bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ciprofloxacin intercalated in fluorohectorite clay: identical pure drug activity and toxicity with higher adsorption and controlled release rate
Authors: dos Santos E. C. , Rozynek Z. , Hansen E. L. , Hartmann-Petersen R. , Klitgaard R. N. , Løbner-Olesen A. , Michels L. , Mikkelsen A. , Plivelic T. S. , Bordallo H. N. , Fossum J. O.
Published: May 2017

We present the use of the synthetic clay fluorohectorite (Fh) as a drug delivery system of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. The adsorption capacity is very high, and Fh promotes controlled drug release without changing drug effectiveness and toxicity.
Recent advances in photoinduced glycosylation: oligosaccharides, glycoconjugates and their synthetic applications
Authors: Sangwan Rekha , Mandal Pintu Kumar
Published: May 2017

Carbohydrates have been demonstrated to perform imperative act in biological processes. This review highlights recent uses of photoinduced glycosylation in carbohydrate chemistry for the synthesis of oligosaccharides, thiosugars, glycoconjugates and glycoprotein.
A high performance wire-shaped flexible lithium-ion battery based on silicon nanoparticles within polypyrrole/twisted carbon fibers
Authors: Rao Jiangyu , Liu Nishuang , Li Luying , Su Jun , Long Fei , Zou Zhengguang , Gao Yihua
Published: May 2017

Interconnected Si/PPy/CF electrode was made byin situpolymerization method and used in the wire-shaped lithium ion battery. The electrode exhibited superior electrochemical properties and flexible ability.
Encapsulation and release of Beauveria bassiana from alginate–bentonite nanocomposite
Authors: Batista D. P. C. , de Oliveira I. N. , Ribeiro A. R. B. , Fonseca E. J. S. , Santos-Magalhães N. S. , de Sena-Filho J. G. , Teodoro A. V. , Grillo L. A. M. , de Almeida R. S. , Dornelas Camila B.
Published: May 2017

The present manuscript brings new information regarding the advantages of the encapsulation ofB. bassianain alginate matrices containing bentonite, such as conidia protection, swelling degree, and release kinetics.
Vesicles: self-assembly beyond biological lipids
Authors: Sapala Appa Rao , Dhawan Sameer , Haridas V.
Published: May 2017

This review presents an overview of synthetic systems that self-assemble to form vesicles.
Synthesis and application of a MOF-derived Ni@C catalyst by the guidance from an in situ hot stage in TEM
Authors: Xu Dan , Pan Ying , Chen Mingyi , Pan Qinying , Zhu Liangkui , Xue Ming , Zhang Daliang , Fang Qianrong , Qiu Shilun
Published: May 2017

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as a class of crystalline porous solids have attracted considerable attention due to their promising potential performance.
Temperature controlled shape evolution of iron oxide nanostructures in HMTA media
Authors: Zhao Bin , Ryan Kevin M. , O'Reilly Emmet , McCarthy Conor
Published: May 2017

HMTA assisted morphological evolution of iron oxide (alkoxide) nanostructures only by altering the reaction temperature in a single synthetic protocol.
Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel angiotensin II receptor 1 antagonists with antihypertensive activities
Authors: Bao Xiao-Lu , Zhu Wei-Bo , Shan Tian-Li , Wu Zhuo , Zhang Rui-Jing , Liao Ping-Yong , Zheng Mei-Zhen , Tang He-Sheng , Yan Yi-Jia , Chen Zhi-Long
Published: May 2017

A novel Ang II receptor 1 antagonist 1f was found to be an efficient, long-acting and safe antihypertensive drug candidate.
Pressure-induced ionic liquid crystal in 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate
Authors: Zhu Xiang , Li Haining , Wang Zheng , Yuan Chaosheng , Zhu Pinwen , Su Lei , Yang Kun , Wu Jie , Yang Guoqiang , Li Xiaodong
Published: May 2017

The phase behaviors of 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C12MIM][BF4]) had been investigated by means of Raman spectroscopy and polarized optical microscopy under pressure values up to 2.0 GPa at the temperature of 80.0 °C.
Improving the cyclability performance of lithium-ion batteries by introducing lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO2F2) additive
Authors: Yang Guanghua , Shi Junli , Shen Cai , Wang Shuwei , Xia Lan , Hu Huasheng , Luo Hao , Xia Yonggao , Liu Zhaoping
Published: May 2017

The cyclability of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is often affected by the components of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer which is generated from electrochemical decomposition of electrolyte.
Direct conversion of carbohydrates to diol by the combination of niobic acid and a hydrophobic ruthenium catalyst
Authors: Duan Ying , Zhang Jun , Li Dongmi , Deng Dongsheng , Ma Lu-Fang , Yang Yanliang
Published: May 2017

A variety of carbohydrates were converted to tetrahydro-2,5-furandimethanol in one step by the combination of Ru/SiO2-TM and Nb2O5-FP.
Solution processed double-decked V2Ox/PEDOT:PSS film serves as the hole transport layer of an inverted planar perovskite solar cell with high performance
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , He Tingwei , Liu Kaikai , Zhi Qinqin , Yuan Mingjian
Published: May 2017

Solution processed double-decked V2Ox/PEDOT:PSS HTL film can effectively improve optoelectronic properties of PSC devices.
Correction: Modified chemical synthesis of MnS nanoclusters on nickel foam for high performance all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Kumbhar Vijay S. , Lee Yong Rok , Ra Choon Sup , Tuma Dirk , Min Bong-Ki , Shim Jae-Jin
Published: May 2017

Correction for ‘Modified chemical synthesis of MnS nanoclusters on nickel foam for high performance all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors’ by Vijay S. Kumbhar et al., RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 16 348–16 359.
Desulfination by 2′-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate desulfinase proceeds via electrophilic aromatic substitution by the cysteine-27 proton
Authors: Geronimo Inacrist , Nigam Shawn R. , Payne Christina M.
Published: May 2017

Density functional theory shows that the rate-limiting desulfination step in biodesulfurization involves concerted electrophilic substitution with the Cys-27 proton.
Chiral phosphine-mediated intramolecular [3 + 2] annulation: enhanced enantioselectivity by achiral Brønsted acid
Authors: Yao Weijun , Yu Zhaoyuan , Wen Shan , Ni Huanzhen , Ullah Nisar , Lan Yu , Lu Yixin
Published: May 2017

Enantioselective intramolecular [3 + 2] annulation of chalcone–allenes catalyzed by amino acid-derived phosphines and achiral Brønsted acids has been developed.
Predicting electronic structure properties of transition metal complexes with neural networks
Authors: Janet Jon Paul , Kulik Heather J.
Published: May 2017

Our neural network predicts spin-state ordering of transition metal complexes to near-chemical accuracy with respect to DFT reference.
Facile synthesis of bio-fuel from glycerol over zinc aluminium phosphate nanoplates
Authors: Viswanadham Nagabhatla , Saxena Sandeep K. , Sreenivasulu P.
Published: May 2017

Crystalline ZnAlPO4 nanoplates exhibiting hexagonal and square planar synthesized by using the TPABr in minute amounts with a shorter synthesis time of 24 h. The materials exhibited the highest ever reported catalytic activity to produce 98 wt% fuel from glycerol.
Highly active and durable nitrogen doped-reduced graphene oxide/double perovskite bifunctional hybrid catalysts
Authors: Kim Nam-In , Afzal Rana Arslan , Choi Sung Ryul , Lee Sung Won , Ahn Docheon , Bhattacharjee Satadeep , Lee Seung-Cheol , Kim Jung Hyun , Park Jun-Young
Published: May 2017

A-site cation doping in perovskite-based materials (ABO3 formula) has a significant effect on the bifunctional oxygen activity of the electrocatalysts with chemical stability, enabling the design of highly active, durable, and cost-effective catalysts.
A correlation between formation enthalpy and ionic conductivity in perovskite-structured Li3xLa0.67−xTiO3 solid lithium ion conductors
Authors: Guo Xin , Maram Pardha Saradhi , Navrotsky Alexandra
Published: May 2017

The formation enthalpies of perovskite-structured lithium lanthanum titanate (LLTO) Li3xLa0.67−xTiO3 (compositions x = 0.04 to 0.15) are exothermic and subject to two regimes with structural transformation.
Influence of the synthesis conditions on the crystal structure and properties of GdBaCo2−xFexO5+δ oxides as air-electrodes for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Muñoz-Gil Daniel , Pérez-Coll Domingo , Urones-Garrote Esteban , Amador Ulises , García-Martín Susana
Published: May 2017

GdBaCo2−xFexO5+δ oxides show crystal structures and ASR values dependent on the composition and synthesis atmosphere. A new modulation of the structure is found for the material with x = 0.6.
Highly active and stable Er0.4Bi1.6O3 decorated La0.76Sr0.19MnO3+δ nanostructured oxygen electrodes for reversible solid oxide cells
Authors: Ai Na , Li Na , He Shuai , Cheng Yi , Saunders Martin , Chen Kongfa , Zhang Teng , Jiang San Ping
Published: May 2017

A directly assembled ESB decorated LSM nanostructured electrode exhibits high electrocatalytic activity and excellent stability in reversible solid oxide cell mode.
Electrochemical synthesis of the allotrope allo-Ge and investigations on its use as an anode material
Authors: Scherf L. M. , Hattendorff J. , Buchberger I. , Geier S. , Gasteiger H. A. , Fässler T. F.
Published: May 2017

Due to the high lithium-ion mobility and high theoretical capacity, α-Ge is an interesting candidate for anode materials. For the first time this is now also investigated for the novel allotrope allo-Ge.
Hollow carbon nanospheres for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics in breast cancer therapy
Authors: Zhang Lingmin , Wang Peng , Zheng Wenfu , Jiang Xingyu
Published: May 2017

Functional hollow carbon nanospheres were prepared and antibody modified, which improved the targeted delivery of anti-tumor drug.
High-quality single-layer nanosheets of MS2(M = Mo, Nb, Ta, Ti) directly exfoliated from AMS2(A = Li, Na, K) crystals
Authors: Guo Chenguang , Li Hui , Zhao Wei , Pan Jie , Lin Tianquan , Xu Jijian , Chen Mingwei , Huang Fuqiang
Published: May 2017

A novel general strategy is developed to obtain high-quality transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets with excellent transport properties.
Metal-enhanced fluorescence of gold nanoclusters adsorbed onto Ag@SiO2core–shell nanoparticles
Authors: Kim Joon Ki , Jang Du-Jeon
Published: May 2017

The metal-enhanced fluorescence of Au25-adsorbed Ag@SiO2nanoparticles is due to the increase of the radiative decay rate constant.
Introduction to the human gut microbiota
Authors: Thursby Elizabeth , Juge Nathalie
Published: May 2017

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbours a complex and dynamic population of microorganisms, the gut microbiota, which exert a marked influence on the host during homeostasis and disease. Multiple factors contribute to the establishment of the human gut microbiota during infancy. Diet is considered as one of the main drivers in shaping the gut microbiota across the life time. Intestinal bacteria play a crucial role in maintaining immune and metabolic homeostasis and protecting against pathogens. Altered gut bacterial composition (dysbiosis) has been associated with the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases and infections. The interpretation of these studies relies on a better understanding of inter-individual variations, heterogeneity of bacterial communities along and across the GI tract, functional redundancy and the need to distinguish cause from effect in states of dysbiosis. This review summarises our current understanding of the development and composition of the human GI microbiota, and its impact on gut integrity and host health, underlying the need for mechanistic studies focusing on host–microbe interactions.
The mechanism of activation of IRAK1 and IRAK4 by interleukin-1 and Toll-like receptor agonists
Authors: Vollmer Stefan , Strickson Sam , Zhang Tinghu , Gray Nathanael , Lee Katherine L. , Rao Vikram R. , Cohen Philip
Published: May 2017

We have developed the first assays that measure the protein kinase activities of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and IRAK4 reliably in human cell extracts, by employing Pellino1 as a substrate in conjunction with specific pharmacological inhibitors of IRAK1 and IRAK4. We exploited these assays to show that IRAK4 was constitutively active and that its intrinsic activity towards Pellino1 was not increased significantly by stimulation with interleukin-1 (IL-1) in IL-1R-expressing HEK293 cells, Pam3CSK4-stimulated human THP1 monocytes or primary human macrophages. Our results, in conjunction with those of other investigators, suggest that the IL-1-stimulated trans-autophosphorylation of IRAK4 is initiated by the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88-induced dimerization of IRAK4 and is not caused by an increase in the intrinsic catalytic activity of IRAK4. In contrast with IRAK4, we found that IRAK1 was inactive in unstimulated cells and converted into an active protein kinase in response to IL-1 or Pam3CSK4 in human cells. Surprisingly, the IL-1-stimulated activation of IRAK1 was not affected by pharmacological inhibition of IRAK4 and not reversed by dephosphorylation and/or deubiquitylation, suggesting that IRAK1 catalytic activity is not triggered by a covalent modification but by an allosteric mechanism induced by its interaction with IRAK4.
The human RNA-binding protein RBFA promotes the maturation of the mitochondrial ribosome
Authors: Rozanska Agata , Richter-Dennerlein Ricarda , Rorbach Joanna , Gao Fei , Lewis Richard J. , Chrzanowska-Lightowlers Zofia M. , Lightowlers Robert N.
Published: May 2017

Accurate assembly and maturation of human mitochondrial ribosomes is essential for synthesis of the 13 polypeptides encoded by the mitochondrial genome. This process requires the correct integration of 80 proteins, 1 mt (mitochondrial)-tRNA and 2 mt-rRNA species, the latter being post-transcriptionally modified at many sites. Here, we report that human ribosome-binding factor A (RBFA) is a mitochondrial RNA-binding protein that exerts crucial roles in mitoribosome biogenesis. Unlike its bacterial orthologue, RBFA associates mainly with helices 44 and 45 of the 12S rRNA in the mitoribosomal small subunit to promote dimethylation of two highly conserved consecutive adenines. Characterization of RBFA-depleted cells indicates that this dimethylation is not a prerequisite for assembly of the small ribosomal subunit. However, the RBFA-facilitated modification is necessary for completing mt-rRNA maturation and regulating association of the small and large subunits to form a functional monosome implicating RBFA in the quality control of mitoribosome formation.
The Trifocus Framework and Interprofessional Collaborative Practice in Severe Disabilities
Authors: Bruce Susan M. , Bashinski Susan M.
Published: May 2017

Purpose

Individuals with severe disabilities are a diverse group of learners with complex communication needs. This article presents a synthesis of the literature addressing the five strategies of the trifocus framework, with its triadic structure of learner with disability, communication partner, and environment. The application of interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) to the implementation of trifocus framework communication strategies is emphasized.

Method

A literature search was conducted using Google Scholar and EBSCO to identify literature and research studies on IPCP and communication intervention for learners with severe disabilities, published 1994–2015, and then organized within the trifocus framework. The trifocus strategies are enhancing sensitivity, utilizing routines, increasing communication opportunities, modifying the communication environment, and augmenting input. Studies that included at least one participant with severe disabilities and their communication partners were considered. A secondary search was then conducted by reviewing the articles referenced in the original articles.

Conclusion

Effective IPCP in communication intervention considers the learner's characteristics, the knowledge and skills required of communication partners, and effective environmental arrangements to support communication. Future research should include clear participant descriptions, documentation of fidelity measures, and evidence of generalization to support professionals to know when findings are relevant to the individuals they serve.
Effective Team Practices: Interprofessional Contributions to Communication Issues With a Parent's Perspective
Authors: Cooper-Duffy Karena , Eaker Kerri
Published: May 2017

Purpose

This clinical focus article contains a detailed description of how to build effective teams that use interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) with special-education professionals, speech-language pathologists, and families of children with severe disabilities.

Method

This clinical focus article provides information on using the essential elements of team building and IPCP to provide quality care to families who have children with severe disabilities. The 6 essential elements for team building are described, with suggestions for including families in each: goal-setting, roles and responsibilities, effective and efficient process, communication and interpersonal relationships, collaborative problem solving, and evaluation. The 4 competency domains of IPCP are embedded into each of the team-building elements to demonstrate how teams can implement IPCP.

Results

A case study illustrates the difficulty one parent experienced working with a team across the 6 essential team-building elements when seeking communication services for her child with severe disabilities.

Conclusions

Building teams with IPCP can be effective for including families and creating high-quality outcomes for individuals with severe disabilities.
Cotreatment as a Vehicle for Interprofessional Collaborative Practice: Physical Therapists and Speech-Language Pathologists Collaborating in the Care of Children With Severe Disabilities
Authors: Sylvester Lorraine , Ogletree Billy T. , Lunnen Karen
Published: May 2017

Purpose

This article defines interprofessional collaborative practice and links its key features with accepted practice conceptualizations of physical therapy. Cotreatment with speech-language pathology is described as a vehicle for interprofessional collaborative practice for children with severe disabilities.

Method

The article reviews the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (WHO, 2015) and the Hypothesis-Oriented Algorithm for Clinicians II (Rothstein, Echternach, & Riddle, 2003) as existing service-delivery frameworks in physical therapy and discusses how interprofessional collaborative practice between speech-language pathologists and physical therapists can be useful within these practice guidelines.

Results

A case illustration featuring interprofessional collaborative practice during cotreatment for a child with severe disabilities through physical therapy and speech-language pathology showed more seamless care and better progress in the pursuit of three main goals: physical movement, communication of needs, and participation in classroom activities.

Conclusions

Interprofessional collaborative practice is supported as a recommended practice methodology for physical therapists and speech-language pathologists serving persons with severe disabilities.
Platelet-Rich Plasma in Reconstruction of Posterior Meatal Wall after Canal Wall Down Mastoidectomy
Authors: Elbary Mohammad El-Sayed Abd , Nasr Wail Fayez , Sorour Samir Sorour
Published: May 2017

Introduction Canal wall down (CWD) mastoidectomy has many drawbacks, including chronic otorrhea not responding to medications, granulations, dizziness on exposure to cold or hot water, and tendency of debris accumulation in the mastoid cavity, demanding periodic cleaning. Many of these problems can be solved by reconstruction of the posterior meatal wall (PMW).

Objectives To assess the results of PMW reconstruction after CWD mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma using titanium mesh and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) mixed with bone pate.

Methods This study was conducted with 20 patients that have atticoantral chronic suppurative otitis media. All cases were subjected to CWD mastoid surgery with complete elimination of the disease and reconstruction of the PMW by titanium mesh and the mixture of PRP with bone pate. All patients were exposed to a full preoperative evaluation and full postoperative assessment of the complications, the appearance of the external auditory canal contour, and the hearing gain expressed by the change of the air bone gap postoperatively.

Results The PMW reconstructed by titanium mesh and the mixture of PRP with bone pate showed a smooth contour. During the follow-up of 12 to 36 months, the postoperative appearance of the external auditory canal contour was found to be smooth without hidden pouches, irregularities or stenosis in all cases. No granulation, foreign body reaction, or extrusion and/or displacement of the titanium mesh were registered. No facial palsy or recurrent cholesteatoma was reported.

Conclusion The surgical reconstruction of the PMW using PRP, bone pate and titanium mesh after CWD mastoidectomy appears to be reliable without considerable complications, giving a smooth appearance to the PMW.
Short-Term Audiological Results of Diode Laser in Comparison with Manual Perforation in Stapes Surgery
Authors: Hamerschmidt Rogerio , Saab Stephanie , Carvalho Bettina , Carmo Carolina
Published: May 2017

Introduction Diode laser is a new alternative in stapes surgery for otosclerosis. The present study is the first to compare the short-term results of the surgery performed using diode laser to those obtained through the conventional fenestration technique.

Objective To use audiometry to establish a comparative analysis between the functional results obtained through surgery for otosclerosis using diode laser and the conventional technique.

Method Audiometric evaluation of 12 patients submitted to stapes surgery for otosclerosis, using diode laser or conventional fenestration by needle and drills, between 2014 and 2015. Each group was composed of 6 patients. Pre and post-operative measures were compared for three months in both groups. The speech recognition threshold, the air and bone conduction threshold, as well as the gap between them at 500 Hz, 1 KHz, 2 KHz and 4 KHz were measured.

Results Significant difference in bone conduction and SRT was observed when compared post- and preoperative results in the diode group. However diode and conventional technique groups presented significant differences in air conduction and air-bone gap, suggesting that both can provide functional improvement.

Conclusion Laser stapedotomy is a safe technique with good results. Both laser surgery and the conventional technique have improved the hearing of patients with a discreet advantage for the diode laser. Further prospective and randomized clinical trials are required to disclose all possible benefits of the stapes surgery using diode laser.
The Effects of Prognostic Factors in Idiopathic Sudden Hearing Loss
Authors: Bulğurcu Suphi , Şahin Behçet , Akgül Gökhan , Arslan İlker , Çukurova İbrahim
Published: May 2017

Introduction Sudden hearing loss is one of the otologic emergencies. The treatment of this disease is affected negatively by some prognostic factors.

Objective In this study, the effects of early treatment initiation in patients with idiopathic sudden hearing loss and of prognostic factors in early treated patients were investigated.

Methods Out of the 216 patients admitted between September 2007 and September 2015, 154 were identified as having idiopathic sudden hearing loss; they were followed-up for a mean time of 7.4 months, and evaluated retrospectively. The effects of several parameters on the success of the treatment were statistically evaluated, such as the time the treatment was initiated, being of the female gender, the severity of the hearing loss, having descending type audiogram patterns, being older than 60 years old, and the co-presence of vertigo.

Results Success rates were found to be significantly higher in idiopathic hearing loss patients that were admitted within the first week (p < 0.05) of the onset of the hearing loss. However, the outcomes were found to be similar when patients admitted within the first 3 days and 4–7 days after the occurrence of the hearing loss were compared (p > 0.05). Parameters such as female gender, severe hearing loss, descending type audiogram, being older than 60 years old, and co-presence of vertigo didn't reveal statistically significant effects on the outcome (p >0.05).

Conclusion The aforementioned prognostic factors, which are well-known in the literature, did not have significant effects when the idiopathic sudden hearing loss treatment was initiated within the first 7 days of the onset of the hearing loss.
Expression and Histopathological Significance of Disabled-2 in Aldosterone-Producing Adenoma
Authors: Li Ping , Zhang Min , Ma Jian-Qiang , Sun Qi , Liu Guang-Xiang , Zhao Xiao-Zhi , Feng Wen-Huan , Shen Shan-Mei , Guo Hong-Qian , Zhu Da-Long
Published: May 2017

The current pathological diagnosis of aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) is challenging because no histological markers of aldosterone production are available in routine practice. A previous study demonstrated that Disabled-2 (DAB2) is a specific marker of the zona glomerulosa (ZG) in rodents. The aim of the present study was to investigate the significance of immunohistochemical staining to detect DAB2 in the adrenal tissue of patients with APA. We investigated the expression of DAB2 in 36 adrenal glands with APA, 23 adrenal glands with cortisol-producing adenoma (CPA), and 33 adrenal glands with non-functioning adenoma (NFA). Immunohistochemical staining was performed using anti-DAB2 antibodies on paraffin-embedded sections. We analysed the expression of DAB2 semi-quantitatively by scoring staining intensity, and assessed the correlation of this information with the clinical findings. DAB2 mRNA expression in adenoma tissues was evaluated by RT-PCR. DAB2 was highly expressed in the ZG in normal human adrenal glands. DAB2 expression was heterogeneous in APA, with spotted, strong staining noted in most samples (25 of 36 APA). CPA and NFA also exhibited extensive low or moderate DAB2 expression. DAB2 mRNA was significantly increased and positively correlated with CYP11B2 in APA (p<0.05). In APA, the DAB2 score adjusted for tumour volume was positively correlated with plasma aldosterone (p<0.05). Patients with low or moderate DAB2 staining more frequently exhibited high blood pressure and were diagnosed at a younger age compared with patients with high DAB2 staining. The present study clearly demonstrates that DAB2 is a specific marker of the ZG in normal human adrenal glands but that DAB2 immunostaining is not sufficiently powerful for histopathological diagnosis of APA. DAB2 might be involved in excessive aldosterone biosynthesis and correlate with specific clinical characteristics of APA patients.
Iso-duration Determination of D′ and CS under Laboratory and Field Conditions
Authors: Triska Christoph , Karsten Bettina , Nimmerichter Alfred , Tschan Harald
Published: May 2017

Whilst Critical Speed (CS) has been successfully translated from the laboratory into the field, this translation is still outstanding for the related maximum running distance (D′). Using iso-duration exhaustive laboratory and field runs, this study investigated the potential interchangeable use of both parameters, D′ and CS. After an incremental exercise test, 10 male participants (age: 24.9±2.1 yrs; height: 180.8±5.8 cm; body mass: 75.3±8.6 kg; V̇ ˙VO2peak 52.9±3.1 mL∙min−1∙kg−1) performed 3 time-to-exhaustion runs on a treadmill followed by 3 exhaustive time-trial runs on a-400 m athletics outdoor track. Field time-trial durations were matched to their respective laboratory time-to-exhaustion runs. D′ and CS were calculated using the inverse-time model (speed=D′/t+CS). Laboratory and field values of D′ and CS were not significantly different (221±7 m vs. 225±72 m; P=0.73 and 3.75±0.36 m∙s−1 vs. 3.77±0.35 m∙s−1, P=0.68), and they were significantly correlated (r=0.86 and 0.94). The 95% LoA were ±75.5 m and ±0.24 m∙s−1 for D′ and CS, respectively. Applying iso-durations provides non-significant differences for D′ and CS and a significant correlation between conditions. This novel translation method can consequently be recommended to coaches and practitioners, however a questionable level of agreement indicates to use D′ with caution.
Neue thixotrope Silikonöle – der Nutzen der Ketchupflasche für die Silikonöltamponade
Authors: Klameth Christian , Kunzmann Berenike , Schultheiß Maximilian , Daniels Rolf , Klameth Nelli , Spitzer Martin
Published: May 2017

Silikonöltamponaden sollen mit einer vernünftigen Geschwindigkeit und unter angemessenen Druckbedingungen ins Auge injiziert und wieder entfernt werden können. Aufgrund immer kleinerer Querschnitte der Inzisionen müssen hochviskose Öle unter zunehmend hohem Druck injiziert und extrahiert werden. Um Problemen, wie längeren Behandlungszeiten oder Hypotonie, begegnen zu können, wurden thixotrope Öle entwickelt. Diese Öle zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass ihre Viskosität infolge einer kontinuierlichen mechanischen Belastung abnimmt. Solange also Druck oder Sog auf die hier vorgestellten Öle einwirken, werden die Öle dünnflüssiger und fließen deutlich besser. Lässt die mechanische Beanspruchung nach, kehrt die Viskosität zu ihrem ursprünglichen Wert zurück.
Human Epicardial Fat Expresses Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 and 2 Receptors Genes
Authors: Iacobellis Gianluca , Camarena Vladimir , Sant David , Wang Gaofeng
Published: May 2017

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is an easily measurable visceral fat of the heart with unique anatomy, functionality, and transcriptome. EAT can serve as a therapeutic target for pharmaceutical agents targeting the fat. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-2 analogues are newer drugs showing beneficial cardiovascular and metabolic effects. Whether EAT expresses GLP- 1 and 2 receptors (GLP-1R and GLP-2R) is unknown. RNA-seq analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were performed to evaluate the presence of GLP-1R and GLP-2R in EAT and subcutaneous fat (SAT) obtained from 8 subjects with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing elective cardiac surgery. Immunofluorescence was also performed on EAT and SAT samples using Mab3f52 against GLP-1R. Our RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis showed that EAT expresses both GLP-1R and GLP-2R genes. qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that GLP-1R expression was low but detected by 2 different sets of intron-spanning primers. GLP-2R expression was detected in all patients and was found to be 5-fold higher than GLP-1R. The combination of accurately spliced reads from RNA-seq and successful amplification using intron-spanning primers indicates that both GLP-1R and GLP-2R are expressed in EAT. Immunofluorescence clearly showed that GLP-1R is present and more abundant in EAT than SAT. This is the first time that human EAT is found to express both GLP-1R and GLP-2R genes. Pharmacologically targeting EAT may induce beneficial cardiovascular and metabolic effects.
Generating circularly polarized radiation in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range at the free-electron laser FLASH
Authors: von Korff Schmising Clemens , Weder David , Noll Tino , Pfau Bastian , Hennecke Martin , Strüber Christian , Radu Ilie , Schneider Michael , Staeck Steffen , Günther Christian M. , Lüning Jan , Merhe Alaa el dine , Buck Jens , Hartmann Gregor , Viefhaus Jens , Treusch Rolf , Eisebitt Stefan
Published: May 2017

A new device for polarization control at the free electron laser facility FLASH1 at DESY has been commissioned for user operation. The polarizer is based on phase retardation upon reflection off metallic mirrors. Its performance is characterized in three independent measurements and confirms the theoretical predictions of efficient and broadband generation of circularly polarized radiation in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range from 35 eV to 90 eV. The degree of circular polarization reaches up to 90% while maintaining high total transmission values exceeding 30%. The simple design of the device allows straightforward alignment for user operation and rapid switching between left and right circularly polarized radiation.
The fate of the tert-butyl radical in low-temperature autoignition reactions
Authors: Moore Kevin B. , Turney Justin M. , Schaefer Henry F.
Published: May 2017

Alkyl combustion models depend on kinetic parameters derived from reliable experimental or theoretical energetics that are often unavailable for larger species. To this end, we have performed a comprehensive investigation of the tert-butyl radical (R• in this paper) autoignition pathways. CCSD(T)/ANO0 geometries and harmonic vibrational frequencies were obtained for key stationary points for the R• + O2 and QOOH + O2 mechanisms. Relative energies were computed to chemical accuracy (±1 kcal mol−1) via extrapolation of RCCSD(T) energies to the complete basis-set limit, or usage of RCCSD(T)-F12 methods. At 0 K, the minimum energy R• + O2 pathway involves direct elimination of HO2∙ (30.3 kcal mol−1 barrier) from the tert-butyl peroxy radical (ROO•) to give isobutene. This pathway lies well below the competing QOOH-forming intramolecular hydrogen abstraction pathway (36.2 kcal mol−1 barrier) and ROO• dissociation (35.9 kcal mol−1 barrier). The most favorable decomposition channel for QOOH radicals leads to isobutene oxide (12.0 kcal mol−1 barrier) over isobutene (18.6 kcal mol−1 barrier). For the QOOH + O2 pathways, we studied the transition states and initial products along three pathways: (1) α-hydrogen abstraction (42.0 kcal mol−1 barrier), (2) γ-hydrogen abstraction (27.0 kcal mol−1 barrier), and (3) hydrogen transfer to the peroxy moiety (24.4 kcal mol−1 barrier). The barrier is an extensive modification to the previous 18.7 kcal mol−1 value and warrants further study. However, it is still likely that the lowest energy QOOH + O2 pathway corresponds to pathway (3). We found significant spin contamination and/or multireference character in multiple stationary points, especially for transition states stemming from QOOH. Lastly, we provide evidence for an A∼–X∼ surface crossing at a Cs-symmetric, intramolecular hydrogen abstraction structure.
Systematically expanding nondirect product bases within the pruned multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree (MCTDH) method: A comparison with multi-layer MCTDH
Authors: Wodraszka Robert , Carrington Tucker
Published: May 2017

We propose a pruned multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree (MCTDH) method with systematically expanding nondirect product bases and use it to solve the time-independent Schrödinger equation. No pre-determined pruning condition is required to select the basis functions. Using about 65 000 basis functions, we calculate the first 69 vibrational eigenpairs of acetonitrile, CH3CN, to an accuracy better than that achieved in a previous pruned MCTDH calculation which required more than 100 000 basis functions. In addition, we compare the new pruned MCTDH method with the established multi-layer MCTDH (ML-MCTDH) scheme and determine that although ML-MCTDH is somewhat more efficient when low or intermediate accuracy is desired, pruned MCTDH is more efficient when high accuracy is required. In our largest calculation, the vast majority of the energies have errors smaller than 0.01 cm−1.
Real-time observation of multi-mode vibronic coherence in pentafluoropyridine
Authors: Kus J. A. , Hüter O. , Temps F.
Published: May 2017

The ultrafast dynamics of pentafluoropyridine in the 1 1B2 (ππ*) electronic state excited at λpump = 255 nm is investigated by femtosecond time-resolved time-of-flight mass spectrometry and photoelectron imaging spectroscopy. A pronounced, long-lived, and complex periodic modulation of the transient ion yield signal with contributions by four distinct frequency components, 72 cm−1, 144 cm−1, 251 cm−1, and 281 cm−1, is observed for up to 9 ps. The recorded photoelectron images display a spectral band from the excited 1 1B2 (ππ*) state only in the oscillation maxima; the signal is strongly reduced in the oscillation minima. Supported by electronic structure calculations at the RI-SCS-CC2 and XMCQDPT2 levels of theory, the oscillating components of the signal are identified as frequencies of b1 symmetry coupling modes in a vibronic coherence of the 1 1B2 (ππ*) and 1 1A2 (πσ*) electronic states. The optical excitation initiates regular and periodic wavepacket motion along those out-of-plane modes. In the distorted molecular structure, the initially excited state acquires substantial πσ* character that modulates the transition dipole moment for ionization and results in the observed oscillations.
A versatile atomic force microscope integrated with a scanning electron microscope
Authors: Kreith J. , Strunz T. , Fantner E. J. , Fantner G. E. , Cordill M. J.
Published: May 2017

A versatile atomic force microscope (AFM), which can be installed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM), is introduced. The flexible design of the instrument enables correlated analysis for different experimental configurations, such as AFM imaging directly after nanoindentation in vacuum. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of the specially designed AFM installed inside a SEM, slip steps emanating around nanoindents in single crystalline brass were examined. This example showcases how the combination of AFM and SEM imaging can be utilized for quantitative dislocation analysis through the measurement of the slip step heights without the hindrance of oxide formation. Finally, an in situ nanoindentation technique is introduced, illustrating the use of AFM imaging during indentation experiments to examine plastic deformation occurring under the indenter tip. The mechanical indentation data are correlated to the SEM and AFM images to estimate the number of dislocations emitted to the surface.
Core-valence stockholder AIM analysis and its connection to nonadiabatic effects in small molecules
Authors: Amaral Paulo H. R. , Mohallem José R.
Published: May 2017

A previous theory of separation of motions of core and valence fractions of electrons in a molecule [J. R. Mohallem et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 501, 575 (2011)] is invoked as basis for the useful concept of Atoms-in-Molecules (AIM) in the stockholder scheme. The output is a new tool for the analysis of the chemical bond that identifies core and valence electron density fractions (core-valence stockholder AIM (CVSAIM)). One-electron effective potentials for each atom are developed, which allow the identification of the parts of the AIM which move along with the nuclei (cores). This procedure results in a general method for obtaining effective masses that yields accurate non-adiabatic corrections to vibrational energies, necessary to attain cm−1 accuracy in molecular spectroscopy. The clear-cut determination of the core masses is exemplified for either homonuclear (H2+, H2) or heteronuclear (HeH+, LiH) molecules. The connection of CVSAIM with independent physically meaningful quantities can resume the question of whether they are observable or not.
Acetylated bovine serum albumin differentially inhibits polymerase chain reaction in microdevices
Authors: Ramalingam Naveen , Warkiani Majid Ebrahimi , Gong Thomas Hai-Qing
Published: May 2017

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is widely used as an additive in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based microfluidic devices to passivate reactors and alleviate nucleic-acid amplification. BSA is available commercially in two types: either acetylated or non-acetylated. A survey of literature indicates that both types of BSA are used in PCR-based microfluidic devices. Our study results reveal that the use of acetylated BSA in PCR micro-devices leads to differential inhibition of PCR, compared to non-acetylated BSA. This result is noticed for the first time, and the differential inhibition generally goes un-noticed, as compared to complete PCR inhibition.
Response of complementary split ring resonators in composite stratified substrate integrated waveguide
Authors: Pérez-Escudero J. M. , Jarauta Eduardo , Falcone Francisco , Beruete Miguel
Published: May 2017

In this work, the behavior of a Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) operating within the quasi-static resonance regime and embedded in a composite stratified Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) with two different dielectric layers is analyzed. In these conditions, the propagating modes within the SIW combined with the imposed non-symmetrical structure lead to the excitation of the CSRR elements inside the SIW at difference with conventional excitation. Several cases of CSRR loaded SIW are proposed, and their electromagnetic field components as well as their frequency response are analyzed, providing insight into the CSRR resonance excitation. A test prototype has been designed, fabricated, and measured, showing a good agreement with simulation results and providing a new alternative for the implementation of compact frequency selective devices compatible with planar technology and without undesired radiation loss.
Pool boiling enhancement through contact line augmentation
Authors: Raghupathi P. A. , Kandlikar S. G.
Published: May 2017

In addition to transient conduction, microconvection, and microlayer evaporation, contact line region heat transfer has been identified as an important mode of heat transfer during boiling. In this work, we demonstrate that generating additional contact line regions within the base of a nucleating bubble leads to critical heat flux (CHF) enhancement. The creation of a liquid meniscus adjacent to 10–20 μm deep microgrooves in the bubble base area was responsible for the generation of the additional contact line regions. The depth of the microgrooves was determined such that a sufficient reservoir of liquid is present in the meniscus to sustain evaporation in the contact line region throughout the bubble cycle. The effective contact line length at the base of the bubble was seen to be a good indicator of the CHF (wetted area) over the surface. The microgroove geometry played a significant role in influencing the bubble dynamics and bubble departure diameter during boiling. It was seen that the bubbles were able to bridge and grow over the shallow microgrooves of 10–20 μm depth and generate additional contact line regions but were pinned and constrained within the grooves in the case of the microgrooves deeper than 100 μm. For shallow grooves, narrow grooves resulted in smaller bubbles, which in turn reduced the contact line length. The findings of this work could be used to design heat transfer surfaces that significantly enhance the contact line region contribution and CHF by placing shallow enhancement features on the surface of the heater.
Spatial angles sensitivity of Fe83Ga17/AlN/Mo/Si magnetoelectric device
Authors: Shi Jiaxing , Yin Liping , Lu Cifu , Zhu Jie
Published: May 2017

Magnetoelectric (ME) devices based on Fe-Ga/AlN/Mo thin films deposited on Si(100) substrates were prepared by magnetron sputtering. The cantilever device possessed a high magnetoelectric coefficient of 167.7 V/cm·Oe at its resonance frequency and exhibited anisotropic properties. More importantly, the magnetoelectric coefficient changed with the out-of-plane space angle, from 15 to 167.7 V/cm·Oe. After annealing under a 500-Oe magnetic field, the magnetic domains of the thin film partly remained in the field direction. Moreover, the anisotropic properties of the ME device significantly improved; the ME coefficient increased by 30% to 218 V/cm·Oe and became more sensitive to the in-plane angle. Thus, the ME device proposed in this work can be used to detect changes in spatial angles.
Quantitative measurements of dielectrophoresis in a nanoscale electrode array with an atomic force microscopy
Authors: Froberg James , Jayasooriya Vidura , You Seungyong , Nawarathna Dharmakeerthi , Choi Yongki
Published: May 2017

Nanoelectronic devices integrated with dielectrophoresis (DEP) have been promoted as promising platforms for trapping, separating, and concentrating target biomarkers and cancer cells from a complex medium. Here, we visualized DEP and DEP gradients in conventional nanoelectronic devices by using multi-pass atomic force microcopy techniques. Our measurements directly demonstrated a short range DEP only at sharp step edges of electrodes, frequency dependent DEP polarity, and separation distance dependent DEP strength. Additionally, non-uniform DEP along the edges of the electrodes due to a large variation in electric field strength was observed. The strength and apparent working distance of DEP were measured to be an order of a few nN and 80 nm within the limited scale of particles and other parameters such as an ionic strength of the medium. This method provides a powerful tool to quantify the strength and polarity of DEP and allows optimizing and calibrating the device's operating parameters including the driving field strength for the effective control and manipulation of target biomolecules.
The levels of peroxisomal catalase protein and activity modulate the onset of cell death in tobacco BY-2 cells via reactive oxygen species levels and autophagy
Authors: Tyutereva Elena V. , Dobryakova Ksenia S. , Schiermeyer Andreas , Shishova Maria F. , Pawlowski Katharina , Demidchik Vadim , Reumann Sigrun , Voitsekhovskaja Olga V.
Published: May 2017

In plant cells, peroxisomes participate in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS). One of the major regulators of cellular ROS levels – catalase (CAT) – occurs exclusively in peroxisomes. CAT activity is required for immunity-triggered autophagic programmed cell death (PCD). Autophagy has been recently demonstrated to represent a route for degradation of peroxisomes in plant cells. In the present study, the dynamics of the cellular peroxisome pool in tobacco BY-2 cell suspension cultures were used to analyse the effects of inhibition of basal autophagy with special attention to CAT activity. Numbers of peroxisomes per cell, levels of CAT protein and activity, cell viability, ROS levels and expression levels of genes encoding components of antioxidant system were analysed upon application of 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an inhibitor of autophagy, and/or aminotriazole (AT), an inhibitor of CAT. When applied separately, 3-MA and AT led to an increase in cell death, but this effect was attenuated by their simultaneous application. The obtained data suggest that both the levels of CAT protein in peroxisomes as well as CAT activity modulate the onset of cell death in tobacco BY-2 cells via ROS levels and autophagy.
Looplessness in networks is linked to trophic coherence
Authors: Johnson Samuel , Jones Nick S.
Published: May 2017

Significance

Complex systems such as cells, brains, or ecosystems are made up of many interconnected elements, each one acting on its neighbors, and sometimes influencing its own state via feedback loops. Certain biological networks have surprisingly few such loops. Although this may be advantageous in various ways, it is not known how feedback is suppressed. We show that trophic coherence, a structural property of ecosystems, is key to the extent of feedback in these as well as in many other systems, including networks related to genes, neurons, metabolites, words, computers, and trading nations. We derive mathematical expressions that provide a benchmark against which to examine empirical data, and conclude that “looplessness” in nature is probably a consequence of trophic coherence.
Loss of the homologous recombination gene
rad51
leads to Fanconi anemia-like symptoms in zebrafish
Authors: Botthof Jan Gregor , Bielczyk-Maczyńska Ewa , Ferreira Lauren , Cvejic Ana
Published: May 2017

Significance

The homologous recombination protein RAD51 has been extensively studied in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes. However, there is a significant lack of knowledge of the role of this protein and its regulation in an in vivo context in vertebrates. Here we report the first viable vertebrate mutant model of
rad51
in zebrafish. These mutant fish enabled us to confirm the recently discovered role of
RAD51
in Fanconi anemia pathogenesis. We report that p53-linked embryonic stem cell defects directly lead to hematological impairments later in life. Comutation of
rad51
with
p53
rescues the observed hematological defects, but predisposes the fish to early tumor development. The application of this model opens new possibilities to advance Fanconi anemia drug discovery.