bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Four Types of Interrogative Sentences in Chinese and Arabic Language (A Grammatical Study) Grammar
Authors: Yibing Ding , Mohammad Seman Haji , Mei Suo Yan
Published: February 2024

An interrogative sentence is a common sentence used in daily life and communication. The main purpose of an interrogative sentence is to ask questions that the inquirer does not yet know and expects to be answered. There are many types of interrogative sentences in Chinese, mainly categorized into four types, namely general interrogative sentences, special interrogative sentences, selective interrogative sentences, and repeated interrogative sentences. While each type of interrogative sentence has its unique grammatical form and way of answering, there exist similarities among them. Question marks should be added at the end of interrogative sentences, and the tone at the end of the sentence should also go high in pitch. The topic of Arabic and Chinese interrogative sentences has been discussed and studied by many linguistic experts and researchers with many rare research results achieved. Based on previous articles on interrogative sentences, as well as the researchers’ in-depth study of Arabic and Chinese interrogative sentences, but there are very few comparative studies on Chinese and Arabic interrogative sentences. Therefore, to analyze and compare interrogative sentences in these two different languages more comprehensively, researchers will summarize, compare and analyze interrogative sentences in Chinese and Arabic. This paper first adopts a descriptive method to collect information and articles about Chinese and Arabic interrogative sentences, thus laying the quantitative foundation for the research content. The information collected in this article is mainly from grammar textbooks and books written by prominent linguists in Chinese and Arabic, journals published by linguists and researchers, and doctoral and master's theses. The paper then studies various types of interrogative sentences in Chinese and Arabic as the focus, with special attention paid to the similarities and differences presented by the two languages. Keywords: Arabic interrogative sentence, Chinese interrogative sentence, interrogative tool, comparative interrogative sentence, question type.
ظاهرة إتلاف الكتب الإسلامية في الحضارة الإسلامية The Phenomenon of Destruction of Islamic Books in the Islamic Civilization
Authors: Hammad Hamza Abed Alkarim , Ali Abdul Karim
Published: February 2024

The Islamic civilization took a great interest in science and knowledge, including books that were vessels of knowledge from generation to generation, and this interest has appeared in many examples throughout history, but this interest was accompanied by deliberate destruction of Islamic books; so this research, which aims to identify the phenomenon of destruction of Islamic books in the Islamic civilization through the analysis of there was a deliberate destruction of books in the Islamic civilization, and attributed Researchers attribute this damage to: subjective, doctrinal and scientific reasons.
Lamia Rustum Shehadeh (2007). The Idea of Women in Fundamentalist Islam. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. 321 Halaman. [ISBN 978-0-8130-3211-5]
Authors: @Khair Nur Saadah Hamisan
Published: February 2024

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Transketolase deficiency in adipose tissues protects mice from diet-induced obesity by promoting lipolysis
Authors: Admin Ada , Tian Na , Liu Qi , Li Yakui , Tong Lingfeng , Lu Ying , Zhu Yemin , Zhang Ping , Chen Hanbei , Hu Lei , Meng Jian , Feng Ming , Li Minle , Zheng Liang , Li Bin , Xu Tianle , Wu Lifang , Tong Xuemei
Published: February 2024

Obesity has recently become a prevalent health threat worldwide.
Although emerging evidence has suggested a strong link between the pentose
phosphate pathway (PPP) and obesity, the role of transketolase (TKT), an enzyme
in the non-oxidative branch of the PPP which connects PPP and glycolysis,
remains obscure in adipose tissues. In this study, we specifically delete TKT
in mouse adipocytes and find no obvious phenotype upon normal diet feeding.
However, adipocyte TKT abrogation attenuates high fat diet (HFD)-induced
obesity, reduces hepatic steatosis, improves glucose tolerance, alleviates
insulin resistance and increases energy expenditure. Mechanistically, TKT
deficiency accumulates non-oxidative PPP metabolites, decreases glycolysis and
pyruvate input into the mitochondria, leading to increased lipolytic enzyme
gene expression and enhanced lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial
respiration. Therefore, our data not only identify a novel role of TKT in
regulating lipolysis and obesity, but also suggest limiting glucose-derived
carbon into the mitochondria induces lipid catabolism and energy expenditure.
Incremental Dental Expenditures Associated With Diabetes Among Noninstitutionalized U.S. Adults Aged ≥18 Years Old in 2016–2017
Authors: Chen Yu , Zhang Ping , Luman Elizabeth T. , Griffin Susan O. , Rolka Deborah B.
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVE

Diabetes is associated with poor oral
health, but incremental expenditures for dental care associated with diabetes in
the U.S. are unknown. We aimed to quantify these incremental expenditures per
person and for the nation.

RESEARCH
DESIGN AND METHODS

We analyzed data from 46,633
non-institutionalized adults aged ≥18 years old who participated in the 2016–2017
Medical Expenditures Panel Survey. We used two-part models to estimate dental expenditures
per person in total, by payment source, and by dental service type, controlling
for sociodemographic characteristics, health status, and geographic variables. Incremental
expenditure was the difference in predicted expenditure for dental care between
adults with and without diabetes. The total expenditure for the US was the expenditure
per person multiplied by the estimated number of people with diabetes. Expenditures
were adjusted to 2017 US dollars.

RESULTS

The mean adjusted annual diabetes-associated
incremental dental expenditure was $77 per person and $1.9 billion for the
nation. Fifty-one percent ($40) and 39% ($30) of this incremental expenditure were
paid out-of-pocket and by private insurance; 69% ($53) of the incremental expenditure
was for restorative/prosthetic/surgical services; and adults with diabetes had
lower expenditure for preventive services than those without (incremental -$7).
Incremental expenditures were higher in older adults, non-Hispanic whites, and people
with higher levels of income and education.

CONCLUSIONS

Diabetes is associated with higher dental expenditures.
These results fill a gap in the estimates of total medical expenditures associated
with diabetes in the US and highlight the importance of preventive dental care
among people with diabetes.
Inhibition of Snake Venom Serine Proteases Activities by Specific Antibody
Authors: Andrade Sonia A
Published: February 2024

According to the World Health Organization, snake envenomation is a major neglected public health problem. In addition to deaths, these accidents cause other severe disabilities, such as amputations. Annually, around 2 million people worldwide are affected by snakebite, with Africa, Asia, and Latin America being the regions most affected. Snakes of the Bothrops genus are the main cause of snakebite accidents in Latin America. Serine proteases (SVSPs) are one of the main protein families that have been implicated in the alterations of the human hemostasis, which causes a tendency to increase thrombotic and hemorrhagic processes. Part of SVSPs, are thrombin-like enzymes (TLEs), which recognize and cleave human fibrinogen, but usually only releasing fibrinopeptide A or B and do not act on the coagulation Factor XIII. Consequently, these toxins contribute to coagulopathy by fibrinogen consumption, one of the major systemic hemostatic disturbances, frequently observed in snakebite victims. The bothropic antivenom is effective in reversing most of the systemic effects of envenomation when administered early in an adequate therapeutic dose. However, studies have demonstrated that, in some cases, antivenoms do not completely neutralize the action of SVSPs, which are co-responsible for systemic and local effects, such as coagulopathy and hemorrhage. In this context, a better understanding of SVSPs’ role in coagulopathy caused by envenomation, and developing new strategies to inhibit these toxins are important. To achieve this, we aimed in the current work to isolate an enriched pool of SVSPs from Bothrops jararaca and Bothrops atrox, to better understand the SVSPs’ interaction with murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) anti-SVSPs.
Methylcobalamin Acts as a Synergistic Effector of Cadmium Chloride (Cdcl2) and Enhances Cadmium Induced Stress in Human A549 Cells through Methylation of MT2A Promoter
Authors: Sarkar Angshuman
Published: February 2024

Methylcobalamin (MeB12) a vitamin B12 analogue is used in the treatment of several neurological disorders was used in this study to check for its role in cadmium toxicity. Cadmium is a highly toxic heavy metal can cause considerable damage to airway epithelium which can lead to many pulmonary disorders and even lung cancer. Human A549 cells were grown in medium supplemented with MeB12 for 48 hours, followed by 24 hours exposure to increasing concentrations of CdCl2 . MeB12 enhanced cadmium induced cells death. Isobolographic analysis revealed a synergistic effect of these two compounds. Studies on the revealed while MT1A promoter is already heavily methylated in A549 cell line, MT2A appeared to be methylated only in the presence of CdCl2 and MeB12. Our results suggest that the epigenetic modification of MT2A gene may be one of the contributing factors towards the enhanced cadmium sensitivity in A549 cells in the presence of MeB12.
Thyroglossal Cyst in Adolescent: Managed with Modified Sistrunk Operation
Authors: Goyal Pankaj
Published: February 2024

One kind of congenital entity that results from inadequate closure of the thyroglossal duct is the thyroglossal duct cyst (TDC). It has clinical symptoms at any age and frequently needs to be surgically removed in addition to being a dormant embryological remnant. The infrahyoid area is home to the majority of them. Adult thyroglossal duct cysts (TDCs) are an uncommon disorder. In this case, we were reporting on a thirty-two-year-old female patient who had a thyroglossal cyst that was surgically excised using a modified version of the Sistrunk technique. Fifteen months was the median follow-up period, with no problems. Adult patients with this clinical condition require a high degree of skepticism from surgeons.
Sunny City - Arkadag
Authors: AM Penjiyev
Published: February 2024

The article obtained systematized, scientifically substantiated gross, technical, economic and environmental energy resource potentials from the introduction and use of solar energy technologies. The technical, economic, and environmental priorities of power plants were assessed in terms of energy efficiency , fuel economy, and the impact on the environment per square meter from conversion to thermal and electrical energy in the city of Arkadag. Empirical formulas have been obtained for the implementation of solar energy technological structures and the preparation of design and estimate documentation.
Preklad v textoch, súvislostiach a vzťahoch
Authors: Liashuk Viktoria
Published: February 2024

o vedeckej monografii sú prezentované výsledky dlhoročných skúseností autorky vo výskume a preklade umeleckých a odborných textov rozličných žánrov v rôznych slovanských jazykoch – v slovenčine, ruštine, bieloruštine. Do translatologického výskumu je zahrnutá, aj poľština. Obsahovo sa monografia zameriava na otázky súvzťažnosti prekladu, prekladateľa a prekladaného autora, prekladu slov - obrazov, vzťahu prekladaného diela a kultúrneho/kultúrnospoločenského kontextu, na súvislosti prekladu, redigovania a štylistiky. Jednotlivé podkapitoly sú napísané v slovenčine, ruštine a bieloruštine.
Urbanization in Algeria, the case of small towns: Azzaba, El Harrouche and Collo
Authors: Hebhoub Nawel , Lekehal Abdelouhab
Published: February 2024

Algeria has experienced rapid urban growth. Since independence to the present day, the rhythm of this growth has varied from place to place and from time to time, creating an unbalanced urban structure. In an attempt to reduce or reestablish the much-coveted hierarchical and spatial balances, urban policies have focused on the less dense urban centers represented by small towns. The presented article analyzes the case of urbanization in Algeria in three small towns: Azzaba, El Harrouche and Collo, where we studied the urbanization rate, which varies between (0.9-2.54%), the rate of immigration to small towns (7.79-11.04%), equipment and shops.
Public transport between the plain and the mountains, case study: The state of Jijel, Algeria
Authors: Nouzha Tekkouk , Belkacem Bitat
Published: February 2024

This research aims to identify the organization of public transport by bus in the wilaya of Jijel between the plain and the mountain in which it helps to improve and facilitate the movement of people, The descriptive/analytical approach was followed by applying the questionnaire tool distributed to more than 60 people in 20 communes, The results, analysed by SPSS, showed that the organisation of mass transport did not achieve the desired quality either in the plain or in the mountains, but was less organised in the mountainous sphere, especially in the lack of lines and in the deterioration of the road network, Attention to the organization and development of public transit remains one of the priorities of a region’s strategic planning for local development.
Epidemiological analysis and prevention strategies in response to a shigellosis cluster outbreak: a retrospective case series in an alternative school in the Republic of Korea, 2023
Authors: Ahn Yeongseo , Jin Sunmi , Park Gemma , Lee Hye Young , Lee Hyungyong , Shin Eunkyung , Kim Junyoung , Yoo Jaeil , Kim Yuna
Published: February 2024

Objectives: In March 2023, an alternative school in the Republic of Korea reported 12 cases of shigellosis. This study aims to analyze the epidemiological characteristics in order to determine the cause of the cluster outbreak of shigellosis and to develop prevention strategies.Methods: This study focused on 12 patients with confirmed Shigella infection and investigated their demographics, clinical features, epidemiology, diagnostics, and antimicrobial susceptibility. Following the identification of Shigella, we conducted follow-up rectal smear cultures to manage patients, implementing isolation and control measures.Results: This study investigated the emergence of multidrug-resistant Shigella following missionary activities in Cambodia, documenting a cluster infection within an alternative school in Daejeon, the Republic of Korea. The outbreak affected 56 participants, resulting in the confirmation of 12 cases. The incidence rates varied by gender and occupation, with higher rates among males and teachers. All 12 cases demonstrated multidrug resistance. Challenges included delayed pathogen confirmation and suboptimal adherence to isolation criteria. The incident prompted revisions in the criteria for isolation release, focusing on symptom resolution. The study underscores the necessity for strengthened surveillance, educational initiatives focusing on prevention in endemic areas, and improved oversight of unlicensed educational establishments.Conclusion: Successful response strategies included swift situation assessment, collaborative efforts, effective infection control measures, and modified criteria for isolation release. Continued surveillance of multidrug-resistant strains is recommended, especially in regions with a high prevalence.
Preserving Wayang Golek: The Rationale of Radio Komunitas Seni dan Budaya Maja FM Program Selection
Authors: Anwar Rully Khairul , Besthari Bian , Damayani Ninis Agustini , Khadijah Ute Lies Siti
Published: February 2024

Wayang Golek as an integral part of the Sundanese culture, is at risk due to globalization and modern influences. To counter this, RKSB Maja FM, a community radio in Bandung, West Java, has initiated the "Preserving the Art of Wayang Golek" program as a form of local cultural preservation. This research aims to understand the process and motivation behind the selection of Wayang Golek art performances for broadcast on RKSB Maja FM, as well as to explore its impact on the preservation of Sundanese culture and its influence on the listening community. This study uses a qualitative method with an instrumental case study approach. It gathers information through in-depth interviews with RKSB Maja FM members involved in the selection and implementation of the program, as well as the analysis of related documents. It gathers information through in-depth interviews with RKSB Maja FM members involved in the selection and implementation of the program, as well as the analysis of related documents. The research findings indicate that RKSB Maja FM chose the program "Preserving the Art of Wayang Golek" because Wayang Golek is a distinctive identity of Sundanese society and holds significant cultural values. The program aims to protect the continuity of this art form from outside influences and to ensure that the younger generation does not forget about Wayang Golek. RKSB Maja FM sees radio broadcasting as an effective medium for preserving and introducing Wayang Golek to the broader community. In conclusion, the broadcasting program "Preserving the Art of Wayang Golek" is RKSB Maja FM's effort to safeguard the cultural heritage of Sundanese culture and strengthen the local cultural identity amidst the challenges of globalization.
APRESIASI DONGENG LEGENDA UNTUK ANAK DI MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Lyra Hera Meganova
Published: February 2024

PPM ini merupakan sebuah kegiatan yang dirancang untuk membantu meningkatkan produktivitas anak selama pada masa pandemi. Hampir selama dua tahun, anak-anak dipaksa oleh keadaan untuk berdiam diri dalam rumah. Semua kegiatan anak-anak lebih bersinggungan dengan media daring. Hal itu tentu memberi dampak yang negatif pada mereka. Anak-anak cenderung jadi lebih dominan bermain dengan gadget dan laptop. Khalayak sasaran PPM adalah anak-anak berusia 6-14 tahun. Usia tersebut merupakan usia yang mampu mengapresiasi dongeng “Lutung Kasarung” yang dibawakan oleh pendongeng. Terdapat 100 orang anak mendaftar untuk mengikuti kegiatan PPM ini. Sosialisasi kegiatan PPM dilakukan dengan penyebaran poster melalui media sosial. Kegiatan PPM dilaksanakan aplikasi zoom dengan konsep webinar dalam judul “Dongeng di Rumah Aja”. Tahap pelaksanaan dilakukan selama 2,5 jam diawali dengan pembukaan, sambutan, icebreaking, apresisi dongeng, penutupan, dan evaluasi.
SOSIALISASI CUCI TANGAN MELALUI BUKU SAKU “SEHAT CERIA SETELAH PANDEMI” DI TAMAN BACAAN MASYARAKAT JATINANGOR
Authors: Dewi Retasari , Dida Susanne , Lusiana Elnovani , Yuliani Rostika
Published: February 2024

Pemerintah menyatakan pandemi telah berakhir, namun beberapa kebiasaan baik yang telah dipelajari anak-anak saat pandemi harus dipertahankan agar tetap sehat. Buku komik seri Jojo Anak Jatinangor dari Pusat Studi Komunikasi Kesehatan Universitas Padjadjaran kembali hadir di tahun 2023 dengan format yang berbeda, yaitu buku saku kebiasaan baik. Buku ini menjadi media promosi kesehatan dalam kegiatan Pengabdian pada Masyarakat (PPM). Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk menyosialisasikan tata cara mencuci tangan melalui media buku saku “Sehat Ceria Setelah Pandemi” pada anak-anak di empat Taman Bacaan Masyarakat (TBM) Kecamatan Jatinangor. Kegiatan ini menggunakan metode storytelling dan observasi pada perilaku peserta sebelum dan setelah dibacakan buku. Hasil kegiatan ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat perubahan cara mencuci tangan para peserta yang telah dibacakan buku oleh storyteller.
PENYULUHAN LITERASI SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN KESADARAN MANAJEMEN KEBERSIHAN DAN KESEHATAN MENSTRUASI BAGI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Rachmat Ani , Som Witakania , Finalia Cicu , Cansrina Genita
Published: February 2024

Persoalan perempuan yang berkaitan dengan alat reproduksi selalu menarik untuk dibicarakan, karena pada tahap awal seorang perempuan mengalami menstruasi banyak persoalan muncul yang berkaitan dengan pengetahuan tentang mentruasi dan hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan kebersihan dan kesehatan. Kegiatan penyuluhan ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan pengetahuan tentang menarche, menstruasi, pramenstrual syndrome, serta kebersihan dan kesehatan pada saat menstruasi, kepada siswa-siswi tingkat sekolah dasar. Dengan menggunakan metode pendidikan masyarakat diperoleh hasil yang menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan siswa mengenai kesehatan dan kebersihan menstruasi.
missão da Igreja no diálogo católico-pentecostal
Authors: Boareto José Antônio , Silva Charles Rodrigues Santana , Menegazzo Fábio Massotti , Souza Felipe Biet Andrade , Caetano Moisés
Published: February 2024

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o fenômeno do diálogo católico-pentecostal na perspectiva latino-americana, mais especificamente no contexto da Comunidade Coração Novo, fundada por Izaías Carneiro. A metodologia adotada será o consagrado método “ver, julgar e agir”, proposto pelo Papa João XXIII. A primeira parte do artigo descreverá as origens do diálogo católico-pentecostal e a experiência da Comunidade Coração Novo e a segunda buscará iluminar o problema do diálogo católico-pentecostal com os documentos magisteriais e as Sagradas Escrituras. Por último, o artigo apresentará algumas propostas de ação para o diálogo católico-pentecostal.
Unlicensed antiviral products used for the at-home treatment of feline infectious peritonitis contain GS-441524 at significantly different amounts than advertised
Authors: Kent Alycia M. , Guan Su , Jacque Nicole , Novicoff Wendy , Evans Samantha J. M.
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the content of unlicensed GS-441524-like products being used as a largely successful at-home treatment for cats suspected to have FIP. The remdesivir content and pH were also measured.

SAMPLE

127 injectable and oral samples from 30 of the most popular brands of black market producers.

METHODS

Unlicensed GS-441524-like products were procured through donations and tested for GS-441524 and remdesivir content by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. A pH meter measured the pH of injectable samples.

RESULTS

Of the 87 injectable formulations, 95% contained more (on average 39% more) GS-441524 than expected based on the producer’s marketed concentrations. The average pH (1.30 pH) was well below the physiologic pH conditions recommended for SC injections. The oral formulations were more variable, with 43% containing more GS-441524 (on average 75% more) than expected and 58% containing less (on average 39% less) than the expected content. There was minimal variability in GS-441524 content between replicate samples in the injectables formulations (measured by coefficient of variation). One injectable and 2 oral samples additionally contained remdesivir.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

All unlicensed products used for the at-home treatment of FIP that we tested contain GS-441524. The injectables generally contain significantly more drug than advertised at a below-physiologic pH. Unlicensed oral products vary more widely in drug content and suffer from unconventional dosing and labeling. These data should highlight the need for regulation of these products and the development of legal pathways to procure GS-441524.
Clinical validation of a blood-based liquid biopsy test integrating cell-free DNA quantification and next-generation sequencing for cancer screening in dogs
Authors: Flory Andi , Ruiz-Perez Carlos A. , Clavere-Graciette Ana G. , Rafalko Jill M. , O’Kell Allison L. , Flesner Brian K. , McLennan Lisa M. , Hicks Susan C. , Nakashe Prachi , Phelps-Dunn Ashley , DiMarzio Lauren R. , Warren Chelsea D. , Cohen Todd A. , Chibuk Jason , Chorny Ilya , Grosu Daniel S. , Tsui Dana W. Y. , Tynan John A. , Kruglyak Kristina M.
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVE

To validate the performance of a novel, integrated test for canine cancer screening that combines cell-free DNA quantification with next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis.

SAMPLE

Retrospective data from a total of 1,947 cancer-diagnosed and presumably cancer-free dogs were used to validate test performance for the detection of 7 predefined cancer types (lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma, osteosarcoma, leukemia, histiocytic sarcoma, primary lung tumors, and urothelial carcinoma), using independent training and testing sets.

METHODS

Cell-free DNA quantification data from all samples were analyzed using a proprietary machine learning algorithm to determine a Cancer Probability Index (High, Moderate, or Low). High and Low Probability of Cancer were final result classifications. Moderate cases were additionally analyzed by NGS to arrive at a final classification of High Probability of Cancer (Cancer Signal Detected) or Low Probability of Cancer (Cancer Signal Not Detected).

RESULTS

Of the 595 dogs in the testing set, 89% (n = 530) received a High or Low Probability result based on the machine learning algorithm; 11% (65) were Moderate Probability, and NGS results were used to assign a final classification. Overall, 87 of 122 dogs with the 7 predefined cancer types were classified as High Probability and 467 of 473 presumably cancer-free dogs were classified as Low Probability, corresponding to a sensitivity of 71.3% for the predefined cancer types at a specificity of 98.7%.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

This integrated test offers a novel option to screen for cancer types that may be difficult to detect by physical examination at a dog’s wellness visit.
The Policy of Preserving National Linguistic Identity on the Example of the Welsh
Authors: Bekova R. M.
Published: February 2024

Introduction.The article examines the British policy pursued in the 16th – first half of the 20th centuries in relation to the autochthonous languages of Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The author characterizes the language policy of Great Britain in this period as a policy of linguistic nationalism of the English language and discrimination against the national languages of other peoples. The article also discusses the main legal acts aimed at expanding the use of the Welsh language and consolidating the status of the Welsh language as the national language of Wales.

Materials and methods.To achieve this goal, the article used the method of the structural-functional approach, as well as modern principles of scientific knowledge of complex social phenomena and processes, based on a combination of macro- and microsociological research. The materials of the article were the works of scientists on the stated issues.

Results of the study.It is concluded that the Welsh language has managed to maintain its independence to a greater extent than other autochthonous languages of the peoples of Great Britain, and in modern conditions there is a tendency to increase the number of people using the Welsh language in everyday life. The main findings of this article were the demonstration of specific discriminatory measures applied by the UK in relation to the Welsh language, including the ban on the use of Welsh as the language of legislation, the language of judicial proceedings and restrictions on teaching in Welsh.

Discussion and conclusion.The study identifies the reasons and constitutional and legal factors for the transition from a policy of language discrimination to a policy of dialogue of cultures, as well as the influence of public figures advocating the preservation and expansion of the use of the Welsh language on the language policy of Great Britain. The constitutional significance of the Welsh Language Regulations 2011 is stated, and for the first time in the Russian-language doctrine the content of this law is analyzed.
The Purchase of Sex: Perceptions, Experiences, and Social Work Practices
Authors:   , Grönvall Ylva
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study is to explore sex buyers’ perceptions and experiences of purchasing sex, and to study how the purchase of sex is constructed as a social problem in Swedish social work practice. The empirical material consists of interviews with 30 men with experiences of purchasing sex and with ten social workers conducting counselling or outreach work with men who purchase sex. The dissertation is a compilation thesis that consists of four papers, that have been published in international peer-review journals. The first paper focuses on how men who buy sex as one-time visitors navigate between commercialization and intimacy in a national context criminalizing their actions. The paper explores the construction of meaning and intimacy in commercial relationships for Swedish men buying sex, and how these men describe relational practices and strategies used when they purchased sex. The second paper explores the construction of intimacy among men engaged in longterm transactional relationships with women. The paper focuses on the meaning of transactions for intimacy in long-term paid sexual relationships. The third paper explores how men who purchase sex in a context in which their activities are criminalized understand and perceive risk. The paper focuses on individual assessments of risk in relation to experiences of crime, exploitation, and stigma. The fourth paper aims at exploring social workers’ understanding of the purchase of sex as a social problem. The study focuses on social workers’ approaches to the purchase of sex in relation to values, professional practices, and political goals, and how they navigate these aspects in their encounters with individuals who purchase sex. The four papers show how individual experiences are understood, navigated, and conceptualized in relation to social interaction and social norms. The participants in both sub-studies navigate between their own experiences and perceptions, moral values, and social norms in regard to the purchase of sex in Sweden. Both the sex buyers and the social workers conceptualize and make sense of the purchase of sex based on their individual experiences as sex buyers or as social workers meeting sex buyers, but they also relate to normative ideas about the purchase of sex and about ‘sex buyers’.
A Survey of The Ichthyofauna At the Pontal De Maracaípe Reef Complex, South Coast of Pernambuco – Brazil, and Local Ecological Knowledge of Raftsmen
Authors: Xavier Clara de Oliveira , Bezerra Natalia Priscila Alves , De Oliveira Paulo Guilherme Vasconcelos
Published: February 2024

Objective: The study aimed to assess the ichthyofauna of the Pontal de Maracaípe Reef Complex in Pernambuco, Brazil, and analyze the local ecological knowledge of the rafstmen regarding the reef environment.
 
Theoretical background: Reef environments stand as ecosystems of high ecological importance due to their biodiversity, ecosystem services, and the presence of endemic species. However, these ecosystems face environmental impacts caused by various anthropogenic activities.
 
Methodology: Visual census techniques and the application of socio-environmental questionnaires were employed.
 
Results and conclusion: In this study, it was possible to identify 1,568 individuals, distributed across 20 orders, 33 families, and 69 species. The raftsmen asserted that the recent growth in the number of lodges and shops in the region has led to an increase in visits to local natural pools, suggesting a need for enhanced monitoring and environmental education as a mitigation measure.
 
Implications of the research: The study contributes to effective area management and provides information that aids in the protection of the reef ecosystem, emphasizing the importance of awareness and monitoring in response to the tourism growth in the region.
 
Originality/value: The study brought to light the local ecological knowledge of the rafstmen, adding a unique perspective to the research. The data collected on the ichthyofauna offer valuable information for the management and protection of the Pontal de Maracaípe Reef Complex in Pernambuco, Brazil.
Alianças Estratégicas decorrentes de uma Sociedade de Risco
Authors: Marshall Carla , Machado Gomes José Maria
Published: February 2024

O presente artigo tem por escopo observar os agentes econômicos, o mercado e seus comportamentos em função de crises econômicas e sociais, inseridos no contexto da sociedade de risco. A sobrevivência dos agentes econômicos em épocas de crise globalizada requer a criatividade que se concretiza por meio de alianças estratégicas. Reflexões foram realizadas, no sentido de enfatizar os diferentes fatores que envolvem as relações interindividuais, interempresariais, e entre indivíduos e empresas, sabendo-se de antemão que não há como prescindir a elementos econômicos providos por corporações. O Estado nesse sentido, precisa ordenar alternativas que viabilizem sua manutenção e isso só é possível por meio de interação com a sociedade e empresas. Deste modo, o método qualitativo foi implementado, além da pesquisa bibliográfica, de obras e artigos pertinentes à temática.
O Supremo Tribunal Federal e os usos jurídico-políticos: uma análise do discurso do “julgamento histórico” do HC no 4.718
Authors: Iorio Filho Rafael Mario
Published: February 2024

O presente trabalho objetiva analisar, por meio da Análise Semiolinguística do Discurso, o discurso jurídico-político dos votos dos ministros do Supremo Tribunal Federal no “julgamento histórico” do Habeas Corpus no 4781 de 1919, impetrado pelo então candidato à Presidência da República Ruy Barbosa e alguns de seus correligionários do Estado da Bahia, a fim de assegurar preventivamente o Direito de Reunião e Livre Manifestação do Pensamento na reta final daquela campanha eleitoral. A análise se dá, especialmente, a partir do voto do ministro relator, uma vez que os demais votos não se encontram disponíveis para análise. O acórdão demonstra que havia ampla base probatória indicativa de que as autoridades do Poder Executivo do Estado da Bahia, em particular o Governador por meio de seu Chefe de Polícia, estariam impedindo ou causando graves constrangimentos ao direito de reunião do grupo político oposicionista. A decisão da corte foi no sentido de que reconhecer a competência originária do STF no caso, bem como fixou teses no sentido de que o direito de livre reunião não pode, de modo algum, sofrer interferência direta da polícia, sequer para determinar os locais de realização das reuniões políticas.  Tal constatação nos levou a refletir até que ponto os ministros do Supremo Tribunal Federal como integrantes do mundo jurídico brasileiro, enquanto campo estruturado a partir de opiniões antagônicas e muitas vezes paradoxais, e neste sentido, um sistema jurídico-processual que não leva à formação de consensos, já reproduziam desde então esta cultura, na decisão analisada.
Assessment of public awareness about Semaglutide (Ozempic) use, safety, and adverse drug reaction in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshehri Abdullah , Almalki Anas , Althomali Majed , Altowarqi Nawaf , Almalki Hassan , Atalla Ayman
Published: February 2024

Background:
Obesity is a growing epidemic in Saudi Arabia, and Semaglutide has emerged as a promising pharmacotherapeutic option for weight management in obese patients. This study aims to assess public knowledge about Ozempic (semaglutide) use, safety, and adverse drug reactions in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional survey to collect data among the adult population in Saudi Arabia. Statistical tests of significance, including the chi-squared test and Spearman\'s rho correlation test, were employed to examine differences between groups and assess correlations between variables.

Results:
Of the 739 participants, 50.7% were females, and most participants had a bachelor's degree level of education. Study respondents reported that they had heard of Ozempic, but only 244 (58%) knew its indication (Type 2 DM). The analysis showed that good knowledge was observed among the 31–40 and 18–30 age groups compared to other age groups (p = 0.020); no other sociodemographic variables showed a significant association with the knowledge level (p > 0.05).The questionnaire was distributed to a representative sample with a minimum of 385 participants among the Saudi population, with a 95% confidence level and a margin of error of 5%, through online platforms. Data were collected and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.

Conclusion:
Semaglutide is a valuable medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and, under appropriate circumstances, for weight loss management. The study showed that the majority of the participants used it for weight loss management, and their awareness regarding its indications, contraindications, and adverse effects was not adequate.
Assessment of the quality and effectiveness of the work of regulatory authorities in the field of drug circulation
Authors: Kotvitska A. A. , Suvorov M. О.
Published: February 2024

Aim. To assess the quality and effectiveness of the work of regulatory authorities in the field of drug circulation.

Materials and methods. The study was based on data from scientific publications, statistical reports, results of our own research, including a survey of representatives of senior management positions of business entities in the pharmaceutical sector of the healthcare sector. The methods used were a sociological survey, descriptive statistics, graphical analysis, and data generalization.

Results. Based on the results of the analysis of international and domestic experience in assessing the activities of state regulatory authorities, a system of qualitative indicators for assessing the effectiveness of their work was proposed. According to the questionnaire developed, an anonymous survey was conducted among representatives of the management level with at least 5 years of experience in organizations and enterprises engaged in a certain area of pharmaceutical activity. It was found that according to the indicators of assessing the general principles of providing regulatory services in the field of circulation of medicines, quality and availability of regulatory services, the activities of public authorities were assessed at a satisfactory level. It was determined that the work of regulatory authorities with complaints from consumers of their services needed to be improved, and the level of performance of regulatory functions in controlling the promotion of medicines and their advertising was also necessary to be improved.

Conclusions. Thus, based on the results obtained at this stage of the study, it can be stated that the level of activity of regulatory authorities in the field of circulation of medicinal products is satisfactory from the point of view of the recipients of their services. At the same time, taking into account the world experience of using approaches to assess state bodies in providing services to individuals and legal entities, we consider it necessary to develop a unified procedure for conducting a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of regulatory authorities by self-assessment and stakeholder assessment of regulatory services using the same performance indicators.
Design of Lifting Tool and Pressing Table at Tofu Factory X Considering to the Operator's Work Posture
Authors: Wijaya Yohanes Alvin , Halim Winda
Published: February 2024

The X Tofu Factory on of tofu factory located in Sumedang City. Based on the results of an interview with the owner of the X Tofu Factory, Owner stated that there were several problems that occurred at the X Tofu Factory. The main problem that occurs is the frequent occurrence of Musculoskeletal Disorder complaints caused by poor work posture and inadequate physical facilities. The purpose of this study was to design work aids to be used to lifting load at grinding work stations and posture when work at pressing station. Theories are used include design thinking for the design of work aids at milling work stations, Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) to determine the risk score of work postures, Wisha Lifting Calculator (WLC) to determine the limiting index of lifting activities, and anthropometry for designing physical facilities in the form of a tofu moulding table. Data collection was carried out in the tofu production area by taking tool size data, the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire, and actual anthropometric data. From the results of data processing and analysis of the problems above, the researchers proposed work aids to reduce REBA and Wisha scores, and physical facilities that were adjustable in height operator's anthropometric data.
Newspaper reports about the Polish uprising of 1863 in the perception of L.N. Tolstoy
Authors: Song Jiaxuan
Published: February 2024

During the Polish uprising of 1863, L.N. Tolstoy expressed a desire to go to war again, as is known from his letter to A.A. Fet dated May 1-3 and from S.A. Tolstoy's diary dated September 22, 1863. As a result, the very military-political context of 1863, in which this desire was formed, remained practically unexplored. It remained unclear which Polish or pan-European events could actualize Tolstoy's desire in May and September 1863, why this desire is now escalating, then, obviously, retreating. In this article we will fill this gap by recreating the foreign policy context of 1863 on the basis of newspaper reports about the Polish uprising in April-May and September. In the early 60s, the Polish uprising entailed the intervention of Western powers in the conflict. This led to a diplomatic struggle between the Russian Empire and the Western powers. The focus of our attention will be publications from the "Moscow Vedomosti" edited by M.N. Katkov, which Tolstoy most likely followed. The main method of research is comparative and cultural-historical. Using these methods, we analyze in detail what exactly happened in May and September 1863 in the theater of operations in Poland and in the diplomatic spheres of Europe. Recreating the international situation of that time, we will prove that Tolstoy's desire to "take the sword off the rusty nail", about which he wrote to Fet, arose at the most critical moments for European diplomacy, when a new war between Russia and a coalition of Western states (like the Patriotic or Crimean) seemed almost inevitable. And the disappearance of his desire is connected with the elimination of this military threat. This proves that at the time of the beginning of work on "War and Peace", the writer was still quite closely following the modern political agenda, although he refused to participate in the war, the thought of it did not pass without a trace and left an imprint on his artistic imagination. Tolstoy then offered the reader of War and Peace a generally peaceful view of relations between peoples.
The Phenomenon of Romanization in Jhumpa Lahiri’s Collection of Short Stories «Unaccustomed Earth»
Authors: Dzhalilova Leila Rakhman Kyzy
Published: February 2024

The aim of this article is to analyze the genre form of a short story on the example of Jhumpa Lahiri’s short prose in the aspect of the phenomenon of romanization. The subject of the study is the determination of the features of romanization disclosed in the genre structure of the second part of short stories’s collection «Unaccustomed Earth» entitled «Hema and Kaushik». As an object of research the three stories («Once in a Lifetime», «Year’s End», «Going Ashore») united by a common plot were chosen which form the second part of the collection. The relevance of the work is explained by the fact that the study of works of modern multicultural and postcolonial literature in the genre aspect allows us to reveal the features of the functioning and modification of stable genre forms in the literary process. The method of structural analysis and the comparative method have made it possible to examine the process of romanization on the compositional, subjective and spatial–temporal levels of the text and reveal the correlation of the short story form with the American tradition of the genre. The scientific novelty consists in applying the new approach to the analysis of the genre form of this collection within the framework of the concept of romanization. The study concludes that the romanization of a short story is based on the complication of compositional, subjective and spatial–temporal organizations. This leads to the integration of the stories into a cohesive narration united by the several main characters whose names gave the title to the second part of the collection. Besides, the genre strategies of a short story including a narrator’ figure, covering a single event of the past are putting in the front which is expressed in the use of the ending like in a novella.
What do the most frequent anthroponyms say in the framework of the discipline "Classical Literature"
Authors: Lakina Svetlana Valentinovna
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the most frequent anthroponymic lexemes that are used within the framework of the discipline "Classical Literature". The subject of the research was the upper part (the first ten in terms of frequency of anthroponyms) of the frequency dictionary, compiled on the basis of textbooks on the specified subject area. Anthroponyms are presented in the article both in a short and in their full version, that is, taking into account cognomen or prenomen. The research methodology consists in a combination of quantitative automated and manual analysis, and contextual analysis was also applied. The scientific novelty of the conducted research lies in the differentiation of thematic and non-thematic anthroponyms and in identifying the reasons for the usage of names in sections and chapters of the textbook that are not devoted to them. In the course of the research, it was found out that the fundamental factor that influences the quantitative indicators of the use of a particular lexeme is the thematic affiliation of a particular textbook. This approach makes it possible to distinguish the center (where the frequency thematic anthroponyms are located) and the periphery (where the infrequent non-thematic anthroponyms are located) of the onomastic space. In addition to this difference, common indicators for all textbooks were also identified. Most of the units (49 from 50) included in the top ten in frequency are used in the content of textbooks not only in the sections devoted to them, but also in others, which deal with other personalities. Such usage of the names of real historical figures suggests an increase in their importance within the framework of the discipline "Classical Literature". In addition, it was possible to identify and classify the reasons for such use of names.
ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN UNDANG-UNDANG PERLINDUNGAN ANAK PADA KASUS KEKERASAN DENGAN KORBAN BERUSIA DI BAWAH 18 TAHUN DAN PERNAH TERIKAT PERKAWINAN
Authors: Bonita Pattiwael Novanca , Feronica
Published: February 2024

Dalam jurnal ini peneliti membahas apakah Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak dapat digunakan untuk mengadili pelaku kekerasan terhadap anak korban yang pernah terikat perkawinan. Dalam Putusan Nomor 67/Pid.Sus/2014/PN.KBR jaksa menggunakan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak dan Undang-Undang Penghapusan Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga sebagai dakwaan. Namun, hakim menyatakan bahwa Undang-Undang Penghapusan Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga yang digunakan karena korban pernah terikat perkawinan. Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis-empiris. Data diperoleh melalui kajian peraturan perundang-undangan dan wawancara dengan Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia dan pakar HAM, peneliti, dan akademisi hukum. Dari pembahasan, Peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak dapat digunakan untuk mengadili pelaku kekerasan seksual terhadap anak korban yang pernah terikat perkawinan.