bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of cardiovascular risk prediction in Type 2 diabetes through federated cohorts in Europe
Authors: Carinci F , Pennells L , Kaptoge S , Petitjean C , Gualdi S , Benedetti M Massi , Di Angelantonio E
Published: October 2022

Background

The SCORE2 risk model has been recommended for cardiovascular risk assessment in individuals aged over 40 years without diabetes in 4 defined risk regions of Europe. We aimed to validate a novel SCORE2-DM model in Type 2 diabetes with additional risk factors mainly based on UK datasets, using federated databases from the EUBIROD network.

Methods

We defined a full operational protocol to implement a standard procedure for validation across contributing sources in Europe. The manual described inclusion/exclusion criteria (aged 40+, diagnosis of T2 diabetes at 30+, no prior CVD), risk factors measured over a baseline interval (1/2013-62015), target/competing events at follow-up (2015-2019). We specified a common data model with 9 steps required to process longitudinal records and deliver summary cohort data (one record per person). All rules were implemented in R and NeuBIRO, an original tool written in Java/Groovy and H2 SQL (https://github.com/eubirodnetwork/neubiro).

Results

Software was able to produce the following outputs at each source: distribution of risk factors by sex and 5-year age groups; Harrell's C-index and standard error of SCORE2 and SCORE2-DM by sex and 10-year age groups, C-index differences; average 5-year predictive vs observed risk by risk deciles; adjusted cumulative incidence of 5-year competing risk by sex and 5-year age groups. Code was packaged into a stand-alone bundle, with test data and coefficients ofthe SCORE2-DM model. The procedures allowed either creating cohort data autonomously to run the supplied R code, or let NeuBIRO complete all steps foreseen to deliver. Tests have been successfully completed in the derivation data, with results from federated databases expected to contribute to the final external validation of SCORE2-DM by midyear.

Conclusions

We defined a collaborative method to validate risk prediction models in high risk subgroups using international pooling of cohort data with privacy protection.

Key messages

• Collaborative methods to validate risk prediction models can enhance access to real world data for researchers across chronic diseases.

• Implementation of flexible and reusable source code can increase opportunities to use prediction models for robust clinical decision making in multimorbidity.
P. Morton Shand and the Promotion of Alvar Aalto
Authors: Dianat Alborz
Published: October 2022

This article reconsiders the success of Alvar Aalto in interwar Britain through the perspective of P. Morton Shand. As a journalist fluent in French and German, Shand introduced European Modernism to British architects. From 1930, he focused his efforts on Aalto, leading to the seminal exhibition of the Finnish designer’s furniture in 1933. By viewing the exhibition through the lens of Shand, this article points to the role of critics as active participants in interwar design culture, leading the promotion of modern design and blurring the lines between journalism and commercialized propaganda. While historians are productively describing the roles of consumers, critics and other nondesigners in design history, Shand has remained unappreciated, despite operating at the heart of many interwar exchanges. With the use of an uncataloged collection of his correspondence, this article reveals his individual impact in popularizing the furniture of Aalto.
Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a slaughterhouse
Authors: Kang W Y , Kim E Y , Choi S , Choi B S
Published: October 2022

We describe the case of a 52-year-old male who presented with two episodes of acute exacerbations (AE) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) during work, while suspending live chickens for slaughter. The patient was exposed to high levels of bioaerosols, including endotoxins and microorganisms. Endotoxins can induce bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation, and COPD patients are more vulnerable to airway infections caused by microorganisms inhaled with bioaerosols. This study suggests that a high level of bioaerosols may induce airway infections, resulting in acute exacerbations of COPD.
Efficacy of Early Inpatient Rehabilitation of Post COVID 19 Survivors-Single Center Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Cao Ning , Barcikowski Jaclyn , Womble Franklin , Martinez Bianca , Sergeyenko Yevgeniya , Koffer Jacob H. , Kwasniewski Michael , Watanabe Thomas , Xiao Rui , Esquenazi Alberto
Published: October 2022

Objective

To understand the demographic, clinical characteristics and effectiveness of early inpatient rehabilitation of post COVID survivors

Design

Single center retrospective chart review analysis of 100 patients admitted to newly created acute COVID rehab unit (CORE+) from April to December 2020.

Results

The demographic, clinical characteristics and complications of 100 post COVID patients were reviewed. Functional outcomes of GG self-care and mobility items of IRF-PAI (Version 3.0) at admission and discharge, prevalence of the oxygen requirement, the need of cognitive and neuropsychology support by discharge and the dispositions after completion of IRF were analyzed. The functional outcomes of 59 primary pulmonary manifestation of COVID patients were further analyzed based on presence of ICU stay prior to transfer to COVID Rehab unit. The majority of patients demonstrated significant functional gains after completion of IRF, however, a considerable number of patients continued to require cognitive support by discharge.

Conclusion

The data suggested the benefit of early rehabilitation for hospitalized post COVID patients. Services need to be geared to include patients’ cognitive deficits.
Pseudomonas lijiangensis sp. nov., a novel phytopathogenic bacterium isolated from black spots of tobacco
Authors: Lu Can-Hua , Han Tian-Hua , Jiang Ning , Gai Xiao-Tong , Cao Zheng-Hua , Zou Si-Yuan , Chen Wei , Ma Jun-Hong , Lin Zhong-Long , Li Jie , Liao De-Zhi , Zhang Li-Qun , Jin Yan , Xia Zhen-Yuan
Published: October 2022

Three Gram-stain-negative, motile, with amphilophotrichous flagella, and rod-shaped bacteria (LJ1, LJ2T and LJ3) were isolated from lower leaves with black spots on flue-cured tobacco in Yunnan, PR China. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicate that all the strains from tobacco were closely related to the type strains of the

Pseudomonas syringae

group within the

P. fluorescens

lineage and LJ2T has the highest sequence identities with

P. cichorii

DSM 50259T (99.92 %),

P. capsici

Pc19-1T (99.67 %) and

P. ovata

F51T (98.94 %) . The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities between LJ2T and other members of the genus

Pseudomonas

were below 98.50%. The average nucleotide identity by blast (ANIb) values between LJ2T and

P. cichorii

DSM 50259T,

P. capsici

Pc19-1T and

P. ovata

F51T were less than 95 %, and the in silico DNA–DNA hybridization (isDDH) values (yielded by formula 2) were less than 70 %. The major fatty acids were C16  :  1ω7c and/or C16  :  1ω6c (summed feature 3), C16  :  0 and C18  :  1ω7c and/or C18  :  1ω6c (summed feature 8). The polar lipids profile of LJ2T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, two unidentified phospholipids and one unidentified glycolipid. The predominant respiratory quinone was Q-9. The DNA G+C content of LJ2T was 58.4 mol%. On the basis of these data, we concluded that LJ2T represents a novel species of the genus

Pseudomonas

, for which the name Pseudomonas lijiangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Pseudomonas lijiangensis sp. nov. is LJ2T (=CCTCC AB 2021465T=GDMCC 1.2884T=JCM 35177T).
Streptomyces solincola sp. nov., isolated from soil in Malaysia
Authors: Lee Zi Ying , Ng Zoe Yi , Mohd. Nor Muhammad Nuruddin , Teo Wee Fei Aaron , Tan Geok Yuan Annie
Published: October 2022

A urease-producing Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated strain T5T, was isolated from a soil sample collected at a highway hillslope in Selangor, Malaysia. The strain was found to produce pale yellowish-pink aerial mycelia with smooth long chain spores and extensively branched light yellowish-pink substrate mycelia on oatmeal agar. Strain T5Tgrew at 15–37 °C, pH 6–11, and tolerated up to 9 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth occurring at 28 °C, pH 6–9 and without NaCl. The whole-cell sugar hydrolysate of strain T5Tcontained galactose, glucose and ribose. Thell-diaminopimelic acid isomer was detected in the cell wall. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol were found to be the predominant polar lipids. The main fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0and iso-C14 : 0. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain T5Tbelonged toStreptomycesof the familyStreptomycetaceaewith the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity toStreptomyces lichenisLCR6-01T(99.0 %). The overall genome relatedness indices revealed that the closest related species wasS. lichenisLCR6-01Twith 89.4 % average nucleotide identity and 33.7 % digital DNA–DNA hybridization. Phylogeny analyses showed that strain T5Twas closely related toStreptomyces fradiae,Streptomyces lavendofoliae,Streptomyces lichenis,Streptomyces roseolilacinusandStreptomyces somaliensis. Based on these polyphasic data, strain T5Trepresents a novel species, for which the nameStreptomyces solincolasp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is T5T(=TBRC 5137T= DSM 42166T).
MorphNet Predicts Cell Morphology from Single-Cell Gene Expression
Authors: Lee Hojae , Welch Joshua D.
Published: October 2022

Gene expression and morphology both play a key role in determining the types and functions of cells, but the relationship between molecular and morphological features is largely uncharacterized. We present MorphNet, a computational approach that can draw pictures of a cell’s morphology from its gene expression profile. Our approach leverages paired morphology and molecular data to train a neural network that can predict nuclear or whole-cell morphology from gene expression. We employ state-of-the-art data augmentation techniques that allow training using as few as 103images. We find that MorphNet can generate novel, realistic morphological images that retain the complex relationship between gene expression and cell appearance. We then train MorphNet to generate nuclear morphology from gene expression using brain-wide MERFISH data. In addition, we show that MorphNet can generate neuron morphologies with realistic axonal and dendritic structures. MorphNet generalizes to unseen brain regions, allowing prediction of neuron morphologies across the entire mouse isocortex and even non-cortical regions. We show that MorphNet performs meaningful latent space interpolation, allowing prediction of the effects of gene expression variation on morphology. Finally, we provide a web server that allows users to predict neuron morphologies for their own scRNA-seq data. MorphNet represents a powerful new approach for linking gene expression and morphology.
Migrants as “dissonant harmony-seekers” and migrant life in “foam”
Authors: Kars-Unluoglu Selen , Guneri Cangarli Burcu , Yurt Oznur , Gencer Mehmet
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Migration of the Turkish new middle-class – high-skilled, well-educated, young professionals – has been growing in recent years. This paper explores their migration experience and discusses the role of physical and virtual bubbles in the formation of transnational communities and processes of adjustment to a new place.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is based on a qualitative inquiry collecting data via semi-structured interviews with 18 London-based Turkish migrants and a digital ethnographic study of three Facebook groups that bring together the Turkish migrant community in Richmond, London.

Findings

Findings indicate that the migration of the new middle class differs conceptually from existing typologies. The paper proposes the concept of “dissonant harmony-seekers” and elaborates on their interactions to demonstrate that, in the Internet age, the traditional image of migrants living in isolated localised bubbles is no longer accurate. Findings also indicate a pragmatic and functional engagement with the bubbles, with migrants sporadically interacting with the bubbles to meet their individual needs in information, education and employment. 

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the literature with the concept of dissonant harmony-seekers, which will gain more visibility in a world where the trend of democratic decline and rising authoritarianism will motivate a migratory move for people who confront a moral dissociation from the civil order in their homeland. The engagement of dissonant harmony-seekers with migrant communities challenges the conventional thinking that social identity is central to creating and maintaining bubbles. The other contribution of the paper to the literature is the metaphor of “foam” to capture the ephemeral and fugacious nature of the dynamics of migrant communities and practices.
How perceived overqualification influences knowledge hiding from the relational perspective: the moderating role of perceived overqualification differentiation
Authors: Wu Zhouyue , Zhou Xiaohu , Wang Qiao , Liu Jingjing
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Previous studies have examined the emotional mechanism between perceived overqualification and knowledge hiding. Based on a relational perspective, this study aims to draw on social comparison theory to reveal the cognitive mechanism of perceived overqualification on knowledge hiding, along with the mediating effect of relational identification. This research conceptualizes perceived overqualification differentiation and reveals the moderating effect of perceived overqualification differentiation on strengthening the link between perceived overqualification and knowledge hiding.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper conducts two times lagged research, addresses a sample of 216 employees nested in 47 groups from technology or R&D industries and uses structural equation modeling to test an original model.

Findings

The results show that perceived overqualification positively affects knowledge hiding; relational identification mediates this relationship; perceived overqualification differentiation moderates the effect of perceived overqualification on relational identification as well the indirect effect of perceived overqualification on knowledge hiding via relational identification.

Originality/value

This paper shows the cognitive mechanism of perceived overqualification on knowledge hiding. Moreover, this study also extends current perceived overqualification literature from a single individual level/a dyad level to a complex team level by conceptualizing the perceived overqualification differentiation. The research findings are helpful to guide team talent management and knowledge management in business management practice.
Do socially responsible audit firms provide higher audit quality? An investigation of corporate social responsibility activity in audit firms
Authors: Chen Hanwen , Liu Siyi , Liu Xin , Wang Jiani
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The paper aims to examine the corporate social responsibility (CSR) activity of audit firms.

Design/methodology/approach

Using hand-collected data on all Chinese audit firms’ CSR activities from 2007 to 2020, this study constructs two measures to proxy for audit firms’ CSR engagement: a dummy variable to indicate whether an auditor engages in CSR activities in year t and the frequency with which auditors conduct CSR activities in year t. The authors use ordinary least squares regression as a baseline methodology, along with the entropy balancing method and instrumental variable approach to alleviate potential endogeneity concerns.

Findings

The baseline results show that socially responsible audit firms provide higher quality audit services than their counterparts. In particular, the authors find that clients audited by socially responsible audit firms are less likely to receive an aggressively clean opinion. Moreover, the findings suggest that CSR activities related to community and employees are more relevant in improving audit quality compared with those related to other dimensions of CSR. Further analyses show that capital markets and audit clients react positively to audit-firm CSR activity. Audit firms engaging in CSR increase their audit inputs in response to risky clients, as compared with their counterparts. Finally, cross-sectional analyses show that the positive relationship is more pronounced for non-Big 4 and non-industry experts and is attenuated by within-firm geographic dispersion. In terms of client characteristics, the positive effect of audit-firm CSR is stronger when their clients face the higher financial risk or have lower CSR awareness than others. Taken together, these findings are consistent with the ethical view of audit-firm CSR engagement.

Practical implications

The study advances investors’ understanding of audit-firm CSR engagement and helps them evaluate the credibility of audited financial reports. Besides, the findings may also help guide the audit firms to conduct more CSR activities and help guide the audit clients to choose CSR audit firms.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study provides the first large-sample evidence by empirically examining the association between audit-firm CSR activity and audit service performance. Besides, this paper also explores audit-firm CSR activity from two competing perspectives, thereby providing a comprehensive understanding of this issue. Finally, this work responds to the call for more CSR research in emerging markets.
Corporate opinion leadership on professional social media
Authors: Korzynski Pawel , Paniagua Jordi , Mazurek Grzegorz
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study investigates online corporate opinion leadership on professional social media from two different perspectives: first, how corporate opinion leadership indicated by corporate followers is related to company revenue and second, what are the drivers and mediators of corporate opinion leadership?

Design/methodology/approach

The authors randomly selected more than 300 companies with active profiles on LinkedIn from the S&P 500 list and then collected data on corporate followers as an indicator of corporate opinion leadership and revenue during a year. Moreover, the authors collected daily information on content generated by companies, users, and employees such as job posts, users' reactions to posts, and employee profiles during a 44-day period, which allowed the authors to apply panel estimation techniques to estimate the determinants of corporate opinion leadership.

Findings

The estimation results reveal that corporate opinion leadership and business revenue are positively and significantly correlated. Furthermore, after controlling for firm fixed effects and endogeneity, the authors show that corporate, user and employee-generated content (mediated by groups and skills) have a significant impact on corporate opinion leadership.

Practical implications

Individual online opinion leaders are currently paying considerable attention to practitioners. However, professional networking platforms have also created an opportunity to establish corporate opinion leaders who may play an important role in business. The study provides useful and practical insights on the activities that companies can undertake to develop corporate opinion leadership.

Originality/value

This study seeks to expand previous research on opinion leadership with a focus on the corporate dimension, which is increasingly visible on professional networking platforms. Contrary to former research that collected data on perceived opinion leadership, the authors obtained data directly from LinkedIn. Moreover, the authors contribute to signaling and social identity theories by exploring how professional networking platforms constitute an environment for signaling and developing multiple professional identities.
Equity theory in action: how to attract locals into nursing jobs
Authors: Ryan James C.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The current paper explores the use of equity theory in understanding the challenges of workforce localization of healthcare professionals in an international context.

Design/methodology/approach

Utilizing the Delphi method with a team of senior healthcare professionals, equity theory framed the discussions and aided in understanding the managerial challenges of recruiting and retaining Saudi nurses.

Findings

The article highlights how careful contextual considerations should be made when making referent choices to ensure the most effective and useful application of equity theory.

Practical implications

A series of managerial implications are outlined for improving the localization of the nursing workforce of Saudi Arabia and beyond.

Originality/value

Equity theory assists in addressing the decades old problem of localizing the Saudi nursing workforce, by proposing a hitherto unconsidered referent of public sector employees, rather than the conventional referent of expatriate nurses.
Exploring the carbon footprints of economic growth, foreign investment, energy dependency and financial development: does EKC work in GCC region?
Authors: Tabash Mosab I. , Farooq Umar , El Refae Ghaleb A. , Qasim Amer
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The present study aims to investigate the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) by exploring the role of various economic factors including economic development, foreign investment, human capital, energy dependency, financial development (FD), etc., in CO2 emissions.

Design/methodology/approach

For empirical analysis, the samples for the years 2001–2019 of six GCC region countries that apply the fully modified ordinary least squares model were utilized.

Findings

The statistical results show that economic development, foreign investment, energy dependency, human capital and oil rents have a direct impact on CO2 emissions, whereas trade liberalization and FD have an indirect impact. Nonetheless, the empirical analysis rejects the EKC hypothesis in the set of GCC region countries. The empirical findings in connection to the basic premises of the EKC model are found to be statistically constant for the linear relationship. The GCC region is rigid regarding CO2 emission because of its reliance on main energy sources like oil and gas.

Research limitations/implications

The current analysis directs the policy recommendations about environmental sustainability to environmental economists and other policymakers. The development of such policy instruments as the adoption of contemporary technology and reduced reliance on fossil fuels is advised to mitigate the negative externalities of multiple economic factors. Similarly, future studies should focus on trade liberalization and FD, both of which have a declining trend in CO2 emissions.

Originality/value

The present study is innovative by means of testing the EKC model and exploring how other factors related to CO2 emissions in the GCC region.
Contrasting the role of trustworthy versus fair supervisors in organizational justice models of policing outcomes
Authors: Peacock Robert Patrick , Kutnjak Ivkovich Sanja , Borovec Krunoslav , Cajner Mraovic Irena
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Though contemporary police organizational behavior scholars often limit their measure of organizational justice to just supervisory procedural justice, this study examines how the additional dimensions of supervisor trustworthiness and peer procedural justice compare with procedural justice in their role shaping police outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey of 638 police officers in Zagreb, Croatia, was used to regress three separate dimensions of organizational justice on key officer attitudes toward their duties.

Findings

The authors found that supervisor trustworthiness and peer procedural justice were the dominant predictors of officers' rule compliance and trust in the public.

Originality/value

The findings suggest that police scholars and practitioners seeking to better understand the role of officer judgments on resisting agency reform should consider the precedent in corporate behavior research to specifically test the unique roles of multiple components of police organizational behavior on policing outcomes.
AMO model for neuro-inclusive remote workplace
Authors: Szulc Joanna Maria
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The aim of this article is to extend current debates on organizational equality, diversity and inclusion to a consideration of neurodivergence in the remote workplace context.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on the ability, motivation, and opportunity (AMO) model and an emerging strength-based approach to neurodiversity, this conceptual paper integrates research on neurodiversity at work and remote working to provide a novel AMO model for a neuro-inclusive remote workplace.

Findings

Through a theoretically informed discussion of barriers to effective remote work from the perspective of neurominorities, the AMO model for the neuro-inclusive remote workplace is offered to assist organizations in creating an inclusive remote work environment where both neurominorities and neurotypicals can equally contribute to organizational success. Specific examples of how certain barriers to effective remote work can be mitigated are outlined and explained.

Practical implications

The conceptual model presented in this paper can assist HR practitioners in developing a comprehensive approach to skill, motivation, and opportunity-enhancing practices that are tailored to the unique needs of neurominorities in a specific context of remote work to generate mutual gains.

Originality/value

The model of interactions between individual and system factors offered enables a better theoretical understanding of the conditions under which high performance of neurodivergent individuals could be achieved with an associated positive impact on their well-being. The paper contributes to recent calls for more equitable and empathetic approaches to investing in employees with different cognitive profiles and does so in the underexplored context of remote work.
Reflection seismic imaging across a greenstone belt, Abitibi (Ontario), Canada
Authors: Cheraghi Saeid , Hloušek Felix , Buske Stefan , Malehmir Alireza , Adetunji Ademola , Haugaard Rasmus , Snyder David , Vayavur Rajesh
Published: October 2022

Established 2D seismic data processing methods such as Kirchhoff pre‐stack time migration and Kirchhoff pre‐stack depth migration function relatively well for regular acquisition geometries and well‐constrained velocity models. Recently developed focusing pre‐stack depth migration methods have the potential to enhance image quality in the case of sparse and non‐regular source–receiver distribution. We have tested the performance of the coherency migration method as one of these focusing migration approaches in comparison to standard dip‐moveout and Kirchhoff pre‐stack time migration techniques by applying them to the Swayze East seismic profile acquired in the Abitibi greenstone belt of Canada. This seismic profile represents a crooked‐line survey that intersects several metal‐bearing deformation zones, providing good target geometries to examine various pre‐stack migration methods. Analysis of the seismic data indicates reflectivity associated with shallowly dipping reflections appears relatively well preserved over the entire 0–6 km offset range for the frequency range between 20 to 90 Hz. Although most reflections are visible already in either the dip‐moveout or the Kirchhoff pre‐stack time migration results, the coherency migration method delivers the most improved image showing all reflective structures inferred for this area. The comparisons suggest the coherency migration method can be considered as superior in terms of resulting seismic image quality compared with conventional approaches for this type of crooked‐line seismic survey in such a complex geological setting.
Bison Herds and Indian Corn: Interspecies Matriarchs and Revitalised Foodways in the Fort Peck Reservation
Authors: Dower Becca
Published: October 2022

For Turtle Island's Buffalo Nations – those sharing a common food system with bison at the centre – herds are a food source, as well as relatives and pillars of cultural continuity. Bison give life while exemplifying it to their tribal relatives who learned from the herds’ matriarchal organisation. Other matriarchs, including regional seeds, offer their own cultural teachings to help balance buffalo foodways. Colonial annihilation of these interspecies relatives was an attack on Indigenous People's relationships and lifeways. Re‐centring these knowledge systems and ways of being is a priority in asserting tribal sovereignty and revitalising foodways. To do so, two initiatives in the Fort Peck Reservation are using contemporary tools, interlaced with cultural knowledge to increase access to Indigenous foods. First at the Fort Peck Bison Ranch where community members organise a hunt and oversee animal transfers to other communities re‐establishing their own cultural herds. Further, Woicago Tipi, a Fort Peck gardening project, is working to rematriate Indigenous seed varieties so that they may continue to adapt to the regional climate and rebalance Buffalo Nation food systems.
All the President's men. Leadership style, advisory system and Donald Trump's mixed record in foreign policy
Authors: Carati Andrea , Locatelli Andrea
Published: October 2022

Donald Trump was expected to dismantle the internationalist approach that has dominated US foreign policy since the end of the Second World War. However, his impact is narrower than is commonly supposed. In some areas, he was able to generate some significant change, while in many others he failed to pursue his revisionist agenda. This article explores the reasons for this surprising result by investigating the relationship between Trump's leadership style and his advisory system. Building on the model of Preston and t'Hart it elaborates a new framework for presidents with leadership traits similar to Trump's, namely, a high need for power, low conceptual complexity, and low experience. The model presents two opposite ideal‐types of interaction between the President and their advisory system – ‘presidential predominance’ vs. ‘presidential permissiveness’ – that help us better understand how Trump failed in certain issue areas and succeeded in others. The model is then tested on two case studies, one in which the president failed and the other in which he achieved his goals. These are respectively the cases of NATO and the World Health Organization (WHO).
Early recurrence factors in patients with stage III non‐small cell lung cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Takahara Yutaka , Tanaka Takuya , Ishige Yoko , Shionoya Ikuyo , Yamamura Kouichi , Sakuma Takashi , Nishiki Kazuaki , Nakase Keisuke , Nojiri Masafumi , Kato Ryo , Shinomiya Shohei , Oikawa Taku , Mizuno Shiro
Published: October 2022

Background

The clinical characteristics and risk factors for cancer recurrence have not been well evaluated regarding early recurrence in patients with unresectable locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (LA‐NSCLC) who receive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

The aim of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics and risk factors of patients with stage III unresectable LA‐NSCLC treated with CRT who developed early recurrence.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 46 patients diagnosed with stage III unresectable LA‐NSCLC treated with CRT at our center between July 2012 and July 2021. A tumor proportion score (TPS) < 50% was defined as “low expression” and a TPS > 50% was defined as “high expression.”

Results

A total of 17 (37.0%) patients had a confirmed recurrence within 1 year of treatment. More patients had a lower body mass index in the early recurrence group than in the later recurrence group (p = 0.038). A higher number of patients in the late recurrence group underwent surgery after CRT (p = 0.036). Patients with a higher TPS were more likely to experience late recurrence than early recurrence (p = 0.001), whereas more patients with stage N3 disease were in the early recurrence group (p = 0.011). Multivariate analysis identified lower TPS expression as an independent risk factor for early recurrence after CRT. Overall survival was prolonged in the late recurrence group (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

A lower TPS may be a predictor of early recurrence after CRT in patients with LA‐NSCLC. These patients should be closely monitored for post‐treatment recurrence.
Gender differences in cocaine‐induced hyperactivity and dopamine transporter trafficking to the plasma membrane
Authors: Deng Jing , Zheng Xirong , Shang Linyue , Zhan Chang‐Guo , Zheng Fang
Published: October 2022

As well known, cocaine induces stimulant effects and dopamine transporter (DAT) trafficking to the plasma membrane of dopaminergic neurons. In the present study, we examined cocaine‐induced hyperactivity along with cocaine‐induced DAT trafficking and the recovery rate of the dopaminergic system in female rats in comparison with male rats, demonstrating interesting gender differences. Female rats are initially more sensitive to cocaine than male rats in terms of both the DAT trafficking and hyperactivity induced by cocaine. Particularly, intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 5 mg/kg cocaine induced significant hyperactivity and DAT trafficking in female rats but not in male rats. After repeated cocaine exposures (i.e., i.p. administration of 20 mg/kg cocaine every other day from Day 0 to Day 32), cocaine‐induced hyperactivity in female rats gradually became a clear pattern of two phases, with the first phase of the hyperactivity lasting for only a few minutes and the second phase lasting for over an hour beginning at ~30 min, which is clearly different from that of male rats. It has also been demonstrated that the striatal DAT distribution of female rats may recover faster than that of male rats after multiple cocaine exposures. Nevertheless, despite the remarkable gender differences, our recently developed long‐acting cocaine hydrolase, known as CocH5‐Fc(M6), can similarly and effectively block cocaine‐induced DAT trafficking and hyperactivity in both male and female rats.
Prevalence of oral HPV in the adult sample population in Sydney
Authors: Rumianek B , Hillman R , Jeoffreys N , Ghazanfar S , Schifter M , Ajwani S
Published: October 2022

Background

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas are increasing in incidence. Risk factors include sexual behaviour, high‐risk oral HPV infection and poor oral hygiene. We aimed to provide initial information on the prevalence and assess the feasibility of testing in dental settings.

Methods

Patients ≥18 years old attending dental clinics in Sydney, Australia, were recruited, oral hygiene assessed, and 10 mL saline oral rinses obtained. Rinses were tested for HBG and HPV by PCR. Participants completed demographic and behavioural questionnaires.

Results

The mean age was 48 years, of whom 131 (43.6%) were male. HPV genotypes, one each of 16, 66, 51, 35 and 58 in five participants, and 18 and 52 in one participant, were detected in six samples (2.0%), all men. Oral sex was reported by 89 (67.9%) male participants. One participant (4.3%) of the 23 with poor OH had at least one HPV genotype detected.

Discussion

With dental patients willing to provide rinse samples and disclose potentially sensitive information, we found the hrHPV prevalence of 2%. Given large proportions of the general population attending dental clinics regularly, dentists may be ideally placed to screen for oropharyngeal carcinoma and contribute to the currently limited knowledge of oral HPV prevalence in Australian adults. © 2022 Australian Dental Association.
Gross anatomy, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and bone mineral densitometry of the ovine metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joint
Authors: Ghaderi Saeed , Goodarzi Nader
Published: October 2022

This study was aimed to provide anatomical atlas of the ovine metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joints using computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as to investigate bone mineral density (BMD) and morphometric features of this joint. The limbs of twenty adult Sanjabi sheep were examined. Imaging was performed using a 16‐slice multi‐detector CT scanner and a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner. The obtained images were correlated with corresponding anatomical sections. BMD was measured by Dual Energy X‐ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) method. Also morphometric features included distance between metacarpal and metatarsal heads, width of metacarpal and metatarsal head, length, width and the height of the proximal sesamoid bones were measured. In MRI images, compact bones, ligaments and tendons showed less signal intensity (hypointense). The fatty tissue and bone marrow had more signal intensity (hyperintense), but articular cartilage and synovial fluid showed moderate signal intensity. BMD in the left hind limb was significantly higher than other three limbs (p ≤ 0.05). The length of proximal sesamoid bones in left forelimb was higher than right forelimb (p ≤ 0.05). The thickness of proximal sesamoid bones in left limbs was higher than those in their counterparts (p ≤ 0.05). The width of the medial head in the forelimbs was significantly greater than the hind limbs (p ≤ 0.05). The present results might be useful in managing the clinical techniques on this joint. Larger volume of the proximal sesamoid bones and wider medial head in the forelimbs compared to the hindlimbs impel this speculation that the centre of gravity is closer to the forelimbs.
Prognostic value of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status and systemic therapy in breast cancer with brain metastases treated with radiotherapy
Authors: Tsuruoka Shintaro , Kataoka Masaaki , Uwatsu Kotaro , Makita Kenji , Tsuruoka Kota , Takata Noriko , Ishikawa Hirofumi , Hamamoto Yasushi , Mochizuki Teruhito , Kido Teruhito
Published: October 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the prognostic value of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status and how to use HER2‐targeted therapy in breast cancer (BC) with brain metastases (BM) treated with radiotherapy.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the data of 103 BC patients with parenchymal BM treated with radiotherapy. We collected data on the hormone receptor (HR), HER‐2 amplification status, and systemic therapy after treatment for BM. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS), which was calculated from the diagnosis of BM to death.

Results

The median follow‐up time from the diagnosis of the first BM was 9.1 months (range, .7–88 months). The 2‐year OS of the HR‐positive and HER2‐positive (HR+HER2+) BC (31.3 mo) was significantly better than those of the HR‐HER2+ (9,5 mo, p=.002), HR+HER2‐ (9.9mo, p=.003), and triple‐negative BC (3.9 mo, p<.001) ( . Of the 36 HER2‐positive patients, 31 patients treated with HER2‐targeted therapy after radiotherapy for BM had a significantly better 2‐year OS than those who did not receive HER2‐targeted therapy (43% vs. 0%; p < .001). Among the 31 patients treated with HER2‐targeted therapy, the 2‐year OS for those treated with multiple anti‐HER2 agents during the entire course of treatment was significantly higher than that for patients treated with a single agent (60% vs. 24%; p = .006).

Conclusions

HR+HER2+ BC patients with BM treated with radiotherapy show a better prognosis than other subtypes. For HER2‐positive patients with good prognosis, it may be important to continue HER2‐targeted therapy appropriately after radiotherapy for BM.
Falshfasad
Authors: MURAWSKI MICHAŁ
Published: October 2022

Zaryadye Park is an extravagant landscaping project–cum–multimedia attraction that opened in 2017 adjacent to Moscow's Kremlin. This article opens with a short reflection on the portents of war legible, with the benefit of hindsight, in Zaryadye's design. It navigates the thicket of aesthetics, ideologies, ecologies, and economies blossoming in Zaryadye, interrogating propagandistic characterizations of it as an ethereal terrain where infrastructure is altogether displaced by emotion, leisure, spectacle, and nature. Zaryadye has its Muscovite specificities, but it is merely one incarnation of a globally emergent architectural ideology—pseudo‐ecological, infrastructure‐disavowing—which I call “wild capitalist.” Looking for the locus of Zaryadye's really existing infrastructure(s), this article peers behind itsfalshfasady(false facades)—oversized tarps camouflaging the unsightly “reality” of construction work in 21st‐century Moscow. Methodologically, the article makes the case for a Marxist ethnographic realism as a suitable lens for depicting reality‐in‐motion in the wild‐capitalist moment. [infrastructure, architecture, postsocialism, fakeness, Marxism, materialism, realism, Moscow, Russia]
Comparison of transplant outcomes between haploidentical transplantation and single cord blood transplantation in non‐remission acute myeloid leukaemia: A nationwide retrospective study
Authors: Matsuda Kensuke , Konuma Takaaki , Fuse Kyoko , Masuko Masayoshi , Kawamura Koji , Hirayama Masahiro , Uchida Naoyuki , Ikegame Kazuhiro , Wake Atsushi , Eto Tetsuya , Doki Noriko , Miyakoshi Shigesaburo , Tanaka Masatsugu , Takahashi Satoshi , Onizuka Makoto , Kato Koji , Kimura Takafumi , Ichinohe Tatsuo , Takayama Nobuyuki , Kobayashi Hikaru , Nakamae Hirohisa , Atsuta Yoshiko , Kanda Junya , Yanada Masamitsu
Published: October 2022

Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a potentially curative treatment for some patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) who are refractory to chemotherapy. Cord blood transplantation (CBT) is a reasonable option in such cases because of its rapid availability. Recently, a growing number of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐haploidentical related donor HSCTs (haplo‐HSCTs) have been performed, although its effectiveness remains undetermined. Using the Japanese nationwide transplantation registry data, we identified 2438 patients aged ≥16 years who received CBT or haplo‐HSCT as their first transplant for non‐remission AML between January 2008 and December 2018. After 2:1 propensity score matching, 918 patients in the CBT group and 459 patients in the haplo‐HSCT group were selected. In this matched cohort, no significant difference in overall survival (OS) was observed between the CBT and haplo‐HSCT groups (hazard ratio [HR] of haplo‐HSCT to CBT 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89–1.16). Similarly, no significant difference in the cumulative incidence of relapse (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.93–1.28) or non‐relapse mortality (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.76–1.18). Subgroup analysis showed that CBT was significantly associated with preferable OS in patients receiving myeloablative conditioning. Our data showed comparable outcomes between haplo‐HSCT and CBT recipients with non‐remission AML.
United we stand, divided we fall. Multicentre standardization of measurable residual disease assessment in acute leukaemia is the way forward
Authors: Chatterjee Gaurav , Patkar Nikhil
Published: October 2022

Assessment of measurable residual disease (MRD) using multiparameter flow cytometry in precursor B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is routine. However, studies on the harmonization of laboratory techniques as well as on the interpretation of results are limited. Here, Ikoma‐Colturato and colleagues from Brazil demonstrate multicentric standardization of B‐ALL MRD using EuroFlow protocols.

Commentary on: Ikoma‐Colturato et al., Multicentric standardization of minimal/measurable residual disease in B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia using next‐generation flow cytometry in a low/middle‐level income country. Br J Haematol 2023;200:381‐384.
Intraoperative rapid immunohistochemistry with noncontact antibody mixing for undiagnosed pulmonary tumors
Authors: Imai Kazuhiro , Nanjo Hiroshi , Shigeeda Wataru , Sugai Tamotsu , Ito Tomoo , Maniwa Yoshimasa , Takashima Shinogu , Saito Hajime , Yanagawa Naoki , Tanaka Yugo , Doi Takefumi , Hiroshima Yuko , Nomura Kyoko , Tanino Mishie , Tanaka Shinya , Minamiya Yoshihiro ,   the R‐IHC Study Group
Published: October 2022

Knowledge of the histologic type and primary origin of pulmonary tumors is essential when preparing a surgical strategy. Intraoperative diagnosis of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained frozen sections is the gold standard, but reliable pathology requires time‐consuming immunohistochemistry (IHC) to distinguish among histological types/organ origins and to analyze molecular status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical reliability of a new rapid‐IHC technique for intraoperative diagnosis of pulmonary tumors. In total, 169 patients with undiagnosed pulmonary tumors were enrolled in a multicenter prospective observational study. At three institutes, pulmonary tumor samples were collected through core needle biopsy and/or surgery to determine surgical strategies. Using a new device for rapid IHC, we applied a high‐voltage, low‐frequency alternating current (AC) field, which mixes the available antibody as the voltage is switched on/off. Rapid IHC can provide tumor histologic type/origin diagnoses within 20 min, as opposed to the 3–6 h required for conventional IHC. No false diagnoses of malignancy were rendered in any of the cases when using simple H&E staining. With H&E staining alone, the overall definitive diagnosis rate, the rate of defined tumor origin, and the rate of determined histological type were 76.92%, 85.80%, and 90.53%, respectively. When rapid IHC was added, those rates were significantly improved to 88.76%, 94.67%, and 91.72%, respectively. By providing prompt and accurate intraoperative histological/molecular analysis, rapid IHC driven by AC mixing could serve as an effective clinical tool guiding the surgical strategy for undiagnosed pulmonary tumors.
Beyond survival: Strengthening community‐based support for parents receiving a family service intervention
Authors: Goff Rachel , Sadowski Christina , Bagley Kerryn
Published: October 2022

This paper presents parents' experiences of community support and their recommendations for how their communities, and the services within them, might support their families. Generated through a human‐centred design methodology and using a desire‐centred framework, the findings suggest that parents receiving a family service require support invoking feelings of intimacy, trust, reciprocity, inclusivity, connection and belonging. Parents' recommendations for community support include addressing material and attitudinal constraints impacting on engagement with services; creating non‐judgmental services tailored to their needs but accessed as a last resort; and creating peer‐based opportunities to support each other. Parents reflect that moving beyond basic survival of risk and vulnerability to a position where thriving is possible requires purposeful integration of parent's existing and desired community into service interventions. Facilitating deliberate change at the intersection of community and service support is pertinent to current and future social work policy and practice. Wider opportunities for understanding and enabling the needs and aspirations of parents, which are often overlooked because of a focus on addressing risk and vulnerability, are considered.