bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE DIVERSITY GAP IN THE PUBLIC–PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP INDUSTRY: AN EXAMINATION OF WOMEN AND VISIBLE MINORITIES IN SENIOR LEADERSHIP POSITIONS
Authors: SIEMIATYCKI Matti
Published: January 2019

Despite intense focus on leadership diversity in industries such as high technology, business, the media and academia, to date the infrastructure sector has not received the same level of scrutiny. This paper develops a theoretical framework to explain why leadership diversity matters in the management of complex infrastructure projects delivered through public–private partnerships, and then empirically identifies the diversity gap in senior leadership in the PPP industry worldwide. The study is based on an examination of over 2,800 public and private sector executives, board members and politicians responsible for PPPs in over 90 countries. The results show that women and racial minorities are significantly underrepresented in senior leadership roles, a pattern that is deeply entrenched and consistent globally. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of the findings for the infrastructure industry, and explores how a lack of leadership diversity can influence project management outcomes.
Editorial: the role of vitamin D in autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Nasiroglu Imga Narin , Efe Cumali
Published: January 2019

Linked Content

This article is linked to Ebadi et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15029 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15091.
Letter: you can stare at a vicious circle, but you can also try to break it—psychological health and coeliac disease
Authors: Enck Paul
Published: January 2019

Linked Content

This article is linked to Ludvigsson et al and Emilsson and Ludvigsson papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14991 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15096.
Letter: you can stare at a vicious circle, but you can also try to break it—psychological health and coeliac disease. Authors' reply
Authors: Emilsson Louise , Ludvigsson Jonas F.
Published: January 2019

Linked Content

This article is linked to Ludvigsson et al and Enck papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14991 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15085.
Cattle stunning with a penetrative captive bolt device: A review
Authors: Kamenik Josef , Paral Vaclav , Pyszko Martin , Voslarova Eva
Published: January 2019

The captive bolt device has been used for stunning cattle at abattoirs for more than 100 years and is now one of the stunning devices used most widely. The aim of this review article was to assess the effects that are decisive during cattle slaughter on the quality of stunning with the use of a captive bolt stunning device. The basis of effective stunning is the use of a suitable type of device, with the speed of the bolt and the kinetic energy corresponding to the anatomical parameters of the slaughtered animal. The importance of the regular cleaning and maintenance of stunning devices and monitoring of the effectiveness of stunning goes without saying. The immediate loss of sensibility in the animal must occur after the first shot. The effectiveness of the stunning process can be quantified by regular monitoring of the behavior of animals after stunning with an emphasis on the loss of reflexes (corneal reflex, regular breathing, attempts to regain physiological posture) and checks on the shot location on the skulls of slaughtered animals.
Discontinuation of medications at the end of life: A population study in Belgium, based on linked administrative databases
Authors: Paque Kristel , De Schreye Robrecht , Elseviers Monique , Vander Stichele Robert , Pardon Koen , Dilles Tinne , Christiaens Thierry , Deliens Luc , Cohen Joachim
Published: January 2019

Aims

The aim of this study was to examine the use of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) in relation to time before death, to explore whether PIMs are discontinued at the end of life, and the factors associated with this discontinuation.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective register‐based mortality cohort study of all deceased in 2012 in Belgium, aged at least 75 years at time of death (n = 74 368), using linked administrative databases. We used STOPPFrail to identify PIMs received during the period from 12 to 6 months before death (P1) and the last 4 months (P2) of life.

Results

Median age was 86 (IQR 81–90) at time of death, 57% were female, 38% were living in a nursing home, and 16% were admitted to hospital between 2 years and 4 months before death. Overall, PIM use was high, and increased towards death for all PIMs. At least one PIM was discontinued during P2 for one in five (20%) of the population, and 49% had no discontinuation. Being hospitalized in the period before the last 4 months of life, living in a nursing home, female gender and a higher number of medications used during P1 were associated with discontinuation of PIMs (respective aOR [95% CI]: 2.89 [2.73–3.06], 1.29 [1.23–1.36], 1.26 [1.20–1.32], 1.17 [1.16–1.17]).

Conclusion

Initial PIM use was high and increased towards death. Discontinuation was observed in only one in five PIM users. More guidance for discontinuation of PIMs is needed: practical, evidence‐based deprescribing guidelines and implementation plans, training for prescribers and a better consensus on what inappropriate medication is.
Soil is the main predictor of secondary rain forest estimated aboveground biomass across a Neotropical landscape
Authors: Santiago‐García Ricardo J. , Finegan Bryan , Bosque‐Pérez Nilsa A.
Published: January 2019

We studied the relative effects of landscape configuration, environmental variables, forest age, and spatial variables on estimated aboveground biomass (AGB) in Costa Rican secondary rain forests patches. We measured trees ≥5 cm dbh in 24, 0.25 ha plots and estimated AGB for trees 5–24.9 cm dbh and for trees >25 cm dbh using two allometric equations based on multispecies models using tree dbh and wood‐specific gravity. AGB averaged 87.3 Mg/ha for the 24 plots (not including remnant trees) and 123.4 Mg/ha including remnant trees (20 plots). There was no effect of forest age on AGB. Variation partitioning analysis showed that soils, climate, landscape configuration, and space together explained 61% of tree AGB variance. When controlling for the effects of the other three variables, only soils remained significant. Soil properties, specifically K and Cu, had the strongest independent effect on AGB (variation partitioning, R2 = 0.17, p = 0.0310), indicating that in this landscape, AGB variation in secondary forest patches is influenced by soil chemical properties. Elucidating the relative influence of soils in AGB variation is critical for understanding changes associated with land cover modification across Neotropical landscapes, as it could have important consequences for land use planning since secondary forests are considered carbon sinks.

Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Measuring and Predicting Individual Differences in Executive Functions at 14 Months: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Devine Rory T. , Ribner Andrew , Hughes Claire
Published: January 2019

This study of 195 (108 boys) children seen twice during infancy (Time 1: 4.12 months; Time 2: 14.42 months) aimed to investigate the associations between and infant predictors of executive function (EF) at 14 months. Infants showed high levels of compliance with the EF tasks at 14 months. There was little evidence of cohesion among EF tasks but simple response inhibition was related to performance on two other EF tasks. Infant attention (but not parent‐rated temperament) at 4 months predicted performance on two of the four EF tasks at 14 months. Results suggest that EF skills build on simpler component skills such as attention and response inhibition.
Incidence and risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with amblyopia: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Su Chien‐Chia , Tsai Chia‐Ying , Tsai Tzu‐Hsun , Tsai I‐Ju
Published: January 2019

Importance

The association between visual deficits and attention disorders has been reported but remains unproven.

Background

The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with amblyopia.

Design

Population‐based, cohort study.

Participants

The dataset from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database in 2000 to 2010.

Methods

A total of 6817 patients aged <18 years with newly diagnosed amblyopia were identified. Four age‐ and sex‐matched controls without amblyopia were included for each patient, that is, 27268 controls.

Main Outcome Measures

The primary outcome was the risk of ADHD. The secondary outcomes were age at ADHD onset and use of ADHD medication.

Results

During a mean observation period of 7.18 years, the incidence of ADHD per 1000 person‐years was 7.02 in the amblyopia group and 4.61 in the control group (P < 0.0001). The ADHD risk in the amblyopia group was 1.81 times that in the control group (hazard ratio 1.81; 95% confidence interval 1.59‐2.06). After stratification by amblyopia subtype, the greatest risk was in the deprivation type (hazard ratio 2.14; 95% confidence interval 1.56‐2.92) followed by the strabismic (hazard ratio 2.09; 95% confidence interval 1.15‐3.79) and refractive (hazard ratio 1.76; 95% confidence interval 1.54‐2.02) types. Age at ADHD onset was younger in the amblyopia group (median 8.14 vs 8.45 years; P = 0.0096). The average duration of neuropsychiatric medication use was comparable between groups (P = 0.98).

Conclusions and Relevance

The ADHD risk is higher in children with amblyopia.
Changes in area and number of nature reserves in China
Authors: Ma Zhijun , Chen Ying , Melville David S. , Fan Jun , Liu Jianguo , Dong Jinwei , Tan Kun , Cheng Xuefei , Fuller Richard A. , Xiao Xiangming , Li Bo
Published: January 2019

Nature reserves (NR) are the cornerstone of biodiversity conservation. Over the past 60 years, the rapid expansion of NRs in China, one of the world's megadiverse countries, has played a critical role in slowing biodiversity loss. We examined the changes in the number and area of China's NRs from 1956 to 2014 and analyzed the effect of economic development on the expansion of China's NRs from 2005 to 2014 with linear models. Despite a continuing increase in the number of NRs, the total area of China's NRs decreased by 3% from 2007 to 2014. This loss resulted from downsizing and degazettement of existing NRs and a slowdown in the establishment of new ones. Nature reserves in regions with rapid economic development exhibited a greater decrease in area, suggesting that downsizing and degazettement of NRs are closely related to the intensifying competition between economic growth and conservation. For example, boundary adjustments to national NRs, the most strictly protected NRs, along the coast of China's Yellow Sea, a global biodiversity hotspot with a fast‐growing economy, resulted in the loss of one‐third of the total area. One of the most important ecosystems in these NRs, tidal wetlands, decreased by 27.8% because of boundary adjustments and by 25.2% because of land reclamation. Our results suggest conservation achievement, in terms of both area and quality, are declining at least in some regions in the Chinese NR estate. Although the designation of protected areas that are primarily managed for sustainable use has increased rapidly in recent years in China, we propose that NRs with biodiversity conservation as their main function should not be replaced or weakened.
All's Well That Ends Well: How Alabama Farmers Marketers “Last Stand” Against Modernity Was Finally Resolved
Authors: Oths Kathryn S. , Groves Katy M. , Copeland Toni J.
Published: January 2019

Farmers markets are inextricably tied to local politics, culture, and individual feelings and behaviors about food and community. Just as the farmers market can be a site for community integration and bonding, it can also be a site of contention–especially when long‐standing traditions are threatened. When city planners in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, decided to relocate the modest but long‐established farmers market to a new indoor facility along the revitalized Black Warrior Riverfront, vendors and their clients rebelled, worried that a new facility would cater only to upscale shoppers. Ethnographic interviews with all key players were conducted to determine the values and needs of each interest group, with the hopes of reaching an optimal solution to the problem of supplying fresh fruits and vegetables to all citizens. This article features an analysis of points of convergence and divergence among farmer and customer opinions and presents the epilogue to this drawn‐out conflict.
Primary cutaneous Hodgkin‐like polymorphic post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
Authors: Dunn Carly , Nguyen Harrison P. , Patel Viraat , Barker Heather S. , Diwan A. Hafeez , Yared Marwan , Elghetany Tarek , Restrepo Alejandro , Dao Harry
Published: January 2019

Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is an uncommon complication after solid‐organ transplants and hematopoietic stem cell transplants. Isolated involvement of the skin without systemic involvement in PTLD is extremely rare. Primary cutaneous PTLD is generally categorized as either cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma or cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma, with variable Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) positivity. Herein, we describe an exceedingly uncommon case of a primary cutaneous Hodgkin‐like polymorphic PTLD. A man in his 60s, with a history of kidney transplant, presented with a 5‐week history of two indurated plaques. Clinical, histologic and immunohistochemical findings were consistent with primary cutaneous Hodgkin‐like polymorphic PTLD. Reduction in immunosuppression led to resolution of his lesions. This case highlights a rare case of primary cutaneous Hodgkin‐like PTLD and increases awareness of this uncommon post‐transplant complication. It also underscores the importance of collaboration between dermatology, hematology, dermatopathology and hematopathology in order to diagnose challenging cases.
Thumb Up or Down? A Text‐Mining Approach of Understanding Consumers through Reviews
Authors: Zhao Shaoqiong
Published: January 2019

Word of mouth has long been recognized to be an influential variable in marketing. With the growth of Internet applications, traditional word of mouth has evolved into the online form in a variety of Web‐based outlets where individuals spread their perceptions via the written word. These expressions are often in the form of online reviews or assessments of products and services. In this article, we attempt to use features to represent reviews, which contain the sentiments of the consumers, and to predict the overall attitudes of online reviews of the consumers. Further, we want to look at which words are indicative/decision driven of a positive/negative attitude of the consumers, especially we want to identify a set of features which will result in a desired class–positive attitude in our case. Data was collected from a well‐known web site using a WebCrawler type technique and we applied text‐mining approach for the analysis. The overall results compare favorably with those from standard numeric based quantitative prediction methods. In addition, the text‐mining methodology and inverse classification help us identify the key features that are related to positive/negative overall attitudes of online users. Identification of key features will be of considerable help to marketers in designing their keyword choices for more effective application of search engine marketing strategies while identification of the negative associated key words will lead to discovery of problematic areas.
Behavioral Contract Design Under Asymmetric Forecast Information
Authors: Johnsen Lennart C. , Voigt Guido , Corbett Charles J.
Published: January 2019

We investigate the capacity investment decision of a supplier who produces a critical component for a buyer. An incentive conflict is present, because the buyer possesses private forecast information about end customer demand. We use laboratory experiments to test the performance of nonlinear capacity reservation contracts offered by the supplier. We show that both bounded rationality and fairness preferences consistently lead to buyer contract choices that harm supplier performance and overall supply chain performance. We therefore examine several capacity reservation contracts that take into account the buyer's inability to maximize utility (bounded rationality) and/or the buyer's motives (inequity aversion). We find that considering these behavioral aspects in contract design enhances supply chain performance.
Law, memory, and priestly office in Rome, c.500
Authors: Leyser Conrad
Published: January 2019

This essay sets the development of Christian thinking about law and clerical office in the wider context of the discussion of office in the later Roman empire. It offers a reassessment of the work of Dionysius Exiguus, a well‐known translator from Greek into Latin of the Acts of the fourth‐ and fifth‐century church councils, and a compiler of papal decretals. The essay attempts to place Dionysius’ work in its immediate Roman context, in the context of fifth‐century canonical activity, especially in North Africa, and in the more general context of the political culture of office‐holding in the late Roman polity. Central here is the tension between bureaucratic regulation and autocratic room for manoeuvre. Dionysius did not attempt fully to resolve this tension, though he did attempt to contain it.
Subsyndromal delirium is associated with poor functional outcome after ischaemic stroke
Authors: Klimiec‐Moskal E. , Lis A. , Pera J. , Slowik A. , Dziedzic T.
Published: January 2019

Background and purpose

Subsyndromal delirium (SSD) refers to patients with delirious symptoms who do not meet the criteria for delirium. The aim was to determine the prognostic significance of SSD in stroke patients.

Methods

In all, 564 patients with ischaemic stroke (median age 71 years, 50.5% female) were included. The Confusion Assessment Method was used to assess symptoms of delirium and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edn, criteria were used to diagnose delirium. SSD was defined as one or more core features of delirium without fulfilling diagnostic criteria. Functional outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale at 3 and 12 months after stroke.

Results

Delirium was diagnosed in 23.4% of patients and SSD in 10.3% of patients. SSD was associated with increased risk of poor functional outcome. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for unfavourable outcome at 3 and 12 months were 2.88 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43–5.79, P < 0.01] and 2.93 (95% CI 1.39–6.22, P < 0.01), respectively. In multivariate analysis, delirium was an independent predictor of poor functional outcome at 3 months (OR 6.41, 95% CI 3.36–12.21, P < 0.01) and 12 months (OR 6.11, 95% CI 3.05–12.27, P < 0.01) after stroke. Delirium was also independently associated with increased risk of death within 3 months (hazard ratio 3.68, 95% CI 1.69–8.02, P < 0.01) and 12 months (hazard ratio 3.76, 95% CI 2.05–6.90, P < 0.01). SSD was not associated with increased risk of death.

Conclusions

In SSD patients the risk of poor functional outcome after stroke is increased and intermediate between patients with and patients without delirium.
Correction of medication nonadherence results in better seizure outcomes than dose escalation in a novel preclinical epilepsy model of adherence
Authors: Hill A. Cameron , Thomson Kyle E. , Newell Thomas G. , White H. Steve
Published: January 2019

Objective

Medication nonadherence directly contributes to poor seizure control. A lack of emphasis on correcting poor adherence and failures in patient adherence can result in unwarranted alterations to a patient's drug regimen. We have modeled nonadherent patients in an animal model of epilepsy to study how alterations to pharmacotherapy, made without consideration of a patient's adherence, result in changes to seizure control.

Methods

Newly diagnosed rats with epilepsy were treated with carbamazepine (CBZ) during a 4‐week baseline period to establish their baseline seizure rate in the presence of 50% adherence. Next, animals were randomized to one of three treatment interventions and monitored for 6 weeks. Groups included: (1) no change in therapy—rats continued the 50% adherent paradigm; (2) dose escalation—the dose of CBZ was doubled, and the 50% adherent paradigm continued; and (3) nonadherence corrected—rats continued the initial dose of CBZ, but the adherence rate was adjusted to 100% (ie, fully adherent).

Results

The rats in the no change in therapy arm displayed a 61% increase in seizure burden over the 6‐week intervention phase. Similarly, rats in the dose escalation arm had a 66% worsening of their daily seizure burden. In contrast, rats in the nonadherence corrected arm displayed a 33% reduction in their daily seizure burden; a significant improvement when compared to the normalized seizure burden scores of rats in the other two treatment arms (P < 0.01).

Significance

We found that failure to correct medication nonadherence resulted in an increase in daily seizure burden in rats, even following dose escalation. In the presence of nonadherence, dose escalation worsened seizure control. In contrast, correcting nonadherence alone resulted in improved seizure control. These findings suggest that improving adherence should be prioritized over dose escalation in the clinical management of uncontrolled epilepsy.
The drosophilid risk on imports
Authors: Balmès V. , Mouttet R.
Published: January 2019

The introduction and spread of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera, Drosophilidae) in Europe has had a major impact on agricultural production. The origin of this pest is known, but not the relative importance of the main pathways of entry and spread. Drosophilid larvae may be detected during phytosanitary import inspections, and this study attempted to identify 18 larvae, originating from 8 countries, intercepted by phytosanitary inspectors in France (mainland and overseas territories). Given the difficulties in identifying larval stages using morphology, molecular analysis was carried out on the larvae. While the authors expected that the larvae would be mainly from the genus Drosophila, in fact the majority were from the genus Zaprionus (14 specimens, 78% of the analysis). These included Zaprionus indianus and Zaprionus tuberculatus which were found 7 times (39%) and 3 times (17%), respectively. New host plants are recorded for Zaprionus tuberculatus.
An improved MULTIMOORA method with combined weights and its application in assessing the innovative ability of universities
Authors: Dong Liang , Gu Xin , Wu Xingli , Liao Huchang
Published: January 2019

Innovative ability plays a critical role in the sustainable development of universities. Although the assessment of universities' innovative ability is a significant undertaking, it is difficult work. This challenge can be addressed as a typical multiple attribute decision making (MADM) problem, in which multiple attributes should be considered with different levels of importance. This paper aims to propose an integrated MADM method to solve this issue. To do so, we first introduce the least square method with the hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set to determine the subjective attribute weights. Considering that the selected attributes are not always in conflict with each other due to the complexity of objective things, we further present a correlation coefficient‐based method to calculate another kind of attribute weight. The final weights are the combined form of these two types of attribute weights. In addition, we enhance the robust ranking method, MULTIMOORA, with the Borda rule to calculate the utility values of universities and derive their rankings. Finally, after establishing an index system, the assessment of the innovative ability of 26 world‐class construction universities in China is conducted by using the proposed method. The advantages and disadvantages of the assessed universities are analysed.
Tippins and Wittman Revisited: Law, Social Science, and the Role of the Child Custody Expert 14 Years Later
Authors: Amundson Jon , Lux Glenda
Published: January 2019

It has been 14 years since Tippins and Wittmann () voiced concern for the overreaching role the expert may play in matters of family law. This article sets their levels of inference within the context of the culture of both law and social science. We examine how inferences are impacted by the relative emphasis child custody experts give to the five stakeholders involved in child custody evaluations (CCEs): courts, lawyers, parents, children, and professional governing bodies. Acculturation of the assessor to law contributes to more egregious inferences, versus the more modest ones Tippins and Wittmann advocated. How evaluators prioritize stakeholders shapes their opinion and methodology. We offer an expanded perspective that views how their levels of inference are manifest in reports, methodology, and recommendations and the influence of the culture of law and the mindset of the clinician. We hope to encourage clinicians to find ways to operationalize clinical humility, assume their proper role, and remain true to their master identity as licensed mental health professionals and their proper sphere of authority.
Finding a Safer Harbor: Mandating Health Care Clinics to Intervene in Child Sex Trafficking by Amending the Safe Harbor Act
Authors: Russell Alexandra B.
Published: January 2019

When it comes to child sex trafficking, health care clinics have become spaces of duality. While these facilities provide medical care to child victims, many argue that this facilitates traffickers in concealing evidence of child sex trafficking. This Note proposes an amendment to New York's Safe Harbor Act and various sections of the Social Services Law to cure legislative ambiguity with respect to health care clinics. The amendment will mandate that all state‐run health care clinics implement a uniform process, utilizing mental health professionals and a standardized interview process, to identify and report instances of potential child sex trafficking.
Sainfoin production in western Canada: A review of agronomic potential and environmental benefits
Authors: Sheppard Steve C. , Cattani Doug J. , Ominski Kim H. , Biligetu Bill , Bittman Shabtai , McGeough Emma J.
Published: January 2019

Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) is a forage legume of renewed interest in western Canada, with equally weighted advantages and disadvantages. In agronomic attributes, sainfoin is, at best, equal in yield, crude protein content and persistence to alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Sainfoin is equally or more palatable than alfalfa to ruminants, with comparable levels of animal productivity per unit forage consumed. The advantages it has compared to alfalfa include the following: (a) mitigation of frothy bloat; (b) reduced ammonia emissions (more faecal nitrogen (N) and less urinary N); (c) equal or better N retention by ruminants; and (d) anthelmintic protection from intestinal parasites. These advantages may be attributed to the presence of condensed tannins (CT), in legumes such as sainfoin. Emphasis on agronomic characteristics in breeding programmes appears to have led to the inadvertent reduction in the efficacy ofCTcharacteristics. Persistence of sainfoin appears to be dependent on minimal pressure from competing plants, harvest or grazing, and good growth conditions from mid‐summer into fall, allowing for adequate root reserves for survival. It is possible that judicious use of glyphosate in late season might lessen competition in that critical period as sainfoin is more glyphosate‐tolerant than alfalfa. Otherwise, sainfoin may be best considered a short‐lived forage and best adapted for early season harvest or grazing to eliminate the risk of bloat.
Ambulatory glucose profile in diabetes‐related dementia
Authors: Ogawa Yusuke , Shimizu Soichiro , Takenoshita Naohito , Kaneko Yoshitsugu , Satoto Tomohiko , Hanyu Haruo
Published: January 2019

Aim

Diabetes‐related dementia (DrD), a dementia subgroup associated with specific diabetes mellitus (DM)‐related metabolic abnormalities rather than Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology or cerebrovascular disease, is characterized by less well‐controlled glycemia. We investigated the glucose level, variability and stability, and risk of hypoglycemia in DrD to determine characteristic ambulatory glucose profiles (AGP).

Methods

We obtained AGP for 14 days of 40 patients with AD associated with DM and 19 patients with DrD using a novel sensor‐based flash glucose monitoring system (FreeStyle Libre Pro).

Results

Despite similar mean glucose and estimated A1c values, the DrD group showed significantly greater glucose variability and higher percentage of time spent in hypoglycemia than the AD associated with DM group. Glucose level and variability correlated significantly and negatively with Mini‐Mental State Examination in DrD, but not in AD associated with DM The estimated A1c levels calculated from the 14 days of AGP data significantly correlated with the HbA1c levels measured within 2 months of the insertion of the sensor.

Conclusions

DrD has a distinctively different AGP from that of AD associated with DM. Glucose variability and hypoglycemia are more involved in the pathophysiology of DrD than in that of AD associated with DM. The AGP analysis using the flash glucose monitoring system might provide useful information undetected by HbA1c values. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 282–286.
A Genetic Algorithm for Stochastic Inversion in Contaminant Subsurface Hydrology
Authors: Moreno Ziv , Paster Amir
Published: January 2019

Identifying the spatial distribution of hydrological properties of aquifers is a key problem in subsurface hydrology. The aquifer structure plays an important role in contaminant transport. Identifying the properties (primarily the hydraulic conductivity) is essentially an inversion problem that is ill‐posed, non‐unique and computationally intensive by definition. In this work, the non‐uniqueness of the inverse problem is tackled via a novel Genetic Algorithm approach combined with a geostatistical method (Sequential Indicator Simulations) for construction of realizations of properties spatial distributions, which are modeled as random. The Genetic Algorithm cross‐over operator is based on a novel concept of pilot‐planes: daughter realizations adopt pilot‐planes from one of their parents. In addition, each aquifer realization is conditioned on the geological hard data and is constructed by sampling the facies distribution, evaluated by indicator variograms. The approach is illustrated in two test cases: a synthetic two‐dimensional (2D) case and an actual three‐dimensional (3D) case. The results have shown the ability of the proposed approach to generate a set of realizations, where each individual exhibits minor deviations from the measurements. Further, a comparison between the proposed approach and direct (Monte Carlo) approach shows that the Genetic Algorithm was able to generate an ensemble of solutions with a better fitting of the measurements than the direct approach by a significantly reduced computational effort.
Recommendations for the clinical interpretation of genetic variants and presentation of results to patients with inherited bleeding disorders. A UK Haemophilia Centre Doctors’ Organisation Good Practice Paper
Authors: Gomez Keith , Laffan Mike , Keeney Steve , Sutherland Megan , Curry Nikki , Lunt Peter
Published: January 2019

This paper sets out good practice for clinicians involved in interpreting variant reports for patients with inherited bleeding disorders. It is aimed primarily at doctors, nurses and allied healthcare professionals who may not have had specific training in genetic testing methodology or reporting. It deals with uncertainty in classification of variant pathogenicity and the handling of incidental findings.
Structural, magnetic, and optical properties of nano‐sized Ni0.85Se
Authors: Heiba Zein K. , Mohamed Mohamed Bakr , Mostafa Nasser Y.
Published: January 2019

Nanocrystalline Ni0.85Se was synthesized by a hydrothermal method. X‐ray diffraction analysis by Rietveld method indicated that Ni0.85Se has a NiAs‐type hexagonal structure. Narrow crystallite size distribution with an average area‐weighted size of 〈ɛF〉 = 8.5 nm is obtained by Warren‐Averbach method. Structural analysis revealed deformed Se atoms octahedron with the shortest distance between Se atoms in adjacent planes 〈Se–Se〉adj smaller than between nearest neighbors in layer plane 〈Se–Se〉nea, and a rather short interatomic distance between the transition metal atoms 〈Ni–Ni〉. The optical property of Ni0.85Se was studied by UV‐spectroscopy. Magnetic measurement shows a ferromagnetic phase transition for Ni0.85Se below 14 K.
Evaluation of food labelling usefulness for consumers
Authors: Moreira M. J. , García‐Díez J. , de Almeida J. M. M. M. , Saraiva C.
Published: January 2019

Food labelling is a means of communication between food business operators and consumers, representing an important factor in consumer purchasing decisions. The enforcement of the new food labelling policy is aimed to improve food safety and public health through the mandatory indication of information and nutritional values. To understand the usefulness of the information provided for consumers, a survey was carried out to assess the efficacy of the information presented in food labelling. Principal component analysis was performed to obtain a smaller number of uncorrelated factors regarding the usefulness of food labelling. Results showed consumers usually do not read food labels due to lack of time and excessive information. Additionally, food labelling was observed to be more useful for specific consumer groups, such as, athletes, consumers with health conditions or consumers concerned with a healthy lifestyle. The results of the present study highlight the need of information campaigns by public health authorities to show the importance and advantages of reading food labels as well as the development of essential information which should be quickly and clearly seen and understood by consumers.
Thermochemical investigation of lithium borate glasses and crystals
Authors: Wu Lili , Koryttseva Anastasia , Groß Christoph B. M. , Navrotsky Alexandra
Published: January 2019

Lithium borate (LB) glasses and crystals with x = Li/(Li + B) = mole fraction of Li2O of 0.2–0.5 have been synthesized by the quenching method. The thermodynamics of these materials were analyzed by high‐temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry. The formation enthalpies from oxides of glasses range from −33.6 to −67.3 kJ/mol and those of crystals range from −42.1 to −77.4 kJ/mol, where compositions are given on the basis of one mole of (Li2O + B2O3). The formation enthalpies of both glasses and crystals become more negative with increasing Li2O mole fraction up to 0.5. The enthalpies of formation of glasses can be fit over the entire composition range (0 < x < 1) by a quadratic polynomial). The vitrification enthalpies were derived for x = 0.2 to 0.5 and ranged from 8.5 to 17.6 kJ/mol. The main factors controlling energetics are the strongly exothermic acid–base reaction between the network former (B2O3) and the network modifier (Li2O) and the formation of tetrahedrally coordinated boron in the glasses and crystals.
Cross‐Functional Influence and the Supplier Selection Decision in Competitive Environments: Who Makes the Call?
Authors: Brewer Barry , Ashenbaum Bryan , Blair Cynthia Wallin
Published: January 2019

This paper presents the results of a multiple‐case study that examines how procurement and engineering personnel share priorities, have a common vision, and influence the supplier selection decision in competitive environments of varying risk and uncertainty. We interviewed 113 procurement and engineering respondents from 26 different companies/business units across up‐, mid‐, and downstream segments of the oil and gas industry. Following a middle‐range theorizing approach, we develop a series of working propositions and theoretical frameworks, utilizing goal congruence theory to sharpen proposition development and create suggested extensions for theory. In general, we find that engineering personnel tend to dominate cross‐functional decision making in higher risk environments and that more equal arrangements exist when both risk and uncertainty are low. When competitive environment risk is low but uncertainty is high, considerable disagreement arises over which function “leads” this decision. Higher risk environments drive higher goal congruence through shared vision and consensus on who makes supplier selection decisions.
Fibroblast growth factor 16 stimulates proliferation but blocks differentiation of rat stem Leydig cells during regeneration
Authors: Duan Yue , Wang Yiyan , Li Xiaoheng , Mo Jiaying , Guo Xiaoling , Li Chao , Tu Mengyan , Ge Fei , Zheng Wenwen , Lin Jing , Ge Ren‐Shan
Published: January 2019

Objectives

We aim to investigate the effects of fibroblast growth factor 16 (FGF16) on Leydig cell regeneration in ethane dimethane sulphonate (EDS)‐treated rat testis.

Methods

We intraperitoneally inject 75 mg/kg EDS to adult male Sprague Dawley rats and then intratesticularly inject FGF16 (0, 10 and 100 ng/testis/day) from post‐EDS day 14 for 14 days. We investigate serum hormone levels, Leydig cell number, gene and protein expression in vivo. We also explore the effects of FGF16 treatment on stem Leydig cell proliferation in vitro.

Results

FGF16 lowers serum testosterone levels (21.6% of the control at a dose of 100 ng/testis) without affecting the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) on post‐EDS day 28 in vivo. FGF16 increases Leydig cell number at doses of 10 and 100 ng/mg without affecting Sertoli cell number, increases the percentage of PCNA‐positive Leydig cells, and down‐regulates the expression of Leydig cell genes (Lhcgr, Scarb1, Star, Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1 and Hsd17b3) and Sertoli cell genes (Fshr, Dhh and Sox9) and their proteins in vivo. FGF16 increases phosphorylation of AKT1 and AKT2 as well as EKR1/2 in vivo, indicating that it possibly acts via AKT1/ATK2 and ERK1/2 pathways. FGF16 also lowers medium testosterone levels and down‐regulates the expression of Leydig cell genes (Lhcgr, Scarb1, Star, Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1 and Hsd17b3) but increases EdU incorporation into stem Leydig cells in vitro.

Conclusions

These data suggest that FGF16 stimulates stem and progenitor Leydig cell proliferation but blocks their differentiation, thus lowering testosterone biosynthesis.
The protective effects of XH‐105 against radiation‐induced intestinal injury
Authors: Cheng Ying , Dong Yinping , Hou Qinlian , Wu Jing , Zhang Wei , Tian Hongqi , Li Deguan
Published: January 2019

Radiation‐induced intestinal injury is one of the major side effects in patients receiving radiation therapy. There is no specific treatment for radiation enteritis in the clinic. We designed and synthesized a new compound named XH‐105, which is expected to cleave into polyphenol and aminothiol in vivo to mitigate radiation injury. In the following study, we describe the beneficial effects of XH‐105 against radiation‐induced intestinal injury. C57BL/6J mice were treated by gavage with XH‐105 1 hour before total body irradiation (TBI), and the survival rate was monitored. Histological changes were examined, and survival of Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells Ki67+ cells, villi+ enterocytes and lysozymes was determined by immunohistochemistry. DNA damage and cellular apoptosis in intestinal tissue were also evaluated. Compared to vehicle‐treated mice after TBI, XH‐105 treatment significantly enhanced the survival rate, attenuated structural damage of the small intestine, decreased the apoptotic rate, reduced DNA damage, maintained cell regeneration and promoted crypt proliferation and differentiation. XH‐105 also reduced the expression of Bax and p53 in the small intestine. These data suggest that XH‐105 is beneficial for the protection of radiation‐induced intestinal injury by inhibiting the p53‐dependent apoptosis signalling pathway.
Editorial: Closing in on causal links between environmental exposures and human development using observational data – “confound those confounders!”
Authors: Fearon Pasco
Published: January 2019

A central goal of developmental psychopathology research is to understand the mechanisms linking environmental exposures in childhood to variations in mental health and development across the lifespan. The Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry has featured many influential studies and reviews addressing this important topic. This month's issue of the journal presents papers which address several specific environmental exposures, including prenatal factors, parenting and adverse childhood experiences, and illustrate important principles that should be used as a basis for taking the field forward.
High‐speed display‐delayed planar X‐ray inspection system for the fast detection of small fishbones
Authors: Zhong Jian , Zhang Fengping , Lu Zhiwen , Liu Yaomin , Wang Xichang
Published: January 2019

The fast detection of native hazardous material (fishbones) and foreign material contamination (metals, stones, pen caps, etc.) have limited mass production and good sale of fish fillets in aquatic product processing plant. In this work, we developed a high speed display‐delayed planar X‐ray inspection system, which could be applied to rapidly and efficiently distinguish small fishbones in fish fillets and foreign material contamination with fish fillets. It had a high resolution of short metal lines (at least 2 mm in length and 0.2 mm in diameter) and small fishbones (4 mm in length and 0.6 mm in diameter). Moreover, it could be applied to efficiently distinguish small fishbones in frozen fish fillets. The theoretical and practical basis of high speed high resolution display‐delayed X‐ray inspection system is also discussed in this work. All the results confirmed that this system was efficient, fast, and convenient for the detection of small fishbones. This work provides a useful way for fast detection of small fishbones in fish fillets in aquatic product processing plant.

Practical applications

The practical application of this article is to identify the native hazardous material (fishbones) and foreign material contamination (metals, stones, pen caps, etc.) in mass production of fish fillets in aquatic product processing plant by high‐speed display‐delayed X‐ray system. Compared with traditional finger touching and eye observing method, high‐speed display‐delayed X‐ray system can be applied to identify fishbones and foreign materials quickly and conveniently. Moreover, this system had a high resolution of small fishbones (4 mm in length and 0.6 mm in diameter), which could satisfied the international food standard of “standard for quick frozen fish fillets.” Especially, it could be applied to efficiently distinguish small fishbones in frozen fish fillets.
Expert consensus on the clinical management of pyrrolizidine alkaloid‐induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome
Authors: Zhuge Yuzheng , Liu Yulan , Xie Weifen , Zou Xiaoping , Xu Jianming , Wang Jiyao ,   Chinese Society of Gastroenterology Committee of Hepatobiliary Disease
Published: January 2019

Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) is a hepatic vascular disease presenting with abdominal distension, pain in the hepatic region, ascites, jaundice, and hepatomegaly. In China, this disease is often associated with the oral intake of plants that contain pyrrolidine alkaloids. The existing guidelines are limited to HSOS associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Western countries. The Hepatobiliary Diseases Committee of the Chinese Society of Gastroenterology convened an expert consensus conference on the diagnosis and treatment of PA–HSOS to evaluate current research in China and abroad. The “Nanjing criteria” developed by the committee to diagnose PA–HSOS include a confirmed history of PA‐containing plant use and (i) abdominal distention and/or pain in the hepatic region, hepatomegaly, and ascites; (ii) elevation of serum total bilirubin or abnormal laboratory liver tests; (iii) evidence on enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging; or (iv) pathological evidence that rules out other known causes of liver injury. Supportive symptomatic treatment, anticoagulant therapy, and placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for patients who do not respond to medical treatment are effective for the treatment of PA–HSOS. The benefits of glucocorticoids and prostaglandin E1 in PA–HSOS are not clear.
Decision Making for Older Adults With Multiple Chronic Conditions: Executive Summary for the American Geriatrics Society Guiding Principles on the Care of Older Adults With Multimorbidity
Authors: Boyd Cynthia , Smith Cynthia Daisy , Masoudi Frederick A. , Blaum Caroline S. , Dodson John A. , Green Ariel R. , Kelley Amy , Matlock Daniel , Ouellet Jennifer , Rich Michael W. , Schoenborn Nancy L. , Tinetti Mary E.
Published: January 2019

Caring for older adults with multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) is challenging. The American Geriatrics Society (AGS) previously developed The AGS Guiding Principles for the Care of Older Adults With Multimorbidity using a systematic review of the literature and consensus. The objective of the current work was to translate these principles into a framework of Actions and accompanying Action Steps for decision making for clinicians who provide both primary and specialty care to older people with MCCs. A work group of geriatricians, cardiologists, and generalists: (1) articulated the core MCC Actions and the Action Steps needed to carry out the Actions; (2) provided decisional tips and communication scripts for implementing the Actions and Action Steps, using commonly encountered situations: (3) performed a scoping review to identify evidence‐based, validated tools for carrying out the MCC Actions and Action Steps; and (4) identified potential barriers to, and mitigating factors for, implementing the MCC Actions. The recommended MCC Actions include: (1) identify and communicate patients' health priorities and health trajectory; (2) stop, start, or continue care based on health priorities, potential benefit vs harm and burden, and health trajectory; and (3) align decisions and care among patients, caregivers, and other clinicians with patients' health priorities and health trajectory. The tips and scripts for carrying out these Actions are included in the full MCC Action Framework available in the supplement (www.GeriatricsCareOnline.org). J Am Geriatr Soc 67:665–673, 2019.
Prevalence and correlations of temporomandibular disorders in Northern Jordan using diagnostic criteria axis I
Authors: Alrashdan Mohammad S. , Nuseir Amjad , AL‐Omiri Mahmoud K.
Published: January 2019

Aim

The aim of the present study was to document the prevalence and possible correlations of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in a sample of participants from Northern Jordan.

Methods

A total of 368 adult participants were consecutively selected from visitors to a major health facility in Northern Jordan and examined according to the diagnostic criteria (DC) for TMD (DC/TMD) protocol. Patients with conditions that could interfere with TMD diagnosis were excluded. Pearson correlation and analysis of variance statistical tests were applied. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05, with a 95% confidence interval.

Results

A total of 98 patients (26.7%) had 1 TMD diagnoses; 60 participants (16.3%) had a pain‐related TMD diagnosis, 48 (13%) had intra‐articular joint disorders (IAD), and 16 had both pain‐related TMD and IAD. In addition, six (1.6%) participants were found to have degenerative joint disease. Females were found to have a higher prevalence of pain‐related TMD diagnoses (r = 0.111, P = 0.034) and headache (r = 0.129, P = 0.013) than males. Clicking was positively related to both pain‐related TMD (r = 0.154, P = 0.003) and IAD (r = 0.576, P = 0.000).

Conclusion

The frequency of TMD and related features was reported in a Northern Jordanian population using DC/TMD for the first time, and the results are comparable to other populations in similar study settings.