bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RADIAL VARIATION OF TRACHEID FEATURES, SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND GROWTH RINGS IN Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze PLANTED IN CUNHA-SP
Authors: Santos Camila Moura , Starzynski Roberto , Longui Eduardo Luiz , Romeiro Diego , Lima Israel Luiz de , Florsheim Sandra Monteiro Borges
Published: March 2016

We investigated wood features along growth rings of Araucaria angustifolia trees planted between November and December of 1980 in Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar in Cunha, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Our goal was to determine radial variation of the tracheid features and specific gravity. For these analyses, we employed the usual methodologies for determining the tracheid dimensions by maceration. Based on the relationship between weight/volume of samples and growth rings, specific gravity was determined after discs were polished. Following the Typical Radial Pattern – (TRP), we observed a significant increase in length, diameter and wall thickness of tracheids toward the bark. Positive relationships were observed between all tracheid features and specific gravity, showing that the increase in length and, especially, wall thickness contributed to the increase in specific gravity toward the bark.
The World Wealth and Income Database (WID)
Authors: Izmirlioglu Ahmet
Published: March 2016

n/a
Ensaio clínico controlado randomizado: região ventro glútea, local alternativo para aplicação da benzilpenicilina benzatina G
Authors: Oliveira Laura Ferreira , Junqueira Priscilla Santos , Silva Maisa Rodrigues da , Souza Márcia Maria de , Teles Sheila Araujo , Junqueira Ana Luiza Neto
Published: March 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o nível de dor relacionada à administração da Benzilpenicilina Benzatina G nas regiões ventro glútea (VG) e dorso glútea (DG). Ensaio clínico controlado randomizado. Participaram do estudo 61 pessoas, 31 do grupo de intervenção (região VG) e 30 do grupo controle (região DG). O teste de qui-quadrado e Mann–Whitney foram utilizados para testar diferenças entre proporções e comparar tendências centrais entre os grupos, respectivamente. Valores de p ? 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significantes. Nos três momentos avaliados, a média do escore de dor foi maior quando a aplicação do fármaco ocorreu na região VG vs. DG. No primeiro e terceiro minuto a diferença foi estatisticamente significativa. Estes resultados ratificam a região VG como local alternativo com menor reação local para aplicação de injeções intramusculares.
Qualidade de vida em pesquisas com usuários em tratamento para abuso e dependência de substâncias
Authors: Campêlo Selva Rios , Barbosa Maria Alves , Porto Celmo Celeno
Published: March 2016

O estudo objetivou identificar instrumentos de Qualidade de Vida e sua finalidade em pesquisas com usuários em tratamento para abuso e dependência de substâncias. Trata-se de revisão integrativa, cujos artigos estavam disponíveis na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), e publicados entre 2010 e 2015 com os descritores Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias e Qualidade de Vida associados. Vinte e nove textos foram analisados e os instrumentos agrupados em quatro diferentes possibilidades de utilização de medidas de Qualidade de Vida. A maioria utilizou instrumentos genéricos, tais como WHOQOL-Bref de Qualidade de Vida geral, e SF-36 de Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde (QVRS). Recomenda-se a realização de mais estudos relacionados ao uso de instrumentos de Qualidade de Vida no âmbito da dependência, principalmente em relação aos instrumentos específicos que começam a surgir nas pesquisas e ainda não são consolidados na área.
Quedas em Instituições para idosos: caracterização dos episódios de quedas e fatores de risco associados
Authors: Baixinho Cristina Rosa Soares Lavareda , Dixe Maria dos Anjos Coelho Rodrigues
Published: March 2016

As quedas são o principal acidente nos idosos e têm repercussões na funcionalidade. Os idosos por medo de nova queda impõem ou vêm ser-lhes impostas restrições à sua atividade. Estudo longitudinal prospectivo, realizado em 104 idosos institucionalizados, ao longo de seis meses, com os objetivos: determinar a prevalência de quedas, caracterizar a queda quanto ao local, horário, lesões resultantes, vigilância do idoso, atividade que estava a ser executada no momento da queda e relacionar a ocorrência de queda com o risco de queda, diagnósticos médicos, número de medicamentos que o idoso faz uso, tipo de medicamento, grau de dependência, idade e sexo. A prevalência de quedas foi de 37,5%, estas ocorrem predominantemente no quarto, durante a marcha ao levantar da cama. Tem maior prevalência de quedas quem tem risco na escala de Morse (p=0,034) e consome sedativos (p=0,007). Este estudo permite fazer sugestões para a prática, formação e investigação.
Rede de atendimento ao adolescente em situação de violência: percepções dos profissionais de saúde
Authors: Gonçalves Cláudia Fabiane Gomes , Silva Lygia Maria Pereira da , Pitangui Ana Carolina Rodarti
Published: March 2016

O estudo objetivou compreender as percepções dos profissionais de saúde sobre a configuração dos vínculos entre um serviço de saúde e as instituições envolvidas na rede de enfrentamento da violência contra adolescentes. Estudo descritivo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa, realizado em 2013. Participaram do estudo gerentes de serviços de um hospital de referência para atendimento aos casos de violência, de uma capital do nordeste brasileiro. Os dados foram coletados por preenchimento do mapa de vínculos e entrevistas semiestruturadas, analisados por meio da técnica análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Os sujeitos reconhecem o serviço de saúde na rede de atendimento como relevante, entretanto identificaram limites de ordem política e estrutural. Conclui-se que a rede de atendimento é valorizada, mas considerada insuficiente e carente de normas técnicas específicas. É necessário o fortalecimento dos vínculos institucionais, de forma, que o trabalho em rede, contribua efetivamente com as ações de caráter integral, intersetorial e interdisciplinar.
Objeto digital em enfermagem neonatal: impacto na aprendizagem de estudantes
Authors: Aredes Natália Del’Angelo , Góes Fernanda dos Santos Nogueira de , Silva Marta Angélica Iossi , Gonçalves Marlene Fagundes Carvalho , Fonseca Luciana Mara Monti
Published: March 2016

O estudo comparou a aprendizagem cognitiva de estudantes de enfermagem, sobre avaliação clínica do prematuro, dividindo-os entre os que utilizaram e que não utilizaram objeto digital de aprendizagem (ODA) como material de apoio. Além disso, avaliou o ODA na opinião dos estudantes. O quase-experimento foi conduzido no contexto da disciplina de saúde infantil de um curso de Enfermagem, em que participaram 22 estudantes divididos entre grupo controle (n=10) e grupo experimental (n=12). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos, porém a comparação do desempenho intragrupos demonstrou diferença significativa em ambos, denotando os efeitos positivos da aprendizagem. Quanto à opinião dos estudantes, foram obtidas avaliações muito satisfatórias sobre o objeto digital e suas características de interação com o usuário. Apesar de não haver impacto significativo na comparação entre os grupos, a avaliação positiva de uso pelos estudantes reflete sua importância enquanto estratégia de inovação didática e motivação para os estudos.
FIRST RECORD OF PROSTATIC SCHISTOSOMIASIS IN PERNAMBUCO, BRAZIL: SIGNS OF CHRONICITY IN AN ENDEMIC DISEASE
Authors: Christine de Souza Gomes Elainne , Coutinh Domingues Ana Lúcia o , Carlos Amanajás de Aguiar Júnior Francisco , Raquel Pereira Dos Santos Katharine , Nerivânia Covello Rehn Vitorina , Montenegro De Melo Lira Mariana , Simões Barbosa Constança
Published: March 2016

A esquistossomose acomete, há séculos, a população rural de Pernambuco. Manifestações hepatoesplênicas e neurológicas desta parasitose têm sido frequentemente descritas. No entanto, a esquistossomose da próstata, causada pelo Schistosoma mansoni, nunca havia sido reportada em Pernambuco, o que demonstra a necessidade de registrar este caso. Apresentação do caso: Um paciente de 51 anos, após realizar uma prostectomia parcial por suspeita de neoplasia, foi diagnosticado com esquistossomose da próstata. Após o procedimento cirúrgico, foram coletadas amostras de fezes para a realização de testes parasitológicos que se revelaram positivos para S. mansoni, confirmando que o paciente ainda estava infectado. Exames laboratoriais e clínicos mostraram alterações na função hepática e confirmaram danos hepatointestinais. O acompanhamento ambulatorial do paciente demonstrou que os níveis de antígeno prostático específico permaneceram elevados e, um ano após a primeira intervenção cirúrgica, um exame anatomopatológico mostrou a permanência de lesões fibromatosas esquistossomóticas. Vale ressaltar que, após três tratamentos com praziquantel (abril e julho/2014, fevereiro/2015), os exames de fezes apresentaram-se negativos para S. mansoni. Conclui-se que este diagnóstico acidental de esquistossomose da próstata levanta dúvidas sobre a capacidade dos serviços de saúde para identificar e tratar as formas ectópicas da esquistossomose. A manutenção dos elevados níveis de PSA, mesmo após tratamento cirúrgico e farmacológico, sugerem que os danos causados por S. mansoni aos tecidos são irreversíveis. Portanto, os serviços de saúde devem estar preparados para investigar e diagnosticar os casos, visando à prevenção de sequelas crônicas e ao tratamento precoce.
EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES FOR RECOVERY OF Angiostrongylus vasorum FROM Achatina fulica, A POTENTIAL INTERMEDIATE HOST
Authors: Coaglio Aytube Lucas , Mozzer Lanuze Rose , Corrêa Deborah Negrão , Aparecida De Jesus Pereira Cíntia , Dos Santos Lima Walter
Published: March 2016

Moluscos são hospedeiros intermediários de Angiotrongylus vasorum, parasito com potencial zoonótico que tem os canídeos como hospedeiro definitivo. Neste trabalho, foram seccionados os tecidos de 180 espécimes de Achatina fulica infectados com 1.000 L1 de A. vasorum, os quais foram submetidos às seguintes técnicas: hidróxido de potássio 1% (grupo I), ácido clorídrico 3% (grupo II), ácido clorídrico e pepsina 1% (grupo III) em banho-maria a 37 °C e Baermann a 42 °C (grupo IV). No primeiro, oitavo e trigésimo dias após infecção (dpi), foram obtidos L1, L2 e L3, e 240 L3 recuperadas do grupo III foram fornecidas a um cão. Os resultados mostraram no grupo I: 59% L1, 7% L2 e 13% L3; no grupo II: 31% L1, 13% L2 e 27% L3, no grupo III: 23% L1, 22% L2 e 30% L3 e no grupo IV: 0,3% L1, 0,02% L2 e 5% L3. Observaram-se larvas vivas no grupo III: 15,5% L1 e 8,22% L3; no grupo II: 9,8% L3 e no grupo IV: 100% L1, L2 e L3. No 56° dpi, encontrou-se L1 nas fezes do cão. Pelas técnicas avaliadas, foram recuperados e identificados todos os estádios de A. vasorum intramolusco, confirmando o potencial de A. fulica como hospedeiro intermediário do nematoide.
Design for Manufacturing of an Aluminum Superplastic AA5083 Alloy Plate-Fin Heat Exchanger
Authors: Juneidi Nuha , Asha Rania , Jarrar Firas , Ozturk Fahrettin
Published: March 2016

Compact, lightweight, strong, and corrosion-resistant heat exchangers are required for many applications. In heat exchangers, plate-fin exchangers design with corrugated fins of triangular cross-sections provide high heat transfer surface area to volume ratio. This study focuses on the design for manufacturing of an aluminum AA5083 alloy plate-fin heat exchanger. The superplastic forming method is considered for the fabrication of the heat exchanger. A two-dimensional plane strain finite element model is used to study the effect of the triangular fins’ aspect ratio on the thickness distribution and the required gas forming pressure cycles. The simulation results show that the thinning in deep channels can be improved by increasing the coefficient of friction but only up to a certain limit. In addition, increasing the coefficient of friction reduces the required applied pressure on the sheet and increases the forming time. The present effort represents a necessary step toward the design of sophisticated corrugated triangular fin surfaces considering both performance and manufacturability.
The Effect of Islamic Revolution on the Muslim’s Intellectual Schools Case Study of Libya and Tunisia
Authors: Nikfar Jaseb , Mohammadi Ali , Dolatabadi Ali Bagheri , Esfahani Alireza Samiee
Published: March 2016

Nowadays the discussion of intellectual schools in the world, especially in the north of Africa is very important for the political analysts. The intellectual roots that existed in these regions from the beginning of independence were more toward the Islam. These roots mostly revealed themselves after the victory of Islamic revolution. The formation of Iran’s Islamic revolution on the top of west and east blocks’ mutuality was a paradigm of general direction of religions and Islamic values for forming the government. This article uses description- analytic method to investigate the effects of Islamic revolution on the Muslim’s intellectual schools in the north of Africa. Two main questions are How and in what direction has the Islamic revolution happening affected the Muslim’s intellectual schools in Libya and Tunisia? Findings of the research shows that with regards to the Muslim’s intellectual backgrounds that before the Islamic revolution existed, in these countries Islamic revolution caused the reinforcement and doubled motivation for these groups. But, yet the reinforcement of the activity of these groups caused their mutuality with the government and increase of violence and insecurity.
The Role of Municipality in Crime Prevention
Authors: Modaberi Sara , Momeni Mahdi
Published: March 2016

Environmental factors can cause criminal impetus, motivation, realization and intention and, on the other hand, they may act as a barrier against crime realization. Right architecture designing and crime prevention initiatives in the environment are a necessary solution in crime prevention. Changes in spatial structure and environmental conditions would lead into changes in criminals’ behavioral patterns. The question of this article is to clarify the role of municipality in crime prevention at urban ambiences through spatial designing. By such assumption, municipality can play a very constructive role in reducing the crimes by relying upon crime prevention strategic principles through spatial designing. Therefore, by using the principles of crime prevention theories through spatial designing, one can prevent or reduce crime and delinquency occurrence in urban environment. Thus, citizens’ security will be promoted. On this basis, the origination of many criminal acts in marginal areas should be looked for in contradictory social and economic structures and their problems. In addition to play a vital role in spatial designing, Municipality would assist and provide vulnerable classes with its services such as identifying and retaining homeless people or begs. Cultural poverty, unemployment, low self – esteem, lack of infrastructural services and absconding are, inter alia, the factors which play a vital role in leading these people toward criminal acts.
From the Mystical Unity to the Pantheism (Oneness of Existence)
Authors: Hakima Fatemeh , Nia Naser Moheseni , Saffari Mohammad Shafi , Ghafelehbashi Syed Esmail
Published: March 2016

In the gnostic literature of Iran and in the Islamic Gnosis, gnosis has been interpreted as an effort to save the individual by accessing to the real unity.
The unity, mystical journey (conduct) and the relation of God with creature are considered as three main axes under the theme of unity or the gnostic unity until before the pantheistic gnosis of Ibn Arabi, the concept's explanation and the definition of unity in terminological and lexical terms, expression of unity concept in the non-Islamic gnosis, explanation of unity concept in the Iranian-Islamic gnosis until the period of Ibn Arabi, expression of the way of mystical journey, explanation of mystics' attitude on the subject of mystic unity based on the belief of Gnostics of Khorasan school, expression of God's relation with creature in the Iranian and Ibn Arabi's gnosis are considered as the most fundamental under considering instances of this research work; in addition, a brief explanation on pantheism of Ibn Arabi is also under consideration. The theoretical pillars of exalted unity from the perspective of Ibn Arabi, are existence, entity and manifestation; Ibn Arabi, contrary to his preceding Gnostics doesn't consider the creatures mirageor hallucination. This view is somewhat different from the views of mystics of Khorasan, and Gnosis of Khorasan, the differences that have led to two ways of Conduct (Mystical journey) in gnosis. The scope of this research begins from the third century AD and continues by the end of the seventh century that is the rise of theoretical gnosis based on the Ibn Arabi's pantheistic opinions.
Migration and Cultural Identity Retention of Igbo Migrants in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Albert Ajani Oludele , Onodje Onah
Published: March 2016

Nigeria, a country of 170 million people and 250 ethnic nationalities presents a complex picture of internal migration within its geographical entity. This study investigated the issues relating to cultural identity retention among a highly migratory ethnic group, the Igbo, whose origin is in the Eastern part of Nigeria. The study employed exploratory research design. Twenty-five in-depth interviews were conducted and two focus group discussion sessions were held with members of Eha Alumona home town association in Ibadan, a city in the south western Nigeria. Data were collected during the association’s meetings and other cultural activities involving the members of the group. The study adopted thematic content analysis of its data. The findings indicate that the Igbo migrant association was a very active agency in the promotion of Igbo cultural identity among its members. Both material and non-material cultural elements were equally affected in the process of adaptation by the migrants. The study concludes that though the migrants indicated a high level of integration into their host culture, they continued to retain certain cultural elements of their community of origin.
The Politics of a Viable Alternative to Underdevelopment in Africa: The Case of Economic Integration in West Africa, 1960-1975
Authors: Salami Olawale Bakare
Published: March 2016

The paper examines the political obstacles facing economic co-operation in West Africa between 1960 and 1975. By comparing the economic and political factors that formed the pillars of sub-regional cooperation, the study submits that efforts to integrate the region before 1975 were marred by suspicion among members states and the meddlesomeness of foreign Powers such as France in the region. Drawing from its findings, the paper concludes that lack of commitment from member states delayed the integration of the region till 1975.
The Spiritual Well-Being Scale: Portuguese Translation and Suggestions for Use
Authors: Paloutzian Raymond F.
Published: March 2016

Recentemente, o estudo das relações entre religião e saúde tem se expandido para incluir o estudo das relações entre espiritualidade e saúde. "Espiritualidade" é normalmente considerado como sendo, entre os dois, o termo mais inclusivo. Entrementes, o conceito de bem-estar espiritual (SWB – spiritual well- being) tem sido invocado para refletir a auto-percepção de bem-estar em termos do que a própria pessoa entende como sendo o sentido de "espiritual" – quer seja com uma conotação religiosa ou existencial. Assim, espiritualidade e bem-estar espiritual não devem ser confundidos um com o outro. Medidas de cada constructo diferem nas dimensões psicológicas que tais termos estão tentando cobrir e no tipo de avaliações que se destinam a produzir. Este texto explica cada constructo e apresenta a tradução para o português da SWBS e faz sugestões de uso.
Il matrimonio fra Ataulfo e Galla Placidia tra prassi e diritto
Authors: Assorati Giovanni
Published: March 2016

The wedding between the king of the Visigoths Athaulf and the imperial princess Galla Placidia, nominally his captive, is mentioned by several ancient soureces more for its ideological value than for its political outcome. Many aspects are still obscure, in particular those concerning religion. It is possible that even the protagonists considered those aspects as less important.
Gli spazi abitativi della famiglia tardoantica
Authors: Baldini Isabella
Published: March 2016

The archaeology of housing allows only partially to investigate the family life during Late Antiquity. Rare is the possibility of a concrete perception of everyday spaces and objects, which we can only imagine on the basis the literary and iconographic sources. The documentation reveals a variety of building possibilities; at the same time, at a high social level, it shows a shared Mediterranean language in preferring some specific architectural typologies, decorations, single objects (furniture, textiles, silver vessels, pottery, etc.). All these data are useful to follow the development of the reference models and of the social practices.
Travolti dall’ascesi? Famiglie aristocratiche di Gallia passate dal secolo a Dio (fine IV - prime decadi V secolo)
Authors: Consolino Franca Ela
Published: March 2016

Object of that study have been several cases of noble couples in Gaul in the fourth and fifth century. Here, we choose people decision to embrace religious life. In many cases the concern remains the aristocratic increase of the glory of the family.
Rapporti familiari a ‘Mutina’ e nel suo agro tra III e V secolo d.C.: considerazioni alla luce della documentazione epigrafica
Authors: Mongardi Manuela
Published: March 2016

The paper focuses on the collection and analysis of the epigraphic evidence in Mutina dating from the 3

century AD to the 5

century AD, with particular attention to funerary inscriptions. For the period between the half of the 3

century AD and the half of the 4

century AD it can be noted a significant presence of military officers and exponents of the bureaucracy, who often reused ancienter proconnesian marble sarcophagi for themselves or their relatives. Almost all the inscriptions contain an explicit indication of the family relationships among the persons mentioned so it is possible to reconstruct family units which sometimes include ancestors until the second generation. An interesting case is that of the

, for whom epigraphic documents allow to reconstruct more than a family unit. In fact there are three inscriptions which have been traditionally related to

and mention three different wifes (

XI 831, 832, 1017); in particular two of them surely concern the

whereas the third one could be attributed to a namesake relative.
Il marito ‘dominus’ e la violenza coniugale nella società tardoantica (a partire da una costituzione di Teodosio II)
Authors: Neri Valerio
Published: March 2016

The research starts from a law of Theodosius II (C. 5.17.8) which allows the divorce to the wives subjected to flogging by husbands, declaring that this coercive form is unworthy of a free person. The law proposed a significant number of legitimate reasons for divorce changing the closed situation, especially for women, imposed by the Emperor Constantine. The author investigates the spread in late antiquity of a conception of the submission of the wife,

in relation to her husband

, which in some texts, especially of Augustine, justifies or at least tolerates the use by the husband of bodily coercive forms, including flogging and sometimes praises and preaches the need and the opportunity of patience on the part of wives. In Bible texts that support Christian authors in this conception of the marital relationship the translation of

which indicate in the greek text the role of husbands with

accentuates the absolute power of the husband over the wife as

unlike the greek

designates the power of the

on the slaves. Church fathers as Ambrose and John Chrysostom and indeed the Emperor Theodosius II express a thought contrary to this trend.
La famiglia cristiana: il fidanzamento nella costruzione di una identità religiosa (IV-V secolo)
Authors: Sardella Teresa
Published: March 2016

In this study we analyse the practice of Christian engagement in late antiquity as an example of the path of Christianization of the culture. The study starts from the fact that while for the pagans the engagement and marriage were moments separate, and the first did not imply the second, for Christians, the engagement becomes a real marriage promise.
The predominance of post‐wildfire erosion in the long‐term denudation of the Valles Caldera, New Mexico
Authors: Orem Caitlin A. , Pelletier Jon D.
Published: March 2016

Wildfires can dramatically increase erosion rates over time scales on the order of several years, yet few data firmly constrain the relative importance of post‐wildfire erosion in the long‐term denudation of landscapes. We tested the hypothesis that wildfire‐affected erosion is responsible for a large majority of long‐term denudation in the uplands of the Valles Caldera, New Mexico, by quantifying erosion rates in wildfire‐affected and non‐wildfire‐affected watersheds over short (~100–101 years) time scales using suspended sediment loads, multitemporal terrestrial laser scanning, and airborne laser scanning and over long (~103–106 years) time scales using 10Be inventories and incision into a dated paleosurface. We found that following the Las Conchas fire in 2011, mean watershed‐averaged erosion rates were more than 1000 µm yr−1, i.e., ~103–105 times higher than nearby unburned watersheds of similar area, relief, and lithology. Long‐term denudation rates are on the order of 10–100 µm yr−1. Combining data for wildfire‐affected and non‐wildfire‐affected erosion rates into a long‐term denudation rate budget, we found that wildfire‐affected erosion is responsible for at least 90% of denudation over geologic time scales in our study area despite the fact that such conditions occur only at a small fraction of the time. Monte Carlo analyses demonstrate that this conclusion is robust with respect to uncertainties in the rates and time scales used in the calculations.
Carving intracrater layered deposits with wind on Mars
Authors: Day M. , Anderson W. , Kocurek G. , Mohrig D.
Published: March 2016

Crater basins on Mars host thick sedimentary sequences, which record the environments of early Mars. These basin fills commonly exhibit mound morphologies thought to arise from aeolian erosion of initially crater filling strata. This study presents transport‐based models explaining how mounds could be carved by wind. Wind tunnel experiments generated morphologies similar to those observed on Mars, and numerical modeling of flow over a crater using large‐eddy simulation (LES) demonstrated a positive feedback between topographic focusing of flow and erosion potential. Observations of yardangs, dunes, and wind streaks, all proxies for wind direction, largely agree with model results. Where mound strata origins have been interpreted, basal subaqueous deposits are overlain by aeolian deposits. This stratigraphic progression, culminating in wind‐driven excavation, is consistent with a global desiccation event. The occurrence of sedimentary mounds only on Noachian terrain argues that this event was related to late Noachian climatic change.
First airborne samples of a volcanic plume for δ13C of CO2 determinations
Authors: Fischer Tobias P. , Lopez Taryn M.
Published: March 2016

Volcanic degassing is one of the main natural sources of CO2 to the atmosphere. Carbon isotopes of volcanic gases enable the determination of CO2 sources including mantle, organic or carbonate sediments, and atmosphere. Until recently, this work required sample collection from vents followed by laboratory analyses. Isotope ratio infrared analyzers now enable rapid analyses of plume δ13C‐CO2, in situ and in real time. Here we report the first analyses of δ13C‐CO2 from airborne samples. These data combined with plume samples from the vent area enable extrapolation to the volcanic source δ13C. We performed our experiment at the previously unsampled and remote Kanaga Volcano in the Western Aleutians. We find a δ13C source composition of −4.4‰, suggesting that CO2 from Kanaga is primarily sourced from the upper mantle with minimal contributions from subducted components. Our method is widely applicable to volcanoes where remote location or activity level precludes sampling using traditional methods.
Coordinated observations of F region 3 m field‐aligned plasma irregularities associated with medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances
Authors: Lin F. F. , Wang C. Y. , Su C. L. , Shiokawa K. , Saito S. , Chu Y. H.
Published: March 2016

Three meter field‐aligned irregularities (3 m FAIs) associated with medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) that occurred on 5 February 2008 were observed by using the Chung‐Li 52 MHz coherent scatter radar. Interferometry measurements show that the plasma structures responsible for the 3 m FAI echoes are in a clumpy shape with a horizontal dimension of about 10–78 km in a height range of 220–300 km. In order to investigate the dynamic behaviors of the plasma irregularities at different scales in the bottomside of F region, the VHF radar echo structures from the 3 m FAIs combined with the 630 nm airglow images provided by the Yonaguni all‐sky imager are compared and analyzed. The results show that the radar echoes were located at the west edge of the depletion zones of the 630 nm airglow image of the MSTIDs. The bulk echo structures of the 3 m FAIs drifted eastward at a mean trace velocity of about 30 m/s that is in general agreement with the zonal trace velocity of the MSTIDs shown in the 630 nm airglow images. These results suggest that the observed F region 3 m FAIs for the present case can be regarded as the targets that are frozen in the local region of the MSTIDs. In addition, the radar‐observed 3 m FAI echo intensity and spectral width bear high correlations to the percentage variations of the 630 nm emission intensity. These results seem to suggest that through the nonlinear turbulence cascade process, the MSTID‐associated 3 m FAIs are very likely generated from the kilometer‐scale plasma irregularities with large amplitude excited by the gradient drift instability.
How Micropatterning and Surface Functionalization Affect the Wetting Behavior of ZnO Nanostructured Surfaces
Authors: Laurenti Marco , Verna Alessio , Fontana Marco , Stassi Stefano , Canavese Giancarlo , Marasso Simone L. , Cauda Valentina
Published: March 2016

Smart surfaces with a tunable wetting behavior between superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic states are of great interest for different applications, such as novel self‐cleaning/antifogging layers, or in view of the development of microfluidic devices and chemical/biochemical sensors of new generation. This work shows the tuning of the wetting behavior of hydrothermally grown zinc oxide nanowires (NWs) by combining the dual effect resulting from either surface chemical functionalization of the NWs and their growth on substrates prepatterned with different micro‐sized geometries. The characterization results highlight that vertically aligned ZnO NWs successfully cover all the microfeatures of the patterned substrates and can be successfully functionalized with aminopropyl groups. This chemical functionalization drives the initial transition of as‐prepared, superhydrophilic ZnO NWs toward a superhydrophobic regime. Then, protonation/deprotonation of amine groups, induced by their interaction with acid or basic media, changes the wetting state of ZnO NWs between hydrophilic and hydrophobic regimes. Reversible and successful switching from hydrophobic to hydrophilic states can be achieved under ad hoc conditions, in particular using appropriate micropatterns that do not favor the formation and entrapment of air bubbles.
Carbon Nanomaterials in Different Dimensions for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Ni Jiangfeng , Li Yan
Published: March 2016

Carbon nanomaterials including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and their assemblies represent a unique type of materials in diverse formats and dimensions. They feature a large surface area, superior conductivity, fast charge transport, and intrinsic stability, which are essentially required for vari­ous electrochemical energy storage (EES) systems such as Li‐ion batteries, supercapacitors, and redox flow cells. The scaled‐up and reliable production and assembly of carbon nanomaterials is a prerequisite for the development of carbon nanomaterial‐based EES devices. In this progress report, the preparation of carbon nanostructures and the state‐of‐the‐art applications of carbon nanomaterials with different dimensions in versatile EES systems are summarized. The importance of the synergetic effect induced by interactions between nanocarbons and active electrode species is highlighted. The main challenges and prospects in this field are also discussed.
Optimal placement of gas detectors: A P‐median formulation considering dynamic nonuniform unavailabilities
Authors: Benavides‐Serrano A. J. , Mannan M. S. , Laird C. D.
Published: March 2016

A stochastic programming formulation (SPqt), based on the P‐median problem, is proposed for determining the optimal placement of detectors in mitigation systems while considering nonuniform dynamic detector unavailabilities. Unlike previously proposed formulations, SPqt explicitly considers backup detection levels. This allows the modeller to determine the maximum degree of the nonlinear products to be used based on the trade‐off between computational complexity and solution accuracy. We analyze this trade‐off on formulation SPqt results by using 4 real data sets for the gas detector placement problem while using unavailability values obtained from real industry gas detector data. For this data, our results show that two detection levels are sufficient to find objective values within 1% of the optimal solution. Using two detection levels reduces the nonlinear formulation to a quadratic formulation. Three solution strategies are proposed for this quadratic formulation and then compared from the computational efficiency perspective. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2728–2739, 2016
Identification of a novel insertion mutation in FGFR3 that causes thanatophoric dysplasia type 1
Authors: Lindy Amanda S. , Basehore Monica J. , Munisha Mumingjiang , Williams Aimee Leanne , Friez Michael J. , Writzl Karin , Willems Patrick , Dougan Scott T.
Published: March 2016

Thanatophoric dysplasia is a type of short‐limbed neonatal dwarfism that is usually lethal in the perinatal period. It is characterized by short limbs, a narrow, bell‐shaped thorax, macrocephaly with a prominent forehead, and flattened vertebral bodies. These malformations result from autosomal dominant mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene. In this report, we describe a novel FGFR3 insertion mutation in a fetus with shortened limbs, curved femurs, and a narrow thorax. The diagnosis of thanatophoric dysplasia type 1 was suspected clinically, and FGFR3 sequencing showed a c.742_743insTGT variant, which predicts p.R248delinsLC. In vivo studies in zebrafish demonstrated that this mutation resulted in the overexpression of zebrafish Fgfr3, leading to the over‐activation of downstream signaling and dorsalized embryos. To date, no insertions or deletions in FGFR3 have been reported to cause thanatophoric dysplasia types 1 or 2; therefore, this represents the first report to describe such a mutation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Chiral Compounds with Quaternary Centers by Organocatalytic Cascade Reactions
Authors: Tian Li , Luo Yong‐Chun , Hu Xiu‐Qin , Xu Peng‐Fei
Published: March 2016

Quaternary carbon stereocenters are present in a wide variety of organic compounds and drug molecules. Highly enantioselective construction of such quaternary carbon stereocenters has received considerable attention owing to the great challenges in their syntheses. With the development of asymmetric organocatalytic cascade reactions, several efficient methods for the construction of optically pure compounds with quaternary carbon centers have been developed. This focused review highlights the asymmetric synthesis of chiral compounds with quaternary centers through organocatalytic cascade reactions.
Patient knowledge and expectations in endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Neubauer Paul D. , Tabaee Abtin , Schwam Zachary G. , Francis Fayanne K. , Manes R. Peter
Published: March 2016

Background

The potential for patient misconceptions about endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) has implications for the informed consent process. An understanding of patients’ baseline knowledge and sources of information regarding ESS would improve surgeons’ ability to counsel patients preoperatively and provide effective educational materials.

Methods

A prospective patient survey was performed at 2 independent tertiary care medical centers. Patients who were offered ESS as part of routine rhinology care were queried about expectations, knowledge, and sources of information regarding ESS before preoperative counseling.

Results

Of the 30 patients who completed the survey, 70% of patients reported doing research on ESS before the visit. The most common sources of information were friends and family (40%), YouTube (30.0%), and WebMD (26.7%). The most important factors researched included risks (95%), benefits (85%), and recovery related issues (70%). Patients in the younger group used healthcare and physician rating websites whereas none of the patients older than the median age of 44 years reported using them (33.3% vs 0%, p = 0.028). The older group more often relied upon healthcare providers than the younger group (71.5% vs 18.8%, p = 0.011). A range of responses were noted regarding early postoperative symptoms and recovery time.

Conclusion

This study identified a varied understanding of ESS including significant misconceptions about risks, anesthesia, and need for ongoing therapy, among others. Patients obtain their information from a variety of sources including peers, other doctors, and the Internet. Awareness of the gaps in patient knowledge and the sources of information will improve preoperative counseling.
Recombinant Cyanobacteria for the Asymmetric Reduction of C=C Bonds Fueled by the Biocatalytic Oxidation of Water
Authors: Köninger Katharina , Gómez Baraibar Álvaro , Mügge Carolin , Paul Caroline E. , Hollmann Frank , Nowaczyk Marc M. , Kourist Robert
Published: March 2016

A recombinant enoate reductase was expressed in cyanobacteria and used for the light‐catalyzed, enantioselective reduction of C=C bonds. The coupling of oxidoreductases to natural photosynthesis allows asymmetric syntheses fueled by the oxidation of water. Bypassing the addition of sacrificial cosubstrates as electron donors significantly improves the atom efficiency and avoids the formation of undesired side products. Crucial factors for product formation are the availability of NADPH and the amount of active enzyme in the cells. The efficiency of the reaction is comparable to typical whole‐cell biotransformations in E. coli. Under optimized conditions, a solution of 100 mg prochiral 2‐methylmaleimide was reduced to optically pure 2‐methylsuccinimide (99 % ee, 80 % yield of isolated product). High product yields and excellent optical purities demonstrate the synthetic usefulness of light‐catalyzed whole‐cell biotransformations using recombinant cyanobacteria.
Discovery of a Promiscuous Non‐Heme Iron Halogenase in Ambiguine Alkaloid Biogenesis: Implication for an Evolvable Enzyme Family for Late‐Stage Halogenation of Aliphatic Carbons in Small Molecules
Authors: Hillwig Matthew L. , Zhu Qin , Ittiamornkul Kuljira , Liu Xinyu
Published: March 2016

The elucidation of enigmatic enzymatic chlorination timing in ambiguine indole alkaloid biogenesis led to the discovery and characterization of AmbO5 protein as a promiscuous non‐heme iron aliphatic halogenase. AmbO5 was shown capable of selectively modifying seven structurally distinct ambiguine, fischerindole and hapalindole alkaloids with chlorine via late‐stage aliphatic C−H group functionalization. Cross‐comparison of AmbO5 with a previously characterized aliphatic halogenase homolog WelO5 that has a restricted substrate scope led to the identification of a C‐terminal sequence motif important for substrate tolerance and specificity. Mutagenesis of 18 residues of WelO5 within the identified sequence motif led to a functional mutant with an expanded substrate scope identical to AmbO5, but an altered substrate specificity from the wild‐type enzymes. These observations collectively provide evidence on the evolvable nature of AmbO5/WelO5 enzyme duo in the context of hapalindole‐type alkaloid biogenesis and implicate their promise for the future development of designer biocatalysis for the selective late‐stage modification of unactivated aliphatic carbon centers in small molecules with halogens.
Performance of palm oil‐based dihydroxystearic acid as ionizable molecule in waterborne polyurethane dispersions
Authors: KosheelaDevi P. P. , Tuan Noor Maznee T. I. , Hoong S. S. , Nurul 'Ain H. , Mohd. Norhisham S. , Norhayati M. N. , Srihanum A. , Yeong S. K. , Hazimah A. H. , Sendijarevic V. , Sendijarevic A.
Published: March 2016

Waterborne polyurethane dispersions (WPUDs) containing a renewable palm oil‐based 9,10‐dihydroxystearic acid (DHSA) as an isocyanate‐reactive compound bearing ionizable carboxylic group to incorporate hydrophilic groups into the polymer chain have been successfully prepared. The WPUDs were prepared by using polyether and polyester polyols of 2000 molecular weight, DHSA and its traditional petroleum‐based counterpart 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl)‐propionic acid (DMPA), and an aliphatic diisocyanate (isophorone diisocyanate, IPDI). A comparison was made between the properties of WPUDs obtained using blends of DHSA and DMPA at different molar ratios and a reference WPUD based on DMPA. The particle size of polyester type WPUDs containing DHSA was reduced at a 0.5 to 0.5 molar ratio of DMPA to DHSA. A lower initial temperature was used in the preparation of NCO‐prepolymers with DHSA as compared to DMPA and this eased the preparation of WPUDs. The effect of molar ratio of DMPA to DHSA on the properties of films and coatings prepared with WPUDs was evaluated. The best properties were obtained with WPUDs prepared with a 0.5 to 0.5 molar ratio of DMPA to DHSA. The incorporation of renewable palm oil‐based DHSA into WPUDs improved water resistance (lower water uptake) and exhibited good combination of properties including hardness, adhesion strength, tensile strength, and elasticity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43614.
Re‐exploration of the Codon Context Effect on Amber Codon‐Guided Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids in Escherichia coli by the Blue–White Screening Assay
Authors: Xu Huan , Wang Yan , Lu Jiaqi , Zhang Bo , Zhang Ziwei , Si Longlong , Wu Ling , Yao Tianzhuo , Zhang Chuanling , Xiao Sulong , Zhang Lihe , Xia Qing , Zhou Demin
Published: March 2016

The effect of codon context on amber codon‐guided incorporation of noncanonical amino acids (NAAs) has been previously examined by antibiotic selection. Here, we re‐explored this effect by screening a library in which three nucleotides upstream and downstream of the amber codon were randomised, and inserted within the lacZ‐α gene. Thousands of clones were obtained and distinguished by the depth of blue colour upon exposure to X‐gal. Large‐scale sequencing revealed remarkable preferences in nucleotides downstream of the amber codon, and moderate preferences for upstream nucleotides. Nucleotide preference was quantified by a dual‐luciferase assay, which verified that the optimum context for NAA incorporation, AATTAGACT, was applicable to different proteins. Our work provides a general guide for engineering amber codons into genes of interest in bacteria.
Closure of Secundum Atrial Septal Defects by Using the Occlutech Occluder Devices in More Than 1300 Patients: The IRFACODE Project: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Haas Nikolaus A. , Soetemann Dagmar B. , Ates Ismail , Baspinar Osman , Ditkivskyy Igor , Duke Christopher , Godart Francois , Lorber Avraham , Oliveira Edmundo , Onorato Eustaquio , Pac Feyza , Promphan Worakan , Riede Frank‐Thomas , Roymanee Supaporn , Sabiniewicz Robert , Shebani Suhair Omar , Sievert Horst , Tin Do , Happel Christoph M.
Published: March 2016

Background

The Occlutech Figulla ASD device series (OFSO) shows an improved device design for interventional ASD closure, larger follow‐up series are missing.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the feasibility, safety, implantation properties, results, and follow‐up of ASD closure using Occlutech devices over a 5 year period by establishing a multi‐institutional collaborative result registry with 16 contributing centers from 11 countries (IRFACODE).

Results

In 1315 patients of all age groups (female 66.9%), successful (98%) ASD closure was performed (mean age 28.9 years, weight 52 kg, height 148.6 cm). Of the defects, 47.9% showed no or only a deficient aortic rim; in 11.9%, there was more than one defect; a septum aneurysm was present in 21.5%; and the mean implanted device size was 20.5 mm. Immediate closure was achieved in 78.6%, at discharge in 83.1%, and 96.4% and 97.3% at 6 and 12 months follow‐up, respectively. During a mean follow‐up of 2.7 years (in total 3597 patient years), significant complications were minimal (total = 8, <1%) with secondary device embolizations in five and AV‐blocks in three patients. No erosion or death was reported.

Conclusion

ASD closure using OFSO is feasible in a large variety of patients, safe with only a minimal risk of severe side effects and especially without any aortic erosions despite a large percentage of large and complicated defects. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficacy of a balloon‐expandable vascular access system in transfemoral TAVI patients
Authors: Millán Xavier , Azzalini Lorenzo , Khan Razi , Cournoyer Daniel , Dorval Jean‐François , Ibrahim Reda , Bonan Raoul , Asgar Anita W.
Published: March 2016

Background

Vascular complications (VC) are a serious and frequent complication of transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and result in increased morbidity and mortality. It has been suggested that newly developed vascular sheaths may increase the ability to perform transfemoral TAVI in patients with normal and access‐limiting peripheral artery disease (PAD) and reduce vascular complications. Aims: We sought to assess the safety and efficacy of the 19 French (F) SoloPath balloon‐expandable transfemoral vascular access system in patients who underwent transfemoral TAVI at our center between 2011 and 2014. Methods and results: Single‐center retrospective study of 90 patients who underwent transfemoral TAVI with the use of the SoloPath sheath. Patients were categorized into two groups according to a sheath to femoral artery ratio (SFAR) of less than or equal to 1.05, or greater than 1.05. Overall, the incidence of major bleeding complications was low, 4.4%. No significant differences were found in technical or procedural success rates (100% in both groups and 100% vs. 91.3; P = 0.09; respectively), total vascular complications (20.8 vs. 21.7; P = 0.92) or total bleeding complications (20.8 vs. 30.4; P = 0.36 between those with SFAR greater or less than 1.05. Conclusions: The use of the SoloPath balloon‐expandable sheath is feasible and safe even in patients with SFAR > 1.05, showing no increased vascular or bleeding complications compared to patients with larger vascular access. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.