bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
К ВОПРОСУ КАДРОВОЙ ВОСТРЕБОВАННОСТИ ЮРИСТОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ АССИМИЛЯЦИИ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА
Authors: Карамов И.Ф. , Шайдуллин В.Ф.
Published: February 2025

В рамках статьи рассмотрены вопросы кадровой востребованности юристов на рынке труда, проанализированы некоторые практико-правовые аспекты интеграции искусственного интеллекта в рамках современной отечественной кадровой парадигмы, сопоставляются теоретические и практические стороны данного вопроса. Актуальность тематики проводимых научных изысканий в значительной степени предопределена сложившейся социально-правовой конъюнктурой, в которой широкое распространение и потенциал развития приобрели цифровые технологии, в частотности искусственный интеллект и нейросети.

Within the framework of this research work, the authors considered some issues of staffing lawyers in the labor market, analyzed some practical and legal aspects of the integration of artificial intelligence within the framework of the modern domestic personnel paradigm. The authors believe that the relevance of the subject of scientific research is largely predetermined by the current socio-legal situation, in which digital technologies, in particular artificial intelligence and neural networks, have become widespread and have the potential for development. In their work, the authors analyze the staffing of lawyers in the labor market, explore some practical and legal aspects of the integration of artificial intelligence within the framework of the modern domestic personnel paradigm, compare the theoretical and practical sides of this issue.
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ПРИДНЕСТРОВСКОЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОСТИ СКВОЗЬ ПРИЗМУ НОРМАТИВНОГО СОДЕРЖАНИЯ КОНСТИТУЦИЙ 1991 И 1995 ГОДОВ: АСПЕКТ ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ДИЗАЙНА ОРГАНОВ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ВЛАСТИ
Authors: Павлова Е.А.
Published: February 2025

Статья посвящена анализу возникновения и конституирования государственности Приднестровской Молдавской Республики сквозь призму нормативного воплощения основных институтов государства в двух конституциях Приднестровья – принятой парламентом республики и утвержденной на IV съезде депутатов всех уровней Конституции Приднестровья 1991 года и принятой на всенародном референдуме Конституции Приднестровья 1995 года. Представлена авторская градация этапов приднестровского конституционализма с вычленением характерных черт каждого из 5 этапов с развернутым анализом каждого из них сквозь призму институционального дизайна органов государственной власти. Сделан вывод, что с учетом нового законопроекта (октябрь 2024 года) о внесении изменения и дополнения в Конституцию Приднестровья продолжается 5-й этап приднестровского конституционализма, характеризующийся фрагментарным изменением текста Основного закона Приднестровья.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the emergence and constitution of the statehood of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic through the prism of the normative embodiment of the main institutions of the state in two Constitutions of Pridnestrovie – the first Constitution of Pridnestrovie of 1991 adopted by Parliament and approved at the IV Congress of Deputies of all levels and the second Constitution of 1995 adopted at a national referendum. The author’s gradation of the stages of Pridnestrovian constitutionalism is presented with the identification of the characteristic features of each of the 5 stages with a detailed analysis of each of them through the prism of the institutional design of public authorities. It is concluded that, taking into account the new draft law on amendments and additions to the Constitution of Pridnestrovie introduced in October 2024, the fifth stage of Pridnestrovian constitutionalism continues, characterized by a fragmentary change in the text of the Basic Law of Pridnestrovie.
Comparison of the K Mean Algorithm with the C 45 Algorithm in Dataming Applications
Authors: Panggabean Erwin , Simangunsong Agustina , Sinaga Dedi , Sihombing Agus Putra Emas , Aritonang Tri Evalina
Published: February 2025

This research topic discusses the comparison of the K-Means and C4.5 algorithms in the application of data mining to predict aquarium sales in a company. K-Means is a clustering algorithm that functions to group data based on similarity, for example grouping customers based on frequency or type of purchase. This helps companies understand market segments and design marketing strategies accordingly. Meanwhile, C4.5 is a classification algorithm that builds decision trees based on important attributes that influence sales, such as price, season, or promotions. This algorithm is able to predict sales categories, such as increases or decreases, based on historical data. By comparing these two algorithms, the research sought to find out which algorithm is more effective in helping companies predict sales and make strategic decisions. A combination of the two can also be used, with K-Means grouping the data first, then C4.5 classifying each segment formed. These results can provide more accurate sales predictions and more effective marketing strategies. This research is important to understand the effectiveness of algorithms in data mining to improve business decision making.
Reviewing the Impact of 5G Technology on Healthcare in African Nations
Authors: Ige Adebimpe Bolatito , Adepoju Peter Adeyemo , Akinade Afees Olanrewaju , Afolabi Adeoye Idowu
Published: February 2025

This review delves into the unprecedented impact of 5G technology on healthcare systems across African nations. The advent of 5G heralds a new era of connectivity, promising to revolutionize healthcare delivery, accessibility, and patient outcomes. Analyzing the intersection of cutting-edge telecommunications infrastructure and healthcare in the African context, this review highlights key findings that underscore the transformative potential of 5G. The review begins by providing an overview of the current state of healthcare in African nations, emphasizing the unique challenges faced by these regions. It then delves into the capabilities of 5G technology, including enhanced data transfer speeds, low latency, and robust network connectivity. Through a comprehensive analysis, the review explores the ways in which 5G facilitates advancements in telemedicine, remote patient monitoring, and the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). Telemedicine emerges as a central theme, as 5G’s high-speed, low-latency capabilities break down geographical barriers, enabling real-time consultations, diagnostic imaging, and collaboration among healthcare professionals. The implementation of remote patient monitoring systems empowered by 5G enhances the delivery of healthcare services to underserved and remote areas, fostering preventive care and early intervention. The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) takes center stage in this review, showcasing how 5G technology propels the integration of smart devices, wearables, and healthcare sensors. This interconnected ecosystem facilitates seamless data exchange, supporting healthcare providers in making informed decisions and improving patient outcomes. The review also sheds light on the potential challenges and considerations associated with the implementation of 5G in African healthcare, including infrastructure requirements, regulatory frameworks, and data privacy concerns. As African nations navigate the adoption of 5G, there is a call for collaborative efforts among governments, technology providers, and healthcare stakeholders to address these challenges and unlock the full potential of this transformative technology. In conclusion, this review underscores the paradigm shift brought about by 5G technology in African healthcare. The fusion of high-speed connectivity and healthcare services holds the promise of overcoming existing barriers, fostering a more inclusive, efficient, and technologically advanced healthcare landscape across the continent.
Effect of Market Entry on Generic Drug Prices: Medicare Data 2007-2022
Authors: Nguyen, Nguyen Xuan , Sheingold Steven , Bosworth Arielle , Zuckerman Rachael , Buchmueller Thomas
Published: February 2025

Using the Medicare Part D drug event (PDE) data from 2007 to 2022, and both fixed effects or random effects at the drug level, we estimate the relationship of competitors and prices within each drug level while controlling for factors across drugs for 3 periods, 2007-11, 2012-15, and 2016-2019. We follow a drug 24 months and 36 months after first generic entry to examine whether the relationship between number of competitors and price would change over time.

We find that in recent years new generic markets continue to be competitive. Drug prices fall with increasing number of generic competitors. Prices decline by 20% in markets with about 3 competitors. Prices continue to decline by 70% to 80% relative to the pre-generic entry price in markets of 10 or more competitors following 3 years after first generic entry. We also find that the impact of competition on relative prices are similar for generic drugs first entering the market in the most recent period 2016-2019 to the earlier periods, 2007-11 or 2012-15.
Implementation of Zakat as a Tax Incentive in Indonesia: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Halim Sofyan , Dyarini M Anggia , Suhada Jundi Imam , Jalil Noviendri , Anasrul Anasrul
Published: February 2025

Zakat, as an important instrument of fiscal incentives, plays an important role in facilitating wealth redistribution, reducing poverty, and increasing individual economic empowerment. This scientific article conducts a comparative analysis of the implementation of zakat within the framework of fiscal incentives in three countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, and Saudi Arabia. Indonesia recognizes zakat as a deductible expense, while Malaysia adopts a more progressive approach by categorizing zakat as a reduction in direct tax credits. In the context of Saudi Arabia, zakat serves as a fundamental mechanism for wealth redistribution, given that the state does not impose income tax.

The findings of the analysis show that the efficacy of zakat as a fiscal incentive largely depends on the quality of management, regulatory framework, and its integration with fiscal policy. In Indonesia, a centralized framework through the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) faces bureaucratic barriers, while Malaysia uses a decentralized approach through state authorities that facilitates increased flexibility. Saudi Arabia uses zakat as the main instrument for redistribution, supported by the religious values upheld by its population.

The allocation of zakat funds for economic empowerment initiatives, which includes education financing, micro-business capital, and social development, has been proven to encourage social justice-oriented economic growth. To optimize zakat profits, it is recommended to increase digitalization, implement professional management practices, foster collaboration with the private sector, and ensure transparency and accountability in the distribution of funds.

In short, zakat goes beyond its role as a mere religious obligation, emerging as an effective fiscal tool to promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth. Through the integration of technology-based policies and innovative management strategies, zakat has the potential to serve as a strategic response to contemporary economic challenges while strengthening public trust in government institutions and zakat.
Profiling the disciplinary foundation of telework research: A journal co-citation analysis
Authors: Vásquez Anibal Pinchi , Larrañaga Katty Álamo , Sánchez Teresa del Pilar Lopez , Trigoso-García Carlos , Vela Jerris Rojas , Rengifo-Amasifen Roger Ricardo
Published: February 2025

Objective. This study employed bibliometric analysis to identify the most relevant journals in telework research and utilized journal co-citation analysis to map the intellectual foundation of this field of study.

Design/Methodology/Approach. To conduct this study, we used data from Scopus, employed the cluster modularity technique to identify journal communities, gathered centrality measures to pinpoint essential journals, and chose to rank the journals based on relevance. We combined two key measures to achieve this: the number of citations received and closeness centrality within the co-citation network.

Results/Discussion. Seven communities of journals were identified, encompassing the following subject areas: organizational psychology and management, technology and information systems, occupational health and psychological well-being, sustainability and the environment, education and skills development, economics and public policy, and sociology and cultural studies. Some of the most relevant journals included the Journal of Applied Psychology; the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health; Sustainability, the Journal of Organizational Behavior; the Journal of Vocational Behavior; New Technology, Work and Employment; Frontiers in Psychology; Human Relations; the Academy of Management Journal; and the Academy of Management Review.

Conclusions. The co-citation analysis revealed that the disciplinary structure of teleworking is underpinned by a network of influential journals covering different areas of knowledge. The most relevant publications form seven major thematic clusters, reflecting the multidisciplinary nature of teleworking research.
Role of Agricultural Extension Services in Enhancing Farmers Income in Uganda
Authors: Lwanga Joseph
Published: February 2025

Purpose: The purpose of this article was to examine role of agricultural extension services in enhancing farmers' income in Uganda.
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: Agricultural extension services play a vital role in enhancing farmers' income in Uganda by improving farming practices, productivity, and market access. Farmers who engage with extension services often adopt modern techniques such as crop rotation, pest management, and improved irrigation, leading to higher yields and reduced costs. Extension services also provide critical market information, enabling farmers to sell their produce at competitive prices, further boosting income levels. Despite these benefits, challenges such as limited funding, inadequate training for extension workers, and unequal access, particularly in rural areas, hinder the full impact of these services.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Diffusion of innovations theory, human capital theory & sustainable livelihoods framework may be used to anchor future studies on the role of agricultural extension services in enhancing farmers' income in Uganda. Agricultural extension services are critical in improving farmers' skills and practices, which directly affect productivity and income. Policies should encourage public-private partnerships to bring in technological innovations and improve the delivery of extension services.
Effect of Trade Liberalization on Agricultural Export Performance in New Zealand
Authors: Roberts Ethan
Published: February 2025

Purpose: The purpose of this article was to examine effect of trade liberalization on agricultural export performance in New Zealand
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: Trade liberalization has boosted New Zealand’s agricultural exports, reaching NZD 48 billion in 2021. Policies like tariff cuts and FTAs, including the CPTPP, improved market access for dairy, meat, and horticulture. Despite growth, challenges like global competition and meeting international standards persist.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Comparative advantage theory, gravity model of trade & endogenous growth theory may be used to anchor future studies on the effect of trade liberalization on agricultural export performance in New Zealand. Governments should foster public-private partnerships to build critical infrastructure such as transportation and storage facilities, which are often bottlenecks in global agricultural supply chains. Policymakers should integrate agricultural export growth strategies with broader economic development goals, ensuring that trade liberalization policies are aligned with national agricultural and rural development policies.
Tell Me Why You Care? Film Festival Cultures, Ethics, and Aesthetics of Care
Authors: Ostrowska Dorota
Published: February 2025

The attitude of care is one of the most enduring features of film festival cultures. It is present in the fabric of film festivals manifested in the work of curators and programmers, in film festival themes and points of focus, and among audiences and communities. By caring to curate and to organise a film festival event, be it online or live, film festivals create spaces of healing, presence and recovery for communities of film-makers, film practitioners and wider audiences. In this chapter I propose care as a methodological tool to examine constitutive elements of film festivals and their dynamics. I consider care as the overarching framework helping us comprehend critical aspects of film festival cultures and its potential to renew themselves beyond the points of crisis.
La ambigüedad del Tratado Torrijos-Carter y su significado político.
Authors: Gorostiaga Xabier M.
Published: February 2025

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 32, No. 347, 1977: 659-666.
Lo que monseñor Revelo dijo y no dijo en el Sínodo de Obispos
Authors: G. L.
Published: February 2025

No abstract available.ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 32, No. 347, 1977: 675-680.
El tratado Torrijos-Carter sobre el Canal de Panamá
Authors: ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos
Published: February 2025

No abstract available.ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 32, No. 347, 1977: 688-698.
Recensiones
Authors: De Sebastián Luis , J. M. C.  , Martín Baró Ignacio
Published: February 2025

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 32, No. 347, 1977: 699-701.
Hubungan Dukungan Organisasional Dengan Burnout
Authors: Nabilah Rizqa , Meliala Shirley Melita Sembiring , Khairuddin Khairuddin , Lubis Doli Maulana Gama Samudera
Published: February 2025

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan Hubungan Dukungan Organisasional Dengan Burnout Pada Karyawan PGN Solution. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan analisis korelasional. Populasi penelitian dalah karyawan di PGN Solution yang berjumlah 67 karyawan. Menggunakan teknik sampling total sampling. Dalam mengukur dukungan organisasional peneliti menggunakan teori aspek-aspek dukungan organisasional: peduli dengan kesejahteraan karyawan, respon terhadap kesulitan karyawan, peduli dengan performa kerja karyawan, respon terhadap ide dan pendapat karyawan. Skala disusun berdasarkan aspek-aspek burnout: Kelelahan emosi (emotional exhaustion), depersonalisasi (depersonalization), perasaan tidak berkemampuan (low of personal accomplishment). Berdasarkan hasil analisis korelasi product moment, dapat diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif antara dukungan organisasional dengan burnout. Hasil ini dibuktikan dengan koefisien korelasi rxy = -0,391, dengan Signifikan p= 0,000 0,05. Disimpulkan bahwa dukungan organisasional sedang cenderung rendah dengan mean hipotetik sebesar 67,5 lebih besar dari mean empirik dengan nilai 61,06. Selanjutnya burnout memperoleh hasil sedang cenderung tinggi dengan nilai mean hipotetik sebesar 57,5 lebih kecil dibandingnya nilai mean empirik 62,76.
MANAJEMEN KINERJA GURU DI SD MUHAMMADIYAH SUKOREJO KENDAL
Authors: BADRUDIN BADRUDIN , JUNAIDAH JUNAIDAH , ANDRIANTO DEDI , MAULIDIN SYARIF
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
The management of teacher performance at SD Muhammadiyah Sukorejo Kendal is carried out through four key stages: planning, organizing, implementation, and evaluation. This study aims to analyze how the teacher performance management process is applied at the school and to understand how evaluation and coaching are conducted by the principal and management team. A descriptive approach was used, with in-depth interviews conducted with the principal, teachers, and management team. The findings show that performance planning is carried out through an annual work meeting, involving the entire management team and aligning with the school's vision and mission. Teacher performance organization involves task allocation based on the teachers' educational background. The implementation of teacher performance includes professional development through seminars, workshops, and teacher workgroups (KKG), as well as providing motivation in the form of incentives. Performance evaluation is conducted through evaluation meetings, supervision, and Teacher Performance Appraisal (PKG), providing feedback to improve teacher performance. Although various efforts have been made to improve the quality of teaching, there are still shortcomings in lesson planning, particularly related to the preparation of lesson plans (RPP). This study suggests strengthening lesson planning and further developing teacher professional skills.
Keywords: performance management, performance evaluation, teacher development
ABSTRAK
Manajemen kinerja guru di SD Muhammadiyah Sukorejo Kendal dilakukan melalui empat tahap penting, yaitu perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi kinerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana proses manajemen kinerja guru diterapkan di sekolah tersebut dan untuk mengetahui bagaimana evaluasi serta pembinaan dilakukan oleh kepala sekolah dan tim manajemen. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan deskriptif dengan wawancara mendalam terhadap kepala sekolah, guru, dan tim manajemen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perencanaan kinerja dilakukan melalui rapat kerja di awal tahun, melibatkan seluruh tim manajemen dan disesuaikan dengan visi dan misi sekolah. Pengorganisasian kinerja guru dilakukan dengan membagi tugas sesuai dengan latar belakang pendidikan guru. Pelaksanaan kinerja guru meliputi pembinaan profesionalisme guru melalui seminar, workshop, dan KKG, serta pemberian motivasi berupa insentif. Evaluasi kinerja dilakukan melalui rapat evaluasi, supervisi, dan PKG yang memberikan umpan balik untuk meningkatkan kinerja guru. Meskipun sudah ada berbagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran, masih terdapat kekurangan dalam hal perencanaan pembelajaran, terutama terkait pembuatan RPP. Penelitian ini menyarankan untuk lebih memperkuat perencanaan pembelajaran dan pengembangan profesionalisme guru.
Kata Kunci: manajemen kinerja, evaluasi kinerja, pembinaan guru
Quantification of regional net CO2 flux errors in the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) v10 model intercomparison project (MIP) ensemble using airborne measurements
Authors: Yun Jeongmin , Liu Junjie , Byrne Brendan , Weir Brad , Ott Lesley E. , McKain Kathryn , Baier Bianca C. , Gatti Luciana V. , Biraud Sebastien C.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Inverse model intercomparison projects (MIPs) provide a chance to assess the uncertainties in inversion estimates arising from various sources. However, accurately quantifying ensemble CO2 flux errors remains challenging and often relies on the ensemble spread. This study proposes a method for quantifying the errors in regional net surface–atmosphere CO2 flux estimates from models taken from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) v10 MIP by using independent airborne CO2 measurements for the period 2015–2017. We first calculate the root mean square error (RMSE) between the ensemble mean of posterior CO2 concentrations and airborne observations and then isolate the CO2 concentration errors caused solely by the ensemble mean of posterior net fluxes by subtracting the observation, representation, and transport errors from seven regions. Our analysis reveals that the flux errors projected onto CO2 space account for 55 %–85 % of the regional average RMSE over the 3 years, ranging from 0.88 to 1.91 ppm. In five regions, the error estimates based on observations exceed those computed from the ensemble spread of posterior fluxes by a factor of 1.33–1.93, implying an underestimation of the actual flux errors, while their magnitudes are comparable in two regions. The adjoint sensitivity analysis identifies that the underestimation of flux errors is prominent where the magnitudes of fossil fuel emissions exceed those of terrestrial-biosphere fluxes by a factor of 3–31 over the 3 years. This suggests the presence of systematic biases in the inversion estimates associated with errors in the prescribed fossil fuel emissions common to all models. Our study emphasizes the value of airborne measurements for quantifying regional errors in ensemble net CO2 flux estimates.
Root growth dynamics and allocation as a response to rapid and local changes in soil moisture
Authors: Ceolin Samuele , Schymanski Stanislaus J. , van Dusschoten Dagmar , Koller Robert , Klaus Julian
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Roots exhibit plasticity in morphology and physiology when exposed to fluctuating nutrient and water availability. However, the dynamics of daily timescale adjustments to changes in water availability are unclear, and experimental evidence of the rates of such adjustments is needed. In this study, we investigated how the root system responds within days to a sudden and localized increase in soil moisture (“hydromatching”). Root systems of maize plants were grown in soil columns divided into four layers by vaseline barriers and continuously monitored using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology. We found that, within 48 h after application of water pulses in a given soil layer, root growth rates in that layer increased, while root growth rates in other layers decreased. Our results indicate local root growth was guided by local changes in soil moisture and potentially even by changes in soil moisture occurring in other parts of the soil profile, which would result in a coordinated response of the entire root system. Hydromatching in maize appears to be a dynamic and reversible phenomenon, for which the investment in biomass is continuously promoted in wet soil volumes and/or halted in drier soil volumes. This sheds new light onto the plasticity of root systems of maize plants and their ability to adjust to local and sudden changes in soil moisture, as would be expected due to patchy infiltration after rainfall or irrigation events.
Comparison of wind-farm control strategies under realistic offshore wind conditions: wake quantities of interest
Authors: Brown Kenneth , Yalla Gopal , Cheung Lawrence , Frederik Joeri , Houck Dan , deVelder Nate , Simley Eric , Fleming Paul
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Wind-farm control strategies aim to increase the efficiency, and therefore lower the levelized cost of energy, of a wind farm. This is done by using turbine settings such as the yaw angle, blade pitch angles, or generator torque to manipulate the wake that negatively affects downstream turbines in the farm. Two inherently different wind-farm control methods have been identified in literature: wake steering (WS) and wake mixing (WM). As one of two companion papers focused on understanding practical aspects of these two wind-farm control strategies using large-eddy simulation (LES), we below analyze the wake quantities of interest for a single wind turbine performing WS and WM, while the companion article (Frederik et al., 2025) focuses on turbine quantities of interest including power and structural loads for the same computational setup and also includes two-turbine arrays with full and partial wake overlap. The simulations, which are based in the LES solver AMR-Wind, are tailored to have inflow conditions representative of measurements from a site off the east coast of the U.S. including with strong veer and low turbulence. The turbine, which is modeled in OpenFAST and coupled to the LES, is the IEA 15 MW, an open-source offshore design. After presenting an overview of the wake recovery for the different wake-control cases, the analysis probes the fluid-dynamic causes for the different performance of the arrays reported in the companion article by examining control volumes around the wakes and the budget of the mean-flow kinetic energy (MKE) within these volumes. In the high veer environment considered, the MKE recovery is dominated by mean convection, and this is shown to especially benefit the WS strategy when a neighboring turbine is directly downstream; there is ≈70 % more available power for a downstream turbine than the baseline case, and this power is gained primarily through mean convection on the left-tip and top-tip faces of the control volume. However, the case with imperfect knowledge of the exact wind direction favors the pulse-type WM strategy, largely because of ≈8 % increased turbulent entrainment from aloft versus the baseline that could be related to an apparent resistance to skewing in the pulsed wake. The general reduced effectiveness of helix-type and other individual-pitch-based WM strategies for inflow with high veer and low turbulence as reported in the companion paper is due, in part, to low magnitudes of phase-averaged turbulent entrainment. Two main findings of this study are thus that veer has a significant impact on the effectiveness of different wake-control strategies and that pulse-type WM may be a useful strategy when the objective is power maximization in realistic, offshore flow environments including imperfect knowledge of the exact wake overlap position on the downstream turbine.
ПРЕЗУМПЦИЯ НАЛИЧИЯ СТРАДАНИЙ ПРИ ВЗЫСКАНИИ КОМПЕНСАЦИИ МОРАЛЬНОГО ВРЕДА, ПРИЧИНЕННОГО НАРУШЕНИЕМ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫХ ПРАВ
Authors: АБРАМОВ С.Б.
Published: February 2025

Цель настоящей статьи – определить целесообразность и особенности применения презумп- ции наличия страданий при взыскании компенсации морального вреда, причиненного нарушением интеллек- туальных прав. Использовались метод дедукции, системного анализа, формально-юридический метод, метод изучения документов и другие методы познания. В статье исследованы релевантные нормативно-правовые акты, практика отечественных судов, доктринальные позиции по избранной тематике. Сделан вывод о целесо- образности применения такой презумпции при рассмотрении требований о взыскании компенсации морально- го вреда как последствия нарушения личных неимущественных прав авторов. Обосновано, что масштабы нару- шения личных неимущественных прав на интеллектуальную собственность не должны влиять на применимость презумпции наличия страданий.

The purpose of this article is to determine the expediency and features of applying the presumption of suffering in terms of compensation for moral damage caused by the violation of intellectual property rights. The following methods were used: deduction, systematical analysis, formal legal method, document study method and other methods of research. The article examines relevant legal acts, the practice of Russian courts as well as doctrinal positions on the given topic. A conclusion is made that it is appropriate to apply the mentioned presumption in connection to compensation of moral damage entailed by violation of moral rights of authors. It is argued that the scale of violation of moral rights to intellectual property objects should not affect the applicability of presumption of suffering.
ПОНЯТИЕ И СУЩНОСТЬ СУБСИДИАРНОЙ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ ДОЛЖНИКА В РАМКАХ ПРОЦЕДУРЫ БАНКРОТСТВА
Authors: ШУБЕНИН А.Н.
Published: February 2025

В данной статье подробно анализируется проблема правовой природы субсидиарной ответ- ственности, которая представляет собой важный элемент правового регулирования в сфере банкротства (не- состоятельности). Субсидиарная ответственность предполагает, что человек, который контролирует компанию, может отвечать за её долги, если не выполнил непосредственно все свои обязанности. Важным аспектом ис- следования является выявление существенных признаков, которые отличают субсидиарную ответственность от других правовых институтов ответственности. Одной из ключевых задач работы является определение зна- чимости дифференциации сегментов правовой природы субсидиарной ответственности в контексте практики применения законодательства о банкротстве в России.

This article analyzes in detail the problem of the legal nature of subsidiary liability, which is an important element of legal regulation in the field of bankruptcy (insolvency). Subsidiary liability is a form of liability in which the person controlling the debtor may be held liable for the obligations of a legal entity if that person has not fulfilled its obligations. An important aspect of the study is to identify the essential features that distinguish subsidiary liability from other legal institutions of liability. One of the key tasks of the work is to determine the significance of differentiation of segments of the legal nature of subsidiary liability in the context of the practice of applying bankruptcy legislation in Russia.
ИСПОЛНЕНИЕ ПРИГОВОРА: ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ АДВОКАТА ПО ДОКАЗЫВАНИЮ НА ДАННОЙ СТАДИИ, ДИСКУССИОННЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ, КОЛЛИЗИИ, ВОЗМОЖНЫЕ ПУТИ РЕШЕНИЯ
Authors: МАЙКО Д.П.
Published: February 2025

Статья посвящена доказыванию на стадии исполнения приговора. Рассмотрены различные подходы относительно того, выступает ли адвокат активным субъектом доказывания. Рассмотрен вопрос о том, может ли адвокат выступать защитником на данной стадии. Обозначены коллизии положений УИК РФ и ФЗ «Об адвокатской деятельности и адвокатуре в Российской Федерации», предложены возможные пути решения. Обо- снован вывод о том, что адвокат выступает активным субъектом доказывания на стадии исполнения приговора.

The article is devoted to proving at the stage of execution of a sentence. Various approaches are considered as to whether a lawyer is an active subject of proof. The question of whether a lawyer can act as a defender at this stage is considered. The conflicts of the provisions of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the Federal Law on Advocacy and the Bar in the Russian Federation are outlined, and possible solutions are proposed. The conclusion is substantiated that the lawyer acts as an active subject of proof at the stage of execution of the sentence.
К ВОПРОСУ О ЗНАЧЕНИИ СУДЕЙСКОГО УСМОТРЕНИЯ ПРИ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПРАВА
Authors: КАСИМОВ Т.С. , МУСТАФИН Ф.Р.
Published: February 2025

Вопросы обеспечения устойчивого развития государства, с нашей точки зрения, находятся в прямой связи с эффективным осуществлением государственного управления, в особенности в условиях поли- тической и экономической турбулентности. Институционализация основных вопросов выполнения возложен- ных на государство функций, заключающаяся в создании системы и структуры государственных органов в области социальной политики и экономического развития, не может происходить бессистемно. В процессе оптимизации и повышения эффективности государственного управления важное место занимает реализация права в форме правоприменения судебными органами. Судейское усмотрение, в свою очередь, является не- отъемлемой частью реализации права судами. В настоящей статье приводится общая характеристика такого правового явления, как судейское усмотрение, получившего распространение во многих демократических и правовых государствах, а также обосновывается взаимообусловленность и взаимосвязь данной концепции с актуальными вопросами реализации права в форме правоприменения.

The issues of ensuring the sustainable development of the state, from our point of view, are directly related to the effective implementation of public administration, especially in conditions of political and economic turbulence. The institutionalization of the main issues of fulfilling the functions assigned to the state, which consists in creating a system and structure of state bodies in the field of social policy and economic development, cannot occur haphazardly. In the process of optimizing and improving the efficiency of public administration, an important place is occupied by the implementation of law in the form of law enforcement by judicial authorities. Judicial discretion, in turn, is an integral part of the exercise of the right by the courts. This article provides a general description of such a legal phenomenon as judicial discretion, which has become widespread in many democratic and legal states, and also substantiates the interdependence and interrelation of this concept with topical issues of the implementation of law in the form of law enforcement.
О СООТНОШЕНИИ ПРИНЦИПА СБАЛАНСИРОВАННОСТИ БЮДЖЕТА С ДРУГИМИ ПРИНЦИПАМИ БЮДЖЕТНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ
Authors: ШЕВЛЯКОВА А.Н.
Published: February 2025

Говоря о принципе сбалансированности бюджета, нельзя не принять во внимание, что в нем наиболее тесным образом переплетены содержание и форма. Притом если формой выступают правовая «обо- лочка» и механизм обеспечения исполнения такой нормы-принципа, то содержание баланса всегда обусловле- но методикой расчета основных бюджетных показателей и соблюдением при этом других принципов бюджет- ной системы РФ, в частности: 1) полноты отражения доходов, расходов и источников финансирования дефици- тов бюджетов, 2) достоверности бюджета и 3) эффективности использования бюджетных средств.

Speaking about the principle of budget balance, we should consider that the content and form are closely connected in it. And if the form is the legal «shell» and the mechanism of ensuring the implementation of such normprinciple, the content of the balance is always conditioned by the methodology of calculation of the main budget indicators and compliance with other principles of the budget system of the Russian Federation, in particular: (1) completeness of reflection of revenues, expenditures and sources of financing budget deficits, (2) reliability of the budget and (3) efficiency of the use of budgetary funds.
МАСТЕР-ПЛАНЫ ОПОРНЫХ ГОРОДОВ АРКТИКИ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ЗЕМЕЛЬНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ НА АРКТИЧЕСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЯХ
Authors: БАЛАШОВ Д.В.
Published: February 2025

На протяжении 2024 года проводилась активная работа по внедрению института мастер-пла- нирования в градостроительную деятельность. Разработаны и утверждены мастер-планы развития городов Дальневосточного федерального округа, на завершающих стадиях подготовки мастер-планы опорных городов Арктики, понятие мастер-плана предложено закрепить в законодательстве. В статье приводятся ключевые эта- пы современного мастер-планирования, проводится анализ термина «мастер-план», подчеркивается необходи- мость учитывать при его разработке аспекты земельных правоотношений. Статья посвящается памяти Е.Г. Багреевой, доктора юридических наук, профессора, ведущего научного сотрудника Управления планирования и организации научных исследований Государственного университета по землеустройству, члена Редакционного совета журнала «Евразийская адвокатура».

Throughout 2024, active work was carried out to introduce the institute of master planning into urban planning activities. Master plans for the development of cities in the Far Eastern Federal District have been developed and approved, master plans for the key cities of the Arctic are at the final stages of preparation, and the concept of a master plan is proposed to be enshrined in legislation. The article presents the key stages of modern master planning, analyses the concept of a Master plan, and emphasizes the need to take into account aspects of land legal relations during it developing. The article is dedicated to the memory of E.G. Bagreeva, Doctor of Law, Professor, leading researcher at the Department of Planning and Organization of Scientific Research at the State University of Land Management, member of the Editorial Board of the «Eurasian Advocacy» journal.
СИСТЕМООБРАЗУЮЩИЕ КАТЕГОРИИ ВАЛЮТНОГО ПРАВА
Authors: АХМЕДОВ А.Д. , НИГМАТУЛЛИН И.Р. , ЗАРИПОВ Ш.Р.
Published: February 2025

В настоящей статье рассматривается валютное право как комплексная отрасль российского законодательства, регулирующая общественные отношения в области валютных операций и контроля. Основ- ное внимание уделяется ключевым категориям валютного права: валюта, валютные ценности, резиденты и нерезиденты, а также органы и агенты валютного контроля. Валюта представлена как системообразующий элемент, определяющий структуру валютного права, а её правовое регулирование – как необходимое усло- вие эффективного функционирования валютных отношений. Валютные ценности рассматриваются как объект правового регулирования, требующий чёткого законодательного определения для обеспечения стабильности валютных операций. Категории резидентов и нерезидентов позволяют определять правовой статус субъектов валютных отношений, что важно для валютного контроля. Органы и агенты валютного контроля выполняют ключевые функции по обеспечению соблюдения валютного законодательства. Статья подчёркивает необхо- димость развития валютного права для обеспечения финансовой безопасности и устойчивого экономического развития в условиях глобализации.

This article examines currency law as a complex branch of Russian legislation regulating public relations in the field of currency transactions and control. The main focus is on the key categories of currency law: currency, currency values, residents and non-residents, as well as currency control authorities and agents. Currency is presented as a system—forming element that defines the structure of currency law, and its legal regulation is a necessary condition for the effective functioning of currency relations. Currency values are considered as an object of legal regulation that requires a clear legislative definition to ensure the stability of currency transactions. The categories of residents and non-residents make it possible to differentiate the legal status of subjects of currency relations, which is important for currency control. Currency control authorities and agents perform key functions to ensure compliance with currency legislation. The article highlights the need to develop currency law to ensure financial security and sustainable economic development in the context of globalization.
ДМИТРИЙ ТАЛАНТОВ И «ИНИЦИАТИВА 2018»: АДВОКАТЫ И ЮРИСТЫ ЗА ДЕМОКРАТИЮ И ВЕРХОВЕНСТВО ПРАВА
Authors: РАГУЛИН А.В.
Published: February 2025

Работа посвящена адвокату Дмитрию Талантову и деятельности Межрегиональной обществен- ной организации адвокатов и юристов «Инициатива 2018». Подробно освещаются ключевые аспекты работы «Инициативы 2018», направленной на защиту независимости адвокатуры, верховенства закона и прав человека в России, проведенной в 2018–2024 годах. Описываются важнейшие инициативы, реализуемые Дмитрием Та- лантовым и его соратниками, включая реформирование адвокатской деятельности, защиту прав адвокатов от преследований, борьбу за демократические принципы в адвокатуре, прозрачность и подотчетность органов корпоративного управления адвокатурой. Особое внимание уделяется роли Дмитрия Талантова как лидера, продвигающего идеи демократии, свободы выражения мнений, справедливости, а также его противоправному уголовному преследованию. Статья публикуется на русском и английском языке.

The work is devoted to lawyer Dmitry Talantov and activities of the Interregional Public Organization of Lawyers and Jurists «Initiative 2018». The key aspects of «Initiative 2018»'s advocacy work aimed at protecting the independence of the legal profession, the rule of law and human rights in Russia, carried out in 2018-2024, are covered in detail. The most important initiatives implemented by Dmitry Talantov and his associates are described, including reforming the legal profession, protecting lawyers' rights from persecution, fighting for democratic principles in the legal profession, and transparency and accountability of the legal profession corporate governance bodies. Special attention is paid to Dmitry Talantov's role as a leader promoting the ideas of democracy, freedom of expression, justice, as well as his wrongful criminal prosecution. The article is published in Russian and English.
A STUDY OF INDUSTRY INFLUENCE IN THE FIELD OF AI RESEARCH
Authors: Berman Glen , Williams Kate , Cohen Eliel
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we explore how AI researchers, situated within university-based research networks, mobilise and resist industry interests. The research question to which this paper is addressed is: how do university-based academics in the field of AI experience and mediate industry influence in their research? We answer this question through semi-structured interviews with research-focused academics (n = 90) affiliated with university-based AI research networks. We find that national research funders and university leadership incentivise and facilitate industry investments in AI research. We demonstrate how AI researchers mobilise this interest to pursue their own research goals, whilst also—at times—subordinating their research goals to the interests of industry. We highlight how AI researchers internalise the commercial logics of technology firms, which become mirrored in researchers' orientation towards generalisable and scalable research outputs that can move between many application domains and local contexts. We argue that university-based AI research networks primarily operate as mediators between industry, government, and university actors, and highlight the role national research investment strategies play in creating an enabling environment for industry influence of AI research.
SPOTLIGHT ON DEEPFAKES: MAPPING RESEARCH AND REGULATORY RESPONSES
Authors: Birrer Alena , Just Natascha
Published: February 2025

The advent of deepfakes has raised widespread concerns among researchers, policymakers, and the public. However, many of these concerns stem from alarmism rather than well-founded evidence. While research has begun discussing deepfakes’ potential harms and whether existing law is sufficient to counteract them, there is a lack of consolidated knowledge regarding the empirical evidence supporting these concerns as well as the specific regulatory measures developed in response. To bridge these gaps, our methodological approach is two-fold: (1) we provide a systematic literature review to consolidate what is currently empirically known about deepfakes, and (2) a qualitative content analysis of the evolving regulatory landscape. This is to offer a more comprehensive understanding of the deepfake phenomenon and to provide directions for future research and policymaking. The findings highlight gaps in our knowledge of deepfakes, making it difficult to assess the appropriateness and need for regulatory action. While deepfake technology may not introduce entirely new and unique regulatory problems, it can amplify existing problems such as the spread of non-consensual pornography and disinformation. Effective oversight and enforcement of existing rules, along with careful consideration of required adjustments will therefore be crucial. The dynamic nature of deepfake technology also calls for adaptive policy approaches that aim to mitigate harm while protecting individual rights and addressing larger societal issues. Altogether, this highlights the importance of more empirical research to navigate and comprehend the regulatory challenges raised by deepfakes and to develop evidence-based countermeasures.