bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consentimiento
Authors: Moreno María
Published: December 2022

Abstracto

En este artículo, María Moreno explora inicialmente los límites del consentimiento en su fundamental condición fluctuante o inestable en relación al yo interno de la dinámica integridad sexual de la víctima, y pasa a situarlo en el más amplio registro social, como parte menor o instrumento de otro instrumento de control mayor: la violación en sí misma. A través de una examinación de una serie de violaciones, algunas cometidas por civiles, otras por agentes del estado durante la dictadura militar, Moreno ilustra e ilumina las contradicciones de las categorías existentes que tienden a ocultar la violación no solo como un delito mayor, equivalente a asesinato, si no también en su calidad de arma de perpetuación de la economía simbólica patriarcal y elemento clave del arsenal de guerra. Y pregunta, la autora, si no es entonces necesario enfocar la violación fuera de la dimensión moral, directamente en la política. Termina volviendo al ámbito interno, con una meditación del poderoso rol liberador o sustentador de soberanía que el no consentimiento otorga tanto a víctima como perpetrador cuando ambos son sujetos oprimidos del sistema que los trasciende.
Circuits of the Sacred
Authors: Decena Carlos Ulises
Published: December 2022

In Circuits of the Sacred Carlos Ulises Decena examines transnational black Latinx Caribbean immigrant queer life and spirit. Decena models what he calls a faggotology—the erotic in the divine as found in the disreputable and the excessive—as foundational to queer black critical and expressive praxis of the future. Drawing on theoretical analysis, memoir, creative writing, and ethnography of Santería/Lucumí in Santo Domingo, Havana, and New Jersey, Decena moves between languages, locations, pronouns, and genres to map the itineraries of blackness as a “circuit,” a multipronged and multisensorial field. A feminist pilgrimage and extended conversation with the dead, Decena’s study is a provocative work that transforms the academic monograph into a gathering of stories, theoretical innovation, and expressive praxis to channel voices, ancestors, deities, theorists, artists, and spirits from the vantage point of radical feminism and queer-of-color thinking.
Ikaros family proteins redundantly regulate temporal patterning in the developing mouse retina
Authors: Javed Awais , Santos-França Pedro L. , Mattar Pierre , Cui Allie , Kassem Fatima , Cayouette Michel
Published: December 2022

Temporal identity factors regulate competence of neural progenitors to generate specific cell types in a time-dependent manner, but how they operate remains poorly defined. In the developing mouse retina, the Ikaros zinc-finger transcription factor Ikzf1 regulates production of early-born cell types, except cone photoreceptors. In this study we show that, during early stages of retinal development, another Ikaros family protein, Ikzf4, functions redundantly with Ikzf1 to regulate cone photoreceptor production. Using CUT&RUN and functional assays, we show that Ikzf4 binds and represses genes involved in late-born rod photoreceptor specification, hence favoring cone production. At late stages, when Ikzf1 is no longer expressed in progenitors, we show that Ikzf4 re-localizes to target genes involved in gliogenesis and is required for Müller glia production. We report that Ikzf4 regulates Notch signaling genes and is sufficient to activate the Hes1 promoter through two Ikzf GGAA-binding motifs, suggesting a mechanism by which Ikzf4 may influence gliogenesis. These results uncover a combinatorial role for Ikaros family members during nervous system development and provide mechanistic insights on how they temporally regulate cell fate output.
Neurog2 regulates Isl1 to modulate horizontal cell number
Authors: Keeley Patrick W. , Patel Pooja S. , Ryu Matthew S. , Reese Benjamin E.
Published: December 2022

The population sizes of different retinal cell types vary between different strains of mice, and that variation can be mapped to genomic loci in order to identify its polygenic origin. In some cases, controlling genes act independently, whereas in other instances, they exhibit epistasis. Here, we identify an epistatic interaction revealed through the mapping of quantitative trait loci from a panel of recombinant inbred strains of mice. The population of retinal horizontal cells exhibits a twofold variation in number, mapping to quantitative trait loci on chromosomes 3 and 13, where these loci are shown to interact epistatically. We identify a prospective genetic interaction underlying this, mediated by the bHLH transcription factor Neurog2, at the chromosome 3 locus, functioning to repress the LIM homeodomain transcription factor Isl1, at the chromosome 13 locus. Using single and double conditional knockout mice, we confirm the countervailing actions of each gene, and validate in vitro a crucial role for two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 5′UTR of Isl1, one of which yields a novel E-box, mediating the repressive action of Neurog2.
RNA:RNA interaction in ternary complexes resolved by chemical probing
Authors: Banijamali Elnaz , Baronti Lorenzo , Becker Walter , Sajkowska-Kozielewicz Joanna J. , Huang Ting , Palka Christina , Kosek David , Sweetapple Lara , Müller Juliane , Stone Michael D. , Andersson Emma R. , Petzold Katja
Published: December 2022

RNA regulation can be performed by a second targeting RNA molecule, such as in the microRNA regulation mechanism. Selective 2′-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE) probes the structure of RNA molecules and can resolve RNA:protein interactions, but RNA:RNA interactions have not yet been addressed with this technique. Here, we apply SHAPE to investigate RNA-mediated binding processes in RNA:RNA and RNA:RNA-RBP complexes. We useRNA:RNAbinding bySHAPE (RABS) to investigatemicroRNA-34a(miR-34a) binding its mRNA target, thesilent information regulator 1(mSIRT1), both with and without the Argonaute protein, constituting the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). We show that the seed of the mRNA target must be bound to the microRNA loaded into RISC to enable further binding of the compensatory region by RISC, while the nakedmiR-34ais able to bind the compensatory region without seed interaction. The method presented here provides complementary structural evidence for the commonly performed luciferase-assay-based evaluation of microRNA binding-site efficiency and specificity on the mRNA target site and could therefore be used in conjunction with it. The method can be applied to any nucleic acid-mediated RNA- or RBP-binding process, such as splicing, antisense RNA binding, or regulation by RISC, providing important insight into the targeted RNA structure.
Falcıların Gözünden Gençlere Bakmak: Fal Kafelere Giden Gençler Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Semerci Melike , Karaman Hakan , Yaman Ömer Miraç
Published: December 2022

Tarihsel süreçte birçok fal çeşidi farklı kültürlerde kendine yer bulmuştur. İnsanların geleceğe ilişkin merak ve kaygılarına cevap veren fal baktırma, gençler için de oldukça cazibe içeren bir eylemdir. Aileden uzaklaştıkça kendi yaşamı üzerinde söz sahibi olmaya başlayan gençler, bu dönüşüm sürecinde sıklıkla eğitsel, ailesel ve ilişkisel konularda kaygı ve merak giderme, danışma ve paylaşımda bulunma gibi arayışlar içindedir. Bu çalışma en temelde bu arayış sürecinde fal baktırma davranışına gençlerin nasıl yaklaştığını anlamaya çalışmıştır. Derinlemesine mülakat aracılığıyla 13 falcıdan alınan veriler, hangi profildeki gençlerin falcılara gittikleri, gençlerin falcılarla neler konuştukları, gençlerin falcılardan beklentileri ve falcıların gençlerin dünyasındaki yeri olmak üzere 4 tema altında tasnif edilmiştir. Buna göre falcılara giden gençler arasında sosyodemografik olarak çeşitlilik arz eden bir profil söz konusu iken kaygılı, meraklı, depresif olarak tanımlanan gençlerin öne çıktığı belirlenmiştir. Diğer yandan gençlerin falcılarla genellikle aşk ilişkileri, aile sorunları, gelecek kaygısı ve kariyer üzerine görüşmeler yürüttüğü belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte falcılara göre gençler meraklarını gidermek, danışmak, onaylanmak ve dertleşmek için falcıya gitmekte iken, gençlerin dünyasında falcılar önemli ve etkili kişiler olarak konumlanmaktadır. Ulaşılan veriler, fal baktırma davranışının gençlerin danışma ve psikolojik destek arayışlarının bir ifadesi olarak görülebileceğini düşündürmektedir. Dolayısıyla gençlerin bu yöndeki ihtiyaçlarına cevap verecek etkili gençlik çalışmalarının önemi ortaya çıkmaktadır.
Covid-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Sağlık Bakanı ve Sağlık Bakanlığı Instagram Paylaşımlarının Krize Yanıt Verme Stratejileri Doğrultusunda Analizi
Authors: Koçyiğit Murat , Küçükcivil Büşra
Published: December 2022

Araştırmanın amacı, Covid-19 krizinin birinci ve ikinci dalgasının Sağlık Bakanlığı ve Sağlık Bakanı Fahrettin Koca’nın resmî Instagram hesapları aracılığıyla nasıl yönetildiğini ve krize yanıt verme stratejilerinden hangilerinin daha yoğun bir şekilde kullanıldığını belirlemektir. Araştırma, 11.03.2020-11.03.2021 tarih aralığı ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Araştırmanın diğer bir sınırlılığı ise Sağlık Bakanlığı ve Sağlık Bakanı’nın Instagram hesaplarının DiStaso ve arkadaşlarının krize yanıt verme stratejileri (bilgilendirme-sempati-özür) çerçevesinde incelenmesidir. Araştırmada nicel içerik analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Analizler doğrultusunda Sağlık Bakanlığı’nın ve Sağlık Bakanı’nın Covid-19 pandemisinin birinci ve ikinci dalgasına ilişkin resmî Instagram hesaplarındaki paylaşımlarında çoğunlukla fotoğraf+- metin şeklinde görsel gönderileri kullandığı ve süreçte yapılan paylaşımların her iki hesapta da çoğunlukla pandemi ile ilgili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca Sağlık Bakanlığı’nın ve Sağlık Bakanı’nın Covid-19 pandemisinin birinci ve ikinci dalgasına ilişkin resmî Instagram hesaplarındaki paylaşımlarında, krize yanıt verme stratejilerinden en çok bilgilendirme stratejisini daha sonra ise sempati stratejisini kullandığı tespit edilmiştir. Özür stratejisine ilişkin yapılan tek bir paylaşımın ise Sağlık Bakanı’nın hesabında ve pandeminin ikinci dalgasında yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir.
Use of membrane technology to enhance the integration of hydrogen into processing and manufacturing
Authors: Gobina Edward , Giwa Ayo , Ben-Aron Adam
Published: December 2022

Membranes are at the heart of the green hydrogen economy and are used at every stage along the infrastructure highway – from production of the gas to its end use. This article looks at the role membranes play in electrolysers, and carbon capture and storage, and how they can be used to produce hydrogen from feedstocks, such as biomass and bio-waste. It also illustrates their application in the production of green ammonia and the way in which this compound can be converted into ultra-pure hydrogen for a range of uses.
Dental Malocclusion and Non-Nutritive Habits: An Epidemiological and Comparative Study
Authors: Borja de Melo Téssia Richelly Nóbrega , Oliveira Araújo Jamylla Sinnyly de , Monteiro Barros Géssica de Lourdes , Da Silva Felipe Fialho , Rodrigues Fernanda Alves
Published: December 2022

Objective: To study the relationship between dental malocclusions and non-nutritive, and deleterious habits in children from the public school system in a city in the interior of Paraíba, Brazil. Methods: This was a prospective, quantitative and analytical cross-sectional study carried out with 122 children, aged 7 to 11 years, and their caregivers; of both sexes, through the application of a validated questionnaire with the following variables: type of breastfeeding; nutritional, non-nutritive and chewing habits, in addition to intra and extra-oral examination to detect malocclusions and relate them to habits. The data obtained were analyzed by descriptive statistics using the IBM SPSS Statistics Software. Results: The sample, with a mean age of 8.38 years, presented a majority of male (53.3%) and brown participants (56.6%). Of the total, most children were fed mixed, using a cup; did not have allergic rhinitis, adenopathies, snoring or nocturnal drooling; 64.8% did not have non-nutritive habits; and among the chewing habits, onychophagia was the most common (53.3%). Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between non-nutritive habits and the occurrence of malocclusions.
Innovative Maritime Operations Management Using Blockchain Technology & Standardization
Authors: Papadakis Manos – Nikolaos , Kopanaki Evangelia
Published: December 2022

Modern economy faces one of its’ greatest challenges of all times and disruptive innovations are available to corporations as solutions to major business drawbacks (e.g., traceability, communication, data exchange, information modelling etc.). The Maritime Industry combines multiple supply chain stakeholders and operations, globally, generating critical data and exchanging important documents. Mostly, these are paper-based and proprietary. For this industry, digitally exchanged data, must be unambiguous, semantically aligned between trading partners and shared with resilience in real-time using a common operational language. This could be achieved through the prominent from Bitcoin Cryptocurrency Blockchain Technology as a digital verification mechanism complying with global identification, technical and data exchange standards. Acknowledging the difficulties faced in the Maritime Business Operations’ Management, this paper examines the strategic impact of Standards and Blockchain Technology in the industry’s processes.
How research institutions can make the best of scandals – once they become unavoidable
Authors: Grolleau Gilles , Mzoughi Naoufel
Published: December 2022

We posit that, once scandals become unavoidable, they can be considered for transformation into opportunities for research institutions, scientific communities and science regulators to implement in-depth changes and policies they would otherwise oppose. Research institutions and scientific communities can take advantage of scandals by participating proactively in constructing their consequences. We develop four mechanisms by which scandals can be used to bring positive change in research institutions and scientific communities. These are nullifying the high-status protection of almost untouchable researchers, ‘resetting’ the system that was conducive to scandals, changing the reference point upon which the entity is judged to emphasize progress and offering a learning opportunity to involved parties.
Non-profit administrative advocacy: anti-violence non-profit organisations and their relations with state agencies in Russia
Authors: Davidenko Maria , Iarskaia-Smirnova Elena
Published: December 2022

Research on non-profit organisations’ (NPOs’) administrative advocacy suggests that while restrictive regulatory legislation hinders their activities, ambiguous state policy on particular social issues provides opportunities to advance their agenda. To better understand how non-profits conduct their administrative advocacy in a context characterised by both restrictive regulatory legislation and state policy ambiguity, this article examines Russian NPOs that are dealing with the contested issue of domestic violence. Drawing on network governance theory, the study investigates how these organisations navigated this complex terrain of restrictions and opportunities. It finds that anti-violence NPOs employed collaborative tactics to engage staff of state agencies who directly interact with citizens, while facing the risk of state-sanctioned repressions due to the potential classification of their work as political. By considering a case of administrative advocacy in a contentious policy field, this article argues for the need to account for the broader political context when researching non-profit advocacy.
Forecasting the atmospheric refractive index structure constant profile with an altitude-time correlations-inspired deep learning model
Authors: Hou Muyu , Gong Shuhong , Li Xue , Xiao Donghai , Zuo Yanchun , Liu Yu
Published: December 2022

An accurate forecast of the atmospheric refractive index structure constant (Cn2) is vital to analyzing the influence of atmospheric turbulence on laser transmission in advance. In this paper, we propose a novel method to forecast the atmospheric refractive index structure constantCn2profile, which is inspired by the turbulence characteristics (i.e., the altitude-time correlations). A deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) is adopted in the hope that with the stacked convolutional layers to abstract the altitude-time correlations ofCn2, it can accurately forecast theCn2profile in the near future based on the accumulated historical measurement data. While the sliding window algorithm is introduced to segment the measured time series data of theCn2profiles to generate the input-output pair data for training and testing. Experimental results demonstrate its high forecast accuracy, as the obtained root mean square error and the correlation coefficient are 0.515 and 0.956 in the one-step-aheadCn2profile forecast case, 0.753 and 0.9046 in the 36-step-ahead forecast case, respectively. Moreover, the forecast accuracy versus altitude and its relationship with the distribution ofCn2against altitude are analyzed. Most importantly, with a series of experiments of various input feature sizes, the appropriate sliding window width forCn2forecast is explored, and the short-term correlation ofCn2is also verified.
Experimental implementation for near-field displaying application of bound states in continuum supported by terahertz metasurfaces
Authors: Cai Haocheng , Li Jitao , Mao Luhong
Published: December 2022

Optical bound states in continuum (BICs) are the special lossless electromagnetic resonance modes found in optical transmission media. Optical BICs supported by metasurfaces can bring a series of image-based applications, which can be classified into far-field image-based applications and near-field image-based applications according to imaging distance. The far field image-based applications of optical BICs supported by metasurfaces have been proved theoretically and experimentally. However, the near-field image-based applications are still in the stage of theoretical demonstration, and its practical feasibility is still questioned. In this letter, we have experimentally demonstrated the feasibility of near-field image-based applications of optical BICs. An all-silicon terahertz metasurface that supports near-field displaying based on quasi-BIC is designed. Its unit cell is based on the classic asymmetric elliptical strip structure, and one unit cell of the metasurface corresponds to one display pixel. By observing the electric field distribution of the metasurface in the near-field region, the display of the given image is successfully constructed. The near-field image-based application of BICs may be beneficial for the information encryption, the hidden item detection, matter analysis, etc.
Simultaneous trapping of high and low refractive index particles using a single-fiber optical trap with coexisting LP01 and LP11 modes
Authors: Dang Yuting , Chen Peng , Zhong Hui , Wu Hao , Wang Weicheng , Jiang Chunlei , Gao Bingkun
Published: December 2022

We propose and demonstrate a fiber optical trap based on the coexistence of LP01 and LP11 modes for the simultaneous trapping of both high refractive index particles and low refractive index particles. Since different mode beams have different propagation constants, they exhibit different focused light fields. We fabricated a tapered fiber probe using thermal fusion to converge the beam, which generates a strong gradient force field near the fiber tip, as well as a dark trap along the axial direction. High refractive index particles are attracted near the fiber tip by a strong gradient force, and low refractive index particles are trapped in the dark cage along the axial direction. The proposed optical trap, which can simultaneously trap particles with different refractive indices, makes it easier to manipulate cells or molecules with different properties and explore multi-molecule interactions, which can facilitate research related to biology and chemistry.
Super tiny quartz-tuning-fork-based light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy sensing
Authors: Qiao Shunda , Ma Pengze , Tsepelin Viktor , Han Guowei , Liang Jinxing , Ren Wei , Zheng Huadan , Ma Yufei
Published: December 2022

In this Letter, a sensitive light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES)-based trace gas sensor by exploiting a super tiny quartz tuning fork (QTF) was demonstrated. The prong length and width of this QTF are 3500 µm and 90 µm, respectively, which determines a resonant frequency of 6.5 kHz. The low resonant frequency is beneficial to increase the energy accumulation time in a LITES sensor. The geometric dimension of QTF on the micrometer scale is advantageous to obtain a great thermal expansion and thus can produce a strong piezoelectric signal. The temperature gradient distribution of the super tiny QTF was simulated based on the finite element analysis and is higher than that of the commercial QTF with 32.768 kHz. Acetylene (C2H2) was used as the analyte. Under the same conditions, the use of the super tiny QTF achieved a 1.64-times signal improvement compared with the commercial QTF. The system shows excellent long-term stability according to the Allan deviation analysis, and a minimum detection limit (MDL) would reach 190 ppb with an integration time of 220 s.
Rapid and predictable genome evolution across three hybrid ant populations
Authors: Nouhaud Pierre , Martin Simon H. , Portinha Beatriz , Sousa Vitor C. , Kulmuni Jonna
Published: December 2022

Hybridization is frequent in the wild but it is unclear when admixture events lead to predictable outcomes and if so, at what timescale. We show that selection led to correlated sorting of genetic variation rapidly after admixture in 3 hybridFormica aquilonia×F.polyctenaant populations. Removal of ancestry from the species with the lowest effective population size happened in all populations, consistent with purging of deleterious load. This process was modulated by recombination rate variation and the density of functional sites. Moreover, haplotypes with signatures of positive selection in either species were more likely to fix in hybrids. These mechanisms led to mosaic genomes with comparable ancestry proportions. Our work demonstrates predictable evolution over short timescales after admixture in nature.
Body mass index and early outcomes after carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Vukašinović Danka , Maksimović Miloš , Tanasković Slobodan , Marinković Jelena , Gajin Predrag , Ilijevski Nenad , Vasiljević Nađa , Radak Đorđe , Vlajinac Hristina
Published: December 2022

As the existing data on the correlation of adiposity with adverse outcomes of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) are inconsistent, the aim of the present study is to examine the correlation of an increased body mass index with 30-day complications after carotid endarterectomy. The cohort study comprises 1586 CEAs, performed at the Clinic for Vascular Surgery in Belgrade, from 2012–2017. Out of them, 550 CEAs were performed in patients with normal body mass index (18.5–24.9), 750 in overweight (25.0–29.9), and 286 in obese (≥30) patients. The association of overweight and obesity with early outcomes of carotid endarterectomy was assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Overweight patients, in whom CEAs were performed, were significantly more frequently males, compared to normal weight patients–Odds Ratio (OR) 1.51 (95% confidence interval– 1.19–1.89). Moreover, overweight patients significantly more frequently had non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus—OR 1.44 (1.09–1.90), and more frequently used ACEI in hospital discharge therapy—OR 1.41 (1.07–1.84) than normal weight patients. Additionally, the CEAs in them were less frequently followed by bleedings—OR 0.37 (0.16–0.83). Compared to normal weight patients, obese patients were significantly younger—OR 0.98 (0.96–0.99), and with insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus—OR 1.83 (1.09–3.06) and OR 2.13 (1.50–3.01) respectively. They also more frequently had increased triglyceride levels–OR 1.36 (1.01–1.83), and more frequently used oral anticoagulants in therapy before the surgery–OR 2.16 (1.11–4.19). According to the results obtained, overweight and obesity were not associated with an increased death rate, transient ischemic attack (TIA), stroke, myocardial infarction, or with minor complications, and the need for reoperation after carotid endarterectomy. The only exception was bleeding, which was significantly less frequent after CEA in overweight compared to normal weight patients.
Rat’s response to a novelty and increased complexity of the environment resulting from the introduction of movable vs. stationary objects in the free exploration test
Authors: Chrzanowska Anna , Modlinska Klaudia , Goncikowska Katarzyna , Pisula Wojciech
Published: December 2022

Most animals, including rats, show a preference for more complex environments. This is demonstrated particularly well when complexity increases due to the addition of new elements to the environment. The aim of the study was to investigate the reaction to novelty, understood as a change in environmental properties that involve both changes in complexity and controllability. Controllability may allow for dealing with challenges of an environment of low predictability in a way that the animal’s own activity reduces the uncertainty of environmental events. In our study, the animals underwent a spontaneous exploration test in low-stress conditions. After a period of habituation to the experimental arena, additional stationary (increased complexity) and/or movable (increased complexity and controllability) tunnels were introduced, and the reaction of the rats to the novel objects was measured. The results of the study confirmed that an increase in the complexity of the environment through the addition of objects triggers a more intensive exploratory activity in rats. However, an increased spatial complexity combined with the movability of the novel objects seems to result in increased caution towards the novelty after an initial inspection of the changed objects. It suggests that the complexity of the novelty may trigger both neophilia and neophobia depending on the level of the predictability of the novel environment and that the movability of newly introduced objects is not independent of other parameters of the environment.
Differences in all-cause and cause-specific mortality due to external causes and suicide between young adult refugees, non-refugee immigrants and Swedish-born young adults: The role of education and migration-related factors
Authors: Stratmann Marlene , Björkenstam Emma , Dorner Thomas E. , Chen Lingjing , Helgesson Magnus , Cullen Alexis E. , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor
Published: December 2022

Background

International migration has increased during the past years and little is known about the mortality of young adult immigrants and refugees that came to Sweden as children. This study aimed to investigate 1) the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in young accompanied and unaccompanied refugees and non-refugee immigrants compared to Swedish born individuals; and 2) to determine the role of educational level and migrations-related factors in these associations.

Methods

This register linkage study is based on 682,358 individuals (633,167 Swedish-born, 2,163 unaccompanied and 25,658 accompanied refugees and 21,370 non-refugee immigrants) 19–25 years old, who resided in Sweden 31.12.2004. Outcomes were all-cause mortality and mortality due to suicide and external causes. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox regression models with a maximum follow-up to 2016.

Results

After adjusting for covariates, all-cause mortality was significantly lower in non-refugee immigrants (aHR 0.70, 95% CI 0.59–0.84) and refugees (aHR 0.76, 95% CI 0.65–0.88) compared to Swedish-born individuals. The same direction of association was observed for mortality due to suicide and external causes. No differences between accompanied and unaccompanied refugees were found. Risk estimates for all migrant groups varied with educational level, duration of residency, age at arrival and country of birth. Further, the mortality risk of migrants arriving in Sweden before the age of 6 years did not significantly differ from the risk of their Swedish-born peers. Low education was a considerable risk factor.

Conclusion

In general, young adult refugees and non-refugee immigrants have a lower risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality than Swedish-born individuals. The identified migrant groups with higher mortality risk need specific attention.
Trends and inequities in severe maternal morbidity in Massachusetts: A closer look at the last two decades
Authors: Diop Hafsatou , Declercq Eugene R. , Liu Chia-Ling , Cabral Howard J. , Cui Xiaohui , Amutah-Onukagha Ndidiamaka , Meadows Audra
Published: December 2022

It is estimated that 50,000–60,000 pregnant people in the United States (US) experience severe maternal morbidity (SMM). SMM includes life-threatening conditions, such as acute myocardial infarction, acute renal failure, amniotic fluid embolism, disseminated intravascular coagulation, or sepsis. Prior research has identified both rising rates through 2014 and wide racial disparities in SMM. While reducing maternal death and SMM has been a global goal for the past several decades, limited progress has been made in the US in achieving this goal. Our objectives were to examine SMM trends from 1998–2018 to identify factors contributing to the persistent and rising rates of SMM by race/ethnicity and describe the Black non-Hispanic/White non-Hispanic rate ratio for each SMM condition. We used a population-based data system that links delivery records to their corresponding hospital discharge records to identify SMM rates (excluding transfusion) per 10, 000 deliveries and examined the trends by race/ethnicity. We then conducted stratified analyses separately for Black and White birthing people. While the rates of SMM during the same periods steadily increased for all racial/ethnic groups, Black birthing people experienced the greatest absolute increase compared to any other race/ethnic group going from 69.4 in 1998–2000 to 173.7 per 10,000 deliveries in 2016–2018. In addition, we found that Black birthing people had higher rates for every individual condition compared to White birthing people, with rate ratios ranging from a low of 1.11 for heart failure during surgery to a high of 102.4 for sickle cell anemia. Obesity was not significantly associated with SMM among Black birthing people but was associated with SMM among White birthing people [aRR 1.18 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.36)]. An unbiased understanding of how SMM has affected different race/ethnicity groups is key to improving maternal health and preventing SMM and mortality among Black birthing people. SMM needs to be addressed as both a medical and public health challenge.
Prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behaviors among Bangladeshi rural community people: Findings from the ‘BD ComMen Study’
Authors: Mamun Mohammed A. , Al-Mamun Firoj , Islam Johurul , Muhit Mohammad
Published: December 2022

Background

Suicide is considered as one of the major public health concerns, which can be prevented with cost-effective and timely intervention. In Bangladesh, very few studies assessed the suicidal behavior of rural community people. Thus, this Bangladesh Community Mental Health Study (BD ComMen Study) attempted to understand the current situation of suicidality in Bangladeshi rural community people considering three-time frames: lifetime, past year, and past month.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural community in Bangladesh between May 17 and 31, 2022, using a cluster sampling technique. Information on socio-demographics, COVID-19-related factors, depression, anxiety, insomnia, and suicidal behaviors was collected. The Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression were used to analyze the data.

Results

During their lifetime, 33.1% of the rural community people had suicidal thoughts, whereas 5.5% made a plan for suicide and 1.8% attempted suicide. The prevalence of past-year suicidal ideation was 3.9%, whereas 1.4% had a suicide plan. In addition, 0.6% had past-month suicidal thoughts, although none of them had planned or attempted suicide. The factors associated with suicidal behaviors included males, lower age, lower educational grade, low-earning jobs, living in a government-provided house, family history of mental health and suicide, and suffering from anxiety and insomnia.

Conclusions

Suicidal behaviors among the rural community people are of great concern as most of the rural people in Bangladesh do not have enough mental health literacy for treatment-seeking due to a high level of mental health-related stigma. Thus, this study would likely help to initiate further studies and stimulate suicide prevention programs, because most suicide can be prevented.
Effects of temperature, weather, seasons, atmosphere, and climate on the exacerbation of inflammatory bowel diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Moon Sun Jae , Lee Yeong Chan , Kim Tae Jun , Kim Kyunga , Son Hee Jung
Published: December 2022

Background

Exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is common. Identification of the exacerbating factors could facilitate interventions for forecastable environmental factors through adjustment of the patient’s daily routine. We assessed the effect of natural environmental factors on the exacerbation of IBD.

Methods

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, studies published from January 1, 1992 to November 3th, 2022 were searched in the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Complete and Cochrane Library databases. We extracted data related to the impact of environmental variations on IBD exacerbation, and performed a meta-analysis of the individual studies’ correlation coefficient χ2 converted into Cramér’s V (φc) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

A total of 7,346 publications were searched, and 20 studies (sample size 248–84,000 cases) were selected. A meta-analysis with seven studies was performed, and the pooled estimate of the correlation (φc) between the seasonal variations and IBD exacerbations among 4806 cases of IBD exacerbation was 0.11 (95% CI 0.07–0.14; I2 = 39%; p = 0.13). When divided into subtypes of IBD, the pooled estimate of φc in ulcerative colitis (six studies, n = 2649) was 0.07 (95% CI 0.03–0.11; I2 = 3%; p = 0.40) and in Crohn’s disease (three studies, n = 1597) was 0.12 (95% CI 0.07–0.18; I2 = 18%; p = 0.30).

Conclusion

There was a significant correlation between IBD exacerbation and seasonal variations, however, it was difficult to synthesize pooled results of other environmental indicators due to the small number of studies and the various types of reported outcome measures. For clinical implications, additional evidence through well-designed follow-up studies is needed.

Protocol registration number (PROSPERO)

CRD42022304916.
A qualitative study of organisational resilience in care homes in Scotland
Authors: Ross Alastair , Anderson Janet E. , Selveindran Santhani , MacBride Tamsin , Bowie Paul , Sherriff Andrea , Young Linda , Fioratou Evie , Roddy Edel , Edwards Heather , Dewar Belinda , Macpherson Lorna M.
Published: December 2022

Providing care for the dependent older person is complex and there have been persistent concerns about care quality as well as a growing recognition of the need for systems approaches to improvement. The I-SCOPE (Improving Systems of Care for the Older person) project employed Resilient Healthcare (RHC) theory and the CARE (Concepts for Applying Resilience) Model to study how care organisations adapt to complexity in everyday work, with the aim of exploring how to support resilient performance. The project was an in-depth qualitative study across multiple sites over 24 months. There were: 68 hours of non-participant observation, shadowing care staff at work and starting broad before narrowing to observe care domains of interest; n = 33 recorded one-to-one interviews (32 care staff and one senior inspector); three focus groups (n = 19; two with inspectors and one multi-disciplinary group); and five round table discussions on emergent results at a final project workshop (n = 31). All interviews and discussion groups were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Resident and family interviews (n = 8) were facilitated through use of emotional touchpoints. Analysis using QSR NVivo 12.0 focused on a) capturing everyday work in terms of the interplay between demand and capacity, adaptations and intended and unintended outcomes and b) a higher-level thematic description (care planning and use of information; coordination of everyday care activity; providing person-centred care) which gives an overview of resilient performance and how it might be enhanced. This gives important new insight for improvement. Conclusions are that resilience can be supported through more efficient use of information, supporting flexible adaptation, coordination across care domains, design of the physical environment, and family involvement based on realistic conversations about quality of life.
The microbiome shifts throughout the gastrointestinal tract of Bradford cattle in the Pampa biome
Authors: de Freitas Anderson Santos , Gan Flávia Caroline , de David Diego Bittencourt , Wurdig Roesch Luiz Fernando
Published: December 2022

A deep understanding of the cattle gastrointestinal microbiome is crucial to selective breeding high-efficiency animals that produce more and generate less environmental damage. Here we performed the taxonomic identification of Bacterial and Archaeal communities using high throughput 16SrRNA gene sequencing from critical compartments of the gastrointestinal tract of Bradford cattle raised in a natural grassland in the Pampa biome, Brazil. We analyzed 110 samples, including saliva, ruminal fluid, and feces from 36 months old Bradford heifers (weighing on average 343 ± 30 kg by the sampling time). To reduce unexpected variation and confounders, we selected the animals from the same breed, submitted them to the same food source, and collected the samples for three consecutive years from different animals in the same season. Our main goal was to analyze the microbial shifts throughout the gastrointestinal tract to reference future works proposing management strategies and interventions to improve animal nutrition and increase production in the Pampa Biome. To accomplish our objective, we accessed the microbial community differences in groups with a high and low weight gain controlling for food ingestion and quality of grazed pasture. Few taxa were shared among the samples. About 40% of the phyla and 60% of the genera were unique from saliva samples, and 12.4% of the microbial genera were uniquely found in feces. All samples shared only 36.1% of phyla and 7.5% of genera. Differences in microbial diversity and taxa counts were observed. The ruminal fluid presented the lowest microbial richness, while saliva and feces presented the highest microbial richness. On the other hand, saliva and feces also presented more distinct communities between themselves when compared with ruminal samples. Our data showed that the saliva microbiome is not representative of the rumen microbiome and should not be used as an easy-to-collect sample for studies about the rumen microbiome.
El pabellón de oficiales (2001)
Authors: Pintor Holguín Emilio , Martínez Alsina Nieves , García Villalobos Maria Rosa , Martín Carreras-Presas Carmen , Herreros Ruiz-Valdepeñas Benjamín
Published: December 2022

Adrien Fournier; un joven teniente francés de ingenieros, es herido por uno de los primeros obuses de la Primera Guerra Mundial. Aunque sobrevive, presenta unas importantes lesiones en cara y cavidad oral por lo que es trasladado a un hospital de Paris. En el pabellón de oficiales del hospital, hay otros soldados con importantes heridas faciales. En la película se refleja el miedo al rechazo social, los intentos de suicidio, la labor de las enfermeras y del cirujano así como la camaradería y el apoyo entre pacientes.
Cine para realizar evaluaciones formativas de Psicología en tres grados diferentes de la Universidad Pompeu Fabra (upf)
Authors: Pérez Jorge , Baillès Eva
Published: December 2022

Se narra el uso del cine comercial para realizar evaluaciones formativas de Psicología en tres grados diferentes de la Universidad Pompeu Fabra (UPF): Criminología, Biología Humana y Medicina. Se comparan los resultados en los tres grados. Los estudiantes de Criminología obtuvieron resultados inferiores a los de Biología Humana y de Medicina.
Consumption of 2 Green Kiwifruits Daily Improves Constipation and Abdominal Comfort—Results of an International Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gearry Richard , Fukudo Shin , Barbara Giovanni , Kuhn-Sherlock Barbara , Ansell Juliet , Blatchford Paul , Eady Sarah , Wallace Alison , Butts Christine , Cremon Cesare , Barbaro Maria Raffaella , Pagano Isabella , Okawa Yohei , Muratubaki Tomohiko , Okamoto Tomoko , Fuda Mikiko , Endo Yuka , Kano Michiko , Kanazawa Motoyori , Nakaya Naoki , Nakaya Kumi , Drummond Lynley
Published: December 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Consumption of green kiwifruit is known to relieve constipation. Previous studies have also reported improvements in gastrointestinal (GI) comfort. We investigated the effect of consuming green kiwifruit on GI function and comfort.

METHODS:

Participants included healthy controls (n = 63), patients with functional constipation (FC, n = 60), and patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C, n = 61) randomly assigned to consume 2 green kiwifruits or psyllium (7.5 g) per day for 4 weeks, followed by a 4-week washout, and then the other treatment for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the number of complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBM) per week. Secondary outcomes included GI comfort which was measured using the GI symptom rating scale, a validated instrument. Data (intent-to-treat) were analyzed as difference from baseline using repeated measures analysis of variance suitable for AB/BA crossover design.

RESULTS:

Consumption of green kiwifruit was associated with a clinically relevant increase of ≥ 1.5 CSBM per week (FC; 1.53, P < 0.0001, IBS-C; 1.73, P = 0.0003) and significantly improved measures of GI comfort (GI symptom rating scale total score) in constipated participants (FC, P < 0.0001; IBS-C, P < 0.0001). No significant adverse events were observed.

DISCUSSION:

This study provides original evidence that the consumption of a fresh whole fruit has demonstrated clinically relevant increases in CSBM and improved measures of GI comfort in constipated populations. Green kiwifruits are a suitable dietary treatment for relief of constipation and associated GI comfort.
Differential diagnosis of follicular thyroid tumors using core-needle biopsy
Authors: Dolidze D. D. , Covantsev S. D. , Lebedinskiy I. N. , Rotin D. L. , Pichugina N. V. , Slepukhova D. V. , Gaibullaeva S. I.
Published: December 2022

Background. In recent decades, there has been an increase in the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the thyroid gland by 20%. In 2020, thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 586,202 people worldwide and caused 43,646 deaths. Diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma has stepped forward due to the introduction of fine needle aspiration biopsy into widespread practice, with the classification of cytological material according to the Bethesda system. However, one category of this classification traditionally remains a gray area of diagnosis. The detection of a follicular tumor in the cytological material (category IV according to Bethesda) does not allow one to reliably classify the formation as benign or malignant and requires surgical intervention. At the same time, in the vast majority of cases, the tumor is benign.

Aim. To evaluate the possibilities of trephine biopsy for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant neoplasms of the thyroid gland in the cytological category Bethesda IV.

Materials and methods. The study included 8 patients (2 men and 6 women) with a nodular thyroid gland and a cytological picture of a follicular tumor (Bethesda IV). The age of the patients ranged from 21 to 67 years, mean age 52.12±16.12. The sizes of nodule at US in three projections were accordingly 11,66±1,52; 11.33±1.15; 10.66±1.52 mm. Before the intervention, patients canceled drugs that affect the blood coagulation system. All patients underwent a trephine biopsy under ultrasound guidance with a mandatory assessment of blood supply in the mode of color Doppler mapping and power Dopplerography. Manipulation was performed along the midline of the neck through the isthmus of the thyroid gland. The material was taken from at least two sites, one through the tumor tissue, the other along the edge of the tumor with the capture of the capsule with a 18G needle. Additional biopsies were performed if a tumor site suspicious of malignancy was identified.

Results. The results of trephine biopsy coincided in 8 cases (100%) with the results of an urgent and planned histological examination. The obtained data were regarded as highly informative in 5 cases (62.5%) and medium informative in 3 cases (37.5%). The material reliably assessed the morphological type of the tumor, the degree of vascularization of the capsule, the presence or absence of invasion into the capsule or vessels. Histological studies made it possible to assess the size of the follicles, the presence of colloid, cell polymorphism, mitoses, and the contents of the cytoplasm; evaluate cell atypia.

Conclusion. In the future, trephine biopsy may become an additional opportunity to identify tumor-like formations in patients with follicular thyroid tumors.
Central cervical lymph node dissection in the treatment of papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Tigrov M. S. , Yakovleva L. P. , Kropotov M. A. , Gavrishchuk P. A. , Khodos A. V. , Vyalov А. S. , Alizade G. R.
Published: December 2022

Background. The need to perform prophylactic central cervical lymph node dissection in localized forms of highly differentiated thyroid cancer remains open at the moment. Preoperative examination does not always allow to reliably determine the presence of regional metastasis in the lymph nodes of the VI group.

Aim. Evaluation of the neck central lymphatic collector damage frequency in clinical N0-Nx based on the results of a morphological study after performing a preventive central cervical lymph node dissection.

Materials and methods. The study involved 295 patients operated on in 2016-2022 for papillary thyroid cancer with the prevalence of the tumor process — cT1-T2, N0-Nx. The ratio of men and women is 11.5% (n=34) and 88.5% (n=261). Of these, 40.7% (n=120) were less than 55 years old, 59.3% were more than 55 years old (n=175). All patients underwent surgical treatment in the amount of thyroidectomy and hemithyroidectomy with central cervical lymph node dissection.

Results. In a morphological study, in some patients there was a change in the clinical stage from T1-T2 to T3: pT1 was found in 80.3% (n=237); рТ2 — in 9.2% (n=27); рТ3 — in 10.5% (n=31). In 77 (26.1%) of 295 patients, metastases were found in the lymph nodes of the central tissue of the neck. Primary surgical treatment — thyroidectomy with central cervical lymph node dissection —was performed in 295 patients, of which tumors corresponding to the cT1 — 247 (83.7%), cT2 — 48 (16.3%). According to the results of pathomorphological examination of the tissue of the neck after prophylactic lymph node dissection, pN1a was detected in 57 (23.1%) and 20 (41.7%) patients, respectively.

When assessing the frequency of damage to the regional lymph collector of group VI after performing a morphological study of the removed tissue, it was revealed that with pT1 the frequency of damage to the lymph nodes was 22.8% (n54); at рТ2 — 33.3% (n9); and at pT3 this figure increases to 45.2% (n14).

Conclusion. According to the results of the study, it was revealed that there is a clear dependence of the defeat of regional lymph nodes of the central tissue of the neck on the size of the primary tumor from 22.8% with pT1 to 33.3% with pT2 and 45.2% with pT3. Thus, the implementation of prophylactic central cervical lymphadenectomy for papillary thyroid cancer is an important component of surgical treatment.