bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Media Permainan Game Geo Bus (GGS) untuk Mengenalkan Bentuk-Bentuk Geometri pada Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun
Authors: Helfianti Desti , Novianti Ria , Solfiah Yeni
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan yang diperoleh dari pengembangan produk game geo bus (GGS) bagi kemampuan mengenal bentuk-bentuk geometri pada anak usia 4-5 tahun. Jenis penelitian yang diambil yaitu penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development/RD), langkah-langkah yang dilakukan dalam penelitian Research and Development (RD) ini yaitu: potensi dan masalah; pengumpulan informasi; desain produk; validasi desain; revisi desain; validasi produk; revisi produk. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan kuisioner (angket), wawancara dan observasi. Instrument penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan lembaran kuesioner (angket). Instrument tersebut terdiri dari dua jenis validasi yaitu validasi instrument kelayakan produk dan instrument kelayakan materi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Dari hasil penelitian berdasarkan validasi yang didapat dari kedua validator dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil validasi materi dan media tersebut, yaitu jumlah skor yang didapat dari gabungan kedua validasi materi, yaitu “41” skor, dengan rata-rata skor “4,5” dan kategori validasi materi yang didapat adalah “Sangat Layak”. Sedangkan validasi media dengan jumlah “45” skor, dengan rata-rata skor “4,1”, tentunya dengan kategori validasi media merupakan“Sangat Layak”.
Signatures of Clouds in Hot Jupiter Atmospheres: Modeled High-resolution Emission Spectra from 3D General Circulation Models
Authors: Harada Caleb K. , Kempton Eliza M.-R. , Rauscher Emily , Roman Michael , Malsky Isaac , Brinjikji Marah , DiTomasso Victoria
Published: March 2021

Observations of scattered light and thermal emission from hot Jupiter exoplanets have suggested the presence of inhomogeneous aerosols in their atmospheres. 3D general circulation models (GCMs) that attempt to model the effects of aerosols have been developed to understand the physical processes that underlie their dynamical structures. In this work, we investigate how different approaches to aerosol modeling in GCMs of hot Jupiters affect high-resolution thermal emission spectra throughout the duration of the planet’s orbit. Using results from a GCM with temperature-dependent cloud formation, we calculate spectra of a representative hot Jupiter with different assumptions regarding the vertical extent and thickness of clouds. We then compare these spectra to models in which clouds are absent or simply post-processed (i.e., added subsequently to the completed clear model). We show that the temperature-dependent treatment of clouds in the GCM produces high-resolution emission spectra that are markedly different from the clear and post-processed cases—both in the continuum flux levels and line profiles—and that increasing the vertical extent and thickness of clouds leads to bigger changes in these features. We evaluate the net Doppler shifts of the spectra induced by global winds and the planet’s rotation and show that they are strongly phase dependent, especially for models with thicker and more extended clouds. This work further demonstrates the importance of radiative feedback in cloudy atmospheric models of hot Jupiters, as this can have a significant impact on interpreting spectroscopic observations of exoplanet atmospheres.
Internal Structure of Molecular Gas in a Main-sequence Galaxy With a UV Clump at z = 1.45
Authors: Ushio Kaito , Ohta Kouji , Maeda Fumiya , Hatsukade Bunyo , Yabe Kiyoto
Published: March 2021

We present results of subarcsec Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of CO(2–1) and CO(5–4) toward a massive main-sequence galaxy at z = 1.45 in the Subaru-XMM/Newton Deep Survey/UDS field, aiming at examining the internal distribution and properties of molecular gas in the galaxy. Our target galaxy consists of the bulge and disk, and has a UV clump in the Hubble Space Telescope images. The CO emission lines are clearly detected, and the CO(5–4)/CO(2–1) flux ratio (R
52) is ∼1, similar to that of the Milky Way. Assuming a metallicity-dependent CO-to-H2 conversion factor and a CO(2–1)/CO(1–0) flux ratio of 2 (the Milky Way value), the molecular gas mass and the gas-mass fraction (f
gas = ratio of the molecular gas mass to the molecular gas mass + stellar mass) are estimated to be ∼1.5 × 1011
M
⊙ and ∼0.55, respectively. We find that R
52 peak coincides with the position of the UV clump and that its value is approximately twice higher than the galactic average. This result implies a high gas density and/or high temperature in the UV clump, which qualitatively agrees with a numerical simulation of a clumpy galaxy. The CO(2–1) distribution is well represented by a rotating-disk model, and its half-light radius is ∼2.3 kpc. Compared to the stellar distribution, the molecular gas is more concentrated in the central region of the galaxy. We also find that f
gas decreases from ∼0.6 at the galactic center to ∼0.2 at three times the half-light radius, indicating that the molecular gas is distributed in the more central region of the galaxy than stars and seems to be associated with the bulge rather than with the stellar disk.
Citizen scientists significantly improve our knowledge on the non-native longhorn beetle Chlorophorus annularis (Fabricius, 1787) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in Europe
Authors: Seidel Matthias , Lüttke Maren , Cocquempot Christian , Potts Katy , Heeney Wil J. , Husemann Martin
Published: March 2021

The Asian bamboo borer Chlorophorus annularis is a beetle species that has been introduced in many countries globally. Originating in Southeast Asia, it can now be found in the Americas, South Africa, the Middle East, Australasia and Europe. The literature record of the species in Europe consists of findings of single individuals usually associated with imported bamboo products. A general European effort in surveying C. annularis was never undertaken, since the overall scientific consensus was that the species cannot establish here. Yet, recent records in Genk, Torhout (Belgium) and in Hamburg (Germany) do not seem directly associated with a recently imported product and hence may indicate otherwise. Such a shortfall in recording commonly imported, potentially invasive species may be counteracted through citizen science initiatives, allowing for continuous, high density monitoring. In this paper we present thirteen new records of the species from five European countries, including two new country records, mostly going back to interested citizen scientists.
Comparison between optical and electrophysical data on free electron concentration in tellurium doped n-GaAs
Authors: Yugova Tatyana G. , Belov Aleksandr G. , Kanevskii Vladimir E. , Kladova Evgeniya I. , Knyazev Stanislav N.
Published: March 2021

A theoretical model has been developed for determining free electron concentration in n-GaAs from characteristic points in the far infrared region of reflection spectra. We show that when determining free electron concentration one should take into account the pasmon–phonon coupling, otherwise free electron concentration will be overestimated. We have calculated electron concentration Nopt as a function of characteristic wave number ν+ which is described by a second order polynomial.

Twenty-five tellurium doped gallium arsenide specimens have been tested for electron concentration using two methods, i.e., the conventional four-probe method (Van der Pau) and the optical method developed by us (the measurements have been carried out at room temperature). We have used the experimental results to plot the dependence of electron concentration based on the Hall data (NHall) on electron concentration based on the optical data (Nopt). This dependence is described by a linear function. We show that the data of optical and electrophysical measurements agree if the electron concentration is Neq = 1.07 · 1018 cm-3. At lower Hall electron concentrations, NHall < Nopt, whereas at higher ones, NHall > Nopt. We have suggested a qualitative model describing these results. We assume that tellurium atoms associate into complexes with arsenic vacancies thus reducing the concentration of electrons. The concentration of arsenic vacancies is lower on the crystal surface, hence the Nopt > NHall condition should be met. With an increase in doping level, more and more tellurium atoms remain electrically active, so the bulk concentration of electrons starts to prevail over the surface one. However with further increase in doping level the NHall/Nopt ratio starts to decrease again and tends to unity. This seems to originate from the fact that the decomposition intensity of the tellurium atom + arsenic vacancy complexes decreases with an increase in doping level.
Éviter le déclassement stratégique en se préparant aux conflits qui viennent
Authors: Dumas Françoise
Published: March 2021

Face à la compétition stratégique en cours et le risque de conflits de haute intensité, la France dispose de plusieurs atouts pour sa défense, mais cela exige de poursuivre l’effort soutenu par la LPM 2019-2025 en prévoyant notamment une logistique plus massive, en préservant l’état militaire et en y associant nos concitoyens.
La fin du monde occidental ?
Authors: de Castries Henri
Published: March 2021

Si le poids démographique relatif de l’Europe entraîne de facto un recul inévitable, il est cependant largement possible de rebondir à condition de réinventer notre modèle de gouvernance et de proposer une approche plus réaliste mais aussi ambitieuse. Les errements récents du monde occidental permettent d’en tirer des leçons pour l’avenir.
La Covid-19, une mise à l’épreuve pour le projet européen ?
Authors: Ischinger Wolfgang
Published: March 2021

La Covid-19 a ébranlé le monde en aggravant ses incertitudes géopolitiques. L’Europe et ses institutions ont été fragilisées, or plus que jamais, celle-ci doit reprendre l’initiative pour surmonter collectivement la crise et affirmer une nouvelle ambition pour que le « vieux continent » en ressorte plus fort.
Désengagement américain : quelles sont les options pour les pays du Moyen-Orient ?
Authors: Sager Abdulaziz
Published: March 2021

Le désengagement américain au Moyen-Orient est une réalité depuis Obama, même si l’ampleur du mouvement a été relativement réduite. Cela oblige cependant les États de la région à revoir leur position, d’autant plus que l’instabilité reste une réalité et que d’autres puissances, comme la Russie ou la Chine, y ont des intérêts.
Après le déclin de l’Occident, sa fin – ou son accomplissement ?
Authors: Engels David
Published: March 2021

L’Occident est-il en déclin ? Dans certains domaines, indéniablement alors même que paradoxalement l’occidentalisation progresse. L’Europe vieillissante et fracturée semble peu capable de relever ce défi et s’oriente vers une marginalisation progressive et la fin de sa civilisation au profit de nouveaux empires.
Témoignage : expérience de la coopération européenne
Authors: de Rousiers Patrick
Published: March 2021

La coopération européenne dans le champ de la défense progresse mais nécessite beaucoup de patience et de dialogue pour que les États partenaires partagent une approche stratégique convergente. Le niveau d’ambition doit rester raisonnable, pragmatique et réaliste.
Engagement des armées sur le territoire national : vers une nouvelle dynamique
Authors: Salabert Olivier
Published: March 2021

Les armées sont régulièrement engagées sur le territoire national. Toutefois – à la lumière de la crise sanitaire – des progrès sont envisageables dans la coordination avec les moyens civils, par une meilleure anticipation et connaissance mutuelles. Une démarche proactive est désormais nécessaire pour éviter un effet de surprise.
Enjeux pour la France en Indo-Pacifique
Authors: Pipolo Christophe
Published: March 2021

L’Indo-Pacifique est un espace stratégique majeur où la France, nation maritime, en est une puissance riveraine, l’obligeant à se doter d’une doctrine clairement affichée et de moyens adaptés. Dans un contexte évolutif fragile, il est nécessaire que Paris mesure pleinement les enjeux dans le nouveau centre de gravité mondiale.
Dans l’océan Arctique, la Russie ne perd pas le nord
Authors: Pasquier Daniel
Published: March 2021

L’océan Arctique subit de plein fouet le réchauffement climatique. De ce fait, l’accès aux hydrocarbures et la voie maritime deviennent des enjeux économiques majeurs pour lesquels la Russie a de grandes ambitions et s’est engagée dans des projets conséquents, dans un contexte de rivalité avec les États-Unis.
Mapping challenges in developing sustainable small and medium industries: Integrating Lean and green principles
Authors: Amrina Uly , Hidayatno Akhmad , Zagloel Teuku Yuri M.
Published: March 2021

Purpose: This study explores the complexity of developing a sustainable small and medium industry (SMI) through a conceptual model that integrates lean and green manufacturing principles.Design/methodology/approach: This model includes a systems diagram that illustrates the structure of the interconnected variable and the interrelationships between goals, inputs, processes, and outputs required to achieve a system’s goals by using both lean and green principles. The diagram uses causal loop diagram logic from systems thinking based on the literature review, multi-actor analysis, observations, and focus group discussions.Findings: Combining the efficiency benefits from lean principles and better environmental effectiveness from green principles would help to achieve sustainability. A conceptual structural map could support the integration processes by illustrating the variables, multi-actors, and multi-indicators required to achieve sustainability.Research limitations/implications: The conceptual model highlights the necessary linkage between lean and green practices that would help SMI researchers and decision-makers to navigate their activities in achieving sustainability.Originality/value: There is currently little discussion at the SMI level from a multi-actor perspective. The systems diagram offers a comprehensive picture that is the basis for further discussion of the complexity of integrating lean and green principles.
Mobile Ad Hoc Network in Disaster Area Network Scenario: A Review on Routing Protocols
Authors: Younis Zhiyan A. , Abdulazeez Adnan Mohsin , Zeebaree Subhi R. M. , Zebari Rizgar Ramadhan , Zeebaree Diyar Qader
Published: March 2021

Disasters could cause communication systems partially or completely down. In such a case, relief operations need a rapidly deployed communication system to save lives. Exchanging information among the rescue team is a vital factor to make important decisions. Communication system required to be robust to failures, rapidly deployable, easily maintainable to provide better services. Wireless ad-hoc networks could be the choice of establishing communication with the aid of existing infrastructure in a post-disaster case. In order to optimize mobile ad-hoc network performance, address the challenges that could lead to unreliable performance is required. One and most crucial key challenge is routing information from a sender to receiver. Due to the characteristics of a disaster environment such as signal attenuation, communication links exist between rescue crew is short-lived, suffer from frequent route breakage, and may result in unreliable end-to-end services. Many routing protocols have been proposed and evaluated in different network environments. This paper presents the basic taxonomy of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks and the state of the art in routing categorizes (Proactive, Reactive, Geographic-aware and Delay tolerant Networks (DTN)). The comparison of existing routing protocols in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks indicates that overhead in Proactive and Geographic is competitive with delay in Reactive and DTN routing.
An Efficient Hybrid Classifier for Cancer Detection
Authors: Chang Yangyang , Abu-Amara Fadi
Published: March 2021

The early detection of cancer in both healthy and high-risk populations offers increased opportunity for treatment and curative intent. In this paper, we propose a hybrid classifier that produces an efficient classification system for cancer detection in cell datasets. The first part of this work investigates the performance of artificial neural networks (ANN) such as Self-Organizing Feature Map (SOM) and Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ), while in the second part, we present our investigation on the performances of Decision Tree (DT) and its pruning model. We also, in the third part, present our proposal for a new hybrid classifier that is based on the Random Forest (RF) and the combination of the LVQ and DT. Experimental results of the proposed hybrid classifier indicate that the hybrid classifier effectively avoids the drawbacks of individual classifiers and has high anti-noise performance.
Designing A Smart Monitoring and Alert System for Malaria Patients Based on IoT in Burundi
Authors: Sabukunze Igor Didier , Suyoto Suyoto
Published: March 2021

Malaria is an infectious disease that has a devastating effect on humans but is contagious and preventable. There were 228 million malaria cases globally in 2018, with 93% of patients and 94% dying showing up in Africa within Burundi, possessing a massive growth (51%). This study proposes an IoT design for smart monitoring and alert systems for malaria patients in Burundi. After being tested positive while they are home drinking tablets prescribed by the doctor, the patients will use a body temperature sensor. When the situation worsens, the patient shall be hospitalized and use the water level sensor to monitor the serum level, which contains quinine. Body temperature and water level sensor will be connected to Arduino Microcontroller, and all information will be gathered and sent to the IoT server through the internet. The system design is authentic and adequate in reducing mortality in Burundi. Besides, the system is equipped to set up a caution message to the medical staff in case of the patient's extreme conditions. It can be concluded that a Smart monitoring and alert system is essential for monitoring malaria patients and can alert in case of a severe condition.
Remboîtage of a Binding: Authenticity and Conservation of "Fifty-two Plates Engraved from Portraits by Van Dyck and Others, 16th - 17th Century"
Authors: Belcheva Malina
Published: March 2021

The present study of the album Fifty-two Plates Engraved from Portraits by Van Dyck and Others, 16th - 17th Century, includes commentaries on the conservation research, the album provenance, bibliographical information, acquisition; details of the conservation treatment: the binding, text block, and graphic works consolidation; and it underlines the conservation integration of the historical repairs through contemporary conservation materials applied for stabilization of the album condition and enhancement of the binding flexibility and solidity.
Cross-Cultural Business Communication
Authors: Guang Tian , Tian Kathy
Published: March 2021

It is broadly recognized that cultural factors act as invisible barriers in international business communications. As such, understanding cultural differences is an essential skill for both business educators and business practitioners as geographic borders become increasingly fluid. This chapter provides a framework for both business practitioners and educators engaged in international business. Seven themes are suggested for future research: cultural impacts of markets, international vs. domestic business communication, standardization vs. adaptation in cross-cultural communication, cross-cultural dimensions of business communication research, cultural aspects of the business communication mix, cultural aspects of business communication in the service sector, cultural communication implications of the aftermarket, and cross-cultural business communication education and professional training. The chapter concludes with suggestions that business anthropology be adapted as a tool for culture on international business and education.
A Blueprint for Developing Black Male Leader Identity, Capacity, and Efficacy Through Leadership Learning
Authors: Spencer Jr. Dorsey , Guthrie Kathy L.
Published: March 2021

Developing future leaders has always been an important part of postsecondary education, as seen currently in many institutional mission statements. This chapter explores the development of leader identity, capacity, and efficacy of Black men through an academic course at Florida State University. Building on the foundations of the leadership learning framework and the culturally relevant leadership learning model, the Black Male Leadership course was intentionally developed and is taught each semester. The authors provide an overview of the course, report course participants' perceptions of the course, and lessons learned in the course development and implementation process. This chapter hopefully provides a blueprint for institutions to develop and implement such a course.
Reshaping Education for the New Labour Market in Sub-Saharan African Countries
Authors: Afedzie Richard H. , Aller James , Nketia Joseph
Published: March 2021

This chapter examines the vital role of education and training in the new labour market. It explores the relative importance of technical education and computer literacy for all able working citizens in sub-Saharan African countries. It states that heavy investment in education and training has a great return on productivity and has the potential to change societies for all citizens. The literature on new labour market documents that sub-Saharan African countries that have changed their educational system to reflect technical competency have been able to develop their workforce productivity and national economic development. It asserts that government policies on education and training should be of utmost priority to governance in order to enhance the labour market in the 21st century.
Business Models of Sustainable Open Educational Resources (OER)
Authors: Wang Shouhong
Published: March 2021

This article conceptualizes four business models for sustainable open education resources (OER) at four levels: the social level, the education institutional level, the OER community level, and the individual faculty member level. The business model at each of the four levels has its application realm. At the social level, social benefits of OER are the central motivation of the OER movement. At the institutional level, education institutions are facing challenges of student enrollment increase. At the OER community operational level, communities of practice must be established. At the individual faculty member level, the key players of OER must take effective actions for OER. Sustainable OER can be achieved only when the stakeholders at the four levels collaborate towards the common objective of sustainable value creation. The comprehensive set of business models can be used for all parties involved in OER to define and implement strategies for sustainable OER. The article also provides recommendations for future research into tests of the conceptualized business models for sustainable OER.
Utilizing Learner Knowledge in Cross-Culture Management Education
Authors: Starr-Glass David
Published: March 2021

In many business schools, the cross-culture management course has become a central response to the increasingly globalized and internationalized world in which graduates will work. The core content, pedagogic assumptions, and anticipated learner outcomes of this course have changed over the last two decades, moving from the passive transmission of national culture knowledge to more active and responsive knowledge-creation that might better serve students in approaching cross-culture management challenges. In restructuring his cross-culture management course, the present author reflected on these shifts and on the national culture richness of the envisaged students. This chapter explores ways of utilizing the informal cultural learning and tacit national culture knowledge of course participants to create a learning experience that might be more useful for students who will engage in the international organizational and corporate world of the twenty-first century.
Bridging the Gap Between Marketing Education and the Marketing Profession
Authors: Finch David J. , McIntyre Sharon
Published: March 2021

Professionals and scholars have discussed the unprecedented pace of change currently experienced by businesses. The dynamics facing business today offer rich insight into the challenges facing university graduates. In this chapter, the authors apply a dynamic capabilities (DCs) view of new graduate employability. Dynamic capabilities theory is rooted in the resource-based view that posits organizations create a competitive advantage by acquiring or developing resources that are rare, valuable, and hard to imitate and replace. They argue that employability can be viewed as the complex integration and application of four specific DCs: (1) intelligence resources, (2) personality resources, (3) meta-skill resources, and (4) job-specific resources. The authors view new graduate competitive advantage as dependent on the ability of university graduates to mobilize and exploit the linkages of these resources throughout their university study years. In adopting these resource categories, they build on previous work and propose a conceptual model to evaluate a new graduate's competitive position in an employment marketplace. In this chapter, the authors provide a prescription for how educators and students can apply an integrated dynamic capability view of new graduate employability to support the professional development of marketing students through the development of a comprehensive personal product roadmap.
International Education, Diversity Exposure, and Cross-Cultural Engagements
Authors: Namada Juliana Mulaa , Katuse Paul , Wambalaba Francis Wamukota
Published: March 2021

The quest for mission-driven approaches in business education arises out of a deep concern for development and achievement of student centered outcomes. This chapter assesses these concerns by analyzing service leaning and practical cases. International education, diversity exposure, and cross-cultural engagements are analyzed in line with the extent of achieving service-learning outcomes. The analysis is done by examining the value added to business school learning models through these engagements. The discussions show that students and faculty benefit through critical thinking, tolerance to diverse cultures, and preparedness for global careers. The chapter ends with illustrative cases of global community service, global academic tours, business simulation games, and X-culture global challenge engagements by United States International University Africa.
Exploration of Employability Skills in Business Management Studies Within Higher Education Levels
Authors: Alharahsheh Husam Helmi , Pius Abraham
Published: March 2021

Higher education in the United Kingdom is becoming more responsible to focus beyond teaching and learning process; this is evolving to further reflect the needs of the marketplace, engagement with firms within the industry, responsibility to enhance talent, and to close the skills gap to prepare students for employment opportunities during studies and after graduation. The purpose of this study is to provide the key employability skills in business management studies within higher education with further focus on the UK as one of the leading Western and knowledge-based economies through a systematic literature review process. The study also aims to highlight employability skills reported in the selected studies by categorising them into three main categories: very common employability skills required, common employability skills required, and uncommon employability skills required. However, throughout the studies included in the review, focus on specific skills varied due to the way researchers assessed as well as external factors taken into consideration such as cultural differences, external environment changes, the type of educational institutions, and the way curriculum was delivered, as well as the variations of specific interests of employers from a sector to another. The review is organised in six key sections: Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Results and Analysis, Discussion, and lastly, Conclusion and Implications. The reported employability skills resulted in the review can be taken into consideration to further enhance understanding of how employability skills can be embedded into curriculum within business management schools in the UK and other organisations that are responsible for articulation of employment related policies for students and recent graduates. The review can also establish that enhancement of employability skills should be a collective responsibility including universities, employers, policymakers, and students to ensure that educational outcomes are meeting the needs of the market. Higher education providers should aim to close the gap of employability by the point of graduation stage and to be ready to compete in the overcrowded labour market.
Management Training Insights Emerging From Spiritual Concerns
Authors: Fairholm Matt
Published: March 2021

Traditional management training stresses what could be called the impersonal aspects of organizational life. Managers come to see people as one part of a greater overall organizational system that they can create, control, and change as needed. People become assets to allocate and control. The more personal aspects of peoples' lives are ignored at best and dismissed at worst. By reshaping or rethinking management training to include the more personal, even spiritual, side of workers, today's managers will see both productivity improvements as well as more engaged employees. Insights emerging from spiritual concerns can help organizations understand the content and intent of their current training programs in new ways. Such insights even suggest new categories of issues that can drive management training efforts. With this new understanding, managers can prepare themselves to help workers be productive and useful while also helping them find meaning and personal fulfillment in the work.
“More Than a University”
Authors: Antoniadou Marilena
Published: March 2021

Given that research into attitudes to responsible management in education is still in its infancy, this chapter explored business students' experiences in relation to award-winning corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices of their university and mandatory curriculum on responsible management, based on the United Nations Principles of Responsible Management Education (PRME). Drawing on a qualitative study, focus groups were conducted with 107 students who were asked about their awareness, perceptions, and impact of the ethical, environmental, and social practices that their university implements. The findings suggested strong awareness and pride of its ethical standards, while many students' choice of university was influenced by their institution's sustainability practices. However, while students enjoy an immersive experience in CSR and ethics education, some doubted that this prepares them to face ethical quandaries in the real world. The chapter highlights a number of important orientations for the future development of university curriculum in relation to CSR.
The Centralized Zakat Management System in Solving Zakat Management Issues in Malaysia
Authors: Hassan Rusni , Wan Ismail Wan Amirah Naimah , Abu Samah Zariah
Published: March 2021

Zakat is the third pillar of Islam and often associated as a tool to alleviate poverty. Proper execution, processes, and management of zakat from collection to distribution of zakat should result in the alleviation of poverty and improvement in quality of life for the less fortunate. However, in a Muslim majority country such as Malaysia, where not only is zakat collected regularly, with multiple zakat bodies taking on the role of managing zakat, the issue of poverty remains. This indicates a flaw within the existing zakat management system whereby there is either a lag between the funds collected and funds distributed, or the zakat management is inefficient. The chapter studies the current practices of zakat collection and disbursement in Malaysia while highlighting the relevant issues. Subsequently, developing a conceptual framework of a centralised zakat management through the enhancement of IT infrastructure. The main objective of the proposed framework is to improve the efficiency of the zakat collection and disbursement by establishing a consolidated database which will be accessible by all zakat authorities and creating strategic partnership with relevant authorities and organisations. These steps will promote the sharing of information, verification of information, and reduce the number of redundancy and conflicting information of zakat recipients. Ultimately, the end goal is to shorten the transaction time of funds from contributors to recipients through a systematic and orderly manner.
A Socio-Cultural Approach to Evaluating and Designing Reading Comprehension Apps for Language Learning
Authors: Robles Heydy , Burden Kevin , Villalba Karen
Published: March 2021

Mobile devices are increasingly promoted as tools to facilitate ubiquitous and individualized learning, allowing learners to work at their own pace in authentic and meaningful settings. However, in the case of second language learning, there is a paucity of apps and tools related to improving students' reading comprehension in both Spanish and English. Additionally, there are few studies that address the evaluation of applications for reading comprehension and innovation in this field and this is required in order to respond to the needs of transformation in language learning teaching. The authors present an original evaluation of 25 English language learning mobile apps using the iPAC app rubric, which identifies the pedagogical features of mobile learning: personalisation, authenticity, and collaboration. The results indicate that many of the existing apps fail to fully exploit the affordances of mobile learning and collaboration in particular. The findings suggest recommendations for app developers to design comprehension apps that address these shortcomings.
Effectiveness of Digital Tools to Support Pupils' Reading in Secondary School
Authors: Chen Danlei , Macleod Gale
Published: March 2021

Engagement with reading falls around the age of 11 or 12, and there is widespread concern with levels of literacy amongst adolescents. Most research examines how digital tools facilitate preschoolers' reading or reading motivation outside school. Less research is conducted in the school context, particularly with older pupils. This article reports a systematised review to investigate the effectiveness of digital tools for supporting reading in secondary schools. Two thousand three hundred ninety-six articles were screened with 10 selected for review. The empirical evidence is examined, definitions of effectiveness, and facilitators and barriers are identified. Findings show the evidence base is varied, but robust; digital tools are effective in motivating adolescents' reading interest, and improving their reading skills and test scores; teachers are key facilitators in the process. Findings are in line with research with younger age-groups suggesting the transferability of research across a wide age-range. Implications for practice and suggestions for developing research in this area are identified.
Designing and Applying a Moodle-Based E-Textbook for an Academic Writing Course
Authors: Chang Heejin , Windeatt Scott
Published: March 2021

This study explores the use of a Moodle-based electronic textbook (e-textbook) created for an on-campus intensive academic writing course. The role of the e-textbook in facilitating collaborative writing practice and developing academic digital literacy skills as part of a blended learning approach is investigated. The study involved 83 students used the e-textbook over a period of 10 weeks. Data from activities posted on the e-textbook web-site, e-learning journals, course evaluations, and the researchers' field notes and reflections based on classroom observations were analysed to explore 1) student reactions to the materials and the blended learning approach and 2) the effect on student writing practice and the development of academic literacy skills. The results identify practical, pedagogical, and affective aspects of student adaption to the e-textbook materials and to the blended learning approach. The intervention appears to have achieved its major aims, but further investigation is suggested, including of the role played by guidelines for creating e-textbooks.
A COMPLEMENTARIDADE ENTRE A RACIONALIDADE SUBSTANTIVA E A AÇÃO COMUNICATIVA NA PRIMEIRA IGREJA EVANGÉLICA CONGREGACIONAL DE JOÃO PESSOA
Authors: Cavalcanti Hellen Taynan , Cavalcante Carlos Eduardo
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho aborda a complementaridade entre a Racionalidade Substantiva e a Ação Comunicativa em uma Igreja Congregacional. O objetivo é identificar como a complementaridade é praticada no âmbito administrativo da organização situando-se no locus das pesquisas da segunda geração dos trabalhos sobre Racionalidade. Para isso utilizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter descritivo a fim de identificar a aplicação das duas teorias e sua relação nas tensões organizacionais. A partir dos resultados, adaptou-se quadro de Serva para indicar a correspondência entre a Racionalidade Substantiva e a Ação Comunicativa. Os resultados mostram que os fatores de uma razão substantiva predominam nos aspectos extrínsecos minimizando os aspectos de tensão, mas no que se refere aos valores emancipatórios do homem, a igreja aproxima-se de uma razão instrumental por que exerce uma forte dominação ideológica que limita o comportamento dos sujeitos que trabalham na organização. Verificou-se ainda que a tensão entre a ação coletiva e a gestão tende a ser minimizada devido o elevado nível de Racionalidade Substantiva no processo decisório que aproxima os sujeitos por afinidade ideológica e enfatiza ações orientadas ao entendimento.

 

Palavras-Chave: Complementaridade; Racionalidade Substantiva; Ação Comunicativa.
Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease Involving Retroperitoneal Lymph Nodes: An Uncommon Presentation
Authors: Hon Jane , Vergara-Lluri Maria , Siddiqi Imran , Foss Christopher , Feinstein Donald , Brynes Russell
Published: March 2021

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is a self-limited disease of unknown etiology that is clinically defined by fevers accompanied by tender posterior cervical lymphadenopathy. It often presents acutely or sub-acutely, and due to its non-specific features, the differential diagnosis is broad and includes infectious, autoimmune, and malignant causes. Although cases of extra-cervical disease are not uncommon, involvement of retroperitoneal lymph nodes has only rarely been reported. Here, we describe a patient with Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease who presented with fever of unknown origin, abdominal pain, and enlarged hypermetabolic retroperitoneal lymph nodes.
Iris extramedullary hematopoiesis in choroidal melanoma
Authors: Gallo Beatrice , Al-Jamal Rana'a T. , Thaung Caroline , Cohen Victoria M. L.
Published: March 2021

PURPOSE:

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) usually occurs in patients with loss of bone marrow hematopoietic function, and in a vast majority of cases, it involves the liver, the spleen, or the lymph nodes. We report EMH in the iris of patients enucleated for choroidal melanoma (CM).

METHODS:

We report a series of three patients with CM, two treated with primary enucleation and one with secondary enucleation.

RESULTS:

Histopathology revealed EMH in the iris of all patients.

CONCLUSION:

EMH of the iris can be associated with CM in the absence of any hematological or systemic disorders. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first report of this abnormal histopathological finding.
Retained intracameral cotton fibers following phaco-vitrectomy
Authors: Weng Christina Y. , Lin Weijie V. , Morales Joseph F.
Published: March 2021

This report describes a 76-year-old female who presented with cotton fibers retained in the anterior chamber following a combined phaco-vitrectomy. These fibers did not cause any complications in her postoperative course. This observation has not been previously reported in association with a combined anterior segment-posterior segment surgery. Retained cotton fibers are typically inert and do not require intervention. However, this iatrogenic postoperative complication should be avoided if possible, and several approaches for how to do so are discussed.
Management outcomes of canalicular laceration in children
Authors: Alhammad Fatimah , Galindo-Ferreiro Alicia , Khandekar Rajiv , Al-Sheikh Osama , Alzaher Fatimah , Schellini Silvana
Published: March 2021

PURPOSE:

To report the epidemiological data, clinical profile, management, and outcomes of canalicular lacerations in the pediatric age group in a tertiary eye care hospital in Saudi Arabia.

METHODS:

This retrospective study evaluated pediatric patients who underwent canalicular laceration repair in the last 15 years at King Khalid Eye Specialist Hospital (KKESH), Saudi Arabia. Demographics, causes of injury, type of trauma, surgical approach, and outcomes were analyzed. The success of repair was defined as the absence of epiphora after canaliculus repair with negative dye disappearance test (DDT). Success within subgroups was compared. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS:

The study sample was comprised of 43 patients, with a median age of 6.35 years (range, 1.77–17.96 years). Most of the patients were males (69.8%). Sharp objects were the most common cause of canalicular laceration (46.5%), being 9 (20.9 %) caused by a metallic clothing hanger. Lower canaliculus was involved in 65.1%, upper canaliculus in 32.6%, and both canaliculi in 2.3% of patients. Canaliculus repair was performed with a bicanalicular stent in 58.1 % and monocanalicular stent in 41.9 % of patients. The success rate and risk of complications using bicanalicular or monocanalicular stent did not differ (P = 0.065). Functional success was achieved in 87.5% of patients.

CONCLUSION:

Canalicular laceration is common in male children, mainly affecting the lower canaliculus. There was no difference in success rate between monocanalicular and bicanalicular stent. As canalicular laceration could be related to social determinants, the main causes should be highlighted in community health education initiatives.
Comparing experiential versus conventional learning on knowledge retention for teaching surgery to medical graduates
Authors: Alkharashi Majed
Published: March 2021

PURPOSE:

The study aims to evaluate and see if experiential learning theory for teaching cataract surgery can improve the ability of students to retain more knowledge compared to the classical or traditional way of teaching.

METHODS:

A pre and post control group design of 32 graduates was conducted in 2016 at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia to examine the effect of experiential learning as an applicable way for teaching cataract surgery. The total of graduates including males and females were divided into control and experimental groups to which the educational materials about cataract surgery were presented as a lecture and as wet lab session respectively. All the data collected were entered in SPSS version 22 for analysis and a P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS:

Both control and experimental groups showed good retention rate of knowledge. However, the gain of knowledge was more in the Wet lab group. The scores mean increased more than 5 points in this group compared to 2.5 points only in the lecture groups.

CONCLUSION:

Both teaching modalities were effective in improving the knowledge rate of the students. However, in the experiential learning group (Wet lab group), the gain of knowledge was higher compared to that in the traditional group (lecture group).
Prevalence of laser refractive surgery among ophthalmologists in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsabaani Nasser , Alshehri Mohammed S. , AlFlan Mohammed A. , Awadalla Nabil J.
Published: March 2021

PURPOSE:

The primary aims of this study are to assess the prevalence of excimer laser refractive surgery among ophthalmologists in Saudi Arabia, evaluates the satisfaction rates among ophthalmologists who have undergone laser refractive surgery and whether they would recommend the procedure to their immediate family members.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional study surveyed ophthalmologist irrespective of specialty or subspecialty in Saudi Arabia. A self-reported survey tool has been used for data collection. Candidates were contacted by email and WhatsApp messages that introduced the nature of the study and an online link to a survey was included. For those who did not respond to the digital contact, direct survey interviews were conducted at an Ophthalmology conference in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2018.

RESULTS:

The final study sample was comprised of 183 ophthalmologists. Most of them 107 (58%) reported that they currently are performing laser refractive surgery. There were 73 (39.89%) ophthalmologist who self-reported that they are emmetropic, 110 (60.11%) self-reported themselves as ametropic, not including presbyopia. Of the 110 ophthalmologists with refractive errors, 52 (47.27%) were candidate for laser refractive surgery for myopia, hyperopia or astigmatism. Most of non- candidates attributed the non-candidacy to non- specific reasons and dry eye. Of the 52 participants who reported themselves as candidates for laser refractive surgery, 20 (38.46%) reported that they had undergone laser refractive surgery, and 32 (61.54%) had not. Most of them (50%) reported that they “like to wear glasses or contact lenses. In general, 14 (70%) reported complete satisfaction with the postoperative outcome. Of all ophthalmologists participated in the study, 94% would advise laser refractive surgery to their first-degree relatives.

CONCLUSION:

Excimer laser vision correction among ophthalmologists in Saudi is much higher than the market penetration in the general population reported in other countries. Most of the ophthalmologists who underwent the procedure were satisfied with the outcome.
Surgical removal of inadvertent intralenticular sustained-release dexamethasone implant (ozurdex) and implant one-piece posterior capsule intraocular lens
Authors: Albuainain Abdulrahman , Al Jindan Mohanna , Al Bloushi Bedoor
Published: March 2021

To report the therapeutic efficacy and results of an accidentally injected intralenticular sustained-release dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) in a patient with macular edema secondary to diabetic macular edema. Dexamethasone intravitreal implant is an approved formulation in the management of macular edema. The most common adversarial effects are an elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) and cataract, but the unintentional injection of the dexamethasone implant into the lens is a particularly rare event. We report a case of a 72-year-old man treated for resistant Diabetic macular edema (DME) with dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex, Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA) in which the technique was complicated by accidental implantation into the lens body and review the management. The patient underwent phacoemulsification of the lens, removal of the Ozurdex, intravitreal Avastin injection, and implant of a one-piece lens in the posterior capsule.