bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dios conoce todo a priori, tiene un intelecto puro e intuitivo. La determinación kantiana de los predicados psicológicos de Dios por vía especulativa
Authors: Pelegrin Laura Alejandra
Published: September 2016

Kant afirma que Dios conoce todo a priori, que tiene un intelecto intuitivo y puro; pero el sistema crítico enseña que este aspecto de la divinidad no es cognoscible por nosotros. Entonces, ¿cómo determinar los atributos del intelecto divino si Dios mismo no puede ser objeto de conocimiento? Algunos sostienen que este modo de concebir este atributo divino debe ser comprendido a partir de las convicciones reli-giosas del filósofo. Por el contrario, mostraremos que este peculiar modo de concebir el intelecto de Dios está fundado en un argumento que Kant expone in extensoen las Lecciones de teología filosófica.
La institución de un sentimiento: un amor de Swann
Authors: Buceta Martín
Published: September 2016

Se examina la noción de institución de un sentimiento, que Merleau-Ponty expone en curso en el College de France (1954-1955), y se toma como caso ejemplar el amor, en particular, el de Swann, descrito por M. Proust. Se delinea primero la noción central de institución, para trazar luego los principales aspectos de la institución del amor y confrontar así la visión de ambos autores.
Realismo Nomológico, una forma de nomo-teísmo
Authors: Azar Roberto Miguel
Published: September 2016

Para el realismo nomológico, la mejor explicación del mundo afirma la existencia de leyes naturales que lo fundamentan. Si el estatuto de estas es controvertido, sus partidarios coinciden en que implican una adición de ser con respecto a las regularidades de Hume. Se busca mostrar cómo el argumento nomológico, que todos ellos utilizan de alguna forma, se asemeja en su estructura a diversos argumentos teístas, como el de la quinta vía de Tomás de Aquino. Ante el carácter no conclusivo del argumento, se sostiene que la adopción de un realismo nomológico proviene de una mera preferencia subjetiva.
Dispositivos estéticos y formas sensibles de la emancipación
Authors: Cadahia María Luciana
Published: September 2016

Se explora la noción de dispositivo desde una perspectiva estético-política. Se inquieren los motivos para distanciarnos de las lecturas de Agamben, Esposito y el Colectivo tiqqun,se examina la interpretación de Deleuze al respecto, en una dimensión poco conocida, y se amplía esta perspectiva hacia una concepción estética del dispositivo, atendiendo para ello a Martín-Barbero. Finalmente, se considera el vínculo problemático entre el dispositivo y la positividad estética, para acercarnos a Schiller, quien da las pautas para disolver el vínculo problemático.
Llorente, Jaime. “La especularidad de la carne. Sobre el sentido del ‘giro ontológico’ en Le Visible et l’invisible de Merleau-Ponty.”
Authors: Solano Acosta Madiedo Alejandro
Published: September 2016

Llorente, Jaime.“La especularidad de la carne. Sobre el sentido del ‘giro ontológico’ en Le Visible et l’invisible de Merleau-Ponty.” Diánoia 59.72 (2014):85-111.
Representación, empirismo y triangulación Comentario a Conocer sin representar. El realismo epistemológico de Donald Davidson de William Duica
Authors: Ávila Ignacio
Published: September 2016

En este breve comentario discuto algunos aspectos de la interpretación de la epistemología de Davidson que sugiere Willian Duica en su reciente libro. Luego de una presentación somera del libro me centro en tres asuntos centrales de la interpretación de Duica. En primer lugar, argumento que su lectura de la crítica de Davidson al dualismo esquema/contenido es muy restrictiva y deja abierta la posibilidad de un realismo directo empirista. En segundo lugar, argumento que en su lectura el propio Duica se compromete inadvertidamente con un empirismo de este tipo y, de este modo, su interpretación entra en tensión con el coherentismo de Davidson. Finalmente, discuto algunos aspectos de la interpretación que hace Duica de la tesis davidsoniana de la triangulación.
Cordero, Néstor Luis. Cuando la realidad palpitaba. La concepción dinámica del ser en la filosofía griega.
Authors: Gutiérrez Alejandro Mauro
Published: September 2016

Cordero, Néstor Luis. Cuando la realidad palpitaba. La concepción dinámica del ser en la filosofía griega. Buenos Aires: Biblos, 2014. 202 pp.
Kripke, Saul A. Reference and Existence. The John Locke Lectures.
Authors: Barrero Tomás
Published: September 2016

Kripke, Saul A. Reference and Existence. The John Locke Lectures. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. 170 pp.
López, Alberto Luis. “Berkeley: el papel de Dios en la Teoría de la visión.”
Authors: Téllez Guzmán David Camilo
Published: September 2016

López, Alberto Luis. “Berkeley: el papel de Dios en la Teoría de la visión.” Tópicos 49 (2015): 27-52.
Methodology for the collaboration in supply chains with a focus on continuous improvement
Authors: Mayer José Anselmo , Borchardt Miriam , Pereira Giancarlo Medeiros
Published: September 2016

A collaborative relationship between companies in a supply chain makes it possible to improve both the performance and the results of the companies and of the supply chain. Several studies have analyzed supply chains, but few studies have proposed the application of tools for continuous improvement in a collaborative manner within the supply chain. The objective of this work is to present a methodology for the collaboration in a supply chain with a focus on continuous improvement. Three case studies were conducted with Brazilian multinational focal companies that manufacture technology-based products. It was seen that relationships, trust, the exchange of information, and the sharing of gains and risks sustains collaborative practices focused on continuous improvement. The proposed methodology considers the need for supplier development, for the monitoring of the supplies, and for the development of a partnership for problem solving through the application of tools for continuous improvement.
A simulation model of assistants’ and technicians’ engagement in processing generated requests at a university
Authors: Lebl Aleksandar , Mitic Dragan , Perisic Djurdje , Todorovic Branislav M.
Published: September 2016

This paper presents a simulation model for the optimization of assistants’ and technicians’ engagement in a university teaching process. This model enables us to obtain the values of important parameters for the analysis of the process; even in the case of complex processes at large university departments, which cannot be easily analyzed using analytical methods. In the case when the number of technicians available is not sufficient to process all generated requests of professors and assistants, the assistants take over the processing of the requests, which cannot be processed immediately by the technicians. The characteristics of the system are compared for three different situations: when all technicians are processing the requests of all assistants and all professors; when technicians and assistants are separated in smaller groups; and when the technicians are processing only the requests of the professors and the assistants from their group.
Liberalismo, iluminismo y romanticismo: el problema de la libertad en dos novelas de la República Restaurada
Authors: Hernández Landa Valencia Verónica
Published: September 2016

El artículo propone una reflexión en torno a la forma como influyen tres corrientes de pensamiento, el liberalismo, el iluminismo y el romanticismo, en la representación del problema de la libertad en dos novelas históricas publicadas en la República Restaurada: Monja y casada, virgen y mártir, de Vicente Riva Palacio, y El pecado del siglo, de José Tomás de Cuéllar. Se busca mostrar que dichas corrientes se entrecruzan en un solo texto, que ello contribuye a la conformación de un concepto de libertad restringida y que la forma específica que adquiere ese concepto se explica a partir de la postura ideológica y política de los autores en el contexto de la República Restaurada.
La Rumba de Ángel de Campo: la Ciudad de México del siglo XIX como imaginario sonoro
Authors: Pineda Carlos
Published: September 2016

Este artículo comprende a la Ciudad de México de fines del siglo xix como un imaginario sonoro. Para analizar esta propuesta estética, la novela La Rumba, de Ángel de Campo, apodado Micrós, será el sujeto principal de análisis. Queremos evidenciar el entramado subyacente que forman las sonoridades de la cotidianeidad suburbana y la tensión dramática de la obra. Este ejercicio crítico estudia la forma en la que los cambios tecnológicos pueden modificar las estrategias narrativas y ayudar a construir aquello que se suele llamar marca de época: una suerte de tatuaje en la piel de la letra. En este marco, el artículo entiende el modo en el que Micrós utilizó diversas estrategias sensoriales, el oído, principalmente, para describir su ciudad imaginada, la ciudad imaginada por sus habitantes y aquella Ciudad de México del Porfiriato, que antes que urbe solo era un constructo ideal.
El amante inaudito: duelo, melancolía y amor intransitivo en el personaje Pedro Páramo
Authors: Rosas Martínez Alfredo
Published: September 2016

El propósito de este artículo consiste en analizar las características del duelo, la melancolía y el amor en el personaje Pedro Páramo. La muerte de su esposa, Susana San Juan, le provoca un estado de duelo. Posteriormente, el humor melancólico lo conduce a un estado de tristeza y de profunda decadencia vital. No obstante, hay un aspecto que lo reivindica: el amor. En este sentido, es fundamental la influencia de Rainer Maria Rilke a propósito del amor intransitivo (jamás correspondido). La melancolía convierte en poeta a Pedro Páramo. La bilis negra del humor melancólico le sirve como tinta oscura para dar cuenta de su amor sin respuesta, y se convierte así en un amante inaudito.
El México abismal de Roberto Bolaño
Authors: Ríos Baeza Felipe Adrián
Published: September 2016

Este trabajo de análisis no solo resalta la presencia de México, en cuanto motivo literario y espacio refractado estéticamente, en la literatura de Roberto Bolaño, cuestión que ha atraído a la mayoría de la crítica especializada, sino analiza su comportamiento y su influjo en diversos personajes, con el propósito de demostrar la hipótesis de que dicho país deviene algo más que una referencia. En su obra, México resulta un acontecimiento, como se entiende en la crítica posestructuralista, capaz de alterar la percepción de quienes allí habitan o arriban, posibilitando la invención de un territorio altamente caótico y cambiante.
Las imágenes contrastadas de la Conquista y de la Colonia en el Tratado del descubrimiento de las Indias (1589), de Juan Suárez de Peralta
Authors: Domínguez Torres Mario Alberto
Published: September 2016

El interés de este trabajo es mostrar cómo el Tratado del descubrimiento de las Indias (1589), de Juan Suárez de Peralta (1537-598), es clave para entender los cambios ocurridos entre la Conquista y la Colonia, y cómo Martín Cortés es en el mismo texto un sujeto metonímico que le permite a Suárez de Peralta explicar la transición entre una época y otra.
Review of fossiliferous localities at Antioquia department, Colombia
Authors: Valencia Giraldo Yenny Paola , Escobar Arenas Luis Carlos , Mendoza Ramirez Juliana , Delgado Sierra Daniel , Cárdenas Rozo Andrés Leonardo
Published: September 2016

Even though only 11.5% of Antioquia’s area has outcrops of sedimentary rocks, a review of the literature and the development of a digital map of fossil localities (27), allows us to conclude that the region has a great palaeontological potential. The data show that Antioquia’s fossil occurrences date from Ordovician (~ 485.4 to ~ 443.8Ma) to Quaternary (~ 2.6Ma to the Present). Moreover, there are macro-fossils belonging to different phyla (i.e. Chordata, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, Mollusca and Trachaeophyta). The oldest paleofauna in the area, consists of graptolites and trilobites recorded in Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks, whereas marine mollusks and echinoderms compose the major fossil assemblages of the Cretaceous. The paleoflora (i.e. fossil leaves and petrified wood) in the area is associated with to the Amagá Formation (Oligocene - Miocene). Finally, fossils of terrestrial vertebrates (i.e. mastodons and horses) are recorded in Quaternary deposits.
Study of the crystallization and polymorphic structures formed in oleogels from avocado oil
Authors: Pérez-Monterroza Ezequiel , Ciro-Velásquez Héctor José , Arango Tobón Julio César
Published: September 2016

The effect of the concentration of monodiglycerides, beeswax and sorbitan monostearate (SMS) on the thermal behavior of oleogels prepared from avocado oil, as well as the effect of the cooling rate on the onset temperature (Tonset) and the crystallization temperature (Tc), were evaluated by DSC and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the structuring agents have a significant effect (P<0.05) on the Tc and Tonset, which demonstrated their ability to form solid lipids. Moreover, it was found that the presence of SMS decreased the Tc and Tonset, possibly due to their cocrystallization process. It was found only in the presence of the polymorphic form b' in the oleogels prepared. The Tc varied between 1.6 and 51.4 °C and Tonset between 3.9 and 53.8 °C.
The effect of storage temperature and time on total phenolics and enzymatic activity of sapodilla (Achras sapota L.)
Authors: Mercado Camargo Jairo , Taron Dunoyer Arnulfo , García-Zapateiro Luis A.
Published: September 2016

The tropical fruits are sensitive to low storage temperatures, so optimal parameters have been searched for storage and transport for the purpose of maintaining its overall quality as long as possible to the consumer. The effect of different storage temperatures (6, 10, 15, 21 and 27 °C) and storage durations (0 to 20 d) on total phenolics and enzymatic activity of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) on sapodilla (Achras sapota L.) fruit was investigated. The extraction and quantitation of protein and phenols from fruit was performed, then the enzymatic activity of PPO, POD and CAT was determined. The concentration of total phenolics decreased in the control fruit. POD activity was 3268.7 ± 1.4 U g-1 in ripening and senescence of sapodilla stored at 27 °C. CAT activity reached a peak of 34.0 ± 0.25 U g-1 in senescence in control fruit. PPO activity remained unchanged in the ripening stage and until consumption. The best storage temperatures to prolong the post-harvest life of the sapodilla fruit were 6 °C and 10 °C when storage was at low temperatures. POD activity was inactivated during sapodilla storage at low temperatures (6 and 10 °C) and after being transferred to 27 °C the activity was reactivated. Likewise of fruits stored at 21 °C after being transferred to 27 °C the POD activity was reactive with a maximum value of 46.3 ± 0.012 U g-1. Enzyme activity decreased at low temperatures, which contributed to the preservation of the fruit, showing that the cold retards the maturation processes.
Respiration kinetic of mango (Mangifera indica L.) as function of storage temperature
Authors: Agudelo Cuartas Camilo , Restrepo Florez Claudia Estela , Zapata Montoya José Edgar
Published: September 2016

Respiration of cut mango (Mangifera Indica L.) cv. Tommy Atkins was studied using the closed system method at three temperatures (4, 20 and 35 °C). Two models were used to estimate the gas concentration, which were adjusted through non-lineal regression algorisms using Matlab R2011a software. Three mathematic models, a model based on Michaelis-Menten's enzymatic kinetics, and two models based on regression analysis, in one of which a saturation equation was included as a new proposal in this field, were set to predict the substrate respiration rate. Results made evident the positive effect of temperature on mango respiration rate. The model with the best adjustment to mango respiration rate was Michaelis-Menten's with an adjusted correlation coefficient of 0.9811 and 0.9747 for CO2 and O2 respectively, with a relative mean error lower than 10%.
Az emlőrák korszerű sebészi kezelése. III. Emlőrák-konszenzuskonferencia
Authors: Lázár György , Bursics Attila , Farsang Zoltán , Harsányi László , Kósa Csaba , Maráz Róbert , Mátrai Zoltán , Paszt Attila , Pavlovics Gábor , Tamás Róbert
Published: September 2016

Absztrakt

Az emlőrák sebészi terápiáját napjainkban és a jövőben is az egyre precízebb
diagnosztikus módszerek és az egyre hatásosabb onkológiai kezelési eljárások
határozzák meg. Az emlőmegtartás és az onkoplasztikai elvek alkalmazása egyre
szélesebb körű; az axilla sebészi kezelésében az őrszemnyirokcsomó-biopszia az
elsődleges, az axillaris blokkdissectio (ABD) indikációja tovább szűkült, és a
sugárkezelés bizonyos esetekben az ABD alternatívája lett. Közleményünkben a
III. Emlőrák-konszenzuskonferencia tartalmára épülve, a legfrissebb nemzetközi
tanulmányok és szakértői javaslatokat figyelembe véve foglaljuk össze az emlőrák
sebészi kezelésével kapcsolatos ajánlásainkat.
Gambling disorders, gambling type preferences, and psychiatric comorbidity among the Thai general population: Results of the 2013 National Mental Health Survey
Authors: Assanangkornchai Sawitri , McNeil Edward B. , Tantirangsee Nopporn , Kittirattanapaiboon Phunnapa , _ _
Published: September 2016

Background and aims

To estimate the prevalence of problem and pathological gambling, gender and age-group differences in gambling types, and comorbidities with other psychiatric disorders among the Thai general population.

Methods

Analysis was conducted on 4,727 participants of Thailand’s 2013 National Mental Health Survey, a multistage stratified cluster survey, using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Diagnoses of problem and pathological gambling and other psychiatric disorders were based on the DSM-IV-TR criteria with the following additional criteria for gamblers: more than 10 lifetime gambling episodes and a single year loss of at least 365 USD from gambling.

Results

The estimated lifetime prevalence rates of pathological and problem gambling were 0.90% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51–1.29] and 1.14% (95% CI: 0.58–1.70), respectively. The most popular type of gambling was playing lotteries [69.5%, standard error (SE) = 1.9], the prevalence of which was significantly higher among females and older age groups. The most common psychiatric disorders seen among pathological gamblers were alcohol abuse (57.4%), nicotine dependence (49.5%), and any drug use disorder (16.2%). Pathological gambling was highly prevalent among those who ever experienced major depressive episodes (5.5%), any drug dependence (5.1%), and intermittent explosive disorder (4.8%). The association between pathological gambling was strongest with a history of major depressive episode [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 10.4, 95% CI: 2.80–38.4].

Conclusion

The study confirms the recognition of gambling disorders as a public health concern in Thailand and suggests a need for culturally specific preventive measures for pathological gamblers and those with a history of substance use disorders or major depression.
Kepemimpinan dalam Masyarakat Islam di Indonesia
Authors: RS Syamsudin
Published: September 2016

This paper describes the reality of Muslims in Indonesia showed the phenomenon of diversity, both in religious understanding and in menifestasinya on religious social movements. This diversity is in line with the pluralism of Indonesian society itself, on the basis of ethnicity, language and religion. In some cases, this phenomenon is an opportunity and challenge for Muslims in Indonesia to be able to realize the ideals of the ideal leadership in sociologically and theologically.
Comment: Problems Analyzing Congress, Chronological Age, and Critical Elections
Authors: Hadley Charles D.
Published: September 2016

The above analysis by Whicker and Jewell suffers, in part, because the authors bring an extensive and very diverse literature-elections, economics, and congressional studies-to bear on the phenomenon of partisan change among congresses measured by various manipulations of the age of members of congress. While “critical elections” (Key 1955) denote periods of sharp partisan change, the authors use this terminology interchangeably with “realigning elections” (e.g., Key 1959; Chambers & Burnham 1967, 1975; Burnham 1969, 1970), even though control of the political system (in this case, congress) does not shift from one political party to another. Pomper (1967), in fact, contributed an important distinction between two types of critical elections: realigning elections, in which political control shifts from one major political party to the other, and converting elections, in which political control remains with the same political party, but derives from a different base of voter support. Taken together, realignments followed by conversions where the same political party maintains political dominance define broader sociopolitical periods tied to economic change-periods classified as the rural republic, industrializing nation, and industrial state (Ladd 1970). Whicker and Jewell”s analysis, then, calls for consistency in the terminology describing elections.
Southern Politics After the Election of Presidential Clinton: Continued Transformation Toward the Republican Party?
Authors: Hadley Charles D.
Published: September 2016

To whom does the South belong politically, now that an all-southern ticket has reclaimed the White House for the Democratic party? Review of 1992 voting returns for national, statewide, and legislative races in the South, contrasted with those from earlier presidential years, lead to only one conclusion: the South continues to move toward the Republican party. The Clinton-Gore ticket ran behind its percentage of the national vote in most southern states, as well as behind all Democratic candidates in statewide races, and would have won without any southern electoral votes; whereas Bush-Quayle ran ahead of their percentage of the national vote in every southern state except Clinton’s Arkansas, while Republicans gained seats in southern legislatures and congressional delegations. It is suggested that southern electoral college votes won by Democratic presidential candidates in 1976 and 1992 hinged upon Democratic vote-getters in races for statewide offices in each state carried except the presidential candidates’ home states.
The Clinton Promise and Style
Authors: English Art
Published: September 2016

This article argues through an analysis of Bill Clinton’s political career and rhetoric in Arkansas that Clinton is a president of much promise. Clinton’s rhetoric and political skill set the stage for many of his achievements as governor. As governor Clinton tended to work slowly and carefully to build consensus before he acted. Given the many pitfalls of the modern presidency, it is argued that Clinton will have to guard against being perceived as an overcautious and indecisive president lest his rhetoric have a hollow ring. To be successful in the systemically cynical context in which modern American politics takes place, a president must convey to the citizenry a deep commitment to the principles of his program and be perceived as a strong and successful advocate for them. Modern presidents must be perceived as committed to programmatic action-otherwise they will be one term presidents.
Intergovernmental Programs Under President Clinton
Authors: Hy Ronald John , Veasey R. Lawson
Published: September 2016

The Clinton administration was elected with a mandate for change. This essay speculates on the projected impact of Clinton’s plans on the intergovernmental relationship. Specifically, the various components of federal support for intergovernmental activity are discussed in relation to Daniel Elazar’s classic typology of federal aid. During the campaign and transition phases, Clinton was perceived by some as a “tax and spend” Democrat. The research below contradicts that popular wisdom and suggests the probability of a leaner, more nationally-directed system of aid for sub-national authorities. Ultimately, under the Clinton administration the competition for intergovernmental support may prove more fierce than it was in the 1980s.
The Federal Judiciary and the Clinton Administration: A Potential for Ideological Change
Authors: McInnis Tom N.
Published: September 2016

After twelve years of Republican control of the executive branch, President Clinton is inheriting a judicial branch in which seventy percent of all judges have been appointed by Presidents Reagan and Bush. By all accounts, the cohort of judges appointed by Reagan and Bush has resulted in conservative decisions. The ability of President Clinton to reverse this trend is examined here by focusing on four factors: Clinton’s commitment to make ideologically-based appointments; the number of appointments Clinton will be able to make; Clinton’s political clout; and the judicial climate Clinton inherited. It concludes that Clinton will be able to appoint a substantial percentage of the federal judiciary in a first term of office, allowing him to have a sizeable impact on the future direction of the federal judiciary.
Commentary on "Congressional Informal Groups as Representative Responsiveness"
Authors: Hammond Susan Webb
Published: September 2016

“Congressional Informal Groups as Representative Responsiveness” by Arturo Vega focuses on an interesting topic-congressional caucuses-and examines an important theoretical concept-representation-using a new data set that he has gathered. In the contemporary era, congressional caucuses-voluntary groups of members of Congress, without formal recognition in chamber rules or line-item appropriations that seek a role in the policy process-are increasingly salient congressional actors. The number of caucuses has increased dramatically during the 1980s; about 140 operated during the 102nd Congress (1991-1992). It is not surprising that caucuses have flourished during the 1970s and 1980s, two decades of structural decentralization during which members of Congress often pursued individual goals at the expense of collective action. I have argued elsewhere that caucuses, particularly in this environment, assist members in achieving individual goals and also help Congress achieve institutional goals (Hammond 1989). Vega’s focus on caucuses is useful.
State-Producer Group Relations and Economic Policy Formation in Postindustrial Society
Authors: Gobeyn Mark
Published: September 2016

This paper examines recent attempts to link the emergence of postindustrial/postmaterialist public value structures to the recent decline of corporatist policymaking and interest intermediation practices in western Europe. It is argued that the decline of corporatist forms in Europe can be linked more persuasively to the economic transformation commonly ascribed to the postindustrial phenomenon, than to the “societal value changes” that accompanied that transformation. It is argued here that, in forcing greater discipline upon labor, the structural economic features of postindustrial society have pre-empted the functional role of postwar corporatist political structures. Consequently, capitalists appear no longer willing to maintain centralized concertative linkages with trade unions within state policymaking structures.
Deduced and Abandoned: Rational Expectations, the Investment Theory of Political Parties, and the Myth of the Median Voter
Authors: Ferguson Thomas
Published: September 2016

In the turbulent Spring of 1919, Bronson Cutting, a wealthy “Progressive” who controlled one of New Mexico’s leading newspapers, decided to throw in with the enthusiasts who were pushing General Leonard Wood for the 1920 Republican presidential nomination. For a few months Cutting and likeminded local acquaintances worked by themselves, in virtual isolation, for the General, who was widely perceived as the heir to the mantle of the recently deceased Theodore Roosevelt.
Political Parties and Political Mobilization
Authors: Conway M. Margaret
Published: September 2016

One of the tales told about American political parties is that Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, desiring to create an institution uniting sup-porters of their beliefs about the means and ends of government, set off from their Virginia plantations on what was described to inquisitive journalists as an expedition to gather botanical specimens. Instead of collecting specimens, however, they are alleged to have created the original specimen of the modern political party.
Political Attitudes of the American Professoriate Toward the Persian Gulf War
Authors: Shepherd Gary , Shepherd Gordon
Published: September 2016

Based on a national random sample of 657 college professors, indexes were constructed to measure faculty support for U.S. military involvement in the 1991 Persian Gulf War (IRAQHAWK), justifications for U.S. military actions (USJUST), opposition to the war (IRAQDOVE), justifications for Iraqi actions (IRAQJUST), and willingness to consider active protest against the war (GULFPROTEST). Principal findings showed that (1) college professors were less supportive of the war than the American public as a whole, (2) faculty liberalism was associated with greater disapproval of the war, (3) faculty responses to the war varied by academic discipline, with those in the social sciences and humanities least likely to support the war, and (4) cohort effects were relatively weak, but older faculty were most likely to support the war. Implications of this last result are discussed with respect to a statistically dominant cohort of Vietnam generation faculty in contemporary academia.
The European Community as an Agent of Reform: EC Admission Criteria and Romania
Authors: Roper Steven D.
Published: September 2016

This analysis examines the role o f the European Community in the transition to democracy and a market economy in Romania. Specifically, the EC admission criteria developed during the second enlargement (viz., the democratic reform of. economic transformation of. and foreign policy of applicant states) are applied to a case study o f Romania in order to understand why Romania was offered associate membership in the EC. It is found that both EC and Romanian officials see Romania's associate membership as a vehicle for further political and economic reform within that country. An implication is that the EC may view further Southeastern enlargement as a hedge against instability in the region.
Senate Delegations and Federalism: The Dynamics of State Representation
Authors: Markwood Christopher L. , Malaby Michael R.
Published: September 2016

The integrity of the individual states as components of the United States" system of federalism depends upon effective representation of the states interests at the national level. The states’ delegations to the U.S. Senate are of prime importance in this capacity, especially when deciding between federal authority and state discretion. We find that the votes of state delegations to the 101st U.S. Senate on issues of federalism can be broken into four conceptual areas, and that the effectiveness of the representation of state federalism interests depends upon the specific federalism concept under consideration.
An Evaluation of County Life: A Survey of County Administrative Officials
Authors: Traut Carol Ann , Sutton Bob
Published: September 2016

County government increasingly has become the focus of research. Not only do counties continue their roles as administrative arms of their states but they also are major service providers to their residents. This is especially true in less populated states. This study presents the views of elected county officials in a rural state on the quality of life in, and the major problems faced by, their counties. We find that how these officials view conditions in their counties is very much influenced by both the county population and the geographic location of the county. It is concluded that policymakers need to consider the varying needs of rural and urban populations as well as the variations within each rural and urban area.
"Hacks" and "Long Hairs": The Question of a DNC Research Division, 1948-1952
Authors: Savage Sean J.
Published: September 2016

Since the American Political Science Association's 1950 report on the American two-party system, political scientists have concentrated on the conditions, behavior, functions, and objectives of national party organizations. Besides examining organizational and functional changes, political scientists have also explored the different styles o f and motives for participation in party organizations by different types o f party activists, especially the differences between reformers and regulars. This study explains a prolonged conflict over the creation o f a permanent research division for the Democratic National Committee headquarters during the Truman administration. It analyzes the different perspectives and roles o f "hacks,” i.e., party regulars, and "long hairs," i.e., the researchers and their White House allies, during this struggle. The framework o f this case study and the different political actors examined may be used to analyze similar conflicts over organizational changes in party structures during other presidencies. This article concludes that the current research and publicity activities o f the DNC under chairman David Wilhelm will seek to alleviate differences between party regulars and issue activists as it tries to identify the Clinton administration's more centrist domestic policy goals with the Democratic party.
Trade Politics and the Fast Track: Impact on Congressional-Presidential Relations
Authors: Daynes Byron W. , Sussman Glen
Published: September 2016

Congress and the President share responsibility for trade policy. While Congress has constitutional advantages in controlling trade, the President, through his powers to initiate and administer policy, can counteract these advantages and circumvent Congressional checks on presidential action. Methods for making trade policy—treaty making, executive agreement and fast tracking—bring the President and Congress into very different relationships. Fast tracking is an arrangement between Congress and the President that brings closure to multilateral and bilateral trade agreements without burdening the agreement with Congressional amendments. Under fast tracking, the President shapes trade policy from beginning to end; the Congress, which only has input through its elite trade committees, only can accept or reject such policy, without altering it. This makes fast tracking the latest and in some ways the most critical mechanism of presidential dominance in trade policy. Such a process has policy implications for members of Congress and threatens to change how Congresspersons govern and represent their constituencies. By altering the extent to which a member of Congress can shape trade policy, fast tracking potentially frustrates legislative representation, reduces Congress to a passive institution of response, and thus poses a major challenge to the traditional relationship between the President and Congress.
Southern Republican Subnational Advancement: The Redistricting Explanation
Authors: Aistrup Joseph A.
Published: September 2016

Implicit in numerous explanations concerning the Republicans’ problems in the South is the rationale that the Democrats gerrymander away any Republican gains. However, with the enforcement of provisions o f the Voting Rights Act, others have found evidence that it is the Republicans who gain from the redistricting process. This article tests these propositions by analyzing the extent o f bias and the swing ratio for southern state legislative contests both before and after the 1970s and the 1980s redistricting, respectively, as well as controlling for single-member (SMD) and multimember (MMD) districts. We find that the orthodoxy described above is not strongly supported. The district lines for contested elections were not substantially biased toward the Democrats in the first place, and the bias of the representational system does not show a substantial movement toward the GOP after the switch from MMDs to SMDs. Democrats appear to benefit from redistricting as a result of a decline in the swing ratio, thus making their incumbents better protected from aggregate swings in voter preference.
The First Modern Presidential Campaign: Polling the Primary Voters for JFK
Authors: Altschuler Bruce E.
Published: September 2016

By its use o f television and polling in a series of contested primaries. John F. Kennedy’s (JFK) 1960 campaign is considered the first modern presidential campaign. This article examines the use of surveys in Wisconsin and West Virginia to determine their importance and usefulness in his successful nomination. Was the advice of pollster Louis Harris useful in the allocation of resources? Should he have seen the problems that the campaign eventually faced, especially that of anti-Catholicism in West Virginia? And, given the advances in polling today, is JFK's experience relevant to current presidential campaigns?
Political Conversations in the United States: Who Talks to Whom, Why, and Why Not
Authors: Bennett Stephen Earl , Fisher Bonnie , Resnick David
Published: September 2016

Although normative political theorists have argued that citizens talking with other citizens about public affairs is essential in a democracy, empirically oriented political scientists have tended to ignore political discussions. This paper draws on National Election Studies and General Social Surveys to plumb the extent and breadth of political conversations in the U.S. We also explore who talks about public affairs, with whom they speak, and why some people avoid discussing politics. A logit analysis of pooled National Election Studies from 1984 to 1992 shows that some factors typically thought to affect taking part in politics are not significant predictors of the probability that people will engage in political discussions, but other variables not normally included in participation models do affect talking about politics.
Electoral Competition and Legislative Minority Parties: Schlesinger’s Parties in a Legislative Setting
Authors: Little Thomas H.
Published: September 2016

According to Joseph A. Schlesinger, modem American political parties are driven by the desire to win office, and policy objectives are secondary. The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of minority legislative parties in the context of Schlesinger’s market- based definition of political parties. The objective of this paper is to determine if institutional competition has similar consequences for legislative parties as individual competition has for individual candidates. Analysis of the senate minority parties in Maryland, North Carolina, Delaware, Virginia and Ohio reveals that institutional interparty competition and the probability of gaining majority status have a dramatic effect on the nature, influence, organization and cohesion of minority parties. Noncompetitive minorities tend to give little emphasis to the external and campaign responsibilities of the party organization, are not penalized for their minority status, are poorly organized and tend not to vote along party lines. On the other hand, competitive minorities give great attention to the elections, are highly organized and vote in a cohesive manner. Ironically, increased corporate party organization and activity are accompanied by decreased individual influence and success for members of the minority party.
Associational Rights of the Major Political Parties: A Political and Jurisprudential Dead End
Authors: Lowenstein Daniel H.
Published: September 2016

When Senator Bill Bradley (D-N.J.) announced that he would not run for a fourth term, he said the political system was "broken" and added that Neither political party speaks to people where they live their lives. . . . Both have moved away from my own concept of service and my own idea of what America can be (Levy 1995). Although the source of these strong sentiments may have been surprising, the sentiments themselves cannot have been remarkable to anyone who has lived in the United States for the past couple of decades, which have been a time of collapsing public confidence in political leaders and institutions.
A simplified table for staging embryos of the pipid frog Pipa arrabali
Authors: ARAÚJO OLÍVIA G.S. , HADDAD CÉLIO F.B. , SILVA HÉLIO R. DA , PUGENER LOURDES A.
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Pipa is a Neotropical genus of frogs that dwell in freshwater environments. It includes four species that lack free-swimming larvae (P. aspera, P. arrabali, P. pipa, and P. snethlageae) and three with tadpoles (P. carvalhoi, P. myersi, and P. parva). Developmental tables such as the one proposed by Nieuwkoop and Faber might be useful for Pipa species with tadpoles. However, for the other Pipa species, to determine stages by this table or by any of the tables already prepared for frogs without tadpoles (e.g., Crinia nimbus, Eleutherodactylus coqui, and Oreobates barituensis) is impossible. By using embryonic, juvenile, and subadult specimens, we generated a staging table for P. arrabali, from the moment limb buds were first observed until birth, based on diagnostic features such as snout-vent length; growth, morphology, and reabsorption of the external tail; growth and differentiation of fore and hind limbs; development of intestine and vent tube; position of the angle of the mouth relative to nostrils and eyes; and color of preserved individuals. Based on these observations, we discuss some noteworthy traits (e.g., posture of hands and feet). We also compare the pattern of development of P. arrabali with that of other anuran species (with and without tadpoles).
The value of anterior displacement of the abdominal aorta in diagnosing neuroblastoma in children
Authors: Schiavon Jose Luiz de Oliveira , Caran Eliana Maria Monteiro , Odone Filho Vicente , Lederman Henrique Manoel
Published: September 2016

Abstract Objective: To determine the value of anterior displacement of the abdominal aorta, when present at any level or only at the level of the adrenal gland, contralateral to the mass, in diagnosing neuroblastoma on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in children up to 7 years of age. Materials and Methods: Imaging examinations of 66 patients were classified by consensus as for the presence of anterior aorta displacement and were compared with the pathology report. Results: We found anterior abdominal aorta displacement in 26 (39.39%) of the 66 patients evaluated. Among those 26 patients, we identified neuroblastoma in 22 (84.62%), nephroblastoma in 3 (11.54%), and Burkitt lymphoma in 1 (3.85%). The positive predictive value was 84.62%, and the specificity was 88.24%. The displacement of the aorta was at the adrenal level, contralateral to the mass, in 14 cases, all of which were attributed to neuroblastoma. Conclusion: When the abdominal aorta is displaced at the level of the adrenal gland, contralateral to the mass, it can be said that the diagnosis is neuroblastoma, whereas abdominal aorta displacement occurring at other abdominal levels has a positive predictive value for neuroblastoma of approximately 85%.
Collagen, fibrinogen and thrombin biological addesive is effective in treating experimental liver injuries
Authors: OLIVEIRA FREDERICO MICHELINO DE , CARVALHO MARCUS VINÍCIUS H. DE , MARCHI EVALDO , PINTO CLÓVIS ANTÔNIO LOPES
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Objective : to evaluate the effectiveness of a collagen-based adhesive associated with fibrinogen and thrombin in experimental liver injury in rats. Methods : the study included 30 Wistar rats randomly divided into three groups: A, B and C. All underwent standard liver traumatic injury. In group A the lesion was treated with the adhesive; in group B, with conventional absorbable suture; and in group C, there was no treatment. We analyzed the time of hemostasis, mortality, occurrence of adhesions and any histological changes. Results : there was no statistical difference in relation to mortality (p = 0.5820). The group treated with the adhesive showed the lowest hemostasis times (p = 0.0573, odds ratio 13.5) and lower incidence of adhesions (p = 0.0119). Microscopic histological alterations of Groups A and B were similar, with foreign body granuloma formation separating the adhesive material or the suture from the hepatic stroma. Conclusion : the adhesive of collagen associated with fibrinogen and thrombin was effective in the treatment of experimental hepatic injury, providing a lower incidence of adhesions between the liver and surrounding structures.
Bronchial fistula closure with negative pressure wound therapy: a feasible and cost-effective treatment
Authors: NUNES RODRIGO BARBOZA , MÜLLER NETO BRUNO FRANCISCO , CIPRIANO FEDERICO ENRIQUE GARCIA , COLTRO PEDRO SOLER , FARINA JÚNIOR JAYME ADRIANO
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Treatment of bronchial fistula (BF) after pulmonary lobectomy is a challenge. Often, patients require long hospital stay, have recurrent empyema and pneumonia, are susceptible to sepsis, often need broad-spectrum antibiotics, as well as various surgical approaches. With the advent and growing evidence of the benefits of negative pressure therapy (NPT), its use in some patients with BF has been reported with encouraging results concerning its feasibility and cost-effectiveness. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the application of NPT as a resource for BF treatment and comparatively analyze the overall cost of treatment.
SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF SINGLE ANASTOMOSIS DUODENAL SWITCH PROCEDURE: PRELIMINARY RESULT FROM A SINGLE INSTITUTION
Authors: NELSON Lars , MOON Rena C. , TEIXEIRA Andre F. , GALVÃO Manoel , RAMOS Almino , JAWAD Muhammad A.
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Background: Single anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) was introduced into bariatric surgery by Sanchez-Pernaute et al. as an advancement of the biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch. Aim: To evaluate the SADI-S procedure with regard to weight loss, comorbidity resolution, and complication rate in the super obese population. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on initial 72 patients who underwent laparoscopic or robot-assisted laparoscopic SADI-S between December 17th, 2013 and July 29th, 2015. Results: A total of 48 female and 21 male patients were included with a mean age of 42.4±10.0 years (range, 22-67). The mean body mass index (BMI) at the time of procedure was 58.4±8.3 kg/m2 (range, 42.3-91.8). Mean length of hospital stay was 4.3±2.6 days (range, 3-24). Thirty-day readmission rate was 4.3% (n=3), due to tachycardia (n=1), deep venous thrombosis (n=1), and viral gastroenteritis (n=1). Thirty-day reoperation rate was 5.8% (n=4) for perforation of the small bowel (n=1), leakage (n=1), duodenal stump leakage (n=1), and diagnostic laparoscopy (n=1). Percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL) was 28.5±8.8 % (range, 13.3-45.0) at three months (n=28), 41.7±11.1 % (range, 19.6-69.6) at six months (n=50), and 61.6±12.0 % (range, 40.1-91.2) at 12 months (n=23) after the procedure. A total of 18 patients (26.1%) presented with type II diabetes mellitus at the time of surgery. Of these patients, 9 (50.0%) had their diabetes resolved, and six (33.3%) had it improved by 6-12 months after SADI-S. Conclusions: SADI-S is a feasible operation with a promising weight loss and diabetes resolution in the super-obese population.
Utilização do método hidrotérmico assistido por micro-ondas na síntese de catalisadores a base de SnO2 dopados com nióbio
Authors: Valois R. R. S. , Oliveira M. M. , Rangel J. H. G. , Vasconcelos J. S. , Mendonça C. J. S. , Maciel A. P. , Longo E.
Published: September 2016

Resumo A síntese de nanopartículas de óxido de estanho dopado com nióbio pelo método hidrotermal assistido por micro-ondas foi investigada, utilizando como precursores o etóxido de nióbio e pentóxido de nióbio. Os catalisadores obtidos foram aplicados na reação de esterificação do ácido oleico. Através das técnicas de difração de raios X, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, espectrometria de energia dispersiva de raios X e espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier, as características estruturais e morfológicas dos pós foram analisadas. A aplicação dos catalisadores resultou em um rendimento de 41,6% de oleato de metila.