bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Islamophobia The New Dimensions In 21st Century
Authors: Dr. Rani Erum
Published: July 2021

Anti-Muslim emotions are not new for the world. It was present since the rise of Islam. West was furious after facing Muslims in battle ground and constantly defeated by those who were less equipped but obtained high morals. Initially they were frightened due to the novelty and unique approach of faith and its execution, therefore, they try to fabricate the original manuscripts, making false stories and molesting the last prophet’s life history. Islamophobia transformed after 9/11 and become more intensified and dangerous. It effected the common men worldwide without any boundaries. The respective research is based on the fact that hatred is the negative notion whether it related with nobility or wicked perception. It creates harmful effects on human psychology which subsequently created abusive mindset and actions. When any form of ideology identified as phobia means uncontrolled envy combine with the concept and turn it into a form of frenzied connotation. The fight between East and West was ancient which now convert among religions particularly Islam and others. The research is intend to provide the journey of anti-Islamism from past to present as well its significant elements and its present state. It also discusses the future prospects of clash of religions.
Is Diplomacy A Success Or Failure? A Study from the Perspective of Kashmir Issue
Authors: Farhana Owais , Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ahmed Qadri
Published: July 2021

This research explores the success or failure of diplomacy on part of United Nations Organization and international community in case of Kashmir issue, the conflict area between Pakistan and India. By using qualitative research method, a brief historical background of Kashmir issue and role of the United Nation has been explored. Pakistan contemplates Kashmir as its key political dispute but India did not accept it. The decision of Kashmir issue was reviewed by UN Security Council on 21st April 1948 according to its 47th resolution. The Security Council sent a commission to sub-continent in 1948 to solve the issue by impartial plebiscite in Kashmir. India and Pakistan did not accept this commission but they appreciated the mediation done by UN commission. After considerable efforts the commission declared its failure in December 1949. The United Nation has power to ensure peace in Kashmir and had plebiscite. While talking about plebiscite it is according to UN resolution of January 1949 which laid down.“The question of the accession of the state of Jammu and Kashmir to India or Pakistan will be
Anti Terrorism Legal Framework in Pakistan and Challenges before the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Dr. Muhammad Imran , Dr. Rao Qasim Idrees
Published: July 2021

Terrorism is a global problem and it is becoming more complicated over the years. Most countries including Pakistan are adopting new measures to combat terrorism. However, the existing legal regime in Pakistan has several weaknesses and the government faces new challenges in fighting terrorism. This paper examines the anti-terrorism legislation of Pakistan by arguing that it has become unsuccessful to curb the threat of terrorism by fetching the terrorists to justice. This paper also provides analysis of the development of anti-terrorism laws in Pakistan after the September 2001 terrorist attacks in the US (9/11 attacks) through a broad history of progression as per the varying nature of the hazards faced by the State. Several governments made various legal mechanisms to cope with the criminalities those could not be sought under the ordinary judicial system of the State. Being the primary anti-terrorism legislation, the Anti-Terrorism Act, 1997 is used to handle the menace of sectarian violence in the State. Due to the 9/11 attack, throughout varying character of the danger caused by the Al-Qaeda or Taliban connected local terrorist Jihadi as well as sectarian organizations, Pakistan needs to amend not just the anti-terrorism procedure, but also required to introduce new related regulations to make the law more effective to aid speedy trials of the involved terrorists. This paper reviews critically the existing anti-terrorism laws, investigation techniques and trial processes adopted in Pakistan and identifies weaknesses and challenges in ensuring the effective implementation of the laws
International Discourses in Pakistani Print Media Editorials During the year 2020: A Comparative Analysis of English and Urdu Press
Authors: Dr. Fazli Hussain, Dr. Noreen Aleem
Published: July 2021

Looking through the history it has been observed that international discourses have become a major portion in Pakistani media. This study explores the international discourses in the editorials of print media in Pakistan. Being an active part of Global village, international relations for Pakistan are game-changer-cordial for survival, sustainability, and development. In the same lines, media discourses are important to keep the citizens informed while the editorial discussions play the leading and guiding role in the process. A proper and true portrayal of international events and its linkage with the country’s interests in the editorials, reflects the Agenda Building character of the Press. In Pakistan, Urdu as a national language is the linking and communicational medium among the masses and understood by 90 percent of the citizens while English is the official language, spoken by less than 2 percent of public. But besides the tabloids, there is a distinct division of National Press in English and Urdu Press whereas English Press is generally considered more objective and policy-oriented while Urdu Press is said to be the medium of commons people. Therefore, different approaches towards national and international discourses are assumed based on the general conceptions of the masses. This research investigates the editorials of daily Jang and daily Dawn, which are the most read national newspapers of Pakistan, from Jan.1, 2020, to Dec.31, 2020, to locate the comparative framing of contents concerning the international discourses. This paper also provides workable data for the political communication relevant to the editorial policies of the press in Pakistan
Argument for financial education
Authors:   State Pedagogical University ", Cazacu Emanoil Remus ,   Ion Creanga",   , Republic of Moldova
Published: July 2021

The topicality and importance of the research topic is determined by the low level of awareness of financial education issues in Romania and the Republic of Moldova. In this regards, the author describes financial education form a multidimensional approach and propose recommendations for implementation of financial education.
Análisis sobre la influencia de los anuncios publicitarios en las actitudes de los consumidores hacia las marcas de bebidas no alcohólicas gaseosas
Authors: Audivert Cors Claudia Alejandra
Published: July 2021

En la presente investigación, se realizó un análisis de las actitudes de los consumidores de la ciudad de Sucre respecto a las marcas de gaseosas, y la influencia de la publicidad para este sector. Dicho análisis se realizó aplicando el modelo de medición de actitudes de Martin Fisbein, así como un modelo experimental de medición previo y posterior con grupo de control, para cuyo efecto se utilizó la Cámara Gesell y el Laboratorio de Neuromarketing.

Entre los resultados obtenidos se destaca que las empresas que mayor inversión realizan en publicidad son aquellas que tienen actitudes más favorables hacia la marca; por tanto, se determina que la publicidad tiene un impacto positivo en la preferencia de marca y por tanto en la generación de actitudes favorables hacia la marca.
Radiation therapy services during
the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ishkinin Y. I. , Ibrayev R. Z. , Raimbekov R. B. , Datbayev K. D. , Akhunova R. U. , Raimzhanov K. B. , Goncharova A. A. , Kaldarbekova G. M. , Turlybek Zh. G.
Published: July 2021

Relevance: The outbreak of a new respiratory disease
SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19), reported by China in December 2019,
significantly impacted cancer treatment. However, modern
radiotherapy techniques remain in use during the COVID-19
pandemics. They include intensive modulated radiation therapy (IMRT, VMAT), image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT), stereotactic radiosurgery, and radiotherapy (SRS and SRT).
The research aimed to compare the techniques used and
the throughput of the linear accelerator before and during the
COVID-19 pandemics.
Results: The results were measured during nine months
of operation of Almaty Oncology Center before the pandemic
(April-December 2019) and the similar period during the pandemic in 2020. The amount of high-tech radiotherapy services
provided before and during the COVID-19 pandemic equaled
to (amount of sessions/ number of patients): conformal (3D)
radiotherapy – 6510/335 vs. 6005/286; IGRT – 9171/524 and
8977/551; IMRT and VMAT – 4208/190 vs. 5992/287.
The share of more complex methods of radiation therapy
(IMRT, VMAT) has increased from 39.3% of sessions before the
COVID-19 pandemic to 49.9% during the pandemic. The number of SRS and SRT procedures performed/patients served has
also increased from 14/6 to 47/13.
The average amount of services per patient before and
during the COVID-19 pandemic has changed as follows: conformal radiation therapy – from 19.4 sessions to 21.0, IMRT
and VMAT – from 22.1 to 20.9, IGRT – from 17.5 to 16.3.
Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was
no decrease in the amount of radiotherapy services; the use
of more high-tech radiotherapy techniques has increased 1.4
times.
Comparative analysis of dose distribution
to critical organs in radiation therapy
of left breast cancer with respiratory
synchronization
Authors: Yussupova D. A. , Savkhatova A. D. , Zekebayev M. D. , Quatbek А. К.
Published: July 2021

Relevance: Breast cancer is one of the most common oncological diseases. Today, it leads among female cancers.
Patients with left breast cancer undergoing radiation
therapy have a considerable risk of developing cardiovascular diseases caused by ionizing radiation. Various
methods are introduced to reduce the radiation load to
critical organs to ensure compliance with the main radiation therapy principle. One of these methods is radiation
therapy with synchronized breathing, including deep
inspiration breath hold (DIBH). DIBH can significantly reduce the dose load to the heart and the left lung.
The study aimed to compare the radiation load to
the heart and the left lung during radiation therapy for
left breast cancer with free breathing and respiratory synchronization.
Results: During radiation therapy with synchronized
breathing, the average radiation load to the heart is 1.7
times lower and to the left lung – 1.26 times lower compared to radiation therapy with free breathing.
Conclusion: The study results confirm that respiratory synchronization in radiation therapy for left breast
cancer reduces the dose to the heart and the left lung.
Candidate genes of empty sella
Authors: Sharavii V. B. , Shnayder N. A. , Petrova M. M.
Published: July 2021

Empty sella (ES) is a condition characterized by arachnoid herniation into the sellar fossa which leads to flattening of the pituitary gland against the sellar floor. Besides endocrine disturbances, patients with ESS may also have neuropsychiatric symptoms such as headache, dizziness, seizures, schizophrenia. Typically, ES is not inherited. However, due to the advent of new methods of brain imaging and molecular genetics, the perspective on the genetics of ESS has been changing. The aim of this study is to analyze genome-wide association studies of candidate genes related to the development of ESS in humans. Based on the available studies which have been analyzed, all candidate genes of ESS were divided into 4 groups: group 1 - candidate genes related to ESS, group 2 - candidate genes related to pathways of ESS, group 3 - candidate genes related to cellular components of ESS, group 4 - candidate genes related to biological processes of ESS.
Relations of CYP2C19*2 genetic polymorphisms to plasma and saliva concentrations of diazepam in patients hospitalized for alcohol withdrawal
Authors: Skryabin V. Yu. , Zastrozhin M. S. , Grishina E. A. , Ryzhikova K. A. , Shipitsyn V. V. , Galaktionova T. E. , Bryun E. A. , Sychev D. A.
Published: July 2021

Diazepam is one of the most widely prescribed tranquilizers for the therapy of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). However, diazepam therapy often turns out to be ineffective, and some patients experience dose-dependent adverse drug reactions. Previous studies have shown that the metabolism of diazepam involves the CYP2C19 isoenzyme, whose activity is highly dependent on polymorphism of the encoding gene. The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of CYP2C19*2 genetic polymorphisms on plasma and saliva concentrations of diazepam as well as its impact on the efficacy and safety rates of therapy in patients with AWS. The study was conducted on 100 Russian male patients with AWS who received diazepam in injections at a dosage of 30.0 mg/day for 5 days. Genotyping was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The efficacy and safety assessment was performed using psychometric scales. We revealed differences in the efficacy and safety of therapy in patients with different CYP2C19 681G>A genotypes. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) revealed the statistically significant differences in the levels of diazepam plasma concentration: (GG) 199.83 [82.92; 250.58] vs (GA+AA) 313.47 [288.99; 468.33], p=0.040, and diazepam saliva concentration: (GG) 2.80 [0.73; 3.80] vs (GA+AA) 5.33 [5.14; 6.00], p=0.003).
Pharmacogenetics of fluoxetine
Authors: Novitsky M. A. , Skopin S. D. , Kravtsov V. V.
Published: July 2021

There is a number of antidepressants (ADs) which prevent reabsorption of neurotransmitters in the body. Known together as reuptake inhibitors, they prevent the reuptake of one or some neurotransmitters so that the majority of them is present and active in the brain. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) work at the expense of specific inhibition of serotonin reuptake. Such new SSRIs fluoxetine (FXT), are effective for treatment of depressive disorders in most cases of schizophrenia. The effectiveness of SSRIs is not immediate; therefore, medication can take up to several weeks to be fully effective. FXT is one of the top ten prescribed antidepressants. FXT is prescribed in cases of depressive disorders in adults and adolescents [1], obsessive-compulsive and anxiety-depressive disorders [2], as well as for the therapy of bulimia nervosa [3]. Pharmacogenetic markers of FXT safety are being actively studied. Some pharmacogenetic markers of therapy safety have been established: genes of serotonin receptor isoforms and its transporters (HTR1A, HTR1B, SCL6A4).
Malignant Solitary Fibrous Tumor of Ileum with Intussusception
Authors: Lee Eun Sun
Published: July 2021

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is rare mesenchymal neoplasm of fibroblastic or myofibroblastic origin. Especially, extrapleural SFT is known to be extremely rare. Here, we report a case of malignant SFT of ileum, resulting in small bowel intussusception in a 74-year-old female patient.
Effect of Different Iterative Reconstruction Algorithms on Ultra-Low Dose CT of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Shin Cheong-Il , Kim Se Hyung , Yu Mi Hye , Joo Ijin , Han Joon Koo
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of ultra-low dose 80 kVp CT for the evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in a rabbit model and to investigate the effect of two different iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithms on 80 kVp CT in terms of image quality and diagnostic performance in comparison with same session conventional 120 kVp images.Materials and Methods: This study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of our hospital. Twenty-eight New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: IBD group (n=18) and a control group (n=10). To create an acute IBD model, 3mL of a 5% w/v tri-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid solution was administered to the sigmoid colon of the rabbits. CT was performed at 80 kVp and 120 kVp and was reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP), hybrid statistic-based IR, and full IR algorithms for 80 kVp and using FBP only for 120 kVp. Effective radiation dose, image noise, image quality, and diagnostic performance by two reviewers were recorded and compared using repeated measure analysis of variance, McNemar test, and receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis.Results: Mean effective radiation dose of 80 kVp CT (0.05 mSv) was significantly lower than that (0.285 mSv) of 120 kVp CT. Mean image noise was highest in the 80 kVp FBP setting (60.36) but significantly decreased with IR algorithms (47.02 with hybrid IR and 12.92 with full IR) (P<0.0001). Mean overall image quality score was lowest in the 80 kVp FBP setting (1.57 and 1.46 for reviewers 1 and 2, respectively) but significantly improved with IR algorithms (2.43 and 2.25 for hybrid IR and 4.79 and 4.93 for full IR) (P<0.0001). Sensitivity and area under the curve (AUC) for differentiating a normal bowel from IBD was lowest with 80 kVp FBP (61.1% and 83.3%; 0.883 and 0.967) but improved with IR algorithms (83.3%~100%; 0.992~1), to similar levels as the 120 kVp FBP setting (100% and 1). Differences in sensitivity and AUC between 80 kVp FBP and 80 kVp IR algorithms were statistically significant in reviewer 1.Conclusions: Ultra-low dose 80 kVp CT in a rabbit IBD model is not feasible using the standard FBP algorithm. However, with the application of IR algorithms, diagnostic performance of 80 kVp CT was acceptable and on par with that at conventional 120 kVp FBP.
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) Induced Aortitis: A Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Lee Hye-Won , Ha Hong Il
Published: July 2021

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is widely used as a neutrophil supportive therapy in cancer chemotherapy. Recently, some cases of G-CSF-induced aortitis are reported. Our case patient is a 54-year-old female diagnosed with breast cancer and received adjuvant chemotherapy with prophylactic use of G-CSF. She developed G-CSF-induced aortitis 20 days after the use of G-CSF. The disease was diagnosed with serum markers and radiologic findings. Her symptoms and imaging findings were rapidly improved with high-dose steroid therapy. The rapid improvement of the disease implies that prompt diagnosis with treatment can prevent severe vascular complications.
FDG Uptakes at Unilateral Axillary and Supraclavicular Lymph Nodes and Deltoid Muscle on [18F] FDG PET/CT After COVID-19 Vaccination: A Potential Pitfall for Metastatic Lymph Nodes in Colon Cancer Patient
Authors: Choi Jin Sol , Kim Se Hyung
Published: July 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the ongoing global pandemic. It can manifest a wide range of complications depending upon the severity of infection and comorbidities of the patient. Vaccines are very important measure to provide protection against COVID-19. We report a case of 73-year-old female who underwent [18F]F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyd-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and contrast-enhanced CT for staging of her rectosigmoid colon cancer and was found to have hypermetabolic uptakes in the deltoid muscle of the left shoulder and hypermetabolic left axillary and supraclavicular lymph nodes due to adenovirus vectored vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, AstraZeneca) administrated 18 days ago prior to PET/CT scan.
Audit committee chairman characteristics and corporate performance: Empirical evidence from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Matari Yahya
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of corporate governance (CG) characteristics, specifically audit committee chairman (ACC) characteristics. (tenure, expertise, and directorship) on corporate performance (CP). The study was executed on 44 firms, which were registered under the finance sector at Bursa Saudi Arabia. In terms of its scope, the study stretched over quite a long period of time and observed a considerable number of firms; more specifically, it lasted from 2015 to 2019, and observed 195 firms. The relationship between the characteristics of audit committee (AC) directors and CP has been studied extensively in the past. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated the ACC's characteristics. To the best of the researcher's knowledge, no study has yet studied the effect of CG's characteristics, specifically, the ACC characteristics on CP. The study’s conclusions indicate that corporate governance (CG) characteristics, specifically audit committee chairman (ACC) characteristics (tenure and expertise) are positively related to the performance of finance companies. However, the audit committee chairman’s multiple directorships, on the other hand, has no relationship with corporate performance. Review of literature on the audit committee chairman characteristics used in this study is offered, the practical implications and the recommendations for future research works is also emphasized.
CHRONIC PAIN AND DEPRESSION – ARBITRARINESS OR CONSECUTION OF THE PATIENT'S DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT ROUTE
Authors:   Department of psychiatry and medical psychology, Medical University – Varna, MHAT ", Telbizova Tatyana ,   St. Marina",   – Varna, Bulgaria., Aleksandrov Ivan ,   Department of health care, Sliven Affiliate, Medical University – Varna, MHAT "St. Marina" – Varna, Bulgaria., Arnaoudova Mariana ,   Department of psychiatry and medical psychology, Medical University – Varna, MHAT "St. Marina" – Varna, Bulgaria.
Published: July 2021

Unrecognized depression among patients with chronic pain is a common medical problem, highlighting the need for targeted search and identification of depression-related symptoms. Purpose: The aim of the present study is to investigate the trends in the diagnostic and treatment pathway of comorbid patients with depression and chronic pain. Materials and Methods: 110 psychiatrists and 119 neurologists were interviewed through an anonymous, randomized survey in Bulgaria. Results: Referrals of the patients with chronic pain to neurologists and psychiatrists are not routine practice. The general practitioners are the main group, referring the patients with chronic pain to a consultation with a neurologist (89.10%) and a psychiatrist (68.20%). The patients themselves seek help more often from a neurologist (77.20%) than from a psychiatrist (44.50%). The most common reason for neurologists to consult their patients with a psychiatrist issuicidal ideation and intentions (50.42%) and the least common –insomnia (15.96%). According to psychiatrists, chronic pain patients seek help from them for other symptoms like somatic – vegetative ones (97.8%), anxiety (78.20%), insomnia (55.50%) and depressed mood (54.50%). More than 1/4 (29%) of them have had suicidal thoughts and intentions, which suggests a long history of depressive symptoms. Conclusions: The diagnostic and treatment processes of patients with chronic pain and depression are performed randomly rather than following a certain logical sequence. The creation of an algorithm for general practitioners and pain specialists aimed at early detection of symptoms of depression and related predictors of suicidal behavior is needed.
Thực trạng stress và một số yếu tố liên quan ở sinh viên Răng hàm mặt Trường Đại học Y Hà Nội
Authors: Anh Nguyễn Việt , Ngọc Võ Trương Như , Tới Chu Đình
Published: July 2021

Stress là vấn đề ngày càng phổ biến, đặc biệt ở sinh viên.Stress có thể gây ảnh hưởng tiêu cực đến sức khỏe tâm thần, khả năng học tập, chất lượng cuộc sống của các bạn sinh viên. Sinh viên răng hàm mặt là nhóm đối tượng có nguy cơ cao bị stress do đó chúng tôi tiến hành nghiên cứu này nhằm mục tiêu mô tả thực trạng stress và một số yếu tố liên quan ở sinh viên răng hàm mặt đang học tập tại Trường đại học Y Hà Nội năm 2020-2021. Nghiên cứu được thực hiện theo phương pháp mô tả cắt ngang trên 383 sinh viên răng hàm mặt. Trong tổng số 383 sinh viên, có 256 sinh viên có stress (chiếm tỷ lệ 66,84%), tỷ lệ stress ở nam là 63,45%; ở nữ là 68,91%. Theo mức độ stress, tỷ lệ sinh viên bị stress ở mức độ trung bình chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất 34,46%, mức độ nặng và rất nặng lần lượt là 8,88% và 6,27%. Tỷ lệ stress theo năm học, cao nhất ở sinh viên năm thứ 6 là 73,97%. Một số yếu tố liên quan đến tình trạng stress ở sinh viên răng hàm mặt bao gồm: thiếu tự tin vào bản thân, sự kỳ vọng của bố mẹ khiến cảm thấy áp lực. Như vậy, tỷ lệ stress ở sinh viên răng hàm mặt rất cao và liên quan đến sự tự tin của bản thân, áp lực từ kỳ vọng của bố mẹ.
Repeat domestic and family violence among young people
Authors: Boxall Hayley , Morgan Anthony
Published: July 2021

The ability of first responder agencies to target resources at the highest risk domestic and family violence offenders and victims is limited by a lack of information about the timing of recidivism. This is particularly true for young people, who have typically been excluded from the risk literature. This study analysed Victoria Police reported incident data on almost 4,000 young people (aged 12–18) involved in domestic and/or family violence. Approximately one in four young people were involved in repeat violence within six months, with the highest risk occurring at around three to four weeks. The likelihood of repeat incidents of violence increased significantly with every new event. A prior history of violence (including breaches) was associated with repeat violence in the short term. The findings highlight the need for timely, targeted and graduated responses to domestic and family violence among young people.
Policing repeat domestic violence: Would focused deterrence work in Australia?
Authors: Morgan Anthony , Boxall Hayley
Published: July 2021

Focused deterrence approaches to domestic violence have been developed in the US to increase offender accountability and ensure appropriately targeted responses to victims. While innovative, the model has strong theoretical and empirical foundations. It is based on a set of fundamental principles and detailed analysis of domestic violence patterns and responses. This paper uses recent Australian research to explore the feasibility of adapting this model to an Australian context. Arguments in favour of the model, and possible barriers to implementation, are described. Based on an extensive body of Australian research on patterns of domestic violence offending and reoffending, and in light of recent developments in responses to domestic violence, this paper recommends trialling focused deterrence and ‘pulling levers’ to reduce domestic violence reoffending in an Australian pilot site.
Consumers’ Perceptions of Price Steering in Shopping Online for Tourism
Authors: CHAPUIS Jean Michel
Published: July 2021

When confronting discriminations during the buying process, the consumers may perceive unfair transactions and some untrustworthy providers.  Price steering is a common manipulation of listing offers tailored to a customer’s request. The consumers receive a same-products list in a different order for the same query on e-shop. The study questions whether its performance is related to discrimination among consumers. This paper mobilizes the theory of Justice to explore perceptions of fairness and trust in the practice of price steering. The proposed framework states that the post-purchase stage reveals perceptions intervening in the effect of price steering on willingness to pay.An experiment with a total 883 respondents is simulating an online shopping. The list of options shown online is manipulated. This study documents the main effect of price steering such as a higher willingness to pay and driving online purchasers toward certain choices. This effect is found to generate up to 20% of extra revenue. The analysis also finds a negative influence on perceptions with no difference between the discriminated segments of the market. Implications for researchers and managers: the pricing schemes should be carefully tailored to maintain fairness, as well as profitability, by considering rate parity across online channels and purchasing experiences.
Causes & Effects Of Absentees Of Girl Students In Government Primary Schools Of Rajasthan
Authors:   Assistant Professor,  ST. Thomas’s College of Education, Greater Noida- India, Tyagi Dr. Nisha
Published: July 2021

The major objectives of the present research study were to analyse the factors affecting the educational development of the girl students and the magnitude of absentees of girls at primary level in the Government school of Rajasthan. India. An attempt was made to address the phenomenon of absenteeism in Government schools in the present context. This research was based on both primary and secondary data. The Structured Questionnaire were constructed for collecting data. The primary data was collected from teachers, parents, out of schoolgirls, administrators and focus groups. The secondary data was collected from government agencies, civil society organizations, existing research studies, newspapers, magazines and reports. The data was collected through random sampling method. Here some of the major reasons of girls’ absenteeism at primary school level in rural areas: 1. Unfavourable attitude of parents. 2. Involvement of girl children in domestic activities. 3. Poverty of parents. 4. Gender discrimination. 5. Early marriage and pregnancy. 6. Violence against girls in schools. 7. Funding. 8. Child-domestic labour. 9. Lack of government schools. 10. Lack of encouragement.
Recursos metodológicos que favorecen la intervención comunicativa con niños con sordoceguera utilizando la realidad aumentada: libro de comunicación Yo soy
Authors: González Donate M.
Published: July 2021

La sordoceguera no es una simple suma de discapacidades, sino que supone en mayor o menor medida aislamiento e incomunicación. Es el entorno y no el niño con sordoceguera el que tiene que adaptarse para minimizar el impacto de esta discapacidad y este llegue a conseguir la mayor calidad de vida posible. La figura del adulto es la que da sentido a las producciones del niño y favorece la relación comunicativa. Es necesario crear recursos metodológicos personalizados, ya que cada niño tiene una forma única de ser y estar en el mundo, su comunicación es particular y es la manifestación de su historia de relación con el entorno. El libro Yo soy es un libro de presentación que se dirige al entorno de niños con sordoceguera congénita que presentan una comunicación muy básica y no alcanzan motivación cognitiva. Se situarían en el primer nivel de intervención: la interacción comunicativa. Es un libro físico, fácil de utilizar, que puede acompañar al niño en todo momento y que, a través de la realidad aumentada con códigos qr, nos lleva a información virtual, en este caso a vídeos de comunicación con lengua de signos apoyada, ayudando a la eliminación de las barreras de comunicación y favoreciendo las experiencias comunicativas. En el artículo se muestran los pasos a seguir para su creación e inclusión de la realidad aumentada en el mismo, así como los resultados tan satisfactorios del uso del libro en un caso concreto en los distintos entornos.
Post-war Agriculture in Żuławy versus Changes in the Region’s Cultural and Social Landscape in Source Materials, Diaries and Farmers’ Narratives
Authors: Paprot-Wielopolska Aleksandra
Published: July 2021

On the example of Żuławy, the paper discusses questions connected with postwar migrations to the Polish Western and Northern Territories, and their consequences for agriculture. It focuses on issues related to the development of the region by new settlers and the changes taking place in the cultural and social landscape. The text highlights the region’s character and its economic conditions before 1945, and considers agricultural settlement and the agrarian and social structure after 1945. Post-war agriculture in the region is presented in the light of the cultural heritage described in scientific literature, the first settlers’ recollections written in the form of diaries in the early 1970s, and biographical accounts that the author recorded in Żuławy in 2018.
ARE THE PROVINCIAL CAPITALS OF ĒRĀNŠAHR REALLY PROVINCIAL CAPITALS?
Authors: Cereti Carlo Giovanni
Published: July 2021

Šahrestānhas often been translated “provincial capital”, especially in works dealing with the history of Sasanian Iran. Through a painstaking analysis of Middle Persian occurrences of this word the author shows that it should be translated “city” or “fortified city”
Still Life
Authors: Backman Rogers Anna
Published: July 2021

There is indeed a "miracle" in the 1970 film Wanda. This film has survived, despite decades of neglect, to emerge into the fuliginous light of an era that may just be ready to strain at grasping its harsh and brutal truths -- truths that reveal the imbrication of the psychic in the social and the experiential in political structures. Barbara Loden's film dares to suggest that the social and ethical functions of art should not necessarily be redemptive – that salvation is a cheap and spurious form of consolation that few can afford in this world. This film, made by a woman who knew all too well what it means to be defined through and by her material circumstances (and her relationships to men), and that is so relentlessly ferocious in its refusal to assuage and comfort the viewer, has always been a form of future feminism. Wanda does not brook the comforts of positivity, of aspiration, or even the luxury of selfhood.

This film, Still Life contends, is so radical in its feminist-anti-capitalist politics of refusal that we are still struggling to keep up with it. It delineates precisely how the personal is political and why this matters now more than ever. Wanda, a film about a woman who refuses to be saved or to save herself, who lacks the means and energy to alter anything in her life, who lives in a permanent state of blockage, impasse and failure is, as this publication suggests, the film of our contemporary moment.
To Compare the Dissection of Gallbladder by Ultrasonic Harmonic Scalpel Versus Electrocautery in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Burki H. B. , . Ghansham , Afridi W. , Kumar V. , Hassan A. , Muhammad S.
Published: July 2021

Objectives: To assess the dissection of gallbladder by ultrasonic harmonic scalpel in comparison to electrocautery in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Study Design: A randomized control trial Study Setting and Duration: Department of Surgery Ward-02 Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi between June 2018 and February 2019. Methodology: A total of 110 patients diagnosed with cholelithiasis were included in the study. The participants were randomly allocated into two groups i.e., harmonic scalpel group and electrocautery group. Patients were followed postoperatively in the ward and the outcome was measured at the end of two days after surgery. Results: The average age of the patients was 44.56 ± 12.19 years. Out of 110 patients, 30 (27.3%) were male and 80 (72.7%) were female. It was found that the mean operative time (44.4 ± 3.64 min vs. 53.31 ± 8.09 min; p=0.0005), blood loss (10.27 ± 8.35ml vs. 4.00 ± 3.65ml; p=0.0005), post-operative pain (6.87 ± 1.04 vs. 4.29 ± 1.01 p=0.0005), and hospital stay (31.09 ± 10.58 vs. 24.11 ± 0.81; p=0.0005) were significantly lower in harmonic scalpel group than the electrocautery group. Conclusion: Dissection of gall bladder with harmonic scalpel is safe and easy method and superior then electrocautery and can routinely be used if available. Keywords: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Harmonic scalpel, Electrocautery
Frequency and Causes of Pericardial Effusion in Patients Presenting to Emergency Department with Dyspnea
Authors: Abrar A. , Faisal F. , Rehman M. U. , Shah A. A. , Shoaib M. , Raza M. A.
Published: July 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency and causes of pericardial effusion in patients presenting to emergency department with dyspnea. Study Design: Prospective/Observational study Place & Duration:Cardiac Centre, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS),Islamabad for duration of one year from January 2019 to Dec 2019. Methods: A total 220 patients of both genders with ages above 20 years presented with dyspnea were enrolled in this study. Patients detailed medical history was recorded after taking informed consent. All patients had received echocardiography to examine the incidence of pericardial effusion. Causes of pericardial effusion were recorded. Data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0. Results: Out of 220 patients 38 (17.27%) patients had pericardial effusion. Among these 26 (68.42%) were males while rest 31.58% patients were females. 5 (13.16%) patients had ages <40 years while 33 (86.84%) patients had ages >40 years. 20 (52.63%) patients had small size effusion, 15 (39.47%) patients had moderate size and 3 (7.89%) patients had large size effusion. Neoplastic diseases were the commonest cause of pericardial effusion found in 15 (39.47%) patients followed by idiopathic in 10 (26.32%), uremia in 6 (15.79%) patients, 3 (7.89%) patients had bacterial infections, 3 (7.89%) had HIV positive and 1 (2.63%) patient had other. Conclusion: It is concluded that incidence of pericardial effusion is high in patients with unexplained dyspnea. Neoplastic was the commonest cause of pericardial effusion. Keywords: Pericardial Effusion, Frequency, Causes, Dyspnea. Electrocardiogram
Effect of Metformin Therapy on Clinical and Hormonal Indices of Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Inayat S. , Khattak H. F. , Muhammad M. G. , Robeen K. , Inayat A. , . Fatima
Published: July 2021

Objective: The main objective of this study is to determine the efficacy of metformin therapy on clinical and hormonal indices of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Study Design: Randomized control trial Place and Duration: Study was conducted at Obstetrics & Gynaecology department of Northwest General Hospital and Research Center, Peshawar and Mian Rashid Hussain Shaheed Memorial Hospital, Pabbi for duration of nine months from March 2020 to November 2020. Methods: Total 100 patients of polycystic ovary syndrome were presented in this study. Patients were aged between 18 to 45years. Patients detailed demographics including age, body mass index and socio-economicstatus were recorded after taking informed written consent. Patients were divided into 2-groups, group I had 50 patients and received metformin (500 mg) three times a day and group II had 50 patients and received pioglitazone (30 mg) three times a day for 3months.Clinical (body weight, blood pressure (BP), and body mass index) and indices fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, insulin, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were measured before and after therapy. Complete data was analyzed by SPSS 22.0 version. Results: Mean age of the patients in group I was 29.18 ± 2.25 years with mean BMI 26.14 ± 8.86 kg/m2 and in group II mean age was 29.8 ± 2.52 years with mean BMI 27.64 ± 7.68 kg/m2.Significantly decrease in blood pressure (systolic 105.41±8.57, diastolic 67.19±8.9), hair loss 20 (40%),oligomenorrhea 23 (46%), body weight 74.45±9.72, waist circumference and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) 2.35±0.67 and as compared to group II. Only triglycerides gave results of reduction in group II 115.39±64.11. Among both groups serum insulin, acne, menstrual disturbance and fasting blood sugar were controlled after treatment. Conclusion: We concluded in this study that use of metformin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome resulted in to decrease clinical body weight, blood pressure (BP), body mass index and hormonal indices with reduction of serum insulin, acne, menstrual disturbance and fasting blood sugar but pioglitazone was an alternative effective and reliable method in PCOS patients. Keywords: Polycystic ovary syndrome, Insulin resistance, Metformin, Pioglitazone
Complications Associated to High TIMI Score in Patients with Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Rehman M. U. , Faisal F. , Abrar A. , Shah A. A. , Shoaib M. , Raza M. A.
Published: July 2021

Objective: To determine the complications associated to High TIMI risk score among patients presented with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction. Study Design: Cross sectional Place & Duration: Study was conducted at Cardiac Centre of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabadfor duration of 6 months from January to June, 2020. Methods: Total 290 patients of both genders with ages 35 to 80 years presented with acute myocardial infarction were included in this study. Patients detailed medical history including age, sex and residence were recorded. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score was calculated for each patient. Follow up was taken during the hospital stay and after discharge. Complications were recorded on follow-up. Data was analyzed by SPSS 21.0. Results: From all the patients high TIMI score was found in 34.48% patients. Out of 100 patients 70% were male and 30% were females with mean age 54.25+12.65 years. According to the high TIMI score 100 (34.48%) patients had score above 8 and 190 (65.52%) had score less than 8. Complications were recorded ad Ventricular fibrillation, VT, AF, Heart block, cardiogenic shock and pulmonary edema in 17%, 13%, 2%, 7%, 24% and 24% patients respectively.15% patients were died during hospital stay. 28% patients had post infarct angina, 9% patients had stroke and 28% patients treated revascularization. Conclusion: We concluded from this study that frequency of high TIMI score is high in our setting and we patients with increase score had high risk of complications and mortality. Keywords: High Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction, Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Frequency, Complications, Mortality.
Exosomes derived from chronic myeloid leukemia cells: roles in disease progression, survival, and treatment
Authors: Parkhideh S. , Mehdizadeh M. , Hajifathali A. , Nazari H. G. , Roshandel E. , Mirfakhraie R.
Published: July 2021

Exosomes, biologically active extracellular vesicles, are derived from normal and neoplastic cells. Emerging evidence revealed that exosomes modulate cell-cell communication and involve in hemostatic and pathologic processes. Recent studies have shown that exosomes released from cancer cells such as chronic myeloid leukemia cells could act as a key mediator in tumor induction and progression. Myeloid cells-derived exosomes affect different processes including angiogenesis, neoplastic proliferation, tumor cell survival, and imatinib resistance. These exosomes induce angiogenesis and tumor progression by IL-8 overexpression in both leukemic and bone marrow stromal cells. Exosomes cargo could alter the expression of different adhesion molecules, anti-and pro-apoptotic molecules, cytokines, and chemokines such as VCAM-1, ICAM-1, BCL, BAD, BAX, TGF-β, TNF-α, CXCL12 which affect tumor migration, homing, survival, and growth. CML-derived exosomes can also regulate signal transduction pathways, such as ERK/MAPK, ERK/Akt, EGFR/Ras, and Wnt. Furthermore, they can be applied as a vehicle for drug delivery or sensitization of drug-resistant cells. Here, we reviewed the role of chronic myeloid cell-derived exosomes in tumor growth, survival, and resistance to treatment. Keywords: Chronic myeloid leukemia, Exosome, Angiogenesis, Tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Drug resistance
Aripiprazole or Risperidone for Tourette’s Disorder in Children and Adolescents? Efficacy and Impact on Weight Comparative study of therapeutic efficacy and body mass index of risperidone and Aripiprazole in children and adolescents with Tourette’s syndrome
Authors: Soltanifar A. , Lashkarnevis R. , Ziaee M. , Samadi R. , Soltanifar A. , Kamrani M.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Due to the high prevalence of Tourette’s disorder among children and adolescents and its negative consequences, an appropriate and effective medical treatment with minimal complications is necessary. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the effects of Aripiprazole and Risperidone on Tourette’s disorders in both children and adolescents. Method: The statistical population of this clinical trial was children and adolescents aged from seven to eighteen years old. They were diagnosed with the Tourette’s disorders based on the DSM-V criteria by the clinical interview of a child and adolescent psychiatrist in the child Psychiatry clinic of Ibn-e-Sina's Psychiatric Hospital (Mashhad-Iran) in 2018. A total of forty participants were selected by the convenience sampling method, and they were randomly divided into two groups treated by medicines, named as Risperidone or Aripiprazole for two months. Then, the demographic information questionnaire was completed. The Y-GTSS Scale was completed. Clinical Effect Rating Scale (CGI-Tics Scale) was completed. Calculation of body mass index and medical side effects complications were completed. The evaluation was carried out both at the beginning and on second, fourth and eighth weeks, and the results were compared. The data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 14) through using descriptive statistics, chi-square, and variance analysis. Results: The two groups were homogeneous for demographic variables. There was no significant difference in BMI between the two groups. Despite the positive effect of both medicines, no significant difference was observed among the general scores of such disorders, the overall score of severity, Tourette’s recovery, and BMI of these two groups at the intervals and at the end of treatments. (p <0.05). Due to the low number of complications reported, statistical comparisons of the medical side effects were not done for us Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that the two medicines, Aripiprazole and Risperidone, were effective in improving the symptoms of Tourette’s disorders and its overall severity. However, there was no significant statistical differences between them. In terms of the medical side effects, the statistical comparison between the two medicines was not possible due to the small number of complications. Keywords: tic, Tourette’s syndrome, Aripiprazole, Risperidone
CONTRIBUȚII ALE EDUCAȚIEI FIZICE ȘI SPORTULUI LA ÎNDEPLINIREA OBIECTIVELOR AGENDEI 2030 A ONU PENTRU DEZVOLTARE DURABILĂ
Authors: ISTRATE Marius Constantin
Published: July 2021

Articolul prezintă, într-o manieră succintă, cele 17 obiective prioritare ale Organizației Națiunilor Unite privitoare la dezvoltarea durabilă, cuprinse în Agenda 2030. Aceste obiective se referă la conservarea planetei, la grija față de ecosistemele acesteia și la creșterea calității vieții locuitorilor de pe întreg mapamondul.

Pe lângă abordarea sistematizată a obiectivelor Agendei 2030, articolul reliefează legătura educației fizice și sportului cu posibilitățile de dezvoltare ale societății din alte domenii, astfel încât teoria să se poată materializa în practică. Prezentarea lor în paralel, în acest format este o motivație suficient de puternică, pentru a atrage atenția asupra domeniului de interes și pentru a-l înțelege mult mai profund, și demonstrează că educația fizică și sportul reprezintă un sistem complex de valori, mijloace specifice și valențe, care, puse în valoare în mod corespunzător și utilizate într-un mod ingenios, devin căi viabile în realizarea celor 17 obiective de dezvoltare durabilă.