bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’épilepsie de l’enfant dans l’Antiquité (ier-ve siècles) : prévention et traitement
Authors: Gaillard-Seux Patricia
Published: April 2018

L’épilepsie touche particulièrement les enfants, ce
que savaient les Anciens. La croyance en l’origine surnaturelle de
cette maladie, sa définition médicale et la crainte qu’elle soit
contagieuse influencent aussi leurs comportements face à l’épilepsie
de l’enfant. Certaines populations grecques tentaient peut-être
d’éliminer les épileptiques à la naissance, comme le laissent entendre
Plutarque et Soranos d’Éphèse. La volonté de prévention entraîne le
contrôle complet du corps et des actes de la nourrice, recommandé par
les médecins antiques. Elle conduit parfois aussi à la mise à l’écart
de l’enfant incurable : Apulée, dans l’Apologie, montre ainsi un jeune
esclave envoyé dans un lieu reculé à la campagne. Mais le souci de
soigner l’emporte sur le rejet et il existait des traitements médicaux
spécialement pour les enfants épileptiques, détaillés par Arétée de
Cappadoce, Galien et Caelius Aurelianus ; comme pour les adultes, la
magie et l’exorcisme étaient aussi employés afin d’éviter ou de
soigner le mal.
Voyager au service d’un prélat
Authors: Porcher Kevin
Published: April 2018

Rédigé au milieu de l’archiépiscopat de Blaise de
Gréelle (1456-1463), le compte de l’archevêché de Bordeaux de l’année
1459-1460 contient les détails d’un voyage réalisé par trois officiers
archiépiscopaux à travers la France de l’Ouest et du Centre. Le but de
voyage est d’apporter une forte somme à ce prélat, qui est avant tout
un conseiller de Charles VII et qui se déplace donc fréquemment hors
de son diocèse. Ce document est suffisamment précis pour reconstituer
l’itinéraire journalier des voyageurs, pour étudier leur rythme de
progression ainsi que leurs étapes. La reconstitution quotidienne
ainsi que l’analyse des aspects matériels et pratiques (montures,
bagages, nourriture et adaptation aux imprévus) de ce déplacement,
réalisé en hiver, permet d’affiner la compréhension des voyages par
voie de terre à la fin du Moyen Âge. Enfin, le caractère comptable de
la source utilisée apporte des éléments amenant à étudier les aspects
économiques de ce voyage et à estimer son poids financier pour cet
archevêque absentéiste.
Guerre de course et commerce maritime en Normandie au temps de Mazarin
Authors: Delobette Édouard
Published: April 2018

Les statistiques portuaires du Havre montrent que
la violence maritime généralisée en Manche comme en mer du Nord, les
tensions politiques et sociales ainsi que la corruption administrative
perturbent considérablement les activités commerciales des
marchands-armateurs normands durant la décennie 1650. Les milieux
marchands normands s’adaptent en pratiquant la résilience marchande
contre la piraterie ou la guerre de course ; certains d’entre eux
s’engagent dans la pluriactivité commerciale, organisant par exemple
des convois d’escorte pour les caboteurs le long des côtes de
Normandie.
Honore ton père et ta mère soumise à son mari
Authors: Scholl Sarah
Published: April 2018

Le christianisme a accompagné et parfois suscité les mutations de la culture familiale occidentale. Dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, les chrétiens mettent à disposition leurs catéchismes, avec leurs normes et leurs références historico-bibliques, pour asseoir le modèle de la « famille bourgeoise », faisant du couple hétérosexuel avec enfants un principe d’ordre social immuable à la hiérarchie bien établie. Par quel processus ? Comment cette réorganisation du réseau de parenté se voit-elle pourvue des attributs de l’intemporalité et de la sacralité religieuse ? Alors que, dans le même temps, le christianisme du XIXe siècle renouvelle fortement son offre d’alternative à la vie conjugale par le développement des congrégations religieuses, tant catholiques que protestantes. L’article examine la rencontre de ces deux discours contradictoires et questionne ainsi les conditions de possibilité d’un modèle de « famille chrétienne » pouvant être considéré comme la base d’une culture contemporaine de la parentalité.
#NOTOXENOPHOBIA prend la rue à Johannesburg
Authors: Malavolti Chloé , Bouyat Jeanne
Published: April 2018

En 2015, l’Afrique du Sud a été à nouveau frappée par des attaques xéno­phobes, faisant écho aux événements de mai 2008. Cette violence a entraîné des protestations importantes dans le pays. Le texte porte sur les mobilisa­tions anti-xénophobie survenues pendant cette crise. Il présente une ethnographie, illustrée de photographies, de la préparation, du déroulé et de la mise en récit a posteriori de trois marches organisées à Johannesburg. La première est un succès local qui initie le mouvement, et la troisième marque son apogée en suscitant un grand rassemblement d’ampleur nationale. Cependant, la deuxième est interdite la veille et violemment stoppée par la police à mi-parcours. À partir d’une description fine de ces séquences de manifestation sont identifiés trois moments du mouvement, au cours des­quels l’anti-xénophobie devient successivement avant-gardiste, contesta­taire puis normalisée. Cette évolution de la cause permet de mieux comprendre le traitement différentiel des marches par l’État.
Las mujeres exiliadas en la internacionalización de la insurrección cubana: 1955-1958
Authors: Ramírez Chicharro Manuel
Published: April 2018

El golpe de Estado del coronel Fulgencio Batista el 10 de marzo de 1952 puso fin al periodo democrático que se inauguró en Cuba con la ratificación de la Constitución de 1940. Desde ese momento, la oposición al gobierno de Batista pasó de las manifestaciones pacíficas lideradas por grupos de estudiantes escolares y universitarios al sabotaje y terrorismo urbano, así como la lucha guerrillera hasta que en enero de 1959 el movimiento insurreccional logró derrocar al gobierno golpista. Con la excepción de los estudios realizados por Sergio López y Francisco Pividal, o los testimonios de Luis Buch, se desconocen muchas facetas de la actividad desempeñada por los clubes en apoyo a la insurrección cubana que surgieron y actuaron desde exilio entre 1955 y 1959. Este artículo se apoya en prensa latinoamericana y estadounidense, así como archivos personales consultados en La Habana y Miami. Siguiendo las mencionadas líneas de investigación, se pretende delimitar cuál fue el rol desempeñado por las mujeres cubanas en estas agrupaciones y secciones exteriores. En concreto, se examinarán los clubes o mujeres activistas de México, Estados Unidos, Chile y Argentina.
Las cartas que llegaron: resistencias “letradas” en el universo carcelario femenino del Uruguay dictatorial
Authors: Ruiz Marisa
Published: April 2018

Los testimonios femeninos sobre la historia reciente del Uruguay comenzaron a ser divulgados con bastante retraso respecto a los de los varones. Las memorias hegemónicas fueron masculinas. En este artículo analizamos las cartas enviadas por dos presas políticas a sus familiares, entre 1973 y 1979, en particular sus contenidos autobiográficos y relacionales, las diversas memorias en ellas presentes, y las formasen que setransmitieron. Estas cartas fueron publicadas en diferentes momentos y lugares: las de Flavia Schilling en Porto Alegre en 1978 y 1980, en el marco de una campañapara su liberación. Las de Susana Pacifici en 2015, después de su muerte, en Montevideo, para que sus hijas y el resto de la sociedad uruguaya conociera su vida y acciones. Ambas correspondencias presentan algunas características comunes, como la descripción de su vida cotidiana, el apoyo de sus compañeras en momentos difíciles y la transmisión de experiencias a través de sentimientos y sensaciones que estimulan la participación de los lectores. Lo más significativo es que son escrituras de dolor en momentos históricos críticos. Percibimos que ambas vivieron y escribieron junto a sus compañeras, con una voz colectiva que intentamos rescatar.
Representações do feminino no cinema e na memória da resistência armada à ditadura militar brasileira
Authors: Dellamore Carolina , Ventura de Souza Fernandes Juliana
Published: April 2018

O artigo objetiva analisar o documentário “Em busca de Iara” (2014), dirigido por Flávio Frederico. O filme pretende reconstituir a trajetória da militante política Iara Iavelberg, cuja narrativa é conduzida por Mariana Pamplona, sobrinha de Iara e responsável pelo roteiro, produção e codireção dessa obra. Contudo, o foco do documentário é o desmonte da versão oficial da ditadura, que atribuiu a um suicídio a causa da morte de Iara Iavelberg, em 1971. Assim, na ânsia investigativa para provar que Iara Iavelberg teria sido assassinada pela repressão, o documentário relega a um plano secundário sua militância política durante a ditadura. O argumento central é que no documentário a guerrilheira Iara permanece sendo reconhecida pela beleza e por ter sido a mulher do ex-capitão do Exército Carlos Lamarca e não por sua atuação política, o que pouco contribui para a discussão do papel da militância feminina nas organizações de esquerda nesse período.
As violências sexuais e de gênero e a justiça de transição no Brasil e na Argentina: uma análise comparativa dos movimentos de mulheres em cada país
Authors: Araújo Pereira Fernanda , Santos Paulo Luísa
Published: April 2018

As mulheres historicamente ocuparam papéis de resistência a regimes autoritários, como durante as ditaduras vividas no Brasil e na Argentina no século XX. Nesses períodos, os militares incumbidos de perseguir, torturar e matar os opositores ao governo ditatorial perpetraram contra as mulheres formas de violência que buscavam não somente fulminar a dissidência política, como também conformá-las a papéis de gênero socialmente definidos. No contexto de redemocratização pós regimes ditatoriais, uma justiça transicional que se faz silente em relação às violências sexuais e de gênero perpetradas pelos agentes da ditadura contra os corpos femininos contribui para a perpetuação das concepções machistas e patriarcais em Estados Democráticos de Direito. Este artigo busca compreender as estruturas de poder por trás das formas de tortura contra as mulheres e comparar tanto como as vivências das brasileiras e das argentinas durante as ditaduras militares, quanto como as suas atuações nos momentos de transição de regimes refletiram positiva ou negativamente na consolidação de direitos das mulheres nas novas democracias.
Cuerpos y subjetividades en disputa: Experiencias femeninas en los centros clandestinos de detención en Argentina (1976-1983)
Authors: Martínez Paola
Published: April 2018

En la presente elaboración, analizaremos la experiencia vivida por las mujeres militantes en los centros clandestinos de detención durante la última dictadura militar en Argentina (1976-1983). Desde una perspectiva de género, incursionaremos en las características de la subjetividad femenina forjada en los lugares de encierro. Estas mujeres padecieron, además de la tortura, una violencia política sexuada. Dicha violencia ha tenido la finalidad de disciplinar, feminizar y reubicar a las militantes en el rol de género del cual se habían alejado por tener acceso a otras experiencias como fue en la militancia setentista. Al reforzarse con la dictadura un mandato patriarcal, consideramos que existió una resignificación de la masculinidad y feminidad en estos espacios de encierro. La masculinidad estuvo representada por el poder absoluto de los torturadores sobre los cuerpos de víctimas pasivas. La feminidad se asoció con la pasividad: cuerpos (tanto de mujeres como de varones) sumidos a actitudes dependientes, impotentes y humillantes. Los relatos en los juicios sobre delitos contra la integridad sexual empiezan a habilitarse hoy, ya que en la década del 80 las violaciones no eran visibilizadas en los juicios. Son historias que hacen a la memoria pública del pasado reciente, cuyas visibilizaciones contribuirán a enriquecerla.
As mães de filhos mortos/desaparecidos na ditadura militar no Brasil: da luta política das mulheres à inserção no espaço público
Authors: Leite Cruz Fatima Maria , de Souza Santos Maria de Fátima
Published: April 2018

Este artigo discute resultados de entrevistas realizadas em Recife, capital do estado de Pernambuco, no âmbito da pesquisa “Identidade e memória dos ‘anos de chumbo’: a trajetória de familiares de presos e desaparecidos políticos durante a ditadura militar em Belo Horizonte, Recife, Brasília e Vitória”. No recorte buscamos compreender o impacto da militância contra a ditadura militar na dinâmica familiar e nas concepções de mulher e maternidade. Realizamos 19 entrevistas e selecionamos duas que ressaltavam as trajetórias de mulheres na busca de seus filhos. A análise do conteúdo permitiu a construção de dois eixos temáticos inter-relacionados. No primeiro, levantamos as mudanças nos papéis sociais no interior das famílias, e no segundo, a ocupação do espaço público pelas mulheres-mães. Observou-se o impacto da ditadura militar reconfigurando o papel tradicional da mulher no seio da família e, na busca de seus filhos essas mulheres foram, paulatinamente, se inserindo na vida pública, exercendo um papel político, gestando novas formas de conceber a mulher e a maternidade e modificando seu lugar de mulher e mãe na sociedade.
Actionnariat salarié, gouvernance et performance de la firme : une étude de cas économétrique portant sur un groupe français coté
Authors: Aubert Nicolas , Chassagnon Virgile , Hollandts Xavier
Published: April 2018

Dans nos économies de marché fondées sur la connaissance, le capital humain et les employés qui le recèlent sont au cœur de la création des avantages compétitifs des firmes. Forts de ce constat, d’aucuns évoquent de plus en plus le rôle bénéfique que peuvent jouer les salariés dans la gouvernance de l’entreprise moderne à travers leur participation potentielle au capital des firmes. Pour autant, la relation entre l’actionnariat salarié et la performance n’est pas clairement établie par la littérature académique. Cette contribution se situe dans ce débat ambiant en testant l’impact de l’actionnariat salarié sur la performance économique des entreprises. Pour ce faire, notre attention portera tout particulièrement sur l’actionnariat salarié comme instrument institutionnel de gouvernance d’entreprise. Nous étudions plus précisément la relation entre l’actionnariat salarié et la performance économique sur 900 filiales d’un groupe coté français (appartenant au CAC 40) sur une période de cinq ans. Notre étude montre que l’actionnariat salarié influe positivement sur la performance économique des entreprises.
Les accords de coopération inter-entreprises à l’ère numérique
Authors: Bienaymé Alain
Published: April 2018

L’outil numérique affecte les stratégies de coopération des entreprises en raison de ses qualités propres et de la culture commune qu’il diffuse à travers le tissu industriel. Cet outil de communication aide à construire des cathédrales technologiques, cependant que, dans ses formes avancées, les plateformes numériques, le traitement et l’exploitation des mégadonnées préfigurent des changements profonds dans la relation des entreprises à leurs marchés. Pour autant, le numérique ne remet en cause ni la spécificité des rapports de coopération inter-entreprises, ni leur raison d’être, ni les conditions de leur viabilité, thèmes abordés en introduction de ce rapport. On s’interroge enfin sur la résurgence du paradoxe de productivité énoncé naguère par R. Solow à propos des ordinateurs.
TÉCNICAS, SABERES E PRÁTICAS PSICOLÓGICAS NA PRIMEIRA REPÚBLICA (1889-1930)
Authors: Castro Alexandre de Carvalho , Facchinetti Cristiana , Portugal Francisco Teixeira
Published: April 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as técnicas, saberes e práticas tidas como psicológicas no Rio de Janeiro da Primeira República (1889-1930). Nesse sentido, pautou-se por uma metodologia que priorizou o levantamento de fontes bibliográficas primárias (artigos, livros e relatórios técnicos de época). Constatou-se, como resultado da pesquisa empreendida, que ocorreram aproximações e convergências entre áreas da psicologia aplicada que, posteriormente, iriam ocupar institucionalmente espaços bem separados. Assim, verificou-se que a designação de dado saber, prática ou técnica configurada como "Psicologia" não foi sempre configurada em áreas de aplicação independentes. Nessa perspectiva, segue uma linha diversa de abordagens históricas que primam por setorizar práticas psicológicas, sendo a principal contribuição do artigo para o campo da história da psicologia justamente a de mostrar que uma eventual “História da Psicologia do Trabalho”, no período investigado, não era absolutamente distinta de áreas, hoje classificadas, como as da “História da Psicologia Clínica”, ou da “História da Psicologia Escolar”.
Nanocomposites in Controlled & Targeted Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Kaurav Hemlata , Manchanda Satish , Dua Kamal , Kapoor Deepak N.
Published: April 2018

In recent years, development of different types of nanocomposites have increased their utilization in the biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences. The nanometer size range and unique composition make nanocomposites a beneficial alternative to any single conventional material. The present chapter provides a general overview of nanocomposites, discusses different types of nanocomposites such as metal, ceramic and polymer nanocomposites. The discussion is further focused on different nanocomposite based controlled and targeted systems developed for delivery of various drugs including anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and cardiovascular drugs.
Indian childhood cirrhosis – down but not out
Authors: Gaur K , Sakhuja P , Mandal RN , Kapoor S
Published: April 2018

Indian childhood cirrhosis is an entity believed to be on the verge of extinction. We present the case of a 13-month-old girl presenting acutely with jaundice, fever, and persistently increasing bilirubin. Investigations revealed direct hyperbilirubinemia, elevated transaminases, anemia, a blood with few schistocytes, positive direct coombs test, and deranged prothrombin time. Viral, autoimmune, and metabolic workup was unremarkable. Ultrasonography showed chronic liver disease, portal hypertension, and ascites. Due to numerous confounding factors and a low index of suspicion, the diagnosis of Indian childhood cirrhosis remained elusive and was clinched only on liver biopsy, albeit more than three weeks later, shortly after which the child expired. The timing and technique of the liver biopsy may have profound impact on the ultimate clinical outcome. Close coordination between the clinical and pathological teams is essential for deciphering acute presentations where the etiology is uncertain. We highlight the clinical considerations, varied morphological pointers, and offer a diagnostic algorithm facilitating the consideration of this disease.
Comparative study between loupe-assisted and conventional subinguinal varicocelectomy
Authors: Megahed Hazem A. , Megahed Hatem A. , Ziada Salah G. , Sarhan Amr A. , El-Syed MasoudKh
Published: April 2018

Introduction

In this prospective randomized study, the outcome and the complication rates of loupe-assisted subinguinal varicocelectomy (LASV) are compared with conventional subinguinal varicocelectomy.

Patients and methods

Between December 2014 and June 2017, 66 patients aged from 20 to 38 years old were enrolled in this study in Al-Azhar University Hospital, New Damietta, and Al-Zahraa University Hospital, Cairo. The patients were randomly subdivided into two groups: group A included 33 patients who underwent LASV using surgical loupes with three times magnification, group B included 33 patients who underwent conventional open subinguinal varicocelectomy. Postoperative complications along with preoperative and postoperative (3 months) seminal parameters were compared between the two groups. Moreover, the number of identified internal spermatic arteries was also compared between the two groups.

Results

The hydrocele formation was significantly lesser in group A treated by LASV [none of the patients (0%)] than group B treated by conventional subinguinal varicocelectomy (three patients; 9.09%). The recurrence rate was better in group A (one patient; 3.03%) than group B (two patients; 6.06%), but the result was nonsignificant regarding recurrence rate. Testicular hypertrophy does not occur in both groups. The average number of preserved arteries was more in group A than group B (0.95±0.51 in group A vs. 0.88±0.47 in group B). Semen parameters including semen concentration, sperm motility, and percentage of abnormal forms were improved in both groups, but the improvement was nonsignificantly better in group A than group B, so the improvement was nonsignificantly between the two groups, but it was significant between the preoperative and postoperative results within each group.

Conclusion

LASV is better than conventional open subinguinal varicocelectomy as loupe allows clear visualization of the testicular artery, lymphatics, and small venous channels, resulting in decrease in the incidence of complications, including hydrocele formation, testicular artery injury, and varicocele recurrence.
Массивные выбросы гладких гауссовских изотропных полей. Метод моментов
Authors: Piterbarg Vladimir Il'ich
Published: April 2018

Для гауссовских дважды почти наверное непрерывно дифференцируемых гауссовских изотропных полей найдена асимптотика вероятности появления массивного выброса траектории за высокий уровень. Под массивным выбросом понимается выброс с диаметром основания превосходящим фиксированное число. Для доказательства вводится и изучается точечный процесс выходов векторного гауссовского поля, компоненты которого являются копиями исходного поля, из расширяющегося множества. Также получены общие результаты о логарифмической (грубой) асимптотике вероятностей высоких массивных выбросов.
Goodness-of-fit tests based on sup-functionals of weighted empirical processes
Authors: Stepanova N A , Pavlenko Tatyana
Published: April 2018

В настоящей работе рассматривается класс тестовых статистик для проверки гипотезы согласия, основанных на $\mathrm{sup}$-нормах взвешенных эмпирических процессов. В качестве весовых функций используется верхний класс функций Эрдeша-Феллера-Колмогорова-Петровского для броуновского моста. На основании результата М. Чeргe, Ш. Чeргe, Хорвата и Мейсона о сходимости по распределению взвешенных эмпирических процессов данного типа выводятся предельные распределения изучаемых статистик при нулевой гипотезе и предлагается алгоритм для табулирования квантилей полученных распределений. В работе также вводится семейство непараметрических доверительных полос для оценивания истинной функции распределения. Полученные результаты, включая новый результат о сходимости по распределению статистики «высокого критицизма» Донохоу и Джина, свидетельствуют о преимуществах предложенного нами типа взвешивания с использованием верхнего класса функций для броуновского моста по сравнению с регулярно меняющимися весовыми функциями, нередко рассматриваемыми в данном контексте. Кроме того, показывается, что в различных задачах проверки гипотезы о наличии разреженной неоднородной смеси распределений, которые описываются с помощью критического радиуса, установленного Ингстером, изучаемые тестовые статистики ведут себя оптимально адаптивно по отношению к параметрам смеси.
Разложение стохастических мер в ряды Фурье
Authors: Radchenko Vadym Mykolayovych
Published: April 2018

Рассматриваются процессы вида $\mu(t)=\mu((0,t])$, где $\mu$ - $\sigma$-аддитивная по вероятности случайная функция множеств. Доказаны утверждения о сходимости случайного ряда Фурье к значениям $\mu(t)$, с использованием аналогов сумм Фейера получена аппроксимация интегралов по $\mu$. Для этих аппроксимаций показана сходимость решений уравнения теплопроводности, управляемого $\mu$.
The Effect of Surface Roughness on Diffusion and Chemical Reaction Controlled Limiting Currents on a Rotating Cylinder Electrode in Deaerated Solutions with and Without CO2
Authors: Al-Khateeb M. , Barker R. , Neville A. , Thompson H.M.
Published: April 2018

The influence of surface roughness on mass transfer on a rotating cylinder electrode apparatus is investigated experimentally for a roughness pattern consisting of grooves parallel to the direction of fluid flow. Mass transfer from four different samples, with roughness values of 0.5 μm, 6 μm, 20 μm, and 34 μm, is measured using the limiting current technique for a range of rotational speeds in NaCl solutions saturated with N2 at pH = 3 and 4. Comparison with available correlations for the Sherwood number in literature (which are independent of surface roughness and are either for specific or arbitrary roughness patterns) shows that H+ mass transfer only correlates well for particular levels of roughness and that their accuracy can be increased if a correlation is utilized which is a function of surface roughening. A new correlation for Sherwood number as a function of the Reynolds number, Schmidt number, and surface roughness is proposed which agrees well with the mass transfer observed from all of the rough surface cases considered for this particular roughness pattern. Complementary experiments in CO2 environments were used to assess the combined limiting current associated with H+ and H2CO3 reduction (with the latter occurring via the buffering effect and being associated with the slow CO2 hydration step). Although the increase in sample roughness clearly leads to an increase in the rate of H+ mass transfer, in the CO2 environments considered, surface roughness is found to have no significant influence on the limiting current contribution from H2CO3, which can therefore be determined from Vetter’s equation across this range of operating conditions.
Fugazi’s In on the Kill Taker
Authors: Gross Joe
Published: April 2018

By June 1993, when Washington, D.C.’s Fugazi released their third full-length album In on the Kill Taker, the quartet was reaching a thunderous peak in popularity and influence. With two EPs (combined into the classic CD 13 songs) and two albums (1990’s genre-defining Repeater and 1991’s impressionistic follow-up Steady Diet of Nothing) inside of five years, Fugazi was on creative roll, astounding increasingly large audiences as they toured, blasting fist-pumping anthems and jammy noise-workouts that roared into every open underground heart. The album debuted on the now-SoundScan-driven charts; Fugazi had never been more in the public eye.

Few knew how difficult it had been to make this popular breakthrough. Disappointed with the sound of the self-produced Steady Diet, the band recorded with legendary engineer Steve Albini, only to scrap the sessions and record at home in D.C. with Ted Niceley, their brilliant, under-known producer. Inadvertently, Fugazi chose an unsure moment to make In on the Kill Taker: as Nirvana and Sonic Youth were yanking the American rock underground into the media glare, and “breaking” punk in every possible meaning of the word. Despite all of this, Kill Taker is an alt-rock classic in spite of itself, even as its defiant, muscular sound stood in stark contrast to everything represented by the mainstreaming of a culture and worldview they held dear.
Perfume’s GAME
Authors: Michel Patrick  St.
Published: April 2018

Released in 2008, J-pop trio Perfume’s GAME shot to the top of Japanese music charts and turned the Hiroshima trio into a household name across the country. It was also a high point for techno-pop, the genre’s biggest album since the heyday of Yellow Magic Orchestra. This collection of maximalist but emotional electronic pop stands as one of the style’s finest moments, with its influence still echoing from artists both in Japan and from beyond. This book examines Perfume’s underdog story as a group long struggling for success, the making of GAME, and the history of techno-pop that shaped it.

33 1/3 Global, a series related to but independent from 33 1/3, takes the format of the original series of short, music-basedbooks and brings the focus to music throughout the world. With initial volumes focusing on Japanese and Brazilian music, the series will also include volumes on the popular music of Australia/Oceania, Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and more.
High-resolution inversion of OMI formaldehyde columns to quantify isoprene emission on ecosystem-relevant scales: application to the southeast US
Authors: Kaiser Jennifer , Jacob Daniel J. , Zhu Lei , Travis Katherine R. , Fisher Jenny A. , González Abad Gonzalo , Zhang Lin , Zhang Xuesong , Fried Alan , Crounse John D. , St. Clair Jason M. , Wisthaler Armin
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Isoprene emissions from vegetation have a large effect on
atmospheric chemistry and air quality. “Bottom-up” isoprene emission
inventories used in atmospheric models are based on limited vegetation
information and uncertain land cover data, leading to potentially large
errors. Satellite observations of atmospheric formaldehyde (HCHO), a
high-yield isoprene oxidation product, provide “top-down” information to
evaluate isoprene emission inventories through inverse analyses. Past inverse
analyses have however been hampered by uncertainty in the HCHO satellite
data, uncertainty in the time- and NOx-dependent yield of HCHO from
isoprene oxidation, and coarse resolution of the atmospheric models used for
the inversion. Here we demonstrate the ability to use HCHO satellite data
from OMI in a high-resolution inversion to constrain isoprene emissions on
ecosystem-relevant scales. The inversion uses the adjoint of the GEOS-Chem
chemical transport model at 0.25∘ × 0.3125∘
horizontal resolution to interpret observations over the southeast US in
August–September 2013. It takes advantage of concurrent NASA SEAC4RS
aircraft observations of isoprene and its oxidation products including HCHO
to validate the OMI HCHO data over the region, test the GEOS-Chem isoprene
oxidation mechanism and NOx environment, and independently evaluate the
inversion. This evaluation shows in particular that local model errors in
NOx concentrations propagate to biases in inferring isoprene emissions
from HCHO data. It is thus essential to correct model NOx biases, which
was done here using SEAC4RS observations but can be done more generally
using satellite NO2 data concurrently with HCHO. We find in our
inversion that isoprene emissions from the widely used MEGAN v2.1 inventory
are biased high over the southeast US by 40 % on average, although the
broad-scale distributions are correct including maximum emissions in
Arkansas/Louisiana and high base emission factors in the oak-covered Ozarks
of southeast Missouri. A particularly large discrepancy is in the Edwards
Plateau of central Texas where MEGAN v2.1 is too high by a factor of 3,
possibly reflecting errors in land cover. The lower isoprene emissions
inferred from our inversion, when implemented into GEOS-Chem, decrease
surface ozone over the southeast US by 1–3 ppb and decrease the isoprene
contribution to organic aerosol from 40 to 20 %.
The climate effects of increasing ocean albedo: An idealized
representation of solar geoengineering
Authors: Kravitz Ben , Rasch Philip J. , Wang Hailong , Robock Alan , Gabriel Corey , Boucher Olivier , Cole Jason N. S. , Haywood Jim , Ji Duoying , Jones Andy , Lenton Andrew , Moore John C. , Muri Helene , Niemeier Ulrike , Phipps Steven , Schmidt Hauke , Watanabe Shingo , Yang Shuting , Yoon Jin-Ho
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Marine cloud brightening has been proposed as a means of geoengineering/climate intervention, or deliberately altering the climate system to offset anthropogenic climate change. As an idealized representation of marine cloud brightening, this paper discusses experiment G1ocean-albedo of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP), involving an abrupt quadrupling of the CO2 concentration and an instantaneous increase in ocean albedo to maintain approximate net top-of-atmosphere radiative flux balance. Eleven Earth System Models are relatively consistent in their temperature, radiative flux, and hydrological cycle responses to this experiment. Due to the imposed forcing, air over the land surface warms by a model average of 1.14 K, while air over most of the ocean cools. Some parts of the near-surface air temperature over ocean warm due to heat transport from land to ocean. These changes generally resolve within a few years, indicating that changes in ocean heat content play at most a small role in the warming over the oceans. The hydrological cycle response is a general slowing down, with high heterogeneity in the response, particularly in the tropics. While idealized, these results have important implications for marine cloud brightening, or other methods of geoengineering involving spatially heterogeneous forcing, or other general forcings with a strong land/ocean contrast. It also reinforces previous findings that keeping top-of-atmosphere net radiative flux constant is not sufficient for preventing changes in global mean temperature.
Comparisons of spectral aerosol single scattering albedo in Seoul, South Korea
Authors: Mok Jungbin , Krotkov Nickolay A. , Torres Omar , Jethva Hiren , Li Zhanqing , Kim Jhoon , Koo Ja-Ho , Go Sujung , Irie Hitoshi , Labow Gordon , Eck Thomas F. , Holben Brent N. , Herman Jay , Loughman Robert P. , Spinei Elena , Lee Seoung Soo , Khatri Pradeep , Campanelli Monica
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Quantifying aerosol absorption at ultraviolet (UV)
wavelengths is important for monitoring air pollution and aerosol amounts
using current (e.g., Aura/OMI) and future (e.g., TROPOMI, TEMPO, GEMS, and
Sentinel-4) satellite measurements. Measurements of column average
atmospheric aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) are performed on the
ground by the NASA AERONET in the visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR)
wavelengths and in the UV-VIS-NIR by the SKYNET networks. Previous
comparison studies have focused on VIS and NIR wavelengths due to the lack
of co-incident measurements of aerosol and gaseous absorption properties in
the UV. This study compares the SKYNET-retrieved SSA in the UV with the SSA
derived from a combination of AERONET, MFRSR, and Pandora (AMP) retrievals
in Seoul, South Korea, in spring and summer 2016. The results show that
the spectrally invariant surface albedo assumed in the SKYNET SSA retrievals
leads to underestimated SSA compared to AMP values at near UV wavelengths.
Re-processed SKYNET inversions using spectrally varying surface albedo,
consistent with the AERONET retrieval improve agreement with AMP SSA. The
combined AMP inversions allow for separating aerosol and gaseous (NO2
and O3) absorption and provide aerosol retrievals from the shortest
UVB (305 nm) through VIS to NIR wavelengths (870 nm).
Mg / Ca and δ18O in living planktic foraminifers from the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico and Florida Straits
Authors: Jentzen Anna , Nürnberg Dirk , Hathorne Ed C. , Schönfeld Joachim
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Past ocean temperatures and salinities are successfully approximated from combined stable oxygen isotopes (δ18O) and Mg / Ca measurements in fossil foraminiferal tests. To further refine this approach, we collected living planktic foraminifers by net sampling and pumping of seasurface waters from the Caribbean Sea, the eastern Gulf of Mexico, and Florida Straits. Analyses of δ18O and Mg / Ca in eight living planktic species (Globigerinoides sacculifer, Orbulina universa, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, Globorotalia menardii, Globorotalia ungulata, Globorotalia truncatulinoides and Globorotalia tumida) were compared to measured in situ properties of the ambient seawater (temperature, salinity and δ18Oseawater) and fossil tests of underlying surface sediments. "Vital effects" such as symbiont activity and test growth cause δ18O disequilibria to the ambient seawater and a large scatter in foraminiferal Mg / Ca. Overall, ocean temperature is the most prominent environmental influence on δ18Ocalcite and Mg / Ca. Enrichment of the heavier δ18 isotope in living specimens below the mixed layer and in fossil tests are clearly related to lowered in situ temperatures and gametogenic calcification. Mg / Ca-based temperature estimates of G. sacculifer indicate seasonal maximum accumulation rates on the seafloor in early spring (March) at Caribbean stations and later in the year (May) in the Florida Straits, related to the respective mixed layer temperatures of ~ 26 °C. Notably, G. sacculifer reveals a positive linear relationship between foraminiferal derived δ18Oseawater estimates and both measured in situ δ18Oseawater and salinity. Our results affirm the applicability of existing δ18O and Mg / Ca calibrations for the reconstruction of past ocean temperatures and δ18Oseawater reflecting salinity due to the convincing accordance of proxy data in both living and fossil foraminifers, and in situ environmental parameters. Large "vital effects" and seasonally varying proxy signals, however, need to be taken into account.
Eddy Covariance flux errors due to random and systematic timing errors during data acquisition
Authors: Fratini Gerardo , Sabbatini Simone , Ediger Kevin , Nicolini Giacomo , Vitale Domenico , Papale Dario
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Modern Eddy Covariance (EC) systems collect high-frequency data (10–20 Hz) via instruments’ digital outputs. While this helps overcome the limits of traditional mixed analog/digital systems, it also introduces the new problem of guaranteeing data synchronicity when the clocks of the involved devices cannot themselves be synchronized, which is often the case with instruments providing data via serial or Ethernet connectivity. By means of a simulation study, we found that in most cases random timing errors can safely be neglected, as they do not impact fluxes to a large extent. On the contrary, realistic systematic timing errors potentially arising in asynchronous systems can lead to flux underestimations as large as 10 %, by means of attenuation of high-frequency flux contributions. We characterize the transfer function of such filters as a function of the error amount and find cut-off frequencies as low as 1 Hz, which means that synchronization errors can dominate high-frequency attenuations in open- and enclosed-path EC systems. In most cases, such timing errors cannot be detected nor quantified a posteriori. Therefore, we suggest testing the ability of prospect EC data logging systems to assure required synchronicity and propose a procedure to implement such a test, which relies on readily available equipment.
The WASCAL high-resolution regional climate simulation ensemble for West Africa: concept, dissemination and assessment
Authors: Heinzeller Dominikus , Dieng Diarra , Smiatek Gerhard , Olusegun Christiana , Klein Cornelia , Hamann Ilse , Salack Seyni , Bliefernicht Jan , Kunstmann Harald
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Climate change and constant population growth pose severe
challenges to 21st century rural Africa. Within the framework of the West
African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use
(WASCAL), an ensemble of high-resolution regional climate change scenarios
for the greater West African region is provided to support the development of
effective adaptation and mitigation measures. This contribution presents the
overall concept of the WASCAL regional climate simulations, as well as
detailed information on the experimental design, and provides information on
the format and dissemination of the available data. All data are made
available to the public at the CERA long-term archive of the German Climate
Computing Center (DKRZ) with a subset available at the PANGAEA Data Publisher
for Earth & Environmental Science portal
(https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.880512). A brief assessment of
the data are presented to provide guidance for future users. Regional climate projections are generated at high (12 km) and intermediate
(60 km) resolution using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF).
The simulations cover the validation period 1980–2010 and the two future
periods 2020–2050 and 2070–2100. A brief comparison to observations and two
climate change scenarios from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment
(CORDEX) initiative is presented to provide guidance on the data set to
future users and to assess their climate change signal. Under the RCP4.5
(Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5) scenario, the results suggest an
increase in temperature by 1.5 ∘C at the coast of Guinea and by up
to 3 ∘C in the northern Sahel by the end of the 21st century, in
line with existing climate projections for the region. They also project an
increase in precipitation by up to 300 mm per year along the coast of
Guinea, by up to 150 mm per year in the Soudano region adjacent in the north
and almost no change in precipitation in the Sahel. This stands in contrast
to existing regional climate projections, which predict increasingly drier
conditions. The high spatial and temporal resolution of the data, the extensive list of
output variables, the large computational domain and the long time periods
covered make this data set a unique resource for follow-up analyses and
impact modelling studies over the greater West African region. The
comprehensive documentation and standardisation of the data facilitate and
encourage their use within and outside of the WASCAL community.
libcloudph++ 1.1: aqueous phase chemistry extension of the
Lagrangian cloud microphysics scheme
Authors: Jaruga Anna , Pawlowska Hanna
Published: April 2018

Abstract. This paper introduces a new scheme available in the library of algorithms for representing cloud microphysics in numerical models named libcloudph++. The scheme extends the Lagrangian microphysics scheme available in libcloudph++ to the aqueous phase chemical processes occurring within cloud droplets. The representation of chemical processes focuses on the aqueous phase oxidation of the dissolved SO2 by O3 and H2O2. The Lagrangian Microphysics and Chemistry (LMC) scheme allows tracking the changes in the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) distribution caused by both collisions between cloud droplets and aqueous phase oxidation. The scheme is implemented in C++ and equipped with bindings to Python which allow reusing the created scheme from models implemented in other programming languages. The scheme can be used on either CPU or GPU, and is distributed under the GPL3 license. Here, the LMC scheme is tested in a simple 0-dimensional adiabatic parcel model and then used in a 2-dimensional prescribed flow framework. The results are discussed with the focus on changes to the CCN sizes and compared with other model simulations discussed in the literature.
Critical scales to explain urban hydrological response: an application in Cranbrook, London
Authors: Cristiano Elena , ten Veldhuis Marie-Claire , Gaitan Santiago , Ochoa Rodriguez Susana , van de Giesen Nick
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Rainfall variability in space and time, in relation to catchment
characteristics and model complexity, plays an important role in explaining
the sensitivity of hydrological response in urban areas. In this work we
present a new approach to classify rainfall variability in space and time and
we use this classification to investigate rainfall aggregation effects on
urban hydrological response. Nine rainfall events, measured with a dual
polarimetric X-Band radar instrument at the CAESAR site (Cabauw Experimental Site for
Atmospheric Research, NL), were aggregated in time and space in order to
obtain different resolution combinations. The aim of this work was to
investigate the influence that rainfall and catchment scales have on
hydrological response in urban areas. Three dimensionless scaling factors
were introduced to investigate the interactions between rainfall and
catchment scale and rainfall input resolution in relation to the performance
of the model. Results showed that (1) rainfall classification based on
cluster identification well represents the storm core, (2) aggregation
effects are stronger for rainfall than flow, (3) model complexity does not
have a strong influence compared to catchment and rainfall scales for this case
study, and (4) scaling factors allow the adequate rainfall
resolution to be selected to obtain a given level of accuracy in the calculation of
hydrological response.
Root growth, water uptake, and sap flow of winter wheat in response to different soil water conditions
Authors: Cai Gaochao , Vanderborght Jan , Langensiepen Matthias , Schnepf Andrea , Hüging Hubert , Vereecken Harry
Published: April 2018

Abstract. How much water can be taken up by roots and how this depends on the root and water distributions in the root zone are
important questions that need to be answered to describe water fluxes in the soil–plant–atmosphere
system. Physically based root water uptake (RWU) models that relate RWU to transpiration, root density, and water
potential distributions have been developed but used or tested far less. This study aims at evaluating the simulated RWU
of winter wheat using the empirical Feddes–Jarvis (FJ) model and the physically based Couvreur (C) model for different soil
water conditions and soil textures compared to sap flow measurements. Soil water content (SWC), water potential, and root
development were monitored noninvasively at six soil depths in two rhizotron facilities that were constructed in two soil
textures: stony vs. silty, with each of three water treatments: sheltered, rainfed, and irrigated. Soil and root parameters
of the two models were derived from inverse modeling and simulated RWU was compared with sap flow measurements for
validation. The different soil types and water treatments resulted in different crop biomass, root densities, and root
distributions with depth. The two models simulated the lowest RWU in the sheltered plot of the stony soil where RWU was
also lower than the potential RWU. In the silty soil, simulated RWU was equal to the potential uptake for all
treatments. The variation of simulated RWU among the different plots agreed well with measured sap flow but the C model
predicted the ratios of the transpiration fluxes in the two soil types slightly better than the FJ model. The root
hydraulic parameters of the C model could be constrained by the field data but not the water stress parameters of the FJ
model. This was attributed to differences in root densities between the different soils and treatments which are accounted
for by the C model, whereas the FJ model only considers normalized root densities. The impact of differences in root
density on RWU could be accounted for directly by the physically based RWU model but not by empirical models that use
normalized root density functions.
COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT ATTITUDE CORRECTION MODELS FOR ZY-3 SATELLITE IMAGERY
Authors: Song Wenping , Liu Shijie , Tong Xiaohua , Niu Changling , Ye Zhen , Zhang Han , Jin Yanmin
Published: April 2018

Abstract. ZY-3 satellite, launched in 2012, is the first civilian high resolution stereo mapping satellite of China. This paper analyzed the positioning errors of ZY-3 satellite imagery and conducted compensation for geo-position accuracy improvement using different correction models, including attitude quaternion correction, attitude angle offset correction, and attitude angle linear correction. The experimental results revealed that there exist systematic errors with ZY-3 attitude observations and the positioning accuracy can be improved after attitude correction with aid of ground controls. There is no significant difference between the results of attitude quaternion correction method and the attitude angle correction method. However, the attitude angle offset correction model produced steady improvement than the linear correction model when limited ground control points are available for single scene.