bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethics Acculturation of International Counseling Students
Authors: Li Dan , Ai Yang
Published: February 2021

Counseling ethics is a complex discipline; it is more than the acquisition of ethical principles, codes of ethics, and standards of practice. To disentangle the intricacies of ethics education, we use the acculturation model to conceptualize students’ learning of counseling ethics, particularly international students who experience acculturation in the general sense and the acculturation of ethics in the counseling profession specifically. A case study is presented to illustrate the four acculturation strategies that students may adopt in ethical decision-making. Implications for counselor education, practice, and research are provided.
Creative Practice as a Catalyst for Developing Connectedness Capabilities
Authors: Snepvangers Kim , Rourke Arianne
Published: February 2021

Focusing on a section of the Teaching International Students (TIS) project this article captures student and mentor perspectives within a Project-Based Professional Experience (PBPE) in the context of a large research-intensive university in Sydney, Australia. Animations co-produced with students were part of a Work Integrated Learning (WIL) compulsory upper-level course, leading to a ‘Community Building Framework’. The research goal shifted the educational purpose from didactic physical placements to collaborative dynamics where students, including international students, staff, and industry perspectives were ‘valued’. Prioritizing intercultural learning ‘challenged’ contested attitudes and ‘built’ communities of practice in a workforce focused ecology. Findings emerged from reflective interchanges whilst working iteratively and collaboratively with students, to inform the PBPE online framework.
The First Year Acculturation: A Longitudinal Study on Acculturative Stress and Adjustment among the First Year International College Students
Authors: Koo Katie , Baker Ian , Yoon Jiyoon
Published: February 2021

We analyzed 192 first year international college students in Mid-Atlantic region to examine change of international students’ acculturative stress, adjustment, and collegiate experiences during their first year in the U.S. higher education. We found that male students, students from low socio-economic status, and students majored in humanity showed higher rate of acculturative stress and lower rate of satisfaction with college experiences compared to their counterparts. International students reported decreased acculturative stress and homesick, and increased English proficiency, social connectedness, and satisfaction with college experiences during the last week of the first year compared to the first week of their first semester. Satisfaction with college experiences, English proficiency, social connectedness, and self-esteem were significant predictors of acculturative stress. Lastly, acculturative stress in the first week of the first year and satisfaction with college experience in the last week of the first year were on each other reciprocally over one year internal.
Empowered to Serve?
Authors: Garcia Hugo , McNaughtan Jon , Li Xinyang , Leong Mi Chelle , Herridge Andrew Scott
Published: February 2021

Some institutions have sought to centralize the supports they give students by developing a center or office dedicated to international students, led by a director or manager overseeing international student support. However, these directors are also not given the resources needed to fully support international students. Our study focuses on the role and empowerment of these international center leaders. A multi-institution case study approach, guided by the empowerment framework, was utilized. The first research question asked what perceptions international center directors have of the resources and support structures provided by their institutions for the growing international student population. The second research question examined how international center directors perceive their empowerment, and which dimensions of empowerment they experience, or lack. Findings include international center directors reporting their sense of empowerment is founded in their desire to serve, sense of autonomy, and the sense of meaning they find engaging in the work.
A “Pura Vida” Summer in Costa Rica
Authors: Allen Hailie
Published: February 2021

Upon returning to the Memphis airport on the third of July 2011, having been out of the country for a month, the thirteen other students from Arkansas State University and I were exhausted, ready to see our loved ones, and to eat anything other than rice and beans. It was a bittersweet feeling to be home. We had just completed a study abroad program in the extraordinarily beautiful country of Costa Rica.
Non-native English Students’ Linguistic and Cultural Challenges in Australia
Authors: Tananuraksakul Noparat
Published: February 2021

This paper looks into the effect of use of international English on non-native students’ dignity in Australian academic and social contexts. The study was undertaken through in-depth interviews with 28 participants from 13 countries. The results partly revealed that there was neither speech convergence nor culture convergence between non-native and native speakers. When native speakers linguistically converged towards non-native speakers, it appeared to backfire as mocking behavior. There was an expectation that host tutors, lecturers and classmates would adjust their speech to a level accommodating non-native speakers, but they did not. Failure to effectively converge linguistically and culturally led to failure in intergroup communication. The failure concomitantly affected participants’ self-worth, motivation and identity in a way that diminished their dignity and motivation, impinging on their identity.
International Students in the U.S.: Social and Psychological Adjustment
Authors: Jackson Michelle , Ray Sukanya , Bybell Danica
Published: February 2021

In this study, we examined the role of self-esteem, hope, optimism, coping, acculturative stress, and social support on international students’ depressive symptoms and sociocultural adjustment. Seventy international students completed a self-report online survey. The most notable finding was that the international students used adaptive and maladaptive coping techniques at similar rates. Greater use of coping techniques, higher acculturative stress and less social support were associated with more depressive symptoms and more difficulty with sociocultural adjustment. Lower self-esteem, less hope, and less optimism were associated with more depressive symptoms, but not sociocultural difficulty. Clinical implications and future directions are also discussed.
The Effects of Collectivism-Individualism on the Cooperative Learning of Motor Skill.
Authors: Luo Yi , Sun Yan , Strobel Johannes
Published: February 2021

This study examined how cultural background (collectivism vs. individualism) affects motor skill learning in a dyadic cooperative learning environment. The research context of this study was Nintendo™ Wii Tennis. Twenty college students from a Midwestern university participated in the study, among whom half were from an individualistic culture (USA) and the other half were from a collectivistic culture (China). In the study, the participants from these two backgrounds demonstrated different interaction levels and behavioral predispositions in the cooperative learning of motor skills. Both participants of individualistic background and of collectivistic background had made significant progress in the post-exercise as compared to the pre-exercise, which corroborated the benefits of cooperative learning on motor skill learning. Nevertheless, the progress made by the participants of individualistic background was statistically larger than that made by the participants of collectivistic background. Implications and limitations of this study are discussed.
International Students’ Likelihood to Seek Counseling while Studying Abroad
Authors: Onabule Adebayo I. , Boes Susan R.
Published: February 2021

International students experience significant stressors while studying in American colleges and universities, yet they use psychological services far less than domestic students (Misra & Castillo, 2004). Factors such as previous experience with counseling, perceived effectiveness of counseling style, and nationality were found to be factors affecting international students’ use of counseling services (Dadfar & Friedlander’s, 1982; Mori, 2000; Hyun, Quinn, Madon, & Lustig, 2007). This action research study adds to the literature by presenting suggestions about the manner in which international students may be most effectively served by their campus counseling centers, using information drawn from a focus group and a survey.
The Culture of Hospitality in Moldova and the United States
Authors: Dobrovolska Anastasiia , Holtz Rolf
Published: February 2021

This tongue-in-cheek comparison between the unplanned visit and invasion by Mongolian-Tatarian tribes signifies at least two aspects of Moldovan hospitality. First, the treatment of guests in one’s home follows a cultural norm that prescribes not only the attitude toward visitors, but also the protocol of a host’s behavior. Moldovan rules of hospitality provide hosts with guidelines for proper comportment during a visit. Second, the adage suggests that guests can expect their host to adhere to a traditional standard of hospitable conduct. This helps to eliminate the uncertainty guests might experience in someone else’s home and alerts them to the efforts their host exerts on their behalf. In the United States, hospitality is also highly valued. However, norms for a host’s conduct are likely to range widely given the many cultures that shape American society.
“He’s an idiot!” Experiences of International Students in the United States
Authors: Ee Jongyeon
Published: February 2021

Kim, a doctoral student from South Korea, went to a grocery store after being in the U.S. for only one week. When he got to a counter to pay for the items that he picked up, a clerk asked if Kim wanted cash back when he paid with his debit card. Since there was no cash back system in grocery markets in his home country, Kim did not understand right away what the clerk meant. Kim seemed to be puzzled and responded, “Yes, I want cash [back]” but changed his answer in a few seconds, “No, no, no. [I] don’t need [it].” On hearing him, the clerk whispered to another clerk:, “He’s an idiot.”
Examining the Educational Benefits of Interacting with International Students
Authors: Luo Jiali , Jamieson-Drake David
Published: February 2021

Through the analysis of alumni survey data from three graduating cohorts, this study examined the influence of interaction with international students on domestic students’ college outcomes and explored factors that helped to promote international interaction on college campuses. The findings indicate that in comparison to non-interactive domestic students, highly interactive domestic students reported significantly higher levels of development in a wide range of areas across the three cohorts. Also, the findings suggest that active engagement in college activities, such as coursework outside the major, contact with faculty outside class, ethnic or cultural clubs or organizations, and visiting speakers, was likely to promote interaction across cultures.
Faculty Advisors’ Experiences with International Graduate Students
Authors: Nguyen Huynh Mai
Published: February 2021

The current study explored the experiences of faculty advisors working with international graduate students (IGS). Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and a demographic survey and was analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding strategies. Three central categories emerged from the analysis: (a) advisors’ perceptions of IGS, (b) lessons learned by advisors, and (c) indicators of success. A model for advisors’ experiences emerged using the data gathered. Overall, advisors reported positive experiences with current and former advisees. Advisor perceptions’ of IGS were used to develop strategies and approaches that they believe enhance their experiences as well as the advisees’ experiences. At the core of the Advisor Experiences Model are variables that convey success regarding the relationship between advisors and their IGS. These variables are: (a) sustained relationships and (b) student success rates. Advisors all reported that the sustained relationship is one of the most rewarding aspects of being an advisor.
Studying Overseas: Factors Impacting Intention of Female Students in Mainland China
Authors: Zhang Yi (Leaf) , Sun Jie , Hagedorn Linda Serra
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that impact Chinese female students’ intention to study overseas. This study also aimed to understand how these factors impact female students’ decision making process. Using a survey questionnaire, data were collected from 96 female undergraduates who enrolled in a 4-year public university in North Central China fall 2010. Descriptive analyses, exploratory factor analyses, and structural equations modeling were utilized to answer the research questions. The results of the study indicated that students’ satisfaction with campus experience, English proficiency, and only child status had significant direct effects on their intention to study overseas. The results also identified parents’ education, Level of Institutional Support, Quality of Campus Relationship as significant indirect effects.
Acculturation, Internet Use, and Psychological Well-being Among Chinese International Students
Authors: Li Jia Qi , Liu Xun , Wei Tianlan , Lan William
Published: February 2021

In this study, the authors examined the relationships of acculturation as measured with two subscales of cultural maintenance and cultural assimilation, Internet use, and psychological wellbeing among Chinese international students. A total of 170 Chinese international students participated in this study. Bivariate correlation analyses revealed that an individual can identify with two different cultures, minority and dominant culture. Results of multiple regression indicated that cultural assimilation was a significant predictor to psychological well-being, but not cultural maintenance. The study also found that younger Chinese international students (e.g., students pursuing bachelor’s degrees) suffered significantly higher levels of stress and depression in the acculturation process as compared to their older counterparts. Implications for counseling and recommendations for future research were discussed.
Home Away from Home: International Students and their Identity-Based Social Networks in Australia
Authors: Gomes Catherine , Berry Marsha , Alzougool Basil , Chang Shanton
Published: February 2021

This paper explores the role of identity in helping international students form social networks at an Australian institution and how these networks contribute to creating a sense of home away. The findings suggest that international students form distinct social networks that are not necessarily solely made up of fellow students from their home countries. Rather, international students form a mixture of social networks that are based on the complex individual identities of each student centred on a variety of common factors, such as: course of study, place of work, neighbourhood, culture, religion and personal interests (hobbies). Hence many students are part of social groups that consist of international students from their specific region and beyond, as well as local (Anglo and non-Anglo) students. These locally based social networks complement existing home-based networks which are maintained virtually through social media to create a home away from home.
Challenges Facing Asian International Graduate Students in the US: Pedagogical Considerations in Higher Education
Authors: Lin Shu-Yuan , Scherz Susan Day
Published: February 2021

Non-Native English Speaking (NNES) international students attending colleges and universities in the United States often encounter difficulties in adjusting to their new cultural environment. In addition, they often struggle with academic language while learning the content and conceptual structures of various graduate level disciplines. This phenomenological study identified cultural and linguistic challenges experienced by NNES Asian international graduate students at a mediumsized rural university in the northwestern United States. A pedagogical framework and recommendations for professional practice address the linguistic, cultural, and academic needs of this particular student population in higher education.
Are International Undergraduates Struggling Academically?
Authors: Fass-Holmes Barry , Vaughn Allison A.
Published: February 2021

Are international undergraduates struggling academically, and are their struggles due to weaknesses in English as a second language? The present study showed that 1) at most 10% of these students in three cohorts (ranging in size from N=322 to N=695) at an American west coast public university struggled (quarterly grade point averages below C) in their university classes; 2) up to 63% of them struggled with English (they were required to take a local community college’s English Composition and/or English as a Second Language classes, and up to 42% earned course grades of D or F in those classes); and 3) predictors shown to be statistically significant by hierarchical linear modeling each accounted for less than 5% of the total variance (“small” effect sizes). These findings suggest that only a minority of this university’s international undergraduates struggle in their university classes even though a majority of them struggle with English.
Ensuring Rights: Improving Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services for Female International Students in Australia
Authors: Poljski Carolyn , Quiazon Regina , Tran Chau
Published: February 2021

Drawing on the research and advocacy work being conducted by the Multicultural Centre for Women’s Health (MCWH), a national community-based organization in Victoria, Australia, the paper analyzes female international students’ experiences with accessing sexual and reproductive health information and services. Accessibility of sexual and reproductive health services is one of a number of areas identified by MCWH in which international students experience unequal treatment. The limitations of international students’ mandatory health insurance is of particular concern because it appears to conflict with Australia’s human rights obligations to take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination and to ensure appropriate services in connection with pregnancy. Given the social, cultural and economic benefits international students bring to the country in which they choose to study, state action on equitable health access for international students is urgently called for.
The Global Neighborhood: Programming Initiatives with International Living-Learning Communities
Authors: McClanahan Sarah
Published: February 2021

The United States is currently enrolling more international students than any other country in the world. In 2011, approximately 764,000 international students were enrolled in higher education in the U.S., comprising 19% of the world’s total students studying internationally (Institute of International Education, 2012). This rise, as well as the rapid globalization occurring within the United States, has brought about a need for students and staff in higher education to be equipped to communicate cross-culturally and have an understanding of global issues. International living-learning communities (I-LLCs) are a way for universities to provide opportunities for domestic students and international students to live together and gain global knowledge through first-hand experiences and programs directed at international issues. While I-LLCs are not necessarily common across the U.S., many institutions are in the process of creating such programs in order to expand the global focus of their institutions.
International Students’ Experience of Studying and Working at a Northeastern Public University in the US
Authors: Kwadzo Moses
Published: February 2021

This study explores international students’ experiences with studying and working at a North Eastern public university. Through phenomenological research approach that utilized face-to-face interview and photo-elicitation techniques, the personal experiences of twenty international students were captured. The findings of this study indicated that these students benefited from the responsibilities that resulted from their dual role as both students and employees in many ways. However, they also suffered from emotional and physical stress which resulted in tiredness, lack of sleep, role conflict, homesickness and frustration. Interestingly, these students effectively employed different coping mechanisms including finding social support, and participating in leisure and nonleisure activities to off-set the negative effects of studying and working concurrently.
East Asian International Students and Psychological Well-Being: A Systematic Review
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Wang Yanlin , Xiao Feiya
Published: February 2021

The present article reports a systematic review of the studies related to psychological well-being among East Asian international students. A total of 18 quantitative studies published in peer-reviewed journals from 2000 to 2011 were reviewed. Our review revealed three major results: (1) a majority of researchers (n=13, 72.2%) tend to choose Chinese international students as a representative of East Asian and Asian international students in their studies; (2) studies on psychological well-being of East Asian international students are closely associated with the following variables: length of stay in host country, English proficiency, attitudes toward seeking help, depression, and acculturation; (3) depression was the most frequently reported variable (n=6,33.3%), followed by acculturation (n=5, 27.8%). Recommendations for further research in psychological well-being were provided.
The Value of International Experiences for Business Students: Measuring Business Student Attitudes toward Study Abroad
Authors: Heffron Sean , Maresco Peter A.
Published: February 2021

The value of an international experience—especially for students of business—continues to be an area of focus at colleges and universities. Students across all disciplines within the business curriculum: accounting, economics, finance, management, marketing, or sport management are expected by employers to possess knowledge of, and appreciation for, other cultures. Using as a backdrop two unique study abroad programs that immerse students into an intercultural business experience and have them interacting with—and learning from—the local residents as well, the survey research in this study measures student attitudes before and after they study abroad and it notes the changes that students report in their personal and professional knowledge, skills, and abilities. The findings of this research can reshape the way in which colleges and universities market these important international experiences.
International Students’ Enhanced Academic Performance: Effects of Campus Resources
Authors: Banjong Delphine N.
Published: February 2021

This article investigates international students’ challenges, such as financial, English proficiency, loneliness/homesickness in the United States. In addition, it assesses how these students coped with such difficulties by making use of resources on campus, such as an international center, writing center, counseling center, and the student success center. Based on 344 responses, the results indicated that international students with language difficulties sought help from the writing and student success centers while those who reported financial stress and loneliness had visited the counseling center.
Improving Intercultural Education at Chinese Institutions from German Experience
Authors: Huang Lihe
Published: February 2021

While flying on an airplane to Germany, heading to my new appointment as a visiting scholar, I reminded myself that there would likely be some cultural differences upon embarking on this new journey. But after I began my sojourn there, I still found myself surprised by the cultural shock I was experiencing. I had taken for granted that my English education and some reading on German culture and society could provide me adequate knowledge to get along with these “Westerners”.
International Students in Western Developed Countries: History, Challenges, and Prospects
Authors: Akanwa Emmanuel E.
Published: February 2021

Many scholars have described the various challenges international students face in Western developed countries including the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Some of the challenges include differences in culture, language barriers, adjustment problems, medical concerns, pedagogical challenges, housing issues, lack of support services, and financial difficulty. This paper explores some challenges of international students and implicates the need for host universities to provide more resources and support services towards meeting international students’ academic and social needs. Aside from exploring the challenges, conflicts, and contradictions to the international student experience, and their implications to academic performance, the paper presents recommendations and suggestions to host universities on how to meet international students’ varying academic and social needs.
Coming to America: Assessing the Patterns of Acculturation, Friendship Formation, and the Academic Experiences of International Students at a U.S. College
Authors: Leong Pamela
Published: February 2021

Using interview data from 11 international students, this paper compares international students’ experiences at a single American university, and the acculturation issues that they encountered. The students assessed their experiences at the university, both positive and negative, and discussed their perceptions of American ways of doing things. The findings suggest that, when compared to students from other countries, students from China face considerable more difficulties both academically and socially, given the formidable language and cultural barriers. These challenges remain regardless of whether the students self-segregate with co-nationals or associate primarily with Americans. While individual-level factors (e.g., language fluency and coping ability) affect the international students’ lived experiences and perceived satisfaction level while studying in the United States, this paper argues that environmental factors (e.g., the culture and reception of the host society) may be more important in shaping the experiences of international students, whether for better or worse.
Building Vocabulary for Language Learning: Approach for ESL Learners to Study New Vocabulary
Authors: Alharbi Adel M.
Published: February 2021

This project investigated Vocabulary Learning Strategies (VLSs) English Language Learners used; and strategies they thought were effective to them in terms of language proficiency. Using an online survey, 121 participants responded to statements regarding their usage of VLSs. Participants have been divided into two groups: (1) learners with low English proficiency level and (2) learners with high English proficiency level to measure the significance between them in response to the VLS questionnaire. The analysis measured five sets of vocabulary knowledge: building synonyms network, learning definition(s) with contexts, pronunciation process, bookmark word search, and remembering strategy for writing. This project determined that the group with high language proficiency agreed more on the items selected than those with low language proficiency.
International and American Students' Perceptions of Informal English Conversations
Authors: Lee Eun Jeong (Esther)
Published: February 2021

This study investigated international and American students’ perceptions of structured but informal English conversations with each other. American and international students perceived the effects of these conversations differently. While the international students claimed increased linguistic and cultural competence, the Americans identified cultural exchange as the main benefit: they shared their own cultures and experiences and learned more about their conversation partners’ home countries. Both sets of participants associated these benefits with a non-threatening and non-judgmental atmosphere and emphasized the importance of comfort and friendship. Understanding these expectations and assessments can help ESL program administrators design effective informal conversation programs, and help identify opportunities for ESL improvement outside of formal coursework.
First Year Experience: How We Can Better Assist First-Year International Students in Higher Education
Authors: Yan Zi , Sendall Patricia
Published: February 2021

While many American colleges and universities are providing a First Year Experience (FYE) course or program for their first year students, those programs are not often customized to take into account international students’ (IS) unique challenges. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, this study evaluated a FYE course that was customized for IS in a college setting. Nineteen IS and eight domestic students (DS) who attended FYE classes completed a survey; 18 of the 19 IS were interviewed. Overall, the FYE class was successful in terms of helping IS to familiarize themselves with academic resources and expectations, understanding American culture, making more American friends, and improving their English language skills. Suggestions for future integration of IS into FYE programs are discussed.
How Do We Get People to Interact? International Students and the American Experience
Authors: Geary Danielle
Published: February 2021

American colleges and universities consider diversity a way to foster personal growth and a healthy society, challenge stereotypes, encourage critical thinking, and help students communicate and feel comfortable with people they may perceive to be different. Quality interaction that has the potential to grow into authentic relationships between Americans and international students may be the bridge to affecting these outcomes, but how do we get people to interact? In this article, based on research as well as her own experience as an international student, the author explores some of the challenges international students face and suggests ideas for sparking interaction between international students and Americans.
Assessing Domestic vs. International Student Perceptions and Attitudes of Plagiarism
Authors: Doss Daniel Adrian , Henley Russ , Gokaraju Balakrishna , McElreath David , Lackey Hilliard , Hong Qiuqi , Miller Lauren
Published: February 2021

The authors examined students’ perceptions of plagiarism from a higher education teaching institution within the U.S. southeast. This study employed a five-point Likert-scale to examine differences of perceptions between domestic versus international students. Statistically significant outcomes were observed regarding the notions that plagiarism is a necessary evil and that plagiarism is illegal. Respectively, the analyses of the means showed that respondents tended toward disagreement concerning the former notion and neutrality regarding the latter notion.
International Student Expectations: Career Opportunities and Employability
Authors: Nilsson Per A. , Ripmeester Nannette
Published: February 2021

Are mobile students expecting an international experience to have an impact on their career? This was one of the questions in a global survey, with over 150,000 respondents. The survey results showed that the transition from education to the world of work is of increasing importance for students. How to find a job upon graduation is apparently a big concern for current-day students, which dictates their international educational choices to a large extent. Moreover, are there differences between Europe and the rest of the world when it comes to student’s expectations of employability? This study found that opportunities for work upon graduation and earning money when studying matter more for non-European students.
Communication Education and International Audiences: Reflections on Instructional Challenges and Pedagogical Strategy
Authors: Campbell Heather , Strawser Michael G. , George Stephen
Published: February 2021

As the movement toward international education continues, institutions must be proficient when reaching and teaching international students. Instructors should engage unique learning styles, address individual student needs, and take part in additional training to effectively teach international student learners. These instructional imperatives are especially important in communication related classes, like public speaking or composition. Throughout this reflection we briefly address the current landscape of the globalized western classroom and discuss current pedagogical challenges in communication courses from the perspective of communication instructors.
International Students and Crime
Authors: Chennamsetti Prashanti
Published: February 2021

Knowledge about crime promotes awareness about the existence of a problem and aids in designing appropriate preventive strategies to tackle the problem. The authors promote this awareness throughout their book International Students and Crime, which investigates the phenomenon of international student crime using qualitative methodology. The authors compare data from the US, UK and Australia, and present 150 international student experiences along with opinions of industry professionals.
Country Image and the Study Abroad Destination Choice of Students from Mainland China
Authors: Ghazarian Peter G.
Published: February 2021

In this study, the author focuses on the issue of country image in destination choice. To examine the relationship between these two variables, the study tests whether mainland Chinese who favor a destination as their ideal first choice for study abroad have a significantly more positive view of that destination's country image than their compatriots. The findings suggest policymakers and marketers from most destinations may be more successful focusing on factors other than country image in their attempts to attract cross-border students.
Comparing International and American Students’ Challenges: A Literature Review
Authors: Perry Cody J.
Published: February 2021

International student numbers have increased drastically in the past few years. International students provide benefits to universities and American students such as greater revenue, and more open-mindedness. There have been myriad studies that have examined the international student experience, but most have focused solely on international students. However, a careful examination of the current literature demonstrates that the presence of international students in the United States offers a variety of benefits to American students by improving cultural awareness, students’ self-evaluated skills, and even the American economy. This literature review highlights future research that should be performed as well as strategies that can be implemented by faculty and administration to help international students who are currently studying in the United States.
Factors Influencing Chinese Students’ Decisions to Study in the United States
Authors: Austin Larry , Shen Libi
Published: February 2021

The central research question was: Why do Chinese students want to study in the United States? The participants were 20 Chinese students who studied in the U.S. Ten interview questions were used and data were processed in NVivo 10. Five major themes emerged from this study: (a) American culture benefits foreign perceptions of education in the U.S.; (b) increased personal wealth increases demands for educational freedom; (c) Chinese test performance does not indicate education quality; (d) Chinese culture clashes with students’ desire for self-actualization; and (e) an education in the U.S. is considered an immigration stepping stone.
Examining Culture's Impact on the Learning Behaviors of International Students from Confucius Culture Studying in Western Online Learning Context
Authors: Kang Haijun , Chang Bo
Published: February 2021

There is a lack of shared understanding of how culture impacts learning in online environment. Utilizing document analysis, the authors in this research study culture’s impact on the learning behaviors of student sojourners from Confucius culture studying in Western online learning context. The shared understandings of Confucius culture and Western culture are compared, contrasted, and synthesized through Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory. The learning behaviors of student sojourners from Confucius culture are examined from the following three dimensions: teacher-student relationship, curriculum development, and teaching and learning pedagogy. Practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Issues of International Students’ Academic Adaptation in the ESL Writing Class: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Park Eunjeong
Published: February 2021

Despite the contribution to economic and social impact on the institutions in the United States, international students’ academic adaptation has been always challenging. The study investigated international graduate students’ academic adaptation scales via a survey questionnaire and explored how international students are academically adapted in the U.S. college setting through qualitative research with class observations, field notes, and semistructured interviews. In addition, the use of lexical bundles was examined as one of the academic literacy adaptation indicators. The quantitative and qualitative results revealed international graduate students’ academic adaptation in different angles. The implications of the findings are discussed.
How Tinto’s Theory Differs for Asian and Non-Asian International Students: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Kommers Suzan , Pham Duy
Published: February 2021

Literature suggests that international students from Asian countries might differ in the way they can be supported in their efforts towards completing their degree. Using the 2004/09 Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study, the authors investigate how social and academic integration relate to the college persistence of Asian and non-Asian international undergraduate students at U.S. postsecondary institutions. Four logistic regression models revealed that Asian and non-Asian students differed in the way academic and social integration were related to persistence, depending on their year of undergraduate study. These findings signal the importance of year of study and cultural background in thinking about how to support student degree completion.
Exploring Sense of Belonging among Black International Students at an HBCU
Authors: George Mwangi Chrystal A.
Published: February 2021

This study elucidates the experiences of HBCU (historically Black colleges and universities) students who are racially Black, but differ in nativity and nationality from their Black American peers. The purpose is to examine Black HBCU international students’ sense of belonging on campus. This study engages qualitative individual interviews with ten Black international HBCU students and utilizes the constant comparative analytic process. Findings revealed Black international HBCU students’ perceptions of race and nativity shape their university experiences as they sought to maintain national identity while adjusting to the HBCU environment and engaging in cross-cultural interactions with Black Americans. Recommendations include embracing a heterogeneous perspective when developing services, programs, and research studies related to the experiences of Black students.
The Plagiarism Polyconundrum
Authors: Bethany Reine D.
Published: February 2021

Plagiarism hinders student success because it shortcuts genuine writing practice and incurs penalties when discovered. Although students are aware of its potential consequences, plagiarism continues. This article reflects on the polyconundrum of empathizing with the many hindrances to student writing while deploying strategies to reduce plagiarism and improve academic essay skills.
Working with International Students in the U.S. and Beyond: A Summary of Survey Research by NCDA International Student Services Committee
Authors: Balin Elif , Anderson Nicole M. , Chudasama Satomi Y. , Kanagasingam Sutha K. , Zhang Lily
Published: February 2021

The career development process is one of the most important aspects of the international student experience. Providing comprehensive and culturally competent services requires institutional efforts that utilize best practices developmentally throughout the college experience and beyond. This article is based on the work of the International Student Services Committee of the National Career Development Association, especially the surveys conducted with international students, career development professional and employers. The authors focus on three major themes from the surveys: knowledge about work authorization options, impact of cultural differences on job search, and specialized career services for international students. Discussing these major themes, the authors report on best practices and future implications for supporting international student career development in the U.S. and beyond.
International Student Engagement: Strategies for Creating Inclusive, Connected, and Purposeful Campus Environments
Authors: Barnett III Clyde
Published: February 2021

International Student Engagement: Strategies for Creating Inclusive, Connected, and Purposeful Campus Environments is an in-depth analysis of seven colleges and universities across the United States, examining unique programs and activities for international students that foster belonging and connectedness on campus. This book provides a snapshot into the ways institutions effectively engage with international students. The authors examine the effectiveness of programs and policies intended to assist international students through research findings and by examining first-hand student experiences. For higher education/student affairs professionals, this book is an excellent resource to help move higher education institutions forward and into a space that promotes inclusivity.
College Experiences and Outcomes Among International Undergraduate Students at Research Universities in the United States: A Comparison to Their Domestic Peers
Authors: Kim Young K. , Collins Christopher S. , Rennick Liz A. , Edens David
Published: February 2021

Using a large dataset from a state education system, this study examined the experience of international college students in the United States as well as the connection to their cognitive, affective, and civic outcomes. The study utilized data from the 2010 University of California Undergraduate Experience Survey (UCUES) and a sample of 35,146 junior and senior undergraduate students across 10 campuses. The results of this study showed that international students may uniquely experience college and may not benefit from those experiences as much as their domestic peers. Furthermore, this study identified a broad range of college experiences that contribute to the key outcomes for international students. The study discusses the theoretical and practical implications of the findings
The Relationship Between Second Language Anxiety and International Nursing Students Stress
Authors: Khawaj Nigar G , Chan Sabrina , Stein Georgia
Published: February 2021

We examined the relationship between second language anxiety and international nursing student stress after taking into account the demographic, cognitive, and acculturative factors. International nursing students (N=152) completed an online questionnaire battery. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that spoken second language anxiety and the acculturative factors of marginalization and separation were significantly related to academic-related and placement-related stress in international nursing students. The results suggest that international nursing students, along with the pressures of their course, encounter second language anxiety particularly with reference to its spoken aspect. Subsequently, interventions aimed at building resilience in international nursing students should include coping and management of second language issues.
Instructional Practices Facilitating Cross-National Interactions in the Undergraduate Classroom
Authors: Yefanova Diana N. , Montgomery Mary Lynn , Woodruff Gayle A. , Johnstone Christopher J. , Kappler Barbara
Published: February 2021

We examine pedagogical practices that facilitate international and domestic students’ interactions on two campuses of a U.S. public university. Findings highlight the central role of the instructor in supporting student interactions via pair and group work and collaborative assignments that result in increased understanding of class content. The study highlights the need to intentionally address learning outcomes of cross-national interactions, such as communicative and intercultural skills, as students did not always view the benefits of such interactions in the same way as their instructors did.
Supporting Chinese Undergraduate Students in Transition at U.S. Colleges and Universities
Authors: Montgomery Kerrie A.
Published: February 2021

The Chinese undergraduate student population currently represents 12.8% of all international students enrolled in the United States (Institute for International Education, 2015a).  In an effort to understand the experiences of this population in their first year of college in the United States, a phenomenological study was conducted using a conceptual framework comprising Schlossberg’s Transition Model (Schlossberg, Waters, & Goodman, 1995) and the Culturally Engaging Campus Environments (CECE) Model (Museus, 2014). Three transition types were identified – academic, social/personal, and linguistic – and participants’ preparation, sources of institutional support, and coping strategies for moving through these transitions were examined. Recommendations for practice include: multi-faceted, mandatory orientation programs; ongoing workshops and resources beyond orientation; and improvements to housing and residential life opportunities and experiences.
Exploring the Influence of Student Affairs on Adjustment and Adaptation for Indonesian Graduate Students
Authors: Nguyen David J. , Larson Jay B.
Published: February 2021

This qualitative study explored the influence of student affairs on academic adjustment and adaptation for 10 Indonesian graduate students at a single campus. Semi-structured interviews explored student affairs’ role in adaptation and transition to collegiate life in the United States. Analyses illuminated ways in which participants experienced disequilibrium attending U.S. institutions arising from pre-arrival constructed images of college life in the United States. Student affairs functional areas disrupted these stereotypes for students and devised strategies for Indonesian students to feel more welcomed and included. Study participants described the importance of culturally-relevant student organizations, inclusive environments, and religiously affiliated centers in their adjustment. The article concludes with practical implications for student affairs professionals and higher education institutions.