bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of Temporary Crating of Farrowing and Lactating Sows
Authors: Goumon Sébastien , Illmann Gudrun , Moustsen Vivi A. , Baxter Emma M. , Edwards Sandra A.
Published: March 2022

Temporary crating (TC) provides lactating sows with the opportunity to move more freely after crate opening a few days after parturition. The aim of this paper was to evaluate whether TC gives overall welfare improvement when compared to permanent crating or free farrowing. This review shows that when pens with TC allow the sows to turn during the majority of time in the farrowing unit, it is the pen design and period of confinement in a crate within it that influence the extent to which different functional and motivated behaviors can be fulfilled. This review also indicates that there are at least short-term benefits to sows when confinement is reduced, as shown by reported increases in motivated behaviors such as exploration and interactions with piglets when not permanently crated. It remains unclear whether there are any longer-term beneficial effects (until or beyond weaning) due to the paucity of studies. Furthermore, it is uncertain whether the observed short-term benefits translate to other welfare indicators. Research findings indicate no reduction in the frequency of stereotypies or body lesions and do not provide a clear answer regarding sow stress response when released from confinement. Compared to free farrowing, TC appears beneficial for reducing piglet mortality. The impact of the time of onset of TC on the farrowing process and piglet mortality have been inconsistent. While confinement before farrowing prevents nest building behavior, consequences of this for sow physiology have been ambiguous. Confining the sow briefly after farrowing may be the best compromise, allowing the sow to perform motivated nest-building behavior, but the risks of crushing during the unconfined farrowing period may increase. Subsequent crate reopening seems to increase piglet mortality but only if done earlier than 3–5 days after farrowing. The review also provides methodological considerations, a proposal for consistent and accurate terminology when describing systems and highlights gaps of knowledge. In conclusion, TC is a step forward to better pig welfare compared to the farrowing crate, as it allows some freedom of movement for sows without impairing piglet welfare. However, more comprehensive research is needed to draw sound conclusions as to whether TC is a viable transition from permanent crating to free farrowing.
Effect of Applied Electrical Stimuli to Interdigitated Electrode Sensors While Detecting 17α-Ethinylestradiol in Water Samples
Authors: Zagalo Paulo M. , Ribeiro Paulo A. , Raposo Maria
Published: March 2022

The effect of impedance measurements of applied voltage on the detection of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in water samples using interdigitated electrodes (IDE) coated or not with thin films, is described. Firstly, the effect of immersion in EE2 aqueous solutions of layer-by-layer films prepared with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), graphene oxide (GO), poly(1-(4-(3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenylazo) benzene sulfonamido) 1,2 ethanediyl, sodium salt) (PAZO), polyethylenimine (PEI) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) was analyzed. These results demonstrated that PAH/GO films desorb during the immersion on EE2 solutions, while EE2 adsorbs on PAH/PAZO and PEI/PSS films with characteristic time values of 16.7 and 7.1 min, respectively, demonstrating that both films are adequate for the development of EE2 sensors. However, as the adsorption characteristic time is shorter, and the EE2 adsorbed amount is smaller, the PEI/PSS films are more suitable for the development of sensors. The effect of the applied voltage was analyzed using both IDEs covered with PEI/PSS films as well as those uncoated. The capacitance spectra are best fitted to analyze this effect, and the loss tangent spectra are advantageous to analyze the aqueous media. Furthermore, it was concluded that lower voltage values are best suited to perform measurements of this nature, given that higher voltages lead to less reliable results and cause irreparable damage to the sensors.
Performance Enhancement of APW+lo Calculations by Simplest Separation of Concerns
Authors: Zhang Long , Kozhevnikov Anton , Schulthess Thomas , Cheng Hai-Ping , Trickey Samuel B.
Published: March 2022

Full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (LAPW) and APW plus local orbital (APW+lo) codes differ widely in both their user interfaces and in capabilities for calculations and analysis beyond their common central task of all-electron solution of the Kohn–Sham equations. However, that common central task opens a possible route to performance enhancement, namely to offload the basic LAPW/APW+lo algorithms to a library optimized purely for that purpose. To explore that opportunity, we have interfaced the Exciting-Plus (“EP”) LAPW/APW+lo DFT code with the highly optimized SIRIUS multi-functional DFT package. This simplest realization of the separation of concerns approach yields substantial performance over the base EP code via additional task parallelism without significant change in the EP source code or user interface. We provide benchmarks of the interfaced code against the original EP using small bulk systems, and demonstrate performance on a spin-crossover molecule and magnetic molecule that are of size and complexity at the margins of the capability of the EP code itself.
Correction: Halun et al. Investigation of Ring and Star Polymers in Confined Geometries: Theory and Simulations. Entropy 2021, 23, 242
Authors: Halun Joanna , Karbowniczek Pawel , Kuterba Piotr , Danel Zoriana
Published: March 2022

The authors wish to make the following correction to this paper [...]
Modelling of the Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation for a Pine Sawdust Biorefinery
Authors: Mendieta Carolina Mónica , Kruyeniski Julia , Felissia Fernando Esteban , Area María Cristina
Published: March 2022

The decline in world oil reserves evidences the need to diversify the sources of equivalent raw materials. The use of biomass is one of the most explored alternatives. This work evaluates the second-generation bioethanol (2G) production from a pine sawdust soda- ethanol pulp by simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation (SSF) to obtain the best conditions for scaling up the process. Experimental designs have been used to find mathematical models that define the complex situation jointly varying time with other variables (enzyme load and temperature). Time periods in the full model varied from 0 h to 72 h. Given the results (curve shape differences), it was decided to split the design in two, covering periods from 0 h to 24 h (Model I) and from 24 to 72 h (Model II). The pulp chemical composition was 80.2% glucans, 7.2% xylans, 0.3% galactans, 8.4% mannans, 3.7% lignin. Cellic® Ctec2 cellulolytic enzymes were used for saccharification and Saccharomyces cerevisiae IMR 1181 (SC 1181) yeast for fermentation. The best conditions found in the two designs were 30 FPU g−1 glucans, 39 °C, 24 h for Model I, and 30 FPU g−1 glucans, 35 °C, 72 h for Model II. Fermentation optimal values were 63.23 and 81.93 for Models I and II, respectively.
A Multi-Node Lumped Parameter Model Including Gravity and Real Gas Effects for Steady and Transient Analysis of Heat Pipes
Authors: Caruana Roberta , Gallazzi Luciano , Iazurlo Romano , Marcovati Maurizio , Guilizzoni Manfredo
Published: March 2022

This work presents a multi-node lumped parameter model able to predict the steady and transient behavior of capillary heat pipes, taking into account the effects of gravity (orientation angle) and the real gas effects in the vapor modeling. The model was validated against experimental results acquired by Leonardo S.p.A., which were obtained by simulating the behavior of a heat pipe embedded in a chassis cover, subject to seven cycles of transient thermal loading. After the validation, the analysis is focused on the model accuracy when using the ideal and real gas assumptions, using different working fluids (water, ammonia, acetone, HFC134a). The results showed that when using water or ammonia as working fluid, the error in modeling the vapor as an ideal instead of as real gas is negligible, both for the vapor temperatures and pressures predictions. On the contrary, when using acetone or HFC134a as working fluid, modeling the vapor as a real gas leads to a significant increase in the accuracy of the vapor pressure predictions.
Mechanisms of Social Interaction and Virtual Connections as Strong Predictors of Wellbeing of Older Adults
Authors: Sen Keya , Prybutok Victor , Prybutok Gayle , Senn William
Published: March 2022

Socially engaged older adults are less likely to decline in health and happiness and have a higher quality of life. Building upon this premise, examination was conducted on the domains of social determinants of health, specifically the social and community context per Healthy People 2030 objectives. These mechanisms of social interaction, in the form of group activities, community engagement, and virtual interactions via email or text message, were assessed using hierarchical regression analysis to find out their association with wellbeing, depression symptoms, and cognition of older adults. The data included a total of 4623 sample of older adults from the National Health and Aging Trend Study (NHATS) Round 8. The results showed that social support explained a 40.3% unique variance on wellbeing. The use of text message and email had a moderating effect on community engagement and self-reported depression level in older adults. Findings suggest that community programs, shared group activities, or technology training workshops can improve social interaction and support cognition and reduce depression in older adults. Directions for future research include examining human behaviors and perceptions and increasing technology training sessions to promote independence of older adults and increase their social connections. In addition, participant involvement in interventions would enhance the possibility of success of such endeavors.
Healthcare Management: A Bibliometric Analysis Based on the Citations of Research Articles Published between 1967 and 2020
Authors: Păduraru Oana , Moroșanu Alina , Păduraru Călin Ștefan , Cărăușu Elena Mihaela
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyse the trends manifested in research literature from the field of healthcare management, with emphasis on bibliometric features and different influencing factors. For this, a search was conducted of nine academic databases between January and May 2021. Article features were registered in our database after first applying the validation criteria used for their inclusion. Then, data regarding the publication of the included articles were collected. The analysis focused on trends over time, topic, and journals in which they were published. Moreover, the effect of some factors on the citation of articles was analysed. Our results showed that the 250 analysed articles were published in 139 journals, and many of were by researchers affiliated with universities in the United States. Over time, the publication of analysed articles and their number of citations registered a continuous increase. The most common topics of focus were healthcare management systems and their challenges. In our study, we identified factors that significantly affect citation number, such as number of years since publication, the number of words in the title, and the number of authors of an article. In addition, major gaps were identified, as were new unresolved challenges that can trigger new research ideas.
Pre-Operative Factors Associated with the Occurrence of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Aged 65 Years and Over Undergoing Non-Ambulatory Non-Cardiac Surgery
Authors: De Guglielmo Wendy , Rebibou Jean Michel , Aho Serge , Rogier Thomas , Nuemi Gilles , Girard Claude , Steinmetz Eric , Legendre Mathieu
Published: March 2022

This study sought to identify risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) from pre-operative variables in a population of subjects aged over 65. Eligible patients were aged 65 years or over who underwent scheduled non-cardiac, non-ambulatory surgery. Patients with a diagnosis of AKI recorded in the hospital’s databases were considered since cases, from which 300 patients with no diagnosis of AKI, were drawn at random as controls. In total, 81 cases of post-operative AKI and 239 controls were identified. The incidence of post-operative AKI was 2.87%. Pre-operative creatinine level (p = 0.0001), a history of respiratory insufficiency (p = 0.04), prior vascular surgery (p = 0.0001) and abdominal surgery (p = 0.03) were associated with an increased risk of AKI after surgery. These four variables calculated a score and developed a nomogram for predicting occurrence of post-operative AKI. A history of renal disease was associated with increased risk of post-operative AKI, predominantly in cases of vascular or abdominal surgery.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Multicomponent Sleep-Promoting Interventions on the Sleep Quality of Menopausal Women: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Lin Mei-Hsiang , Hsiao Ping-Ru , Hsu Hsiu-Chin
Published: March 2022

Sleep disturbance is considered one of the hallmarks of the common symptoms experienced by women during and after menopause. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two different multiple-component, sleep-promoting interventions on the sleep quality of menopausal women. A quasi-experimental study and repeated measured design, with a four-week sleep-promoting intervention, was conducted. A total of 123 eligible participants were recruited from a health center in northern Taiwan and divided into the progressive muscle relaxation plus sleep hygiene (PMRS), the meditative movement relaxation plus sleep hygiene (MMRS), or control group at a 1:1:1 ratio. The Chinese version of Pittsburgh sleep quality index and actigraphy were used to assess the sleep disturbances of menopausal women. The subjective sleep data was collected before, immediately after the intervention, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks after the intervention. The results showed that the global score of subjective sleep quality and its components were significantly improved after both interventions. Additionally, the MMRS was superior to the PMRS for subjective sleep quality. Moreover, the objective sleep indices indicated that sleep latency was reduced after both the interventions. These findings can serve as a reference for nurses when caring for menopausal women with sleep disturbance.
Protein Extract of Tobacco Expressing Solanum torvum PP5-Encoding Gene Inhibits Verticillium dahliae Proliferation
Authors: Chen Min , Xie Chao , Yang Qing , Zhu Wenjiao , Wang Man
Published: March 2022

Verticillium wilt, a soilborne disease caused by Verticillium dahliae (V. dahliae), can severely affect the yields of Solanaceae crops. In a previous study, it was observed in Solanum torvum (S. torvum) that protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) was induced by V. dahliae infection. To elucidate the function of PP5 more clearly, this study cloned an StPP5 cDNA from S. torvum by PCR. The cDNA contained an ORF of 1458 bp long encoding a putative protein of 485 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 54.63 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.66. StPP5 protein contained a conserved PP domain and showed high similarity to other homologous members of the PP5 family from various plant species. The expression of StPP5 gene was upregulated after V. infection and reached its maximum value at 24 h in leaves. In order to clarify the role of StPP5, four transgenic tobacco plants expressing StPP5 were generated through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and identified by PCR. In vitro culture assay showed that the growth of V. dahliae in PDA medium containing proteins extracted from the leaves of transgenic tobacco line P6 was inhibited, whose inhibition rate was 55.1%, higher than the non-transgenic control. These results indicated that StPP5 might be involved in plant defense against V. dahliae infection.
Application of Forward Error Correction (FEC) Codes in Wireless Acoustic Emission Structural Health Monitoring on Railway Infrastructures
Authors: Spyrou Evangelos D. , Kappatos Vassilios
Published: March 2022

Structural health monitoring (SHM) has been extensively used in the railway industry, with applications ranging from railway infrastructures to carbody shells. An SHM method that dominates monitoring procedures is Acoustic Emissions (AE). The utilisation of the AE method could use a significantly large amount of data, collected and forwarded to terminal computers using wireless communications. Nowadays, the use of 5G is taking over traditional wireless such as Wi-Fi and 4G telecommunications. However, errors in the transmission due to noisy channels may be experienced. The SHM system may result in the wrong detection of a potential defect in a railway infrastructure with dangerous consequences, such as derailment. Hence, methods for adequately dealing with these errors need to be established, such as Forward Error Correction (FEC) codes. In this paper, we suggest the use of the wireless FEC codes applied to a number of deployed AE devices, in order to perform correction at the transmissions. We investigate the new POLAR codes and compare this method with the Reed-Solomon (RS) codes. We present simulations that the POLAR codes are more efficient with trials using the AFF3CT simulator.
Distribution Analysis of Local Ice Pressures in the Indentation Test at Various Velocities
Authors: Wang Guojun , Yue Qianjin , Zhang Dayong , Fu Yanghua , Peng Xin , Dong Rui
Published: March 2022

When sea ice acts on vertical structures, there are much higher pressures in localized areas known as high-pressure zones (HPZs) than in other areas. The damage failure mode of sea ice varies with the sea ice velocity and affects the distribution of HPZs. In this study, an indentation test that drives ice sheet interaction with a vertical rigid plate (indentor) was designed, and a pressure sensor (consisting of 32 × 32 small pressure units of 100 mm2) was installed on the indentor face to measure the local ice pressure (LIP) at various velocities. The distribution of the LIPs along the ice thickness, the probability distribution of the LIPs and the distribution relationship of the LIPS in space and time were obtained from the measurement. The results show that the LIPs were mainly distributed in the middle of the sea ice, which is consistent with full-scale observations and previous research. Ductile failure of the sea ice results in a larger LIP distribution area than brittle failure at the same threshold kt (kt = σL/σcr). The probability distribution of the LIPs decreases exponentially with increasing pressure and follows a lognormal distribution. The maximum LIP appears at the peak moment of the global force when the sea ice failure mode is mainly ductile failure. However, the maximum LIP may not occur at the peak moment when the sea ice failure is mainly brittle failure and, instead can appear at any moment in the global force time history curve. The HPZ (which is larger than 7/8 times the maximum LIP) area is less than 2% of the nominal contact area at various velocities. The influence of the sea ice velocity on the spatial and temporal distribution of LIP is analyzed, and the results provide a reference for designing structures with local strength in ice regions.
Incidence of Candidemia Is Higher in COVID-19 versus Non-COVID-19 Patients, but Not Driven by Intrahospital Transmission
Authors: Machado Marina , Estévez Agustín , Sánchez-Carrillo Carlos , Guinea Jesús , Escribano Pilar , Alonso Roberto , Valerio Maricela , Padilla Belén , Bouza Emilio , Muñoz Patricia
Published: March 2022

There is scarce information on the actual incidence of candidemia in COVID-19 patients. In addition, comparative studies of candidemia episodes in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients are heterogeneous. Here, we assessed the real incidence, epidemiology, and etiology of candidemia in COVID-19 patients, and compared them with those without COVID-19 (2020 vs. 2019 and 2020, respectively). We also genotyped all C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis isolates (n = 88), causing candidemia in both groups, providing for the first time a genotypic characterization of isolates gathered in patients with either COVID-19 or non-COVID-19. Incidence of candidemia was higher in patients with COVID-19 than non-COVID-19 (4.73 vs. 0.85 per 1000 admissions; 3.22 vs. 1.14 per 10,000 days of stay). No substantial intergroup differences were found, including mortality. Genotyping proved the presence of a low number of patients involved in clusters, allowing us to rule out rampant patient-to-patient Candida transmission. The four patients, involved in two clusters, had catheter-related candidemia diagnosed in the first COVID-19 wave, which demonstrates breaches in catheter management policies occurring in such an overwhelming situation. In conclusion, the incidence of candidemia in patients with COVID-19 is significantly higher than in those without COVID-19. However, genotyping shows that this increase is not due to uncontrolled intrahospital transmission.
Predictive Control of Multi-Phase Motor for Constant Torque Applications
Authors: Arahal Manuel R. , Barrero Federico , Satué Manuel G. , Ramírez Daniel R.
Published: March 2022

Constant torque motors are needed for rotary screw compressors that are used for cooling and other applications. In such systems, the torque demanded by the load is approximately the same over the whole range of mechanical speeds. In this paper, the use of multi-phase induction machines is investigated for this type of application. The requirement of low stator current distortion is considered. A scheduled approach is used to provide the best possible tuning for each operating point, similar to the concept of gain scheduling control. Simulations and laboratory tests are used to assess the proposal and compare it with finite-state predictive control. The experiments show that a trade-off situation appears between the ripple content in stator currents in the torque-producing and harmonic planes. As a consequence, the controller tuning appears as an important step. The proposed method considers various figures of merit with cost function tuning, resulting in a scheduled scheme that provides improved results. It is shown that the approach leads to a reduction in current ripple, which is advantageous for this particular application.
Accurate Analytical Model and Evaluation of Wi-Fi Halow Based IoT Networks under a Rayleigh-Fading Channel with Capture
Authors: Taramit Hamid , Camacho-Escoto José Jaime , Gomez Javier , Orozco-Barbosa Luis , Haqiq Abdelkrim
Published: March 2022

The IEEE 802.11ah standard, marketed as Wi-Fi Halow, introduces a new channel access mechanism called the Restricted Access Window (RAW), aiming to provide connectivity for the Internet of Things (IoT) applications over broad areas. RAW aspires to alleviate the contention by splitting the channel access into periods and allocating each period to a given group of stations. This paper develops an analytical framework based on Probability and Renewal theories for modeling and evaluating an IEEE 802.11ah-based network implementing the RAW mechanism. We consider a Rayleigh-fading channel with the presence of the capture effect: a realistic scenario for IoT networks deployed in dense urban environments. Considering a single-hop scenario of stations randomly distributed around an Access Point (AP) and the power attenuation of transmitted packets, we model the channel access under capture awareness. As the RAW mechanism presents a time-limited contention for channel access, we develop a counting process that tracks transmissions up to the end of the contention time interval. Henceforth, we evaluate the network performance in terms of throughput. We meticulously validate the derived analytical results through extensive campaigns of discrete-event simulations. Our study evaluates the impact of different parameters on the overall performance, including the contention time, the number of stations, the number of groups, and the capture threshold. We henceforth study the impact of the capture effect on enhancing the network performance under the grouping feature introduced by the RAW mechanism. This work contributes to developing an analytical modeling framework to evaluate the performance of time-limited random access mechanisms accurately and can be an excellent basis for proposing practical scheduling algorithms to configure the RAW mechanism under non-ideal channel conditions.
Exploring the Role of International Research Collaboration in Building China’s World-Class Universities
Authors: Zhang Duanhong , Ding Wenjia , Wang Yang , Liu Siwen
Published: March 2022

This study explored the international research collaboration led by China’s world-class universities and its impact during the first construction cycle of the “Double First-Class” initiative (2016–2020). We collected international collaborative publications based on the Scopus database and examined the performance of international research collaboration in terms of quantity, impact, collaborative networks, and subject areas using scientometric indicators and social network analysis. We found that international collaboration accounts for only a quarter of the total output but is far above the overall level of scientific papers in terms of quality and impact. The United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Hong Kong remain China’s closest partners. Meanwhile, ties with Belt and Road partner countries have become stronger with the introduction of foreign policy. China’s medicine and multidisciplinary research have gained prominence in the context of the global health crisis. Thus, international research collaboration effectively improves research performance, deepens academic networks, and disseminates local issues and solutions to the world, thereby enabling China’s world-class universities to reconcile global engagement with Chinese characteristics.
METHODS OF EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDIES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAMES OF MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS UNDER SPECIAL INFLUENCES
Authors:   Research Institute of Construction Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences, KOLCHUNOV V.I. ,   Moscow State University of Civil Enginieerig,   South-West State University, BUSHOVA O.B. ,   Moscow State University of Civil Enginieerig, KORENKOV P.A. ,   Research Institute of Construction Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences; V.I. Vernadsky Сrimean Federal University
Published: March 2022

The method of experimental and numerical studies of reinforced concrete frame structures with crossbars reinforced with inclined rods under special influences is given. The main objective of these studies was to determine the nature of deformation, cracking and destruction of such structures under special impact caused by the sudden removal of one of the structures and, as a consequence, the redistribution of force flows in them. To increase the survivability and protection of the studied structural system from progressive collapse, with a quantitative and qualitative change in the forces in its elements, it is proposed to install transverse reinforcement from inclined reinforcing rods in two mutually perpendicular directions on the supporting sections of the frame system crossbars. The parameters of such reinforcement and the parameters embedded in the design model of the frame structure under consideration for static loading at the first stage and dynamic loading at the second stage are determined by numerical modeling using the Ansys software package. On this basis, the justification of the adopted design decisions of frame structures for the development of a program for conducting experimental studies of such structures under special influences was carried out.
BEARING CAPACITY AND DURABILITY OF EXTERNAL BRICK WALLS OF BUILDINGS
Authors:   National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, MALAKHOVA A.N.
Published: March 2022

For buildings of historical development of cities, as well as architectural dominants of urban and rural settlements, the architectural attractiveness of buildings is often created by erecting external load-bearing brick walls, including multilayer ones, as well as curtain external walls with a finishing layer of facing bricks. When designing building envelopes, as well as in the process of researching and assessing the technical condition of building envelopes, it becomes necessary to calculate (assess) the bearing capacity of external walls, to assess their durability. The object of research is the bearing capacity and durability of the outer walls of buildings. A review of domestic and foreign scientific and technical literature has been carried out. He showed that the overwhelming majority of scientific publications concern the choice of constructive solutions for walls, the purpose and use of new building technologies and materials, their technical characteristics, as well as the assessment of the energy efficiency of the proposed constructive solutions for external walls. Examples of defects in the outer layer of multilayer bearing walls of brick buildings and recommendations for ensuring the durability of the front layer of a brick wall are given. The requirements of the current building codes for calculating the bearing capacity of multilayer brick walls are considered. An example of calculating an eccentrically compressed multilayer brick wall with equivalent calculated cross-section is given. In order to simplify the calculation of the bearing capacity, it is proposed to use computer programs to determine the geometric characteristics of the equivalent calculated cross-section. In particular, for a short-term application of loads to determine the stresses and analyze the stress state of the equivalent calculated cross-section of the wall, an example of using the program, the constructor of sections PK LIRA-SAPR, is given. It is shown that it is necessary to consider the distribution of stresses over the section under short-term and long-term loading in the design of multilayer brick walls.
EVALUATION OF THE PROBABILITY OF THE FORMATION OF ULTIMATE DEFLECTIONS IN A REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM WITH CRACKS ON A STOCHASTIC BASE
Authors:   National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, DEMINOV P.D.
Published: March 2022

The results of calculating a reinforced concrete beam on an elastic statistically inhomogeneous foundation after the formation of cracks in concrete are presented. The compliance coefficients of the base are considered as random stationary functions, and the load is assumed to be a random non-stationary function of the x coordinate. Strength parameters of concrete are taken as random Gaussian values. The distribution parameters are given for both the initial bending stiffness of a reinforced concrete beam and the stiffness of the beam after cracking, as a function of the random cube strength of concrete. The parameters of the distribution densities of the deflections of the beam before the formation of cracks in it, as well as after the formation of cracks, are determined. For an approximate solution of the differential equation for the bending of a reinforced concrete beam after the formation of cracks, the variational principle of stationarity of additional energy (the Castigliano functional) is used. This makes it possible to determine the probabilistic characteristics of the distribution of the equivalent constant stiffness of the beam, the probabilistic parameters of the distribution of beam deflections after cracking, as well as the total differential law of the distribution of deflections in a beam on an elastic foundation in an arbitrary section of the beam. The probability of occurrence of the limiting state in the form of exceeding the value of the deflections of the beam, the limiting standard value of the deflections, taking into account the possible formation of cracks in the beam, has been determined.
PLOTTING A STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM FOR CONCRETE WITH INDIRECT REINFORCEMENT ACCORDING TO LIMIT STATE DESIGN
Authors:   National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, MANAENKOV I.K. , KURNAVINA S.O. ,   National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering
Published: March 2022

When constructing a stress-strain compression diagram for concrete with indirect reinforcement within the framework of the theory of limit state design, it is necessary to assign the strength values of materials with the required security. To do this, a transition is made from average strength value obtained from the results of experiments to reduced characteristic compressive strength and the design value of strength. In view of this, a contradiction arises due to the fact that initially the formulas for determining the deformations corresponding to the top of the compression diagram were obtained for experimental value of strength, and in the calculations of structures it is proposed to use reduced characteristic compressive strength and the design value of strength, which can lead to incorrect results. The article compares the calculated values of strains with experimental data and notes a significant overestimation when calculating by the characteristic compressive strength and the design value of strength.
ASSESSMENT OF THE WEIGHT OF INDICATORS OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
Authors:   State public institution of the Moscow region ", MAKAROV B.N. ,   Special center ",   Zvenigorod", TONKIKH G.P. ,   All-Russian Research Institute for Civil Defense and Emergencies; National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering
Published: March 2022

The article presents the author's approach to determining the weight of indicators of the technical condition of buildings and structures, which allows solving the problem of increasing the reliability and effectiveness of assessing their real readiness for use for their intended purpose. The implementation of this approach is based on the experience of solving practical problems in assessing the technical condition of buildings and structures, when the weight of their indicators cannot be directly measured. In this case, it is proposed to use expert ranking methods to determine it and direct evaluation. The effectiveness of their use largely depends on it depends on the competence of evaluating experts and the consistency of their opinions on the issues under study, which are established by determining the coefficients of awareness and argumentation of experts and step-by-step solution of research tasks based on the use of the rank correlation method. A distinctive aspect of the described approach to assessing the weight of indicators of the technical condition of buildings and structures is the establishment of a criterion for determining their importance for solving the tasks set, as well as uniform rules for measuring them. The proposed procedure for assessing the weight of the investigated problems has been successfully tested during the survey of protective structures of the executive authorities of the Russian Federation. It can be recommended to determine a reliable assessment of the technical condition of buildings and structures for various purposes.
RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SLABS WITH CORRODED REINFORCEMENTS
Authors:   Moscow National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, TAMRAZYAN A.G. , MATSEEVICH T.A. ,   Moscow National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering
Published: March 2022

The reliability of the design characteristics of any design is influenced by both the operating load and the wear of the material itself due to environmental influences. This article provides a probabilistic assessment of reinforced concrete elements exposed to chlorine penetration. A freely supported reinforced concrete slab was used for the study. Well-known techniques developed by many authors were included in the mathematical model of the loss of the bearing capacity of reinforcement under corrosion. Uncertainties in strength and applied load were fully accounted for using the probabilistic method. The limit state function of the bearing capacity of a reinforced concrete bending slab was developed and evaluated using the first moment’s reliability method. The whole process was implemented using the developed MATLAB program.
STRENGTH OF COMPRESSED AND NON-CENTRALLYCOMPRESSED REINFORCED CONCRETE ELEMENTS WITH ZONE REINFORCEMENT OF STEEL FIBER
Authors:   National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, UTKIN D.G.
Published: March 2022

The real nonlinear diagrams of concrete, reinforcement and steel-fiber concrete under dynamic loading are formulated and analytically described. Theoretical and experimental studies of the operation of compressed and non-centrally compressed elements with different levels of load application eccentricity under static and short-term dynamic loads are carried out. 3 reinforced concrete and 9 steel-fiber concrete elements were manufactured and tested for short-term dynamic load under central and off-center compression. New experimental data characterizing the process of deformation and destruction of steel-reinforced concrete models of columns have been obtained. Also, the schemes of destruction and cracking, the dependence of changes in the dynamic load over time, the movement of concrete, reinforcement and steel-fiber concrete over time are obtained. A method has been developed for calculating the strength and stability of such elements, taking into account the reinforcement of the section with steel fiber concrete. The influence of the use of zone reinforcement with steel fiber of compressed and non-centrally compressed reinforced concrete elements is numerically analyzed. The results of the calculation according to the developed methodology are compared with the results of experimental data. The optimal variant of the application of zone reinforcement made of steel fiber for compressed and non-centrally compressed elements operating under static and short-term dynamic loads is proposed. The analysis of the calculation results based on the developed method for calculating the strength of normal sections of non-centrally compressed reinforced concrete and steel-fiber concrete, based on the deformation model, and their comparison with the data of experimental studies under short-term dynamic loading show that the deviations are on average 10-18 %, which indicates that the developed method has sufficient accuracy to solve practical problems.
Techno-Economic Analysis of NiFe2O4 Nanoparticle Industry Using Sonochemical Synthesis Method
Authors:   Departemen Pendidikan Kimia, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia, Gabriella Rachel , Aldin Nur Zen Muhammad , Izzul Haq Fatih , Ridwan Putri Silmi , Bayu Dani Nandiyanto Asep
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this paper is to carry out an economic and industrial evaluation on an industrial scale of NiFe2O4 production using sonochemical synthesis methods. The method used is to calculate gross profit margin (GPM), payback period (PBP), cumulative net present value (CNPV), total investment cost (TIC) and profitability index (PI). NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized with the main raw materials being Fe(NO3)3.9H2O, Ni(NO3)2.6H2O, and NaOH (1:2:8). The calculation results of GPM and CNPV/TIC from the NiFe2O4 industry using the sonochemical synthesis method show the payback period (PBP) in the third year. So that in the third year onwards it can be predicted that the industry will experience profits. This research is expected to be a reference for technical and economic analysis to produce NiFe2O4 in humidity sensor applications on an industrial scale.
SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER DESIGN FOR NANO ZEOLITE PRODUCTION PROCESS
Authors:   Departemen Pendidikan Kimia, Fakultas Pendidikan Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. Jl. Dr. Setiabudi, No. 229, Kota Bandung, 40154, Indonesia, Tresna Dwi Hidayah Nedya , Bayu Dani Nandiyanto Asep
Published: March 2022

Heat exchangers are often found in the chemical process industry, but of all types of heat exchangers, the Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger (STHE) is the most commonly used. The design of heat exchangers has also been done a lot because it can reduce production costs. Therefore, this study purpose to design a tube and shell type heat exchanger for applications in producing nano zeolite. The TEMA standard is used as a reference for data collection regarding equipment specifications and dimensions. The parameters are calculated using basic Microsoft Office applications. Shell and Tube type heat exchanger (one pass) with 43 pcs of tubes has been successfully designed. The effectiveness of the heat exchanger reaches 80.02% so it is hoped that this research can be used as a reference in designing a heat exchanger with a better design.
As Encruzilhadas do Saber Moribundo: periphosophos pivetis
Authors: Torres Fabiano Ramos
Published: March 2022

Começamos, então, a olhar para a crosta da cidade e imaginar os prédios, as casas, as construções, as estruturas interrompidas, tudo, como cracas enquistadas nos morros. E quando nos demos conta, já estávamos pensando – sem ter a mínima noção de quando, exatamente, havíamos começado a mexer com esse negócio de filosofia. Quando começamos nos demos conta de que só havia meio, nem começo e nem fim, como se fosse uma catástrofe, ruínas de uma escola em construção... quando a gente se deu conta do pensar, a hecatombe já tinha acontecido, as ilusões já haviam naufragado...
Oedipe et le climat
Authors: Bourg Dominique
Published: March 2022

Ce texte dresse un état des lieux succinct de la situation écologique qui nous échoit. L''apathie, si ce n'est diverses formes de déni, qu''elle suscite, en dépit de la solidité scientifique du constat sous-jacent, ne laisse pas d''étonner et n'est pas sans rappeler l''aveuglement du héros tragique. Quelques raisons possibles à cet état de choses sont évoquées.
Psychiatric Issues of Manipulation in Fraud
Authors: Кришевич О.В. , Савченко А.В. , Воробей П.А.
Published: March 2022

В статье освещается круг проблемных вопросов психиатрического понимания манипуляции при мошенничестве. Представлены результаты обобщения исследований по вопросам относительно психического влияния, обмана и злоупотребления доверием в контексте манипуляции при совершении мошенничества. Рассмотрены причины манипуляций, механизмы, методы и приемы осуществления манипулирования, структура мошеннических операций. Очерчен понятийный аппарат, который характеризует мошенничество как психическую деятельность. В конечном счете это позволило уточнить определение понятий «манипуляция» и«мошенничество».

The article covers a range of problematic issues of the psychiatric understanding of manipulation in fraud. The results of the synthesis of research on the issues regarding mental influence, deception, and breach of trust in the context of manipulation in fraud are presented. The reasons for manipulations, mechanisms, methods, and techniques of implementation of manipulation, the structure of fraudulent transactions are considered. The conceptual apparatus, which characterizes fraud as a mental activity is outlined. Ultimately, this let to clarify the definition of the concepts of "manipulation" and "fraud".
The Concept of Negative Symptoms of Mental Disorders: Time to Recharge
Authors: Скугаревский О.А.
Published: March 2022

Приводится изменчивость взглядов на концепцию негативных симптомов психических расстройств в историческом контексте. Изложены рекомендации по их современной клинической оценке. В рамках вопросов терапии негативных симптомов показана новизна использования современных препаратов из группы парциальных агонистов дофаминовых рецепторов на примере карипразина.

Here we provide variability of views on the concept of negative symptoms of mental disorders in the historical context. We give recommendations for their modern clinical assessment and discuss the novelty of using modern drugs from the group of partial dopamine receptors agonists on the example of cariprazine.
Unión General de Trabajadores de Navarra. Los primeros pasos de un sindicato nuevo (1974-1978)
Authors: Bueno Urritzelki Mikel
Published: March 2022

El presente artículo muestra los inicios de la UGT de Navarra desde su constitución en 1974. Un sindicato que no tuvo gran presencia en el movimiento obrero navarro hasta mediados de 1977 pero que, sin embargo, tuvo grandes debates políticos e ideológicos internos, sobre todo tras la entrada de militantes procedentes de la Liga Comunista (LC). En la UGT de Navarra se pudieron distinguir dos grandes bloques: uno homogéneo formado por personas vinculadas a la dirección provincial del PSOE en Navarra; otro heterogéneo formado por la militancia procedente de LC, personas expulsadas del PSOE y miembros críticos a la dirección provincial del partido.
Resiliente Radio
Authors: Sandoval Rosario
Published: March 2022

En este libro se abordan y analizan los contenidos, géneros, formatos y modos de producción radiofónica que, aún sobreviven desde su primera transmisión el 27 de agosto de 1920 hasta la actualidad.
La crisis de la pandemia y su impacto en las finanzas personales
Authors: Huerta Ricardo , Supo Glorinda , Lupaca Vanessa , Lupaca Yasmany
Published: March 2022

To describe the impact of the pandemic crisis on personal finances, it was proposed to identify the effects that the pandemic (COVID-19) has had on personal finances and conceive how its stability can be improved. The research was carried out under a descriptive design, with a simple random probability sampling of 384 people. The survey was applied for data collection. The result is that 57.0% are employed. However, 43.0% are not, 58.0% believe that it is difficult to save, and 27.0% reflect that it is possible to keep. Although 86.0% state that they have cut their expenses, 86.0% have goals from the pandemic. It is shown that the pandemic affects people's emotions in their finances. Savings are reported as a marked habit in citizens. However, many have sought ways to reinvent themselves by demonstrating various actions.
Formación educativa en Educación Física en el contexto de la virtualidad tecnológica actual
Authors:   Instituto Superior de Formación Docente Salomé Ureña, Bennasar Miguel
Published: March 2022

El propósito principal del estudio se centró en analizar formación educativa en Educación Física y el uso de herramientas tecnológicas en el contexto actual, como una forma de percibir la realidad del uso de las plataformas tecnológicas en los intercambios educativos de manera virtual. La investigación se anexa en lo metodológico a los estudios de campo de tipo descriptiva. El instrumento de recolección de datos fue la encuesta, conformada por 12 ítems, con sus alternativas, que permitió a través de los informantes, extraer las informaciones de donde se basaron los análisis. Para la validez se aplicó el juicio de expertos y la confiabilidad se determinó aplicando el Coeficiente de Cronbach y cuyo resultado fue de 0,89. Como conclusiones los estudiantes manifestaron que las TIC, representan un hecho significativo para la comprensión de las realidades educativas. Asimismo, evidenciaron estar en desacuerdo con relación a que la Educación Física resulte versátil bajo la modalidad virtual.