bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and inter-laboratory study of a method for quantifying ochratoxin A in pet foods
Authors: Wada T. , Saito H. , Aoyama K. , Saito S. , Shibukawa M.
Published: June 2016

An analytical method for quantifying ochratoxin A (OTA) in pet foods using high-performance liquid chromatography was developed, and an inter-laboratory study was conducted. OTA was extracted from samples with aqueous acetonitrile. The extract was purified by an immunoaffinity column, OCHRAKING, and analysed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The limits of quantification by this method were 2 µg/kg for dry and semidry pet food and 1 µg/kg for wet type pet food. The calibration curve showed linearity in the range of 0.5-50 ng/ml (equivalent to 1-100 µg/kg for wet type pet food). The mean recoveries of OTA spiked at 1-5 µg/kg were in the range of 83.0-106% and relative standard deviations of the in-house method validation were 2.6-6.8%. The mean recoveries, repeatability, reproducibility and the Horwitz ratios for OTA from the inter-laboratory validation study were 75.6-83.1%, 3.5-6.1%, 5.0-15.0% and 0.23-0.68, respectively.
Inhibitory effect of essential oils on growth and on aflatoxins production byAspergillus parasiticus
Authors: Soares C. , Morales H. , Faria J. , Figueiredo A.C. , Pedro L.G. , Venâncio A.
Published: June 2016

The aim of this work was to assess the inhibitory effect of essential oils on the growth and aflatoxin production ofAspergillus parasiticus, as well as to correlate it with the chemical composition of the essential oils. Essential oils from six aromatic species (Cymbopogon citratus,Eucalyptus globulus,Origanum vulgare,Ruta graveolens,Salvia officinalis,
Satureja montana) were characterised by gas chromatography and tested for their inhibitory effect againstA. parasiticus strain MUM 92.02. Furthermore, thein vitro inhibitory effects of these essential oils on the production of aflatoxins were evaluated by HPLC. Results showed that all essential oils retarded the time for visible growth. Growth rate was affected differently depending on the essential oil.S. montana essential oil prevented growth in all cases. The essential oil ofR. graveolens inhibited most of the aflatoxin production even though growth inhibition was low, while withC. citratus essential oil trace levels of aflatoxins were detected. Essential oils containing carvacrol and/or thymol (S. montana andO. vulgare) have the highest activity against fungal growth, while an essential oil (R. graveolens) containing 2-undecanone and 8-phenyl-2-octanone inhibited the synthesis of aflatoxins. Although the main component of this essential oil was 2-undecanone (91%), when pure 2-undecanone was tested, it did not inhibit aflatoxin production. Inhibition activity is probably due to the recently identified minor compound or to a synergistic effect. Essential oils seem to be a good alternative to fungicides not only because of environmental issues but also because they do not seem to enhance mycotoxin production as it has been reported for some fungicides.
Masked mycotoxins: does breeding for enhancedFusarium head blight resistance result in more deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in new wheat varieties?
Authors: Lemmens M. , Steiner B. , Sulyok M. , Nicholson P. , Mesterhazy A. , Buerstmayr H.
Published: June 2016

From economic and environmental points of view, enhancing resistance toFusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat is regarded as the best option to reduce fungal colonisation and the concomitant mycotoxin contamination. This review focuses on the effect of FHB resistance on deoxynivalenol (DON) and the masked metabolite deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON-3-glucoside) in wheat. Based on published information complemented with our own results we draw the following conclusions: (1) All investigated wheat cultivars can convert DON to DON-3-glucoside. Hence, detoxification of DON to DON-3-glucoside is not a new trait introduced by recent resistance breeding against FHB. (2) The amount of DON-3-glucoside relative to DON contamination can be substantial (up to 35%) and is among other things dependent on genetic and environmental factors. (3) Correlation analyses showed a highly significant relationship between the amount of FHB symptoms and DON contamination: breeding for FHB resistance reduces DON contamination. (4) DON contamination data are highly correlated with DON-3-glucoside concentration data: in other words, reduction of DON content through resistance breeding results in a concomitant reduction in DON-3-glucoside content. (5) The DON-3-glucoside/DON ratio increases with decreasing DON contamination: the most resistant lines with the lowest DON contamination show the highest relative level of DON-3-glucoside to DON. In summary, introgressing FHB resistance reduces both DON and DON-3-glucoside levels in the grain, but the reduction is lower for the masked toxin. DON-3-glucoside can represent a possible hazard to human and animal health, especially in wheat samples contaminated with DON close to permitted limits.
The Perils and Pitfalls of Potty Training
Authors: Kimball Valerie
Published: June 2016

Although a child may meet the physiologic, developmental, and behavioral milestones required for potty training, the process of potty training remains a formidable task for many parents and toddlers. The primary care physician must be prepared to discuss the signs of readiness as well as the setbacks that may occur in the process of potty training, which include resistance to training, fears of toileting, stool toileting refusal, accidents, and persistent nocturnal enuresis.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2016;45(6):e199–e201.]
MiR-381-3p Regulates the Antigen-Presenting Capability of Dendritic Cells and Represses Antituberculosis Cellular Immune Responses by Targeting CD1c
Authors: Wen Qian , Zhou Chaoying , Xiong Wenjing , Su Jing , He Jianchun , Zhang Shimeng , Du Xialin , Liu Sudong , Wang Juanjuan , Ma Li
Published: June 2016

Tuberculosis is still the widest spread infectious disease in the world, and more in-depth studies are needed on the interaction between the pathogen and the host. Due to the highest lipid components in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the CD1 family that specifically presents antigenic lipids plays important roles in the antituberculosis immunity, especially CD1c, which functions as the intracellular Ag inspector at the full intracellular range. However, downregulation of the CD1c mRNA level has been observed in M. tuberculosis-infected cells, which is consistent with the regulatory mechanism of miRNA on gene expression. In this study, through combinatory analysis of previous miRNA transcriptomic assays and bioinformatic predictions by web-based algorithms, miR-381-3p was predicted to bind the 3′-untranslated region of CD1c gene. In vivo expression of miR-381-3p in dendritic cells (DCs) of TB patients is higher than in DCs of healthy individuals, inversely related to CD1c. Suppression of CD1c expression in bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG)-infected DCs was accompanied with upregulation of miR-381-3p, whereas inhibition of miR-381-3p could reverse suppression of CD1c expression and promote T cell responses against BCG infection. Further study indicated that miR-381-3p is also one of the mediators of the immune suppressor IL-10. Collectively, these results demonstrated the mechanism that suppression of CD1c by BCG infection is mediated by miR-381-3p. This finding may provide a novel approach to boost immune responses to M. tuberculosis.
A retrospective study of the prevalence of bovine fasciolosis at major abattoirs in Botswana
Authors: Mochankana M. Ernest , Robertson Ian D.
Published: June 2016

A retrospective study covering a period of ten years (2001–2010) was conducted using postmortem meat inspection records of the Department of Veterinary Services in Gaborone to determine the prevalence of bovine fasciolosis in Botswana. Meat inspection records of monthly and annual returns from the two main export abattoirs in the country were examined, as well as the data collected on the total number of cattle slaughtered and the number of livers condemned due to Fasciola gigantica infection. Only 1250 of the approximately 1.4 million cattle slaughtered were infected with F. gigantica (0.09%, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.0% – 0.3%). No distinct seasonal pattern was observed in condemnation rates of livers. However, the pattern of distribution of fasciolosis was higher (but not significant) in cattle that originated from areas with high rainfall and more permanent water bodies than those from relatively low rainfall areas with a transitory water system. It is recommended that a longitudinal survey should be carried out at the abattoirs and farms to determine the prevalence of the disease in cattle of different ages, sex and breed as well as the place of origin in the country. The present study indicated that the prevalence of fasciolosis in cattle is low and the disease is therefore of less significance in Botswana than other African countries for which information is available.Keywords: Botswana; cattle; Fasciola gigantica; liver; prevalence
Exploring the impact of information and communication technology on employees’ work and personal lives
Authors: De Wet Wihan , Koekemoer Eileen , Nel Jan Alewyn
Published: June 2016

Orientation: Technology has become part of society’s everyday functioning, changing rapidly and providing widespread mobility. Employees are moving towards a continually connected lifestyle, a situation in which information and communication technology (ICT) seem to have become omnipresent.Research purpose: The overall objective of this research was to investigate the influence of ICT on employees’ work and personal lives.Motivation for the study: The impact of ICT on the work and personal lives of employees has never been researched before, which motivated the current study.Research approach, design and method: A qualitative research design, with a sample of 25 employees, was followed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data, and the interviews were recorded, transcribed, and processed through thematic analyses.Main findings: Five themes with sub-themes were extracted: The positive and negative experiences of ICT both within the work and personal lives of employees, the increased expectations brought about by ICT usage, and the role of ICT on relationships. Findings highlighted that although ICT are generally perceived as positive, employees should make a conscious decision in managing their ICT to decrease the negative impact thereof on their work and personal lives.Practical/managerial implications: Overall, the general positive experiences of ICT outweigh the negative experiences, and findings almost suggest that as the quantity of communication increased, the quality of conversations decreased.Contribution/Value add: This study provides a holistic understanding of the impact of ICT on the work and personal lives of employees.Keywords: Information and communication technology (ICT); constructivism paradigm; work lives; personal lives; employees
Méconnaissance des effets placebo et Hawthorne : nécessaire ?
Authors: Berthelot Jean-Marie
Published: June 2016

L’effet placebo est souvent mal connu ou confondu avec le retour à la moyenne (amélioration naturelle avec le temps). Il correspond à l’amélioration réellement ressentie par un patient quand on lui administre un traitement dénué de tout effet intrinsèque. Il est presque toujours assimilé à l’effet Hawthorne, lequel a trait à la manière (intensité) d’exprimer le symptôme. La plupart des effets dits placebo sont en fait des effets Hawthorne, le simple fait d’avoir été pris en considération pouvant permettre à certains patients de moins se plaindre. L’effet placebo, stricto-sensu, peut être « visualisé » lors d’expériences d’imagerie fonctionnelle cérébrale. Il passe surtout par la libération : 1) d’endorphines, après ré-exposition à un traitement déjà expérimenté comme bénéfique (réflexe conditionné) ; 2) de dopamine, lors de l’administration d’une substance ou procédé dont le patient escompte un mieux, dans un état d’esprit d’attente optimiste et confiante. La combinaison des effets placebo et Hawthorne peut induire des effets majeurs, quasi-miraculeux, mais leur puissance peut être déniée, et le sujet reste conflictuel : 1) ce sont surtout les firmes qui encaissent les bénéfices du doute ; 2) il comporte une dimension quasi « religieuse », car les patients doivent avoir foi dans le procédé, et les thérapeutes doivent aussi maintenir un certain mystère autour du mécanisme de l’amélioration, en refoulant leur « mauvaise-foi » quant à la substitution du placebo au traitement de référence. Ceci n’est pas sans rappeler la « transsubstantiation » permettant dans la religion chrétienne la transformation de l’hostie en Agneau-Pascal pacificateur (victime innocente déifiée, comme les « Pharmakos » des premiers grecs).
Protective Efficacy Induced by Genetically Attenuated Mid-to-Late Liver-Stage Arresting Plasmodium berghei Δmrp2 Parasites
Authors: van der Velden Maarten , Rijpma Sanna R. , Verweij Vivienne , van Gemert Geert-Jan , Chevalley-Maurel Séverine , van de Vegte-Bolmer Marga , Franke-Fayard Blandine M. , Russel Frans G. M. , Janse Chris J. , Sauerwein Robert W. , Koenderink Jan B.
Published: June 2016

Whole parasite immunization strategies employing genetically attenuated parasites (GAP), which arrest during liver-stage development, have been applied successfully for induction of sterile malaria protection in rodents. Recently, we generated a Plasmodium berghei GAP-lacking expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP2) (PbΔmrp2) that was capable of partial schizogony in hepatocytes but showed complete growth arrest. Here, we investigated the protective efficacy after intravenous (IV) immunization of BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice with PbΔmrp2 sporozoites. Low-dose immunization using 400 PbΔmrp2 sporozoites induced 100% sterile protection in BALB/c mice after IV challenge with 10,000 wild-type sporozoites. In addition, almost full protection (90%) was obtained after three immunizations with 10,000 sporozoites in C57BL/6J mice. Parasite liver loads in nonprotected PbΔmrp2-challenged C57BL/6J mice were reduced by 86% ± 5% on average compared with naive control mice. The mid-to-late arresting PbΔmrp2 GAP was equipotent in induction of protective immunity to the early arresting PbΔb9Δslarp GAP. The combined data support a clear basis for further exploration of Plasmodium falciparum parasites lacking mrp2 as a suitable GAP vaccine candidate.
Interannual variations of early winter Antarctic polar stratospheric cloud formation and nitric acid observed by CALIOP and MLS
Authors: Lambert A. , Santee M. L. , Livesey N. J.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. We use satellite-borne measurements collected over the last decade (2006–2015) from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) to investigate the nitric acid distribution and the properties of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) in the early winter Antarctic vortex. Frequently, at the very start of the winter, we find that synoptic-scale depletion of HNO3 can be detected in the inner vortex before the first lidar detection of geophysically associated PSCs. The generation of “sub-visible” PSCs can be explained as arising from the development of a solid particle population with low number densities and large particle sizes. Assumed to be composed of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT), the subvisible PSCs form at ambient temperatures well above the ice frost point, but also above the temperature at which supercooled ternary solution (STS) grows out of the background supercooled binary solution (SBS) distribution. The temperature regime of their formation, inferred from the simultaneous uptake of ambient HNO3 into NAT and their Lagrangian temperature histories, is at a depression of a few kelvin with respect to the NAT existence threshold, TNAT. Therefore, their nucleation requires a considerable supersaturation of HNO3 over NAT, and is consistent with a recently described heterogeneous nucleation process on solid foreign nuclei immersed in liquid aerosol. We make a detailed investigation of the comparative limits of detection of PSCs and the resulting sequestration of HNO3 imposed by lidar, mid-infrared and microwave techniques. We find that the temperature history of air parcels, in addition to the local ambient temperature, is an important factor in the relative frequency of formation of liquid/solid PSCs. We conclude that the initiation of NAT nucleation and the subsequent development of large NAT particles capable of sedimentation and denitrification in the early winter does not emanate from an ice-seeding process. Finally, we investigate the patterns of interannual variability and compare the relative formation frequency of liquid and solid PSCs in the Antarctic lower polar stratosphere using the results of a cluster analysis to synthesize the combined CALIOP and MLS measurements into a relatively small number of interrelated categories.
Optical Properties and Aging of Light Absorbing Secondary Organic Aerosol
Authors: Liu Jiumeng , Lin Peng , Laskin Alexander , Laskin Julia , Kathmann Shawn M. , Wise Matthew , Caylor Ryan , Imholt Felisha , Selimovic Vanessa , Shilling John E.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The light-absorbing organic aerosol (OA), commonly referred to as "brown carbon (BrC)", has attracted considerable attention in recent years because of its potential to affect atmospheric radiation balance, especially in the ultraviolet region and thus impact photochemical processes. A growing amount of data has indicated that BrC is prevalent in the atmosphere, which has motivated numerous laboratory and field studies; however, our understanding of the relationship between the chemical composition and optical properties of BrC remains limited. We conducted chamber experiments to investigate the effect of various VOC precursors, NOx concentrations, photolysis time and relative humidity (RH) on the light absorption of selected secondary organic aerosols (SOA). Light absorption of chamber generated SOA samples, especially aromatic SOA, was found to increase with NOx concentration, at moderate RH, and for the shortest photolysis aging times. The highest mass absorption coefficients (MAC) value is observed from toluene SOA products formed under high NOx conditions at moderate RH, in which nitro-aromatics were previously identified as the major light absorbing compounds. BrC light absorption is observed to decrease with photolysis time, correlated with a decline of the organonitrate fraction of SOA. SOA formed from mixtures of aromatics and isoprene absorb less visible and UV light than SOA formed from aromatic precursors alone on a mass basis. However, the mixed-SOA absorption was underestimated when optical properties were predicted using a two-product SOA formation model, as done in many current climate models. Further investigation, including analysis on detailed mechanisms, are required to explain the discrepancy.
Differences in BVOC oxidation and SOA formation above and below the forest canopy
Authors: Schulze Benjamin C. , Wallace Henry W. , Flynn James H. , Lefer Barry L. , Erickson Matt H. , Jobson B. Thomas , Dusanter Sebastien , Griffith Stephen M. , Hansen Robert F. , Stevens Philip S. , Griffin Robert J.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Gas-phase biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are oxidized in the troposphere to produce secondary pollutants such as ozone (O3), organic nitrates (RONO2), and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The nitrate radical (NO3) is especially reactive towards isoprene and monoterpenes such as α-pinene. A zero-dimensional model has been used to investigate differences in oxidation and SOA production from these two BVOCs, especially with respect to hydroxyl radical (OH) and NO3, above and below a forest canopy in rural Michigan using local data and data from a monitoring site in Detroit. In all modeled scenarios, NO3 concentrations are relatively small (0.5–3 pptv); however, daytime concentrations below the canopy are two-to-three times larger than those above. In the rural scenario, NO3 contributes up to 20 % of daytime oxidation of α-pinene below the canopy, and this contribution increases to around 40 % in the polluted cases. Oxidation of isoprene is almost entirely dominated by reaction with OH, as expected. The most significant first-generation RONO2 formation mechanism varies significantly between scenarios and by canopy location. Nonetheless, in every scenario, daytime production of first-generation RONO2 through NO3 + α-pinene is more significant below the canopy than above. While SOA mass loadings are moderate (2 μg m−3 or less), total SOA production is consistently enhanced below the canopy, due to the combined effects of elevated isoprene and reduced NO concentrations. Furthermore, below the canopy, the total amount of RONO2 SOA produced through NO3 oxidation of α-pinene during the daytime (10:00–18:00), while small in absolute terms, is more than twice as large as the amount produced above the canopy during that time period in every scenario. In the rural ambient case, a minimum of 74 % of α-pinene RONO2 SOA is formed solely from initial oxidation by NO3. The relative abundances of HO2 and NO are shown to substantially impact both total SOA production and RONO2 SOA composition. The results presented emphasize the need for more detailed studies regarding the influence of NO3 throughout forest canopies in different environments.
Gas-phase chemistry in the online multiscale NMMB/BSC Chemical Transport Model: Description and evaluation at global scale
Authors: Badia Alba , Jorba Oriol , Voulgarakis Apostolos , Dabdub Donald , Pérez García-Pando Carlos , Hilboll Andreas , Gonçalves María , Janjic Zavisa
Published: June 2016

Abstract. This paper presents a comprehensive description and benchmark evaluation of the tropospheric gas-phase chemistry component of the NMMB/BSC Chemical Transport Model (NMMB/BSC-CTM), an online chemical weather prediction system conceived for both the regional and the global scale. We provide an extensive evaluation of a global annual cycle simulation using a variety of background surface stations (EMEP, WDCGG and CASTNET), ozonesondes (WOUDC, CMD and SHADOZ), aircraft data (MOZAIC and several campaigns), and satellite observations (SCIAMACHY and MOPITT). We also include an extensive discussion of our results in comparison to other state-of-the-art models. The model shows a realistic oxidative capacity across the globe. The seasonal cycle for CO is fairly well represented at different locations (correlations around 0.3–0.7 in surface concentrations), although concentrations are underestimated in spring and winter in the Northern Hemisphere, and are overestimated throughout the year at 800 and 500 hPa in the Southern Hemisphere. Nitrogen species are well represented in almost all locations, particularly NO2 in Europe (RMSE below 9 μg m−3). The modeled vertical distribution of NOx and HNO3 are in excellent agreement with the observed values and the spatial and seasonal trends of tropospheric NO2 columns correspond well to observations from SCIAMACHY, capturing the highly polluted areas and the biomass burning cycle throughout the year. Over Asia, the model underestimates NOx from March to August probably due to an underestimation of NOx emissions in the region. Overall, the comparison of the modelled CO and NO2 with MOPITT and SCIAMACHY observations emphasizes the need for more accurate emission rates from anthropogenic and biomass burning sources (i.e., specification of temporal variability). The resulting ozone (O3) burden (348 Tg) lies within the range of other state-of-the-art global atmospheric chemistry models. The model generally captures the spatial and seasonal trends of background surface O3 and its vertical distribution. However, the model tends to overestimate O3 throughout the troposphere in several stations. This is attributed to an overestimation of CO concentration over the southern hemisphere leading to an excessive production of O3. Overall, O3 correlations range between 0.6 to 0.8 for daily mean values. The overall performance of the NMMB/BSC-CTM is comparable to that of other state-of-the-art global chemical transport models.
ASTER GLOBAL DEM VERSION 3, AND NEW ASTER WATER BODY DATASET
Authors: Abrams M.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. In 2016, the US/Japan ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) project released Version 3 of the Global DEM (GDEM). This 30 m DEM covers the earth’s surface from 82N to 82S, and improves on two earlier versions by correcting some artefacts and filling in areas of missing DEMs by the acquisition of additional data. The GDEM was produced by stereocorrelation of 2 million ASTER scenes and operation on a pixel-by-pixel basis: cloud screening; stacking data from overlapping scenes; removing outlier values, and averaging elevation values. As previously, the GDEM is packaged in ~ 23,000 1 x 1 degree tiles. Each tile has a DEM file, and a NUM file reporting the number of scenes used for each pixel, and identifying the source for fill-in data (where persistent clouds prevented computation of an elevation value). An additional data set was concurrently produced and released: the ASTER Water Body Dataset (AWBD). This is a 30 m raster product, which encodes every pixel as either lake, river, or ocean; thus providing a global inland and shore-line water body mask. Water was identified through spectral analysis algorithms and manual editing. This product was evaluated against the Shuttle Water Body Dataset (SWBD), and the Landsat-based Global Inland Water (GIW) product. The SWBD only covers the earth between about 60 degrees north and south, so it is not a global product. The GIW only delineates inland water bodies, and does not deal with ocean coastlines. All products are at 30 m postings.
DESIGNING AND MODELLING COAST MANAGEMENT GIS FOR BOSPHORUS
Authors: Gumusay M. U. , Ozdemir O. , Bakirman T.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Web based geographic information systems (GIS) has great potential based on developments in internet and web technology. Web based GIS is a network based tool that takes advantage of internet with visualizing, analysing and accessing of distributed data and analysis functions. With the length of 30 kilometres, the Bosphorus provides an essential zone that offers great maritime traffic services. This shipping way which connects The Black Sea and The Mediterranean Sea through The Marmara Sea, has no alternative and it is substantial for economies of Black Sea countries. The Bosphorus is one of most important natural straits in the world handling 150 transit ships, 23 freighters with dangerous cargo and 2500 local transport ships with 2 million passengers on daily basis. In this study, it is aimed to create a web based GIS application for an effective coast management which includes berthing factors (anchorage areas, currents, submerged, etc.), maritime traffic factors (traffic separation schemes, traffic flow directions), closed areas and other factors (lighthouses, buoys, beacons, etc.) by digitizing printed navigation charts produced by Turkish Naval Forces, Office of Navigation, Hydrography and Oceanography.
VEGA-CONSTELLATION TOOLS TO ANALIZE HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGES
Authors: Savorskiy V. , Loupian E. , Balashov I. , Kashnitskii A. , Konstantinova A. , Tolpin V. , Uvarov I. , Kuznetsov O. , Maklakov S. , Panova O. , Savchenko E.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Creating high-performance means to manage massive hyperspectral data (HSD) arrays is an actual challenge when it is implemented to deal with disparate information resources. Aiming to solve this problem the present work develops tools to work with HSD in a distributed information infrastructure, i.e. primarily to use those tools in remote access mode. The main feature of presented approach is in the development of remotely accessed services, which allow users both to conduct search and retrieval procedures on HSD sets and to provide target users with tools to analyze and to process HSD in remote mode. These services were implemented within VEGA-Constellation family information systems that were extended by adding tools oriented to support the studies of certain classes of natural objects by exploring their HSD. Particular developed tools provide capabilities to conduct analysis of such objects as vegetation canopies (forest and agriculture), open soils, forest fires, and areas of thermal anomalies. Developed software tools were successfully tested on Hyperion data sets.
TRAFFIC SIGN INVENTORY FROM GOOGLE STREET VIEW IMAGES
Authors: Tsai Victor J. D. , Chen Jyun-Han , Huang Hsun-Sheng
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Traffic sign detection and recognition (TSDR) has drawn considerable attention on developing intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and autonomous vehicle driving systems (AVDS) since 1980’s. Unlikely to the general TSDR systems that deal with real-time images captured by the in-vehicle cameras, this research aims on developing techniques for detecting, extracting, and positioning of traffic signs from Google Street View (GSV) images along user-selected routes for low-cost, volumetric and quick establishment of the traffic sign infrastructural database that may be associated with Google Maps. The framework and techniques employed in the proposed system are described.
ERAS OF WEB MAPPING DEVELOPMENTS: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
Authors: Veenendaal Bert
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Developments in web mapping and web based geographic information systems (GIS) have evolved rapidly over the past two decades. What began as online map images available to a small group of geospatial experts and professionals has developed to a comprehensive and interactive web map based on integrated information from multiple sources and manipulated by masses of users globally. This paper introduces a framework that outlines the eras of web mapping and significant developments among those eras. From this framework, some of the influences and trends can be determined, particularly those in relation to the development of technologies and their relation to the growth in the number and diversity of users and applications that utilise web mapping and geospatial information online.
A WILDLIFE MONITORING SYSTEM BASED ON TIANDITU AND BEIDOU: IN CASE OF THE TIBETAN ANTELOPE
Authors: Zhang Hongping , Jiang Jie , Wei Dong , Jiang Jie
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Positioning and tracking wildlife is already being an effective way to collect biological information for research and species of wildlife protection. The common technologies of tracking wildlife are divided into several categories, such as radio tracking technology, GPS tracking system, radio frequency identification technology (RFID), and SIM card based technology. Some positive results achieved from these technologies, but there are some problems in location accuracy, price of the system. Taking the case of the protection of the Tibetan antelope, this paper introduces a wildlife monitoring system based on Tianditu and Beidou navigation satellite system. The system consists of two parts: real-time location system and 3D display system. The practical application demonstrates that the system is stable, and data transmission is reliable with lower construction cost, which can improve the capability of national rare wildlife monitoring and protection effectively.
GEOMETRIC CONTEXT AND ORIENTATION MAP COMBINATION FOR INDOOR CORRIDOR MODELING USING A SINGLE IMAGE
Authors: Jahromi Ali Baligh , Sohn Gunho
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Since people spend most of their time indoors, their indoor activities and related issues in health, security and energy consumption have to be understood. Hence, gathering and representing spatial information of indoor spaces in form of 3D models become very important. Considering the available data gathering techniques with respect to the sensors cost and data processing time, single images proved to be one of the reliable sources. Many of the current single image based indoor space modeling methods are defining the scene as a single box primitive. This domain-specific knowledge is usually not applicable in various cases where multiple corridors are joined at one scene. Here, we addressed this issue by hypothesizing-verifying multiple box primitives which represents the indoor corridor layout. Middle-level perceptual organization is the foundation of the proposed method, which relies on finding corridor layout boundaries using both detected line segments and virtual rays created by orthogonal vanishing points. Due to the presence of objects, shadows and occlusions, a comprehensive interpretation of the edge relations is often concealed. This necessitates the utilization of virtual rays to create a physically valid layout hypothesis. Many of the former methods used Orientation Map or Geometric Context to evaluate their proposed layout hypotheses. Orientation map is a map that reveals the local belief of region orientations computed from line segments, and in a segmented image geometric context uses color, texture, edge, and vanishing point cues to estimate the likelihood of each possible label for all super-pixels. Here, the created layout hypotheses are evaluated by an objective function which considers the fusion of orientation map and geometric context with respect to the horizontal viewing angle at each image pixel. Finally, the best indoor corridor layout hypothesis which gets the highest score from the scoring function will be selected and converted to a 3D model. It should be noted that this method is fully automatic and no human intervention is needed to obtain an approximate 3D reconstruction.
3D MODELLING OF AN INDOOR SPACE USING A ROTATING STEREO FRAME CAMERA SYSTEM
Authors: Kang J. , Lee I.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Sophisticated indoor design and growing development in urban architecture make indoor spaces more complex. And the indoor spaces are easily connected to public transportations such as subway and train stations. These phenomena allow to transfer outdoor activities to the indoor spaces. Constant development of technology has a significant impact on people knowledge about services such as location awareness services in the indoor spaces. Thus, it is required to develop the low-cost system to create the 3D model of the indoor spaces for services based on the indoor models. In this paper, we thus introduce the rotating stereo frame camera system that has two cameras and generate the indoor 3D model using the system. First, select a test site and acquired images eight times during one day with different positions and heights of the system. Measurements were complemented by object control points obtained from a total station. As the data were obtained from the different positions and heights of the system, it was possible to make various combinations of data and choose several suitable combinations for input data. Next, we generated the 3D model of the test site using commercial software with previously chosen input data. The last part of the processes will be to evaluate the accuracy of the generated indoor model from selected input data. In summary, this paper introduces the low-cost system to acquire indoor spatial data and generate the 3D model using images acquired by the system. Through this experiments, we ensure that the introduced system is suitable for generating indoor spatial information. The proposed low-cost system will be applied to indoor services based on the indoor spatial information.
THE GENERATION OF BUILDING FLOOR PLANS USING PORTABLE AND UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE MAPPING SYSTEMS
Authors: Tsai G. J. , Chen Y. L. , Chiang K. W. , Lai Y. C.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Indoor navigation or positioning systems have been widely developed for Location-Based Services (LBS) applications and they come along with a keen demand of indoor floor plans for displaying results even improving the positioning performance. Generally, the floor plans produced by robot mapping focus on perceiving the environment to avoid obstacles and using the feature landmarks to update the robot position in the relative coordinate frame. These maps are not accurate enough to incorporate to the indoor positioning system. This study aims at developing Indoor Mobile Mapping System (Indoor MMS) and concentrates on generating the highly accurate floor plans based on the robot mapping technique using the portable, robot and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) platform. The proposed portable mapping system prototype can be used in the chest package and the handheld approach. In order to evaluate and correct the generated floor plans from robot mapping techniques, this study builds the testing and calibration field using the outdoor control survey method implemented in the indoor environments. Based on control points and check points from control survey, this study presents the map rectification method that uses the affine transformation to solve the scale and deformation problems and also transfer the local coordinate system into world standard coordinate system. The preliminary results illustrate that the final version of the building floor plan reach 1 meter absolute positioning accuracy using the proposed mapping systems that combines with the novel map rectification approach proposed. These maps are well geo-referenced with world coordinate system thus it can be applied for future seamless navigation applications including indoor and outdoor scenarios.
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC PROCESSING OF APOLLO 15 METRIC CAMERA OBLIQUE IMAGES
Authors: Edmundson K. L. , Alexandrov O. , Archinal B. A. , Becker K. J. , Becker T. L. , Kirk R. L. , Moratto Z. M. , Nefian A. V. , Richie J. O. , Robinson M. S.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The integrated photogrammetric mapping system flown on the last three Apollo lunar missions (15, 16, and 17) in the early 1970s incorporated a Metric (mapping) Camera, a high-resolution Panoramic Camera, and a star camera and laser altimeter to provide support data. In an ongoing collaboration, the U.S. Geological Survey’s Astrogeology Science Center, the Intelligent Robotics Group of the NASA Ames Research Center, and Arizona State University are working to achieve the most complete cartographic development of Apollo mapping system data into versatile digital map products. These will enable a variety of scientific/engineering uses of the data including mission planning, geologic mapping, geophysical process modelling, slope dependent correction of spectral data, and change detection. Here we describe efforts to control the oblique images acquired from the Apollo 15 Metric Camera.
DENSE IMAGE MATCHING FOR MARS EXPRESS HRSC IMAGERY BASED ON PRECISE POINT PREDICTION METHOD
Authors: Geng X. , Xu Q. , Miao J. , Hou Y. F. , Xing S. , Lan C. Z.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Currently, Mars Express HRSC imagery is an essential data source to derive high accuracy Mars topographic data. In view of the characteristics of Martian surface satellite imagery, a dense image matching scheme for HRSC imagery based on precise point prediction method is proposed. The image matching strategies of our method are elaborated in detail. Based on the proposed method, DEM and DOM of Martian surface are derived and compared with those published by ESA. The experiment results show that the root mean square error in planar direction is about three pixels, while the root mean square error in height direction is about one pixel. Moreover, the mean square error in plane direction show a certain systematic error and the reasons are analysed. Experiment results also demonstrate that the point prediction accuracy for corresponding points is up to 1–3 pixels.
REFINEMENT OF STEREO IMAGE ANALYSIS USING PHOTOMETRIC SHAPE RECOVERY AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO BUNDLE ADJUSTMENT
Authors: Grumpe A. , Schröer C. , Kauffmann S. , Fricke T. , Wöhler C. , Mall U.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Topographic mapping, e.g. the generation of Digital Elevation Models (DEM), is of general interest to the remote sensing community and scientific research. Commonly, photogrammetric methods, e.g. stereo image analysis methods (SIAM) or bundle adjustment methods (BAM), are applied to derive 3D information based on multiple images of an area. These methods require the detection of control points, i.e. common points within multiple images, which relies on a similarity measure and usually yields a sparse map of 3D points. The full spatial DEM is then obtained by interpolation techniques or imposed restrictions, e.g. smoothness constraints. Since BAM utilizes all images of the area, it is assumed to provide a more accurate DEM than SIAM which utilizes only pairs of images. Intensity-based shape recovery, e.g. shape from shading (SfS), utilizes the reflectance behavior of the object surface and thus provides a dense map of relative height changes, which provide the possibility to refine the photogrammetric DEMs. Based on Rosetta NavCam images of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko we compare intensity-based DEM refinement methods which use DEMs obtained based on SIAM and BAM as a reference. We show that both the SIAM based DEM refinement and the BAM based DEM refinement are of similar quality. It is thus possible to derive DEMs of high lateral resolution by applying the intensity-based refinement to the less complex SIAM.
DETERMINING THE SUITABILITY OF DIFFERENT DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS AND SATELLITE IMAGES FOR FANCY MAPS. AN EXAMPLE OF CYPRUS
Authors: Drachal J. , Kawel A. K.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The article describes the possibility of developing an overall map of the selected area on the basis of publicly available data. Such a map would take the form designed by the author with the colors that meets his expectations and a content, which he considers to be appropriate. Among the data available it was considered the use of satellite images of the terrain in real colors and, in the form of shaded relief, digital terrain models with different resolutions of the terrain mesh. Specifically the considered data were: MODIS, Landsat 8, GTOPO-30, SRTM-30, SRTM-1, SRTM-3, ASTER. For the test area the island of Cyprus was chosen because of the importance in tourism, a relatively small area and a clearly defined boundary. In the paper there are shown and discussed various options of the Cyprus terrain image obtained synthetically from variants of Modis, Landsat and digital elevation models of different resolutions.
HIGH DENSITY AERIAL IMAGE MATCHING: STATE-OF-THE-ART AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
Authors: Haala N. , Cavegn S.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Ongoing innovations in matching algorithms are continuously improving the quality of geometric surface representations generated automatically from aerial images. This development motivated the launch of the joint ISPRS/EuroSDR project “Benchmark on High Density Aerial Image Matching”, which aims on the evaluation of photogrammetric 3D data capture in view of the current developments in dense multi-view stereo-image matching. Originally, the test aimed on image based DSM computation from conventional aerial image flights for different landuse and image block configurations. The second phase then put an additional focus on high quality, high resolution 3D geometric data capture in complex urban areas. This includes both the extension of the test scenario to oblique aerial image flights as well as the generation of filtered point clouds as additional output of the respective multi-view reconstruction. The paper uses the preliminary outcomes of the benchmark to demonstrate the state-of-the-art in airborne image matching with a special focus of high quality geometric data capture in urban scenarios.
EFFICIENT RISK DETERMINATION OF RISK OF ROAD BLOCKING BY MEANS OF MMS AND DATA OF BUILDINGS AND THEIR SURROUNDING
Authors: Nose Kazuhito , Hatake Shuhei
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Massive earthquake named “Tonankai Massive earthquake” is predicted to occur in the near future and is feared to cause severe damage in Kinki District . “Hanshin-Awaji Massive Earthquake” in 1995 destroyed most of the buildings constructed before 1981 and not complying with the latest earthquake resistance standards. Collapsed buildings blocked roads, obstructed evacuation, rescue and firefighting operations and inflicted further damages.To alleviate the damages, it is important to predict the points where collapsed buildings are likely block the roads and to take precautions in advance. But big cities have an expanse of urban areas with densely-distributed buildings, and it requires time and cost to check each and every building whether or not it will block the road. In order to reduce blocked roads when a disaster strikes, we made a study and confirmed that the risk of road blocking can be determined easily by means of the latest technologies of survey and geographical information.
ADVANCEMENTS IN OPEN GEOSPATIAL STANDARDS FOR PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING FROM OGC
Authors: Percivall George , Simonis Ingo
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The necessity of open standards for effective sharing and use of remote sensing continues to receive increasing emphasis in policies of agencies and projects around the world. Coordination on the development of open standards for geospatial information is a vital step to insure that the technical standards are ready to support the policy objectives. The mission of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) is to advance development and use of international standards and supporting services that promote geospatial interoperability. To accomplish this mission, OGC serves as the global forum for the collaboration of geospatial data / solution providers and users. Photogrammetry and remote sensing are sources of the largest and most complex geospatial information. Some of the most mature OGC standards for remote sensing include the Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) standards, the Web Coverage Service (WCS) suite of standards, encodings such as NetCDF, GMLJP2 and GeoPackage, and the soon to be approved Discrete Global Grid Systems (DGGS) standard. In collaboration with ISPRS, OGC working with government, research and industrial organizations continue to advance the state of geospatial standards for full use of photogrammetry and remote sensing.
UPDATING MAPS USING HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGERY
Authors: Alrajhi Muhamad , Janjua Khurram Shahzad , Khan Mohammad Afroz , Alobeid Abdalla
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the most dynamic countries of the world. We have witnessed a very rapid urban development's which are altering Kingdom’s landscape on daily basis. In recent years a substantial increase in urban populations is observed which results in the formation of large cities. Considering this fast paced growth, it has become necessary to monitor these changes, in consideration with challenges faced by aerial photography projects. It has been observed that data obtained through aerial photography has a lifecycle of 5-years because of delay caused by extreme weather conditions and dust storms which acts as hindrances or barriers during aerial imagery acquisition, which has increased the costs of aerial survey projects. All of these circumstances require that we must consider some alternatives that can provide us easy and better ways of image acquisition in short span of time for achieving reliable accuracy and cost effectiveness. The approach of this study is to conduct an extensive comparison between different resolutions of data sets which include: Orthophoto of (10 cm) GSD, Stereo images of (50 cm) GSD and Stereo images of (1 m) GSD, for map updating. Different approaches have been applied for digitizing buildings, roads, tracks, airport, roof level changes, filling stations, buildings under construction, property boundaries, mosques buildings and parking places.