bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DPP Leveler with Side Chain Modifications: Mechanistic Insights on Charge Sites for Improved Microvia Filling in Copper Electrodeposition
Authors: Chen Xin , Li Jun , Li Xuyang , Hu Zhenlong , Wang Limin
Published: January 2025

2,5‐Bis(6‐(trimethylammonium)hexyl)‐3,6‐diaryl‐1,4‐diketopyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole (DPP) pigments have demonstrated significant potential as levelers in copper electrodeposition. In this study, we synthesized novel diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based quaternary ammonium salts 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d, each featuring distinct substituents, and assessed their inhibitory properties through electrochemical measurements. Among these, compound 1d exhibited the best inhibitory performance in fundamental electrochemical tests. Additionally, advanced quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to elucidate the reasons behind the superior inhibition performance of compound 1d from molecular and adsorption energy perspectives. Consequently, compound 1d was selected for detailed investigation of its leveling effects in PCB microvia filling. Notably, 1d achieved a filling rate of 97.1% in PCB microvia experiments, highlighting its efficacy as a leveler. Furthermore, elemental analysis confirmed the chemical adsorption of compound 1d on the copper surface. Based on these experimental results, a plausible mechanism explaining the excellent leveling performance of compound 1d is proposed. These findings suggest that 1d is a promising candidate for microvia filling applications and provide valuable insights for the development and synthesis of new levelers. Future research will focus on optimizing the performance of 1d and exploring other novel levelers to further advance the field.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Insights of Half Sandwich Ruthenium–Arene Schiff Base Complexes: Molecular Docking and DFT
Authors: Arshi Farha , Bano Swaila , Parveen Shama , Banerjee Monisha , Kushwaha Neeti K. , Singh Sudheer Kumar , Kumar Amarendra , Singh Ashok K.
Published: January 2025

Ruthenium complexes are gaining attention for their promising roles as chemotherapeutic and antimicrobial agents. In this study, three half sandwich organoruthenium(II) complexes, [(η6‐p‐cymene)Ru(L1)Cl]Cl [M1], [(η6‐p‐cymene)Ru(L2)Cl]Cl [M2], and [(η6‐p‐cymene)Ru(L3)Cl]Cl [M3], have been synthesized by reacting [{(η6‐p‐cymene)RuCl}2(μ‐Cl)2] with Schiff base ligands namely.N‐(Salicylidene)‐4‐toluidine (L1), N‐(Salicylidene)‐4‐aminobenzoic acid (L2), and N‐(Salicylidene)‐2‐hydroxyaniline (L3). These complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, UV–vis., FTIR, multinuclear NMR and ESI‐MS spectroscopic methods. Computational analysis for these complex cations suggests distorted octahedral geometry around Ru(II) that is coordinated to azomethine nitrogen and phenoxide centers of the Schiff base ligand in bidentate mode, chloro and p‐cymene ligand in η6‐mode. Further, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) values calculations have been performed to gain insights into the electronic properties and stability. Molecular docking studies reveal strong interaction between M1 and penicillin‐binding protein‐2 (PBP2), thereby highlighting its potential as an antibacterial agent against resistant bacteria. M1 exhibits over 90% inhibition against Mycobacterium tuberculosis at 12.5 µM and showcases potential anticancer activity against Human cervical cancer cells (SiHa). This study underscores the structural, computational, and biological significance of such class of ruthenium(II) complexes for biomedical applications.
Porous Nickel Oxide Nanostructures Grown on Carbon Paper for Electrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Detection in Green Tea
Authors: Dash Anabadya , Patra Dulal Chandra , Deb Anwesha , Das Sudipta , Acharyya Debanjan , Mondal Suvra Prakash
Published: January 2025

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) shows an essential role in several biological processes and is frequently used as a preservative in food additive due to its inherent anti‐bacterial properties. In this report, an electrochemical H2O2 sensor was made up of porous NiO nanostructures grown on carbon paper (CP) electrodes. The growth of porous NiO nanostructures was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies. The sensor response was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and amperometric i–t study. The developed porous NiO‐deposited CP electrode demonstrated high sensitivity (∼40.35 mA mM−1 cm−2) in the linear detection range of 10 µM–1 mM. Such a paper‐based sensing electrode also exhibited an ultra‐low detection limit (∼3.87 nM), excellent stability, and selectivity. Real‐time H2O2 detection in green tea samples was investigated using the developed sensor for practical application.
Sequestration of Reactive Orange 16 Dye by Nitrogen‐Impregnated Terminalia arjuna Seed Biochar: Insights into Kinetics, Thermodynamics, Reusability, and Phytotoxicity Assessment
Authors: Kapoor Riti Thapar , Rafatullah Mohd , Siddiqui Masoom Raza , Singh Lakhveer
Published: January 2025

The present investigation deals with feasibility to use available biomass waste, Terminalia arjuna seed as cost‐effective sorbent for reactive orange 16 (RO16) dye elimination from wastewater. The present study centers around the modification of Terminalia arjuna seed biochar (TASB) by applying one‐step synthesis procedure, by using melamine as a nitrogen doping agent and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) as chemical activator. The effectiveness of the modified nitrogen‐doped Terminalia arjuna seed biochar (ND‐TASB) as sorbent was assessed on RO16 dye removal from aqueous medium. Surface morphology of synthesized sorbent was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Modified ND‐TASB reflected enhancement in adsorption efficacy, at pH of 4, maximum removal of RO16 dye 95% was observed. By utilizing TASB and ND‐TASB as an adsorbent, elimination of RO16 dye from aqueous medium was examined under varying experimental conditions like pH, adsorbent amount, and exposure period were reported 1.5 and 1 g at 40, 60 min at pH of 4, respectively with RO 16 dye (200 mg/L concentration). Isotherm and kinetic results were appropriate with Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second‐order models. Maximum sorption efficiency of TASB was 2.51 mg g−1, whereas NB‐TASB exhibited 4.84 mg g−1, that is, 93% enhancement. Alterations in free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°), entropy (ΔS°) of adsorption process were analyzed to assess nature of adsorption phenomenon. The negative values of ΔG° confirms that adsorption phenomenon was spontaneous and feasible. Enthalpy value was −60.39 kJ mol−1 whereas ΔS° had 182.72 J K−1 for ND‐PKSB. Phytotoxicity study revealed that TASB or ND‐TASB treated RO16 dye solution enhanced pearl millet seedlings growth and biochemical variables with better growth with ND‐PKSB treated RO16 dye solution. Moreover, the regenerated adsorbents exhibited high efficiency for RO16 removal up to five consecutive cycles. These findings establish that modified ND‐TASB acts as durable, multifaceted, and recyclable environmentally benign sorbent with superior properties for its application at industrial scale.
1D Co6Mo6C‐Based Heterojunctional Nanowires from Pyrolytically “Squeezing” PMo12/ZIF‐67 Cubes for Efficient Overall Water Electrolysis
Authors: Zhang Xinhui , Wu Aiping , Wang Dongxu , Xie Ying , Gubanov Aleksandr I. , Kostin Gennadiy A. , Tian Chungui
Published: January 2025

The bi‐transition‐metal interstitial compounds (BTMICs) are promising for water electrolysis. The previous BTMICs are usually composed of irregular particles. Here, this work shows the synthesis of novel 1D Co6Mo6C‐based heterojunction nanowires (1D Co/Co6Mo6C) with diameters about 50 nm and a length‐to‐diameter ratio about 20 for efficient water electrolysis. An interesting growth process based on pyrolytically “squeezing” PMo12 (Phosphomolybdic acid)/ZIF‐67 (Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐67) cube precursor is demonstrated. The “squeezing” growth is related to the role of Mo species for isolating Co species. A series of tests and theoretical calculation show the mutual regulation of Co and Mo to optimize the electronic structure, accelerating H2O dissociation and the reduction kinetics of H+. Additionally, the nanowires provide pathways for electron transfer and the transmission of reactants. Consequently, the 1D Co/Co6Mo6C exhibits high activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (η10 of 31 mV) and oxygen evolution reaction (η10 of 210 mV) in 1 m KOH. The electrolytic cell based on 1D Co/Co6Mo6C requires a low voltage of 1.43 V to drive 10 mA cm−2. The catalyst also exhibits good HER performance in 1 m phosphate‐buffered saline solution, exceeding Pt/C at a current density >42 mA cm−2.
Polysulfide Tandem Conversion for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhilong , Gao Jianxiong , Zhang Shimeng , Wu Yu , Ren Yanlan , Lu Yongqi , Zhao Xinyu , Jin Bowen , Shao Mingfei
Published: January 2025

The electrocatalytic conversion of 16‐electron multistep polysulfides is crucial for lithium–sulfur batteries, while it is hard to achieve compatibility between intricate sulfur reduction processes and appropriate catalysts. Herein, a tandem conversion strategy is reported to boost multi‐step intermediate reactions of polysulfides transformation by designing an electrocatalyst featuring cobalt and zinc sites (Co/Zn), where the Zn serve as sites for the conversion of long‐chain lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), promoting the transformation of S8 to Li2S4; the Co sites accelerate the kinetics of the subsequent reduction of Li2S4. This tandem catalysis method not only enhances the conversion of the initial reactants but also provides additional support for the intermediates, thereby facilitating subsequent reactions to maximize capacity. Consequently, the cell utilizing this precise electrocatalyst delivers a high initial discharge‐specific capacity of 1347.5 mAh g−1 at a rate of 0.1 C, demonstrates outstanding rate performance (796.8 mAh g−1 at 3 C), and excellent cycle stability with a capacity attenuation rate of 0.086% per cycle at 3.0 C. These results offer insights into the coordinated design of electrocatalysts for sulfur cathodes based on precise catalytic sites and complex multi‐step conversion reactions.
Coupling Nitrate‐to‐Ammonia Conversion and Sulfion Oxidation Reaction Over Hierarchical Porous Spinel MFe2O4 (M═Ni, Co, Fe, Mn) in Wastewater
Authors: Ding Junyang , Zhang Lang , Wei Zongchen , Wang Zhifeng , Liu Qian , Hu Guangzhi , Luo Jun , Liu Xijun
Published: January 2025

The construction of coupled electrolysis systems utilizing renewable energy sources for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction and sulfion oxidation reactions (NO3RR and SOR), is considered a promising approach for environmental remediation, ammonia production, and sulfur recovery. Here, a simple chemical dealloying method is reported to fabricate a hierarchical porous multi‐metallic spinel MFe2O4 (M═Ni, Co, Fe, Mn) dual‐functional electrocatalysts consisting of Mn‐doped porous NiFe2O4/CoFe2O4 heterostructure networks and Ni/Co/Mn co‐doped Fe3O4 nanosheet networks. The excellent NO3RR with high NH3 Faradaic efficiency of 95.2% at ‐0.80 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs RHE) and NH3 yield rate of 608.9 µmol h−1 cm−2 at −1.60 V vs RHE, and impressive SOR performance (100 mA cm−2@0.98 V vs RHE) is achieved for MFe2O4. Key intermediates such as *NO, *NH2, and NH3 are identified in the NO3RR process by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (in situ FTIR). The MFe2O4‐assembled two‐electrode coupling system (NO3RR||SOR) shows an ultra‐low cell voltage of 1.14 V at 10 mA cm−2, much lower than the NO3RR||OER (oxygen evolution reaction, 10 mA cm−2@2.62 V), simultaneously achieving two expected targets of value‐added ammonia generation and sulfur recovery, and also demonstrating high durability of 18 h. This work also demonstrates the great potential of spinel ferrite‐based catalysts for environmental remediation.
Zeolite Imidazole Framework‐8 Exacerbates Astrocyte Activation and Oxidative Stress in the Brain of Rats
Authors: Abdi Sadaf , Shirzad Moein , Ghasemi‐Kasman Maryam , Nadalinezhad Leyla , Ghasemi Shahram , Zabihi Ebrahim , Rajabzadeh Aliakbar
Published: January 2025

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been gaining significant attention due to their potential application in medicine. Here, we investigated the effect of zeolite imidazole framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) on neuro‐behavioral parameters, histopathology, inflammation, and oxidative stress levels of rats' brain samples. Forty‐eight male Wistar rats were injected by four injections of saline or ZIF‐8 at different doses of 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg via the caudal vein. Y‐Maze, Morris‐Water Maze (MWM), and three chamber tests were conducted to explore working memory, spatial learning and memory, and social interactions, respectively. Histological staining and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate pathological changes and astrocyte activation levels. The inflammation levels were measured using quantitative real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and oxidative stress production were assessed by biochemical assays. The results showed that ZIF‐8 induces neuromotor impairment dose‐dependently. Although histopathological studies indicated increased neuronal loss, inflammatory changes, and elevated active astrocytes in the hippocampus, the expression levels of IL‐1β and TNF‐α were not significantly increased in ZIF‐8‐treated rats. The TAC level significantly reduced and the malondialdehyde (MDA) level remarkably increased in the brain tissues. Our findings suggest that administration of ZIF‐8 induce neuromotor impairment, probably through amplified inflammation and oxidative stress.
Using Storytelling to Teach Tłichǫ Language and Culture to Young Children in the Canadian Northwest Territories
Authors: Dryneck Reanna , Moosenose Janet , Antonio Jaimyka , McDonald Erica , Stagg Peterson Shelley
Published: January 2025

Reanna, Janet, and Jaimyka are early childhood educators who are recent graduates of the Early Learning and Child Care (ELCC) Diploma program in Aurora College in the Northwest Territories of Canada. They used storytelling and related follow‐up activities to teach their Indigenous language, Tłichǫ, in their early childhood field placements in daycares and a kindergarten classroom. They describe their storytelling experiences and then they, their instructor, Erica, and a university researcher who supports collaborative action research with northern educators, Shelley, reflect on what we have all learned from this experience. We begin by introducing Reanna, Janet and Jaimyka.
Serum Pentosidine in Relation to Obesity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Healthy Controls
Authors: Baumann Sandra , Sewing Lilian , Traechslin Cyril , Verhagen-Kamerbeek Wilma , Grize Leticia , Kraenzlin Marius , Meier Christian
Published: January 2025

Pentosidine (PEN), a surrogate marker of advanced glycation end-product formation, reflects increased non-enzymatic cross-linking in bone collagen, which is thought to be an important determinant of bone fragility in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to investigate serum concentrations of PEN in patients with T2DM and controls without T2DM and to examine its relationship with bone parameters and metabolic state such as glycaemic control, insulin resistance and body weight. In a cross-sectional study-design, data from postmenopausal women and men with T2DM (n = 110) and controls without T2DM (n = 111) were evaluated. Serum PEN was measured using an ELISA-based assay (CSB-E09415h, Cusabio). In addition, biochemical markers of glucose metabolism and bone turnover markers were measured. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. After adjustment for age, gender and body mass index (BMI), serum PEN was significantly higher in patients with T2DM compared to controls (p = 0.02) and most prominently in women with T2DM (p = 0.09). We found a strong association of serum PEN concentrations with BMI in the entire study population (R = 0.43, p < 0.001) as well as in patients with T2DM (R = 0.28, p < 0.01). While bone turnover markers were significantly decreased, and BMD increased in patients with T2DM, only weak or no associations were observed between these skeletal surrogate markers and serum PEN. We conclude that serum PEN is strongly associated with BMI with highest levels in obese women with T2DM. Adjustment for patient’s weight is needed when evaluating serum PEN levels in patients with T2DM.

Clinical Trial Information: NCT02551315.
Joint EANM/EANO/RANO/SNMMI practice guideline/procedure standard for PET imaging of brain metastases: version 1.0
Authors: Verger Antoine , Tolboom Nelleke , Cicone Francesco , Chang Susan M. , Furtner Julia , Galldiks Norbert , Gempt Jens , Guedj Eric , Huang Raymond Y. , Johnson Derek R. , Law Ian , Le Rhun Emilie , Short Susan C. , Bent M. J. Van den , Weehaeghe Donatienne Van , Vogelbaum Michael A. , Wen Patrick Y. , Albert Nathalie L. , Preusser Matthias
Published: January 2025

This joint practice guideline/procedure standard was collaboratively developed by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM), the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI), the European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO), and the PET task force of the Response Assessment in Neurooncology Working Group (PET/RANO). Brain metastases are the most common malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors. PET imaging with radiolabeled amino acids and to lesser extent [18F]FDG has gained considerable importance in the assessment of brain metastases, especially for the differential diagnosis between recurrent metastases and treatment-related changes which remains a limitation using conventional MRI. The aim of this guideline is to assist nuclear medicine physicians in recommending, performing, interpreting and reporting the results of brain PET imaging in patients with brain metastases. This practice guideline will define procedure standards for the application of PET imaging in patients with brain metastases in routine practice and clinical trials and will help to harmonize data acquisition and interpretation across centers.
Extended particle streak velocimetry (E-PSV) for a comprehensive view of film flows
Authors: Sold Sebastian , Rädle Matthias , Repke Jens-Uwe
Published: January 2025

Extended particle streak velocimetry (E-PSV) is a novel approach for comprehensive 2D flow measurement. It extends the measuring range of particle streak velocimetry (PSV) via particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). By using long camera exposure when recording moving tracer particles, streaks are created in areas of high flow velocities (PSV). In areas of low velocity, in contrast, particles are imaged point-shaped (PTV). E-PSV hereby offers the advantage of continuous measurement with PSV-typical setups, particularly when areas close to the wall and vortices require to be recorded simultaneously with areas of high velocity. For precise extraction of the flow information, a new model for the description of particle images is presented. It is based on the assumption that the intensity of a tracer can be modeled by a 2D Gaussian function. The temporal integral of the moving Gaussian is approximated by combining analytical calculation with values from a lookup table. We show that by this method even curved streaks can be reconstructed with subpixel accuracy under noise and quantization effects. The technique is demonstrated using a film flow in vicinity of a microstructure.
Differences in phenological term changes in field crops and wild plants – do they have the same response to climate change in Central Europe?
Authors: Bartošová L , Hájková L , Pohanková E , Možný M , Balek J , Zahradníček P , Štěpánek P , Dížková P , Trnka M , Žalud Z
Published: January 2025

Phenological shifts in wild-growing plants and wild animal phenophases are well documented at many European sites. Less is known about phenological shifts in agricultural plants and how wild ecosystem phenology interacts with crop phenology. Here, we present long-term phenological observations (1961–2021) from the Czech Republic for wild plants and agricultural crops and how the timing of phenophases differs from each other. The phenology of wild-growing plants was observed at various experimental sites with no agriculture or forestry management within the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute observations. The phenological data of the crops were collected from small experimental plots at the Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture. The data clearly show a tendency to shift to earlier times during the observation period. The data also show some asynchrony in phenological shifts. Compared with wild plants, agricultural crops showed more expressive shifts to the start of the season. Phenological trends for crop plants (Triticum aestivum) showed accelerated shifts of 4.1 and 5.1 days per decade at low and middle altitudes, respectively; on the other hand, the average phenological shift for wild plants showed smaller shifts of 2.7 and 2.9 days per decade at low and middle altitudes, respectively. The phenophase ´heading´ of T. aestivum showed the highest correlation with maximum temperatures (r = 0.9), followed by wild species (with r = 0.7–0.8) and two remaining phenophases of T. aestivum jointing and ripening (with r = 0.7 and 0.6). To better understand the impacts of climate on phenological changes, it is optimal to evaluate natural and unaffected plant responses in wild species since the phenology of field crops is most probably influenced not only by climate but also by agricultural management.
Clinical applications of 3D printing in spine surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Hajnal Benjamin , Pokorni Agoston Jakab , Turbucz Mate , Bereczki Ferenc , Bartos Marton , Lazary Aron , Eltes Peter Endre
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The objective of this systematic review is to present a comprehensive summary of existing research on the use of 3D printing in spinal surgery.

Methods

The researchers conducted a thorough search of four digital databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase) to identify relevant studies published between January 1999 and December 2022. The review focused on various aspects, including the types of objects printed, clinical applications, clinical outcomes, time and cost considerations, 3D printing materials, location of 3D printing, and technologies utilized. Out of the 1620 studies initially identified and the 17 added by manual search, 105 met the inclusion criteria for this review, collectively involving 2088 patients whose surgeries involved 3D printed objects.

Results

The studies presented a variety of 3D printed devices, such as anatomical models, intraoperative navigational templates, and customized implants. The most widely used type of objects are drill guides (53%) and anatomical models (25%) which can also be used for simulating the surgery. Custom made implants are much less frequently used (16% of papers). These devices significantly improved clinical outcomes, particularly enhancing the accuracy of pedicle screw placement. Most studies (88%) reported reduced operation times, although two noted longer times due to procedural complexities. A variety of 3DP technologies and materials were used, with STL, FDM, and SLS common for models and guides, and titanium for implants via EBM, SLM, and DMLS. Materialise software (Mimics, 3-Matic, Magics) was frequently utilized. While most studies mentioned outsourced production, in-house printing was implied in several cases, indicating a trend towards localized 3D printing in spine surgery.

Conclusions

3D printing in spine surgery, a rapidly growing area of research, is predominantly used for creating drill guides for screw insertion, anatomical models, and innovative implants, enhancing clinical outcomes and reducing operative time. While cost-efficiency remains uncertain due to insufficient data, some 3D printing applications, like pedicle screw drill guides, are already widely accepted and routinely used in hospitals.
Autonomy and Vulnerability: Elements of a Phenomenology of Reflection and Reason
Authors: Melichar Hannes Gustav
Published: January 2025

Large parts of the Western philosophical tradition, powerful in Kant’s transcendental conception, have reserved the concept of autonomy for rational subjects that think and act on reasons. While this captures an essential aspect of autonomy, the dimensions of embodiment and vulnerability remain unreflected or are subsumed under the heteronomous conditions of the human subject. If the conception of autonomy, though, doesn’t start with the concept of a rational subject but from the perspective of living beings, autonomy and vulnerability seem intrinsically connected, as Jonas’ (1973; 1997) concept of “needful freedom” suggests. This article argues for a deep connection between human autonomy and vulnerability. Methodologically, the argument follows the life-mind-continuity thesis (Thompson, 2007) and lays out the embodied account of autonomy that enactivism offers. Two crucial moments are: 1. The organism can distance itself from the environment. 2. This enables it to establish its own norms. However, the norms of bodily self-regulation also render the organism vulnerable. This conception, though, needs specification for capturing human autonomy. As enactivists like E. Thompson assume, phenomenology is essential to theorizing about human autonomy. I will develop a phenomenological concept of autonomy starting from three notions of selfhood (Zahavi, 2008) and arguing for a central role of the reflective self for human autonomy. Reflection grounds both moments of autonomy: Self-distancing and the possibility of taking a stance by relying on reasons. In the phenomenological sense, autonomy is thus the ability to respond to reasons for which reflection is necessary. However, this ability is bound to a particular form of vulnerability that manifests in some psychopathologies. This vulnerability will be shown in conclusion by Blankenburg’s reflections on the role of autonomy in mental diseases.
Mindfulness, Self-compassion, and Psychological Wellbeing as Correlates of Paternal Bonding in Pregnancy
Authors: de Waal Noor , Nyklíček Ivan , van der Gucht Katleen , Pop Victor J. M. , Boekhorst Myrthe G. B. M.
Published: January 2025

Parental bonding is defined as the affectionate tie a parent feels towards their infant. These feelings generally arise prenatally and increase in intensity over the course of pregnancy, both in mothers and in fathers. Bonding is fundamental for positive parenting behaviors and optimal child development. Few quantitative studies systematically examined what factors contribute to optimal bonding in fathers during pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to examine whether a variety of risk factors (symptoms of depression and anxiety, stress, and repetitive negative thinking) and resilience factors (self-compassion and trait mindfulness facets) were associated with prenatal paternal bonding and to explore potential mechanisms. In total, 66 expectant fathers with an average age of 33.7 years completed online questionnaires during the second or third trimester of pregnancy to assess the variables of interest. Analyses demonstrated that more symptoms of depression and anxiety and elevated levels of stress were associated with poorer bonding. In addition, less repetitive negative thinking, and more self-compassion and non-judging of inner experience were indirectly related to higher levels of paternal bonding through lower levels of stress. Findings suggest that expectant fathers who suffer from psychological distress, have more repetitive, negative, or intrusive thoughts, and tend to be more judgmental and self-critical may be at risk for suboptimal prenatal bonding. Providing adequate support for fathers at risk, perhaps in the form of mindfulness-based interventions, may be essential in order to cope with the challenges of new fatherhood and facilitate the process of bonding with the unborn child.
Nano zirconium hydroxide gel as a sorbent material for 99Mo/99mTc radioisotope generator
Authors: Ramadan H. E. , El-Amir M. A. , Mostafa M.
Published: January 2025

Sorption of Mo(VI) from aqueous solutions onto nano zirconium hydroxide gels was studied using 99Mo radiotracer. The acid–base titration curves showed that the prepared nano Zr(OH)4 gels, Gel #1 and Gel #2, were amphoteric materials with points of zero charge (PZC’s) at pH 2.8 and 3.3, respectively. The highest distribution coefficients of molybdate(VI)-99Mo between both gels (Gel #1 and Gel #2) and Cl− media were achieved at pH 2. The maximum sorption capacities of Gel #1 and Gel #2 were found to be 165.7 ± 7.5 and 195.4 ± 8.1 mg Mo/g, respectively. The prepared 99Mo/99mTc chromatographic column generator based on Gel #2 (achieving the higher Mo capacity) showed a good performance; the 99mTc elution yield was 82.7 ± 2.0%, pH of the eluate ranged from 5 to 6.8, and 99Mo breakthrough in the eluted 99mTc was 0.005 ± 0.002% with a radiochemical purity of 97.3 ± 0.9% (as 99mTcO4
−).
Radium and barium sorption and precipitation on crystalline rock; experimental results and modeling development
Authors: Fabritius Otto , Li Xiaodong , Sorokina Tatiana , Jakobsson Anna-Maria , Sojakka Tiina , Siitari-Kauppi Marja
Published: January 2025

The sorption and precipitation of Ra and Ba on crystalline rock was studied with batch sorption and precipitation experiments, and geochemical modeling. Following the precipitation experiments, (Ba,Ra)SO4 experimental partition coefficient (λ) and RaSO4(s) solubility constant values were obtained. It was observed that especially in groundwaters of low overall salinity, and/or of high SO4 and Ba content, Ra is strongly removed from the solution to both coprecipitation and sorption. A new geochemical model was developed which successfully interprets the experimental results. The precipitates of BaSO4(s) were directly observed with the rock minerals with a SEM/EDX analysis.
Effective theory building and manifold learning
Authors: Freeborn David Peter Wallis
Published: January 2025

Manifold learning and effective model building are generally viewed as fundamentally different types of procedure. After all, in one we build a simplified model of the data, in the other, we construct a simplified model of the another model. Nonetheless, I argue that certain kinds of high-dimensional effective model building, and effective field theory construction in quantum field theory, can be viewed as special cases of manifold learning. I argue that this helps to shed light on all of these techniques. First, it suggests that the effective model building procedure depends upon a certain kind of algorithmic compressibility requirement. All three approaches assume that real-world systems exhibit certain redundancies, due to regularities. The use of these regularities to build simplified models is essential for scientific progress in many different domains.
How to detect fraud in an audit: a systematic review of experimental literature
Authors: Tümmler Marcel , Quick Reiner
Published: January 2025

This paper reviews the experimental literature on fraud detection by external auditors. We conduct a systematic literature review that includes 37 experimental studies on fraud detection from the JSTOR, EBSCO, and WoS (Web of Science) databases and from SSRN. We present a theoretical background on fraud models and common fraud detection methods. Our review covers results of studies on fraud brainstorming and fraud risk assessment, on fraud detection from interviews, inquiries, text, and speech. We also reveal the outcome of studies focusing on the effect of attention, accountability, and the evaluation of audit evidence on fraud detection. These studies show that interventions like priming, and additional instructions on fraud consideration or game-like elements enhance auditor awareness of fraud cues, thus improving brainstorming, risk assessment, and the evaluation of audit evidence. Finally, the paper considers the limitations and criticisms of the presented studies, and future research avenues in fraud detection.
Application of the Weyl Calculus Perspective on Discrete Octonionic Analysis in Bounded Domains
Authors: Kraußhar Rolf Sören , Legatiuk Anastasiia , Legatiuk Dmitrii
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we extend the discrete octonionic analysis by presenting a Weyl calculus-based approach to bounded domains in

$${\mathbb {R}}^{8}$$

R

8

. In particular, we explicitly prove the discrete Stokes formula for a bounded cuboid, and then we generalise this result to arbitrary bounded domains in interior and exterior settings by the help of characteristic functions. After that, discrete interior and exterior Borel-Pompeiu and Cauchy formulae are introduced. Finally, we recall the construction of discrete octonionic Hardy spaces for bounded domains. Moreover, we explicitly explain where the non-associativity of octonionic multiplication is essential and where it is not. Consequently, the results presented in this paper provide tools to address boundary value problems in bounded domains.
Transcatheter Caval Implantation for Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation
Authors: Chen Vincent , Abdul-Jawad Altisent Omar , Puri Rishi
Published: January 2025

Purpose of Review

We describe the evolution of caval valve implantation (CAVI) as a treatment for severe symptomatic tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in the high surgical risk patient.

Recent Findings

Surgical treatment of severe TR is often limited by the high surgical risk of the patients who tend to develop severe secondary TR. Coaptation, annuloplasty, and orthotopic replacement strategies are all limited by annular and leaflet geometry, prior valve repair, and the presence of cardiac implantable device leads. CAVI appears to be a treatment strategy for severe symptomatic TR that improves functional capacity and quality of life while also reducing edema and ascites and improving cardiac output. Chronic kidney disease is a common comorbidity of patients with severe TR; zero-contrast CAVI has been described.

Severe TR is undertreated, yet common in the elderly structural heart disease population. The evolution of CAVI as a viable treatment for severe TR underscores the deleterious systemic contribution of backwards flow to morbidity and mortality. There are good safety and efficacy outcomes from registry data using the TricValve platform. Randomized controlled trials for CAVI versus medical therapy for severe TR are ongoing.
Performance of Convolutional Neural Network Models in Meningioma Segmentation in Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Ting-Wei , Hong Jia-Sheng , Lee Wei-Kai , Lin Yi-Hui , Yang Huai-Che , Lee Cheng-Chia , Chen Hung-Chieh , Wu Hsiu-Mei , You Weir Chiang , Wu Yu-Te
Published: January 2025

Background

Meningioma, the most common primary brain tumor, presents significant challenges in MRI-based diagnosis and treatment planning due to its diverse manifestations. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have shown promise in improving the accuracy and efficiency of meningioma segmentation from MRI scans. This systematic review and meta-analysis assess the effectiveness of CNN models in segmenting meningioma using MRI.

Methods

Following the PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from their inception to December 20, 2023, to identify studies that used CNN models for meningioma segmentation in MRI. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the CLAIM and QUADAS-2 tools. The primary variable was segmentation accuracy, which was evaluated using the Sørensen–Dice coefficient. Meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression were performed to investigate the effects of MRI sequence, CNN architecture, and training dataset size on model performance.

Results

Nine studies, comprising 4,828 patients, were included in the analysis. The pooled Dice score across all studies was 89% (95% CI: 87–90%). Internal validation studies yielded a pooled Dice score of 88% (95% CI: 85–91%), while external validation studies reported a pooled Dice score of 89% (95% CI: 88–90%). Models trained on multiple MRI sequences consistently outperformed those trained on single sequences. Meta-regression indicated that training dataset size did not significantly influence segmentation accuracy.

Conclusion

CNN models are highly effective for meningioma segmentation in MRI, particularly during the use of diverse datasets from multiple MRI sequences. This finding highlights the importance of data quality and imaging sequence selection in the development of CNN models. Standardization of MRI data acquisition and preprocessing may improve the performance of CNN models, thereby facilitating their clinical adoption for the optimal diagnosis and treatment of meningioma.
Investigating the relationship between impulsive behaviors and Turkish pedestrians’ attitudes based on sociodemographic factors
Authors: Aktaşª Alev , Sümer Edanur , Çiçek Narin
Published: January 2025

Pedestrian attitude is an important issue in road safety. In order to understand pedestrian attitudes, it is necessary to study their sociodemographic and psychological characteristics. With respect to this, the aim of the study was to examine age and sex differences in impulsive behavior and the role of impulsive behavior on pedestrian attitudes in Türkiye. A total of 347 Turkish pedestrians (145 male, 202 female) completed the Pedestrian Attitude Questionnaire (PAQ), the Urgency Premeditation Perseverance Sensation Seeking (UPPS) Impulsive Behavior Scale, and a Questionnaire Form. First, the psychometric structure of the PAQ was found to support the original structure, addressing attitudes towards other road users and attitudes towards traffic rules. With increasing age, negative attitudes towards traffic rules decreased. Female pedestrians also showed more negative attitudes towards other road users. The results of hierarchical regression analyses indicate that impulsive behavior is significantly associated with pedestrian attitudes depending on sociodemographic factors. The findings suggest that pedestrians’ impulsive behavior may influence their attitudes in traffic, but this influence varies by age and sex. The outcomes have important implications for intervention studies and road safety.
Inertial Halpern-type Tseng’s method for approximating a solution to monotone inclusion problems with fixed point constraint
Authors: Ogwo Grace Nnennaya , Zinsou Bertin , Abass Hammed Anuoluwapo , Oyewole Olawale Kazeem
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we introduce an iterative method for approximating the common solution of a finite family of monotone inclusion problems and fixed point problem of a finite family of relatively nonexpansive mappings in reflexive Banach spaces. Our proposed method contains the inertial technique and the Halpern method. We obtain a strong convergence result without the prior knowledge of the Lipschitz constants of the mappings. Finally, we present some numerical experiments to demonstrate the applicability of our method. Several existing results in the literature are improved, extended, and generalized by our result.
Comparative Analysis of GloSea6 Hindcasts for Two Extreme El Niño Events and Their Impact on Indo-Western North Pacific Climate
Authors: Hyun Seung-Hwon , Hwang Seung-On , Liu Chao , An Soon-Il , Hyun Yu-Kyung
Published: January 2025

In this study, GloSea6 hindcast (HCST) from the UK Met Office is used to investigate the model prediction skill for the impacts on the East Asian summer associated with two extreme El Niño cases (1997/1998 and 2015/2016). For the 1998 case, we found that GloSea6 model is able to predict the ocean–atmosphere circulations one to two seasons ahead, including the anomalously positive sea surface temperature (SST) in the Tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) and the anomalous anticyclone (AAC) in the Western North Pacific during the spring and summer seasons. However, for the 2016 case it fails to capture the observed fast cooling of the spring TIO SST and the rapid decaying of the summer AAC, due to an overestimated linkage between the summer TIO and the precedent winter El Niño. Physically, the exaggerated model SST warming over both the eastern and western Indian Ocean suppresses the development of the surface westerly wind that enhances the summer monsoon flow in the TIO and cools the warmed SST as in the real world. According to further analysis, the sensitivity of the TIO is linked to the formation of the spring AAC, which is influenced by the longitudinal position of warm Pacific SST, causing the HCST to display a more idealized El Niño-TIO-AAC teleconnection than the observations. Thus, simulating the decaying El Niño and its teleconnection to the TIO is crucial for reliable seasonal forecasts of East Asian climate during post-El Niño summers.
Highly Efficient Gravity Data Inversion Using the TG-GPSO Algorithm: Applications in Volcanic Activity and Geothermal Exploration Studies
Authors: Elhussein Mahmoud , Diab Zein E.
Published: January 2025

A technique for interpreting gravity data from various subsurface structures such as vertical and horizontal cylinders and spheres, is described. This technique employs the global particle swarm optimization (GPSO) algorithm on the calculated total gradient data. The primary advantage of utilizing the total gradient is that it can minimize interference from nearby sources by differentiating directional signals along both the x- and z- axes, thus reducing potential disruptive effects. This proposed approach is highly effective in geothermal investigations as it identifies various structural parameters: amplitude coefficient (Ac), depth (h), shape factor (Sf), body parameter (m), and body origin (l). Additionally, this method can estimate multi-source variables. To validate the effectiveness and versatility of this method, we applied it to reverse gravity data across five distinct scenarios. Additionally, we assessed its performance against the direct application of GPSO on raw data in two synthetic cases to highlight its advantages. This assessment was conducted under conditions of both consistent and fluctuating Gaussian noise at levels of 10% and 15%, along with two real geothermal field examples from Japan and India. The method's accuracy, and effectiveness in eliminating local background noise are showcased by the outcomes obtained from both artificial and actual data, all achieved without needing prior information about the body's shape. Importantly, the outcomes obtained from the real data closely align with those acquired using established methods, affirming the validity of this approach.
Investigation of the Change in Mechanical Properties of Concrete Subjected After High-Temperature Effect to Cyclic Lateral Load
Authors: Çolakoğlu Halit Erdem , Hüsem Metin
Published: January 2025

The main cause of many physical and chemical events in the world is shown as high temperature. When concrete used as a building material is exposed to high temperatures, its physical and mechanical properties change. The aim of this study is to investigate the change in compressive strength of normal strength concrete exposed to different temperatures for different periods of time when subjected to cyclic loading. For this purpose, 13 reinforced concrete frame specimens and 39 standard cylinder specimens were produced and exposed to 200, 400, 600 and 800 °C high temperatures for 60, 120 and 180 min. Then, the frame test members were allowed to cool on their own and when they reached room temperature, they were removed from the oven and tested under cyclic load. At the end of the cyclic loading tests, 26 concrete core samples were taken from the frame test members and compressive strengths were determined. As a result of the study, it was determined that thermal cracks in normal concrete caused by heat treatment lead to physical and mechanical changes, and these changes are effective in the decrease in strength. In the study, it was found that the decrease in compressive strength was more than 78% in concretes exposed to cyclic lateral loads after high-temperature effect. A comparison of the experimental strength loss curves of concrete with the design curves in the literature was also made.
A clinical audit of adverse post-nephrectomy outcomes in renal cell carcinoma patients at a tertiary hospital in Queensland, Australia
Authors: de Souza Julia Chequer , Vangaveti Venkat , Biros Erik , Mallett Andrew J.
Published: January 2025

Background

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common malignancy, and nephrectomy is the mainstay of treatment for non-metastatic disease. The choice of surgery depends on the risks of oncologic recurrence, kidney function decline, and perioperative complications. This study aimed to identify factors associated with adverse post-operative outcomes in RCC patients undergoing nephrectomy at Townsville University Hospital (TUH).

Methods

This was a retrospective, quality assessment study of all adult patients undergoing either open or laparoscopic, partial, or radical nephrectomy for suspected RCC at TUH between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2020. Patients were identified from the Queensland Health Admitted Data Collection, with a median follow-up time of 39 months post-operatively.

Results

Sixty patients were included; 71.7% underwent radical nephrectomy, and 63.3% were treated with a laparoscopic approach. Adverse kidney function outcomes were identified in 76.7% of patients. In the first 30 days post-nephrectomy, the reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the radical nephrectomy group was more than double that in the partial nephrectomy group (p < 0.001). The rise in average serum creatinine post-radical nephrectomy was more than six times that post-partial nephrectomy (p = 0.001). This discrepancy in kidney function persisted up to three years post-operatively. No significant differences in RCC recurrence, post-operative cardiovascular events, or mortality were observed between partial nephrectomy and radical nephrectomy (p = 0.665, p = 1.00, p = 0.420).

Conclusions

The balance strongly favours partial nephrectomy despite its underutilisation for patients undergoing nephrectomy for suspected non-metastatic RCC at TUH. Urology teams should weigh the factors favouring radical nephrectomy against the risks of nearly universal renal function decline in this group.

Graphical abstract
We Need Deep Theories of Virtues: Four Principles for Advancing Research on Virtues in Positive Social Science
Authors: Bright David S. , Stansbury Jason M. , Winn Bradley A.
Published: January 2025

This article aims to help Positive Social Science (PSS) researchers develop theories of virtues, whether of single, discrete virtues, or several virtues considered together. We argue that a weak virtue theory assumes a virtue consists of single constructs, whereas a deep virtue theory assumes a virtue is an integrated system of constructs. We briefly review indicators of weak theory in the PSS literature: definitional divergence, valence confusion, and conceptual incommensurability. Drawing from the field of Virtue Ethics, we suggest four essential attributes of a virtue that should guide the development of deep virtue theory. Any virtue is (1) holistic, in that it integrates all aspects of character, including cognition, affect, and behavior; (2) a human good, in that it is an intrinsic aspect of individual well-being and a flourishing community; (3) situationally expressed, such that prudence regulates its enactment across various situations; and (4) characteristic, in that it is a second-nature trait rather than a state. We suggest four principles that account for these attributes. Scholars might use these principles to build deep virtue theory and evaluate existing, empirically based PSS virtue theories. We propose that PSS scholars will create more robust theories, develop more defensible and meaningful measures, and generate more compelling accounts of specific virtues if they draw on these principles.