bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN MODIFIKASI MEDIA KARDUS DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEMBELAJARAN LOMPAT JAUH PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: BRAMANTHA HELDIE , SYARIFAH MUFARRAHATUS
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini dilator belakangi rendahnya keaktifan dan gerak dasar lompat dalam pembelajaran lompat jauh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani materi pokok lompat jauh dengan menggunakan media kardus pada siswa kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Negeri 3 Mangaran Kecamatan Mangaran Kabupaten Situbondo. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV di SDN 3 Mangaran Kecamatan Mangaran Kabupaten Situbondo dengan jumlah total 14 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu proses lompat jauh. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa lebih antusias, aktif, tidak malas, dan merasa senang. Sedangka nnilai kuantitatif dapat dilihat dari hasil tes unjuk kerja teknik dasar lompat jauh, nilai rerata siswa siklus I pertemuan pertama 69,9 dan siswa yang mencapai KKM (Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal) 64,3 dari ketentuan sekolah yaitu 70. Pada kedua meningkat menjadi 78,9 dan siswa yang mencapai KKM (Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal) 88,1. Hasil ini sangat meningkat dibandingkan dengan hasil tes unjuk kerja siswa kelas IV prasiklus yang dapat dilihat dari hasil tes unjuk teknik dasar lompat jauh nilai reratanya 67,8 dan siswa yang mencapai KKM hanya 52% tuntas dari ketentuan KKM sekolah yaitu 70. Media kardus dapat mendorong siswa lebih aktif serta lebih merangsang siswa dalam menguasai gerak lompat jauh, pada pembelajaran gerak dasar lompat jauh. Pembelajaran menarik minat, semangat dan partisipasi siswa untuk menguasai gerak dasar lompat jauh dan partisipasi siswa untuk menguasai gerak dasar lompat jauh.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Chest Pass Dengan Menggunakan Metode Bermain Triangle Pada Siswa Kelas VIII MTsN Banyuwangi
Authors: Ryan Bintang Sanjaya Putra  , Dadang Mubin  , Arya T Candra
Published: October 2019

Model penelitian action research merupakan model penelitian tindakan kelas yang bertujuan memberikan solusi dalam proses pembelajaran oleh guru terhadap siswa.  Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (action research). Dalam penelitian ini terdapat empat tahapan penting yaitu: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Banyaknya siklus yang digunakan tergantung tindakan tersebut dianggap cukup atau belum pada permasalahan pembelajaran chest pass yang perlu dipecahkan. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan 2 siklus. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini menggunakan tiga aspek yaitu kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor.  Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah metode bermain triangle dan teknik dasar bola basket yaitu chest pass.  Subyek penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII b MTsN 4 Banyuwangi tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Di awal pembelajaran menunjukan bahwa nilai akhir 70% yang masih dibawah KKM yang sudah ditentukan, sedangkan pada siklus 1 mengalami peningkatan dengan hasil akhir 75,57% dan untuk siklus 2 mengalami peningkatan dengan hasil akhir 80,63%. Adanya perbedaan pada awal pembelajaran karena tidak diberikan tindakan oleh peneliti  sedangkan siklus 1 dan siklus 2 diberikan tindakan dengan menggunakan metode bermain triangle agar siswa tidak mengalami bosan saat pembelajaran berlangsung serta dapat mengeluarkan kemampuannya secara maksimal.
Evaluasi Pembelajaran Penjasorkes SMP Negeri di Kecamatan Ampelgading Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Faisal Kusuma Hadi
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani, Olahraga dan Kesehatan (Penjasorkes) di SMP Negeri se-Ampelgading Malang serta menghasilkan rekomendasi bagi para pengambil keputusan untuk menindaklanjuti program pembelajaran yang telah berjalan. Model evaluasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model evaluasi CIPP dengan menggunakan teknik analisis statistik deskriptif dengan persentase. Teknik ini digunakan untuk menganalisis data yang diperoleh dari hasil penyebaran angket, dan menggunakan model yang dikembangkan oleh  Daniel Stufflebeam (1967), yakni (1) context, (2) input, (3) process, dan (4) product atau yang disebut dengan CIPP. Data dikumpulkan dari hasil observasi, wawancara, angket, studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel keseluruhan SMPN 1 Ampelgading memperoleh persentase 70% dengan kriteria baik, SMPN 2 Ampelgading memperoleh 76% dengan kriteria baik, SMPN 3 Ampelgading memperoleh 73% dengan kriteria baik, SMPN 4  Ampelgading memperoleh 64% dengan kriteria baik, SMPN 5 Ampelgading memperoleh 62% dengan kriteria baik. Berdasarkan hasil data tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara keseluruhan pembelajaran pendidikan seluruh SMP Negeri di Kecamatan Ampelgading Kabupaten Malang berada pada kriteria baik. Rekomendasi berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini adalah melanjutkan program pembelajaran, akan tetapi disertai dengan revisi pada beberapa variabel.
A Descriptive Study on the Seventh Grade students’ Reading Comprehension Achievement at SMP SUNAN GIRI CLURING in the 2013/2014 Academic Year
Authors: Yuanita Tersia Dara
Published: October 2019

In this research, the researcher wanted to describe about the students’reading comprehension achievement. This research design was applied ondescriptive quantitative research. The respondent was the seventh classstudents at SMP Sunan Giri CLuring in 2013/2014 Academic Year. The totalrespondent was 22 students from one class determined through population. The primary data was a reading comprehension test as an achievement testin the form of multiple choices. The result was analyzed statistically inpercentage then descriptively which presented the students’ scores for theirachievement in Literal Reading Comprehension, and Inferential ReadingComprehension. The secondary data was taken from the documentationand interview. The results of the research showed that the seventh class students’ achievement in reading comprehension is good (73,4%). The details are good(75,4%) for Literal Reading comprehension. And was fair (67,2%) for InferentialReading comprehension. The students get the lowest achievement for Inferential ReadingComprehension and the highest achievement for Literal ReadingComprehension. The students need to improve their vocabulary in order tomake them easier in reading comprehension especially for InferentialReading Comprehension.
An Analysis on William Ernest Henley’s Invictus
Authors: Malinda Ayu
Published: October 2019

The research is an analysis the poem structure of William Ernest Henley Invictus. The purpose of this research is to understand the structure that used in thepoem of William Ernest Henley Invictus. The data were taken fromdocumentation of Invictus poem and biographical of the poet. Theresearcher used objective approach as data analysis method. The structureof poetry is consisting of two structures, namely; physical structure and innerstructure. The physical structure is consisting of six sections, they are diction,imagery, concrete word, figurative language, version and typography. While, the inner structure is divide on four proportion they are theme, tone, feelingand mandate. To make a good poetry the poet should pay attention in theelements of poetry, especially the structure of poetry.
Democracia e Deliberação Pública em John Rawls
Authors: Danner Fernando
Published: October 2019

Neste artigo, eu analiso a concepção de democracia deliberativa de Rawls. Alguns autores da democracia deliberativa argumentaram que o objetivo de Rawls em Uma Teoria da Justiça é o problema da justiça social, não o da legitimidade do poder político. Penso, ao contrário, que esta obra oferece ao menos duas ideias constitutivas da noção de democracia deliberativa: a primeira é que a posição original é entendida como um sistema justo de justificação pública; o segundo é que a posição original baseia-se nas ideias de imparcialidade, reciprocidade e racionalidade. No Liberalismo Político, Rawls introduz a ideia de “razão pública”, oferecendo, assim, uma justificação completa de sua concepção de justiça política. Numa sociedade marcada pelo fato do pluralismo razoável, as questões mais importantes em termos de justiça devem ser tratadas por meio da argumentação e da deliberação político- pública, sem apelo a uma concepção moral abrangente (ou metafísica).
Alteridade Indígena
Authors: Dorrico Julie
Published: October 2019

Este ensaio visa discutir o conceito de alteridade em/para/desde a América Latina, com o objetivo de se pensar a literatura indígena na contemporaneidade, especificamente no Brasil. Nesse sentido, este ensaio organiza-se em dois momentos: o primeiro reflete a colonização na América Latina e a alteridade adveniente dela; e o segundo se pauta na análise da obra A queda do céu: palavras de um xamã yanomami que, enquanto literatura indígena, apresenta suas próprias especificidades e uma alteridade no contexto ameríndio. Baseando-me em autores que pensam os estudos culturais voltados à América Latina, como o grupo modernidade/colonialidade e autores relacionados a ele, argumento que a obra A queda do céu se autoafirma enquanto alteridade ameríndia, ao passo que promove uma reflexão para desconstruir imaginários e estereótipos sobre os povos tradicionais, possibilitando pensar lugares periféricos frente ao discurso do eurocentrismo.
O “overlapping consensus” rawlsiano
Authors: Vargas Sara Sofia Lúcio
Published: October 2019

O sistema político democrático parece alimentar-se de um dissenso, parecendo o sistema tanto mais democrático quanto mais espaço abrir àquilo a que John Rawls denominou de “o facto do pluralismo (razoável)” – the fact of (reasonable) pluralism. Contudo, e não obstante, é sugerida uma necessidade de encontrar um consenso político, pelo menos uma base mínima de entendimento, como uma base de unidade política. Rawls concebe, neste quadro, um “consenso por sobreposição” (overlapping consensus). Neste artigo procuraremos descrever em que consiste o consenso proposto por Rawls como possibilidade de um consenso político. Procuraremos descrever as particularidades que o podem diferenciar de outro(s) tipo(s) de consenso sem deixar de indagar sobre a necessidade de um tal consenso e em que contexto, para que sociedade.
A Dialética do Esclarecimento faz 70 Anos
Authors: Cei Vitor
Published: October 2019

O principal objetivo desta entrevista com o Professor Rodrigo Duarte é compartilhar com os leitores da revista Opinião Filosófica uma importante efeméride da filosofia mundial: os setenta anos da Dialética do Esclarecimento, de Theodor Adorno e Max Horkheimer, escrita na Califórnia em 1944, mas publicada em 1947 pela Editora Querido, de Amsterdam. Ainda que sete décadas tenham se passado, trazendo a emergência de novos tipos de vida social, o aparecimento de novos traços formais na vida cultural e a consolidação de uma nova ordem econômica mundial, a obra permanece atual. Duarte, pesquisador da obra de Adorno, mostra que os conceitos do filósofo alemão são instrumentos epistemológicos com os quais podemos fundamentar uma crítica da cultura contemporânea.
Uma leitura acerca da Ciência da Lógica como Filosofia Primeira de Hegel
Authors: Acosta Lucas Giovan Gomes
Published: October 2019

A Ciência da Lógica é, propriamente falando uma Filosofia Primeira, voltada á interrogação do conhecimento, sobre o ser e suas determinações categoriais. Com a Lógica hegeliana propõe-se uma série de encadeamentos categoriais que expressão o próprio movimento do real. Sendo a Lógica um livro que trata de categorias e da forma como elas vão desenvolver-se – uma deduzida da outra – Hegel, nessa perspectiva não estaria somente fazendo um Organon no sentido aristotélico, mas um Organon diretamente acoplado a filosofia primeira, voltada para a indagação do ser, do começo do saber, e de como atribuir a existência a algo pensado. É nesse sentido que, o presente escrito tem por objetivo fazer uma análise a partir de uma indagação sobre as diferentes acepções do começo, e de como a atualidade da filosofia hegeliana ganha particular relevância.
A vontade geral e o sistema autogestionário
Authors: Da Rosa Luiz Carlos Mariano
Published: October 2019

Consistindo em um processo ético-jurídico de deliberação coletiva, o que se impõe à manifestação da Vontade Geral como um fenômeno histórico-cultural é a condição de imanência que a caracteriza em um movimento dinâmico-dialético que demanda uma formação econômico-social que possibilite a emergência de valores e práticas, condutas e comportamentos, necessidades e objetivos que, tendo como fundamento o interesse comum, se lhe correspondam, convergindo para uma forma de autodeterminação que guarda possibilidade de promover a superação da alienação das capacidades humanas no contexto das relações socioprodutivas, a saber, a autogestão. Tal experiência social de autodeterminação coletiva, conforme assinala o artigo, envolve tanto a esfera política quanto o âmbito econômico (trabalho) e encerra a noção que implica desde a igualdade substancial (concreta) até a efetiva participação política, sobrepondo-se ao viés mercadológico da organização econômico-social vigente e à estrutura burocrática corporificada pelo Estado no sistema capitalista.
O Jovem Karl Marx. Direção: Raoul Peck (2017). 118 minutos. Produção: Alemanha, França, Bélgica.
Authors: Madarasz Norman
Published: October 2019

O Jovem Karl Marx. Direção: Raoul Peck (2017). 118 minutos.Produção: Alemanha, França, Bélgica.
O PODER DE POLÍCIA DO CORPO DE BOMBEIROS MILITAR DE MINAS GERAIS E O PARECER Nº 15.719/2016 DA ADVOCACIA-GERAL DO ESTADO: UMA ANÁLISE DOS DESAFIOS PARA CONSTATAÇÃO DO RISCO IMINENTE À LUZ DOS PRINCÍPIOS DA PREVENÇÃO E EFICIÊNCIA
Authors: Moreira da Silva Pedro Henrique , Gonçalves Pedro Henrique Cordeiro
Published: October 2019

A pesquisa pretende discutir a atuação do Corpo de Bombeiros Militar de Minas Gerais (CBMMG) na prevenção de incêndios e pânico. Recorrendo à análise da legislação e à pesquisa bibliográfica, serão apresentados os termos do parecer nº 15.719/2016, da AGE, que aponta a limitação do Poder de Polícia do CBMMG, com relação a possibilidade de interdição de estabelecimentos não regulares perante as normas técnicas tão somente quando constatado o risco iminente. Não obstante, considerando-se a ausência de critérios objetivos para constatação da iminência de sinistros, questiona-se acerca da inviabilização da eficiência da atuação do CBMMG – o que se busca referendar pela invocação dos termos da Notícia de Fato MPMG nº.0024.18.021980-0. Nesse sentido, formula-se a hipótese de que os limites para a interdição de edificações – além de onerar os servidores com a responsabilidade da discricionariedade – afetam a eficiência das normas técnicas de segurança, em desacordo com os fundamentos principiológicos do Direito Administrativo Ambiental – o que justifica a pesquisa.
ANIMAIS NÃO HUMANOS: DIREITO À VIDA E À DIGNIDADE
Authors: Pozzetti Valmir Cesar , Braga Elizabeth Beatriz Rodrigues
Published: October 2019

ResumoO objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o uso de animais no cotidiano humano e verificar de que forma o poder público, por meio de suas atribuições legais, conseguiria garantir a proteção devida aos animais não humanos. A metodologia utilizada foi o método dedutivo; quanto aos meios, a pesquisa foi a bibliográfica e, quanto aos fins, qualitativa. A conclusão a que se chegou foi a de que é necessária a edição de legislações especiais e protetivas aos animais não humanos e que se faz necessário a aplicação na íntegra do disposto na Declaração dos Direitos dos Animais da Unesco, pois ela garante aos animais direitos básicos como descanso, direito à alimentação e a restrição aos trabalhos forçados.
Teologi Ahmadiyah
Authors: Nawawi Abdul Muid
Published: October 2019

Tidak  bisa  dipungkiri  kebesaran  Ahmadiyah  karena pengikutnya yang banyak bahkan membuatnya dianggap oleh sebagian Islamolog sebagai bagian dari warna Islam selain Sunni dan  Syiah.  Tulisan  ini  tidak  akan  menelusuri  kembali  absah tidaknya  Ahmadiyah  tetapi  lebih kepada  memahami  bagaimana Ahmadiyah dengan melihat pada latar belakang seperti apa yang membuat Ahmadiyah bisa timbul ke permukaan lalu menyebar ke seluruh penjuru  dunia lewat sudut pandang sosio-teologis. Untuk itu, tulisan ini mengetengahkan Ahmadiyah dalam konsep-konsep seperti Messianisme, Mahdiisme, dan aliran pembaruan. Penyebaran Ahmadiyah ditentukan  oleh momentum  yang tepat dan aktivisme yang kuat oleh para pengikutnya
Big Tech Acquisitions and the Potential Competition Doctrine: The Case of Facebook
Authors: Glick Mark , Ruetschlin Catherine
Published: October 2019

The Big Tech companies, including Google, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft and Apple, have individually and collectively engaged in an unprecedented number of acquisitions. When a dominant firm purchases a start-up that could be a future entrant and thereby increase competitive rivalry, it raises a potential competition issue. Unfortunately, the antitrust law of potential competition mergers is ill-equipped to address tech mergers. We contend that the Chicago School’s assumptions and policy prescriptions hobbled antitrust law and policy on potential competition mergers. We illustrate this problem with the example of Facebook. Facebook has engaged in 90 completed acquisitions in its short history (documented in the Appendix to this paper). Many antitrust commentators have focused on the Instagram and WhatsApp acquisitions as cases of mergers that have reduced potential competition. We show the impotence of the potential competition doctrine applied to these two acquisitions. We suggest that the remedy for Chicago School damage to the potential competition doctrine is a return to an empirically tractable structural approach to potential competition mergers.
PERAN PEREMPUAN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI DAERAH PADA UMKM
Authors: Sumarmawati Eka Dewi , Rachman Arif Nugroho
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this research is to test the influence gender differences, level of education and business age to income of Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Solo Raya. This researcher will analyze the influence gender  differences, the level of education and business age towards the income of SMEs in Solo Raya. There are more than 960 SMEs managed by government of Solo Raya. In order to analyze the data, the collection of data is done through survey and interview to the owners of SMEs in Solo Raya. The researcher utilizes ordinary linier regression analysis SPSS program while the sample size is 150 owners of SMEs. Results show that gender, level of education and business age differences significantly influences the income of the SMEs.
OVERPAID DAN UNDERPAID DALAM SISTEM PENGUPAHAN DAN SOLUSINYA
Authors: Kiswoyo Kiswoyo
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to find an alternative solution, to â€œreturn to the right pathâ€ with the wages of employees of PT Asia Pacific Fibers, Inc. which is outside the structure and pay scales (overpaid and underpaid). For employees whose wages are above the wage structure, certainly can not necessarily reduce the underpaid wages and vice versa can not be added just like that. The argument must be given a reasonable and acceptable to all parties. This argument not only for the 32 people who are outside the wage structure of wages. But it also applies to other employees. For those whose wages are above the wage structure, attempted to hold / pressed  so that the gap is too wide. As for who is under the wage structure should be encouraged to enter the structure and pay scales range.The argument in question is to provide wage adjustment mechanism that is acceptable to all parties. Managing underpaid and overpaid very closely with wage adjustments each year conducted by the company. Population as well as Sample is an employee of PT Asia Pacific Fiber, Inc Kaliwungu some 32 people. The data was collected by interviews, gathering documents and questionnaires to dissect the background of the respondents. With this study, the expected structure and pay scales can be maintained so that the overpaid and underpaid does not existancy more.
PENGARUH KONFLIK PERAN DAN STRES KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN
Authors: Astono Ari Dwi , Ristanto Hesti , Haryanik Dwi
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study was to find out and analyze the influence of role conflict and work stress on employee performance, the population in this study were employees of the sewing department of PT Glory Industrial  Semarang II, the study respondents consisted of 96 employees. Research data obtained from the results of questionnaires. The equation model is processed with the SPSS application, the results of the study can be concluded that: a) Role conflict positive and non-significant effect on employee performance, b) Job stress has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, c) Simultaneous role and work stress conflict have a significant effect on employee performance.
Metode Ijtihad Komisi Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia
Authors: Abd. Rahman Rahmat
Published: October 2019

The Fatwa Commision and the National Sharia Council are two institutions under the central of Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI). Its primary function is to issue fatwa (a binding ruling in religious matters) related with the fnance activities or product and sharia fnance service. The mechanism in making fatwa decision in both institutions under the Indonesian Ulame Council have a similarity in the collective Ijtihād (jama’i) by using the Ijtihād methodology such as bayani, ta’lili (qiyasi, istihsani, ilhaqi) and istihlasi. This method is used specially for contemporery matters or the matters are not discussed yet in detail among the mazhab ulame (school of thought concerning muslim law).Keyword : Ijtihād, Fatwa
Muhammadiyah Paradigma Gerakan Sosial Keagamaan
Authors: Saguni Muhammad Kasim
Published: October 2019

Muhammadiyah is one of the Islamic mass organizations establish in the 1912s and has operated in many aspects of life including religion, social, education, healthcare, and politic. In addition, Muhammadiyah has big impacts on determining the decisions and policies of the Indonesian elites. This journal analyzes history of the establishment and the development of Muhammmadiyah specifcally on the eﬀorts conducted by Muhammadiyah, adopted religious paradigm, prominent figures reactions to Muhammadiyah
Sejarah Mazhab Fikih di Asia Tenggara
Authors: Ikhsan Muhammad
Published: October 2019

This study explains the historical aspects of the spread of Islamic Jurisprudence in South East Asia which cannot be separated from the history of the spread ofIslam itself in Southeast Asia. It also describes the existence of Islamic jurisprudence as indicated by the intellectual works of Southeast Asian Islamic Jurisprudence scholars, especially in the Shafi'i School. The existence of Islamic jurisprudence was then developed in the form of influences that influence the National Constitution in South East Asia, especially in Indonesia, in the form of Compilation of Islamic Law.
Meluruskan Beberapa Persepsi tentang Poligami (Tafsir Surat al-Nisa' Ayat 3 dan 129)
Authors: Saguni Muhammad Kasim , Syandri
Published: October 2019

This study describes some false perceptions of polygamy based on the Qur'an Chapter An-Nisā ' verse no. 3 and 129. The method used in this study is library research. Various sources were collected to obtain data and facts. These data were collected sorted and selected and then analyzed to answer the first two main subjects: understanding and history of polygamy, second: correcting some of the wrong perceptions about polygamy. The results of this study indicate that polygamy is the marriage of a man with more than one woman, which has been widely known and practiced by the Muslim in various parts of the world. As for the false perception, the false perceptions are caused by lack of proper understanding about pure religious teachings according to the Qur'an, the Sunnah of the Prophet and the understanding of zealous and pious Islamic scholars. Another cause is due to the a priori behavior and lust. Moreover, the Muslim haters take advantage over te issue of polygamy to insult Islam with various heinous accusations where these insults coming from hate speech and dishonesty in judging this issue.
Komunikasi Dakwah Rasulullah : Telaah Surat–surat Rasulullah
Authors: Ramdani Fauziah
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to describe the background of letter’s used as a medium for da'wah by the Prophet Muhammad and the form of the Prophet Muhammad’s letters for da'wah conveyed to some rulers. To achieve this, the method employed was historical research. This type of research was qualitative using historical approach while the research specification was descriptive. The result shows that there were several reasons behind the sending of letters as a medium for da’wah by Prophet Muhammad to the rulers. First, sociologically it was due to the treaty of Hudaibiyah, then the successfulness of Prophet Muhammad in establishing people power in Medina, and the conflict between Emperor Heraclius and Khosrow Abrawiz, two rulers of two empires (those were Eastern Rome and Persian) which were the most powerful kingdoms in the earth. Second, politically, the letter of Prophet Muhammad had political nuance, that was to declare himself being the ruler of Medina. Third, theologically, it was the universality of Muhammad’s prophetic mission as the leader of the mankind, and the crisis of faith experienced by Negus (Ruler of Abyssinia) and Muqawqis (Ruler of Egypt). To sum up, the form of Prophet’ letters sent to the rulers were awesome, it is proven that the letters of the Prophet which were written by his secretary Zaid son of Thabit were always preceded with Basmalah, while the letters were addressed to disbelieving people. This study has implication on research or study on the importance of letter as a medium for da’wah of the Prophet which can possibly be a method of initiating and or developing da’wah in the present time.
Prevalencia de Sífilis en gestantes Villa Pagador 2015
Authors: Rusivel Tarciso , Soto Mauricio , Viscarra Tamara , Lafuente Luis , Agreda Mikael , Orellana Sarali
Published: October 2019

La Sífilis Congénita es una enfermedad que va en incremento a pesar de los controles, los estímulos y de la educación sexual brindada a la población el objetivo es establecer la prevalencia de Sífilis en mujeres embarazadas que acudieron para hacer sus controles prenatales al Hospital de Villa Pagador. Se realizó un estudio tipo retrospectivo, descriptivo de corte transversal. El grupo poblacional consiste en mujeres embarazadas que hicieron su control laboratorial antes de las 20 semanas de gestación. Durante el 2015 se hicieron laboratorio a 972 mujeres, 7 resultaron positivo, 1%. En el presente trabajo se encontró una prevalencia de sífilis materna en el hospital de Villa Pagador de 1%, menor a la prevalencia global de sífilis materna de 4,3% reportada para Bolivia en 1996
Prevalencia de enteroparasitosis en niños que recibieron atención en el hospital México, municipio de Sacaba
Authors: Moreira Eliseu , Oliveira Edgley , Do Vale José Roberto , De Melo Strelow Simone , Angulo Ramiro , Caceres Mijail
Published: October 2019

El propósito de este estudio es el de obtener datos sobre las enteroparasitosis prevalentes en los niños que recibieron atención e hicieron examen coproparasitologico en el Laboratorio Clínico del Hospital México en Sacaba; en el periodo de los meses de marzo y abril de 2014. Se recolectó una muestra de heces en 150 niños, con previo consentimiento del tutor legal. Se le realizó el análisis de laboratorio por examen directo microscópico y macroscópico utilizando Lugol al 1 %, solución salina al 0,83 %, solución salina-eosina. Los parásitos con potencial patógeno tuvieron las siguientes prevalencias: Entamoeba Histolytica 38%, Giardia lamblia 37 %, Entamoeba Coli 20%, Ascaris lumbricoides 100 %*, Blastocystis hominis 5%. Este estudio muestra la prevalencia de los protozoos de 99% con respecto a los 1% para los helmintos. Se recomienda la vigilancia periódica de parásitos por exámenes en estos niños. Se confirma que el parásito patógeno mas prevalente es Entamoeba Histolytica, seguido por la Giardia lamblia en los niños que recibieron el atención en el Hospital México. No obstante, las autoridades de salud y los especialistas, deberían estar atentos a estos resultados, incorporando en sus protocolos de prevención con orientación a los tutores de los niños, diagnóstico y tratamiento frente a la posibilidad de nuevos focos de enteroparasitosis en esta población.

*Ascaris lumbricoides de los Helmintos buscados en las muestras de los niños, solo tenia 1 resultado para Ascaris lumbricoides.
Deficiencia de ácido fólico como posible causa principal de anencefalia y malformaciones múltiples en un caso específico.
Authors: Méndez Alicia Viviana , Centenaro Moraes Jean Carlos , Calisto da Silva Paulo Matheus , Vera Licea Alejandro Ernesto
Published: October 2019

La deficiencia de ácido fólico es la causa más frecuente entre todos los causantes multifactoriales de defectos congénitos, defectos del tubo neural, labio leporino/paladar hendido, malformaciones cardíacas y atresias esofágicas, malformaciones orofaciales, por mencionar las más importantes.

En el caso estudiado se evidencia la deficiencia de ácido fólico en el resultado gestacional de una paciente joven de 27 años de edad, que, en control prenatal, tardíamente se diagnostica en el feto anencefalia, malformaciones múltiples a nivel craneal con complicaciones cardíacas y esofágicas incompatibles con la vida. En orientación genética, la paciente, con apoyo familiar y ante los resultados de estudios médicos, decide por la interrupción de la gestación, lo que confirmara después del adelanto terapéutico del parto, los hallazgos visualizados por imagenología.

La importancia del estudio de este caso, radica en los indicios observados a nivel nutricional que lleva a esta deficiencia y que evidencian que, posiblemente, sea la causa principal del fenómeno produciendo estos defectos congénitos en el fruto de la fecundación. El hecho envuelve cuestiones de bioética y el fenómeno podría ser evitado, desde políticas de salud pública más puntuales en este tema, por medio de campañas de concientización,especialmente en mujeres jóvenes, con información nutricional especifica o con el simple suministro de ácido fólico como suplemento vitamínico antes y al inicio del embarazo.
Estudio piloto: Identificación sobre hábitos del uso racional del medicamento en personas que acuden a los servicios farmacéuticos privados de la ciudad de El Alto
Authors: Terán Ventura Evangelina
Published: October 2019

Por uso racional de los medicamentos se entiende al uso correcto y apropiado. Para que haya una práctica racional, el paciente tiene que recibir el medicamento adecuado y la dosis debida durante un periodo de tiempo suficiente, al menor costo para él y para la comunidad. El trabajo tiene por objeto identificar hábitos del uso racional y consumo general del medicamento en personas que acuden a los servicios farmacéuticos privados (Farmacias) de la ciudad de El Alto. Se realizó una encuesta de recolección de datos a 156 personas de manera aleatoria de diferentes sectores del casco urbano central de la ciudad de El Alto.

Los resultados del trabajo nos muestran que la afluencia de las personas a los servicios farmacéuticos fue de todas las edades, siendo la más frecuente de 20 a 30 años con un 37.8%; de esta afluencia un 53% fueron mujeres, un 54% adquirió su medicamento sin receta médica, el 67% compro para sí mismo, un 76% manifestaron tener conocimiento exacto sobre la forma de su uso terapéutico de los medicamentos que compró; y por último un 59% desecha a la basura sus medicamentos vencidos. Las conclusiones del trabajo fueron que, la población frecuente que acude a las Farmacias del casco central de El Alto en busca de un medicamento son mujeres de 20-30 años. La población que acude a las Farmacias del casco central de El Alto compra medicamentos sin receta, y desconocen como desechar los medicamentos vencidos. Por tanto, existe deficiencia en el uso racional del medicamento por parte de la población estudiada.
Planificación familiar y el éxito del nuevo ser
Authors: Valdivia Peredo Lenny Mariela , Ponce Nageda Rocio Ailen , Caero Maldonado Alejandra , Cervantes  Bustamante Yeime , Cáceres Conde Mario
Published: October 2019

La utilidad de la planificación familiar, ayudará a las familias en la formación del nuevo ser, capacitándolos para ser más eficientes al tener un mayor apoyo entre padres. La principal tarea a partir de la lectura del artículo, es ayudar a reducir los embarazos no deseados, el abandono de los niños y a su vez los abortos. La planificación familiar es un componente esencial en el cuidado de la salud primaria y reproductiva. Si la práctica sexual se da sin planificación ni protección necesaria, se convierte en una amenaza que deriva en problemas como: deserción escolar, altas tasas de fecundidad por embarazos no planificados, o en otros casos terminan en aborto o muertes maternas e infantiles, como también enfermedades de transmisión sexual. La planificación familiar es considerada importante al facilitar a las parejas los métodos y medios con los cuales puedan tener hogares más estables y felices.
Análisis microbiologico de la chicha en municipio de Colcapirhua - Bochabamba / Bo.
Authors: Lima Verde Rodrigues Laise Carla , Rocha Joseana , De Oliveira Janoski André Wladimir , Santos Alan F. , Rojas Terrazas Luis Fernando
Published: October 2019

La chicha es una bebida alcohólica derivada principalmente de la fermentación no destilada del maíz y otros cereales originarios de América, su cualidad puede ser influenciada por diversos factores enzimáticos, químicos, físicos y microbiológicos. De esta forma, este estudio buscó evaluar la calidad microbiológica de la chicha comercializada en el municipio de Colcapirhua Cochabamba-BO. Para la recolección de las muestras de chicha fueron seleccionados los establecimientos comerciales ubicados en este municipio. Las muestras fueron transportadas al laboratorio de microbiología donde se analizaron 51 muestras de chicha y se observó la presencia de varios tipos de bacterias y algunas de ellas patógenas. Los resultados de las muestras, 5 confirmaron la presencia de E. coli, 44 presentaron otros microrganismos Gram-negativos, pero sólo 2 muestra estaba ausente de microrganismo, contrariando la legislación vigente donde estos microrganismos deben estar ausentes. Se destaca que, con base en los resultados, hay deficiencia en la higiene durante la etapa de preparación y/o manipulación de la chicha que comprometen la seguridad microbiológica de este producto, sugiriendo mayores cuidados en las buenas prácticas de higiene personal principalmente de los manipuladores, higienización de los utensilios siendo que estas prácticas de higiene sanitaria deben ser implantadas y monitoreadas durante la producción y manipulación de alimentos.

Conflictos de InteresesLos autores declaramos no tener conflictos de interés para el presente estudio.
MODELING OF THE EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF THE AGRICULTURAL LANDS MARKET IN UKRAINE
Authors: Stupen Roman , Stupenk Mykhailo , Ryzhok Zoriana , Stupen Oksana
Published: October 2019

The article deals with the main problems of creating the agricultural lands market in Ukraine due to the absence of the normative and legal support of its circulation, which should define the set of rights and restrictions of the implementation of this process. It is determined that the agricultural lands market is a social and economic complex that functions in accordance with market laws, national specificity, territorial scope and consists of a set of enterprises, establishments and representative offices, which are directly related to turnover of agricultural lands market. The main prerequisites for formation of effective functioning of the agricultural lands market are substantiated. Structural and logical scheme of this process implementation is constructed. Despite the ban on the purchase and sale of agricultural lands, the market value of land for private peasant farming has been calculated according to an expert assessment of a comparative methodological approach in determining the degree of similarity of objects using the Euclidean distance. The proposed method is appropriate to use in determining the market land value, regardless of its target use, by the degree of similarity of the objects of comparison according to the area, location, physical characteristics, functional characteristics and the availability of improvements, which allows to take into account its quantitative and qualitative characteristics.
ENTREPRENEURIAL CAPITAL AND PRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY: THE CASE OF THE SPANISH REGIONS
Authors: Rico Paz , Cabrer-Borrás Bernardí
Published: October 2019

The aim of this paper is to analyse the interrelation between entrepreneurial capital and productive efficiency of the Spanish regions while verifying the importance that business dynamics and entrepreneurial activity have on regional economic growth. For this purpose, data are used from the seventeen Spanish regions during the period 2003−2016. A multi-equation model is estimated that enables the analysis, on the one hand, of the existence of a causal relationship between business dynamics and entrepreneurial activity and, on the other hand, of these variables on the total factor productivity. The results lead to the conclusion that the entrepreneurial activity and the net creation of companies have a positive effect on productive efficiency and can explain the differences in the economic growth of the regions. In addition, the stock of human capital, the promotion of innovation and the degree of technological innovation act as catalysts for the productive efficiency of the regions. Finally, the results verify the fulfilment of the Schumpeter effect by which entrepreneurial capital generates economic growth.
No Sign of G2's Encounter Affecting Sgr A*'s X-Ray Flaring Rate from Chandra Observations
Authors: Bouffard Élie , Haggard Daryl , Nowak Michael A. , Neilsen Joseph , Markoff Sera , Baganoff Frederick K.
Published: October 2019

An unusual object, G2, had its pericenter passage around Sgr A*, the 4 × 106
M
⊙ supermassive black hole in the Galactic Center, in Summer 2014. Several research teams have reported evidence that, following G2's pericenter encounter, the rate of Sgr A*'s bright X-ray flares increased significantly. Our analysis carefully treats varying flux contamination from a nearby magnetic neutron star and is free from complications induced by using data from multiple X-ray observatories with different spatial resolutions. We test the scenario of an increased bright X-ray flaring rate using a massive data set from the Chandra X-ray Observatory, the only X-ray instrument that can spatially distinguish between Sgr A* and the nearby Galactic Center magnetar throughout the full extended period encompassing G2's encounter with Sgr A*. We use X-ray data from the 3 Ms observations of the Chandra X-ray Visionary Program (XVP) in 2012, as well as an additional 1.5 Ms of observations up to 2018. We use detected flares to make distributions of flare properties. Using simulations of X-ray flares accounting for important factors such as the different Chandra instrument modes, we test the null hypothesis on Sgr A*'s bright (or any flare category) X-ray flaring rate around different potential change points. In contrast to previous studies, our results are consistent with the null hypothesis; the same model parameters produce distributions consistent with the observed ones around any plausible change point.
Tests of the Kerr Hypothesis with GRS 1915+105 Using Different relxill Flavors
Authors: Zhang Yuexin , Abdikamalov Askar B. , Ayzenberg Dimitry , Bambi Cosimo , Nampalliwar Sourabh
Published: October 2019

In a previous paper, we tried to test the Kerr nature of the stellar-mass black hole in GRS 1915+105 by analyzing NuSTAR data of 2012 with our reflection model relxill_nk. We found that the choice of the intensity profile of the reflection component is crucial and eventually we were not able to get any constraint on the spacetime metric around the black hole in GRS 1915+105. In the present paper, we study the same source with Suzaku data of 2007. We confirm that the intensity profile plays an important role, but now we find quite stringent constraints consistent with the Kerr hypothesis. The key differences with respect to our previous study are likely the lower disk temperature in the Suzaku observation and the higher energy resolution near the iron line of the Suzaku data. We also apply different relxill flavors (different descriptions of the coronal spectrum and variable disk electron density) obtaining essentially the same results. We thus conclude that this choice is not very important for our tests of the Kerr hypothesis while the intensity profile does play an important role, and that with high-quality data it is possible to measure both the spacetime metric and the intensity profile.
Termination Shock Measured by Voyagers and IBEX
Authors: McComas D. J. , Rankin J. S. , Schwadron N. A. , Swaczyna P.
Published: October 2019

Our heliosphere’s innermost boundary—the termination shock—slows and heats the supersonic solar wind and energizes anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs). We show that in addition to their termination shock crossings, the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft measurements identify additional points on the termination shock when they magnetically disconnect from the ACR source. These four points define a spherical approximation of the termination shock with radius 117 au, offset ∼32 au tailward, ∼27 au north, and ∼12 au to the port side of the Sun. Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) spacecraft observations independently confirm these general offsets, with the closest region of the termination shock ∼ 20° south of the interstellar inflow direction and a minimum distance ∼74 au. The maximum distance is ∼161 au, consistent with required ACR acceleration times. Thus, Voyager and IBEX spacecraft observations have directly revealed the global size and location of our heliosphere’s termination shock for the first time.
Pulsar Wind-heated Accretion Disk and the Origin of Modes in Transitional Millisecond Pulsar PSR J1023+0038
Authors: Veledina Alexandra , Nättilä Joonas , Beloborodov Andrei M.
Published: October 2019

Transitional millisecond pulsars provide a unique set of observational data for understanding accretion at low rates onto magnetized neutron stars. In particular, PSR J1023+0038 exhibits a remarkable bimodality of the X-ray luminosity (low and high modes), pulsations extending from the X-ray to the optical band, GeV emission, and occasional X-ray flares. We discuss a scenario for the pulsar interaction with the accretion disk capable of explaining the observed behavior. We suggest that during the high mode the disk is truncated outside the light cylinder, allowing the pulsar wind to develop near the equatorial plane and strike the disk. The dissipative wind–disk collision energizes the disk particles and generates synchrotron emission, which peaks in the X-ray band and extends down to the optical band. The emission is modulated by the pulsar wind rotation, resulting in a pulse profile with two peaks 180° apart. This picture explains the high mode luminosity, spectrum, and pulse profile (X-ray and optical) of PSR J1023+0038. It may also explain the X-ray flares as events of sudden increase in the effective disk cross section intercepting the wind. In contrast to previously proposed models, we suggest that the disk penetrates the light cylinder only during the low X-ray mode. This penetration suppresses the dissipation caused by the pulsar wind–disk collision, and the system enters the propeller regime. The small duty cycle of the propeller explains the low spin-down rate of the pulsar.
Escape of Flare-accelerated Particles in Solar Eruptive Events
Authors: Masson S. , Antiochos S. K. , DeVore C. R.
Published: October 2019

Impulsive solar energetic particle events are widely believed to be due to the prompt escape into the interplanetary medium of flare-accelerated particles produced by solar eruptive events. According to the standard model for such events, however, particles accelerated by the flare reconnection should remain trapped in the flux rope comprising the coronal mass ejection. The particles should reach the Earth only much later, along with the bulk ejecta. To resolve this paradox, we have extended our previous axisymmetric model for the escape of flare-accelerated particles to fully three-dimensional (3D) geometries. We report the results of magnetohydrodynamic simulations of a coronal system that consists of a bipolar active region embedded in a background global dipole field structured by solar wind. Our simulations show that multiple magnetic reconnection episodes occur prior to and during the coronal mass ejection (CME) eruption and its interplanetary propagation. In addition to the episodes that build up the flux rope, reconnection between the open field and the CME couples the closed corona to the open interplanetary field. Flare-accelerated particles initially trapped in the CME thereby gain access to the open interplanetary field along a trail blazed by magnetic reconnection. A key difference between these 3D results and our previous calculations is that the interchange reconnection allows accelerated particles to escape from deep within the CME flux rope. We estimate the spatial extent of the particle-escape channels. The relative timings between flare acceleration and release of the energetic particles through CME/open-field coupling are also determined. All our results compare favorably with observations.
First Detection of Radio Linear Polarization in a Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow
Authors: Urata Yuji , Toma Kenji , Huang Kuiyun , Asada Keiichi , Nagai Hiroshi , Takahashi Satoko , Petitpas Glen , Tashiro Makoto , Yamaoka Kazutaka
Published: October 2019

We report the first detection of radio polarization of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow with the first intensive combined use of telescopes in the millimeter and submillimeter ranges for GRB 171205A. The linear polarization degree in the millimeter band at the subpercent level (0.27% ± 0.04%) is lower than those observed in late-time optical afterglows (weighted average of ∼1%). The Faraday depolarization by nonaccelerated, cool electrons in the shocked region is one of the possible mechanisms for the low value. This scenario requires a total energy that is larger by a factor of ∼10 than ordinary estimates without considering nonaccelerated electrons. The polarization position angle varies by at least 20° across the millimeter band, which is not inconsistent with this scenario. This result indicates that polarimetry in the millimeter and submillimeter ranges is a unique tool for investigating GRB energetics, and coincident observations with multiple frequencies or bands would provide more accurate measurements of the nonaccelerated electron fraction.
Preserving Patient Autonomy and Privacy in the Era of Genetic Discoveries
Authors: Ostwald Sharon K.
Published: October 2019

EXCERPT

As the 21st century progresses, genetics will increasingly affect the practice of gerontological nurses, regardless of setting. In previous years, genetics was thought to primarily be a concern for nurses who focused on maternal and child health. However, gerontological nurses will increasingly need to view their practice through a “genetic/developmental/environmental lens” (Eisenberg, 1998).