bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motion Recognition Based on Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: Wang Xue , Liu Li , Zhang Yingxing
Published: July 2024

Advanced scientific and technological measurement methods are the basis of sports research and the progress of sports research methods. It promotes the continuous improvement of sports technology to meet athletes’ pursuit of excellent sports achievements. Therefore, the method of sports scientific research must be changed from the traditional empirical training mode to the programmed training method, from the qualitative analysis of the training effect to the nuanced analysis of the training process. Based on this, this paper uses in-depth learning to study sports motion capture. First, two-dimensional human joints are extracted based on Mask R-CNN. Then, the 3D human motion skeleton is constructed by using the binocular vision system, and the Mask R-CNN human pose estimation algorithm is optimized. On this basis, a sports motion capture system is designed, and the system’s accuracy is verified. The error of the depth information obtained by the sports capture system constructed in this paper is less than 3% in the experiment of about 2[Formula: see text]m. It has strong practicability.
Rectifying Discrepancies Between GB-SAR Images and Terrain Model Caused by Measurement Deviations in Open-Pit Mines
Authors: Zheng Xiangtian , Cheng Liang , Li Zhuang , Yuan Yifei , Zhang Keli , Yang Xiaolin , Jiao Liangbao , Zhang Jinsong
Published: July 2024

Ground-based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (GB-InSAR) is a valuable technique for monitoring deformation of landslides. GB-InSAR can construct high-resolution 2D images in a range-doppler plane. However, it is difficult for geo-engineers who are unfamiliar with radar monitoring geometry to interpret the results. Geometric mapping method has been applied to the co-registration of terrain models and radar images for the deformation zonation, but the mismatching correction with GB-InSAR and terrain model is not fully investigated by existing researches. To address this issue, this paper proposes a method exploiting an optimum linear transformation based on ground control points (GCPs). The proposed method was evaluated on simulated data and a field campaign in an open pit mine. The deformation mapping result of the method was verified by a collapse event. The method proposed in this paper has an RMSE value ranging from 0.502 to 0.720[Formula: see text]m (@700[Formula: see text]m average monitoring range) when the average density of the terrain point cloud is 0.5[Formula: see text]m. Although this method cannot accurately evaluate the antenna footprint vector deflection parameters, it can meet the needs of coarse matching calibration in relatively flat slope sub-target areas of open-pit mines for engineering applications.
Analysis of the Stability and System Participation Factors of Grid-Connected Converters
Authors: Liang Chunhui , Li Jinfa , Zuo Xiaoyang , Huang Chenglong , Liu Renjie
Published: July 2024

When the sources of renewable energy and numerous power electronic gadgets are introduced into the power system, which is related to the negative resistance features of power electronic gadgets, the power system with high power electronics often exhibits weak inertia. Also the stability of multi-converter grid-connected systems is adversely affected. To address these issues, a process of small disturbance stability analysis is proposed in this paper for the grid-connected systems of multiple grid-forming converters based on impedance ratio criterion. The Nyquist trajectory map of the system ratio of impedance in the complex plane is used in the suggested analytical method to estimate the quantity of RHPs in the right half-plane of the system, and the stability at the common points of the system is evaluated against the Nyquist criterion. In addition, the instability of grid-forming converters in grid-connected systems is reproduced by using grid-forming converters state space equation. Unlike the traditional methods of analysis, the method proposed in this paper can be applied to specifically judge the key equipment or control link of instability of the system, which provides guidance on optimizing the parameters of the system. Finally, simulation analysis is conducted to confirm that the model is accurate and that the proposed approach is applicable.
An Automatic Grading Model for Semantic Complexity of English Texts Using Bidirectional Attention-Based Autoencoder
Authors: Chen Ruo Han , Ng Boon Sim , Paramasivam Shamala , Ren Li
Published: July 2024

With the advent of the information age, the massive increase of English text data puts forward higher requirements for text analysis and processing. The aim of this study is to accurately evaluate the semantic complexity of English text through an autoencoder structure based on bidirectional attention. This paper first analyzes the importance of automatic classification of semantic complexity in English text, and then builds an autoencoder structure based on bidirectional attention, which captures bidirectional information in text, and then uses the autoencoder structure for feature extraction and dimension reduction, which further strengthens the model’s ability to capture semantic complexity. Finally, A Bidirectional Attention Self-Encoding English Text Semantic Complexity Automatic Grading Model (BSETG) is established. This study conducted experimental verification based on semantic Evaluation (SemEval) dataset, convolutional neural network (CNN)/Daily Mail dataset and Penn Treebank dataset, and conducted a comparative analysis with existing semantic complexity evaluation methods. The experimental results show that the overall accuracy of BSETG algorithm is maintained between 70% and 90%, the response speed of BSETG algorithm is relatively fast, and the success rate of BSETG algorithm is relatively stable to a large extent.
FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AA6082-T6 PRODUCED BY FRICTION STIR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
Authors: SINGH BHUPENDER , YADAV SUKHVIR , YADAV ASHOK KUMAR , SAHA ABHIJIT , SINGH DHARAMVEER , CHOUDHURY UMAKANTA
Published: July 2024

The machinability of aluminum alloy (Al-6082) has the scope of enhancement by integrating Friction Stir Processing (FSP) with tool geometry, tool shape and different tool materials. In this research, the role of tool pin shape has been studied by experimenting on various tool shapes (square, hexagonal and octagonal) with the aim of machinability improvement. In FSP, the tool rotation speed is 930[Formula: see text]rpm and tool travel speed is 26[Formula: see text]mm/min. The specimens have undergone tensile, microhardness and microstructure testing using optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy. The percentage elongation has been increased from 15% to 29% in the case of the octagonal-shaped tool pin; similarly, the (Vickers’) microhardness value is 14.6% higher than the square- and hexagonal-shaped tool pins. Among these tool pin shapes, the octagonal-shaped tool pin succeeded in providing the best-in-class machinability performance on Al-6082 T6 alloy with FSP. It may unveil the newer scopes of FSP on Al-6082 for automotive components assembly and other similar applications.
Resonant optical soliton solutions for time-fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation in optical fibers
Authors: Murad Muhammad Amin Sadiq , Ismael Hajar F. , Sulaiman Tukur Abdulkadir
Published: July 2024

In this paper, several new optical soliton solutions of the time-fractional generalized resonant nonlinear Schrödinger equation, relevant to pulse propagation in optical fibers, are constructed using the extended simplest equation approach. The new exact solutions are expressed in terms of hyperbolic functions, trigonometric functions, and rational functions. Further, two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and contour graphs of king-type, wave, dark–bright, bright, and bell-shaped optical soliton solutions are plotted to elucidate the significance of the time-fractional generalized resonant nonlinear Schrödinger equation using appropriate values of physical parameters. The dynamic behavior of the present solutions, incorporating the effect of the conformable fractional derivative, is depicted through two-dimensional graphs. The derived optical solutions are considered novel and have presumably not been previously reported in the literature.
Drive-By Identification of Joint Bridge Damage and Surface Roughness Based on Sensitivity Analysis of Residual Contact Point Deflections
Authors: Guo Xiurui , Jin Zhiqiang , Lei Ying
Published: July 2024

Drive-by inspection of bridge damage using a passing vehicle’s dynamic response has great potential in bridge damage identification. Among the current drive-by methodologies, the methods based on bridge modeling have been proposed for the quantitative identification of bridge damage and bridge surface roughness. However, the coupling of bridge damage and unknown surface roughness increases the difficulty of the identification problem and most previous studies conduct the identification task of bridge damage or bridge surface roughness separately. In this paper, a novel method is proposed for the identification of joint bridge damage and bridge surface roughness based on the residual bridge deflections from the front and rear wheels contact points of an instrumented passing vehicle. The vehicle–bridge interaction is analyzed using a half-car model of a four degrees of freedom (4-DOF) with front and rear vehicle wheels. First, the vehicle–bridge unknown forces and displacement of the vehicle axles are identified by the generalized Kalman filter under unknown input (GKF-UI) proposed by the authors. The sensors can be installed conveniently on the vehicle body due to GKF-UI. Then, the residual bridge deflections from the front and rear vehicle wheels contact points are utilized to eliminate the effect of road surface roughness. Afterward, bridge structural damage is identified based on the sensitivity analysis of residual bridge deflections from the front and rear contact points with [Formula: see text]1-norm regularization. Finally, bridge road surface roughness is estimated based on the identified unknown forces and updated bridge model with damage. The results of numerical identification examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for the identification of joint bridge damage and surface roughness.
A Novel Hybrid Attention-Based Dilated Network for Depression Classification Model from Multimodal Data Using Improved Heuristic Approach
Authors: Manjulatha B. , Pabboju Suresh
Published: July 2024

Automatic depression classification from multimodal input data is a challenging task. Modern methods use paralinguistic information such as audio and video signals. Using linguistic information such as speech signals and text data for depression classification is a complicated task in deep learning models. Best audio and video features are built to produce a dependable depression classification system. Textual signals related to depression classification are analyzed using text-based content data. Moreover, to increase the achievements of the depression classification system, audio, visual, and text descriptors are used. So, a deep learning-based depression classification model is developed to detect the person with depression from multimodal data. The EEG signal, Speech signal, video, and text are gathered from standard databases. Four stages of feature extraction take place. In the first stage, the features from the decomposed EEG signals are attained by the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method, and features are extracted by means of linear and nonlinear feature extraction. In the second stage, the spectral features of the speech signals from the Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) are extracted. In the third stage, the facial texture features from the input video are extracted. In the fourth stage of feature extraction, the input text data are pre-processed, and from the pre-processed data, the textual features are extracted by using the Transformer Net. All four sets of features are optimally selected and combined with the optimal weights to get the weighted fused features using the enhanced mountaineering team-based optimization algorithm (EMTOA). The optimal weighted fused features are finally given to the hybrid attention-based dilated network (HADN). The HDAN is developed by combining temporal convolutional network (TCN) with bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM). The parameters in the HDAN are optimized with the assistance of the developed EMTOA algorithm. At last, the classified output of depression is obtained from the HDAN. The efficiency of the developed deep learning HDAN is validated by comparing it with various traditional classification models.
A filtration of the relative Brauer group for a tower of two quadratic extensions
Authors: Sivatski Alexander S.
Published: July 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a field of characteristic different from [Formula: see text], and let [Formula: see text] be a tower of two quadratic field extensions. We construct a filtration on the relative Brauer group [Formula: see text] and compute its factors in terms of certain norm groups. The answer depends on whether the extension [Formula: see text] is biquadratic or not. As a consequence we obtain a description of the group [Formula: see text] for a Galois field extension [Formula: see text] with dihedral Galois group. Also, we prove that for any [Formula: see text]-torsion abelian group [Formula: see text] and any biquadratic extension [Formula: see text] there exists a field extension [Formula: see text] linearly disjoint with [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text].
Understanding the Water-Energy Nexus at the Private Household Level: An Economic Perspective
Authors: Zhu Yuanzao , Klassert Christian , Klauer Bernd , Gawel Erik
Published: July 2024

Residential water and energy use are linked in multiple ways. Various household activities and appliances involve both resources. Particularly in developing countries, households commonly apply energy-intensive coping strategies to deal with unreliable water supply. To understand the water-energy nexus at the private household level, here we introduce the concept of water-energy services (WES). We analyze household water and energy demand with a conceptual economic framework based on a household production model, and illustrate examples of the demand-side linkages with an empirical case study in India using an existing household-level dataset ([Formula: see text]). We conclude that household demand for one nexus resource depends not only on its own specific price, but also on the price for the other nexus resource as well as the opportunity cost of time, household income and income structure, other household characteristics, and production conditions for WES. Therefore, water and energy management should not be considered in isolation at the policy-making level. The economic framework developed here can serve as a conceptual basis and motivation for the empirical studies for developing sustainable water and energy management strategies.
A Study on the Utilizing of Durational and Spectral Cues in the Perception of English /I-i:/ Contrast by Chinese Learners
Authors: Pei Yuhang , Gong Jian
Published: July 2024

English vowels /I/ and /i:/ are different in both durational and spectral dimensions. To investigate Chinese listeners’ perceptual sensitivity to durational and spectral cues for the English /I-i:/ contrast, and the effect of their L2 proficiency, two groups of native Chinese listeners with different English levels participated in the current study. A word recognition test with naturally produced /I-i:/ tokens was used to examine listeners’ English levels. Four categorical perception (CP) tests with synthesized /I-i:/ continua were carried out to investigate listeners’ ability to utilize durational and spectral cues in English /I/-/i:/ perception. The results showed the high English proficiency (HEP) group in the spectral dimension demonstrated a more categorical-like perception pattern, suggesting it had a better ability to utilize spectral cues for English /I/ and /i:/ identification. Besides, the HEP group had a tendency to rely less on durational cues, which indicated that listeners’ cue-weighting strategies were influenced by their English levels.
Persistent Path Homology for Quantitative Analysis of Carboranes
Authors: Wang Bingxu , Zhang Mingzheng , Pan Feng
Published: July 2024

Persistent path homology represents an advanced mathematical approach explicitly tailored for directed systems. With its remarkable ability to characterize unbalanced or asymmetrical relationships within data, this method demonstrates great promise in qualitative analysis of the intrinsic topological features present in materials and molecules. In this work, we introduce persistent path homology at the first time for carborane analysis. Intrinsic path topological features are used to predict the stability of closo-carboranes. We qualitatively explain the connection between path topological features and properties on o-C2B[Formula: see text]H[Formula: see text], m-C2B[Formula: see text]H[Formula: see text] and p-C2B[Formula: see text]H[Formula: see text]. The correlation coefficients between linear predictions based on persistent path homology and thermodynamic stability are higher than 0.95, and that for chemical stability are about 0.85. While the correlation coefficients based on nonlinear models are increased to 0.99 and 0.95, respectively. These results indicate that persistent path homology shows excellent capabilities in structural and stability analysis of multi-element cluster physics.
Recent Advances in Bio-Based Concrete Materials: A Critical In-Depth Review
Authors: Manoharan Abirami , Raja Rajapriya , Sharma Himanshu , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: July 2024

With the growth of the construction industry, the role and importance of sustainable construction practices are also increasing. This study reviews the various advancements in the field of bio-based construction materials, including bio-aggregates, bio-binders, and bio-bricks. The origins of our centuries-old construction methods can be found in bio-based concrete materials, which have been revived and modernized to meet the needs of present-day construction. The integration of recovered construction and agricultural wastes plays a significant role in bringing these materials into the competitive building sector, aligning with sustainability goals. This study provides an in-depth examination of the processes and compositions required to achieve the desired strength and durability of bio-based materials. By comprehensively analyzing global research data, this study offers insights into the successful incorporation of biomaterials, emphasizing their potential to reduce carbon emissions and promote the responsible utilization of natural raw materials. This pathway moving toward more sustainable construction practices underscores the environmental benefits of bio-based concrete materials.
Breaking the Barrier of 2 for the Competitiveness of Longest Queue Drop
Authors: Antoniadis Antonios , Englert Matthias , Matsakis Nicolaos , Veselý Pavel
Published: July 2024

We consider the problem of managing the buffer of a shared-memory switch that transmits packets of unit value. A shared-memory switch consists of an input port, a number of output ports, and a buffer with a specific capacity. In each time step, an arbitrary number of packets arrive at the input port, each packet designated for one output port. Each packet is added to the queue of the respective output port. If the total number of packets exceeds the capacity of the buffer, some packets have to be irrevocably evicted. At the end of each time step, each output port transmits a packet in its queue, and the goal is to maximize the number of transmitted packets.

The Longest Queue Drop (
LQD
) online algorithm accepts any arriving packet to the buffer. However, if this results in the buffer exceeding its memory capacity, then
LQD
drops a packet from whichever queue is currently the longest, breaking ties arbitrarily. The
LQD
algorithm was first introduced in 1991, and has been known to be

\(2\)

-competitive since 2001. Although
LQD
remains the best known online algorithm for the problem and is of practical interest, determining its true competitiveness is a long-standing open problem. We show that
LQD
is 1.6918-competitive, establishing the first

\((2-\varepsilon)\)

upper bound for the competitive ratio of
LQD
for a constant

\(\varepsilon{\,\gt\,}0\)

.
Immune Dysfunction in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Gangadin S.S. , Enthoven A.D. , van Beveren N.J.M. , Laman J.D. , Sommer I.E.C.
Published: July 2024

Evidence from epidemiological, clinical, and biological research resulted in the immune hypothesis: the hypothesis that immune system dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). The promising implication of this hypothesis is the potential to use existing immunomodulatory treatment for innovative interventions for SSD. Here, we provide a selective historical review of important discoveries that have shaped our understanding of immune dysfunction in SSD. We first explain the basic principles of immune dysfunction, after which we travel more than a century back in time. Starting our journey with neurosyphilis-associated psychosis in the nineteenth century, we continue by evaluating the role of infections and autoimmunity in SSD and findings from assessment of immune function using new techniques, such as cytokine levels, microglia density, neuroimaging, and gene expression. Drawing from these findings, we discuss anti-inflammatory interventions for SSD, and we conclude with a look into the future.
Electrochemical Measurements of the In(III) Ions Electroreduction; the Influence of Mixed Adsorption Layers ACT-CTAB and ACT-SDS
Authors: Martyna Marlena , Nosal-Wiercińska Agnieszka , Yagmur-Kabas Sultan
Published: July 2024

Using voltammetric and impedance methods, the effects of mixed adsorption layers ACT-CTAB and ACT-SDS on the kinetics and mechanism of In(III) ions electroreduction were investigated. Acetazolamide (ACT) was shown to catalyse the course of the electrode reaction (according to the cap-pair rule). The multi-step nature of the In(III) ions electroreduction process in each of the systems studied in the chemical step of formation of the active In(III) - ACT complexes in the adsorption layer playing an important role is demonstrated. The presence of the cationic surfactant CTAB increases the dynamics of acceleration of the In(III) ion electroreduction process by ACT, while the presence of the anionic surfactant SDS inhibits this reaction.
Design and Simulation of Bi-Layer Optimized High K- Dielectric Medium for N-Mosfet with Wild Horse Optimization to Improve Electrical Characteristics
Authors: Pavithra Guru R.
Published: July 2024

Electronic devices for advanced modern semiconductor based technology, mainly focus on the design regarding lighter, faster and more affordable solutions to meet the specifications of modern digital electronics. Some of the drawbacks for minimizing device size in MOSFET include gate insulator scaling, Short-Channel Effects (SCEs), shallow junction technology and off-state leakage current in MOSFET devices. In addition, the traditional SiO2 as a dielectric material contains restricted maximum capacitance as well as increased tunnel current leakage due to the thickness. Hence, a High-k dielectric is required to replace SiO2 to overcome the mentioned issues. In this model, the N-type MOSFET is designed based on the bi-layer high K-dielectric medium with optimized thickness according to the maximum capacitance and minimum threshold voltage, which are implemented on VLSI based applications such as 6 T SRAM for evaluating the performance. The drain current of HfO2, Al2O3 and HfO2+Si3N4 for 2.5 v drain voltage are 1.87 mA, 1.51 mA and 3.54 mA. Then, the read and write delay of the single and bi-layer MOSFET are 70.84 ps, 82.64 ps, 95.21 ps and 10.24 ps, 15.47 ps, 21.74 ps. Thus, the designed and simulated bi-layer optimized high k- dielectric medium for N-MOSFET with wild horse optimization performs better electrical characteristics than the single layer dielectric medium MOSFET.
Convenient and Accurate Detection of Dopamine and Glucose by Modifying Carbon Fiber Electrodes
Authors: Han Fengjin , Zhang Xiaoyan , Li Zijin , Sun Haowei , Yuan Hua , Huang Xiaoyu
Published: July 2024

Fast, sensitive, and low-cost high-performance detectors have gradually become an indispensable tool for people to keep healthy, and sensors are the key devices of detection equipment. In this work, a ZnO nanocrystal modified carbon fiber electrode was prepared using a hydrothermal method, and on this basis, a galvanostatic point deposition method was used to load copper nanoparticles to prepare a sensor electrode. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to comprehensively analyze composition, morphology, and environmental adaptability of the prepared electrodes. The DPV test was used to verify the enhanced effect of ZnO nanorods on neurotransmitter detection. The ZnO/CF showed an obvious electrical signal (0.22 V, 4 × 10−5A) in the detection of dopamine (DA) solution, and the Cu-NPs/ZnO/CF also showed excellent detection results in the glucose detection experiment., providing two excellent examples for the development of low-cost electrochemical sensors. The electrodes can specifically detect DA in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid, and the detection limit of the electrode for detecting DA is about 0.4 μM. In addition, the Cu-NPs/ZnO/CF electrode successfully realized the enzyme-free detection of glucose, and the detection limit could reach 0.5 μM.
Cenosphere‐Based 177Lu‐Aluminosilicate Microspheres as a Theranostic β‐Emitter for Selective Internal Radiation Therapy of Hepatic Tumors
Authors: Vereshchagina Tatiana A. , Kutikhina Ekaterina A. , Ushakov Ivan A. , Zukau Valery V. , Nesterov Evgeniy A. , Anshits Alexander G.
Published: July 2024

The narrow fraction of the cenospheres of coal fly ash (30−50 μm; glass phase ∼ 90 wt. %) was used for the preparation of β‐emitting 177Lu‐bearing aluminosilicate microspheres. Two methods of chemical modification to encapsulate 177Lu3+ in the cenosphere’s aluminosilicate matrix were used, such as the formation of (i) microporous or (ii) meso/macroporous structure in the cenosphere shell followed by 175+176Lu3+ sorption. Conversion of Lu‐loaded microspheres into poorly soluble forms was performed via the thermal treatment at 900–1200°C and then 176Lu was transformed to 177Lu by neutron activation procedure in a nuclear reactor. The 176Lu‐bearing products were studied by PXRD, SEM, and EDX spectroscopy methods. It was established that the acid treatment of cenospheres resulting in a meso/macroporous structure in the cenosphere shell is the optimal nondestructive method to produce a microsphere precursor for Lu incorporation. The neutron activation of 176Lu‐bearing microspheres resulted in 177Lu‐microspheres that provide the specific radioactivity of 4.5 GBq/100 mg. The Lu leaching rate from 177Lu‐microspheres in a blood simulator determined according to the State Standard (GOST) R 52126‐2003 was about 10−6−10−7 g/cm2⋅day.
Physicochemical Property Analyses of Deep‐Frozen Kimchi Cabbage during Long‐Term Storage
Authors: Park Dong Hyeon , Kim MinJi , Lee Min Jung , Park Sung Jin , Choi Ji-Young , Choi Mi-Jung , Park Sung Hee
Published: July 2024

Temperature control is critical to prevent overfermentation during the storage, distribution, and export of kimchi. Studies to optimize the freezing conditions for kimchi are lacking. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the optimum freezing and storage temperature for kimchi during long‐term storage. Kimchi was frozen at −18°C, −40°C, and −80°C for 4 months, followed by thawing at 2°C until the core temperature reached 0°C. Thawing loss was maximum for samples frozen at −18°C, with increased cell membrane disruption, thus considerably decreasing the hardness. Compared to kimchi stored at −18°C, those frozen at −40°C and −80°C resisted the changes in pH, titratable acidity, reducing sugar content, antioxidant activity, and total phenol content. However, the total aerobic count and total lactic acid bacteria values of samples frozen at −18°C sharply decreased among treatments. Therefore, freezing at freezer temperature, particularly −80°C is ideal to maintain the kimchi quality for long‐term storage.
Efficient Solution of Transient Electromagnetic Scattering Using ACA‐SVD‐Enhanced FDDM Method
Authors: Wang Qiong , Ding Ji , Wang Jun
Published: July 2024

A finite difference delay modeling (FDDM) method accelerated by adaptive cross approximation‐singular value decomposition (ACA‐SVD) is developed to solve time‐domain combined field integral equations for transient electromagnetic scattering. In the proposed method, the variable s in the Laplace domain is expressed as a difference function about z in the z‐transform domain to achieve the temporal discretization, thus improving the stability of the solution. And the method is purely algebraic and does not depend on the Green’s function. It takes advantage of the rank‐deficient nature of the impedance submatrix blocks in the FDDM to reduce the memory requirement and the computational cost. The rank‐deficient submatrix blocks can reach the maximum compression level through the ACA‐SVD. Numerical results about the electromagnetic scattering from perfect electric conducting objects are given to verify the validity and efficiency of the proposed method.
Thermodynamic Analysis of a Continuous Vacuum Pan in the Crystallization Process of Sugar Beet Syrup
Authors: Piri Ahmad , Fanaei Adel Rezvanivand , Rostampour Vahid
Published: July 2024

Due to the limitations of fossil resources, it is momentous to accurately assess the high‐energy consumption systems that could be used to improve the performance of these systems. The crystallization process directly affects particle size, purity, and product yield in the sugar industry. In this study, a continuous vacuum pan in the crystallization line, located in the Urmia sugar plant, was evaluated by energy and exergy analyses and compared with syrup concentration line evaporators. Mass, energy, and exergy balances were conducted via coding in EES software, and energetic and exergetic functional parameters were obtained. The system’s heat loss and exergy destruction were calculated at 33.40 and 255.93 kW, respectively. The improvement potential was 114.70 kW, the sustainability index was 2.24, and the exergy efficiency of the vacuum pan was 58.46%, which indicates its poor performance compared to the evaporators of the concentration line. The vapor with energy and exergy of 12.66% and 18.44% of the total entering energy and exergy leaves the vacuum pan without any use and is considered a system loss. Therefore, as a solution, a thermocompressor is proposed as a solution to recompress the vapor and reduce the production costs and environmental impacts of the process in the Urmia sugar plant.
Recent Advances in the Use of Cubosomes as Drug Carriers with Special Emphasis on Topical Applications
Authors: Nath A. Gowri , Dubey Prashant , Kumar Ankaj , Vaiphei Klaudi K. , Rosenholm Jessica M. , Bansal Kuldeep K. , Gulbake Arvind
Published: July 2024

Topical drug delivery employing drug nanocarriers has shown prominent results in treating topical ailments, especially those confined to the skin and eyes. Conventional topical formulations persist with drug and disease‐related challenges during treatment. Various nanotechnology‐driven approaches have been adopted to mitigate the issues associated with conventional formulations. Among these, cubosomes have shown potential applications owing to their liquid crystalline structure, which aids in bioadhesion, retention, sustained release, and loading hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties. The phase transition behavior of glyceryl monooleate, the concentration of stabilizers, and critical packing parameters are crucial parameters that affect the formation of cubosomes. Microfluidics‐based approaches constitute a recent advance in technologies for generating stable cubosomes. This review covers the recent topical applications of cubosomes for treating skin (psoriasis, skin cancer, cutaneous candidiasis, acne, and alopecia) and eye (fungal keratitis, glaucoma, conjunctivitis, and uveitis) diseases. The article summarizes the manufacturing and biological challenges (skin and ocular barriers) that must be considered and encountered for successful clinical outcomes. The patented products are successful examples of technological advancements within cosmeceuticals that support various topical applications with cubosomes in the pharmaceutical field.
A Case of Myxedema Coma and Adrenal Insufficiency Post Pembrolizumab
Authors: El Alam Andrew , Fleifel Mohamad , El Masri Dana , Nassani Bertha Maria , Abou Chaaya Jessica , Minkailou Mahamadou , Barbat Mariana , Monier Arnaud
Published: July 2024

Background. Despite their important clinical benefits, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are associated with a spectrum of side effects known as immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). These can be of various organ system backgrounds, including dermatologic, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and endocrine. Polyglandular endocrinopathies (PLEs) post‐ICIs therapy has been reported in the literature; however, to our knowledge, only a few have been documented with pembrolizumab. Case Report. We present a case of a female patient who developed myxedema coma (MC) and adrenal insufficiency (AI) after 4 months of stopping pembrolizumab, a programed‐cell death‐1 inhibitor. The patient was clinically symptomatic and was subsequently treated with levothyroxine and hydrocortisone. Discussion. It is very important to be vigilant and alert in detecting MC and AI to avoid any mortality. Pembrolizumab’s effect on inducing antitumor responses leads to a wide variety of multiorgan alterations. Its role in raising the risk of all‐grade endocrine disorders has been previously highlighted along with thyroidal dysfunctions. Our patient’s presentation falls within the literature‐based median time for hypothyroidism and AI with respect to the period from the initiation of pembrolizumab. The patient’s predisposition to hypothyroidism and the likelihood of intertwined manifestations of AI and hypothyroidism should always be considered in the setting of critical illness. Conclusion. It is of high significance to explore the mechanism of action of ICIs and their side effects. PLEs can house some endocrinologic emergencies that are life threatening.
Impact of Reducing Waiting Time in Solar Water Heating Systems by Installing Instantaneous Water Heaters in Commercial Premises
Authors: Opemo Jivance , Ngoo Livingstone , Kawira Millien
Published: July 2024

The use of solar water heating systems (SWHSs) has grown as an alternative source of energy to heat water. In Kenya, commercial premises are required to install these systems to conserve energy and the environment; however, after the SWHS has been designed and installed according to the relevant standard, post‐installation factors significantly influence its performance. In this study, the impact of user behavior and waiting time for hot water on the performance of SWHS is investigated using experimental tests and analysis. In the operations of SWHS, water that cools off in the piping system during idle time must be flushed before hot water is supplied, and generally, the cold water goes to waste. This wastage increases the water demand, the amount of liquid waste for disposal, the cost of recycling, and the energy demand for pumping the water. The proposed system involves installing instantaneous water heaters controlled by a fuzzy logic controller in an SWHS to heat water during waiting time and reduce energy and water wastage associated with waiting time and user behavior. The study was carried out in 15 hotels in Kenya. It was observed that installing instantaneous water heaters in an SWHS reduces the waiting time for hot water by 96.90%, saving 14.4 liters of cold water while the user behavior losses were reduced resulting in a saving of 54.6 liters of hot water. The energy savings associated with pumping water was 0.025 kWh per hotel room on average. From these savings, the running cost was reduced by 80.6%. With this hybrid system, an additional 0.117 kWh of energy was consumed by the 4.8 kW instantaneous heater to heat water during waiting time. From these findings, it’s feasible to effectively reduce waiting time, reduce water wastage, and mitigate user behavior losses in hotels by incorporating instantaneous water heaters in SWHS.
CSF1R Inhibition in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors or Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor: A Phase I Study of Vimseltinib
Authors: Gelderblom Hans , Razak Albiruni A. , Taylor Matthew H. , Bauer Todd M. , Wilky Breelyn , Martin-Broto Javier , Gonzalez Alejandro F. , Rutkowski Piotr , Szostakowski Bartlomiej , Alcindor Thierry , Saleh Ramy , Genta Sofia , Stacchiotti Silvia , van de Sande Michiel , Wagner Andrew J. , Bernthal Nicholas , Davis Lara E. , Vuky Jacqueline , Tait Christopher , Matin Bahar , Narasimhan Supraja , Sharma Maitreyi G. , Ruiz-Soto Rodrigo , Sherman Matthew L. , Tap William D.
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

Tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) is a locally aggressive neoplasm caused by dysregulation of the colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) gene and overexpression of the CSF1 ligand. Surgery is the standard of care for most patients, but there are limited treatment options for patients with TGCT not amenable to surgery. This study evaluates vimseltinib, an investigational, oral, switch-control tyrosine kinase inhibitor designed to selectively and potently inhibit the CSF1 receptor.

Patients and Methods:

This first-in-human, multicenter, open-label phase I/II study of vimseltinib in patients with malignant solid tumors (N = 37) or TGCT not amenable to surgery (N = 32) followed a pharmacologically guided 3 + 3 study design (NCT03069469). The primary objectives were to assess safety and tolerability, determine the recommended phase II dose, and characterize the pharmacokinetics; exploratory objectives included pharmacodynamics and efficacy.

Results:

Vimseltinib was well tolerated; the majority of non-laboratory treatment-emergent adverse events were of grade 1/2 severity. There was no evidence of cholestatic hepatotoxicity or drug-induced liver injury. The recommended phase II dose was determined to be 30 mg twice weekly (no loading dose), and vimseltinib plasma exposure increased with the dose. In patients with TGCT, the median treatment duration was 25.1 months (range, 0.7–46.9), and the objective response rate as assessed by independent radiological review using RECIST version 1.1 was 72%.

Conclusions:

Vimseltinib demonstrated long-term tolerability, manageable safety, dose-dependent exposure, and robust antitumor activity in patients with TGCT not amenable to surgery.
Eftilagimod Alpha (Soluble LAG3 Protein) Combined with Pembrolizumab as Second-Line Therapy for Patients with Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Forster Martin , Brana Irene , Pousa Antonio L. , Doger Bernard , Roxburgh Patricia , Bajaj Pawan , Peguero Julio , Krebs Matthew , Carcereny Enric , Patel Grisma , Mueller Christian , Brignone Chrystelle , Triebel Frederic
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

Eftilagimod alpha (efti), a soluble LAG3 protein, activates antigen-presenting cells (APC) and downstream T cells. TACTI-002 (part C) evaluated whether combining efti with pembrolizumab led to strong antitumor responses in patients with second-line recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) while demonstrating good tolerability.

Patients and Methods:

In this multinational phase II trial using Simon’s two-stage design, patients who were PD-L(1)-naïve with R/M HNSCC who had failed first-line platinum-based therapy, unselected for PD-L1, received intravenous pembrolizumab (200 mg, once every 2 weeks) combined with subcutaneous efti (30 mg once every 2 weeks for 24 weeks and once every 3 weeks thereafter). The primary endpoint was objective response rate per RECIST 1.1 modified for immune-based therapy by investigator assessment. Additional endpoints included duration of response, progression-free survival, overall survival, and tolerability. Pharmacodynamic effects (absolute lymphocyte count) and Th1 cytokine biomarkers (IFNγ/CXCL10)] were evaluated in liquid biopsies.

Results:

Between March 2019 and January 2021, 39 patients were enrolled; 37 were evaluated for response. All patients received prior chemotherapy, and 40.5% were pretreated with cetuximab; 53.1% of patients had PD-L1 combined positive score <20. With a median follow-up of 38.8 months, the objective response rate was 29.7%, including 13.5% complete responders. The median duration of response was not reached. Rapid and sustained absolute lymphocyte count increase was observed in patients who had an objective response. Th1 biomarkers increased sustainably after first treatment. No unexpected safety signals were observed.

Conclusions:

Efti plus pembrolizumab was safe and showed encouraging antitumor activity and pharmacodynamic effects in patients with second-line head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), thus supporting further evaluation of this combination in earlier treatment lines.
Supplementary Data from The Tumor Microbiome Reacts to Hypoxia and Can Influence Response to Radiation Treatment in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Benej Martin , Hoyd Rebecca , Kreamer McKenzie , Wheeler Caroline E. , Grencewicz Dennis J. , Choueiry Fouad , Chan Carlos H.F. , Zakharia Yousef , Ma Qin , Dodd Rebecca D. , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Hardikar Sheetal , Churchman Michelle L. , Tarhini Ahmad A. , Robinson Lary A. , Singer Eric A. , Ikeguchi Alexandra P. , McCarter Martin D. , Tinoco Gabriel , Husain Marium , Jin Ning , Tan Aik C. , Osman Afaf E.G. , Eljilany Islam , Riedlinger Gregory , Schneider Bryan P. , Benejova Katarina , Kery Martin , Papandreou Ioanna , Zhu Jiangjiang , Denko Nicholas , Spakowicz Daniel
Published: July 2024

Differences in the immune cell populations, estimated by RNAseq, within high and low hypoxia mouse tumors, combining the nude and BALB/c mice.
Supplementary Data from The Tumor Microbiome Reacts to Hypoxia and Can Influence Response to Radiation Treatment in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Benej Martin , Hoyd Rebecca , Kreamer McKenzie , Wheeler Caroline E. , Grencewicz Dennis J. , Choueiry Fouad , Chan Carlos H.F. , Zakharia Yousef , Ma Qin , Dodd Rebecca D. , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Hardikar Sheetal , Churchman Michelle L. , Tarhini Ahmad A. , Robinson Lary A. , Singer Eric A. , Ikeguchi Alexandra P. , McCarter Martin D. , Tinoco Gabriel , Husain Marium , Jin Ning , Tan Aik C. , Osman Afaf E.G. , Eljilany Islam , Riedlinger Gregory , Schneider Bryan P. , Benejova Katarina , Kery Martin , Papandreou Ioanna , Zhu Jiangjiang , Denko Nicholas , Spakowicz Daniel
Published: July 2024

Differences in the immune cell populations, estimated by RNAseq, within high and low hypoxia mouse tumors, separated by mouse strain.
Supplementary Data from The Tumor Microbiome Reacts to Hypoxia and Can Influence Response to Radiation Treatment in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Benej Martin , Hoyd Rebecca , Kreamer McKenzie , Wheeler Caroline E. , Grencewicz Dennis J. , Choueiry Fouad , Chan Carlos H.F. , Zakharia Yousef , Ma Qin , Dodd Rebecca D. , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Hardikar Sheetal , Churchman Michelle L. , Tarhini Ahmad A. , Robinson Lary A. , Singer Eric A. , Ikeguchi Alexandra P. , McCarter Martin D. , Tinoco Gabriel , Husain Marium , Jin Ning , Tan Aik C. , Osman Afaf E.G. , Eljilany Islam , Riedlinger Gregory , Schneider Bryan P. , Benejova Katarina , Kery Martin , Papandreou Ioanna , Zhu Jiangjiang , Denko Nicholas , Spakowicz Daniel
Published: July 2024

Differences in the tumor microbes in low and high hypoxia mouse tumors.
Supplementary Data from The Tumor Microbiome Reacts to Hypoxia and Can Influence Response to Radiation Treatment in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Benej Martin , Hoyd Rebecca , Kreamer McKenzie , Wheeler Caroline E. , Grencewicz Dennis J. , Choueiry Fouad , Chan Carlos H.F. , Zakharia Yousef , Ma Qin , Dodd Rebecca D. , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Hardikar Sheetal , Churchman Michelle L. , Tarhini Ahmad A. , Robinson Lary A. , Singer Eric A. , Ikeguchi Alexandra P. , McCarter Martin D. , Tinoco Gabriel , Husain Marium , Jin Ning , Tan Aik C. , Osman Afaf E.G. , Eljilany Islam , Riedlinger Gregory , Schneider Bryan P. , Benejova Katarina , Kery Martin , Papandreou Ioanna , Zhu Jiangjiang , Denko Nicholas , Spakowicz Daniel
Published: July 2024

Selected log2 fold change results for microbes found to be significantly enriched in hypoxic tumors in both mice and human subjects.
Supplementary Data from The Tumor Microbiome Reacts to Hypoxia and Can Influence Response to Radiation Treatment in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Benej Martin , Hoyd Rebecca , Kreamer McKenzie , Wheeler Caroline E. , Grencewicz Dennis J. , Choueiry Fouad , Chan Carlos H.F. , Zakharia Yousef , Ma Qin , Dodd Rebecca D. , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Hardikar Sheetal , Churchman Michelle L. , Tarhini Ahmad A. , Robinson Lary A. , Singer Eric A. , Ikeguchi Alexandra P. , McCarter Martin D. , Tinoco Gabriel , Husain Marium , Jin Ning , Tan Aik C. , Osman Afaf E.G. , Eljilany Islam , Riedlinger Gregory , Schneider Bryan P. , Benejova Katarina , Kery Martin , Papandreou Ioanna , Zhu Jiangjiang , Denko Nicholas , Spakowicz Daniel
Published: July 2024

Correlations between tumor microbes enriched in hypoxic tumors in both mice and humans and deconvolved immune cell abundances.
Supplemental Figure S4 from The Tumor Microbiome Reacts to Hypoxia and Can Influence Response to Radiation Treatment in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Benej Martin , Hoyd Rebecca , Kreamer McKenzie , Wheeler Caroline E. , Grencewicz Dennis J. , Choueiry Fouad , Chan Carlos H.F. , Zakharia Yousef , Ma Qin , Dodd Rebecca D. , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Hardikar Sheetal , Churchman Michelle L. , Tarhini Ahmad A. , Robinson Lary A. , Singer Eric A. , Ikeguchi Alexandra P. , McCarter Martin D. , Tinoco Gabriel , Husain Marium , Jin Ning , Tan Aik C. , Osman Afaf E.G. , Eljilany Islam , Riedlinger Gregory , Schneider Bryan P. , Benejova Katarina , Kery Martin , Papandreou Ioanna , Zhu Jiangjiang , Denko Nicholas , Spakowicz Daniel
Published: July 2024

Boxplots showing the immune cell fractions for immune cells with significantly different expression in high and low hypoxia mouse samples at p-value <0.05. No differences remained significant after correction for multiple hypothesis testing.
Supplemental Figure S3 from The Tumor Microbiome Reacts to Hypoxia and Can Influence Response to Radiation Treatment in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Benej Martin , Hoyd Rebecca , Kreamer McKenzie , Wheeler Caroline E. , Grencewicz Dennis J. , Choueiry Fouad , Chan Carlos H.F. , Zakharia Yousef , Ma Qin , Dodd Rebecca D. , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Hardikar Sheetal , Churchman Michelle L. , Tarhini Ahmad A. , Robinson Lary A. , Singer Eric A. , Ikeguchi Alexandra P. , McCarter Martin D. , Tinoco Gabriel , Husain Marium , Jin Ning , Tan Aik C. , Osman Afaf E.G. , Eljilany Islam , Riedlinger Gregory , Schneider Bryan P. , Benejova Katarina , Kery Martin , Papandreou Ioanna , Zhu Jiangjiang , Denko Nicholas , Spakowicz Daniel
Published: July 2024

Boxplot comparing Fusobacterium counts in low and high hypoxia 16s samples.
Supplemental Figure S1 from The Tumor Microbiome Reacts to Hypoxia and Can Influence Response to Radiation Treatment in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Benej Martin , Hoyd Rebecca , Kreamer McKenzie , Wheeler Caroline E. , Grencewicz Dennis J. , Choueiry Fouad , Chan Carlos H.F. , Zakharia Yousef , Ma Qin , Dodd Rebecca D. , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Hardikar Sheetal , Churchman Michelle L. , Tarhini Ahmad A. , Robinson Lary A. , Singer Eric A. , Ikeguchi Alexandra P. , McCarter Martin D. , Tinoco Gabriel , Husain Marium , Jin Ning , Tan Aik C. , Osman Afaf E.G. , Eljilany Islam , Riedlinger Gregory , Schneider Bryan P. , Benejova Katarina , Kery Martin , Papandreou Ioanna , Zhu Jiangjiang , Denko Nicholas , Spakowicz Daniel
Published: July 2024

Hypoxia scores by stage (A) or sex (B) for the ORIEN radiation-treated cohort.