bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of biological and botanical pesticides against Chionaspis sp. on Sandalwood in South Central Timor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Rianawati H , Inangsih F , Puspiyatun R Y
Published: January 2022

The scale insect (Chionaspis sp.) is one of the destructive pests on both sandalwood (Santalum album Linn.) seedling and sapling in East Nusa Tenggara (ENT). The use of chemical pesticides for suppressing the chionaspis attack on sandalwood is not suggested concerning the environmental and health issues. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy level of several botanical and biological pesticides to manage sandalwood scale insects. This study was conducted in the sandalwood nursery and sandalwood plantation in South Central Timor Regency, ENT. There were eight treatments as follows: control (only water no pesticide); chemical pesticide with chlorpyrifos active ingredient as the comparison; three biological pesticide treatments (Metarhizium sp. formulation, Beauveria sp. formulation, and Bactospeine formulation); and three botanical pesticide treatments (Chromolaena odorata formulation, neem/Azadirachta indica formulation, and commercial neem pesticide). The parameters are the intensity of sandalwood scale insect attack, the height, and the diameter of sandalwood seedlings and saplings. The results show the highest level of bio-pesticide efficacy in the nursery, and the field was neem formulation with a percentage of 50.86% and 58.67%, respectively.
Economic Potential of Species Diversity in Agroforestry System Buffer Zones
Authors: Aiko N , Putri A , Jannah S R , Adni S F , Hartoyo A P P
Published: January 2022

Rantau Rasau is one of the buffer villages in the Berbak and Sembilang National Parks where located between the Batanghari River and Berbak National Park Area. This village has potential enhancement community economy based on vegetation diversity. However, its baseline data is still limited. The objectives of this study were to 1) analyze stand structure, vegetation composition and diversity in an agroforestry system, 2) investigate the economic potential of vegetation diversity in the agroforestry system of Rantau Rasau Village, a buffer zone of Berbak National Park, Jambi. The method used was purposive sampling and vegetation analysis. The agroforestry type in Rantau Rasau Village is a simple agroforestry system. The value of diversity index at pole and tree levels belonged to the low category (H’<2). Species richness (R) at the pole level was moderate, while at the tree level was low. Important value index (IVI) showed that the dominant species were coconut (Cocos nucifera), areca nut (Areca catechu), rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), and coffee (Coffea robusta). The dominant crops were bananas (Musa sp.) and cassava. Agroforestry in this village supports the achievement of SDGs point 15.4 and 15.9 by increasing the communities’ income by USD 8,4711.11/year.
Tree Health Analysis of Five Families in Bogor Botanical Gardens
Authors: Herliyana E N , Ridwan A R A , Putra E I , Rachmadiyanto A N
Published: January 2022

Bogor Botanical Garden (KRB) is an ex-situ conservation area where the world-class plants with important assets that need to be preserved are properly collected. Tree damage in BBG should be recognized appropriately by knowing the type and location as well as the severity of the damage. The type of damage that commonly found is Heart rot, weathered wood, Gall Rust of 36% of the total cases found. Damage’s to the tree found on a total of nine areas where most of them located on between crown base and stump (45%). About 50 % of total tree is in very healthy condition with Plot Level Index of 2.93, and therefore, a study site can be categorized as normal or healthy condition. Damaged trees should be monitored consistently using appropriate techniques, such as Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) technique that may allow the management to share the information of the damaged trees to the visitor, so they can travel safely.
Expressed sequence tag simple sequence repeats (EST-SSRs) mining and marker development from Leucaena leucocephala root transcriptome
Authors: Faidah A N , Shabrina H
Published: January 2022

Leucaena leucocephala is a nitrogen-fixing legume and a fast-growing species used for various purposes, including food, medicine, and most recently, energy-source wood. Compared to other commonly planted legumes, this species has a high-stress tolerance, and only one recorded insect infestation. The transcriptome analysis revealed genes involved in the production of stress tolerance compounds in the root. In this study, we attempted to extract simple sequence repeats (SSRs) from the transcriptome data of L. leucocephala root to establish molecular markers. The SSRs mined from L. leucocephala transcriptome deposited in NCBI with accession number GDRZ00000000. We used Krait v.1.3.3 to extract the SSRs and developed the primers. The SSRs cover 0.3% of the total transcriptome sequence, with 21.321 perfect SSRs found and relative density 2908.63 (bp/Mb). The most abundant type of SSRs was found in mononucleotide (39.85%), followed by dinucleotide (33.49%) and trinucleotide (24.75). However, for tetra, penta, and hexanucleotide, the percentage was lower than 2%. The number of primers generated was 8137 primers, with 3969 dinucleotides, 3947 trinucleotides, 150 tetranucleotides, 21 pentanucleotides, and 50 hexanucleotide SSR primers. This finding may help to accelerate stress-tolerant legume improvement in the future.
Bio function of Cytochrome P450 on fungus: a review
Authors: Pratiwi R A , Yahya N S W , Chi Y
Published: January 2022

Cytochrome P450 is the superfamily of proteins involved in the metabolism of organisms, including fungi. Fungal have more diverse P450 families than plants, animals, or bacteria. Research on fungal P450 has blossomed and become an important area in biology and ecology. Cytochrome P450 could be detoxifying natural and environmental contaminants to survive in several ecological niches. Furthermore, the presence of the fungal Cytochrome P450 as an antifungal drug target is a promising approach for the controlling of pest and plant pathogenic fungi. To date, numerous studies have revealed the annotation of diverse P450 followed by an elucidation of P450 functions. This mini-review starts with some basic information of P450s on fungi, then discusses the incredible bio function of characterized fungal P450.
Pathogenicity test of sengon (Falcataria moluccana) seed-borne endophytic fungus
Authors: Istikorini Y , Kusuma D A , Haneda N F , Siregar U J
Published: January 2022

The sengon (Falcataria moluccana) is one of the high-economic and highly cultivated industrial plants in Indonesia. Attacks by pests and diseases can affect quality and quantity and thus require effective control. One of the rare sengon plant fungus explorations has been developed. This study aims to find out the pathogenicity of 13 seed-borne endophytic fungi from sengon seeds. The result shows that seven endophytic fungi were pathogenic (Daldinia sp, Curvularia lunata, Sardiomycetes sp. Eremothecium ashbyi, Annulohypoxylon stygium. Arthrinium malaysianum, Annulohypoxylon nitens) and six non-pathogenic (Onchroconis humicola, Cladophialophora boppii, Aspergillus ruber, Aspergillus chevalieri, Ascotricha sp., and not identified fungi). Thus the isolated endophytic fungi mainly were potentially pathogenic. Among the six species of non-pathogenic endophytic fungi, O. humicola is better able to increase the increase of plumules, radicals, cotyledons, and leaves higher than six other isolates
Subak, a Nature-based Solutions Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Risna R A , Rustini H A , Herry  , Buchori D , Pribadi D O
Published: January 2022

Subak, an inherited communal water management in the agricultural system for centuries in Bali Island – Indonesia, has been widely known as a UNESCO World Heritage Culture since 2012. Subak’s philosophy “Tri Hita Karana” (three causes of prosperity) has become the foundation for Subak members to practice sustainable agriculture. Its institutional and operational practices were found to be a good example of ecosystem services management in a cultural way. In an attempt to assess Subak’s eligibility as a Nature-based Solutions (NbS) activities in ensuring the ecosystem services delivered to its people, we conducted a self-assessment using 8 criteria and 21 indicators based on NbS guidelines. The result shows that Subak addressed three out of seven societal challenges as a core of NbS: environmental degradation and biodiversity loss, food security, and water security. We also identified some problems and challenges faced by Balinese and Subak in terms of the system’s sustainability. We concluded that Subak could be categorized as an NbS, specifically NbS Type 2 for sustainability and multifunctionality of managed ecosystems. Supports from the central government both in terms of regulatory and policies are needed, as well as promoting Subak to other related sectors such ecotourism.
Lignocellulolytic enzyme potential of dark septate endophyte (dse) from Pinus merkusii roots in Dramaga Bogor Indonesia
Authors: Akhir J , Budi S W , Herliyana E N , Surono
Published: January 2022

The ability ofDark Septate Endophyte(DSE) derived from the roots ofP. merkusiiin decomposing organic matter is not much published. This study aims to determine the activity of lignolytic and cellulolytic enzymes, as well as the value of the cellulolytic index of Apls, isolates fromP. merkusiiroots taken from IPB Dramaga Bogor. Enzyme activity was tested by measuring the clear zone formed, while the cellulolytic index value was obtained by measuring the ratio of the clear zone formed around the colony. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results identified 10 isolates, 8 Apls isolates had potential enzyme activity that able to form clear zone, 5 isolates had lignolytic enzyme activity (Apls 1.4.1, Apls 2.3.1.1, Apls 3.4.2, Apls 2.1.1 and Apls 3.4 1.1) and 1 isolate had cellulolytic enzyme activity (Apls 3.1.3), and 2 isolates had lignocellulolytic enzyme activity (Apls 1.5.3 and Apls 3.4.3b), with the highest cellulolytic index value in Apls 1.5.3 isolates of 0,87 mm. 2 isolates had not lignocellulolytic enzymes activity (Apls 3.4.3 and Apls 3.1.4). The DSE roots ofP. merkusiifrom IPB Dramaga Bogor had the potential for lignocellulolytic enzymes of 20 per cent of the total DSE found.
An approach for Developing Situ Pèngghir Sèrèng Ecotourism in Pasongsongan Village, Sumenep Regency, East Java
Authors: Firrasyida S N , Arifin R E M , Setiawan M F , Hermawan S , Wirianto H A , Yaqin R A , Kurniasari E P , Susanti C , Adhim A , Labbaikha T A , Harianto A S , Putra E I
Published: January 2022

Pasongsongan Village has various potential economic values, including natural resources, culture, and social values. One of the unique features found in Pasongsongan village that can be developed as an ecotourism is the fresh water resources on the shoreline. The fascination of fresh water sources on the shoreline or Situ Pèngghir Sèrèng in Pasongsongan Village has its own charm to be developed as an ecotourism. We believe that Situ Pèngghir Sèrèng Ecotourism will lead as a market center in promoting local products from Pasongsongan Village if managed appropriately. This study aimed to explore the tourism potential that can be developed and develop a 3D design of Situ Pèngghir Sèrèng ecotourism. Our 3D design greatly illustrates how to facilitate stakeholders in planning activities in Situ Pèngghir Sèrèng ecotourism. This 3D design, in turn, can be used as a beneficial asset for stakeholders to plan, develop and manage the area as one of an ecotourism center in East Java.
Characteristics of biochar methods from bamboo as améliorant
Authors: Herviyanti  , Maulana A , Lita A L , Prasetyo T B , Ryswaldi R
Published: January 2022

One of the qualities of biochar is determined by the method in biochar production. The development of methods is carried out in traditional (Soil-Pit), conventional (Drum), and modern ways (Kon-Tiki). Thus, it is necessary to study the characteristics of the method in biochar production. The treatment units were allocated based on a Completely Randomized Design with three replication. The results showed that the characteristics of bamboo biochar based on the method of biochar production has a significant on the duration of firing and moisture of biochar and chemical properties of bamboo biochar on pH, EC, liming potential, proximate analysis, CEC, and cation bases (K, Ca and Na-exch), C Inorganic and C Organic. The best method of production of biochar bamboo is modern ways (Kon-Tiki) because it has effective time in the process production, high moisture, yield ratio compared to other methods, and less smoke so it can reduce air pollution.
Development of Energy Forest Plantation as a Solution for Forest Disturbance and Renewable Energy in Timor Leste: A review
Authors: Carvalho E F M de , Syaufina L , Hermawan D
Published: January 2022

Firewood has been a common traditional energy source used by communities living in villages and cities in Timor Leste. About 80 % of villagers use firewood as an energy source, which puts pressure on forest disturbance as demand increases. Therefore, energy forest plantation can be an important alternative for forest disturbance solutions and fuel reserve for the community. The paper aims to review the possibility of the development of energy forest plantations in Timor Leste. The literature review applied for publications in 2015-2021 with the keywords of Timor Leste, energy plantation forest, and firewood using the Publish or Perish tool. We found 886 publications related to the keywords, whereas only 65 publications contained the keywords. The reviews indicate that the pressure on the forest due to firewood collection has been on the increase. Therefore, energy forest plantation is a vital alternative to solve forest disturbance in Timor Leste.
Pathogenicity test of fungal leaf blight on sengon seedlings at Permanent Nursery Dramaga Bogor
Authors: Syifaudin I S , Firmansyah M A , Budi S W
Published: January 2022

Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen) is a plant from the Fabaceae family that has a lot of potentials, both ecologically and economically, to be planted in rehabilitation areas. This study aimed to examine the pathogenicity of the fungus that causes leaf blight on sengon seedlings. The research method includes pathogenicity test activities consisting of field observations, pre-testing, and testing. The study used a Completely Randomized Factorial Design (RALF) and Duncan’s follow-up test. Rhizoctonia sp. has the fastest diameter growth compared to other fungi. Pathogenicity test results can be known that Rhizoctonia sp. produced the highest disease incidence and disease severity and was significantly different from other fungi. Rhizoctonia sp. produces 100% of disease incidence and 87.5% of disease severity. Wound treatment did not show a significant difference. Leaf blight spreads quickly over the entire surface of the sengon leaves, causing leaf fall and seedlings to die.
Rehabilitation technique in degraded forestland using Shorea leprosula cuttings: study on production potential and biomass accumulation
Authors: Heriansyah I , Hamid H A , Abdu A , Alias M A , Nuruddin A A , Mawazin
Published: January 2022

Shorea leprosula is a promising species to be used for reforestation and offers opportunities for enhancing carbon sink. The study was carried out in Gunung Dahu Forest Research, Indonesia. This paper reports growth performance, production potential and biomass accumulation of 12-yr-old Shorea leprosula by measuring the tree growth attributes. Based on the basal area, destructive samplings of 18 representative trees were done. The results showed that diameter and height growth and the proportion of canopy were found to have a positive relationship with the spacing regime. Growth performance in monoculture planted-system showed better results than other in mix planted-system for all spacing regimes. The regression models related to growth parameters, such as diameter (D) and height (H) to stem volume and biomass were constructed, then used to estimate stem and biomass accumulation. Production potential are 154.85, 136.97, 38.95 and 83.22, 72.99, 48.41 m3/ha for monoculture planted of 2 x 2, 3 x 3, 5 x 5 and mix planted of 2 x 2, 3 x 3 and 5 x 5 m spacing, respectively and their total biomass accumulations are 89.89, 76.78, 24.27 and 49.74, 43.95, 30.05 Ton/ha. The figure for production potential and biomass accumulation indicated that their quantifications can be estimated using D and D-H.
Detection and monitoring forest degradation and rehabilitation in the Upper Ciliwung watershed using Landsat TC
Authors: Hildanus  , Tarigan S D , Barus B
Published: January 2022

Study on the forest degradation and rehabilitation (FDR) during the period 2000 - 2005 and 2005 - 2015 was conducted in forest area of the Upper Ciliwung watershed in Bogor Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. Detection and monitoring of FDR is done through detection of tree cover (TC) changes. TC changes mapped through Landsat TC classification and very high spatial resolution image from Google Earth was used as a reference. The study purpose was to determine the Landsat TC capability in detecting and monitoring FDR. Landsat TC is capable of in detecting and monitoring forest degradation and rehabilitation, with an overall accuracy of 84.6%. The forest condition in the forest area in the Upper Ciliwung watershed in the period 2000 - 2005 was deteriorating, with the rate of forest degradation of 80.15 ha/year exceeding the rate of forest rehabilitation of 74.13 ha/year. The forest condition improved in the period 2005 - 2015, where the rate of forest degradation decreased to 51.34 ha/year and the rate of forest rehabilitation increased to 90.16 ha/year, compared to the previous period.
Lesson Learned From The 2019 Peatland Fire In Tumbang Nusa Area, Indonesia
Authors: Akbar A
Published: January 2022

Regionally, the Tumbang Nusa area consists of Tumbang Nusa village and Tanjung Taruna which also include a special research forest area under the management of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. The area is a peatland with a peat soil depth between 2-8 meters so that is representative of the impacts of peat fire events on areas of moderate until deep peat depth. Experience from fire events at the mentions area in 2019 can be used to guide improvements in fire prevention strategies and management plans for preventing future surface and peat fires. Our research has shown that reducing the probability of a fire occurring requires an understanding of the socio-economic factors, such as human activities which ignite fires. This should be coupled with an understanding of the supporting biophysical and social factors including peatland characteristics, involvement of fire brigades, police and army, management of fuel, local fire danger rating, fire equipment, institutional capacity, suppression response, and post-fire action. All of these learning elements can improve prevention techniques at the village level.
Chemical components of different parts of Strychnos ligustrina, a medicinal plant from Indonesia
Authors: Rahayu A A D , Prihantini A I , Krisnawati  , Nugraheni Y M M A
Published: January 2022

Strychnos ligustrinaBlume is one of the potential plants for medicine that has been used by the local community in Indonesia for traditional medicine. Some studies showed thatS. ligustrinaparts had different activities, such as antimalarial, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Triterpenoids, phenolics, tannins, alkaloids, and flavonoids were detected in this species. Different plant parts and grow sites may affect the composition of chemical components. Therefore, the present study investigated the chemical components in different parts ofS. ligustrinafrom some grow sites. The chemical components of different plant parts were analyzed by GC-MS and showed 51 compounds in total. The major constituents identified as mome inositol, heptadecene-(8)-carbonic acid-(1), palmitic acid, quinic acid, and stearic acid. The main active constituent of the antimalarial drug, strychnine, was also detected in this study. The PCA and cluster analysis of chemical components resulted in distinguished plant parts into three groups, whereas had shown no difference among the sites. In addition, the crucial compounds of this species that potential for antimalarial, strychnine, are only found in the leaf and stem. It has been shown that the leaf and stem are potential plant parts for the antimalarial agent.
Topography and planting distance’s impact on Lygodium circinnatum seedlings’ growth at Pasir Hantap, West Java
Authors: Prameswari D , Susila I W W , Mindawati N
Published: January 2022

One of the important raw materials for handy craft especially in Bali and Lombok islands is Lygodium circinnatum (Burn. F.) Sw. In Indonesia, this climbing fern is locally named paku hata, paku ate (Balinese) or rumput ketak (Sumbawa). In Lombok Island, it is appointed as superior NTFP a Lombok icon. Its hand-made product in form of traditional bags, hats, tissue boxes, glass bases and plate bases have been exported to Japan and Europe. However, sustainable stem collection in nature causes a lesser supply of L. circinnatum in nature. A large scale plantation of L. circinnatum has not been established so far. This research aims to know the impact of topography and planting distance on the growth of L. Circinnatum. Design research was blocked random factorial with Applied treatments were A: Planting distance i.e. 30 cm and 60 cm, B: Topography which is less than 45° and more than 45°. The best result is 60 cm distance and less than 45°. The paper also presented data on survival, length of stems, and condition of the climbing fern in Pasir Hantap, West Java.
Cultivation of white oyster mushroom (Pleuorotus ostreatus) on some ligno-celluloses materials
Authors: Soares F , Herliyana E N , Mansur I
Published: January 2022

White oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is a mushroom that is often consumed by the public and cultivated because it has a high nutritional content and a wide variety of essential amino acids, proteins, fats, minerals, and vitamins. This study aims to analyze the response of several ligno-celluloses materials to the growth of white oyster mushrooms, to compare the treatment of several ligno-celluloses materials to the growth of white oyster mushrooms, and to determine the appropriate concentration on the growth of white oyster mushrooms. The experimental design used in this study was a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). As the result of the interaction test, the P-value obtained is 0.999>0,05, thus h0 is not rejected. The test of seeds obtained p-value 0.005<0,05 h0 is rejected, based on the test of the influence of planting media obtained p-value 0,000<0,05 h0 is rejected. From the graph of the average comparison, it is known that the type of F3 seed on the M4 planting medium caused the highest duration of mycelium growth compared to the influence of the type of seed and other growing media.
Multi-Business based on landscapes agroforestry to improve connectivity of Kahayan-Sebangau Peat Hidrological Unit Central Kalimantan
Authors: Harun M K , Darwo  , Yuniati D , Khotimah H , Qirom M A , Hero Y , Putra E I , Pamungkas P , Sukendro A , Istomo  , Asterina P N , Nurhayati A D , Suryanto
Published: January 2022

The connectivity of the Peat Hydrological Unit (PHU) management through the development of multi-business based-on agroforestry landscapes has not been widely studied. Synergism in the development of PHU connectivity can be done through the determination of superior commodities in each physiography. The superior product per physiography in the PHU is an integrated cluster both vertical and horizontal value chain. This is known as a Porterian cluster. This study aims to build the concept of PHU connectivity through the development of multi-businesses based on agroforestry landscapes. The research was conducted in Tumbang Nusa Village. The study showed that natural and physical capitals in all categories of villagers of Tumbang Nusa Village are categorized as high and very high, respectively, while the availability of human capital in all categories is low. The availability of financial capital for the villagers of Tumbang Nusa Village in Category I is high, moderate for categories II and III, and low for categories IV and V. The availability of social capital for citizens in all categories is high. An important source of livelihood for the households of the villagers of Tumbang Nusa Village is natural capital, financial capital and social capital which comes in various forms. The contribution of agroforestry to the total income of farmer households ranges from 22.81% - 79.80%. The adaptation strategy that is mostly carried out by households in all levels of welfare categories is the economic adaptation strategy.
Optimal design of photon-sieve holograms for fine-line image generation
Authors: Sugisaka Jun-ichiro , Onishi Ko
Published: January 2022

A photon-sieve hologram (PSH) is a computer-generated hologram that can generate fine-line images. As a high-resolution image can be projected directly without using a reducing optical system, it can also be used for short-wavelength radiation, such as x-rays. We propose an optimum design method for the PSH so that a high-quality line image can be projected. We optimised straight-line and L-shaped bent-line images using numerical simulation based on vector diffraction theory and conjugate-gradient methods. This optimisation helped homogenise the intensity of the image and remove unwanted side lobes and spots around the image. We also experimentally examined the bent-line image before and after the optimisation to confirm its effect.
Microstructure change and corrosion resistance of selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V alloy subjected to pneumatic shot peening and ultrasonic shot peening
Authors: Zhang Qi , Xu Shuo , Wang Jie , Zhang Xianjie , Wang Junbiao , Si Chaorun
Published: January 2022

Titanium alloys fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) are typically subjected to post-treatments, such as shot peening, to improve the mechanical properties. However, the same Almen intensity may correspond to various combinations of peening parameters, which will generate different microstructures and comprehensive properties. Herein, the SLMed Ti64 alloy was treated by pneumatic shot peening (SP) and ultrasonic shot peening (USP) under the same Almen intensity of 0.2 mmA, investigating the changes of the microstructure and corrosion resistance. The average surface roughness (Ra) of the SPed sample was 1.806 μm, which was significantly higher than those of the USPed samples (0.942 μm and 0.999 μm). The USP and SP treatments led to the surface plastic deformation and grain refinement, while the SP produced a smaller crystallite size. The SP treatment led to the biggest surface and max compressive residual stress, which were −654.0 MPa and −805.5 MPa, but the USP resulted in thicker compressive residual stress layers. The USPed sample reached the highest microhardness (443.2 HV0.025) and the thickest hardened layer (247.8 μm). The USP and SP samples offered superior corrosion resistance, but the USPed samples showed higher corrosion potentials and lower corrosion current densities.
A robust solver for wavefunction-based density functional theory calculations*
Authors: Fattebert J-L
Published: January 2022

A new iterative solver is proposed to efficiently calculate the ground state electronic structure in density functional theory calculations. This algorithm is particularly useful for simulating physical systems considered difficult to converge by standard solvers, in particular metallic systems. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated on various applications.
Recent progress in bioactive gas delivery for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Yang , Chen Tiandong , Gu Ning , Yang Fang
Published: January 2022

Tumors with high mortality rates are still a major threat to human survival and health worldwide. In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has made rapid clinical progress in eliminating cancers by activating the host’s own immune system. Particularly, the use of physiological bioactive gas molecules such as nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide have been developed as novel immunotherapeutic strategies. In this review, we have summarized the current strategies for antitumor immunotherapy via bioactive gas molecules, targeting delivery to the tumor microenvironment. We summarize the biofunctions of bioactive gases to the immune system, then gas delivery nanocarriers for antitumor immunotherapy and the current status of the platform are presented. Furthermore, since gas could specifically respond to the ultrasound, ultrasound-assisted gas delivery is generalized as a promising potential pathway for enhanced immunotherapy. Finally, we have discussed the challenges and opportunities for bioactive gas delivery and the effects of acoustic enhanced immunotherapy in future developments and possible clinical applications.
Bridging the gap: increasing collaboration between research mentors and career development educators for PhD and postdoctoral training success
Authors: Subramanian Shoba , Hutchins Jessica A. , Lundsteen Natalie
Published: January 2022

National reports and funding mandates have called for trainee-centered PhD and postdoctoral training and the need to support diverse career outcomes. As a result, career and professional development (CPD) resources have expanded at several institutions. Despite the growth of innovative and impactful CPD resources, access to and awareness of resources have been inconsistent and inequitable for graduate and postdoctoral trainees. In the current model, core education occurs in two unconnected ways: faculty research mentors provide scientific competencies training, while CPD educators provide transferable competencies training, which is separate from the curriculum and optional at most institutions. Research mentors are influential in supporting trainee engagement with CPD programs; however, most are either unaware of the rapidly growing opportunities or may not see the direct benefit to scientific development and productivity. Due to this disconnect, some trainees can be inadvertently distanced from CPD resources, leading to more inequities among groups. To bridge this gap, here we propose a realignment of the current model via a set of practical and collaborative solutions providing benefit to all stakeholders. With greater awareness and collaboration, research mentors and CPD educators can complement each other’s expertise to better support trainee experiences and outcomes.
Asymmetric expression of proteins in the granules of the placentomal Binucleate cells in Giraffa camelopardalis
Authors: Wooding F B P , Forhead A J , Wilsher S , Allen W R , Roberts R M , Green J A , Beckers J F , Sousa N Melo , Charpigny G
Published: January 2022

Mature granulated trophoblast binucleate cells (BNC) have been found in all ruminant placentas examined histologically so far. BNC are normally fairly evenly distributed throughout the fetal villus and all their granules contain a similar variety of hormones and pregnancy associated glycoproteins (PAGs). Only the Giraffe is reported to show a different BNC protein expression, this paper is designed to investigate that. Gold labelled Lectin histochemistry and protein immunocytochemistry were used on deplasticised 1 μm sections of a wide variety of ruminant placentomes with a wide range of antibodies and lectins. In the Giraffe placentomes, even though the lectin histochemistry shows an even distribution of BNC throughout the trophoblast of the placental villi, the protein expression in the BNC granules is limited to the BNC either in the apex or the base of the villi. Placental lactogens and Prolactin (PRL) are present only in basally situated BNC: PAGs only in the apical BNC. PRL is only found in the Giraffe BNC which react with many fewer of the wide range of antibodies used here to investigate the uniformity of protein expression in ruminant BNC. The possible relevance of these differences to ruminant function and evolution is considered to provide a further example of the versatility of the BNC system.
Preserving Oocytes in Oncofertility
Authors: McClam Maria , Xiao Shuo
Published: January 2022

The prodigious rise of cancer survival rates enables many cancer survivors to live long lives. Therefore, the side effects of cancer treatments as well as the long-term quality of life after cancer have become more relevant. Ovarian toxicity is a major off-target effect of anticancer agents for childhood and young adult female cancer patients. Both chemotherapy and irradiation have been demonstrated to damage the ovary and increase the risks of premature ovarian failure (POF), early menopause, ovarian endocrine disorders, and sub- or infertility. Oncofertility is an emerging and multidisciplinary research and medical field that focuses on providing cancer patients with fertility preservation options. Oocyte quality and quantity are one of the most important factors to determine women’s fertility success; therefore, preserving oocytes is paramount for maintaining the ability of young female cancer patients’ reproduction after their recovery. This review summarizes peer-reviewed literature on current oocyte preservation options in oncofertility. We describe in-depth oocyte and embryo cryopreservation, ovarian suppression, ovarian tissue cryopreservation, in vitro maturation, ovarian transposition, and adjuvant therapy. Further, we discuss current guidelines and practices of female fertility preservation that cover preserving oocytes.
Lyme carditis manifesting with sinoatrial exit block: a case report
Authors: Büscher Antonius , Doldi Florian , Eckardt Lars , Müller Patrick
Published: January 2022

Background

Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in North America and Europe. Infection with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi complex can involve cardiac tissue causing Lyme carditis (LC). Due to the infection of conductive tissue, LC typically presents with varying degrees of atrioventricular conduction block. Here, we provide the first evidence that conductive tissue of the sinus node can be involved in LC resulting in higher degree sinoatrial (SA) block with concomitant syncope.

Case summary

We report the case of an otherwise healthy 31-year-old female presenting with LC manifesting with SA exit block causing asystole over 12 s with concomitant syncope. Signs of SA block completely resolved with antibiotic treatment with a third-generation cephalosporin. The patient did not require permanent pacemaker implantation and had no sinus pauses after 12 months of follow-up as confirmed via implantable loop recorder.

Conclusion

The possibility of LC in patients with sinus node dysfunction should be considered, as adequate antibiotic therapy can spare patients from potentially unnecessary pacemaker implantation.
“That Little Bit of Time”: Transition-to-Hospice Perspectives From Hospice Staff and Bereaved Family
Authors: Cross Sarah H , Ramkalawan Janel R , Ring Jackie F , Boucher Nathan A
Published: January 2022

Background and Objectives

Many patients lack understanding of hospice services and their preparation for the transition to hospice at home may be insufficient. This study explored how hospice admissions staff and caregivers of hospice patients perceive the hospice admission process and the transition to hospice at home.

Research Design and Methods

We conducted in-depth, semistructured interviews with 2 subgroups: hospice admissions staff (n = 15) and bereaved caregivers of former hospice patients (n = 20). We performed a 3-coder descriptive content analysis.

Results

There were 4 overall themes: (a) issues relating to the referring/prehospice provider, (b) issues relating to hospital discharge/care transition home, (c) issues relating to the first touch of hospice, and (d) the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on hospice admissions. Patients are often referred to hospice without clear prognostic understanding, at times placing staff in the uncomfortable position of breaking difficult news. Stigma may make patients and families fearful of enrolling in hospice, and misconceptions about hospice are common. Caregivers emphasize the need for increased attention to their emotional needs. Staff revealed the emotional challenges they experience conducting admissions. Both staff and caregivers indicate that the transition to hospice is often emotionally and logistically burdensome, especially when discharging home from the hospital. Both subgroups report insufficient caregiver preparation for taking care of a dying patient at home, particularly regarding medication management. COVID-19 created challenges yet prompted innovative changes to hospice admission processes.

Discussion and Implications

Findings demonstrate a need to improve the hospice admissions process, better supporting terminally ill patients and their families.
Multiple haplotype-based analyses provide genetic and evolutionary insights into tomato fruit weight and composition
Authors: Zhao Jiantao , Sauvage Christopher , Bitton Frédérique , Causse Mathilde
Published: January 2022

Improving fruit quality traits such as metabolic composition remains a challenge for tomato breeders. To better understand the genetic architecture of these traits and decipher the demographic history of the loci controlling tomato quality traits, we applied an innovative approach using multiple haplotype-based analyses, aiming to test the potentials of haplotype based study in association and genomic prediction studies. We performed and compared haplotype vs SNP-based associations (hapQTL) with multi-locus mixed model (MLMM), focusing on tomato fruit weight and metabolite contents (i.e. sugars, organic acids and amino acids). Using a panel of 163 tomato accessions genotyped with 5995 SNPs, we detected a total of 784 haplotype blocks, with an average size of haplotype blocks ~58 kb. A total of 108 significant associations for 26 traits were detected thanks to Haplotype/SNP-based Bayes models. Haplotype-based Bayes model (97 associations) outperformed SNP-based Bayes model (50 associations) and MLMM (53 associations) in identifying marker-trait associations as well as in genomic prediction (especially for those traits with moderate to low heritability). To decipher the demographic history, we identified 24 positive selective sweeps using the integrated haplotype score (iHS). Most of the significant associations for tomato quality traits were located within selective sweeps (54.63% and 71.7% in hapQTL and MLMM models, respectively). Promising candidate genes were identified controlling tomato fruit weight and metabolite contents. We thus demonstrated the benefits of using haplotypes for evolutionary and genetic studies, providing novel insights into tomato quality improvement and breeding history.
Significant improvement of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) transgenic plant production by pre-transformation with a Baby boom transcription factor.
Authors: Chen Jiajing , Tomes Sumathi , Gleave Andrew P , Hall Wendy , Luo Zhiwei , Xu Juan , Yao Jia-Long
Published: January 2022

BABY BOOM (BBM) is a member of the APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) family and its expression has been shown to improve herbaceous plant transformation and regeneration. However, this improvement has not been shown clearly for tree species. This study demonstrated that the efficiency of transgenic apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) plant production was dramatically increased by ectopic expression of the MdBBM1 gene. “Royal Gala” apple plants were first transformed with a CaMV35S-MdBBM1 construct (MBM) under kanamycin selection. These MBM transgenic plants exhibited enhanced shoot regeneration from leaf explants on tissue culture media, with most plants displaying a close-to-normal phenotype compared with CaMV35S-GUS transgenic plants when grown under greenhouse conditions, the exception being that some plants had slightly curly leaves. Thin leaf sections revealed the MBM plants produced more cells than the GUS plants, indicating that ectopic-expression of MdBBM1 enhanced cell division. Transcriptome analysis showed that mRNA levels for cell division activators and repressors linked to hormone (auxin, cytokinin and brassinosteroid) signalling pathways were enhanced and reduced, respectively, in the MBM plants compared with the GUS plants. Plants of eight independent MBM lines were compared with the GUS plants by re-transforming them with an herbicide-resistant gene construct. The number of transgenic plants produced per 100 leaf explants was 0–3% for the GUS plants, 3–8% for five MBM lines, and 20–30% for three MBM lines. Our results provided a solution for overcoming the barriers to transgenic plant production in apple, and possibly in other trees.
Functional characterization of the tomato HAIRPLUS gene reveals the implication of the epigenome in the control of glandular trichome formation
Authors: Fonseca Rocío , Capel Carmen , Yuste-Lisbona Fernando J , Quispe Jorge L , Gómez-Martín Cristina , Lebrón Ricardo , Hackenberg Michael , Oliver José L , Angosto Trinidad , Lozano Rafael , Capel Juan
Published: January 2022

Trichomes are specialised epidermal cells developed in the aerial surface of almost every terrestrial plant. These structures form physical barriers, which combined with their capability of synthesis of complex molecules, prevent plagues from spreading and confer trichomes a key role in the defence against herbivores. In this work, the tomato gene HAIRPLUS (HAP) that controls glandular trichome density in tomato plants was characterised. HAP belongs to a group of proteins involved in histone tail modifications although some also bind methylated DNA. HAP loss of function promotes epigenomic modifications in the tomato genome reflected in numerous differentially methylated cytosines and causes transcriptomic changes in hap mutant plants. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that HAP links epigenome remodelling with multicellular glandular trichome development and reveal that HAP is a valuable genomic tool for pest resistance in tomato breeding.
Engineering CRISPR immune systems conferring GLRaV-3 resistance in grapevine
Authors: Jiao Bolei , Hao Xinyi , Liu Zhiming , Liu Mingbo , Wang Jingyi , Liu Lin , Liu Na , Song Rui , Zhang Junxiang , Fang Yulin , Xu Yan
Published: January 2022

Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is one of the causal agents of grapevine leafroll disease (GLD), which severely impacts grapevine production in most viticultural regions of the world. The development of virus-resistant plants is a desirable strategy for the efficient control of viral diseases. However, natural resistant resources have not been reported in the genus Vitis, and anti-GLRaV-3 research has been quite limited in grapevine. In this study, by expressing FnCas9 and LshCas13a, we established a highly effective transgenic construct screening system via an optimized Agrobacterium-mediated transient delivery system in grapevine plantlets. Our study indicated that CRISPR/FnCas9 and LshCas13a caused GLRaV-3 inhibition. Moreover, three vectors—pCR01-CP, pCR11-Hsp70h and pCR11-CP—exhibited the most robust inhibition efficiency compared to those targeting other sites and could be further engineered to generate GLRaV-3-resistant grapevine. In addition, the viral interference efficiency of FnCas9 was dependent on its RNA binding activity. The efficiency of virus inhibition was positively correlated with the level of Cas gene expression. Importantly, we demonstrated that LshCas13a had better interference efficiency against viruses than FnCas9. In summary, this study confirmed that these two RNA-targeting CRISPR mechanisms can confer immunity against viruses in grapevine, providing new avenues to control GLRaV-3 or other RNA viruses in fruit crops.
Photoprotection contributes to freezing tolerance as revealed by RNA-seq profiling ofRhododendronleaves during cold acclimation and deacclimation over time.
Authors: Liu Bing , Zhao Fang-Meng , Cao Yan , Wang Xiu-Yun , Li Zheng , Shentu Yuanyue , Zhou Hong , Xia Yi-Ping
Published: January 2022

Cold acclimation (CA) and deacclimation (DA), which are often accompanied by changes in freezing tolerance (FT), carbohydrates and hormones, are crucial for winter survival, especially under global warming. Plants with weak CA and premature DA caused by warm winters and/or unseasonal warm spells can be easily injured by adverse reactions to cold. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms of FT is imperative. In this study, we used high-throughput RNA-seq to profile the CA and DA of leaves of overwintering Rhododendron “Miyo-no-Sakae” over time; these leaves do not undergo dormancy but do undergo photoprotection during CA, and they do not grow during DA. Using Mfuzz and weighted gene coexpression network analysis, we identified specific transcriptional characteristics in each phase of CA and DA and proposed networks involving coexpressed genes and physiological traits. In particular, we discovered that the circadian rhythm is critical for obtaining the strongest FT, and high expression of circadian rhythm-related genes might be linked to sugar accumulation during winter. Furthermore, evergreen leaves exhibited robust photoprotection during winter, as revealed by high values of nonphotochemical quenching, high expression of transcripts annotated as “early light-induced proteins”, loss of granum stacks and destacking of thylakoids, all of which were alleviated during DA. The strong requirement of photoprotection could be the reason for decreased abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) contents during CA, and decreases in ABA and JA contents may contribute to decreases in lignin content. Our data suggest that the molecular mechanisms of FT in overwintering leaves are unique, which may be due to the high requirements for photoprotection during winter.
Function and transcriptional regulation of CsKCS20 in the elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids and wax biosynthesis in Citrus sinensis flavedo
Authors: Wang Yang , Yang Xianpeng , Chen Zhaoxing , Zhang Jin , Si Kai , Xu Rangwei , He Yizhong , Zhu Feng , Cheng Yunjiang
Published: January 2022

Cuticular wax on plant aerial surfaces plays a vital role in the defense against various stresses, and the genes related to wax metabolism have been well documented in several model plants. However, there is very limited research on the key enzymes and transcription factors (TFs) associated with carbon chain distribution and wax biosynthesis in citrus fruit. In this study, an analysis of wax metabolites indicated that even carbon-chain (C24-C28) metabolites are the dominant wax components in citrus fruit, and a 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) family gene (CsKCS20) plays an important role in the carbon chain distribution during wax biosynthesis in a wax-deficient mutant (MT). Expression of CsKCS20 in yeast indicated that CsKCS20 can catalyze the biosynthesis of C22 and C24 very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). In addition, transcriptome and sequence analysis indicated that the differential expression of CsKCS20 between the wild-type (WT) and MT fruit can be partly attributed to the regulation of CsMYB96, which was further confirmed by yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and dual luciferase assays. The functions of CsMYB96 and CsKCS20 in wax biosynthesis were further validated by heterologous expression in Arabidopsis. In summary, this study elucidates the important roles of CsKCS20 and CsMYB96 in regulating VLCFA elongation and cuticular wax biosynthesis, which provides new directions for the improvement of citrus fruit wax quality in genetic breeding programs.