bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF CONDITIONAL CONSERVATISM LEVEL OF BRAZILIANS COMPANIES LISTED ON BM&FBOVESPA AFTER IFRS ADOPTION
Authors: Filipin Roselaine , Teixeira Silvio Aparecido , Bezerra Francisco Antonio , Cunha Paulo Roberto da
Published: September 2014

O estudo trata do conservadorismo condicional, definido como a oportunidade assimétrica de reconhecimento de ganhos e perdas no lucro contábil. O objetivo do estudo é investigar o nível de conservadorismo condicional nas demonstrações contábeis elaboradas segundo os IFRS adotados pelas empresas brasileiras listadas na BM&FBOVESPA. Para tanto, se utilizou pesquisa descritiva, documental e de cunho quantitativo. A população consiste nas empresas listadas na BM&FBOVESPA excluindo-se as empresas financeiras e aquelas que não tinham disponíveis os dados necessários para a análise, o que totalizou uma amostra de 291 empresas. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio do software Economática e o período corresponde aos anos de 2006 a 2010 para obter demonstrações pré e pós adesão aos IFRS pelas empresas pesquisadas. Para que fosse possível verificar o nível de conservadorismo utilizou-se o modelo de regressão Basu (1997) processado no software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Concluiu-se que o lucro contábil apurado em demonstrações contábeis preparadas em IFRS incorpora mais significativamente o retorno econômico que em GAAP brasileiro e que o nível de conservadorismo é menor em demonstrações contábeis elaboradas em IFRS. Essas conclusões convergem com a pesquisa de Piot, Dumontier e Janin (2010), que usando modelo Basu (1997) confirmaram que o conservadorismo diminui como proxy assimétrica de boas versus más notícias.
THE TABLEAU DE BORD AND THE BALANCED SCORECARD: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Quesado Patrícia Rodrigues , Rodrigues Lúcia Lima , Guzmán Beatriz Aibar
Published: September 2014

As últimas décadas são testemunho de mudanças dramáticas, transformando a concorrência da era industrial na concorrência da era da informação. A tomada de decisões baseada essencialmente em indicadores financeiros de carácter histórico revelou-se insuficiente para responder às necessidades da gestão. Dadas as limitações dos indicadores de gestão tradicionais para avaliar o desempenho das organizações, quer sejam públicas quer sejam privadas, é necessário o desenvolvimento de modelos de indicadores de gestão que traduzam todos os factores críticos de êxito. Assim, distintos autores sugeriram novos sistemas de avaliação do desempenho e de gestão estratégica das organizações questionando a utilidade dos tradicionais sistemas de gestão. Entre esses modelos destacamos o Tableau de Bord e o Balanced Scorecard, apresentando as suas principais características, semelhanças e diferenças, no sentido de facilitar a sua implementação nas organizações.
BALANCED SCORECARD: A BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY ABOUT THE ACADEMIC PRODUCTION OF THE2001-2011 DECADE IN BRAZIL
Authors: Fonseca Marcos Wagner , Abib Gustavo , Picolli Rhaoni Florindo
Published: September 2014

Atualmente, além da díade de conteúdo e processo, os pesquisadores buscam ferramentas de acompanhamento e mensuração da estratégia. Dentre as ferramentas existentes, destaca-se o BSC, com aplicabilidade prática e condizente às necessidades da nova economia. O objetivo deste artigo pauta-se na realização do mapeamento de características de produções acadêmicas, acerca do tema Balanced Scorecard, procedentes dos Encontros Anuais da Associação Nacional dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Administração – EnANPADs. Realiza, para tanto, um estudo bibliométrico com um total de 56 publicações, dos anos de 2001 a 2011, baseando-se na análise de oito categorias distintas, as quais incluem desde quantidade de trabalhos publicados por evento, até aspectos metodológicos e autores mais citados. Possibilita averiguar, a partir dos resultados, quais elementos são mais comumente visualizados em produções referentes a essa temática, mapeando o campo para futuros trabalhos
Instruções aos Autores
Authors: Scarpin Jorge Eduardo
Published: September 2014

Autores
Ficha Catalográfica
Authors: Scarpin Jorge Eduardo
Published: September 2014

Ficha Catalográfica
Authors: Miranda Claudio De Souza , Riccio Edson Luiz , Miranda Raissa Alvares de Matos
Published: September 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de traçar um panorama do ensino de temas ligados à contabilidade gerencial no Brasil, esta análise foi desenvolvida para se observar o nível de aprofundamento destes conteúdos nos cursos de graduação em Ciências Contábeis no Brasil. A pesquisa foi feita inicialmente a partir da análise documental de grades curriculares, ementas e livros didáticos, com análise de conteúdo posteriormente. A análise das grades foi feita a partir da observação de 83 cursos, de todo Brasil, nas disciplinas de contabilidade gerencial, controladoria, orçamento, custos, sistemas de informações gerenciais. Em relação às grades observa-se que os conteúdos ligados à contabilidade gerencial, representam em média 12,5% do curso, com variações de 5% a 17,5% do conteúdo. Observou-se também o baixo oferecimento de conteúdos optativos, e que há ainda sobreposição de conteúdos em algumas ementas analisadas. A análise dos livros didáticos indica inicialmente uma concentração das publicações na editora Atlas, seguida da Saraiva. Os livros disponíveis foram lançados em sua maioria a partir do ano 2000, e a maior concentração é observada em títulos da área de custos. Em relação às obras didáticas de contabilidade gerencial, observa-se que as obras nacionais muitas vezes acabam por abordar grandes conteúdos de contabilidade financeira.
Retornos Anormais das Ações Pós-Pagamento de Dividendos: Um Estudo Empírico no Mercado Brasileiro a partir de 2009
Authors: Nagem Lilian Marques , Amaral Hudson Fernandes
Published: September 2014

O trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre o dividend yield e o retorno anormal acumulado no período pós-pagamento de dividendos, considerando instabilidade econômica. Utilizou-se metodologia similar à Novis Neto e Saito (2003) e Kuronuma et al. (2004). Os resultados indicam que a diferença dos retornos anormais acumulados do grupo com alto dividend yield para o grupo com baixo foi estatisticamente insignificante para o período analisado, o que vai contra os resultados encontrados anteriormente. O trabalho sugere que a relevância do dividend yield para o retorno das ações não pode ser explicado unicamente pelo efeito fiscal.
Authors: Matos Eduardo Bona Safe de , Rezende Ricardo Borges de , Paulo Edilson , Marques Matheus De Mendonça , Ferreira Lucas Oliveira Gomes
Published: September 2014

Os instrumentos financeiros derivativos têm sido mais utilizados desde os anos de 1990, assim como o hedge. Devido a sua importância nos diversos mercados financeiros, a Contabilidade desenvolveu o Hedge Accounting, metodologia que busca trazer maior evidenciação e controle para as operações que envolvem investimentos e hedges. Estudos demonstram que países economicamente mais desenvolvidos tendem a utilizar mais a ferramenta do hedge e, por consequência, do Hedge Accounting. Este trabalho busca identificar se há diferenças na utilização de derivativos e do Hedge Accounting em empresas de países diferentes, porém com ações negociadas em um mesmo mercado. Para tanto, foram analisadas as demonstrações contábeis de 2010 das empresas brasileiras e japonesas negociadas na NYSE, totalizando 25 empresas brasileiras e 15 japonesas. Identificou-se que, com exceção de uma empresa brasileira, todas as outras operam com derivativos e delas, todas utilizam hedge como forma de proteção aos riscos. Com relação ao Hedge Accounting, os resultados mostram que, enquanto 42% das empresas brasileiras utilizam tal metodologia para avaliar seus investimentos, 87% das japonesas utilizam. Os resultados deste trabalho sugerem que as empresas japonesas, representando uma economia mais desenvolvida, utilizam mais a ferramenta de Hedge Accounting, assim como suas formas de disclosure, em comparação às empresas brasileiras.
Authors: Alves Teresa
Published: September 2014

As Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PMEs) representam na economia mundial um segmento de extrema importância. Na União Europeia (UE) essas empresas representam 99% do tecido empresarial e empregam cerca de 90 milhões de trabalhadores (European Commission, 2012). Para a continuidade destas empresas num mundo em constante mudança em que o mercado é cada vez mais competitivo, a informação desempenha um papel crucial. Porém, essa informação deverá cumprir os requisitos qualitativos, em especial, a compreensibilidade, a relevância, a fiabilidade e a comparabilidade, sob pena de não ter qualquer utilidade. Neste sentido, este estudo tem como objetivo verificar o nível de perceção que os gestores das PMEs localizadas em Luanda e em Lisboa têm quanto à utilidade da informação financeira no processo de tomada de decisão. Para o efeito, elaboramos um estudo de caso comparativo e utilizamos o questionário como método de recolha de dados. O estudo revelou que os inquiridos dos dois países em estudo reconhecem a importância da informação financeira na tomada de decisões no mundo empresarial. No entanto, em Portugal, o nível de perceção parece ser mais elevado.
Instruções aos Autores
Authors: Scarpin Jorge Eduardo
Published: September 2014

Instruções aos Autores
Authors: Dantas Manuela Moura , Macedo Marcelo Alvaro Da Silva
Published: September 2014

Os recentes avanços na prática contábil no Brasil, com o processo de convergência às normas internacionais, trouxeram, dentre outros elementos, a maior necessidade do profissional de contabilidade fazer julgamentos e tomar decisões. Neste sentido, o presente estudo teve como propósito analisar o impacto da racionalidade limitada no processo decisório de estudantes de contabilidade (futuros contadores), por meio da análise dos vieses de decisão previstos pela teoria dos prospectos em ambiente de decisões com base em informações contábeis, além de testar os efeitos das variáveis formação acadêmica, gênero, experiência profissional e experiência acadêmica. Para tanto, foi aplicado um questionário com quatro perguntas a 215 estudantes do curso de graduação em ciências contábeis de uma instituição de ensino superior da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, que eram convidados a tomar uma decisão acerca dos aspectos abordados em cada uma das questões. Os resultados confirmaram que o fato de apresentar as alternativas de maneira diferente faz com que os estudantes de contabilidade da amostra sistematicamente contrariem o princípio da invariância e que a alteração na apresentação das probabilidades implicou em uma reversão de preferência. Além disso, quando um problema foi enquadrado sobre a forma de ganhos, os respondentes optaram pela opção menos arriscada e quando apresentada sobre a forma de perda, escolheram entre a alternativa mais propensa ao risco. Os resultados também evidenciaram a influência do gênero, da experiência profissional e da experiência acadêmica nas preferências dos respondentes da amostra.
Authors: Carvalho Fabiane Machado de , Colares Ana Carolina Vasconcelos
Published: September 2014

Tendo em vista a publicação de uma nova estrutura conceitual contábil no Brasil (Resolução CFC nº 1.374/11) que trouxe novos conceitos tais como as características qualitativas da informação contábil-financeira, esta pesquisa se propôs a analisar qual a percepção dos contadores sobre essas características qualitativas que surgiram a partir do processo de harmonização das normas internacionais de contabilidade. Considerando uma amostra de 102 profissionais registrados no CRC-MG, constatou-se por meio da aplicação de um questionário, que metade da amostra não concorda totalmente com as afirmações expostas na Resolução CFC nº 1.374/11 no que se refere às características qualitativas fundamentais. Assim, considerando também a Resolução CFC nº 1.082/10, surge a percepção de que as atuais estruturas conceituais da contabilidade podem gerar conflitos de entendimento, uma vez que ambas estão em vigor. Destaca-se também que, por ser uma ciência social aplicada, a contabilidade é tratada com certa subjetividade, o que pode fazer com que o entendimento das normas não seja completamente aceito pelos profissionais. Por fim, os achados desta pesquisa ainda abrem portas para uma reflexão sobre a adequacidade da atual estrutura conceitual básica da contabilidade.
Relatório Anual de Gestão 2013
Authors: Scarpin Jorge Eduardo
Published: September 2014

Relatório Anual de Gestão 2013
Formulário de Avaliação
Authors: Scarpin Jorge Eduardo
Published: September 2014

Formulário de Avaliação
Over de uitbreidingsmogelijkheden van een dierenpension in Grolloo
Authors: Gierveld H.A.J.
Published: September 2014

Over de uitbreidingsmogelijkheden van een dierenpension in Grolloo

In deze bijdrage wordt de uitspraak van de Afdeling bestuursrechtspraak over de uitbreiding van het dierenpensioen in Grolloo besproken en vergeleken met enkele andere uitspraken over ontheffingen opgenomen in provinciale verordeningen in relatie tot artikel 4.1a van de Wet ruimtelijke ordening. Bekeken wordt hoe de verschillende provincies omgaan met de gevolgen van de uitspraak voor provinciale verordeningen en hoe de relatie tussen de ontheffing en artikel 4.1a van de Wro in de Omgevingswet vorm wordt gegeven.
Análise Crítica do Discurso na Propaganda de Lançamento do Citroën C3 Picasso
Authors: Scharf Edson Roberto , Sarquis Aléssio Bessa
Published: September 2014

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o tipo de propaganda veiculada no lanamento de novos produtos do setor automobilstico no Brasil. A campanha publicitria Citron C3 Picasso. A vida elevada ao cubo foi a plataforma de estudo. A anlise crtica de discurso segundo os preceitos de Fairclough (1995) foi adotada como mtodo. As peas publicitrias evidenciaram que a linguagem da propaganda no lanamento de produtos no setor automobilstico de teor emocional. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram o uso da propaganda transformativa como protagonista da campanha publicitria de lanamento de determinado automvel no Brasil.DOI: 10.5585/remark.v13i3.2525
Marketing Informal: Um Modelo de Comercialização pautado em Jeitinho Brasileiro, Informalidade e Empreendedorismo
Authors: Souza Gustavo Henrique Silva de , Coelho Jorge Artur Peçanha de Miranda , Lima Nilton Cesar , Queiroz Jamerson Viegas
Published: September 2014

No Brasil, vendedores de rua e comerciantes ambulantes, atualmente reconhecidos como microempreendedores, comumente, vm desenvolvendo em mercados informais estratgias de marketing no convencionais, isto , com caractersticas de intuio, improviso e ilegalidade. Admiravelmente, essas estratgias de comercializao tm demonstrado bons resultados de vendas, pondo em evidncia a seguinte questo: Que tipo de marketing esse, que no est nos handbooks de marketing e negligenciado pelos principais autores da rea? Partindo desse problema, esse estudo tem o objetivo de propor um modelo explicativo para esse fenmeno de marketing, fundamentado teoricamente e dentro de bases empricas, luz de teorias que abordam a composio psicolgica do Jeitinho Brasileiro, a cultura da Informalidade e o Empreendedorismo. Assim, prope-se um conceito que preenche uma lacuna por sobre as teorias tradicionais de marketing existentes.DOI: 10.5585/remark.v13i3.2703
Marketing Social: Abordagem Histórica e Desafios Contemporâneos
Authors: Schneider Gustavo , Luce Fernando Bins
Published: September 2014

No atual momento em que as questes de ordem social ganham cada vez mais importncia necessrio conhecer as contribuies do marketing social. Existem muitas contradies entre o conceito de marketing social e diferentes terminologias que dificultam o entendimento da disciplina. Assim importante a compreenso das questes conceituais acerca do marketing social, permitindo uma diferenciao entre este e outros conceitos do marketing e sociedade. O trabalho busca compreender como o marketing social se desenvolveu desde sua origem at seu estgio atual e quais so as linhas de pesquisa emergentes e desafios futuros da disciplina.DOI: 10.5585/remark.v13i3.2728
Changes in the lichen flora of pine-tree (Pinus sylvestris L.) under the effect of emissions of cement-lime industrial works and lime-pits
Authors: Cieśliński Satanisław , Jaworska Ewa
Published: September 2014

The effect of emissions of cement-lime industrial works and lime-pits upon the flora of pinaceous lichens is presented.
Effect of mycorrhizae o f pine seedlings on the utilization of different mineral phosphorus sources
Authors: Pachlewski Roman , Gawliński Stanisław , Chruściak Elżbieta
Published: September 2014

Pine seedlings (P. sylvestris L.) growing on the unsterilized sand, with addition of different phosphorus sources, were inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi. Lack of P in the substrate restricted mycorrhizal infection of roots. In the presence of AIPO4 and FePO4 inoculation with A. verna and H. mesophaeum have positive effect on the seedlings growth and survival. Strain of H. mesophaeum intensified the phosphorus uptakc, particulary when FePO4 was applied.
Phythamagglutinis (lectine) of mushrooms (Lactarius sp.)
Authors: Rymkiewicz Apoloniusz
Published: September 2014

48 species of the genus Lactarius were examined on the content of phythaemagglutinins (lectins). Dried mushroom caps stored in herbarium for 8-9 years were studied; 21 species were found to possess the ability to agglutinate human erythrocytes.
Investigation of oligosaccharides hydrolysis by Botryodiplodia theobromae and its implication
Authors: Machoy Zygmunt , Wyszyński Norbert
Published: September 2014

From the hydrolysis rate of the oligosaccharides used it was found out which enzymes of Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. participated at that process and the order in which they attacked the individual bonds in oligosaccharides.
Changes in the lichen flora influenced by the Bełchatów Industrial Region
Authors: Czyżewska Krystyna
Published: September 2014

At the beginning of our study, i.e.. before opening the Bełchatów brown coal mine and the power station 155 species of lichens were registered in the period 1970-1985. A preliminary estimation of the influence of the Bełchatów Industrial Region (BIR) on the lichen flora has been performed. More than 1% of the lichen flora has entirely disappcared, about 43% of the species have shown partial devastation of their localities and numerous localities of more than 35% of taxa have been threatened.
The lectins occurrence in selected Basidiomycetes species growing in south districts of Poland
Authors: Końska Grażyna
Published: September 2014

The screening examinations for the occurrence of lectins in fruit-bodies of Basidiomycetes collected in south part of Poland were performed on the basis of the degree of agglutination activity extracts on human and animal erythrocytes. The results were compared with those of other authors.
Occurrence of Fusarium crookwellense in Poland
Authors: Kwaśna Hanna , Chełkowski Jerzy
Published: September 2014

Paper presents the occurrence of th new spocies Fusarium crookwellense on cereals and potato tubers in Poland in 1985-1986.
Biochemical changes in the mycelium of two Rhizoctonia solani isolates during autolysis
Authors: Reddy M. N.
Published: September 2014

Some biochemical changes occurring in the mycelium of two isolates (one pathogenic FR and another non-pathogenic GD2) of R. solani during autolytic phase of their growth were studied, by growing the fungi for periods longer than 210 days. During autolysis a decrease of 76.4% and 78.5% in mycelial dry weight occurred in pathogenic and non-pathogenic isolates respectively, compared to that at the beginning of autolysis. The mycelium of non-pathogenic isolate was more affected during autolytic phase of growth than that of the pathogenic isolate.
Studies of aquatic fungi. X Some rare species Hyphomycetes in North-Eastern Poland
Authors: Czeczuga Bazyli , Orłowska Mirosława , Woronowicz Lucyna
Published: September 2014

In the waters (river, pond, lakes) of the north-eastern region of Poland the presence 16 rare and unknown from Poland species of the aquatic Hyphomycetes was noted.
Comparison of the growth and some morphological and anatomical features of Rhizoctonia cerealis and R. solani
Authors: Weber Zbigniew , Zdziebkowski Tomasz
Published: September 2014

In laboratory experiments were observed diameter of hyphae as well as the influence of temperature and kind of medium on mycelium growth, colour of colony and forming of sclerotia by R. cerealis and R. solani.
The occurrence of Pyrenomycetes, Loculoascomycetes and their anamorphs in the plant communities of Babia Góra
Authors: Chlebicki Andrzej
Published: September 2014

This paper includes a descriptions of fungi belonging to Pyrenomycetes, Loculoascomycetes,Coelomycetes and Hyphomycetes which were found on Mt. Babia Góra in the years 1983 -1988. Also presented ara comparative studies of thę mycoflora of the selected trees and comparative studies of the vertical ranges of fungi and vascular plants. The investigations show that Pyrenomycetes fungi depend on the plant communities in which they occur.
Application of black salve to a thin melanoma that subsequently progressed to metastatic melanoma: a case study
Authors: Sivyer Graham W. , Rosendahl Cliff
Published: September 2014

This is a case study of a female patient diagnosed with superficial spreading melanoma who decided to treat the lesion by the application of a preparation known as black salve. Persistence of the melanoma was documented five years later with subsequent evidence of metastatic spread to the regional lymph nodes, lungs, liver, subcutaneous tissues and musculature. A literature search has revealed one other case study of the use of black salve for the treatment of melanoma.
“Neglected nipples”: acanthosis nigricans-like plaques caused by avoidance of nipple cleansing
Authors: Kaminska-Winciore Grazyna , Wydmanski Jerzy , Scope Alon , Argenziano Giuseppe , Zalaudek Iris
Published: September 2014

Background: Acanthosis nigricans (AN) develops sporadically or in association with obesity, insulin-resistance and dark pigmentary phenotype. Unusual clinical presentations of AN may be diagnostically vexing.

Objectives: The aim of the report is to present unusual clinical and dermoscopic pictures of hyperkeratotic, brownish lesions of the nipples resembling acanthosis nigricans.

Patients/Methods: Data including clinical and dermoscopic features of two patients with the “neglected nipples”: acanthosis nigricans-like (AN-like) hyperpigmented plaques caused by avoidance of nipple cleansing.

Results: Beside the anamnestic clue, presentation of AN-like plaques in the “neglected nipples” is limited to the breasts, in the absence of involvement of other flexural sites classically affected by AN.Dermoscopy aids the exclusion of a tumor, as it reveals exclusively structureless, brown-gray-black hyperkeratosis in the absence of criteria associated with melanocytic or non-melanocytic skin neoplasms of the nipple. The “neglected breasts” are easily treated by keratolytic creams and hygiene.

Conclusions: The “neglected nipples” condition, presenting as bilateral AN-like papules and plaques of the nipples, is due to avoidance of cleansing of the nipple area, resulting in accumulation of keratotic cellular debris.
Qui peut être théologien ?
Authors: Nault François
Published: September 2014

Dans cet article, je vais aborder la question de l’identité du théologien : qui est théologien dans l’Église ? Je vais aborder les positions du dernier Concile, de Jean-Luc Marion, d’Yves Congar, de Karl Barth et enfin de René-Michel Roberge.
L’histoire est-elle monotone ?
Authors: Chassay Jean-François
Published: September 2014

Cet article analyse trois essais qui forment les premiers ouvrages d’une nouvelle collection, « Documents » (Atelier 10), associée elle-même à une revue récemment fondée, Nouveau Projet. L’article cherche à montrer comment les auteurs (David Robichaud et Patrick Turmel, Nicolas Langelier, Samuel Archibald) imposent leur parole par rapport à l’actualité politique, appuyant leur propos sur le présent. Publiés sur une période de moins de dix-huit mois, les essais se lisent à l’aune des événements liés à la grève étudiante de 2012. Par ailleurs, il s’agit aussi de montrer dans quelle mesure l’argumentation des uns et des autres se démarquerait de la pensée postmoderne.
Mechanistic insight into the conserved allosteric regulation of periplasmic proteolysis by the signaling molecule cyclic-di-GMP
Authors: Chatterjee Debashree , Cooley Richard B , Boyd Chelsea D , Mehl Ryan A , O'Toole George A , Sondermann Holger
Published: September 2014

Stable surface adhesion of cells is one of the early pivotal steps in bacterial biofilm formation, a prevalent adaptation strategy in response to changing environments. In Pseudomonas fluorescens, this process is regulated by the Lap system and the second messenger cyclic-di-GMP. High cytoplasmic levels of cyclic-di-GMP activate the transmembrane receptor LapD that in turn recruits the periplasmic protease LapG, preventing it from cleaving a cell surface-bound adhesin, thereby promoting cell adhesion. In this study, we elucidate the molecular basis of LapG regulation by LapD and reveal a remarkably sensitive switching mechanism that is controlled by LapD's HAMP domain. LapD appears to act as a coincidence detector, whereby a weak interaction of LapG with LapD transmits a transient outside-in signal that is reinforced only when cyclic-di-GMP levels increase. Given the conservation of key elements of this receptor system in many bacterial species, the results are broadly relevant for cyclic-di-GMP- and HAMP domain-regulated transmembrane signaling.
Overview of Mouse Models of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Bey Alexandra L. , Jiang Yong‐hui
Published: September 2014

This overview describes many well characterized mouse models of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Mouse models considered here were selected because they are examples of genetically engineered models where human genetic evidence supports a causative relationship between the targeted mutation and the behavioral phenotype. As the ASD diagnosis is based primarily on behavioral evaluations in humans in the domains of social interaction, communication, and restricted interests, the murine phenotypes analogous to human autistic behaviors are highlighted for the different models and behaviors. Although genetically engineered mouse models with good construct and face validity are valuable for identifying and defining underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and for developing potential therapeutic interventions for the human condition, the translational value of various rodent behavioral assays remains a subject of debate. Significant challenges associated with modeling ASDs in rodents because of the clinical and molecular heterogeneity that characterize this disorder are also considered. Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 66:5.66.1‐5.66.26. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Identification of Genes Important for the Physical Interaction between Protein Pairs through Reverse PCA (rPCA)
Authors: Lev Ifat , Volpe Marina , Ben‐Aroya Shay
Published: September 2014

Cells contain many important protein complexes involved in performing and regulating structural, metabolic, and signaling functions. Understanding physical and functional interactions between proteins in living systems is of vital importance in biology. The importance of protein‐protein interactions (PPIs) has led to the development of several powerful methodologies and techniques to detect them. All of this information has enabled the creation of large protein‐interaction networks. One important challenge in biology is to understand how protein complexes respond to genetic perturbations. Here we describe a systematic genetic assay termed “reverse PCA,” which allows the identification of genes whose products are required for modulating the physical interaction between two given proteins. Our assay starts with a yeast strain in which the PPI of interest can be detected by resistance to the drug methotrexate, in the context of the protein‐fragment complementation assay (PCA). By combining the synthetic genetic array (SGA) technology, we can systematically screen mutant libraries of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to identify trans‐acting mutations that disrupt the physical interaction of interest. The identification of such mutants is valuable for unraveling important regulatory mechanisms, and for defining the response of the protein interactome to specific perturbations. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 64:17.15.1‐17.15.11. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Standardized Cryopreservation of Human Primary Cells
Authors: Ramos Thomas V. , Mathew Aby J. , Thompson Maria L. , Ehrhardt Rolf O.
Published: September 2014

Cryopreservation is the use of low temperatures to preserve structurally intact living cells. The cells that survive the thermodynamic journey from the 37°C incubator to the −196°C liquid nitrogen storage tank are free from the influences of time. Thus, cryopreservation is a critical component of cell culture and cell manufacturing protocols. Successful cryopreservation of human cells requires that the cells be derived from patient samples that are collected in a standardized manner, and carefully handled from blood draw through cell isolation. Furthermore, proper equipment must be in place to ensure consistency, reproducibility, and sterility. In addition, the correct choice and amount of cryoprotectant agent must be added at the correct temperature, and a controlled rate of freezing (most commonly 1°C/min) must be applied prior to a standardized method of cryogenic storage. This appendix describes how human primary cells can be frozen for long‐term storage and thawed for growth in a tissue culture vessel. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 64:A.3I.1‐A.3I.8. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Understanding Coastal Carbon Cycling by Linking Top‐Down and Bottom‐Up Approaches
Authors: Barr Jordan G. , Troxler Tiffany G. , Najjar Raymond G.
Published: September 2014

The coastal zone, despite occupying a small fraction of the Earth's surface area, is an important component of the global carbon (C) cycle. Coastal wetlands, including mangrove forests, tidal marshes, and seagrass meadows, compose a domain of large reservoirs of biomass and soil C [Fourqurean et al., 2012; Donato et al., 2011; Pendleton et al., 2012; Regnier et al., 2013; Bauer et al., 2013]. These wetlands and their associated C reservoirs (2 to 25 petagrams C; best estimate of 7 petagrams C [Pendleton et al., 2012]) provide numerous ecosystem services and serve as key links between land and ocean.
Expanding the Role of Reactive Transport Modeling in Biogeochemical Sciences
Authors: Li Li , Maher Katherine M. , Navarre‐Sitchler Alexis
Published: September 2014

Earth systems are complex due to the intimate coupling of physical, chemical, and biological processes in the subsurface. Field observation and data analysis have provided significant insights into the coupling of these processes. However, mechanistic understanding often requires advanced modeling tools to quantify the role of individual processes while maintaining the process coupling that determines the overall system behavior. As a result, reactive transport modeling (RTM) has been used extensively to interrogate complex subsurface processes relevant to energy and the environment. Existing work has shown the significant research and educational advantages of RTM in elucidating mechanisms, integrating large data sets, testing hypotheses, and guiding the stewardship and management of water and energy resources.
Who Benefits From Your AGU Donation?
Authors: Howard Claire
Published: September 2014

When you give to AGU, you are giving to programs and initiatives that affect you, your fellow scientists, and the entire world. From section and focus group newsletters to student scholarships to struggling communities, there is an opportunity for you to engage and make a difference. Visit http://giving.agu.org to make your impact.
Lohman Receives 2013 Geodesy Section Award: Citation
Authors: Brown Larry D.
Published: September 2014

Rowena received her Ph.D. from the California Institute of Technology under the direction of Mark Simons, one of the pioneers in the relatively new field of satellite deformation imaging. In her own work, she has broken new ground by exploring the boundaries between geodesy and seismology. She has shown how the apparent disagreement between these two data types can provide novel insight into subsurface processes. For example, a discrepancy in seismic moment may indicate aseismic slip. Discrepancies in event locations can ferret out seismic mislocation biases with resulting improvement in global velocity models.
Lohman Receives 2013 Geodesy Section Award: Response
Authors: Lohman Rowena B.
Published: September 2014

I am very honored to be this year's recipient of the AGU Geodesy Section Award. I was fortunate to begin my academic career at a time when there was an explosion of new data types and computational resources. I have been very pleased to watch this trend continue, with the ongoing support of new InSAR missions worldwide and renewed interest in the democratization of access to this data.
What controls the relief of rocky headlands?
Authors: Balcerak Ernie
Published: September 2014

Rocky headlands are a common feature of coastlines but vary in their cross‐shore “relief” (i.e., how far a headland extends offshore from the coastline), causing some coastlines to be more sinuous and others smoother. What controls headland relief? Most models of headland relief are qualitative and focus on the relationship between wave energy and rock strength but leave out other factors.
Underlying scaling relationships between solar activity and geomagnetic activity revealed by multifractal analyses
Authors: Yu Zu‐Guo , Anh Vo , Eastes Richard
Published: September 2014

This paper identifies some scaling relationships between solar activity and geomagnetic activity. We examine the scaling properties of hourly data for two geomagnetic indices (ap and AE), two solar indices (solar X‐rays Xl and solar flux F10.7), and two inner heliospheric indices (ion density Ni and flow speed Vs) over the period 1995–2001 by the universal multifractal approach and the traditional multifractal analysis. We found that the universal multifractal model (UMM) provides a good fit to the empirical K(q) and τ(q) curves of these time series. The estimated values of the Lévy index α in the UMM indicate that multifractality exists in the time series for ap, AE, Xl, and Ni, while those for F10.7 and Vs are monofractal. The estimated values of the nonconservation parameter H of this model confirm that these time series are conservative which indicate that the mean value of the process is constant for varying resolution. Additionally, the multifractal K(q) and τ(q) curves, and the estimated values of the sparseness parameter C1 of the UMM indicate that there are three pairs of indices displaying similar scaling properties, namely ap and Xl, AE and Ni, and F10.7 and Vs. The similarity in the scaling properties of pairs (ap,Xl) and (AE,Ni) suggests that ap and Xl, AE and Ni are better correlated—in terms of scaling—than previous thought, respectively. But our results still cannot be used to advance forecasting of ap and AE by Xl and Ni, respectively, due to some reasons.
Interseismic locking on the Hikurangi subduction zone: Uncertainties from slow‐slip events
Authors: McCaffrey Robert
Published: September 2014

Interseismic locking on the Hikurangi subduction zone in New Zealand is examined in light of alternative assumed locking distributions and the impact of transients (slow‐slip and volcanic sources) on temporal and spatial resolution. The modern pattern of locking in the north is poorly resolved and, based on simulations of possible transient behavior, may be an ephemeral feature of the subduction cycle. While there appears to be some contemporary locking in the northern half of the Hikurangi subduction zone (HSZ), its location is model dependent, and hence, its relationship to structure, slow‐slip, or any transition zone there is unclear. Simulations of site velocities using the 14 year history of transient events reveal that in the timescale of the interseismic period the northern half of the HSZ could be either locked or unlocked, and this may not be resolvable for decades. In the southern half, there is strong contemporary locking in the 15 to 40 km depth range, but again, the slow‐slip history leads to uncertainty in the long‐term pattern. Slow‐slip events not only reduce the long‐term locking by aseismic slip but also greatly hinder our ability to see it. It is within the range of possible models that the slip deficit rate at the HSZ is more uniform along strike, and the modern appearance is controlled by the particular pattern of transients over the past 10 to 20 years when the GPS data were collected. Similarly, uncertainties in surface velocities will be large at any subduction zone with large transients.
Differential distribution of diatoms and dinoflagellates in a cyclonic eddy confined in the Bay of La Paz, Gulf of California
Authors: Coria‐Monter Erik , Monreal‐Gómez María Adela , Salas‐de‐León David Alberto , Aldeco‐Ramírez Javier , Merino‐Ibarra Martín
Published: September 2014

The differential distribution of diatoms and dinoflagellates in the Bay of La Paz, Gulf of California, Mexico, was analyzed in summer of 2009, when a cyclonic eddy confined in the bay dominated the circulation. An uplift of the nutricline in the eddy drove high concentrations of nutrients to the euphotic layer. A differential phytoplankton distribution was observed to be associated with the eddy: there was an abundance of dinoflagellates close to the center of the cyclonic eddy, whereas diatoms were more abundant at the periphery. A significant inverse correlation (R = −0.62, p < 0.002) was found between the temperature at 25 m depth and the dinoflagellates abundance. Based on the temporal evolution of chlorophyll measured by MODIS satellite images, and a conceptual model proposed for the lifecycle of eddies, the cyclonic eddy may have been an old decaying structure. The effect of the cyclonic eddy on the phytoplankton distribution in this small semienclosed region was apparently similar to that found in larger eddies in the open ocean, but this is the first time such a differential distribution has been found associated to a confined eddy.
The Evolving Space Weather System—Van Allen Probes Contribution
Authors: Zanetti L. J. , Mauk B. H. , Fox N. J. , Barnes R. J. , Weiss M. , Sotirelis T. S. , Raouafi N.‐E. , Kessel R. L. , Becker H. N.
Published: September 2014

The overarching goal and purpose of the study of space weather is clear—to understand and address the issues caused by solar disturbances on humans and technological systems. Space weather has evolved in the past few decades from a collection of concerned agencies and researchers to a critical function of the National Weather Service of NOAA. The general effects have also evolved from the well‐known telegraph disruptions of the mid‐1800s to modern day disturbances of the electric power grid, communications and navigation, human spaceflight and spacecraft systems. The last two items in this list, and specifically the effects of penetrating radiation, were the impetus for the space weather broadcast implemented on NASA's Van Allen Probes' twin pair of satellites, launched in August of 2012 and orbiting directly through Earth's severe radiation belts. The Van Allen Probes mission, formerly the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP), was renamed soon after launch to honor the discoverer of Earth's radiation belts at the beginning of the space age, the late James Van Allen (the spacecraft themselves are still referred to as RBSP‐A and RBSP‐B). The Van Allen Probes are one part of NASA's Living With a Star program formulated to advance the scientific understanding of the connection between solar disturbances, the resulting heliospheric conditions, and their effects on the geospace and Earth environment.
A Polyphenylene Dendrimer Drug Transporter with Precisely Positioned Amphiphilic Surface Patches
Authors: Stangenberg René , Wu Yuzhou , Hedrich Jana , Kurzbach Dennis , Wehner Daniel , Weidinger Gilbert , Kuan Seah Ling , Jansen Malin Insa , Jelezko Fedor , Luhmann Heiko J. , Hinderberger Dariush , Weil Tanja , Müllen Klaus
Published: September 2014

The design and synthesis of a polyphenylene dendrimer (PPD 3) with discrete binding sites for lipophilic guest molecules and characteristic surface patterns is presented. Its semi‐rigidity in combination with a precise positioning of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups at the periphery yields a refined architecture with lipophilic binding pockets that accommodate defined numbers of biologically relevant guest molecules such as fatty acids or the drug doxorubicin. The size, architecture, and surface textures allow to even penetrate brain endothelial cells that are a major component of the extremely tight blood–brain barrier. In addition, low to no toxicity is observed in in vivo studies using zebrafish embryos. The unique PPD scaffold allows the precise placement of functional groups in a given environment and offers a universal platform for designing drug transporters that closely mimic many features of proteins.
Photochemical Transformations in Fullerene and Molybdenum Oxide Affect the Stability of Bilayer Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Hui , Borgschulte Andreas , Castro Fernando A. , Crockett Rowena , Gerecke Andreas C. , Deniz Okan , Heier Jakob , Jenatsch Sandra , Nüesch Frank , Sanchez‐Sanchez Carlos , Zoladek‐Lemanczyk Alina , Hany Roland
Published: September 2014

Thin films of fullerene C60 and molybdenum oxide (MoO3) are ubiquitously used as the electron acceptor material and hole extraction interfacial layer for the fabrication of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. It is well known that light exposure induces color changes in MoO3 (photochromism) and the formation of intermolecular bonds between C60 molecules (photopolymerization). The influence of these photoinduced reactions on the long‐term stability of OPV cells, however, has not previously been studied in detail. Here, a study and discussion of the early (<5 days) aging mechanisms occurring in illuminated ITO/MoO3/organic cyanine dye/C60/Alq3/Ag bilayer solar cells under nitrogen atmosphere is presented. A degradation process at the organic heterojunction is identified and the formation of Mo5+ species during illumination is found to adversely affect cell behavior. For these widely used materials, the results suggest that light processing is a first necessary step before OPV characteristics can be meaningfully rated.
Charge‐Separated Fmoc‐Peptide β‐Sheets: Sequence‐Secondary Structure Relationship for Arranging Charged Side Chains on Both Sides
Authors: Nakayama Toru , Sakuraba Taro , Tomita Shunsuke , Kaneko Akira , Takai Eisuke , Shiraki Kentaro , Tashiro Kentaro , Ishii Noriyuki , Hasegawa Yuri , Yamada Yoichi , Kumai Reiji , Yamamoto Yohei
Published: September 2014

β‐Sheet formation from fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)‐substituted polar oligopeptides was demonstrated, where acidic and basic side chains are located separately on either side of the β‐sheet surfaces. For yielding such charge‐separated β‐sheets, self‐assembly of 18 pentapeptides was studied, all of which contain glutamic acid (E), lysine (K), and valine (V). Fmoc‐pentapeptides containing one E and one K all formed fibrillar nanostructures consisting of stacked β‐sheets. On the other hand, Fmoc‐pentapeptides containing two E and two K formed β‐sheet fibrils only when V was located at the center and separated two EK pairs. Photoluminescence studies of these peptides in a glycine buffer containing thioflavin T revealed a clear relationship between the amino acid sequence and secondary structure, where the location of neutral V plays a pivotal role for the β‐sheet formation. The β‐sheet formation propensity was further supported by computer simulation studies with the TANGO algorithm.
Surgery for allergic rhinitis
Authors: Chhabra Nipun , Houser Steven M.
Published: September 2014

Background

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a highly prevalent disorder that significantly impacts quality of life and affects millions of people annually. The most bothersome complaint is nasal obstruction, which is most commonly due to inferior turbinate hypertrophy.

Methods

This work presents a review of the literature and an overview of operative techniques.

Results

A variety of methods are available for addressing inferior turbinate hypertrophy in patients afflicted with AR. Although no single modality has been defined as the gold standard for treatment, the otolaryngologist should be familiar with an armamentarium of surgical techniques.

Conclusion

The inferior turbinate is the initial deposit point for allergens and undergoes dynamic changes through the allergic cascade, which results in nasal obstruction. Targeting the inferior turbinate to augment the nasal airway is the mainstay of surgical treatment in AR. Judicious technique and a mucosal sparing philosophy are necessary to maximize outcomes and improve quality of life.
Skin testing for inhalant allergy
Authors: Fornadley John A.
Published: September 2014

Background

Allergy is diagnosed by a combination of history, physical examination, and confirmatory testing. Modalities for testing include skin testing, in vitro assessment, and challenge testing of the conjunctiva or nasal mucosa. Challenge testing is primarily reserved for research.

Methods

A review of the literature on skin testing methods for inhalant allergic rhinitis was performed.

Results

Different forms of commonly used skin testing are available, including: individual prick; multiple prick; single, intradermal, and intradermal dilutional testing; and blended techniques. Each has inherent benefits and limitations.

Conclusion

Skin testing remains a valid and in some cases superior means of identifying inhalant allergy. Skin‐prick testing and intradermal testing are the primary categories, although different formats exist for each. Caution must be taken to avoid creating a serious systemic reaction by injecting an injudicious amount of antigen into the skin, or in skin testing a patient whose medication profile puts them at increased risk.
In natürlicher DNA wird der Zerfall des angeregten Zustands durch Watson‐Crick‐Basenpaarung bestimmt
Authors: Bucher Dominik B. , Schlueter Alexander , Carell Thomas , Zinth Wolfgang
Published: September 2014

Die Dynamik des angeregten Zustands ist wesentlich für ein Verständnis der UV‐Licht‐induzierten Schadensbildung der DNA. Mithilfe von Femtosekunden‐IR‐Spektroskopie konnten wir die Lebenszeit des angeregten Zustands aller vier Nukleobasen in der doppelsträngigen natürlichen DNA bestimmen. Wir stellten einen konzertierten Zerfall des angeregten Zustands von Watson‐Crick‐Basenpaaren nach UV‐Anregung fest. Durch einen Vergleich von einzelsträngiger und doppelsträngiger DNA konnten wir zeigen, dass die in Einzelsträngen auftretenden reaktiven, ladungsgetrennten Zustände durch Basenpaarung im Duplex unterdrückt werden. Der starke Einfluss der Watson‐Crick‐Wasserstoffbrücken deutet auf einen Protonentransfer hin, der einen neuen Zerfallskanal eröffnet und damit die Bildung von reaktiven ladungsgetrennten Zuständen vermeidet oder deren Lebenszeit verkürzt.