bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Pengetahuan Dengan Sikap Ibu Tentang Pentingnya Peranan Gigi Sulung : Kajian Pada Ibu Di Ra Al-Irsyadiyah, Kota Tangerang (Laporan Penelitian)
Authors: Ramadhanty Putri Wardani Anneke , Putriany Agustin Tri , Jeddy Jeddy
Published: February 2022

Background: Primary teeth are the teeth found in the oral cavity of a child from the age of 6 months until they are replaced by permanent teeth. During their existence in the oral cavity, primary teeth play a role in a child’s development which can be seen from their functions, including as a masticatory organ, aesthetics, phonetics, and as a natural space maintainer for permanent teeth. Damage to primary teeth or premature loss of primary teeth can interfere with their function and may have an impact on the development of permanent teeth. A mother’s knowledge regarding primary teeth and their important role can form a good attitude on the mother’s part; thus, it may have an impact on how mothers care for and maintain these teeth in a healthy state to carry out their functions. Objective: To determine the correlation between mother’s knowledge and  attitude regarding the importance of the role of primary teeth in the child’s oral cavity among mothers at RA Al-Irsyadiyah, Tangerang City. Method: This study is an analytic observational study with a cross sectional design by involving 51 mothers of students as respondents in RA Al-Irsyadiyah school, Tangerang City. The data were obtained by using online questionnaires. The questionnaires were distributed through the school. Results: The analysis result using the Spearman correlation test showed that p = 0.000 (p <0.05) with a positive correlation coefficient of 0.485. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between mother’s knowledge and attitude regarding the importance of the role of primary teeth in the child’s oral cavity among mothers at RA Al-Irsyadiyah, Tangerang City.
Antibiofilm Ekstrak Etanol Biji Alpukat (Persea Americana) Terhadap Streptococcus Mutans (In Vitro)
Authors: Fadla Adzra , Wulansari Selviana
Published: February 2022

Background: The most common oral disease in Indonesia is caries. Streptococcus mutans is the main cause of caries bacteria and has the ability to communicate with each other in biofilms. Avocado seeds (Persea Americana) contain flavonoids, saponins, alkanoids, terpenoids, steroids and tannins which have antibacterial activity. Objective: to determine the effect of ethanol extract of avocado seeds on S.mutans biofilm growth. Methods: the effect of ethanol extract of avocado seeds (P.americana) on the growth of S.mutans ATCC 25175 biofilm was evaluated by the crystal violet staining method carried out at the Micore Laboratory of Trisakti University. S.mutans bacteria were cultured using Brain Heart Infussion Broth (BHI-B) AT 37°C for 24 hours anaerobically. The ethanol extract of avocado seeds (P.americana) was diluted into 5 concentrations: 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.25% with aquades. CHX (0.2%) became positive control and untreated biofilm became negative control. The extract was added to the well with a biofilm and incubated for 24 hours. The mass of the biofilm was measured by 0.5% crystal violet staining and the ethanol extract of avocado seeds (P.americana) from each concentration group and incubation period reduced the growth of S.mutans biofilm when compared with negative controls (p<0.05) . the best concentration to reduce biofilm adhesion was 12.5% with and incubation period of 24 hours. Conclusion: Avocado seeds (P.americana) ethanol ectract can inhibit the growth of S.mutans biofilm. More research is needed on other oral bacteria.
Gambaran Pengetahuan dan Sikap Mahasiswa Program Profesi Dokter Gigi Terhadap Intervensi Minimal Kedokteran Gigi
Authors: Alifah Nur Vega Gadara , Prijanti Dwisaptarini Ade
Published: February 2022

Minimal intervention dentistry (MID) is a modern approach to the management of dental caries. The philosophy of professional care in minimal intervention dentistry can be defined as focusing on the initial symptom, early detection, immediate treatment on a micro scale, followed with minimally invasive and patient-friendly treatment to restore damages caused by dental caries. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the knowledge and attitude about minimal intervention dentistry among dental students in clinical years and postgraduate dental students in the faculty of dentistry, Universitas Trisakti. Method: This research was conducted using descriptive observational cross-sectional design on dental students in clinical years and postgraduate dental students. The data were collected using a questionnaire. Result: Total of 129 respondents were involved. Almost all research subjects could answer the questionnaire correctly regarding knowledge with 71,93% of dental students in clinical years and 84,38% of post graduate dental students. In attitude section, have a positive attitude with 74,28% of dental students in clinical years and 87,5% of post graduate dental student agree with the concept of minimal dentistry intervention, while the attitude in daily practice of dental students in clinical years answered that they had never do minimum intervention procedure with 32.7% and post graduate dental student answered sometimes do that procedure with 32.1%. Conclusion: Dental students in clinical years show good knowledge and positive attitude, but it doesn’t affect their attitudes in daily practice, whereas residency doctors have good knowledge, attitude, and practices that include into the positive category of minimal interventions dentistry.
PERAN RADIOGRAFI DALAM IDENTIFIKASI KASUS FORENSIK ODONTOLOGI
Authors: Tanjung Rizki
Published: February 2022

Background: Radiography is an important part of forensic odontology because it is a simple, economical, and non-invasive method in identification, especially for identifying corpses through proper comparison between antemortem and post-mortem radiographs. Radiographs can also be taken to determine the victim’s age and even assist in assessing gender and ethnic group. Dental radiographic examination can be used as a reference because it has minimal potential for error compared to an odontogram. Objective: To describe the basic principles of dental radiology that play a role in forensic odontology. Discussion: Dental radiographs can provide accurate information as comparative data from antemortem data. The correct technique will produce an optimal image to be interpreted as comparative data through the anatomical shape of the teeth, periapical abnormalities, fillings, caries outlines, the position of impacted teeth, and others. Information obtained from panoramic radiographs helps estimate age and sex. Age estimation was carried out by observing the eruption stage of the teeth. In contrast, gender estimation was carried out by assessing the landmarks of maxillofacial anatomical structures. Conclusion: Radiography is needed in forensic odontology as an important component to support the identification process.
Kegagalan Analisis Bite mark dalam Identifikasi Forensik
Authors: Vanessa Vanessa
Published: February 2022

Forensic odontology is a field of science that applies dental science to solve criminal and civil cases. Bite marks are often used in cases of sexual harassment to murder. However, in reality, several experts, including forensic odontologists, are considered to not mastered the bite mark analysis method properly for suspect identification, which often leads to errors and misinterpretations. This is a very serious matter because it will affect the life of a person. The use of the bite mark method itself in the field of forensic odontology is still a controversial issue because it often leads to misuse and misunderstanding. This review describes the disadvantages of bite mark identification.
Karakteristik Sosiodemografi Penderita Diabetes Melitus Yang Mengalami Kelainan Periodontal: A Scoping Review
Authors: Nur Diana Annisa , Astuti Luki , Hapsari Andayani Lia
Published: February 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease are a multifactorial diseases which have a bidirectional relationship. Diabetes mellitus can increase the risk of periodontal diseases while periodontal disease can interfere the glycemic control in diabetic patients by increasing insulin resistance. The epidemiology of both diseases are known to be related by the individuals characteristics of sociodemographic such as gender, age, educational level, socioeconomic and lifestyle. Objective: The aim of this study was to see the sociodemographic characteristics of diabetes mellitus patients with periodontal disease based on gender, age, educational level, socioeconomy, and lifestyle. Method: This type of research is a scoping review using Pubmed and Google Scholar as an electronic databases. Journals with observational study design, such as cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort in English and being published since 2019 were included in the inclusion criteria. Results: 6 journals were obtained according to the inclusion criteria. The increased risk of periodontal disease have a variation in gender, age, and socioeconomic variables. Meanwhile, the variables of educational level and smoking lifestyle showed that there was no variation in the increased risk of periodontal disease. Conclusion: Characteristic of sociodemographic in diabetes mellitus patients suffering periodontal disease have a variations in each variables.
Penatalaksanaan dan Pemilihan Teknik Augmentasi Tulang pada Pemasangan Implan Dental
Authors: Koharaudi Halimi Eureka , Ariesanti Yessy
Published: February 2022

Background: Inadequate bone condition in dental implants can be a fundamental problem. The success of implant therapy depends on adequate bone thickness at the implant site. Inadequate bone condition due to atrophy, periodontal disease, trauma, or vertical, horizontal, and sagittal intermaxillary relationships can result in insufficient bone volume for implant placement. Bone augmentation for implant treatment it’s a common practice to obtain the function and aesthetics expected in areas of inadequate bone. Several techniques and materials of bone augmentation with varying success rates are known, one of which is Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR). Objective: To add information about the management of bone augmentation in dental implants using the Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) technique. Case Report: A 20-year-old female patient attended a clinic to solve a functional problem and prevent dental shifting after tooth extraction. She wanted to have permanent dentures for the left mandibular. After undergoing several examinations, it was decided to perform dental implants on tooth 36, diameter 3.4 mm and length 10.5 mm with a cemented-screw type PFM crown. In this case, the bone augmentation technique is Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) with allograft bone grafts. After being observed for approximately one year, it appears that new bone formation has occurred, which supports the success of the dental implant treatment. Conclusion: Various bone augmentation techniques are effective in correcting inadequate bone conditions prior to implant placement.
Main strategies for conceptualization of musical meaning
Authors: Makovetskaya Maria Vladimirovna , Seliverstova Nina Andreevna
Published: February 2022

The object of this research is music as a semantic process. The subject is problematization of the concept of meaning in music. The goal lies in outlining the main strategies for conceptualization of the musical meaning within the framework of the history of music-aesthetic teachings. The authors pursue the following tasks: conduct critical analysis of the basic music-aesthetic concepts, explore their metaphysical origins and ideological prerequisites, determine the conceptual boundaries of the concept of musical language. The acquire results lie in determination of the fundamental strategies for rationalization of music: music as mathematics, and music as language. Within the framework of these strategies, analysis is conducted on various concepts of the meaning in music and their metaphysical prerequisites. Among these concepts are musical ethos, world harmony, music affects, musical expression, and semiotics of music. The author clarifies the concept of music as language from the perspective of a range of discursive attitudes: musical language as a natural language of feelings (theory of musical expression), and musical language as a semiotic system. The scientific novelty of consists in application of the new approach towards reconsideration of the basic music-aesthetic concepts from the standpoint of the development of autonomization of the musical meaning. The research results justify drawing a clear boundary between the scientific and nonscientific discursive use of such common comparisons as “music as language” and “music as mathematics”. The conclusion is made the solution to problem of the specificity of formation and functionality of the autonomous musical meaning requires going beyond the narrow field of consideration of music as a semantic process towards the holistic experience of aesthetic perception.
Ballet "The Taming of the Shrew" by Jean-Christophe Maillot: peculiarities of authorial interpretation of the images of Katherine and Petruchio
Authors: Khokhlova Daria
Published: February 2022

The subject of this research is Jean-Christophe Maillot’s interpretation of the images of Katherine and Petruchio in the context of ideological-imagery parallels with the original text – W. Shakespeare’s comedy "The Taming of the Shrew". The article determines the expressive means and choreographic elements used by the choreographer to stage the lead roles, as well as their contextual comparison with the original literary text. The theoretical framework leans on the principles of ballet analysis developed by the ballet theoretician and historians Dobrovolskaya, Krasovskaya, Slonimsky, and Surits. The works by Lopukhov serve as the methodological basis for analysis of the shape and choreography. Other sources include video materials from the archives of Monte Carlo Ballet and Bolshoi Theater, recordings of staged rehearsals that took place from April to June 2014 (author's archive). The research employs the methods of ideological-artistic analysis, semantic analysis of construction and choreographic solution of the roles of Katherine and Petruchio, as well as method of included observation (personal participation in the performance). The novelty lies in revealing the innovative and modernized classical elements of choreography and staging developed by Maillot (leitmotif plasticity combinations, transforming symbolic moves). The detailed semantic analysis of the composition and choreography f the images of Katherine and Petruchio became the main instrument of research and allowed making the following conclusions. Interpretation of the images of the protagonists in the first act is conceptually similar to Shakespeare's text and slightly adapted in accordance with the expressive potential of ballet art and authorial artistic tasks. In the second act, the choreographer shifts the compositional and plotline focus, highlighting not the final scenes, but the full-scale duet of the protagonists, where the plasticity solution is transformed depending on the changes in their emotional states. Namely abstract and visual plasticity ideation individualizes the choreographic style of Maillot and underlies his interpretation of the profound plotline of Shakespeare's comedy.
Clinical and genetic characteristics of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
Authors: Basit Sulman , Khoshhal Khalid I.
Published: February 2022

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a known childhood form of idiopathic femoral head osteonecrosis. It is characterized by a sequence of events involving the capital femoral epiphysis. The disease process is associated with the disruption of the blood supply to the femoral head. In most cases, LCPD appears in a sporadic form. Occurrences of cases in families have also been reported, with some families having more than two affected individuals. The disease etiology is still unknown, however, various factors have been considered for the pathogenesis of LCPD, including very low body weight or short stature at birth, maternal smoking, and secondhand smoke exposure. Interaction of multiple environmental and genetic factors has also been postulated as an underlying player in the development of the disorder. Hypercoagulability may have a major role in LCPD development. Families segregating LCPD largely demonstrate autosomal dominant inheritance. Variants in coagulations genes (Factor 5 and Factor 2) and collagen encoding gene (COL2A1) have been linked to the disease. However, our knowledge of the LCPD pathogenic factors is limited. A better understanding of the association between LCPD and causative factors, for example, the role of hypercoagulability in osteonecrosis development, might lead to the development of improved treatments, to shorten the acute phase of the disease during childhood as well as to possibly reduce the long-term effects of osteoarthritis in adulthood. Detection of large-effect variants underlying LCPD may help in offering extended screening for all first-degree family members. In this review, we would like to discuss the etiological factors underlying LCPD with special emphasis on the role of coagulation factors and mutations in the genes encoding those coagulation factors.
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES FROM CONSOLIDATION TESTING
Authors: Вахрин И.С. , Кузьмин Г.П.
Published: February 2022

При определении на компрессионном приборе деформационных характеристик мёрзлых дисперсных грунтов при оттаивании образцы характеризуют начальными значениями плотности и пористости. Для решения других инженерных задач предлагается способ определения показателей физических свойств дисперсных грунтов на ступенях давления компрессионного сжатия. Способ основан на закономерности деформирования образцов грунта при компрессионном сжатии. В условиях невозможности бокового расширения деформация образцов происходит в одном направлении и изменяющийся объем грунта выражается зависимостью от относительной продольной их деформации. Таким образом, при компрессионном сжатии все показатели физических свойств дисперсных грунтов, зависящие от объема образца, определяются относительной продольной его деформацией.

In consolidation testing of frozen soils to evaluate their thaw settlement potential, initial values of density and porosity are used to characterize the specimens. To solve other engineering problems, we propose a method for determining the soil physical parameters at pressure increments in consolidation testing. The method is based on the deformation behavior of soil specimens in one-dimensional compression. Under laterally confined conditions, deformation is restricted to one direction and the volume change is expressed by a relationship to vertical strain. Therefore, all physical parameters of soils dependent on specimen volume are determined by vertical strain.
Microbial Exploitation of Biofertilizer, Pullulan and Biochar from Floral Waste
Authors:   School of BioSciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, V Suneetha , S Punetha ,   School of BioSciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: February 2022

In diversified India, there are different traditions and cultures and their spirituality to believe in God is unconditional. People used to go temple and offer several things to God, and mainly the item they offer is the flower. Heaps of flowers flooded in temples are served as waste in nearby areas, or they dumped it into water. Flower waste has abundant properties with several nutrients (macro as well as micro) in them. In this article, we have emphasized the production and application of fertilizer, Pullulan and Biochar with the help of microbes present on floral waste enriched samples. Test samples were collected in the nearby areas of the temple, and after collection, serial dilution of the enriched sample was prepared. 1mL of each serial dilution were outspread on sterile nutrient agar plates, and bacterial isolation was done. Properties of degradation of soil isolates were evaluated. Flowers collected were then dried, and 1% was then transferred in minimal medium (without C source). Streaking was carried out, and isolated possessing tremendous growth was choosen for the development of the consortium. Different combinations of soil isolates were used. Five per cent inoculum of various consortia was spread on flower waste chambers. It was incubated aerobically. Degradation was analyzed after a specific time interval. The microbial consortium supports minimizing the time required for degrading an enormous amount of flower waste. With this perspective, we can prepare good quality Biopolymer Pullulan and Biochar without causing any harm to the environment.
Mediterranean Diet Ingredients: Their Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential
Authors:   CSI: Create. Solve. Innovate. LLC, 2020 Kraft Dr., Suite 3007, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA, A Trajkovska-Broach , A Trajkovska Petkoska ,   CSI: Create. Solve. Innovate. LLC, 2020 Kraft Dr., Suite 3007, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
Published: February 2022

Attractive for its palatability and unique flavourful food choices, the Mediterranean Diet (MD) is one of the most studied dietary patterns due to its numerous health and well-being benefits. MD is, also, an example of a sustainable food system and lifestyle that can be easily implemented outside the Mediterranean basin. It is mainly a plant-based diet, which emphasizes abundant consumption of unprocessed or minimally processed fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, legumes, seeds, herbs and spices, followed by moderate consumption of fish, poultry, eggs and low-fat dairy and fermented dairy products. Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO), the cornerstone of the MD, is the main source of healthy fats, while the consumption of red meat products and products with refined sugars is low. Plenty of fluids like water, juices, herb teas, coffees, and soups are frequently consumed to maintain a good hydration, as well as red wine consumed in moderation with the meals is practiced in some of the Mediterranean countries depending on the culture, traditions and religious beliefs. An updated MD food pyramid describing the main ingredients of this dietary pattern is proposed. The phytonutrients, consumed daily within the MD and acting in synergy, are responsible for the highly antioxidant and antiinflammatory nature of this diet and are briefly described.
A Brief Note on Mucormycosis: The So-Called Black Fungus Causing Co-Infection with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors:   Department of Life Sciences (DLS), School of Environment and Life Sciences (SELS), Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Bangladesh, AVA Afia Ibnat , Fayz Abrar Hamim ,   Department of Life Sciences (DLS), School of Environment and Life Sciences (SELS), Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Bangladesh, Sultana Shahreen ,   Department of Life Sciences (DLS), School of Environment and Life Sciences (SELS), Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Bangladesh, Pingki Priangka Bhattacharya ,   Department of Life and Medical Sciences, Water and Environmental Management, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom, Noor Rashed ,   Department of Life Sciences (DLS), School of Environment and Life Sciences (SELS), Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Bangladesh
Published: February 2022

In association to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the recent onset of fungal co-infection (Mucormycosis), generally known as black fungus, have made the COVID-19 situation clinically more complicated with increased mortality. Such fungal co-infection has been noticed in the severe COVID-19 patients especially who had the history of diabetes; and used steroid drugs. The fungal infection causes serious damage to the COVID-19 patients; and in many instances surgery of the affected region becomes mandatory in addition the prescribed but limited anti-fungal drug. Present review briefly discussed the clinical consequences of the black fungus co-infection in the COVID-19 patients based on the recently published literatures.
Nodular Hepatic Tuberculosis about a Case: An Underestimated Diagnosis
Authors:   Department of Bacteriology, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed V), Rabat, Morocco, E Benaissa , Y Elbnaissi ,   Center for Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed V), Rabat, Morocco, A Reggad ,   Center for Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed V), Rabat, Morocco, S Oucharqui ,   Department of Bacteriology, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed V), Rabat, Morocco, F Bssaibis ,   Department of Bacteriology, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed V), Rabat, Morocco, S Jidane ,   Emergency Department, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed V), Rabat, Morocco, A Maleb ,   Laboratory of Microbiology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed the first), Oujda, Morocco, L Belyamani ,   Emergency Department, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed V), Rabat, Morocco, K Ennibi ,   Center for Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed V), Rabat, Morocco, M Elouenness ,   Department of Bacteriology, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed V), Rabat, Morocco
Published: February 2022

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease that affects millions of people. The system most affected is the respiratory system. Nodular hepatic TB without involvement of other organs is not common. Its clinical manifestations are not specific. The differential diagnosis includes primary and metastatic malignancies of the liver. We report a case of nodular hepatic TB revealed by molecular biology in a 69-year-old diabetic patient without any sign of TB impregnation and highlighting the contribution of molecular biology in the diagnosis and rapid management of this rare entity.
Biofilm Formation and Inhibitory Effect of Essential Oils in Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors:   University of Félix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agriculture and valorization of Biological Resources, Department of Biosciences (LBAVR), Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, CKD Benie , Y Attien Paul ,   University of Jean Lorougnon GUEDE, Department of Biochemistry-Microbiology, Agrovalorisation Laboratory, UFR Agroforestry, Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire, E Toe ,   University of Peleforo Gon Coulibaly, UFR of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry-Genetic, Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire, YC Tra Bi ,   University of Nangui-Abrogoua, Institute for Research on New Energies (IREN), Biomass-Energy Laboratory, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, K Atobla ,   University of Félix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agriculture and valorization of Biological Resources, Department of Biosciences (LBAVR), Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, A Dadié ,   Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Institut Pasteur of Côte d’Ivoire (IPCI), Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
Published: February 2022

Biofilm formation is a major concern in medicine, as well as in the food industry. Some infections related to bacterial biofilms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a real public health challenge. This study aimed to show the activity of essential oils on P. aeruginosa biofilm formation. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates consisting of animal (100), environmental (20) and clinical strains (42) were identified by PCR and sequenced. Biofilm formation was assessed by the microplate method. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by using Kirby–Bauer disc-diffusion method. The average biofilm formation percentages vary from 1.2 to 2.1 in 24h and from 2.3 to 3.2 in 48h. The median biofilm formation value was higher in environmental strains (1.4 ± 0.2) than in clinical (1.2 ± 0.4) and animal (1.1 ± 0.4). In decreasing order of importance, the essential oils of Mentha piperita (90 ± 5.12% at 100%), Eucalyptus globulus (34 ± 0.08% at 100%) and Lavandula angustifolia (12 ± 0.71% to 100%) showed distinct inhibitory effects on biofilm formation (p <0.05). The rate of resistance of P. aeruginosa to the antibiotics imipenem, ceftazidime, cefepime, fosfomycin and colistin varied from 12.7% to 48.4% in the biofilm status while that of plankton cells ranged from 2.3% to 15.0%. Moreover, resistance to ticarcillin, ticarcillin clavulanic acid, piperacillin and ciprofloxacin ranged from 56.4% to 83.1% in biofilm and from 29.4% to 51.4% in planktonic cells. In general, biofilm is more resistant to different antibiotics than free cells. The tested essential oils could be an effective natural control against microbial biofilm formation.
Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Risk Factors for their Infections at Intensive Care Units of a Tertiary Hospital in Southern China
Authors:   Microbiology Division, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, China, J Liu , H-W Guo ,   Microbiology Division, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, China, Q Pan ,   Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, China, M-Z Fu ,   Microbiology Division, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, China, Y-K Qiu ,   Microbiology Division, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, China, N-K Wong ,   Department of Infection Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, China, Y-C Huang ,   Microbiology Division, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, China
Published: February 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is highly significant opportunistic pathogens causing healthcare associated infections (HAIs) in hospital settings, notably at intensive care units (ICUs). The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the infection status, prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of PA at ICUs of a tertiary care hospital in southern China during a one-year period (2016) and examine the clinical risk factors for HAIs by PA. Multiple-locus variablenumber tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) method was employed to analyze clonality of the strains. Our results suggested that the resistance of PA in ICUs were higher than in other wards. In terms of resistance to carbapenems, the resistance gene island (blaOXA-1+blaIMP+ant(2’’)-Ia+aac(6’)-Ib) carried in IntI was a salient feature among AMR genes. While PA infections at local ICUs seemed frequent, there were no obvious trends suggestive of outbreaks. Some epidemic strains have apparently thrived locally for substantial periods, as carriers of major AMR genes and virulence factors. For risk factors for HAIs, inappropriate treatment was found to impact empiric antibiotic therapy of PA infections, especially in the case of carbapenems, where patients often did not get proper treatment during hospitalization of more than 30 days. Multifactor analysis shows that ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) was an independent risk factor for increasing the 30-day mortality rate in patients. In addition, the use of antimicrobials, duration of hospitalization and use of mechanical ventilation before isolation were independent risk factors for HAIs.
Molecular Screening of Hemoglobin S Variant in Anemia Patients of Eastern UP Population
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology, V B S Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, UP, India, V Rai , U Yadav ,   Department of Biotechnology, V B S Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, UP, India, P Kumar ,   Department of Biotechnology, V B S Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, UP, India
Published: February 2022

More than 700 hemoglobinopathies are reported globally. In India, the most predominant hemoglobinopathies are HbS, and HbE. The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency of HbS in Eastern Uttar Pradesh population. The written consent was taken from each subject. 3 ml blood samples was collected from 350 selected anemic patients and genomic DNA was extracted from all the 350 collected blood samples. HbS mutation was analysed by PCR-RFLP method. Out of 350 samples analyzed, four individual was heterozygous (HbS/N) and one individuals were homozygous (HbS/S) for Hb S mutation. In conclusion, the overall βS allele frequency in Eastern Uttar Pradesh was observed as 0.86%.
Iron-Deficiency Anemias Worsen Some Cardiovascular Diseases: The Role of Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose
Authors:   Department of Cardiology and ICU “V. Monaldi” Hospital, Italy, F Cacciapuoti , F Cacciapuoti ,   Department of Internal Medicine, “L.Vanvitelli” Campania University, Italy
Published: February 2022

Background: Anemia induced by iron deficiency is a frequent co-morbidity of cardiovascular disease and is called as sideropenic anaemia. This is caused by low iron serum levels, with reduction of the hemoglobin value. Methods: Iron-deficiency reduces the oxygen carry throughout the body. The reduction of oxygen supply to the cardiac and pulmonary systems can point out some clinical symptoms, such as precordial angor, dyspnea, tachycardia and edema at lower limbs. It also induces an increase of some hemodynamic data, such as pulmonary and capillary pressures and worsens the prognosis of patients subjected to cardiac surgery. Results: Several data confirm that iron deficiency exerts detrimental effects in patients with coronary artery disease, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension and in those undergoing cardiac surgery. Conclusions: Iron deficiency further worsen the outcome and the complications of some cardiovascular disease. In addition, the manner and the advantages of i.v. iron administration (ferric carboxymaltose especially) were displayed. This administration may be requested in some conditions of cardiovascular disease and in the coexistence of these with kidney failure.
Improving De Novo Molecular Design with Curriculum Learning
Authors: Guo Jeff , Fialková Vendy , Arango Juan Diego , Margreitter Christian , Janet Jon Paul , Papadopoulos Kostas , Engkvist Ola , Patronov Atanas
Published: February 2022

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful paradigm that has gained popularity across multiple domains. However, applying RL may come at a cost of multiple interactions between the agent and the environment. This cost can be especially pronounced when the single feedback from the environment is slow or computationally expensive, causing extensive periods of nonproductivity. Curriculum learning (CL) provides a suitable alternative by arranging a sequence of tasks of increasing complexity with the aim of reducing the overall cost of learning. Here, we demonstrate the application of CL for drug discovery. We implement CL in the de novo design platform, REINVENT, and apply it on illustrative de novo molecular design problems of different complexity. The results show both accelerated learning and a positive impact on the quality of the output when compared to standard policy based RL. To our knowledge, this is the first application of CL for the purposes of de novo molecular design. The code is freely available at https://github.com/MolecularAI/Reinvent.
FTICR Mass spectrometry imaging at extreme mass resolving power using 1 a dynamically harmonized ICR cell with 1ω or 2ω detection
Authors: Tiquet Mathieu , La Rocca Raphaël , Kirnbauer Stefan , Zoratto Samuele , van Kruining Daan , Quinton Loïc , Eppe Gauthier , Martinez-Martinez Pilar , Marchetti-Deschmann Martina , De Pauw Edwin , Far Johann
Published: February 2022

MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) is a powerful analytical method providing the 2D localization of compounds from thin sections of typically but not exclusively biological samples. The dynamically harmonized ICR cell (ParaCell©) was recently introduced to achieve extreme spectral resolution capable to provide the isotopic fine structure of ions detected in complex samples. The latest improvement in ICR technology also includes 2ω detection which significantly reduces the transient time while preserving the nominal mass resolving power of the ICR cell. High-resolution MS images acquired on FT-ICR instruments equipped with 7T and 9.4T superconducting magnets and the dynamically harmonized ICR cell operating at suboptimal parameters, suffered severely from the pixel-to-pixel shifting of m/z peaks due to space-charge effects. The resulting profile average mass spectra have depreciated mass measurement accuracy and mass resolving power under the instrument specifications that affect the confidence level of the identified ions. Here we propose an analytical workflow based on the monitoring of the Total Ion Current to restrain the pixel-to-pixel m/z shift. Adjustment of the laser parameters is proposed to maintain high spectral resolution and mass accuracy measurement within the instrument specifications during MSI analyses. The optimized method has been successfully employed in replicates to perform high-quality MALDI MS images at resolving power (FWHM) above 1,000,000 in the lipid mass range across the whole image for superconducting magnets of 7T and 9.4T using 1 and 2ω detection. Our data also compare favorably with MALDI MSI experiments performed on higher magnetic field superconducting magnets, including the 21T MALDI FT-ICR prototype instrument of the NHMFL group at Tallahassee, Florida.
Cooperative C–H Bond Activation by a Low-Spin d6 Iron–Aluminium Complex
Authors: Gorgas Nikolaus , White Andrew , Crimmin Mark
Published: February 2022

The reactions of transition metal complexes underpin numerous synthetic processes and catalytic transformations. Typically, this reactivity involves the participation of empty and filled molecular orbitals centred on the transition metal. Kinetically stabilised species, such as octahedral low-spin d6 transition metal complexes, are not expected to participate directly in these reactions. However, novel approaches that exploit metal ligand-cooperativity offer an opportunity to challenge these preconceptions. Here we show that inclusion of an aluminium-based ligand into the coordination sphere of neutral low-spin d6 iron complex leads to unexpected reactivity. Complexes featuring an unsupported Fe–Al bond are capable of the intermolecular C–H bond activation of pyridines. Mechanistic analysis suggests that C–H activation proceeds through a reductive deprotonation in which the two metal centres (Fe and Al) act like a frustrated Lewis-pair. Key to this behaviour is a ground state destabilisation of the d6 iron complex, brought about by the inclusion of the electropositive aluminium-based ligand. These findings have immediate implications for the design of reagents and catalysts based on 1st row transition metals.
First-principles studies on the atomistic properties of metallic magnesium as anode material in magnesium-based batteries
Authors: Fiesinger Florian , Gaissmaier Daniel , van den Borg Matthias , Jacob Timo
Published: February 2022

Rechargeable magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) are a promising alternative to commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). They are safer to handle, environmentally more friendly, and provide a five-time higher volumetric capacity (3832 mAh·cm-3) than commercialized LIBs. However, the formation of a passivation layer on metallic Mg electrodes is still a major challenge towards their commercialization. Using density functional theory, the atomistic properties of metallic magnesium, such as bulk, surface, and adsorption properties, were examined. Well-selected self-diffusion processes on perfect and imperfect Mg surfaces were investigated to better understand the initial surface growth phenomena. Subsequently, rate constants and activation temperatures of crucial diffusion processes on Mg(0001) and Mg(101m1) were determined, providing preliminary insights into the surface kinetics of metallic Mg electrodes.
New technologies in the control of the course of diabetes mellitus in children (continuous monitoring of glycemia): what a pediatrician should know
Authors: Taranushenko Tatiana E.
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this publication is to provide pediatricians with modern methods of controlling the course of diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. The paper discusses the modern possibilities of optimizing the observation of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in a polyclinic. In accordance with the recommended standards of medical care, the method of continuous monitoring of glycemia at the stage of primary medical and primary specialized medical care of blood glucose control is discussed. Advantages (procedure, analysis of key indicators and their information content).
Sport and second chances? All drug cheats should be banned for life, here’s why.
Authors: Crisp Philippe , Sims Jamie
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this critical commentary is to highlight the inconsistencies evident within the discourse of Performance Enhancing Drug (PED) use and Anti-Doping violations. Of most note, the issue related to proper rehabilitation and subsequent reintegration of athletes who have failed drugs tests is reliant on a notion that when athletes return to competition, fairness will prevail. We know that PEDS, in particular steroids and exogenous hormone treatment, confer an advantage even without concurrent training (see Bhasin et.al. 1996). That their effectiveness is not in doubt is consistent with current policy. However, the question of just how advantageous it is for athletes to use them, even just the once, and whether there are any permanent advantages to doing so, is not particularly evident in contemporary discourse. This paper takes the position, using emerging scientific evidence as well as the recollections of UK strength sports administrators, that any consideration of ‘clean’ sport needs to resolve policy with the evidence that permanent advantages accrued from PED use can only be combatted by promoting a ‘natural for life’ standard.
Geographical Tensions
Authors: Fuller Andy
Published: February 2022

Critical Commentary
The Contribution of Expert Coaches’ Experiential Knowledge in Understanding Punching Performance
Authors: Lindsay Riki S. , Lenetsky Seth M.
Published: February 2022

Traditionally, the field of sports science has been interested in conducting research that is predominately quantitative in nature. Although this approach has provided significant findings, this has led to expert coaches’ experiential knowledge being neglected in favour of empirical knowledge. By investigating punching in boxing, we are interested in developing an understanding of whether elite coaches, through their experiential knowledge, intuitively identify key characteristics of effective punching as identified in controlled experimental research. For this purpose, five interviews were conducted with professional and amateur boxing coaches. From this qualitative approach it was evident that coaches’ knowledge was consistent with that of the empirical research on effective punching performance with four principal components emerging from the interview data. These included: 1) whole body movement, 2) footwork, 3) hip and shoulder rotation, and 4) hand and arm position. The data illuminated how coaches’ knowledge can be used to strengthen empirical findings in sports performance, in this case punching in boxing. Additionally, characteristics of performance that were discussed by coaches that were not identified in the empirical literature highlight directions for further research regarding effective punching technique, an area that requires further investigation before conclusive structures of good practice can be applied.
Book Review: Rowing Through the Barbed Wire Fence by Rima Karaliene
Authors: Hurley Alec S.
Published: February 2022

Translated by Dovilas Bukauskas. Scotts Valley: CreateSpace Publishing, 2017.
Houston College Sport Programs’ Hurricane Harvey Communication
Authors: Hanna Chris , Thompson Robert , Morton James
Published: February 2022

This study provides a Twitter content analysis of tweets by Houston-based Division I college sport programs during Hurricane Harvey. A content analysis was performed on the tweets appearing on the main intercollegiate athletics Twitter pages of University of Houston, Houston Baptist University, Prairie View A&M University, Rice University, and Texas Southern University in response to Hurricane Harvey. The researchers based their study on grounded theory informed by a study conducted by Inoue and Havard (2015). While this study examined tweets rather than newspaper and magazine articles like Inoue and Havard (2015), this study confirmed the theme findings in Inoue and Havard (2015) applied well in a Twitter social media setting as well. New themes that were added by the researchers in the current study proved to be applicable.
Hybrid approach redefinition with cluster-based instance selection in handling class imbalance problem
Authors: Hartono Hartono , Ongko Erianto , Abdullah Dahlan
Published: February 2022

Class Imbalance problems often occur in the classification process, the existence of these problems is characterized by the tendency of a class to have instances that are much larger than other classes. This problem certainly causes a tendency towards low accuracy in minority classes with smaller number of instances and also causes important information on minority classes not to be obtained. Various methods have been applied to overcome the problem of the imbalance class. One of them is the Hybrid Approach Redefinition method which is one of the Hybrid Ensembles methods. The tendency to pay attention to the performance classifier, has led to an understanding of the importance of selecting an instance that will be used as a classifier. In the classic Hybrid Approach Redefinition method classifier selection is done randomly using the Random Under Sampling approach, and it is interesting to study how performance is obtained if the sampling process is based on Cluster-Based by selecting existing instances. The purpose of this study is to apply the Hybrid Approach Redefinition method with Cluster-Based Instance Selection (CBIS) approach so that it can obtain a better performance classifier. The results showed that Hybrid Approach Redefinition with cluster-based instance selection gave better results on the number of classifiers, data diversity, and performance classifiers compared to classic Hybrid Approach Redefinition.