bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navigating the science policy interface: A co-created mind-map for early career researchers
Authors: Washbourne Carla-Leanne , Murali Ranjini , Saidi Nada , Peter Sophie , Fontanella Pisa Paola , Sarzynski Thuan , Ryu Hyeonju , Filyushkina Anna , Campagne C. Sylvie , Kadykalo Andrew , Ávila-Flores Giovanni , Amiar Taha
Published: April 2023

The science-policy interface (SPI) is a complex space, in theory and practice, that sees the interaction of various actors and perspectives coming together to enable scientific knowledge to support decision-making. Early Career Researchers (ECRs) are increasingly interested in engaging with SPI, with the number of opportunities to do so increasing at national and international levels. However, there are still many challenges limiting ECRs participation, not least how such a complex space can be entered and navigated. While recommendations for engaging with SPI already exist, these do not always connect deeply enough with the context in which ECRs find themselves working. With the purpose of facilitating the engagement of ECRs working in biodiversity and ecosystem services in SPI, the authors have co-created a ‘mind-map’ - a navigational aid to help understand the landscape of and leverage access to SPI. This mind-map was developed through reviewing published literature, collating personal experiences of the ECR authors, and collecting perspectives in an ECR workshop during the 7th Plenary of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). This co-created mind map sees ECR engagement in SPI as an interaction of three main factors: the environment of the ECR, which mediates their acts of engagement with SPI leading to outcomes that will ultimately have a reciprocal impact on the ECR’s environment.
Methodological aspects of cost accounting and calculation of the cost of it services
Authors: Yeremіan Olena , Yaroshenko Anna
Published: April 2023

The article examines the essence of the concept of «IT-service» and provides a critical assessment of the state of regulatory regulation of the costing of services. It is found that the insufficiency of regulatory regulation and the lack of theoretical research on the choice of an organizational and methodological model of costing information products and services in practice encourage adaptation of the general costing methodology without taking into account the peculiarities of the technology of providing IT-services (production of IT-products), which reduces the reliability of costing calculations and does not contribute to the adoption of effective management decisions. Therefore, based on the study of scientific works, the significant differences inherent in IT-services were defined and systematized, and the specific features of IT-services and their provision technologies were determined. It has been proven that the established features of IT-services have a significant impact on the organization and methodology of cost accounting for the provision of IT-services. It was concluded that the most adequate to the nature of IT-services and the features of the technology of their provision is the non-contract (project) method of accounting with the detailing of production costs by customers, IT-projects and types of information services. Taking into account the requirements of the current regulatory framework and the technological features of the provision of IT-services, the composition of cost items for the implementation of IT-projects has been identified, which will contribute to streamlining the accounting of costs and calculating the cost of IT-services. In order to take into account the peculiarities of the provision of IT-services, the ratio of cost accounting objects and calculation objects is proposed, and calculation units are differentiated depending on the type of IT -services. Taking into account the insignificant amount of indirect costs for the provision of information services, a traditional approach to their distribution using a single basis – the working time of programmers – is proposed. An organizational and methodological model of project costing of IT-services is proposed. The practical application of the given proposals will ensure the complete inclusion of costs in the cost of IT-services, the reliability of cost calculations, and the improvement of the quality of management decision-making.
Anti-crisis management of insurance companies
Authors: Lashchyk Iryna , Mytrovtsi Mykhailo
Published: April 2023

The article analyzes various approaches to defining the concept of anti-crisis management, in which anti-crisis management is interpreted as a set of measures of the state (anti-crisis management at the macro level) and the management of a specific financial institution (anti-crisis management at the micro level). The data on the change in macroeconomic indicators of the world's leading economies and the risks to the global economy provoked by russia's full-scale war against Ukraine are collected and systematized. The current state of the world economy, the processes that the full-scale invasion initiated in it, the magnitude of the growth of energy prices, interest rates, inflation rates in the context of the world's largest economies, macroeconomic indicators of Ukraine, namely the scale of the collapse of the Ukrainian economy as a result of the war, the dynamics of GDP, inflation, and the forecast dynamics of the inflation rate are studied. The author assesses the current state of the insurance market, the approximate amount of its losses, the main indicators of insurers' activities, such as the volume of insurance premiums, insurance payments, the level of payments, the level of reinsurance, changes in the structure of the insurance portfolio of insurers, the unprofitability or profitability of a particular type of insurance, and the impact of global economic processes on the insurance market of Ukraine. The author analyzes the feasibility of taking anti-crisis management measures at the level of legislation, state regulation, control and supervision, management of insurance, investment and financial activities of Ukrainian insurers. The author examines the operational measures taken by the management of domestic insurance market participants in the first days of the war to reduce the impact of the most catastrophic threats to the financial condition of companies, life and health of their employees, etc. The author provides a list of the main anti-crisis management strategies for restoring the economic potential of insurers and analyzes the ways to reduce the impact of a full-scale invasion of the insurance market and restore the insurance market, and the measures taken by insurers today to adapt the activities of insurance companies in wartime.
Organizational and economic mechanism of management of innovative activities of agricultural enterprises
Authors: Yefremova Nataliia
Published: April 2023

The article examines the essence of the organizational and economic mechanism of management, the organizational and economic mechanism of management of innovative activities of enterprises in the agrarian sector of the economy, defines its main elements, and reveals the content of each of these elements. The advantages, purpose and prospects of the implementation of the organizational and economic mechanism of innovation management in the agrarian sector of the economy are defined. The organizational and economic mechanism of innovation management in the agricultural sector of the economy refers to a set of procedures, practices and policies used to direct and control the process of creating and implementing new ideas, technologies and products in the industry. The organizational and economic mechanism of managing innovative activities in the agricultural sector is characterized by several key elements: determination of needs and opportunities for innovation; strategic planning and allocation of resources; establishing partnerships and networks; encouraging experimentation and risk; monitoring progress and evaluating results; support for commercialization of innovations. This mechanism includes creating an enabling environment for innovation through clear and open communication, fostering a culture of continuous improvement, experimentation and risk-taking, and encouraging the flow of information and collaboration between different organizations and stakeholders. The implementation of the organizational and economic mechanism of innovation management in the agricultural sector of the economy can have several advantages and prospects, namely: increasing efficiency and competitiveness; expansion of cooperation and exchange of knowledge; promoting a culture of innovation and experimentation; improving the decision-making process; expanded access to financing and resources. The implementation of this organizational and economic innovation management mechanism in the agricultural sector has the potential to increase the efficiency, competitiveness and sustainability of the industry, which will ultimately lead to increased productivity, profitability and growth.
Development strategy of state economic policy in the field of innovation-oriented production business infrastructure
Authors: Ratynskyi Vadym
Published: April 2023

The article examines issues related to the state's activities in the field of innovation-oriented infrastructure development policy. In the field of innovative entrepreneurship, issues related to various forms of financing innovative projects, such forms of state support as legal, informational, political and other types of assistance are considered. The application of an institutional approach to creating a mechanism for managing structural changes in socio-economic systems in order to increase their resilience in the face of large-scale security challenges is also explored. The main component of such stress-resistance is the ability to create and implement innovations, the formation of innovation-oriented systems. Trends in structural changes in the economy of Ukraine, which have arisen under the influence of war, have been identified, and problems that could threaten resilience to security challenges have been highlighted. The need to transition to an innovation-oriented economy to restore the country's competitiveness in the post-war period is highlighted. In the short-term perspective, the state's strategic priority is the transition from a reproductive to an innovative type of development, which is accompanied by a change in the factors of economic growth and recognition of the ability of economic agents to quickly generate new ideas and their commercialization as the main determinant of business processes. At the same time, the need for effective institutional support to stimulate market participants to innovate has been proven. An institutional mechanism for managing the innovative development of socio-economic systems with the allocation of legislative and organizational support at various structural levels in order to realize the defined goals is proposed. The article analyzes the characteristic features of the innovation-oriented economy and establishes the influence of the state on its formation. The level of innovativeness of the Ukrainian economy was studied and compared with similar indicators of other countries of the world. A number of measures have been proposed to restructure the domestic economy with the aim of transforming it from a raw material-mining model of development to an innovation-oriented economy.
The impact of the war in Ukraine on economic development, consequences for world trade
Authors: Zhyla Ganna
Published: April 2023

The war in Ukraine created a humanitarian crisis of enormous proportions and also a serious blow to the world economy. From a macroeconomic point of view, rising food and energy prices will reduce real incomes. CNUCED's express assessment of the impact of the war on trade and development in Ukraine confirms that the outlook for the global economy is rapidly deteriorating due to rising food, fuel and fertilizer prices. This study examines the impact of the crisis in Ukraine on global trade and development, highlights the importance of supplies of food, energy and certain industrial resources from Russia and Ukraine, and examines how the war poses significant risks to food and energy security and exacerbates the difficulties associated with with the supply chain. This study also shows that if a war were to split the world economy into separate blocs, the loss of income would be significant, especially for developing countries. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of a rules-based multilateral trading system, if only because the World Trade Organization provides functions that can help mitigate the effects of the crisis. It is important for international trade to better understand, analyze and monitor the nature, magnitude and implications of war for trade and development. Only with a clear understanding of these impacts can we create reliable supply chains, limit further losses in trade and economic development, and prevent the deepening of inequality between developed and developing countries. The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of the war in Ukraine on economic development and determine the consequences for world trade. The research used the methods of induction and deduction and comparative analysis. The study shows that among the main threats and risks that arise for the world economy are destabilization, rising inflation, unemployment, the emergence of a food crisis and famine in some countries of the world, and an increase in world prices for raw materials. The consequences of the war in Ukraine will be felt by most countries of the world, and their scale will depend on the course and duration of the war on the territory of Ukraine. The biggest loss and the biggest problem of the war is human loss, but there are also huge economic problems that are felt far beyond the borders of Ukraine.
Efeitos da pandemia de Covid-19 na incidência de atendimentos prestados a pacientes vítimas de violência sexual em um hospital de referência de Teresina-PI
Authors: Rosal Isabella Piauilino , Albuquerque Louhana de Queiroz , Silva Williams Cardec da
Published: April 2023

A violência contra mulheres constitui-se em uma das principais formas de violação dos seus direitos humanos, atingindo-as em seus direitos à vida, à saúde e a integridade física. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar os efeitos da pandemia de Covid-19 na incidência de atendimentos realizados as mulheres vítimas de violência sexual na maternidade Dona Evangelina Rosa em Teresina-PI. Atualmente a violência sexual trata-se de um fenômeno universal, atingindo mulheres de todas as classes sociais, etnias, religiões e culturas. Ocorre em populações de diferentes níveis de desenvolvimento econômico e social, em espaços públicos e privados e em qualquer etapa da vida da mulher, repercutindo de maneira negativa em diferentes categorias da vida, podendo ser ou não reversível. Diante dos resultados encontrados acima concluiu-se que a violência sexual contra a mulher ainda é um problema de saúde pública que ocorre em grande proporção na sociedade brasileira. Existem muitos casos que são subnotificados, gerando estimativas contraditórias encontradas na literatura. O preenchimento incompleto das notificações dificulta um levantamento de dados mais precisos sobre o perfil das vítimas, porque a violência sexual, é capaz de gerar distúrbios em curto e longo prazo, deixando sequelas profundas, impactando na saúde física, psicológica e social da vítima, considerando que a maioria das mulheres são jovens adultas, no período reprodutivo, em ascensão econômica e social que estão em busca de autossuficiência.
Şiddet, Şiddet Türleri ve Okulda Öğretmene Yönelen Şiddet
Authors: YENER Şerafettin
Published: April 2023

Bireylerin ve toplumların maddi - manevi her türlü hayat konforunu zedeleyen eylem türü şiddet olarak tanımlanabilir. Küresel bir afet haline gelen şiddet eylemleri hayatın bütün alanlarında vuku bulmaktadır. Okul iklimi de bu şiddet eylemlerinden nasibini almaktadır. Bu çalışma, nitel yöntemin durum araştırması deseninde tasarlanmış, okulda öğretmene yönelen şiddet ile ilgili alanyazındaki çalışmaların taranmasıyla oluşturulmuş bir derleme makaledir. Çalışmada şiddet konusunda yapılan tanım ve açıklamalar ile şiddet türleri ve öğretmene yönelen şiddet yorumlayıcı bir yaklaşımla ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada birçok farklı şiddet tanımı ve türü bir arada tasnif edilip genel bir perspektif sunulduktan sonra okul ortamında öğretmene yönelen şiddete değinilmiştir. Şiddet eyleminin altında yatan birçok farklı boyut söz konusudur. Bu açıdan şiddet; sosyolojik, psikolojik, siyasal, ekonomik, ontolojik ve teolojik bağlamda kategorize edilmiştir. Şiddet eylemleri bu üst kategorilere uygunluklarına göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Bu bağlamda öğretmenlerin maruz kaldığı şiddet türleri açıklanmıştır. Okul ortamında öğretmene sosyal, kültürel, siyasal, ekonomik ve psikolojik sebeplerden ötürü şiddet yönelmektedir. Çalışma şiddetin farklı tanım ve türlerini ve okul ortamında öğretmene yönelen şiddeti bir arada tasnif ettiği, ayrıca şiddet konusunda çalışma yürüten ilgililere bilimsel veriler sunduğu için önem taşımaktadır.
ECZACILARIN İŞ STRES DÜZEYLERİ VE DUYGUSAL EMEK KULLANIMI İLE İŞE BAĞLILIKLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: KAHVECİ Şeyma , ÖZTÜRK Yunus Emre
Published: April 2023

Araştırmanın amacı, eczacıların iş stres düzeyleri ve duygusal emek kullanımı ile işe bağlılıklarının değerlendirilmesidir. Araştırma evrenini Konya’nın Meram, Karatay ve Selçuklu İlçelerinde bulunan 488 eczacı oluşmaktadır. Çalışma 248 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma da Duygusal Emek Ölçeği, İş Stresi Ölçeği ve Utrech İşe Bağlılık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan eczacıların %54’ü kadın olup %69.4’ü evlidir. Yaş olarak incelendiğinde %45.2’si 36-50 yaş aralığına sahiptir. Medeni durum açısından duygusal emek arasında anlamlı farklılık olduğu belirlenmiştir ve evli olan eczacıların duygusal emek kullanımları bekarlara göre daha yüksek olduğu gözlenmiştir. Yaş ile işe bağlılık ve duygusal emek kullanımı arasında anlamlı farklılık belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların mesleki tecrübeleri ile işe bağlılık, duygusal emek kullanımı arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık vardır. Araştırmaya dahil olan eczacıların duygusal emek kullanımı ile işe bağlılık arasında pozitif yönlü, orta düzeyde ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Eczacıların yaşları ve buna bağlı olarak meslekte geçirdikleri süre artıkça duygusal emek kullanımları artmaktadır. Eczacılık mesleğine yeni başlayanlar ile 50 yaşın üstünde olan eczacıların işe bağlılık düzeyleri daha fazladır. Serbest eczane eczacılarının duygusal emek kullanımlarının işe bağlılıkları üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin bulunduğu ve duygusal emek kullanımı artıkça işe bağlılık düzeylerinin de arttığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
DNA microarrays to identify etiological agents, as sensors of environmental wellbeing
Authors: Arena-Ortiz María Leticia , Sánchez-Rodríguez Ernesto Cuauhtemoc , Apodaca-Hernández Javier Eduardo , Ortiz-Alcántara Joanna María , Ríos-Contreras Karen , Chiappa-Carrara Xavier
Published: April 2023

Background: The epidemiologic transition in Mexico has generated a change of paradigm in public health. Morbidity is characterized by infectious diseases and the mortality is due to chronic degenerative diseases. The three most important infectious diseases in the country are: respiratory infections, diarrhea, and urinary tract infections.

Method: The objective of this work was to build a tool to monitor the presence of health risks in the environment in a timely manner and to demonstrate its application in different sicknesses, especially those that are water related. In this study, we analyzed water samples from five cenotes with high tourist flow in the State of Yucatan. We developed a DNA microarray for the adequate and prompt detection of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. This microarray could be used in samples of different origin including air, water (fresh, brackish and saltwater), food, inert surfaces or wounds. Clinically, it would allow prompt and precise detection of etiological agents of infectious diseases to prevent outbreaks. It would also be useful for the identification of those agents that cannot be detected in our laboratories with the traditional methods. It includes 38,000 probes that detect 252 etiological agents of diseases in humans and antimicrobial resistance genes. Results from DNA samples can be obtained in 24 h, which would be difficult or impossible using other technologies.

Results: The results are readily available within 24 h. Samples from five cenotes (sinkholes) with high flow of people, were analyzed with the microarray. The water samples analyzed detected 228 different bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. They are amongst the most important etiological agents for infectious diseases in Mexico.

Conclusions: The microarray provides the opportunity for precise and early detection of various infectious agents in individuals, hospitals and natural environments. This could help reduce the global burden of diseases, the severity of outbreaks, and reduce antibiotic resistance.
Transglutaminase 2 regulates terminal erythroid differentiation via cross-linking activity
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Shi Lifang , Yang Ke , Liu Xuehui , Lv Xiang
Published: April 2023

Transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) is a versatile enzyme that modulates cell survival and differentiation. However, its role in terminal erythroid differentiation is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the function of TGM2 in primary fetal liver erythroid differentiation. We predicted TGM2 as an upstream regulator via ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA), and found that its expression was increased at both RNA and protein level during terminal erythroid differentiation. TGM2 cross-linking activity inhibitors GK921 and Z-DON suppressed erythroid maturation and enucleation, while its GTPase inhibitor LDN27219 had no such effect. Z-DON treatment arrested differentiation at basophilic erythroblast stage, and interfered with cell cycle progression. RT-PCR demonstrated decreased GATA-1 and KLF1, and disarranged cyclin, CDKI and E2F family genes expression after Z-DON treatment. In conclusion, TGM2 regulates terminal erythroid differentiation through its cross-linking enzyme activity.
Assessing compounding risks across multiple systems and sectors: a socio-environmental systems risk-triage approach
Authors: Schlosser C. Adam , Frankenfeld Cypress , Eastham Sebastian , Gao Xiang , Gurgel Angelo , McCluskey Alyssa , Morris Jennifer , Orzach Shelli , Rouge Kilian , Paltsev Sergey , Reilly John
Published: April 2023

Physical and societal risks across the natural, managed, and built environments are becoming increasingly complex, multi-faceted, and compounding. Such risks stem from socio-economic and environmental stresses that co-evolve and force tipping points and instabilities. Robust decision-making necessitates extensive analyses and model assessments for insights toward solutions. However, these exercises are consumptive in terms of computational and investigative resources. In practical terms, such exercises cannot be performed extensively—but selectively in terms of priority and scale. Therefore, an efficient analysis platform is needed through which the variety of multi-systems/sector observational and simulated data can be readily incorporated, combined, diagnosed, visualized, and in doing so, identifies “hotspots” of salient compounding threats. In view of this, we have constructed a “triage-based” visualization and data-sharing platform—the System for the Triage of Risks from Environmental and Socio-Economic Stressors (STRESS)—that brings together data across socio-environmental systems, economics, demographics, health, biodiversity, and infrastructure. Through the STRESS website, users can display risk indices that result from weighted combinations of risk metrics they can select. Currently, these risk metrics include land-, water-, and energy systems, biodiversity, as well as demographics, environmental equity, and transportation networks. We highlight the utility of the STRESS platform through several demonstrative analyses over the United States from the national to county level. The STRESS is an open-science tool and available to the community-at-large. We will continue to develop it with an open, accessible, and interactive approach, including academics, researchers, industry, and the general public.
Inhibition of ferroptosis alleviates high-power microwave-induced myocardial injury
Authors: Wang Yu , Lu Yan , Chen Wen , Xie Xiaohua
Published: April 2023

Background

The use of high-power microwave (HPM) in our daily live is becoming more and more widespread, but the safety has also caused our concern. And ferroptosis is a newly discovered modality that can regulate cell death in recent years. The aim of our study was to demonstrate whether ferroptosis is an important cause of myocardial injury caused by HPM. And whether myocardial injury caused by HPM can be alleviated by inhibiting ferroptosis.

Methods

We verified the extent of myocardial damage by different doses of HPM through in vivo and in vitro assays, respectively. In addition, GPX4 was knocked down and overexpressed in cardiac myocytes to verify the altered sensitivity of cardiac myocytes to HPM. Finally, the therapeutic effect of Fer-1 and tanshinoneIIA on myocardial injury caused by HPM was verified in in vivo and in vitro assays.

Results

We found that cardiac tissue and cardiomyocyte injury in mice gradually increased with increasing HPM dose, while ferroptosis markers were consistent with the injury trend. Gpx4 had an important role in ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes caused by HPM. Finally, tanshinoneIIA and Fer-1 could attenuate the damage of cardiac tissues and cardiomyocytes caused by HPM.

Conclusions

In conclusion, our study found that ferroptosis, a novel mode of cell death, is present in myocardial injury caused by HPM. Moreover, tanshinone, a drug already in clinical use, can significantly reduce myocardial injury caused by HPM, which is promising to provide new therapeutic ideas for myocardial injury caused by HPM.
DDI-MuG: Multi-aspect graphs for drug-drug interaction extraction
Authors: Yang Jie , Ding Yihao , Long Siqu , Poon Josiah , Han Soyeon Caren
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Drug-drug interaction (DDI) may lead to adverse reactions in patients, thus it is important to extract such knowledge from biomedical texts. However, previously proposed approaches typically focus on capturing sentence-aspect information while ignoring valuable knowledge concerning the whole corpus. In this paper, we propose a Multi-aspect Graph-based DDI extraction model, named DDI-MuG.

Methods

We first employ a bio-specific pre-trained language model to obtain the token contextualized representations. Then we use two graphs to get syntactic information from input instance and word co-occurrence information within the entire corpus, respectively. Finally, we combine the representations of drug entities and verb tokens for the final classification

Results

To validate the effectiveness of the proposed model, we perform extensive experiments on two widely used DDI extraction dataset, DDIExtraction-2013 and TAC 2018. It is encouraging to see that our model outperforms all twelve state-of-the-art models.

Discussion

In contrast to the majority of earlier models that rely on the black-box approach, our model enables visualization of crucial words and their interrelationships by utilizing edge information from two graphs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first model that explores multi-aspect graphs to the DDI extraction task, and we hope it can establish a foundation for more robust multi-aspect works in the future.
Mapping of marine litter on the seafloor using WASSP S3 multibeam echo sounder and Chasing M2 ROV
Authors: Šiljeg Ante , Marić Ivan , Krekman Sara , Cukrov Neven , Lovrić Marin , Domazetović Fran , Panđa Lovre , Bulat Tomislav
Published: April 2023

Marine litter is a growing threat to the marine environment. Mapping of marine litter is becoming increasingly important to detect its potential hotspots and prevent their spread. In this paper, the applicability of the multibeam echo sounder (MBES) WASSP S3 and remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV) Chasing M2 was tested in the detection and mapping of marine litter on the seafloor within the wider area of the St. Ante Channel (Šibenik, Croatia). Also, the precision assessment of WASSP S3 was tested at different cruising speeds. Results have shown that Chasing M2 can be used effectively for the initial detection of marine debris in shallow waters. However, if the underwater navigation and positioning system and auxiliary measurement scales are not used, the ROV has limited capabilities in deriving morphometric parameters of marine litter on the seafloor. This was determined by comparing the 3D model of a tire which was derived using video photogrammetry captured with ROV and the 3D model of a tire which was produced using a hand-held 3D scanner. Furthermore, the results have shown the WASSP S3 is not suitable for identifying marine litter smaller than 1 m at depths up to 10 m. The MBES WASSP S3 can detect marine litter that has a minimum area of 100 * 100 cm and a height of around 40 cm at depths up to 10 m. The results pointed to the need for caution when choosing an adequate sensor to detect and map marine litter on the seafloor. In addition, MBES interval measurements have shown that WASSP S3 precision is in the centimeter range (<10 cm) at different cruising speeds. The obtained results have helped to establish the guidelines for the integrated use of MBES, ROV, and UAV in the detection of marine litter on the seafloor.
Lëttëra web platform: A game-based learning approach with the use of technology for reading competence
Authors: Leal Uhlig Emilia Fernanda , Garza León Carolina , Cruz Vargas Xóchitl , Hernández Franco Sheila , Portuguez-Castro May
Published: April 2023

Introduction

This study explores the potential of technology, metacognition, and game-based learning to improve reading literacy in upper secondary school students. The focus is on the Lëttëra educational innovation, a web-based platform that uses game-based learning and technology to develop reading literacy.

Methods

This is a quantitative, exploratory, descriptive, and quasi-experimental study that reviewed 149 responses from high school students who took the standardized test Planea 2017. The study aimed to analyze whether using the Lëttëra platform brought a change in the students’ reading competence. The authors also examined students’ motivation toward technology, the platform interface, and the game. The data was analyzed both descriptively and inferentially.

Results

The results showed that using the Lëttëra platform significantly improved students’ competencies in literary text, information construction, and argumentative text. It also increased their motivation toward the proposed activities.

Discussion

This study demonstrates that integrating technology and game-based learning into reading instruction can lead to improved reading competencies and increased motivation among students. These findings are useful for educators, curriculum developers, and policymakers who aim to enhance reading instruction by integrating technology into their teaching practices.

Conclusion

Overall, this study highlights the potential of technology and game-based learning to improve reading literacy in upper secondary school students. The Lëttëra platform provides a promising approach for enhancing reading instruction, and its integration into teaching practices can benefit students, educators, and policymakers alike.
Study on regional differences and convergence of the green development quality of the construction industry: evidence from China
Authors: Wang Jiaming
Published: April 2023

The green development quality of the construction industry has vital environmental and economic effects. To explore regional differences and convergence, and further provide a reference for the government. Based on the panel data of construction industry development in 31 provinces from 2006 to 2020, this study measured the green development quality of the construction industry in two-dimensional space-time, focuses on the regional differences, the dynamic evolution trend and the convergence of distribution. The findings supported the fact that the green development quality of construction industry was fluctuating upward trend, the overall difference decreased, and the regional difference showed heterogeneity. The convergence rate in the central region was higher than that in the western region, and there was an obvious “catch-up effect.” The green development quality of the construction industry in the national, central region and western region has absolute β convergence. The green development quality of the construction industry in the national, the eastern region and the central region has conditional β convergence. The influence of control variables shows heterogeneity. Based on the conclusions of this study, policy recommendations are put forward from the aspects of science and technology investment, human capital investment and green construction mode.
Design of a low carbon economy model by carbon cycle optimization in supply chain
Authors: Ding Jingwen
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Concerning economic globalization, enterprises must work with the cooperative partner to obtain more profits and overall planning of the supply chain has become a new focus for enterprise development. This paper studies the joint emission reduction of the supply chain in green low-carbon economy development and achieve joint emission and economic cost reduction through the optimization of carbon emission and economic dispatch.

Methods

The paper firstly uses the multi-agent model to complete the fullcycle modeling of carbon emission and economic cost; Secondly, the simulated annealing-adaptive chaos-particle swarm optimization (SAACPSO) method is used to optimize various parameters in the model to achieve emission and cost reduction

Results

The results show that after the optimization, the economic cost is reduced by 0.07 and the carbon emission is also reduced by 0.16; Finally, the practical test of the model is conducted with the collected data from the local company. The results show that the multi-objective optimization model of a joint enterprise supply chain is significantly better than single optimization in terms of emission reduction.

Discussion

It provides new ideas for a green economy and technical support for the global planning of supply chain integration.
The immunosuppressive effects and mechanisms of loureirin B on collagen-induced arthritis in rats
Authors: Zou Yan , Zhao Qianru , Zhang Xu , Yu Hui , Zhou Yongsheng , Li Ziyi , Xiao Min , Xiang Qiu , Zhang Lirong , Shi Wenyi , Tao Haobo , Chen Lvyi , Han Bing , Yin Shijin
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common disease mainly affecting joints of the hands and wrists. The discovery of autoantibodies in the serum of patients revealed that RA belonged to the autoimmune diseases and laid a theoretical basis for its immunosuppressive therapy. The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases mainly involves abnormal activation and proliferation of effector memory T cells, which is closely related to the elevated expression of Kv1.3, a voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel on the effector memory T cell membrane. Drugs blocking the Kv1.3 channel showed a strong protective effect in RA model animals, suggesting that Kv1.3 is a target for the discovery of specific RA immunosuppressive drugs.

Methods

In the present study, we synthesized LrB and studied the effects of LrB on collagen- induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. The clinical score, paw volume and joint morphology of CIA model rats were compared. The percentage of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in rat peripheral blood mononuclear and spleen were analyzed with flow cytometry. The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17 in the serum of CIA rats were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The IL-1b and IL-6 expression in joints and the Kv1.3 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were quantified by qPCR. To further study the mechanisms of immunosuppressive effects of LrB, western blot and immunofluorescence were utilized to study the expression of Kv1.3 and Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells 1 (NFAT1) in two cell models - Jurkat T cell line and extracted PBMCs.

Results

LrB effectively reduced the clinical score and relieved joint swelling. LrB could also decrease the percentage of CD4+ T cells, while increase the percentage of CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear and spleen of rats with CIA. The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17 in the serum of CIA rats were significantly reduced by LrB. The results of qPCR showed that Kv1.3 mRNA in the PBMCs of CIA rats was significantly higher than that of the control and significantly decreased in the LrB treatment groups. In addition, we confirmed in cell models that LrB significantly decreased Kv1.3 protein on the cell membrane and inhibited the activation of Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells 1 (NFAT1) with immune stimulus.

Conclusion

In summary, this study revealed that LrB could block NFAT1 activation and reduce Kv1.3 expression in activated T cells, thus inhibiting the proliferation of lymphocytes and the release of inflammatory cytokines, thereby effectively weakening the autoimmune responses in CIA rats. The effects of immunosuppression due to LrB revealed its potential medicinal value in the treatment of RA.
Die Kämpfe únd schláchten—the struggles and battles of innate-like effector T lymphocytes with microbes
Authors: Joyce Sebastian , Okoye Gosife Donald , Driver John P.
Published: April 2023

The large majority of lymphocytes belong to the adaptive immune system, which are made up of B2 B cells and the αβ T cells; these are the effectors in an adaptive immune response. A multitudinous group of lymphoid lineage cells does not fit the conventional lymphocyte paradigm; it is the unconventional lymphocytes. Unconventional lymphocytes—here called innate/innate-like lymphocytes, include those that express rearranged antigen receptor genes and those that do not. Even though the innate/innate-like lymphocytes express rearranged, adaptive antigen-specific receptors, they behave like innate immune cells, which allows them to integrate sensory signals from the innate immune system and relay that umwelt to downstream innate and adaptive effector responses. Here, we review natural killer T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T cells—two prototypic innate-like T lymphocytes, which sense their local environment and relay that umwelt to downstream innate and adaptive effector cells to actuate an appropriate host response that confers immunity to infectious agents.
Hydrogen injection reduces ammonia nitrogen and changes microbial community composition in aquaculture water
Authors: Ning Shengdi , Hu Junru , Yu Jie , Huang Long , Lai Minjian , Li Xiangni , Lin Yongchun , Zhong Wanqing , Wang Lei
Published: April 2023

The study aimed to investigate the effect of hydrogen on nitrogen and phosphorus removal and microbial community composition in aquaculture water. Two groups were designed separated: Group H was charged with hydrogen and Group D was set as control. Water samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days after hydrogen injection to detect not only the content of total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus, but also microbial community composition in aquaculture water. Our findings have demonstrated that 7-days’ hydrogen treatment could effectively reduce ammonia nitrogen in aquaculture water. And in Day 7, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in Group D was 1.66 times as that in Group H. Meanwhile, microbial structures in the water bodies of these two groups were significantly different. The abundance of bacteria such as Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Desulphuria increased clearly in Group H, which means nitrification and denitrification occurred in the effect of hydrogen injection. These findings suggested that hydrogen could significantly improve aquaculture water health and reduce the production of ammonia nitrogen, which means hydrogen could be used as a functional external method to protect the aquaculture environment.
Limited ventilation of the central Baltic Sea due to elevated oxygen consumption
Authors: Naumov Lev , Neumann Thomas , Radtke Hagen , Meier H. E. Markus
Published: April 2023

The Baltic Sea is known as the world’s largest marine system suffering from accelerating, man-made hypoxia. Notably, despite the nutrient load reduction policy adopted in the 1980s, the oxygen conditions of the Baltic Sea’s deep waters are still worsening. This study disentangles oxygen and hydrogen sulfide sources and sinks using the results from the 3-dimensional coupled MOM-ERGOM numerical model and investigates ventilation of the deep central Baltic Sea by the 29 biggest oxygen inflows from 1948 to 2018 utilizing the element tagging technic. Everywhere across the central Baltic Sea, except in the Bornholm Basin, a shift in oxygen consumption from sediments to water column and a significant positive trend in hydrogen sulfide content were observed. The most notable changes happened in the northern and western Gotland basins. Mineralization of organic matter, both in the water column and sediments, was identified as the primary driver of the observed changes. A significant negative trend in the lifetime of inflowing oxygen was found everywhere in the central Baltic Sea. It leads to the reduced efficiency of natural ventilation of the central Baltic Sea via the saltwater inflows, especially in the northern and western Gotland basins.
Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis investigates causal associations between gut microbiota and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Wang Lei , Xie Zhihao , Li Guoliang , Li Guangyao , Liang Jianmin
Published: April 2023

Previous research has suggested a link between gut microbiota and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but their causal relationship has not been elucidated. Aiming to comprehensively investigate their causal relationship and to identify specific causal microbe taxa for ADHD, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Instrumental variables of 211 gut microbiota taxa were obtained from gene wide association study (GWAS), and Mendelian randomization study was carried out to estimate their effects on ADHD risk from PGC GWAS (20,183 ADHD cases and 35,191 controls) and FinnGen GWAS (830 ADHD cases and 215,763 controls). Wald ratio (WR), inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median were the main methods to analyze causality, and MR results are verified by several sensitivity analysis analyses. At locus-wide significance level (p < 1 × 10−5), IVW results confirmed that genus Eubacteriumhalliigroup (p = 0.013) and genus RuminococcaceaeUCG013 (p = 0.049) were correlated with the risk of ADHD and genus Butyricicoccus (p = 0.009), genus Roseburia (p = 0.009), genus Desulfovibrio (p = 0.015), genus LachnospiraceaeNC2004group (p = 0.026), genus Romboutsia (p = 0.028) and family Oxalobacteraceae (p = 0.048) were protective factors of ADHD. Weighted median results indicated that genus Butyricicoccus (p = 0.018) was negatively correlated with the risk of ADHD. At genome-wide statistical significance level (p < 5 × 10−8), Wald ratio results demonstrated that genus Ruminococcustorquesgroup (p = 0.003) was a risk factor for ADHD, while genus Romboutsia (p = 0.006) and family Peptostreptococcaceae (p = 0.006) had a negative correlation with the risk of ADHD. In reverse MR analysis, IVW results showed that ADHD may lead to an increase in the abundance of genus Roseburia (p = 0.020). Analysis of heterogeneity (p > 0.05) and pleiotropy (p > 0.05) confirmed the robustness of MR results. We demonstrated that there was a potential causal relationship between gut microbiota and ADHD. Our research provides a foundation for understanding the causal relationship between gut microbiota and ADHD, and the several gut bacteria found in this study that may reduce the occurrence of ADHD may have potential in the prevention and treatment of ADHD.
The COP9 signalosome complex regulates fungal development and virulence in the wheat scab fungus Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Chen Ahai , Ren Yiyi , Han Xingmin , Liu Chao , Zhou Yifan , Xu Chenghui , Qi Hao , Ma Zhonghua , Chen Yun
Published: April 2023

The COP9 signalosome (Csn) complex is an evolutionarily conserved complex that regulates various important cellular processes. However, the function of the Csn complex in pathogenic fungi remains elusive. Here, the distribution of Csn subunits in the fungal kingdom was surveyed, and their biological functions were systematically characterized in the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum, which is among the top 10 plant fungal pathogens. The results obtained from bioinformatic analyses suggested that the F. graminearum Csn complex consisted of seven subunits (Csn1–Csn7) and that Csn5 was the most conserved subunit across the fungi kingdom. Yeast two-hybrid assays demonstrated that the seven Csn subunits formed a complex in F. graminearum. The Csn complex was localized to both the nucleus and cytoplasm and necessary for hyphal growth, asexual and sexual development and stress response. Transcriptome profiling revealed that the Csn complex regulated the transcription abundance of TRI genes necessary for mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) biosynthesis, subsequently regulating DON production to control fungal virulence. Collectively, the roles of the Csn complex in F. graminearum were comprehensively analyzed, providing new insights into the functions of the Csn complex in fungal virulence and suggesting that the complex may be a potential target for combating fungal diseases.
Biosynthesis and genetic engineering of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid in Pseudomonas chlororaphis Lzh-T5
Authors: Liu Kaiquan , Li Zhenghua , Liang Xiaoli , Xu Yanpeng , Cao Yufei , Wang Ruiming , Li Piwu , Li Ling
Published: April 2023

Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) is a biologically active substance with the ability to prevent and control crop diseases. It was certified as a pesticide by the Ministry of Agriculture of China in 2011 and was named “Shenzimycin.” Lzh-T5 is a Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain found in the rhizosphere of tomatoes. This strain can produce only 230 mg/L of PCA. We used LDA-4, which produces the phenazine synthetic intermediate trans-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in high amounts, as the starting strain. By restoring phzF and knocking out phzO, we achieved PCA accumulation. Moreover, PCA production was enhanced after knocking out negative regulators, enhancing the shikimate pathway, and performing fed-batch fermentation, thus resulting in the production of 10,653 mg/L of PCA. It suggested that P. chlororaphis Lzh-T5 has the potential to become an efficiency cell factory of biologically active substances.