bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hello (more-than-human) World. Prototyping an Internet of Things for water with the project wildthings.io
Authors: Bachler Birgit
Published: June 2021

Departing from the concept of an Internet of Things as a means to give voice to non-human ‘things’, this thesis examines the development of experimental prototypes for grassroots, community-run digital networks and DIY electronic devices as artistic interventions, as an exploration of how design communities can learn from the more-than-human world when building networked media. Since its emergence in the early 1990s, the ‘Internet of Things’ (IoT)—which imagines a global network infrastructure, in which physical ‘things’ are connected to the Internet—has mainly developed around human, market- and technology- driven concerns, where ‘smart’ devices are employed to make daily lives easier. While the current vision of an IoT is largely dominated by human intentions, this design research reconsiders an IoT which amplifies the voices of non-human ‘things’, and proposes avenues to shift focus from a human-centred to a more-than-human-centred design paradigm.

With a focus on wai/water, this design research engaged with local stream ecologies in Pōneke/Wellington that have largely disappeared from the cityscape, having been piped underground due to urban development. Data collected during fieldwork combines a variety of knowledges through interviews, observations, and immersions, as well as audio and video field recordings and sensor data, such as GPS, humidity, conductivity, and temperature. This intersection of knowledges inspired and informed the creation of design artefacts to learn how the more-than-human world can inform and inspire the development of networked media.

Creative outputs were openly documented in an online repository and concluded in the network installation “Papawai Transmissions”, which imagined novel ways of understanding and (re-) connecting with disconnected streams, their communities, and their ecosystems in urban Aotearoa/New Zealand. The research narrative of this thesis is presented in a combination of written word and audio-visual materials to make audible the many voices recorded during the lab- and fieldwork.

The research revealed how methods of slowness, seamfulness and openness—despite standing in contrast with the domination of quick development cycles in industry—provide opportunities for unheard voices to contribute towards more sustainable ways of designing networks within a more-than-human context.
Processing Mechanisms Of Eye-Head Cues And Eye-Finger-Pointing Cues In The Dot-Perspective Task
Authors:   , Fan Cong
Published: June 2021

Calculating others’ visual perspective automatically is a pivotal ability in human’s social communications. In the dot-perspective task, the ability is shown as a consistency effect: adults respond more slowly to judge the number of discs that they can see when a computer-generated avatar sees fewer discs. The implicit mentalising account attributes the effect to relatively automatic tracking of others’ visual perspectives. However, the submentalising account attributes the effect to domain-general attentional orienting. Accordingly, three studies were conducted to elucidate the ongoing implicit mentalising vs. submentalising debate.

Study 1 (comprising Experiments 1 and 2) replicated the consistency effect either when real-human-face or spatial layout of discs was considered. Study 2 (comprising of Experiments 3 and 4) dissociated two accounts by manipulating real human’s facial cues. In Experiment 3, using a new visual access manipulation (i.e., a black rectangle placed on an agent’s eyes for rendering an invisible condition), a consistency effect was induced for eyes-opened but not eyes-covered faces with head direction, suggesting implicit mentalising. Experiment 4 firstly compared implicit mentalising (via consistency effect in the dot-perspective task) with attentional orienting (via a cue-validity effect in Posner task) when manipulating eye-head cues (head-front-gaze-averted versus head-turned-gaze-maintained). Neither effect was modulated by eye-head-related directional cue, but the cue-validity effect’s elicitation seemed to be related to the directional cue’s dynamic property. Overall, implicit mentalising as revealed in consistency effect cannot be purely reduced to attentional-orienting-related submentalising processes.

Study 3 (comprising of Experiments 5 to 7) further clarified the debate by considering the agent’s different body cues. Experiment 5 extended the findings of Experiment 4 by generating a new eye-head-cue comparison (head-front-gaze-averted vs. head-turned-gaze-averted). Directional cue modulated cue-validity effect but not consistency effect, favouring Study 2’s conclusion. Experiment 6 adopted a new body-cue-manipulation (gaze-averted vs. finger-pointing). Both cue-validity and consistency effects were elicited for finger-pointing but not gaze-averted agents, supporting submentalising. Experiment 7 combined finger-pointing with visual access’s manipulation (eyes-opened vs. eyes-covered) on the dot-perspective task. Visual access did not modulate the consistency effect when finger-pointing was simultaneously displayed, supporting submentalising. Altogether, gaze aversion cues appear to play a dominant role in moderating implicit mentalising on the dot-perspective task, but the process may be interfered by the easily-discriminable finger-pointing cues via an attentional orienting mechanism.
PROCESSING MECHANISMS OF EYE-HEAD CUES AND EYE-FINGER-POINTING CUES IN THE DOT-PERSPECTIVE TASK
Authors: Fan Cong
Published: June 2021

Calculating others’ visual perspective automatically is a pivotal ability in human’s social communications. In the dot-perspective task, the ability is shown as a consistency effect: adults respond more slowly to judge the number of discs that they can see when a computer-generated avatar sees fewer discs. The implicit mentalising account attributes the effect to relatively automatic tracking of others’ visual perspectives. However, the submentalising account attributes the effect to domain-general attentional orienting. Accordingly, three studies were conducted to elucidate the ongoing implicit mentalising vs. submentalising debate.

Study 1 (comprising Experiments 1 and 2) replicated the consistency effect either when real-human-face or spatial layout of discs was considered. Study 2 (comprising of Experiments 3 and 4) dissociated two accounts by manipulating real human’s facial cues. In Experiment 3, using a new visual access manipulation (i.e., a black rectangle placed on an agent’s eyes for rendering an invisible condition), a consistency effect was induced for eyes-opened but not eyes-covered faces with head direction, suggesting implicit mentalising. Experiment 4 firstly compared implicit mentalising (via consistency effect in the dot-perspective task) with attentional orienting (via a cue-validity effect in Posner task) when manipulating eye-head cues (head-front-gaze-averted versus head-turned-gaze-maintained). Neither effect was modulated by eye-head-related directional cue, but the cue-validity effect’s elicitation seemed to be related to the directional cue’s dynamic property. Overall, implicit mentalising as revealed in consistency effect cannot be purely reduced to attentional-orienting-related submentalising processes.

Study 3 (comprising of Experiments 5 to 7) further clarified the debate by considering the agent’s different body cues. Experiment 5 extended the findings of Experiment 4 by generating a new eye-head-cue comparison (head-front-gaze-averted vs. head-turned-gaze-averted). Directional cue modulated cue-validity effect but not consistency effect, favouring Study 2’s conclusion. Experiment 6 adopted a new body-cue-manipulation (gaze-averted vs. finger-pointing). Both cue-validity and consistency effects were elicited for finger-pointing but not gaze-averted agents, supporting submentalising. Experiment 7 combined finger-pointing with visual access’s manipulation (eyes-opened vs. eyes-covered) on the dot-perspective task. Visual access did not modulate the consistency effect when finger-pointing was simultaneously displayed, supporting submentalising. Altogether, gaze aversion cues appear to play a dominant role in moderating implicit mentalising on the dot-perspective task, but the process may be interfered by the easily-discriminable finger-pointing cues via an attentional orienting mechanism.
New Characteristics of College Students’ Ideological Dynamics and Innovation of Ideological and Political Education Methods based on Psychological Education
Authors: Jiang Haixin
Published: June 2021

Under the influence of social environment, the ideological dynamics of college students have tremendously changed. Among them, the biggest change is that the psychological reception mechanism is very different from the level of self-cognition. Since the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the state has formed an agenda to strengthen the ideological and political education in colleges and universities, among which, it is important to reinforce humanistic care and psychological counseling. Mental health education is inextricably linked to the ideological and political education in colleges and universities. Therefore, this article begins in the perspective of psychological education, analyzes the ideological dynamic characteristics of college students, summarizes effective principles and important measures of ideological and political education innovation methods in order to maximize the constructive role of ideological and political education.
A Probe into the Talent Training Mode of Vocational Colleges with “1+X” Certificate System based on Credit Bank
Authors: Ling Jinghui , Chen Daozhi
Published: June 2021

Based on credit bank, the “1+X” certificate system is a “flyover” for learners to interchange between the academic and vocational education. It is a significant innovation to promote high-quality vocational education development and enhance the influence of national vocational education. Vocational colleges can implement “1+X” certificate system via the credit bank and in turn, the popularization of the “1+X” certificate system would enrich and improve the former. China’s development of the credit bank and the existing research on the “1+X” certificate system are analyzed to look for a way in the collaboration of credit bank and the “1+X” certificate system. The firm collaboration as well as the connection and optimization between government, schools, and enterprises as one body form a new talent training mode with the “1+X” certificate system that integrates academy and certificates as well as involving both, schools and enterprises according to China’s credit bank concept.
An Empirical Analysis of the Efficient Market Hypothesis in China’s Stock Market
Authors: Xu Jiaxuan
Published: June 2021

The efficient market hypothesis is one of the most important theories in finance. According to this hypothesis, in a stock market with sound laws, good functions, high transparencies, and extensive competitions, all valuable information is timely, accurately, and fully reflected in the trend of stock prices including the current and future values of enterprises. Unless there are market manipulations, it would be impossible for investors to gain more above the average profits in the market by analyzing former prices. Since the efficient market hypothesis has been introduced, it has become an interest in the empirical research of the security market. It is one of the most controversial investment theories and there are many evidences supporting and also opposing this hypothesis. Nevertheless, this hypothesis still holds an important status in the basic framework of mainstream theories in modern financial markets. By analyzing simulated investment transactions in regard to stock trading of three different enterprises, this paper verified that the efficient market hypothesis is partially valid.
Role of Political Instability in Attracting FDI Inflow to Pakistan
Authors: Jan Dil , Sibt e Ali Muhammad , Taqi Muhammad , Parveen Sabiha
Published: June 2021

Purpose:  The reason of this study is to recognize the impact of key determinants of overseas direct asset in case of Pakistan, based on annual information covering the period of 1981-2018.

Design/Methodology/Approach: After checking for still of the sequence, the technique of ARDL is used for estimation of long run parameters estimates and error alteration instrument for short run dynamics.

Findings: The results of the study indicate that politically stable environment and long term policies are necessary to attract foreign investors. furthermore, investment profile of any government also matter for direct asset in the country as the study conclusions reveal that marketplace size as well as domestic investment are positively related to foreign direct investment while taxes have negative association with overseas straight investment in the case of Pakistan.

Implications/Originality/Value: The most important factor for FDI inflow to Pakistan is interest rate or ease of doing business which has negative sign means inverse relation exists between the two variables.
Cyber Literature as an Alternative for Sidoarjo Woman Writers Community: A Sociological Perspective in Literature
Authors: Fediyanto Niko , Mandarani Vidya , Astutik Yuli
Published: June 2021

The development of the globalization information system and the effects of the global pandemic almost demands almost everyone to optimize technology in response to various problems, including literature and writing. This article presents cyber literature as an alternative for the development of Pena Perajut Aksara, a women writers community in Sidoarjo. The problems studied were how the pattern of writing strategies for this community and how the community responds to cyber literature development as an alternative writing strategy. To answer the problems raised, researchers used a qualitative descriptive method. Theoretically, the researcher applied Pierre Bourdieu's perspective on the Field of Cultural Production. The data collected by using the unstructured interview method. The results of this study indicate that as the main strategy, this community relies on the curation of authors who have been consecrated as curators. Meanwhile, the development of electronic/cyber-literature has also begun to be taken seriously as a strategy to achieve consecration for this community. As an impact of research limitations on descriptive patterns, this study's results suggest more comprehensive and multi-disciplinary research to provide more concrete and measurable recommendations for the community in achieving consecration and broader public recognition in the future.
Author's Response
Authors: M. Attafi Ibraheem , Y. Albeishy Mohammed , E. Oraiby Magbool , A. Khardali Ibrahim , A. Shaikhain Ghassan , M. Fageeh Mohsen
Published: June 2021

This letter is a response to Letter to the Editor (Corkery J, Schifano F, Guirguis A. Commentary on: Attafi IM, Albeishy MY, Oraiby ME, Khardali IA, Shaikhain GA, Fageeh MM. Postmortem Distribution of Cathinone and Cathine in Human Biological Specimens in a Case of Death Associated with Khat Chewing. Arab J Forensic Sci Forensic Med. 2018 Jun 7;1(7). Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine. 2019 Dec 31;1(10):1473-1475).
1,2-Indanedione (IND) Reagent for Detection of Latent Fingermarks: A Review
Authors: Kumar Sachil , Bhagat Devidas Sudam , Bumbrah Gurvinder Singh
Published: June 2021

1,2-Indanedione (IND) is a chemical method for the detection of latent fingermarks on dry, porous surfaces such as paper, cardboard etc. It is an amino acid sensitive fluorescent reagent for developing latent fingermarks. The method is based on interaction of IND with amino acid fraction of latent fingermarks. The method develops clear, stable, pink (also known as Joullie pink) colored fingerprints which are fluorescent in nature. It is an efficient and non-destructive procedure for developing latent fingermarks on wide range of surfaces of forensic importance. Standardized testing of IND formulation is suggested to improve the eficiency of this reagent to develop latent fingermarks on wide range of surfaces of forensic importance.
Study of Palatal Rugae Patterns and their Use in Sex and Ethnicity Identification in a Sample of Adult Egyptians and Malaysians
Authors: A. S. M. Hussein Heba , A. S. Rady Nermeen
Published: June 2021

Background: Palatal rugoscopy is the use of palatal rugae for identification of unknown persons. The majority of the population in Egypt consists of Egyptian people. However, some Malaysian people live in Alexandria city of Egypt for the purpose of education. So in case of mass disaster, there is a critical need for a reliable and easy method to differentiate between Malaysians and Egyptians. Aim: Study palatal rugae patterns in two diverse populations; Egyptians and Malaysians and its relation to sex and population difference. Subjects: Eighty students of Alexandria Faculty of Dentistry; forty Egyptians (20 females and 20 males) and forty Malaysians (20 males and 20 females). The age ranged 18-30 years. Results: Significant difference was noted between Malaysian males and females according to total number of rugae on both sides. Malaysians had significantly higher total rugae number on both sides than Egyptians. Curved shape was the predominant shape in the total sample. Significant difference was detected between Egyptians and Malaysians according to the predominant palatal rugae direction on both left and right sides. Egyptian females had significantly higher percentage of absent unification than Egyptian males. Linear regression models for sex and ethnicity identification were built up.
Forensic DNA examination in the pandemic era of COVID-19: An Indian Perspective
Authors: Shrivastava Pankaj , Kumawat Ramkishan
Published: June 2021

The extremely high nature of transmissibility and severity of infection due to the novel Corona virus is a serious threat to mankind. This letter delivers a caution for forensic DNA experts in the era of COVID-19 infection from the Indian perspective. Samples are routinely transported to laboratories without any specific guidelines. Therefore, this is high time to formulate clear guidelines for the handling of biological material, from receiving to processing in the laboratory during such a pandemic
“Coopetition” for Cultural Tourism
Authors: Cortese Damiano , Sinicropi Silvia , Pollifroni Massimo , Cantino Valter
Published: June 2021

This research proposes an accounting history perspective on “coopetition”—a competitive approachbased on cooperation—in the cultural tourism sector. The analysis is based on the International MuseumsCampaigns proclaimed by UNESCO in 1956 and 1957 and investigates the contribution of the EgyptianMuseum of Turin, in the context of the local tourism system, in constructing an event and its relatedcommunication campaign. The purpose is to highlight, through accounting documents, the importance ofcoopetition in stimulating visitors’ presence and reaching higher shared socio-economic results.
Graph modelling for tracking the COVID-19 pandemic spread
Authors: Rasim Alguliyev  , Ramiz Aliguliyev  , Farhad Yusifov
Published: June 2021

The modelling is widely used in determining the best strategies for the mitigation of the impact of infectious diseases. Currently, the modelling of a complex system such as the spread of COVID-19 infection is among the topical issues. The aim of this article is graph-based modelling of the COVID-19 infection spread. The article investigates the studies related to the modelling of COVID-19 pandemic and analyses the factors affecting the spread of the disease and its main characteristics. We propose a conceptual model of COVID-19 epidemic by considering the social distance, the duration of contact with an infected person and their location-based demographic characteristics. Based on the hypothetical scenario of the spread of the virus, a graph model of the process are developed starting from the first confirmed infection case to human-to-human transmission of the virus and visualized by considering the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19. The application of graph for the pandemic modelling allows for considering multiple factors affecting the epidemiological process and conducting numerical experiments. The advantage of this approach is justified with the fact that it enables the reverse analysis the spread as a result of the dynamic record of detected cases of the infection in the model. This approach allows for to determining undetected cases of infection based on the social distance and duration of contact and eliminating the uncertainty significantly. Note that social, economic, demographic factors, the population density, mental values and etc. affect the increase in number of cases of infection and hence, the research was not able to consider all factors. In future research will analyze multiple factors impacting the number of infections and their use in the models will be considered.
Factors Affecting Customer Loyalty in the Services Sector
Authors: Aftab Khan Muhammad , Yasir Muhammad , Asad Khan Muhammad
Published: June 2021

The current research intends to examine the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), customer satisfaction, and customer trust on customer loyalty in the services sector of Pakistan. This research is quantitative in nature and utilized a survey method for collecting data. Moreover, the population of this study is those individuals who are using Telecom services in Pakistan. This research used a convenient sampling technique. The completed and usable questionnaires were 212. Moreover, SPSS software was utilized for data analysis. For instance, frequencies, standard deviation, and mean for each understudy variables were analysed using SPSS software. In addition, this research also conducted correlation and regression analysis. Results show that a (i) positive and significant association exists between corporate social responsibility and customer satisfaction, (ii) positive and significant relationship exists between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty, (iii) positive and significant association exists between customer trust and customer loyalty. Hence, the findings of this research significantly contribute towards the existing body of knowledge related to the concept of CSR, customer's satisfaction, trust, and loyalty. Thus, offering essential implications for policymakers, specifically for the Telecom sector of Pakistan. Finally, research limitations and suggestions for further studies are also highlighted.
Evaluation of Tourist Decision-Making Process by Eye-Tracking Method – Focused on Methodology Gap and Cross-National Comparison
Authors: Lustigova Zdena , Jarolímková Liběna , Žufan Jan
Published: June 2021

The dynamic development of information and communication technologies and online marketing in the hospitality and tourism industry changes customer behavior significantly.. This article presents the research results focused on measuring the visual attention of potential clients while choosing the hotel online. Eye-tracking-based data collection followed by appropriate statistical analyses was selected to study customers' behaviour and, consequently, judge the effectiveness and impact of used marketing tools. Three scenarios selected for this study covered different clients' segments: 1/overnight business guests (on the road), 2/weekend package guests (couples), and 3/team-building groups (small companies) and their specific needs. The behaviour of the respondents was monitored in two phases: browsing and deliberation phases. Our study reveals the specifics in Middle and East European consumers' behaviour in both phases, the differences in their priorities, their personal filters used, specifics of their decision-making process, etc., compared with Noone & Robson studies from 2014 and 2016 on US customers. From the methodological point of view, the study reveals the importance of so-called scenarios since it clearly shows that preferences during the browsing phase (e.g. photos of hotels, rooms, bathrooms, its environment, surrounding landscape, etc.) depend on the simulated life situation. The differences in both groups of clients' behaviour and especially in their decision-making process are discussed in the conclusions.
Student Creative Thinking Analysis in Ethnomathematics Based Inquiry Learning on Transformation Materials
Authors: Choeriyah Laelinatul , Qohar Abd , Subanji Subanji
Published: June 2021

Creative thinking is a very important aspect in learning, with creative thinking students can develop their abilities in every material being taught. This study aims to describe students' creative thinking skills in learning by using an ethnomathematical-based inquiry model. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The subjects of this study were 10 students of class XI MIA MA Al Mukhtar Adipala Cilacap. The results of this study indicate that at the first meeting the average creative thinking level of students in the three groups was 85% (high), at the second and third meetings the average creative thinking level of students was 83% (high). At the fourth meeting, the average creative thinking level of students reached 85% (high).
TOPSIS ÇOK KRİTERLİ KARAR VERME YÖNTEMİ İLE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI FİNANSAL PERFORMANS ANALİZİ: TEKNOLOJİ ŞİRKETLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: GÜRKAN Serhan
Published: June 2021

Yüksek katma değer yaratma yeteneğine sahip teknoloji sektörü, ülkelerin GSYİH’na önemli katkılar sunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte teknoloji sektörü, yüksek tutarlı fonlara ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Fonlara ulaşma kolaylığı noktasında en önemli kriterlerden bir tanesi finansal performanstır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, muhasebe verilerini kullanarak teknoloji şirketlerinin finansal performanslarını sıralamaktır. Bu çalışmanın bir diğer amacı ise finansal açıdan başarılı teknoloji şirketlerinin finansal yapılarını ortaya çıkarmaktır. Çalışmada, Borsa İstanbul Teknoloji Endeksi’nde (XUTEK) işlem gören 15 teknoloji şirketi, 2017-2019 yılları arasındaki üç yıllık dönem için incelenmiştir. Şirketlerin finansal performansları, TOPSIS yöntemi yardımıyla hesaplanan performans endeksi puanlarına göre sıralanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın kredi verenlere, yatırımcılara ve politika yapmayan kurumlara bilgi sağlayacağına inanılmaktadır.
Towards an Information Democracy: A Research Agenda
Authors: Boekhorst Albert K
Published: June 2021

People, organisations and societies need knowledge to satisfy their needs so they can survive and develop
Cybernetic Pluralism in an Emerging Global Information and Computing
Authors: Ess Charles
Published: June 2021

I trace the development of an emerging global Information and Computing Ethics (ICE), arguing that ethical
The “silence of the chips” concept: towards an ethics(-by-design) for IoT
Authors: Rizza Caroline , Draetta Laura
Published: June 2021

In this position paper, we would like to promote the alternative approach positioned between the two extreme positions consisting in refusing any innovation or in adopting technology without questioning it. This approach proposes a reflexive and responsible innovation (von Schomberg, 2013; 2011; 2007) based on a compromise between industrial and economic potentialities and a common respect of our human rights and values. We argue that the “silence of the chips right” (Benhamou, 2012; 2009) is timely, relevant and sustainable to face ethical challenges raised by IoT such as protecting privacy, trust, social justice, autonomy or human agency. We believe this technical solution may support establishing an ethics of IoT embedded in the technology itself. Our position is not ‘technocratic’: we do not agree with discourses arguing technology can fix problems. Through the responsible research and innovation approach we promote the idea that only human agency and user empowerment constitute a valid answer to the ethical, legal and social issues raised by IoT.
When Is a Robot a Moral Agent?
Authors: Sullins lll John P
Published: June 2021

In this paper I argue that in certain circumstances robots can be seen as real moral agents. A distinction is made between persons and moral agents such that, it is not necessary for a robot to have personhood in order to be a moral agent. I detail three requirements for a robot to be seen as a moral agent. The first is achieved when the robot is significantly autonomous from any programmers or operators of the machine. The second is when one can analyze or explain the robot’s behavior only by ascribing to it some predisposition or ‘intention’ to do good or harm. And finally, robot moral agency requires the robot to behave in a way that shows and understanding of responsibility to some other moral agent. Robots with all of these criteria will have moral rights as well as responsibilities regardless of their status as persons.
Google Glass: On the implications of an advanced military command and control system for civil society.
Authors: Bernhardt Ute
Published: June 2021

In the early 1990ies, the U.S. Army presented the first experimental units of a future soldier’s equipment, featuring a soldier with a networked video camera, various sensors, and connecting the system to the world wide military command and control network. In June, 2012, Google unveiled its prototype Google Glass, a device capable of video and audio capturing with additional augmented reality functions. In this article, a comparison between those military and civilian augmented reality systems and typical application settings will be used to ask for the implications of this kind of technology for the civil society. It will especially be focused on the consequences for civil safety, when the full range of cooperation capabilities available with Google Glass-like devices will be employed by organized groups of criminals or terrorists. In conclusion, it will be argued to assess the implications of this technology and prepare for a new degree of coordination in the activities of groups in the civilian space.
Creating a secure cyberspace – Securitization in Internet governance discourses and dispositives in Germany and Russia
Authors: Gorr David , Schünemann Wolf J
Published: June 2021

This article deals with the phenomenon of securitization in the emerging policy field of Internet governance. In essence, it presents a combination of theoretical reflections preparing the grounds for a comparative analysis of respective discourses and so-called dispositives as well as preliminary findings from such a comparative project. In the following sections we firstly present some theoretical reflections on the structural conditions of Internet regulation in general and the role and relevance of securitization in particular. Secondly, we shed light on how securitization is constructed and how it might affect the build-up process of instruments of Internet regulation. How does securitization happen, how does it work in different societies/states? Which discursive elements can be identified in elites’ discourses? And which politico-legal dispositives do emanate from discourse? In a third section we illustrate our reflections with some preliminary findings from a comparison of cybersecurity discourses and dispositives in Germany and Russia.
Rule Sets, Cheating, and Magic Circles: Studying Games and Ethics
Authors: Consalvo Mia
Published: June 2021

This paper provides frameworks for understanding how ethics might be expressed in gameplay situations, and how we can study the ethical frameworks that games offer to players. There are many ways to delve into such topics, and this paper considers only a few approaches. It briefly surveys some of the important questions and critiques arising from audience studies, theories of play and games, and work on cheating, and begins to build a framework for considering ethics in relation to games and players that transcends the “place apart” that games are often constructed as.
Network Ecologies: Geophilosophy between Conflict and Cartographies of Abundance
Authors: Zehle Soenke
Published: June 2021

on human dignity, fundamental human rights, and earning trust.
Why we are „Challenging the Chip“: The Challenges of Sustainability in Electronics
Authors: Smith Ted
Published: June 2021

Ted Smith, co-founder of some of the first organizing efforts in the field of electronics activism, recounts the transformation of Silicon Valley from an agricultural center into the first hub of a global electronics industry and the rise of electronics activism in response to growing evidence of the industry's environmental and occupational health hazards. From their original focus on Silicon Valley, activists have broadened their effort to focus on end-of-life issues, especially through the demand for extended producer responsibility. They also address the globalization of production hazards, addressed through an „International Campaign for Responsible Technology? that links local actors and organizations in North America, Europe, and Asia in a global effort to advance a comprehensive agenda of labor rights and environmental justice.
Beyond E-waste: Kenyan Creativity and Alternative Narratives in the Dialectic of End-of-Life
Authors: Vallauri Ugo
Published: June 2021

The main focus of green IT campaigns and policy interventions in developing regions has been on efforts to counter the flows of e-waste coming from the West. This paper argues that while such interventions are necessary, they often fail to acknowledge the complexity of information-technological developments across the global South. Complementary narratives can uncover a more nuanced perception of the role played by second hand ICT equipment in development. E-waste is at first contextualized within the wider debate on the contested role of technology in post-development. Examples of the multi-dimensional role of technolog in development initiatives in Kenya are used to provide evidence of existing cultures of reuse and of their potential to inform and influence a shift in Western ICT consumption patterns, in line with contemporary debates on de-growth. Examples of alternative approaches to development in the context of ICT abound, and it's key to focus on those that have roots in the creation of value right where others would see only waste – translating the ethos of the grey economy in projects that reclaim economical and educational spaces.
Software must not manipulate the physicians:” The IT Challenge to Patient Care
Authors: Hagemeister Dirk Thomas
Published: June 2021

Information technology plays an increasingly important role in the medical working environment. Besides facilitating improvements in the quality of health care, it might also bear some unwished effects. Examining the „m aking? of a diagnosis and the role it plays in m odern m edicine leads to the question how far this pro cess of „diagn osing? m ig ht be affected b y the „tech nical su rroundings?. A num b er of exam ples from clin ical medicine in the hospital and the ambulatory sector illustrate the way IT is being utilised in modern medicine. A tw ofold negative effect could result from this „com p uterisation?: Firstly, the technical requirem ents for the use of IT might force the process of diagnosing to be adapted with subsequent wrong or altered diagnoses. Secondly, constraints like cost control might be facilitated by IT and thus its application might cause the doctors trying to avoid such pressures by modifying the diagnosis and potentially worsening treatment and outcome.
The Use of Extremely Anthropomorphized Artefacts in Medicine
Authors: Lahtiranta J , Kimppa K K
Published: June 2021

Anthropomorphized, or human-like artefacts, have been used in teaching and training of medical skills for a long time. The most famous artefact used today is probably the Resusci ® Anne CPR training manikin, which is used for training of resuscitation skills. However, what has changed over the lifespan of these artefacts is the level of human-like features in them. All around the globe, highly anthropomorphized ICT artefacts are used in training of medical skills. Amongst others, the UNAM University in Mexico City and Royal North Shore Hospital in New South Wales use artefacts, which are closer to human-like robots than traditional manikins in teaching. The purpose of this article is to look deeper into this phenomenon, consider its potential implications for the patient-physician relationship and quality of patient care, and to propose some practical methods for minimizing the possible risks emerging from the use of these extremely anthropomorphized artefacts.
Herramientas para el análisis y monitoreo en Redes Sociales
Authors: Gutiérrez Juan José Prieto
Published: June 2021

Networks or partnerships are used by humans since the beginning of humanity and its analysis raises concerns from many different sectors of society. In the era of the network of networks, Internet, networks are generated by virtual connections of the agents. Social Network Analysis (SNA) studies the relationship relation to each other, the social structure. It is an area that is emerging as essential in decision-making processes for its ability to analyze and intervene in the behaviour of structures. We analyze three NSA tools that monitor conversations on the Organization "IFLA" keyword in order to measure the feeling of them, managing social efforts to relate the flows between the entities, groups, etc.
The social dynamics of secrecy: Rethinking information and privacy through Georg Simmel
Authors: Coll Sami
Published: June 2021

This article argues that Georg Simmel’s ideas on secrecy can shed new light on current debates around the relevance or otherwise of privacy as a protection against surveillance interventions. It suggests an interactional approach to privacy, and considers it as a dynamic process which redefines the boundary between what information should be disclosed and what information should be concealed in every social interaction. Simmel argues that this “natural” process relies on the identification of the interlocutor: her psychological/emotional involvement in the relationship, her social position in society and the representation of her expectations. Recent empirical examples show that this interactional perspective may have the potential to reconcile differing privacy accounts, by linking theoretically different levels that are factually distinct: privacy as a collective fact, as a contextual integrity, and as an individual fact.
Qualities of Sharing and their Transformations in the Digital Age
Authors: Wittel Andreas
Published: June 2021

This article examines the social side of sharing. It is an attempt to work towards a sociological concept of sharing in the digital age. This is the hypothesis: different forms of sharing have different qualities with respect to the social. Digital technologies bring about new forms of sharing. In order to support this claim I will analyse the social qualities of sharing by focusing on the object, on what is being shared. Using an object-centred analysis it will be argued that digital forms of sharing introduce a new function of sharing. Whereas pre-digital sharing was about exchange, sharing with digital technologies is about exchange and about distribution.
Shared is not yet Sharing, Or: What Makes Social Networking Services Public?
Authors: Frick Marie-Luisa , Oberprantacher Andreas
Published: June 2021

According to a libidinally charged slogan, Social Networking Services are meant to give “people the power to share and make the world more open and connected.” But does the digital act of sharing personal information – invested in so many of the New Social Media – make such internet domains a public realm? What characterizes actually the public according to classical political theory, and what sort of performances become visible in digital fora under the banners of interactivity, friendship and an alleged dissolution of boundaries? Against the background of increasingly elastic borders between things considered private and spaces declared public as well as of a remarkable spectrum of modes of sharing – ranging from disclosing daily trivia to collectively expressing political dissent – our contribution will examine the ambivalence of sharing in Social Networking Services, not least in Facebook, in terms of a paradoxical nexus of passions and risks.
The Internet in island communities in Croatia: between government
strategies and reality
Authors: Aparac-Jelušić Tatjana
Published: June 2021

The question of integrating Internet into the every day life of people living in isolated areas (e.g. islands and
remote rural areas) has been of particular interest to the Croatian Government. It has addressed this issue in
its basic strategic and action-plan documents which aimed to improve state economy and living conditions of
Croatia's citizens. Also, adopted LIS professional statements have been aiming to increase library awareness,
as one of the focal points to the equal access to information for all citizens regardless of their educational,
social or economic background.
The paper will discuss Government initiatives related to the e-community building issues on islands and in
other rural areas in Croatia. Related awareness raising initiatives of LIS professionals, aimed at professionals,
governing bodies and citizens, will also be discussed.
Can religious belief systems influence technological and social
innovations?
Authors: Fleissner Peter
Published: June 2021

As the author was not satisfied with the explanatory power of economic theories, in particular when they are
applied to the rapid diffusion of the Internet and Internet services, he tries to analyze cultural framework
conditions and processes involved that inspire inventions and innovative ideas and speed up their diffusion.
He offers a scheme of thought to accompany the emergence of ideas and their reification process
(Vergegenständlichung) as technical or social innovations. A few examples are given as illustration.
Feminism and Intercultural Information Ethics
Authors: Froehlich Thomas J
Published: June 2021

Rafael Capurro calls for an intercultural information ethics that radically challenges its Eurocentric, Greek
philosophical roots and grapples with and validates cultural diversity. One of the voices that must be included
in this project is that of feminism, both within and outside of Western culture. While there are a variety of
feminist issues and approaches to feminism, embracing the naturalistic approach, suggested by Alison
Jaggar, one can find sufficient commonalities, both in terms of a critique of traditional male-dominated
Western ethics and in terms of a positive content and agenda, to establish a feminist framework. One strong
voice that help create this framework is that of Carol Gilligan who studied the moral development of women.
This paper argues that the “different voice” thesis of Gilligan (i.e., that men and women prototypically – not
stereotypically – bring different voices to moral argumentation and ethical deliberation) can serve as an
ethical principle, that permits all persons – male or female – to interrogate and guide their ethical choices,
and that an ‘ethic of care’ can challenge an ‘ethic of rights,’ and on occasion can trump it as a major guiding
ethical principle.
Digital Materiality as Imprints and Landmarks: The case of Northern Lights
Authors: Fors Anna Croon , Wiberg Mikael
Published: June 2021

In this paper a case is made concerning how important levels of media technology and new interactive textures affect urban landscapes. The case is based on experiences and empirical examples from a Scandinavian city (Northern Lights) in which levels of interactive infrastructures, mediated spaces, and places, are high, and in which accessibility and social inclusion traditionally have been strong components in societal and systems design. Our designerly approach discloses some of ways that the city is enacted by a new digital materiality. This materiality can only bee disclosed if the relationship between the city and ICT is understood as a meaningful whole – a totality – in this text illustrated by the notions of landmarks and imprints. Based on our case we suggest that it is possible to employ an ethical dwelling reflecting the endless, active and ongoing responsibility for the city and its interactive textures in everyday life.
The cybercity as a medium Public living and agency in the digitally shaped urban space
Authors: Ridell Seija
Published: June 2021

The digitalized urban environment is explored in the paper as a medium with several overlapping and interweaving spatial layers. The author suggests that it has grown increasingly complex in the multi-spaced and multiply scaled cybercities for people to share in public space. Moreover, the challenges of public living in contemporary urban settings emerge most intensely at the points of intersection of the invisible technostructure and the (mass) media saturated phenomenality of the city. At these intersections, one ethically and politically burning issue is how people through their ICT-related activities contribute to the ?automatic production of space‘. More specifically, critical attention should be paid to people‘s active, but not necessarily selfreflexive, participation in the consolidation of the ?technological unconscious‘ that conditions their own public agency.
The Human Right to Internet Access: A Philosophical Defense
Authors: Mathiesen Kay
Published: June 2021

The United Nations has suggested that access to the Internet is a human right. In this paper, I defend the U.N.’s position against a number of challenges. First, I show that Vinton Cerf’s recent rejection of the human right to the Internet is based on a misunderstanding of the nature and structure of human rights. Second, I argue that the Internet enables the right to communicate, which is a linchpin right, and, thus, states have a duty to see to it that citizens have access to Internet technology. Third, I argue that concerns that the Internet can be used to engage in oppression and imperialism do not show that there is not a human right to it. Rather, it shows that the right to the Internet must be understood as part of a larger system of human rights.
More than a Facebook revolution: Social Movements and Social Media in the Egyptian Arab Spring
Authors: Baron Luis Fernando
Published: June 2021

Public opinion leaders and activists characterized the Egyptian “Arab Spring” of January 2011 as a “Facebook Revolution”. They highlight the intrinsic power of social media as an influencing factor for social change. Undeniably, social media played important roles in that revolution process. However, these roles cannot be disconnected from the socio-political contexts. This paper discusses the use of social media, particularly of Facebook, by the April 6th Youth Movement (A6YM), a decisive actor of the Egyptian protests. It is based on the analysis of two Egyptian newspapers and one American newspaper, between 2008 and 2011. We propose that a) social media provided alternative mechanisms for political expression and organization, b) social media contributed to the genesis and consolidation of the A6YM and to the establishment of youth political identities, and c) the combination of “bits and streets” amplified not just the movement’s mobilization but the degree of opposition experienced by the Egyptian regime.
Elecciones Generales y redes sociales en el caso de España, 2011
General Elections and social networks in the case of Spain, 2011
Authors: Castillejo Bruno , Semova Dimitrina J
Published: June 2021

General Elections of November 20, 2011 marked a turning point in the use of social networks in Spain for political purposes: on the one hand, was the first time the major parties decided to use social networks in their election campaigns, and on the other, all studies show that small parties won on this field. Given that “the smalls” reached unexpected good election results, therefore we must examine the question of a possible relationship between votes won and presence in social networks. It is also important that the vast majority of messages against politicians came from users participants in the 15-M Movement (“The Outraged”). From their personal accounts they proposed different hashtags attacking the two major political parties: the Popular Party (PP) and the Socialist Party (PSOE).