bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing Standard Distribution and Its Tsallis Form of Transverse Momenta in High Energy Collisions
Authors: Si Rui-Fang , Li Hui-Ling , Liu Fu-Hu
Published: March 2018

The experimental (simulated) transverse momentum spectra of negatively charged pions produced at midrapidity in central nucleus-nucleus collisions at the Heavy-Ion Synchrotron (SIS), Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC), and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies obtained by different collaborations are selected by us to investigate, where a few simulated data are taken from the results of FOPI Collaboration which uses the IQMD transport code based on Quantum Molecular Dynamics. A two-component standard distribution and the Tsallis form of standard distribution are used to fit these data in the framework of a multisource thermal model. The excitation functions of main parameters in the two distributions are analyzed. In particular, the effective temperatures extracted from the two-component standard distribution and the Tsallis form of standard distribution are obtained, and the relation between the two types of effective temperatures is studied.
The Influence of Expectation on Nondeceptive Placebo and Nocebo Effects
Authors: Wei Hua , Zhou Lili , Zhang Huijuan , Chen Jie , Lu Xuejing , Hu Li
Published: March 2018

Nondeceptive placebo has demonstrated its efficiency in clinical practice. Although the underlying mechanisms are still unclear, nondeceptive placebo effect and nondeceptive nocebo effect may be mediated by expectation. To examine the extent to which expectation influences these effects, the present study compared nondeceptive placebo and nocebo effects with different expectation levels. Seventy-two healthy female participants underwent a standard conditioning procedure to establish placebo and nocebo effects. Sequentially, participants were randomized to one of the four experimental groups—baseline (BL), no expectation intervention (NoEI), expectation increasing (EI), and expectation decreasing (ED) groups, to receive either no intervention or interventions through different verbal suggestions that modulated their expectation. Placebo and nocebo effects were established in all four groups after the conditioning phase. However, after disclosing the placebo and nocebo, the analgesic and the hyperalgesic effects only persisted in the EI group, when compared with the BL group. Our results provide evidence highlighting the critical role of increased expectation in nondeceptive placebo and nocebo effects. The finding suggests that open-label placebo or nocebo per se might be insufficient to induce strong analgesic or hyperalgesic response and sheds insights into administrating open-label placebo and avoiding open-label nocebo in clinical practice.
Photocatalytic Activity under Simulated Sunlight of Bi-Modified TiO2 Thin Films Obtained by Sol Gel
Authors: Solís-Casados D. A. , Escobar-Alarcón L. , Alvarado-Pérez V. , Haro-Poniatowski E.
Published: March 2018

The synthesis of Bi-modified TiO2 thin films, with different Bi contents, is reported. The obtained materials were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy (RS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), in order to obtain information on their chemical composition, vibrational features, and optical properties, respectively. Compositional characterization reveals that the bismuth content can be varied in an easy way from 0.5 to 25.4 at. %. Raman results show that the starting material corresponds to the anatase phase of crystalline TiO2, and Bi addition promotes the formation of bismuth titanates, Bi2Ti2O7 at Bi contents of 10.4 at. % and the Bi4Ti3O12 at Bi contents of 21.5 and 25.4 at. %. Optical measurements reveal that the band gap narrows from 3.3 eV to values as low as 2.7 eV. The photocatalytic activity was tested in the degradation reaction of the Malachite Green carbinol base dye (MG) as a model molecule under simulated sunlight, where the most relevant result is that photocatalytic formulations containing bismuth showed higher catalytic activity than pure TiO2. The higher photocatalytic activity of MG degradation of 67% reached by the photocatalytic formulation of 21.5 at. % of bismuth is attributed to the presence of the crystalline phase perovskite-type bismuth titanate, Bi4Ti3O12.
Adjunctive Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in Infrabony Regenerative Treatment: A Systematic Review and RCT’s Meta-Analysis
Authors: Saleem Mubashir , Pisani Flavio , Zahid Faisal Maqbool , Georgakopoulos Ioannis , Pustina-Krasniqi Teuta , Xhajanka Edit , Almasri Maher
Published: March 2018

Background and Objective.The purpose of this study was to highlight the clinical performance of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) used as an adjunctive tool for regeneration in infrabony periodontal defects using different biomaterials or performing different surgical flap approaches. Comparative evaluation of main clinical outcomes as probing pocket depth reduction, clinical attachment gain, and recession reduction with and without the use of PRP has been analysed.Materials and Methods. According to the focused question, an electronic and hand searching has been performed up to December 2016. From a batch of 73 articles, the selection strategy and Jadad quality assessment led us to include 15 studies for the meta-analysis.Results.Despite the high heterogeneity found and the lack of complete data regarding the selected clinical outcomes, a comparative analysis has been possible by the categorization of used biomaterials and surgical flap approaches. This method led us to observe the best performance of grafts with the use of adjunctive PRP in CAL gain and PPD reduction. No difference has been outlined with a specific surgical flap.Conclusions.Although PRP is considered a cheap and patient’s derived growth factor, the not conclusive data reported would suggest that its use in addition to bone substitutes could be of some clinical benefit in the regenerative treatment of infrabony defects.Clinical Relevance. This systematic review was intended to sort out the huge controversial debate in the field about the possible use of PRP in regenerative surgery in infrabony defect. The clinical relevance of using blood-borne growth factors to conventional procedures is effective as these could determine a better performance and outcomes despite the surgical approach adopted and limit the use of additional biomaterials for the blood clot stabilization.
Towards Subject-Specific Strength Training Design through Predictive Use of Musculoskeletal Models
Authors: Plüss Michael , Schellenberg Florian , Taylor William R. , Lorenzetti Silvio
Published: March 2018

Lower extremity dysfunction is often associated with hip muscle strength deficiencies. Detailed knowledge of the muscle forces generated in the hip under specific external loading conditions enables specific structures to be trained. The aim of this study was to find the most effective movement type and loading direction to enable the training of specific parts of the hip muscles using a standing posture and a pulley system. In a novel approach to release the predictive power of musculoskeletal modelling techniques based on inverse dynamics, flexion/extension and ab-/adduction movements were virtually created. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, three hip orientations and an external loading force that was systematically rotated around the body were simulated using a state-of-the art OpenSim model in order to establish ideal designs for training of the anterior and posterior parts of the M. gluteus medius (GM). The external force direction as well as the hip orientation greatly influenced the muscle forces in the different parts of the GM. No setting was found for simultaneous training of the anterior and posterior parts with a muscle force higher than 50% of the maximum. Importantly, this study has demonstrated the use of musculoskeletal models as an approach to predict muscle force variations for different strength and rehabilitation exercise variations.
Laboratorio de Microbiología Clínica. Diagnóstico de las enfermedades infecciosas.
Authors: Montiel Avedaño Francisco , Guzmán Durán Ana María
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Hemocultivos
Authors: García Cañete Patricia , Pérez Cortés Carlos
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Reactivation of Mutant-EGFR Degradation through Clathrin Inhibition Overcomes Resistance to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Ménard Ludovic , Floc'h Nicolas , Martin Matthew J. , Cross Darren A.E.
Published: March 2018

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) targeting mutant EGFR in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been successful to control cancer growth, but acquired resistance inevitably occurs, including mutations directly on EGFR, for example, T790M and C797S. Strategies to prevent such acquired mutations by reducing mutant-EGFR expression have met limited success. Here, we propose a new model of mutant-EGFR trafficking and demonstrate that clathrin inhibition induces rapid degradation across a large panel of endogenous mutant-EGFR (Ex19del, L858R, and Ex20Ins). This panel included mutant-EGFR (T790M) resistant to the first- and second-generation EGFR inhibitors and to the third-generation TKI osimertinib and occurs through both mutational (C797S) and nonmutational EGFR mechanisms. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibition of mutant EGFR induced a macropinocytosis-dependent lysosomal pathway associated with a loss of mutant-EGFR–dependent signaling (pAKT, pERK). Moreover, induction of this macropinocytic pathway led to robust apoptosis-dependent death across all mutant-EGFR cell lines tested, including those resistant to TKIs. We, therefore, propose a novel strategy to target mutant-EGFR refractory to approved existing TKI treatments in NSCLC and where new treatment strategies remain a key area of unmet need.

Significance:These findings extend our mechanistic understanding of NSCLC mutant EGFR trafficking biology, the role that trafficking may play in resistance of mutant EGFR to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and provide new therapeutic and biological insights to tackle this fundamental issue and improve benefit to patients. Cancer Res; 78(12); 3267–79. ©2018 AACR.
Impact of Donor Type in Patients with AML Given Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation After Low-Dose TBI-Based Regimen
Authors: Baron Frédéric , Labopin Myriam , Ruggeri Annalisa , Cornelissen Jan J. , Meijer Ellen , Sengeloev Henrik , Niederwieser Dietger , De Groot Marco R. , Schouten Harry C. , Milpied Noel , Blaise Didier , Savani Bipin N. , Gluckman Eliane , Mohty Mohamad , Nagler Arnon
Published: March 2018

Purpose: We assessed the impact of donor type in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients transplanted with 2 Gy total body irradiation (TBI)-based nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen.

Patients and Methods: Data from 1,715 adult patients, with AML in CR1 or CR2 were included in this retrospective survey.

Results: Donors consisted either of HLA-matched sibling donors (MSD, n = 701), 10/10 HLA-matched unrelated donors (MUD, n = 611), HLA-haploidentical donors (haplo, n = 112) or single or double umbilical cord bloods (CBT, n = 291). Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was less frequent in CBT (28%) and in haplo (30%) patients than in MSD (50%) and MUD (51%) recipients (P < 0.001). Two-year incidence of relapse was 32%, 30%, 34%, and 34% in MSD, MUD, CBT and haplo patients, respectively (P = 0.7). Two-year overall (OS) and GVHD-free relapse-free survival (GRFS) were 59% and 29% in MSD patients, 56% and 39% in CBT recipients, 53% and 23% in MUD recipients, and 43% and 37% in haplo patients, respectively. In multivariate analyses, MUD patients had lower GRFS than MSD patients beyond day 100 (HR 1.3, P = 0.001) while CBT was associated with a better GRFS than MSD beyond day 100 (HR 0.6, P = 0.002).

Conclusions: In this large cohort of AML patients transplanted following low-dose TBI-based conditioning, the relapse incidence was not affected by donor type suggesting that the intensity of GVL effects might be comparable with these four transplant approaches. Furthermore, CBT was associated with better GRFS beyond day 100 than MSD while the opposite was observed for MUD. Clin Cancer Res; 24(12); 2794–803. ©2018 AACR.
Salivary Gland Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts Enable Characterization of Cancer Stem Cells and New Gene Events Associated with Tumor Progression
Authors: Keysar Stephen B. , Eagles Justin R. , Miller Bettina , Jackson Brian C. , Chowdhury Farshad N. , Reisinger Julie , Chimed Tugs-Saikhan , Le Phuong N. , Morton John J. , Somerset Hilary L. , Varella-Garcia Marileila , Tan Aik-Choon , Song John I. , Bowles Daniel W. , Reyland Mary E. , Jimeno Antonio
Published: March 2018

Purpose: Salivary gland cancers (SGC) frequently present with distant metastases many years after diagnosis, suggesting a cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation that initiates late recurrences; however, current models are limited both in their availability and suitability to characterize these rare cells.

Experimental Design: Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) were generated by engrafting patient tissue onto nude mice from one acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC), four adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), and three mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) cases, which were derived from successive relapses from the same MEC patient. Patient and PDX samples were analyzed by RNA-seq and Exome-seq. Sphere formation potential and in vivo tumorigenicity was assessed by sorting for Aldefluor (ALDH) activity and CD44-expressing subpopulations.

Results: For successive MEC relapses we found a time-dependent increase in CSCs (ALDH+CD44high), increasing from 0.2% to 4.5% (P=0.033), but more importantly we observed an increase in individual CSC sphere formation and tumorigenic potential. A 50% increase in mutational burden was documented in subsequent MEC tumors, and this was associated with increased expression of tumor-promoting genes (MT1E, LGR5, and LEF1), decreased expression of tumor-suppressor genes (CDKN2B, SIK1, and TP53), and higher expression of CSC-related proteins such as SOX2, MYC, and ALDH1A1. Finally, genomic analyses identified a novel NFIB–MTFR2 fusion in an ACC tumor and confirmed previously reported fusions (NTRK3–ETV6 and MYB–NFIB).

Conclusions: Sequential MEC PDX models preserved key patient features and enabled the identification of genetic events putatively contributing to increases in both CSC proportion and intrinsic tumorigenicity, which mirrored the patient's clinical course. Clin Cancer Res; 24(12); 2935–43. ©2018 AACR.
The Long (lncRNA) and Short (miRNA) of It: TGFβ-Mediated Control of RNA-Binding Proteins and Noncoding RNAs
Authors: Janakiraman Harinarayanan , House Reniqua P. , Gangaraju Vamsi K. , Diehl J. Alan , Howe Philip H. , Palanisamy Viswanathan
Published: March 2018

RNA-binding proteins (RBP) and noncoding RNAs (ncRNA), such as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) and microRNAs (miRNA), control co- and posttranscriptional gene regulation (PTR). At the PTR level, RBPs and ncRNAs contribute to pre-mRNA processing, mRNA maturation, transport, localization, turnover, and translation. Deregulation of RBPs and ncRNAs promotes the onset of cancer progression and metastasis. Both RBPs and ncRNAs are altered by signaling cascades to cooperate or compete with each other to bind their nucleic acid targets. Most importantly, transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signaling plays a significant role in controlling gene expression patterns by targeting RBPs and ncRNAs. Because of TGFβ signaling in cancer, RBP-RNA or RNA-RNA interactions are altered and cause enhanced cell growth and tumor cell dissemination. This review focuses on the emerging concepts of TGFβ signaling on posttranscriptional gene regulation and highlights the implications of RBPs and ncRNAs in cancer progression and metastasis. Mol Cancer Res; 16(4); 567–79. ©2018 AACR.
Baicalin Augments Hyperthermia-Induced Apoptosis in U937 Cells and Modulates the MAPK Pathway via ROS Generation
Authors: Zakki Shahbaz Ahmad , Cui Zheng-Guo , Sun Lu , Feng Qian-Wen , Li Meng-Ling , Inadera Hidekuni
Published: March 2018

Background/Aims: Hyperthermia is a widely used therapeutic tool for cancer therapy and a well-known inducer of apoptosis. Although the flavonoid compound baicalin (BCN) is a potent anticancer agent for several human carcinomas, it is less potent in the human U937 myelomonocytic leukemia cell line. To explore any enhancing effects of BCN on hyperthermia-induced apoptosis, this study investigated the combined effects and apoptotic mechanisms of hyperthermia and BCN in U937 cells. Methods: U937 cells were heat treated at 44ºC for 12 min with or without pre-treatment with BCN (10-50 µM) and then incubated for 6 h at 37 ºC with 5% CO2 and 95% air. Cell viability was analyzed by Trypan blue exclusion assay. Apoptosis was examined by DNA fragmentation, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Generation of mitochondrial trans-membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial calcium, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also detected by flow cytometry. The expression of proteins related to apoptosis and signaling pathways was determined by western blotting. Results: Hyperthermia alone did not reduce cell viability or induce notable levels of apoptosis, but combined hyperthermia and BCN treatment markedly augmented apoptosis by upregulating proapoptotic proteins and suppressing antiapoptotic proteins, culminating in caspase-3 activation. Mitochondrial transmembrane potential was significantly decreased, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppression of antioxidant enzymes were marked. Furthermore, with the combined treatment, the phosphorylated forms of JNK and p38 showed increased expression, whereas AKT was dephosphorylated. JNK-IN-8 (a JNK inhibitor) and NAC (a ROS scavenger) abrogated the apoptotic effects of the combined treatment, significantly protecting the cells and indicating the involvement of high ROS generation and the MAPK pathway in the underlying molecular mechanism. Conclusion: This study provides compelling evidence that hyperthermia, in combination with BCN, is a promising therapeutic strategy for enhancement of apoptosis and suggest a promising therapeutic approach for cancer.
Alkannin Inhibited Hepatic Inflammation in Diabetic Db/Db Mice
Authors: Xue Wenhua , Fan Zhirui , Li Yuanzhe , Li Lifeng , Zhang Tengfei , Lu Jingli , Ma Bingjun , Zhu Zijia , Lian Jingyao , Zhang Chaoqi , Song Xiaoqin , Sun Dongxu , Zhai Yunkai , Fan Ruitai , Cao Yang , Deng Xiaoming , Zhao Jie
Published: March 2018

Background/Aims: The current study was designed to investigate the protective role of alkannin (ALK) on liver injury in diabetic C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice and explore its potential mechanisms. Methods: An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. The levels of insulin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) were determined by commercial kits. The pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were determined by ELISA. The levels of the ROCK/NF-κB pathway were determined by Western blotting. Results: The contents of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were inhibited by ALK, metformin or fasudil in diabetic db/db mice. Further, Western blotting analysis showed that the expression of Rho, ROCK1, ROCK2, p-NF-κBp65, and p-IκBα was significantly reversed by ALK treatment. In human hepatic HepG2 cells, the hepatoprotective effects of ALK were further characterized. With response to palmitic acid-challenge, increased amounts of insulin, ALT, AST, TG, and TC were observed, whereas ALK pretreatment significantly inhibited their leakage in HepG2 cells without appreciable cytotoxic effects. The inflammation condition was recovered with ALK treatment as shown by changes of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Further, Western blotting analysis also suggested that ALK improves hepatic inflammation in a Rho-kinase pathway. Conclusion: The present study successfully investigated the role of Rho-kinase signalling in diabetic liver injury. ALK exhibited hepatoprotective effects in diabetic db/db mice, and it might act through improving hepatic inflammation through the Rho-kinase pathway.
AT1-AA (Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Agonistic Autoantibody) Blockade Prevents Preeclamptic Symptoms in Placental Ischemic Rats
Authors: Cunningham Mark W. , Castillo Javier , Ibrahim Tarek , Cornelius Denise C. , Campbell Nathan , Amaral Lorena , Vaka Venkata Ramana , Usry Nathan , Williams Jan M. , LaMarca Babbette
Published: March 2018

Women with preeclampsia produce AT1-AA (agonistic autoantibodies to the angiotensin II type 1 receptor), which stimulate reactive oxygen species, inflammatory factors, and hypertensive mechanisms (ET [endothelin] and sFlt-1 [soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1]) in rodent models of preeclampsia. The placental ischemic reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model of preeclampsia exhibits many of these features. In this study, we examined the maternal outcomes of AT1-AA inhibition (‵n7AAc′) in RUPP rats. Blood pressure was higher in RUPP rats versus normal pregnant (NP) rats (123±2 versus 99±2 mm Hg,
P
<0.05), which was reduced in RUPP+‵n7AAc′ (105±3 versus 123±2 mm Hg,
P
<0.05 versus RUPP). Uterine artery resistant index was increased in RUPP versus NP rats (0.71±0.02 versus 0.49±0.02,
P
<0.05) and normalized in RUPP+‵n7AAc′ rats (0.55±0.03). Antiangiogenic factor sFlt-1 was elevated in RUPP versus NP rats (176±37 versus 77±15 pg/mL,
P
<0.05) but normalized in RUPP+‵n7AAc′ (86±9,
P
=0.05 versus RUPP). Plasma nitrate and nitrite were decreased (14±1 versus 20±1 µMNO
3
,
P
<0.05) and isoprostanes were elevated (20 117±6304 versus 2809±1375 pg/mL,
P
<0.05) in RUPP versus NP rats; and normalized in RUPP+‵n7AAc′ rats; (18±2 µMNO
3
; 4311±1 pg/mL). PPET-1 (preproendothelin-1) expression increased 4-fold in RUPP versus NP rats which were prevented with ‵n7AAc′. Importantly, placental cytolytic natural killer cells were elevated in RUPP versus NP rats (8±2% versus 2±2% gated,
P
<0.05), which was prevented in RUPP+‵n7AAc′ total (3±1% gated,
P
<0.05) In conclusion, AT1-AA inhibition prevents the rise in maternal blood pressure and several pathophysiological factors associated with preeclampsia in RUPP rats and could be a potential therapy for preeclampsia.
1980-2000 DÖNEMİNDE İMALAT SANAYİİNDE YAPISAL DEĞİŞİM
Authors: KURTOĞLU Yusuf
Published: March 2018

Finans

sektörü ve dış ticarette dünya ölçeğinde artan serbestleşme, ekonomilerin

uluslararası düzeyde bütünleşme sürecini hızlandırmıştır. Serbest ticaretin

temel öngörüsü, gelişmekte olan ülkelerin büyüyen piyasa koşullarından olumlu

yönde etkilenecekleri varsayımıdır. 1980’li yılların başından itibaren

uygulamaya konulan ihracata dayalı sanayileşme ve serbest dış ticaret

politikaları Türkiye’nin sanayi sektörünün gelişimi ve ekonomik büyümesini

olumlu yönde etkilemiştir. 1990’lı yıllara gelindiğinde Türkiye imalat sanayinin

rekabet gücü de pozitif bir gelişim göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, Sektördeki

sermaye yapısına bakıldığında, öz kaynak oranlarında azalış meydana geldiği

gözlemlenmektedir. Bu durum sektörde yatırımları ve ileri teknoloji ürünü

ihracatını olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. Serbestleşmeye rağmen, doğrudan yabancı

sermaye yatırımlarında istenilen düzeye ulaşılamamış olunmakla birlikte,

AB-Gümrük Birliği’nin yürürlüğe girmesinden sonra ekonomik faaliyetlerde

küresel düzeyde bütünleşme yolunda gelişim meydana gelmiştir.
“American Public Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics: The Genesis of the China Lobby in the United States, and how Missionaries Shifted American Foreign Policy between 1938 and 1941”
Authors: Erskine Kristopher C.
Published: March 2018

The China Lobby in the United States attracted much scholarly attention after 1945, yet it found its footing in the late 1930s and played a critical role in re-shaping American public opinion prior to World War ii. Historians have devoted relatively little time to investigating this earlier period. The overwhelming majority of China’s lobbyists during these early years were American missionaries who the Chinese government often funded and managed. This article examines the role of two of those missionaries—Frank and Harry Price—and their American Committee for Non-Participation in Japanese Aggression. It relies on research in Taiwan, China, and in archives across the United States. The author also has interviewed members of the Price family, as well as former associates of Frank Price in the United States, Taiwan, and China. The evidence this article presents demonstrates that while difficult to quantify, the Price brothers played a crucial role in helping to re-shape American public opinion about China between 1938 and 1941.
The South American spider genera Mesabolivar and Carapoia (Araneae,
Pholcidae): new species and a framework for redrawing generic limits
Authors: HUBER BERNHARD A.
Published: March 2018

The South American genera Mesabolivar González-Sponga, 1998 and Carapoia González-Sponga, 1998 are among the most species-rich pholcid genera in the Neotropics. Representatives of both genera occupy a wide range of microhabitats from the leaf litter to high among the vegetation, resulting in a morphological and behavioral diversity that complicates not only identification in the field but also the establishment of generic limits. The present paper is primarily an effort to improve the foundation for future work on these genera by describing new species and unknown sexes, by redescribing poorly known species, and by adding distribution data for known species. In order to provide some structure for the 72 species treated herein, the genera are divided into operational species groups, based in part on previous morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses, in part on similarity. The following 47 species are newly described. In Mesabolivar: M. acrensis, M. amadoi, M. amanaye, M. amazonicus, M. baianus, M. bico, M. bicuspis, M. borgesi, M. buraquinho, M. camacan, M. catarinensis, M. chapeco, M. claricae, M. constrictus, M. guaycolec, M. inmanis, M. itajai, M. jamari, M. kaingang, M. madalena, M. macushi, M. maraba, M. mimoso, M. murici, M. niteroi, M. pallens, M. saci, M. sepitus, M. serrapelada, M. similis, M. tabatinga, M. tapajos, M. turvo, M. yucuma. In Carapoia: C. agilis, C. bispina, C. djavani, C. exigua, C. kaxinawa, C. maculata, C. munduruku, C. pulchra, C. rubra, C. suassunai, C. tapajos, C. tenuis, C. utinga. Three poorly known species are redescribed in detail: M. spinosus (González-Sponga, 2005), M. anseriformis (González-Sponga, 2011), and M. azureus (Badcock, 1932). The previously unknown females are described for M. anseriformis and M. rudilapsi Machado et al., 2007; the previously unknown male is described for M. argentinensis (Mello-Leitão, 1938). The monotypic genus Teuia Huber, 2000 is newly synonymized with Mesabolivar, resulting in the new combination Mesabolivar beckeri (Huber, 2000). Psilochorus fluminensis Mello-Leitão, 1918 and Blechroscelis aurantia Mello-Leitão, 1940 are newly synonymized with Mesabolivar togatus (Keyserling, 1891). Three species are formally transferred from Mesabolivar to Carapoia: C. cambridgei (Mello-Leitão, 1947), C. lutea (Keyserling, 1891), and C. levii (Huber, 2000).
Trilobites and agnostids from the Goyder Formation (Cambrian Series 3, Guzhangian; Mindyallan), Amadeus Basin, central Australia
Authors: SMITH PATRICK M. , PATERSON JOHN R. , BROCK GLENN A.
Published: March 2018

A new assemblage containing twenty-two species of trilobites and agnostids is described from the Goyder Formation (Cambrian Series 3) in the Ross River Syncline and Gardiner Ranges of the Amadeus Basin, Northern Territory, central Australia. New trilobite taxa described include the genus, Trephina gen. nov., and four new species Adelogonus prichardi sp. nov., Hebeia stewarti sp. nov., Liostracina joyceae sp. nov., and Trephina ranfordi sp. nov. Two agnostid taxa previously known only from Antarctica, Ammagnostus antarcticus Bentley, Jago & Cooper, 2009 and Hadragnostus helixensis Jago & Cooper, 2005, are also documented. Of the two agnostid species, the latter is the most age diagnostic, previously reported from the Cambrian Series 3 (Guzhangian; late Mindyallan; Glyptagnostus stolidotus Zone) Spurs Formation in Northern Victoria Land. This age for the Goyder Formation assemblage is supported by the co-occurrence of the trilobites Biaverta reineri Öpik, 1967, Blackwelderia repanda Öpik, 1967, Henadoparia integra Öpik, 1967, Monkaspis cf. travesi (Öpik, 1967), Nomadinis pristinus Öpik, 1967, Paraacidaspis? priscilla (Öpik, 1967), and Polycyrtaspis cf. flexuosa Öpik, 1967, also known from the late Mindyallan (G. stolidotus Zone) successions of the neighbouring Georgina Basin (Northern Territory and Queensland). The generic assemblage of the Goyder Formation is also similar to those from the Guzhangian (Mindyallan) of other parts of Australia (New South Wales, South Australia, and Western Australia), in addition to East Antarctica and North and South China.
The sea lice (Copepoda: Caligidae) of Moreton Bay (Queensland, Australia), with descriptions of thirteen new species
Authors: BOXSHALL GEOFF
Published: March 2018

Fifty species of sea lice, members of the family Caligidae, were collected from the marine fishes of Moreton Bay, Queensland, during two workshops held in 2016. Only 21 of these species had previously been reported from Australian waters: of the remaining 29 species, 13 are new to science and another 16 are recorded from Australia for the first time. An illustrated differential diagnosis is presented for well known species; but for new or poorly known species a full description is provided. The 13 new species are: Anuretes amplus sp. nov. and A. amymichaelae sp. nov., both from Diagramma pictum (Thunberg, 1792); Caligus abigailae sp. nov. from Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier, 1829; C. elasmobranchi sp. nov. from Himantura uarnak (Gmelin, 1789), H. toshi Whitley, 1939, Dasyatis fluviorum Ogilby, 1908, Aetobatus ocellatus (Kuhl, 1823) and Pastinachus atrus (Macleay, 1883); C. hyporhamphi sp. nov. from Hyporhamphus quoyi (Valenciennes, 1847); C. nataliae sp. nov. from Herklotsichthys castelnaui (Ogilby, 1897) and Neoarius graeffei (Kner & Steindachner, 1867); C. neoaricolus sp. nov. and C. paranengai sp. nov. both from Neoarius graeffei; C. pseudorhombi sp. nov. from Pseudorhombus arsius (Hamilton, 1822); C. turbidus sp. nov. from Tripodichthys angustifrons (Hollard, 1854); C. upenei sp. nov. from Upeneus tragula Richardson, 1846; Lepeophtheirus robertae sp. nov. from Scarus ghobbhan Forsskål, 1775 and Pupulina keiri sp. nov. from Aetobatus ocellatus. The rare species Caligodes alatus Heegaard, 1945 is redescribed and transferred to the genus Caligus Müller, 1785, but requires a replacement name due to secondary homonymy: Caligus alepicolus nom. nov. is proposed. Similarly, Parapetalus spinosus Byrnes, 1986 is redescribed and transferred to the genus Caligus where it becomes a secondary homonym: the replacement name Caligus seriolicolus nom. nov. is proposed. Five large species-groups within the genus Caligus are recognised here on the basis of suites of morphological character states. They are based around the following species: C. bonito Wilson, 1905, C. confusus Pillai, 1961, C. diaphanus von Nordmann, 1832, C. macarovi Gusev, 1951 and C. productus Dana, 1852. These species-groups can be used to navigate this relatively large genus, but their monophyletic status should not be assumed.
The Geographic Dimension of Citizenship in Digital Activism: Analysis of the Relationships Among Local and Global Citizenship, the Use of Social Networking Sites, and Participation in the Occupy Movement
Authors: Baek Kanghui
Published: March 2018

This case study of the Occupy movement examines how different geographic forms of self-perceived citizenship—local and global citizenship—and the use of social networking sites play key roles in political activism in the digital age. Based on an online survey of U.S. participants in the movement, this study found that local and global citizenship had distinct relationships with participation. This suggests that local citizenship is positively related to local participation, while global citizenship is positively related to global participation. In this vein, the use of social networking sites has a positive indirect relationship with both local and global participation through its relationship with local and global citizenship, respectively. This study contributes to the understanding of how the geographic dimension of citizenship fosters democracy via contemporary digital activism by enabling individuals to take part in local and even global collective actions.
Connecting With Hyperlocal News Website: Cause or Effect of Civic Participation?
Authors: Liu Wenlin , Chen Nien-Tsu Nancy , Ognyanova Katherine , Nah Seungahn , Ball-Rokeach Sandra
Published: March 2018

This is one of the first systematic explorations into the relationship between residents’ connection to a hyperlocal news website and civic participation. Integrating an ecological framework of civic participation and an audience-centered approach, the present study investigates whether residents’ connection to a hyperlocal news website serves as the cause or effect of community participation. Using survey data with probability sampling of ethnically diverse residents, the study identifies reciprocal influences between hyperlocal news connection and civic participation level. Findings suggest that the civic potential of hyperlocal digital news may result from both agentic use of and less intentional exposure to it.
What Predicts Selective Avoidance on Social Media? A Study of Political Unfriending in Hong Kong and Taiwan
Authors: Skoric Marko M. , Zhu Qinfeng , Lin Jih-Hsuan Tammy
Published: March 2018

One of the democratic promises of social media relies on the expectation that citizens will be exposed to more diverse sources of information and will consequently be more likely to encounter views that challenge their beliefs and opinions. Still, recent evidence suggests that although social media may increase exposure to difference, citizen also take active steps to reduce the dissonance they encounter by engaging in selective avoidance tactics such as political unfriending and unfollowing. We report the findings from the first comparative study of political unfriending conducted in Asia, which analyzes survey data from two Chinese societies, Hong Kong and Taiwan. We find that political interest, political discussion network size, and political discussion with distant others all predict the likelihood of engaging in selective avoidance on social media. The results also suggest that political interest is a stronger predictor of unfriending in Hong Kong, while social and psychological factors play a more important role in Taiwan.
Democratic Digital Inequalities: Threat and Opportunity in Online Citizenship From Motivation and Ability
Authors: Beam Michael A. , Hmielowski Jay D. , Hutchens Myiah J.
Published: March 2018

Internet access provides a number of ways to read, share, and discuss politics. However, the political benefits from technology are most likely afforded to those with greater Internet skill, political interest, and education. This study used nationally representative cross-sectional survey data collected during the 2016 U.S. general election to investigate two online news behaviors. Guided by research on digital inequalities, the opportunities–motivation–ability framework, and communication gaps, we found that Internet skill and political interest, but not education, are related to greater online news reading and sharing. We also found conditional relationships between Internet skill and online news behaviors that were moderated by political interest and education. Skill-based digital inequalities in online news behaviors are exacerbated for those with greater political interest, but the gap is reduced for those with less education. We discuss the threat and opportunity that a digital skill communication gap poses for online citizen engagement.
CSR Communication and Environmental Issue Networks in Virtual Space: A Cross-National Study
Authors: Yang Aimei , Liu Wenlin
Published: March 2018

Nowadays, a significant portion of corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication takes place online. The current article attends to an essential, yet often overlooked element of online CSR communication: cross-sectoral hyperlink networks. The article argues that corporations build cross-sectoral hyperlink networks with nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) as a form of CSR communication to manage social issues. Using social network analysis, this article analyzes the hyperlink network data between 136 corporations and 94 international NGOs. Findings show that corporations’ cross-sectoral ties serve as a communication strategy to respond to salient issues and manage issues that are relevant to these corporations. NGOs’ tenure and network dynamics are also found to significantly affect the number of cross-sectoral ties built with corporations.
The Political Economy of Clientelism: A Comparative Study of Indonesia’s Patronage Democracy
Authors: Berenschot Ward
Published: March 2018

What kind of economic development curtails clientelistic politics? Most of the literature addressing this relationship focuses narrowly on vote buying, resulting in theories that emphasize the importance of declining poverty rates and a growing middle class. This article employs a combination of ethnographic fieldwork and an expert survey to engage in a first-ever, more comprehensive comparative study of within-country variation of clientelistic politics. I find a pattern that poorly matches these dominant theories: Clientelism is perceived to be less intense in rural, poverty-prone Java, while scores are high in relatively wealthy yet state-dependent provincial capitals. On the basis of these findings, I develop an alternative perspective on the relationship between economic development and clientelism. Emphasizing the importance of societal constraints, I argue that the concentration of control over economic activities fosters clientelism because it stifles the public sphere and inhibits effective scrutiny and disciplining of politico-business elites.
Schools in Cross-Sector Alliances: What Do Schools Seek in Partnerships?
Authors: Eyal Ori , (Gross) Yarm Marissa
Published: March 2018

Purpose: In recent years, the rise of cross-sector alliances (CSAs) in education has elicited growing concerns regarding the unrestrained influence of external partners. Against this backdrop, this study aims to explore the ways in which public schools perceive and collaborate with nonsystem actors (NSAs). Research Methods: Using a qualitative design, 32 in-depth interviews with 29 school CSA coordinators responsible for managing 32 civic education CSAs in Israel were triangulated with CSA email correspondence and completed feedback forms. Data were coded and analyzed using categorical techniques. Findings: Three main themes emerged from our data: identity of the public education system, pedagogic identity of the school, and collaboration and mutuality. While concerned by the threat of CSAs to public education, school coordinators expressed confidence in their ability to protect their school’s identity from NSA influence via twin strategies of regulation and adaptation. However, our analysis revealed that by avoiding substantial engagement with NSAs, the coordinators effectively ceded control to them over educational activities. We propose two new theoretical constructs to categorize alliances: reproductive mutuality, in which schools effectively accept the ideology and programs of NSAs, by a form of “soft coercion”; and transformative mutuality, in which school coordinators and NSA representatives engage in substantive dialogue about educational values, goals, and methods, leading to pedagogical innovation and protecting the public school ethos. Implications: The findings suggest that schools expand their involvement in vetting, monitoring, and activating CSA programs; protect teachers’ professional status; encourage knowledge transfer; and foster transformative mutuality to propel socioeducational change.
Pioneering flying: The vision and the failure of Australasian Aerial Transport, 1919–20
Authors: Chandu Arun
Published: March 2018

The early post-World War I period saw a dramatic increase in aviation activity in Australia. Using material from the National Archives of Australia, and from newspapers and journals, the development and significance of Australasian Aerial Transport is documented in the context of early post-World War I era progress of commercial aviation in Australia. Australasian Aerial Transport was one of these nascent aviation ventures and was the first in Australia to have planned scheduled passenger air services between the country’s major cities. This paper notes the visionary and speculative elements of Australasian Aerial Transport. The company never actually operated a single commercial flight, but the value of that experience is great and has been poorly documented.
Trust and Citizens’ Evaluations of Promise Keeping by Governing Parties
Authors: Thomson Robert , Brandenburg Heinz
Published: March 2018

The principle that parties should make policy commitments during election campaigns and fulfil those commitments if elected is central to the idea of promissory representation. This study examines citizens’ evaluations of promise keeping and breaking. We focus on two aspects of trust as explanations of citizens’ evaluations. When trust is defined in terms of mistrust, it implies that vigilant and well-informed citizens base their evaluations on what governments deliver. When trust is defined in terms of distrust, it implies that citizens use heuristic thinking when evaluating governing parties’ performance, regardless of what those parties do. Our evidence is from a survey experiment in the British Election Study, which asked respondents to evaluate whether governing parties fulfilled specific election pledges made during the previous election campaign. The findings indicate that both mistrust and distrust affect citizens’ evaluations.
A conversation about land rent, financialisation and housing
Authors: Aalbers Manuel B , Haila Anne
Published: March 2018

Manuel B Aalbers and Anne Haila discuss their respective recent books, The Financialization of Housing: A Political Economy Approach (Aalbers, 2016) and Urban Land Rent: Singapore as a Property State (Haila, 2016). Their debate focuses on issues such as comparative research, a political economy approach to urban studies, and topics of interest such as land rent, financialisation, housing, property states, path dependency, regulation and the role of the state.
A Focal Organization Perspective Toward Interorganizational Collaboration: The Case of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in India
Authors: Escobar Luis F. , Deshpande Sameer
Published: March 2018

We propose, from a focal organization’s perspective, a holistic framework for an interorganizational collaboration (IOC) that integrates the resource dependence theory and the triangular alignment perspective to account for the impact external factors such as international donors and internal factors such as the focal organization’s competencies have on the IOC’s antecedents, process, and outcomes. We base our arguments on the case of the National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) that collaborated with various international and domestic partners to effectively reduce the incidence of HIV/AIDS in India.
Decreasing Inappropriate Use of Mobile Devices in Urban High School Classrooms: Comparing an Antecedent Intervention With and Without the Good Behavior Game
Authors: Hernan Colleen J. , Collins Tai A. , Morrison Julie Q. , Kroeger Stephen D.
Published: March 2018

As the capabilities of portable technology continue to advance and become more accessible, educators express concern about the impact of the inappropriate use of mobile devices on academic engagement and learning. An alternating treatments design was used to compare the effectiveness of an antecedent (Clear Box) intervention and an interdependent group contingency (Clear Box + Good Behavior Game [GBG]) intervention to typical classroom management techniques (Control) in increasing the academic engagement and decreasing mobile device use of high school students during instruction. The results indicate an increase in academic engagement and a decrease in the inappropriate presence of mobile devices in both classrooms with the implementation of the Clear Box + GBG, as compared with the Clear Box and Control conditions. In addition, teacher and student social validity data suggested that teachers and students viewed the Clear Box + GBG intervention favorably. Discussion focuses on contributions to the current literature, implications for practice, and suggestions for future areas of research.
Character assassination of CEOs in crises – Questioning CEOs’ character and values in corporate crises
Authors: Seiffert-Brockmann Jens , Einwiller Sabine , Stranzl Julia
Published: March 2018

This study explores the concept of character assassination in the field of corporate communication. We examine the perception of character traits and personal values of chief executive officers in Austria and Germany during corporate crises. Results suggest that character attacks mostly focus on a chief executive officer’s integrity, while a positive public perception of charisma seems to be related to a chief executive officer’s remaining in office. Furthermore, personal values were under more intense public scrutiny when the chief executive officer in question had to leave their office. Thus, the study suggests that character traits and values are antecedents which influence the outcomes of the process of character assassination.
Critical animal and media studies: Expanding the understanding of oppression in communication research
Authors: Almiron Núria , Cole Matthew , Freeman Carrie P
Published: March 2018

Critical and communication studies have traditionally neglected the oppression conducted by humans towards other animals. However, our (mis)treatment of other animals is the result of public consent supported by a morally speciesist-anthropocentric system of values. Speciesism or anthroparchy, as much as any other mainstream ideologies, feeds the media and at the same time is perpetuated by them. The goal of this article is to remedy this neglect by introducing the subdiscipline of Critical Animal and Media Studies. Critical Animal and Media Studies takes inspiration both from critical animal studies – which is so far the most consolidated critical field of research in the social sciences addressing our exploitation of other animals – and from the normative-moral stance rooted in the cornerstones of traditional critical media studies. The authors argue that the Critical Animal and Media Studies approach is an unavoidable step forward for critical media and communication studies to engage with the expanded circle of concerns of contemporary ethical thinking.