bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ivan Puni and the Flight of Forms
Authors: Lodder Christina
Published: October 2017

In February 1921, Ivan Puni organized an exhibition at the Galerie Der Sturm in Berlin. Orchestrating small-scale individual works with letters and numbers (cut from paper as if they were separate visual components in a painting), he used the wall as an enormous canvas in order to create a large pictorial composition, transforming the entire space into an avant-garde Gesamtkunstwerk. This paper examines this installation in terms of pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary artistic theory and practice, including zaum, alogism, suprematism, Kazimir Malevich’s display at the Last Futurist Exhibition of Painting 0.10 (Zero-Ten), suprematist decorations for the revolutionary festivals, and Puni’s work in running the agit-prop department at the Vitebsk Art School in 1919. Above all, this essay will argue that the synthesis of the arts that Puni created in Berlin in 1921 was particularly indebted to his experience of the way in which the revolutionary decorations had created totally new, potentially socialist environments. Yet while assimilating and to some extent replicating this experience, Puni’s 1921 display could also be seen as a protest against communism—acting as a powerful declaration of individualism against the collective, as well as an emphatic statement concerning the importance of art, the enduring value of aesthetic values, and the crucial necessity of maintaining the freedom of art, and its independence from all external pressures.
Moscow Merz and Russian Rhythm
Authors: Häßler Miriam
Published: October 2017

The Erste Russische Kunstausstellung [First Russian Art Exhibition] of 1922 was a remarkable event not only for Berlin’s art lovers at that time, but also for the history of twentieth century art. Held at Galerie van Diemen, the show gave a comprehensive overview of Russia’s artistic achievements from late Tsardom to the Russian Civil War. Of all styles in the exhibition, the non-objective art movements of suprematism and constructivism provoked the greatest sensation among the visitors, many of whom were Western artists. Relating Russia’s variations of non-objectivity with their—assumed—political notions, Western modernists reacted in various ways. This article aims at tracking the long-lasting vestiges of the Erste Russische Kunstausstellung in the personal and artistic developments of two key-figures of Germany’s modern art scene: Kurt Schwitters and Hans Richter. While the role of El Lissitzky, who designed the catalogue’s cover, has already been canonized, this article wants to highlight lesser-regarded aspects.
Soviet “Severe Romanticism” at the 1962 Venice Biennale
Authors: Bertelé Matteo
Published: October 2017

With the Soviet Pavilion of the 1962 Venice Art Biennale, the Thaw era made its entrance onto the international art scene. Artists from different generations and Soviet republics were entrusted to illustrate “the deeply human dimension of Soviet art.”1 Among younger painters, one prominent figure was 30-year old artist Viktor Popkov. Along with the drawings and sketches produced during his travels in the virgin lands and building sites of Siberia, he presented the monumental painting The Builders of Bratsk (1960-61), an iconic artwork of the so-called “severe style.” The exhibition took place just a few months before the Moscow Manege Exhibition of December 1962, which prompted Khrushchev’s notoriously negative reaction and the first stop to Soviet cultural détente.

The present article explores the genesis of the canvas as the expression of a new “severe romanticism,” against the backdrop of the ongoing debate about romanticism in Soviet culture. It also analyzes the reception of Popkov’s work both in Italy—the country with the largest communist party in the West—and in the international press. On the basis of archival materials and press reviews, the article sheds light onto an artistic encounter between East and West in a divided Europe and discusses missed connections and unmet expectations of Western, mostly Italian, art critics.
Cultural Memory and the Anti-Western Utopias of Russian “Futurians”
Authors: Bobrinskaya Ekaterina
Published: October 2017

The paper deals with anti-Western motifs in Russian avant-garde culture, especially their refraction in Russian futurism. On the one hand, the tendency is linked to a strategic goal—asserting independent versions of this or that new form of art and, on the other, it coincides with fundamental features of Russian modernism such as archaization, national self-identification and Eastern cultures.
Visions, Wars, and Utopias of the Russian Avant-Garde
Authors: Gurianova Nina
Published: October 2017

While the aspiration to harmony, utopian in its essence, became a distinctive feature in the particular vein of modernist aesthetics, interested in constructive principles, which came to the fore after the October Revolution in the early 1920s, another line, which will interest me the most in this essay, had been predominant during 1912-17, and developed in quite a different direction, striving for dystopia, dissonance, and the absurd. The metaphor of war in the pre-revolutionary avant-garde was paradigmatic to the concept of innovation and directly linked to the rather symbolic “destruction” of previous achievements. A deeper understanding of avant-garde ideology—on social, political, and aesthetic levels—appears when contextualized in relation to World War i. Natalia Goncharova’s series of lithographs Misticheskie obrazy voiny [Mystical Images of War] (1914), Pavel Filonov’s artist book Propeven o prorosli mirovoi [Canticle of World Flowering] (1915), Olga Rozanova’s linocut portfolio Voina [War] (1916), and Aleksei Kruchenykh’s album of collages Vselenskaia voina [Universal War] (1916) were among the most profound artistic responses to the war. These unique works represent three different artistic explorations of the theme, as reflected in neoprimitivist, futurist, and suprematist aesthetics.
Catalog of taxa introduced by Luitfried Salvini-Plawen (1939–2014)
Authors: AFFENZELLER SUSANNE , STEINER GERHARD
Published: October 2017

Luitfried Salvini-Plawen was one of the most distinguished researchers for molluscan phylogenetic systematics of the last decades. In his publications he described a total of 193 species: 134 Solenogastres, 34 Caudofoveata, 14 interstitial Gastropoda, one polyplacophoran and the remaining comprising Cnidaria, Priapulida, Kamptozoa, and Echinodermata. In addition, he introduced 47 genus-group names and 54 names for family-level and higher taxa. This catalog comprises lists of all taxon names published by Luitfried Salvini-Plawen. The catalog entries contain taxonomic information, original citations, type localities and type collections. It aims to facilitate further research on these and related taxa.
A new species of Paraleptophlebia Lestage, 1917 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) and a re-description of adults for Paraleptophlebia westoni Imanishi, 1937 with the first description of the larva, from the Russian Far East
Authors: TIUNOVA TATIANA M.
Published: October 2017

Male, female imagoes and eggs of Paraleptophlebia kunashirica sp. nov. and the larva, male and female imagoes of Paraleptophlebia westoni are described based on material from the Russian Far East. Comparison of the male imago of Paraleptophlebia kunashirica sp. nov. and the larva and male imago of Paraleptophlebia westoni with other known larvae and imagoes of Paraleptophlebia are given. Paraleptophlebia westoni larvae may be distinguished from congeners by characters associated with the mouthparts, such as the ratio of the length of the maxillary and labial palp segments, shape of hypopharynx, and structure of the claw. Male imagoes of Paraleptophlebia kunashirica sp. nov. and Paraleptophlebia westoni сan be distinguished between themselves and other representatives close to them in the form of the ventral appendages and the apex of the penis lobes.
Shallow-water Ascidians from Matua Island (central Kuril Islands, NW Pacific), part 2
Authors: SANAMYAN KAREN , SANAMYAN NADYA
Published: October 2017

The paper reports several ascidians, previously not known from central group of Kurile Islands, including two new species, Synoicum polyzoinum n. sp. and Aplidium matua n. sp. In order to systematize our knowledge on numerous members of these genera, reported from NW Pacific, we provide an overview of all Synoicum and Aplidium species, known from Far Eastern Seas of Russia, including comments on the species erroneously identified in the past.
A new species of minute beetle (Coleoptera: Clambidae) from Baltic amber (Paleogene, Eocene)
Authors: ALEKSEEV VITALII I.
Published: October 2017

A new species of Clambidae, Clambus helheimricus sp. nov., is described and illustrated from Baltic amber. A list of the smallest beetles described from this Lagerstätte is provided.
Mimogonellus dreybrodti sp. n., a new cave-inhabiting Osoriinae from Laos (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
Authors: YIN ZI-WEI , STEINER HELMUT
Published: October 2017

A new osoriine species, Mimogonellus dreybrodti Yin & Steiner, sp. n., collected from a cave in Houaphanh Province, Laos, is described and illustrated. This represents the third Mimogonellus species in Asia, and the first in the genus known to inhabit a cave environment.
Human and Machine Consciousness
Authors: Gamez David
Published: October 2017

Consciousness is widely perceived as one of the most fundamental, interesting and difficult problems of our time. However, we still know next to nothing about the relationship between consciousness and the brain and we can only speculate about the consciousness of animals and machines.

Human and Machine Consciousness presents a new foundation for the scientific study of consciousness. It sets out a bold interpretation of consciousness that neutralizes the philosophical problems and explains how we can make scientific predictions about the consciousness of animals, brain-damaged patients and machines.

Gamez interprets the scientific study of consciousness as a search for mathematical theories that map between measurements of consciousness and measurements of the physical world. We can use artificial intelligence to discover these theories and they could make accurate predictions about the consciousness of humans, animals and artificial systems. Human and Machine Consciousness also provides original insights into unusual conscious experiences, such as hallucinations, religious experiences and out-of-body states, and demonstrates how ‘designer’ states of consciousness could be created in the future.

Gamez explains difficult concepts in a clear way that closely engages with scientific research. His punchy, concise prose is packed with vivid examples, making it suitable for the educated general reader as well as philosophers and scientists. Problems are brought to life in colourful illustrations and a helpful summary is given at the end of each chapter. The endnotes provide detailed discussions of individual points and full references to the scientific and philosophical literature.
Stakeholder‐Driven Quality Improvement: A Compelling Force for Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Rosenfeld Richard M. , Wyer Peter C.
Published: October 2017

Clinical practice guideline development should be driven by rigorous methodology, but what is less clear is where quality improvement enters the process: should it be a priority‐guiding force, or should it enter only after recommendations are formulated? We argue for a stakeholder‐driven approach to guideline development, with an overriding goal of quality improvement based on stakeholder perceptions of needs, uncertainties, and knowledge gaps. In contrast, the widely used topic‐driven approach, which often makes recommendations based only on randomized controlled trials, is driven by epidemiologic purity and evidence rigor, with quality improvement a downstream consideration. The advantages of a stakeholder‐driven versus a topic‐driven approach are highlighted by comparisons of guidelines for otitis media with effusion, thyroid nodules, sepsis, and acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. These comparisons show that stakeholder‐driven guidelines are more likely to address the quality improvement needs and pressing concerns of clinicians and patients, including understudied populations and patients with multiple chronic conditions. Conversely, a topic‐driven approach often addresses “typical” patients, based on research that may not reflect the needs of high‐risk groups excluded from studies because of ethical issues or a desire for purity of research design.
Risk of Development of Second Primary Head and Neck Cancer following an Index Breast Cancer
Authors: Yesensky Jessica , Kyrillos Alexandra , Kuchta Kristine , Yao Katharine , Wang Chi‐Hsiung , Bhayani Mihir K.
Published: October 2017

Objective

Many head and neck cancers (HNCs) have genomic features seen in breast malignancy. We sought to analyze the risk of second primary HNC following an index breast cancer.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

National database from the SEER registry (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results).

Subjects and Methods

Within the SEER database, 223,423 women diagnosed with index breast cancer from 1992 to 2002 were identified. We calculated standard incidence ratios (SIRs) for all head and neck sites with 10‐year follow‐up.

Results

Women diagnosed with an index breast cancer did not exhibit higher likelihood of developing second primary HNC (SIR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.90‐1.07). The risk was determined for each subsite of the head and neck, and salivary gland cancer presented the highest risk. Patients with index breast cancer were 83% more likely to develop salivary gland cancer than what would be expected in the general population (SIR = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.49‐2.22). An overall trend of increased risk was observed for salivary gland cancers between 1992 and 2002. There was no significant higher risk observed for the other head and neck subsites.

Conclusion

Patients with index breast cancer did not have a higher‐than‐expected risk of developing HNC. We did find an increased incidence of salivary gland cancers among patients with index breast cancer. Patients were 80% more likely to develop salivary gland cancer than that expected within the population. These findings warrant further investigation on the relationship between salivary gland and breast malignancy.
More Accurate Oral Cancer Screening with Fewer Salivary Biomarkers
Authors: Menke James Michael , Ahsan Md Shahidul , Khoo Suan Phaik
Published: October 2017

Signal detection and Bayesian inferential tools were applied to salivary biomarkers to improve screening accuracy and efficiency in detecting oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Potential cancer biomarkers are identified by significant differences in assay concentrations, receiver operating characteristic areas under the curve (AUCs), sensitivity, and specificity. However, the end goal is to report to individual patients their risk of having disease given positive or negative test results. Likelihood ratios (LRs) and Bayes factors (BFs) estimate evidential support and compile biomarker information to optimize screening accuracy. In total, 26 of 77 biomarkers were mentioned as having been tested at least twice in 137 studies and published in 16 summary papers through 2014. Studies represented 10 212 OSCC and 25 645 healthy patients. The measure of biomarker and panel information value was number of biomarkers needed to approximate 100% positive predictive value (PPV). As few as 5 biomarkers could achieve nearly 100% PPV for a disease prevalence of 0.2% when biomarkers were ordered from highest to lowest LR. When sequentially interpreting biomarker tests, high specificity was more important than test sensitivity in achieving rapid convergence toward a high PPV. Biomarkers ranked from highest to lowest LR were more informative and easier to interpret than AUC or Youden index. The proposed method should be applied to more recently published biomarker data to test its screening value.
MicroRNA-335-5p is a potential suppressor of metastasis and invasion in gastric cancer
Authors: Sandoval-Bórquez Alejandra , Polakovicova Iva , Carrasco-Véliz Nicolás , Lobos-González Lorena , Riquelme Ismael , Carrasco-Avino Gonzalo , Bizama Carolina , Norero Enrique , Owen Gareth I. , Roa Juan C. , Corvalán Alejandro H.
Published: October 2017

Background

Multiple aberrant microRNA expression has been reported in gastric cancer. Among them, microRNA-335-5p (miR-335), a microRNA regulated by DNA methylation, has been reported to possess both tumor suppressor and tumor promoter activities.

Results

Herein, we show that miR-335 levels are reduced in gastric cancer and significantly associate with lymph node metastasis, depth of tumor invasion, and ultimately poor patient survival in a cohort of Amerindian/Hispanic patients. In two gastric cancer cell lines AGS and, Hs 746T the exogenous miR-335 decreases migration, invasion, viability, and anchorage-independent cell growth capacities. Performing a PCR array on cells transfected with miR-335, 19 (30.6%) out of 62 genes involved in metastasis and tumor invasion showed decreased transcription levels. Network enrichment analysis narrowed these genes to nine (PLAUR, CDH11, COL4A2, CTGF, CTSK, MMP7, PDGFA, TIMP1, and TIMP2). Elevated levels of PLAUR, a validated target gene, and CDH11 were confirmed in tumors with low expression of miR-335. The 3′UTR of CDH11 was identified to be directly targeted by miR-335. Downregulation of miR-335 was also demonstrated in plasma samples from gastric cancer patients and inversely correlated with DNA methylation of promoter region (Z = 1.96, p = 0.029). DNA methylation, evaluated by methylation-specific PCR assay, was found in plasma from 23 (56.1%) out of 41 gastric cancer patients but in only 9 (30%) out of 30 healthy donors (p = 0.029, Pearson’s correlation). Taken in consideration, our results of the association with depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis together with functional assays on cell migration, invasion, and tumorigenicity are in accordance with the downregulation of miR-335 in gastric cancer.

Conclusions

Comprehensive evaluation of metastasis and invasion pathway identified a subset of associated genes and confirmed PLAUR and CDH11, both targets of miR-335, to be overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues. DNA methylation of miR-335 may be a promissory strategy for non-invasive approach to gastric cancer.
Trachyte weathering in the urban built environment related to air quality
Authors: Germinario Luigi , Siegesmund Siegfried , Maritan Lara , Simon Klaus , Mazzoli Claudio
Published: October 2017

Decay of trachyte used as building stone in urban environment was investigated through the analysis of crusts and patinas found on trachyte of the Euganean Hills in the Renaissance city walls of Padua, northeastern Italy. Mineralogical and microstructural characteristics of the alteration products, as well as major- and trace-element chemical composition, were determined by optical microscopy, SEM–EDS and X-ray mapping, XRPD, and LA-ICPMS. The results are discussed referring to environmental parameters, in particular concerning air quality and anthropic pollution sources. The influence of composition of the stone and other neighboring materials on specific weathering processes is also debated. The formation of crusts and patinas turns out to be mainly due to exogenous processes. Enrichment in heavy metals and carbonaceous matter derives from the deposition of particulate emitted during fuel combustion by road vehicles, domestic heating and, secondarily, industrial activities. The particulate is typically cemented by calcite, mainly mobilized after dissolution from nearby mortar joints, or iron, released by leaching from iron-bearing minerals, reprecipitated according to pH fluctuations. Gypsum layers were rarely observed. Generally, composition of the weathering crusts and patinas of Euganean trachyte proves to be an informative marker for the relevant environmental conditions and their evolution.
Identifying eighteenth century pigments at the Bodleian library using in situ Raman spectroscopy, XRF and hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Mulholland R. , Howell D. , Beeby A. , Nicholson C. E. , Domoney K.
Published: October 2017

There are multiple challenges in analysing pigments in historic watercolour paintings on paper, and typically non-invasive, in situ methods are required. Recent developments in portable analytical instrumentation have made this more accessible to heritage institutions, but many commercial systems are not optimised for the specific requirements of manuscripts and works on paper. This paper describes the successful use of Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and hyperspectral imaging to identify and map watercolour pigments used by the eighteenth century botanical illustrator, Ferdinand Bauer, and demystify the unusual colour code system found in his sketches. The value, delicate nature and large size of these paintings necessitated the use of using in situ, non-contact methods of analysis. A portable, bespoke Raman spectrometer specifically designed for analysing pigments from works on paper was used together with a bespoke portable Fibre optic reflectance spectrometer, portable X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometer and a hyperspectral imaging sensor. The results demonstrate that although there is a significant compromise between achieving good Raman spectroscopic results from artists’ pigments and using sufficiently low laser power densities so as not to cause damage to the pigments, good results could be obtained with this portable system, particularly when combined with XRF, fibre optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) and hyperspectral imaging. Eight pigments were identified unequivocally from 125 watercolour paintings analysed, suggesting that Bauer used a more traditional and more limited palette than previously considered, and that his palette changed significantly in his later paintings. Similar pigments identified by the authors on colour chart that was discovered in 1999 in Madrid and attributed to Bauer, add weight to the attribution of this chart to Bauer. The data provides a much deeper insight into Bauer’s colour annotations, and how he was able to achieve such an impressive degree of colour fidelity in his work.
A study of the relationship between the migration of image silver and perceived yellowing of silver gelatine photographs
Authors: Moon Jacqueline , Curran Katherine
Published: October 2017

Silver gelatine photographs were the most dominant photographic process of the twentieth century from the 1880s until the 1960s. They are prone to yellowing, mirroring and fading which is largely attributed to the effects of pollutants, relative humidity and residual processing chemicals. Experts in the conservation of photographs claim they can determine the causes of deterioration with the naked eye: the effects of humidity result in a more yellowed appearance, whilst the presence of residual chemicals results in a redder appearance. This work aims to investigate if the same deterioration processes can be diagnosed in photographic prints with a spectrophotometer by addressing two questions: (1) In new and artificially aged silver gelatine photographs is it possible to distinguish between discolouration caused by silver migration and that caused by the presence of residual sulfur? (2) What are the complexities of applying these findings to historic photographs? A set of test photographs, some well processed and some insufficiently washed was developed and artificially aged. These were compared to a small collection of historical photographs of different ages, paper types and image colours. Samples were assessed using visual observation, residual silver and hypo spot tests, colour measurements including L*a*b* and reflectance spectra, Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After artificial ageing the well processed test photographs were more yellowed, TEM indicated that this was due to colloidal silver formation. The insufficiently washed test photographs were more red but also darker, TEM showed these samples to have more homogeneous silver filaments, thought to be due to silver sulfide formation. The results for the historical photographs were similar but more subtle. A larger sample set is needed to investigate this more extensively. Further investigation on historical samples, with colour measurements and residual silver and fixer spot tests will take place.
Lipiodol nanoemulsions stabilized with polyglycerol-polycaprolactone block copolymers for theranostic applications
Authors: Le Kim Trang Huyen , Jun Hwiseok , Kim Jin Ho , Park Keunchil , Kim Jee Seon , Nam Yoon Sung
Published: October 2017

Background

Polyglycerol is an attractive hydrophilic building block of amphiphilic copolymers for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications due to its biocompatibility, facile chemical modification, and anti-fouling activity. Herein we introduce theranostic nanoemulsions incorporating anti-cancer therapeutic and contrast agents using linear polyglycerol-poly(ε-caprolactone) diblock copolymers (PG-
b
-PCL). Lipiodol is used as a core oil that dissolves paclitaxel and serves as a contrast agent for computer tomography (CT).

Methods

PG-
b
-PCL is synthesized by three-step processes: polymerization of ethoxyethyl glycerol ether; ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone; and deprotection of the PEEGE block. In vitro cytotoxicity of the polyglycerolated lipiodol nanoemulsions is demonstrated using HeLa ovarian cancer cells. The applicability of the prepared nanoemulsions as a contrast agent for CT imaging is also evaluated using micro-CT.

Results

Three compositions of PG-
b
-PCL with different block lengths are synthesized to prepare nanoemulsions. The polyglycerolated lipiodol nanoemulsions exhibit excellent anti-cancer activities, while placebo nanoemulsions have no significant cytotoxicity under the same condition. Micro-CT imaging of the nanoemulsions confirms the ability of nanoemulsions as a contrast agent.

Conclusions

This study suggests that PG-
b
-PCL is a promising polymeric emulsifier for effective stabilization and surface functionalization of drug delivery nanocarriers for therapeutic and imaging agents.
3D simulation of seismic-wave propagation in fractured media using an integral method accommodating irregular geometries
Authors: Liu Han , Sen Mrinal K. , Spikes Kyle T.
Published: October 2017

Fractures play an important role in most carbonate and unconventional reservoirs. The precise identification of fractures and their associated properties from seismic data have a significant impact on reservoir management and hydrocarbon recovery. Traditional seismic methods for fracture identification and characterization include shear birefringence and amplitude variations with offset and azimuth. These techniques are based on the equivalent medium theory, assuming that fracture dimensions and spacing are small relative to the seismic wavelength. Hence, the overall population of fractures is equivalent to a homogeneous anisotropic medium. We focus on discrete fracture sets, with spacing on the order of the seismic wavelength in which individual fractures have large areas but small apertures. Such fracture sets scatter seismic waves, and they are important to characterize because they affect fluid flow in the subsurface. Analyzing scattering-induced wave patterns observed in seismograms can provide crucial guidance for precise identification of fractures and their associated properties. We model seismic-wave propagation in fractured media following a published integral method with tetrahedral grid cells. This approach is derived from finite-element and finite-difference methods in heterogeneous media. It is flexible in modeling irregular interfaces and surface topography and has relatively low computational cost and memory requirements, which is essential for 3D simulations. The fractures are treated explicitly as interfaces with displacement discontinuities using the linear slip model. We implement the 3D explicit interface scheme using an irregular mesh. Our numerical examples demonstrate the effects of varying fracture height, spacing, and width on the seismic response. The wavefield scattering caused by the fractures is one of the key features. Accordingly, we establish a correlation between the scattering index and fracture spacing. Such an approach can be used to estimate fracture spacing with given fracture compliance and orientation.
Trans* Disruptions
Authors: Wentling Tre
Published: October 2017

There are an increasing number of university students who express a fluid gender embodiment and identity, resisting binary gender categories as well as binary transgender categories. The use of gender-neutral, as well as third-person plural pronouns, disrupts linguistic gender hegemony and creates particular gendered meanings. With the increasing number of trans* people who queer the gender binary, how does language affirm or deny their personhood? This research note uses data from an online survey (N = 557) to examine teachers' recognition of trans* individuals' pronouns. Results demonstrate that trans* students who identify as genderqueer tend to use gender-neutral and third-person pronouns. However, educators are less affirming when it comes to gender-neutral pronoun recognition. Educators must resist taken-for-granted gender attribution processes and explicitly ask all students to state their pronouns. Accurate pronoun recognition supports trans* students' identity development and honors their personhood.
Mitotic bookmarking in development and stem cells
Authors: Festuccia Nicola , Gonzalez Inma , Owens Nick , Navarro Pablo
Published: October 2017

The changes imposed on the nucleus, chromatin and its regulators during mitosis lead to the dismantlement of most gene regulatory processes. However, an increasing number of transcriptional regulators are being identified as capable of binding their genomic targets during mitosis. These so-called ‘mitotic bookmarking factors’ encompass transcription factors and chromatin modifiers that are believed to convey gene regulatory information from mother to daughter cells. In this Primer, we review mitotic bookmarking processes in development and stem cells and discuss the interest and potential importance of this concept with regard to epigenetic regulation and cell fate transitions involving cellular proliferation.
Variations in basement membrane mechanics are linked to epithelial morphogenesis
Authors: Chlasta Julien , Milani Pascale , Runel Gaël , Duteyrat Jean-Luc , Arias Leticia , Lamiré Laurie-Anne , Boudaoud Arezki , Grammont Muriel
Published: October 2017

The regulation of morphogenesis by the basement membrane (BM) may rely on changes in its mechanical properties. To test this, we developed an AFM-based method to measure BM mechanical stiffness during two key processes in Drosophila ovarian follicle development. First, follicle elongation depends on epithelial cells that collectively migrate secreting BM fibrils perpendicularly to the anteroposterior axis. Our data show that BM stiffness increases during this migration and that fibril incorporation enhances BM stiffness. In addition, stiffness heterogeneity, due to oriented fibrils, is important for egg elongation. Second, epithelial cells change their shape from cuboidal to either squamous or columnar. We prove that BM softens around the squamous cells and that this softening depends on TGFβ pathway. We also demonstrate that interactions between BM constituents are necessary for cell flattening. Altogether, these results show that BM mechanical properties are modified during development and that, in turn, such mechanical modifications influence both cell and tissue shapes.
Cell dynamics underlying oriented growth of theDrosophilawing imaginal disc
Authors: Dye Natalie A. , Popović Marko , Spannl Stephanie , Etournay Raphaël , Kainmüller Dagmar , Ghosh Suhrid , Myers Eugene W. , Jülicher Frank , Eaton Suzanne
Published: October 2017

Quantitative analysis of the dynamic cellular mechanisms shaping the Drosophila wing during its larval growth phase has been limited, impeding our ability to understand how morphogen patterns regulate tissue shape. Such analysis requires imaging explants under conditions that maintain both growth and patterning, as well as methods to quantify how much cellular behaviors change tissue shape. Here, we demonstrate a key requirement for the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) in the maintenance of numerous patterning systems in vivo and in explant culture. We find that low concentrations of 20E support prolonged proliferation in explanted wing discs in the absence of insulin, incidentally providing novel insight into the hormonal regulation of imaginal growth. We use 20E-containing media to directly observe growth and apply recently developed methods for quantitatively decomposing tissue shape changes into cellular contributions. We discover that while cell divisions drive tissue expansion along one axis, their contribution to expansion along the orthogonal axis is cancelled by cell rearrangements and cell shape changes. This finding raises the possibility that anisotropic mechanical constraints contribute to growth orientation in the wing disc.
A Bioorganic Chemistry Approach to Understanding Molecular Recognition in Protein–Nucleic Acid Complexes
Authors: Morii Takashi
Published: October 2017

A combination of synthetic, organic, and biochemical approaches has been developed to study how protein and nucleic acid assemblies modulate the affinity, specificity and cooperativity of protein–nucleic acid interactions. These strategies have enabled formation of noncovalent peptide dimers on specific DNA sequences. A new framework from RNA and peptide into a stable complex of ribonucleopeptide was also developed to construct receptors and fluorescent sensors for small molecules. Attempts to design novel DNA-binding peptides, receptors and sensors will provide an ultimate test for our understanding of the principle of molecular recognition associated with protein–nucleic acid interactions.
Interfacial microscopic examination and chemical analysis of resin-dentin interface of self-adhering flowable resin composite
Authors: Hamdy Tamer M.
Published: October 2017

Background: The newly introduced self-adhering flowable resin-composites decrease the required time for application by incorporation of an acidic adhesive monomer, thus reducing the number of the steps, but its bonding is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interfacial microscopic examination and chemical analysis at the resin-dentin interface of a self-adhering flowable resin composite (Vertise-Flow) versus a total-etch (Te-Econom Plus) resin composite, using an etching agent (Eco-Etch gel) and  bonding agent (Single Bond Universal).

Methods: Sixteen freshly extracted sound human posterior teeth were used. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups: 8 specimens per type of composite. Standard-shaped class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surface. One group was restored by Te-Econom Plus resin composite by total-etch technique using Eco-Etch gel, which was applied to dentine for 15 seconds, followed by rinsing, drying and bonding agent application (Single Bond Universal). The other group restored directly with self-adhering resin composite (Vertise-Flow) without application of etch or bond. Curing was done for 20 seconds using a light emitting diode light curing unit. Evaluation of the resin-dentin interface was done microscopically by examination of marginal gap distance in μm using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and chemical analysis of silver particles was observed using SEM with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry after 24 hours of specimen storage in ammoniacal silver nitrate.

Results: Regarding marginal gap distance (µm) and silver atomic % mean values, teeth restored with self-adhering resin composite (Vertise-Flow) showed significantly higher mean values than the multi-step etch and rinse resin composite group (5.2 vs 0; 12.2 vs 8.2, respectively).

Conclusions: Resin-dentin bonding using total-etch resin composite technique was more effective than self-adhering flowable resin composite (Vertise-Flow) regarding marginal gap formation and penetration of silver particles. Further studies for bond strength could be performed.
Identification of Equid herpesvirus 2 in tissue-engineered equine tendon
Authors: Wardle Roisin , Pullman Jane A. , Haldenby Sam , Ressel Lorenzo , Pope Marion , Clegg Peter D. , Radford Alan , Stewart James P. , Al-Saadi Mohammed , Dyer Philip , Peffers Mandy J.
Published: October 2017

Background:Incidental findings of virus-like particles were identified following electron microscopy of tissue-engineered tendon constructs (TETC) derived from equine tenocytes. We set out to determine the nature of these particles, as there are few studies which identify virus in tendonsper se, and their presence could have implications for tissue-engineering using allogenic grafts.

Methods:Virus particles were identified in electron microscopy of TETCs. Virion morphology was used to initially hypothesise the virus identity.  Next generation sequencing was implemented to identify the virus. A pan herpesvirus PCR was used to validate the RNASeq findings using an independent platform. Histological analysis and biochemical analysis was undertaken on the TETCs.

Results:Morphological features suggested the virus to be either a retrovirus or herpesvirus. Subsequent next generation sequencing mapped reads to Equid herpesvirus 2 (EHV2). Histological examination and biochemical testing for collagen content revealed no significant differences between virally affected TETCs and non-affected TETCs. An independent set of equine superficial digital flexor tendon tissue (n=10) examined using designed primers for specific EHV2 contigs identified at sequencing were negative. These data suggest that EHV is resident in some equine tendon.

Conclusions:EHV2 was demonstrated in equine tenocytes for the first time; likely fromin vivoinfection. The presence of EHV2 could have implications to both tissue-engineering and tendinopathy.
Long term cognitive outcomes of early term (37-38 weeks) and late preterm (34-36 weeks) births: A systematic review
Authors: Murray Sarah R. , Shenkin Susan D. , McIntosh Kirsten , Lim Jane , Grove Benjamin , Pell Jill P. , Norman Jane E. , Stock Sarah J.
Published: October 2017

Background: There is a paucity of evidence regarding long-term outcomes of late preterm (34-36 weeks) and early term (37-38 weeks) delivery.  The objective of this systematic review was to assess long-term cognitive outcomes of children born at these gestations.

Methods: Four electronic databases (Medline, Embase, clinicaltrials.gov and PsycINFO) were searched.  Last search was 5th August 2016.  Studies were included if they reported gestational age, IQ measure and the ages assessed.  The protocol was registered with the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO Record CRD42015015472).  Two independent reviewers assessed the studies.  Data were abstracted and critical appraisal performed of eligible papers.

Results: Of 11,905 potential articles, seven studies reporting on 41,344 children were included.  For early term births, four studies (n = 35,711) consistently showed an increase in cognitive scores for infants born at full term (39-41 weeks) compared to those born at early term (37-38 weeks) with increases for each week of term (difference between 37 and 40 weeks of around 3 IQ points), despite differences in age of testing and method of IQ/cognitive testing.  Four studies (n = 5644) reporting childhood cognitive outcomes of late preterm births (34 – 36 weeks) also differed in study design (cohort and case control); age of testing; and method of IQ testing, and found no differences in outcomes between late preterm and term births, although risk of bias was high in included studies.

Conclusion:  Children born at 39-41 weeks have higher cognitive outcome scores compared to those born at early term (37-38 weeks).  This should be considered when discussing timing of delivery.  For children born late preterm, the data is scarce and when compared to full term (37-42 weeks) did not show any difference in IQ scores.
BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM DOGS AND CATS WITH OTITIS
Authors: Ермаков Владимир , Ermakov Vlyadimir , Курлыкова Юлия , Kurlykova Yuliya
Published: October 2017

The purpose of research is improving the efficiency of differential diagnostics of dogs and cats surface otitis. The microbiocenosis of the external auditory canal of dogs and cats consisted mainly of fungi of the genus Malassezia and Candida, bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Corynebacterium, Bacteroides, Escherichia, Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterococcus, Bacillus and Pseudomonas. Representatives of Malassezia pachy-dermatis were identified from 52 (67.54%) dogs and 6 (33.34%) cats and cats. M. obtusa were isolated from 5 (6.49%) dogs and 2 (11.12%) cats and cats, M. globosa was isolated for 5 (6.49%) dogs and 2 (11.12%) cats and cats. M. furfur are allocated from 3 (3.90%) dogs and 3 (16.67%) cats and cats, M. restricta is allocated from 7 (9.09%) dogs and 2 (11.12%) cats and cats. Representatives of Candida albicans were identified from 3 (3.90%) dogs and 1 cat (5.56% of animals), C. parapsilosis was detected in 2 (2.60%) dogs and 2 (11.12%) cats. M. pachy-dermatis fungi are isolated in 22 dogs, 2 cats and cats with acute otitis media, and in 30 dogs and 4 cats and cats in chronic course. M. restricta is isolated from 3 dogs and 1 cat for acute otitis media, and 4 dogs and 1 cat for chronic disease. M. furfur are isolated from 3 dogs, 3 cats and cats, M. globosa – from 5 dogs, 2 cats and cats are isolated from acute otitis media. M. obtusa is isolated from 5 dogs, 2 cats and cats in chronic otitis media. Mushrooms Can-dida albicans are isolated from 3 dogs and 1 cat, C. parapsilosis – from 2 dogs and 2 cats with chronic otitis media. In the development of otitis from dogs and cats, the leading role is played by lipophilic yeast-like fungi Malassezia, Candida and bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus, which possess pathogenic properties and acquire persistence factors during the formation of fungal-bacterial and bacterial associations.
THE WOOL PRODUCTIVITY OF YOUNG SHEEP OF AKZHAIK MEAT-WOOL BREED DEPENDING ON THE LINEAR SUPPLIES
Authors: Баймишев Хамидулла , Baymishev Khamidulla , Есенгалиев Кайрлы , Esengaliev Kayrly , Траисов Балуаш , Traisov Baluash
Published: October 2017

The purpose of researches is to increase wool efficiency and quality of wool Akzhaiksky meat-wool breed of sheep due to purposeful use of new lines. Material for researches served Akzhaiksky meat-wool breed ewe of the BAK-4087 and ZKATU-7082 line. Both lines were created by method of difficult uniform and diverse selection of initial material that has allowed to receive animals of desirable type from which animals of the second generation from them by homogeneous and heterogeneous selection have been received selection for cultivation «in itself» has been made. Lines were created by taking into account wool efficiency and its quality indicators. In article comparative indicators of wool efficiency are considered it is bright the compared lines at 8-month age. By wool cutting in the original and free wool the ZKATU-7082 lines ewes are surpassed the contemporaries from the BAK-4087 line on 0.17 and 0.13 kg, respectively. From ewes BAK-4087 lines 64.0% of wool of the 56th quality and 16.0% – the 58th quality are received, and from it is bright the ZKATU-7082 lines 66.0% of wool of the 58th quality and 30.0% of wool – the 56th quality are received. Other wool by quality in the compared groups was the 50th quality. For indicators of natural and true length of wool and fortress of wool fibers the BAK-4087 lines authentically ewes are surpassed by ewes ZKATU-7082 lines. The obtained data can be the basis for improvement of wool efficiency of Akzhaiksky meat-wool breed sheep.
Methods of Evaluation for Region’s Landslide Susceptibility. Short Overview
Authors: Кривогуз Денис , Krivoguz Denis
Published: October 2017

Modern approaches to the region’s landslide susceptibility assessment are considered in this paper. Have been presented descriptions of the most used techniques for landslide susceptibility assessment: logistic regression, indicator validity, linear discriminant analysis and application of artificial neural networks. These techniques’ advantages and disadvantages are discussed in the paper. The most suitable techniques for various conditions of analysis have been marked. It has been concluded that the most acceptable techniques of analysis for a large number of input data related to the studied region are the method of logistic regression and indicator validity method. With these methods the most accurate results are achieved. When there is a lack of information, it is more expedient to use linear discriminant analysis and artificial neural networks that will minimize potential analysis inaccuracies.
Main Directions of Internal Agroecological Audit at Agricultural Enterprises
Authors: Борисов В. , Borisov V.
Published: October 2017

In this paper we investigate the question of loss of fertility of the soil cover, ecological functions of soils. Th e main purpose of the article is to study the mechanisms of control over the preservation of land in agricultural production.
Direct-Costing As One of Most Applicable Methods of Management Accounting of Companies
Authors: Машинистова Г. , Mashinistova G.
Published: October 2017

Th e paper considers the method of direct-costing, which is used to solve many problems of business, for planning and controlling the results of operations. Th e sense and necessity of formation of the cost price on direct expenses is considered.
Financial Assessment of the Level of Economic Security of Enterprise
Authors: Аврашков Лев , Avrashkov Lyev , Графова Галина , Grafova Galina , Графов Андрей , Grafov Andrey , Шахватова С. , Shakhvatova S.
Published: October 2017

Th e article formed position, refl ecting better methodological approaches to rating assessment of the fi nancial and economic condition and the economic security of the enterprise.
Receivables Management of TNCs by Means of Forfaiting
Authors: Восканян Роза , Voskanyan Roza , Ващенко Т. , Vaschenko T.
Published: October 2017

Th e article explores the main reasons for companies entering the international market and their transformation into Trans-National Corporations (TNCs). Th e authors study existing approaches to substantiating the economic essence of TNCs, consider their similarity with multinational enterprises, suggest author’s interpretation of TNCs, justify the need to manage the receivables of TNCs, and propose to use such a tool of fi nancial management as forfeiting for these purposes.