bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Calcium Hydroxide, and Triple Antibiotic Paste as Root Canal Dressing Materials
Authors: Abbaszadegan Abbas , Dadolahi Sahar , Gholami Ahmad , Moein Mahmoud Reza , Hamedani Shahram , Ghasemi Younes , Abbott Paul Vincent
Published: July 2016

Objective

The aim of this article was (i) to define the chemical constituents of Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil (CEO), (ii) to compare the antimicrobial activity of CEO with triple antibiotic paste (TAP) and calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] on planktonic and biofilm Enterococcus faecalis; and (iii) to compare the cytotoxicity of these medicaments on L929 fibroblasts.

Materials and methods

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to define the constituents of CEO. Zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and time-kill tests were performed. Further, 108 human teeth were infected with E. faecalis and treated with the medicaments for 1, 7, and 14 days. Cytotoxicity was assessed by exposing L929 fibroblasts to the medicaments.

Results

Cinnamaldehyde was the main component of CEO. Triple antibiotic paste had the greatest zone of inhibition and the smallest MIC and MBC. Triple antibiotic paste and CEO eradicated planktonic E. faecalis after 4 and 24 hours, while Ca(OH)2 failed to achieve 100% killing after 24 hours. Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil and TAP eradicated biofilm E. faecalis after 7 and 14 days, but Ca(OH)2 could not eliminate E. faecalis after 14 days. Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil was the most biocompatible medicament.

Conclusion

Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil is an efficient antibacterial agent against planktonic and biofilm E. faecalis and it was cytocompatible to L929 fibroblasts. Therefore, CEO has the potential to be used as an antimicrobial agent in root canal treatment.

How to cite this article

Abbaszadegan A, Dadolahi S, Gholami A, Moein MR, Hamedani S, Ghasemi Y, Abbott PV. Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Calcium Hydroxide, and Triple Antibiotic Paste as Root Canal Dressing Materials. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(2):105-113.
Action of Chlorhexidine, Zingiber officinale, and Calcium Hydroxide on Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Endotoxin in the Root Canals
Authors: Valera Marcia C , Oliveira Sarah AC , Maekawa Lilian E , Cardoso Flávia GR , Chung Adriana , Silva Stephanie FP , Carvalho Cláudio AT
Published: July 2016

Aim

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX) as auxiliary chemical substance and intracanal medications on Candida albicans, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and their endotoxins in the root canals.

Materials and methods

The study was conducted on 48 single-rooted human teeth divided into four groups (n = 12), according to intracanal medications used: (1) Calcium hydroxide + apyrogenic saline solution (Ca(OH)2 + SS), (2) 20% ginger glycolic extract (GEN), (3) calcium hydroxide + 20% ginger glycolic extract (Ca(OH)2 + GEN), (4) apyrogenic SS (control). Collections were made from the root canal content before preparation (baseline–S1), immediately after instrumentation (S2), 7 days after instrumentation (S3), after 14 days the action of intracanal medication (S4), and 7 days after removal of the intracanal medication (S5). The antimicrobial activity and endotoxin content were analyzed for all collections. The results were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests at a significance level of 5%.

Results

After instrumentation with CHX, there was complete elimination of E. coli and C. albicans, except for E. faecalis, which was significantly reduced and then completely eliminated after intracanal medication. There was significant reduction of endotoxin after instrumentation. Comparison of collection after instrumentation and intracanal medication revealed reduction of endotoxins in all groups; this reduction was greater in group Ca(OH)2 followed by the group GEN.

Conclusion

It was concluded that the instrumentation using CHX and intracanal medication used were able to eliminate the microorganisms from the root canal; the endotoxins were reduced, yet not completely eliminated.

Clinical significance

This study is important and relevant for searching alternatives during endodontic therapy, since it aims to study the effect of Zingiber officinale on microorganisms and endotoxins present in root canals.

How to cite this article

Valera MC, Oliveira SAC, Maekawa LE, Cardoso FGR, Chung A, Silva SFP, Carvalho CAT. Action of Chlorhexidine, Zingiber officinale, and Calcium Hydroxide on Candida albicans, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Endotoxin in the Root Canals. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016; 17(2):114-118.
Radiopacity of 28 Composite Resins for Teeth Restorations
Authors: Raitz Ricardo , Moruzzi Patrizia Dubinskas , Vieira Glauco , Fenyo-Pereira Marlene
Published: July 2016

Aim

Radiopacity is a fundamental requisite to check marginal adaptation of restorations. Our objective was to assess the radiopacity of 28 brands of light-cured composite resins and compare their radiopacity with that of enamel, dentin, and aluminum of equivalent thickness.

Materials and methods

Composite resin disks (0.2, 0.5, and 1 mm) were radiographed by the digital method, together with an aluminum penetrometer and a human tooth equivalent tooth section. The degree of radiopacity of each image was quantified using digital image processing. Wilcoxon nonparametric test was used for comparison of the mean thickness of each material.

Results

All of the materials tested had an equal or greater radiopacity than that of aluminum of equivalent thickness. Similar results for enamel were found with the exception of Durafill, which was less radiopaque than enamel (p < 0.05). All the specimens were more radiopaque than dentin, except for P90 (which was equally radiopaque) and Durafill (which was less radiopaque). The thickness of the specimens may influence the similarity to the enamel's radiopacity. All of the composite resins comply with specification #27 of the American Dental Association. The radiopacity of Amelogen Plus, Aph, Brilhiante, Charisma, Concept Advanced, Evolux X, Exthet X, Inten S, Llis, Master Fill, Natural Look, Opallis, P60, Tetric, Tph, Z100, and Z250 was significantly higher than that of enamel (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

With these composites, it is possible to observe the boundaries between restoration and tooth structure, thus allowing clinicians to establish the presence of microleakage or restoration gap.

Clinical significance

Suitable radiopacity is an essential requisite for good-quality esthetic restorative materials. We demonstrate that only some composites have the sufficient radiopacity to observe the boundaries between restoration and tooth structure, which is the main cause of restoration failure.

How to cite this article

Raitz R, Moruzzi PD, Vieira G, Fenyo- Pereira M. Radiopacity of 28 Composite Resins for Teeth Restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(2):136-142.
Effect of Different Surface Treatments and Thermocycling on Bond Strength of a Silicone-based Denture Liner to a Denture Base Resin
Authors: Ahrari Farzaneh , Nakhaei Mohammadreza , Dashti Hossein , Vasigh Samaneh , Mushtaq Shazia , Shetty Rohit Mohan
Published: July 2016

Aim

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of three different surface treatments and thermocycling on the tensile strength of a silicone lining material to denture resin.

Materials and methods

A total of 96 cube-shaped specimens were fabricated using heat-cured polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin. Three millimeters of the material was cut from the midsection. The specimens were divided into four groups. The bonding surfaces of the specimens in each group received one of the following surface treatments: no surface treatment (control group), airborne particle abrasion with 110 μm alumina particles (air abrasion group), Er:yttrium aluminum garnet laser irradiation (laser group), and air abrasion + laser. After the lining materials were processed between the two PMMA blocks, each group was divided into two subgroups (n = 12), either stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours or thermocycled between 5 and 55°C for 5,000 cycles. The specimens were tested in tensile and shear strength in a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance and Tamhane's post hoc tests (α = 0.05). The mode of failure was determined, and one specimen in each group was examined by scanning electron microscopy.

Results

Surface-treated groups demonstrated significantly higher tensile strengths compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Nonetheless, no significant differences were found between surface-treated groups (p > 0.05). The tensile strength was significantly different between thermocycled and waterstored specimens (p = 0.021).

Conclusion

Altering the surface of the acrylic denture base resin with air abrasion, laser, and air abrasion + laser increased the tensile strength. Thermocycling resulted in decrease in bond strength of silicone-based liner to surface-treated acrylic resin.

Clinical significance

Pretreatment of denture base resins before applying the soft liner materials improves the bond strength. However, thermocycling results in decrease in bond strength of soft denture liner to surface-treated acrylic resin.

How to cite this article

Nakhaei M, Dashti H, Ahrari F, Vasigh S, Mushtaq S, Shetty RM. Effect of Different Surface Treatments and Thermocycling on Bond Strength of a Silicone-based Denture Liner to a Denture Base Resin. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(2):154-159.
Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Review of the Etiopathologic Factors and Management
Authors: Vellappally Sajith
Published: July 2016

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by pain in the mouth with or with no inflammatory signs and no specific lesions. Synonyms found in literature include glossodynia, oral dysesthesia, glossopyrosis, glossalgia, stomatopyrosis, and stomatodynia. Burning mouth syndrome generally presents as a triad: Mouth pain, alteration in taste, and altered salivation, in the absence of visible mucosal lesions in the mouth. The syndrome generally manifests spontaneously, and the discomfort is typically of a continuous nature but increases in intensity during evening and at night. The etiopathogenesis seems to be complex and in a large number of patients probably involves interactions among local, systemic, and/or psychogenic factors. The differential diagnosis requires the exclusion of oral mucosal lesions or blood test alterations that can produce burning mouth sensation. Management is always based on the etiological agents involved. If burning persists after local or systemic conditions are treated, then treatment is aimed at controlling neuropathic symptoms. Treatment of BMS is still unsatisfactory, and there is no definitive cure. As a result, a multidisciplinary approach is required to bring the condition under better control. The aim of this review was to discuss several aspects of BMS, update current knowledge, and provide guidelines for patient management.

How to cite this article

Vellappallay S. Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Review of the Etiopathologic Factors and Management. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(2):171-176.
Measuring the Instability of China’s Financial System: Indices Construction and an Early Warning System
Authors: Sun Lixin , Huang Yuqin
Published: July 2016

In this paper, employing several econometric techniques, the authors construct a financial stress index (CNFSI) and a financial conditions index (CNFCI) to measure the instability of China’s financial system. The indices are based on the monthly data collected from China’s inter-bank markets, stock markets, foreign exchange markets and debt markets. Using these two indices, the authors identify the episodes of systemic financial stress, and then evaluate the indices. The empirical results suggest that the CNFSI performs better than the CNFCI. Furthermore, the authors propose four leading indicators for monitoring China’s financial instability, and provide a primary early warning system for China’s macroprudential regulations. Finally, they conduct a test to evaluate the predictive power of the CNFSI and the early warning system with reference to the 2015 episode. Their results suggest that both work well.
Screens
Authors: Chateau Dominique , Moure José , Avezzu Giorgio , Begin Richard , Bellour Raymond , Beugnet Martine , Carbone Mauro , Christie Ian , Crough Olivia , Huhtamo Erkki , Kessler Frank , Lefebvre Simon , Marks Laura , Odin Roger , Oever Annie , Rogers Ariel , Strauven Wanda , Toddi Emmanuelle , Verhoeff Nanna
Published: July 2016

We live in an era of screens. No longer just the place where we view movies, or watch TV at night, screens are now ubiquitous, the source of the majority of information we consume daily, and a crucial component of our basic interactions with colleagues, friends, and family. This transformation has happened almost without us realizing it-and certainly without the full theoretical and intellectual analysis it deserves.

Screens brings together scholars from a variety of disciplines to analyse the growing presence and place of screens in our lives today. They tackle such topics as the archaeology of screens, film and media theories about our interactions with them, their use in contemporary art, and the new avenues they open up for showing films and other media in non-traditional venues.
Risico’s vermijden door depolitisering: het elektronisch patiëntendossier in Nederland
Authors: ten Ham Tim , Bröer Christian
Published: July 2016

In this paper we demonstrate how contemporary politics deals with complex risk issues that emanate from emergent technologies based on the following case study: the implementation of the national electronic patient record (EPR) in the Netherlands. The Dutch Senate unanimously rejected the EPR in 2011. From then on, market playsers have been at the forefront to make the EPR operative in Dutch health care, despite its lack of political legitimacy. This study reports how the relocation of politics to market players and professional arena’s takes place (Hajer and Versteeg 2005; Pierre and Peters 2000; Rhodes 1997; Walls et al. 2005). As we perceive this relocation of politics as a form of governmentality (Foucault 1991), we are able to make visible how power is exerted over professionals and citizens (Rose and Miller 1992) and how they deal with processes of subjectification (Bröer 2006). Our analysis of semi-structured interviews with policy makers, implementers and first-line health care professionals, observations of information meetings and a variety of documents shed light on several governmental techniques that aim to allay anxiety regarding the EPR: seduction, emotion management and relieving in combination with strict surveillance of health care professionals. Even though collaboration with the EPR is voluntary we make plausible that these techniques seriously compromise health care professionals’ and citizens’ freedom of choice. We conclude that the technology is strongly depoliticized in order to protect the rollout of the EPR in Dutch health care.
Objectieve klasse, inschatting van klasse en stemgedrag in Nederland
Authors: D’Hooge Lorenzo
Published: July 2016

The traditional approach to class voting has largely ignored the question whether ‘objective’ class membership coincides with ‘subjective’ class identification. Following Sosnaud et al. (2013) and D’Hooge et al. (2015), this study evaluates party preferences in the Netherlands when people’s objective and subjective social class do not coincide. Seminal studies on voting behavior have suggested that members of lower classes are more likely to vote for the economic left and cultural right and that higher classes demonstrate the opposite pattern. Yet, these studies have overlooked on the one hand the possibility that there is a mismatch between the objective class people can be classified in and the class they think they are part of, and on the other hand the consequences of this discordant class perception on voting behavior. I find that the majority of the Dutch people identify with the middle class, whereas only a minority of the lower and higher classes correctly perceive their objective social class. Further, subjective class identification seems to be a better predictor of general and economic voting behavior than objective class. When it comes to general and economic voting the Klasse für sich prevails over the Klasse an sich.
On the climatological probability of the vertical propagation of stationary planetary waves
Authors: Karami Khalil , Braesicke Peter , Sinnhuber Miriam , Versick Stefan
Published: July 2016

Abstract. We introduce a diagnostic tool to assess a climatological framework of the optimal propagation conditions for stationary planetary waves. Analyzing 50 winters using NCEP/NCAR (National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) reanalysis data we derive probability density functions (PDFs) of positive vertical wave number as a function of zonal and meridional wave numbers. We contrast this quantity with classical climatological means of the vertical wave number. Introducing a membership value function (MVF) based on fuzzy logic, we objectively generate a modified set of PDFs (mPDFs) and demonstrate their superior performance compared to the climatological mean of vertical wave number and the original PDFs. We argue that mPDFs allow an even better understanding of how background conditions impact wave propagation in a climatological sense. As expected, probabilities are decreasing with increasing zonal wave numbers. In addition we discuss the meridional wave number dependency of the PDFs which is usually neglected, highlighting the contribution of meridional wave numbers 2 and 3 in the stratosphere. We also describe how mPDFs change in response to strong vortex regime (SVR) and weak vortex regime (WVR) conditions, with increased probabilities of the wave propagation during WVR than SVR in the stratosphere. We conclude that the mPDFs are a convenient way to summarize climatological information about planetary wave propagation in reanalysis and climate model data.
Investigation of processes controlling summertime gaseous elemental mercury
oxidation at midlatitudinal marine, coastal, and inland sites
Authors: Ye Zhuyun , Mao Huiting , Lin Che-Jen , Kim Su Youn
Published: July 2016

Abstract. A box model incorporating a state-of-the-art chemical mechanism for atmospheric mercury (Hg) cycling was developed to investigate the oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) at three locations in the northeastern United States: Appledore Island (AI; marine), Thompson Farm (TF; coastal, rural), and Pack Monadnock (PM; inland, rural, elevated). The chemical mechanism in this box model included the most up-to-date Hg and halogen chemistry. As a result, the box model was able to simulate reasonably the observed diurnal cycles of gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) and chemical speciation bearing distinct differences between the three sites. In agreement with observations, simulated GOM diurnal cycles at AI and TF showed significant daytime peaks in the afternoon and nighttime minimums compared to flat GOM diurnal cycles at PM. Moreover, significant differences in the magnitude of GOM diurnal amplitude (AI > TF > PM) were captured in modeled results. At the coastal and inland sites, GEM oxidation was predominated by O3 and OH, contributing 80–99 % of total GOM production during daytime. H2O2-initiated GEM oxidation was significant (∼ 33 % of the total GOM) at the inland site during nighttime. In the marine boundary layer (MBL) atmosphere, Br and BrO became dominant GEM oxidants, with mixing ratios reaching 0.1 and 1 pptv, respectively, and contributing ∼ 70 % of the total GOM production during midday, while O3 dominated GEM oxidation (50–90 % of GOM production) over the remaining day when Br and BrO mixing ratios were diminished. The majority of HgBr produced from GEM+Br was oxidized by NO2 and HO2 to form brominated GOM species. Relative humidity and products of the CH3O2+BrO reaction possibly significantly affected the mixing ratios of Br or BrO radicals and subsequently GOM formation. Gas–particle partitioning could potentially be important in the production of GOM as well as Br and BrO at the marine site.
The 1816 ‘year without a summer’ in an atmospheric reanalysis
Authors: Brohan Philip , Compo Gilbert P. , Brönnimann Stefan , Allan Robert J. , Auchmann Renate , Brugnara Yuri , Sardeshmukh Prashant D. , Whitaker Jeffrey S.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Two hundred years ago a very cold and wet summer devastated agriculture in Europe and North America, causing widespread food shortages, unrest and suffering – the "year without a summer". This is usually blamed on the eruption of Mount Tambora, in Indonesia, the previous April, but making a link between these two events has proven difficult, as the major impacts were at smaller space and time-scales than we can reconstruct with tree-ring observations and climate model simulations. Here we show that the very limited network of station barometer observations for the period is nevertheless enough to enable a dynamical atmospheric reanalysis to reconstruct the daily weather of summer 1816, over much of Europe. Adding stratospheric aerosol from the Tambora eruption to the reanalysis improves its reconstruction, explicitly linking the volcano to the weather impacts.
Evidence of cosmic recurrent and lagged millennia-scale patterns and
consequent forecasts: multi-scale responses of solar activity (SA) to
planetary gravitational forcing (PGF)
Authors: Sánchez-Sesma Jorge
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Solar activity (SA) oscillations over the past millennia are analyzed and extrapolated based on reconstructed solar-related records. Here, simple recurrent models of SA signal are applied and tested. The consequent results strongly suggest the following: (a) the existence of multi-millennial ( ∼ 9500-year) scale solar patterns linked with planetary gravitational forcing (PGF), and (b) their persistence, over at least the last glacial–interglacial cycle, but possibly since the Miocene (10.5 Myr ago). This empirical modeling of solar recurrent patterns has also provided a consequent multi-millennial-scale experimental forecast, suggesting a solar decreasing trend toward grand (super) minimum conditions for the upcoming period, AD 2050–2250 (AD 3750–4450). Taking into account the importance of these estimated SA scenarios, a comparison is made with other SA forecasts. In Appendixes A and B, we provide further verification, testing and analysis of solar recurrent patterns since geological eras, and their potential gravitational forcing.
Efficacy of bedrock erosion by subglacial water flow
Authors: Beaud F. , Flowers G. E. , Venditti J. G.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Bedrock erosion by sediment-bearing subglacial water remains little-studied; however, the process is thought to contribute to bedrock erosion rates in glaciated landscapes and is implicated in the excavation of tunnel valleys and the incision of inner gorges. We adapt physics-based models of fluvial abrasion to the subglacial environment, assembling the first model designed to quantify bedrock erosion caused by transient subglacial water flow. The subglacial drainage model consists of a one-dimensional network of cavities dynamically coupled to one or several Röthlisberger channels (R-channels). The bedrock erosion model is based on the tools and cover effect, whereby particles entrained by the flow impact exposed bedrock. We explore the dependency of glacial meltwater erosion on the structure and magnitude of water input to the system, the ice geometry, and the sediment supply. We find that erosion is not a function of water discharge alone, but also depends on channel size, water pressure, and sediment supply, as in fluvial systems. Modelled glacial meltwater erosion rates are 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower than the expected rates of total glacial erosion required to produce the sediment supply rates we impose, suggesting that glacial meltwater erosion is negligible at the basin scale. Nevertheless, due to the extreme localization of glacial meltwater erosion (at the base of R-channels), this process can carve bedrock (Nye) channels. In fact, our simulations suggest that the incision of bedrock channels several centimetres deep and a few metres wide can occur in a single year. Modelled incision rates indicate that subglacial water flow can gradually carve a tunnel valley and enhance the relief or even initiate the carving of an inner gorge.
Microfluidic measurement of cell motility in response to applied non-homogeneous DC electric fields
Authors: Rio Marisa , Bola Sharanya , Funk Richard H. W. , Gerlach Gerald
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Endogenous electric fields (EFs) play an important role in many biological processes. In order to gain an insight into these biological phenomena, externally applied electric fields are used to study cellular responses. In this work, we report the construction and fabrication of a direct current (DC)-electrically stimulated microfluidic biochip and its validation with murine photoreceptor-derived 661 W cells. The presented device has the particularity of offering a non-homogeneous EF environment that best resembles the endogenous electric fields in vitro. The fabrication process is relatively easy, namely by photolithography and soft lithography techniques and, furthermore, it enables live-cell imaging under an inverted microscope. First experimental results reveal cathodal directional cell migration upon applied DC EFs. In summary, the microfluidic biochip has proven biocompatibility and suitability for cellular electrotaxis experiments in non-homogeneous DC electric fields.
Coastal dynamics and submarine permafrost in shallow water of the central Laptev Sea, East Siberia
Authors: Overduin Pier Paul , Wetterich Sebastian , Günther Frank , Grigoriev Mikhail N. , Grosse Guido , Schirrmeister Lutz , Hubberten Hans-Wolfgang , Makarov Aleksandr
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Coastal erosion and flooding transform terrestrial landscapes into marine environments. In the Arctic, these processes inundate terrestrial permafrost with seawater and create submarine permafrost. Permafrost begins to warm under marine conditions, which can destabilize the sea floor and may release greenhouse gases. We report on the transition of terrestrial to submarine permafrost at a site where the timing of inundation can be inferred from the rate of coastline retreat. On Muostakh Island in the central Laptev Sea, East Siberia, changes in annual coastline position have been measured for decades and vary highly spatially. We hypothesize that these rates are inversely related to the inclination of the upper surface of submarine ice-bonded permafrost (IBP) based on the consequent duration of inundation with increasing distance from the shoreline. We compared rapidly eroding and stable coastal sections of Muostakh Island and find permafrost-table inclinations, determined using direct current resistivity, of 1 and 5 %, respectively. Determinations of submarine IBP depth from a drilling transect in the early 1980s were compared to resistivity profiles from 2011. Based on borehole observations, the thickness of unfrozen sediment overlying the IBP increased from 0 to 14 m below sea level with increasing distance from the shoreline. The geoelectrical profiles showed thickening of the unfrozen sediment overlying ice-bonded permafrost over the 28 years since drilling took place. We use geoelectrical estimates of IBP depth to estimate permafrost degradation rates since inundation. Degradation rates decreased from over 0.4 m a−1 following inundation to around 0.1 m a−1 at the latest after 60 to 110 years and remained constant at this level as the duration of inundation increased to 250 years. We suggest that long-term rates are lower than these values, as the depth to the IBP increases and thermal and porewater solute concentration gradients over depth decrease. For the study region, recent increases in coastal erosion rate and changes in benthic temperature and salinity regimes are expected to affect the depth to submarine permafrost, leading to coastal regions with shallower IBP.
Age of the Mt. Ortles ice cores, the Tyrolean Iceman and glaciation of the highest summit of South Tyrol since the Northern Hemisphere Climatic Optimum
Authors: Gabrielli Paolo , Barbante Carlo , Bertagna Giuliano , Bertó Michele , Binder Daniel , Carton Alberto , Carturan Luca , Cazorzi Federico , Cozzi Giulio , Dalla Fontana Giancarlo , Davis Mary , De Blasi Fabrizio , Dinale Roberto , Dragà Gianfranco , Dreossi Giuliano , Festi Daniela , Frezzotti Massimo , Gabrieli Jacopo , Galos Stephan , Ginot Patrick , Heidenwolf Petra , Jenk Theo M. , Kehrwald Natalie , Kenny Donald , Magand Olivier , Mair Volkmar , Mikhalenko Vladimir , Lin Ping Nan , Oeggl Klaus , Piffer Gianni , Rinaldi Mirko , Schotterer Ulrich , Schwikowski Margit , Seppi Roberto , Spolaor Andrea , Stenni Barbara , Tonidandel Davdi , Uglietti CChiara , Zagorodnov Victor , Zanoner Thomas , Zennaro Piero
Published: July 2016

Abstract. In 2011 four ice cores were extracted from the summit of Alto dell'Ortles (3859 m), the highest glacier of South Tyrol in the Italian Alps. This drilling site is located only 37 km southwest from where the ~5.2 kyrs old Tyrolean Iceman was discovered emerging from the ablating ice field of Tisenjoch (3210 m, near the Italian-Austrian border) in 1991. The excellent preservation of this mummy suggested that the Tyrolean Iceman was continuously embedded in coeval prehistoric ice and that additional ancient ice was likely preserved elsewhere in South Tyrol. Dating of the ice cores from Alto dell'Ortles based on 210Pb, 3H, beta activity and 14C determinations, combined with an empirical model (COPRA), provides evidence of a chronologically ordered ice stratigraphy from the modern glacier surface down to the bottom ice layers with an age of ∼7 kyrs which confirms the hypothesis. Our results indicate that the drilling site was continuously glaciated on frozen bedrock since ∼7 kyrs BP. Absence of older ice on the highest glacier of South Tyrol is consistent with removal of basal ice from bedrock during the Northern Hemisphere Climatic Optimum (6-9 kyrs BP), the warmest interval in the European Alps during the Holocene. Borehole inclinometric measurements of the current glacier flow combined with surface GPR measurements indicate that, due to the sustained atmospheric warming since the 1980s, an acceleration of the glacier Alto dell’Ortles flow has just recently begun. Given the stratigraphic-chronological continuity of the Mt. Ortles cores over millennia, it can be argued that this behaviour is unprecedented since the Northern Hemisphere Climatic Optimum.
Big playerbase, big data: On data analytics methodologies and their applicability to studying multiplayer games and culture
Authors: Egliston Ben
Published: July 2016

Rapport with big data is something of a methodological rarity in empirical work on videogames, particularly within humanities oriented literature; an unusual omission considering the scope of many multiplayer game environments. Addressing this, the present work ventures the question ‘how can research into multiplayer videogames benefit from the use of big data’? I offer a response through a case study of Valve Software’s multiplayer game Dota 2, presenting a number of approaches which draw on player data analytics. In addition to mapping out frameworks for empirical research, I explore the theoretical dimensions of porting analytics based approaches to studies of multiplayer videogames, charting perceived incompatibilities between analytics approaches and popular ontologies of play, and how the prevalence of relational ontologies of play privilege particular modes of empirical inquiry.
“Til þat he neӡed ful neghe into þe Norþe Walez”: Gawain's Postcolonial Turn
Authors: Smith Joshua Byron
Published: July 2016

This article reassesses how Sir Gawain and the Green Knight presents Wales and suggests that the poet's view of Wales has generally been misunderstood. In Gawain, Wales is not a land of exotic romance. Instead, North Wales is regarded a safe haven, an English outpost in an otherwise hostile land. This article shows that, even from an English perspective, Middle English literature sometimes describes Wales in surprisingly nuanced ways. Gawain implicitly contrasts friendly English Wales with the rough “barbaric” territory of Snowdonia.
Architectural Satire in the Tales of the Miller and Reeve
Authors: Twomey Michael W. , Stull Scott D.
Published: July 2016

The houses in the Miller's and Reeve's Tales mutely speak to Chaucer's characterization of John the Carpenter and Symkyn the Miller in ways that hitherto have been only partially recognized. Since medieval houses determined social interaction via their layouts, traffic patterns, and entrances/exits, all of which are crucial in the two tales, this article demonstrates how archaeology and literary criticism together can illuminate the satirical implications of the tales' two houses. Recognizing the clarity and purposefulness of Chaucer's architectural logistics, we reconstruct the houses of John the Carpenter and Symkyn the Miller, showing how they support Chaucer's satire of their owners' economic aspirations and social pretensions.
Odd Bits of Troilus and Criseyde and the Rights of Chaucer's Early Readers
Authors: Quinn William A.
Published: July 2016

Some sixteen so-called “fragments” of Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde still survive in addition to its major (though sometimes incomplete) textual witnesses. These fragments have, not without cause, been largely ignored as valueless. Yet, actual perusal of these odd bits as physical evidence of the poem's circulation discloses a variety of interpretive protocols practiced by Chaucer's earliest readers.
“Ich schreyberin”: Rethinking Female Authorship with Anna Eybin's Table of Contents
Authors: Poor Sara S.
Published: July 2016

Anna Eybin, provost of the Augustinian convent Pillenreuth near Nuremberg from 1461 to 1476, was a prolific compiler and scribe of books for her religious community. In her book of saints' lives, Eybin also includes a detailed, though incomplete, table of contents. A comparison of the descriptions in the contents with the texts in the book provides specific examples of textual composition. In addition, an analysis of certain emphases in the contents underscores the way that writing is foregrounded as a theme in Eybin's legendary. In particular, the life of Queen Anastasia foregrounds a scene of writing that mirrors Eybin's scribal activity as well as a scene of conversion through reading that mirrors the roles of Eybin's readers. The article concludes that a broader conception of authorship that includes activity such as Eybin's, as well as that of her readers, helps us to realize a more diverse literary history.
Female Authorship in the Augustinian Convent of Jericho and the Translation of Conrad of Saxony's Speculum beatae Mariae virginis in Sermons by Maria van Pee and Janne Colijns
Authors: Stoop Patricia
Published: July 2016

In the fifteenth century the Augustinian canonesses of the Brussels convent of Jericho had a large, creative share in the preservation of the sermons that they heard their confessors preach in the convent's church. Previous research has studied their methods of working as well as their motivation in taking up their pens. Less attention has been paid thus far, however, to the integration of written sources into those sermons. This article, therefore, focuses on two sermons by Sisters Maria van Pee and Janne Colijns that are based on the tenth lectio from the Speculum beatae Mariae virginis by the thirteenth-century Franciscan author Conrad of Saxony. By comparing the ways both canonesses dealt with this text (presumably in Latin), this article aims to shed more light on the sisters' literacies and to arrive at a more nuanced view of their authorship.
Genealogies of Morals: Nietzsche's Method Compared
Authors: Prinz Jesse
Published: July 2016

Nietzsche is not the only philosopher to have proposed a genealogy of morals. Other historicizing moves can be found in the British moralist tradition and in Marxist political theory. This paper compares Nietzsche's genealogical method to these other two, which are termed “utilitarian” and “materialist,” respectively. Contemporary adherents are also discussed, and some advantages of Nietzschean genealogy are adduced.
The Troubled Union of History and Psychology in Nietzsche's Genealogy
Authors: Chaudhri Rahul
Published: July 2016

Jesse Prinz compares and contrasts three important genealogical methods that have been employed to trace the history of morals: utilitarian genealogy, which has its roots in the British moralist tradition, materialist genealogy, which has its roots in Marxist political theory and, finally, Nietzschean genealogy. Prinz argues that Nietzsche's genealogical method has several advantages over the other two, and that it deserves to be taken more seriously by contemporary philosophers interested in studying the history of morality. One unique and compelling feature of Nietzsche's genealogical method that Prinz counts in its favor is that it combines serious attention to actual history with equally serious attention to the role psychological forces might play in driving historical change. In this paper, I argue that while this combination of history and psychology is indeed a unique feature of Nietzsche's genealogical method, it is also one of its most puzzling and problematic features.
History, Genealogy, Nietzsche: Comments on Jesse Prinz, “Genealogies of Morals: Nietzsche's Method Compared”
Authors: Migotti Mark
Published: July 2016

Jesse Prinz contrasts Nietzsche's way of historicizing morals with the approaches of utilitarians and Marxist-materialists, and does so to good effect. Against a background of substantial agreement on most of what Prinz argues for, I elucidate a significant shortcoming of his interpretation of Nietzschean genealogy: namely, its reliance on a simplistic understanding of how and why Nietzsche integrates historical hypotheses about how morality emerged and developed with critical warnings about where it seems to be headed. Using Nietzsche's teasing remarks about “the English psychologists” in the opening sections of GM I as a foil, I develop an account of the difference between a simple history of morals and a true, Nietzschean genealogy of morals that does a better job than Prinz does here of achieving his stated goal of identifying the advantages of Nietzsche's genealogy of morals over the utilitarian and Marxist-materialist versions.
Scientific Fictionalism and the Problem of Inconsistency in Nietzsche
Authors: Remhof Justin
Published: July 2016

In this article, I begin to develop Nietzsche's scientific fictionalism in order to make headway toward resolving a central interpretive issue in his epistemology. For Nietzsche knowledge claims are falsifications. Presumably, this is a result of his puzzling view that truths are somehow false. I argue that Nietzsche thinks knowledge claims are falsifications because he embraces a scientific fictionalist view according to which inexact representations, which are false, can also be accurate, or true, and that this position is not inconsistent.
Feeling, Not Freedom: Nietzsche Against Agency
Authors: Miyasaki Donovan
Published: July 2016

This paper argues that although Nietzsche's rejection of free will leaves no room for a morally substantial, compatibilist conception of freedom of agency, freedom nevertheless plays an important role in his positive moral philosophy, since Nietzsche's higher human types are characterized by a heightened feeling of freedom—a qualitative affect without deeper substance. Moreover, because the feeling of freedom is increased by resistance, it requires a limitation of practical freedom—a relative constraint of ability, strength, and activity rather than their absolute promotion. Nietzsche's higher types are, if anything, less free than others. Consequently, his criterion for human enhancement cannot be that of quantitatively greater freedom, power, or agency. Rather, it is measured according to the intensity of an individual's feelings of freedom, agency and power, and of the love of fate that the illusory feeling of freedom promotes.
Los desafíos de la coordinación intersectorial: Un análisis de la implementación del Programa de Apoyo al Recién Nacido
Authors: Opazo David
Published: July 2016

Esta investigación analiza la estructura del Programa de Apoyo al Recién Nacido, parte de las prestaciones del Sistema Integral a la Infancia de Chile Crece Contigo, desde una perspectiva intersectorial. Se examina la implementación y la coordinación de Programas intersectoriales en los que participan distintos sectores, tanto gubernamentales como privados. Se concluye que los principales fallos están asociados a una mejora de la gestión del programa y no a cambios en su estructura organizacional. Se recomienda fortalecer los talleres prenatales, contar con personal a nivel de la Red Hospitalaria directamente asociado al Programa e implementar un sistema de registro y gestión que permita superar las brechas de información y fortalecer la totalidad del Programa.
SUMÁRIO
Authors: UFPR Biblioteca Digital de Periódicos
Published: July 2016

SUMMARY
APLICAÇÃO DA LÓGICA NEBULOSA (FUZZY CLUSTER) NA DEFINIÇÃO DE UNIDADES CLIMÁTICAS: ESTUDO DE CASO NA BACIA DO RIO PARAIBUNA-MG/RJ
Authors: Ferreira Cássia Castro Martins
Published: July 2016

Este trabalho tem como objetivo à classificação de grupos climáticos segundo variáveis climáticas utilizando o método de classificação multivariada baseado na lógica nebulosa, visando identificar classes similares, além de avaliar a variabilidade espacial e temporal dos agrupamentos. A área de análise e classificação das categorias climáticas consiste na Bacia do Rio Paraibuna – MG/RJ, na qual foram delimitados três anos de análise (janeiro/2008 a dezembro/2010), tendo como base de dados para o trabalho, 20 postos de coleta de dados de superfície, que consistiram nos dados de temperatura média diária, temperatura mínima diária, temperatura máxima diária, amplitude térmica diária, precipitação total diária, dias de chuva, deficiência e excedente hídricos e evapotranspiração. A metodologia utilizada para classificar as categorias climáticas foi a Lógica Fuzzy, os dados foram agrupados através do algoritmo FCM (“Fuzzy-C-Means”) que estabeleceu o maior grau de similaridade entre as variáveis. Como resultado, obteve-se a classificação da área da bacia em cinco categorias climáticas, mostrando que a lógica fuzzy é uma metodologia que pode ser utilizada na classificação de categorias climáticas.
ANÁLISE DO BALANÇO HÍDRICO CLIMATOLÓGICO DO SISTEMA AQUÍFERO GUARANI, EM SUA ÁREA DE AFLORAMENTOS NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Santos Maurício Moreira , Chang Maria Rita Caetano , Kiang Chang Hung
Published: July 2016

A pluviosidade e a temperatura do ar representam atributos fundamentais na análise dos climas tropicais, refletindo a atuação das principais correntes de circulação atmosférica e fornecendo subsídios essenciais para a avaliação do balanço hídrico regional. A partir da análise de dados de precipitação e temperatura disponíveis na área de afloramento do Sistema Aquífero Guarani (SAG) no estado de São Paulo, procedeu-se à determinação do balanço hídrico regional e ao cálculo da recarga direta por precipitação. Os dados pluviométricos e de temperatura utilizados pertencem à série histórica de 1982 a 1995, obtidos junto ao Departamento de Água e Energia Elétrica do Estado de São Paulo (DAEE). Constatou-se que as taxas pluviométricas na área de afloramento das formações geológicas constituintes do SAG são da ordem de 1400 mm/ano a 1600 mm/ano, com média para o período levantado de 1570 mm/ano, sendo o excedente hídrico estimado em um volume total médio de 604 mm/ano, possibilitando o cálculo da reserva ativa do SAG em aproximadamente 4,4 x 108 m3/ano.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE REGIÕES PLUVIOMETRICAMENTE HOMOGÊNEAS NO NORDESTE DO BRASIL USANDO ANÁLISE MULTIVARIADA
Authors: Santos Winícius Araújo , Souza Francisco De A. Saviano de
Published: July 2016

São aplicadas técnicas multivariadas às séries de precipitação pluvial na região Nordeste do Brasil. Utilizaram-se séries de dados mensais de precipitação para todo o Nordeste brasileiro oriundas das séries do National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) gradeadas numa resolução espacial de 0,5° x 0,5°, para o período de 1961-1990. Usaram-se os métodos de Componentes Principais e Análise de Agrupamentos para determinar os padrões espacial e temporal e regiões homogêneas com relação à precipitação pluvial. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que quatro regiões climaticamente homogêneas podem caracterizar a distribuição da precipitação no Nordeste do Brasil, quais sejam: a identificada como grupo 1 que representa a região do norte (meio-norte) e tem como principal sistema indutor de chuva os vórtices ciclônicos de ar superior; a identificada como grupo 2, que engloba o semiárido nordestino e está sob influência da ação direta da zona de convergência intertropical; o grupo 3, cuja proximidade com o cerrado central se faz presente e é influenciado pelas frentes frias provenientes da parte mais ao sul do país e, finalmente o grupo 4, o qual predominantemente é costeiro, se estendendo deste do sul da Bahia até o extremo leste do Rio Grande do Norte e tem como principal sistema indutor de chuva as ondas de leste, e em menor escala o efeito das brisas.
OSCILAÇÃO DA PRESSÃO EM TAHITI E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A VARIAÇÃO DO VENTO ZONAL NO BRASIL
Authors: Santos André Gonçalo dos , Molion Luiz Carlo Baldicero
Published: July 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o grau de associação entre a oscilação da pressão atmosférica ao nível do mar (PNM) em Tahiti e o vento zonal (VZ) em 850mbno Brasil. Para esse propósito, foi utilizado um conjunto de dados de reanálise do NCEP/NCAR de PNM e VZ, para um período que compreende duas fases da Oscilação Decadal do Pacífico (ODP), uma fase fria (1948-1976) e outra quente (1977-1998). Primeiramente, foi desenvolvida uma série temporal do Índice de PNM Padronizado em Tahiti (IPPT), que foi correlacionado com a variável acima mencionada sobre o Brasil. O software GrADS foi usado para confeccionar os mapas de coeficientes de correlação entre  o IPPT   e VZ. A correlação espacial foi feita para a variável em cada fase (fria e quente) da ODP separadamente, e foram encontrados valores de coeficientes de correlações diretas e inversas entre o IPPT e o VZ, superiores a 0,5 em algumas regiões, com nível de significânciaestatísticade até 99% em ambas as fases da ODP. Correlações adiantadas de até 5 meses também foram feitas entre o IPPT e o VZ, e os resultados sugeriram que o IPPT se adequou como bom previsor do VZ com até 5 meses de antecedência, com significância estatística acima dos 98% para algumas regiões da área de estudo. Deste modo, concluiu-se que é inegável a influência da oscilação da pressão do oceano Pacífico (Ilha de Tahiti) sobre a variação do vento zonal no Brasil, e tal informação ajudará no processo de planejamento das atividades agrícolas e sociais.