bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DC to DC Bidirectional Converter by using TS-Fuzzy Controller for PV System
Authors: Saraswat Bhawna , Agrawal Trapty , Sharma Vishal , Kulhar Kuldeep Singh
Published: June 2024

Photovoltaic Systems (PVSs) are commonly used to produce electricity for various applications. The solar irradiances will not be constant on every time, it will be always fluctuating and changing. Many PV modules need to be managed in the combination of parallel and series to meet load requirement at rated voltage. In order to harvest maximum energy from PV modules, it must be worked at particular voltage which is related to maximum power location. Generally a boost converter is associated to work as a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) device with help of perturb and observe (P&O) mechanism. A battery bank is incorporated to form a dc-link to store the energy from PV to be utilized whenever it is required. Therefore, a dc to dc bidirectional device is placed to regulate the discharging and charging process of batteries. Compared to PI and conventional Fuzzy controllers, Takagi Sugeno-Fuzzy (TS-Fuzzy) controllers are able to generate accurate response quickly under rapid changes of solar irradiance. Therefore, TS-Fuzzy controller based control method for the dc to dc circuit is implemented in this paper. The P&O algorithm is also integrated to control mechanism of a dc to dc bidirectional circuit. Hence no need of an extra circuit for working as MPPT circuit. Hardware – in the – Loop (HIL) is developed by using OPAL-RT units to analyze various results in this paper.
Speed Sensorless based Sliding Mode Control of BLDC Motor Drivefor Electric Vehicle
Authors: V Haripriya , Tripathi Sushil , Chaudhary Chetan , Gill Amandeep
Published: June 2024

Electric vehicles are having significant priority in transportation including goods, public transport etc. among many technologies in electric vehicle, brushless DC (BLDC) motors operated eclectic drives are mostly used. Speed sensorless control is required to implement for obtaining a best performance. At the same time, a sliding mode controller (SMC) can be able to produce the ultimate response under various conditions. Hence sensorless speed control with SMC of BLDC motor is implemented in this paper to drive the electric vehicle. In order to develop speed sensorless of motor, a model reference adaptive control (MRAC) system is developed. However, obtaining a fastest response is very important in electric vehicle speed control. Hence a TS-Fuzzy model is developed to use in the place of conventional PI controllers. Extensive results are collected for presentation by establishing Hardware – in the – Loop (HIL) with the help of two OPAL-RT devices.
Three Level Inverter based DTC of Induction Motors Utilizing RCPWM
Authors: Abrol Monika , Singh Shweta , Kumar Mukesh , Kulhar Kuldeep Singh
Published: June 2024

This paper introduces a streamlined space vector algorithm designed to regulate a three-level inverter-powered induction motor using direct torque control (DTC). Unlike the traditional two-level inverter, this drive utilizes a three-level inverter to achieve a reduction in torque ripple. The controller has been specifically designed to capitalize on the expanded range of inverter states that are made possible by utilizing a three-level inverter. The algorithm proposed in this study is flexible and can be applied to various rail clamping pulse width modulation (RCPWM) sequences. The RCPWM-3 demonstrates superior performance, which enhances the drive’s performance at near rated speeds. The findings indicate a reduction in harmonic distortion within the stator currents, alongside a consistent switching frequency of the inverter through the implementation of the suggested control system.
Fuzzy Controllers based DTC of 6/4 SRM drive with Novel Converter
Authors: V Haripriya , Gupta Sachin , Yadav Dhyan Chandra , Kulhar Kuldeep Singh
Published: June 2024

Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) is one of the best alternative motor drives for induction and synchronous drives in present trends. However, the SRM can able to replace those synchronous and inductance machine by using effective controller for many applications. Apart from many controllers, Direct Torque Controller (DTC) has received much attention from researchers in these days due to its high superiority characteristics over other controllers. Moreover, compare to Proportional and Integral (PI) controller a Fuzzy controller can provide effective support to DTC during intermittent changes of speed and torque. Hence, Fuzzy controller based DTC has been implemented in this paper for novel configuration of converter to drive SRM. Generally more number of switches leads to more cost and poor performance. Therefore, a novel configuration of converter has been proposed in this paper for DTC of SRM. For analysis of system, the proposed method has been compared with vector based controller in this paper. The extensive results are presented to validate the proposed method for both the steady state and transient periods.
Second-Life Applications of Electric Vehicle Batteries in Energy Storage
Authors: Rustamkhon Mekhmonov , Alawadi Ahmed Hussein , Abbas Ahmed H.R. , Jayashree  , Santhi G.B. , Raja Kumar Jambi Ratna
Published: June 2024

This paper reviews the work in the areas of energy and climate implications, grid support, and economic viability associated with the second-life applications of electric vehicle (EV) batteries. The increasing adoption of EVs has raised concerns about the end-of-life management of their batteries. The potential of repurposing these batteries for energy storage offers them a renewed purpose. The research underscores the energy and climate benefits anticipated in the coming decades, the role of these batteries in stabilizing energy grids, and the economic aspects of battery repurposing in energy storage. Together, these areas highlight the multifaceted advantages of giving EV batteries a second life, from environmental benefits to grid stability and economic feasibility.
A Location centric Power Factor Based Path Switching Model for Efficient Electric Vehicle Span Maximization
Authors: Mahobia Ravi Prakash
Published: June 2024

The problem of vehicle span maximization and path switchinghas been well studied. There exists number of approaches towards maximizing the span of electric vehicles. However, the methods suffer to achieve higher performance in maximizing the span of the vehicle. Towards this, an efficient Location centric power factor path switching model (LPPSM) is presented in this article. As the electric vehicles has the limited span which is being affected by various factors like speed, wind, traffic, number of junctions, distance and so on. It is necessary to perform path switching towards maximizing the span of the vehicle. The model fetches the location of the vehicle at all the time; it finds the routes and measures the traffic at each route. According to the factors like number of junctions, traffic, distance, speed of the vehicle, the method estimates the Span Maximization Support (SMS) for various routes. According to the value of SMS, the method selects the most optimal route to reach the destination. Also, the method focused on maximizing the span of the vehicle and performs efficient path switching. The proposed method improves the performance of span maximization and path switching.
Synchronization of Grid Connected Three Phase Inverter
Authors: Sharma Ratish , Singh B.P. , Kantak Ganesh Kumar , Pawar Rahul
Published: June 2024

The synchronization between the grid and inverter is crucial for power sharing. By reconnecting the inverter to the electrical grid, it becomes possible to provide power in grid-off mode. Inverter-interfaced distributed generators (DGs) rely on control methods to drive the power devices in the inverter. A three-phase inverter produces output in terms of voltage, frequency, and phase, which can be matched with the electrical output using control methods. These control methods determine the pulse width modulation (PWM) pulses for driving the inverter. Simulations of the proposed systems with a grid-connected inverter are expressed through a MATLAB SIMULINK Model. Various algorithms generate different PWM pulses for the inverter. The differences between these algorithms are summarized in the results. Finally, the simulation results are analyzed across the load, total harmonic distortion (THD), error in grid voltage, and inverter voltage.
Mathematical Analysis for Power Loss Analysis of a Seven Level Aligned Multilevel Inverter
Authors: Jain Narendra Kumar , Krishna K. Gopala , Solanki Vipin , Savita
Published: June 2024

Multilevel inverters are widely used in many applications due to their superior performance over conventional inverter. However, due to increasing number of switches in existed multilevel inverts, the cost, size and losses are increasing continuously and these factors are directly proportional to number of inverter level. Hence, aligned multilevel invert is developed and enhanced the analysis on power loses is presented in this paper. The number of switches are used in aligned multilevel inverter is very less compared to existing multilevel inverters. Moreover, space vector pulse width modulation technique is developed for generating pulses to inverter. The mathematical calculation of power loss analysis for 7 level aligned multilevel inverteris evaluated and presented in this paper.
A Novel Seven Level Inverter with Reduced Switch Count and THD for PV System Applications
Authors: Venkateswarlu M. , Suraj S. Haji , Reddy G. Anil Kumar , Santhosh K. Sai , Parashuram K.
Published: June 2024

Based on economic, controllability and total harmonic distortion (THD) Multilevel inverters are more rising devices in many applications compare to other traditional inverters. Hence here a novel multilevel inverter (MLI) is designed and analysed with less count of switches and diodes. Generally (L-1) switches are required for conventional L level inverters like flying capacitor, diode clamped, and cascaded multilevel inverters but here a H-bridge inverter with additional two legs having less no of switches is introduced. The converter’s controllability plays a crucial role in enhancing the THD of the output voltage and efficiency. Here a level shifted sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique is implemented i.e Phase Opposition Disposition SPWM (PODSPWM) method, because of it gives better THD over other level shifted SPWM techniques like PDSPWM, APODSPWM,COSPWM,VFSPWM and Phase shift SPWM techniques. The Design and analysis of thisseven level inverter is evaluated with the tool of MATLAB/SIMULINK.
A Novel Seven Level Inverterwith Modified Modulation Technique for Drive Applications
Authors: Venkateswarlu M. , VarunTej M. , Kupendra B. , Subramanyam P. Bala , Krishna P. Dhanu
Published: June 2024

For high-power, high-voltage applications, multilevel inverters have gained widespread acceptance. Due to its rising advantages. In this paper a new circuit multilevel inverter, comparatively speaking to traditional inverters, this design requires less components as well as fewer gate drives and carrier signals. Because of this, both the total expense and complexity are drastically decreased, especially for higher output voltage levels. This circuit consists by two components one is level generation part contain by four switches and other one is polarity generation part comprise by H-bridge inverter that make up output voltage as a seven level. The portion that generates levels employs high frequency switches to produce various levels, and the part that generates the polarity of the output voltage is at line frequency. Additionally, it is more effective due to an inverter component that uses line frequency to operate switching power devices. As a result, there is no requirement for all switches to operate at high frequency, resulting in easier and more dependable management of the inverter. Here multicarrier Phase Disposition Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (PDSPWM) technique regulates the operation of the inverter.It consists by three carrier signals instead of six carrier signal and it provide less THD of output voltage and current compare to other multicarrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation techniques. The design, analysis and control of the seven level inverter is demonstrated with the help of MATLAB/Simulink tool.
AI-Driven Energy Trading Platforms: Market Dynamics and Challenges
Authors: Alkkhayat A.H. , Jaisudha J. , Nazira Ishbayeva , Misra Neeti , Durgadevi G. , Senthil Kumar R. , Gadhave Subhash Subhash
Published: June 2024

The rapid evolution of the energy sector is significantly influenced by the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies. This paper reviews the work in the areas of AI applications in energy trading platforms, focusing on three broad domains. Firstly, the energy industry is undergoing a transformative phase, where AI-driven digitalization is optimizing energy supply, trade, and consumption. Emphasis is laid on AI’s role in integrating solar and hydrogen power generation, supply-demand management, and the latest advancements in AI technology. These techniques have shown superior performance in areas like big data handling, cyberattack prevention, and energy efficiency optimization. Secondly, the manufacturing sector is witnessing a shift towards smart factories, where AI is enhancing value-added manufacturing by integrating various information communication technologies. The characteristics of these factories include operations optimization and intelligent decision-making, with AI technologies enabling systems to adapt to external needs. Lastly, while AI promises transformative changes in the energy sector, it also brings forth challenges. A multidisciplinary approach identifies these challenges, offering insights and recommendations for successful AI integration in the energy sector.
Fuzzy Controller based Closed Loop Control for Single Stage Single Phase Grid Integrated PV System with Novel Configuration of 7 Level Hybrid Inverter
Authors: Zaineb Name-Azra , Abdul Fattah Tarek A. , Aljohani Mansour , Mosaad Mohamed I. , Malla Siva Ganesh
Published: June 2024

Grid integrated renewable energy sources are greatly benefiting from the use of multilevel inverters, as they inject less total harmonic distortion (THD) and improve the quality of inverter voltage. However, these inverters face challenges due to their high number of switches and complex control. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new configurations with simpler and more effective control methods. In addition, Photovoltaic (PV) systems are being installed in numerous apartments and houses, typically connected to a single phase utility grid. It is crucial to ensure power quality through the use of an inverter connected between the PV system and the utility grid, controlled by the inverter itself. Since PV systems exhibit non-linear behavior, a DC to DC converter is required, along with an appropriate algorithm to maximize power output. However, the inclusion of an additional DC to DC converter can increase the size, cost, and complexity of the system. As a result, single stage grid connected systems have gained popularity for low power applications. Furthermore, the use of a Fuzzy controller has shown superior performance compared to PI controllers, thanks to its ability to adjust gains based on changes in solar irradiance and load. Therefore, this paper introduces a new configuration of a 7 level inverter for single phase single stage grid connected PV systems, incorporating a Fuzzy controller for control. This new configuration only consists of seven switches, making it more streamlined. The paper includes extensive results to validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Energy Management System of Wind and Photovoltaic based Hybrid Nanogrid
Authors: Gupta Sheryl , Shankar Sahoo Girija , Kumar Mukesh , N Beemkumar
Published: June 2024

The hybrid photovoltaic (PV)- wind based power generation systems are installing on many rooftops of individual houses, apartments, institutions, hospitals and small scale industries worldwide. Even though it is connected to single phase utility grid, a battery is used for backup power supply during power cuts. The diesel generators also can be integrated to this system for supplying continuous power long term. This configuration can establish a nanogrid under low power systems. Many loads are operated under this nanogrid system, hence a proper control technique is required to maintain power quality as well as to compensate reactive power. Compensating reactive power demanded in nanogrid through the inverter can reduce the reactive power demand on the main utility grid. Individual maximum power point tracker (MPPT) circuits are employed for both PV and wind to harvest maximum power. The system is synchronized with single phase utility grid through the control of the inverter. The proposed control method can able to regulate the phase voltage t its reference signal for improving the power quality. MATLAB Simulink platform is used to present the results for testing the performance of the proposed method.
Photovoltaic based Hybrid Nanogrid
Authors: Hazarathaiah Y. , Deepak Karanam , Pavan M. , Rahaman Shaik Abdul , Kumar Bonthala Dinesh , Madhubabu C.
Published: June 2024

The hybrid photovoltaic (PV)- wind based power generation systems are installing on many rooftops of individual houses, apartments, institutions, hospitals and small scale industries worldwide. Even though it is connected to single phase utility grid, a battery is used for backup power supply during power cuts. The diesel generators also can be integrated to this system for supplying continuous power long term. This configuration can establish a nanogrid under low power systems. Many loads are operated under this nanogrid system, hence a proper control technique is required to maintain power quality as well as to compensate reactive power. Compensating reactive power demanded in nanogrid through the inverter can reduce the reactive power demand on the main utility grid. Individual maximum power point tracker (MPPT) circuits are employed for both PV and wind to harvest maximum power. The system is synchronized with single phase utility grid through the control of the inverter. In order to maintain the good power quality, controller is designed for inverter to maintain the single phase voltages at its reference values. MATLAB Simulink platform is used to present the results for testing the performance of the proposed method.
Decentralized Blockchain Solutions for Smart Grid Data Management and Security
Authors: Gehlot Anita , Normurodovich Mengniyozov Anvar , Primmia D.R. , Saritha G. , Alawady Ahmad , Singh Dari Sukhvinder
Published: June 2024

This paper reviews the work in the areas of smart grid (SG) transformation, its potential benefits, challenges, and the promising solutions offered by blockchain technology. The conventional electrical grid is evolving into a more reliable and efficient SG, characterized by its modern architecture and integration of smart appliances, meters, and renewable energy resources. While the SG presents a solution to the energy crisis, its complexity and vast digital connections make it susceptible to cyber-attacks. Blockchain, with its inherent features of decentralization and enhanced cybersecurity, emerges as a pivotal solution for SG paradigms. The reviewed studies delve into blockchain-enabled SG applications, proposing blockchain architectures for various applications such as synchrophasor applications, electric vehicles, and energy management systems. Furthermore, an analysis based on the standard NIST conceptual model of smart grid domains highlights the critical features of blockchain: decentralization, trust, and incentive. This comprehensive review aims to offer insights and directions for future research, emphasizing the significance of a secure and decentralized SG using blockchain technology.
Real time Electric Pattern Based Voltage Regulation Model for Improved Power Stability
Authors: Madhavrao Deshmukh Shailesh , Prakash Mahobia Ravi
Published: June 2024

Towards effective voltage regulation and power stability, there exist number of approaches available in literature. The methods consider the residual voltage in various power grids in maximizing the power stability. However, the methods suffer to achieve higher performance in power stability and voltage regulation. To handle this issue, an efficient Electric Patter Based Voltage regulation model (EPVRM) is presented in this article. The method maintains the voltage trace belongs to various grids of the power system. Using the traces maintained, the method preprocesses the traces to remove the noisy records. The preprocessed trace has been used to generate the electrical pattern which contains residual voltage of various grid units. Using the electric pattern the method computes Electric Pattern Stability Support (EPSS) towards the required voltage. Based on the EPSS value, the method identifies the most efficient pattern to be scheduled for current cycle. The selected pattern has been scheduled to maintain the power stability. The proposed method improves the performance of voltage regulation and power stability.
Energy Efficient Voltage Scheduling Based Algorithm for Power Factor Maximization in Smart Grid Networks
Authors: Madhavrao Deshmukh Shailesh
Published: June 2024

The problem of voltage scheduling in smart grids has been well studied. There exist number of approaches around the problem which would consider the residual voltage as the major key. The existing approaches suffer to achieve higher performance in voltage scheduling in smart grids. To handle this issue, an Energy Efficient Voltage Scheduling (EEVS) model is presented in this article. The proposed method considers residual energy, average power generation, average voltage supplied as the factors in the selection of grid towards scheduling. The method performs scheduling by computing the voltage scheduling factor (VSF). The method identifies the set of grids available and for any power requirement; the method computes the VSF value for various grids and based on that a suitable grid has been identified to support the power requirement. It has been performed at each time interval and the grids which are supporting in the current and previous cycles are neglected from the selection. The proposed EEVS model introduces higher scheduling performance and power factor maximization performance.
An Energy Efficient Requirement Optimization Model Based Power Switching for Improved Performance in Smart Grids
Authors: Biradar Vijayalaxmi
Published: June 2024

Power switching in smart grid has been identified as the key issue in literature. There exist number of models to handle this problem which consider the residual energy of grids in performing power switching. However, the performances of the models are not up to the expected rate. To handle this issue, an efficient Requirement Optimization based Power Switching Model (ROPSM) is presented in this article. The model focused on optimizing the selection of power grids towards maintaining the power stability in smart grids. To perform this, the model monitors the incoming voltage level and maintains the voltage production capability of various grids at all the duty cycles. Based on that, the method computes Power Requirement Support (PRS) value for various grid units. According to the value of PRS, a subset of grids are selected to optimize the power stability and allowed to regulate the power. The proposed model improves the performance of power stability in smart grid environment.
Efficient Service Centric Block Chain Data Security for SmartGrid Systems
Authors: Pillai Anu G. , Madhavrao Deshmukh Shailesh
Published: June 2024

The data security in smart grid systems is well studied. There exists number of approaches around the problem. But still they suffer to achieve higher performance in data security which degrades the performance of the grid system. To handle this issue, an efficient Service centric blockchain data security model (SBDSM) is presented in this article. Unlike previous methods, the proposed SBDSM model uses different signature of blockchain for different service data. The method use blockchain data towards sharing data between the grids which used to control the mode as well as flow of voltage in the grid. The model has a controller which decides the flow of voltage to be regulated from the micro grid. This information has been communicated from the controller to the micro grid through the blockchain. The micro grid can identify the type of information from the signature of the blockchain data and the hash code. The model monitors the incoming voltage and finds set of microgrids to be switched to discharge mode and informed with the amount of voltage to be regulated from the microgrid. This information is hidden in the block of the chain. By receiving the blockchain, the microgrid would extract the data and decrypt the voltage level to be regulated for the current cycle. Similarly, to perform switching of the microgrid, the controller sends another blockchain which has information about the mode the microgrid to be work on at the current cycle. The proposed method improves the data security and performance of voltage regulation.
Integrating Renewable Energy Sources with Micro Grid Using IOT and Machine Learning
Authors: R Vedapradha , Pant Shivani , S Bhuvaneswari , Kumhar Bhupchand , Abootharmahmoodshakir  , Ratna Raja Kumar Jambi
Published: June 2024

The power system landscape has undergone significant changes over the past few decades, marked by increasing electricity demand, power losses, grid failures, and the absence of smart technology. Simultaneously, security threats have escalated, and conventional power grids are struggling to cope with these challenges. In response to these evolving demands, the Internet of Things (IoT) has rapidly gained prominence due to its transformative potential. By incorporating IoT technology into power grids, we have the ability to improve the efficiency, sustainability, scalability, capacity, reliability, and stability of traditional grid systems. 1. This document provides an in-depth analysis of IoT-enabled intelligent power grids, emphasizing the importance of tackling security concerns, examining diverse use cases, and deliberating on alternative frameworks. Furthermore, we explore IoT and non-IoT technologies utilized in smart grid systems, such as sensing, computing technologies, communication, and applicable standards.
Enhancement of Power Quality Improvement by Novel Control of Grid Integrated Fuel Cell
Authors: J Bhuvana , Saraswat Nidhi , Savita  , Kulhar Kuldeep Singh
Published: June 2024

Power generation by using hydrogen energy is having significant priority during peak loads or under lower power generation conditions. Electricity can be easily produced by hydrogen with releasing any harmful gases to atmosphere as well as can meet load demand very quickly. During deficiency in generation from other power sources, the frequency of the system can be maintained through hydrogen based power generation units. A fuel cell (FC) stack can able to produce required amount of electricity from hydrogen and oxygen. Therefore grid connected FC can maintain power quality at local buses as well as can meet the load demand. Apart from transferring active power into grid from FC, the interfacing inverter of FC into grid can also improve power quality at local buses by injecting reactive power to make constant voltage during low voltages of grids. A novel control scheme based powers is implemented in this paper with the help of proportional plus integral (PI) controllers. The modeling of FC is also incorporated in the paper for best understanding.Various performances of the proposed method are tested under various case studies to present results by using MATLAB/Simulink package.
Real-time LAQ Based Interference Minimization Model for Efficient Transmission in Radio Networks
Authors: Madhukar Haval Abhijeet , Mishra Akanksha
Published: June 2024

The problem of interference in radio communication is well studied. There exist number of approaches to handle the issue, which consider angle of radio device and frequency as the key in handling the interference problem. However, they suffer to achieve higher performance in QoS requirements. To handle this issue, an efficient LAQ (Latency Availability Quality) based interference minimization model (LAQ-IM) is presented in this paper. The method focused on improving the transmission performance by choosing a optimal radio device with reduced interference. The method considers the set of radio devices available for transmission and considers the latency, availability and quality of the radio in the selection of transmission. Using all these features, the method computes Latency minimization support (LMS), Availability Support (AS) and Quality Support (QS) for the radio devices identified. Based on the value of LMS, AS and QS, the method computes the value of Interference Minimization Weight (IMW) based on which an optimal radio has been selected to perform data transmission. The proposed method improves the performance of radio transmission.
Exploring Geothermal Energy’s Potential in Smart Cities Building Climate Control
Authors: Acharjya Kalyan , Kumar Jain Narendra , A Prabhu , Saraswat Bhawna
Published: June 2024

Exploring the intersection of geothermal energy and smart city development, this review underscores the pivotal role of Earth’s intrinsic heat in fostering sustainable urban environments, particularly in building climate control. Geothermal energy systems, including Ground Source Heat Pumps and Geothermal Power Plants, emerge as viable solutions for consistent and sustainable heating, cooling, and electricity generation in urban contexts. This article navigates through the multifaceted applications and challenges of integrating geothermal energy into smart cities, highlighting its potential to enhance urban services, optimize energy use, and significantly reduce carbon emissions. Despite the technical, financial, and regulatory hurdles, strategic solutions, policies, and technological advancements pave the way for a future where geothermal energy substantively contributes to the realization of energy-efficient and smart urban ecosystems. The exploration is substantiated by various case studies and data, providing a comprehensive overview of the current state and future prospects of geothermal energy in smart city development.
Wall-Climbing Robots: Optimising Adsorption and Novel Suction Techniques
Authors: Misra Neeti , Surulivel Rajan T. , Mehra Vishal , Ali H.A. , AL-Attabi Kassem , Manikandan C.
Published: June 2024

This paper reviews the advancements in wall-climbing robots, focusing on optimizing adsorption and introducing novel suction techniques. Wall-climbing robots have garnered significant attention due to their potential in hazardous operations and their ability to navigate various wall surfaces without compromising mobility. One such innovation includes a robot designed for smooth wall surfaces, integrating a vacuum adsorption system and adhesion belts. This design enhances the robot’s flexibility and steerability, with an in-depth analysis of its attachment mechanism for climbing tasks. Key parameters such as the required adsorption force and motor torque for stable climbing have been derived, with the robot’s prototype demonstrating high stability and adaptability across different wall surfaces. Another pivotal study delves into the modelling and experimental analysis of suction pressure in the suction chamber, emphasizing the role of different chamber contours. A novel addition of a bottom restrictor at the chamber’s base has been introduced, with its design and performance analysed using 3D modelling and computational fluid dynamics. The restrictor’s impact on the robot’s adhesion efficiency has been experimentally assessed, showcasing promising results on non-plastered brick walls. Through these studies, the paper underscores the continuous evolution and potential of wall-climbing robots in diverse applications.
Design and Implementation of Low Power, Area Crosstalk Reduction Using Static Timing Analysis
Authors: Obulesu Battari , Ashok P. , Rajesh J. , Madhu K. , Rakesh G. , Raghava Sarath Chandra Reddy Guddety
Published: June 2024

One of the biggest issues with VLSI connections is crosstalk, which is caused by coupling capacitance. Crosstalk reduces operation performance during switching activities and produces undesired output. Noise level rises as switching frequency does as well. Crosstalk will be eliminated by encode the data before connecting into the bus line. This procedure reduces the crosstalk issue by using the improved logic architecture. The proposed approach utilizes a combination of circuit-level optimization techniques, such as gate sizing and interconnect optimization, and advanced timing analysis tools to minimize power consumption and reduce crosstalk.
The non-intrusive reduced basis two-grid method applied to sensitivity analysis
Authors: Grosjean Elise , Simeon Bernd
Published: June 2024

This paper deals with the derivation of Non-Intrusive Reduced Basis (NIRB) techniques for sensitivity analysis, more specifically the direct and adjoint state methods. For highly complex parametric problems, these two approaches may become too costly ans thus Reduced Basis Methods (RBMs) may be a viable option. We propose new NIRB two-grid algorithms for both the direct and adjoint state methods in the context of parabolic equations. The NIRB two-grid method uses the HF code solely as a “black-box”, requiring no code modification. Like other RBMs, it is based on an offline-online decomposition. The offline stage is time-consuming, but it is only executed once, whereas the online stage employs coarser grids and thus, is significantly less expensive than a fine HF evaluation. On the direct method, we prove on a classical model problem, the heat equation, that HF evaluations of sensitivities reach an optimal convergence rate in L∞(0, T ; H10(Ω)), and then establish that these rates are recovered by the NIRB two-grid approximation. These results are supported by numerical simulations. We then propose a new procedure that further reduces the computational costs of the online step while only computing a coarse solution of the state equations. On the adjoint state method, we propose a new algorithm that reduces both the state and adjoint solutions. All numerical results are run with the model problem as well as a more complex problem, namely the Brusselator system.
Pediatric dermatological vital emergencies
Authors: Chiriac Anca , Diaconeasa Adriana , Miulescu Raluca , Voicu Cristiana , Chiriac Anca E. , Fölster-Holst Regina , Wollina Uwe
Published: June 2024

Pediatric patients in the emergency unit often present with muco-cutaneous symptoms. Most
muco-cutaneous findings are not life-threatening, but it is crucial to identify those
dermatoses with urgent need of treatment. In this review, we present infectious and
non-infectious pediatric disorders with muco-cutaneous red-flag signs for a potential severe
course and complications associated with significant mortality. By recognizing these
dermatological symptoms, early confirmation of diagnosis and initiation of appropriate
treatment outcome can be optimized.
A Rare Presentation of Functional Movement Disorder Mimicking Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Authors: Onder Halil , Ulker Aycan Cemil , Comoglu Selcuk
Published: June 2024

Herein, we describe a 55-year-old female patient with a functional movement disorder (FMD) who presented with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)-like clinic. The neuroimaging data and positive response to the tap test initially suggested NPH. However, a detailed investigation of the clinic features yielded a final diagnosis of FMD. Via the presentation of this patient, we expand the phenomenology of FMD. To our knowledge, this is the first presentation of a patient with FMD mimicking NPH. Therefore, we think this rare illustration is interesting and may provide valuable perspectives for clinical practice.
A Long-Term Follow-up Study of Asthmatic Children Discontinued Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy
Authors: Huang Yana , Huang Ying , Li Jie , Zhang Benjin
Published: June 2024

Our objective was to explore the factors associated with the prognosis of allergic asthmatic children with poor compliance with subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). A telephonic follow-up was conducted in 616 asthmatic children who received SCIT treatment from June 2005 to October 2010. The status of asthmatic controlled was based on their level of asthma symptom control when they were followed-up. Seven factors, including sex, age, family history of allergic disease, severity of mite allergy, times of SCIT, whether inhaled corticosteroids regularly, and with rhinitis or not, were analyzed. In total, 322 asthmatic children discontinued the 3-year course of SCIT. Of the 127 children included in the final analysis, 85 (66.9%) were asthmatic controlled patients and 42 (33.1%) were asthmatic uncontrolled patients. The median (interquartile range) age of the 127 asthmatic children was 7.1 ± 4.8 years. The proportion of male and female was 87/40. In the seven factors, family history of allergic diseases (p = 0.035), whether inhaling corticosteroids regularly (p = 0.007), were significantly related to the level of asthma symptom control, whereas the age of these asthmatic children, severity of mite allergy, times of SCIT, and asthma with rhinitis or not had no relation to the level of asthma symptom control. Our findings revealed that the family history of allergic diseases was an important factor affecting the prognosis of childhood asthma, and inhaling corticosteroids regularly after discontinuing SCIT could significantly improve their prognosis. These results could provide value in clinical asthma treatment.
Explaining the German lobbying register law and its reform: combining insights from the Multiple Streams Framework and Punctuated Equilibrium Theory
Authors: Schiffers Maximilian , Plümer Sandra
Published: June 2024

This paper explains the adoption and reform of the German lobbying register law in 2021 and 2023 as a major policy change in German lobbying regulation. Using the Multiple Streams Framework and Punctuated Equilibrium Theory as theoretical lenses, we conduct a congruence analysis of 87 policy documents in a time period from 2017 to 2023. Empirical results show that the lobbying register law represents a quick solution to a different problem (a conflict of interest scandal) and explain the time it took the reform to re-emerge on the policy agenda due to shifted legislative priorities. In line with previous studies on lobbying regulation, we find that scandals need to be combined with other explanatory factors in order to elucidate the introduction and strengthening of transparency measures. These factors are on the micro-level and focus on how political action is channeled by key actors that make use of these scandals to increase pressure to act and generate further attention. With regard to our theoretical lenses, our analysis illustrates that both theories are needed to fully investigate the policy processes.
Testing the simple model of environmental citizenship in a sample of adolescents
Authors: Poškus Mykolas Simas
Published: June 2024

Environmental citizenship and education for environmental citizenship have been identified as important areas to address, yet there is no simple way of studying either environmental citizenship or how effective is the education for it. In order to address this gap in the literature and to provide a practical model for future studies of environmental citizenship, especially in educational contexts, a Simple Model of Environmental Citizenship (SMEC), consisting of environmental (self-)education, abstract and concrete environmental knowledge, environmental awareness, pro-environmental attitudes, need for learning about environmental issues, need for environmental action, environmental literacy, and environmental citizenship was tested in a sample of adolescents. The objective of the study is to test the SMEC in a sample of adolescents in order to investigate its structure and functioning. The current sample consists of 236 adolescents from two schools in Lithuania recruited through convenience sampling. Structural equation modelling with DWLS estimation was used to test the SMEC. The SMEC, after small adjustments that are consistent with previous research, fit the data well. The SMEC provides a good starting point for future interventional and longitudinal studies with adolescents as well as other age groups.
Direct multiple monochromatic x-ray imaging with a pinhole array and a laterally graded multilayer mirror
Authors: Xu Hao , Wen Shengyou , Si Haoxuan , Huang Qiushi , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Feng , Yi Shengzhen , Wang Zhanshan
Published: June 2024

Multiple monochromatic x-ray imaging (MMI) is a technique for diagnosing the emission spectra of tracer elements in laser-driven inertial confinement fusion experiments. This study proposes an MMI method that combines a simple pinhole array with a laterally graded multilayer mirror. The method directly obtains multiple monochromatic x-ray images by regulating the multilayer thickness in different mirror positions to compensate for the energy-broadening effect. This paper presents a comprehensive design scheme, the multilayer fabrication and experimental verification of the gradient MMI imaging performance. The experimental results show that the method achieves monochromatic imaging with a spectral resolution of ∼70–90 eV in several keV energy regions. This paper presents a practical diagnostic approach for directly and synchronously capturing the spatial, temporal, and spectral information of laser plasma x rays.
Design of pure and hybrid corner states in all-dielectric second-order photonic topological insulators
Authors: Shen Fengfu
Published: June 2024

The groundbreaking discovery of high-order topological insulators has opened the avenues for exploring complex topological states, especially the corner states. Typically, corner states undergo hybridization because of point-group symmetry, leading to degeneracy that has yet to be thoroughly investigated in the realm of higher-order topological states. In this study, we introduce a straightforward yet effective photonic crystal design that facilitates the realization of robust photonic corner states and their intricate hybridization. We reveal that, in addition to the conventional point-group symmetry, the local sublattice symmetry also plays a pivotal role in protecting the corner states. By strategically disrupting the sublattice symmetry, we introduce a tunable mechanism for controlling the hybridization of corner states within our proposed photonic structure. This research sheds light on the symmetrical protection mechanisms of topological corner states in photonic crystals, paving the way for innovative designs of photonic devices leveraging the unique properties of zero-dimensional corner states.
Classical and quantum thermodynamics described as a system–bath model: The dimensionless minimum work principle
Authors: Koyanagi Shoki , Tanimura Yoshitaka
Published: June 2024

We formulate a thermodynamic theory applicable to both classical and quantum systems. These systems are depicted as thermodynamic system–bath models capable of handling isothermal, isentropic, thermostatic, and entropic processes. Our approach is based on the use of a dimensionless thermodynamic potential expressed as a function of the intensive and extensive thermodynamic variables. Using the principles of dimensionless minimum work and dimensionless maximum entropy derived from quasi-static changes of external perturbations and temperature, we obtain the Massieu–Planck potentials as entropic potentials and the Helmholtz–Gibbs potentials as free energy. These potentials can be interconverted through time-dependent Legendre transformations. Our results are verified numerically for an anharmonic Brownian system described in phase space using the low-temperature quantum Fokker–Planck equations in the quantum case and the Kramers equation in the classical case, both developed for the thermodynamic system–bath model. Thus, we clarify the conditions for thermodynamics to be valid even for small systems described by Hamiltonians and establish a basis for extending thermodynamics to non-equilibrium conditions.
The spin-orbital proximity effect induced spin-valley locking and Rashba splitting in heterostructure of BP/MoSe2
Authors: Zhang Shidong , Yao Jingjing
Published: June 2024

The interlayer proximity effect induced by spin-orbital coupling between the monolayers of borophosphene (BP) and MoSe2 in the stacked heterostructure is studied by first principles calculations. The proximity effect originates from the hybridization of the d orbital of the Mo atoms and the p orbital of the B atoms. This hybridization greatly improved the strength of spin-orbital coupling of the BP layer, bringing the spin-dependent valley and spin splitting about 13 meV at the K point of the conduction band of BP layer. Moreover, the existence of BP layer destroyed the mirror symmetry of MoSe2 layer, causing the Rashba splitting at the Γ point of the valence band. In addition, the calculation results indicate that both the Zeeman splitting and Rashba splitting can be modulated by the transverse electric field and the interlayer distance.
Three-dimensional thermal analysis of heterogeneously integrated β-Ga2O3-on-SiC SBDs using Raman thermography and electrothermal modeling
Authors: Xie Yinfei , Xu Wenhui , He Yang , Shen Zhenghao , Qu Zhenyu , You Tiangui , Ou Xin , Sun Huarui
Published: June 2024

β-Ga2O3, despite its ultra-wide bandgap and excellent electrical properties, requires heterogeneous integration with high thermal conductivity substrates like SiC for high-power electronics applications due to its naturally low thermal conductivity. Accurately characterizing the channel temperature in β-Ga2O3-based devices is challenging due to infrared transparency in ultra-wide bandgap semiconductors. Our study employs three-dimensional Raman thermography to investigate the thermal behavior of β-Ga2O3-on-SiC (GaOISiC) and β-Ga2O3 bulk Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) at various power levels. The ultrathin β-Ga2O3 epilayer enables the extraction of near-junction temperature within the GaOISiC SBD. Moreover, temperature profiles were obtained both laterally across the device channel and depth-wise from the junction to the substrate. The GaOISiC SBD exhibits a thermal resistance of about only one-third that of the β-Ga2O3 bulk SBD. An electrothermal model was used to calculate detailed electrical and temperature field distributions and verify the accuracy of the Raman temperature mapping. This work highlights the advantages of Raman thermography combined with electrothermal simulations in the accurate temperature characterization of β-Ga2O3-based devices and demonstrates the benefits of heterogeneous integration for substantially improved heat dissipation.
Precise asymptotics for the spectral radius of a large random matrix
Authors: Cipolloni Giorgio , Erdős László , Xu Yuanyuan
Published: June 2024

We consider the spectral radius of a large random matrix X with independent, identically distributed entries. We show that its typical size is given by a precise three-term asymptotics with an optimal error term beyond the radius of the celebrated circular law. The coefficients in this asymptotics are universal but they differ from a similar asymptotics recently proved for the rightmost eigenvalue of X in Cipolloni et al., Ann. Probab. 51(6), 2192–2242 (2023). To access the more complicated spectral radius, we need to establish a new decorrelation mechanism for the low-lying singular values of X − z for different complex shift parameters z using the Dyson Brownian Motion.