bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between ethylene-induced autophagy and reactive oxygen species in Arabidopsis root cells during the early stages of waterlogging stress
Authors: Zheng Qiwei , Li Gege , Wang Hongyan , Zhou Zhuqing
Published: May 2023

The response of plants to waterlogging stress is a complex process, with ethylene playing a crucial role as a signaling molecule. However, it remains unclear how ethylene is initially triggered in response to waterlogging stress when plants are continuously waterlogged for less than 12 hours. Here, we have shown that ethylene-induced autophagy leads to the degradation of damaged mitochondria (the main organelles producing reactive oxygen species (ROS)) to reduce ROS production during oxidative stress in Arabidopsis thaliana, which improves the survival rate of root cells in the early stages of waterlogging stress. Waterlogging stress activated ethylene-related genes, including ACO2, ACS2, ERF72, ERF73, and EIN3, and ethylene content of plants increased significantly within 24 h of continuous waterlogging. As stress duration increased, increased amounts of ROS accumulated in Arabidopsis thaliana roots, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes initially increased and then decreased. Concurrently, the level of ethylene-induced autophagy, which participates in antioxidant defense, is higher in wild-type plants than in the octuple acs mutant cs16651 (acs2-1/acs4-1/acs5-2/acs6-1/acs7-1/acs9-1/amiRacs8acs11). Exogenous application of 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC), resulted in a more pronounced manifestation of autophagy in the stele of Arabidopsis roots. Compared with the waterlogging treatment group or the ACC treatment group, the waterlogging + ACC treatment can induce autophagy to occur earlier and expand the autophagic range to the epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Overall, our results provide insight into the important role of ethylene-induced autophagy in enhancing the antioxidative capacity of Arabidopsis thaliana during the early stages of waterlogging stress. Furthermore, we suggest ethylene as a potential candidate for mitigating the deleterious effects caused by waterlogging in Arabidopsis thaliana.
TERRA INCOGNITA: ПРИРОДА БАЛКАН ГЛАЗАМИ КРЕСТОНОСЦЕВ, "Средние века"
Authors: Лучицкая С.И.
Published: May 2023

Крестоносцы, следовавшие по старым римским дорогам – Via militaris или Via Egnatia – в Святую Землю, пересекали огромный и совершенно неизведанный регион Балкан, где оказывались в незнакомой природной среде. В статье на примере хроник крестовых походов и записок паломников исследуется физическое и психологическое воздействие окружающей среды на крестоносцев. Цель анализа – выяснить, как природа влияла на участников крестоносных экспедиций и что они о ней думали. Чтобы реконструировать представления крестоносцев о природе Балкан, автор статьи анализирует определенную риторику, используемую хронистами и паломниками в их рассказах. Они постоянно сообщают, что на пути крестоносцев попадались заброшенные места (loca deserta), густые леса (silvae condensae) и крутые горы (abrupta montium). Использование этих топосов хронистами было, с одной стороны, важным способом освоения незнакомого пространства. С другой стороны, за этими стереотипными описаниями скрывается информация о реальных встречах крестоносцев с природой. Описывая природу Балкан, хронисты подчеркивают безлюдность, труднодоступность и изолированность края от общества и цивилизации. Рассказы о диком и опасном природном окружении Балкан перекликаются с сообщениями о жестоких обычаях, варварском языке и образе жизни балканских народов, рассматриваемых как субпродукт природы. В целом все эти описания строятся на противопоставлении понятий «природа» и «культура», «варварство» и «цивилизация», «порядок» и «хаос» и «порядок» и т.д.
ФРАНЦУЗСКИЕ ИЗВЕСТИЯ О ПРИЕЗДЕ В ИТАЛИЮ ГОНЦОВ ИВАНА IV ИСТОМЫ ШЕВРИГИНА И ЯКОВА МОЛВЯНИНОВА В 1581 И 1582 ГОДАХ, "Средние века"
Authors: Рябов С.М.
Published: May 2023

Статья посвящена рассмотрению французских источников, содержащих сведения о двух миссиях (посольствах) представителей царя Ивана IV Васильевича в Рим в 1581 и 1582 гг. До сегодняшнего дня они не были собраны вместе, не переводились на русский язык и не исследовались. Данная работа решает эти задачи, систематизируя выявленные документы, условно разделяемые на три составные. Первая состоит из дипломатической корреспонденции 1581–1582 гг., в которой упоминаются обстоятельства приезда и миссии двух русских гонцов, Истомы Шевригина и Якова Молвянинова. Вторую представляет собой печатный «летучий листок» 1581 г., изданный в Лионе последователем Католической лиги Жаном Патрассоном и написанный, по-видимому, духовным лицом. Наконец, «Французский Меркурий» 1611 г., первое официальное периодическое издание, умеренное в вопросах веры, также уделил специальное внимание приезду в Рим русских представителей спустя тридцать лет после этого события. Общей темой всех источников выступает проект создания антиосманской лиги, где важное место отводилось Русскому государству, а также его переходу «в послушание» Римско-Католической Церкви. Делается вывод, что королевская власть в лице Генриха III Валуа, руководствуясь собственными интересами, опасалась осуществления такого сценария. Новая большая европейская война, возможный крестовый поход на Восток и трудности в средиземноморской торговле могли больно ударить по состоянию Франции, истощенной многолетними Гражданскими войнами. Для представителей оппозиционной королю Католической лиги, напротив, возможность скорого перехода Русского государства в католическое вероисповедание и его участие в борьбе против Османской империи представляло собой яркое торжество католической веры и скорое поражение «еретиков» и «неверных». Констатируется также, что изначальная информация о посольстве Шевригина, напечатанная во «Французском Меркурии» в 1611 г., принадлежит авторству иезуита А. Поссевино, но во французской интерпретации приведена в качестве примера возможности межконфессионального согласия.
Processo Produtivo do Palmito em Conserva: uma prospecção tecnológica a partir de patentes
Authors: Ferreira André Luiz Leite , Pereira Etelvina dos Santos , Ribeiro Núbia Moura
Published: May 2023

A prospecção tecnológica a partir de pedidos de patentes configura-se como uma indispensável ferramenta na busca pelo conhecimento científico em nível tecnológico numa determinada área de interesse, já que a divulgação de grande parte dessa informação é disponibilizada sob essa forma de documento. O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar uma prospecção tecnológica a partir de pedidos de patentes referentes aos processos de extração, processamento, conservação e embalagem do palmito. A metodologia é exploratória, com abordagem mista, utilizando como técnica a prospecção tecnológica a partir de patentes nas bases do Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial e do Orbit Intelligence, da Questel Co. Os principais resultados mostraram, entre outras coisas, que o Brasil, como maior produtor, consumidor e exportador mundial de palmito em conserva, notabilizou-se no desenvolvimento de tecnologias atreladas a esse processo produtivo e é o país que mais recebe pedidos de patentes com essa temática.
Sistema Low-Tech Baseado em Jogos para Treinar o Raciocínio Lógico: uma prospecção tecnológica
Authors: Hora Kaline Tatiane Passos da , Carneiro Cristine Elizabeth Alvarenga
Published: May 2023

O desenvolvimento tecnológico trouxe para a sociedade a possibilidade ao acesso a tecnologias antes restritas a grupos com grande poder econômico. Essa popularização gerou a necessidade de aprender e de compreender a lógica da programação. Este trabalho realizou uma prospecção tecnológica para verificar os tipos de tecnologia com uso de sistema low-tech que estão sendo desenvolvidos para a aprendizagem do raciocínio lógico voltado para a lógica de programação. As estratégias de pesquisa foram definidas com base em palavras-chave e em códigos Classificação Internacional de Patentes (CIP) e Classificação Cooperativa de Patentes (CCP) utilizando os bancos de dados de patentes do Espacenet e do Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI) durante o ano de 2021. Os resultados mostraram que sistemas para aprendizagem do raciocínio lógico voltado para a lógica de programação vêm sendo patenteado desde 1916, e a evolução dos consoles de vídeos games tiveram grande influência na evolução dos jogos.
Effect of Music Therapy on Parent-Infant Bonding Among Infants Born Preterm
Authors: Ghetti Claire M. , Gaden Tora Söderström , Bieleninik Łucja , Kvestad Ingrid , Assmus Jörg , Stordal Andreas Størksen , Aristizabal Sanchez Luisa Fernanda , Arnon Shmuel , Dulsrud Jeanette , Elefant Cochavit , Epstein Shulamit , Ettenberger Mark , Glosli Heidi , Konieczna-Nowak Ludwika , Lichtensztejn Marcela , Lindvall Merethe Wolf , Mangersnes Julie , Murcia Fernández Luz Dary , Røed Catharina Janner , Saá Gladys , Van Roy Betty , Vederhus Bente Johanne , Gold Christian
Published: May 2023

Importance

Parent-infant bonding contributes to long-term infant health but may be disrupted by preterm birth.

Objective

To determine if parent-led, infant-directed singing, supported by a music therapist and initiated in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), improves parent-infant bonding at 6 and 12 months.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This randomized clinical trial was conducted in level III and IV NICUs in 5 countries between 2018 and 2022. Eligible participants were preterm infants (under 35 weeks’ gestation) and their parents. Follow-up was conducted across 12 months (as part of the LongSTEP study) at home or in clinics. Final follow-up was conducted at 12 months’ infant-corrected age. Data were analyzed from August 2022 to November 2022.

Intervention

Participants randomized to music therapy (MT) plus standard care or standard care alone during NICU admission, or to MT plus standard care or standard care alone postdischarge, using computer-generated randomization (ratio 1:1, block sizes of 2 or 4 varying randomly), stratified by site (51 allocated to MT NICU, 53 to MT postdischarge, 52 to both, and 50 to neither). MT consisted of parent-led, infant-directed singing tailored to infant responses and supported by a music therapist 3 times per week throughout hospitalization or 7 sessions across 6 months’ postdischarge.

Main Outcome and Measure

Primary outcome was mother-infant bonding at 6 months’ corrected age, measured by the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ), with follow-up at 12 months’ corrected age, and analyzed intention-to-treat as group differences.

Results

Of 206 enrolled infants with 206 mothers (mean [SD] age, 33 [6] years) and 194 fathers (mean [SD] age, 36 [6] years) randomized at discharge, 196 (95.1%) completed assessments at 6 months and were analyzed. Estimated group effects for PBQ at 6 months’ corrected age were 0.55 (95% CI, −2.20 to 3.30; P = .70) for MT in the NICU, 1.02 (95% CI, −1.72 to 3.76; P = .47) for MT postdischarge, and −0.20 (95% CI, −4.03 to 3.63; P = .92) for the interaction (12 months: MT in NICU, 0.17; 95% CI, −2.71 to 3.05; P = .91; MT postdischarge, 1.78; 95% CI, −1.13 to 4.70; P = .24; interaction, −1.68; 95% CI, −5.77 to 2.41; P = .42). There were no clinically important between-group differences for secondary variables.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this randomized clinical trial, parent-led, infant-directed singing did not have clinically important effects on mother-infant bonding, but was safe and well-accepted.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03564184
Contour‐guided deep learning based deformable image registration for dose monitoring during CBCT‐guided radiotherapy of prostate cancer
Authors: Hemon Cédric , Rigaud Bastien , Barateau Anais , Tilquin Florian , Noblet Vincent , Sarrut David , Meyer Philippe , Bert Julien , De Crevoisier Renaud , Simon Antoine
Published: May 2023

Purpose

To evaluate deep learning (DL)‐based deformable image registration (DIR) for dose accumulation during radiotherapy of prostate cancer patients.

Methods and Materials

Data including 341 CBCTs (209 daily, 132 weekly) and 23 planning CTs from 23 patients was retrospectively analyzed. Anatomical deformation during treatment was estimated using free‐form deformation (FFD) method from Elastix and DL‐based VoxelMorph approaches. The VoxelMorph method was investigated using anatomical scans (VMorph_Sc) or label images (VMorph_Msk), or the combination of both (VMorph_Sc_Msk). Accumulated doses were compared with the planning dose.

Results

The DSC ranges, averaged for prostate, rectum and bladder, were 0.60–0.71, 0.67–0.79, 0.93–0.98, and 0.89–0.96 for the FFD, VMorph_Sc, VMorph_Msk, and VMorph_Sc_Msk methods, respectively. When including both anatomical and label images, VoxelMorph estimated more complex deformations resulting in heterogeneous determinant of Jacobian and higher percentage of deformation vector field (DVF) folding (up to a mean value of 1.90% in the prostate). Large differences were observed between DL‐based methods regarding estimation of the accumulated dose, showing systematic overdosage and underdosage of the bladder and rectum, respectively. The difference between planned mean dose and accumulated mean dose with VMorph_Sc_Msk reached a median value of +6.3 Gy for the bladder and −5.1 Gy for the rectum.

Conclusion

The estimation of the deformations using DL‐based approach is feasible for male pelvic anatomy but requires the inclusion of anatomical contours to improve organ correspondence. High variability in the estimation of the accumulated dose depending on the deformable strategy suggests further investigation of DL‐based techniques before clinical deployment.
Pulvinar neuromodulation for seizure monitoring and network modulation in temporal plus epilepsy
Authors: Vakilna Yash Shashank , Chaitanya Ganne , Hafeez Muhammad Ubaid , Ilyas Adeel , Saranathan Manojkumar , Gavvala Jay , Tandon Nitin , Pati Sandipan
Published: May 2023

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising treatment for drug‐refractory epilepsies (DRE) when targeting the anterior nuclei of thalamus (ANT). However, targeting other thalamic nuclei, such as the pulvinar, shows therapeutic promise. Our pioneering case study presents the application of ambulatory seizure monitoring using spectral fingerprinting (12.15–17.15 Hz) recorded through Medtronic Percept DBS implanted bilaterally in the medial pulvinar thalami. This technology offers unprecedented opportunities for real‐time monitoring of seizure burden and thalamocortical network modulation for effective seizure reduction in patients with bilateral mesial temporal and temporal plus epilepsies that are not suitable for resection.
Pearl‐Like Sheen in Soft Capsules: An Unusual Optical Effect that is Reversibly Induced by Temperature
Authors: Rath Medha , Fear Allison , Woehl Taylor J. , Raghavan Srinivasa R.
Published: May 2023

A pearl‐like sheen (i.e., pearlescence) is seen in many natural materials like nacre and in some commercial paints and cosmetics. This phenomenon is attributed to the interaction of light with plate‐like particles in the material. Here, for the first time, pearlescence is demonstrated in soft millimeter‐scale capsules that contain no plate‐like particles. The capsules have a thin (~500 µm) outer shell of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) hydrogel, which has a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of 32 °C. When a transparent NIPA‐shelled capsule is heated above this LCST, it turns pearlescent. The effect is reversible, with the transparent state being recovered upon cooling. This is the first example of reversible pearlescence in any solid. Specular reflectance measurements show that the pearlescence of the capsules is comparable to that of natural pearls. Pearlescence is not observed in NIPA hydrogels; it arises only in NIPA‐shelled capsules, and that too only when the shell is thin. Above its LCST, the NIPA shell shrinks and gets stretched, and nanoscale NIPA‐rich domains arise within this shell, which induce the pearlescence. This study sheds fresh insight into the nature of pearlescence, on how it can be tuned, and on how this property can be introduced into various soft materials.
Cross‐Doped Mn/Mo Oxides with Core‐Shell Structures Designed by a Self‐Template Strategy for Durable Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Haoran , Guo Ruisheng , Ma Yue , Zhou Feng
Published: May 2023

Manganese oxide as the star cathode material of aqueous zinc ion batteries is vigorously developed because of its environmental protection, outstanding theoretical capacity, and high voltage. However, severe Jahn–Teller distortion of trivalent Mn has detrimental effect on cyclic stability. Herein, 1D core‐shell bimetal oxide with cross‐doping of heteroatom is successfully designed by self‐template method via one‐step hydrothermal reaction. Specifically, the thick shell of Mo‐doped α‐MnO2 with increased nanopores, expanded lattice spacing, and high oxidation state not only contributes high capacity but also suppresses the lattice distortion due to the doping of high‐valent Mo6+; While the thin core of Mn‐doped MoO3 nanobelt supplies a shaped template, important Mo source, and improved conductive path. Therefore, this composite exhibits a superior capacity of 366.2 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and 100% capacity retention after 100 cycles, which effectively increases to 4.1 times from 1.5 times of pure α‐MnO2 based battery. Besides promoting the electrochemical performance in coin‐cell batteries, composite materials also balance the electrochemical and mechanical performances in flexible micro‐batteries with area energy density of 261.2 µWh cm−2. Therefore, this synergetic self‐template and cross‐doping strategy can extend to the material design of other high‐performance metal oxides for energy storage application.
Correlated Quantum Phenomena of Spin–Orbit Coupled Perovskite Oxide Heterostructures: Cases of SrRuO3 and SrIrO3 Based Artificial Superlattices
Authors: Jeong Seung Gyo , Oh Jin Young , Hao Lin , Liu Jian , Choi Woo Seok
Published: May 2023

Unexpected, yet useful functionalities emerge when two or more materials merge coherently. Artificial oxide superlattices realize atomic and crystal structures that are not available in nature, thus providing controllable correlated quantum phenomena. This review focuses on 4d and 5d perovskite oxide superlattices, in which the spin–orbit coupling plays a significant role compared with conventional 3d oxide superlattices. Modulations in crystal structures with octahedral distortion, phonon engineering, electronic structures, spin orderings, and dimensionality control are discussed for 4d oxide superlattices. Atomic and magnetic structures, Jeff = 1/2 pseudospin and charge fluctuations, and the integration of topology and correlation are discussed for 5d oxide superlattices. This review provides insights into how correlated quantum phenomena arise from the deliberate design of superlattice structures that give birth to novel functionalities.
Evidence for Anisotropic Superconductivity Beyond Pauli Limit in Infinite‐Layer Lanthanum Nickelates
Authors: Sun Wenjie , Li Yueying , Liu Ruxin , Yang Jiangfeng , Li Jiayi , Wei Wei , Jin Gangjian , Yan Shengjun , Sun Haoying , Guo Wei , Gu Zhengbin , Zhu Zengwei , Sun Yue , Shi Zhixiang , Deng Yu , Wang Xuefeng , Nie Yuefeng
Published: May 2023

After being expected to be a promising analog to cuprates for decades, superconductivity has recently been discovered in infinite‐layer nickelates, providing new opportunities to explore mechanisms of high‐temperature superconductivity. However, in sharp contrast to the single‐band and anisotropic superconductivity in cuprates, nickelates exhibit a multi‐band electronic structure and an unexpected isotropic superconductivity as reported recently, which challenges the cuprate‐like picture in nickelates. Here, it is shown that strong anisotropic magnetotransport behaviors exist in La‐based nickelate films with enhanced crystallinity and superconductivity ( = 18.8 K, = 16.5 K). The upper critical fields are anisotropic and violate the estimated Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) Pauli limit () for in‐plane magnetic fields. Moreover, the anisotropic superconductivity is further manifested by the cusp‐like peak of the angle‐dependent Tc and the vortex motion anisotropy under external magnetic fields.
Advances in Triboelectric Flow Sensor
Authors: Zou Yongjiu , Wang Junpeng , Hu Zhiyuan , Sun Minzheng , Liu Jianhua , Du Taili , Sun Peiting , Xu Minyi
Published: May 2023

With the rapid development of advanced materials and manufacturing technologies, flow sensors have made significant progress in the field of mechanical engineering, which could cater to the development trend of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the ongoing Fourth Industrial Revolution. However, traditional power supply modes such as lithium batteries require regular recharging or replacement, which greatly causes too much inconvenience and maintenance consumption, and may also pose potential risks to the marine environment. The triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), based on the coupling effect of contact electrification and electrostatic induction, have been demonstrated to convert mechanical movements of the fluid into electrical signals with various features such as flexibility, conformability, and user‐friendliness. This review systematically summarizes for the first time the fundamental working mechanism, rational structural design, and analysis of practical application scenarios of triboelectric flow sensor as an emerging technology for flow monitoring of the Industrial IoT. According to the different fluid objects monitored, the latest representative achievements of triboelectric flow sensors can be divided into gas flow sensors, liquid flow sensors, and two‐phase flow sensors. Finally, the current challenges and future development directions of triboelectric flow sensors are examined, which can promote the further development of the field of the flow sensors.
Radical Afterglow Emission Harnessed by Doping N,N’‐Diaryl‐5,10‐Dihydrophenazines to Epoxy Resins
Authors: Su Yonghao , Jin Xin , Su Jianhua , Feng Yanli , Wang Qiaochun , Zhang Zhiyun , Tian He , Ma Xiang
Published: May 2023

Developing radical‐induced afterglow emission under ambient conditions is challenging since newly formed radical species are susceptible to air and water. In this work, long afterglow materials (up to 4 s) are realized by doping a series of N,N’‐diaryl‐5,10‐dihydrophenazine (DPP)derivatives into rigid cycloaliphatic epoxy resins (CER). The afterglow is found to result from the interaction between the matrix and the excited states of the dopants through the generation of radical species under continuous UV excitation, which can be regulated by the peripheral functional groups of the N‐phenyl substituents. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations predict that the introduction of electron‐withdrawing groups hinders the afterglow emission, which may be related to the reducing reduction potential and inefficient spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) coefficients. The afterglow emission of the radical‐based systems demonstrates a bright opportunity for information encryption, anti‐counterfeiting, and photolithography.
Insights into Influencing Electrode Calendering on the Battery Performance
Authors: Abdollahifar Mozaffar , Cavers Heather , Scheffler Sören , Diener Alexander , Lippke Mark , Kwade Arno
Published: May 2023

As the demand for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) continuously grows, the necessity to improve their efficiency/performance also grows. For this reason, optimization of the individual production steps is critical. Calendering is a crucial production step whereby electrode coatings are compacted to targeted densities. This process affects the porosity, adhesion, thickness, wettability, and charge transport properties of the electrodes, as well as the homogeneity of the coatings. Optimal calendered electrodes improve volumetric energy density, cyclic stability, and rate capability of the cells and also enhance the structural stability of the active material, which affects electrode safety and polarization. This article outlines the fundamental processes and mechanisms, as well as how modeling, simulation, and tomography can be used to optimize these processes. Additionally, the influence of calendering on a wide range of anode and cathode active materials is discussed. This review serves to give a deeper understanding into the calendering process‐structure‐performance relationships, and how they can be optimized to improve the performance of LIBs.
Advances in Searching for Galactic Axions with a Dielectric Haloscope (MADMAX)
Authors: Gardikiotis Antonios ,   MADMAX Collaboration
Published: May 2023

Axions are hypothetical particles that could explain the observed dark matter density and, simultaneously, could naturally resolve the strong charge parity (CP) problem in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Recent theoretical works indicate that axions are expected to have masses in the range of , a range that presently still evades experimental detection. An experimental design is presented to search for QCD axions in this mass range via the magnetized disk and mirror axion experiment (MADMAX). MADMAX will be composed of multiple movable dielectric disks and a stable mirror that are placed inside a strong magnetic field to utilize the axion‐induced coherent electromagnetic wave emissions from each disk surface. In this paper, new R&D milestones achieved will be reported, that is, the updated magnet quench protection system, a closed booster dielectric haloscope system tested in the MORPURGO magnet at (European Organization for Nuclear Research) CERN using a full experimental data acquisition chain. These new main novel accomplishments investigate the feasibility of the experiment.
A Perioperative Specialty Elective to Address the Perioperative Nursing Shortage: Student Perspectives and Outcomes
Authors: Reuter Jessica , Spalla King Tara
Published: May 2023

To help solve the perioperative nursing shortage, it is imperative that health care leaders understand why students choose or do not choose to pursue a career in perioperative nursing. In May 2021, we published the results of a specialty elective course evaluation from a leadership and perioperative services personnel perspective; in the current article, we examine the same program from the students’ perspective. We distributed survey links to undergraduate nursing students to evaluate their perioperative knowledge before and after completing the course. Students reported large gains in knowledge, critical thinking, teamwork, and confidence at course completion, but the posttest mean number of students with an interest in pursuing perioperative nursing was lower than the pretest mean. This realization is perceived as a positive outcome of the perioperative elective course because it may lead to a decrease in turnover among newly hired perioperative nurses.
Optimal portfolio with relative performance and partial information: A mean‐field game approach
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Huang Pengyan
Published: May 2023

We use a mean‐field game (MFG) formulation to investigate a family of portfolio management problems with relative performance in a partially observable financial market. The stock price process is characterized by a factor model and investors can only observe past stock price data. All investors share a common investment period and have constant absolute risk aversion (CARA) utility functions. We construct explicit linear feedback equilibria for both a finite population game and a corresponding MFG. Filtering theory and dynamic programming method are involved to solve two kinds of optimization problems with partial information. Our results show that the limiting strategy for
‐agent game can be derived as equilibrium of suitable MFG in a partially observable financial market.
Repressing expression of difficult‐to‐express recombinant proteins during the selection process increases productivity of CHO stable pools
Authors: Maltais Jean‐Sébastien , Lord‐Dufour Simon , Morasse Audrey , Stuible Matthew , Loignon Martin , Durocher Yves
Published: May 2023

More than half of licensed therapeutic recombinant proteins (r‐proteins) are manufactured using constitutively‐expressing, stably‐transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) clones. While constitutive CHO expression systems have proven their efficacy for the manufacturing of monoclonal antibodies, many next‐generation therapeutics such as cytokines and bispecific antibodies as well as biological targets such as ectodomains of transmembrane receptors remain intrinsically challenging to produce. Herein, we exploited a cumate‐inducible CHO platform allowing reduced expression of various classes of r‐proteins during selection of stable pools. Following stable pool generation, fed‐batch productions showed that pools generated without cumate (OFF‐pools) were significantly more productive than pools selected in the presence of cumate (ON‐pools) for 8 out of the 10 r‐proteins tested, including cytokines, G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), the HVEM membrane receptor ectodomain, the multifunctional protein High Mobility Group protein B1 (HMGB1), as well as monoclonal and bispecific T‐cell engager antibodies. We showed that OFF‐pools contain a significantly larger proportion of cells producing high levels of r‐proteins and that these cells tend to proliferate faster when expression is turned off, suggesting that r‐protein overexpression imposes a metabolic burden on the cells. Cell viability was lower and pool recovery was delayed during selection of ON‐pools (mimicking constitutive expression), suggesting that high producers were likely lost or overgrown by faster‐growing, low‐producing cells. We also observed a correlation between the expression levels of the GPCRs with Binding immunoglobulin Protein, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker. Taken together, these data suggest that using an inducible system to minimize r‐protein expression during stable CHO pool selection reduces cellular stresses, including ER stress and metabolic burden, leading to pools with greater frequency of high‐expressing cells, resulting in improved volumetric productivity.
Basic research and clinical exploration of cold atmospheric plasma for skin wounds
Authors: Li Miaomiao , Gao Jing , Wang Liyun , Liu Jia , Fu Chuyu , Yang Xingyu , Zhang Shengquan , Li Xinwei , Luo Shengyong , Yang Chunjun
Published: May 2023

Skin wounds, such as burns, diabetic foot ulcers, pressure sores, and wounds formed after laser or surgical treatment, comprise a very high proportion of dermatological disorders. Wounds are treated in a variety of ways; however, some wounds are greatly resistant, resulting in delayed healing and an urgent need to introduce new alternatives. Our previous studies have shown that cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has antibacterial activity and promotes cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration in vitro. To further advance the role of CAP in wound healing, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of CAP in vitro by irradiation of common refractory bacteria on the skin, irradiation of normal skin of rats and observing reactions, treatment of scald wounds in rats, and treating clinically common acute wounds. Our findings revealed that CAP can eliminate refractory skin bacteria in vitro; CAP positively affected wound healing in a rat scalding wound model; and direct CAP irradiation of low intensity and short duration did not lead to skin erythema or edema. CAP promises to be a new, economical, and safe means of wound treatment.
New Glycerolipids from the Traditional Chinese Medicine of Syngnathus acus (Hai‐Long)
Authors: Gao Zhen , Wang Meng‐Xue , Gao Cheng‐Long , Chen Sha , Li Xu‐Wen
Published: May 2023

Two new glycerolipids, syngaculipids A and B (1 and 2), one first naturally occurring metabolite (8), together with five known compounds (3–7) were isolated from the AcOEt fraction of Syngnathus acus L. (Hai‐Long). Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectral analyses involving UV, IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra and ECD calculations. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against A549 and HCT‐116 cell lines. Compound 8 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 34.5 and 38.9 μM on the A549 and HCT‐116 cell lines, respectively.
A nested variant of urothelial carcinoma of the urethra and urinary bladder: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Taghizadeh Kermani Ali , Kalantari Mahmoud Reza , Pishevar Feizabad Zohreh , Arastouei Soudeh
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical Message

Nested variant of urothelial carcinoma (NV‐UC) is an extremely rare cancer with a nonspecific presentation. It is usually identified at a late stage, which makes the treatment challenging. Herein we report the case of a 52‐year‐old woman with an advanced NV‐UC treated by anterior exenteration after a poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. One year after completion of adjuvant radiotherapy, the patient remains disease‐free.
OQ‐IICA: Optimal QoS‐aware intra‐inter cluster data aggregation technique for IoT‐assisted WSNs using hybrid optimization techniques
Authors: Monica Satyavathi D. , Sudhir A. Ch.
Published: May 2023

The wireless sensor network (WSN) contains sensor nodes for understanding, communicating, and storing battery capacity data. Data collection can be defined as the process that base stations use to eliminate unwanted transmissions and provide mixed information. This improves energy efficiency and extends the life of low‐energy WSNs enabled by IoT (IoT‐WSNs). In this article, we propose an optimal QoS‐aware intra‐inter cluster data aggregation technique for WSNs using hybrid optimization techniques (OQ‐IICA). First, we introduce a modified bowerbird optimization (MBO) algorithm for balanced clustering which improves energy efficiency. Second, we develop a multi‐objective seagull optimization‐based decision‐making (MSO‐DM) algorithm to estimate the CH of clusters in the network. Next, we introduce a teacher‐inspired cappuccino search algorithm to ensure the quality of data transfer between nodes by learning through internal and cluster routing. Finally, the proposed OQ‐IICA algorithm compares the latest technologies in ICA, Leach, and Leach‐C power consumption, latency, throughput, latency, number of live nodes, routing, and grid length.
Homoleptic Alkynylpyridinium Au(I) Complexes as Organometallic ‘D‐π‐A’ Chromophores
Authors: Petrovskii Stanislav , Petrovskaia Alina , Sizova Anastasia , Sizov Vladimir , Grachova Elena
Published: May 2023

A series of terminal acetylenes bearing methylpyridinium acceptor group attached to the alkynyl unit with different π‐conjugated aromatic linker have been synthetized. These alkynylpyridinium salts are efficient ‘push‐pull’ chromophores demonstrating bright UV‐vis fluorescence with quantum yields up to 70 %. The homoleptic bis‐alkynyl Au(I) complexes based on these alkynylpyridinium ligands demonstrate complicated photophysical behavior including dual emission in solution. The variation of the linker allows one to tune the intrasystem charge transfer and thus to change the electronic and photophysical properties of the organogold ‘D‐π‐A’ system. This study demonstrates that absolute and relative intensities of the bands in emission spectra and their energies are responsive to solvent system and anion nature even in case of weakly coordinative anions. TDDFT calculations show that the transitions related to emission of the complex cations are strongly associated with the hybrid MLCT/ILCT charge transfer, thus demonstrating that the complex molecule acts as a unified ‘D‐π‐A’ system.
A review of caracal and jungle cat diets across their geographical ranges during 1842–2021
Authors: Parchizadeh Jamshid , Schooler Sarah L. , Adibi Mohammad Ali , Arias Mariano G. , Rezaei Sahar , Belant Jerrold L.
Published: May 2023

Co‐occurring carnivore species that are phylogenetically related or of similar size, morphology, and ecological needs often reduce competition by partitioning shared resources through temporal, spatial, and dietary niche segregation via behavioral adaptations. Caracals (Caracal caracal) and jungle cats (Felis chaus) co‐occur in portions of their geographical ranges and are expected to display resource segregation in these ranges. We compiled scat, stomach content, and prey remains found data from published and unpublished sources to summarize information on the diets of caracals and jungle cats across their geographical ranges during 1842–2021. We obtained 63 sources from 26 countries in Europe, Asia, and Africa, in which caracal diet included 151 species while jungle cat diet included 61 species. We found that caracals and jungle cats did not exhibit dietary niche partitioning and had greater dietary similarities in areas of range overlap. We also found that caracals consumed more diverse prey species including prey with greater average body mass compared to jungle cats. Our results suggest that greater prey diversity in areas of range overlap, caracal predation on wide range of prey, and opportunistic feeding behavior that facilitates consumption of more diverse prey species compared to jungle cats, may facilitate co‐occurrence between these two felid species.
Development of short‐target primers for species identification in biological studies of Carnivora
Authors: Liu Huiwen , Wang Dan , Zhang Chenglin , Pu Tianchun , Xiong Lijuan , Wei Fuwen , Hu Yibo
Published: May 2023

Noninvasive genetic sampling greatly facilitates studies on the genetics, ecology, and conservation of threatened species. Species identification is often a prerequisite for noninvasive sampling‐based biological studies. Due to the low quantity and quality of genomic DNA from noninvasive samples, high‐performance short‐target PCR primers are necessary for DNA barcoding applications. The order Carnivora is characterized by an elusive habit and threatened status. In this study, we developed three pairs of short‐target primers for identifying Carnivora species. The COI279 primer pair was suitable for samples with better DNA quality. The COI157a and COI157b primer pairs performed well for noninvasive samples and reduced the interference of nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (numts). COI157a could effectively identify samples from Felidae, Canidae, Viverridae, and Hyaenidae, while COI157b could be applied to samples from Ursidae, Ailuridae, Mustelidae, Procyonidae, and Herpestidae. These short‐target primers will facilitate noninvasive biological studies and efforts to conserve Carnivora species.
Evaluating impacts of non‐native submerged aquatic vegetation on native nekton
Authors: Wellman Emory H. , Trackenberg Stacy N. , Gilliland Virginia A. , Titus Ellen F. , Gittman Rachel K. , McCoy Michael W.
Published: May 2023

The introduction and spread of non‐native species restructure native ecosystems and can be particularly impactful when invaders are ecosystem engineers or habitat‐forming species. In coastal, estuarine, and marine systems, submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), like macroalgae and seagrasses, form key habitats for nekton, serving as nurseries, foraging grounds, and reproduction sites. If non‐native ecosystem engineers can provide sufficient structure and/or resources, they may exert a neutral or positive effect on organisms occupying higher trophic positions. As such, we hypothesized that nekton response to non‐native SAV species may be neutral or positive. We performed a quantitative meta‐analysis to quantify impacts of non‐native SAV on native crabs, fishes, and shrimps. We extracted data from 35 studies and evaluated 11 response metrics related to facilitation (e.g., habitat use and foraging), restricting our analysis to studies that compared at least one of these metrics in nekton from co‐occurring native and non‐native SAV habitats in marine, coastal, or estuarine systems. We found that nekton abundance, species richness, and biomass were the most assessed metrics of nekton performance. Our pooled data revealed differential results among response metrics, with nekton growth and reproduction enhanced in non‐native habitats and species richness enhanced in a native setting. The mean effect sizes for all other nekton response metrics, including abundance, had 95% CIs that overlapped zero, indicating no difference in response between native and non‐native SAV. For many endpoints, limited sample sizes prevented robust inferences, but they also highlighted areas where more research is needed in future studies. Non‐native species have the potential to restructure the systems they invade. Our results lend support to the relative trophic position hypothesis, indicating that non‐native habitat formers may facilitate native organisms in higher trophic levels. We identify research gaps that may guide future studies and allow for a more comprehensive understanding of responses to non‐native ecosystem engineers.
A scoping review of recent advances in the application of comet assay to Allium cepa roots
Authors: Alias Carlotta , Zerbini Ilaria , Feretti Donatella
Published: May 2023

The comet assay is a sensitive method for the evaluation of DNA damages and DNA repair capacity at single‐cell level. Allium cepa is a well‐established plant model for toxicological studies. The aim of this scoping review was to investigate the recent application of the comet assay in Allium cepa root cells to assess the genotoxicity. To explore the literature a search was performed selecting articles published between January 2015 and February 2023 from Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases using the combined search terms “Comet assay” and “Allium cepa”. All the original articles that applied the comet assay to Allium cepa root cells were included. Of the 334 records initially found, 79 articles were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. Some studies reported results for two or more toxicants. In these cases, the data for each toxicant were treated separately. Thus, the number of analyzed toxicants (such as chemicals, new materials, and environmental matrices) was higher than the number of selected papers and reached 90. The current use of the Allium‐comet assay seems to be directed towards two types of approach: the direct study of the genotoxicity of compounds, mainly biocides (20% of analyzed compounds) and nano‐ and microparticles (17%), and assessing a treatment's ability to reduce or eliminate genotoxicity of known genotoxicants (19%). Although the genotoxicity identified by the Allium‐comet assay is only one piece of a larger puzzle, this method could be considered a useful tool for screening the genotoxic potential of compounds released into the environment.
The moisture origin of dew: Insights from three sites with contrasting climatic conditions
Authors: Tian Chao , Wang Lixin , Li Fadong , Zhang Xiao , Jiao Wenzhe , Medici Marie‐Gabrielle , Farai Kaseke Kudzai , Beysens Daniel
Published: May 2023

Dew is one of the important moisture sources in many arid and semiarid regions. The knowledge of moisture origin of dew under various climatic conditions is still lacking. Isotopic variations can preserve information about moisture origin and formation mechanisms. Therefore, the isotopic compositions of dew and precipitation (δ2H, δ18O, δ17O, d‐excess, lc‐excess and 17O‐excess) were investigated at three sites with different climatic conditions (i.e., Gobabeb with extremely dry climate, Nice with Mediterranean climate and Indianapolis with humid continental climate). The results showed that there were three types of dew at Gobabeb: advective dew, groundwater‐derived dew, and shallow soil water‐derived dew, accounting for 27.3%, 45.4% and 27.3% of the dew events, respectively. The ultimate moisture sources of advective dew and the other two types of dew at Gobabeb were from the South Atlantic Ocean and a mixture of the Indian and South Atlantic Oceans, respectively. Dew in Nice included ocean‐derived dew from the North Atlantic Ocean with local evapotranspiration replenishment, and local‐derived dew, mainly from the continental Europe and Mediterranean Sea, accounting for 39.1% and 60.9% of the dew events, respectively. All the Indianapolis dew were likely local‐derived dew. Based on the moisture origins, the future dew trends were speculated under global warming. Dew frequencies at Gobabeb and Indianapolis under future climates are uncertain due to the concurrent increases in atmospheric water vapour and temperature. The local‐derived dew in Nice would likely decrease due to the decreasing precipitation and increasing drought, and the ocean‐derived dew under future climates is uncertain. This study provides a practical method to distinguish dew moisture sources, and such information is useful for future prediction of dew trends under climate change.
Quantitative analysis of a novel DNA hypermethylation panel using bronchial specimen for lung cancer diagnosis
Authors: Dou Maosen , Li Dan , Zhu Mengchan , Guo Wei , Miao Changhong , Li Min , Xue Ying , He Ruiping , Jiang Nan , Ge Di , Hu Qin , Shao Yue , Hou Yingyong , Wang Xuefei , Huang Xingxu , Liu Tianshu , Wang Qi , Wang Yuehong , Sun Jiayuan , Wang Weibing , Song Yuanlin , Hu Jie , Huang Qihong
Published: May 2023

Non‐diagnostic findings are common in transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) and endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial lung biopsy (EBUS‐TBLB). One of the challenges is to improve the detection of lung cancer using these techniques. To address this issue, we utilized an 850 K methylation chip to identify methylation sites that distinguish malignant from benign lung nodules. Our study found that a combination of HOXA7, SHOX2 and SCT methylation analysis has the best diagnostic yield in bronchial washing (sensitivity: 74.1%; AUC: 0.851) and brushing samples (sensitivity: 86.1%; AUC: 0.915). We developed a kit comprising these three genes and validated it in 329 unique bronchial washing samples, 397 unique brushing samples and 179 unique patients with both washing and brushing samples. The panel's accuracy in lung cancer diagnosis was 86.9%, 91.2% and 95% in bronchial washing, brushing and washing + brushing samples, respectively. When combined with cytology, rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE), and histology, the panel's sensitivity in lung cancer diagnosis was 90.8% and 95.8% in bronchial washing and brushing samples, respectively, and 100% in washing + brushing samples. Our findings suggest that quantitative analysis of the three‐gene panel can improve the diagnosis of lung cancer using bronchoscopy.