bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
433 – Common Mental Disorders Associated with 2-year Diabetes Incidence: The Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (nesda)
Authors: Atlantis E. , Vogelzangs N. , Cashman K. , Penninx B.J.W.H.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Few prospective cohort studies describe the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with depression or anxiety. We aimed to determine the 2-year diabetes incidence and pattern of explanatory factors associated with depressive and/or anxiety disorders.

Methods:

A prospective cohort of 2,981 participants (aged 18–65 years, 66% women) recruited in the NESDA from community, primary care and outpatient psychiatric clinics were followed-up for two years. Complete data were analyzed from 2,460 participants without baseline diabetes. Lifetime or current (past 6-month) depressive and/or anxiety disorders at baseline were assessed using the CIDI and classified by the DSM-IV. Diabetes was classified by either self-report, medications, or fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0mmol/L. Baseline covariates included age, gender, lifestyle factors, and medical conditions. Odds ratios (OR[95% confidence intervals]) for diabetes were determined using exact logistic regression.

Results:

The unadjusted 2-year diabetes incidence was 0.2% (1/571), 1.1% (6/548), and 1.8% (24/1,340) for no, remitted, and current depressive and/or anxiety disorders, respectively. In comparison to controls, current depressive and/or anxiety disorders was associated with diabetes incidence in unadjusted (OR 10.4[1.7,429.0]) and age-adjusted (OR 11.9[1.9,423.0]) analyses. The strength of this association (β) was slightly changed after further adjustments for impaired fasting glucose (11.4%), high triglycerides (−7.8%), and lifestyle cumulative risk score (−5.0%), in contrast to other covariates when assessed in separate models.

Conclusions:

The relative odds of developing diabetes within two years was increased for persons with current depressive and/or anxiety disorders, which was partially explained by, but remained independent of, lifestyle cumulative risk factors.
434 – Excess Burden of Type 1 And Type 2 Diabetes Due to Psychopathology
Authors: Atlantis E.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Whether the prevalence of type 1 or 2 diabetes is rising among people with psychopathology is uncertain. This study investigates changes in the prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes associated with psychopathology in the adult Australian population from 2001 to 2008.

Methods:

Data analysed were from 48,359 participants aged ≥25 years from the 2001, 2004-05 or 2007-08 National Health Surveys. Lifetime diagnosis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes was determined by self-report. Psychopathology status was determined with the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (using scores ≥30), and contemporaneous use of antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications.

Results:

Overall, the prevalence of type 1 diabetes remained stable whereas the prevalence of type 2 diabetes increased by 36% between 2001 and 2008. On average, odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for type 1 and type 2 diabetes ranged from 1.43 (0.98,2.10) to 2.44 (1.63,3.64) and 1.32 (1.13,1.53) to 1.67 (1.39,2.02) for people with compared to those without psychopathology by any definition independent of socio-demographic covariates, consistently over the 8-year period. After further adjustments for lifestyle covariates, the strength of these estimates were attenuated and ranged from 1.32 (0.90,1.95) to 2.24 (1.49,3.36) and 1.16 (0.99,1.36) to 1.51 (1.24,1.83) for type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes was consistently higher for people with psychopathology from 2001-2008. Clinicians should consider routinely screening patients with diabetes for psychopathology and vice versa, as well as lifestyle risk factors, to inform practice.
446 – Prevalence of Anxiety Disorder Among Cardiovascular Patients in Ilam Province, Western Iran
Authors: Peyman H. , Yaghoubi M. , Zarei M. , Dastgerdian F.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Anxiety-related disorders have frequently been considered as potential risk factors for developing and/or worsening cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence of panic attack and depression as anxiety-related disorders are reported to be 10% and 15% respectively among cardiovascular patients.

Objectives:

To evaluate anxiety among cardiovascular patients.

Aims:

This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and its associated factors among cardiovascular patients.

Method:

It was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which anxiety-related disorders were investigated among 60 cardiovascular patients hospitalized at the Shaheed Mostafa Hospital in Ilam in 2009. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used for data gathering. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS-17 software.

Results:

Mean age±standard deviation was 62.6 ± 3.1years. The prevalence of anxiety was estimated to be 20%. Majority of the patients were female (63.3%) and more than three quarters (77%) were illiterate. Almost two-thirds (67%) reported unemployment without any source of income. One in every four samples was smoker and half of them reported having a family problem at home. History of heart attack, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hospital admission were 33.7%, 56.7%, 40.0% and 63.3% respectively. There was a significant association between anxiety-raised of suffering from a mental crisis due to loss or sickness of family members/ close friends and increased rate of cardiovascular disorders (p< 0.05).

Conclusions:

The rate of anxiety-related disorders in Ilam was significantly higher compared to the national reports across the country which needs more attention by health workers. Psychological consultations, behavioral-conceptual therapies and regular exercises are recommended.
459 – Hypovitaminosis D and Hypotestosteronemia in Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Agarwal S.K.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Several studies have suggested that vitamin D and testosterone levels may be physiologically and pathologically interlinked. However this relsationship has not been studied in schizophrenia.

Objectives:

To demonstrate an association between vitamin D and testosterone levles in schizophrenia.

Aims:

To establish that hypovitaminosis D is associated with hypotestosteronrmia.

Methods:

Laboratory data of all male patients with schizophrenia seen for annual physicals in our office was reviewed. Vitamin D was measured as 25-hydroxyvitamin D and classified as follows: more than 30 ng/ml: normal; 21 to 30 ng/ml: mild deficiency; 11 to 20 ng/mL: moderate deficiency; 10 ng/ml or less: severe deficiency. Testosterone levels were tested by L/MSMS methodology (normal: 348.0–1197 ng/dL).

Results:

47 male patients had both vitamin d and testosterone measured: Of these 47, 36 (77%) had hypovitaminosis D and 20 (43%) had LTL. Of the 11 with normal vitamin d levels, 2 (18%) had LTL and 8 (82%) had NTL. Of the 36 with low vitamin D, 18 (50%) had LTL and 18 had NTL (50%). Of the 6 with severe deficiency, 4 (66%) had low and 2 had normal testosterone levels (NTL); of the 15 with moderate deficiency, 7 (47%) had LTL and 9 had NTL and of the 15 with mild deficiency, 7 (47%) had LTL and 8 had NTL.

Conclusions:

Vitamin D deficiency appears to be closely related to low testosterone levels in a male schizophrenic population. Supplementation with both vitamin D and testosterone may be needed in these patients.
460 – The Prevalence and Severity of Obsessive-compulsive Disorder and its Relationship with Dermatological Lesion in Iranian Dermatological Clinic
Authors: Sheikhmoonesi F. , Hajheidari Z. , Mohammadpour M. , Masoudzadeh A. , Mozaffari M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder which is usually characterized by two types of symptoms, namely.obsessions and compulsions.

Objectives:

Psychosomatic disorders include psycho-cutaneous disease, obsessive-compulsive disorde r(OCD) might be expressed as dermatological lesion and are known as dermo-OCD.

Aims:

The aim of this study were to determine the prevalence and severity of OCD and its relationship with dermatological disease in sari, Iran, 2011.

Method:

The sample consisted of 265 consecutively presenting dermatological patients who agreed to participate in the study, the subjects were assessed with structured clinical interview (SCID-I) by psychiatrist resident and also completed the yalebrown obsessive compulsive scale(Y-BOCS). T-test and chi-square were used to analyze of data.

Results:

Of the 265 dermatological patients, 24(9.1%) met DSM-IV criteria for OCD. Only 9(37.5%) of them had previousely been diagnosed as OCD. The most common obsession were washing 13(54.1) and pathological doubt 7 (25%), contamination7 (25%), checking 7(25%).

Conclusion:

There is a high prevalence of OCD in dermatological patients and with considerating of importance of OCD with comorbitiy of skin disease, dermatologist must be aware about relationship between two disorders and referring OCD patients to psychiatrist.
462 – Quetiapine Monotherapy in Acute Phase for Major Depressive Disorder: A Metaanalysis of Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trials
Authors: Maneeton N. , Maneeton B. , Srisurapanont M. , Martin S.D.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

The efficacy, acceptability and/or tolerability of available antidepressants are not yet satisfactory.

Objectives:

This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the efficacy, acceptability and tolerability of quetiapine treatment for MDD.

Method:

MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched in February 2012. Efficacy outcomes were pooled mean changed scores of the standard depressive rating scales. The overall discontinuation rate and discontinuation rate due to adverse events were considered as the measure of acceptability and tolerability, respectively.

Results:

A total of 1497 participants in three published RCTs were included. The pooled mean changed score of the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale of the quetiapine-treated group were higher than those of the placebo-treated group with WMDs (95%CI) of 3.37 (-3.95, -2.79) and -2.46 (-3.47, -1.45), respectively. The overall response and remission rates were greater in the quetiapine-treated group with RRs (95%CIs) of 1.44 (1.26, 1.64) and 1.37 (1.12, 1.68), respectively. The pooled overall discontinuation rate was not different between groups with an RR (95%CI) of 1.16 (0.97, 1.39). The pooled discontinuation rate due to adverse event was greater in the quetiapine group with an RR (95%CI) of 2.90 (1.87, 4.48). The pooled mean change Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores was also higher in the quetiapine-treated group [WMD (95%CI) of -1.21 (-1.81, -0.61)].

Conclusions:

Quetiapine XR is effective for the treatment of MDD. These patients may not accept and tolerate this agent well. Its advantage on sleep improvement may be of benefit for patients with MDD.
464 – A Prospective Study of Patients Absconding from a Psychiatric Hospital in Iran
Authors: Sheikhmoonesi F. , Kabirzadeh A. , Yahyavi S.T. , Mohseni Saravi B.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Absconding from a psychiatric ward (leaving without permission) is a costly event in many ways.

Objectives:

Some risks of absconding include missed treatment which results in longer rehabilitation time or lack of treatment altogether.

Aim:

To investigate the motivation and characteristics of patients absconding from a psychiatric ward in Iran.

Methods:

A prospective study was conducted for patients who absconded from psychiatric ward in the period between July 2010 and July 2011. The variables were patients’ age, gender, hospital stay, substance abuse, psychiatric diagnosis and site of absconding. All patients were interviewed to assess their motivation for absconding.

Results:

Over a one-year period of data collection 56 absconding events were recorded, with the incidence rate of 4.24%. The mean age of absconders was 31+8.4 years, 47 (83.9%) absconders were males, 28 (50.9%) absconds happened through the park fence.

Bipolar mood disorder or schizophrenia was the diagnosis of 23 (41%) absconders. The mean number of days of hospitalization in patients who left the wards was 11 days. The main motivation to abscond was boredom from the ward environment and missing the family.

Conclusion:

The risk of absconding is highest in the early days of admission especially in male, young patients with diagnosis of bipolar mood disorder or schizophrenia.
475 – Physical Disabled Students, Aggression and Verbal Interaction
Authors: Mohammadi M. , Mohammadi S.A.
Published: July 2013

Due to the increase of population, especially in mega cities of Iran and lack of educational facilities for all of children to study, in some schools the students with physical disabilities and mental disorders are studying with normal students. Apart from problems in academic achievement these students encounter in school compared with normal students, they are at the risk of depression and isolation. As they can not participate in sports activities, they find it hard to compete with other students.The linguistic interaction of these students with normal students is limited and they apply aggressive words in interaction with normal students. There was designed a study to investigate the linguistic competence of physically-disabled students in the class and school yard. With the coordination with the school authorities, some students carried specific MP3s to record their conversations with physically-disabled students. Their behaviors in the school yard were monitored and recorded.Having analysed the data, the researchers classified the physically-disabled students verbal interaction and behavior in two major categories; class supervised and yard-unsupervised. In physical conflicts followed by expression of wrong words, they are the first side to shout and request for help from the authorities, as they knew that the authorities give rights to them.Reduction of school behavior score which is a significant parameter in continuing education is awaiting the normal students involving in physical conflict with physically disabled students. The increase of linguistic interaction through collective songs can be a good solution for these students to evacuate their hostile feelings. Educating parents to consider the natural differences can help the remedy to be complemented.
487 – Modern Antipsychotic Drugs gives Fewer Side Effects and Lower Deaths
Authors: Björling G. , Wilhelmsen L. , Welin L. , Odén A. , Björnberg A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Is there any difference in deaths and frecquency of different somatic diagnosis after the use of second generation antipsychotic drugs?

Objectives:

Using different databases of diagnos F20(schizophrenia),contact with health care system in Southwest part of Sweden(1,7 million inhabitants) Using antipsychotic drugs. By comparing Fist Generation antipsychotic drugs (FGA) with the Second Generation Antipsychotic drugs (SGA) about death, costs, the frecquency of diagnosis of different diseases mlike diabetes,stroke,coronary heart disease and hypertension.

Aims:

Identify the effects in different pharmacological treatments in Sweden.

Methods:

Indivuals with the diagnos F20 can be identified by the civic registration number in the batabase for health care contacts, death register, drug costs from the Swedish Board of Health andWelfare for the different used drugs and data from The national Insurance about absenteism were merged in a computer file. The data were coded so no one could identifie any individual.We used the costs for open care and DRG for the different hospitals to count the costs for the health care of the patients. We studied the patients july 2005 -.decembre 2009.

Results:

We studied the data of 4593 individuals with the ICD-10 diagnosis F20 -The death rate was 2,4 higher than in the total population.-not lower with drug treatment than without. The total cost varied between in euro 2700-4000.The higher cost is for SGA No difference in hospital costs between the two types of antipsychotic drugs. About the concomitant disorders Aripiprazol had a tendency have lower freguency.SGA has lower deaths.

Conclusions:

Advantages with SGA.
488 – Mortality in People with Serious Mental Illness in a Psychiatric Hospital in Greece
Authors: Argyropoulos K. , Jelastopulu E. , Tsampalas E. , Tyrovolas M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Patients with schizophrenia seem to have a higher mortality and a lower life expectancy compared to the general population.

Aims:

To estimate the rate of mortality at a psychiatric hospital and to identify the causes and risk factors of these deaths.

Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted based on the medical records of patients who had died during the time period from January 2007 to March 2012 at the 250-bed Psychiatric Hospital of Tripolis in Greece.

Results:

A total of 39 deaths were recorded (mean annual mortality: 1.7 per 1000 inpatients). Patients were predominantly male (67%), mean age 64 years, most of them farmers (41%), with low educational level (69%) and mainly unmarried (72%). Medical co-morbidity was observed in 74% of the cases, mainly hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In 59% hospitalization was made after a court order. Thirty two patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia, mainly of the paranoid form (77%). Haloperidol was the most prescribed antipsychotic drug (62%). The main causes of mortality were respiratory and cardiovascular diseases (each 59%). Six of the occurred deaths could not be determined, but autopsy classified them as natural cause of death.

Conclusions:

Low rate of mortality, no clear forensic responsibility and high rates of medical co-morbidities in schizophrenia patients were observed in this study. The implementation of medical screening and prevention programs of serious health problems should be a high priority in psychiatric hospitals in order to improve quality of life and extend life expectancy in mentally ill adults.
493 – Effect of Neurobics on Cognition of Student
Authors: Balgaonkar A.V.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Neurobics for student are mental exercises, brain teasers and puzzles those purport to enhance the brain's performance. Children's Non-routine activities and thoughts produce more chemicals of the neurobiology system of body that encourage growth of new dendrites and neurons in the brain and stimulate the brain.

Objective:

To develop the neurobics skills training program for optimal performance in cognition and gross motor and fine motor functions.

To analyze the factors influences neurobics and effect on cognition.

To examine the factors influences neurobics and gross motor and fine motor functions.

Aims:

To develop the neurobics skills training program for student to stimulate the brain. Examined the factors influences neurobics and effect on cognition and highlight the benefits of neurobics on student's overall development.

Methods:

The Researcher has been used before and after experimental and control group design for the study. Independent variable was neurobic and dependent variables were student's cognition, gross motor and fine motor functions. The sample were 140 students and 70 in each group 70+70 of III rd and IV th std. Various kinds of experiment and activities had been used for measure gross motor and fine motor function. Effect of neurobics had been evaluated by behavioral performance.

Results:

Statistic data has been analyzed by mean, SD, ‘t’ test. Results showed that neurobics of student increased performance for cognition and other areas of intelligence.

Conclusions:

Neurobics positively influence on students cognition and functional skills. Cognitive abilities can be maintained or improved by neurobic exercise.
501 – Documenting the Decision Making Process for Initiation of Pharmacological Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis/treatment for Psychiatric Inpatients
Authors: Al-Taiar H.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

This audit forms part of a wider project looking at the effective identification and management of risk of thromboembolism on psychiatric wards.

The risk of thromboembolism for psychiatric patients has been recognised as a major cause of physical co morbidity.

Methods:

Thirty eight Patients were prescribed pharmaclogic venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in the last 2 years. We looked at the following points:

Indication for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis or treatment.

Documentation of the decision for initiation of treatment.

Results:

The indications were:

Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients who sustained lower limb/pelvic fractures.

The second most common cause was that patients were already on VTE prophylaxis even before admission to our psychiatric wards.

The use of Low Molecular Weight Heparin that was initiated or suggested by the psychiatric team in six inpatients (16%). In sixteen inpatients (42%) the decision was made by another medical professionals (GP, Medical team, DVT clinic etc) whose recommendation was subsequently followed.

In the 42% of cases there was no clear documentation regarding the decision to start venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. We set our goals at 100% and we have seen adequate documentation in only 20% of cases.

Discussion:

Proper documentation of decision making to start venous thromboembolism prophylaxis/treatment is required ain all cases.

Recommendations:

More explicit explanation of the indication and decision to start venous thromboembolism prophylaxis is required.

To repeat this audit six to nine months after the introduction of the local trust policy that included robust assessment of Thromboembolic risk.
522 – Dependence on Alcohol among Seniors Treated in Mental Hospital Kromeriz, Czech Republic - Comparative Study of Prevalence between Years 2001 and 2011
Authors: Luzny J. , Bican V. , Honzak F. , Vyrostkova O. , Blazkova M. , Indrakova A. , Pospisilova I.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Dependence on alcohol is no more tabu in senior population. Prevalence of dependence on alcohol in this population ranges from 3–12% according different authors.

Objectives, aims:

To compare the prevalence of dependence on alcohol among seniors admitted to treatment in Mental hospital Kromeriz (Czech republic) between years 2001 and 2011.

Methods:

Retrospective analysis of medical records from years 2001 and 2011.

Results:

In year 2001 dependence on alcohol was detected in 2.8% admission psychiatric diagnoses, in year 2011 dependence on alcohol was detected 6.8% admission psychiatric diagnoses. Gender played no role in increase of prevalence.

Conclusion:

We detected 2-times increase in prevalence of dependence on alcohol between years 2001 and 2011 in seniors hospitalized in Mental hospital Kromeriz.
524 – Karnofsky Index and Apache II Score in Severe Dementia
Authors: Luzny J. , Vyrostkova O. , Blazkova M. , Indrakova A. , Pospisilova I.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Karnofsky score is used in oncology and APACHE II score in critical care to estimate prognosis of patients with severe health conditions. In psychogeriatric palliative care such indicators are still missing althought it can be usefull to have such instrument.

Objectives, aims:

To determine whether Karnofsky score and APACHE II score can be also used in psychogeriatry.

Methods:

Prospective study done in 2011 in psychogeriatric wards, Mental hospital Kromeriz. Karnofsky score and APACHE II score were measured in patients with severe dementia (MMSE bellow 6) at the beginning of the hospitalisation. Lethality was prospectively followed in relation to Karnofsky score and APACHE II score.

Results:

Correlation between Karnofsky score, APACHE II and lethality in patients with severe dementia was strong (r = 0.64 for Karnofsky score, r = 0.72).

Conclusion:

Both Karnofsky score and APACHE II score can be used in psychogeriatry as well to estimate prognosis in patients with severe dementia.
526 – Prevalence of Depression among Health Care's of Intensive Care Units
Authors: Khajavikhan J. , Peyman H. , Yaghoubi M. , Zarei M. , Yaghoubi M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Depression is the most prevalent psychiatric disease that affects 15% of men and 25% of women in general population. It is reported that depression has higher tolls between the staff of the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and Operation Rooms (ORs) due to their occupational circumstances.

Objectives:

To evaluate the status of depression among health care's of intensive care units

Aims:

The present study examines the prevalence of depression in the staff members of ICUs and ORs in the Ilam province of Iran.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, 48 random staff members from hospitals’ ICUs and ORs in Ilam province (western Iran) were evaluated. The data was collected using the standard Beck questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS software (ver. 17.0).

Results:

The mean age of samples was 31.86 with standard deviation of 7.95. More than half (52.1%) of participant's study were male. 50% of the them were married, 10.4% smoking, and 29.2% exercising regularly. The mean Depression score in the study was 33.6 with the standard deviation of 8.0. According to beck questionnaire, 66.7% of participants show signs of major depression. Prevalence of depression was higher in women, married, smoker, and those that having sedentary lifestyle. However, this difference was not significant (P>0.05).

Conclusions:

The prevalence of depression among participants study is significantly higher than the general population. We expect that decreasing the agreed total number of work hours, providing educational resources to improve their lifestyle, as well as holding consulting therapy groups in the hospitals are recommended.
539 – The Impact of Combat Psychic Trauma on Sexuality
Authors: Kolov S. , Ostapenko A.
Published: July 2013

Objectives:

Combatants with PTSD demonstrate a considerable change of personal characteristics but changes related to sexuality are barely studied though this area determines adaption to microsocium, helps establish emotional relationships and so on. Correlations between combat-related PTSD symptoms and sexuality are indistinct.

Method:

We studied interrelation between sexuality as a central I-function and PTSD symptoms using ISTA test and The Mississippi Scale within the group consisting of 682 male combatants among which 149 respondents had expressed PTSD symptoms and 533 men had subclinical symptoms.

Results:

Sexuality in combatants with PTSD was characterized by rising destructive manifestations, deficit of constructive forms and constancy of deficiency. The group with subclinical PTSD symptoms showed insignificant rise in destructive activity compensated by increase of constructive components of sexuality while its deficiency components demonstrated considerable fall.

Conclusions:

Combatants displayed malfunction in sexual sphere characterized by resort to abnormal and unaccepted norms, such sexual activity is often offensive both to partners and combatants and can result in sexual abuse. Personal disposition to establish relationships and derive enjoyment from intercourse is damaged at different levels and sometimes is retarded. These abnormalities are conditioned by intensity of manifested PTSD symptoms and may be part of other combat-related PTSD symptoms, such as impulsivity, aggression and others. Low values of PTSD indicate that combatants are apt to reduced prohibitions in sexual activity and moderate tendency to sexual abuse, but these trends are hypercompensated by an ability to establish mature sensual relationships and by understanding needs at different levels.
542 – Stigmatization, Personality Disorders and Adolescence
Authors: Magallón-Neri E. , Forns M. , Canalda G. , De la Fuente J.E.
Published: July 2013

The presence of comorbid personality pathology with other psychiatric disorders, imposes a worse prognosis in the development of therapeutic intervention. Additionally, this construct is usually related to stigma effect in clinical settings. Information about this effect, associated with psychiatric disorders in adolescence, is limited and little recognized.

Hypothesis:

The clinical diagnosis of personality disorder in adolescence tends to be conservative and unspecific.

Objective:

To examine the prevalence of personality disorder, and the involvement of stigma effect in adolescents with Axis I psychiatric disorders.

Method:

A sample of 100 patients with psychiatric disorders (M = 15.8, SD = 0.9 years, range 15-17, 70% women), were assessed and diagnosed for personality disorders in a mental health public centre.

Results:

The prevalence of PD identified by clinicians (12%), differs from the prevalence identified by the semi-structured interview (34–37%) showing a greater number (p < .001) of people affected. In the present sample most of the cases identified by clinicians are related to personality disorders (PD) not otherwise specified, while with the implementation of semi-structured interviews, most of the sample met criteria for Cluster B PDs. Additionally, 11% of the sample has dimensional pathological features (probable PD) without complying categorically the criteria for a full PD.

Conclusions:

In clinical settings, a considerable proportion of adolescents with psychopathology meet features for PD, although few of them have a confirmed clinical diagnosis. Considerations about impact of the stigma are discussed.
559 – Study of Relationship between Stress Level and Application of Defensive Mechanisms in Female High School Students in Roshtkhar
Authors: Pourakbaran E.
Published: July 2013

Defined as following: A process through which any organism responds to some

Introduction:

Everyone experiences stress during the lifetime, a process. Stress is environmental and psychologicalphenomena, that is, stressful stimulus threatening or endangering it, is called stress.

Methodology:

To select respondents, first, three schools were selected, and then some samples were selected randomly out of them. Sampling was done in three schools, out of which three classes (first, second, third) were selected; so, out of each school, 24 subjects (8 from first grade, 8 from second grade, 8 from third grade) were selected, so that, the sample, totally, consisted of 72 subjects.

Results:

The highest score is related to anxiety (X-45) and the lowest score is elated to rational justification. The highest average ( =30.2) was related to anxiety and the lowest average (( = 3) was related to esteem.

Conclusion:

To sum up, out of the all variables of defensive mechanisms only simulation, offering excuses, are related meaningfully with regression and fantasy with regression, and rational justification with certainty level 1- and the other variables of defensive mechanism are not meaningful.
570 – Cognitive Therapy in Schizophrenia: Clinical Applications in Institutionalized Patients
Authors: Jemar G.N. , Ninci R.J. , Jemar J.B.
Published: July 2013

To propose a theoretical framework, with bases and foundations, about the implementation and results of cognitive theory in Schizophrenia from observation and clinical application in a hospital inpatient neuropsychiatric.

We propose a theoretical framework, with bases, about the implementation and results of cognitive theory in Schizophrenia. Are described in patients under treatment, his condition at the beginning, during and after a while the same, assessing the progress and results. Titrate cognitive theory as a useful therapeutic alternative in this type of process, as a tool of organization of thought and behavior in individuals with these disorders.

Schizophrenia is a set of mental disorders that are characterized by the loss of continuity of partnerships, of affection, attention and will, ambivalence and autism. Cognitive theory explains the emotional and behavioral responses as a result of the thoughts, beliefs and interpretations. This model is approached as an inpatient in a Hospital Neuropsychiatric Monovalent, considering all the factors that influence their development (environment, concomitant treatments, possibilities of social inclusion).Some patients improve much of his ability, interpersonal, and manage to keep certain work activities. During the course of the observation, in more than an acute symptomatic, get calm your anxiety and adapt their behavior to their beliefs and understanding sensoperceptive sonproducto manifestations of sensory perception disorders, and may question their perception about distorting reality.

Conclusions:

Cognitive theory is a model applicable to schizophrenia, in some of its symptoms and stages, since it achieves a better understanding and organization of thoughts and belief system.
571 – Gender and Workplace Difference in Coping Strategies among Iranian Nurses
Authors: Golestan Gahromi F. , Sayehmiri K. , Peyman H.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Assessing coping strategies of nurses had an important role in determination of needed and solving the problems of nurses and clients.

Objectives:

To evaluate difference coping strategies according to gender and workplace in nurses.

Aims:

The current study aimed to determine the effective factors on coping strategies among Iranian nurses in 2011.

Methods:

In a descriptive-analytic study, 158 nurses with category sampling were assessed. The instrument for collecting data was a Lazarus and Folkman coping strategies standard questionnaire. All data were analyzed with SPSS software version 20 and using Nonparametric test such as Mann-whiney, Kruskal-wallis and Pearson correlation.

Results:

More than one-third of participants (41.1%) were male and 11.3% worked in Emergency Department. There was a significant association between Gender and workplace with some used coping strategies of studied nurses (P< 0.05). There was a significant correlation between some subclass of coping strategies. There were a significant relationship between Self- Controlling, Accepting Responsibility, Escape-Avoidance, Plan full Problem Solving, Positive Reappraisal and Seeking Social Support coping with workplace of nurses (p< 0.01).

Conclusions:

Gender and Workplace are the associated factors on coping strategies in Iranian nurses.
572 – The Frequency of Agoraphobia and the Comorbidity of Major Depressive Disorder in Panic Disorder
Authors: Taher D.H.
Published: July 2013

Panic disorder (PD) is a common disabling psychiatric disturbance that has a considerable impact on the quality of life. This study was done to estimate the frequency of agoraphobia and the comorbidity of major depressive disorder (MDD) in PD, with the related sex difference.

A cross sectional descriptive study, was done on patients consulted a private psychiatric clinic for features of PD, in Erbil city from August 2009 to August 2010. A convenient sample of 118 patients, 73 females and 45 males, having PD with or without agoraphobia were taken after giving their informed verbal consent. All patients were checked for the presence of MDD. The diagnoses were done clinically, and then checked according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR).

Results:

Mean age of PD with or without agoraphobia was 31.1 years. Female to male ratio was 1.6/1. Mean age at onset was 26.3 years. Mean duration of illness was 4.4 years. Patients having PD without Agoraphobia were 81.4%, while having PD with agoraphobia were 18.6% in which the males (20%) affected more than females (17.8%). The comorbidity rate of MDD (mild to severe degree) in PD was 61%, & it was higher for males (68.9%) than females (57.5%).

Conclusion:

The majority of patients with PD in our sample, they already got comorbidity with MDD, so it is important for an early detection and management of PD to reduce the complications and functional impairment.
583 – Depression in Baghdad - A Sociodemographic Study
Authors: Muslim J.K.
Published: July 2013

122 depressed patients(82 females 40 males)examined as an out patient cases were studied for various sociodemographic factors during the period from October to may2001-2002in this sample depression seems to affected the middle age females, married patients more frequently, 2/3of the sample had low literacy level this proportion not reached post primary education, most of the patients live in urban areas, about 1/2 of the females patients were house wife, majority of females patients attepted suicide by nonviolent methods(by over dose, poisoning while males by more violent methods (self injury, shooting)family environment and recent life events were found as important factor in precipitating the illness, about 1/2 of female patients experienced at least one of the vulnerable factor(4 vulnerable factors)which proved tobe of synergistic interaction when combined with provoking life events, study shows less significant of vulnerable factors in male patients.
597 – Prevalence of ADHD and ODD: A National Survey in Thailand 2012
Authors: Visanuyothin T. , Wachiradilok P. , Pavasuthiapaisit C.
Published: July 2013

Objectives:

To obtain the estimates of the national prevalence of ADHD and ODD of Thai children.

Methods:

The study was used three-stage stratified sampling to represent most population of each level. 7,118 Thai students graded 1-5 in primary school were recruited in the study and were screened by the SNAP-IV Thai version with the sensitivity 82%. The subjects, whose scores were positive for any subtypes of ADHD or ODD, were interviewed by child and adolescent psychiatrists using DSM-IV criteria. The percentage and 95% Confidence Intervals were used to represent the results.

Results:

521 subjects and 200 subjects were diagnosed ADHD and ODD, making a national prevalence of Thai students equals 8.1% (95%CI=7.5-8.7). The prevalencein boy 12% (95%CI=10.9-13.0) was substantially higher than girl 4.2% (95%CI=3.6-4.9), the ratio was 3:1. Considering the difference in regions were found southern region was highest at 11.7% (95%CI=10.0-13.4) and northern region was lowest prevalence equals 5.1% (95%CI=4.0-6.2). The prevalence of ADHD with comorbidity of ODD was 2.1% (95%CI=0.8-2.4). Prevalence of ODD was 3.1% (95%CI=2.7-3.5), which was found highest 5.5% (95%CI=3.7-7.2) in Bangkok.

Conclusion:

ADHD prevalence in Thailand is higher, thus an early intervention to prevent the mental health problems and loss of quality population is needed. The health services and education system require changes in attitudes and development of resources. All who care for children including families, schools, communities, health care agencies, the government, and children themselves are required to participate and develop the solution and programs in community.
606 – Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Suicide Attempts in Emergency Hospital
Authors: Pashkovskiy V.E. , Prokopovich G.A. , Sofronov A.G. , Egorov A.Y.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Suicidal rating Russia is one of the highest in the world. Only few publications are devoted to psychopathological characteristics of suicide subjects in emergency hospital.

Objectives:

Clinical characteristics of emergency hospital patients with suicide attempts were studied.

Methods:

Interview together with specially elaborated formalized card were used. Patients were diagnosed up to ICD-10 criteria. 970 patients (320 male, 650 female; mean age - 40±16) hospitalized to I.I. Dzhanelidze Institute of Emergency Medical Care (St. Petersburg) in 2011 due to the suicide attempt were investigated.

Results:

The majority of patients were diagnosed as anxiety disorders (35,5%) and substance use disorders (SUD) (30,8%). Affective disorders (F30-F39) were diagnosed in 90 (9,3%), and schizophrenia in 4,1% cases. Self-poisoning was found the absolutely preponderant (87,1%) suicide mode. Chemical substances were used in 3,7%, psychoactive drugs in 2,1%, other medical products in 81,3%. Blood alcohol level higher than 1 ‰ was found in 45,2% patients. Suicidal patients have demonstrated low psychosocial level. Fulltime employment and permanent income was only in 20,8%. The first hospital care was carried out by resuscitators, surgeons, toxicologists, etc. After their recommendations patients were consulted by psychiatrist or psychotherapist.

Outcomes:

70,2% were discharged, in 13,6% out-patient psychiatrist supervision was recommended, 10,4% were transferred to psychiatric hospital, 5,8% died.

Conclusions:

The majority of suicidal patients in emergency hospital have anxiety disorders or SUD and used self-poisoning mode. Alcohol as a provoking factor was found in nearly half of subjects.
611 – An Open-label,prospective Study to Evaluate Social Function and Overall Improvement from Paliperidone ER in Thai Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Charnsil C. , Vongpanich S.
Published: July 2013

Objectives:

- To evaluate social function and overall improvement of paliperidone ER treatment in Thai schizophrenia patient.

- To collect the safety data of Paliperidone ER.

Methods:

Patients were at least 18 years old and had been diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM-IV criteria. Patients were unsatisfied with previous treatment and had been previously or currently on oral atypical antipsychotics. Eligible patients were initiated on a dose of paliperidone ER (3, 6, 9, 12 mg/day) based on tolerability of previous medication. Flexible maintenance dosing during the 10 week study duration was allowed for all participants based on individual tolerability. The primary outcome is social function, determined by Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP). Patients were also rated for overall severity of illness using Clinical and Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) scale.

Results:

In total, 40 patients were enrolled. The statistical significant improvements from baseline in PSP total score were observed at all time points. An improvement of greater than or equal to 1 category (classified as a10-point interval) on PSP scale is considered as clinical relevant response. Improvement in CGI-S were observed at endpoint (p< 0.001). The mean reduction ± SD at endpoint was for 0.8 ± 1.04 (95% CI 0.48-1.16). The most commonly reported adverse events (3 5% of patients) were daytime drowsiness (15%) and headache (15%). Three subjects (7.5%) discontinued due to adverse events.

Conclusion:

This study suggests that paliperidone ER is well tolerated in schizophrenic patient. Paliperidone ER showed improvement in schizophrenic symptom control and social functioning.
612 – Audit of Referrals to the Tertiary Affective Disorders Service in Newcastle
Authors: Adekunte O. , McAllister-Williams H.R.
Published: July 2013

NHS Specialist Services are commissioned by Regional Specialist Commissioners in accordance with the Specialised Services National Definitions Set (SSNDS). This sets out general and specific criteria defining the nature of patients who are viewed as appropriate for referral.

The Regional Affective Disorder Service (RADS) in Newcastle is commissioned under such arrangements - SSNDS definition 22 (Mental Health), section 6 (complex and/or treatment refractory disorders). The aim of this audit is to assess the appropriateness of referrals to RADS based on SSNDS criteria. http://www.specialisedservices.nhs.uk/info/nhs-specialisedservices.

This is a retrospective study: The referral and initial assessment letters of patients referred into RADS between January 2011and July 2011 were reviewed and scored against the criteria. We collected data on whether patients definitely, partially or didn’t meet the criteria. We also collected data on whether patients were referred from primary or secondary care and if they were a health care professional.

67 referrals were audited. 25% definitely met criteria (15 of them with bipolar disorder), 18% partially met criteria (11 unipolar) and 57% did not meet criteria. The reason for only partially meeting criteria was due commonly to meeting the pharmacological, but not psychotherapy criteria or not meeting the pharmacological criteria in details. Of those not meeting criteria, 8 were health care professionals being seen out of area, 2 from GPs for diagnosis clarification, 6 have a non-affective disorder diagnosis and 17 meet the general criteria but it was less clear that they met specific criteria. 5 did not meet either general or specific criteria.
627 – Mental Health Workers Play Different Roles in Mental Health Service
Authors: Saeterstrand T. , Holm S.
Published: July 2013

Mental health workers play different roles in the District Mental Health Service, and they differs in professional education skills. Taking care of psychotic patients also include to administrate and observed the medication in practice, but there are different experiences in this area.

Objectives:

To gain knowledge about the practice in the District Mental Health Service according to medication trends.

Aims:

To gain knowledge and information about the daily practice.

Methods:

This pilot study was done in 2011. Focusgroup interviews where the informants was leaders and professional workers in two different municipalities in Nortern Norway in 2011. Literature rewievs was also done. Next step is quantitative methods based on the results in the pilot study.

Results:

The results show that the District Mental Health Service practice differed in organization of the service. The one who has the responsibility of medication for the patients in daily settings differed. The most educated persons in the mental health team took care of the treatment only in communication with the psychotic persons, while the lowest educated personal in the home care settings administrated to give patients medicine. Some of the workers in the home care settings had only a 10 hours medical course. They were afraid of the patients who could be aggressive and denied to take medication.

Conclusions:

The organization of the medication responsibility need to be focused more upon because of the need of good observation of the effects on the patients.
628 – Sexually Intrusive Behavior among Alleged CSA Male Victims: A Prospective Study
Authors: Hershkowitz I.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) is one widely cited risk factor for sexually intrusive behavior (SIB) among boys.

Objectives:

To identify risk factors for SIB among CSA male victims, the current study involved a prospective examination of all investigations of male CSA victims and those of children suspected of committing SIB's on other children in Israel over a ten-year period.

Methods:

National data files of male victims and those of male suspects investigations, aged 14 or under were electronically merged, allowing the identification of alleged victims who later appeared as suspects of SIB. A comparison group consisted of alleged male victims who were investigated during the first year of the study period (1998) and had no recorded suspicions of SIB by the end of December 2007, allowing a follow up of up to 10 years.

Results:

157 (2%) of the alleged victims appeared later in the records as child suspects of SIB. Comparing victims with and without SIB revealed differences on personal and family factors as well as on the experience of abuse. A regression model controlling for age and family predictors correctly classified over three-quarters of the subjects based on reported experiences of abuse.

Conclusions:

The data help predict which of the victims are likely to involve in SIB. The predictive model has implications for the identification of high-risk sexual abuse victims and for the prevention of SIB by children.