bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Green Finance on Enterprise Transformation
Authors: Xie Xinyu
Published: January 2025

Climate finance has gained momentum in recent years, with global climate finance flows reaching $1.3 trillion in 2021/2022, double that of 2019/2020. Despite this growth, climate finance accounts for only about 1% of global GDP and is unevenly distributed across sectors and regions. The growing role of private finance and green bonds highlights the need for innovative financial instruments to support the energy transition, especially in underfunded regions. Using a literature review and case study approach, this paper explores the role of green financial instruments in energy investment, in particular their effectiveness in overcoming barriers to financing renewable energy projects. The study focuses on tools such as green bonds, green banks and carbon pricing mechanisms, assessing their best practices and impact on promoting renewable energy. By analyzing the case of NextEra Energy, this study demonstrates the potential of green bonds to attract sustainable investment and advance the energy transition. The findings highlight the growing role of green finance in driving sustainable development and provide a framework for policymakers and investors to use these tools more effectively in support of global climate goals.
Climate Change and Corporate Investment Risk: A Comparison of Chevron, BYD, and CATL
Authors: He Yixin
Published: January 2025

Energy is essential for human survival, yet the global climate crisis has intensified challenges and opportunities for the energy sector. This paper focuses on Chevron, BYD, and CATL, examining the relationship between climate change and investment risk in their respective industriesfossil fuels, new energy vehicles, and batteries. Using stock data and financial reports, this study employs SWOT analysis, the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), and portfolio analysis to conduct both quantitative and qualitative assessments of these companies. Through horizontal comparison, the competitive dynamics and potential synergies among Chevron, BYD, and CATL are explored. The research identifies how climate-related risks influence their market performance and investment appeal. Furthermore, the analysis provides insights into the current state of each company, forecasting future trends and developments in the broader energy landscape. Based on the findings, this study proposes strategic recommendations aimed at improving sustainability and minimizing investment risks. In doing so, it underscores the critical role of innovation and diversification in navigating the evolving challenges of the energy sector.
A New Capital Market System for Serving Technology and Innovation Enterprises - Literature Review and International Comparison
Authors: Wu Yijiang
Published: January 2025

Currently, an increasing number of technology and innovation enterprises, primarily driven by human capital, are seeking to go public in the capital market. However, existing capital market systems and corporate governance structures often fail to meet this growing demand. This paper reviews the literature, case studies, and international comparisons of relevant systems for typical technology innovation companies domestically and abroad, examining advanced practices in stock issuance registration systems, dual-class share structures, and partnership systems in the capital market. The research indicates that, compared to the mature registration systems in foreign capital markets, China's emerging capital market still requires further improvement in areas such as information disclosure and delisting mechanisms to better facilitate companies going public. Furthermore, both the dual-class share structure and the partnership system can, through their mechanisms, shift voting power from common shareholders to founders, significantly ensuring the founders' control and offering valuable insights for the steady development of technology and innovation enterprises in the future. However, sunset clauses associated with dual-class share structures and concerted action agreements under partnership systems have not received sufficient attention, suggesting they should be considered in future system developments.
How the Development of the Digital Economy Affects Gross Domestic Product From the Perspective of the Expenditure Accounting Method
Authors: Wu Henghui
Published: January 2025

In the current era of the digital economy, digitalization has emerged as the core driver of Chinas economic development. This paper explores the transformative impact of the digital economy on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The study employs the GDP expenditure accounting method to analyze the influence of the digital economy on consumption expenditure, investment, government purchases, and net exports. Through qualitative analysis, it reveals how digital advancements stimulate consumption expenditure directly and indirectly by enhancing product diversity, increasing income, and improving market integration. It also discusses how digital finance facilitates investment, how digital governance reforms influence government spending, and how digital trade increases net exports. The research concludes that the digital economy is crucial for economic transformation and high-quality development, providing policymakers with a theoretical basis for leveraging digital innovation to promote GDP growth.
In-Depth Analysis of Investment Companies: Industry Dynamics, Management Mechanisms and Strategic Adjustments
Authors: Ma Jie
Published: January 2025

As the global economy continues to evolve, investment firms are facing unprecedented challenges in adapting to market volatility, optimizing asset allocation, and responding to policy guidance. The purpose of this paper is to explore how investment companies can respond to industry dynamics through strategic adjustment and strengthen management and analytical methods. Through an in-depth analysis of the investment case of Wal-Mart Investment Bank, the core functions of state-owned capital investment companies in serving the national strategy, optimizing the layout of state-owned capital and enhancing industrial competitiveness are discussed. Through an in-depth analysis of the organizational structure, governance structure and business choices of state-owned capital investment companies, this paper also proposes the risks and challenges that investment companies will face in the new era, as well as how to make decisions and control mechanisms. Finally, this paper aims to make effective suggestions and solutions for how to adjust the investment strategies of various multinational companies in the future development.
How the Japanese Anime Industry Can Revitalize Underdeveloped Regions
Authors: Nie Qianhao
Published: January 2025

In recent years, the Japanese anime industry has grown rapidly, becoming an important means of cultural dissemination while injecting new vitality into the domestic economy. In the face of uneven regional development in Japan, the anime industry, with its creativity and ability to lead audience consumption, offers new opportunities for local economic revitalization. This paper explores the impact of the Japanese anime industry on the economic development of underdeveloped regions in Japan. The study analyzes how the anime industry positively influences the economic vitality of these regions through various pathways, including promoting tourism, enhancing manufacturing, developing digital industries, and integrating with local culture. Additionally, it discusses the challenges faced by the anime industry, such as inadequate infrastructure, a shortage of talent, and the need for cultural resource integration. Through case studies, this paper demonstrates the potential benefits of the anime industry in boosting tourism, increasing employment in manufacturing, driving digital industries, and preserving traditional culture in underdeveloped areas. It also provides policy recommendations for future development, aiming to offer research value for economic recovery in the post-pandemic era.
Research on Marketing Strategies Adopted by Coca Cola Brand
Authors: Tian Ruitian
Published: January 2025

In recent years, globally recognized brands' advantages have become evident. Firms are expanding globally, intensifying competition. To maintain market share, retain customers, and enhance profitability, many global companies are focusing on marketing strategies. The Coca-Cola Company, founded in 1892, is a US-based multinational leader in beverages. It markets soft drinks, notably its flagship brand Coca-Cola, alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks globally. This article mainly examines Coca-Colas unique marketing strategies and their impacts worldwide. This research analyzes Coca-Cola's marketing strategy using journals, media, financial reports, and big data. By exploring a variety of data resources, this study combines quantitative (stock price, earnings, sales) and qualitative (academic, media) analysis to evaluate marketing initiatives' impacts, inferring effects from data fluctuations. Coca-Cola's multifaceted marketing strategies, particularly sensory marketing, localization strategy, and co-branding, have proven effective in enhancing brand perception, raising awareness, and boosting profitability and sales. This paper may offer some references for other small- and medium-sized enterprises.
Pathways and Optimization Suggestions for Smart City Construction: The Case of Hangzhou
Authors: Li Yuxin
Published: January 2025

In recent years, the construction of smart cities has become a critical focus worldwide, as cities leverage digital solutions to address complex governance and societal challenges. This article discusses the achievements, challenges and how to optimize the construction path in the construction of smart cities in the construction of smart cities, and aims to provide reference and reference for other cities to build smart cities. The level of intelligence of urban governance in China is constantly improving, and it is gradually changing from traditional urban governance models to modern science and technology. In the process of the construction of smart cities, it exists to varying degrees as a pioneering city for the development of China's smart cities. Hangzhou has made significant progress in digital infrastructure, smart transportation, public service intelligence, and environmental management. However, with the rapid advancement of the construction of smart cities, Hangzhou still faces challenges in terms of data security and privacy protection, governance collaboration, digital gap and sustainable development.
Efektivitas Tayangan Politik PKSTV dalam Meningkatkan Dukungan Pemilih PKS pada Pemilu 2024
Authors: Oktavia Anggi Ramadhani  , Khansa Nabilla Lutfiyah  , Rahma Titania  , Ahren Jasmine Azzahra  , Muhammad Prakoso Aji
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of PKSTV, a digital television platform owned by the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), in increasing voter support in the 2024 election. The study focuses on how PKSTV, as a digital political campaign medium, plays a role in shaping public perception and influencing voters’ political behavior. Using a qualitative approach, this research employs literature review and content analysis to examine PKSTV’s political communication strategies, including the application of Agenda Setting Theory, in highlighting key issues and building a positive public opinion of PKS. The findings show that PKSTV contributes to increasing voters’ knowledge of PKS (cognitive effect), establishing a positive image of PKS among the public (affective effect), and mobilizing voter support (behavioral effect). However, PKSTV also faces challenges from intense competition in the digital media landscape and political polarization. The conclusion of this study indicates that PKSTV has significant potential to support PKS’s voter mobilization strategy through interactive and relevant digital content, especially for younger voters.
Sosialisasi Bahaya Sampah Plastik di Lingkungan Sekitar PT. Petrokimia Gresik
Authors: Mohamad Mirwan  , Indah Nur Fauziyyah  , Muhammad Fuad Ashfihani
Published: January 2025

The daily use of plastic among the public can cause plastic waste and there are dangers arising from the use of plastic waste. The lack of understanding about the dangers of plastic waste in society is the goal of the activities carried out in this study. One thing that can be done to overcome this problem is to socialize to the public about plastic waste and its dangers and to manage plastic waste to find alternative solutions in accordance with applicable regulations. In the understanding indicator variable that has been determined, the quantitative method is used by conducting a pre-test and post-test. The results of these activities showed that 26% of respondents did not understand the dangers of plastic waste. After socialization activities, it was found that more than 60% of respondents experienced an understanding of the dangers of plastic waste. From this it can be said that the activities carried out in this study are right on target and in accordance with the researchers' objectives that the community can create a good environment and is able to create a healthier environment and can prevent or be able to avoid pollution and the dangers of waste.
Pelatihan Manajemen Perpustakaan Desa Bagi Pemuda Karang Taruna Desa Binor Paiton Probolinggo
Authors: Farhan Farhan , Ali Ba’aly  , Alif Rahman Ardiyansah  , Dian Hidayatullah Farchani  , Muhammad Fajar Danuarta
Published: January 2025

This article contains the results of service regarding village library management training for youth in Binor village, Paiton sub-district, Probolinggo district, East Java. The existence of a village library next to the mosque with ample parking is a good opportunity for the village library to optimize library management. The educated young people of Binor village also have the potential to develop human resources in making a more real contribution to their village in supporting the human development index (HDI), both in educational, cultural, religious and other aspects. In the educational aspect, young people from Karang Taruna can be optimized to support the reading and writing literacy program in optimizing the management of the 'Rohiqul Ilmi' village library in Binor village, but not all village youth are interested and interested in optimizing the village library. This is the reason for the Nurul Jadid University student service carried out between August and October 2023 which is focused on supporting the village library management program. This service uses the participatory action research (PAR) method, to collect data, analyze problems, formulate solutions, and implement corrective actions. The result; (1) Service takes place synergistically in the same paradigm by reviewing relevant literature in the concept of village library management; (2) establishing a stronger partnership with the involvement of the Nurul Jadid University community in encouraging village youth to be aware of literacy; and (3) supporting the National Library program in creating Indonesian reading ambassadors (DBI) in the regions, especially through the Binor village library, Paiton.
Small Business Management and Financial Literacy for Young Entrepreneurs
Authors: Lila Maria Kaban  , Rifin Khong  , Efin Shu  , Jony Jony
Published: January 2025

Youth entrepreneurship contributes to the social, cultural, and economic development of society, especially in many developing countries. The idea of encouraging young people to start businesses for a variety of reasons is now widely encouraged. However, there are many challenges and doubts faced in starting a business particularly after the Covid-19 is over. Therefore, the community service was carried out by lecturers at Business School, Universitas Pelita Harapan Medan Campus, providing the onsite seminar and training to 70 high school students at Santo Nicholas School in February 2023. The purpose of the community service was to encourage the students to plan their business projects by presenting data and information on the latest trends and issues in entrepreneurship and finance, as well as conducting one-to-one sessions with the students. Most of the students were enthusiastic throughout the activities resulting in several business plans and proposals being created at the end of the community service. It is implied that young people are indeed motivated to begin their entrepreneurship journey and school is the right place for them to acquire the necessary knowledge and skills. Teachers and parents are suggested to continue to assist the students by providing the commitment and funding required to begin and sustain the business.
Peningkatan Kesadaran Mahasiswa dalam Melakukan Pengawasan Partisipatif pada Pemilu 2024
Authors: Nila Wahyuni  , Malse Yulivestra  , Ria Ariany  , Yona Tri Maulina  , Ahmad Syauqi Rizal
Published: January 2025

Elections are one of the pillars of democracy that must maintain integrity and credibility. However, there are still various issues and potential for fraud that can endanger the electoral process. Participatory oversight is needed from various parties because this is the responsibility of The Election Supervisory Agency, The Election Supervisory Committee, and the general public, especially students. As agents of change, students are considered to have great potential in overseeing future electoral processes. This Community Service activity aims to increase students' awareness of conducting participatory oversight in the 2024 General Elections. The partners in this activity are student representatives from various fields of study at Andalas University. The method used in this activity is andragogy, where the facilitator is tasked with facilitating the learning process for students to create an enjoyable learning atmosphere. The activity starts with a pre-test to measure participants' initial abilities before the intervention (socialization), followed by discussions, question-and-answer sessions, and case-solving. The final stage is to administer a post-test to measure participants' abilities after the socialization. The results of the community service activity show an increase in participants' understanding of participatory oversight, marked by an increase in test scores. The average score during the pre-test was 7.82 points, which increased to 9.95 points in the post-test
Edukasi Pemilahan Sampah untuk Meningkatkan Karakter Peduli Lingkungan Siswa SD Labschool UNEJ
Authors: Fahimatul Anis  , Naomi Dias Laksita Dewi  , Zetti Finali
Published: January 2025

Waste has become a serious problem in the school environment as students are still observed disposing of trash indiscriminately. Schools, as formal institutions, can serve as a platform to instil environmental awareness in students from an early age. It is crucial to cultivate students' concern for proper waste disposal and sorting according to its type. Stemming from this issue, this community service activity aims to provide a solution through educational initiatives on organic and inorganic waste segregation. The tangible form of this community service activity involves practical education on organic and inorganic waste sorting at SD Labschool UNEJ. The method employed includes several stages: obtaining permission by processing a speaker request letter to the higher education institution, preparation by determining the schedule for the service activity, implementation in the form of educational socialization on organic and inorganic waste sorting, and evaluation by administering quizzes or questions related to waste segregation. As a result of this service activity, students have an increased level of understanding about organic and inorganic waste sorting and knowledge of waste management to enhance its functional value. In conclusion, this community service has led to an improvement in the environmental awareness character of students at SD Labschool UNEJ in sorting organic and inorganic waste.
Pemberdayaan Surveilans Masyarakat Penyakit Penyakit Reproduksi di Desa Karang Anyar Kecamatan Jati Agung Kabupaten Lampung Selatan
Authors: Sutarto Sutarto , Ratna Dewi Puspita Sari  , Winda Trijjayanthi Utama  , Reni Indriyani
Published: January 2025

Karang Anyar Village, Jati Agung District, South Lampung Regency, faces reproductive health challenges, including high rates of reproductive diseases and low community awareness. A reproductive disease surveillance empowerment program was conducted on June 1, 2024, involving 30 participants of reproductive-age women. Training on appropriate technology and the latest science and technology simulations was organized to enhance health cadres' skills in identifying and managing cases. The implementation methods included ongoing education and consultation sessions, which helped participants understand the importance of disease prevention. Evaluation results showed a significant increase in participants' knowledge, skills, confidence, and ability to disseminate health information within the community. Collaboration among the community, local government, and healthcare workers strengthened the surveillance system. This program is expected to have a long-term impact on the quality of reproductive health services in the village. Suggestions for further development include expanding the program's scope and improving healthcare facilities in the town to ensure more effective surveillance sustainability.
Pendampingan Penggunaan Canva untuk Membuat Aksi Nyata pada Platform Merdeka Mengajar (PMM)
Authors: Yosepha Patricia W. Laja  , Lailin Hijriani  , Ferdinandus Mone  , Yohanis N. Deda
Published: January 2025

This community service activity (PkM) was carried out based on information on the fact that teachers experienced difficulty in preparing PMM Real Actions and creating real action designs using Canva. Therefore, the aim of this PkM activity is to provide assistance in using Canva to create real PMM actions for teachers at SMPN Neonbat Kefamenanu. The implementation method consists of the preparation stage, implementation stage and evaluation stage. The instruments used were comprehension questionnaires and response questionnaires. The results of the activity showed that there was an increase in the participants' understanding as seen from the average score before the activity of 1.6 to 3.3 after the activity. And there was also 1 real work that was successfully uploaded to the PMM account of one of the participants after participating in this activity. Apart from that, there was a very satisfying response from the activity participants. The conclusion of this PkM activity was that this activity had been successfully carried out, marked by an increase in understanding of the activity participants and a very satisfying response from the participants.
Optimalisasi Pembelajaran Guru MI Muhammadiyah Panican Purbalingga Melalui Pelatihan Mind Mapping
Authors: Nayla Desviona  , Rifki Chandra Utama  , Luthfannisa Afif Nabila  , Chairil Hikayat  , Juwita Dien Maulida
Published: January 2025

Education plays a vital role in human life as it is expected to enhance the nation's intelligence. The development of creative thinking in students is influenced by the encouragement or motivation provided by teachers. This ability can grow when teachers effectively stimulate students' creative thinking processes. Therefore, it is important for educators to innovate their teaching strategies to maintain student motivation. One method that can maximize the brain's potential and foster creativity is mind mapping. At MI Muhammadiyah Panican Purbalingga, many teachers still use traditional teaching methods. To address this, a training program focusing on practical mind mapping was implemented. The primary goal of this activity was to enhance the teachers' understanding of mind mapping as a tool to support learning. The training provided teachers with insight into how this method can improve lesson delivery and foster student creativity. The results showed that teachers were enthusiastic about participating, and some were already aware of the benefits of mind mapping in enhancing learning. This highlights the importance of conducting further mind mapping training to help teachers develop more effective and creative lesson plans. Additional support and motivation from government stakeholders are essential to advance the development of these educational activities.
Penerapan Teknologi “KOPKA” (Kran Otomatis dan Pengukur Kapasitas Air) pada Bak Penampung Air Drip Irrigation untuk Mempermudah Kerja Kelompok Tani Banyu Urip Desa Tanggumong Kecamatan Sampang
Authors: Weny Indah Kusumawati  , Stephanie Astrid Ayu  , Musayyanah Musayyanah , Yunanto Tri Laksono  , Charisma Dimas Affandi
Published: January 2025

The Banyu Urip Farmer Group faces challenges in managing water for agricultural irrigation purposes. One of the main problems is that irrigation in the fields used still uses manual watering techniques, so it takes a long time to do watering. To overcome this problem, the Banyu Urip Farmer Group collaborated with Universitas Dinamika to install an Automatic Faucet and Water Capacity Meter system. This Automatic Faucet and Water Capacity Meter system is an innovation that helps improve irrigation efficiency and water management on farms. This technology provides convenience for farmers in terms of water control, which has a positive impact on resource use efficiency, and supports sustainable agriculture in Tanggumong Village, Sampang District. Community service activities have been completed according to the predetermined schedule. The success of this activity can be measured by the ease felt by Poktan in operating the application to monitor equipment, being able to fill in content on Instagram, and their enthusiasm to take part in the next community service programs.
Tingkat Pengetahuan, Beban Kerja, Pengawasan, dan Penerapan SOP dengan Kejadian Kecelakaan Kerja di PT X
Authors: Mila Amelia Putri  , Ahmad Irfandi  , Namira Wadjir Sagadji  , Mayumi Nitami
Published: January 2025

There were 19 instances of working accidents in 2023, according to PT X's data on workplace incidents. The results of the root cause analysis showed that a lack of understanding of workplace safety, heavy workloads, insufficient supervision, and a failure to follow safety operating procedures (SOPs) were the main causes of workplace accidents. The aim of this research is to ascertain the correlation between PT X employees' knowledge levels, workloads, supervision, and SOP implementation and workplace accidents. Analytical survey research using a cross-sectional study methodology is what this study is. There are 449 production workers in the electrical guitar sector, making up the study's population. Based on the Lemeshow approach, a sample size of 77 workers was determined. A basic random sampling methodology is combined with probability sampling as the sampling method. Chi-square tests and prevalence ratios were used to examine the data. The findings indicate a correlation between workload and workplace accidents (p-value 0.006 < 0.05), knowledge level and workplace accidents (p-value 0.001 < 0.05), workplace accidents and supervision (p-value 0.007 < 0.05), and workplace accidents and the application of SOPs (p-value 0.001 < 0.05). It is possible to draw conclusions from these findings regarding the correlation between PT X employees' knowledge levels, workloads, supervision, and SOP implementation and workplace accidents.
Uncertainty Quantification and Sensitivity Analysis of Concrete Structure Using Multi-Linear Regression Technique
Authors: Hebbouche Abdelhamid , Bennoud Salim , Zeroual Ayoub
Published: January 2025

The dynamic analysis of structures with uncertain parameters presents an attractive field of structural health monitoring in many cases of technological interest. In the dynamic analysis of hydraulic structures, such as existing dams, modeling assumptions, resulting inaccuracies, and changes in seismic loading are typically the main sources of uncertainties. Many hydraulic structures of concrete can be subjected to seismic loads. However, it is necessary to take haphazard or random phenomena as crucial considerations when assessing the security of these structures or planning new ones. This paper shows computational analysis for the characterization of the behavior of a concrete gravity dam under seismic loads, which are considered sources of uncertainties. The multi-linear regression methodology was performed and applied to evaluate the dynamic response of the considered structure. Numerous nonlinear time history analyses based on Latin Hypercube Sampling were realized to investigate the effect of uncertain parameters on the dynamic response. These analyses were applied to two types of seismic actions, the near and far earthquakes, which act on a concrete gravity dam. Then, a sensitivity analysis was used for each random variable to quantify its risk and clarify its influence on the dynamic behavior of the dam. Results divulge that for near-fault cases, major variables affecting the global sensitivity across all limit states are the Young’s modulus of soil and concrete. On the other hand, for far-fault cases, the important variables influencing the global sensitivity index include the compressive strength of concrete, Young’s modulus of soil, and cohesion.
Strand 1: The Unreliable Transcript, Contingent Technology and lnformal Practice in Asynchronous Learning Networks
Authors: Jones Chris , Cawood John
Published: January 2025

Some observers discern a paradigm shift in education in which the distinction between distance and campus learning is becoming blurred. The technology of computer conferencing has been merged with web technology in the form of the Asynchronous Learning Network. This paper examines the practices that develop when such new technologies and their associated learning strategics are deployed. It concentrates on a central feature of computer mediated conferencing, the transcript.
This paper examines the claims made for transcripts as a basis for understanding just what goes on within the educational process. It concludes chat the transcript is generally an unreliable guide to the activity and process that takes place in a conference. In particular the transcript is shown to be unavailable to such techniques as content analysis and inappropriate to a simple conversational metaphor.
Strand 1: Thesis and Antithesis on the use of Network Learning Technologies in Higher Education
Authors: Retalis S. , Vescoukis V. C. , Skordalakis E.
Published: January 2025

There is a controversy on the use of network technologies in education especially at the undergraduate university level and below. This controversy stems from the conception of NLT’s implications in the social process: on the one hand, NLTs could be used as a cool to satisfy real social needs in culture, pedagogy and education, and to advance the social process; on the other hand, use of NLTs could be socially "blind" serving nothing but "technolove", producing generations with reduced or even bad social consciousness. This paper discusses these above issues using the schema thesis-antithesis introduced by ancient Greek philosophers, aiming to raise some sensitivity against the unconditional use of technology in Education.
Strand 1: Supporting a Culture of Collaborative Study
Authors: Rimmershaw Rachel
Published: January 2025

In this paper I present an account of four short undergraduate courses which ran between 1992 and 1995, three using a computer-based conferencing system (FirstClass) to support collaborative study practices, and one using a paper-based conference for the same purpose.
The seriousness of the emphasis on collaborative study was communicated to the students not only by means of the conference discussions, but through the use of student writing as set reading material for the course, and the use of material from the conference discussions as the basis for the final examination.
Students responded best in courses in which the tutor participated in conference discussions in a similar style to them. Even when some of the computer-based features were lost, as in the final course which used a paper file for public writing, students made significant use of this forum. However factors outside the design of the system for supporting collaboration seemed to play the strongest part in determining the extent to which students would find value in using the system.
Among the factors influencing the success of the course 'philosophy' appeared to be the physical conditions, the initial induction process, the tutor's participation style, and the assessment practices. None of these are particularly surprising, but the experiences reported here indicate that learners respond differently co quite fine differences in the instantiations of the course design.
Strand 2: Implementing Telelearning
Authors: Fisser Petra , De Boer Wim
Published: January 2025

One of the telelearning initiatives at the University of Twente in the Netherlands is the TeleTOP project at the Faculty of Educational Science and Technology. The overall goal of the project is to stimulate the innovative and appropriate use of telematics for learning purposes within the faculty in order to make the educational delivery more efficient, more enriched, and more flexible. In practice over 30 existing courses will be modified towards WWW-based courses. A decision support tool is developed and used during individual meetings between instructors and the technical team, thereby involving the staff of the faculty. The decision support tool makes it easier for instructors to make decisions with regard to the components that they need in their WWW-based learning environment. In practice, the instructors and the team use the decision support tool and decide what can and will be adapted in the existing courses. The next step is prototyping a first concept of the adapted course. This adapted course will show the possibilities of a WWW-based course and is presented to the instructors. The second prototype will comprise actual course materials and is subject to discussion. This process will go on until the final version of the new adapted course is finished.
Strand 2: Towards a Multi-Agent Framework to Assist Networked. Learning
Authors: Stamatis D. , Kefalas P. , Kargidis T.
Published: January 2025

Through the continuously evolving information technologies, Networked Learning (NL) has set the scene cowards an effective and low cost Open and Distance Learning (ODL) scheme. It is argued that Artificial Intelligence (AI) provides a technology which is already available and also has the potential to support NL both at the organisational and educational level. This paper proposes a framework based on multiple AI agents which can be used to automatically or semi-automatically assist various stages of NL. This assistance is indented for both learners and course providers who need to carry out specific casks before, during and after the delivery of a course. The architecture of such a multiagent system is presented and the processes which are automatically supported are briefly discussed.
Strand 2: Building a Virtual Workshop
Authors: Mikalsen Arne B.
Published: January 2025

Learning has always been expressed by means of learning goals. Such learning goals could typically be integration of theory and practise, learn to underlie arguments and collaboration (project work). Traditionally, university students have organised themselves in colloquial groups, to achieve richer learning. Discussing the curriculum with other students have always been considered excellent pedagogy.
In recent years, more students are studying parttime, often full- or part-time employed. In this lifelong learning (LLL) field, distance learning become important and very effective. The students are not able (or at least unwilling) to leave their work for several days, attending a course. They want to stay at work, or with their families, studying. This implies that they are often left on their own, with no other students attending the course to discuss with face to face. If we can scare that collaboration is good pedagogy, how shall we overcome the lack of presence of other students? This paper will discuss collaboration in open and distance learning, more specifically Computer Supported Co-operative Learning (CSCL). McConnell (1) defines CSCL as (p. 8):
"No matter how distant each member is, they all have a need to work together on some aspects of their learning, and do this through the use of computers. I call this form of co-operative learning computer supported co-operative learning (CSCL)."
Strand 2: Bringing competence areas together
Authors: Sletvold Mary
Published: January 2025

Do ODL - Dissemination of Open and Distance Learning, is a project granted within the European Commission programme SOCRATES, where important issues for dissemination of ODL in higher education arc addressed. One objective of Do ODL is to define models for collaboration between European academic institutions in order for them to function as centres for each other in the field of ODL. As a part of the field trials in Do ODL, a course in "Strategic Internet Marketing" have been developed as a joint effort by the participating institutions. The group developing the course consists of lecturers within different fields in marketing and computer engineering, and with various experience in producing and delivering networked learning courses. Collaborative learning is being used as an integrated part of the course delivery, with a possibility for the students to choose between face to face collaboration and networked depending on what is most appropriate for each student.
The result of this interdisciplinary, inter-institutional and international approach is, as far as the lecturers and the institutions are concerned, collaborative course development and delivery. With respect to the students, they are offered an active learning situation based upon a collaborative learning environment.
The course will be run for the fuse time during the spring term of 1998. The experiences regarding the course delivery will not be clear until after the course have been accomplished in June. This paper will focus on the development and implementation process and the experiences gained during this activities. However, activities related to the planning process of the course concerning delivery and accomplishment of the course, will be covered.
Strand 2: New Media in the University of Helsinki
Authors: Hilkka Ailio , Petrus Kaartinen , Jyrki Kanerva , Teo Kirkinen , Jari Salminen , Marja Venna
Published: January 2025

The University of Helsinki has developed a strategy for using information and communication technologies in university education. This strategy is summarized and some concrete technical applications are briefly presented, including the use of virtual seminars on the WWW, the production of a multimedia CD-ROM on Finnish history and the integration of remote classrooms through video conferencing.
Strand 2: SCHEMA: Network Computers, ISDN, Learning and Social Networks, Network Computers and Learning
Authors: Timms DWGT , Booth SP
Published: January 2025

SCHEMA aims to investigate the use of multimedia telematics co deliver and support a series of training modules oriented cowards the continuing professional development needs of nursing, education and social work professionals living and working in high priority regions of Scotland, Germany, Sweden and Finland. Particular attention will be paid to the functionality of Net Computers (NCs™) connected by Euro-ISDN, as vehicles for an educational environment which stresses collaboration and interaction. In addition to evaluating the technical viability of client-server topologies for delivering and supporting educational multimedia, SCHEMA will examine the nature of the learning processes involved and the implications of electronic communities for social integration.
Strand 2: A learning, assessing, and evaluating environment for asynchronous Web-based courses
Authors: Barker Keith , McCartney Robert , Wurst Karl , Weiner Bob , Lancor Lisa
Published: January 2025

A methodology for web-based learning in engineering has been developed and offers an environment for educators to deliver hypermedia information in a controlled and structured way. The appropriate design of this environment was of paramount importance so that the student could navigate it in a simple and efficient manner. The system provides feedback to the student for learning assessment and feedback to the instructor and curriculum originator for course improvement. This environment has been uriliz.cd over 4 semesters to support the learning in a digital logic design laboratory. It has provided essential and supplementary material including animations, video, simulation, as well as text and graphic information.
Strand 3: The Tutorial: Combining Asynchronous and Synchronous Learning
Authors: Procter Paula M.
Published: January 2025

In order to achieve effective delivery and receipt of key course components, it was decided to embrace the use of support information and communication technologies for the delivery and receipt of tutorials. The drive for the development arose from a need to embrace student centred learning at a distance, whether that distance was 3 feet or 3,00 miles. The solution was tested on different study groups within the profession of nursing.
Description of the teacher and student preparation is given. Outlines of the four individual elements of the technology employed, these being video conferencing (not PC to PC), electronic mail, on-line discussion forum and file store.
The significance of using a combination of the media will be highlighted. The methodology employed for teachers to assist in preparing content materials for use during the tut0rial and the competencies required for managing the on-line discussion and video conference elements. In each area the option for synchronous as against asynchronous learning will be explored.
The implementation of the tutorial will be described, showing how this methodology differs from traditional tutorials. Consideration will be given to the teacher and student input over the one week duration of the tutorial.
Student responses will be given and issues arising from their comments will be highlighted. Comments from teachers having been involved in the giving of tutorials by this method will also be given along with considerations for changes to teacher preparation required as a result of the paradigm shift towards embracing information and communication technologies in reaching and learning.
In conclusion, the author will consider the potential for this method for lifelong learning and the possible implications chat it will have upon traditional summative assessment and approaches to student environments.
Strand 3: Networked learning for professional development
Authors: Sharpe Rhona , Bailey Paul
Published: January 2025

Professional development for staff in higher education is developing rapidly in response to current national developments. As staff seek support and development to cope with the changes in their students, appropriate teaching, learning and assessment methods and rising use of learning technologies, institutions must be in a position to provide relevant programmes of development. Increasingly staff will be required to evidence their own development and institutions should be able to offer suitable and accessible systems which allow them to easily document their progress and gain accreditation. As new programmes are being created and existing programmes are evolving quickly in response to these national demands, this paper reminds us of the importance of learning outcomes in design and evaluation. Two case studies which have used learning technologies on professional development programmes are presented. The first case study uses outcomes to redesign the reaching and learning in higher education course for teaching staff to a web based open learning system. The second case study uses the outcomes of a graduate reaching assistants course to evaluate the effectiveness of using a computer conferencing system. The paper intends to give a clear rationale for using learning technologies in professional development programmes and strategies for their design and evaluation. le is hoped that using learning technologies in this way, with the emphasis on outcomes will lead to more appropriate and successful use of technologies for networked professional development.
Strand 3: Teaching over the Internet
Authors: Wilson Tina , Whitelock Denise , Simpson Nicky , Greenwood Jillian
Published: January 2025

Will the Internet becoming the main delivery and communication medium for Life Long Learning? At the Open University in the United Kingdom the Internet provides teaching and learning opportunities for courses in the domains of Computing, Technology, Arts, Science, Social Science, Education and the Open Business School. This paper discusses the issues arising from the many pilot studies which have taken place to date and includes data from our larger scale survey with 29 course teams and suggests a future research agenda for this area.
Strand 3: Gender Differences in an On-line Learning Environment
Authors: Lally Vic , Barrett Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

This paper focuses upon the use of Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) in a specific learning context by a small community of postgraduate (M.Ed.) distance learners and their tutors. Content analysis of on-line dialogues was used to investigate learning and socio-emotional behaviour within this community. The data presented suggests that men and women took distinctively different roles in our on-line learning environment. Most significantly, the cognitive and metacognitive (learning) content of on-line seminar contributions by men and women was found to be similar, but their social and interactive behaviour was significantly different. In particular, it was found that within a formal on-line learning environment men sent (on average) more messages than women; they wrote messages which were twice as long as those sent by women; and made more socio-emotional contributions than women. Women, however, were found to contribute more 'interactive' messages than men. This paper concludes that the application of CMC technology to a specific learning context may reproduce gender differences within a learning community.
Strand 3: Securing the Safety Net
Authors: Tickner Sue
Published: January 2025

This paper considers the 'critical factors' involved in effective implementation of Networked Learning. These factors are examined within the institutional context of recent developments and future plans for academic professional development at the University of Glasgow.
The importance of ensuring a supportive institutional framework is discussed and some advantages of the University of Glasgow's specific culture are identified, as are some outstanding problem areas and our strategies for overcoming these. However, in times of change there will never be a perfect moment of stasis where all elements are balanced; this realisation is as important as any other.
Strand 3: Developing Self Assessment in Networked Lifelong Learning Environments
Authors: McConnell David
Published: January 2025

This paper is a contribution to our understanding of the development of professional practice in networked learning environments. In the paper I examine:

assessment processes in networked learning environments which involve the learner, their peers and a tutor in making judgements about the learner's formal course work;
the role of the tutor/teacher in these processes.

I suggest that assessment should be a learning event and that networked learning course participants should be involved in making judgements about their own and their peers' learning. The benefits to learners and tutors of these collaborative learning processes are examined and discussed.