bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS MAKNA TATO SEBAGAI MEDIA EKSPRESI DIRI
Authors: AMANDA RESTY , NARTI SRI , RISDIYANTO BAYU
Published: October 2020

The rise of the use of tattoos at this time is proof that the elements of cultural order and people’spattern of thought have changed especially in Bengkulu city. Tattoos ware once a sign of crime, but nows tattoos have become commonplace and even today tattoos have become a medium of art of self-expression that carries meanings of one's life journey. This study aims to determine self-expression and the meaning of tattoos as a medium of selfexpression in the tattoo userscommunity users in Bengkulu city. This research uses Charles Sanders Peirce theory and method of data analysis techniques (triangel meaning) which consists of signs, object (object), interpreters (interpretant). To convince the results of the analysis in this study, the authors chose several informants consisting of 5 informan namely 3 men and 2 women with different forms of tattoos. The results of this study prove that tattoos are symbolic art that can be a medium for someone to express themselves disappointed selfexpression, love, self-identity and others. Referring to the sign consists of qualisign that we can see in the tattoo of a rose-headed skull, the sinsignnamely tattoo scissors and a sewing machine and legisianis skull-headed pineapple tattoo. The second is an object consists of an icon that is the faces tattoo of the queens such as Queen DwiSiren, Queen Isabella I, then index the arrow tattoos and the tattoos of the faces of the two boys. Symbol is the queen’s face figure tattoo and Doraemon and Tinkerbell cartoon characters. The third interpretant consists of rhemes, namely rose tattoos and then signedare tattoo scissors and sewing machines and the last argument is all the reasons why the informant made the tattoo. Tattoos on a person's body have meanings such as meaning of the expressions of love for two boys, a birthday presents for the wife, a form of affection for the mother, disappointed the be born in the midst of a broken home family, hope of having a life like a queen and others.

Keywords: tattoos, self-expression media, semiotic
The Future of Taboos in Indigenous Ghanaian Morality
Authors: Macaulay Ron
Published: October 2020

The problem that prompts this study is how cherished taboos that sustain communal life and instill morality in indigenous Ghanaian society are eroding fast before ‘our very eyes.’ This leads to the quest for some of the taboos, their places and the future in modern Ghanaian morality. To achieve this goal, the study blends ethical and theological methods as it adopts a qualitative technique in the analysis. It has been observed that taboos are assessed and therefore considered as irrational and superstitious ideas and sometimes retarding societal progress. Typical examples are to forbid working on a piece of land on a week-day which is seen to be retarding economic growth. Also, sex taboo rules that forbid sex in the bush, especially, on farmland and the bare floor are seen as primitive ideas. Parents are also afraid to advice their children to avoid marrying from families stigmatised by laziness, stealing, and cruelty. This study however recommends that taboos that are similar to Christian moral values such as marriage which is a sacred and social affair be encouraged. Furthermore, holistic moral conservation policies need to be implemented to enhance Ghanaian taboos as those that are evil are metamorphosed into acceptable forms of morality. This can only be achieved through intensive and effective teaching and learning. Finally, if moral education can be enforced at social gatherings, it will go a long way to inculcate or instill morality which could help generations unborn. This article fills the gap between taboo rules in indigenous Ghanaian morality and ethical principles in the Christian faith.

Keywords: Taboos, morality, modernisation, acculturation.
The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Constraining the Molecular Content at log(M*/M⊙) ∼ 9.5 with CO Stacking of MUSE-detected z ∼ 1.5 Galaxies
Authors: Inami Hanae , Decarli Roberto , Walter Fabian , Weiss Axel , Carilli Chris , Aravena Manuel , Boogaard Leindert , Gonzaĺez-López Jorge , Popping Gergö , da Cunha Elisabete , Bacon Roland , Bauer Franz , Contini Thierry , Cortes Paulo C. , Cox Pierre , Daddi Emanuele , Díaz-Santos Tanio , Kaasinen Melanie , Riechers Dominik A. , Wagg Jeff , van der Werf Paul , Wisotzki Lutz
Published: October 2020

We report molecular gas mass estimates obtained from a stacking analysis of CO line emission in the ALMA Spectroscopic Survey (ASPECS) using the spectroscopic redshifts from the optical integral field spectroscopic survey by the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF). Stacking was performed on subsets of the sample of galaxies classified by their stellar mass and position relative to the main-sequence relation (on, above, below). Among all the CO emission lines, from CO(2–1) to CO(6–5), with redshifts accessible via the ASPECS Band 3 and the MUSE data, CO(2–1) provides the strongest constraints on the molecular gas content. We detect CO(2–1) emission in galaxies down to stellar masses of

. Below this stellar mass, we present a new constraint on the molecular gas content of

main-sequence galaxies by stacking based on the MUSE detections. We find that the molecular gas mass of main-sequence galaxies continuously decreases with stellar mass down to

. Assuming a metallicity-based CO–to–H
2 conversion factor, the molecular gas-to-stellar mass ratio from

to ∼10.0 does not seem to decrease as fast as for

, which is in line with simulations and studies at lower redshift. The inferred molecular gas density

of MUSE-selected galaxies at

is comparable with the one derived in the HUDF with a different CO selection. Using the MUSE data we recover most of the CO emission in our deep ALMA observations through stacking, demonstrating the synergy between volumetric surveys obtained at different wave bands.
Retrieving Internal Kinematics of Galaxies with Deep Learning Using Single-band Optical Images
Authors: Hansen Sakina , Conselice Christopher J. , Fraser-McKelvie Amelia , Ferreira Leonardo
Published: October 2020

Using deep machine learning we show that the internal velocities of galaxies can be retrieved from optical images trained using 4596 systems observed with the SDSS-MaNGA survey. Using only i-band images we show that the velocity dispersions and the rotational velocities of galaxies can be measured to an accuracy of 29 km s−1 and 69 km s−1 respectively, close to the resolution limit of the spectroscopic data. This shows that galaxy structures in the optical holds important information concerning the internal properties of galaxies, and that the internal kinematics of galaxies are quantitatively reflected in their stellar light distributions.
DNA-barcoding and a new data about the karyotype of Myotis petax (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) in the Russian Far East
Authors: Gorobeyko Uliana V. , Kartavtseva Irina V. , Sheremetyeva Irina N. , Kazakov Denis V. , Guskov Valentin Yu.
Published: October 2020

The DNA-barcoding and chromosomal study of the eastern water bat, Myotis petax Hollister, 1912, from the earlier unexplored localities in the Russian Far East are carried out. The COI barcoding obtained for 18 from a total of 19 individuals captured in five localities in the Russian Far East showed the low nucleotide variability with the prevalence of the central, the most abundant haplotype. The chromosomal characteristics of eight M. petax specimens (2n = 44, NFa = 52) in the Russian Far East are clarified. The number and localization of NOR in karyotype of M. petax is described at the first time and differ from distributional patterns of NOR in the sibling species M. daubentonii Kuhl, 1819 that can be used as diagnostic feature. The considerable intraspecific variability in the distribution of heterochromatin material revealed is not typical of the genus Myotis, but it has been found in other species of the family Vespertilionidae.
Juan de Cabriada y el movimiento novator de finales del siglo XVII. Reconsideración después de 30 años
Authors: Lópéz Piñero José M.ª
Published: October 2020

Hace treinta años, el autor del presente artículo publicó el primer estudio sobre Juan de Cabriada, en el que se ponía ya de relieve que su Carta filosófica, medico-chymica (1687) fue el manifiesto del movimiento novator que introdujo en España la medicina moderna y los saberes biológicos y químicos relacionados con ella. El artículo intenta ofrecer un análisis en tomo al tema basado en la información reunida a lo largo de tres décadas, incluyendo materiales inéditos junto a los publicados en estudios propios y ajenos.
Las relaciones intelectuales entre médicos judíos y cristianos: La traducción hebrea de las Medicationis Parabole de Arnau de Vilanova, por Abraham Abigdor (ca. 1384)
Authors: García Ballester Luis , Feliu Eduard
Published: October 2020

Los historiadores de la medicina apenas han tenido en cuenta el estudio de las relaciones intelectuales entre los médicos pertenecientes a los tres grupos religiosos (cristianos, judíos, musulmanes), que durante los siglos bajomedievales convivieron en el sur de la Europa cristiana occidental. Nos referimos a los médicos que hicieron de la medicina, no sólo una práctica más o menos empírica, sino que la consideraron, además, una actividad fundada en la filosofía natural. Una de las vías utilizadas para dicha relación, fue la de las traducciones (latín-hebreo, o con el intermedio de una lengua romance) de obras médicas escritas por médicos universitarios cristianos. El presente artículo aborda dicho problema a través del estudio del caso concreto de la actividad traductora del médico racionalista judío Abraham Abigdor {ca. 1351-1402), concretamente de su traducción (latín-hebreo) de las Medicationis parabole de Arnau de Vilanova, realizada en los años ochenta del siglo XIV en el sur de la actual Francia.
Claustros de la Facultad de Medicina de Valencia entre 1683 y 1707
Authors: Marzal Rodríguez Pascual
Published: October 2020

La Universidad de Valencia de época forai ha carecido de la riqueza documental que las universidades castellanas ofrecen al investigador. Entre estos materiales son esenciales las actas claustrales con las cuales se puede ofrecer una visión más dinámica del fenómeno universitario y comprender mejor la vida académica. Hasta la actualidad sólo conocíamos los acuerdos adoptados por el «Claustro Mayor» de la universidad valenciana y únicamente se tenían noticias indirectas de otros claustros celebrados por la Facultad de Medicina y por los catedráticos de las distintas facultades. Con el presente artículo se demuestra su existencia y se aportan las actas de los claustros de medicina celebrados durante los años anteriores a la derogación de Fueros.
Aspectos geohistóricos en los años de la guerra de emancipación en Venezuela
Authors: Yepes Colmenares Germán
Published: October 2020

La guerra de Independencia o Emancipación que se lleva a cabo en Venezuela entre la segunda y la tercera décadas del siglo XIX, produce profundos y marcados cambios en el paisaje de una tercera parte del territorio. Los efectos se hacen sentir sobre la composición demográfica del espacio donde se encuentra la Capitanía General de Venezuela, conformada por regiones y microrregiones que han venido conformándose desde el proceso inicial de poblamiento europeo y la colonia, respondiendo esta estructuración espacial a elementos físicos, culturales, económicos y ambientales que trascienden la división administrativa del territorio. Sobre una parte importante de Venezuela se ejecutan las acciones bélicas de los dos grupos que se disputan la posibilidad de preservar o acceder al dominio del espacio de la Capitanía General. La lucha sobre estos espacios adquirirá en algunos momentos dimensiones agudas y crueles en la medida en que la confrontación por controlar los territorios más importantes desde la perspectiva militar, política y económica se haga más intensa. Los efectos de deterioro del paisaje ocasionados por la guerra se acentuarán con la presencia de calamidades naturales y enfermedades epidémicas que agobian algunas regiones de Venezuela.
Adolphe Gubler y el Journal de Thérapeutique (1874-1883)
Authors: Fresquet Febrer José L.
Published: October 2020

El presente trabajo pretende ser un acercamiento a una de las revistas francesas de terapéutica que ejercieron mayor influencia en la medicina española del siglo XIX: el Journal de Thérapeutique. A pesar de que tuvo una pervivencia relativamente corta, desde 1874 a 1883, se publicó durante una de las etapas más importantes de la historia de la terapéutica y farmacología europeas, que se caracterizó ·por acercar a la realidad clínica los nuevos y revolucionarios avances de la farmacología experimental que había iniciado François Magendie con gran éxito. El alma de la publicación fue Adolphe Gubler, que influyó mucho sobre los principales cultivadores del arte de curar españoles del último cuarto del siglo XIX. En el trabajo se aborda en primer lugar las bases que dirigieron el pensamiento de Gubler y que pueden aplicarse asimismo a lo que constituyó la línea editorial de la revista, se pasa después a una descripción de los aspectos formales de la misma y de su sección principal dedicada a los trabajos originales, y se ofrece en último lugar un repertorio de los mismos, así como un índice temático.
Sanidad e Instituciones Hospitalarias en las Antillas (1492-1550)
Authors: Mira Caballos Esteban
Published: October 2020

En él presente artículo se indaga sobre la medicina en las Antillas a lo largo de los primeros años de la colonización de América, analizando la íntima relación que vivieron médicos y curanderos en estas islas caribeñas. Asimismo se aportan datos concretos referidos a la institución del protomedicato, que se estableció en la isla Española y en Cuba. También se tratan cuestiones generales sobre los hospitales antillanos, tales como su financiación y su carácter filantrópico, y la fundación de los principales sanatorios de las islas.
Mapeo de redes de fracturas mediante imágenes Landsat-8 OLI en la zona minera de Jbel Tijekht en el Anti-Atlas oriental de Marruecos
Authors: Saidi Omar , Mhamdi Hicham Si , Essalhi Abdelhafid , Toummite Abdeslam
Published: October 2020

El Jbel Tijekht es una de las estructuras geológicas más importantes de la cordillera de Ougnat-Ouzina en el Anti-Atlas Oriental. Este macizo en forma de media luna fue afectado por una red de fracturas que es visible a diferentes escalas. Es particularmente rico en vetas mineralizadas de barita y está asociado con otros minerales (por ejemplo, pirita, calcopirita, esfalerita y galena).
Para estudiar los sistemas de fracturas en la zona minera de Jbel Tijekht, optamos por una combinación de teledetección e investigación de campo que se convirtió en una importante herramienta para la cartografía de las fracturas y la exploración de minerales. Este trabajo presenta un enfoque metodológico para detectar los lineamientos estructurales. Para ello, se aplicaron diversas técnicas a la imagen del Landsat 8 para mejorar la visibilidad de las estructuras lineales. Tras correcciones radiométricas y atmosféricas, los colores compuestos y los filtros direccionales aplicados al componente principal (PC1) se pudo establecer un mapa de lineamientos para Jbel Tijekht. La validación y corrección de estos lineamientos se basan en documentos preexistentes combinados con observaciones de campo.
El análisis estadístico del mapa de lineamientos permite la identificación de al menos tres sistemas de fractura direccional con orientaciones promedio NS, NE-SW y ENE-WSW. Los sistemas NS y NE-SW muestran una alta densidad en la mayor parte del área de estudio. Estos resultados claramente se superponen a diferentes estructuras tectónicas y a las vetas existentes. Esto permitió establecer un vínculo geológico entre la litología, los sistemas de fracturas y la mineralización. La densidad de fracturas puede atribuirse a las últimas fases de fragilidad del orógeno varisco, lo que refleja la reología de las unidades de roca; la alta densidad de fractura se observa en las rocas competentes como las areniscas de Tabanit. Estas zonas constituyen un área favorable para los depósitos de mineralización.
Doublets in Legal Discourse: Data-Driven Insights for Enhancing the Phraseological Competence of EFL Law Students
Authors: Altohami Waheed Mohammed
Published: October 2020

This paper explores legal doublets in the Corpus of US Supreme Court Opinions in order to identify the key linguistic features which govern their use. Based on the framework of data-driven learning approach (DDL), it assumes that getting EFL law students to use online available, user-friendly online corpus tools would help to enhance their phraseological competence. The data set (total frequency = 25.388 doublets) was restricted to doublets coordinated by 'and' as they proved to be highly frequent and linguistically variant. The paper has reached three findings. First, these doublets tend to follow one of six grammatical patterns: verb/verb, noun/noun, adjective/adjective, preposition/preposition, determiner/determiners, and conjunction/conjunction. Second, legal writings tend to put certain morphosyntactic constraints on the use of doublets. Finally, a full-fledged analysis of the phraseological profile of these doublets includes the identification of their grammatical patterns, their various lemmas, the nuances of meaning between their component lexemes, and the remarkable collocates used with them.
Building Empathy: Exploring Digital Native Characteristic to Create Learning Instruction for Learning Computer Graphic Design
Authors: P.B. Siti Nurannisaa , Mustaji Mustaji , Bachri Bachtiar S. , Patricia Florens Debora
Published: October 2020

Technology leading to massive changes, include the way of learning. As the digital natives, students have different ways of learning, especially in courses that use technological devices, such as computers graphic design. Exploring information by building empathy from a student's perspective, can give more authentic information and find opportunities for designing better learning instructional that more needed-based. The purpose of this study is to explore student’s characteristics, and find criteria of learning instructional that needed-based and future-orientated. This is qualitative research, using case-study through interviews, focus group discussion, and an instrument of empathy map, with qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. The study showed that students have no difficulty in accessing and using complex technology, this is in accordance with their characteristics as digital native. Students not only need to develop computer graphics capabilities technically, but also need to develop ability operating software in design practice. This is where other study skills related as designer and creating learning environment that suits for students are needed. Empathy framework bring positive impact to find new learning objectives and creating learning instruction. This finding suggests following future research on instructional learning that stimulate student’s ability that concentrate on designer's skills in their future.
Effects of Cooperative Learning with Dynamic Mathematics Software (DMS) on Learning Inversely Proportional Functions
Authors: Chan Kan Kan , Zhou Yi Cheng
Published: October 2020

The study focuses on the integration of dynamic mathematics software (DMS) and cooperative learning into the teaching and learning process of inversely proportional functions. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of integrating DMS with cooperative learning on students’ mathematics achievement using quasi-experimental research design. Students in treatment group learnt inverse proportional functions in cooperative learning groups with DMS while those in control group had typical approach of instruction. Participants are all ninth-grade students in a Macau private school. They were given an achievement test at three stages, namely as pre-test, post-test and delayed post-test. Analysis of students’ results showed that the pedagogy of cooperative learning with DMS does have significant influence on students’ mathematics achievement.
A TAM-Based Model of Technological Factors Affecting Use of E-Tourism
Authors: Alkhatib Ghazi , Bayouq Sinamis Tahsin
Published: October 2020

In tourism, ICT provides new channels anywhere/anytime for tourism services that impacted how customers access and consume those services, hence the emergence of the concept of e-tourism. Internet can be used to attract customers, communicate with them, customize their required services, access international markets, and provide all types of touristic information through e-tourism platforms. The salient feature of this research is to identify the key technological factors that influence customers' acceptance and use of the services provided through e-tourism platforms. Other behavioral aspects related to the use of these services are treated as exogenous factors. The study constructed an e-tourism technology acceptance model (ETAM) concentrating only on technology-related factors. To assist in understanding how users will reflect in these four technological factors affecting the use of e-services, the model recognizes two moderating influential factors: trust and attitude. The model is augmented with exogenous factors as intervening factors related to customer's background.
Prospects of plasmapheresis for patients with severe COVID-19
Authors: Gilmutdinova Ilmira R. , Yakovlev Maksim Yu. , Eremin Petr S. , Fesun Anatoliy D.
Published: October 2020

On February 11, 2020, the World Health Organization officially named the infection caused by the new coronavirus “Coronavirus disease 2019” (COVID-19). On February 11, 2020, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) officially named the infectious matter “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” (SARS-CoV-2). Emergence of severe complications with new coronavirus disease is due to the development of hypercytokinaemia, also known as “cytokine storm”. These complications comprise acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), respiratory failure and death. Emerging data point to the logic of using extracorporeal haemocorrection to normalise cytokine levels and reduce the severity of organ disorders. The analysis of the literature indicates that to date, a certain positive experience has been accumulated in the world in the application of extracorporeal methods in clinical practice in patients with COVID-19.
2020 Distance Meeting: Farewell to Professor David Yaffe - A pillar of the Myogenesis Field
Authors: Singer Robert H.
Published: October 2020

David Yaffe, PhD passed away on July 3, 2020 at the age of 91. His funeral and burial were held at his kibbutz in Israel, Givat Brenner. At the time of his death, he was emeritus professor of molecular cell biology at the Weizmann Institute of Science. If there is one word to describe David, it would be “pioneer”, Halutz in Hebrew. He participated in the birth of his country as a soldier during the War of Independence, contributed his efforts to expanding the kibbutz movement and the nascent scientific community in Israel. He was a major figure in creating the field of muscle cell biology by generating the immortalized cell lines that could be induced to differentiate into muscle fibers in tissue culture. This made myogenesis a prime candidate for studying cell differentiation, accessible to hundreds of scientists during the dawn of molecular cell biology. Many prominent scientists, among them students of David made their careers on studying the molecular events that occurred as the myoblast cell lines developed into the syncytial myofibers that twitched spontaneously. This opened the field to studies on muscle diseases, such as muscular dystrophy, that could then be addressed through a tractable model for molecular studies. David claimed he was never paid for his scientific activities; his salary at the Weizmann Institute went directly to the kibbutz in compensation for his time taken away from work there. He never knew what his salary was, he said, since it was negotiated between the kibbutz and the Weizmann. Even so, he had to take off weeks from his science occasionally to perform daily tasks, usually in the kibbutz dining hall washing dishes. Disconnected from the material aspects of life, David was driven solely by his love for nature and science, which he continued until the very end. David remains an inspiration to all of us. In this issue several of David Yaffe’s lab members, pupils, coauthors and colleagues meet at a “David Yaffe myogenesis distance meeting" to pay tribute with their collective reflections.
Persistent atypical atrial flutter after device closure of the atrial septal defect in a young man
Authors: Ravella Keerthika , Bhoskar Shrikant , Bachani Neeta , Lokhandwala Yash , Dalvi Bharat
Published: October 2020

Atrial flutter is uncommon in young patients with uncorrected atrial septal defect (ASD). Although rare, it has been reported in the younger population following device closure of ASD/patent foramen ovale. We describe a case of persistent atypical atrial flutter following device closure of ASD in a young man and discuss the management strategy given the various underlying dilemmas.
D.A.F. de Sade – „Boski Markiz”, czyli destruktor idei oświecenia
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polska, ul. Gołębia 24, 31-007 Kraków, Jaskólski Michał
Published: October 2020

D. A. F. DE SADE: “DIVINE MARQUIS” OR DEMOLISHER OF THE IDEAS OF ENLIGHTMENT The paper provides a brief outline of the major elements that made up the foundations for the political thought of Marquis D. A. F. de Sade. The author of the paper believes that these elements have not been sufficiently presented in the Polish historiography of political doctrines. The Marquis, being deeply anchored in the Enlightenment ideas and stylistics, was simultaneously the thinker who questioned a remarkable number of elements of these ideas. What he challenged were in particular: the previous descriptions of nature, natural state, location and status of the human being, social contract and the concept of State and law. By questioning these concepts he indirectly challenged also the major articles of the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen. His political concepts are detectable in most of his literary production and therefore the author of the paper treats what is detectable as a certain whole which perhaps is not fully consistent of morality and law, both those of ancien régime as well as those promoted by too idealistic concepts of the pre-revolutionary era. An interesting example of the originality of his way of political thinking was his attempt to present to the reader the two extremely different socio-constitutional models – that of classical Utopia and that of Anti-utopia – as included in one literary production. The essay is concluded with a brief attempt at the summarizing and assessing of the discussed concepts as viewed against our present-day reception of de Sade’s production and his location in the history of political thought.
INFLUENCE OF RISK ASSETS IMPAIRMENT ON PERFORMANCE OF NIGERIAN LISTED DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS
Authors: Adebisi Adewale Joel , Alabi Adeyemi Wasiu , Fatimehin Kolawole
Published: October 2020

Profitability is critical to the survival of Nigerian deposit money banks which is consistently been eroded by the impaired risk assets. Hence, this study was conducted to examine influence of risk assets impairment on performance of Nigerian deposit money banks. The specific objectives of the study were to; (i) determine the effect of impairment loss on operating profit; (ii) analyze effect non-performing loans ratio affect return on assets of Nigerian deposit money banks. Secondary data were collected and analysed using fixed and random effect regression analysis methods from a sample of 14 listed Nigerian deposit money banks. The study revealed that impairment loss, have significant negative relationship with operating profit (β=2.294, p‹ 0.01) and non-performing loan ratio have significant positive relationship with return on assets (β=0.067, p‹ 0.1). However, other variables such as inflation, liquidity and gross domestic product per capital also have effect on banks performance. The study concluded that risk assets impairment has significant negative influence on performance and that inflation, liquidity and gross domestic product have negative impact on profitability, while bank size has positive impact on profitability. The study recommended that; bank directors should put effective risk assets impairment test in place to boost reported profitability; the bank management should ensure effective management of liquidity ratio to boost return on equity; government policymakers should ensure that banks are mandated to disclose their risk assets impairment and expand their size by extending banking services to the unbanked areas.
Maternal microbiome during pregnancy and their impact on the canine microbiome in neonates
Authors: Zakošek Pipan Maja , Mrkun Janko
Published: October 2020

The long-standing hypothesis that the neonatal microbiome is acquired during and after birth has been challenged by recent studies in humans using advanced molecular technologies, which identified bacteria and bacterial DNA and RNA in amniotic fluid, placenta, and meconium. Similar studies have recently been conducted on canine neonates, giving a description of the gut microbiota of newborn puppies and a comparison of different types of parturition on theirdevelopment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of microbiome and microbial alterations in the canine gut, vagina and oral cavity throughout pregnancy, and their effects on the microbiome of the placenta and the meconium in neonatal puppies. We further compare the microbiome knowledge gained in the last decade on human neonates and draw parallels with canine pregnancy and the neonatal microbiome.
Povijest tuberkuloze
Authors: Cvetnić Željko
Published: October 2020

Tijekom povijesti postojale su teorije o načinu postanka i širenja tuberkuloze. Pret- postavlja se da je M. tuberculosis tijekom po- vijesti ubio više ljudi nego bilo koji drugi pato- geni mikroorganizam. Tuberkuloza je pratitelj ljudskoga roda od prapovijesti do danas. Postoje mnogi arheološki nalazi o tuberkulozi u zemalja diljem Europe stoljeća nakon pada Rimskog carstva. U srednjem vijeku je manje zapisa o tuberkulozi, što ne znači da je ona i nestala. Tijekom XVI. i XVII., stoljeća tuberku- loza je prouzročila gotovo 20 % svih smrtnih slučajeva. Smatra se da je smrtnost sredinom i krajem kasnog XVIII. i početkom XIX. stoljeća porasla, a zatim je počela opadati. Početkom XIX. stoljeća zbog industrijske revolucije i velike migracije ljudi iz ruralnih područja u gradove u potrazi za poslom pogoršavale su situaciju i pridonijele širenju tuberkuloze. Posljedice Prvog i Drugog svjetskog rata početkom i polovicom XX. stoljeća prouzročile su ponovno znatno širenje tuberkuloze. Po- lovicom XX. stoljeća otkriveni su prvi lijekovi protiv tuberkuloze, a kasnije i mnogi drugi te je nastala nova era liječenja i suzbijanja tuber- kuloze. Novi protokol liječenja tuberkuloze, zajedno s BCG-om, u zapadnom svijetu sman- jio je umiranje od tuberkuloze za gotovo 90 %. Tuberkuloza se javlja u svakom dijelu svijeta i postaje najvećim uzrokom smrtnosti odraslih osoba te se svrstava među 10 najvećih uzroka smrti u svijetu. U svijetu godišnje oboli oko 10 milijuna ljudi, više od 1,5 milijun ih umre, a oko 0,5 milijuna je otporno već na prvu liniju lijekova protiv tuberkuloze. Procjenjuje se da je jedna četvrtina (oko 2 milijarde) svjetske populacije zaražena uzročnicima tuberkuloze, a 5 do 15 % njih razboljet će se i razviti aktivnu tuberkulozu. Nova era globalnog monitor- inga tuberkuloze u okviru Programa Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije “The End of TB Strat- egy” sadrži viziju svijeta bez tuberkuloze i obuhvaća kraj epidemijske pojave tuberkuloze do 2035. godine.
A FARM MANAGEMENT STUDY OF 224 COFFEE FARMS IN PUERTO RICO, 1934
Authors: García José M.
Published: October 2020

This farm management study consisted of 224 coffee farms in Puerto Rico. The study was conducted by the Division of Agricultural Economics of the Puerto Rico Agricultural Experiment Station during 1935, and covered the calendar year 1934. The average size of the farms was 186 cuerdas, with 88.5 cuerdas in coffee. Forty-two per cent of the coffee bushes were still under bearing age. There was an average investment of $15,580 per farm. The value of land alone constituted 83.4 per cent of the investment. All of the farms studied were still in a period of reconstruction, following the effects of the 1928 and 1932 hurricanes. The average labor income on these farms was $-1,120 during 1934. Only 9 per cent of the farmers made positive labor incomes, averaging $414 per farm. Seven farmers made labor incomes of $500 or more. Labor income showed an indirect relationship with all measures of size of business, and a direct relationship with the measures of efficiency of operation. In none of the tables included in this study was a positive labor income obtained for any of the groups of farms. Farms operated by the owners themselves did not lose as much money as those operated either by the owner and a mayordomo or by salaried managers. Farms located on dirt roads made better labor incomes than those located either on highways or off the roads. Every coffee farmer in Puerto Rico should compare his farm with the averages given in table 13, and try to make his farm better than average in every point, particularly those in which it falls below the average.
NOTES ON THE CHANGA, OR WEST INDIAN MOLE CRICKET; IN PUERTO RICO IN 1935 AND 1936
Authors: Madden A. H.
Published: October 2020

Distribution of the changa is limited to the coast and to the interior river valleys of the Island. Type of soil is the chief factor limiting distribution. A wide variety of host plants are attacked, but a slight preference appears to be shown for certain plants. The main damage results from feeding, which is confined to the roots and stems of plants. The greatest damage occurs when the surface of the soil is wet. Few, if any, important natural enemies of the changa, other than birds, are native to the island, although the introduced giant toad seems to be proving a valuable aid in control. Poisoned baits afford a satisfactory means of control, and other means of chemical control may be employed.
DESCRIPTIONS OF MISCELLANEOUS CHALCIDOID PARASITES FROM PUERTO RICO. (HYMENOPTERA)
Authors: Dozier Herbert L.
Published: October 2020

During the course of recent entomological investigations in Puerto Rico advantage was taken of the opportunity to collect for study certain groups of small chalcid wasps. The present paper gives descriptions of thirteen new species from Puerto Rico, together with three additional species from other localities. Rearing records of four previously described but little known encyrtids are also given. Most of the parasites treated in this paper are either coccid-inhabiting or parasitic in the eggs of other insects. One is an important larval parasite of the Cuban laurel thrips, Gynaikothrips uzeli (Zimm.).
NEW OR LITTLE-KNOWN SPECIES OF WEST INDIAN TIPULIDAE (DIPTERA). II.
Authors: Alexander Charles P.
Published: October 2020

Resumen en inglés.
STATUS OF THE PINK BOLLWORM IN PUERTO RICO DURING 1935-36
Authors: Fife L. C.
Published: October 2020

Resumen en inglés.
ORNITHOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN VIEQUES ISLAND, PUERTO RICO, DURING DECEMBER, 1935
Authors: Danforth Stuart T.
Published: October 2020

Resumen en inglés.
NEW EUPTERYGINE LEAFHOPPERS FROM PUERTO RICO (Homoptera- Cicadellidae)
Authors: Oman P. W.
Published: October 2020

Resumen en inglés.
Título en español.
Authors: J. H. Axtmayer  , C. F. Asenjo  , D. H. Cook
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.
Título en español.
Authors: Bernardo G. Capó
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.
Título en español.
Authors: David G. Hall
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.
Título en español.
Authors: Nathan Banks
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.
Título en español.
Authors: J. Guiscafré-Arrillaga  , Luis A. Gómez
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.
A SEARCH IN THE GUIANAS AND TRINIDAD FOR PREDATORY BEETLES OF THE BAMBOO SCALES
Authors: Bartlett K. A.
Published: October 2020

Resumen en inglés.
Título en español.
Authors: Alexander Wetmore
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.
Título en español.
Authors: Stuart T. Danforth
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.
Título en español.
Authors: Kenneth A. Bartlett
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.
Título en español.
Authors: Rafael A. Toro
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.
Título en español.
Authors: Charles P. Alexander
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.
CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF GRASSES
Authors: Axtmayer Joseph H. , Rivera Hernández G. , Cook D. H.
Published: October 2020

Chemical analyses of eighty-three grasses, calculated on the wet and dry basis, are reported. Their composition is discussed from a nutritional point of view. Scientific, English and Spanish common names of the grasses are also given.
THE BEAN POD BORERS IN PUERTO RICO
Authors: Scott L. B.
Published: October 2020

Three species of pod borers, Maruca testulalis (Geyer), Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke), and Fundella cistipennis (Dyar), were found commonly in 1985-36 infesting wild and cultivated leguminous plants in all parts of Puerto Rico. E. zinckenella and M. testulalis were about equally numerous, but the latter, because it confined its attacks almost entirely to cultivated plants, was by far the most important economically of the two. F. cistipennis was the least abundant of the three species, and although it was found largely in cultivated plants, it was much less destructive than either of the other species. In addition to various legume crops the insects attacked several wild legumes, particularly Crotalaria incana L., one of the Island's commonest Crotalarias, and Canavalia maritima (Aubl.) Thou., commonly called the bay been. Some wild legumes, such as the wild lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.), and one of the commonest Crotalarias, (C. retusa L.), appeared to be highly resistant, if not inmune, to attack. The pod borers deposit their eggs on or near the blossoms and blossom buds, thereby assuring ample food for the newly hatched larvae. Most of the injured blossoms drop to the ground, and it is not uncommon to find hundreds of them on the ground under bean plants. Experiments conducted at Yauco, Isabela, and Mayagüez indicated that the pod borers could be successfully controlled by two 25-pound-per-acre applications of dust containing 80 percent of natural cryolite. Similar applications of pyrethrum dust were moderately effective, but the cost of the material was prohibitive. Dusts and sprays containing rotenone failed to provide satisfactory control. Observation of various varieties and types of lime beans indicated that the small-seeded lima bean, particularly the variety Carolina, was highly resistant to pod borer attack.
STUDIES OF THE ROOT SYSTEM OF COFFEA ARABICA L.
Authors: Guiscafré-Arrillaga J. , Gomez Luis A.
Published: October 2020

1. Ninety-five per cent of the roots of coffee trees in Catalina clay soil were found in the upper 12 inches of soil. 2. Catalina clay soil is very deficient in nitrogen, phosphorus and potash. 3. A heavy and vigorous tree top was correlated with an extensive root system. 4. A fixed ratio of tops to roots, approximately 3 to 1, was shown in Catalina clay soil. 5. The diameter of the trunk proved to be more indicative of the size of the root system than was the lateral spread of the branches or the height of the tree. 6. The lateral and vertical spread of the roots of the 7-year-old coffee trees studied was found to be slightly over four feet.
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE UPON THE BASE-EXCHANGE CAPACITY OF CLAYS
Authors: Colón Angel Alberto
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this work was to obtain data that would throw light upon the nature of the changes brought about by heat on the base exchange capacity of soils. The clay fraction of a Crowley silt loam soil was obtained, divided into five equal portions, and each of these portions was saturated with the chlorides of potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and hydrogen (HCl), respectively. Each of the so saturated portions was subdivided into smaller fractions which were heated at 25°, 50°, 75°, and 100° C. for 0, 5, 12, and 46 days respectively. The amount of the particular replaceable base with which the clay had been saturated and the total exchangeable bases were determined after each thermal treatment. It was found that the amounts of replaceable potassium, calcium, and acid hydrogen decreased with prolonged treatment, whereas that of sodium and magnesium increased. The amount of total exchangeable bases showed an increase in the potassium and acid hydrogen clays, and a decrease in the sodium, calcium, and magnesium clays upon prolonged thermal treatment. The reasons for these markedly different behaviours of clays saturated with different cations are not well understood at present. An interpretation based on ionic radii is proposed.
Título en español
Authors: Kenneth A. Bartlett
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español
Título en español
Authors: James G. Needham
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español
Título en espa
Authors: W. S. Fisher
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español
NATURAL PARASITISM BY TRICHOGRAMMA MINUTUM OF THE EGGS OF THE SUGAR-CANE MOTH BORER, DIATRAEA SACCHARALIS, IN THE CANE FIELDS OF PUERTO RICO
Authors: Wolcott George N.
Published: October 2020

The initiation in the formation of waves of abundance of egg-clusters of Diatraea saccharalis F. each spring in the northwestern corner of Puerto Rico is seasonal, but their height, duration and sudden drop is late summer are due to the near perfection of natural control by Trichogramma minutum Riley. In the remaining four-fifths of Puerto Rico, the factors responsible for the initiation, height and usually much shorter duration of waves of abundance, of egg-clusters lare not seasonal at all, but apparently depend on temporary and partial failure of biologic control in previous generations of the host. Natural control in the egg stage, even with often almost as many egg-clusters eaten by ants as attacked by parasites, rarely occurs, because of the shortness of the period of the wave. Irrigation so modifies humidity that rainfall, varying from less than 30 inches to nearly 90 inches per year, can not be proved to be 3 factor, and the variations in temperature are within too narrow limits to produce an effect. Height of cane and- variety of cane has no effect on egg-clusters, but ratoon cane averages greater abundance of host eggs, and higher parasitism, than plant cane or ratoon cane of which the trash has been burned. Parasitism invariably averages higher when or where host eggs are most numerous, but great variation in abundance of eggs in individual fields is paralleled by comparable variation in parasitism not depending on host abundance. Fields with more than five fresh eggclusters per man-hour and less than 33% parasitism are one out of every ten or eleven, and generalized predictions as to the occurrence of such conditions can be made. The release of laboratory-reared parasites can be commercially justified only in fields meeting these conditions, which occur most often in plant cane on the south coast during the winter.
A NEW SPECIES OF PHLOEONEMUS PEOM PUERTO RICO (COLEOPTERA: COLYDIIDAE)
Authors: Fisher W. S.
Published: October 2020

Resumen en inglés.
A METHOD OF INTERPRETING THE RESULTS OF FIELD TRIALS
Authors: Capó Bernardo G.
Published: October 2020

Resumen en inglés.
A SURVEY OF THE FOREST INSECTS OF PUERTO RICO PART I
Authors: Martorell Luis F.
Published: October 2020

The first part of the work consists of an annotated list of the insects affecting the trees. The host trees are mentioned by their scientific names in alpahabetical order, and the insects are listed under each species of tree. Directly under the name of each tree, the family to which it belongs is cited, followed by notes on distribution, uses or economic importance and common names of the tree species. Then the insects are listed or recorded, following more or less this sequence: insects affecting the flowers, fruits or seeds, twigs, branches, trunk and roots. Often, species attacking the decayed wood or resting on the tree will be mentioned at the end of each 565 tree discussed. Only the insects affecting the trees are recorded, that is, such records as "on the leaves", or "collected on the fruit", "on the trunk", etc., are not taken in consideration in this work. The parasitic forms are only mentioned when the specific host is known, otherwise parasites and predators just resting on leaves or other parts of the trees are not listed. This Survey is based on the insect population studies on 245 tree species, belonging to 169 genera. In the annotated list some trees only show two or three insects records while others might show thirty, forty or more records.
A SURVEY OF THE FOREST INSECTS OF PUERTO RICO PART II
Authors: Martorell Luis F.
Published: October 2020

The second part of the work is an entomological discussion of the most important forms of the Insecta affecting our trees. Often, the following information is given about each insect species: general distribution of the insect; description of the adults (male and female), eggs, larval, nymphal, pupal and chrysalis stages; habits, natural enemies, applied control and host trees. It would be really very hard to tell which are the most noxious insect pests of the forests, due to the fact that almost all of them are on the same level of importance. Only a few are outstanding as really dangerous pests of economic importance.
Título en español.
Authors: Chapman Grant
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.
Título en español.
Authors: Luis A. Gómez  , José Lería Esmoris  , B. G. Capó
Published: October 2020

Los resultados obtenidos en dos experimentos de abono realizados con la variedad Puerto Rico de Coffea arabica en el suelo Catalina arcilloso han sido presentados, analizados estadísticamente y discutidos. Las aplicaciones de nitrógeno y ácido fosfórico parecen ser más importantes en cuanto se refiere a la producción de café comercial de la variedad Puerto Rico en el suelo Catalina arcilloso que las aplicaciones de potasa, las cuales no demostraron tener efectos significativos en dichos rendimientos. Estos resultados difieren radicalmente de los resultados obtenidos por McClelland, quien encontró que las aplicaciones de potasa eran esenciales, y que las de ácido fosfórico no eran necesarias para la producción máxima de café en Puerto Rico. Debe llamarse la atención al hecho de que McClelland realizó sus experimentos en otros suelos, los cuales probablemente no se hallaban en condiciones de proveer al cafeto la potasa requerida por el mismo.
Título en español.
Authors: Francisco J. Ramírez-Silva
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.
Título en español.
Authors: Ernesto Hernández-Medina  , John W. Shive
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.
Título en español.
Authors: John S. Caldwell
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.