bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology of multilingual skills formation of schoolchildren of the basic comprehensive school in the conditions of an additional modular general educational program “Linguistic Workshop”
Authors: Arakeylyan K. A. , Sorokovykh G. V.
Published: May 2024

Importance. The problem of the formation of a multilingual student’s personality is important and relevant for modern language education. The purpose of the study is to propose a technology for the formation of multilingual skills of schoolchildren (grades 5-9) based on a modular general development program for the study of languages and cultures in an additional training course.

Research Methods. Based on scientific literature theoretical analysis, the refined concept of “modular general educational program of additional education” as a means of multilingual skills forming of schoolchildren is presented. It is proved that a prerequisite for the multilingual skills formation of schoolchildren is their awareness of the value of their multilingual development, upbringing and development of a multilingual personality based on mastering socially significant experience, which is embodied in language knowledge and skills, language and speech activity. The main methods of polylinguistic skills’ formation are: comparative, communicative, method of control and self-control.

Results and Discussion. It is revealed and substantiated that the use of a modular general development program in an additional training course will allow developing the student’s multilingual personality, its linguistic thinking, and language ability, which arouses great interest in the didactic possibilities of the proposed technology.

Conclusion. The application of the research results can contribute to the development of new directions in linguodidactics and the design of an effective multilingual school environment.
Непараметричний метод оцінки частоти Доплера з урахуванням деформації обвідної й зсуву центральної частоти сигналу спотвореного мультиплікативною завадою
Authors: Костенко Павло Юрійович , Слободянюк Валерій Валерійович
Published: May 2024

У статті розглянуто непараметричний метод оцінки частоти Доплера широкосмугового сигналу з кодовою (цифровою) маніпуляцією фази, спотвореного мультиплікативною завадою. Оцінка частоти Доплера, яка призводить до деформації обвідної та зсуву несучої частоти, здійснювалась при відсутності апріорної інформації щодо щільності розподілу ймовірностей шумової складової в моделі прийнятого сигналу (спостереженні). Використано припущення, що шумова складова являє собою процес IID (Independent and Identically Distributed) — процес з незалежними та однаково розподіленими випадковими величинами («білий» шум). Запропонована цільова функція (ЦФ), яка для оцінки частоти Доплера використовує BDS-статистику нев’язок, тобто різницю між спостереженням та моделлю очікуваного сигналу. Мінімум ЦФ прийнято за оцінку параметра. Досліджені характеристики якості оцінки частоти Доплера у випадку мультиплікативних завад в спостереженні сигналу з різними розподілами ймовірностей: гаусівським, рівномірним, логістичним та розподілом Коші. Окрема увага приділена випадку, коли щільність розподілу імовірностей мультиплікативної завади характеризується «важкими хвостами». Проведено статистичне моделювання алгоритму оцінки частоти Доплера, що реалізує чисельну мінімізацію запропонованої цільової функції. Показано, що застосування BDS-статистики й запропонованої на її основі ЦФ дозволяє уникнути задання щільності розподілу мультиплікативної завади при визначенні частоти Доплера.
J. B. LIBANIO: A SABEDORIA DE UM TEÓLOGO-APRENDIZ
Authors: Adão Francys Silvestrini , Tavares Sinivaldo Silva
Published: May 2024

Este número da Perspectiva Teológica começa cedendo a palavra ao próprio João Batista Libanio, ao reproduzir uma reflexão retirada de um livro publicado nos últimos anos de sua vida. Nela aparecem elementos fundamentais do olhar apurado deste homem simples e profundo (1), companheiro de Jesus, nas pegadas de Inácio de Loyola (2), teólogo pós- -conciliar engajado (3), pastor com cheiro de ovelha, amigo dos homens e mulheres (4), professor criativo (5) e, por tudo isso, um buscador encantado com o Mistério de Deus e de Seu Reino no meio de nós (6). Destacamos, nas palavras desta citação, dois enfoques transversais em sua obra: o discernimento permanente sobre os lugares de luz, presentes na Igreja e na Sociedade, em meio às zonas sombrias da negação, das faltas e das carências; a linguagem parabólica e a sensibilidade poética, para nos estimular a assumir, com maior leveza, a exigente e intransferível tarefa que compete a cada um e cada uma de nós (...)
Level of Contamination of Positive Airway Pressure Devices Used in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Choi Jae Hyoung , Kwak Il-Youp , Kim Kyung Soo , Min Hyun Jin
Published: May 2024

Objectives. No study has yet evaluated the degree of contamination after the total disassembly of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices. We investigated the extent of contamination of CPAP devices used daily by patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by disassembling the systems and identifying the factors that influenced the degree of CPAP contamination.Methods. We conducted a chart review of the medical records of patients with OSA for whom the CPAP devices were disassembled and cleaned. Two skilled technicians photographed the levels of contamination of each component and scored them using a visual analog scale. Patients’ clinical characteristics and records of CPAP device usage were statistically analyzed to identify characteristics that were significantly associated with the degree of CPAP device contamination.Results. Among the 55 participants, both the external components, including the mask and tube, and the internal components, such as the humidifier and the interior of the main body, showed a substantial degree of contamination. The total and average daily duration of usage of the CPAP device did not show significant associations with the degree of contamination. Age was most consistently associated with the degree of contamination, such as in masks, humidifiers, and interior and exterior main parts. The degree of contamination of the internal components of the device was significantly correlated with the degree of contamination of the external components.Conclusion. Age-specific guidelines for managing the hygiene of external and internal CPAP components should be prepared.
Positional Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Periodic Limb Movements During Sleep: A Large Multicenter Study
Authors: Soh Jae Hyun , Kang Yun Jin , Yoon Won-Hyuck , Park Chan-Soon , Shin Hyun-Woo
Published: May 2024

Objectives. The relationships among positional obstructive sleep apnea (POSA), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) remain unclear. We investigated these relationships with respect to the severity of OSA and explored the underlying mechanisms.Methods. We retrospectively reviewed 6,140 eligible participants who underwent full-night diagnostic polysomnography at four clinical centers over a 5-year period, utilizing event-synchronized analysis. We evaluated the periodic limb movement index (PLMI) and the periodic limb movement with arousal index (PLMAI). The impacts of POSA on the PLMI, PLMAI, and PLMS were analyzed in relation to the severity of OSA.Results. The mean PLMI, the mean PLMAI, and the prevalence of PLMS were significantly lower in participants with severe OSA compared to the mild and moderate OSA groups. The mean PLMI among those with mild OSA exceeded that of control participants. Furthermore, the mean PLMI (4.8±12.7 vs. 2.6±9.8 events/hr, P<0.001), the mean PLMAI (0.9±3.7 vs. 0.5±3.3 events/hr, P<0.001), and the prevalence of PLMS (11% vs. 5.3%, P<0.001) were higher in patients with POSA than in those with non-positional OSA. This PLMS finding was particularly pronounced among those with severe OSA (odds ratio [OR], 1.554; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.065–2.267) and was less evident in the mild (OR, 0.559; 95% CI, 0.303–1.030) and moderate (OR, 1.822; 95% CI, 0.995–3.339) groups.Conclusion. Patients with POSA, especially those with severe OSA, exhibit a comparatively high prevalence of PLMS. In cases involving prominent PLMS, the diagnosis and treatment of POSA and OSA should be considered.
Echoes of Niranj Magic in the Work of Albert the Great
Authors: Rinotas Athanasios
Published: May 2024

Niranj magic is a genre of magic which is closely connected with a cluster of texts known as Pseudo-Aristotelian Hermetica. As Charles Burnett’s groundbreaking study has shown, a part of these texts has been translated in Latin, albeit not without problems. In fact, the term niranj as such was never translated in Latin and thus tracing the ‘luck’ of this genre of magic in the texts of the Middle Ages is a difficult and arduous task. Despite the aforementioned challenges, this paper aims to show that echoes of niranj magic can be tracked in the work of Albert the Great. In this regard, my study can be deemed as a natural sequel of Burnett’s initial study.
Ficino, Lucretius and «semen»
Authors: Toussaint Stéphane
Published: May 2024

Nuptialia
for Ellen De Doncker and Andrea Aldo Robiglio.
Implementation of Gontornews.com Online Media Editorial Management
Authors: Qodriyah Salma Laila , Harmonis Harmonis
Published: May 2024

Gontornews.com is a boarding school website owned by Pondok Modern Gontor which has online media. The purpose of this study is to find out how management and editorial limitations are implemented at Gontornews.com, which includes matters such as planning, organizing, executing/directing, and supervising. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with case studies found on Gontornews.com, an online website. Primary and secondary data are collected through in-depth interviews with various relevant sources. This study was conducted from June to July 2022 in Jakarta. The results of the study show that Gontornews.com editorial management is used in reporting through various stages, starting from making plans, working with editorial members, sending news, and using references to books, newspapers, magazines, and other sources on the Internet. However, this study found that, even though the editorial management of Gontornews.com is very good, there are some obstacles in the news production process, such as limited reporters from within and outside the city, publication deadlines, and limited time for reporters who are out of sync. While there are some limitations, such as language limitations, external sources, and website systems, these obstacles can be overcome.
Pola Komunikasi Dakwah Kelompok dalam Grup Regional Komunitas “Ruang Edit”
Authors: Setiawan Veri , Prasidya Zaky Rahman
Published: May 2024

This research aims to find out how group communication patterns in the regional group of the Ruang Edit community can build member attachment to each other. The method in this research uses a case study qualitative method using B.Aubrey Fisher's Decision Emergence theory and Group Development Bruce Tuckman's approach. The data collection techniques used in this research are non-participant observation in the Jabodetabek and Jateng Regional groups, semi-structured interviews with founders, regional admins, and active members as informants, and documentation taken in the form of photographs of activities and other forms of writing. The result of this study is that each indicator of Decision Emergence theory produces various kinds and forms of communication patterns. The orientation phase uses secondary, one-way, and two-way communication patterns. The conflict phase uses linear and two-way communication patterns. The emergence phase uses circular and two-way communication patterns. The reinforcement phase uses circular, two-way, and multidirectional communication patterns.
 
Keywords: Da’wah Communication pattern, Community, Ruang Edit
Technology Focus: Intelligent Operations (May 2024)
Authors: Al Yateem Karam
Published: May 2024

In theory, the term “intelligent operations” could encompass almost the entire spectrum of production operations in the age of the digital oil field. Intelligent technology plays a role in applications ranging from design to completions to data management and most points in between. However, this feature topic is devoted to SPE papers that discuss system-oriented innovations to increase production, reduce costs, and decrease risk. To that end, I’ve identified a trio of papers that highlight such advances.

The first selected paper, SPE 213329, presents a solution that expedites a well-performance-review process to pinpoint candidates for stimulation, nitrogen lift, gas lift conversion, water/gas shutoff, and similar operations. It provides a flexible visualization platform to highlight hidden well-performance insight, prioritizing well-intervention activities.

The next paper, SPE 215236, presents a project designed to establish real applications of artificial intelligence (AI) for waterflood management.

This includes innovations in business processes, application of what the authors call “design thinking” methodology, agile development, and AI. The authors write that their prototype system has increased analytical efficiency, enabled faster decision-making, and improved forecasting.

Paper SPE 215074 describes a project that used a digital twin approach to identify design modifications required at an onshore site and visualize proposed offshore assets in Trinidad and Tobago. The approach integrates existing facilities and new design data, including site surveys and subsurface and wells data to optimize well planning.

I hope you enjoy the work that these authors have presented at SPE conferences.
A Novel Multi-Stage Recursive Image Deraining Network
Authors: wang canhua , Kang Xumin , Xiao Zhiyong , Wu Jianhua
Published: May 2024

The addition of rain stripes will reduce the processing performance of computer vision algorithms with video or images as input, so it is necessary to remove rain stripes from the video or images. A novel multi-stage recursive image deraining network (MRidNet) based on deep learning is proposed in this paper. Considering that rain images contain rain lines of different sizes and directions, encoder-decoder network is used to downsample images at different scales and remove rain lines of different intensities accordingly. In order to enhance the effect of rain removal, a squeeze-and-excitation module is combined to highlight the important feature information. Since the rain grain layer is difficult to be removed at one time, MRidNet adopts the cycle mechanism and uses the long short-term memory network to guide the rain removal before and after the cycle, so as to improve the performance of the model. In general, MRidNet is composed of a repeated expansion of a basic deraining network, which consists of a squeeze-and-excitation module, a long short-term memory module and an encoder-decoder structure. The negative mean structural similarity index is used as the loss function to effectively train the MRidNet. The experimental results show that our proposed MRidNet performs excellently on both synthetic and real rainy images, it can adapt to more complex rain scenes, achieve efficient rain removal, and the restore image background more clearly.
Transcriptomic changes in the posterior pallium of male zebra finches associated with social niche conformance
Authors: Riyahi Sepand , Liebermann-Lilie Navina D. , Jacobs Arne , Korsten Peter , Mayer Uwe , Schmoll Tim
Published: May 2024

Animals plastically adjust their physiological and behavioural phenotypes to conform to their social environment—social niche conformance. The degree of sexual competition is a critical part of the social environment to which animals adjust their phenotypes, but the underlying genetic mechanisms are poorly understood. We conducted a study to investigate how differences in sperm competition risk affect the gene expression profiles of the testes and two brain areas (posterior pallium and optic tectum) in breeding male zebra finches (Taeniopygia castanotis). In this pre-registered study, we investigated a large sample of 59 individual transcriptomes. We compared two experimental groups: males held in single pairs (low sexual competition) versus those held in two pairs (elevated sexual competition) per breeding cage. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we observed significant effects of the social treatment in all three tissues. However, only the treatment effects found in the pallium were confirmed by an additional randomisation test for statistical robustness. Likewise, the differential gene expression analysis revealed treatment effects only in the posterior pallium (ten genes) and optic tectum (six genes). No treatment effects were found in the testis at the single gene level. Thus, our experiments do not provide strong evidence for transcriptomic adjustment specific to manipulated sperm competition risk. However, we did observe transcriptomic adjustments to the manipulated social environment in the posterior pallium. These effects were polygenic rather than based on few individual genes with strong effects. Our findings are discussed in relation to an accompanying paper using the same animals, which reports behavioural results consistent with the results presented here.
Pain in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB): findings of the Prospective Epidermolysis Bullosa Longitudinal Evaluation Study (PEBLES)
Authors: Jeffs Eunice , Pillay Elizabeth , Ledwaba-Chapman Lesedi , Bisquera Alessandra , Robertson Susan , McGrath John , Wang Yanzhong , Martinez Anna , Mellerio Jemima
Published: May 2024

Background
Pain is common in the genetic skin fragility disorder epidermolysis bullosa (EB), from skin and mucosal injury and inflammation as well as extra-mucocutaneous sites. Individuals living with EB have identified pain as a priority for better treatments.
Objectives
The Prospective EB Longitudinal Evaluation Study (PEBLES) is a prospective register study exploring the natural history of RDEB across all ages from birth to death. Here, we investigated the characteristics and treatment of pain in different RDEB subtypes.
Methods
Information was collected from individuals with different RDEB subtypes over an 8-year period. Data included visual analogue scale (VAS) ratings of background and procedural pain, its location, intensity and impact on sleep, as well as pain medication. Disease severity scores and quality of life measures were correlated to pain scores.
Results
Sixty-one participants (13 children, 48 adults) completed a total of 361 reviews. Pain was common, experienced by 93% of participants at index review, with 80% suffering both background and procedural pain. Across all RDEB patients, the median VAS for background pain was 40 (out of 100) [interquartile range 20,60] and for those having regular dressing changes, median procedural pain was 52 [40,80]. Severe (RDEB-S) and pruriginosa (RDEB-Pru) groups had the greatest increase in procedural compared to background pain of 20 and 22 VAS points, respectively. Correlations between disease severity and quality of life impairment were observed across most groups, particularly RDEB-S. Over half of those studied experienced pain frequently or constantly and in one third, pain disturbed sleep at least 4 nights per week. Skin was the commonest source of pain in all subtypes except inversa RDEB where the mouth was the main site. Despite frequent and severe pain, one third of participants used no medication for pain, and in those that did, pain levels remained high, suggesting ineffectiveness of current pain management approaches and a significant unmet need in RDEB.
Conclusion
The frequency, severity, and impact of pain in all RDEB patients is significant, particularly in RDEB-S and RDEB-Pru. Our findings highlight that current RDEB pain management is poorly effective and that further research is needed to address this symptom.
Final Diagnoses and Mortality Rates Among Patients Receiving Inhaled Bronchodilators During Ambulance Transportation
Authors: Hagenau Victor , Mulvad Mathilde Gundgaard , Valentin Jan Brink , Jensen Arne Sylvester Rønde , Gude Martin Faurholdt
Published: May 2024

Objectives: To assess final diagnoses and mortality rates (30-day and 1-year) in patients requiring inhaled bronchodilators administered by ambulance personnel.
Methods: In a retrospective observational cohort study, patients experiencing respiratory distress and treated with inhaled bronchodilators in the prehospital setting within the Central Denmark Region during 2018-2019 were included.
Results: The study included 6,318 ambulance transports, comprising 3,686 cases of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), 234 with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), 320 with heart disease (HD), 233 adults with asthma, 1,674 with various other primary ICD-10 diagnoses (other ≥18 years), and 171 patients under 18 years. The 30-day mortality rate for all patients was 10.7% (95% CI 9.8-11.6), with zero deaths within 30 days among adults with asthma and those under 18. Excluding low mortality groups, AECOPD patients had the lowest 30-day mortality at 10.2% (95% CI 9.1-11.3), and HD patients the highest at 15.3% (95% CI 10.6-19.9). The 1-year overall mortality rate increased to 32.1% (95% CI 30.2-34.0), with mortality staying low for asthma and under-18 groups, while differences between other groups lessened and became insignificant.
Conclusions: Patients requiring inhaled bronchodilator treatment in ambulances exhibit notably high mortality rates at 30 days and 1 year, except for those with asthma or under 18. The need for prehospital bronchodilators could serve as a clear and unmistakable marker for moderate to severe respiratory distress, enabling early intervention.
Evaluation of preemptive and preventive use of coadministration of ibuprofen L-arginine and dexamethasone on clinical and laboratory parameters, quality of life, pain catastrophizing, and sleep quality in lower third molar surgeries: a randomized, split-mouth, controlled trial
Authors: Cetira-Filho Edson Luiz , Silva Paulo Goberlânio Barros , Maia Isabelle de Fátima Vieira Camelo , Wong Deysi Viviana Tenazoa , Lima-Júnior Roberto César Pereira , Ribeiro Thyciana Rodrigues , Farias Ravy Jucá , Anjos Mayara Alves dos , Fonseca Said Goncalves da Cruz , Costa Fábio Wildson Gurgel
Published: May 2024

Objective
The aim of this study is to compared the effect of different preemptive and preventive analgesia strategies involving the oral coadministration of ibuprofen-arginine (770mg)–Ib-Ar and dexamethasone (8mg)-DX, and their respective placebos (P-Ib-Ar and P-DX), four evaluation groups on inflammatory and laboratory parameters, and impact on quality of life, pain catastrophizing perception and sleep quality related after lower third molar (L3M) surgery.
Material and methods
A randomized split-mouth, triple-blind, controlled clinical trial was conducted with 48 volunteers. They were allocated depending on the use of Ib-Ar or DX, 1 hour before surgery or immediately postoperatively, discriminating the groups: G1 (Ib-Ar + DX), G2 (Ib-Ar + P-DX), G3 (P-Ib-Ar + DX), and G4 (P-Ib-Ar + P-DX).
Results
Pain peaks occurred after 2h (P-Ib-Ar group) (p = 0.003), while the other groups showed peak pain after 4h (p < 0.05). The initial mouth opening amplitude did not differ between groups (p < 0.001). Regarding the edema: groups treated with P-Ib-Ar and the P-DX group; measurements significantly reduced without returning to baseline (p < 0.001). Regarding laboratory parameters: MPO and MDA levels, the Ib-Ar + DX group (p < 0.001) was the only one showing a significant reduction.
Conclusion
The use of preemptive and preventive analgesia strategies involving oral coadministration of Ib-Ar and DX (G1) showed that the combined use delayed peak pain, with no difference in edema and trismus. The benefit of coadministration of both strategies was superior to the isolated use of drugs.
Clinical relevance
Translational study with impact on clinical-surgical protocols involving L3M surgery related to pharmacological methods.
Single-cell immune profiling and validation of PBMCs in the onset of and recovery from herpes zoster
Authors: Xu Longsheng , Zheng Shang , Zhang Shuyao , Li Xiangyao , Fei Yong , Yang Lei , Liu beibei , Shen Kangli , Feng Qinli , Zhou Qinghe , Yao Ming
Published: May 2024

Immune cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of herpes zoster virus infection, yet their precise contribution to disease progression remains incompletely understood. In this study, we used single-cell sequencing to analyze the distribution of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) according to different stages of herpes zoster. Our findings demonstrated a detailed immune cell profile in the onset of and recovery from herpes zoster, revealing proportion alterations of the subpopulations. Gene expression information reveals that herpes zoster changes the cellular state compared to healthy controls. The enrichment analysis of cell subpopulations including MPs, B cells, CD8 teff cells and neutrophils revealed changes in signaling responses, transcriptional activity, and cytokine production, exhibiting a heterogeneous immune response to herpes zoster infection. We then surveyed the routine blood data of 1000 patients with herpes zoster, in which the changes in lymphocytes and monocytes were consistent with the single-cell seq results. In addition, the validation of the immune cell clusters distribution using flow cytometry contained 90 samples, we also identified a consistent alteration with single cell-sequencing. These results collectively provide deep insight into the immune profile during herpes zoster progression and provide an indispensable resource for future development of clinical treatment strategy.
Hybrid Epoxy-Acrylate Resins for Wavelength-Selective Multimaterial 3D Printing
Authors: Page Zachariah , Kim Ji-Won , Allen Marshall , Cater Henry , Uddin Ain , Recker Elizabeth , Freeman Benny
Published: May 2024

Structures in nature have evolved to combine hard and soft materials in precise 3D arrangements, which imbues bulk properties and functionality that remain elusive to mimic synthetically. However, the potential for biomimetic analogs to seamlessly interface hard materials with soft surfaces for applications ranging from soft robotics and sealants to medical devices (e.g., prosthetics and wearable health monitors) has driven the demand for innovative chemistries and manufacturing approaches. Herein, we unveil a liquid resin for rapid, high resolution digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing of multimaterial objects with an unprecedented combination of strength, elasticity, and stability. Two enabling discoveries are the use of a covalently bound (hybrid) epoxy-acrylate monomer that precludes plasticization of soft domains and a wavelength-selective photosensitizer that greatly accelerates cationic curing for hard domains. Using dual projection for multicolor (UV and violet light) DLP 3D printing, several bioinspired metamaterial structures are produced, including those with a brick-and-mortar architecture to tune toughness, hard springs in a soft cylinder to tune compressive behavior, and a detailed knee joint with “bones” and “ligaments” to provide smooth motion.
hiPSC-derived cortical neurons from ADHD individuals reveal dysregulated glutamatergic development
Authors: McNeill Rhiannon , Schickardt Zora , Radtke Franziska , Blum Robert , Kittel-Schneider Sarah
Published: May 2024

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, significantly impacting life quality and mortality. It is among the most heritable neuropsychiatric disorders, yet its aetiology remains unclear, hindering the development of novel medications. Previously, research has primarily focused on the dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems using animal models. However, there is growing evidence for a role of the glutamatergic system in ADHD pathomechanisms, and a translational failure between pre-clinical animal models and human clinical trials. We therefore established and characterised a functional cortical neuronal model using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to investigate glutamatergic development in healthy controls and adult ADHD patients. hiPSCs from healthy controls and ADHD patients showed no difference in their capacity to form cortical neurons (CNs). However, CNs from ADHD patients showed an altered developmental trajectory, characterised by changes in extracellular glutamate and decreased transcription of NEUN, PSD95 and EEAT2. Moreover, a significant ~ 50% reduction in vGLUT2 transcription was observed at multiple time points, suggesting a robust cellular disease endophenotype which might be suitable for future drug screening. Lastly, calcium imaging analysis revealed decreased synaptic signalling strength and frequency, indicating a hypoactive phenotype. In summary, we were able to establish a functional hiPSC-derived cortical neuronal model to investigate ADHD pathomechanisms, which revealed impaired glutamatergic development in ADHD individuals. Our results suggest that the glutamatergic system should also be a target for future drug development.
Advancing Age and the rs6265 BDNF SNP are Permissive
to Graft-induced Dyskinesias in Parkinsonian Rats
Authors: Steece-Collier Kathy , Mercado Natosha , Szarowicz Carlye , Stancati Jennifer , Sortwell Caryl , Boezwinkle Samuel , Collier Timothy , Caulfield Margaret
Published: May 2024

The rs6265 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene for brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a common variant that alters therapeutic outcomes for individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD). We previously investigated the effects of this SNP on the experimental therapeutic approach of neural grafting, demonstrating that young adult parkinsonian rats carrying the variant Met allele exhibited enhanced graft function compared to wild-type rats, and also exclusively developed aberrant graft-induced dyskinesias (GID). Aging is the primary risk factor for PD and reduces graft efficacy. Here we investigated whether aging interacts with this SNP to further alter cell transplantation outcomes. We hypothesized that aging would dampen enhancement of graft function associated with this genetic variant and exacerbate GID in all grafted subjects. Unexpectedly, beneficial graft function was maintained in aged rs6265 subjects. However, aging was permissive to GID induction, regardless of genotype, with the greatest incidence and severity found in rs6265 expressing animals.
Awareness and Perception of the Traditional Methods of Stroke Management Among Stroke Survivors in Selected Health Facilities and Traditional Centers-A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Okonkwo Uchenna Prosper , Osuya Daniel Onyebuchukwu , Ihegihu Ebere Yvonne , Chukwuemeka Uchechukwu Martha , Amaechi Ifeoma Adaigwe , Akobundu Uzoamaka Nwakego , Ani Nnaemeka Charles
Published: May 2024

Background: Traditional methods of stroke management is becoming increasingly popular in sub Saharan Africa involving a wide range of practices.
Aims and objectives: To determine the level of awareness and perception of the traditional methods of stroke management among stroke survivors in Anambra State.
Methods: This study was a Mixed-method embedded design involving 106 stroke survivors recruited from selected health facilities and traditional stroke management centers in Anambra State. A Self-developed and validated research instrument on awareness and perception of traditional methods of stroke management among stroke survivors was used to collect quantitative data while a structured interview guide was used to collect qualitative data. Data was summarized using descriptive statistics of mean, frequency, and standard deviation, while the relationship between the sociodemographic variables and the study variables was analyzed using inferential statistics of the Chi-square test at an α level of 0.05. Thematic analysis was used for qualitative data.
Results: The participants had high awareness 51 (48.1%) and high perception 85 (80.2%) of traditional methods of stroke management. There was a statistically significant association between awareness of traditional methods of stroke management and gender (X2=7.9, p=0.019). Thematic analysis showed an overall high awareness and perception of the traditional method of management.
Conclusion: The study showed high awareness and perception of the traditional methods of stroke management from both the quantitative and qualitative results.
Exploring the Geological and Climatic Influences on Land Subsidence in Joshimath
Authors: Bhatla R. , Raj Deepak Kumar , Singh Richa
Published: May 2024

The town of Joshimath, situated in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand and is located in a fragile Himalayan ecosystem which is highly prone to land subsidence due to its geological features. This study evaluates the climatic factors driving the subsidence problem in Joshimath by analysing rainfall data and geological data. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis for the years 2000, 2011, and 2022 revealed a declining trend in vegetation cover over time, indicating deforestation which suggests a reduction in soil-binding capacity due to the absence of tree and plant roots acting as anchors. The Land Use Land Cover (LULC) map for 2022 further substantiated this observation, with 35.8% of the area classified as rangeland, implying a lack of soil-binding vegetation cover. Rainfall data analysis unveiled an increasing trend in heavy precipitation events, particularly during the monsoon months (June-September). The frequency and intensity of these heavy downpours have escalated in recent years, contributing to soil erosion, water accumulation, and diminished soil stability. The combination of deforestation, heavy rainfall, and reduced soil-binding capacity has created a perfect storm for land subsidence in Joshimath. This research sheds light on the critical role of climatic factors, particularly changes in precipitation patterns and vegetation cover, in facilitating land subsidence in the ecologically sensitive Joshimath region. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing effective mitigation strategies, implementing sustainable land management practices, and ensuring the long-term stability of this Himalayan area.
Systems biology approach for enhancing limonene yield by re-engineering Escherichia coli
Authors: Selvarajoo Kumar , Khanijou Jasmeet , Hee Yan Ting , Scipion Clement , Chen Xixian
Published: May 2024

Limonene is a valuable monoterpene utilised in biofuel, pharmaceutical, material science, food and beverage industries. Recently, microorganisms, such as engineered Escherichia coli, have emerged as potential alternatives for limonene production in the laboratory. However, there are general issues such as low enzyme abundance or activities, and regulatory feedback/forward inhibition resulting in reduced yields. To better understand the underlying metabolism, both mechanistically and dynamically, here we adopted a systems biology approach for cell cultures of engineered E. coli strain K-12 MG1655 producing limonene. Firstly, we generated time-series intra- and extra-cellular targeted metabolomics data and, secondly, developed a dynamic model based on enzyme dynamics to interpret the data. The initial wild-type model tracked native metabolic networks such as the glycolytic, tricarboxylic acid cycle, mixed fermentation, and deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate pathway, as well as the engineered mevalonate pathway. After several iterations of model fitting with experimental profiles, which also included 13C tracer studies, we utilised the finalised model to perform in silico knockouts (KOs) of all enzymes in the model to identify crucial bottleneck(s) for optimal limonene yields. The simulations indicated that the suppression of ALDH/ADH (aldehyde dehydrogenase/alcohol dehydrogenase) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), and the enhancement of HK (hexokinase) would increase limonene yields. These results were experimentally confirmed where ALDH-ADH and LDH KOs produced 8- to 11-fold enhancements, while HK overexpression resulted in an 8-fold increase in limonene yield. We believe that our systems biology approach can be extended to study other microbes for re-engineering strains for optimal target compound production.
Influence of turning parameters on residual stresses and roughness of 42CrMo4+QT
Authors: Salamanca Diego Díaz , Muñiz-Calvente Miguel , Ebrahimzadeh Pejman , Llavori Iñigo , Zabala Alaitz , Pando Pablo , Álvarez Carlos Suárez , Fernández-Pariente Inés , Larrañaga Miren , Papuga Jan
Published: May 2024

Residual stress and surface roughness have been recognized to play a critical role in the fatigue strength of metal components. Machining processes can induce different roughness and residual stress conditions depending on the parameters used in the process. Therefore, it is essential to develop knowledge that helps to predict the residual stresses and roughness that would be obtained from different machining conditions. The main aim of this work is to establish two phenomenological models to accurately predict residual stress and roughness values on specimens turned from 42CrMo4+QT. The models are derived on data of 4 process variables: (a) insert tip radius; (b) feed rate; (c) cutting speed; and (d) depth of cut. For this purpose, a wide experimental campaign has been developed, which includes the machining of 68 specimens under various cutting scenarios, and their subsequent measurement of residual stresses and roughness. Once the experimental data were obtained, the response surface method based on the central composite design was used to fit the models, obtaining a correlation index higher than 0.9 in both cases. In this article, it is concluded that feed rate and insert radius have a greater effect on the residual stress and roughness obtained, while cutting speed and depth of cut have a lesser impact on the results. It is hoped that the findings will establish a groundwork for the machining of this material type, ensuring controlled conditions of residual stress and roughness.
Significance of Laryngo-tracheal flap to reconstruct the defect and management of pharyngoesophageal stenosis after resection of the hypopharyngeal carcinoma with cervical esophagus involvement
Authors: qiyong qian , qinying wang
Published: May 2024

There are many ways to solve hypopharyngeal defection, such as use pectoralis major, clavicle epithelial flap, or free flap repair (e. g. forearm free flap), gastric pull-up and so on to reconstruct cervical esophagus. In the study, we investigate cervical esophageal reconstruction by means of laryngo-tracheal flap and the management of postoperative pharyngoesophageal stenosis after resection of hypopharyngeal carcinoma with cervical esophageal involvement. All 14 cases had good swallowing reflex, fed on normal diet free of feeding tube and no gastric reflux. With a follow-up of 3-10 years, there was no recurrence in 9 patients, 3 patients had metastases in the neck, 1 patient had metastases in the lung and 1 patient had thoracic esophageal carcinoma with hepatic metastasis arid gave up further treatment. Among the 14 patients, one patient developed pharyngocutaneous fistula, and the remaining patients recovered well. Two patients with pharyngoesophageal stenosis causing feeding difficulties were given nasogastric tube nasal feeding and urinary catheter dilation after scar tissue was removed by coblator plasma surgery at the stenosis and were fed to the nasogastric tube for 1-3 months. Accordingly, using laryngo-tracheal flap to reconstruct cervical esophagus after resection of hypopharyngeal carcinoma with cervical esophageal involvement is a recommendable method that is simple, convenient, with high success rate and low complications (complications are mainly pharyngocutaneous fistula and pharyngoesophageal stenosis), which can be effectively used for the repair of postoperative defects of hypopharyngeal cancer. The disadvantage is that the throat is sacrificed and insufficient for the large defect tissue. Coblator plasma surgery and urinary catheter dilation can effectively handle the problem of eating difficulties in patients with postoperative pharyngoesophageal stenosis.
Discordance of HER2-low Status between Breast Primary and Distant Metastases with Clinical-pathological Correlation
Authors: Yang Ellen , D’Alfonso Timothy , Morrow Monica , Brogi Edi , Wen Hannah
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Breast cancer with HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) 1+ or 2+ with negative in situ hybridization (ISH) (HER2-low) can now be targeted by HER2 antibody drug conjugates. We set out to compare HER2 status between matched primary invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) and distant metastases (DM) with clinical-pathological correlation, with specific interest in HER2-low.

Methods
Biomarker studies and clinical-pathological features of primary IBC with matched DM diagnosed between 2021-2022 were retrospectively analyzed. HER2 status was assessed per 2023 ASCO/CAP guidelines for IHC (Ventana, 4B5) and ISH (IQFISH pharmDX, DAKO). Bilateral breast primaries were excluded. HER2 IHC 0 to 1+ were reassessed.

Results
147 cases of primary IBC with matched DM were identified (Table 1). Biomarkers were performed on core biopsy (n=74) and resection (n=73). 126 cases (86%) were initially classified as “HER2 negative”; of these 67 (46%) were reclassified as HER2-low. Patients with HER2 positive primaries were younger (p=0.01) and had an increased incidence of micropapillary carcinoma (p=0.02). HER2-low primaries also had increased incidence of micropapillary carcinoma (p=0.02) and estrogen receptor (ER) positivity (p=0.02) comparing to HER2 0. 169 matched DM cases excluding bone metastasis were identified (range of 1-7 metastases per IBC). The most common sites of metastases were liver (50/169, 30%), lung (36/169; 21%), distant lymph node (26/169, 15%). 138 DM cases (82%) were previously classified as “HER2 negative”, and 62 (37%) were reclassified as HER2-low. Like HER2-low primaries, HER2-low metastases were frequently ER positive (52/62; 84%) (p=0.02). Brain metastases were more frequently HER2 positive (5/32; 16%) (p=0.04). Comparing HER2 status in matched primaries and DM, HER2 status was discordant in 62 cases (37%). Most changes occurred from HER2-low to HER2 0 (33/169, 20 %), HER2 0 to HER2-low (17/169, 10%), and HER2-low to positive (10/169, 6%). All HER2-low to HER2 0 changes were HER2 1+ to 0. In 30 patients with multiple DM sites (47 cases), HER2 status among different DM samples was discordant in 16 patients (53%), mostly from HER2-low to HER2 0 (16/47, 34 %).

Conclusion
Significant proportion of previous “HER2 negative” primaries and DM cases are reclassified as HER2-low. Discordant HER2 status between IBC primary and metastasis and between different DM sites demonstrated tumor heterogeneity and highlights the need for HER2 retesting in distant metastasis.
Comparative analysis of physiological and biochemical responses to salt-stress reveals key mechanisms of salt-tolerance in some Saudi Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Alyahya Norah , Taybi Tahar
Published: May 2024

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most essential staple food crops since thousands of years with a massive economic importance worldwide. Wheat has been widely considered to be a moderately salt tolerant plant and its tolerance and responses to salinity stress vary among different tissues and cultivars. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of salt stress on growth and yield of three Saudi bread wheat cultivars, Najran, Mebiah and Qiadh, and characterize the differential responses of the roots and shoots to reveal different underlying mechanisms for salt tolerance. One-month old plants grown under control and salinity conditions were harvested to measure growth parameters (including fresh weight, dry weight and plant length), biochemical response (i.e. proline, soluble sugars, starch and organic acids contents) and antioxidant activity (phenolics content). A distinctive variation was observed between the three cultivars, Najran was the most tolerant to salt stress while Qiadh was the most susceptible cultivar. Under salt stress, a dramatic decline in growth parameters was noticed across all cultivars however, Qiadh exhibited the most conspicuous reduction in growth as well as in yield. In contrast, a pronounced increase of metabolite contents was shown in the three cultivars under salinity stress and was different not only between these cultivars but also between root and shoot tissues. The obtained results confirm that different wheat cultivars employ various mechanisms to alleviate the harmful effects of salt stress. The diversity in salt stress responses among different wheat cultivars can offer a promising avenue for enhancing crop productivity. In this study, the salt-tolerant Najran cultivar can serve as genetic source for breeding programs aimed at developing new varieties with enhanced salt tolerance.
Online pain neuroscience education and graded exposure to movement in breast cancer survivors: Randomised controlled trial
Authors: Martínez-Miranda Patricia , Jiménez-Rejano José Jesús , Muñoz-Fernández María Jesús , García-Muñoz Cristina , Casuso-Holgado María Jesús
Published: May 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of an online, person-centred programme combining pain neuroscience education (PNE) and graded exposure to movement (GEM) for quality of life improvement in breast cancer survivors.
Methods: This single-blind randomised controlled trial included a sample of 49 breast cancer survivors who were randomly assigned to two groups (experimental: n = 22 and control: n = 27). The experimental group received a 12-week online programme based on pain neuroscience education and therapeutic yoga as gradual exposure to movement, while the control group continued with their usual care. The primary outcome was quality of life (FACT –B+4); the secondary outcomes were related to the experience of chronic pain ( pain intensity and pain interference,catastrophizing, pain self-efficacy, kinesiophobia and fear avoidance behaviours). All variables were assessed at 4 time points. For data analysis, ANOVA (2x4) analysis of variance was used (95% CI).
Results: 36 participants were included in the analysis (control group: 22; experimental group: 14). A significant time*group effect was observed in favour of the experimental group regarding the global quality of life measure (p = 0.010, ηp2 = 0,124). Significant between-groups differences in favour of the experimental group were observed for pain intensity and pain interference, catastrophizing and pain self-efficacy. Except for pain interference, these differences persisted at follow-up.
Conclusions: An online intervention based on PNE and GEM seems to be effective for the improvement of quality of life and chronic pain in breast cancer survivors. However, due to the study limitations further research is needed.
Trial record: NCT04965909 (26/06/2021).