bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical properties of the vacuolar membrane and cellular factors determine formation of vacuolar invaginations
Authors: Kimura Yoko , Tsuji Takuma , Shimizu Yosuke , Watanabe Yuki , Kimura Masafumi , Fujimoto Toyoshi , Higuchi Miyuki
Published: January 2023

Vacuoles change their morphology in response to stress. In yeast exposed to chronically high temperatures, vacuolar membranes get deformed and invaginations are formed. We show that phase-separation of vacuolar membrane occurred after heat stress leading to the formation of the invagination. In addition, Hfl1, a vacuolar membrane-localized Atg8-binding protein, was found to suppress the excess vacuolar invaginations after heat stress. At that time, Hfl1 formed foci at the neck of the invaginations in wild-type cells, whereas it was efficiently degraded in the vacuole in theatg8Δ mutant. Genetic analysis showed that the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery was necessary to form the invaginations irrespective of Atg8 or Hfl1. In contrast, a combined mutation with the vacuole BAR domain protein Ivy1 led to vacuoles inhfl1Δivy1Δ andatg8Δivy1Δ mutants having constitutively invaginated structures; moreover, these mutants showed stress-sensitive phenotypes. Our findings suggest that vacuolar invaginations result from the combination of changes in the physiochemical properties of the vacuolar membrane and other cellular factors.

Summary statement

Vacuolar invaginations occur through a combination of the changes of physiochemical properties of the vacuolar membrane and other cellular factors in yeast. Particularly, Hfl1 suppresses the excess invaginations.
Maternal prenatal distress exposure negatively associates with the stability of neonatal frontoparietal network
Authors: Tuulari Jetro J. , Rajasilta Olli , Cabral Joana , Kringelbach Morten L. , Karlsson Linnea , Karlsson Hasse
Published: January 2023

Maternal prenatal distress (PD), frequently defined asin uteroprenatal stress exposure (PSE) to the developing fetus, influences the developing brain and numerous associations between PSE and brain structure have been described both in neonates and in older children. Previous studies addressing PSE-linked alterations in neonates’ brain activity have focused on connectivity analyses from predefined seed regions, but the effects of PSE at the level of distributed functional networks remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact of prenatal distress on the spatial and temporal properties of functional networks detected in functional MRI data from 20 naturally sleeping, term-born (age 25.85 ± 7.72 days, 11 males), healthy neonates. First, we performed group level independent component analysis (GICA) to evaluate an association between PD and the spatial configuration of the functional networks. Second, we search for an association with PD at the level of the stability of functional networks over time using leading eigenvector dynamics analysis (LEiDA). No statistically significant associations were detected at the spatial level for the GICA-derived networks. However, at the dynamic level, LEiDA revealed that maternal PD significantly decreased the stability of a frontoparietal network. These results imply that maternal PD may influence the stability of frontoparietal connections in neonatal brain network dynamics and adds to the cumulating evidence that frontal areas are especially sensitive to PSE.
RNA sequencing identifies lung cancer lineage and facilitates drug repositioning
Authors: Zeng Longjin , Zhang Longyao , Li Lingchen , Liao Xingyun , Yin Chenrui , Zhang Lincheng , Chen Xiewan , Sun Jianguo
Published: January 2023

Breakthrough therapies recently improve survival in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), yet we still lack a paradigm to support prospective confirmation. To classify three clusters including bronchioid, neuroendocrine, and squamoid, the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm was first performed at The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and preclinical models. In terms of prognostic value, the squamoid cluster is of poor prognostic factor. The neuroendocrine cluster is characterized by STK11 mutations and 14q13.3 amplifications. From an immunological perspective, the bronchioid cluster is considered an immune activation because of the highest immune-related genetic perturbation. Further analysis is the estimation of the relative cell abundance of the tumor microenvironment (TME), specific cell types can be reflected among three clusters. Meanwhile, the higher portion of immune cell infiltration belonged to bronchioid and squamous, not neuroendocrine cluster. Taken together, the neuroendocrine cluster show resistance to PD-L1 blockade. While pemetrexed or platinum-based therapies are suitable for bronchioid and squamoid clusters, respectively. Our emphasis was on phenotype-based action to explore compounds. Large-scale drug sensitivity databases including ConnectivityMap (CMAP), Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), and Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) were analyzed. MEK inhibitors exhibited resistance in the bronchioid, while sensitive to the squamous cluster. Dinaciclib and alvocidib showed similar activity and sensitivity in the neuroendocrine cluster. A lineage factor named KLF5 recognized by two networks could be suppressed by verteporfin. This work adds to the knowledge of the lung cancer lineage and facilitates drug repositioning.
ChipFilter: Microfluidic Based Comprehensive Sample Preparation Methodology for Metaproteomics
Authors: Ravi Kumar Ranjith Kumar , Ndiaye Massamba Mbacke , Haddad Iman , Vinh Joelle , Verdier Yann
Published: January 2023

Metaproteomic approach is an attractive way to describe a microbiome at the functional level, allowing the identification and quantification of proteins across a broad dynamic range as well as detection of post-translational modifications. However, it remains relatively underutilized, mainly due to technical challenges that should be addressed, including the complexity in extracting proteins from heterogenous microbial communities.

Here, we show that a ChipFilter microfluidic device coupled to LC-MS/MS can successfully be used for identification of microbial proteins. Using cultures ofE. coli, B. subtilisandS. cerevisiae, we have shown that it is possible to directly lyse the cells and digest the proteins in the ChipFilter to allow higher number of proteins and peptides identification than standard protocols, even at low cell density. The peptides produced are overall longer after ChipFilter digestion but show no change in their degree of hydrophobicity. Analysis of a more complex mixture of 17 species from the gut microbiome showed that the ChipFilter preparation was able to identify and estimate the amount of 16 of these species.

These results show that ChipFilter can be used for the proteomic study of microbiomes, in particular in the case of low volume or low cell density.
Mind your own business and communicate the same! – signaling content that makes investors interested
Authors: Singhal Nidhi , Kapur Deepak
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This study aims to understand the impact of underlying theme in the communication on social media on funding received by early-stage start-ups.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on empirical testing of data of 849 start-ups and more than 130K tweets. Machine learning (ML) model has been used for text classification of 130K+ tweets. Causal mediation analysis with bootstrapping is carried out for hypothesis testing.

Findings

Tweets addressing quality-related uncertainty are a predictor of amount of funds raised. Audience response acts as a mediator between tweets focusing on relational orientation and amount of funds raised.

Research limitations/implications

The authors advance signaling theory by theorizing and investigating the importance of signal content. Endogenous signal of quality directly influences the start-ups outcomes, while exogenous signal helps disseminate information and influence the success.

Practical implications

Entrepreneurs should put in concerted effort to reduce uncertainty about the start-ups. Value creation is a central concept for start-ups; however, communicating value should be the dominant part of social media strategy.

Originality/value

Computer-based language processing techniques have amplified the research focused on content. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study that explores underlying themes of communication of start-ups and their impact on acquiring funds.
Successional patterns of terrestrial wildlife following deglaciation
Authors: Sytsma Mira L. T. , Lewis Tania , Bakker Jonathan D. , Prugh Laura R.
Published: January 2023

Disturbance is a key driver of community assembly and patterns of diversity. Whereas successional changes in vegetation have been well‐studied, postdisturbance successional patterns of wildlife communities remain poorly understood.

Here, we investigated the roles of site age and habitat in shaping community assembly and the diversity of terrestrial mammals in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska (GBNP), which has undergone the most rapid and extensive deglaciation in the world since the Little Ice Age. Deglaciation has extensively altered the landscape, opening up new habitat for recolonization by plants and animals.

We used camera traps, small mammal trapping and vegetation surveys to investigate the patterns of mammalian succession and beta diversity following deglaciation, using a space‐for‐time substitution across 10 sites during summers 2017 and 2018. Site age and habitat characteristics were not strongly correlated (r < 0.46), allowing the influences of time since disturbance and habitat changes to be distinguished.

PERMANOVA analyses indicated that mammal community assembly was more strongly influenced by site age than habitat, whereas habitat and age had similar effects on beta (between site) diversity. Beta diversity was higher for smaller, less mobile mammals than larger, more mobile mammals and was primarily driven by species turnover among sites, whereas relative turnover was much lower for larger mammals. A comprehensive review of historical distributions of mammals in GBNP supported our findings that species turnover is a driving influence of community assembly for smaller mammals.

Our results indicate that body size of mammals may play an important role in shaping colonization patterns postdisturbance, likely via size‐related differences in mobility. Patterns of wildlife community assembly may therefore not track vegetation succession following disturbances if there are barriers to movement or if dispersal ability is limited, highlighting the importance of incorporating landscape connectivity and species traits into wildlife conservation efforts following disturbances. This knowledge may improve predictions of mammalian community assembly following major disturbance events.
Waiting during disasters: Negotiating the spatio‐temporalities of resilience and recovery
Authors: Sou Gemma , Howarth Kirsten
Published: January 2023

Always spatial, waiting time is the observation of past‐present‐future, and temporality is the condition of being bounded by time. Both are mechanisms of state governance that control how and when families recover from rapid‐onset humanitarian disasters. Analysing these spatio‐temporalities reveals how families leverage resources to engage in acts of resilience that challenge the state’s spatio‐temporal control of recovery. A case study focuses on the aftermath of Hurricane Maria, which devastated Puerto Rico in 2017. We draw on qualitative longitudinal research to explore politicised spatio‐temporal experiences of waiting for the state to fix public infrastructures; approve financial support; and provide access to affordable consumables—which all shape families’ recovery rates and pathways. Disaster‐affected families do not passively wait for the state and often leverage their incomes and social networks to engage in resilience‐based strategies that ease their everyday lives and enable recovery while waiting for the state. Waiting feels more arduous for families with fewer resources and when there is uncertainty about access to the state and how and when to begin certain recovery activities. Waiting in disasters can also provide space for collective socio‐political practices such as community gardening to emerge in neighbourhoods. For researchers of disasters, this article highlights the spatio‐temporal dimensions of grassroots resilience and the ways in which state power and citizen agency interact in ways that subvert state control of families’ recovery rates in heterogeneous ways. Research on waiting during disasters has great potential to inform and reform governance for resilience and recovery.
What is a static head measurement? Evaluating structural error and implications for regional groundwater modeling
Authors: Abrams Daniel B. , Cullen Cecilia , Ghiami Shomami Fereshteh
Published: January 2023

Most groundwater modelers avoid using static heads measured from active production wells because they can introduce a bias into model calibration. However, in the deep confined Cambrian‐Ordovician Sandstone Aquifer System in the Central Midcontinent of North America, dedicated observation wells are sparse and remote from areas of most concentrated pumping. As a result, in areas where drawdown is the greatest and modeling is most needed, only static heads from production wells are available for calibration. This paper evaluates two leading sources of discrepancies in using production well data, spatial and temporal structural error (S.E.). A simple Theis solution is used to evaluate the potential magnitude of spatial S.E. when calibrating a regional MODFLOW model with coarse cell resolution. Despite theoretical analyses indicating that spatial S.E. could be significant, statistical analysis of the model results suggests that temporal S.E. is dominant. Long (ranging over decades) or frequent (monthly) head datasets are key in understanding temporal S.E., to better capture water‐level variability. In this study, the range in static head observations impacted estimates of the remaining time a well could extract water from the aquifer by 0.1 to 16.0 years. This uncertainty in future water supply is highly relevant to stakeholders and must be assessed in hydrographs depicting risk.
Competition-Based Control of the False Discovery Proportion
Authors: Luo Dong , Ebadi Arya , Emery Kristen , He Yilun , Noble William Stafford , Keich Uri
Published: January 2023

Recently, Barber and Candès laid the theoretical foundation for a general framework for false discovery rate (FDR) control based on the notion of “knockoffs.” A closely related FDR control methodology has long been employed in the analysis of mass spectrometry data, referred to there as “target–decoy competition” (TDC). However, any approach that aims to control the FDR, which is defined as the expected value of the false discovery proportion (FDP), suffers from a problem. Specifically, even when successfully controlling the FDR at level α, the FDP in the list of discoveries can significantly exceed α. We offer FDP-SD, a new procedure that rigorously controls the FDP in the knockoff/TDC competition setup by guaranteeing that the FDP is bounded by α at a desired confidence level. Compared with the recently published framework of Katsevich and Ramdas, FDP-SD generally delivers more power and often substantially so in simulated and real data.
Effects of phonological awareness and morphological awareness on blind students' reading comprehension
Authors: Chen Hongjun , Zhao Ying , Wu Xinchun , Sun Peng , Feng Jie , Xie Ruibo , Wang Haolan
Published: January 2023

The exploration of blind students' reading skills is needed not only for further understanding their reading development but also for providing targeted suggestions for practical education. This study aims to examine the relations among phonological awareness (PA), homograph awareness (HA), compounding awareness (CA) and reading comprehension (RC), and explore the mediating effect of listening comprehension (LC) in Chinese blind students from elementary school. A total of 148 blind and 302 sighted elementary school students completed assessments of PA, HA, CA, LC and RC. The results found that PA, HA and CA were important variables that predicted Chinese blind and sighted students' RC not only directly but also indirectly through LC, which varied across different grades. The findings suggest that there were many similarities that exist in the influencing mechanism of RC between Chinese blind and sighted students.
Case of polypectomy using S‐O clip and over‐the‐scope clip for remnant recurrent sessile serrated lesion involving the appendiceal orifice after appendectomy
Authors: Kamitani Yu , Nonaka Kouichi , Misumi Yoshitsugu
Published: January 2023

Watch a video of this article.
Once‐daily oral atogepant for the long‐term preventive treatment of migraine: Findings from a multicenter, randomized, open‐label, phase 3 trial
Authors: Ashina Messoud , Tepper Stewart J. , Reuter Uwe , Blumenfeld Andrew M. , Hutchinson Susan , Xia Jing , Miceli Rosa , Severt Lawrence , Finnegan Michelle , Trugman Joel M.
Published: January 2023

Objective

To assess long‐term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of once‐daily oral atogepant 60 mg in adults with migraine.

Background

Atogepant is an oral, small‐molecule, calcitonin gene–related peptide receptor antagonist approved for the preventive treatment of episodic migraine.

Methods

A 52‐week, multicenter, randomized, open‐label trial of adults (18–80 years) with migraine. Lead‐in trial completers or newly enrolled participants with 4–14 migraine days/month were enrolled and randomized (5:2) to atogepant 60 mg once daily or oral standard care (SC) migraine preventive medication. The primary objective was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of atogepant; safety assessments included treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), clinical laboratory evaluations, vital signs, and Columbia‐Suicide Severity Rating Scale scores. Efficacy assessments (atogepant only) included change from baseline in mean monthly migraine days (MMDs) and the proportion of participants with reductions from baseline of ≥50%, ≥75%, and 100% in MMDs.

Results

The trial included 744 participants randomized to atogepant 60 mg (n = 546) or SC (n = 198). The atogepant safety population was 88.2% female (n = 479/543) with a mean (standard deviation) age of 42.5 (12.0) years. TEAEs occurred in 67.0% (n = 364/543) of participants treated with atogepant 60 mg. The most commonly reported TEAEs (≥5%) were upper respiratory tract infection (10.3%; 56/543), constipation (7.2%; 39/543), nausea (6.3%; 34/543), and urinary tract infection (5.2%; 28/543). Serious TEAEs were reported in 4.4% (24/543) for atogepant. Mean (standard error) change in MMDs for atogepant was −3.8 (0.1) for weeks 1–4 and −5.2 (0.2) at weeks 49–52. Similarly, the proportion of participants with ≥50%, ≥75%, and 100% reductions in MMDs increased from 60.4% (310/513), 37.2% (191/513), and 20.7% (106/513) at weeks 1–4 to 84.2% (282/335), 69.9% (234/335), and 48.4% (162/335), at weeks 49–52.

Conclusion

Daily use of oral atogepant 60 mg for preventive treatment of migraine during this 1‐year, open‐label trial was safe, well tolerated, and efficacious.
Post‐vaccination headache reporting: Trends according to the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System
Authors: Cocores Alexandra N. , Goadsby Peter J. , Monteith Teshamae S.
Published: January 2023

Objective

To assess the characteristics and associated disability of headache as an adverse event following vaccination.

Background

According to clinical trials and post‐licensure surveillance, headache is a common symptom of vaccines, yet systematic investigations of post‐licensure reports of this adverse event are lacking.

Methods

This was a retrospective database analysis study. We searched the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) database completed from July 1990 to June 2020 (a 30‐year period prior to the start of COVID‐19 pandemic) to identify reports of headache. We evaluated epidemiological features, including event characteristics, patient demographics, and vaccine type.

Results

In those aged 3 years or older, headache was the fifth most reported adverse symptom, present in 8.1% (43,218/536,120) of all reports. Of headache reports, 96.3% (41,635/43,218) included the code “headache” not further specified. Migraine was coded in 1973 cases, although almost one‐third (12,467/41,808; 29.8%) of headache reports without a migraine code mention nausea or vomiting. The onset of symptoms was within 1 day of vaccination in over two‐thirds of cases. The majority of reports were classified as not serious; about one‐third involved emergency room or office visits. Of the 43,218 total headache reports, only a minority involved hospitalizations (2624; 6.1%) or permanent disability (1091; 2.5%), females accounted for 68.9% (29,771) and males for 29.5% (12,725), patients aged 6 to 59 years represented 67.3% (29,112), and over one‐third of cases were reported after herpes zoster (8665; 20.1%) and influenza (6748; 15.6%) vaccinations.

Conclusion

In a national surveillance system, headache was a commonly reported post‐vaccination adverse event; a small subset of reports was considered serious. The development of standardized vaccine‐related case definitions could be useful for better evaluating headache as an adverse event during vaccine development, and may reduce vaccine hesitancy especially in headache‐prone individuals.
Socioeconomic and geographic inequalities in headache disability in Brazil: The 2019 National Health Survey
Authors: Oliveira Arão , Bensenor Isabela , Goulart Alessandra , Mercante Juliane , Peres Mario
Published: January 2023

Objective

To map the socioeconomic and geographic inequalities in headache disability in Brazil.

Background

Headache disability and its social determinants are poorly investigated in Brazil.

Methods

This is a secondary, cross‐sectional analysis of the 2019 National Health Survey database, a representative sample of the Brazilian population. Working‐aged Brazilians (aged ≥14 years) were included in the analyses (n = 225,563). Headache disability was inquired through questions on the number of days the respondent was unable to perform customary daily activities in the past 2 weeks. Proportion estimates and the mean days lost were compared between socioeconomic categories. Sample weights were used.

Results

Among 14 disease‐related disability groups, headache disability (n = 1228) was the second most prevalent disability in adolescents and fifth among adults aged <50 years. In the headache disability sample, there was a higher proportion of females at 72.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 68.5%–75.9%), with a mean (95% CI) age of 41.1 (40.1–42.0) years and days lost due to disability of 3.4 (3.2–3.6) days. The sociodemographic distribution across income strata (quartiles) of the headache disability sample showed the highest proportions at the lowest income quartile in the Northeast region (15.4%, 95% CI 12.8%–18.4%), for people of Brown color (17.5%, 95% CI 14.7%–20.7%), and with the lowest education level (l3.6%, 95% CI 11.3%–16.2%). Black people, those from the North region, and those with the lowest education level had more days lost than White people (mean [95% CI] 4.1 [3.5–4.6] vs. 3.1 [2.8–3.4] days, p = 0.008), those from the Southeast region (mean [95% CI] 3.8 [3.4–4.2] vs. 2.8 [2.4–3.3] days, p = 0.022), and people with the highest education level (mean [95% CI] 3.9 [3.6–4.2] vs. 2.8 [2.3–3.3] days, p = 0.005), respectively.

Conclusion

In Brazil, headache disability is one of the leading causes of disability and it is characterized by socioeconomic inequalities.
Cutaneous lichenoid drug eruptions: A narrative review evaluating demographics, clinical features and culprit medications
Authors: Maul Julia‐Tatjana , Guillet Carole , Oschmann Anna , Maul Lara Valeska , Meier‐Schiesser Barbara , Stadler Pia‐Charlotte , French Lars E. , Kerl Katrin
Published: January 2023

Cutaneous lichenoid drug eruptions (LDE) are adverse drug reactions (ADR) characterized by symmetric, erythematous, violaceous papules reminiscent but rarely fully characteristic of lichen planus (LP). We aimed to analyse the literature describing cases of LDE within the last 20 years to provide additional insight into culprit drugs, typical latency to onset of the eruption, the spectrum of clinical presentations, severity and management. A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE between January 2000 and 27 January 2021. The keywords ‘lichenoid drug rash’ and ‘lichenoid drug eruption’ were used. Cases were included if LDE diagnosis was made, and culprit drugs were identified. A total of 323 cases with LDE were identified from 163 published case reports and studies. The mean patient age was 58.5 years (1 month to 92 years), and 135 patients (41.8%) were female. Checkpoint inhibitors (CKI) were the most frequently reported culprit drugs (136 cases; 42.1%), followed by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) (39 cases; 12.0%) and anti‐TNF‐α‐monoclonal antibodies (13 cases; 4.0%). The latency between initiation of the drug and manifestation was 15.7 weeks (range: 0.1–208 weeks). After discontinuing the culprit drug, the median time to resolution was 14.2 weeks (range: 0.71–416 weeks). One hundred thirty‐six patients (42.1%) were treated with topical, and 54 patients (16.7%) with systemic glucocorticoids. Overall, we conclude that, albeit rare, LDE is challenging to diagnose ADR induced by mostly CKI, TKI, and biologics. Treatment modalities resemble that of lichen planus, and the culprit drugs had to be discontinued in only 26%, which is low compared with other types of adverse drug reactions. This is probably due to the low risk of aggravation (e.g. toxic epidermal necrolysis) if the drug is continued and the benefit/risk ratio favouring the drug, as is often the case in cancer therapy.
“Advocating for what we need”: A CBPR approach to advance care planning in the Latinx older adult community
Authors: Nouri Sarah , Tan Charissa H. , Rangel Mirella , Wertz Molly , Sanchez Adriana , Alvarado Aurora , Arreola Erika , Quinn Mara , Pantilat Steven Z. , Lyles Courtney R. , Ritchie Christine S. , Sudore Rebecca L.
Published: January 2023

Background

Advance care planning (ACP) is low among Latinx older adults. We used community‐based participatory research (CBPR) to identify ACP barriers/facilitators and design community‐based ACP events.

Methods

In partnership with community‐based organizations, clinicians, and local government, we formed a Latinx Community Committee (n = 13 community members). We then conducted 6 focus groups with Latinx‐identifying, English or Spanish‐speaking older adults (age ≥ 55), caregivers, and community leaders to assess ACP barriers/facilitators. We analyzed transcripts using thematic analysis and, based on these learnings, designed and implemented community‐based ACP events. Using a validated survey, we assessed acceptability and pre‐to‐post‐event ACP readiness (4‐point scale; 4 = most ready; 0.2 change considered meaningful) with Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests.

Results

Focus groups included 10 Spanish‐speaking older adults, 8 caregivers, and 10 community leaders. Themes highlighted the importance of ACP (e.g., means of advocacy), barriers (e.g., how to start conversations), and facilitators (e.g., trusted community spaces) in the Latinx community. Ninety‐seven people attended 5 events targeting 3 Latinx populations (LGBTQI+, intergenerational, and older adults broadly). Overall pre‐to‐post‐event ACP readiness increased (2.62 (SD 0.97) to 2.95 (SD 0.93); p = 0.05). Readiness to document wishes increased significantly (2.44 (SD 1.0) to 2.98 (SD 0.95); p = 0.003). Most reported being comfortable attending events (85%) and would recommend them to others (90%).

Conclusions

This study describes a feasible, acceptable, and effective CBPR ACP intervention. Co‐developed community events represent a promising approach to reducing disparities in ACP among the Latinx population.
Combining novel trait and neurocognitive frameworks to parse heterogeneity in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Hanegraaf Lauren , Paton Bryan , Hohwy Jakob , Verdejo‐Garcia Antonio
Published: January 2023

Objective

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) diagnosis comprises several constellations of trait, neurocognitive, and psychosocial alterations. Dimensional models of psychopathology provide new opportunities to parse heterogeneity and create a stronger interface between individual characterization and psychosocial outcomes. However, dimensional models have focused on either traits or neurocognitive features, lacking integration to capture the multifaceted nature of BPD.

Method

We assessed 100 participants with BPD using a combination of tools stemming from trait (Alternative Model for Personality Disorders) and neurocognitive models (Research Domain Criteria; RDoC) to examine if trait‐derived subgroups display distinctive social‐processing and psychosocial profiles. We used two complementary analytical approaches: person‐centered (k‐means clustering) and construct‐based (multiple factor analysis).

Results

Our person‐centered approach identified four subgroups with separable internalizing, detached, externalizing, and low psychopathology trait profiles. These profiles revealed distinctive patterns of affiliation, emotion recognition and mentalization performance in RDoC tasks, and psychosocial measures of quality of life and social connectedness. RDoC‐based measures showed close construct proximity with negative affectivity, disinhibition, and antagonism trait domains, relative to the detachment domain, which had close proximity with self‐knowledge.

Conclusions

Altogether, findings support consilience between trait‐based and neurobiological frameworks and suggest that trait models are useful to parse BPD heterogeneity leading to unique social functioning profiles.
How and why people want to be more moral
Authors: Sun Jessie , Wilt Joshua , Meindl Peter , Watkins Hanne M. , Goodwin Geoffrey P.
Published: January 2023

Objective

What types of moral improvements do people wish to make? Do they hope to become more good, or less bad? Do they wish to be more caring? More honest? More loyal? And why exactly do they want to become more moral? Presumably, most people want to improve their morality because this would benefit others, but is this in fact their primary motivation? Here, we begin to investigate these questions.

Method

Across two large, preregistered studies (N = 1818), participants provided open‐ended descriptions of one change they could make in order to become more moral; they then reported their beliefs about and motives for this change.

Results

In both studies, people most frequently expressed desires to improve their compassion and more often framed their moral improvement goals in terms of amplifying good behaviors than curbing bad ones. The strongest predictor of moral motivation was the extent to which people believed that making the change would have positive consequences for their own well‐being.

Conclusions

Together, these studies provide rich descriptive insights into how ordinary people want to be more moral, and show that they are particularly motivated to do so for their own sake.
Genomic and phenotypic signatures of bacteriophage coevolution with the phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae
Authors: Hernandez Catherine A. , Delesalle Véronique A. , Krukonis Greg P. , DeCurzio Jenna M. , Koskella Britt
Published: January 2023

The rate and trajectory of evolution in an obligate parasite is critically dependent on those of its host(s). Adaptation to a genetically homogeneous host population should theoretically result in specialization, while adaptation to an evolving host population (i.e., coevolution) can result in various outcomes including diversification, range expansion, and/or local adaptation. For viruses of bacteria (bacteriophages, or phages), our understanding of how evolutionary history of the bacterial host(s) impacts viral genotypic and phenotypic evolution is currently limited. In this study, we used whole genome sequencing and two different metrics of phage impacts to compare the genotypes and phenotypes of lytic phages that had either coevolved with or were repeatedly passaged on an unchanging (ancestral) strain of the phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Genomes of coevolved phages had more mutations than those of phages passaged on a constant host, and most mutations were in genes encoding phage tail‐associated proteins. Phages from both passaging treatments shared some phenotypic outcomes, including range expansion and divergence across replicate populations, but coevolved phages were more efficient at reducing population growth (particularly of sympatric coevolved hosts). Genotypic similarity correlated with infectivity profile similarity in coevolved phages, but not in phages passaged on the ancestral host. Overall, while adaptation to either host type (coevolving or ancestral) led to divergence in phage tail proteins and infectivity patterns, coevolution led to more rapid molecular changes that increased bacterial killing efficiency and had more predictable effects on infectivity range. Together, these results underscore the important role of hosts in driving viral evolution and in shaping the genotype–phenotype relationship.
The benefits and costs of U.S. employer COVID‐19 vaccine mandates
Authors: Ferranna Maddalena , Robinson Lisa A. , Cadarette Daniel , Eber Michael R. , Bloom David E.
Published: January 2023

In 2021, the Biden Administration issued mandates requiring COVID‐19 vaccinations for U.S. federal employees and contractors and for some healthcare and private sector workers. These mandates have been challenged in court; some have been halted or delayed. However, their costs and benefits have not been rigorously appraised. This study helps fill that gap. We estimate the direct costs and health‐related benefits that would have accrued if these vaccination requirements had been implemented as intended. Compared with the January 2022 vaccination rates, we find that the mandates could have led to 15 million additional vaccinated individuals, increasing the overall proportion of the fully vaccinated U.S. population from 64% to 68%. The associated net benefits depend on the subsequent evolution of the pandemic—information unavailable ex ante to analysts or policymakers. In scenarios involving the emergence of a novel, more transmissible variant, against which vaccination and previous infection offer moderate protection, the estimated net benefits are potentially large. They reach almost $20,000 per additional vaccinated individual, with more than 20,000 total deaths averted over the 6‐month period assessed. In scenarios involving a fading pandemic, existing vaccination‐acquired or infection‐acquired immunity provides sufficient protection, and the mandates’ benefits are unlikely to exceed their costs. Thus, mandates may be most useful when the consequences of inaction are catastrophic. However, we do not compare the effects of mandates with alternative policies for increasing vaccination rates or for promoting other protective measures, which may receive stronger public support and be less likely to be overturned by litigation.
Mathematics and science teacher educators' use of representations of practice: A mixed methods study
Authors: Austin Christine K. , Kosko Karl W. , Heisler Jennifer L.
Published: January 2023

This study sought to explore math and science teacher educators' use of various media to represent practice within methods courses. There is little understanding of why certain media is used over other representations and the rationale for these choices. Specifically, the study focused on the prevalence and familiarity of teacher educators with comics and animations, standard videos, and 360 videos. This mixed methods study utilized a survey and interviews to ascertain math and science teacher educators' level of familiarity and perceived usefulness of representations of practice. Results indicate that standard video is by far the most used representation of practice in methods classes with three themes explaining this finding: access to representations of practice, dimensions of representation, and pertinacity of using representations. Familiarity with representations of practice relates to teacher educators' perceptions of access thereby indicating a need for teacher educators to have better access to representations. Implications of this study include supporting current literature about the relationship between the level of familiarity and perceived usefulness in media along with the potential need for a central platform that houses these representations of practice resources for teacher educators.
Leakage Flow Impact on Shrouded Stator Cavity Flow Topology and Associated High-Speed Axial Compressor Stage Performance
Authors: Babin Cedric , Ottavy Xavier , Fontaneto Fabrizio
Published: January 2023

This paper presents the investigation of realistic cavity leakage flow for the von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics H25 axial compressor stage, equipped with a shroud cavity of average Reynolds number Rer = 2.2 * 106 and average aspect ratio G = 0.06. On top of overall performance measurements, time averaged data from unprecedented experimental dataset are used to characterize the stator hub shroud cavity flow field and its interaction with the power stream. The sensitivity of the stage performance and stability as well as the cavity flow topology is evaluated against injection conditions, compressor throttling, and compressor speed. Parametric steady RANS simulations of the stage under injection are used to support the findings and state on the relevance of such approach in the preliminary design phase of axial compressor components. As an example, a stage efficiency reduction of 0.97% for a leakage fraction of 0.56% at design point is retrieved. This performance drop is attributed to the effect of cavity flow on: the blockage ratio, the boundary layer skewness, and total temperature increase at stator row inlet. It is also presented that there is a mutual interaction between the cavity geometry and the cavity flow field organization. The injection homogenizes the cavity flow field and the associated pressure gradient. The various operating conditions presented also demonstrate that the cavity flow studied is, on average (i.e., time), sensitive to changes in compressor rotation speed and changes in stage loading.
Evaluating the “Optimal Competition Parenting Workshop” Using the RE-AIM Framework: A 4-Year Organizational-Level Intervention in British Junior Tennis
Authors: Thrower Sam N. , Spray Christopher M. , Harwood Chris G.
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the current study was to utilize the RE-AIM (i.e., reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) framework to evaluate the national-level scale-out of the Lawn Tennis Association’s “Optimal Competition Parenting Workshop” (OCPW) across a 4-year period. During 2018, 65 workshops were run across the United Kingdom, 1,043 parents registered, and 933 parents attended. Adopting a quasi-experimental design, multilevel analyses revealed significant increases in parents’ (n = 130) task goal orientation and competition tennis parenting efficacy, as well as significant decreases in ego goal orientation and unpleasant emotions. Children’s perceptions of both mother- and father-initiated ego-involving motivational climate and their own ego goal orientation significantly decreased across time. From 2019 to 2021, a further 64 workshops were delivered to 1,110 parents with no significant differences in parents’ satisfaction, enjoyment, instructor evaluation, or transfer intention over time when compared against workshop evaluations in 2018. Overall, the OCPW represents a well-received, practical, and effective brief intervention for enhancing parental involvement in junior tennis.
“It’s Avoiding Getting Sued for Concussion for Those Kids”: Pedagogical Responses of Youth Soccer Coaches to New Guidelines on Heading
Authors: Barnes Colin S. , Curtner-Smith Matthew D.
Published: January 2023

Purpose: To describe nine youth soccer coaches’ pedagogical responses to the implementation of the new guidelines on heading introduced by the United States Soccer Federation. The specific research questions we attempted to answer were: (a) What were the coaches’ perspectives and practices regarding the coaching of heading? and (b) What factors shaped the coaches’ perspectives and practices? Method: The theoretical framework employed was occupational socialization. Data were collected using four qualitative techniques and reduced to themes using analytic induction and constant comparison. Findings: Key findings were that the coaches fell into one of three groups: rejectors, acceptors, and skeptics. Differences in the coaches’ acculturation, professional socialization, and organizational socialization were responsible for the coaches’ differing responses to the new guidelines on heading. Conclusions: Should they transfer to other coaches, these findings should help coach educators to develop stronger programs.
Chicken Production and Human Clinical
Escherichia coli
Isolates Differ in Their Carriage of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Factors
Authors: Woyda Reed , Oladeinde Adelumola , Abdo Zaid
Published: January 2023

Pathogenic
Escherichia coli
causes disease in both humans and food-producing animals.
E. coli
pathogenesis is dependent on a repertoire of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes. Food-borne outbreaks are highly associated with the consumption of undercooked and contaminated food products.
Identification of Cartilaginous Fish Endogenous Foamy Virus Rooting to Vertebrate Counterparts
Authors: Wang Xiaojing , Chen Yicong , Cui Jie
Published: January 2023

Although foamy viruses (FVs) have been found in major branches of vertebrates, the presence of these viruses in cartilaginous fish, the most basal living vertebrates with jaws, remains to be explored. This study revealed a collection of cartilaginous endogenous FVs in sharks and rays through
in silico
genomic mining.
Near-Complete Genome Sequences of Three Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e Isolates Obtained from Cattle and Pigs in Thailand in 2016
Authors: Fukai Katsuhiko , Nishi Tatsuya , Kato Tomoko , Kawaguchi Rie , Seeyo Kingkarn Boonsuya , Morioka Kazuki
Published: January 2023

Here, we report near-complete genome sequences of three foot-and-mouth disease viruses isolated in 2016 from bovine and porcine epithelial tissue samples collected in Nonthaburi, Songkhla, and Ratchaburi provinces, Thailand. These viruses were classified as serotype O, topotype ME-SA, and sublineage Ind-2001e.
A Laccase Gene Reporting System That Enables Genetic Manipulations in a Brown Rot Wood Decomposer Fungus
Gloeophyllum trabeum
Authors: Li Weiran , Ayers Charles , Huang Weiping , Schilling Jonathan S. , Cullen Daniel , Zhang Jiwei
Published: January 2023

One of the most ubiquitous types of decomposers in nature, brown rot fungi, has lacked robust genetic tools by which to manipulate genes and understand its biology. Brown rot fungi are primary decomposers in northern forests helping recycle the encased carbons in trees back to ecosystem.
Supplemental Material: Rock surface luminescence dating of gravel determines the age of a glacial outburst megaflood, Glacial Lake Missoula, Montana, USA
Authors: Smith Larry N. , al. et
Published: January 2023

Instrumentation, methods, environmental dose rates, and luminescence measurements, Figures S1–S7, and Tables S1 and S2. 
Supplemental Material: Syntectonic sediment loading and fold-thrust belt structural architecture: An example from the central Appalachians (USA)
Authors: Evans M.A.
Published: January 2023

Table S1: Fluid-inclusion data and estimated overburden.
Supplemental Material: Paleoclimate controls on lithium enrichment in Great Basin Pliocene–Pleistocene lacustrine clays
Authors: Gagnon Catherine A. , et al.
Published: January 2023

Figure S1: Age Model with Halite Slumps. Figure S2: EXP2 Time series with weathering indices. Figure S3: CIA ternary diagram. Table S1: EXP2 age constraints. Table S2: EXP2 samples and data table. Table S3: Zircon U-Pb data. Table S4: 40Ar/39Ar data. Table S5: Fish Lake Valley age constraints. Table S6: Fish Lake Valley samples and data table Table S7: Modern water samples.
Long-range Multiparticle Interactions Induced by Neutrino Exchange in Neutron Star Matter
Authors: Krivoruchenko M. I.
Published: January 2023

Forces with a large radius of interaction can have a significant impact on the equation of state of matter. Low-mass neutrinos generate a long-range potential due to the exchange of neutrino pairs. We discuss a possible relationship between the neutrino masses, which determine the interaction radius of the neutrino-pair exchange potential, and the equation of state of neutron matter. Contrary to previous statements, the thermodynamic potential, when decomposed into the number of neutrino interactions, vanishes in any decomposition order, except for the interaction of two neutrons. In the one-loop approximation, long-range multiparticle neutrino interactions are stable in the infrared region for all neutrino masses and do not affect the equation of state of neutron matter or the stability of neutron stars.
Prevalence of, and factors associated with, diabetes mellitus in people with severe mental illness attending a multidisciplinary, outpatient cardiometabolic health assessment service
Authors: Lambert Tim , Middleton Tim , Chen Roger , Sureshkumar Premala
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Evaluate the prevalence of, and factors associated with, diabetes in people with severe mental illness (SMI) attending the Collaborative Centre for Cardiometabolic Health in Psychosis (ccCHiP) tertiary referral clinics.

Research design and methods

Adult patients attending an initial ccCHiP clinic consultation (2014–2019) were studied. Diabetes was defined by an hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%, fasting blood glucose of ≥7.0 mmol/L, or a self-reported diagnosis of diabetes and prescription of antihyperglycemic medication.

Results

Over 5 years, 1402 individuals attended a baseline consultation. Mean age of 43.9±12.8 years, 63.1% male and 63.5% had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Prevalence of diabetes was 23.0% (n=322); an additional 19.5% fulfilled criteria for pre-diabetes. Of those with diabetes, 15.8% were newly diagnosed. Of those with pre-existing diabetes, 84.5% were receiving treatment with antihyperglycemic medication. Over 94% of individuals with diabetes had dyslipidemia; half were current smokers; and 46.4% reported sedentary behavior. On multivariate analysis, diabetes was associated with older age, Aboriginal, Indian or Middle Eastern maternal ethnicity, elevated waist-to-height ratio, family history of diabetes and use of antipsychotic medication.

Conclusion

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in this multiethnic cohort with SMI is significantly higher than the Australian population. Targeted interventions via an assertive integrated approach are required to optimize cardiometabolic health in this population.