bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF NUTRIENT-SPECIFIC MODULATION ON COLD STRESS TOLERANCE: INSIGHTS FROM Drosophila ananassae AND D. bipectinata
Authors: G Appaji Nishkala , B P Harini
Published: August 2024

Drosophila species (fruit flies) have long served as valuable model organisms in evolutionary research. Among the diverse traits exhibited by fruit flies, cold tolerance stands out as a critical factor influencing their ecological distribution and survival in varied environments. The majority of research on cold tolerance concentrates on subjecting flies to a single, stressful temperature without any modulation in the diet.  The present study aimed to understand the impact of nutrient-specific modulation on the cold tolerance of Drosophila ananassae and D. bipectinata across a broad range of lower temperatures. Adult flies were transferred to the media composition enriched with sucrose and tryptophan in three replicates and maintained at 22oC. 20 flies of a particular stage: adults, eggs, larvae and pupa were exposed to 18oC, 14oC, and 10oC for 5 days. The impact of cold stress on their growth and survival was noted for 5 following days. The impact of dietary modifications on cold stress tolerance and life history traits was positive and consistent across both species. In contrast, D. bipectinata had greater survival rates than D. ananassae across all temperatures and dietary regimes. Tryptophan (100 mg) diet performed best to improve life traits on cold stress treatment.
The Different Policies and Legal Frameworks Governing Organ Donation and its Impact and Outcome
Authors: P. Sankarshana
Published: August 2024

The awareness about organ donation is more important during this period because it is a life saving measure for many dying people who requires organs for their survival . The study's aim was to estimate Chennai student’s level of awareness of organ donation. Methods: It is an empirical cross-sectional study, and a convenience sample of 231 people were established. To gather information, semistructured questionnaires were used. SPSS software was used to examine the data. With the cooperation of all the stakeholders, including the media, medical professionals, and religious authorities, an efficient campaign must be launched to provide people with pertinent information
Life-Cycle Estimates of Earnings Growth by Education and Gender
Authors: Even William E. , Macpherson David A.
Published: August 2024

This paper updates and refines the estimates of age-earnings profiles provided in William E. Even and David A. Macpherson (2018). Relative to the earlier work, the estimates provided here use more recent data, improve the controls for the impact of the labor market on earnings, and provide both sex-specific and sex-neutral estimates of age-earnings profiles by education.
Attitudes, practices and perceived barriers toward implementing non-pharmacological management for rheumatoid arthritis among rheumatologists: an online cross-sectional survey
Authors: Kronbi Fatine , Rkain Hanan , Ez-zaoui Samya , Benzine Nada , Abouqal Redouane , Belayachi Jihane , Hajjaj-Hassouni Najia , Tahiri Latifa , Allali Fadoua
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Our study aimed to evaluate the integration level of non-pharmacological mana­gement (NPM) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), analyze attitudes, practices, and perceived barriers towards NPM implementation, and identify factors contributing to the underutilization of non-
pharmacological treatment in RA.

Material and methods

A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among rheumatologists in Morocco. Rheumatologists received an online questionnaire gathering sociodemographic data, NPM integration level for RA, exploring their attitudes, practices and perceived barriers regarding the integration of NPM for RA, using a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5. Univariate analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for under-integration of NPM for RA.

Results

Out of 440 questionnaires sent, 132 rheumatologists responded to the survey (mean age of 44 ±12 years, 112 (84.8%) females, median professional experience of 15 years [4.7; 26.3]) with a response rate of 30%. All rheumatologists agreed on the importance of NPM integration into their practice with 130 (98.5%) supporting the necessity of tailored recommendations of NPM of RA for the Moroccan context. Sixty-nine (52.3%) reported a lack of NPM integration for RA. Only 36 (27.3%) consistently provided personalized NPM from RA diagnosis and 47 (35.6%) involved patients in
decision-making. Comment perceived barriers included difficulties in organizing multidisciplinary care (122; 92.4%), difficulties with time management in consultation (119; 90.2%), and lack of multi­disciplinary team members (116; 87.9%). In univariate analysis, lack of suitable training and lack of knowledge on NPM of RA were risk factors of under-integration of NPM of RA with respectively an odds ratio (OR) of 0.09, 95% CI: 0.01–0.86 and OR of 0.34, 95% CI: 0.15–0.76.

Conclusions

Our study revealed significant insufficiencies in the integration of NPM of RA among Moroccan rheumatologists. Perceived barriers, including insufficient training, lack of knowledge, and infrastructural limitations, hinder effective implementation. Addressing these through tailored education and multidisciplinary collaboration is essential for improving RA management.
Komparasi Metode Simple Additive Weight dan Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique Memilih Asisten Laboratorium Komputer
Authors: Siregar Rosma , Putri Tansa Trisna Astono , Rahmadani Reni , Lubis Ahmadi Irmansyah , Astrid Erita
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan dua metode penyeleksian mahasiswa untuk menjadi asisten laboratorium komputer, yaitu metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) dan Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART). Kedua metode ini digunakan untuk menentukan apakah kedua metode dapat menghasilkan alternatif terbaik yang sama dalam proses seleksi. Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) adalah metode yang menggunakan penjumlahan terbobot dari setiap atribut untuk memperoleh nilai total bagi setiap alternatif, sedangkan Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) menilai setiap atribut secara individual dengan pemberian bobot yang kemudian dijumlahkan untuk mendapatkan nilai akhir. Penelitian ini melibatkan pengumpulan data kuantitatif dari sejumlah calon asisten laboratorium. Data tersebut dianalisis menggunakan kedua metode untuk mengevaluasi kinerja masing-masing calon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua metode yang dibandingkan memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan dalam konteks penilaian atribut dan efisiensi waktu. Meskipun ada perbedaan dalam pendekatan dan kompleksitas, analisis hasil akhir menunjukkan bahwa kedua metode tersebut dapat menghasilkan alternatif terbaik yang sama.
PENDAMPINGAN LITERASI MEDIA DIGITAL DI PONDOK PESANTREN AL-ISLAH MATARAM BARU LAMPUNG TIMUR
Authors: M. Dani Habibi  , Ahmad Ardiyansyah  , Jaenuri
Published: August 2024

Berkembangnya teknologi digital menuntut manusia untuk terus berpikir logis dan cakap dalam menyesuaikan diri dengan perkembangan zaman. Aktifitas manusia dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan telah dimudahkan dengan hadirnya teknologi digital. Penyesuaian diri terhadap munculnya teknologi digital menjadi suatu keharusan terutama dalam menyongsong era society 5.0. Berhasil tidaknya penyesuaian diri setiap individu terhadap perkembangan zaman sangat bergantung pada kemampuan adaptasi dan inovasi. Manusia juga dituntut untuk melakukan inovasi secara berkelanjutan agar tidak mengalami ketertinggalan. a pendidikan. Dunia pendidikan harus mulai mempersiapkan diri dalam menyongsong era society 5.0 termasuk Pendidikan di Pesantren. Dengan demikian, pentingnya dunia literasi tersebut maka kami melakukan pendampingan literasi digital dan media online di Pondok Pesantren Al-Islah Mattaram Baru Lampung Timur
PENDAMPINGAN AKREDITASI LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI DI KECAMATAN WAY BUNGUR DAN BRAJA HARJOSARI
Authors: Nur Kholis
Published: August 2024

Kegiatan pendampingan ini bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan kepala sekolah, guru dan tendik pada lembaga pendidikan anak usia dini tentang pemenuhan standar pendidikan secara umum, bukti dokumen kegiatan, dan peningkatan kualitas mutu pendidikan anak usia dini. Kegiatan ini menggunakan metode pendampingan yang dilakukan secara tatap muka dan diikuti oleh 13 lembaga. Setiap lembaga diwakili oleh 3 orang, sehingga peserta berjumlah 39 orang. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa 92% peserta berpartisipasi aktif dalam diskusi, dan 76% peserta sudah dapat mengisi sispena dengan baik. Peserta telah dapat menentukan dokumen bukti pendukung serta mampu menentukan langkah untuk meningkatkan kualitas mutu lembaga pendidikan anak usia dini.
PENDAMPINGAN PEMANFAATAN MEDIA SOSIAL DAN SERTIFIKASI HALAL PADA UMKM KECAMATAN LABUHAN RATU LAMPUNG
Authors: Utami Fitri , Kholijah Siti , Jatmiko Edi
Published: August 2024

UMKM di kecamatan Labuhan Ratu masih banyak yang belum bisa menafaatkan tkenologi dalam memasarkan produknya dan produk mereka belum bersertifikat halal. Oleh karena itu tujuan pengabdian ini adalah untuk melakukan pendampingan pemanfaatan media sosial dan sertifikasi halal pada UMKM di Kecamatan Labuhan Ratu Lampung. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini adalah Participatory Action Research (PAR). Hasil dari penelitian ini, masyarakat bisa memanfaatkan media sosial dalam memasarkan produknya. Selain itu produk-produk UMKM tersebut sudah tersertifikasi halal.
Re-evaluation of the Hydrocarbon Potential of the Scarborough Field, Offshore Northern Carnarvon Basin, Australia.
Authors: B. I. Odoh, , C. V. Ahaneku, , O. G. Ozoemena , A. O Okpara, , H. C. Anozie, , C. P. Arukwe-Moses, , I.E. Eze, , F. Onwuagba , T. E. Onyebum, , O. F. Nebechukwu, , C.A. Okafor, , O.T. Emenaha,
Published: August 2024

This study examines the detailed basin analysis and re-evaluation of the hydrocarbon potential of the Scarborough Field in the Northern Carnarvon Basin, offshore Australia, aiming to enhance energy reserves. The research integrates extensive datasets, including a 3-D seismic reflection volume, fifty-two 2-D seismic lines, well logs from six wells, checkshot surveys, and surface geologic maps. The Northern Carnarvon Basin, a significant hydrocarbon reserve in Australia, has experienced a multi-phase extensional history and exhibits a complex stratigraphy linked to six tectonic phases. The pressing need for increased energy reserves necessitates revisiting old hydrocarbon fields to boost their production capacity using integrated methods. Well-log interpretation and correlation have revealed the lateral extents of petroleum system elements. The stratigraphic analysis identified three sequences and associated system tracts using the Depositional Sequence Model IV. Structural framework interpretation highlighted faults as migration pathways and hydrocarbon traps. Time and depth structure maps were produced to identify leads and prospects. Four leads and three prospects were pinpointed using RMS amplitude surfaces. Porosity values range from 20% to 29%, with hydrocarbon saturation between 51% and 65%. Volumetric assessment indicates that NAU Deep-1 contains 10.6 bcf, NAU Deep-2 holds 4.24 tcf, and NAU Deep-3 has 6.22 tcf of gas. These significant gas volumes highlight potential for future exploration and development in the Scarborough sedimentary infill.
The Blended Roles of Professional and Academic Staff in Universities of Technology: Are We Getting It Right?
Authors: Meyers Leigh , Naidoo Tigamberry , Skinner Jane
Published: August 2024

Tensions between academic and professional staff are still experienced in universities of technology. The article focuses on the mobility and shifting boundaries which appear to be developing in regard to this working relationship at one South African university of technology. The mixed-methods exploratory research involved data gathered in 2018 and in 2021 from both academic and professional staff. The data included findings from staff whose work spans both roles and those who have moved from one role to the other. Findings indicate that professional staff are often drawn into performing teaching and research functions, and yet experience barriers which impede their academic progress. The article argues for more overt recognition and facilitation of this blending of roles, which would seem to be particularly appropriate for universities of technology. No current literature exists on this phenomenon in South African Universities of Technology and this article hopes to fill this gap and initiate this conversation.
CHANGES IN THE COMPOSITION OF STARCH, PECTINS AND HEMICELLULOSES DURING THE RIPENING STAGE OF MANGO (Mangifera indica cv. KENT)
Authors:   Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Cárdenas-Coronel Wendy Guadalupe , Velez-de la Rocha Rosabel ,   Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Siller-Cepeda Jorge Humberto ,   Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Osuna-Enciso Tomás ,   Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Muy-Rangel María Dolores ,   Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Sañudo-Barajas J. Adriana ,   Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C
Published: August 2024

Changes in some polysaccharides during postharvest ripening of ‘Kent’ mangoes were evaluated in the present study. Fruit at physiologi-cal maturity stage were stored to simulate marketing conditions (20 ± 2 °C, 85 % relative humidity) until reaching the ripening stages 2, 3, 4 and 5 (according to the standards of Empacadoras de Mango de Exportación, A. C.). Changes in firmness, starch, pectin, hemicellulose and cellulose were determined. Polysaccharides were obtained from the alcohol-insoluble fractionof the mango flesh. Fruit showed a total firmness loss of 93 % from the ripening stage 2 to 5, which was progressively reduced in 40, 44 and 9 % when the fruit reached the stages 3, 4, and 5, respectively. In that order, the rate of softening was defined as initial, intermediate, and late. During the initial fruit softening, the content of starch was reduced by 90 % and the total sugars by 44 %, while the total uronic acids increased by 39 %. The total concen-tration of arabinose was maintained without significant changes in the different ripening stages at levels of 250 mg·100 g-1 fresh weight; however, a reduction of 50 % in glucose and galactose occurred during the initial softening. The water soluble-fraction was the prevalent pectin fraction with a composition near to 2:1 in the uronide:sugar ratio. During the softening of ‘Kent’ mangoes, changes in solubility and polymerization degree of pectin and hemicellulosic polysaccharides were observed.
CRITERIOS PARA LA SELECCIÓN DE ESPECIES HERBÁCEAS ORNAMENTALES PARA SU USO EN PAISAJISMO
Authors:   Colegio de Postgraduados, Guadalupe Ramírez-Hernández Sebastiana , Pérez-Vázquez Arturo ,   Colegio de Postgraduados, García- Albarado J. Cruz ,   Colegio de Postgraduados, Gómez-González Adrián ,   Colegio de Postgraduados, Vargas-Mendoza Mónica de la Cruz ,   Colegio de Postgraduados
Published: August 2024

Mexico has a great diversity of plants, many of them with ornamental potential that has not been used due to the lack of information. There is a world-wide tendency to rescue wild plants with ornamental potential to be included in the design of green spaces. The objective of this study was to develop and apply a methodological matrix for the selection of native wild species with ornamental potential. A survey and collection of herbaceous species was carried out in eight municipalities in central Veracruz (Huatusco, Tepatlaxco, Coscomatepec, Paso del Macho, Amatlán de los Reyes, Cuitláhuac, Tezonapa and Zongolica) in areas little disturbed. Herbaceous species with attrac-tive characteristics of foliage and flowers were collected. A total of 18 species belonging to 10 families and 16 genera were identified, the majority of them has not been used in landscape design. Based on the methodology developed, five plants had high ornamental potential. Ruellia coerulea Morong, Cosmos sulphureus, Zinnia elegans L., Salvia coccinea Buc ́hoz ex Etl. and Lantana camara L. had the highest scores of potential for ornamental use.
Evaluation of the Organoleptic Properties of Calabash Fruit (Crescentia Cujete) Jam: A Comprehensive Sensory analysis
Authors: Jorene Mae J. Tagud  , Minerva B. Baclayon  , Jose C. Agoylo Jr.
Published: August 2024

Abstract: This study was conducted to formulate a Calabash fruit jam and evaluate the developed product's sensory characteristics and consumer acceptability. A 2k factorial design was used to measure224 g calabash pulp and sugar levels. There was no significant difference in the sensory attributes across different treatments in terms of color, aroma, and flavor. However, the Friedman test showed that there was a difference in the sensory characteristics across different treatments in terms of texture. Results reveal that Treatments 1 with -125 g. level of pulp and sugar, Treatment 3 with -125 g. and +224 g. levels of pulp and sugar and Treatment 4 with +224 g. levels of pulp and sugar have the same texture and Treatment 2 with +224 g. and -125 g. level of pulp and sugar is different from these three treatments. In terms of sensory acceptability, there was a   significant difference in the sensory acceptability across other treatments in terms of texture, aroma, color, and flavor.  Further, results reveal that Treatment 1 with -125 g. level of pulp and sugar, Treatment 3 with -125 g. and +224 g. levels of pulp and sugar and Treatment 4 with +224 g. levels of pulp and sugar have the same texture, aroma, color, and flavor, and Treatment 2 with +224 g. and -125 g. level of pulp and sugar is different from these treatments. Hence, considering the production cost of each treatment, the lowest production cost was considered, and Treatment 1 with -125 g. level of pulp and sugar got the lowest production cost among other treatments.
Echoes across cultures: navigating the diversity in transcultural professor-student communication
Authors: Bukola Linda Oloba  , Salome Mbah  , Toyosi Motilola Olola  , Amina Catherine Ijiga
Published: August 2024

Increased globalization of the world has caused the frequent surge in the number of students studying internationally, especially in the United States. This has led to a situation where classrooms and institutions of higher learning have become more multicultural in nature, thereby demanding students, professors, faculty members and all relevant stakeholders to consciously seek to develop competence in thriving in transcultural learning environments. Therefore, this research attempts to examine the concept of culture, and how various elements of culture influence professor-students communication in classroom settings. In attempts to achieve this main objective, some of the themes discussed include the concepts of culture; transcultural communication; cultural dynamism; and building inclusivity in learning environments. The theoretical underpinning that this research was predicated upon is the Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory, with its comprehensive treatise of the 6 dimensions of distinguishing various cultures.
Keywords: Culture, Transcultural Communication, Cultural Dynamism, Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory, Inclusivity of Learning Environment.
Evolocumab (Repatha)
Authors: CADTH
Published: August 2024

It is recommended that Repatha be reimbursed by public drug plans for the reduction of elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in adult patients with primary hyperlipidemia (atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease [ASCVD]) if certain conditions are met.
Repatha should only be covered to treat patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) event, defined as those who have been hospitalized for a heart attack or unstable angina in the past 52 weeks. Additionally, these are patients with an LDL-C level between 1.8 mmol/L and 2.2 mmol/L (inclusive) or a non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non–HDL-C) level between 2.6 mmol/L and 2.9 mmol/L (inclusive) or an apolipoprotein B (ApoB) level between 0.7 g/L and 0.8 g/L (inclusive), despite receiving the highest dose of statin that can be tolerated and ezetimibe. Alternatively, these are patients with an LDL-C level greater than 2.2 mmol/L, a non–HDL-C greater than 2.9 mmol/L, or an ApoB greater than 0.8 g/L, despite receiving the highest dose of statin that can be tolerated, with or without ezetimibe.
Repatha should only be reimbursed if prescribed by a cardiologist or internal medicine specialist with expertise in the post-ACS setting and if the cost of Repatha is reduced. Repatha should not be reimbursed for use in combination with other PCSK9 inhibitors.
PENGOLAAN IKAN BARAKUDA (FIOURSE FOOD) SEBAGAI MAKANAN SEHAT DAN PENGEMBANGAN UMKM DI DESA PESISIR
Authors: Wafa Hosnol , Yunus Eko Yudianto , Shodieqy Ahmed Fatahillah , Holilur R.E Achmad
Published: August 2024

Aset laut tepatnya di Desa Pesisir sangat melimpah, masyarakat di desa tersebut sangat memanfaatkan hasil laut tersebut, oleh karena itu masyarakat di Desa Pesisir hampir seluruh warganya berpenghasilan dari hasil laut tersebut. Tapi sayangnya, masyarakat di Desa Pesisir tidak mengetahui bagaimana mengelolah hasil laut agar menjadi sesuatu yang lebih daripada mereka hanya menjual hasil laut secara langsung tanpa di kelola menjadi makanan yang sehat dan bernilai tinggi. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, Mahasiswa Universitas Panca Marga Probolinggo yang sedang melakukan Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) yang bertempat di Desa Pesisir merencanakan untuk melakukan kegiatan program unggulan yaitu “Pengelolaan Ikan Barakuda (Fiourse Food) Sebagai makanan Sehat Dan Pengembangan UMKM” Kegiatan tersebut bertujuan untuk mempermudah warga untuk mengelola hasil laut dengan nilai yang tinggi. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dimulai dengan riset kepada warga sekitar bahwa ikan yang paling banyak ditemui adalah ikan barakuda yang dimana ikan tersebut sangat mudah didapatkan oleh beberapa nelayan atau warga pesisir itu sendiri. Dengan ide ini kami ingin mengembangkan UMKM masyarakat Desa Pesisir untuk lebih bisa membuat suatu produk yang bernilai tinggi untuk dijadikan sebagai penghasilan warga di Desa Pesisir tersebut. Mahasiswa Kuliah Kerja Nyata Universitas Panca Marga Probolinggo yang tepatnya di Desa Pesisir ingin melakukan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dengan pengelolaan hasil laut yang bernilai tinggi bagi masyarakat di Desa Pesisir. Langkah pertama yang kami lakukan adalah mencari informasi tentang ikan barakuda dan mencari tau bagaimana masyarakat mencari ikan barakuda tersebut. Setelah itu kami melakukan survey untuk memastikan pencarian ikan barakuda tersebut bersama warga, lalu kemudian kami mencari ide untuk bagaimana ikan tersebut dikelola agar menjadi sesuatu yang bernilai tinggi. Setelah kami menemukan ide bagaimana ikan tersebut dikelola, kami mencoba untuk konsultasi dengan juru masak yang cukup ahli di Kota Probolinggo dan belajar bagaimana ikan tersebut dikelola menjadi makanan sehat dan bernilai tinggi. 
Kata Kunci : Pengelolaan hasil laut, Ikan Barakuda, Desa Pesisir.
Mechanistic insight into the kinetic fragmentation of norpinonic acid in the gas phase: an experimental and density functional theory (DFT) study
Authors: Kurzydym Izabela , Błaziak Agata , Podgórniak Kinga , Kułacz Karol , Błaziak Kacper
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Norpinonic acid has been known as an important α-pinene atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) component. It is formed in the reaction of α-pinene, β-pinene or verbenone with atmospheric oxidizing reagents. In the presented study, tandem mass spectrometry techniques were used to determine the exact norpinonic acid fragmentation pathway in the gas phase. The precursor anion – deprotonated norpinonic acid (m/z 169), generated in an electrospray (ESI) source – was introduced into the collision cell of the mass spectrometer and fragmented using the energy-resolved collision-induced dissociation (ER-CID) technique. The experimental energy values of degradation processes were determined via analysis of the breakdown curves. Quantum chemical calculations of the reaction models were also constructed, including calculation of all transition states. Comparison between the experimental and the theoretical threshold energies calculated at a ωB97XD/6-311+G(2d,p) theoretical level has shown a good correlation. Two basic pathways of the fragmentation of the parent anion [M-H]− (m/z 169) were observed. Firstly this leads to the decarboxylation product (m/z 125) and secondly to the loss of a neutral molecule (C4H6O), together with the formation of the anion m/z 99. On the other hand, the breakdown of the anion m/z 125 gives rise to the m/z 69, 57 and 55 ions. To confirm structures formed during ER-CID experiments, the gas-phase proton transfer reactions were examined of all norpinonic acid anionic fragments with a series of neutral reagents, characterized by proton affinity (PA) values. Based on PA difference analysis, the most possible chemical structures were proposed for the observed fragment anions.
ampycloud: an open-source algorithm to determine cloud base heights and sky coverage fractions from ceilometer data
Authors: Vogt Frédéric P. A. , Foresti Loris , Regenass Daniel , Réthoré Sophie , Tarin Burriel Néstor , Bibby Mervyn , Juda Przemysław , Balmelli Simone , Hanselmann Tobias , du Preez Pieter , Furrer Dirk
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Ceilometers are used routinely at aerodromes worldwide to derive the height and sky coverage fraction of cloud layers. This information, possibly combined with direct observations by human observers, contributes to the production of meteorological aerodrome reports (METARs). Here, we present ampycloud, a new algorithm, and its associated Python package for automatic processing of ceilometer data with the aim of determining the sky coverage fraction and base height of cloud layers above aerodromes. The ampycloud algorithm was developed at the Swiss Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss) as part of the AMAROC (AutoMETAR/AutoReport rOund the Clock) program to help in the fully automatic production of METARs at Swiss civil aerodromes. ampycloud is designed to work with no direct human supervision. The algorithm consists of three distinct, sequential steps that rely on agglomerative clustering methods and Gaussian mixture models to identify distinct cloud layers from individual cloud base hits reported by ceilometers. The robustness of the ampycloud algorithm stems from the first processing step, which is simple and reliable. It constrains the two subsequent processing steps that are more sensitive but also better suited to handling complex cloud distributions. The software implementation of the ampycloud algorithm takes the form of an eponymous, pip-installable Python package developed on GitHub and made publicly accessible.
Retrieving cloud base height and geometric thickness using the oxygen A-band channel of GCOM-C/SGLI
Authors: Nagao Takashi M. , Suzuki Kentaroh , Kuji Makoto
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Measurements with a 763 nm channel, located within the oxygen A-band and equipped on the Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI) onboard the JAXA’s Global Change Observation Mission – Climate (GCOM-C) satellite, have the potential to retrieve cloud base height (CBH) and cloud geometric thickness (CGT) through passive remote sensing. This study implemented an algorithm to retrieve the CBH using the SGLI 763 nm channel in combination with several other SGLI channels in the visible, shortwave infrared, and thermal infrared regions. In addition to CBH, the algorithm can simultaneously retrieve other key cloud properties, including cloud optical thickness (COT), cloud effective radius, ice COT fraction as the cloud thermodynamic phase, cloud top height (CTH), and CGT. Moreover, the algorithm can be seamlessly applied to global clouds comprised of liquid, ice, and mixed phases. The SGLI-retrieved CBH exhibited quantitative consistency with CBH data obtained from the ground-based ceilometer network, ship-borne ceilometer, satellite-borne radar and lidar observations, as evidenced by sufficiently high correlations and small biases. These results provide practical evidence that the retrieval of CBH is indeed possible using the SGLI 763 nm channel. Moreover, the results lend credence to the future use of SGLI CBH data, including the estimation of the surface downward longwave radiative flux from clouds. Nevertheless, issues remain that must be addressed to enhance the value of SGLI-derived cloud retrieval products. These include the systematic bias of SGLI CTH related to cirrus clouds and the bias of SGLI CBH caused by multi-layer clouds.
Comparison of Inductive and Capacitive End Couplings in the Design of a Combline Microwave Cavity Filter for the E1 Galileo Band
Authors: Boni Enrico , Giannetti Giacomo , Maddio Stefano , Pelosi Giuseppe
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Inductive and capacitive end couplings in the design of combline microwave filters are compared. For instance, a combline microwave cavity filter for the E1 Galileo band (1559–1591 MHz, 2 % fractional bandwidth) is considered. The inductive end coupling is composed of an L-shaped pin in galvanic contact with the end resonator, while the capacitive end coupling is realized by a straight pin parallel to the end resonator's axis. Although both end couplings can realize the desired external quality factor, the capacitive end coupling is easier to manufacture, while the inductive end coupling is less sensitive to the design parameter. An excellent agreement between synthesized (5th-order Chebyshev mask with 0.05 dB ripple) and measured responses is observed for the realized prototype of the filter. The insertion losses at the center frequency are 1.72 and 1.53 dB for the inductive and capacitive end couplings, respectively. The spurious-free ranges are up to 8.23 and 8.92 GHz for inductive and capacitive end couplings, respectively.
Causes, consequences and implications of the 2023 landslide-induced Lake Rasac GLOF, Cordillera Huayhuash, Peru
Authors: Emmer Adam , Vilca Oscar , Salazar Checa Cesar , Li Sihan , Cook Simon , Pummer Elena , Hrebrina Jan , Haeberli Wilfried
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Glacierized Peruvian mountain ranges are experiencing accelerated, climate change-driven glacier ice loss. Peru’s second highest mountain range, the Cordillera Huayhuash, has lost about 40 % (~34 km2) of its glacier cover since the 1970s. Newly exposed landscapes are prone to a number of hazard processes including the formation and evolution of glacial lakes, changing stability conditions of mountain slopes, and rapid mass movements. In this study, we integrate the analysis of meteorological data, remotely sensed images and field observations in order to document the most recent (February 2023) large mass movement-induced glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) from moraine-dammed Lake Rasac. The GLOF was triggered by a mass movement from the failure of an arête ridge with an estimated volume of 1.1 to 1.5 x 106 m3; this occurred from the frozen rock zone with cold, deep permafrost, and was preceded by several small-magnitude precursory rockfall events. The reduced stability of the frozen rocks in the detachment zone most likely relates to deep warming, but not to especially critical conditions of warm permafrost with higher amounts of unfrozen water. Further, we describe the surprisingly short-distanced process chain (attenuated by the Lake Gochacotan located 3.5 km downstream from the detachment zone) and analyze the transport of large boulders with the use of hydrodynamic modelling, revealing that flow velocities > 5 m/s must have been reached in the case of translational motion, and > 10 m/s in the case of rotational motion of the largest transported boulders (diameter > 3.5 m). In addition, we analyze climate trends over past seven decades as well as meteorological conditions prior to the GLOF, revealing a statistically significant atmospheric temperature rise and thermal anomaly before the event. Climate change effects (warming air and permafrost temperatures) served to hasten the failure of an already critical geological situation. This study helps us to understand (i) mechanisms, amplification and attenuation elements in GLOF process chains; and (ii) altering frequency-magnitude relationships of extreme geomorphic processes in rapidly changing high-mountain environments on a regional scale (both large magnitude rockfalls and GLOFs). This study supports earlier work that indicated an increasing frequency of large mass movement-induced GLOFs originating from ice-related effects of glacial de-buttressing and warming permafrost in recent decades.
Biogeochemical versus biogeophysical temperature effects of historical land-use change in CMIP6
Authors: Amali Amali A. , Schwingshackl Clemens , Ito Akihiko , Barbu Alina , Delire Christine , Peano Daniele , Lawrence David M. , Wårlind David , Robertson Eddy , Davin Edouard L. , Shevliakova Elena , Harman Ian N. , Vuichard Nicolas , Miller Paul A. , Lawrence Peter J. , Ziehn Tilo , Hajima Tomohiro , Brovkin Victor , Zhang Yanwu , Arora Vivek K. , Pongratz Julia
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Anthropogenic land-use change (LUC) substantially impacts climate dynamics, primarily through modifications in the surface biogeophysical (BGP) and biogeochemical (BGC) fluxes, which alter the exchange of energy, water, and carbon with the atmosphere. Despite the established significance of both the BGP and BGC effects, their relative contribution to climate change remains poorly quantified. In this study, we leveraged data from an unprecedented number of Earth system models (ESMs) of the latest generation that contributed to the Land Use Model Intercomparison Project (LUMIP), under the auspices of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Our analysis of BGP effects indicates a range of global annual near-surface air temperature changes across ESMs due to historical LUC, from a cooling of -0.23 °C to a warming of 0.14 °C, with a multi-model mean and spread of -0.03±0.10 °C under present-day conditions relative to the pre-industrial era. Notably, the BGP effects indicate warming at high latitudes. Still, there is a discernible cooling pattern between 30° N and 60° N, extending across large landmasses from the Great Plains of North America to the Northeast Plain of Asia. The BGC effect shows substantial land carbon losses, amounting to -122±96 GtC over the historical period, with decreased vegetation carbon pools driving the losses in nearly all analysed ESMs. Based on the transient climate response to cumulative emissions (TCRE), we estimate that LUC-induced carbon emissions result in a warming of approximately 0.20±0.14 °C, which is consistent with previous estimates. When the BGP and BGC effects are taken together, our results suggest that the net effect of LUC on historical climate change has been to warm the climate. To understand the regional drivers —and thus potential levers to alter the climate—, we show the contribution of each grid cell to LUC-induced global temperature change, as a warming contribution over the tropics and subtropics with a nuanced cooling contribution over the mid-latitudes. Our findings indicate that historically, the BGC temperature effects dominate the BGP temperature effects at the global scale. However, they also reveal substantial discrepancies across models in the magnitude, directional impact, and regional specificity of LUC impacts on global temperature and land carbon dynamics. This underscores the need for further improvement and refinement in model simulations, including the consideration and implementation of land-use data and model-specific parameterisations, to achieve more accurate and robust estimates of the climate effect of LUC.
Extended range forecasting of stream water temperature with deep learning models
Authors: Padrón Ryan S. , Zappa Massimiliano , Bernhard Luzi , Bogner Konrad
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Stream water temperatures influence water quality with effects on aquatic biodiversity, drinking water provision, electricity production, agriculture, and recreation. Therefore, stakeholders would benefit from an operational forecasting service that would support timely action. Deep learning models are well-suited to provide probabilistic forecasts at individual stations of a monitoring network. Here we train and evaluate several state-of-the-art models using 10 years of data from 54 stations across Switzerland. Static catchment features, time of the year, meteorological observations from the past 64 days, and their ensemble forecasts for the following 32 days are included as predictors in the models to estimate daily maximum water temperature over the next 32 days. Results show that the Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT) model performs best with a Continuous Rank Probability Score (CRPS) of 0.70 °C averaged over all lead times, stations, and 90 forecasts distributed over 1 year. The TFT is followed by the Recurrent Neural Network Encoder – Decoder with a CRPS of 0.74 °C, and the Neural Hierarchical Interpolation for Time Series with a CRPS of 0.75 °C. These deep learning models outperform other simpler models trained at each station: Random Forest (CRPS = 0.80 °C), Multi-layer Perceptron neural network (CRPS = 0.81 °C), and Autoregressive linear model (CRPS = 0.96 °C). The average CRPS of the TFT degrades from 0.38 °C at lead time of 1 day to 0.90 °C at lead time of 32 days, largely driven by the uncertainty of the meteorological ensemble forecasts. In addition, TFT water temperature predictions at new and ungauged stations outperform those from the other models. When analyzing the importance of model inputs, we find a dominant role of observed water temperature and future air temperature, while including precipitation and time of the year further improve predictive skill. Operational probabilistic forecasts of daily maximum water temperature are generated twice per week with our TFT model and are publicly available at https://www.drought.ch/de/impakt-vorhersagen-malefix/wassertemperatur-prognosen/. Overall, this study provides insights on the extended range predictability of stream water temperature, and on the applicability of deep learning models in hydrology.
Investigating the influence of changing ice surfaces on gravity wave formation and glacier boundary-layer flow with large-eddy simulations
Authors: Goger Brigitta , Nicholson Lindsey , Ouy Matthis , Stiperski Ivana
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Mountain glaciers are located in highly complex terrain and their local micro-climate is influenced by mountain boundary layer processes and dynamically-induced gravity waves. Observations (turbulence flux towers) and simulations (large-eddy simulation) over the Hintereisferner (HEF) glacier in the Austrian Alps have shown that down-glacier winds are often disturbed by cross-glacier flow from the North-West associated with gravity waves. In this work, we explore how the glaciers located upstream of HEF influence the gravity wave formation and intensity and and the feedback this has on boundary layer flow over HEF. In semi-idealized large-eddy simulations, we explore the impact of changing surface properties on HEF's microclimate by removing the upstream glaciers only (NO_UP) and removing all ice surfaces (NO_GL). Simulations suggest that removing the upstream glaciers (which causes a change of boundary layer stratification from stable to unstable) leads to a weaker gravity wave breaking earlier than in the reference simulation and leading to enhanced turbulent mixing over HEF. As a consequence, this results in higher temperatures, sensible heat fluxes, and stronger warm-air advection over HEF tongue. Removing all glaciers results – as expected – in higher temperatures of up to 5 K over the missing ice surfaces, while the gravity wave pattern is similar as in the NO_UP simulation, indicating that the upstream boundary layer exerts dominant control over downstream response in such highly dynamic conditions. This study shows that a single glacier tongue is never isolated from its environment and that surrounding glaciers and local topography have to be taken into account when studying glacier boundary-layer processes. Furthermore, glaciers have a stabilizing effect on the boundary layer, impacting gravity wave formation and downslope windstorm intensity and their impact on the flow structure in valleys downstream.
Generation of global 1 km all-weather instantaneous and daily mean land surface temperatures from MODIS data
Authors: Li Bing , Liang Shunlin , Ma Han , Dong Guanpeng , Liu Xiaobang , He Tao , Zhang Yufang
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Land surface temperature (LST) serves as a crucial variable in characterizing climatological, agricultural, ecological, and hydrological processes. Thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing provides high temporal and spatial resolutions for obtaining LST information. Nevertheless, TIR-based satellite LST products frequently exhibit missing values due to cloud interference. Prior research on estimating all-weather instantaneous LST has predominantly concentrated on regional or continental scales. This study involved generating a global all-weather instantaneous and daily mean LST product spanning from 2000 to 2020 using XGBoost. Multisource data, including Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) top-of-atmosphere (TOA) observations, surface radiation products, and reanalysis data, were employed. Validation using an independent dataset of 77 individual stations demonstrated the high accuracy of our products, yielding root mean squared errors (RMSEs) of 2.787 K (instantaneous) and 2.175 K (daily). The RMSE for clear-sky conditions was 2.614 K for the instantaneous product, which is slightly lower than the cloudy-sky RMSE of 2.931 K. Our instantaneous and daily mean LST products exhibit higher accuracy compared to the MODIS official LST product (instantaneous RMSE = 3.583 K; daily 3.105 K) and the land component of the fifth generation of the European ReAnalysis (ERA5-Land) LST product (instantaneous RMSE = 4.048 K; daily 2.988 K). Significant improvements are observed in our LST product, notably at high latitudes, compared to the official MODIS LST product. The LST dataset from 2000 to 2020 at the monthly scale, the daily mean LST on the first day of 2010 can be freely downloaded from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4292068 (Li et al., 2024), and the complete product will be available at https://glass-product.bnu.edu.cn/ (last access: 22 August 2024).
Mixed-precision computing in the GRIST dynamical core for weather and climate modelling
Authors: Chen Siyuan , Zhang Yi , Wang Yiming , Liu Zhuang , Li Xiaohan , Xue Wei
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Atmosphere modelling applications are becoming increasingly memory-bound due to the inconsistent development rates between processor speeds and memory bandwidth. In this study, we mitigate memory bottlenecks and reduce the computational load of the Global–Regional Integrated Forecast System (GRIST) dynamical core by adopting a mixed-precision computing strategy. Guided by an application of the iterative development principle, we identify the coded equation terms that are precision insensitive and modify them from double to single precision. The results show that most precision-sensitive terms are predominantly linked to pressure gradient and gravity terms, while most precision-insensitive terms are advective terms. Without using more computing resources, computational time can be saved, and the physical performance of the model is largely kept. In the standard computational test, the reference runtime of the model's dry hydrostatic core, dry nonhydrostatic core, and the tracer transport module is reduced by 24 %, 27 %, and 44 %, respectively. A series of idealized tests, real-world weather and climate modelling tests, was performed to assess the optimized model performance qualitatively and quantitatively. In particular, in the long-term coarse-resolution climate simulation, the precision-induced sensitivity can manifest at the large scale, while in the kilometre-scale weather forecast simulation, the model's sensitivity to the precision level is mainly limited to small-scale features, and the wall-clock time is reduced by 25.5 % from the double- to mixed-precision full-model simulations.
Deep-learning-driven simulations of boundary layer clouds over the Southern Great Plains
Authors: Su Tianning , Zhang Yunyan
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Based on long-term observations at the Southern Great Plains site by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program for training and validation, a deep-learning model is developed to simulate the daytime evolution of boundary layer clouds (BLCs) from the perspective of land–atmosphere coupling. The model takes ARM measurements (including early-morning soundings and diurnally varying surface meteorological conditions and heat fluxes) as inputs and predicts hourly estimates (including cloud occurrence, the positions of cloud boundaries, and the vertical profile of the cloud fraction) as outputs. The deep-learning model offers good agreement with the observed cloud fields, especially in the accuracy with which cloud occurrence and base height are reproduced. When the inputs are substituted by reanalysis data from ERA5 and MERRA-2, the outputs of the deep-learning model provide a better agreement with observation than the cloud fields extracted from ERA5 and MERRA-2 themselves. Thus, the deep-learning model shows great potential to serve as a diagnostic tool for the performance of physics-based models in simulating stratiform and cumulus clouds. By quantifying biases in clouds and attributing them to the simulated atmospheric state variables versus the model-parameterized cloud processes, this observation-based deep-learning model may offer insights into the directions needed to improve the simulation of BLCs in physics-based models for weather forecasting and climate prediction.
Alquimia v1.0: A generic interface to biogeochemical codes – A tool for interoperable development, prototyping and benchmarking for multiphysics simulators
Authors: Molins Sergi , Andre Benjamin , Johnson Jeffrey , Hammond Glenn , Sulman Benjamin , Lipnikov Konstantin , Day Marcus , Beisman James , Svyatsky Daniil , Deng Hang , Lichtner Peter , Steefel Carl , Moulton David
Published: August 2024

Abstract. We present Alquimia v1.0, a generic interface to geochemical solvers that facilitates development of multiphysics simulators by enabling code coupling, prototyping and benchmarking. The interface enforces a call signature for setting up, solving, serving up output data, and other common auxiliary tasks, while providing a set of structures for data transfer between the multiphysics code driving the simulation and the geochemical solver. Alquimia relies on a single-cell approach that permits operator splitting coupling and parallel computation. We describe the implementation in Alquimia of two widely-used open-source codes that perform geochemical calculations, PFLOTRAN and CrunchFlow. We then exemplify its use for the implementation and simulation of reactive transport in porous media by two open-source flow and transport simulators, Amanzi and Parflow. We also demonstrate its use for the simulation of coupled processes in novel multiphysics applications including the effect of multiphase flow on reaction rates at the pore scale with openFOAM, the role of complex biogeochemical processes in land surface models such as the E3SM Land Model (ELM), and the impact of surface-subsurface hydrological interactions on hydrogeochemical export from watersheds with the Advanced Terrestrial Simulator (ATS). These applications make it apparent that the availability of a well-defined yet flexible interface has the potential to improve the software development workflow, freeing up resources to focus on advances in process models and mechanistic understanding of coupled problems.