bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PlasmaHub: Aplikasi Donor Plasma Konvalesen Berbasis Web Pengolah Informasi guna Memudahkan Pemetaan Pendonoran di Jawa Timur
Authors: Raharjo Agus Budi , Purwitasari Diana , Angely Elshe Erviana , Putro Herdayanto Sulistyo , Sukotjo Edy , Santosa Imam , Soejitno Ivonne , Purwanto Juli
Published: December 2022

Pandemi COVID-19 telah memicu krisis kesehatan global. Sampai dengan saat ini, belum ada pilihan yang terbukti untuk pemulihan bagi masyarakat yang terkonfirmasi positif. Salah satu strategi jangka pendek untuk membantu pemulihan pasien terkonfirmasi adalah melalui terapi plasma konvalesen. Plasma konvalesen yang didapat dari individu penyintas COVID-19 mampu digunakan untuk pemeliharaan kesehatan pasca terpapar atau mempercepat penyembuhan penyakit menular. Saat ini, jumlah penyintas yang banyak di Indonesia tidak sebanding dengan masyarakat yang telah melakukan donor plasma konvalesen. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan kebutuhan plasma yang tinggi dengan ketersediaan pendonor yang rendah. Pasien harus menyebarkan data pribadi mereka melalui media sosial untuk mendapatkan golongan darah yang cocok. Tim Satuan Tugas COVID-19 ITS bekerja sama dengan ikatan alumni penyintas COVID-19 RS Indrapura berpartisipasi aktif dalam membangun aplikasi berbasis web PlasmaHub, untuk membantu menjembatani antara pemohon dan pendonor plasma konvalesen secara anonim, sehingga meminimalisir tersebarnya data pribadi. Sosialisasi penggunaan aplikasi untuk meningkatkan peminat donor plasma konvalesen dilakukan dengan peresmian oleh rektor ITS, konferensi pers, dan webinar. Saat ini, aktivitas sosialisasi sudah dipublikasi ke lebih dari dua puluh media massa nasional. Aplikasi yang diusulkan diharapkan dapat membantu PMI dalam meningkatkan stok plasma konvalesen, mempermudah masyarakat untuk mendapat donor plasma, dan turut serta melindungi keamanan data pribadi pasien.
Implementasi Mesin Sangrai Biji Kopi Portabel dengan Display Berbasis Internet of Things pada UMKM Ursa Roastery, Gresik
Authors: Adziimaa Ahmad Fauzan , Rachmadianti Anida Oktavia
Published: December 2022

Pengolahan biji kopi merupakan hal yang menentukan kualitas kopi tersebut baik atau buruk. Rasa dan aroma pada minuman kopi salah satunya dibentuk dari proses penyangraian. Salah satu permasalahan pada usaha kecil pengolahan kopi di Gresik, tepatnya Ursa Roastery yang bertempat di Kecamatan Kebomas, Kabupaten Gresik adalah sulitnya melakukan proses sangrai biji kopi pada saat sampling biji kopi dilakukan di luar kota terutama di pinggiran desa. Terlebih penggunaan mesin sangrai berkapasitas besar dapat mengakibatkan pemborosan energi sehingga berdampak pada naiknya biaya produksi. Selain itu harga mesin sangrai portabel dengan monitoring temperatur dan waktu terbilang mahal. Dari permasalahan tersebut diusulkan sebuah solusi yakni dengan membuat mesin sangrai biji kopi portabel dengan display berbasis Internet of Things. Mesin sangrai yang dibuat dilengkapi dengan monitoring temperatur, waktu dan kecepatan untuk mempermudah dalam proses sampling biji kopi. Temperatur pada tabung sangrai dapat diamati pada layar LCD dan smartphone. Monitoring temperatur, waktu, dan kecepatan sangat diperlukan untuk mengetahui profil roast atau tingkat kematangan biji kopi pada proses sampling. Dengan ditampilkannya data temperatur, waktu, dan kecepatan pada smartphone secara langsung akan memudahkan Ursa Roastery untuk memantau tingkat kematangan kopi dengan lebih mudah, praktis, dan efisien. Kegiatan ini berfokus pada diterapkannya mesin sangrai kopi portabel pada mitra yaitu Ursa Roastery di mana performa mesin sangrai portabel tersebut dapat bersaing dengan mesin sangrai portabel modern yang harganya lebih mahal. Dengan hadirnya mesin sangrai ini diharapkan dapat membantu mitra untuk menekan biaya produksi sehingga dapat menaikkan profit dan menghasilkan kualitas biji kopi terbaik.
Pemakaian Minyak Goreng Sehat dalam Produk Olahan UMKM Kelurahan Keputih
Authors: Rosyidah Afifah , Wulandari Herlinda Ayu , Fernanda Ingelia Yuan , Kavitaningrum Kavitaningrum , Salsabila Riska , Zelina Nindita Mei
Published: December 2022

Minyak goreng merupakan salah satu bahan pokok yang sangat diperlukan dalam keberlangsungan produk yang dihasilkan UMKM, terutama di Kelurahan Keputih. Pada wilayah Keputih ini terdapat beberapa tempat wisata dan sentra kuliner sehingga sebagian besar warga di wilayah ini berkeja sebagai pedagang, Namun, pada awal tahun 2022 masyarakat dihadapkan pada kelangkaan sekaligus kenaikan harga minyak goreng yang membumbung tinggi, sehingga kegelisahan pejuang ekonomi keluarga ini semakin bertambah apabila penjualan yang dilakukan tidak berjalan lancar. Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat berbasis Produk ini dilakukan sebagai upaya solusi permasalahan tersebut. Transfer ilmu dan metode pemakaian minyak goreng mulai dari awal pemakaian diatur temperatur waktu pemanasan serta berapa kali pemakaian; sehingga lebih sehat dan pendampingan dilakukan secara terus menerus hingga proses penjernihan minyak yang dikerjakan sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia. Selain itu, kelompok KKN ini berupaya untuk mensintesis adsorben dari biomassa, yaitu ampas tebu dan arang tempurung kelapa untuk penjernih minyak. Tim KKN juga turut membagikan sekitar 60 kilogram minyak goreng premium sebagai subsidi menjalankan usaha bagi para UMKM.
Pengembangan Model Crowdfunding Berbasis Ekuitas Sebagai Akses Pendanaan Bagi UMKM di Jawa Timur
Authors: Nareswari Ninditya , Hakim Muhammad Saiful , Ciptomulyono Udisubakti , Hanoraga Tony , Akbar Izzat Aulia
Published: December 2022

Crowdfunding merupakan solusi bagi pelaku usaha untuk memperoleh modal yang cukup untuk mengembangkan atau menjalankan usahanya. Crowdfunding sendiri memiliki beberapa jenis, salah satunya berbasis ekuitas. Dana yang disimpan dalam crowdfunding berbasis ekuitas akan menjadi persentase kepemilikan unit usaha yang dikelola oleh UMKM sehingga dapat memberikan pendanaan jangka panjang. Di satu sisi, pemilik ekuitas dapat menerima pengembalian yang lebih tinggi dan dapat mengendalikan UMKM melalui kepemilikan ekuitas. Namun, mewujudkan platform crowdfunding berbasis ekuitas untuk UMKM membutuhkan beberapa studi yang lebih mendalam. Pengembangan model crowdfunding diwujudkan melalui beberapa hal, mulai dari peningkatan literasi bagi para pengelola UMKM dan calon investor, melakukan pemetaan terkait solusi pendanaan eksternal agar sesuai dengan bentuk usahanya, studi kelayakan terkait pelaksanaan suatu kerangka crowdfunding terkait dengan standar operasional dan hal teknis lain, serta langkah terakhir ialah rancangan platform crowdfunding yang diharapkan dapat menyederhanakan proses crowdfunding.
Smart Village Desa Klagen Berbasis Aplikasi Digital untuk Pencapaian Layanan Desa Prima
Authors: Muklason Ahmad , Soedarso Soedarso , Sutikno Sutikno , Setiawan Setiawan , Suryani Adi , Endarko Endarko
Published: December 2022

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sebuah aplikasi berbasis mobile, yaitu berbasis platform android, untuk Desa Klagen, Kecamatan Rejoso, Kabupaten Nganjuk. Aplikasi ini dikembangkan dalam kerangka kerja framework smart village, yaitu sebuah upaya tata kelola desa yang transparan, cepat, efektif dan efisien dengan memberdayakan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi. Fitur yang dikembangkan dalam aplikasi meliputi layanan informasi desa, khususnya dalam hal transparansi penggunaan dana desa; layanan pelaporan data kependudukan seperti kelahiran dan kematian; serta layanan pengurusan surat dari desa untuk masyarakat. Dengan aplikasi ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan layanan kepada masyarakat dengan lebih cepat, efektif dan efisien.
Rate vs rhythm: beta blockers and antiarrhythmics as pharmacological options for the treatment of postoperative atrial fibrillation
Authors: Watson Mairead P , Bennett Maggie , Hamilton Conor , Hill Loreena , McNally Oonagh , Rogers Katherine MA
Published: December 2022

Postoperative atrial fibrillation is one of the most recognised complications of cardiac surgery. Although its exact pathophysiology remains unknown, evidence suggests that it is multifactorial and that it directly affects patient outcomes post cardiac surgery. It is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, renal failure, stroke and mortality. Pharmacological agents such as beta blockers and antiarrhythmic drugs are well established and extensively used for both the prevention and treatment of postoperative atrial fibrillation. This article will explore the pharmacological treatment of postoperative atrial fibrillation with specific reference to metoprolol and amiodarone, along with the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of both drugs. It will briefly discuss the evidence reviewed regarding the effectiveness of these drugs for postoperative atrial fibrillation and the recommendations from the European Society of Cardiology and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery on how postoperative atrial fibrillation should be treated.
The estimated lifetime risk of revision after primary knee arthroplasty is influenced by age, sex, and indication
Authors: Yapp Liam Z. , Clement Nick D. , Moran Matthew , Clarke Jon V. , Simpson A. Hamish R. W. , Scott Chloe E. H.
Published: December 2022

Aims

The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with the estimated lifetime risk of revision surgery after primary knee arthroplasty (KA).

Methods

All patients from the Scottish Arthroplasty Project dataset undergoing primary KA during the period 1 January 1998 to 31 December 2019 were included. The cumulative incidence function for revision and death was calculated up to 20 years. Adjusted analyses used cause-specific Cox regression modelling to determine the influence of patient factors. The lifetime risk was calculated as a percentage for patients aged between 45 and 99 years using multiple-decrement life table methodology.

Results

The estimated lifetime risk of revision ranged between 32.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 22.6 to 47.3) for patients aged 45 to 49 years and 0.6% (95% CI 0.1 to 4.5) for patients aged over 90 years. At 20 years, the overall cumulative incidence of revision (6.8% (95% CI 6.6 to 7.0)) was significantly less than that of death (66.3% (95% CI 65.4 to 67.1)). Adjusted analyses demonstrated converse effect of increasing age on risk of revision (hazard ratio (HR) 0.5 (95% CI 0.5 to 0.6)) and death (HR 3.6 (95% CI 3.4 to 3.7)). Male sex was associated with increased risks of revision (HR 1.1 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.2); p < 0.001) and death (HR 1.4 (95% CI 1.3 to 1.4); p < 0.001). Compared to patients undergoing primary KA for osteoarthritis, patients with inflammatory arthropathy had a higher risk of death (HR 1.7 (95% CI 1.7 to 1.8); p < 0.001), but were less likely to be revised (HR 0.9 (95% CI 0.7 to 1.0); p < 0.001). Patients with a greater number of comorbidities (HR 1.4 (95% CI 1.3 to 1.4)) and greater levels of socioeconomic deprivation (HR 1.4 (95% CI 1.4 to 1.5)) were at increased risk of death, but neither increased the risk of revision.

Conclusion

The estimated lifetime risk of revision KA varied depending on patient sex, age, and underlying diagnosis. Patients aged between 45 and 49 years had a one in three risk of undergoing revision surgery within their lifetime, which decreased with age to one in 159 in those aged 90 years or more. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(12):1313–1322.
Painting Without Paint: Four Sisters, Three Dresses
Authors: Barwari Nuveen
Published: December 2022

Nuveen Barwari uses the multiple layers of the
jilli Kurdi (Kurdish dress) as a metaphor for the multiple layers of a Kurdish diasporic identity. Using Édouard Glissant’s concept of opacity, Barwari engages with the
jilli Kurdi as artistic inspiration, describing it as private space for an individual, and for a diasporic community as anapparatus that works in opposition to transparency, protecting the unseen, and resisting a colonial gaze.
Highlighting the Invisible: An Interview with Avan Sdiq
Authors: Sdiq Avan , Abdullah Meriwan , Appelfeller Allison
Published: December 2022

Sulaimani-based artist Avan Sdiq talks about her involvement with Nawi Min Nawi Daikama, an activist project working to change the laws regarding the
carti nishtinmani Iraqi (Iraqi identification card) for cases of children who are born after rape, abuse, or abandonment. Sdiq discusses what she thinks are the biggest challenges facing the art world in Kurdistan and her view of the role of the artist in Kurdish society.
Nanoscale and ultra-high extinction ratio optical memristive switch based on plasmonic waveguide with square cavity
Authors: Chen Zhiliang , Liu Wenxiao , Zhang Bingying , Wu Kai , Li Zhongyang , Bing Pibin , Tan Lian , Zhang Hongtao , Yao Jianquan
Published: December 2022

A resistive switch effect-based optical memristive switch with an ultra-high extinction ratio and ultra-compact size working at 1550 nm is proposed. The device is composed of a metal–insulator–metal waveguide and a square resonator with active electrodes. The formation and rupture of conductive filaments in the resonant cavity can alter the resonant wavelength, which triggers the state of the optical switch ON or OFF. The numerical results demonstrate that the structure has an ultra-compact size (less than 1 µm) and ultra-high extinction ratio (37 dB). The proposed device is expected to address the problems of high-power consumption and large-scale optical switches and can be adopted in optical switches, optical modulation, optical storage and computing, and large-scale photonic integrated devices.
On the twilight phenomenon of the green band
Authors: Lange Anna , Rozanov Alexei , von Savigny Christian
Published: December 2022

The twilight sky is usually characterized by the well-known
reddish/orange colors close to the horizon and the blue colors above.
However, in many cases, a green or greenish band forms between the
blue and reddish parts of the sky, and it is essentially not
documented in the literature. In this study, the green band phenomenon
is simulated using the radiative transfer model SCIATRAN and
subsequent color modeling based on the CIE color matching functions
and chromaticity values. Different parameters and processes that have
a potential influence are investigated. In addition, a possible
contribution by airglow emissions is discussed. The simulations show
that it requires just the right intensities in the blue, green, and
long-wave spectral regions to produce a green color. The total ozone
column has the comparatively largest influence. This study is, to the
best of our knowledge, the first detailed investigation of the green
band phenomenon.
Using a design-based research approach to develop a technology-supported physical education course to increase the physical activity levels of university students: Study protocol paper
Authors: Sultoni Kuston , Peralta Louisa R. , Cotton Wayne
Published: December 2022

Background

Promoting physical activity (PA) for university students is essential as PA levels decrease during the transition from secondary to higher education. Providing technology-supported university courses targeting students’ PA levels may be a viable option to combat the problem. However, it is still unclear how and what technologies should be implemented in university courses to promote PA. This study aims to create a series of design principles for technology-supported physical education courses that aim to increase university students’ PA knowledge, motivation and levels.

Method

The proposed methodology underpinning the research program is a seven-phase design-based research (DBR) approach, with the seven phases encompassed in four sequential studies. These four studies are a systematic review, a qualitative focus group study, a pilot study, and a randomised controlled trial (RCT) study. The protocol paper aims to detail the plan for conducting the four studies in a comprehensive and transparent manner, thus contributing to the methodological evidence base in this field.

Discussion

Design principles generated from this project will contribute to the growing evidence focusing on effective design and implementation features. Future practitioners can also use these to develop physical education courses that aim to promote university students’ physical activity levels, knowledge, and motivation.

Trial registration

The RCT registry number: ACTRN12622000712707, 18/05/2022.
Community engagement to increase vaccine uptake: Quasi-experimental evidence from Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Authors: Abdullah Mujahid , Ahmad Taimoor , Kazmi Twangar , Sultan Faisal , Afzal Sabeen , Safdar Rana Muhammad , Khan Adnan Ahmad
Published: December 2022

Developing countries have been facing difficulties in reaching out to low-income and underserved communities for COVID-19 vaccination coverage. The rapidity of vaccine development caused a mistrust among certain subgroups of the population, and hence innovative approaches were taken to reach out to such populations. Using a sample of 1760 respondents in five low-income, informal localities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan, we evaluated a set of interventions involving community engagement by addressing demand and access barriers. We used multi-level mixed effects models to estimate average treatment effects across treatment areas. We found that our interventions increased COVID-19 vaccine willingness in two treatment areas that are furthest from city centers by 7.6% and 6.6% respectively, while vaccine uptake increased in one of the treatment areas by 17.1%, compared to the control area. Our results suggest that personalized information campaigns such as community mobilization help to increase COVID-19 vaccine willingness. Increasing uptake however, requires improving access to the vaccination services. Both information and access may be different for various communities and therefore a “one-size-fits-all” approach may need to be better localized. Such underserved and marginalized communities are better served if vaccination efforts are contextualized.
COVID-19: Tail risk and predictive regressions
Authors: Distaso Walter , Ibragimov Rustam , Semenov Alexander , Skrobotov Anton
Published: December 2022

The paper focuses on econometrically justified robust analysis of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on financial markets in different countries across the World. It provides the results of robust estimation and inference on predictive regressions for returns on major stock indexes in 23 countries in North and South America, Europe, and Asia incorporating the time series of reported infections and deaths from COVID-19. We also present a detailed study of persistence, heavy-tailedness and tail risk properties of the time series of the COVID-19 infections and death rates that motivate the necessity in applications of robust inference methods in the analysis. Econometrically justified analysis is based on heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent (HAC) inference methods, recently developed robust t-statistic inference approaches and robust tail index estimation.
Alcohol use during pregnancy and motherhood: Attitudes and experiences of pregnant women, mothers, and healthcare professionals
Authors: Ujhelyi Gomez Katalin , Goodwin Laura , Chisholm Anna , Rose Abigail K.
Published: December 2022

Alcohol is the most used substance by women of childbearing age. Alcohol exposed pregnancies can have serious consequences to the fetus, and the UK has one of the highest rates of drinking during pregnancy. Alcohol use during motherhood is also a public health concern, linked with potential harms to the woman and child. This qualitative study investigated the attitudes and experiences of pregnant/parenting women and healthcare professionals regarding maternal drinking. A semi-structured focus group and interviews were conducted in the North West of England with pregnant women, mothers, and healthcare professionals. Quantitative measures captured demographics, alcohol use, and screened for mental ill-health for pregnant women and mothers. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse narratives. Findings revealed that most participants believed avoiding alcohol during pregnancy is the safest option. However, some pregnant women and mothers stated that there was insufficient evidence to demonstrate the harms of low-level drinking and that abstinence guidelines were patronising. All participants reported that low-level drinking during motherhood was acceptable. Heavy drinking was believed to pose serious harm during pregnancy and motherhood to the baby and mother, in addition to damaging relationships. Strong motives were revealed for choosing and avoiding to drink, such as coping with the difficulties of motherhood and parental responsibilities, respectively. Contradictions were found across quantitative and qualitative self-reports of consumption, reflecting potential underreporting of alcohol use. Additionally, drinking levels were discussed in extremes only (low/heavy) without considering ‘grey area’ drinking. Clear, consistent advice and guidelines are needed to support women in reducing their alcohol use during pregnancy and motherhood. These should include the unique potential risks regarding maternal drinking, and the harm attributable to non-clinically dependent alcohol use. The maternal participants in this study were middle-class, therefore, research is needed to capture the views and experiences of women of all socioeconomic backgrounds.
The effects of temperature and pH on the reproductive ecology of sand dollars and sea urchins: Impacts on sperm swimming and fertilization
Authors: Leuchtenberger Sara Grace , Daleo Maris , Gullickson Peter , Delgado Andi , Lo Carly , Nishizaki Michael T.
Published: December 2022

In an era of climate change, impacts on the marine environment include warming and ocean acidification. These effects can be amplified in shallow coastal regions where conditions often fluctuate widely. This type of environmental variation is potentially important for many nearshore species that are broadcast spawners, releasing eggs and sperm into the water column for fertilization. We conducted two experiments to investigate: 1) the impact of water temperature on sperm swimming characteristics and fertilization rate in sand dollars (Dendraster excentricus; temperatures 8-38°C) and sea urchins (Mesocentrotus franciscanus; temperatures 8-28°C) and; 2) the combined effects of multiple stressors (water temperature and pH) on these traits in sand dollars. We quantify thermal performance curves showing that sand dollar fertilization rates, sperm swimming velocities, and sperm motility display remarkably wide thermal breadths relative to red urchins, perhaps reflecting the wider range of water temperatures experienced by sand dollars at our field sites. For sand dollars, both temperature (8, 16, 24°C) and pH (7.1, 7.5, 7.9) affected fertilization but only temperature influenced sperm swimming velocity and motility. Although sperm velocities and fertilization were positively correlated, our fertilization kinetics model dramatically overestimated measured rates and this discrepancy was most pronounced under extreme temperature and pH conditions. Our results suggest that environmental stressors like temperature and pH likely impair aspects of the reproductive process beyond simple sperm swimming behavior.
Decision to use denture adhesive in complete denture wearers after one-month run-in period: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Limpuangthip Nareudee , Tumrasvin Wacharasak , Thongyoi Budsara
Published: December 2022

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess two patient-based outcomes of complete denture (CD) wearers who continued or discontinued using denture adhesive (DA) after one-month run-in period of DA use.

Methods

This quasi-experimental study comprised 76 CD wearers. The two patient-based outcomes were oral health-related quality of life and masticatory performance, determined by the Thai-version of oral impacts on daily performances index and multiple sieve method of 20-stroke peanut mastication. Denture retention and stability were evaluated using the CU-modified Kapur criteria to classify the CD into acceptable or unacceptable quality. The outcomes were collected at 3 time points: 1) at baseline (T0), 2) after a 1-month run-in period of DA use (T1), at which time the participants decided whether to continue using DA, and 3) 1-month after continuing or discontinuing using DA (T2). Changes in the percentages of having an oral impact from T0 to T2 were evaluated using the McNemar’s test. The effect of denture quality and the decision to use DA on peanut particle size across time points were assessed using repeated measures ANOVA. The peanut particle size changes in each group between time points were evaluated using the one-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc comparison test.

Results

The participants who continued using DA at T2 had greater oral impact reduction after the 1-month run-in period of DA use, whereas cleaning and emotional impacts emerged in those who discontinued using DA. At T1 and T2, the peanut particle size of the participants who continued and discontinued using DA was not significantly changed from T0, except for the acceptable CD wearers who discontinued using DA at T2, whose peanut particle size decreased from T0 to T2.

Conclusions

Baseline oral impacts and their change influenced CD wearers’ decision whether to continue using DA. However, masticatory performance did not affect the patients’ decision.
Patterns of students’ well-being in early adolescence: A latent class and two-wave latent transition analysis
Authors: Kassis Wassilis , Janousch Clarissa , Sidler Petra , Aksoy Dilan , Favre Céline , Ertanir Beyhan
Published: December 2022

Adolescence is a developmental stage with high risks in terms of psychological challenges and adjustments related to subjective well-being. Thus far, the findings reported a general decrease in school-related well-being over time. We considered well-being a multidimensional and latent construct that included both feeling good and functioning well at the individual level, and focused on the interplay between hedonic and eudemonic factors. Data ofN= 377 high school students in Switzerland were used by conducting an online longitudinal study with two waves. Baseline data was gathered in autumn 2019 and the subsequent time point occurred 1 year later (2020; grades seven and eight). By applying a person-oriented analytical approach via latent class and latent transition analyses, we were able to identify and compare longitudinally three distinct well-being patterns and the respective trajectories. Regarding the distribution of the well-being patterns for both waves, significant changes over time were identified: particularly from wave 1 to wave 2, where there was an increase for the low and high well-being patterns, yet a decrease for the middle pattern. Comparing the stability of the respective patterns over time, the high well-being level showed the highest stability of all identified patterns. Multinomial logistic regression of covariates to the identified latent status membership established for both waves showed low but significant effects of socio-demographic variables. At wave 1, having a migration background was associated with a significant increase of being in a low versus high well-being level pattern. At wave 2, being female was associated with a significant increase of being in a low versus high and in a middle versus high well-being pattern.
Historical perspective of code clone refactorings in evolving software
Authors: Kanwal Jaweria , Maqbool Onaiza , Basit Hamid Abdul , Sindhu Muddassar Azam , Inoue Katsuro
Published: December 2022

Cloning in software is generally perceived as a threat to its maintenance and that is why it needs to be managed properly. Understanding clones from a historical perspective is essential for effective clone management. Analysis of code refactorings performed on clones in previous releases will help developers in taking decisions about clone refactoring in future releases. In this paper we perform a longitudinal study on the evolution of clone refactorings in various versions of five software systems. To perform a systematic study on clone refactoring evolution, we define clone evolution patterns for studying refactorings in a formal notation. Our results show that only a small proportion of code clones are refactored between the versions and most of the refactorings are inconsistent within clone classes. Moreover, clone refactorings may cause clone removal. Analysis of the source code of refactored clones reveals similar reasons of inconsistent refactorings and clone removal for five Java systems. This analysis will help in devising appropriate strategies for managing clone refactorings in software and hence provide foundation for devising better clone management tools.
Quantitative PCR from human genomic DNA: The determination of gene copy numbers for congenital adrenal hyperplasia and RCCX copy number variation
Authors: Doleschall Márton , Darvasi Ottó , Herold Zoltán , Doleschall Zoltán , Nyirő Gábor , Somogyi Anikó , Igaz Péter , Patócs Attila
Published: December 2022

Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is used for the determination of gene copy number (GCN). GCNs contribute to human disorders, and characterize copy number variation (CNV). The single laboratory method validations of duplex qPCR assays with hydrolysis probes on CYP21A1P and CYP21A2 genes, residing a CNV (RCCX CNV) and related to congenital adrenal hyperplasia, were performed using 46 human genomic DNA samples. We also performed the verifications on 5 qPCR assays for the genetic elements of RCCX CNV; C4A, C4B, CNV breakpoint, HERV-K(C4) CNV deletion and insertion alleles. Precision of each qPCR assay was under 1.01 CV%. Accuracy (relative error) ranged from 4.96±4.08% to 9.91±8.93%. Accuracy was not tightly linked to precision, but was significantly correlated with the efficiency of normalization using the RPPH1 internal reference gene (Spearman’s ρ: 0.793–0.940, p>0.0001), ambiguity (ρ = 0.671, p = 0.029) and misclassification (ρ = 0.769, p = 0.009). A strong genomic matrix effect was observed, and target-singleplex (one target gene in one assay) qPCR was able to appropriately differentiate 2 GCN from 3 GCN at best. The analysis of all GCNs from the 7 qPCR assays using a multiplex approach increased the resolution of differentiation, and produced 98% of GCNs unambiguously, and all of which were in 100% concordance with GCNs measured by Southern blot, MLPA and aCGH. We conclude that the use of an internal (in one assay with the target gene) reference gene, the use of allele-specific primers or probes, and the multiplex approach (in one assay or different assays) are crucial for GCN determination using qPCR or other methods.
Effects of speed, agility and quickness training programme on cognitive and physical performance in preadolescent soccer players
Authors: Trecroci Athos , Cavaggioni Luca , Rossi Alessio , Moriondo Andrea , Merati Giampiero , Nobari Hadi , Ardigò Luca Paolo , Formenti Damiano
Published: December 2022

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a short-term (4 weeks) non-soccer-specific training programme based on speed, agility and quickness (SAQ) and a soccer-specific training programme based on small-sided games (SSG) on cognitive and physical performance in preadolescent soccer players. Twenty-one participants were randomly assigned to SAQ group (n = 11) or SSG group (n = 10). They were tested pre and post interventions on physical (5 m sprint, 20 m sprint and sprint with turns of 90°) and cognitive (inhibitory control by means of the Flanker task and perceptual speed by means of the visual search task) performances. Although no significant time x group interactions were observed, the main effect of time was significant for cognitive performance and 5 m and 20 m sprint, showing improvements after both SAQ and SSG. These findings highlight that 4 weeks of SAQ training programme induced comparable improvements in cognitive and physical performance with respect to a soccer-specific training programme based on SSG in preadolescent soccer players. Non-sport-specific activities targeting speed, agility and quickness combined with cognitive engagement (i.e., SAQ) should be useful strategies as soccer-specific activities to be included within a soccer training programme for promoting both physical and cognitive domain in preadolescent individuals.
Neuromuscular characteristics of agonists and antagonists during maximal eccentric knee flexion in soccer players with a history of hamstring muscle injuries
Authors: Ritzmann Ramona , Strütt Sarah , Torreno Ignacio , Riesterer Janine , Centner Christoph , Suarez-Arrones Luis
Published: December 2022

Background

Muscle strain injuries (MSIs) in the hamstrings are among the most prevalent injuries in elite soccer. We aimed to examine the relation between biomechanical maladaptation in eccentric strength and neuromuscular factors separated by their time and frequency domains.

Methods

20 elite soccer players with a previous history of unilateral MSI in the M. biceps femoris (BF) long head and 20 without MSI participated. Knee flexion torques, rate of torque development (RTD) and electromyographic signals (EMG) of the BF, the M. semitendinosus (SMT) and knee extensors were obtained during unilateral maximal eccentric knee flexions performed at slow (30°/s) and fast (120°/s) angular speeds. Root mean squares and mean power frequency (MF) was calculated.

Results

In the group with a history of MSI, reduced maximal eccentric flexion torque (slow eccentrics -8±11, p<0.05; fast eccentrics -18±13 N*m, p<0.05) and RTD (-33±28 N*m/s, p<0.05; -95±47 N*m/s, p<0.05) concomitantly occurred with diminished agonistic myoelectrical activities (-4±5% of MVC, p<0.05; -10±7% of MVC, p<0.05) and MFs (-24±13 Hz, p<0.05; -24±18 Hz, p<0.05) in the BF. Simultaneously, antagonistic myoelectric activity was elevated (+4±3% of MVC, p<0.05; +3±3% of MVC, p<0.05) in MSI affected legs as compared to unaffected legs for both eccentric contractions. Deficits in myoelectrical activity (r2 = 0.715, p<0.05; r2 = 0.601, p<0.05) and MF (r2 = 0.484, p<0.05; r2 = 0.622, p<0.05) correlated with deficits in maximal torque in the affected leg in the MSI group. Analysis of SMT demonstrated no significant differences.

Conclusion

Positive relationships between neuromuscular deficits and the reduced eccentric strength profile underpin neuronal inhibition after MSI. This persistent involvement of dysfunctional synergist and antagonist neural hamstring function in strength weakness is of clinical relevance in sports medicine for prevention and rehabilitation.
Ultrastructural characteristics of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the early postnatal mouse optic nerve observed by serial block-face scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Ono Katsuhiko , Gotoh Hitoshi , Nomura Tadashi , Morita Tsuyoshi , Baba Otto , Matsumoto Mami , Saitoh Sei , Ohno Nobuhiko
Published: December 2022

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) arise from restricted regions of the central nervous system (CNS) and differentiate into myelin-forming cells after migration, but their ultrastructural characteristics have not been fully elucidated. This study examined the three-dimensional ultrastructure of OPCs in comparison with other glial cells in the early postnatal optic nerve by serial block-face scanning electron microscopy. We examined 70 putative OPCs (pOPC) that were distinct from other glial cells according to established morphological criteria. The pOPCs were unipolar in shape with relatively few processes, and their Golgi apparatus were localized in the perinuclear region with a single cisterna. Astrocytes abundant in the optic nerve were distinct from pOPCs and had a greater number of processes and more complicated Golgi apparatus morphology. All pOPCs and astrocytes contained a pair of centrioles (basal bodies). Among them, 45% of pOPCs extended a short cilium, and 20% of pOPCs had centrioles accompanied by vesicles, whereas all astrocytes with basal bodies had cilia with invaginated ciliary pockets. These results suggest that the fine structures of pOPCs during the developing and immature stages may account for their distinct behavior. Additionally, the vesicular transport of the centrioles, along with a short cilium length, suggests active ciliogenesis in pOPCs.
Functional characterization of MLH1 missense variants unveils mechanisms of pathogenicity and clarifies role in cancer
Authors: Mahdouani Marwa , Ben Ahmed Slim , Hmila Fahmi , Rais Henda , Ben Sghaier Rihab , Saad Hanene , Ben Said Mariem , Masmoudi Saber , Hmida Dorra , Brieger Angela , Zeuzem Stefan , Saad Ali , Gribaa Moez , Plotz Guido
Published: December 2022

Lynch syndrome is a heritable condition caused by a heterozygous germline inactivating mutation of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, most commonly the MLH1 gene. However, one third of the identified alterations are missense variants, for which the clinical significance is unclear in many cases. We have identified three MLH1 missense alterations (p.(Glu736Lys), p.(Pro640Thr) and p.(Leu73Pro)) in six individuals from large Tunisian families. For none of these alterations, a classification of pathogenicity was available, consequently diagnosis, predictive testing and targeted surveillance in affected families was impossible. We therefore performed functional laboratory testing using a system testing stability as well as catalytic activity that includes clinically validated reference variants. Both p.(Leu73Pro) and p.(Pro640Thr) were found to be non-functional due to severe defects in protein stability and catalytic activity. In contrast, p.(Glu736Lys) was comparable to the wildtype protein and therefore considered a neutral substitution. Analysis of residue conservation and of the structural roles of the substituted residues corroborated these findings. In conjunction with the available clinical data, two variants fulfil classification criteria for class 4 “likely pathogenic”. The findings of this work clarify the mechanism of pathogenicity of two unclear MLH1 variants and enables predictive testing and targeted surveillance in members of carrier families worldwide.
Population-based correlates of COVID-19 infection: An analysis from the DFW COVID-19 prevalence study
Authors: Singal Amit G. , Masica Andrew , Esselink Kate , Murphy Caitlin C. , Dever Jill A. , Reczek Annika , Bensen Matthew , Mack Nicole , Stutts Ellen , Ridenhour Jamie L. , Galt Evan , Brainerd Jordan , Kopplin Noa , Yekkaluri Sruthi , Rubio Chris , Anderson Shelby , Jan Kathryn , Whitworth Natalie , Wagner Jacqueline , Allen Stephen , Muthukumar Alagar R. , Tiro Jasmin
Published: December 2022

Background

COVID-19 has resulted in over 1 million deaths in the U.S. as of June 2022, with continued surges after vaccine availability. Information on related attitudes and behaviors are needed to inform public health strategies. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of COVID-19, risk factors of infection, and related attitudes and behaviors in a racially, ethnically, and socioeconomically diverse urban population.

Methods

The DFW COVID-19 Prevalence Study Protocol 1 was conducted from July 2020 to March 2021 on a randomly selected sample of adults aged 18–89 years, living in Dallas or Tarrant Counties, Texas. Participants were asked to complete a 15-minute questionnaire and COVID-19 PCR and antibody testing. COVID-19 prevalence estimates were calculated with survey-weighted data.

Results

Of 2969 adults who completed the questionnaire (7.4% weighted response), 1772 (53.9% weighted) completed COVID-19 testing. Overall, 11.5% of adults had evidence of COVID-19 infection, with a higher prevalence among Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black persons, essential workers, those in low-income neighborhoods, and those with lower education attainment compared to their counterparts. We observed differences in attitudes and behaviors by race and ethnicity, with non-Hispanic White persons being less likely to believe in the importance of mask wearing, and racial and ethnic minorities more likely to attend social gatherings.

Conclusion

Over 10% of an urban population was infected with COVID-19 early during the pandemic. Differences in attitudes and behaviors likely contribute to sociodemographic disparities in COVID-19 prevalence.
On variants and vaccines: The effectiveness of Covid-19 monoclonal antibody therapy during two distinct periods in the pandemic
Authors: Srinivasan Vinay , Weinstein Stacey E. , Bhimani Azra , Clemons Nathan C. , Dinolfo Melissa , Shin Christina S. , Grier Jacqueline , Lopez Antonio , Braggs Jamia , Boucher Joni , Batiste Quanna N. , Garner Omai B. , Yang Shangxin , Vijayan Tara
Published: December 2022

Background

While Covid-19 monoclonal antibody therapies (Mab) have been available in the outpatient setting for over a year and a half, little is known about the impact of emerging variants and vaccinations on the effectiveness of Mab therapies. We sought to determine the effectiveness of Covid-19 Mab therapies during the first two waves of the pandemic in Los Angeles County and assess the impact of vaccines, variants, and other confounding factors.

Methods and findings

We retrospectively examined records for 2209 patients of with confirmed positive molecular SARS-CoV2 test either referred for outpatient Mab therapy or receiving Mab treatment in the emergency department (ED) between December 2020 and 2021. Our primary outcome was the combined 30-day incidence of ED visit, hospitalization, or death following the date of referral. Additionally, SARS-CoV2 isolates of hospitalized patients receiving Mabs were sequenced. The primary outcome was significantly reduced with combination therapy compared to bamlanivimab or no treatment (aHR 0·60; 95% CI ·37, ·99), with greater benefit in unvaccinated, moderate-to-high-risk patients (aHR ·39; 95% CI ·20, ·77). Significant associations with the primary outcome included history of lung disease (HR 7·13; 95% CI 5·12, 9·95), immunocompromised state (HR 6·59; 95% CI 2·91–14·94), and high social vulnerability (HR 2·29, 95% CI 1·56–3·36). Two predominant variants were noted during the period of observation: the Epsilon variant and the Delta variant.

Conclusions

Only select monoclonal antibody therapies significantly reduced ED visits, hospitalizations, and death due to COVID-19 during. Vaccination diminished effectiveness of Mabs. Variant data and vaccination status should be considered when assessing the benefit of novel COVID-19 treatments.
Simultaneous separation of naproxen and 6-O-desmethylnaproxen metabolite in saliva samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Pharmacokinetic study of naproxen alone and associated with esomeprazol—Results
Authors: Oliveira Gabriela Moraes , Dionísio Thiago José , Polanco Nelson Leonel Del Hierro , Siqueira-Sandrin Viviane Silva , Faria Flavio Augusto Cardoso , Santos Carlos Ferreira , Calvo Adriana Maria
Published: December 2022

After performing liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and HCl, samples from 12 volunteers who performed sequential collections after taking a tablet of naproxen alone (n = 6) or associated with esomeprazole (n = 6) were analyzed in a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer 8040 LC MS/MS Shimadzu. Separation of naproxen and its main metabolite 6-O-desmethylnaproxen was performed in a Shim-Pack XR-ODS 75Lx2.0 column and C18 pre-column at 40°C using a mixture of methanol and ammonium acetate 10 mM (70:30, v/v) with an injection rate of 0.3 ml/min. The total analytical run time for each sample was 5 min. The association of naproxen with esomeprazole take considerably longer time to reach the maximum concentration [Tmax 0.17 h (interquartile range, 0.13–1.95) for naproxen alone and 13.18*h (interquartile range, 10.12–27.15) for naproxen with esomeprazole, p = 0.002], also to be eliminated [T1/2 0.12 h (interquartile range, 0.09–1.35) for naproxen alone and 9.16*h (interquartile range, 7.16–41.40) for naproxen with esomeprazole, p = 0.002] and lower maximum concentrations (Cmax 4.6 ± 2.5 ug/mL for naproxen alone and 2.04 ± 0.78* μg/mL, p = 0.038). The association of naproxen with esomeprazole showed increased values of AUC0-t [82.06* h*μg/mL (interquartile range, 51.90–157.00) with esomeprazole and 2.97 h*μg/mL (interquartile range, 1.82–7.84) naproxen alone, p = 0.002] in drug concentrations in relation to the naproxen tablet alone, probably, such differences are due to the delay in the absorption of naproxen when it is associated with the drug proton pump inhibitor, esomeprazole. As well as reduced values of full clearance when naproxen is combined with esomeprazole (0.07* μg/h (interquartile range, 0.005–0.01) with esomeprazole and 7.29 μg/h (interquartile range, 3.17–16.23) in naproxen alone, p = 0.002). Both naproxen and 6-O-desmethylnaproxen in saliva samples can be effectively quantified using LC-MS/MS, this methodology proved to be rapid, sensitive, accurate and selective for each drug and allows for the analysis of their pharmacokinetic parameters, in both situations.
Slow dynamics measured by phosphorescence lifetime reveals global conformational changes in human adult hemoglobin induced by allosteric effectors
Authors: Schay Gusztáv , Fidy Judit , Herenyi Levente
Published: December 2022

The mechanism underlying allostery in hemoglobin (Hb) is still not completely understood. Various models describing the action of allosteric effectors on Hb function have been published in the literature. It has also been reported that some allosteric effectors—such as chloride ions, inositol hexaphosphate, 2,3-diphospho-glycerate and bezafibrate—considerably lower the oxygen affinity of Hb. In this context, an important question is the extent to which these changes influence the conformational dynamics of the protein. Earlier, we elaborated a challenging method based on phosphorescence quenching, which makes characterizing protein-internal dynamics possible in the ms time range. The experimental technique involves phosphorescence lifetime measurements in thermal equilibrium at varied temperatures from 10 K up to 273 K, based on the signal of Zn-protoporphyrin substituted for the heme in the β-subunits of Hb. The thermal activation of protein dynamics was observed by the enhancement of phosphorescence quenching attributed to O2 diffusion. It was shown that the thermal activation of protein matrix dynamics was clearly distinguishable from the dynamic activation of the aqueous solvent, and was therefore highly specific for the protein. In the present work, the same method was used to study the changes in the parameters of the dynamic activation of human HbA induced by binding allosteric effectors. We interpreted the phenomenon as phase transition between two states. The fitting of this model to lifetime data yielded the change of energy and entropy in the activation process and the quenching rate in the dynamically activated state. The fitted parameters were particularly sensitive to the presence of allosteric effectors and could be interpreted in line with results from earlier experimental studies. The results suggest that allosteric effectors are tightly coupled to the dynamics of the whole protein, and thus underline the importance of global dynamics in the regulation of Hb function.