bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of Recycled Asphalt Mixtures Containing Construction and Demolition Waste Applicated as Pavement Base
Authors: Ding Le , Zhang Junhui , Feng Bowen , Li Cheng
Published: July 2020

Construction and demolition waste contain large amount of concrete and bricks. To identify its feasibility of applying in asphalt stabilized gravel mixtures as pavement base, this paper carried out researches on properties of recycled asphalt mixture (RAM) by laboratory testing, under different contents of recycled aggregates (RA) and proportions of bricks to concrete. First, the basic physical properties of each component of the RAM were determined. According to the actual screening passing rate, the Bailey method was used to design and verify the grading of RAM, and then initial asphalt content was estimated. The stability, flow value, voidage, and bulk density were obtained by Marshall Test, and the optimal asphalt‐aggregate ratios were determined under different RA contents and proportion of bricks to concrete. Subsequently, the uniaxial compression test, splitting tensile test, immersion Marshall test, freeze‐thaw splitting test, and Hamburg rutting test were performed to investigate mechanical properties, water stability, and high‐temperature stability of RAM. The results shows that as the content of RA increases from 0% to 100%, the corresponding compressive strength, resilient modulus, and splitting tensile strength all decrease; the same change trend is presented in the residual stability and freeze‐thaw splitting test strength ratio and rutting depth. According to the requirement of pavement base of high‐grade roads in China’s standards, the recommended RA content and proportion of bricks to concrete were proposed for the design RAM.
Barriers in Access to Dental Services Hindering the Treatment of People with Disabilities: A Systematic Review
Authors: da Rosa Saulo V. , Moysés Samuel J. , Theis Laís C. , Soares Renata C. , Moysés Simone T. , Werneck Renata I. , Rocha Juliana S.
Published: July 2020

Background. People with disabilities tend to have greater oral health problems compared to those without disabilities. This may be due to barriers they come across in accessing dental services.Objectives. The objective of this systematic review was to provide a critical digest of the scientific literature concerning barriers and facilitators of access to oral health services for people with disabilities.Methods. The electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), and Brazilian Library of Dentistry (BBO) were searched using keywords relevant to the subject. The search was not restricted to specific languages or years of publication; all relevant studies were translated and reviewed.Results. Sixteen studies including 14 articles, a doctoral thesis, and a monograph were selected, and their quality was analysed using the Downs and Black assessment tool. Barriers to dental services were divided into physical or nonphysical based on the dentist’s perspective, as per the perception of parents/guardians or by the persons with disabilities. The barriers that emerged included the dentist’s lack of preparation to assist people with disabilities, structural problems of access to dental offices, communication difficulties, and lack of awareness regarding the need for dental treatment for the disabled person.Conclusion. It is concluded that people with disabilities continue to run into complex physical, behavioural, or multidimensional barriers in accessing dental services. Improved training of dentists for the care of this population is hereby emphasized. The legal framework enabling access to dental care for people with disabilities must also be respected in each country.
Attainability to Solve Fractional Differential Inclusion on the Half Line at Resonance
Authors: Salem Ahmed , Alzahrani Faris , Al-Dosari Aeshah
Published: July 2020

The presented article is deduced about the positive solutions of the fractional differential inclusion at resonance on the half line. The fractional derivative used is in the sense of Riemann–Liouville and the problem is supplemented by unseparated conditions. The existence results are illustrated in view of Leggett–Williams theorem due to O’Regan and Zima on unbounded domain.
Direct Comparison of Pneumatic and Ho:YAG Laser Lithotripsy in the Management of Lower Ureteric Stones
Authors: Rashid Aso Omer , Attar Aree , Mohammed Karmand Sedeeq , Fakhralddin Saman Salih , Abdulla Lana Nawzad , Buchholz Noor
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Besides extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, semi-rigid ureteroscopy (URS) has become an equal therapy of choice for the treatment of most distal ureteric stones. Before the wide availability of laser lithotripsy as a tool for stone fragmentation, pneumatic lithotripsy was, and still is, widely used. In a country like Iraq, availability and affordability are the huge questions asked. Besides the capital investment for a laser machine, the pneumatic device is reusable, whereas the laser fibers are limited in their reusability. This makes pneumatic lithotripsy a more cost-effective option, at least in our setting. The question remains whether both options, compared in our setting with our limited resources, are equally effective and beneficial to our patients. Patients and Methods: Fifty patients were included in our prospective study who underwent URS for the treatment of a distal ureteric stone. Half each (n = 25) underwent pneumatic (group A) or laser lithotripsy (group B). Inclusion criteria were a single distal ureteric stone measuring 7–20 mm in largest diameter, no anatomical abnormality, age >18 years, and an unsuccessful attempt of medical expulsion therapy. Patients with signs of urinary infection and pregnant women were excluded. All patients were operated upon under spinal anesthesia. Data recorded included operation time, stone size, type of scope and lithotripter, complications, hospital stay, and stone-free rate. Results: Both groups did not show statistically significant differences in patient demography, stone size, operation time, complications, and stone-free rates (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Both pneumatic and Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy are equally effective and safe in treating distal ureteric stones in our setting. If the cost and availability of laser treatment is an issue, pneumatic lithotripsy is a viable and more cost-effective option.
The Burden and Trends of Primary Liver Cancer Caused by Specific Etiologies from 1990 to 2017 at the Global, Regional, National, Age, and Sex Level Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Authors: Lin Longfei , Yan Lei , Liu Yuling , Qu Changhai , Ni Jian , Li Hui
Published: July 2020

Background: Liver cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The primary causes of liver cancer include hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), alcohol consumption, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and other factors. Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the global and sex-, age-, region-, country-, and etiology-related liver cancer burden, as well as the trends in liver cancer caused by different etiologies. Methods: The causes of liver cancer from 1990 to 2017, including global, regional, and national liver cancer incidence, mortality, and etiology, were collected from the Global Burden of Disease study 2017, and the time-dependent change in the trends of liver cancer burden was evaluated by annual percentage change. Results: The global liver cancer incidence and mortality have been increasing. There were 950,000 newly-diagnosed liver cancer cases and over 800,000 deaths in 2017, which is more than twice the numbers recorded in 1990. HBV and HCV are the major causes of liver cancer. HBV is the major risk factor of liver cancer in Asia, while HCV and alcohol abuse are the major risk factors in the high sociodemographic index and high human development index regions. The mean onset age and incidence of liver cancer with different etiologies have gradually increased in the past 30 years. Conclusions: The global incidence is still rising and the causes have national, regional, or population specificities. More targeted prevention strategies must be developed for the different etiologic types in order to reduce liver cancer burden.
Betaine Alleviates Cognitive Deficits in Diabetic Rats via PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway Regulation
Authors: Huang Bingqing , Hu Xiaoli , Hu Jie , Chen Zhenfei , Zhao Hao
Published: July 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease which also causes cognitive deficits. Betaine (N,N,N-trimethylglycine), also known as trimethylglycine, has been shown to ameliorate diabetic symptoms in diabetic animals and improve cognitive ability in Alzheimer disease (AD) animals. However, the effects of betaine on cognitive deficits in diabetic animals have not been described yet. Therefore, in the current study, the effects of betaine on cognition in diabetic rats were evaluated. Methods: We established a diabetic rat model by injecting streptozotocin (STZ) into rats and administrated betaine to these diabetic rats. We monitored the metabolism index, and glucose and insulin levels in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. We measured inflammatory cytokine levels, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, in serum and hippocampus. We also monitored oxidative stress in the hippocampus by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. We measured the learning and memory ability of diabetic rats using the Morris water and Y maze tests and tested the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt activation and p-mTOR level in the hippocampus. Results: Betaine improved glucose metabolism and suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Also, betaine decreased MDA concentration and increased SOD activity in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. Betaine ameliorated cognitive deficits in diabetic rats, and it promoted PI3K expression and Akt activation and decreased p-mTOR expression. Conclusion: Betaine alleviates cognitive deficits in STZ-induced diabetic rats via regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Trends of Dementia among Community-Dwelling Adults in Ontario, Canada, 2010–2015
Authors: Vanderkruk Kayla Rachelle , Eberg Maria , Mahootchi Tannaz , Esensoy Ali Vahit , Seitz Dallas Peter
Published: July 2020

Background: There are increasing numbers of people living with dementia (PLWD) and most reside in community settings. Characterizing the number of individuals affected with dementia and their transitions are important to understand in order to plan for their healthcare needs. Using administrative health data in Ontario, Canada, we examined recent trends in the prevalence and incidence of dementia among the community-dwelling population, described their characteristics, and investigated admissions to long-term care (LTC) and overall survival. Methods: Using a validated case ascertainment algorithm, we performed a population-based retrospective cohort study of community-dwelling PLWD aged 40–105 years old between 2010 and 2015. We assessed crude and age- and sex-adjusted prevalence and incidence, cohort characteristics, and time to LTC admission and survival. Results: Between 2010 and 2015, the adjusted community prevalence increased by 9.5% (p < 0.001), while the incidence decreased by 15.8% (p < 0.001). Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics remained similar over time, while the prevalence of comorbidities increased significantly from 2010 to 2015. There was no difference in the time to LTC admission for individuals diagnosed in 2014 when compared to 2010 (p = 0.06). A lower risk of 2-year mortality was observed for individuals diagnosed in 2015 compared to 2010 (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.90–0.97, p < 0.001). Conclusion: There was an increase in the prevalence of dementia despite decreasing incidence among community-dwelling PLWD. Lower rates of mortality indicate that PLWD are surviving longer following diagnosis. Adequate resources and planning are required to support this growing population, considering the changing population size and characteristics.
A Novel Long-Term Graves’ Disease Animal Model Confirmed by Functional Thyrotropin Receptor Antibodies
Authors: Diana Tanja , Holthoff Hans-Peter , Fassbender Julia , Wüster Christian , Kanitz Michael , Kahaly George J. , Ungerer Martin
Published: July 2020

Introduction: A novel long-term murine model for Graves’ disease (GD) using repeated, long-term immunizations with recombinant adenovirus expressing the extracellular A-subunit of the human thyrotropin receptor (Ad-TSHR) was applied to evaluate the functional anti-TSHR-antibody (TSHR-Ab) profile. Methods: BALB/c mice received 7 immunizations with either 1010 plaque-forming units of Ad-TSHR or control Ad-GFP. Naïve (nonimmuized native) mice were also studied. Three 3-weekly immunizations were followed by 4-weekly boosts until the 7th immunization. Blocking (TBAb) and stimulating (TSAb) TSHR-Ab were measured with bioassays. Assay cut-offs for TBAb/TSAb were at 34% inhibition and a specimen-to-reference ratio (SRR) of 140%. Results: Nineteen (8 Ad-TSHR-, 4 Ad-GFP-immunized, and 7 native) mice were investigated. All native mice were negative for TSHR-binding inhibitory immunoglobulins (TBII) prior to immunization. Native and Ad-GFP mice were negative in weeks 17 and 27 for TBII and TBAb/TSAb. In native mice, the free thyroxine (fT4) levels (median [25th percentile; 75th percentile]) were in the upper normal range (1.2 ng/mL [1.1; 1.6]) prior to immunization, at weeks 17 (2.2 ng/mL [2.1; 2.4]) and 27 (1.4 ng/mL [1.1; 1.7]), respectively. In contrast, in Ad-TSHR-immunized mice, fT4 values were markedly increased at weeks 17 (4.4 ng/mL [3.9; 6]) and 27 (4.5 ng/mL [4.2; 6]) compared to those in Ad-GFP mice (2 ng/mL [1.8; 2.1] and 1.4 ng/mL [1.1; 1.6]), respectively (p = 0.0008, p = 0.001). In contrast, at week 17, in Ad-TSHR mice, the mean TBII, TBAb, and TSAb levels were 40 IU/L (40; 40); 62% inhibition (38; 69), and 116% SRR (97; 185), respectively; at week 27, they were 40 IU/L (39; 40); 65% inhibition (34; 80) and 95% SRR (63; 187), respectively. Three serum samples from Ad-TSHR mice (38%) demonstrated dual TBAb/TSAb positivity. Conclusions: TBAb/TSAb were highly prevalent in Ad-TSHR-immunized mice, thus confirming the successful establishment of a novel, long-term murine model for GD. All TBAb- and TSAb-positive Ad-TSHR-immunized mice were TBII-positive. Thus, the binding immunoassay did not differentiate between TSHR-Ab functionality.
Clinical and Morphological Spectrum of Histoplasmosis on Cytology Along with the Review of Literature
Authors: Kapatia Gargi , Saha Ashmita , Rohilla Manish , Gupta Parikshaa , Gupta Nalini , Srinivasan Radhika , Rajwanshi Arvind , Dey Pranab
Published: July 2020

Objective: The aim of the study was to study the clinical and morphological spectrum of histoplasmosis diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Study Design: A total of 17 patients diagnosed with histoplasmosis on FNAC were studied over a period of 5 years. The cytology smears were studied and analysed for the cytomorphological spectrum of histoplasmosis. Results: Among the 17 patients studied, the mean age was 51.3 years (range 6–84 years). Male-to-female ratio was 3.25:1 with 4 females and 13 males. The frequent sites of involvement were the lung (5), lymph node (4), adrenal gland (4), and skin (4). The most common cytological patterns were histiocytic collection, followed by granulomas and multinucleated giant cells. Necrosis was noted in only 4 cases. Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration is a highly accurate, rapid, and cheap technique for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis due to its distinct morphological features.
Comparison of Middle and Lower Calyceal Access for Renal Pelvis Stone in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Eryildirim Bilal , Sarica Kemal , Ustun Fatih , Sevinc Ahmet Halil , Simsek Berkan , Sahan Ahmet , Canakci Cengiz , Tarhan Fatih
Published: July 2020

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the possible effects of calyceal choice for renal puncture under sonographic guidance on the outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL). Materials and Methods: A total of 70 patients for whom ultrasound-guided PNL was planned for 20–30-mm single renal pelvic stones were prospectively allocated to group 1 (n:35) with middle calyx entry or group 2 (n:35) with lower calyx entry. Procedure-related parameters such as duration of operation, stone-free rates, complication rates, and radiation exposure time were analyzed in detail. Results: The mean age of the patients was 45.67 ± 1.50 years and the mean stone size was 316.4 ± 17.95 mm2. There was no significant difference regarding the age, BMI, stone burden, and the grade of hydronephrosis between the groups. Skin to collecting system distance was significantly shorter in the middle calyx entrance (p = 0.021). Total duration of the procedure was again significantly shorter in group 1 cases (74.69 ± 2.94 min) than in group 2 (84.29 ± 4.25 min) (p = 0.003). Regarding the success rates, the postoperative stone-free rate was higher in group 1 (91.4% in group 1, 80.0% in group 2, p = 0.305). Last, there was no statistically significant difference in hemoglobin reduction rates, blood transfusion requirements, and complication rates between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Getting access to the renal pelvis through the middle calyx during ultrasonic guided PNL procedure is more advantageous to lower the calyceal approach by reducing both the duration of the PNL procedure with significantly higher stone-free and comparable complication rates.
Metabolic Reprogramming in Immune Response and Tissue Inflammation
Authors: Sun Lizhe , Yang Xiaofeng , Yuan Zuyi , Wang Hong
Published: July 2020

Innate and adaptive immunity participate in and regulate numerous human diseases. Increasing evidence implies that metabolic reprogramming mediates immune cell functional changes during immune responses. In this review, we present and discuss our current understanding of metabolic regulation in different immune cells and their subsets in response to pathological stimuli. An interactive biochemical and molecular model was established to characterize metabolic reprogramming and their functional implication in anti-inflammatory, immune resolution, and proinflammatory responses. We summarize 2 major features of metabolic reprogramming in inflammatory stages in innate and adaptive immune cells: (1) energy production and biosynthesis reprogramming, including increased glycolysis and decreased oxidative phosphorylation, to secure faster ATP production and biosynthesis for defense response and damage repair and (2) epigenetic reprogramming, including enhanced histone acetylation and suppressed DNA methylation, due to altered accessibility of acetyl/methyl group donor and metabolite-modulated enzymatic activity. Finally, we discuss current strategies of metabolic and epigenetic therapy in cardiovascular disease and recommend cell-specific metabolic and gene-targeted site-specific epigenetic alterations for future therapies.
Combining Biomarkers and Imaging for Short‐Term Assessment of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Apparently Healthy Adults
Authors: Gore Maria Odette , Ayers Colby R. , Khera Amit , deFilippi Christopher R. , Wang Thomas J. , Seliger Stephen L. , Nambi Vijay , Selvin Elizabeth , Berry Jarett D. , Hundley W. Gregory , Budoff Matthew , Greenland Philip , Drazner Mark H. , Ballantyne Christie M. , Levine Benjamin D. , de Lemos James A.
Published: July 2020

Background

Current strategies for cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) risk assessment focus on 10‐year or longer timeframes. Shorter‐term
CVD
risk is also clinically relevant, particularly for high‐risk occupations, but is under‐investigated.

Methods and Results

We pooled data from participants in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study), MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis), and DHS (Dallas Heart Study), free from
CVD
at baseline (N=16 581). Measurements included N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (>100 pg/mL prospectively defined as abnormal); high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (abnormal >5 ng/L); high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (abnormal >3 mg/L); left ventricular hypertrophy by
ECG
(abnormal if present); carotid intima‐media thickness, and plaque (abnormal >75th percentile for age and sex or presence of plaque); and coronary artery calcium (abnormal >10 Agatston U). Each abnormal test result except left ventricular hypertrophy by
ECG
was independently associated with increased 3‐year risk of global
CVD
(myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, incident heart failure, or atrial fibrillation), even after adjustment for traditional
CVD
risk factors and the other test results. When a simple integer score counting the number of abnormal tests was used, 3‐year multivariable‐adjusted global
CVD
risk was increased among participants with integer scores of 1, 2, 3, and 4, by ≈2‐, 3‐, 4.5‐ and 8‐fold, respectively, when compared with those with a score of 0. Qualitatively similar results were obtained for atherosclerotic
CVD
(fatal or non‐fatal myocardial infarction or stroke).

Conclusions

A strategy incorporating multiple biomarkers and atherosclerosis imaging improved assessment of 3‐year global and atherosclerotic
CVD
risk compared with a standard approach using traditional risk factors.
Topic Modeling in Embedding Spaces
Authors: Dieng Adji B. , Ruiz Francisco J. R. , Blei David M.
Published: July 2020

Topic modeling analyzes documents to learn meaningful patterns of words. However, existing topic models fail to learn interpretable topics when working with large and heavy-tailed vocabularies. To this end, we develop the embedded topic model (etm), a generative model of documents that marries traditional topic models with word embeddings. More specifically, the etm models each word with a categorical distribution whose natural parameter is the inner product between the word’s embedding and an embedding of its assigned topic. To fit the etm, we develop an efficient amortized variational inference algorithm. The etm discovers interpretable topics even with large vocabularies that include rare words and stop words. It outperforms existing document models, such as latent Dirichlet allocation, in terms of both topic quality and predictive performance.
Study Program Innovation in the Triple Helix Context: The Case of Cooperative Study Programs at a German University of Applied Sciences
Authors: Schiller Benjamin , Leišytė Liudvika
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this article is to understand how Triple Helix linkages foster study program innovation at the micro-level and how the entrepreneurial university shapes support structures and processes to foster this innovation at the meso-level. We draw on the case of cooperative study programs from a German university of applied sciences. We selected business administration and nursing as two different disciplinary examples. Cooperative study programs are delivered partly at university and partly in industry and illustrate the hybridity that shapes the knowledge transfer at a university. Our study draws on semi-structured interviews with professors, industry representatives, students and policy makers as well as on pertinent documents. Our data show that Triple-Helix interactions generate program innovations and, depending on the discipline, have a focus on a Double Helix. In addition, the study shows the processes and their limitations by which teaching is transferred in partnership with industry in the entrepreneurial university context.
Lithobieae and Eriocnemeae: two new Neotropical tribes of Melastomataceae

Authors: PENNEYS DARIN S. , ALMEDA FRANK , MICHELANGELI FABIAN A. , GOLDENBERG RENATO , MARTINS ANGELA B. , FRITSCH PETER W.
Published: July 2020

Several genera in the Melastomataceae mostly endemic to southeastern Brazil have not been assessed for their tribal placement in a phylogenetic context. Most workers have placed the monotypic diminutive herb Lithobium in the Microlicieae, but some classifications have assigned it to either the Sonerileae or Bertolonieae. Another monotypic genus, Eriocnema, has been included in the Bertolonieae, Sonerileae, or Microlicieae. Physeterostemon contains five species, and has not previously been assigned to any tribe. Ochthephilus, a monotypic genus endemic to Guyana, was assigned to the Merianieae, but lack of fruit and seed data, and a paucity of collections, have impeded phylogenetic assessment. To assess the placement of these genera, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of 91 species representing 73 genera from across the Melastomataceae, including 24 of the 27 putative close relatives of Lithobium, Eriocnema, Ochthephilus, and Physeterostemon and seven gene regions, i.e., the nuclear ribosomal external and internal transcribed spacer regions, and the plastid regions accD-psaI, ndhF, psbK-psbL, rbcL, and rpl16. Lithobium groups as sister to a clade comprising all non-Olisbeoideae, Pternandreae, Henrietteeae, and Astronieae tribes. A new tribe, Lithobieae, is thus created to accommodate this placement. The capsular-fruited Eriocnema, Ochthephilus, and Physeterostemon form a clade that is sister to the berry-fruited Miconieae and widely separated from tribes with which they have been associated in historical classifications. Thus another new tribe, Eriocnemeae, is created. Lectotypes are designated for E. acaulis and L. cordatum.
Cordyceps yinjiangensis, a new ant-pathogenic fungus

Authors: LI YU-PING , CHEN WAN-HAO , HAN YAN-FENG , LIANG JIAN-DONG , LIANG ZONG-QI
Published: July 2020

Ant-pathogenic fungi are mainly found in the Ophiocordycipitaceae, rarely in the Cordycipitaceae. During a survey of entomopathogenetic fungi from Southwest China, a new species, Cordyceps yinjiangensis, was isolated from the ponerine. It differs from other Cordyceps species by its ant host, shorter phialides, and smaller septate conidia formed in an imbricate chain. Phylogenetic analyses based on the combined datasets of (LSU+RPB2+TEF) and (ITS+TEF) confirmed that C. yinjiangensis is distinct from other species. The new species is formally described and illustrated, and compared to similar species.
Rhynchostegium occultum (Brachytheciaceae), a new species from relict forests of central Chile

Authors: LARRAÍN JUAN BERNARDO , HUTTUNEN SANNA , IGNATOVA ELENA , IGNATOV MICHAEL
Published: July 2020

We present a description of the new species Rhynchostegium occultum from central Chile, including illustrations, a distribution map, and preliminary molecular data that supports its taxonomic placement. The new taxon is restricted to coastal relict forests of central Chile. An overview of the Chilean taxa of Rhynchostegium, and a key for local species are also provided. The new combination Rhynchostegium corralense, and new synonyms for Rhynchostegium acanthophyllum and for Cratoneuropsis chilensis are proposed. Oxyrrhynchium hians is newly reported for Chile, apparently being a recent introduction. Lectotypes are selected for Hypnum corralense, Hypnum acanthophyllum, and for Rhynchostegiella acanthophylla var. robusta.
Two new species of Manihot (Euphorbiaceae) from the Amazon region

Authors: MENDOZA F. J. MOISES , ORLANDINI PRISCILA , MARTINS MÁRCIO LACERDA LOPES
Published: July 2020

Two new species of Manihot endemic to the Amazon region are described here: Manihot australis and M. striata. Important diagnostic characters distinguishing the new species such as presence or absence of indumentum, form and size as well presence or absence of ribs in fruits, among other, are discussed and illustrated by line drawings and photographic plates. Information about their natural habitat and distribution is also provided.
A new genus and species of Katiannidae (Collembola: Symphypleona) from Bolivia
Authors: PALACIOS-VARGAS JOSÉ G. , VACAFLORES-ARGANDOÑA MA. RENÉ
Published: July 2020

The new genus Borgesminthurinus gen. nov. from Bolivia shares with Sminthurinus the presence of antennal segment IV undivided, antennal segment III with one papilla; sacs of ventral tube smooth; each tenacular rami with 3 teeth and a basal appendix. They also have dens with ventral chaetotaxy reduced and lack mucronal seta; but new genus clearly differs in having thick and barbulate setae on head and body, lacking neosminthuroid setae on abdomen and the presence of seta a0 on Abd. VI acuminate. The new genus differs from Katianna which has divided antennal segment IV, vertex of head with spine-like setae and setae of the body long and smooth.
A new species of Edrabius Fauvel (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Staphylininae) from Uruguay
Authors: MARTÍNEZ-VILLAR MAURO , GONZÁLEZ-VAINER PATRICIA , TOMASCO IVANNA H.
Published: July 2020

A new rove beetle species, Edrabius uruguayensis Martínez-Villar, González-Vainer & Tomasco, sp. nov., associated with the subterranean rodent Ctenomys rionegrensis in Uruguay, is described and illustrated. Photographs, scanning electron micrographs and drawings of the diagnostic character states are provided. The new species is compared with other species of the genus. Nucleotide sequence of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I was reported for the first time for the genus and phylogenetic reconstruction confirms their close relationship with the other genus used from the tribe Amblyopinini (Heterothops).
The genus Jacaena Thorell, 1897 from southern China (Araneae: Liocranidae)
Authors: MU YANNAN , ZHANG FENG
Published: July 2020

Six species of the genus Jacaena Thorell, 1897 from China were studied, including two known species, J. jinxini Liu & Xu, 2020 and J. zhui (Zhang & Fu, 2011), and four new species: J. aspera sp. n. (♂, ♀) from Yunnan and Chongqing, J. bannaensis sp. n. (♂, ♀) from Yunnan and Hainan, J. luteolus sp. n. (♂) from Guangdong and J. menglaensis sp. n. (♂) from Yunnan. A distribution map of Jacaena species in China is provided.
Brasineura Silva-Neto & García Aldrete (Psocodea, ‘Psocoptera’, Ptiloneuridae): new species, new records and variation in the wing venations
Authors: LIMA DANIEL MOURA , SILVA-NETO ALBERTO MOREIRA DA , ALDRETE ALFONSO N. GARCÍA , BRAVO FREDDY
Published: July 2020

Two new species of Brasineura are described from Brazil based on male specimens: Brasineura calori sp. n. (Bahia: Brazil) and Brasineura morrense sp. n. (Bahia: Brazil). They differ from the other species in the genus, in which the males are known, by hypandrium and phallosome structures. New records and comments on variation in the fore- and hind- wing venation of B. troglophilica Silva-Neto & García Aldrete and B. diamantina Silva-Neto & García Aldrete are presented. The identification key to male Brasineura species is updated.
The Value of Computed Tomography Three-Dimensional Imaging Technology in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Sports Knee Ligament Strain
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Cui Gaoyuan
Published: July 2020

Objective: To improve the efficiency and accuracy of the diagnosis and treatment of sports knee ligament strain, the application value of computerized tomography (CT) three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology in the diagnosis and treatment of sports knee ligament strain is studied.
Methods: This study proposes a method for CT 3D image reconstruction based on the model clustering algorithm. First, the knee joint CT images of research objects are preprocessed. Second, based on the preprocessing, the healthy adult male knee ligament distribution structure map is
used as a reference model. The model clustering segmentation algorithm proposed in this study is used for detailed segmentation, and the results are input into Materialise’s interactive medical control system (Mimics) software. According to the process, the 3D CT reconstructed images
are derived. Finally, the 3D reconstruction results of knee ligament CT are optimized by using Geomagic Studio 2012 software. The application of 3D CT images and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images obtained by the algorithm in this study in the diagnosis and treatment of knee ligament
strains are compared. Results: The CT 3D image reconstruction method based on the model clustering algorithm proposed in this study can clearly show the ligament structure of the knee joint. The optimized CT 3D image has a smoother surface and a clearer display, which is more conducive
for observing the knee joint ligament structure more clearly. The comparative experiments have found that the diagnostic accuracy of 3D CT images is 95%, and the diagnostic accuracy of MRI images is 85%. The diagnostic accuracy of the 3D reconstructed images proposed in this study is significantly
higher than that of MRI images, and the difference is statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The proposed algorithm has an excellent effect on the 3D reconstruction of CT images. Also, it has high efficiency and accuracy in the diagnosis and treatment of sports
knee ligament strains.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Early Knee Cartilage Injury in Athletes and Its Significance in Diagnosis
Authors: Lan Yahong , Yang Jianji
Published: July 2020

Objective: The objective is to study the application and significance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of early knee joint cartilage injury in athletes, so as to provide corresponding rehabilitation training. Method: The imaging manifestations of T2
mapping of patellar cartilage in athletes and healthy volunteers are studied. 32 national professional athletes are included. The imaging characteristics of T2 mapping pseudocolor images of normal patellar cartilage are analyzed. The image characteristics of early patellar cartilage injury
in T2 mapping pseudocolor images are analyzed, and the comparison of cartilage injury between athletes and ordinary people, as well as the injury of left and right knee cartilage of athletes are obtained. Results: The average value of T2 (T2av) of right patellar cartilage of athletes
is higher than that of left patellar cartilage, and there are significant differences. The average T2av of right patellar cartilage is slightly higher than that of left patellar cartilage in healthy volunteers, with no significant differences. With the increase of training years, the color
scale of patellar cartilage gradually increases, from the surface to the deep layer. In addition, the damage is aggravated, the blue range is reduced, the green range is expanded, and some yellow areas appear, which are more mixed. The lateral area and deviation to lateral area of right patellar
cartilage are more obvious, and the T2 value is increased. Conclusion: T2 mapping can reflect the early injury of articular cartilage sensitively, intuitively and quantitatively. Before the morphological changes, the changes of biochemical structure of degenerative articular cartilage
can be found by T2 mapping, which can provide theoretical support for the detection of early injury of knee cartilage in athletes.
Adoption of Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Qualitative Diagnosis of Solid Breast Mass
Authors: Liu Wei , Sun Chuang , Zhai Fangbing , Wang Lei , Wu Jianlin
Published: July 2020

To investigate the effect of multiphase dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of breast tumor, this study was conducted on 60 patients with breast solid mass disease confirmed by pathology in xxx hospital
from January 2016 to December 2018. Based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination images of patients, the application effects of homomorphic filtering algorithm, non-parametric algorithm and the energy minimization algorithm based on homomorphic filtering proposed in this study were
compared in the non-uniform field correction of MRI images. Morphology, time-intensity curve (TIC) curve typing based on DCE-MRI, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value based on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and the combination of three methods were compared in the diagnosis of benign
and malignant breast lesions The results showed that the energy minimization algorithm based on homomorphic filtering proposed in this study can effectively improve the non-uniformity in MRI images, and the coefficient of variation was 0.82. The sensitivity of different single and combined
methods to the diagnosis of lesion location was 90.91%, 86.36%, 90.91% and 97.73%, respectively. Comparison of Kappa consistency with pathological diagnosis revealed that k values were 0.53 (consistent), 0.59 (consistent), 0.74 (consistent) and 0.85 (consistent), respectively, which indicated
that the energy minimization algorithm based on homomorphic filtering could be applied to the non-uniform field correction of MRI images, and the combined diagnosis of morphology, DCE-MRI and DWI could effectively improve the diagnostic accuracy of benign and malignant breast masses.
Localization of Facial Nerve Canal and Therapeutic Effect of Acupuncture and Moxibustion at Hegu Point in Patients with Nerve Palsy Under Magnetic Resonance Computerized Tomography Scan
Authors: Tian Naijia , Chen Xue , Guo Yanbing , Zhang Bo , Li Yuhua , Yao Weiwei , Yang Ge , Li Jie
Published: July 2020

In order to study the condition of facial nerve bone canal in patients with nerve palsy and the therapeutic effect of acupuncture Hegu point therapy on patients with facial palsy, in this study, 70 patients with bell facial paralysis who were admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital
on July 30, 2018 solstice and July 30, 2019 were selected. The patients were randomly divided into a control group (CG) (n = 35) and an experimental group (EG) (n = 35). The EG received acupuncture and acupoint Hegu treatment, while the CG received conventional drug treatment.
Magnetic Resonance Computerized Tomography (MRCT) image combined with multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) facial nerve tube measurement technique was used to detect genu ganglion segment, nerve labyrinth segment and tympanic compartment of bell facial paralysis patients in the EG. Patients in
both groups were evaluated by House-Brackmann scale, Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (SFGS) scale, and Degree of facial Nerve Paralysis (DFNP). Finally, Logistic Regression Model (LRM) was used to analyze the factors influencing the treatment effect of bell facial paralysis patients. The
results showed that the inner diameter of genu ganglion segment, labyrinth segment and tympanum segment of the EG was greatly smaller than that of the normal side, and the difference between the data was statistically significant (SS) (P < 0.05). After treatment, the House-Brackmann,
SFGS and DFNP scores of patients in the two groups were greatly higher than before treatment, and the differences were SS (P < 0.05). After treatment, the scores of House-Brackmann, SFGS, and DFNP in the EG were greatly higher than those in the CG, and the differences were SS (P
< 0.05). The analysis results of LRM indicated that DFNP score was negatively related to age and disease course (P < 0.05), and positively related to the neural labyrinth segment of the patient’s side (P < 0.05). MPR facial canal measurement technique based on
MRCT can directly reflect the facial canal paralysis in patients with facial paralysis. Acupuncture at Hegu point can effectively improve facial nerve palsy and other symptoms in patients with facial paralysis of bell in clinic and the recovery effect may also be affected by the age of the
patient and the course of the disease.
Prediction of Risk Factors for Progressive and Non-Progressive Stroke by Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound Information Technology
Authors: Bai Chunfeng , Lv Jing , Shao Sen , Tang Xiaofei , Zhu Zhou
Published: July 2020

Objective: To predict the risk factors of progressive and non-progressive stroke by the transcranial Doppler ultrasound information technology and the analysis of the comparative examination results. Methods: A total of 180 patients with ischemic stroke (IS) treated in
the Neurology Department were included as the research objects. The Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS) was used to score the neurological functions of patients, and the patients were then divided into the progressive group (group P) and the non-progressive group (group NP). The carotid
ultrasound examination was performed on the grouped patients, and the support vector machine (SVM) regression algorithm was used to classify the data obtained by the ultrasound examinations. The differences between the results of both groups were analyzed and discussed, as well as the carotid
lesions and plaques. Results: The plaque detection rate was 96.7% in group P and 75.8% in group NP. In group P, the detection rate of the single plaque was 8.3%, and the detection rate of multiple plaques was 88.3%. In group NP, the detection rate of the single plaque
was 19.2%, and the detection rate of multiple plaques was 56.7%. Besides, statistical differences existed between both groups (P < 0.01). Carotid plaques in both groups were mainly distributed in common carotid artery (CA), bifurcation, internal CA, and external CA. Of all the biochemical
indexes and CPS, the fasting plasma glucose (FPS), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, lipoprotein (a), homocysteine, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen had positive correlations. The major risk factors for the formation of vulnerable carotid plaques were increased levels of lipoprotein (a),
homocysteine, and C-reactive protein. Conclusion: The pathogenesis of progressive and non-progressive stroke was closely related to vulnerable plaque. The vulnerable plague was a factor indicating the risk of progressing to early stroke. Besides, the formation of vulnerable plaques
was closely correlated to the increase of lipoprotein (a), homocysteine, and C-reactive protein levels.
The Effect of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography on Patients with Common Bile Duct Stones
Authors: Yan Tao , Zhang Lingfeng , Shao Feng , Wang Cheng , Xie Xiaolin , Ying Jinwei
Published: July 2020

Objective: To explore the safety and effectiveness of therapeutic ERCP technology. Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical data from March 1, 2017 to March 1, 2018 in the endoscopic center of our hospital. The frequency of ERCP procedures, the success rate of treatment,
the incidence of complications, and the mortality rate of cholelithiasis in non-elderly patients. Results: In this study, 236 patients underwent 267 ERCP lithotripsy treatments. Group A was a patient older than 80 years old and performed 20 ERCP procedures; group B was a patient aged
60 to 80 years old and performed 110 ERCP procedures. Group C is a age from 18 to 60, with a total of 137 operations. Difference between ERCP treatment, the incidence of postoperative pancreatitis, cholangitis, bleeding and other complications in the three groups, and no ERCP-induced perforation
occurred. There were no ERCP-related deaths. Conclusion: With good preoperative evaluation and prevention.
Transition from Geostrophic Flows to Inertia–Gravity Waves in the Spectrum of a Differentially Heated Rotating Annulus Experiment
Authors: Rodda Costanza , Harlander Uwe
Published: July 2020

Inertia–gravity waves (IGWs) play an essential role in the terrestrial atmospheric dynamics as they can lead to energy and momentum flux when propagating upward. An open question is to what extent IGWs contribute to the total energy and to the flattening of the energy spectrum observed at the mesoscale. In this work, we present an experimental investigation of the energy distribution between the large-scale balanced flow and the small-scale imbalanced flow. Weakly nonlinear IGWs emitted from baroclinic jets are observed in the differentially heated rotating annulus experiment. Similar to the atmospheric spectra, the experimental kinetic energy spectra reveal the typical subdivision into two distinct regimes with slopes k−3 for the large scales and k−5/3 for the small scales. By separating the spectra into the vortex and wave components, it emerges that at the large-scale end of the mesoscale the gravity waves observed in the experiment cause a flattening of the spectra and provide most of the energy. At smaller scales, our data analysis suggests a transition toward a turbulent regime with a forward energy cascade up to where dissipation by diffusive processes occurs.
Rationing Rotational Magnet Cochlear Implant Technology in a Single Payer Healthcare System
Authors: Pisa Justyn , Andrews Colin , Hochman Jordan B.
Published: July 2020

Introduction:

In a publicly funded health care system, fiscally responsible management of any program is required. This is especially pertinent as evolving technology and associated incremental costs, places pressure on device availability within a fixed funding envelope. The application of rotational magnet technology and associated escalating surgical wait times must be justified to patients and the single-payer system. We present a single cochlear implant center’s attempt at a rationing schema for magnetic resonance compatible cochlear implantation. Contrasting approaches to rationing care are evaluated and deliberated.

Methods:

Based on a comparison of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) rates within the general population to our cochlear implant (CI) cohort, we attempt the development of a decision-making schema that maximizes the number of patients to receive a CI while rationing the distribution of a rotational magnet technology to similarly situated individuals most likely to benefit.

Results:

We elect to provide rotational magnet technology to select patient cohorts. This is based on the dominant imaging needs of these populations and the probability of requiring recurrent imaging studies. We consider this an ethical approach grounded in the egalitarian principle of equality of opportunity within cohorts of patients.

Conclusion:

Given finite resources, increasing per unit cost will unavoidably extend wait times for adult patients. Our approach does not afford similar implant devices for all patients, but rather all similarly situated individuals. Therefore, access to a scare medical resource requires program rigor and a formalized policy around candidacy for emergent technology.
Addressing Academic Concerns: A Survey of Primary Care Providers
Authors: Curtin Michelle , Butler Melissa , Enneking Brett A. , Kelley Meagan , Keehn Rebecca McNally
Published: July 2020

Given new clinical recommendations, we sought to better understand the perspectives and practices of primary care providers (PCPs) around pediatric academic concerns. Practicing PCPs were recruited to complete an 8-item self-report survey; 163 PCPs were included in the final analysis. Results indicated that 84% of PCPs perceived their role in addressing patients’ academic concerns as highly important; yet there was variability in the frequency with which PCPs reported engaging in activities around these educational needs. There was a significant positive relationship between perception of role importance and engagement in clinical supports. Some differences were present in responses across PCP specialty area. More information about practice differences between provider types, rural versus urban practices, and how perceptions/practices differ based on provider demographics are likely to be useful areas for future consideration. Our findings highlight the need to advance PCP instruction for practical implementation to increase rates of engagement in these activities.
COVID-19 and older adults in Africa: Social workers’ utilization of mass media in enforcing policy change
Authors: Omorogiuwa Tracy BE
Published: July 2020

Dominating headlines in the last few months, global attention has been fixed on the coronavirus pandemic given its rampaging impact on social events and human affairs. More than any other groups, older adults have been disproportionately affected by the deadly contagion. This situation poses legitimate concerns to the social work profession, whose mandate is to liberate vulnerable people and promote social development. Although the COVID-19 pandemic has continued to take a devastating toll on older adults in the short-term, its long-term consequences may be far more profound unless urgent attention is directed to mitigate this situation. Given the promulgation of social distancing and shutdowns among a number of African countries, many social workers have found it increasingly difficult to address the difficulties faced by older adults. This article canvasses for the utilization of the mass media in initiating policy response to the challenges of older adults throughout the continent.