bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Influence Mechanism of Different Shielding Gas Types on Arc Characteristics and Weld Quality in TA2 Laser–Arc Hybrid Welding
Authors: Zhang Haojie , Shen Mingyao , Tian Xueqin , Zhang Qunli , Chen Zhijun , Yao Jianhua
Published: August 2024

The effective welding of a 6 mm thick TA2 pure titanium medium-thickness plate was achieved by laser–arc hybrid welding (LAHW) with helium–argon mixed shielding gas. Conducted research on the influence of helium–argon mixed shielding gas on plasma and arc characteristics during welding, and its further impact on the microstructure, internal porosity defects, tensile properties, and corrosion resistance of welded joints was explored. The study demonstrated that under the shielding gas with 75% helium, the arc width narrowed significantly from 6.96 mm to 2.61 mm, achieving a 63% reduction, which enhanced the concentration of arc heat flux density. Achieved a well-formed weld with no surface spatter and significantly reduced the internal porosity rate from 3.02% to 0.47%, which is an 84% decrease. Tensile fractures are located in the base material, all exhibiting plastic failure. The corrosion resistance of the welded joint initially increased and then decreased with the increase of helium content in the shielding gas, peaking at 75% helium content.
β,β-Dimethylacrylalkannin, a Natural Naphthoquinone, Inhibits the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Modulating Tumor-Associated Macrophages
Authors: Shen Li-Sha , Lin Zesi , Gong Rui-Hong , Lin Yu-Shan , Qiao Xing-Fang , Hu Qian-Mei , Qin Wei-Han , Chen Sibao , Yang Yong , Chen Guo-Qing
Published: August 2024

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are pivotal in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), influencing various stages from initiation to metastasis. Understanding the role of TAMs in HCC is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Macrophages exhibit plasticity, resulting in M1 and M2 phenotypes, with M1 macrophages displaying antitumor properties and M2 macrophages promoting tumor progression. Targeting TAMs to alter their polarization could offer new avenues for HCC treatment. β,β-dimethylacrylalkannin (DMAKN), a natural naphthoquinone, has gained attention for its antitumor properties. However, its impact on TAMs modulation remains unclear. This study investigates DMAKN’s modulation of TAMs and its anti-HCC activity. Using an in vitro model with THP-1 cells, we induced M1 macrophages with LPS/IFN-γ and M2 macrophages with IL-4/IL-13, confirming polarization with specific markers. Co-culturing these macrophages with HCC cells showed that M1 cells inhibited HCC growth, while M2 cells promoted it. Screening for non-toxic DMAKN concentrations revealed its ability to induce M1 polarization and enhance LPS/IFN-γ-induced M1 macrophages, both showing anti-HCC effects. Conversely, DMAKN suppressed IL-4/IL-13-induced M2 polarization, inhibiting M2 macrophages’ promotion of HCC cell viability. In summary, DMAKN induces and enhances M1 polarization while inhibiting M2 polarization of macrophages, thereby inhibiting HCC cell growth. These findings suggest that DMAKN has the potential to regulate TAMs in HCC, offering promise for future therapeutic development.
New Natural and Sustainable Cosmetic Preservative Based on Sugarcane Straw Extract
Authors: Carvalho Maria João , Pedrosa Sílvia Santos , Pintado Manuela , Oliveira Ana L. S. , Madureira Ana Raquel
Published: August 2024

Preservative ingredients in cosmetic formulations undertake a necessary role in the prevention of microbial contamination. In this field, there is an unmet need for natural, sustainable, and effective preservatives. Thus, the main goal of this work was to evaluate a sugarcane straw extract-based ingredient and investigate its potential as a preservative for cosmetic applications. Different ingredients were developed using several cosmetic solvents to improve the solubility of the extracted compounds. The antimicrobial activity was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The 1,2-hexanediol was the solvent that allowed us to achieve the ingredient (20% dry extract dispersed in 25% 1,2-hexanediol in water) with the best antimicrobial performance, showing a minimum inhibitory concentration of between 5% and 3% (I). The 5% (w/v) concentration of this ingredient complied with the USP51 standards for cosmetic preservatives. Real-time (25 °C, 65% RH) and accelerated stability (40 °C, 75% RH) tests were conducted to determine the ingredient stability, and it was found that one month of storage time at room temperature would be ideal for better ingredient stability and performance in terms of composition, pH, color, and antioxidant activity.
Non-Maleficence toward Young Kidney Donors: A Call for Stronger Ethical Standards and Associated Factors in Multidisciplinary Nephrology Teams
Authors: Tarabeih Mahdi , Na’amnih Wasef
Published: August 2024

Background: The rising frequency of live kidney donations is accompanied by growing ethical concerns as to donor autonomy, the comprehensiveness of disclosure, and donors’ understanding of long-term consequences. Aim: To explore donors’ satisfaction with the ethical competence of multi-professional nephrology teams regarding disclosure of donation consequences to live kidney donors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among Israeli live kidney donors who had donated a kidney in two hospitals that belonged to the Ministry of Health’s Transplantation Center one year after the donation, from December 2018 to December 2020. Data collection was conducted online and through face-to-face interviews with the donors in their native language (Hebrew or Arabic). Results: Overall, 91 live kidney donors aged 18–49 years were enrolled. Of those, 65.9% were males, and 54.9% were academic donors. Among the live kidney donors, 59.3% reported that the motivation behind the donation was a first-degree family member vs. 35.2% altruistic and 5.5% commercial. Only 13.2% reported that the provided disclosure adequately explained the possible consequences of living with a single kidney. Approximately 20% of the participants reported that the disclosure included information regarding their risk of developing ESRD, hypertension, and proteinuria. The donors reported a low mean of the index score that indicates a low follow-up by the physician after the donation (mean = 1.16, SD = 0.37). The mean GFR level was significantly lower in the post-donation period one year following a kidney donation (117.8 mL/min/1.73 m2) compared with the pre-donation period (84.0 mL/min/1.73 m2), p < 0.001. Conclusion: Our findings display that donors’ satisfaction with the ethical competence of multi-professional nephrology teams regarding the disclosure of donation consequences to live kidney donors is low. This study indicates that donors are at an increased risk of worsening kidney functions (creatinine and GFR), and BMI. Our findings underscore the imperative to advise donors that their condition may worsen over time and can result in complications; thus, they should be monitored during short and long-term follow-up periods. This study was not registered.
The Use of Heterocyclic Azo Dyes on Different Textile Materials: A Review
Authors: Emanuele Lucia , D’Auria Maurizio
Published: August 2024

The art of dyeing textiles has a long history, as natural dyes have been used since prehistoric times. With the development of synthetic dyes in the 19th century, the focus shifted from natural to synthetic dyes due to their superior properties. Recently, however, interest in natural dyes has increased again due to environmental and health concerns. Among industrial dyes, heterocyclic dyes, especially azo dyes, are of great importance due to their color brilliance and fastness. This review examines the synthesis, application, and analysis of azo dyes, especially heterocyclic dyes. It deals with monoazo, diazo, and polyazo dyes and highlights their structures, synthesis methods, and fastness properties. In addition, the ecological impact of azo dyes and practical solutions for their synthesis and application are discussed.
Seasonal Patterns of Common Respiratory Viral Infections in Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed Patients
Authors: Theodoropoulos Fotis , Hüsing Anika , Dittmer Ulf , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Taube Christian , Anastasiou Olympia E.
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Several respiratory viruses have been shown to have seasonal patterns. The aim of our study was to evaluate and compare these patterns in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients for five different respiratory viruses. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of results for 13,591 respiratory tract samples for human metapneumovirus (HMPV), influenza virus, parainfluenza virus (PIV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. A seasonal pattern was aligned to the data of immunocompetent patients through a logistic regression model of positive and negative test results. Results: A narrow seasonal pattern (January to March) was documented for HMPV. Most RSV infections were detected in the winter and early spring months, from December to March, but occasional cases of RSV could be found throughout the year. The peak season for PIV-3 was during the summer months, and that for PIV-4 was mostly in autumn. A narrow seasonal pattern emerged for influenza virus as most infections were detected in the winter, in January and February. The seasonal patterns of HMPV, RSV, PIV, and influenza virus were similar for both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Conclusions: We found no difference in the seasonality of HMPV, RSV, PIV, and influenza virus infections between immunosuppressed and immunocompetent hosts.
Japanese Encephalitis Virus Surveillance in U.S. Army Installations in the Republic of Korea from 2021 to 2023
Authors: Lado Paula , Crispell Gary , Chong Sung , Kim Myong , Esparza Ashley , Zielinski Eric , Iwami Akira , Williams Kelly , Eads John , Jimbo Kei , Mitzel Dana , Cohnstaedt Lee , Richardson Joshua , Kugelman Jeffrey , Stoops Craig
Published: August 2024

Japanese encephalitis is a disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and is a concern for U.S. military personnel stationed in the Republic of Korea (ROK). The recent literature reports a potential shift from GI to GV as the dominant genotype circulating in east Asia. In the ROK, GV has been reported in a few Culex spp., but not in the main JEV vector, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. The goal of this surveillance was to shed light on the current knowledge of the epidemiology of JEV in the ROK by analyzing mosquito collection data from three consecutive years, 2021–2023, and molecularly detecting and genotyping JEV in all Culex spp. collected in several military locations across the ROK. In this study, we detected only JEV GI in Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in 2021 samples. In contrast, all 2022 and 2023 positive samples were GV and detected in Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. orientalis, and Cx. pipiens. Results support a shift in JEV genotype in the ROK and suggest that for GV, Culex spp. other than Cx. tritaeniorhynchus may be playing an important role.
From Field to Pharmacy: Isolation, Characterization and Tableting Behaviour of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Wheat and Corn Harvest Residues
Authors: Medarević Djordje , Čežek Maša , Knežević Aleksandar , Turković Erna , Barudžija Tanja , Samardžić Stevan , Maksimović Zoran
Published: August 2024

A lack of strategies for the utilization of harvest residues (HRs) has led to serious environmental problems due to an accumulation of these residues or their burning in the field. In this study, wheat and corn HRs were used as feedstock for the production of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by treatment with 2–8% sodium hydroxide, 10% hydrogen peroxide and further hydrolysis with 1–2 M hydrochloric acid. The changes in the FT-IR spectra and PXRD diffractograms after chemical treatment confirmed the removal of most of the lignin, hemicellulose and amorphous fraction of cellulose. A higher degree of crystallinity was observed for MCC obtained from corn HRs, which was attributed to a more efficient removal of lignin and hemicellulose by a higher sodium hydroxide concentration, which facilitates the dissolution of amorphous cellulose during acid hydrolysis. MCC obtained from HRs exhibited lower bulk density and poorer flow properties but similar or better tableting properties compared to commercial MCC (CeolusTM PH101). The lower ejection and detachment stress suggests that MCC isolated from HRs requires less lubricant compared to commercial MCC. This study showed that MCC isolated from wheat and corn HRs exhibits comparable tableting behaviour like commercial sample, further supporting this type of agricultural waste utilization.
Pharmacogenomics of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): A Narrative Review of the Literature
Authors: Drevin Guillaume , Pena-Martin Maria , Bauduin Aurélien , Baudriller Antoine , Briet Marie , Abbara Chadi
Published: August 2024

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a synthetic amphetamine derivative with notable psychoactive properties and emerging therapeutic potential, particularly for treating post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) and substance use disorders. However, its use remains controversial due to inter-individual variability influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. In this context, pharmacogenomics could play a crucial role in guiding MDMA treatment by identifying individuals with genetic predispositions affecting their response to MDMA. Tailoring treatment plans based on individual’s genetic makeup may enhance therapeutic outcomes and minimize adverse effects, leading to safer and more effective use of MDMA in clinical settings. Literature analysis reveals that the influence of genetic variants within genes encoded for enzymes involved in MDMA metabolism and/or pharmacodynamics (PD) targets have been relatively under-investigated in humans. Some studies have pointed out associations between MDMA-induced effects and polymorphisms. For example, the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism has been associated with cognitive and cardiovascular MDMA-induced effects. Similarly, polymorphisms in the serotonin-linked promoter region (5HTTLPR) have been associated with several MDMA-induced adverse effects including mood disorders. However, despite these findings, only a few associations have been highlighted. Furthermore, some genes encoded for MDMA targets have been only poorly investigated, representing a significant research gap. These observations underscore the need for large-scale, controlled pharmacogenomics studies focusing on a broad panel of genes involved into MDMA pharmacokinetics and PD. Such studies could provide critical insights for optimizing MDMA’s therapeutic use and minimizing its risks.
Using RNA-Seq Analysis to Select Key Genes Related to Seed Dormancy in ALS-Inhibiting Resistant Descurainia sophia with Pro-197-Thr Mutation
Authors: Xu Xian , Zhao Bochui , Shen Beibei , Qi Zhizun , Wang Jianping , Cui Haiyan , Li Binghua , Chen Silong , Wang Guiqi , Liu Xiaomin
Published: August 2024

Flixweed (Descurainia sophia) is a weed that seriously affects wheat fields in China. Over the past 20 years, it has evolved resistance to the herbicide tribenuron-methyl. In the present study, a resistant D. sophia population with a Pro-197-Thr mutation of acetolactate synthetase (ALS) was found to have a resistance index of 457.37 for tribenuron-methyl. Under the same growth conditions, the seeds of resistant (R) and susceptible (S) populations exhibited similar vitality but the germination rates of R seeds were higher than those of S seeds. This result demonstrated that seed dormancy periods were shorter in the R seeds. RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis was then used to choose candidate genes that could regulate seed dormancy pathways in the R population. A total of 504,976,046 clean reads were selected from nine RNA-Seq libraries and assembled into 79,729 unigenes. Among these, 33,476 unigenes were assigned to 51 GO subgroups, and 26,117 unigenes were assigned to 20 KEGG secondary metabolic pathways. Next, 2473 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were divided into three groups, as follows: G-24 h (germinating seeds) vs. D (dormant seeds); G-48 h (germinated seeds) vs. D; and G-48 h vs. G-24 h. From these 2473 DEGs, 8 were selected as candidate dormancy unigenes for the R population if their expression levels continuously decreased during the seed germination progress and their functional annotations were related to plant seed dormancy. One candidate unigene was annotated as CYP707A2; two unigenes were annotated as the transcription factors TGA4 and TGA2; one unigene was annotated as the cystathionine beta-synthase gene; and four unigenes could not be annotated as any gene listed in the six public databases. However, qRT-PCR-validated results showed that, during the germination of R seeds, the expression of the three candidate unigenes first decreased and then increased, indicating that they may have other growth-regulating functions in R populations. In brief, the dormancy function of the eight candidate dormancy unigenes needs to be further studied.
Nutraceutical Valorization of Exhausted Olive Pomace from Olea europaea L. Using Advanced Extraction Techniques
Authors: Carlucci Vittorio , Ponticelli Maria , Russo Daniela , Labanca Fabiana , Costantino Valeria , Esposito Germana , Milella Luigi
Published: August 2024

Exhausted olive pomace (EOP) represents the principal residue of olive pomace. Several studies have optimized the extraction of specialized metabolites from the EOP of Olea europaea L., but a comparison between different extractive methods has not been made. For this reason, the present investigation aims to compare four different extractive methods by using water and 15% ethanol/water as extractive solvents. Specifically, based on extract antioxidant activity, the methods compared were maceration (MAC), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE). Between these, the UAE and ASE hydroalcoholic EOP extracts were demonstrated to have the highest antioxidant activity. Subsequently, these extracts were investigated for their hypoglycemic and antiradical activity using in vitro cell-free and cell-based assays, respectively. ASE hydroalcoholic EOP extract demonstrated the greatest ability to inhibit the α-amylase enzyme and an in vitro antioxidant activity comparable to N-acetyl cysteine in HepG2 cells. UAE and ASE extracts’ phytochemical characterization was also performed, identifying seven phenolic compounds, including 3-hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, and, for the first time, salidroside. The ASE hydroalcoholic EOP extract was the richest from a phytochemical point of view, thus confirming its major biological activity. Therefore, ASE and 15% ethanol/water may represent the best extractive method for EOP nutraceutical valorization.
Technologies for Mechanical Recycling of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) Composites: End Mill, High-Energy Ball Milling, and Ultrasonication
Authors: Martínez-Franco Enrique , Gomez Culebro Victor Alfonzo , Franco-Urquiza E. A.
Published: August 2024

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have very high specific properties, which is why they are used in the aerospace, wind power, and sports sectors. However, the high consumption of CFRP compounds leads to a high volume of waste, and it is necessary to formulate mechanical recycling strategies for these materials at the end of their useful life. The recycling differences between cutting-end mills and high-energy ball milling (HEBM) were evaluated. HEBM recycling allowed us to obtain small recycled particles, but separating their components, carbon fiber, epoxy resin, and CFRP particles, was impossible. In the case of mill recycling, these were obtained directly from cutting a CFRP composite laminate. The recycled materials resulted in a combination of long fibers and micrometric particles—a sieving step allowed for more homogeneous residues. Although long, individual carbon fibers can pass through the sieve. Ultrasonication did not significantly affect HEBM recyclates because of the high energy they are subjected to during the grinding process, but it was influential on end mill recyclates. The ultrasonication amplitude notably impacted the separation of the epoxy resin from the carbon fiber. The end mill and HEBM waste production process promote the presence of trapped air and electrostatics, which allows recyclates to float in water and be hydrophobic.
The Effects of Pulsed Electrospinning Process Variables on the Size of Polymer Fibers Established with a 23 Factorial Design
Authors: Bartkowiak Aleksandra , Grzeczkowicz Marcin , Lewińska Dorota
Published: August 2024

In the present study, the influence of the electrical parameters of the pulsed electrospinning process, such as the electrical voltage, the frequency of pulses, and the pulse duration, on the structure of obtained nonwovens was determined for the first time. It was found that all the parameters studied strongly influence the average diameter of the obtained fibers and that the pulsed electrospinning process carried out under specific conditions makes it possible to obtain, among other things, bimodal nonwovens. A 23 factorial design was used to determine how the selected electrical parameters of the pulsed electrospinning process affect the structure of the resulting electrospun mats. It is shown, among other things, that by appropriately selecting the parameters of the electrospinning process, the thickness of fibers can be controlled, resulting in nonwovens with a desired morphology.
Insights into the Pattern of the Persistent Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil from a Six-Decade Historical Small-Scale Lead-Zinc Mine in Guangxi, China
Authors: Guo Mingfan , Xiao Yuliang , Zhang Jinxin , Wei Li , Wei Wenguang , Xiao Liang , Fan Rongyang , Zhang Tingting , Zhang Gang
Published: August 2024

Soil heavy metal pollution is one of the hottest topics in soil environmental research. There are a large number of small abandoned metal mines in China. Due to the lack of timely restoration and treatment, the heavy metal concentration in the soil within these mining areas often exceeds the local background levels, facilitating pollution spread to other natural factors such as precipitation, resulting in a wider extent of continuous contamination. This paper investigates the current status of heavy metal pollution in an abandoned small lead-zinc mine, particularly examining the concentrations of 10 specific heavy metals (V, Cr, Ni, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, Co) in soil samples. Additionally, it explores the extent of contamination caused by these heavy metals within the area. Besides, principal component analysis and positive matrix factorization model (PMF) were adopted to determine the sources of these heavy metals. The risk assessment of the pollution status was also carried out. The provision of a scientific basis for mining area management under similar conditions holds significant importance. The results indicate a significant positive correlation among the majority of these 10 heavy metals in soil. The presence of these heavy metals in the soil within the concentrator and tailings reservoir area primarily stems from mining operations, construction activities, and discharges from the power system. Hg, Pb, Zn, and As in the surrounding agricultural land mainly come from the heavy metal spillover from the mining area. Furthermore, the area is plagued by severe contamination from As and Pb. The Nemerow comprehensive index method has confirmed substantial pollution in both the concentrator and tailings reservoir. Additionally, there exists a substantial ecological risk ranging from moderate to high.
A Negative Way: Dionysian Apophaticism and the Experiential
Authors: Exall Maria
Published: August 2024

The experiential bias in modern understandings of spirituality has led to readings of the pre-modern texts of Pseudo-Dionysius as referring to “negative experiences” of faith. Denys Turner, Bernard McGinn, and others have outlined the mistaken “spiritual positivism” of such readings and their contrast with the negative dialectics of the classical apophatic tradition. Indeed, the philosophical parameters of the Christian mysticism of the Dionysian tradition would deny “mystical experience” to be “experience” as such. Nevertheless, several modern theologians have attempted to integrate interpretations of the experiential in Christian mysticism into their theology. These include Sara Coakley in the idea of spiritual sense in her theology of the body, Karl Rahner in the conception of spiritual touch within his theology of grace, and Louis Dupré’s view that there is religious significance in the experience of “emptiness” in modern-day atheism. I shall contrast these attempted integrations with the critique of “mystical experience” within classical understandings of apophaticism.
A Smart Approach to Electric Vehicle Optimization via IoT-Enabled Recommender Systems
Authors: Amudhavalli Padmanabhan , Zahira Rahiman , Umashankar Subramaniam , Fernando Xavier N.
Published: August 2024

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming of significant interest owing to their environmental benefits; however, energy efficiency concerns remain unsolved and require more investigation. A major issue is a lack of EV charging infrastructure, which can lead to operational difficulties. Effective infrastructure development, including well-placed charging stations (CS), is critical to enhancing connectivity. To overcome this, consumers want real-time data on charging station availability, neighboring station locations, and access times. This work leverages the Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) to enhance the information collection process for charging stations through the Internet of Things (IoT). The evolving IoT paradigm enables the use of sensors and data transfer to give real-time information. Strategic sensor placement helps forecast server access to neighboring stations, optimize vehicle scheduling, and estimate wait times. A recommender system is designed to identify stations with more rapidly charging rates, along with uniform pricing. In addition, the routing protocol has a privacy protection strategy to prevent unauthorized access and safeguard EV data during exchanges between charging stations and user locations. The system is simulated with MATLAB 2020a, and the data are controlled and secured in the cloud. The predicted algorithm’s performance is evaluated using several kinds of standards, including power costs, vehicle counts, charging costs, energy consumption, and optimization values.
Current Challenges in Monitoring Low Contaminant Levels of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Water Matrices in the Field
Authors: Medina Hector , Farmer Carson
Published: August 2024

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the United States recently released the first-ever federal regulation on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) for drinking water. While this represents an important landmark, it also brings about compliance challenges to the stakeholders in the drinking water industry as well as concerns to the general public. In this work, we address some of the most important challenges associated with measuring low concentrations of PFASs in drinking water in the field in real drinking water matrices. First, we review the “continuous monitoring for compliance” process laid out by the EPA and some of the associated hurdles. The process requires measuring, with some frequency, low concentrations (e.g., below 2 ppt or 2 ng/L) of targeted PFASs, in the presence of many other co-contaminants and in various conditions. Currently, this task can only (and it is expected to) be accomplished using specific protocols that rely on expensive, specialized, and laboratory-scale instrumentation, which adds time and increases cost. To potentially reduce the burden, portable, high-fidelity, low-cost, real-time PFAS sensors are desirable; however, the path to commercialization of some of the most promising technologies is confronted with many challenges, as well, and they are still at infant stages. Here, we provide insights related to those challenges based on results from ab initio and machine learning studies. These challenges are mainly due to the large amount and diversity of PFAS molecules and their multifunctional behaviors that depend strongly on the conditions of the media. The impetus of this work is to present relevant and timely insights to researchers and developers to accelerate the development of suitable PFAS monitoring systems. In addition, this work attempts to provide water system stakeholders, technicians, and even regulators guidelines to improve their strategies, which could ultimately translate in better services to the public.
Occurrence, Bioaccumulation, and Risk Assessment of Organophosphate Esters in Rivers Receiving Different Effluents
Authors: Da Shuyan , Wang Jun
Published: August 2024

Organophosphate esters (OPEs), as alternatives to brominated flame retardants, are extensively used in both production and daily life, with their environmental contamination and toxic effects being a concern. This study investigated the concentration levels, bioaccumulation, and ecological effects of OPEs in five different effluent-receiving rivers. The results demonstrate that the concentration range of Σ13OPEs across the five rivers was between 142.23 and 304.56 ng/L (mean: 193.50 ng/L). The highest pollution levels of OPEs were found in rivers receiving airport and industrial wastewater, followed by agricultural wastewater, mixed wastewater, and domestic wastewater. Tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP), triethyl phosphate (TEP), and tricresyl phosphate (TCrP) were identified as the main pollutants. The accumulation concentrations of OPEs in fish ranged from 54.0 to 1080.88 ng/g dw, with the highest bioaccumulation found in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, followed by Carassius auratus and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. The brain was the primary organ of accumulation, followed by the liver, gills, intestine, and muscle. Tri-n-propyl phosphate (TPeP) and TEP exhibited the highest bioconcentration, with log BAF values exceeding three. The bioaccumulation of OPEs was influenced by pollutant concentration levels, hydrophobic properties, and biological metabolism. Ecological risk assessment revealed that the cumulative risk values of Σ13OPEs ranged from 0.025 to 16.76, with TCrP being the major contributor. It posed a medium–low risk to algae but a high risk to crustaceans and fish.
Aflatoxin B1 Control by Various Pseudomonas Isolates
Authors: Papp Dóra Anna , Kocsubé Sándor , Farkas Zoltán , Szekeres András , Vágvölgyi Csaba , Hamari Zsuzsanna , Varga Mónika
Published: August 2024

The climate-change-coupled fungal burden in crop management and the need to reduce chemical pesticide usage highlight the importance of finding sustainable ways to control Aspergillus flavus. This study examines the effectiveness of 50 Pseudomonas isolates obtained from corn rhizospheres against A. flavus in both solid and liquid co-cultures. The presence and quantity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and AFB1-related compounds were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry analysis. Various enzymatic- or non-enzymatic mechanisms are proposed to interpret the decrease in AFB1 production, accompanied by the accumulation of biosynthetic intermediates (11-hydroxy-O-methylsterigmatocystin, aspertoxin, 11-hydroxyaspertoxin) or degradation products (the compounds C16H10O6, C16H14O5, C18H16O7, and C19H16O8). Our finding implies the upregulation or enhanced activity of fungal oxidoreductases and laccases in response to bacterial bioactive compound(s). Furthermore, non-enzymatic reactions resulted in the formation of additional degradation products due to acid accumulation in the fermented broth. Three isolates completely inhibited AFB1 or any AFB1-related compounds without significantly affecting fungal growth. These bacterial isolates supposedly block the entire pathway for AFB1 production in the fungus during interaction. Apart from identifying effective Pseudomonas isolates as potential biocontrol agents, this work lays the foundation for exploring new bacterial bioactive compounds.
The effects of LED lights in different colors on fattening performance, litter characteristics, meat properties, and some welfare parameters in broilers
Authors: Tekin Merve , Ünal Necmettin , Onbaşılar E. Ebru
Published: August 2024

Light is important for broiler rearing which can affect economically significant performance traits. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of daylight (DL), warm white (WWL) and blue light (BL) on broiler fattening performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, litter characteristics and welfare. In the study, 216 male chicks were used. Chicks were weighed and housed randomly in 3 light-controlled rooms (n=72), each containing 9 separate pens (8 chicks per pen). During the experiment body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, and feed-to-gain ratio were calculated weekly. Carcass yield and percentages of internal organs were determined. Tonic immobility duration, footpad, and breast burns of broilers, pH, and moisture of litter, cooking loss, and water-holding capacity of the breast meat were analyzed. At the end of six weeks of the experiment, the body weight (P<0.001), body weight gain (P<0.001), and total feed consumption (P<0.01) were lower, and feed-to-gain ratio (P<0.01) was higher for broilers reared under the BL. At the end of the fattening period, the tonic immobility duration, footpad & breast burns of broilers, and moisture & pH levels of the litter did not change according to the lighting groups (P>0.05). The differences among the groups in terms of, carcass yield, percentages of heart, liver, gizzard & abdominal fat, and examined meat properties were found as statistically insignificant (P>0.05). As a result, BL has a negative impact on the growth performance of broilers. However, carcass and carcass characteristics, litter parameters, meat quality and welfare characteristics were similar among examined light color groups.
Blockchain Technology as a Security Media for E-Commerce Transaction Process
Authors:   Departemen Manajemen, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia, Soegoto Eddy Soeryanto , Elfiyah E ,   Departemen Akuntansi, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia, Adilah N ,   Departemen Akuntansi, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia, Kamil N H ,   Departemen Sastra Inggris, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study is to design the application of blockchain technology in an e-commerce service. The method used in this research was qualitative descriptive analysis and supported by literature studies. The results show that applying this technology can reduce the potential loss of tax fraud in VAT reporting. Blockchain technology implementation is done to solve fraud, limit contact between purchases and sellers, and misuse personal data by increasing security and transparency by applying cryptocurrency in payments. This technology is also reliable to solve the problems of taxation and improve the efficiency of tax digitization. So it can be concluded that in the future, blockchain technology is one of the security systems for making e-commerce transactions and payment systems that are easier, more efficient, and well-documented so that can reduce fraud in VAT reporting by e-commerce.
Mind games' potential to increase learning: worth investigating further
Authors: Tarasiuk Nataliia , Osipchuk Nataliia , Prykhodko Ilona , Maslova Alina , Goncharova Olga
Published: August 2024

Gamification has been used to address educational challenges on a constant basis, but a gap remains in the effects of mind games on executive functions such as memorization, creativity, and cognitive flexibility. The current study outlines the influence of mind games for exploratory behavior and exploitatory behavior on memorization, creativity, and cognitive flexibility. These games were analyzed from the viewpoint of exploration-exploitation types’ characteristics. For quantitative data analysis, the paired t-test was carried out to compare pre- and post-experiemntal results, whereas the independent sample t-test was used for determining which set of mind games exerted more effect. Results demonstrated the prevalence of mind games for exploratory behavior on students’ memorization, creativity, and cognitive flexibility.
Legal mechanisms for gambling addiction protection: analysis of an emerging regulatory model in Ukraine
Authors: Toporetska Zoriana , Shcherbyna Leonid , Denysenko Olga , Bilan Stanislav , Kryshtafovych Orest
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this article is to analyze the legislation of Ukraine on the protection of gambling players from the formation of gambling addiction, to identify ways and means of protection, to evaluate their effectiveness and to formulate proposals for improving (strengthening) the protection of the rights of gambling players.

The research used general scientific and special scientific methods of scientific knowledge. In particular, the dialectical method of learning the phenomena of the surrounding reality, comparative-legal, systemic-structural, methods of logic (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy).

Many prevention measures have already been implemented in Ukraine. In addition, the player is protected by the right to receive free psychosocial assistance in the event of problems with gambling and free medical assistance in the event of a diagnosis of gambling addiction. The state also provides free socio-psychological rehabilitation of players during and after treatment for gaming addiction.

The disadvantage is the bringing of the player to administrative responsibility for participating in illegal gambling and the impossibility of recognizing him as a victim in criminal proceedings to compensate for the damage caused by the crime (engagement in the gambling business).
Populist orality in 21st Century latin american socialism: an analysis of political discourse
Authors: Alcívar-Trejo Carlos , Albert-Márquez José , Alfonso-Caveda Duniesky , Vergara-Romero Arnaldo
Published: August 2024

This article offers a review and reflection on the new forms of orality and transmission of speeches in the context of 21st Century Socialism. It is highlighted that politicians use language daily through speeches in order to convince the recipient of their point of view, which has generated new forms of political organization in South American countries.
The analysis focuses on the importance of political language in creating meanings and in the main political maneuvers, as well as the competition of political actors for the favors of the people in the civic scene. The relevance of discourse theory in understanding social relations and their transformation is highlighted, as well as the influence of populism on society's perception of media systems and their relationship with the "powers that be”.
Additionally, the use of political marketing, its impact on the persuasion and manipulation of public opinion, and the influence of ancient rhetoric on contemporary politics are addressed. The technological-cultural struggle between alternative ways of perceiving and arguing reality is mentioned, highlighting the importance of understanding discourse in its textual, situational, and social practice dimensions.
The article offers a comprehensive vision of populist orality in the context of 21st Century Socialism, highlighting its influence on politics, society, and the perception of reality in Latin America.
ChatGPT in English writing: experiences and perceptions of Saudi EFL students
Authors: Alshammri Awatif
Published: August 2024

This study explores the experiences and perceptions of Saudi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students using ChatGPT for language writing tasks. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five female undergraduate English majors at the University of Hail who utilized ChatGPT. The findings reveal significant advantages, including assistance with content structuring, feedback enhancement, and personalized support. However, concerns were raised regarding potential academic dishonesty, overreliance on the tool, and doubts about the accuracy of ChatGPT-generated references. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of ChatGPT's role in language education and offer guidance for educators and policymakers on the benefits and challenges of employing AI chatbots to enhance students' writing proficiency. The study concludes with recommendations for further research in this field.
International cooperation in public control of local governments: lessons for Ukraine
Authors: Kozin Anastasiia , Kozin Serhii , Kondratiuk Tetiana
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this article is to examine the legal framework and general theoretical aspects of the formation and implementation of state policy regarding public control over local self-government bodies, comparing regulations in Ukraine and European Union member states. The study employs dialectical, synthesis, and theoretical analysis methods to investigate public control in Ukraine, and systemic-structural, formal-logical, and comparative-legal methods to compare public control practices in Ukraine and other countries. The research highlights that international experience is crucial for improving the functioning of local self-government bodies in Ukraine, and public control over their activities is a factor stimulating the improvement of the implementation of their powers. The need for all countries to coordinate and improve the legal framework for effective cooperation at the municipal level is emphasized. The study notes that under martial law in Ukraine, methods of public control over the functioning of local self-government bodies are limited. Based on the analysis of the aforementioned works, forms of international cooperation in the field of public control over the exercise of local power have been determined.
Challenges and paradoxes in the regulation of scientific research in the EU: a comprehensive analysis
Authors: Tytska Yana
Published: August 2024

This article analyzes the legal regulation of scientific research in European Union law, examining the challenges and paradoxes the EU faces in this area. Through a systematic analysis of normative and programmatic documents, the crucial influence of EU law on shaping international scientific research standards is revealed. The study highlights the evolution of the European Research Area and the fundamental role of the Horizon Europe program in promoting scientific excellence and innovation. The findings have significant implications for EU research policy and its international cooperation in science and technology." The author applies a complex methodology including analysis and synthesis, structural, formal-legal methods, as well as approaches of scientific deduction and induction. The author argues that EU law has a significant impact on the development of international standards for scientific activity. Despite the absence of imperative supranational competence in the field of science, the EU has facilitated the formation of subsidiary mechanisms for funding and supporting scientific activity, leading to the establishment of sustainable institutions and mechanisms within the European Research Area and EU program systems such as “Horizon Europe”, which has resulted in a substantial evolution of standards for scientific activity. The author states that this primarily concerns scientific ethics, multiculturalism and non-discrimination, the evolution of views on transnational research, and the formation of a sustainable regime for funding and evaluating scientific projects.
Transplante de melanócitos no tratamento do Vitiligo
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Beatriz Freire , Carvalho Edson Luiz Castro de , Silva Iago Gouvea do Carmo e , Oliveira Igor Martins , Cunha Isadora Vargas , Correia João Pedro Carvalho , Oliveira Júlia Martins , Borges Leandro Vaz da Silva
Published: August 2024

Introdução: O vitiligo é uma doença dermatológica autoimune caracterizada pela perda de melanócitos funcionantes. Ocorre em cerca de 1% da população mundial, sendo a causa mais comum de despigmentação. Sua apresentação clínica é feita pela presença de máculas brancas que podem estar distribuídas em qualquer região do corpo de forma segmentar, não segmentar ou mista. As opções de tratamento são limitadas e muitas vezes não apresentam eficácia na repigmentação da pele. O transplante de melanócitos é uma modalidade que vem sendo explorada com novas técnicas cirúrgicas para aprimorar os resultados. Objetivos: O objetivo desse trabalho é compreender sobre o tratamento cirúrgico do vitiligo, suas indicações e efeitos adversos. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura em bases de dados eletrônicas Pubmed, Scielo e Portal CAPES. Foram utilizadas revisões sistêmicas e ensaios clínicos dos últimos 10 anos. Desenvolvimento: O tratamento cirúrgico do vitiligo é feito em caso de doenças estáveis e refratárias a partir de duas principais técnicas, a tecidual e a celular. Essas abordagens apresentam boas taxas de repigmentação da pele, entretanto é invasivo e, muitas vezes, apresentam alto custo e tempo prolongado. Conclusão: A cirurgia é opção com boa repigmentação, mas com diversas limitações. A melhor opção terapêutica para o vitiligo é individual para cada paciente, estando correlacionado com a extensão da doença, localização, estabilidade e condição financeira. A utilização de novas tecnologias para melhora da modalidade cirúrgica tem ser tornado uma opção a ser explorada para aprimorar os resultados das intervenções.
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE WORLDVIEW
Authors: Андрущакевич А.А.
Published: August 2024

Представляется попытка обосновать адекватный путь формирования мировоззрения граждан с использованием методологии и потенциала главной науки о человеке - психофизиологии (в разных её аспектах). Излагаются данные теоретического исследования по выявлению психофизиологических основ мировоззрения. Показана бесперспективность получения позитивного результата в понимании сущности человека с его специфическим сознанием в итоге обобщения накопленных данных. Обсуждаются возможности выполнения исследовательской задачи по раскрытию свойств, механизмов и сущности человеческого сознания. Представляется вероятный вклад психофизиологии как мировоззренческой науки в формирование личности.

An attempt is presented to substantiate an adequate way of forming the worldview of citizens using the methodology and potential of the main science of man - psychophysiology (in its various aspects). The article presents the data of theoretical research to identify the psychophysiological foundations of the worldview. It shows the futility of obtaining a positive result in understanding the essence of a person with his specific consciousness as a result of generalization of the accumulated data. The possibilities of performing a research task to reveal the properties, mechanisms and essence of human consciousness are discussed. The probable contribution of psychophysiology as a world outlook science to the formation of personality is presented.
LONGITUDINAL STUDY IN ADOLESCENT CHARACTER ACCENTUATIONS
Authors: Бартош Т.П. , Бартош О.П.
Published: August 2024

Под влиянием неблагоприятных климатических, социальных и экономических факторов, связанных с Севером , акцентуации характера могут служить дополнительным фактором уязвимости и приводить к развитию психических и психосоматических расстройств [1-2; 5]. Представляет интерес изучение акцентуаций характера путем наблюдения за подростками-северянами в их разном возрасте.

Under influence of North-related unfavorable climatic, social and economic factors, character accentuations can serve as an additional factor of vulnerability, and develop mental and psychosomatic disorders [1-2; 5]. Of interest is studying character accentuations by monitoring adolescent northerners at their different ages.