bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The cardiovascular system's Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS).
Authors: Abbod Lamiaa Saoud , Abd Algabar Fatima Amir
Published: July 2023

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) has a noteworthy part in triggering, and inflammation is maintained by its physiological agents. A crucial mechanism for the initiation and headway of CVD, including Hypertension and atherosclerosis, is inflammation. In addition to its primary function in controlling blood pressure and its contribution to Hypertension, RAAS has pro-inflammatory and profibrotic cellular and molecular effects. Cardiovascular and renal disorders can be treated more effectively by hindering RAAS. Proof recommends that RAAS inhibition enhances vascular remodelling and gets better CVD sequels. Lower levels of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and favourable effects on endothelial progenitor cell regeneration are likely the causes of RAAS inhibition's sound vascular effects.
Hyper Immunoglobulin E (IgE); an immune deficiency (Job Syndrome)
Authors: Ismail Saqib , Khurshid Fatima
Published: July 2023

Hyper-IgE Syndrome (HIES), also known as Job Syndrome; is a rare genetic disorder that affects the immune system and can lead to various health complications. The text mentions cornerstone of HIES therapy is proper skin care, infection prevention, and aggressive infection treatment. Treatments for HIES can include antibiotics that target S. aureus, typically used to reduce the incidence of pneumonia and the risk of lung damage. Skincare routines can involve bleach baths or chlorhexidine washes, oral anti-staphylococcal prophylactic antibiotics, and other treatments to avoid abscesses. Antifungal prophylaxis may be beneficial for HIES patients who have chronic Candida infections. Defects in antibody synthesis can vary, making it difficult to provide general recommendations for immune globulin replacement in HIES.
Trichobezoar: A case report of a hairball in the stomach
Authors: Khurshid Fatima , Hussain Muzzamal , Razzaq Ans Abdul
Published: July 2023

Trichobezoar is an underdiagnosed condition that should be considered in children and teenagers, particularly girls. According to a late diagnosis, trichobezoars can result in gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation. In this report, we discussed a 14-year-old girl who presented with severe abdominal pain with a well-defined mass in the Epigastrium; a CT scan revealed a giant mass with stomach distension which was removed through Gastrotomy. Gastric bezoars that are misdiagnosed could have life-threatening effects. Effective screening is necessary for early diagnosis. It is crucial to receive medical counselling to avoid a recurrence of bezoar.
Psychological side effects of radiation therapy on cancer patients.
Authors: Khurshid Fatima , Abdul Razzaq Ans , Khurshid Hafsa
Published: July 2023

Background: In this study, we investigated the prevalence of anxiety and depression in cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy and identified the factors associated with the multidimensional model, including sociodemographic, clinical, function and well-being, and symptom variables.

Methodology: The research was conducted at the Shifa International Hospital Ltd. in Islamabad's radiation oncology clinic from February 2022 to May 2022. Assessments of side effects and the intensity of typical symptoms experienced by cancer patients receiving radiation therapy have been carried out using the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI) questionnaire. Version 20.0 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) has been used to analyze the data. They were described using categorical statistics using frequency and percentage.

Results: The majority of participants were women. During the treatment, patients experienced various psychological reactions, such as nausea, Pain, anxiety, depression, fear, fatigue, disturbed sleep, and shortness of breath. Many patients also reported feeling sad, losing enjoyment of life, and having disturbed relationships with people around them. However, the psychological state of patients improved at the end and after the Intervention.

Conclusion: Acute psychological side effects appeared in several patients receiving radiation therapy, such as anxiety, depression, fear, and low self-esteem. Hence, we concluded it has a high incidence. So, radiation therapy patients should receive support and care for their psychological well-being.
Apprehension among medical students while dealing with patients: A cross-sectional study in a private sector medical college and teaching hospital.
Authors: Zaman Saad Amir , Zahid Shahroz , Ijaz Umer , Khan Amna , Abbas Ramsha
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Beginning to deal with patients can be a testing experience for medical students. Many schools have endeavored to understand students' perceptions and acclimatize them to the stresses of clinical work with success.

Objective: This study aimed to identify undergraduate students' apprehensions when dealing with patients, explore the underlying causes of these apprehensions, examine gender differences in apprehension levels, and investigate any effect of patient encounters on career choices.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted on third, fourth and fifth-year medical students of Shifa College of Medicine, selected by simple random sampling. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).

Results: Results showed that 22.5% of the students felt significant apprehension when dealing with contagious patients, 11.2% with psychiatric patients, and 13.0% with terminal patients. Male students exhibited more apprehension than female students when interacting with female patients of similar age (p=0.0001) and middle age (p=0.020). Greater apprehension was felt in the Emergency Room (mean 2.66) as compared to in-patient (2.07) and community clinic (1.82). The highest level of apprehension was in the presence of a consultant (51.5% answered either 4 or 5). 128 students (75.7%) believed they would be less apprehensive if they saw more patients.

Conclusion: Specific apprehensions among medical students were identified when interacting with different types of patients. Gender differences, clinical settings, and the presence of consultants influenced apprehension levels. Increasing patient exposure was seen as one solution to reduce apprehension.
A spectrum of severity and prevalence of malignant hyperthermia in anesthetized patients with inhalational anesthetic.
Authors: Khan Abrar , Imran Muhammad , Khan Amjad Hayat , Hussain Yaseen , Khan Fazlullah
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) or hyperpyrexia is a pharmacogenetic syndrome of skeletal muscles caused by volatile anesthetics such as halothane and depolarized muscle relaxant suxamethonium. The prevalence of MH in Islamabad has not been explored.

Methodology: This was a retrospective study on the severity and prevalence of MH in anesthetized patients with inhalational anesthetics Clinical data from the previous years, i.e. from June 2020 to June 2021, from eight tertiary care hospitals in Islamabad was collected.

Results: Out of 40,900 patients discharged from these hospitals under general anesthesia, only 07 patients were diagnosed with MH due to anesthesia. MH is associated with gender; in our study, more incidence was observed in males than females. Of the seven patients with MH, four (57.14%) were males, and three (42.86%) were females. The prevalence rate of MH was 0.018% due to anesthesia in surgical patients which is approximately 1 per 5842 cases.

Conclusion: This research study concluded that the prevalence rate of MH in Islamabad is 0.018%. The prevalence rate for males is slightly higher than for females. According to this statement, the total number of male patients who got MH was four, and females were three out of 40900 surgical cases under general anesthesia in a specific year of duration. The prevalence of MH due to anesthesia in surgical patients treated in Islamabad hospitals is approximately 1 per 5842 cases. MH risk in males is significantly higher than in females.
Melody of sleep by sun: Association between serum vitamin D levels and sleep quality in ESRD patients.
Authors: Fatima Zoha , Rashid Ujala Abdul , Nasim Umara , Muattar Hafiza Amina
Published: July 2023

Background: Hemodialysis (HD) is a commonly employed treatment modality for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. It is also closely related to the sleep-wake cycle. It has both sleep-improving and deteriorating results. Sleep regulation is tightly coupled to vitamin D; hence, its deficiency might impact the duration and quality of sleep. This study intends to evaluate the association between sleep quality and serum vitamin D levels in HD patients.

Objective: To assess the quality of sleep in patients with ESRD on routine HD and determine the association of vitamin D deficiency with sleep quality.

Methodology: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on the patients presenting to the dialyzing centre of the Department of Nephrology, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, for twice-weekly routine hemodialysis, from May 2022 to June 2022. 

Results: In this study, the quality of sleep in End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients on twice-weekly hemodialysis (HD) was assessed using the PSQI score. PSQI scores were associated with serum vitamin D levels in these patients. A significantly strong positive correlation existed between serum levels of 25-OH D and sleep quality (r = −0.468, p = 0.001).

Conclusion: More than half of the patients undergoing routine hemodialysis could not sleep well at night. Among other related factors, vitamin D deficiency was an independent risk factor for poor sleep quality. Further studies are needed to determine the impact of vitamin D supplementation on improving sleep quality to strengthen the association between vitamin D levels and sleep disorders.
Effect of seasonal changes on frequency of eclampsia in patients presenting to Ayub Teaching Hospital.
Authors: Fawad Aneesa , Zardad Bushra , Jadoon Humaira , Ismail Ayesha
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Eclampsia is an acute obstetrical emergency carrying high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. High blood pressure during pregnancy after 20 weeks of gestation is associated with proteinuria and generalized tonic-clonic convulsions. The purpose of the study is to observe seasonal variation in the presentation of eclampsia in a tertiary-level hospital.

Methods: This is two years study conducted in the Gynae A unit, Ayub teaching hospital, Abbottabad, from January 2021 to December 2022. The study included all the patients admitted to the unit with eclampsia. It included antenatal patients and patients who developed eclampsia in labour or perpurium. Patients with a history of fits due to epilepsy or any other neurological disease were excluded from the study. 

Results: The total number of patients admitted with eclampsia during this period was 88 (1.22 %). The majority of patients were in the age group between 21 to 35 years (78.3%). There were 52 primigravidas out of 88(59.1%). There were 46 multigravidas (40.9%). 78 patients out of 88(88.6 %) belonged to areas more than 25 kilometres away from a medical facility. The season was cross-tabulated with different variables, and no statistical significance was found.

Conclusion: Eclampsia is a severe obstetrical emergency usually involving young primigravidas with poor socioeconomic status and no antenatal care. Primary prevention is regular antenatal care. Early referral and time management will reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The incidence of eclampsia is more in the fall and winter seasons.
The Effect of an Aqueous Extract of Illicium verum on Serum Levels of Thyroid Hormones and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Patients With Hypothyroidism
Authors:   Independent Researcher in Traditional Medicine, Tabriz, Iran., Koushan Yaghob , Yari Khosroushahi Ahmad ,   Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Geranmayeh Mohammad Hossein ,   Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Hashemipour Sima ,   Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Ghadimi Yari Mahnaz ,   Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Haghighian Hossein Khadem ,   Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Published: July 2023

Background: Hypothyroidism has been associated with complications such as increased inflammation, and oxidative stress. Objective: This pilot study was created to assess the impact of Illicium verum (I. verum) on serum levels of thyroid hormones as well as depression, anxiety, and stress in hypothyroidism patients given the detrimental effects of oxidative stress on thyroid function and considering the antioxidant properties of I. verum. Methods: In this double-blind clinical research with a placebo group, which was performed as a pilot, 20 hypothyroid individuals were recruited. Participants were randomly allocated to a capsule containing 1.5 g of I. verum (per day) (n=10) or a placebo (n=10) for 8 weeks. Thyroid hormones, including free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured at the beginning and end of the study. Furthermore, depression and stress were assessed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) survey. Quantitative analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 20. Findings: No discernible difference was observed between the blood thyroid hormone levels at the baseline. TSH levels in the intervention group decreased significantly at the end of the study, while FT3, FT4, T3, and T4 levels increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared to the study’s initial findings, the intervention group experienced considerably lower mean changes in terms of depression, anxiety, and stress scores. (P<0.05). Conclusion: The I. verum supplement can be helpful as a dietary supplement with antioxidant properties in patients with hypothyroidism. This herbal supplement can increase the effectiveness of medication in patients with hypothyroidism.
Aging and Immunity in COVID-19
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy., Paganelli Roberto
Published: July 2023

The COVID-18 pandemic severely affected people older than 65 years, especially those with age-related comorbidities, causing a disproportionate death burden in this age group. The reasons for this difference from other respiratory virus pandemics have been attributed to the aging-induced changes in the immune system, and their effects on the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia. In this brief review, I summarize some of the recent findings throwing light on the relationship between aging, immunity, and the severity of COVID-19.
The Effect of Magnesium Sulfate on Pain Intensity and Menstrual Blood Loss in Students With Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors:   Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Nezamivand-Chegini Salimeh , Abedi Parvin ,   Department of Midwifery, Menopause Andropause Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran., Honarmandpour Azam ,   Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Shoushtar University of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran., Namjouyan Forough ,   Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, JondiShapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Yaralizadeh Masoumeh ,   Reproductive Health Promotion Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran., Ghanbari Saeed ,   Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Published: July 2023

Background: No evidence exists for the lowest effective dose of magnesium on menstrual pain. Objective: To determine and compare the effects of two different doses of magnesium on pain intensity and menstrual blood loss in students with primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: Sixty dysmenorrhea patients were randomly assigned to one of two therapeutic groups and one placebo group (receiving one tablet a day of 300 or 150 mg magnesium sulphate or placebo from the 15th cycle day until no pain existed on the following cycle). Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Hjgham collected data for two cycles before and two cycles after the intervention. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and ANCOVA tests. Findings: No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of baseline characteristics. Both intervention groups outperformed the placebo group in terms of pain intensity (adjusted differences of -2.9, 95% confidence intervals of -3.3 to -2.4 and -1.9, -2.4 to -1.5, respectively) and menstrual bleeding (-20.0, -26.0 to -14.0, and -13.0, -19.0 to -7.0, respectively), as well as the secondary outcome, i.e. rest duration and ibuprofen consumption. In terms of pain alleviation and menstrual bleeding, participants in the 300 mg magnesium group outperformed those in the 150 mg magnesium group. No significant difference was observed between intervention groups regarding secondary outcomes. Conclusion: Both magnesium levels are useful in alleviating pain and reducing menstrual bleeding, although 300 mg of magnesium was more effective.
Clinical Characteristics and Underlying Medical Conditions Among Hospitalized Children and Adult Patients With Seasonal Influenza
Authors:   Department of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Research Development Unit, Bou Ali Sina Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Ghoreishi Gholam Ali , Bijani Behzad ,   Department of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Research Development Unit, Bou Ali Sina Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Allami Abbas ,   Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Published: July 2023

Background: Influenza is a respiratory infection that causes a wide range of symptoms, from mild symptoms to a significantly impaired disease. Objective: This study aims to examine demographic characteristics, clinical features, and underlying medical conditions in children and adults hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza. Methods: This was a retrospective comparative study on 333 adults and 102 children hospitalized with symptoms of acute respiratory tract infection and seasonal influenza confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in three university hospitals, in Qazvin City, Iran, during two influenza seasons (March 2017 and February 2019). Findings: Most clinical manifestations of influenza were similar among adults. A significant difference was observed among the two groups in terms of 1) a greater proportion of male patients in children (66.7%) and female patients in adults (58.6%); 2) adults were more exposed to risk factors than children (median 1 vs. 0); 3) a greater proportion of children presenting influenza-related encephalopathy (38.2% vs. 26.7%) and upper respiratory signs compared to adults; 4) a greater proportion of adults presenting lower respiratory signs and symptoms compared to children. The most common underlying conditions were asthma and diabetes mellitus (DM) in adults and diabetes mellitus (DM) and cancer in children. The duration of hospitalization had a significant relationship with the number of risk factors (r=0.219, P<0.001). Conclusion: In summary, influenza-related encephalopathy and upper respiratory signs are more prevalent in children, and in contrast, adults are more likely to have underlying medical conditions than children with seasonal influenza.
Demographic, Clinical, and Paraclinical Characteristics of the Fourth Surge of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ardabil Province, Iran
Authors:   Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran., Eterafi Majid , Makaremi Shima ,   Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran., Shaker Hamidreza ,   Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran., Fouladi Nasrin ,   Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran., Khaze Shahgoli Vahid ,   Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Jeddi Farhad ,   Department of Medical Genetics and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran., Safarzadeh Elham ,   Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Published: July 2023

Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease, has been known as a worldwide pandemic involving many countries, including Iran. Meantime, the analyses of clinical and demographic features of the fourth surge in COVID-19 patients provide a better overview of disease management and mortality reduction. Objective: This study aimed to identify the effective clinical and demographic hallmarks of the fourth wave of COVID-19 in Ardabil Province, Iran. Methods: We carried out a population-based analytical cross-sectional study using clinical and demographic characteristics of COVID-19 from February 2021 to May 2021 among confirmed COVID-19 patients who were admitted to the hospital during the fourth surge. Predictors of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death were evaluated by controlling for intervening variables. Findings: We evaluated 500 patients, of whom 54.5% were men, and 45.5% were women. Among them, 35.1% of patients had hypertension as the main comorbidity, followed by diabetes (21.4%), cardiovascular disease (8.4 %), renal diseases (2.4%), and others. The findings indicated that increasing age has increased mortality among patients with COVID-19. Moreover, our results showed that among the analyzed items, age, sex, and cerebral vascular accident (CVA) were indicated as predictors of ICU admission. Conclusion: This evaluation demonstrated that old age and comorbidities are two major risk factors for reducing the probability of recovery and increasing admission to the ICU. Therefore, elderly individuals with at least one co-morbidity are at higher risk of becoming infected.
Comparison of the Quality of Life of COVID-19 Patients Cared for at Home and in the Hospital
Authors:   Department of Intensive Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Yekefallah Leili , Ahmadi Abbas ,   Department of Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Kalhor Rohollah ,   Department of Healthcare Services Management, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Soltani Soheil ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran., Namdar Peyman ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran., Mohammadi Sareh ,   Department of Treatment Deputy of Health , Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
Published: July 2023

Background: The demand for home care services has increased not only due to the increase in the elderly population but also due to consumer preference and technological advances that allow for the provision of sophisticated home care. Home healthcare services aim to help people improve their performance, live a more independent life, improve their well-being, and help them stay at home, and avoid hospitalization. Objective: This study was conducted to compare the quality of life (QoL) of COVID-19 patients under home care at a hospital in Qazvin City, Iran. Methods: his study was a cohort study. The samples included two groups of patients, hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 and patients with COVID-19 who received medical and nursing care at home. Patients were matched for age, underlying disease, and severity of the COVID-19 disease. In this study, a 3-month follow-up on changes in QoL compared to before hospitalization and receiving care at home was performed using a QoL questionnaire (SF-12). Findings: The mean score of QoL in the home care group was 32.36±2.15 and in the hospitalized group, it was 29.70±2.94, which shows a statistically significant difference, and the quality of home care patients reported to be higher than hospitalized patients (P<0.001, t=7.20) Conclusion: Receiving hospital care at home increases the QoL for patients with COVID-19. This finding can be generalized during different epidemics, and home care can be an excellent alternative to hospitalization for some patients.
A 16-year-old Adolescent With Mediastinal Seminoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors:   Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia., Tudor Karolina Malic , Marijan Batinic ,   Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia., Visnja Armanda ,   Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia., Marijana Rogulj ,   Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia., Simic Ivana Franic ,   Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia., Tomas Sandra Zekic ,   Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia.
Published: July 2023

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that arise from the primordial germ cells of the human embryo, which are normally destined to produce reproductive cells sperm, or ova. GCTs can be present in both gonadal GCTs and extragonadal GCT sites. Pediatric GCTs are relatively rare tumors with an incidence of 2%-3%. Primary mediastinal germ cell tumors GCTs are very rare extragonadal GCTs that arise in the anterior mediastinum. In this report, we present the case of a 16-year-old boy with primary seminoma arising in the anterior mediastinum. The patient presented with the symptoms of cough, fever, and chest tightness. CT finding was in favor of a large expansive process measuring 12.4x6.7x14.2 cm in the anterior mediastinum, accompanied by a conglomeration of hilar lymph nodes in the level of brachiocephalic veins juncture. Fine needle biopsy and core biopsy were performed transthoracically, under the control of MSCT. Based on histology and immunohistochemistry, the diagnosis of mediastinal germ cell tumor with immunophenotype of seminoma was made. The patient was treated with 4 cycles of chemotherapy by BEP protocol without significant side effects and toxicities. The patient remained disease-free for 16 months. The purpose of reporting this case is to confirm that chemotherapy with cisplatin-based regimens has markedly improved the outcome of adults and children with GCTs as well.
The representation of Santiago Carrillo in the political imagery of «Enverists». The cases of the Party of Labour of Albania and the Communist Party of Spain (Marxist-Leninist)
Authors:   University of Cádiz, Rosano Alloza Mario , Baró Queralt Xavier ,   Universidad Internacional de Cataluña
Published: July 2023

In this article we will start an approach to the figure of Santia-go Carrillo and his role in the history of the international communist movement. This approximation will be carried out through the analysis of the documentary corpus generated by two mutually interdependent communist organizations, the PLA and the CPE (M-L). The criticisms of these parties to Santiago Carrillo's Eurocommunism are relevant because they represent the reaction of orthodoxy to one of the most out-standing tendencies of internal renewal within the communist camp in the context of the “crisis of Marxism” of the second half of the 20th century. The research, which has an up-to-date critical apparatus, will be based on a wide variety of sources including bibliographic, biographical and newspaper sources, as well as documents extracted from Spanish ar-chives.
Тhе University City in Madrid in the memorial context of the Second Spanish Republic
Authors:   Institute of the World History of the Russian Academy of Science., Grantseva Ekaterina
Published: July 2023

Тhе University City in Madrid is one of the most ambitious projects of the Spanish rationalist architecture of the late 1920s - the first half of the 1930s, a symbol of the reality and utopia of the republican desire to transform Spain. The fate of the university campus acquired a special tragedy during the civil war, acts of terror, bombing and fierce battles, the use of buildings for wartime needs, all this led the buildings of the campus to a deplorable state, not only in a physical sense, but also in a symbolic one - the destruction of rationalistic archi-tectural forms was accompanied by the collapse of the dream of a new modernized Spain, built on reasonable and fair prin-ciples. At the present stage, due to the “memorial turn”, as well as the return of “republican memory” and the experience of the legacy of the “difficult past” by Spanish society, it seems natural to turn to the symbolic heritage of Тhе Univer-sity City in Madrid. Cultural transformations of the XXI cen-tury. determined the impact of the “memorial turn” not only on historical research, but also on the sphere of artistic crea-tivity. As for historians, the subject of research is increasing-ly becoming the memory of the past, so in literature - not the ups and downs of the plot, but the construction, interpretation and translation of memories become the basis of a work of art. The symbolic image of Тhе University City in Madrid al-so appears on the pages of Antonio Muñoz Molina's novel In the Night of Time (2009), which plunges the reader into a stream of reconstructed memory of the tragic events of the 1930s. in Spain, built around the construction of a campos in Moncloa.
Brazil’s cooperation with Russia and the post-Soviet countries: quantitative analysis (195th anniversary of the establishment of bi-lateral relations)
Authors:   Institute of Latin America of the Russian Academy of Cience, Goliney Vladimir
Published: July 2023

The current article examines relations between Brazil, Russia and the post-Soviet countries. Taking into account the histori-cal roots of Brazilian-Russian cooperation since the XIX cen-tury, the author focuses on the period 1985-2022, when Bra-zil began to change its position in the international arena, gradually becoming the leader of Latin America. The author analyses 3 data sets to see, if the connections between coun-tries are profound. Firstly, the number of visits of Brazilian presidents to Russia and the post-Soviet countries since 1985 to January 2023 (to see the depth of interactions between these countries and the evolution of political agenda). Sec-ondly, the political interaction (analysis of the content of ex-isting agreements signed by Brazil from 1822 to 1st January 2023 with Russia and other states). Thirdly, trade and eco-nomic indicators (mutual exports and imports from 1992 to 2022). These indicators are also compared with trade that Brazil has with other countries in the world (indicators are di-vided on several regions: Africa, Middle East, Asia and Eu-rope (without Russia and the post-Soviet countries), Latin America (all sub-regions plus Mexico), Oceania, North Amer-ica (the USA, Canada)). The conducted research shows that Russia has a specific place in Brazil’s foreign policy, while Central Asia and the Transcaucasian countries complements BRICS strategy for multipolarity. The real cooperation between Brazil and the post-Soviet republics began during Lula da Silva Precedency, thus, his new presidential turn is expected to revive relations of Brazil with this regional space.
Gustavo Petro: the First Leftist Government in Colombian History
Authors:   Higher School of Economics, Rojas Samper Mateo
Published: July 2023

The government of Gustavo Petro aims to establish a devel-opment plan called "Colombia World Power for Life", where he expects to realize programs, plans, and projects, and to provide subsidies for the population in condition of poverty and vulnerability, to reform the fiscal, labor, justice legisla-tion and to improve education and health systems. The agen-da of the government includes also dialogue with the aim of establishing the total peace with the different actors of the armed conflict, overcoming historical injustice, ensuring a de-cent life for the population and social inclusion. In the same way, the change in the way of relating to the environment is sought with a productive transformation based on knowledge and in harmony with nature.
Analyzing the Paraguayan Presidential Election, 2023
Authors:   revista Nueva Sociedad, Stefanoni Pablo
Published: July 2023

The recent elections in Paraguay, held on April 30, once again gave victory to the Colorado Party, which has remained in power, with a small hiatus, for more than seven decades. The new president, Santiago Peña, is a protégé of former President Horacio Cartes, sanctioned by the United States for considering him "significantly corrupt." The US sanctions, which entrenched the Colorados in a nationalist discourse, were added, during the campaign, to geopolitical issues such as relations with Taiwan or the change of embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, in addition to definitions on Mercosur or relations with Venezuela.
Constitutional acts of Cuba during the liberation wars of the last third of the 19th century (1868-1898)
Authors:   Institute of the World History of the Russian Academy of Science., Ivkina Liudmmila
Published: July 2023

The liberation struggle of the Cuban people against Spanish domination, which unfolded in the last third of the XIX cen-tury, was a logical continuation of the national liberation pro-cess that began in Latin America at the beginning of the nine-teenth century. There are two most important stages in this struggle: the Ten Yearʹs War for Independence of 1868–1878, which ended with the signing of the compromise Treaty of Zanjon (a treaty without independence), and the War of 1895–1898, the "Necessary War", as its leader José Martí de-scribed it, interrupted by the intervention of the United States in the liberation process in 1898 and the outbreak of the Spanish-American War (April 25 / August 12, 1898), which ended with the elimination of Spanish domination and the creation in 1902 of the so-called "pseudo-republic" (1902–1934). During the years of the Liberation Struggle of 1868–1898, constitutional acts were created that testified to the so-cial orientation of these processes. During the Ten Year's War, important political acts such as the Manifest of Inde-pendence (October 10, 1868) proclaimed by C.M. de Céspedes, the Constitution of Guaymaro (April 1869) and the Constitution of Baraguá (March 17, 1878) were adopted. Dur-ing the liberation struggle of 1895–1898, two constitutions were created: Jimaguayú (September 16, 1895) and Yaya (Oc-tober 29, 1897). The analysis of the constitutional acts of the era of the liberation struggle became the subject of our re-search.
The evolution of the image of Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera in Pilar Primo de Rivera's narrative
Authors:   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Samsonova Daria
Published: July 2023

After the First World War, the role of women in European so-cieties increased markedly and their position began to change fundamentally. In the context of the history of women's movements of the past century, the political figure of Franco Spain, Pilar Primo de Rivera, and the Women's Section of the Spanish Falange, which she founded and led, are important objects of study. This paper examines Pilar Primo de Rivera's ideas, specifically identifying the significance of José Antonio Primo de Rivera for the Women's Section and tracing its evolution in Pilar Primo de Rivera's writings.
Numerical Modelling of Structural Behavior of RC Frames With and Without Infill Walls Subjected to Progressive Collapse
Authors: Bhatta Sanjeev , Yang Jian , Liu Qing-Feng
Published: July 2023

This paper aims to develop a numerical model of RC frame considering the same geometrical properties, material properties and boundary conditions in ABAQUS and validated with the experimental results comparing its force-displacement curve, damage pattern and stress and strain variations with the experimental outcomes. The use of infill walls increases the progressive collapse resistance force, mainly in the CAA. This is due to the addition of compressive action of infill walls to beam bending and CAA of RC frame. Plastic hinge was observed at the beam ends in case of RC bare frame. However, in the case of RC frame with infill wall, the plastic hinge was formed at some distance from middle joint interface and near the adjacent column joint on first floor and at some distance from adjacent column joint and near middle joint interface on second floor. Furthermore, in order to examine the effect of full height infill walls on progressive collapse resistance mechanism, RC frame with full height concrete block is modeled in ABAQUS and compare the results. It is seen that the RC frame with full height infill walls provides much higher progressive collapse resistance force in all stages i.e. beam mechanism stage, transient stage and catenary action stage.
Methodology of studying physical fields at the university
Authors:   Russian Biotechnology University, Kochergina Nina V. , Mashinyan Alexander A. ,   Moscow Power Engineering Institute (MPEI), Gerasimova Ella O. ,   Russian Biotechnology University
Published: July 2023

Problem and objective. The physical field as a transmitter of physical interaction is the most complex invisible object in the physics course of a technical university. There is no single mechanism for studying and description of classical fields: all fields are studied using different methods at different times. Purpose of the paper: to identify and substantiate the general approaches to formation of knowledge about physical fields and particular methods within the framework of these approaches. Methodology. The following methods were used in the research: theoretical analysis and generalisation of literature on the content of general physics course at universities; modelling a system of knowledge about physical fields on the basis of fundamental physical interaction, mathematical operators and relativistic theories; analysis of methods and approaches to forming the knowledge on physical fields that would be consistent with the above model and with modern didactic concepts on the structure of particular methodological systems. Results. The authors analysed a number of Russian and foreign methods forming the knowledge about physical fields at a technical university. The inductive and deductive approaches to studying physical fields were distinguished: their stages, content and significance of each stage for due mastering of physical and worldview-forming knowledge. The inductive approach highlights, in the first place, the connection of physical laws with experience, providing visualisation and understanding of the core of physical phenomena; however, additional work is required – generalisation of knowledge about physical fields. The deductive approach practices a unified way to explore any physical field; generalisation is made actually in parallel with the study of the new material; however, it requires preliminary work – the students’ mastering mathematical operators and their physical interpretation. Alongside with the general approaches, particular methods for studying physical fields have been shown: experiment, analogy, modelling. These methods and approaches to presentation of physics content form a basis for the construction of appropriate techniques. Conclusion. The highlighted methods and approaches to formation of ideas about physical fields as well as the methodologies for their development in technical university students meet all the requirements of the theory and practice of teaching general physics, having practical and worldview-forming significance.
The role of cross translation in learning English as a foreign language
Authors:   Al Balqa Applied University, Jubran Dr. Sereen Mousa
Published: July 2023

Introduction. In many Arab countries, students tend to translate while learning English as a foreign language and consider it a helpful way to learn the language. Utilising translation while learning a foreign language has been criticised by many researchers. In contrast, other researchers claim that translation is a beneficial aid in learning a foreign language and consider translation far from useless. So, this study aims to present the role of cross-translation in learning English as a foreign language and investigate how frequently learners translate. Study participants and methods. The study sample consisted of 67 female junior students majoring in English language and literature at Al-Balqa Applied University/ Princess Alia University College. All the students are native speakers of Arabic and are of the same age 20-21 years old. All students have been exposed to the English Language for at least two years and completed many English major requirements. The researcher analysed the data using the SPSS program and other statistical techniques such as descriptive statistical analysis, mean, standard deviations, and Pearson correlation. Results. The study findings indicated that cross-translation helped learners when learning English as a foreign language while reading, writing, listening, and speaking to different degrees. The mean and standard deviation results indicated that learners translate more when writing, which comes in first place with a mean of 19.58 and 4.17 standard deviation. In contrast, the results showed that translating while listening was in last place with a mean of 8.93 and 2.02 standard deviation. Also, Pearson correlation results showed a strong relationship among English language skills, which was significant at 0.05. This result emphasises that writing comes first in using translation while learning English. Moreover, a strong relationship exists between translation and English language learning skills with a significant statistical correlation at 0.01. Finally, the findings confirmed that translating aids comprehension of the source text's structure and content increases sensitivity to the differences between the two languages, facilitates more rapid and accurate re-expression of ideas and facilitates the acquisition of the foreign language. Practical significance. This study investigated the role of cross-translation when learning a foreign language. Also, the study examined what skill learners tend to translate more, and the analysis provided reasons for using translation. This study provides essential information for teachers to try cross-translation while teaching English as a foreign language because students translate consciously or unconsciously. So, if teachers use cross-translation as a strategy, the results will be an effective way of teaching English as a foreign language and better achievement.
Method of the development of students' foreign language communication skills based on practice with a chatbot
Authors:   Derzhavin Tambov State University, Sysoyev Pavel V. , Filatov Evgeniy M. ,   Derzhavin Tambov State University
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Chatbot is a program based on machine learning and natural language that allows the organisation of learners’ foreign language communication practice. However, the effectiveness of the teaching method depends on how and to what extent the foreign language practice with the chatbot is integrated into the foreign language learning process. The aim of the study is to develop and test the author's step-by-step method of the development of learners' foreign language communication skills based on chatbot practice. Materials and methods. Participants of the research were 1st year students of Derzhavin Tambov State University (Russian Federation), majoring in English as a Foreign Language. Students of the control group (N=25) were trained in foreign-language speech communication in traditional foreign language classes, and participants of the experimental group (N=25) in addition to regular classes for a semester once a week participated in a foreign language communication practice with a chatbot and performed tasks for the analysis of practice results. Ten foreign language speech skills were under controlled. The data analysis was carried out using the Student’s t-test. Research results. The step-by-step method of the development of students' foreign language communication skills based of practice with a chatbot proved to be effective with regard to the development of the following skills: asking for information on the topic of the dialogue (t = 2.49; p ≤ 0.05); responding to a dialogue partner's requests (t = 2.24; p ≤ 0.05); stating thoughts on the topic of the dialogue in short or extended form (t = 1.78; p ≤ 0.05); drawing conclusions (t = 1, 8; p ≤ 0.05) Expression of students’ own opinion on the topic of discussion (t = 1.91; p ≤ 0.05); providing arguments for their opinion on the topic of discussion (t = 1.41; p ≤ 0.05); interrogation, clarification, reformulation, expression ideas by other language means (t = 4, 11; p ≤ 0.05). The study did not show the effectiveness of the proposed method on the development of students' abilities to initiate a dialogue (t = 0.58; p> 0.05); welcome dialogue participants and exchange greeting phrases (t = 0.58; p> 0.05); end a conversation (t = 0.58; p> 0.05) because of students' high proficiency in these skills at the time of participation in the experiment. Conclusion. The novelty of the study is in the development of a step-by-step method of the development of learners' foreign language communication skills based on practice with a chatbot. The results of the study can be used in foreign language teaching to secondary school university level students.