bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ground-Penetrating Radar for Archaeology
Authors: Conyers Lawrence B.
Published: October 2024

Ground-penetrating radar is a near-surface geophysical technique that can provide three-dimensional maps and other images of buried archaeological features and associated stratigraphy in a precise way. This book, by the expert in the field, provides the basics of the physics, chemistry, geology, and archaeology in a clear fashion, unburdened by complex equations or theory. The reader will be able to understand how the latest equipment and software and the results of data collection and processing can be used effectively in a number of different settings. Both potential pitfalls and successes and the reasons for them are discussed. The many well-illustrated examples, with important tables and graphs, are useful for reference in the field and for data processing.
Practical Guide for Teaching Coaching: Essential Tools and Methodologies for Instructors
Authors: Susaeta Lourdes
Published: October 2024

This chapter outlines the essential tools for a new instructor to successfully develop a coaching course, drawing on the author’s experience teaching this course to undergraduate students. The focus is on providing a practical guide and implementing effective methodologies to ensure a comprehensive learning experience. Critical methodologies, such as practical sessions, debates, and case studies, are discussed to explore essential coaching skills. Additionally, strategies for fostering student engagement and enthusiasm are analyzed. The chapter also highlights the importance of developing critical competencies in students, including active listening, empathy, effective communication, self-esteem, motivation, emotional intelligence, and career development. By following this practical guide, future instructors are expected to be well-prepared to confidently and effectively tackle the challenges of teaching coaching, ensuring that students experience professional and personal growth. This approach not only equips instructors with the necessary tools but also emphasizes the holistic development of students, fostering a learning environment where they can thrive. The chapter serves as a comprehensive resource for instructors aiming to deliver a successful coaching course that nurtures essential skills and competencies in their students, ultimately contributing to their long-term success in both their professional and personal lives.
Aeromonas Biocontrol Using Bacteriophages: A Promising Strategy
Authors: Ansari Farhat , Nagar Vandan
Published: October 2024

Aeromonas spp. are Gram-negative bacteria commonly found in aquatic environments, posing significant risks to aquaculture and human health. In aquaculture, infections cause substantial economic losses, while in humans, Aeromonas can lead to illnesses ranging from gastroenteritis to severe infections like septicemia. The growing issue of antibiotic resistance in Aeromonas highlights the need for alternative control methods. Bacteriophage-based biocontrol offers a promising approach, providing several advantages over traditional antibiotic treatments. Research has focused on isolating and characterizing Aeromonas-specific bacteriophages from environments such as water bodies and sewage. These phages have been analyzed for their morphology, genome sequences, and lytic activity against various Aeromonas strains. Laboratory and field trials show that phages can effectively lyse Aeromonas, making them strong candidates for biocontrol. Phage therapy offers a targeted and eco-friendly solution, improving fish health and aquaculture sustainability. Additionally, phages can be used in food processing to eliminate Aeromonas contamination, enhancing food safety, and in water treatment to reduce water-borne infections. However, challenges such as phage stability, bacterial resistance, and regulatory issues remain. Future research should focus on developing phage cocktails, improving environmental stability, optimizing delivery methods, and scaling up production for commercialization, ensuring widespread use of phage-based biocontrol against Aeromonas.
A Look at the Risks and Threats of Artificial Intelligence, From Media Ecology
Authors: Islas Octavio , Gutiérrez-Cortés Fernando , Arribas-Urrutia Amaia
Published: October 2024

From a historical perspective and a prospective analysis, the article aims to understand the role of technologies and their impact on society through the postulates of media ecology. Through this meta-discipline, we delve into the rigorous review of different authors who see technologies as playing a prominent role in shaping the future because they not only influence the culture of societies, but also impact the course, advancement and meaning of history. The text focuses on the advantages and on the explanation of the risks of generative artificial intelligence, identifying eight critical scenarios: weaponization, disinformation, proxy games, weakening, blocking or withholding of value, unwanted emerging goals, deception and power-seeking behavior. Subsequently, CASI regroups them into four threats: malicious use, the AI race, organizational risks and uncontrolled AI. We end the by drawing on McLuhan’s reflections and stressing the need to scale back technologies when they have reached elevated levels of development to minimize their negative impact. Although artificial intelligence has not reached that state, there is a warning about the accelerated evolution and the need for AI literacy as a measure to face risks and threats, in a limited time before it is too late.

Desde una perspectiva histórica y un análisis prospectivo, el artículo tiene como objetivo comprender el papel de las tecnologías y su impacto en la sociedad, a través de los postulados de la ecología de los medios. A través de esta metadisciplina, nos adentramos a la rigurosa revisión de diferentes autores que ven en las tecnologías un rol destacado en la configuración del futuro porque no solo influyen en la cultura de las sociedades, sino que también impactan en el curso, avance y significado de la historia. El texto se centra en las ventajas y, sobre todo, en la explicación de los riesgos de la inteligencia artificial generativa, identificando ocho escenarios críticos: armamento, desinformación, juegos de proxy, debilitamiento, bloqueo o retención de valor, metas emergentes no deseadas, engaño y comportamiento de búsqueda de poder. Posteriormente, el CASI las reagrupa en cuatro amenazas: uso malicioso, la carrera de la IA, riesgos organizativos e IA descontrolada. Terminamos recuperando las reflexiones de McLuhan y su tétrada sobre la necesidad de enfriar las tecnologías cuando han alcanzado altos niveles de desarrollo para minimizar su impacto negativo. Si bien la inteligencia artificial no ha alcanzado ese estado, se advierte sobre la acelerada evolución y la necesidad de una alfabetización en IA como una medida para afrontar los riesgos y amenazas, eso sí, en un tiempo limitado antes de que sea tarde.
DEVELOPMENT OF CHARACTER EDUCATION COMIC BOOKS REFERRING TO CARIYĀPITAKA FOR CLASS VII BUDDHIST EDUCATION
Authors: Karuna Nanda , Suranto Suranto , Parsiyono Parsiyono
Published: October 2024

Permasalahan yang sering muncul pada pembelajaran berupa kurangnya media pendukung dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter di dalam kelas. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu (1) Menghasilkan produk yang teruji berupa buku komik pendidikan karakter yang Mengacu Pada Cariyāpitaka; (2) Mengetahui kelayakan buku komik pendidikan karakter yang Mengacu Pada Cariyāpitaka yang dikembangkan berdasarkan model pengembangan ADDIE.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (R&D) dengan tahapan Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluation. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu meliputi observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Kredibilitas data dinilai menggunakan teknik transferability, dependability, dan Confirmability. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan untuk data kualitatif yaitu dengan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan pengambilan kesimpulan. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini yaitu berupa buku komik pendidikan karakter yang mengacu pada Cariyāpitaka yang layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran. Tingkat kelayakan tersebut ditunjukkan oleh hasil validasi dari ahli materi yang memberikan penilaian sebesar 90% yang artinya produk tersebut dalam kategori sangat baik, kemudian penilaian yang diberikan oleh ahli media 1 yaitu sebesar 83.3% dan dari ahli media 2 sebesar 86.6% dengan kategori sangat baik juga. Efektivitas dari produk yang dikembangkan yaitu sebesar 89,23% berdasarkan hasil penyebaran angket kepada peserta didik, sehingga produk yang dikembangkan dikategorikan sebagai sangat layak dan efektif digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran pendidikan karakter.
THE MEANING OF PUJA DANCE AS A SOURCE OF LEARNING BUDDHIST EDUCATION
Authors: Santy Dwi Tirana , Dewi Sukhitta , Kiryono Kiryono , Wijayanto Gustriya
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan makna Tari Puja kepada SMB Dhamma Phala dan penari STAB Syailendra. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh diuji keabsahannya dengan analisis data menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman yang terdiri dari pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, mengambil kesimpulan, serta verivikasi. Hasil penelitian ini memperoleh perubahan yang signifikan pada pelaksanaan pelatihan. Perubahan yang terjadi seperti tadinya belum mengetahui Tari Puja dan makna Tari Puja menjadi mengerti. Makna yang terdapat pada Tari Puja ini menggambarkan tujuh bidadari yang sedang melaksanakan penghormatan kepada Buddha, Dhamma, dan Sangha, penghormatan terhadap simbol-simbol dalam agama Buddha, dan menambah keyakinan terhadap Tiratana.
UNVEILING KING ASOKA’S LEGACY
Authors: Medhācitto Tri Saputra , Pannaloka Deniyaye , Barua Satyajit
Published: October 2024

This research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding on the Asoka’s inscriptions, examining the contents, languages and objectives of the inscriptions. This research is a qualitative research carried out with library approach, in which the data are gathered from sources like books, journals, articles and relevant researches by scholars. The Buddhist literatures including Sri Lankan chronicles are also used to provide the information about the figure of King Asoka and his contributions to Buddhism. This research proves that the King Asoka was a significant figure in the Indian history, who was recognized for his impactful reign and advocacy for Buddhism. The archaeological discoveries, including inscriptions scattered across India, offer substantial historical insights into Asoka's reign and his endeavors. In his reign, the king utilized inscriptions as a means to disseminate his message of peace and harmony. The purpose of those inscriptions was to establish the Dhamma or righteousness teachings to the society. The Asoka’s inscriptions are dispersed across various locations in India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Afghanistan, with notable findings in places like Kalsi, Sopara, Mount Girnar, Yerragudi, Dhauli, and Jaugada, composed in languages like Prakrit, Greek, and Aramaic, are preserved in various scripts such as Brāhmī, Kharosthi, Greek, Aramaic, and bilingual Greek-Aramaic.
THE RIGHTEOUS STATE IN BUDDHISM, AS ARTICULATED IN SELECTED DISCOURSES FROM THE SUTTA PIṬAKA
Authors: Dhammarakkhitha Rev Morawaka
Published: October 2024

This research aims to critically examine the righteous State in Buddhism as articulated in the selected discourses from the Sutta Piṭaka. Through qualitative research methodology with library approach, this research was carried out by collecting data from primary sources and secondary sources. This research shows that according to Buddhism, righteous State is not only as a good governance, but also include the righteous people in the society. It is understood that even though, Buddhism directly shows the path to get rid of existence (saṃsāra), but the Buddha and his disciples lived in society. Therefore, the Buddha tried to promote social virtues, duties and responsibilities necessary for a better social pattern. The Anukampaka, Vyagghapajja and Sigālovāda discourses include the teachings required to secure social values. According to the Rajja Sutta of Saṃyutta Nikāya, the Buddha’s attitude was to see a governance that does not kill or harm others. The Buddha preached the king Kosala once that there is no real winner in war, and it destroys social harmony as well. So, Buddhism focuses not only on creating a good governance, but also a society with moral people, and building a good State in the combination of both.
Sustainability Reporting and SWOT Analysis: Case Study PT Asuransi Sinar Mas
Authors: Firmansyah Irfan , Mais Rimi Gusliana
Published: October 2024

This study aims to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of PT Asuransi Sinar Mas, along with external factors such as opportunities and threats, through a SWOT analysis of the company's 2023 sustainability report. PT Asuransi Sinar Mas, one of Indonesia's largest insurance companies, is an ideal research subject to evaluate how major players in the insurance industry navigate challenges and leverage opportunities to achieve long-term sustainability. A qualitative approach, using literature reviews and case study analysis, was employed. The results indicate that the company has significant potential for growth if it can capitalize on its strengths and opportunities while addressing weaknesses and managing threats effectively. The managerial implications suggest that sustainability reporting and thorough analysis provide critical insights for effective organizational management. Transparent reporting helps managers make informed decisions, build stakeholder trust, and foster innovation, ultimately supporting long-term business sustainability.
Pragmatische Ansätze für eine Wiederverwendung von tragenden Holzbauteilen aus selektivem Rückbau
Authors: Frese Matthias , Herrmann Judith , Dietsch Philipp
Published: October 2024

Im Bauwesen vollzieht sich ein Paradigmenwechsel. Nachhaltigkeit und Klimaschutz verlangen dem Bau eine neue Form der Ressourcenschonung ab, die sich zukünftig nur unterstützt durch ein zirkuläres Wirtschaften verwirklichen lässt. Eine auf den Holzbau übertragene Kreislaufwirtschaft bedeutet, dass vor einem selektiven Rückbau der Wert von verbautem Holz rechtzeitig erkannt wird. Dann sollte solches Holz schonend geborgen und für eine Wieder‐ und Weiterverwendung beurteilt und aufbereitet werden. Das Referat informiert über Ergebnisse eines vom Ministerium für Landesentwicklung und Wohnen BW finanzierten Projekts zur Wieder‐ und Weiterverwendung von bestimmten Bauprodukten u. a. aus Holz. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Beurteilung der Biegetragfähigkeit von Nadelschnittholz, die mit einfachen Mitteln nachgewiesen werden kann. Einige grundsätzliche Aspekte zur Tragfähigkeitsbeurteilung von Brettschichtholz und OSB‐Platten aus selektivem Rückbau werden ebenfalls angesprochen. Der Vortrag ist in einem mit den Zuhörerinnen und Zuhörern interaktiven Format angelegt, so dass sich am Thema Interessierte mit Ihren Erfahrungen einbringen können. Damit soll der Auffassung Rechnung getragen werden, dass ein zunehmendes zirkuläres Wirtschaften vor allem auch durch Kräfte aus der Handwerks‐ und Ingenieurpraxis befördert wird.
Identificação e mapeamento de hotspots de acidentes de trabalho no Brasil utilizando técnicas de machine learning e análise espacial
Authors: Gonçalves Raphael Hendrigo de Souza , Santos Wendel Marcos dos
Published: October 2024

Este estudo tem como objetivo principal identificar e analisar os hotspots de acidentes de trabalho no Brasil, com foco em setores críticos como construção civil, transporte rodoviário, mineração, e energia elétrica. A metodologia adotada envolve a aplicação de algoritmos de machine learning, especificamente K-means, DBSCAN, HDBSCAN e Agglomerative Clustering, para a clusterização de dados de acidentes fornecidos pelo INSS. Além disso, foram utilizadas técnicas de análise espacial com o auxílio de ferramentas GIS para mapear e visualizar as áreas de maior incidência de acidentes. Os resultados revelaram que a maioria dos acidentes está concentrada em regiões metropolitanas, especialmente nas regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil. Os algoritmos de clusterização permitiram identificar padrões de risco em diferentes setores, destacando a falta de treinamento adequado e a não utilização de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) como fatores críticos. A análise espacial possibilitou a visualização clara dos hotspots, oferecendo subsídios para a formulação de políticas de segurança mais eficazes e direcionadas. Conclui-se que a combinação de técnicas de machine learning com análise espacial é uma abordagem poderosa para a identificação de hotspots de acidentes de trabalho, contribuindo significativamente para a redução de riscos e a promoção de ambientes de trabalho mais seguros. O estudo abre possibilidades para pesquisas futuras que integrem variáveis socioeconômicas e culturais na análise de acidentes de trabalho.
Autoeficácia das habilidades de comunicação: avaliação dos profissionais da estratégia saúde da família
Authors: Bezerra Isaac Newton Machado , Mata Ádala Nayana de Sousa , Azevedo Kesley Pablo Morais de , Lima Jônia Cybele Santos , Santos Gilberto Martins , Piuvezam Grasiela
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Realizar uma descrição da autoeficácia dos profissionais inseridos nas Equipes de Saúde da Família sobre suas Habilidades de Comunicação. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico do tipo transversal com profissionais atuantes na Atenção Primária à Saúde, com a aplicação do Questionário de Autoeficácia. O escore total foi utilizado para a realização dos testes estatísticos, como o Teste T independente, ANOVA e Post-Hoc de Bonforroni, considerando o valor de p<0,05 como estatisticamente significativo. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 170 profissionais vinculados as eSF dos cinco distritos sanitários, com distribuição paritária entre nível médio e superior. O sexo feminino foi predominante com (68,1%) de representatividade, entre os cargos os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde foram maioria (26,19%), 41,64% dos entrevistados trabalham a mais de 7 anos na APS. Os itens que apresentaram menor média foram os relacionados a dar notícias difíceis (7,56) e lidar com pacientes/familiares irritados (7,55). A análise estatística apontou uma melhor avaliação por parte dos profissionais que tiveram algum tipo de treinamento de HC (p<0,027), bem como, aqueles que possuíam cargo de nível superior (p<0,01). Conclusão: Os profissionais de saúde avaliam, de forma geral, que possuem uma boa autoeficácia das suas Habilidades de Comunicação. No entanto, identifica-se a necessidade de melhoria em pontos como a comunicação de más notícias, e de expansão do treinamento para todos os profissionais de saúde, a fim de garantir a melhoria dos serviços de saúde para o cuidado centrado no paciente.
Perempuan dan Budaya Patriarki terhadap Angka Putus Sekolah (Studi Kasus Di Desa Netpala, Kecamatan Mollo Utara, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan)
Authors: Simbolon Gallex , Sunbanu Benny Ady
Published: October 2024

Budaya Patriarki adalah budaya yang mengacu pada kondisi sosial budaya yang memberikan pandangan bahwa posisi laki-laki lebih tinggi dari perempuan. Sehingga menjadi salah satu faktor penyumbang angka putus sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran perempuan dan budaya patriarki terhadap angka putus sekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara dan observasi, dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari pengumpulan data,redukasi data, penyajian data dan verifikasih data. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa faktor penyebab perempuan putus sekolah yaitu, faktor ekonomi (biaya anak sekolah), teman sebaya dan kehidupan budaya patriarki yang masih kentara serta laki-laki dan perempuan tidak memiliki kesederajatan.
Analisis Dampak Bullying Verbal Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Peserta Didik Di Tingkat Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Fintari Farqah Nurul
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebijakan pemerintah terkait tindakan bullying verbal di SD Negeri Jarakan dan untuk mengetahui dampak bullying verbal terhadap kemampuan berbicara peserta didik kelas IVA SD Negeri Jarakan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SD Negeri Jarakan, Jl. Bantul No. 4,5, Kweni, Panggungharjo, Kecamatan Sewon, Kabupaten Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas IVA SD Negeri Jarakan yang berjumlah 23 peserta didik. Sedangkan kepala sekolah dan guru menjadi subjek pendukung dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif fenomenal. Adapun pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan naturalistik. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menyajikan hasil penelitian secara kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan peneliti untuk mengumpulkan data yaitu dengan menggunakan angket, observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan model penelitian Miles dan Huberman yaitu dengan pengumpulan data, mereduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi atau penarikan kesimpulan. Dalam penelitian yang dilakukan, peneliti menggunakan triangulasi teknik dan triangulasi sumber untuk melihat hasil dari penelitian yaitu dampak dari bullying verbal terhadap kemampuan berbicara peserta didik kelas IVA SD Negeri Jarakan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terkait tindakan bullying telah diatur oleh pemerintah dalam Permendikbudristek No 46 Tahun 2023 yang dikeluarkan oleh Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi (Kemendikbudristek) yang mengatur tentang pencegahan dan penanganan kekerasan dalam lingkungan satuan pendidikan di Indonesia yang dikenal sebagai Permendikbudristek PPKSP (Pencegahan dan Penanganan Kekerasan di Satuan Pendidikan). Bentuk bullying verbal yang paling kerap terjadi di lingkungan SD Negeri Jarakan yaitu memanggil teman dengan nama julukan, nama orang tua, dan berbicara menggunakan kata-kata yang tidak baik. Adapun dampak yang dialami oleh peserta didik yang menjadi korban dari bullying verbal kebanyakan menjadikan peserta didik tidak percaya diri. Adapun dampak dari bullying verbal terhadap kemampuan berbicara peserta didik  berdampak kepada intonasi suara dari peserta didik.
The Impact of Inflation, Stocks, Sukuk, and Sharia Mutual Funds on Economic Growth in 2017-2023
Authors: Wildan Zakariya Achmad , Relanda Putra Trischa
Published: October 2024

This study aims to ascertain, at least in part: 1) The impact of inflation on the development of the national economy 2) The performance of sharia stocks and the expansion of the national economy 3) The impact of sukuk on the development of the national economy, as well as the impact of sharia mutual funds on the same, which are the third and fourth impacts 5) Correlation between the development of the national economy in 2017-2023 through inflation, sharia mutual funds, sukuk,  and stocks. Bank Indonesia (BI), the Financial Services Authority (OJK), the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), and other reliable sources of information provided the population used in the study. To sort the sample based on criteria set as independent variables, the monthly data source is used once a year. Data sources include time series data published for 2017-2023, which is considered secondary data. The analysis of the data is double linear, this research strategy uses a quantitative-associative methodology. It can be concluded that inflation has a significant adverse impact on the development of the national economy (sig. 0.0001 < 0.05), indicating that increasing inflation causes economic decline, in line with Simanungkalit's (2020) research. Sharia stocks and sukuk show a positive and significant impact on the national economy, with a value of sig. 0.0021 and 0.0019 (< 0.05), respectively, which means that an increase in the instrument will increase economic growth, according to research by Radjak & Kartika (2020) and Ardi (2018).
The Use of AI in Enhancing Medical Research
Authors:   Faculty of Science and Technology Kampala International University Uganda, Kato Jumba K.
Published: October 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various industries, and its integration into medical research is no exception. AI has become instrumental in fields like drug discovery, diagnostics, medical imaging, and predictive analytics, accelerating the pace of scientific breakthroughs. This paper examines the diverse applications of AI in medical research, highlighting its contributions to drug development, patient monitoring, and the analysis of complex biological data. Despite its potential, AI faces significant challenges, including the availability of high-quality datasets, the interpretability of AI models, and ethical concerns regarding data privacy and equity. The future of AI in medical research offers vast opportunities, but careful consideration is required to address these challenges and fully unlock its potential for improving healthcare outcomes. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Medical Research, Drug Discovery, Diagnostics, Medical Imaging.
The Impact of Public Health on Health Policy
Authors:   School of Natural and Applied Sciences Kampala International University Uganda, Nambi Namusisi H.
Published: October 2024

This review looks at how public health influences health policy, with a focus on population-based illness prevention and health promotion programs. Public health, through study and advocacy, serves as the scientific underpinning for health policy creation. The relationship between public health and policy development is investigated, as well as the obstacles and limits associated with implementing health policies. Case studies showcase successful public health projects, emphasizing the importance of community involvement, cross-sector collaboration, and evidence-based decision-making in meeting public health goals. Finally, the review emphasizes the importance of continuously adapting health policy to address changing public health concerns. Keywords: Public health, health policy, disease prevention, health promotion, evidence-based policy.
CAPACIDADE DE GESTÃO DOS STAKEHOLDERS NO TERMINAL PORTUÁRIO DE NAVEGANTES
Authors: Almeida Rubia Alexandra Souza , Rosseto Carlos Ricardo , De Souza Willian José
Published: October 2024

This article aims to understand the practices adopted in the management of Portonave S/A's stakeholders, through a case study, using semi-structured interviews for data collection, carried out in strategic functions within the organization and corresponding to what management capacity of stakeholders advocates. The analysis of the results obtained made it possible to conclude that stakeholders must be managed continuously, as they can have a positive or negative impact. Furthermore, it was identified that there is a formal procedure for managing stakeholders, using internal and external structures. The study aims to contribute to the management of stakeholders in Brazilian port terminals.
A Planetary Health approach to the Earth crisis: An urgent call to action
Authors: Malogajski Jelena
Published: October 2024

The Earth is facing an unprecedented crisis that threatens the delicate balance of ecosystems, human health, and the future of our planet. This presentation delves into the Planetary Health perspective, a comprehensive approach that underscores the interdependencies between human health and the health of our planet. By examining the multifaceted impacts of climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, and changing disease patterns, we highlight the urgent need for systemic change and collaborative action. Central to this transformative agenda is the recognition that the Great Transition towards a sustainable future is unattainable without comprehensive education. Achieving a just, global transition in the way we live, build cities, grow food, and plan and raise families demands a transformative change in how we perceive our role and interconnection with nature. Our goal is to inspire and mobilize stakeholders across sectors to adopt a Planetary Health framework, fostering resilience and sustainability in the face of the Earth crisis. This urgent call to action aims to galvanize collective efforts towards a healthier planet and a healthier future for all, with education as a cornerstone of this global movement.
The good side of the recent pandemic: Improvement of microbiological diagnostics
Authors: Jovanović Snežana
Published: October 2024

Background: On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) warned of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 is crucial for the control of epidemic. Methods: In order to introduce a diagnosis and increase COVID-19 testing capacity, on March 27, 2020, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia was reorganized in staff and equipment. We started with molecular and serological diagnostics, and months later with tests for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen (Ag-RDT). On May 22, 2020, mass molecular testing at the National Laboratory for molecular diagnostics "Fire Eye" was started. Several real-time PCR (RT-PCR) protocols were applied. BGI RT-PCR (BGI Group, Shenzhen, China) was used for mass testing. The External Quality Control (EQC) was conducted in July 2020 and September 2021 (ECDC), and in December 2020 (WHO). Results: During two pandemic years 2021 and 2022, in Section of Virology we performed: 5.921 RT-PCRs, 75.807 Ag-RDT for detection of viral antigens, 37.373 rapid tests for detection of IgM and IgG antibodies and 491.995 RT-PCR tests in "Fire Eye" Laboratory. The EQC results confirmed the top quality of our work. For determining Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.2, in February 2022 we introduced Vir SNIP SARS-CoV-2 Spike S371L S373P Kit (TIB Molbiol, Berlin, Germany). Conclusions: In response to the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic from a Department that processed up to 1.400 RT-PCR analyzes per year, we became a Department that issue up to 3.400 samples per day with EQC-certified quality and reliability.
Risk factors for atherosclerotic heart disease
Authors: Maksimović Miloš
Published: October 2024

Atherosclerotic diseases are among the leading causes of mortality in the world and in our country. In the last few decades, there has been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of the disease. Interest in risk factors for atherosclerotic disease began at the beginning of the last century when hyperglycemia, hypertension and hyperuricemia were first emphasized. In later research, the World Health Organization introduced the term metabolic syndrome (MSy). In 2001, the Expert Group for the Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Cholesterol in Adults (ATP III) provided a new definition of MSy that is considered the most widely used in clinical practice, where the presence of MSy is determined by the presence of three of the following five risk factors: abdominal obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, decreased HDL level and hyperglycemia. This definition has undergone a whole series of corrections, of which the definition of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) should be singled out, which tightened the criteria for abdominal obesity, which became a mandatory risk factor and hyperglycemia. It is estimated that the frequency of MSy in the older population over 20 years is over 30%, and in the patients with atherosclerotic disease over 55%. In addition, healthy habits can also contribute to the risk of developing atherosclerotic diseases, primarily physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, smoking and dietary habits. Early recognition and detection of risk factors for atherosclerosis is the most important way to prevent the disease and its complications.
Health risk factors in Serbian adolescents: Available survey data
Authors: Gudelj-Rakić Jelena
Published: October 2024

Background: Adolescence as transitional period from childhood to adulthood is marked with numerous changes: intensive growth and development, psychological and biological maturation. These changes directly or indirectly affect health-related behaviours that may represent risk factor for adolescent health. Surveys are needed not only to identify health risks in adolescents but also to better understand context in which they occur allowing for evidence-based health promotion and prevention. Methods and Objectives: Data were obtained from available nationally-representative studies: Health interview survey (2000, 2006, 2013, 2019) and Health behaviour in school-aged children survey (2018 and 2022). Data on diet habits, frequency of intake of different food items, nutritional status, frequency, and intensity of physical activity were reviewed. Results: According to available survey data, overweight and obesity prevalence among adolescents is on the rise: HBSC data show increase from 17.2% in 2018 to 18.9% in 2022 while National Health Interview Survey 2019. shows that 26.4% of adolescents aged 11-15 are either overweight or obese. Despite the fact that according to both surveys majority of adolescents regularly eat breakfast, less than 40 % meet recommendations for daily intake of fruit and vegetables. More than one third of adolescents eat sweets and drink soft drinks at least once a day. At the same time available surveys confirm that sedentary lifestyle dominates adolescent lives with less than third of the adolescents meeting recommended one hour of physical activity daily. Conclusions: Survey results highlight health risk factors that require further public health action and call for multisectoral cooperation.
Freshwater cyanobacteria: A threat to ecosystem stability and public health
Authors: Karadžić Vesna , Knežević Jelena , Jovanović Dragana
Published: October 2024

Background: The abundant growth of cyanobacteria due to increased anthropogenic eutrophication and global climate change has created serious concerns about harmful bloom formation and contamination of surface waters worldwide, especially water sources used for drinking water supply. Cyanobacterial blooms followed by producing toxic compounds represent serious ecological consequences with a high risk for ecosystem stability and global public health. The absence or rare monitoring of freshwater cyanobacteria's presence (and abundance) and the lack of health risk assessment increases the threat to human health. Methods and Objectives: This research aims to examine the condition of reservoirs for water supply in Serbia from the aspect of the presence of toxic cyanobacteria, cyanotoxins and human health risk assessment. According to the data of the Institute of Public Health of Serbia (IPHS), the supply of drinking water from public water systems that use reservoirs/lakes as their sources in Serbia (17 reservoirs) refers to the following cities: Valjevo, Bor, Zaječar, Priboj, Čajetina, Užice, Vrnjačka Banja, Belgrade, Kragujevac, Aranđelovac, Kruševac, Aleksinac, Vranje, Leskovac, Bojnik. The data from the IPHS cyanobacterial database referring to the period 2014-2024 were analysed. Results: The results revealed that monitoring of cyanobacteria in drinking water supply reservoirs was not been performed regularly. Toxic cyanobacteria found most often in Serbian reservoirs that form blooms are: Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Microcystyis aeruginosa, Planktothrix agardhii, Planktothrix rubescens, Dolichospermum planctonicum, Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi. The investigated period faced us with an emergency caused by intense P. rubescens blooming in the Vrutci reservoir during winter period of 2013/2014, and also several managed blooms in two reservoirs: Ćelije (July-September 2017) and Garaši (March 2016; February 2018). Analysis of cyanotoxins in drinking water were carried out during and after these blooms and showed values less than 1 µg/l total microcystins. In addition to the mentioned species, a large abundance of picocyanobacteria were recorded in the studied reservoirs, which also affect the ecological stability of aquatic ecosystems and some species are potential producers of cyanotoxins. Conlusions: To assess and manage the risks of cyanobacteria to human health, it is important to understand their behaviour in natural aquatic ecosystems, as well as to know and understand the environmental conditions that support their excessive growth and development.
Complex PCR-diagnostics of respiratory infections in A children's hospital
Authors: Tomilova Yulia , Khvorostova Yulia , Ivanov Mikhail , Mikhailenko Marina , Runkova Elena , Makukha Viktoriia , Komissarova Tatiana , Agletidinov Eduard
Published: October 2024

Background: Accurate differential etiological diagnosis allows to select the right therapy or adjust the course of treatment. The aim of the study was to analyze the etiological structure of childhood respiratory infections of viral and bacterial origin using the PCR method. Methods and Objectives: Nasoropharyngeal swabs of children admitted to hospital with symptoms of respiratory disease were examined (n=1443). The analysis was carried out using kits for DNA/RNA extraction and PCR kits "RealBest" (AO "Vector-Best"), designed to detect DNA/RNA of influenza A and B viruses, parainfluenza types 1-4, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), metapneumovirus, adenoviruses, coronaviruses, rhinoviruses, bocavirus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Bordetella spp., Fungi, Candida albicans, human DNA. Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Moraxella catarrhalis were detected using primers of our own design for scientific research only. Results: For influenza A, a characteristic seasonal peak was observed in December 2022. RSV, on the contrary, was detected throughout the entire observation period. In the spring, in addition to parainfluenza type 3, all other types of parainfluenza (1, 2 and 4) were encountered. In children of different ages RSV, rhinovirus and coronaviruses predominated in the youngest group (up to one year), rhinovirus, adenovirus and RSV in the 1-5-year group, rhinovirus, adenovirus and influenza B in older children (over 5 years). 16-36% of samples were virus-free. In 47-57%, only 1 virus was detected, in 16-23% - 2 viruses, in 1-5% - 3 viruses. Some viruses have been shown to associate with certain types of bacteria. Conclusions: The widespread prevalence of antibiotic resistance necessitates precise differentiation of the causative agent of infection to justify the prescription of antibacterial drugs and optimize management.
Epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in the Nišava district
Authors: Kocić Biljana , Kostić Marina , Stošić Vesna
Published: October 2024

Background: Although there are effective vaccines and treatment strategies against hepatitis B, it is still a significant health concern in Serbia and worldwide. Methods and Objectives: The objective was to assess epidemiological characteristics, incidence and trend of hepatitis B in the Nišava District in the period 2011-2020. Descriptive epidemiological method was applied. Data for the study were provided by Annual Reports of Communicable Diseases of the Institute of Public Health Niš. Incidence rates (IR) were calculated per 100,000 inhabitants. Results: A total of 496 HBV cases were registered (60% males and 40% females). Majority of cases were reported as HBV carriers (56%), while 25% as acute HBV, and 19% as chronic. The male-tofemale ratio was 1.5:1. The average annual IR was 12.6, while 15.4 was in males and 10.0 was in females. Incidence trend has decreased. The highest IR for HBV carriers (97.4), acute HBV (56.2) and for chronic (37.5) was registered in the age group 30-39, while the lowest found in the age group 5-9 for HBV carriers (5.6), 0-9 for acute HBV (0.0) and 5-14 for chronic HBV (0.0). The highest IR were reported in the municipalities of Niš (14.7) and Aleksinac (13.3) while the lowest found in the municipalities of Gadžin Han (3.6) and Ražanj (2.2). Conclusions: Incidence continued to decline over the last ten years, which is in accordance with global and Serbia trends. There is a need to improve quality of reporting and surveillance data in monitoring the epidemiological situation of the hepatitis B.
Impact of the COVID 19 pandemic on the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in the Municipal Institute for Lung Diseases and TB Belgrade
Authors: Roksandić-Milenković Marina , Dimić Dejan , Dimić Nemanja , Vitković Aleksandar , Antić Andrijana
Published: October 2024

Backgorund: TB remains the 9th leading cause of death worldwide with10 million infected/year. About two million sufferers die. Methods and Objectives: Aim of this retrospective study was to determine the impact of Covid infection on TB diagnosed and treated patients in Municipal Institute for Lung Diseases and TB in Belgrade when functioned as Covid centre (2020.-2022.). It was analysed protocol of patients treated for TB from 2018 to 2022. Results: 72 were treated for pulmonary TB in 2020, 84 in 2021, and 107 in 2022, significantly less compared to 150 in 2018 and 135 in 2019. In 2020. 8 patients were treated for extrapulmonary TB, 11 in 2021. and 15 in 2022., significantly less compared to 30 patients in 2018., and 29 in 2019. In the period before the pandemic, 31 patients were treated for atypical mycobacteria, in the contrast to the pandemic, only 10 patients. Out of 263 treated during the pandemic 20 (7.6%) had severe form of TB (cavernous), in contrast to the period before the pandemic, out of 285 treatments, 2 of them (0.7%) had cavernous tuberculosis. Conclusion: Our results are in accordance with the official data of the Institute for Public Health of Serbia. During the COVID-19 pandemic, even the institution was the biggest Covid centre in Serbia, special attention is paid to TB pts. Neglecting continued efforts to TB control at any time in the future may be dangerous even in countries with low burden of this disease, due to the presence of resistant, difficult to treat forms.
Association of vaccination status with hospitalization and death outcomes in notified cases of COVID-19
Authors: Šaponjić Vladan
Published: October 2024

Background: Serbia provided five different COVID-19 vaccines for all population and foreign citizens residing temporarily in Serbia, including the updated bivalent vaccines. More than 56% of adult population was vaccinated, while 1/3 of population received a booster dose of the vaccine. According to law, cases of COVID-19 must be notified to the Public Health Service information system as of 1 January 2022. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze association between reported vaccination status and hospitalization and death outcomes in notified cases of COVID-19 in Serbia. Methods: We have retrieved records of all cases of COVID-19 notified electronically to the Public Health Service between 1 January 2022 and 30 June 2024. After removing duplicates and records with errors in data, 471 285 individual cases remained out of which 334 419 had information about vaccination status and those cases were included in further analysis. Results have been statistically tested using the R software (version 4.3.3.). Results: COVID-19 was notified in 164 898 persons that received at least one dose of vaccine against this disease, while 169 521 cases were unvaccinated. Out of all hospitalized patients, statistically significantly biggest percent were among unvaccinated compared to persons vaccinated with at least one dose (p<0,001). Similarly, death outcome was reported statistically significantly more often in unvaccinated patients than in those that were either completely or incompletely vaccinated (p<0,001). Conclusion: According to the analysis of hospitalization and death outcomes in notified cases of COVID-19, vaccination had protective effect against severe disease and death.
Awareness, knowledge, and attitudes of human papillomavirus infection and vaccination among students of the University of Belgrade
Authors: Boričić Katarina , Tošić Mirjana , Zeba Zorka , Tomašević Tamara , Milošević Nevena
Published: October 2024

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection, with Serbia experiencing a concerningly high incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer caused by HPV. Therefore, it is crucial to implement effective public health strategies that should prioritize education and motivation for young people to utilize the available prevention methods. Methods and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the level of knowledge and awareness among Serbian university students regarding HPV infections, HPV-related diseases, and the HPV vaccine. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 344 students from various faculties at the University of Belgrade during the European Cervical Cancer Prevention Week, 2024. Multivariate regression was used to identify factors predicting higher HPV knowledge, including gender, place of birth, relationship status, faculty type, and HPV vaccine awareness. Results: The average total knowledge score of students was 5.60. Female students, those studying in the Faculty of Health Sciences, and single students have significantly higher knowledge about HPV. Among those who had heard about the HPV vaccine, 38.5% believe that it should be administered to both girls and boys before they become sexually active. Most students (79.5%) believe they should consult their healthcare provider before getting the vaccine, and an even higher percentage (92.3%) feel that the state should fully fund the vaccine. Conclusion: Our research indicates that university students have a low level of knowledge about HPV infection, related diseases (such as cervical cancer), and vaccines. Differences in knowledge are observed by gender, faculty type, and relationship status. These findings highlight the need for targeted promotional and educational activities tailored to address the specific knowledge gaps identified within different student subgroups.
Perception of COVID-19 vaccination among Serbian medical students
Authors: Vujčić Isidora , Maksimović Katarina
Published: October 2024

Background: Although COVID-19 vaccination played a significant role in reducing pandemic spread, it is a subject of debate that creates confusion due to contradictory information coming from the scientific community and the media. The aims of this study were to obtain information on medical students' attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination and to determine the main barriers to its acceptance. Methods and Objectives: A cross-sectional study was performed at the Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade during the 2022-2023 winter season. A total of 730 medical students completed the questionnaire in classrooms through an anonymous questionnaire. In data analysis, Chi-square test was used. Results: The mean age of study participants was 23 years and 68.8% were female. The majority of medical students (91.2%) were vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccinated students, in comparison with non-vaccinated, significantly more often trusted health professionals when they recommend vaccination. Vaccinated students were significantly more in favor of mandatory vaccination (p < 0.001), believed that the best preventive measure for COVID-19 infection is vaccination and that vaccines are safe (p < 0.001), while unvaccinated students significantly more often believed that there was not enough time to test COVID-19 vaccines (p < 0.001). As the most common reasons for vaccination, students state the desire to protect the people around them and because of the recommendation of a medical doctor. Unvaccinated students as the most common reason for not receiving the vaccine state the suspicion that the vaccines have not been tested enough and the fear of side effects. Both groups of students received the most information from medical doctors. Conclusions: The present study gave much insight into the willingness of medical students in receiving the COVID-19 vaccines and showed that confidence in vaccines and trust in health authorities motivated Serbian medical students to receive COVID-19 vaccine.