bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An open-label, multicenter study investigating RP3 oncolytic immunotherapy in combination with first- or second-line systemic atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma.
Authors: Kim Kevin , Saeed Anwaar , Sohal Davendra , Edeline Julien , Heo Jeong , Bhansali Aditya , Kumar Shaheen , Ungerechts Guy
Published: January 2024

TPS576

Background: Despite advances in treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), long-term survival rates remain poor. The combination of atezolizumab (Atezo) plus bevacizumab (Bev) is approved frontline therapy for advanced HCC, but a minority of patients (pts) respond and secondary resistance usually occurs within months. HCC has an immune-suppressed tumor microenvironment (TME), mediated by activated immune checkpoint signaling and angiogenesis pathways, which may contribute to therapeutic resistance. RP3 is a genetically modified herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) that expresses the fusogenic gibbon ape leukemia virus glycoprotein with the R sequence deleted (GALV-GP-R–), an anti–CTLA-4 antibody-like molecule, CD40 ligand, and 4-1BB ligand. The direct oncolytic effect coupled with immune stimulation by RP3 in the TME is intended to provide systemic antitumor activity and synergize with anti–PD-1/PD-L1 agents, such as Atezo. Preclinical data have demonstrated improved distribution of oncolytic HSV within tumors in combination with Bev, supporting the clinical combination of RP3 with Bev. This study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of RP3 combined with Atezo plus Bev as first- (1L) and second-line (2L) systemic therapies for unresectable and advanced HCC (NCT05733598). Methods: The 1L and 2L cohorts will each enroll up to 30 pts. Pts in the 1L cohort may not have received prior systemic treatment; pts in the 2L cohort must have progressed on or following 1 prior line of systemic therapy, which must have included a PD-1/PD-L1–directed agent. Key inclusion criteria include advanced unresectable HCC with ≥1 measurable tumor of ≥1 cm in longest diameter, Child-Pugh class A, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 1. Key exclusion criteria include untreated esophageal and/or gastric varices with bleeding or at high risk for bleeding and macroscopic invasion of the tumor into any major blood vessel(s) and/or main bile ducts. Pts with a history of medically refractory hepatic encephalopathy and/or hepato-renal syndrome are also excluded. Pts in the 1L cohort will receive Atezo 1200 mg and Bev 15 mg/kg every 3 weeks (Q3W) together with RP3 intratumorally Q3W for a total of up to 8 doses. Pts in the 2L cohort will receive RP3 every 2 weeks for 4 doses with Bev Q3W starting on cycle (C)1 day (D)1, then RP3 and Bev Q3W for up to 4 more doses with Atezo Q3W being added on C4D1. The primary endpoint is the overall response rate (ORR) by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1. Secondary endpoints are safety, ORR using HCC modified RECIST, duration of response, complete response rate, and progression-free survival. Clinical trial information: NCT05733598 .
Hindbrain boundaries as niches of neural progenitor and stem cells regulated by the extracellular matrix proteoglycan chondroitin sulphate
Authors: Hutchings Carmel , Nuriel Yarden , Lazar Daniel , Kohl Ayelet , Muir Elizabeth , Genin Olga , Cinnamon Yuval , Benyamini Hadar , Nevo Yuval , Sela-Donenfeld Dalit
Published: January 2024

The interplay between neural progenitors and stem cells (NPSCs), and their extracellular matrix (ECM) is a crucial regulatory mechanism that determines their behavior. Nonetheless, how the ECM dictates the state of NPSCs remains elusive. The hindbrain is valuable to examine this relationship, as cells in the ventricular surface of hindbrain boundaries (HBs), which arise between any two neighboring rhombomeres, express the NPSC marker Sox2, while being surrounded with the membrane-bound ECM molecule chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG), in chick and mouse embryos. CSPG expression was used to isolate HB Sox2+ cells for RNA-sequencing, revealing their distinguished molecular properties as typical NPSCs, which express known and newly identified genes relating to stem cells, cancer, the matrisome and cell cycle. In contrast, the CSPG− non-HB cells, displayed clear neural-differentiation transcriptome. To address whether CSPG is significant for hindbrain development, its expression was manipulated in vivo and in vitro. CSPG manipulations shifted the stem versus differentiation state of HB cells, evident by their behavior and altered gene expression. These results provide further understanding of the uniqueness of hindbrain boundaries as repetitive pools of NPSCs in-between the rapidly growing rhombomeres, which rely on their microenvironment to maintain their undifferentiated state during development.
Socio-cultural environment as a factor of differentiation in mathematicial reasoning
Authors: Tzouriadou Maria , Barbas George , Bonti Eleni
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT IS AVAILABLE IN THE PDF
The use of platelet-rich plasma injections in the treatment of meniscal injuries - review of the literature
Authors: Wiejak Katarzyna , Przyborowska Kinga , Łata Michał , Getka Beata , Kwiecień Justyna , Rukat Mateusz , Strojny Agnieszka
Published: January 2024

Introduction: In the knee joint are two menisci, which are fibrocartilaginous structures. The tears of the meniscus are one of the most common injuries within knee. Arthroscopy with suturing of torn or menisectomy are the most popular methods of treatment, however in long term observation menisectomy often results in osteoarthritis 10-20 years after surgery. For this reason, less invasive treatment methods are being sought, such as platelet-rich plasma injections. Platelet-rich plasma has many growth factors, which stimulates healing.
Objective: The aim of this study is to review latest the literature on the use of platelet-rich plasma injections in the patients with meniscus tears.
Material and methods: A literature review was conducted on databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar using the terms: ”meniscus”, “meniscus tear”, “platelet-rich plasma”, “platelet-rich plasma injections”, “meniscus injuries treatment’.
Conclusions: The injuries of meniscus are very common, and often must be treated by arthroscopy. Platelet-rich plasma has a positive impact on tissue healing. Platelet-rich plasma injuries in the patients with meniscal tears repair lead to improve healing rates compare with patients without PRP injections, but there is no guidelines and further studies are necessary.
Congenital CMV Infection: A Complex Case of Neurological Complications and Therapeutic Approaches in Infancy
Authors: Koziej Sylwia , Kowalczyk Emilia , Niemczuk Martyna , Jasiuk Adrianna , Wiekiera Mateusz
Published: January 2024

Introduction and purpose

Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection stands as the prevalent infection among newborns and it may be associated with later complications such as progressive sensorineural hearing loss or neurological diseases. Infection occurs during pregnancy or during childbirth. Congenital CMV infections manifest in various ways, ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe complications such as microcephaly, hepatosplenomegaly, and chorioretinitis. Routine antibody screenings for pregnant women are not common, underlining the significance of early infection detection to minimize the risks of transmission to the fetus and potential complications in the child.

The aim of this case report is to present the course of congenital CMV infection and its complication. This case report explores the challenges of managing an infant with congenital CMV infection complicated by hydrocephalus and viral co-infections. The infant underwent various treatments, including antiviral therapy, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary approaches.

Conclusion

 With no available vaccine, prevention of congenital CMV infection relies on educating reproductive-age women and expectant mothers about infection risks. Early detection, frequent medical check-ups, and preventive education are crucial due to the absence of vaccines. Ongoing exploration of antiviral treatments and prompt interventions is imperative to improve outcomes for infants and families affected by the virus.
Karakter Serial Animasi Astronomi Berbasis Edutainment Untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Ramadhani Nugrahardi , Annam Khoirul
Published: January 2024

Astronomy is one of the derivative subjects of science. The progress of astronomy and other sciences is closely related to the progress of a nation's science and technology. However, there are limitations such as the lack of learning facilities that support astronomy learning in schools. In addition, because the subject has many theories and terms, science is a subject that is difficult for students to like or master. Therefore, the animation medium was chosen to introduce astronomy material. To support animation design, it is necessary to design characters as a way of conveying astronomical information. Character design has an important role in conveying storylines and messages to the target audience. This design uses two research methods, namely qualitative and quantitative methods. For qualitative methods, competitor and comparator analysis, in-depth interviews, photo studies, and literature studies are used. As for the quantitative method, a research strategy was used in the form of distributing questionnaires to the target audience of elementary school students. The media output that will be designed is astronomy educational animation with an edutainment approach. The concept of the characters designed is social diversity in accordance with the motto of the Indonesian nation, Bhinneka Tunggal Ika.

Keyword - Animation, Education, Astronomy, Character Design, Elementary School
Using Nintendo's Game Builder Garage to Facilitate Hands-On Learning in Graduate Game Design Education
Authors: Glaser Noah
Published: January 2024

This activity is built around the hands-on use of Nintendo's (n.d.a) Game Builder Garage as a tool for teaching game design principles in an online, graduate-level course. Throughout the course, students use Game Builder Garage to design and create a fully functional game over four weeks, applying the course concepts to their projects, demonstrating their practical application of these principles, and receiving feedback. This activity details a four-week game jam implementation of game design theories and best practices using Game Builder Garage.
Welcoming Newcomers to Makerspaces
Authors: Smith Shannon M. , Shepherd Craig E. , Evans Maxine
Published: January 2024

This article provides several self-guided, simple, creative activities to help learners gain familiarity and create with maker tools. Activities center around four categories: low technology, paper circuitry, Sphero robotics, and Cricut cutting machines. Learners use maker resources to build animals, construct LED bracelets or lanterns, code sirens, design stickers, and more. Although the intended audience for this article was undergraduate preservice teachers, most activities have also been completed by students in grades 3-8. Because materials differ by activity, they are presented in each activity.
Exploring Geometry and Art through Tessellations
Authors: Erickson Alyssa
Published: January 2024

In this lesson, elementary school students explore geometric shapes and tessellations using a Cricut Maker 3. During Part 1 of the activity, students review geometric concepts of regular versus irregular polygons and lines of symmetry. This includes using shapes cut by the Cricut machine to determine which regular polygons form a tessellation when put together. Then students answer reflection questions. During Part 2, there is a discussion about how the artist MC Escher used different types of symmetry (e.g., translations, rotations, and reflections) to modify irregular shapes to create tessellations. In Part 3, students are given materials to prototype their own tessellation using regular and irregular shapes and at least one type of symmetry transformation.
Chinese Investments in Maritime Sectors of Oman and UAE
Authors: Akhter Muhammad Jawad
Published: January 2024

This paper reviews Chinese investments in the maritime sectors of Oman and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), focusing on the potential challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. The study highlights China’s increasing influence in the Middle East (ME) and Africa, with a focus on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the development of key ports and infrastructure projects at Duqm and Khalifa ports. It looks into the strategic importance of Oman and UAE as the key regional players and their relationship with China in the current global context. China’s expanding naval footprints in the Arabian Seas Region (ASR) pose potential challenges to US interests. China, however, has not pronounced any of its military objectives and has extensively but strategically invested in developing key infrastructure in littoral states to avail significant advantages. In the backdrop of the evolving dynamics of great power competition and maritime security in the Arabian Sea region, this study indicates towards possible ways in which the US, China and the regional states need to take and address the challenges posed to each of them. This may help them strengthen their partnerships and balancing their strategic interests in the region.
Being ‘a good mother’ in Türkiye: negotiating expert advice and intensive motherhood
Authors: Sadıkoğlu Zehra Zeynep , Erdoğan Coşkun Aynur
Published: January 2024

This study explores middle-SES Turkish women’s perceptions of being a good mother within a context-specific version of intensive motherhood and the intercessions of expert advice with their motherly subjectivities through a phenomenological approach. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with three groups of 12 mothers each with children aged 0–6, 7–12 and 13–18, a total of 36 women living in Istanbul. According to findings, middle-SES Turkish mothers, in line with expert advice, shift their prioritisation of the child’s secure attachment to supporting the child’s future chances through education as they grow older. Mothers’ agency out of these concerns is a culturally positioned resource that enables social mobility. However, with the experience of mothering, these concerns are negotiated in everyday life and mothering practices are reflexively (re)constructed in a logic in which the subjective wellbeing of the mother and the child are sought to be brought together. This study argues that these negotiations are tied to increasing experience in mothering and the availability of conflicting expert advice.
FSMN-Net: a free space matching network based on manifold convolution for optical molecular tomography
Authors: Li Shuangchen , Wang Beilei , Yu Jingjing , He Xuelei , Guo Hongbo , He Xiaowei
Published: January 2024

Optical molecular tomography (OMT) can monitor glioblastomas in small animals non-invasively. Although deep learning (DL) methods have made remarkable achievements in this field, improving its generalization against diverse reconstruction systems remains a formidable challenge. In this Letter, a free space matching network (FSMN-Net) was presented to overcome the parameter mismatch problem in different reconstruction systems. Specifically, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, manifold convolution operator was designed by considering the mathematical model of OMT as a space matching process. Based on the dynamic domain expansion concept, an end-to-end fully convolutional codec further integrates this operator to realize robust reconstruction with voxel-level accuracy. The results of numerical simulations and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the FSMN-Net can stably generate high-resolution reconstruction volumetric images under different reconstruction systems.
Effects of oxygen-prebreathing on tissue nitrogenation in normobaric and hyperbaric conditions
Authors: Ashworth Edward Tom , Ogawa Ryotaro , Vera David Robert , Lindholm Peter
Published: January 2024

Background

Breathing pure oxygen causes nitrogen washout from tissues, a method commonly deployed to prevent decompression sickness from hypobaric exposure. Theoretically prebreathing oxygen increases the capacity for nitrogen uptake and potentially limits supersaturation during dives of short duration. We aimed to use 13N2, a radioactive nitrogen isotope, to quantify tissue nitrogen following normobaric and hyperbaric exposures.

Methods

Twenty Sprague Dawley rats were divided in 4 conditions; normobaric prebreathe, normobaric control, hyperbaric prebreathe, hyperbaric control. Prebreathed rats breathed oxygen for 1 h prior to the experiment whilst controls breathed air. Normobaric rats breathed air containing 13N2 at 100 kPa for 30 min, whereas hyperbaric rats breathed 13N2 at 700 kPa before being decompressed and sedated using air-isoflurane (without 13N2 for a few minutes). After euthanization, blood, brain, liver, femur and thigh muscle were analyzed by gamma counting.

Results

At normobaria prebreathing oxygen resulted in higher absolute nitrogen counts in blood (p = .034), as well as higher normalized counts in both the liver and muscle (p = .034). However, following hyperbaric exposure no differences were observed between conditions for any organ (p>.344). Both bone and muscle showed higher normalized counts after hyperbaria compared to normobaria.

Conclusions

Oxygen prebreathing caused nitrogen elimination in normobaria that led to a larger “sink” and uptake of 13N2. The lack of difference between conditions in hyperbaria could be due to the duration and depth of the dive mitigating the effect of prebreathing. In the hyperbaric conditions the lower counts were likely due to off-gassing of nitrogen during the sedation procedure, suggest a few minutes was enough to off-gas in rodents. The higher normalized counts under hyperbaria in bone and muscle likely relate to these tissues being slower to on and off-gas nitrogen. Future experiments could include shorter dives and euthanization while breathing 13N2 to prevent off-gassing.
New occurrence of Cirolana capricornica (Isopoda: Cirolanidae) from Epinephelus chlorostigma in Suez Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Abdulmohsen Mohamad , Abdel-Mawla Heba I. , El-Lamie Maather M. , Kamel Marwa S. , Abdel-Raheem Sherief M. , El-Ghareeb Waleed Rizk , Meligy Ahmed. M. A. , Abouelhassan Eman M.
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim: The isopods of the Crustacea are noteworthy. All marine, fresh, and brackish waterways at all depths are home to aquatic organisms. This order also includes species that live on land. This study aimed to report a new occurrence of the isopod Cirolana capricornica on the operculum, mouth, and body cavities of Epinephilus chlorostigma in the Suez Governorate, Egypt.

Materials and Methods: With the help of fishermen, 50 live E. chlorostigma (Linnaeus, 1758) were randomly gathered along the Red Sea coast of the Suez Governorate during November and December 2019 for the current investigation. Isopods were isolated from the fish samples and captured using light and electron microscopy for morphological identification.

Results: Some fish were emaciated, and minute white isopods were attached externally to the skin near the gills and mouth cavity, and internally to the mouth cavity. No correlation was observed between body cavity attachment and gross lesions. The prevalence of infestation was 16%.

Conclusion: C. capricornica was identified using optical and electron microscopy to analyze the isopod specimens’ morphology. This scavenging isopod species is newly discovered in Egypt.

Keywords: Cirolanidae, clinical picture, Crustacea, Isopoda, prevalence.
The Ottoman Measures to Prevent Attacks on the Hejaz Railway, 1908-1911: The Ottoman Archives as a Source
Authors: Khalil Ahmed Asmahan Mastafa Tawfik
Published: January 2024

This study discusses the “Hamidiyah Hijazi Railway”, established by the Ottoman Empire to support Islamic politics worldwide. The importance of this study lies in its discussion, which focuses on a fragment of the glorious period of Islamic history that provided extraordinary services for Hajj pilgrims at that time. The Hijaz railway line was one of the most significant achievements of the Ottoman Empire and proved their intensive efforts in handling this matter as a religious matter. This study relies primarily on the Ottoman documents from 1908-1911, deposited in the Presidency of the Republic of Turkey Directorate of State Archives in Istanbul. This article focuses on the steps taken by the Ottoman Empire in securing the Hijaz railway from attacks by Bedouin tribes and maintaining its religious reputation concerning the safe journey of Hajj pilgrims via the railway. The author argues that the measures the Ottoman Empire took were ineffective in preventing these attacks. The Ottoman Empire secured the railway line by entrusting it to the sheikhs of the local tribes and holding celebrations for the development of the line. With this celebration, the Ottoman Empire wanted to show the importance of developing the Hijaz railway to unite Muslims under their flag and strengthen the Ummah movement in the spirit of Islamic unity in the confrontation with Western countries. [Studi ini membahas “Jalur Kereta Api Hamidiyah Hijaz”, yang dibangun Kesultanan Turki Uthmani untuk mendukung perpolitikan Islam di dunia. Pentingnya studi ini terletak pada pembahasannya yang berfokus pada satu penggal periode kejayaan sejarah Islam, yang memberikan layanan luar biasa untuk para jamaah haji pada masa itu. Jalur kereta api Hijaz ini dipandang sebagai salah satu capaian Islam yang paling signifikan dan menjadi bukti adanya upaya intensif Kesultanan Uthmaniyah dalam menangani urusan keagamaan ini. keuntungan. Studi ini terutama mengandalkan dokumen resmi Pemerintah Turki dari tahun 1908-1911, yang disimpan di Direktorat Arsip Kepresidenan Turki di Istanbul. Tulisan ini mengambil fokus pada langkah-langkah yang diambil Kesultanan Uthmaniyah dalam mengamankan di jalur kereta api Hijaz dari serangan suku-suku Badui dan menjaga reputasi keagamaannya terkait dengan keselamatan perjalanan jamaah haji melalui jalur kereta api. Penulis berargumentasi bahwa langkah-langkah yang diambil oleh Kesultanan Uthmaniyah tidak efektif dalam mencegah serangan-serangan tersebut. Kesultanan Uthmaniyah mengamankan jalur kereta api dengan mempercayakannya kepada para syaikh dari suku-suku lokal dan menyelenggarakan perayaan-perayaan atas pembangunan jalur kereta. Dengan perayaan ini, Kesultanan Uthmaniyah ingin menunjukkan pentingnya pembangunan jalur kereta api Hijaz dalam menyatukan umat Islam di bawah benderanya dan memperkuat gerakan ummat di bawah semangat kesatuan Islam dalam menghadapi negara-negara Barat.]
Civilized Global North versus rebellious Global South: a socio-semiotic analysis of media visual discourse
Authors: Bashir Rahat , Yasmin Musarat
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed the ideological, social, economic, and political aspects of life on planet Earth. This study examines the visuals associated with COVID-19 published in Pakistani English newspapers. Visual data were collected through purposive sampling, analyzed using social semiotic theory, and discussed through a post-colonial lens. The visual data were grouped as Global South and North owing to socioeconomic and political categorization among countries. The results show that the Pakistani media portrayed the Global South as rebellious, miserable, and noisy against the government. However, the Global North is depicted as civilized, stress-free, and abiding by all the instructions of the authority. Analysis shows that the two realms are visually represented as remarkably divergent from each other, and media portrayal has attached stereotypes identities to the nations. Pakistani media follows a basic restricted code of conduct, which should be extended to avoid labelling and politicizing groups and nations.
Análisis del sistema educativo del Perú y su impacto con la Transformación Digital
Authors: Vidal Noblecilla Jose Luis , Santisteban Quiroz Juan Piero , Ñahui Panllo Kuking
Published: January 2024

This research work presents a systematic review whose objective is to analyze the educational system of Peru and the impact it had with the Digital Transformation, the same one that was accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis carried out, and its subsequent result and discussion, fall on 3 important pillars that have been considered: online services, telecommunications infrastructure and human capital. Each of these pillars has been reviewed based on existing documentation, such as research papers, press releases, bills, ministerial resolutions, strategic solutions, among others. Likewise, these pillars have been analyzed in different periods of time so that we can show the changes they have experienced, for example, before and after the pandemic. The first results show us that access to quality education was reduced with tele-education during the pandemic, despite the fact that teacher participation in pedagogical training programs, especially related to Information and Communication Technologies, increased approximately by 50% compared to the last 4 years. Similarly, high-speed Internet access through the National Fiber Optic Dorsal Network did not have the expected results and, on the contrary, generated millionaire losses for the State for many years.
Investigación sobre método de predicción de fertilidad basado en aprendizaje automático
Authors: Mendoza Canales Aurón Eduardo
Published: January 2024

Fertility is the ability to conceive a being. This occurs when there is a fusion between the egg and the sperm, when there is a meeting in the fallopian tubes. In most cases, fertility is natural in men and women, but there are cases that are infertile, that is, not being able to procreate following natural methods. There are, however, other ways of conceiving as alternatives.
A fülzúgás csoportos kognitív viselkedésterápiás kezelése
Authors: Bencsik Beáta , Bokk Orsolya , Vajda Dóra , Szigeti F. Judit
Published: January 2024

Bevezetés és célkitűzés: A fülzúgás kezelési lehetőségei közül a
pszichoterápia a szakirodalom alapján is preferált eljárás. Ezek közül is a
kognitív viselkedésterápia rendelkezik a legnagyobb bizonyító erővel az
érintettek pszichés tüneteinek csökkentése szempontjából. Klinikánkon 2022
februárjában kezdtük a kognitív viselkedésterápia jellegű csoport-pszichoterápia
alkalmazását tinnitusban érintett egyéneknél. Módszerek: A
terápiás folyamat hét héten keresztül, heti egy alkalommal, másfél órában
zajlik. A beavatkozás hatásvizsgálata pre-poszt elrendezésben, önkitöltős
mérőskálákkal történik a következő pszichológiai konstruktumok mentén:
fülzúgással kapcsolatos életminőség, szorongás, depresszív tünetek képződése,
észlelt stressz. A tinnitus jellemzőinek rögzítése vizuális analóg skálákon is
megtörténik. Eredmények: A 29 főt számláló első pilotvizsgálat
eredményei szerint, miközben a tinnitus hangerejében és hangmagasságában a
résztvevők nem észleltek csökkenést, a tünet zavaró volta a csoportterápia
végére mindkét fülön szignifikánsan csökkent, és a fülzúgással összefüggő
életminőség szintén szignifikánsan javult. A résztvevők észlelt stressz-szintje,
szorongásos és depresszív panaszai szignifikánsan csökkentek.
Megbeszélés és következtetés: A Magyarországon újszerűnek
számító csoportos kognitív viselkedésterápia alkalmas lehet a tinnitusszal
együtt járó pszichés tünetek és észlelt panaszok lényeges mértékű csökkentésére.
Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(3): 89–97.
Comparative characteristic of the methods of certification of deformed microstructure of trabecular bone tissue
Authors:   Ural State Medical University, Gilev Mikhail ,   Russian Academy of Sciences, Zaitsev Dmitry ,   Ural Federal University,   Russian Academy of Sciences, Izmodenova Maria ,   Ural State Medical University, Kiseleva Darya ,   Russian Academy of Sciences, Silaev Valeriy ,   Institute of Geology, Komi Scientific Center
Published: January 2024

The article analyzes the data of microscopic studies of human trabecular bone tissue. Differences in the deformation behavior are due to the morphology of the organic and mineral components of the extracellular matrix at all structural levels of the hierarchical organization of bone tissue. The purpose of the work was to determine the most informative microscopic method for certifying the deformed microstructure of trabecular bone tissue in terms of the mechanism of its formation at the microlevel. Proceeding from the localization of the appearance of impression fractures, the bone tissue of the lateral condyle of the tibial bone was taken for examination. All samples were divided into two groups: basic (N = 20, 50.0%), in which each sample was subjected to uniaxial compression; the control group (N = 20, 50.0%) was intact to the methods of studying the deformation behavior. For the certification of osteoarchitecture, modern visualization methods are applied: raster electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. A detailed description is given of the deformation behavior of trabecular bone under uniaxial compression as the morphological substrate of impression defects. Photos of morphological changes during uniaxial compression are presented at the macroscopic, intermediate, and microscopic levels of organization of the extracellular matrix of bone tissue. It is established that trabecular bone tissue is a plastic material at all levels of the organization of the extracellular matrix. The morphological substrate of microfracture was determined at each structural level: macroscopic (100–200 μm) level – transverse, longitudinal, and fragmented trabeculae fractures; mesoscopic (10–50 μm) – interlamellar cracks observed in trabeculae; microscopic (5–10 μm) – the lamella is disorganized by collagen fibrils, the interfibrillar gaps are reduced, the hydroxyapatite crystals are disrupted and their bonds with collagen are destroyed. Each type of research complements data from other types of microscopy, none of them can completely replace the others.
Biomechanical model of bile flow in the biliary system
Authors: Kuchumov Alex
Published: January 2024

The biliary system function is to transport bile into the duodenum for the fat digestion. Metabolic disorders and choledynamics disturbances may cause the cholelithiasis. In Russia, the pathology of the biliary system ranks third in the patients number. The surgical treatment of cholelithiasis is the gallbladder removal (cholecystectomy). However, the percentage of postoperative complications is quite high. One of the reasons is the lack of objective methods: surgeons are not always able to evaluate the surgical intervention consequences. Nevertheless, there are very few works devoted to the numerical simulation of processes associated to a bile flow. There was no complete personalized model that could be used in medical practice to the date. This paper presents a new model of the bile flow in the biliary system. The proposed approach is that the biliary system is considered as a combination of the three parts (the gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts, and the major duodenal papilla). The Windkessel model was used to simulate the bile flow in the gallbladder. The bile flow in the extrahepatic bile ducts can be considered as a fluid–structure interaction flow. The bile flow in the major duodenal papilla was considered as a peristaltic transport in a finite-length tapered tube. A complex model of the biliary system allowed us to evaluate choledynamics in the healthy state, at pathology, as well as to carry out a numerical assessment of the bile flow after cholecystectomy to predict and prevent complications. The utilization of peristaltic flow modelling in the major duodenal papilla allowed us to determine the quantitative criteria for the occurrence of pathological reflux, which made it possible to ensure its prevention. The model can also be used to analyze surgical interventions in the treatment of cholelithiasis and its complications (stenting, anterior abdominal wall suturing). For example, the mathematical model of the installation of a stent with shape memory reduces the number of complications (soft tissue perforation). The numerical model of the accumulation of particles on the surface of the plastic stent made it possible to predict the replacement period for a particular patient and to improve the quality of his life. The biomechanical analysis of the use of suture materials allowed us to provide a differentiated approach to suture materials and to reduce the number of specific postoperative complications. It is shown that the developed model can be used to create a software to support decision-making when performing cholelithiasis treatment to prevent complications.
Kinetic equations of trabecular bone tissue remodelling in Ilyushin's space
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Tverier Victor
Published: January 2024

In the 19th century, Wolff noted that the bone of a healthy person or animal adapts to the stresses to which it is subjected. It is known that in the trabecular bone tissue, the adaptation mechanism is implemented through the alignment of trabeculae (bone beams) along the lines of action of the principal stresses. When the trabecular tissue reaches the optimal structure for a specific load in the local area, the bone goes into a state of equilibrium (homeostasis). In his works, Cowin proposed to describe the position of trabeculae at each moment in time by the principal directions of the fabric tensor, which are sought from the solution of the system of kinetic equations proposed by him for each component of this tensor. Unfortunately at present, it is impossible to experimentally trace the evolution of the tensor of the structure in vivo, that is, to get the opportunity to estimate the values of the constants of the kinetic equations. The paper proposes a kinetic equation constructed in the Ilyushin's deviator space directly reflecting the law of Wolff. The equation has one material constant. The kinetic equation is consistent with the Cowin's constitutive equation, which allowed us to determine not only the vector, but also the scalar properties of the fabric tensor. The verification of the proposed equations using the example of structure remodelling for the problem of uniform compression showed good accuracy.
Assessment of the validity and reliability of the questionnaire of the motivational climate of physical activity in the aspect of the theory of self-determination
Authors:   Henan Normal University, Henan, China, Zhong Tao
Published: January 2024

The article presents the results of assessing the validity and reliability of the questionnaire of the motivational climate of physical activity, which was developed on the basis of the theory of self-determination by E. L. Deci and R. M. Ryan and identifies the role of the motivational climate aimed at supporting autonomy in the choice of physical activity among students. The questionnaire is an adaptation of the short form of the questionnaire on the motivational climate in healthcare (Health Care Climate Questionnaire). The study was conducted on a sample of the Hong Kong population and amounted to 407 people. All respondents were informed about the purpose of the study and filled out a questionnaire, which was conducted in the form of an online survey. The statistical analysis verified the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, as well as the invariance of measurements depending on gender and age. The factorial validity of the scale was confirmed. The nomological validity was confirmed by its association with a conceptually related construction. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the consolidated reliability indicator indicate that the questionnaire is sufficiently reliable. The invariance of the scale measurements was also found depending on gender and age. The results of the study indicate that the questionnaire has adequate psychometric characteristics to measure the perception of a motivational climate that supports autonomy in the context of physical activity. The data can be used in future research as valid and reliable tools.
Importancia de los antibióticos en odontología
Authors:   Universidad de Guayaquil, Mazacòn Guapulema Ibeth Johana , Barzallo Castro Nuvia Geannina , Oquendo Silva Roberto ,   Universidad de Guayaquil
Published: January 2024

Dos descubrimientos importantes señalaron el comienzo de una nueva era en la quimioterapia, y revolu-cionaron el tratamiento de las enfermedades infecciosas. El primero fue el descubrimiento en 1935 de los efectos curativos del colorante rojo de Prontosil en las infecciones por estreptococo. Este fue el precursor de las sulfonamidas. El segundo, fue el que dio inicio a la edad de oro de la antibioticoterapia, nos referimos al descubrimiento de la penicilina y su posterior desarrollo. Ésta fue descubierta por Fleming en 1929 y en 1940 Florey, Chain y colaboradores, demostraron y publicaron un informe acerca de su enorme potencia y la posibilidad de su extracción de los sobrenadantes del cultivo del hongo Penicillium notatum. El conocimiento actual sobre fisiología, metabolismo y genética bacteriana, así como los recursos disponibles sobre modela-ción e interacción de moléculas hace esperar que cada vez más los nuevos antimicrobianos sean sustancias puramente sintéticas con gran especificidad por un sitio de acción previamente elegido, y con capacidad de sortear los mecanismos de resistencia antibiótica. Este capítulo se concentrará en algunas generalidades de los antibióticos y luego en las principales características de los grupos de antibióticos más utilizados en la práctica clínica. No es nuestro objetivo sustituir los textos de farmacología, complemento imprescindible para el conocimiento del tema antibióticos (2). Son numerosas las afecciones que requieren tratamiento antimi-crobiano, que manifiestan procesos infecciosos de atención estomatológica, sin minimizar los procederes o estados sépticos atendidos por el facultativo que no requieren antibioticoterapia. Quisiéramos reconocer que el tratamiento preventivo constituye en nuestra especialidad un pilar fundamental en la prevención de infeccio-nes o complicaciones sépticas. Destacamos que la higiene bucal óptima, las buenas técnicas quirúrgicas y la evolución estrecha de un paciente pueden influir en el tratamiento exitoso, sin necesidad de utilizar terapia con antimicrobianos en múltiples situaciones. Recordaremos que el tratamiento con fármacos antimicrobianos no es el único fundamento terapéutico en las afecciones sépticas, sino que debe, al unísono, decidirse si se requiere tratamiento quirúrgico necesario, drenaje de abscesos o colecciones purulentas, medidas generales y locales (termoterapia y soluciones antisépticas), apoyo inmunológico y nutricional si fuese necesario.
Gestão do resíduo do açaí (Euterpe oleracea): mapeamento da produção científica de 2011 a 2021
Authors: Rosa Carla Lorena Sandim da , Silva Rodrigo Cândido Passos da , Camargo Plínio Barbosa de
Published: January 2024

A demanda comercial pelo açaí vem crescendo cada vez mais e sendo acompanhada pela ascendente geração de resíduo do açaí, seja pela agroindústria ou pela comercialização local nas cidades da Região Norte. O presente trabalho buscou investigar o estado da arte da produção científica do resíduo do caroço do açaí no horizonte de 10 anos. Para tal, foi empregado a bibliometria para o mapeamento e determinação de tendências das publicações relacionadas ao tema entre os anos de 2011 e 2021. Observou-se que a produção científica sobre o assunto é emergente e vem crescendo cada vez mais, possui presença de pesquisadores de diversos lugares do Brasil e de outros países e, além disso, o assunto vem sendo discutido em revistas bem avaliadas com diversos fatores de impacto na comunidade acadêmica, mostrando ser um tema bastante promissor e interessante para pesquisas futuras, justamente por estar alinhado às diretrizes para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Ademais, a análise permitiu a identificação de seis subáreas temáticas dos trabalhos publicados sobre o tema, a saber: fonte de energia renovável, remoção de poluentes, condicionador do solo, fonte de extrativo para indústrias, matéria-prima para construção civil e gestão ecoeficiente. O caroço do açaí pode ser reutilizado de diversas formas e vem chamando atenção da comunidade acadêmica nacional e internacional.
Práticas alimentares e mudanças climáticas: as potencialidades das hortas pedagógicas
Authors: Aguiar Denise Regina da Costa , Cirilo Delma Maria Correia , Resende Flavia Grecco , Dall’Agnol Marcia
Published: January 2024

Este estudo objetivou investigar as potencialidades de implementação de hortas pedagógicas para o desenvolvimento de Projetos Alimentares e ações para a redução da emissão de gases de efeito estufa. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa, com análise documental e revisão de artigos científicos. A implementação de horta pedagógica, em âmbitos formais e não formais, pode ser um caminho para mudanças socioambientais e para a construção de conhecimentos e atitudes mais conscientes da população para a preservação do meio ambiente. Concluiu-se que projetos de horta pedagógica são potentes na educação alimentar e na mitigação do descarte de resíduos sólidos ao meio ambiente e, consequentemente, na redução da emissão de gases de efeito estufa.
Manejo agroecológico e sustentável de hortas escolares
Authors: Russi Alessandra
Published: January 2024

Hortas escolares são um ambiente para aprendizagem de diversas temáticas como o cultivo agroecológico em contraposição à agricultura tradicional. Nessa perspectiva, diferentes ferramentas podem auxiliar no controle de pragas e doenças, minimizando danos nos cultivos e fornecendo alternativas ao uso de agroquímicos. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre diferentes estratégias para o manejo agroecológico de hortaliças em trabalhos que descrevessem práticas adotadas em hortas escolares, a fim de propor formas alternativas para o controle de artrópodes-praga e micro-organismos fitopatogênicos. A metodologia consistiu em uma revisão da literatura em materiais educativos e publicações científicas sobre o manejo ecológico e sustentável de hortas, bem como na elaboração de quadros para fins de análise e comparação. Os resultados demonstraram que existem muitas técnicas e recomendações destinadas à supressão de pragas e doenças com resultados promissores e que algumas dessas estratégias já vêm sendo adotadas em hortas escolares. Assim, a implementação de diferentes ferramentas agroecológicas pode contribuir para melhorar a quantidade e a qualidade das hortaliças produzidas em hortas escolares e, ao mesmo tempo, promover a conscientização ambiental e a valorização de conhecimentos tradicionais envolvidos na manutenção dessas hortas.
Spore measurements using ImageJ v1
Authors: Nguyen Nhu
Published: January 2024

Measurement of spore size and particles can be very tedious and time-consuming. This protocol leverages the particle analysis function in ImageJ to measure spores. It will be able to measure spore length, width, and area.
Boreal to temperate forests transition within Kunashir Island (the Kuril Archipelago): Insights from the novel vegetation map
Authors:   Botanical garden-institute FEB RAS, Korznikov Kirill A. ,   Institute of Botany CAS, Altman Jan ,   Institute of Botany CAS,   Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Belyaeva Nadezhda G. ,   Institute of Geography RAS, Dzizyurova Violetta D. ,   Botanical garden-institute FEB RAS,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Kislov Dmitriy E. ,   Botanical garden-institute FEB RAS, Linnik Elena V. ,   Kurilsky Nature Reserve, Petrenko Tatyana Ya. ,   Botanical garden-institute FEB RAS, Krestov Pavel V. ,   Botanical garden-institute FEB RAS
Published: January 2024

The vegetation of the Kuril Islands remains insufficiently explored due to their remote location and harsh environment. Understanding the factors that influence vegetation distribution in this extensive volcanic chain of islands, spanning over a thousand kilometers, is important for global biogeography. Our paper presents the first vegetation map of Kunashir Island from the Kuril archipelago, compiled using Sentinel-2 medium-resolution multispectral satellite imagery, incorporating original field research data and the Random Forest machine-learning algorithm. The temperate broad-leaved forests are mainly composed of Acer mono subsp. mayrii and Quercus mongolica, predominantly limited to the southwestern coast, and true-boreal dark-coniferous Abies sachalinensis–Picea jezoensis forests located in the northeast part of Kunashir. The vegetation distribution pattern is associated with the warming effect of the Soja current on the east coast of Kunashir Island and the cooling effect of the Kuril current on the west coast. Kunashir's vegetation displays features of an ecotone between temperate and boreal zones. Still, the boundary between these zones should be drawn within the island, rather than between Kunashir and Hokkaido or Kunashir and Iturup, as suggested in some previous biogeographic generalizations.
HRYHORII SKOVORODA AS A BIBLICAL HERMENEUT
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Tkachenko O. P.
Published: January 2024

Of all the creative hypostases of the outstanding Ukrainian philosopher – exactly the hypostasis of Skovoroda as the hermeneut is the most difficult one for understanding and ambiguous for evaluation. There is an attempt in the article to analyze the train of thoughts of Hrigorii Skovoroda in the direction of biblical hermeneutics, to describe the peculiarities of the methods of interpretation, to characterize the exegesis of biblical texts of Skovoroda. Skovoroda’s hermeneutics is considered in the article in broad and narrow contexts – in comparison with the principles of the biblical exegesis rooted in the patristic literature, and against the background of the Ukrainian biblical hermeneutics of the Baroque era. The impact on Skovoroda’s hermeneutic views of the interpreters of the Alexandrian school – Philo, Clement and Origen – is analyzed. The special attention is paid to the impact of Origen’s ideas on the hermeneutic avocations of the Ukrainian philosopher. The biblical hermeneuts of the Alexandrian school developed the doctrine of three senses of the Holy Scripture, leaning toward an allegorical interpretation of the biblical texts. The thought of Hryhorii Skovoroda has a movement in the same direction. As well as Origen, Skovoroda considers the literal understanding of the Bible not a reading variant (as required by canonical exegesis), but a false reading. Following Origen, Skovoroda ridicules and criticizes the literal perception of the Holy Scripture, adding to it a lot of sarcasm and sharp expressions. Allegorical reading of the Bible was characteristic for the Ukrainian hermeneutics of the Baroque era. With the inherent to Baroque love for transcendence, the Ukrainian hermeneuts found allegorical sense even in moral lessons and historical narratives. That is why Skovoroda’s hermeneutic studios were organic and logical against the background of the Ukrainian Baroque. However, Skovoroda’s categorical rejection of the literal sense of the Bible is a radical, unique and courageous approach based on the doctrine of the two natures of all things.