bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RIL Skidding Techniques to Improve Productivity and Minimize Production Cost and Environmental Damage (A Case Study at PT Inhutani II Malinau)
Authors: Suhartana Sona , Yuniawati Yuniawati
Published: September 2019

Conventional skidding techniques applied in natural forests often bring low productivity, high skidding cost, residual stands damage, and soil damage. RIL’s (Reduced Impact Logging) skidding techniques with better performance and more environmentally friendly should be introduced. This study aims to determine the effect of RIL’s skidding techniques on skidding productivity, skidding production-cost, and environmental damages that comprised residual stands and soil inside natural forests. This research was conducted in November-December 2015 at the site of natural production forest administered by PT. Inhutani II (Indonesia’s State Forest Company), in North Kalimantan. The acquired field data, which consisted of productivity, skidding cost, and damages of residual stands and of soil, were each processed into tabulation forms and then calculated for their averages.  The results showed that  applying RIL techniques could obtain: 1) The average skidding productivity reached 15.070 m3/hour; 2) The average skidding-production cost was IDR 48,883.45/m3; 3) The skidded-timber volume and skidding duration correlated with the average of skidding productivity, with coefficient of determination of 96.4%; 4) The average damage on residual stand due to skidding was 17.10% including canopy damage (12.5%), broken stems (37.5%), stem injury (12.5%), and leaning trees (37.5%), 5). Average soil depth and soil volume due to the topsoil displacement were 0.047 m and 3.726 m3/m; and 6) the use of matting strips can reduce the occurrence of soil damage during skidding.
Examination of the Reliability of the Measurements Regarding the Written Expression Skills According to Different Test Theories
Authors: YILDIRIM SEHERYELİ Merve , TAN Şeref
Published: September 2019

The aim of
the study is to examine the reliability estimations of written expression
skills analytical rubric based on the Classical Test Theory (CTT),
Generalizability Theory (GT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) which differ in
their field of study. In this descriptive study, the stories of the 523
students in the study group were scored by seven raters. CTT results showed
that Eta coefficient revealed that there was no difference between the scoring
of the raters (η = .926); Cronbach Alpha coefficients were over .88. GT results
showed that G and Phi coefficients were over .97. The students’ expected
differentiation emerged, the difficulty levels of the criteria did not change
from one student to another, and the consistency between the scores among
raters was excellent. In the Item Response Theory, parameters were estimated
according to Samejima’s (1969) Graded Response Model and item discrimination
differed according to the different raters. According to b parameters, for all
the raters; individuals are expected to be at least -2.35, -0.80, 0.41 ability
level in order to be scored higher than 0, 1 or 2 categories respectively with
.50 probability. Marginal reliability coefficients were quite high (around
.93). The Fisher Z’ statistic was calculated for the significance of the
difference between all reliability estimates. GT revealed more detailed
information than CTT in the explanation of error variance sources and
determination of reliability; while IRT provided more detailed information than
CTT in determining the item-level error estimations and the ability level.
There was a significant difference between the estimated parameters of CTT and
GT in interrater reliability (p < .05); there was no significant difference
between the parameters predicted according to CTT and IRT (p > .05).
A CASE REPORT OF SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF STAGE IV ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
Authors: Khmelevskaya V. N. , Isaev P. A. , Gunko I. V.
Published: September 2019

Background. Esophageal cancer is among the ten most common cancers and causes-related mortality worldwide. Most patients present with an advanced stage tumor at diagnosis. To treat patients with esophageal cancer, radiation therapy in combination with chemotherapy is usually used. In the clinic of A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Scientific Center, patients with advanced esophageal cancer are treated with split-course radiotherapy delivered in two fractions (1–1.5 Gy) with a 4-hour interval. The positive effect is observed significantly earlier than in conventional radiotherapy.

Case description. A 50-year-old male patient presented with complaints of hoarseness of voice and difficulty swallowing in February 2015. The patient was diagnosed with stage cТ4N2M1 cervical esophageal cancer (tumor length 3.5 cm) with metastases in cervical lymph nodes and the thyroid and esophageal stenosis (stage IV). Cytological examination revealed keratinizing squamous cell esophageal carcinoma. The tumor was considered inoperable. The patient underwent gastrostomy. Radiation therapy delivered to the tumor and metastases was performed 5 times a week using two lateral fields and one anterior field. The total radiation dose was 60 Gy. A complete response was achieved. Three courses of chemotherapy with carboplatin (AUC 6), paclitaxel (75 mg/m2 ) with a 21-day interval were administered 2 months after radiotherapy. In January 2016, new metastases in the thyroid were detected. Thyroidectomy with microsurgical neurolysis of the laryngeal nerves was performed. The patient is alive 3 years and 7 months after diagnosis.

Conclusion. The use of nonconventional fractionated radiotherapy schedules in combination with chemotherapy allows satisfactory treatment outcomes in patients with advanced esophageal cancer to be obtained.
RECIST 1.1 AND irRC FOR RESPONSE ASSESMENT IN PATIENTS WITH DISSEMINATED CUTANEOUS MELANOMA TREATED WITH IPILIMUMAB OR DENDRITIC CELL VACCINE
Authors: Novik A. V. , Yaremenko E. V. , Anokhina E. M. , Nehaeva T. L. , Semenova A. I. , Latipova D. Kh. , Protsenko S. A. , Baldueva I. A.
Published: September 2019

Special systems were developed for response assessment of immunooncology drugs. The role and benefits of particular system in assessing the efficacy of different immunotherapy methods are not clear yet. The objective of this study is to compare the responses on ipilimab (IPI) or dendritic cell vaccines (DCV) therapy by RECIST 1.1 and irRC criteria. Eighty two patients with unresectable disseminated or locally advanced stage III-IV melanoma were included. Fifty-five patients were treated with IPI and 27 – with DCV at the N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology from 2007 to 2016. Response by each system was compared to overall survival (OS). Response by both systems was a good marker for OS in IPI group (p=0,0001 for both systems) but not in DCV group (p=0,357 for RECIST and p=0,411 for irRC). Discrepancies in responses by different systems were detected in 5 patients in the IPI group and in 5 patients in the DCV group (p>0.05). The median of OS in IPI patients with PD by both systems was 8.8 mo. In case of mixed responses, (RECIST progression disease (PD) and irRC stable disease) OS in IPI group was 29.1+ mo, 16.7 mo. In the case of SD by RECIST and PD by irRC OS was 11.6+ mo. One patient with PD by RECIST and partial response by irRC lived 16.3 mo. OS in DCV group was 9.5+, 8.7, 15.3, 29.7 mo. in patients with mixed responses (PD+SD); 15,7 mo. in patient with SD by RECIST and PR by irRC. There was a trend to better overall survival of patients with PD according to the RECIST 1.1 and the absence of PD by irRC system in comparison with the PD by both systems in the treatment of IPI was revealed. In the DCV group the same pattern wasn’t found. Thus, both the RECIST 1.1 system and the irRC system are good surrogate markers for the overall survival. SD in patients receiving DCV cannot be considered a good response to therapy, since it does not improve the OS in comparison with patients who has PD by the same system. The irRC system allows to extract a subgroup of patients with better overall survival from patients with PD by RECIST among those who receive IPI but not DCV for systemic therapy of melanoma.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF MORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN CANCER PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PAIN
Authors: Zukov R. A. , Bobrova O. P. , Gildeeva G. N. , Butuzova D. V. , Ershova E. A.
Published: September 2019

Purpose of the study: to assess the efficacy and safety of morphine hydrochloride in the form of 10 mg filmcoated tablets and 1 % solution for injection in cancer patients with chronic pain syndrome of strong intensity.

Material and Methods. The study included 110 cancer patients with chronic pain syndrome of strong intensity. The study was conducted in compliance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration, ICH GCP, GOST R 52379-2005, as well as other Russian laws regulating the conduct of clinical trials and work with opioid analgesics. Patients were randomized at a 1:1 ratio. Group I received 10 mg film-coated morphine tablets, 1 tablet orally every 4 hours for 7 days. Group II received 1 % morphine solution for injection, intramuscularly, 4 mg every 4 hours for 7 days. A Numeric Rating Scale for Pain (NRS, 0–100 mm) was used to assess the level of pain. The safety assessment was based on the collection of data on the registration of adverse events, including opioid-associated adverse effects.

Results. Enteral and parenteral morphine administration for 7 days demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in the intensity of pain syndrome in cancer patients. The use of morphine hydrochloride in tablets reduced the number of additional analgesics prescribed for cancer patients. Regarding opioid-associated adverse effects, a statistically significant difference in the incidence of constipation between two groups was observed.

Conclusion. The study showed that tablets and injectable dosage forms of morphine hydrochloride were comparable in efficacy and safety profile, thus predetermining the widespread clinical use of drugs produced by the domestic manufacturer in accordance with the “pain relief ladder”, proposed by WHO.
CYTOPATHIC EFFECTS OF ACCELERATOR-BASED BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY ON HUMAN GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS
Authors: Byvaltsev V. A. , Zavjalov E. L. , Kanygin V. V. , Kasatova A. I. , Kichigin A. I. , Razumov I. A. , Sycheva T. V. , Taskaev S. Yu.
Published: September 2019

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a targeted therapy based on a selective damage to cancer cells due to the interaction between boron-10 isotope and neutron. Reactor-based BNCT has been found to be effective in the treatment of high-grade gliomas. It is believed that compact accelerator-based neutron sources will ensure widespread adoption of the technique in clinical practice. New accelerator-based neutron sources are being actively developed all over the world. At the Institute of Nuclear Physics (Russia), the accelerator-based neutron source was developed for pre-clinical studies of BNCT.

Purpose: to determine the cytopathic effects of accelerator-based BNCT on the human U87-glioblastoma cell line and to select a concentration of boron drugs that do not have a toxic effect on the cells before irradiation in vitro.

Material and Methods. To assess the cytopathic effects (MTT test and colony-forming assay) of various concentrations of boron-containing drugs, U87 cells were incubated with boronophenylalanine (BPA) and sodium borocaptate (BSH) for 1, 2 and 10 days. The effect of BNCT on the U87 cell line was determined using colony-forming assay.

Results. The MTT test showed a decrease in cell survival at a boron-10 isotope concentration of 160 μg/ml after 48 hours and 640 μg/ml after 24 hours of incubation for BPA. The cytopathic effects for sodium BSH appeared at a boron concentration of 80 µg / ml after 48 hours of incubation, and survival fraction of cells was reduced to 89 % compared to the control. According to the colonyforming assay, the cytotoxic effects of BSH and BPA at a boron concentration of 40 µg/ml in the medium were 79.6 and 84 %, respectively. The proportions of surviving cells were 18 ± 2 % and 13 ± 2 % after epithermal neutron irradiation in the presence of boronophenylalanine and in the presence of sodium borocaptate, respectively. Cell death without boron drugs occurred due to the neutron elastic scattering, nuclear reactions of thermal neutron capture by hydrogen and nitrogen, and accompanying gamma radiation.

Conclusion. The study clearly showed a decrease in the proportion of surviving U87 cells after accelerator-based BNCT in the presence of 10B-enriched BSH and BPA.
ANALYSIS OF INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS IN CANCER PATIENTS DURING 20142016
Authors: Aginova V. V. , Dmitrieva N. V. , Petukhova I. N. , Grigorievskaya Z. V. , Bagirova N. S. , Tereshchenko I. V. , Dyakova S. A. , Kalinchuk T. A. , Dmitrieva A. I. , Vinnikova V. D.
Published: September 2019

The purpose of the study was to analyze infectious complications caused by multi-drug-resistant organisms depending on anticancer therapy.

Material and Methods. A total of 229 cancer patients with infectious complications of cancer therapy were included into the study.

Results. Lung cancer was the most predominant cancer (26.6 %) followed by gastric cancer (25.3 %) and esophageal cancer (14.4 %). Infectious complications occurring after surgery were observed in 83.4 % of the patients. Infectious complications caused by Acinetobacter baumannii were the most common (40.6 %), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (28.5 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.5 %), Staphylococcus spp. (9.4 %), and Enterococcus spp. (1.8 %).

Conclusion. Infectious complications occurred more frequently in postoperative cancer patients (p<0.02), and the ESKAPE group pathogens were the leading cause of these infections.
THE ROLE OF INTRATUMORAL DENDRITIC CELLS IN THE PROGRESSION OF SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS
Authors: Bondar L. N. , Tashireva L. A. , Savenkova O. V. , Choynzonov E. L. , Perelmuter V. M.
Published: September 2019

The aim of the studywas to summarize data on the role of tumor-associated dendritic cells (DC) in the formation of squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment, their participation in the development of immune inflammatory responses in the tumor stroma and relation to tumor progression.

Material and Methods. We analyzed 79 publications available from Pubmed, Google Scholar, Elibrary databases from January 2000 to December 2017.

Results. The characteristics of different types of DC, including Langerhans cells (CR), were presented. The different methods of DC identification were described. The information on the presence of DC in squamous cell carcinomas was analyzed. The influence of the tumor on DCs, as well as the relationship between the number and functional characteristics of DCs and invasive/metastatic tumor potentialities was described. The prognostic value of DCs and their effect on disease-free, metastasis-free and overall survival rates were analyzed. The data on the association between DCs and the response to chemoradiotherapy were presented. The analysis of the relationship between the DC characteristics and the development of immuno-inflammatory responses in the tumor microenvironment was carried out.

Conclusion. The methodological approaches to the detection of DCs are variable, but the sensitivity of each method, as well as the comparison of different methods for estimating the number and functional characteristics of DCs, have been little studied. There is no data on the relationship between the length of DC dendrites and the parameters of invasive/metastatic tumor potentialities, disease-free, metastasis-free and overall survival rates. Numerous studies indicate the association between the number of DCs and the tumor progression, however these data are contradictory. There is no data about the relationship between the number of DCs and hematogenous metastasis of squamous cell carcinomas. The association of tumor-associated DC with the types of immunoinflammatory responses in the tumor microenvironment has been insufficiently studied.
MODERN ASPECTS OF TREATMENT OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
Authors: Urmonov U. B. , Dobrodeev A. Yu. , Afanasyev S. G. , Avgustinovich A. V. , Cheremisina O. V.
Published: September 2019

The purpose of the study was to provide current data about various methods of treatment of early and locally advanced esophageal cancer.

Material and Methods. A search was made on available literature sources published in the Pubmed, Medline, Elibrary, Cochrane Library, CyberLeninka, Global Health and other databases. 123 articles published from 2001 to 2018 were found and analyzed to write this review.

Results. Esophageal cancer is the 7-th most common cancer worldwide. Esophageal cancer has a favorable prognosis only in patients with early stage cancer. The use of endoscopic technology provides a minimally invasive approach to the treatment of esophageal cancer and significantly increases survival of patients. Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment for esophageal cancer. For patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer, a multimodal approach is required, including a rational combination of radical surgery with chemo and/or radiation therapy. In many countries, preoperative chemotherapy has entered the standard of treatment for II–III stages of esophagus cancer. However, the development of novel approaches to the treatment of esophageal cancer is of great importance. For advanced cancer patients, palliative chemo- or chemoradiotherapy remains the main treatment modality.

Conclusion. The choice of the treatment option for esophageal cancer remains a challenging clinical problem and depends on the particular type of cancer, tumor stage, functional status of patients.
PSYCHIATRIC INTERVIEW OF PATIENTS WITH CANCER
Authors: Zubkova Yu. N. , Kurmukov I. A. , Obukhova O. A. , Kashia Sh. R.
Published: September 2019

Background. Psychiatrists providing consultation in cancer centers need to understand the patient’s mental health without possibility of collecting data on the objective case history and follow-up.

Purpose: to analyze the modern methods of assessment of psychopathological disorders in cancer patients.

Material and Methods. Publications indexed in PubMed and devoted to the analysis of defense mechanisms, strategies for overcoming challenges, responses to acute and chronic stress, and support for family members of cancer patients were analyzed.

Results. Modified psychosomatic interviews used for cancer patients, attachment styles, coping strategies, and defense mechanisms were described. The taxonomic system of the most common mental disorders in modern psycho-oncology was presented.

Conclusion. The modified psychiatric interview, during which the defense mechanisms, coping styles, coping reactions with acute and chronic stress, methods of functioning of cancer patient’s family are assessed, allows a psychiatrist to obtain essential information about psychopathological status of a patient within the first (and often the only) appointment. A multidimensional diagnostic approach helps to assess the involvement of various damaging factors in a patient’s current mental status. Conclusion made by a psychiatrist in terms of the taxonomic systems of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems (ICD) or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) allows him to provide information to an oncologist in a uniquely interpretable (standardized) form.
THE ROLE OF DIFFUSE OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF BREAST CANCER (CASE REPORT)
Authors: Pavlov M. V. , Pegov S. A. , Orlova A. G. , Golubyatnikov G. Yu. , Shkalova L. V. , Malinina P. A. , Rykhtik P. I. , Turchin I. V. , Maslennikova A. V.
Published: September 2019

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Currently, mammography and ultrasound are the methods most commonly used for the detection of BC, but these methods have significant limitations in the absence of “classic” visual symptoms of cancer in the breast tissue. In the complicated clinical situations, such methods as magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography are used for the differential diagnosis of breast cancer. Over the past 20 years, the BC imaging capabilities have expanded due to the introduction of optical methods into clinical practice. These methods are based on differences in the optical properties between normal and pathological breast tissues. Optical imaging provides the ability to obtain indirect information about oxygenation, blood supply, delivery and consumption of oxygen in the breast tissue, as well as changes in its scattering properties. We present a clinical case of a woman with enlarged axillary lymph nodes. After the core biopsy of the lymph node, histological examination reveled breast cancer metastasis. The standard imaging modalities, such as digital mammography and ultrasound, did not show the evidence of breast cancer. However, the use of diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) allowed the detection of changes in the absorption and scattering coefficients in a small part of the breast tissue characteristic of a malignant tumor. Ultrasound and mammography images of this site of the breast demonstrated the features of benign lesion. After ultrasound-guided biopsy, cytological examination revealed cancer cells. Thus, the method of DOS allowed identification of changes characteristic to malignant tumor that was not detected by routine imaging modalities.
Interaction of accommodative and subjective diagnostic criteria of accommodation disorders
Authors: Makhova M. V. , Strakhov V. V.
Published: September 2019

Purpose: to study the relationship of accommodative (objective) and subjective criteria of different types of accommodation disorders.

Material and methods. 62 patients (124 eyes) with myopic refraction, aged 10 to 18, were divided into 6 groups according to accommodation disorders types. All patients were tested objectively on a Speedy-i accommodograph, which determined the coefficient of accommodation response (CAR) and the coefficient of microfluctuations (CMF) and underwent MEM retinoscopy to determine the accommodation response. In addition, subjective methods were used to determine the amplitude of accommodation (by proximetry) and accommodation flexibility (by ±2 D flipper).

Results. A rather close correlation was revealed between the accommodative and subjective evaluation criteria of ciliary muscle performance. Therefore, both the CAR and proximetry data may be used to determine accommodation amplitude. The power of accommodation response may be determined by CAR and MEM retinoscopy, while the accommodation state may be tested by CMF or accommodation flexibility.

Conclusion. A statistically significant correlation between accommodative coefficients and the results of subjective tests enable the practitioners of outpatient care to use the available subjective methods of accommodation disorder diagnosis and, accordingly, determine the best suited optical correction and choose adequate methods of treatment of accommodation disorders.
Association of mutations and polymorphic variants of the VHL gene with the clinical characteristics of retinal capillary hemangioma
Authors: Neroev V. V. , Saakyan S. V. , Novikova A. Yu. , Ryabina M. V. , Ilyukhin P. A. , Tsygankov A. Yu. , Loginov V. I. , Burdenny A. M.
Published: September 2019

Purpose. To study the association of mutations and polymorphic variants of the VHL gene with the clinical characteristics of retinal capillary hemangioma.

Material and methods. 29 DNA samples isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with retinal capillary hemangiomas were tested. The analysis of mutations and polymorphic markers of the VHL gene was carried out by high resolution melting curve analysis.

Results. A significant correlation was found between the frequency of tyrosine mutation in the 156th position of the VHL gene and the localization of the capillary hemangioma in the middle periphery of the fundus, the presence of local exudative retinal detachment and fibroglial proliferation in the tumor region (p = 0.02; RR = 1.86). An association was established between arginine mutation frequency in the 200th position of the gene with the presence of cerebellar hemangioblastoma and spinal cord. A statistically significant association of the GA genotype of the polymorphic marker rs779805 of the VHL gene with the localization of capillary hemangioma in the middle periphery of the fundus was established (p = 0.03; RR = 4.8). It has been shown that the carriage of the T allele of the polymorphic marker rs779808 may be associated with the characteristic localization of the tumor at the extreme periphery of the retina in the upper temporal quadrant. A tendency to increasing frequency of occurrence of the AC genotype of the polymorphic marker rs1678607 in patients with hemorrhagic complications of capillary hemangioma, as well as to increasing frequency of the TT genotype of the polymorphic marker rs1642742 in patients with cerebellar hemangioblastomas was determined.

Conclusion. Further research involving more clinical material is needed, as our results may be important for early diagnosis of Hippel — Lindau disease, prediction of the onset and clinical course of retinal capillary hemangiomas, as well as of the probability of systemic manifestations of the disease.
Determining the risk of metastasis of choroidal melanoma: clinical and instrumental criteria
Authors: Panova I. E. , Vlasova O. S. , Gyuntner E. I. , Samkovich E. V. , Shamanova A. Yu.
Published: September 2019

The purpose was to study the prevalence of metastasis of choroidal melanoma (CM) and clinical and instrumental criteria of the risk of such metastasis.

Material and methods. A detailed analysis of clinical material for the period of 2000–2018 is presented, involving 304 patients with CM under continuous observation by an ophthalmic oncology center of a multidisciplinary cancer institution.

Results. Metastatic lesion of various organs was diagnosed in 66 (21.7 %) patients. The average age of patients at the time of metastatic lesion verification was 55.65 ± 13.4 years, with the number of women patients prevailing (36 patients out of 66, or 54.5 %). Liver metastases were found in 63.6 %, lungs metastases, 4.5 %, multiple metastases — 31.9 % of patients. With regular follow-up, the critical period for metastasis detection was between one to five years — 77.2 % of patients with metastatic lesions and 16.8 % of the total number of the treated patients. The average time of metastasis appearance after the liquidation treatment was 27.75 ± 22.06 months, in cases of organ preservation treatment it was 61.57 ± 50.32 months. A metastatic process was diagnosed predominantly in large (63.6 %) and medium (28.8 %) CM. The risk criteria for metastatic development in CM were found to be: male gender, pre-equatorial localization, fungoid shape, large tumor size, pigmented tumor, transudative retinal detachment, mixed histopathological tumor variant.

Conclusion. The established clinical and instrumental criteria of the risk of metastatic lesion in choroidal melanoma should be considered when planning follow-up monitoring of this group of patients.
OCT angiography in a comprehensive assessment of hypotensive therapy effectiveness in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Yurieva T. N. , Zhukova S. I.
Published: September 2019

Degenerative changes in the retina of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients are developing as response to ischemia and chronic hypoxia accompanied by intolerant IOP. For this reason, the analysis of ocular blood flow changes in glaucoma monitoring, as well as the basic tests, should be considered an integral part of comprehensive examination of such patients.

Thepurposeis to identify the most informative markers of the disease and to assess the effectiveness of its antihypertensive therapy by the fixed combination Dorzolamide / Timolol (Dorzopt Plus).

Material and methods.34 patients aged 68.44 ± 4.26 years with an advanced POAG stage and sub- or decompensated IOP were examined. The examination included optical coherence tomography in the angiography mode.

Results.A stable average reduction in IOP by 35.1 % (by 8.6 ± 0.7 mm Hg, p < 0.05) as compared with the baseline was achieved. IOP normalization was accompanied by a stable increase in corneal hysteresis and perfusion pressure, a decrease in the average depth of the perimetric defect, and changes in chorioretinal blood flow.

Conclusion.Changes in the choroid thickness and capillary density of the retinal peripapillary layer may be considered as the most informative biomarkers in the diagnosis of glaucoma and the evaluation of antihypertensive therapy effectiveness.
Myopia and age-related macular degeneration: structural and anatomical changes of the eye
Authors: Alekseev I. B. , Nam Ju. A.
Published: September 2019

The purpose of the study was to find out how age-related macular degeneration and medium-high degree myopia affect the structural and anatomical parameters of the eyeball, and to find whether a relationship exists between various types of myopic staphylomas and changes of visual functions.

Material and methods. 120 patients (236 eyes), with medium and high degree myopia and age-related retinal changes, aged 44 to 81 years were tested for two groups of parameters: quantitative and qualitative. The former included the patients’ age, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), computer perimetry data, the axial length, and the thickness of the retina in the central zone. The latter included retinal changes, in particular pigment epithelium (PE) defects, drusen, PE detachment, choroidal neovascular membrane (CNV), Fuchs spot and diffuse chorioretinal atrophy. The impact of various types of staphylomas on visual functions was evaluated.

Results. Visual functions were found to directly depend on retinal PE integrity. If defects, detachment, or drusen are present, computer perimetry parameters and BVCA are reducing. Fuchs spot presence and diffuse chorioretinal atrophy reduces BCVA and causes an MD decrease. The lowest visual acuity and considerable light sensitivity loss was noted in patients with combined staphylomas.

Conclusion. The obtained data confirm that retinal dystrophic processes directly affect visual functions: BCVA and retinal photosensitivity levels drop in all retinal changes studied. The presence of staphyloma, being a factor that aggravates myopia, undoubtedly worsens the most of the parameters studied.
Using ultraviolet corneal crosslinking for the treatment of corneal ulcers and other corneal pathologies in animals
Authors: Iomdina E. N. , Sotnikova L. F. , Goncharova A. V. , Kabanova E. I. , Chechneva A. V. , Sapego N. Yu. , Jani E. V.
Published: September 2019

Purpose. To study the effects of corneal collagen cross-linking (CCL) using ultraviolet-A (UVA) irradiation with riboflavin on the eye’s anterior segment structures in corneal ulcers and other keratopathies in animals.

Material and methods. The study involved 26 animals (39 eyes) — 10 cats, 10 dogs, and 6 horses with ulcers, corneal staphyloma, dry and autoimmune keratoconjunctivitis. Examination included slit-lamp biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy (in cases of transparent cornea), tear production test, and staining the eye surface with vital dyes. CCL was performed using UVA radiation of LEDs with a fiber optic output (wavelength 370 nm, radiation power 3 mW/cm2) combined with 0.1 % riboflavin instillation according to the protocol we developed, which specifies various numbers and durations depending on the diagnosis and therapeutic effect desired.

Results. Restoration of the shape and transparency of the cornea, relief of anterior eye inflammation, and normalization of tear production occurred much sooner than using traditional treatment. The restoration of vision occurred 2 to 3 months earlier in eyes with corneal staphyloma; more than 4 to 5 months earlier in eyes with keratoconjunctivitis; no relapses were noted in eyes with ulcerative processes, and the restoration of the function of stratified squamous epithelium was achieved within 2 or 3 weeks.

Conclusions. The inclusion of modified UFA-based CCL in the treatment scheme of corneal ulcers and staphylomas as well as dry and autoimmune keratoconjunctivitis enables a high therapeutic effect of anterior eye structure restoration. In future, the results obtained could serve as basis for using the developed technology in the treatment of similar eye pathologies in humans.
Personalized medicine in glaucoma management
Authors: Zhuravleva A. N. , Kiseleva O. A. , Kirillova M. O.
Published: September 2019

The review addresses the management of primary glaucoma as a socially significant multifactorial disease. The main reasons that impede the timely diagnosis and treatment of patients with glaucoma are indicated: blurring of boundaries, conventionality of standards, and lack of individualized approach to treatment. The main risk factors for the development of glaucoma are highlighted, with special attention to hereditary predisposition and the role of “medicine of the future” in managing glaucoma. Four fundamental principles are described: personalization, prediction, prevention and participative attitude (P4 medicine). Advanced scientific understanding of the key risk factors for the development and progression of glaucoma, together with a modern personalized and personified approach will further develop precise individual strategies for the prevention and treatment of the disease.
A espetacularização da morte e a reprodução da irrecuperabilidade penal em comentários de um site de notícias
Authors: REICHELT Gabrielle , LARA Lutiane de
Published: September 2019

O presente trabalho busca entender como os discursos, que envolvem morte ou violência como solução, endossam a lógica da punição enquanto vingança, presente na relação sociedade/sistema prisional a fim de elucidar como se compõem os modos de perceber e falar os fenômenos de criminalização dessa população. Para tanto, parte-se de um estudo genealógico, por meio do projeto de extensão Observatório de Juventudes em Situação de Prisão, da instituição de ensino Centro Universitário Metodista do IPA, realizado na Cadeia Pública de Porto Alegre, junto à análise dos comentários do site G1 - Portal de notícias, da Globo, relacionados ao campo penal. Assim, delimitou-se três eixos de análise: Do Passado ao Presente: reatualizações do direito penal, Cristalização de uma Identidade: uma quebra necessária e Sociedade do Espetáculo, que juntos denunciam a produção da opinião pública, por meio do território digital da mídia, que identifica o criminoso como um problema social independente, criando o território da delinquência. Com isso, os jogos de força passam a incitar a disseminação de um sistema vingativo entendido como útil para a manutenção estatal de um sistema punitivista. A “espetacularização da morte” caracteriza assim uma delinquência que foi cristalizada permitindo o controle sobre a vida ao colocar tanto o sujeito da imagem, quanto o que a vê, em um papel passivo, repetindo circuitos e ressentindo. O crime opera como ação política de governo da vida, que necessita da crise para atuar gerindo a vida e a forma como nos relacionamos em sociedade.
Análise da taxa de cobertura dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) no município de Porto Alegre de 2002 a 2015
Authors: SILVA Carolina Charão da , MELLO Vania Roseli Correa de , ECKER Daniel Dall'Igna
Published: September 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a taxa de cobertura dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) no município de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Em um recorte do período de 2002 a 2015, analisa-se as taxas, refletindo sobre a expansão da rede de saúde mental no município. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e eletrônica de livre acesso, foram consultados os sítios eletrônicos da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Porto Alegre (SMS/PMPA), do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES) e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). A partir desses, foi construída uma série histórica onde se pode acompa-nhar a evolução dos tipos de CAPS, a taxa e o indicador de cobertura no município. Através dos resultados constatou-se que o município de Porto Alegre apresenta, atualmente, uma taxa de cobertura de 0,68 que, de acor-do com os parâmetros do Ministério da Saúde, é considerada uma boa co-bertura. A análise contextualizada desse indicador proporciona ao gestor da saúde subsídios valiosos para o planejamento de ações orientando, por conseguinte, futuros investimentos na área de saúde mental que se fazem necessários para garantir acesso e atendimento da população e a efetiva-ção de uma política pública
Direitos sexuais e reprodutivos: aproximações com a assistência social
Authors: OLIVEIRA Thais Gomes de , BATTISTELLI Bruna Moraes , CRUZ Lílian Rodrigues da
Published: September 2019

A Política de Assistência Social é marcada pela centralidade na maternidade no desenvolvimento de suas ações. A família e a manutenção dos vínculos comunitários e familiares são porta de entrada dos serviços socioassistenciais na vida das pessoas usuárias. Nesse contexto, essa pesquisa tem como ponto de partida a interface entre a Psicologia e a Assistência Social, no âmbito das Proteções Básica e Especializada do Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS). Tem por objetivo colocar em discussão uma aproximação possível entre a Política de Assistência Social e a Política de Saúde, através da garantia de Direitos Sexuais e Reprodutivos para as mulheres que são beneficiárias dos serviços. Para isso, utilizamos a análise de documentos pertinentes para essa discussão. A partir desses procedimentos, criamos cenas que nos possibilitam colocar em análise a interface a que nos propomos discutir, que narram vidas que permeiam as situações de I) mulheres que utilizam a rua como espaço de moradia/sobrevivência e que não podem exercer a maternidade; II) jovens mulheres que tem seus corpos controlados a partir de métodos hormonais no contexto do controle da sexualidade que acontece no Acolhimento Institucional; III) mulheres que acessam os serviços da Proteção Social Básica e são chefes de família; IV) mulheres que precisam da autorização de seus companheiros para fazer o procedimento de laqueadura. Por fim, apontamos para a necessidade de discutir a garantia dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos para além do campo da saúde pública, considerando a Assistência Social como terreno profícuo para tal.
#NosOtras – Oficinas de prevenção combinada ao HIV/Aids na região do Partenon/Lomba do Pinheiro em Porto Alegre
Authors: MELLO Vania Roseli Correa de , ALOIA Silvia Andrea Viera , RANGEL Rossana Dutra , TRAVASSOS Gisele Nunes
Published: September 2019

Este artigo apresenta as bases teórico-metodológicas que embasaram a realização de oficinas de prevenção, promoção e educação em saúde com foco na estratégia da Prevenção Combinada[1], com pessoas de maior vulnerabilidade social para o HIV/Aids[2] e integrantes da rede de apoio das políticas de Saúde, da Assistência Social e da Educação da Gerência Distrital de Saúde do Partenon/Lomba do Pinheiro (GDPLP), território no qual está situado o Campus Central da Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS). A execução das oficinas se deu a partir de projeto de extensão desenvolvido no âmbito do curso de Administração de Sistemas e Serviços de Saúde da UERGS. Ao reconhecer que nenhuma intervenção de prevenção isolada é suficiente para reduzir novas infecções e que diferentes fatores de risco de exposição, transmissão e infecção operam de forma dinâmica em diferentes condições sociais, econômicas, culturais e políticas, as  oficinas  trabalharam com a idéia de que cada pessoa deve escolher o(s) método(s) que melhor se adeque(m) às condições e circunstâncias de sua vida, tendo como princípios norteadores a garantia de direitos humanos e o respeito à autonomia do indivíduo.

[1] A Prevenção Combinada é uma estratégia que faz uso simultâneo de diferentes abordagens de prevenção (biomédica, comportamental e estrutural) aplicadas em múltiplos níveis (individual, nas parcerias/relacionamentos, comunitário, social) para responder a necessidades específicas de determinados segmentos populacionais e de determinadas formas de transmissão do HIV

[2] HIV é uma sigla para vírus da imunodeficiência humana. É o vírus que pode levar à síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (Aids).
Prevenção e Promoção de Saúde no CAPS AD através de oficinas de psicoeducação
Authors: GUARIENTO Cleonilde de Fátima , TORRES Samantha , ECKER Daniel Dall’Igna
Published: September 2019

Este artigo é um breve relato de experiência de um projeto de intervenção em Psicologia, com o foco na Prevenção e Promoção de Saúde, realizado em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e outras Drogas (CAPS AD). Atra-vés da ferramenta terapêutica de psicoeducação, foram realizados oito en-contros, em formato de oficina, no período de agosto a setembro de 2017, com carga horária de duas horas semanais. Participaram dos encontros 10 usuários(a) do serviço, sendo a maioria homens na faixa etária de 36 a 57 anos. As oficinas tiveram como principal dispositivo ensinar técnicas de rela-xamento, através do exercício da respiração diafragmática, relacionadas a técnicas psicológicas para os sujeitos refletirem sobre si no mundo. Como resultado, os participantes relataram diminuição da ansiedade e tensão pro-duzindo, como efeito, mudanças em seus hábitos diários, tanto no sono, como na alimentação e em relação a conflitos familiares, passando a ter uma atitude mais ativa no próprio tratamento e tirando o foco do atendimento médico e da busca pela medicalização dos sintomas. Conclui-se que a técni-ca de psicoeducação é uma importante ferramenta no tratamento de usuários de álcool e/ou outras drogas como forma de Prevenção e Promoção de Sa-úde já que, através da mesma, os usuários tiveram uma diminuição dos qua-dros de ansiedade. Com isso, os conflitos foram reduzidos e, consequente-mente, houve diminuição de recaídas com uso de álcool e/ou outras drogas ou posterior uso de medicação.
Ciências Humanas e Sociais
Authors: ECKER Daniel Dall'Igna , MELLO Vania Roseli Correa de
Published: September 2019

Afirmando a relação inerente entre ciência, elementos humanos e sociais, este Número Especial da Revista Eletrônica Científica da UERGS compartilha artigos, resultados de pesquisas, estudos, relatos de experiências e ensaios que transversalizam temas importantes para o contexto de produção do conhecimento no Brasil. Com o especial apoio de colaboradoras e colaboradores, a proposta desta edição, planejada em 2018, ano em que a Constituição Federal brasileira completava três décadas de existência, expressa a importância de uma produção científica que se inquieta com aquilo que é dos sujeitos, compreendendo-os a partir de  contextos históricos, culturais, políticos e, portanto, também sociais.
A Comparison of Osteoblast Cell Proliferation and Osteocalcin Expression in Cuttlefish Bone and Bovine Bone Xenograft
Authors: Irianto Komang Agung , Pribadi Ameria , Irsyam Ilham Abdullah , Kloping Yudhistira Pradnyan , Sindrawati Oen
Published: September 2019

Background: Cuttlefish bone Xenograft, calcium phosphate (CaP)-based biomaterial graft, offers an alternative and has been accepted for osteoconductive and probable osteo-inductive attributes. This study aims to compare the bone healing potential between the bovine-derived (BHA) and cuttlefish bone-derived (CHA).Materials and Methods: The study compared osteoblast cell proliferation of 27 New Zealand rabbits in 2.5 mm bone defect made in the femoral bone. The samples were divided into three groups, which were control, BHA and CHA group. The chemical and physical characteristics of BHA and CHA were determined for the content of hydroxyapatite by FourierTransform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), then tested by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the porosity. In the end of the second week, histopathologic and immunohistochemistry examinations were performed to evaluate the amount of osteoblast and osteocalcin expression.Results: The FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis showed both BHA and CHA samples were hydroxyapatite according to Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS). The CHA was significantly higher (297.22±19.772) compared to BHA (258.22±30.926) and control (131.67±34.213). Osteocalcin expression in CHA (7.82±2.230) compared to BHA (6.09±3.724) and control (4.07±3.606), was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: CHA group has the highest osteoblast cell proliferation and osteocalcin expression, meaning has a good potential as future source of bone graft.Keywords: cuttlefish bone, bovine, bone graft, osteoblast cell
The Effect of Myrmecodia pendans Ethanol Extract on Inflamed Pulp: Study on Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Sudiono Janti , Hardina Meylisa
Published: September 2019

Background: Inflammation is a body response caused by injury and infection. Pulpitis is a pulp tissue inflammation which is the continuous process of pulp hyperemia by bacteria invasion. Myrmecodia pendans or Sarang semut is known to contain flavonoid compound which has the anti inflammation effect. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Myrmecodia pendans ethanol extract on the healing process of pulp inflammation.Materials and Methods: This experimental study involved pre- and post-in vivo treatment of 27 Sprague Dawley rats in which the inducted pulpitis model was obtained by injecting 0.01 mL Porphyromonas gingivalis into the dental pulp for 48 hours. Subjects were divided randomly into Group I (negative control), Group II (pulpitis treated by Myrmecodia pendans extract ethanol as treatment group), and Group III (pulpitis treated by Ca(OH)2 as positive control group). Group II and III as pulpitis treatment groups were divided into subgroups based on the induction periods of 48 hours (2 days), 168 hours (7 days), and 366 hours (14 days). All specimens were processed into the slides and evaluated microscopically for the healing process.Results: The result of this study showed significant difference (p<0.05) among groups on day 2, 4 and 7. On day 4, the pulpitis treatment group of Myrmecodia pendans extract showed better healing process than Ca(OH)2. On day 7, the pulpitis treatment group of Ca(OH)2 showed better healing process than Myrmecodia pendans extract. On day 14, both of the pulpitis treatment groups showed normal pulp.Conclusion: Myrmecodia pendans ethanol extract is effective for the healing process of inflamed pulp.Keywords: inflamed pulp, Myrmecodia pendans, sarang semut, Ca(OH)2 , healing process