bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How do abiotic environmental variables shape benthic diatom assemblages in subtropical streams?
Authors: Tsoi Wing Ying , Hadwen Wade L. , Sheldon F.
Published: July 2016

Diatoms (Division Bacillariophyta) commonly dominate benthic algal communities in upland streams and are the major primary producers that sit at the base of food webs. Given their ecological importance, the aim of the present study was to investigate the spatial patterns of freshwater biofilm biomass and diatom assemblage composition in response to differences in physical and chemical variables in the Bremer, Logan and Albert catchments in south-east Queensland. Patterns in benthic diatom assemblage structure were examined during base flow conditions and the focus was on relating the spatial hierarchical interrelationships among ultimate (i.e. catchments and geology) and proximate (i.e. flow, nutrients, light, conductivity, pH and turbidity) environmental drivers. The spatial difference observed in the benthic diatom assemblages was predominantly driven by proximate environmental drivers, which, in turn, were affected by ultimate drivers. Flow played a critical role in controlling both biofilm biomass and affecting the occurrence of diatom taxa. Nutrients and light also played roles as limiting resources structuring biofilm biomass and the relative abundance of diatoms. Diatom growth form, cell size and attachment mode can be used to create a more quantitative and predictive approach to establishing relationships between diatoms and environmental gradients.
Fire regime from 1973 to 2011 in north-western Patagonian grasslands
Authors: Oddi Facundo José , Ghermandi Luciana
Published: July 2016

Fire is one of the most important disturbances in terrestrial ecosystems and has major ecological and socioeconomic impacts. Fire regime describes the variation of individual fire events in time and space. Few studies have characterised the fire regime in grasslands in spite of the importance of these ecosystems. The aim of this study was to describe the recent fire regime (from 1973 to 2011) of north-western Patagonian grasslands in terms of seasonality, frequency and burned area. Our study area covered 560 000 ha and we used a remote sensing approach combined with statistics obtained from operational databases. Fires occur during the summer in 2 of every 3 years with a frequency of 2.7 fires per year and a mean size of 823 ha. Fire size distribution is characterised by many small fires and few large ones which would respond to a distribution from the power law family. Eighty per cent of the total area affected by fire was burned in the span of a few years, which were also widespread fire years in forests and woodlands of north-western Patagonia. This work contributes to general knowledge about fire regimes in grasslands and we expect that our results will serve as a reference to further fire regime research.
Agreement attraction in Serbian
Authors: Ristic Bojana , Molinaro Nicola , Mancini Simona
Published: July 2016

Asymmetric number attraction effects have been typically explained via a privative markedness account: plural nouns are more marked than singular ones and thus stronger attractors. However, this account does not explain results from tripartite systems, in which a third number value is available, like paucal. Here we tested whether attraction effects can be driven by specific markedness sub-components, such as frequency/naturalness of use, using Serbian, in which participles can agree with masculine subjects in singular, plural and paucal. We first conducted a naturalness judgment task, finding the following naturalness/frequency pattern: singular,plural<paucal. In a subsequent forced-choice task, we presented participants with preambles containing a singular, a plural or a paucal headnoun (the castle[Sg] /two castles[Pauc] /the castles[Pl]) modified by singular/plural/paucal attractors (with the window[Sg] /with two windows[Pauc] /with the windows[Pl]). Three options were provided to complete the sentence (resembles[Sg] /resemble[Pauc] /resemble[Pl] gothic architecture).Both accuracy and reaction times (RTs) were collected. Accuracy data reflected the naturalness/frequency pattern, with paucal being the strongest attractor, and plural and singular attracting equally. However, reaction times showed a difference between singular and plural, suggesting co-influence of both frequency/naturalness and morphological markedness. We emphasize the necessity of re-defining markedness and testing attraction through different markedness sub-components (i.e. frequency/naturalness) to explain attraction cross-linguistically.
Montedor, de J. Rentes de Carvalho
Authors: Nogueira Carlos
Published: July 2016

After four decades of literary recognition in Holland, where he lived and was a professor of Portuguese Literature, the Portuguese author J. Rentes de Carvalho (born in Vila Nova de Gaia, 1930) was almost completely ignored in Portugal until about five years ago. Today he is read and valued in Portuguese literary journalism, but academic studies of his work are rare. This article analyzes the author’s first novel, Montedor (1968), which combines traditional and modern elements, and is regarded as one of the great works of Portuguese literature. In particular, we will see how the novel presents a special type of pícaro (rogue), to whose distinctive and hyperactive consciousness the reader gains access through the narrative technique of stream of consciousness.
Unconscious ties that bind – attending to complexes in the classroom: part 2
Authors: Fidyk Alexandra L.
Published: July 2016

Continuing the argument from Part 1, regarding the cultural unconscious and cultural complexes, a case is made for the significance of attending to the unconscious in the classroom. Understanding of cultural and familial complexes and the way parental psychology gets replayed within schools aims to bring greater awareness to the psychology of group life. Here specific attention is given to the family unconscious, family complexes, family soul, and the ancestors – both personal and archetypal. A method borrowed from family constellation work and rooted in African traditions of healing is outlined. This method is offered in an effort to unlock unconscious familial patterns whereby the emergence of new images may not only contribute to healing but also might have long-term effects on learning. Transgenerational patterns shaped by traumatic experiences, life events, cultural and environmental factors affect students, and so their learning. Parallel findings in epigenetics are also considered to be able to better contribute in long-lasting ways to resolving conflict, as well as to understanding deeper issues affecting our relations within education.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa renews its virulence factors
Authors: Huber Philippe , Basso Pauline , Reboud Emeline , Attrée Ina
Published: July 2016

Highly divergent strains of the major human opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been isolated around the world by different research laboratories. They came from patients with various types of infectious diseases or from the environment. These strains are devoid of the major virulence factor used by classical strains, the Type III secretion system, but possess additional putative virulence factors, including a novel two‐partner secretion system, ExlBA, responsible for the hypervirulent behavior of some clinical isolates. Here, we review the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of these recently‐discovered P. aeruginosa outliers.
Global Governance and Global Summits from the G8 to the G20: History, Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Prodi Romano
Published: July 2016

Pivotal informal organizations, above all the G20, the G7 and the BRICS, have accumulated growing power in recent years. At a basic level, informal organizations differ from the formal institutions such as the UN and the IMF in a number of key ways: membership structure; foundational or legitimizational character and level of bureaucracy. What are the implications of this phenomenon for global governance? What does this shift from a hub club to a focal point network imply for innovation in modes of cooperation? The author has participated in numerous such summits, in his capacity as Prime Minister of Italy and President of the European Commission, and shares his first‐hand thoughts.
Negotiating development narratives within large‐scale oil palm projects on village lands in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Andersen Astrid Oberborbeck , Bruun Thilde Bech , Egay Kelvin , Fenger Milja , Klee Simone , Pedersen Anna Frohn , Pedersen Lærke Marie Lund , Suárez Villanueva Victor
Published: July 2016

The Malaysian state of Sarawak on the island of Borneo is one of the global hotspots of deforestation and forest degradation. The planting of oil palm has played a key role in the transformation of land use in the state. While much of the expansion in Sarawak so far has taken place in state forests (80%), many new plantations are being established on native customary rights (NCR) land. A significant portion of the total land area in Sarawak (20–25%) is claimed as native customary land where villagers traditionally practise extensive, semi‐subsistence farming. This article explores how major resource development projects intersect with and accentuate internal community differences in sites of new plantations. We do so by examining the case of an Iban village where the introduction of a large‐scale oil palm scheme has resulted in conflict and division within the community. By analysing the narratives that suggest that large‐scale land development projects ‘bring development to the people’, utilising ‘idle lands’ and ‘creating employment’ to lift them out of poverty, we argue that political and economic processes related to cultivation of oil palm intersect with local community differences in two ways. First, these projects cement and enhance internal power structures and inequalities. Second, the government's development narratives influence communities and link local community relations with national political discourses in complex ways.
Optimisation of aqueous extraction conditions for the recovery of phenolic compounds and antioxidants from lemon pomace
Authors: Papoutsis Konstantinos , Pristijono Penta , Golding John B. , Stathopoulos Costas E. , Bowyer Michael C. , Scarlett Christopher J. , Vuong Quan V.
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study was to optimise the aqueous extraction conditions for the recovery of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of lemon pomace using response surface methodology. An experiment based on Box–Behnken design was conducted to analyse the effects of temperature, time and sample‐to‐water ratio on the extraction of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, proanthocyanidins and antioxidant capacity. Sample‐to‐solvent ratio had a negative effect on all the dependent variables, while extraction temperature and time had a positive effect only on TPC yields and ABTS antioxidant capacity. The optimal extraction conditions were 95 °C, 15 min and a sample‐to‐solvent ratio of 1:100 g mL−1. Under these conditions, the aqueous extracts had the same content of TPC and TF as well as antioxidant capacity in comparison with those of methanol extracts obtained by sonication. Therefore, these conditions could be applied for further extraction and isolation of phenolic compounds from lemon pomace.
Biopolymer films and the effects of added lipids, nanoparticles and antimicrobials on their mechanical and barrier properties: a review
Authors: Castro‐Rosas Javier , Cruz‐Galvez Andres M. , Gomez‐Aldapa Carlos Alberto , Falfan‐Cortes Reyna N. , Guzman‐Ortiz Fabiola Araceli , Rodríguez‐Marín Maria Luisa
Published: July 2016

Packaging made from biodegradable biopolymers such as proteins, polysaccharides and lipids is a promising alternative to synthetic polymers. Films made from these biopolymers exhibit certain disadvantages in terms of their mechanical, barrier and physicochemical properties. Plasticisers, nanoparticles, lipids and antimicrobial compounds can be added to them to improve these properties. The tendency of biopolymer films to brittleness can be mitigated by adding plasticisers and/or nanoparticles. These films also tend to have high water vapour permeability, which can be reduced by adding lipids and/or nanoparticles. Incorporating natural compounds with antimicrobial activity into biopolymer films can provide them the advantages of maintaining food safety and extending shelf life. Addition of plasticisers, nanoparticles, lipids and/or antimicrobial compounds to biopolymer films can help to make them comparable to conventional synthetic films with the advantages that they reduce pollution and are biodegradable.
A win for ‘proper people’?: Brexit as a rejection of the networked world
Authors: Runciman David
Published: July 2016

The referendum result, David Runciman suggests, was won by those who feel excluded from modern, highly networked forms of economy and society. The tragedy, he argues, is that the elites on the losing side will be able – and likely – to respond not by re‐engaging with national politics but by distancing themselves even further from it.
A new way back for social democracy?: The EU referendum and its lessons for the left
Authors: Bogdanor Vernon
Published: July 2016

Vernon Bogdanor outlines the opportunities for the left in the wake of the Brexit vote, to renew its relationship with working‐class voters, to refocus policy and resources on undersupported areas, and to pursue electoral reform to help start to close the divisions that the referendum has exposed.
Understanding Brexit: Why does it feel like this and where do we go from here?
Authors: Kibasi Tom
Published: July 2016

The success of the Leave campaign reflects the fundamental disconnect, Tom Kibasi argues, between expectations and the realities of life for many. Confronting the response required, he says, means closing this gap, and ‘understanding that we are more than what we owe and what we own’. This is the new ‘battle for Britain’.
Knowledge of how to combine: Organising, renewal and the Labour party
Authors: Perera Kathryn
Published: July 2016

Kathryn Perera argues for placing organising – knowing ‘how to combine’ – at the heart of Labour party renewal. While recent efforts have petered out or drifted away from core electioneering, she outlines the organising mindset that has the potential to provide the ‘means to channel expressive demand into political action’.
Doodling Effects on Junior High School Students’ Learning
Authors: Tadayon Mariam , Afhami Reza
Published: July 2016

The main purpose of this study was to assess the effects of doodling on the learning performance of high school female students in Tehran. The design of this research was a pre‐test–post‐test with a control group. A group of 169 junior high school 12–13 year‐old students was chosen for this study. After being taught a section of the Natural Science course, the students were asked to answer questions related to the lessons. After that, their grades were used as the pre‐test scores. The post‐test was carried out after the devised treatment. During ten sessions of the same course and teacher, the students were each given a blank sheet of paper and were asked for doodling if they felt like doing it. After each session, a couple of relevant written questions were asked to evaluate how well students had learned the lessons. The experiment and control group both consisted of 27 randomly selected students; participants in the experiment group were doodlers and those in the control group did not doodle. To evaluate the doodling effect a t‐test analysis was performed. Comparison of the grades showed that the experiment group outperformed the control group significantly.
A Protocol for Treatment of Minor Orthodontic Relapse During Retention
Authors: Brezulier Damien , Turpin Yann‐Loïg , Sorel Olivier
Published: July 2016

Objectives

Successful orthodontic treatment presupposes that the esthetic and functional outcomes are maintained. Bonded retainers on the incisors and canines provide this stability. Failure of one or two units exposes the teeth to a relapse. This article describes the use of a retainer wire and an elastic device to provide rapid, effective and esthetic correction of incipient crowding.

Clinical aspects

After removing the retainer, a fixed appliance comprising a replacement retainer and a clear elastic are positioned. This device exerts a free tipping force on malpositioned teeth. The space required to realign the contact points is obtained by stripping. When the misaligned teeth are corrected, they are bonded to the retainer and the height of the incisal edges is equalized.

Conclusions

The combination of a new elastic‐activated retainer and stripping makes it possible to ensure rapid and effective correction of moderate relapsed crowding.

Clinical Significance

This article demonstrates the efficacy of a retainer used to correct incipient relapsing crowding. The esthetics of the anterior alignment is restored by means of an almost invisible device. This solution also permits functional guidance to be restored with minimal intervention on the dental tissues while avoiding conventional esthetic techniques involving lingual brackets. (J Esthet Restor Dent 28:359–366,2016)
Spilanthol Content in the Extract Obtained by Supercritical CO2 at Different Storage Times of Acmella Oleracea L.
Authors: Barbosa Alan Franco , Pereira Cristiane De Souza Siqueira , Mendes Marisa Fernandes , De Carvalho Junior Raul Nunes , De Carvalho Mário Geraldo , Maia José Guilherme Soares , Sabaa‐Srur Armando Ubirajara Oliveira
Published: July 2016

The effect of the storage time on spilanthol content in the extract from Jambu obtained by supercritical CO2 was evaluated on respect of their chemical properties. Lyophilized Jambu and partially dehydrated with cold air circulation was stored in an oven at 40°C for 195 days. After different storage times (0, 21, 41, 89 and 195 days), the samples were submitted to supercritical fluid extraction at the same operational condition of 300 bar and 40°C. The obtained extracts were analyzed by 1H and 1³C NMR and GC‐MS. The extract from lyophilized Jambu and from different storage times provided the respective spilanthol content, % (storage days): 1.07 (lyophilized); 0.68 (0); 0.41 (21); 0.31 (41); 0.41 (89) and 0.42 (195). These determinations allowed the identification of the constant presence of spilanthol as the major metabolite in the extracts, regardless of storage time, revealing the viability of the market for this product in chemical composition.

Practical Applications

This paper showed the presence of spilanthol in all the extracts from a supercritical fluid, despite of the different storage times that the raw material (Jambu) was submitted, proving that it did not suffer degradation. This result is significant because spilanthol is considered the most special metabolite present in Jambu. Moreover, it has many biological properties and confers flavor with tingling and salivation during consumption.
Sofosbuvir‐based regimens for the treatment of hepatitis C virus in patients who underwent lung transplant: case series and review of the literature
Authors: D'Ambrosio Roberta , Aghemo Alessio , Rossetti Valeria , Carrinola Rosaria , Colombo Massimo
Published: July 2016

Background

Chronic infection with HCV can rapidly progress to cirrhosis leading to increased mortality rates in immunosuppressed organ‐transplanted patients. In liver‐transplanted patients, the introduction of directly acting antivirals has modified HCV natural history by providing a safe and effective therapy for this group of patients. To date there are no data on safety and efficacy of IFN‐free regimens in HCV patients who received lung transplant (LuT).

Methods

We report three patients who have received anti‐HCV treatment after LuT with Sofosbuvir‐based regimens.

Results

All patients achieved a SVR, no unexpected safety signals were observed and no modifications in immunosuppressants were required.

Conclusions

Our report is the first to show that HCV patients who underwent LuT can be safely treated with IFN‐free regimens, thus opening the door for refined clinical management of this category of patients.
On the Number of Licenses with Signalling
Authors: Antelo Manel , Sampayo Antonio
Published: July 2016

We analyse a two‐period licensing game in which a non‐producing upstream patent holder licenses an innovation that lasts for two periods to either one or two downstream users. Licensing is made through a payment based on a two‐part tariff, namely a fixed fee plus a royalty per output unit. Regarding the innovation value when commercialized by each user (high or low), we compare a symmetric information context where such value is publicly known with a situation in which users have private information about the value, but with their period‐1 output signalling that value. We find that the patent holder is more likely to prefer to grant two licenses under signalling than under symmetric information, which highlights the benefits of resorting to market competition between users to reduce the amount of informational rents.
Flying under the radar: The non‐canonical biochemistry and molecular biology of petrobactin from Bacillus anthracis
Authors: Hagan A.K. , Carlson P.E. , Hanna P.C.
Published: July 2016

The dramatic, rapid growth of Bacillus anthracis that occurs during systemic anthrax implies a crucial requirement for the efficient acquisition of iron. While recent advances in our understanding of B. anthracis iron acquisition systems indicate the use of strategies similar to other pathogens, this review focuses on unique features of the major siderophore system, petrobactin. Ways that petrobactin differs from other siderophores include: A. unique ferric iron binding moieties that allow petrobactin to evade host immune proteins; B. a biosynthetic operon that encodes enzymes from both major siderophore biosynthesis classes; C. redundancy in membrane transport systems for acquisition of Fe‐petrobactin holo‐complexes; and, D. regulation that appears to be controlled predominately by sensing the host‐like environmental signals of temperature, CO2 levels and oxidative stress, as opposed to canonical sensing of intracellular iron levels. We argue that these differences contribute in meaningful ways to B. anthracis pathogenesis. This review will also outline current major gaps in our understanding of the petrobactin iron acquisition system, some projected means for exploiting current knowledge, and potential future research directions.
Non‐invasive quantification of melanin in the stratum corneum: a novel indicator of skin lesions in pigmentation diseases
Authors: Matsunaka H. , Yamamoto Y. , Furukawa F.
Published: July 2016

Background/Purpose

Skin melanin content is an important indicator for ascertaining the pathology of skin pigmentation diseases, but its analysis necessitates a biopsy or other means of collecting tissue, posing a considerable burden to the patient, and making it difficult to observe how a given skin site changes over time. Here, we aimed to establish a non‐invasive method for quantifying the eumelanin and pheomelanin content of the stratum corneum.

Methods

Sun‐exposed and non‐exposed samples from 10 healthy Japanese subjects were compared. We harvested the outermost layer of the stratum corneum by tape‐stripping, considering the outer side of the forearm as a sun‐exposed area, and medial side of the upper arm as a non‐exposed area. Four additional subjects were included in the analysis of change in melanin content over time at the same skin site. The anterior lower leg received a single exposure to two minimal erythema dose sunlight, and the stratum corneum was harvested from the same site over a period of 20 weeks; we subsequently quantified the levels of eumelanin and pheomelanin using high‐performance liquid chromatography.

Results

We were able to accurately quantify the eumelanin and pheomelanin contents of the stratum corneum, and to observe the evolution of the same skin site over time. Eumelanin levels were significantly higher in the sun‐exposed area, with a peak in melanin observed after 11–15 weeks of sun exposure.

Conclusion

This non‐invasive method can serve as a marker for pathology of skin pigmentation diseases such as malignant tumors.
Method, MacIntyre, and Pedagogy: Inviting Students to Participate in Theology as a Living Conversation
Authors: Crane Richard D.
Published: July 2016

Teaching theology within academic institutions with confessional commitments and theologically conservative students requires holding together, in creative tension, two pedagogical goals. The challenge is to promote rigorous academic inquiry by encouraging student openness to engagement with perspectives that challenge their own beliefs while simultaneously constructing a course that is experienced as a safe space where students do not feel their personal faith is under attack. This essay presents the argument that a methodological framework for introductory theology courses informed by Alasdair MacIntyre's reflections on the nature of living traditions holds great promise for achieving these objectives. The essay will also describe how a creative extended analogy drawn from the game of basketball facilitates student comprehension of this initially abstract intellectual framework. Finally, the essay will offer some representative examples of student participation in course online discussion forums in order to illustrate the effectiveness of this approach for student learning.
Forum: Insiders, Outsiders, and Disclosure in the Undergraduate Classroom
Authors: Bazzano Elliott A. , Truschke Audrey , Yeo Jayme M.
Published: July 2016

In this set of essays, three authors provide different perspectives on whether personal religious sensibilities and identities affect the ways we teach religion. Elliott Bazzano discusses how, as a white Muslim convert teaching at a Catholic college, he incorporates selective autobiographical anecdotes into his classes as a way to problematize the meaning of “insider” and “outsider,” and pushes his students to recognize the many layers of identity that any given person embodies at a given time. In the second essay, Audrey Truschke explains why she makes no reference to her own religious beliefs or affiliations in class as part of her strategy to demonstrate how students can study any religion regardless of personal convictions. In the third essay, Jayme Yeo explores the benefits of discussing personal religious identity as a means to resist the categories of “inside” and “outside,” which she sees as heterogeneous concepts that do not always offer explanatory power upon close examination.
Expression of aquaporins 1 and 5 in a model of ventilator‐induced lung injury and its relation to tidal volume
Authors: Fabregat Gustavo , García‐de‐la‐Asunción José , Sarriá Benjamín , Mata Manuel , Cortijo Julio , de Andrés José , Gallego Lucía , Belda Francisco Javier
Published: July 2016

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

Although different studies have attempted to find factors that influence the expression of aquaporins (AQPs) in the lung in different situations, to date no research group has explored the expression of AQP1 and AQP5 jointly in rats mechanically ventilated with different tidal volumes in a model of ventilator‐induced lung injury.

What is the main finding?

Mechanical ventilation with a high tidal volume causes lung injury and oedema, increasing lung permeability. In rats ventilated with a high tidal volume, the pulmonary expression of AQP1 decreases.

We analysed the expression of aquaporins 1 and 5 and its relation with tidal volume in a model of ventilator‐induced lung injury. Forty‐two rats were used. Six non‐ventilated animals were killed (control group). The remaining rats were ventilated for 2 h with different tidal volumes (group 7ML with 7 ml kg−1 and group 20ML with 20 ml kg−1) and a respiratory rate of 90 breaths min−1. Lung oedema was measured, and the expression of AQP1 and AQP5 was determined by Western immunoblotting and measurement of mRNA. Lung oedema and alveolar–capillary membrane permeability were significantly increased in the animals of group 20ML compared with the control group. Expression of AQP1 was decreased in groups 7ML and 20ML compared with the control group. In conclusion, mechanical ventilation with a high tidal volume causes lung injury and oedema, increasing lung permeability. In rats ventilated with a high tidal volume, the pulmonary expression of AQP1 decreases.
Application of a Novel Measure of In Vivo Knee Joint Laxity
Authors: Küpper J. C. , Westover L. , Frayne R. , Ronsky J. L.
Published: July 2016

Current measures of knee joint laxity, such as those found clinically using the KT-2000 arthrometer, are not highly repeatable or reliable by Huber et al. (1997, “Intratester and Intertester Reliability of the KT-1000 Arthrometer in the Assessment of Posterior Laxity of the Knee,” Am. J. Sports Med., 25(4), pp. 479–485). In this study, a noninvasive in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-based measure of laxity, the knee loading apparatus (KLA) with anterior positioning frame, was evaluated with five normal subjects (repeatability study, n = 3). Effects of hormones and muscle guarding were considered. When compared to the KT-2000, the KLA was found to be more precise (±0.33 mm versus ±1.17 mm) but less reliable (Cronbach's alpha > 0.70 in 0/8 versus 5/8 load levels). Improved control of the initial subject position is recommended for future design iterations. The KLA shows promise as an accurate and reliable tool for measuring in vivo joint and ligament laxity.
Quenching of a Heated Rod: Physical Phenomena, Heat Transfer, and Effect of Nanofluids
Authors: Dasgupta Arnab , Chinchole A. S. , Kulkarni P. P. , Chandraker D. K. , Nayak A. K.
Published: July 2016

The physical phenomena of rewetting and quenching are of prime importance in nuclear reactor safety in the event of a loss of coolant accident (LOCA). Generally, top spray or bottom flooding concepts are used in reactors. Numerical simulation of these processes entails the use of the concept of a rewetting velocity. However, heat transfer just before and after the rewetting front is often assumed in an ad hoc fashion. The present work aims to evaluate the surface heat flux during quenching as a function of surface temperature. The experiments presented herein are primarily applicable to the bottom flooding scenario with high flooding rate. In the experiments, a rod heated above Leidenfrost point is immersed in a pool of water. The surface temperature was recorded using a surface-mounted thermocouple. The surface heat flux was then determined numerically and hence can be related to a particular value of surface temperature. This type of data is useful for numerical simulations of quenching phenomena. In addition to this, high-speed photography was undertaken to visualize the phenomena taking place during the rewetting and quenching. Both subcooled and saturated water pools have been used and compared in the experiments. Surface finish was seen to influence rewetting process by a mechanism which here is termed as “transition boiling enhanced film boiling.” The effect of using nanofluids was also studied. No marked change is observed in the overall quenching time with nanofluids, however, the initial cooling is apparently faster.
Parametrically Induced Damping in a Cracked Rotor
Authors: Kulesza Zbigniew , Sawicki Jerzy T.
Published: July 2016

A transverse shaft crack in a rotor is usually modeled as a local change in shaft stiffness. This local stiffness change is not constant and varies as a result of a so-called breathing mechanism, explained with periodical opening and closing of crack faces under the load of external forces applied to the rotor. The rotor with a periodically varied stiffness can be modeled as a parametrically excited linear system. In the presence of a parametric excitation, the vibrations of the system can be amplified or damped at specific excitation frequencies. Usually, the frequencies at which the vibrations are amplified are important, since they can affect stability of the system. However, the increased damping at specific frequencies is a significant feature of a parametrically excited system that can have some potentially useful applications. One of such applications can be an early detection of a shaft crack. This paper presents results of numerical analysis of the influence of Rayleigh's damping and gyroscopic effects on the increase in damping in a parametrically excited rotor with a cracked shaft. It is shown that the increase in damping in a parametrically excited system is rather a rare phenomenon that can be observed only at properly selected values of the excitation frequency and Rayleigh's damping. Furthermore, gyroscopic effects influence the exact values of antiresonance frequencies at which the phenomenon appears.
Influence of Solid Rubber Coating on the Response of Floating Structure to Underwater Shock Wave
Authors: Chen Y. , Chen F. , Du Z. P. , Zhang W. , Hua H. X.
Published: July 2016

The influence of solid rubber coating on the transient response of floating structure to underwater shock wave is experimentally and numerically studied. A stiffened metal box coated with solid rubber tiles on the outer face is live-fire tested first. Based on the test results, a detailed numerical model is built by abaqus/explicit. Using the validated model, the influence of coating properties including density, nonlinear elasticity, compressibility and viscosity, on the wall pressure, global shock environment, and local bottom plate deformation of structure is investigated in detail. It is shown that solid rubber coating can change the incident pressure on the wet surface as well as the dynamic characteristics of the coated structure. The coating with high stiffness and low compressibility often enhances the high-frequency response on structure. The coating with high density and viscosity is helpful to reduce both the local deformation and global response.
Norming Maneuverability in Adverse Conditions
Authors: Shigunov Vladimir
Published: July 2016

Slow steaming and regulatory drive toward more energy efficient ships have raised a problem of ensuring sufficient maneuverability of ships under adverse weather conditions when installed power is reduced. This paper discusses possible criteria for maneuverability in adverse conditions, proposes practical assessment procedure, and shows examples of its application. Further, the paper outlines necessary developments.
Estimation of Most Frequent Conditions and Performance Evaluation of Three Photovoltaic Technology Modules
Authors: Bora Birinchi , Sastry O. S. , Kumar Arun , Renu  , Bangar Manander , Prasad B.
Published: July 2016

In this paper, a performance evaluation technique using most frequent conditions (MFC) for accurate design of photovoltaic systems, based on energy rating and site-specific standards is reported. Most frequent conditions are estimated for the three different technologies: multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si), amorphous silicon (a-Si), and hetero-junction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) for the site based on air-mass, module temperatures, incident in-plane irradiance, and power output. The performances are analyzed over a period of 3 years by evaluating changes in the performance ratio, the energy yields, and the percentages of occurrence of data points corresponding to standard test condition (STC), nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT), and MFC. For MFC, performance ratio (PR) values are ranging from 0.70 to 0.83, 0.70 to 0.86, and 0.70 to 0.90 for mc-Si, a-Si, and HIT, respectively. The total energy yield of HIT is the highest followed by a-Si and mc-Si modules for this climatic zone.
Development of species-specific primers with potential for amplifying eDNA from imperilled freshwater unionid mussels
Authors: Cho Anna , Morris Todd , Wilson Chris , Freeland Joanna
Published: July 2016

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is emerging as a potentially powerful tool for inferring species’ presence, and hence occupancy, from DNA that is shed into environmental samples such as water. Although eDNA screening has been used to detect DNA from a variety of taxonomic groups, it has not yet been used to identify DNA from species with numerous potentially sympatric confamilial species, a situation that may preclude the development of species-specific markers. There are 41 native freshwater mussel species (Unionidae) in Ontario, Canada. Many of these are potentially sympatric, and 14 species have been formally assessed as endangered, threatened, or special concern. We investigated whether there was sufficient variation within the cytochrome oxidase region (COI) to develop species-specific eDNA markers for at-risk unionids. We developed 32 COI markers for eight unionid species, and tested each of these on the target species plus 29 potentially sympatric unionid taxa. Six of these markers amplified DNA only from the intended target species. We then extracted and amplified mussel eDNA from rearing-tank water samples. We conclude that despite high species diversity, it should be possible to develop eDNA COI markers and screen water samples for habitat occupancy by unionid mussels.
Modeling and Analysis of Zone-Based Registration in Mobile Communication Network by Considering Busy-Line Effect and Implicit Registration
Authors: Park Jong Hun , Jung Jihee , Baek Janghyun
Published: July 2016

In this study, we consider zone-based registration (ZBR) in mobile communication networks. In ZBR, when a mobile moves to a new zone, it registers its zone to the network database to keep the mobile’s current zone, and to connect an incoming call to the mobile when it is generated. A mobile can store one zone, or more than one zones. Among various types of ZBR, we focus on two-zone-based registration (TZR), which is known to have good performance. In TZR, a mobile can store two zones that it has recently registered, and does not register when it crosses either zone that it has already kept. In general, in TZR, a mobile registers its zone less often than in single-zone-based registration (SZR). However, TZR increases the paging cost, because the network may not know the exact zone where the mobile is. Mathematical modeling and performance analysis are performed to obtain the exact performance of SZR and TZR, by considering the busy-line effect and implicit registration effect of outgoing calls from a mobile. From numerical results for various circumstances, it is shown that TZR is superior to SZR in most cases.
Stochastic Periodic-Review Models with Duration- and Quantity-Dependent Inventory Costs: Properties and Approximations
Authors: Avinadav Tal
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we formulate a stochastic periodic-review inventory model with lead-time that considers both duration- and quantity-dependent inventory costs, and show that the optimality equation has the same format as the standard newsvendor problem with a modified demand distribution. We suggest (i) an approximation of the optimal order-up-to level, based on discretization of the inventory cost accounting, and (ii) two heuristic formulas, based on the two-moment normal approximation of the modified demand distribution, and on an approximated deterministic model. We evaluate the performances of these formulas using a Brownian motion demand process under different scenarios, and discuss their advantages and disadvantages.
An effective and efficient approach top-type AlN by Be2:O codoping from first-principles calculations
Authors: Zhao Meng , Wang Wenjun , Wang Jun , Yang Junwei , Hu Weijie , Guo Liwei , Chen Xiaolong
Published: July 2016

Various Be:O-codoped AlN crystals have been investigated via first-principles calculations to evaluate the role of the different combinations in effectively and efficiently inducing p-type carriers. It is found that the O atom is favored to bond with two Be atoms. The formed Be2:O complexes decrease the acceptor ionization energy to 0.11 eV, which is 0.16 eV lower than that of an isolated Be in AlN, implying that the hole concentration could probably be increased by 2–3 orders of magnitude. The electronic structure of Be2:O-codoped AlN shows that the lower ionization energy can be attributed to the interaction between Be and O. The Be–O complexes, despite failing to induce p-type carriers for the mutual compensation of Be and O, introduce new occupied states on the valence-band maximum (VBM) and hence the energy needed for the transition of electrons to the acceptor level is reduced. Thus, the Be2:O codoping method is expected to be an effective and efficient approach to realizing p-type AlN.
Electrical performance of alumina films made in EB evaporation
Authors: He Li-Jun , Wang Li-Yan , Chen Wei-Zhong , Liu Xing-Zhao
Published: July 2016

Alumina thin films deposited by electron beam (EB) evaporation are investigated with regard to their performance in high-temperature electrical insulators. The most important application is high-temperature sensors. The leakage behavior of EB-evaporated alumina thin films is investigated by analyzing the temperature dependence of the I–V characteristics of alumina thin films deposited on Pt/n-Si(100) substrates. The temperature is extending in the range from 300 K up to 1273 K. The results show that ln(J) increases linearly with the increasing electric field at high-temperature range, the trap depth of [Formula: see text] is 280 meV, the conductivity increases with the increasing temperature, while the resistivity decreases with the increasing temperature.
Serre subcategories and the cofiniteness of generalized local cohomology modules with respect to a pair of ideals
Authors: Nam Tran Tuan , Tri Nguyen Minh
Published: July 2016

We study some properties of the generalized local cohomology modules [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] with respect to a pair of ideals [Formula: see text] in Serre subcategories. Some results concerning to [Formula: see text]-cofinite modules are also given in this paper.
Role of triple phonon excitations in large angle quasi-elastic scattering of very heavy mass systems
Authors: Zamrun Muhammad Firihu
Published: July 2016

We study the effect of multi-phonon excitations on large-angle quasi-elastic scattering of massive systems using the full order coupled-channels formalism. We especially investigate the role of triple phonon excitations of the target and projectile nuclei on the quasi-elastic scattering cross-section as well as the barrier distribution for [Formula: see text]Cr, [Formula: see text]Fe, [Formula: see text]Ni and [Formula: see text]Zn + [Formula: see text]Pb systems. It is shown that the calculations taken into account, the triple octupole phonon excitations of the target and triple quadrupole phonon excitations of the projectile for these systems can explain the experimental data of the quasi-elastic cross-section and the quasi-elastic barrier distribution. These results indicate that the coupled-channels formalism is still valid even for the very heavy mass systems.
A study of shell model neutron states in 207,209Pb using the generalized Woods–Saxon plus spin-orbit potential
Authors: Liendo J. A. , Castro E. , Gómez R. , Caussyn D. D.
Published: July 2016

The experimental binding energies of single-particle and single-hole neutron states belonging to neutron shells that extend from [Formula: see text] = 126–184 and 82–126, respectively, have been reproduced by solving the Schrödinger equation with a potential that has two components: the generalized Woods–Saxon (GWS) potential and the spin-orbit (SO) coupling term. The GWS potential contains the traditional WS potential plus a term (SU) whose intensity reaches a maximum in the nuclear surface. Our results indicate the existence of an explicit relationship between the strength of the SU potential and the orbital angular momentum quantum number [Formula: see text] of the state. This dependence has been used to make reasonable predictions for the excitation energy centroids of states located inside and outside the neutron shells investigated. Comparisons are made with results reported in previous investigations.
Spontaneous Minced Cartilage Procedure for Unexpectedly Large Femoral Condyle Surface Defect
Authors: Salzmann G. M. , Baumann G. A. , Preiss S.
Published: July 2016

Articular cartilage defects at the knee joint are being identified and treated with increasing frequency. Chondrocytes may have strongest potential to generate high-quality repair tissue within the defective region, in particular when large diameter defects are present. Autologous chondrocyte implantation is not available in every country. We present a case where we spontaneously covered an acute cartilage defect, which was significantly larger than expected and loose during initial arthroscopic inspection after reading preoperative MRI, by mincing the separated fragment and directly implanting the autologous cartilage chips into the defective region.
The Determination of Protonation Constants of Peptidomimetic Cyclophanes in Binary Methanol-Water Mixtures
Authors: Seliger Piotr , Tomczyk Danuta , Andrijewski Grzegorz , Tomal Ewa
Published: July 2016

The protonation constants of new group of peptidomimetic cyclophanes with valine or phenylalanine moieties incorporated into the macrocyclic skeleton as well as their linear analogues were determined by potentiometric measurements in solutions of methanol-water mixtures at 25°C and constant ionic strength. The influence of cavity size, location of protonation sites, and attached substituents of the macrocyclic ligands on the protonation constants were discussed on the basis of potentiometric measurement as well as H1-NMR results.
Power Consumption: Base Stations of Telecommunication in Sahel Zone of Cameroon: Typology Based on the Power Consumption—Model and Energy Savings
Authors: Ayang Albert , Ngohe-Ekam Paul-Salomon , Videme Bossou , Temga Jean
Published: July 2016

In this paper, the work consists of categorizing telecommunication base stations (BTS) for the Sahel area of Cameroon according to their power consumption per month. It consists also of proposing a model of a power consumption and finally proceeding to energy audits in each type of base station in order to outline the possibilities of realizing energy savings. Three types of telecommunication base stations (BTS) are found in the Sahel area of Cameroon. The energy model takes into account power consumption of all equipment located in base stations (BTS). The energy audits showed that mismanagement of lighting systems, and of air-conditioning systems, and the type of buildings increased the power consumption of the base station. By applying energy savings techniques proposed for base stations (BTS) in the Sahel zone, up to 17% of energy savings are realized in CRTV base stations, approximately 24.4% of energy are realized in the base station of Missinguileo, and approximately 14.5% of energy savings are realized in the base station of Maroua market.