bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caregiving as Role Transition: Siblings’ Experiences and Expectations when Caring for a Brother or Sister with Schizophrenia
Authors: Dodge Christopher E. , Smith André P.
Published: October 2019

Using a qualitative design, this study examines changes in the caregiving relationship in ten siblings caring for a brother or sister with severe schizophrenia. Siblings reported mourning the loss of a person they once knew and struggled to accept the brother or sister’s dependency in day-to-day living. As the relationship progressed, siblings became closer to their ill brother or sister and learned to appreciate modest accomplishments as evidence of success. Siblings expressed ambivalence toward transitioning into a primary caregiving role as their parents aged. Including these siblings in community care planning is a necessary step in supporting them toward this transition later in life.
Permeation Resistance of Sawdust Ash Blended Cement Laterized Concrete
Authors: Folagbade Samuel Olufemi , Olawale Aluko
Published: October 2019

This paper compared the initial surface absorption of conventional concrete and laterized concrete containing Portland cement (PC) and sawdust ash (SDA). Laterized concrete was produced at laterite contents of 15 and 30% as partial replacement for sand and SDA contents of 10 and 20% as partial replacement for PC. Compressive strengths at 28 days and initial surface absorption after 10 minutes (ISA-10) at 28, 60 and 90 days were determined at the water/cement ratios of 0.35, 0.50 and 0.65 and assessed at equal 28-day strengths of 25-35 N/mm2. At equal water/cement ratios, compressive strength reduced and ISA-10 increased with increasing content of laterite and SDA. On the other hand, compressive strength and resistance to surface absorption of the blended cement laterized concretes increased with increasing curing age. At equal strengths, all the blended cement laterized concretes have better resistance to surface absorption than the conventional PC concrete.
On the Derivation of Exact Solutions of a Tapered Cantilever Timoshenko Beam
Authors: Wong Foek Tjong , Gunawan Junius , Agusta Kevin , Herryanto Herryanto , Tanaya Levin Sergio
Published: October 2019

A tapered beam is a beam that has a linearly varying cross section. This paper presents an analytical derivation of the solutions to bending of a symmetric tapered cantilever Timoshenko beam subjected to a bending moment and a concentrated force at the free end and a uniformly-distributed load along the beam. The governing differential equations of the Timoshenko beam of a variable cross section are firstly derived from the principle of minimum potential energy. The differential equations are then solved to obtain the exact deflections and rotations along the beam. Formulas for computing the beam deflections and rotations at the free end are presented. Examples of application are given for the cases of a relatively slender beam and a deep beam. The present solutions can be useful for practical applications as well as for evaluating the accuracy of a numerical method.
NAATP keeps focus on parity
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2019

We need to move beyond the principle of parity into the practice of parity.” These words from Mark Dunn, director of public policy for the National Association of Addiction Treatment Providers (NAATP), in an interview with ADAW last week are a sign of the frustration with how parity — the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA), which guarantees that substance use disorders (SUDs) will be treated no differently from medical and surgical claims in the world of reimbursement — has been a real‐world disappointment to patients and providers alike.
Kirigami‐Inspired Stretchable Conjugated Electronics
Authors: Zhang Zhuolei , Yu Yun , Tang Yichao , Guan Ying‐shi , Hu Yong , Yin Jie , Willets Katherine , Ren Shenqiang
Published: October 2019

π‐Conjugated polymers have drawn broad interest in flexible electronics due to their solution processability, light weight, and a combination of conducting and light‐emitting properties. However, achieving mechanical endurance and stretchability in freestanding conjugated polymers is still difficult. Surface‐assembly‐induced light‐emitting polymer nanosheets with prodigious mechanical strength and charge transport are reported. Transferring freestanding polymer films onto various templates with conformal contact results in electrical and optical strain sensors with a gauge factor of ≈29. Subsequent geometric engineering into kirigami structures of the polymer sheets further extends the strain accommodations 20‐fold without compromising electric conductivity or fluorescence properties. These as‐prepared semiconducting polymers represent a possible new material for emerging stretchable electronics.
Haploidentical transplantation in high‐risk pediatric leukemia: A retrospective comparative analysis on behalf of the Spanish working Group for bone marrow transplantation in children (GETMON) and the Spanish Grupo for hematopoietic transplantation (GETH)
Authors: Pérez‐Martínez Antonio , Ferreras Cristina , Pascual Antonia , Gonzalez‐Vicent Marta , Alonso Laura , Badell Isabel , Fernández Navarro José María , Regueiro Alexandra , Plaza Mercedes , Pérez Hurtado Jose María , Benito Ana , Beléndez Cristina , Couselo José Miguel , Fuster José Luis , Díaz‐Almirón Mariana , Bueno David , Mozo Yasmina , Marsal Julia , Gómez López Alicia , Sisinni Luisa , de Heredia Cristina Díaz , Díaz Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2019

A total of 192 pediatric patients, median age 8.6 years, with high‐risk hematological malignancies, underwent haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo‐HSCT) using post‐transplantation cyclophosphamide (PT‐Cy), or ex vivo T cell‐depleted (TCD) graft platforms, from January 1999 to December 2016 in 10 centers in Spain. Some 41 patients received an unmanipulated graft followed by PT‐Cy for graft‐vs‐host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis. A total of 151 patients were transplanted with CD3‐depleted peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) by either CD34+ selection, CD3+CD19+ depletion, TCRαβ+CD19+ depletion or CD45RA+ depletion, added to CD34+ selection for GvHD prophylaxis. The PBSCs were the only source in patients following ex vivo TCD haplo‐HSCT; bone marrow was the source in 9 of 41 patients following PT‐CY haplo‐HSCT. Engraftment was achieved in 91.3% of cases. A donor younger than 30 years, and the development of chronic GvHD were positive factors influencing survival, whereas positive minimal residual disease (MRD) before transplant and lymphoid disease were negative factors. The probability of relapse increased with lymphoid malignancies, a donor killer‐cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIR) haplotype A and positive MRD pretransplant. No difference was found in overall survival, disease‐free survival or relapse incidence between the two platforms. Relapse is still of concern in both platforms, and it should be the focus of future efforts. In conclusion, both platforms for haplo‐HSCT were effective and could be utilized depending on the comfort level of the center.
Sustainable supply chain management and partner engagement to manage climate change information
Authors: Dahlmann Frederik , Roehrich Jens K.
Published: October 2019

Climate change poses significant new risks and challenges for businesses and their supply chains. Additionally, in many sectors, Scope 3 indirect greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the sourcing and distribution of goods and services are larger than firms' own carbon footprints. Here we study how firms engage their key stakeholders in their supply chains in obtaining, processing, and transferring relevant climate change‐related information designed to overcome information asymmetry and drive sustainable development. Grounded in organisational information‐processing theory (OIPT), we draw on data from the Carbon Disclosure Project's Climate Change Supply Chain initiative for a qualitative content analysis of a large sample of global firms. Consistent with OIPT, we find that although firms primarily engage their supply chain partners in a variety of ways to reduce information uncertainty around indirect emissions data, effectively interpreting and managing broader sustainability information equivocality becomes a growing priority. Our findings further suggest that firms engage suppliers, customers, and other supply chain partners through basic, transactional, and collaborative types of engagement. We contribute to literatures on interorganisational information processing and sustainable supply chain management by providing a more detailed understanding of how firms engage supply chain partners in the context of climate change.
The fibro‐adipose structure of the female breast: A dissection study
Authors: Gaskin Kathryn M. , Peoples Gregory E. , McGhee Deirdre E.
Published: October 2019

A paucity of dissection evidence and quantitative data exists to base anatomical descriptions and illustrations of the fibro‐adipose structure of the female breast. The aim of this study was to dissect and provide quantitative data of the fibro‐adipose structure of the female breast. The fibro‐adipose structure of female embalmed breasts were dissected in the coronal (n = 15) and sagittal planes (n = 3). Quantitative data of breast volume, surface area, fibro‐adipose pocket number, size and regional variation were collected. Pearson's correlations were used to investigate pocket number and size with breast volume and surface area. Regional variation in pocket number and size were compared using T tests. Throughout the dissection, photographic evidence was collected to support detailed anatomical descriptions. The mean (SD; range) number of pockets located in the superficial region of the breast was 199 ± 53 (108–306) and the mean pocket surface area was 0.88 ± 0.37 cm2 (0.31–1.97). A strong correlation was found between mean pocket number and breast surface area (r2 = 0.8064) and a very weak correlation between mean individual pocket surface area and breast surface area (r2 = −0.1427; P < 0.01). The pockets located anterior to the corpus mamma were significantly larger and less in number (P < 0.05) than those located posterior. The fibro‐adipose structure of the female breast is formed by complex scaffolding, consisting of layers of fibrous tissue pockets embedded with adipose tissue which surrounds the corpus mamma and is firmly attached to the perimeter of the breast. Detailed descriptions are supported by quantitative data and photographic evidence. Clin. Anat. 32:146–155, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluate medical decision‐making processes to reduce risks, legal liability
Authors: O'Brien Timothy
Published: October 2019

As long as there has been intercollegiate competition, there likely has been a perceived tension between coaches and the medical and athletic training staff regarding when a student‐athlete should be held out and when the student‐athlete is healthy enough to return to competition. The goals of coaches (success in competitions) and the goals of medical staff (medical treatment) invariably conflict with each other from time to time, revolving around the desire and medical ability to get the student‐athlete back into a competition.
Learn how to build bridges between athletics departments, conference offices
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: October 2019

College athletics departments and conference offices should work hand in hand to support each other and collaborate on properly managing compliance issues. But of course that's sometimes not the case. Some schools have hardly any contact with their conference office, and vice versa. If that's the case for you, you're likely missing out on valuable resources that could make your compliance challenges more manageable and potential violations more preventable.
A Facile Synthesis of FeCo Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Hierarchical N‐Doped Carbon Nanotube/Nanofiber Hybrids for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Aftab Faryal , Duran Hatice , Kirchhoff Katrin , Zaheer Muhammad , Iqbal Bushra , Saleem Murtaza , Arshad Salman N.
Published: October 2019

Development of efficient and cost‐effective transition metal‐based catalysts for overall water splitting is desired. Herein, a facile synthesis procedure for the development of FeCo bimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) located on the tips of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) supported over N‐doped carbon nanofibers (CNFs) is presented. The CNTs, not only prevent FeCo NPs from agglomeration by encapsulating them at the tip but also provide an efficient electron pathway. The materials exhibited excellent performance in oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and decent activity in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with long‐term durability of up to 48 hours on glassy carbon electrode. The best OER activity with a overpotential of 283 mV@10 mAcm−2 and Tafel slope of 38 mV/dec was achieved with a hierarchically porous catalyst having Fe : Co molar ratio of 1 : 2. This synthesis approach is promising for growing well‐dispersed CNTs over N‐doped carbonaceous support using bimetallic alloys for electrocatalytic applications.
Improving Bed Movement Physics in Biomass Computational Fluid Dynamics Combustion Simulations
Authors: Varela Luis González , Bermúdez Cesar Álvarez , Chapela Sergio , Porteiro Jacobo , Tabarés José L. Míguez
Published: October 2019

A detailed description of the first functional new approach to simulate the bed physics in biomass boilers in a Eulerian mathematical framework is presented. In particular, the analysis of the context of the collapse due to gravitational forces, the design of an automated algorithm that is responsible for its simulation under ANSYS‐Fluent, the concrete implementation of this algorithm, and its test with experimental contrasted data are described. The proposed solution can replicate the angle of repose of different fuels in biomass combustion boilers by implementing a series of geometric mechanisms applied to the mesh. The selected approach mainly responds to a computational efficiency requirement; both memory management and execution speed are relevant.
Integrated Ejector‐Based Flare Gas Recovery and On‐Site Desalination of Produced Water in Shale Gas Production
Authors: Mazumder Mozammel , Chen Liwen , Xu Qiang
Published: October 2019

Flaring is a major concern in the oil and gas industry as it wastes valuable raw materials/energy and emits a substantial amount of air pollutants. The produced water treatment during oil and gas production is very troublesome due to its large processing volume, high salinity, and expensive disposal cost. Thus, the on‐site integration of the flaring gas recovery (FGR) and desalination processes for handling the produced water could not only monetize flare emission sources but could also generate freshwater for versatile usages. Here, a novel process was developed integrating the ejector‐based FGR (EFGR) process with the thermal vapor compression (TVC)‐based desalination process. The newly developed EFGR‐TVC process is shown to be technically viable and cost‐effective under normal operating conditions.
Von nichts, kommt nichts
Authors: Liebermeister Barbara
Published: October 2019

Der Aufbau und die Pflege werthaltiger Geschäftsbeziehungen erfordert Zeit und Energie. Entsprechend systematisch sollten Unternehmer, Führungskräfte und Vertriebler beim Auf‐ und Ausbau ihres beruflichen Beziehungsnetzwerks vorgehen. Nicht nur das Knüpfen von Kontakten, sondern auch deren Pflege erfordert Zeit und Energie. Barbara Liebermeister, Leiterin des Frankfurter Instituts für Führungskultur im digitalen Zeitalter (IFIDZ) gibt hier einige Tipps, worauf beim systematischen Auf‐ und Ausbau von Geschäftsbeziehungen zu achten ist.
Schnell, schneller, digital
Authors: Hennecke Andreas
Published: October 2019

Für moderne Prozessanlagen bedeutet der Einsatz digitaler Infrastruktur einen erheblichen Vorteil – vom verkürzten Go Live bis zur optimalen Fehlerkontrolle durch umfangreiche Diagnosedaten. Eine PROFINET auf PROFIBUS PA Applikation ist hier State of the Art und zukunftweisender Standard gleichermaßen.
Prozessleittechnik IT‐sicher machen
Authors: Fischer Klaus‐Michael , Weber Christian
Published: October 2019

Betreiber von Prozessanlagen müssen neben den Prüfverpflichtungen aus der BetrSichV und der 12. BImSchV für überwachungspflichtige Anlagen regelmäßig die IT‐Risiken ihrer leittechnischen Sicherheitseinrichtungen beurteilen. Zudem sind teils konkurrierende Security‐ und Safety‐Anforderungen in der Umsetzung von PLT‐Sicherheitseinrichtungen zu vereinbaren. TüV SüD Chemie Service diskutiert diese Herausforderungen für PLT‐Betriebsingenieure und zeigt mögliche Herangehensweisen auf.
Vibrationsmessungen am Arbeitsplatz
Authors: Höchst Infraserv
Published: October 2019

Die beiden Projektleiter im Schallschutz von Infraserv Höchst haben beim Institut für Arbeitsschutz den erstmalig angebotenen Fachkundenachweis mit Prüfung erfolgreich absolviert. Damit kann dem Kunden als akkreditierte Messstelle der deutschen Akkreditierungsstelle (DAkkS) eine ganzheitliche, kombinierte Untersuchung von Geräuschen und Schwingungen angeboten werden.
Die Geschichte des Ostromislensky‐Verfahrens
Authors: Requardt Axel
Published: October 2019

1911 entdeckte Ostromislensky ein zweistufiges Verfahren, um aus Alkohol Butadien zu gewinnen. Diese Entdeckung wurde von ihm zunächst für so unbedeutend gehalten, dass er bis 1913 mit der Veröffentlichung wartete. Erst durch die vom Zaren im Juli 1914 verfügte Wodka‐Prohibition und dem damit verbundenen Problem, die riesigen Wodka‐Vorräte sinnvoll zu nutzen, rückte das Verfahren in den Fokus des Interesses. Der Prozess sollte das notwendige Butadien für die Produktion von Synthesekautschuk liefern. Pilotprojekte im Zarenreich und im sowjetischen Russland scheiterten aber. Erst um 1940 gelang es der Union Carbide in den USA, das Verfahren durch eine neue Katalysator‐Generation so zu optimieren, dass es während des zweiten Weltkrieges eine wichtige Rolle bei der Lösung der „US Kautschuk‐Krise“ spielte. Der benötigte Alkohol wurde dabei von Whiskey‐Brennereien geliefert. Die Geschichte des Ostromislensky‐Verfahrens ist also eine Geschichte zwischen Wodka und Whiskey.
Trajectories of social resource use among informal lung cancer caregivers
Authors: Litzelman Kristin , Reblin Maija , McDowell Helene E. , DuBenske Lori L.
Published: October 2019

Background

Social support is a key component in maintaining cancer caregiver well‐being, and many resources exist to facilitate caregivers' use of social support (eg, cancer support groups). This study sought to determine how informal cancer caregivers use social resources over the course of caregiving.

Methods

The data are from the Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System study of informal caregivers (n = 202) of patients with recently diagnosed lung cancer. Caregivers self‐reported their sociodemographic and caregiving characteristics and social resource use over 6 months. Generalized additive models were used to assess social resource use over time, and generalized estimating equation logistic regression models were used to assess the correlates of social resource use.

Results

Nearly two‐thirds of caregivers reported any social resource use. The most prevalent social resources were faith‐based groups (38%) and social clubs (30%). Only 1 in 4 caregivers participated in a formal resource such as counseling (11%) or a cancer support group (6%). Social resource use was lowest immediately after the diagnosis and increased over time. Formal resource use exhibited a nonlinear association with time such that formal resource use peaked approximately 9 to 10 months after the cancer diagnosis. Caregivers were more likely to report social resource use if the patient also reported social engagement.

Conclusions

This study has found that many cancer caregivers do not use social resources, although social resource use increases over time after the cancer diagnosis. Because of the association between social engagement and well‐being, this information may inform future research and interventions to improve outcomes for cancer caregivers and their families.
The impact of underinsurance on bladder cancer diagnosis, survival, and care delivery for individuals under the age of 65 years
Authors: Fletcher Sean A. , Cole Alexander P. , Lu Chang , Marchese Maya , Krimphove Marieke J. , Friedlander David F. , Mossanen Matthew , Kilbridge Kerry L. , Kibel Adam S. , Trinh Quoc‐Dien
Published: October 2019

Background

Health insurance is a key mediator of health care disparities. Outcomes in bladder cancer, one of the costliest diseases to treat, may be especially sensitive to a patient's insurance status.

Methods

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry and the National Cancer Data Base were used to identify individuals younger than 65 years who were diagnosed with bladder cancer from 2007 to 2014. The associations between the insurance status (privately insured, insured by Medicaid, or uninsured) and the following outcomes were evaluated: diagnosis with advanced disease, cancer‐specific survival, delay in treatment longer than 90 days, treatment in a high‐volume hospital, and receipt of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Results

Compared with those with private insurance, uninsured and Medicaid‐insured individuals were nearly twice as likely to receive a diagnosis of muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (odds ratio [OR] for uninsured individuals, 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.70‐2.12; OR for Medicaid‐insured individuals, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.87‐2.20). They were also more likely to die of bladder cancer (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] for uninsured individuals, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.31‐1.71; AHR for Medicaid‐insured individuals, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.46‐1.79). Delays in treatment longer than 90 days were more likely for uninsured (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.12‐1.65) and Medicaid‐insured individuals (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.03‐1.44) in comparison with the privately insured. Uninsured patients had lower odds of treatment at a high‐volume facility, and Medicaid‐insured patients had lower odds of receiving NAC (P < .001 for both).

Conclusions

Compared with privately insured individuals, uninsured and Medicaid‐insured individuals experience worse prognoses and poorer care quality. Expanding high‐quality insurance coverage to marginalized populations may help to reduce the burden of this disease.
When a randomized controlled trial is unlikely: Propensity score analysis of blinatumomab in adults with relapsed/refractory Philadelphia chromosome–positive B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Cassaday Ryan D.
Published: October 2019

A randomized controlled trial of blinatumomab for the treatment of patients with Philadelphia chromosome–positive B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia is unlikely. In this issue of Cancer, Rambaldi et al perform a propensity score analysis to provide a comparison with historical standards of care.
A Self‐Assembled Peptide‐Appended Naphthalene Diimide: A Fluorescent Switch for Sensing Acid and Base Vapors
Authors: Gayen Kousik , Basu Kingshuk , Nandi Nibedita , Sundar Das Krishna , Hermida‐Merino Daniel , Hamley Ian W. , Banerjee Arindam
Published: October 2019

A histidine‐containing bola‐amphiphilic molecule (NDIP) containing a peptide‐appended naphthalenediimide (NDI) forms fluorescent hydrogels in phosphate buffer and organogels with benzenoid solvents. These gels were characterized by several spectroscopic and microscopic techniques including FT‐IR, HR‐TEM, powder X‐ray diffraction and small‐angle X‐ray scattering, UV‐Vis and fluorescence studies. The gelator molecule exhibits no significant fluorescence in the xerogel state, while it shows a significant fluorescence (bright cyan) in the presence of volatile organic/inorganic acid vapors; this cyan color vanishes in presence of base (ammonia vapors). A reusable paper‐strip‐based method based on this self‐assembled fluorescent material can be used to easily detect hazardous volatile acid and base vapors with the naked eye.
The (in)congruence of measures of corporate social responsibility performance and stakeholder measures of corporate social responsibility reputation
Authors: Yang Yoori , Stohl Cynthia
Published: October 2019

A central proposition of the “business case” for corporate social responsibility (CSR) is that a company's CSR practices are linked to consumer behavior and a firm's financial performance through reputational mechanisms. This study addresses the equivocal support for this proposition through an empirical analysis of the survey items most often used to assess a company's CSR and its stakeholder reputation. This study tests the congruence among nine different measures of environmental, social, and governance dimensions of CSR and a public corporate reputation measure. Two distinct factors are identified—direct CSR impact and assessment/reputation—suggesting that the global corporate reputation does not capture tangible CSR impact (environment and social) and is only congruent with a measure of intangible CSR performance (governance). The study highlights the importance of taking a multidimensional approach. Addressing measurement issues helps unpack the theoretical and practical link between CSR and corporate reputation and provides strategic guidance when planning CSR business and communication strategies.
A novel proximity graph: Circular neighborhood cell graph for histopathological tissue image analyzing
Authors: Serin Faruk , Erturkler Metin
Published: October 2019

The cell is the smallest unit of living beings, which has structural and functional properties. Almost all cell behaviors are regulated by various intracellular reactions initiated by the signaling. The signaling and the distance between cells influence each other. Thus, cell‐location‐based modeling and analyzing of histopathological tissues provide important information to the expert. In literature, methods such as distance‐based threshold, K‐Nearest Neighbor, Voronoi graphs, Delaunay triangulation, and colored graph have been used. However, circular neighborhood relationships of cells have not been considered by any CAD system so far despite of its crucial impact. Thus, we developed the circular neighborhood cell‐graph. Histopathological images of liver were classified by using features extracted from T‐Distance, K‐Nearest Neighbor, Voronoi, Delaunay, and the proposed cell‐graph. Then, the classification performances of the methods were compared. Experimental results show that liver tissue images can be classified with accuracy of 95.7% by using the features provided by the proposed cell‐graph model.
Novel SPEG variant cause centronuclear myopathy in China
Authors: Tang Jia , Ma Wei , Chen Yangran , Jiang Runze , Zeng Qinlong , Tan Jieliang , Jiang Hongqing , Li Qing , Zhang Victor W. , Wang Jing , Tang Hui , Luo Liangping
Published: October 2019

Background

Centronuclear myopathy (CNM), a subtype of congenital myopathy (CM), is a group of clinical and genetically heterogeneous muscle disorders. Centronuclear myopathy is a kind of disease difficult to diagnose due to its genetic diversity. Since the discovery of the SPEG gene and disease‐causing variants, only a few additional patients have been reported.

Methods

A radiograph test, ultrasonic test, and biochemical tests were applied to clinical diagnosis of CNM. We performed trio medical exome sequencing of the family and conservation analysis to identify variants.

Results

We report a pair of severe CNM twins with the same novel homozygous SPEG variant c. 8710A>G (p.Thr2904Ala) identified by clinical trio medical exome sequencing of the family and conservation analysis. The twins showed clinical symptoms of facial weakness, hypotonia, arthrogryposis, strephenopodia, patent ductus arteriosus, and pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Conclusions

Our report expands the clinical and molecular repertoire of CNM and enriches the variant spectrum of the SPEG gene in the Chinese population and helps us further understand the pathogenesis of CNM.
Separation of 5‐aminovalerate from its bioconversion liquid by macroporous adsorption resin: mechanism and dynamic separation
Authors: Xu Sheng , Lu Xuedong , Li Mei , Wang Jing , Li Hui , He Xun , Feng Jiao , Wu Jinglan , Chen Kequan , Ouyang Pingkai
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

5‐aminovalerate (5‐AVA) is the precursor of valerolactam, a potential building block for producing nylon 5, and also regarded as a potential C5 chemical platform. Although 5‐AVA bioproduction has been developed, few studies have emphasized the separation of 5‐AVA from the bioconversion liquid.

RESULTS

An effective and benign method for separation of 5‐AVA from its bioconversion liquid was proposed based on chromatography technology using macroporous adsorption resin AK‐1. This work focuses on explosion of the adsorption mechanism and optimization of the operating conditions. Freundlich model and thermodynamics results showed that the adsorption affinity of 5‐AVA to the AK‐1 resin was weaker than that of l‐lysine. Combination of the characterization results of AK‐1 resin with the physicochemical properties of 5‐AVA and l‐lysine, the adsorption mechanism was proposed as meso‐micropore diffusion, and hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic effects. In dynamic studies, a 5‐AVA purity of 99.3% and yield of 92% was obtained at an operating temperature of 353.15 K on a 40:1 chromatographic column eluted by deionized water. The residual 5‐AVA and l‐lysine were recovered by 1 mol L–1 HCl, which can be used as a feed material in the 5‐AVA conversion process repeatedly.

CONCLUSION

An innovative benign efficient environmentally process for recovery of 5‐AVA from the bioconversion liquid was developed based on a macroporous resin AK‐1. Compared with ion exchange resins, macroporous resins can efficiently adsorb 5‐AVA, whereas salt ions cannot be retained. This clean and efficient method provides a promising strategy for separating similar biochemical products. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Investment of both essential fatty and amino acids to immunity varies depending on reproductive stage
Authors: Pettit Taylor V. , Pettit R. John , Durso Andrew M. , French Susannah S.
Published: October 2019

Trade‐offs among the key life‐history traits of reproduction and immunity have been widely documented. However, the currency in use is not well‐understood. We investigated how reproducing female side‐blotched lizards, Uta stansburiana, allocate lipids versus proteins when given an immune challenge. We tested whether lizards would invest more in reproduction or immunity depending on reproductive stage. Females were given stable isotopes (15N‐leucine and 13C‐1‐palmitic acid), maintained on a regular diet and given either a cutaneous biopsy or a sham biopsy (control). Stable isotopes were monitored and analyzed in feces and uric acid, skin biopsies, eggs, and toe clips. We found that lizards deposited both proteins and lipids into their healing wounds (immune‐challenged), skin (control), and eggs (all) and that catabolism of proteins exceeded incorporation into tissue during wound‐healing. Specifically, we found that healed biopsies of wounded animals had more leucine and palmitic acid than the nonregrown skin biopsies taken from unwounded control animals. Earlier in reproduction, lizards invested relatively more labeled proteins into healing their wound tissue, but not into unwounded skin of control animals. Thus, reproduction is sometimes favored over self‐maintenance, but only in later reproductive stages. Finally, we documented positive relationships among the amount of palmitic acid deposited in the eggs, the amount of food eaten, and the amount of palmitic acid excreted, suggesting higher turnover rates of lipids in lizards investing highly in their eggs.
Deep‐Learning‐Based Neural Tissue Segmentation of MRI in Multiple Sclerosis: Effect of Training Set Size
Authors: Narayana Ponnada A. , Coronado Ivan , Sujit Sheeba J. , Wolinsky Jerry S. , Lublin Fred D. , Gabr Refaat E.
Published: October 2019

Background

The dependence of deep‐learning (DL)‐based segmentation accuracy of brain MRI on the training size is not known.

Purpose

To determine the required training size for a desired accuracy in brain MRI segmentation in multiple sclerosis (MS) using DL.

Study Type

Retrospective analysis of MRI data acquired as part of a multicenter clinical trial.

Study Population

In all, 1008 patients with clinically definite MS.

Field Strength/Sequence

MRIs were acquired at 1.5T and 3T scanners manufactured by GE, Philips, and Siemens with dual turbo spin echo, FLAIR, and T1‐weighted turbo spin echo sequences.

Assessment

Segmentation results using an automated analysis pipeline and validated by two neuroimaging experts served as the ground truth. A DL model, based on a fully convolutional neural network, was trained separately using 16 different training sizes. The segmentation accuracy as a function of the training size was determined. These data were fitted to the learning curve for estimating the required training size for desired accuracy.

Statistical Tests

The performance of the network was evaluated by calculating the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), and lesion true‐positive and false‐positive rates.

Results

The DSC for lesions showed much stronger dependency on the sample size than gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). When the training size was increased from 10 to 800 the DSC values varied from 0.00 to 0.86 ± 0.016 for T2 lesions, 0.87 ± 009 to 0.94 ± 0.004 for GM, 0.86 ± 0.08 to 0.94 ± 0.005 for WM, and 0.91 ± 0.009 to 0.96 ± 0.003 for CSF.

Data Conclusion

Excellent segmentation was achieved with a training size as small as 10 image volumes for GM, WM, and CSF. In contrast, a training size of at least 50 image volumes was necessary for adequate lesion segmentation.

Level of Evidence: 1

Technical Efficacy Stage: 1

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1487–1496.
High order HDG method and domain decomposition solvers for frequency‐domain electromagnetics
Authors: Agullo Emmanuel , Giraud Luc , Gobé Alexis , Kuhn Matthieu , Lanteri Stéphane , Moya Ludovic
Published: October 2019

This work is concerned with the numerical treatment of the system of three‐dimensional frequency‐domain (or time‐harmonic) Maxwell equations using a high order hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) approximation method combined with domain decomposition (DD) on the basis of hybrid iterative‐direct parallel solution strategies. The proposed HDG method preserves the advantages of classical DG methods previously introduced for the time‐domain Maxwell equations, in particular, in terms of accuracy and flexibility with regards to the discretization of complex geometrical features, while keeping the computational efficiency at the level of the reference edge element‐based finite element formulation widely adopted for the considered PDE system. We study in details the computational performances of the resulting DD solvers in particular in terms of scalability metrics by considering both a model test problem and more realistic large‐scale simulations performed on high performance computing systems consisting of networked multicore nodes.
The extent of complex fractionated atrial electrograms in the left atrium reflects age‐related electrical remodeling in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Park Yae Min , Lee Dae In , Park Hwan Cheol , Shim Jaemin , Choi Jong‐Il , Park Sang Weon , Kim Young‐Hoon
Published: October 2019

Backgrounds

Alterations in the atrial structure and function associated with aging result in electric remodeling of the left atrium (LA) in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). We performed this study to evaluate the influence of age on electric remodeling as assessed by the extent of complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs) in the LA.

Methods

A total of 122 patients (mean age, 55.9 ± 10.4 years; range, 31‐79; 106 males) who underwent catheter ablation for drug‐refractory persistent AF were included in the study. The extent of CFAE was measured by CFAE area and its index (CFAE area/LA surface area × 100) using three‐dimensional automated software of NavX system.

Results

The mean value of CFAE extent was significantly different among age groups; the CFAE area decreased significantly with increasing age (30 seconds [43.2 ± 14.5 mm2] vs 40 seconds [28.6 ± 6.0 mm2] vs 50 seconds [22.8 ± 3.4 mm2] vs 60 seconds [15.3 ± 2.6 mm2] vs 70 seconds [10.3 ± 3.2 mm2]; P = .010). A similar significant decrease was observed in the CFAE area index (30 seconds [22.9 ± 7.4] vs 40 seconds [14.9 ± 3.4] vs 50 seconds [10.4 ± 1.6] vs 60 seconds [6.9 ± 1.2] vs 70 seconds [4.6 ± 1.4]; P = .002). Age had a significantly negative correlation with the CFAE area (r = −0.322, P < .001) and CFAE area index (r = −0.357, P < .001).

Conclusions

Increasing age is associated with electric remodeling in the LA characterized by a decrease in the extent of CFAE area and its index.
The influence of ENSO on the upper warm temperature anomaly formation associated with the March–May heavy rainfall events in Tanzania
Authors: Mafuru Kantamla B. , Guirong Tan
Published: October 2019

This work aims at detecting to what extent the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) modulation influences the upper warm temperature anomaly (UWTA) formation in Tanzania during March to May (MAM) season of 1980–2010. The UWTA has known to influence heavy rainfall events through enhanced vertical uplift and deepening surface low pressure. The study is thus critical towards improved early warning system through a better understanding of the mechanisms in the climate system responsible for the above average rainfall. The empirical orthogonal function analysis in this study, revealed the dominant interannual variability mode of the UWTA to be concentrated over the study region. The interannual variability of ENSO and the UWTA shows a moderate relationship during MAM (r = .5328) while a robust association (r = .7905) exists during the previous September to November (SON). Thus, the anomalous sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) of the central tropical Pacific (e.g., over Nino 3.4) leads 6 months before the UWTA of the study region and anomalous SSTA over the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) peak up. Comparatively, the warm phase of ENSO during SON and December to February (DJF) is in phase relationship with the strengthened ascending branch of the Walker circulation over the warm TIO. Further analysis demonstrates that in SON the rising limb of the Walker circulation is the dominant source of uplift and convection enhancement over the warm TIO and later transports warm and moist air (i.e., diabatic heating) aloft for the UWTA formation during SON and DJF. Meanwhile, the Hadley circulation (HC) induced by the SSTA associated with ENSO exhibits the symmetric mode during SON and asymmetric mode in MAM. The asymmetric mode of the HC plays its role in transporting the warm and moist air from the warm TIO towards the study area for the UWTA formation during MAM.
Circularly polarized Raman scattering in silicon
Authors: Talochkin A. B.
Published: October 2019

The two‐dimensional layered materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides reveal the unique structure of the electron‐hole spectrum that generates discrete degrees of freedom related to the electron spin and the valley pseudospin. Optical phonons with the angular momentum may induce the transitions between the quantum levels in this system. Therefore, the investigation of these phonons is of particular importance now. One of the most popular methods for the determination of the angular momentum of optical phonons is circularly polarized Raman spectroscopy, common features of which were not entirely discovered so far due to a restricted set of studied materials. Here, we use this method to examine optical phonons in Si as an example of a high‐symmetry model crystal. The decomposition of scattered light into the circularly polarized components with the subsequent angle‐resolved analysis is employed. This allows us to find that Raman scattering by longitudinal optical phonons occurs with conservation of the photon helicity in accordance to the angular momentum conservation law, since the longitudinal optical phonon angular momentum is zero. In contrast, transverse optical phonon reverses photon helicity, meaning that its angular momentum is 2ħ. It is shown that Raman scattering of circularly polarized light is described well taking into account the angular momentum conservation law in addition to the main conclusions of the classical theory developed for the case of linearly polarized light.
No lake left behind: How well do U.S. protected areas meet lake conservation targets?
Authors: McCullough Ian M. , Skaff Nicholas K. , Soranno Patricia A. , Cheruvelil Kendra Spence
Published: October 2019

The Convention on Biological Diversity (https://www.cbd.int/) recommends globally protecting ≥ 17% of ecologically representative freshwaters by 2020 to sustain critical ecosystem services and rapidly declining freshwater biodiversity. We examined whether current conservation efforts meet this target for lakes (≥ 1 ha) across the continental U.S. and Environmental Protection Agency ecoregions using the U.S. Protected Areas Database. How one defines lake protection matters: 17.8% of lakes fell within multiuse or strictly protected areas, but only 7.5% of lakes had ≥ 80% of their catchments in strictly protected areas. Protected lakes occurred disproportionately in the lake‐poor western U.S. and most lake‐rich regions fell short of the 17% target. Lakes connected to streams and other lakes were disproportionately protected relative to headwater and isolated lakes, which are important for ecosystem services and biodiversity. Meeting conservation targets requires protecting thousands of additional U.S. lakes and catchments across more diverse ecological settings and explicitly considering connectivity.
A novel FLCN mutation in family members diagnosed with primary spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: Genc Yavuz Burcu , Guzel Tanoglu Esra , Salman Yılmaz Seda , Colak Sahin
Published: October 2019

Background

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is a disease characterized by the accumulation of air in the pleural space between the lung and thoracic wall. It is more common in young, tall, thin, and asthenic men. A family history was reported for approximately 11.5% of individuals admitted with PSP. The literature has reported cases diagnosed with familial PSP, who have no manifestations of Birt–Hogg–Dubé (BHD) syndrome but mutations in different exons of the Folliculin (FLCN) gene. The aim of this study is to present a Turkish family in which 13 members from three generations of the same family developed recurrent isolated spontaneous pneumothorax with a novel mutation in the FLCN.

Methods

A male proband was diagnosed with spontaneous pneumothorax in the emergency department of the University of Health Sciences Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey. His 12 relatives from three generations diagnosed with PSP, as revealed by his family history, were invited to the hospital to give blood samples for mutation analysis. The Sanger sequence data of FLCN were analyzed on the ENSEMBL website using SeqScape 3 and Codon Aligner software.

Results

A novel heterozygous mutation c. 1273C>T (p.Gln425Ter) was detected in exon 11 of the FLCN, which caused PSP in the proband and his 12 relatives tested using Sanger sequencing.

Conclusion

We found that a heterozygous mutation in exon 11 of FLCN c. 1273C>T (p.Gln425Ter), which was identified for the first time in our study, might cause isolated familial spontaneous pneumothorax.
Enhanced performance of compact 2 × 2 antenna array with electromagnetic band‐gap
Authors: Abdulhameed Muhannad K. , Isa Mohd saari B. M. , Zakaria Zahriladha , Ibrahim Imran M. , Mohsen Mowafak K. , Attiah Mothana L. , Dinar Ahmed M.
Published: October 2019

The side lobe effects cause the wastage of energy in antenna arrays. In this work, two types of electromagnetic band‐gaps (EBGs) are used to diminish the side lobes in 2 × 2 Patch Antenna Array at 6 GHz through mushroom‐like EBG and triple side slotted (TSS) EBG (TSSEBG). The proposed EBGs are placed on the top surface of the antenna array to eliminate undesired surface currents. The connecting vias in TSSEBG compared with the mushroom‐like EBG structure is decreased from 392 to 92. Accordingly, an easy way in fabrication is guaranteed. The TSSEBG provided triple band gaps of frequencies compared with the structure of mushroom‐like EBG that only had one. The TSSEBG is placed in a flexible structure, which is suitable for antenna applications. The compact EBG and TSSEBG antenna arrays respectively demonstrate 13.77 and 14.68 dB gain, 14.2 and 15.3 dBi directivity, −24 and − 28.5 dB side lobe, and 90.5% and 87% efficiency at the operating frequency of 6 GHz.
Target detection radiation characteristic modeling and calculation method in air‐ground rotary scanning optical imaging system
Authors: Lei Bingshan , Zhu Wenbin , Hao Weina , Yan Keding
Published: October 2019

For the moving state of armored vehicle, the random rendezvous of rotary scanning optical imaging system and armored vehicle will be in an uncertain state, which makes the target information detected by the system floated and the reliable target signal hardly obtain. In this article, the target detection radiation characteristic distribution of the system and the calculation method of the geometric parameters of optical scanning in the random rendezvous state are obtained. An optical scanning detection calculation method for air‐ground armored targets is presented under space‐time correlation condition. According to the characteristic of rotary scanning optical imaging system caused by the thermal radiation of armored vehicles, a model of infrared radiation characteristic distribution of armored vehicles is established form the relationship between the system and armored targets. Combining with the established air‐ground rotation optical imaging‐scanning model, the contribution of Infrared Radiation to the optical imaging sensor during the movement of armored vehicles in different states and the calculation function of the output signal of the sensor are given respectively. Through calculation and experiment, it is found that the armored targets can be effectively detected within detection zone that the detection height is less than 35 m, the area of the radiation characteristic area is more than 1 m2 and the detection angle is 20 °  : 40°. The moving direction and contour size of the target can be distinguished by the rendezvous angle difference and the response time of the signal response time of the central.