bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
5-Heptadecylresorcinol attenuates oxidative damage and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis through activation of the SIRT3/FOXO3a signaling pathway in neurocytes
Authors: Liu Jie , Wang Yu , Hao Yiming , Wang Zongwei , Yang Zihui , Wang Ziyuan , Wang Jing
Published: February 2020

5-Heptadecylresorcinol (AR-C17) is a main component of the alkylresorcinols (ARs), and has been widely used as a biomarker for whole grain rye consumption. Our study suggested AR-C17 attenuated neurocytes oxidative damage and apoptosis through SIRT3/FOXO3a signaling pathway.
Biological upgrading of 3,6-anhydro-l-galactose from agarose to a new platform chemical
Authors: Kim Dong Hyun , Liu Jing-Jing , Lee Jae Won , Pelton Jeffrey G. , Yun Eun Ju , Yu Sora , Jin Yong-Su , Kim Kyoung Heon
Published: February 2020

This study demonstrated the novel biological upgrading (using engineered yeast cells) of 3,6-anhydro-l-galactose, the main but untapped sugar of red macroalgal biomass, to 3,6-anhydro-l-galactitol that can be converted to various valuable chemicals including isosorbide.
Five- and six-fold coordinated silicon in silicodiphosphonates: short range order investigation by solid-state NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Viehweger Christine , Kowalke Janine , Brendler Erica , Schwarzer Sandra , Vogt Claudia , Kroke Edwin
Published: February 2020

Silicodiphosphonates synthesized by two different pathways show interesting chemical shifts of five- and sixfold coordinated silicon.
Effect of thiolate-ligand passivation on the electronic structure and optical absorption properties of ultrathin one and two-dimensional gold nanocrystals
Authors: Yang Liang , Wang Pu , Yang Zhenhua , Pei Yong
Published: February 2020

Gold nanomaterials, including one-dimensional (1D) gold nanorods (AuNRs) and nanowires (AuNWs) and two-dimensional (2D) gold nanoprisms with a large surface area and stability, have attracted widespread research interest due to their wide potential applications.
Sub-100 nm 2D nanopatterning on a large scale by ultrafast laser energy regulation
Authors: Abou Saleh Anthony , Rudenko Anton , Reynaud Stéphanie , Pigeon Florent , Garrelie Florence , Colombier Jean-Philippe
Published: February 2020

Coupling ultrafast light irradiation to surface nanoreliefs leads to periodic patterns, achieving record processing scales down to tens of nanometers.
Effect of temperature on Raman intensity of nm-thick WS2: combined effects of resonance Raman, optical properties, and interface optical interference
Authors: Zobeiri Hamidreza , Xu Shen , Yue Yanan , Zhang Qianying , Xie Yangsu , Wang Xinwei
Published: February 2020

Temperature dependent Raman intensity of 2D materials features very rich information about the material's electronic structure, optical properties, and nm-level interface spacing.
InTeI: a novel wide-bandgap 2D material with desirable stability and highly anisotropic carrier mobility
Authors: Jiang Shujuan , Li Jingyu , Chen Weizhen , Yin Huabing , Zheng Guang-Ping , Wang Yuanxu
Published: February 2020

We have predicted a novel class of 2D wide-bandgap InTeI layered semiconductors, which have high stability, tunable electronic property, and ultra-high and anisotropic carrier mobility.
2D graphdiyne: an excellent ultraviolet nonlinear absorption material
Authors: Zhang Fang , Liu Guowei , Yuan Junjie , Wang Zhengping , Tang Tianhong , Fu Shenggui , Zhang Huanian , Man Zhongsheng , Xing Fei , Xu Xinguang
Published: February 2020

GDY is veritable ultraviolet OL material, which has potential applications in ultraviolet optics.
Ultrathin circular polarimeter based on chiral plasmonic metasurface and monolayer MoSe2
Authors: Jiang Qiao , Du Bowen , Jiang Meiling , Liu Donglin , Liu Zhixin , Li Bowen , Liu Zheng , Lin Feng , Zhu Xing , Fang Zheyu
Published: February 2020

Combined with chiral plasmonic metasurface, detecting CP light within a compact structure can be realized in the platform of two-dimensional materials, which benefits from the excellent optoelectronic properties and ultrathin thickness of them.
A fog-collecting surface mimicking the Namib beetle: its water collection efficiency and influencing factors
Authors: Lei Jun , Guo Zhiguang
Published: February 2020

In the Namib Desert, beetles can obtain water by fog-basking. In this review, we discussed the water collection rate of surfaces inspired by beetles from three aspects: surface wettability, surface structure and surface distribution.
Novel fatty chain-modified GLP-1R G-protein biased agonist exerts prolonged anti-diabetic effects through targeting receptor binding sites
Authors: Wang Maorong , Yao Ping , Gao Minpeng , Jin Jian , Yu Yerong
Published: February 2020

An autocrine selected GLP-1R agonist was modified via site-specific fatty chain and exerted prolonged antidiabetic effects.
Resolving alternative organic crystal structures using density functional theory and NMR chemical shifts
Authors: Widdifield Cory M. , Farrell James D. , Cole Jason C. , Howard Judith A. K. , Hodgkinson Paul
Published: February 2020

DFT optimisation often resolves conflicting crystal structure determinations, with NMR shifts helping in cases where optimisation diverges to different structures.
Cracking in drying films of polymer solutions
Authors: Tomar Bhawana Singh , Shahin A. , Tirumkudulu Mahesh S.
Published: February 2020

We present stress and critical cracking thickness measurements for drying polymer films.
A rapid self-healing hydrogel based on PVA and sodium alginate with conductive and cold-resistant properties
Authors: Wu Guangfeng , Jin Kaiyun , Liu Li , Zhang Huixuan
Published: February 2020

Self-healing hydrogels as renewable materials have attracted significant attention recently.
Modular synthesis of α-aryl β-perfluoroalkyl ketones via N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis
Authors: Yang Hai-Bin , Wang Zhi-Hou , Li Jin-Mei , Wu Chuande
Published: February 2020

A new strategy of assembling alkene, aldehyde and perfluoroalkyl reagents under the catalysis of an N-heterocyclic carbene afforded valuable α-aryl β-perfluoroalkyl ketones.
A micellized fluorescence sensor based on amplified quenching for highly sensitive detection of non-transferrin-bound iron in serum
Authors: Park Tae Eun , Lee Seoung Ho
Published: February 2020

A novel, micelle-based fluorescence system capable of selective and sensitive signal transduction for non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) in serum was devised.
A hydrostable cage-based MOF with open metal sites and Lewis basic sites immobilized in the pore surface for efficient separation and purification of natural gas and C2H2
Authors: Jiang Zhenzhen , Zou Ying , Xu Tingting , Fan Lihui , Zhou Ping , He Yabing
Published: February 2020

A cage-based MOF displays excellent hydrolytic stability as well as promising potential for diverse gas separation applications.
Effect of subtle changes of isomeric ligands on the synthesis of atomically precise water-soluble gold nanoclusters
Authors: Zhang Xinlei , Wang Ziping , Qian Shuyu , Liu Naiwei , Sui Lina , Yuan Xun
Published: February 2020

The effect of isomeric ligands on synthesizing hydrophilic Au nanoclusters (NCs) and the growth mechanism of Au44 NCs were investigated.
Dynamics of long hyaluronic acid chains through conical nanochannels for characterizing enzyme reactions in confined spaces
Authors: Ma Tianji , Janot Jean-Marc , Balme Sébastien
Published: February 2020

This research reports the transport behaviors of long flexible polymers (hyaluronic acid) through long conical track-etched nanochannels with and without grafted enzymes.
A two-dimensional Ru@MXene catalyst for highly selective ambient electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction
Authors: Liu Anmin , Gao Mengfan , Ren Xuefeng , Meng Fanning , Yang Yanan , Yang Qiyue , Guan Weixin , Gao Liguo , Liang Xingyou , Ma Tingli
Published: February 2020

Compared with the traditional Haber–Bosch process, electrochemical ammonia synthesis has attracted much attention owing to its low energy consumption, low pollution potential, and sustainability.
Protein labeling approach to improve lysosomal targeting and efficacy of antibody–drug conjugates
Authors: Han Ying , Da Yifan , Yu Mingjia , Cheng Yaping , Wang Xin , Xiong Jiale , Guo Guoying , Li Yan , Jiang Xianxing , Cai Xiaoqing
Published: February 2020

An anti-EGFR nanobody was labeled at the C-terminus with a lysosome-sorting NPGY (Asn-Pro-Gly-Tyr) motifviasortase-mediated ligation to enhance the clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
HP1s modulate the S-Adenosyl Methionine synthesis pathway in liver cancer cells
Authors: Mancini Maicol , Papon Laura , Mangé Alain , Cammas Florence , Fabbrizio Eric
Published: February 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary liver cancer in adults. Among the altered pathways leading to HCC, an increasing role is attributed to abnormal epigenetic regulation. Members of the Heterochromatin Protein (HP1) 1 family are key players in chromatin organisation, acting as docking sites for chromatin modifiers. Here, we inactivated HP1α in HepG2 human liver carcinoma cells and showed that HP1α participated in cell proliferation. HP1α-depleted cells have a global decrease in DNA methylation and consequently a perturbed chromatin organisation, as exemplified by the reactivation of transcription at centromeric and pericentromeric regions, eventhough the protein levels of chromatin writers depositing methylation marks, such as EZH2, SETDB1, SUV39H1, G9A and DNMT3A remained unaltered. This decrease was attributed mainly to a low S-Adenosyl Methionine (SAM) level, a cofactor involved in methylation processes. Furthermore, we showed that this decrease was due to a modification in the Methionine adenosyl transferase 2A RNA (MAT2A) level, which modifies the ratio of MAT1A/MAT2A, two enzymes that generate SAM. Importantly, HP1α reintroduction into HP1α-depleted cells restored the MAT2A protein to its initial level. Finally, we demonstrated that this transcriptional deregulation of MAT2A in HP1α-depleted cells relied on a lack of recruitment of HP1β and HP1γ to MAT2A promoter where an improper non-CpG methylation site was promoted in the vicinity of the transcription start site where HP1β and HP1γ bound. Altogether, these results highlight an unanticipated link between HP1 and the SAM synthesis pathway, and emphasise emerging functions of HP1s as sensors of some aspects of liver cell metabolism.
Cost‐efficient computation offloading in UAV‐enabled edge computing
Authors: Chen Ying , Chen Shuang , Wu Bilian , Chen Xin
Published: February 2020

With the popularity of computationally intensive applications, more and more computing resources are required. Mobile edge computing (MEC) is widely applied as an effective method to meet the increasing computing demands. In a relatively stable state, MEC can provide computing services with low latency and energy consumption. However, in special cases such as communication traffic, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), by taking advantage of its mobility and flexibility, can assist the edge server to cope with the challenge of instantaneous computing surge. In this study, the authors consider a UAV‐enabled edge computing system. In addition to delay and energy consumption, the authors also consider computing resources costs in the offloading model. Besides, in order to minimise the computing cost of each mobile user (MU), they apply the non‐cooperative game method to model the channel and computing resources competition among MUs. Then, the authors prove that the proposed game is an ordinal potential game and the existence of Nash equilibrium in the game. The authors propose the UAV‐enabled computation offloading (UECO) algorithm to obtain the equilibrium strategy. Finally, the authors show that the UECO algorithm can quickly converge through iterative experiments, and it can achieve lower computing cost through comparative experiments.
Taguchi robust design for the multi‐response considering the manufacturing tolerance used in high‐speed air blower motor
Authors: Kim Kyu‐Seob , Lee Byeong‐Hwa
Published: February 2020

In mass production, manufacturing tolerances are unavoidably generated between the core and permanent magnet. Furthermore, it is necessary to improve the tolerance effect by changing the shape of the motor because the back electromotive force (EMF) and cogging torque are influenced by manufacturing tolerances. In this study, Taguchi robust design is applied to an air blower motor that is used to circulate the air in the fuel cell stack of an electric vehicle. As the widely used Taguchi method could not achieve a multi‐response, a multi‐response signal‐to‐noise ratio based on the Taguchi robust design is employed to consider the back EMF and cogging torque. Finally, an optimum shape is determined for selecting the appropriate combination of control factors in the robust design, and the average and standard deviation of the back EMF and the cogging torque are improved.
Coordinated voltage/var control in a hybrid AC/DC distribution network
Authors: Qiao Feng , Ma Jin
Published: February 2020

A hybrid AC/DC distribution network (HDN) is formed after multiple hybrid AC/DC microgrids (MGs) and distributed generators (DGs) are integrated into the distribution network. Voltage/var control (VVC) in this evolved system constitutes a big challenge to system operators as a large variety of voltage control devices with quite different control characteristics are expected to be co‐managed. This study proposes a coordinated VVC scheme to regulate voltage in an HDN by integrating power management model of hybrid AC/DC MGs into HDN's VVC model. The devices at HDN's level and those in MGs are allocated into two different models, and two models are linked via an approach called mathematical programmes with equilibrium constraints to achieve system‐wide coordination. In the proposed VVC, mechanical devices such on‐load‐tap changer (OLTC) and shunt capacitor (SC) are scheduled every 2 h to save their lifetime, while the electronically interfaced DGs and MGs are scheduled every 30 min to leverage their fast power support. Case studies on a modified IEEE 33 nodes distribution system validate that the proposed VVC can effectively coordinate MGs' power support with OLTC, SCs, and DGs, and it constitutes significant improvements on power loss reduction and voltage quality compared with traditional VVC.
Automatic segmentation for pulmonary nodules in CT images based on multifractal analysis
Authors: Lee Cheng‐Hsiung , Jwo Jung‐Sing
Published: February 2020

To characterise pulmonary nodules, the volume analysis of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) is important for diagnosis. To accurately estimate the volume of pulmonary nodules and reduce physician workloads, this study presents an intelligent method to automatically detect and segment pulmonary nodules from computed tomography (CT) scans. To detect nodule candidates, a modified ‘Iso’ capacity measure based on multifractals analysis is proposed to reflect the local singularity properties and capture the textures of pulmonary nodules. Subsequently, the proposed two‐stage false nodules pruning procedure is applied to categorise a true SPN from nodule candidates. Preliminary results demonstrate that the proposed method can automatically and successfully detect and segment 118 SPNs in 118 CT images from a public lung database. The average and standard deviation of segmentation overlap measures are 0.71 and 0.08, respectively. The authors’ method is competitive compared to the methods reported in the literature. Besides, the proposed method can avoid the problem of selecting seeds when applying region‐growing techniques to segment pulmonary nodules.
Novel deep learning model for facial expression recognition based on maximum boosted CNN and LSTM
Authors: Rajan Saranya , Chenniappan Poongodi , Devaraj Somasundaram , Madian Nirmala
Published: February 2020

Deep learning has received increasing attention in all fields and has made considerable progress in facial expression recognition (FER). Mainly, the conventional FER methods are trained for constrained datasets, which may not operate well for real‐time images. Such real‐time image sequences limit the accuracy and efficacy of the traditional system. In this work, the authors present a novel deep learning framework which combines convolutional neural network (CNN) with long short‐term memory (LSTM) cell for real‐time FER. The novel framework has three main aspects: (i) two different pre‐processing techniques are employed to handle illumination variances and to preserve subtle edge information of each image; (ii) correspondingly, the pre‐processed images are inputted to the two individual CNN architecture which extracts the spatial features very effectively; (iii) spatial feature maps from two individual CNN layers are fused and integrated with an LSTM layer which extracts temporal relations between the successive frames. They experimented the authors’ proposed method on three publically available FER databases and also with self‐created database. With pre‐processing, their proposed model achieves comparable and better results to the state‐of‐the‐art.
Torque ripple suppression of brushless DC motor drives using an alternating two‐phase and three‐phase conduction mode
Authors: Li Zicheng , Kong Qingyao , Cheng Shanmei , Liu Jiang
Published: February 2020

Commutation torque ripple is an important factor affecting the performance of brushless DC (BLDC) motor drives. In order to suppress this torque ripple, an alternating conduction control strategy between the two‐phase and three‐phase conduction mode has been proposed in this study. During the non‐commutation periods, the conventional two‐phase conduction mode is selected to drive the BLDC motor. While during the commutation period, the commutation torque ripple is reduced by employing an alternating two‐phase and three‐phase conduction mode. By calculating the duty cycle of the three‐phase conduction mode, which indicates whether the rate of change in current in the incoming and outgoing phase is equal during the commutation interval, the commutation torque ripple is effectively reduced, while the current in the non‐commutated phase is maintained constant. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can suppress the commutation torque ripple efficiently, particularly at high rotational speeds of the motor.
Fast‐time STAP based on BSS for heterogeneous ionospheric clutter mitigation in HFSWR
Authors: Guo Yueyu , Wei Yinsheng , Xu Rongqing , Yu Lei
Published: February 2020

High‐frequency surface‐wave radar (HFSWR) is widely used in vessel and aircraft detection, sea‐state sensing and wind‐field mapping. Target detection suffers from the ionospheric clutter, which is reflected by the ionosphere. Adaptive beamforming (ABF) has been used for ionospheric clutter mitigation. However, the performance of ABF is limited by the heterogeneous ionospheric clutter and degrees of freedom (DOF) of the antennas array. In order to improve the performance, here, the one‐dimensional ABF is expanded to two‐dimensional fast‐time space–time adaptive processing (STAP), which combines beam and range domains to obtain more DOFs than that in the ABF. In addition, the blind sources separation (BSS) method is also used to improve the spatial covariance matrix estimation accuracy of STAP in the heterogeneous ionospheric clutter background. The simulation and real data results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed BSS‐STAP method in HFSWR.
Biosynthesis and characterisation of zinc oxide nanoparticles from Punica granatum (pomegranate) juice extract and its application in thin films preparation by spin‐coating method
Authors: Barzinjy Azeez Abdullah , Hamad Samir Mustafa , Esmaeel Mahera Muhsin , Aydın Semih Khurshid , Hussain Faiq Hama Saeed
Published: February 2020

In this work, zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film has been assembled through the spin‐coating method and accumulated on the p‐type silicon (100) wafer. The ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) prepared via an entirely green procedure using Punica granatum (pomegranate) juice extract as an efficient chelating and capping agent. The coated ZnO NPs exhibited a homogeneous thin film over the silicon wafer. The crystal structure, surface morphology, alignment, and optical characteristics of ZnO thin film were studied through X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, EDX analysis, infrared spectroscopy, in addition to UV–vis spectra, correspondingly. The structure of the ZnO thin film was indexed as a wurtzite structure. UV–vis spectroscopy reveals that the alteration is straight bandgap energy (Eg) and it is precisely 3.41 eV. The acquired ZnO thin films conceivably utilised as a photovoltaic material. The IR absorbance spectra indicate that the ZnO NPs spin‐coated on the Si substrate improves the crystalline quality.
Angular momentum profiles of Class 0 protostellar envelopes
Authors: Gaudel M. , Maury A. J. , Belloche A. , Maret S. , André Ph. , Hennebelle P. , Galametz M. , Testi L. , Cabrit S. , Palmeirim P. , Ladjelate B. , Codella C. , Podio L.
Published: February 2020

Context. Understanding the initial properties of star forming material and how they affect the star formation process is a key question. The infalling gas must redistribute most of its initial angular momentum inherited from prestellar cores before reaching the central stellar embryo. Disk formation has been naturally considered as a possible solution to this “angular momentum problem”. However, how the initial angular momentum of protostellar cores is distributed and evolves during the main accretion phase and the beginning of disk formation has largely remained unconstrained up to now.

Aims. In the framework of the IRAM CALYPSO survey, we obtained observations of the dense gas kinematics that we used to quantify the amount and distribution of specific angular momentum at all scales in collapsing-rotating Class 0 protostellar envelopes.

Methods. We used the high dynamic range C18O (2−1) and N2H+ (1−0) datasets to produce centroid velocity maps and probe the rotational motions in the sample of 12 envelopes from scales ~50 to ~5000 au.

Results. We identify differential rotation motions at scales ≲1600 au in 11 out of the 12 protostellar envelopes of our sample by measuring the velocity gradient along the equatorial axis, which we fit with a power-law model v ∝ rα. This suggests that coherent motions dominate the kinematics in the inner protostellar envelopes. The radial distributions of specific angular momentum in the CALYPSO sample suggest the following two distinct regimes within protostellar envelopes: the specific angular momentum decreases as j ∝ r1.6±0.2 down to ~1600 au and then tends to become relatively constant around ~6 × 10−4 km s−1 pc down to ~50 au.

Conclusions. The values of specific angular momentum measured in the inner Class 0 envelopes suggest that material directly involved in the star formation process (<1600 au) has a specific angular momentum on the same order of magnitude as what is inferred in small T-Tauri disks. Thus, disk formation appears to be a direct consequence of angular momentum conservation during the collapse. Our analysis reveals a dispersion of the directions of velocity gradients at envelope scales >1600 au, suggesting that these gradients may not be directly related to rotational motions of the envelopes. We conclude that the specific angular momentum observed at these scales could find its origin in other mechanisms, such as core-forming motions (infall, turbulence), or trace an imprint of the initial conditions for the formation of protostellar cores.
Characterizing the spatial pattern of solar supergranulation using the bispectrum
Authors: Böning Vincent G. A. , Birch Aaron C. , Gizon Laurent , Duvall Thomas L. , Schou Jesper
Published: February 2020

Context. The spatial power spectrum of supergranulation does not fully characterize the underlying physics of turbulent convection. For example, it does not describe the non-Gaussianity in the horizontal flow divergence.

Aims. Our aim is to statistically characterize the spatial pattern of solar supergranulation beyond the power spectrum. The next-order statistic is the bispectrum. It measures correlations of three Fourier components and is related to the nonlinearities in the underlying physics. It also characterizes how a skewness in the dataset is generated by the coupling of three Fourier components.

Methods. We estimated the bispectrum of supergranular horizontal surface divergence maps that were obtained using local correlation tracking (LCT) and time-distance helioseismology (TD) from one year of data from the helioseismic and magnetic imager on-board the solar dynamics observatory starting in May 2010.

Results. We find significantly nonzero and consistent estimates for the bispectrum using LCT and TD. The strongest nonlinearity is present when the three coupling wave vectors are at the supergranular scale. These are the same wave vectors that are present in regular hexagons, which have been used in analytical studies of solar convection. At these Fourier components, the bispectrum is positive, consistent with the positive skewness in the data and consistent with supergranules preferentially consisting of outflows surrounded by a network of inflows. We use the bispectral estimates to generate synthetic divergence maps that are very similar to the data. This is done by a model that consists of a Gaussian term and a weaker quadratic nonlinear component. Using this method, we estimate the fraction of the variance in the divergence maps from the nonlinear component to be of the order of 4–6%.

Conclusions. We propose that bispectral analysis is useful for understanding the dynamics of solar turbulent convection, for example for comparing observations and numerical models of supergranular flows. This analysis may also be useful to generate synthetic flow fields.
Preparation and magnetic properties of wrinkled FeRh flexible films
Authors: Xie Yali , Wang Baomin , Yang Huali , Li Run-Wei
Published: February 2020

Magnetic thin films are indispensable in flexible devices, which necessitate methods to fabricate flexible magnetic thin films. In this work, we present a method to fabricate wrinkled FeRh flexible films via a coating and transfer process. The obtained FeRh/PDMS films have random patterns of wrinkles with a mean periodicity of 10 μm. From the curvature dependent magnetic measurements, it can be determined that the magnetic properties of the obtained wrinkled FeRh flexible films are insensitive to flexing up to a radius of curvature of 1.5 mm, making it promising for applications in flexible devices.
Structural reversibility of Cu doped NU-1000 MOFs under hydrogenation conditions
Authors: Halder Avik , Lee Sungsik , Yang Bing , Pellin Michael J. , Vajda Stefan , Li Zhanyong , Yang Ying , Farha Omar K. , Hupp Joseph T.
Published: February 2020

The metal–organic framework (MOF), NU-1000, and its metalated counterparts have found proof-of-concept application in heterogeneous catalysis and hydrogen storage among others. A vapor-phase technique, akin to atomic layer deposition (ALD), is used to selectively deposit divalent Cu ions on oxo, hydroxo-bridged hexa-zirconium(IV) nodes capped with terminal –OH and –OH2 ligands. The subsequent reaction with steam yields node-anchored, CuII-oxo, hydroxo clusters. We find that cluster installation via AIM (ALD in MOFs) is accompanied by an expansion of the MOF mesopore (channel) diameter. We investigated the behavior of the cluster-modified material, termed Cu-AIM-NU-1000, to heat treatment up to 325 °C at atmospheric pressure with a low flow of H2 into the reaction cell. The response under these conditions revealed two important results: (1) Above 200 °C, the initially installed few-metal-ion clusters reduce to neutral Cu atoms. The neutral atoms migrate from the nodes and aggregate into Cu nanoparticles. While the size of particles formed in the MOF interior is constrained by the width of mesopores (∼3 nm), the size of those formed on the exterior surface of the MOF can grow as large as ∼8 nm. (2) Reduction and release of Cu atoms from the MOFs nodes is accompanied by the dynamic structural transformation of NU-1000 as it reverts back to its original dimension following the release. These results show that while the MOF framework itself remains intact at 325 °C in an H2 atmosphere, the small, AIM-installed CuII-oxo, hydroxo clusters are stable with respect to reduction and conversion to metallic nanoparticles only up to ∼200 °C.
Imaging perturbed shock propagation in powders
Authors: Cooper M. A. , Sapp A. W. , Guo S. , Vogler T. J.
Published: February 2020

A novel experimental methodology is presented to study the deviatoric response of powders in shock regimes. The powders are confined to a cylindrical wedge volume, and a projectile-driven shock wave with a sinusoidally varying front propagates through the powder. The perturbed shock wave exhibits a damping behavior due to irreversible processes of viscosity and strength (deviatoric) of the powder with propagation through increasing powder thicknesses. The inclined surface of the wedge is polished and coated to establish a diffuse surface suitable for reflecting incident laser light into a high-speed camera imaging at 5 MHz. Images of the contrast loss upon shock wave arrival at the observation surface are post-processed for qualitative and quantitative information. New data of shock damping behavior with parameters of perturbation wavelength and initial shock strength are presented for powders of copper, tantalum, and tungsten carbide as well as their mixtures. We present the first full-field images showing additional spatial disturbances on the perturbed shock front that appear dependent on particle material and morphology.
High gain, large area, and solar blind avalanche photodiodes based on Al-rich AlGaN grown on AlN substrates
Authors: Reddy Pramod , Hayden Breckenridge M. , Guo Qiang , Klump Andrew , Khachariya Dolar , Pavlidis Spyridon , Mecouch Will , Mita Seiji , Moody Baxter , Tweedie James , Kirste Ronny , Kohn Erhard , Collazo Ramon , Sitar Zlatko
Published: February 2020

We demonstrate large area (25 000 μm2) Al-rich AlGaN-based avalanche photodiodes (APDs) grown on single crystal AlN substrates operating with differential (the difference in photocurrent and dark current) signal gain of 100 000 at 90 pW (<1 μW cm−2) illumination with very low dark currents <0.1 pA at room temperature under ambient light. The high gain in large area AlGaN APDs is attributed to a high breakdown voltage at 340 V, corresponding to very high breakdown fields ∼9 MV cm−1 as a consequence of low threading and screw dislocation densities < 103 cm−2. The maximum charge collection efficiency of 30% was determined at 255 nm, corresponding to the bandgap of Al0.65Ga0.35N, with a response of 0.06 A/W. No response was detected for λ > 280 nm, establishing solar blindness of the device.
Toward quantifying capacity losses due to solid electrolyte interphase evolution in silicon thin film batteries
Authors: Steinrück Hans-Georg , Cao Chuntian , Veith Gabriel M. , Toney Michael F.
Published: February 2020

To understand the origins of failure and limited cycle life in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), it is imperative to quantitatively link capacity-fading mechanisms to electrochemical and chemical processes. This is extremely challenging in real systems where capacity is lost during each cycle to both active material loss and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) evolution, two indistinguishable contributions in traditional electrochemical measurements. Here, we have used a model system in combination with (1) precision measurements of the overall Coulombic efficiency via electrochemical experiments and (2) x-ray reflectivity measurements of the active material losses. The model system consisted of a 515 Å thick amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin film on silicon carbide in half-cell geometry using a carbonate electrolyte with LiPF6 salt. This approach allowed us to quantify the capacity lost during each cycle due to SEI evolution. Combined with electrochemical analysis, we identify SEI growth as the major contribution to capacity fading. Specifically, the continued SEI growth results in increasing overpotentials due to increased SEI resistance, and this leads to lower extent of lithiation when the cutoff voltage is reached during lithiation. Our results suggest that SEI grows more with increased time spent at low voltages where electrolyte decomposition is favored. Finally, we extracted a proportionality constant for SEI growth following a parabolic growth law. Our methodology allows for the quantitative determination of lithium-ion loss mechanisms in LIBs by separately tracking lithium ions within the active materials and the SEI and offers a powerful method of quantitatively understanding LIB loss mechanisms.
Translation quality gained through the implementation of the iso en 17100:2015 and the usage of the blockchain
Authors: Duro Moreno Miguel
Published: February 2020

Theiso en17100:2015 (Translation Services – Requirements for Translation Services) is a quality standard including a set of provisions (requirements and recommendations) for all the core aspects of the translation process, considered as an industrial asset. Its main (or, rather, itsonly) goal is the implementation of a series of activities deemed as necessary for the delivery of a quality translation end-product, on the assumption that a quality process leads ineluctably to a quality end-product. The standard’s provisions do not refer to what is in Spain known astraducción jurada(sworn translation). This paper addresses what the standard leaves out: a proposal for the implementation of its provisions, combined with the usage of the blockchain1and other disruptive technologies to sworn translation, by focusing on the illustrative case of Spain. It discusses the applicable regulations concerningsworn translationandsworn translation standardizationand explores the methods through which the combined application of a functional translation methodological framework, the provisions of theiso en17100:2015 standard, a standardized macrotextual pattern and a number of security devices and disruptive technologies might contribute to building a quality management system in the domain of sworn translation.
Englische Gerichtsverhandlungen in Deutschland und Europa
Authors: Dalügge-Momme Natascha
Published: February 2020

Time and again, the topic of “Proceedings in English at German courts’ haunts the German media. Despite the
failure of this experiment in some German cities, others keep trying again and again. This is intended to secure Germany as a
court location in the long term. Other countries in Europe, such as Belgium, the Netherlands or France, have also been toying with these
possibilities. What are the results there? Have they led to the expected securing of the place of jurisdiction? Are all those
involved in the proceedings, such as judges, public prosecutors and lawyers, any witnesses, clerks, court ushers, the office and
the interested public up to the challenge of following or conducting the proceedings in a language foreign to them? What are the
experiences?
Metaphor thoughtfully
Authors: Barnden John
Published: February 2020

Some Cognitive Linguistic theorizing and related
psychological experimentation points to the active use of
metaphorical, source/target relationships (mappings) in the mind
even when external metaphorical communications are absent. However,
some ramifications of this need attention. This article explores how
people might mentally add metaphor while
understanding discourse, i.e., mentally couch their understanding in
metaphorical terms not used by the discourse itself. This could even
involve giving a literal sentence a metaphorical understanding.
Metaphor addition is suggested by psychological evidence of
bidirectionality in metaphor, where there is not only the normal,
“forwards” transfer of information from source to target but also
“reverse” transfer. In a different vein, the article deepens the
author’s previous Anti-Analogy-Extension Thesis
whereby source-domain items that are not mapped into the target can
nevertheless be crucial in indirectly illuminating the target, and
therefore arguably crucial in representing it. This results in an
unusually holistic and fictionalist view of mental
representation.
Figures of speech revisited
Authors: Bierwiaczonek Bogusław
Published: February 2020

The aim of the paper is to add the terms and
concepts of synecdochic metonymy (syntonymy) and synecdochic
metaphor (syntaphor) to the traditional typology of figures of
speech. It is argued that the two additional terms are useful as
they cover important intermediate categories of transfers of meaning
between synecdoche, understood as vertical transfer based on various
levels of taxonomy, and two other “master tropes”, namely metonymy
and metaphor. The proposed concepts and terms may not only help
identify and designate certain borderline cases of figurative
language, but also add precision and adequacy to the analyses of
lexical polysemy. They may also contribute to a cognitive account of
catachresis.
The metonymic exploitation of descriptive, attitudinal, and
regulatory scenarios in meaning making
Authors: Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez Francisco José , Galera Masegosa Alicia
Published: February 2020

This chapter accounts for the different outcomes
resulting from the exploitation of different kinds of situational
cognitive models (scenarios). Starting from Ruiz de Mendoza and Galera’s
(2014) taxonomy of cognitive models, we take a step
further by subdividing scenarios into descriptive, attitudinal, and
regulatory types. It is our contention that the kind of scenario
involved constrains the inferential mechanisms activated at the
pragmatic levels, which are supported by metonymic activity in the
form of metonymic expansion plus metonymic reduction. How such
processes can motivate the various formal aspects of constructions
is discussed with reference to Kay and Fillmore’s (1999) well-known description of the
What’s X Doing Y? construction. This chapter
also shows the connections between Langacker’s profile-base
relations and the metonymic exploitation of the different kinds of
scenarios.
Akiko Iwasaki: Women in STEM
Authors: Houston Stephanie
Published: February 2020

Akiko Iwasaki is a Waldemar Von Zedtwitz Professor of Immunobiology, a Professor of Molecular and Cellular and Developmental Biology at Yale, and an Investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Her laboratory works on a wide variety of topics, from mucosal immunology to viruses, and recently she published a pioneering paper showing how the meningeal lymphatic vasculature can be manipulated with VEGF-C to promote an immune response to glioblastoma. She is the future president of the American Association of Immunologists, a JEM Advisory Editor, has been awarded numerous prizes, and is a true Twitter celebrity. I chatted with Akiko to find out about her career so far and about being a woman in STEM.
Data analysis implications of moderately eccentric gravitational waves
Authors: Moore Blake , Yunes Nicolás
Published: February 2020

While the expectation is that the majority of gravitational wave events observable by ground-based detectors will be emitted by compact binaries in quasi-circular orbits, the growing number of detections suggests the possibility of detecting waves from binaries with non-negligible orbital eccentricity in the near future. Several gravitational wave models incorporate the effects of small orbital eccentricities (e ≲ 0.2), but these models may not be sufficient to analyze waves from systems with moderate eccentricity. We recently developed an inspiral only gravitational wave model that faithfully accounts for eccentric corrections in the moderate eccentricity regime (e ≲ 0.8 for certain source masses) at 3rd post-Newtonian order. Here we consider the data analysis implications of this particular waveform model by producing and analyzing posteriors via Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. We find that the accuracy to which eccentricity and source masses can be measured can increase by 2 orders of magnitude with increasing eccentricity of the signal. We also find that signals with low eccentricity can be confidently identified as eccentric as soon as their eccentricity exceeds 0.008 (0.05) for low (high) mass systems, suggesting eccentric detections are likely to come first from low-mass systems. We complete our analysis by investigating the systematic (mismodeling) error inherent in our post-Newtonian model, finding that for signals with a signal-to-noise ratio of 15, the systematic error is below the statistical error for eccentricities as high as 0.8 (0.5) for low (high) mass systems. We also investigate the systematic error that arises from using a model that neglects eccentricity when the signal is truly eccentric, finding that the systematic error exceeds the statistical error in mass for eccentricities as small as 0.02. As a byproduct of this work we also present some new measures of the accuracy of our model, and investigate the efficiency of the model. We also show that the model is efficient enough to be useful for data analysis provided we are in a mass range in which an inspiral only model is valid. In the higher mass cases, this work points to the importance of developing IMR models.
Dependence of limited radiative recombination rate of InGaN-based light-emitting diode on lattice temperature with high injection*
Authors: Gao Jiang-Dong , Zhang Jian-Li , Quan Zhi-Jue , Liu Jun-Lin , Jiang Feng-Yi
Published: February 2020

It is observed that the radiative recombination rate in InGaN-based light-emitting diode decreases with lattice temperature increasing. The effect of lattice temperature on the radiative recombination rate tends to be stable at high injection. Thus, there should be an upper limit for the radiative recombination rate in the quantum well with the carrier concentration increasing, even under the same lattice temperature. A modified and easily used ABC-model is proposed. It describes that the slope of the radiative recombination rate gradually decreases to zero, and further reaches a negative value in a small range of lattice temperature increasing. These provide a new insight into understanding the dependence of the radiative recombination rate on lattice temperature and carrier concentration in InGaN-based light-emitting diode.
Study on the Calculation of Cable Emergency Current Capacity Based on Real-time Measurement Data
Authors: Wang P Y , Xu Z F , Xu T , Li H R , Lai L R , Liu G
Published: February 2020

In actual operation, the cable may bear extra load due to other line faults within a certain time. This load is called the emergency Current Capacity, and this time period is called the emergency time. There are two main ways to solve the emergency Current Capacity using the thermal circuit. One is to take the surface temperature of the cable outer sheath as the boundary of the transient thermal circuit, without considering the influence of laying environment. The other is to use the environmental thermal parameters recommended by IEC standard. Since the actual environment along the cable is complex and changeable, and the environmental thermal parameters are time-varying, both methods will cause errors. In this paper, the environmental thermal parameters are calculated by using the data obtained from the real-time measurement, which is then substituted into the derived formula to obtain the emergency Current Capacity algorithm. The correctness of the algorithm is verified by comparing the results with the ones of FEA simulation and IEC. The results show that: the algorithm proposed in this paper is safe and more accurate. The effects of initial load and emergency time are also be analysed at the same time.
Power flow model with flat frequency control and load characteristic for voltage stability indices
Authors: Lomi Abraham , Krismanto Awan Uji , Yudi Limpraptono F , Widodo Kartiko Ardi , Mahmudi Ali , Faisol Ahmad
Published: February 2020

The growing of power systems with massive interconnection becomes more complicated for reliable and economical operation under dynamic as well as steady-state operating conditions. Therefore, it is desirable to develop techniques for evaluating the voltage stability condition with the implementation of the voltage stability index and the minimum singular value of the system. This paper proposes an approach a model of power flow incorporating the generator controls with considering load characteristics of flat frequency control (FFC) scheme in large interconnected power systems. Results on a 24-Bus EHV practical system is presented for illustration of power flow solution.
PID controller parameters enhanced founded on Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Kouassi B A , Zhang Yiming , Mbyamm Kiki M J , Ouattara S
Published: February 2020

Optimization issues are of great importance to both the industrial and scientific worlds. Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm (AFSA) is a clever optimization algorithm founded on a behaviour inspired by the nature. The enhanced artificial fish swarm algorithm (EAFSA), settled on chaotic model, is applied to optimize the Proportional Integral Derivatives PID parameters, which increases the dynamic of the tuning mechanism and improves its fundamental behaviour. The simulation results show that this optimization algorithm gives faster response, shorter adjustment time and smaller overshoot.
Compartmentalization studies of a deep-design batch Microbial Fuel Cell assembly
Authors: Pamintuan Kristopher Ray S. , Bagumba Ivan Harold P. , Domingo Zairus Dref G.
Published: February 2020

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a promising technology in bioelectricity production. Water systems may be utilized in producing electricity by bio-electrochemical catalytic activity of its inherent microbial culture while simultaneously treating wastewater. Current studies are focusing on design and material optimization for future up-scaling application. For large-scale application, optimization studies such as compartmentalization and stacking become important. In this study, a membrane-less microbial fuel cell is designed and optimized in terms of optimum electrode distances and optimum surface area ratios. It was found that the specific design yielded a maximum of 25.81 mV at the optimum distance wherein dissolved oxygen is sufficiently low enough in this level. Through the optimization of electrode distance was also found that the MFC designed is anode-limited with a 1:4 ratio of anode to cathode is required to produce its maximum power density output. Multiple electrodes study proves the MFC setup is stackable even without membrane separation. This paper reports the first known attempt to quantify an optimum surface area to volume ratio at 2.34 m2/m3.
Vascular Extraction by using matched filter on retinal image
Authors: Kanjanasurat I , Purahong B , Pintavirooj C , Benjangkaprasert C
Published: February 2020

This paper presents a vascular extraction on the retinal image by using matched filter. It uses the approximation to calculate a matrix and convolved with retinal images. Also, the proposed method tested with two widely used databases, including DRIVE and STARE. The results of vascular extraction have an average accuracy of 0.944 in DRIVE and 0.936 in STARE. The sensitivity of DRIVE and STARE, which a parameter for detect vessel correctly was achieved 0.73 and 0.753, respectively. In addition, this algorithm has a high performance and fast algorithm.