bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profiling Sex-Specific piRNAs in Zebrafish
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Zuo Zhixiang , Zhou Fang , Zhao Wei , Sakaguchi Yuriko , Suzuki Takeo , Suzuki Tsutomu , Cheng Hanhua , Zhou Rongjia
Published: September 2010

Piwi proteins and their partner small RNAs play an essential role in fertility, germ-line stem cell development, and the basic control and evolution of animal genomes. However, little knowledge exists regarding piRNA biogenesis. Utilizing microfluidic chip analysis, we present a quantitative profile of zebrafish piRNAs expressed differentially between testis and ovary. The sex-specific piRNAs are derived from separate loci of repeat elements in the genome. Ovarian piRNAs can be categorized into groups that reach up to 92 members, indicating a sex-specific arrangement of piRNA genes in the genome. Furthermore, precursor piRNAs preferentially form a hairpin structure at the 3′end, which seem to favor the generation of mature sex-specific piRNAs. In addition, the mature piRNAs from both the testis and the ovary are 2′-O-methylated at their 3′ ends.
Case of a diabetic man cured from rhinocerebral zygomycosis
Authors: Lakatos Botond , Nikolova Radka , Ocskay László , Csomor Judit , Prinz Gyula
Published: September 2010

A zygomycosis (mucormycosis) ritka, kifejezetten agresszív lefolyású opportunista infekció, amelyet a Zygomycota (Járomspórás gombák) törzs Zygomycetes osztályába tartozó gombák okoznak. Jellemzően immunhiány, neutropenia, vastúlterhelés, hematológiai betegség, illetve diabeteses ketoacidosis eseteiben fordul elő.Esetismertetés:A szerzők 18 éves, 9 éve inzulindependens diabetes mellitusban szenvedő, rossz compliance-szel rendelkező beteg kórtörténetét ismertetik. Súlyos állapotban, beszűkült tudattal, ketoacidosisban, orrmelléküreg-gyulladásra utaló egyoldali periorbitalis duzzanattal, bőrpírral került kórházba. Bár az endoszkópos sinusműtét során vett váladékból methicillinrezisztensStaphylococcus aureusésPseudomonas aeruginosatenyészett, a beteg anamnézise, klinikuma zygomycosis gyanúját keltette, emiatt amphotericin-B-kezelést indítottak. Szövettani, illetve mikrobiológiai vizsgálatok soránRhizopus oryzaeokozta invazív infekció igazolódott.Megbeszélés:Az antifungális kezelés ismételt sebészeti beavatkozásokkal és adjuváns granulocytakolónia-stimuláló faktor alkalmazásával kiegészítve eredményesnek bizonyult. A beteg négy hónappal hazabocsátását követően él és panaszmentes. Orv. Hetil., 2010, 39, 1591–1596.
Prevalência de diabetes melito e fatores associados em população urbana adulta de baixa escolaridade e renda do sertão nordestino brasileiro
Authors: Lyra Ruy , Silva Rosilda dos Santos , Montenegro Jr. Renan Magalhães , Matos Marcus Vinicius Cardoso , Cézar Nathalia Joanne Bispo , Maurício-da-Silva Luiz
Published: September 2010

INTRODUÇÃO: O diabetes melito (DM) constitui problema de saúde pública no Brasil. Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar a prevalência de DM, sua relação com características sociodemográficas e outros fatores de risco cardiovascular em uma população adulta do sertão de Pernambuco/Brasil. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Foi conduzido em 2008/2009 estudo transversal na população adulta e urbana do Distrito de Canaã, município de Triunfo, sertão de Pernambuco/Brasil. Amostra representativa constituída por 198 indivíduos com idade média de 57,7 anos foi aleatoriamente selecionada, em que 80,0% tinham apenas o ensino fundamental, e 81,3% tinham renda mensal inferior a um salário-mínimo. RESULTADOS: Foi encontrada prevalência de 13,6% de DM e de 7,6% de disglicemia (6,6% de glicemia de jejum alterada e 1,0% de tolerância diminuída à glicose). Dos diabéticos, 24,0% não tinham diagnóstico. Nos diabéticos, 87,5% apresentavam síndrome metabólica (SM) e 68,0% eram hipertensos. Houve associação positiva e significativa entre DM e IMC e entre DM e SM. CONCLUSÃO: Foi encontrada elevada prevalência de DM nessa população adulta urbana do sertão nordestino. Esses resultados assim como a sua associação com obesidade e síndrome metabólica indicam a necessidade de ações mais efetivas na prevenção dessas enfermidades.
Doença de Madelung: relato de caso e revisão da literatura
Authors: Vidal Maria da Graça Caminha , Haygert Carlos Jesus Pereira , Zagoury André Rivas , Adaime Sâmia Braga Ramos , Carrion Rodrigo Previdello , Londero Thizá Massaia
Published: September 2010

Relata-se o caso de um paciente portador da doença de Madelung, definida clinicamente pela presença de múltiplos acúmulos de tecido adiposo não encapsulados, usualmente envolvendo a região cervical e superior do tórax, de distribuição simétrica. O exame de imagem eleito para confirmação do diagnóstico foi tomografia computadorizada, por ser menos dispendiosa e mais acessível, comparando-se à ressonância magnética.
Sociedade de São Vicente de Paulo: caridade católica aos problemas sociais?
Authors: Silva Cláudia Neves da , Lanza Fabio
Published: September 2010

O estudo da instituição Igreja Católica é uma investigação que trata de uma das organizações mais antigas e tradicionais do Ocidente, a qual se adaptou às exigências econômicas, sociais, políticas, culturais e ideológicas que se constituem na sociedade. Muitas vezes as autoridades eclesiásticas conseguiram, não sem lutas e disputas internas e externas, superar as crises pelas quais a organização religiosa passou, mantendo-a unida com um consenso auto-imposto, expulsando os opositores, dominando reis, subjugando povos e difundindo sua percepção de mundo. Com a intensificação do processo de secularização no século XX, perdeu parte de seu poder e prestígio; porém exerce uma intervenção, de forma conciliadora, em diversos conflitos adota a função de estabelecer alianças com diferentes grupos sociais. Neste sentido, o artigo tem por objetivo apresentar e interpretar uma das práticas religiosas católica, a Sociedade de São Vicente de Paulo, que com sua ação capilar, penetra nas mais longínquas regiões, arregimentando membros de diferentes segmentos sociais na busca de resolver os problemas sociais sem alterar o status quo.
Dança, corpo e desenho: arte como sensação
Authors: Martins Carlos José
Published: September 2010

Este trabalho busca refletir sobre o estatuto do corpo e do movimento nas artes a partir da noção de sensação, como empregada no pensamento do filósofo francês Gilles Deleuze. Tal propósito se fará a partir do singular encontro entre os trabalhos de um pintor/desenhista e um dos mais emblemáticos bailarinos clássicos. O corpo em movimento, quando atinge o estado de dança, não se reduz a uma forma, a uma representação, nem a uma mecânica. Antes, pelo contrário, sua leveza singular afeta-nos sobremaneira. Tal afecção será tomada como fio condutor de nossa análise, tendo em vista as diferentes sensações e expressões que pode suscitar. A sensação de um corpo que dança pode expressar-se na dança em si como também no desenho. Que relações esses diferentes meios de expressão do corpo dançarino podem estabelecer entre si? Que acontecimentos singulares podem emergir nesse encontro particular? Antes que forma, linhas de força e expressão. Corpo-vibração, torrente de afectos e perceptos, constituindo sensações que diferentes meios artísticos expressam diferentemente.
Estudo da previsibilidade das medidas P-NB e 1-NB na elaboração da análise cefalométrica de Steiner
Authors: Pinzan Célia Regina Maio , Pinzan Arnaldo , Freitas Marcos Roberto de , Henriques José Fernando Castanha , Almeida Márcio Rodrigues de
Published: September 2010

O propósito deste trabalho consistiu na avaliação longitudinal da previsibilidade das medidas P-NB e 1-NB na elaboração da análise de Steiner. A amostra compôs-se de 148 pacientes, divididos em três grupos de acordo com o padrão de crescimento: horizontal, equilibrado e vertical. Os valores propostos durante a individualização da análise de Steiner foram comparados com os obtidos ao final do tratamento ortodôntico e nos últimos controles realizados (em média, 4 anos e 9 meses pós-tratamento). A análise dos resultados revelou: 1) os valores propostos para a medida P-NB apresentaram-se significantemente maiores do que os obtidos ao final do tratamento nos grupos horizontal e equilibrado, e, quando comparados aos obtidos nos controles, não se verificou diferença estatisticamente significante para nenhum dos grupos avaliados; 2) os valores propostos para a medida 1-NB demonstraram diferenças estatisticamente significantes em relação aos obtidos ao final do tratamento para o grupo vertical e em relação aos obtidos nos controles, para os grupos equilibrado e vertical. Conclui-se, portanto, que se torna necessário rever as estimativas para o P-NB para pacientes com padrões de crescimento horizontal e equilibrado. Quanto à medida 1-NB, os resultados confirmaram que os valores da tabela de compromissos preconizada por Steiner subestimam o posicionamento final dos incisivos inferiores, tornando-se necessário estabelecer tabelas de compromissos aceitáveis para jovens brasileiros leucodermas com ascendência mediterrânea, de acordo com os padrões distintos de crescimento.
Yield and botanical composition of a mixed grass-legume pasture in response to maintenance fertilization
Authors: Andrade Carlos Mauricio Soares de , Valentim Judson Ferreira , Pereira João Batista Martiniano , Ferreira Aliedson Sampaio
Published: September 2010

This study was carried out on a low-productive Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture, mixed with Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte (forage peanut), established 13 years ago in a Red-Yellow Latosol in Acre State, western Brazilian Amazon. The purpose was to evaluate the response of this pasture to different fertilizer combinations, aiming at identifying the nutritional factors responsible for the fall of pasture carrying capacity and for the reduced vigor of forage peanut. It was used a randomized complete block design, with three replications and 12 combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, lime, sulfur, and micronutrients (100 kg/ha of N, P2O5 and K2O; 300 kg/ha of dolomitic lime; 30 kg/ha of sulfur and FTE BR-10). Fertilizers were broadcast in 5 × 5-m plots, and the experimental area was isolated from grazing for 35 days. Pasture response to fertilizations showed that nitrogen was the main limiting nutrient to forage production. The other nutrients, applied singly or in a combined way, without nitrogen source, did not change dry matter accumulation rate. Overall, fertilizations with nitrogen provided dry matter accumulation rate of 115 kg/ha/day in comparison to only 32 kg/ha/day when nitrogen was not applied. There was no response from forage peanut to fertilization, so, there are other factors responsible for its reduced vigor of regrowth.
Avaliação de medidas da persistência da lactação de cabras da raça Saanen sob modelo de regressão aleatória
Authors: Menezes Gilberto Romeiro de Oliveira , Torres Robledo de Almeida , Sarmento José Lindenberg Rocha , Rodrigues Marcelo Teixeira , Melo Ana Lúcia Puerro de , Silva Felipe Gomes da , Brito Luiz Fernando
Published: September 2010

Utilizaram-se 10.238 registros semanais de produção de leite no dia do controle, provenientes de 388 primeiras lactações de cabras da raça Saanen, na avaliação de seis medidas da persistência da lactação, a fim de verificar qual a mais adequada para o uso em avaliações genéticas para a característica. As seis medidas avaliadas são adaptações de medidas utilizadas em bovinos de leite, obtidas por substituir, nas fórmulas, os valores de referência de bovinos pelos de caprinos. Os valores usados nos cálculos foram obtidos de modelos de regressão aleatória. As estimativas de herdabilidade para as medidas de persistência variaram entre 0,03 e 0,09. As correlações genéticas entre medidas de persistência e produção de leite até 268 dias variaram entre -0,64 e 0,67. Por apresentar a menor correlação genética com produção aos 268 dias (0,14), a medida de persistência PS4, obtida pelo somatório dos valores do 41º ao 240º dia de lactação como desvios da produção aos 40 dias de lactação, é a mais indicada em avaliações genéticas para persistência da lactação em cabras da raça Saanen. Assim, a seleção de cabras de melhor persistência da lactação não altera a produção aos 268 dias. Em razão da baixa herdabilidade dessa medida (0,03), pequenas respostas à seleção são esperadas neste rebanho.
Parâmetros genéticos de características reprodutivas de touros e vacas Gir leiteiro
Authors: Santana Júnior Mário Luiz , Lopes Paulo Sávio , Verneque Rui da Silva , Pereira Rodrigo Junqueira , Lagrotta Marcos Rodrigues , Peixoto Maria Gabriela Campolina Diniz
Published: September 2010

Com o objetivo de estimar parâmetros genéticos para a idade ao primeiro parto, perímetro escrotal e características do sêmen e avaliar a tendência genética da idade ao primeiro parto para animais da raça Gir Leiteira, foram analisadas medidas de 7.055 fêmeas e 97 machos de diversos rebanhos brasileiros. Os componentes de covariância foram estimados utilizando-se o método da máxima verossimilhança restrita, sob modelo animal, em análises unicaracterísticas. O modelo para características do sêmen incluiu os efeitos fixos central-ano-época de coleta de sêmen, idade à coleta como covariável, efeitos linear e quadrático. Para o perímetro escrotal, foram incluídos os efeitos fixos de ano do nascimento, classe de idade à medição do perímetro e central de inseminação. Para idade ao primeiro parto, foram incluídos os efeitos fixos de rebanho-ano-estação de nascimento e os efeitos aleatórios de animal e residual. As herdabilidades para perímetro escrotal e idade ao primeiro parto foram, respectivamente, 0,37 e 0,22. A tendência genética da idade ao primeiro parto foi significativa, com valor estimado de -0,018 mês/ano, e mostra que praticamente não houve progresso genético nessa característica ao longo dos anos estudados. As correlações genéticas obtidas em análises bicaracterísticas entre perímetro escrotal com volume, concentração, vigor, motilidade, defeitos maiores, menores e totais, número de doses, número total de espermatozoides viáveis e idade ao primeiro parto foram de 0,33; 0,22; 0,91; 0,86; -0,07; -0,03; -0,04; 0,30; 0,23 e -0,37, respectivamente. Esses resultados sugerem melhorias na eficiência reprodutiva de fêmeas quando utilizados nos rebanhos touros com maior perímetro escrotal.
Manufacturing strategies and work organization in an engine supply chain
Authors: Alves Filho Alceu Gomes , Rachid Alessandra , Donadone Julio Cesar , Martins Manoel Fernando , Truzzi Oswaldo Mário Serra , Bento Paulo Eduardo Gomes , Vanalle Rosângela Maria
Published: September 2010

New types of relation between buyer and suppliers companies have been implemented, leading to different kinds of physical arrangement in industrial chains, and changing their economic and productive performance, the supply management, among others.This article discusses the relationship between Manufacturing Strategies (MSs) and forms of Work Organization (WOs) adopted by an engine assembler and nine of its supplierscompanies in the same industrial chain. , examining how the specific decisions of the assembly plant affects the decisions of those suppliers. The analysis has been carried out based on information collected from interviews with the managers responsible for the areas of manufacturing, quality, logistics and human resources. We focus specifically on the relations between an automaker and nine of its direct suppliers. It was observed that suppliers' competitive priorities are strongly conditioned by the buyer's strategy and that, although there may be a general trend towards a form of work organization, the pace of change in this area alters according to the suppliers's own manufacturing strategies, their human resources policies, the situation of the job market, and the relative power of the workers' unions.
Feeding dynamics of Cichla kelberi Kullander & Ferreira, 2006 introduced into an artificial lake in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Villares Junior Gilberto Aparecido , Gomiero Leandro Muller
Published: September 2010

The objective of this study was to characterize the seasonally of the diet of Cichla kelberi in an artificial lake in Leme-SP, determining the food items and their relation to the sex and gonadal maturity of the fish sampled. The diet of C. kelberi presents a dynamic in three different periods: winter months were characterized by low feeding activity and a high concentration of undetermined fish; increase in feeding activity occurred in the spring, with Tilapia sp. being the dominant food item; and a high rate of cannibalism was observed in the summer and early fall. The plasticity in the composition of the diet was marked by quantity of prey available during the different periods of the year, and the reproductive period.
Environment and Soil Conditions Influence Pre- and Postemergence Herbicide Efficacy in Soybean
Authors: Stewart Christie L. , Nurse Robert E. , Hamill Allan S. , Sikkema Peter H.
Published: September 2010

Deciding on the most efficacious PRE and POST herbicide options and their ideal application timing can be challenging for soybean producers. Climatic events during the 14 d before and after herbicide application can further complicate decisions because of their influence on herbicide effectiveness. Nine field trials were conducted at three locations in southwestern Ontario from 2003 to 2006, to determine the most effective PRE and POST soybean herbicides for control of common lambsquarters, common ragweed, green foxtail, and redroot pigweed. When precipitation was low at least 7 d before and after herbicide application weed control was reduced in treatments that included imazethapyr (PRE or POST) or flumetsulam/S-metolachlor (a premix formulation) (PRE). Cumulative precipitation during the 12 d after PRE application that exceeded the monthly average by at least 60% reduced common lambsquarters control when metribuzin was applied and green foxtail control when imazethapyr was applied. Delaying application of imazethapyr + bentazon to a later soybean growth stage decreased control of common lambsquarters and green foxtail; however, environmental conditions appeared to influence these results. Precipitation on the day of application decreased control of common ragweed and redroot pigweed more with quizalofop-p-ethyl + thifensulfuron-methyl + bentazon compared with imazethapyr + bentazon. Soybean yield varied among POST herbicide treatments because of reduced weed control. This research confirms that environmental conditions pre- and postapplication, as well as application timing, influence herbicide efficacy and should be considered by growers when selecting an herbicide program.
Adventitious Presence: Volunteer Flax (Linum usitatissimum) in Herbicide-Resistant Canola (Brassica napus)
Authors: Jhala Amit J. , Raatz Lisa L. , Dexter Jody E. , Hall Linda M.
Published: September 2010

Flax is in the process of development as a crop for bio-industrial and nutraceutical products predicated on the use of genetic modification. Before genetically modified (GM) flax is commercially released, effective management practices should be developed to minimize adventitious presence (AP) of GM volunteer flax in subsequent crops. Field research was conducted at four locations during 2007 and 2008 in central Alberta to quantify and mitigate AP of volunteer flax in glufosinate-resistant (GR) and imidazolinone-resistant (IR) canola. A single preplant application of glyphosate at 1,250 g ae ha−1in GR canola reduced volunteer flax density from 54 to 3 plants m−2and seed production from 5,963 to 233 seeds m−2. Similarly, the recommended rate of POST glufosinate (600 g ai ha−1) alone effectively controlled volunteer flax and reduced flax seed viability to < 8% and AP to 0.2%. A combination of preplant (glyphosate) and POST (glufosinate) at recommended rates reduced volunteer flax seed production, yield, and AP to near zero in GR canola. Glyphosate applied preplant was equally effective in IR canola, reducing volunteer flax density from 56 to 2 plants m−2, and seed production from 5,571 to 472 seeds m−2. Imazamox + imazethapyr applied POST at all the rates poorly controlled volunteer flax and, even in combination with preplant glyphosate, cannot be recommended for control of flax volunteers in IR canola.
Sulfonylurea Herbicide Safety on Newly Sprigged Bermudagrass and Seashore Paspalum
Authors: Patton Aaron J. , Trappe Jon M. , Strahan Ronald E. , Beasley Jeffrey S.
Published: September 2010

Several sulfonylurea herbicides are labeled for use on established bermudagrass or seashore paspalum, but label recommendations for many of these chemicals vary for sprigged turf. The objective of this study was to determine the safety of various sulfonylurea herbicides on newly planted, ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass and ‘Aloha’ seashore paspalum sprigs in Arkansas and Louisiana. Treatments were arranged as a five by two by two factorial with five herbicides (foramsulfuron at 29 and 59 g ai ha−1, halosulfuron at 35 and 70 g ai ha−1, metsulfuron at 21 and 42 g ai ha−1, sulfosulfuron at 66 and 131 g ai ha−1, and trifloxysulfuron at 28 and 56 g ai ha−1), two herbicide rates (low and high), and two application timings at 2 or 4 wk after sprigging (WAS). There was no discernable herbicide injury to, or reduction in, Tifway bermudagrass coverage in Arkansas, regardless of herbicide, application timing, or application rate. Trifloxysulfuron and metsulfuron were more injurious than other herbicides in Louisiana when applied at 2 WAS to Tifway bermudagrass, but injury levels were acceptable (< 15%), and there was no long-term reduction in establishment. Metsulfuron or halosulfuron applied at 2 or 4 WAS and sulfosulfuron applied at 4 WAS allowed > 90% establishment of Aloha seashore paspalum at both locations. Both trifloxysulfuron and foramsulfuron were injurious to seashore paspalum and reduced its establishment. These results suggest that sulfonylurea herbicides can be safely applied shortly after sprigging to Tifway bermudagrass and that metsulfuron, halosulfuron, and sulfosulfuron could be useful herbicides for establishing Aloha seashore paspalum from sprigs.
Weed Management in Single- vs. Twin-Row Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors: Stephenson Daniel O. , Brecke Barry J.
Published: September 2010

Research was conducted to determine the effect of planting pattern, plant density, and levels of weed management intensity on intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR), weed control, and cotton lint yield in glyphosate-resistant cotton. Twin-row planting pattern canopy IPAR was 55% 7 wk after emergence (WAE) and 76% 9 WAE compared to 48% for single-row planting pattern 7 WAE and 59% 9 WAE. Regardless of cotton density, row spacing, or weed management intensity, control of browntop millet and Florida beggarweed was at least 88% 18 WAE. Benghal dayflower, sicklepod, and smallflower morningglory control was greater in twin-rows compared to single-rows at a cotton density of 7 plants m−2. Control of Benghal dayflower and sicklepod increased when cotton density increased at low weed management intensities; however, cotton density had no effect on weed control at higher levels of weed management input. At a cotton plant density of 7 plants m−2, twin-row cotton yielded 220 kg ha−1more than the single-row planting pattern. Data indicates twin-row cotton production is feasible and that control of various weeds was better in twin-row than single-row pattern at lower cotton density and weed management intensity.
Potential Allelopathic Effects of Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) Leaf Tissues
Authors: Tesio Franco , Weston Leslie A. , Vidotto Francesco , Ferrero Aldo
Published: September 2010

Jerusalem artichoke has been reported to colonize several ecological niches and agronomic crops in southern Europe. This plant is also of interest because of its high biomass production and its potential to produce ethanol for biofuel. Allelopathy may be an advantageous trait in Jerusalem artichoke under cultivation, as it potentially reduces weed interference with the crop, theoretically allowing a reduction of mechanical or chemical input required for weed management. However, this trait may also be unfavorable if other crops are cultivated in rotation with Jerusalem artichoke or in areas infested by this species. The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity of selected diverse crops (wheat, lettuce, corn, tomato, rice, and zucchini) and weeds (barnyardgrass, black nightshade, common lambsquarters, common purslane, large crabgrass, and pigweed) to the presence of Jerusalem artichoke dried leaf tissues in laboratory experiments performed under controlled conditions. The simulated soil incorporation of different Jerusalem artichoke residues (four cultivars and a weedy population) was carried out in a series of laboratory and greenhouse experiments. Jerusalem artichoke reduced the radicle growth of seedling lettuce (60%), tomato (30%), large crabgrass (70%), and barnyardgrass (30%), whereas total germination of these species was less affected. Sensitivity to Jerusalem artichoke residues was species dependent; germination and initial growth of corn were not affected, whereas winter wheat, lettuce, tomato, rice, and zucchini seedlings were more sensitive to residue presence. Our experiments show that both wild and cultivated decomposing Jerusalem artichoke residues, particularly leaves and stems, possess phytotoxic potential. Additional field experimentation remains to be conducted to determine if allelopathy in the field contributes to its invasibility.
Effects of Landscape Position, Rainfall, and Tillage on Residual Herbicides
Authors: Moyer James R. , Coen Gerald , Dunn Robert , Smith Anne M.
Published: September 2010

The effect of soil properties and weather on herbicide persistence and injury to following crops were studied at a site near Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, with undulating topography that included no-tillage and conventional tillage systems on adjacent fields. Soil pH ranged from 5.2 (lower slope no-tillage) to 7.8 (upper slope conventional tillage) and soil organic matter content ranged from 2.3% (upper slope conventional tillage) to 4.4% (lower slope no-tillage). During the years when the experiments were conducted rainfall ranged from < 50% of normal to > 150% of normal. During dry years atrazine and metsulfuron severely injured wheat and lentil crops, seeded 1 yr after herbicide application, on upper slope locations. The most severe injury occurred on the upper slope conventional tillage location. In years with high rainfall, no crop injury occurred 1 yr after atrazine and metsulfuron application on either upper or lower slope locations in both tillage systems. Imazamox plus imazethapyr caused almost 100% injury in the lower slope position in the no-tillage system (pH 5.2) in the driest year. Following-crop injury due to the imidazolinone herbicides decreased with increasing rainfall and increasing soil pH. The most severe injury to following crops seemed to occur when herbicide dissipation was dependent on microbial activity and rainfall was below normal.
Surface-Applied Calcium Phosphate Stimulates Weed Emergence in Flooded Rice
Authors: Lundy Mark E. , Fischer Albert J. , Van Kessel Chris , Hill James E. , Ruark Matthew D. , Linquist Bruce A.
Published: September 2010

Weeds are the major biotic constraint to rice production. Field observations have suggested that certain fertilizer regimes could enhance infestations of particular weed species emerging with rice. The study objective was to determine the effect of surface-applied calcium phosphate on weed growth in flooded California rice systems. In field and pot studies, triple superphosphate (TSP) applied to the soil surface increased weed emergence. Surface-applied TSP increased the number of sedge and broadleaf weeds, including smallflower umbrella sedge, blue-flowered ducksalad, redstem, ricefield bulrush, waterhyssop, and California arrowhead. A laboratory study measured germination of smallflower umbrella sedge and ricefield bulrush in response to the application of phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca), which comprise 20 and 15% of TSP, respectively. Calcium stimulated smallflower umbrella sedge germination and had no effect on ricefield bulrush germination. Phosphorus did not stimulate either smallflower umbrella sedge or ricefield bulrush germination. Results indicate that surface applications of calcium phosphate increase the growth of certain weed species and that Ca may stimulate germination of smallflower umbrella sedge. By incorporating preplant applications of calcium phosphate into the soil profile, growers can reduce weed pressure from certain species. Alternatively, surface applications of calcium phosphate may be useful to stimulate weed emergence in stale-seedbed management.
Growth Stage-Influenced Differential Response of Foxtail and Pigweed Species to Broadcast Flaming
Authors: Ulloa Santiago M. , Datta Avishek , Knezevic Stevan Z.
Published: September 2010

Propane flaming could be an effective alternative tool for weed control in organic cropping systems. However, response of major weeds to broadcast flaming must be determined to optimize its proper use. Therefore, field experiments were conducted at the Haskell Agricultural Laboratory, Concord, NE in 2007 and 2008 using six propane doses and four weed species, including green foxtail, yellow foxtail, redroot pigweed, and common waterhemp. Our objective was to describe dose–response curves for weed control with propane. Propane flaming response was evaluated at three different growth stages for each weed species. The propane doses were 0, 12, 31, 50, 68, and 87 kg ha−1. Flaming treatments were applied utilizing a custom-built flamer mounted on a four-wheeler (all-terrain vehicle) moving at a constant speed of 6.4 km h−1. The response of the weed species to propane flaming was evaluated in terms of visual ratings of weed control and dry matter recorded at 14 d after treatment. Weed species response to propane doses were described by log-logistic models relating propane dose to visual ratings or plant dry matter. Overall, response of the weed species to propane flaming varied among species, growth stages, and propane dose. In general, foxtail species were more tolerant than pigweed species. For example, about 85 and 86 kg ha−1were the calculated doses needed for 90% dry matter reduction in five-leaf green foxtail and four-leaf yellow foxtail compared with significantly lower doses of 68 and 46 kg ha−1of propane for five-leaf redroot pigweed and common waterhemp, respectively. About 90% dry matter reduction in pigweed species was achieved with propane dose ranging from 40 to 80 kg ha−1, depending on the growth stage when flaming was conducted. A similar dose of 40 to 60 kg ha−1provided 80% reduction in dry matter for both foxtail species when flaming was done at their vegetative growth stage. However, none of the doses we tested could provide 90% dry matter reduction in foxtail species at flowering stage. It is important to note that foxtail species started regrowing 2 to 3 wk after flaming. Broadcast flaming has potential for control or suppression of weeds in organic farming.
Involvement of the orphan nuclear estrogen receptor-related receptor α in osteoclast adhesion and transmigration
Authors: Bonnelye Edith , Saltel Frédéric , Chabadel Anne , Zirngibl Ralph A , Aubin Jane E , Jurdic Pierre
Published: September 2010

The orphan nuclear receptor, estrogen receptor-related receptor α (ERRα) is expressed in osteoblasts and osteoclasts (OCs) and has been proposed to be a modulator of estrogen signaling. To determine the role of ERRα in OC biology, we knocked down ERRα activity by transient transfection of an siRNA directed against ERRα in the RAW264.7 monocyte–macrophage cell line that differentiates into OCs in the presence of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB-ligands and macrophage colony-stimulating factor. In parallel, stable RAW cell lines expressing a dominant-negative form of ERRα and green fluorescent protein (RAW-GFP-ERRαΔAF2) were used. Expression of OC markers was assessed by real-time PCR, and adhesion and transmigration tests were performed. Actin cytoskeletal organization was visualized using confocal microscopy. We found that RAW264.7 cells expressing siRNA directed against ERRα and RAW-GFP-ERRαΔAF2 OCs displayed abnormal spreading, and decreased osteopontin and β3 integrin subunit expression compared with the corresponding control cells. Decreased adhesion and the absence of podosome belts concomitant with abnormal localization of c-src were also observed in RAW-GFP-ERRαΔAF2-derived OCs. In addition, RAW-GFP-ERRαΔAF2-derived OCs failed to transmigrate through osteoblast cell layers. Our data show that the impairment of ERRα function does not alter OC precursor proliferation and differentiation but does alter the adhesion/spreading and migration capacities of mature OCs.
Motivations for Self-Defensive Aggression in Dating Relationships
Authors: Shorey Ryan C. , Meltzer Christine , Cornelius Tara L.
Published: September 2010

Previous research has suggested that the occurrence of dating violence is influenced by various motivations, including self-defense. While some data have suggested that females are more likely to use physical aggression in self-defense, assessment measures of self-defense have been limited in several notable ways, hindering efforts at fully understanding the myriad of reasons contributing to self-defensive aggression. The current study sought to examine motivations for physical aggression among male and female college students using a contextual self-report measure of self-defensive aggression designed specifically for the current study. Results showed that numerous motivations for physical aggression were endorsed by both males and females and, contrary to expectations, females were not more likely to use aggression in self-defense. Implications of these findings for future research and dating violence prevention programming are discussed.
Health Care Providers’ Readiness to Screen for Intimate Partner Violence in Northern Nigeria
Authors: John I. A. , Lawoko Stephen , Svanström L. , Mohammed A. Z.
Published: September 2010

Research on screening for intimate partner violence (IPV) within health care in a sub-Saharan African context is rare. This paper assessed factors associated with the readiness to screen for IPV among care providers (HCP, n = 274) at Kano hospital, Nigeria. Readiness was measured using the Domestic Violence Health Care Providers’ survey instrument, which measures grade of perceived self-efficacy in screening for IPV, fear for victim/provider safety, access to system support to refer IPV victims, professional roles resistant/fear of offending clients, and blaming the victim for being abused victim. Social workers perceived a higher self-efficacy and better access to system support networks to refer victims than peers in other occupation categories. Female care providers and doctors were less likely to blame the victim than males and social workers, respectively. Younger care providers of Yoruba ethnicity and social workers were less likely to perceive conflicting professional roles related to screening than older providers of Hausa ethnicity and doctors, respectively. Implications of our findings for interventions and further research are discussed.
DNP Comprehensive Care Certification: What Are the Issues?
Authors: Starck Patricia L. , Woolbert Lynda
Published: September 2010

With the rapid expansion of doctor of nursing practice (DNP) degree programs, a means of distinguishing clinical (direct care) from administrative (indirect care) programs is needed. Furthermore, not all clinically focused DNP programs prepare graduates to provide care across settings and across the life span. Patients and the general public deserve to know who is competent to provide comprehensive care. A rational way to accomplish this is to have a certification examination for clinicians to verify their abilities. Built on the premise that providers, regardless of discipline, who deliver the same clinical services should demonstrate common competencies, the Council for the Advancement of Comprehensive Care (CACC) contracted with the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) to offer a certification examination modeled after Step 3 of the Medical Examination. An interview between a nurse practitioner leader and a dean of a DNP program who is a member of the board of the CACC brings to light many of the questions, concerns, and issues related to the certification examination and attempts to bring clarity and clear communication.
Anemia of Chronic Disease and Chronic Periodontitis: Does Periodontal Therapy Have an Effect on Anemic Status?
Authors: Pradeep A. R. , Anuj Sharma , Arjun Raju P.
Published: September 2010

Background: As the periodontal tissues mount an immune inflammatory response to bacteria and their products, the systemic challenge with these agents also induces a major vascular response. Certain inflammatory cytokines produced during periodontal inflammation can depress erythropoietin production leading to the development of anemia. The aim of this study is to investigate whether patients with chronic periodontitis have an anemic status, and subsequently, to analyze the effect of non‐surgical periodontal therapy on the anemic status of subjects over a 6‐month period.

Methods: A total of 187 patients with chronic periodontitis participated in the study. After red blood cell analyses, 60 patients with hemoglobin concentrations below reference ranges entered into the second part of the study in which patients were treated with non‐surgical periodontal therapy. Clinical parameters and red blood cell analyses were repeated at 3 and 6 months.

Results: In the first part of the study, 33.6% of patients had hemoglobin concentrations below normal reference ranges. In the second part of the study, all red blood cell parameters and clinical parameters showed statistical improvements over a 6‐month period.

Conclusion: The present study strengthens the hypothesis that chronic periodontitis may lead to anemia and provides evidence that non‐surgical periodontal therapy can improve the anemic status of patients with chronic periodontitis with greater improvement in females.
The Clamshell Osteotomy: A New Technique to Correct Complex Diaphyseal Malunions
Authors: Russell George V. , Graves Matt L. , Archdeacon Michael T. , Barei David P. , Brien Glenn A. , Porter Scott E.
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND:

The treatment of complex diaphyseal malunions is challenging, requiring extensive preoperative planning and precise operative technique. We have developed a simpler method to treat some of these deformities.

METHODS:

Ten patients with complex diaphyseal malunions (including four femoral and six tibial malunions) underwent a clamshell osteotomy. The indications for surgery included pain at adjacent joints and deformity. After surgical exposure, the malunited segment was transected perpendicular to the normal diaphysis proximally and distally. The transected segment was again osteotomized along its long axis and was wedged open, similar to opening a clamshell. The proximal and distal segments of the diaphysis were then aligned with use of an intramedullary rod as an anatomic axis template and with use of the contralateral extremity as a length and rotation template. The patients were assessed clinically and radiographically at a mean of thirty-one months (range, six to fifty-two months) after the osteotomy.

RESULTS:

Complete angular correction was achieved in each case; the amount of correction ranged from 2° to 20° in the coronal plane, from 0° to 32° in the sagittal plane, and from 0° to 25° in the axial plane (rotation). Correction of length ranged from 0 to 5 cm, and limb length was restored to within 2 cm in all patients. All osteotomy sites were healed clinically by six months. While no deep infections occurred, superficial wound dehiscence occurred in two patients along the approach for the longitudinal portion of the osteotomy, emphasizing the importance of careful soft-tissue handling and patient selection.

CONCLUSIONS:

The clamshell osteotomy provides a useful way to correct many forms of diaphyseal malunion by realigning the anatomic axis of the long bone with use of a reamed intramedullary rod as a template. This technique provides an alternative that could decrease preoperative planning time and complexity as well as decrease the need for intraoperative osteotomy precision in a correctly chosen subset of patients with diaphyseal deformities.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

ORIGINAL ABSTRACT CITATION:

“The Clamshell Osteotomy: A New Technique to Correct Complex Diaphyseal Malunions” (2009;91:314-24).
Total Hip Arthroplasty with Shortening Subtrochanteric Osteotomy in Crowe Type-IV Developmental Dysplasia
Authors: Krych Aaron J. , Howard James L. , Trousdale Robert T. , Cabanela Miguel E. , Berry Daniel J.
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND:

When surgeons perform total hip arthroplasty for hips with a high dislocation related to developmental dysplasia of the hip, obtaining long-term stable implant fixation and optimizing patient function remain challenges. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the results of cementless arthroplasty with a simultaneous subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy in a group of patients with Crowe type-IV developmental dysplasia of the hip.

METHODS:

In a retrospective study, we evaluated the results and complications of twenty-eight consecutive primary cementless total hip arthroplasties in twenty-four patients (twenty women and four men), all of whom had Crowe type-IV developmental dysplasia of the hip. The arthroplasty was performed in combination with a subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy and with placement of the acetabular component at the level of the anatomic hip center. The patients were evaluated at a mean of 4.8 years postoperatively.

RESULTS:

The mean Harris hip score increased from 43 points preoperatively to 89 points at the time of final follow-up (p < 0.01). Twelve (43%) of the twenty-eight hips had an early or late complication or a reoperation. Two (7%) of the twenty-eight subtrochanteric osteotomies were followed by nonunion. There was one instance of isolated loosening of the femoral stem. One acetabular component loosened, and one acetabular liner disengaged. Four hips dislocated postoperatively. All remaining components were well-fixed at the time of the last radiographic follow-up. No sciatic neurapraxic injuries were identified.

CONCLUSIONS:

Cementless total hip arthroplasty combined with a subtrochanteric femoral shortening osteotomy in patients with a high hip dislocation secondary to developmental dysplasia was associated with high rates of successful fixation of the implants and healing of the osteotomy site and a mean postoperative Harris hip score of 89 points. The complication rate, however, was substantially higher than that associated with primary total hip arthroplasty in patients with degenerative arthritis.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

ORIGINAL ABSTRACT CITATION:

“Total Hip Arthroplasty with Shortening Subtrochanteric Osteotomy in Crowe Type-IV Developmental Dysplasia” (2009;91:2213-21).
Comparison of the Clinical Results of Three Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Techniques
Authors: Kim Sung-Jae , Kim Sung-Hwan , Kim Sul-Gee , Kung Yun-Pei
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND:

Despite its technical complexity, arthroscopic tibial inlay reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament has biomechanical advantages over transtibial procedures. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical results of arthroscopic tibial inlay single-bundle and double-bundle techniques with those of the conventional transtibial single-bundle technique.

METHODS:

We evaluated twenty-nine patients treated with primary posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and followed for longer than two years. Eight patients were treated with a transtibial single-bundle procedure; eleven, with an arthroscopic inlay single-bundle procedure; and ten, with an arthroscopic inlay double-bundle procedure. An Achilles tendon allograft was used in all cases. Each patient was evaluated on the basis of the Lysholm knee score, the mean side-to-side difference in tibial translation as measured on Telos stress radiographs, and the side-to-side difference in the range of motion of the knee.

RESULTS:

The mean side-to-side difference (and standard deviation) in posterior tibial translation differed significantly between the arthroscopic tibial inlay double-bundle group (3.6 ± 1.43 mm) and the transtibial single-bundle group (5.6 ± 2.0 mm) (p = 0.023), although there was no significant difference between the arthroscopic inlay single-bundle group (4.7 ± 1.62 mm) and the transtibial group (p = 0.374). The mean range of motion and Lysholm scores were similar among the three groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

Despite its technical difficulty, the arthroscopic tibial inlay double-bundle technique is our preferred method of reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament because it stabilizes posterior tibial translation better than do the other two methods.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

ORIGINAL ABSTRACT CITATION:

“Comparison of the Clinical Results of Three Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Techniques” (2009;91:2543-9).
Opening-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy with a Locked Low-Profile Plate
Authors: Kolb Werner , Guhlmann Hanno , Windisch Christoph , Koller Heiko , Grützner Paul , Kolb Klaus
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND:

High tibial osteotomy has been recognized as a beneficial treatment for osteoarthritis of the medial compartment of the knee. The purpose of this prospective study was to assess the short-term results of opening-wedge high tibial osteotomies with locked plate fixation.

METHODS:

From September 2002 to November 2005, fifty-one consecutive medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomies were performed. The mean age of the patients at the time of the index operation was forty-nine years. The preoperative and postoperative factors analyzed included the grade of arthritis of the tibiofemoral compartment (the Ahlbäck radiographic grade), the anatomic tibiofemoral angle, patellar height, the Hospital for Special Surgery rating system score, and the Lysholm and Gillquist knee score.

RESULTS:

Postoperatively, one superficial wound infection occurred. Fifty of the fifty-one osteotomies healed after an average period of 12.9 weeks (range, eight to sixteen weeks) without bone grafts. A nonunion developed in a sixty-two-year-old patient who was a cigarette smoker. The average postoperative tibiofemoral angle was 9° of valgus. Forty-nine patients were followed for a mean of fifty-two months. The average score on the Hospital for Special Surgery rating system was 86 points at the time of the most recent follow-up. The rating was excellent in twenty-eight patients (57%), good in twelve (24%), fair in four (8%), and poor in five (10%). The average score on the Lysholm and Gillquist knee-scoring scale was 83 points. According to these scores, the outcome was excellent in nine patients (18%), good in thirty-one (63%), fair in three (6%), and poor in six (12%). Four knees failed after an average of thirty-six months.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results suggest that an opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy with locked plate fixation allows a correct valgus angle to be achieved with good short-term results.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

ORIGINAL ABSTRACT CITATION:

“Opening-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy with a Locked Low-Profile Plate” (2009;91:2581-8).