bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Produk Penghimpunan Dana Simpanan Mudharabah
Authors: Rosyida Annisa
Published: November 2022

Di dalam Al-Qur'an kata mudharabah tidak disebutkan sejarah jelas. Al-Qur'an hanya mengungkapkan mustaq dari kata dharaba sebanyak 58 kali. Di antara jumlah itu, terdapat kata yang dijadikan oleh sebagian besar ulama fiqh sebagai akar kata dari mudharabah, yaitu kata dharaba fi al ardh yang artinya berjalan di muka bumi. Mereka menganggap bahwa yang dimaksud berjalan di muka bumi ini adalah bepergian berjalan ke suatu wilayah untuk sebuah perdagangan.Sementara dalam hadis, akar kata mudharabah (dharabah) juga banyak disebutkan, namun memiliki arti yang bermacam-macam, misalnya; harta mudhaariba al qaum, sehingga kami memerangi kaum tersebut. Dharaba di sini berarti perang atau jihad. "Kana yaqdhi fi al mudharib illa biqadha'ain, kata dharaba di sini pun tidak menunjukkan arti mudharabah yang kenal sekarang."
A Generic Implementation Framework for School-based Research and Practice
Authors: Komesidou Rouzana , Hogan Tiffany P.
Published: November 2022

Purpose: Our biggest challenge is putting evidence-based research into everyday practice to serve students with communication disorders. To encourage the systematic application of research findings into practice, implementation science offers frameworks and tools, many of which have a narrow scope. Comprehensive frameworks that consider all core concepts of implementation are necessary to support multiple implementation purposes. Method: Following the template developed by Moullin and colleagues (2015), we reviewed implementation science literature to identify relevant frameworks, tools, and resources for all core concepts of implementation: (1) process of implementation; (2) the domains and determinants of practice; (3) implementation strategies; and (4) evaluations. Results: We created GIF-School, a generic implementation framework for school-based research and practice, which brings together frameworks and tools to cover all core concepts of implementation. Additionally, we created an open-access toolkit to operationalize and arrange frameworks, tools, and useful resources according to the core concepts of implementation. Conclusions: Researchers and practitioners who seek to apply implementation science frameworks and tools to improve school services for students with communication disorders may turn to GIF-School as a resource.
Holistic Outpost Design for Lunar Lava Tubes
Authors: Vock Anna , Nilsson Tommy
Published: November 2022

As the space industry continues its rapid development, humanity is poised to expand beyond Low Earth Orbit (LEO), seeking to establish permanent presence on the Moon and beyond. While space travel has traditionally been the domain of a small number of highly specialized professionals, a new era of human exploration, involving non-space actors and stakeholders, is now becoming a reality. In spite of this development, most space habitats are still designed for a narrow target group. This paper seeks to address this deficit by rethinking the established design approaches, typically limited to tackling engineering and challenges of human space exploration (such as radiation or hypogravity), by instead adopting an interdisciplinary "big picture" perspective encompassing social, psychological and cultural aspects of future space habitats. By elaborating and reflecting on our concept, this paper seeks to demonstrate the importance of a trans-disciplinary approach to designing thriving sustainable colonies beyond LEO. We demonstrate the potentially key role of design as mediator in advancing macro-strategies promoting thriving existence and sustainable growth. With this approach we tackle big-picture questions about humanity's future and prospects amongst the stars.
A fox in the henhouse: the influence of lifespan on the study of health and healthspan
Authors: Sinha Drew , Pittman Will E , Pincus Zachary S
Published: November 2022

Modern aging biology aims to understand how health and morbidity evolve over an individual’s life. To conceptualize health and “healthspan” in different ways that may be useful for biological or sociological study, several common analyses quantify lifetime health using statistics that combine measures of health and lifespan. While such efforts appear reasonable, we argue that such statistics confuse what types of processes contribute to health and lifespan; and, in fact, they risk circular reasoning by treating as an assumption what is in fact a very specific hypothesis: that lifespan and healthspan are tightly correlated. While this hypothesis is not impossible a priori, it remains a matter of active debate. Such hypotheses must not be unwittingly smuggled into the literature as hidden assumptions of specific analytic techniques. Consequently, we caution against generally quantifying lifetime health by any metric that combines both healthspan and argue that investigators should not mix longevity statistics with health measurements.
Reading the Mind in the Nose
Authors: Broda Maximilian Davide , de Haas Benjamin
Published: November 2022

Humans infer mental states and traits from faces and their expressions. Previous research focused on the role of eyes and mouths in this process, even though most observers fixate somewhere in between. Here, we report that ratings of the nose region are surprisingly consistent with those for the full face and even with subjective feelings of the nose bearer. We propose the nose as central to faces and their perception.
dockerHDDM: A user-friendly environment for Bayesian Hierarchical Drift-Diffusion Modeling
Authors: Pan Wanke , Geng Haiyang , Zhang Lei , Fengler Alexander , Frank Michael , ZHANG RU-YUAN , Chuan-Peng Hu
Published: November 2022

Drift diffusion models (DDMs) are pivotal in understanding evidence accumulation decision-making processes during decision-making across psychology, behavioral economics, neuroscience, and psychiatry. Hierarchical drift diffusion models (HDDM), a Python library for hierarchical Bayesian estimation of DDMs (Wiecki et al., 2013), has been widely used among researchers, including those with limited coding proficiency, in fitting DDMs and other sequential sampling models. However, issues of compatibility in installation and lack of support for more recently Bayesian modeling functionalities poses serious challenges for new users, limiting broader adaptation and reproducibility of HDDM. To address these issues, we created dockerHDDM, a user-friend computational environment for HDDM with new features. dockerHDDM brings three improvements: (1) easy-to-install once docker is installed, ensuring reproducibility and saving time for researchers; (2) compatible with machine with apple chips; (3) seamlessly integration with ArviZ, a state-of-the-art Bayesian modeling library. This tutorial serves as a practical, hands-on guide for researchers to leverage dockerHDDM’s capabilities in conducting efficient Bayesian hierarchical analysis of DDMs. The notebook presented here and within the docker image will enable researchers with various programming levels to model their data with HDDM.
Applications of mindfulness and/or compassion interventions for people who stutter: A systematic review
Authors: Haitani Tomosumi
Published: November 2022

Introduction: People who stutter (PWS) often suffer from psychological difficulties in addition to stuttering symptoms. Recently, mindfulness and compassion interventions have been applied to PWS to ameliorate these difficulties. The present study aimed to systematically review the applications of these interventions.Methods: Empirical studies applying mindfulness and/or compassion to PWS were included. Database (PubMed, CiNii), registry (CENTRAL, ICTRP, ClinicalTrials.gov), Google scholar, citation, and manual searches were conducted (last searched on November 10, 2021). Adjusted standardized mean differences (SMDs) were presented through forest plots. Risk of bias was assessed through a tool developed by the National Institutes of Health. Results: Eighteen studies (n = 195, excluding controls) were included. Ten studies, all of which showed some risk of bias, allowed calculation of SMDs of pre-post comparison. Some SMDs calculated in certain studies which were potentially less affected by bias appeared consistent with those in previous studies. Mindfulness has been used in several different treatments including speech treatments. A clinical trial of self-compassion is ongoing.Discussion: Mindfulness interventions have been applied to PWS in several treatment approaches and can have beneficial impacts. However, there is a risk of bias, including bias potentially caused by questionable research practices and publication and/or reporting bias.
Behavioral Indices of Effort Discounting are Related to Creative Accomplishment and Problem-Solving and to Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Johnson Sheri L , Ironside Manon Louise , Clark Luke , Michalak Erin E. , Hsu Ming , Poh Caden
Published: November 2022

Drawing on literature linking bipolar disorder to both creativity and heightened motivation, our aim was to examine whether heightened motivation might contribute to creativity in those with and without bipolar disorder. To examine this, we recruited persons diagnosed with bipolar disorder (n = 49), and persons with no diagnosis of bipolar disorder (n = 37), with over-sampling of those from creative occupations. We gathered measures of lifetime creative accomplishment (Creative Accomplishment Questionnaire), willingness to persist as a creativity task became increasingly difficult (the Compound Remote Associates task) divergent thinking (Unusual Uses Test), self-rated high ambitions (The Willingly Approached Set of Statistically Unlikely Pursuits scale)) and a behavioral measure of willingness to exert physical effort for reward (the Effort Discounting Task). In multiple linear regression models controlling for age and examining the unique effects of the motivation variables, two behavioral indicators from the Effort Discounting task related to creativity. That is, insensitivity to the level of effort required related to higher lifetime creative accomplishment. Insensitivity to the level of reward that could be obtained correlated with more willingness to persist on the creativity task and was higher in the bipolar group than the control comparison group. In sum, effort-based decision-making was related to bipolar disorder, to lifetime creative accomplishment, and to performance on a difficult creativity task. As such, this work contributes to a growing body of research on the role of motivation in creativity. Limitations are discussed. Author note: As of submission to PsyArXiv (11/1/22), the present manuscript has been submitted for publication but has not yet been accepted or modified through the publication process.
Anxiety and Emotion Regulation in Young People with Williams Syndrome and Down Syndrome During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Global Study
Authors: Sideropoulos Vasileios , Sokhn Nayla , Palikara Olympia , Van Herwegen Jo , Samson Andrea C.
Published: November 2022

Young people with neurodevelopmental conditions (NDCs) have been reported to experience increased levels of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. In our study, we document how young people with Down Syndrome (DS; N=557) and Williams syndrome (WS, N=247) experienced the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic across the world. Using multilevel linear mixed regressions, we studied (a) parental reported anxiety of young people with DS and WS, (b) these young people’s specific concerns, and (c) their use and efficacy of emotion regulation (ER) strategies. Predictors of anxiety, such as the age of the individual with NDC, type of condition, and time, were investigated. Young people with WS experienced higher levels of anxiety compared to those with DS and the older the people with NDC were, the more anxiety they experienced. In terms of concerns, group effects indicated that young people with WS scored higher for most of the concerns. Higher financial concerns were found in males compared to females, whereas most of the concerns increased with age except for concerns about loss of institutional support and family conflict. Finally, significant group effects were found and indicated a more frequent use of a variety of adaptive and maladaptive ER strategies in young people with WS. We only identified group differences in ER efficacy for two strategies: isolation/withdrawal was more efficient for young people with DS, while repetitive behaviours were more efficient for young people with WS. Our results indicate that young people with WS are likely to exhibit higher levels of anxiety, but also of concerns depending on their age and gender. Similarly, young people with WS use a variety of ER strategies more frequently but these strategies are not necessarily more efficient for them. We discuss the impact of these findings in relation to anxiety identification and support across young people with NDCs.
Characteristics of Students Participating in Collegiate Recovery Programs and the Impact of COVID-19: An Updated National Longitudinal Study
Authors: Smith Rebecca L. , Bannard Thomas , Collaborative Recovery Science Research , Aliev Fazil , Brown Austin , Holliday Erica , Vest Noel , DeFrantz-Dufor Waltrina , Dick Danielle
Published: November 2022

The goals of the present study were to use data from the first national longitudinal study of students in collegiate recovery programs (CRPs) to 1) provide an updated characterization of CRP students, with respect to demographics and past problem severity; 2) characterize current psychosocial functioning and examine changes in functioning over time; and 3) examine the impact of COVID-19 on CRP students. Data came from a longitudinal cohort study focused on the impact of CRPs on participating students’ success initiated in fall 2020. Four-year universities and community colleges with CRPs were invited to be partners on this project. Three cohorts of participants were recruited. All participants who completed the baseline survey (N = 334) were invited to complete follow-up surveys. The sample was composed of mostly White, cisgender undergraduate students with an average age of 29 years at baseline. CRP students generally reported challenging personal and academic histories, including high levels of polysubstance use and substance problem severity. They evidenced high levels of current psychosocial functioning. Recovery-related functioning (i.e., recovery capital, quality of life) was generally high at baseline and decreased slightly over time. COVID-19 represented a substantial source of stress for many CRP students, impacting some individuals’ abstinence. These results from the first national longitudinal study of CRP students parallel findings from other cross-sectional and/or CRP-specific studies and provide novel insights into the stability of recovery functioning. These results can advance our understanding and characterization of the national CRP student population, with the ability to examine recovery-related constructs over time.
An Innovative Faculty Intervention at HBCUs: Self Care, Writing as a Practice and Building Community
Authors: Hollowell Gail , Kendall Brooks Lauren D. , Malik Malik , Talley Jessye , Ho Lisa Yen Zheng , Chatman Michelle C. , Talley Cheryl P.
Published: November 2022

The HBCU STEM Undergraduate Success (STEM-US) Research Center, funded in 2020 by the National Science Foundation, was created to gain an understanding of what types of academic interventions work at Historically Black Colleges and Universities and why they work. For all of us in higher education, teaching, research, and scholarly production have been greatly impacted by COVID-19. The response to the new normal has been particularly taxing for faculty at HBCUs. Recent public displays of blatant anti-black sentiment not only adds to our own stress load but has served to exacerbate the emotional needs of our students. The additional strain of the pandemic response added to already stressed organizational systems at HBCU’s. All of which has compelled HBCU faculty to re-examine how we relate to our work, our families and ourselves. The value of ‘sharing our stories’ lies within the deep relationships fostered among the HBCU faculty that are in partnership with the STEM US Center’s research arm, the Analytic Hub. By supporting Communities of Practice, the Hub provides the opportunity to share information on aspects of the Science of Teaching and Learning that are applicable to HBCUs in an open and transparent manner. One of the Hub’s faculty development initiatives is called the CareFull Scholars Program which seeks to encourage adoption of practices that provide exceptional productivity while at the same time emphasizing enhanced health and well-being. This model is based on the premise that we can be scholarly and productive in a healthy and generative way while also centering self-care and collaborative relationships within our working lives. This paper is a reflective account of the inauguration of the CareFull Scholars community of practice. This post-pandemic intervention for faculty productivity promoted self-care through daily writing. We learned that by creating mental, emotional, physical and technical structures of support, daily writing could be easily adopted and with accountability from a caring community be sustained over time.
The Effect of Financial Stress on Inhibitory Control and Economic Decisions - Stage 1 Registered Report
Authors: Hughes Bradley T , Ludwig Rita M. , Berkman Elliot
Published: November 2022

Financial scarcity, both real and imagined, is associated with impaired executive functions and present-focused economic decisions. What is the mechanism that connects the lack of financial resources to these cognitive and behavioral effects? The present work will test the hypothesis that the experience of financial stress contributes to these deficits by reducing executive functions related to self-control and causing present-focused, real-world economic decisions. In a preliminary experiment (N = 215), we found support for the hypothesis that financial stress (as compared to social stress) causes a reduction in inhibitory control performance. In a registered study, we will recruit participants from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds and assess their inhibitory control performance before and after a financial stress manipulation, and assess their economic preferences via both a survey and real-world measure of temporal discounting. Similar results in the proposed study would provide evidence that financial stress can help explain SES-based differences in self-control.
Political Competition and Judicial Independence: How Courts Fill the Void When Legislatures Are Ineffective
Authors: Sasso Greg , Boston Joshua , Duck-Mayr JBrandon , Carlson David
Published: November 2022

What effect does political competition have in generating de facto judicial independence? Weargue that competition in a legislature can drive increases in de facto judicial independence.Our game-theoretic model reveals that increased competition for seats impedes legislators’ability to enact their platforms, regardless of government turnover probability; and increasedlegislative fractionalization also makes court intervention more likely. Utilizing a sample ofdemocratic states, empirical evidence suggests when a country’s legislature is increasinglyfractionalized among parties or has increasing seat turnover, we observe increases in de factoindependence. This research provides new perspectives on the link between independenceand competition.
Revitalisation of indigenous languages in Nigeria: Role of artificial intelligence and language policy planning
Authors: Iyinolakan Olayinka , Ogbu Silk Ugwu
Published: November 2022

Nigeria’s interethnic, intercultural, socio-economic and colonial interactions or experiences have been everything but supportive of indigenous language policy-making and implementation. English emerged as the official language for communication without a widely accepted or spoken indigenous language. Meanwhile, Nigerian Pidgin English became the unofficial language popularly used by most social institutions in the country. However, positioning Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba as the major indigenous languages taught in schools alongside English technically excluded several minority groups who speak 519 other indigenous languages from the national equation. Indeed, other countries in Africa face the same or similar challenges. Consequently, a third of the African indigenous languages are threatened by such policies and are seriously endangered today. This conceptual paper was inspired by the necessity to re-think and re-imagine new policies on indigenous language use in Nigeria and innovative approaches to protecting existing languages from extinction. In that regard, leveraging advancements in communication technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and deliberate policy implementation offers mitigation opportunities and renewed hope of inclusiveness for minorities. This paper attempts to expand the conversation on AI-enabled multilingual language policy as a vehicle for promoting indigenous language revitalisation, social integration, education and cultural expression. A combination of theories, including Adaptive Structuration, Computational Theory of the Mind, and Systemic Functional Linguistics, provided the framework for the postulations of this study. The paper argues that a language policy backed by collective and artificial intelligence could be leveraged to learn and re-learn low-resourced languages, making them instruments for socio-economic transformation, integration and nation-building. To reach that goal, it recommends a multipronged and quintuple helix collaboration of social institutions involving the family, academia, private sector, government and media.
Influence of Demographic Characteristics of Knowledge Management Enablers in Nepalese Hospitality Industry
Authors: Maharjan Pushpa
Published: November 2022

This paper examines the influence of demographic characteristics on knowledge management enablers in the hospitality industry such as hotel, travel and trekking agencies in Nepal. The study is based on primary data with 382 responses. The self-administered questionnaires were used to collect the perceptive opinions from the respondents. The study concludes that all age groups and number of years work experience groups of employees’ perception concerning collaboration, trust, learning, centralisation, formalisation, and information technology are similar. Different educational groups of employees have different opinions regarding collaboration, centralisation, and formalisation but their perception is similar to trust, learning and information technology.
Critiquing the Concept and Practices of Domestic Tourism in Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Naniram
Published: November 2022

Nepal is a very rich country in terms of its natura beauty along with cultural variety. It has been an attraction for not only the foreigners but also domestic travellers. However, the contribution of domestic tourism in the development of this sector has been overlooked. After the Covid-19 pandemic, domestic tourism is in the stage of commercialisation. In this context, this paper aims to critique the concept and practices of domestic tourism in Nepal in view of the analysis of the existing problems and prospects in fostering domestic tourism in Nepal. This study is based on reviewing the various related literatures. The study finds lack of strategic plan, lack of meaningful collaboration and consensus in policy development among the various tiers and actors of the government, less travel culture of the people, inadequate infrastructures, insufficient organisation, lack of forward and backward linkages and human resource capability as major problems whereas natural and cultural diversities, increasing focus of different tiers of government, popularisation of new destinations through social media, growing interest in domestic tourism, indefinite pandemic, growing travel culture in urban areas, popularity of home stays, growing number of skilled manpower in the sector are the prospects of domestic tourism in our country.
Das Bibliothekspersonal mittlerer Qualifikation an Österreichs Universitäten. Historische Entwicklung, aktuelle Rolle und Aufstiegsperspektiven
Authors: Slama Clemens , Zechner-Matscheko Evelyn
Published: November 2022

Im Zentrum dieses Beitrags steht die mittlere Qualifikationsebene der österreichischen Universitätsbibliotheken mit den Mitarbeitergruppen Mittlerer Dienst und Fachdienst. Kurz werden theoretische Grundlagen erläutert (Terminologie, historische Entwicklung, gegenwärtige Dienstrechtslage, Ausbildungsvarianten, traditionelle und mögliche neue Arbeitsfelder). Zwei zentrale forschungsleitende Hypothesen samt Unterhypothesen werden überprüft durch die Analyse von Stellenausschreibungen, eine quantitative Erhebung in Form einer Online-Umfrage unter den Personalverantwortlichen sowie qualitative Interviews. Der Beitrag liefert Impulse zu einer Reflexion der aktuellen und zukünftigen Rolle dieser Bedienstetengruppe in den österreichischen Bibliotheken. Zugleich enthält er Anregungen für Mitarbeiter*innen, wie ein individuelles Aufstiegsvorhaben gelingen kann.
Das Feuilleton des Exils - Veröffentlichungen in der Basler National-Zeitung 1933–1940
Authors: Braun Bettina
Published: November 2022

In der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus erschienen im Feuilleton deutschsprachiger Zeitungen, die ausserhalb des deutschen Machtbereichs lagen, zahlreiche Beiträge exilierter Autorinnen und Autoren. Ein bedeutender Erscheinungsort war die grösste Basler Tageszeitung, die National-Zeitung. Die Studie rekonstruiert den institutionellen Kontext sowie die Entstehungs- und Publikationsbedingungen der Texte. Anhand von Feuilletons u. a. von Alfred Polgar (1873–1955) und Hans Natonek (1892–1963) nehmen zwei Schwerpunktkapitel indirekte Verfahren in Texten zum politischen Geschehen und die Reflexion der Exilerfahrung in den Blick.
Der Band versteht sich als Forschungsbeitrag zum Feuilleton der 1930er-Jahre und des Exils, das bisher nur am Rande beachtet wurde. Zugleich beleuchtet er einen Teilaspekt des Literatursystems des Exils wie auch die Schweiz als Exilland näher.
Standard enthalpies of formation of 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride
Authors: López-Ortega M. , García-Castro Miguel Angel , Galicia-Aguilar J. A. , Aranda-García R.J. , Ramos-Hernández H.S. , Díaz-Sánchez F.
Published: November 2022

In this investigation thermochemical properties of 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride were determined. Fusion enthalpy, fusion temperature and molar heat capacity in solid phase were obtained by differential scanning calorimetry. By the Knudsen effusion method, the molar enthalpy of sublimation at 298.15 K was obtained. By thermogravimetric data, it was possible to determine the molar enthalpy of sublimation and the molar enthalpy of vaporization. On the other hand, the molar enthalpy of formation in solid phase at 298.15 K was determined by combustion calorimetry. The molar enthalpy of formation in gas phase at 298.15 K was calculated from molar enthalpy of sublimation at 298.15 K and molar enthalpy of formation in solid phase at 298.15 K. This experimental value was compared both theoretical enthalpy of formation in gas phase by using Gaussian methods at the G3 and G4 levels and with an estimated value in relation to phthalic anhydride.
Scripture and Habits of Interpretation: A Model of Practical Reasoning
Authors: Hagerman Justin M.
Published: November 2022

In his 1998 Engaging Scripture: A Model for Theological Interpretation, Stephen Fowl conceives of biblical interpretation as a skill that is learned over time. Fowl’s perspective not only gives close attention to the habits that interpreters acquire in practice, but also clarifies the goals that readers recognize through their interaction with biblical texts. This paper builds upon Fowl’s approach by providing a critical analysis of practical reasoning in a twofold analysis. In the first part, we will interact with Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics and Elizabeth Anscombe’s Intention. Engaging with these philosophers shines light on what is meant by reasoning practically towards particular goals. In the second part, we will focus on how scripture portrays love and knowledge as habits of interpretation. In this part, it is proposed that love and knowledge will refine interpreters’ practical reasoning as they move towards particular ends. In conclusion, this article provides fresh angles for biblical interpretation by arguing that interpreters’ practical reasoning is sustained by the habits of love and knowledge.
René Girard and the Coherence of the Redemptive Work: Example, Instruction, and the Sacrifice of the Cross
Authors: Roumas Nicholas G.
Published: November 2022

René Girard’s mimetic theory opens up a possibility of unifying the ethical and objective dimensions of Christ’s redemptive work, harmonizing a problematic tension that arises from the redemptive act. To demonstrate this, I draw on Girard’s writings on the Gospels to show how a Girardian reading of the cross leads to an understanding of the redemptive work of Christ as simultaneously exemplary, didactic, and sacrificial, with no real distance between any of these terms.
If You’re So Ethical, Why Are You So Highly Paid? Ethics, Inequality and Executive Pay
Authors: Pepper Alexander
Published: November 2022

In the past 30 years, senior executive pay has increased dramatically in the UK, US and other developed countries, causing much debate and, at times, public outrage. In this book, Alexander (‘Sandy’) Pepper argues that this soaring inflation in high pay is the result of a market failure, leading to inefficient pay practices that are replicated across industries. Individual company’s renumeration committees face a prisoner’s dilemma, and so recommend over-the-odds payments in the vain hope of obtaining superior talent. For institutional investors, these developments have created a collective action problem, with many historically unwilling or unable to intervene to curtail excessive corporate pay. But are executives themselves really the greedy, self-interested, fat cats of popular culture? Based on a thought experiment and survey of beliefs of over a thousand senior executives from around the world, Pepper and his colleagues found that business executives in fact tend not to justify their pay levels as if they were ethical egoists entitled to act entirely in their own self-interest. Instead, they expressed support for a range of ethical beliefs on inequality and distributive justice. They can be categorised as either welfare liberals, relational egalitarians, meritocrats or free marketeers. Many believe that in a civilised society everyone has the right to an income that is sufficient for a dignified life, and that companies, not just governments, have responsibilities in this respect. So, Pepper argues, it is the market failure in executive pay that has created such wage inflation at the top, and this ultimately requires an ethical response from investors, companies and executives. This is a book for anyone who wishes to understand and tackle business’s role in the growing social inequality of advanced economies in an informed, fair and feasible way.
ADMISSION OF DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO (DRC) IN THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY (EAC): ARE THERE OPPORTUNITIES FOR KENYA?
Authors: Moses Mugwe
Published: November 2022

Many countries across the globe are adopting regional economic integration as a strategy towards speeding economic growth and development. Through these integrations, there has been a surge in regional economic blocks, which have served to expand the market for many countries and open others to more robust trading activities and international business. East African Community has also been expanding its membership from three-member states to seven member states. This expansion has been aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of the integration and making the community more comprehensive for the benefit of member countries. The inclusion of Democratic Republic of Congo as the seventh member country was recently concluded, and this has been viewed in varied dimensions. However, there has been a debate on whether the inclusion of DRC will enhance the benefits by the member countries or not. This paper, therefore, sought to establish the opportunities for international business that the EAC member countries are likely to gain out of the inclusion of DRC. The study singled out Kenya, as the largest economy in the community and at the centre of the admission of DRC into the EAC. An empirical approach was adopted where key reports, existing literature and reviews have been reviewed to come up with the findings and discussions. The results have portrayed that the inclusion of DRC into the EAC increases the community’s market by over 89 million consumers while opening the EAC to the Pacific Ocean. Kenyan multinationals have also been steadfast in investing in DRC upon admission of the country into DRC. The results have shown that while regional economic integration may come up with a share of problems from member countries, especially unstable countries, it also opens opportunities for established economies to invest in such economies for continued economic growth and development. It is recommended that both DRC and Kenyan governments lays out more trade facilitation policies and strategies in order to encourage international trade between the two countries and across the EAC region.
On the frontier of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease—an interview with Prof. Peter J Barnes
Authors:   Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China., Ma Wei
Published: November 2022

The article is an interview with Prof. Peter J Barnes of the National Heart and Lung Institute, previously Head of Respiratory Medicine at Imperial College, conducted by Wei Ma of the Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, on behalf of Aging Pathobiology and Therapeutics.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SOYBEAN INOCULATION WITH NODULE BACTERIA AND MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT BANK FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE
Authors: DATSKO ANDRII , KVASNITSKA LARISA , LITVINOVA OLENA
Published: November 2022

The relevance of this study is determined by a complex of factors that shape soybean grain productivity – the effectiveness of symbiotic systems formed with nodule bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, the activity of growth processes and the formation of vegetative organs by soybean plants, as well as their adaptive plasticity under the influence of various external factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphobiometric characteristics of soybean plants, the productivity of the crop after pre-sowing treatment with biological preparations Rhizoline, Mycofriend, and Rhizosave. This paper presents the results of research on the use of soybean seed treatment with biological preparations to improve the growth and development of soybean plants and increase crop productivity. Field, laboratory, mathematical-statistical, and calculation methods were employed for this study. It was found that seed inoculation positively affects the leaf surface area in the budding phase, it increased from 5,313 cm2 in the control to 6,426 cm2 with the Rhizoline + Rhizosave + Mycofriend option, and in the phase of pod formation, respectively, from 8,704 cm2 to 1,113 cm2 . The joint use of Rhizoline + Mycofriend + Rhizosave preparations most contributed to the increase in the mass of the root with nodules (+0.95 g), the number of nodules on the plant (+32 pcs), and the mass of nodules from the plant (+0.3 g). It was found that a comparable situation occurred during the phase of bean formation. The regularity of yield growth during the years under study showed that the average increase in yield varied from 0.41 t/ha with Rhizoline + Rhizosave inoculation to 0.6 t/ha with the combined use of Rhizoline + Rhizosave and the mycorrhizal preparation Mycofriend. It was substantiated that under appropriate conditions, the intensity of symbiotic nitrogen fixation increases thanks to nodule bacteria, as well as the absorption of water and nutrients by the root system of plants due to the activity of mycorrhizal fungi, the entry of amino acids, phytohormones, and vitamins into the plant, which positively affects the growth and development of soybean plants. The materials of this paper are of practical value for farmers in the development of new plant nutrition strategies involving biological preparations in the cultivation technology
CREATION OF HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE FORMS OF WINTER WHEAT WITH COMPLEX RESISTANCE AGAINST DISEASES AND PESTS ON ARTIFICIAL INFECTIOUS BACKGROUNDS OF THEIR CAUSATIVE AGENTS
Authors: MUKHA TETYANA , MURASHKO LYUDMILA , HUMENYUK OLEKSANDR , SUDDENKO YULIIA , NOVYTSKA NATALIIA , MARTYNOV OLEKSIY
Published: November 2022

Diseases of field crops substantially reduce the yield and quality of the obtained agricultural products. Underselection of gross grain harvest due to diseases and pests can reach about 25-30% annually. This necessitates the creation of resistant varieties for winter wheat selection. The purpose of this study was to create a new highly productive selection material with complex resistance against the main most harmful diseases for further use in the selection of winter wheat. In the phase of emergence of plants in the tube, winter wheat plants were infected with spores of the causative agent of brown rust according to E.E. Heschele’s method. To create an artificial infectious background of brown rust, a synthetic population of the pathogen (Institute of Plant Protection of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences) was used as a reservoir of infection – a susceptible variety of Myronivska 10. To create an artificial infectious background of powdery mildew, a local population and an infectious reservoir of the American variety Keprock were used. In the F3 hybrid nursery against the provoking background of powdery mildew, combinations highly resistant to the pathogen (up to 5%) were selected, created with sources of resistance: Zdar, Fakon, Pi170911, Bongo – Svitanok Myronivskyi/Zdar, Kolos Myronivshchyny/Fakon, Berehynia Myronivska/Pi170911, Dostatok/Bongo. Resistance against the pathogen (up to 10.0%) was observed in two crossing combinations (Gorlytsia Myronivska/Gloria and Remeslivna/Wervok). Crossing combinations created with sources of resistance were selected on the artificial infectious background of hybrids of the fourth generation for resistance to brown rust: Flex, V 1275, Tobarzo, 203-238. It is worth noting the hybrids: Oberih Myronivskyi/Flex, Smuhlianka/V 1275, Monotyp/Tobarzo, Kolos Myronivshchyna/203-238. The largest number of grains in an ear was obtained from the combination Svitanok Myronivskyi/Zdar (61.5 pieces), and the largest weight of grain from an ear was obtained from the combinations Horlytsia Myronivska/Gloria and Berehynia Myronivska/Pi170911 (2.38 g and 2.37 g, respectively). The Oberih Myronivskyi/Flex combination stood out for its resistance to brown rust and performance elements. The samples selected based on the results of the study are used as valuable raw material to create new winter wheat varieties resistant to diseases in the Forest Steppe of Ukraine
RESULTS OF NUMERICAL MODELLING OF THE PROCESS OF SEPARATION OF SEED MATERIAL OF SMALL-SEEDED CROPS ON A CYLINDRICAL CELL TRIER
Authors: Aliiev Elchyn , Lupko Krystyna
Published: November 2022

The relevance of this study is conditioned upon the need to increase the amount of high-quality seed material of small-seeded crops, which cannot be achieved without an important process of separation. The separation is based on technical and technological principles of separation of seed material, depending on the differences in physical and mechanical properties of individual components of seed material. Cylindrical triers are used to separate seeds according to their length. The purpose of the study was to find the theoretical regularities of changes in the technological parameters of separation of the seed material of small-seeded crops from the structural and mode parameters of a cylindrical seed trier by numerical modelling. The solution of the set problems was implemented in the STAR-CCM+ programme based on the finite element method. Considering the physical and mechanical properties of the seed material, as a result of the study, a visualisation of the separation process was obtained depending on the research factors: the rotation frequency of the trier cylinder, the diameter of the cylinder, and the number of seeds and impurities in the seed mixture. According to the simulation results, the dependence of the relative content of impurities ε on factors under study was obtained in the form of second-order regression equations. Using the Mathematica programme, a compromise problem was solved, which lies in minimising the multiplicative function of the research criteria, and the rational constructive and technological parameters of the trier separator were found. The material of this paper is intended for scientists, graduate students, designers of agricultural machinery, students, and specialists in agricultural production.
POROUS DRAINAGES FOR CONTACT CLARIFIERS
Authors:   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Progulny V. , Grachov I. ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: November 2022

Filtering facilities are essential for the technological schemes for natural water treatment. They provide the required water quality as well as the valuable capacity of water treatment facilities. Contact clarifiers are widely used to purify water with low turbidity and high color values. Single-stage filtration based on the principle of contact coagulation uses it. Possible complications in the operation of contact clarifiers are usually related to running the drainage distribution system. The authors formulated several basic drainage requirements, particularly the uniform distribution of wash water over a space and the absence of filter load removal. The article analyzes the existing drainage structures (drainage with supporting layers of gravel and a gravelless pipe distribution system), which shows that they do not meet the requirements. They lead to irregular washing of the filter load, a decrease in its dirt capacity, an increase in residual contaminants, a reduction in the filter cycle, and an increase in the maintenance cost. To improve reliability and durability, a drainage design is proposed that consists of perforated reinforced concrete slabs, with porous polymer concrete in their holes, made of crushed granite or gravel and a polymer binder, i.e., epoxy resin. This construction will ensure a uniform velocity field during washing and filtering, reduce water consumption for its own needs, increase the filter cycle, and prevent possible removal of the filter load. It is found that the colmatation of the pore space with a suspended matter is one of the main issues when considering the porous drainage in the structure of contact clarifiers. The article presents experimental studies of the dynamics and degree of the colmatation in porous polymer concrete with polluted water. They showed that no irreversible colmatation happens, and the data obtained will allow us to use them during the hydraulic calculations. The task of further research is to conduct full-scale tests on existing facilities.
THE INFLUENCE OF BASALT FIBER ON THE PROPERTIES OF CLAYDATE-CONCRETE
Authors:   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Barabash І.V. , Shcherbyna O.S. ,   "Bautech-Ukraine" LLC
Published: November 2022

The paper examines the properties of dispersed-reinforced cast expanded clay concrete on mechanically activated slag Portland cement with the addition of Super-PC polycarboxylate superplasticizer. Experimental studies have established the possibility of obtaining lightweight concrete based on high-mobility lightweight concrete mixtures with a diameter of a cone of at least 50 cm. It has been experimentally confirmed that the hydrophobization of expanded clay gravel helps to increase the spreading of the cone of the concrete mixture, and also increases the viability of the concrete mixture. The expediency of mechanical activation of slag Portland cement in the presence of Super-PC to obtain light concrete with increased characteristics in terms of frost resistance, abrasion and impact strength is shown. The results of research are presented, which indicate that the introduction of basalt fiber into slag Portland cement together with the mechanical activation of the binder allows to reduce the abrasion of concrete from 0.44 to 0.13 g/cm2, as well as to increase the impact strength of concrete by almost 2 times (compared to with control). The proposed complex of recipe-technological influences allows to ensure frost resistance of concrete not less than 350 cycles of alternating freezing and thawing. It was established that the mechanical activation of the binder causes an increase in the strength of concrete at the age of 3 days from 11.3 to 16.2 MPa, that is, by more than 40% compared to the control. The introduction of basalt fiber in the amount of 1% of the mass of the binder ensures an increase in the strength of concrete by 10-15%. The joint effect on slag Portland cement of mechanical activation, additives of poly-carboxylate Super-PC and basalt fiber causes an increase in the strength of concrete at the age of 28 days (compared to the control) from 11.3 to 29.5 MPa, i.e. more than 2.5 times. In general, the combined use of the listed recipe-technological factors ensures an increase in the main physical and mechanical characteristics of lightweight concrete.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF EXPANSION AGENTS IN REPAIR SOLUTIONS OF DRY BUILDING MIXTURES FOR IMPROVING HARDENING CONDITIONS
Authors:   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Hedulian S.I. , Gara O.A. ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Savchenko S.V. ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: November 2022

The article examines the possibility of increasing the compatibility of repair solutions based on dry mixes with damaged concrete and reinforced concrete structures by improving the curing conditions of such materials through comparative analysis of adhesive strength and linear shrinkage of cement samples using different types of superabsorbents, namely SAP Newsorb based on sodium polyacrylates from the Japanese manufacturer Newstone, Chinese MNC-SAP based on potassium polyacrylates from MUHU Construction Materials and AquaGel based on cross-linked copolymer of acrylamide and potassium acrylate from the Australian Baroid. The data obtained during experimental studies show that the use of investigated SAP superabsorbents additives due to the improvement of hydration conditions in the cement matrix of the repair material can partially compensate the growth of shrinkage deformations, which, in turn, slightly improves the indicators of the adhesive strength of the bond with the surface of the damaged structure. A positive effect of the use of the specified polymer admixtures on the investigated cement solutions was established. Compared to the base sample, on average, for each of the studied days of hardening, the shrinkage rate of all samples containing SAP was reduced by 35%, which justifies their use in order to facilitate the creation and further high-quality functioning of the repair system. The addition of the studied SAPs allows to improve the adhesion index by 1.5-2.3 times compared to the basic one, which should ensure the maximum ability of the repaired system to perceive the workload. The optimal contents of SAP additives in the composition of the studied cement mortars to reduce shrinkage and increase the adhesive strength were determined. The compositions of non-structural repair cement mortars of class RM3 and R1-R2 in terms of adhesive strength and classes RM1-RM2 in terms of shrinkage deformation in accordance with Ukrainian and European standards were obtained.