bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New multiferroic BiFeO3 with large polarization
Authors: Zhang Runqing , Hu Peiju , Bai Lingling , Xie Xing , Dong Huafeng , Wen Minru , Mu Zhongfei , Zhang Xin , Wu Fugen
Published: February 2022

This paper discovers two new structures of multiferroic BiFeO3 and investigates the ferroelectric polarization source.
Electron and ion spectroscopy of the cyclo-alanine–alanine dipeptide
Authors: Chiarinelli Jacopo , Barreiro-Lage Darío , Bolognesi Paola , Richter Robert , Zettergren Henning , Stockett Mark H. , Díaz-Tendero Sergio , Avaldi Lorenzo
Published: February 2022

The VUV photoionisation and photofragmentation of cyclo-alanine-alanine (cAA) has been studied in a joint experimental and theoretical work. The photoelectron spectrum and the photoelectronphotoion coincidence (PEPICO) measurements, which enable control of the energy being deposited, combined with quantum chemistry calculations, provide direct insight into the cAA molecular stability after photoionisation. The analysis of the ion-neutral coincidence experiments with the molecular dynamics simulations and the exploration of the potential energy surface allows a complete identification of the fragmentation pathways. It has been found that the fragmentation always start with the ring opening through the C–C bond cleavage, followed by release of neutral moieties CO or HNCO.
Direct analysis of tree rings using laser ablation-ICP-MS and quantitative evaluation of Zn and Cu using filter paper as a solid support for calibration
Authors: Moreau Pedro dos Santos , Arruda Marco Aurélio Zezzi
Published: February 2022

This work aims to study and apply filter paper as calibration solid supports, in order to avoid matrix and fractionation effects, for the quantification of two essential elements of trees, Cu and Zn, in tree-ring samples, using LA-ICP-MS.
Synthesis of 2-styryl-quinazoline and 3-styryl-quinoxaline based sulfonate esters via sp3 C–H activation and their evaluation for α-glucosidase inhibition
Authors: Satyanarayana Neeli , Sree Boddu Ramya , Sathish Kota , Nagaraju Sakkani , Divakar Kalivarathan , Pawar Ravinder , Shirisha Thangellapally , Kashinath Dhurke
Published: February 2022

Synthesis of 2-styryl-quinazolines and 3-styryl-quinoxaline based sulfonates is reported via sp3 C–H functionalization in the presence of triethylamine (10 mol%).
Photoluminescent polymer micelles with thermo-/pH-/metal responsibility and their features in selective optical sensing of Pd(ii) cations
Authors: Takebuchi Haruka , Jin Ren-Hua
Published: February 2022

A diblock copolymer consisting of a hydrophobic photoluminescent block and hydrophilic thermo-responding block self-assembled into micelles in aqueous media, which showed remarkable multi-responding ability to heat, pH, metal ions and light.
Correction: Concentrations and properties of ice nucleating substances in exudates from Antarctic sea-ice diatoms
Authors: Xi Yu , Mercier Alexia , Kuang Cheng , Yun Jingwei , Christy Ashton , Melo Luke , Maldonado Maria T. , Raymond James A. , Bertram Allan K.
Published: February 2022

Correction for ‘Concentrations and properties of ice nucleating substances in exudates from Antarctic sea-ice diatoms’ by Yu Xi et al., Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 2021, 23, 323–334, DOI: 10.1039/D0EM00398K.
Highly efficient synthesis of 3,4-diarylbutadiene sulfones using Heck–Matsuda reaction
Authors: Shurupova Olga V. , Rzhevskiy Sergey A. , Minaeva Lidiya I. , Topchiy Maxim A. , Asachenko Andrey F.
Published: February 2022

An efficient and facile Pd-catalyzed synthesis of 3,4-diarylbutadiene sulfones with high regioselectivity from aryldiazonium salts and butadiene sulfone was developed.
Tracing shape memory effect and elastic bending in a conformationally flexible organic salt
Authors: Hasija Avantika , Ranjan Subham , Guerin Sarah , Mangalampalli S. R. N. Kiran , Takamizawa Satoshi , Chopra Deepak
Published: February 2022

Reversible responses as a result of thermal and mechanical stimuli are investigated for an organic salt polymorph. The dissipation of strain occurs by conformational and rotational changes in molecule leading to exhibition of shape memory effect.
Control of non-productive RNA polymerase II transcription via its early termination in metazoans
Authors: Rouvière Jérôme O. , Lykke-Andersen Søren , Jensen Torben Heick
Published: February 2022

Transcription establishes the universal first step of gene expression where RNA is produced by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The most versatile of eukaryotic RNA polymerases, RNA polymerase II (Pol II), transcribes a broad range of DNA including protein-coding and a variety of non-coding transcription units. Although Pol II can be configured as a durable enzyme capable of transcribing hundreds of kilobases, there is reliable evidence of widespread abortive Pol II transcription termination shortly after initiation, which is often followed by rapid degradation of the associated RNA. The molecular details underlying this phenomenon are still vague but likely reflect the action of quality control mechanisms on the early Pol II complex. Here, we summarize current knowledge of how and when such promoter-proximal quality control is asserted on metazoan Pol II.
Etablierung eines standardisierten Untersuchungsverfahrens zur sonographischen Darstellung und Beurteilung des skapholunären Bandes
Authors: Handschak Tino , Hofmann Gunther , Braunschweig Rainer , Tamouridis Georgios , Siemers Frank
Published: February 2022

Hintergrund: Der Ultraschall ist in der Diagnostik der skapholunären Bandläsion (SL-Band) noch nicht etabliert. Ziel war es, ein standardisiertes Untersuchungsverfahren zur Darstellung und Kriterien zur Beurteilung des SL-Bandes zu entwickeln.

Patienten und Methoden: Es wurden prospektiv 40 Patienten (70 Hände) sonographisch untersucht und mit Arthroskopie oder Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) verglichen. Betrachtet wurden die Darstellbarkeit desSL-Bandes, der SL-Abstand im Seitenvergleich sowie ein Methodenvergleich von MRT und Arthroskopie zur Sonographie durchgeführt. Geprüft wurde auf Unterschiede und Übereinstimmung. Es wurden Cut-off-Werte für den SL-Abstand für eine Läsion bestimmt und alle Parameter zur Erstellung eines Scores verwendet.

Ergebnisse: Ein intaktes Band erscheint als hyperechogene, fibrilläre Struktur und zeigt bei Verletzung Banddiskontinuitäten oder einen hypoechogenen Raum. Ein intaktes Band war dorsal in 89,6 % und palmar in 83,3 % darstellbar. Der Abstand für ein intaktes Band betrug dorsal/Mitte/palmar 5/2/5,1 mm (Bereich 3,2–6,7/0,9–4/3,1–7,8 mm), bei Läsion 6,4/3/6,3 mm (5–9,4/2–6,2/4–9,3 mm). Linke und rechte Hand unterschieden sich bei intaktem Band maximal um 2,1/1,1/1,8 mm, im Mittel um 0,4/0,2/0,2 mm und bei Verletzung um 1,2/0,9/1,1 mm. Radial- und Ulnarduktion zeigten physiologische, z. T. jedoch unvorhersehbare Abstandswerte. Als Cut-off-Werte für eine Läsion wurden dorsal (Sensitivität/Spezifität) 5,05 mm (0,95/0,60), Mitte 1,95 mm (1/0,62) und palmar 6,15 mm (0,55/0,85) ermittelt. Der erstellte sonographische SL-Band-Score besitzt eine hohe AUC (Area under the curve) von 0,93, eine Sensitivität von 85 % und eine Spezifität von 90 %.

Schlussfolgerung: Die Parameter erlauben, v. a. kombiniert als Score, eine Aussage zur Intaktheit des SL-Bandes. Die Sonographie kann somit als Diagnostikum und Screeningmethode für eine SL-Bandläsion empfohlen werden und sollte als Routineinstrument etabliert werden. Perspektivisch muss durch große Fallzahlen eine Überprüfung und Anpassung der Kriterien erfolgen.
Discontinuation of Postoperative Prophylactic Antibiotics for Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Dastagirzada Yosef , Benjamin Carolina , Bevilacqua Julia , Gurewitz Jason , Sen Chandra , Golfinos John G. , Placantonakis Dimitris , Jafar Jafar J. , Lieberman Seth , Lebowitz Rich , Lewis Ariane , Pacione Donato
Published: February 2022

Background Postoperative prophylactic antibiotic usage for endoscopic skull base surgery varies based on the institution as evidence-based guidelines are lacking. The purpose of this study is to determine whether discontinuing postoperative prophylactic antibiotics in endoscopic endonasal cases led to a difference in central nervous system (CNS) infections, multi-drug resistant organism (MDRO) infections, or other postoperative infections.

Methods This quality improvement study compared outcomes between a retrospective cohort (from September 2013 to March 2019) and a prospective cohort (April 2019 to June 2019) after adopting a protocol to discontinue prophylactic postoperative antibiotics in patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEAs). Our primary end points of the study included the presence of postoperative CNS infection, Clostridium difficile (C. diff), and MDRO infections.

Results A total of 388 patients were analyzed, 313 in the pre-protocol group and 75 in the post-protocol group. There were similar rates of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak (56.9 vs. 61.3%, p = 0.946). There was a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of patients receiving IV antibiotics during their postoperative course (p = 0.001) and those discharged on antibiotics (p = 0.001). There was no significant increase in the rate of CNS infections in the post-protocol group despite the discontinuation of postoperative antibiotics (3.5 vs. 2.7%, p = 0.714). There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative C. diff (0 vs. 0%, p = 0.488) or development of MDRO infections (0.3 vs 0%, p = 0.624).

Conclusion Discontinuation of postoperative antibiotics after EEA at our institution did not change the frequency of CNS infections. It appears that discontinuation of antibiotics after EEA is safe.
A Photochemical Microfluidic Reactor for Photosensitized [2+2] Cycloadditions
Authors: Laraia Luca , Bargum Martin , Krell-Jørgensen Mikkel , Nielsen Martin , Qvortrup Katrine
Published: February 2022

Here we report a microfluidic system for photochemical cycloadditions fabricated using silicon micro processing technologies. The system was optimized to yield residence times of just a few minutes for a range of photochemical [2+2]-cycloaddition reactions facilitated using high power UV-LEDs at 375 nm and triplet photosensitizers, which removed the need for the low wavelengths typically required for these types of transformations. Adducts using different excitable olefins with different linear, carbocyclic, and heterocyclic coupling partners were explored to demonstrate the feasibility of performing photochemistry in microflow in an academic research environment. Finally, a reaction leading to a novel dihydrooxepin-2(3H)-one scaffold and a mechanistic proposal for its formation are reported.
Realization of optically transparent and broadband frequency selective rasorber using thin copper wire
Authors: Chen Jianzhong , Zhang Ke , Zhao Yu-Tong , Wei Yaqi , Zhang Yu , Ding Jinshan
Published: February 2022

Numerous studies have been made to design broadband frequency selective rasorber (FSR). However, it is still a challenge to realize optically transparent FSR, due to the difficulty in realizing high transparency, high-quality factor(Q) parallel resonance, and low-Q series resonance simultaneously. Here, we propose a new method to design transparent FSR for the first time. To break through the technical barrier, a thin copper wire with a different configuration method is utilized to design lossy layer, which can realize high transparency, in-band transmission, and out-of-band absorption concurrently. The proposed FSR is configured by cascading a transparent lossy layer above a transparent frequency selective layer with an air space to separate them. We adopt the equivalent circuit model, electric field distribution, and loss distribution to reveal the physical mechanism of the FSR. The simulation results show that the transmission loss is 1 dB at 8.3 GHz, and the reflection amplitude is less than −10 dB in 2.7–8.9 GHz. The FSR can achieve 96.3% optical transparency theoretically. A prototype is fabricated and measured to validate the proposed design. The measured results achieve good agreement with the simulated results. The proposed FSR can act as a stealth radome for transparent components of ships and aircrafts. The application scenarios can be extended to communication and imaging systems.
Reexamination of hydrodynamic phonon transport in thin graphite
Authors: Li Xun , Lee Hwijong , Ou Eric , Lee Sangyeop , Shi Li
Published: February 2022

The recent hydrodynamic phonon transport theory for graphitic materials has been supported by the measurements of the second sound at temperatures up to about 100 K. When boundary scattering becomes comparable to momentum-conserving normal phonon scattering processes that are responsible for phonon hydrodynamics, Poiseuille phonon flow phenomena can emerge to give rise to unique size-dependent thermal conductivity in thin graphite. Here, we examine the thickness range for the Poiseuille phonon flow to become observable in thin graphite with the use of both deviational Monte Carlo simulation of the Peierls-Boltzmann transport equation and four-probe thermal transport measurements. As the basal-plane thermal conductivity calculated by prior first-principles theories saturates to the graphite value when the thickness is increased to five graphene layers, the phonon dispersion of graphite is used in the current calculations of thin graphite of micrometer thickness and a 23-layer thick ultrathin graphite (UTG) sample. The calculations show that diffuse surface scattering by surface defects can lead to Poiseuille phonon flow at 50 K in thin graphite with the thickness close to several micrometers but not in the 65 μm thin graphite and 23-layer UTG, where phonon scattering by the top and bottom surfaces become, respectively, much less and more frequent than the normal processes. In addition, the calculation results with the bulk graphite dispersion and diffuse surface scattering show decreased basal-plane thermal conductivity with decreasing thickness, opposite to recent thermocouple measurements of thin graphite samples. In comparison, the calculation results reveal that partially diffuse surface defect scattering can yield the four-probe measurement results of UTG samples, which are prepared here with an improved process to minimize surface contamination.
Spectral modulation of blocked-impurity-band hybrid structure terahertz detector
Authors: Wang Bingbing , Chen Yulu , Tong Wulin , Zhou Yangzhou , Tao Jiajia , Wang Zewen , Dong Zuoru , Zhou Hong , Fu Zhanglong , Shao DiXiang , Wang Xiaodong , Cao Juncheng
Published: February 2022

This paper is a study composed of experiment and simulation. We conceived a blocked-impurity-band hybrid structure for terahertz radiation detection. The modulation effect of sub-wavelength metal grating on light absorption has been analyzed theoretically. The optical absorption and spectral response of sub-wavelength metal grating/Si:P blocked-impurity-band hybrid structure detectors are simulated by Finite Difference-Time Domain solution. Compared with the detector without grating structure, the hybrid structure detectors have the effects of selective absorption amplification and filtering. Moreover, the fabrication and experimental details of the hybrid structure detectors have been investigated. The results show that the response peak wavelength 18.3 μm of the Si:P blocked-impurity-band detector has been modulated to 14.3, 22.8, 28.2, and 33.1 μm (∼9.1 THz). Especially, about 140% absorption enhancement is achieved at the response peak wavelength 28.2 μm. Furthermore, the modulation mechanisms of spectral responses on operation bias voltages and temperatures have also been studied. This study provided an effective method to modulate the spectral response of the Si:P BIB detector.
Monometallic Ln
Authors: Belousov Y. A. , Kiskin M. A. , Sidoruk A. V. , Varaksina E. A. , Shmelev M. A. , Gogoleva N. V. , Taydakov I. V. , Eremenko I. L.
Published: February 2022

Four new complexes [Ln(pfaa)3(H2O)2]n (Ln = Eu (1), Tb (2)) and [Ln2Cd2(pfaa)10 (phen)2(EtOH)2]·2MeCN (Ln = Eu (3), Tb (4), phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) based on pentaphorphenylacetic acid (Hpfaa) have been prepared and completely investigated. The structures of compounds 1 and 3 were studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis: the isostructural complexes 1 and 2 represent 1D coordination polymer, while the isostructural complexes 3 and 4 are molecular compounds. Complexes 1–4 show strong lanthanide-centred luminescence, since the introduction of phenanthroline leads to a significant increase in the observed lifetime (τobs) and photoluminescent quantum yield.
Crowd evacuation of pairs of pedestrians
Authors: Yano Ryosuke
Published: February 2022

The crowd evacuation of pairs of pedestrians (i.e. pairs consisting of a parent and a child) is numerically investigated. Here, it is assumed that all pedestrians have their own partners, and move randomly inside the bounded domain of the right-hand room as an initial state. All pedestrians start their evacuations after they contact their partners. The evacuations are completed by the transfer of all the pairs from the right-hand room to the left-hand room through an exit. A frozen swarm tends to appear in the right-hand room as the total number of pedestrians increases. The frozen swarm moves without changing its form, unless it is dissolved by a strong collision with a pair of pedestrians that comes back from the left-hand room by accident. Finally, the evacuation speed also depends on the area of the Escape Zone, whereas an obstacle placed in front of an exit also changes the speed of the evacuation in accordance with the type of motion of the children.
3-D Localization of machines and tools based on deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Zhu Ruikai , Lu Ziqiang , Sun Kai , Yao Liangan , Yang Aisheng , Jiao Xianhong , Shen Zhou
Published: February 2022

In view of the importance of obtaining the position information of machines and tools in the collection and safety control of incoming and outgoing information of power equipment, a wireless three-dimensional positioning method based on deep reinforcement learning DRL is proposed. Modeling is based on the signal non-line-of-sight(NLOS) propagation model, which will be based on measurement. The process of target location features such as angle (AOD), angle of arrival (AOA) and time of arrival (TOA) is modeled as Markov decision process, and the target location features are taken as input and processed in DRL framework. Finally, the repeated training deep Q-network(DQN) algorithm is used for predictive positioning. The simulation results show that the advantages of using DRL in wireless positioning are verified.
A novel power transformer on-line setting impedance protection
Authors: Wang Shuyang , Liu Jiaqi , Wang Xingguo , Li Bin , Guo Yarong
Published: February 2022

As the backup protection of adjacent lines, transformer impedance protection needs to be strictly coordinated with line distance protection in impedance setting and time setting. The traditional transformer impedance protection has the problems of heavy workload and difficult coordination in setting and coordination. An on-line self-setting transformer impedance protection scheme was proposed, which impedance setting values and time setting values were no longer required, and can automatically cooperate with the line protection of the same scheme with the subordinate line. The algorithm proposed in this paper was incorporated into the actual protection device, and a closed-loop simulation environment was built together with RTDS. The applicability and reliability of the proposed scheme are verified by the closed-loop simulation experiment of the protection device.
Research on Electromagnetic Force of Transformer in Different Short-circuit Modes
Authors: Luo Xiaoxiao , Wang Qian , Xiao Qianbo , Sheng Zhiping , Yan Yangtian
Published: February 2022

When a short-circuit fault occurs on a power transformer, the windings of the transformer under the combined action of the short-circuit current and the leakage magnetic field, which is easy to deform the winding or damage the insulation of the transformer. Therefore, it is necessary to research on the force of the transformer under short-circuit situation, analyze and calculate the size and distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic force in different short-circuit modes. Based on the structural parameters of a transformer with a rated capacity of 200kVA, a three-dimensional model of a three-phase transformer is established by finite element simulation software. The axial and radial electromagnetic forces of windings in different short-circuit modes are analyzed by this model, comparing and analyzing the experimental results. In the simulation model, It can be known that the electromagnetic force of voltage zero-crossing closing phase when three-phase short-circuit occurs on low-voltage winding is basically the same as that of short-circuit phase electromagnetic force when single-phase short-circuit occurs. The analysis results have a certain reference value for improving transformer short-circuit withstand ability.
Design of the Wind Turbine Gearbox Fault Diagnosis System Based on LabVIEW
Authors: Li Wenhui , Lian Xun , Yang Jiajun , Du Wenjun
Published: February 2022

In the research history of the wind turbine gearbox fault diagnosis, artificial neural network plays an important role. However, due to the shortcomings of single neural network, the accuracy of fault diagnosis is not high. The fault diagnosis system of wind turbine gearbox based on LabVIEW was designed to monitor the speed, the power, the oil temperature of the bearing, the pressure, the vibration signal etc. Mathematical morphology was used to preprocess the collected data, such as filtering, and then four different neural networks used for primary diagnosis. The diagnosis results of each network were smoothed by mathematical morphology operation for the final diagnosis result. The experimental results show that the system has an excellent human-computer interaction interface to analyze and diagnose its operational status. The application of mathematical morphology combined with the multi-neural network in the fault diagnosis of wind turbine gearbox is conducive to reducing the uncertainty. It can correctly diagnose the fault type and improve the accuracy in the case of fault characteristics which are similar.
Ultra-wideband indoor dynamic target positioning system
Authors: Wan Weixiong , Li Xiaodong
Published: February 2022

In order to realize the precise positioning of personnel and goods, indoor ultra-wideband dynamic target positioning system needs to be researched. Based on UWB positioning technology, an indoor dynamic target positioning system is developed. Combined with Exynos4412 platform, the extended Kalman particle filter algorithm is used to complete the experimental verification of indoor personnel positioning, and the positioning accuracy of indoor target personnel reaches decimeter level. It provides assistance for indoor personnel tracking and cargo real-time control, and provides a good interface of human-computer interaction to realize the real-time positioning of indoor dynamic targets.
Numerical modelling and optimization of packed-bed thermal-energy storage system
Authors: Hanmant Rao L , Dirbude Sumer
Published: February 2022

In this work, numerical modelling (including convection and radiation heat transfer) of Packed-bed storage systems (PBSS) is carried out and the effect of various system parameters affecting the efficiency and temperature is studied. One dimensional forms of the time-dependent, coupled partial differential equations for energy conservation of the heat transfer fluid (HTF) and the packing materials are solved using the finite difference method to design a PBSS for a given mass flow rate for 0.125 MWh (0.45 GJ). The packed-bed material is assumed to be spherical with an average diameter, and the mass flow rate, void fraction, packed bed material diameter, heat transfer fluid (HTF), and the packed-bed materials are varied for optimal efficiency during charging (i.e. when the temperature of HTF is greater than that of the packed bed). The results are compared with the analytical solutions for validation. Present solutions (considering only convection) are found to be matching reasonably well with the analytical data. With the validated model, the radiation heat transfer effect on the packed-bed is modelled (along with the convection) and void fraction, mass flow rate of HTF, a diameter of the packed-bed material, different HTF, various packed-bed materials are compared for maximum efficiency. From the present work, a PBSS design with void fraction =0.45, mass flow rate =1.8 kg/s, the average diameter of the packed-bed material = 0.02 m, water as HTF, and brick as packed-bed material is found to give the maximum efficiency along the length of the packed-bed.
Influence of convective air-cooling on hydrostatic stress induced atomic migration characteristics of a thin Cu-line with Cu-Sn IMC under a DC field
Authors: Hossain Sajjad , Reaz Ahmed S
Published: February 2022

The present paper addresses the influential effect of convective air cooling on the stress-migration induced atomic flux divergence in a copper interconnect/line with copper-tin intermetallic compound under a DC field of high current density. Three identical thin copper lines, namely, a pure Cu line, a copper line with Cu-Sn intermetallic and a line with lead-free solder-joint are considered as the basis for conducting the present investigation of current-induced atomic migration. The associated two-dimensional fields of electric potential, temperature, thermal stress as well as atomic distributions are obtained by solving the relevant coupled multi-physics problems using computer-based numerical schemes. Finally, the stressmigration induced atomic-flux divergence characteristics of three Cu lines are compared with those of electromigration as a function of cooling air velocity under natural and forced convection to quantify the relative contribution of stress migration in the perspective of overall atomic diffusion.
AN INVESTIGATION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON AISI 1045 STEEL USING DEFORM 3-D AND ITS COMPARISION WITH THE EXPERIMENT
Authors: Vishwakarma Premnarayan , Sharma Ajay , Kannojiya Ravindra , Ratna Sanatan , Udaiyakumar K.C.
Published: February 2022

Conventional processes such as turning, and milling are often accompanied by defects such as tool marks and scratches on the final machined surface. This leads to tool wear and loss of energy which is quite undesired. This leads to poor product quality and a lowered tool life. Further, processes like honing and lapping can be used to improve the surface finish but the major drawback is the dependence on the skill of the workers involved. To overcome these issues, the burnishing operation is used for an adequate surface finish on the machined surface. The process is not only simple in operation but also chip less. In the current research work, turning operation is carried out on the ferrous material using an insert tipped tool in a CNC lathe machine. The operations are carried out at different machining parameters like speed, feed and depth of cut etc. Roughness patterns at various machining conditions are obtained and analysis was done to get the adequate machining parameters. The metal cutting process is analyzed with the FEM model for 3D simulation of the operation undertaken with a solid SPCT (single point cutting tool). This tool is modelled with CATIAV5, and exported STL files and imported in DEFORM 3D.
Evaluation of PCB materials for high frequency power applications using MOORA method
Authors: Ratna Sanatan , Narayan Vishwakarma Prem , Ojha Manish , Kannojiya Ravindra , Shubham Pritish , Sharma Shubham
Published: February 2022

One of the first and foremost steps in design is the material selection. The selection of the best available material is quite important for the product as it influence the final quality and performance of the product. The materials used generally for printed circuit board (PCB) similarly requires shortlisting based on several factors which affect the durability and the functionality of the PCB assembly. Selecting the correct PCB material requires a knowledge of the available materials and their physical characteristics and how they align with the required functionality of the board. In the current research work, four factors namely, thermal conductivity, dissipation factor, moisture absorption and dielectric constant are used to evaluate nine PCB materials under consideration for high frequency applications. The evaluation of the nine PCB materials under consideration based on the four factors listed above is done using MOORA method (Multi-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis). The analytical tool used here makes a comprehensive list of PCB materials while considering the multi-conflicting material selection attributes. The assessment value of the alternatives with respect to all the criteria is calculated and compared for all the nine materials chosen. The final ranking is done, based on the assessment values of the nine alternatives for high frequency applications. The alternative with the highest assessment value is ranked one and is the most obvious choice while the one with the least assessment value is the least preferred material and is to be avoided.
Thermo-hydraulic analysis of a solar cogeneration air-heater
Authors: Mor Swati , Kumar Niraj , Sikarwar B S , Sachdeva Gulshan
Published: February 2022

The requirement of energy becomes utmost essential for sustainability of modern societies and for future growth of economy and industries. The ever-increased demand of energy has put tremendous pressure on conventional energy resources which are already been stretched to its limit. The renewable energy resources especially solar energy being a viable and sustainable source of energy has acclaimed a wide attention as prominent substitute to conventional energy sources. Among these, the utility of solar air heater is yet to be explored fully. SAH has a number of applications namely drying of aquatic products, drying of crops, room heating and other industrial applications. However, the drawbacks of SAH are weather and time dependency, need of large heat transfer area and a large volume flow of air due to depressing heat transfer coefficient of air. To mitigate the aforementioned problems, a double-glazed double-pass SAH system is proposed and tested theoretically. The focus of the recommended system is to minimize the factors which reduce the performance of the conventional SAH. A comparative study is done between the double-glazed DPSAH system with and without roughness.
Augmentation of Heat Transfer and Fluidity Characteristics of Rectangular Solar Air Collector Using Discrete Roughness elements on the Absorber Plate: An Experimental Analysis
Authors: Agrawal Y , Ahmed Syed F , Mahate V , Bhagoria J L
Published: February 2022

The use of discrete rib elements in an SAC augmented value of transfer of heat and correspondingly enhanced THP. The usage of SAC with discrete artificial rib element underside of absorber plate for heat transfer enhancement and fluidity features was done in the current article. The range of parameters p/e = 6.67, e/Dh = 0.027, α = 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, Re of 3000-14000, W/H of 8 have been used during the experimental tests. The outcome of fixed and variable range of values on the Nusselt Number , Nu and pumping factor values f are correlated with the result of smooth absorber plate under identical criteria. The Nu and f improved by 2.68 and 1.84 times, respectively, compared to the smooth channel.
Thermal Management Analysis of a Lithium-Ion Battery Cell using different coolant
Authors: Kumar Bhagat Vishal , Dr. kumar Parmanand , Dr. Paswan Manikant
Published: February 2022

Among all battery power alternatives for electric vehicle, lithium-ion battery is the leading candidate. High power density, long cycle life, no memory effect and low auto discharge features are important factors which make it superior. Thermal issues are especially related to Li-ion batteries that can degrade battery performance. Therefore, selecting an appropriate cooling technique for a li-ion battery pack is needed for the commercialization of electric drive vehicles (EDVs). Fostering an ideal cooling control procedure to keep the temperature at an ideal scope of 20°C to 40°C is crucial for extending wellbeing, expanding the pack the board life, and decreasing costs. In this paper, we consider three different types of cell cooling strategy: air cooling, water cooling, nanofluid cooling. Results have revealed that the temperature distributions inside the battery pack can be significantly affected by the coolant type. As compared to air, liquid coolant affects cooling 10-15 times faster. Mass flow rate controls the cell wall temperature of cell in high heat generation.
CFD Analysis of Battery Thermal Management System
Authors: Bamrah Parush , Kumar Chauhan Manish , Singh Sikarwar Basant
Published: February 2022

The transition to electric mobility, owing to their proposition as a solution to the environmental qualms of rising levels of pollution due to the utilization of conventional sources of energy (fossil fuels), has directed the attention of researchers to the main energy storage system of the electric vehicles that is batteries. Due to their efficient peak and average power delivery, batteries are the preferred choice for energy storage. With Lithium-ion chemistry proving to be an efficient battery technology in terms of energy density, specific power, safety, durability, and reduced emissions; the requirements for their optimum operation include a temperature range of 15°C-35°C and a uniform temperature profile, which in turn affects the vehicle performance are a cause of concern. This underscores the importance of a design of an effective battery thermal management system (BTMS). A BTMS is tasked with the maintain a fixed range of temperature throughout the battery operation, thus enhancing its life and efficiency. A variety of BTMS designs have been presented based on different types of medium, power consumption and thermal cycle. The objective of this work is to analyse the different BTMSs for different arrangements of cells in a battery module using CFD and utilize the results of the analysis to propose the optimum, cost-effective, and low maintenance BTMS for enhanced performance of the battery module. The CFD analysis is performed the assessment of the airflow using ANSYS Fluent in the BTMS. The analysis of the air flow through the battery module can give a better insight on changing the packing arrangement of cells and positioning of active or passive thermal management systems.
Design and Implementation of TDI CCD Imaging Circuits in Space Applications
Authors: Sun Zhenya , Li Zhe , Li Wei , Wang Xiaopeng , Gao Zhiliang , Zhao Yue , Liu Yanfeng , Zhang Hang , Liu Dongbin
Published: February 2022

Imaging circuits of converting light signals to electrical signals is designed for different remote sensing satellites with different sensors in space applications. Based on a TDI CCD sensor, this paper presents the detailed design and implementation of imaging circuits which is more suitable for use on commercial satellites. This paper utilizes industrial-grade electronics to achieve imaging circuits, which becomes effective solutions to reduce the costs of remote sensing satellites. The signal processors receive analog output signals of TDI CCD to convert digital signals. The core processor, FPGA, receives and processes digital signals them from the signal processors and delivers to transceivers. The transceivers receive the image data from FPGA and deliver them to the host computer. Moreover, a schematic of the completed board of TDI CCD imaging circuits is presented. Finally, to verify the performance of the imaging circuit, the HCTF of TDI CCD was measured on this CCD imaging circuit.

The measured result is consistent with the product manual, which shows that the imaging circuits perform well.
Finite element analysis and optimization of workover derrick based on ANSYS Workbench
Authors: Wang Jinlong , Zhang Junliang , Zhang Xiaqi
Published: February 2022

Based on the actual workover operating conditions, this paper designs a workover operating machine for lifting and running tubing at the wellhead, and use SolidWorks to draw a three-dimensional model of the workover rig, through ANSYS Workbench, the main component of the workover rig is analyzed for the force under load. According to the results of static analysis and modal analysis, it is concluded that the main stress parts of the workover derrick are on the two uprights where the robot arm is installed, and the upper part of the workover derrick is most prone to resonance, after multi-objective optimization of the workover derrick, the deformation and the maximum stress of the workover derrick have been reduced by 9.5% and 9.8%, respectively. This research content provides a reference for the design of workover rigs in the future.
An asynchronous consistency algorithm in smart manufacturing cloud data centers
Authors: Lu Yang , Zheng Yan , Jing Weipeng , Xu Changlin , Li Yan
Published: February 2022

In the smart manufacturing factory, the fresh real-time datas and multiple replications are important for numerically-controlled machine tools. The production datas are stored in distributed cloud data centers (CDCs), so the communication latencies produced by data synchronization may impair the machining performance. In this paper, an asynchronous consistency algorithm (ACA) which is inspired by the nearest infection is proposed to reduce the communication latencies between nodes. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can support lower client-side latencies and increase data stability, thereby improving the production efficiency.
Research on the application potential of lattice materials based on the cell configuration
Authors: Zhao Cun , Zhang Meng , Li Guoxi , wang Dong
Published: February 2022

Lattice materials are recognized as the most potential functional material, with remarkable periodic and modular characteristics. The 3D models and mechanical models of ECC, BCC, GBCC and BCCxy cells are established. The mechanical properties of different cell configurations under static and dynamic loads are studied by finite element simulation. The results show that the straight-rod dominant cells such as the ECC and GBCC cells have higher equivalent stiffness, and the lattice material composed of that will be provided with better bearing performance. The inclined-rod dominant cells such as the BCC and BCCxy cells have greater strain energy, and the lattice material composed of that will be provided with better buffer and energy absorption. By studying the mechanical properties of different cells, it provides a reference for cells selection and optimization of lattice materials to meet different engineering application requirements.
Effect Of Sintering Process On Micro-structure And Properties Of Mullite Porous Ceramics Containing magnesium oxide
Authors: Wang Yuxi , Zhu Shaofeng , Zhou Xianzhi , Zhang Tong
Published: February 2022

Mullite porous ceramics with high porosity and good mechanical properties were prepared by foaming method combined with gel casting process using kaolin and alumina as main raw materials and sodium polyoxyethylene ether sulfate as foaming agent. The effects of sintering process and magnesium oxide content on the microstructure and properties of mullite porous ceramics were investigated. The studies show that: With the addition of magnesium oxide, the amount of mullite produced and the compactness of the sample will increase. At this time, the microscopic morphology of mullite is needle-like and prismatic, and the mechanical properties are better. and the pore size distribution gradually tends to be between 0.1-0.2mm and 0.2-0.3mm. The addition of magnesium oxide, The amount of mullite phase increased, the densification degree of the sample increased, and the acicular and prismatic mullite phases with good mechanical properties were mainly formed, and the porosity of mullite porous ceramics decreased and the compressive strength increased. The pore size distribution gradually tends to be between 0.1-0.2mm and 0.2-0.3mm. As the sintering temperature increases, the porosity of mullite porous ceramics decreases and the compressive strength increases. With the extension of the holding time, the amount of mullite phase generated increases, the porosity remains basically unchanged, and the compressive strength increases.
Study on the Temperature to the Uniaxial Creep Property of the New Similar Soft Rock
Authors: Fan Xiyan , Jiang Wenling , Mei Ning
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the standard specimen is made of the new similar soft rock, whose cementing agent is paraffin. The standard specimen are experimental research of creep properties under six temperature ranging from 10°C to 60°C, which can obtain that the raising temperature has a huge impact on creep property law of the similar soft rock. The creep curve of soft rock only shows decay and constant creep law within 2h under 10°C and at 2.5MPa. However under 60°C and at low 0.25MPa, the creep law shows acceleration within 2h and the slope of the stress-strain curve is increasing. While the average creep modulus is decreasing and the capacity of resist deformation. COMSOL is used to numerically calculate the creep characteristics of similar roadway. The maximum elastic strain energy density and the maximum equivalent creep rate of roadway increase with the increasing of temperature. The gradient increasing indicate that similar roadway accelerate into the rheological stage under the action of high temperature, When large deformation, instability and failure are more likely to occur. The maximum strain and energy accumulation of roadway occur at the edge and key points of roadway. Strengthening and supporting key areas is the key to the stability of soft rock engineering.
Sexual deception of maleBradysia(Diptera: Sciaridae) by floral odour and morphological cues inPterostylis(Orchidaceae)
Authors: Hayashi Tobias , Reiter Noushka , Phillips Ryan D , Peakall Rod
Published: February 2022

Sexually deceptive orchids exploit the innate sexual preferences of their male insect pollinators to achieve pollen transfer. Although floral volatiles are critical for pollinator attraction in sexually deceptive systems, floral morphology is also expected to exploit the sexual preferences of the pollinator. Here, we investigate the pollination of the Australian orchid Pterostylis cycnocephala. We confirm that male fungus gnats of a single undescribed Bradysia sp. (Diptera, Sciaridae) act as pollinators and display sexual behaviour on flowers, including wing fanning, abdomen curling and genitalic clasping of the prominent labellum appendage. Gnats only triggered the labellum and became trapped in the flower after attempting pseudocopulation with the appendage, a process necessary for pollen removal and deposition. Male gnats located flowers hidden from view, suggesting long-range attraction is primarily due to floral odour. However, male gnats displayed reduced copulatory behaviour when the labellum was absent and when the labellum appendage was inaccessible, suggesting that appropriate morphology may be required to elicit the copulatory behaviour needed for pollination. Our study is the first detailed investigation of sexual deception of male Sciaridae in Australian orchids and represents an example of convergent evolution with some Neotropical Lepanthes orchids, which also sexually deceive male Bradysia.
Misinformation and Disinformation: The Potential Disadvantages of Social Media in Infectious Disease and How to Combat Them
Authors: Desai Angel N , Ruidera Diandra , Steinbrink Julie M , Granwehr Bruno , Lee Dong Heun
Published: February 2022

Although the use of social media to spread misinformation and disinformation is not a new concept, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has further highlighted the dangers that misinformation can pose to public health. More than two-thirds of Americans receive their news from at least 1 social media outlet, most of which do not undergo the same review process as academic journals and some professional news organizations. Unfortunately, this can lead to inaccurate health information being conveyed as truth. The purpose of this article is to inform the infectious diseases community of the history and dangers of health misinformation and disinformation in social media, present tools for identifying and responding to misinformation, and propose other ethical considerations for social media.
Rationale and design of two trials assessing the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of inclisiran in adolescents with homozygous and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia
Authors: Reijman M Doortje , Schweizer Anja , Peterson Amy L H , Bruckert Eric , Stratz Christian , Defesche Joep C , Hegele Robert A , Wiegman Albert
Published: February 2022

Background

Inclisiran is a small interfering RNA molecule that reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by inhibition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9. This subcutaneous, twice-yearly administered agent has been shown to effectively and safely lower LDL-C in adult patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, adults at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, as well as in adults with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. With the current, limited treatment options available to reach treatment goals in children with severe heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia, homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia, or statin intolerance, inclisiran could be a valuable new therapeutic option.

Objectives

The objective of these ongoing studies is to investigate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of inclisiran in adolescents diagnosed with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (ORION-13) or heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (ORION-16).

Study design

ORION-13 and ORION-16 are both two-part (1-year double-blind inclisiran vs. placebo/1 year open-label inclisiran) multicentre trials including adolescents aged 12 to <18 years diagnosed with familial hypercholesterolaemia. ORION-13 will include ∼12 participants diagnosed with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia and ORION-16 will include ∼150 participants diagnosed with heterozygous familial hypercholesteroleamia. The primary endpoint is the percentage change in LDL-C from baseline to Day 330. Secondary efficacy and safety endpoints include changes in other lipid parameters and treatment-emergent adverse events as well as laboratory parameters and vital signs. Exploratory endpoints include individual responsiveness of the participants and change in LDL-C according to the type of underlying causal mutation.

Clinical Trial Registration

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/. Unique identifier: NCT04659863 (ORION-13) and NCT04652726 (ORION-16).