bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of antimicrobial stewardship in pneumonia management: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis
Authors: Zhexenova Azhar N. , Mukyshova Gulbanu , Aliyeva Lida , Kandygulova Gulnara , Yegizbayeva Dina , Zhylkybekova Aliya , Ablakimova Nurgul
Published: July 2024

Objectives

This comprehensive bibliometric analysis explores the evolving trends in antimicrobial stewardship programs for enhancing treatment and diagnostics of pneumonia from 2006 to 2023.

Materials and methods

This research included a performance analysis and science mapping using RStudio v.4.3.1 and the bibliometric R‐package, with a data analysis conducted using Biblioshiny and Scopus. The study identified publication trends, prolific journals, leading institutions and authors, collaboration patterns, and keyword frequencies.

Results

The study, based on 789 relevant studies from 287 sources, reveals a substantial increase in publications, collaborative authorship, and citations, with an average of 14.37 citations per document. The Annual Growth Rate for this research domain exhibits a steady increase of 30.13%, emphasizing the expanding scope of research output. Twelve key journals are identified using Bradford's Law with “Antibiotics” being the most prolific, contributing 6.5% of the total articles during the study period. Leading institutions in this research domain include the All‐India Institute of Medical Sciences and the University of Cape Town, each with 21 articles, reflecting their commitment. Dr. S.E. Cosgrove emerges as a key author with eight contributions, followed by other influential contributors. The United States leads in the number of publications, with Italy and Spain following closely. The analysis reveals a concentration of research output in high‐income countries, raising questions about accessibility and research capabilities in lower‐income nations. Addressing these disparities is crucial for comprehensive global strategies in pneumonia management. The study acknowledges limitations, such as database selection and language bias.

Conclusion

The research trends in antimicrobial stewardship for pneumonia treatment and diagnostics demonstrate a global increase in scholarly output. These findings provide valuable insights into collaborative networks, influential authors, leading institutions, and emerging topics.
Predicting latent counselor interpersonal stress profiles according to challenging clients
Authors: Moore C. Missy , Crawford Carey C. , Graham Adrienne R. , Burrell Vivian D.
Published: July 2024

Clinical work with challenging, difficult, or dislikable clients can elicit negative experiences for professional counselors. Using quantitative content analysis methodology embedded in a cross‐sectional, correlational design, we examined the prevalence of challenging client presentations and their influence on latent counselor interpersonal stress profiles using a large sample (n = 1356). Challenging client presentations associated with client expectations and progress, therapy‐interfering behaviors, client traits and behaviors, and counselor concerns and experiences predicted counselor membership in Disconnected, Exasperated, Paralyzed, Anguished, and Distressed Counselor profiles in comparison to the Relaxed Counselor profile. Recommendations for strengthening clinical practice and counselor wellness when working with challenging, difficult, or dislikable clients are provided.
Sarcopenia is associated with short‐ and long‐term mortality in patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure
Authors: Zeng Fan , Jiang Wei , Chang Xiujun , Yang Fuxun , Luo Xiaoxiu , Liu Rongan , Lei Yu , Li Jiajia , Pan Chun , Huang Xiaobo , Sun Huaiqiang , Lan Yunping
Published: July 2024

Background

While sarcopenia is recognized as a predictor of mortality in cirrhosis, its influence on acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) remains uncertain. Despite multiple studies examining the impact of sarcopenia on short‐term mortality in patients with ACLF, the sample size of these studies was limited, and their outcomes were inconsistent. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the impact of sarcopenia on both short‐ and long‐term mortality in patients with ACLF.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 414 patients with ACLF that were treated between January 2016 and September 2022. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on the measurement of the skeletal muscle index at the third lumbar vertebra (L3‐SMI). Subsequently, the patients were divided into sarcopenia and non‐sarcopenia groups. We analysed the basic clinical data of the two groups. Multivariate Cox proportional analysis was used to analyse short‐term (28 days) and long‐term (1 year and overall) mortality rates.

Results

A total of 414 patients were included, with a mean age of 52.88 ± 13.41 years. Among them, 318 (76.8%) were male, and 239 (57.7%) had sarcopenia. A total of 280 (67.6%) patients died during the study period. Among them, 153 patients died within 28 days (37%) and 209 patients died within 1 year (50.5%). We found that the 28‐day, 1‐year and overall mortality rates in the sarcopenia group were significantly higher than those in the non‐sarcopenia group (37% vs. 22.3%, P < 0.01; 50.5% vs. 34.9%, P < 0.01; and 67.6% vs. 53.1%, P < 0.01, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that sarcopenia was significantly associated with increased mortality. The hazard ratios for sarcopenia were 2.05 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41–3.00, P < 0.01) for 28‐day mortality, 1.81 (95% CI 1.29–2.54, P < 0.01) for 1‐year mortality and 1.82 (95% CI 1.30–2.55, P < 0.01) for overall mortality. In addition, muscle density and international normalized ratio were associated with short‐ and long‐term mortality.

Conclusions

Sarcopenia is associated with both short‐ and long‐term mortality in patients with ACLF. Therefore, regular monitoring for sarcopenia is important for these patients.
Targeted nutritional intervention attenuates experimental lung cancer cachexia
Authors: van de Worp Wouter R. P. H. , Theys Jan , Wolfs Cecile J. A. , Verhaegen Frank , Schols Annemie M. W. J. , van Helvoort Ardy , Langen Ramon C. J.
Published: July 2024

Background

Cachexia, a syndrome with high prevalence in non‐small cell lung cancer patients, impairs quality of life and reduces tolerance and responsiveness to cancer therapy resulting in decreased survival. Optimal nutritional care is pivotal in the treatment of cachexia and a recommended cornerstone of multimodal therapy. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect of an intervention diet consisting of a specific combination of high protein, leucine, fish oil, vitamin D, galacto‐oligosaccharides, and fructo‐oligosaccharides on the development and progression of cachexia in an orthotopic lung cancer mouse model.

Methods

Eleven‐week‐old male 129S2/Sv mice were orthotopically implanted with 344P lung epithelial tumour cells or vehicle (control). Seven days post‐implantation tumour‐bearing (TB) mice were allocated to either intervention‐ or isocaloric control diet. Cachexia was defined as 5 days of consecutive body weight loss, after which mice were euthanized for tissue analyses.

Results

TB mice developed cachexia accompanied by significant loss of skeletal muscle mass and epididymal fat mass compared with sham operated mice. The cachectic endpoint was significantly delayed (46.0 ± 15.2 vs. 34.7 ± 11.4 days), and the amount (−1.57 ± 0.62 vs. −2.13 ± 0.57 g) and progression (−0.26 ± 0.14 vs. −0.39 ± 0.11 g/day) of body weight loss were significantly reduced by the intervention compared with control diet. Moreover, systemic inflammation (pentraxin‐2 plasma levels) and alterations in molecular markers for proteolysis and protein synthesis, indicative of muscle atrophy signalling in TB‐mice, were suppressed in skeletal muscle by the intervention diet.

Conclusions

Together, these data demonstrate the potential of this multinutrient intervention, targeting multiple components of cachexia, as integral part of lung cancer management.
Exploration of gut microbial diversity of pheasants through pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene
Authors: Bukhari Syed M. , Andleeb Shahla , Alghamdi Huda A. , Rehman Khalil ur , Javid Arshad , Ali Waqas , Abbas Yassar , Nokhaiz Kashaf
Published: July 2024

Despite the diversity of microbiota in birds is similar to that of other animals, there is a lack of research on the gut microbial diversity of nondomesticated bird species. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by analyzing the bacterial communities present in the gut of two important game bird species, the Ring‐necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and the Green pheasant (Phasianus versicolor) to understand the gut microbial diversity of these species. The gut microbiome of 10 individual pheasants from two different species was studied using pooled fecal samples. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the Ion S5 XL System next‐generation sequencing with Mothur and SILVA Database for taxonomic division. An average of 141 different operational taxonomic units were detected in the gut microbiome. Analysis of microbial classification revealed the presence of 191 genera belonging to 12 different phyla in both pheasants. Alpha diversity indices revealed that P. colchicus exhibited most prevalence firmicutes with bacillus species microbial community than P. versicolor. Alpha diversity indices indicated that P. colchicus had a more diverse community and P. versicolor had a greater diversity of evolutionary lineages, while both species had similar levels of species richness and sample inclusiveness. These findings may have implications for the health and well‐being of pheasants, serving as a reference for their bacterial diversity. Additionally, they provide a baseline for future research and conservation efforts aimed at improving the health and well‐being of these and possibly other avian species.
Fostering citizen‐engaged HIV implementation science
Authors: Tan Benedict Xin Hao , Chong Shao Yuan , Ho Daniel Weng Siong , Wee Ye Xuan , Jamal Muhammad Hafiz , Tan Rayner Kay Jin
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Successful implementation of evidence‐based practices depends on contextual factors like stakeholder engagement, the socio‐political environment, resource availability, and stakeholders’ felt needs and preferences. Nevertheless, inequities in implementation exist and undermine efforts to address HIV in marginalized key populations. Implementation science shows promise in addressing such inequities in the HIV response, but can be limited without meaningful engagement from citizens or communities.

Discussion

We define the concept of a citizen‐engaged HIV implementation science as one that involves citizens and communities deeply in HIV implementation science activities. In this commentary, we discuss how citizen science approaches can be leveraged to spur equity in HIV implementation science. Drawing on three areas previously defined by Geng and colleagues that serve to drive impactful implementation science in the HIV response, we discuss how citizens can be engaged when considering “whose perspectives?”, “what questions are being asked?” and “how are questions asked?”. With respect to “whose perspectives?” a citizen‐engaged HIV implementation science would leverage participatory methods and tools, such as co‐creation, co‐production and crowdsourcing approaches, to engage the public in identifying challenges, solve health problems and implement solutions. In terms of “what questions are being asked?”, we discuss how efforts are being made to synthesize citizen or community‐led approaches with existing implementation science frameworks and approaches. This also means that we ensure communities have a say in interrogating and deconstructing such frameworks and adapting them to local contexts through participatory approaches. Finally, when considering “how are questions asked?”, we argue for the development and adoption of broad, guiding principles and frameworks that account for dynamic contexts to promote citizen‐engaged research in HIV implementation science. This also means avoiding narrow definitions that limit the creativity, innovation and ground‐up wisdom of local citizens.

Conclusions

By involving communities and citizens in the development and growth of HIV implementation science, we can ensure that our implementation approaches remain equitable and committed to bridging divides and ending AIDS as a public health threat. Ultimately, efforts should be made to foster a citizen‐ and community‐engaged HIV implementation science to spur equity in our global HIV response.
Decorin and/or biglycan knockdown in aged mouse patellar tendon impacts fibril morphology, scar area, and mechanical properties
Authors: Newton Joseph B. , Weiss Stephanie N. , Nuss Courtney A. , Darrieutort‐Laffite Christelle , Eekhoff Jeremy D. , Birk David E. , Soslowsky Louis J.
Published: July 2024

Small leucine‐rich proteoglycans, such as decorin and biglycan, play pivotal roles in collagen fibrillogenesis during development, healing, and aging in tendon. Previous work has shown that the absence of decorin and biglycan affects fibril shape and mechanical properties during tendon healing. However, the roles of decorin and biglycan in the healing process of aged tendons are unclear. Therefore the objective of this study was to evaluate the differential roles of decorin and biglycan during healing of patellar tendon injury in aged mice. Aged (300 days old) female Dcn+/+/Bgn+/+ control (WT, n = 52), Dcnflox/flox (I‐Dcn−/−, n = 36), Bgnflox/flox (I‐Bgn−/−, n = 36), and compound Dcnflox/flox/Bgnflox/flox (I‐Dcn−/−/Bgn−/−, n = 36) mice with a tamoxifen‐inducible Cre were utilized. Targeted gene expression, collagen fibril diameter distributions, mechanical properties, and histological assays were employed to assess the effects of knockdown of decorin and/or biglycan at the time of injury. Knockdown resulted in alterations in fibril diameter distribution and scar area, but surprisingly did not lead to many differences in mechanical properties. Biglycan played a larger role in early healing stages, while decorin is more significant in later stages, particularly in scar remodeling. This study highlights some of the differential roles of biglycan and decorin in the regulation of fibril structure and scar area, as well as influencing gene expression during healing in aged mice.
Prevalence and significance of autoantibodies in children with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bolia Rishi , Goel Akhil , Semwal Pooja , Srivastava Anshu
Published: July 2024

Significance of autoantibodies in pediatric metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is unknown. Our aim was to determine the prevalence and significance of autoantibodies in MASLD. PubMed and Scopus were searched and six articles (689 [487 males] MASLD patients) were identified. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) was positive in 28% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17%–39%, n = 6 studies), antismooth muscle antibodies (ASMA) in 28% (95% CI: 8%–50%, n = 5 studies), actin‐positive in 15% (95% CI: 10%–20%, n = 2 studies) and elevated immunoglobulin G in 17% (95% CI: 1%–39%, n = 4 studies). Anti‐liver‐kidney‐microsomal antibody was not present in any patient. There was no significant association of ANA positivity with degree of liver steatosis, liver fibrosis or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS) but patients with ASMA positivity had advanced fibrosis (pooled risk ratio [RR] 1.77; 95% CI 1.16–2.71) and higher risk of NAS ≥5 (pooled RR 1.21; 95% CI: 1.01–1.44, n = 2 studies, 243 patients). To conclude, non‐organ specific autoantibodies are present in over one‐fourth of children with MASLD and the presence of ASMA maybe associated with increased disease severity.
Deciphering the interactions between altertoxins and glutenin based on molecular dynamic simulation: inspiration from detection
Authors: Yuan Shaofeng , Chen Yulun , Wen Aying , Liu Qingrun , He Yingying , Yu Hang , Guo Yahui , Cheng Yuliang , Qian He , Xie Yunfei , Yao Weirong
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Mycotoxin contamination of food has been gaining increasing attention. Hidden mycotoxins that interact with biological macromolecules in food could make the detection of mycotoxins less accurate, potentially leading to the underestimation of the total exposure risk. Interactions of the mycotoxins alternariol (AOH) and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) with high‐molecular glutenin were explored in this study.

RESULTS

The recovery rates of AOH and AME (1, 2, and 10 μg kg−1) in three types of grains (rice, corn, and wheat) were relatively low. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations indicated that AOH and AME bound to glutenin spontaneously. Hydrogen bonds and π‐π stacking were the primary interaction forces at the binding sites. Alternariol with one additional hydroxyl group exhibited stronger binding affinity to glutenin than AME when analyzing average local ionization energy. The average interaction energy between AOH and glutenin was −80.68 KJ mol−1, whereas that of AME was −67.11 KJ mol−1.

CONCLUSION

This study revealed the mechanisms of the interactions between AOH (or AME) and high‐molecular glutenin using MD and molecular docking. This could be useful in the development of effective methods to detect pollution levels. These results could also play an important role in the evaluation of the toxicological properties of bound altertoxins. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Recent progress for chiral stationary phases based on chiral porous materials in high‐performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography separation
Authors: Wang Zhen , Wang Wei , Luo Ai‐Qin , Yuan Li‐Ming
Published: July 2024

Chirality is a fundamental property of nature. Separation and analysis of racemates are of great importance in the fields of medicine and the production of chiral biopharmaceutical intermediates. Chiral chromatography has the characteristics of a wide separation range, fast separation speed, and high efficiency. The development and preparation of novel chiral stationary phases with good chiral recognition and separation capacity is the core and key of chiral chromatographic separation and analysis. In this work, the representative research progress of novel chiral porous crystal materials including chiral covalent organic frameworks, chiral porous organic cages, chiral metal‐organic frameworks, and chiral metal‐organic cages used as chiral stationary phases of capillary gas chromatography and high‐performance liquid chromatography over the last 4 years is reviewed in detail. The chiral recognition and separation properties of the representative studies in this review are also introduced and discussed.
Anterior cruciate ligament primary repair revision rates are increased in skeletally mature patients under the age of 21 compared to reconstruction, while adults (>21 years) show no significant difference: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rilk Sebastian , Goodhart Gabriel C. , van der List Jelle P. , Von Rehlingen‐Prinz Fidelius , Vermeijden Harmen D. , O'Brien Robert , DiFelice Gregory S.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the impact of age as a risk factor on the revision rates of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) primary repair (ACLPR), dynamic intraligamentary stabilization (DIS) and bridge‐enhanced ACL restoration (BEAR) compared to ACL reconstruction (ACLR).

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed for comparative studies comparing outcomes for ACLPR, DIS or BEAR to ACLR. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed to assess nondifferentiated and age‐differentiated (skeletally mature patients ≤21 and >21 years) ACL revision and reoperation risk, as well as results for subjective outcomes. Methodological study quality was assessed using the Risk of Bias Tool 2.0c and Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies tools.

Results

A total of 12 studies (n = 1277) were included. ACLR demonstrated a lower nonage‐stratified revision risk at 2 years versus ACLPR, DIS and BEAR, but a similar revision risk at 5 years when compared to DIS. However, an age‐stratified analysis demonstrated a significantly increased ACLPR revision risk as compared to ACLR in skeletally mature patients ≤21 years of age (risk ratios [RR], 6.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18–33.87, p = 0.03), while adults (>21 years) showed no significant difference between groups (RR, 1.48; 95% CI, 0.25–8.91, n.s.). Furthermore, DIS reoperation rates were significantly higher than respective ACLR rates (RR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.35–3.65, p = 0.002), whereas BEAR (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.41–2.75, n.s.) and ACLPR (RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.21–3.09, n.s.) showed no differences. IKDC scores were equivalent for all techniques. However, ACLPR exhibited significantly better FJS (mean difference, 11.93; 95% CI, 6.36–17.51, p < 0.0001) and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Symptoms (mean difference, 3.01; 95% CI, 0.42–5.60, p = 0.02), along with a lower Tegner activity reduction.

Conclusions

ACLPR in skeletally mature patients ≤21 years of age is associated with up to a six‐fold risk increase for ACL revision surgery compared to ACLR; however, adults (>21 years) present no significant difference. Based on the current data, age emerges as a crucial risk factor and should be considered when deciding on the appropriate treatment option in proximal ACL tears.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Sulcus‐deepening trochleoplasty grants satisfactory results with minimal patellofemoral arthritis at 23–30 years of follow‐up
Authors: Dejour David , Guarino Amedeo , Pineda Tomas ,   ReSurg, Demey Guillaume
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiographic and clinical outcomes of sulcus‐deepening trochleoplasty at a minimum follow‐up of 23 years.

Methods

The authors evaluated a retrospective series of 10 patients (11 knees) who underwent trochleoplasty between 1993 and 2000. All patients were assessed at a minimum follow‐up of 23 years by an independent clinician who noted any patellar redislocations and collected the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Kujala scores and range of motion. Radiographic examination was performed to assess patellofemoral arthritis using the Iwano classification.

Results

A total of 11 knees, from five women and five men aged 25.6 ± 6.9 years (range, 15–47 years) underwent trochleoplasty during the inclusion period. All 11 knees underwent adjuvant procedures during trochleoplasty (100%): 10 had tibial tuberosity osteotomy (TTO) and vastus medialis plasty and 1 had only vastus medialis plasty (had prior TTO). At a follow‐up of 24.4 ± 2.1 years (range, 23–30 years), two patients were lost to follow‐up (18%). The Iwano classification was Grade 1 in three patients (33%), Grade 2 in four patients (44%) and Grade 4 in two patients (22%). The flexion range was 130 ± 8.7° and satisfaction was 9.2 ± 0.7, Kujala was 76.9 ± 8.5 and IKDC was 65.5 ± 13.8.

Conclusion

At 23–30 years following sulcus‐deepening trochleoplasty in this small series of 10 patients (11 knees), patients had satisfactory clinical scores, only 1 patient reported an episode of traumatic patellar dislocation, and two knees had patellofemoral arthritis of Iwano Grade >2 (22%).

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Evaluation of Seed Yield Stability of Lentil Genotypes by Linear Mixed‐Effects Models and Multitrait Stability Index
Authors: Shobeiri Seyedeh Soudabeh , Pezeshkpour Payam , Naseri Bita
Published: July 2024

To evaluate performance stability for 13 lentil genotypes, experiments were performed at three locations, Ardebil, Zanjan, and Maragheh, during three growing seasons (2011–2013). Environment, genotype, and interaction of genotype × environment were significantly effective on 100‐seed weight, plant height, number of days to flowering, number of days to maturity, rate of seed filling, and single seed weight. Nominal grain yield biplot identified stability of 2, 12, 1, 3, and 6 genotypes with regard to grain yield. According to biplot analysis, Genotypes 1, 3, and 10 not only produced the highest grain yield but also showed the greatest stability in yield production. Genotypes 1, 6, 7, and 13 were identified as highly stable and productive based on grain yield, mean weight stability index, and weighted average of absolute scores of best linear unbiased predictions (WAASB). Genotypes 1 and 7 were best genotypes according to multitrait stability index (MTSI). Harmonic mean of the relative performance of genotypic predicted value (HMRPGV) recognized Genotypes 6, 1, 5, and 3 as highly stable, productive, and adaptable genotypes. In general, Genotype 1 indicated highest grain yield and desirable agronomic traits compared to other genotypes tested, suggesting this genotype as new cultivar.
High‐Fidelity Frequency Converter in High‐Dimensional Spaces
Authors: Yuan Jinpeng , Wang Xuewen , Chen Gang , Wang Lirong , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang
Published: July 2024

High‐dimensional frequency converter provides an enticing promise for establishing frequency interfaces to connect various physical systems toward the next generation of high‐capacity optical communication. The constant pursuit of high fidelity accompanied by multi‐dimensional information coding is restricted by the inherent fundamental nature of the degrees of freedom. Here, a high‐dimensional frequency converter is theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated, which builds a high‐fidelity interface between near‐infrared and blue‐violet wavelength. The perfect Poincaré beam exploiting the mutual orthogonality and transverse structure‐invariance of perfect vortex beam, accesses high‐dimensional spaces from spatial amplitude, phase, and polarization, and realizes the fidelity above 99% for arbitrary Poincaré states. Additionally, the trans‐spectral multiplexing utilizing the radial degree of freedom endows a superior capability in further increasing the system capacity. This proof‐of‐principle demonstration represents a key step toward the lossless transmission between different frequency domains, and has great prospects for constructing high‐capacity optical communication networks.
Learning health system research as a catalyst for promoting physician wellness: EHR InBasket Spring cleaning and team‐based compassion practice
Authors: Tai‐Seale Ming , Walker Amanda , Cheng Yuwei , Yung Nathan , Webb Sophie , Lunde Ottar , Bazzo David , Mandvi Ammar , Doran Neal , Kallenberg Gene , Longhurst Christopher A. , Zisook Sidney , Savides Thomas J. , Millen Marlene , Liu Lin
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Addressing physician burnout is critical for healthcare systems. As electronic health record (EHR) workload and teamwork have been identified as major contributing factors to physician well‐being, we aimed to mitigate burnout through EHR‐based interventions and a compassion team practice (CTP), targeting EHR workload and team cohesion.

Methods

A modified stepped wedge‐clustered randomized trial was conducted, involving specialties with heavy InBasket workloads. EHR interventions included quick‐action shortcuts and recommended practice for secure chats. The CTP comprised 30‐s practice between physicians and their dyad partners. Survey and EHR data were collected over four assessment periods. Linear and generalized mixed‐effects models assessed intervention effects, accounting for covariates.

Results

Forty‐four physicians participated (20% participation rate). While burnout prevalence decreased from 58.5% at baseline to 50.0% at the end of the study, burnout reduction was not statistically significant after EHR (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.12 to 1.61, p = 0.21) or EHR + CTP (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.17 to 2.10, p = 0.42) interventions. Statistically significant greater perceived ease of EHR work resulted from both the EHR intervention (coefficient 0.76, 95% CI 0.22 to 1.29, p = 0.01) and EHR + CTP intervention (coefficient 0.80, 95% CI 0.26 to 1.35, p < 0.01). EHR + CTP increased perceived workplace supportiveness (coefficient 0.61, 95% CI −0.04 to 1.26, p = 0.07). Total number of InBasket messages/week increased significantly after EHR interventions (coefficient = 27.4, 95% CI 6.69 to 48.1, p = 0.011) and increased after EHR + CTP (18.5, 95% CI −3.15 to 40.2, p = 0.097).

Conclusion

While burnout reduction was not statistically significant, EHR interventions positively impacted workload perceptions. CTP showed potential for improving perceived workplace supportiveness. Further research is needed to explore the efficacy of CTP with more participants. The interventions gained interest beyond our institution and prompted consideration for broader implementation.
Gene editing therapy for cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Wu Xinyu , Yang Jie , Zhang Jiayao , Song Yuning
Published: July 2024

The development of gene editing tools has been a significant area of research in the life sciences for nearly 30 years. These tools have been widely utilized in disease detection and mechanism research. In the new century, they have shown potential in addressing various scientific challenges and saving lives through gene editing therapies, particularly in combating cardiovascular disease (CVD). The rapid advancement of gene editing therapies has provided optimism for CVD patients. The progress of gene editing therapy for CVDs is a comprehensive reflection of the practical implementation of gene editing technology in both clinical and basic research settings, as well as the steady advancement of research and treatment of CVDs. This article provides an overview of the commonly utilized DNA‐targeted gene editing tools developed thus far, with a specific focus on the application of these tools, particularly the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR‐associated genes (Cas) (CRISPR/Cas) system, in CVD gene editing therapy. It also delves into the challenges and limitations of current gene editing therapies, while summarizing ongoing research and clinical trials related to CVD. The aim is to facilitate further exploration by relevant researchers by summarizing the successful applications of gene editing tools in the field of CVD.
COVID‐19 vaccine: recent advancements and future prospects
Authors: Xu Li , Li Min , He Wu
Published: July 2024

Nowadays, although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) epidemic has been handled with long‐term management globally, the virus strains keep continuous evolution in an uncertain direction. The newly emerged JN.1 dominated the globally circulating variants in a short time and resulted in increasing hospitalizations. Up to 2024, variant vaccines with the composition of XBB sub‐lineage were available due to the coordinated efforts of developers and regulatory agencies. The development of updated vaccines is still needed and the regular availability of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines should be timely guaranteed. The current landscape of COVID‐19 vaccines and the strategies for accelerating vaccine development and approval are reviewed. Proposals to enhance variants monitoring and the establishment of the strain recommendation mechanism are made. This review provides suggestions about platform technology designation and application, real‐world data leveraging and modification to regulatory pathways both for the post‐pandemic era of SARS‐CoV‐2 and for the future unknown pathogen pandemic.
A case of inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency caused by PGAP3 variant with uniparental isodisomy on chromosome 17
Authors: Mukai Takeo , Kato Shota , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Kuroda Yukiko , Kitaoka Hiroki , Ito Atsushi , Shitara Yoshihiko , Kashima Kohei , Takami Hirokazu , Takahashi Naoto , Kato Motohiro
Published: July 2024

Background

Inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disease and a set of syndromes caused by different genes involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol characterized by severe cognitive disability, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, and distinct facial features. This report presents a patient with inherited GPI deficiency caused by a homozygous frameshift variant of PGAP3 due to uniparental isodisomy (UPiD) on chromosome 17.

Method

Clinical characteristics of the patient were collected. Microarray analysis followed by adaptive sampling sequencing targeting chromosome 17 was used for the identification of variants. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm the variant in the target region.

Results

The patient was born at 38 weeks of gestation with a birthweight of 3893 g. He had a distinctive facial appearance with hypertelorism, wide nasal bridge, and cleft soft palate. Postnatal head magnetic resonance imaging revealed a Blake's pouch cyst. The serum ALP level was 940 IU/L at birth and increased to 1781 IU/L at 28 days of age. Microarray analysis revealed region of homozygosity in nearly the entire region of chromosome 17, leading to the diagnosis of UPiD. Adaptive sampling sequencing targeting chromosome 17 confirmed the homozygous variant NM_033419:c.778dupG (p.Val260Glyfs*14) in the PGAP3 gene, resulting in a diagnosis of inherited GPI deficiency.

Conclusion

This is the first report of inherited GPI deficiency caused by UPiD. Inherited GPI deficiency must be considered in patients with unexplained hyperphosphatasemia.
A compound heterozygote case of glutaric aciduria type II in a patient carrying a novel candidate variant in ETFDH gene: A case report and literature review on compound heterozygote cases
Authors: Seyedtaghia Mohammad Reza , Jafarzadeh‐Esfehani Reza , Hosseini Seyedmojtaba , Kobravi Sepehr , Hakkaki Mahdis , Nilipour Yalda
Published: July 2024

Background

Glutaric aciduria type II (GA2) is a rare genetic disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Double dosage mutations in GA2 corresponding genes, ETFDH, ETFA, and ETFB, lead to defects in the catabolism of fatty acids, and amino acids lead to broad‐spectrum phenotypes, including muscle weakness, developmental delay, and seizures. product of these three genes have crucial role in transferring electrons to the electron transport chain (ETC), but are not directly involve in ETC complexes.

Methods

Here, by using exome sequencing, the cause of periodic cryptic gastrointestinal complications in a 19‐year‐old girl was resolved after years of diagnostic odyssey. Protein modeling for the novel variant served as another line of validation for it.

Results

Exome Sequencing (ES) identified two variants in ETFDH: ETFDH:c.926T>G and ETFDH:c.1141G>C. These variants are likely contributing to the crisis in this case. To the best of our knowledge at the time of writing this manuscript, variant ETFDH:c.926T>G is reported here for the first time. Clinical manifestations of the case and pathological analysis are in consistent with molecular findings. Protein modeling provided another line of evidence proving the pathogenicity of the novel variant. ETFDH:c.926T>G is reported here for the first time in relation to the causation GA2.

Conclusion

Given the milder symptoms in this case, a review of GA2 cases caused by compound heterozygous mutations was conducted, highlighting the range of symptoms observed in these patients, from mild fatigue to more severe outcomes. The results underscore the importance of comprehensive genetic analysis in elucidating the spectrum of clinical presentations in GA2 and guiding personalized treatment strategies.
Gubra Amylin‐NASH Diet Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Histological Damage, Oxidative Stress, Immune Disorders, Gut Microbiota, and Its Metabolic Dysbiosis in Colon
Authors: Zhang Zhimin , Qin Xinyi , Yi Tao , Li Yamei , Li Chengfeng , Zeng Min , Luo Hongshan , Lin Xiulian , Xie Jingchen , Xia Bohou , Lin Yan , Lin Limei
Published: July 2024

Scope

The overall changes of colon under nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain to be further elucidated.

Methods and Results

This study establishes a mouse model of NAFLD through a long‐term Gubra Amylin‐nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) diet (GAN diet). The results show that GAN diet significantly induces weight gain, liver steatosis, colonic oxidative stress, and lipid accumulation in blood, liver, and adipose tissue in mice. GAN feeding reduces the diversity of the gut microbiota, alters the composition and abundance of the gut microbiota, and leads to an increase in microbial metabolites such as long‐chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and secondary bile acids (BAs), as well as a decrease in short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The RNA‐seq and immunofluorescence results reveal that the GAN diet alters the expression of proteins and their coding genes involved in oxidative stress, immune response, and barrier function in colon tissue, such as lipocalin‐2 (Lcn2, p < 0.05), heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1/Hmox1, p < 0.05), interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), and claudin‐3/7. In addition, correlation analysis indicates a strong correlation between the changes in gut microbiota and lipid biomarkers. Additionally, the expression of immune related genes in colon tissue is related to the LCFAs produced by microbial metabolism.

Conclusion

GAN‐induced NAFLD is related to microbiota and its metabolic imbalance, oxidative stress, immune disorders, and impaired barrier function in colon.
Cocoa and Polyphenol‐Rich Cocoa Fractions Fail to Improve Acute Colonic Inflammation in Dextran Sulfate Sodium‐Treated Mice
Authors: Weikart Daphne K. , Coleman Kiana M. , Sweet Michael G. , McAmis Ashley M. , Hopfer Helene , Neilson Andrew P. , Lambert Joshua D.
Published: July 2024

Scope

A study is conducted to determine the anti‐inflammatory effects of cocoa and polyphenol‐rich cocoa fractions in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced mouse model of acute colonic inflammation.

Methods and results

Male C57BL/6J mice are treated with dietary cocoa powder, an extractable cocoa polyphenol fraction, or a non‐extractable cocoa polyphenol fraction for 2 weeks prior to treatment with 2.5% DSS in the drinking water for 7 days to induce colonic inflammation. Cocoa treatment continues during the DSS period. Cocoa and/or cocoa fractions exacerbate DSS‐induced weight loss and fail to mitigate DSS‐induced colon shortening but do improve splenomegaly. Cocoa/cocoa fraction treatment fails to mitigate DSS‐induced mRNA and protein markers of inflammation. Principal component analysis shows overlap between cocoa or cocoa fraction‐treated mice and DSS‐induced controls, but separation from mice not treated with DSS.

Conclusion

The results suggest cocoa and cocoa polyphenols may not be useful in mitigating acute colonic inflammation.
Demonstrating reconfigurability in water‐based electromagnetic devices using a 3D‐printed siphon
Authors: Wingren Niklas , Sjöberg Daniel
Published: July 2024

The rise of water‐based electromagnetic devices opens up new possibilities for controlling electromagnetic performance due to the liquid state of crucial parts of the device. This letter proposes the siphon mechanism as a novel way to achieve reconfigurability in these types of electromagnetic devices. To demonstrate this, a simple polarization‐reconfigurable device based on a siphon is introduced. The device is designed to scatter horizontal and vertical polarizations differently depending on the amount of water added to it. The siphon mechanism offers a sharp transition between two states after water is added above a threshold. The device is simulated, manufactured using 3D printing, and measured in different states filled with both distilled and tap water. The results demonstrate that polarization reconfigurability is achieved with the different states scattering the two polarizations as expected. Siphons similar to this could be used to offer new types of control in other electromagnetic devices based on liquids.
Innovative structure to mount demand feeders to concrete raceways at a production fish hatchery
Authors: Krebs Eric , Rosner Breah R. , Gerber Alexis L. , Huysman Nathan , Voorhees Jill M. , Barnes Michael E.
Published: July 2024

Objective

As a type of automatic feeder, demand feeders reduce labor costs and can improve fish-rearing efficiencies. However, mounting demand feeders can be problematic because of the variety of nonstandardized fish-rearing units. This article describes an innovative, simple, sturdy, and durable demand feeder mount for rectangular, concrete raceways.

Methods

The feeder mount was made from aluminum and sits flat on a raceway wall or walkway. A horizontal base plate, secured to the wall by vertical plates, holds a vertical riser of aluminum tubing. Attached to this tubing is a rod that secures the demand feeder.

Result

This feeder mount design has proven durable over several years of actual use. Over this time, it has needed no maintenance other than occasional cleaning with water to remove spilled fish food. The feeder can be easily and quickly removed from the mount by simply pulling a pin and sliding the feeder off of the tubing. The mount is constructed to dramatically reduce tripping hazards and occupational safety and health risks.

Conclusion

This simple, inexpensive (~US$50 to construct), and no-maintenance mount is a viable solution to the typically difficult problem of mounting demand feeders to concrete raceways used for trout production.
The impact of diffusion tensor imaging tractography settings on muscle fascicle architecture and diffusion parameter estimates: Tract length, completion, and curvature are most sensitive to tractography settings
Authors: Lockard Carly A. , Hooijmans Melissa T. , Zhou Xingyu , Coolbaugh Crystal , Damon Bruce M.
Published: July 2024

Diffusion‐tensor (DT)‐MRI tractography provides information about properties relevant to muscle health and function, including estimates of architectural properties such as fascicle length, pennation angle, and curvature and diffusion properties such as mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA). Tractography settings, including integration algorithms, thresholds for early tract termination, and tract smoothing approaches, impact the accuracy of the muscle property estimates. However, muscle DT‐MRI tractography is performed using a variety of these settings, complicating comparisons between different studies. The effects of different tractography settings on muscle architecture estimates have not been fully explored, and optimized settings for muscle tractography have not yet been determined. We examined the influence of integration algorithm and termination check settings combined with a range of step sizes, termination criteria, and smoothing polynomial orders on tract characteristics, completion/reason for termination, and goodness of fit between fiber tracts and smoothing polynomials using 3‐T DT‐MR images of the lower leg muscles of seven healthy adults. We found that tract length and completion were highly sensitive to strict FA and intersegment angle thresholds (25%–69% reduction in complete fiber tracts from lowest to highest minimum FA threshold and 11%–36% reduction from highest to lowest intersegment angle threshold). Higher order polynomials (third and fourth order vs. second order) better fit the muscle fiber trajectories, but curvature estimates were highly sensitive to smoothing polynomial order (3.9–6.6 m−1 increase for second‐ vs. fourth‐order fitting polynomials). Step size impacted curvature estimates, albeit to a lesser degree. Integration algorithm had little impact, and mean pennation angle, and tract‐based FA and MD, were relatively insensitive to all parameters. The results demonstrate which muscle diffusion measures and architectural estimates are most sensitive to varying tractography settings and support the need for consistent reporting of tractography details to aid interpretation and comparison of results between studies.
Smoking Pack Years and Eustachian Tube Dysfunction
Authors: Sharma Arjun , MacDowell Sam , Punjabi Nihal , Kejriwal Sameer , Sharma Vikram , Inman Jared C.
Published: July 2024

Objective

To determine the effect of smoking history on the risk of developing obstructive eustachian tube dysfunction (OETD).

Study Design

Cross‐sectional review.

Setting

National database.

Methods

Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999 to present) was analyzed. OETD was defined as middle ear pressure less than −100 decapascals (daPa). Nonsmokers, current smokers, with tympanometry data were analyzed. Patients under the age of 18, with myringotomy tubes, or with a sinus problem/earache/cold in the past 24 hours were excluded. The relative risks (RRs) for developing OETD were calculated for nonsmokers versus smokers and those with greater versus less than 10, 20, and 30 pack years (py).

Results

A total of 9472 patients met inclusion criteria (54.1% female, 75.9% non‐Hispanic, mean age 43, 20.3% smokers). The RR of having OETD for smokers versus nonsmokers was 1.75 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.45‐2.11]. The RR of having OETD for patients with a 10+ py was 1.97 [95% CI 1.57‐2.47], 20+ py was 2.29 [95% CI 1.76‐2.95], and 30 py or greater was 2.08 [95% CI 1.49‐2.90].

Conclusion

In this study, smoking roughly doubled the risk of developing OETD, as represented by a single measurement of negative middle ear pressure less than −100 daPa. The definition of OETD used in this study was limited, as it did not include symptomology, and more work is needed to examine additional covariates. However, these results may guide future research to better counsel and screen patients for OETD.
Response‐adapted consolidation therapy strategy for patients with metastatic high‐risk neuroblastoma: Results of the SMC NB‐2014 study
Authors: Seo Eun Seop , Lee Ji Won , Cho Hee Won , Ju Hee Young , Cho Young Seok , Lee Sanghoon , Moon Seung Hwan , Yoo Keon Hee , Lim Do Hoon , Sung Ki Woong
Published: July 2024

Background

Tandem high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDCT/auto‐SCT) and incorporation of 131I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I‐MIBG) treatment have shown positive outcomes in high‐risk neuroblastoma. However, more optimized treatment strategies are still needed.

Procedure

The NB‐2014 study was a nonrandomized, prospective trial that examined survival outcomes in metastatic high‐risk neuroblastoma patients using response‐adapted consolidation therapy. We used post‐induction residual 123I‐MIBG status at metastatic sites as a treatment response marker. Patients achieving complete resolution of MIBG uptake at metastatic sites underwent a reduced first HDCT/auto‐SCT with a 20% dose reduction in HDCT. After the first HDCT/auto‐SCT, patients with remaining MIBG uptake received dose‐escalated (18 mCi/kg) 131I‐MIBG treatment. In contrast, those with complete resolution of MIBG at metastatic sites received a standard dose (12 mCi/kg) of 131I‐MIBG. We compared survival and toxicity outcomes with a historical control group from the NB‐2009.

Results

Of 65 patients treated, 63% achieved complete resolution of MIBG uptake at metastatic sites following induction chemotherapy, while 29% of patients still had MIBG uptake at metastatic sites after the first HDCT/auto‐SCT. The 3‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 68.2% ± 6.0% and 86.5% ± 4.5%, respectively. Compared to NB‐2009, EFS was similar (p = .855); however, NB‐2014 had a higher OS (p = .031), a lower cumulative incidence of treatment‐related mortality (p = .036), and fewer acute and late toxicities.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that response‐adaptive consolidation therapy based on chemotherapy response at metastatic sites facilitates better treatment tailoring, and appears promising for patients with metastatic high‐risk neuroblastoma.