bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mathematical description of protein extraction from muscle tissue of hydrobionts and determination of the effective molecular diffusion coefficient
Authors: E. Kuprina Elena , A. Rogozina Elena , Valerevna Abramzon Valeria , Igorevich Demidov Pavel , Kiprushkina E.I. , Anatolievna Shestopalova Irina , Broyko Julia Vladimirovna , Markovich Shamtsyan Mark , Kolesnikov B.A.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this work is to obtain an array of experimental data, kinetic dependences of the protein extracting from the particles of dispersed muscle tissue of hydrobionts (Alaska pollack), its mathematical description, and to find the molecular diffusion coefficients of proteins in the system of equations using solving the inverse problem of the modeling. This work’s novelty is to study swelling and protein extraction from animal tissue and its mathematical description. This study has established that the diffusion of proteins from the muscle tissue of hydrobionts during stirring suspension (raw material-extractant) occurs at a significantly higher rate than diffusion from raw materials of plant origin. It indicates the contribution of a convective component to the swelling process and dissolution of particles due to intensive blending and easy differentiability of muscular tissue particles of hydrobionts. Based on the solution of the mathematical model, the molecular diffusion coefficient of proteins from raw materials of animal origin (muscle tissue of hydrobionts) (3÷8)×10−9 m2/s, which exceeds the diffusion coefficients of carbohydrates from raw materials of plant origin (e.g., sugar 0.3×10−9 m2/s) by more than an order of magnitude. Researchers can use the obtained molecular diffusion coefficient to calculate the parameters of the diffusion process of proteins during its extraction from dispersed particles of hydrobionts.
Experimental Design of Extractive Question-Answering Systems: Influence of Error Scores and Answer Length
Authors: Farea Amer , Emmert-Streib Frank
Published: May 2024

Question-answering (QA) systems are becoming more and more important because they enable human-computer communication in a natural language. In recent years, significant progress has been made with transformer-based models that leverage deep learning in combination with large amounts of text data. However, a significant challenge with QA systems lies in their complexity rooted in the ambiguity and flexibility of a natural language. This makes even their evaluation a formidable task. For this reason, in this study, we focus on the evaluation of extractive question-answering (EQA) systems by conducting a large-scale analysis of distilBERT using benchmark data provided by the Stanford Question Answering Dataset (SQuAD). Specifically, the main objectives of this paper are fourfold. First, we study the influence of the answer length on the performance and we demonstrate that there is an inverse correlation between both. Second, we study differences in exact match (EM) measures because there are different definitions commonly used in the literature. As a result, we find that despite the fact that all of those measures are named ”exact match” these measures are actually different from each other. Third, we study the practical relevance of these different definitions because due to the ambivalent meaning of ”exact match” in the literature, it is often unclear if reported improvements are genuine or only due to a change in the exact match measure. Importantly, our results show that differences between differently defined EM measures are in the same order of magnitude as reported differences found in the literature. This raises concerns about the robustness of reported results. Fourth, we provide guidelines to improve the experimental design of general EQA studies, aiming to enhance performance evaluation and minimize the potential for spurious results.
Embodied Memories, Retroactive Traces: Le Corbusier’s Travel Sketches in Le Modulor
Authors: Farantatos Panagiotis
Published: May 2024

This article explores the agency of the architectural travel sketch and considers its narrative and strategic value as a tool of remembering, distorting, and forgetting. Based upon original archival research, the paper focuses on annotated sketches that Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier (1887–1965) included in the 1950 book Le Modulor, in the chapter ‘Vérifications matérielles et coda’, mainly deriving from two journeys: the 1911 journey to the East and a 1948 visit to Turkey. The paper reconstitutes the background of this graphic material and explores how the resonance between the two journeys is creatively utilized in defense of the Modulor and how the reused sketches intervene in the revisited past, re-contextualizing it according to the strategic needs of the present. Exploring Le Corbusier’s method of sketching, editing, and redrawing, I argue that the references presented in the ‘Vérifications’ chapter retroactively construct ‘prefigurations’ of the Modulor system and lead to a synchronization of past and present. Finally, building upon concepts from memory studies, I discuss the travel sketch as an embodied-memory device, capturing the very act of the measuring and drawing hand, and providing a link to a corporeal experience that is constantly remolded and rewritten.
Exploring Types of Parent Attachment via the Clustering Modules of a New Free Statistical Software, ROP-R
Authors: Vargha András , Grezsa Ferenc
Published: May 2024

The aim of the paper is threefold: (1) to demonstrate the rich repertoire of clustering capabilities of a ROPstat and R-based new and free software, called ROP-R, by illustrating several analyses with real psychological data; (2) to show how well ROP-R works in tandem with ROPstat software in complex classification analyses; and (3) to explore some nontrivial types of parent attachment using the clustering modules of ROP-R. Four modules of ROP-R are available for performing cluster analyses (CAs), with several methods (e.g., divisive hierarchical CA, k-medoids CA, k-medians CA, model-based CA) not found in other user-friendly menu-driven software. In the paper, mother and father attachment data are used from a study with adolescents (Mirnics et al., 2021) to illustrate how the ROP-R software can be used to perform various CAs and evaluate the results using attractive graphs and useful tables. Comparing different clustering methods, it was found that both standard AHCA and k-means CA could discover a 7-type structure, which was also verified by the nonstandard k-medians CA. However, the nonstandard k-medoids CA and MBCA methods were not very effective in identifying a structure with an acceptable overall homogeneity. Nevertheless, they were able to identify some types through extremely homogeneous clusters.
Evaluating the benefits and outcomes of second ear surgeries in bilateral stapedectomies: a comprehensive analysis
Authors: K. Sheetal , R. Preethi , Abhilash B. A. , M. B. Divya
Published: May 2024

Background: Objectives of the study were to evaluate the anatomical abnormalities and benefits of second ear surgery in patients with bilateral otosclerosis undergoing stapedectomy.
Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was done in 43 patients undergoing bilateral stapedotomy in a tertiary care centre. Anatomical abnormalties presenting intraoperative were recorded in both operated ears. Hearing outcomes after the first and second ear surgeries were recorded. Chi square and paired t test was used to find the association between categorical and continuous variables between both groups. We correlated the post-operative air conduction (AC) averages, air bone gap (ABG) gain, AC gain between first and second operated ears.  
Results: Obliterative FP was the most common abnormality seen 7%, followed by facial nerve anamolies 5%. Bilateral variations were seen in 66% and 60% respectively. 66% required bilateral drill outs. After 1st ear and 2nd ear surgery 81% and 76% gained normal hearing. Average postop AC threshold was significantly higher after first ear surgery (p<0.001). ABG and AC gain had no significant difference in both ears. Binaural symmetrical hearing with inter aural difference AB<10 dB was achieved in 90% of patients.
Conclusions: It is worthwhile to recommend the patients to undergo contralateral ear surgery if the first ear had achieved normal or socially acceptable hearing, as the chances of achieving a comparable hearing outcome as that of 1st ear is high. Following 2nd ear surgery an effective binaural symmetric hearing can be achieved.
The extraordinary case of a welder: retrieval of foreign bodies via transcervical neck exploration
Authors: Datta Ginni , Sharma Shefali , Narang Sumit , Rao Naiya , Darbari Ishaan Hriday
Published: May 2024

Penetrating foreign bodies in the neck can be challenging to locate, especially given the complex anatomy of neck and edematous tissue planes following injury. These foreign entities require prompt surgical exploration for their removal because of risk of migration. Retrieval of foreign bodies relies upon their size and surrounding anatomical tissues. We are reporting an uncommon instance in which an iron chip accidentally penetrated patient's neck, producing acute hoarseness of voice and agony. The foreign body was removed via transcervical neck exploration.
Canal cholesteatoma: an alarming sequela of congenital aural atresia
Authors: Kapoor Dhruv , Soni Annanya , Arijit Jotdar  , Prakash Rudra , Singh Vibha , Sagar Manisha
Published: May 2024

Congenital aural atresia is an external ear malformation that may have diverse clinical presentations ranging from conductive hearing loss to the formation of canal cholesteatoma. Canal cholesteatoma, once developed can aggressively erode the bony boundaries of the middle ear cleft and lead to dangerous complications. Here we present the clinical outlook and surgical management of a child with congenital aural atresia with extensive canal cholesteatoma and complications. A twelve-year-old girl with congenital aural atresia and microtia of the right ear presented with right sided infra-auricular abscess with overlying skin ulceration. She also had right sided grade 4 facial paralysis. Pure tone audiometry revealed severe conductive hearing loss on the right side. In contrast, a high-resolution computed tomography scan showed extensive soft tissue on the right side completely destroying the posterior bony canal wall, with erosion of the sigmoid plate and the mastoid tip. We performed a right sided modified radical mastoidectomy and canal atresia repair along with the removal of the necrotic and infected tissues. The little girl recovered uneventfully with improved facial nerve function and without any sign of cholesteatoma recidivism. In congenital aural atresia, early surgical intervention is the key to prevent the formation of canal cholesteatoma and subsequent complications.
Expanding hematoma with facial nerve palsy: an unusual complication of mandibular fracture
Authors: Bajaj Neetu , Singh Shivam , Bhatnagar Shweta
Published: May 2024

The mandible is one of the most commonly fractured facial bones, along with the nasal and zygomatic bones. The most common cause of fracture is trauma, such as a motor vehicle accident, a physical altercation, an industrial accident, a fall, or a contact sport injury. Because of its position and the complex anatomy and environment surrounding it, the mandible is extremely vulnerable and often breaks when a traumatic injury is made to the face. Complications of mandible fractures can range from 7 to 29%, depending on the severity of the injury, the location of the injury, and the number of areas affected. The most frequently encountered complications include infection, hardware failure, osteomyelitis, non-union, mal-union, and wound dehiscence. Here, we report an unusual complication of an expanding hematoma with left sided facial nerve paresis that resulted after 2 months of mandible fracture.
Nasopharyngeal cyst of branchiogenic origin: a rare case report
Authors: Palani Vignesh , Velayutham Prabu , Ravichandran Surya
Published: May 2024

Nasopharyngeal branchial cysts present laterally as well as ascend from the fossa of Rosenmuller and trace superiorly inside the bony immures of the pharyngotympanic tube. Other commonly related disease conditions with respect to nasopharyngeal cyst include the Rathke’s pouch cyst, Thornwaldt cyst from the pharyngeal bursa along with the branchial cleft cyst. Here in our study, we report a case of a 25-year-old male presented with symptoms of snoring for the past 2 years. On zero-degree endoscopic examination, a nasopharyngeal mass was seen arising from the lateral wall of the nasopharynx extending to the oropharynx. Further based on his radiological investigations, a localized non-enhancing nasopharyngeal cystic mass was seen extending from the left lateral wall of nasopharynx to oropharynx and was diagnosed as nasopharyngeal cyst. Thus, the surgical removal of the nasopharyngeal cyst has been performed through a transoral endoscopic technique with no remnants at the surgical site. The histopathological findings revealed stratified squamous epithelium with subepithelial infiltration of lymphoid follicles, thus confirming the diagnosis as branchial cleft cyst. The patient was discharged with no complications and have been periodically advised for a follow-up. Conclusively, the cyst of 2nd branchiogenic origin in the nasopharynx is extremely sporadic and till date, only a small number of cases have been reported.
An overview on the role of epiglottis in obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Paramasivan Vijaya K. , S. John Mithra
Published: May 2024

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is common sleep disorder with its multimodal effect on health. OSA, if untreated can lead to various cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, psychological, cognitive as well as sexual morbidities. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device is considered as the gold standard in the treatment of OSA. Epiglottic collapse (EC) in OSA has evolved an important factor in the management of OSA as the CPAP may worsen the sleep apnoea. EC in itself is classified into primary or secondary, partial or complete, anteroposterior or lateral. Epiglottic collapse is considered as one of the causes for poor adherence to CPAP devices. There are newer diagnostic modalities to diagnose and distinguish primary and secondary epiglottic collapse of which interventional drug induced sleep endoscopy plays a viable and important role. CPAP still serves as a primary treatment modality for multilevel OSA with EC. Surgical treatment modalities for EC is aimed at improving the compliance of CPAP as well as for relieving the obstruction. Surgical options primarily include epiglottectomy, glossoepiglottopexy, epiglottis stiffening operations.
Navigating brand equity in personal care: Examining the influence of direct-to-consumer brands and the mediating power of brand image
Authors: Modi Shailavi , Balaji Vedha , Mathew Sonia , Kishore Krishna
Published: May 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered consumers to buy products online, leading to unprecedented and unforeseen growth in the e-commerce sector. Therefore, the revolution made by Direct-to-consumer (DTC) brands went unnoticed. Unlike the conventional approach, which took years to build brand trust and equity, the DTC business model allows companies to grow exponentially with their presence in personal care online marketplaces. Therefore, the rise of DTC brands empowers small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and micro small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in India, mainly because the return on ad spend (ROAS) for these brands is a huge problem when compared to giant companies. Also, branding in tier 2 and tier 3 markets has triggered new hurdles as consumers need to build brand trust to pay or transact online. The present research examines how a DTC website and electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) can enhance the effectiveness of branding for direct-to-consumer brands. The study employed a quantitative methodology by analyzing the survey-based research design, with 389 respondents who were aware of and/or used DTC personal care brands in India participating. The present study’s findings demonstrate that website attractiveness and electronic word-of-mouth enhance DTC brands and minimize costs developed to advertise a product, increasing ROAS. Further research studies would broaden DTC brands' knowledge by investigating the impact of e-commerce and social media channels on enhancing consumers' brand equity or purchase intention.
The role of information technology in managing the human resource development of educators in inclusion-based primary schools in Greece
Authors: Savvidou Stavroula , Konteos George , Papaevangelou Olympia , Syndoukas Dimitrios , Kalogiannidis Stavros
Published: May 2024

The rapid growth in technology offers both benefits and challenges to traditional teaching and learning methods in the field of education. Not only is information technology (IT) a study topic itself, but it also has a significant impact on all other academic fields. The ways in which teaching, learning, and human resource management are conducted in educational institutions are changing as a result of the integration of IT, particularly in inclusive settings. The purpose of this project is to investigate the effects of using a variety of IT tools and integrating IT into the curriculum in inclusive elementary schools in Greece. It looks at the ways in which these variables affect the development and management of human resources, with an emphasis on teachers working in inclusive environments. A questionnaire survey was sent to 396 education sector experts, which made it possible to get quantifiable information about these experts' opinions on the influence and integration of IT in learning environments. The findings show that the deployment of different IT tools in inclusive schools and the integration of these technologies into the inclusive curriculum have a favorable impact on the efficient management and development of human resources in these learning settings. The study confirms that integrating IT into the classroom is essential to prepare pupils for life in a knowledge-based society. To keep up with the rapid improvements in technology and economic globalization, educational institutions must proactively innovate and change their methods to human resource management.
Accounting learning outcomes from problem-based learning
Authors: Listiadi Agung
Published: May 2024

The main objective of this study is to examine and compare the educational achievements between problem-based learning and discovery learning approaches in the field of accounting. Understanding the concept is an important part of the process of learning and solving problems, both in the learning process itself and in day-to-day environments. Research using a quantitative method with an experimental approach is a true experimental design. The model of the experiment is the pretest-posttest control group design. According to earlier studies have shown that student’s learn better through discovery learning (DL). It is evident that both methods contribute to the improvement of student outcomes. Being active, thinking critically, and increasing learner achievement are essential factors in the process of learning. In this study, it was discovered that the learning outcomes of problem-based learning models and discovery learning have notable disparities, with problem-based learning producing better learning outcomes. The conclusions from the study offer suggestions or input that can be conveyed and considered for future research. Schools should consider applying a problem-based learning (PBL) model. Students using PBL are required to find their own answers to problems by using their own thinking abilities to form a concept about the material being studied, so during learning activities, students will use their thinking abilities to the maximum.
Pre-service music teachers’ satisfaction with the teacher education curriculum in northern China
Authors: Fang Lin , Poon Chiew Hwa , Cheong Ku Wing
Published: May 2024

Pre-service music teachers’ satisfaction with the curriculum has implications for student learning and curriculum development. It is necessary to investigate pre-service music teachers’ satisfaction with the curriculum to help universities respond to changing social needs. However, there is lack of empirical studies on this topic in China. This study aims to explore the degree of satisfaction of pre-service music teachers in northern China with the curriculum to reveal the current challenges and issues in music teacher education. For this, a quantitative statistical method was adopted to conduct a questionnaire survey among 421 pre-service music teachers who major in music education in four different universities in northern China. The satisfaction survey regarding curriculum content and curriculum design was conducted to identify challenges and issues in the current music teacher education curriculum. The results show that pre-service music teachers are moderately satisfied with the curriculum. The findings indicate the following: 1. Teaching methods are monotonous; 2. There is some ambiguity concerning teaching objectives and training standards; 3. Practical courses and practice mentors need to improve; and 4. Pre-service music teachers lack confidence in the preparation for teaching in the future. Universities can significantly contribute to improving curriculum satisfaction and students’ confidence in teaching preparation by actively providing teaching-related knowledge, skills, policies and goals. Universities should consider the learning needs of pre-service music teachers and improve traditional teacher-centered teaching methods to improve teaching quality.
The design and operationalization of the teacher competence management framework: The method and practical tools to identify and close teacher competence gaps for the teaching of 21st century skills
Authors: Namsone Dace , Zandbergs Uldis , Saleniece Ilze , Butkevica Anete , Dudareva Inese , Burgmanis Girts , Greitans Karlis
Published: May 2024

The aim of the Framework for Teacher Competence Management is to provide school leadership with an empirically tested protocol on how to determine teachers’ professional development needs for teaching 21st century skills. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were applied to collect and analyze data through three cycles of design-based implementation research over a period of three years, from 2017 to 2019, and by collaborating with staff from 15 schools. The Framework for Teacher Competence Management was developed through adapting a competence management model from the business environment to the school setting. The framework includes three steps: Competence identification, assessment and development; school developmental goals and education reform priorities; and the action and information flows between teachers and school leadership team members. The Framework for Teacher Competence Management has been operationalized through the design and validation of a method to identify teachers’ professional development needs and competence assessment tools, such as performance level descriptors, knowledge tests, and self-assessment questionnaires. The research outlines significant differences in teacher performance within a single school, emphasizing the necessity of gathering school-based evidence for planning more personalized professional development solutions to address professional development needs for different teacher groups.
Microsoft teams as an online education system in higher education: The case for Jordan
Authors: Oliemat Ayman , Khasawneh Samer , Alkhazaleh Mahmoud , Abu-Alruz Jamal , Hamadneh Nabhan
Published: May 2024

This study seeks to determine the effectiveness of Microsoft Teams as an online education system in higher education. The researchers developed and tested a path model with factors related to the effectiveness of Microsoft Teams according to the views of students. Using random sample procedures, data from 3,572 undergraduate students was acquired. According to the findings, undergraduate students thought that Microsoft Teams was a useful online teaching tool and had positive opinions of online learning. The outcomes also validate the postulated path model, according to which the two antecedent factors—technical support and Microsoft Teams’ class features—which had positive impacts on the usefulness of the instructional method. Additionally, a positive correlation was found between online interaction and the usefulness of the instructional method. Ultimately, the main factor that greatly affects exam satisfaction and perceived learning outcomes is online interaction. However, students' opinions of the university's technical assistance were less positive, and their level of exam satisfaction was below expectations. The study provides a number of practical and theoretical implications for the field of study. For example, it is expected that this research will provide valuable information for decision makers in the Jordanian government (e.g., Ministry of Higher Education) to take clear and precise steps to help higher education minimize the threats and challenges to students’ learning. Global researchers and practitioners can use this research model to cope with unexpected situations and crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, that may arise in the future.
Działaczki i działacze oświatowi w Królestwie Polskim u progu niepodległości
Authors: Bołdyrew Aneta , Wałęga Agnieszka
Published: May 2024

W Królestwie Polskim na początku XX w. edukacji przypisywano ważną rolę w procesie modernizacji społecznej. W październiku 1905 r. władze rosyjskie zezwoliły na zakładanie prywatnych szkół elementarnych i średnich z polskim językiem wykładowym. Rozpoczęło to okres intensywnego rozwoju oświaty szkolnej i pozaszkolnej. Intensywnie rozwijały się także instytucje oświatowe dla dorosłych.
Niniejszy słownik poświęcony jest działaczkom i działaczom uczestniczącym w różnych formach upowszechniania oświaty i wiedzy w Królestwie Polskim u schyłku XIX i na początku XX w. Obejmuje kobiety i mężczyzn różnego pochodzenia społecznego, narodowości i wyznania. Byli wśród nich przedstawiciele i przedstawicielki inteligencji zawodowej – lekarze, prawnicy, uczeni i wykładowcy akademiccy, nauczyciele, pedagodzy, psycholodzy etc., działaczki ruchu kobiecego, duchowni, osoby prowadzące działalność oświatową w środowiskach chłopskich i robotniczych, popularyzatorzy wiedzy, czytelnictwa i samokształcenie, uczestnicy debat o edukacji i polityce oświatowej. W sumie w obu tomach zamieszczono 676 haseł. Biogram zawierają także bibliografię przedmiotową i podmiotową. Wykorzystano wiele źródeł archiwalnych i drukowanych.
SOCIAL MEDIA IMPACT OF KEDIRI ELECTION COMMISSION IN INCREASING PARTICIPATION ELECTION IN 2024
Authors: Ababil An-Nasser  , Retpitasari Ellyda , Inayah Aizzatul , A.L Dea Vanessa
Published: May 2024

Social media has an important role in socializing the 2024 elections. The 2024 elections cannot run well if there are no stages carried out beforehand. Researchers used a qualitative descriptive approach, through a process of direct observation and interviews at the Kediri District General Election Commission. The impact of communication through social media in increasing participation in the 2024 General Election is known that the number of voter participation has increased significantly to 83.75 percent in Kediri District. With the number of beginner voter participation consisting of generation Z and Millennial Generation almost 50%. The details of Generation Z reached 212,585 people, and the Millennial Generation reached 372,022 people.
Building a culture of safety: Teacher and peer impact on safety behaviors among vocational high school students
Authors: Darmawang  , Amiruddin Amiruddin , Jumadin Jumadin , Setialaksana Wirawan
Published: May 2024

There is an increased risk of workplace accidents for younger employees.   Academic laboratories have demonstrated a higher prevalence of accidents. Occupational health and safety (OHS) education plays a central role in reducing the risk of accidents and aims to habituate safety behavior in educational settings. The current research aims to investigate the factors affecting students’ safety behaviors using a knowledge-attitude-behavior model within stimulus-organism-response frameworks. A quantitative and  non-experimental study involved sending an electronic questionnaire to 959 Indonesian vocational high school students who had undergone half of their learning process in a workshop that put them at risk of accidents. A structural equation model was conducted on the data which showed that all variables in the model were valid and reliable. Teachers’ OHS leadership encourages students’ safety knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. Positive and noteworthy benefits to students' safety knowledge, attitude and behaviour are demonstrated by peer safety behaviours as indicated by similar results. Among the predictors, OHS knowledge had the greatest influence on students’ safety behavior. The current research findings provide evidence that supports the fact that student safety behavior follows the knowledge attitude  behaviour  model within the  stimulus  organism  response  framework.
Workload doesn’t mean exhaustion: Antecedents of teacher burnout
Authors: Dung Vu , Trang Vu Thu , Lan Nguyen Thi Mai
Published: May 2024

Workload has consistently been found to be a predictor of burnout in teachers.  However, while academia considers workload a psychological concept, the public tends to simplify workload as the number of tasks assigned. This study seeks to provide further evidence of the psychological nature of workload by examining if workload understood in terms of quantity of work had any effect on teacher burnout and whether this relationship was moderated by psychological processes such as self-efficacy and mediated by stress. 117 primary and high school teachers holding at least two roles at school participated in the study. Teacher burnout was measured using MBI-ES, self-efficacy was measured by OSTES and stress and workload were measured by single-item questions. Results showed that workload (i.e., the number of roles assigned) did not have a main effect on burnout. Perceived stress and self-efficacy had direct effects on teacher burnout: stress increased burnout while self-efficacy reduced burnout. Self-efficacy had a significant moderation effect on workload-burnout interaction. Workload increased burnout only in teachers with low self-efficacy  while stress did not moderate the workload-burnout relationship. These findings support the psychological nature of the relationship between workload and burnout among teachers. They also point out the importance of enhancing teacher stress management and self-efficacy in protecting them from burnout.
Bilingual Education in China: Current Issues, Problem, and a Proposal for Change
Authors: Yuan Huanshu
Published: May 2024

Bilingualism is an important feature which may affect language learning and language instruction. The bilingual education has become an important and widely used teaching model in Chinese students’ English education. The purpose of this paper is to explore bilingual education issues and practices in China. This paper first introduces the background of Chinese language policies and then examines bilingual education policies and practices in China. It then analyzes issues exist in Chinese bilingual education. Through exploring and analyzing significances and issues exist in Chinese bilingual education, this paper reviews teaching strategies of effective bilingual education and provides practical suggestions and recommendations for Chinese bilingual education.
Formulation, characterization, and antibacterial testing of cream supplemented with Aloe vera (Aloe vera L.) gel and Nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus L.) rhizome ethanol extract
Authors: Mulyani Sri , Rahmadina Salsabila Adzani , Susanti VH Elfi , Ariani Sri Retno Dwi , Utomo Suryadi Budi , Wathon Muhammad Hizbul
Published: May 2024

Various brands and forms offer a wide array of cream-based cosmetic products. However, only some of these products meet safety specifications. Aloe vera and nutgrass, two plants rich in bioactive compounds, possess anti-inflammatory, soothing, and antibacterial properties, making them ideal for health-safe cosmetic formulations. This research was conducted to develop antibacterial cream formulations incorporating these natural additives. The study focused on quality, organoleptic testing, and the formulated cream's antibacterial assessment. The research methodology encompassed several key processes: preparation of Aloe vera gel and nutgrass rhizome ethanol extract, formulation of the cream, quality testing by SNI 16-6069-1999 standards, organoleptic testing as per SNI 01-2346-2006, and antibacterial activity testing using Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 bacterial strains. Results indicated that the cream formula enriched with Aloe vera gel and nutgrass rhizome ethanol extract meets the standards for skin-lightening creams and exhibits significant antibacterial capabilities. Furthermore, it was observed that the antibacterial effectiveness of the cream increases with the concentration of the nutgrass rhizome ethanol extract. These findings highlight the potential for integrating natural ingredients into modern cosmetic formulations, providing therapeutic and aesthetic benefits. This approach not only ensures compliance with safety standards but also leverages the natural properties of Aloe vera and nutgrass to enhance the product's functionality in skin care applications
Comparison of Organic Liquid Soap Made from Papaya-Turmeric and Aloe Vera-Piper Betel
Authors: Juninho Rahmat , Syamsudin Irfan Afandi , Handayani Ismudiati Puri , Rosi Memoria , Kusumaningrum Hertiana Bethaningtyas Dyah , Salam Yusup ABD , Islamiah Desti Umdatul , Rinaldi Astrid
Published: May 2024

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the imperative to mitigate pathogen transmission has catalyzed the innovation of soaps imbued with antimicrobial and antibacterial properties. Diverging from conventional reliance on synthetic chemicals, often associated with adverse dermatological reactions, this study explores the formulation of organic liquid soaps. These soaps leverage naturally occurring antibacterial and antimicrobial compounds from readily accessible plants, presenting a viable alternative to commercially available inorganic body washes predominantly manufactured by small to medium-sized enterprises. Specifically, this research harnesses papaya and aloe vera extracts for their antimicrobial attributes, augmented with turmeric and piper betel for enhanced antibacterial efficacy. Despite the recognized potency of turmeric and piper betel, variability in their effectiveness necessitates rigorous validation against the Indonesian National Standards (SNI) to ensure product quality and safety. This includes comprehensive evaluations of pH levels, density, Total Plate Count (TPC), and Mold and Yeast Count (MYC) to certify the soap's inhibitory capacity against bacterial and fungal proliferation. Employing maceration and hot processing techniques, the formulated papaya-based soap adhered to SNI 4085:2017 criteria for pH and MYC, although initially failing the TPC test. Subsequent incorporation of turmeric extract facilitated compliance with all SNI benchmarks. Conversely, aloe vera formulations only satisfied pH requirements under the SNI, even after adding piper betel. However, substituting piper betel with turmeric extract enabled the aloe vera soap to fulfill the requisite SNI parameters. These findings underscore turmeric extract's superior antibacterial properties, positioning it as a pivotal component in papaya and aloe vera soap formulations. Contrary to prevalent assumptions regarding piper betel's antimicrobial and antibacterial effectiveness, our investigation substantiates turmeric's superior role in bacterial growth inhibition within organic soap matrices.
Synthesis of Polystyrene Fiber Membranes Prepared by Electrospinning: Effect of AgNO3 on the Microstructure
Authors: Budi Hanifah Setyaning , Zulfi Akmal , Setyaningsih Lia Dwi , Fahroji Muhammad , Amalia Ratih , Angel Julia , Arrosyid Bagas Haqi , Handika Gugus , Saputro Kurniawan Eko , Noviyanto Alfian , Rezeki Yulianto Agung
Published: May 2024

Polystyrene (PS) is commonly employed in insulation, packaging, filters, and medical equipment, with recent studies exploring its potential in fiber membrane production. The electrospinning technique is discussed to synthesize PS fiber membranes with high porosity and controllable diameter. Additionally, incorporating silver nitrate into PS composite fibers is explored for enhanced functionalities such as catalytic activity, high electrical conductivity, and antibacterial activity. However, PS composite fiber membranes with silver nitrate (AgNO3) metal variations are rarely observed. This research aims to modify the microstructure of PS fiber membranes produced using electrospinning by adding silver nitrate (AgNO3) with varying concentrations. PS-Ag fiber membranes are produced using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent, which serves as a solvent and a reducing agent for Ag. The results show that the effect of Ag affected the diameter of the PS-Ag fiber membrane, with an average diameter of around 3.67 - 6.93 micrometers. Degradation occurred in these samples at a strong broadening peak near ~1300 cm-1 until ~1600 cm-1 from the Raman results. The FTIR results show that the wavelength of ~3500 cm-1 indicated the presence of OH. The presence of OH indicates that the PS-Ag fiber membrane has the potential for water filtration application
Comparative Analysis of Caffeine Content in Cold and Hot Brewed Robusta Coffee Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Authors: Rahmawati Irma , Asrori Shofian Habib
Published: May 2024

Coffee is one of the most popular beverages globally, cherished for its unique taste, aroma, and the stimulating effects of its caffeine content. The proliferation of creative coffee shops has introduced various new methods for enjoying coffee, including cold and hot brew techniques. These processing techniques can significantly influence the physicochemical characteristics of coffee, particularly its caffeine content. This study compares the caffeine content in Robusta coffee using cold and hot brewing techniques. The hot brew coffee was prepared using water at approximately 96°C with a French press for six minutes. In contrast, the cold brew method involved brewing with water at room temperature (20-25°C) using a French press, followed by storage for 12 hours in a refrigerator (2-8°C). Qualitative analysis involved examining the color reaction, while quantitative analysis was conducted using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). HPLC is a highly accurate method that is extensively used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The results indicated that the caffeine content in cold-brewed Robusta coffee was significantly higher, with a concentration of 44.63 μg/mL ± 0.199% and a Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) of 0.4459%. Conversely, hot-brewed coffee showed a caffeine concentration of 23.96 μg/mL ± 0.278%, with an RSD of 1.1602%. The parametric Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference in caffeine levels between hot-brewed and cold-brewed coffee. These findings suggest that the choice of Robusta coffee processing technique can be crucial for individuals with specific health conditions seeking to manage their caffeine intake.
Impacts of The POGIL Learning Model Combined With a SETS Approach on Chemical Literacy and Science Process Skills in The Context of Buffer Solutions
Authors: Puspitasari Putri Anggun , Hastuti Budi , Mulyani Bakti
Published: May 2024

This study evaluates the impact of the Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) model combined with a Science-Technology-Society-Environment (SETS) approach on chemical literacy and science process skills within buffer solutions. Employing a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group, the research involved 71 students divided into experimental and control groups. Cluster random sampling was utilized for participant selection, and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was applied to test the hypotheses. The findings reveal a significant effect of the POGIL learning model integrated with a SETS approach on simultaneously enhancing students' chemical literacy and science process skills. This outcome is substantiated by the MANOVA results, which indicate a significance level of 0.000, falling below the threshold of 0.05, thereby leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis (H0). Notably, the experimental group demonstrated significant improvements compared to the control group. Chemical literacy in the experimental group reached 79.90%, significantly higher than the 62.53% observed in the control group. Additionally, the N-gain scores for the experimental and control groups were 0.70 and 0.32, respectively, categorized as high and medium. Furthermore, the percentages of science process skills were 91.61% in the experimental group and 82.37% in the control group, both in the very good category. These results underscore the effectiveness of combining POGIL with a SETS approach in elevating chemical literacy and science process skills, suggesting this method is a potent educational tool in chemical education.
Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extracts from Delonix regia Against Laboratory Strains of Diarrheal Bacteria
Authors: Senge Yeyen Susana , Mustafa Irfan , Safitri Anna
Published: May 2024

The present study evaluates the antibacterial efficacy of ethanolic extracts from Delonix regia leaves against diarrhea-inducing bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed that D. regia leaves comprise flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, and terpenoids. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis identified various functional groups in the D. regia leaf extract, including O-H, C-H, C=O, C=C, C-C, C-O, and C-O-C. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis further confirmed the presence of 16 distinct compounds comprising amino acids, alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, anthraquinones, n-acyl pyrrolidines, and fatty acids. The disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) was employed for the antibacterial tests. The extracts of D. regia leaves at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% generated inhibition zones measuring 5.26 mm, 6.37 mm, 7.27 mm, and 10.18 mm against E. coli, and 5.05 mm, 7.01 mm, 8.77 mm, and 10.04 mm against S. typhimurium, respectively. The commercial antibiotic ciprofloxacin (a positive control) produced inhibition zones of 30.02 mm for E. coli and 28 mm for S. typhimurium. The negative control, consisting of 10% ethanol, showed no inhibitory effect on bacterial growth. These findings indicate that the ethanolic extract of D. regia leaves possesses antibacterial properties against E. coli and S. typhimurium. It is likely that secondary metabolite compounds, such as flavonoids and phenolics, contribute significantly to the observed antibacterial activity
Functionalization Mesoporous Silica using Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) as Adsorbent for Removal Ni (II) from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Hidayani Ega , Andriayani Andriayani , Taufik Muhammad
Published: May 2024

This study successfully synthesized mesoporous silica using the template methyl ester ricinoleate (MS-TMR) and further functionalized the MS-TMR surface with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). The functionalization of MS-TMR with APTES was achieved through a 48-hour grafting method. For the adsorption experiments, 20 mg of both MS-TMR and MS-TMR-APTES adsorbents were employed to remove Ni(II) from aqueous solutions at a concentration of 30 mg/L and pH 6. The objective was to assess the adsorption capacity and to characterize the synthesized adsorbents. Characterization was conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). FTIR analysis revealed that the MS-TMR adsorbent possessed silanol (Si-OH) and siloxane (Si-O-Si) groups. Conversely, the MS-TMR-APTES adsorbent exhibited additional amine (N-H) and C-H groups after the APTES grafting. XRD results indicated that both samples were amorphous. The concentration of Ni(II) ions was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), which facilitated the calculation of removal percentages and adsorption capacities. MS-TMR achieved a mere 3.54% removal of Ni(II) ions, corresponding to an adsorption capacity of 3.21 mg/g. In contrast, MS-TMR-APTES demonstrated significantly enhanced performance, removing 54.23% of Ni(II) ions with an adsorption capacity of 48.81 mg/g. The findings suggest that APTES-functionalized MS-TMR has considerable potential for removing Ni(II) ions and could be explored further for the adsorption of other heavy metal ions.
Implementation of Ethno-STEM Learning through the "Lompek Kodok" Game to Enhance Critical Thinking Ability
Authors: Putri Meisy Haziza , Desy Hanisa Putri Desy Hanisa Putri , Iwan Setiawan Iwan Setiawan , Aprina Defianti Aprina Defianti
Published: May 2024

Pembelajaran Etno-STEM melibatkan empat indikator Sains, Teknologi, Teknik, dan Matematika berdasarkan kearifan budaya masyarakat setempat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa yang diajarkan dengan Ethno STEM melalui permainan tradisional Lompek Kodok. Selain itu juga bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan respon siswa terhadap penerapan pembelajaran Ethno-STEM. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 04 Kota Bengkulu pada semester I tahun ajaran 2023/2024. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pre-Eksperimental, dan desain yang digunakan adalah One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes kemampuan berpikir kritis dan angket respon. Teknik analisis data yang akan mengukur peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis antara lain Analisis Deskriptif dan Analisis Inferensial dengan N-Gain. Sedangkan analisis statistik deskriptif akan digunakan untuk mengukur respon siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai N-Gain pada kelas X MIPA 3 sebesar 0,7492 menunjukkan bahwa kelas tersebut termasuk dalam kategori tinggi. Secara keseluruhan pembelajaran Ethno STEM dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF FINANCIAL BEHAVIORS WITH PERSONALITY TRAITS AND FINANCIAL LITERACY: AN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH
Authors: Kalaycı Muhammed , Tutar Salih
Published: May 2024

People's transactions in financial markets may vary according to their financial literate levels and personality traits. The main goal of this research is to evaluate the connection between the characters and financial literate levels of individuals and their financial behaviors. This study used a quantitative research method to reveal the relationship between variables. A simple random sampling technique determined the study's sample, and the survey technique was chosen to collect data. The questionnaire was created from the Type A and B Personality Scale and the Self-Determination Scale. In addition, a section to determine the level of finance literate was added to the survey _ In line with the findings got from the research data analysis, it was seen that the literate financial level of people with type A personality traits is higher, and people with this personality type make more rational decisions in financial behaviors. These findings show that financial behaviors vary according to personality traits and can act irrationally in financial markets.