bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experts' views on the implementation of the prenatal screening decision aid in Iran: A qualitative study
Authors: Zahedi Razieh , Nemati-Anaraki Leila , Sedghi Shahram , Shariat Mamak
Published: October 2021

Background & Aim: Patient decision aids are detailed and personalized health education materials that assist patients in decision making. According to expert viewpoints, this study aimed to determine important factors in implementing the prenatal screening decision aid in Iran.
Methods & Materials: In this qualitative study, 24 experts, including seven obstetricians, four information scientists, five managers or policymakers, and eight midwives, were selected using purposive and snowball sampling approaches. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the data between January 2020 and June 2020 in Tehran, Iran. A prenatal screening decision aid was presented to the participants, and we asked them to raise their concerns and thoughts regarding the factors influencing the implementation of patient decision aids. We used MAXQDA 10 and applied conventional content analysis for data analysis.
Results: Two organizational and personal factors themes were identified to implement Iran's prenatal screening decision aids.
Conclusion: We identified the viewpoints of experts regarding major factors in patient decision aids implementation for prenatal screening. Before implementing prenatal screening decision aids in Iran, it would be helpful to consider these organizational and personal factors. Prenatal screening decision aids can provide better information for pregnant women and strengthen their decision-making ability.
Effect of Hydroalcholic Extract of Allium noeanum Reut. ex Regel on Ethylene Glycol- Induced Kidney Stone in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Goudarzi Mehrdad , Eskandari Mehrabadi Maryam , Salemi Zahra , Amri Jamal , Noori Mitra , Rahbari Ali , Alizadeh Amirhossein , Soltani Atefeh , Panahi Mitra , Eskandari Mehrabadi Farshad
Published: October 2021

We want to evaluate the effect of Allium noeanum Reut. ex Regel (Bonsor) known (traditional medicine agent) in calcium oxalate stones in kidney. 36 male rats were divided into 6 groups. I: healthy model + water, II: negative model + 1% ethylene glycol in water, III: 750 mg/kg of total extract +1% of ethylene glycol in water(Prevention), IV: 250 mg/kg flavonoid extract +1% of ethylene glycol in water (Prevention), V: 1500 mg/kg of total extract from 15th day+ 1% of ethylene glycol in water (Treatment), VI: 500 mg/kg of flavonoid extract from 15th of the study + 1% of ethylene glycol in water (Treatment).24-hour urine and blood samples were collected in 30th day for analysis. Pathology of kidneys was checked. Serum urea, uric acid, creatinine and urine calcium and oxalate were significantly increased, urine citrate was decreased in group II Vs I. (P < .05). Extract administration significantly decreased serum creatinine, urea and uric acid. Urine calcium and oxalate significantly decreased in treated groups. Urine calcium levels were significantly decreased in treated rats, but urine citrate levels were increased Vs group II. (P < .05). No crystal accumulation and tubular cast were observed in prevention groups. Hydroalcholic extract of Allium noeanum was able to reduce urine oxalate.
COVID-19 Telephone Consultation by Iranian Traditional Medicine as an Integrative medicine: Benefits and Challenges
Authors: Taghavi Shirazi Maryam , Karimi Mehrdad , Fattahi Masoom Seyed Mahmood , Mardi Raefeh , Kamyabnezhad Mohammad Mohsen , Eghbalian Fatemeh
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 disease started in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and spread across the world, including the Islamic Republic of Iran. Due to the high prevalence of this disease, it resulted in worry in many people and has led to several unnecessary visits to medical centers which may have increased the risk of infection. Preventive measures are necessary to control outbreaks and decrease disease burdens. Telemedicine such as telephone consultation is an efficient and safe platform to control disease in times of infectious epidemics by reducing the communication between people and the presence of non-infected people in medical centers. Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) as integrated medicine, is a collection of scientific principles and methods for the prevention and treatment of disease. The Nobaan’s telephone consultation system was set up by ITM specialists to provide consultations for COVID-19. A total of 43 ITM physicians have been consulting health seekers every day from 6:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. based on national guidelines for COVID-19 and a specialized guide from academic resources of ITM. From 18 March to 17 April 2020, the doctors received a total of 2778 calls and provided a total of 11221 minutes of consultation. In total, 50% of physicians answered more than 90% of the calls and the average length of each call was 4.5 minutes. Finally, it seems except few limitations compared with face to face patient visit, this newly consultation by ITM specialist may provide considerable help to prevent and manage COVID-19 outbreak in Iran.
The Effect of Oxymel Syrup on Some Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese People: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study
Authors: Mahdavi Roshan Marjan , Salari Arsalan , Emaminejad Sogol , Parvinroo Shirin , Ashouri Asieh , Alizadeh Iman
Published: October 2021

High blood pressure, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and obesity are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. With regard to the significant role of a healthy diet in the prevention and even treatment of diseases together with the high cost and side effects of drugs, finding foods effective in the treatment of metabolic disorders has been widely considered. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oxymel – an Iranian traditional syrup with vinegar base – on cardiovascular risk indicators in obese and overweight people. Candidates were selected based on a set of inclusion criteria and were divided into two groups of control and test. The control group received 250 cc of water, while the test group received 250 cc water containing 30 cc of the oxymel for 30 days. Anthropometric and biochemical indicators were measured at the beginning and end of the study. The results showed that there were no significant changes in the body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist to hip ratio, HDL, LDL, Triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and blood glucose level. However, weight (P = 0.053) and cholesterol (P = 0.083) decreased relatively significantly in the test group compared to the control group. This study shows that consumption of oxymel has positive cardiovascular effects such as lowering the blood cholesterol level and can contribute to weight loss; however, studies with a larger sample size are recommended.
Evaluation of Therapeutic Efficacy of Stigma and Petal Extracts of Crocus sativus L. on Acetic Acid-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats
Authors: Mohammadifard Mahtab , Javdani Hossein , Khalili-Tanha Ghazaleh , Farahi Ali , Foadoddini Mohsen , Hosseini Mehran
Published: October 2021

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) has long been considered a medicinal plant in Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) due to its therapeutic properties. Despite this interest, its effects on gastrointestinal disorders have not been completely taken into consideration. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the pharmacological activity of ethanolic extracts of saffron stigma (SS) and saffron petal (SP) in acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats. The gastric ulcer model was imitated by the serosal application of acetic acid in male Wistar rats. Then, the animals were orally fed with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of ethanolic extracts of SS or SP, omeprazole (40 mg/kg), or saline for 12 days. The macroscopic and microscopic appearances of gastric ulcers and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in gastric tissues were assessed. The highest anti-ulcer activity was observed in the omeprazole-treated animals with the lowest ulcer size (4.29 ± 1.78 mm2). SS could not reduce gastric ulcer size in rats. Compared to the untreated rats, SP treatment significantly decreased ulcer indices in a dose-dependent manner. The gastric levels of PGE2, VEGF, and MDA were significantly elevated in the untreated animals with gastric ulcers compared to rats in the control group. The SS extract suppressed the elevated PGE2 and VEGF levels at both doses, while SP did not have a significant influence. Both SS and SP treatments significantly ameliorated MDA levels in rats with gastric ulcers. Omeprazole treatment enhanced the PGE2 level and suppressed MDA contents, but it did not influence the VEGF level. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that the saffron stigma has no significant effects on the gastric ulcer healing process, while its petals accelerate the process. This discrepancy can be attributed to the difference in the main secondary metabolites between saffron stigma and petals.
The Current Understanding of the Clinical Condition Bahaq (Pityriasis Versicolor) – Hypothesis and A Review of Evidences
Authors: Abdullah Ismail Bhoraniya , Fatima Syeda Hajra , Nawab Mohammad
Published: October 2021

Bahaq is a commonly encountered clinical condition of the skin. It is characterized by the presence of hypopigmented or hyperpigmented or erythematous macule which appears on the neck, chest, shoulder and arms. In classical literature, bahaq and its subtype bahaq abyad and bahaq aswad have been described. In a recent development, these Unani terminologies (bahaq abyad and bahaq aswad) have been correlated with the terminologies used in modern medicine for similar clinical presentation by the competent authority in India. The equivalent terms assigned for bahaq abyad as pityriasis alba and bahaq aswad as pityriasis nigra do not seem to be suitable. They lead to misdiagnosis and treatment failure. In this article, we have reviewed evidences from the literature to have current understanding of the clinical conditions bahaq abyad and bahaq aswad. The literature review showed that these two dermatological clinical conditions have an individual identity. They differ from each other in terms of clinical presentation, demographic characteristics, pathogenesis and treatment. Moreover, we have presented one case report of bahaq abyad and bahaq aswad each to have an understanding of its demographic characteristics, risk factors, clinical features and clinical course of the disease. We have diagnosed these cases as per descriptions mentioned in the classical literature and tried to correlate to the equivalent terms representing a similar clinical presentation in modern medicine. After a review of evidence, we hypothesize the most suitable equivalent terms for the clinical conditions bahaq abyad and bahaq aswad as pityriasis versicolor instead of bahaq abyad as pityriasis alba and bahaq aswad as pityriasis nigra. This research article may guide the Unani physicians in clinical practice for proper diagnosis, therapeutic approach, drugs selection and treatment of bahaq and its subtypes.
Scientific Life of Hakim Mohammed Azam Khan Rampuri Chashti; Custodian of Indo-Iranian Medicine During the 19th Century Changes of Indian Subcontinent
Authors: Afsharipur Hoorieh , Pakbaz Somayyeh , Shahriari Mahdi , Golshani Seyyed Alireza , Salehi Alireza
Published: October 2021

Indo-Iranian medicine dates back to a couple of centuries ago. The Gurkanies’ movement from Iran and Transoxiana to India introduced the Persian language to India, and the scientific language changed from Arabic and Sanskrit to this language. Iranian medicine has had a remarkable influence on the Indian Subcontinent, a sign of which is the elevated medical literature written in this language. Hakim Mohammad Azam Khan was born in 1813 AD.  His ancestors were great sages of Khorasan (in north east of Iran) and then migrated to Afghanistan and India. Since he lived in the late 19th AD century, he had access to many Iranian traditional books. He provided rich sources of traditional medicine for the next generation by publishing traditional medicine books and traditional pharmacology. He wrote great books such as the Exir Azam (a comprehensive medical encyclopedia), Romouz Azam (a general book on medicine), Qarabadin Azam (Pharmacopeia). With his profound 19th century orientalist approach that emphasized safeguarding the Persian language, he created numerous works in the field of medicine, making him the most serious custodian of Indo-Iranian medicine in India. The present study reviews the scientific life of a contemporary famous author of Indo-Iranian medical literature written in Persian Language.
“Rehospitalization Prognostic Factors In Patients with Heart Failure”
Authors: Ahmed Helal , Chowdhury Mahmud , Saha Lira
Published: October 2021

Introduction: The prognosis of chronic heart failure (CHF) is determined by the complex relationship of neurohormonal, mechanical and polyorgan pathological changes emerging in the course and progression of the disease.

Objective:  To assess the risk and rate of rehospitalisation due to decompensation of chronic heart failure (CHF) in relation to certain biologic, clinical and instrumental characteristics.

Material and Methods: This study conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Community Based Medical College & Hospital, Bangladesh. Prospective study on 228 consecutive CHF patients. The follow-up period was 12 to 24 months. The primary endpoint was rehospitalization due to HF decompensation. The risk values were calculated using the Cox regression models.  

Results: Median survival time was 8 months. The total number of rehospitalizations was 86 (37.7%).  Rehospitalization risk values were insignificantly lower in women (HR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.1, р >0.05) and higher in older age groups (HR 1.4 95% CI 0.8-2.2, р>0.05). Univariate regression analysis showed a higher rehospitalization risk in patients with survived myocardial infarction, clinical signs of CHF, high functional class and pulmonary pressure. Multivariate regression analyses revealed the leading role of functional class on rehospitalization risk.  

Conclusion: rehospitalization rates due to decompensation of CHF are high. Age and gender are insignificant predictors for rehospitalization in our study. Functional class is the prognostic factor with an independent effect on rehospitalization risk over the defined follow-up period among the examined group of patients.
Incisional abdominal hernias, some consideration about it.
Authors: Çobani Dritan , Dogjani Agron , Gjata Arben , Haxhirexha Kastriot , Çeliku Etmont , Kolani Henri , Kaçi Myzafer
Published: October 2021

Background: Abdominal incision hernia is a common complication of abdominal surgery. Despite significant improvements in medical technology and healthcare, an increasing number of patients are also benefiting from complex surgical procedures. The objective of this study was to analyze the risk factors for incisional abdominal hernias and to identify measures that could reduce the incidence of this complication.

Material and methods: All patients included in the study are from the University Hospital of Trauma for a period of 3 years, from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017.

Eighty-seven adult patients who underwent surgical repair of incisional abdominal wall hernia were enrolled.

Variables that are compared in this study include the type of suture material, type of suture technique and concomitant diseases .etc.

Results: According to our study the risk factors for incisional hernia are related to patients and the abdominal surgery used, the size of the abdominal wall defects.

Conclusions: Risk factors such as the size of the defect, wound infection, obesity, use of steroids and chronic constipation have great importance and have to be strictly evaluated as they have more chances to lead to a possible recurrence…
Gamificação no ensino de ciências da natureza: articulando a metodologia ativa em sequências didáticas no ensino fundamental através do PIBID
Authors: Barreto Marcelo Alves , Cunha Fernando Icaro Jorge , Soares Cristiane Barbosa , Dinardi Ailton Jesus , Machado Michel Mansur
Published: October 2021

O presente trabalho completo é um estudo de caso que busca evidenciar a importância da metodologia ativa de gamificação para o ensino de ciências da natureza. O universo dos jogos e das mídias digitais é muito presente na vida dos estudantes que compõem o ensino fundamental. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a eficiência da gamificação como ferramenta de ensino-aprendizagem. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, foi realizado um processo de intervenção, embasado em delineamento qualitativo na metodologia ativa de gamificação, com um grupo de bolsistas do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID), programa que visa articular a educação básica com o ensino superior, inserindo licenciandos em escolas públicas localizadas em áreas periféricas. Sendo assim, os bolsistas utilizaram os fundamentos dessa formação para gamificar três (3) sequências didáticas, que anteriormente foram aplicadas de modo convencional. O rendimento das sequências didáticas gamificadas apontaram a necessidade de intensificar constantemente a prática docente com a utilização das metodologias ativas, pois garantem que o ensino seja um processo mais dinâmico e a relação professor/aluno seja uma consequência de positividade para ambas as partes no resultado da aprendizagem significativa.
Epidemiology and Outcome in Electrical Burn Injury: Retrospective Study of 282 Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Pankaj , Khurram Mohd. Fahud , Patil Tushar B , Mokhale Kunal , Sharma Girish
Published: October 2021

Electrical burns account for a small percentage of all burn injuries. However, in burn patients, they are a major source of disability. They put socioeconomic burden on the society. This is a retrospective epidemiological study of 282 electrical burn patients admitted in burn unit of a tertiary care hospital of North India. Majority of the electrical burn was due to accidental touching of uncovered wires and occupation-related burns in laborers and industrial workers who were mainly young males in the age group 20 to 40 years. Most of the cases were of high-voltage (≥1000 V) electrical burns. More severe burns, longer hospital stays, and more problems and operations were all linked to high-voltage burns. Amputation rates for high-voltage burns were significantly higher (37.3%) as compared to low-voltage burns (13.6%). Electrical burn injuries can be prevented by awareness programs, proper training, and safety measures both by public and government.
Concentration of Trace Metals (Lead, Iron, Copper and Zinc) In Crops Harvested in Some Oil Prospecting Locations in River State, Nigeria
Authors:   Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Hart Alexander , CA Oboh , IS Barimalaa , Sokari TG
Published: October 2021

Concentrations of the trace metals lead, iron, copper and zinc were estimated in crops harvested in some oil prospecting locations in Rivers State, Nigeria. The locations were; Agbada-Aluu (AA), Ebocha (EB), Idu Ekpeye (IE), Obagi (OB) and Trans Amadi Layout (TA), with the Teaching and Research Farm of Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt as control. Crops investigated were cassava (Manihot esculenta), cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta), okra (Hibiscus esculentus), pumpkin leaves (Telfairia occidentalis) and waterleaf (Talinum traingulare). Results of the mean lead concentrations were from 1.1µg/g in cocoyam to 9.1 µg/g in okro, showing higher trends in the industrialized areas. While cocoyam had the lowest lead concentration, the concentration rest of the crops did not differ significantly from one another. Crops from locations TA, OB, IE and EB had significantly higher concentrations of lead, although IE, AA and TF were not significantly different from one another. Mean concentrations of iron were between 40 µg/g in cassava from TF, and 651 µg/g in pumpkin leaves from TA - the industrial base of Rivers State - reflecting a high level of pollution from the various industries in that location. Differences in concentration of iron in crops showed pumpkin leaves to have the highest level of iron, followed by the other green vegetables – waterleaf and okra - although no significant differences occurred between okra, cocoyam and cassava. Copper concentrations were between 4.4 µg/g in cocoyam from locations TF and 23 µg/g in pumpkin leaves from TA. Pumpkin leaves had the highest concentrations of copper, followed by okra, then waterleaf, with cocoyam and cassava having the least significant levels. Zinc concentrations in crops were between 29 µg/g in cocoyam from TF to 240 µg/g in pumpkin leaves from EB. Pumpkin leaves and okra contained the highest levels of the metal, followed by waterleaf, then cassava and finally cocoyam. In terms of location, TA, OB and EB had the highest concentrations in crops, the least occurring in TF and AA. These results reflect higher concentrations of metals in crops from the industrialized locations, with the green vegetables, particularly pumpkin leaves, having the highest uptake, while cocoyam invariably had the least. These findings give cause for concern, particularly as heavy metals are bio-accumulative in the system and portend a serious health risk to man and animals.
Appraisal of Traditional Technologies in the Processing and Utilisation of Mumu. A Cereal Based Local Food Product
Authors:   University of Agriculture Makurdi, EK Ingbian , M.A Akpapunam
Published: October 2021

A survey on the production practices and mode of utilization of mumu – a traditional, ready-to-eat Nigerian cereal-based food product - was conducted to be able to provide information that would be used to improve on the processing, nutritional quality and acceptability of the product. 83 % of respondents indicated the use of maize as the raw material for mumu processing, while 35 % also use sorghum. The procedure adopted for mumu processing varies from one processor to another. Based on pre-process operations, three procedures were identified for the production of mumu, namely; sprinkling the grains with water before roasting, steeping the grains overnight before roasting, and parboiling of the grains before roasting. The roasted grains are milled to produce a roasted meal (mumu) which is reconstituted in the ratio of 2:1 (meal: water) and consumed by both adults and children. The study indicates that of the more than 70 % of mumu processors, 92 % are females, mostly (> 60 %) from the age of 36 years and above, are not well educated and therefore, ill-equipped to appreciate modern methods of food hygiene, handling and processing. The study also indicates that the traditional methods used in the processing of mumu are not standardized. Subsequently, product quality attributes such as colour, texture and flavour have not been well defined and are non-uniform. The study shows that mumu is usually reconstituted in cold water with sugar or honey added to taste. The product is usually served in the afternoon and provides an immediate source of energy as well as refreshment. Mumu as a food product has great potential, but is currently underutilized and neglected. Factors contributing to lack of consumer appeal of mumu include; inadequate hygienic practices during and after processing, low nutritional value, variable sensory quality attributes and unattractive presentation. This study presents approaches such as supplementation with oilseeds, and/or legumes and standardization of processing methods to improve on the nutritional quality and methods of processing and utilization of mumu.
Standardisation of Jackfruit Seed Incorporated Chocolates and its Quality Evaluation
Authors: Molu K. Rammya , Sharon C.L. , Panjikkaran Seeja Thomachan , Aneena E.R. , Lakshmy P.S. , Nivya E.M. , Rajeesha C.R.
Published: October 2021

Background: Chocolate is a popular product that millions enjoy every day due to its unique, rich and sweet taste. Jackfruit seeds rich in nutrients, produce a chocolaty aroma and could be potentially cheap abundant substitute for making chocolate. Hence, the present study was carried out to formulate nutritionally superior chocolates using jackfruit seed. Methods: Jackfruit seed flour was used in varying proportions ranging from 30 to 70 per cent along with 10 to 50 per cent cocoa butter and 20 per cent other ingredients. Other ingredients used were cane sugar, cocoa powder and milk powder. The best treatment was selected through sensory evaluation using a score card with a 9 point hedonic scale. Result: Based on organoleptic evaluation, chocolate prepared with 30 per cent roasted jackfruit seed flour and 50 per cent cocoa butter had a maximum mean score of 8.31 for overall acceptability. The selected roasted jackfruit seed flour based chocolate was subjected to physico-chemical analysis and observed to have moisture (7.62%), carbohydrate (63.03g 100g-1), protein (3.78g 100g-1), fat (1g 100g-1) and fibre (3.13g 100g-1).
Genetic Characterization of Indigenous Duck of North-East Region using Microsatellite Markers
Authors: Kaushik Purabi , Saikia Jnyanashree , Kalita Kabitabala , Deka Rajjyoti , Saharia J.
Published: October 2021

Background: Duck farming plays a significant role, next to chicken in the socio-economic uplift men of the rural farmers of North-East India. Pati duck is the most common duck breed in the Brahmaputra valley of Assam and the other common variety reared in North-East India is Chara-Chambeli, however it originatein Kerala. Genetic characterization plays a significant role for formulation of breeding strategies for improvement of any breed. Microsatellites are codominant in nature and are highly polymorphic. High level of allelic variation, co-dominant mode of inheritance and potential for automated analysis make them an excellent tool for genotyping, mapping and genetic characterization. Pati duck is the most common duck breed in the Brahmaputra valley of Assam and the other common variety reared in North-East India is Chara-Chambeli however its origin in Kerela. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out to characterize these two duck breeds using microsatellite markers to evaluate the genetic diversity in these two duck population. Methods: For the present study, Blood sample were collected from 50 Patiducks and 50 Chara-Chambeli ducks from different parts of North-East India. Assessment of genetic characterization of duck breeds of north-east region were carried out using 16 microsatellite markers and population genetics analysis were done by POPGENE software. Result: In the present study, all the studied loci were highly polymorphic. Analysis generated a total of 41 microsatellite alleles. The number of observed alleles (Na) with an overall mean of 1.93±0.258. However, the effective number of alleles (Ne) with a mean of 1.6933±0.2712. The Shannon’s information index was found to a mean value of 0.5685±0.1693. The overall means for observed (HO) and expected (He) heterozygosities were 0.2889±0.2477 and 0.5289±0.0853, respectively. The chi-square (χ2) test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium revealed that all the loci are in within Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Analisis Kualitas Air Berdasarkan Parameter Fisika di Wilayah Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Gultom Fades Br. , Rahman Refpo , Heriansyah Heriansyah
Published: October 2021

Water is a source of basic human needs. Clean water quality will affect environmental health and all activities in it. This study aimed to measure the quality of the water around beaches, rivers and swamps near settlements in Bengkulu City. The research location consisted of nine points with a radius of 0-2 km from the beach. Sampling was carried out using the stratified disproportional random sampling method with measured parameters including temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS) and water turbidity. The method used in the data analysis is the STORET scoring system. The samples were tested using TDS and turbidity meter based on the Arduino Uno ATMega 328. Results of temperature measurement showed relatively stable values in the range of 29-30°C; TDS values were 53-565 mg/L and water turbidity levels ranged from 90.8 to 1938.1 NTU. Based on the results of the analysis using the STORET scoring system, the water quality status in the study area was included in the medium polluted category (score -15) of 3 test parameters (temperature, TDS and water turbidity). Keywords: Water quality, physical parameter, STORET method, Bengkulu City Air merupakan sumber kebutuhan dasar manusia. Kualitas air yang bersih akan mempengaruhi kesehatan lingkungan dan seluruh aktivitas didalamnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur kualitas air yang ada di sekitar pantai, sungai dan rawa dekat pemukiman di Kota Bengkulu. Lokasi penelitian terdiri dari 9 titik dengan radius 0-2 km dari pinggir pantai. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode stratified disproportional random sampling dengan parameter yang diukur diantaranya suhu, total dissolved solids (TDS) dan kekeruhan air. Metode yang digunakan dalam analisis data yaitu sistem penilaian STORET. Pengujian sampel dilakukan dengan TDS meter dan turbidity meter berbasis Arduino Uno ATMega 328. Hasil pengukuran suhu menunjukkan nilai yang relatif stabil dengan kisaran 29-30°C; nilai TDS antara 53-565 mg/L dan tingkat kekeruhan air pada rentang 90,8-1938,1 NTU. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan sistem penilaian STORET, status mutu air di wilayah penelitian termasuk pada kategori cemar sedang (skor -15) berdasarkan 3 parameter uji (suhu, TDS dan kekeruhan air). Kata kunci: Kualitas air, parameter fisika, metode STORET, Kota Bengkulu
PTP1B Inhibitors as Potential Target for Type II Diabetes
Authors: Priefer Ronny
Published: October 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels resulting primarily from either a lack of insulin production or insulin resistance. Insulin elicits its effects by activating the Insulin Receptor (IR) which is responsible for glucose uptake and promotes insulin signaling. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a negative regulator of IR signaling and is responsible for dephosphorylating the tyrosine phosphorylated IR. Inhibition of PTP1B could thus promote glucose uptake [1]. Early PTP1B inhibitors, such as charged active site-directed analogs, showed poor cell membrane permeability. Subsequent uncharged mimetics overcome this initial hurdle however specificity over T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) was another challenge that needed to be overcome. Herein is an overview of the challenges faced for targeting PTP1B. These include the evaluation of compounds that target the active site, allosteric site, and finally covalent inhibition of this potentially viable drug target.
Efektivitas Model Permainan Kartu Indeks (Index Card Match) Terhadap Hasil Pembelajaran Perkembangan Kognitif Dan Sosial Emosional Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Di TK Al-Harits
Authors: Fatmawati Fatmawati
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the effectiveness, index card match card game. Cognitive and emotional development of children aged 5-6 years at TK AL-Harits. Using qualitative methods and data collection techniques using interviews and direct field observations and observations of events that occur in the field. The population is all children as many as 40 people. The data analysis used was phenomenal analysis with interviews and observations for children and teachers. The results showed that the effectiveness, index card match card game Cognitive and emotional development of children aged 5-6 years can form a child's mindset in solving a problem and be more sensitive in making a decision for himself and on his own wishes in the form of examples, practices, and responsibilities. from the teacher. It can be concluded that with this index card game children can make their independence in solving a problem that occurs to themselves and children are more responsible for the decisions that have been made by themselves.
Culture and Interculture: What are we talking about? Challenges for the ELT Community
Authors: Rico-Troncoso Carlos
Published: October 2021

Talking about culture in the field of teaching foreign languages is not a new topic, but talking about interculture and interculturality is a subject that is now gaining a lot of interest in the field of ELT. Especially in the last two decades we have witnessed the growth of publications in this regard. We find all kinds of publications, but we are still having seeing the same fundamental questions that become relevant in these times of change: what we teach, who we teach it to, why we teach it, and how we teach it. These questions have always been relevant for language teachers, but today they have become even more meaningful since we are living in different times, times marked by unexpected political changes, strong economic pressures, and an unreasonable need to homogenize and standardize all the processes of teaching and learning. We must think collectively from new (postmodern) paradigms, empower ourselves, and begin to change our pedagogical practices. The aim of this paper is to share reflections on what foreign language teaching should be and how we should be thinking about culture and interculturality in our classrooms. This is an invitation to think about the need to interculturalize the teaching of the foreign language.
Republicanismos deliberativos a debate. Un análisis filosófico político de “La forma del derecho” de Fernando Atria
Authors: Emanuel Olivares Nicolás
Published: October 2021

En este trabajo nos proponemos tres objetivos específicos. En primer lugar, reconstruir los principales presupuestos normativos de la concepción republicana comprehensiva del concepto de democracia deliberativa asumido por F. Atria en su obra La forma del derecho. En segundo lugar, presentar una concepción republicana deliberativa diversa, definida por cuatro caracteres: política, reflexiva, cívica y epistémica. En tercer lugar, señalar en qué sentido esta segunda concepción respondería adecuadamente al desafío de justificar un modelo democrático que supere la acuciante y actual pero aparente paradoja escéptica-objetivista en materia de verdad política.
¿Qué hay detrás de la evaluación de la calidad de la investigación universitaria? Hacia otra cultura de la investigació
Authors: Pomares Cintas Esther
Published: October 2021

El mundo universitario ha sido tocado de lleno por el legado del nuevo modelo de gestión pública sumado al dominio de las tecnologías vinculadas a la digitalización de la sociedad. El impacto sobre la emancipación de la investigación universitaria en la búsqueda del conocimiento, sobre la orientación de la Universidad pública hacia el progreso del saber y la transmisión del mismo hacia el alumnado y hacia la sociedad, ha calado hasta desmantelar sus pilares. Ni los espacios de reflexión ofrecen rendimiento a ese modelo de «aquí y ahora», ni las obras que no perecen entran en la gramática de la Universidad pública. Las agencias públicas de externalización de la evaluación de la investigación universitaria han intervenido en la calidad de la producción científica, importando las claves que confinan la actividad investigadora: el denominado «factor de impacto», como sello de garantía de calidad, está bajo el control de la empresa privada que concibe la calidad como una mercancía más en el mercado universitario. A través de un entramado tautológico del imperio de los números, en el que la Universidad pública y el personal investigador asumen su rol de clientela, se ha diseñado la Universidad como «marca» que entra en los parámetros de la competitividad y rentabilidad con la finalidad última de atraer inversores, fuentes de financiación, y captar alumnado en su condición de clientes.
Y a la Ciencia Política, ¿debiera importarle algo de todo esto que está pasando?
Authors: Chaves Giraldo Pedro
Published: October 2021

El enunciado de Tocqueville de 1835 según el cual “necesitamos una nueva ciencia política para un mundo nuevo” se muestra, hoy, de enorme actualidad. Las modificaciones sustanciales producidas por tres décadas de neoliberalismo han cambiado de manera radical los procesos, las estructuras y los actores que la Ciencia Política estudia. Entre los resultados a considerar: un retroceso democrático sin precedentes desde el final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Los síntomas de ese malestar democrático se ejemplifica en el crecimiento electoral de partidos de extrema derecha a lo largo de todo el globo aunque en nuestro trabajo nos centraremos en Europa. La consolidación de las llamadas democracias iliberales es una manifestación de esa descomposición lenta y silenciosa de la democracia. La Ciencia Política tuvo a la democracia, su defensa y mejora, como un objetivo central de su disciplina desde su nacimiento; de hecho su vitalidad e independencia se relaciona con la vitalidad y calidad de la democracia misma. En el artículo defendemos que no hay verdadera Ciencia Política al margen de la condición y calidad democrática de nuestros sistemas políticos. Los diferentes modelos de autoritarismo terminan por convertir la Ciencia Política en una técnica de gestión del poder. En este contexto, las aportaciones de la Teoría política pueden resultar de la mayor importancia en este momento
Trata de seres humanos
Authors: Bermejo Casado Rut
Published: October 2021

El presente trabajo aborda la definición del execrable problema de la trata de seres humanos. Comienza con el análisis del concepto de trata de seres humanos y sus elementos a través de la normativa internacional y europea del siglo XXI. A continuación, aborda las similitudes, diferencias y conexiones con el tráfico de personas. Además, se revisan los problemas para su medición y los datos que, en diversos ámbitos, se manejan para observar su evolución. Por último, se apuntan los cambios y retos que la era digital, y, también, la pandemia de COVID-19 plantean a la respuesta y lucha contra la trata de seres humanos.
Tratados de libre comercio (aspectos políticos)
Authors: Navarro Ruiz Clara
Published: October 2021

Los Tratados de Libre Comercio (TLCs) son el signo definitorio del comercio mundial del presente siglo y su proliferación ha sido muy notoria en los últimos años. Tal aumento es consecuencia de un aparato jurídico de lenguaje indeterminado, así como del cambio de signo en las relaciones comerciales, viradas del multilateralismo al bilateralismo. Las nuevas características de los TLCs y el cambio en la política de dos de los grandes actores de la economía mundial, EE.UU. y la UE, ofrecen otras de las señales de cambio que permiten evaluar su posible desarrollo en el futuro.
Analysis of Images Produced by Smoky Makeup Using a Color Image Scale for Female Eyes
Authors: Kim Min-Kyung
Published: October 2021

Purpose: In order to analyze the images to be produced by tone variations in the smoky makeup, according to the forms of eyes, this study evaluated them by applying adjective image scales as the tool for quantitative assessment.Methods: By categorizing female eyes into seven forms, we examined images in which the tones of smoky makeup changed across five stages, ranging from the highest to the lowest brightness. We varied the positions of the eyes on the image map.Results: The eyes without makeup have different images, depending on the forms of eyes: standard eyes with folded eyelids and large eyes have dynamic and soft images, while drooping eyes have static and stiff images. The positions of eyes were varied on the image map. Although the standard eyes which were evaluated as having the most soft images could express very various images, by changing the tones of the smoky makeup, those which could be expressed by drooping eyes were very restricted, even though the tones of the smoky makeup were changed.Conclusion: It is consequently found that there are large variations in image areas to be produced by makeup, and that the image map is a tool useful for systematically analyzing the dynamic characteristics of variations in eyes’ images, as the tones of makeup are changed.
Effect of Tea Tree Oil on Improvement of Hair Damage
Authors: Kim Ju-Sub
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the effects of tea tree oil on damaged hair.Methods: A texture-improving agent was produced by adding different dosages of tea tree oil (i.e., 0, 2, 4, and 6 g) on sample hair. Comparative analysis was conducted by measuring the effects of the agent before and after application to sample hair bleached into level 8. To examine changes in hair brightness, L* value was measured using a color difference meter. In addition, to determine the effects of the agent on damaged hair, the study measured tensile strength, absorbance using methylene blue, and hair gloss.Results: The mean L* value for each sample increased for healthy hair but decreased in the 8L samples. Analysis indicates that the healthy hair, 8L(4) sample, and 8L(6) samples pointed to significant results. The mean value for tensile strength increased for all healthy and 8L hair samples after application. Specifically, the 8L(4) and 8L(6) samples displayed significant results. In terms of absorbance, the mean value decreased for all healthy and 8L hair samples after application. Moreover, hair gloss values increased for samples applied with the agent containing tea tree oil. Specifically, the 8L(2), 8L(4), and 8L(6) samples exhibited increased values after application.Conclusions: The results confirm the effects of tea tree oil on damaged hair in terms of improvements in terms of tensile strength, absorbance, and gloss. The study recommends that further research on the effects of various oils and natural extracts on damaged hair is necessary in terms of improving other hair characteristics and using more samples.
Anti-inflammatory and Matrix Metallopeptidase-1-Inhibitory Effects of the Cassia obtusifolia L. Seed Extract on Particulate Matter-induced Skin
Authors: Kang Jung-Wook , Lee In-Chul
Published: October 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of the Cassia obtusifolia L. seed extract (CSE) on particulate matter (PM)-induced skin.Methods: The effects of CSE on cell viability were evaluated using a skin cell line. To determine the anti-inflammatory effects and matrix metallopeptidase-1 (MMP-1)-inhibitory effects of CSE on PM-induced skin, NO and MMP-1 expressions were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Also, the effects of CSE was investigated the induction of IL-8 and TNF-α treated PM on reconstructed human full thickness skin models.Results: It was observed that CSE decreased NO production in PM-induced RAW 264.7 cells without cytotoxicity. In addition, CSE decreased the expression of MMP-1 in PM-induced cells in a dose-dependent manner. CSE decreased IL-8 and TNF-α production in a PM-reconstructed human skin model.Conclusion: These results indicate that CSE could be used as a cosmetic material to induce anti-inflammation and inhibition of MMP-1 in PM-induced skin.
Mulberry and Peppermint Leaves Mixing Ratio Optimization for Skin Beauty
Authors: Lee Shin-Young , Kim Min-Ju , Kim Ae-Jung
Published: October 2021

Purpose: This study aims to determine the optimal mixing ratio of mulberry and peppermint leaves and evaluates their biological activities to identify whether the estimated ratio is suitable for use in inner beauty and cosmetic ingredients.Methods: Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, and tyrosinase and elastase inhibition activities were measured to optimize the mixing ratio of mulberry and peppermint leaves.Results: The mixture of mulberry and peppermint leaves showed a total polyphenol content of up to 46.58 mg TAE/g, a total flavonoid content of up to 45.54 mg QE/g, and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of up to 74.18% and 40.60%, respectively. Tyrosinase and elastase inhibition activities were up to 67.46% and 35.01%, respectively. In the interest section, the maximum antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities were obtained at a mulberry:pepperint mixing ratio of 1.49:0.75 (g:g). In the experimental section, the maximum antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities were obtained at a mulberry:pepperint mixing ratio of 1.79:0.80 (g:g). Further, the maximum antioxidant and elastase inhibitory activities were obtained at a mulberry:pepperint mixing ratio of 1.11:0.75 (g:g).Conclusion: This study determined the superiority of the antioxidant activity, tyrosinase and elastase activity inhibition efficacies, and optimal mixing ratios of mulberry and peppermint leaves. Based on our findings, we believe that mulberry and peppermint leaves at an optimal mixing ratio will have considerable use as inner beauty and cosmetic ingredients.
Effects of Consumer Consumption Value and Psychological Status on Cosmetics Repurchase Behavior in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Lee Ji Young , Lee Jung Min , An Sungkwan
Published: October 2021

Purpose: This study examines the effect of changes in the daily lives of cosmetic consumers resulting from COVID-19 on behavioral intention according to consumption value and analyzes the relationship among consumption value, purchase satisfaction, and repurchase intention of cosmetic consumers.Methods: In this study, a collected questionnaire was statistically processed to verify the established hypothesis, and through the data coding process, empirical analysis was performed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) 22.0 program and Amos 21.0.Results: As a result of examining the effect of cosmetic shopping value on satisfaction and expected regret, based on the independent variable, rare consumption value (CR=5.199), hedonistic consumption value (CR=6.974), and functional consumption value (CR=4.214) on satisfaction, ethical consumption value (CR=15.628) and functional consumption value (CR=2.798) were found to affect the expected regret (p<0.01). As a result of the hypothesis testing, the most influential section was the effect of satisfaction on repurchase (C.R.=27.117).Conclusion: This study analyzed the data of 1,059 people and confirmed the effect of the change in consumption value on consumer satisfaction as the center of consumption shifts rapidly from offline to online due to the influence of the untact era. It is thought that this understanding would be helpful in establishing effective strategic technology.
Induction and Proliferation of Callus in the Flower Stalk of Calanthe discolor Lindl. and its Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Kim Dong-Myong , Jung Ju-Yeong , Lee Hyung-Kon , Kwon Yong-Seong , Lee Kwan-Ho , Jang Jin-Hoon , Han In-Suk
Published: October 2021

Purpose: This study aims to establish the appropriate conditions for induction and proliferation of callus from the flower stalk of Calanthe discolor Lindl. (CFS) and to analyze the antioxidant properties as well as the skin irritation level of its extracts.Methods: Murashige & Skoog medium was used to induce the callus from CFS with NB0 (α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 0 mg/L, benzyl adenine (BA) 0 mg/L), NB1 (NAA 0.2 mg/L, BA 0.1 mg/L), NB5 (NAA 0.2 mg/L, BA 0.5 mg/L), and NB10 (0.2 mg/L, BA 1.0 mg/L) as plant growth regulators (PGR). The callus powder was extracted by ultrasonic treatment, and the total phenolic contents (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and human skin irritation test using callus extracts were performed.Results: As a result of callus induction from CFS with PGR, NB5 showed the highest growth rate of callus with a weight of 4.2±0.3 g. The TPC of the callus extracts NB0, NB1, NB5, and NB10 were 33.71±0.27, 37.59±0.51, 46.26±0.18, and 55.92±0.33 mg GAE/g, respectively. NB10 showed the highest value of DPPH radical scavenging activity than that of NB0, NB1, NB5, and NB10, in various concentrations. CFS callus extract showed very low human skin irritation compared to that of the control group, 10% SLS.Conclusion: The optimal PGR condition for induction of CFS callus was established as NB10. CFS callus extracts can be used as functional materials for cosmetics as it has significant antioxidant activity and low skin irritation value.