bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural History of Patients With Ischemia and No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Reynolds Harmony R. , Picard Michael H. , Spertus John A. , Peteiro Jesus , Lopez Sendon Jose Luis , Senior Roxy , El-Hajjar Mohammad C. , Celutkiene Jelena , Shapiro Michael D. , Pellikka Patricia A. , Kunichoff Dennis F. , Anthopolos Rebecca , Alfakih Khaled , Abdul-Nour Khaled , Khouri Michel , Bershtein Leonid , De Belder Mark , Poh Kian Keong , Beltrame John F. , Min James K. , Fleg Jerome L. , Li Yi , Maron David J. , Hochman Judith S.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) is common and has an adverse prognosis. We set out to describe the natural history of symptoms and ischemia in INOCA.

Methods:

CIAO-ISCHEMIA (Changes in Ischemia and Angina over One Year in ISCHEMIA Trial Screen Failures With INOCA) was an international cohort study conducted from 2014 to 2019 involving angina assessments (Seattle Angina Questionnaire) and stress echocardiograms 1 year apart. This was an ancillary study that included patients with a history of angina who were not randomly assigned in the ISCHEMIA trial. Stress-induced wall motion abnormalities were determined by an echocardiographic core laboratory blinded to symptoms, coronary artery disease status, and test timing. Medical therapy was at the discretion of treating physicians. The primary outcome was the correlation between the changes in the Seattle Angina Questionnaire angina frequency score and changes in echocardiographic ischemia. We also analyzed predictors of 1-year changes in both angina and ischemia, and we compared CIAO participants with ISCHEMIA participants with obstructive coronary artery disease who had stress echocardiography before enrollment, as CIAO participants did.

Results:

INOCA participants in CIAO were more often female (66% of 208 versus 26% of 865 ISCHEMIA participants with obstructive coronary artery disease,
P
<0.001), but the magnitude of ischemia was similar (median 4 ischemic segments [interquartile range, 3–5] both groups). Ischemia and angina were not significantly correlated at enrollment in CIAO (
P
=0.46) or ISCHEMIA stress echocardiography participants (
P
=0.35). At 1 year, the stress echocardiogram was normal in half of CIAO participants, and 23% had moderate or severe ischemia (≥3 ischemic segments). Angina improved in 43% and worsened in 14%. Change in ischemia over 1 year was not significantly correlated with change in angina (ρ=0.029).

Conclusions:

Improvement in ischemia and angina were common in INOCA but not correlated. Our INOCA cohort had a degree of inducible wall motion abnormalities similar to concurrently enrolled ISCHEMIA participants with obstructive coronary artery disease. Our results highlight the complex nature of INOCA pathophysiology and the multifactorial nature of angina.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02347215.
Mean Arterial Pressure and Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in the CKiD Cohort
Authors: Dionne Janis M. , Jiang Shuai , Ng Derek K. , Flynn Joseph T. , Mitsnefes Mark M. , Furth Susan L. , Warady Bradley A. , Samuels Joshua A. ,   for the CKiD study group
Published: June 2021

Consensus blood pressure guidelines vary in their recommended ambulatory blood pressure targets for children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) because of limited research in this area. We analyzed longitudinal ambulatory blood pressure monitoring data from 679 children with moderate CKD enrolled in the observational CKiD (Chronic Kidney Disease in Children) cohort by time-varying mean arterial pressure (MAP) percentile categories based on the highest wake or sleep MAP percentile. Analyses were stratified by nonglomerular and glomerular diagnoses, with 3 models constructed: unadjusted, adjusted for age, sex, and race, and additional adjustment for proteinuria. The outcome of interest was time to renal replacement therapy or 50% decline in baseline renal function. We found that among children with nonglomerular CKD, MAP percentile was not associated with accelerated disease progression risk until after 4 years of follow-up at which point a high MAP (>90th percentile) was associated with a higher risk of progression to the composite end point (HR, 1.88 [CI, 1.03–3.44]). Among those with glomerular CKD, differential risk for progression began from baseline with the highest risk in those with MAP >90th percentile (HR, 3.23 [CI, 1.34–7.79]). These relationships were attenuated somewhat after adjustment for level of proteinuria, but the trend for higher MAP being associated with higher risk of progression remained significant. Thus, in children with CKD, having ambulatory wake or sleep MAP >90th percentile was associated with higher risk of kidney disease progression with the highest levels of MAP associated with the greatest risk of progression.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00327860
Occupational Physical Activity and New-Onset Hypertension: A Nationwide Cohort Study in China
Authors: Li Qinqin , Li Rui , Zhang Shaojie , Zhang Yuanyuan , He Panpan , Zhang Zhuxian , Liu Mengyi , Zhou Chun , Li Huan , Liu Chengzhang , Qin Xianhui
Published: June 2021

The association between occupational physical activity (OPA) and the risk of hypertension remains uncertain. We aimed to examine the prospective relations of OPA and new-onset hypertension among Chinese males and females. A total of 9350 adults who were free of hypertension at baseline were enrolled from the CHNS study (China Health and Nutrition Survey). Data on OPA were obtained by using self-reported questionnaires and calculated as metabolic equivalent task (MET)–hours per week. MET–hours per week may account for both intensity and time spent on activities. The study outcome was new-onset hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg or diagnosed by physician or under antihypertensive treatment during the follow-up. During a median of 8.0 years (82 410 person-years) of follow-up, a total of 2949 participants developed hypertension. Overall, there was a L-shaped association between the OPA and new-onset hypertension in males and a U-shaped association in females (all
P
values for nonlinearity <0.001). Accordingly, when OPA was categorized as four groups (<80, 80–<160, 160–<240, and ≥240 metabolic MET–hours per week), in males, the risk of new-onset hypertension was significantly increased only among participants with OPA <80 MET–hours per week; however, in females, the lowest risk of new-onset hypertension was found among those with OPA 80 to 240 MET–hours per week. In summary, moderate OPA, in terms of both duration and intensity, is associated with a lower risk of new-onset hypertension among both males and females, whereas heavy OPA was related to increased risk of new-onset hypertension in females.
Thematic Reanalysis in the Left Posterior Parietal Sulcus: A TMS Study
Authors: Finocchiaro Chiara , Cattaneo Luigi , Lega Carlotta , Miceli Gabriele
Published: June 2021

Understanding who does what to whom is at the core of sentence comprehension. The actors that contribute to the verb meaning are labeled thematic roles. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to verify the possible impact of verb semantics on the thematic role encoding process that has been shown to involve the posterior portion of the left posterior parietal sulcus (PPS; Finocchiaro et al., 2015). Sixteen participants underwent TMS and sham stimulation sessions while performing an agent-decision task, in which they had to decide by key press which of the two arguments was the agent of visually presented sentences or pseudo-sentences. The (pseudo)sentences were all reversible and were presented in the active or passive diathesis. Double pulse TMS was delivered to the posterior part of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) in an event-related fashion, at two different time windows: 200–400 ms (T1) or 600–800 ms (T2) time-locked to the presentation of the (pseudo)sentence. Results showed that TMS increased accuracy on passive sentences and pseudo-sentences as compared to active sentences and to the baseline, sham condition. Indeed, the presence of a verb with a full semantic representation was not a necessary precondition for the TMS-induced facilitation of passive (pseudo)sentences. Stimulation timing had no effect on accuracy for sentences vs. pseudo-sentences. These observations support the idea that the posterior parietal site is recruited when the correct interpretation of a sentence requires reanalysis of temporarily encoded thematic roles (as in reversible passive sentences) even when the verb is not an entry in the lexicon and hence does not have a semantic representation. Results are consistent with previous evidence and deserve further investigation in larger experimental samples. Increasing the number and variety of stimulus sentences, and administering TMS to additional control sites will be key to further articulate the conclusions allowed by these initial findings.
The type species of Bronchocela Kaup, 1827 and lectotype designations for Agama cristatella Kuhl, 1820 and Agama gutturosa Merrem, 1820 (Squamata: Iguania: Agamidae)
Authors: FIGUEROA ALEX
Published: June 2021

The agamid genus Bronchocela Kaup, 1827 comprises 13 species of diurnal, arboreal lizards distributed from India east through Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, the Philippines, to Papua New Guinea (Diong & Lim 1998; Hallermann 2005; Grismer et al. 2015). Once occupying this entire range, B. cristatella’s distribution has now been restricted to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, southern Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea (Hallermann 2005). My intention here is to: 1) clarify the type species of the genus-group name Bronchocela; 2) resolve the valid name for the taxon under consideration; 3) designate lectotypes for Agama cristatella Kuhl, 1820 and Agama gutturosa Merrem, 1820, and; 4) discuss the type locality for the taxon under consideration.
Integrative taxonomy and a new species description in the sturtevanti subgroup of the Drosophila saltans group (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: MADI-RAVAZZI LILIAN , SEGALA LUÍS FERNANDO , ROMAN BRUNA EMILIA , ALEVI KAIO CESAR CHABOLI , PREDIGER CAROLINA , YASSIN AMIR , HUA-VAN AURÉLIE , MILLER WOLFGANG J.
Published: June 2021

Although the biological concept of species is well established in animals, sometimes the decision about the specific status of a new species is difficult and hence requires support of an integrative analysis of several character sets. To date, the species Drosophila sturtevanti, D. magalhaesi, D. milleri and D. dacunhai, belonging to the sturtevanti subgroup of the Neotropical saltans species group, are identified mainly by the aedeagus morphology, but also present some differences in spot coloration and patterning of the female sixth tergite and in the shape and size of the spermathecae, parallel to a pattern of reproductive isolation. In the present study, we describe a novel saltans group species from French Guiana belonging to the sturtevanti subgroup. Our species designation is based on an integrative approach covering (i) aedeagi and spermathecae morphology by scanning electron microscopy, (ii) analysis of female sixth-tergite color, (iii) morphometrical analysis of aedeagi and wings, (iv) analysis of partial sequence of the COI, COII and ND4 mitochondrial genes as well as (v) intercrosses for analysis of reproductive isolation. The comparative analysis of the results on these markers with those of D. sturtevanti, D. milleri and D. dacunhai supports that this line belongs to a new species of the sturtevanti subgroup that we name Drosophila lehrmanae sp. nov. in honor of Prof. Lee Ehrman´s 85th birthday.
Purification, Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activities of Polysaccharides fromMulberryLeaf Fermented withPhellinus igniarius
Authors: Li Junfeng , Zhou Zhuoyan , Chu Lisheng , Jiang Xiawei , Xu Jiabao , Wu Lichao , Zhang Tingting , Wang Jin , Ren Guilin , Mou Xin , Liu Wenhong
Published: June 2021

Phellinus igniariusis a rare and precious medicinal fungus, displaying an outstanding physiological effect, especially the immunomodulatory effects. Previous studies indicated that water-soluble crude polysaccharide (MPFP) was obtained from mulberry leaf fermented withPhellinus igniarius. In vitrocell assay revealed that MPFP showed higher immunomodulatory activity than that of mulberry leaves polysaccharide (MP) andPhellinus igniariusmycelial polysaccharide (PP). Therefore, in this study, structure and immunomodulatory activity of MPFP were measured, a novel polysaccharide named MPFP2-1 was separated through DEAE-52 cellulose column and SephadexG-100 gel-filtration chromatography. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that MPFP2-1 was mainly composed of L-rhamnose and D-glucose with the molar ratio of 1.0:5.4. The average molecular weight was 50.3 kDa by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). FT-IR spectrum showed that MPFP2-1 contained a characteristic absorption peak of polysaccharide. The NMR spectrum indicated MPFP2-1 contained 1 → 6 glucosidic bond.In vitroimmunomodulatory assay revealed that MPFP2-1 significantly enhanced the macrophages proliferation, stimulated the macrophages phagocytic capacity, as well as induced NO and TNF-a generation. We further discovered that MPFP2-1 stimulated iNOS and TNF-αprotein expression in RAW264.7 cells by western blotting. The results are in agreement with ELISA. All the results suggest that MPFP2-1 possesses potent immunomodulatory activity and could be taken forward as new products for medicines.
Optimization of Solid State Fermentation of Mixed-Culture ofPenicilliumConsortium for Cellulase and Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases Production
Authors: Xu Zi-Han , Liang Cui-Yi , Wang Wen , Wang Qiong , Qi Wei , Wang Zhong-Ming , Yuan Zhen-Hong
Published: June 2021

In order to produce higher titre of cellulolytic enzyme cocktails, present study deals with fourPenicilliumconsortium mixed-culture and to investigate their feasibility of producing higher cellulase and auxiliary enzymes via solid state fermentation (SSF). Among different lignocellulosic waste, rice straw was found to be the most suitable substrate. In addition, thePenicilliumconsortium in a mixture ratio of 1:1:1:1 which exhibited higher enzyme activity than the monoculture. Nitrogen sources of tryptone had significant influences on cellulase and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) production. The highest cellulase and LPMO activities were 16.65 ± 1.83 U/g and 33.87 ± 0.45 U/g, respectively. The SSF process condition used to obtain these activities were at 30 °C during 5 days. These results show that the optimized studied of mixed-cultivation system withPenicilliumconsortium have potential to be exploiting a complex consortium for the enrichment of cellulolytic enzyme cocktails for bioethanol processes.
Controllable Synthesis of Spindle-Shaped β-FeOOH and Its Effective Adsorption for High Concentrated Congo Red
Authors: Liu Wei , Cao Huiming , Tian Miao , Wang Zhongpeng , Wang Liguo , He Fang
Published: June 2021

Spindle-shaped β-FeOOH nanostructures have been successfully prepared by a facile, green, and glycerol assisted solvothermal process. The spindle-like nanostructures are 25–45 nm in width and 80-180 nm in length, embracing uniform particle size. The formation mechanism
of the spindle-shaped β-FeOOH, as well as the effect of glycerol and solvothermal temperatures, has been investigated in detail. The N2 sorption results revealed that the β-FeOOH samples possess a large surface area (178.73 m2 · g-1)
and characteristic mesoporous structures. The XPS analysis showed that as-obtained samples have many Fe–OH groups, which is benifical for Congo red (CR) adsorption. Furthermore, the obtained samples have shown superior performance for highly concentrated CR adsorption with a maximum
adsorption capacity of 714.29 mg/g. It indicates that the spindle-shaped β-FeOOH products can be potentially as a low-cost nanomaterial for efficient removal of poisonous organic pollutants from wastewater.
Laparoscopic Resection of a Hepatic Epithelioid Angiomyolipoma Revealed by Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Mochizuki Kiyotaka , Aoki Takeshi , Kusano Tomokazu , Tomioka Kodai , Tashiro Yoshihiko , Koizumi Tomotake , Matsuda Kazuhiro , Enami Yuta , Yamochi Toshiko , Murakami Masahiko
Published: June 2021

Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging (ICG-FI)—a sensitive tool for detecting tumor localization in laparoscopic surgery—produces false positive results for benign liver tumors. This report is the first case of hepatic angiomyolipoma (HAML) treated laparoscopically with ICG-FI. We present the case of a 31-year-old woman with a liver tumor that was a 13-mm mass in the anterior superior segment. Though a benign tumor was suspected, malignant potential could not be ruled out. Therefore, minimally invasive laparoscopic resection using ICG-FI was planned. ICG, intravenously injected preoperatively, revealed the tumor’s existence. Pure laparoscopic hepatectomy with ICG-FI was performed for excisional biopsy, during which the tumor was resected with adequate surgical margins, followed by histological confirmation of HAML. In conclusion, it is suggested that laparoscopic resection with ICG-FI is an effective minimal invasive surgery for tumors that are difficult to detect, such as HAML, leading to a safe surgical margin.
The study of needle type influence on woven fabric surface area during the sewing process
Authors: Rogina-Car Beti , Kovačević Stana
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the damage to cotton fabrics (ticking and damask) caused by stitching with three types of needle point shapes (R, SES and SUK) and four needle sizes (70, 80, 90 and 100 Nm). Damage to the yarn and the surface area of the hole were investigated. Based on the results, it can be concluded that two types of damage occur during sewing: the needle passes through the warp/weft (it displaces the yarn) and the needle damages the warp/weft. An analysis and comparison of the surface area of the holes was carried out, obtained by a computer program based on microscopic images. The results show greater damage to the yarn at the needle piercing point in the ticking due to higher density, friction and low yarn migration. The largest surface area of the holes was produced when sewing with SUK-designated needles on ticking and damask. When sewing damask, R-designated needles cause the least damage to the piercing point, whereas SES-designated needles give the best results when sewing the ticking. Thread damage was further confirmed by testing the tensile properties of the yarn at the needle piercing points.
Planning Practice in Latin America: The Legacy of the Traveling Urbanists and Other Vertical Dialogues
Authors: Cantarim Fernanda , Ultramari Clovis
Published: June 2021

During the first half of twentieth century, Europe was the world vanguard for urban planning ideas. European urbanists traveled to Latin America, participated in urban plans, influenced local professionals, and had their ideas replicated by secondary sources. This influence transformed not only Latin American cities but also their academic and professional practice of urbanism. First, two items contextualize the discussion: the third part discusses the reality of Latin American largest cities in early 1900s, and the fourth part identifies main traveling urbanists and their trajectories in Latin America. The last part presents a temporal reading of facts and urban trends. The fifth part discusses the legacy of old vertical dialogues and shifts in the relation between Latin America and central countries. Main conclusions are that (1) between Latin America and Europe existed a vertical and almost exclusive dialogue, and (2) recent shifts seem to impair the old model of central–peripheral transfer of urban planning ideas.
From Pitching to Briefing: Extending entrepreneurial storytelling to new audiences
Authors: Chapple Duncan , Pollock Neil , D’Adderio Luciana
Published: June 2021

Previous research emphasises storytelling as the means by which entrepreneurs gain stakeholder support. If new ventures are to survive and grow, they require the backing of a range of stakeholders. Yet the processes of storytelling that appealed to early-stage groups like investors may not attract later-stage audiences. This can pose obstacles to survivability and development. However, it is unclear how entrepreneurs learn about and garner the attention of future groups. To investigate this important phenomenon, we conduct a qualitative study of how entrepreneurs extend processes of storytelling to industry analysts, a key stakeholder group for digital ventures. We develop a model that conceptualises the way industry analysts probe and problematise the storytelling processes entrepreneurs put forward – which encourages their revision. Our key finding is that entrepreneurs struggle to move beyond the initial investor pitch and understand the expectations of industry analyst briefings. Still, they can repair connections with this audience through revising stories. We advance contributions to cultural entrepreneurship research on framing, audience expectations and story replotting.
Effects of balance training on functionality, ankle instability, and dynamic balance outcomes in people with chronic ankle instability: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mollà-Casanova Sara , Inglés Marta , Serra-Añó Pilar
Published: June 2021

Aim:

To identify the effects of balance and strength training on function, ankle instability and dynamic balance in people with chronic ankle instability.

Method:

The search was conducted on randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of balance training or strength training in people with chronic ankle instability compared to a control group. Therefore, a systematic electronic search was performed until April 2021 in Pubmed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Embase databases. Moreover, an additional search was further performed checking the reference lists of the selected articles. The main outcomes were ankle instability, functionality, and dynamic balance. Finally, a qualitative and quantitative synthesis was performed.

Results:

Fifteen randomized controlled trials with 457 volunteers were included. Compared to regular exercise, balance training demonstrated to be more effective in terms of improving functionality (0.81 (0.48, 1.14)), ankle instability (0.77 (0.27, 1.26)), and dynamic balance (0.83 (0.57, 1.10)) outcomes. However, when compared to strength training, the effectiveness of balance training was only greater in terms of the functionality outcome (0.49 (0.06, 0.92)), since no differences were found for instability (0.43 (0.00, 0.85)) and dynamic balance (0.21 (−0.15, 0.58)).

Conclusions:

Based on fair-to-high quality evidence, balance training significantly improves functionality, instability, and dynamic balance outcomes in people with chronic ankle instability Moreover, results of the comparison between balance training versus strength training suggest that the former achieves greater benefits for functionality, but not for instability and dynamic balance.

Systematic review registration number:

CRD42021224179.
Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for suspected adrenal mass in lung cancer: ganglioneuroma
Authors: Gokten Ozgur Elvan
Published: June 2021

Background:

Adrenalectomy is the gold standard for the treatment of primary adrenal ganglioneuroma. Preoperative differential diagnosis of ganglioneuroma is difficult and histopathologic examination is required to confirm the diagnosis.

Patient:

A 61-year-old woman, who was followed and treated by the medical oncology department because of lung carcinoma pathology squamous cell T4N0Mx, presented to our clinic due to a 15×8-mm nodule with a calculated relative wash-out rate of 40% in the right adrenal gland lateral edge, which was observed on computed tomography examination.

Conclusion:

Adrenal ganglioneuroma is a rarely seen, hormonally inactive, benign tumor. Final diagnosis can be made with histopathologic examination. Adrenalectomy is the standard treatment preferred for ganglioneuroma. Knowing the clinical appearance and good pathologic specialization are important adjunct matters in diagnosis. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy has become the gold standard in most patients with adrenal tumors.
Impact of Concrete Mix Ingredients and Surface Treatments on Epoxy Overlay Performance
Authors: Mazumder Abul Fazal , Amunugama Harsha , Attanayake Upul
Published: June 2021

Epoxy overlays are applied on bridge decks after curing concrete in patches and repairs for 28 days. A tensile bond pull-off strength of at least 250 pounds per square inch (psi) is expected from a properly applied overlay. Even though the overlay performance at room temperature is mostly satisfactory, the performance at elevated temperatures is not convincing. The degradation of mechanical and adhesion properties of epoxy, shear stress at the concrete/overlay interface caused by thermal incompatibility, and the interface moisture vapor pressure are the commonly cited parameters for poor bond strength at elevated temperatures. A combined effect of these parameters results in the most unfavorable failure mode (which is bond failure at the concrete/overlay interface) at a strength lower than the specified limit of 250 psi. The moisture migration through concrete depends on many factors including moisture content along the depth of concrete, pore microstructure, exposure condition, and drying period. This study investigated the impact of concrete mix ingredients and surface treatments on the thin epoxy overlay bond strength. The results show that the use of concrete mixes with slag and penetrating sealant pretreatment improves the bond strength.
Comparison of three different modalities for the treatment of bladder calculi by size
Authors: Yıldız Ali , Anıl Hakan , Erol İbrahim , Karamık Kaan , Erçil Hakan
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

Treatment recommendations for kidney or ureteral stones are based on stone size; however, this is uncertain for bladder stones. This study aims to determine the best approach to bladder stones based on their size.

Materials and methods:

We retrospectively analyzed 401 patients with bladder stones. Patients were divided into three different groups according to stone size (11–20 mm, 21–30 mm, 31–40 mm as groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively). Patients had transurethral cystolithotripsy (TUCL), percutaneous cystolithotripsy (PCCL), and open cystolithotomy (OCL) performed.

Results:

Stone fragments were removed completely in all patients. When catheter time, postoperative stay, and hematocrit decrease values were compared, the results were significantly higher for OCL in all three groups ( p: 0.001). When the relationship between stone sizes and operation time is evaluated, TUCL had shorter operation times (34.1 ± 10.6 min) in group 1. However, TUCL had longer operation times in group 2 and group 3 compared to OCL and PCCL.

Conclusion:

TUCL may be preferable due to better postoperative outcomes and shorter operative time for ⩽2 cm stones. As the stone size increases, PCCL is more favorable in terms of operation time.
Discharge of lithium-ion batteries in salt solutions for safer storage, transport, and resource recovery
Authors: Torabian Mohammad Mahdi , Jafari Milad , Bazargan Alireza
Published: June 2021

The use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has grown in recent years, making them a promising source of secondary raw materials due to their rich composition of valuable materials, such as Cobalt and Nickel. Recycling LIBs can help reduce fossil energy consumption, CO2 emissions, environmental pollution, and consumption of valuable materials with limited supplies. On the other hand, the hazards associated with spent LIBs recycling are mainly due to fires and explosions caused by unwanted short-circuiting. The high voltage and reactive components of end-of-life LIBs pose safety hazards during mechanical processing and crushing stages, as well as during storage and transportation. Electrochemical discharge using salt solutions is a simple, quick, and inexpensive way to eliminate such hazards. In this paper, three different salts (NaCl, Na2S, and MgSO4) from 12% to 20% concentration are investigated as possible candidates. The effectiveness of discharge was shown to be a function of molarity rather than ionic strength of the solution. Experiments also showed that the use of ultrasonic waves can dramatically improve the discharge process and reduce the required time more than 10-fold. This means that the drainage time was reduced from nearly 1 day to under 100 minutes. Finally, a practical setup in which the tips of the batteries are directly immersed inside the salt solution is proposed. This creative configuration can fully discharge the batteries in less than 5 minutes. Due to the fast discharge rates in this configuration, sedimentation and corrosion are also almost entirely avoided.
STEM-Focused Career Courses and College Pipeline for Students with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Freeman Jennifer A. , Gottfried Michael A. , Plasman Jay Stratte
Published: June 2021

Recent educational policies in the United States have fostered the growth of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) career-focused courses to support high school students’ persistence into these fields in college and beyond. As one key example, federal legislation has embedded new types of “applied STEM” (AS) courses into the career and technical education curriculum (CTE), which can help students persist in STEM through high school and college. Yet, little is known about the link between AS-CTE coursetaking and college STEM persistence for students with learning disabilities (LDs). Using a nationally representative data set, we found no evidence that earning more units of AS-CTE in high school influenced college enrollment patterns or major selection in non-AS STEM fields for students with LDs. That said, students with LDs who earned more units of AS-CTE in high school were more likely to seriously consider and ultimately declare AS-related STEM majors in college.
Control of humping phenomenon and analyzing mechanical properties of Al–Si wire-arc additive manufacturing fabricated samples using cold metal transfer process
Authors: Koli Yashwant , Yuvaraj N , Sivanandam Aravindan , Vipin
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, rapid prototyping is an emerging trend that is followed by industries and auto sector on a large scale which produces intricate geometrical shapes for industrial applications. The wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technique produces large scale industrial products which having intricate geometrical shapes, which is fabricated by layer by layer metal deposition. In this paper, the CMT technique is used to fabricate single-walled WAAM samples. CMT has a high deposition rate, lower thermal heat input and high cladding efficiency characteristics. Humping is a common defect encountered in the WAAM method which not only deteriorates the bead geometry/weld aesthetics but also limits the positional capability in the process. Humping defect also plays a vital role in the reduction of hardness and tensile strength of the fabricated WAAM sample. The humping defect can be controlled by using low heat input parameters which ultimately improves the mechanical properties of WAAM samples. Two types of path planning directions namely uni-directional and bi-directional are adopted in this paper. Results show that the optimum WAAM sample can be achieved by adopting a bi-directional strategy and operating with lower heat input process parameters. This avoids both material wastage and humping defect of the fabricated samples.
Experimental investigation on the performance degradation of helicopter rotor due to ice accretion
Authors: Huang Mingqi , Yuan Honggang , Wang Liangquan , Peng Xianmin , Liu Qinglin
Published: June 2021

Helicopter rotor performance can be significantly altered by ice accretion which directly degrades the handling qualities and safety during flight. To obtain understanding into the effect of ice accretion on a helicopter rotor in forward flight under different icing environments, an experimental campaign was conducted in an icing wind tunnel using a rotor model with diameter at 2 m. Research was emphasized on revealing effect of liquid water content and static temperature on the rotor performance degradation. The dynamic thrust and torque of the rotor were measured by a six-component balance. Ice shape of the airfoils at specific rotor blade spanwise locations was obtained through the ice cutting process; meanwhile, the entire ice topology on the blade was scanned by means of the three-dimensional scanning technique. Results showed that ice was mainly accreted on the leading edge and lower surface of the blade. The static temperature of a icing cloud has a noticeable effect on the regime of accreted ice. The ice formation was transparent glaze at −8°C and transformed to milky rime when changed the static temperature to −20°C. Comparing to rime ice, the glaze ice on the blade is more influential to the rotor performance degradation. Particular attention is given to the fact that under extreme icing conditions, over 30% degradation of transient rotor thrust was observed.
Gender Inequality and Well-Being: Concepts and Their Measures Are Cultural Products—A Reflection on Li et al. (2021)
Authors: Markus Hazel Rose
Published: June 2021

This Further Reflections piece was invited by the Editors of the journal to provide additional consideration of some of the significant issues under study in “Culture Moderates the Relation Between Gender Inequality and Well-Being” (Li et al., 2021) available online at https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620972492 and on pages 823 to 835 of this issue. Further Reflections are not commentaries on a particular article, though they are inspired by one. Rather, they provide broader perspectives on issues considered in Research Articles, beyond those that authors are able to provide in the Introduction and Discussion sections of their articles. The Editors’ objective with Further Reflections is that they will raise the level of conversation around psychological issues of societal importance. Further Reflections are by invitation only.
Synthetic glass and jute fabric reinforced soy-based biocomposites: Development and characterization
Authors: Behera Ajaya Kumar , Mohanty Chirasmayee , Das Nigamananda
Published: June 2021

In this work, both glass fabric and jute fabric reinforced nanoclay modified soy matrix-based composites were developed and characterized. Glass fabric (60 wt.%) reinforced composite showed maximum tensile strength of 70.2 MPa and thermal stability up to 202°C, which are 82.8% and 12.2% higher than those observed with corresponding jute composite. Water absorption and contact angle values of glass-soy specimens were tested, and found composites are water stable. Biodegradation study of composites under soil burial condition revealed that glass-soy composite with 40 wt.% glass fabric lost maximum 32.6% of its original weight after 60 days of degradation. The developed glass fabric-soy hybrid composites with reasonable mechanical, thermal, and hydrolytic stability can be used in different sectors as an alternative to the nondegradable thermoplastic reinforced glass fabric composites.
Extreme Interaction Among Human–Environment–Equipment: A Pilot Study on the Ergonomic Design of Military Snow Boots
Authors: Bhattacharyya Debojyoti , Pal Madhusudan , Chatterjee Tirthankar , Varshney Rajeev
Published: June 2021

The Indian soldiers guard the border regions located at extreme elevations in cold, often snow-covered conditions. Protecting their feet from life-threatening cold injuries is a primary objective as well as a matter of national security. As a solution, a new cold-condition “snow boot” design based on ergonomic principles was developed indigenously. The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of the newly developed snow boot through the application of both objective and subjective tools. The new snow boot was as effective as an existing imported boot. Users preferred the new design and appreciated the boot’s relative lightweight.
Measuring Irritability in Early Childhood: A Psychometric Evaluation of the Affective Reactivity Index in a Clinical Sample of 3- to 8-Year-Old Children
Authors: Wilson Maria K. , Cornacchio Danielle , Brotman Melissa A. , Comer Jonathan S.
Published: June 2021

The parent-report Affective Reactivity Index (ARI-P) is the most studied brief scale specifically developed to assess irritability, but relatively little is known about its performance in early childhood (i.e., ≤8 years). Support in such populations is particularly important given developmental shifts in what constitutes normative irritability across childhood. We examined the performance of the ARI-P in a diverse, treatment-seeking sample of children ages 3 to 8 years ( N = 115; mean age = 5.56 years; 58.4% from ethnic/racial minority backgrounds). In this sample, confirmatory factor analysis supported the single-factor structure of the ARI-P previously identified with older youth. ARI-P scores showed large associations with another irritability index, as well as small-to-large associations with aggression, anxiety, depression, and attention problems, supporting the convergent and concurrent validity of the ARI-P when used with children in this younger age range. Findings support the ARI-P as a promising parent-report tool for assessing irritability in early childhood, particularly in clinical samples.
Predatory Policing, Intersectional Subjection, and the Experiences of LGBTQ People of Color in New Orleans
Authors: Gaynor Tia Sherèe , Blessett Brandi
Published: June 2021

Much of the disparate outcomes experienced by lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other identities along the spectrum (LGBTQ+) people of color are directly linked to the practices of public actors and through institutional policies. This is perhaps no truer than for LGBTQ+ individuals of color in their interactions with police. This article argues that intersectional subjection fosters an environment prime for predatory policing and uses it as a framework to examine perceptions of predatory policing practices and its role in the exploitation of LGBTQ+ people of color in New Orleans. Research findings suggest that participants perceive predatory policing as part of the everyday practices of the New Orleans Police Department, where modes of power and social control tactics are regularly used to maintain systems of oppression. Ultimately, the goal of this project is to use the lived experience to explore the presence of predatory policing to understand how it has contributed to the marginalization of LGBTQ+ identifying individuals of color.
Corneal densitometry in patients with keratoconus undergoing intrastromal Ferrara ring implantation
Authors: Rodrigues Pablo Felipe , Moscovici Bernardo Kaplan , Ferrara Guilherme , Lamazales Luciano , Freitas Marcela Mara Silva , Torquetti Leonardo , Ambrósio Renato , Gomes José Alvaro Pereira
Published: June 2021

Objective:

Evaluation of central corneal densitometry changes following Ferrara corneal ring segment implantation in patients with keratoconus, especially the correlation between corneal densitometry and keratometry.

Methods:

Retrospective, non-comparative, interventional study based on the review of medical records of patients diagnosed with keratoconus who underwent Ferrara corneal ring segment implantation. Pre and post-operative corneal densitometry measurements obtained with Pentacam HR (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) were analyzed. The follow-up time was 3 months, and data comparison was made, using specific statistical analysis, with the data of 3 months postoperatively.

Results:

The study sample consisted of 43 eyes of 36 patients. The mean corrected visual acuity improved from 0.82 LogMAR preoperatively (SD ± 0.33) to 0.19 LogMAR (SD ± 0.13) postoperatively. The mean spherical equivalent varied from −4.63 (SD ± 3.94) preoperatively to −2.16 (SD ± 2.63) postoperatively. Asphericity varied from −0.69 (SD ± 0.32) preoperatively to −0.27 (SD ± 0.31) postoperatively. The mean maximum K was 54.01D (SD ± 3.38) preoperatively and 51.50D (SD ± 2.90) postoperatively. The mean anterior densitometric value was 18.26 (SD ± 2.03) preoperatively and 17.66 (SD ± 1.84) postoperatively.

Conclusion:

Corneal densitometry is an interesting technology that should be studied in keratoconus patients. Our results suggest that the corneal densitometry in the cornea’s anterior layer reduces after ICRS implantation and correlates with corneal keratometry. Further studies should be performed to increase the knowledge in this field.
Diffusion of innovations: a guiding framework for public health
Authors: Iqbal Meesha , Zahidie Aysha
Published: June 2021

Exploring the behavior change process has been of interest and importance to public health professionals, to translate research into practice. Diffusion of innovations (DOI) model has been extensively applied in public health to examine the process by which innovation is passively communicated to individuals and groups. It builds on a staged model of awareness, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation; and categorizes communities into innovators (2.5%), early adopters (13.5%), early majority (34%), late majority (34%) and laggards (16%). It reflects on the diversity of strategies to be applied for different cadres of the society to bring about a wholistic change. Nonetheless, DOI suffers from ‘pro-innovation’ and ‘individual blame’ bias, as it fails to account for the influence of societal, cultural, and extraneous factors affecting individual behavior change. The social networks theory (SNT) in contrast, explains behavior change based on social networks and their influences. It builds on the constructs of homophily, centralization, reciprocity, transitivity, and density; and fills the void in the DOI model. We suggest public health professionals to combine the constructs of DOI and SNT in rolling out behavior change interventions, to yield a comprehensive approach.
Determinants of transition from partial to full disability pension: A register study from Finland
Authors: Polvinen Anu , Laaksonen Mikko
Published: June 2021

Aims: This study explored the rate of transition from partial to full disability pension (DP) and aimed to determine whether age, sex, education, employment status, employment sector, pension type and medical cause of disability were associated with transition to full DP during a four-year follow-up. Methods: We used register data, including a 70% random sample of partial disability pensioners aged 20–58 at the time that their partial DP started in 2010 or 2011 ( N=5277). Competing risk analysis was used to estimate sub-hazard ratios (SHR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for full DP. Results: One third of partial disability pensioners transitioned to full DP during the four-year follow-up. More than half (52%) continued on partial DP, and 15% were in some other state. Men, older people, those with low education levels, those whose pension was granted until further notice and those whose pension was due to mental disorders (MD) proceeded to full DP more often than others. The SHR for full DP was 1.62 (95% CI 1.43–1.83) among partial disability pensioners with MD and 1.15 (95% CI 1.02–1.28) among partial disability pensioners with other diseases compared to those whose pension was granted due to musculoskeletal diseases. Conclusions: Partial DP is a relatively stable state, and moving to full DP is relatively rare. However, male sex, older age, low education level, a pension granted until further notice and partial DP due to MD are important risk factors for full DP. The risk factors for ending up on full DP varies by diagnosis and pension type.
Preface: Shifting Career Realities and Navigating Career Journeys
Authors: Hughes Claretha , Niu Yuanlu
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19, worldwide pandemic forced organization leaders and employees to shift their career realities. They had to determine ways to navigate their career journeys more rapidly. Human resource development (HRD) scholars and professionals are in positions to assist organization leaders and employees as they seek to succeed in their careers. The researchers are providing career theories, ideas, and recommendations for HRD scholars and professionals to expand their understanding of career development during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. Technological changes, remote work experiences, and psychological well-being are but a few of the challenges that have been exacerbated by the pandemic and are affecting the career journeys of organization leaders and employees. This article provides an overview of ways that the authors attempt to solve these concerns and help HRD scholars and professionals help organizations adjust to the shifting career realities.
Minor Feelings in the Wake of the Atlanta Attack: How a Mom of Asian Descent Spent the First 100 hours in the Aftermath
Authors: Zhao Pengfei
Published: June 2021

This autoethnographic writing documents how a family of Chinese descent spent their first 100 hours after the Atlanta Shooting on March 16, 2021, in which a White gunman killed eight people, including six Asian women. It bears witness to the rise of the anti-Asian racism in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic and offers a snapshot of the private life of a family of Asian descent in the dawn of the Stop Asian Hate Movement. Drawing on Korean American poet Cathy Park Hong’s term minor feelings, this essay explores how emotions, rooted in racialized lived experience and triggered by the mass shooting, evolved, shifted, and fueled the sentiments that gave rise to the Stop Asian Hate Movement. Compared with the more visible violence against Asians and Asian Americans displayed on social media, it interrogates the less visible traumatic experience that haunts Asian and Asian American communities.