bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Light Quality‐Mediated Influence of Morphogenesis in Micropropagated Horticultural Crops: A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Fan Cunying , Manivannan Abinaya , Wei Hao
Published: December 2022

In plants, light quality plays significant roles in photomorphogenesis and photosynthesis. Efficient in vitro plant propagation techniques involve tailoring of various environmental cues and culture media according to the plant species. Plant tissue culture consists of several applications in scientific research, agriculture, biotechnology, and commercial industrial purposes. Utilization of light to enhance the quality of the in vitro raised plants have been evidenced by numerous researchers in plant tissue culture. The advent of light‐emitting diode‐ (LED‐) based artificial lighting systems in plant tissue culture for micropropagation has enhanced callus induction, shoot and root organogenesis, and acclimatization of in vitro propagated plants. Plants tend to perceive the light spectra present in the photosynthetically active region (PAR) ranging from 400 to 700 nm; this includes blue and red light wavelengths. Although the influence of spectral quality is being investigated in diverse plant species, particularly, its importance in in vitro propagated horticultural crops is gaining notable interest among researchers. In recent days, the application of LEDs provides better amenability according to the plant species of interest for efficient plant regeneration. Considering the growing necessity and emerging applications of LED supplemental lights for propagation of plants in in vitro, the present review summarizes the outcomes of various research studies dealing with LEDs in plant tissue culture. Moreover, the present endeavor has provided a comprehensive overview on the effects of LEDs in the morphogenesis of plants cultured in vitro.
Analysis of the Construction of an Enterprise Emergency Management System under Government Supervision: The View of Evolutionary Game Theory
Authors: Wang Yumeng , Zhou Xihua , Bai Gang , Li Xianlin
Published: December 2022

The establishment of an emergency management system has obvious complexity, and the establishment of an enterprise’s emergency management system is influenced by external factors such as assessment agencies and regulatory departments as well as by the internal influence of various factors within the enterprise itself, such as profits and personnel quality. In order to study the impact of different factors on the construction of emergency management systems of enterprises under the current regulatory environment and under the existing reward-penalty mechanism, this study introduces factors such as rent-seeking behavior and economic level to build an evolutionary game model composed of enterprises, third-party safety assessment agencies, and government regulators. Based on the official statistics published in China and the field evidence of enterprises, third-party agencies, and emergency management departments in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. The evolution path of the game system and the influence of the reward-penalty mechanism, rent-seeking behavior, and economic level on the strategy evolution process of the game model were analyzed by numerical simulation. The results show that there is a mechanism of mutual promotion in the strategy evolution of the game subjects, and the strategy choice of each subject shows the following characteristics: (1) reasonable subsidies and penalties play a positive role in promoting the construction of emergency management systems by enterprises. (2) Increasing the rent-seeking costs of enterprises and the reputational impact of regulators can promote the positive evolution of enterprises’ and regulators’ strategies. (3) Reducing the cost of the establishment can help enterprises establish emergency management systems, but it will reduce the probability of strict supervision by the regulators. Therefore, the government should develop a reasonable reward-penalty mechanism to replace fixed payments to enterprises and third-party agencies with tax reductions. In addition, local governments should establish an information and consultation mechanism and make the system construction and evaluation process public.
Regulatory Role of the RUNX2 Transcription Factor in Lung Cancer Apoptosis
Authors: Bernal Camila , Otalora Andrea , Cañas Alejandra , Barreto Alfonso , Prieto Karol , Montecino Martin , Rojas Adriana
Published: December 2022

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death globally. Numerous factors intervene in the onset and progression of lung tumors, among which the participation of lineage-specific transcription factors stands out. Several transcription factors important in embryonic development are abnormally expressed in adult tissues and thus participate in the activation of signaling pathways related to the acquisition of the tumor phenotype. RUNX2 is the transcription factor responsible for osteogenic differentiation in mammals. Current studies have confirmed that RUNX2 is closely related to the proliferation, invasion, and bone metastasis of multiple cancer types, such as osteosarcoma, breast cancer (BC), prostate cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. Thus, the present study is aimed at evaluating the role of the RUNX2 transcription factor in inhibiting the apoptosis process. Loss-of-function assays using sh-RNA from lentiviral particles and coupled with Annexin/propidium iodide (PI) assays (flow cytometry), immunofluorescence, and quantitative PCR analysis of genes related to cell apoptosis (BAD, BAX, BCL2, BCL-XL, and MCL1) were performed. Silencing assays and Annexin/PI assays demonstrated that when RUNX2 was absent, the percentage of dead cells increased, and the expression levels of the BCL2, BCL-XL, and MCL1 genes were downregulated. Furthermore, to confirm whether the regulatory role of RUNX2 in the expression of these genes is related to its binding to the promoter region, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. Here, we report that overexpression of the RUNX2 gene in lung cancer may be related to the inhibition of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, specifically, through direct transcriptional regulation of the antiapoptotic gene BCL2 and indirect regulation of BCL-XL and MCL1.
Tensiomyography and Statistical Analysis Based Muscle Change Detection in Multiple Sclerosis for Smart Healthcare
Authors: Rusu Ligia , Neamtu Marius Cristian , Neamtu Oana Maria , Rusu Mihai Robert , Marin Mihnea Ion , Danciulescu Daniel , Hemanth Jude
Published: December 2022

The impact of demyelinization on muscle fiber changes and the type of changes in multiple sclerosis (MS) is very hard to estimate. One of the major problems of MS patients is muscle fatigue and decrease of muscle force in the range of 16–57%. The objective of this research work is to estimate various aspects of muscle changes at tibial muscle (mTA) level using a noninvasive method named as tensiomyography (TMG). TMG provides information about muscle functions in MS. This study includes 40 MS patients among which 18 are males (45%) and 22 are females (55%). They are divided in two subgroups: subgroup A and subgroup B. Subgroup A includes 20 MS patients without clinical decelable gait disorders and subgroup B includes 20 MS patients with clinical decelable gait disorders. Also, we have a control group that includes 20 healthy people with the same average age. Average age is 38.15 ± 11.19 y for MS patients and 39.34 ± 10.57 for healthy people. Evaluation measures include ADL score and EDSS scale. The ADL score is 0 for patients from subgroup A and 1 for patients from subgroup B. The EDSS score is 1 for subgroup A and 2.5 for subgroup B. This study confirms the importance of TMG based evaluation of muscle changes in MS patients. This smart healthcare system is also used for prediction of the muscle changes and muscle imbalance. Contraction time (Tc) recordings are used to detect the muscle fatigue which is a specific symptom of MS. The value of Tc for subgroup A is 45.8 ms and subgroup B is 61.37 ms for right side. Analysis of these two parameters such as Dm and Tc could define the muscle behaviour and help provide early information about the possibility of developing gait disorders. This smart TMG system analyses the muscle tone in the best possible way to predict the onset of any diseases which is an integral part of the smart healthcare system.
Numerical Analysis of Forced Convection of Nanofluid under Turbulent Flow between Two Parallel Plates
Authors: Pishkar Iman , Hoseini S. Mohammad
Published: December 2022

As research shows, in new and renewable energy systems, including solar energy, the study of turbulent flow is of great importance due to its high efficiency in heat transfer. It is also used in petrochemical and oil industries and cooling systems. Therefore, this paper focuses on the turbulent heat transfer of nanofluid between two parallel plates and the effect of the volume fraction of nanoparticles on turbulent heat transfer is investigated. The nanofluid applied in the study was alumina-water. The beginning and the end of the walls were insulated, and the middle part was considered as the heat source. The two-equation

κ

-

ɛ

model was used to model viscosity of turbulent flow. The governing equations were solved simultaneously using the control volume method based on SIMPLER algorithm. In this study, the effects of the Reynolds’ number in the range of 104 to

5
∗

10

4

, volume fraction of 0.01 to 0.04, and nanoparticle diameter of 20 nm to 100 nm on field flow and rate of heat transfer were examined. The influence of Brownian movement on heat performance was considered. Evaluation showed that increasing the Reynolds’ number decreased the thickness of the laminar sublayer in turbulent flow and increased temperature and velocity differences. These greater temperature and velocity differences resulted in increased heat transfer and decreased skin friction. The findings imply that heat performance improves when nanoparticles are added to basic fluid. With increasing volume fraction of nanoparticles, shear stress of the channel wall increases, and consequently, skin friction increases too. In addition, the effect of nanoparticle diameter on thermal and hydraulic performance was studied. It was found that heat transfer and skin fraction decreased in the presence of the larger nanoparticles.
Protective Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) against Vascular Dysfunction in Hyperglycemic Rats
Authors: Paramita Nurul , Puspasari Brilliant C. , Arrody Randika , Kartinah Neng T. , Andraini Trinovita , Mardatillah Julfiana , Rusli Hardiyanti , Santoso Dewi I. S.
Published: December 2022

Background. Hyperglycemia is a major risk factor for endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction is associated with the inability of endothelial cells to maintain homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. Regular exercise may be considered as an effective and low-cost nonpharmacological tool for improving vascular function, though there is no agreement on the best type of exercise. Objectives. To determine how high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) may prevent endothelial dysfunction under hyperglycemic conditions, and to compare these two interventions. Method. Twenty-four eight-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: healthy nonexercising control (C), hyperglycemic control (HG-C), hyperglycemic + HIIT (HG-IT), and hyperglycemic + MICT (HG-CT). Hyperglycemia was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin. Hyperglycemic animals were subjected to HIIT or MICT protocols six days a week for six weeks. Decapitation was performed the day after the exercise protocols were completed. The ascending aorta (until the abdominal artery) was examined. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the glucagon-likepeptide-1 (GLP-1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) levels. A colorimetric assay was used to measure superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to measure the expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to histologically analyze the aortas. Results. There was a significantly higher level of GLP-1 and lower expression of RAGE, NF-κB, and TNFα in the HG-IT and HG-CT group compared to the HG-C group. Microscopic examination of aortic tissue showed a better tissue arrangement in both treatment groups than in the HG-C group. Except for the MDA level, there were no significant differences in any of the measured parameters between the HG-IT and HG-CT groups. Conclusion. Under hyperglycemic conditions, both HIIT and MICT have a protective role against endothelial dysfunction.
“A Dangerous Black Box:” Idiopathic Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Adult Patients—A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Agbariah Nada , Sanz Javier , Rovó Alicia
Published: December 2022

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare potentially life-threatening condition characterized by aberrant inflammation that can be related to genetic or sporadic forms. In both forms, triggering factors may be involved. Early detection of the underlying cause is crucial for therapeutic decision, while early intervention might be associated with better outcomes. The largest descriptions in the literature on HLH refer to pediatric cases. Adolescents and adults may also be affected, but there is scarce evidence regarding their diagnosis and management. We describe here the case of a 68-year-old Swiss woman with HLH, in whom an extensive search for underlying causes was performed, but neither trigger nor pathogenic variant was found. An early intervention first with dexamethasone and later with cyclosporine was performed. The patient showed a favorable response and did not require further hospitalization; however, one year after diagnosis, it was not possible to suspend cyclosporine due to recurrence of laboratory inflammation signs by drug tapering. The occurrence of HLH idiopathic forms represents a challenge; failure to identify the underlying triggering cause generates uncertainty, endless diagnostic investigations, and consequently additional delays in the treatment. This manuscript addresses the difficulties on this issue.
Genetic Association between Polymorphisms of Interleukin-32 and Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Chinese Han Population
Authors: Peng Ying , Zhong Xuemei , Wang Yanyun , Zhou Bin , Song Yaping , Su Min , Li Zhilong , Li Qin , Rao Li
Published: December 2022

Background. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a primary myocardial disease and one of the critical causes of heart failure. It is the most common indication for heart transplantation worldwide, and most idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathies are sporadic and multifactorial. Evidence has supported that several inflammatory cytokines and immune responses are involved in its pathological process. Interleukin-32 is a proinflammatory cytokine and is elevated during the worsening cardiac function. Herein, we evaluated the correlation between interleukin-32 gene polymorphisms (rs12934561 and rs28372698) and the susceptibility to dilated cardiomyopathy. Methods. We enrolled 418 dilated cardiomyopathy patients and 437 healthy controls. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used for genotyping the two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and SPSS software was used for statistical analyses. Results. The C allele and CC genotype frequencies of rs12934561 were remarkably elevated in dilated cardiomyopathy patients compared to controls (bothP<0.001). The A allele and AA genotype frequencies of rs28372698 significantly decreased in dilated cardiomyopathy patients (P=0.004andP=0.02, respectively). Compared to TT/TC genotype carriers of rs12934561, CC homozygotes presented an increased risk of dilated cardiomyopathy when the left ventricular ejection fraction no more than 30% (P=0.02). Conclusions. The IL-32 gene polymorphisms might implicate in DCM risk in the Chinese Han population, and rs12934561 could be a potential forecasting factor for screening high-risk population for DCM.
Internet Public Opinion Diffusion: A Cross Perspective of Multilayer Network and Multisubject Association
Authors: Hou Defei , Liu Chen , Li Yuanqing
Published: December 2022

How to effectively regulate the spread of Internet public opinion from multisubject is the focus that governments around the world need to face. From the cross perspective of multilayer network and multisubject association, this paper studies the diffusion mechanism of Internet public opinion, constructs the multilayer network of Internet public opinion and its diffusion model, and then systematically analyzes the evolution characteristics of Internet public opinion diffusion. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: it is easier to trigger the spread of Internet public opinion by establishing associations among netizens in a preferred way. When the probability of random connection in different layers increases synchronously, the diffusion intensity of Internet public opinion shows a gradual downward trend. The intensity of government intervention has the greatest impact on the diffusion intensity of Internet public opinion. When the factors of netizens, Internet platform, and government interact, it can effectively reduce the intensity and scope of Internet public opinion diffusion. Once the media participate, it will improve the complexity of Internet public opinion diffusion. The government’s intervention in Internet public opinion is a “double-edged sword,” which needs to set the intervention intensity according to different subjects and their factor characteristics. This study can provide a theoretical reference for formulating strategies to adjust Internet public opinion diffusion from the cross perspective of multilayer network and multisubject association.
Ginsenoside Rg1 Inhibits High Glucose-Induced Proliferation, Migration, and Angiogenesis in Retinal Endothelial Cells by Regulating the lncRNA SNHG7/miR-2116-5p/SIRT3 Axis
Authors: Xue Liping , Hu Min , Li Juanjuan , Li Yadi , Zhu Qin , Zhou Guanglong , Zhang Xiaofan , Zhou Yuan , Zhang Jieying , Ding Peng
Published: December 2022

Background. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), including retinal angiogenesis and endothelial cell proliferation and migration, is a serious complication in diabetic patients. It has been reported that ginsenoside Rg1 can prevent retinal damage. However, the mechanism by which Rg1 prevents retinal damage is unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism by which Rg1 inhibits high glucose-induced complications through the regulation of the lncRNA SNHG7/miR-2116-5p/SIRT3 axis. Methods. Under high glucose (HG) conditions, human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) were cultured to simulate a DR environment, and Rg1 was added after 48 h. Negative control (NC), miR-2116-5p mimic, si-SNHG7, pc-DNA SIRT3, and miR-2116-5p inhibitor were transfected into HRECs, and CCK-8 assay was used to detect the cell viability. Angiogenesis and transwell assays were used to evaluate angiogenesis and cell migration, respectively. qRT–PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of related genes and proteins. Luciferase reporter assays and bioinformatics were used to analyze the target binding sites of miR-2116-5p to lncRNA SNHG7 and SIRT3. Results. The proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of HRECs were induced by HG. As expected, HG upregulated miR-2116-5p and VEGF expression but downregulated lncRNA SNHG7 and SIRT3 expression. Importantly, Rg1 inhibited HG-induced HREC proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis by upregulating the lncRNA SNHG7, and miR-2116-5p had a target regulatory relationship with both lncRNA SNHG7 and SIRT3. Conclusion. Rg1 inhibits HG-induced proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and VEGF expression in retinal endothelial cells through the lncRNA SNG7/miR-2116-5p/SIRT3 axis. This finding provides theoretical evidence for the clinical application of Rg1 in DR.
Onset of Postural Instability in Parkinson’s Disease Depends on Age rather than Disease Duration
Authors: Becker Denise , Maric Angelina , Schreiner Simon J. , Büchele Fabian , Baumann Christian R. , Waldvogel Daniel
Published: December 2022

Background. Postural instability and falls are considered a major factor of impaired quality of life in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD). The knowledge of the time at which postural instability occurs will help to provide the evidence required to introduce fall-prevention strategies at the right time in PD. Objective. To investigate whether postural instability of patients with different age at disease onset is associated with age or with disease duration of PD. Methods. Patients diagnosed with sporadic PD between 1991 and 2017 and postural instability (according to the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) part III, item 3.12 postural instability) were included, with strict inclusion criteria including regular follow-ups, agreement on data use, and exclusion of comorbidities affecting the free stand. Results. Applying these strict inclusion criteria, we included 106 patients. Those younger than 50 years at PD onset took significantly longer to develop postural instability (n = 23 patients, median: 18.4 years) compared with patients with later onset of PD (50–70 years, n = 66, median: 14.2 years,

p
<
0.001

; and >70 years, n = 17, median: 5.7 years,

p
<
0.001

, Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test). There was no association between total MDS-UPDRS III (as a measure of motor symptom severity) at onset of postural instability. Conclusions. In PD, postural instability is primarily associated with the age of the patient and not with disease duration.
Blood Flukes and Arterial Damage: A Review of Aneurysm Cases in Patients with Schistosomiasis
Authors: Silvestri Valeria , Mushi Vivian , Mshana Mwanahawa Idavas , Bonaventura Witness M. , Justine Nyanda C. , Sabas Deodatus , Ngasala Billy
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Schistosomiasis, caused by trematode worms of the genus Schistosoma, has organ-specific morbidity due to host’s inflammatory response to the oviposition of parasite eggs in vessels and organs. Damage to the cardiovascular system, including aneurysms, has been described in patients. Aims and Methods. Aims of the review of case reports and series published in literature were to describe the occurrence of aneurysm in patients with schistosomiasis. Investigation Outcomes. A total of 13 cases (seven males and six females) with a mean age of 41.3 ± 14.9 years were included. Aneurysm occurred in patients with active or previous infection. In more than half of the cases, an intestinal or hepato-splenic involvement was reported, followed by pulmonary schistosomiasis and urinary or testicular involvement. The most frequently involved arterial district was the pulmonary artery. Immunomodulation and thrombophilia were featuring challenging surgery. Conclusions. More studies are needed to shed light on the vascular complications of schistosomiasis, to ascertain the true burden of aneurysms in patients with schistosomiasis, to establish the pathophysiology of vessel damage and aneurysm formation, and to assess if there is an association between schistosomiasis and aneurysm formation in line with WHO 2021–2030 NTD Roadmap.
Correlations among Corneal Biomechanical Parameters, Stiffness, and Thickness Measured Using Corvis ST and Pentacam in Patients with Ocular Hypertension
Authors: Liu Qian , Pang Chenjiu , Liu Changgeng , Cheng Wenjun , Ming Shuai , Du Wenwen , Feng Xiaomei
Published: December 2022

Background. To preliminary explore the correlations among corneal biomechanical parameters, stiffness, and thickness in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) before and after treatment with topical antiglaucoma medications. Methods. This was a retrospective study that included 35 eyes with newly diagnosed OHT. Axial length (AL), apical corneal thickness, and minimum corneal thickness were measured using Pentacam. The lengths, velocities, and times of the first and second corneal applanations (A1L, A1V, A1T, A2L, A2V, and A2T, respectively); the highest concavity radius; highest concavity peak distance (PDHC); highest concavity deformation amplitude (DAHC); highest concavity time (HCT); pachymetry (PACH); stress-strain index (SSI); stiffness parameter-A1 (SP-A1); deformation amplitude ratio (DA ratio); integrated radius (IR); Ambrosio’s relational thickness horizontal (ARTh); corneal biomechanical index; noncorrected intraocular pressure (IOPnct); and biomechanically corrected IOP (bIOP) values were measured using the corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology (Corvis ST/CST). Results. After 5 weeks of treatment, Goldman applanation tonometer-IOP, IOPnct, bIOP, PACH, A1T, A2V, SSI, SP-A1, and ARTh decreased, but A1V, A2T, PDHC, DAHC, DA ratio, and IR increased significantly (all

p
<
0.05

). SP-A1 and A1T were positively associated with premedication IOP and IOP changes, whereas A1V, A2T, PDHC, and IR were negatively associated (all

p
<
0.05

). DAHC and DA ratio had significantly negative correlations with IOP variations. PDHC was found to be positively correlated with AL (

p
<
0.05

). A positive relationship was noted between SP-A1 and HCT before medication (

p
<
0.05

). Conclusions. SP-A1 was significantly and consistently associated with IOP. HCT might be correlated with SP-A1. SP-A1 and CST parameters could serve as potential biomarkers for evaluating OHT treatment efficacy.
Abundant Exact Soliton Solutions of the (2+1)-Dimensional Heisenberg Ferromagnetic Spin Chain Equation Based on the Jacobi Elliptic Function Ideas
Authors: Zhu Qinghao , Qi Jianming
Published: December 2022

The Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain equation (HFSCE) is very important in modern magnetism theory. HFSCE expounded the nonlinear long-range ferromagnetic ordering magnetism. Also, it depicts the characteristic of magnetism to many insulating crystals as well as interaction spins. Moreover, the ferromagnetism plays a fundamental role in modern technology and industry and it is principal for many electrical and electromechanical devices such as generators, electric motors, and electromagnets. In this article, the exact solutions of the nonlinear (2+1)-dimensional HFSCE are successfully examined by an extended modified version of the Jacobi elliptic expansion method (EMVJEEM). Consequently, much more new Jacobi elliptic traveling wave solutions are found. These new solutions have not yet been reported in the studied models. For the study models, the new solutions are singular solitons not yet observed. Additionally, certain interesting 3D and 2D figures are performed on the obtained solutions. The geometrical representation of the HFSCE provides the dynamical information to explain the physical phenomena. The results will be significant to understand and study the (2+1)-dimensional HFSCE. Therefore, further studying EMVJEEM may help researchers to seek for more soliton solutions to other nonlinear differential equations.
Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Colon with Clear Cell Component: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Karačić Andrija , Stanić Gabrijela , Štritof Domagoj , Bakula Branko , Jandrić Dubravka , Kekez Inka
Published: December 2022

Clear cell adenocarcinomas of the colon are defined as a subtype of colorectal adenocarcinoma with clear cell morphology. A 65-year old man was admitted to a Gastroenterology Department for diagnostic evaluation of a tumor in the sigmoid colon found on CT. There, the patient developed complete bowel obstruction and was operated urgently, where intraoperatively, a large tumor in the sigmoid fixated to the lateral abdominal wall was revealed. A subtotal colectomy was performed. Histopathological analysis of the surgical specimen was conducted. The immunohistochemistry staining was positive for CEA, CDX2, and CD20 and negative for CK7, CD10, MUC2, AFP, and PAS staining. Mismatch repair protein testing was negative. The pathological diagnosis was mucinous carcinoma with a clear cell component which bears an extremely low incidence that has been scarcely reported in literature. This stresses the need for more case reports like ours to be published.
Experimental and Statistical Study on Wellbore Scaling Mechanisms and Characteristics for Huanjiang Oilfield
Authors: Zhang Na , Wang Xicheng , Zhang Jianmin , He Xiaopeng , Kang Shaofei , Pu Jingyang , Fan Shuhang , Li Xu
Published: December 2022

Wellbore scaling is a complex and one of the common problems encountered during the depletion of an oilfield. Many studies have been conducted on general scale mechanisms, scale predictions, and removal measurements. However, the detailed study of the scaling characteristics and mechanisms in Huanjiang oilfield is limited. The objective of this work is to investigate the scaling mechanisms and characteristics to provide guidance for scale inhibitor selection, synthesis, and testing in the Huanjiang oilfield. Ion chromatography (IC) was used to test the composition of 100 water samples, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized to analyze the composition of 120 wellbore scale samples that were collected from the Huanjiang oilfield. The results show that the water types of formation and groundwater are CaCl2 and Na2SO4, respectively. The oil wells produced from Chang

4
+
5

, Chang 6, and Chang 8 reservoir layers in the development of Yanchang group are mainly calcium-based scale (CaCO3 and CaSO4), supplemented by wax deposition scale, corrosion scale, and NaCl and KCl crystal scale. In contrast, the oil wells in Yan’an group (Yan 6, Yan 7, Yan 8, Yan 9, and Yan 10 reservoir layers) are mainly wax deposition scale and corrosion scale.
Prevalence and Species Identification of Ixodid Ticks of Small Ruminants in Benadir Region, Somalia
Authors: Sh Hassan Yasin Hussein , Jimale Kassim Abdullahi , Dirie Sadia Said , Salah Omar Mohamud , Afrah Osman Hassan , Sheikh Mohamed Moktar Omar , Dubad Abdirahman Bare
Published: December 2022

Ixodid ticks are one of the major health constraints on small ruminant productivity and contribute to significant economic losses in Somalia. An across-sectional study was conducted from November 2019 through December 2020 to identify hard tick species and determine the prevalence of tick infestation in small ruminants in the Benadir region, Somalia. Ticks were identified at the genera and species level by using morphological identification keys under a stereomicroscope. During the study period, a total of 384 small ruminants were examined for the presence of ticks through purposive sampling. All visible individual adult ticks were collected from the bodies of 230 goats and 154 sheep. A total of 651 Ixodid adult ticks were collected, of which 393 were male and 258 were female. The overall prevalence of tick infestation in the study area was 66.15% (254/384). The prevalence of tick infestation in goats and sheep was found to be 76.1% (175/230) and 51.3% (79/154), respectively. In the present study, nine species of hard ticks, which were grouped into three genera, were identified. The most abundant species found in this study were Rhipichephalus pulchellus (64.97%), Rhipichephalus everstieversti (8.45%), Rhipichephalus pravus (5.53%), Rhipichephalus lunulatus (5.38%), Amblyomma lepidum (5.22%), Amblyomma gemma (3.38%), and Hyalomma truncatum (2.62%) according to predominance. Rhipichephalus bursa (2.46%) and Rhipichephalus turanicus (1.99%) were the minor species observed in both species in the study area. The difference in the prevalence of tick infestation was found to be a statistically significant variation (

p
<
0.05

) between species groups but not sex groups. In all cases, male ticks dominated female ticks. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that ticks were the most prevalent ectoparasites of small ruminants in the study areas. Therefore, the increasing threat of ticks and tick-borne pathogens of small ruminants warrants the urgent strategic application of acaricides and the creation of awareness among livestock owners to prevent and control tick infestations of sheep and goats in the study area.
Becoming and Belonging: Ethnic Identity Development of Young Children through Language Socialization
Authors: Seo Youngmin
Published: December 2022

This article explores the role of language socialization in ethnic identity development among young U.S.-born Korean American children aged 4 and 5. The study design utilized an ethnographic approach to contextualize children’s overall language socialization at a community-based Korean heritage language school in California. The study examines how these children develop their ethnic identity while collectively learning Korean as a heritage language. Drawing on discourse analysis focused on social practices, the study analyzed classroom conversations between teacher and children, and between children. Findings show that learning Korean as a heritage language at a Korean heritage language school plays an important role in fostering the ethnic identity of young Korean American children. Moreover, they negotiate their ethnic identity as Korean American while using their Korean names and Korean honorifics in social interaction with others in the community. Theoretical perspectives and implications of these results are discussed.
The Role of the Will in Chatton’s and Ockham’s Theories of Consciousness
Authors: Gamboa Lydia Deni
Published: December 2022

According to Ockham and Chatton, every cognitive process through which one genuinely cognizes a mental state involves a reflexive act of the will. They think that such an act is necessary to explain why we do not genuinely cognize every present mental act. With respect to a present extra-mental thing, an act of the will can only be elicited once such thing has been intuitively apprehended, because according to both authors one cannot voluntarily desire something whose existence one does not know. However, with respect to mental acts, Ockham and Chatton maintain the opposite: an act of the will precedes the simple apprehension of a straight or direct act. As a consequence, in both theories of consciousness the same problem arises: how can the will want something that it does not know? This article presents Chatton’s and Ockham’s responses to this question.
Future Contingents and the Iterated Exchange
Authors: Bornholdt Jon
Published: December 2022

In his Reportatio super Sententias (ca. 1321–1323), Walter Chatton proposes a solution to the problem of future contingents based on propositional analysis. Future-tense statements must be disambiguated with the help of a scope distinction between temporal and truth operators, such that a statement like “Socrates will sit” comes out either as (1) “it is true now that Socrates will sit,” or (2) “it will be true that Socrates sits.” On the first analysis, Socrates’s action is necessitated, whereas on the second it remains contingent. In his later Quodlibet (ca. 1330), Chatton maintains his original analysis but augments it with an ingenious use of the traditional distinction between actus exercitus and actus significatus. His use of the distinction enables him both to give some speech-act-theoretical content to the scope analysis, which had been open to the charge of mere formalism, and to defend it cogently against an apparently strong counterargument.
Geraldus Odonis on Atomism
Authors: Marinca Andrei
Published: December 2022

The Franciscan Geraldus Odonis (d. 1349) presented his indivisibilist theory of continua in Paris at a time when similar theses were advanced in the studia across the Channel. The Chancellor of the University of Oxford, Henry of Harclay (d. 1317), caused considerable stir among his colleagues by endorsing a mathematical atomism, and his most famous follower, Walter Chatton, O. F. M., developed his brand of atomism in the early 1320s. The present article focuses on one of the five different redactions of Odonis’s famous question De continuo, preserved in his commentary on Book ii of Peter Lombard’s Sentences (d. 44, q. 4). The first part of the article examines the main differences between the various redactions of the question De continuo. The second part explores the philosophical content and the circumstances surrounding the redaction found in Book ii of Odonis’s Sentences commentary. While acknowledging that Odonis’s atomism is similar to Harclay’s, it is argued that Odonis’s theory is a significant departure from the type of atomism espoused by Harclay. The Appendix provides the first complete critical edition of the said redaction of Odonis’s question De continuo.
Mary Magdalene and the Life of Judith in Life of Brian
Authors: Crossley James
Published: December 2022

This article provides a snapshot of how Mary Magdalene was understood in 1970s Britain through the character of Judith in Monty Python’s Life of Brian. Judith as presented in Life of Brian is compared with Mary Magdalene as presented in Jesus Christ Superstar, especially the receptions of the hit musical in newspapers of the time where there was a recurring focus on sexuality and gender stereotypes. The comparison shows that, while Life of Brian may not be the most progressive film in terms of gender and sexuality, it did challenge some of these stereotypes about Mary Magdalene by normalizing Judith’s attitude towards sex and making her (largely) a voice of reason in the film.
Redeeming Mary, Redeeming Jesus
Authors: Rindge Matthew S.
Published: December 2022

This article argues that Martin Scorsese’s Mary Magdalene is as unique as Scorsese’s Jesus; she plays an integral role in the film, both in her own journey, and as a central catalyst in Jesus’ transformation. In these and other ways, The Last Temptation of Christ both redeems Mary Magdalene and portrays her as a redeemer of Jesus.
Problems Relating to Archiving Nikah Documents in Germany’s Arab Mosques
Authors: Jaraba Mahmoud
Published: December 2022

In this contribution, I examine how Arab imams in Germany draw up and archive documents pertaining to exclusively religious Islamic marriages (nikah). The absence of a central Islamic authority responsible for registering and safeguarding nikah documents in Germany has led to the emergence of a wide range of practices among Arab imams. These include formal registrations of nikahs on pre-printed forms kept in files, boxes or a storeroom; non-standardised documents issued and handled in various different ways; and orally concluded contracts with no documentary trail whatsoever. In this article, I describe and analyse the different approaches to and practices associated with conducting and recording nikahs among Arab imams. I found that some imams try to formalise the documentary trail with a view to protecting the religious rights of spouses and avoiding internal disputes, whereas others lack experience of institutionalised procedures, thus creating what might be described as archival chaos. I argue that, to reduce the likelihood of unintended consequences, a large number of imams in Germany would benefit from receiving help with professionalising their nikah practices and setting up sound mosque administrations and professionally run archives.
Turkish Mosque Archives in Industrial Towns in Southern Germany: An Ethnographic Survey
Authors: Jonker Gerdien , Elbel Isabel , Klein Arne , Klopke Jule , Müssig Stephanie , Schönstedt Jens , Ulbricht Victoria
Published: December 2022

Starting from the thesis that European mosque archives offer important sources for the history of Muslims and Islam in Europe, this contribution presents results of a pilot survey into the whereabouts of mosque archives in Germany. Focusing on five small towns in industrial zones where predominantly Turkish contract workers have settled, we asked Turkish mosque administrators, chairmen and imams how they had handled papers in the past, whether and where they had stored folders that were not in use anymore, and what kind of documents their collections contained. What we found were various archival records in a wide and unexpected range of places. We also learned that our questions prompted very different reactions. Umbrella organisations understood their archives as tools for preserving the written sources documenting their origins, whereas local administrators tended to see them as records of their personal memories. Our conclusion is that the time is ripe for the development of knowledge about mosque archives in Germany and, with regard to the founding generation, this is of crucial importance.
Factors That Shape Mosque Archives
Authors: Müssig Stephanie
Published: December 2022

In most mosque archives, the subject range seems to be limited to bureaucratic matters. In this article I discuss the factors that are responsible for this constraint. Using academic literature on (Christian) religious and (ethnic) community archives, as well as relying on the research presented in this special issue, I develop a hierarchical (or multi-level) model of subject ranges in mosque archives by considering factors at the individual, intermediate, and system level. I argue that the individual dispositions of mosque leaders regarding resources and attitudes, as well as funds at the intermediate level, are key to the maturing of the archiving culture in mosques.
Overviewing a Century. The Lahore-Ahmadiyya Mosque Archive in Berlin
Authors: Jonker Gerdien
Published: December 2022

In 1923, Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat ve Islam with headquarters in Lahore (hereafter: Lahore-Ahmadiyya) sent the pedagogue Maulvi Sadr-ud-Din to Berlin commissioned to erect a mosque, create a mission and enter in conversation with the Europeans. The European mission was a comprehensive answer to the challenge that the British Empire presented to Muslims. In their hometown, Lahore, Lahore-Ahmadiyya aimed at comparing religions in order to push back British missionaries and disprove Christian claims to superiority. Adapting to the German setting, which in the years to come would swiftly move from democratic to nationalistic politics, the mission in Berlin created many variations on that theme. Today, the mosque registry, holding records of almost 100 years of administration, bears witness to the efforts of the missionaries to explain to various German audiences their view of Islam. An important source for Muslim history in Germany, the archive highlights such different research subjects as Muslim modernity at work, the language of secular Islam, Indian-German approximations, conversion, and mixed marriage. In 2018, it was donated to the National Archive in Berlin, where the approximately 70,000 documents and 5,000 photographs were made available for research. This contribution offers an analysis of the contents.
Mosque Archives and a Muslim Collective Memory in Formation
Authors: Agai Bekim
Published: December 2022

Looking at the fragmented documents of Muslim community life at mosques, bringing together different types of materials and creating mosque archives is a challenging endeavour, as shown by the contributions in this volume. This contribution asks for the implication the archives, once collected and considered as parts of a larger picture, can have for the formation of a Muslim collective memory. Connecting different archives – with their singular experiences – into collective forms of memory, similar experiences and ruptures come to the surface and a new perspective on a shared German history is articulated. As the collective memory is a reservoir to understand the past, giving meaning to the present, and a source for the future, this process has a social and political dimension. The process of creating a Muslim collective memory will fill blanks within German history and add new chapters, but will at the same time change Muslim self-perception and self-positioning by recentring their sometimes ambiguous experiences within a larger setting.
Mosque Archives of the 1950s in Focus
Authors: Chbib Raida , Matuschik Julius
Published: December 2022

This contribution aims at illuminating Muslim community life in the 1950s in Germany with the help of photographs. In 2020, probing into a research field that until then was largely terra incognita, the photojournalist Julius Matuschik with the support of a sociologist of religion, Raida Chbib, contacted mosques they knew had been built in the 1960s and wrote to 100 city archives in search of photographic and other evidence. In this way, photograph collections and paper records of religious gatherings and activities of Muslims in Berlin, Munich, Aachen, Hamburg, Frankfurt and Schwetzingen (Mannheim) were identified and brought into communication with one another. Offering unique visual insights in each of these places, this article shows that Muslim religious infrastructures were established long before the arrival of the so-called guest workers and that Muslim religious life in the 1950s was broader than has hitherto been suggested. Moreover, a blind spot was revealed when gathering detailed information about a congregation in the 1950s in the architecturally remarkable mosque building in the garden of the Schwetzingen Palace.
How Sherwin Carlquist turned long-distance dispersal research into a field of empirical and experimental enquiry
Authors: Renner Susanne S.
Published: December 2022

While Sherwin J. Carlquist (1930–2021) did not originate the concept of long-distance dispersal and its role in evolution — a major pillar in Darwin’s theory (1859) — he almost single-handedly turned research on dispersal to insular habitats into an empirical and experimental research area. This contribution explains how and why this occurred based on Carlquist’s own papers and personal account, and provides a brief assessment of the historical context of his research on long-distance dispersal. I end on a personal note; in 1981, when I was a graduate student, Carlquist participated in a symposium on ‘Dispersal and Distribution’ in Hamburg, and the paper he gave there on intercontinental dispersal greatly influenced my own work.
An African Perspective on the Nature of Mind: Reflections on Yoruba Contextual Dualism
Authors: Balogun Babalola Joseph , Oyelakin Richard Taye
Published: December 2022

The problem of the nature of mind has lingered for a long time. Generated by the question of whether the mind is an independently existing entity or merely an aspect of bodily events and processes, the problem of the nature of mind has divided Western philosophers into two opposing camps, namely dualism and physicalism. Contemporary discourse of the nature of minds, within the Western philosophical tradition, continues to privilege physicalism over dualism, because it avoids the theoretical impasse engendered by the dualist inability to account for how two radically different entities manage to interact with each other. Although physicalism avoids the dualist pitfalls, it, however, encounters the problem of plausibly accounting for the possibility of conscious experience without commitment to the dualist ontology of a realm different from the body. In this article, we provide an African (Yoruba) perspective to the question of the nature of mind as an alternative to the Western perspective represented by dualist and physicalist theories. We develop a variant of dualism called “contextual dualism,” which accepts the dualist basic tenet of the duality of body and mind but diverges from it by permitting that some physical organs of the body also function in the capacity of the mind. Using ethnological analysis and the Yoruba linguistic hermeneutics as theoretical frameworks, the paper argues that the difference between when a physical organ functions as body and when it functions as mind is revealed in Yoruba language through their contexts of use. The paper concludes that contextual dualism drives a reconciliatory wedge between mainstream dualism and physicalism.