bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
J.N. Hummel’s Piano Concert h-moll op. 89 in the Context of Mozart’s Nineteenth-Century “light” pianism
Authors: Xuang Juntao
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this research is to analyse J. Hummel's Third Piano Concerto from the perspective of Biedermeier's establishments of Restoration "light" pianism, which embodied the spiritual aspirations to preserve the Rococo savings in the context of the adoption of the secularised art of the New Vienna School. The research methodology is the intonation approach of B. Asafiev school in Ukraine, which has direct analogies to the principles of Chinese musicology (see works by Ma Wei, Wu Go Ling). The specifics of the methods of historical and descriptive, musicological analytical, cultural, stylistic comparative, and interdisciplinary methods constitute the specifics of the apparatus of researching the works of the named author. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time in Ukrainian and Chinese musicology, J. Hummel's Concerto is analysed in the light of the positions of Budermayer's "light play" pianism in continuation of the Mozartian line of piano creativity (according to the works of D. Androsova and L. Shevchenko) and in the development of the concept of neo-symbolism of post-avant-garde modernity according to O. Markova. Conclusions. J.N. Hummel's Piano Concerto h-moll op. 89 is marked by an impressive breadth of pianistic lyrical fioritura and the absence of theatrical drama, which corresponds to the instructions of Biedermeier, who tended to the ideal beginnings of worldview and religious humility of expression. The Concerto reproduces certain signs of Mozartian constructiveness (the second exposition with the soloist's theme, mainly the compensatory function of the orchestra), strophic expositionality that "blurs" sonata relations. The main thing is the dominant position of "piano lyricism" of ultra-fast finger movement, signs of waltzing, nocturnal, hymn-like themes in the presentation of themes that correspond to Biedermeier's mythological and religious settings, based on the crescendoing dramaturgy of increasing the intensity of movement from the beginning to the end of the concert cycle in a two-phase presentation of the energy flow in the spirit of early Christian liturgy, adopted by the salon style of Biedermeier.Key words: piano Mozartianism, pianism, "light" pianism, musical style, musical genre, concert.
“Model Opera” of the 20th Century in Chinese Musical Culture
Authors: Zhang Zongrui
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to the problem of studying the conditions of development of musical culture in China, in particular, the creation of the twentieth-century model opera, as a result of the synthesis of the East-West arts. The purpose of this article is to determine the components of the opera model and to indicate the prerequisites for its creation. The research methodology is based on the use of the hermeneutic-comparative method, which allows studying the model of Chinese opera in accordance with the conditions of the historical development of musical culture, as well as general scientific methods of analytical and historical-descriptive content, which formed, among other things, the methodological foundations of the art and cultural studies accepted for the study to understand the patterns and generalisations in accordance with the definition of the popularity of the twentieth-century opera model in Chinese culture. The scientific novelty lies in the universalisation of approaches to the synthesis of art in the East-West context and the study of the peculiarities of the existence of vocal and stage art in China as a component of the country's political programme of development and as a carrier of ideology. Conclusions. It has been determined that the performing tradition and functioning of vocal and stage art in China has a synthetic character, which took shape in the 19th century, but became active in the 20th century. The concept of a model opera came into use as an exemplary component of vocal and stage art that reflected political views and was also a carrier of the country's ideology. The creation of a number of operas based on the same model did not limit the development of Chinese musical culture, but rather created the conditions for the formation of a completely individual, unique national genre, which was embodied in a kind of model opera with its numerous experiments, but at the same time, some of its initiatives were distilled and even canonised into semantic units, performance practices, and norms of musical structure.
Key words: model opera, Chinese music, vocal and stage performance, East-West, ideology.
Vectors of Development of National Show Business Under Marital Law
Authors: Pakharchuk Oleksandr
Published: September 2023

The purpose of the article is to study the process of shaping show business activities in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war, to identify professional transformations of show business actors caused by the factors of the military present, and to determine new formats and stylistic solutions for art projects. The research methodology is based on the empirical method, which made it possible to study the trends in the development of show business in the conditions of war. The method of art analysis provided an opportunity to comprehensively study and characterise the change in the scope of activities of show business representatives, to analyse the volunteer, touring, public, and artistic activities of Ukrainian show business figures under martial law in Ukraine. The axiological method is based on clarifying changes in the concert repertoire and themes of artistic works, referring to the song heritage of Ukrainians, determining the formation of new formats of creative projects and their integration into the international artistic space. The scientific novelty lies in the establishment of vectors for the development of show business in the domestic art arena, in generalising changes in the artistic activity of show business representatives against the background of the actualisation of the world’s interest in Ukrainian performing arts. Conclusions. The show business sector is radically changing conceptual approaches to the creation of entertainment content and is becoming a powerful driver of resistance to aggression and support of the Ukrainian population. Thanks to their patriotism, show industry figures have been able to prove themselves as leaders of the volunteer movement, re-tellers of patriotic education of the population, and ambassadors of Ukrainian mass culture abroad. The priority is to restore the artistic heritage and develop strategies for its future development, so that the content offered by artists today will continue to be of interest in the future, promoting national identity at the international level.Key words. Show business, patriotism, art projects, volunteering, concert activity, touring activity, repertoire.
Changes of alveolar ridge dimension after autogeneous mandibular bone augmentation with split bone block technique
Authors:   Faculty of Odonto-stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Bùi Lâm Tấn , Phạm Loan Thị Hương ,   Department of Implantology, Faculty of Odonto-stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Võ Nhân Văn ,   Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, Hong Bang International University, Võ Hùng Chí ,   Department of Implantology, Faculty of Odonto-stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Đậu Lượng Cao ,   Department of Implantology, Faculty of Odonto-stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Võ Thuỳ Lâm ,   Department of Implantology, Faculty of Odonto-stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Lê Lánh Đức ,   Van Hanh General Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Published: September 2023

Objectives: the aim of study is to evaluate the changes of alveolar rigde dimension after split bone block technique with autogenous bone block graft from mandible on CBCT. Methods: A case series study on 10 patients who had alveolar ridge defects (≥4 mm). The patients treated by means of split bone block technique with autogenous bone from mandible, followed by delay implant placement. Scan data from dental waxed-up model and preoperative and postoperative CBCT data were superimposed and then used to measure the changes of alveolar dimension. Results: Preoperatively, the mean alveolar dimension was 2,46±0,83 mm in width and 9,38±1,48 mm in height. After 4 months, the mean alveolar dimension increased to 7,68 ±1,35 mm in width and 12,60±1,83 mm in height. The mean dimension gained 5,22±1,59 mm horizontally and 3,21±1,26 mm vertically. Conclusion: This study results suggest that split bone block technique with autogenous bone block from mandible is effective in increasing the three-dimension alveolar ridge with more 4mm defect.
Optimisation of a floating tablet containing clarithromycin 500 mg
Authors:   University of Medicine and Pharmacy University of Ho Chi Minh City, Cao Thị Thanh Thảo , Nguyễn Ngọc Thanh Phương ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy University of Ho Chi Minh City, Trần Văn Thành ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy University of Ho Chi Minh City, Hoàng Minh Châu ,   Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology - HUTECH, Nguyễn Ngọc Khôi ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy University of Ho Chi Minh City
Published: September 2023

The purpose of the research is to optimize the formulation of a gastric floating drug delivery system of clarithromycin 500 mg (CLA). CLA is a macrolide antibiotic, indicated in the treatment of sinusitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, acute and chronic bronchitis, especially in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The formulation design is retained in the stomach for prolonging the floating time to improve bioavailability, drug absorption. The excipients include polymers such as hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) to control drug release. Besides, sodium bicarbonate is generally used in pharmaceuticals as a source of carbon dioxide in effervescent tablets – has been used as a gas-forming agent in floating to prolong floating time and reducing gastric irritation. Preformulating testing is not the interaction between the ingredients together. In vitro floating time and vitro dissolution studies were carried out that the results of the best formulation with HPMC K100M, HPMC K15M and NaHCO3 are 22%; 12.5% và 14.7% based on concentrate of CLA. The formulations were designed by Design - Expert and BCPharsolf OTP. The result of research showed that the floating time is approximately 8.53 – 9.34 hours and drug release for 12 hours, respectively 25% (after 2 hours), 20 – 40% (after 4 hours) and over 80% (12 hours). The analytical method for determination and quantification of CLA such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier transform infrared FTIR.
CIVILIZATION DETERMINANTS AND HISTORICAL CHALLENGES OF STABILITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST
Authors:   Western Ukrainian National University, Ivashchuk Iryna , Zastavnyy Andriy ,   Western Ukrainian National University
Published: September 2023

The article examines the civilizational determinants of the formation of a new configuration of forces in the Middle East and examines the historical challenges that shaped its stability, taking into account key historical events, cultural factors, and regional dynamics of modern development trends in the region. The strategic location of the Middle East and the interest of the countries of the world in it, which is determined by the rich natural resources and religious traditions that formed the vectors of modern development, are substantiated. It is argued that despite its rich heritage and enormous potential, the Middle East has also witnessed constant challenges to its stability, leading to conflict, political upheaval and socio-economic inequality. The main challenges affecting the geopolitical landscape of the Middle East have been identified. Based on the set goal, in the process of researching the historical, institutional and conceptual foundations of the formation, formation and development of the Middle East, a civilizational approach was applied, since this region has a number of common civilizational features, dialectical and abstract-logical methods, methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization. The historical retrospective of the development of the Middle East is considered. The historical obstacles that shaped the instability of the Middle Eastern civilization due to significant historical events, religious beliefs, geopolitical interests and regional dynamics of modern trends in this region are studied. The historical problems that the Middle East faces in ensuring stability in the region, and which lead to aggravation of conflicts, protests, and socio-economic inequality, are established. Further perspectives of research should be aimed at deepening the social and economic problems that arise in the Middle East region under the influence of civilizational determinants.
ORGANIZATIONAL PRINCIPLES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL INCLUSION IN THE LABOR MARKET OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Poltava V.G. Korolenko National Pedagogical University, Barbinova Alla
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to consideration of organizational principles of realization of social inclusion. The purpose of the study is to analyze the peculiarities of the implementation of social inclusion in the labor market of Ukraine. The relevance of the study is due to the constant transformation of the modern labor market in Ukraine, which is due to the needs of consumers, foreign economic ties, intellectualization of production, the ratio of supply and demand, the quality of the personnel of enterprises, institutions and organizations, etc. These factors affect the change in industrial relations, the range of subjects of which is constantly changing. Accordingly, there is a mutual reorientation of the needs of consumers of the labor market and offers of commodity producers and service providers. The features of the implementation of social inclusion were determined by studying the scientific literature and analyzing the legal acts that made it possible to generalize on the specified problem. In the course of scientific research, it is determined that the state regulatory documents of Ukraine are based on international regulatory legal acts and establish requirements and principles relating to the functioning of state structures and relations on social inclusion, regulate and establish the equality of rights and opportunities of all citizens. In addition, the availability of the necessary logistics and the creation of unhindered and safe working conditions serve as determining factors in the labor choice in the labor market. Potential employers should focus on ensuring barrier-free for their employees or consumers of the services offered, as this affects labor productivity, economic results of enterprises. It is proved that social inclusion excludes any discrimination on health grounds and implies a tolerant attitude towards all people who have special needs. The materials of the article have scientific value for scientists, applicants for education and specialists who focus on inclusive processes in society.
IMPACT OF RUSSIAN MILITARY AGGRESSION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN THE REGIONS OF UKRAINE
Authors:   The General Tadeusz Kosciuszko Military University of Land Forces, Pryimak Vasyl , Holovnov Vitalii ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Pylypovych Sofiia ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Published: September 2023

The article examines the impact of Russian military aggression in 2014 on the development of human capital in the regions of Ukraine. The author’s understanding of the socio-economic category "human capital" is presented. In order to build an integral indicator of the level of development of human capital in the region, it is proposed to consider the following structural components and partial primary diagnostic indicators of this capital: economic-demographic component, educational-scientific component, medical-biological component, socio-cultural component. Due to the fact that before and after the full-scale invasion of Russian troops into Ukraine on February 24, 2022, the available statistical data on this capital in open sources are not the same, the research was carried out on the basis of annual data only for the years 2013-2020. The article examines this influence using an approach that consists in using the methods of multidimensional statistical analysis, in particular, the method of constructing an integral summarizing indicator, to perform calculations. The results of the study showed that the Russian military aggression in 2014 had a significant negative impact on the development of human capital in the regions of Ukraine.
TAXATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS: STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Authors:   Kherson State Agrarian and Economic University, Kropyvnytskyi, Savchenko Vіra , Kononenko Lesіa ,   Kherson State Agrarian and Economic University, Kropyvnytskyi, Gai Oleksandr ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to researching the current state, clarifying problems, and developing directions for optimizing the taxation of agricultural commodity producers. It has been proven that the agricultural producer in Ukraine is mostly represented by small business entities. It was emphasized that when implementing the minimum tax obligation, it is necessary to balance the interests of the state and taxpayers producing agricultural products on their own lands. The publication substantiates the directions for ensuring the conditions for optimizing the application of the general system of taxation by agricultural commodity producers, taking into account the specifics of agricultural commodity producers under the conditions of creating incentives for the introduction of innovative technologies and technological development. The peculiarities, advantages, and disadvantages of the application of the minimum tax liability are considered, and directions for its optimization are determined.
CONSUMER BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT ON THE BASIS OF MARKETING PRICING
Authors:   Poltava State Agrarian University, Diadyk Tetiana , Danylenko Viktoria ,   Poltava State Agrarian University, Reshetnikova Olha ,   Poltava State Agrarian University
Published: September 2023

The essence of the concept of "consumer behavior" has been studied. Factors influencing it have been identified, including personal preferences, needs, values, and external influences such as advertising, marketing activities, and social factors. Such groups of influencing factors on consumer behavior are characterized, such as: demographic characteristics, psychological factors, social factors, marketing factors (including marketing pricing). Their role in the formation of the purchase decision is determined. The place of marketing pricing in the model of consumer behavior is presented, which provides an understanding of how and why decisions are made to purchase goods or services, how consumers react to various marketing techniques, and which of them the company can apply. Thanks to their use, a better understanding of the behavior of consumers in choosing and purchasing products is achieved, and hence, more effective use of marketing tools. It is noted that a seller who understands the mechanisms of irrational consumer behavior can present goods in such a way as to convince the buyer to give them a higher rating. Four directions of research into irrational consumer behavior are characterized: perception of percentage differences, perception of unrounded endings, influence of relative prices, influence of perception. Management of consumer behavior taking into account marketing pricing includes the use of pricing strategies and tactics to influence consumer decisions about purchasing goods or services. The authors characterized some of these approaches, in particular, price differentiation, price-quality strategy, price leadership strategy, promotions and discounts, free offers, dynamic pricing. It is noted that the buyer's perception of the product price directly affects the sales efficiency and the seller's profitability. Therefore, the marketing department of any firm must be able to predict and model the possible reaction of the consumer to the chosen price strategy, as well as take into account as many psychological factors as possible during its development. Methods of managing consumer behavior based on marketing pricing are highlighted.
GRANT PROGRAMS OF TRANSBORDER COOPERATION: OPPORTUNITIES, PROSPECTS, OBSTACLES
Authors:   Lviv University of Trade and Economics, Kobelya-Zvir Maryana
Published: September 2023

The article examines the main cross-border grant programs in which Ukraine can participate in order to implement joint programs. These are grant instruments for the development of small and medium-sized businesses, representatives of the executive power and local self-government, and the public sector. The main possibilities of using grants of cross-border programs for the government, community and entrepreneurship of Ukraine are outlined. The main and largest cross-border programs are described: "Poland-Ukraine", "Hungary-Slovakia-Romania-Ukraine", "Romania – Ukraine", the Black Sea Basin Program, the Danube Region Program 2021-2027. The prospects of using grant instruments within each program are demonstrated. Emphasis is placed on their priorities and areas of support for projects of authorities, local self-government, representatives of business and the public sector. The main goals and tasks of each program are highlighted, with the areas of support in Ukraine highlighted. The sluggish process of participation of potential grant recipients in cross-border grant programs was analyzed. The reasons for the non-active use of grant, irrevocable, targeted assistance from these programs were emphasized, including: low awareness of representatives of the executive power, local self-government bodies, the public and business about the grant opportunities of cross-border programs; lack of the required number of specialists who are able to prepare competitive grant proposals; participation in the vast majority of cross-border grant programs requires the partnership of an organization from at least two neighboring states. It is concluded that the involvement and use of grant tools of cross-border programs by representatives of business, civil society organizations, executive power and local self-government bodies is an important, and often the only source of financing necessary projects. Ukraine's active participation in cross-border programs determines the establishment and deepening of economic, social, scientific and technical, ecological, cultural and other relations with the border states. Overcoming barriers and obstacles is possible under the condition of broad informational support from representatives of programs in Ukraine, contact points, authorities and mass media.
ЛОГІСТИЧНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ ТОРГІВЛІ: НЕОБХІДНІСТЬ ТА СТАН В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ
Authors: Сігаєва Тетяна , Місюкевич Валентина , Тимченко Андрій
Published: September 2023

Стаття присвячена аналізу та розробці нових логістичних моделей для міжнародної торгівлі в умовах російсько-української війни. Дослідження є відгуком на переривання транспортних зв'язків, блокування ключових торгових маршрутів та портів, зростання бюрократичних завдань, а також інші виклики, що прямо або опосередковано виникли через військову агресію росії проти України. Мета дослідження полягає в розробці планів швидкої адаптації логістичних систем до змінюваних військових і політичних умов, а також в оптимізації експортних потоків через альтернативні маршрути та транспортні засоби. Методи дослідження включають статистичний аналіз, моделювання, глибокі інтерв'ю з експертами в галузі логістики та міжнародної торгівлі, а також кейс-студії конкретних ситуацій. В результатах дослідження було ідентифіковано ключові проблеми в логістичному забезпеченні міжнародної торгівлі, які виникли внаслідок російсько-української війни. Зокрема, досліджено вплив блокування морських портів, закриття повітряного простору, вразливість прифронтових логістичних систем, нестабільність вартості доставки, часті перебудови маршрутів, зміну попиту на продукцію, недостатність персоналу, складність у координації, технічні проблеми, проблеми з енергопостачанням та відсутність альтернативних транспортних маршрутів. На основі цього аналізу розроблено ряд альтернативних варіантів оптимізації логістичних процесів. Зокрема, запропоновано стратегії для використання сухих портів як альтернативних логістичних вузлів, які можуть забезпечити більш стабільний потік товарів. Практичне значення дослідження полягає у тому, що його результати можуть бути використані для формування державної політики в сфері міжнародної торгівлі, а також для адаптації бізнес-моделей експортно-орієнтованих компаній.
ТЕОРЕТИЧНА СУТНІСТЬ ТА КОМПОНЕНТНА БУДОВА ТУРИСТИЧНО-РЕКРЕАЦІЙНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ
Authors: Каганець-Гаврилко Леся
Published: September 2023

У статті досліджується структура туристично-рекреаційного потенціалу як соціально-економічної категорії на основі використання системного підходу. Туристично-рекреаційний пропонується розглядати як комплексне поняття, що включає, насамперед, природно-рекреаційний, людський та історико-культурний потенціал, у складі яких слід виокремлювати такі важливі компоненти, як екологічний та підприємницький потенціал, що відіграють передову роль у розвитку туристично-рекреаційної сфери та ефективного функціонування ринкової економіки. В ході дослідження значна увага відводиться систематизації та структуруванню видів підприємницької діяльності та суб’єктів господарювання туристично-рекреаційної сфері. Важлива роль також приділена вивченню принципів функціонування туристично-рекреаційної сфери, а також аналізу умов та середовища функціонування суб’єктів господарювання, зокрема соціально-економічних, політичних, фінансово-економічних та інвестиційних передумов, наявність розвиненої дорожньої, комунікаційної та інших видів інфраструктури.
Resonant Waveguide Grating Biosensors Based on Label-free Optical Principle
Authors: Sallai Igor
Published: September 2023

Label-free optical biosensors are powerful tools for the real-time monitoring of both molecular and cellular-scale interactions. Resonant waveguide grating biosensors are based on the detection of refractive index changes induced by molecular interactions and/or cell mass redistributions. The Epic BenchTop and Epic Cardio are two biosensors with high sensitivity and throughput that offer excellent potential for life science research. Both instruments are suitable for cell-based and biochemical assays. In this paper, I describe the principles of operation and performance of the Epic BenchTop and Epic Cardio label-free waveguide grating biosensors and discuss their applications in various research areas.
Some aspects of the implementation of criminal policy in the field of re-socialization in the Russian Federation
Authors: Krajnova Nadezhda
Published: September 2023

The article discusses some issues of the implementation of criminal policy in the field of resocialization of convicts in the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis of statistical information, the content of normative legal acts, various points of view presented in criminal law and criminological doctrinal sources, the author formulates his vision in the field under consideration, offers a definition of the resocialization of convicts. It is proposed to include not only convicts in the sphere of re-socialization processes, but also persons who have suffered from crimes and need help and support. The article also examines the positive foreign experience, formulates proposals for its implementation in Russian legislative and law enforcement practice. Attention is drawn to the fact that foreign experience should be used critically, focusing primarily on national historical features.
An Autobiographical Prologue
Authors: Graham Gordon
Published: September 2023

This chapter charts the author’s philosophical education and development. It articulates and defends a conception of philosophical inquiry that aims to combine the argumentative rigour of the analytical tradition with sensitivity to relevant contexts and trajectories in the history of ideas. This combination is essential to avoiding the twofold dangers of re-interpreting the past in terms of current philosophical interests, and reducing the study of philosophical texts to antiquarian history.
Hegelianism and its Critics
Authors: Graham Gordon
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores the intense debates that Hegelian Idealism generated among philosophers in late 19th century Scotland. It focusses in particular on a vigorous exchange of journal articles by Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison, Sir Henry Jones, J B S Haldane and D G Ritchie. A key issue in this debate relates to the relationship between metaphysics and psychology, and on the question whether empiricism is necessarily reductivist.
The Culmination of Scottish Philosophy: A. S. Pringle-Pattison
Authors: Graham Gordon
Published: September 2023

This chapter addresses the question of whether we should regard the long-lived Scottish tradition in philosophical inquiry as having finally come to an end, and if so when this happened. In so far as Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison figures at all in the history of modern philosophy, he is regarded as an early forerunner of Personalism. The chapter argues against this identification, and, focussing on his magnum opus – The Idea of God in the Light of Recent Philosophy – makes the case for thinking that Pringle-Pattison’s articulated Scottish philosophy in its most adequate form. His concept of ‘higher naturalism’ convincingly develops a philosophical position that integrates the fundamentals of Reid’s natural realism with the insights presented residing in Hume’s empiricism, and in the work of empiricism’s later exponents.
John Macmurray and the Self as Agent
Authors: Graham Gordon
Published: September 2023

John Macmurray was educated in Scotland, and after a long academic career elsewhere, returned to be Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh for several years in the mid-20th century. Though quite often identified as a ‘Scottish philosopher’, his connection with Scottish philosophy has generated some debate. This chapter addresses the issue, though primarily as a way of uncovering Macmurray’s remarkable originality as a thinker. His thought was must fully elaborated in the Gifford Lectures he delivered at the University of Glasgow in the 1950s. This chapter argues that Mascmurray’s re-conceptualization of the self as agent rather than perceiver has strikingly interesting implications for the understanding of what it is to be a person.
Gender Trouble at the Cinema
Authors: Coates Jennifer
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores the gender of the early postwar cinema audience, and its implications for the sharp decline in cinema attendance that set in after 1958. During the Allied Occupation of Japan (1945-1952), female audiences, particularly children and teenaged girls, became the imagined market for censored cinema content designed to support the democratic re-education of the Japanese populace. Yet an ethnographic approach gives a more conflicted picture of the cinema audience who viewed these narratives, demonstrating that an easy inference of mass female viewership from female-oriented film content, marketing, and censorship is not supported by the memories of many female viewers. Analyzing the memories of female viewers who engaged with the cinema and its stories between 1945 and 1968, this chapter posits some nuanced suggestions for the steep decline in cinema attendance into the 1960s. Contrasting the political goals that the Occupation forces expressed for cinema culture with the everyday restrictions experienced by female cinema-goers, this chapter reveals some structural limitations of using cinema narratives to generate political change. In the next chapter, the relationship between a political or politicized sense of self, and cinema narratives, is further explored, using the example of a dedicated politicized film club.
Bringing Martial Race to Market: Imperial Encounters, Militarism and the Making of Gurkhas
Authors: Chisholm Amanda
Published: September 2023

This chapter provides the historical context of the colonial logic, martial race. It explores how martial race histories come to matter in producing Gurkhas as racialised soldiers – valued for their martial prowess, their unfettered loyalty and, at times, their childlike and playful nature. The chapter shows how these histories, within a hierarchy of men and masculinities, naturalise Gurkhas as perpetually the subaltern, causing them to be understood and valued in terms of how they measure up against the fully developed and professional white British military officer.
Locating Love in the Gurkha Security Package
Authors: Chisholm Amanda
Published: September 2023

In the previous chapter I explored how martial race histories came to matter in producing Gurkhas as racialised soldiers – valued for their martial prowess, their unfettered loyalty and, at times, their childlike and playful nature. In this chapter, I investigate how these histories underpin contemporary global security markets. Imperial encounters continue to be affectively felt in everyday security encounters between Gurkhas and their British Gurkha officers, now security company owners. In short, Gurkha histories are affectively lived in the present and this chapter explores how.
The Happy Gurkha Housewife: Reproductive and Affective Labour in Global Security Households
Authors: Chisholm Amanda
Published: September 2023

This chapter is structured to show, first, the concrete ways that Gurkha wives enter security market relations, and how they come to support the industry through their reproductive and life-building labour. The chapter draws upon two dozen interviews with Gurkha wives to show how structures of patriarchy, poverty and global markets condition possibilities of and for these women. The chapter then moves on to demonstrate how this labour is underpinned by the affective relations these women have with security service, and the role happiness plays in sustaining them as reproductive supporters of global security.
The Student: The Curious Mind of James Fraser
Authors: Worthington David
Published: September 2023

Phopachy House lies less than five miles west of Inverness, alongside the A862 road as it meanders past the shore-side settlement of Bunchrew. In the mid- to late-seventeenth century, this spot by the Beauly Firth fizzed with intellectual activity. It was where Highland scholar, James Fraser, was born, a home which allowed him to move easily between his local parish in Kirkhill and his nearest burgh of Inverness. Beyond that, lay a broader ‘firthlands’ environment, Aberdeen, and from there, the rest of Scotland, and also England and Europe. This chapter positions Fraser, geographically and intellectually, as an outstanding, outward-looking scholar, part of a vibrant north Highland intellectual culture. Fraser’s elementary education, secondary schooling, then his university years in Aberdeen are vital to understanding his travels and later life as a minister.
The Traveller: Fraser’s ‘Grand Tour’ in Early Modern Europe
Authors: Worthington David
Published: September 2023

According to his own reflections, Fraser had come to the conclusion, by 1657, that Great Britain comprised ‘an Island … divided from parts of the world’ and, as islanders, its people were ‘lost and oft in need of forrein travels’. He claimed that this was the impulse which, that year, aged twenty-three, prompted him to seek a testimonial and passport from the Inverness magistrates and the acting governor and secretary of the town’s Cromwellian garrison, so he could set out ‘to view this universe’. It was granted without any apparent obstacle, and enabled the first move in a journey that would take Fraser to the ‘very naval [navel] centre’ of Christendom, and beyond, to the Hungarian frontier with the Ottoman Empire. Three case study cities are focused on in this chapter: Dieppe, Prague and Utrecht. Regarding each location he visits, there is coverage of language, customs, the temper and hospitality of the people, famous locals, as well as recollections of remarkable and unusual encounters, and descriptions of arts and architecture, food and drink, and recreations and sport. This chapter addresses his comments on each in turn.
The Linguist: Fraser and a Multilingual Scottish Highlands
Authors: Worthington David
Published: September 2023

To consider the Highlands before Culloden as exclusively monolingual, either Gaelic or English, would be false. Being trilingual became the norm in Fraser’s ‘firthlands’, it comprising a region where Gaelic, Scots and, by the 1650s, English, all had their uses for everyday speech, in which some were accustomed to a high standard of education, and to national and international travel for military, socio-economic or cultural reasons, thus to picking up other languages. It is almost certain that Fraser uttered his first words in Gaelic, this followed by him acquiring a speaking knowledge of Scots, reading knowledge of English, Latin and some Hebrew, while his travel memoirs record his unusually-fixed determination to attain verbal dexterity in French, Spanish, Italian, German, ‘Slavonick’, Hungarian, ‘Bohemian’ and Dutch. Nevertheless, Fraser’s surviving writings, while they are ripe for harvesting in terms of their references to languages, are in a Scots-influenced English, reflecting his wish to reach a wider audience.
The Scientist: ‘Natural Philosophy’ in Fraser’s Scholarly Networks and Life-writing
Authors: Worthington David
Published: September 2023

Fraser’s intellectual contribution highlights the scholarly streams that could filter out from the north of Scotland, rather than it being simply a sponge soaking up metropolitan learning. While he could be deferential to centralising polities in both Edinburgh or London, he also shows, time and again, the viability, vitality and connected nature of north Highland and Moray intellectual culture of the time. Despite a lack of formal clubs, societies, libraries or coffee houses to encourage him, Fraser positioned himself skilfully as the key Highland spokesperson and informant for internationally-known erudites like Edward Lhwyd and Sir John Aubrey. Fraser wished to impress on his friends and readers his own place’s contribution to ‘natural philosophy’, that is, the pursuit of systematic knowledge of the physical world. It was a sphere of activity which, for Fraser, embraced cosmology, meteorology, geology and natural history, and led him, from there, towards extensive reflections on health, medicine and folklore.
Conclusion: Memory, Biography and Scottish Highland History before Culloden
Authors: Worthington David
Published: September 2023

One of the notable features of the Highlands and Scotland that the book has sought to highlight is how the civil wars of 1638-60, the 1688-90 period, the beginnings of Jacobitism and the Treaty of Union of 1707, made rigidity and complacency extremely poor survival strategies. This placed Fraser towards the social, political or religious edge at several points in his life. If we consider his seventy-five years as a whole, the ‘curious cleric’ was a subversive as much as he was a conformist. Key to understanding this, as regards Fraser, has been to position his life-writing within the dynamic, distinct social and cultural context of the Highlands of his time. Fraser’s part of Scotland was being deeply affected by metropoles further south in his lifetime, certainly, but not exclusively by them. It took influences from peoples to its east, north and west too. This conclusion shows that, due to this, its people were making striking, distinctive contributions to the world of their own, and, to some extent, continuing to determine their trajectory while within the Scottish state and Stuart multiple kingdom, a situation in which clanship remained dynamic and the Gaelic language vital.
The Sense of Place in Contemporary Cinema
Authors: Maury Corinne
Published: September 2023

What purpose does place serve in films, when it is not just a background to actions, or indistinguishable from the landscape, or, worse, a simple space to walk through, a kind of neutral territory? This book analyses the notion of place in contemporary cinema, using in particular theories of space that were developed in the fields of geography and anthropology (landscape, territory, site). How do the different forms of places manifest themselves on screen? What are their different aspects, their matric potentialities? Filmmakers as Chantal Akerman, Lisandro Alonso, Pedro Costa, Bruno Dumont, Béla Tarr, Avi Mograbi, Tariq Teguia, Philippe Grandrieux, Danièle Huillet & Jean-Marie Straub, or Sharunas Bartas, chose not to focus solely the cinematic narration on the fate of the characters. They showed telluric spatialities, inhabited territories, existential matrices where ways of doing and of living were mobilized, where forces of emancipation and existential weaknesses were carried out. Welcoming rooms, remarkable transitions, havens for individual and communal destinies: place in cinema sometimes implies the insecurity of an unfinished project, sometimes the solidity of fortifications.
Blow Up My Town: Everyday Rowdiness
Authors: Maury Corinne
Published: September 2023

This chapter shows that in Chantal Akerman’s films, the apartment is an alcove, a retreat, within which the cloistered powers of the quotidian are revealed, as well as its alienating flaws. It analyses the indirectly political critique of daily life offered, with a sort of dislocated enthusiasm, by the filmmaker, even in her early film Blow Up My Town. This film stages what could be called reversed domesticity; the point is to overthrow the established order, to get rid of the tasks imposed by daily life and thus to throw everything into chaos. Through gentle madness and charming unsteadiness, the I rebels against space, against objects, against anything that implies and symbolizes domestic repetition.
Jeanne Dielman: Neurotic Seclusion
Authors: Maury Corinne
Published: September 2023

This chapter shows that in some Chantal Akerman’s films, houses and flats are restless epicentres, where the quotidian is perceived as a burden and where the soul’s wounds are expressed. To dwell does not mean to celebrate of the forces of domestic space, but quite the opposite: it means to be constantly shaken by psychological states, by the body’s agitation. In Jeanne Dielman, 23, quai du commerce, 1080 Bruxelles (1975), Jeanne is besieged by the anticipation and the over-organisation of the mundane. Chores (cooking, cleaning, washing) follow one another, their succession determined by Jeanne’s neuroses and her need to feel protected from a life filled with inhibitions and prohibitions. This chapter also shows that it is precisely the body’s agitation, the confusion of the mind (the disturbances, the dysfunctions) that fix the subject in space, that immobilize them, and that sometimes make them want to desert, to leave, to go into temporary exile.
Avi Mograbi: The Political Workshop
Authors: Maury Corinne
Published: September 2023

In the movies of the Israeli filmmaker Avi Mograbi, the apartment is both a home and a workshop, and as such, it is connected both to the streets and their daily violence, and to the family, since the filmmaker’s wife and child often appear within the field of view, going about their business. This chapter shows how a private apartment can function as a “confession box” and an office of political intervention; it becomes, through the presence of the camera and the dialogues between the filmmaker and the audience, a place where a collective examination of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict can be encouraged. This chapter analyses among others the film August: A Moment before the Explosion and shows how Avi Mograbi sets up in his own home a theater workshop, which leads to a “delusion of interpretation” (the making of a hypothetical film about Baruch Goldstein, the Jewish extremist) that puts into question the whirlwind of action in the streets, where the Palestinian Intifada rages.
A Moving Inwardness: Alexander Sokurov’s A Humble Life
Authors: Maury Corinne
Published: September 2023

In the film A Humble Life, the Russian filmmaker Alexander Sokurov’s depicts the daily life of an old lady who live alone in a village in the mountains near Nara, in Japan. Most of her time is spent sewing funeral kimonos. Her house is not shown as a domestic and functional topography, but as an allied covering that strengthens the solitary body. The dwelling, a traditional wooden house, is at once a place of protection, of meditation and of production. This chapter examines how Sokurov’s camera reveals the delicate forces of the house and elevates its strengthening virtues. The images remain fixed, unmoving, so as to better capture the penetrating powers of the adorned outside, as it creeps in through the open doors, unobtrusively. The Japanese house seems here to be a floating and ever-changing anchorage that follows the precepts of Japanese spatial conceptions, closely associating inwardness and motion.
Lisandro Alonso’s La Libertad and Los Muertos: The Dual Forest
Authors: Maury Corinne
Published: September 2023

In the films La Libertad and Los Muertos directed by Lisandro Alonso, the forest stands as a production site. In La Libertad, a young woodcutter walks around a wooded area that appears on screen as a resource to be exploited. The temporal breadth of the shots shows the work progressing and depicts the bleak life of the woodcutter, who fells trees, transports them and sells the lumber. This chapter shows that in La Libertad, the forest is a resource, but, in Los Muertos, however, it is a predatory and ungenerous place. The analysis emphasizes that those two films represent forests in radically different ways. It is a hinterland, in Los Muertos, an alcove in the landscape, the site of a double homicide; in La Libertad, the forest is exploited for its natural resources, a place of work and life.
Tariq Teguia and the Algerian Banlieue: A Field of Ruins
Authors: Maury Corinne
Published: September 2023

This chapter analyses the film Rome Rather Than You, in which Tariq Teguia films the banlieue as a standing ruin, a soulless fortification, a dynamic architecture at a standstill, as if to show a collapse without rubble. The banlieue is a disaster area, but without visible debris; it is fragmented, ripped apart, closer to demolition than to edification. This chapter argues that the neighbourhood, La Madrague appears in Rome Rather Than You as ‘constructed ruins’. They are an absence of memory, a raw reality that cancels all imaginary beliefs, that mirrors the overall paralysis of Algeria.
Bruno Dumont’s Hamlets: Cursed and Isolated Places
Authors: Maury Corinne
Published: September 2023

In the film Hors Satan, the farm and the hamlet accumulate traces of the past and of fatal mysteries, but in the tumultuous natural environment of the Opal Coast, by contrast, temporality is open-ended and perpetually changing. This chapter shows that there is a radical break between the place and the environment, between culture and nature; the hamlet appears irremediably perverted by men. This chapter reveals that Bruno Dumont’s tormented narrative goes back and forth, in a continuous series of ruptures, thus making the distinction between the two even clearer. It shows that the film Hors Satan is, in fact, a diptych, with two vastly different, even incompatible parts: one that celebrates the energy of life, of both the sacred and the spiritual, and another that shows only the abject and the defective, inertia and stagnation.