bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cannabis in Parkinson’s Disease: The Patients’ View
Authors: Yenilmez Ferhat , Fründt Odette , Hidding Ute , Buhmann Carsten
Published: November 2020

Background: Little is known about the patients’ view on treatment with medical cannabis (MC) for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Objective: To assess the PD community’s perception of MC and patients’ experience with MC. Methods: Applying a questionnaire-based survey, we evaluated general knowledge and interest in MC as well as the frequency, modalities, efficacy, and tolerability of application. Questionnaires were distributed nationwide via the membership journal of the German Parkinson Association and locally in our clinic to control for report bias. Results: Overall, 1.348 questionnaires (1.123 nationwide, 225 local) were analysed. 51% of participants were aware of the legality of MC application, 28% of various routes of administration (ROA) and 9% of the difference between delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). PD-related cannabis use was reported by 8.4% of patients and associated with younger age, living in large cities and better knowledge about the legal and clinical aspects of MC. Reduction of pain and muscle cramps was reported by more than 40% of cannabis users. Stiffness/akinesia, freezing, tremor, depression, anxiety and restless legs syndrome subjectively improved for more than 20% and overall tolerability was good. Improvement of symptoms was reported by 54% of users applying oral CBD and 68% inhaling THC-containing cannabis. Compared to CBD intake, inhalation of THC was more frequently reported to reduce akinesia and stiffness (50.0% vs. 35.4%; p < 0.05). Interest in using MC was reported by 65% of non-users. Conclusion: MC is considered as a therapeutic option by many PD patients. Nevertheless, efficacy and different ROA should further be investigated.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Profiles in Parkinson’s Disease: No Accumulation of Glucosylceramide, but Significant Downregulation of Active Complement C5 Fragment
Authors: Niimi Yoshiki , Mizutani Yasuaki , Akiyama Hisako , Watanabe Hirohisa , Shiroki Ryoichi , Hirabayashi Yoshio , Hoshinaga Kiyotaka , Mutoh Tatsuro
Published: November 2020

Background: As mutations in glucocerebrosidase 1 (GBA1) are a major risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD), decreased GBA1 activity might play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. However, there are currently no reports on glucosylceramide levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in PD. Objective: We investigated whether glucosylceramide accumulation and abnormal immune status in the brain are associated with PD. Methods: We measured glucosylceramide by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) as well as levels of the active fragment of complement C5, C5a, in the CSF of 33 PD, 15 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 22 neurologically normal control (NNC) subjects. Serum C5a levels in all PD and ALS cases and in a limited number of NNC subjects (n = 8) were also measured. Results: C5a levels in CSF were significantly downregulated in PD compared with NNC. Moreover, CSF C5a/serum C5a ratio showed pronounced perturbations in PD and ALS patients. LC-ESI-MS/MS revealed a statistically significant accumulation of a specific subspecies of glucosylceramide (d18 : 1/C23 : 0 acyl chain fatty acid) in ALS, but not in PD. Interestingly, CSF glucosylceramide (d18 : 1/C23 : 0) exhibited a significant correlation with CSF C5a levels in PD, but not ALS. No correlation was observed between C5a levels or glucosylceramide subspecies content and disease duration, levodopa equivalent daily dose or Hoehn & Yahr staging in PD. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate complement dysregulation without glucosylceramide accumulation in PD CSF. Furthermore, we found an association between a specific glucosylceramide subspecies and immune status in PD.
La libre competencia y el pensamiento de Pio XI
Authors: Campo S.J. Juan
Published: November 2020

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Il leone che si è fatto agnello
Authors: Barahona Plaza Ángel Jorge
Published: November 2020

Reseña de Voltaggio, F. G. (2017). Il leone che si è fatto agnello: Studi esegetici su Cristo agnello e servo di Yhwh alla luce del sottofondo ebraico. Napoli: Chirico.
Perspectivas del poder. Anamorfosis del Leviatán en Hobbes y en el "Libro de Job"
Authors: Fornari Giuseppe , García-Ramos Gallego David
Published: November 2020

El presente artículo parte del análisis del frontispicio del Leviatán de T. Hobbes (1651) con el fin de subrayar su congruencia, no sólo con el contenido del libro, sino también y más generalmente con la principal tendencia del pensamiento moderno basado en el problema del conocimiento. El icono del Leviatán, entendido como símbolo del poder político, es posible gracias a la distancia óptica de su observador, que, para reconocerlo, tiene que situarse a la distancia adecuada e interpretar sus apariencias correctamente. El poder supremo ya no se corresponde con un orden teológico, ontológico y cósmico otorgado desde lo alto y se convierte en la expresión política de una configuración gnoseológica de la soledad del hombre al interpretar una realidad que ya no está ordenada en sí misma. La relación de estos desarrollos del símbolo leviatánico con sus fuentes bíblicas parece vaga, pero su fuente principal, el Libro de Job, nos ofrece una reflexión penetrante al respecto. El Leviatán, que sella la conclusión del libro, parece ser incongruente con su meditación central sobre la aflicción y el mal, pero, como documenta la filología, es la reminiscencia de los antiguos aspectos funerarios y sacrificiales de los dioses semitas de los que deriva Yahvé. Por lo tanto, el texto esconde un conocimiento de los orígenes históricos del Dios bíblico. El mismo Dios que responde a Job revela su rostro misericordioso, pasando por una larga evolución religiosa estrechamente relacionada con interpretaciones vengativas y violentas de la divinidad. El significado bíblico, por lo tanto, va más allá del uso que Hobbes hace del símbolo del Leviatán, pero anticipa su realismo, dándonos una inesperada herramienta interpretativa del actual mundo globalizado donde el Leviatán ya no es el Estado moderno, sino una red de relaciones de poder extendida a todo el planeta. ¿No sugiere la teología histórica del Libro de Job que esta muy indiferenciada manifestación de poder puede convertirse en el instrumento de un poder espiritual perteneciente a un orden diferente?
The Humanist at the Table
Authors: Barbarzak Dawid
Published: November 2020

Italian humanists’ discoveries of ancient texts and printed editions
of such ancient works as Lucretius’ De rerum natura, Plato’s Symposium
or Apicius’ De re coquinaria strongly influenced the renewal of the
Epicurean category of pleasure (voluptas) and created a new approach
to eating. Many Italian humanists began emphasizing bodily needs
and stressed their importance. We can find these ideas in the works
of Lorenzo Valla (De voluptate, 1431), Marsilio Ficino (De voluptate,
1457) or Bartolomeo Platina (the author of the first printed cookbook
De honesta voluptate et valetudine, ca. 1465-68) who recognized
that food could be also consumed for pleasure. The phenomenon
of the philosophical and literary banquet became common practice
among Italian, and later also Polish, humanists. Such associations as
the Roman Academy, Florentine Academy, or Polish Sodalitas litteraria
Vistulana were the place of humanistic discussion, which was valued
more than luxurious food. It is reflected in 16th-century Polish poetry
(Filippo Buonaccorsi „Callimachus”, Conrad Celtis; Paweł z Krosna; Jan
Dantyszek „Dantiscus” and others) and philosophical treaties such as
Mikołaj Rej’s Wizerunek własny, 1558, inspired by Palingenius’ Zodiacus
vitae, or Łukasz Górnicki’s Dworzanin polski, 1566, inspired by
Baldassare Castiglione’s Il corteggiano. The quoted authors recommend
moderation in drinking and criticize Polish and German drunkenness.
Dining with friends could also serve as remedy for vanitas or all kinds of
sorrow, according to the tradition of Anacreontic and Horatian poetry.
We can see it clearly in Foricoenia of Jan Kochanowski (1584), where the
joy of drinking wine and singing at the table interweaves with reflection
on the human condition and vanishing.
Umanjenice u Plautovim komedijama
Authors: Županić Kristian , Bulić Nada
Published: November 2020

U radu se, na korpusu koji čine sve u cijelosti sačuvane Plautove komedije
i fragmenti, istražuje pojava i upotreba umanjenica u latinskom
jeziku – fenomen koji je posvjedočen u svim razdobljima njegove književne
povijesti, a u najvećem obilju u Plautovim komedijama. Tvorbeno
Plautove umanjenice pokazuju određenu pravilnost. Njihova pretjerana
cirkulacija u komičkim dijalozima uz značajan gubitak deminutivnoga
značenja naznačuje njihovu semantičku istrošenost i prelazak u stilsku
kategoriju. Ispitivanje njihove tvorbe, upotrebe i značenja, s osvrtom
na druge primjere u latinskom, pružili su tako jasniju sliku o umanjenicama
u latinskom jeziku i fenomenu njihova procvata u pretklasičnom
latinskom.
By grammar alone?
Authors: Koryl Jakub
Published: November 2020

Wilhelm Dilthey once admitted that Matthias Flacius Illyricus either
appropriated the fourth book of Augustine’s De Doctrina Christiana in
detail or took advantage of all of the early Christian exegesis in general
in his Clavis Sacrae Scripturae. The aim of this paper is partly polemical.
While Flacius himself frequently proved Dilthey’s unfavorable
judgment to be correct, he also followed the innovatory footsteps of
biblical philologists such as Gianozzo Manetti, Lorenzo Valla and Desiderius
Erasmus in order to reaffirm and concretize the Lutheran principle
of the intelligibility of Scripture based on its strictly immanent,
that is to say grammatical, investigation. Consequently, I would like
to discuss the Clavis Sacrae Scripturae as the confessional yet deliberate
outcome of the grammatical and rhetorical curriculum of studia
humanitatis. All of this, however, will not lead to the conclusion that
the Clavis should still remain the enterprise of a less distinguished
follower. For decisions made by Flacius regarding the tradition of patristic,
medieval, and humanistic exegesis was constantly founded upon
the heuristically critical and genuinely hermeneutical principle. Therefore,
it is worth asking what this principle was, or more precisely, how
can man use philological tools that do not deprive God of his unconditioned
sovereignty
Macaronea folenghiana et alii
Authors: Krauze Julia
Published: November 2020

Makaronski se jezik tradicionalno definira kao vrsta jezičnog
eksperimenta, kao proizvod kombinacije latinskoga i vernakularnoga
jezika kojim su se služili neki talijanski pisci 16. stoljeća u
sastavcima mahom komičkoga karaktera. Budući da se radi o vrsti
ekspresivnoga jezika, karakterizira ga upotreba latiniziranih sjevernotalijanskih
dijalekata zahvaljujući istaknutoj jezičnoj snazi koja se
osobito postiže kroz zajedljivu karikaturu prikazanih likova. Brojni su
razlozi uspona makaronskoga jezika, uključujući i neprijateljski stav
akademskih krugova prema svečanom klasičnom stilu i sklonost k
jezičnom eksperimentiranju usmjerenom na društvenu satiru. U Italiji
i drugim europskim zemljama dobio je određeniju i rasprostranjeniju
formu tek krajem 15. stoljeća doživjevši vrhunac u Teofilu Folengu,
što je, u stoljećima koja su usljedila, iznjedrilo brojne ogranke u Francuskoj,
Španjolskoj, Njemačkoj i Poljskoj. U radu se više prostora daje
usporedbi Folengova djela i poljskih autora.
Implicações da Síndrome de Burnout em profissionais da saúde durante a pandemia de COVID-19: Uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Ribeiro Yana Sarah Fernandes Souza , Lopes Rafael Nobre , Brito Francisca Letícia Timbó , Silva Glenda Dhenyfer Rocha , Tibério Lara de Vargas , Rosi Maria Eduarda Almagro , Freire Matheus Rodrigues Sardinha Drumond , Oliveira Nikhole , Melo Rayana Cibelle Viana de , Veloso Thamires Mendes
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Identificar, na literatura atual, as principais implicações e consequências da Síndrome de Burnout em Profissionais de Saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica do tipo integrativa, com abordagem qualitativa e objetivo descritiva de estudos nacionais e internacionais. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica na base de dados PubMed, na qual foram priorizados estudos publicados a partir de 2019 e artigos integralmente disponíveis que retratassem a questão de pesquisa, anexados em quaisquer idiomas. 20 artigos foram selecionados para leitura na íntegra e constituem esta revisão de literatura. Resultados: 47,36% dos estudos apontaram que a tensão e a demanda entre os profissionais de saúde aumentaram durante a pandemia da COVID-19, podendo predispor ao surgimento de quadros de Burnout. Dentro dos sintomas de esgotamento, os estudos frisaram, primordialmente, a exaustão cognitiva, ansiedade, estresse, sobrecarga psicológica, culpa, medo e insônia. As implicações mais relatadas nos estudos foram: sintomas depressivos, transtornos de ansiedade e reações de estresse pós-traumático. Conclusão: Diante das complicações relacionadas ao esgotamento profissional, urge a adoção de medidas preventivas de apoio psicológico à equipe de saúde no período da pandemia de COVID-19 e continuamente, com o fito de melhorar a assistência e reduzir os prejuízos do Burnout.
Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels and Uterine Fibroid Volume
Authors: Rajuddin Rajuddin , Oscar Ronald , Dewi Tengku P.
Published: November 2020

Background: Tumor size is related to variations associated with molecular markers. In recent years, it has been reported that investigation of tumor volume has become very popular. Measurement of uterine fibroids volume is very important for treatment response.

Objective: The aims of this study is to find the correlation of VEGF levels and uterine fibroids volume.

Methods: Observational analytic study was carried out on 80 patients with uterine fibroids indicated myomectomy. Each sample was examined for VEGF levels and volume of myoma tissue post myomectomy was measured by using Archimedes' law. Correlation test using the Spearman test.

Results: A total of 80 samples of patients were examined for VEGF levels and uterine fibroids volume. The median VEGF is 360 pg/mL, the median uterine fibroids volume is 325 ml. The Spearmanâ€™s test shows p values â€‹â€‹(<0.01) and r (0.999).

Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between VEGF levels and uterine fibroids volume. The higher the VEGF level, the greater the volume of uterine fibroids.

Keywords: VEGF, uterine fibroids volume, Archimedes law

*Corresponding author: Rajuddin e-mail: rajuddin@unsyiah.ac.id dan Ronald_drozz@yahoo.com
Purse String Double Layer Closure in Cesarean Section (Turan Technique) : a Novel Approach to Reduce Cesarean Scar Defect
Authors: Prabawa Aditya , A A Ngurah Jayakusuma  , A A Gede P. Wiradnyana
Published: November 2020

Objective : To compare cesarean scar defect incidence and other parameters between Turan technique and Conventional techniqueMethod : Literature ReviewResult : The Turan technique uses a purse-string double-layer closure method, which can shorten the incision length and reduce the incidence of postpartum cesarean scar defect that can be detected by ultrasound. Uterine incisional defects are etiologic factor of postoperative pelvic adhesion, placenta previa and accreta, uterine rupture, abnormal uterine bleeding and dysmenorrhea. This means that decrease in the incidence of uterine incisional defects is essential to prevent cesarean-related complications. In 51 patients in the study group (closure the uterine incision with Turan technique) and 65 patients in the control group collected within 6 weeks postoperative for transvaginal ultrasound, the length of the uterine incision closure in the study group shorter than control group (p= 0.0001, 95% IK = 2,854-6,876). Significantly, the number of patients with cesarean scar defect was 12 (23.5%) in the study group and 39 in the control group (76.5%) with P = 0.0001.Conclusion : Turan technique is new uterine closure method technique on CS. This technique can reduce the incidence of cesarean scar defect.Keyword : Turan Technique, Cesarean Section, uterine incision

Abstrak

Tujuan : Untuk membandingkan angka kejadian defek jaringan parut uterus dan parameter lain antara teknik Turan dan teknik konvensionalMetode : Kajian PustakaHasil : Teknik Turan menggunakan metode penutupan purse-string double layer, dimana dapat memperpendek insisi dan mengurangi insidensi defek jaringan parut uterus postpartum yang dapat dideteksi dengan ultrasonografi. Defek insisional uterus merupakan faktor etiologi dari adhesi pelvis paska operasi, plasenta previa dan akreta, ruptur uteri, kehamilan ektopik pada parut uterus, perdarahan uterus abnormal dan dismenore. Ini berarti penurunan kejadian defek insisional uterus sangat penting untuk mencegah terjadinya komplikasi terkait seksio sesarea. Pada 51 pasien kelompok studi (teknik Turan) dan 65 pasien pada kelompok kontrol yang dilakukan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi transvaginal 6 minggu paska operasi didapatkan data bahwa panjang insisi uterus lebih pendek pada kelompok studi (P = 0.0001, 95% IK = 2.854–6.876). Secara signifikan, jumlah pasien dengan defek parut bekas operasi (Cesarean Scar Defect) adalah 12 orang (23.5%) pada kelompok studi dan 39 orang pada kelompok kontrol (76.5%) dengan nilai P = 0.0001Kesimpulan : Teknik Turan adalah teknik baru mengenai metode penjahitan pada insisi operasi SC. Secara signifikan tehnik ini mampu menurunkan insidensi defek parut bekas operasi.Kata kunci : Teknik Turan, Seksio Sesarea, Insisi uterus
Visceral Adipose Tissue was Associated with Increased Risk of Insulin Resistance in Lean Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Independent with Retinol Binding Protein-4
Authors: Silvana Vita , Hestiantoro Andon , Natadisastra Muharam , Sumapraja Kanadi , Wiweko Budi
Published: November 2020

Objective: To determine whether visceral adipose tissue or serum RBP-4 were related with the risk increment of insulin resistance in normal BMI PCOS patients.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in normal body mass index PCOS patients at Yasmin Clinic, RSCM, Jakarta from July 2014 until March 2015. Diagnosis of PCOS was established using Rotterrdam (2003) criteria. Insulin resistance was confirmed by using ratio of HOMA-IR >1.4.

Results: Among 40 subjects, 20 subjects (50%) belong insulin resistance group. Serum RBP-4 level was higher in insulin resistance group (p=0.06). After ROC analysis was conducted, area under curve for of serum RBP-4 was 69.9% (CI 95% -3754.77 - (186.60-7696.14, p=0.061)). Cut-off level of serum RBP-4 was 23814.5 ng/mL yielded sensitivity and specificity to a level of 60% and 60%, respectively. After logistic regression were analyzed, visceral adipose tissue demonstrated substantial association with the risk increment of insulin resistance in normal BMI PCOS patients.

Conclusions: Visceral adipose tissue demonstrated substantial association with the risk increment of insulin resistance in normal BMI PCOS patients, independent with serum RBP-4 levels.

Key words: body mass index, diagnosis, insulin resistance, PCOS, retinol binding protein-4

 

Abstrak

Tujuan: Untuk menentukan apakah jaringan adiposa viseral atau serum RBP-4 berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko resistensi insulin pada Sindrom Ovarium Polikistik dengan indeks masa tubuh normal.

Metode: Studi potong lintang dilakukan pada subjek SOPK dengan IMT normal di Klinik Yasmin, RSCM, Jakarta sejak Juli 2014 sampai dengan Maret 2015. Penegakan diagnosis SOPK dilakukan dengan kriteria Rotterdam (2003). Resistensi insulin dikonfirmasi dengan pemeriksaan rasio HOMA-IR > 1.4

Hasil: Diantara 40 subjek, sebanyak 20 subjek (50%) mengalami resistensi insulin. Kadar serum RBP-4 lebih tinggi pada kelompok resistensi insulin (p=0.06). Setelah dilakukan analisis Receiver Operating Curve (ROC), serum RBP-4 memiliki Area Under the Curve  (AUC) sebesar 69.9% (IK 95% -3754.77 - (186.60-7696.14, p=0,061)). Titik potong kadar serum RBP-4 adalah 23814.5 ng/mL dengan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas masing-masing 60% dan 60%. Setelah dilakukan analisis regresi logistik, jaringan adiposa viseral menunjukan asosiasi yang kuat dengan terjadinya resistensi insulin pada pasien SOPK dengan IMT normal.

Kesimpulan: Jaringan adiposa viseral menunjukan asosiasi yang kuat dengan terjadinya resistensi insulin pada SOPK dengan IMT normal, independen terhadap kadar serum RBP-4.

Kata kunci: diagnosis, indeks masa tubuh, resistensi insulin, retinol binding protein-4, SOPK
Uterine Prolapse in Postmenopausal Women in the Coastal Areas
Authors: Saimin Juminten , Hafizah Indria , Indriyani Nina , Ashaeryanto  , Wicaksono Satrio
Published: November 2020

Objective: To assess the characteristics of postmenopausal women in the coastal areas that experience uterine prolapse.Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted at Alpha Gynecology Clinic in Kendari. Samplesare cases of uterine prolapse from coastal areas that visited in January to December 2017. Samples were taken by consecutive sampling. The diagnosis of uterine prolapse is based on the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system. Data is presented with tables and narration.Results: There were 21 respondents who experienced uterine prolapse. Most respondents were aged 61-70 years (42.8%), work as housewives (71.4%), parity more than 4 (85.7%), and duration of menopause >5 years (100.0%). The most common complaint at the fi rst time was a feeling of a lump in the vagina (81.0%), in the third degree of uterine prolapse (57.1%), and accompanied by comorbidities (66.7%). Conclusions: Uterine prolapse in postmenopausal women in the coastal areas was found in housewives, aged 61-70 years, grande-multiparous, and duration of menopause >5 years. The main complaint was felt a lump in the vagina, in the third degree and accompanied by comorbidities. Counselling, information and education regarding symptoms and management of uterine prolapse need to be done.Keywords: coastal areas, postmenopausal women, uterine prolapse.AbstrakTujuan: Mengetahui karakteristik perempuan postmenopause di daerah pesisir yang mengalami prolapsus uteri.Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif retrospektif yang dilakukan di Klinik Ginekologi Alfa di Kendari. Sampel adalah kasus prolapse uteri yang berasal dari daerah pesisir yang berkunjung pada bulan Januari sampai Desember 2017. Sampel diambil secara consecutive sampling. Diagnosis prolapsus uteri berdasarkan sistem Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification. Data disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan narasinya.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 21 responden yang mengalami prolapsus uteri. Responden terbanyak berusia 61-70 tahun (42,8%), pekerjaan sebagai ibu rumah tangga (71,4%), paritas lebih dari 4 (85,7%), dengan lama menopause lebih dari 5 tahun (100,0%). Keluhan yang paling sering dialami pada saat pertama datang adalah terasa ada yang mengganjal di jalan lahir (81,0%), dengan diagnosis prolapsus uteri derajat 3 (57,1%), dan disertai penyakit penyerta (66,7%).Kesimpulan: Prolapsus uteri pada perempuan postmenopause di daerah pesisir ditemukan pada ibu rumah tangga, usia 61-70 tahun, grande multipara, menopause >5 tahun. Keluhan utama terasa ada yang mengganjal di jalan lahir disertai penyakit penyerta, dengan diagnosis prolapse uteri derajat 3. Perlu dilakukan penyuluhan, konseling dan edukasi mengenai gejala dan penatalaksanaan prolapsus uteri.Kata kunci: daerah pesisir, prolaps uteri, perempuan postmenopause.
E-government e capitale umano nella Pubblica Amministrazione italiana. Una prospettiva di medio periodo
Authors: Matteucci Nicola
Published: November 2020

Italy has recently progressed in the aggregate DESI rank of the EU Digital Agendas, but remains a laggard member state for e-government, because of its critical digital public services. Owing to the scarcity of micro and territorial data, this work examines the main stylised facts, and interprets them with a transdisciplinary theoretical framework. On the one hand, we find that the digital delay of the Italian Public Administration (PA) is rooted in a peculiar mix of institutional obstacles, such as the legalistic juridical culture, normative chaos, political instability and patronage: these factors dampen the clarification and simplification of processes and the back-office, required by e-government to be effective. On the other hand, we posit that hiring policies and those of austerity (block of the personnel turnover in the PA) have increasingly lowered the quantity and quality of the digital public services. These policies may have created an original case of technological adoption disconnected from the necessary investment in human capital and organization of the PA (inadequate e-government supply). Finally, this work, while calling for a further appraisal of this policy case, recalls the deficit of statistics and open Government data which harm the study of the Digital Agenda of Italy.
La cessazione del rapporto di lavoro per ragioni di età nella recente giurisprudenza della Corte di Giustizia
Authors: Fattori Gilberto
Published: November 2020

In materia di cessazione del rapporto di lavoro per ragioni di età la Corte di Giustizia dell'Unione Europea sta svolgendo un ruolo propulsivo nell'implementazione del diritto antidiscriminatorio. Tuttavia, come emerge dalle recenti sentenze su questo tema, le problematiche che emergono dal bilanciamento tra diritti sociali fondamentali dei lavoratori e scelte di politica economica ed occupazionale dei governi degli Stati membri dell'UE sono questioni che rimangono centrali nella giurisprudenza della Corte. In questa trattazione si analizzano due recenti sentenze particolarmente significative su questo tema: nella sentenza Rasmussen si mette in luce come la Corte riaffermi una volta di più la propria giurisprudenza sull'esistenza di un principio generale di non discriminazione per età nell'ordinamento europeo, sottolineando la forza delle conseguenze giuridiche che ciò comporta per gli ordinamenti degli Stati membri. Nell'analisi della causa Aber-crombie si mettono invece in luce aspetti problematici relativi al bilanciamento tra diritto alla non discriminazione per età e scelte di politica occupazionale dei gover-ni nazionali, e di come ciò abbia creato un notevole dibattito in dottrina.
Nike vs Adidas – környezetvédelmi erőfeszítések eredményei
Authors: Ráthonyi-Ódor Kinga , Bácsné Bába Éva , Ráthonyi Gergely
Published: November 2020

A „felelős magatartás” kérdéskörével foglalkozó kutatások alapján elmondható, hogy a fogalom tisztázása nem egyszerű feladat, hiszen a szakirodalom sem egységes. Az eltérő meghatározások hasonlóak abban a tekintetben, hogy az üzletmenetben meg kell teremtődnie egy egészséges és fenntartható egyensúlynak a gazdasági érdekek, a társadalmi elvárások és a környezeti értékek figyelembe vétele között. A felelős magatartás megjelenése a gazdasági élet különböző szektoraiban, eltérő tevékenységek révén valósulhat meg. Az egyik ilyen, napjainkban egyre népszerűbb kutatási terület, a sportszektor felelős magatartásának vizsgálata. Vitathatatlan, hogy minden sporttal kapcsolatos tevékenység hatással van a természetes környezetre, hiszen természeti erőforrásokat használ. A területek kisajátítása, a biodiverzitásra gyakorolt hatás, az ivóvíz minőségű vizek felhasználása, a hulladék kibocsátása, a vendéglátás, a sportlétesítmények építése és működtetés, valamint a sporteszközök gyártása és eladása megsokszorozza azokat a megoldásra, zöldítésre váró feladatokat, melyeken segíthet a felelős magatartás. Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy vezető piaci pozícióban lévő multinacionális sportszer- és sportruházat gyártó vállalatok – Nike, Adidas – tevékenységébe integrált környezetbarát megoldásait ismertesse.
Kriptovaluta befektetők innováció-elfogadásának vizsgálata
Authors: Tachscherer Balázs László , Benedek Andrea
Published: November 2020

Napjainkban már több mint 2100 kriptovalutát tartanak számon. Mindazonáltal az államok és a jegybankok többsége nem ismeri el a kriptovalutákat fizetőeszközként, sőt számtalan alkalommal a kriptovalutákkal kapcsolatos veszélyekre hívják fel a figyelmet. A fogyasztói kockázatok, veszélyek ellenére az elmúlt években több millió tranzakciót indítottak kriptovalutákkal, a kriptovaluta befektetők száma is több millióra tehető. 2009ben a bitcoin protokoll közzétételét követő évben, hazánkban csak egy nagyon szűk réteg kezdett el érdeklődni a kriptovaluta befektetések iránt. Kutatásunkban Everett Rogers diffúziós elméletét felhasználva arra keressük a választ, hogy a kriptovaluta befektetők mennyire nyitottak az innovációra, mennyire tartoznak az innovátorok (újítók) közé. Vizsgáljuk, hogy a kriptovaluta befektetők innováció elfogadással kapcsolatos véleményei között különbséget lehet-e tenni demográfiai jellemzők alapján. Primer kutatásunk során kvantitatív jellegű, kérdőíves felmérésre került sor a kriptovalutával rendelkező befektetők körében. A kutatás megállapította, hogy az általunk vizsgált kriptovaluta befektetők többsége - a Rogers-féle diffúziós elméletet alapul véve - az innovátorok (a minta háromnegyede), vagy késői többség kategóriából kerül ki, akik fontosnak és szükségesnek érzik az innovációt, mely hozzájárul a blockchain technológián alapuló üzleti modellek elterjedéséhez. Ugyanakkor a vizsgálat eredményei cáfolták azt a hipotézist, mely korreláció mutatható ki az innováció elfogadása és a demográfia között.
Magyarországon főtevékenységként baromfi- és sertéságazattal foglalkozó vállalkozások pénzügyi helyzetének vizsgálata
Authors: Gergely Andrea , Fenyves Veronika , Harangi-Rákos Mónika
Published: November 2020

Kutatásunk témája a magyarországi baromfi és sertéságazat gazdasági, azon belül is a pénzügyi helyzetének vizsgálata a 2005-2015 közötti időszakban. Választásunk aktualitását a fogyasztási szerkezet átalakulása indokolja. Célunk egy részletes ágazati szintű elemzés készítése volt, mely hiánypótlónak tekinthető, mivel a két ágazat átfogó gazdasági helyzetét leíró elemzések száma csekély. Kutatásunk a két ágazat termelési és fogyasztási adatainak áttekintésével kezdtük mind hazai, mind pedig nemzetközi szinten. Az elemzéseink alapjául szolgáló adatbázist az Agrárgazdasági Kutató Intézet biztosította számunka. Az adatbázis a magyar baromfi és sertéságazat különböző mérleg és eredménykimutatás adatait tartalmazza 2005 és 2015 között. A 2015. évi adatok a Standard Termelési Érték alapján kialakított három méretkategória szerinti bontásban is rendelkezésünkre álltak. A kutatás elvégzése során a rendelkezésünkre álló számviteli beszámolók adatait vizsgáltuk mutatószámok segítségével. A mutatószámok között ok-okozati összefüggések kimutatását tűztük ki célul. Az eredményeink alapján megállapítható, hogy a két ágazat gazdasági helyzetének alakulása megegyező képet mutat a nemzetközi termelési és fogyasztási trendekkel.
Awareness on Social Health Insurance Scheme among Locals in Bhaktapur Municipality
Authors: Shrestha Marina Vaidya , Manandhar Naresh , Dhimal Megh Nath
Published: November 2020

Background: Illnesses impose a huge economic burden on individuals and families. Costly health care also discourages people from using health services thereby generating prolonged or worsened health problems. The recently endorsed National Health Insurance Policy forecasts the integration of all social health protection schemes thereby ultimately achieving universal coverage. The aim of this study was to find out the awareness of health insurance and evaluate source of information about health insurance.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 385 participants from 5 randomly selected wards of Bhaktapur Municipality on July 2019. Households with health insurance were selected. The interview was taken either from the head of the family or the family member who takes financial decisions in the house. Face to face interview was taken in local language (Newari). Good and poor categories on awareness were developed. Descriptive statistics was applied.

Results: Good awareness of social health Insurance scheme was found among 335(87.2%) participants. 99% of the participants showed the importance of social health insurance. The main source of information was insurance agents (47.3%) and female community health volunteers (28.6%). Regarding benefits of opting health insurance, 66.5 % of the participants stated that it would reduce out-of-pocket expenditure. 65.5% opined that it would help in case of emergency medical situations. About 91.9% of respondents wanted to renew their health insurance in future also.

Conclusions: Awareness regarding health insurance was found good, which shows the positive acceptance of social health Insurance scheme by community. Insurance agent and hemale community health volunteers (FCHV) seemed to have played an important role in dissemination of information.

Keywords: Awareness; Bhaktapur municipality; health insurance
Level of professional ethics awareness and medical ethics competency of dental hygienists and dental hygiene students: the need to add ethics items to the Korean Dental Hygienist Licensing Examination
Authors: Hwang Yoon-Sook , Jang Jong-Hwa , Kang Kyung-Hee , Kim Minji , Park Jeong-Ran , Son Sohyun , Lee Sun-Mi , Jeung Da-Yee , Ha Jung-Eun , Hong Su-Min , Jang Young-Eun
Published: November 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the level of professional ethics awareness and medical ethics competency in order to assess the potential need for ethics items to be included on the Korean Dental Hygienist Licensing Examination.Methods: In total, 358 clinical dental hygienists and dental hygiene students completed a structured questionnaire to evaluate their level of ethical awareness and medical ethics competency. The sub-factors of medical ethics were classified into relationships with patients, medical and social relations, and individual specialized fields.Results: Only 32.1% of participants indicated that they had taken a course on professional ethics in the university curriculum, but 95.2% of respondents considered professional ethics to be important. The overall score for medical ethics competency was average (3.37 out of 5). The score for relationships with patients was 3.75 points, followed by medical and social relations (3.19 points) and individual specialized fields (3.16 points). The level of professional ethics awareness was higher among participants who had taken a course on professional ethics than among those who had not done so or who did not remember whether they had done so.Conclusion: Dental hygienists were aware of the importance of professional ethics, but their medical ethics competency was moderate. Therefore, medical ethics should be treated as a required subject in the university curriculum, and medical ethics competency evaluations should be strengthened by adding ethics items to the Korean Dental Hygienist Licensing Examination.
Estimation of item parameters and examinees’ mastery probability in each domain of the Korean Medical Licensing Examination using a deterministic inputs, noisy “and” gate (DINA) model
Authors: Choi Younyoung , Seo Dong Gi
Published: November 2020

Purpose: The deterministic inputs, noisy “and” gate (DINA) model is a promising statistical method for providing useful diagnostic information about students’ level of achievement, as educators often want to receive diagnostic information on how examinees did on each content strand, which is referred to as a diagnostic profile. The purpose of this paper was to classify examinees of the Korean Medical Licensing Examination (KMLE) in different content domains using the DINA model.Methods: This paper analyzed data from the KMLE, with 360 items and 3,259 examinees. An application study was conducted to estimate examinees’ parameters and item characteristics. The guessing and slipping parameters of each item were estimated, and statistical analysis was conducted using the DINA model.Results: The output table shows examples of some items that can be used to check item quality. The probabilities of mastery of each content domain were also estimated, indicating the mastery profile of each examinee. The classification accuracy and consistency for 8 content domains ranged from 0.849 to 0.972 and from 0.839 to 0.994, respectively. As a result, the classification reliability of the cognitive diagnosis model was very high for the 8 content domains of the KMLE.Conclusion: This mastery profile can provide useful diagnostic information for each examinee in terms of each content domain of the KMLE. Individual mastery profiles allow educators and examinees to understand which domain(s) should be improved in order to master all domains in the KMLE. In addition, all items showed reasonable results in terms of item parameters.
İnşaat Sektöründe Tabakalı İşgücü Piyasasının İncelenmesi: Denizli İli Örneği
Authors: ŞENEL Dilek
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, tabakalı işgücü piyasası kuramının ortaya attığı; “iyi iş” – “kötü iş” ayrımını inşaat sektörü özelinde değerlendirip, kuramın geçerliliğini Türkiye örneği ile ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada nitel ve nicel araştırma yöntemleri bir arada kullanılmıştır. Nitel araştırma kapsamında Denizli ilinde, inşaat sektöründe faaliyet gösteren, iki ayrı inşaat firmasında çalışan 16 kişi ile derinlemesine mülakat yapılmıştır. Nicel araştırma kapsamında ise; Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu 2016 yılı Hane Halkı İşgücü Anketi Mikro Veri Setinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel bulgularına göre; Türkiye’de inşaat sektöründe çalışanların %95,9’u kötü işte çalışmaktadır. Araştırmanın nitel bulgularına göre ise iyi iş; yüksek ücretli, fiziki güç gerektirmeyen, sosyal etkinliklerin, çalışanına değer veren işverenlerin, sorumluluğun ve saygınlığın olduğu, kişinin kendisini geliştirebildiği, sosyal ihtiyaçlarının karşılanabildiği ve işyerinde aidiyet hissinin yaratılabildiği iştir. Kötü iş ise; düşük ücretli, fiziki güç gerektiren, kayıt dışı çalışmanın, mobbingin ve fazla mesainin söz konusu olduğu, çalışma koşullarının ve çalışanların görev tanımlarının belirgin olmadığı, çalışanların sorunlarını ifade edemediği ve meslek hastalığı riski ile karşılaşabildiği iştir.
Skelmorlie Aisle, Largs: its symbolism, form and functions
Authors: MacKechnie Aonghus
Published: November 2020

On account of its composition and relative completeness, the Skelmorlie Aisle in Largs is the most impressive structure of its type and period in the country. This article considers the aisle and its components, its structure and setting, as well as its history as far as the twentieth century, arguing that it was conceived as a single entity and that its purpose was connected with funeral ritual. It had a processional layout rarely seen in seventeenth-century Scotland, hinging on the triumphal arch inside, used here not for the living hero but for the deceased on their passage to life after death. The structure involved some of the top craftsmen associated with courtier works of the period and its composition was fundamentally shaped by masonic symbolism and proportion. There is also the tentative suggestion that the aisle signalled the covert Catholicism of a client who was outwardly Presbyterian.
Actividad antibacteriana del extracto etanólico de Caesalpina spinosa (Molina) Kuntze “tara” Fabaceae sobre bacterias de la biopelícula bucal
Authors: Pareja-Vásquez María , Pardo-Aldave Karina , Jurado-Teixeira Bertha , Guillen Alfredo , Romero-Coasaca Ada Carolina , Meneses-Rivadeneira Leopoldo
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Determinar la actividad antibacteriana, in vitro, del extracto etanólico de Caesalpinia spinosa “tara”, sobre cultivos de bacterias de la biopelícula bucal. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental in vitro, en el cual se comparó la actividad antibacteriana de un extracto etanólico de C. spinosa y controles (clorhexidina al 0,12% (CHX 0,12%), antiséptico bucal (AB), etanol y agua destilada), frente a cultivos de cepas de Streptococcus mutans (ATCC® 25175), Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC® 10556), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC® 29212), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC® 6538) y Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC® 30277). Se utilizó el método de difusión de agar con pocillos de 6 mm de diámetro, en el grupo experimental y controles. Resultados: Se evidenció que el promedio del halo de inhibición formado por la aplicación del extracto etanólico de C. spinosa sobre el S. aureus, fue mucho mayor que el obtenido con la CHX 0,12% o el AB (p<0,000). También se observó, que el promedio de halo de inhibición del extracto de C. spinosa fue mayor que los controles, frente a las cepas de S. sanguinis (p<0,000). Conclusión: La C. spinosa demostró tener actividad antibacteriana in vitro frente a la presencia de S. aureus, S. sanguinis, S. mutans y E. faecalis. No mostró actividad sobre la P. gingivalis.
Reseña histórica de vida y contribución del doctor Javier Arias-Stela
Authors: Takano-Morón Juan
Published: November 2020

El Dr. Javier Arias-Stella, destacado médico-patólogo peruano, es reconocido en el mundo médico por su descubrimiento que lleva su nombre: “Reacción-Arias-Stella”. Este descubrimiento que se inició en el Instituto de Patología de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, dirigido por el Profesor Pedro Weiss Harvey, fue el comienzo que, a lo largo de toda su vida, se expresa en contribuciones al conocimiento de la patología ginecológica, de la anatomía y patología cardiovascular y pulmonar de pobladores que viven en las grandes alturas de los Andes peruanos así como de otros aspectos de la patología. A la par del desarrollo de sus investigaciones, su actividad docente llevada a cabo en la UNMSM y en la UPCH tiene su expresión en el grupo de discípulos que exitosamente han ejercido y ejercen en el Perú y en el extranjero. El Dr. Arias-Stella también tuvo activa participación en la vida política del Perú.
Respuesta inflamatoria al Tocilizumab en pacientes con COVID-19 en Lima, Perú.
Authors: Balarezo-Aguilar Sebastián Javier , Fátima Linares-Delgado Mitchelle Solange de , Mayorga-Huallpa Valerie Sandra , Rivas-Arana Diego Alonso , Espinoza-Vargas Maria Grazia
Published: November 2020

Introducción: En el presente estudio se decribe el uso del Tocilizumab en pacientes con COVID-19, con deterioro clínico y que cumplan criterios establecidos previamente por un comité de expertos (IL-6 >40, Ferritina >500, PCR >10, Linfopenia <500.). Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, multicéntrico (3 hospitales privados de Lima, Perú) de un solo brazo con Tocilizumab (TCZ) en adultos hospitalizados con COVID-19. Los parámetros clínicos y de laboratorio se recolectaron previo a la aplicación del TCZ y 24-48 horas después del mismo. Los datos se analizaron con la media ± desvia-ción estándar para variables continuas y porcentajes para variables categóricas. La prueba t-student se usó para comparar las variables pre y post TCZ, usando SPSS (versión 23.0). Resultados: Se incluyó un total de 20 pacientes (edad 61.9 ± 12.7), con diagnóstico confirmado de Covid-19 mediante la prueba serológica o PCR. La mortalidad fue del 15% (3/20 pacientes). No se informaron de eventos adversos relacionados con TCZ.  Se observó una mejoría significativa en los niveles de recuento de la proteína C reactiva y plaquetas. Conclusiones: El TCZ no aumenta la mortalidad con respecto a otros estudios pacientes con COVID-19 y mejora el estado inflamatorio. Podría estar asociado a un evento protrombótico por la elevación del Dímero D y las plaquetas, pero se necesitan más estudios para estas conclusiones.
La expectativa de vida después de la cirugía bariátrica
Authors: Calderón-Velasco Rolando
Published: November 2020

Resumen
Discontinuous dependencies: Neural dynamics of incremental and non-adjacent constraints in spoken language comprehension
Authors: Vassileiou Benedict , Choi Hun , Fang Yuxing , Lyu Bingjiang , Tyler Lorraine K.
Published: November 2020

A fundamental property of spoken language comprehension is the rapid recognition and integration of words into the prior discourse, which provides constraints on the upcoming speech. Beyond incremental interpretation of adjacent words, the challenge is to understand how discontinuous words are integrated, as in garden-path sentences (e.g., "The dog walked in the park was brown"). To discover the timing (when) and neural location (where) of the key computations (what) involved in the processing of discontinuous dependencies, we combined time-resolved, source-localised EEG/MEG signals, probabilistic language models of different aspects of incremental processing using corpora, NLP models, and human behavioural data, and brain–model correlation techniques (RSA). We show that the initial semantic–syntactic integration of "The dog walked" into a scenario with the noun as the subject of the verb in bilateral fronto-temporal regions constrains the integration of the final verb "was" involving left-lateralised language-relevant and domain-general regions.
Preparation and Characterization of SnO2 Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Bilal Ahmad Thoker , Asif Ahmad Bhat , Atif Khurshid wani , Masood Ayoub Kaloo , Gulzar Ahmad Shergojri
Published: November 2020

To investigate morphological, optical and antibacterial properties of SnO2 nanoparticles which are synthesized by using an easy and affordable Sol-Gel method. By using various techniques such as XRD (X-ray Powder Diffraction), FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared), UV-Vis, PL, SEM (Search Engine Marketing), EDAX (Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis), the structural, optical, composition of elements and the size of the SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) has been discussed. The variation in properties of SnO2 as synthesized and at annealing temperatures has also been discussed. Size of tin oxide Nano particles from XRD is found in the range of 9-10 nm, and the lattice parameters about
a=b=4.73060A, c=3.690A. From UV-Vis it is found that the band gap of tin oxide decreases as we increase the temperature. Active efficiency of SnO2 NPs has been tested on Gram negative (E.coli) and gram positive (Micrococcus luteus) bacteria on the growth of pure culture using zone inhibition method.
Atividade Econômica e Inovação na Indústria Brasileira: uma análise com dados em painel (2010-2016)
Authors: Montenegro Rosa Lívia Gonçalves , Freire Débora , Resende Marco Flávio da Cunha , Libânio Gilberto
Published: November 2020

The aim of the present work is to analyze the relationship between the level of economic activity and technological innovation in Brazilian industry from 2010 to 2016. The central hypothesis of the paper is that the greater the economic activity, the higher the positive impact on the innovation rate, through channels such as the increase in investments in fixed capital and the improvement in the financing conditions for innovation activities. The analysis is based on a database of the first six years of the survey called Innovation Survey in which it was possible to obtain a panel segmented by four blocks of industrial sectors. These data were analyzed by means of panel data regression model that reveals the temporal evolution of the relation between the level of industrial activity and the rate of innovation of firms. The main result suggests that the overcoming of the current crisis and the consequent recovery of economic activity are important elements for the increase of innovation rates in the Brazilian industry.