bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The profile of menthol cigarette smokers in the months following the removal of these products from the market in England
Authors: Kock Loren , Shahab Lion , Bogdanovica Ilze , Brown Jamie
Published: June 2021

Introduction: In May 2020 the EU Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) ban on the sale of menthol cigarettes was implemented after a four-year transitional period. This study examined the prevalence of menthol cigarette smoking in the months following the ban, and according to sociodemographic and smoking characteristics.Methods: Cross-sectional data came from a representative survey of current smokers (18+) in England (unweighted n=1,577) during seven months (July-January) in 2020/2021. The weighted prevalence of menthol cigarette smoking as a proportion of total cigarette smoking was calculated, and chi-squared statistics assessed the relationship between menthol smoking, sociodemographic and smoking characteristics. Sources of purchase of menthol cigarettes were also explored.Results: The proportion of current smokers who smoked menthol cigarettes was similar in July to October 2020 (17.5%, 95% CI 15.3%-20.1%) compared with November 2020 to January 2021 (16.3%, 95% CI 13.9%-19.2%) (χ2(1)=0.38, P=0.56)). Menthol cigarette smoking was more common among younger age groups (16-24 = 29.0%; 25-34 = 23.3%) and women (21.1%). Menthol cigarette smokers showed lower cigarette dependence compared with other cigarette smokers. Purchases of menthol cigarettes from any illicit source in the past six months declined from 34.5% in July-October 2020 to 19.0% in November 2020–January 2021.Conclusions: A substantial proportion (just under a fifth) of current smokers in England reported menthol cigarette smoking between July-January 2020/2021 despite the ban. There was no decline in this proportion across the period, suggesting that smokers mitigated the impact of the ban by a variety of means, such as with legal menthol accessories.
Antifungal Effects of Senescence Terminalia Cattappa Leaves Extract on Disease Pathogens Associated With the Infestation of Hypsipyla robusta on Khaya grandifoliola
Authors: E.G Asuelimen , I Ikhatua M. , Amaogu Daniel Chukwuemeka
Published: June 2021

The causal organisms responsible for leaf blight and twig dieback on the saplings of Khaya grandifoliola infested with Hypsipyla robusta were investigated. Isolation of pathogens and subculturing of isolates from infested K. grndifoliola tissues were carried out using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). The inhibitory effects of T. cattapa leaves on the mycelial growth of identified pathogens were carried at different concentration of grounded T. cattapa leaves (0.0g 2g, 4g, 8g, and 10g) per litre of standard PDA medium in five replicates using CRD. One way ANOVA was carried out on data obtained from the radial measurements of mycelia growths on each pathogen (α = 0.05), and mean separations was done using LSD. Identified isolates from leaf blight were Rhizoctonia sp. and Colletotrichum sp. The isolates from the twig dieback were Fusarium sp. Fusarium sp radial mycelial varied significantly (P < 0.05) among the control, 4.0g/l, 6.0g/l, while there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the control and 10.0g/l. The highest percentage inhibition for Fusarium sp. was observed on 4.0g/l. Also, radial mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia sp varied significantly (P < 0.05) between 4.0g/l and other concentration levels while maintaining the highest percentage (7.17%) inhibition. Therefore, it was concluded that pathogens responsible for leaf blight and twig dieback of Khaya grandifoliolia trees following the infestation of Hypsipyla robusta were Rhizoctonia sp and Fusarium sp, respectively. The study also revealed that T. cattapa senescence leaves liquid extracts has the potency of controlling the pathogens.
O PAPEL DAS PRÁTICAS JUDICIAIS NA PROMOÇÃO DA JUSTIÇA SOCIAL
Authors: De Souza Luiz Sergio Fernandes
Published: June 2021

O presente trabalho retoma uma reflexão corrente no campo da sociologia e da filosofia jurídica brasileira, que se desenvolveu nas décadas de 1970 a 1990 na linha do funcionalismo e da teoria da ação social, consistente em saber de que forma o direito e as práticas judiciais podem contribuir para mudanças sociais promotoras do bem-estar social e do igualitarismo, comprometidas com o respeito à dignidade das pessoas e com a tolerância. Não se trata de pesquisa empírica feita com base em levantamento de dados ou do exame da jurisprudência. Tampouco se cuida de investigação de ordem epistemológica, buscando-se apenas o exame de casos reveladores da natureza promocional do direito. Na base do exame da legislação relativa a hipóteses de perda da propriedade (desapropriação e abandono) intenta-se discutir práticas jurídicas emancipadoras, que promovem a ocupação racional do espaço urbano ao tempo em que garantem o direito à moradia. Discute-se igualmente a possibilidade de revisão e até mesmo de resolução de contratos à vista de motivos ou fatos imprevisíveis, tratando-se de interpretar o conceito de "imprevisibilidade" a favor daquele que se encontra em situação vulnerável do ponto de vista socioeconômico. Regra de equidade também se faz presente quando se examina isenção tributária concedida a deficientes físicos na aquisição de automotor, tanto quanto ao valorizar as práticas judiciais que levam à reparação do dano no âmbito dos juizados criminais. No campo da improbidade administrativa também há lugar para o uso incremental do direito, o que se dá na esfera da democracia participativa, que ganha novos contornos com a atuação de atores sociais emergentes, a exemplo de ONGs, organizações sociais, terceiro setor e dos coletivos.
JUSTIÇA NEGOCIAL E GARANTISMO PENAL: A FRAGILIZAÇÃO DA EPISTEMOLOGIA GARANTISTA A PARTIR DA EXPANSÃO DOS ESPAÇOS DE CONSENSO NO PROCESSO PENAL BRASILEIRO
Authors: Macêdo Ribeiro Marcelo Herval , Sampaio André Rocha , Melo Marcos Eugênio Vieira
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo objetiva avaliar o impacto dos mecanismos de justiça consensual no ordenamento jurídico pátrio, particularmente na sistemática processual penal. Pressupondo que a Constituição da República sufragou uma série de garantias limitadoras do poder punitivo do Estado, pretende-se aqui examinar o tensionamento concitado pela emergência dos mecanismos de negociação em face da epistemologia garantista albergada pela CRFB/88. A partir de uma metodologia predominantemente dialética e fenomenológica e apoiando-se em material bibliográfico já existente, sobretudo de autores e autoras que desenvolvem estudos críticos acerca do direito penal, direito processual penal e criminologia, o trabalho aqui exposto almeja demonstrar que os instrumentos negociais hoje positivados — bem como as atuais propostas de ampliação dos espaços de consenso — representam potenciais prejuízos à efetiva tutela dos direitos e garantias individuais, haja vista que os referidos institutos materializarão o discurso de que os limites ao poder de punir constituem-se em obstáculos à concretização de uma política criminal eficiente, empreendendo, assim, medidas com vistas à flexibilização dessas garantias.
OS LIMITES DA ATUAÇÃO DA ADVOCACIA-GERAL DA UNIÃO NA POLÍTICA ESTATAL DE “DESJUDICIALIZAÇÃO”
Authors: Gutiérrez Daniel Mota , Vilar Natália Ribeiro Machado
Published: June 2021

No presente artigo, analisou-se os principais óbices e alternativas para a participação do Poder Público Federal, por intermédio da Advocacia-Geral da União (AGU), na política de meios equivalentes ou adequados de gestão de conflitos vigente no Brasil, que foi adotada pelo Código de Processo Civil de 2015. A análise foi realizada sob a perspectiva do postulado da desjudicialização e considera o cenário da crise de litigiosidade no âmbito do Poder Judiciário brasileiro. Utilizou-se a metodologia descritiva, apontando-se alguns dos principais problemas e ganhos da utilização dos métodos equivalentes de gerenciamento de conflitos, objetivando-se apontar que, apesar do Brasil ter adotado a referida política de desjudicialização, esta não foi acompanhada da devida estruturação e instrumentalização de uma parte considerável de instituições legitimadas para realizá-la, a fim de que pudessem exercê-la com plenitude e efetividade. Como resultado disso, são verificadas as dificuldades de atuação da AGU, ilustradas neste trabalho, mas que afligem considerável parte dos representantes do Estado, o que legitima o vertente estudo e conclui pelo desafio ao operador do Direito em buscar soluções sistemáticas para essa problemática.
Gnedenko Forum
Authors: Еditorial Article
Published: June 2021

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Theophilus Owolabi Shobowale Benson and the Making of Modern Nigeria
Authors: Oladipo Ojo Emmanuel , Faboyede Olusanya
Published: June 2021

Theophilus Owolabi Shobowale Benson, popularly known as TOS Benson, a prince from the Lasunwon Royal Family of Ikorodu, was one of the architects of modern Nigeria. A spirited nationalist, a pan–Nigerian nation builder, an inveterate antagonist of ethnic jingoism and a relentless crusader for the under–dog and the less privileged; TOS Benson made imperishable contributions to the growth and development of Nigerian politics and judiciary (law). This paper assesses the contribution of TOS Benson to the making of the Nigerian state right from September 1947 when he returned to the country from London where he had gone to read law. It points out that TOS Benson was a solid political bridgehead that held the ethnic groups in the country together and that, at the risk of incarceration and other forms of intimidation and harassment, he stood up against the colonial administration and certain policies and antics of the military junta following the incursion of the military into Nigerian politics. The paper concludes that the history of the making of modern Nigeria that does not give a prime of place to the contribution of TOS Benson will be riddled with noticeable gaps and embarrassing vacuum and that his sharing the February 13 death–date with General Murtala Ramat Mohammed – who, but for B.S. Dimka’s bullets, could have been Nigeria’s renaissance – is probably not a mere coincidence of history but a testimony of his imperishable contribution to the making of Nigeria.
Efficacy of PD-1 or PD-L1 Inhibitors and Central Nervous System Metastases in Advanced Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Peng Minyong , Li Shan , Xiang Hui , Huang Wen , Mao Weiling , Xu Di
Published: June 2021

Background:

Little is known about the efficacy of programmed cell death protein-1
(PD-1) or programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors in patients with central nervous system
(CNS) metastases.

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the difference in efficacy of PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors in patients
with and without CNS metastases.

Methods:

From inception to March 2020, PubMed and Embase were searched for randomized controlled
trials (RCTs) about PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors. Only trails with available hazard ratios (HRs)
for overall survival (OS) of patients with and without CNS metastases simultaneously would be included.
Overall survival hazard ratios and their 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated, and
the efficacy difference between these two groups was assessed in the meantime.

Results:

A total of 4988 patients (559 patients with CNS metastases and 4429 patients without
CNS metastases) from 8 RCTs were included. In patients with CNS metastases, the pooled HR was
0.76 (95%CI, 0.62 to 0.93), while in patients without CNS metastases, the pooled HR was 0.74
(95%CI, 0.68 to 0.79). There was no significant difference in efficacy between these two groups
(χ2=0.06 P=0.80).

Conclusion:

With no significant heterogeneity observed between patients with or without CNS metastases,
patients with CNS metastases should not be excluded in the PD-1 or PD-L1 blockade therapy.
Future research should permit more patients with CNS metastases to engage in PD-1 or PDL1
blockade therapy and explore the safety of PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with CNS metastases.
Castleman Disease of the Kidney in Computed Tomography Urography
Authors: Wang Kai , Xing Fengjuan , Ma Heng , Li Wenjuan
Published: June 2021

Background:

Castleman Disease (CD) of the kidney is extremely rare. In this study, we
have presented a case of CD of the left kidney and comprehensively described the findings of computed
tomography urography.

Case Presentation:

The case involved unusual imaging characteristics of the focal central cystic
area.

Conclusion:

The small and regular cyst-like structures and the hyperdense mass relative to the renal
parenchyma in plain scans might help distinguish the CD of the kidney from other hypervascular
tumors.
Description of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Work Position in Citrus Farmers at Sukoreno Village, Umbulsari District, Jember
Authors: Lestari Dian Indah , Purwandari Retno , Afandi Alfid Tri
Published: June 2021

Musculoskeletal disorder has related to ergonomics. Musculoskeletal disorders are caused by the habit of working position of farmers in carrying out their activities such as lifting or carrying heavy loads, doing repetitive movements and habits of wrong positions at work. The study purposed to identify the percentage of musculoskkeletal disorders and work position on citrus farmers in Sukoreno village, Umbulsari district, Jember. This study used a quantitative approach with 116 farmers using simple random sampling method. The questionnaire used in this study was the Nordic body map to determine musculoskeletal disorders and the Upper Extermity Work Demand Scale Revision (UEWD-R) to determine the habits of farmer's work position. The results showed that 60 farmers (51.7%) had high levels of musculoskeletal disorders and work position when harvesting citrus fruits had the highest average of 70.95% with a maximum value of 24. musculoskeletal disorders felt by Citrus farmers were caused by the work done manually with a long duration of time and requires excessive physical ability so that the impact of muscles that contract during work will caused pain in some of limbs.
Clinical Learning Environment in Hospitals: Assessment of Nursing Students
Authors: Aufar Fajar Nur , Purwandari Retno , Kurniawan Dicky Endrian
Published: June 2021

Evaluation of the clinical learning environment is essential because it can improve the success of students undergoing clinical practice in hospitals. With this evaluation, the clinical learning environment will be better and have an impact on nursing institutions that can prepare good quality graduate students. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical learning environment of nursing profession students in hospitals. The research design used descriptive and involved 229 professional nursing students consisting of 23 and 24 batches of Nursing at the University of Jember, which were collected by using total sampling. The results of the evaluation of the clinical learning environment of professional nurses in hospitals showed an average score of 132.7 from the maximum score 170. Every indicator has an average value and the percentage of achievement starting from the highest to the lowest; the relationship of supervision (clinical supervisor or clinical instructor) with an average of 31.10 (77.75%), leadership style of the inpatient ward manajer with an average of 15, 41 (77.05%), the role of nurse lecturers (academic lecturers) with an average of 34.02 (75.60%), nursing service places with an average of 15.05 (75.25%) and an atmosphere of learning strategies with an average of 33.25 (73.25) and overall student satisfaction obtained an average value of 3.92 (78.40%). The results of the study show that nursing students is still not fully satisfied toward clinical learning environment. It must be improved to provide a suitable clinical learning environment so that students feel satisfied and clinical competence can be achieved.
The Process The Formation of The Collective Leadership on The Corruption Eradication Commission
Authors: Muslimin Muslimin , Gani Yuli Andi , Suryadi Suryadi , Saleh Choirul
Published: June 2021

This article was written based on the findings of research that examines the process of formation of collective leadership implemented by the Corruption Eradication Commission (Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi: KPK) in Indonesia during its inception in 2003 until the end of the leadership of Abraham Samad 2015. The results of the study indicate that the KPK's collective leadership was gradually formed through several stages can be identified in 3 development cycles. The first stage is a pioneering cycle that requires prerequisites for the formation of collective leadership in order to operate the leadership mechanism in the KPK's organizational structure. Second, the critical cycle, namely the operational trials of collective leadership that have the opportunity to succeed or fail. This cycle is characterized by collaboration between structures in the collective decision making process. Third, the operational stabilization cycle, is a stage of development that leads to the cohesiveness of KPK members and results in superior level of performance.
Key Factors in Big Data Implementation for Smart City: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Safitri Yulida
Published: June 2021

Many governments implement smart city concept in their daily operation. As the concept continues to develop, smart cities all over the world are now starting to utilize big data. Learning from their private counterparts that already ahead in harnessing the potential benefits of big data implementation, smart cities begin the transformation of implementing big data. The purpose of this research paper is to: 1) Review the possible opportunities offered by big data implementation in smart city, 2) Review the challenges that smart city need to solve in utilizing big data, 3) Develop a framework that addresses the key factors in successful big data implementation in smart city. This research paper produces a framework that addresses several key factors that smart city government should consider ensuring success when implementing big data based on the proposed model indicators in private sectors. This framework consists of key factors of big data implementation for smart city which are top management support, organizational change, privacy and security, data availability and quality, cost, skillset and knowledge, big data policy, and technological infrastructure. It is important to have an understanding that these key factors correlate each other and are equally important.
Optimizing Stakeholder Role in Handling Conflict Between College of Pencak Silat Setia Hati Terate With Setia Hati Winongo
Authors: Fikri Rachman , Noor Irwan , Mindarti Lely Indah
Published: June 2021

The regency and City of Madiun became the cultural center of Pencak Silat school. There are 11 schools that are affiliated with IPSI. The eleventh of the school has its own Pencak Silat identity. Different identity of the schools raises conflicts, such as PPSHT with PPSHW. Conflicts often occur when doing the tradition of Suran Agung. The Regency and city Madiun government have made various efforts to implementation of Law No. 7 of 2012 about handling of social conflict but that has not been optimal. The research raised of the problem about how the optimisation pattern of stakeholder role in the handling of conflicts between PPSHT and PPSHW in the Regency and city of Madiun by conducting a perspective mapping of stakeholders involved. This research uses qualitative descriptive methods to focusing on 1) role policy Creator, 2) Coordinator, 3) facilitator, 4) Implementer and 5) accelerators in the handling of conflicts transformed into the development of Madiun tourism The Village of Indonesia Fighter. The results of this study revealed that not yet optimal role of each stakeholder in the handling of conflicts even less do a transformation of conflict into the development of Pencak Silat tourism destination. This is due to the absence of a policy derivative in the form in local regulations and has not yet synergitas the role of stakeholders between the regency government and the city of Madiun. So, there is interesting attraction to fight for the Icon of Pencak Silat and throwing responsibility for the conflicts that occur.
From Adam to Tsar’ Kosmos.
Authors: Bodin Helena
Published: June 2021

Setting out from the short dialogue in which the Cynic philosopher Diogenes of Sinope was asked “Where are you from?” and he replied “I am a citizen of the world [ὃ κοσμοπολίτης; a cosmopolitan]”, the purpose of this article is to explore cosmopolitanism from Byzantine and Constantinopolitan perspectives. The intention is toreflect on the significance of cosmopolitanism for world-making in European historical literature by considering it within the framework of various languages, most importantly Greek. Inspired by Lettevall and Petrov (2014), and Robbins and Horta (2017), cosmopolitanisms are discussed in the plural as a controversial concept that encompasses both unity and plurality. Textual examples from the first centuries adpresent Homer, Adam and Moses, as citizens of the world. Later, in the twelfth century, Orthodox Christian monks are in contrast instead called citizens of heaven (οὐρανοπολίται; ouranopolitans), and at around the same time, the Constantinopolitan writer John Tzetzes records in a unique text the multilingual soundscape of the cosmopolitan city. Furthermore, the Byzantine tradition of Orthodox Christian hymnography, homilies, and iconography is explored. The selected examples concern the celebration of Pentecost as the multilingual event which unites and enlightens kosmos(κόσμος), in contrast to the confusion of tongues in Babel. It is concluded that cosmopolitanism, like the notion of Byzantinism (Bodin 2016), functions as a bordering concept that simultaneously unites and separates semiospheres (Lotman 1990) in the times and spaces in which it operates, oscillating between a homogenising (monolingual) and a heterogenising (multilingual) mode.
Evaluation Framework for Successful Artificial Intelligence–Enabled Clinical Decision Support Systems: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Ji Mengting , Genchev Georgi Z , Huang Hengye , Xu Ting , Lu Hui , Yu Guangjun
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Clinical decision support systems are designed to utilize medical data, knowledge, and analysis engines and to generate patient-specific assessments or recommendations to health professionals in order to assist decision making. Artificial intelligence–enabled clinical decision support systems aid the decision-making process through an intelligent component. Well-defined evaluation methods are essential to ensure the seamless integration and contribution of these systems to clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a measurement instrument and test the interrelationships of evaluation variables for an artificial intelligence–enabled clinical decision support system evaluation framework.

METHODS

An artificial intelligence–enabled clinical decision support system evaluation framework consisting of 6 variables was developed. A Delphi process was conducted to develop the measurement instrument items. Cognitive interviews and pretesting were performed to refine the questions. Web-based survey response data were analyzed to remove irrelevant questions from the measurement instrument, to test dimensional structure, and to assess reliability and validity. The interrelationships of relevant variables were tested and verified using path analysis, and a 28-item measurement instrument was developed. Measurement instrument survey responses were collected from 156 respondents.

RESULTS

The Cronbach α of the measurement instrument was 0.963, and its content validity was 0.943. Values of average variance extracted ranged from 0.582 to 0.756, and values of the heterotrait-monotrait ratio ranged from 0.376 to 0.896. The final model had a good fit (χ262=36.984; P=.08; comparative fit index 0.991; goodness-of-fit index 0.957; root mean square error of approximation 0.052; standardized root mean square residual 0.028). Variables in the final model accounted for 89% of the variance in the user acceptance dimension.

CONCLUSIONS

User acceptance is the central dimension of artificial intelligence–enabled clinical decision support system success. Acceptance was directly influenced by perceived ease of use, information quality, service quality, and perceived benefit. Acceptance was also indirectly influenced by system quality and information quality through perceived ease of use. User acceptance and perceived benefit were interrelated.
Prediction of Critical Care Outcome for Adult Patients Presenting to Emergency Department Using Initial Triage Information: An XGBoost Algorithm Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Yun Hyoungju , Choi Jinwook , Park Jeong Ho
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

The emergency department (ED) triage system to classify and prioritize patients from high risk to less urgent continues to be a challenge.

OBJECTIVE

This study, comprising 80,433 patients, aims to develop a machine learning algorithm prediction model of critical care outcomes for adult patients using information collected during ED triage and compare the performance with that of the baseline model using the Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS).

METHODS

To predict the need for critical care, we used 13 predictors from triage information: age, gender, mode of ED arrival, the time interval between onset and ED arrival, reason of ED visit, chief complaints, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, oxygen saturation, and level of consciousness. The baseline model with KTAS was developed using logistic regression, and the machine learning model with 13 variables was generated using extreme gradient boosting (XGB) and deep neural network (DNN) algorithms. The discrimination was measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve. The ability of calibration with Hosmer–Lemeshow test and reclassification with net reclassification index were evaluated. The calibration plot and partial dependence plot were used in the analysis.

RESULTS

The AUROC of the model with the full set of variables (0.833-0.861) was better than that of the baseline model (0.796). The XGB model of AUROC 0.861 (95% CI 0.848-0.874) showed a higher discriminative performance than the DNN model of 0.833 (95% CI 0.819-0.848). The XGB and DNN models proved better reclassification than the baseline model with a positive net reclassification index. The XGB models were well-calibrated (Hosmer-Lemeshow test; P>.05); however, the DNN showed poor calibration power (Hosmer-Lemeshow test; P<.001). We further interpreted the nonlinear association between variables and critical care prediction.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study demonstrated that the performance of the XGB model using initial information at ED triage for predicting patients in need of critical care outperformed the conventional model with KTAS.
Including the Public in Public eHealth: The Need for Community Participation in the Development of State-Sponsored COVID-19–Related Mobile Apps (Preprint)
Authors: Idris Muhammed Yassin , Korin Maya , Araya Faven , Chowdhury Sayeeda , Medina Patty , Cruz Larissa , Hawkins Trey-Rashad , Brown Humberto , Claudio Luz
Published: June 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

The COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed health care systems worldwide, particularly in underresourced communities of color with a high prevalence of pre-existing health conditions. Many state governments and health care entities responded by increasing their capacity for telemedicine and disease tracking and creating mobile apps for dissemination of medical information. Our experiences with state-sponsored apps suggest that because many of these eHealth tools did not include community participation, they inadvertently contributed to widening digital health disparities. We propose that, as eHealth tools continue to expand as a form of health care, more attention needs to be given to their equitable distribution, accessibility, and usage. In this viewpoint collaboratively written by a minority-serving community-based organization and an eHealth academic research team, we present our experience participating in a community advisory board working on the dissemination of the COVID Alert NY mobile app to illustrate the importance of public participation in app development. We also provide practical recommendations on how to involve community representatives in the app development process. We propose that transparency and community involvement in the process of app development ultimately increases buy-in, trust, and usage of digital technology in communities where they are needed most.
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Teak (Tectona Grandis) Leaves as Food Packaging Material
Authors: Dewi Swastika , Supriyadi Supriyadi , Santoso Umar
Published: June 2021

Teak (Tectona grandis) leaves is commonly used as the packaging material of traditional food in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of teak leaves with various maturation stages to obtain information about the potency of teak leaves as active packaging material. The physical characteristics analysis including leaf color, thickness, and tensile strength, while chemical characteristics were moisture, fat content, fatty acid, and volatile profile. The results showed that the color, thickness, tensile strength, moisture, and fat content, were light green, 0.306±0.024 mm, 0.22±0.114 MPa, 74.93%, and 2.52% respectively for young teak leaves; while the mature has darker green, 0.388±0.001  mm, 0.36±0.163 MPa, 73.05%, and 2.54% respectively. The fatty acid profiles showed that young teak leaves contained 5 types of fatty acids, dominated by lignoceric acid; while mature teak leaves contained 9 types of fatty acids dominated by tricosanoic acid. The volatile components of young teak leaves e.g. acid and ester compounds, while the mature was dominated by acid and ether compounds. From the results, it is suggested that the use of teak leaves as active food packaging material can be scientifically justified.
Editorial
Authors: Jiménez Zaldivar María Elena
Published: June 2021

En esta entrega, RDP Revista Digital de Posgrado publica, en su sección Artículos, una investigación en el campo de las Relaciones internacionales: “Asistencia y protección consular frente a la crisis por COVID-19: el caso en España”; la segunda contribución se inserta en el área de Economía, “Riesgos socioambientales derivados de la pérdida de servicios ecosistémicos: el caso de Ecatepec de Morelos, Estado de México”. En tanto que la sección Ensayos incluye dos trabajos con temas sobre Derecho penal: el primero “El delito de lavado de dinero en México”, y el segundo, “Grafología y Derecho en colaboración para alcanzar la Justicia”. La sección Reseñas bibliográficas presenta la publicación digital Panorama Social de América Latina 2020, de la CEPAL.
On mountain waves
Authors: Covez Leon
Published: June 2021

El presente trabajo examina el problema de las condiciones a la frontera en el estudio de la propagación de las ondas de relieve. Se demuestra qué dentro del marco de la teoría clásica, no se necesita una condición límite en la frontera superior. Al mismo tiempo se aborda el problema de la posibilidad de existencia de una onda que se propague en el sentido contrario a la corriente aérea.
Computation using a simplified theory of multiple leaky aquifers
Authors: Herrera Ismael , Rodarte Leopoldo
Published: June 2021

Se hacen algunas aplicaciones del sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales desarrollado por Herrera y Figueroa (1969), Herrera (1970), para acuíferos semiconfinados múltiples. Las soluciones así obtenidas se compararon con algunas soluciones exactas disponibles, encontrándose una coincidencia muy satisfactoria entre ambas para todos los tiempos en los cuales la interacción entre los acuíferos es significativa.
Pronóstico adaptivo de huracanes
Authors: Le Moyne Luis
Published: June 2021

El presente trabajo está encaminado al pronóstico de trayectoria de huracanes: las características analizadas y pronosticadas son: duración, intensidad. alcance, ángulo de avance. Para el presente trabajo se tomó el Atlántico Norte desde los 5 ° hasta los 30° de latitud Norte y desde la Costa de Africa hasta la Costa de América. Esta zona del Atlántico Norte se subdividió en 70 subzonas de 5 grados de extensión por lado, para el análisis local de las características del huracán. El año fue a su vez subdividido en 15 periodos no isocrónicos de duración: siendo ahora la zona y el periodo las variables independientes en función de las cuales quedan expresadas las otras variables. El pronóstico se desarrolla usando polinomios ortogonales adaptivos programados y desarrollados en la Computadora 86700 de la UNAM. El pronóstico logrado de esta forma adquiere precisiones promedio de 20.
Electromagnetic response of a conducting cylinder of finite length
Authors: Hill David A. , Wait James R.
Published: June 2021

Los campos electromagnéticos se calculan para un cilindro finito, excitado por una fuente circular y, para propósitos de comparación, mediante excitación de una fuente lineal. Estos resultados también se comparan con los del caso del cilindro infinito. Se encuentra que la importancia relativa de la componente con simetría acimutal de la corriente disminuye cuando el cilindro es finito. Este artículo ha sido motivado por las convincentes sugerencias de S. K. Singh relativas a la posible importancia de la corriente con simetría acimutal inducida en cuerpos alargados de minerales, por algunas configuraciones de fuentes electromagnéticas utilizadas en la exploración geofísica.
Transient electromagnetic respoonse of a conducting cylinder in a conducting medium: numerical results
Authors: Singh Shri Krishna
Published: June 2021

Se presentan resultados numéricos para la respuesta electromagnética transitoria de un cilindro conductor infinito inmerso en un medio conductor excitado por una fuente lineal infinita. La corriente de entrada es una función de Heaviside de tiempo. Las corrientes de desplazamiento se supone que son insignificantes en comparación con las corrientes conductoras. La contribución del término n=o (corriente lineal inducida en el cilindro) aparece predominando sobre los multipolos superiores. Como regla aproximada el efecto de la conductividad exterior debe tomarse en consideración si es mayor de I0 ̄² veces que el valor de la conductividad del cilindro.
Disparity in Microbiological Pattern of Cauti in Precisely Tribal Patients in Relation to Impacting Factors from the Known Pattern in the Medical Intensive Care Unit in a Tribal Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Subudhi Monalisa , Jagatheeswary PAT , Das Sudhanshu Kumar , Subudhi Khetrabasi , Rout Rashmiranjan
Published: June 2021

The important risk factor for the development of CAUTI, especially in the intensive care units, is the presence, method and length of Duration of urinary catheterization. The other potential significant risk factors are gender, age, uncontrolled diabetes and long hospital stay. There have been no studies on Tribal patients describing the factors (Demographic as well as Risk factors) which influence the deviation in microbiological pattern of CAUTI in of the MICU, from the patients of other area studied till now. This prospective study was conducted over Tribal patients aged ≥ 18 years who developed features of symptomatic urinary tract infection following an indwelling urinary Foley’s catheter more than 48 hours, in the Medical Intensive Care Unit. Geographical and Clinical data were collected. The CAUTI rate in 33 Tribal patients was 19.2 per 1000 device days with an incidence of 17.3% in the MICU. The microbiological trend was Staphylococcus aureus 12 (26.0%), E. coli 11 (23.9%), Candida albicans 9 (19.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 5 (10.8%), CONS 3 (6.5%), Streptococcus pneumoniae 3(6.0%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2 (4.3%) and Acinetobacter baumannii 1 (2.1%). Staphylococcus aureus was the common cause of CAUTI in low and medium socioeconomic tribal patients of more than 20 to 40 years of age, as compared to E. coli in Nontribal Patients. E.coli was found in the dominated female patients and in age upto 20 years and more than 40to 60 years old patients and Klebsiella pneumonae in above 60 years age. High status group with Acinetobactor baumannii. Candida albicans was associated with use of urinary catheter less than 7 days. Length of ICU stay more than 14 days was associated with E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus in equally proportionately. CONS 2(50%) was found in type-2 Diabetes mellitus and Staphylococcus aureus 7 (53.8 %) with Sickle cell anemia in Tribal patients. Our analysis precisely of this Tribal patients, brings several important and unique findings, which will not only aid in the development of some new or update guidelines but also encourage the researcher to do more study, for the prevention of CAUTI in the MICU of Tribal tertiary care centre.
Decoupling Representations and the Chain of Arguments
Authors: Santibáñez Cristián
Published: June 2021

In this paper, I propose to understand argumentative decoupling—that is, the structural fact of the argumentative chain self-referring to one (or more) of its constituents (reason, data, conclusion, point of view) in subsequent arguments—as part of the way in which cognitive decoupling representation works. In order to support this claim, I make use of part of the discussion developed in cognitive studies and evolutionary theories that describes this phenomenon when explaining intentional communication. By using Toulmin’s model, I exemplify how decoupling representation may be seen as part of a chain of arguments in which a second argumentative move is usually oriented to action. I conclude by reflecting on the relationship between this human cognitive capacity and the problem of recursion to hold that these two concepts are not synonymous but stand in a subordinated and complementary relation to each other.
Argumentation Ab Homine in Philosophy
Authors: Leal Fernando
Published: June 2021

Argumentation that uses the beliefs of one’s opponents to refute them is well known (ad hominem in the classical sense). This paper proposes that there is a hitherto unnoticed counterpart to it, to be called ab homine, in which speakers/writers argue through the manner in which they deliver a message. Since the manner of delivery can never be turned into a premise or premises, this form of argumentation—although somewhat resembling Aristotle’s ethos—is much closer to the peculiar force of Socratic elenchos.
“Am I Making More of It Than I Should?": Reporting and Responding to Sexual Harassment
Authors: Russell Holly Ann , Fogarty Colleen T. , McDaniel Susan H. , Naumburg Elizabeth H. , Nofziger Anne , Rosenberg Tziporah , Sanders Mechele , Fiscella Kevin
Published: June 2021

Background and Objectives: Health professionals may face sexual harassment from patients, faculty, and colleagues. Medicine’s hierarchy deters response to sexual harassment. Current evidence consists largely of quantitative data regarding the frequency and types of sexual harassment. More information is needed about the nature of the experience and how or why professionals choose to report or respond.
Methods: We developed and administered a semistructured interview guide to elicit family medicine faculty and residents’ experiences with sexual harassment and gender bias. Facilitators led a series of focus groups divided by faculty (N=28) and residents (N=24). We ensured voluntary consent and groups were audiotaped, transcribed and deidentified. We coded the transcripts using immersion-crystallization theory to identify emergent themes.
Results: Sexual harassment from patients and colleagues was described as witnessed or personally experienced by faculty and resident participants in 100% of the focus groups. Respondents identified the presence of mentors, clear reporting process and follow-up, history of good organizational response to reporting, and education and training as facilitators to reporting sexual harassment. Barriers to reporting included fear of retaliation, lack of trust of the system to respond, lack of clarity about “what counts,” and confusion with the reporting process.
Conclusions: It is important to capitalize on facilitators to reporting sexual harassment, starting with acknowledging the frequency of sexual harassment and gender discrimination. Addressing barriers to responding through education and training for our learners and faculty is critical. Clarifying the reporting process, having clear expectations for behavior, and a continuum of responses may help increase the frequency of reporting.
Stored water in the inner bark and sapwood: Atypical patterns of daily discharge and recharge, radial osmotic gradient and freezing resistance
Authors: Bucci Sandra J. , Silletta Luisina Carbonell , Cavallaro Agustin , Arias Nadia S. , Campanello Paula , Goldstein Guillermo , Scholz Fabian G.
Published: June 2021

Stored water in inner tissues can affect plant water balance and its
freezing resistance. We studied the water storages in the inner bark and
sapwood of Araucaria araucana, a species with thick inner bark.
Specifically, we analyzed its daily behavior, the driving force to
radial water movement and its freezing resistance. The whole-stem water
content and diameter and sap flow increased in the morning and decreased
in the afternoon. An osmotic gradient between stem tissues was involved
in the morning water storage recharge. There were no lags in the onset
of sap flow between different stem positions, however sap flow at 6m
height was higher than basal sap flow in the afternoon, at the time that
sapwood water content started to decline followed by the inner bark.
Extracellular freezing was delayed down to -6˚C in the inner bark and to
-8˚C in the leaves. The unusual diurnal pattern of internal water use
may enhance freezing resistance as a consequence of the lower water
content and higher osmotic potential when the lowest temperatures occur.
The contribution of stem tissues to daily water use and the pattern of
ice nucleation observed make this species less susceptible to drought
and very low temperatures.
Do carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin levels predict the return of spontaneous circulation and prognosis of cardiac arrest patients?
Authors: Tezel Onur , Bilge Sedat , Acar Yahya Ayhan , Ozkan Gokhan
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Early prediction of return of spontaneous circulation
(ROSC) for cardiac arrest (CA) patients is a major challenge. This
study’s goal was to investigate the value of the carboxyhemoglobin
(COHb) and methemoglobin (MetHb) levels as a predictive marker for ROSC
and prognostic marker for patients who achieve ROSC. Methods: A total of
241 adult patients (109 female, 132 male) diagnosed as non-traumatic CA
were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups
based on whether they achieved ROSC. Complete blood count parameters,
routine biochemistry measurements, coagulation parameters, and blood gas
analysis, and cardiac markers values were compared between the groups.
Results: COHb levels were significantly lower in the non-ROSC group
(0.71 ± 0.57%) than in the ROSC group (0.95 ± 0.76%) and in the
non-survival group (0.78 ± 0.53%) compared to the survivor group (1.45
± 1.31%) (p =0.002, 0.022 respectively). There was no significant
difference between the ROSC and non-ROSC groups and survivor group and
non-survivor groups in terms of MetHb levels (p = 0.769 and 0.668,
respectively). Conclusions: COHb levels in the blood gas analysis at the
time of admission could be used as a predictive marker for ROSC and
prognostic marker for the patients who achieved ROSC.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: incidence and severity in a cohort of premature infants born at high altitude.
Authors: Buendia Jefferson , Ramieez Cristian , Benjumea Dione
Published: June 2021

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common cause of
chronic lung disease in children born prematurely. There is little
information about the epidemiology and severity of BPD places with high
altitude. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of BPD severity
levels and the associated risk factors with severity in a cohort of
preterm newborns ≤34 weeks of gestational age born in Rionegro, Colombia
Materials and methods: We carried out a retrospective analytical cohort
of preterm newborns without major malformations from Rionegro, Colombia
between 2011-2018 admitted to neonatal intensive unit at high altitude
(2200m above sea level). The main outcomes were the incidence and
severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Results: The bronchopulmonary
dysplasia incidence was 25.7% (95% CI, 21.6-29.9). Bronchopulmonary
dysplasia was moderate in 62.1% of patients and severe in 26.7%. The
most frequent complications were sepsis (62.1%), hyaline membrane
disease (59.5%), and pneumonia (26.7%). After modeling regression
analysis, and force in the model the variable gestational age at birth,
the final variables associated with BPD severity levels were: duration
of oxygen therapy and pulmonary hypertension. Conclusion: The incidence
of BPD was higher and similar to cities with higher altitudes. In our
population, the variables associated with BPD severity levels were:
duration of oxygen therapy and pulmonary hypertension. It is necessary
to increase the awareness of risk factors, the effect of clinical
practices, and early recognition of bronchopulmonary dysplasia to reduce
morbidity in patients with this pathology.
Long-term Predictions of Incident Coronary Artery Calcium to 85 Years of Age for Asymptomatic Individuals with and without Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ferket Bart S. , Hunink M.G. Myriam , Masharani Umesh , Max Wendy , Yeboah Joseph , Fleischmann Kirsten E.
Published: June 2021

Objective

To examine the utility of repeated computed
tomography (CT) coronary artery calcium (CAC) testing, we assessed risks of
detectable CAC and its cardiovascular consequences in individuals with and
without type 2 diabetes from ages 45 to 85 years.

Research Design and Methods

We included 5836 individuals (618 with
type 2 diabetes, 2972 without baseline CAC) from the Multi-Ethnic Study of
Atherosclerosis. Logistic and Cox regression evaluated the impact of type 2
diabetes, diabetes treatment duration and other predictors on prevalent and incident
CAC. We used time-dependent Cox modeling of follow-up data (median 15.9 years) for
two repeat CT exams and cardiovascular events to assess the association of CAC at
follow-up CT with cardiovascular events.

Results

For 45-year-olds with type 2
diabetes, the likelihood of CAC at baseline was 23% versus 17% for those without.
Median age at incident CAC was 52.2 versus 62.3 years for those with and
without diabetes. Each 5 years of diabetes treatment increased the odds and hazard
rate of CAC by 19% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8-33%) and 22% (95% CI 6-41%).
Male gender, white ethnicity/race,
hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and low serum creatinine also
increased CAC. CAC at follow-up CT independently increased coronary heart
disease rates.

Conclusions

We estimated cumulative CAC incidence
to age 85. Patients with type 2 diabetes develop CAC at a younger age than
those without diabetes. Because incident CAC is associated with increased
coronary heart disease risk, the value of periodic CAC-based risk assessment in
type 2 diabetes should be evaluated.