bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A lição da ponte de Rio de Onor
Authors: Bandeirinha José
Published: October 2015

Não disponível
The Architecture of Construction
Authors: Diamond Rosamund
Published: October 2015

The place of technical discourse in studio projects has been much debated.  The studio is the primary location to engage requisite construction knowledge creatively, in which assumptions about materials  could be transformed into tangible investigations with the skill and freedom to reinvent and invent. The paper will investigate the relationship of the craftsmanship of familiar construction methods to a broader context of fabrication and new material possibilities, in order to discuss how construction technique could be drawn into the conceptual centre of design studio projects. How the action of challenging construction conventions with the wide range of available technical advances could converse with the specificity of construction to its local conditions of building and place. Using some case studies, it will propose the value of construction to explore the broader conditions of architecture including its physical and critical topographies.Construction teaching in the studio will be considered in terms of its interrogation and description, as the basis for a discourse, using previous studio experiments.How can construction be developed in the studio so that it is embedded in the conceptual  development of student projects?How can studio construction investigations develop connections to place?In what ways can construction knowledge enable innovation without resisting the value of traditional material culture?
Bairro do Visconde, Peniche
Authors: Adrião José
Published: October 2015

Primeira aula de projeto .!, 2º semestre do 3º ano, da Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa em 2013. Trinta e sete alunos: trinta e um portugueses, um angolano, uma brasileira, um cabo-verdiano, uma italiana e dois alemães em Programa Erasmus. Dois professores: José Adrião e Ricardo Carvalho.
Design through synthesis: the role of sculpture in the design process of Max Bill
Authors: Pereira Tania Calovi
Published: October 2015

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, research into the understanding of visual space in the arts and sciences narrowed the distinctions between architecture and the arts, contributing to a growing desire to unify all the senses in the production of more meaningful art and architecture. The Bauhaus, in its proposed synthesis of the arts, left with few examples of architecture, but the modern desire for the unification of the formal vocabulary of architecture and the arts persisted, and was advanced especially through the reduction and refinement of their elements. I argue that Max Bill, a Bauhaus graduate, realized this synthesis of the arts through his Concrete design method, which reconciled the rational and the intuitive through conceptual associations between different media. His approach to design resisted formalism and arbitrary decisions, and went far beyond the visual by producing designs which embraced functionality, creativity and simplicity, and unfolded in a diverse array of forms instead of repetitive formulas. To this day formalism and a superficial regard for aesthetics hinders discussion and the exchange of concepts between art and architecture, especially regarding the design process. This paper will explore the methods and conceptual underpinnings of Max Bill’s sculptural work and architecture through case studies from 1932 through 1968.
The drawing in the design process: a study in the work of Andrea Palladio
Authors: Stumpp Monika Maria , Pereira Claudio Calovi
Published: October 2015

The development of design activity uses technical suports that allow the architect to record the evolution of your idea or communication with it. Historically, the support that has been used is the graphical representation, which, as a intelligence technology, joins with the creative and cognitive processes of the individual, allowing communication with their imagination and also to all individuals involved in projecting. The representations graphically materialized, calls drawing,  are important in the practice of architecture because they represent the evolution of the design process. The drawing means the way in which design is conducted, tested, controlled and ultimately appears performed. In this context the drawings of the Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio play a special role in the history of architecture, because it makes clear how he understood and thought the architecture. At that time, the graphical representation of the space acquired an importance that had not previously, incorporating a greater number of alternative representation, highlighting the aesthetic concerns and the current building techniques. A lot of drawings produced by Palladio, shows how he was deeply convinced of eloquence and priority of images to understand the architecture, more than any other form of discursive explanation. In this sense, this work investigates the drawings of Palladio as a tool at the process of design solutions translation. The reading of the project through the design has been used to study designs and architectural objects or certain styles or specific authorship of an architect. Here the method is used for reading the project of Villa Pisani in Bagnolo (1542). Using two and three dimensional drawings, represented by plan, section and volumetry, it is intended to make explicit certain aspects underlying the architectural work, as questions of proportion and symmetry. It is expected that, at the work of Palladio, this method allows to compare and understand drawings, in order to analyze mutations and replications and  search of new meanings, readings and interpretations.
O projeto como síntese A experiência do Atelier Integrado I - FAU/UFRJ
Authors: Fontes Adriana Sansão , Slade Ana
Published: October 2015

O projeto como síntese: a experiência do Atelier Integrado I - FAU/ UFRJ O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a experiência do Atelier Integrado I (AI-1) da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro [FAU/UFRJ]. Apontamos suas principais características, visando uma reflexão crítica sobre seus alcances e possibilidades para futuros desdobramentos.O Atelier Integrado é uma antiga aspiração das escolas de arquitetura, porém de difícil execução, em grande parte devido à organização departamental estanque, a ao próprio currículo da maioria das escolas de arquitetura brasileiras, agravado pela falta de coordenação entre os conteúdos das disciplinas, tratadas como campos autônomos do conhecimento.O AI-1 acontece no final do Ciclo de Fundamentação (4º. período - segundo ano de curso), e reúne seis disciplinas: Projeto de Arquitetura, Projeto Paisagístico, Gráfica Digital, Concepção Estrutural, Processos Construtivos e Saneamento Predial, que estabelecem interfaces e sobreposições, a fim de integrar os aportes oriundos de diferentes áreas de conhecimento, tendo o projeto como fio condutor em todas as etapas e partes que o constituem. Isso possibilita ao aluno o entendimento da arquitetura enquanto síntese desde a fase inicial do projeto e, paralelamente, do projeto como sistema de relações entre espaço construído e espaço livre.
Beginning again. The task of design research
Authors: Leatherbarrow David
Published: October 2015

Among architects and educators today the proposal for design research is generally understood as follows: the design of buildings is not only a professional practice but also a form of inquiry, a member of the growing family of research disciplines at work in the world today. The older siblings are well known, the highly regarded research fields in the natural sciences: physics, chemistry, and biology, for example. In the next generation are the social sciences: economics, political science, and sociology. Also related are the fields in which the basic sciences are applied: medicine, engineering, and information technology. This last group is more akin to architecture, for these academic disciplines are also professions. The problem with architecture is that it has also family ties to disciplines beyond the sciences, to painting, sculpture, urban design, and landscape architecture, even literature and poetry. Furthermore, artistic practices are not only non-scientific, they are purposeless, or so they seem, for we tend to see beauty as its own reward; we call it aesthetic pleasure. But these categories — natural science, social science, the arts — together with the terms that designate them are no less subject to debate than the words “design” and “research” with which we began.
Towards a broader horizon
Authors: Silvestre Bruno
Published: October 2015

In a time of uncertainty and continuous change in architectural education, our discipline urges debate, reflection and renewal of its traditional subjects as a response to external forces that Architecture is increasingly exposed to. This paper will offer a reflection on how a design studio culture can contribute to the renewal of our discipline and its educational principles through the consideration of three horizons. Firstly, the horizon of the College of Arts in Alta de Coimbra, drawing on its typological nature and topographical condition to make a critical reflection on the sense of indulgent isolation of the design studio culture in the School. Secondly, the horizon of Architecture as a discipline and its willingness to acknowledge the benefits of interdisciplinary engagement. Thirdly, the horizon of the world as seen (and remade) from the design studio, a platform for learning to understand (and remake) the world in which we live through positioning the work of the students in a wider frame of reference. To fulfil its role as a form of cultural expression, the renewal of Architecture as a discipline depends on opening its educational principles to what is beyond the fatigued horizon of our territorial, disciplinary and cultural boundaries.
A reflexividade da ‘realidade’: itinerários para uma aprendizagem pelo projeto.
Authors: Seabra N. Miguel
Published: October 2015

O reconhecimento, nacional e internacional, de uma práxis de arquitectura contemporânea em Portugal – dita de ‘periférica’ e de ‘resistente’ – revela a oportunidade de clarificar um pensamento projectual singular. Trata-se de um pensamento alicerçado numa relação íntima com a ‘realidade’– ‘cultural’ e ‘física’ – que estabelece um diálogo reflexivo com as suas especificidades.Com o intuito de avaliar a permanência, e a subsequente transmissibilidade, deste pensamento projectual na particularidade do ensino da arquitectura, há que reconhecer de que modo aquela práxis se manifesta. Confrontando-a, intentar-se-á, por um lado, circunscrever a competência operativa da ‘realidade’ no tempo do processo de projecto, e, por outro lado, deslindar o domínio instrumental subjacente ao processo projectual potenciado por essa práxis de arquitectura.No âmbito do tema ‘Investigação em Projecto’, interessa, assim, discernir, como hipótese de trabalho, sobre o impacto, e suas consequências, deste modo de fazer projecto na aprendizagem da arquitectura na contemporaneidade portuguesa.Pretende-se, deste modo, contribuir para o fixar de uma possível ‘identidade projectual’ reconhecível, capaz de perspectivar e de apontar caminhos possíveis para o ensino pelo projecto. The reflexiveness of ‘reality’: itineraries for learning through the design process.The national and international recognition of a Portuguese contemporary architectural praxis – described as ‘peripheral’ and ‘resistant’ –, unlocks the chance to clarify a singular architectural design process. This process is grounded in an intimate relationship with the specificities of reality – both ‘cultural’ and ‘physical’ –, established through a reflexive dialog.Aiming the evaluation of this design framework permanence and subsequent transferability in architectural teaching, it has to be recognized how this architectural praxis manifests itself.Confronting it, one will try to circumscribe reality’s operative proficiency in the design process, and also to define the design process’ instrumental apparatus excelled by this architectural praxis.As a work hypothesis, it is important to discern about this design thought’s impact and consequences in the architectural learning process, regarding the Portuguese contemporary practice.One aspires to circumscribe a possible architectural design identity, able to envision possible paths for the architectural design teaching.
Esquecimento na aprendizagem do projecto de arquitectura
Authors: Paiva de Sousa Soledade , Baptista-Bastos Miguel
Published: October 2015

During the first year’s teaching on the architecture course at FAUTL (Lisbon), a number of questions have arisen concerning architectural project learning, related to theoretical studies of assimilation and retention.In most of this year’s students, the existing structure of their knowledge is noticeably inhibiting the assimilation of new data, so making the professor’s role in the process very difficult.At present, learning is not conscious, being influenced by several factors, both external to and inherent in, changes within education. A clear transformation of the cognitive structure has not been observed, with the result that new information is not being assimilated by the majority of students.It is recommended that, concurrent with the general programme, students do and repeat certain exercises until the course contents are thoroughly incorporated and articulated with previous concepts: it is intended that such an approach will enable the conscious and rational retention of material.In this process, the professor reviews the knowledge acquired by the students while also establishing that they already have some information about what they are learning.Therefore, more repetition is suggested in the practice of the architectural project planning component over the semesters, moving away from the internalisation of knowledge through “meaningful learning”, (D. P. Ausubel)
Anchoring in Payment: Evaluating a Judgmental Heuristic in Field Experimental Settings
Authors: Jung Minah H. , Perfecto Hannah , Nelson Leif D.
Published: October 2015

Anchoring, the biasing of estimates toward a previously considered value, is a long-standing and oft-studied phenomenon in consumer research. However, most anchoring work has been in the lab, and the results from field work have been mixed. Here, the authors use real transactions from an empirically investigated and commercially-employed pricing scheme (“pay what you want”) to better understand how anchors influence payments. Sixteen field studies (N = 21,997) and four hypothetical studies (N = 3,174) reveal four main points: (1) Although anchoring replicates both with and without financial consequences (Studies 1–2), the percentile rank gap between anchors in the distribution of payments is a much stronger predictor of anchoring emerging than merely the absolute gap between the anchors on a number line (Studies 3–5). (2) Low anchors influence payments more than high anchors (Studies 6a–b). (3) Findings from the literature that should enhance anchoring effects—anchor precision, descriptive and injunctive norms, nonsuggestions—yield null results in payment (Studies 7–13). (4) The above patterns do not emerge in hypothetical settings (Studies 14a–d), in which anchoring is as big and reliable as the literature has previously suggested.
Hobbes on the Scientific Study of the Human Mind
Authors: van Apeldoorn Laurens
Published: October 2015

This paper considers Hobbes’ scientific study of the human mind and the method that structures it. I argue that Hobbes approaches the mind – as he approaches the inanimate natural world – in accordance with the method of “physics” as set out in the fourth and last part of
Requirements and concept for Plug-and-Work
Authors: Schleipen Miriam , Lüder Arndt , Sauer Olaf , Flatt Holger , Jasperneite Jürgen
Published: October 2015

Objects to change within a manufacturing enterprise can be products, technological or logistical processes, parts of the manufacturing
facilities or a company's organization. For this paper we assume, that IT systems are also objects to change – they have to be adapted
to changes to products and facilities on the shop floor. Today the adaption of IT systems is managed and done manually – therefore the
authors propose an automated way of changing the production's IT-systems. For this purpose two main ideas are described: reading and
interpreting a self-description of production equipment and enrichment of these descriptions with data from the “digital factory”
bridging the gap between planning and operating IT-systems and thus enabling higher adaptivity of manufacturing systems.
Development and validation of a 2nd tier test for identification of purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency patients during expanded newborn screening by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: la Marca Giancarlo , Giocaliere Elisa , Malvagia Sabrina , Villanelli Fabio , Funghini Silvia , Ombrone Daniela , Bona Maria Della , Forni Giulia , Canessa Clementina , Ricci Silvia , Romano Francesca , Guerrini Renzo , Resti Massimo , Azzari Chiara
Published: October 2015

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency has been recently introduced in the newborn screening program in Tuscany. In order to improve the PNP screening efficiency, we developed a 2nd tier test to quantify PNP primary markers deoxyguanosine (dGuo) and deoxyinosine (dIno).

Dried blood spots (DBS) samples were extracted with 200 μL of methanol and 100 μL of water (by two steps). Internal standards were added at a final concentration of 10 μmol/L. After extraction, samples were analysed by LC-MS/MS. The chromatographic run was performed in gradient mode by using a Synergi Fusion column.

The assay was linear over a concentration range of 0.05–50 μmol/L (R

The LC-MS/MS method can reliably measure dIno and dGuo in DBS for the diagnosis of PNP. Validation data confirm the present method is characterised by good reproducibility, accuracy and imprecision for the quantitation of dIno and dGuo. The assay also appears suitable for use in monitoring treatment of PNP patients.
Criteria of adequacy for vitamin D testing and prevalence of deficiency in clinical practice
Authors: Granado-Lorencio Fernando , Blanco-Navarro Inmaculada , Pérez-Sacristán Belén
Published: October 2015

Background:

Vitamin D deficiency is an important concern in clinical settings although there is no consensus on who should undergo 25-OH-vitamin D testing. We studied the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency before and after introducing adequacy (clinical and biochemical) criteria for testing.

Methods:

A total of 32,363 tests for 25-OH-vitamin D were retrospectively evaluated. Requests were unrestricted until December 2010 and justification criteria were applied from January 2011. During 6 years, 25,656 samples were analyzed (UHPLC) of which 12,315 were considered the first visit. The prevalence of deficiency was assessed for all the samples and according to the year, sex, season, age, origin of the requests, inclusion of adequacy criteria and consecutive visits.

Results:

A significant proportion of the requests (25%) were unjustified and less than half of the clinically or biochemically-justified tests displayed serum concentrations indicative of deficiency. Application of adequacy criteria resulted in a non-significant increase in the prevalence of deficiency, both at the first visit (36.5 vs. 41.7, p=0.17) and for all the samples analyzed (32.0 vs. 35.5, p=0.14). The percentage of deficiency decreased in consecutive visits although 2/3 and 41% of the patients remained deficient on the second and third visit, respectively. Moreover, at least 1/5 of sufficient patients at the first test became deficient in subsequent evaluations.

Conclusions:

A significant proportion of the requests was unjustified by clinical or biochemical criteria. Our data also indicate that clinical and biochemical criteria may be necessary (to be present) to justify vitamin D testing but not sufficient (predictive) to indicate the presence of vitamin D deficiency.
Oil Revenues and Export Earnings Instability: The Evidence from Iran
Authors: Asheghian Parviz
Published: October 2015

As a member of OPEC, Iran is a nation that is dependent on petrodollars. More specifically, roughly 80 percent of total export earnings in Iran are generated from oil revenue. This in fact is one of the attributes of many developing countries in that their exports are concentrated in either one or a small number of primary products that contribute to the bulk of their foreign exchange revenues. Export instability occurs because export earnings tend to fluctuate annually to a greater extent for developing countries than for advanced countries. The factors that give rise to export instability can be classified as price variability and a high degree of commodity concentration. To date, no study has examined the impact of export instability in the highly oil-dependent Iran. This study develops a model and employs a forty-year annual time series data set to estimate the impact of commodity concentration and price variability in Iran. The estimation results obtained from the time-series model developed in this study does not support the conventional argument, regarding the positive correlation between commodity concentration and export instability. It also shows that fluctuations in petroleum export revenues have significant impact on total export earnings instability in Iran.
The only thing not known how to be dealt with: Political humor as a weapon during Gezi Park Protests
Authors: Görkem Şenay Yavuz
Published: October 2015

This study investigates the underlying grounds and outcomes of nationwide antigovernment demonstrations that began as an environmentalist protest against the razing of Gezi Park in Istanbul. Humor became a weapon for the protestors for targeting and degrading Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, the government and the police forces. Captions, caricatures, graffiti, posters and slogans that were used as a means for humorous criticism of social reality in Turkey proliferated during and after this period. The slogan “the only thing they do not know how to deal with is passive activism and humor” was prevalent among protestors. The phrase ‘disproportionate intelligence’, which was used as an umbrella term for all humorous material, showed the protestors’ effort to react to the disproportionate violence they were exposed to while positioning themselves as more civilized and able as compared to the police and the government who could only resort to violence. This study includes semiotic analyses of composition and content of examples with humorous content.
Self Diffusivity of n-Dodecane and Benzothiophene in ZSM-5 Zeolites. Its Significance for a New Catalytic Light Diesel Desulfurization Process
Authors: Ferreira María L. , Al-Bogami Saad A. , de Lasa Hugo I.
Published: October 2015

This study provides theoretical support to a recent promising ZSM5 catalyst used for the selective desulfurization of light diesel type compounds (Al-Bogami and de Lasa 2013; Al-Bogami, Moreira, and de Lasa 2013). With this end, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations employing a rigid silicalite structure are developed to calculate self-diffusivities of n-Dodecane (n-C12) and Benzothiophene (BZT) in a silicalite structure. The simulations are performed at 573 K, 623 K, 673 K and 723 K at a fixed loading of 1 molecule per unit cell to study the temperature effect on diffusivity coefficient. In addition, a number of simulations which are developed to investigate four molecule loadings (corresponding to 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 molecule per zeolite unit cell) at 723 K. MD simulations, show a self diffusivity of BZT one order of magnitude higher than that of n-C12 self diffusivity at all temperatures investigated. This is the case in spite of BZT having a critical molecular diameter of 6 Å when compared to the 4.9 Å diameter of n-C12. In addition, the self diffusivity coefficient is found to increase with temperature for both n-C12 and BZT. Furthermore, the results obtained show that the self diffusivity of n-C12 decreases as the number of n-C12 molecules per zeolite unit cell increases. On the other hand, it is observed that the self-diffusivity coefficient for BZT remains fairly constant and drops at a loading of 1 molecule per zeolite unit cell only. These coefficients show that differences in n-C12 and benzothiophene diffusivities favours desulfurization with selective benzothiophene adsorption and sulfur species removal as coke (Al-Bogami and de Lasa 2013).
The Rough Linear Approximate Space and Soft Linear Space
Authors: Ma Yingcang , Li Shaoyang , Liu Yamei
Published: October 2015

The studies of rough sets and soft sets, which can deal with uncertain problems in real life, have developed rapidly in recent years. We have known that linear space is a very important concept in linear algebra, so the aim of this paper was mainly focused on combining research in linear space, rough sets, and soft sets. First, according to the properties of upper (lower) approximation in rough linear space, the inclusion relation of the upper approximation’s union and the inclusion relation of the lower approximation’s intersection are improved. The equations of the upper approximation’s union and the lower approximation’s intersection are given. Secondly, the connection of linear space to rough sets is explored and the rough linear approximate space is proposed, which is proved to be a Boolean algebra under the intersection, union, and complementary operators. Thirdly, the combination of linear space and soft set is discussed, the definitions of soft linear space and soft linear subspace are proposed, and their properties are explored. Finally, the definitions of lower and upper approximation of a subspace X in soft linear space are given and their properties are studied. These investigations would enrich the studies of linear space, soft sets, and rough sets.
A Simple but Accurate Method for Analytical Estimation of Splice Loss in Single-Mode Triangular Index Fibers for Different V Numbers Including the Low Ones
Authors: Debnath Rahul , Gangopadhyay Sankar
Published: October 2015

We report formulation of simple but accurate analytical expressions at the splice for both angular and transverse mismatches in case of single mode triangular index fibers. Here, we employ the simple series expression for fundamental modal field of such fibers. The analysis takes care of large
Fair compensation for gate and wind conditions in ski jumping – estimated from competition data using a mixed model
Authors: Aldrin Magne
Published: October 2015

Ski jumping is a Winter Olympic sport where the athletes try to fly as far as possible with the best possible style on a ski jumping hill. The best athletes may achieve distances around 100 m on the smallest hills and up to 251.5 m (the world record) on a flying hill. The length of a ski jump is affected by the gate from which the jumpers start, where higher gates give higher speed and therefore longer jumps. Wind conditions are also important, head winds tend to give longer jumps and tail winds tend to give shorter jumps. To ensure relatively fair conditions during competitions, a system including gate and wind compensations was introduced from January 2010. If the conditions change considerably during a round, the jury can change the gate number to avoid too long or too short jumps, and the athlete is then given a compensation (positive or negative). Furthermore, the athletes are given a compensation for the wind conditions during their jump. In this paper, the fairness of this compensation system is investigated by an analysis of the results from 80 ski jumping competitions for men arranged in the World Cup, World Championships and Olympics in the 2011/2012, 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 seasons. The analysis is based on a mixed model. I found that the present compensation for gate number is reasonably fair, but with a tendency for 10% over-compensation. On the other hand, I estimate that the present compensation factor for head winds should be increased by 48% (95% CI 40–57%) and for tail winds by 22% (95% CI 16–30%) to fully compensate for wind conditions.
Expression of interferon type-I receptor isoforms, clinical response and development of neutralizing antibodies in multiple sclerosis patients – results of a prospective study
Authors: Bauer Angelika , Rudzki Dagmar , Auer Michael , Hegen Harald , Deisenhammer Florian
Published: October 2015

Background: One of the first line treatments for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is interferon-β (IFNb), a cytokine with immune-modulatory effects. There is a high degree of variability in the response to the drug which is, among other factors, due to the presence of neutralizing antibodies (NABs) occurring late during therapy.

Methods: The objective of this study was to determine whether the response to IFNb therapy and NAB development can be predicted based on the expression levels of the type-I interferon receptors IFNAR1, IFNAR2a, IFNAR2b, and IFNAR2c before start of treatment. The IFNAR expression levels in 163 samples of patients with relapsing-remitting MS were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results: Pre-treatment IFNAR2c expression levels were somewhat lower in patients who developed NAB during treatment compared to NAB-negative patients. No significant differences in the expression levels of other IFNAR subtypes and isotypes were found. Baseline IFNAR levels were not predictive of the clinical response after 2 years.

Conclusions: Overall, there was a small, non-significant effect of IFNAR2c baseline levels on NAB development but no relation to clinical endpoints. Lower expression of IFNAR2c receptors could lead to higher IFNb levels inducing a higher rate of antibody response.
Some phonological, syntactic, and cognitive factors behind phrase-final lengthening in spontaneous Japanese: A corpus-based study
Authors: Den Yasuharu
Published: October 2015

In this study, we investigated segment lengthening in spontaneous Japanese based on a quantitative analysis of a large-scale corpus, focusing on the following three locations at which lengthening frequently occurs: the final segments of (i) clause-initial preface tokens (fillers and conjunctions), (ii) clause-initial
God’s Power and Almightiness in Whitehead’s Thought
Authors: Oomen Palmyre M.F.
Published: October 2015

Whitehead’s position regarding God’s power is rather unique in the philosophical and theological landscape. Whitehead rejects divine omnipotence (unlike Aquinas), yet he claims (unlike Hans Jonas) that God’s persuasive power is required for everything to exist and to occur. This intriguing position is the subject of this article. The article starts with an exploration of Aquinas’ reasoning towards God’s omnipotence. This will be followed by a close examination of Whitehead’s own position, starting with an introduction to his philosophy of organism and its two-sided concept of God. Thereupon, an analysis of Whitehead’s idiosyncratic view on God’s agency will show that, according to this conception, God and the World depend upon each other, and that God’s agency is a non-coercive but persuasive power. The difference between coercion and persuasion will be explained as well as the reason why God, according to Whitehead’s conception, cannot possibly coerce. Finally, a discussion of the issue of divine almightiness will allow for a reinterpretation of divine almightiness from a Whiteheadian perspective, which will show how despite Whitehead’s rejection of God’s omnipotence, his concept retains essential elements of God as pantokrator (and thus markedly differs from Hans Jonas’ concept).
Juda als Sachwalter Israels Geschichtstheologie nach dem Ende des Nordreiches in Hos 13 und Ps 78
Authors: Weingart Kristin
Published: October 2015

Hos 13 and Psalm 78 present elements of a Judean interpretation of history at the end of the 8

Hos 13* und Ps 78* sind Reflexe einer judäischen Geschichtsdeutung am Ende des 8. Jh.s (Hos 13) bzw. Anfang des 7. Jh.s v. Chr. (Ps 78); sie thematisieren den Untergang des Nordreiches und die sich daraus ergebenden Konsequenzen für das Verständnis und die Rolle Judas innerhalb Israels. Beide Texte deuten das Ende Nord-Israels als Gericht JHWHs infolge der Selbstüberhebung der Nord-Israeliten. Als Folge ergibt sich eine tiefgreifende Verschiebung der Gewichte innerhalb Israels: Juda wird zum primären Repräsentanten Israels bzw. Sachwalter des israelitischen Erbes. Diese Geschichtsdeutung weist insbesondere in Ps 78 eine starke legitimatorische Tendenz zugunsten des Jerusalemer Kults und Königtums auf und hat ihr Pendant in der zunehmenden Verwendung des Israel-Namens als alternative Bezeichnung Judas.

Osée 13* et Ps 78 sont le reflet d’une interprétation de l’histoire judaic à la fin du 8ème (Os 13) ou début du 7ème siècle avant JC. Ils se concentrent sur la chute du royaume du Nord et ses conséquences pour le rôle de Judah en Israël. Les deux textes interprets la fin du royaume du Nord comme un résultat de juridiction de YHWH. En conséquence, il y a un profond changement dans l’équilibre intérieur d’Israël: Judah devient le principaux représentants d’Israël. Cette interpretation de l’histoire a, en particulier dans Ps 78, une tendance forte de légitimer le culte de Jérusalem et de la monarchie, et a sa contrepartie dans l’utilisation du nom Israël comme un nom alternatif de Judah.
Text-Critical Question Begging in Nahum 1,2–8: Re-evaluating the Evidence and Arguments
Authors: Ross William A.
Published: October 2015

The idea that Nahum 1 contains an acrostic poem is held by many scholars. This paper reinvestigates the proposals for emending Nahum 1,2–8 in light of the Septuagint (LXX) as a text-critical witness. LXX scholarship has long noted that the translation technique employed in a given unit, book, or corpus is essential to discerning properly whether and how Greek renderings function text-critically for the MT. In light of an analysis of the translation technique of Nahum 1,2–8, then, this paper outlines the manner in which arguments for textual emendation of the Hebrew on the basis of the LXX beg the question.

Nahum 1 wird von vielen Auslegern als Akrostichon angesehen. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Vorschläge zur Emendation in Nah 1,2–8 auf dem Hintergrund der LXX-Überlieferung. Die Forschungen zur LXX haben lange schon auf die Bedeutung der Übersetzungstechnik für die Auswertung der LXX Varianten zum MT-Text aufmerksam gemacht. Entsprechende Einsichten werden für die Bewertung der Emendationen in Nah 2,1–8 fruchtbar gemacht.

De nombreux exégètes pensent que Nahoum 1 contient un acrostiche. Cet article réexamine les propositions pour corriger Na 1,2–8 à la lumière de la Septante (LXX). La recherche sur la LXX a observé depuis longtemps que la technique de traduction utilisée dans une unité, un livre ou un corpus donné est essentielle pour discerner correctement si et comment les traductions en grec peuvent être utilisées par rapport au TM dans une logique de critique textuelle. À la lumière d’une analyse de la technique de traduction de Na 1,2–8, cet article soulève la question de la correction du texte hébreu sur la base de la LXX.
On Nehemiah 8,8a
Authors: Yoo Philip Y.
Published: October 2015

This short note argues that the noted difficulties in Neh 8,8a can be resolved by accepting a previously suggested emendation to MT and a renewed examination of a much discussed word solely against the background of two legal episodes that employ the same verbal stem. It is suggested that one could render Neh 8,8a as »They read from the scroll of the

Der Beitrag vertritt die These, dass die in Neh 8,8a feststellbaren Schwierigkeiten durch eine Emendation am MT und durch die erneute Betrachtung eines viel diskutierten Wortes behoben werden können. Dies geschieht vor dem Hintergrund von zwei Gesetzestexten, die denselben Verbalstamm verwenden. Es wird vorgeschlagen, man könne Neh 8,8a »Sie lasen aus der Schriftrolle der Tora Gottes, die war (schon) erklärt« lesen.

Cette note montre que les difficultés remarquées en Ne 8,8a peuvent être résolues, en acceptant un amendement du TM déjà proposé antérieurement ainsi qu’en examinant à nouveau, sur l’arrière-fond de deux épisodes juridiques qui utilisent la même racine, un mot souvent discuté. Il est ainsi possible de rendre Ne 8,8a par »ils lisaient dans le rouleau de la torah de Dieu, qui avait été (déjà) proclamée«.
Spinophilin-Targeted Protein Phosphatase-1 Alleviated Inflammatory Pain by Negative Control of MEK/ERK Signaling in Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn of Rats
Authors: Hu Xiao-Dong , Liu Yan-Ni , Zhang Zi-Yang , Ma Zheng-An , Suo Zhan-Wei , Yang Xian
Published: October 2015

Protein phosphatase-1 (PP1), anchored by regulatory or targeting proteins at excitatory glutamatergic synapses, controls the phosphorylation of postsynaptic substrates and regulates the neurotransmission and plasticity. Here, we found that spinophilin, an actin-binding protein that targets PP1 at postsynaptic density, served as a scaffold for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling components. Through the C-terminal PDZ domain, spinophilin directly interacted with ERK and its upstream mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK). PP1, recruited by spinophilin, gained access to and dephosphorylated these kinases, exerting a tonic inhibition of ERK signaling. The removal of PP1 inhibition by disturbing spinophilin/PP1 interaction allowed a restricted activation of MEK/ERK at synapses, which in turn augmented the synaptic transmission specifically mediated by GluN2B subunit-containingN-methyl-d-aspartate subtype of glutamate receptors. We provided evidence that in pain-related spinal cord dorsal horn, the scaffolding function of spinophilin played an important role in the negative control of ERK-dependent and GluN2B-dependent pain sensitization. Expression of wild-type spinophilin produced an effective analgesic action against chronic inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant in rats.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTExtracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) relays the signals from multiple transmembrane receptors to a wide range of downstream effectors critical for the regulation of neuronal excitability and plasticity. The strength and duration of ERK signaling is spatiotemporally controlled by protein phosphatases. Sustained activation of ERK has been implicated in a variety of pathological processes. The current study revealed that spinophilin, a well characterized protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) synaptic targeting protein, was able to scaffold mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) and ERK for dephosphorylation and inactivation by PP1. The loss of PP1 inhibition, as a result of spinophilin/PP1 dissociation, led to aberrant activation of MEK/ERK signaling, which had important implications for the exaggeration of NMDA receptor-dependent nociceptive synaptic transmission in spinal cord dorsal horn.
The Nature of Science & the Next Generation of Biology Education
Authors: McComas William F.
Published: October 2015

The nature of science (NOS) is an often neglected part of science teaching, yet it provides a vital background for students, detailing how science and scientists work and how scientific knowledge is created, validated, and influenced. Here, I review the concept of NOS and some of the challenges to its inclusion in science classes. In addition, I outline proposals, including those in the Next Generation Science Standards, for those aspects of NOS that should be featured in science classes. Finally, I discuss distinctions in NOS specific to the science of biology and conclude with some thoughts on how NOS can be incorporated into science instruction.
Designing Authentic Undergraduate Research Experiences in a Single-Semester Lab Course
Authors: Mennella Thomas A.
Published: October 2015

The importance of a robust undergraduate research experience has been demonstrated time and again. However, too few undergraduates engage in genuine research and leverage this opportunity. Here, I present a laboratory course in cell and molecular biology that is designed to mimic a true research project. Students work through a 10-step experimental design culminating in the construction, expression, and visualization of microtubules fused to green fluorescent protein in baker's yeast. The steps of this project include the isolation of the tubulin gene from yeast genomic DNA, the cloning of that gene into an expression vector, the amplification of this plasmid in E. coli, and the expression of fluorescent tubulin in yeast. Controls and validation steps are embedded throughout the project, as they would be in a genuine research project. This laboratory course more closely resembles a one-semester undergraduate research experience than a typical lab course. However, because this course reaches a much larger number of students compared with undergraduate research opportunities, it provides students with a valuable research experience that remains confined to the scheduled time block of a typical lab course. In this way, many of the benefits of research are experienced by a large number of undergraduates.
Set Apart
Authors: Burnett Jason
Published: October 2015

Employing elements of Bernadette Marie Calafell's critique of autoethnographic reflexivity, this essay describes the difficulties of honoring the “Other” by sharing the experience of psychosis through poetry. I question how to create shared meanings within the realities of major mental illness in critical and phenomenological terms, exploring these perceptions by breaking from narrative into the poetic expression of my idiosyncratic worlds. In doing so, I search for the clearings in Martin Heidegger's forest, embracing a vulnerable reflexivity that invites understanding and compassion: those places where we create shared meanings for each “Other” through our shifting contexts.
The Literacy of Pain
Authors: Drescher L. Hailey , Enck Suzanne
Published: October 2015

Following H. L. Goodall Jr.'s call to employ narrative ethnography to help re-establish “the centrality of personal experience and identity in the social construction of knowledge,”1 this essay examines one scholar's efforts to identify with her student, Anna, during her battle with terminal Ewing's Sarcoma. Using performative writing and the lenses of literary devices and relief humor, we seek mechanisms for grappling with the complexities of life and death: labeling devices and tropes, using what we know to figure out what we do not know, and thinking critically and reflexively.
Patterns of alternation in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Chira Alexandra , Filip Mihaela , Dumitraşcu Dan Lucian
Published: October 2015

Background and aims. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most frequent functional gastrointestinal disorders, having its subtypes related to the predominant bowel pattern: IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D), IBS with constipation (IBS-C), mixed IBS (IBS-M) or alternating IBS (IBS-A). Some patients alternate between subtypes (IBS-A). We looked for the prevalence of alternation between subtypes in patients with IBS. We also analyzed changes in pharmacological therapy specifically addressed to IBS.Methods. We performed a retrospective observational study that included 60 patients diagnosed with IBS according to Rome III criteria. Patients were asked using a detailed structured interview about their stool form changes regarding previous six months. Alternators were defined as patients that changed IBS subtype over time (previous six months).Results. Out of the 60 patients diagnosed with IBS, 18 patients (30%) were alternators. Of these, 8 patients (44%) changed twice the subtype. Two patients (66.66%) of the IBS-M subgroup shifted between subtypes. Eight patients (44.44%) changed medication over the six months. Four patients (22.2%) of the alternators were on double association of therapy (antispasmodics) addressed to IBS. Four patients (22.22%) discontinued medication.Conclusions. Patients with IBS often change between subtypes even within six months. Alternators in our pilot study represented 30% of IBS patients. IBS-M seems to be the least stable phenotype. The rarest change is the shift between IBS-C and IBS-D. Alternators also often change their pharmacological treatment (antispasmodics).
A Study on Primary School Students’ Being Cyber bully and Victim based on Gender, Grade, and Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Deniz Metin
Published: October 2015

One of the most important problems is the cyber bullying that occurs by using technological devices. Research on cyber bullying is mostly based on types of technological devices used for cyber bullying and the difference in the gender. Although these variables came to the forefront in researches, there is less research based on variables such as socioeconomic status, and grades. This research analyses whether the level of being the cyber bully and victim differs in terms of the variables “gender”, “grade”, and “socioeconomic status” of students in the primary schools. Research participants consist of 760 students; 279 students are estimated to be from the sixth grade, 243 students from the seventh grade, and 238 students from the eighth grade. The students ranged in age from 11 to 15 years, with an average age of about 12.3 years. Analysis showed significant effect on cyber bullying and cyber victim for gender and socio-economic status and significant two-way interaction effect on cyber bullying and victim for gender socio-economic status and grade socio-economic status. For cyber bullying and cyber victimization, no significant three-way interactions between demographic variables (gender, grade and socioeconomic status) were found. Key words: Cyber bullying, Cyber victim, Gender, Grade, Primary school students, Refusal cyber bullying, Refusal cyber victim, Rumor cyber bullying, Rumor  cyber victim, Sexual cyber bullying, Sexual cyber victim, Socio-economic status, Three-way analysis of variance.
Hoffmannia stephaniae (Rubiaceae), una nueva especie de Costa Rica
Authors: González Arce Luis , Poveda Álvarez Luis
Published: October 2015

Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie de Hoffmannia (Rubiaceae) que habita en el Parque Nacional La Cangreja, Puriscal, Costa Rica. Hoffmannia stephaniae es distintiva por sus hojas subsésiles y lineares. Además, el envés de la lámina foliar tiene diminutos puntos blancos (estomas) y numerosas y diminutas líneas de rafidios.
Bryophytes of the Santa Elena Peninsula and Islas Murciélago, Guanacaste, Costa Rica, with special attention to neotropical dry forest habitats
Authors: Dauphin Gregorio , Grayum Michael
Published: October 2015

Se comunican cincuenta y cinco especies de briófitos (21 hepáticas, 34 musgos) de los bosques secos de bajura y húmedos de montaña en la Península de Santa Elena y las Islas Murciélago, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Más del 50% de las especies recolectadas son de distribución neotropical, 16% son pantropicales y 12% anfiatlánticas (América-África). Nueve por ciento de las especies tiene una distribución limitada a áreas que potencialmente poseen bosque seco en México, Cuba y Costa Rica. Brachymenium spirifolium, Fissidens juruensis var. juruensis, F. radicans, F. yucatanensis, Gymnostomiella vernicosa y Rhodobryum grandifolium son nuevos registros de Costa Rica. Uleobryum peruvianum y Cephaloziella subtilis son nuevos registros de Centroamérica. La mayor diversidad de briófitos se encuentra por encima de 500 m de altitud, en el bosque húmedo de montaña de los Cerros Santa Elena, donde la mayor parte de las especies son cortícolas. En los bosques secos, suelo, troncos caídos y rocas son los hábitats briofíticos más importantes.
Transfers to Epidendrum L. from Oerstedella Rchb. f.
Authors: Hágsater Eric
Published: October 2015

Un análisis cladístico de Epidendrum y taxa afines, basado en estudios de secuencias de ADN, ha revelado que Oerstedella es un grupo de Epidendrum. Este género tiene tres clados principales: uno mexicano, uno andino y uno ampliamente distribuido. Oerstedella pertenece a este último clado, que es basal en un subclado mayormente centroamericano. Aquí se realizan 5 combinaciones nuevas y se establecen 2 nombres nuevos, para poder transferir todas las especies de Oerstedella a Epidendrum.