bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tissue and plasma levels of galectins in patients with high grade serous ovarian carcinoma as new predictive biomarkers
Authors: Labrie Marilyne , De Araujo Lorenna Oliveira Fernandes , Communal Laudine , Mes-Masson Anne-Marie , St-Pierre Yves
Published: October 2017

Galectins are moving closer to center stage in detecting glycosylation aberration in cancer cells. Here, we have investigated the expression of galectins in ovarian cancer (OC) and examined their potential as biomarkers in tissues and blood plasma samples of high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) patients. In tissues, we found that increased protein expression of stromal gal-1 and epithelial gal-8/9 was associated with a poor response to treatment of HGSC patients. Gal-8/9 were both independent predictors of chemoresistance and overall survival (OS), respectively. This galectin signature increased the predictive value of the cancer antigen 125 (CA125) on 5-year disease-free survival (DFS), post-chemotherapy treatment and 5-year OS. In CA125LOW patients, epithelial gal-9 was associated with a lower 5-year OS while stromal gal-1 and epithelial gal-8 were both associated with a lower 5-year DFS. Such negative predictive value of gal-8 and gal-9 was also found using plasma samples. In both cases, high plasma levels of gal-8 and gal-9 was associated with a lower OS and DFS. Overall, these data suggest that galectins may be promising biomarkers to identify subgroups of HGSC patients with poorer prognosis. Our study also contributes to better define the heterogeneity of the disease.
Clustergrammer, a web-based heatmap visualization and analysis tool for high-dimensional biological data
Authors: Fernandez Nicolas F. , Gundersen Gregory W. , Rahman Adeeb , Grimes Mark L. , Rikova Klarisa , Hornbeck Peter , Ma’ayan Avi
Published: October 2017

Most tools developed to visualize hierarchically clustered heatmaps generate static images. Clustergrammer is a web-based visualization tool with interactive features such as: zooming, panning, filtering, reordering, sharing, performing enrichment analysis, and providing dynamic gene annotations. Clustergrammer can be used to generate shareable interactive visualizations by uploading a data table to a web-site, or by embedding Clustergrammer in Jupyter Notebooks. The Clustergrammer core libraries can also be used as a toolkit by developers to generate visualizations within their own applications. Clustergrammer is demonstrated using gene expression data from the cancer cell line encyclopedia (CCLE), original post-translational modification data collected from lung cancer cells lines by a mass spectrometry approach, and original cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) single-cell proteomics data from blood. Clustergrammer enables producing interactive web based visualizations for the analysis of diverse biological data.
Direct comparison of derivatization strategies for LC-MS/MS analysis ofN-glycans
Authors: Zhou Shiyue , Veillon Lucas , Dong Xue , Huang Yifan , Mechref Yehia
Published: October 2017

Protein glycosylation is a common post-translational modification that has significant impacts on protein folding, lifespan, conformation, distribution and function.
Histological coherent Raman imaging: a prognostic review
Authors: Cicerone Marcus T. , Camp Charles H.
Published: October 2017

Coherent Raman imaging provides information that could be key to improving analysis of tissues for cancer diagnosis.
Facile synthesis of a SiOx/asphalt membrane for high performance lithium-ion battery anodes
Authors: Xu Quan , Sun Jian-Kun , Li Ge , Li Jin-Yi , Yin Ya-Xia , Guo Yu-Guo
Published: October 2017

A demulsification process is tactfully utilized to fabricate SiOx/C materials with excellent electrochemical performances at low-cost and high manufacturing efficiency.
A C-HCR assembly of branched DNA nanostructures for amplified uracil-DNA glycosylase assays
Authors: Wang Jing , Pan Min , Wei Jie , Liu Xiaoqing , Wang Fuan
Published: October 2017

The amplified and selective detection of uracil-DNA glycosylase was enabled by a two-layered cascaded hybridization chain reaction machinery.
Complex multiblock bottle-brush architectures by RAFT polymerization
Authors: Kerr Andrew , Hartlieb Matthias , Sanchis Joaquin , Smith Timothy , Perrier Sébastien
Published: October 2017

The combination of the reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization R-group grafting from approach and RAFT one-pot acrylamide multiblock methodology is used to synthesise complex bottle-brush architectures.
Palladium-catalyzed denitrogenative functionalizations of benzotriazoles with alkenes and 1,3-dienes
Authors: Wang Yuanhao , Li Yuanhe , Fan Yijun , Wang Zhiguo , Tang Yefeng
Published: October 2017

Pd-Catalyzed denitrogenative functionalizations of benzotriazoles with alkenes and 1,3-dienes have been developed, which enable the rapid access of diverseortho-amino styrenes and 2-vinylindolines, respectively.
Salt-induced thermochromism of a conjugated polyelectrolyte
Authors: Peterhans Lisa , Alloa Elisa , Sheima Yauhen , Vannay Laurent , Leclerc Mario , Corminboeuf Clémence , Hayes Sophia C. , Banerji Natalie
Published: October 2017

We report here the photophysical properties of a water-soluble polythiophene with cationic side-chains in PBS buffer solution.
A detailed experimental and theoretical investigation of the role of cyano groups in the π-bridged acceptor of sensitizers for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs)
Authors: Xu Qinqin , Yang Guang , Ren Yu , Lu Futai , Zhang Nuonuo , Qamar Muhammad , Yang Manlin , Zhang Bao , Feng Yaqing
Published: October 2017

Porphyrin sensitizers LX1, LX2 and LX3 were synthesized for use in DSCs and their electronic properties with TiO2 were investigated in detail using theoretical calculations.
At the crossroad of photochemistry and radiation chemistry: formation of hydroxyl radicals in diluted aqueous solutions exposed to ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Tomanová Kateřina , Precek Martin , Múčka Viliam , Vyšín Luděk , Juha Libor , Čuba Václav
Published: October 2017

We provide evidence on the formation of ˙OH radicals via 253.7 nm photolysis of aqueous solutions, determine their quantum yields, and apply the knowledge to photo-induced formation of phospholipid hydroperoxides.
Substitution pattern on anthrol carbaldehydes: excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) with a lack of phototautomer fluorescence
Authors: Chaiwongwattana S. , Škalamera Đ. , Došlić N. , Bohne C. , Basarić N.
Published: October 2017

Experiments and computations reveal that 1,2-disubstituted anthrol carbaldehydes are not ESIPT reactive, whereas 2,3-disubstituted anthrols undergo efficient barrierless ultrafast ESIPT, where the typical dual emission from locally excited states and tautomers was not observed.
A multidonor–photosensitizer–multiacceptor triad for long-lived directional charge separation
Authors: Schlotthauer Tina , Schroot Robert , Glover Starla , Hammarström Leif , Jäger Michael , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: October 2017

A modular chemistry-on-the complex strategy was applied to assemble a defined block-copolymer-type architecture. After selective excitation of the central photosensitizer unit, charge separation up to several microseconds was observed between the discrete donor and acceptor chains.
Quantitative DFT modeling of product concentration in organometallic reactions: Cu-mediated pentafluoroethylation of benzoic acid chlorides as a case study
Authors: Jover Jesús
Published: October 2017

DFT screening and subsequent calculations quantitatively reproduce the final product concentration for the pentafluoroethylation of benzoic acid chlorides.
The low-temperature dynamic crossover in the dielectric relaxation of ice Ih
Authors: Popov Ivan , Lunev Ivan , Khamzin Airat , Greenbaum (Gutina) Anna , Gusev Yuri , Feldman Yuri
Published: October 2017

Based on the idea of defect migration as the principal mechanism in the dielectric relaxation of ice Ih, the concept of low-temperature dynamic crossover was proposed.
N-Functionalized MXenes: ultrahigh carrier mobility and multifunctional properties
Authors: Shao Yangfan , Zhang Fang , Shi Xingqiang , Pan Hui
Published: October 2017

Two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have demonstrated huge potential in wide applications from nanodevices to energy harvesting/storage.
Spin labelling for integrative structure modelling: a case study of the polypyrimidine-tract binding protein 1 domains in complexes with short RNAs
Authors: Gmeiner Christoph , Dorn Georg , Allain Frédéric H. T. , Jeschke Gunnar , Yulikov Maxim
Published: October 2017

Protein and RNA labeling sites as well as five different spin label types were evaluated, with respect to their use in EPR/NMR combined structure determination approach.
Cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes incorporating a photoactive anthracene-based ligand: syntheses, crystal structures and luminescence switching by light irradiation
Authors: Gao Tai-Bao , Qu Zhong-Ze , Tang Zhe , Cao Deng-Ke
Published: October 2017

Compound aip and its Ir(iii) complexes [Ir(dfppy)2(aip)](PF6) (1) and [Ir(ppy)2(aip)](PF6) (2) show light-irradiation-induced luminescence switching behaviors.
Dinuclear nitrido-bridged ruthenium complexes bearing diimine ligands
Authors: Urgiles Julie , Nathan Sarah R. , MacMillan Samantha N. , Wilson Justin J.
Published: October 2017

Nitrido-bridged ruthenium complexes are synthesized via ligand substitution reactions and evaluated for mitochondrial calcium uptake inhibition.
Water-stable [Ni(salen)]-type electrode material based on phenylazosubstituted salicylic aldehyde imine ligand
Authors: Vereschagin Anatoly A. , Sizov Vladimir V. , Vlasov Petr S. , Alekseeva Elena V. , Konev Alexander S. , Levin Oleg V.
Published: October 2017

We have synthesized a new water-stable [Ni(salen)]-type electrode material, which was found to be a stacked polymer due to the presence of substituents, preventing oxidative coupling of the phenyl rings.
Organic salt-derived nitrogen-rich, hierarchical porous carbon for ultrafast supercapacitors
Authors: Hu Longfeng , Ma Li , Zhu Qizhen , Yu Lanyong , Wu Qi , Hu Chen , Qiao Ning , Xu Bin
Published: October 2017

Nitrogen-rich, high surface area, hierarchical porous carbons were simply prepared by the pyrolysis of a nitrogen-containing organic salt, and exhibit excellent rate capability in supercapacitors.
Asynchronous cracking with dissimilar paths in multilayer graphene
Authors: Jang Bongkyun , Kim Byungwoon , Kim Jae-Hyun , Lee Hak-Joo , Sumigawa Takashi , Kitamura Takayuki
Published: October 2017

Multilayer graphene consists of a stack of single-atomic-thick monolayer graphene sheets bound with π–π interactions and is a fascinating model material opening up a new field of fracture mechanics.
Distance dependent photoacoustics revealed through DNA nanostructures
Authors: Joseph James , Baumann Kevin N. , Koehler Philipp , Zuehlsdorff Tim J. , Cole Daniel J. , Weber Judith , Bohndiek Sarah E. , Hernández-Ainsa Silvia
Published: October 2017

Photoacoustic enhancement in a distance controlled fashion has been demonstrated through the precise decoration of DNA helices with NIR fluorophore–quencher pairs.
Wide-spectral/dynamic-range skin-compatible phototransistors enabled by floated heterojunction structures with surface functionalized SWCNTs and amorphous oxide semiconductors
Authors: Hwang Insik , Kim Jaehyun , Lee Minkyung , Lee Min-Wook , Kim Hee-Joong , Kwon Hyuck-In , Hwang Do Kyung , Kim Myunggil , Yoon Haeyoung , Kim Yong-Hoon , Park Sung Kyu
Published: October 2017

Skin-like sc-SWCNT/a-IGZO hybrid phototransistors showed high photosensitivity and mechanical stability.
A diversity oriented synthesis of natural product inspired molecular libraries
Authors: Chauhan Jyoti , Luthra Tania , Gundla Rambabu , Ferraro Antonio , Holzgrabe Ulrike , Sen Subhabrata
Published: October 2017

Diversity oriented synthesis of natural product inspired compounds from S-tryptophan methyl ester.
N-Acylsuccinimides: twist-controlled, acyl-transfer reagents in Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling by N–C amide bond activation
Authors: Osumi Yuki , Liu Chengwei , Szostak Michal
Published: October 2017

The palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of N-acylsuccinimides as versatile acyl-transfer reagents via selective amide N–C bond cleavage is reported.
Decoding glycan protein interactions by a new class of asymmetric N-glycans
Authors: Wu Zhigang , Liu Yunpeng , Li Lei , Wan Xiu-Feng , Zhu He , Guo Yuxi , Wei Mohui , Guan Wanyi , Wang Peng George
Published: October 2017

AsymmetricN-glycans were synthesized by using EndoM N175Q. Branch-biased binding and spacial inhibition caused by the bulky group on the other branch were observed in glycan protein interactions.
Bifunctional catalyst Pd–Al-MCM-41 for efficient dimerization–hydrogenation of β-pinene in one pot
Authors: Zhang Song , Xu Chao , Zhai Guoqing , Zhao Mingliang , Xian Mo , Jia Yuxiang , Yu Zongjiang , Liu Fusheng , Jian Fangfang , Sun Weizhi
Published: October 2017

A new type of bimetallic palladium and aluminum incorporated mobile crystalline materials (Pd–Al-MCM-41) as bifunctional catalysts has been hydrothermally synthesized.
Surface treatment of halloysite nanotubes with sol–gel reaction for the preparation of epoxy composites
Authors: Kim Taehee , Kim Suhyun , Lee Dong Koo , Seo Bongkuk , Lim Choong-Sun
Published: October 2017

Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are naturally occurring aluminosilicates that have received attention for their high aspect ratio and low cost, which makes them suitable for commercial applications.
Selective electrochemical CO2 reduction to CO using in situ reduced In2O3 nanocatalysts
Authors: Shaughnessy Charles I. , Jantz Dylan T. , Leonard Kevin C.
Published: October 2017

The electrochemically-formed In0–In2O3 composite changes the selectivity of CO2 reduction on In from formate to CO at relatively low overpotentials.
Facile synthesis and the exploration of the zinc storage mechanism of β-MnO2 nanorods with exposed (101) planes as a novel cathode material for high performance eco-friendly zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Islam Saiful , Alfaruqi Muhammad Hilmy , Mathew Vinod , Song Jinju , Kim Sungjin , Kim Seokhun , Jo Jeonggeun , Baboo Joseph Paul , Pham Duong Tung , Putro Dimas Yunianto , Sun Yang-Kook , Kim Jaekook
Published: October 2017

Novel β-MnO2 nanorods with exposed (101) planes demonstrated high performance in Zn-ion cells.
Wet-spinning of ternary synergistic coaxial fibers for high performance yarn supercapacitors
Authors: Cai Shengying , Huang Tieqi , Chen Hao , Salman Muhammad , Gopalsamy Karthikeyan , Gao Chao
Published: October 2017

Ternary synergistic coaxial fibers for high performance yarn supercapacitors are fabricated by coaxial wet-spinning technology.
Data‐driven car‐following model based on rough set theory
Authors: Hao Shenxue , Yang Licai , Shi Yunfeng
Published: October 2017

The car‐following model is an important micro‐traffic model for simulating car‐following behaviour in traffic engineering and research studies. Conventional car‐following models are always presented using mathematical equations reflecting ideal traffic conditions. In the big data era, data‐driven models become a popular trend. In this study, a data‐driven car‐following model based on the rough set theory is proposed to consider information hidden in a field data set. On the basis of field data obtained from measurement devices such as the next generation simulation (NGSIM) trajectory data set, and using the methods of the rough set theory, an optimal decision rule set is established. Redundant attributes and redundant attribute values are removed for simplifying the car‐following behaviour decision problem. Attribute significance and weights are computed for selecting matching rules. A car‐following behaviour decision algorithm is designed to choose appropriate rules to determine the follower's velocity according to current observations. Simulations illustrate that the proposed data‐driven car‐following model can simulate the micro‐traffic behaviour of followers well.
SVC damping controller design based on novel modified fruit fly optimisation algorithm
Authors: Zhang Kaoshe , Shi Zhaodi , Huang Yuehui , Qiu Chengjian , Yang Shuo
Published: October 2017

Existing reactive power systems do not readily provide support or anti‐disturbance capabilities. This study was conducted to explore the predisposing factor and suppression measures of low‐frequency oscillation in large‐scale wind power cluster systems by establishing a wind farm cluster mode with wind power fluctuation in a DIgSILENT/power factory. Considering the multiple time scale and the operating characteristics of cluster system, a novel modified fruit fly optimisation algorithm (nMFOA) combined with probabilistic sensitivity indices is proposed to coordinate and optimise static VAR compensator (SVC) damping controller parameters to enhance the power system stability of the wind farm cluster. Adverse effects in the SVC damping controller are eliminated via the nMFOA with probabilistic eigenvalue, which can be used to effectively coordinate and optimise SVC parameters. The proposed scheme was tested on a certain wind farm cluster in Hami, Xinjiang Province.
Estimation of parameters for plasma glucose regulation in type‐2 diabetics in presence of meal
Authors: Biswas Prova , Sutradhar Ashoke , Datta Pallab
Published: October 2017

In this study, the authors propose a methodology for the estimation of glucose masses in stomach (both in solid and liquid forms), intestine, plasma and tissue; insulin masses in portal vein, liver, plasma and interstitial fluid using only plasma glucose measurement. The proposed methodology fuses glucose–insulin homoeostasis model (in the presence of meal intake) and plasma glucose measurement with a Bayesian non‐linear filter. Uncertainty of the model over individual variations has been incorporated by adding process noise to the homoeostasis model. The estimation is carried out over 24 h for the healthy people as well as a type II diabetes mellitus patients. In simulation, the estimator follows the truth accurately for both the cases. Moreover, the performances of two non‐linear filters, namely the unscented Kalman filter (KF) and cubature quadrature KF are compared in terms of root mean square error. The proposed methodology will be helpful in future to: (i) observe a patient's insulin–glucose profile, (ii) calculate drug dose for any hyperglycaemic patients and (iii) develop a closed‐loop controller for automated insulin delivery system.
The shape of oxygen abundance profiles explored with MUSE: evidence for widespread deviations from single gradients
Authors: Sánchez-Menguiano L. , Sánchez S. F. , Pérez I. , Ruiz-Lara T. , Galbany L. , Anderson J. P. , Krühler T. , Kuncarayakti H. , Lyman J. D.
Published: October 2017

We characterised the oxygen abundance radial distribution of a sample of 102 spiral galaxies observed with VLT/MUSE using the O3N2 calibrator. The high spatial resolution of the data allowed us to detect 14345 H ii regions with the same image quality as with photometric data, avoiding any dilution effect. We developed a new methodology to automatically fit the abundance radial profiles, finding that 55 galaxies of the sample exhibit a single negative gradient. The remaining 47 galaxies also display, as well as this negative trend, either an inner drop in the abundances (21), an outer flattening (10), or both (16), which suggests that these features are a common property of disc galaxies. The presence and depth of the inner drop depends on the stellar mass of the galaxies with the most massive systems presenting the deepest abundance drops, while there is no such dependence in the case of the outer flattening. We find that the inner drop appears always around 0.5 re, while the position of the outer flattening varies over a wide range of galactocentric distances. Regarding the main negative gradient, we find a characteristic slope in the sample of αO/H =−0.10 ± 0.03 dex /re. This slope is independent of the presence of bars and the density of the environment. However, when inner drops or outer flattenings are detected, slightly steeper gradients are observed. This suggests that radial motions might play an important role in shaping the abundance profiles. We define a new normalisation scale (“the abundance scale length”, rO/H) for the radial profiles based on the characteristic abundance gradient, with which all the galaxies show a similar position for the inner drop (~0.5 rO/H) and the outer flattening (~1.5 rO/H). Finally, we find no significant dependence of the dispersion around the negative gradient with any property of the galaxies, with values compatible with the uncertainties associated with the derivation of the abundances.
Asymptotic estimates of the convergence of classical Schwarz waveform relaxation domain decomposition methods for two-dimensional stationary quantum waves
Authors: Antoine Xavier , Hou Fengji , Lorin Emmanuel
Published: October 2017

This paper is devoted to the analysis of convergence of Schwarz Waveform Relaxation (SWR) domain decomposition methods (DDM) for solving the stationary linear and nonlinear Schrödinger equations by the imaginary-time method. Although SWR are extensively used for numerically solving high-dimensional quantum and classical wave equations, the analysis of convergence and of the rate of convergence is still largely open for linear equations with variable coefficients and nonlinear equations. The aim of this paper is to tackle this problem for both the linear and nonlinear Schrödinger equations in the two-dimensional setting. By extending ideas and concepts presented earlier [X. Antoine and E. Lorin,Numer. Math.137(2017) 923–958] and by using pseudodifferential calculus, we prove the convergence and determine some approximate rates of convergence of the two-dimensional Classical SWR method for two subdomains with smooth boundary. Some numerical experiments are also proposed to validate the analysis.
Prevention of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss from Recreational Firearms
Authors: Finan Donald , Flamme Gregory , Murphy William , Stewart Michael , Lankford James , Tasko Stephen , Meinke Deanna
Published: October 2017

In the United States and other parts of the world, recreational firearm shooting is a popular sport that puts the hearing of the shooter at risk. Peak sound pressure levels (SPLs) from firearms range from ∼140 to 175 dB. The majority of recreational firearms (excluding small-caliber 0.17 and 0.22 rifles and air rifles) generate between 150 and 165 dB peak SPLs. High-intensity impulse sounds will permanently damage delicate cochlear structures, and thus individuals who shoot firearms are at a higher risk of bilateral, high-frequency, noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) than peer groups who do not shoot. In this article, we describe several factors that influence the risk of NIHL including the use of a muzzle brake, the number of shots fired, the distance between shooters, the shooting environment, the choice of ammunition, the use of a suppressor, and hearing protection fit and use. Prevention strategies that address these factors and recommendations for specialized hearing protectors designed for shooting sports are offered. Partnerships are needed between the hearing health community, shooting sport groups, and wildlife conservation organizations to develop and disseminate accurate information and promote organizational resources that support hearing loss prevention efforts.
Effects of Recreational Noise on Threshold and Suprathreshold Measures of Auditory Function
Authors: Le Prell Colleen , Griffiths Scott , Lobarinas Edward , Fulbright Angela
Published: October 2017

Noise exposure that causes a temporary threshold shift but no permanent threshold shift can cause degeneration of synaptic ribbons and afferent nerve fibers, with a corresponding reduction in wave I amplitude of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) in animals. This form of underlying damage, hypothesized to also occur in humans, has been termed synaptopathy, and it has been hypothesized that there will be a hidden hearing loss consisting of functional deficits at suprathreshold stimulus levels. This study assessed whether recreational noise exposure history was associated with smaller ABR wave I amplitude and poorer performance on suprathreshold auditory test measures. Noise exposure histories were collected from 26 men and 34 women with hearing thresholds ≤ 25 dB hearing loss (HL; 250 Hz to 8 kHz), and a variety of functional suprathreshold hearing tests were performed. Wave I amplitudes of click-evoked ABR were obtained at 70, 80, 90, and 99 dB (nHL) and tone-burst evoked ABR were obtained at 90 dB nHL. Speech recognition performance was measured in quiet and in competing noise, using the Words in Noise test, and the NU-6 word list in broadband noise (BBN). In addition, temporal summation to tonal stimuli was assessed in quiet and in competing BBN. To control for the effects of subclinical conventional hearing loss, distortion product otoacoustic emission amplitude, an indirect measure of outer hair cell integrity, was measured. There was no statistically significant relationship between noise exposure history scores and ABR wave I amplitude in either men or women for any of the ABR conditions. ABR wave I amplitude and noise exposure history were not reliably correlated with suprathreshold functional hearing tests. Taken together, this study found no evidence of noise-induced decreases in ABR wave I amplitude or signal processing in noise in a cohort of subjects with a history of recreational noise exposure.
More to Lose? Noise-Risk Perceptions of Young Adults with Hearing Impairment
Authors: Black Deborah , Carter Lyndal
Published: October 2017

This study investigated the attitudes and behaviors of young adults with hearing impairment (HI), in relation to leisure noise. It was hypothesized that young people with HI would have more negative perceptions of noise exposure than their peers with nonimpaired (normal) hearing (NH) and would engage more frequently in self-protective behaviors. Questionnaires were administered as part of a larger study of young Australians with: (1) preadult onset HI and (2) NH. Data from adults (age range 18 to 24 years; n = 79 with HI, n = 131 with NH) were selected for the current analysis. Attitudes data for HI and NH groups were compared using chi-square tests, and the reported use of hearing aids and personal hearing protectors (PHPs) in leisure environments was quantified. Most participants with HI and NH regarded leisure noise as a health hazard but rated their own noise-injury risk as lower than that of their peer group. The use of PHPs was low overall, and many participants with HI reported using hearing aids (switched on) during noisy leisure activities. An equal and substantial proportion of participants with HI and NH reported dislike and avoidance of loud activities. Systematic noise management in leisure environments would address noise-injury risk and also enhance social participation.
Understanding Why People Enjoy Loud Sound
Authors: Fremaux Guy , Welch David
Published: October 2017

Sounds at levels that can injure the ear are regarded as enjoyable by many people. In many societies, a common form of this behavior is listening to loud music, either via personal audio systems or at music venues. Drawing on theory from the literature around loud sound and emotional responses to music, and combining it with concepts of physiological sound adaptation and classical conditioning, we developed a model of the process that may underlie people's enjoyment of loud sound, particularly loud music in nightclubs. The Conditioning, Adaptation, and Acculturation to Loud Music (CAALM) model proposes that the benefits associated with loud sound, alongside other desirable aspects of nightclubs, provide the unconditioned stimuli. Over time regular clubbers become conditioned to enjoy loud sound in itself. Exposure to loud sound also causes adaptation within the auditory system, so there is both a desire for, and tolerance of, loud sound during leisure time. This sets up an expectation of loud music as a cultural norm, and staff of leisure venues, who are themselves part of that culture, set music levels to meet customer expectations; and a cycle is perpetuated. This theory may be a useful consideration for health promotion and hearing conservation interventions.
Clostridium-difficile-assozierte Kolitis – Neue Entwicklungen
Authors: Jochum Christoph
Published: October 2017

Was ist neu

Epidemiologie Seit 2016 gilt eine erweiterte Meldepflicht.

Klinik und Risikofaktoren Cephalosporine und Protonenpumpenhemmer (PPI)-Therapie erhöhen das Risiko.

Diagnostik Immuntests (Antigen und Toxin im Stuhl) machen eine rasche Diagnose möglich.

Therapie Leitlinien empfehlen eine abgestufte Therapie nach Schweregrad und Rezidiv (-risiko). Mit Bezlotoxumab ist ein neuer Antikörper zur Prävention von Rezidiven zugelassen. In Metaanalysen zeigt sich eine leichte Überlegenheit von Fidaxomicin gegenüber Vancomycin und Metronidazol.

Prophylaxe und Hygiene Antibiotika-Stewardship kann die Inzidenz um 50 %, Probiotikagabe sogar um 60 % senken.
Herausforderungen beim älteren Rheumapatienten
Authors: Mayet Werner-Johannes
Published: October 2017

Was ist neu?

Der alte Rheumapatient Eine adäquate Versorgung von alten Rheumapatienten sollte multimodal, interdisziplinär und patientenorientiert erfolgen. Bei Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis (RA) ist die kardiovaskuläre Mortalität im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung 5fach erhöht. Geriatrische Patienten können als Folge des Abbaus fettfreier Körpermasse eine „rheumatoide Kachexie“ erleiden. Ein Body-Mass-Index von unter 20 kg/m2 hat sich dabei als kritisch erwiesen.

Besonderheiten rheumatischer Erkrankungen im Alter Die „late onset rheumatoid arthritis“ (LORA) in höherem Lebensalter (> 60) manifestiert sich häufiger mit einem oligoartikulären Muster mit Bevorzugung größerer Gelenke. Die Therapie der LORA hat sich entscheidend gewandelt: Die Langzeittherapie mit Glukokortikoiden wurde durch eine altersadaptierte Basistherapie verdrängt. In über 90 % der Fälle sind Patienten mit Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) älter als 60 Jahre. Sonografisch nachweisbare Bursitiden werden mittlerweile als wichtigste Ursache angenommen. Prednisolon ist zwar weiter der Goldstandard der Therapie der PMR, aber initiale Dosen < 7,5 oder > 30 mg/Tag gelten nun als obsolet. Durch den Einsatz der hochauflösenden Farbdopplersonografie kann bei der Riesenzellarteriitis mittlerweile fast die Aussagekraft einer Biopsie der A. temporalis erreicht werden.

Rheumatherapie im Alter Als wichtige Ursache einer gesteigerten Toxizität pharmakologischer Wirkstoffe im Alter gilt mittlerweile ein Abfall der Eiweißbindungskapazität. Bei älteren Rheumapatienten wird dieser durch einen Albuminmangel bedingt. Die früher häufig praktizierte „Low-dose“-Glukokortikoidtherapie der RA Älterer wird nicht mehr empfohlen. Die Kombination mehrerer Basistherapeutika ist bei älteren Rheumapatienten risikoreich, sodass der Übergang auf Biologika oft der sicherere Weg ist.
Kommentar der Schriftleitung
Authors: Dietz Andreas
Published: October 2017

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,

die aktuelle Ausgabe der Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie bietet einen umfangreichen Strauß
zu verschiedenen relevanten Themen unseres schönen Faches.
500 Jahre Reformation: Zur Historie der Pathographie Martin Luthers und ethischen Implikationen
Authors: Braun Birgit , Loew Thomas
Published: October 2017

Einleitung Das 500-jährige Reformationsjubiläum bildet den Anlass, die Historie der Pathographie Martin Luthers (1483–1546) zu
skizzieren und mögliche Schlussfolgerungen für die psychiatrische Praxis abzuleiten.

Methode Relevantes Schrifttum wurde ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Luther wurde als manisch-depressiv diagnostiziert, er wurde pathologisiert zum Syphilitiker und Alkoholkranken. Es
existieren sogar Suizid-Spekulationen.

Diskussion Die Verhaltenskomplexität einer historischen Persönlichkeit lässt sich weder aus Quellen noch aus Schrifttum objektiv
bewerten. Dem gedanklichen Durchdringen und emotionalen Durchleben der eigenen Theologie mag neben Gesellschaftszwängen,
reformatorentypischen Charaktereigenschaften und schwerwiegenden somatischen Erkrankungen eine essentielle Rolle bei der Ausgestaltung von
Luthers Psychogramm zukommen.

Schlussfolgerung Luthers Resilienz trotz somatischer und psychischer Krisen kann die heilsame Wirkung von Religiosität auf die Psyche
unterstreichen.
Ciguatera oder wieso bei der Kälteallodynie nach dem Fischverzehr gefragt werden sollte
Authors: Friedemann Miriam , Doberauer Claus , Fink Gereon R. , Burghaus Lothar
Published: October 2017

Ciguatoxine sind potente, von Mikroalgen produzierte, marine Biotoxine, die sich in tropischen Raubfischen, lokal und saisonal
unterschiedlich stark, anreichern können. Kurze Zeit nach dem Fischverzehr treten gastrointestinale, neurologische und/oder kardiovaskuläre
Vergiftungssymptome auf. Durch die hohe Affinität der Toxine zu neuronalen Natriumkanälen sind neurologische Symptome für
Ciguatera-Vergiftungen charakteristisch. Nahezu pathognomonisch ist dabei die Kälteallodynie, bei der kalte Oberflächen als heiß,
schmerzhaft oder extrem unangenehm empfunden werden. Durch Importe von Tropenfisch tritt Ciguatera zunehmend auch in gemäßigten Klimazonen
auf. Wir erläutern anhand zweier Fälle die Besonderheiten dieser Fischvergiftung.
Clinical characteristics and outcome of 60 pediatric patients with malignant melanoma registered with the German Pediatric Rare Tumor Registry (STEP)
Authors: Offenmueller Sonja , Leiter Ulrike , Bernbeck Benedikt , Garbe Claus , Eigentler Thomas , Borkhardt Arndt , Classen Carl Friedrich , Corbacioglu Selim , Dirksen Uta , Ebetsberger-Dachs Georg , Heinzerling Lucie , Jorch Norbert , Kuhlen Michaela , Lawlor Jennifer , Niggli Felix , Streiter Monika , Schneider Dominik T , Brecht Ines
Published: October 2017

Background Malignant melanoma (MM) is a common malignancy in adults while it is rare in children. Thus, information on clinical behavior of pediatric MM is incomplete.

Patients The German Pediatric Rare Tumor Registry (STEP) presents a prospective analysis of 60 childhood MM cases diagnosed between June 2006 and December 2014.

Method Patients’ ages ranged between 0 and 17 years at initial diagnosis (median age 9.6 years). Information on patient’s and tumor characteristics was obtained by standardized documentation. Three-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier test.

Results Follow-up ranged from 0 to 116 months with a median of 36.5 months, however, univariate analysis was performed for 46 cases with a follow-up > 3 months, only. Cases with spitzoid histotype (40%) did not show a significantly different outcome compared to cases with non-spitzoid MM. Breslow thickness ≤ 2.00 mm was identified in 30% of the cases and 18% were Clark level I to III. Adjuvant therapy was used in 45% of cases. OS at 3 years was 100%, EFS 95.2%.

Conclusion We present a series of cases with a high number of spitzoid malignant melanoma and advanced pediatric melanoma, but surprisingly good overall survival rates. Spitzoid and non-spitzoid MM do not differ in clinical behavior and survival.
Post-transition state dynamics and product energy partitioning following thermal excitation of the F⋯HCH2CN transition state: Disagreement with experiment
Authors: Pratihar Subha , Ma Xinyou , Xie Jing , Scott Rebecca , Gao Eric , Ruscic Branko , Aquino Adelia J. A. , Setser Donald W. , Hase William L.
Published: October 2017

Born-Oppenheimer direct dynamics simulations were performed to study atomistic details of the F + CH3CN → HF + CH2CN H-atom abstraction reaction. The simulation trajectories were calculated with a combined M06-2X/MP2 algorithm utilizing the 6-311++G** basis set. The experiments were performed at 300 K, and assuming the accuracy of transition state theory (TST), the trajectories were initiated at the F⋯HCH2CN abstraction TS with a 300 K Boltzmann distribution of energy and directed towards products. Recrossing of the TS was negligible, confirming the accuracy of TST. HF formation was rapid, occurring within 0.014 ps of the trajectory initiation. The intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) for reaction involves rotation of HF about CH2CN and then trapping in the CH2CN⋯HF post-reaction potential energy well of ∼10 kcal/mol with respect to the HF + CH2CN products. In contrast to this IRC, five different trajectory types were observed: the majority proceeded by direct H-atom transfer and only 11% approximately following the IRC. The HF vibrational and rotational quantum numbers, n and J, were calculated when HF was initially formed and they increase as potential energy is released in forming the HF + CH2CN products. The population of the HF product vibrational states is only in qualitative agreement with experiment, with the simulations showing depressed and enhanced populations of the n = 1 and 2 states as compared to experiment. Simulations with an anharmonic zero-point energy constraint gave product distributions for relative translation, HF rotation, HF vibration, CH2CN rotation, and CH2CN vibration as 5%, 11%, 60%, 7%, and 16%, respectively. In contrast, the experimental energy partitioning percentages to HF rotation and vibration are 6% and 41%. Comparisons are made between the current simulation and those for other F + H-atom abstraction reactions. The simulation product energy partitioning and HF vibrational population for F + CH3CN → HF + CH2CN resemble those for other reactions. A detailed discussion is given of possible origins of the difference between the simulation and experimental energy partitioning dynamics for F + CH3CN → HF + CH2CN. The F + CH3CN reaction also forms the CH3C(F)N intermediate, in which the F-atom adds to the C≡N bond. However, this intermediate and F⋯CH3CN and CH3CN⋯F van der Waals complexes are not expected to affect the F + CH3CN → HF + CH2CN product energy partitioning.
Magneto-Seebeck effect in spin valves
Authors: Zhang X. M. , Wan C. H. , Wu H. , Tang P. , Yuan Z. H. , Zhang Q. T. , Zhang X. , Tao B. S. , Fang C. , Han X. F.
Published: October 2017

The magneto-Seebeck (MS) effect, which is also called magneto-thermo-power, was observed in Co/Cu/Co and NiFe/Cu/Co spin valves. Their Seebeck coefficients in the parallel state were larger than those in the antiparallel state, and the MS ratio defined as (SAP -SP)/SP could reach –9% in our case. The MS effect originated not only from trivial giant magnetoresistance but also from spin current generated due to spin-polarized thermoelectric conductivity of ferromagnetic materials and subsequent modulation of the spin current by different spin configurations in spin valves. A simple Mott two-channel model reproduced a –11% MS effect for the Co/Cu/Co spin valves, qualitatively consistent with our observations. The MS effect could be applied for simultaneously sensing the temperature gradient and the magnetic field and also be possibly applied to determine spin polarization of thermoelectric conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient of ferromagnetic thin films.
2D IR spectroscopy of high-pressure phases of ice
Authors: Tran Halina , Cunha Ana V. , Shephard Jacob J. , Shalit Andrey , Hamm Peter , Jansen Thomas L. C. , Salzmann Christoph G.
Published: October 2017

We present experimental and simulated 2D IR spectra of some high-pressure forms of isotope-pure D2O ice and compare the results to those of ice Ih published previously [F. Perakis and P. Hamm, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 14, 6250 (2012); L. Shi et al., ibid. 18, 3772 (2016)]. Ice II, ice V, and ice XIII have been chosen for this study, since this selection covers many aspects of the polymorphism of ice. That is, ice II is a hydrogen-ordered phase of ice, in contrast to ice Ih, while ice V and ice XIII are a hydrogen-disordered/ordered couple that shares essentially the same oxygen structure and hydrogen-bonded network. For the transmission 2D IR spectroscopy, a novel method had to be developed for the preparation of ultrathin films (1-2 μm) of high-pressure ices with good optical quality. We also simulated 2D IR spectra based on molecular dynamics simulations connected to a vibrational exciton picture. These simulations agree with the experimental results in a semi-quantitative manner for ice II, while the same approach failed for ice V and ice XIII. From the perspective of 2D IR spectroscopy, ice II appears to be more inhomogeneously broadened than ice Ih, despite its hydrogen-order, which we attribute to the fact that ice II is structurally more complex with four distinguishable hydrogen bonds that mix due to exciton coupling. Ice V and ice XIII, on the other hand, behave as expected with the hydrogen-disordered case (ice V) being more inhomogenously broadened. Furthermore, in all hydrogen-ordered forms (ice II and ice XIII), cross peaks could be identified in the anisotropic 2D IR spectrum, whose signs reveal the relative direction of the corresponding excitonic states.
On the coupling effects of piezoelectricity and flexoelectricity in piezoelectric nanostructures
Authors: He Liwen , Lou Jia , Zhang Aibing , Wu Huaping , Du Jianke , Wang Ji
Published: October 2017

Flexoelectricity is a novel kind of electromechanical coupling phenomenon that is prevalent in all solid dielectrics and usually of vital importance in nanostructures and soft materials. Although the fundamental theory of flexoelectric solids and related beam or plate theories were extensively studied in recent years, the coupling effect of flexoelectricity and piezoelectricity in piezoelectric nanostructures has not been completely clarified yet. In the present work, a geometrically nonlinear piezoelectric plate model is established with a focus on the coupling effect. The constitutive equations for piezoelectric plates are derived under both the electrically short-circuit and open-circuit conditions. It is found that due to the coupling between flexoelectricity and piezoelectricity, stretching-bending coupling stiffness arises in the homogeneous plate and its specific value relies on the applied electrical boundary conditions. The effects of the flexoelectric-piezoelectric coupling on the effective mechanical behavior and the electromechanical behavior of nanobeams and nanoplates are also discussed. The developed model and presented results are expected to benefit the design and analysis of piezoelectric and flexoelectric devices and systems.
Evidence of strong magneto-dielectric coupling and enhanced electrical insulation at room temperature in Nd and Mn co-doped bismuth ferrite
Authors: Kumari Shalini , Pradhan Dhiren K. , Das Proloy T. , Ortega Nora , Pradhan Kallol , Kumar Ashok , Scott J. F. , Katiyar Ram S.
Published: October 2017

The search for a room temperature single phase multiferroic material displaying strong magnetoelectric coupling and low leakage current for practical device applications has been underway and a long-standing challenge. In continuation to our investigations for achieving robust ME coupling and enhanced electrical insulation at room temperature, we report magnetic, electrical insulation, and magneto-dielectric properties of Nd and Mn co-doped BiFeO3 (Bi0.95Nd0.05)(Fe0.97Mn0.03)O3 (BNFM) polycrystalline electro-ceramics. Magnetic studies have been carried out in two different temperature regions, i.e., 15–300 K and 300–800 K. The doping of Nd and Mn in the BiFeO3 (BFO) lattice slightly reduces the Néel temperature (TN) with broad weak ferromagnetic (FM) to paramagnetic (PM) phase transition by increasing ferromagnetic domain fractions. A small amount of magnetic frustration is also found in the low temperature regions, below 300 K at fields of 100 and 200 Oe, and below 200 K at higher field cooled and zero field cooled; this may be due weak long range ordering and small magnitude of magnetic moments. High temperature magnetic results imply the existence of a weak ferromagnetic phase with a FM to PM phase transition around 630 K (±5 K) and significant suppression of the spin frustration and canting properties of BFO. The Nd and Mn co-doping also substantially improved the electrical insulating properties of BFO. The leakage current analysis suggests that the Simmons' mechanism is probably a dominant conduction mechanism in BNFM at room temperature. The observation of dielectric anomaly around the TN and significant variation of dielectric parameters with different static magnetic field in BNFM implies the existence of strong magnetodielectric coupling. The enhanced magnetic and electrical insulation properties with strong magnetodielectric coupling at room temperature elucidate the possible potential candidates for multifunctional and spintronics device applications.
Flexoelectric response in soft polyurethane films and their use for large curvature sensing
Authors: Merupo V. I. , Guiffard B. , Seveno R. , Tabellout M. , Kassiba A.
Published: October 2017

The flexoelectric effect is simply defined as the coupling between the strain gradient and polarization in solid dielectrics. It may be seen as an alternative transduction mechanism to the piezoelectric effect to directly sense the curvature of bent flexible thin structures. In the case of large curvatures, flexible and compliant sensors are required and soft polar elastomers may be suitable for curvature sensing. In this study, we report the flexoelectric characterization of soft semi-crystalline polyurethane (PU) films with thicknesses ranging from 1.7 μm to 350 μm. Dynamic bending experiments have been performed on PU films deposited onto rigid steel substrates in the vicinity of the mechanical resonance frequency of the cantilever beams. Quasi-static flexoelectric coefficients of PU films could be obtained by using a classical oscillating model. A global large increase of μ12′ with the decreasing film thickness was found, especially for thicknesses lower than 25 μm. The variation of μ12′ is explained by the presence of a Young's Modulus gradient through the thickness of PU films. Besides, a concomitant uncommon dramatic decrease in the dielectric constant is observed. The combination of these two effects contributes to enhancing the flexocoupling “F” constant with the decreasing thickness. At last, the potential use of a 6.6 μm-thick soft PU film as a large curvature sensor has been experimentally demonstrated by subjecting a flexible Aluminum foil/Polyethylene terephthalate bilayered cantilever to large deflections. A curvature of about 80 m−1 (radius of curvature of ∼1.2 cm) could be sensed under low frequency (3 Hz) bending motion. These results may pave the way for the development of low cost and easy to implement soft flexoelectric elastomer-based large curvature sensors on highly flexible metallic structures.