bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of antibiosis, antixenosis and natural variation of trichomes of wild and commercial tomato species on the development of Bactericera cockerelli
Authors: García Sánchez Adela Nazareth , Cerna Chávez Ernesto , Beltrán Beache Mariana , Ochoa Fuentes Yisa María , Delgado Juan
Published: January 2024

Bactericera cockerelli is an economically relevant pest of solanaceous crops. The presence of leaf trichomes that certain wild species have constitutes important genetic resources for plant breeding programs in terms of resistance to pests. In this study, the influence of leaf trichomes of wild species and commercial tomato cultivars on the preference, development and fecundity of B. cockerelli was evaluated. The results showed that wild species were less preferred by the psyllid than commercial cultivars. Insects showed a lower settlement percentage in S. habrochaites compared to the other species. Regarding survival, the lowest percentage developed in S. habrochaites with 24% and S. arcanum with 40%. The lowest oviposition average was found in S. habrochaites with two eggs, which did not hatch, in addition to being the only species that showed the presence of glandular trichomes type IV (113.86 ± 48.1) and VIc (27.3 ± 2.3) per mm2, and its presence was negatively correlated with the number of perched adults. S. arcanum was another species that negatively influenced the behavior and development of the insects; however, these attributes were not due to the presence of trichomes. The defense mechanisms expressed by S. habrochaites and S. arcanum towards B. cockerelli can be used as a resource for gene introgression for the management of this pest by reducing its biological potential.
Influence of contrast administration side and communication with patient on motion artefact size on breast MRI
Authors: Damir Štimac , Matea Bogović , Ana Božanić , Petra Valković Zujić
Published: January 2024

Magnetic resonance imaging is recognized as a useful modality in breast imaging. Motion is considered the most relevant cause of artefacts in breast MRI leading to degraded image quality or rendering studies non-diagnostic. The important reason for patient motion is contrast administration. Contrast administration may lead to discomfort, feeling of tingling and warmth, and pain in the arm contrast was administered to. The aim of our study was to determine the influence of contrast agent injection side and improve communication with patients on motion artifacts on subtraction reconstructions in order to prove that unexpected events may cause non-physiological movement resulting in motion artifacts, and that well-timed warning may decrease such artifacts. 146 patients with breast MRI from July 2019 to May 2020 were included. 71 of them were warned before the dynamic sequence started, and 75 of them didn't receive any warning for contrast application. The pectoral shift, in millimeters in the anteroposterior and lateral-lateral directions, was measured. Pectoral shift showed to be larger in unwarned patients when compared to warned ones with high significance (p=0.001) -no artifacts were observed in 361 warned, and 267 in unwarned women. Furthermore, artifacts were significantly larger on the side contralateral to contrast administration (median value of 2mm for the same side, and 1mm on the opposite side). In conclusion, our study showed that if patients knew the exact time of contrast application, the motion artifacts would be less pronounced; and that we should apply the contrast agent on the side opposite to the breast pathology is expected in.
Usage of human diatomaceous earth
Authors: Joseph Mwangi
Published: January 2024

Diatomaceous earth is naturally formed sedimentary mineral rock resulting from the remains of diatoms, or oceanic unicellular algae. It is extracted from diatoms mined from deposits of diatomite and manufactured into a powder that is diatomaceous earth for human use, as a natural compound. It is gaining popularity as having an outstanding list of health benefits and non-toxic, no-known side effect origins. In this paper, a comprehensive review is presented to highlight the availability, benefits, mechanism of operation, and effects on the use of Human Diatomaceous Earth. The review revealed that diatomaceous earth has an outstanding list of health benefits and non-toxic, no-known side effects. It has the ability to lower the concentration of cholesterol in the blood. It is a very essential mineral for tendons, cartilage, blood vessels, and bones. Diatomaceous Earth is also considered to greatly help the body in getting rid of toxic substances such as heavy metals. It improves body joints bones, and ligaments through silica, which is the highest-occurring compound in diatomaceous earth that aids in the metabolism and formation of the joints.
Hereditary spastic paraplegias
Authors: Kutlubaeva R. F. , Kutlubaev M. A. , Magzhanov R. V. , Sayfullina E. V. , Khidiyatova I. M.
Published: January 2024

Hereditary spastic paraplegias represent a group of hereditary neurodegenerative disorders predominantly affecting corticospinal tracts which manifest with prominent spasticity and reduced power in the muscles of the lower limbs. According to clinical signs hereditary spastic paraplegias are divided into uncomplicated (classic) and complicated forms, according to the nature of inheritance – into autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive and X-linked. Mechanisms of the development of hereditary spastic paraplegias depend on the form and could be associated with misfolding of the proteins in endoplasmatic reticulum, mitochondrial dysfunction, changes in the cholesterol metabolism etc. Diagnosis is made after exclusion of other disorders of the central nervous system and could be confirmed by molecular genetic methods. Treatment of hereditary spastic paraplegias is symptomatic.
Feminatywy oraz inne spory o słowa. Próba diagnozy i propozycje pozytywne
Authors: Łaziński Marek
Published: January 2024

Artykuł jest próbą podsumowania społecznej dyskusji o feminatywach i innych zmianach inkluzywnych w języku. Język inkluzywny definiujemy jako niewyłączający z debaty żadnej grupy ludzkiej. Termin polityczna poprawność traktujemy jako deprecjonujący. W kolejnych częściach tekstu przypominamy najgłośniejsze spory o język ostatnich lat: spory o nowe nazwy żeńskie, o nazwy etniczne i quasi-etniczne, w tym spory o słowo Murzyn czy przyimek przed nazwą Ukraina. Na podstawie korpusów i zasobów językowych proponujemy nowe metody ustalania konotacji słów. Porównujemy liczbę prawniczych wątpliwości co do interpretacji maskulinum generycznego i gatunkowej liczby pojedynczej. Generyczność liczby rodzi więcej problemów interpretacyjnych niż generyczność rodzaju. Oba zjawiska traktujemy jako językowo typowe, ale pierwsze warto ograniczać ze względów społecznych. Proponujemy nową metodę ustalenia stopnia stygmatyzacji nazwy w korpusach równoległych poprzez wyszukanie kontekstów, w którym dana nazwa jest w polskim przekładzie dodana bez źródła w oryginale. Język inkluzywny traktujemy jako całość, kompleks zmian, które powinny być opisywane łącznie. Zmiany inkluzywne to nie moda ostatnich lat, lecz naturalny proces, który trwa od stuleci (choć sam termin jest nowy). Przypominamy spory o język sprzed 100 lat: o nazwy Rusin i Ukrainiec, o przyimki z nazwami państw, o polskie formy adresatywne. Oddajemy też głos obrońcom tradycji i analizujemy ich argumenty. Przeciwnicy „politycznej poprawności” akceptują i stosują poszczególne, izolowane zmiany inkluzywne. Podsumowaniem artykułu są propozycje pozytywne, zasad komunikacji społecznej możliwe chyba do zaakceptowania przez obie strony polskiego sporu o język i tradycję. Obejmują one z jednej strony uznanie zmian inkluzywnych za naturalny proces językowy i akceptację ich, z drugiej strony nietraktowanie ich jako wyrazu poglądów politycznych czy światopoglądu, brak wyrzutów sumienia, że zanim zmiany zaszły, mówiliśmy inaczej.
Polski Spisz jako region pogranicza. Z perspektywy jego mieszkańców
Authors: Kulak Ilona
Published: January 2024

Polski Spisz jako miejsce zetknięcia się różnych grup etnicznych czy religijnych stanowi niezaprzeczalny przykład regionu pogranicza, pojmowanego w sposób szeroki – jako sfera współistnienia różnych zjawisk. Celem artykułu jest omówienie typów granic, z jakimi mamy do czynienia na wspomnianym terenie. Wielowymiarowego i syntetyzującego spojrzenia dokonuje się z perspektywy mieszkańców regionu, toteż materiał badawczy został wyekscerpowany z Korpusu Spiskiego – bazy tekstów i nagrań gwarowych dokumentujących język mieszkańców Spisza, powstałej w wyniku indywidualnych i grupowych wywiadów z osobami zamieszkującymi polskie wsie. Na jego podstawie wyodrębnia się pogranicza w wymiarze geograficznym, etnicznym, religijnym, językowym, społeczno-kulturowym oraz czasowym. Niniejszy szkic ma więc charakter interdyscyplinarny: podnosi tematykę słowiańskich kontaktów językowych i kulturowych, odwołuje się do badań socjolingwistycznych, dialektologicznych oraz antropologiczno-etnologicznych. W początkowej części pracy autorka odwołuje się do różnych kategorii pogranicza i krótko przedstawia dzieje Spisza. Następnie, w właściwej części artykułu, łączy wiedzę teoretyczną z informacjami pozyskanymi od respondentów. Dokonany przegląd pokazuje, że polski Spisz jest obszarem wyjątkowym na tle innych regionów geograficzno-historycznych. Stanowi bowiem kontaminację pierwiastków polskich i słowackich, a także węgierskich, niemieckich, żydowskich, romskich i wołoskich. Można go określić jako pogranicze strefowe, zamieszkiwane przez pokrewną społeczność słowiańską. Podobieństwo języków i kultur sprawia, że obecnie na polskim Spiszu nie ma ostrych konfliktów etnicznych czy narodowościowych, a mieszkańców charakteryzuje postawa otwartości. Z materiału wynika jednak, że górali spiskich cechuje równocześnie opozycyjna postawa – etnocentryzm ludowy, czyli niechęć do tego, co inne, obce i nieznane. Jego źródła upatrywać należy w przemianach polityczno-historycznych zachodzących na przestrzeni wieków.
Chorwacki i słoweński pamiątkowy krajobraz językowy nazw ulic na początku XXI wieku. Kontestacja, reprodukcja i redefinicja titostalgii
Authors: Mirocha Piotr
Published: January 2024

Przedmiot niniejszego artykułu stanowią najnowsze zmiany pamiątkowych nazw ulic i placów (odonimów) w Chorwacji (spory toczące się po 2013 roku: Zagrzeb, Szybenik, Karlovac, Mursko Središće, Velika Gorica, Varaždinske Toplice) i Słowenii (spory toczące się po 2010 roku: Lublana, Radenci). Miejscowości zostały wybrane w wyniku przeglądu materiałów prasowych, połączonego z jakościową analizą znalezionych tekstów, która została przeprowadzona przy pomocy podejścia dyskursywno-historycznego. Analiza ujawniła aktorów zaangażowanych w kontrowersje nazewnicze, a ich argumentacja została interdyskursywnie powiązana z toposami pamięci kulturowej obu krajów (totalitaryzm, antyfaszyzm). Metody badań nad krajobrazami językowymi umiejscowiły sporne nazwy w szerokim kontekście przestrzennym, odkrywając nastawienia niewystarczająco reprezentowanych aktorów społecznych: odgórny charakter zmian nazw i reakcję społeczną, często nacechowaną bierną akceptacją zmian. Badania wykazały wielość reakcji w przemianowywanych przestrzeniach i różnorodność ich wykorzystania, zależną od wielkości miejscowości. Miasta stołeczne (Zagrzeb, Lublana) stanowią miejsca intensywnej oddolnej aktywności semiotycznej, również powiązanej z konfliktami o nazwy. Aktywność jest także mocna w miastach o znaczeniu regionalnym (Karlovac, Szybenik), jednakże, mimo iż czasem ma ona charakter ideologiczny, nie wydaje się ona odnosić do najnowszych kontrowersji nazewniczych. Wiele aktywności semiotycznych jest również podejmowanych w miastach satelickich metropolii (Velika Gorica, Zaprešić), lecz ich treść ma znacznie mniej zideologizowany charakter. Wreszcie miasteczka i wsie (Mursko Središće, Radenci, Varaždinske Toplice) są znacznie uboższe semiotycznie, a zmiany nazw zdają się mieć charakter odgórny, według modelu miast stołecznych. Ogólnie biorąc, przemianowywane ulice i place są przeważnie scenami intensywnych oddolnych i odgórnych praktyk semiotycznych – z drugiej strony, praktyki te rzadko angażują się bezpośrednio w spory wokół znaczenia nazw. Pod tym względem przypadek zagrzebski zdaje się pozostawać wyjątkowym.
Mechanizmy tworzenia konstrukcji słowotwórczych przez dzieci z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w stopniu lekkim na przykładzie kategorii nazw narzędzi
Authors: Szurek Mateusz
Published: January 2024

Przyswajanie reguł i kategorii słowotwórczych jest ściśle powiązane z kategoriami poznawczymi człowieka, dlatego tak istotne jest poznanie mechanizmów ich tworzenia, szczególnie w wypadku obniżenia sprawności intelektualnych. Badaniami objęto 30 dzieci pięcio- i sześcioletnich z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w stopniu lekkim (LNI). W celu porównania kompetencji słowotwórczych dzieci z LNI do dzieci w normie intelektualnej, skompletowano dwie grupy kontrolne, w skład których weszło 30 dzieci o typowym rozwoju w takim samym bądź znacznie zbliżonym wieku umysłowym (GKWU) oraz 30 dzieci o typowym rozwoju dobranych ze względu na wiek metrykalny (GKWM). Aby odpowiedzieć na nurtujące pytania – m.in. o dynamikę rozwoju słowotwórstwa u dzieci z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w stopniu lekkim, ewentualne opóźnienia, tożsamość bądź odmienność jakościową i ilościową w przyswajaniu reguł słowotwórczych w stosunku do dzieci o typowym rozwoju, analizie poddano umiejętność kodowania kategorii nazw narzędzi (nomina instrumenti), wyróżniając poprawnie utworzone konstrukcje oraz szczegółowe sposoby nieprawidłowego ich tworzenia. Artykuł stanowi próbę ukazania rozwoju umiejętności słowotwórczych w sytuacji wystąpienia u dziecka ograniczeń poznawczych w postaci lekkiej niepełnosprawności intelektualnej w wieku przedszkolnym, czyli na etapie kształtowania się całego systemu językowego, tj. w okresie, w którym dziecko zna już podstawy języka, ale do końca nie opanowało jeszcze wszystkich jego podsystemów. W wyniku przeprowadzonych analiz wykazano, że w związku z obniżeniem sprawności intelektualnych w mowie dzieci z LNI występuje duża liczba niepoprawnych konstrukcji słowotwórczych. Badani posiadają niski poziom umiejętności w zakresie tworzenia formacji, natomiast posługują się takimi samymi mechanizmami językowymi jak ich rówieśnicy w normie intelektualnej, wykazując gotowość do przyswojenia systemu reguł słowotwórczych.
Ramy w prasowych przekazach o zdrowiu w kontekście ich (nie)etyczności
Authors: Zierkiewicz Edyta
Published: January 2024

Współczesne media, zarówno tradycyjne, jak i elektroniczne, obszernie podejmują kwestie zdrowia psychosomatycznego, a także starają się uwypuklić zdrowotne aspekty zagadnień, które mogą, ale nie muszą, być łączone z psychofizycznym dobrostanem. Zdrowie bowiem stało się bardzo atrakcyjnym tematem rozważań. Sposób przedstawiania kwestii zdrowia i choroby ma znaczenie zarówno dla twórców, jak i użytkowników mediów. Ci pierwsi często starają się wpływać na ukształtowanie u odbiorców prozdrowotnych postaw lub zachęcić ich do określonych wyborów konsumpcyjnych, a ci drudzy traktują przekazy o zdrowiu jako źródło podręcznej wiedzy i podpowiedzi dotyczących stylu życia. Naczelną wartością nadawców (dziennikarzy, reklamodawców, edukatorów itp.) jest skuteczność ich oddziaływań, dlatego zdarza się, że przekazy, które kierują do odbiorców zagrażają ich dobrostanowi (np. wzmagają lęk i skłonność do wycofywania się). W tekście przedstawione zostały wyniki badań naukowych, których celem było zidentyfikowanie sposobów ujmowania zdrowia w wybranych polskich mediach drukowanych (ram przekazu) w kontekście ich etyczności, rozumianej jako respektowanie praw odbiorców, umożliwianie im podejmowania przemyślanych i autonomicznych decyzji itp. W zgromadzonym materiale prasowym użyto 14 ram, przy czym najczęściej występowały trzy spośród nich: biomedyczna, indywidualnej odpowiedzialności oraz sprawczości, co znajduje potwierdzenie w wynikach badań innych autorów, a co zinterpretować można jako stałe, ogólnoświatowe, tendencje mediów do sposobów prezentowania kwestii zdrowia. Dwie pierwsze ramy określić można jako ambiwalentne pod względem etycznym. Zagadnienia zdrowia warto by czasami ramować w sposób alternatywny lub ujmować w kontr-ramach, np. w ramie aktywizmu pacjenckiego czy ramie odpowiedzialności społecznej, po to, aby jednocześnie działać skutecznie (np. przez zachęcenie odbiorców do poznawczego przetwarzania treści) i etycznie.
Yogurt consumption in Türkiye, commercial use of yogurt yeast and evaluation of consumers' attitudes to yogurt-like products produced using different yeasts
Authors: YANGILAR Filiz
Published: January 2024

In this study, it is aimed to determine the consumption of readymade and homemade yogurt, the level of knowledge about different yeasts (chickpea, dewdrop, sugar, cone, vinegar, etc.) that can be used while fermenting yogurt, and their attitudes to use yogurt leavening in case it is sold commercially. The research was carried out with 500 participants, 427 females (85.4%) and 73 males (14.6) between 18-74. 77.0% of the female participants and 61.6% of the men shared that they had fermented yogurt. 80.1% of the women and 84.9% of the men did not know about using different raw materials as leavening agents other than yogurt yeast. According to their educational status, 54.5% of associate degree graduates wanted yogurt yeast to be sold in market, like rennet, 55.9% of postgraduate participants wanted to use it if it was sold, and 48.5% of them said yes to the reliability of yogurt yeast. In addition, the participants stated that they liked to consume yogurt in general, found homemade yogurt healthier, and made their own yogurt.
Exploring the utilization potential of kaolin in the Balıkesir Sındırgı region
Authors: ERKAN İlker , ALP İbrahim
Published: January 2024

Natural kaolins may contain some metal cations (K+, Na+, Mg+2, Ca+2) and anions such as carbonate, phosphate, and sulfate as impurities, depending on the formation conditions. The kaolins of Turkiye generally give a high-quality white color after firing due to their low Fe2O3 content. Unfortunately, Turkiye’s kaolin deposits generally contain high levels of SO3. Since the alunite mineral, which is the source of SO3, cannot be removed from the structure by known methods, kaolins containing alunite can only be used in the white cement sector. In this study, the suitability of the kaolins of the Balıkesir Sındırgı region, which has a large part of the kaolin reserves of Turkiye, to the areas of use where kaolin is mostly used in its current state has been investigated, and the samples obtained from the region have been examined in which areas of use they are suitable for use in raw form, and suggestions have been made about the enrichment methods to be carried out by comparing with the studies in the literature.
Early Upper Paleolithic Tubular Beads from the Main Chamber of Denisova Cave
Authors: Shunkov M. V. , Fedorchenko A. Y. , Kozlikin M. B.
Published: January 2024

The authors present the results of a technological and functional analysis of bone tubular beads from the Upper Paleolithic layer 11 in the Main Chamber of Denisova Cave, northwestern Altai. Tubular beads are among the most widespread categories of Early Upper Paleolithic ornaments from the cave. The technological sequence of operations has been reconstructed. It included several stages: selection of blank, planing, manufacture of preform by truncating the epiphyses, ornamenting the preform, marking preforms for fracturing into short tubes, sawing or cutting, fragmentation by cuts, removal of cancellous bone, and smoothing the fracture surfaces. Prepared blanks and diagnostic production waste were not noted in the technological context of the complex; this indicates that the tubular beads were probably manufactured outside the excavated area of the Main Chamber. The analyses revealed traces of wear caused by contact with clothing or human skin and by threading on a string or thin strap. Tubular beads were used by the Upper Paleolithic inhabitants of the cave as elements of clothing, necklaces, and probably bracelets. The closest but still considerably distant parallels to the tubular beads from the Altai are Aurignacian ornaments of a similar age from Western, Central, and Eastern Europe.
Shift of the Yenisei and Abakan Beds as Reasons for Constructing the Second Abakan Fort in 1707
Authors: Skobelev S. G.
Published: January 2024

The study explores the reasons behind the relocation of the construction site for Fort Abakan from the mouth of the Abakan River, as initially planned, to the right bank of the Yenisei River, between two mountains, Unyuk and Turan. The shift of sand ridges, damming these rivers and changing their beds, is examined, and the locations of the projected forts are described. Written sources suggest that the Abakan and Yenisei beds as related systems changed their positions simultaneously, likely between 1691 and 1697 and definitely no earlier than 700–400 BC. Modern hydrological data suggest that processes that occurred in the region in the Early Modern Age were essentially like those that occurred in the Early Iron Age. The earlier date of the Abakan bed’s change is evidenced by the destruction of the 1st millennium BC Tagar sites near Sartykov village on the Abakan. At present, the Yenisei makes an abrupt eastward turn in that place, following the general direction of rivers in the region. D.A. Klements’s idea that after leaving the Western Sayan canyon, the Yenisei had flowed westwards is rejected. The change of location for the prospective fort was caused by the evolution of riverine systems of Western Siberia, specifically by the shift in the Abakan bed.
Effect of Physical Activity on Portal Vein Resistance Index
Authors: Vinogradov Aleksandr A. , Andreyeva Irina V. , Simakova Evgeniya S.
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION: In norm, adaptation of an organism to physical exercise is determined by the liver functions that ensure high working capacity. To this end, of a special interest are parameters of portal hemodynamics, in particular, the resistance index (RI) as the main coordinator of the differences in the linear velocity of blood flow between the phases of cardiac cycle. Dosed physical exercise is a relevant way of health improvement for not only practically healthy people, but also for people who have suffered COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), and who were diagnosed with liver damage. Such patients are prescribed physical rehabilitation for their health recovery.
AIM: To study age-related changes in the portal vein (PV) RI and the effect of physical exercise in the form of forced dosed running on this parameter of the portal hemodynamics in an experiment on rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In young rats of 14–16-month age, which corresponds to 35–40 years of human age, the age-related changes in the portal vein RI were studied using ultrasound Dopplerometry. In animals of the control group, PV RI was studied during 75-day observation, in the experimental group — in the course of daily forced, dosed running on the 1st day, after 15, 30, 45 and 60 days, and also in 15 days after cessation of physical exercise. The actual effect of physical exercise on the change in the PV RI was evaluated with the deduction of age-related changes of the parameter.
RESULTS: In the animals of the control group, after 60 days of the experiment, the PV RI increased by 5.44 ± 1.22%, and in the experimental group — by 24.10 ± 2.12%. After a 15-day recovery period, the parameter declined, but remained 9.11 ± 0.70% above the initial level. After deduction of the age-related changes of the parameter, the PV RI was 4.36 ± 1.93% above the initial one.
CONCLUSION: Changes in the PV RI in daily dosed physical exercise did not go beyond the physiological norm and were transient. After a 15-day recovery period, the PV RI practically approached the initial parameter.
Regulation of ABCB1 Protein Function in the Cerebral Cortex with the Underlying Global Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Chernykh Ivan V. , Shchul’kin Aleksey V. , Popova Natal'ya M. , Gatsanoga Mariya V. , Yakusheva Elena N.
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION: ABCB1 is a membrane transporter protein responsible for efflux of a wide range of drugs from cells. The study of the mechanisms of regulation of the functioning of ABCB1 protein in the brain in its ischemia will permit to propose new approaches to pharmacotherapy of cerebral ischemic pathology.
AIM: To study the regulation of ABCB1 protein function in the cerebral cortex of rats with global cerebral ischemia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experiment was performed on 30 male rats with global cerebral ischemia modeled by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries. The amount of ABCB1 protein and Nrf2 and HIF-1α transcription factors in the cerebral cortex was determined by enzyme immunoassay. The free radical status of the cerebral cortex was assessed by the concentration of malondialdehyde, SH groups, and by glutathione peroxidase (G-per) activity.
RESULTS: Bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries caused an increase in the level of ABCB1 protein in the cerebral cortex of rats by the 4th hour of ischemia; in 24 hours it remained elevated, and in 72 hours decreased to values that did not differ from those of falsely operated rats. The content of malondialdehyde in the cerebral cortex increased in 2 and 4 hours after occlusion and then gradually decreased to the initial values. In 30 minutes and 4 hours after ischemia modeling, G-per activity decreased compared to the control values. The content of Nrf2 in the cerebral cortex increased in 2 and 4 hours after occlusion, then slightly decreased on the next day, and reached the initial values on the 3rd day of the experiment. The amount of HIF-1α increased only in 24 and 72 hours after the surgery.
CONCLUSION: The amount of ABCB1 protein in the cerebral cortex of rats with global cerebral ischemia depends on the severity of oxidative stress, with Nrf2 and HIF-1α transcription factors playing a role in its regulation. Reduction of the amount of the transporter in the blood-brain barrier through the influence on the lipid peroxidation processes or synthesis of the studied transcription factors expands the possibilities of using ABCB1 protein substrates for improving the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy of diseases of the central nervous system.
Culture Method and Regulation Mechanisms of Stages of C2C12 Cell Line Myogenesis
Authors: Isayeva Mariya O. , Gadzhiyeva Fidan Т. , Abalenikhina Yuliya V. , Shchul’kin Aleksey V. , Yakusheva Elena N.
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION: C2C12 is an immortalized mouse myoblast cell line actively used as in vitro experimental models to study skeletal muscle metabolism in biomedical research. C2C12 cells can differentiate into myocytes under appropriate culture conditions. It is important to understand the specifics of each stage of myogenesis and its regulatory mechanisms for the targeted exposure and development of medical drugs, taking into account the mechanisms of pathogenesis of various diseases.
AIM: To describe the method of culturing С2С12 cell line and to study regulatory mechanisms of С2С12 cell line myogenesis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on C2C12 cell line. Differentiation of myoblasts was induced in the nutrient medium containing 2% horse serum. The differentiation stages were evaluated by studying the cells on the 1st, 4th and 7th days. Cells before differentiation were used as a comparison group. At each differentiation stage, the myoblast fusion index (IM) was evaluated with preliminary staining of the cells by Romanowsky–Giemsa method. The cell differentiation mechanism was evaluated by the level of myosin, a-actin, myogenic differentiation protein (MyoD), myogenin (MyoG) using Western blot method.
RESULTS: On the 1st day of C2C12 cells culturing, formation of myotubes was observed (IM = 0.15 ± 0.05), on the 4th day — fusion of myoblasts with the formation of binucleated cells accompanied by an increase in the amount of MyoD and α-actin protein (IM = 0.44 ± 0.14). By the 7th day of differentiation, the fusion of cells increased with the formation of myotubes containing more than two nuclei; the content of MyoD and α-actin did not differ from the control, and the amount of MyoG and myosin increased (IM = 0.77 ± 0.04).
CONCLUSION: The described method of culturing C2C12 cell line in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium with a high glucose content (4500 mg/l), containing 2% horse serum, L-glutamine (4 mМ), 100 Un/ml and 100 µg/ml of penicillin and streptomycin, is suitable for the formation of muscle cells, where MyoD and MyoG participate in the regulation of the increase in the amount of specific muscle proteins — α-actin and myosin.
Text Mining - Analisis Teks Terkait Isu Vaksinasi COVID-19 (Text Mining - Text Analysis Related to COVID-19 Vaccination Issues)
Authors: Anggraini Novita , Harahap Edi Surya Negara , Kurniawan Tri Basuki
Published: January 2024

Sebagai langkah untuk dapat mengurangi penularan COVID-19, pemerintah tengah menggalakkan program vaksinasi sehingga tercapainya herd immunity. Disebabkan kegagalan vaksinasi  sebelumnya, sebagian besar masyarakat menolak dengan keras adanya vaksinasi, hal ini sangat disayangkan karena terjadi kegaduhan ditengah–tengah masyarakat. Dalam proses menarik kembali kepercayaan masyarakat, pemerintah mecoba menyebaran luaskan informasi vaksinasi lewat media sosial (instagram), kemudian inilah yang menjadi daya tarik peneliti untuk mengeksplorasi lebih lanjut proses vaksinasi. Dari banyaknya opini masyarakat terdapat beberapa hal yang mungkin masih sulit ditemukan, sebab itulah perlunya analisis teks. Analisis teks dilakukan bertujuan melihat term rangking dan informasi lainnya dengan metode Rule-based Sentiment Analysis. TF-IDF & LSI/LSA adalah jenis metode rule mining yang digunakan dalam penerapan ektrasi informasi. Hasil analisis penelitian ini kemungkinan mempengaruhi informasi lainnya. Seperti analisis persepsi pengguna digunakan untuk melihat gambaran lebih luas tentang isu atau topik pembicaraan penting, serta titik temu permasalahan berkaitan dengan vaksinasi COVID-19.
Measuring Basic Capabilities of Adolescents Digital Literacy in Medan to Prevent Fake News Exposure
Authors: Rajagukguk Mickhael , Zulkarnain Iskandar
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study is to measure basic digital literacy skills for adolescents in Medan. The basic digital literacy skills include analyzing, verifying, and finding information obtained. Quantitative method is used in this study to analyzed the findings descriptively. The research design is applied in the form of an online survey. The population used in this study was a group of middle-aged adolescents (15-18 years) in Medan. Taro Yamame formula is used to determine the sample size of this study. Due to Taro Yamame formula, the sample size involved in this study was 300 respondents, with a margin of error of 5.76%. The results shows that teenagers in Medan generally have basic digital literacy skills to ward off fake news at a capable and very capable level. However, there are some records where teenagers are still not very able to implement the ability to analyze and find the information they get from online media.
Produk Jurnalisme Data di Media Digital pada Masa Pandemi
Authors: Yusuf Ainun Jariah , Ahmad Nyarwi
Published: January 2024

Lokalisasi jurnalisme data di Indonesia telah menghasilkan berita-berita berbasis data. Lokalisasi dan konteks COVID-19 dapat mendorong terbentuknya berita berbasis data yang berbeda dari sifat produk jurnalisme data yang investigatif dan kompleks. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menilai elemen-elemen berita produk jurnalisme data pada 317 berita COVID-19 berbasis data di media daring di Indonesia, yakni Katadata.co.id, Kompas.id, dan Tirto.id. Kerangka analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini didasarkan pada konsep konsep elemen-elemen berita produk jurnalisme data (Zamith 2019; Ojo dan Heravi 2018; Loosen, Reimer, dan De Silva-Schmidt 2020). Hasil analisis isi kuantitatif menunjukkan bahwa berita COVID-19 berbasis data di ketiga media daring di Indonesia dicirikan dengan sumber berita yang cenderung bergantung pada sumber terbuka pra-analisis, visualisasi data dan fitur interaktif yang tidak begitu kompleks, dan lemahnya penerapan transparansi sumber dan proses. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa jurnalisme data yang berkembang di Indonesia di tengan Pandemi COVID-19 adalah model jurnalisme data harian, yang dibentuk berdasarkan ketersediaan data dan perangkat lunak yang mudah diakses dan gratis.
Evaluasi Teknologi Pendukung Work-From-Home: Studi Kasus pada Badan Kepegawaian Negara
Authors: Avianto Galih Kenang
Published: January 2024

Penerapan working-from-home (WFH) di instansi pemerintah belum diikuti dengan perubahan regulasi yang menaunginya. Akibatnya, investasi dan usaha pemerintah untuk mendorong adopsi WFH sebagai upaya meningkatkan produktivitas pegawai menjadi tidak optimal yang disebabkan beragam faktor. Faktor yang memengaruhi pegawai menggunakan teknologi WFH perlu dianalisis agar pegawai tetap memiliki keinginan bekerja dari rumah pasca-pandemi dan penerapannya dapat mendukung tujuan organisasi. UTAUT digunakan sebagai dasar pengembangan model penelitian dengan menambahkan faktor lain berdasarkan literatur. Metode PLS-SEM digunakan untuk menganalisis data dan menguji hipotesis yang diajukan. Perceived self-efficacy dan Compatibility merupakan faktor yang terbukti berpengaruh posisitif terhadap adopsi teknologi WFH dengan kekuatan prediksi model sebesar 57.7%. Organisasi yang memberikan pilihan WFH bagi pegawainya harus menyediakan pelatihan dan mengidentifikasi jenis pekerjaan yang sesuai sehingga pegawai akan bersedia melakukan WFH meskipun pandemi telah selesai.
Remembering the Present. The Pandemic in Museum Collections in the Light of Rapid Response Collecting Method
Authors: Głażewska Ewa , Karwatowska Małgorzata
Published: January 2024

Collecting items pertaining to current events, at the very moment they happen, has been known at least since the time after the attacks on the World Trade Center in New York in 2001. Such a practice is associated with the Rapid Response Collecting method. The challenge for museums on how to keep track of history happening in front of our eyes was the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Museums, like other cultural institutions in times of lockdown, had to relocate their efforts and switch to virtual activities. The article analyzes the practical initiatives of some museums, namely, two from abroad and two from Poland, to show how these institutions decided to remember the times of the pandemic, thus implementing the strategy of „rapid response” and the principle of participation. At the same time, we would like to prompt reflection on what will remain in our memory following these difficult two years, i.e., what artifacts, situations, and emotions will be associated with the „times of the plague”.
The Struggle for Recognition. The Orthodox Church in Poland and Its Efforts to Recognize Its Autocephaly by the Russian Orthodox Church, 1923–1928
Authors: Wysocki Roman
Published: January 2024

The tomos by the Patriarch of Constantinople that granted autocephaly to the Orthodox Church in Poland in 1924 did not end the efforts to independence that Church. The main question was the recognition of the act by all of the other Orthodox Churches. The greatest problems were encountered in contacts with the Russian Orthodox Church, which believed that only it had the right to issue an act allowing the Orthodox Church in Poland to become independent. There was an exchange of correspondence between the heads of the both Churches (1923–1928), which did not lead to an agreement, but at the same time showed their stances.
Kiev’s Voivode, Tomasz Zamoyski’, Travels from Kiev to Zamość (November 4–21, 1619) – Itineraries Contribution to the Analysis of Magnate Mobility in the Modern Era
Authors: Kupczewska Marta
Published: January 2024

In the Zamoyski Archives, kept in the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw, there is a description of a journey from Kiev to Zamość made by Tomasz Zamoyski, the voivode of Kiev (born in 1594 – died in 1638). This document, written by the magnate, is a day-to-day itinerary from 4 to 21 November 1619. A short descriptive itinerary records of the towns or obstacles the travelers pass over (mainly rivers). Valuable – from a scientific perspective – is also the specification of the daily distance covered and measured in miles. In some cases, the report also contains mentions of the owners of the estates visited by the voivode and his retinue. Recalled handwritten data makes it possible to conduct a more in-depth investigation’ into the domestic mobility of Polish-Lithuanian political elites of the modern era. This article focuses on three main issues. Firstly, reconstructing the course of the analyzed travel route and comparing it with the main roads of the time in Kiev and Volhynia. Secondly, calculating how much, according to the itinerary, was one mile. Thirdly, determining the daily pace of travel of Tomasz Zamoyski's retinue. The last two issues will be compared with the previous research results of other researchers of the modern era.
Teacher Training Colleges on the Territory of the Kingdom of Poland in the Russian Educational Policy after the January Uprising
Authors: Szewczuk Dariusz
Published: January 2024

The activities of government teachers’ training colleges in the Kingdom of Poland in the years 1866–1915 served to prepare candidates for teaching work in elementary schools. The model of education and upbringing of future teachers adopted in the seminars was to guarantee the implementation of the Russification policy in elementary education. The graduates of the seminary not only gained useful pedagogical knowledge there but also were subjected to intensive educational efforts aimed at turning them into teachers faithfully carrying out the orders of their superiors. The tasks set by the Russian authorities translated into the way of organizing didactic and educational work carried out in teachers’ training colleges and required the appropriate selection of teaching staff responsible for educating pupils.
Forced Labor Home of the Intercommunal Union for Social Welfare and Public Health of the Warsaw Province in Oryszewo as a Closed Care Institution for Reducing the Phenomena of Begging and Vagrancy in Warsaw in the Years 1932–1939 (in the Light of Press Sources)
Authors: Gontarek Alicja
Published: January 2024

Forced Labor Houses in the Second Republic were closed-type institutions. By a decision of the legislature in 1927, they served, using the language of the time, to combat begging and vagrancy through preventive (protective) measures, rather than proper punitive ones. However, only four such facilities were established between the wars, due to the prohibitively high cost of maintaining such facilities. Their operation was handled by municipal associations, which received state funding. Established in 1932, the modern Forced Labor House in Oryszew, based on Belgian models, was the first such institution in the former Russian partition established by the Intercommunal Union for Social Welfare and Public Health of the Warsaw Province. Although it did not play a key role in reducing the phenomena of begging and vagrancy in the capital, in a system of establishments aimed at helping representatives of the social margins, its role was gaining importance, and this initiative should be appreciated. Between 20 and 30 percent of those captured by the police in Warsaw and subsequently tried by municipal courts were sent to it. These were mainly parochial individuals, not professional beggars or vagrants. While the campaign to forcibly remove representatives of the social margins from the streets of Warsaw succeeded, thanks in part to the Oryszewski workhouse, the correctional and rehabilitation goal was not achieved.
The Armed Forces of the Polish People’s Republic in the 1950 s of the 20th Century – Social, Political and Cultural Conditions of the Military Service
Authors: Orłowski Paweł
Published: January 2024

The article attempts to demonstrate the process of forming the Armed Forces of the Polish People’s Republic (PRL), with particular emphasis put on certain aspects, primarily the social ones, that could be observed at that time. The aim of the article is also to demonstrate the political and cultural conditions in which cadre and conscript soldiers conducted their military service. At the same time, the article shows numerous irregularities and shortcomings which the military leadership struggled with.
Sacred Text Narratives and Religious Violence: The Case of Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) in Indonesia
Authors: Akbar Hikmatul , Hasan Noorhaidi , Sofjan Dicky
Published: January 2024

FPI is one among several Islamist Groups in Indonesia. Seeing through its fierce actions, people tend to judge FPI as radicals. Some political elites even classify it as terrorist. Despite the fact that it violates many rules, FPI claims to be a religious and pious one. The government disbanded FPI at the end of 2020 because of its numerous violent actions. However, it continues to get support from many Islamic communities. For some conservative Muslims, FPI actions are a sample of how Islamic teaching should be applied in daily life. Using qualitative research and narrative analysis, this paper explored the narrative of Sacred Text, especially the Quran and Hadith presented by FPI, on how it is managed, interpreted, and spread to the public. This paper also explored the possible errors FPI made in narrating sacred text. The results show FPI’s determination to interpret and narrate sacred text as a way to achieve a goal, without considering the views of other religious scholars and books that can better guide narrating and interpreting the Sacred Text.
Connexa: No. 20: Diciembre, 2023: síntesis trimestral de información y datos sobre integración y comercio
Authors:   Instituto para la Integración de América Latina y el Caribe
Published: January 2024

En esta edición de Connexa se presenta un resumen del desempeño del sector externo de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) a lo largo de 2023, detallando el comportamiento de variables clave para las exportaciones de bienes como los precios de los productos básicos, la demanda global, los fletes y los tipos de cambio. Asimismo, se analiza el comportamiento de la inversión extranjera directa. En el ámbito de los acuerdos comerciales, se presentan los avances de la región en las negociaciones tanto intra como extrarregionales.
Siphon-type hydroelectric plants: application for power generation in a low head dam in southern Brazil
Authors: Pizutti Janaina Terhorst , Galdino Carlos Henrique Pereira Assunção , Meirelles Fernando Setembrino Cruz , Beluco Alexandre
Published: January 2024

Hydroelectric energy continues to be the most representative renewable resource in the world, accounting today for 40% of installed capacity. The availability of water, combined with the technologies for generating electricity at a reasonable cost, have sustained the success of this type of generation over the years. Continuing to leverage the hydroelectric sector is even more challenging today, because there is a growing world demand for energy, at the same time that the most attractive places from an economic point of view have already been benefited. The current context refers to approaches to water exploitation aimed at exploiting smaller-scale potentials and existing water structures that operate in a multifunctional way. Solidified in this conjecture, the purpose of this study is to contribute, in the sense of attributing alternatives, for the generation of energy in existing low head dams through the pre-dimensioning of a siphon plant. This type of plant is part of a specific and still evolving niche for decentralized power generation. The reduced structural requirements (generator, turbine, and suction tube), as well as the minimal intervention in the existing structure of the dam, the cessation of new socio-environmental and economic impacts related to the construction of a new plant are the main favorable characteristics of these facilities. The case study of an inoperative plant and the tools available in the Homer Software for data simulation were used as methodological resources. Two base configurations were considered: one with 100% renewable matrices and another one including a diesel generator. From them, different hybrid systems, to determine an optimal configuration in terms of net present cost, were simulated. Among the simulations performed, the most promising optimal solution was hybrid, considering among its components a set of siphon turbines totaling 271 kW, plus 50 kW in photovoltaic modules and 140 kW in a diesel support system. A battery bank with 32 200 Ah batteries complemented this system. The energy cost for this system is $0.164 per kWh. For a system without diesel and with 0% service failures, viable results appear only up to 2600 kWh load.
Evaluation of mercury in skin lightening creams commonly used in Trinidad and Tobago and their associated health risk
Authors: Mohammed Terry , Rambocas Nadira , Basdeo Sanjeev , Kissoon Yasphal
Published: January 2024

Objectives: This study investigated the presence of mercury in commonly used over the counter skin-lightening creams available in Trinidad and Tobago. The objective of this study was to evaluate if skin-lightening creams commonly used in Trinidad and Tobago contained Mercury, and establish the health risks presented by these products.
Methods: Nineteen skin-lightening creams were analysed using Cold Capor Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (CV-AAS). Margin of Safety (MoS) and Hazard Quotient (HQ) calculations were used to assess risk to users.
Results: Of the nineteen creams assessed, sixteen contained high concentrations of mercury (0.294-14414.5 µg/g), only three creams had no mercury detected. 9 of the 19 samples contained levels of mercury that exceed the Minamata convention’s accepted limit of 1µg/g, with 3 samples exceeding 3800.000 µg/g. Risk assessments using MoS and HQ showed that 3 of the samples were unsafe for use and are considered hazardous. The study also revealed that many creams do contain mercury even if it did not constitute part of the product formulation.
Conclusions: The data infers that some manufacturers do add mercury to their formulations while others are the victims of contaminated raw materials. MoS and HQ show that 21% of the samples were unsafe and 16% can be considered hazardous for human use. It is possible that with such levels of mercury in these products and the popularity of these products within the Caribbean Community and its diaspora, that there exists a significant amount of members with higher than acceptable mercury levels, with undiagnosed clinical symptoms.