bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Working Conditions for Burns Resident Doctors—Better Now than Ever?
Authors: Coleman Grant , Austin Toby , Forrest James F. , Bache Sarah E.
Published: September 2024

Background: The work and life of a resident (or “junior”) doctor has changed dramatically over the past 50 years. Descriptions of historic working conditions are usually anecdotal and tinted with nostalgia, but do today’s burns and plastic surgery doctors feel working conditions have improved or declined over the last 50 years, and does this have an impact on recruitment and retention? Methods: An interview was conducted with a retired surgeon who, in 1970, worked as a house surgeon (Year 2 doctor equivalent) in a burns unit for the pioneering burn surgeon Mr. Douglas MacGregor Jackson. This was coupled with a literature review to objectively assess working conditions in that period for doctors. The information generated from this produced a poster summarizing the key differences between these periods. This was presented to the current medical work force, and a survey was conducted to determine their preferences for working conditions. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 68 doctors of mixed grades and backgrounds. The majority of respondents (60%) would choose to work in today’s burns centres. There was a significant difference between the mean age of respondents’ preference of working conditions in 1970 (37 years) and those preferring today (31 years) (p = 0.035). Conclusions: Multiple changes in the working conditions and the management of burns patients were identified. The majority of those who were asked consider today’s working conditions to be better than those of the past. However, more senior clinicians tended to prefer the conditions of 1970 over the present day, suggesting a generational shift in opinion.
Clinical, Psychiatric and Medicolegal Issues in Non-Fatal Strangulation: A Case Report
Authors: De Paola Lina , Piersanti Valeria , Tripi Dalila , Marinelli Enrico , Zaami Simona , Napoletano Gabriele
Published: September 2024

Introduction: on-fatal strangulation (NFS) is a dangerous mechanism that can produce injuries with varying levels of severity. NFS-related injuries can range from low severity, such as simple contusions, to very severe, with convulsions and major forms of impairment. It is often difficult to gauge the severity of injuries from external and initial manifestations alone; it is therefore necessary to assess the possibility of misdiagnosed injuries or subsequent manifestations. Case report: In this study, we describe the case of a 71-year-old man with several injuries, mainly in the craniofacial region, following an assault by his flatmate. Not only did the subject suffer a concussive head injury and a fracture of the zygomatic bone, but he was also subjected to NFS. The patient was examined three times, and the third examination was carried out directly by us 40 days after the assault. Discussion: We concluded that NFS-related injuries are not always clearly visible and recognized after some time. It would therefore be necessary to standardize the clinical investigation procedure in suspected or confirmed cases of NFS. Conclusion: Clinical investigation should be done from the first hours after the injury event, with the help of forensic experts, with the use of dedicated instrumentation and the acquisition of photographic images, all carried out in a systematic manner for use in court, and a search performed for after-effects that cannot be identified by other methods. Psychological evaluation should also be considered as part of the broader assessment process as victims of NFS often experience significant psychological trauma.
The Effect of the CoI on Preservice Teachers’ Self-Efficacy in Physical Education
Authors: Agiasotelis Efstathios , Karteroliotis Konstantinos , Giossos Yiannis , Dania Aspasia
Published: September 2024

Teaching physical education (PE) involves adopting contemporary instructional models and teaching methods. Especially at an undergraduate level, the teachers’ participation in professional communities can support their self-efficacy in adopting context-specific instructional models, leading to an improvement in student learning. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of preservice PE teachers’ participation in a professional development (PD) program designed according to the principles of the community of inquiry (CoI) on their self-efficacy in teaching physical education using instructional models. Twenty-three preservice PE teachers (male = 11, female = 12) at the University of Athens, Greece, participated during the 2022–2023 spring semester in a PD program specifically designed according to the CoI principles to support them in the use of PE curriculum models in a secondary school practicum. A pre-post convergent mixed methodology was used, with quantitative (Ohio State Teacher Efficacy Scale, OSTES) and qualitative (semi-structured interviews) data evaluating the changes in the participants’ self-efficacy in the use of instructional models. Results showed that even though the program was evaluated as effective in terms of supporting the participants’ knowledge and skills on the use of the models, there were no statistically significant changes in their OSTES self-efficacy indices. Given the complexity of PE teaching and the latent structure of the self-efficacy trait, a longer duration of similar PD programs is suggested.
Differences in Prevalence of Colorectal Carcinoma by Gender and Marital Status and Expression of DNA Mismatch Repair Proteins
Authors: Zhang Peilin , Bakhtar Omid , Wixom Chris , Cox Brian , Lee John , Sadeghi Saha , Clement Aidan , Kabakibi Lana , Schwab Madeleine
Published: September 2024

Background: The effect of gender dimorphism and marital status on colorectal cancer mortality have been previously documented, but the relationship between these factors and DNA mismatch repair protein (MMRP) expression status is unknown. Methods: Colectomy specimens were reviewed retrospectively for patients between 2018 and 2023, with demographics including race/ethnicity, gender, marital status, faith, body mass index, pathologic staging, and MMRP expression status. Statistical analyses were performed by using baseline characteristics tables and various programs in the R package. Results: A total 1018 colectomies were reviewed, and the tumor stages were significantly higher in the right colon (stage 3 and 4) than in the left colon and rectosigmoid colon (p < 0.01). Marital status was significantly associated with patients’ gender, age, tumor size, and tumor stages (all p < 0.01). MMRP status was available in 775 cases, with 139 (17.9%) MMRP-deficient and 636 (82%) MMRP-proficient. MMRP deficiency was significantly associated with older female patients, larger tumor sizes, higher tumor stages, higher histologic grades, and was more common in the right colon (all p < 0.01). In addition, MMRP deficiency was statistically associated with a higher percentage of divorced and widowed patients (p < 0.01). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed a persistent association of MMRP deficiency with tumor size, tumor grade, tumor stage, and nodal metastasis, but the associations with gender and marital status no longer existed. Conclusions: The differences in prevalence of CRC by gender and marital status and tumor MMRP status illustrate the importance of these factors on tumor stages and nodal metastasis but these associations are more complex with other confounding factors.
Momordica charantia Extract Treatment Extends the Healthy Lifespan of Aging Mice via the Bitter Taste Receptor/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Hiramoto Keiichi , Oikawa Hirotaka
Published: September 2024

We live in a society where extending one’s healthy lifespan is becoming increasingly important. Momordica charantia (MC) extract contains many bioactive substances, such as vitamin D, phytosterols, glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, and triterpenes, and has various health-promoting effects, but its effect on extending a healthy lifespan is unknown. This study investigated the effects of MC extract on a healthy lifespan, focusing on bitter taste receptors and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Male and female mice from the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) were divided into control and MC-extract-treated groups, with the latter receiving oral doses of MC extract three times a week for two years. In aged male mice, MC extract increased the muscle mass and grip strength and prolonged the time to exhaustion. MC extract also enhanced the signaling from taste receptor type 2 member 1 (T2R1) to mTOR in muscle in both sexes, elevating the ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 and ribosomal protein S6 levels. This T2R1/mTOR pathway works in protein synthesis and is important for increasing muscle mass. Conversely, the levels of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 decreased in both aged male and female mice after MC extract administration. These findings suggest that the administration of MC extract may extend the healthy lifespan of male mice, with bitter taste receptors and mTOR signaling playing key roles in this process.
Framework for the Sustainable Modeling of Electric Truck Fleet Usage
Authors: Yatskiv (Jackiva) Irina , Tolujevs Jurijs , Petrovs Vladimirs
Published: September 2024

Background: As road transport companies increasingly integrate electric trucks (eTrucks) into urban fleets, evaluating their performance in real-world conditions is essential for effective fleet management and infrastructure planning. Methods: This study introduces TraPodSim, a simulation system designed to assess the key performance indicators (KPIs) of eTrucks and other vehicle types. Using real geographic data, transportation routes, and technical vehicle specifications, the system simulates daily operations under user-defined conditions. Results: TraPodSim produces 20 physical indicators, providing detailed insights into the daily performance of each vehicle in the fleet. These indicators help evaluate fleet efficiency, energy consumption, and overall operational effectiveness. Conclusions: TraPodSim offers transport companies a valuable tool for optimizing fleet configurations and analyzing the use of private or public battery-charging stations, enabling the efficient integration of eTrucks into existing transportation networks.
Magnetotelluric Forward Modeling Using a Non-Uniform Grid Finite Difference Method
Authors: Zhang Hui , Nie Fajian
Published: September 2024

Magnetotelluric (MT) forward modeling is essential in geophysical exploration, enabling the investigation of the Earth’s subsurface electrical conductivity. Traditional finite difference methods (FDMs) typically use uniform grids, which can be computationally inefficient and fail to accurately capture complex geological structures. This study addresses these challenges by introducing a non-uniform grid-based FDM for MT forward modeling. The proposed method optimizes computational resources by varying grid resolution, offering finer grids in areas with complex geology and coarser grids in more homogeneous regions. We apply this method to both typical synthetic models and a complex fault structure case study, demonstrating its capability to accurately resolve subsurface features while reducing computational costs. The results highlight the method’s effectiveness in capturing fine-scale details that are often missed by uniform grid approaches. The conclusions drawn from this study suggest that the non-uniform grid FDM not only improves the accuracy of MT modeling but also enhances its efficiency, making it a valuable tool for geophysical exploration in challenging environments.
Research on Multiphysics-Driven MEMS Safety and Arming Devices
Authors: Fan Xinyu , Hu Tengjiang , Wang Yifei , Zhao Yulong , Tian Zhongwang , Xue Wei
Published: September 2024

As the core component of energy transfer in weapon system, safety and arming (S&A) devices affect the safety, reliability, and damage ability of the weapon. Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) S&A devices have been widely investigated for their smaller structure size, higher functional integration, and better smart functionality. This paper proposes the design of a multi-physics field-driven MEMS S&A device. The S&A mechanism is composed of a setback mechanism, a spin mechanism, and an electrothermal mechanism, achieving multiphysics-arming. With the coordination of the three mechanisms, the S&A device can produce a 1 mm displacement. The displacement generated allows the S&A device to switch between safety status and arming status. The unlock conditions and overload resistance of each mechanism are obtained by finite element simulation. Based on SOI wafers and silicon oxide wafers, the chips were fabricated and packaged. Several tests were carried out to verify the working condition and overload resistance of the S&A device. The result shows that under a voltage of 11 V and a rotation speed of 8000 r/min, with a size no more than 10 mm × 10 mm × 1.5 mm, the device works smoothly and can withstand an overload of 25,000 g.
Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction and Hydrocarbon Potential of the Westphalian-A Kozlu Formation Hard Coal in the Zonguldak Basin: Insights from Organic Geochemistry and Petrology
Authors: Ünal-Kartal Neslihan , Karadirek Selin
Published: September 2024

The Zonguldak coal basin is the area with the most important hard coal reserves in Turkey. This study focuses on coal samples extracted from three seams of the Kozlu Formation, specifically from the Kozlu underground mine, to assess the coals’ organic geochemical and petrographic properties. Analytical methods, including TOC-pyrolysis, biomarker analysis, and maceral distribution studies, were employed. Based on these analyses, the paleoenvironmental conditions and hydrocarbon generation potential of the coals were evaluated. The results reveal that the coals, characterized by high TOC, high HI, and low OI, contain type II–III kerogen. These findings, coupled with the high QI and low BI values, suggest the presence of oil–gas prone source rocks. Elevated Tmax (457–466 °C) and Rr (0.89%–1.17%) values indicate a maturity level ranging from mature to overmature stages. High GI and GWI values suggest a significant degree of gelification and wet conditions during formation. The high Pr/Ph (1–6.58), C31R/C30 hopane (<0.25), and low DBT/P (0.27–0.50) ratios show that the Acılık seam was formed in a lacustrine environment under anoxic–suboxic conditions, whereas the Büyük and Domuzcu seams were formed in a fluvial/deltaic environment under oxic conditions. The findings of this study suggest that the paleovegetation in coal-forming environments consisted of aquatic and herbaceous plants.
Nutrigenetic Investigations in Preeclampsia
Authors: Kukor Zoltán
Published: September 2024

Background: Preeclampsia is a leading cause of pregnancy-related maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Although its precise cause and prevention remain unclear, risk factors such as overweight and inadequate nutrient intake (e.g., calcium, folic acid, and vitamin D) are known to increase its incidence. Recent research has focused on the genetic predisposition to preeclampsia, identifying polymorphisms that may affect enzyme or receptor function. This study aims to review existing literature examining the relationship between genetic polymorphisms, BMI (body mass index), and nutrient levels in preeclampsia to develop more actionable therapeutic strategies. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to analyze studies on the nutrigenetic relationship between BMI, micronutrients, and preeclampsia. Results: A total of 17 studies investigating 12 genes related to BMI and 10 studies exploring 3 genes in relation to micronutrient levels were included in the analysis. Several polymorphisms associated with preeclampsia were found to be influenced by maternal BMI or serum vitamin levels. The interactions between certain gene variants and these factors suggest that both BMI and micronutrient status may modify the risk of developing preeclampsia in genetically predisposed individuals. Conclusions: Our findings emphasize the potential for reanalyzing existing data by categorizing based on genotype and nutrient levels. This approach could yield more personalized dietary and therapeutic recommendations for managing preeclampsia. In the future, genetic information may support the development of tailored nutritional counseling during pregnancy to mitigate preeclampsia risk.
Exploring the Potential of Epiregulin and Amphiregulin as Prognostic, Predictive, and Therapeutic Targets in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Guernsey-Biddle Cara , High Peyton , Carmon Kendra S.
Published: September 2024

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a critical role in regulating essential cellular processes that are frequently hijacked to promote cancer. In colorectal cancer (CRC) in particular, the EGFR signaling pathway is frequently hyperactivated via receptor and/or ligand overexpression and downstream oncogenic mutations. Current EGFR-targeted therapies for metastatic CRC (mCRC) include the mAbs cetuximab and panitumumab. However, intrinsic and acquired resistance to EGFR-targeted mAbs are commonly observed. Thus, additional biomarkers are necessary to better understand patient sensitivity to EGFR-targeted therapies. Furthermore, therapeutic targeting of alternative EGFR pathway components may serve as one mechanism to overcome EGFR-targeted mAb resistance. In this review, we discuss the mounting evidence supporting EGFR ligands epiregulin (EREG) and amphiregulin (AREG), which are overexpressed in CRC with potential key roles in tumor progression, as predictive biomarkers for EGFR-targeted therapy sensitivity, as well as mediators of therapy resistance, though further studies are necessary to validate the prognostic roles and mechanisms by which these ligands contribute to resistance. Additionally, we review recent advances towards therapeutic targeting of EREG and AREG in cancer through the development and use of EREG- and AREG-targeted mAbs as well as antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs). We conclude with a discussion on the roadblocks to clinical implementation of EREG and AREG as biomarkers, as well as approaches to enhance the efficacy of current EREG- and AREG-targeted strategies.
The Role of ROS in Electronic Cigarette- and Heated Tobacco Product-Induced Damage
Authors: Gomez Nancy E. , Granata Silvia
Published: September 2024

The success of heated tobacco products (HTPs) and electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) has been largely attributed to their ability to mimic the gestural experience of traditional cigarette smoking, while being perceived as a safer alternative due to the absence of combustion, as well as to their appeal, particularly among younger populations. Despite the initial idea that these new devices were harmless, recent literature reveals a concerning expanding body of evidence on their potential toxicity. Thus, this literature review aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which reactive oxygen species generated by HTPs and e-cigs induce oxidative stress and inflammation and the subsequent biological and health consequences, in order to raise awareness on the significance of addressing the potential toxicological effects associated with these devices, which are commonly believed to be safe.
Use of a Mobile Methodology for the Bio-Mapping of Microbial Indicators and RT-PCR-Based Pathogen Quantification in Commercial Broiler Processing Facilities in Honduras
Authors: Betancourt-Barszcz Gabriela K. , Blandon Sabrina E. , Vargas David A. , Bueno López Rossy , Chavez-Velado Daniela R. , Sánchez Angelica , Larios Valeria , Espinoza-Rock Nadira J. , Bueno-Almendarez Mirian , Sanchez-Plata Marcos X.
Published: September 2024

Poultry bio-mapping helps identify microbial contamination and process optimization opportunities such as sanitary dressing procedures, equipment adjustments, cross-contamination controls, and chemical intervention applications in commercial poultry processing operations. This study focuses on the development of a preliminary microbiological baseline of microbial indicators, including total viable counts (TVC), Enterobacteriaceae (EB), and the quantification and detection of pathogens such as Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. in four commercial broiler processing facilities in Honduras. Whole chicken and wing rinses were collected from four poultry processing plants at different locations: live receiving, rehanger, post-evisceration, post-chiller, and wings. The MicroSnap® system was used for the enumeration of microbial indicators, the BAX®-System-SalQuant® was used for the quantification of Salmonella, and the BAX®-System-CampyQuant™ was used for Campylobacter spp. Negative samples after enumeration were tested with BAX®-System Salmonella and BAX®-System Campylobacter for prevalence analysis, respectively. The TVC and EB counts were continuously reduced from the live receiving to the post-chiller location, presenting a statistically significant increase (p < 0.01) at the wings location. The Salmonella counts were significantly different between stages (p < 0.01). The prevalence of Salmonella was highest in the live receiving stage, with 92.50%, while that at the post-chiller stage was the lowest, at 15.38%. Campylobacter spp. counts were lower than that at the other stages at wings 1.61 Log CFU/sample; however, Campylobacter spp.’s prevalence was higher than 62.5% in all stages. Microbial bio-mapping using novel technologies suitable for mobile applications was conducted in this study to establish statistical process control parameters for microorganisms. A nationwide microbial baseline for commercial broiler processing facilities in Honduras was developed. In-country data serve as a benchmark for continuous improvement at each facility evaluated and can assist regulatory officers in the development of risk-based performance standards aimed at reducing the risk of exposure to consumers.
Acute Biodistribution Comparison of Fentanyl and Morphine
Authors: Goodson Rosamond , Poklis Justin , Elder Harrison J. , Walentiny D. Matthew , Dewey William , Halquist Matthew
Published: September 2024

Synthetic opioids such as fentanyl are key drivers of the opioid crisis, contributing to approximately 68% of the nearly 108,000 deaths linked to drug overdose in 2022 (CDC). Though fentanyl is a μ opioid receptor agonist, it demonstrates enhanced lipophilicity, heightened potency to induce respiratory depression, and more rapid central nervous system entry compared to certain other opioids, i.e., morphine. However, there are relatively few biodistribution comparison studies of fentanyl and classical opioids like morphine in mice, despite the use of mice as preclinical models of opioid effects, i.e., respiratory depression. Therefore, the current study compared acute fentanyl (0.3 mg/kg) and morphine (30 mg/kg) biodistribution in blood and 12 tissues at doses causing respiratory depression in male Swiss Webster mice. Whole-body plethysmography was used to select fentanyl and morphine doses producing comparable respiratory depression, and an LC/MS-MS protocol was developed to quantify fentanyl, morphine, and metabolites in diverse tissue samples. Drug distribution time courses varied by tissue, with fentanyl and morphine displaying similar time courses in the lung, stomach, and small intestine, but differing in the brain and spleen. Fentanyl exhibited greater distribution out of the blood and into the brain, liver, lung, and heart than morphine early after administration and out of the blood into fat at later time points after administration. The ratios of total drug distribution (area under the curve) in tissue–blood over time suggest that fentanyl accumulation in tissue relative to blood in several areas, such as lung, heart, kidney, spleen, fat, and small intestine, is greater than morphine. These findings indicate that fentanyl administration may affect several organs to a larger degree than morphine.
Contrastive Speaker Representation Learning with Hard Negative Sampling for Speaker Recognition
Authors: Go Changhwan , Lee Young Han , Kim Taewoo , Park Nam In , Chun Chanjun
Published: September 2024

Speaker recognition is a technology that identifies the speaker in an input utterance by extracting speaker-distinguishable features from the speech signal. Speaker recognition is used for system security and authentication; therefore, it is crucial to extract unique features of the speaker to achieve high recognition rates. Representative methods for extracting these features include a classification approach, or utilizing contrastive learning to learn the speaker relationship between representations and then using embeddings extracted from a specific layer of the model. This paper introduces a framework for developing robust speaker recognition models through contrastive learning. This approach aims to minimize the similarity to hard negative samples—those that are genuine negatives, but have extremely similar features to the positives, leading to potential mistaken. Specifically, our proposed method trains the model by estimating hard negative samples within a mini-batch during contrastive learning, and then utilizes a cross-attention mechanism to determine speaker agreement for pairs of utterances. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method, we compared the performance of a deep learning model trained with a conventional loss function utilized in speaker recognition with that of a deep learning model trained using our proposed method, as measured by the equal error rate (EER), an objective performance metric. Our results indicate that when trained with the voxceleb2 dataset, the proposed method achieved an EER of 0.98% on the voxceleb1-E dataset and 1.84% on the voxceleb1-H dataset.
Compact Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detector with Adjustable Laser Focal Spot for Multiple Purposes
Authors: Xu Zihe , Chen Xi , Liu Fangwu
Published: September 2024

In many research fields, the demand for miniaturized laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection systems has been increasing. This work has developed a compact LIF detector, employing a laser diode as the excitation source and a photodiode as the photodetector with an adjustable laser focal spot, to meet the diverse requirements of various observation targets, such as capillaries, PCR tubes, and microfluidic chips. It features the functionalities of background fluorescence correction, the adaptive adjustment of the dynamic range, and constant power control for the laser. The influence of the excitation power on the detection limit was studied through experiments, and the configuration results for LED/LD as light sources and 487/450 nm wavelengths were compared and optimized. A fully integrated, compact, modular epifluorescence LIF detector was subsequently constructed, measuring 40 × 22 × 38 mm3 in total size, with a cost of USD 320, and achieving a detection limit of 0.4 nM for fluorescein sodium. Finally, the detector was integrated into a nucleic acid detection system with a microfluidic chip on the Chinese Space Station (CSS) and was also tested with PCR tubes and capillaries, proving its broad practicality and adaptability to various analytical systems.
Terahertz Refractive Index and Temperature Dual-Parameter Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance in Two-Channel Photonic Crystal Fiber
Authors: Wang Doudou , Guo Wenchuan , Zou Yizu , Ma Tian , Wang Weifeng , Chen Guoxiang
Published: September 2024

A terahertz photonic crystal fiber with two sensing channels was designed. Graphene coated on the micro-grooves in the cladding was used as plasma material to introduce tunability. The dispersion relation, mode coupling, and sensing characteristics of the fiber were studied using the finite element method. Ultrahigh sensitivity of 2.014 THz/RIU and 0.734 GHz/°C were obtained for analytes with refractive index in the range of 1.33 to 1.4 and environment temperature in the range of 10–60 °C, respectively. Refractive index resolution can reach the order of 10−5. The dual parameter simultaneous detection, dynamic tunable characteristics, and working in the low-frequency range of terahertz enable the designed photonic crystal fiber to have application prospects in the field of biosensing.
Research on Defect Detection Method of Fusion Reactor Vacuum Chamber Based on Photometric Stereo Vision
Authors: Qin Guodong , Zhang Haoran , Cheng Yong , Xu Youzhi , Wang Feng , Liu Shijie , Qin Xiaoyan , Zhao Ruijuan , Zuo Congju , Ji Aihong
Published: September 2024

This paper addresses image enhancement and 3D reconstruction techniques for dim scenes inside the vacuum chamber of a nuclear fusion reactor. First, an improved multi-scale Retinex low-light image enhancement algorithm with adaptive weights is designed. It can recover image detail information that is not visible in low-light environments, maintaining image clarity and contrast for easy observation. Second, according to the actual needs of target plate defect detection and 3D reconstruction inside the vacuum chamber, a defect reconstruction algorithm based on photometric stereo vision is proposed. To optimize the position of the light source, a light source illumination profile simulation system is designed in this paper to provide an optimized light array for crack detection inside vacuum chambers without the need for extensive experimental testing. Finally, a robotic platform mounted with a binocular stereo-vision camera is constructed and image enhancement and defect reconstruction experiments are performed separately. The results show that the above method can broaden the gray level of low-illumination images and improve the brightness value and contrast. The maximum depth error is less than 24.0% and the maximum width error is less than 15.3%, which achieves the goal of detecting and reconstructing the defects inside the vacuum chamber.
Darwin’s Digestion Myth: Historical and Modern Perspectives on Our Understanding of Seed Dispersal by Waterbirds
Authors: Green Andy J. , Wilkinson David M.
Published: September 2024

Internal transport (endozoochory) and external transport (epizoochory) by migratory waterbirds are key mechanisms of long-distance dispersal for seeds and other diaspores of plants lacking a fleshy fruit. Beginning with Darwin in 1859, we review how opinions about the relative importance of epizoochory and endozoochory have changed repeatedly over time and how this allows us to reassess our modern understanding of plant dispersal. Darwin was mistaken in asserting that diaspores cannot survive passage through the gut of waterbirds or other granivorous birds. This “digestion myth” led him to underestimate endozoochory and overstate the importance of epizoochory, an approach which is echoed throughout the literature until the present day. Darwin also focused on aquatic plants, yet it is now clear that waterbirds are also major vectors of terrestrial plants. Based on their empirical observations and experiments, other less influential scientists (notably Hesselman in 1897, Guppy in 1906 and Proctor in the 1960s) argued that endozoochory is the more important mechanism for waterbirds. Modern field and experimental studies demonstrate the dominant role for endozoochory. Unfortunately, avian endozoochory of dry-fruited plants continues to be ignored as a dispersal mechanism by many plant ecologists, which we attribute to Darwin’s continuing influence. However, this endozoochory has major implications for plant biogeography and requires wider recognition and research.
Opening Software Research Data 5Ws+1H
Authors: Terzi Anastasia , Bibi Stamatia
Published: September 2024

Open Science describes the movement of making any research artifact available to the public, fostering sharing and collaboration. While sharing the source code is a popular Open Science practice in software research and development, there is still a lot of work to be done to achieve the openness of the whole research and development cycle from the conception to the preservation phase. In this direction, the software engineering community faces significant challenges in adopting open science practices due to the complexity of the data, the heterogeneity of the development environments and the diversity of the application domains. In this paper, through the discussion of the 5Ws+1H (Why, Who, What, When, Where, and How) questions that are referred to as the Kipling’s framework, we aim to provide a structured guideline to motivate and assist the software engineering community on the journey to data openness. Also, we demonstrate the practical application of these guidelines through a use case on opening research data.
A Maize Mutant Impaired in SL Biosynthesis (zmccd8) Shows a Lower Growth, an Altered Response to Nitrogen Starvation, and a Potential Secondary Effect on Drought Tolerance
Authors: Ravazzolo Laura , Chichi Andrea , Meggio Franco , Buzzicotti Leonardo , Ruperti Benedetto , Varotto Serena , Malagoli Mario , Quaggiotti Silvia
Published: September 2024

Strigolactones (SLs) are essential phytohormones involved in plant development and interaction with the rhizosphere, regulating shoot branching, root architecture, and leaf senescence for nutrient reallocation. The Zea mays L. zmccd8 mutant, defective in SL biosynthesis, shows various architectural changes and reduced growth. This study investigates zmccd8 and wild-type (WT) maize plants under two nutritional treatments (N-shortage vs. N-provision as urea). Morphometric analysis, chlorophyll and anthocyanin indexes, drought-related parameters, and gene expression were measured at specific time points. The zmccd8 mutant displayed reduced growth, such as shorter stems, fewer leaves, and lower kernel yield, regardless of the nutritional regime, confirming the crucial role of SLs. Additionally, zmccd8 plants exhibited lower chlorophyll content, particularly under N-deprivation, indicating SL necessity for proper senescence and nutrient mobilization. Increased anthocyanin accumulation in zmccd8 under N-shortage suggested a stress mitigation attempt, unlike WT plants. Furthermore, zmccd8 plants showed signs of increased water stress, likely due to impaired stomatal regulation, highlighting SLs role in drought tolerance. Molecular analysis confirmed higher expression of SL biosynthesis genes in WT under N-shortage, while zmccd8 lacked this response. These findings underscore SL importance in maize growth, stress responses, and nutrient allocation, suggesting potential agricultural applications for enhancing crop resilience.
The Role of Tool Pin Imprints on the Mechanical Behavior of Structures Repaired Using the Friction Stir Welding (Fsw)Technique
Authors: Hasna Hadj Boulenouar , Mohamed Mazari , Azzeddine Belaziz , Rachid Hadj Boulenouar
Published: September 2024

Among the various techniques employed to repair structures comprised of materials containing cracks, one of the most prominent is the utilization of friction stir welding (FSW). This method involves a solid-state assembly process. The adoption of FSW as a structural repair technique offers a swift response to meet contemporary industrial demands. When applied to the 5083 H111 aluminum alloy, this technique extended the operational lifespan of components following their repair.
العلاقة بين خصائص الشركة والعضوية المتعددة في مجلس إدارة الشركات المساهمة: بيئة الأعمال السعودية نموذجاً
Authors: الشتوي محمد عبدالله
Published: September 2024

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى قياس العلاقة بين خصائص الشركة (أداء الشركة، الحجم، العمر، القطاع) وبين العضوية المتعددة لعضو مجلس الإدارة المستقل في الشركات غير المالية المدرجة بالسوق المالية السعودية. شملت عينة الدراسة 105 من الشركات غير المالية المدرجة في العام 2014. تم إستخدام تحليل الانحدار المتعدد لاختبار فروض الدراسة. توصلت الدراسة إلى وجود علاقة طردية بين كل من أداء الشركة وحجم الشركة وبين العضوية المتعددة لعضو مجلس الإدارة المستقل؛ بينما لم تبين نتائج الدراسة وجود علاقة بين كل من عمر الشركة والقطاع الذي تعمل به وبين العضوية المتعددة لعضو مجلس الإدارة المستقل. هذه النتائج لها أهميتها في تطوير الأنظمة المتعلقة بالعضوية المتعددة التي أصدرتها هيئة سوق المال بالمملكة؛ وكذلك مساعدة إدارة الشركات على اتخاذ القرارات المتعلقة بالعضوية المتعددة وتوجية مواردها البشرية بما يتوافق مع تحقيق مصالح المستثمرين.
العلاقة بين مستوى شفافية القوائم المالية وبين البيئة التنظيمية والمراجع الخارجي وحجم مجلس إدارة الشركة: دراسة لمحتوى القوائم المالية لشركات التأمين في الدول الخليجية
Authors: النودل علي عبدالله
Published: September 2024

تهدف هذه الدارسة إلى قياس العلاقة بين مستوى شفافية القوائم المالية لشركات التأمين وبين البيئة التنظيمية والمراجع الخارجي وحجم مجلس إدارة الشركة في السعودية والإمارات وقطر.توصلت الدراسة من خلال أسلوب تحليل المحتوى لـ 323 قوائم مالية منشورة لـ 68 شركة تأمين للفترة (2014- 2009) إلى وجود علاقة معنوية بين مستوى شفافية القوائم المالية وبين البيئة التنظيمية والمراجع الخارجي، إضافةً إلى حجم وربحية الشركة. لذا توصي الدراسة بالتركيز على التشريعات الحكومية ومهنة المراجعة الخارجية لتحسين مستوى شفافية القوائم المالية.
NIAT BERALIH PENGGUNAAN SMARTPHONE: MENGINTEGRASIKAN KERANGKA KERJA DORONG-TARIK-TAMBAT
Authors: Muhamad Syaeful Anwar  , Lely Afiati
Published: September 2024

This study empirically examines and analyzes the factors influencing the switching intention usage of Android smartphone to iOS smartphone. The research investigates three main categories: push factors, pull factors, and mooring factor. Push factors include dissatisfaction and low quality. Pull factors include alternative attractiveness and perceived usefulness. Mooring factor include switching costs. The research design employs an explanatory approach to determine one or more variables that explain the cause-and-effect relationship with other variables. Data was collected through a survey using Google Form with 123 respondents. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software to analyze respondents characterstics and SmartPLS software to analyze the measurement model and structural model. The results show that push and pull factors positively and significantly affect switching intention. Switching costs moderate the influence of pull factors on switching intention of smartphone usage while, switching costs do not moderate the influence of push factors on switching intention of smartphone usage.
Iranian Mothers’ Perspectives about Aspects and Determining Factors of Respectful Maternity Care During Labor and Delivery: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Vaezi Maryam , Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi Sakineh , Meedya Shahla , Hajizadeh Khadije
Published: September 2024

Background. Respectful maternity care (RMC) is a crucial approach to enhancing the experiences of mothers. This study aimed to explore women's views on the factors contributing to disrespect and abuse (D&A) during childbirth. Methods. A qualitative study was conducted with 12 postpartum women selected through purposive sampling to ensure maximum diversity. Data were gathered through in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed using a conventional content analysis method. Results. The analysis revealed seven key categories. These categories included respect for women, meeting needs and preferences, involvement of women, continuity of care, empathy, adequate human and non-human resources, and factors that deter D&A. Conclusion. It is essential to develop effective interventions to enhance RMC across various dimensions. Providing RMC during and after childbirth necessitates the involvement of policymakers and health managers. This can be accomplished by addressing the welfare and environmental needs, showing empathy towards mothers, safeguarding their privacy, alleviating staff workloads, and transforming the attitudes of healthcare workers.
A new species of Eprius Godman, 1901 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: de Medeiros Adalberto Dantas , Pereira Gualberto Emanoel , Mielke Olaf Hermann Hendrik
Published: September 2024

A new species of skipper butterfly from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest belonging to the subtribe Moncina (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae: Hesperiini) is herein described: Eprius punctula Medeiros, Gualberto & O. Mielke sp. nov. The new species has a color pattern similar to other species in the genus, differing by the presence of a small yellow spot at the discal cell on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the forewing (absent in some specimens). The male and female genitalia are similar to those of Eprius repens (Evans, 1955), but the spined projection near the proximal-ventral margin of the harpe and the approximately straight distal margin of the lamella postvaginalis are exclusive traits of E. punctula sp. nov. Illustrations of the adults and genitalia of both sexes and the male stigma are provided.
SAĞLIK YÖNETİMİ BÖLÜMÜ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN SAĞLIK ALGILARININ ORGANİK GIDA TÜKETİMİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: Güner Abdulkadir , Ulusoy Hatice
Published: September 2024

Bireylerin sağlık davranışlarını belirleyen faktörlerden birisi onların sağlık algılarıdır. Organik gıda ise, sağlıklı kabul edilen, “doğal”, “yerel”, “taze” ve “saf” olarak tanımlanan gıdadır. Bu çalışma, Sağlık Yönetimi Bölümü öğrencilerinin sağlık algılarının organik gıda tüketimine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemini, çalışmaya katılmayı gönüllü olarak kabul eden bir üniversitenin Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Sağlık Yönetimi Bölümünde öğrenim gören 193 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “Sağlık Algısı ölçeği” Organik Gıda Tüketim Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Anketler Google Forms üzerinden 26.03.2024-15.04.2024 arasında online olarak öğrencilere uygulanmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin; %67,4’ü kadın, %40,4’ü 21-22 yaş aralığında, %37,3’ünün ailesinin aylık geliri 17.003-27.000 aralığında ve %48,2’si genel olarak sağlıksız beslendiğini düşünmektedir. Sağlık Algısı ölçeğinin, Cronbach's Alpha değeri 0,686 ve ölçeğin toplam puan ortalaması 49,933 olarak bulunmuştur. Organik Gıda Tüketimi ölçeğinin Cronbach's Alpha değeri 0,889 ve ölçeğin toplam puan ortalaması 60,922 olarak bulunmuştur. Regresyon analizi sonucunda sağlık algısının organik gıda tüketimi üzerinde istatiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü bir etkisinin bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Başka bir ifade ile öğrencilerin sağlık algısının artması, organik gıda tüketimini anlamlı olarak arttırmaktadır.
TÜRKİYE'DE GELİR EŞİTSİZLİĞİNİN YAŞAM BEKLENTİSİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: AMPİRİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: Çıraklı Bergüzar , Hacıhasanoğlu Tansel
Published: September 2024

Araştırmanın amacı Türkiye'de gelir eşitsizliği ve ekonomik faktörlerin doğuşta yaşam beklentisi üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Araştırmada kapsamında Gini katsayısı, reel milli gelir, enflasyon oranı ve işsizlik ekonomik faktörlerle ilgili 12 adet dikey kesit (zaman serisi) veri seti kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, ARDL eşbütünleşme yaklaşımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda Gini katsayısındaki artışın doğuşta yaşam beklentisini anlamlı şekilde azalttığını göstermektedir. Bu, gelir eşitsizliğinin sağlık üzerinde belirgin bir olumsuz etkisi olduğunu ve özellikle düşük gelir grubundaki bireylerin sağlık durumlarını kötüleştirdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Enflasyon oranındaki artışın doğuşta yaşam beklentisini olumlu yönde etkilediği, reel GSYH'deki artışın doğuşta yaşam beklentisi üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi bulunmadığı, işsizlik oranındaki artışın ise doğuşta yaşam beklentisini olumsuz etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgular, gelir eşitsizliğini azaltan politikaların ve işsizlikle mücadele stratejilerinin doğuşta beklenen yaşam süresi üzerinde olumlu etkiler yaratabileceğini, ayrıca enflasyonun olumlu etkilerini sürdürebilmek için ekonomik politikaların dikkatli bir şekilde yönetilmesinin önemini göstermektedir. Gelecek araştırmalarda, uluslararası karşılaştırmalardan faydalanarak ve daha geniş veri setleriyle kapsamlı analizlerin yapılması durumunda daha nitelikli sağlık politikaları oluşturulabileceği düşünülmektedir.
KADRO DERGİSİ/ KADRO HAREKETİNİN KEMALİST İDEOLOJİDEN AYRILDIĞI KONULAR
Authors: Esen Kübra , Akbal İsmail
Published: September 2024

Kadro dergisi, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün desteğiyle Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu, Şevket Süreyya Aydemir gibi Cumhuriyet döneminin önemli aydınları tarafından çıkarılmıştır. Dergi, ilk sayısını Ocak 1932 de yayınlamış ve 1935 yılına kadar yayın hayatına devam etmiştir. .Çok uzun süreli bir yayın hayatı olmasa da Türk siyasal yaşamında çok önemli bir yer edinmiştir. Siyasi, sosyal ve ekonomik fikirlerini Kadro dergisindeki makaleleriyle topluma ulaştıran bu yazar ve aydın grubu kadro hareketi olarak bilinmektedir. Kemalizmi resmî ideoloji haline getirmeye ve sistemleştirmeye çalışan Kadro hareketi, çıkardıkları dergileri aracılığıyla Kemalist ideolojinin toplumu Batılı anlamda değiştirme projelerini yani inkılapları topluma anlatma ve kabul ettirme çabasında olmuşlardır. Bunun için siyasi, ekonomik ve sosyolojik konuları içeren makaleler yayınlamışlardır. Kemalist ideolojiyi topluma tanıtma ve benimsetme misyonu ile yayınlanmaya başlayan dergi, bazı makaleleri ile Kemalist ideolojiden ayrılmış; hatta zaman zaman Kemalist ideolojinin tam karşı yönünde fikirler öne sürmüşlerdir.
Kadro dergisinin inkılapları destekleyen makalelerini analiz eden birçok çalışma yapılmıştır; ancak inkılapların yürütülüş şekline ve yöntemine eleştirel yaklaşım sergileyen yanına yönelik çalışmalarla konusunda literatürde eksiklik olduğu göze çarpmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, alandaki eksikliği gidermek amacıyla, Kadro dergisinin eleştirel makalelerini inceleyerek Kemalizm’den ayrılan özelliklerini analiz etmektedir.
Çalışma hazırlanırken Kadro dergisinin tüm sayıları incelenmiş, dergide yayınlanan makaleler üzerinden analizler yapılmıştır. Ayrıca Kadro dergisinin yazar kadrosunun hatıralarından da faydalanılmıştır. Birincil nitelikteki kaynaklardan faydalanarak hazırlanan bu makalede Kadro dergisinin eleştirel nitelikteki yayınlarının bir kısmı çalışmaya eklenmiş ve Kemalizm’in ilkeleri ile karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır. Nihayetinde Kadro dergisinin Kemalist ideolojiden ayrılan yönlerine ilişkin bir analiz yapılmıştır.
RESILIENCE AND WELL-BEING AMONG NURSES IN SELECTED HOSPITALS, KATHMANDU
Authors: Prajapati Rosana , Rana Hari , Palladino Francesco Pio , Thapa Pramila
Published: September 2024

Introduction: In Nepal, there is a research gap regarding the Well-Being (WB) and resilience of nursing employees, despite their critical role in health care. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the levels of resilience and WB among nurses. Researchers selected a private hospital in Basuandara, Kathmandu. The study also explored the socio-demographic factors associated with these outcomes. The field provided variables and insights into the challenges faced by the nursing profession in Nepal and an informed-targeted intervention to support their WB.

Methods: A descriptive-analytical study was conducted at three hospitals in Kathmandu to assess nurses' resilience and WB. A sample of 200 nurses was selected using convenience sampling. Self-administered surveys with validated tools (CD-RISC 10 and WHO-5) were used. Data analysis involved SPSS, employing descriptive statistics, and regression, Ethical clearance and confidentiality were ensured.

Results: The results of the study showed that 38.5% of the participants have low resilience, indicating potential areas of concern. Simultaneously, 38.5% reported a low level of WB. The analysis also identified significant associations between resilience and work experiences, as well as WB and factors such as age, type of job, and work experiences. These findings highlighted the importance of considering these variables when implementing interventions to enhance resilience and WB among nurses.

Conclusion: In conclusion, this study found that a significant proportion of nurses in selected hospitals in Basuandhara, Kathmandu, had a low level of resilience and wellbeing. Treated intervention is necessary. Further research should include larger standards with objective measures for a comprehensive understanding of nursing WB.