bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
País ou marca: influências na intenção de compra
Authors: Garrido Moraes Sergio , Strehlau Vivian Iara , Da Costa Figueiredo Cléber
Published: February 2015

O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar o impacto de aspectos relativos a país de origem e marca na intenção de compra do consumidor. A literatura é extensa na análise dos possíveis efeitos do país de origem de um produto na intenção de compra pelo consumidor, mas, em raros desses estudos, a marca é levada em consideração. O país e a marca estudados foram cuidadosamente selecionados, pois os Estados Unidos provocam sentimentos conflitantes e a marca Apple é conhecida e admirada. A revisão teórica incluiu imagem e afinidade com o país, personalidade e conexão do self com a marca. Foi realizada uma survey com 367 estudantes e aplicado o modelo de equações estruturais para analisar os impactos. Os resultados indicam que a relação consumidor-marca revelou força e significância maior do que outros constructos, apontando que, para a intenção de compra, é mais importante como o consumidor se vê em relação à marca do que suas atitudes com relação ao país.
Canais de marketing internacional da carne bovina brasileira: comparação entre Rússia e Reino Unido
Authors: Thomé Karim Marini , Vieira Luciana Marques
Published: February 2015

Este artigo compara os canais de marketing internacional russo e britânicos para a carne bovina brasileira. Os resultados revelam que o modelo desenvolvido neste estudo colabora para a compreensão das diferenças e das razões para a forma de organização desses canais. Os resultados também mostram que há diferença na maneira como esses canais estão organizados para buscar a eficiência nas transações. Atributos do ambiente institucional são capazes de influenciar a distinção entre canais em termos de eficiência de operação, tamanho e dependência. As firmas brasileiras são dependentes das firmas estrangeiras em ambos os canais. Percebe-se que empresas brasileiras que queiram acessar esses mercados de destino devem entender sua diferenciação e desenvolver formas distintas para abordá-los.
Avaliação de notebooks em aliança de co-branding
Authors: Almeida Cordeiro Rafaela , Canniatti Ponchio Mateus
Published: February 2015

O objetivo deste estudo é verificar como consumidores avaliam notebooks de marcas com diferentes níveis de conhecimento quando há aliança de co-branding com uma marca forte. Fez-se uso da teoria de ancoragem de marca, de acordo com a qual a percepção de um produto resultante da aliança entre uma marca mais conhecida e outra menos conhecida é mais influenciada pela marca com alto nível de conhecimento, ao passo que o efeito da ancoragem não deve ser verificado quando a co-branding é entre duas marcas fortes. Por meio de um experimento realizado com 290 estudantes universitários, de três instituições de ensino superior de São Paulo, foram testadas três hipóteses. Para tal, utilizou-se as escalas de conhecimento de marca e avaliação de produto. Foram encontradas evidências de que: (i) uma marca menos conhecida de notebooks tem seu produto melhor avaliado quando realiza co-branding com uma marca forte; (ii) embora uma marca muito conhecida tenha seus produtos bem avaliados isoladamente, ela também se beneficia da aliança de co-branding com uma marca forte.
O significado de cores e iluminação em uma atmosfera de serviços gastronômicos
Authors: Cruz Aguiar Edvan , Alencar de Farias Salomão , Sales Melo Francisco Vicente
Published: February 2015

Desde a sistematização do construto atmosfera de loja, estudos acadêmicos evidenciam a questão do ambiente de varejo e sua relação com o comportamento do consumidor, indicando que estímulos ambientais exercem influências emocionais e sensoriais. Em face disso, outras variáveis vêm sendo agregadas a fim de melhor compreender o poder da estimulação sensorial, como a experiência de consumo. Esta pesquisa buscou identificar os significados atribuídos pelos consumidores aos estímulos sensoriais visuais dispostos em uma atmosfera de serviços centrados na experiência gastronômica. Assumindo natureza qualitativa, utilizou-se o método de estudo de caso com inspiração fenomenológica. A partir da identificação dos significados “bem-estar”, “retrô”, “tranquilidade”, “conforto”, “agradável”, “convidativo para a conversa”, “relaxante”, “descontraído”, “animado”, “alegre”, “vivo” e “diferenciado”, verificou-se um alinhamento deles com a proposta de experiência ofertada pela organização de serviços investigada. Assim, o trabalho tanto contribui para a compreensão estratégica da influência da estimulação sensorial visual no comportamento do consumidor quanto traz uma perspectiva alternativa para a investigação do fenômeno experiência de consumo.
Il Dibattito Attorno All’ectogenesi: Un’analisi Quantita-Tiva e Qualitativa Degli Auspici e Timori Della Comunità Scientifica
Authors: Di Simone Valentina
Published: February 2015

Comprendere i processi di convergenza delle tecnologie robotiche, informatiche, nanotecnologiche e genetiche (RING) e lo sviluppo delle resistenze a queste innovazioni (neo-feudalesimo) è essenziale per prevedere e discutere le traiettorie dei sistemi sociali che caratterizzeranno il mondo nel prossimo futuro. Questi processi e le tensioni sociali che generano possono essere pienamente compresi studiando lo sviluppo dei dibattiti che generano in ambito accademico. Spesso, infatti, questi dibattiti si sono originati molto tempo prima che le tecnologie fossero realmente disponibili, grazie alla lungimiranza di pensatori visionari, e ne anticipano le conseguenze sociali. Lungo questa linea, il presente lavoro analizza gli sviluppi del dibattito sull’ectogenesi iniziato negli anni venti grazie alle intuizioni di J.D.B. Haldane. Ripercorriamo le varie fasi del dibattito con l’obiettivo di evidenziare le sue linee comuni e le argomentazioni che sono, invece, specifiche di alcuni periodi storici. Inoltre, intendiamo analizzare come il dibattito, nato inizialmente da una speculazione “fantascientifica”, si sia evoluto parallelamente allo sviluppo tecnologico, ad esempio con i progressi delle tecnologie associate alla realizzazione di un utero artificiale.
A criminalidade de colarinho-branco: a proposição teórica de Edwin Hardin Sutherland
Authors: Ayres França Leandro
Published: February 2015

Este artigo analisa a proposição teórica de Edwin Hardin Sutherland sobre a criminalidade de colarinho-branco. São explicados o contexto histórico, os pressupostos científicos, a experiência da pesquisa e as críticas que lhe foram opostas. O texto final é resultado de uma abordagem qualitativa, executada através de revisões bibliográficas, e com um arranjo exploratória e explanatória.
A terra e o sonho americano: sustentabilidade e suas dimensões
Authors: Wood Daniel Ricardo Augusto , Coêlho De Séllos-Knoerr Viviane
Published: February 2015

No texto que se segue, trata-se de discorrer a respeito da necessidade presente de permanente sensibilização quanto aos preceitos que levam à ideia de sustentabilidade, com base na No texto que se segue, trata-se de discorrer a respeito da necessidade presente de permanente sensibilização quanto aos preceitos que levam à ideia de sustentabilidade, com base na ética do desenvolvimento sustentável e no princípio constitucional da sustentabilidade. Vale dizer, é preciso ter em mente o fato de que, quando se fala de ética, com relação ao desenvolvimento sustentável, é questão de perceber a relação histórica que existe entre a falta de ética e o progressivo dispêndio de recursos naturais, num descaso não apenas com a natureza, mas com o próprio ser humano, de modo que chegou-se a essa situação de absoluta necessidade em que não preservar nem lutar por uma renovação dos recursos, com atenção para a multidimensionalidade da sustentabilidade, tem sérias implicações que podem levar à extinção da espécie humana.
Ativismo normativo na aplicação constitucional do desenvolvimento sustentável
Authors: Perez Esteves Henrique
Published: February 2015

Esse estudo tem o objetivo de realizar uma releitura constitucional do ideário ético/jurídico de desenvolvimento sustentável. Primeiro abordando tecnicamente se o conceito citado realmente tem o rigor jurídico para ser intitulado princípio. Definidas essas premissas, buscamos responder ao questionamento proposto e elevamos a norma desenvolvimento sustentável a categoria de superprincípio do direito ambiental, pois a dogmática constitucional, somada aos critérios de hermenêutica e a observação da jurisprudencial, demonstram a tendência cada vez mais premente de se dar primazia ao princípio do desenvolvimento sustentável quando em conflito com outro (s) princípio (s) constitucional (is) seja em matéria ambiental ou não. Para tanto, a hermenêutica, os princípios gerais do direito e seus fundamentos foram ferramentas primordiais na busca para conferir dignidade dogmática à problemática colocada. A abordagem foi dos critérios mais subjetivos aos mais práticos segundo a recentíssima jurisprudência.
A dimensão fundamental ecológica da dignidade da pessoa humana
Authors: Almada Mozetic Vinicius , Oliveira Mendes de Medeiros Franceschina Aline
Published: February 2015

O presente texto aborda acerca de um direito fundamental ao meio ambiente pautado no princípio da dignidade humana, de forma que o mesmo compreenda uma extensão do direito à vida. Assim, ante o exposto, será expresso acerca da definição, colocação jurídica e influência do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana como um direito nato ao homem. Em seguida será abordada a questão do meio ambiente como a própria expressão deste princípio e por fim, analisar-se-á a temática como consideração de extensão ao direito à vida. O método utilizado será o indutivo, o trabalho realizou-se com base em pesquisas bibliográficas.
O incentivo à moradia ambientalmente correta: o uso da energia renovável
Authors: Coelho Fabrízia Lelis Naime de Almeida
Published: February 2015

O presente artigo tem por escopo demonstrar que o acesso ao direito fundamental social à moradia deve ser assegurado de forma adequada. O direito de morar adequadamente implica necessariamente a observância do direito à saúde, à vida e ao meio ambiente ecolo-gicamente equilibrado e saudável, principalmente em favor das classes menos favorecidas. A finitude dos combustíveis fósseis, poluentes e caros, provocam o interesse pela utilização de fontes alternativas de energia. O Brasil é um país que possui abundância de radiação solar em quase todos os meses do ano. Sendo assim, analisaremos o uso da energia solar nas moradias populares para aquecimento de água, discutindo sua viabilidade econômica e ambiental. Analisaremos ainda os incentivos concedidos pelo Poder Público para o uso da energia solar em referidas habitações populares, com ênfase no programa “Minha Casa, Minha Vida”. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada no presente trabalho é empírico-analítica, utilizando-se da revisão bibliográfica e documental. Concluímos que o direito à moradia assegurado constitucionalmente deve ser garantido de forma adequada, valendo-se do uso da energia solar, em substituição ao chuveiro elétrico, podendo ser utilizado materiais alternativos de baixo custo. Dessa forma, as unidades habitacionais poderão ter maior conforto térmico, economia de energia e contribuirão para o meio ambiente ecologicamen-te equilibrado, mas sua prática deve fomentada e incentivada pelo poder público, como vem acontecendo no programa “Minha Casa, Minha Vida”.
Iniciativas de bioprospecção a partir da posse das unidades de conservação pelos povos e comunidades tradicionais
Authors: Teles Junior Adenevaldo
Published: February 2015

O sistema econômico vigente estrutura-se sob cadeia produtiva que está no seu limite, desencadeando problemas climáticos, causando degradação e a extinção de inestimável biodiversidade. Enquanto isso, o agronegócio se organiza como força política e mostra-se contra medidas de conservação ambiental e a repartição justa e equitativa dos recursos naturais. Todas as medidas de preservação encontra-se desamparadas, não contribuem para nenhuma função social. Nesse viés, surge a Bioprospecção como possível mecanismo para inclusão dos povos e comunidades tradicionais no mercado, contribuindo com os mecanismos de proteção ambiental e lhes garantindo acesso à terra.
Licitação sustentável em concessão de energias renováveis
Authors: De Almeida Coelho Rafael Isaac
Published: February 2015

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de demonstrar a realização do desenvolvimento nacional sustentável nas concessões públicas de energias renováveis. Para isso será abordado o instituto da licitação e a alteração da lei 8.666/93 pela lei 12.349/2010, que passou a ter o desenvolvimento sustentável como finalidade licitatória. Dentre os princípios de direito ambiental abordará, também, o princípio da consideração da variável ambiental. Posteriormente, serão analisados os procedimentos adotados pela Administração Pública Federal como forma de fazer cumprir a nova redação da lei de licitações, criando exigências nos editais de licitação para promover o desenvolvimento nacional sustentável. Ademais, será apresentada uma breve descrição de energias renováveis. Finalmente, serão analisados editais da Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica nas concessões públicas de energias renováveis com o objetivo de verificar o cumprimento da finalidade licitatória de buscar o desenvolvimento nacional sustentável.
Um não a Vidas Secas: o reconhecimento da água como direito humano fundamental e suas implicações como bem econômico envasado
Authors: Freire Davies Lorenice
Published: February 2015

O presente artigo pretende demonstrar o instituto da água, no viés de direito fundamental, considerado seu valor econômico. Somando-se a esse, que a preservação da água como garantia da sobrevivência das futuras gerações já é uma questão de abordagem mundial. Pois, apesar da  água, bem natural, ser dotada de valor econômico, não se configura mercadoria, apesar da  divergência doutrinária entre os termos água e recursos hídricos. Nesse viés, reconhecer a água como  direito fundamental, consiste em atribuir ao Estado o dever de garantir um mínimo essencial à  sadia qualidade de vida das presentes e futuras gerações, concretizado pelo fornecimento de  água, respeitados os padrões de potabilidade, a gestão hídrica, a tutela administrativa e  judicial das águas e a conscientização da importância da atuação conjunta entre poder público  e sociedade. Desse modo, através do método dedutivo de abordagem e da pesquisa bibliográfica, por meio da matriz sistêmica-complexa, pretende-se analisar especificamente a problemática da tutela da água na modernidade. Destaca-se, a fim de preservar a manutenção da vida no planeta, a necessidade de efetivarse a normativa acerca do tema, não como mera expressão, mas como concretude edificadora,como  um novo paradigma que contemple a vida e bem estar de toda a coletividade.
Outra perspectiva para compreender “serviço” no ISS: levando a sério a liberdade e mercado em uma democracia
Authors: Sampaio Siqueira Natércia , Lima Pinheiro Mascarenhas Silva Ana Claudia
Published: February 2015

Este artigo questiona a compreensão que se tem atribuído ao termo serviço, que compõe a hipótese de incidência tributária do ISS. Primeiramente, trata-se da prática jurídica brasileira que se seguiu à Constituição Federal de 1988, caracterizada pelo ativismo judicial com fundamento no normativismo constitucional, oponível ao debate político democrático. Em seguida, afirma-se que a compreensão do serviço como fazer implica uma perspectiva semântica do direito, que se opõe a uma sua concepção como interpretação construtiva, a partir de um todo constitucional. Posteriormente, assinala-se que uma adequada interpretação que parta da coerência principiológica deve considerar a justa concorrência, a neutralidade tributária e a isonomia, que são imprescindíveis ao mercado. Ao final, conclui-se que o entendimento de serviço, para delimitar o campo de incidência do ISS, não se limita a um fazer. Antes, alcança todas as atividades que não tenham por objeto bens.
Transporte público e desenvolvimento urbano: aspectos jurídicos da Política Nacional de Mobilidade
Authors: Marrara Thiago
Published: February 2015

O presente artigo relaciona o problema dos transportes e da mobilidade urbana com o desenvolvimento. A partir disso, aponta o conceito de mobilidade e debate três fatores responsáveis por sua queda nas cidades brasileiras. Trata então de normas trazidas pela Lei de Mobilidade Urbana e discute, especificamente, alguns aspectos do regime jurídico do transporte público coletivo e o transporte individual de interesse público.
Desafios jurídicos das Parcerias Público-Privadas (PPPs) e desenvolvimento nacional sustentável
Authors: Nohara Irene Patrícia
Published: February 2015

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as vantagens e as pseudo-vantagens do sistema de parceria público-privada. Inicialmente, será contextualizado o cenário de introdução das Parcerias Público-Privadas no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Depois, haverá a delimitação de vantagens e de pseudo-vantagens, isto é, de pretensas vantagens que, no fundo, não são tão transformadoras assim em relação ao modelo das concessões comuns. Intenta-se também apreciar os limites jurídicos estabelecidos pelo legislador para que as parcerias públicoprivadas mantenham o equilíbrio atuarial do orçamento público.
Color Reproduction for Digital Cameras
Authors: Kriss Michael
Published: March 2015

Digital still cameras, DSCs, now provide the overwhelming source of images from consumers, commercial enterprises, graphic arts, movies, scientific imaging, and medical imaging. The mobile or smart phone cameras are starting to dominate the lower end market. In any case, the vast majority of digital cameras need to produce a color image. This chapter will provide a basic understanding of the CIE (International Commission on Illumination) color system and how it is applied to digital color images. The sometimes complex relationship between the basic optics, the color filter array, CFA, the CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) or CCD (charge‐coupled device) sensor, the quantum efficiency, QE, of the sensor and a range of image processing techniques to provide a range of color renderings will be discussed in detail with many examples.
Multispectral Imaging
Authors: Miyake Yoichi , Bochko Vladimir A.
Published: March 2015

Multispectral imaging is one of the hottest topics in the field of color science and technology. The XYZ, RGB, and CMY values based on the additive or subtractive color mixture have been used for recording and display of imaging systems for a long time. Those values, however, depend on the spectral characteristics of imaging devices and the spectral power distribution of the illumination. Therefore, it is required to record and reproduce the reflectance spectra of an object for true device‐independent color reproduction and the accurate recording and display of the scene. In this chapter, the fundamentals and theory of multispectral imaging for highly accurate color recording and reproduction of the object are described. Some applications of multispectral imaging are also considered for digital archives and medical imaging.
Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCOS)
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Huan
Published: March 2015

LCOS stands for the devices in which liquid crystal is used as the material for light modulation, and the electronics for controlling the switch of liquid crystal is made on silicon substrate as integrated circuit, mostly implemented as complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) backplane. It is a kind of electrically addressed spatially light modulator (EASLM) and, in most of its applications, serves as the source of image content. This chapter starts from the basic structure of LCOS device, followed by the overview and working concept of its application system to image display based on the classification on different ways of light modulation (amplitude and phase modulations) and different styles of image presentation and viewing (projection and direct view).
Introduction to Organic Light‐Emitting Diode (OLED)
Authors: Liu Jun , Chen Chin‐Ti , Chen Chin H.
Published: March 2015

Tremendous progress has been made in the development of organic light‐emitting diode OLED science and technology. Active matrix OLED with its superb overall display image quality, response time, viewing angle, contrast ratio, power efficiency, lightweight, and thin and flexible form factor is positioned to become a viable and successful commercial technology and one of the next mainstream displays in the marketplace. In addition, differing from LED, white OLED lighting has many advantages in that it is an area/surface, thin/lightweight luminaire capable of delivering uniform, warm (almost sun‐like) illumination without noise/glare nor much heat dissipation problem. But, most of all, future OLED lighting can also be transparent and flexible – a feature that is unrivaled by any other competing solid‐state lighting technology.

This chapter attempts to provide the reader with as complete a story as possible covering the past, present, and future trends of technology and product development of OLED. It is organized into six sections that include (i) introduction; (ii) OLED basics; (iii) materials; (iv) devices; (v) applications; (vi) summary and Outlook, in addition to an extensive list of relevant references in the end for further information and study.
Field Emission Displays (FEDs) and Surface‐Conduction Electron‐Emitter Displays (SEDs)
Authors: Cole Matthew T. , Nakamoto Masayuki , Milne William I.
Published: March 2015

An electron emission display is a flat panel analog of the traditional cathode ray tube. Electron emission displays consist of densex–ymatrices of sharp submicrometer tips that liberate electrons at room temperature when exposed to high electric fields. Each tip has a corresponding red, green, or blue phosphor adjacent to it, and it is this that forms the pixels and consequent image. Electron emission displays combine the deep‐black and high dynamic range of thermionic emission cathode ray tubes with the packaging, operation, and fabrication benefits of flat panel display technologies. This chapter provides a review of the research and commercial activities carried out in the field of electron emission displays, with particular reference to field emission displays, over the past 50 or so years while also describing the relatively recent work on surface‐conduction electron‐emitter displays, which exploit the performance enhancements of the more common vertical field emitter and combine them with facile planar fabrication.
Basics of Tone Reproduction
Authors: Gooran Sasan , Yang Li
Published: March 2015

Without any doubt, print has been one of the most important technological inventions for delivering information in the last few centuries. Books, magazines, news papers, and so on have been printed for different purposes such as distributing knowledge and news and commercializing products. Appropriate reproduction of color and shade tones in an image has always been the core of the printing technology because the printing devices are restricted to a few color inks, whereas the original image may consist of millions of colors and shades. In this chapter, the basics of the tone reproduction are explored. Fundamental concepts and technologies such as screen frequency, print resolution, screen angle and Moiré pattern, and dot gain are described and illustrated. The relationship between the visual acuity of human visual system and the screen resolution is discussed, explaining why a continuous tone can be represented by halftone dots. Dot gain is briefly described and illustrated in this chapter. Finally, color reproduction and different forms of color halftoning are discussed.
Base Models for Color Halftone Reproduction
Authors: Hersch Roger D. , Hébert Mathieu
Published: March 2015

One of the main challenges for the characterization of printing systems consists, for a given substrate, in establishing the relationship between surface coverages of the selected set of inks and the spectral reflectances of the printed ink halftones. Knowledge of the spectral reflectances of print halftones enables deducing their colors. Models enabling the prediction of spectral reflectances as a function of surface coverages of the inks are helpful in characterizing printers and in creating printer profiles. The presented base models for color halftone reproduction are either surface models such as the Yule–Nielsen‐modified spectral Neugebauer model or physically inspired models accounting for the interaction of light, inks, and substrate such as the Clapper–Yule model. As a complement to reflectance prediction models, we introduce ink spreading models that account for the interaction between superposed ink halftones and the substrate. They help understanding and modeling the dot gain phenomena present in most printing systems. Finally, we compare the prediction accuracies of the different models for different printing technologies, paper types, and screen frequencies.
Physical Content Distribution Versus Delivery from the Cloud
Authors: Coughlin Thomas M.
Published: March 2015

This article explores the characteristics and trends of the major storage devices used in consumer electronics as well as content delivery (see Compression and Storage File Formats). It then explores digital content trends in terms of both storage capacity and bandwidth as a function of resolution and depth (such as stereoscopic content or artificial reality). These trends include the influence and potential uses of user‐generated content (UGC) as well as the interaction of commercial content and UGC and the impact that this has on content delivery solutions. The future of physical content delivery in terms of distribution media type is explored (see Blue‐Ray versus Internet Movies). Finally, projections of the overall use of physical distribution media versus electronic distribution media as a function of resolution and image depth as well as evolving consumer expectations of products and services are discussed.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition Initiated by Zinc Oxide Semiconductor Nanoparticles
Authors: Yetiskin Ozde , Dadashi‐Silab Sajjad , Khan Sher Bahadar , Asiri Abdullah Mohamed , Yagci Yusuf
Published: March 2015

A visible‐light‐induced protocol for copper(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition is reported. With the aid of semiconductor zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) as a heterogeneous photocatalyst, a copper(I) catalyst is formed. A variety of azide and alkyne components have been examined and the system tolerates different substrates in the click reaction well.
Direct Catalytic Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Ketone Aldol Reactions of Isocyanoacetates
Authors: de la Campa Raquel , Ortín Irene , Dixon Darren J.
Published: March 2015

A catalytic asymmetric aldol addition/cyclization reaction of unactivated ketones with isocyanoacetate pronucleophiles has been developed. A quinine‐derived aminophosphine precatalyst and silver oxide were found to be an effective binary catalyst system and promoted the reaction to afford chiral oxazolines possessing a fully substituted stereocenter with good diastereoselectivities and excellent enantioselectivities.
Biology‐Oriented Synthesis of a Withanolide‐Inspired Compound Collection Reveals Novel Modulators of Hedgehog Signaling
Authors: Švenda Jakub , Sheremet Michael , Kremer Lea , Maier Lukáš , Bauer Jonathan O. , Strohmann Carsten , Ziegler Slava , Kumar Kamal , Waldmann Herbert
Published: March 2015

Biology‐oriented synthesis employs the structural information encoded in complex natural products to guide the synthesis of compound collections enriched in bioactivity. The trans‐hydrindane dehydro‐δ‐lactone motif defines the characteristic scaffold of the steroid‐like withanolides, a plant‐derived natural product class with a diverse pattern of bioactivity. A withanolide‐inspired compound collection was synthesized by making use of three key intermediates that contain this characteristic framework derivatized with different reactive functional groups. Biological evaluation of the compound collection in cell‐based assays that monitored biological signal‐transduction processes revealed a novel class of Hedgehog signaling inhibitors that target the protein Smoothened.
FeII Spin‐Crossover Phenomenon in the Pentadecanuclear {Fe9[Re(CN)8]6} Spherical Cluster
Authors: Chorazy Szymon , Podgajny Robert , Nakabayashi Koji , Stanek Jan , Rams Michał , Sieklucka Barbara , Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi
Published: March 2015

The self‐assembly of iron(II) ions with rare octacyanidorhenate(V) metalloligands in a methanolic solution results in the formation of a nanometric pentadecanuclear {FeII9[ReV(CN)8]6(MeOH)24}⋅10 MeOH (1) molecule with a six‐capped body‐centered cubic topology. The cluster demonstrates a thermally‐induced spin‐crossover phase transition at T1/2=195 K which occurs selectively for a single FeII ion embedded in the center of a cluster core.
Separation of p‐Divinylbenzene by Selective Room‐Temperature Adsorption Inside Mg‐CUK‐1 Prepared by Aqueous Microwave Synthesis
Authors: Saccoccia Beau , Bohnsack Alisha M. , Waggoner Nolan W. , Cho Kyung Ho , Lee Ji Sun , Hong Do‐Young , Lynch Vincent M. , Chang Jong‐San , Humphrey Simon M.
Published: March 2015

A new MgII‐based version of the porous coordination polymer CUK‐1 with one‐dimensional pore structure was prepared by microwave synthesis in water. Mg‐CUK‐1 is moisture‐stable, thermally stable up to 500 °C, and shows unusual reversible soft‐crystal behavior: dehydrated single crystals of the material selectively adsorb a range of organic molecules at ambient temperature and pressure. Both polar and apolar aromatic compounds, including pyridine, benzene, p‐xylene, and p‐divinylbenzene (p‐DVB), are all readily adsorbed, while other isomers from complex mixtures of xylenes or DVBs are selectively excluded. The solvent‐loaded structures have been studied by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Time‐dependent liquid sorption experiments using commercially available DVB demonstrate a high and rapid selective adsorption of p‐DVB and exclusion of m‐DVB and ethylvinylbenzene isomers.
Alternating Copolymerization by Nitroxide‐Mediated Polymerization and Subsequent Orthogonal Functionalization
Authors: Tesch Matthias , Hepperle Johannes A. M. , Klaasen Henning , Letzel Matthias , Studer Armido
Published: March 2015

A novel method for the preparation of functionalized alternating copolymers is presented. Nitroxide‐mediated polymerization of hexafluoroisopropyl acrylate with 7‐octenyl vinyl ether provides the corresponding alternating polymer, which can be chemically modified using two orthogonal polymer‐analogous reactions. A thiol–ene click reaction followed by amidation provides dual‐functionalized alternating copolymers. The potential of this method is illustrated by the preparation of a small library (15 examples) of functionalized alternating copolymers.
CuBr/proline‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of unactivated benzene with aryl halides
Authors: Liu Wei , Hou Fanyi
Published: March 2015

Direct CH arylation of unactivated benzene with aryl halides was achieved using a readily available copper catalyst. The reaction was carried out at 80 °C, using CuBr as catalyst, proline as ligand and t‐BuOK as base. This radical cross‐coupling reaction between unactivated benzene and aryl iodides proceeds via homolytic aromatic substitution and offers an efficient method for the synthesis of various biaryls in good to excellent yields. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational fluid dynamics simulation and parametric study of coal gasification in a circulating fluidized bed reactor
Authors: Zhang Yawen , Lei Fulin , Xiao Yunhan
Published: March 2015

A computational fluid dynamics model based on the Eulerian–Eulerian multiphase framework was implemented to simulate the coal gasification processes in a circulating fluidized bed gasifier. The standard k–ε turbulence model is used for gas phase, and the solid phases are modeled with kinetic theory of granular flow. A lumped chemical reaction model was compiled based on the chemical percolation devolatilization model and the METC Gasifier Advanced Simulation gasification model. The user‐defined functions are developed to calculate rates of chemical reactions and to recirculate solids from the riser exit to the solid recycle inlet. Sensitivity analysis was performed on char–steam gasification reaction to choose an appropriate kinetic rate in this study. The calculated gas composition out of the riser was first compared with experimental data; then, the flow fields such as solid volume fraction, solid velocity, and species profiles were analyzed, indicating that the model gave reasonable predictions. Furthermore, the effects of the operating temperature, the steam/coal ratio, and the air/coal ratio on the exiting gas composition were numerically studied, and the predicted trends vs these parameters are reasonable and consistent with the findings in the literature, which shows the applicability of the Eulerian multiphase model to simulate coal gasification processes in circulating fluidized bed gasifiers. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Passive Restriction of Blood Flow and Counter‐Current Heat Exchange Via Lingual Retia in the Tongue of a Neonatal Gray Whale Eschrichtius robustus (Cetacea, Mysticeti)
Authors: Ekdale Eric G. , Kienle Sarah S.
Published: March 2015

Retia mirabilia play broad roles in cetacean physiology, including thermoregulation during feeding and pressure regulations during diving. Vascular bundles of lingual retia are described within the base of the tongue of a neonatal female gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus). Each rete consists of a central artery surrounded by four to six smaller veins. The retia and constituent vessels decrease in diameter as they extend anteriorly within the hyoglossus muscle from a position anterior to the basihyal cartilage toward the apex of the tongue. The position of the retia embedded in the hyoglossus and the anterior constriction of the vessels differs from reports of similar vascular bundles that were previously identified in gray whales. The retia likely serve as a counter‐current heat exchange system to control body temperature during feeding. Cold blood flowing toward the body center within the periarterial veins would accept heat from warm blood in the central artery flowing toward the anterior end of the tongue. Although thermoregulatory systems have been identified within the mouths of a few mysticete species, the distribution of such vascular structures likely is more widespread among baleen whales than has previously been described. Anat Rec, 298:675–679, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultrathin pH‐Sensitive Nanoporous Membranes for Superfast Size‐Selective Separation
Authors: Zhang Qiu Gen , Deng Chao , Liu Rong Rong , Lin Zhen , Li Hong Mei , Zhu Ai Mei , Liu Qing Lin
Published: March 2015

Stimuli‐responsive nanoporous membranes have attracted increasing interest in various fields due to their abrupt changes of permeation/separation in response to the external environment. Here we report ultrathin pH‐sensitive nanoporous membranes that are easily fabricated by the self‐assembly of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) in a metal hydroxide nanostrand solution. PAA‐adsorbed nanostrands (2.5–5.0 nm) and PAA‐CuII nanogels (2.0–2.5 nm) grow competitively during self‐assembly. The PAA‐adsorbed nanostrands are deposited on a porous support to fabricate ultrathin PAA membranes. The membranes display ultrafast water permeation and good rejection as well as significant pH‐sensitivity. The 28 nm‐thick membrane has a water flux decrease from 3740 to 1350 L m−1 h−1 bar−1 (pH 2.0 to 7.0) with a sharp decrease at pH 5.0. This newly developed pH‐sensitive nanoporous membranes may find a wide range of applications such as controlled release and size‐ and charge‐selective separation.
DNA/HSA interaction and nuclease activity of an iron(III) amphiphilic sulfonated corrole
Authors: Zhang Yang , Wen Jin‐Yan , Mahmood Mian HR , Wang Xiang‐Li , Lv Biao‐Biao , Ying Xiao , Wang Hui , Ji Liang‐Nian , Liu Hai‐Yang
Published: March 2015

The DNA binding of amphiphilic iron(III) 2,17‐bis(sulfonato)‐5,10,15‐tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole complex (Fe–SC) was studied using spectroscopic methods and viscosity measurements. Its nuclease‐like activity was examined by using pBR322 DNA as a target. The interaction of Fe–SC with human serum albumin (HSA) in vitro was also examined using multispectroscopic techniques. Experimental results revealed that Fe–SC binds to ct‐DNA via an outside binding mode with a binding constant of 1.25 × 104 M–1. This iron corrole also displays good activity during oxidative DNA cleavage by hydrogen peroxide or tert‐butyl hydroperoxide oxidants, and high‐valent (oxo)iron(V,VI) corrole intermediates may play an important role in DNA cleavage. Fe–SC exhibits much stronger binding affinity to site II than site I of HSA, indicating a selective binding tendency to HSA site II. The HSA conformational change induced by Fe–SC was confirmed by UV/Vis and CD spectroscopy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis by laccase‐derived compounds from phenols
Authors: Oliva‐Taravilla Alfredo , Tomás‐Pejó Elia , Demuez Marie , González‐Fernández Cristina , Ballesteros Mercedes
Published: March 2015

The presence of inhibitors compounds after pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials affects the saccharification and fermentation steps in bioethanol production processes. Even though, external addition of laccases selectively removes the phenolic compounds from lignocellulosic prehydrolysates, when it is coupled to saccharification step, lower hydrolysis yields are attained. Vanillin, syringaldehyde and ferulic acid are phenolic compounds commonly found in wheat‐straw prehydrolysate after steam‐explosion pretreatment. These three phenolic compounds were used in this study to elucidate the inhibitory mechanisms of laccase‐derived compounds after laccase treatment. Reaction products derived from laccase oxidation of vanillin and syringaldehyde showed to be the strongest inhibitors. The presence of these products causes a decrement on enzymatic hydrolysis yield of a model cellulosic substrate (Sigmacell) of 46.6 and 32.6%, respectively at 24 h. Moreover, a decrease in more than 50% of cellulase and β‐glucosidase activities was observed in presence of laccase and vanillin. This effect was attributed to coupling reactions between phenoxyl radicals and enzymes. On the other hand, when the hydrolysis of Sigmacell was performed in presence of prehydrolysate from steam‐exploded wheat straw a significant inhibition on enzymatic hydrolysis was observed independently of laccase treatment. This result pointed out that the other components of wheat‐straw prehydrolysate are affecting the enzymatic hydrolysis to a higher extent than the possible laccase‐derived products. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 31:700–706, 2015
Purification, characterization, and biological activities of broccolini lectin
Authors: Xu Pingping , Zhang Ting , Guo Xiaolei , Ma Chungwah , Zhang Xuewu
Published: March 2015

Plant lectins have displayed a variety of biological activities. In this study, for the first time, a 27 kDa arabinose‐ and mannose‐specific lectin from Broccolini (Brassica oleracea Italica × Alboglabra), named as BL (Broccolini lectin), was purified by an activity‐driven protocol. Mass spectrometry analysis and database search indicated that no matches with any plant lectin were found, but BL contained some peptide fragments (QQQGQQGQQLQQVISR, QQGQQQGQQGQQLQQVISR and VCNIPQVSVCPF QK). BL exhibited hemagglutinating activity against chicken erythrocytes at 4 µg/mL. BL retained full hemagglutinating activity at pH 7–8 and temperature 30–40°C, and had an optimal activity in Ca2+ solution. Bioactivity assay revealed that BL exhibited dose‐dependent inhibition activity on 5 bacterial species with IC50 values of 143.95–486.33 μg/mL, and on 3 cancer cells with IC50 values of 178.82–350.93 μg/mL. Notably, 5‐fold reduction in IC50 values was observed on normal L‐O2 vs cancerous HepG‐2 cells (924.35 vs. 178.82 μg/mL). This suggests that BL should be promising in food and medicine. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 31:736–743, 2015
Educational material development model for teaching computer network and system management
Authors: Yalcin Nursel , Altun Yalcin , Kose Utku
Published: March 2015

Computer network and system management education is often structured based on theoretical information and it is not considered effective and efficient due to various reasons such as inadequacy of available materials and hardware. In addition, investors are reluctant to make investments on the provision of educational materials due to relatively high cost specific to this field. However, recent developments in virtualization technologies have led to the emergence of new trends in computer network and system management education. This paper provides information about the use of virtualization technology in computer network education, the utilization of real network devices, and defines a new generation network training platform. The aim of the study is to offer a new model using virtualization technology for network‐based computer education. The topology additionally proposed here involves the use of real hardware instead of virtual ones, which distinguishes it from the similar topologies. This model is expected to guide future network and system managers to develop and use a real network and system management training platform that is far more effective than simulation programs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 23:621–629, 2015; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21636
Tuning Electron Donor–Acceptor Hybrids by Alkali Metal Complexation
Authors: Lederer Marcus , Hahn Uwe , Fernández‐Ariza Javier , Trukhina Olga , Rodríguez‐Morgade M. Salomé , Dammann Claudia , Drewello Thomas , Torres Tomás , Guldi Dirk M.
Published: March 2015

A zinc phthalocyanine endowed with four [18]‐crown‐6 moieties, ZnPcTeCr, has been prepared and self‐assembled with either pyridyl‐functionalized perylenebisimides (PDI‐Py) or fullerenes (C60‐Py) to afford a set of novel electron donor–acceptor hybrids. In the case of ZnPcTeCr, aggregation has been circumvented by the addition of potassium or rubidium ions to lead to the formation of monomers and cofacial dimers, respectively. From fluorescence titration experiments, which gave rise to mutual interactions between the electron donors and the acceptors in the excited state, the association constants of the respective ZnPcTeCr monomers and/or dimers with the corresponding electron acceptors were derived. Complementary transient‐absorption experiments not only corroborated photoinduced electron transfer from ZnPcTeCr to either PDI‐Py or C60‐Py within the electron donor–acceptor hybrids, but also the unexpected photoinduced electron transfer within ZnPcTeCr dimers. In the electron donor–acceptor hybrids, the charge‐separated‐state lifetimes were elucidated to be close to 337 ps and 3.4 ns for the two PDI‐Pys, whereas the longest lifetime for the photoactive system that contains C60‐Py was calculated to be approximately 5.1 ns.
AlIII‐Catalysed Formation of Poly(limonene)carbonate: DFT Analysis of the Origin of Stereoregularity
Authors: Peña Carrodeguas Leticia , González‐Fabra Joan , Castro‐Gómez Fernando , Bo Carles , Kleij Arjan W.
Published: March 2015

Amino‐triphenolate derived AlIII complexes combined with suitable nucleophiles have been investigated as binary catalysts for the coupling of limonene oxide and carbon dioxide to afford alternating polycarbonates. These catalysts are able to produce stereoregular, perfectly alternating trans‐polymers from cis‐limonene oxide, whereas the pure trans isomer and cis/trans mixture give rise to lower degrees of stereoregularity. The best AlIII catalyst shows the potential to mediate the conversion of both stereoisomers of limonene oxide with high conversion levels of up to 71 % under neat conditions, indicating the high degree of robustness and atom‐efficiency of this catalytic process. Computational studies have revealed unique features of the binary catalyst system, among which is the preferred nucleophilic attack on the quaternary carbon centre in the limonene oxide substrate.
Insights into the Mechanism and Catalysis of Oxime Coupling Chemistry at Physiological pH
Authors: Wang Shujiang , Gurav Deepanjali , Oommen Oommen P. , Varghese Oommen P.
Published: March 2015

The dynamic covalent‐coupling reaction involving α‐effect nucleophiles has revolutionized bioconjugation approaches, due to its ease and high efficiency. Key to its success is the discovery of aniline as a nucleophilic catalyst, which made this reaction feasible under physiological conditions. Aniline however, is not so effective for keto substrates. Here, we investigate the mechanism of aniline activation in the oxime reaction with aldehyde and keto substrates. We also present carboxylates as activating agents that can promote the oxime reaction with both aldehyde and keto substrates at physiological pH. This rate enhancement circumvents the influence of α‐effect by forming H‐bonds with the rate‐limiting intermediate, which drives the reaction to completion. The combination of aniline and carboxylates had a synergistic effect, resulting in a ∼14–31‐fold increase in reaction rate at pD 7.4 with keto substrates. The biocompatibility and efficiency of carboxylate as an activating agent is demonstrated by performing cell‐surface oxime labeling at physiological pH using acetate, which showed promising results that were comparable with aniline.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Enantioenriched Heterocycles Bearing a CCF3 Stereogenic Center
Authors: Huang Yi‐Yong , Yang Xing , Chen Zhuo , Verpoort Francis , Shibata Norio
Published: March 2015

Given the important agricultural and medicinal application of optically pure heterocycles bearing a trifluoromethyl group at the stereogenic carbon center in the heterocyclic framework, the exploration of efficient and practical synthetic strategies to such types of molecules remains highly desirable. Catalytic enantioselective synthesis has one clear advantage that it is more cost‐effective than other synthetic methods, but remains limited by challenges in achieving excellent yield and stereoselectivities with a low catalyst loading. Thus far, numerous models of organo‐ and organometal‐catalyzed asymmetric reactions have been exploited to achieve this elusive goal over the past decade. This review article describes recent progress on this research topic, and focuses on an understanding of the catalytic asymmetric protocols exemplified in the catalytic enantioselective synthesis of a wide range of complex enantioenriched trifluoromethylated heterocycles.
Scaffold Identification of a New Class of Potent and Selective BCRP Inhibitors
Authors: Marighetti Federico , Steggemann Kerstin , Karbaum Maria , Wiese Michael
Published: March 2015

We recently reported the synthesis and quantitative structure–activity relationships of a new breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) inhibitor class. In the study presented herein, we investigated the possibility to better define the scaffold of this compound class by removing or modifying the aromatic ring A with various substituents selected on the basis of their electronic and lipophilic properties. The results show that this aromatic ring is important, but not essential, for activity. Many of the selected substituents led to compounds with low activity, but in some cases activity was retained. Among these, a phenolic hydroxy group proved to impart as much potency to the molecule as a hydroxyethyl side chain, initially considered necessary for activity. This derivative is one of the most active compounds in this class, maintaining an inhibitory activity similar to that of the reference compound; it is also selective for BCRP.