bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Confirmation Bias in Seeking Climate Information: Employing Relative Search Volume to Predict Partisan Climate Opinions
Authors: Wang Yifei , Jaidka Kokil
Published: March 2023

In an increasingly digitized world, online information-seeking (OIS) behaviors have reflected people’s intentions and constituted a critical component in synthesizing public opinion. Climate change is among the gravest threats facing the world today, and previous studies have adopted OIS data to gauge public interest in climate change. However, such studies have ignored the psychological attributes of search keywords and the role of social identities in influencing OIS. This study explores whether search strategies align with the expected confirmation biases of regions with different partisan beliefs. We use spatial web search trends to show the significant differences in the search keywords adopted by the Democrat-majority (“climate change”) versus the Republican-majority (“global warming”) regions of the United States. Furthermore, using the region-level search and survey data (2008–2018), we demonstrate that the preferential use of search keywords can predict climate opinions. This study concludes by discussing the significant findings and the open questions for future work.
Development of tool wear condition on-line monitoring method for impeller milling based on new data processing approach and DAE-BP-ANN-integrated modeling
Authors: Zou Zheng , Gao Xu , Lei Sicong , Zhang Hao , Min Rongcheng , Yang Yong
Published: March 2023

Tool wear condition monitoring plays an important role in the maintaining machining accuracy and machining efficiency of complex surface parts. In this study, a new on-line tool wear monitoring method based on a self-developed data processing approach for the impeller milling was proposed. To achieve that, a new tool wear experimental platform was first built to collect both the spindle current signal and thermal deformation data in entire life cycle of cutter. Based on collected data, features of the time domain, frequency domain and time-frequency domain were extracted indiscriminately, and a 38 × 156 feature-sample set was subsequently established. To further reduce the dimensions of this feature-sample set and rise its characterization capability, the feature set was further processed using the sensitivity analysis and deep auto-encoder algorithm. Finally, 12 synthesized features were filtered out and then used to build the mapping model of signal synthesized features to different tool wear conditions by adopting the structural artificial neural network (ANN) integrated with back propagation (BP) algorithm. To verify the reliability of the proposed BP-ANN-integrated tool wear condition monitoring model, another comparison analysis of different data processing approaches was conducted. The comparison results showed that the proposed method for tool wear condition online monitoring had reliable performance and the recognition accuracy was 88.9%.
Design and analysis of a triangular bi-axial flexure hinge
Authors: Lin Jun-wei , Zhao Yang , Wu Qing-wen , Han Ha-si-ao-qi-er , Yu Peng , Zhang Yang
Published: March 2023

To achieve the requirement of flexure hinges for specific optical precision equipment, a new triangular bi-axial flexure hinge is proposed. The analysis model for the flexibility of the triangular bi-axial flexure hinges is derived. After that, the linear and nonlinear finite element methods are used to verify the analysis model. Then, the physical dimensions of the hinge are optimized using the multi-island genetic algorithm in conjunction with the finite element method, and the rotational stiffness and center drift are diminished. Static analysis and modal analysis of the hinge are conducted. A test system was built to gage the flexure hinge’s rotational stiffness. The results demonstrated that there was good agreement between the analytically calculated value, simulated calculated value, and experimental value. To summarize, the analysis model met the design requirements of the triangular bi-axial flexible hinge, and the multi-island genetic algorithm effectively optimized the physical dimensions of the hinge and enhanced its performance. The design process provides new ideas for the design of other forms of hinges.
Gearbox fault diagnosis based on frequency-domain Gramian angular difference field and deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Zhang Jianqun , Zhang Qing , Feng Wenzong , Qin Xianrong , Sun Yuantao
Published: March 2023

Gearbox fault diagnosis is of great significance to avoid accidents and reduce operation and maintenance costs for machinery such as the quayside container crane. In recent years, mechanical fault diagnosis methods based on deep learning have developed rapidly. How to perform diagnosis simply based on deep learning in the case of limited labeled samples is still a challenging problem. To address this issue, this paper proposes a new fault diagnosis method combining the frequency-domain Gramian angular difference field (FDGADF) and deep convolutional neural network (DCNN), namely, FDGADF-DCNN. To explore the availability of the FDGADF-DCNN method, two experiment datasets are studied. When the proportion of labeled samples is 70%, the recognition accuracy of both datasets exceeds 98%. When only 20% of the labeled samples are available (the average number of training samples in each category is only dozens), FDGADF-DCNN can achieve a recognition accuracy of no less than 95% in two datasets, in which a benchmark dataset is 100% and the dataset collected from a scaled-down test bench is 95%. Compared with other 11 methods, the FDGADF-DCNN method achieves the highest recognition accuracy. These results indicate that the FDGADF-DCNN method is expected to be used for gearbox fault diagnosis under limited labeled samples.
Study of effective utilization of the Al2O3 nanoparticle for the enhancement of steel surface properties after cooling operation
Authors: Swain Biswajit Kumar , Pati Akash Ranjan , Mohapatra Soumya Sanjeeb
Published: March 2023

The utilization of the additives in a coolant is a challenge for the current generation researchers. Therefore, in the current investigation, an effort has been made to develop a coating after the deposition of the Al2O3 nanoparticle. Before the deposition, the nanofluid has been characterized using XRD, TEM, and cryo-TEM techniques. After the formation of the coating, in addition to the physical characterization, the water interaction characteristic of the coating has also been investigated. The surface analysis of the heat-treated steel by nanofluid ascertains the existence of superhydrophobicity by depicting a contact angle of 168.8° ± 1.6 and sliding angle 8° ± 1 due to the deposition of nanoparticles on the steel surface. The surface roughness of the coating, which was determined by AFM technique, has been expected to be the main reason for the attainment of superhydrophobicity. The adhesion strength of the coating was investigated by a peeling test and the results revealed that the coating retained its superhydrophobicity up to 15 cycles. Although the nanocoating retained its superhydrophobicity up to 10 cycles, the coating can survive up to 60 cycles of abrasion resistance. Furthermore, the coating also retained its superhydrophobicity up to 10 days of immersion in a salty environment.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of A7N01-T4 aluminum alloy metal inert gas welded joints filled with self-designed 7A48 aluminum alloy wire
Authors: Li Zhi , Xu Rongzheng , Guo Xuming , Zhang Yan , Wei Zhicheng
Published: March 2023

7××× aluminum alloy is a metal with a high tendency to weld cracks. In the welding process, 7××× aluminum alloy wire was seldom used but low strength matching 4××× and 5××× aluminum alloy wire was used for joining, which had poor mechanical properties of welded joints. In this paper, a self-designed low copper 7A48 wire containing scandium was used as filler material for metal inert gas (MIG) welding of 4 mm thick A7N01-T4 aluminum alloy plates. The results show that the A7N01-T4 MIG welded joints were obtained with good seam formation and no crack formation. The equiaxed dendrites in the weld zone were found. The precipitated phases were primarily Mg-rich and Zn-rich, forming a typical 7××× aluminum alloy structure. In the fusion zone, fine equiaxial crystals were found, with a width of about 100 μm. In the heat-affected zone, grains growth occurred and the precipitated phase was dissolved or aggregated. The hardness of the WZ reached 81.7% of that of the base material and the softening of the WZ was not significant. The average tensile strength and elongation of the specimens were 364.9 MPa and 17.5%, respectively. The tensile fracture occurred in WZ and the fracture was dominated by microporous aggregation shear fractures with localized cleavage fractures occurring.
Predictive modeling of tool wear in rotary tool micro-ultrasonic machining
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Dvivedi Akshay , Tiwari Tanmay , Tewari Maneesh
Published: March 2023

In the current research endeavor, the predictive model of tool wear in rotary tool micro-ultrasonic machining (RTMUSM) process using artificial intelligence has been reported for the first time. An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and artificial neural network (ANN) approaches are adopted for modeling of total volumetric wear (TVW) in RTMUSM process. The models were developed after conducting the exhaustive experimentation. Six RTMUSM input process parameters (i.e. abrasive size, rotation speed, depth of channel, slurry concentration, feed rate, and power rating) were selected as input data with TVW of tool as output data. The developed model has been validated through experimental results. Further, statistical analysis by calculating variance account for (VAF), coefficient of correlation ( R-value), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and root mean square error (RMSE) was carried out to estimate the potential of the models. The results obtained by statistical analysis proclaimed that the performance of ANFIS model ( R-value = 0.9966, MAPE = 1.26%, RMSE = 1.11%, and VAF = 99.94) was superior as compared to ANN model and it can be used to measure the TVW of tool in RTMUSM. Furthermore, genetic algorithm based optimization was performed and required wear compensation of tool is recommended.
Disadvantaged-Group Members’ Experiences of Life Transitions: The Positive Impact of Social Connectedness and Group Memberships
Authors: Iyer Aarti , Jetten Jolanda
Published: March 2023

Whether life transitions are anticipated or unforeseen, they can be challenging to navigate because the change process involves a period of uncertainty and adjustment. Specifically, transitions often require social identity change, whereby individuals leave one or more social groups behind and join one or more groups in the new environment. Such changes can be especially hard when individuals belong to a disadvantaged group (e.g., a low-income or racial- or ethnic-minority group) because they also have to contend with the additional hurdle of systemic inequality. Yet members of disadvantaged groups also have resources to navigate social identity change during life transitions—resources that facilitate and support successful social identity change. We review our research with immigrants and university students to show how individuals’ social connectedness with groups can facilitate positive outcomes during life transitions, including social integration, psychological well-being, positive beliefs about the self, and successful academic performance. In particular, we consider individuals’ group memberships prior to the transition and the new identities they adopt in the new context as key determinants of successful identity change. We conclude with implications for policy and practice.
Institutional Inversion and “Demand-Side” Versus “Supply-Side” Views of Culture
Authors: Cohen Dov , Seo Minjae , Lawless Robert M.
Published: March 2023

Institutional inversion occurs when collective attitudes lead to institutions that in turn lead to behaviors that are the opposite of those attitudes. We illustrate this process with the case of debt, in which antidebtor attitudes in Protestant (vs. Catholic) cultures led to institutions that fostered higher household indebtedness. We describe three factors hypothesized to make institutional inversion more likely: erroneous lay theories (particularly those that take a “demand-side” vs. a “supply-side” view of culture), moralization, and narrow construals (in terms of time, goals, and populations considered).
Experimental study on the evolutionary characteristics of acoustic signals produced by granite damage under uniaxial compression
Authors: Su Guoshao , Chen Xianjie , Sun Guikai , Chen Bingrui , Zhao Guofu
Published: March 2023

Acoustic signals emitted during rock fracture constitute an important tool for rock damage evaluation. To investigate the evolutionary characteristics of acoustic emission (AE), microseismic (MS), and sound signals produced by hard rock fracture, uniaxial compression tests on granite specimens observed by AE, MS and sound monitoring were carried out. The evolution characteristics of the acoustic signal index, including its waveform, fractal dimension, b value, main frequency, energy proportion of signal frequency bands, and signal activeness, were analysed. The results indicate that there are significant differences in some characteristics of the AE, MS, and sound on the eve of granite failures, such as the waveform amplitude density, the average decline rate of the b value, the distribution of the main frequency, and the evolution of the energy proportion of the advantage frequency band. The three types of acoustic signals can characterize different scales of rock fracture under uniaxial compression. AE is sensitive to small-scale rock fractures, and MS and sound are sensitive to large-scale rock fractures. In addition, a unified damage evolution equation established by acoustic signals is proposed to quantitatively describe the damage process of granite specimens during uniaxial compression tests.
Artificial Intelligence and Groups: Effects of Attitudes and Discretion on Collaboration
Authors: Bezrukova Katerina , Griffith Terri L. , Spell Chester , Rice Vincent , Yang Huiru Evangeline
Published: March 2023

We theorize about human-team collaboration with AI by drawing upon research in groups and teams, social psychology, information systems, engineering, and beyond. Based on our review, we focus on two main issues in the teams and AI arena. The first is whether the team generally views AI positively or negatively. The second is whether the decision to use AI is left up to the team members (voluntary use of AI) or mandated by top management or other policy-setters in the organization. These two aspects guide our creation of a team-level conceptual framework modeling how AI introduced as a mandated addition to the team can have asymmetric effects on collaboration level depending on the team’s attitudes about AI. When AI is viewed positively by the team, the effect of mandatory use suppresses collaboration in the team. But when a team has negative attitudes toward AI, mandatory use elevates team collaboration. Our model emphasizes the need for managing team attitudes and discretion strategies and promoting new research directions regarding AI’s implications for teamwork.
Axial Plane Rotation of the Talus in Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity: A Weightbearing Computed Tomography Analysis
Authors: Kim Jaeyoung , Rajan Lavan , Henry Jensen , Mizher Rami , Kumar Prashanth , Srikumar Syian , Demetracopoulos Constantine , Ellis Scott , Deland Jonathan
Published: March 2023

Background:

Progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD) is recognized as a 3-dimensional deformity centered around the talus. Previous studies have described some features of talar motion in the ankle mortise in PCFD, such as sagging in the sagittal plane or valgus tilt in the coronal plane. However, axial plane alignment of the talus in the ankle mortise in PCFD has not been investigated extensively. The purpose of this study was to examine this axial plane alignment of PCFD vs controls using weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT) images and to determine if talar rotation in the axial plane is associated with increased abduction deformity, as well as to assess the medial ankle joint space narrowing in PCFD that may be associated with axial plane talar rotation.

Methods:

Multiplanar reconstructed WBCT images of 79 patients with PCFD and 35 control patients (39 scans) were retrospectively analyzed. The PCFD group was divided into 2 subgroups depending on preoperative talonavicular coverage angle (TNC): moderate abduction (TNC 20-40 degrees, n=57) and severe abduction (TNC >40 degrees, n=22). Using the transmalleolar (TM) axis as a reference, the axial alignment of the talus (TM-Tal), calcaneus (TM-Calc), and second metatarsal (TM-2MT) were calculated. Difference between TM-Tal and TM-Calc was calculated to examine talocalcaneal subluxation. A second method to assess talar rotation within the mortise utilized an angle between the lateral malleolus and the talus (LM-Tal) in the axial slices of WBCT. In addition, the prevalence of medial tibiotalar joint space narrowing was assessed. These parameters were compared between the control and PCFD groups, and between moderate and severe abduction groups.

Results:

The talus was significantly more internally rotated with respect to the ankle TM axis and the lateral malleolus in PCFD patients compared to controls, and in the severe abduction group compared with the moderate abduction group, using both measurement methods. Axial calcaneal orientation did not differ between groups. There was significantly greater axial talocalcaneal subluxation in the PCFD group, and this was also greater in the severe abduction group. The prevalence of medial joint space narrowing was higher in PCFD patients.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that talar malrotation in the axial plane should be considered an underlying feature of abduction deformity in PCFD. The malrotation occurs in both the talonavicular and ankle joints. This rotational deformity should be corrected at the time of reconstructive surgery, especially in cases of severe abduction deformity. In addition, medial ankle joint narrowing was observed in PCFD patients, with a higher prevalence of medial ankle joint narrowing in those with severe abduction.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, case-control study.
Use of the Heterosexist Harassment, Rejection, and Discrimination Scale With Different Sexual Orientation, Gender, and Racial/Ethnic Groups: An Examination of Measurement Invariance
Authors: Feinstein Brian A. , Khan Aaminah , Chang Cindy J. , Miller Steven A.
Published: March 2023

The Heterosexist Harassment, Rejection, and Discrimination Scale (HHRDS) is one of the most commonly used measures of sexual orientation-related discrimination, but little is known about its psychometric properties across different sexual orientations, gender, and racial/ethnic groups. A three-factor model was initially obtained, but most studies treat the HHRDS unidimensionally. Therefore, we tested whether the HHRDS exhibited measurement invariance across sexual orientation, gender, and racial/ethnic groups among 792 sexual minority young adults (aged 18–29) who participated in an online study. Across models, the three-factor solution fit better than the one-factor solution. All models achieved configural invariance and most achieved metric invariance; none of the considered models achieved scalar invariance (1–3 items were not equivalent across groups, depending on the comparison). Findings suggest that the HHRDS generally functions equivalently across sexual orientation, gender, and racial/ethnic groups, but some caution in interpreting scores is warranted.
Protective Buffering: Nurses Facilitating Communication Between Adults With Cancer and Their Adult Family Caregivers Who Overprotect One Another—An Integrative Review
Authors: Rothausen Camilla S. , Clausen Anne M. , Voltelen Barbara , Dieperink Karin B.
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study was to explore how nurses can alleviate protective buffering between adult patients with cancer and their adult family caregivers (PROSPERO No. CRD42020207072). An integrative review was conducted. PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for primary research articles published between January 2010 and April 2022. Only research conducted in oncology, hematology, or multiple settings and investigating communication between adult patients with cancer and their adult family caregivers and/or the communication between patients, family caregivers, and nurses was included. The constant comparison method outlined the approach to the analysis and synthesis of the included studies. Titles and abstracts of 7,073 references were screened; 22 articles (19 qualitative and three quantitative studies) were included in the review. Three themes emerged during data analysis: (a) family coping, (b) an isolating journey, and (c) the nurse’s role. A study limitation was that “protective buffering” is not a common term in the nursing literature. There is a need for further research on protective buffering in families with cancer, particularly on psychosocial interventions that focus on the whole family across various cancer types.
Effect of Imatinib treatment on renal anaemia in chronic myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Singh Avinash Kumar , Vidyadhari Arya , Bhurani Dinesh , Agrawal Narendra , Ahmed Rayaz , Sharma Manju
Published: March 2023

Purpose

In this study, we investigate renal function and anaemia during imatinib treatment in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia.

Methods

The patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia with chronic phase who had been treated with only imatinib for 12 months at Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre (New Delhi, India) were enrolled and prospectively analysed. The chronic renal impairment parameters, including estimated glomerular filtration rate and haemoglobin levels for anaemia from June 2020 to June 2022, were monitored in newly diagnosed in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia-chronic phase. The data were analysed by SPSS software version 22.

Results

In total 55 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia chronic phase who had been on imatinib for 12 months were monitored. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was significantly decreased (74 ± 14 to 59 ± 12 mL/min/1.73m2, p < 0.001) with a decrease in mean haemoglobin levels after 12 months (10.9 ± 2.01 to 9.0 ± 1.02, p < 0.004). The decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate was negatively correlated with haemoglobin levels after 1 year of imatinib administration (correlation coefficient = 0.892, R2 = 0.7976, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

We recommended close monitoring of renal function and haemoglobin levels in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia patients.
AEJMC Advertising Division 2022 Teaching Pre-Conference Review: Leading Our Students Into the Future: Minding the Gap Between the Industry and Academia
Authors: Spring Robin , Lou Shanshan
Published: March 2023

The Advertising Division of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication held its 25th annual Teaching Pre-Conference on the topic of bridging the skill gap between the industry and academia. Fifteen notable speakers shared with advertising educators what is changing and what is needed from young professionals entering the field. Professionals from 13 top ad agencies/organizations representing a variety of roles in advertising discuss their jobs and what advertising educators should know in the current environment. Five dominant themes that emerged from the presentations are culture, inquisitiveness, soft skills, storytelling, and connection. Implications and teaching advice for ad educators are further discussed in the report.
Health Risks of Major Air Pollutants, their Drivers and Mitigation Strategies: A Review
Authors: Maji Sanjoy , Ahmed Sirajuddin , Kaur-Sidhu Maninder , Mor Suman , Ravindra Khaiwal
Published: March 2023

The impact of increasing air pollution on human health and the environment is a major concern worldwide. Exposure to air pollution is one of the leading risk factors and substantially contributes to morbidity and premature mortality. This review paper aims to examine the exposure of major air pollutants (i.e., particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide) and its association with respiratory, cardiovascular, reproductive, and genotoxic adverse health outcomes that can cause DNA damage leading to genetic mutations. The study emphasized how a better understanding of source-receptor relationships and exposure assessment methodologies can support effective air quality management planning. Hence, there is a need to augment various exposure indicators (spatial modeling, personal/area monitoring, emphasizing central/rural site measurements, etc.) to generate reliable surrogates for informed decision-making. The critical drivers of anthropogenic interference for air pollution remain urbanization, growing vehicle use, and industrialization. This requires innovative approaches, such as energy-efficient and technologically sustainable solutions to gradually replace conventional fossil fuel from primary energy mix with renewable energy. It holds the key to meet future energy challenges and minimizing air pollution emissions. Further, there is an urgent need to frame effective public policy with graded mitigation actions to reduce the adverse impact of air pollution on human health and the environment.
Comparative Spatial Intimacies and the Affective Geography of Home: Imaginaries and Sense-Regimes in the Soviet-Era Baltics
Authors: Annus Epp
Published: March 2023

This essay investigates Soviet-era homesites in the Baltic states as combinations of home imaginaries and people’s affective, sensorial relationship to the materiality of their home space. The aspect of relationality is foregrounded: the primary level of meaning-making as regards one’s quotidian home life, the article suggests, takes place at the level of comparative spatial intimacies—that is, in relation to one’s own bodily movement in space and the objects, locations, impressions, but also the ideas, norms, and values encountered and embedded in these movements. Home experience unfolds on the scene of comparative studies, where different homes form dialogues and chains of movement in space. Both intimacies and imaginaries emerge as multiscalar, being deeply personal and closely family related, but also generational and class related, and including also transnational and/or officially endorsed ideas and values. The scene of comparative intimacies is exemplified on the basis of three homesites: Soviet prefab apartment buildings, pre-Soviet farm homes, and Soviet-era summer homes. The common homing model in the Soviet-era Baltics included at least two, if not three homely sites: while most people lived in urban environments, summer vacations were typically spent in a pre-Soviet farm home or in a recently built summer home. Of these different homescapes, each supported their inhabitants’ identities in their own specific ways, each offered a different regime of spatial sensibilities, a different combination of sensations, relationscapes, and imaginaries. The essay accommodates methods of geopoetics and includes analysis of fictional texts, life writing, and the embodied presence of the author.
Organization encounters a new virus: A cautionary tale of othering and (not) learning
Authors: Riad Sally
Published: March 2023

The world’s dire experience with a new coronavirus has shown that the (re)organization embedded in managing a virus and knowledge on organization(s) and management are out of joint. This article entwines life story into reflections on the pandemic to illustrate how knowledge relations are afflicted by othering that constrains learning and facilitates the conditions of possibility for precarious pandemics. In doing so, the account scrutinizes both knowledge activities and domains of scholarship as it navigates tensions between the works of Latour and Foucault. The article is structured into four parts. Theoria focuses on the textual body and the politics of ‘willful blindness’ that segregate the ‘theoretical other’; Praxis addresses the human body, operational knowledge and the ‘everyday geopolitics of fear’ that heroicize the ‘essential other’; Regimen examines the social body, regulatory knowledge and the ‘political economy of truth’ that contests the ‘prescribing other’ and Poiesis addresses the global body, productive knowledge and the international geopolitics that distance the cultural and national other. Each activity poses relational tensions that confront organization which compel us to extend organizational scholarship in ways that facilitate its articulation with scholarship on the virus and invite us to approach knowledge on pandemic (re)organization as a joint cause.
‘Listening closely’ to mediated intimacies and podcast intimacies inSong Exploder
Authors: Clarke Kyra , Bjork Collin
Published: March 2023

Intimacy is an important and growing concept in both media studies and podcast studies. But research regarding intimacies in both disciplines has yet to fully account for the connection between sound and normativity, which is essential to podcasting and important to mediated intimacies more broadly. In this article, we mobilise scholarship from these two fields to analyse the award-winning music podcast Song Exploder. Our study highlights that attending to intimacies in podcasting involves both analysing how the story structure aligns with social norms and listening critically to the ways the sound design and audio editing complements and complicates these intimate stories. We contend that identifying the intersection of sound and normativity in this podcast contributes to understanding the cultural work of podcasting and underscores the key role of sound in mediated intimacies.
Polanyi’s discovery of society and the digital phase of the industrial revolution
Authors: Curran Dean
Published: March 2023

Polanyi’s (1957 [1944]) The Great Transformation stands as a towering analysis of the industrial revolution and a powerful social warning against social and natural damage driven by the pursuit of maximal economic value. Polanyi envisioned that the ‘discovery of society’, due to its radical neglect during the industrial revolution, led to this new social knowledge resulting in the end of laissez-faire and the self-regulating market. Yet, the most recent phase of the industrial revolution, the digital phase, suggests that many of the same failures to manage industrial revolutions are occurring again. In particular, looking at the emerging digital economy through the prism of Polanyi’s social theory, this article argues that the changes driven by the digital economy, specifically in terms of the reshaping of attention and sociality and the increasing potential for ‘normal catastrophes’, suggests that Polanyi’s lesson of the destructive power of the self-regulating market is again being neglected.
A new calculation method of mean skin temperature for assessment of thermal comfort
Authors: Zhao Qiantao , Lian Zhiwei , Xu Xinbo
Published: March 2023

The current calculation methods of mean skin temperature did not work so well in some thermal comfort evaluations, especially under local thermal stimulation or uniform thermal environment. In this paper, a new calculation method for mean skin temperature was established, at the same time, distribution of receptors, gender difference, ambient temperature and local thermal stimulation spots. A subject experiment was conducted to validate the new method. In three conditions with different indoor air temperatures, local stimulation of different temperatures was given to the forehead, back and sole of the feet of 10 subjects in winter and 24 subjects in summer, respectively. Results showed that the current method showed much higher accuracy in predicting subjects’ thermal comfort than conventional methods, especially for females. This new calculation method provides an improved tool for thermal comfort assessment, and it has guiding significance for future research on thermal comfort.
Successive approximate solutions for nonlinear oscillation and improvement of the solution accuracy with efficient non-perturbative technique
Authors: El-Dib Yusry O , Alyousef Haifa A
Published: March 2023

In the present study, several successive approximate solutions of the nonlinear oscillator are derived by using the efficient frequency formula. A systematical analysis of the formulation of the nonlinear frequency helps to establish a general periodic solution. Each approximation represents, individually, the solution of the nonlinear oscillator. For the optimal design and accurate prediction of structural behavior, a new optimizer is demonstrated for efficient solutions. The classical Duffing frequency formula has been modified. The numerical calculations show high agreement with the exact frequency. The justifiability of the obtained solutions is confirmed by comparison with the numerical solution. It is shown that the enhanced solution is accurate for large amplitudes and is not restricted to oscillations that have small amplitudes. The new approach can provide a perfect approximation for the nonlinear oscillation.
The Case for Drug War Reparations
Authors: Flanigan Jessica , Freiman Christopher
Published: March 2023

Jessica Flanigan and Christopher Freiman on the undoing of unjust policy.
Professors, We (Still) Need You!
Authors: Ghaziani Amin
Published: March 2023

Amin Ghaziani interviews Nicholas Kristof about the state of social science in news and policy.
Diaper Despair and Deflecting Inequalities
Authors: Randles Jennifer , Sherman Jennifer
Published: March 2023

How class blindness undermines collective solutions to collective problems–and creates a situation that just plain stinks.
From Matamoros to Reynosa: Migrant Camps on the U.S.-Mexico Border
Authors: Bermudez Tapia Bertha Alicia
Published: March 2023

Inside the migrant camps emerging and being erased at the U.S.-Mexico border, we glimpse liminal lives crafted by punitive immigration policy yet sustained by hope.
Child Removal Fears and Black Mothers’ Medical Decision-Making
Authors: Smith DeAnna Y. , Roane Alexus
Published: March 2023

Fear of state punishment joins medical mistrust and experiences of discrimination as Black women consider whether and where to seek medical care for themselves and their children.
Effects of Exercise Training on the Phosphoproteomics of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Rats With Autism Spectrum Disorder Induced by Valproic Acid
Authors: Tu Genghong , Guo Youli , Xiao Ruoshi , Tang Lianying , Hu Min , Liao Bagen
Published: March 2023

Background

The key neural pathological characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) include abnormal synaptic plasticity of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Exercise therapy is widely used to rehabilitate children with ASD, but its neurobiological mechanism is unclear.

Methods

To clarify whether the structural and molecular plasticity of synapses in the mPFC are related to improvement in ASD behavioral deficits after continuous exercise rehabilitation training, we applied phosphoproteomic, behavioral, morphological, and molecular biological methods to investigate the impact of exercise on the phosphoprotein expression profile and synaptic structure of the mPFC in valproic acid (VPA)-induced ASD rats.

Results

Exercise training differentially regulated the density, morphology, and ultrastructure of synapses in mPFC subregions in the VPA-induced ASD rats. In total, 1031 phosphopeptides were upregulated and 782 phosphopeptides were downregulated in the mPFC in the ASD group. After exercise training, 323 phosphopeptides were upregulated, and 1098 phosphopeptides were downregulated in the ASDE group. Interestingly, 101 upregulated and 33 downregulated phosphoproteins in the ASD group were reversed after exercise training, and these phosphoproteins were mostly involved in synapses. Consistent with the phosphoproteomics data, the total and phosphorylated levels of the proteins MARK1 and MYH10 were upregulated in the ASD group and reversed after exercise training.

Conclusions

The differential structural plasticity of synapses in mPFC subregions may be the basic neural architecture of ASD behavioral abnormalities. The phosphoproteins involved in mPFC synapses, such as MARK1 and MYH10, may play important roles in the exercise rehabilitation effect on ASD-induced behavioral deficits and synaptic structural plasticity, which requires further investigation.
Prophylactic relining for bridging stent compression after thoracoabdominal endovascular aneurysm repair: Myth or reality?
Authors: Xodo Andrea , Pilon Fabio , Desole Alessandro , Barbui Federico , Zaramella Massimiliano , Milite Domenico
Published: March 2023

Background/objective

Target vessels related complications are one of the most important ‘Achille’s heel’ of complex thoracoabdominal endovascular procedures. The aim of this report is to describe a case of spontaneous bridging stent-graft (BSG) delayed expansion in a patient treated for type III mega-aortic syndrome, associated with aberrant right subclavian artery and independent origin of the two common carotid arteries.

Methods

The patient underwent different surgical procedures (ascending aorta replacement with carotid arteries debranching, bilateral carotid-subclavian bypass with subclavian origins embolization and TEVAR in zone 0, associated with a multibranched thoracoabdominal endograft deployment). Visceral vessels stenting was performed using balloon-expandable BSGs for celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery and right renal artery, while for the left renal artery a 6 × 60 mm self-expandable BSG was deployed. The first follow-up (FU) by computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed a severe compression of the left renal artery BSG. Considering the challenging access to the directional branches (SAT’s debranching and a tightly curve of the steerable sheath inside the branched main body), a conservative treatment was considered, performing a control CTA after 6-months.

Results

Six months later, the CTA demonstrated a spontaneous expansion of the BSG, with a two-fold increase in the minimum stent diameter, excluding the need for new reinterventions such as angioplasty or BSG relining.

Conclusions

Directional branch compression is a frequent complication during BEVAR; however, in this case, it spontaneously resolved after 6 months, without the need for secondary adjunctive procedures. Further studies on predictor factors for BSG related adverse events and regarding spontaneous delayed BSGs’ expansion mechanisms are needed.
The indirect effects of transformational leadership in soccer programmes for socio-economically disadvantaged individuals: Need satisfaction as a mechanism towards personal development
Authors: Donnelly Jordan , Arthur Rosie , Arthur Calum , Cowan Daryl
Published: March 2023

Objectives

The purpose of the present study was to examine the direct and indirect effects of coach transformational leadership (TL) on the current lives of socio-economically disadvantaged individuals within a sport-based education programme.

Design

Cross-sectional.

Methods

159 participants completed questionnaires on the perceptions of their lead coaches’ TL, perceived basic need satisfaction (autonomy, competence, relatedness) in relation to programme attendance, and feelings of resilience and life-satisfaction in their current life.

Results

PROCESS analysis revealed that all differentiated TL behaviours (but high-performance expectations) had a positive indirect effect on outcomes (resilience and life-satisfaction) via competence and a negative indirect effect on outcomes via relatedness. High-performance expectations demonstrated a direct effect on life satisfaction.

Conclusion

The results demonstrate how distinct coach transformational behaviours impact differently on the lives of disadvantaged individuals within a sports-based education programme. The differentiated conceptualisation of TL revealed nuanced results, furthering our understanding of how each TL interacts with the three basic psychological needs. Finally, our results demonstrate the significance competence may hold in transferring the effect of different transformational behaviours onto the everyday lives of disadvantaged individuals.
Pandemic Micropolitics in Latin America: Small Business and the Governance of Crisis From Above and Below in El Salvador
Authors: Bull Benedicte , Hoelscher Kristian
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic had severe impacts in Latin America, with small businesses intensely affected. Beyond its economic consequences, the pandemic also exacerbated structural flaws in some of the region's weakly institutionalised democracies, diminishing State legitimacy and expanding that of organised criminal groups. In considering how State governance from above is challenged by non-state governance from below, this article examines a “pandemic micropolitics” as seen through the lens of support to the small business sector. We outline a framework to understand co-governance in hybrid political orders during crises; and examine this using case studies of urban informal markets and the transport sector in El Salvador. In showing that the pandemic contributed to a renegotiation of co-governance between the State, criminal organisations, and business associations, we contribute to understandings of the dynamics of distributive politics and the co-governance of crisis; and the potential implications for a post-COVID-19 political economy in Latin America.
“A thorn in their throat” planning for settler colonial removal in hizma
Authors: Erakat Noura
Published: March 2023

Hizma is a Palestinian village historically located within the Jerusalem Governate that Israel has arbitrarily severed from it in its quest to expand and entrench a Greater Jerusalem. To eliminate the village and its natives, the settler state has incrementally deployed a series of urban planning policies that together constitute an eliminatory infrastructure. These have included overlapping and tenuous jurisdictional areas; movement restrictions imposed through closures, checkpoints, and surveillance regimes; transformation of common lands into a state-run nature preserve; and the construction of the Apartheid Wall through the village. These measures have concentrated Hizma's residents into an urban area and severely isolated them from their agricultural lands, places of worship, education, families, and health facilities. Based on field work conducted between 3 August and 18 August 2019, this essay sets out to explore two phenomena. First, it seeks to understand how Palestinians navigate and resist Israel's eliminatory infrastructure. Second, it explores what this infrastructure revealed about the relationship between the violence of settler colonialism and the banal administration of urban planning. Using autoethnography, this essay documents the journey of Palestinians in Hizma across three eliminatory terrains erected by planning policies: through the Apartheid Wall, within the suffocating physical and juridical bounds of entrapment, and into the community's expropriated spring.
So what is assetization? Filling some theoretical gaps
Authors: Chiapello Eve
Published: March 2023

Birch and Ward (2024) propose the concept of assetization to frame a research agenda in Human Geography. This interesting proposal suffers from a rather imprecise definition of what an asset is, and that is a gap I intend to fill. I argue that assetization, for Birch and Ward, does not concern every type of asset, but only what can be described as ‘financialized assets’, including financial as well as intangible assets. I underline what financialized financial and intangible assets have in common and how that makes them relevant for analyzing contemporary capitalism. More precise specification of the assets created by Birch and Ward's assetization process clarifies the concept's true potential contribution.
Parents’/guardians’ experiences with their adolescents’ prolonged recovery from a sport-related concussion
Authors: Lucas Shelley , Bolter Nicole D. , Petranek Laura J. , Nilsson Kurt , Pardue Kristi , Flint Hilary
Published: March 2023

Sport-related concussions (SRCs) occur at alarming rates among adolescents and evidence suggests that adolescents experience more severe and longer-lasting symptoms compared to other age groups. Developmentally, adolescence is a time when youth become less reliant on their parents, establish their personal identity, and rely more on other social support networks (e.g., peers, teammates). However, previous studies show that parents play a prominent role in the recovery process from an SRC, especially in situations where recovery is prolonged. The purpose of this study was to examine the lived experiences of parents/guardians of teens who were recovering from a concussion and whose symptoms were persistent. Participants ( N = 12) were individually interviewed to better understand how they navigated and advocated for their teen during their prolonged recovery. An inductive content analysis revealed eight thematic categories that were interpreted with a developmental lens: (a) difficulties enforcing cognitive and physical rest, (b) concerns about depression and isolation, (c) observing struggles with athletic identity, (d) feelings of frustration, helplessness, and stress, (e) challenges of a hidden injury, (f) decisions about returning to sport, (g) being lied to about symptoms, and (h) offering strategies and practical advice. The themes illustrate how challenging and complicated the recovery process can be for parents of teenagers in particular, which is supported in previous concussion studies and the broader developmental literature. These results reinforce the idea that taking a biopsychosocial approach to care is best in order to adequately support parents/guardians and adolescents during the SRC recovery process.
Tetralogy of Fallot Associated With Right Aortic Arch and Isolated Left Brachiocephalic Artery
Authors: Hammonds Maya , Knapp Thomas M. , Madueme Peace , Infante Juan C. , Rueda-de-Leon Elena , Nelson Jennifer S.
Published: March 2023

A newborn presented with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), right aortic arch (RAA), and isolated left brachiocephalic artery. The RAA supplied the right common carotid artery, right vertebral artery, and right subclavian artery, in that order. The left common carotid and left subclavian arteries were in continuity with no aortic origin. Ultrasound demonstrated retrograde flow in the left vertebral artery supplying antegrade flow to the diminutive left subclavian artery (ie, “steal phenomenon”). The patient underwent repair of TOF without intervention on the left common carotid or left subclavian arteries and is being followed conservatively.