bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated Magnetic and Electrical Geophysical Methods for Detecting Concealed Porphyry Copper Deposits in Sedimentary Basins: A Case Study From the Western Liupanshan Basin, Northwest China
Authors: Tao Rui , Qiang Tai , Gong Tingting , Sun Yongliang , Mei Chao , Ren Rui , Yang Ye
Published: January 2025

Exploration for concealed porphyry copper (Cu) deposits in sedimentary basins is challenging. Integrated geophysical exploration methods, combining electrical and magnetic techniques, have proven to be highly effective in the search for concealed metal deposits. This study focuses on the Yueliangshan area within the western Liupanshan Basin, utilising high‐precision (1: 10,000) ground magnetic surveys and induced polarisation sounding for Cu exploration. The goal is to interpret geophysical anomalies to delineate Cu mineralization zones, providing a reliable theoretical basis for subsequent engineering drilling. High‐precision ground magnetic surveys indicate that magnetic anomalies are primarily caused by Proterozoic to Palaeozoic metamorphosed volcanic‐sedimentary rock series and magmatic intrusions. These magnetic sources are distributed along a northwest‐southeast regional structural uplift zone, with the upper interface buried approximately 400 m deep. The magnetic bodies trend southwest and are steeply inclined. The induced polarisation sounding results reveal that sulphide mineralized alteration zones at the margins of concealed granodiorite bodies are responsible for the high polarizability characteristics observed in exploration sections 2 and 8. Compared to geophysical parameters from ground magnetic surveys, high polarizability obtained from induced polarisation measurements are the most effective indicators for identifying porphyry bodies that have undergone mineralized alteration. It is proposed that engineering drilling at the sites of maximum anomalies caused by mineralized alteration offers a high feasibility for discovering Cu deposits. Finally, this study summarises the comprehensive exploration indicators for concealed porphyry Cu deposits in sedimentary basins and proposes a generalised exploration model.
Association between prophylactic antibiotics for endometrial biopsy and the incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ishida Risa , Sasabuchi Yusuke , Koga Kaori , Izumi Gentaro , Shigemi Daisuke , Matsui Hiroki , Yasunaga Hideo , Osuga Yutaka
Published: January 2025

Synopsis

Prophylactic antibiotics for endometrial biopsy may not reduce the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, and their routine use may not be recommended.
MT‐BAAN: Multi‐View Topological Bilinear Aggregation Attention Network Model for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Liu Jie , Zeng Weiming , Zhang Wei , Zhang Ru , Luo Sizhe
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are common cognitive disorders. Research has shown that cognitive decline is closely related to abnormal connections between different functional areas of the brain. However, research on brain functional network (BFN) has mainly focused on individual topological structures, seldom considering the sparsity of the BFNs and the complexity of multi‐level interactions among brain regions. To tackle this problem, in this article, we propose a multi‐view topological bilinear aggregation attention network model (MT‐BAAN) for disease diagnosis and brain network analysis. Based on rs‐fMRI data, the model mainly includes a multi‐view graph construction module (MVGC), a feature enhancement module (FEM), a dual‐level attention module (DLAM), and a graph relation convolution network module (GRCN). MVGC module uses two sparse methods to construct high‐view and low‐view graphs and retains fully connected BFN topology as the full‐view, aiming at capturing multi‐scale topological features. FEM and DLAM utilize bilinear aggregation and attention mechanisms, respectively, to learn topological features and obtain weight coefficients that reflect the importance of different network views. The GRCN module employs two convolutional operators to learn the BFN topology information at the node and network levels and completes the classification. The experimental results indicate that the complementary learning of multi‐view topologies can effectively improve model performance. Across binary classification tasks and ternary classification tasks, MT‐BAAN shows superior performance compared to other experimental methods, which is valuable for research and clinical diagnosis of attention deficit disorder AD and MCI.
Promoting Angiogenesis/Osteogenesis by a New Copper/Magnesium Hydroxide Hybrid Nanoparticle: In Vitro and In Vivo Investigation
Authors: Khalkhali Parsa , Omidi Meisam , Masson‐Meyers Daniela S. , Akbari Babak , Dehghan Mohammad Mehdi , Aminianfar Hossein , Farzad‐Mohajeri Saeed , Mansouri Vahid , Nikpasand Amin , Tayebi Lobat
Published: January 2025

In this study, a new hybrid nanoparticle composed of magnesium hydroxide and copper oxide (Mg(OH)2/CuO) with an optimized ratio of magnesium (Mg) to copper (Cu) was designed and incorporated into a 3D‐printed scaffold made of polycaprolactone (PCL) and gelatin. These hybrid nanostructures (MCNs) were prepared using a green, solvent‐free method. Their topography, surface morphology, and structural properties were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The fabricated 3D‐printed PCL/Gelatin/MCN scaffolds were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Cell viability tests on murine calvarial preosteoblasts (MC3T3‐E1) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) demonstrated that the scaffolds could induce proper cell proliferation. Additionally, the angiogenic and osteogenic properties of the constructs were evaluated using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteogenesis‐related, and angiogenesis‐related gene expression tests. The in vivo study was conducted using a rat calvarial defect model, which confirmed the superior angiogenic and osteogenic properties of the PCL/gelatin/MCN scaffolds compared to PCL/Gelatin and PCL/Gelatin/Mg(OH)2 scaffolds. Overall, the PCL/Gelatin/MCN scaffolds showed promising potential for bone regeneration, particularly for critical‐sized defects where proper angiogenesis is essential for tissue reconstruction.
A nosographic and etiopathogenetic framework for subchondral bone marrow lesions in the knee: A narrative review
Authors: Andriolo Luca , Sangiorgio Alessandro , Galea Anthony , Linder‐Ganz Eran , Orth Patrick , Shabshin Nogah , Yamamoto Takuaki , Filardo Giuseppe
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Subchondral bone marrow lesions (BMLs) are present in a wide range of pathologies with different prognoses. Thus, a careful diagnosis is mandatory to address them with the proper treatment. The aim of this review was to examine BMLs aetiology and their relationship with biomechanical and biological factors, to identify BMLs and help clinicians to properly recognize and treat each of these common alterations.

Discussion

Each pathological pattern is determined by different aetiologic factors, which may act alone or synergically in determining the BML. These factors include major or minor trauma, bone tissue alterations, altered joint load distribution, coagulopathies, and hormonal alterations. This narrative review encompasses these patterns and factors providing a nosographic and etiopathogenetic framework for subchondral BMLs in the knee.

Conclusion

While the field is still heterogeneous in the definition of the nosographic framework of BMLs, there is a trend with the convergence towards a common terminology, which could help to shed more light on the complex and varied field of BMLs. Future studies should focus on better understanding the etiopathogenetic mechanisms, which can concur with the development of BML from one side, and, on the other hand, may represent targets for future treatments to address BMLs and preserve or restore the osteochondral unit.

Level of Evidence

Expert Opinion, Level V.
Practices and perspectives of genetic counselors about high‐risk pancreatic cancer screening: A cross‐sectional survey study
Authors: Wiegand Amy , Chhoda Ankit , Namboodiri Aparna , Grimshaw Alyssa A. , Dalela Disha , Farrell James
Published: January 2025

Surveillance of individuals at high‐risk of pancreatic cancer using CAPS criteria and other expert consensus guidelines may result in earlier pancreatic cancer detection in some cases; therefore, clinicians are responsible for appropriately identifying and referring these individuals to appropriate high‐risk pancreas cancer screening programs. This study aimed at assessing the perspective, knowledge, and clinical practices of cancer genetic counselors surveyed nationwide towards identification of individuals at high‐risk of pancreatic cancer and utilization of high‐risk pancreatic cancer screening programs. One hundred and eighty‐nine genetic counselors who listed “Cancer” as their specialty on the NSGC website responded to the survey, which consisted of multiple practice‐based, knowledge‐based, and clinical vignette‐based questions. Almost 70% of the genetic counselors surveyed accurately identified when an individual would be considered for high‐risk pancreatic cancer screening, when using 2019 CAPS consensus guidelines as a benchmark. Access to high‐risk pancreatic cancer screening programs and increased provider comfort in counseling individuals at high‐risk of pancreatic cancer were found to be statistically associated in accurate identification of high‐risk individuals in three of the clinical vignettes. Additionally, 60% of genetic counselors reported the majority of high‐risk individuals accept a referral for pancreatic cancer screening, which shows a high uptake of patients accepting referrals from genetic counselors. Genetic counselors have high accuracy in determining who is eligible for high‐risk pancreas screening; thus, they are the ideal providers for initiating referrals to high‐risk pancreatic cancer screening programs. Genetic counseling programs and high‐risk pancreatic cancer screening programs should establish a close working relationship to optimize the identification and subsequent referrals of high‐risk individuals eligible for pancreas cancer screening.
Longitudinal Follow‐Up of the Specific Antibody Response to SARS‐CoV‐2 Vaccination in Colombia
Authors: Arévalo‐Herrera Myriam , Rincón‐Orozco Bladimiro , González‐Escobar John Mario , Herrera‐Arévalo Sonia Marcela , Carrasquilla‐Agudelo Elena , Serna‐Ortega Paula Andrea , Quiceno‐García Sebastián , Palacio‐Muñoz Nicolas , Rosero‐López Brandon , Mondol‐Miranda Ernesto , Freyle‐Roman Ivette , Mendoza‐Landinez Brayan , Mora‐Guevara Eliana , Santos‐Barbosa Juan Carlos , Bohórquez‐Martínez Francisco , Bolaños‐Cristancho Natalia , Jiménez‐Serna Mónica , Nieto‐Rojas María A. , Suarez‐Zamora David , Quintero‐Espinosa Juliana , Londoño‐Trujillo Darío , Herrera‐ Valencia Sócrates
Published: January 2025

A total of 5011 adult volunteers attending vaccination centers in different regions of Colombia were enrolled in a 1‐year prospective observational cohort study to evaluate the immunogenicity and effectiveness of SARS‐CoV‐2‐based vaccines as part of a National Vaccine Program established to contain the COVID‐19 pandemic. Following informed consent, 5,011 participants underwent a sociodemographic survey and PCR testing to assess SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Blood samples were collected, and serum fractions were obtained from a participant subsample (n = 3441) at six‐time points to assess virus‐specific IgG responses to the Spike protein, its Receptor Binding Domain, and the Nucleoprotein by ELISA. Additionally, antibody‐neutralizing activity was evaluated using a cPass SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralization kit. Most participants (95.8%; n = 4802) received between one Ad26. COV2.S (Janssen vaccine) and four vaccine doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech), AZD1222 (AstraZeneca), mRNA‐1273 (Moderna), CoronaVac (Sinovac), with some receiving vaccine combinations; a small group, 4.2% (n = 209), remained unvaccinated. Throughout the study, only 8.76% (n = 439) of the participants tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 by PCR. Notably, all participants seroconverted for IgG antibodies, with high seropositivity rates for S (99.8%; n = 4795), RBD (99.7%; n = 1691), and N (92.7%; n = 3072) proteins. Moreover, significant (92%–97%) neutralizing activity was observed for all four SARS‐CoV‐2 circulating variants. This study highlights the importance of assessing the duration of the IgG response to SARS‐CoV‐2 elicited by vaccination and infection, and the antibody neutralizing activity as a potential surrogate marker of protection. These findings provide important insight for further strengthening the vaccination strategies to control COVID‐19.
Associations Between the Neural Stress Response and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression
Authors: Giglberger Marina , Peter Hannah L. , Henze Gina‐Isabelle , Bärtl Christoph , Konzok Julian , Kirsch Peter , Kudielka Brigitte M. , Kreuzpointner Ludwig , Wüst Stefan
Published: January 2025

Anxiety and depression disorders show high prevalence rates, and stress is a significant risk factor for both. However, studies investigating the interplay between anxiety, depression, and stress regulation in the brain are scarce. The present manuscript included 124 law students from the LawSTRESS project. Anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and psychosocial stress was induced with the imaging stress paradigm ScanSTRESS. Anxiety, but not depression scores, were significantly related to neural stress responses in a striato‐limbic cluster. Moreover, relative to women, men showed stronger associations between anxiety scores and activation in striatal and temporal clusters. A bifactor model of the HADS suggested a general factor characterized by tension, nervousness, and cheerlessness, which was associated with activation changes in a similar but more circumscribed cluster than anxiety. In the LawSTRESS project, the HADS was assessed at five sampling points (1 year, 3 months, 1 week prior exam, 1 week, and 1 month thereafter), and thus an exploratory trajectory analysis could be performed. It confirmed the relationship between anxiety scores and striatal stress responses at baseline but revealed no predictive value of the neural measure across the sampling points. Our results suggest that—in healthy young participants—neural acute psychosocial stress responses in striato‐limbic structures are associated with anxiety, supporting the assumption that these regions are related to individual differences in vulnerability to stress‐related disorders. A correlation with depression scores could not be found, and possible explanations are discussed.
What Could Go Wrong? Anxiety Fuels, but Optimism Buffers Negative Counterfactual Divergent Thinking
Authors: Kapoor Hansika , Rezaei Sarah , Mahadeshwar Hreem , Kaufman James C.
Published: January 2025

Anxiety‐driven counterfactual thinking can be a slippery slope. Building on the premise that both positive and negative emotions can impact creativity, the present study examines how trait anxiety, optimism, and other mental health factors like therapy experience shape outputs in divergent thinking (DT) tasks. Using an online sample (N = 647), the study introduces counterfactual DT tasks, where participants are prompted to respond to how a situation can either go in their favor (positive) or against it (negative). Participants generated more original responses in the positive counterfactual DT task versus the negative one; however, they generated a higher number of ideas in the negative task compared to the positive one. Both counterfactual tasks led to higher originality and fluency as compared to a real‐world DT task. Trait anxiety, especially when combined with past therapy experience or a previous mental health diagnosis, increased the number of negative counterfactual ideas. In contrast, optimism acted as a protective factor, enabling fewer ideas in the negative counterfactual task when combined with past therapy experience or a past mental health diagnosis. Our study challenges the binary view of emotional influences on creativity, highlighting the role of individual differences and experiences in shaping creative outputs. Diversifying the counterfactual DT tasks and using more refined measures of rumination and mental health history can provide further nuance to this line of research between creativity and anxiety.
Bone and Nerve Response to Sciatic Compression Neuropathy in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Fringuello Anthony R. , Kurtzman Joey S. , Hayes Westley , Carter John , Koehler Steven M.
Published: January 2025

Compression neuropathy is a prevalent medical condition, including common types such as carpal tunnel syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome, sciatica, and many others. While the neurological consequences are well understood, the effects on bone properties and the potential downstream impact on fracture risk remain less clear. This study aimed to assess the influence of compressive neuropathy on bone properties using a rabbit model of sciatic nerve compression. We hypothesized that compressive neuropathy could adversely alter bone properties. Five New Zealand white rabbits underwent surgery to induce perineural scarring in the sciatic nerve, with the contralateral limb serving as a sham control. Bone mineral density (BMD), mechanical strength, and bone signaling proteins were evaluated through microcomputed tomography (μCT), four‐point bending tests, and ELISA assays, respectively. Sciatic nerve histology was analyzed using VEGF and Nissl staining to assess axon and Schwann cell densities and quantified using image analysis software. The results showed no significant differences in BMD, biomechanical properties, or key bone signaling proteins (OPG and RANKL) between the affected and control tibias. These findings suggest that compression neuropathy does not significantly impact bone properties in the rabbit model.
ICD‐11 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD in a sample of prison staff: A latent profile approach
Authors: Dhingra Katie , Boyda David , Mitchell Sean M. , Taylor Peter J.
Published: January 2025

Although empirical support for the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (11th ed.; ICD‐11) distinction between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) is growing, research into the ICD‐11 CPTSD model in prison staff is lacking. This study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to (a) determine if there are distinct groups of trauma‐exposed prison governors (i.e., “wardens” in the United States and Canada) who have symptom profiles consistent with the distinction between PTSD and CPTSD and (b) identify predictors and posttraumatic maladaptive beliefs associated with the latent profiles. Trauma‐exposed prison governors (N = 385) completed the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) and a measure of traumatic life events. LPA was used to extract profiles using the six ITQ symptom clusters and revealed four profiles: CPTSD (8.4%), PTSD (14.4%), disturbances in self‐organization (DSO; 11.0%), and low symptoms (66.3%). Membership in the CPTSD and DSO profiles was associated with cumulative traumatization, odds ratios (OR) = 1.42 and OR = 1.26, respectively, and poorer health, OR = 2.84 and OR = 1.64, respectively, relative to the low symptom profile, and membership in the PTSD profile was associated with younger age, OR = 0.91, relative to the low symptom profile. The CPTSD profile showed the highest level of posttraumatic maladaptive beliefs. This study yields empirical support for the ICD‐11 CPTSD model in prison staff. The results provide additional support for the validity of ITQ measurement of PTSD and CPTSD.
Superbly Bright Tin‐Based Perovskite LEDs
Authors: Miao Zeyu , Guo Jie , Jiang Dan , Zheng Weijia , Yin Wenxu , Luo Zhao , Zhou Xinyan , Jiang Zhou , Zhang Wei , Zhang Xiuyun , Chen Cong , Dai Xingliang , Dong Qingfeng , Yang Xuyong , Wang Ning , Wu Tom , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhang Jiaqi
Published: January 2025

Tin (Sn)‐based perovskites have made notable advances with external quantum efficiency of over 20%, but still exhibit low electroluminescence brightness insufficient for outdoor displays. Here, it is demonstrated that compact phenethylammonium tin iodide (PEA2SnI4) films with an intact crystal structure can offer high luminance by optimizing the perovskite crystallization rate simultaneously with engineering the grain surface. Ammonium thiocyanate is added to the precursor solution to generate the film with PEA2SnIxSCN4‐x and NH4I after spin‐coating. Sn2+ and SCN− have a strong interaction that slows crystallization to improve PEA2SnI4 crystal quality. During the subsequent annealing, I− from NH4I replaces SCN− in PEA2SnIxSCN4‐x by forming thiourea, which can escape from the film to leave intact PEA2SnI4 crystals. It is found that the optimized PEA2SnI4 emitting layers can provide outstanding film coverage, high crystallinity, low trap state density, and superior photophysical performance. Consequently, an impressive brightness of 8285 cd m−2 for pure red electroluminescence is achieved, the first report of Sn‐based perovskite light‐emitting diodes that meet outdoor display requirements.
Material Point Method Modeling of Granular Flow Considering Phase Transition From Solid‐Like to Fluid‐Like States
Authors: Feng Hang , Liang Weijian , Yin Zhen‐Yu , Hu Liming
Published: January 2025

Granular flow is ubiquitous in various engineering scenarios, such as landslides, avalanches, and industrial processes. Reliable modeling of granular flow is crucial for mitigating potential hazards and optimizing process efficiency. However, the complex behavior of granular media, which transitions between solid‐like and fluid‐like states, poses a significant challenge in their modeling, particularly when involving rapid mobilization. To address this challenge, we propose an innovative constitutive model capable of capturing the highly nonlinear behavior of granular flow by integrating frictional and collisional mechanisms under varying states. The proposed model incorporates two distinct stress components: frictional stress and collisional stress. The frictional stress is governed by a critical‐state‐based elastoplasticity model, which accurately describes the solid‐like behavior of granular media. On the other hand, the collisional stress is formulated using a well‐established kinetic theory, which effectively captures the fluid‐like behavior of granular media. To seamlessly transition between these two states, we introduce a novel state variable, the granular temperature, which serves as a measure of the kinetic energy of the granular system. This innovative transition model is further incorporated into a GPU‐based material point method (MPM) and used to model two types of granular flows, including column collapse and flume test on an inclined surface. The numerical results show good agreement with available experimental data, highlighting the efficacy of our proposed phase transition model with the MPM modeling approach in effectively capturing the transition of granular materials from solid‐like to fluid‐like states throughout the mobilization process, from initiation to final deposition.
Effects of a Behavior Intervention Based on the Recurrence Risk Perception and Behavioral Decision Model for Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhang Zhenxiang , Lin Beilei , Jiang Hu , Mei Yongxia , Li Xin , Ma Ling
Published: January 2025

Behavioral management is essential to preventing recurrence after stroke, but its adherence is limited worldwide. We aimed to assess the impact of the behavior intervention based on the Recurrence risk perception and Behavioral decision Model for ischemic stroke patients' health behavior. This study was a single‐blind, randomized, controlled trial with a 3‐month follow‐up. The outcome measures were the perception of the risk of stroke recurrence, behavioral decision, and health behavior. A total of seventy participants were randomized to the intervention group (n = 35) or control group (n = 35). The former received a twelve‐week theory‐based intervention in addition to the routine education, while the control group received only the routine education. The generalized estimating equations results indicated that the intervention group had significantly greater improvements in perception of the risk of stroke recurrence compared to the control group at all T1 (B = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.23), T2 (B = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.28), and T3 (B = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.25) after adjusting for stroke frequency. Statistically significant improvements were found in behavioral decision for the intervention group compared with the control group at T2 (B = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.41) and T3 (B = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.43). Results also showed a significantly higher increase in health behavior at T1 (B = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.48) and T2 (B = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.40). The intervention can improve the perception of the risk of stroke recurrence, behavioral decision, and health behavior in ischemic stroke patients.

Implications

This study provides a reference point for promoting healthy behaviors in patients with ischemic stroke. A recurrence risk perception and behavioral decision model‐based intervention was deemed to be feasible and useful in practice.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patients and their caregivers agreed to participate in the study and shared their experiences of participating in research with us.
Exploring the Dark Side of the NGO Halo: Relating NGO Mission, Morals, and People to NGO Unethical Behavior
Authors: De Bruin Cardoso Isabel , Meyer Marco , Kaptein Muel
Published: January 2025

This study explores why nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) engage in unethical behavior because of, and not despite, their perceived moral integrity. Contrary to expectations, we show how a glorified perception of moral integrity within NGOs can create blind spots for unethical behavior, a phenomenon termed the NGO halo effect. The NGO halo consists of people in NGOs glorifying the moral goodness of their organization's mission, morals, and people and prioritizing them over other considerations, the effect of which is unethical behavior. The relationship between the NGO halo and NGO unethical behavior has not been measured. We conduct two studies to measure the relationship between the NGO halo and NGO unethical behavior. In Study 1 (N = 256), we define and establish the content validity of the two NGO halo effect constructs. In Study 2 (N = 544), we validate the constructs and use a regression design to show that the NGO halo is positively and significantly related to unethical behavior. Our research reveals the dark side of moral idealization and confirms that the NGO halo effect is a risk factor for NGO unethical behavior.
Mitigating Effort Through Power: The Impact of Participant Power in Nonprofit Participatory Campaign Engagement
Authors: Kim E. , Kim Y. , Kang E.
Published: January 2025

This study empirically demonstrates the effect of participant power within the framework of nonprofit campaigns, specifically examining its moderating role in mitigating the perceived effort required for participation. Two studies used a 2 (participation effort: high/low) × 2 (participant power: high/low) between‐subjects experimental design. Results indicate that when participant power was low, intentions to engage in nonprofit campaigns were lower among participants facing high participation effort compared with those facing low effort. Conversely, when participant power was high, no significant differences were observed based on the level of participation effort. This research sheds light on the nuanced dynamics of participant involvement in nonprofit campaigns, emphasizing the pivotal role of perceived power in influencing participation behaviors.
A Multilayer, Multimethod Web and Language Accessibility Analysis of US Nonprofit Organization Websites: Considerations for the Marketing and Promotion of Online Giving
Authors: Mason A. M. , Baldwin Lauren , Ahring Tatum
Published: January 2025

In lieu of recent declines in individual giving to US nonprofits focused on social causes, education, environment, and animal welfare, this study examines the web and language accessibility of US nonprofit websites. By examining potential accessibility design barriers, we seek to understand whether US nonprofit organizations are limiting their outreach to online donors, specifically persons with disabilities (PwDs). Nonprofit websites were systematically and randomly sampled from Charity Navigator's Alphabetical Listing of the Top 1000 Most Visited Charities database. Using a multimethodological approach consisting of manual verification and computer‐automated analysis techniques, we assess the web and language accessibility of leading US nonprofit organization websites (n = 81). Quantitative analysis of web accessibility data reveals that a little more than 5% of US. nonprofit websites offer accessibility policy (AP) statements or tailored information to PwDs on the website home pages. Results show US nonprofit websites are laden with specific accessibility error types that are most likely to impact user experiences related to perceivability, operability, and understandability. These error types were also positively and moderately correlated across the home, donation, and contact pages within the websites. This study draws attention to the critical role of web and language accessibility in fulfilling stakeholder needs and advancing nonprofit missions. Discussion and limitations are provided.
Ethics and Efficacy: The Influence of Social Capital and Governance on Key Financial Metrics in Nonprofit Organizations
Authors: Mwaungulu Emmanuel , Stan Ciprian
Published: January 2025

This study explores the influence of community‐level social capital on human behavior and its reflection on the practices and performance of nonprofit organizations. Drawing from social norms theory and utilizing a dataset of 327,020 nonprofit filings from 2011 to 2017, our findings reveal a positive and significant relationship between social capital and nonprofit performance metrics, specifically return on assets and program ratio. Further analysis examines the moderating role of nonprofit governance on these dynamics. This study adds to the extant body of literature by delineating the impact of community‐level social capital on nonprofits across critical financial indicators, offering nuanced insights into the interplay between social capital, governance, and organizational financial health.
Sucrose and Gibberellic Acid Binding Stabilize the Inward‐Open Conformation of AtSWEET13: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Palmai Zoltan
Published: January 2025

In plants, sugar will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs) facilitate the translocation of mono‐ and disaccharides across membranes and play a critical role in modulating responses to gibberellin (GA3), a key growth hormone. However, the dynamic mechanisms underlying sucrose and GA3 binding and transport remain elusive. Here, we employed microsecond‐scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the influence of sucrose and GA3 binding on SWEET13 transporter motions. While sucrose exhibits high flexibility within the binding pocket, GA3 remains firmly anchored in the central cavity. Binding of both ligands increases the average channel radius along the transporter's principal axis. In contrast to the apo form, which retains its initial conformation throughout the simulation, ligand‐bound complexes undergo a significant conformational transition characterized by further opening of the intracellular gate relative to the inward‐open crystal structure (5XPD). This opening is driven by ligand‐induced bending of helix V, stabilizing the inward‐open state. Sucrose binding notably enhances the flexibility of the intracellular gate and amplifies anticorrelated motions between the N‐ and C‐terminal domains at the intracellular side, suggesting an opening‐closing motion of these domains. Principal component analysis revealed that this gating motion is most pronounced in the sucrose complex and minimal in the apo form, highlighting sucrose's ability to induce high‐amplitude gating. Our binding free energy calculations indicate that SWEET13 has lower binding affinity for sucrose compared to GA3, consistent with its role in sugar transport. These results provide insight into key residues involved in sucrose and GA3 binding and transport, advancing our understanding of SWEET13 dynamics.
New polymorphisms of Vkork1 gene related to anticoagulant resistance of rats and mice in Italy
Authors: Reggiani Alessandro , Rugna Gianluca , Polverini Eugenia , Veronesi Rodolfo , Bellini Romeo , Venturelli Claudio , Dini Filippo Maria , Galuppi Roberta , Pampiglione Guglielmo , Dottori Michele , Carra Elena
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are a very effective tool to control rodent pest populations. Nevertheless, AR resistance has been documented worldwide.

ARs block the cycle of vitamin K, leading to the death of the animal by internal bleeding: mutations in Vkorc1 gene can cause resistance.

The spreading of AR‐resistant rodents could lead to an increase of their populations, the associated diffusion of zoonotic pathogens, and to the amplified exposure of non‐target animals to ARs, thus it is important to study its diffusion widely. This study aimed to report firstly the presence of Vkorc1 mutations in synanthropic rodents from the Emilia‐Romagna region, Italy, and evaluate their role in resistance by means of molecular docking analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 67 animals were analyzed: 24 Rattus norvegicus, 35 Rattus rattus and eight Mus musculus. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with AR resistance, in homozygosis or heterozygosis, were detected in 6/8 mice, on codons 128 and 139, and 13/24 R. norvegicus, on codons 61 and 139, and in 10/35 R. rattus, on codon 59. Furthermore, several newly described missense mutations were detected in all the tested species: the molecular docking analysis suggests a role of some of these (e.g., I123S and F87L) in resistance to brodifacoum, both in rats and in mice.

CONCLUSION

The discovery of AR resistance SNPs in the 43.28% of tested rodents sounds as an alarm bell that requires the introduction of an integrated control approach, where ARs are not used routinely, but under specific monitoring evaluation. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Safety Inspections and Gas Monitoring in Hazardous Mining Areas Shortly After Blasting Using Autonomous UAVs
Authors: Nordström Samuel , Stathoulopoulos Nikolaos , Dahlquist Niklas , Lindqvist Björn , Tevetzidis Ilias , Kanellakis Christoforos , Nikolakopoulos George
Published: January 2025

This article presents the first ever fully autonomous UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) mission to perform gas measurements after a real blast in an underground mine. The demonstration mission was deployed around 40 min after the blast took place, and as such realistic gas levels were measured. We also present multiple field robotics experiments in different mines detailing the development process. The presented novel autonomy stack, denoted as the Routine Inspection Autonomy (RIA) framework, combines a risk‐aware 3D path planning , with 3D LiDAR‐based global relocalization on a known map, and it is integrated on a custom hardware and a sensing stack with an onboard gas sensing device. In the presented framework, the autonomous UAV can be deployed in incredibly harsh conditions (dust, significant deformations of the map) shortly after blasting to perform inspections of lingering gases that present a significant safety risk to workers. We also present a change detection framework that can extract and visualize the areas that were changed in the blasting procedure, a critical parameter for planning the extraction of materials, and for updating existing mine maps. As will be demonstrated, the RIA stack can enable robust autonomy in harsh conditions, and provides reliable and safe navigation behavior for autonomous Routine Inspection missions.
Theoretical Study on the Generation Mechanism of Intermediates During Discharge/Charge Processes in Lithium‐Air Batteries
Authors: Yuan Wei , Sun Hong , Li Jie , Zhang Tianyu
Published: January 2025

In this paper, molecular dynamics (MD) was used to investigate the problem of the generation mechanism of product intermediates in the aprotic electrolyte in lithium‐air batteries. Through the utilisation of simulations of the electrolyte system, molecular orbitals of the electrolyte, thermodynamic analysis of the product intermediates' reactions, the Li+ solvation structure, the electrochemical stability of the electrolyte, the Li+ and O2‐ diffusion coefficients, and the Gibb's free energy of the Li+‐O2‐ and Li+‐C2O62− were investigated in detail. The results show that the Li+ coordination structure was a contact ion pair (CIP) structure, and the formation of a 5‐coordination structure with oxygen atoms was lower in energy and more stable in structure. The TEGDME‐LiTFSI electrolyte was the most stable in electrochemistry. The Gibbs free energy of the generated Li+‐O2− and Li+‐C2O62‐ was negative, indicating that the reaction can proceed spontaneously at ambient temperature. The intermediate products were present in the electrolyte in the form of [Li(solvent)n+‐O2‐] and [Li(solvent)n+‐C2O62‐]. The study of the mechanism of product intermediates in the lithium‐air battery is important for scholars to analyze the product growth pathway and improve the battery performance.
Silver Nanoparticles for Anticancer and Antibacterial Therapy: A Biogenic and Easy Production Strategy
Authors: Doğan Serap , Baran Ayşe , Baran Mehmet Fırat , Eftekhari Aziz , Khalilov Rovshan , Aliyev Elvin , Kavetskyy Taras , Šauša Ondrej , Smutok Oleh
Published: January 2025

Metal nanoparticles are very valuable products due to their wide range of uses. Among these silver nanoparticles are beneficial products used in many fields, especially in medicine, due to their antibacterial properties. This research aimed to produce silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) that are both affordable and environmentally friendly. For this purpose, Ag NPs were quickly obtained from domestic waste components of the carrot plant (Daucus carota L.). The UV–vis spectrophotometric, TEM, AFM, FE‐SEM, STEM, EDX, XRD, and DLS analyses were performed to determine the properties of the obtained Ag NPs. It has been found that their surface charge is −21.8 mV, with a maximum absorbance at a wavelength of 421.37 nm, spherical appearance, and an average size distribution of 85.41 nm. The anticancer and antibacterial activities of the produced Ag NPs were investigated by MTT and microdilution. The synthesized Ag NPs showed the most significant antimicrobial effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27833 with microdilution and low concentration. However, they were also determined to be effective on Bacillus subtilis ATCC 11774 and on Candida albicans ATCC 10231 pathogenic strains. In fact, the effective concentrations of Ag NPs on these strains were significantly lower than the antibiotics used. Furthermore, aside from exhibiting a superior anticancer impact on CaCO‐2 cancer cells, it was established that Ag NPs also had remarkable efficacy in inhibiting U118 and Skov‐3 cancer cells.
Prognosis of OSA‐COPD overlap syndrome: A matter of concern
Authors: Wu Shujuan , Liu Xu , Yue Wuriliga , Hu Ke
Published: January 2025

The impact of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)‐chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap syndrome (OVS) should not be ignored. Increased upper airway resistance, systemic inflammatory response, and increased sympathetic nerve activity contributed to the adverse clinical outcomes in overlapping patients. Compared with COPD or OSA alone, those with OVS have more severe daytime hypoxemia and hypercapnia, leading to increased frequency and severity of COPD exacerbations. Consequently, patients with OVS experience increased rates of hospitalization and all‐cause mortality, alongside a markedly elevated risk of cardiovascular events. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as a treatment can improve oxygenation and lung function in patients with OVS and reduce the risk of COPD exacerbation and cardiovascular death. However, individual differences in treatment effectiveness suggest the need for individualized treatment regiments and compliance monitoring. In addition, the current research evidence on OVS is insufficient, and more large‐sample, multicenter studies are needed to evaluate disease prognosis in patients with different phenotypes and establish uniform evaluation and treatment guidelines to optimize the clinical management of patients with OVS.
2D/1D Hierarchical Hollow NiO@PPy Composites with Tunable Dielectric Properties for Enhanced Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Yin Xiangyu , Zheng Zongrui , Chen Yixuan , Zhang Yue , Hou Linxi
Published: January 2025

The development of diverse microstructures has substantially contributed to recent progress in high‐performance electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials, providing a versatile platform for the modulation of absorption properties. Exploring multidimensional microstructures and developing tailored and gentle strategies for their precise optimization can substantially address the current challenges posed by relatively unclear underlying mechanisms. Here, a series of 2D/1D heterogeneous NiO@PPy composites featuring hollow hierarchical microstructures are successfully synthesized using a straightforward strategy combining sacrificial templating with chemical oxidative polymerization. This strategy offers a facile and effective approach to fine‐tune the microstructure by adjusting the thickness of the polypyrrole (PPy) coating. This enables the continuous optimization of the dielectric properties and specific microstructures to maximize EMW absorption. Remarkably, the optimized 2D/1D hierarchical hollow NiO@PPy composite demonstrates an ultrathin thickness of 2.3 mm, a wide effective absorption band spanning 5.89 GHz, and a strong absorption intensity of −71.65 dB at a minimal loading of only 10 wt.%. The proposed mild and controllable preparation strategy not only provides insights for further tailoring the optimal dielectric properties of specific structures to enhance the absorption capacity, but also enriches the exploration of the underlying absorption mechanisms from the perspective of microstructure regulation.
Insights Into the Local Heating Effects in Triple‐Cation Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Cells: Charge Dynamics, Coherent Phonons, Anion Segregation
Authors: Baranowski Jacek J. , Sahare Sanjay , Solovan Mykhailo , Florczak Patryk , Ziółek Marcin
Published: January 2025

The behavior of triple‐cation mixed halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) under ultrashort laser pulse irradiation at varying fluences is investigated, with a focus on local heating effects observed in femtosecond transient absorption (TA) studies. The carrier cooling time constant is found to increase from 230 fs at 2 µJ cm⁻2 to 1.3 ps at 2 mJ cm⁻2 while the charge population decay accelerates from tens of nanoseconds to the picosecond range within the same fluence range. At fluences between 0.5 and 5 mJ cm2, distinct oscillations in the TA signal (≈1.1 MHz) reveal the presence of coherent longitudinal acoustic phonons (CLAP). These phonons induce lattice strain propagating at the speed of sound through the perovskite layer and exhibit relatively long damping times. TA spectra further reveal a partially reversible segregation of iodide and bromide anions under pulsed excitation. Interestingly, higher local heating at increased pump fluences slows the segregation process, with time constants extending from 40 min at low fluences to 110 min at high fluences. However, the continuous irradiation results in significantly smaller segregation effects compared to ultrashort pulse irradiation.
Single‐Atom Iridium‐doped Carbon Dots Nanozyme with High Peroxidase‐Like Activity as Colorimetric Sensors for Multimodal Detection of Mercury Ions
Authors: Li Tao , Xia Jiashan , Wu Mengyu , Liu Cong , Sun Yapei , Zhao Wanjiang , Qian Min , Wang Wei , Duan Weixia , Xu Shangcheng
Published: January 2025

Nanozyme‐based colorimetric sensors are promising approaches for environmental monitoring, food safety, and medical diagnostics. However, developing novel nanozymes that exhibit high catalytic activity, good dispersion in aqueous solution, high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability is challenging. In this study, for the first time, single‐atom iridium‐doped carbon dot nanozymes (SA Ir‐CDs) are synthesized via a simple in situ pyrolysis process. Doping carbon dots with iridium in the form of single atoms to achieve maximum atomic utilization not only enhances peroxidase (POD)‐like activity to 178.81 U mg−1 but also improves the dispersibility of single‐atom nanozymes in aqueous solutions over 30 days. Hence, the SA Ir‐CD colorimetric platform is developed for mercury ions (Hg2+) detection and exhibited a good linear relationship from 0.01 to 10 µm and a detection limit of 4.4 nm. Notably, the changes in color can be observed not only through the naked eye but also via a smartphone, enabling convenient field and onsite monitoring without the need for sophisticated analytical equipment. In this study, an approach for fabricating single‐atom metal‐based carbon dot nanozymes with high POD‐like activity is developed, and a new effective and easy‐to‐use colorimetric sensor for Hg2+ detection is constructed.
Electron‐Donating Zr Induces Suppressed Ru Over‐Oxidation and Accelerated Deprotonation Process Toward Efficient and Durable Water Electrolysis
Authors: Yang Ming , Guan Xin , Shi Zhaoping , Wu Hongxiang , Cheng Yuqing , Wang Ziang , Liu Wei , Xiao Fei , Shao Minhua , Xiao Meiling , Liu Changpeng , Xing Wei
Published: January 2025

The scarcity of cost‐effective and durable iridium‐free anode electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) poses a significant challenge to the widespread application of the proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE). To address the electrochemical oxidation and dissolution issues of Ru‐based electrocatalysts, an electron‐donating modification strategy is developed to stabilize WRuOx under harsh oxidative conditions. The optimized catalyst with a low Zirconium doping (Zr, 1 wt.%) enhances durability noticeably, with a 77% reduction in degradation rate in the durability test of 10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 m H2SO4. When integrated into a homemade PEMWE device, the Zr‐doped catalyst achieves excellent long‐term stability, lasting up to 650 h at 100 mA cm⁻2. Additionally, the electronic modulation from the Zr modification leads to superior activity with a low overpotential of 208 mV at 10 mA cm−2. Theoretical calculation results further reveal that electron‐donating Zr modification effectively suppresses Ru overoxidation and lattice oxygen participation, maintaining a robust structure during acidic OER. This modification also promotes deprotonation through stronger Brønsted acid sites, significantly improving both long‐term stability and activity.
Enhancing Photocatalytic CO2RR by Modulating the Active Sites of COF‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Yuan Xiao‐Min , Xiao Deng‐Meng‐Fei , Zhao Cheng‐Long , Zhang Chuan‐Lei
Published: January 2025

The catalytic conversion of CO2 into valuable chemicals using metalized covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as catalysts is a promising method for reducing atmospheric CO2 levels. Herein, a aldehyde‐amine COF (TAPT‐Tp) at room temperature and pressure and their metallized results is synthesized, Ni‐TAPT‐Tp and Ti‐TAPT‐Tp. The photocatalytic results indicate that the CO2 to CO reduction rate is 6182.5 µmol g−1 h−1 for Ni‐TAPT‐Tp, but only 1615.4 µmol g−1 h−1 for Ti‐TAPT‐Tp. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations further demonstrate that for intermediates *CO2, *COOH, and *CO, the energy of Ni‐TAPT‐Tp is consistently lower than that of Ti‐TAPT‐Tp, indicating that Ni‐TAPT‐Tp exhibits superior photocatalytic performance for CO2RR. This work provides a reference for optimizing the coordination structure of M‐COFs to obtain highly active and selective CO2RR.