SIGNS OF DYSTOPIAS IN J. ORWELL'S "1984" AND O. HUXLEY'S "BRAVE NEW WORLD"
Authors: Revutska . S. K ,   Mykhailo Tuhan-Baranovskyi Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade, Barlit L. M. 
Published: July 2024

Objective. The objective of the article is to outline the main features of dystopia in the works of J. Orwell "1984" and O. Huxley "Brave New World". Methods. The main scientific results are obtained by means of a component analysis of the novels "Brave New World" by O. Huxley and "1984" by J. Orwell. The main attention is paid to the common dominant features of dystopias. Results. In recent years the phenomenon of dystopia has become increasingly relevant not only in literary studies, but in other humanities and art as well. The dystopian novels "Brave New World" and "1984" are repeatedly mentioned in studies of the dystopian genre as its most famous examples in literature. Dystopian features can be clearly traced in both novels. Thus, they share the recreation of a totalitarian regime and the use of propaganda and manipulation as the main means of controlling society. The ways of achieving the goal of absolute control are different: in "1984" the authorities choose pain and suffering as the main instrument of deterrence and control, while in "Brave New World" they choose to satisfy basic needs, which are also determined by the controllers. Both works present a clear social system, which can also be attributed to the common features of dystopias. In Orwell's work the classification of society is based on proximity to the main ruling body – the Party, and citizens are divided into: members of the Inner Party, the Outer Party and the Proles. There were 5 types of citizens in the "Brave New World": Alpha, Beta – upper class, Gamma – middle class, Delta, Epsilon – lower class. Each class performed its own function in society, had a uniform and a certain set of skills for survival. The destruction of individuality and the devaluation of family and universal values are presented in different ways in the novels, but what is common is that both novels emphasise that too much concentration of power and control over citizens can lead to the destruction of basic human values and the destruction of freedom. References Borshchyk, (2023). Antyutopiia: osoblyvosti zhanrovoi modeli [Dystopia: features of the genre model]. Mahisterski studii. Almanakh [Master's studies. Almanac.], Issue 23. Kherson – Ivano- Frankivsk, KhDU Publ., pp. 23‒26. Dmytrenko, N. V. (2016). Mizh totalitarnym peklom ta spozhyvatskym raiem. Roman- antyutopiia Oldosa Khaksli "Prekrasnyi novyi svit" [Between totalitarian hell and consumer heaven. Aldous Huxley's dystopian novel "Brave New World"]. Teoretychna i dydaktychna Seriia: Filolohiia (literaturoznavstvo, movoznavstvo) [Theoretical and didactic philology. Series: Philology (literature, linguistics)], Issue 23, pp. 47‒56. Available at: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/tdff_2016_23_8. Ivanova, O. (2020). Zhanrovi osoblyvosti antyutopii: teoretychnyi aspekt [Genre features of dystopia: theoretical aspect]. Zakarpatski filolohichni studii [Transcarpathian Philological Studies], Issue 13, Vol. 3, pp. 77‒81. Available at: http://zfs- journal.uzhnu.uz.ua/archive/13/part_3/16.pdf Kulikova, (2017). Termin antyutopiia v konteksti literaturnoho protsesu XX stolittia [The term dystopia in the context of the literary process of the 20th century]. Aktualni problemy literaturoznavchoi terminolohii : naukovyi zbirnyk [Actual problems of literary terminology: scientific collection], Issue 2. Rivne, O. Zen Publ., pp. 198–201. Kovaliv, Yu. I. Ed. (2007). Literaturoznavcha entsyklopediia : u 2 t. [Literary encyclopedia: in 2 volumes]. Kyiv, Akademiia Publ., Vol. 1, 608 p. Hromiak, R. , Kovaliv, Yu. I. & Teremko, V. I. Ed. (2007). Literaturoznavchyi slovnyk- dovidnyk [Literary dictionary-reference]. Kyiv, Akademiia Publ., 2007. 752 p. Orwell, J. (2021). 1984. / trans. By V. Holysheva. Kyiv, Force Ukraina Publ., 318 p. Parkhomenko, I. (2011). Antyutopiia: interpretatsiia v suchasnomu literaturoznavstvi [Dystopia: interpretation in modern literature]. Visnyk Kharkivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu im. V. N. Karazina. Seriia: Filolohiia [Bulletin of Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series: Philology.], No. 963, Issue 62, pp. 217–222. Huxley, (1994). Chudovyi novyi svit [The Wonderful New World] / trans. By S. Marenko. Kyiv, Vsesvit Publ., 125 p. Hemmingsen, A. (2015). Dystopian Literature, Emotion and Utopian Longing: Master`s thesis. Kansas, University of Kansas Publ., 60 p.