bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CORPORATIVISMO E NEOCORPORATIVISMO
Authors: Viscardi Cláudia M. R.
Published: August 2018

Resumo Este artigo faz uma reflexão sobre a produção recente acerca do corporativismo e busca não só identificar as balizas clássicas sobre as quais as discussões se apoiaram ao longo das décadas passadas, mas também propor uma reflexão a respeito das abordagens mais novas sobre o tema no Brasil e suas conexões com o debate internacional. O texto se divide em três partes. Na primeira, discute-se o conceito de corporativismo; na segunda, delineia-se o debate nacional; por fim, identifica-se a emergência de abordagens mais atuais e de redes de pesquisa organizadas em torno do tema. Foram priorizados artigos e capítulos de coletâneas para a redação do ensaio, obedecendo ao formato assumido pelas produções mais modernas.
Western Blot Protocol (Cell Lysate) and Creating Running Gel v1
Authors: J Wenzel Tyler
Published: August 2018

A basic Western Blot protocol that has been optimized specifically for cell lysates.
Derviş Zaim Sinemasında Anlatının Platformu Olarak Mekân: Anlatı, Sinemasal Gerilim ve Mekân İlişkisi
Authors: ÇAM Aydın
Published: August 2018

Bu çalışmada olayların, olguların, karakterlerin varoluşlarını bulduğu sahne ve
sinemasal eylemin gerçekleştiği platform olarak, Derviş Zaim filmlerindeki sinemasal
mekânlar değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışmada Derviş Zaim’in filmografisi biçimsel ve
bağlamsal yöntemlerle çözümlenmektedir. Bunun için yönetmenin filmleri, mekân
bağlamında planlarına ayrılmış, nicel veri elde edilmiş; bu veriler gerektiği yerde
tablolaştırılmış, şekil haline getirilmiş ya da görselleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen bu
veriden, bağlamsal çözümleme gerçekleştirilirken yararlanılmıştır. Bununla birlikte
yönetmenle gerçekleştirilen söyleşi ve görüşmeler içerik çözümlemesiyle nitel
verilere dönüştürülerek çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle yönetmenin
sinematografisinin öğeleri olarak sinemasal mekânlar biçimsel çözümlemeye
tabi tutularak yorumlanmıştır. Bunun ardından iç, dış ve ara mekânlar olarak
sınıflandırılan farklı mekân tipleri arasında kurgunun/montajın olanaklarıyla,
yönetmenin bir yandan sinemasal gerilimi yaratırken diğer yandan sinemasal anlamı
nasıl dönüştürdüğü yorumlanmıştır.
Derviş Zaim sinemasını mekân bağlamında değerlendiren bu çalışmada özetle şu
sonuca ulaşılmıştır: Derviş Zaim sinemasında mekân, film deviniminin asli öğesi ve
anlatının platformu olarak, anlatının devinimine denk bir biçimde kullanılmaktadır.
İç ve dış mekân geçişleriyle sinemasal anlatı zenginleştirilmekte ve mekân sadece
sinemasal anlatıya platform oluşturmakla kalmayarak bizatihi anlatıyı ileri taşıyan
sinemasal gerilimi oluşturmak için kullanılmaktadır. Yönetmen, iç ve dış mekânlar
arasındaki gerilimi öykünün gerilimine taşımaktadır. Gerilim bir yandan mekânları
birleştiren bir öğe haline gelirken mekân da hem gerilime hem de filmin anlatısına
bir platform teşkil etmektedir. Mekân, gerilim ve anlatı üçlü bir ilişki içinde ilerler.
FSRFT Based Broadband Double Matching via Passband Extremums Determination
Authors: KOPRU Ramazan
Published: August 2018

Fast simplified real frequency technique (FSRFT)
is a numerical solver used to solve microwave broadband double-matching (DM)
circuit design problems in a much faster and effective manner. Recently, it has
been reported that an FSRFT based Matlab code can complete the design of a  order
lowpass lumped element double matching network to match a given generator and
load impedance within an optimization time of only 0.6 seconds, a 47 fold less time
than that of the same design done using the classical simplified real frequency
technique (SRFT). FSRFT owes this superior speed performance to the fact that
it tracks only  (system
unknowns  plus 1) number
of passband extremum points selected from among the  number of
gain data (). This work introduces a simple numerical
technique called PED (passband extremums determination technique) to be used in
determination of these passband extremum points (PEs). An exemplary  order microwave
bandpass DM circuit design using FSRFT based Matlab (of Mathworks Inc.) code
and the simulation of this design via MWO (of AWR Corp.) has yielded the same
circuit performance with an exact agreement. Thus, FSRFT, equipped with the PED,
newly proposed hereby, might be used as a powerful solver in designing
broadband circuits in many fields such as RF/microwave, radar, and communications.
Cross Saturation Inductance Analysis of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: ERGENE Lale T. , İMERYÜZ Murat , EKİN Cihad
Published: August 2018

This paper presents the cross saturation
effect on a specially designed spoke type permanent magnet synchronous motor
(PMSM) for the sensorless vector control. The cross saturation effect becomes
very important where the sensorless control algorithm is used. Accurate flux
linkage modeling is required to obtain a satisfactory position estimation and
eventually minimum induced torque error. The magnetic saturation is the most
impacting parameters affecting the position error. Since the Ld and Lq
inductance difference is generally less than 5% in the spoke type PMSM, the
accurate estimation of the cross saturation is critical for the sensorless
vector control.  In this paper, the
designed PMSM has the Ld and Lq difference in 15% level even for the overload
capacity. So it is even possible to operate the motor in the transient modes
with the overload capacity by estimating right cross saturation effect with
certain time limits. The mapping of the inductances and efficiency are obtained
by using Finite element method and presented in the paper. Some experimental
results are also given such as efficiency and power-speed variation at the
constant torque.
Experimental Investigation of Refractive Index Measurement of Common Solvents and Aqueous Solutions in the Infrared Wavelengths
Authors: YÜKSEL ALDOĞAN Kıvılcım , İDE Cansu
Published: August 2018

We proposed and experimentally demonstrated a fast and simple technique to measure refractive index of liquids. A commercial Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) is implemented for interrogating sensor tips from a remote location. The system uses Fresnel reflected light from standard single mode fiber tips as sensing points without requiring any chemical coating, delicate fiber components, and/or sophisticated architecture at the sensor head.We reported new measurements of refractive indices of common solvents and solutions at both 1550 nm and 1625 nm. The measurement system precision was found to be of the order of 10-4. The experimental results have been validated by the way of theoretical calculations.
Cluster Concept in Enhancing the Marketing Capability of Light Engineering Industry of Bangladesh: A Comparative Study
Authors: Forkan Golam Mohammad
Published: August 2018

Though the Light Engineering industry occupies an important space within the Bangladeshi industrial domain, very few attempts of scholarly work to understand and improve the capabilities of this sub-sector has been undertaken in the past. Most of these problems of the sector can be grouped into two fronts: technological deficiencies and marketing inefficiencies. The technological deficiencies are outside the purview of this research, while the marketing challenges are at the center of the research. The objective of this research is to compare perception of different groups of light engineering small enterprises to enhancement of marketing capability through cluster concept. As per the methodology, the first stage of this research comprised of an exploratory research component. The second stage of this research was a conclusive research, where the insights gained from exploratory research were verified. Sampling technique was quota sampling under non-probability sampling. Sample size was 60 representing all the groups. ANOVA test was used to compare perception of different groups of light engineering small businesses. After analysis of variance and F test of all the questions for groups from three dimensions, it was found that perception to enhancement of marketing capability through cluster concept of groups from two dimensions (assets value and number of employee) is positive and variation is also insignificant, i.e., most of the hypotheses are null. Overall perception of groups from another dimension (type of activity) is also positive but variation is significant, i.e., two third hypotheses are null and one third hypotheses are alternative.
Effects of Relationship Marketing on Customer Retention and Competitive Advantage: A Case Study on Grameen Phone Ltd.
Authors: Rahman S M Asif Ur , Masoom Muhammad Rehan
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate whether Relationship Marketing (RM) creates competitive advantage and retains customers for businesses. In order to evaluate RM practices in Grameen Phone (GP), two hundred and sixty five respondents were surveyed. Findings show that GP has been applying RM successfully, consequently retaining customers and achieving competitive advantage. However, GP should emphasize on internal marketing practices and on enhancing employee satisfaction and customer care.
The Role of Self-esteem and Optimism in Job Satisfaction among Teachers of Private Universities in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Mozumdar Arifa
Published: August 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate the role of self- esteem and optimism in job satisfaction among teachers of private universities in Bangladesh. The measuring instruments used in this study were: 1. Self-Esteem Scale (SES) (Rosenberg’s, 1965) for measuring self-esteem. 2. Life Orientation Test (LOT) (Scheier& Carver, 1985) for measuring Optimism. 3. Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) (Spector, 1985) for measuring job satisfaction. According to the objective of the present study the obtain data were analysed using Pearson product moment correlation. The survey results revealed that self-esteem and optimism is significantly positively correlated with teacher’s job satisfaction.
Empowerment: Doctor vs Nurses
Authors: Akter Silvia
Published: August 2018

This paper aims to see the levels of empowerment exist in the private hospital in Dhaka city, considering the case of doctors and nurses. A small sample of 40 respondents from the two private hospitals was chosen randomly. The theories of empowerment are discussed and the results are analyzed in respect to the theories which shows that doctors are more empowered than the nurses.
Issues and Challenges of Non-Bank Financial Institutions in Bangladesh
Authors: Hassan Md. Rizwan
Published: August 2018

The article examines the issues and challenges faced by non-bank financial institutions in Bangladesh. At present the main concern of NBFIs of Bangladesh is collecting fund for investment at a lower cost. Due to current liquidity crisis of banks, it became difficult for them to have funds at a reasonable cost. Other issues stem from severe competition from banks, volatile stock market, and lack of trained human resource and absence of secondary market for loan products. It is suggested that NBFIs have to search for alternative and low cost source of funds, find appropriate way to diversify their product in a manner attractive to people and restrict their investment in low-risk project.
Etiology and clinical profile of COPD in non-smoker in urban area
Authors: Pazare Amar R. , Mehta Pankti K.
Published: August 2018

Background: Smoking is established as a causative risk factor for COPD as early as 1950. However, in the past decade it is shown that, other risk factors like indoor and outdoor air pollutants, workplace exposure to dust and fumes, poor nourishment and poor socioeconomic status are also associated with COPD. COPD is a disease associated poor quality of life due to recurrent exacerbations. Till to date focus has been on smoking as a risk factor for COPD, but other factors also need to be taken into consideration.Methods: Study was conducted in 60 eligible patients from urban area for a period of 18 months. Individual patient was asked detailed personal demographic data, respiratory symptoms, exposure to passive smoking, family history of COPD. Detailed physical examination including Anthropometric measurements and other relevant general and systemic examination was carried out. Biochemical investigations, ECG, Chest X-ray, CT chest, spirometry and 2D echocardiography were carried out in all patients.Results: The mean age of the patient was 65.7±7.95 with male preponderance. Common symptoms were dyspnea and cough and common signs were rhonchi and hyper resonance note on percussion. Common risk factors were indoor air pollution and low socioeconomic class. Most of the patients has hypoxia and hypercapnia. X-ray chest and CT chest showed hyperinflation, air trapping. Majority of patients had moderate FEV/FVC ratio on spirometry.Conclusions: Non-smoker COPD patients usually present in old age. Common presentation is dyspnea followed by cough and rhonchi on examination. Most common risk factor for non- smoker COPD is indoor air pollution, low socioeconomic class and cotton mill workers. Amongst indoor pollution, LPG, kerosene and wood are the risk factors for non-smokers COPD in urban population.
Day time sleepiness in medical undergraduates: social media the culprit?
Authors: Lakshmi Vijaya , Jindal Manisha , Nanda Bijli
Published: August 2018

Background: Medical undergraduates have been seen to be suffering from sleep disturbances, especially daytime sleepiness. Social Media usage or social networking has also tremendously increased over the past few years in adolescents. It has also increased in the day-to-day lives of medical students. Authors therefore tried to find out the association, if any, between social Media usage and daytime sleepiness in medical undergraduates and whether daytime sleepiness can affect their academic performance. The objective of the present study was to ascertain the association between daytime sleepiness and usage of social media among medical students and to look for any association of daytime sleepiness with academic performance.Methods: A self-administered, questionnaire-based study was conducted on medical undergraduate students to assess social media usage. Epworth sleepiness score was determined. ‘Analysis of variance’ was done to look for any association between (a) social media usage and daytime sleepiness (b) daytime sleepiness and academic performance.Results: The majority of students (77.14%) used social media for 2-5hours per day and whatsapp was the most commonly used medium by them. Highly significant association was observed between the usage of social media and daytime sleepiness among the medical undergraduates. Daytime sleepiness was also significantly related to the academic performance of the participating students.Conclusions: Sleep disturbance particularly daytime sleepiness is significantly associated with the usage of social media among first year medical undergraduates and can significantly affect their academic performance.
Our experience of clinico-pathological study of thyroid swelling
Authors: Kirdak Vilas R. , Chintale Sambhaji G. , Jatale Sonali P. , Shaikh Kaleem A.
Published: August 2018

Background: Diseases of thyroid gland are extremely common. Majority of palpable thyroid swellings are asymptomatic occurs in 5% of the population. The main objective of present study is to know the accuracy of FNAC in preoperative diagnosis of clinically palpable thyroid swelling and evaluate the efficiency of FNAC, USG, and TFT in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid swelling and their confirmation by histopathological reports after operation.

Methods: This prospective study is carried out in 120 cases of thyroid swelling attending to the ENT opd at our hospital. Pearson chi square test used as statistical tool to analyse the data. All patients informed written consent taken. The patients are subjected to detailed history with thorough clinical examination, pathological and radiological investigation. FNAC, USG and TFT were done in each case. The result of FNAC was interpreted.  

Results: The present study includes 120 cases. All patient examined clinically, pathologically and radiological. The common age group of presentation of thyroid swelling is between second to fourth decade. Youngest patient is of 15 yrs. old and oldest is being 68 yrs of age. All 120 cases were evaluated preoperatively and provisional diagnosis was made on the basis of FNAC, TFT and USG. 111 Cases were operated out of total 120 cases. So, the overall accuracy of FNAC in comparisons to HPR is 99.15% with no false positive reports.

Conclusions: The overall incidence of the malignancy in thyroid swelling varies from 10% to 30% according to various studies, in our study the overall incidence of malignancy in thyroid swelling was 5.8%. High index of suspicion should be kept in mind during physical examination for detection of malignancy. FNAC should be done in all cases preoperatively FNAC is safe procedure and cost effective.

 
Polymorphisms of Catechol-O-Methyl Transferase (COMT) Gene in Vulnerability to Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia
Authors: Ivanova Svetlana A. , Alifirova Valentina M. , Pozhidaev Ivan V. , Freidin Maxim B. , Zhukova Irina A. , Osmanova Diana Z. , Zhukova Natalia G. , Mironova Yulia A. , Tiguntsev Vladimir V. , Fedorenko Olga Yu. , Bokhan Nikolay A. , Wilffert Bob , Loonen Anton J.M.
Published: August 2018

Purpose. Parkinson's disease (PD), a common neurodegenerative disorder, is usually treated with Levodopa (L-DOPA). The use of this drug, however, is severely limited by the development of side effects of the motor system: Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). The aim of this study is to investigate the association between seven COMT gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the development of LID in patients with PD. Methods. 232 Caucasian patients with PD were investigated. 212 patients with PD received Levodopa therapy. Dyskinesia was assessed with the use of the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS).  Genotyping was carried out on seven SNPs of the COMT gene (rs4680, rs6269, rs4633, rs4818, rs769224, rs165774, rs174696) using a real-time PCR method, and blind to the clinical status of the subjects. Results. We found association between four SNPs, rs165774, rs4818, rs4633, rs4680, and LID. When the duration of disease was added as a covariate in regression analysis, however, the results did not reach statistical significance. Only the additive model for rs165774 was found to be close to be statistical significance (OR = 1.627 [0.976–2.741], permutation p = 0.057). Conclusions. The results failed to clearly support a contribution of the studied polymorphisms; this may be related to a dominant relationship with the disease duration confounding the effect on the prevalence of LID.
Ensayo de micronúcleos en células exfoliadas de la mucosa bucal en estudiantes de los programas de salud de la sede de Bucaramanga de la Universidad de Santander UDES
Authors: León Francisco Javier , Orlandoni Merli Giampaolo , Bernal Luna Yenny Carolina , Plazas Rey Lisette Katherine , Pérez Forero Viviana Lucia
Published: August 2018

Introducción: El consumo de cigarrillo es un factor de riesgo común en seis de las ocho causas principales de mortalidad en el mundo como son las enfermedades cerebrovasculares y de vías respiratorias inferiores. A consecuencia de esta adicción a nivel mundial se proyectan 8,3 millones de muertes en 2030. La mucosa oral posee un epitelio estratificado con elevada capacidad proliferativa, lo que lo hace vulnerable al daño a nivel genético si está expuesta al humo de cigarrillo, el cual contiene sustancias carcinogénicas (hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos, benceno, entre otros). Objetivo: Clasificar el daño genotóxico por exposición al humo y consumo de tabaco en células de la mucosa bucal en estudiantes de los programas de salud del campus de Bucaramanga de la Universidad de Santander. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal realizado el primer semestre del 2016. Muestra: citología exfoliativa de la mucosa bucal. Prueba micronúcleos: se siguió el procedimiento descrito por Titenko-Holland et al. (1996). Resultados: La muestra estuvo conformada por 32 (54,2%) estudiantes del sexo masculino y 27 (45,8%) del sexo femenino. Se encontró que 26 (44,1%) de los estudiantes de la población eran fumadores y 33 (55,9%) no lo eran. Los micronúcleos se hallaron en 3 (5,1%) muestras de las cuales dos eran fumadores. Las células binucleadas se encontraron en 26 muestras (44,1%) y con cariolisis en 28 (47,5%). Conclusiones: Se pretende implementar la prueba de micronúcleos la cual podrá ser empleada en estudios del riesgo laboral donde la exposición a residuos peligrosos y mutagénicos es constante.
TÜRKİYE'DEKİ SURİYELİLERİN VE SURİYELİ GİRİŞİMCİLERİN DİASPORA YAKLAŞIMLARI BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ - EVALUATION OF SYRIANS AND SYRIAN ENTREPRENEURS IN TURKEY ON CONTEXT OF DIASPORA APPROACHES
Authors: KAYALAR Murat , YILDIZ Savaş
Published: August 2018

Bugünkü anlamında diaspora kavramının varlığından söz edebilmek insanlık tarihi kadar eski olan göç kavramının varlığına bağlıdır. Tarihsel süreç içinde yaşanan gelişmeler ve değişmeler diaspora kavramının geçmişteki klasik dar anlamından sıyrılarak daha kapsamlı bir anlama sahip olmasına imkan vermiştir. Günümüzde hem klasik diaspora yaklaşımına hem de modern diaspora yaklaşımına uyan örneklere rastlamak mümkündür. 2010 yılında Tunus’ta başlayan Arap Baharı yüzyılın en önemli göç olaylarından birisine neden olmuştur. Arap Baharı’nın etkisiyle milyonlarca Suriyeli başta Türkiye olmak üzere farklı ülkelere göç etmek zorunda kalmışlardır. Resmi kaynaklara göre bugün Türkiye’de 3,5 milyon civarında Suriyeli sığınmacı vardır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’deki Suriyeliler ve Suriyeli girişimciler diaspora yaklaşımları açsısından değerlendirilmiştir. Var olan bilgiler ve elde edilen bulgulara göre Türkiye’deki Suriyelilerin ve Suriyeli girişimcilerin Klasik Diaspora Yaklaşımına örnek oluşturdukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
KATOLİK KİLİSESİ’NDE GELENEK ANLAYIŞI
Authors: ÇOBAN BEKİR ZAKİR
Published: August 2018

Birçok dinde yazılı ve sözlü gelenek biçiminde bir ayırım
söz konusudur. Kutsal metinler yazılı kaynağı oluştururken sözlü gelenek de
onun yanında önemli bir otorite olarak anlaşılmaktadır. Bu anlamda Gelenek,
Katolik Kilisesi için en önemli dinî kavramlardan biridir. Bu kavram bir
taraftan Kilise’nin vahiy anlayışı ile diğer yandan ise kutsal metinler ve
Kilise otoritesi ile yakından ilişkilidir. Bu makalenin temel amacı farklı
yönleriyle Katolik Kilisesinde Gelenek kavramının nasıl anlaşıldığını ve ilgili
tartışmaları incelemektir. Çalışmada öncelikle kavramın farklı yönleri,
tarihsel olarak ön plana çıkması, Kilise metinlerinde ne şekilde yer aldığı ele
alınmıştır. Akabinde modern dönemde gelenek kavramı üzerindeki tartışmalar
değerlendirilmiştir.
EĞİTİMİN DOĞASI VE DİN EĞİTİMİ: GÜNÜMÜZDE DİN ALANINDA EĞİTİMLİ OLMANIN ANLAMI
Authors: CEYLAN Yusuf
Published: August 2018

Bu makalede eğitimin doğası eğitim felsefesi bakımında ele alınmış ve
din eğitimi anlayışına yansımaları değerlendirilmiştir. Eğitimin doğası gereği
değer yargısına dayandığı, iyiye yönelik olduğu, hem kültürel hem de bireysel
anlamda mevcut seviyenin üzerinde bir gelişim sağlaması gerektiği, öğrenme ve gelişimin
odak noktası olduğu tartışılarak din eğitiminde bu ilkelere bağlı eğitimsel
kriterler belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca günümüzde din alanında eğitimli
olmanın ne anlama geldiği irdelenmiş ve değişen bilgi, insan anlayışı
çerçevesinde bu alanda eğitim alan bireylerin hangi özellikleri kazanması
gerektiği incelenmiştir.
MU’TEZİLE KELÂMINDA BİR HAK EDİŞ OLARAK İVAZIN İLAHÎ VE İNSANÎ YÖNÜ
Authors: MARAZ Hüseyin
Published: August 2018

Elem, insanoğlunun idrak ettiği ve şahit olduğu bir duygudur. Öyle ki insan
dünyada, sebepleri farklı birçok acı ve felakete tanık olmaktadır. İlahi
kaynaklı hastalık, sakatlık, musibetlerin yanı sıra hemcinsinin etkin olduğu
zulüm ve haksızlıklara da maruz kalmaktadır. Kuşkusuz bütün bunların adli ilahî
gereği bir karşılığı olmalıdır. Elemleri iyi yapan bu bedel, Mu’tezile
teolojisinde ivaz olarak ifade edilmektedir. Kulun Allah üzerinde veya kulun
kul üzerinde bir hakkı olarak ivaz, Mu’tezilî düşüncede Allah’a tazmini vacip
olan bir fiildir. Zulüm ve elemin bedelinin ödenmesi ve yapılan kötülüğün
kimsenin yanına kar kalmaması, kötülüğün ontolojik, bireysel ve sosyolojik
varlığına dair makul bir izahtır.
DİN EĞİTİMİNE PRAGMATİST BİR YAKLAŞIM
Authors: CEYLAN Yusuf
Published: August 2018

Bu makalede, pragmatist görüşler taşıyan din eğitimi

yaklaşımı ve onu savunan eğitimcilerin fikirleri ele alınmıştır. Söz konusu

yaklaşımın din eğitimi anlayışı, bu anlayışın temellendiği eğitim paradigması

ile bilgi ve öğrenme konusundaki belli başlı varsayımları

değerlendirilmektedir. Bu yaklaşımda din eğitiminin hedefi olarak bilgi yerine

tecrübe merkeze alınmaktadır. İnsanın varoluşunda bilgiden çok tecrübenin etkin

olduğu savunularak kişilik gelişimi açısından tecrübelere öğretim sürecinde

daha fazla önem verilmektedir. Anti-pozitivist karakterde dönüşümcü bir eğitim

anlayışına sahip söz konusu yaklaşımda bilgi ve öğrenmeyle ilgili pragmatist

kabullerin yanında kişilikle ilgili varsayımlarında postmodernist izler

görülmektedir. Makalenin ilk bölümünde yeni din eğitimi yaklaşımlarının

sosyo-kültürel ve pedagojik arka planı; ikinci bölümde bu yaklaşımın felsefî

temelde bilgi ile ilgili varsayımları ve son bölümde de ona yöneltilen

eleştirilere yer verilmiştir. 
TÜRK-İSLÂM EDEBİYATINDA GÜL SEMBOLÜ VE GÜL HAKKINDAKİ UYDURMA RİVAYETLERLE İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: ÇAP Sabri
Published: August 2018

Türk-İslâm

Edebiyatı’nda na’t, mevlid, hilye, mi‘râcnâme gibi bazı türler Hz. Peygamber’i

doğrudan konu edinmiş ve bu eserlerde âyet ve hadislere de yer verilmiştir.

Edebiyat ve sanatta sevgi, aşk, güzellik gibi pek çok soyut kavram sembollerle

dile getirilmiştir. Bu sembollerden biri olan gül ise diğerlerine göre oldukça

geniş bir kullanım alanına sahiptir. Edebiyat ve sanatta birçok sembolik anlamı

yanında gül, Hz. Peygamber’i veya Hz. Peygamber gülü sembolize etmektedir. Bu

husus dile getirilirken bazen açıkça veya telmih yoluyla gül hakkındaki uydurma

rivayetler de referans olarak zikredilmiştir. Bu makalede edebiyatta gülün Hz.

Peygamber’le ilişkisinin söz konusu rivayetlerle ilgisi ve rivayetlerin bu

düşünceye etkisinin olup olmadığı ele alınacaktır.
ARNAVUTLUK’TA OSMANLI DÖNEMİNDE (XV-XVII. YÜZYILLARDA) MÜSLÜMANLAR İLE HIRİSTİYANLARIN BİRLİKTE YAŞAMA TECRÜBESİ
Authors: RRUGA İlir
Published: August 2018

Dünyanın önde gelen dinlerinden olan İslâmiyet ve Hıristiyanlık, Arnavutluk

bölgesinde birbiriyle ilk temaslarından itibaren bir arada yaşama imkânı

bulmuştur. Osmanlı hâkimiyeti içerisinde olduğu XV-XVII. yüzyıllarda

Arnavutların dinî inanç panoramasına bakıldığında Hıristiyan ve Müslüman nüfus

oranının birbirine yakın bir görüntüye sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Özellikle

Batı’da olmak üzere dünyanın farklı yerlerinde etnik, dinî, mezhepsel vb.

nedenlerden dolayı meydana gelen çatışmalar sonucu binlerce kişinin hayatını

kaybettiği o dönemde, Arnavutluk’ta yaşayan halk birbirine son derece saygı ve

sevgi göstererek ve hoşgörüde bulunarak birlik ve beraberlik içerisinde

yaşamıştır. Öyle ki birbirlerine acı ve mutlu günlerinde ziyarette bulunmaları,

din adamları arasındaki samimi ilişkiler, verilen tımarı paylaşmaları, aynı

ailede hem Hıristiyan hem de Müslüman kişilerin bulunması şeklindeki ticarî ve

sosyo-kültürel ilişkiler adeta birbirini tamamlayan bir portreyi

anımsatmaktadır.

Dolayısıyla Arnavut diyarlarında görülen bu farklı dinlere inananlar

arasındaki uyum ve hoşgörünün dünyaya örnek teşkil ettiği söylenebilir.
İSLAM HUKÛKUNDA CİNSEL DOKUNULMAZLIĞA KARŞI İŞLENEN HETK-İ IRZ (TECAVÜZ) SUÇUNUN CEZASI VE KUR’AN CEZA İLKELERİ AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRMESİ
Authors: YILDIRIM Adem
Published: August 2018

İnsan bedenine karşı işlenen en ağır suçlardan biri hetk-i

ırz (tecavüz) suçudur. İslam hukuku tecavüz suçunu müstakil bir suç türü olarak

değil, zina suçu kapsamında ele almıştır. Tecavüz fiiline ceza müeyyidesi

olarak had cezası öngörmüştür. Aynı zamanda faile birtakım tazminatlar da

yüklemiştir.

Bu suça Osmanlı kanunnamelerinde ağırlaştırılmış bir ceza

müeyyidesi olarak hadım cezası öngörülmüştür. Hadım cezası Tanzimatla birlikte

yerini hapis cezasına bırakmıştır. Türk Ceza Hukuku’nda tecavüz fiili müstakil

bir suç türü olarak değil, cinsel dokunulmazlığa karşı suçlar başlığı altında

mütalaa edilmiştir. Günümüzde bazı Avrupa devletleri tecavüz suçuna Osmanlı

kanunnamelerinde olduğu gibi hadım cezası vermektedir. Fakat Osmanlı

kanunnamelerindeki cerrahi hadım cezası, burada yerini kimyasal hadıma

bırakmıştır. Tecavüze maruz kalan mağdurun düştüğü zor durum dikkate

alındığında, Osmanlı Kanunnamelerinde olduğu gibi bu suçun cezası cerrâhî

kastrasyon (hadım) olmalıdır. Kur’an ceza ilkeleri dikkatlice incelendiğinde

tecavüz suçunun cezasının cerrâhî kastrasyon olması gerektiği savunulabilir. 
(بلاغةُ الإبهامِ البَدِيعِيِّ في تَمْوِيهِ المَعْنَى (دراسةٌ بلاغيّةٌ في ضوءِ التّأويلِ
Authors: ALOMIRAT Suliman
Published: August 2018

يدرُسُ البحثُ بلاغةَ صَنْعَةٍ في علم البديعِ تُسمَّى
"الإبهام"؛ وهي أنْ يقولَ المتكلِّمُ البليغُ (عن قصدٍ) كلامًا يُفْهَمُ
بمعنيَينِ مُتضادَّينِ في الوقتِ نفسِه؛ بشرطِ ألّا يَتْرُكَ للمُتلقِّي قرينةً تُعينُه على ترجيحِ أحدِ المعنيَينِ
المتضادَّين.ويدرسُ الأساليبَ اللُّغويّةَ المتنوِّعةَ التي
يستخدمُها المتكلِّمُ البليغُ لصُنع الإبهام.ويتكلَّمُ أيضًا على مهارة التلقّي والتّأويل عندَ
المخاطَب الذي يتنبَّهُ إلى بلاغةِ الإبهام.

يبدأ البحثُ بتمهيدٍ، ثُمّ تعريفٍ لمصطلَح الإبهامِ،
ثُمّ يُورِدُ أمثلةً من الشِّعر والنّثر، ثُمّ خاتمة.
أثر نَزْعتَي التَّشَاؤمِ والتَّفَاؤُلِ فِي شِعْرِ إيليا أبِي مَاضِي
Authors: ÇAVUŞ M.Murtaza , SOLIMAN Abdelkarim A. M.
Published: August 2018

يُمثِّلُ الشَّاعرُ إيليا أبو ماضي شاعرُ المَهجرِ الأكبرُ حَالةً خاصَّةً

ومُمَيَّزَةً، ليسَ بينَ شُعَرَاءِ المَهجَرِ فقط، بَلْ بينَ شُعراءِ العربيَّةِ

قَاطِبَةً، فقد جمعَ الشَّاعِرُ بينَ نَزْعَةِ التَّشَاؤُمِ ونَقِيضِها التَّفَاؤلِ

جَمْعًا مَثَّلَ رَافِدًا من أَهَمِّ روافدِهِ الإبداعيّةِ، ومَلْمَحًا من أَبرَزِ

مَلامِحِهِ الفَنِيّةِ.وقد تناولتُ تلكَ المُفارقَةَ الإنسانيَّةَ والفنيَّةَ لَدَى الشَّاعرِ مِن

خلالِ العَرضِ التَّحْلِيليَّ والفَنِّيّ للتَّشاؤمِ وأسبابِهِ، والتَّفاؤلِ وأسبابِهِ

لدى الشَّاعرِ من خلال طرحِهِ الشّعريّ ذَاتِهِ مُستعينًا بآراء بعض النُّقادِ،

وتحليلِ ومُناقشةِ هذه الآراءِ.

وقد كانَ مَرجِعي الأوّلُ في هذا التَّحليلِ وتلكَ المُناقشاتِ هو أشعارُ

الشَّاعرِ، لإيماني بأنَّ شِعرَ الشَّاعرِ هو الطَّريقَةُ المُثلى، والوثيقةُ

الصّادقةُ، والمرآةُ المُستَويةُ التِّي ُيُمكِنُ أنْ نرى الشَّاعِر بِواسطتِها،

والحقَّ أنَّ أبا ماضي كشاعر كبيرٍ جاءت أشعارُهُ سِجلًّا وافيًا لِمَسِيرةِ

حَيَاتِهِ، وعرضًا واضحًا وبيِّنًا لِجُمْلَةِ أفكارِهِ وقضاياهُ الشَّخْصيَّةِ

والقوميَّةِ والإنسانيّةِ، وكتابًا شَامِلاً لِتَوجُّهِهِ ومُعتنقِهِ الفِكْرِيّ

والفلسفيّ.
EARLY MUSLIM RELATIONS WITH INDUS VALLEY AND THE EXPEDITIONS DURING THE GUIDED CALIPHATE PERIOD
Authors: RAHMAN Zabihur , KOÇYİĞİT Tahsin
Published: August 2018

The glorious past of the Indus valley has experienced
a settlement of the civilization that was at its peak in the era before Christ.
People had developed societies living with peace and prosperity. However, time
changed and the decline of Indus valley civilization occurred. After that, up
to the middle of the 7th century A.D many other nations came and
captured the area. It is being perceived as a common concept that Islam came into the Indus valley by the conquest of
Muhammad bin Qasim(d.96/715) at the
beginning of 8th century during the Umayyad period and started
spreading in the region with the effort of Sufi saints. But literature presents
some evidence on the presence of Islam in
Indus valley even before Muhammad bin Qasim. The purpose of this study is to
find out the entrance and existence of Islam in Indus valley during the domination
of the Guided Caliphate. To support the claim and analyze the issue the study
follows the contemporary as well as the main Arabic sources of Islamic history.
It has been found that, with the expansion of the Islamic state, the religion of Islam had also spread up to its vast
boundaries along the cardinal directions. However, due to many unsuccessful
military expeditions caused by the unfair policies and wrong strategies towards
local masses, the impact of the spread went unnoticed. On the contrary, Muhammad
bin Qasim was fair enough to the local people and gave them respect as well as high-rank positions in his administration
resulting in his quick and comprehensive conquest of the region. It shows that
Islam itself and the assimilation potential of people towards it was already
there which became a part of Muhammad bin Qasim success in the region.
Análisis estructural de un área agroforestal en una porción del matorral xerófilo del noreste de México
Authors: Alanis Rodriguez Eduardo , Valdecantos Dema Alejandro , Canizales Velázquez Pamela Anabel , Collantes Chavez-Acosta Alejandro , Rubio Camacho Ernesto , Mora Olivo Arturo
Published: August 2018

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Los estudios de comunidades vegetales permiten conocer los impactos causados por las actividades agrícolas y pecuarias, especialmente en las zonas áridas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue contrastar la diversidad, composición y estructura de los estratos arbóreo y arbustivo de tres áreas (Agroforestal, Regenerada y Referencia) del matorral xerófilo.Métodos: Se establecieron tres áreas con cuatro sitios de muestreo de 1600 m2 cada una, elegidos al azar, en donde se censaron y registraron los individuos arbóreos y arbustivos. En cada área se calcularon parámetros ecológicos, así como los índices de Shannon y Margalef.Resultados clave: Considerando las tres áreas, se registró un total de 25 especies de plantas vasculares pertenecientes a 22 géneros y 15 familias. Fabaceae fue la familia mejor representada con nueve especies, siendo el género Acacia el que tuvo un mayor número (tres). Los valores de riqueza de especies, el índice de Shannon, índice de Margalef y abundancia, entre el área Referencia y Agroforestal, fueron similares, y en ambos los resultados fueron significativamente mayores que los valores del área Regenerada. El área Agroforestal presentó menor abundancia pero mayor dominancia comparada con las otras dos áreas estudiadas y fue el área que alcanzó el mayor porcentaje de similitud con el área de Referencia.Conclusiones: La actividad Agroforestal contribuye en cierta manera con el mantenimiento de la diversidad y la composición de plantas vasculares del matorral espinoso tamaulipeco estudiado; y dicha actividad no permite cambiar en gran medida la composición y estructura de este tipo de vegetación.
An approach to identify soil types by using hydraulic conductivity values
Authors: Kusuma Maritha Nilam , Hadi Wahyono , Wirjodirdjo Budisantoso , Yulfiah Yulfiah
Published: August 2018

Water treatment in Indonesia still uses coagulant to reduce the contaminant. Therefore, an infiltration gallery is required as the pre-treatment before conventional water treatment conducted. Infiltration gallery is a natural technology for absorbing or filtrating the contaminant. The hydraulic conductivity plays the main role in soil filtration. There are many types of soil with different hydraulic conductivities. In infiltration gallery method it is important to identify the hydraulic conductivity value as the preliminary analysis because it is the important indicator to show the ability of soil to flow the water from one side to other sides when filtrating the contaminant. The slower the conductivity is, the better the quality of the water will be. The method used in this study was the Constant head Permeameter. The result of this study shows that the same type of soil type has different hydraulic conductivities.
The optimization of water network model in the central of Demak District
Authors: Rezagama Arya , Sutrisno Endro , Susilo Joko , Tommy Ervando , Lovely Nosa Ajulva
Published: August 2018

Demak Waterwork Company (DWC) has served 21,178 customers with the capacity flow of 159.33 l/s. The capacity was predicted to reach 300 l/s or double in in 2027. The Water Distribution Networks (WDN) was developed in a large zonation, but the water supply to the customer was not well managed. Low pressure especially at peak hours, the level of leakage, and the difficulty to detect leakage are water supply problems should be solved by WDN. The objectives of this study are forecasting the demand for drinking water in the 2036 and designing a zoning system to meet future needs of drinking water. This study applied Epanet Modelling to simulate the water network system in existing and predicted condition. The result show that the characteristics of pipes, pipe materials and pipe size based on the load of drinking water should be considered for pipe replacement. Some developmental strategies e.g. improving the capacity, establishing zones, and resizing the pump capacity improve the reliability and efficiency of the water distribution network. The pressure model resulted in sufficient value to supply the whole area of more than 0.5 bar in service pipe.
Effect of 1972 Devaluation on Pakistan's Balance of Trade
Authors: Kemal A. R. , Alvie Zahira
Published: August 2018

In most of the developing economies, a rapid growth of G.N.P.
invariably implies a larger import bill. Capital goods necessary for
development have to be imported and a higher level of income in turn
implies an increase in the import of consumption goods. On the other
hand, demand for primary goods, which are main exports of developing
countries, is inelastic. Moreover, the develop¬ing countries face
serious problems in selling their manufactured products in the world
market, partly due to their relatively inefficient industrial structure
and partly due to the restrictive import policies of the developed
countries. This results in a deficit in the balance of payments of many
developing countries. To meet the deficit, import restrictions and
export encouragement policies are followed instead of devaluation, which
is resisted on both economic and non- economic grounds. This study has
as its objective an analysis of the effects of the: devaluation of
Pakistani rupee in May 1972, which changed the par value of Pakistan's
rupee from Rs. 4.76 to Rs. 11.00 per U.S. dollar. Prior to the 1972
devaluation, imports were restricted through tariffs and quotas. In
addition, certain pro¬ducts could be imported only under bonus and
cash-cum-bonus lists. On the other hand, exports were encouraged through
Export Bonus Scheme, Pay-As- You-Earn Scheme, and similar other
incentives. These measures led to a multiple exchange rate regime. These
measures may have had some beneficial effects in the short run but as
Soligo and Stern [26] have shown over the long run, they led to a
misallocation of resources. Pakistan devalued her currency in May 1972,
as stated by the then Minister of Finance in his speech, to end the flow
of foreign exchange abroad, stop over invoicing of imports and under
invoicing of exports, correct the misallocation of resources, curb
uneconomic import
Redistribution with Growth. By Hollis Chenery, Montek S.
Ahluwalia, C.L.G. Bell, John H. Duloy and Richard Jolly. London: Oxford
University Press. 1974. (Published for the World Bank's Development
Research Centre and the Institute of Development Studies at the
University of Sussex) 304 pp.Price £ Stg. 1.40.
Authors: Kema A. R. l
Published: August 2018

In the first development decade of the Third World countries,
the growth of the GNP has been beyond the expectations of their policy
makers. However, the very idea of growth is debatable mainly because of
the neglect of the dis¬tribution aspect. It is realised that without
redistribution policies, one-third of the Third World population would
not benefit from growth. Does equitable distribution mean lower growth?
Is it possible to achieve both an equitable distribution and a growth of
the GNP simultaneously? How should a policy package for redistribution
be prepared so that it has the least depressing effect on growth? What
problem does a developing country face in adopting redis¬tribution
policies ? The book under review attempts to answer these questions. The
general theme of the book is that distributional objectives should be
treated as an integral part of the overall development strategy. The
book, which consists of 13 chapters contributed singly or jointly by the
authors (the only outsider being D.C. Rao who has contributed Chapter
VII), is divided into three parts, namely: Reorientation of Policy,
Quantification and Modeling, and Annex and Bibliography. The first eight
chapters are devoted to Reorien¬tation of Policy while the remaining
five chapters are devoted to Quantification and Modeling. The Annex
gives the experiences of India, Cuba, Tanzania, Sri Lanka, South Korea
and Taiwan with redistribution and growth. A com¬prehensive bibliography
completes the book.
Development Financing under Constraints: A Decade of African
Development Bank. By Ime Ekop Ebong. Bonn-Bad Godesberg: Verlag Neue
Sesellschaft GmbH. 1974. 172 pp.(special Issue No. 8 of the
Vierteljahresberichte.)
Authors: Behzad M.A.
Published: August 2018

Development Financing under Constraints, as the author himself
puts it, is 'aimed to recapitulate the spirit in which the African
Development Bank was founded, describe how it later functioned and why
it functioned the way it did'. The study is an excellent attempt to
highlight economic cooperation and integ¬ration and to discuss its
rationale in view of the given constraints. The main idea behind the
establishment of an institution, like the African Develop¬ment Bank
(ADB), was necessarily an 'all-African Investment Bank' to promote
development projects. The newly independent nations of Africa, lacking
as they are in the basic infrastructure, are beset with difficulties in
surviving as economically viable units. As such, the need for a pooling
of resources and for technical know-how is particularly
imperative
Fiscal and Monetary Policy for Internal and External
Stabilization Under Fixed and Floating Rates in the Presence of Capital
Movements
Authors: Bhatia Rattan J.
Published: August 2018

The effect of fiscal and monetary stabilization policies has
been exten¬sively discussed, notably by Mundell [4,5] and Fleming [1].
Mundell discussed the problem under the special assumption of a perfect
interest-elastic mobility of international capital flows, but Fleming
assumed a less than perfect capital mobility. Mundell contends that
"fiscal policy completely loses its force as a domestic stabilizer when
the exchange rate is allowed to fluctuate," while monetary policy will
have appreciable effects on employment and output. Under fixed exchange
rates, on the other hand, monetary policy is shown by Mundell to be
ineffective while any positive effects of fiscal policy would be
conditional upon the country being able to sustain large trade deficits
by either borrowing abroad or running down its accumulated international
reserves. Fleming also demonstrates that the expansionary effects of
monetary policy will be greater under floating exchange rates than under
fixed rates and that it is uncertain whether the effects of fiscal
policy will be less or more expansionary under floating rates than under
fixed rates. In all but extreme cases, monetary policy is shown to exert
a more expansionary influence under floating rates.
A Consistent Series of National Accounts for East and West
Pakistan: 1949-50 to 1969-70
Authors: Naseem S. M.
Published: August 2018

The need for a consistent series of national income and
related aggregates for East and West Pakistan, which are now separate
countries, has been felt for a long time. Both the availability of data
and the lack of willingness to make certain assumptions about the
"controversial" items of income and expenditure have stood in the way of
deriving such a series. Fortunately, however, the controversial items do
not form a very significant part of the total and making alternative
assumptions about the distribution does not change the pattern of growth
of the different aggregates. The value and need for the series in the
present context arises not so much for comparing the relative
performance of the two economies at different points of time, but their
rate of growth in the past. In this paper, we are presenting estimates
of GDP at constant factor cost for East and West Pakistan from the years
1949-50 to 1969-70. From 1959-60 to 1969-70, it is also possible to
present estimates of GNP at market prices and the distribution of GNP by
expenditure categories, both at current and constant prices. In the
first section we describe the method for obtaining GDP at constant
factor cost from 1949-50 to 1969-70. In the second section, the
methodology of obtaining GNP at market prices, current and constant, for
1959-60 to 1969-70 is presented. In the next section, we discuss the
methodology of deriving the different national expenditure aggregates
for 1959-60 to 1969-70.
Empirical Problems of Effective Rates of Protection: An
Evaluation of Past Experience
Authors: Rabenau Kurt V.
Published: August 2018

During the last 10 years a number of articles have been
published on the concept of effective protection. Most of them were
concerned with theoretical aspects of effective rates of protection
(ERPs) in the usual neoclassical framework. There¬fore, practitioners
had little help from this literature when they wanted to use the basic
ERP formula on a more complex world and with limited data supply. The
insufficient discussion on -the empirical problems might be the main
reason, ex¬plaining why the results of actual calculations of ERPs are
hardly comparable. Anyway, in nearly every empirical investigation that
I know of, a different formula has been used [see 1,2,3,5,6,12,14,16,17
and 23]. Because the concept of effective protection has in the meantime
been established as a major tool for analyzing the resource allocation
of primary factors between industries and the resource costs of
producing one unit of domestic currency if output and inputs are valued
at free trade prices it would be worth-while to discuss the major
empirical problems of ERPs in order to bring about comparability between
future results.
Shifting of Indirect Taxes: A Further Study
Authors: Naqvi Bilquees F.
Published: August 2018

Indirect taxes—customs duties, sales tax, excise duty and
export duty -are an important source of revenue to the Government of
Pakistan. These taxes may be changed to bring about changes in
production structure and consumption patterns. However, in the case of
Pakistan, changes in sales tax and excise duty in particular seem to
have been brought about mainly for revenue purposes. In¬direct taxes
accounted for 64 percent of the total revenue receipts of the federal
Government of Pakistan in the year 1972-73 [ 4 ]. The contribution of
indirect taxes to the revenue receipts of the federal government shows
some fluctuations, but over all, the share cf indirect taxes does not
show any definite trend. Whereas the share of indirect taxes in total
revenue receipts is almost constant, there have been important changes
in the revenue receipts from different indirect taxes, e.g. sales tax,
excise tax and import duties. In the early fifties, excise and sales
taxes accounted for 15 percent of the revenue receipts, but they
contributed as much as 27 percent of the revenue in the seventies. This
shows that sales and excise taxes are emerging as important sources of
revenue to the federal Government of Pakistan. In view of the growing
importance of indirect taxes in Pakistan it will be instructive to
determine who will bear the burden of taxes. Shifting or non-shifting of
a tax has an important bearing on the economy.