bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extraesophageal Manifestations and Symptoms of Esophageal Diseases
Authors: Širić Ljiljana , Rosso Marinela , Včev Aleksandar
Published: May 2021

Esophageal diseases are diagnosed by gastroenterological processing indicated due to typical gastrointestinal symptoms, but typical gastrointestinal symptoms are not the only possible manifestation of esophageal disease. There are also external symptoms such as chronic cough, laryngitis, pharyngitis, oropharyngeal dysphagia, odynophagia, laryngopharyngeal reflux, dysphonia, sinusitis, ear pain, and changes in laryngopharyngeal mucosa (erythema, edema, ventricular obliteration, cricoid hyperplasia and pseudosulcus). Extraesophageal symptoms are common in esophagitis and GERD, and studies show increasing prevalence of LPR in patients with GERD, as well as an association of reflux disease with cough and dysphonia symptoms. The aim of the chapter is to describe these extraesophageal symptoms of esophageal disease and how to recognize and treat them, in order to facilitate gastroenterologists’ diagnostic processing of patients with these symptoms, improve their treatment and assessment of the therapy effectiveness, prevent the development of stronger symptoms, and encourage multidisciplinary cooperation and exchange of knowledge, scientific and clinical work.
Space Charge Accumulation Phenomena in PI under Various Practicable Environment
Authors: Miyake Hiroaki , Tanaka Yasuhiro
Published: May 2021

Polyimide is widely used insulation materials, such as power equipment, motor windings, multi layer insulated, and so on. As the operation environment is high temperature, high humidity, radiation, the dielectric insulation characteristic is decreased compared with pristine one. Especially, the space charge characteristics are obtained big different. Furthermore, the breakdown phenomenon is frequently produced. In this chapter, we discuss the dielectric phenomena through the viewpoints of charge accumulation under the following environment. High temperature, High humidity, DC application, PWM application, Radio-active rays (electron, proton).
Application of Bone Morphogenetic Protein in Spinal Fusion Surgery
Authors: Beiranvand Siavash , Hasanzadeh-Kiabi Farshad
Published: May 2021

Lumbar and cervical fusions are one of the most common types of spine surgeries performed globally with approximated 450,000 spinal fusion surgeries performed annually. (give reference) Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are secreted cytokines with several functions, within the TGF-b superfamily. BMP act as a disulfide-linked homo- or heterodimers and have been recognized as strong and effective regulators of important biological processes like formation and repair of osteocytes and chondrocytes, cell proliferation during embryonic development. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) is a very effective osteogenic growth factor that has been demonstrated to be effective in different types of spinal fusions and reduces the reliance on the use autologous iliac crest bone graft. In recent years there have been limitations regarding the use of rhBMP-2 because of issues like high costs, benefits, and safety issues about rhBMP-2. In this review, a comprehensive overview about the application of rhBMP-2 in spinal fusion surgery is given.
Evolution of Epigenome as the Blueprint for Carcinogenesis
Authors: Farooq Zeenat , Shah Ambreen , Tauseef Mohammad , Ahmad Rather Riyaz , Anwar Mumtaz
Published: May 2021

Epigenetics “above or over genetics” is the term used for processes that result in modifications which are stably inherited through cell generations, without changing the underlying DNA sequence of the cell. These include DNA methylation, Post-translational histone modification and non-coding RNAs. Over the last two decades, interest in the field of epigenetics has grown manifold because of the realization of its involvement in key cellular and pathological processes beyond what was initially anticipated. Epigenetics and chromatin biology have been underscored to play key roles in diseases like cancer. The landscape of different epigenetic signatures can vary considerably from one cancer type to another, and even from one ethnic group to another in the case of same cancer. This chapter discusses the emerging role of epigenetics and chromatin biology in the field of cancer research. It discusses about the different forms of epigenetic mechanisms and their respective role in carcinogenesis in the light of emerging research.
Complications Associated with Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Chadnick Zachary , Singh Kuldeep
Published: May 2021

Aortic aneurysm repair is a common procedure and may be performed in an open or endovascular fashion, It is important to be aware that there exist many potential hazards associated with aortic aneurysm repair. The fact that this entity can be treated in an open or in an endovascular fashion increases the complexity of the problems that may arise. To begin there exists the inherent risks associated with any surgical procedures in the high-risk patient including bleeding, infection, cardiovascular and respiratory issues that may arise. Complications can also occur in the acute or delayed setting and can present several months or even years after repair. Aneurysms may form in the abdominal or thoracic aorta and each segment has its own unique set of issues that may present after repair. Experience and knowledge of associated problems is imperative for early recognition and best outcomes.
O financiamento da alimentação escolar em tempo integral: o real em pratos limpos
Authors: Oliveira Francisco Adaylson Abreu , Carvalho Fabrício Aarão Freire
Published: May 2021

O presente trabalho, que traz, em seu título, a metáfora “o real em pratos limpos” como forma provocativa de evidenciar conhecimentos sobre a política de financiamento da alimentação escolar no Brasil, analisa o processo de correção do valor per capita do Programa Nacional de Alimentação escolar – PNAE, na Educação Básica pública brasileira em tempo integral (2013/2018). Foi elaborado, a partir da análise de dados dos valores per capita do PNAE repassados aos entes federados, conforme o número de matrículas nas escolas públicas e conveniadas em tempo integral, um estudo documental da legislação educacional brasileira para a alimentação escolar, para isso, recorreu-se a autores do campo da política de financiamento da alimentação escolar. Constatou-se que há a necessidade de um maior valor financeiro per capita ao PNAE para a educação em tempo integral, com correção anual e definição/regulamentação clara da complementação por parte dos estados, Distrito Federal e municípios.
Proposals of non-linear models to adjust in vitro gas production at different incubation times in cassava genotypes
Authors: Santos André Luiz Pinto dos , Silva Frank Sinatra Gomes da , Moreira Guilherme Rocha , Brito Cícero Carlos Ramos de , Costa Maria Lindomárcia Leonardo da , Cunha Filho Moacyr , Saliba Eloísa De Oliveira Simões , Oliveira Marianne Caron , Gonçalves Nélio Cunha
Published: May 2021

The present study aimed to propose new two-compartment models from the combination of the Gompertz, Logistic and Von Bertalanffy models and to identify between Gompertz and Logistic models, in their uni and two-compartiment versions, the one that presents the highest quality of fit to cumulative gas production curves of five cassava genotypes: Brasília, Engana Ladrão, Dourada, Gema de Ovo e Amansa Burro. The gas production readings were 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 17, 20, 24, 28, 32, 48, 72, and 96 hours after the start of the in vitro fermentation process. The estimation of the parameters for the models was made by the least squares method through the Gauss-Newton iterative process. The selection of the best model to describe the gas accumulation was based on the adjusted coefficient of determination, residual mean squares, mean absolute deviation, Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion. Among the adjusted models, the proposed models were the best to describe the accumulation of gases over time according to the methodology and conditions under which this study was developed.
O uso de tecnologias digitais no ensino de cálculo na UFPel: Uma análise acerca das iniciativas do projeto GAMA
Authors: Nachtigall Cícero , Campelo Henrique David , Da Silva Pierre Teixeira , Pergher Rejane
Published: May 2021

This paper sought to address the use of technologies aimed at enhancing mathematical learning at the university level. We sought to identify impacts of the GAMA project initiatives: Mathematics Support Group of the Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel that use Digital Information and Communication Technologies (TDIC) to create and make available audiovisual support resources and collaborative virtual spaces. The first part of this study reports the project experience in the production of pedagogical videos. Among other aspects, a presentation was made of the process of elaboration and availability of the videos in the referred channel, as well as their use in GAMA activities. The second part of the work reported on the project experience with the WhatsApp groups, which were created with the goal of providing collaborative virtual spaces. In particular, we present the result of an investigation that analyzed the content of 3,647 messages posted by students, scholars and teachers in the two existing groups. The research results allow us to conclude that the resources recently added to GAMA activities represented important alternatives to enhance the teaching / learning process in mathematics, resizing and resignifying the space traditionally assigned to the classroom.
Evaluation of toxic effect of bamboo preservatives on Lactuca sativa germination and growth
Authors: Scharfenberg Hugo Rocha , Shimano Marcos Massao , Beraldo Antônio Ludovico , Anhê Ana Carolina Borella Marfil
Published: May 2021

Materials such as wood and bamboo in their various applications are subject to degradation by deteriorating organisms like fungi and insects. Chemical treatments are routinely used by bamboo professionals aiming to control this degradation. However, it is usual the dispose of these used solutions on soil and the environmental risks and effects on vegetation of this improper disposal are still unknown. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the phytotoxicity of CCB solutions (compound based on copper, chromium and boron), tetrahydrate sodium octaborate and CB (copper sulfate with boric acid) under different concentrations in the germination and development of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). The pH and electrical conductivity of the prepared solutions were also measured. The results show that the three preservatives are phytotoxic and inhibit root development, even after dilutions of 50 times that used by professionals. Thus, the disposal of these effluents in the soil or water bodies may have negative environmental impacts on vegetation, requiring treatment after use on preservation of the culms or higher dilutions of the effluents before the disposal.
Dietary patterns and onset of obesity among medical students in Banja Luka
Authors: Savić Suzana , Tešanović Gordana , Gavran Larisa , Stanivuković Saša
Published: May 2021

Introduction. The World Health Organization (WHO) revealed that in 2016 more than 1.9 billion adults, 18 years and older, were overweight. Over 650 million of them were obese. Diet quality in university students is determined by factors such as family, food availability and meals in student canteens. The purpose of this study was to investigate frequency of obesity and its relation to dietary habits, gender and age/year of study among medical students at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Banja Luka. Methods. This is a prospective and descriptive study conducted among 1-6 year student population at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Banja Luka. The study includes a validated survey instrument Youth Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaires. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine and carried out as an anonymous survey during the winter term of the academic year 2017/2018. Results. Out of the total 601 students, the research sample included 543 students: 327 female (60.2%) and 216 (39.8%) male students. The majority of them (62.1%) fell within healthy weight range, and 2.4% were class 1 obesity. Most of female students (75.7%) had healthy weight while their male counterparts (73.2%) were overweight. To sum up, 57.5% of them consumed breakfast every day: female students significantly more (60.6%) than male students (51.9%). Third-year students (59.4%) had breakfast most frequently compared to the fifth-year students (55.0%) who ate it the least. Conclusion. The study found a high prevalence of overweight among male respondents compared to their female counterparts, who had predominantly healthy weight.
Knowledge or ignorance about correct use of inhalers among physicians in Primary Health Care Centers in Serbia
Authors: Fišeković-Kremić Marina
Published: May 2021

Introduction. In daily use, a large majority of patients make inhalation errors. Primary health care doctors have an important role in preventing improper use of inhalers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the level of knowledge regarding the correct use of inhalers among physicians who work in primary health care centers as well as to evaluate the method of acquiring knowledge regarding an adequate inhalation technique. Methods. The research belonged to a cross sectional study, conducted on March 2019., in Belgrade, Serbia. The sample consisted of physicians who work in primary health care centers in Serbia. The data were collected by means of a questionnaire. The results were shown by parameters of descriptive statistics. The difference in the number of points among the two groups and other variables were tested by means of X2 test. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20. Results. The survey included 364 physicians in primary health care. 86.5% of them were female respondents. The mean work experience was 19 ± 11.22 years. In half of respondents family medicine was the scope of specialty (53%). The majority of respondents acquired knowledge about the correct use of inhalers by participating in lectures and workshops (50.3%). It was found that the physicians possessed an unsatisfactory level of knowledge. Conclusion. Primary health care physicians possess inadequate knowledge and skills concerning the proper use of inhalers. Lectures and workshops are not sufficient enough to educate doctors concerning the use of inhalers.
Body composition as indicator of eating disorders in female students
Authors: Pilipović-Spasojević Olivera
Published: May 2021

Introduction. The transition to university education as a stressful period and the need to be likeable where physical appearance is concerned can be a trigger for a change in attitudes towards eating patterns. Body composition is an essential component of nutritional status and the most common parameter used as an indicator of physical appearance. An unobtrusive onset of eating disorder can easily lead to a preoccupation with eating and body weight. The aim of the paper is to determine whether the parameters of body composition can qualitatively detect respondents with eating disorders. Methods. The epidemiological observational and analytical study included a representative sample comprised of 408 healthy female students, aged 19-22 years. A short socio-demographic questionnaire, a standardized questionnaire for assessment of eating disorders-Eating Attitudes Test-26 were used in the study while Omron BF 510 was used for anthropometric measurements of body weight and BMI. Results. The sample consisted of female students: agedmean = 20.5 years, with average height 168.65 cm (SD = 6.01), body weight 63.09 kg (SD = 9.9) and BMI 22.1 (SD = 3.2). According to EAT-26 (Mean = 13.24 and SD = 7.97), 16.7% of respondents with risk factors for eating disorders were detected. Conclusion. The maximum value of the Youden index of 0.24 ROC analysis confirms that the body composition parameters are not reliable indicators of eating disorders and EAT-26 is not reliable and acceptable as an independent test for assessing risk factors by means of considering different attitudes and deviant eating behaviors. Therefore, in order to achieve detection, monitoring, and perform preventive action, it is necessary to conduct regular systematic examinations among the student population.
Has the COVID 19 pandemic affected the world equally?
Authors: Stošić-Mihajlović Ljiljana , Trajković Svetlana
Published: May 2021

Rich and powerful people have built a new system in which only risk is common, and profit is exclusively theirs. Neoliberalism is an ideology that is realized in the interest of the rich and powerful. They have enormous financial (and not only financial) power by which they shape the political, media and (quasi) scientific space in order to conduct economic policy and publicly promote the values that suit them. That is why in recent years we have mostly heard that the problem has arisen because people do not live in accordance with the real possibilities and that we must continue to tighten our belts and rationalize our jobs (translated from Orwell's new speech: further dismissals of employees). Much less is said about the problem of inequality, i.e. uneven and unjust distribution and concentration of wealth, and that a solution should be sought there. The latest economic crisis caused by COVID / 19 has shown that not everyone is equally affected by the crisis: the rich have become even richer and the poor have become even poorer. This paper will discuss the unequal consequences caused by the latest pandemic crisis.
Quality of corporate governance: Contribution to improving companies performance in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Marin Slobodan , Tešić Rade , Šušić Milan
Published: May 2021

A quality corporate governance system is a basic prerequisite for a sustainable growth economy, more easily increasing the efficiency of the economic system and guaranteeing access to external sources of capital. The level of quality of corporate governance can be defined as the degree of fulfillment of set standards of corporate governance defined at the international and national institutional level. In the new, modern business conditions, with strong dynamic changes in the social and business environment, modern corporate companies, ie their management bodies, are taking on new characteristics, adapting to new requirements and challenges. In this sense, the new demanding business conditions require continuous improvement of corporate governance potential. Based on previous theoretical and empirical knowledge, Bosnia and Herzegovina has the characteristics of a closed corporate governance system in both entities, so, as a basis for developing models for measuring the level of corporate governance, selected models that measure corporate governance in countries with typical closed corporate governance systems. A significant number of studies show that corporations that achieve higher standards and better corporate governance practices also have better business performance results and thus greater value in the capital market. This means that corporations with a higher level of corporate governance also have better financial operating results, easier access to financial capital, and greater value in the capital market. The main purpose of the research is to determine the level of influence of the quality of corporate governance on business performance, ie to determine whether corporations that had good corporate governance had higher business liquidity and vice versa. The main goal of the research is to establish the link and relationship between quality and corporate performance management indicators of the corporation's business.
Can we predict trend in technology?
Authors: Lovreković Zoran
Published: May 2021

This paper shows that the foundations of today 's information technology were laid mainly in the 1960s and 1970s. Even the World Wide Web was founded in the 1990s. Following the philosophy of Moore's Law, and generalizing the findings from the past, it is possible to conclude that, in the same way, the foundations of the technology that will mark the next two decades have already been laid these days. Based on that, predictions that will be technological trends in the next 20 years can be confirmed with great certainty. Further development and ubiquitous application of artificial intelligence, IoT, and 5G networking will certainly fundamentally change our lives.
The influence of stabilizing agents on physicochemical properties of selenium nanoparticles obtained by chemical reduction
Authors: Filipović Nenad , Stojanović Zoran , Stevanović Magdalena
Published: May 2021

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are specific form of this element that has recently become the subject of numerous research, especially in the field of biomedicine. Several synthesis procedures for obtaining SeNPs have been developed so far, among those including reduction of selenium salts are the most frequently used. In this work, it is examined the effect of two stabilizing agents on morphology, size, and crystallinity of obtained SeNPs. For this purpose, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and polyglutamic acid (PGA) were used as stabilizing agents while reduction of sodium selenite with ascorbic acid was elected as a synthesis procedure. Based on the results obtained from scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and measurements of zeta potential, it was determined that the mechanism of stabilization i.e. choice of stabilizing agent can promote different crystalline arrangement within SeNPs. The BSA proved as a more effective stabilizing agent for SeNPs, as it provides obtaining the smaller, more uniform, and amorphous nanoparticles.
The comparison of metaheuristic algorithms in parametric optimization of laser-based processes
Authors: Šibalija Tatjana , Petronić Sanja
Published: May 2021

The paper presents parametric optimization of two heterogeneous laser-based processes with multiple outputs (laser drilling and laser shock peening), using an advanced optimisation methodology. The data obtained from experimentations are processed by statistical method to address requirements for multiple responses, and then the process interrelationships are mapped using artificial neural networks. The neural process model is fed into three major metaheuristic algorithms whose effectiveness are benchmarked: genetic algorithm, simulated annealing and particle swarm optimization. The results are discussed in terms of the quality of the obtained solutions and convergence rate, as well as the influence of the algorithm's hyper-parameters on the obtained results. The adopted optimization results are successfully verified in practice. The recommendations for the metaheuristic algorithm selection and guidelines for the algorithm settings are drawn.
The use of autonomous vehicles in transportation
Authors: Pisarov Jelena , Mester Gyula
Published: May 2021

The objective of this paper is to examine the types of autonomous vehicles already employed in transportation. It exemplifies the segments of transportation which already use autonomous vehicles. This paper gives an insight of the places in the world where autonomous vehicles are put in use. Furthermore, companies such as Volvo, Volkswagen, Airbus and WAYMO have showed their models of driverless vehicles ranging from trucks, buses, shuttles and helicopters. Moreover, the paper provides a description, testing methods, use and features of the each vehicle presented. In short, this paper aims to raise consciousness about the future of not just public transportation but also transportation of any other type such as good's transportation, delivery, vehicles provided for sightseeing, aircrafts etc.
Erratum: Supstitucija vida transporta opasne robe i njeni efekti (2021, vol. 76, br. 1, str. 91-96)
Authors: Uredništvo U
Published: May 2021

Izvinjavamo se autorima rada "Supstitucija vida transporta opasne robe i njeni efekti" koji je publikovan u časopisu "Tehnika" broj 1/2021, separat "Menadžment", jer je prilikom tehničke pripreme časopisa za publikovanje, greškom izostavljeno ime gospodina Siniše Sremca, jednog od autora rada. U časopisu je navedeno da su autori rada Dragan Smiljanić, Gordan Stojić i Miloš Kopić, dok je trebalo da stoji da su autori predmetnog rada Dragan Smiljanić, Siniša Sremac, Gordan Stojić i Miloš Kopić.
Historical development of portfolio theory
Authors: Leković Miljan
Published: May 2021

Portfolio theory occupies an essential place in modern finance, while portfolio management grounded on its achievements has been recognized as one of the main tasks of financial experts worldwide. Taking into account the previous, the research aims to understand the development process of portfolio theory profoundly and to familiarize the investment community with the basic features of each of its phases: traditional, modern, and post-modern portfolio theory, with inevitable comparative analysis of these theories and presentation of their positive and negative aspects. The rationale of implementing an analysis of the evolutionary process of portfolio theory lies in the intention to provide a systematic overview of the development of theoretical thought within this area and grounded on the belief that accumulated knowledge in the field of portfolio theory and portfolio management is one of the most valuable knowledge assets of contemporary society.
Standardization of green building technologies: Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings (nZEB)
Authors: Milović Igor
Published: May 2021

European legislation EPBD [1] (Energy Performance of Buildings Directive) makes nearly Zero-Energy Buildings (nZEBs) a standard by 2020. The technology is already available and proven; however, the large-scale uptake of nZEB construction and renovation will be a big challenge for all market actors and stakeholders involved. A substantial gap in reliable data on current market activities makes it difficult for policy-makers to evaluate the success of their policies and measures [2]. As concrete numeric thresholds or ranges are not defined in the EPBD, these requirements let a lot of space for own interpretation and thus allow Member States (MSs) to define their nZEB in a very flexible way taking into account their country specific climate conditions, primary energy factors, ambition levels, calculation methodologies and building traditions. This is also the main reason why existing nZEB definitions differ significantly from country to country. It is thus a challenging task to find a common denominator for defining an nZEB on a European scale [1,2].
he Potential of German Administrative Models for the Resolution of Public-Private Partnership Barriers in Poland
Authors:   Faculty of Management, University of Warsaw, Poland, Schulders Maria
Published: May 2021

Public-private partnership (hereinafter: PPP) is not developing according to expectations in Poland. In comparison to other European nations, the success rate of initiated proceedings is still very low. Between 2009 and the first quarter of 2020, only 25% of initiated proceedings were realized. While there is a large number of potential factors influencing the poor outcome of PPP pro- ceedings in Poland – including a small average project size as well as faults in the regulatory framework – this article addresses administrative barriers standing in the way of successful public-private partnership development. The use and necessity of independent advisors will be addressed, as well as the availability of governmental support mechanisms. Administra- tive solutions for PPP facilitation from Germany will be showcased, such as the PPP Task Force of the German Ministry of Transport, Building and Housing (BMVBW), as well as the creation of Partnerschaften Deutschland AG (PD). The article then aims to showcase the applicability of German administrativ e models to the Polish PPP market on the basis of a comparative case study
Guía de Contenidos "Creatividad". Recursos: contenidos teóricos y ejercicios
Authors: Sivera-Bello Sílvia , Dani Aranda Juárez , Sánchez-Navarro Jordi , Roig Antoni , Martorell Sandra , Guilera Agüera Llorenç
Published: May 2021

Guía de Contenidos "Creatividad" es un Escape room desarrollado por el Grupo de Investigación de la UOC GAME, Estudios de Ciencias de la Información y la Comunicación de la UOC. Proyecto School Break.
A Method for Assigning Probability Distributions in Attack Simulation Languages
Authors: Xiong Wenjun , Hacks Simon , Lagerström Robert
Published: May 2021

Cyber attacks on IT and OT systems can have severe consequences for individuals and organizations, from water or energy distribution systems to online banking services. To respond to these threats, attack simulations can be used to assess the cyber security of systems to foster a higher degree of resilience against cyber attacks; the steps taken by an attacker to compromise sensitive system assets can be traced, and a time estimate can be computed from the initial step to the compromise of assets of interest.Previously, the Meta Attack Language (MAL) was introduced as a framework to develop security-oriented domain-specific languages. It allows attack simulations on modeled systems and analyzes weaknesses related to known attacks. To produce more realistic simulation results, probability distributions can be assigned to attack steps and defenses to describe the efforts required for attackers to exploit certain attack steps. However, research on assessing such probability distributions is scarce, and we often rely on security experts to model attackers’ efforts. To address this gap, we propose a method to assign probability distributions to the attack steps and defenses of MAL-based languages. We demonstrate the proposed method by assigning probability distributions to a MAL-based language. Finally, the resulting language is evaluated by modeling and simulating a known cyber attack.
Paediatric Flatfeet - a 2020 guide for clinicians to identify the 'Boomerangs'
Authors: Evans Angela M
Published: May 2021

The paediatric flatfoot has long occupied a place in the medical literature, with concerns about the significance of its appearance. At the end of the first decade of the 21st century, a paper in this journal provoked active debate about the paediatric flatfoot as part of development, and proposed a considered titration of presenting cases in effort to justify treatment and appreciated the range and expected change in normal foot posture with growth. A decade later, the availability of normative paediatric foot posture data, and the prospective findings to confirm lessening flatfeet with age, encourage a structured and considered approach to this frequent primary care presentation. The pragmatic concept of the boomerang is built upon the research identifying the paediatric flatfeet likely to be symptomatic, thus requiring intervention, and filtering from those likely to remain asymptomatic. Differential diagnoses are advisedly considered, and gait remains the hallmark outcome. In this contemporary guide, an eight step strategy has been developed to improve the approach to community paediatric flatfeet concerns. Further, the three 'boomerang' flatfeet factors delineating symptomatic from asymptomatic flatfeet, and applicable cut-off levels, are availed for practical reference and use. Given the recognised state of overdiagnoses and resulting unnecessary treatment that pervades the 21st century, it is timely for clear '20:20' vision for the presentation of the paediatric flatfoot.
Persistent effects of pair bonding in lung cancer cell growth in monogamous Peromyscus californicus
Authors: Naderi Asieh , Soltanmaohammadi Elham , Kaza Vimala , Barlow Shayne , Chatzistamou Ioulia , Kiaris Hippokratis
Published: May 2021

Epidemiological evidence suggests that social interactions and especially bonding between couples influence tumorigenesis, yet whether this is due to lifestyle changes, homogamy (likelihood of individuals to marry people of similar health), or directly associated with host-induced effects in tumors remains debatable. In the present study, we explored if tumorigenesis is associated with the bonding experience in monogamous rodents at which disruption of pair bonds is linked to anxiety and stress. Comparison of lung cancer cell spheroids that formed in the presence of sera from bonded and bond-disrupted deer mice showed that in monogamous Peromyscus polionotus and Peromyscus californicus, but not in polygamous Peromyscus maniculatus, the disruption of pair bonds altered the size and morphology of spheroids in a manner that is consistent with the acquisition of increased oncogenic potential. In vivo, consecutive transplantation of human lung cancer cells between P. californicus, differing in bonding experiences (n = 9 for bonded and n = 7 for bond-disrupted), and nude mice showed that bonding suppressed tumorigenicity in nude mice (p<0.05), suggesting that the protective effects of pair bonds persisted even after bonding ceased. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering indicated that the transcriptomes of lung cancer cells clustered according to the serum donors’ bonding history while differential gene expression analysis pointed to changes in cell adhesion and migration. The results highlight the pro-oncogenic effects of pair-bond disruption, point to the acquisition of expression signatures in cancer cells that are relevant to the bonding experiences of serum donors, and question the ability of conventional mouse models to capture the whole spectrum of the impact of the host in tumorigenesis.
Forbedringspotensial i den norske fødselsomsorgen
Authors: Skogheim Gry , Lundgren Ingela
Published: May 2021

Tema for denne artikkelen er medikalisering i norsk fødselsomsorg. I teksten beskriver og analyserer vi noen av faktorene som er knyttet til medikalisering. Til tross for at norsk fødselsomsorg har svært gode medisinske/fysiske utfallsmål for kvinner og barn, er det behov for forbedringer. Norge, som mange andre høy-inntektsland, har for mange keisersnitt og andre fødselsintervensjoner. Medikalisering ser også ut til å føre med seg sentralisering, samt dominans over andre modeller for fødselsomsorg og helsefremmende perspektiv. Til tross for at et av målene i den norske tjenesten er en demedikalisert fødselsomsorg (på ulike nivå i helsetjenesten), har økende grad av sentralisering funnet sted de siste tiår; f.eks. har antallet jordmorledede fødeenheter/fødestuer blitt redusert. Å inkludere en kvinnesentrert modell i tjenesten kan styrke at kvinnenes behov blir møtt. I en kvinnesentrert modell er f.eks. kvinners erfaringer, deres delaktige i omsorgen de tilbys og relasjonen mellom kvinnen og jordmor/helsepersonell, svært viktig. I tillegg kan anvendelse av salutogenese-teorien bidra til å styrke fødselsomsorgens helsefremmende perspektiv.

 

Potential for improvement in the Norwegian childbirth model

In this paper some aspects of medicalization in the Norwegian childbirth context are described and analysed. Despite having very good medical outcomes for women and babies, there is a need for improvement. As in many other high-income countries, there are too many Caesarean sections and interventions during births. Medicalized care tends to lead to centralisation of the care and dominate over other models of care and health promoting aspects. Even if the goal of the Norwegian model is de-medicalised maternity care on different levels, centralisation have occurred during the last decades. For example midwifery-led units has decreased in numbers. Woman-centred care is a model of care that can meet what is lacking by focusing at women´s experiences, women´s participation and involvement in the care and the relationship between the woman and the care-giver. Furthermore, salutogenesis is a health promoting perspective that could contribute to maternity care.
Impact of Climate Change on Pulse Production and it’s Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Bera Anurag
Published: May 2021

Climate change has emerged as one of the major environmental issue due to it’s subsequent effect on food production and food security. The changing climate over the years posing a major impact on rainfed crops including pulses. India, the largest producer of Pulses over the world with 25% share in global pulse production are largely dependent on pulses that grows in rainfed areas. As a result, climate change are predicted to be more pronounced in these crops. Increasing concentration of greenhouse gases like CO2 act as catalyst on enhancing global temperature which in term affecting heat-sensitive Pulse crops. Such a scenario emanating from the climate change presents a veritable challenge to the food and feed economy [1].

Pulses are one of the most important food crops which serve as main source of vegetable protein in human diet. In the recent scenario, we are observing a declining growth rate in pulse production. Inadequate and erratic rainfall, abrupt rise in temperature, untimely drought are posing threat to pulse production. Shift in monsoon causes delayed sowing of kharif crops as it’s consequence sowing of pulse crops in rabi season also get delayed. Delayed sown crops face terminal heat during it’s phenological growth which reduces it’s potential yield, on the other hand untimely rainfall in it’s reproductive growth period during the month of Feb-Mar reduces the yield drastically [2]. Other problems like salinity, waterlogging also act as menace in pulse cultivation. Last but not the least, changing climate often facilitates pest-disease infestation, weed emergence which can cause a huge reduction in crop yield.

To meet these emerging challenges of climate change, there is an urgent need of developing proper mitigation strategies combining with Agronomic and breeding approaches. Intervention of Government policy and crop insurance scheme along with proper alleviation strategies will definitely contribute in stabilization of yield of pulse crops in near future.
Examining Profitability and Viability of Urban and Peri-Urban Dairy Farms
Authors: Rathva A. L. , Sorathiya L. M. , Gadhvi D. N.
Published: May 2021

Cost benefit analysis in 20 each urban and periurban dairy farms nearby Navsari city of Gujarat, India were studied. The required information from selected farms was collected through personal interview. The collected and derived data were subject to statistics as per standard technique in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Total fixed cost in urban and peri urban area was Rs. 2.27±0.36 and 2.05±0.33 lakh, respectively. Among total cost, fixed cost was 11.42%, further; it was nonsignificant among urban and peri-urban farms. Total variable cost was looked higher in urban farms i.e. Rs.18.97±2.47 and 14.50±2.33 in urban and periurban farms, respectively, however, it was nonsignificant between two areas. The proportion of variable cost was major (88.58%) among total cost. Among total cost feed-fodder cost was highest i.e. 70.10% followed by labour cost i.e. 17.13%. Gross total income was found higher in urban farms but it was nonsignificant between two regions. Pooled gross total income was Rs. 23.05 lakh. Average total income from sale of milk was Rs. 21.70 lakh (92.72%). Sale of animals (4.31%) and sale of dung (2.98%) was also having some contribution in return. The average net profit in urban farms was found nonsignificant higher i.e. Rs. 5.52 and 3.48 lakh, in urban and peri urban farms, respectively. When farms was compared based on net return per adult unit the urban farms was significantly more profitable (US$ 172 v/s 136). The net profit per litre of milk was Rs. 9.20 and 6.80 in urban and periurban farms, respectively. The overall benefit cost ratio was found 1:1.20. It was also higher in urban area. Thus, it can be concluded that urban and periurban dairy farms are profitable and viable enterprise.
Liver Profile of Artemether-lumefantrine-tinidazole in Healthy and Parasitized Mice
Authors: Adikwu Elias , Georgewill Udeme Owunari
Published: May 2021

Artemether/lumefantrine/tinidazole (A/L/T) has shown additive antiplasmodial activity; therefore its safety assessment is imperative. This study examined its hepatotoxic effect on healthy and diseased mice. Fifty four Swiss albino mice of n=6 were used. The mice were diseased with Plasmodium berghei ( ) and treated with T (28.6 mg/kg), A/L (2.3/13.7mg/kg) and A/L/T for 4 days, respectively. Healthy mice were treated with T (28.6 mg/kg), A/L (2.3/13.7mg/kg) and A/L/T for 28 days, respectively. After drug treatment; the mice were weighed and anesthetized. Liver samples were excised, weighed and evaluated for oxidative stress indices and histology. Blood samples were assessed for serum liver function indices. Treatment with T, A/L and A/L/T produced no significant (p>0.05) effects on all evaluated parameters in parasitized mice when compared to control. Significant decrease in body weight with significant increase in liver weight occurred in healthy mice treated with A/L (p<0.05) and A/L/T (p<0.01) when compared to control. Impaired liver function  characterized by significantly increased serum aminotranferases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and bilirubin levels with significantly decreased total protein and albumin levels occurred in healthy mice treated with T (p<0.05), A/L (p<0.01) and A/L/T (p<0.001) when compared to control. Significantly decreased glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and catalase levels with significantly increased malondialdehyde levels occurred in healthy mice treated with T (p<0.05), A/L (p<0.01) and A/L/T (p<0.001) when compared to control. A/L/T caused hepatocyte necrosis in healthy mice. The use of A/L/T for malaria treatment seems safe on the liver, but may impair liver function with prolonged use.
Safety Assessment of Artemether/Lumefantrine/ Tinidazole on the Kidneys of Healthy and Diseased Mice
Authors: Adikwu Elias , Georgewill Udeme Owunari
Published: May 2021

Artemether/lumefantrine/tinidazole- (A/L/T) can be use for the treatment of malaria; therefore its safety assessment is imperative. This study assessed its safety on the kidneys of healthy and diseased mice. Fifty four Swiss albino mice were used for this study. Mice were diseased with Plasmodium berghei () and treated with T (28.6 mg/kg), A/L (2.3/13.7mg/kg) and A/L/T for 4 days. Healthy mice were treated with T (28.6 mg/kg), A/L (2.3/13.7mg/kg) and A/L/T for 28 days. At the termination of treatment, the mice were weighed, sacrificed and blood samples were collected and examined for kidney biochemical markers. Kidneys were weighed and evaluated for oxidative stress markers and histology. T, A/L and A/L/T had no significant (p>0.05) effects on all evaluated parameters in diseased mice when compared to control. Body weight was decreased whereas kidney weight was increased in healthy mice treated with T, (p<0.05), A/L (p<0.05) and A/L/T (p<0.01) when compared to control. Significantly elevated serum creatinine, urea, uric acid levels with significantly decreased albumin, and total protein levels occurred in healthy mice treated with T (p<0.05), A/L (p<0.01) and A/L/T (p<0.001) when compared to control. Altered kidney oxidative stress markers characterized by significantly decreased glutathione, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase levels with significantly increased malondialdehyde levels occurred in healthy mice treated with T (p<0.05), A/L (p<0.01) and A/L/T (p<0.001) when compared to control. A/L/T produced tubular necrosis and enlarged Bowman’s space in healthy mice. The use of A/L/T as an antimalarial drug may be safe on the kidney, but long term use may cause kidney damage.
Data Mining Classification Algorithms for Analyzing Soil Data
Authors: Taher Kazheen Ismael , Abdulazeez Adnan Mohsin , Zebari Dilovan Asaad
Published: May 2021

Rapid changes are occurring in our global ecosystem, and stresses on human well-being, such as climate regulation and food production, are increasing, soil is a critical component of agriculture. The project aims to use Data Mining (DM) classification techniques to predict soil data. Analysis DM classification strategies such as k-Nearest-Neighbors (k-NN), Random-Forest (RF), Decision-Tree (DT) and Naïve-Bayes (NB) are used to predict soil type. These classifier algorithms are used to extract information from soil data. The main purpose of using these classifiers is to find the optimal machine learning classifier in the soil classification. in this paper we are applying some algorithms of DM and machine learning on the data set that we collected by using Weka program, then we compare the experimental result with other papers that worked like our work.  According to the experimental results, the highest accuracy is k-NN has of 84 % when compared to the NB (69.23%), DT and RF (53.85 %). As a result, it outperforms the other classifiers. The findings imply that k-NN could be useful for accurate soil type classification in the agricultural domain.
Environmental Heavy Metal Contamination in Some Selected Cocoa Plantations in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Adewoye G. A. , Amusa N. A.
Published: May 2021

The frequent use of copper-based pesticides for the control of cocoa pests and diseases by farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria has necessitated the determination of heavy metal contamination in soil samples obtained from randomly selected cocoa plantations in Longe, Abaagbo, Sikiti, Idi-Ope, Alaagba, and Idi-Ogun in the State. Presence and quantities of copper, chromium, cadmium, manganese, lead and zinc were assayed in the collected samples. Levels of contamination of each of the soil samples were also assessed using contamination factor, degree of contamination, index of geo-accumulation and pollution load index (PLI). Results obtained from the study revealed a gradual deterioration of the analyzed cocoa soils. The PLI values also gave an indication of pollution. Cocoa farmers in the State therefore need to be properly enlightened on the use of synthetic pesticides, and be encouraged to adopt integrated pest management practices that place less emphasis on the use of chemicals.
Consumer’s Perception in Adoption of Clean Energy Products in Areas of South Odisha
Authors: Das Shiv Sankar , Behera Swagat Ranjan , Behera Debashree Debadatta , Patnaik Sanjib
Published: May 2021

Ending poverty and ensuring sustainability are the defining challenges of the recent times. Clean energy has the answer to both [1]. Clean energy plays a significant role in human development, economic and regional development. Clean energy is that which do not produce any negative externalities. Some of the clean energy includes energy generated from sun, wind, hydro, hydel, etc. This paper discusses on the prevailing market situation and demand prospects of clean energy products (here solar operated lights) in the region of South Odisha. An empirical study was carried out through structured questionnaire to understand the perception of the respondents towards adoption of solar operated lights for their use.