bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A migração no Espírito Santo no período 1991-2010: novidades e continuidades
Authors: Dota Ednelson Mariano
Published: July 2016

A migração tem contribuído decisivamente para o crescimento demográfico do Estado do Espírito Santo. Esta contribuição foi reforçada na segunda metade da década de 2000, em que o incremento via migração aumentou, reflexo dos bons resultados econômicos devido aos altos preços das commodities no mercado internacional. O presente trabalho, a partir de uma análise comparativa dos volumes e características da migração e das tendências nos períodos de 1986-1991, 1995-2000 e 2005-2010, busca verificar quais fatores podem estar relacionados com a migração a partir das conjunturas verificadas no país e as influências históricas. Os dados apontam que as melhores condições conjunturais na década de 2000 culminaram em saldo migratório mais alto do que nas décadas anteriores, concomitantemente à continuidades em termos de seletividade e direcionamento dos fluxos de migrantes.
Morphometric comparisons of plant-mimetic juvenile fish associated with plant debris observed in the coastal subtropical waters around Kuchierabu-jima Island, southern Japan
Authors: Queiroz Alexya Cunha de , Sakai Yoichi , Vallinoto Marcelo , Barros Breno
Published: July 2016

The general morphological shape of plant-resembling fish and plant parts were compared using a geometric morphometrics approach. Three plant-mimetic fish species,Lobotes surinamensis(Lobotidae),Platax orbicularis(Ephippidae) andCanthidermis maculata(Balistidae), were compared during their early developmental stages with accompanying plant debris (i.e., leaves of several taxa) in the coastal subtropical waters around Kuchierabu-jima Island, closely facing the Kuroshio Current. The degree of similarity shared between the plant parts and co-occurring fish species was quantified, however fish remained morphologically distinct from their plant models. Such similarities were corroborated by analysis of covariance and linear discriminant analysis, in which relative body areas of fish were strongly related to plant models. Our results strengthen the paradigm that morphological clues can lead to ecological evidence to allow predictions of behavioural and habitat choice by mimetic fish, according to the degree of similarity shared with their respective models. The resemblance to plant parts detected in the three fish species may provide fitness advantages via convergent evolutionary effects.
Intron gain by tandem genomic duplication: a novel case in a potato gene encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Authors: Ma Ming-Yue , Lan Xin-Ran , Niu Deng-Ke
Published: July 2016

The origin and subsequent accumulation of spliceosomal introns are prominent events in the evolution of eukaryotic gene structure. However, the mechanisms underlying intron gain remain unclear because there are few proven cases of recently gained introns. In anRNA-dependent RNA polymerase(RdRp) gene, we found that a tandem duplication occurred after the divergence of potato and its wild relatives among otherSolanumplants. The duplicated sequence crosses the intron-exon boundary of the first intron and the second exon. A new intron was detected at this duplicated region, and it includes a small previously exonic segment of the upstream copy of the duplicated sequence and the intronic segment of the downstream copy of the duplicated sequence. The donor site of this new intron was directly obtained from the small previously exonic segment. Most of the splicing signals were inherited directly from the parental intron/exon structure, including a putative branch site, the polypyrimidine tract, the 3′ splicing site, two putative exonic splicing enhancers, and the GC contents differed between the intron and exon. In the widely cited model of intron gain by tandem genomic duplication, the duplication of an AGGT-containing exonic segment provides the GT and AG splicing sites for the new intron. Our results illustrate that the tandem duplication model of intron gain should be diverse in terms of obtaining the proper splicing signals.
The relationship between levels of resilience and coping styles in chiropractic students and perceived levels of stress and well-being
Authors: Innes Stanley I.
Published: July 2016

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between chiropractic students' coping styles and levels of resilience with their physical injuries, perceived levels of stress, and well-being.

Methods

A questionnaire was distributed to the entire student body of the chiropractic program at Murdoch University, and gathered demographic variables and responses to the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Perceived Levels of Stress Scale, Everyday Feelings Questionnaire, and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations. Linear regression analysis was used to calculate for significant relationships.

Results

Of 244 students, 194 (81%) completed the surveys. Being female and not having recovered from an injury within 12 months was significantly associated with lower levels of well-being and higher levels of stress. Being female, possessing an increased use of an emotional-based coping style, and having lower levels of well-being were associated with higher levels of stress (R2 = 0.65, F(6,164) = 50.47, p < .001). Lower levels of well-being were associated with being female, higher perceived levels of stress, lower levels of resilience, and an increased use emotional coping styles (R2 = 0.64, F[6,164] = 49.5, p < .001).

Conclusion

It is possible to identify chiropractic students at the university who are at risk of experiencing low levels of well-being and high levels of stress. These students may benefit from interventions aimed at enhancing their coping style choices and increasing their resilience levels. Future studies are recommended to see if these findings are consistent across chiropractic programs nationally and internationally.
Relacionamento interpessoal de docentes de enfermagem: conflitos e desafios Interpersonal relationship of nursing professors: conflicts and challenges
Authors: Marinho Fernanda Pereira , Araújo Luana Marcelly Nogueira , Santos Viviane Euzébia Pereira , Martins Cláudia Cristiane Filgueira , Dos Santos Natally Pereira , Medeiros Isadora Dantas de Souza
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: Analisar o relacionamento interpessoal entre os docentes do departamento de enfermagem em uma universidade pública de Natal-RN. Método: Estudo exploratório, descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de maio a junho/2012 com 17 docentes a partir de entrevista semi-estruturada, sendo os dados analisados através da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin, utilizando a modalidade da análise temática. Resultados: A partir das falas dos docentes, foi estruturada a categoria Heterogeneidade nas relações interpessoais, dividida em subcategorias: conflitos interpessoais vistos como normais no ambiente de trabalho, bom relacionamento nos grupos/disciplinas, dificuldades de relacionamento no grande grupo do corpo docente. Conclusão: Foi possível detectar a partir deste estudo dificuldades existentes no relacionamento entre os docentes da realidade estudada. Aponta-se a ferramenta da comunicação como estratégiapara a melhoria das relações intergrupais. Descritores: Desgaste profissional, ambiente de trabalho, docentes de enfermagem.
Produção científica da enfermagem acerca do cuidado de si: uma revisão integrativa Scientific production of nursing about self-care: an integrative review
Authors: Geri Tomaschewisk-Barlem Jamila , Roggia Piexak Diéssica , Devos Barlem Edison Luiz , Lerch Lunardi Valéria , Marcelino Ramos Aline
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: Conhecer a produção científica da enfermagem acerca do cuidado de si. Método: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa, cujos dados foram coletados na base de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e na biblioteca Scientific Eletronic Library Online, através das palavras-chave: enfermagem e cuidado de si, sendo encontrados 18 artigos que compuseram o corpus de análise, publicados entre 2003 e 2013. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se de um quadro contendo variáveis relevantes para a caracterização dos artigos e da Análise Textual Discursiva. Resultados: Emergiram quatro categorias, as quais retratam o cuidado de si, o descuidado de si, o cuidado de si na formação profissional e o cuidado de si como princípio ético do trabalho da enfermagem. Conclusão: Os achados deste estudo poderão contribuir para a produção de conhecimentos em enfermagem, ampliando a valorização do cuidado de si para o cuidar do outro.
O cotidiano da mulher em hemodiálise Daily life of a woman undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Salimena Anna Maria Oliveira , Souza Marcela Oliveira , Melo Maria Carmen Simões Cardoso , Ferreira Micheli Rezende
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: conhecer o cotidiano da mulher em hemodiálise. Método: Estudo de natureza qualitativa, com nove mulheres entrevistadas em fevereiro e março de 2013 no setor de hemodiálise de um hospital da Zona da Mata Mineira. Resultado: A análise compreensiva desvelou: Ser portadora de doença renal crônica e enfrentar a hemodiálise; A hemodiálise e suas reações; O cotidiano da mulher em tratamento por hemodiálise. Foram percebidos sentimentos de medo e rejeição. Todavia, a religião e a família se mostraram significativas aliadas na aceitação e esperança no tratamento. Conclusão: Destaca-se a importância da atuação do enfermeiro no serviço de terapia renal substitutiva, na liderança do setor, mediada pelo conhecimento técnico-científico específico e equilíbrio emocional. Esse profissional atua como educador, promove o autocuidado e auxilia a clientela a encontrar novas maneiras de viver dentro de seus limites.
Alterações posturais de idosos frequentadores de um clube para pessoas idosas Postural changes of elderly people that frequent a club for elderly people
Authors: Alves Karoline Lima , Patrício Anna Cláudia Freire de Araújo , Santos Jiovana de Souza , Andrade Danielle Maria Rorigues de , Crescêncio Lia Costa , Albuquerque Karla Fernandes de
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: Analisar alterações posturais de idosos frequentadores de um clube para pessoa idosa. Métodos: Estudo realizado com 55 idosos, 67,2±6,6 anos de idade, sendo 65,5%(36) do sexo feminino. Utilizou-se um questionário composto de variáveis sociodemográficas e um Instrumento de Avaliação Postural que contém itens que avaliam alterações posturais nas vistas: anterior, lateral e posterior. Os dados foram processados no programa SPSS 19.0. Resultados: Observou-se alta prevalência de idosos com ausência de desvios posturais, no entanto algumas deformidades foram encontradas: 60% (33) encontrava-se com a cabeça projetada para frente e 49,1% (27) hiperlordose presente. Conclusão: Os dados demonstram que embora tenham surgido algumas alterações osteomusculares próprias do processo de envelhecimento, a maioria dos idosos apresentaram-se normais, refletindo a eficácia das atividades ou tratamentos prévios destinados a minimização de alterações posturais com consequente melhoria na qualidade de vida da pessoa idosa.Descritores: Idoso, Postura, Coluna Vertebral.
Exame papanicolaou em gestantes: conhecimento dos enfermeiros atuantes em unidades de atenção primária à saúde Pap smears in pregnant women: knowledge of nurses working in units of primary health care
Authors: Manfredi Rocheli de Lacerda Sousa , Sabino Leidiane Minervina Moraes de , Silva Denise Maia Alves da , Oliveira Emilly Karoline Freire , Martins Mariana Cavalcante
Published: July 2016

OBJETIVO: Investigar o conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre o exame ginecológico papanicolaou realizado em gestantes atendidas em Unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde (UAPS), de Fortaleza-CE. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo, transversal, realizado em três UAPS, com amostra de 27 enfermeiros. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de questionário e para a análise utilizou-se o programa epi-info. RESULTADOS: Os dados mostraram que a maioria dos enfermeiros, 17 (62,97%), não realiza o exame ginecológico nas gestantes. Dos enfermeiros que realizam, 3 (7,4%) fazem a coleta de forma incorreta. No que se refere a participação em capacitações sobre pré-natal e exame ginecológico, 24 (88,8%) afirmaram ter participado anteriormente. CONCLUSÃO: Dessa forma, fazem-se necessárias capacitações sistemáticas e eficazes com intuito de reformular as práticas assistencialistas que se encontram estabelecidas nos programas de saúde da família.
Dependência química e violência no universo feminino: revisão integrativa Chemical dependency and violence in the female universe: an integrative review
Authors: SIlva Júnior Fernando José Guedes da , Tolentino Edigar de Sousa , Oliveira Ana Karla Sousa de , Monteiro Claudete Ferreira de Souza
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: analisar as evidências científicas sobre as relações entre dependência química e a violência no universo feminino. Metodologia: revisão integrativa nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e Caribenha em Ciências da Saúde, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online e Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health. O processo revisional foi norteado pela pergunta: qual a relação entre dependência química e violência no universo feminino? Resultados: A partir da busca na literatura identificou-se 16 estudos primários. A síntese do conhecimento evidenciou a múltipla face da violência contra a mulher, os fatores de risco associados com ênfase no uso de substâncias psicoativas. Conclusão: As evidências apontam que a violência contra a mulher pode ser físicas, psicológicas e sexuais. Estas trazem repercussões significativas para sua saúde física e mental da vítima, tornando emergente a implementação de medidas efetivas que contribuam para a redução dessa problemática e a minimização dessas consequências.
Dimensão espaço-tempo e os atos-atitudes de cuidado na experiência familiar Space-time dimension and acts-attitudes of care in the family experience
Authors: Petean Elen , Araújo Laura Filomena Santos de , Bellato Roseney
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: Compreender a dimensão espaço-tempo e os atos-atitudes de cuidado na experiência familiar da situação crônica de adoecimento. Metodologia: Abordagem compreensiva, conduzida como “estudo de situação”, sendo o material empírico três experiências familiares de cuidado e adoecimento. A análise permitiu-nos intuir algumas “noções sobre o cuidado” e delas extraímos a dimensão espaço-tempo e atos-atitudes de cuidado como sua substância. Resultados: Evidenciamos diferentes modos de cuidar e de ser/estar com o outro no cuidado, tal como a modelagem produzida pela família em seu cotidiano, tendo este como espaço-tempo privilegiado de provisão do cuidado e atos-atitudes virtuosos de cuidado dos familiares e de profissionais de saúde ao longo da experiência do adoecimento, que propiciaram que o cuidado acontecesse. Conclusão: Os profissionais de saúde precisam querer moldar o cuidado oferecido para as pessoas, objetivando tornarem-se apoio e referência de cuidado para as famílias, somando-se aos seus potenciais cuidativos na construção de um “cuidado-com”.
Perfil de idosos hospitalizados segundo Viginia Henderson: contribuições para o cuidado em enfermagem Profile of hospitalized elderly according to Viginia Henderson: contributions for nursing care
Authors: Pinheiro Fernanda Machado , Espírito Santo Fátima Helena , Chibante Carla Lube de Pinho , Pestana Luana Cardoso
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: descrever o perfil do idoso hospitalizado com doença crônica não transmissível embasados na Teoria de Virginia Henderson. Método: Pesquisa quantitativa e descritiva, realizada em junho de 2013. Os participantes são idosos maiores de 60 anos, admitidos nas clínicas médicas de um Hospital Universitário de Niterói, RJ. Utilizou-se escalas Katz e Lawton para avaliar capacidades funcionais. Técnica de coleta questionário semi-estruturado e análise dos dados apresentados em análise estatística simples. Pesquisa aprovada sob nº CAAE-5599.0.000.258-10. Resultados: Total de 43 participantes, 25 (58,14%) do sexo masculino e 18 (41,86%) do sexo feminino, 20 (46,51%) casados, 14 (32,55%) diagnóstico principal de doença cardiovascular, 37 (86,04%) e 24 (55,81%) independentes para as atividades de vida diária e instrumental, respectivamente. Conclusão: A perspectiva gerontológica implica em considerar a pessoa como sujeita e participante do planejamento das ações de cuidado, onde a enfermeira identifica as necessidades e especificidades frente ao processo de envelhecimento e hospitalização.
Itinerário terapêutico: a busca por cuidados de mães cujos filhos faleceram com menos de um ano Therapeutic rout: the search for care of mothers whose children have died less than a year
Authors: Landim Daniel Moreira Paes , Sarmento Sued Sheila , Da Silva Filho Cláudio Claudino , Cruz Nayara Mendes , Moura Laísla Alves , Oliveira Lucia Marisy Souza Ribeiro
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: Conhecer as trajetórias assistenciais de mães cujos filhos faleceram com menos de um ano. Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com gestantes que referiram óbito fetal ou neonatal durante o ano de 2012 num município do interior da Bahia. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se da entrevista em profundidade e para análise a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Pode-se perceber a desorganização na rede de atenção à saúde da mulher com predominância de traços de desumanização e dificuldade por parte dos profissionais em dar continuidade ao cuidado em outros níveis de atenção. Conclusão: O estudo das trajetórias assistenciais revelou-se como uma ferramenta do itinerário terapêutico inestimável para avaliar o funcionamento de redes de atenção à saúde, tornando visíveis acertos e dificuldades apresentados no âmbito da assistência prestada à gestante.
Contribuição dos profissionais da atenção primária à saúde para o autocuidado apoiado aos portadores de tuberculose Professional contribution of primary health care for assisted self care to patients with tuberculosis
Authors: Andrade Rayla Patrícia da Silva , Maia Vanessa Freires , Queiroz Rosimeire Fontes de , Carreiro Gisele Santana Pereira , Villa Tereza Cristina Scatena , Pinto Érika Simone Galvão
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: verificar a contribuição dos profissionais da Atenção Primaria à Saúde (APS) no autocuidado apoiado aos portadores de tuberculose (TB). Método: estudo quantitativo, corte transversal realizado com 100 profissionais da APS no município de Natal/RN. Utilizou-se para coleta de dados instrumento estruturado. Resultados: 80% das entrevistas foram respondidas por profissionais de Unidade de Saúde da Família; 41% trabalhavam na unidade há mais de 10 anos; 44% relataram capacidade ótima para o vínculo e educação em saúde; 55% classificaram o acolhimento como razoável. Conclusão: percebe-se a necessidade de atender o doente de forma integral, abordando seus aspectos individuais, sociais e considerando os serviços de saúde de maneira a fortalecer o vínculo entre doente, profissional e serviço. Descritores: Tuberculose, autocuidado, atenção primária à saúde.
Prevalence of serological inability of blood donors in regional blood center of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais Prevalência de inaptidão sorológica dos doadores de sangue no hemocentro regional de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais
Authors: Aguiar Karina Marini , Xavier Emanuelle Moura Santos , Magalhães Tatiana Almeida , Teles Leandro Freitas , Nascimento Jairo Evangelista , Oliveira Liliane Marta Mendes , Silva Caroline Nogueira Maia
Published: July 2016

ResumoOBJETIVO: estimar a prevalência da inaptidão sorológica dos doadores de sangue no Hemocentro Regional de Montes Claros, no período de 2009 a 2013. MÉTODOS: trata-se de um estudo transversal, de caráter exploratório, através da coleta de dados retrospectivos, que envolveu 2.101 doadores inaptos sorologicamente. O estudo foi aprovado pelo CEP da Fundação Hemominas nº381/2014. RESULTADOS: do total de 82.743 candidatos aptos para a coleta de sangue, 2.101(2,5%) apresentaram testes sorológicos reativos, porém apenas 1.434 (1,9%) confirmaram o resultado através da coleta de 2ª amostra. Dentre as doenças pesquisadas, houve a seguinte distribuição de prevalência: hepatite B (anti-HBc) com 0,77% doadores em relação ao total dos aptos; sífilis (0,41%); Chagas (0,40%); e demais apresentaram valores abaixo de 0,08%. CONCLUSÃO: concluímos que em comparação com outros estudos, verificou-se que a prevalência de inaptidão sorológica em nosso hemocentro é semelhante, mostrando que as medidas adotadas são seguras.DESCRITORES: Sorologia; Doadores de Sangue; Doenças Transmissíveis.
Caracterização dos pacientes em uso de drogas vasoativas internados em unidade de terapia intensiva Patients’ characterization in use of vasoactive drugs hospitalized in intensive care unit
Authors: Melo Elizabeth Mesquita , De Oliveira Tâmara Medeiros Monte , Marques Aline Mota , Ferreira Andreza Moura Magalhães , Silveira Felícia Maria Matias , Lima Violeta Frota
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: Caracterizar o paciente internado em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) em uso de drogas vasoativas (DVA). Métodos: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, abordagem quantitativa, com 85 pacientes internados na UTI de um hospital municipal, em Fortaleza-Ceará. Coleta dos dados realizada em março e abril de 2011, pela consulta ao relatório de enfermagem. Resultados: 55,3% eram do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 70 anos. O diagnóstico mais comum foi o acidente vascular encefálico (29,4%), seguido das pneumopatias (23,5%); 89,4% necessitaram de suporte ventilatório invasivo, 98,9% usaram sonda nasogástrica e 92,9% sonda vesical de demora; 92,9 % utilizaram acesso venoso central e 90,6% fizeram uso de antibióticos. Quanto aos níveis pressóricos, apenas 4,9% apresentaram normalidade; a noradrenalina foi a DVA mais utilizada (67,1%) seguida da dopamina (35,3%); 64,7% evoluíram para óbito. Conclusão: O paciente grave apresenta especificidades que exigem conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem para uma assistência de qualidade.
Decadal to centennial fluctuations in the intensity of the eastern tropical North Pacific oxygen minimum zone during the last 1200 years
Authors: Tems Caitlin E. , Berelson William M. , Thunell Robert , Tappa Eric , Xu Xiaomei , Khider Deborah , Lund Steve , González‐Yajimovich Oscar , Hamann Yvonne
Published: July 2016

Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), located below highly productive marine regions, are sites of microbially mediated denitrification and biogeochemical cycling that have global significance. The intensity of OMZs fluctuates naturally; however, the degree of these fluctuations and a comprehensive understanding of the factors that drive these fluctuations on decadal to centennial time scales is lacking. Our high‐resolution (near‐annual) record of δ15Nsed from laminated sediments at the Pescadero Slope in the Gulf of California (eastern tropical North Pacific) fluctuates between maximum values of 10.5‰ and minimum values of 8.0‰ over the past 1200 years. An analysis of the relationship between δ15NO3− and [O2] in the water column suggests that the observed range of δ15Nsed values is equivalent to an approximately 8 µM fluctuation in O2 content and that these changes can occur in less than 25 years. Our findings show that the OMZ typically intensifies quickly and contracts gradually; the average rate of OMZ intensification (−0.24 µM O2/yr) is twice as fast as the rate of OMZ reoxygenation. Spectral analyses of the δ15Nsed record and Br/Cl counts, with the latter are used as a proxy for organic carbon preservation, suggest that the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Suess (deVries) solar cycle (solar irradiance) may influence the intensity of the OMZ and carbon production/export during the late Holocene. Coherence between δ15Nsed and weight percent organic carbon also suggests that similar mechanisms influence both OMZ fluctuations and variation in organic carbon production/export.
Long‐term CO2 fertilization increases vegetation productivity and has little effect on hydrological partitioning in tropical rainforests
Authors: Yang Yuting , Donohue Randall J. , McVicar Tim R. , Roderick Michael L. , Beck Hylke E.
Published: July 2016

Understanding how tropical rainforests respond to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) is essential for predicting Earth's carbon, water, and energy budgets under future climate change. Here we use long‐term (1982–2010) precipitation (P) and runoff (Q) measurements to infer runoff coefficient (Q/P) and evapotranspiration (E) trends across 18 unimpaired tropical rainforest catchments. We complement that analysis by using satellite observations coupled with ecosystem process modeling (using both “top‐down” and “bottom‐up” perspectives) to examine trends in carbon uptake and relate that to the observed changes in Q/P and E. Our results show there have been only minor changes in the satellite‐observed canopy leaf area over 1982–2010, suggesting that eCO2 has not increased vegetation leaf area in tropical rainforests and therefore any plant response to eCO2 occurs at the leaf level. Meanwhile, observed Q/P and E also remained relatively constant in the 18 catchments, implying an unchanged hydrological partitioning and thus approximately conserved transpiration under eCO2. For the same period, using a top‐down model based on gas exchange theory, we predict increases in plant assimilation (A) and light use efficiency (ε) at the leaf level under eCO2, the magnitude of which is essentially that of eCO2 (i.e., ~12% over 1982–2010). Simulations from 10 state‐of‐the‐art bottom‐up ecosystem models over the same catchments also show that the direct effect of eCO2 is to mostly increase A and ε with little impact on E. Our findings add to the current limited pool of knowledge regarding the long‐term eCO2 impacts in tropical rainforests.
Hybrid recursive active filters for duplexing in RF transmitter front‐ends
Authors: Gottardo Giuseppe , Donati Giovanni , Musolff Christian , Fischer Georg , Felgentreff Tilman
Published: July 2016

Duplex filters in modern base transceiver stations shape the channel in order to perform common frequency division duplex operations. Usually, they are designed as cavity filters, which are expensive and have large dimensions. Thanks to the emerging digital technology and fast digital converters, it is possible to transfer the efforts of designing analog duplex filters into digital numeric algorithms applied to feedback structures, operating on power. This solution provides the shaping of the signal spectrum directly at the output of the radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs) relaxing the transmitter design especially in the duplexer and in the antenna sections. The design of a digital baseband feedback applied to the analog power RF amplifiers (hybrid filter) is presented and verified by measurements. A model to describe the hybrid system is investigated, and the relation between phase and resonance peaks of the resulting periodic band‐pass transfer function is described. The stability condition of the system is analyzed using Nyquist criterion. A solution involving a number of digital feedback and forward branches is investigated defining the parameters of the recursive structure. This solution allows the closed loop system to show a periodic band pass with up to 500 kHz bandwidth at the output of the RF amplifier. The band‐pass magnitude reaches up to 17 dB selectivity. The rejection of the PA noise in the out‐of‐band frequencies is verified by measurements. The filter is tested with a modulated LTE (Long Term Evolution) signal showing an ACPR (Adjacent Channel Power Ratio) enhancement of 10 dB of the transmitted signal.
Pyrenes, Peropyrenes, and Teropyrenes: Synthesis, Structures, and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Yang Wenlong , Monteiro Jorge H. S. K. , de Bettencourt‐Dias Ana , Catalano Vincent J. , Chalifoux Wesley A.
Published: July 2016

The design of a relatively simple and efficient method to extend the π‐conjugation of readily available aromatics in one‐dimension is of significant value. In this paper, pyrenes, peropyrenes, and teropyrenes were synthesized through a double or quadruple benzannulation reaction of alkynes promoted by Brønsted acid. This novel method does not involve cyclodehydrogenation (oxidative aryl–aryl coupling) to arrive at the newly incorporated large arene moieties. All of the target compounds were synthesized in moderate to good yields and were fully characterized with the structures unambiguously confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. As expected, photophysical characterization clearly shows increasing red‐shifts as a function of extended conjugation within the fused ring systems.
Morphologies of electrospun fibers of lignin in poly(ethylene oxide)/N,N‐dimethylformamide
Authors: Aslanzadeh Samira , Ahvazi Behzad , Boluk Yaman , Ayranci Cagri
Published: July 2016

The effects of polyethylene oxide (PEO) molecular weight (Mv), and volume fraction (
) on the morphology of electrospun sulfur free softwood lignin nanofibers were investigated. Small amounts of PEO were used during preparations of the solutions to aid the electrospinning process. It was found that tripling the PEO volume fraction resulted in a transition from semi‐dilute un‐entangled to semi‐dilute entangled solutions. Conversely, the solution remained in the semi‐dilute un‐entangled regime as the molecular weight was increased by five times. The effects of molecular weight and volume fraction of PEO both on entanglement density and fiber morphology were unified by scaling PEO viscosities as a function of
. We investigated and discussed conditions that would produce smooth fibers and conditions that would produce fibers with beads. In the case of beads‐on‐a‐string formation, bead widths remained constant regardless of the molecular weight and concentration of PEO, but the bead length changed. Additionally, we observed a decrease in the diameter of the fibers and the dimension of beads (length and width of beads) with an increase in the electric field used for electrospinning. The aspect ratio of beads increased with increases to both the electric field and the PEO molecular weight or concentration. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44172.
Constituents from the Roots of Actinidia chinensis and Their Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Inhibitory Activities
Authors: Xu Yi‐Xin , Xiang Zhao‐Bao , Jin Yong‐Sheng , Xu Wen , Sun Lian‐Na , Chen Wan‐Sheng , Chen Hai‐Sheng
Published: July 2016

A newly discovered triterpenoid, (2α,3β)‐2,3,23‐trihydroxyurs‐13(18)‐en‐28‐oic acid (1), along with twelve known compounds (2 – 13), were isolated from the roots of Actinidia chinensis Planch (Actinidiaceae). Their chemical structures were determined by 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectra and mass spectrometry (MS). The crude extracts and six main constituents (8 – 13) were tested for cytochrome P450 (CYPs) enzyme inhibitory activity. The results showed that, except for compound 8, compounds 9 – 13 had different inhibitory effects on the cytochrome P450 (CYPs) enzyme, and compound 9 significantly inhibited the catalytic activities of CYP3A4 to < 10% of its control activities.
Unraveling the Mechanism and Regioselectivity of the B12‐Dependent Reductive Dehalogenase PceA
Authors: Liao Rong‐Zhen , Chen Shi‐Lu , Siegbahn Per E. M.
Published: July 2016

PceA is a cobalamin‐dependent reductive dehalogenase that catalyzes the dechlorination of perchloroethylene to trichloroethylene and then to cis‐dichloroethylene as the sole final product. The reaction mechanism and the regioselectivity of this enzyme are investigated by using density functional calculations. Four different substrates, namely, perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, cis‐dichloroethylene, and chlorotheylene, have been considered and were found to follow the same reaction mechanism pattern. The reaction starts with the reduction of CoII to CoI through a proton‐coupled electron transfer process, with the proton delivered to a Tyr246 anion. This is followed by concerted C−Cl bond heterolytic cleavage and proton transfer from Tyr246 to the substrate carbon atom, generating a CoIII−Cl intermediate. Subsequently, a one‐electron transfer leads to the formation of the CoII−Cl product, from which the chloride and the dehalogenated product can be released from the active site. The substrate reactivity follows the trend perchloroethylene>trichloroethylene≫cis‐dichloroethylene≫chlorotheylene. The barriers for the latter two substrates are significantly higher compared with those for perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene, implying that PceA does not catalyze their degradation. In addition, the formation of cis‐dichloroethylene has a lower barrier by 3.8 kcal mol−1 than the formation of trans‐dichloroethylene and 1,1‐dichloroethylene, reproducing the regioselectivity. These results agree quite well with the experimental findings, which show cis‐dichloroethylene as the sole product in the PceA‐catalyzed dechlorination of perchloethylene and trichloroethylene.
Heterostructures through Divergent Edge Reconstruction in Nitrogen‐Doped Segmented Graphene Nanoribbons
Authors: Marangoni Tomas , Haberer Danny , Rizzo Daniel J. , Cloke Ryan R. , Fischer Felix R.
Published: July 2016

Atomically precise engineering of defined segments within individual graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) represents a key enabling technology for the development of advanced functional device architectures. Here, the bottom‐up synthesis of chevron GNRs decorated with reactive functional groups derived from 9‐methyl‐9H‐carbazole is reported. Scanning tunneling and non‐contact atomic force microscopy reveal that a thermal activation of GNRs induces the rearrangement of the electron‐rich carbazole into an electron‐deficient phenanthridine. The selective chemical edge‐reconstruction of carbazole‐substituted chevron GNRs represents a practical strategy for the controlled fabrication of spatially defined GNR heterostructures from a single molecular precursor.
Estimating the harms and benefits of prostate cancer screening as used in common practice versus recommended good practice: A microsimulation screening analysis
Authors: Carlsson Sigrid V. , de Carvalho Tiago M. , Roobol Monique J. , Hugosson Jonas , Auvinen Anssi , Kwiatkowski Maciej , Villers Arnauld , Zappa Marco , Nelen Vera , Páez Alvaro , Eastham James A. , Lilja Hans , de Koning Harry J. , Vickers Andrew J. , Heijnsdijk Eveline A. M.
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND

Prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening and concomitant treatment can be implemented in several ways. The authors investigated how the net benefit of PSA screening varies between common practice versus “good practice.”

METHODS

Microsimulation screening analysis (MISCAN) was used to evaluate the effect on quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) if 4 recommendations were followed: limited screening in older men, selective biopsy in men with elevated PSA, active surveillance for low‐risk tumors, and treatment preferentially delivered at high‐volume centers. Outcomes were compared with a base model in which annual screening started at ages 55 to 69 years and were simulated using data from the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer.

RESULTS

In terms of QALYs gained compared with no screening, for 1000 screened men who were followed over their lifetime, recommended good practice led to 73 life‐years (LYs) and 74 QALYs gained compared with 73 LYs and 56 QALYs for the base model. In contrast, common practice led to 78 LYs gained but only 19 QALYs gained, for a greater than 75% relative reduction in QALYs gained from unadjusted LYs gained. The poor outcomes for common practice were influenced predominantly by the use of aggressive treatment for men with low‐risk disease, and PSA testing in older men also strongly reduced potential QALY gains.

CONCLUSIONS

Commonly used PSA screening and treatment practices are associated with little net benefit. Following a few straightforward clinical recommendations, particularly greater use of active surveillance for low‐risk disease and reducing screening in older men, would lead to an almost 4‐fold increase in the net benefit of prostate cancer screening. Cancer 2016;122:3386–3393. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
The Effects of Heteroatoms Si and S on Tuning the Optical Properties of Rhodamine‐ and Fluorescein‐Based Fluorescence Probes: A Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Zhou Panwang , Ning Cai , Alsaedi Ahmed , Han Keli
Published: July 2016

The effects of the incorporated heteroatoms Si and S on tuning the optical properties of rhodamine‐ and fluorescein‐based fluorescence probes is investigated using DFT and time‐dependent DFT with four different functionals. As previously proposed, the large redshift (90 nm) produced by a Si atom in both the absorption and emission spectra can be attributed to the σ*–π* conjugation between the σ* orbital of the Si atom and the π* orbital of the adjacent carbon atoms. However, the presence of a Si atom does not alter the fluorescence quenching mechanism of the nonfluorescent forms of the investigated compounds. For the first time, these theoretical results indicate that the n orbital of the S atom plays an important role in determining the optical properties of the nonfluorescent form of rhodamine‐based fluorescence probes. It alters the fluorescence quenching mechanism by lowering the energy of the dark nπ* state, which is due to breakage of the C10−S52 bond upon photoexcitation.
Robust reliable L2 – L∞ control for continuous‐time systems with nonlinear actuator failures
Authors: Rathinasamy Sakthivel , Susana Ramya L. , Kaviarasan Boomipalagan , Santra Srimanta , Leelamani A.
Published: July 2016

This article examines the reliable L2 – L∞ control design problem for a class of continuous‐time linear systems subject to external disturbances and mixed actuator failures via input delay approach. Also, due to the occurrence of nonlinear circumstances in the control input, a more generalized and practical actuator fault model containing both linear and nonlinear terms is constructed to the addressed control system. Our attention is focused on the design of the robust state feedback reliable sampled‐data controller that guarantees the robust asymptotic stability of the resulting closed‐loop system with an L2 – L∞ prescribed performance level γ > 0, for all the possible actuator failure cases. For this purpose, by constructing an appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) and utilizing few integral inequality techniques, some novel sufficient stabilization conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are established for the considered system. Moreover, the established stabilizability conditions pave the way for designing the robust reliable sampled‐data controller as the solution to a set of LMIs. Finally, as an example, a wheeled mobile robot trailer model is considered to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control design scheme. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 309–319, 2016
Crossings as a side effect of dependency lengths
Authors: Ferrer‐I‐Cancho Ramon , Gómez‐Rodríguez Carlos
Published: July 2016

The syntactic structure of sentences exhibits a striking regularity: dependencies tend to not cross when drawn above the sentence. We investigate two competing explanations. The traditional hypothesis is that this trend arises from an independent principle of syntax that reduces crossings practically to zero. An alternative to this view is the hypothesis that crossings are a side effect of dependency lengths, that is, sentences with shorter dependency lengths should tend to have fewer crossings. We are able to reject the traditional view in the majority of languages considered. The alternative hypothesis can lead to a more parsimonious theory of language. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 320–328, 2016
Metastatic thyroid carcinoma presenting as malignant pleural effusion: A cytologic review of 5 cases
Authors: Vyas Monika , Harigopal Malini
Published: July 2016

Malignant pleural effusion can be a manifestation of many malignancies. Involvement of pleural fluid by metatstatic thyroid carcinoma, though reported, is relatively rare. We present 5 cases of metastatic thyroid carcinoma involving the pleural fluid. The diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma in pleural fluid can be particularly challenging as thyroid transcription factor −1 (TTF‐1) which is a marker for carcinoma of thyroid origin is also positive in lung adenocarcinomas (which are more frequently associated with pleural effusions) and thyroglobulin (TG) can often be negative in poorly differentiated/analplastic thyroid carcinomas. In our experience, PAX8 is a particularly useful marker in making the distinction. The diagnosis of metastatic thyroid carcinoma in pleural fluid can be challenging and knowledge of the clinical context and supporting immunohistochemical stains is essential for making the right diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:1085–1089. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Flavaglines, a Family of Potent Bioactive Natural Compounds Originating from Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Zhao Qian , Abou‐Hamdan Hussein , Désaubry Laurent
Published: July 2016

Flavaglines constitute a distinctive family of plant metabolites isolated from medicinal plants of the genus Aglaia. These compounds exhibit a broad spectrum of distinctive pharmacological properties, including anti‐inflammatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and anticancer activities. These natural cyclopenta[b]benzofurans are characterized by densely functionalized tricyclic frameworks, as exemplified by the structures of rocaglamide or silvestrol, which makes them extremely attractive targets for total synthesis, in addition to their therapeutic potential. In this review we describe the various synthetic approaches to the total synthesis of flavaglines, culminating in a new generation of diastereo‐ and enantioselective total syntheses.
Glial Na+‐dependent ion transporters in pathophysiological conditions
Authors: Boscia Francesca , Begum Gulnaz , Pignataro Giuseppe , Sirabella Rossana , Cuomo Ornella , Casamassa Antonella , Sun Dandan , Annunziato Lucio
Published: July 2016

Sodium dynamics are essential for regulating functional processes in glial cells. Indeed, glial Na+ signaling influences and regulates important glial activities, and plays a role in neuron‐glia interaction under physiological conditions or in response to injury of the central nervous system (CNS). Emerging studies indicate that Na+ pumps and Na+‐dependent ion transporters in astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes regulate Na+ homeostasis and play a fundamental role in modulating glial activities in neurological diseases. In this review, we first briefly introduced the emerging roles of each glial cell type in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and myelin diseases. Then, we discussed the current knowledge on the main roles played by the different glial Na+‐dependent ion transporters, including Na+/K+ ATPase, Na+/Ca2+ exchangers, Na+/H+ exchangers, Na+‐K+‐Cl− cotransporters, and Na+‐
cotransporter in the pathophysiology of the diverse CNS diseases. We highlighted their contributions in cell survival, synaptic pathology, gliotransmission, pH homeostasis, and their role in glial activation, migration, gliosis, inflammation, and tissue repair processes. Therefore, this review summarizes the foundation work for targeting Na+‐dependent ion transporters in glia as a novel strategy to control important glial activities associated with Na+ dynamics in different neurological disorders. GLIA 2016;64:1677–1697
Family history and the risk of colorectal cancer: The importance of patients' history of colonoscopy
Authors: Weigl Korbinian , Jansen Lina , Chang‐Claude Jenny , Knebel Phillip , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann
Published: July 2016

Registry‐based studies on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) for persons with a family history (FH) typically did not control for important covariates, such as history of colonoscopy. We aimed to quantify the association between FH and CRC risk, carefully accounting for potential confounders. We conducted a population‐based case–control study in Germany. A total of 4,313 patients with a first diagnosis of CRC (cases) and 3,153 controls recruited from 2003 to 2014 were included. We used multiple logistic regression analyses to assess the association between FH and risk of CRC with odds ratios (OR) and the resulting 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). A total of 582 cases (13.5%) and 321 (10.2%) controls reported a history of CRC in a first‐degree relative, which was associated with a 41% increase in risk of CRC (OR: 1.41, 95% CI 1.22–1.63) after adjustment for sex and age. The OR substantially increased to 1.73 (95% CI, 1.48–2.03) after comprehensive adjustment including previous colonoscopies. Irrespective of their FH status, persons with history of colonoscopies had a lower CRC risk compared with persons without previous colonoscopies and without family history (OR: 0.25, 95% CI, 0.22–0.28 for persons without FH and OR 0.45, 95% CI, 0.36–0.56 for persons with FH). In an era of widespread use of colonoscopy, adjusting for previous colonoscopy is therefore crucial for deriving valid estimates of FH‐related CRC risk. Colonoscopy reduces the risk of CRC among those with FH far below levels of people with no FH and no colonoscopy.
A prospective study of dietary patterns and cancer mortality among Blacks and Whites in the REGARDS cohort
Authors: Akinyemiju Tomi , Moore Justin Xavier , Pisu Maria , Lakoski Susan G. , Shikany James , Goodman Michael , Judd Suzanne E.
Published: July 2016

Marked racial differences exist in dietary patterns and obesity, as well as cancer mortality. This study aims to assess whether dietary patterns are associated with cancer mortality overall and by race. We identified 22,041 participants from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort. Dietary patterns were categorized into: Convenience (Chinese and Mexican foods, pasta, pizza), Plant‐based (fruits, vegetables), Southern (added fats, fried foods, sugar‐sweetened beverages), Sweets/Fats (sugary foods) and Alcohol/Salads (alcohol, green‐leafy vegetables, salad dressing). Using Cox regression, we examined the association between quartiles of dietary patterns and cancer mortality, adjusted for potential confounders, overall among all participants and stratified by race. A total of 873 cancer deaths were observed over the 10‐year observation period: 582 (66.7%) in Whites and 291 (33.3%) in Blacks. Greater adherence to the Southern dietary pattern was associated with an increased risk of cancer mortality (4th vs. 1st quartile HR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.32–2.10) overall, especially among Whites (4th vs. 1st quartile HR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.22–2.08). The convenience (HR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.56–0.94) and Plant‐based (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.55–0.93) dietary patterns were associated with up to a 28% reduced risk of cancer mortality, but only among Whites. Greater adherence to the Southern dietary pattern increased the risk of cancer mortality, while greater adherence to the convenience and Plant‐based diets reduced the risk of cancer mortality among Whites. Racial differences were observed in the association between dietary patterns and cancer mortality, but warrant further study.