bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences in Perceived and Experienced Stigma Between Problematic Gamblers and Non-gamblers in a General Population Survey
Authors: Andrà Chiara , Priolo Gabriele , Merlin Francesca , Chiavarino Claudia
Published: July 2021

We consider a sample of about 700 people, interviewed on the streets, who are sorted into two groups by a self-report, screening questionnaire: namely, non-problematic gamblers/non-gamblers and problematic gamblers. Within each group, we compare both social (perceived) stigma and self-perceived (experienced) stigma, measured by means of other two self-report questionnaires, and we seek for relations between stigma and socio-demographic variables that can help targeting possible interventions to reduce gambling-related stigma. We, then, compare stigma between the two groups of non-(problematic) gamblers and problematic ones, and we also check the hypothesis that higher social stigma is related to higher self-perceived stigma, as well as higher stigma is related to lesser help-seeking. The latter hypothesis is of utmost importance, given that stigma is recognised to be one of the major causes for hindering help-seeking by problematic gamblers. The research is carried out in Italy, one of the first countries in the world for the money spent per capita in gambling activity every year.
In the Region of Middle Axioms: Judicial Dialogue as Wide Reflective Equilibrium and Mid-level Principles
Authors: Moreso José Juan , Valentini Chiara
Published: July 2021

This article addresses the use of foreign law in constitutional adjudication. We draw on the ideas of wide reflective equilibrium and public reason in order to defend an engagement model of comparative adjudication. According to this model, the judicial use of foreign law is justified if it proceeds by testing and mutually adjusting the principles and rulings of our constitutional doctrines against reasonable alternatives, as represented by the principles and rulings of other reasonable doctrines. By this, a court points to a wide reflective equilibrium, justifying its own interpretations with reasonable arguments, i.e. arguments that are acceptable from the perspectives defined by other constitutional doctrines, as endorsed by other courts. The point of a judicial engagement of this sort is to work out an overlap between different, reasonable, doctrines in the judicial forum, as part of a liberal forum of public reason. Here, the exercise of public reason filters out the premises of comprehensive doctrines so as to leave us in the region of an overlapping consensus: a region of mid-level principles that can be shared, notwithstanding the fact of legal pluralism.
A type III porous-thermo-elastic problem with quasi-static microvoids
Authors: Bazarra Noelia , Castejón Alberto , Fernández José R. , Quintanilla Ramón
Published: July 2021

In this work we study, from the numerical point of view, a one-dimensional thermoelastic problem where the thermal law is of type III. Quasi-static microvoids are also assumed within the model. The variational formulation leads to a coupled linear system made of variational equations and it is written in terms of the velocity, the volume fraction and the temperature. Fully discrete approximations are introduced by using the finite element method and the backward Euler method. A discrete stability property and a priori error estimates are proved, deriving the linear convergence under adequate additional regularity. Finally, some numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the approximation and the behavior of the solution.
No-arbitrage concepts in topological vector lattices
Authors: Platen Eckhard , Tappe Stefan
Published: July 2021

We provide a general framework for no-arbitrage concepts in topological vector lattices, which covers many of the well-known no-arbitrage concepts as particular cases. The main structural condition we impose is that the outcomes of trading strategies with initial wealth zero and those with positive initial wealth have the structure of a convex cone. As one consequence of our approach, the concepts NUPBR, NAA$$_1$$1and NA$$_1$$1may fail to be equivalent in our general setting. Furthermore, we derive abstract versions of the fundamental theorem of asset pricing (FTAP), including an abstract FTAP on Banach function spaces, and investigate when the FTAP is warranted in its classical form with a separating measure. We also consider a financial market with semimartingales which does not need to have a numéraire, and derive results which show the links between the no-arbitrage concepts by only using the theory of topological vector lattices and well-known results from stochastic analysis in a sequence of short proofs.
On glasses half full or half empty: understanding framing effects in terms of default implicatures
Authors: Caamaño-Alegre María
Published: July 2021

The variations in how subjects respond to positively or negatively framed descriptions of the same issue have received attention from social science research, where, nevertheless, a naïve understanding of speech interpretation has undermined the different explanations offered. The present paper explores the semantic-pragmatic side of framing effects and provides a unifying explanation of this phenomenon in terms of a combined effect of pragmatic presuppositions and default implicatures. The paper contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of representations and cognitive processes involved in the framing bias by showing how well-entrenched linguistic practices associated to frame choice, and conducive to an implicit focus, result in default implicatures on the addressee’s side.
Making a difference in virtue epistemology
Authors: Hundertmark Fabian , Kindley Steven
Published: July 2021

Virtue Reliabilism holds that knowledge is a cognitive achievement—an epistemic success that is creditable to the cognitive abilities of the knowing subject. Beyond this consensus, there is much disagreement amongst proponents of virtue reliabilism about the conditions under which the credit-relation between an epistemic success and a person’s cognitive abilities holds. This paper aims to establish a new and attractive view of this crucial relation in terms of difference-making. We will argue that the resulting theory, Difference-Making Virtue Epistemology, can deal with cases of epistemic luck and testimonial knowledge while revealing the common core of knowledge and other achievements.
Reflexivity Without Noticing: Durand of Saint-Pourçain, Walter Chatton, Brentano
Authors: Girard Charles
Published: July 2021

According to Franz Brentano, every mental act includes a representation of itself. Hence, Brentano can be described as maintaining that: (T1) reflexivity, when it occurs, is included as a part in mental acts; and (T2) reflexivity always occurs. Brentano’s way of understanding the inclusion of reflexivity in mental acts (T1) entails double intentionality in mental acts. The aim of this paper is to show that the conjunction of (T1) and (T2) is not uncommon in the history of philosophy. To that end, the theories of two medieval thinkers, namely, Walter Chatton and Durand of Saint-Pourçain, are presented. The repeated conjunction of (T1) and (T2) paves the way for a more general distinction than that between subjectivist and objectivist theories of reflexivity, namely, one between automatic theories of reflexivity (where noticing is not required for reflexivity) and apperceptive theories of reflexivity (where noticing is required for reflexivity).
Predictive factors for refractory stage I and II anti-resorptive agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaw
Authors: Shimizu Takahiro , Kim Mai , Dam Trang Thuy , Kurihara Jun , Ogawa Masaru , Makiguchi Takaya , Yokoo Satoshi
Published: July 2021

Objectives

We aimed to predict the possibility of patients with stage I and II anti-resorptive agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ARONJ) developing resistance to our treatment protocol by evaluating their clinical and imaging factors.

Materials and methods

We enrolled 58 patients with ARONJ who underwent imaging modality. As objective variables, we considered the healing, stage-down, and stable stages as successful outcomes, and the stage-up stage as resistant-to-treatment. As explanatory variables, we investigated the clinical and imaging factors. Furthermore, we examined stage-down as an improvement outcome to compare with the stable and stage-up stages, which were considered as no-improvement outcomes. We conducted unpaired between-group comparisons on all explanatory variables using χ2 tests for independence.

Results

Among 58 patients, the treatment was successful in 53 (91.4%); however, the disease was resistant in five (8.6%). Among the clinical factors, the resistant patients had a longer duration of administration of bone-modifying agents (BMAs) (cut-off: 1251 days, p = 0.032, odds ratio = 11.2, 95% confidence interval 1.115–122.518). In addition, the target disease that was being treated bone metastasis of malignant tumor was the only significant refractory factor (p = 0.024, OR: 3.667 95% CI 1.159–11.603)

Conclusions

A combination of metabolic and morphological imaging modalities may be useful for oral surgeons to evaluate the disease activity and predict course of refractory ARONJ.
Cognition and behavior in context: a framework and theories to explain natural resource use decisions in social-ecological systems
Authors: Constantino S. M. , Schlüter M. , Weber E. U. , Wijermans N.
Published: July 2021

The complex, context-dependent, and dynamic nature of human behavior is increasingly recognized as both an important cause of sustainability problems and potential leverage for their solution. Human beings are diverse, as are the social, ecological, and institutional settings in which they are embedded. Despite this recognition and extensive knowledge about human decision-making in the behavioral sciences, empirical analysis, formal models, and decision support for sustainability policy in natural resource management often either neglect human behavior or are based on narrow and overly simplistic assumptions. Integrating insights from behavioral sciences into sustainability research and policy remains a challenge. This is in part due to the abundance and fragmentation of theories across the social sciences and in part the challenges of translating research across disciplines. We provide a set of tools to support the integration of knowledge about human behavior into empirical and model-based sustainability research. In particular, we (i) develop a process-oriented framework of embedded human cognition (Human Behavior-Cognition in Context or HuB-CC), (ii) select an initial set of 31 theories with the potential to illuminate behavior in natural resource contexts and map them onto the framework, and (iii) suggest pathways for using the framework and mapping to encourage trans-disciplinary investigations, identify and compare theories, and facilitate their integration into empirical research, formal models, and ultimately policy and governance for sustainability. Our theory selection, framework, and mapping offer a foundation—a “living” platform—upon which future collaborative efforts can build to create a resource for scholars and practitioners working at the intersection of social sciences and natural resource management.
Knowing Falsely: the Non-factive Project
Authors: Bricker Adam Michael
Published: July 2021

Quite likely the most sacrosanct principle in epistemology, it is near-universally accepted that knowledge is factive: knowing that p entails p. Recently, however, Bricker, Buckwalter, and Turri have all argued that we can and often do know approximations that are strictly speaking false. My goal with this paper is to advance this nascent non-factive project in two key ways. First, I provide a critical review of these recent arguments against the factivity of knowledge, allowing us to observe that elements of these arguments mutually reinforce respective weaknesses, thereby offering the non-factive project a much stronger foundation than when these arguments were isolated. Next, I argue tentatively in favor of Bricker’s truthlikeness framework over the representational adequacy account favored by Buckwalter and Turri. Taken together, while none of this constitutes a knock-down argument against factivity, it does allow us to quiet some of the more immediate worries surrounding the non-factive project.
Perceptions of Sexual Healthcare Provision in Tanzania: a Key Informant Qualitative Study
Authors: Mgopa Lucy R. , Ross Michael W. , Lukumay Gift Gadiel , Mushy Stella Emmanuel , Mkony Ever , Massae Agnes F. , Mwakawanga Dorkas L. , Leshabari Sebalda , Mohamed Inari , Trent Maria , Wadley James , Bonilla Zobeida E. , Rosser B. R. Simon
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Sexual health care services must be standard and unbiased, guided by a structured health care system. There is a scarcity of data on how sexual health care is delivered in Tanzania.

Methods

To address this gap, in July 2019 we interviewed eleven key informants: cultural and public health experts, and political, religious, and community leaders, selected from different organizations in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Participants were asked for their opinions about clinical practices of health care professionals when providing care to patients, with an emphasis on sexual health.

Results

Participants’ responses were classified into three subcategories: strengths, barriers, and gaps in sexual health care. Availability of services, service delivery to adults, and code of conduct were among the strengths observed in clinical care services. Barriers included the health care provider’s attitudes, moral values, and inadequacy in health policies and treatment guidelines. Vulnerable populations including youth were frequently reported to face most challenges when seeking sexual health care services. In terms of gaps, informants emphasized gender equity in sexual health services provision within care settings.

Conclusion and Implication

Data indicate that lack of training in sexual health and guidelines for dealing with sexual issues are a barrier to comprehensive health care. These findings can inform the main areas for curriculum developers to focus on, when developing an Afro-centric sexual health curriculum suitable for students in health care professional courses. Moreover, these findings can be useful when developing treatment guidelines and policies that are beneficial to the sexual health wellbeing of individuals.
Embedding eddy current sensors into LPBF components for structural health monitoring
Authors: Stoll Philipp , Gasparin Enrico , Spierings Adriaan , Wegener Konrad
Published: July 2021

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) facilitates the integration of external elements like sensors into workpieces during manufacturing. These embedded components enable e.g. part monitoring, thus being a fundamental application of industry 4.0. This study assesses the feasibility of embedding eddy current (EC) sensors for non-destructive testing (NDT) into SLM components aiming at structural health monitoring (SHM). A reliable embedding process for EC sensors is developed, ensuring the survivability of the sensors for the LPBF process and its harsh conditions. The experiments conducted demonstrate the possibility to use the embedded EC sensor to observe and detect a controlled crack growth. The cracks are realized either with direct EDM cutting or on the course of a fatigue test of CT specimens. The data retrieved by the embedded EC sensors are proven to provide a direct information about the severity of a damage and its evolution over time for both approaches. Thus, supporting the validation of such an innovative and promising SHM concept.
ECMO Therapy in Acute Chest Syndrome for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: a Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Avgeridou Soi , Djordjevic Ilija , Sabashnikov Anton , Eghbalzadeh Kaveh , Suhr Laura , Ivanov Borko , Merkle Julia , Rustenbach Christian , Mader Navid , Kröner Axel , Wahlers Thorsten
Published: July 2021

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) plays an important role as a life-saving tool for patients with therapy-refractory cardio-respiratory failure. Especially, for rare and infrequent indications, scientific data is scarce. The conducted paper focuses primarily on our institutional experience with a 19-year-old patient suffering an acute chest syndrome, a pathognomonic pulmonary condition presented by patients with sickle cell disease. After implementation of awake ECMO therapy, the patient was successfully weaned off support and discharged home 22 days after initiation of the extracorporeal circulation. In addition to limited data and current literature, further and larger data sets are necessary to determine the outcome after ECMO therapy for this rare indication.
REVA as A Well-Curated Database for Human Expression-Modulating Variants
Authors: Wang Yu , Shi Fang-Yuan , Liang Yu , Gao Ge
Published: July 2021

More than 90% of disease- and trait-associated human variants are noncoding. By systematically screening multiple large-scale studies, we compiled REVA, a manually curated database for over 11.8 million experimentally tested noncoding variants with expression-modulating potentials. We provided 2424 functional annotations that could be used to pinpoint the plausible regulatory mechanism of these variants. We further benchmarked multiple state-of-the-art computational tools and found that their limited sensitivity remains a serious challenge for effective large-scale analysis. REVA provides high-quality experimentally tested expression-modulating variants with extensive functional annotations, which will be useful for users in the noncoding variant community. REVA is freely available at http://reva.gao-lab.org.
Significance of Northern Andes Terrane Extrusion and Genesis of the Interandean Valley: Paleomagnetic Evidence From the “Ecuadorian Orocline”
Authors: Siravo Gaia , Speranza Fabio , Mulas Maurizio , Costanzo‐Alvarez Vincenzo
Published: July 2021

GPS data suggest that the NW South America corner forms a semi‐rigid block drifting NE‐ward along the regional dextral strike‐slip faults that bound an oceanic terrane accreted in Late Cretaceous times to W Ecuador and Colombia. However, the relevance of both strike‐slip versus thrust tectonics during Cenozoic times and their relation with oceanic terrane accretion are unclear. Here we report on the paleomagnetism of 31 mid‐upper Eocene to upper Miocene mainly volcanic sites from the Cordilleras Occidental and Real of southern Ecuador. Eleven sites show that the western Cordillera Occidental underwent a 24° ± 10° clockwise (CW) rotation with respect to South America after late Miocene times, while no rotation occurred further east. We relate the regional CW rotation to the emplacement of the Cordillera Occidental nappe onto the continental sediments of the Interandean Valley, blanketing the Cordillera's eastern margin. As rotation and continental sedimentation onset ages are similar, we interpret such tectonic depression as a narrow flexural basin formed ahead of the advancing nappe front. The 20°–30° CW Neogene rotation of the Cordillera Occidental is indistinguishable from the post‐Cretaceous rotation of the Coastal forearc oceanic blocks, implying that the whole W Ecuador Andean chain was detached and rotated over a mid‐crustal detachment during the last 10 Ma. Eocene‐Miocene paleomagnetic inclination values are systematically consistent with those expected for South America, thus excluding latitudinal terrane drift. We suggest that the Andes of Ecuador and Peru form the “Ecuadorian Orocline”, formed by opposing orogenic rotations around the Amazonian craton indenter.
Thermal Structure of Eastern Australia's Upper Mantle and Its Relationship to Cenozoic Volcanic Activity and Dynamic Topography
Authors: Ball P. W. , Czarnota K. , White N. J. , Klöcking M. , Davies D. R.
Published: July 2021

Spatio‐temporal changes of upper mantle structure play a significant role in generating and maintaining surface topography. Although geophysical models of upper mantle structure have become increasingly refined, there is a paucity of geologic constraints with respect to its present‐day state and temporal evolution. Cenozoic intraplate volcanic rocks that crop out across eastern Australia provide a significant opportunity to quantify mantle conditions at the time of emplacement and to independently validate geophysical estimates. This volcanic activity is divided into two categories: age‐progressive provinces that are generated by the sub‐plate passage of mantle plumes and age‐independent provinces that could be generated by convective upwelling at lithospheric steps. In this study, we acquired and analyzed 78 samples from both types of provinces across Queensland. These samples were incorporated into a comprehensive database of Australian Cenozoic volcanism assembled from legacy analyses. We use geochemical modeling techniques to estimate mantle temperature and lithospheric thickness beneath each province. Our results suggest that melting occurred at depths ≤80 km across eastern Australia. Prior to, or coincident with, onset of volcanism, lithospheric thinning as well as dynamic support from shallow convective processes could have triggered uplift of the Eastern Highlands. Mantle temperatures are inferred to be ∼50–100°C hotter beneath age‐progressive provinces that demarcate passage of the Cosgrove mantle plume than beneath age‐independent provinces. Even though this plume initiated as one of the hottest recorded during Cenozoic times, it appears to have thermally waned with time. These results are consistent with xenolith thermobarometric and geophysical studies.
Conjugate Fault Deformation Revealed by Aftershocks of the 2013 Mw6.6 Lushan Earthquake and Seismic Anisotropy Tomography
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhang Haijiang , Kendall John Michael , Wookey James
Published: July 2021

Seismic anisotropy is sensitive to the alignment of minerals, fluid‐filled cracks, and fractures caused by fault deformation, thus providing a signature of fault deformation, especially in the aseismic layer. In this study, we use seismic traveltime anisotropy tomography to study the spatial distribution of azimuthal anisotropy in the region of the 2013 Mw 6.6 Lushan earthquake. Our analysis reveals both stress‐induced and structure‐controlled seismic anisotropy mechanisms. The distribution of seismicity and anisotropy clearly delineates conjugate faults in the seismogenic zone between depths of 8 and 15 km. Two near‐vertical stripes or zones of strong seismic anisotropy reveal the continuation of these faults into the diagenetic or overlying aseismic crust. The anisotropic corridors associated with the conjugate faults are interpreted in terms of the crystal preferred orientation of fault rock minerals, which may be enhanced by shear‐band compaction. Our results demonstrate how seismic anisotropy can provide new insights into fault deformation.
Is the Diameter of Herschel Crater, Mimas, an Outlier? A Mathematical Framework for Analyzing Planetary Feature Size‐Frequency Distribution Anomalies
Authors: Robbins Stuart J. , Riggs Jamie D. , Parker Alex H.
Published: July 2021

Many features on planetary bodies follow a distinct size‐frequency distribution (SFD), and there are practically always outliers. In impact crater studies, that SFD can be approximated with a power‐law, and the nature of power‐laws is there are often lone, singular largest features. An open question is whether these largest features are truly anomalous, or whether they emerge as a statistical feature of a large number of finite samples drawn from stochastic probability distributions, with significant implications for the population that formed them. Here, this question is explored by testing Mimas' largest crater, Herschel. The framework developed answers the question with two main tests, and both show Herschel is not an outlier. This is applied to other planetary bodies, where the null hypothesis is still not rejected. The framework developed is agnostic toward the probability distribution used and can be applied to many other features in planetary science.
Four‐Dimensional Wind Fields From Geostationary Hyperspectral Infrared Sounder Radiance Measurements With High Temporal Resolution
Authors: Ma Zheng , Li Jun , Han Wei , Li Zhenglong , Zeng Qingcun , Menzel W. Paul , Schmit Timothy J. , Di Di , Liu Chian‐Yi
Published: July 2021

Four‐dimensional (4D) wind fields were derived from radiance measurements of the Geosynchronous Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) onboard the FengYun‐4A satellite with 15‐min temporal resolution during Typhoon Maria (2018). Results are evaluated with independent ERA5 reanalysis, Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) analysis and dropsonde wind profiles, and show a statistical root mean squared error less than 2 m/s for U and V components in troposphere against ERA5 and GDAS. The temporal variation of the wind fields from GIIRS at 15‐min intervals is consistent with that of the hourly ERA5. The added value of wind profiles over the numerical weather predictions (NWP) background field is also revealed. Further experiments confirm that higher temporal resolution from geostationary infrared (IR) sounder measurements could provide better dynamic information. 4D dynamic information can be extracted from high temporal resolution geostationary hyperspectral IR radiances in a consistent and continuous manner that can be used together with the thermodynamic information for various quantitative applications such as NWP data assimilation, near real‐time weather monitoring, situational awareness and nowcasting.
High‐Altitude and Cold Habitat for the Early Cretaceous Feathered Dinosaurs at Sihetun, Western Liaoning, China
Authors: Zhang Laiming , Yin Yitian , Wang Chengshan
Published: July 2021

During the Early Cretaceous, significant tectonic regime transformation occurred in East China. Meanwhile, the Jehol Biota, which contains world‐famous feathered dinosaurs, flourished. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the influence of tectonic regime transformation on regional topography and climates and the possible climatic causes of the unique characteristics of these dinosaurs. Here, we address these issues by applying clumped isotope paleothermometry to Early Cretaceous carbonates in NE China. In the Sihetun area, the mean annual paleotemperature derived from paleosol carbonates was 5.9 ± 1.7°C, and the paleoelevation was 2.8–4.1 km during the Early Cretaceous. The topographic evolution was closely related to the subduction of the paleo‐Pacific plate beneath East Asia during this period. Our results suggest a high altitude and cold habitat with frozen winters for the Jehol Biota in the Sihetun area, which implies possible climate‐Keywords:influenced evolution of the feathered characteristic of the dinosaurs.
Tracing Water Masses and Assessing Boundary Scavenging Intensity With Beryllium Isotopes in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Kong W. Y. , Zhou L. P.
Published: July 2021

The cosmogenic radionuclide 10Be and its stable isotope 9Be can be used as a tracer for water mass mixing, but such applications are rare in both open oceans and marginal seas. Here we report distributions of dissolved 9Be and 10Be concentrations of the seawater in the surface and water columns along a section from shelf to deep basin in the northern South China Sea (SCS). The concentrations of 9Be and 10Be in surface waters range between 8.8–43.6 pmol/kg and 118–576 atoms/g, respectively. The 9Be in the northern SCS is dominantly sourced from river waters, while 10Be has a prominent input from the western Pacific, resulting in the highest 10Be/9Be ratio of 10.9 × 10−8 closest to the Luzon Strait. Along the depth section, the 9Be concentrations decrease southward while 10Be concentrations increase with the maximum value of 1,237 atoms/g occurring at 2,843 m depth of Station A10. The 10Be/9Be ratios are interpreted with consideration of water mixing and boundary scavenging, which reveal evidence of a branch of the intruding Kuroshio Current (>7.7 × 10−8) in subsurface water and a deep cyclonic current (>8.9 × 10−8). A box model yields a sedimentation flux of 10Be around 1,167 atoms/m2/s, that is, 4.6 times of the atmospheric deposition flux, pointing to active boundary scavenging of 10Be. The residence time of 10Be in the deep water is estimated to be longer than 79 years in the northern SCS. The beryllium isotopes as a water mass tracer will find wide applications in basins where the endmembers are sufficiently differentiated.
Revealing the Impact of Global Heating on North Atlantic Circulation Using Transparent Machine Learning
Authors: Sonnewald Maike , Lguensat Redouane
Published: July 2021

The North Atlantic ocean is key to climate through its role in heat transport and storage. Climate models suggest that the circulation is weakening but the physical drivers of this change are poorly constrained. Here, the root mechanisms are revealed with the explicitly transparent machine learning (ML) method Tracking global Heating with Ocean Regimes (THOR). Addressing the fundamental question of the existence of dynamical coherent regions, THOR identifies these and their link to distinct currents and mechanisms such as the formation regions of deep water masses, and the location of the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Current. Beyond a black box approach, THOR is engineered to elucidate its source of predictive skill rooted in physical understanding. A labeled data set is engineered using an explicitly interpretable equation transform and k‐means application to model data, allowing theoretical inference. A multilayer perceptron is then trained, explaining its skill using a combination of layerwise relevance propagation and theory. With abrupt CO2 quadrupling, the circulation weakens due to a shift in deep water formation regions, a northward shift of the Gulf Stream and an eastward shift in the North Atlantic Current. If CO2 is increased 1% yearly, similar but weaker patterns emerge influenced by natural variability. THOR is scalable and applicable to a range of models using only the ocean depth, dynamic sea level and wind stress, and could accelerate the analysis and dissemination of climate model data. THOR constitutes a step toward trustworthy ML called for within oceanography and beyond, as its predictions are physically tractable.
A novel long non-coding RNA AC073352.1 promotes metastasis and angiogenesis via interacting with YBX1 in breast cancer
Authors: Kong Xue , Li Juan , Li Yanru , Duan Weili , Qi Qiuchen , Wang Tiantian , Yang Qifeng , Du Lutao , Mao Haiting , Wang Chuanxin
Published: July 2021

Breast cancer is the major cause of cancer death worldwide in women. Patients with metastasis have poor prognosis and the mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis are not completely understood. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to have crucial roles in breast cancer development and progression. However, the underlying mechanisms by which lncRNA-driven breast cancer metastasis are unknown. The main objective of this paper is to explore a functional lncRNA and its mechanisms in breast cancer. Here we identified a novel lncRNA AC073352.1 that was significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues and was associated with advanced TNM stages and poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. In addition, AC073352.1 was found to promote the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro and enhance breast cancer metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, we elucidated that AC073352.1 interacted with YBX1 and stabilized its protein expression. Knock down of YBX1 reduced breast cancer cell migration and invasion and could partially reverse the stimulative effects of AC073352.1 overexpressed on breast cancer metastasis. Moreover, AC073352.1 might be packaged into exosomes by binding to YBX1 in breast cancer cells resulting in angiogenesis. Collectively, our results demonstrated that AC073352.1 promoted breast cancer metastasis and angiogenesis via binding YBX1, and it could serve as a promising, novel biomarker for prognosis and a therapeutic target in breast cancer.
Rhodium catalysts with cofactor mimics for the biomimetic reduction of CN bonds
Authors: Tang Jie , Dong Wenjin , Chen Fushan , Deng Li , Xian Mo
Published: July 2021

Bio-inspired reduction of CN bonds was successfully performed using rhodium catalysts containing cofactor mimics. The intramolecular cooperation between rhodium and cofactor mimics enabled the transformation with good selectivity. A plausible mechanism was also proposed.
Efficient upconversion emission and high-sensitivity thermometry of BaIn2O4:Yb3+/Tm3+/RE3+ (RE = Er3+, Ho3+) phosphor
Authors: Liu Hang , Liu Mingtai , Wang Kailin , Wang Bo , Jian Xiukai , Bai Guangyao , Zhang Yuhong
Published: July 2021

The absolute sensitivity for temperature sensing reaches a maximum value of 0.1433 K−1 at 473 K for BaIn2O4:Yb3+/Tm3+/Er3+ materials.
Pt3Sn nanoparticles enriched with SnO2/Pt3Sn interfaces for highly efficient alcohol electrooxidation
Authors: Wang Zichen , Wang Liang , Zhu Wangbin , Zeng Tang , Wu Wei , Lei Zhao , Tan Yangyang , Lv Haifeng , Cheng Niancai
Published: July 2021

Pt3Sn nanoparticles enriched with Pt3Sn/SnO2 interfaces (Pt3Sn@u-SnO2/NG) were synthesized via thermal treatment of Pt2Sn NPs. Pt3Sn@u-SnO2/NG catalysts show high activity and excellent long-term stability for the ethanol oxidation reaction and methanol oxidation reaction.
Multi‐actuator control with modal switching and different disturbance for scanning imaging motion compensation
Authors: Gao Yang , Xu Rui , Wang Yutang , Tian Dapeng
Published: July 2021

Scanning imaging can be used to obtain wide field‐of‐view, high‐resolution remote‐sensing images with a telescope lens. However, the motion between the image and the sensor causes blurring during scanning, which reduces the image quality. In this paper, a motion compensation method based on multi‐actuator control with modal switching is proposed. In this method, the tracking controller realizes scanning and compensation; the cooperative controller reduces the relative motion that causes motion blur, and modal switching solves the travel limitation of the linear actuator. Further, to improve the control performance, an adaptive sliding mode controller is proposed and combined with a disturbance observer. The stability theorems for multi‐actuator and modal switching are studied. Experimental results show that the accuracy, robustness, and frame rate of the proposed method improved compared with those of traditional methods. Compared with the non‐cooperative structure using a PD controller, the root mean square error is reduced by .
Detection of material on a tray in automatic assembly line based on convolutional neural network
Authors: Hu Dunli , Zhang Yuting , Xufeng Li , Zhang Xiaoping
Published: July 2021

In the process of detecting materials inside a tray in an automated production line, it is necessary to detect not only the known materials and blank space in the designated area, but also the unknown materials misplaced inside the tray. However, the supervised detection algorithm based on deep learning can only detect the known and blank material areas. Therefore, this paper proposed a phased material detection. The first stage is to detect the tray and then identify the material area in the second stage. In order to improve the tray detection accuracy during the first stage under the condition of a high intersection ratio, an improved YOLOv5s tray detection method is proposed. The structure of YOLOv5s is improved using the SENet. This paper proposes to use the rich geometric information of the shallow network and the high‐level semantic information to integrate the bypass features. MAP@0.5:0.95 of the improved model increased from 95.7% to 96.6% and MAP@0.95 from 78.5% to 90.8%. The challenge of detecting unknown wrong materials on a tray can be resolved through the recognition of material area segmentation images processed by using the improved pre‐detection algorithm, together with the relative position reference between the material area and the tray. The experimental results showed that the improved method proposed meets the industrial detection requirements with an overall recognition accuracy of 91% within a 250 ms detection interval.
Reforming mixed operation schedule for electric buses and traditional fuel buses by an optimal framework
Authors: Duan Mengyuan , Qi Geqi , Guan Wei , Lu Chaoru , Gong Congcong
Published: July 2021

Bus scheduling plays a significant role in public transportation and supports the sustainable development of transportation systems. Challenges are beginning to appear with the newly emerging electric buses (EBs), as scheduling changes due to fleet composition make traditional fixed timetables no longer able to satisfy operational needs. Moreover, the fixed‐trip time hypothesis has been inappropriate for large cities due to the variety of urban traffic statuses. This paper proposes an optimal framework for reforming the mixed operation schedule for electric buses and traditional fuel buses under stochastic trip times. Based on the primary grouping genetic algorithm (GGA), a straightforward framework with a Monte Carlo simulation is presented to optimize the scheduling scheme. Case studies based on the operating environment and service trips of real bus lines in Beijing are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model by considering both the composition of fleet types and time stochasticity. Additionally, the impacts of stochasticity, fleet composition, government subsidies and cost factors on operational costs are investigated. Considering stochastic trip times, the achieved scheduling strategies can provide the optimal proportion of electric and traditional fuel buses and make a crucial impact on operational costs.
Anthracene-Based Zwitterion with a Small HOMO–LUMO Energy Gap
Authors: Shimizu Akihiro , Shintani Ryo , Kayama Ayane
Published: July 2021

We have designed and synthesized an anthracene-based zwitterion, 2-methyl-2-azoniaanthracene-7-olate. The zwitterion shows amphoteric redox properties and low-energy-light absorption originating from the small HOMO–LUMO energy gap of ca. 1.7 eV. DFT calculations show that the combination of replacing the C–H with N+–Me and introducing O− is necessary to alter the electronic structure and properties of anthracene significantly.
Prothrombin Complex Concentrate Utilization in Children's Hospitals
Authors: Lutmer Jeffrey E. , Mpody Christian , Sribnick Eric A. , Karube Takaharu , Tobias Joseph D.
Published: July 2021

Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) are used to manage bleeding in critically ill children. We performed a repeat cross-sectional study using the Pediatric Health Information System registry to describe PCC utilization in the U.S. children's hospitals over time and determine the relationship between PCC use and specific risk factors for bleeding. We included children < 18 years who received three-factor or four-factor PCC during hospital admission between January 2015 and December 2020 to describe the association between PCC therapy, anticoagulation therapies, and inherited or acquired bleeding diatheses. PCC use steadily increased over the 6-year study period (from 1.3 to 4.6 per 10,000 encounters). Patients exhibited a high degree of critical illness, with 85.0% requiring intensive care unit admission and a mortality rate of 25.8%. PCCs were used in a primarily emergent or urgent fashion (32.6 and 39.3%, respectively) and more frequently in surgical cases (79.0% surgical vs. 21.0% medical). Coding analysis suggested a low rate of chronic anticoagulant use which was supported by review of concomitant anticoagulant medications. PCC use is increasing in critically ill children and does not correlate with specific anticoagulant therapy use or other bleeding risk factors. These findings suggest PCC use is not limited to vitamin K antagonist reversal. Indications, efficacy, and safety of PCC therapy in children require further study.
From preference to landscape sustainability: a bibliometric review of landscape preference research from 1968 to 2019
Authors: Yang Gaoyuan , Yu Zhaowu , Zhang Jinguang , Søderkvist Kristensen Lone
Published: July 2021

Landscape preference (LP) studies highlight one of the most important issues of human-environment relationship, and their related publications have increased rapidly over the last two decades. However, there is no systematic review with a holistic understanding of this field.   here we applied a bibliometric approach to examine the evolution of LP research and identify its status and future prospects. We obtained 7,637 LP research publications from Web of Science core collection from 1968 to 2019 and analyzed the characteristics of publication outputs as well as performances in various countries and institutions. Besides, content keywords analysis was conducted to discover the drivers, focus, motivation, and trends of LP research. We found that 1) publications, subject categories, and active journals increased rapidly since the 2000s ; 2) the USA, England, and Australia are the leading countries in LP research, while China is starting to have some influence; 3) LP research is most closely linked to ecological and environmental studies, being developed by objective drivers, i.e., interactions with landscape change, and subjective motivations ; and 4) LP research is advancing the landscape sustainability science, integrating natural and social science together through ecosystem services. By comprehensively reviewing the evolution and prospect of LP research, we provide insights for further research in this field.
Consequences of above-ground invasion by non-native plants into restored vernal pools do not prompt same changes in below-ground processes
Authors: Churchill Amber C , Faist Akasha M
Published: July 2021

Given the frequent overlap between biological plant invasion and ecological restoration efforts it is important to investigate their interactions to sustain desirable plant communities and modify long-term legacies both above- and below-ground. To address this relationship, we used natural reference, invaded and created vernal pools in the Central Valley of California to examine potential changes in direct and indirect plant effects on soils associated with biological invasion and active restoration ecosystem disturbances. Our results showed that through a shift in vegetation composition and changes in the plant community tissue chemistry, invasion by non-native plant species has the potential to transform plant inputs to soils in vernal pool systems. In particular, we found that while invasive plant litter decomposition was driven by seasonal and interannual variability, associated with changes in precipitation, the overall decomposition rates for invasive litter was drastically lower than native species. This shift has important implications for long-term alterations in plant-based inputs to soils in an amplifying feedback to nutrient cycling. Moreover, these results were independent of historic active restoration efforts. Despite the consistent shift in plant litter decomposition rates and community composition, we did not detect associated shifts in below-ground function associated with invasion by non-native plants. Instead, soil C:N ratios and microbial biomass did not differ between invaded and naturally occurring reference pools but were reduced in the manipulated created pools independent of invasion levels. Our results suggest that while there is an observed invasive amplifying feedback above-ground this trajectory is not represented below-ground, and restoration legacies dominated 10 years after practices were applied. Restoration practices that limit invasive plant feedbacks and account for soil legacy recovery, therefore offer the best solution for disturbed ephemeral ecosystems.
Quantification of fluoroscopic fundoplication anatomy: inter- and intraobserver reliability
Authors: Gan Siang Wei , Lee Natalie , Tan Siao En , Edwards Suzanne M , Kiroff George K , Myers Jennifer C
Published: July 2021

The etiology of postfundoplication dysphagia remains incompletely understood. Subtle changes of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) anatomy may be contributory. Barium swallows have potential for standardization to evaluate postsurgical anatomical features. Using structured barium swallows, we aim to identify reproducible, objectively measured postfundoplication anatomical features that will permit future comparison between patients with/without dysphagia. At 6–12 months of postfundoplication, 31 patients underwent structured barium swallow with video–fluoroscopy recording: standing anteroposterior; standing oblique (×2); prone oblique (×2); and prone oblique with continuous free drinking. A primary observer recorded 11 variables of GEJ anatomy for each view, repeated 3 months later, forming two datasets to assess intraobserver consistency. Interobserver reliability was determined using a dataset each from the primary observer and two medical students (after training). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were based on two-way mixed-effects model (ICC agreement: 0.40–0.59 ‘fair’; 0.60–0.74 ‘good’; 0.75–1.00 ‘excellent’). Interobserver reliability was good–excellent for 47 of 66 measurements. Measures of maximal esophageal diameter cf. wrap opening diameter and posterior esophageal angle showed high interobserver reproducibility on all views (ICC range 0.84–0.91; 0.68–0.80, respectively). Interobserver agreement was good–excellent for 5/6 views when measuring anterior GEJ displacement and axis deviation (ICC range 0.56–0.79; 0.41–0.77, respectively). Measures of wrap length showed lower reproducibility. Prone oblique measurements showed highest reproducibility (good–excellent agreement in 19/22 measurements). Intraobserver consistency was excellent for 98% of measurements (ICC range 0.74–0.99). Objective measurements of postfundoplication GEJ anatomy using structured barium swallow are reproducible and may allow further interrogation of anatomical features contributing to postfundoplication dysphagia.
Genome-wide association study identifies 18 novel loci associated with left atrial volume and function
Authors: Ahlberg Gustav , Andreasen Laura , Ghouse Jonas , Bertelsen Litten , Bundgaard Henning , Haunsø Stig , Svendsen Jesper H , Olesen Morten S
Published: July 2021

Aims 

Left atrial (LA) volume and function impose significant impact on cardiovascular pathogenesis if compromised. We aimed at investigating the genetic architecture of LA volume and function using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging data.

Methods and results 

We used the UK Biobank, which is a large prospective population study with available phenotypic and genetic data. On a subset of 35 658 European individuals, we performed genome-wide association studies on five volumetric and functional LA variables, generated using a machine learning algorithm. In total, we identified 18 novel genetic loci, mapped to genes with known roles in cardiomyopathy (e.g. MYO18B, TTN, DSP, ANKRD1) and arrhythmia (e.g. TTN, CASQ2, MYO18B, C9orf3). We observed high genetic correlation between LA volume and function and stroke, which was most pronounced for LA passive emptying fraction (rg = 0.40, P = 4 × 10−6). To investigate whether the genetic risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with LA traits that precede overt AF, we produced a polygenetic risk score for AF. We found that polygenetic risk for AF is associated with increased LA volume and decreased LA function in participants without AF [LAmax 0.25 (mL/m2)/standard deviation (SD), 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.15; 0.36), P = 5.13 × 10−6; LAmin 0.21 (mL/m2)/SD, 95% CI (0.15; 0.28), P = 1.86 × 10−10; LA active emptying fraction −0.35%/SD, 95% CI (−0.43; −0.26), P = 3.14 × 10−14].

Conclusion 

We report on 18 genetic loci associated with LA volume and function and show evidence for several plausible candidate genes important for LA structure.