bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Physics‐of‐failure Design Philosophy Applied to Flip‐chip Bonds
Authors: Pusarla C. , Dasgupta A. , Pecht M.G. , Christou A.
Published: February 2008

This paper presents an application of the physics‐of‐failure design philosophy to flip‐chip bonds in a microelectronic package. The physics‐of‐failure philosophy utilises knowledge of the life‐cycle load profile, package architecture and material properties to identify potential failure mechanisms and to prevent operational failures through robust design and manufacturing practices. The potential failure mechanisms and failure sites are identified in this paper for flip‐chip bonds, and an approach is presented to prevent the identified potential failure mechanisms by design. Finally, quality conformance issues are discussed to ensure a robust manufacturing process and qualification issues are addressed to evaluate the reliability of the designed flip‐chip bond.
Interferometric Micropositioning in the Planar Chip Insertion Technique for Multichip Modules (MCMs)
Authors: Vareille A. , Schiltz A. , Ballet P. , Hauüy J.C. , Thévenot L.
Published: February 2008

A novel planar insertion technique has been developed at the CNET, Grenoble. This technique, combining laser cutting and, in particular, micropositioning controlled by interferometric vision, allows chip‐to‐substrate interconnection using a microlithography process and also chip insertion into a substrate with no physical contact with the active surfaces. Holes in MCM substrates are made by moving the 15 micron spot of a YAG laser. The chip‐to‐substrate gap of 100 ?m is filled with UV curable epoxy resin in order to bind the chip to the substrate. Chip insertion into these holes is controlled by interferometric vision yielding a planar alignment better than 0.1 µm between the active surfaces (pads) of both chip and substrate; interferometric vision enables simultaneous measurements on many chosen pads of less than 100 µm square in one imaging zone. After epoxy resin curing, this planar alignment remains in the order of 1 µm. The micropositioning by interferometric vision described above has been demonstrated in the fabrication of HDTV modules with 19 chips; on each MCM, six different types of chips from 1 mm2 to 32 mm2 have been micropositioned using interferometric vision. The feasibility of micropositioning optical fibres is also shown.
A Survey of Techniques for Producing Known Good Die
Authors: Ball K.
Published: February 2008

Known good die (KGD) have been available, primarily for use in hybrids, for many years. The MCM industry is now becoming the driving force for new standards of die quality that may only be achieved by individual die test and burn‐in. High yielding MCM designs will depend on fully tested die being available. This paper examines the progress of known good die from its beginnings over 15 years ago to the methods now available for screening of die including various types of temporary die carrier. The survey also looks at the future of mass KGD using wafer level burn‐in and test. The success of KGD depends on choosing the correct screening option for a particular product to balance quality and cost. Selection criteria are therefore included for five main levels of KGD, each using a different screening technique. Also included is an overview of the temporary die carriers from TI/MMS and from National Semiconductors.
New Trends in Power Microelectronics DCB Packages
Authors: Kužel R. , Matějka M.
Published: February 2008

Direct copper bonded (DCB) alumina substrates are among sophisticated technical materials suitable for application in electronics, automotive and engineering industries. DCB substrates resist very severe operational conditions and assure high reliability. This technology provides alumina substrates which are very strongly bonded to copper foil, due to the solidified eutectic alloy Cu2O‐Al2O3 or a suitable vitreous solder. Such substrates are ideal for the construction of elements in microelectronics hybrid circuits, power circuits and devices. As the bonding layer of a solidified eutectic or vitreous solder is very thin, the thermal resistivity stays sufficiently low; in addition, the dilatation properties of DCB substrates are close to those of silicon. This enables soldering of large silicon chips without the risk of creating mechanical stress and allows for the production of devices with very high construction effectivity. Examples of such applications are potential‐free modules, bridge circuits, automotive ignition modules and Peltier elements. The vitreous bonding layers are advantageous for certain applications. State‐of‐the‐art DCB bonding technology was developed for DCB aluminium nitride substrates, which have even better thermal qualities.
PZT‐based Thick Films and the Development of a Piezoelectric Pressure Sensor
Authors: Morten B. , De Cicco G. , Gandolfi A. , Tonelli C.
Published: February 2008

A study has been carried out on the relationship between the composition, poling condition and piezoelectric properties of thick film layers. Pastes based on lead‐titanate‐zirconate (PZT) powders, with either PbO or a lead‐alumina‐silicate glass frit as binder, were prepared. Microstructure, electrical and mechanical properties were analysed. Processing and poling conditions modify these properties; then a wide latitude of opportunities is offered in the choice of ferroelectric/piezoelectric characteristics of the layers used as sensing elements for sensors. A pressure sensor was realised where a circular diaphragm of alumina supports two piezoelectric layers obtained by screen printing and firing a PZT/PbO‐based ferroelectric paste. The design and the performance characteristics are described.
Software for microcomputers in libraries and information units
Authors: Tedd Lucy A.
Published: February 2008

Microcomputers are increasingly being used in libraries and information units and this paper provides an overview of the software available for these applications. A description of a computer system's software is given as well as a checklist of points to consider when acquiring software. The available software is described under the headings of basic software, word processing software, database management systems, inhouse information retrieval software, software for assisting with the searching of external online information retrieval systems, inhouse library housekeeping software, and financial and management software. Many references are given as well as the names and addresses of organisations supplying software.
Problems related to interlinking online interactive library networks
Authors: Kilgour Frederick G.
Published: February 2008

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that electronic interlinking of two computerized library networks is an extremely difficult task requiring resolution of at least thirty‐six problems of various types even when both networks are within the same country, and resolution of another twelve if the link is to be international. During the past several years interlinking has been widely discussed, but the vast majority of discussants possessed little or no understanding of the problems involved. For them, the simple question was, “why can't I get a catalog record from another network?” This paper answers that question with a delineation of the unresolved problems that stand in the way of interlinkage.
A case for conversational cataloging
Authors: McAllister Caryl , Stratton McAllister A.
Published: February 2008

This paper discusses some of the characteristics of online cataloging systems. Two basic types of interaction with a cataloging system are distinguished:
The role of the library in the information society
Authors: Masuda Yoneji
Published: February 2008

In the future Information Society, the characteristics and functions of libraries will be greatly transformed, far more than professional librarians now realise. In this article we will consider first the three dimensional impact on libraries — technical, societal and the human dimension. This will be followed by a discussion of the future image of the library as an invisible automated record under global bibliographic control — a storehouse of human historical records.
Index creation on the Wang OIS 130
Authors: Thompson Judith
Published: February 2008

The following article describes a method of producing a fully descriptive back‐of‐the‐book type index on the Wang OIS 130 Word Processing System. It is not meant to be a detailed step‐by‐step instruction manual but rather a guideline for an editor, author or information provider in indexing documents, when one‐ or two‐word index entries as produced on the conventional Wang Index Generator are not adequate. The reader should have a basic knowledge of Wang systems.
The end of libraries
Authors: Thompson James
Published: February 2008

In terms of size, arrangement and catalogues, the conventional library has reached an organisational and financial impasse. Coincidentally there has emerged a pre‐emptive new technology for the storage, handling and transmission of information, potentially better suited to the convenience of users. Libraries may disappear like the dinosaurs; or they may, by returning to first principles, be able to adapt and successfully survive.
The local electronic library: science fiction or the real future?
Authors: Cuadra Carlos A.
Published: February 2008

At the 1983 annual meeting of the National Federation of Abstracting and Indexing Services, considerable attention was given to the topic of downloading, the process by which users of external online databases capture and store the results of on‐line inquiries in local computers, for further manipulation or re‐use of the data.
The computer applications in some libraries and information institutes in China
Authors: Xiang‐Dong Jiang , Xiao‐Quing Liu
Published: February 2008

This article gives a brief introduction to computer applications in information retrieval, library management and Chinese character processing in some information organisations in China. It outlines the history, present status and future trends of these aspects.
Multitype library networking: a framework for decision‐making
Authors: Griffiths Jose‐Marie , King Donald W.
Published: February 2008

Libraries and other information services are likely to be faced with continuing economic difficulties over the next decade. One of the most promising reliefs for them is networking and other forms of resource sharing. Unfortunately, networking has not yet achieved its full potential because of a lack of understanding of what networking is and how it can help individual organisations. Too often network structures have been imposed upon organisations without regard to their economic considerations or without their participation. In this paper we describe a framework for library networking that can be used for decision‐making by individual libraries, groups of cooperating libraries or centralised services. The framework consists of six interdependent dimensions including: functions to be performed, type of access to information, types of materials handled, products and services to be offered, networking configurations and communications means. An economic model based on the framework can be used to determine the levels within each of these dimensions that should be accomplished by the individual libraries, groups of libraries or a centralised service.
Evaluating software for microcomputers
Authors: Look Hugh E.
Published: February 2008

The key to successful use of microcomputers in library and information work, as in any other application, is software that carries out the desired operations efficiently. Much marketing impetus in the microcomputer world is devoted to hardware: perhaps because it is much easier to produce a glossy photograph of a computer than it is of a floppy disk with programs on it. By contrast, almost all experience of microcomputers leads to the conclusion that buyers and users should start a microcomputer project by choosing the software for the systems they propose to implement, and then select suitable hardware to run the chosen package.
Marion in the satellite age
Authors: Diebler Mary
Published: February 2008

It is 9 am as Marion the Librarian opens the door of the public library for another day at the hub of local interactive communications, information and education. She walks past the electronic book security system and into the darkened circulation area. Marion sees the blinking dials and hears the steady whirrs of the main computer that organizes, processes and communicates so much information each day. She checks the entire system: the OCLC terminals, the public access catalog terminal, the automated circulation system and its cable tv interface, the database access terminals and finally the terminal on her director's desk. Marion collects the printouts which were delivered via satellite last night—Mr. Clark's database search on nuclear power; a magazine article for Johnny's report on the Olympics; an updated index of new print and non‐print materials available for sharing from the state library; and the schedule for today's satellite video feeds. “Mr. Clark's boss will be pleased to get a twenty‐four hour turnaround on his information request,” she thinks to herself, “while I'm happy to have so much work accomplished overnight.” Marion walks over to the AV area to survey the preparations for a busy day: the studio is set to broadcast children's story hour to the local elementary schools via LTFS; the videotapes for today's cable access programming on the library channel are ready to be transmitted to the cable headend for cable‐casting; the conference room is ready for the dietitians coming to this afternoon's continuing education satellite video‐teleconference; and the videotape recorder is set with a blank tape to record today's subscription satellite video feeds from the National Satellite Library network.
Library automation in the Netherlands and Pica
Authors: Bossers Anton , Van Muyen Martin
Published: February 2008

The Pica Library Automation Network originated from a research project on catalogue automation on behalf of some Dutch research libraries in the years 1969–1975. The name Pica derives from this project: Project for Integrated Catalogue Automation. Since 1976 Pica has been a non‐profit‐organisation, sponsored by the Dutch government, for the realisation of an online automated library network in The Netherlands, based on a centralised bibliographic database in which information is stored only once. Satellite library systems as well as other associated systems are provided with information from this central database. Duplication of efforts needs to be eliminated. In 1983 the following Pica‐systems became operational:
Developing custom software and merging with an existing retrieval system: a case study
Authors: Shockley Cynthia W. , Hinds Timothy H.
Published: February 2008

The stages of effort undertaken by the National Epilepsy Library and Resource Center of the Epilepsy Foundation of America to dovetail an off‐the‐shelf database retrieval package with a custom correspondence response package are presented. In a Wang VS‐80 minicomputer environment, a concept for a package to streamline the process of answering 25,000 queries from the general public, using an in‐place resources database for referral requirements, was developed. A methodical and thorough system design phase emphasizing operator friendliness and top‐down design coupled with appropriate experience with the Wang operating system was essential for success. Involving staff who possessed different operational perspectives in the system testing stage is recommended. Suggestions on how to avoid oversights in all these critical stages are presented. The original flexibility designed into the software has produced a package that can be enhanced in order to remain responsive to the Foundation's needs in the years to come.
Library computerisation in areas remote from major centres of computerisation: some influencing factors
Authors: Margaret Lodder N.
Published: February 2008

Problems are experienced when introducing computerised systems by libraries in countries remote from the major centres of development and expertise in the field of library computerisation. Main problems identified are those of lack of expertise of librarians and of hardware and software suppliers, a limited market for such systems in these ‘remote’ countries and hence a limited range of appropriate hardware and particularly software available or marketed, a reliance on the products and support of major computer suppliers, and access to relatively limited resources leaving little scope for the adaptation of existing library software to suit local needs or for the development of new systems. Solutions to these problems lie in cooperation and coordination of library computerisation so that maximum benefit can be derived from available resources and expertise, a conscious effort being made to become as self‐reliant as available resources will allow, the use of library systems developed abroad with as little adaptation as possible being made to them, the careful evaluation of those systems available as well as of their suppliers, and possibly in future a greater use of dedicated mini‐ and microcomputer‐based systems as such systems become more readily available. The problems and solutions discussed are illustrated by referring to the experience of library computerisation in the Republic of South Africa.
Micro‐automation — the problems of selection
Authors: Armstrong C.J.
Published: February 2008

Two major issues to face many libraries today stem directly from the increased processing power and the consequential increased availability of the microcomputer. As the public become increasingly aware of the potential which microcomputers possess, a second wave of professional use is catching up with the first wave of enthusiast and hobbyist use. This second wave includes small businesses, industry, schools and increasingly, libraries. Initially use centred on word processing, spreadsheet and database management packages, and any further diversification tended to centre on these types of activity. One immediate issue — with which this paper does not deal — is the need for libraries to meet a new demand, and supply both machines and software — either on loan or for use within the library. The second issue, which forms the basis of this paper, is the acquisition of small computer systems by libraries for their own use. Before the microcomputer became available as a solution to the problem of automation — or partial automation — only two possibilities presented themselves and both were really only practicable to the larger library. Automation could be achieved via an expensive minicomputer or via substantial access to the mainframe of a parent institution; alternatively automation has more recently been possible through one of the larger consortia such as OCLC or SWALCAP. However, budgetary considerations or stock movement may determine that many libraries are too small to consider either of these possibilities and most industrial, government or school libraries would usually be included in this category. It is for these small libraries that microcomputers offer an excellent in‐house answer to automation.
Merging catalog entries from various countries into an online union catalog
Authors: Kilgour Frederick G.
Published: February 2008

Introduction This paper will examine the possibility of constructing an online international union catalog from machine readable entries originating in different countries. Benefits of such a union catalog would be extensive, since it would greatly increase availability of library resources internationally and reduce rates of rise of processing costs in participating libraries. The discussion of catalog entries will be limited to descriptive cataloging and will include only title and author elements, only catalog entries originating in different language regions, and only catalog entries in machine readable form.
F.I.L.L.S., Fast Library Loans & Statistics
Authors: Brooks Jo Ann
Published: February 2008

The F.I.L.L.S. package will undoubtedly save considerable time in handling interlibrary loan requests. It makes use of previously‐entered names, addresses and titles so that these do not have to repeatedly keyboarded, but can be easily called up from storage. It can produce interlibrary loan forms and it generates summaries that will come in handy when the library's annual report is due.
ZyINDEX:a powerful indexing & searching package
Authors: Portoghese Christine
Published: February 2008

For anyone who wants to free‐text search their text files, whether created by a word‐processor or downloaded from other sources, ZyINDEX is the answer. It accomplishes this complex task, has many powerful features, and is easy to learn and to use: a rare combination. The standard version is recommended for floppy disk based computers and the professional version for computers with a hard disk.
An analytical approach to information management
Authors: Gillman PeterL.
Published: February 2008

Information units have tended historically to operate as groups independent from their user populations. New technologies have generally been adopted within this operating pattern in order to carry out certain specific tasks. There has been little planned interaction between recording, storage, retrieval and dissemination functions. The electronic technologies, in terms of the potential which they offer for capturing and re‐using information; and their pervasive introduction within organisations, offer the chance to re‐evaluate information services and the products which they generate. The nature of information management is described, and a broad plan for carrying out an information audit is provided.
KWIC‐REF/1 for document storage and retrieval
Authors: Cathcart Gerald
Published: February 2008

KWIC‐REF/1 is a very stable and powerful storage, indexing and retrieval tool. It is particularly suited for general document storage and retrieval. The package allows full text storage of documents and easy reference through keywords. It is simple to use and quick at sorting and selecting documents. Priced reasonably, it can be useful for smaller special libraries, for issue files in larger libraries and for filing client and business correspondence.
STATUS: free text retrieval
Authors: Kissel Rich
Published: February 2008

STATUS is an extremely powerful and useful database management package. It offers very rapid response time for searches and provides for storage of free text entries. However, STATUS is not for the casual microcomputer user. It requires diligent study to be able to make use of the full potential of this package.
Word Finder: an electronic thesaurus
Authors: Judy Joseph R.
Published: February 2008

Word Finder is a package that works. It is easy to use and can enhance the creative writing process. Word Finder will display synonyms in seconds, and replace one word with a better one in a few keystrokes.
HARD WARE corner
Authors: Falk Howard
Published: February 2008

We have followed recent developments in computer hardware library and information uses in these pages. Readers have likely noticed that the emphasis has been on equipment for micro/ personal computers. That will continue to be the focus here.
Microcomputer application in a library for document ordering and delivery
Authors: Pistorius J.M. , Smith J.W.
Published: February 2008

The CSTI Document Delivery Service (DDS) of the South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) was compelled to examine alternative systems for request handling, record keeping and invoicing when its manual system could no longer cope with the ever increasing volume of requests. A fully computerised system on microcomputer was chosen and developed by a senior programmer in the Institute. It is now possible for a relatively small staff to handle the large and increasing volume of requests routinely and with ease. The system is also used for in‐house invoicing, accounts queries, credit control and automatic generation of statistics for record keeping and forward planning. This system has proved to be very flexible and it has led to a number of initially unforeseen advantages. One such advantage is electronic request transmission to the British Library Lending Division (BLLD) on its Automatic Request Transmission (ARTTel) system. Another is the possibility of using a similar system for the transmission of requests to the CSIR's Scientific Liaison Offices overseas. The link to the CSIR computer network also presents the possibility of using the DDS microcomputer as a terminal on the mainframe for archival purposes and for accessing the electronic mail service.
The Western Library Network
Authors: Wasser David
Published: February 2008

The past couple of years have been years of change for the Western Library Network, and more changes are being planned. The online bibliographic network has grown in size, changed its name and made the transition to microcomputers. All the while, the network has managed to maintain the integrity of its authority control, the feature which draws and holds many of WLN's participants.
Hardware corner
Authors: Falk Howard
Published: February 2008

Many organisations now find that their computer requirements are well‐defined, or at least well‐established. And in many cases it is clear that a single personal computer will not fill those requirements. Fortunately, many different equipment choices are available to meet the concurrent needs of several computer users economically.
The production of printed subject indexes by microcomputer
Authors: Guy R.F. , Cairnes T.P.
Published: February 2008

A case for the production of printed subject indexes is made. The MICROPSI package which allows the production of NEPHIS (NEsted PHrase Indexing System) and KWAC (Key Word And Context) indexes on a microcomputer is described.
Optical disk storage
Authors: Falk Howard
Published: February 2008

Descriptions of optical disk equipment usually begin with terms like CD‐ROM or WORM, leaving the reader to grope for some understanding of what the equipment does. In that frame of mind, it can be difficult to think of creative ways to use the huge capacities offered by optical disks. And, there is little basis for constructive thought about the relative advantages of one type of equipment compared to another.
Videotex in libraries and information centres
Authors: Yeates Robin
Published: February 2008

“…the process of information transfer always ends in a human mind, where its effect is inescapably subjective…it is the satisfaction of the subject which determines the success of the system, not the elegance of its engineering, or the sophistication of its software.” “The great problem for libraries is how to connect the inarticulate with the incomprehensible, how to bring the silent needs of their readers into communication with the voluble capabilities of information technologies. It is exactly here that librarians have a vital, interpretive role to play”
Hardware corner
Authors: Falk Howard
Published: February 2008

Magnetic tape units provide personal computer users with an economical and simple method to safeguard files stored on hard disks. We will take a look at currently‐available tape units, but first it seems appropriate to describe briefly the role these units play, and to consider some alternative types of equipment.
Naisbitt's Megatrends: some implications for the electronic library
Authors: Suyak Alloway Catherie
Published: February 2008

The best‐selling book Megatrends, written by John Naisbitt, has been cited in numerous library and information science publications and talks since its appearance in 1982 Megatrends was bound to capture the attention of the librarians, since it boldly proclaims on page one that no shift “is more subtle, yet more explosive” than the change from an industrial to an information society. It has further appeal because many of the changes documented in Megatrends can be observed in libraries and the institutions and organizations they serve; moreover, the trends provide a framework from which to assess the status and direction of the information professions. This article will examine the several megatrends as they apply to the electronic library and will suggest appropriate plans of action.
Tasting wine and library software
Authors: Jacsò Peter
Published: February 2008

“Is it the wine or the subject of your next editorial which makes you look so meditative?” — I teased David Raitt on climbing back into the bus when returning from a wine tasting party we both attended along with 350 librarians and information specialists from fifty‐three countries who participated in the recent Second International Conference on the Application of Microcomputers in Information, Documentation and Libraries, in Baden‐Baden.
Hardware corner
Authors: Falk Howard
Published: February 2008

It is quite common to find organizations in which several personal computers are in use. Most of the time, the people sitting at these computers will type into their keyboard and look at their display screens. Then, once in a while, they will want to call on a little printer to put their work into ‘hard copy’ form.
ILL Micro Enhancer: For OCLC interlibrary loans
Authors: Stigleman Sue
Published: February 2008

For users of the OCLC M300 workstation and the OCLC Interlibrary Loan Subsystem, the ILL Micro Enhancer provides a way to perform some tasks in an automatic batch‐processing mode. The package performs reliably and accurately, and it can save libraries money in both staff time and OCLC connect time.
Automation of the CAS Document Delivery Service.
Authors: Steensland M.C. , Soukup K.M.
Published: February 2008

This paper describes the automation of the retrieval of online orders for the CAS Document Delivery Service. By shifting from a process using stand‐alone terminal to a process linked to a Unix network, we were able to improve the productivity of the staff responsible for operating the service and the speed with which electronic orders were dispatched. A similar shift could be used by other companies to capture online information from external sources.
Making printer choices
Authors: Falk Howard
Published: February 2008

Hundreds of different printer models are offered to computer users. To take advantage of the rich selection, it is best to first choose the kind of printer that will fill your particular applications, then zero in on some of the most suitable choices within that kind.
Public Domain Software on File
Authors: Jackson Lynn
Published: February 2008

Public Domain Software on File offers a great wealth of programs on subjects that range from biorhythm to physics. Many of these can be of great use to many people. However, the package also contains many programs which do not seem useful at all. If you would like to substantially increase your software collection at one fell swoop, this might be the package for you. It contains 20 floppy disks with 250 programs, each of which can be copied selectively to meet special needs. The categories covered are: Business, Education, Graphics, Home Management, Music, Utilities and Potpourri.
Microcomputer database management systems for bibliographic data
Authors: Pollard Richard
Published: February 2008

Relatively little microcomputer software has been designed specifically for the storage and retrieval of bibliographic data. Information retrieval packages for mainframes and minicomputers have been scaled down to run on microcomputers, however, these programs are expensive, unwieldy, and inflexible. For this reason, microcomputer database management systems (DBMS) are often used as an alternative. In this article, criteria for evaluating DBMS used for the storage and retrieval of bibliographic data are discussed. Two popular types of microcomputer DBMS, file management systems and relational database management systems, are evaluated with respect to these criteria. File management systems are appropriate when a relatively small number of simple records are to be stored, and retrieval time for multi‐valued data items is not a critical factor. Relational database management systems are indicated when large numbers of complex records are to be stored, and retrieval time for multi‐valued data items is critical. However, successful use of relational database management systems often requires programming skills.
Small is not necessarily beautiful…or is it?
Authors: Keenan Stella
Published: February 2008

When the Fédération Internationale de Documentation (FID) was invited to organise a session at the Second International Conference on the Application of Microcomputers in Information, Documentation and Libraries, held in Baden‐Baden in March 1986, it was felt that it could be useful to depart from the normal formal paper presentations and panels sessions. As the proposed session was in fact the last technical session scheduled in a five‐day Conference which had considered microcomputers from many different aspects, a change in style might be appreciated by the delegates.
Turbo Lightning: Spelling correction as you type
Authors: Yerkey Neil
Published: February 2008

Turbo Lightning is an effective and easy to use package that monitors what the user types, and beeps whenever it thinks a word has been misspelled. It works best if you have a hard disk and 256K or more Ram memory. Users can draw on pull‐down lists of “sound‐alike words” and a thesaurus to replace incorrect or misspelled words automatically.
Sensible Grammar: Electronic proofreader
Authors: Betts Francis M.
Published: February 2008

This package is designed to check word‐processor files for errors in punctuation, basic grammar and phrasing.
Hardware corner
Authors: Falk Howard
Published: February 2008

If you had been using a 300 bit per second (bps) modem, then switched to a 1200 bps unit, as so many users did a couple of years ago, you were probably impressed with the changes you saw. Transmissions that would slowly sweep across lines of text at 300 bps began pumping out those lines at heartbeat rates.
Optical scanning for retrospective conversion of information
Authors: Hein Morten
Published: February 2008

The method of doing retrospective conversion by means of optical scanning and computer formatting is discussed. An historical survey of research in such applications is given as background. Applications, named OSCID, are considered as important for making low priced machine‐readable data representing older material. OSCID applications could be of special interest for information systems within humanities.
Microcomputer Audit Guide
Authors: Adkins Meredith C. , Lucas Kathleen C.
Published: February 2008

Editor's note: When I came across this article as part of my routine journal scanning, I thought what a useful checklist this could be for electronic library managers, who have installed or are considering installing micros in their libraries. I am delighted to report that the publisher of the journal in which the article appeared, A. James Andrews, concurs with my view and has graciously agreed that it may be reprinted in The Electronic Library.
Hardware corner
Authors: Falk Howard
Published: February 2008

Planning to add a hard disk to your computer? One of the possibilities you should consider is a unit that combines the disk with a magnetic tape drive. The disk will store your data; the tape will provide the backup security you need to protect against loss of valuable files.
Paperback Speller: A stand‐alone package
Authors: Yerkey Neil
Published: February 2008

Paperback Speller is a fast, smooth‐running, easy‐to‐use package. Although its dictionaries are small compared to those of some other spelling checkers, it has unique features that make it as effective as any I have seen. Especially helpful is its ability to skip over subsequent encounters with suspect words, display possible replacement words, and quickly correct misspelled words. Also useful is the ability to flag double words, look up spellings and undo errors. Some features, such as suffix guessing and erasing letters after punctuation are not all that helpful. At the price, it is a bargain if you want a stand‐alone spelling checker.
Interlibrary loan and document delivery using telefacsimile transmission: Part I. Preliminary study
Authors: Anandh Havelin
Published: February 2008

The National Library of Canada (NLC) tested telefacsimile transmission of information in a pilot project with the Nova Scotia Provincial Library and the University of Alberta Library from October 1985 to March 1986. Participants used telefacsimile transmission for interlibrary loan messaging as well as document delivery. The general findings were that 99% of the material transmitted was acceptable, with 70% being good in terms of quality and 25% being very good. Turnabout time, i.e. average time between requests being received at NLC to the time the telefacsimile transmitted documents were received at the participating libraries, was 2.34 days compared to 10.9 days when priority post was used. Costs worked out to approximately $26.46 per item compared to 75 cents via priority post. In Part I, the background to the telefacsimile trial is described together with a discussion of the features of telefacsimile and why it was considered as a means of document delivery. A preliminary study to assess telefacsimile equipment and suitable participating libraries for the experiment is also described. In Part II (to be published in the next issue) the actual telefacsimile trial itself will be described along with a discussion of the results and benefits and drawbacks of telefacsimile for interlibrary loans. Based on a presentation at the 14th Annual CAIS Conference, Vancouver, Canada, 24–28 June, 1986.
Hardware corner
Authors: Falk Howard
Published: February 2008

Optical scanning equipment is designed to enter information from printed and type‐written pages into a computer to organise and present information while eliminating the need for laborious keyboarding of text.
Framework II: Database plus
Authors: Prochnow Dave
Published: February 2008

Users with a need for an efficient database and for a variety of integrated functions will appreciate Framework II. Unlike most integrated packages, it does not suffer from the hindrance of a copy protection scheme.
Interlibrary loan and document delivery using telefacsimile transmission: Part II. Telefacsimile project
Authors: Anand Havelin
Published: February 2008

The National Library of Canada (NLC) tested telefacsimile transmission of information in a pilot project with the Nova Scotia Provincial Library and the University of Alberta Library from October 1985 to March 1986. Participants used telefacsimile transmission for interlibrary loan messaging as well as document delivery. The general findings were that 99% of the material transmitted was acceptable, with 70% being good in terms of quality and 25% being very good. Turnabout time, i.e. average time between requests being received at NLC to the time the telefacsimile transmitted documents were received at the participating libraries, was 2.34 days compared to 10.9 days when priority post was used. Costs worked out to approximately $26.46 per item compared to 75 cents via priority post. In Part I (see The Electronic Library, 5, 1, February 1987), the background to the telefacsimile trial was described together with a discussion of the features of telefacsimile and why it was considered as a means of document delivery. A preliminary study to assess telefacsimile equipment and suitable participating libraries for the experiment was also described. In Part II, the three phases of the telefacsimile implementation plan are described and the results of the six‐month trial relating to volume of transactions, quality of transmission, turnaround time, costs and human resources, and equipment operation are discussed. The conclusions drawn and a summary of the benefits and potential of telefacsimile for interlibrary loans are also given. Based on a presentation at the 14th Annual CAIS Conference, Vancouver, Canada, 24–28 June 1986.
Index Maker: Automatic indexing from word‐processor text
Authors: Rose Leonard
Published: February 2008

The Index Maker package automatically produces tables of contents and indexes from ASCII text files. The index it produced from a five‐page legal document appeared to be comprehensive. However, this reviewer found its operation too slow for regular use in his office.
Alpha/three: One file at a time
Authors: McFarland Bob
Published: February 2008

The simplicity of operation provided by Alpha/three makes it a very useful tool, particularly for non‐programmers. The package can also be used to transfer and exchange records, from computer to computer and with other database packages.
Searching the intelligent gateway EasyNet — the end‐user's point of view
Authors: Larsen Gitte
Published: February 2008

EasyNet is an American‐based, menu‐driven information retrieval system which links untrained users to over 800 databases from nearly twenty online service vendors. The system has recently become available in Europe. Following a discussion of the confusion surrounding such gateway and front end systems, the EasyNet system is briefly explained and the methodology of a trial set up in Denmark during June 1986 to test EasyNet is described. The results of the test and an evaluation of end‐users' comments on EasyNet are discussed in terms of user‐friendliness, user satisfaction, user problems and value for money aspects. A number of general observations are also made.
Databases on CD‐ROM: comparative factors for purchase
Authors: Peters Charles
Published: February 2008

CD‐ROM databases are offered by publishers with enhancements over their print and online alternatives to induce librarians among other end‐users to subscribe to them in this format. This format for databases enables users to do unlimited searching at a fixed cost among other enhancements. Additionally, compact disc offers downloading facilities for personal computer use with such features as word‐processing, spreadsheets and electronic notepads which mimic outliner programs to assist subscribers in using databases in this format. Databases embedded in compact disc technology are becoming accepted as an alternative dissemination format to those embedded in other media for end‐user searching in libraries. The librarian should serve as an effective conduit in calling such products to the attention of users needing information placed in CD‐ROM media format. This article will examine some factors comparing CD‐ROM databases with their print and online analogues.
Adaptation of complex data structures for processing on standardised microcomputer software: The case of Agris and Inmagic
Authors: Woodward Tony
Published: February 2008

Inmagic is a powerful and popular information storage and retrieval package from Head Computers that runs on a number of microcomputer systems. It is relatively easy to use for retrieval as the search language is based on plain English and the construction of search and output statements is based on English sentence construction.
Mist+: Tools for tailoring communications applications
Authors: Lundeen Gerald
Published: February 2008

Mist+ is an integrated software package that combines telecommunications, text processing and database management with a programming language that enables the user to tailor the system for a range of applications. The result is a relatively powerful and flexible yet easy‐to‐use package for applications developers. The package is so well integrated and logically consistent that it begins to make sense after using it only a short time.
Total Recall
Authors: Schütz Harald
Published: February 2008

Total Recall is a program designed to retrieve information from text files. It is available from Packet Press, Suite 110, 14704 Seneca Castle Court, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA. The software runs on the IBM PC, XT, AT or IBM compatible and requires DOS 2.0 or higher and at least 256K Ram. The software is priced at $39.50. The review that follows is of version 1.0 of the software.
PFS: Professional File: Easy file management
Authors: Harter Stephen P.
Published: February 2008

PFS: Professional File is a well‐designed file management package that is easy to use, comes with excellent documentation, and is only moderately expensive.
Power Base: File‐linking capabilities
Authors: McFarland Bob
Published: February 2008

PowerBase is an impressive product that should provide the database capabilities that most business organisations require. It is easy for novices to set up and use. However, this database is designed to organise and retrieve short, descriptive items with a maximum of eighty characters per field and is not suitable for handling longer text descriptions.
Worms in the field
Authors: Abbott David
Published: February 2008

Computer and Aerospace Components Ltd (CACL) markets the ‘Intelligent Archive’ family of products based around a Worm optical disc drive, comprising (besides the Worm) an Image Scanner, Text Retrieval, OCR and Image‐handling software. From its first sale to Channel 4 Television in June 1986, CACL has continued to implement its range of systems in a wide variety of blue‐chip companies and government departments. CA CL probably has more experience than anyone of Worm‐based applications and presents below its view of the marketplace and several client case studies.
An integrated online library system as a node in a local area network: The Mitre experience
Authors: Coyle Kidwell Mary
Published: February 2008

In the Spring of 1985, the library at the Mitre Corporation in Washington, DC, installed OCLC's LS/2000 integrated library system as a turnkey system on a Data General S‐140 minicomputer housed in the company's computer center. Access to the system was to be via the existing Sytek local area network. This paper is intended to convey the issues the library faced in designing, implementing and offering LS/2000 to users via the LAN. Discussed are LAN issues in general and how each was addressed at Mitre. They include: requirements, equipment, reliability, growth, security and traffic. The installation of the LAN and system interface is addressed next, followed by the benefits accrued by the use of a LAN for an online library system, includ‐ing: a. Convenience of the online public catalog. b. Increased visibility for the library within the organization. c. Further electronic communications with users. d. Shared resources. Finally, the drawbacks of using a LAN are probed, including: a. Distance of the user from library staff. b. Reliability of the LAN. c. Security problems. d. User expectations.
Reference sources on CD‐ROM at Indiana University
Authors: Bristow Ann
Published: February 2008

This paper describes the practical experience of a reference department in a large academic research library (Indiana University, Bloomington) using several different CD‐ROM products. Equipment and staffing problems and solutions are discussed together with user reaction. Also touched on is the impact of optical technology on both the Library's fee‐based online search service and on its planning for the future. It is concluded that optical technology has provided an immediately available satisfactory solution to a long‐identified problem.
Notebook II: A text database with indexing and retrieval
Authors: Snow Carl E.
Published: February 2008

Notebook II is a well designed text database with capabilities that go beyond the usual limitations of standard database programs. Outstanding features include built‐in editors for data entry and for creating custom output, search commands, and utilities for importing data and restructuring files. Notebook II runs on IB MIPCs and compatible computers. It sells for $189 from Pro/Tern Software, Inc. 814 Tolman Drive, Stanford, CA 94305. (415) 947‐1000.
Procurement of a talking terminal for partially sighted operators
Authors: Nickson H.R.
Published: February 2008

This article describes the installation of a workstation for a partially‐sighted programmer that can magnify the text on the computer screen and can ‘read’ the text as well as displaying it. The workstation is connected to a mainframe computer.