bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
At the Boundaries of Language: Galdós, Wittgenstein, and the Problem of Pacifism
Authors: Santiáñez Nil
Published: November 2014

Sometimes, pacifism finds itself in a paradoxical situation. Renouncing war as an acceptable means to settle a dispute, the pacifist runs the risk of neglecting the defense of those whose very existence is threatened by violent forces. When this is the case, pacifism may be considered as a peculiar form of involuntary wrongdoing. This paper explores the dilemmas and the internal inconsistencies of pacifism by means of two different strategies: (1) the analysis of the ethics of war and peace in Benito Pérez Galdós’ Aita Tettauen, and (2) the comparison of said ethics with Ludwig Wittgenstein’s notion of ethics as expounded in his Notebooks 1914-1916, the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, and “A Lecture on Ethics.” This article argues that Galdós deconstructs the dichotomy war/peace by placing pacifism - embodied by the main character, the writer Santiuste - within the structure of war. He does so, however, in an ambiguous way. Instead of openly denouncing or supporting Santiuste’s pacifism, Galdós presents his main character with irony, a literary technique that makes it difficult to determine whether the novel endorses or criticizes Santiuste’s brand of pacifism. Uttered always in absolute terms, ethical propositions go against the boundaries of our language by trying to say what cannot be expressed. Aita Tettauen demonstrates the ambiguity inherent to ethical stances such as pacifism. Galdós, like Wittgenstein years later, placed ethical issues at the boundaries of language.
Pour une nouvelle typologie des dictionnaires historiques. Emprunts – mots savants – formations scientifiques – mots néolatins
Authors: Schmitt Christian
Published: November 2014

The historical dictionaries of the Romance language, as well as the individual Romance languages, are all based - in line with the tradition of the history of science - on the dichotomy of “inherited” vs. “borrowed” lexicon, while in general the sound laws provide the basis for the distinction. From this point of view, the group of “half-taught” forms remains problematic, and the scientific neologisms, ignored by Diez and Meyer-Lübke, are typologically classified incorrectly as supposed borrowings from (Greco-)Latin. The Romans did not know any kind of “virology”, due to which variola vaccina is not a borrowing from Latin, but a scientific neologism from Neo-Latin (such as, e. g., vitamina), which cannot be equated typologically with known (Greco-)Latinisms from antique texts (such as, e. g., fr. légal or sp. gramatical). The Neo-Latin forms, which primarily stem from the academic vocabulary (from Humanism until the 20th century), represent a constantly growing class of word formations which should neither be characterized as “external” nor as “internal”, but are to be understood as typical products of scientific communication which follow their own rules of distribution. The attempts to claim such formations for individual Romance languages usually constitute nationalistically motivated interpretations, because the rules applied here by the respective creator are true beyond the individual language and it cannot be justified formally that, for instance, gerontologia originated in the German speaking part of Europe or telecratia in the Francophone area, and that the corresponding Neo-Latinisms can be identified. All Central and Western European linguistic zones have participated in these developments and the scientists have the relevant language competence; thus, the first existing references have to be ascertained and the filiations displayed, before a convincing genealogy (e. g., for astro-, rhino-, neo- etc.) can be postulated and defended. This intermediate space between “internal” and “external” forms has to be reviewed for all sciences and be made available to the single-language and the interlingual lexicography, as well as the research on internationalisms, if we want historical dictionaries to serve also as cultural-historical documents. It should be noted in particular that the majority of modern neologisms belong to this group, which is where the most methodological as well as documentary deficits subsist in the lexicography of the European languages. The erroneous practice to attribute cultural vocabulary rather schematically to a fictional etymologia remota still exists.
State-dependent effects of fiscal policy
Authors: Fazzari Steven M. , Morley James , Panovska Irina
Published: November 2014

We investigate the effects of government spending on US output with a threshold structural vector autoregressive model. We consider Bayesian model comparison and generalized impulse response analysis to test for nonlinearities in the responses of output to government spending. Our empirical findings support state-dependent effects of fiscal policy, with the government spending multiplier larger and more persistent whenever there is considerable economic slack. Based on capacity utilization as the preferred threshold variable, the estimated multiplier is large (1.6) for a low-utilization regime that accounts for more than half of the sample observations from 1967 to 2012 according to the estimated threshold level.
La relación argumentación-(des)cortesía en el discurso persuasivo
Authors: Alcaide Lara Esperanza R.
Published: November 2014

Este trabajo se centra en la relación que se establece en el discurso entre argumentación y (des)cortesía. Mi propósito es demostrar que la estructura argumentativa puede funcionar como un recurso que sirve de regulador de la imagen del hablante así como, en otro plano, un recurso que refuerza la actividad (des)cortés. La mayoría de los estudios llevados a cabo hasta el momento han reparado en la función persuasiva de la (des)cortesía, con lo que, en cierta manera, el acto (des)cortés se ha contemplado como un recurso “al servicio” de la argumentación. En este estudio intento demostrar que la relación entre ambos aspectos no es monodireccional, y que en ocasiones y, más precisamente, en determinados tipos discursivos, es la estructura argumentativa la que sirve al objetivo de la (des)cortesía, sin menoscabar en absoluto la importancia de la finalidad persuasiva presente, a mi juicio, de forma más o menos marcada, en cualquier realización discursiva. De esta forma, se puede hablar de una relación de bifuncionalidad entre argumentación y (des)cortesía. Para probarlo se utilizan textos de carácter persuasivo publicitarios y políticos.
Eingebettetes Impedanzmesssystem für das Batteriemanagement in Elektrofahrzeugen
Authors: Günther Thomas , Büschel Paul , Kanoun Olfa
Published: November 2014

Für Batteriemanagementsysteme (BMS) sind Umfang und Verlässlichkeit
der Datenbasis von besonderer Bedeutung. Bisher kommt ein Großteil
dieser Daten aus Prüfständen und wird dem BMS als Tabelle
bereitgestellt. Um den Einfluss dieser Offline-Daten im BMS zu
reduzieren und so die Leistungsfähigkeit eines Batteriesystems zu
steigern, wurde eine Hardware entwickelt, welche eine Online-Messung
des Impedanzspektrums von Batterien ermöglicht. Der Fokus liegt
hierbei auf der Adaption der im Labor häufig eingesetzten
Impedanzspektroskopie, um diese in mobilen Anwendungen mit
Low-cost-Hardware verfügbar zu machen.
Mikrowellenbasierte Katalysatorzustandserkennung zur Regelung von Ottomotoren
Authors: Schödel Sebastian , Fischerauer Gerhard
Published: November 2014

Der Wunsch, Drei-Wege-Katalysatoren mit reduziertem Edelmetallgehalt für
die Abgasnachbehandlung einsetzen zu können, verlangt nach einer
zuverlässigen Information über den tatsächlichen
Katalysatorzustand. Bekannte Verfahren schätzen den zur
Schadgaskonvertierung nötigen Füllstand des Sauerstoffspeichers
sowie die Speicherkapazität der katalytischen Beschichtung aus den
gemessenen Luftzahlen vor und hinter dem Katalysator. Zur Verbesserung
dieser bis heute etablierten Verfahren stellen wir einen
mikrowellenbasierten Ansatz zur direkten Katalysatorzustandserkennung vor.
Auf Grundlage dieser Zustandsinformationen können angepasste
Regelungsstrategien dazu beitragen, die Verbrauchs- und Ressourceneffizienz
in Kraftfahrzeugen zu verbessern.
Detektion von Rissen in Drähten auf Basis der ortsabhängigen magnetischen Induktion
Authors: Morgenstern Tino , Himmel Jörg , Kanoun Olfa
Published: November 2014

Wirbelstromsensoren sind in der industriellen Messtechnik stark
verbreitet. Insbesondere bei der Herstellung warmgewalzter Halbzeuge
können sie durch ihre Robustheit gegenüber Wasserdampf und hohen
Walzguttemperaturen überzeugen. Ein noch offenes Feld ist die
In-Situ‐Detektion von Rissen im Draht während des Walzprozesses bei
Walzgeschwindigkeiten bis zu 100 m/s und Materialtemperaturen bis zu
1200 ℃. Im Folgenden soll mittels der
Finiten-Elemente-Analyse untersucht werden, wie sich Längsrisse im
Draht auf Oberflächenströme und damit auf deren magnetische
Flussdichte auswirken. Ziel ist es, Aussagen über den Einfluss
verschiedener Rissbreiten und Risstiefen auf die magnetische
Flussdichte zu machen und so einen möglichen Effekt auf einen
Wirbelstromsensor untersuchen zu können.
Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation: Prognostic Markers Depicted on Fetal MR I
Authors: Wagner Matthias W , Vaught Arthur J , Poretti Andrea , Blakemore Karin J , Huisman Thierry A G M
Published: November 2014

Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) serves a dual role in the prenatal diagnostic work up of a vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM). First, it may confirm the prenatal ultrasound findings and secondly it may identify prognostically important secondary complications of the VGAM. Progressive heart failure with development of fetal hydrops and hemispheric white matter injuries are associated with a poor outcome in children with a VGAM. We present the prenatal findings using both ultrasound and MRI of a fetus with VGAM including bilateral injury of the cerebral hemispheres, severe dilatation of the jugular veins, cardiomegaly, and hydrops fetalis. The neonate died within 30 minutes after delivery. Moreover, fetal MRI revealed complete placenta praevia, uterine fibroids, and wrapping of the umbilical cord around the fetal neck. This additional information is unrelated to the fetal pathology, but could have been of importance to plan the delivery.
Effects of Age, Gender and Hemispheric Location on T2 Hypointensity in the Pulvinar at 3T
Authors: White Matthew L. , Zhang Yan , Helvey Jason T. , Yu Fang , Omojola Matthew F.
Published: November 2014

Pulvinar signal intensity decrease on T2-weighted images has been reported in some neurological abnormalities. We aimed to define the normal T2 signal hypointensity pattern present in the pulvinar to avoid erroneous radiological interpretation. One hundred and forty-two subjects (54 men and 88 women; age range 9–91 years) with unremarkable brain 3T MR findings were enrolled. MR images were analyzed with regard to signal intensity of the pulvinar relative to the thalamus on fluid attenuated inversion recovery images. Effects of age, gender and hemispheric location on the degree of T2 hypointensity were statistically analyzed. The statistical association was measured between the pattern of signal changes in the pulvinar region and that in the putamen and the globus pallidus. We detected a linear signal decrease in the pulvinar region with age. The male subjects had a more rapid decrease of signal with age than female subjects. The right pulvinar region had a higher chance of hypointensity compared to the left. A positive linear association was found when signal change from the pulvinar region was compared with signal in the putamen and globus pallidus. We detected a linear signal decrease with age in the pulvinar. The physiological signal features of the pulvinar also depend on gender and hemispheric lateralization. The pattern of signal change in the pulvinar is similar to but not the same as that in the putamen and globus pallidus.
Beware of the Aneurysm in Stealth Mode!
Authors: Swarnkar Amar , Ramaswamy Raghu , Padalino David J , Deshaies Eric M
Published: November 2014

Endovascular treatment is one of the treatment options considered for acute stroke in many primary stroke centers. Outcome from such treatment can be very successful and gratifying if the intervention is timely and patient selection is appropriate. There are however certain pitfalls that need to be kept in mind which, if the interventionalist is not careful, can adversely affect the outcome. We describe such a case where the patient presented with acute stroke due to basilar artery thrombosis but also had an aneurysm in the affected vessel. We also make certain recommendations to reduce the chances of complications arising during treatment of patients with such a condition.
Correlation of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Parameters in the Canine Brain
Authors: Leong Dalun , Calabrese Evan , White Leonard E , Wei Peter , Chen Steven , Platt Simon R , Provenzale James M
Published: November 2014

The goal of this study was to determine the degree to which ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters correlate to one another in white matter regions on very high resolution MR scans. Specifically, we hypothesized that radial diffusivity (RD) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) would correlate more closely than either would correlate with fractional anisotropy (FA).

We performed post mortem DTI imaging on three canine brains on a 7T MR scanner (TR = 100 ms, NEX = 1, gradient amplitude = 600 mT/m, b = 1492–1,565 s/mm2) and generated maps of FA, RD, and ADC. We measured RD, FA and ADC within 14 regions of interest representative of various portions of white matter. We compared the three combinations of values, i.e., FA vs ADC, FA vs RD and ADC vs RD, using linear regression models.

Linear regression demonstrated that RD was significantly correlated with FA (p ≪ 0.01; R2 = 0.3053) and also with ADC (p ≪ 0.01; R2 = 0.6755), but to a much greater degree. However, ADC was not significantly correlated with FA (p = 0.526; R2 = 0.101).

Our findings suggest that both RD and ADC reflect similar cytoarchitectural features, most likely that of myelination, whereas FA values likely reflect both myelination and additional microstructural features that constrain the diffusion of water in white matter.
Correcting for Sequencing Error in Maximum Likelihood Phylogeny Inference
Authors: Kuhner Mary K , McGill James
Published: November 2014

Accurate phylogenies are critical to taxonomy as well as studies of speciation processes and other evolutionary patterns. Accurate branch lengths in phylogenies are critical for dating and rate measurements. Such accuracy may be jeopardized by unacknowledged sequencing error. We use simulated data to test a correction for DNA sequencing error in maximum likelihood phylogeny inference. Over a wide range of data polymorphism and true error rate, we found that correcting for sequencing error improves recovery of the branch lengths, even if the assumed error rate is up to twice the true error rate. Low error rates have little effect on recovery of the topology. When error is high, correction improves topological inference; however, when error is extremely high, using an assumed error rate greater than the true error rate leads to poor recovery of both topology and branch lengths. The error correction approach tested here was proposed in 2004 but has not been widely used, perhaps because researchers do not want to commit to an estimate of the error rate. This study shows that correction with an approximate error rate is generally preferable to ignoring the issue.
Lokalne referendum odwoławcze – rys historyczny i propozycje zmian
Authors: Danel Łukasz
Published: November 2014

The article presents the history of local referenda that seek to recall local authorities in Poland following political changes. In recent years, Poles have proven willing to turn to local referenda to enforce political accountability of their representatives in local government bodies – especially municipality heads (town or city mayors). This has led to the activation of not only local communities, but also political parties and other civil organisations operating at the local level. In the heat of political struggle, the idea of referenda as a form of direct democracy disappears. In the second part of the article the author wonders whether politicians (even those occupying key positions in the country) harm this manifestation of the development of civil society in Poland. Finally, proposals submitted by the president of Poland B. Komorowski for amending some laws with regard to local recall referenda are analysed.
Koncepcje ustroju politycznego i ekonomiczno-społecznego Polskiego Stronnictwa Ludowego w latach 1989–2011
Authors: Kotulewicz Karolina
Published: November 2014

The article presents the evolution of the political thought of the Polish People’s Party (PSL) after 1989 and up until the parliamentary elections of 2011. The main issues to be tackled are the concept of the state’s political system as well as its economic model and social policy. PSL’s multiyear traditions and its values, among which family and religious values hold an important place, influence the party’s views. The party is active on the legislative and – through the creation of coalition governments – executive levels.
Prawnofinansowe konsekwencje wprowadzenia stanu nadzwyczajnego
Authors: Fill Wojciech
Published: November 2014

Acts regulating principles of operation of the state do not contain legal-financial norms during a state of emergency. The constitutional principle of the uniqueness of states of emergency leads one to believe, however, that the unusual nature of the situation in which a state and its citizens are in during a state of emergency justifies the taking of financial decisions legally that would in other circumstances be unacceptable. This thesis seems to be confirmed by the Public Finance Act, which provides for the exemption, at the time a state of emergency is introduced, of certain regulations concerning, among other things, the rigours associated with so-called disciplinary rule expenditure, the division of specific provisions and general provision and effecting transfers of budget expenditures, but above all of restrictions associated with implementing prudent and sanative procedures. The question therefore arises as to how far, in the purview of financial law, an executive branch, endowed with special powers during the state of emergency, can actually go without sacrificing its status as a legal democracy.
Zlecanie wykonywania zadań z zakresu gospodarowania odpadami komunalnymi
Authors: Mituś Ambroży
Published: November 2014

Waste management is one of the tasks of maintaining cleanliness and order in municipalities. It’s a fragment of the municipal economy, which includes, in particular, tasks related to public services. As a rule, local governments, including municipalities, are free to choose how and in which form to conduct municipal management. One of the tasks, where the particular regulations provide for limiting municipality autonomy in choosing the methods and forms of conducting municipal management is related to municipal waste management. Tasks carried out in this area may be delegated only after public tender, which is mostly regulated by the Public Procurement Act. Such a legal status means that even municipal companies must stand for tender, and self-government financial institutions are prevented from performing these tasks.
Google Scholar compared to Web of Science. A Literature Review
Authors: Mikki Susanne
Published: November 2014

Teaching information literacy at higher educational institutions forms the background for the current review. In order to provide an appropriate educational service for research scholars, Google Scholar is considered for teaching. To obtain insight into Google Scholar, it is compared to Web of Science (WoS), the most recognized database for peer reviewed content, well known to librarians and the research community. Both databases are multidisciplinary, provide links to library holdings and offer opportunities for export of references. In addition they have the powerful feature of tracking cited and citing items. The study aims at constructing a deeper understanding of Google Scholar. It is based on a literature review comparing database content, coverage and research impact measures.
Análise Social dos Fatores que Influenciam o Desenvolvimento e o Planejamento de Assentamentos Rurais: Os Casos dos Municípios de Cervantes e Guitiriz na Galícia
Authors: Brandão Vasco André Barbosa , Riveira Inés Santé , Maseda Rafael Crecente , Ferreira Neto José Ambrósio
Published: November 2014

Este artigo realiza uma análise social de fatores que influenciam o desenvolvimento e o planejamento dos núcleos populacionais rurais. Nesse sentido, busca determinar quais são e em que medida os objetos identificados exercem influência no espaço rural e no seu âmbito de atuação relacionados como lugares rurais. O objetivo é identificar a percepção social do espaço rural e do lugar desses núcleos rurais levando em consideração dois grupos sociais: a própria comunidade rural e um grupo de técnicos em planejamento. Como metodologia, realizou-se uma exploração in situassociada a visitas e entrevistas em campo, bem como uma aplicação de questionários ao grupo de técnicos. Conclui-se que ambas as explorações demonstram proximidades quanto às características dos assentamentos rurais e quanto aos seus problemas, bem como consideram que os elementos da paisagem devem ser entendidos como um ativo espacial e social no planejamento destas áreas.
Characteristics of physical activity programs in the Brazilian primary health care system
Authors: Gomes Grace Angélica de Oliveira , Kokubun Eduardo , Mieke Grégore Iven , Ramos Luiz Roberto , Pratt Michael , Parra Diana C. , Simões Eduardo , Florindo Alex A. , Bracco Mario , Cruz Danielle , Malta Deborah , Lobelo Felipe , Hallal Pedro C.
Published: November 2014

The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of programs that promote physical activity in the public primary care system by region of Brazil, subject to the presence or absence of multidisciplinary primary care teams (NASF). We conducted a cross sectional and population-based telephone survey of the health unit coordinators from 1,251 health care units. Coordinators were asked about the presence and characteristics of physical activity programs. Four out of ten health units reported having a physical activity intervention program, the most common involving walking groups. Most of the activities were performed in the morning, once or twice a week, and in sessions of 30 minutes or more. Physical education professionals were primarily responsible for directing the activities. Interventions occurred in the health unit itself or in adjacent community spaces. In general, these characteristics were similar between units with or without NASF, but varied substantially across regions. These findings will guide future physical activity policies and programs within primary care in Brazil.
Estudio de los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de la leishmaniasis: evidencias del olvido estatal en el Darién Colombiano
Authors: Carrillo-Bonilla Lina María , Trujillo Juan José , Álvarez-Salas Lizeth , Vélez-Bernal Iván Darío
Published: November 2014

La leishmaniasis cutánea americana (LCA) es considerada un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, y su incidencia en Colombia es de 12 mil casos por año. Durante años se han implementado programas de control, que frecuentemente ignoran características sociales, económicas y demográficas de las regiones afectadas. Como parte de un estudio de tipo epidemiológico, en este artículo se presentarán los resultados de un estudio sobre los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas (CAP) frente a la leishmaniasis, que tienen las poblaciones de las zonas rurales del municipio de Acandí, en el Darién Colombiano. Para el estudio se utilizaron herramientas cualitativas como la etnografía y cuantitativas, como las encuestas dirigidas. Los resultados ponen en manifiesto el desconocimiento de la población en aspectos fundamentales como el reconocimiento del vector. Además, existen diferencias en las CAP por género y por tipo de población, pero no por su distribución geográfica. Se evidenció el abandono estatal como factor determinante en la perpetuación de la enfermedad.
Designação sexual em crianças intersexo: uma breve análise dos casos de "genitália ambígua"
Authors: Guimarães Anibal , Barboza Heloísa Helena
Published: November 2014

Sob uma perspectiva ética, este trabalho tem como objetivo oferecer uma breve análise das recomendações terapêuticas que, no Brasil, são atualmente propostas para o diagnóstico de intersexualidade em crianças. A vertente explorada é a da “genitália ambígua”, considerada como uma das “anomalias da diferenciação sexual” (ADS). Salvo situações em que, de fato, existe risco de vida para os bebês diagnosticados como intersexo, não se verifica, na literatura internacional, consenso médico e institucional quanto à própria definição do que se denomina intersexo, nem tampouco quanto às recomendações terapêuticas propostas para o caso em questão. Cabe aos pais do incapaz, ou a seus responsáveis legais, a autorização para a realização de tais procedimentos. Dada a irreversibilidade que caracteriza alguns dos citados procedimentos, merecem atenção os relatos de pessoas intersexo que, em sua vida adulta, não reconhecem os benefícios físicos e psicossexuais que justificariam as intervenções sofridas em sua infância e adolescência.
Clase social, factores de riesgo psicosocial en el trabajo y su asociación con la salud autopercibida y mental en Chile
Authors: Rocha Kátia Bones , Muntaner Carles , Solar Orielle , Borrell Carme , Bernales Pamela , González María José , Ibañez Ciro , Benach Joan , Vallebuona Clélia
Published: November 2014

El objetivo fue examinar la relación entre clase social, riesgo psicosocial laboral y la salud autopercibida y mental en Chile. Se trata de un estudio transversal con los datos de la Primera Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Empleo, Trabajo, Calidad de Vida y Salud de los Trabajadores y Trabajadoras en Chile (N = 9.503). Las variables dependientes son: salud mental y salud autopercibida. Las variables explicativas son: clase social neo-marxista, factores de riesgo psicosocial y privación material. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y de regresión logística. Existen desigualdades en la distribución de los factores exposición laboral a riesgos psicosociales, según clase social y sexo. Además, la clase social y los factores de riesgo psicosocial en el trabajo están asociados a una distribución desigual de la salud autopercibida y salud mental entre la población trabajadora en Chile. Las intervenciones en el área de la salud de los trabajadores deben considerar la clase social y los factores de riesgo psicosocial a que están expuestos los trabajadores.
Association between eating patterns and body mass index in a sample of children and adolescents in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Santos Nadya Helena Alves dos , Fiaccone Rosemeire Leovigildo , Barreto Maurício Lima , Silva Luce Alves da , Silva Rita de Cássia Ribeiro
Published: November 2014

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between eating patterns and body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study of 1,247 male and female students, aged between 6 and 12, from public elementary schools in São Francisco do Conde, Bahia State, Brasil. BMI was used to analyze the children’s nutritional status. Food consumption frequencies, in addition to demographic and socioeconomic information, were collected for each participant. Dietary patterns were identified through a factor analysis. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 17.3% (10.2% overweight and 7.1% obese). Two eating patterns, “obesogenic” and “prudent”, were identified. The former is characterized by sweets and sugars, typical Brazilian dishes, pastries, fast food, oils, milk, cereals, cakes, and sauces, and was positively associated with increased BMI (ßi = 0.244; p = 0.018). An “obesogenic” dietary pattern was associated with increased BMI.
Intervenção governamental, crescimento e bem-estar: efeitos da política de Equalização das Taxas de Juros do crédito rural nas regiões brasileiras
Authors: Cardoso Débora Freire , Teixeira Erly Cardoso , Gurgel Ângelo Costa , Castro Eduardo Rodrigues de
Published: November 2014

O objetivo geral do trabalho é avaliar os impactos dos gastos governamentais com a política de Equalização das Taxas de Juros (ETJ) no crescimento econômico e bem-estar das cinco macrorregiões brasileiras. As simulações foram realizadas através do Projeto de Análise de Equilíbrio Geral da Economia Brasileira (PAEG). Verifica-se que a política de ETJ proporciona crescimento econômico nas regiões Centro-Oeste, Nordeste e Sul superior a seu custo. Por outro lado, nas regiões Norte e Sudeste, observa-se queda no PIB mediante os gastos com a ETJ. Para o Brasil, a política é custo-efetiva e apresenta retorno de 34%. Além disso, todas as regiões são beneficiadas em termos de bem-estar. Conclui-se que a política de ETJ é eficiente e contribui para a redução das disparidades regionais.
Contexto de trabalho das pessoas com deficiência no serviço público federal: contribuições do inventário sobre trabalho e riscos de adoecimento
Authors: Hoffmann Celina , Traverso Luciana Davi , Zanini Roselaine Ruviaro
Published: November 2014

Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar os antecedentes, medidores e efeitos do trabalho no processo de adoecimento dos servidores com deficiência que trabalham no serviço público federal de Santa Maria, por meio da aplicação do Itra. Este instrumento é composto por 4 escalas (EACT; ECHT; EIPST; EADRT) e tem como objetivo traçar um perfil dos antecedentes, medidores e efeitos do trabalho no processo de adoecimento, além de avaliar algumas dimensões da inter-relação trabalho e processo de subjetivação. Foram entrevistadas 14 pessoas com deficiência, estando distribuídas num total de 6 instituições públicas pertencentes à administração indireta. Os principais resultados apontam que os fatores indicadores de sofrimento não representam, na população pesquisada, existência de danos relacionados ao trabalho, sendo que os aspectos que denotaram vivências positivas como a "liberdade de expressão" e "realização profissional" apresentaram maior representatividade entre os fatores componentes das escalas.
Integrando a ergonomia ao projeto de engenharia: especificações ergonômicas e configurações de uso
Authors: Lima Francisco , Duarte Francisco
Published: November 2014

A contribuição da ergonomia aos projetos de engenharia é normalmente apresentada em manuais e normas técnicas cuja utilização é pouco efetiva. A integração da análise da atividade em projetos de engenharia procura ultrapassar as limitações das especificações ergonômicas, possibilitando o retorno de experiência das situações existentes ao projeto de novas situações, sem reduzir a complexidade da realidade de trabalho. Essa passagem é um problema ainda não resolvido, sobretudo, no contexto atual de subcontratação das etapas iniciais dos projetos de grande porte. Neste artigo, a partir da análise de situações de trabalho em plataformas offshore, esta passagem é formalizada por meio do conceito de configurações de uso: esquemas de utilização que preservam relações essenciais das situações reais, formuladas num nível mais elevado de abstração do que as especificações ergonômicas usuais e capazes de orientar a atividade dos projetistas e ergonomistas desde os estudos de base. Essas configurações se situam entre guidelines genéricos, pouco operacionais para os projetistas, e especificações detalhadas, aplicáveis somente nas etapas finais dos projetos. O objetivo final é atuar desde o início do processo projetual, quando as margens de manobra são maiores, por meio de especificações capazes de orientar as escolhas técnicas que determinam as condições de trabalho nas futuras plataformas.
As organizações e a ISO 26000: revisão dos conceitos, dos motivadores e das barreiras de implementação
Authors: Deus Rafael Mattos de , Seles Bruno Michel Roman Pais , Vieira Karina Rabelo Ogasawara
Published: November 2014

A ISO 26000, publicada em 2010, trata sobre o tema de Responsabilidade Social das Organizações. Esse estudo apresenta uma revisão sistemática nas bases de dados ISI Web of Science e Scopus sobre a questão: "quais são as barreiras e motivadores da adoção da ISO 26000 para as organizações?". Os artigos foram selecionados por filtros baseados em dois critérios de inclusão. Os dados foram sumarizados em uma tabela abrangendo os conceitos de ISO 26000, os motivadores e as barreiras. Os motivadores encontrados foram: globalização - competição em mercados internacionais; congruência com sistemas de gestão; reputação (imagem) da empresa; relação com os funcionários e melhora do ambiente organizacional; melhora na relação com stakeholders externos; vantagem competitiva/estratégias; guia para a Responsabilidade Social Corporativa (RSC); e diminuição dos riscos do negócio. As barreiras encontradas foram: falta de alinhamento da RSC com a estratégia organizacional; comercial (nacional e internacional); falta de compreensão da ISO 26000; falta de comunicação; falta de ferramentas; falta de sensibilidade ao tema; foco no curto prazo; gestão do conhecimento; receio em não cumprir a norma; recursos financeiros. Por fim, uma agenda para estudos futuros foi elaborada.
Para além da sociedade civil: reflexões sobre o campo feminista
Authors: Alvarez Sonia E.
Published: November 2014

Este artigo propõe uma linguagem conceitual, um aparelho interpretativo e uma nova unidade de análise para repensarmos as dinâmicas e mudanças dos feminismos no Brasil e América Latina. Enquadrando os feminismos como campos discursivos de ação, elabora uma revisão narrativa de três momentos na trajetória dos feminismos contemporâneos à luz dessa abordagem analítica: 1) o "centramento" e a configuração do feminismo no singular; 2) o descentramento e pluralização dos feminismos e o "mainstreaming" (fluxos verticais) do gênero; e 3) o momento atual de "sidestreaming" (fluxos horizontais) dos feminismos plurais e a multiplicação de campos feministas.
Desafios à despatriarcalização do Estado brasileiro
Authors: Matos Marlise , Paradis Clarisse Goulart
Published: November 2014

Este artigo debate o tema da despatriarcalização do Estado brasileiro, especialmente, a partir da dinâmica de participação/representação nos âmbitos dos poderes Executivo e Legislativo. Esse é um processo em curso no Brasil (e também em outros países latino-americanos). O artigo trás uma contribuição ao debate sobre as agendas de descolonização das nossas sociedades e também do Estado, numa perspectiva em que o marcador de gênero não seja tratado perifericamente, mas como elemento estratégico para a descolonização/despatriarcalização do Estado, um dos eixos centrais de análise das opressões de origem patriarcal. Mas para chegar a esse ponto foi necessário um percurso longo por leituras críticas da teoria feminista e do pensamento social brasileiro, que debateram sobre estruturas, valores e fundamentações teóricas de um sistema social e político que afirmo ser ainda enraizadamente patriarcal e neocolonial em nosso país. Veremos como esse contexto é permeado de inúmeras contradições: o patriarcado tem igualmente se transformado e, infelizmente, continua moldando as nossas instituições estatais, tratando de garantir e sustentar a inserção subordinada das mulheres nas distintas dimensões da esfera pública e, com isso, retardando e muito os avanços que os movimentos de mulheres demandam e lutam, mas já há iniciativas também em curso de mecanismos que possam compor sistemas de responsabilização institucional sensíveis a gênero e que sejam receptivos a processos continuados de empoderamento das mulheres como estratégia democratizadora do Estado brasileiro no âmbito dos poderes Legislativo, Executivo e Judiciário.
Mulheres, direitos políticos, gênero e feminismo
Authors: Prá Jussara Reis
Published: November 2014

Este artigo examina os direitos políticos das mulheres na história recente da América Latina, focalizando os quatro países da região que elegeram mulheres presidentes a partir de meados dos anos 2000 - Argentina, Brasil, Chile e Costa Rica. O estudo reflete sobre os avanços e os desafios na esfera da participação e da representação política feminina, com base em estudos e pesquisas feministas sobre gênero e política e nas recomendações do Comitê de monitoramento da Convenção sobre a Eliminação de todas as Formas de Discriminação contra a Mulher aos países examinados.
Dor musculoesquelética e vulnerabilidade ocupacional em trabalhadores do setor público municipal em Belo Horizonte, Brasil
Authors: Fantini Adriana Judith Esteves , Assunção Ada Ávila , Machado Ana Flávia
Published: November 2014

Este artigo buscou descrever o perfil dos trabalhadores no setor público municipal em relação à ocorrência autorreferida de dor musculoesquelética (DME). Em 2009, foi realizado um estudo seccional em Belo Horizonte que avaliou características sociodemográficas, funcionais, condição de saúde, hábitos e qualidade de vida, por meio de questionário autoaplicado. Utilizou-se o método Grade of Membership (GoM) para definir os perfis e os graus de pertencimento a cada perfil particular. Três perfis de referência foram identificados: trabalhador com dor; trabalhador sem dor; não respondentes. Diante dos perfis de referência, a tipologia de associação entre trabalho e ocorrência autorreferida de DME classificou 89,9% da amostra. A tipologia foi organizada em cinco perfis: misto (4,1%); trabalhador doente (12,0%); trabalhador mais vulnerável à DME (16,9%); trabalhador menos vulnerável à DME (22,6%); e trabalhador saudável (34,3%). A análise dos perfis permitiu esclarecer as conexões entre DME e os fatores físicos e psicossociais do trabalho no serviço público municipal, indicando vias para a reflexão sobre as iniquidades em saúde musculoesquelética e a vulnerabilidade ocupacional.
Technological incorporation in the Unified Health System (SUS): the problem and ensuing challenges
Authors: Guimarães Reinaldo
Published: November 2014

Technological incorporation is a central topic among the concerns regarding health care systems. This paper discusses the role of technology dynamics in health systems' cost increases, suggesting two different approaches - a 'pragmatic-economic' approach and a 'rational-defensive' approach - as guidelines to explain the reasons for this centrality. The paper shows how judicialization results from this situation and discusses two doctrinal views - 'reserve for contingencies' and 'rational use' - as the views that usually guide the debates in the courts and among health policy makers. The paper suggests that the attitude currently prevalent in the Brazilian judiciary system can prejudice the principle of equity by improperly evaluating the principle of integrality. We present a brief genealogy of HTA and a timeline of HTA in Brazil. We also discuss the relevance and the impact of Law 12401/2011, which regulates the principle of integrality in the Unified Health System (SUS) and propose three challenges to the development of HTA actions aiming at technology incorporation in Brazil. Finally, we discuss the entry and the role of private health insurance companies, emphasizing changes in the scenario and in their position.
The evolution of the federal funding policies for the public health surveillance component of Brazil's Unified Health System (SUS)
Authors: Pinto Junior Vitor Laerte , Cerbino Neto José , Penna Gerson Oliveira
Published: November 2014

Health surveillance (HS) is one of the key components of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). This article describes recent changes in health surveillance funding models and the role these changes have had in the reorganization and decentralization of health actions. Federal law no. 8.080 of 1990 defined health surveillance as a fundamental pillar of the SUS, and an exclusive fund with equitable distribution criteria was created in the Basic Operational Norm of 1996 to pay for health surveillance actions. This step facilitated the decentralization of health care at the municipal level, giving local authorities autonomy to plan and provide services. The Health Pact of 2006 and its regulation under federal decree No. 3252 in 2009 bolstered the processes of decentralization, regionalization and integration of health care. Further changes in the basic concepts of health surveillance around the world and in the funding policies negotiated by different spheres of government in Brazil have been catalysts for the process of HS institutionalization in recent years.
Health of subsistence fishermen and challenges for Occupational Health Surveillance
Authors: Pena Paulo Gilvane Lopes , Gomez Carlos Minayo
Published: November 2014

There are approximately a million subsistence fishermen in Brazil whose activities expose them to severe occupational hazards without adequate health protection. This article conducts an analysis of working conditions and health risks faced by subsistence fishermen and outlines challenges to the implementation of Occupational Health Surveillance (VISAT) actions. The methodology is based on qualitative analysis of risks and working conditions through observation and interviews, and diagnosis of occupational illnesses with clinical evaluation. Mobile teams conducted eight years of activities together with fishing communities throughout the state of Bahia. The results revealed the challenge of surveying a traditional self-employed category with relative management autonomy. Fishermen face precarious living conditions without access to occupational health services. They are exposed to thirty work-related illnesses without protection, diagnosis, treatment and social security coverage. The conclusion reached is that there is a need for intersectorial VISAT action to reduce excessive working hours, organization of the Unified Health System (SUS) for acknowledgement of occupational illnesses and guaranteeing social security rights through actions focused on health education.
O trabalho como operador de saúde
Authors: Silva Claudia Osorio da , Ramminger Tatiana
Published: November 2014

Os estudos sobre a relação entre saúde e trabalho tendem a destacar seu viés negativo e patológico, como se o trabalho produzisse apenas adoecimento e alienação. Ao contrário, nossa proposta é pensar como o trabalho também pode produzir saúde. A partir do conceito de saúde de Canguilhem e das contribuições das chamadas "clínicas do trabalho", queremos analisar a função do trabalho como operador de saúde. Canguilhem afirma que a saúde não é adaptativa, ou seja, não é um bem adaptar-se ao mundo, mas uma criação de normas de vida. Já as clínicas do trabalho nos fornecem ferramentas para nos aproximar do saber-fazer produzido pelos trabalhadores em seu cotidiano de trabalho, ou seja, de como os trabalhadores não apenas adaptam-se ao trabalho, mas o criam e recriam permanentemente. Sendo assim, podemos pensar no trabalho como operador de saúde quando há lugar para a criação coletiva e pessoal, bem como para o reconhecimento do trabalhador em sua atividade.
A pattern of adult involvement in highway acidentes
Authors: Bringmann Paulina Bertól , Ferreira Érika Cristina , Bringmann Nevton Valdir , Pelloso Sandra Maria , Carvalho Maria Dalva de Barros
Published: November 2014

This study aimed to identify the set of circumstances that contributed to the involvement of adults in traffic accidents. The study was of the cross-sectional type using secondary data. The patterns were identified through cluster analysis using a method called Hierarchical Ascendant Classification. Five classes were identified. Three classes involved males with minor injuries resulting from accidents between vehicles or vehicle-object, during the daytime and with dry road surface conditions. Two classes involved females, resulting in severe injuries, and were notable for occurring during the night and with a lower rate of use of seat belts. The findings of this study, especially in relation to the more serious accidents involving the female drivers, draw attention to this situation and point to a need for further studies involving these classes, which are increasingly common in traffic patterns.
Contexto de trabalho e custo humano no trabalho em um órgão do poder judiciário brasileiro
Authors: Antloga Carla Sabrina , Maia Marina , Cunha Kamilla Rocha , Peixoto Juliana
Published: November 2014

Nos últimos anos, visando a garantir a efetividade da justiça, iniciou-se o processo de reforma do judiciário brasileiro. Se, por um lado, as mudanças têm sido significativas e positivas, por outro pouco se sabe dos impactos das transformações sobre o trabalhador. A fim de dar visibilidade aos efeitos destas transformações, com base no referencial teórico da ergonomia da atividade, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o Contexto de Trabalho e o Custo Humano no Trabalho em um órgão do Poder Judiciário brasileiro. Utilizaram-se a Escala de Avaliação do Contexto de Trabalho (EACT) e a Escala de Custo Humano no Trabalho (ECHT), ambas componentes do Inventário sobre Trabalho e Risco de Adoecimento (ITRA). Participaram deste estudo 383 servidores de diferentes lotações, sendo 58% do sexo feminino, 62,7% com curso de pós-graduação completo, 59,3% casados e 53% com idade entre 21 e 40 anos. Os resultados apontam, na EACT, para avaliações tendendo a críticas nos fatores Organização do Trabalho e Relações Socioprofissionais. No caso da ECHT, os fatores Custo Afetivo e Custo Cognitivo tiveram avaliação de moderada a crítica. A ANOVA evidenciou diferenças de percepções relacionadas a algumas variáveis sociodemográficas.
Overview of systematic reviews - a new type of study. Part II
Authors: Silva Valter , Grande Antonio Jose , Carvalho Alan Pedrosa Viegas de , Martimbianco Ana Luiza Cabrera , Riera Rachel
Published: November 2014

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Overviews of Systematic Reviews (OoRs) are a new type of study in which multiple evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) is compiled into an accessible and useful document. The aim here was to describe the state of the art and critically assess Cochrane OoRs that have been published.DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive study conducted at a research center.METHODS: The OoRs identified through the filter developed in Part I of this study were evaluated in five domains: methodological quality; quality of evidence; implications for practice; general profile of OoRs; and length of work.RESULTS: All 13 OoRs included had high methodological quality. Some OoRs did not present sufficient data to judge the quality of evidence; using sensitivity analysis, the quality of evidence of the OoRs increased. Regarding implications for practice, 64% of the interventions were judged as beneficial or harmful, while 36% of them showed insufficient evidence for judgment. It is expected (with 95% confidence interval) that one OoR will include 9,462 to 64,469 patients, 9 to 29 systematic reviews and 80 to 344 primary studies, and assess 6 to 21 interventions; and that 50 to 92% of OoRs will produce meta-analysis. The OoRs generated 2 to 26 meta-analyses over a period of 18 to 31 months.CONCLUSION: The OoRs presented high methodological quality; the quality of evidence tended to be moderate/high; most interventions were judged to be beneficial/harmful; the mean length of work was 24 months. The OoR profile adds power to decision-making.