bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weaponized IoT: A Comprehensive Comparative Forensic Analysis of Hacker Raspberry Pi and PC Kali Linux Machine
Authors: Ghanem Mohamed Chahine , Almeida Palmieri Eduardo , Sowinski-Mydlarz Wiktor , Al-Sudani Sahar , Dunsin Dipo
Published: January 2025

The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has introduced new challenges for digital forensic investigators due to their diverse architectures, communication protocols, and security vulnerabilities. This research paper presents a case study focusing on the forensic investigation of an IoT device, specifically a Raspberry Pi configured with Kali Linux as a hacker machine. The study aims to highlight differences and challenges in investigating Weaponized IoT as well as establish a comprehensive methodology to analyse IoT devices involved in cyber incidents. The investigation begins with the acquisition of digital evidence from the Raspberry Pi device, including volatile memory, and disk images. Various forensic tools and utilities are utilized to extract and analyse data, tools such as Exterro FTK, Magnet AXIOM and open-source tools such as and Volatility, Wireshark, Autopsy. The analysis encompasses examining system artefacts, log files, installed applications, and network connections to reconstruct the device's activities and identify potential evidence proving that the user perpetuated security breaches or malicious activities. The findings of this research contribute to the advancement of IoT forensic capabilities by providing insights into the methodologies and best practices for investigating IoT devices, particularly those configured as hacker machines. The case study serves as a practical demonstration of the forensic techniques applicable to IoT environments, facilitating the development of protocols, standards, and training programs for IoT forensic investigators. Ultimately, enhancing forensic readiness in IoT deployments is essential for mitigating cyber threats, preserving digital evidence, and ensuring the integrity of IoT ecosystems.
Optimization of Active Disturbance Rejection Control System for Vehicle Servo Platform Based on Artificial Intelligence Algorithm
Authors: Yang Fei , Su Xiaopeng , Ren Xuemei
Published: January 2025

The rapid growth of automotive intelligence and automation technology has made it difficult for traditional in vehicle servo systems to satisfy the demands of modern intelligent systems when facing complex problems such as external disturbances, nonlinearity, and parameter uncertainty. To improve the anti-interference ability and control accuracy of the system, this study proposes a joint control method of electronic mechanical braking control combined with anti-lock braking system. This method has developed a new type of actuator in the electronic mechanical brake control system, and introduced particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the parameters of the self disturbance rejection control system. At the same time, it combines adaptive inversion algorithm to optimize the anti-lock braking system. The results indicated that the speed variation of the developed actuator and the actual signal completely stopped at 1.9 seconds. During speed control and deceleration, the actuator could respond quickly and accurately to control commands as expected. On asphalt pavement, the maximum slip rate error of the optimized control method was 0.0428, while the original control method was 0.0492. The optimized method reduced the maximum error by about 12.9%. On icy and snowy roads, the maximum error of the optimization method was 0.0632, significantly lower than the original method's 0.1266. The optimization method could significantly reduce slip rate fluctuations under extreme road conditions. The proposed method can significantly improve the control performance of the vehicle mounted servo platform, reduce the sensitivity of the system to external disturbances, and has high practical value.
Uncovering Subclinical Cardiac Involvement in Vedoss: An Echocardiographic Driven Study
Authors: Capparelli Eugenio , Zaccara Eleonora , Suardi Ilaria , Laria Antonella , Castelnovo Laura , Mauric Eleonora , Bompane Daniela , Tamburello Antonio , Iacovantuono Maria , Chimenti Maria Sole , Mazzone Antonino , Faggioli Paola
Published: January 2025

Background: The 2011 Very Early Diagnosis of Systemic Sclerosis (VEDOSS) criteria include patients at risk of progression and those with mild, non-progressive forms of SSc. Early diastolic and systolic dysfunction can indicate myocardial fibrosis in SSc patients, yet data on myocardial impairment in the VEDOSS population are limited. Objectives: This study aimed to identify subclinical echocardiographic changes and predictive markers of cardiac dysfunction in both very early and mild-longstanding forms of VEDOSS. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional ob-servational study involving 81 patients meeting VEDOSS criteria followed up regular-ly within our Scleroderma referral center. Patients were categorized as early VEDOSS (e-VEDOSS) or mild-longstanding VEDOSS (ml-VEDOSS) based on disease duration (≥10 years). We analyzed clinical and demographic data, focusing on echocardio-graphic parameters such as the E/A ratio and left ventricular (LV) thickness. Statistical analyses included Chi-square, Fischer exact, and Student's T tests, with a significance threshold of p<0.05. Results: ml-VEDOSS patients were older and had longer diagnostic delays, with a higher burden of comorbidities. Autoantibody-positive patients exhibited lower E/A ratios and increased left atrial size. Notably, patients with reduced E/A ratios were older, had more comorbidities, and lower DLCO% values. Multivariable analysis confirmed DLCO% as the sole predictor of both diastolic and systolic impairment in both groups. Conclusion: Careful Monitoring of cardiac function in VEDOSS patients is crucial as subclinical alterations may occur even in the absence of symptoms. DLCO% emerged as an important predictor of diastolic dysfunction.
A New Earth’s Crustal Velocity Field Estimation from ROA cGNSS Stations Network in South of Spain and North Africa
Authors: Rodríguez Collantes David , Blanco Hernández Abel , de Lacy Pérez de los Cobos María Clara , Galindo-Zaldivar Jesús , Gil Antonio J , Sánchez Piedra Manuel Ángel , Mastere Mohamed , Ouchen Ibrahim
Published: January 2025

The convergence zone of the Eurasian (EURA) plate in the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa plate (NUBIA) is primarily marked by the activity between the Betics in Spain and the Rif and Atlas mountain ranges in Morocco, as well as the Alboran Sea. This area, where the diffuse tectonics between these plates are currently converging in a NW-SE direction, presents several continuous fault zones, such as the Betic-Alboran-Rif shear zone, which experiences daily seismic activity, notably in the Alhucemas Bay (Nekor basin). The Royal Institute and Observatory of the Spanish Navy (ROA) currently operates geodetic stations in various parts of North Africa, some in particularly interesting locations such as the Alhucemas (ALHU) and Vélez (PVLZ) rocks, or the Chafarinas Islands (CHAF). However, there are also other stations in more stable areas within the Nubian plate, such as Tiouine (TIOU). For the first time, the displacement velocities of the ROA CGNSS stations have been estimated to provide additional geodynamic information in an area with a few stations. This study mainly describes the geodetic results, where the obtained velocities have been compared with other recent studies in this field that included data older than 10 years or episodic campaigns without continuous stations. The PRIDE and SARI software were used for processing, and the velocities obtained by the ROA for international stations (RABT, SFER, MALA, HUEL, LAGO, TARI, and ALME). These initial results confirm the convergence trend between Eurasia and Nubia of approximately 4 mm/year in the NW-SE direction. It is also evident that there is independent behavior among the Atlas stations and those in the Moroccan Meseta compared to those located in the Rif mountain range, which could indicate the separation of smaller tectonic domains within the continental plate convergence zone. Along the Rif coast, an approach of the faults in Al Hoceima Bay is observed, as well as a slight clockwise displacement further towards Melilla, which could also be evidenced by stations in the Middle Atlas, such as TAZA. As for the stations in the Strait of Gibraltar, they exhibit similar behavior until reaching the diffuse zone of the Guadalquivir basin, where the diffuse convergence zone may exist. This may explain why stations to the north of the basin, such as LIJA or HUEL, change their behavior compared to nearby ones like SFER in the south. Furthermore, Alboran seems to follow the same displacement in direction and velocity as the other stations in North Africa and southern Spain.
Advancing Sustainable Development: Addressing Energy Poverty in West Africa Through Green Financing, Technological Innovation and Economic Empowerment
Authors: Amer Alrmah Saied R , Kareem Ponle Henry
Published: January 2025

Energy poverty is a new issue in the World and the developing nations are not an exception. The West African nations exhibit serious problems on the accessibility and affordability of energy in rural areas and in urban areas. The major concern is the conventional fuels that they widely use as alternatives once faced with energy access problems. These fuels damages the surroundings and deteriorates the health systems of people. Therefore, this study is motivated in addressing the energy poverty issues in the West African nations and present vigorous mechanisms that are essential in solving this crisis. The lack of studies and the lack of robust policies informing ways that can adopted to lower energy poverty in this region, requires new contemporary studies to present. Thus, this study examines the interplay of green finance, income, and technology in reducing energy poverty in the West African nations. The fourteen West African nations are therefore examined and their data for the period 2004 to 2020 is used. Data analysis methodologies adopted ensures the employment of ‘Methods of Moments Quantile Regression’ technique to ensure problems of ‘cross-sectional dependence’ and ‘heterogeneity’ are overcome. Our findings shows that energy poverty in the West African nations could be lowered with advancements in technology, utilisation of green finance and improvements in the income levels in this region. The income generated from the natural resources and foreign direct investment inflows fails to reduce energy poverty and worsens it in this region. Therefore, we show that improvements in the institutional quality and the adoption of green technological tools are key in reducing energy poverty.
Preserving and Promoting Saudi Heritage Nationally and Globally: The Role of the Saudi Heritage Commission
Authors: Almakaty Safran
Published: January 2025

This paper is to investigate the pivotal role of the Saudi Heritage Commission in the preservation and promotion of Saudi heritage and culture, both locally and internationally. By addressing the research question, "How does the Saudi Heritage Commission contribute to the preservation and promotion of Saudi heritage?" I explore three sub-questions focusing on local preservation strategies, international cultural promotion efforts, and the measurable impacts of these initiatives. Utilizing a qualitative methodology, It examines various strategies employed by the Commission, including community engagement, technological integration, and cultural diplomacy. The findings reveal a multi-faceted approach that successfully enhances global awareness of Saudi culture while promoting cultural pride and economic benefits. However, challenges such as resource allocation and authentic representation persist, highlighting the need for ongoing evaluation and adaptation. This study contributes to the understanding of cultural heritage preservation and offers insights for similar initiatives worldwide.
Entropy and Stability in Blockchain Consensus Dynamics
Authors: Anagnostakis Aristidis G , Glavas Euripidis
Published: January 2025

Every Blockchain architecture is built upon two major pillars: a. The hash-based, block-binding mechanism and b. The consensus-achievement mechanism. While the entropic behavior of a. has been extensively studied in the literature over the past decades, the same does not hold for b. In this work, we explore the entropic behavior of the fully distributed Blockchain consensus mechanisms. We quantify the impact of witnessing as a consensus-achievement process under the perspectives of Shannon information entropy and Lyapunov stability. We demonstrate that Blockchain consensus, expressed as the complement of the collective disagreement in a system, is a Lyapunov function of the number of active witnesses W. The more the witnessing in a system, the less the entropy of the system becomes, pushing it to converge to more stable states. We prove that the entropy drop is steepest for low values of W. A new metric for the efficiency of the consensus process based on the Shannon information entropy is introduced, laying the foundations for future studies on Blockchain-based systems optimization.
Sarcopenia in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Narrative Review from Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Tsai Chung-Ching , Wang Ping-Chen , Hsiung Ted , Fan Yang-Hsin , Wu Jui-Teng , Kan Wei-Chih , Shiao Chih-Chung
Published: January 2025

In chronic kidney disease (CKD), protein degradation outweighs protein synthesis, leading to imbalanced cellular protein turnover and a loss of protein and cell mass im-pairing tissue function. Sarcopenia, characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, is a significant complication in CKD. In light of limited articles comprehensively synthesizing the clinical knowledge on sarcopenia, this narrative review explores the pathophysiological mechanisms linking CKD and sarcopenia, including metabolic, hormonal, inflammatory, and nutritional factors. Current diagnostic criteria and highlights of the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis and miRNA alterations in muscle wasting are also discussed. This review predominantly incorporates viewpoints from research from the past and a few classic papers to support the stance of this research. Therapeutic strategies are multifaceted, encompassing nutritional interventions, exercise, anabolic agents, vitamin D supplementation, and correction of metabolic acidosis. Emerging therapies targeting the gut-muscle axis and epigenetic modifications are also considered. Despite advancements, sarcopenia remains un-der-recognized and undertreated in CKD patients. Future research should focus on understanding the molecular pathways of sarcopenia, identifying novel biomarkers for early detection, and developing personalized treatment strategies. Addressing barriers to exercise and nutritional interventions is critical for successful implementation. Overall, sarcopenia in CKD is a multifaceted condition, involved in an interplay between metabolic, hormonal, inflammatory, and nutritional factors. Such mechanisms require comprehensive management strategies in practice, especially through nutritional interventions, pharmaco-logical approaches, and emerging therapies targeting the gut-muscle axis and epigenetic modifications. This review highlights the complex interplay of these mechanisms and underscores the importance of comprehensive management strategies. Nutritional interventions, including adequate protein and vitamin D supplementation and regular physical activity, are essential for mitigating muscle wasting. Pharmacological approaches, such as anabolic agents and anti-inflammatory treatments, show promise but require further research to establish optimal regimens. Emerging therapies targeting the gut-muscle axis and epigenetic modifications offer new avenues for treatment.
Impact Assessment of Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic Systems on Power Distribution Grid: A Case Study on a Highly Loaded Feeder in Ulaanbaatar Ger District
Authors: Bat-Orgil Turmandakh , Bayarkhuu Battuvshin , Dugarjav Bayasgalan , Paek Insu
Published: January 2025

Diffusing solar photovoltaic (PV) systems is believed to be a promising solution for energy crises and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This encourages households, organizations, and enterprises to install solar PV systems. On the contrary, there are many solar PV systems connected to the power distribution grid without required procedures. Power distribution grid operators cannot detect the locations of these solar PV systems. Thus, it is necessary to assess the impact of solar PV systems on the power distribution grid in detail, even though there are multiple economic and environmental advantages associated with installing solar PV systems. This study analyzes the changes in an overloaded power distribution grid's power losses and voltage deviations with solar PV systems. There are two main factors considered for assessing the impact of the solar PV system on the power distribution grid: the total installed capacity of the solar PV systems and the location of the connection. Based on a comparison between the measurement results of three feeders with higher loads in the Ulaanbaatar area, the Dambadarjaa feeder, which has the highest load, was selected. The impact of the solar PV systems on the selected feeder is analyzed by connecting 8 cases of solar PV systems at four different locations. Their total installed capacities vary between 25 and 80 percent of the highest daily load of the selected feeder. The results show that the power loss of the feeder can be greatly reduced when the total installed capacity of the solar PV systems is selected optimally, and the location of the connection is at the end of the power distribution grid.
Using Investments in Solar Photovoltaics as Inflation Hedges
Authors: Sadat Seyyed Ali , Mittal Kashish , Pearce Joshua M.
Published: January 2025

Mainstream strategies for protecting wealth from inflation involve diversification into traditional assets like common stocks, gold, fixed-income securities, and real estate. However, a significant contributor to inflation has been the rising energy prices, which have been the main underlying cause of several past recessions and high inflation periods. Investments in distributed generation with solar photovoltaics (PV) present a promising opportunity to hedge against inflation, considering non-taxed profits from PV energy generation. To investigate that potential, this study quantifies the return on investment (ROI), internal rate of return (IRR), payback period, net present cost, and levelized cost of energy of PV by running Solar Alone Multi-Objective Advisor (SAMA) simulations on grid-connected PV systems across different regions with varying inflation scenarios. Case studies are San Diego, California; Boston, Massachusetts; Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Santiago, Chile. Historical inflation data is also imposed on San Diego to assess PV system potential in dynamic inflammatory conditions, while Boston and Santiago additionally analyze hybrid PV-battery systems to understand battery impacts under increasing inflation rates. Net metering credits vary by location. The results showed PV could be used as an effective inflation hedge in any region where PV started economic and provided increasingly attractive returns as inflation increased, particularly when taxes were considered. The varying values of the ROI and IRR underscore the importance of region-specific financial planning and the need to consider inflation when evaluating the long-term viability of PV systems. Finally, more capital-intensive PV systems with battery storage can become profitable in an inflationary economy.
Digital Twin Integration for Workforce Training: Transforming SMEs in the Ornamental Stone Industry
Authors: Cremonini Carlos E , Capela Carlos , da Silva Agostinho , Gaspar Marcelo C , Vasco Joel C
Published: January 2025

The research highlights the transformative potential of digital twins in addressing workforce training gaps while emphasizing the importance of secure and reliable communication protocols. Future directions include expanding the framework to other traditional industries, incorporating adaptive artificial intelligence, and exploring long-term impacts on workforce productivity and organizational innovation. This study provides a robust foundation for integrating digital twin technology into SME training strategies, ensuring sustained competitiveness and growth in rapidly evolving markets.
Assessing the Relationship between Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Oxygen and Redox Cytochrome C Oxidase During Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Soltani Nima , Mohindra Rohit , Lin Steve , Toronov Vladislav
Published: January 2025

Understanding brain oxygen metabolism is crucial for evaluating overall health, par-ticularly in high-stress medical situations such as cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This study focuses on two key indicators of brain oxygen metabo-lism: the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) and the oxidation state of redox cytochrome c oxidase (rCCO). Using advanced techniques like hyperspectral near-infrared spectroscopy (hNIRS) and laser doppler flowmetry (LDF), we have con-ducted a comprehensive analysis of their relationship in pigs during and after cardiac arrest and CPR. We investigated both the entire duration of these experiments and specific time intervals, providing a detailed view of how these metrics interact. The data reveals non-linear relationship between rCCO and CMRO2. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how the brain manages oxygen during critical episodes, po-tentially guiding future interventions in neurological care and improving outcomes in emergency medical settings.
HPV-Associated Sexually Transmitted Infections in Cervical Cancer Screening: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Latorre-Millán Miriam , Tristancho-Baró Alexander Isaias , Burillo Natalia , Ariza Mónica , Milagro Ana María , Abad Pilar , Baquedano Laura , Borque Amparo , Rezusta Antonio
Published: January 2025

High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs-O) are promoters to the development of cervical cancer (CC), especially when they co-exist. This study aims to determine the prevalence of the major STIs-O and the rate of co-infection in women previously diagnosed with HR-HPV infection. For this observational study, 254 women aged 25-65 years who were being followed up for HR-HPV infection (without a CC history) were recruited at a hospital Gynaecology Department from February 2024 to November 2024. Their endocervical specimens were collected and processed for HR-HPV, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis detection by RT-PCR using cobas® 5800 System and cobas® HPV, cobas® CT/NG and cobas® TV/MG reagents (Roche Diagnostics, IN, USA). The overall rate of infection was 38.6% for HPV and 4.3% for ITSs-O (3.8% in HPV-negative women and 5.1% in HPV-positive women). The presence of ITSs-O in women aged 25-34 was higher in those with persistent positive result for HR-HPV (20.0% vs 4.2%). Diverse multiple co-infections were found in HPV-positive women, whilst some single STIs-O were found in HPV-negative women. These results support the benefits of STIs-O screening beyond a HR-HPV positive result, especially in those women under 35 years old.
Exploring the Spatial Pattern of Retail Business in Chengdu Based on the Coupling of Nighttime Light Remote Sensing Images and POI Data
Authors: Jiang Ling , Wang Binyu , Zhang Tao , Zhou Ji , Wen Chuanhui
Published: January 2025

The rational spatial layout of retail businesses is the foundation for promoting urban economic development and meeting residents' living needs, and one of the key factors to achieving a rational spatial layout is the spatial correlation between commercial establishments and the population. The paper takes the central urban area of Chengdu as the research object, constructing a coupling model, and uses NPP-VIIRS nighttime light data and points of interest (POI) data from various retail outlets in the study area in 2023 to explore the spatial distribution of retail business and its coupling relationship with group activity levels. Results indicate that the distribution of retail commercial space in Chengdu City exhibits the characteristics of multi-center agglomeration, which is generally consistent with the population distribution. However, there are differences in the distribution patterns between retail areas with varying degrees of coupling. In terms of coupling coordination degree distribution, all retail categories show a similar trend to that of Chengdu City. The analysis reveals that the retail category significantly influences the coupling degree distribution, while geographical location greatly affects the coupling coordination degree. This research will offer reference for optimizing cities' commercial spatial structure and scientifically planning enterprise outlet layouts.
Review of Recent Treatment Strategies for Lumbar Disc Herniation (LDH) Focusing on Nonsurgical and Regenerative Therapy
Authors: Lee Jae Sun , Lee Soo-Bin , Kang Kyung-Yil , Oh Seong Ho , Chae Dong-Sik
Published: January 2025

Conservative treatment is primarily performed for the treatment of patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH), but if it does not respond, surgical treatment can be performed. However, surgical treatment is not always superior to non-surgical treatment. Recently, treatment using PRP, BMAC, LIPUS, etc. has been actively conducted as a treatment to avoid side effects of surgery and promote tissue regeneration. In this paper, the literature evaluating the effectiveness of non-surgical treatment options is reviewed with an emphasis on the effectiveness of clinical application. Several clinical studies have shown that PRP, biomaterials, BMAC, and LIPUS treatment promote tissue regeneration and alleviate symptoms. Although PRP-applied studies have suggested disk height changes, cell therapy and LIPUS treatment have many shortcomings in clinical aspects for tissue regeneration. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a unified, safe protocol and standardize the method of presenting results to confirm the clinical effect of the treatment for impaired intervertebral regeneration in patients with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) including LDH.
Multi-User MIMO Downlink Precoding with Dynamic Users Selection for Limited Feedback
Authors: Bakulin Mikhail , Ben Rejeb Taoufik , Kreyndelin Vitaly , Pankratov Denis , Smirnov Aleksei
Published: January 2025

In modern (5G) and future Multi-User (MU) wireless communication systems Beyond 5G (B5G) using Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology, base stations with large number of antennas communicate with many mobile stations with a small number of antennas. MU-MIMO technology is becoming especially relevant in modern multi-user wireless sensor networks in various application scenarios, but the problem of organizing a multi-user mode on the downlink arises. It can be solved using precoding technology at the base station, using full Channel State Information (CSI) for each mobile station. Transmitting this information for Massive MIMO systems normally requires the allocation of high-speed feedback channel. With limited feedback, reduced information (partial CSI) is used, for example, the code word from the codebook that is closest to the estimated channel vector. An incomplete (or inaccurate) CSI information causes interference from signals, transmitted to neighboring mobile stations, that ultimately results in a decrease of the number of active users served. In this paper we propose a new downlink precoding approach with dynamic users selection for MU-MIMO systems, which also uses codebooks to reduce the information transmitted over feedback channel, but unlike in the existing approaches, here new information uncorrelated with the previous one is transmitted on each new transmission cycle. This allows accumulating the received information and restoring the full MIMO channel matrix with greater accuracy without increasing the feedback overhead: as the CSI accuracy improves, the number of active users increases and after several cycles reaches the maximum value, which is determined by the number of base station transmitting antennas. The statistical simulation confirms the effectiveness of the proposed precoding algorithm for modern and future Massive MIMO systems.
Characterization of Tetrathionate Hydrolase from Acidothermophilic Sulfur-oxidizing Archaeon Metallosphaera cuprina Ar-4
Authors: Wang Pei , Li Liang-Zhi , Liu Li-Jun , Qin Ya-Ling , Li Xiu-Tong , Yin Hua-Qun , Li De-Feng , Liu Shuang-Jiang , Jiang Cheng-Ying
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Tetrathionate hydrolase (TTH) is a key enzyme for oxidation of reduced inorganic sulfur compounds (RISCs) with S4I pathway, which is distributed in autotrophic or facultative auto-trophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and archaea. In this study, the enzyme TTHMc from the aci-dothermophilic archaeon Metallosphaera cuprina Ar-4T, encoded by mcup_1281 and belonging to the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) family, has been shown to possess tetrathionate hydrolysis ac-tivity. The molecular mass of the single subunit of TTHMc was determined to be 57 kDa. TTHMc is proved to locate in the cytoplasm, periplasmic space, and membrane, the activity of them ac-counted for 72.3%, 24.0%, and 3.7% of the total activity. Optimal activity was observed at tem-peratures above 95 °C and pH 6.0, the kinetic constants Km and Vmax were 0.35 mmol/L and 8.63 μmol/L, respectively. The presence of 0.01 mol/L Mg2+ enhances the activity of TTHMc, while 0.01 mol/L Ca2+ inhibits its activity. The hydrolysis of tetrathionate (TT) by TTHMc results in the pro-duction of thiosulfate, pentathionate, and hexathionate. This study represents the first description of TTH in the genus Metallosphaera, providing new theoretical insights into the study of sul-fur-oxidizing proteins in acidothermophilic archaea.
Polypharmacy in Pediatric Palliative Care: Bridging Disagreement in Off-Label Prescribing Identification Between Physicians and Pharmacists
Authors: Mengato Daniele , Zanin Anna , Baratiri Fernando , Pivato Lisa , Camuffo Laura , Benini Franca , Venturini Francesca
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Off-label drug use is prevalent in pediatric care, particularly in pediatric palliative care (PPC), due to the scarcity of pediatric-specific formulations and clinical trials. Differences in perception between healthcare professionals regarding off-label prescriptions underscore the complexity of this practice and highlight the need for improved collaboration to optimize therapeutic outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted from August to October 2021 at the PPC center of the University Hospital of Padova, Italy. Data were collected from medical records of 169 patients. Off-label prescriptions were independently assessed by two physicians and two clinical pharmacists using respective reference sources. Discrepancies were resolved through consensus. Statistical analyses included the χ²-test for categorical variables and t-tests for continuous data. Results: Among the 993 drug prescriptions analyzed, pharmacists reported a higher proportion of off-label uses (32.9%) compared to physicians (18.4%; p<0.05). After a consensus, 26.5% of the prescriptions were identified as off-label, with 67.9% due to indications, 49.6% due to dosage, and 44.4% due to age discrepancies. Conclusions: This study highlights the high prevalence of off-label prescribing in PPC, differences in professional perspectives, and the need for standardized protocols and interdisciplinary collaboration. Enhanced communication between healthcare providers, alongside the development of registries and clinical trials, is essential for improving the safety and efficacy of off-label drug use in pediatric populations. A flexible regulatory framework and customized galenic formulations could further support these goals.
High and Low Adherence to Mediterranean and DASH Diet Patterns and the Risk of Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Arayici Mehmet Emin , Kilic Mustafa Eray , Yilmaz Mehmet Birhan
Published: January 2025

The relationship between heart failure (HF) and Mediterranean and DASH diets is not well delineated. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of high adherence to Mediterranean and DASH diets compared to low adherence in reducing the risk of incident HF (primary prevention of HF) and reducing all-cause mortality in patients with HF (secondary prevention of HF). The reporting stages of this meta-analysis closely adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was undertaken for published papers in PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, ICTRP, and the NIH clinical trials databases. A total of 16 reports from 14 studies were included in this paper. A significant inverse association was identified between high adherence to the Mediterranean diet model (compared to low adherence) and the risk of incident HF (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.63–0.93, p = 0.007) among patients without previous diagnosis of HF. Similarly, there was a significant and inverse relationship between high adherence to the DASH diet (compared to low adherence) and the risk of incident HF (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70–0.98, p = 0.03) among patients without previous diagnosis of HF. High adherence to the Mediterranean diet model (compared to low adherence) was associated with lower all-cause mortality (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78–0.99, p = 0.03) among patients with HF. This paper demonstrated that high adherence to Mediterranean and DASH diets significantly reduced the risk of incident HF among individuals without previous diagnosis of HF, whereas only high adherence to Mediterranean diet was associated with lower all-cause mortality among patients with HF.
Deterioration Effects and Microscopic Mechanisms of Solidified/Stabilized Red Mud by CGFPA Binders Under Freeze-Thaw Cycles
Authors: Yan Lijun , Yang Junjie , Wu Yalei , Li Fengmin
Published: January 2025

Red mud is a kind of solid waste in the production process of aluminum industry. Long-term stockpiling of red mud not only occupies a large amount of land, but also causes environmental pollution. In order to improve the strength, reduce the alkalinity and toxicity of red mud, and to study its durability under freeze-thaw cycles, this paper CGFPA binders were adopted to solidify/stabilize red mud with calcium carbide residue, ground granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, phosphogypsum and graphene as components. The effects and the mechanism of freeze-thaw cycling on the unconfined compressive strength, pH value, and toxic leaching of the solidified/stabilized red mud was investigated. The results of the study showed that the mass, unconfined compressive strength, and pH of the solidified/stabilized red mud decreased gradually with the increase in the number of freeze-thaw cycles, while the leaching concentration of pollutants increased gradually. The rate of loss of unconfined compressive strength satisfies an exponential function with the number of cycles, and the logarithm of pollutant concentration satisfies a linear relationship with the number of cycles. The cumulative loss of unconfined compressive strength after 10 freeze-thaw cycles was 50.6%, 47.5%, 32.2%, and 25.3% when the binder mixing ratio was 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. The gelling products generated by the hydration reaction of the binders were mainly C-S-H, C-A-S-H, C-A-H, AFm, etc. Under the action of freeze-thaw cycles, the lattice-like structure of the solidified/stabilized red mud was damaged, resulting in the decrease of its unconfined compressive strength and the increase of pollutant leaching concentration. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the use of red mud in permafrost regions.
Methane Emissions From Coal Mines: Quantification, Capture, and Utilization Strategies for Atmospheric Impact Mitigation - A Case Study of Poland
Authors: Borowski Marek Józef , Zwolińska-Glądys Klaudia , Cheng Jianwei
Published: January 2025

Methane emissions from coal mines represent a significant environmental and atmospheric challenge, contributing to global greenhouse gas accumulation and impacting local air quality. This study examines methane emissions from hard coal mining in Poland, emphasizing their scale, sources, and implications for the sector’s carbon footprint. A comprehensive overview of measurement methodologies, including direct sampling and advanced monitoring systems, is provided to highlight current capabilities and limitations. Furthermore, innovative capture technologies, such as ventilation air methane oxidation systems and methane drainage techniques, are explored alongside utilization pathways for energy production, including electricity generation and hydrogen synthesis. By integrating quantitative analyses and case studies, the article evaluates the effectiveness of these strategies in reducing methane emissions and improving air quality. The findings underscore the critical role of methane management in transitioning the coal industry toward more sustainable practices and achieving carbon neutrality goals. This study aims to inform policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers by presenting actionable insights into mitigating methane emissions while fostering the dual objectives of environmental protection and resource efficiency.
Presenting Circular Gravitational Fields: A Numerical Exploration around Rotating Black Holes
Authors: Karmiris Panagiotis
Published: January 2025

We present a novel theoretical framework, Circular Gravitational Fields (CGF), which extends the gravitomagnetic analogy in general relativity by proposing that mass-energy currents generate a circular component of the gravitational field. Our formulation provides a geometrically motivated coupling between this circular field and spacetime curvature through the Ricci tensor, maintaining consistency with established gravitational physics while predicting potentially observable deviations in strong-field regimes. Using the Baumgarte-Shapiro-Shibata-Nakamura (BSSN) formalism, we perform numerical simulations of rotating black holes to explore CGF behavior in strong gravitational fields. We compare CGF predictions for key observables, including frame-dragging effects and gravitational wave signatures, with solutions to Einstein’s equations. Our approach maintains consistency with current observational constraints from gravitational wave observations [1] and cosmological surveys [2], while offering new insights into the quantum nature of spacetime. The framework makes specific predictions for next-generation experiments including Euclid, the Einstein Telescope [3], and pulsar timing arrays, providing multiple avenues for empirical verification of these fundamental ideas about the nature of time and reality.
Extension of Interval-Valued Hesitant Fermatean Fuzzy TOPSIS for Evaluating and Benchmarking of Generative AI Chatbots
Authors: Ilieva Galina
Published: January 2025

To aid in the selection of generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) chatbots, this paper introduces a fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making framework based on their key features and performance. The proposed framework includes a new modification of the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), adapted for an interval-valued hesitant Fermatean fuzzy (IVHFF) environment. This TOPSIS extension addresses the limitations of classical TOPSIS in handling complex and uncertain data capturing detailed membership degrees and representing hesitation more precisely. The framework is applicable for both static and dynamic evaluations of GAI chatbots in crisp or fuzzy assessments. Results from a practical example demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for comparing and ranking GAI chatbots. Finally, recommendations are provided for selecting and implementing these conversational agents in various applications.
Design and Implementation of a Distributed IoT System for Monitoring of Gases Emitted by Vehicles That Use Biofuels
Authors: Caraveo Camilo , Suastegui Jose Alejandro , Cervantes Leticia , Ruiz Ochoa Juan Antonio , Jiménez Samantha , Perez-Sanchez Armando
Published: January 2025

The global consumption of fossil fuels such as diesel and gasoline represent a considerable per-centage of global emissions, it is important to know for sure the percentage and type of gas emitted, there are many alternative energies that mitigate the production of emissions in different sectors such as the transport sector and the energy sector. The percentage use of hydrogen mixed with gasoline in internal combustion engines is a viable alternative because it helps the com-bustion process, but it is necessary to know the behavior of the engine and determine the carbon footprint, to quantify the benefit of these actions it is necessary to design and implement a network of low-cost sensors that monitor the emissions produced during the combustion processes and provide reliable data that can be used to make a statistical comparison between vehicles. This research proposes two software systems of an architecture (client-server) working in a synchro-nized manner in order to collect and store information in a database. The first software works as the client and runs on an IoT development board called ESP32 in conjunction with esp32 ttgo and communication between both devices is done through the esp now protocol, this software estab-lishes the connection with the physical sensors to detect and collect gas information, the data is sent wirelessly to the web server, the second software works as a server in addition to providing a graphical interface for user control and data visualization from a ground station. The tests were carried out using 100% Mexican gasoline (G100) and a mixture of hydrogen fuel with gasoline (GH) for the hydrogen cell a concentration of 0.0211 ml / gal of electrolytes (80 ml) was used, the same route and vehicle were used at an average acceleration of 40 and 60 km / h, the data obtained are taken every 30 seconds, the process was repeated 3 times and an average emission reduction of 5% and 10% of CO and CO2 respectively was obtained with GH fuel.
Experimental Study on Trenchless Treatment Technology of Differential Settlement of In-Service Highway Subgrade in Deep Soft Soil Area
Authors: Xu Jianqiang , Zhang Tiangong , Zhang Shasha , Wang Mengjie , Yang Xiaohua , Xu Feng
Published: January 2025

The highway network is densely distributed in the southeast coast of China. Highway subgrades passing through soft soil areas often produce large settlements, resulting in pavement cracking, bridgehead jumping and other diseases. In order to study the effect of three trenchless treatment technologies of oblique jet grouting pile (JGP), lateral displacement limiting pile (LDLP) and load reducing pipe (LRP), centrifugal model tests were carried out under three treated conditions and without treatment. Based on the data of pore water pressure and settlement in the range of half embankment model and outside the embankment, the settlement characteristics of highway soft soil foundation during the test simulation were studied, and the characteristics of different treatment methods were compared. The high level of pore water pressure corresponds to the rapid development of settlement. The average settlement during the existing operation period accounts for 96.7% of the total settlement of the simulation period, and the settlement does not converge. The methods can effectively inhibit the development of settlement and each has its own characteristics: LRP method does not involve foundation treatment, so its settlement char-acteristics are closest to that without treatment. The LDLP method can obviously limit the set-tlement within the embankment range and the pore water dissipation. The JGP method enhances the synergistic deformation ability of the embankment and effectively decreases the differential settlement.
Ethics as a Missing Link Between Human Happiness and Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Carron Katherine , Lioubimtseva Elena
Published: January 2025

This pilot study offers an integrative interdisciplinary approach to the exploration of complex relationships between happiness and sustainability through the lenses of environmental ethics. A significant body of multi-disciplinary scholarly literature suggests that people are happier when they enjoy access to nature and a sustainable environment. It is unclear, however, if human happiness contributes to positive attitudes towards environmental sustainability. Using a mixed-methods approach, we investigate how self-reported happiness might be linked to access to nature, environmental concerns, and ethical values. Primary data collection involved in-person surveys of park visitors and in-depth semi-structured interviews with environmental and well-being professionals. The majority of the participants involved in the study reported feeling happier while being in nature and/or actively engaged in sustainable practices. Participants expressed their deep concerns and sadness about the global state of the environment, but also joy from the opportunities to engage in climate action and education. This pilot study offers preliminary insights into methodological approaches to research on the nexus of human happiness, environmental sustainability, and ethics. Methods proposed in this paper can be replicated, adopted cross-culturally, and deployed in other future case studies.
Cleft Palate Induced by Mycophenolate Mofetil Is Associated with miR-4680-3p and Let-7c-5p in Human Palate Cells
Authors: Yoshioka Hiroki , Horita Hanane , Tsukiboshi Yosuke , Kurita Hisaka , Ogata Aya , Ogata Kenichi
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Cleft palate is a birth defect associated with environmental and genetic factors. It has been reported that disturbance of microRNAs (miRNAs) and exposure to medicinal agents during pregnancy can cause cleft palate. Although an association between medicine-induced cleft palate and miRNAs has been suggested, it remains to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to clarify the molecular mechanism underlying mycophenolate mofetil (MPM)-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and miRNA expression in human embryonic palatal mesenchymal (HEPM) cells. Methods: Cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle-related markers were evaluated 48 h after MPM treatment. In addition, miRNA levels and expression of their downstream genes were measured, and a rescue experiment was performed using miR-4680-3p and/or let-7c-5p inhibitors. Results: MPM dose-dependently reduced HEPM cell viability. Additionally, MPM treatment suppressed cyclin-D1, cyclin E1, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-2, and CDK6 expression in HEPM cells. Furthermore, MPM upregulated miR-4680-3p and let-7c-5p expression and downregulated the downstream genes of each miRNA. Moreover, miR-4680-3p and/or let-7c-5p inhibitors alleviated MPM-induced inhibition of cell proliferation. Conclusions: These results suggest that MPM-induced cleft palate is associated with miR-4680-3p and let-7c-5p expression in HEPM cells.