bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corporate activities that influence population health: a scoping review and qualitative synthesis to develop the HEALTH-CORP typology
Authors: Burgess Raquel , Nyhan Kate , Freudenberg Nicholas , Ransome Yusuf
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The concept of the commercial determinants of health (CDH) is used to study the actions of commercial entities and the political and economic systems, structures, and norms that enable these actions and ultimately influence population health and health inequity. The aim of this study was to develop a typology that describes the diverse set of activities through which commercial entities influence population health and health equity across industries.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review to identify articles using CDH terms (n = 116) published prior to September 13, 2022 that discuss corporate activities that can influence population health and health equity across 16 industries. We used the qualitative constant comparative method to inductively code descriptions and examples of corporate activities within these articles, arrange the activities into descriptive domains, and generate an overarching typology.

Results

The resulting Corporate Influences on Population Health (HEALTH-CORP) typology identifies 70 corporate activities that can influence health across industries, which are categorized into seven domains of corporate influence (i.e., political practices, preference and perception shaping practices, corporate social responsibility practices, economic practices, products & services, employment practices, and environmental practices). We present a model that situates these domains based on their proximity to health outcomes and identify five population groups (i.e., consumers, workers, disadvantaged groups, vulnerable groups, and local communities) to consider when evaluating corporate health impacts.

Discussion

The HEALTH-CORP typology facilitates an understanding of the diverse set of corporate activities that can influence population health and the population groups affected by these activities. We discuss how the HEALTH-CORP model and typology could be used to support the work of policy makers and civil society actors, as well as provide the conceptual infrastructure for future surveillance efforts to monitor corporate practices that affect health across industries. Finally, we discuss two gaps in the CDH literature that we identified based on our findings: the lack of research on environmental and employment practices and a dearth of scholarship dedicated to investigating corporate practices in low- and middle-income countries. We propose potential avenues to address these gaps (e.g., aligning CDH monitoring with other occupational health monitoring initiatives).
Clinical efficacy of DSA-based features in predicting outcomes of acupuncture intervention on upper limb dysfunction following ischemic stroke
Authors: Tang Yuqi , Hu Sixian , Xu Yipeng , Wang Linjia , Fang Yu , Yu Pei , Liu Yaning , Shi Jiangwei , Guan Junwen , Zhao Ling
Published: November 2024

Background and objectives

This study aimed to employ machine learning techniques to predict the clinical efficacy of acupuncture as an intervention for patients with upper limb motor dysfunction following ischemic stroke, as well as to assess its potential utility in clinical practice.

Methods

Medical records and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) imaging data were collected from 735 ischemic stroke patients with upper limb motor dysfunction who were treated with standardized acupuncture at two hospitals. Following the initial screening, 314 patient datasets that met the inclusion criteria were selected. We applied three deep-learning algorithms (YOLOX, FasterRCNN, and TOOD) to develop the object detection model. Object detection results pertaining to the cerebral vessels were integrated into a clinical efficacy prediction model (random forest). This model aimed to classify patient responses to acupuncture treatment. Finally, the accuracies and discriminative capabilities of the prediction models were assessed.

Results

The object detection model achieved an optimal recognition rate, The mean average precisions of YOLOX, TOOD, and FasterRCNN were 0.61, 0.7, and 0.68, respectively. The prediction accuracy of the clinical efficacy model reached 93.6%, with all three-treatment response classification area under the curves (AUCs) exceeding 0.95. Feature extraction using the prediction model highlighted the significant influence of various cerebral vascular stenosis sites within the internal carotid artery (ICA) on prediction outcomes. Specifically, the initial and C1 segments of the ICA had the highest predictive weights among all stenosis sites. Additionally, stenosis of the middle cerebral, anterior cerebral, and posterior cerebral arteries exerted a notable influence on the predictions. In contrast, the stenosis sites within the vertebral artery exhibited minimal impact on the model's predictive abilities.

Conclusions

Results underscore the substantial predictive influence of each cerebral vascular stenosis site within the ICA, with the initial and C1 segments being pivotal predictors.
Brain and lung arteriovenous malformation rescreening practices for children and adults with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Beslow Lauren A. , Kim Helen , Hetts Steven W. , Ratjen Felix , Clancy Marianne S. , Gossage James R. , Faughnan Marie E.
Published: November 2024

Background

Patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) are at risk for organ vascular malformations including arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the brain and lungs. North American HHT Centers of Excellence (CoEs) routinely screen for brain and lung AVMs, with the primary goal of detecting AVMs which can be treated before complications arise. Current international HHT guidelines provide recommendations for initial screening for brain and lung AVMs among children and adults with the disease, but rescreening recommendations are not comprehensively addressed and have not been reported. We determined current rescreening practices for brain and lung AVMs for children and adults with HHT among North American HHT CoEs.

Methods

We surveyed North American HHT CoEs regarding rescreening practices for new brain and lung AVMs in children and adults with initial negative screening.

Results

All thirty CoEs responded; 28 regarding pediatric (93.3%) and 30 (100%) regarding adult HHT care. The median duration of practice experience in HHT was 11.5 (range 3–30) years for providers of pediatric HHT care and 11.5 (range 3–35) years for providers of adult HHT care. The median number of patients followed at each CoE was 60 for children (range 8–500) and 375 for adults (range 30–1500). 25/28 CoEs (89.3%) reported rescreening children for brain AVMs, most commonly with enhanced MRI (21/25, 84%). 25 CoEs rescreen children for lung AVMs, most commonly every 5 years (15/25). Only 4/30 CoEs (13.3%) rescreen adults for brain AVMs. 26/30 CoEs (86.7%) reported rescreening adults for lung AVMs, most commonly every 5 years (18/26, 69.2%).

Conclusions

Most HHT CoEs routinely rescreen children for brain and lung AVMs and adults for lung AVMs when initial screening is negative, but adults are infrequently rescreened for brain AVMs. Long-term data regarding risk for new brain and lung AVMs are required to establish practice guidelines for rescreening.
Protocol for a randomized comparative effectiveness trial comparing a very low-carbohydrate diet to DASH diet for polycystic ovary syndrome: the SUPER (Supporting Understanding of PCOS Education and Research) trial
Authors: Greenwell Sarah , Jones Aubree , Smith Yolanda R. , Marriott Deanna , Aikens James E. , Padmanabhan Vasantha , Saslow Laura R.
Published: November 2024

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder for women of reproductive age, is associated with increased risk for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Current PCOS treatments insufficiently address the spectrum and severity of the disorder, and there is little evidence-based guidance available for lifestyle management of PCOS, especially through nutritional approaches. Some evidence shows that a very low-carbohydrate diet can improve glucose control compared to low-fat or moderate-carbohydrate diets, leading to improved glucose control and insulin levels that may help to treat symptoms of PCOS. This research investigates whether a very low-carbohydrate diet is more effective in improving glucose control and decreasing symptoms of PCOS in comparison to a DASH diet.

Methods

The SUPER study aims to address the gap in knowledge about nutritional advice for people with PCOS through a randomized, comparative effectiveness trial comparing two approaches to glucose control: the dietary approaches to stopping hypertension (DASH) diet, and a very low-carbohydrate (VLC) diet. We will randomize 184 women with PCOS with body mass indexes (BMIs) between 25 and 50 kg/m2 to a VLC or DASH diet. All participants will follow a 24-session, 12-month, online diet, and lifestyle intervention that teaches their assigned diet. Participants will receive nutritional education, support from diet coaches, and education about behavioral strategies to improve dietary adherence. The primary outcome measure is HbA1c, and secondary outcomes include glucose variance, lipid and hormone levels (including total and free testosterone), PCOS symptoms, inflammation (measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), body composition and weight, psychological well-being, and intervention feasibility and acceptability.

Discussion

The SUPER study is a randomized comparative effectiveness trial that compares two promising approaches to glucose control in people with PCOS. The study also aims to assess the effects of each diet on PCOS symptoms. The research addresses an important gap in knowledge regarding nutritional advice for people with PCOS.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05452642. Registered 6 July 2022.
A new trial monitoring plan (TMP) template for clinical trials: output from a Delphi process
Authors: Taheri Shiva , Yorke-Edwards Victoria , Sydes Matthew R. , Isaacs Talia , Love Sharon B.
Published: November 2024

Background

Monitoring is a crucial part of trial conduct and ensures that participants’ data is fairly represented, and future healthcare information is enhanced. This project aims to improve trial monitoring by creating a trial monitoring plan (TMP) template with input from individuals experienced in monitoring clinical trials.

Methods

A review of monitoring plans received from UK Clinical Research Collaboration (UKCRC) registered clinical trials units (CTU)s created the basis for a preliminary TMP template and a Delphi survey. The TMP template was finalised after 2 rounds of a Delphi survey and a two-part consensus meeting including trialists with experience and expertise in monitoring clinical trials.

Results

We received 31 monitoring plans from UKCRC-registered CTUs and reviewed over 800 monitoring items for inclusion in a TMP template, selecting items based on guidelines such as Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and our monitoring experiences. For certain items, further expert input was required. A total of 66 items were chosen for a Delphi survey involving 47 participants from 25 UK CTUs and industry. After the first round, all 66 items were retained, and six additional items were suggested by Delphi participants. In the second round, 37 items reached consensus for inclusion in the TMP template. The Delphi process was followed by a consensus meeting with 9 participants from 9 UK CTUs and industry. Participants in the consensus meeting voted on the 32 further items that had not reached the definition of consensus within the Delphi, regarding each item’s inclusion in or exclusion from the TMP template. The voting resulted in 18 items being excluded, leaving 14 items to be included in the TMP template. The process overall resulted in a standardised TMP template with input from many individuals with interest, experience, or expertise in monitoring clinical trials.

Conclusion

A TMP template was developed building on the currently used monitoring plans and with input from those experienced in clinical trial monitoring. Using a centrally developed good quality TMP template should contribute towards maintaining consistency in monitoring standards across all CTUs, resulting in higher research quality and improved quality assurance. Its use should provide reassurance to participants that their participation is carefully monitored to ensure that their data or any samples provided are treated with confidentiality, integrity, and respect and that their rights and well-being are protected.
Monitoring of pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti: first report of double and triple kdr mutations in Buenos Aires Province
Authors: Barrera-Illanes Alberto N. , Ledesma Lorena , Alvarez-Costa Agustin , Balsalobre Agustín , Toloza Corina Juliana , Hernandez-Maiztegui Agustín , Jait Andrea , Sierra Ivana , Micieli María Victoria , Manteca-Acosta Mariana , Ons Sheila
Published: November 2024

Background

Dengue is an emerging disease in Argentina due to the colonization of Aedes aegypti, the mosquito vector. Buenos Aires Province is the biggest and most populated district in Argentina, suffering dengue outbreaks of growing magnitude. During epidemic periods, pyrethroid insecticides are used in this country to control adult mosquitoes. Pyrethroid resistance in dengue vectors has been reported worldwide, making it necessary to implement resistance management strategies. The voltage-gated sodium channel is the target site of pyrethroids. Mutations in the gene encoding this protein, called kdr mutations, are usually the molecular cause of pyrethroid resistance in insects. In Ae. aegypti from the Americas, three kdr substitutions were described: V410L, V1016I, and F1534C. The diagnostic of kdr mutations is recommended for the early detection of pyrethroid resistance as well as the consequent planning of evidence-based control policies.

Methods

We distributed ovitraps across 16 localities in Buenos Aires Province, collecting 22,123 eggs. A total of 522 mosquitoes were genotyped in positions 1016 and 1534 of voltage-gated channel using multiplex high-resolution melting and/or TaqMan probe methods. A subset of 449 samples was also genotyped by a singleplex high-resolution melting method developed ad hoc and/or Sanger sequencing.

Results

We have documented, for the first time to our knowledge in the central region of Argentina, the presence of the 1016Ikdr + 1534Ckdr allele. Additionally, our study reports the first identification of the V410L mutation in central Argentina. These results underscore a growing trend of pyrethroid resistance in Ae. aegypti, fueled by the widespread use of these insecticides.

Conclusions

We detected 1016Ikdr + 1534Ckdr and 410Lkdr mutations in central Argentina for the first time and improved the processivity and accuracy of kdr genotyping methods. The results are both a tool for resistance monitoring and a sign of alarm to direct efforts towards finding sustainable methods for vector control to complement or replace pyrethroids. Joint efforts between academia and authorities to develop and implement public policies for vector control are a productive way to transfer scientific results for their application in public health.

Graphical Abstract
Protocol for a randomized controlled trial with a stepped care approach, utilizing PrEP navigation with and without contingency management, for transgender women and sexual minority men with a substance use disorder: Assistance Services Knowledge-PrEP (A.S.K.-PrEP)
Authors: Reback Cathy J. , Landovitz Raphael J. , Benkeser David , Jalali Ali , Shoptaw Steven , Li Michael J. , Mata Raymond P. , Ryan Danielle , Jeng Philip J. , Murphy Sean M.
Published: November 2024

Background

In the United States, most (~ 70%) annual newly diagnosed HIV infections are among substance-using sexual minority men (SMM) and gender minority transgender women (trans women). Trans women and SMM are more likely to report or be diagnosed with a substance use disorder (SUD) than their cisgender or heterosexual counterparts and the presence of an SUD substantially increases the risk of HIV infection in both groups. Although Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective, initiation, adherence, and persistence are exclusively behavioral outcomes; thus, the biomedical benefits of PrEP are abrogated by substance use. SUD is also associated with reduced quality-of-life, and increased overdose deaths, utilization of high-cost healthcare services, engagement in a street economy, and cycles of incarceration.

Objective

To determine the optimal (considering efficacy and cost-effectiveness) strategy for advancement along the PrEP Care Continuum among trans women and SMM with an SUD.

Methods

This study will implement a randomized controlled trial, evaluating two Stepped Care approaches involving A.S.K.-PrEP vs. standard of care (SOC) to determine optimal intervention strategies for trans women and SMM with an SUD (N = 250; n = 83 trans women; n = 167 SMM) for advancement along the PrEP Care Continuum. Participants will be randomized (3:1) to Stepped Care (n = 187) or SOC (n = 63). Participants in the Stepped Care arm will be assessed at 3-months for intervention response; responders will be maintained in A.S.K.-PrEP, while non-responders will receive added attention to their SUD via Contingency Management (CM). Non-responders will be re-randomized (1:1) to either (a) receive A.S.K.-PrEP + CM, or (b) shift the primary focus to their SUD (CM alone).

Results

Recruitment and enrollment began in May 2023. Recruitment will span approximately 36 months. Data collection, including all follow-up assessments, is expected to be completed in April 2027.

Discussion

Trans women and SMM with an SUD have the two highest HIV prevalence rates in the United States, which underscores the urgent need for effective measures to develop scalable behavioral interventions that can encourage advancement along the PrEP Care Continuum. To improve public health, researchers must identify scalable and cost-effective behavioral interventions to promote PrEP initiation, adherence, and persistence among trans women and SMM who use substances.

Trial registration

This trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under the number NCT05934877.
Virtual reality-based retrospective think aloud (VR-RTA): a novel method for studying offender decision-making
Authors: Sergiou Carmen-Silva , Gerstner Dominik , Nee Claire , Elffers Henk , van Gelder Jean-Louis
Published: November 2024

Objectives

This article describes and tests a novel multi-method approach to examine decision-making: Virtual Reality-Based Retrospective Think-Aloud (VR-RTA). The VR-RTA method taps into the offender perspective and aims to enhance memory recall and information elicitation.

Methods

We applied VR-RTA among a sample of incarcerated burglars (N = 200) who scouted virtual neighborhoods to explore opportunities for burglary in immersive VR equipped with integrated eye tracking. Subsequently, they viewed a screen recording of their scouting process and simultaneously “thought aloud” about their assessment of the environment and decision-making strategies. Emerging themes were then further examined in an interview and linked to survey data. Recorded eye tracking data were used to examine burglars’ attention towards environmental features to identify deterrent and attracting cues, and were triangulated with the survey and interview data.

Results

Rich and detailed insights into participants’ interpretation of the environment and their decision-making strategies were obtained. VR-RTA assisted in verbalizing automated cognitive processes and increased participant engagement by building rapport.

Conclusions

As a multi-method approach able to capture in-the-moment considerations underlying decision-making during crime commission, VR-RTA offers potential to develop into an important tool for crime research. It is able to both overcome limitations of studies using retrospective methods, such as interviews and surveys, and contribute to the nascent field of criminological research using immersive technologies.
New insights into CAR T-cell hematological toxicities: manifestations, mechanisms, and effective management strategies
Authors: Yang Yuanyuan , Peng Hongwei , Wang Jianxiang , Li Fei
Published: November 2024

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy represents a highly efficacious treatment modality demonstrated to enhance outcomes in patients afflicted with malignancies, particularly those enduring relapsed or refractory hematological malignancies. However, the escalating adoption of CAR T-cell therapy has unveiled several life-threatening toxicities, notably cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), infections, and hematological toxicities (HTs), thereby hindering the broad implementation of CAR T-cell therapy. HTs encompass a spectrum of adverse effects, including cytopenias, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), coagulopathies, and B-cell aplasia. While our comprehension of the underlying mechanisms governing CRS and ICANS is advancing, the intricate pathophysiology of HTs remains inadequately elucidated. Such knowledge gaps may precipitate suboptimal therapeutic decisions, potentially culminating in substantial medical resource depletion and detriment to patients’ quality of life. In this comprehensive review, based on recent updated findings, we delineate various mechanisms contributing to HTs subsequent to CAR T-cell therapy, explicate manifestations of HTs, and proffer strategic interventions to mitigate this relevant clinical challenge.
Pilot evaluation on an adapted tele-behavioral activation to increase physical activity in persons with depression: a single-arm pilot study
Authors: Rethorst Chad D. , Trombello Joseph M. , Chen Patricia M. , Carmody Thomas J. , Goodman Lynnel C. , Lazalde Alejandra , Trivedi Madhukar H.
Published: November 2024

Background

Physical activity has the potential to improve physical and mental health outcomes of persons with depression. However, feasible and acceptable strategies to integrate physical activity interventions into real-world settings are needed.

Objective

To assess the feasibility and acceptability of a manualized Behavioral Activation intervention aimed to increase physical activity in persons with depression (defined as a PHQ-9 score ≥ 10).

Methods

A single-arm pilot study was conducted. The intervention consisted of 8 tele-therapy sessions delivered over a 10-week period. Measures of feasibility included screening, enrollment, intervention adherence, outcome data availability, and intervention fidelity. Acceptability was assessed with a post-intervention survey and qualitatively through focus groups and interviews. Preliminary efficacy of the intervention was assessed by evaluating pre-to-post changes in physical activity and depressive symptoms.

Results

All feasibility metrics exceeded predetermined feasibility goal metrics with the exception of Fitbit wear and screening rate, which was due to a greater than anticipated enrollment rate. Participants (n = 15) reported perceived benefits from the intervention and convenience in attending tele-therapy sessions. Depressive symptoms, as measured by the PHQ-9 improved (16.8 at enrollment to 10.1 post intervention, Cohen’s d = 1.13). Self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) increased from 22.0 min/week at baseline to 36.67 min/week post-intervention (d = 0.58). Physical activity as measured by the Fitbit showed little change (daily step 5543.29 during Week 1 to 6177.48 during Week 10, (d = 0.14); MVPA 21.23 min/week during Week 1 to 19.22 at Week 10 (d = 0.0.06).

Conclusions

Results of the pilot study suggest the intervention is feasible to deliver and acceptable to participants. Preliminary results suggest the intervention may be effective in improving depressive symptoms and increasing self-reported physical activity.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04990401, Registered July 21, 2021.
Self-reported Health Problems of Professional Dancers from Five German Opera Houses or State Theatres: A Prospective Study with Weekly Follow-ups during One Season
Authors: Junge Astrid , van Rijn Rogier M , Stubbe Janine H , Hauschild Anja
Published: November 2024

Background

Most studies on injuries of professional dancers used a medical-attention and/or time-loss definition and did not analyse all health problems. Further, almost all studies included just one company. The aim was to analyse all self-reported health problems of professional ballet and contemporary dancers during one season and compare sexes and five companies in Germany.

Methods

Dancers of five professional companies completed weekly health questionnaires during the season (September 2022 to June 2023). Numerical rating scales were used for severity of all health problems, musculoskeletal pain, impairment of the ability to dance at full potential, physical and mental workload in the previous seven days. If the severity of all health problems were rated greater than “0”, the dancers were asked to report the type and consequences of their most severe health problem.

Results

During 43 weeks, 98 dancers (39.8% male) completed 3123 weekly reports (response rate 74.1%). The season prevalence of any health problem was 100% and of time-loss health problems 74.5%. The average weekly prevalence of any health problem was 62.7%, of musculoskeletal pain 83.4% and of impaired ability to dance at full potential, due to health problem 48.6%. While the season prevalence and type of health problems was similar between sexes, the average weekly prevalence of severe health problems was higher in female than in male dancers (Chi2 = 23.2; p < .001), and female dancers saw a qualified health professional more often than male dancers (Chi2 = 19.5; p < .001). Companies differed in almost all investigated variables, with more health problems in companies where more dancers rated their workload higher than “ideal”.

Conclusion

Health problems are frequent in professional dancers and affect their ability to dance. Future studies should analyse the impact of physical and mental workload on health problems.
The Effect of Specific Strength Training on Throwing Velocity in Overarm Throwing: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fredriksen Andrea Bao , van den Tillaar Roland
Published: November 2024

Background

Throwing velocity is an important research topic in sports science, and it is an essential performance variable for athletes in overarm-throwing sports like baseball, team handball, water polo, softball, and cricket. The aim of the present review was to investigate the effect of specific strength training on throwing velocity for overarm throws.

Methods

The literature was analysed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses, searching in SPORTDiscus and MEDLINE. Seventeen studies were included in this review, and the training studies were divided into four categories: (a) overweight and underweight balls, (b) forearm loading, (c) pulley device training, and (d) strength training with a resistance band.

Results

All strength training studies with resistance band and the forearm loading categories increased the throwing velocity, varying from 3.7 to 26%. However, only half of these studies found that training was associated with a significantly higher increase versus the control group. Findings were inconsistent in other categories.

Conclusion

Based on the findings of the present review, no clear conclusion can be made on which of the specific strength training methods is best for increasing throwing velocity. However, some recommendations can be offered. Firstly, the throwing training period should be long enough (≥ 6 weeks) with a high enough workload. Throwing training with a resistance band increases throwing velocity significantly for junior and less experienced overarm-throwing athletes. Furthermore, throwing with underweighted balls of similar size will ensure a positive effect on throwing velocity. Also, throwing training with combined over- and underweighted balls can be used if the overweighted balls are carefully selected to ensure there is no negative impact on throwing kinematics and injuries. For the other categories, the results were conflicting. Furthermore, due to the low number of studies in the pulley device and forearm loading categories, more studies should be conducted to investigate their effects on throwing velocity.
Immunohistochemical Status Predicts Pathologic Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancers
Authors: Winer Leah , Ruth Karen J. , Bleicher Richard J. , Nagarathinam Rajeswari , McShane Melissa , Porpiglia Andrea S. , Pronovost Mary T. , Aggon Allison , Williams Austin D.
Published: November 2024

Background

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression (HER2+) is defined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) as IHC3+ or IHC2+/ISH+. Response differences to neoadjuvant anti-HER2 therapy (NT) in IHC3+ versus IHC2+/ISH+ breast cancer patients are poorly characterized. We explored whether pathologic complete response (pCR) varies by HER2 IHC status.

Methods

Patients with stage I–III HER2+ breast cancer undergoing NT and surgery between 2013 and 2020 were identified from the National Cancer Database and stratified by IHC status. Breast and nodal pCR were analyzed.

Results

Of 40,711 HER2+ patients, 83% were IHC3+ and 17% were IHC2+/ISH+. IHC3+ patients were more likely to be hormone receptor (HR)-negative (33 vs. 21%), have cT3/4 tumors (24 vs. 21%), and be cN+ (52 vs. 47%; all p < 0.0001). Breast conservation rates were similar (each 43%, p = 0.32), although IHC3+ axillary lymph node dissection rates were lower (41 vs. 45%, p < 0.0001). Among all patients, breast pCR was 49%, while nodal pCR was 64%. Compared with IHC2+/ISH+, IHC3+ had higher unadjusted breast (54 vs. 22%, p < 0.0001) and nodal (69 vs. 37%, p < 0.0001) pCR rates. When stratified by HR status, pCR was lower for HR+ disease but remained higher among IHC3+ patients. Analysis of T1cN0 primaries mirrored these trends. In multivariable analysis, IHC3+ remained an independent predictor of breast (odds ratio [OR] 3.91, confidence interval [CI] 3.65–4.19, p < 0.0001) and nodal (OR 3.40, CI 3.12–3.71, p < 0.0001) pCR.

Conclusion

HER2 IHC status predicts pCR and may help select breast cancer patients who derive the greatest benefit from NT. These findings provide further evidence that revision of HER2 classification may improve clinical management.
The influence of the organizational culture of a teacher on the formation of professional self-determination of college students
Authors: Alekseeva Viktoriya , Gordienko Dariya , Rabadanova Raziyat
Published: November 2024

The article examines the process of formation of students’ professional self-determination. Choosing a profession is one of the most difficult choices in life. The authors emphasize the importance of the assistance of adults, in particular teachers, in the formation of professional self-determination of young people. A study conducted at the Lyubertsy Technical School named after Yu.A.Gagarin, Lyubertsy with students of the technical school, shows that the successful formation of professional self-determination is a result of purposeful psychological and pedagogical interaction between the teacher and students. An example of such interaction is extracurricular activities in an educational institution of secondary professional education.
EXPERIENCE OF DEVELOPING PRACTICAL SKILLS AND ABILITIES IN STUDENTS REQUIRED FOR FUTURE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES (FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF THE MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF RUSSIA V.YA. KIKOTYA ESTATE)
Authors: Yesina Alla , Gorach Nikolay
Published: November 2024

This article analyzes the experience of the Department of Preliminary Investigation of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V.Ya. Kikot on the formation of students' practical skills and abilities necessary for them in their future professional activities. The main emphasis is on the search for such forms of education, the use of which would contribute to the training of highly qualified specialists with the necessary level of practical skills and abilities. In modern conditions, graduates are required to have skills and abilities that would allow them to navigate in a dynamically developing legal system, if necessary, quickly identify and execute the prescribed algorithm of actions that will allow them to most effectively solve a specific practical situation. It is about some of the features of the training of such a specialist that attention is paid in the content of this publication.
The subject of this article is the accumulated experience of the Department of Preliminary Investigation of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V.Ya. Kikot in conducting various types of practical training, which are combined into several groups, differing among themselves in the methodology of their conduct. In addition, the authors paid attention to the place and role of the teacher himself during the training sessions, since the effectiveness of the lesson largely depends on the personal qualities of the teacher, his theoretical and methodological readiness, intelligence, knowledge of the taught subject.
The purpose of this study is to summarize and analyze the accumulated pedagogical experience, as well as to develop recommendations regarding the formation of practical skills and abilities necessary for students in their future professional activities.
Application of virtual reality technology to firefighter and rescue training
Authors: Belokon' Yuriy , Habirov Timur , LEZHNEV Anatoly
Published: November 2024

In firefighting and rescue operations, practical training plays a primary role, allowing rescuers to be constantly ready to act in the event of major incidents, accidents or emergencies.
In addition to classical training methods, namely training in an unsuitable environment for breathing. Virtual reality is increasingly being used in training in many fields of activity, given the fact that in a virtual environment it is easy to simulate dangers that cannot be created in reality (explosions, fires, falls from a great height), and thus overcome the fear of such dangers.
The capabilities of virtual reality simulators allow you to create training scenarios that emphasize the degree of physical fitness of rescuers, taking into account their physiological parameters, which are monitored throughout the training.
ON THE QUESTION OF THE PRACTICE OF APPLICATION OF POLITICAL AND EDUCATIONAL WORK IN THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS BODIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Lebedeva Maria , Gorach Nikolay , Krasovskaya Ekaterina
Published: November 2024

Organization of political and educational work in extreme and special conditions of service is a complex and responsible process. Understanding the importance of this activity and the effective use of appropriate methods and tools are an integral part of ensuring national security and stability in society.
This article examines the most pressing problems facing the law enforcement system and arising in the constantly improving realities associated with the emergence of special conditions of service and the possibility of conducting political and educational work in these conditions. The article also touches upon the issue and problems of the lack of methods for conducting political and educational work with personnel in special conditions, as well as issues of legal consolidation of some mechanisms for working in these conditions. The issue of the significance of special and extreme conditions, which to this day remain unfixed in the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the legislator, is considered.
The object of the study is the process of organizing political and educational work with personnel in special conditions.
The subject of this study will be the content and methods with the help and on the basis of which the methodology for conducting political and educational work is formed.
The purpose of examining this issue will be to analyze the practice of applying political and educational work in the Russian Federation's Internal Affairs Bodies in order to identify its current problems, effective methods and areas for improvement by developing a memo on organizing political and educational work with the personnel of the Internal Affairs Bodies in special service conditions.
Faculty of Humanities at the Technological University
Authors: Artemyeva Svetlana , Shmeleva Svetlana , Logachev Nikita
Published: November 2024

The article examines the experience of the Faculty of Humanities and its Center for Cognitive Psychology at the University of Technology in involving students in research and applied scientific projects through cooperation and integration of the humanities and technology departments of the University. The ideas of the transformation of the country's educational system and the change of its methodological, pedagogical and technological guidelines in response to modern challenges and risks are analyzed, primarily for the younger generation in need of social adaptation and deeper natural science and humanitarian training for professional and personal growth. The attempts to substantiate the definition of "convergent education" are analyzed. All of them are based on an understanding, to one degree or another, of an interdisciplinary methodological approach to the formation of educational programs, in order to overcome the highly professional training of specialists and avoid formalizing the content of educational material, taking into account the productive interaction of the fundamental component of humanitarian and professional knowledge, the use of modern methods of automation of various types of information activities using information and computer technologies (algorithmization of learning, information modeling).
In general, the convergence of education is defined as a process of learning and upbringing, which is a consequence of the implementation of the modern educational paradigm aimed at understanding, rather than memorizing, education for change, the ability to withstand stress, live in a digital world, preserving humanity, sociability and collectivism, ensuring teamwork, preservation and development of the humanitarian and intellectual component "in the context of the interpenetration of sciences and technologies in the implementation of the convergence of real and virtual communications.
The scientific and methodological basis for the development of convergent education at the first stage was the development of scientific and pedagogical practices. This can include the management of students' research activities (R&D), involving them in the development and implementation of various projects of scientific laboratories and centers of departments and faculties.
The article summarizes some of the experience of the Center for Cognitive Psychology of the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities - SGT (until 2022 – ISGT– Institute) of the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education "K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State Technical University (PKU)", which was actively involved in the process of cluster formation in the conditions of the university's transformation into an innovative expert–analytical platform, the formation of an expert-educational cluster of excellence "NBICS-technologies of the food industry".
Psychological work with employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation performing official duties under special conditions
Authors: Fedotov Andrei , Kostina Lyubov , Alekseev Dmitrii Evgenevich Dmitrii , Ohotnikov Yuriy
Published: November 2024

The problem of psychological work with employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation at all stages of their official duties in special conditions is considered. The goal is to develop and test methodological recommendations for conducting psychological work with employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation performing official duties in special conditions.
Materials and methods. The total sample of the study consisted of 244 people aged 21 to 55 years from among psychologists of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the National Guard and the Ministry of Defense. Psychological conversations were conducted with psychologists from internal affairs bodies and other law enforcement agencies. A survey of psychologists from the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation was conducted to identify the main problems of psychological work with employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation who performed official duties in special conditions. The methodological recommendations developed as a result of the study underwent expert evaluation. The expert group was formed from among the most experienced psychologists of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation.
Results and discussion. According to the survey results, it was revealed that: 96% of the psychologists surveyed have experience working with employees after they have completed official tasks in special conditions; 53% of psychologists surveyed have experience working with employees who have been injured, traumatized, disfigured and 43% with members of their families; significantly fewer psychologists have experience working with family members of employees who died in the line of duty (10%); only 5% of the surveyed psychologists have experience in providing emergency psychological assistance to employees in the process of performing operational and official tasks in special conditions. Also, based on the results of the survey, the most effective methods of psychological assistance to employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation were determined during and after the performance of their official duties in special conditions, as well as the most effective methods of providing psychological assistance to members of their families.
SELF-DETERMINATION AS A FACTOR OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONS WITH MUSCULOCAL DISORDERS
Authors: Istomina Elena
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of professional and personal development of persons with musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose of the study was to identify the characteristics of the development of the image of the professional “I” in this category of students and its transformation in the process of studying at the university. According to the developed system-dynamic theory of the professional-labor self-concept of persons with musculoskeletal disorders, the process of its transformation occurs during the period of professional training. The types of such transformation are identified: negative, neutral and positive. The study involved 106 students with musculoskeletal disorders studying in educational institutions of secondary vocational and higher education in various areas of training. It is hypothesized that the dominant factor in the positive transformation of the professional and labor self-concept of students with musculoskeletal disorders is self-determination as their ability to independently manage their professional and personal development, make informed choices, make meaningful decisions taking into account real opportunities and potential abilities. The hypothesis was verified using a self-determination scale and a methodology for identifying students’ self-esteem as subjects of future professional activity. It has been revealed that many students with congenital disorders of the musculoskeletal system are characterized by an orientation towards external reinforcement and a desire for super-achievement, which leads to the formation of maladaptive types of professional and labor self-concept, which impede their successful integration into society. It is concluded that students with musculoskeletal disorders require psychological support aimed at developing their subjective position, developing the need for autonomy and overcoming the syndrome of “learned helplessness” through correction of their motivational sphere and assistance in understanding the internal motives of their future professional career. activities.
Psychological foundations of the selection system for citizens admitted to training at the Nicaraguan Police Academy
Authors: Maltseva Tatiana , Rivera Suarez Maria Elena
Published: November 2024

The problem of selecting citizens for admission to the police service is being worked out in almost all countries of the world. The process of selection for the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation is a fairly widely developed area of ​​science. In Latin American countries, these studies are at the stage of active development.
The subject of this article is the optimization of the system of selection of citizens admitted to training at the Nicaraguan Police Academy. The purpose of the study is to develop a program for the psychological selection of citizens for training at the Nicaraguan Police Academy.
To achieve the goal of the study, the expert assessment method was used. Mathematical statistics, quantitative and qualitative analysis were used in the processing of empirical data. 30 psychologists of the National Police of Nicaragua (73% were women and 27% were men) acted as respondents in the expert survey.
It is shown that the selection of citizens for the National Police of Nicaragua should be optimized in the direction of developing the psychological part of this process. Optimization should be carried out by updating psychometric tests, including methods for assessing the mental health of candidates; inclusion in the interview protocol of parameters for assessing the psychiatric history in the family environment, as well as organizing additional training and feedback on the results of their work for psychologists upon hiring.