bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supply and Value Chain Models in Cattle Marketing and Its Derivative Products in East Nusa Tenggara Province
Authors: R Lole Ulrikus , Keban Arnoldus , Sogen Johanes G. , Mulyantini Ni Gusti Ayu
Published: January 2022

In general, the determination of the price of cattle is based on the condition of the cattle's body. This will result in an unsatisfactory transfer of revenue value for farmers, because the bargaining position is still weak. In addition, transactions in the marketing chain of beef products and their by-products have not yet been solidly established, so the obligations and rights of some parties are not guaranteed. The objective was to analyze the role of stakeholders in each supply chain and distribution of value chains as revenue in the marketing transactions of cattle, beef, and derivative products. The study was conducted in West Timor, which has 85.0% of the cattle population in NTT. Four sample districts (Kupang, TTS, TTU and Belu) in 8 sample sub-districts or 16 sample villages were included in the study. Respondents in marketing activities consisted of farmers, village traders, sub-district/district traders, slaughter traders, inter-island traders, by-product/waste traders, as well as beef, cowhide, bone, and fat/blood processing industries. Data collection were conducted by a questionnaire-based interview. The data were analyzed descriptively-quantitatively with a supply chain analysis model.  It canbe concluded that (1) Market supply chains include cattle traders (farmers, village traders, sub-district traders, inter-island traders and slaughtering traders), as well as beef traders (fresh beef retailers, frozen beef exporting traders, and processed beef products traders); (2) The ideal model of the value chain in the form of revenue share from marketing of cattle, beef, processed beef products, by-products, and cattle waste has not been fully established in NTT; (3) The ideal model includes five marketing blocks (cattle block, beef block, processed beef block, by-product block, and waste block).
Cattle’s Physiology and Behavior Responses Which Transported by Camara Nusantara Vessel
Authors: Wibawanti Shabrina Dyah , Yamin Mohammad , Afnan Rudi , Priyanto Rudy
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to assess the welfare and performance of Bali cattle transported by Camara Nusantara vessel. We observed five-day transporting of 30 Bali cattle (1-2 years old, 100-200kg body weight) from cattle loading at Tenau Port, Kupang and cattle handling during sea transportation to cattle unloading at Tanjung Priok Port, Jakarta. The measured parameters were cattle’s physiological responses, including body surface temperature, foaming (excessive foam around their mouth), respiration (respiration rate during transportation), and panting (any panting behavior during the transport). The behavioral responses measured in this study were feeding behavior (do cattle eat normally during transportation process), lying (can cattle lie normally), agonistic interaction (mounting, head fighting, etc.), freeze during the loading/ unloading process (stop walking during loading and unloading process), coercion (cattle was hit during loading and unloading process), and slip/fall (cattle slipped or fell during loading and unloading process). The welfare evaluation was carried out by scoring system on the observed parameters. The result showed that the cattle showed a normal physiological response, except their body surface temperature was slightly above normal, i.e., 32-35oC. The cattle also showed normal behavior responses except for coercion. The average score gets from this study was 2.5, indicative of slightly poor physiology and behavior when cattle being transported.
The Effectiveness of Herbal Antibacterial Formulations Against Mastitis-Causing Bacteria in Dairy Cattle
Authors: Suryanah Sari , Nurjannah Syifa
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of antibacterial formulations derived from herbal plants against mastitis-causing bacteria in dairy cattle. Herbal extracts composed of betel leaves extract, kecombrang flower extract, and turmeric extract were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Escherichia coli. The research was carried out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) using ten treatments and four replications at the Laboratory of Research and Testing, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University. The results showed that herbal antibacterial formulations could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Escherichia coli bacteria. The most inhibitory power was obtained from P8 treatment (50% betel leaves + 50% kecombrang flower + 50% turmeric) categorized in "strong inhibition." The percentage of antibacterial inhibition of P8 formulation compared to chloramphenicol was 32% against Staphylococcus aureus, 33% against Streptococcus agalactiae, and 31% against Escherichia coli. Conclusively, the best herbal antibacterial formulation was a combination of 50% betel leaves extract, 50% kecombrang flower extract, and 50% turmeric extract.
PENGEMBANGAN BROWNIES KUKUS TEPUNG TALAS-KECAMBAH KACANG HIJAU DAN UBI UNGU KUKUS (TALAHIBU) UNTUK IBU HAMIL KURANG ENERGI KRONIK (KEK)
Authors: Amalia Islamiati Putri , Winarsi Hery , Ramadhan Gumintang Ratna
Published: January 2022

Background: The prevalence of pregnant women with a risk of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) is quite high (24.2%). CED in pregnant women requires additional feeding interventions (PMT). Brownies enriched with taro flour–mung bean sprouts and purple sweet potato (TALAHIBU) were chosen as it is an energy-dense product and expected to have preferred organoleptic value and energy as PMT.

Objectives: To determine the phenolic antioxidant content of the best TALAHIBU formula and to determine the serving size of TALAHIBU.

Methodology: This factorial experimental study used a randomized block design (RBD) with 2 factors, consisting of taro flour-mung bean sprout proportion and the percentage of added fine steamed sweet potato. Organoleptic variable analysis used  Friedman test continued with 5% Multiple Appeal Test. The best treatment combination was chosen, continued with Proximate and phenolic test then energy calculations.

Results: The best treatment was TALAHIBU G2J2 with water content of 23.94% BW; ash content 3.16% bb; fat 25.7% BW; carbohydrates 45.57% bb; protein 1.63% bb; energy 419.83kcal; and phenolic antioxidant 19,1 mg/g.

Conclusion: The best product TALAHIBU is suitable PMT for pregnant women with CED by serving 5 slice brownies per day.
Analisis Kandungan Formalin Pada Ikan Asin di Pasar Tradisional Sukabumi serta Hubungannya dengan Pengetahuan Penjual Tentang Formalin
Authors: Hasanah Siti ulfah Fauzia
Published: January 2022

Ikan merupakan bahan pangan yang sering dijadikan sumber protein hewani oleh manusia, ikan merupakan bahan pangan yang sangat mudah membusuk, agar tidak cepat busuk maka ikan bisa diawetkan dengan penggaraman dan penjemuran, tetapi banyak produsen bahkan penjual yang menambahkan formalin kedalam ikan asin agar lebih awet. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kandungan formalin pada ikan asin dan pegetahuan pedagangnya di pasar X dan Y Sukabumi serta korelasi keduanya. Analisis kandungan formalin menggunakan test kit, sedangkan analisis pengetahuan pedagang tentang formalin menggunakan data kuesioner. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji chi square dan fisher exact test untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan pedagang tentang formalin dengan penggunaan formalin. Hasilnya didapatkan bahwa 4 dari 30 sampel ikan asin mengandung formalin. Analisis pengetahuan tentang formalin didapatkan hasil bahwa 9 penjual memiliki pengetahuan tinggi dan 6 orang memiliki pengetahuan rendah tentang formalin. Hasil analisis chi square didapatkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara penggunaan formalin pada ikan asin dengan pengetahuan penjual tentang formalin dengan nilai signifikasi 0,634 (P>0,05) dan nilai fisher exact test sebesar 1 (>0,05)
Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Risk Fall in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in BLUD RSUD Dr. Ben Mboi Manggarai Regency, NTT
Authors: Ningsih Oliva Suyen , Iwa Kornelia Romana , Simon Maria Getrida , Sinar Kataria Anastasia
Published: January 2022

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Manggarai Regency in 2019 is 535 people and some of them have diabetic foot ulcers. Patients with diabetic foot ulcers had a higher risk of falling than others.This study was to determine the risk factors for diabetic foot ulcers and the risk of falls in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A quantitative study using a cross-sectional study was conducted at BLUD RSUD dr. Ben Mboi  in April-June 2020 (n = 51).The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with a questionnaire of diabetic foot screening and risk stratification form and Morse scale. Logistic regression results showed that there was a significant relationship between claudication (AOR: 8.409, 95% CI 1.664-42.500, p value 0.010), history of previous diabetic foot ulcers (AOR: 5,680, 95% CI 1,151-28,035, p value 0.033) with diabetic foot ulcers. There was a significant relationship between hypertension (AOR: 0.152, 95% CI 0.028-0.834, p value 0.030), diabetic foot ulcers (AOR: 11.392, 95% CI 1.277-101.651, p value 0.029) with the risk of falling for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Assessment of the risk of diabetic foot ulcers and the risk of falls should be done in patients with diabetes mellitus with or without neuropathy peripheral
Efficacy of Listening to Murattal in Reducing the Pain Experienced by ICU Patients
Authors: Purnawan Iwan , Hidayat Arif Imam , Sutrisna Eman , Alivian Galih Noor , Wirakhmi Ikit Netra
Published: January 2022

Background: Pain is one of the main problems in patients with ICU. Inadequate handling can cause adverse effects such as unstable hemodynamics, trigger stress, and thus hinder the healing process. Non-pharmacological intervention is needed to help manage pain in patients with ICU. Purpose: This study aims to identify the effect of murottal listening to pain in ICU patients. Methods: This is a quasi-experiment with pre-test and post-test with control group design. The sampling technique was simple random sampling, consisting of 40 respondents divided into two groups. The Critical Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) is used to measure pain. Statistics using a paired t-test, Wilcoxon-test, and Mann Whitney. Results: Significant decreases in pain scores were observed in treatment groups of 4, 5 to 4,0; p = 0,013. In the control group, there was a significant decrease in pain scores from 4,8 to 4,3; p = 0,001. There was no significant difference between the median decrease in pain in the intervention group (0.001 (-1-2.0) and the control group (0.001 (0.001-1.0)) with p = 0.242. Conclusion: Murottal listening does not have a significant effect on pain in patients of ICU.
Phenomenological Study of Muslim Nurses’ Experience During End-Of-Life Decision Making
Authors: Hidayat Arif Imam , Kongsuwan Waraporn , Nilmanat Kittikorn , Siwi Adiratna Sekar , Alivian Galih Noor
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives: This study examines the significance of Muslim nurses' lived experiences in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) when it comes to End-of-Life (EOL) decisions (ICU)

Methods: The research was carried out at an intensive care unit (ICU) of a government hospital in Central Java, Indonesia. Fourteen nurses were chosen as participants after meeting the inclusion criteria: Muslims with at least three years of experience in the ICU and experienced to involved in end of life decision making process in an ICU. Data were gathered using in-depth interview. The result the transcribed and analyzed by using van Manen’s hermeneutic phenomenological approach. Trustworthiness was established following Lincoln and Guba's criteria.

Results: Four theme themes emerged from nurses' engagement in EOL decision-making. Feeling dilemma, being in uncertain time, receiving overwhelming role, and evading the process. Van Manen's four lived world of body, time, relation, and space are reflected in these subjects.

Conclusion: The purpose of this study was to illustrate the meaning of Muslim nurses' EOL decision-making in the ICU and to affect nursing policy addressing EOL decision-making education in ICU settings.
Nyai Ontosoroh: a Female Hero and Her Resistance to Gender Injustice
Authors: Waluyo Budi , Purwasito Andrik , Warto Warto , Subiyantoro Slamet
Published: January 2022

Nyai Ontosoroh is a character in Pramudya Ananta Toer's novel Bumi Manusia, which depicts a woman's struggle against injustice in her life. R. Giryadi adapted Nyai Ontosoroh's struggle in this novel into a short drama titled "Nyai Ontosoroh." The plot of this drama revolves around Nyai Ontosoroh's opposition to her husband and the Dutch government, which wants to take over the company and custody of her child. A Javanese woman's resistance to the colonial government was courageous at the time. Despite being defeated, Nyai Ontosoroh had fought for his rights in a dignified manner. She deserved to be referred to as a "hero." The purpose of this study is to explain and describe the various forms of gender injustice against women in R. Giryadi's drama script "Nyai Ontosoroh." This study is descriptive qualitative in nature. It is tailored to the formulation of determined research problems. It is a qualitative study that is thoroughly and analytically described. Forms of gender injustice against women are described. The conclusion of this paper indicates that women in Indonesia continue to face numerous gender injustices. Women must fight for gender equality as they should.
Banjar Language Shifting in Ecolinguistics Perspective
Authors: Saputra Imam Hendra , Krismanti Ninuk , Lestary Agustina
Published: January 2022

The research attempts to examine language shifts that occur in the Banjar community using an ecolinguistics approach. The language shifts studied were limited to the vocabulary shift commonly used in the social interactions of everyday Banjar people. The data gathering was using interviewing and documentation techniques. Interviews are semi-structured interviews. The interview was on respondents spread across various cities in South Kalimantan, where the Banjar language is the language of community communication. Due to the pandemic, researchers enlisted the help of students in their respective hometowns to collect data with protocols that the research team had established. The data was the subject of reduction, organized by category of word classes and reasons for shifts, analysed based on the three-dimensional social theory of language praxis. The three practical social dimensions of language are the ideological, social, and biological dimensions. The research expects to be a reference for Banjar language participation efforts.
The English Influence on Japanese, Indonesian and Malang Slang Words: a Study of Wakamono Kotoba, Bahasa Gaul, and Slang Malang
Authors: Oktavia Suraida Nurul , Yulianti Vera
Published: January 2022

In the characteristics of the morphological formation of Japanese slang words (Wakamono Kotoba), Indonesian slang words (Bahasa Gaul), and Malang slang words (Slang Malang), there is a phenomenon of English influence. The purpose of this study is to examine the morphological characteristics of the English influence on Japanese slang words (Wakamono Kotoba), Indonesian slang words (Bahasa Gaul), and Malang slang words (Slang Malang). The data was collected from Twitter accounts which the users are native Japanese language, native Indonesian language, and native Malang language. The analysis was based on the classification of word-formation categories Akihiko Yonekawa (Yonekawa, 1998). The result of the study shows that the English influence on Japanese slang words is in the category of English borrowing and the combination of Japanese and English. Meanwhile, the English influence on Indonesian slang words and Malang slang words is only in the form of English borrowing.
Transferência de renda condicionada e o trabalho do cuidado: Uma análise do Programa Bolsa Família em 2019
Authors: Alves de Lima Germine Jéssica , Guimarães Peres Roberta
Published: January 2022

Os programas de transferência de renda condicionada têm como público-alvo famílias em situação de vulnerabilidade e são pagos preferivelmente às mulheres. A crítica feminista em relação a tais programas argumenta que, ao direcionar os benefícios às mulheres, papéis sociais baseados na Divisão Sexual do Trabalho são reforçados, o que gera uma sobrecarga feminina com o trabalho doméstico e do cuidado. Este artigo investiga a relação entre a titularidade feminina e o uso do tempo com o trabalho do cuidado, comparando mulheres e homens que recebem e que não recebem o benefício do Programa Bolsa Família. Para isso, foram analisados os dados disponíveis na Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua de 2019. Os resultados mostram que as mulheres beneficiárias que cuidam de crianças até 5 anos dispendem mais horas do que todos os outros grupos. Contudo, os homens beneficiários que cuidam de crianças nessa faixa etária despendem menos horas do que os beneficiários que não cuidam.
An Integrated Approach of Numerical Well Test for Well Intersecting Fractures Based on FMI Image
Authors: Jin Guodong , Xing Huilin , Li Tianbin , Zhang Rongxin , Liu Junbiao , Guo Zhiwei , Ma Zihan
Published: January 2022

Fluid flow is strongly affected by fractures in unconventional reservoirs. It is essential to deeply understand the flow characteristics with fractures for improving the production and efficiency of unconventional reservoir exploitation. The purpose of this work is to develop an accurate numerical model to evaluate the transient-pressure response for well intersecting fractures. The meshes generated from Fullbore Formation Micro-Imager (FMI) images ensure an efficient numerical description of the geometries for fractures and interlayers. The numerical simulation is implemented by an inhouse finite element method-based code and benchmarked with drill stem test (DST) data. The results show that three flow regimes appear in the reservoir with fractures within the test period: wellbore afterflow, pseudolinear flow, and radial flow. In contrast, only the wellbore afterflow and radial flow appear for the wells without fractures. The results also reveal that fractures dominate the flow near the wellbore. Verification and application of the model show the practicability of the integrated approach for investigating the transient-pressure behaviors in the unconventional reservoir.
Ni calco ni copia. Antología de la filosofía peruana contemporánea de Rubén Quiroz Ávila.
Authors: Barboza Tello Marco Léon Felipe
Published: January 2022

-
Geografia para todas as saúdes:
Authors: Simon Carolina , Borsoi Bruna
Published: January 2022

Este trabalho é fruto de discussões e aprendizados de duas pesquisadoras e de suas análises geográficas feministas. Tivemos como objetivo, discutir como a ciência geográfica, principalmente na área da saúde, necessita utilizar de metodologias feministas para compreender as iniquidades sociais, bem como os determinantes de saúdes, pois é a partir do olhar dessas teorias, como o conceito de interseccionalidade, que será passível de compreender as formas de opressão-dominação existentes na sociedade, pois é o alicerce do sistema patriarcal-capitalista-racista que determina desigualdades nos sujeitos sociais. Entendendo que para promovermos saúdes necessitamos dos feminismos, como luta, movimento social e metodologia, para que seja possível atingir o objetivo na busca de uma sociedade mais igualitária. Para isso, foram utilizados relatos orais, entrevistas e grupos focais realizadas pelas autoras nos trabalhos de monografia e dissertação de mestrado; o que contribui para a análise da interseccionalidades existentes entre as diferenças e semelhanças nas produções acadêmicas em que uma Geografia Feminista para a Saúde pode oferecer.
Reservoir Architecture Modeling at Sub-Seismic Scale for a Depleted Carbonate Reef Reservoir for CO2 Storage in Sarawak Basin, Offshore Malaysia
Authors: Cai Zhong , Widyanita Ana , Chidambaram Prasanna , Jones Ernest A
Published: January 2022

It is still a challenge to build a numerical static reservoir model, based on limited data, to characterize reservoir architecture that corresponds to the geological concept models. The numerical static reef reservoir model has been evolving from the oversimplified tank-like models, simple multi-layer models to the complex multi-layer models that are more realistic representations of complex reservoirs. A simple multi-layer model for the reef reservoir with proportional layering scheme was applied in the CO2 Storage Development Plan (SDP) study, as the most-likely scenario to match the geological complexity. Model refinement can be conducted during CO2 injection phase with Measurement, Monitoring and Verification (MMV) technologies for CO2 plume distribution tracking.

The selected reservoir is a Middle to Late Miocene carbonate reef complex, with three phases of reef growth: 1) basal transgressive phase, 2) lower buildup phase, and 3) upper buildup phase. Three chronostratigraphic surfaces were identified on 3D seismic reflection data as the zone boundaries, which were then divided into sub-zones and layers. Four layering methods were compared, which are ‘proportional’, ’follow top’, ‘follow base’ and ‘follow top with reference surface’. The proportional layering method was selected for the base case of the 3D static reservoir model and the others were used in the uncertainty analysis. Based on the results of uncertainty and risk assessment, a risk mitigation for CO2 injection operation were modeled and three CO2 injection well locations were optimized. The reservoir architecture model would be updated and refined by the difference between the modeled CO2 plume patterns and The MMV results in the future.
First Successful Application of Multi-Stage Proppant Fracturing on Horizontal Well in Carbonate Reservoirs in Iraq
Authors: Zhu Dawei , Cui Mingyue , Chen Yandong , Wang Yongli , Ding Yunhong , Xiong Chunming , Liang Chong , Yao Fei , Wang Xiaoyong , Cai Wenxin , He Yanhui , Ling Zongfa , Wang Dayong
Published: January 2022

The carbonate reservoir S is a giant limestone reservoir in H Oilfield, Iraq. Although the reserves account for 25%, the production contribution is only 0.4% to the total oilfield production due to poor petrophysical properties. Accordingly, the first proppant fracturing on vertical well was successfully executed in December 2016, which has already achieved a steady production period over than 3 years. In order to further improve the productivity, the first multi-stage proppant fracturing(MSPF) on horizontal well(SH01X) was successfully applied in November 2019, a technique which is rarely reported for porous limestone reservoir in the Middle East.

Proppant fracturing in carbonate reservoirs is a technique difficulty worldwide, especially this is a lack of experiences in the Middle East. To ensure the success of this campaign, a holistic technical study including geology evaluation, reservoir performance analysis, drilling trajectory design, completion and fracturing technique design have been carried out based on principle of "geology-engineering integration". This paper will present a comprehensive illustration including treatment design (main completion-fracturing technique, total scale, fracturing fluid, proppant), job execution (mini-frac, main-frac) and post-frac production performance for this successful campaign.

True vertical depth (TVD) of Well SH01X is 2720 m and the horizontal section length is 811 m. Based on the main technique of multi-stage proppant fracturing with open hole packers and sliding sleeves, totally 3784.3 m3 fracturing fluid and 452 m3 proppant were pumped in 8 stages. The test production was 3214 BOPD (choke size: 40/64", wellhead pressure: 970 psi). A historical breakthrough in the productivity of S reservoir has been achieved by the campaign. The post-frac evaluation shows that the treatment parameters are consistent with the design. The connectivity between artificial fractures and formation is greatly improved, and the stimulation effect is significant. Currently the "production under controlled pressure" mode has been executed and the stable production under stimulation target rate has been maintained. The systematic "geology-engineering integration" workflow is of significance to the success of the treatment as well as the stimulation effect.

MSPF is planned to be a game-changing technique to develop the huge reserves of S reservoir. The experience gained from this case could provide theoretical as well as practical references for similar reservoirs in the Middle East.
Multiplexed and flexible neural coding in sensory, parietal, and frontal cortices during goal-directed virtual navigation
Authors: Noel Jean-Paul , Balzani Edoardo , Avila Eric , Lakshminarasimhan Kaushik , Bruni Stefania , Alefantis Panos , Savin Cristina , Angelaki Dora
Published: January 2022

We do not understand how neural nodes operate within the recurrent action-perception loops that characterize naturalistic self-environment interactions, nor how brain networks reconfigure during changing computational demands. Here, we record local field potentials (LFPs) and spiking activity simultaneously from the dorsomedial superior temporal area (MSTd), parietal area 7a, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) as monkeys navigate in virtual reality to “catch fireflies”. This task requires animals to actively sample from a closed-loop visual environment while concurrently computing latent variables: the evolving distance and angle to a memorized firefly. We observed mixed selectivity in all areas, with even a traditionally sensory area (MSTd) tracking latent variables. Strikingly, global encoding profiles and unit-to-unit coupling suggested a functional subnetwork between MSTd and dlPFC, and not between these areas and 7a, as anatomy would suggest. When sensory evidence was rendered scarce, lateral connectivity through neuron-to-neuron coupling within MSTd strengthened but its pattern remained fixed, while neuronal coupling adaptively remapped within 7a and dlPFC. The larger the remapping in 7a/dlPFC and the greater the stability within MSTd, the less was behavior impacted by loss of sensory evidence. These results highlight the distributed nature of neural coding during closed-loop action-perception naturalistic behaviors and suggest internal models may be housed in the pattern of fine-grain lateral connectivity within parietal and frontal cortices.
Assessing patient experience and attitude: BSC-PATIENT development, translation, and psychometric evaluation - a cross-sectional study
Authors: Amer Faten , Hammoud Sahar , Onchonga David , Alkaiyat Abdulsalam , Nour Abdulnaser , Boncz Imre , Endrei Dóra
Published: January 2022

Background
Improving the healthcare sector in Palestinian territories is challenging. Organizations frequently use the balanced scorecard (BSC) for performance evaluation (PE) worldwide. BSC includes an evaluation of five perspectives: financial, customer, internal process, knowledge and innovation, and environmental. Most HealthCare Organizations (HCO) evaluated patient satisfaction in BSC, but none considered engaging patients in the evaluation process. This paper aims to develop an instrument to engage patients in assessing BSC perspectives (BSC-PATIENT) and customize it for Palestinian hospitals.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional study. Two panels of experts participated in the item generation of BSC-PATIENT. Forward and backward translation processes from English to Arabic and vice versa were performed. Pretesting was performed for 30 patients at one hospital. Then, 1000 patients were recruited at 14 hospitals between January and October 2021. Construct validity was tested through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Additionally, the composite reliability (CR), interitem correlation (IIC), and corrected item total correlation (CITC) were assessed to find redundant and low correlated items.
Results
The scales had high adequate model fit in EFA and CFA. All items included had loadings higher than 0.50. Although the convergent validity was less than 0.50 for some constructs, their discriminant validity, CR, IIC, and CITC showed satisfactory results except the services experience (SERV EXR) construct, which had a CR of 0.50. The final best fit model in CFA comprised ten constructs with 34 items.
Conclusion
BSC-PATIENT is the first self-administered questionnaire specially developed to engage patients in evaluating their experiences and attitudes based on the BSC perspectives. The questionnaire scales were carried out following relevant guidelines and regulations. The results showed adequacy in the psychometric properties of this instrument. Three-point Likert scales are recommended to assess patient experiences and attitudes since they have higher response rates. Future research can be conducted using this instrument to evaluate the impact of patient experience on attitudes toward BSC perspectives and compare the differences based on patient and hospital characteristics.
Qualitative Interviews Exploring the Views of Healthcare Professionals Working in a Mental Health Trust in England on Pharmacists as Future Approved Clinicians
Authors: Adam Balazs , Keers Richard
Published: January 2022

BackgroundThe Mental Health Act 1983 was amended in 2007 introducing the role of the Approved Clinician (AC) which could be assumed by individuals from several professional groups. Although the role of mental health pharmacists have undergone significant transformation over the past few decades, pharmacists remain ineligible to train and practise as an AC. There is a paucity of research on non-medical ACs and there are currently no known studies exploring the potential of mental health pharmacists to be considered for the role of AC in future.AimThis qualitative research explored the views and attitudes of a range of healthcare professionals towards the role of the mental health pharmacist, and whether they could and/or should be enabled, via a legislative change, to become ACs in the future.MethodRecruitment based on systematic purposive sampling principles took place at one mental health trust in England. Six pharmacists, five medical ACs and two experienced mental health nurses participated in digitally audio-recorded semi-structured interviews between June-November 2020. The recordings were transcribed verbatim before being inductively coded and thematically analysed.ResultsNotwithstanding the wide recognition among participants of several key skills possessed by mental health pharmacists, various obstacles were also identified to their becoming ACs in future, including prevalent conventional models of pharmacy services delivery restricting adequate patient access, as well as insufficient training opportunities to acquire advanced clinical skills particularly in diagnosis and assessment. Participants also highlighted wider concerns with current uptake of the non-medical AC role which could influence the success of pharmacists’ involvement, including legislative restrictions and a lack of perceived training support.ConclusionChanges to the skill mix within multidisciplinary mental health teams as well as to the training of staff may be required to equip pharmacists with essential skills to be able to transition towards the AC role. Further research is required to gain a better understanding of the challenges facing the clinical development and enhanced utilisation of highly specialised mental health pharmacists across services.
Evaluation of CMIP6 Climate Models for Climate Change Impact Assessments in Upper Awash Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebresellase Selamawit Haftu , Wu Zhiyong , Xu Huating , Wada Idris Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Identifying GCMs that represent the climate of a specific area is crucial for climate change studies. However, the uncertainties in GCMs caused by computational constraints, such as coarser resolution, physical parameterizations, initializations, and model structures, make it imperative to identify a representative individual or group of GCM for a climate impact study. An advanced envelope-based multi-criteria selection approach was used to identify a subset of the most appropriate future GCMs in the Upper Awash Basin. The skill accounting is based on (1) the range of projected mean changes of climate variables, (2) range of variability in climate extremes and, (3) model run performance to represent historical climate data. Statistical downscaling and bias correction were made for the selected model runs. The downscaled and bias-corrected monthly values for precipitation are expected to increase from 0.42% to 2.82% in mid-century and 0.15% to 3.79% by the end century considering the SSP4.5 scenario. For SSP8.5, it increases from 1.45% to 5.51% and 2.57% to 9.78% in the respective periods. Likewise, under the SSP4.5 forcing scenario, the monthly average air temperature projected to be warmer, which increased from 0.68°C to 1.55°C during mid-century and 0.09°C to 1.92°C end-of-century. Meanwhile, for SSP8.5, the projection indicates an increment of 0.19°C to 1.98°C under mid-century and 2.37°C to 7.00°C end-century. The projected change of future precipitation and temperature in the study basin increases the precipitation intensities, wet days and dry spells due to high-temperature increment.
The COVID-19 Hospitalization Metric in the Pre- and Post-vaccination Eras as a Measure of Pandemic Severity: A Retrospective, Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Fillmore Nathanael , La Jennifer , Zheng Chunlei , Doron Shira , Do Nhan , Monach Paul , Branch-Elliman Westyn
Published: January 2022

Background: COVID-19 hospitalization definitions do not include a disease severity assessment. Thus, we sought to identify a simple and objective mechanism for identifying hospitalized severe cases and to measure the impact of vaccination on trends.Methods: All admissions to a Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital, where routine screening is recommended, between 3/1/2020-11/22/2021 with SARS-CoV-2 were included. Moderate-to-severe COVID-19 was defined as any oxygen supplementation or any SpO2 <94% between one day before and two weeks after the positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Admissions with moderate-to-severe disease were divided by the total number of admissions, and the proportion of admissions with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 was modelled using a penalized spline in a Poisson regression and stratified by vaccination status. Dexamethasone receipt and its correlation with moderate-to-severe cases was also assessed. Results: Among 67,025 admissions with SARS-CoV-2, the proportion with hypoxemia or supplemental oxygen fell from 64% prior to vaccine availability to 56% by November 2021, driven in part by lower rates in vaccinated patients (vaccinated, 52% versus unvaccinated, 58%). The proportion of cases of moderate-to-severe disease identified using SpO2 levels and oxygen supplementation was highly correlated with dexamethasone receipt (correlation coefficient, 0.95), and increased after 7/1/2021, concurrent with delta variant predominance.Conclusions: A simple and objective definition of COVID-19 hospitalizations using SpO2 levels and oxygen supplementation can be used to track pandemic severity. This metric could be used to identify risk factors for severe breakthrough infections, to guide clinical treatment algorithms, and to detect trends in changes in vaccine effectiveness over time and against new variants.
Perennial Flax: A Potential Cut Flower Crop
Authors: Tork David G. , Anderson Neil O. , Wyse Donald L. , Betts Kevin J.
Published: January 2022

The genus Linum L. contains ≈200 primarily blue-flowered species, including several ornamentals, yet no reports exist regarding the cut flower potential of this genus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cut flower potential of perennial flax cultivars (L. perenne L. ‘Blue Flax’ and ‘Sapphire’; Expt. 1, 2018) and accessions (L. austriacum L., L. lewisii Pursh., and L. perenne; Expt. 2, 2019), and record traits that will enable breeding and selection for improved cut flower performance. The mean vase life across both cultivars in Expt. 1 was 9.2 days. In Expt. 2, L. perenne had the longest average vase life (9.3 days), followed by L. austriacum (9.1 days) and L. lewisii (8.3 days). The floral preservative (Floralife 300) significantly increased vase life by an average of 1.7 days in Expt. 1, and 1.6 days in Expt. 2, and resulted in a significantly greater number of flowers (≈2x) in both experiments. Significant variation was observed among genotypes for most traits, including vase life (6.2 to 11.3 days) and number of flowers (1.3 to 10.5), highlighting the opportunities for improving the potential of cut flower perennial flax through breeding.
Planting in Metallized Reflective Mulch Did Not Significantly Benefit Development of New Hybrid Citrus Seedlings
Authors: Stover Ed , Mayo Stephen , Driggers Randall , Adair Robert C.
Published: January 2022

The U.S. Department of Agriculture citrus scion breeding program is urgently working on developing huanglongbing (HLB; pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus)-tolerant cultivars with excellent fruit quality and productivity when HLB-affected. The slow process of assessing new citrus hybrids is a major impediment to delivery of these much-needed cultivars. We generate thousands of hybrids each year, germinate the seedlings, grow them for 2 years in the greenhouse, plant them at high density in a field where the disease HLB is abundant, grow them for 5 to 10 years, and make selections based on tree performance and fruit quality of these HLB-affected trees. Based on promising reports of accelerated citrus growth when grown in a metallized reflective mulch (MRM) system, we tested the hypothesis that the MRM system may accelerate growth and selection of new hybrid seedlings compared with conventional soil culture (CSC). In the MRM system, tree rows are covered with a layer of metallized plastic film and drip irrigation is installed beneath the plastic. In 2 years of analysis, tree canopy volume was significantly greater with MRM in 2020 (27% greater than CSC) but not in 2021, and MRM tree height was greater in 2021 (7% greater than CSC). Mortality was significantly greater with MRM in both 2020 and 2021(in 2021: 32% vs. 17% under CSC), and MRM trees had more chlorotic leaves. Because of staff limitations, plant debris and soil were not routinely cleared from MRM, thus diminishing any benefit from the reflective surface. Better maintenance might have resulted in more sustained evidence of MRM growth benefits. With the current resource availability, the MRM system does not appear to accelerate the assessment of hybrid seedling trees.
02 Mart 2017 Adıyaman-Samsat Depremi (Ml=5.7) Artçı Şokları Kullanılarak Deprem İstatistiği Parametrelerinin Analizi ve Bölgesel Değişimleri
Authors: HOSKAN Nihan
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışmada 02 Mart 2017 Adıyaman-Samsat Depremi (Ml=5.7) sonrasında meydana gelen artçı sarsıntılar kullanılarak b-değeri ve artçı deprem azalım parametresi p-değerinin istatistiksel analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kandilli Rasathanesi ve Deprem Araştırma Enstitüsü (KOERI) ile Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı (AFAD) kataloglarından derlenmiş 1345 artçı şok, yerel büyüklük Ml'ye göre derlenmiştir. Sonrasında, kayan pencereleme yöntemi ile tamlık magnitüdü Mc=1.6 elde edilmiş, en büyük olasılık yöntemi kullanılarak tüm bölge için ortalama b-değeri 0.768±0.03 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu değer, tektonik depremlerde b için beklenen 1'e yakındır ve Gutenberg-Richter bağıntısı ile uyumludur. Geliştirilmiş Omori yasası ile tüm bölge için p=0.91±0.05 c=0.041±0.030 ve K=25.6±3.21 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Kabuk heterojenitesi, ısı akısı ve tektonik deformasyonla ilgili olabileceği düşünülen p-değerinin 1'den küçük olması artçı şok azalım oranının nispeten yavaş olduğunu yansıtmaktadır. b- ve p-parametrelerinin bölgesel değişim haritaları 0.01O x 0.01O grid aralığı ve her düğüm noktasına 450 deprem alınarak hazırlanmıştır. b-değeri 02 Mart 2017 (Ml=5.7) depreminin kuzeydoğu-güneybatı hattında yüksek ve bu depremin güney-güneydoğusunda düşük değer almıştır. Düşük b-değerinin yanında bölgede 24 Nisan 2018 (Ml=5.4) depreminin meydana gelmesi, bölgesel gerilmenin arttığının habercisi olabilir. p-değerinin bölgesel değişimi incelendiğinde, yüksek p-değeri Adıyaman-Samsat depreminin kuzey-kuzeydoğusundadır ve literatürde verilen InSAR haritasındaki deformasyon bölgesi ile hemen hemen uyumludur.
Küresel Atmosferik Salınımların Büyük Menderes ve Gediz Akarsularının Akımları Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: KEBAPÇIOĞLU Emre , PARTAL Turgay
Published: January 2022

Son zamanlarda yapılan çalışmalar küresel atmosferik salınımların iklim parametreleri üzerinde etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, Kuzey Atlantik Salınımı (NAO), Arktik Salınım (AO) ve Güneyli Salınımı (SO) gibi küresel atmosferik salınımları ile Büyük Menderes ve Gediz akımları arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi için yapılmıştır. Büyük Menderes ve Gediz havzalarında bulunan 1970-2015 yılları arasındaki 45 yıllık dönemde ölçümleri Devlet Su İşleri (DSİ) tarafından yapılan 5 akım istasyonundaki yıllık ve mevsimlik ortalama akımlar incelenmiştir. Daha sonra, NAO, AO ve SO indeksleri ile yıllık ve mevsimsel akımlar arasındaki ilişki korelasyon analizi ile belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, istenilen sayıda periyodik bileşenler elde edebilmek için orijinal akım verileri ayrık dalgacık dönüşümü ile bileşenlerine ayrılmıştır. Bulunan dalgacık bileşenleri (D1, D2, D3, D4 ve A) ile atmosferik indeksler arasındaki korelasyonlar incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, akımlar ile AO/NAO indeksleri arasında yıllık, kış ve ilkbahar periyotlarında güçlü bir negatif korelasyon vardır. Ayrıca dalgacık periyodik bileşenleri, küresel atmosferik salınımların akım verileri ile ilişkisinin temel faktörlerini göstermiştir.
Carta editorial
Authors: Calabrese Claudio , Galindo Cruz Pablo
Published: January 2022

Carta editorial
Agaricoid and boletoid fungi of Russia: the modern country-scale checklist of scientific names based on literature data
Authors: Bolshakov Sergey , Kalinina Lyudmila , Palomozhnykh Ekaterina , Potapov Kim , Ageyev Dmitry , Arslanov Salavat , Filippova Nina , Palamarchuk Marina , Tomchin Dmitry , Voronina Elena
Published: January 2022

The authors of this paper summarize the majority of published data on the distribution of agaricoid and boletoid fungi recorded in Russia, covering the period from 1824 through 2020. A comprehensive list of 6867 scientific names based on 954 publications was compiled for the first time for the whole territory of Russia. All records have been checked through Index Fungorum. The work consists of a review section and five appendices. The review section discusses the intensity of field research and accumulation of data on the distribution of agaricoid and boletoid fungi in Russia, both historically and in its current state. The authors discuss the current state of knowledge on the biodiversity of regions of Russia and point out blank spots, thus providing a reference and an “action plan” for the future. Appendix A presents a list of 6142 taxa unambiguously ascribed to 3246 accepted current names. Appendix B contains 727 names that cannot be ascribed to any accepted current names unequivocally, with reasons given (e.g., no current name, wrong authors’ citations, absence from Index Fungorum). Names from both checklists are supplemented with data on the distribution of these taxa within the Russian Federation and references to published records. Appendix C contains a list of accepted current names reported from only one region. Appendix D is an overview of the nearly 200 years of research of agaricoid and boletoid fungi for all regions of Russia. Appendix E is a list of references used for checklists and study history preparation.
Meta-analysis of the Effectiveness of Steroid Pulse Therapy in Treating Patients with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Kim Sanghee
Published: January 2022

Background:

High-dose steroid injection therapy is effective in reducing anti-inflammation and edema and is often used to treat patients with acute spinal cord injury. To evaluate the effectiveness of steroid pulse therapy and identify the factors that affect its effectiveness in patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature search of the databases Pubmed, Medline, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, and CINAHL was performed on July 31, 2019, with no language and time limits. For analysis, studies conducted within the last 10 years were included to reflect on the recent trend.

Results:

A total of 3 randomized controlled trials and 5 observational studies with 2418 patients were included in this meta-analysis. High-dose steroid injection therapy was found to have a high effect on patients with acute spinal cord injury. The following factors had a strong influence on the effectiveness of high-dose steroid treatment in patients with acute spinal cord injuries: injury, onset ASIA, onset neurological assessment scales, time to start treatment after injury, age, BMI, and gender.

Conclusion:

It is necessary to accurately assess the scope of spinal injury in the early stages and actively provide nursing interventions to identify and mediate factors affecting the treatment effect.
Effects of the Phytochemical Combination PB123 on Nrf2 Activation, Gene Expression, and the Cholesterol Pathway in HepG2 Cells
Authors:   Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, Hybertson Brooks M. ,   Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, Gao Bifeng ,   Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO 80045, USA,   Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, McCord Joe M. ,   Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO 80045, USA,   Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
Published: January 2022

There has been a long history of human usage of the biologically-active phytochemicals in Salvia rosmarinus, Zingiber officinale, and Sophora japonica for health purposes, and we recently reported on a combination of those plant materials as the PB123 dietary supplement. In the present work we extended those studies to evaluate activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor and differential gene expression in cultured HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) cells treated with PB123. We determined transcriptome changes using mRNA-seq methods, and analyzed the affected pathways using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and BioJupies, indicating that primary effects included increasing the Nrf2 pathway and decreasing the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Pretreatment of cultured HepG2 cells with PB123 upregulated Nrf2-dependent cytoprotective genes and increased cellular defenses against cumene hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress. In contrast, pretreatment of cultured HepG2 cells with PB123 downregulated cholesterol biosynthesis genes and decreased cellular cholesterol levels. These findings support the possible beneficial effects of PB123 as a healthspan-promoting dietary supplement.