bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Composition and Diversity of Algal Flora in Jahanara Imam-Pritilota Hall Sorobar (JP) Lake of Jahangirnagar University Campus, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Das Chandrima , Jolly Shamima Nasrin
Published: May 2023

The study aimed to evaluate the composition and diversity of algae in the JP Lake of Jahangirnagar University campus. The research was carried out between the period of December 2021 to November 2022. A total of 72 water samples were used to carry out the investigation. Shannon and Simpson diversity indexes were used to determine the level of diversity. 234 phytoplankton species under 98 genera were found belonging to 8 classes (Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Synurophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Dinophyceae, and Xanthophyceae). According to the generic percentage composition, Chlorophyceae comprised 46%, followed by Bacillariophyceae (20%) and Cyanophyceae (18%). At the species level, Euglenophyceae were found to dominate (34%) the studied sites that were followed by Chlorophyceae (31%) and Cyanophyceae (18%). The total density of phytoplankton was 387.34×105 ind/l. The highest phytoplankton density was found in April, and the lowest one was in November. Cell dispersion was below average in May for Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Cryptophyceae, and Synurophyceae. Oscillatoria, Monoraphidium, Actinastrum, Cosmarium, Trachelomonas, and Euglena dominated the surveyed region. The Shannon Diversity Index  showed a value of 1.51, while Simpson's Diversity Index  showed a value of 0.28. The overall variation (80.73%) among the classes was represented by PCA cells. According to the Shannon and Simpson Diversity Indexes, the diversity was low.
Production of Soft Bloomy Rind Cheese with Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Cameroon’s Cow Milk
Authors: Tchikoua R. , Djoufack R. A. Nago , Elouti R. B. Okamba , Ngang J. J. Essia
Published: May 2023

The changing of the diversity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from one locality and another is one of the main reasons of the organoleptic and physicochemical differences encountered in the same class of cheese. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of LAB isolated from cow's milk produced locally in Cameroon on the organoleptic and physicochemical quality of soft cheese with bloomy rind. To this effect, 05 LAB (IS1, IS2, IS3, IS4 and IS5) were isolated to fresh milk and selected after macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical characterizations. After tests of acidification, fermentation type, compatibility between LAB and LAB concentration on milk coagulation, the combined IS1-IS4-IS5 and IS2-IS3-IS5 were retained to produce 02 soft cheeses with bloomy rind namely respectively FROCAM 145 and FROCAM 235. When used at concentrations of 3×107 CFU/mL, these combined LAB coagulate fresh renneted milk after 3 hours at 26°C. During the production of FROCAM 145, the combined IS1-IS4-IS5 resulted in a firm, moist curd and a pH reduction of 14 and 15% respectively after the milk maturation and ripening of FROCAM 145. This cheese recorded 100% mould recovery, with protein, lipid and calcium content of 6.7, 62.2 and 0.1% respectively. On the other hand, during the production of FROCAM 235, the combined IS2-IS3-IS5 resulted in a dry and crumbly curd. The pH recorded with this combined LAB after maturation of the milk and ripening of FROCAM 235 is 12 and 17% respectively. The FROCAM 235 recorded a low mould recovery estimated at 20% and a protein, lipid and calcium content of 7.8, 65.1 and 0.3% respectively.  From a microbiological point of view, FROCAM 145 and FROCAM 235 did not record any contamination by Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella and Staphylococci. The sensory analysis shows that FROCAM 145 was more appreciated than FROCAM 235 with scores of 0.74 and 0.24 respectively. In view of these results, the IS1-IS4-IS5 combinations isolated from Cameroonian milks present a certain technological interest in the transformation of milk into cheese.
Impact of Cooking Conditions on Proximate Composition and Textural Properties of Chicken Breast Meat
Authors: Alugwu Samson Ugochukwu , Okonkwo Thomas M. , Ngadi Michael O.
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of cooking conditions on the proximate composition and textural properties (cohesiveness and chewiness) of chicken breast meat.  Eight packs of industrial skinless chicken breast meat were cooked by air frying (AF), baking (BK), deep fat frying (DF) and grilling (GR) at 170, 180 and 190oC for 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 min. The chicken breast packs were frozen and sliced into dimensions, thawed, cooked and analysed by a two way analysis of variance. The results revealed that cooking methods significantly (p < 0.05) decreased moisture and protein contents from 75.14 to 58.25% and 89.17 to 82.98%, but increased fat content from 4.26 to 7.78%, ash content from 1.95 to 2.39%, carbohydrate content from 4.63 to 6.95%, cohesiveness content from 0.40 to 0.52 and chewiness value from 3.63 to 6.05 kg. An increases in cooking temperatures and times decreased  moisture  content  from  60.58 to % 56.34% and 75.14 to 47.40% and protein content from 83.77 to 82.11% and 89.17 to 79.45%. Similarly, increases in cooking temperatures and times significantly (p < 0.05) increased fat content from 7.00 to 8.44% and 4.26 to 10.12%, ash content from 2.15% to 2.59% and 1.95 to 2.67%. This study showed that increases in cooking temperatures decreased non-significantly (p > 0.05) carbohydrate content from 7.02 to 6.92%, but increases in cooking times increased carbohydrate content from 4.63 to 7.76%. An increases in cooking temperatures and times increased cohesiveness content from 0.50 to 0.54 and 0.40 to 0.63, chewiness value from 5.50 to 6.77 kg and 3.63 to 8.54 kg, respectively. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in chewiness values of samples cooked by AF and GR methods. The best cooking method/ temperature / time for low nutrient losses was BK, 170oC and 4 min.
Correlation between Photovoltaic Energy Production and Certain Climate Parameters: Case Study in the Plateau Department in Southern Benin
Authors: Gnagbolou Yao , Agbomahena Macaire B. , Aza-Gnandji Maurel R. , N’gobi Gabin Koto
Published: May 2023

The Plateau department, where the first 25 MWp grid-connected solar plant was installed, is also an industrial cement zone, with high-energy demand, located in the south of Benin. In this region, the equatorial climate oscillated between two dry and two rainy seasons, with a high relative humidity. This climate variability influences the electrical output of photovoltaic (PV) modules. The analysis of the impact of climatic parameters such as relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed, ambient temperature, sunshine, on the photovoltaic production becomes necessary to optimize the energy generation in such a region. The objective of this study is to quantify the dependency relationship that exists between the variability of these parameters and the PV power generation using Pearson correlation method. The daily data collected for each parameter during the period from January 2011 to December 2020 were processed with Python 3.7.10 language. The results showed that relative humidity, with an average value of 80.14%, is the climatic has the highest negative impact (correlation coefficient of -0.42) on the performance of PV modules. Thus, the design and operation of a PV plant in this area should consider this parameter, especially with dust deposits, to improve the production yield.
NOVAS HETEROTOPIAS:
Authors: Freitas Gabriela Pereira de
Published: May 2023

Neste artigo procurou-se relacionar o conceito de dispositivo cinematográfico, encontrado em André Parente, Philippe Dubois e Anne-Marie Duguet, com o conceito pós-estruturalista de dispositivo, de Deleuze e Foucault, por meio da análise de quatro instalações audiovisuais do artista Lucas Bambozzi. As linhas de um dispositivo se relacionam ao aparato cinematográfico ao deslocarmos as obras para o espaço urbano, considerando suas implicações subjetivas, políticas e sociais. Propõe-se, então, uma investigação sobre as obras a partir das principais categorias do dispositivo cinematográfico – ambiente, recursos tecnológicos e interação com o espectador –, buscando traçar as cartografias sentimentais (Suely Rolnik) criadas e recriadas por essas obras e pelas suas interações na urbe. Ao final, intentou-se mostrar como não apenas as obras subvertem o dispositivo cinematográfico, como, também, os dispositivos discursivos e de poder interferem nas relações entre o indivíduo e sua coletividade, gerando heterotopias urbanas que partem do imaginário à sociabilidade.
GILBERT SIMONDON E O INTERVALO COMUNICACIONAL
Authors: Pereira Demétrio Rocha , Silva Alexandre Rocha da
Published: May 2023

Este artigo investiga como Gilbert Simondon articula potências corporais a um recorte incorporal ou expressivo da comunicação. O texto detecta as menções à comunicação na tese principal de doutoramento de Simondon, defendida em 1958, para distinguir operações intervalares que, longe de assegurarem a transmissão de palavras de ordem, ziguezagueiam entre ordens incompatíveis para produzir e conservar blocos ricos em tensão. Um recorte semiótico se destacará gradualmente, enquanto a leitura da tese permita falsear descrições dualistas da individuação; afirmar a disparidade de perspectivas desde uma zona problemática pré-individual; surpreender a comunicação condensando afetos desde soluções cristalinas; e positivar a disparidade afetiva como motor para um excedente expressivo, extraído às misturas corporais.
POR UMA PUBLICIDADE ANTIRRACISTA:
Authors: Brum Enéias , Piedras Elisa Reinhardt
Published: May 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar e caracterizar as modalidades de dupla articulação das práticas de produção publicitária com as práticas de contestação do público vinculadas ao racismo e antirracismo na publicidade brasileira contemporânea. A partir de noções como modalidades de dupla articulação da publicidade e publicidade antirracista e através da técnica de análise documental, esta pesquisa qualitativa se debruça sobre um corpus coletado na mídia especializada do campo publicitário (2011-2019). Os resultados apresentam campanhas contestadas pelo público atravessadas pela questão racial, suas motivações, manifestações de anunciantes e agências de publicidade, além de iniciativas pró-diversidade emergentes.
QUANDO A DUBLAGEM TRANSFORMA O MACHO EM FÊMEA:
Authors: Holzbach Ariane Diniz , Dornelles Wagner
Published: May 2023

A proposta do artigo é entender o papel da antropomorfia nos desenhos animados, considerando a maneira como ela atua na manutenção de estereótipos de gênero em histórias para crianças com até seis anos. Argumentamos que, longe de neutralizar as problemáticas em torno dos olhares sobre os gêneros, o uso da antropomorfia reproduz, com alto teor pedagógico, modelos em torno dos significados do gênero feminino. Para tal, faremos um debate sobre o lugar da antropomorfia nos desenhos, para então analisarmos a construção de personagens da série Patrulha Canina que, especificamente no Brasil, passou por uma mudança de dublagem na primeira temporada, modificando o gênero de dois dos seis protagonistas. A análise é fundamentada pelas diferenças apresentadas em dois episódios da série: O Festival Dos Filhotes e Os Filhotes e as Tartarugas Marinhas; ambos veiculados, originalmente, em 2015, mas que sofreram alterações no corpo de dubladores, após 2019. Além desta pequena amostragem, acionaremos os comentários disponibilizados no site Reclame Aqui em torno da temporada. Enfatizamos que elementos técnicos (cores, forma, dublagem), juntamente com o comportamento das personagens, expressam problemáticas fundamentais para compreensão do papel dos gêneros hoje.
Women living with hiv and pregnancy: understanding their (de)motivations / Mulheres que vivem com HIV e gestação: compreendendo suas (des)motivações
Authors: Cortes de Oliveira Larissa , Kaezer dos Santos Felipe , Da Silva Thiengo de Andrade Priscila Cristina , Iabrudi Carinhanha Joana , De Oliveira Denize Cristina
Published: May 2023

Objetivo: compreender as (des)motivações das mulheres que vivem com HIV na decisão de engravidar. Método: a coleta de dados se deu através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com nove mulheres, tendo os dados analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin, sendo organizados segundo Oliveira. Resultados: foram criadas três categorias temáticas: Aspectos socioeconômicos e socioculturais que (des)motivam a gravidez; Sentimentos de mulheres que vivem com HIV quanto a gestação; HIV e gravidez. Considerações finais: há uma certa relevância das condições socioeconômicas dessas mulheres em conjunto com informações sobre o assunto e, junto de outras questões, acabam por ter certa influência tanto no desejo pela gravidez quanto na falta dele. Além disso, o medo da transmissão se fez muito presente entre as participantes. É papel do enfermeiro acolher as demandas dessa mulher para contribuir com sua autonomia na decisão pela gravidez.
A Woman With Syncope and Frequent Premature Ventricular Contractions
Authors: Kawji Mazen M.
Published: May 2023

A woman in her late 50s presents to the emergency department after several episodes of syncope in the past several weeks. What would you do next?
Recent Development of Jumping Motions Based on Soft Actuators
Authors: Li Jingjing , Yu Kaiqing , Wang Ge , Gu Wenhui , Xia Zhigang , Zhou Xiang , Liu Zunfeng
Published: May 2023

Drawing inspiration from the jumping motions of living creatures in nature, jumping robots have emerged as a promising research field over the past few decades due to great application potential in interstellar exploration, military reconnaissance, and life rescue missions. Early reviews mainly focused on jumping robots made of lightweight and rigid materials with mechanical components, concentrating on jumping control and stability. Herein, attention is paid to the jumping mechanisms of soft actuators assembled from various soft smarting materials and powered by different stimulus sources. The challenges and prospects of soft jumping actuators are also discussed. It is hoped that this review will contribute to the further development of soft jumping actuators and broaden their practical applications.
Photothermal Heating‐Assisted Superior Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of High‐Entropy‐Alloy Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Yixing , Yang Linlin , Liao Yijun , Zhao Rongzhi , Ji Lianze , Su Rui , Xu Dake , Wang Fuhui
Published: May 2023

Antibacterial elements and non‐contact heating abilities have been proven effective for antibacterial and antibiofilm activities, but it remains a challenge to integrate both within one material. Herein, assisted by the high‐entropy effect, FeNiTiCrMnCux high‐entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA‐NPs) with excellent photothermal heating properties for boosting antibacterial and antibiofilm performances are synthesized. Benefitting from the synergetic effect of copper ions released and thermal damage by the HEA‐NPs, more reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated, leading to the rupture of the cell membranes and the eradication of the biofilms. As a result, the antibiofilm efficiency (400 µg mL−1) of the mostly optimized FeNiTiCrMnCu1.0 HEA‐NPs in the marine nutrient medium, which is the worst‐case scenario for the antimicrobial material, can be improved from 81% to 97.4% under 30 min solar irradiation (1 sun). The present study demonstrates a new strategy for effectively treating marine microorganisms that cause biofouling and microbial corrosion using HEA‐NPs with photothermal heating characteristics as an antibacterial auxiliary.
Co Single Atoms and CoOx Nanoclusters Anchored on Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 Synergistically Boosts the NO Reduction by CO
Authors: Liu Shaomian , Ji Yongjun , Liu Bing , Xu Wenqing , Chen Wenxing , Yu Jian , Zhong Ziyi , Xu Guangwen , Zhu Tingyu , Su Fabing
Published: May 2023

Achieving high NO conversion and N2 selectivity in selective catalytic reduction of NO by CO (CO‐SCR) in a wide operating temperature window, particularly in the presence of high O2 concentration, remains a big challenge. Herein, guided by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, a catalyst is rationally developed with dual active centers consisting of both Co single‐atoms (SAs) and CoOx nanoclusters (NCs) co‐anchored on Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 support (CZO), which show above 99.7% NO conversion and 100% N2 selectivity at 250–400 °C under 5 vol% O2. DFT calculation and experimental results confirm a strong interaction among Co SAs, CoOx NCs, and CZO support. Co SAs enhance CO adsorption and accompany the oxygen vacancies (OVs) formation in CZO, while the CoOx NCs promote both NO conversion to nitrate intermediate and the breakage of the NO bond at OVs, thus synergistically boosting the N2 formation.
Tailored Lattice Compressive Strain of Pt‐Skins by the L12‐Pt3M Intermetallic Core for Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Wang Zichen , Chen Suhao , Wu Wei , Chen Runzhe , Zhu Yu , Jiang Haoran , Yu Liyue , Cheng Niancai
Published: May 2023

The sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and unsatisfactory durability of Pt‐based catalysts are severely hindering the commercialization of proton‐exchange‐membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this work, the lattice compressive strain of Pt‐skins imposed by Pt‐based intermetallic cores is tailored for highly effective ORR through the confinement effect of the activated nitrogen‐doped porous carbon (a‐NPC). The modulated pores of a‐NPC not only promote Pt‐based intermetallics with ultrasmall size (average size of <4 nm), but also efficiently stabilizes intermetallic nanoparticles and sufficient exposure of active sites during the ORR process. The optimized catalyst (L12‐Pt3Co@ML‐Pt/NPC10) achieves excellent mass activity (1.72 A mgPt−1) and specific activity (3.49 mA cmPt−2), which are 11‐ and 15‐fold that of commercial Pt/C, respectively. Besides, owing to the confinement effect of a‐NPC and protection of Pt‐skins, L12‐Pt3Co@ML‐Pt/NPC10 retains 98.1% mass activity after 30 000 cycles, and even 95% for 100 000 cycles, while Pt/C retains only 51.2% for 30 000 cycles. Rationalized by density functional theory, compared with other metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, and Zn), L12‐Pt3Co closer to the top of “volcano” induces a more suitable compressive strain and electronic structure on Pt‐skin, leading to an optimal oxygen adsorption energy and a remarkable ORR performance.
Polyimides Physically Crosslinked by Aromatic Molecules Exhibit Ultrahigh Energy Density at 200 °C
Authors: Yang Minzheng , Zhou Le , Li Xin , Ren Weibin , Shen Yang
Published: May 2023

Polymer dielectrics possess significant advantages in electrostatic energy storage applications, such as high breakdown strength (Eb) and efficiency (η), while their discharged energy density (Ud) at high temperature is limited by the decrease in Eb and η. Several strategies including introducing inorganic components and crosslinking have been investigated to improve the Ud of polymer dielectrics, but new issues will be encountered, e.g., the sacrifice of flexibility, the degradation of the interfacial insulating property and the complex preparation process. In this work, 3D rigid aromatic molecules are introduced into aromatic polyimides to form physical crosslinking networks through electrostatic interactions between their oppositely charged phenyl groups. The dense physical crosslinking networks strengthen the polyimides to boost the Eb, and the aromatic molecules trap the charge carriers to suppress the loss, allowing the strategy to combine the advantages of inorganic incorporation and crosslinking. This study demonstrates that this strategy is well applicable to a number of representative aromatic polyimides, and ultrahigh Ud of 8.05 J cm−3 (150 °C) and 5.12 J cm−3 (200 °C) is achieved. Furthermore, the all‐organic composites exhibit stable performances during ultralong 105 charge–discharge cycles in harsh environments (500 MV m−1 and 200 °C) and prospects for large‐scale preparation.
Kinking of GaP Nanowires Grown in an In Situ (S)TEM Gas Cell Holder
Authors: Krug David , Widemann Maximilian , Gruber Felix , Ahmed Shamail , Demuth Thomas , Beyer Andreas , Volz Kerstin
Published: May 2023

Nanowires are a promising structure to create new defect‐free heterostructures and optoelectronic devices. GaP nanowires grown via the VLS mechanism using tertiary‐butyl phosphine (TBP) and trimethylgallium (TMGa) as precursors in an in situ closed gas cell heating holder are shown. This holder is a model system to investigate the processes in metal‐organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE). GaP nanowires change their growth direction after random distances by producing kinks. Statistics of these kink angles show dominant values of around 70.5°, 109.5°, and 123.7°. A custom holder tip capable of holding a single heating chip is used to perform scanning precession electron diffraction (SPED) measurements on the nanowire kinks. The results show that the predominant kink angles result from micro twins of first and second order. Understanding the defect formation and resulting geometry changes in GaP nanowires can lead to increased control over their shape during growth and mark a huge step toward applicable nanowire devices.
Multifunctional Plasmonic Sensor for Excellent UV Photodetection and NO2 Gas Sensing by an Array of Al Nanocaps on GaN Truncated Nanocones
Authors: Kuang Yu‐Ping , Dubey Abhishek , Ranjan Rishi , Tsai Hao‐Yuan , Yadav Shyam Narayan Singh , Chen Chun‐Yen , Gwo Shangjr , Lin Heh‐Nan , Yen Ta‐Jen
Published: May 2023

Plasmonics has been demonstrated to improve the performance of various optoelectronic devices operating in the infrared to visible wavelength regime. However, limited by optical properties of suitable plasmonic materials in ultraviolet (UV) regimes, rare works have been devoted to UV applications with plasmonic structures. This work deliberately fabricates a heterogeneous array of Al nanocaps (Al‐NC) on a wide‐bandgap semiconductor of GaN truncated nanocones (GaN‐TNC) and then presents a multifunctional plasmonic sensor for excellent UV photodetection and air‐quality‐index (AQI) gas sensing. As a UV photodetector, this work shows maximum responsivity (1.8 × 108 AW−1) and detectivity (1.2 × 1018 Jones) at the resonance wavelength of 355 nm, which based on the current knowledge, is the highest detectivity among GaN‐based UV photodetectors. Such a UV photodetector also introduces a decent response of rise time (78.3 ms) and fall time (303.5 ms), respectively. As a gas sensor, this work detects a key AQI gas of NO2 and provides a superior response of 28% and a detection limit of 500 ppb, respectively.
Ultraviolet–Visible Photodetector Driven by Local Electrostatic Field from Chargeable Electret
Authors: Luo Lili , Hao Rui , Hu Xiaoliang , Li Yingtao , Xie Erqing , Zhang Zemin
Published: May 2023

Metal oxide semiconductors have been developed for ultraviolet–visible photodetectors, but improving sensitivity has remained a challenge due to poor mobility and carrier losses. In this study, a high‐performance photodetector is achieved by implementing a chargeable electret to regulate carrier transmission properties in the CuBi2O4 (CBO) conductive channel. As expected, the positively charged device shows improved performance, with a broadband detection range covering 250–600 nm, maximum responsivity and detectivity of around 10.65 A W−1 and 8.56 × 1012 Jones, and a fast rise and decay time of 50 and 300 µs, respectively. Mechanism analyses suggest two roles of the electret layer: 1) positive charges in the electret layer attract electrons and leave a pure hole conductive channel with less carrier recombination and trapping; 2) holes in the conductive channel move in one direction with less carrier collision and scattering. This work has demonstrated an effective strategy for providing a durable and stable ultra‐high electrostatic field to improve the sensitivity of photodetectors.
Isonimesulide and Its Carborane Analogues as Isoform‐Selective COX Inhibitors and Antitumor Agents
Authors: Useini Liridona , Komazec Teodora , Laube Markus , Lönnecke Peter , Schädlich Jonas , Mijatović Sanja , Maksimović‐Ivanić Danijela , Pietzsch Jens , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie
Published: May 2023

Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most widely used therapeutics against pain, fever, and inflammation; additionally, antitumor properties are reported. NSAIDs reduce the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms COX‐1 and COX‐2. As nonselective inhibition is associated with off‐target effects, strategies to achieve selectivity for the clinically preferred isoform COX‐2 are of high interest. The modification of NSAIDs using carborane clusters as phenyl mimetics is reported to alter the selectivity profile through size exclusion. Inspired by these findings, isonimesulide and its carborane derivatives are prepared. The biological screening shows that the carborane containing compounds exhibit a stronger antitumor potential compared to nimesulide and isonimesulide. Furthermore, the replacement of the phenyl ring of isonimesulide with a carborane moiety resulted in a shift of the COX activity from nonactive to COX‐active compounds.
Ultrasound‐Responsive Oxygen‐Carrying Pollen for Enhancing Chemo‐Sonodynamic Therapy of Breast Cancer
Authors: Wen Baojie , Huang Danqing , Song Chuanhui , Shan Jingyang , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: May 2023

The tumor‐suppressing efficacy of either chemotherapeutics or gaseous drugs has been confirmed in treating the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), while the efficacy of single treatment is usually dissatisfactory. Herein, a novel ultrasound responsive natural pollen delivery system is presented to simultaneously load chemotherapeutics and gaseous drugs for synergistic treatment of TNBC. The hollow structure of pollen grains carries oxygen‐enriched perfluorocarbon (PFC), and the porous spinous process structure adsorbs the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) (PO/D‐PGs). Ultrasound can trigger the oxygen release from PFC and excite DOX, which is not only a chemotherapeutic but also a sonosensitizer, to realize chemo‐sonodynamic therapy. The PO/D‐PGs are demonstrated to effectively enhance oxygen concentration and increase the production of reactive oxygen species in the presence of low‐intensity ultrasound, synergistically enhancing the tumor killing ability. Thus, the synergistic therapy based on ultrasound‐facilitated PO/D‐PGs significantly enhances the antitumor effect in the mouse TNBC model. It is believed that the proposed natural pollen cross‐state microcarrier can be used as an effective strategy to enhance chemo‐sonodynamic therapy for TNBC.
A very mild phenotype in six individuals of a three‐generation family with the novel HRAS variant c.176C > G p.(Ala59Gly): Emergence of a new HRAS‐related RASopathy distinct from Costello syndrome
Authors: Frey Tanja , Ivanovski Ivan , Bahr Angela , Zweier Markus , Laube Julia , Luchsinger Isabelle , Steindl Katharina , Rauch Anita
Published: May 2023

Costello syndrome is a clinically recognizable, severe neurodevelopmental disorder caused by heterozygous activating variants in HRAS. The vast majority of affected patients share recurring variants affecting HRAS codons 12 and 13 and a relatively uniform phenotype. Here, we report the unique and attenuated phenotype of six individuals of an extended family affected by the HRAS variant c.176C>T p.(Ala59Gly), which, to our knowledge, has never been reported as a germline variant in patients so far. HRAS Alanine 59 has been previously functionally investigated as an oncogenic hotspot and the p.Ala59Gly substitution was shown to impair intrinsic GTP hydrolysis. All six individuals we report share a phenotype of ectodermal anomalies and mild features suggestive of a RASopathy, reminiscent of patients with Noonan syndrome‐like disorder with loose anagen hair. All six are of normal intelligence, none have a history of failure to thrive or malignancy, and they have no known cardiac or neurologic pathologies. Our report adds to the previous reports of patients with rare variants affecting amino acids located in the SWITCH II/G3 region of HRAS and suggests a consistent, attenuated phenotype distinct from classical Costello syndrome. We propose the definition of a new distinct HRAS‐related RASopathy for patients carrying HRAS variants affecting codons 58, 59, 60.
Distinct eicosanoid patterns in severe recalcitrant nasal polyposis
Authors: Nordström Axel , Jangard Mattias , Svedberg Marie , Ryott Michael , Kumlin Maria
Published: May 2023

Background

Although altered eicosanoid levels are related to disease severity in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), identifying patients prone to recurrent nasal polyps (NPs) is still difficult. We investigated levels of nasally secreted eicosanoids before and after NP surgery in patients with or without NP recurrence (NPR) and explored potential endotypes based on pre‐surgical eicosanoid levels.

Methods

Levels of leukotriene (LT) E4, LTB4, prostaglandin (PG) D2, PGE2 and 15(S) hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15[S]‐HETE) were measured in nasal secretions with specific immunoassays at pre‐surgery (n = 38) and 6 and 12 months post‐surgery (n = 35), with NPR identified endoscopically. Pre‐ and post‐surgical levels were compared between patients with and without NPR. Eicosanoid patterns among patients were explored with cluster analysis and evaluated with clinical parameters.

Results

Patients with recurrent NPs had pronounced pre‐surgical levels of nasal 15(S)‐HETE, PGD2 and LTE4. From pre‐surgery to 12 months post‐surgery, NPR was associated with significant decreases of 15(S)‐HETE and PGD2 relative to non‐recurrence, whereas levels of LTE4 decreased at 6 months but increased again at 12 months. Clustering revealed three potential endotypes. Clusters 1 and 3 featured high and low eicosanoid levels, respectively. Cluster 2 had higher levels of LTE4 and PGD2, lower levels of PGE2 and LTB4, and more cases of recurrent NPs and previous NP surgeries.

Conclusion

Elevated nasal LTE4 12 months post‐surgery in NP recurrent subjects suggests that postoperative LTE4 measurements may indicate rapid NP regrowth. A distinct nasal eicosanoid profile may be used for the identification of the most severe recalcitrant patients in need of targeted immunomodulatory therapies.
A BODIPY‐Based 1D Covalent Organic Framework for Photocatalytic Aerobic Oxidation
Authors: Zhao Jianping , Xie Mo , Chen Xu , Jin Ji‐Kang , Zhao Wei , Luo Jie , Ning Guo‐Hong , Liu Junzhi , Li Dan
Published: May 2023

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as metal‐free photocatalysts have attracted extensive interest. However, the organic transformations photocatalyzed by COFs under mild conditions remain a challenge. Herein, a boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) based 1D COF, namely JNM‐12, was facilely constructed by Schiff‐base condensation reaction. JNM‐12 exhibited strong visible‐light harvesting abilities and suitable photocatalysis energy potentials, enabling the activation of O2 to superoxide anions (O2⋅−) and singlet oxygen (1O2) under visible light irradiation. Benefiting from these properties, JNM‐12 delivered excellent photocatalytic activity in the O2⋅−‐mediated oxidative coupling of amines and 1O2‐engaged aerobic oxidation of enamines. Our work paves a new way for synthesis of COFs as efficient, economical, and green photocatalysts for organic synthesis.
To aggregate or not to aggregate – Is it a matter of the ribosome?
Authors: Iben Sebastian
Published: May 2023

Neurodegenerative syndromes present as proteinopathies – does ribosomal infidelity contribute to the protein toxicity that is the driving force for neuronal cell loss? Intracellular and extracellular protein aggregates overwhelm the clearance capacity of cells and tissues. Proteins aggregate when hydrophobic residues are exposed. Hydrophobic residues become exposed when proteins are misfolded. Protein misfolding can originate from translational errors at the ribosome. Indeed, the most error‐prone process in gene expression is translation at the ribosome. Recent evidence indicates that manipulating the ribosomal accuracy impacts on the lifespan of model organisms and a reduced translational accuracy is accompanied by neurodegeneration. The first hit in aging‐associated neurodegenerative disease may be the well‐documented decline of cellular buffering capacity by aging. A second hit that impacts on the quality of protein synthesis could be the driving force for the observed loss of proteostasis in neurodegeneration. This hypothesis provides an explanation for the late onset of most neurodegenerative diseases.
Cellulase mediated stress triggers the mutations of oleaginous yeast Trichosporon cutaneum with super‐large spindle morphology and high lipid accumulation
Authors: Liu Qi , Li Yuanyuan , Hou Weiliang , Zhang Bin , Bao Jie
Published: May 2023

Accumulation of intracellular lipid bodies in oleaginous yeast cells is highly restricted by their natural intracellular space. Here we show a cellulase mediated adaptive evolution with ultra‐centrifugation fractionation of oleaginous yeast Trichosporon cutaneum to obtain the favorable cell structure for lipid accumulation. Cellulase was added to the wheat straw hydrolysate during long‐term adaptive evolution for disruption of cell wall integrity of T. cutaneum cells. The cellulase, together with ultracentrifugation force, triggered multiple mutations and transcriptional expression changes of the functional genes associated with cell wall integrity and lipid synthesis metabolism. The fractionated mutant T. cutaneum YY52 demonstrated the heavily weakened cell wall and high lipid accumulation by the super‐large expanded spindle cells (two orders of magnitude greater than the parental). A record‐high lipid production by T. cutaneum YY52 was achieved (55.4 ± 0.5 g L−1 from wheat straw and 58.4 ± 0.1 g L−1 from corn stover). This study not only obtained an oleaginous yeast strain with industrial application potential for lipid production but also provided a new method for generation of mutant cells with high intracellular metabolite accumulation.
De‐Brominating Flame‐Retardant Polystyrene by Utilizing Basic Oxides in Chemical Recycling
Authors: Kolb Tristan , Schedl Andreas , Kerschbaumer Hannes , Niessner Norbert , Schmidt Hans-Werner , Wilhelmus Bianca
Published: May 2023

Chemical recycling is a method to close the recycling loop for polymers. This is particularly applicable for polystyrene (PS), where the monomer styrene is directly formed by depolymerization and subsequently utilized for the production of new PS. However, some waste sources contain critical additives as legacies, such as brominated flame retardants. There is a profound need to remove these substances from the material, as current thresholds do not allow such additives above certain limits in new products. In this work we present the beneficial use of basic oxides during the thermal depolymerization of a mixture of PS and 1,2,5,6,9,10‐hexabromocyclododecane. It was demonstrated that especially barium oxide and calcium oxide allowed the reduction of bromine up to 96 % in the crude styrene oil.
Shooting for the stars: What are the topics of reviews that affect star ratings?
Authors: Ahmad Shimi Naurin , Richard Marie‐Odile
Published: May 2023

There is evidence that review ratings affect sales; yet little is known about the drivers of the star ratings from the perspective of the customers who have written them. A person who writes a review touches upon many different aspects of the experience. It is intriguing to explore the underlying topics that motivate customers to provide certain star ratings. Although there have been many studies to predict rating, they are mostly data driven. A marketing perspective and a consumer theory driven approach is still in their infancy. This article aims to fill this gap in the literature, and to explore the topics of reviews and their effects in determining the star ratings of a review. Since review rating influences prospective customers, traffic to the site and ultimately sales, examining the topics that make a customer rate a review in a certain manner is theoretically and managerially important.
Well‐Defined Anisotropic Self‐Assembly from Peptoids and Their Biomedical Applications
Authors: Okuno Yota , Iwasaki Yasuhiko
Published: May 2023

Peptoids, or poly(N‐substituted glycine)s, hold great promise in biomedical applications because of their biocompatibility, precise synthesis via conventional peptide‐mimicking methods, and readily tunable side chains, which facilitate the control of hydrophobicity and crystallinity. In the past decade, peptoids have been used to create well‐defined self‐assemblies such as vesicles, micelles, sheets, and tubes, which have been scrutinized at the atomic scale using cutting‐edge analytical techniques. This review highlights recent advancements in peptoid synthesis strategies and the development of noteworthy one‐ or two‐dimensional anisotropic self‐assemblies, i. e., nanotubes and nanosheets, exhibiting well‐ordered molecular arrangements. These anisotropic self‐assemblies are formed through the crystallization of peptoid side chains, which can be effortlessly modified via simple synthesis approaches. Moreover, leveraging the protease resistance of peptoids, various biomedical applications are discussed (including phototherapy, enzymatic mimetics, bio‐imaging, and biosensing) that capitalize on the unique properties of anisotropic self‐assembly.
On the Barton Copper‐Catalyzed C3‐Arylation of Indoles using Triarylbismuth bis(trifluoroacetate) Reagents
Authors: Fnaiche Ahmed , Bueno Bianca , McMullin Claire L. , Gagnon Alexandre
Published: May 2023

Invited for this month′s cover are the collaborating groups of Prof. Alexandre Gagnon at the Université du Québec à Montréal in Canada, and Dr. Claire McMullin at the University of Bath in the UK. The cover picture represents the “Chasse‐galerie”, a popular French‐Canadian tale published by the author Honoré Beaugrand in 1892, adapted with landmarks from Montréal, London, and Bath. The aryl groups are being transferred from a pentavalent triarylbismuth reagent to the C3 position of an indole via a copper‐catalyzed C–H activation mechanism. Cover designed by Lysanne Arseneau. More information can be found in the Research Article by Claire L. McMullin, Alexandre Gagnon, and co‐workers.
Photoswitchable Rhodamine‐Based Multianalyte Sensors for Metal Ion Detection
Authors: Srivastava Anjali , Grewal Surbhi , Singh Sapna , Rajani  , Venkataramani Sugumar
Published: May 2023

We have developed three azobenzene‐core‐based molecular systems decorated with different numbers of rhodamine units as photoswitchable multianalyte sensors. Exploiting the ring‐opening of the spirolactam part of the rhodamine unit, the resulting fluorescence response, and modulation of it through the photoswitching of azobenzene by light, we utilized them in the detection of multiple metal ions (Fe3+, Fe2+, Sn2+ and Al3+). The binding sites, stoichiometry, binding constants, fluorescent lifetimes and limit of detection (LOD) for each probe have been deduced using appropriate spectroscopic techniques. The limit of detection (LOD) of 5 a, 5 b and 5 c for Fe3+ are found to be 4.2×10−7±7.8×10−9 M, 2.2×10−7±4.6×10−9 M and 1.2×10−7±4.6×10−9 M, respectively. The fluorescence response of the metal‐chelated complex can be manipulated effectively by employing the photoswitching ability of azobenzene that makes them useful as chemosensors for various individual metal ions.
Overview of Chemical Methods to Probe RNA Structure with Radionucleotides
Authors: Gupta Mrityunjay , Garfio Chely M. , Spitale Robert C.
Published: May 2023

Structural features of RNA play an important role in its capability to perform various functions in biological systems. To probe structural features, chemical probes are used to conjugate or cleave RNA at solvent‐accessible sites, differentiating between flexible and constrained regions. These conjugates or cleaved products are then detected using reverse transcription (RT), where enzymatic RNA‐dependent DNA primer extension is abruptly halted at the conjugation site or cleavage site. Here, we provide an overview of methods to probe RNA structure in vitro using radioactively labeled DNA primers, which provide a highly sensitive method to visualize RT stop sites with gel electrophoresis. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
A novel wideband fractal‐shaped MIMO antenna for brain and skin implantable biomedical applications
Authors: Kangeyan Rajagopal , Karthikeyan Madurakavi
Published: May 2023

A novel fractal‐shaped wideband multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna is proposed for brain and skin implantable applications. This antenna works in the 2.4–2.48 GHz band of industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) standards. The fractal‐shaped wideband MIMO antenna is miniature in size with a footprint of
. Rogers RT/Duroid 6010 high‐dielectric substrate material is used to fabricate the optimized design in order to validate the implantable MIMO antenna structure. The same high‐permittivity substrate material has been used as a superstrate. Experiments were carried out in brain and skin‐mimicking gel at 2.45 GHz in the ISM band. The proposed antenna has a peak gain of −21.3 dBi at 2.45 GHz. High isolation (>20 dB) between two MIMO ports is attained. The proposed antenna achieves a fractional bandwidth of 36.76% and an impedance bandwidth of 1.02 GHz. According to IEEE safety regulations for 1‐ and 10‐g tissues, the computed maximum specific absorption rate (SAR) is safe bound.
Guidelines on the classification of foot ulcers in people with diabetes (IWGDF 2023 update)
Authors: Monteiro‐Soares Matilde , Hamilton Emma J. , Russell David A. , Srisawasdi Gulapar , Boyko Edward J. , Mills Joseph L. , Jeffcoate William , Game Frances
Published: May 2023

Background

This publication represents a scheduled update of the 2019 guidelines of the International Working Group of the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) addressing the use of systems to classify foot ulcers in people with diabetes in routine clinical practice. The guidelines are based on a systematic review of the available literature that identified 28 classifications addressed in 149 articles and, subsequently, expert opinion using the GRADE methodology.

Methods

First, we have developed a list of classification systems considered as being potentially adequate for use in a clinical setting, through the summary of judgements for diagnostic tests, focussing on the usability, accuracy and reliability of each system to predict ulcer‐related complications as well as use of resources. Second, we have determined, following group debate and consensus, which of them should be used in specific clinical scenarios. Following this process, in a person with diabetes and a foot ulcer we recommend:

for communication among healthcare professionals: to use the SINBAD (Site, Ischaemia, Bacterial infection, Area and Depth) system (first option) or consider using WIfI (Wound, Ischaemia, foot Infection) system (alternative option, when the required equipment and level of expertise is available and it is considered feasible) and in each case the individual variables that compose the systems should be described rather than a total score;

for predicting the outcome of an ulcer in a specific individual: no existing system could be recommended;

for characterising a person with an infected ulcer: the use of the IDSA/IWGDF classification (first option) or consider using the WIfI system (alternative option, when the required equipment and level of expertise is available and it is considered as feasible);

for characterising a person with peripheral artery disease: consider using the WIfI system as a means to stratify healing likelihood and amputation risk;

for the audit of outcome(s) of populations: the use of the SINBAD score.

Conclusions

For all recommendations made using GRADE, the certainty of evidence was judged, at best, as being low. Nevertheless, based on the rational application of current data this approach allowed the proposal of recommendations, which are likely to have clinical utility.
Diagnosis and treatment of active charcot neuro‐osteoarthropathy in persons with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review
Authors: Raspovic Katherine M. , Schaper Nicolaas C. , Gooday Catherine , Bal Arun , Bem Robert , Chhabra Avneesh , Hastings Mary , Holmes Crystal , Petrova Nina L. , Santini Araujo Maria Gala , Senneville Eric , Wukich Dane K.
Published: May 2023

Background

There are uncertainties regarding the diagnostic criteria, optimal treatment methods, interventions, monitoring and determination of remission of Charcot neuro‐osteoarthropathy (CNO) of the foot and ankle in people with diabetes mellitus (DM). The aims of this systematic review are to investigate the evidence for the diagnosis and subsequent treatment, to clarify the objective methods for determining remission and to evaluate the evidence for the prevention of re‐activation in people with CNO, DM and intact skin.

Methods

We performed a systematic review based on clinical questions in the following categories: Diagnosis, Treatment, Identification of Remission and Prevention of Re‐Activation in people with CNO, DM and intact skin. Included controlled studies were assessed for methodological quality and key data from all studies were extracted.

Results

We identified 37 studies for inclusion in this systematic review. Fourteen retrospective and observational studies relevant to the diagnosis of active CNO with respect to clinical examination, imaging and blood laboratory tests in patients with DM and intact skin were included. We identified 18 studies relevant to the treatment of active CNO. These studies included those focused on offloading (total contact cast, removable/non‐removable knee high devices), medical treatment and surgical treatment in the setting of active CNO. Five observational studies were identified regarding the identification of remission in patients who had been treated for active CNO. We did not identify any studies that met our inclusion criteria for the prevention of re‐activation in patients with DM and intact skin who had been previously treated for active CNO and were in remission.

Conclusions

There is a paucity of high‐quality data on the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of active CNO in people with DM and intact skin. Further research is warranted to address the issues surrounding this complex disease.