bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching Children With Language-Learning Disabilities to Plan and Revise Compare–Contrast Texts
Authors: Shen Mei , Troia Gary A.
Published: March 2017

This study used a multiple-probe, multiple-baseline single-case design to investigate the efficacy of planning, and then revising strategy instruction using self-regulated strategy development on the compare–contrast writing performance of three late elementary students with language-learning disabilities. After receiving the planning instruction, all three students spent more time planning and generated quality written plans. Their essays were longer, included more text structure elements, and demonstrated better overall quality. After receiving the subsequent revising instruction, further increases in writing accuracy were found, but planning time, quality of written plans, text length, and text structure elements somewhat decreased. Also, overall essay quality did not further improve following revising instruction. Positive gains were maintained for 4 weeks and generalized to writing explanatory essays.
The Pseudo-Jewishness of Pseudo-Phocylides
Authors: Klawans Jonathan
Published: March 2017

For over 150 years, The Sentences of Pseudo-Phocylides has been considered a Jewish work, though scholars have struggled to identify its purpose. This article revisits the question on definitional, evidentiary, and even moral grounds. On definitional grounds, it is problematic to speak of a Jewish work that displays no distinctive Jewish concerns. On evidentiary grounds, we know that the work was transmitted and used by Christians, and we can establish that its selective approach to biblical ethics aligns with identifiably Christian priorities. A Jewish provenance can be hypothesized, but we need not imagine a Christian context for the work. Finally, on moral grounds, we must avoid prejudicial assumptions, such that only a Jew could know the Pentateuch well enough to produce The Sentences. Pseudo-Phocylides's Jewishness is a pseudo-Jewishness. The evidence suggests its Christian use, its Christian allegiance and, therefore, its Christian authorship.
Knowledge of practice: A multi-sited event ethnography of border security fairs in Europe and North America
Authors: Baird Theodore
Published: March 2017

This article takes the reader inside four border security fairs in Europe and North America to examine the knowledge practices of border security professionals. Building on the border security as practice research agenda, the analysis focuses on the production, circulation, and consumption of scarce forms of knowledge. To explore situated knowledge of border security practices, I develop an approach to multi-sited event ethnography to observe and interpret knowledge that may be hard to access at the security fairs. The analysis focuses on mechanisms for disseminating and distributing scarce forms of knowledge, technological materializations of situated knowledge, expressions of transversal knowledge of security problems, how masculinities structure knowledge in gendered ways, and how unease is expressed through imagined futures in order to anticipate emergent solutions to proposed security problems. The article concludes by reflecting on the contradictions at play at fairs and how to address such contradictions through alternative knowledges and practices.
Mapping Open Innovation: A Bibliometric Review to Compare Developed and Emerging Countries
Authors: de Paulo Alex Fabianne , Carvalho Luísa Cagica , Costa Maria Teresa G.V. , Lopes Jose Eduardo F. , Galina Simone V.R.
Published: March 2017

Business and academic interests in open innovation have increased; however, the evolution of this topic in the emerging countries is unknown. This article aims to provide a bibliometric analysis of open innovation in developed and emerging countries. The research has covered 1,925 articles between the years 2000 and 2014 in Web of Science (WoS) database. The terms ‘open innovation’, ‘user innovation’, ‘cumulative innovation, ‘trading know-how’, ‘mass innovation’, ‘distributed innovation’, ‘innovative cooperation’ and ‘collaborative innovation’ have been selected as research keywords, considering their presence in the title, abstract or based on the keywords of the articles. The countries were divided into two groups (developed countries, i.e., G7, and emerging countries, i.e., Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa [BRICS]) depending on the degree of research maturity described in their studies on open innovation. Data analyses have revealed a significant increase in the research on open innovation in the past years. However, it was found that a huge discrepancy exists between the two groups on the number of publications and citations. This study confirms, through a bibliometric analysis, some differences which could be found between the two groups and their influence on the reversal of this scenario, which indirectly affects the development of the emerging countries. It was also found that the groups G7 or BRICS are not statistically important factors for the further development of open innovation research. Analyzing individually, G7 countries have greater relevance in the conduction of studies on open innovation, whereas the BRICS countries are still at an embryonic stage of research on this topic.
The impact of advanced proteomics in the search for markers and therapeutic targets of bladder cancer
Authors: Zhang Hongshuo , Fan Yue , Xia Lingling , Gao Chunhui , Tong Xin , Wang Hanfu , Sun Lili , Ji Tuo , Jin Mingyu , Gu Bing , Fan Bo
Published: March 2017

Bladder cancer is the most common cancer of the urinary tract and can be avoided through proper surveillance and monitoring. Several genetic factors are known to contribute to the progression of bladder cancer, many of which produce molecules that serve as cancer biomarkers. Blood, urine, and tissue are commonly analyzed for the presence of biomarkers, which can be derived from either the nucleus or the mitochondria. Recent advances in proteomics have facilitated the high-throughput profiling of data generated from bladder cancer–related proteins or peptides in parallel with high sensitivity and specificity, providing a wealth of information for biomarker discovery and validation. However, the transmission of screening results from one laboratory to another remains the main disadvantage of these methods, a fact that emphasizes the need for consistent and standardized procedures as suggested by the Human Proteome Organization. This review summarizes the latest discoveries and progress of biomarker identification for the early diagnosis, projected prognosis, and therapeutic response of bladder cancer, informs the readers of the current status of proteomic-based biomarker findings, and suggests avenues for future work.
Expression and prognostic value of soluble CD97 and its ligand CD55 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Meng Ze-Wu , Liu Min-Chao , Hong Hai-Jie , Du Qiang , Chen Yan-Ling
Published: March 2017

The incidence rate of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is rising, and treatment options are limited. Therefore, new biological markers of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma are needed. Immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were applied to analyze the expressions of CD97, CD55, and soluble CD97 in 71 patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and 10 patients with hepatolithiasis. CD97 and CD55 were not expressed in hepatolithiatic tissues, but positive expression was observed in 76.1% (54/71) and 70.4% (50/71) of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients. The univariate analyses indicated that the positive expressions of CD97 and CD55 were related to short intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma survival of patients (both p = 0.001). Furthermore, CD97 and CD55 expressions and biliary soluble CD97 levels were significantly associated with histological grade (p = 0.004, 0.002, and 0.012, respectively), lymph node metastases (p = 0.020, 0.038, and 0.001, respectively), and venous invasion (p = 0.003, 0.002, and 0.001, respectively). The multivariate analyses indicated that lymph node metastases (hazard ratio: 2.407, p = 0.003), positive CD55 expression (hazard ratio: 4.096, p = 0.003), and biliary soluble CD97 levels (hazard ratio: 2.434, p = 0.002) were independent risk factors for the intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma survival. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that when the cutoff values of biliary soluble CD97 were 1.15 U/mL, the diagnostic value for predicting lymph node metastasis had a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 51.3%. For intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patient death within 60 months at a cutoff value of 0.940 U/mL, the diagnostic value sensitivity was 89.3% and the specificity was 93.3%. Biliary soluble CD97 may be a new biological marker for early diagnosis, prediction of lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis, and discovery of a therapeutic target.
Between Concealing and Revealing Intersexed Bodies: Parental Strategies
Authors: Danon Limor Meoded , Krämer Anike
Published: March 2017

Parents of intersex children are perceived in many studies as hopeless, highly dependent on the medical system, and as gate keepers of normative gendered bodies. In this article, we challenge these perceptions and argue that parents of intersex children are problematically positioned between their children’s needs for care and well-being and the socialmedical forces that aim to “normalize” them. Their in-between position leads them to establish different parental strategies within and outside of traditional sex/gender norms. We focus on three intertwined parental strategy frameworks: bodily dialogue, sex/gender framing, and concealing/revealing practices, and describe how, in each of these strategic frameworks, the parents maneuver, act in accordance with or against, react to, and challenge the medical system, social interactions, and the sex/gender paradigm. This is a comparative study based on narrative interviews with 22 parents of intersex children in Germany and Israel.
Non-Healing Perianal Ulcers in a Healthy Elderly Male: An Unusual Case of Perforating Dermatosis
Authors: Cloutier-Bosworth Alia , Naert Karen , Kirshen Carly
Published: March 2017

Background:

Perforating dermatoses are a rare group of dermatologic conditions characterized by transepidermal elimination of dermal material that can be primary or acquired secondary to systemic disease.

Objective:

We present an atypical case of perforating dermatosis resembling elastosis perforans serpiginosa (EPS) presenting with perianal ulcers in an elderly male with no systemic disease or medications and outline his successful treatment course.

Conclusions:

Perianal ulcers in an otherwise healthy individual is an unusual presentation for perforating disorders but should be considered in cases not responding to traditional treatment options.
Assessment of radiation dose due to intake of uranium through groundwater and its carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks in southwest and northeast Punjab, India
Authors: Saini Komal , Duggal Vikas , Bajwa BS
Published: March 2017

This study was undertaken to assess uranium levels in drinking water along with carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks associated with its ingestion covering southwest and northeast regions of Punjab state, India. The uranium concentration in drinking water of southwest and northeast Punjab varied from 0.13 to 676 mg m−3 and 0.11 to 28.2 mg m−3 with mean values of 76.27 and 5.75 mg m−3, respectively. Thirty-five per cent (35%) of the analysed samples particularly from the southwest Punjab exceeded 60 mg m−3 Indian maximum acceptable concentration recommended by the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, India. The measured annual effective doses ranged from 0.22 to 1136 µSv y−1 and 0.18 to 47.4 µSv y−1 for southwest and northeast Punjab, respectively. The mean hazard quotient for southwest Punjab was found to be greater than 1, indicating significant risk due to chemical toxicity of uranium which suggests the regular detailed monitoring of uranium content in groundwater samples is required from different depths following grid pattern. However, the uranium concentration with its both radiological and chemical risks in all the water samples from northeast Punjab was well below the recommended limits.
Effect of Personalized Instructor–Student E-mail and Text Messages on Online Students’ Perceived Course Quality, Social Integration With Faculty, and Institutional Commitment
Authors: Putulowski Joe R. , Crosby Robert G.
Published: March 2017

Social isolation among online college students may be a key contributor to the higher attrition rates reported by online universities relative to traditional institutions. This experiment investigated the effects of instructor–student communication on online students’ self-reported social integration with faculty, institutional commitment, and perceived course quality. Participants were 242 students (26% men, 74% women) age 18 to 60 years ( M = 30.00, SD = 9.26) attending a midsized private Christian university in Southern California. Participants received varying frequencies (never, once, and weekly) and types (none, e-mail, and text) of personalized instructor–student messages. Students who received weekly messages rated their courses more highly after 4 weeks, but this effect later disappeared. There was no effect on social integration with faculty or institutional commitment. Results provide some support for consistent instructor–student communication but discourage a formulaic approach to combating student isolation and attrition.
Renalase Assessment With Regard to Kidney Function, Lipid Disturbances, and Endothelial Dysfunction Parameters in Stable Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Stojanovic Dijana , Cvetkovic Tatjana , Stojanovic Miodrag , Stefanovic Nikola , Velickovic-Radovanovic Radmila , Zivkovic Natasa
Published: March 2017

Background:

Renal transplant dysfunction has been shown to be independent predictor for premature cardiovascular disease and mortality. Renalase, a flavoprotein secreted by several tissues, including the kidney, has been found to regulate sympathetic tone and blood pressure. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to explore relationships among parameters of endothelial dysfunction, lipids, glomerular filtration rate, and renalase in 2 groups: renal transplant patients with controlled hypertension and healthy volunteers.

Methods:

In the parent study, 73 renal transplant recipients and 32 age- and gender-matched controls were enrolled. A fasting sample for endothelial, lipid, and renalase values, along with other clinical parameters, was obtained.

Results:

We found statistically significant inverse correlation between renalase and estimated glomerular filtration rate ( r = −0.552, P < .001), positive correlation between renalase and creatinine ( r = 0.364, P = .003), total cholesterol ( r = 0.578, P < .001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( r = 0.261, P = .046), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( r = 0.327, P = .01). Renalase inversely correlated with hemoglobin ( r = −0.232, P = .032) and positively with white blood cells ( r = 0.233, P = .032). There was a significant difference in plasma renalase with regard to chronic kidney disease stages ( F = 13.346, P < .001) but did not correlate with C-reactive protein. Renalase did not correlate with any of parameters of endothelial dysfunction, C-reactive protein, neither with some demographic data (gender, age, time or type of transplantation, risk factors). There were no differences in renalase concentration with regard to antihypertensive therapy.

Conclusion:

Renalase strongly and inversely correlated with kidney function, positively with creatinine and lipid disturbances. Due to that it is very likely that renalase levels are determined mostly by renal function.
The Frequency and Associated Factors for BK Virus Infection in a Center Performing Mainly Living Kidney Transplantations
Authors: Alagoz Selma , Kuskucu Mert , Gulcicek Sibel , Yalin Serkan Feyyaz , Oruc Meric , Midilli Kenan , Yılmaz Erkan , Altiparmak Mehmet Riza , Seyahi Nurhan
Published: March 2017

Purpose:

BK virus (BKV) nephropathy has increasingly become an important cause of morbidity in renal transplant recipients. We evaluated the frequency and associated factors for BKV infection in a center performing mainly living donor transplantations over a long time period.

Methods:

One hundred consecutive renal transplant patients were included. Quarterly visits were planned to examine urine for decoy cells and to measure the BKV DNA in the blood and urine. Renal biopsy was performed in case of deteriorated allograft function. Serological examinations for BKV immunoglobulin G (IgG) were performed in donors.

Results:

Throughout the entire follow-up period, the rates of viruria, viremia, and the positivity of decoy cells were 12%, 6%, and 13%, respectively. The negative and positive predictive values of decoy cells were 93.1% and 69.2%, respectively, for viruria, and 99.2% and 45.5%, respectively, for viremia. Biopsy-proven BKV nephropathy was observed in 1 patient. The BKV IgG was positive in all living donors. Viruria and viremia were associated with deceased donor transplantation, acute rejection, and pulse steroid therapy. In addition, viremia was associated with antithymocyte globulin therapy and a short duration of the posttransplant period.

Conclusions:

The frequency of BKV infection was lower in our transplant unit compared to previous reports. Reduced doses of immunosuppression seem to be the main factor that may explain the reduced frequency. However, an active screening strategy is still of importance for this patient group.
An Examination of the Criminological Consequences and Correlates of Remorselessness During Adolescence
Authors: Meldrum Ryan Charles , Piquero Alex R. , Ozkan Turgut , Powell Zachary A.
Published: March 2017

Warr recently proposed that remorselessness may offer a useful explanation for understanding persistence and desistance from criminal offending. While early empirical evidence supports this framework, not only is replication needed but there is also a need to consider potential determinants of remorselessness. Using data from the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, we examine the extent to which remorselessness relates to self-reported violence and aggression as well as several potential correlates of remorselessness. Our findings show that remorselessness during adolescence is associated with a higher likelihood of both self-reported violence and aggression even after controlling for self-control, peer violence, parenting, prior violence, and several other covariates. We also find that males and persons who associate with violent peers are more likely to evince higher remorselessness, while individuals exposed to higher quality parenting evince lower remorselessness. Implications of our findings are discussed.
Early spontaneous multiple fetal pregnancy reduction is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes in in vitro fertilization cycles
Authors: Petrini Allison C , Pereira Nigel , Lekovich Jovana P , Elias Rony T , Spandorfer Steven D
Published: March 2017

The primary objective of this study is to investigate whether early spontaneous multiple fetal pregnancy reduction, also known as vanishing twin syndrome, is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes in fresh in vitro fertilization cycles. This is a retrospective cohort study of women with live singleton births with and without an early vanishing twin after fresh in vitro fertilization. Characteristics compared included incidence of preterm birth, overall birth weight, overall low birth weight, overall very low birth weight, and term low birth weight. In all, 4049 patients with live singleton births were included—853 and 3196 with and without a vanishing twin, respectively. The vanishing twin group had a lower overall birth weight compared to those without (3279.5 ± 369.9 vs 3368.6 ± 567.5 g; p < 0.01). Early vanishing twin was also associated with an increased odds of overall low birth weight (odds ratio: 1.75; 95% confidence interval: 1.36–2.25; p < 0.01) and increased odds of term low birth weight (odds ratio: 3.44; 95% confidence interval: 2.14–5.53; p < 0.01). Our study suggests that early vanishing twin is associated with lower overall birth weight and higher odds of overall low birth weight and term low birth weight in live singleton births after fresh in vitro fertilization.
The Malevolent Side of Human Nature
Authors: Muris Peter , Merckelbach Harald , Otgaar Henry , Meijer Ewout
Published: March 2017

The term dark triad refers to the constellation of narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Over the past few years, the concept has gained momentum, with many researchers assuming that the dark triad is a prominent antecedent of transgressive and norm-violating behavior. Our purpose in this meta-analytic review was to evaluate (a) interrelations among narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy; (b) gender differences in these traits; (c) how these traits are linked to normal personality factors; and (d) the psychosocial correlates of the dark triad. Our findings show that dark triad traits are substantially intercorrelated, somewhat more prevalent among men than women, predominantly related to the Big Five personality factor of agreeableness and the HEXACO factor of honesty-humility, and generally associated with various types of negative psychosocial outcomes. We question whether dark triad traits are sufficiently distinct and argue that the way they are currently measured is too simple to capture the malevolent sides of personality. Because most research in this domain is cross-sectional and based on self-reports, we recommend using a cross-informant approach and prospective, longitudinal research designs for studying the predictive value of dark triad features.
On the Communicative Function of Body Odors
Authors: de Groot Jasper H. B. , Semin Gün R. , Smeets Monique A. M.
Published: March 2017

Humans use multiple senses to navigate the social world, and the sense of smell is arguably the most underestimated one. An intriguing aspect of the sense of smell is its social communicative function. Research has shown that human odors convey information about a range of states (e.g., emotions, sickness) and traits (e.g., individuality, gender). Yet, what underlies the communicability of these states and traits via smell? We fill this explanatory gap with a framework that highlights the dynamic and flexible aspects of human olfactory communication. In particular, we explain how chemical profiles, associative learning (i.e., the systematic co-occurrence of chemical profiles with state- or trait-related information), and top-down contextual influences could interact to shape human odor perception. Our model not only helps to integrate past research on human olfactory communication but it also opens new avenues for future research on this fascinating, yet to date poorly understood, field.
Thalidomide induces clinical remission and mucosal healing in adults with active Crohn’s disease: a prospective open-label study
Authors: He Yao , Mao Ren , Chen Fang , Xu Ping-Ping , Chen Bai-Li , Wu Yun , Qiu Yun , Zhang Sheng-Hong , Feng Rui , Zeng Zhi-Rong , Ben-Horin Shomron , Chen Min-Hu
Published: March 2017

Background:

Thalidomide is effective in inducing and maintaining clinical remission in children and adolescents with refractory Crohn’s disease (CD). However, little is known about the efficacy and safety of thalidomide for adult patients with CD.

Methods:

We conducted a prospective open-label cohort study between January 2013 and April 2015. A total of 47 adult patients with active CD who were dependent/resistant or intolerant to corticosteroids and/or immunomodulators or biologics received 50–100 mg of thalidomide daily. Primary outcome was clinical remission evaluated at week 8. Endoscopic assessment was performed at week 24 and defined as endoscopic response (decrease in Crohn’s Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity [CDEIS] score > 5 points from baseline CDEIS of 6 or more), complete endoscopic remission (CDEIS score < 3), and mucosal healing (MH) (no ulceration).

Results:

A total of 47 adults with active CD were enrolled. The clinical remission rate was 14.9% and 23.4% at week 4 and week 8, but increased to 46.8% at week 12 and 53.2% at week 24 out of all the 47 patients included (intention-to-treat analysis). Altogether 32 patients consented and underwent ileocolonoscopy at week 24. The rate of endoscopic response and complete endoscopic remission were 68.4% and 43.8%. MH (no ulceration) was achieved in 28.1% of patients. Adverse events occurred in 27/47 (57.4%) patients but necessitated therapy discontinuation in only 5/47 (10.6%) of patients.

Conclusions:

Low-dose thalidomide was effective and tolerated for inducing and maintaining clinical remission in adult patients with active CD, but the optimal time frame for thalidomide to induce clinical remission may be longer than previously appreciated and is probably optimal at 12 weeks. MH could reasonably be achievable with thalidomide.
Controversies and challenges in fibromyalgia: a review and a proposal
Authors: Cohen Helen
Published: March 2017

Fibromyalgia (FM) is the most commonly encountered chronic widespread pain (CWP) condition in rheumatology. In comparison to inflammatory arthritis (IA), it can seem ill defined with no clear understanding of the pathology and therefore no specific targeted treatment. This inevitably raises controversies and challenges. However, this is an outdated view perpetuated by poor teaching of pain at undergraduate and postgraduate levels, and the perennial problem of advances in relevant cross-speciality knowledge penetrating speciality silos. Research has provided a better understanding of the aetiopathology and FM is now regarded as a centralized pain state. Effective treatment is possible utilizing a multidisciplinary approach combining nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatments rooted in a biopsychosocial model. This article will provide a review of the mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of FM, focus on some ongoing contentious issues and propose a change to the diagnostic terminology.
Does Foot Position and Location of Measurement Influence Ankle Medial Clear Space?
Authors: Baumfeld Daniel , Baumfeld Tiago , Cangussú João , Macedo Benjamim , Silva Thiago Alexandre Alves , Raduan Fernando , Nery Caio
Published: March 2017

Purpose. There is still controversy regarding normal and abnormal values of the medial clear space (MCS) of the ankle. The aim of this study was to assess how much different degrees of plantar flexion, with and without stress, influenced the MCS. Methods. We submitted 30 volunteers to 6 different anteroposterior ankle radiographs in the following positions: neutral, neutral with external rotation stress, physiologic plantar flexion (FPF), physiologic plantar flexion with external rotation stress, maximum plantar flexion (MPF), and maximum plantar flexion with external rotation stress. The MCS oblique (MCSo) and perpendicular (MCSp) were measured in all images by an experienced foot and ankle surgeon. Results. The data showed that the position of the foot does influence the value of MCSp and MCSo ( P < .05), except for 3 comparisons. MCSo did not change between FPF with stress and MPF with stress. MCSp did not change in 2 situations: between FPF and neutral with stress and between MPF and FPF with stress. Conclusions. This study is unique in showing that different ways of positioning the foot and performing stress radiographs results in different MCS values and that these values differ depending on the anatomical site where they are measured.

Levels of Evidence: Diagnostic, Level IV
A rigid projectile perforation model for metallic targets with the free-surface and fracture effects
Authors: Xiao YK , Wu H , Fang Q , Kong XZ
Published: March 2017

The metallic targets are regarded as the compressible power-law strain-hardening materials, and the resistance function coefficients for three kinds of steel and 11 kinds of aluminum targets are obtained based on the spherical cavity-expansion theory. Then, an explicit expression for projectile impact resistance is proposed by curve-fitting, which is simple to use without performing the complex numerical solution. For the projectile perforating on the finite thickness plate, the free-surface effect is realized by multiplying a decay function with the above explicit resistance. Furthermore, a new phenomenological perforation model considering the projectile entry and exit phases, compressibility, rear free-surface and fracture effects of target is established, which is sufficiently verified by comparing with the existing 19 sets of projectile perforation tests and two typical theoretical models. Finally, the influence of the impact velocity on the rear free-surface effect is discussed.
Information Flow Solipsism in an Exploratory Study of Beliefs About Twitter
Authors: Proferes Nicholas
Published: March 2017

There is a dearth of research on the public’s beliefs about how social media technologies work. To help address this gap, this article presents the results of an exploratory survey that probes user and non-user beliefs about the techno-cultural and socioeconomic facets of Twitter. While many users are well-versed in producing and consuming information on Twitter, and understand Twitter makes money through advertising, the analysis reveals gaps in users’ understandings of the following: what other Twitter users can see or send, the kinds of user data Twitter collects through third parties, Twitter and Twitter partners’ commodification of user-generated content, and what happens to Tweets in the long term. This article suggests the concept of “information flow solipsism” as a way of describing the resulting subjective belief structure. The article discusses implications information flow solipsism has for users’ abilities to make purposeful and meaningful choices about the use and governance of social media spaces, to evaluate the information contained in these spaces, to understand how content users create is utilized by others in the short and long term, and to conceptualize what information other users experience.
Assessing the media visibility of China’s President Xi Jinping’s first 3-year governance in The New York Times
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqun
Published: March 2017

This study assessed the media visibility, a composite measure of attention and prominence, of China’s President Xi Jinping’s first 3-year governance in The New York Times. The assessment was based on the content analysis of 317 news articles focusing on Chinese President. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify three major frames, 12 mid-level frames, and 18 sub-frames. Quantitative content analysis was used to measure the attention, prominence, and the combination of these two parameters of these frames. The findings showed that The New York Times employed multiple frames to report Chinese President, and the two frames with the highest media visibility are (Domestic) Campaigns and Strategies and China-United States (relations), rather than Human Rights.
Discourse and identity in the Hong Kong comic magazine Teddy Boy
Authors: Fung Anthony , Pun Boris
Published: March 2017

The discourse and cultural identity of Hong Kong media have long been of academic concern. Hong Kong media and the consumption of cultural products often reveal the process of local cultural identification formation and discourse practices. Based on the textual analysis of a local comic, Teddy Boy, this article attempts to explore and examine the discursive culture and nature of Hong Kong identity. Based on du Gay et al.’s concept of the circuit of culture, this article explores how the local discourse is formed and legitimized in the process of textual production and consumption by the representation of an idealized cultural hero. In the conclusion, we argue for a connection between local and global identity formations.
The state of China’s collective rights management in the context of the United States and Japan
Authors: Zhang Fengyan
Published: March 2017

With the rapid expansion of China’s economy, China’s music industries have shown rapid growth, and new companies have entered the marketplace. As these companies have had little pre-existing experience with the music industry—not to mention that music industry is a relatively new concept in China—the expansion has been not only rapid but also disordered and chaotic. One component of a mature music industry are collective rights management or performing rights organizations, which are independent non-profit social organizations that collect license fees on behalf of copyright holders (songwriters, composers, music publishers) and distribute these fees as royalties to members whose works have been performed. In this “In Focus” report, we compare and contrast the state of collective rights management in China, the United States, and Japan. Recognizing that China’s representative, the Music Copyright Society of China, is new to the scene, we should not be terribly surprised that it is lagging behind the other countries. Herein, we cite various areas where improvement is necessary so that China’s collective rights management can be in part with its international peers.
The Impact of Osseous Malalignment and Realignment Procedures in Knee Ligament Surgery: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Evidence
Authors: Tischer Thomas , Paul Jochen , Pape Dietrich , Hirschmann Michael T. , Imhoff Andreas B. , Hinterwimmer Stefan , Feucht Matthias J.
Published: March 2017

Background:

Failure rates of knee ligament surgery may be high, and the impact of osseous alignment on surgical outcome remains controversial. Basic science studies have demonstrated that osseous malalignment can negatively affect ligament strain and that realignment procedures may improve knee joint stability.

Hypothesis/Purpose:

The purpose of this review was to summarize the clinical evidence concerning the impact of osseous malalignment and realignment procedures in knee ligament surgery. The hypotheses were that lower extremity malalignment would be an important contributor to knee ligament surgery failure and that realignment surgery would contribute to increased knee stability and improved outcome in select cases.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

According to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, a systematic electronic search of the PubMed database was performed in November 2015 to identify clinical studies investigating (A) the influence of osseous alignment on postoperative stability and/or failure rates after knee ligament surgery and (B) the impact of osseous realignment procedures in unstable knees with or without additional knee ligament surgery on postoperative knee function and stability. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence and the Coleman Methodological Score (CMS).

Results:

Of the 1466 potentially relevant articles, 28 studies fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Average study quality was poor (CMS, 40). For part A, studies showed increased rerupture rate after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) replacement in patients with increased tibial slope. Concerning the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)/posterolateral corner (PLC)/lateral collateral ligament (LCL), varus malalignment was considered a significant risk factor for failure. For part B, studies showed decreased anterior tibial translation after slope-decreasing high tibial osteotomy in ACL-deficient knees. Correcting varus malalignment in PCL/PLC/LCL instability also showed increased stability and better outcomes.

Conclusion:

In cases of complex knee instability, the 3-dimensional osseous alignment of the knee should be considered (eg, mechanical weightbearing line and tibial slope). In cases of failed ACL reconstruction, the tibial slope should be considered, and slope-reducing osteotomies are often helpful in the patient revised multiple times. In cases of chronic PCL and/or PLC instability, osseous correction of the varus alignment may reduce the failure rate and is often the first step in treatment. Changes in the mechanical axis should be considered in all cases of instability accompanied by early unicompartmental osteoarthritis.
Frontier Heritage Migration in the Global Ethnic Economy
Authors: Myambo Melissa Tandiwe
Published: March 2017

South Africa, China, India, and other industrializing countries are receiving increasing numbers of frontier heritage migrants—those who were raised in “First World” countries like the United States and who are now moving to their ancestral ethnic homelands. The primary aim of this article is to offer a conceptual definition of (frontier) heritage migration to interrogate its ability to illuminate the rapid shifts wrought by neoliberal globalization and to illustrate why it is imperative to redefine “economy” in broader cultural terms, rethinking it as the global ethnic economy. Drawing on semistructured in-depth interviews with heritage migrants to the new South Africa and scholarly and media accounts documenting this trend to other emerging economies such as Ghana and Vietnam, the article analyzes how Asian and African heritage migrants from Euro-America mobilize their First World cultural capital and their ethnic heritage to seek out opportunities in their globalizing ancestral homelands. The narrations by and about these heritage migrants contribute to a changing global imaginary in the post–Cold War world in which race and ethnicity function as both push and pull factors for these migrants.
Dodging the Taxman: Firm Misreporting and Limits to Tax Enforcement
Authors: Carrillo Paul , Pomeranz Dina , Singhal Monica
Published: March 2017

Reducing tax evasion is a priority for many governments. A growing literature argues that verifying taxpayer reports against third-party information is critical for tax collection. However, effectiveness can be limited when tax authorities face constraints to credible enforcement and taxpayers make offsetting adjustments on other margins. We exploit a policy intervention in which Ecuadorian firms were notified about detected revenue discrepancies. Most firms simply failed to respond. Firms that responded increased reported revenue, matching the discrepancy amount when provided. However, they also increased reported costs by 96 cents per dollar of revenue adjustment, resulting in minor increases in tax collection. (JEL D22, H25, H26, O23)
Expertise versus Bias in Evaluation: Evidence from the NIH
Authors: Li Danielle
Published: March 2017

Evaluators with expertise in a particular field may have an informational advantage in separating good projects from bad. At the same time, they may also have personal preferences that impact their objectivity. This paper examines these issues in the context of peer review at the US National Institutes of Health. I show that evaluators are both better informed and more biased about the quality of projects in their own area. On net, the benefits of expertise weakly dominate the costs of bias. As such, policies designed to limit bias by seeking impartial evaluators may reduce the quality of funding decisions. (JEL D82, H51, I10, I23, O38)
Wealth Heterogeneity and the Income Elasticity of Migration
Authors: Bazzi Samuel
Published: March 2017

How do income shocks affect international migration flows from poor countries? Income growth not only increases the opportunity cost of migration but also eases liquidity constraints. I develop a method to separate these countervailing individual effects and identify the overall income elasticity of migration. Using new administrative and census data from Indonesia, I find that positive agricultural income shocks increase labor emigration flows, particularly in villages with relatively more small landholders. However, in the most developed rural areas, persistent income shocks reduce emigration. Overall, the findings highlight the important role of wealth heterogeneity in shaping migration flows as incomes rise. (JEL F22, J43, O13, O15, Q11, Q12, R23)
The Distortionary Effects of Incentives in Government: Evidence from China's “Death Ceiling” Program
Authors: Fisman Raymond , Wang Yongxiang
Published: March 2017

We study a 2004 program designed to motivate Chinese bureaucrats to reduce accidental deaths. Each province received a set of “death ceilings” that, if exceeded, would impede government officials' promotions. For each category of accidental deaths, we observe a sharp discontinuity in reported deaths at the ceiling, suggestive of manipulation. Provinces with safety incentives for municipal officials experienced larger declines in accidental deaths, suggesting complementarities between incentives at different levels of government. While realized accidental deaths predict the following year's ceiling, we observe no evidence that provinces manipulate deaths upward to avoid ratchet effects in the setting of death ceilings. (JEL D73, J28, J45, J81, O15, P26, P36)
Saving Soviet Science: The Impact of Grants When Government R&D Funding Disappears
Authors: Ganguli Ina
Published: March 2017

I estimate the impact of a historic grant program, funded by George Soros, that provided grants to over 28,000 Soviet scientists shortly after the end of the USSR. Exploiting a discontinuity in the grant eligibility formula, I show that the grants more than doubled publications on the margin, significantly induced scientists to remain in the science sector, and had long-lasting impacts. While existing evidence shows negligible impacts of scientific grants, I show that funding for science can have high marginal returns when funding levels are low relative to the stock of human capital. (JEL H54, H81, I23, J44, O32, O38, P35)
RNA and Proteins: Mutual Respect
Authors: Hall Kathleen B.
Published: March 2017

Proteins and RNA are often found in ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs), where they function in cellular processes to synthesize proteins (the ribosome), chemically modify RNAs (small nucleolar RNPs), splice pre-mRNAs (the spliceosome), and, on a larger scale, sequester RNAs, degrade them, or process them (P bodies, Cajal bodies, and nucleoli). Each RNA–protein interaction is a story in itself, as both molecules can change conformation, compete for binding sites, and regulate cellular functions. Recent studies of Xist long non-coding RNP, the U4/5/6 tri-small nuclear RNP complex, and an activated state of a spliceosome reveal new features of RNA interactions with proteins, and, although their stories are incomplete, they are already fascinating.
X chromosome inactivation: new players in the initiation of gene silencing
Authors: Pinheiro Ines , Heard Edith
Published: March 2017

X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a dosage compensation process that was adopted by female mammals to balance gene dosage between XX females and XY males. XCI starts with the upregulation of the non-coding RNA Xist, after which most X-linked genes are silenced and acquire a repressive chromatin state. Even though the chromatin marks of the inactive X have been fairly well described, the mechanisms responsible for the initiation of XCI remain largely unknown. In this review, we discuss recent developments that revealed unexpected factors playing a role in XCI and that might be of crucial importance to understand the mechanisms responsible for the very first steps of this chromosome-wide gene-silencing event.
Perceived barriers for active commuting to school among adolescents from Curitiba, Brazil
Authors: Becker Leonardo , Fermino Rogério , Lima Alex , Rech Cassiano , Añez Ciro , Reis Rodrigo
Published: March 2017

The aim of this study was to analyze the association between perceived barriers for active commuting to school in the form of displacement of adolescents from Curitiba, Brazil. Interviews were conducted in six schools (three public and three private) with 741 adolescents aged 11-18 yrs. Perceived barriers for active commuting were assessed through a questionnaire with seventeen questions. Active commuting was defined as walking or bicycling to or form school at least one day per week. The associations were tested by Poisson regressions with 5% significance level. The prevalence of active commuting was of 42.9% (50.0% in boys and 37.2% in girls, p<0,001). For boys the barriers: "It is too far" (PR: 0.71; CI95%: 0.60- 0.86), "Route as boring" (PR: 1.30; CI95%: 1.04-1.62) and "Too much traffic" (RP: 1.27; CI95%: 1:04 to 1:56) were associated with active commuting. For girls, the barriers: "It is easier to go by car or bus" (PR: 0.70; CI95%: 0.56-0.88) and involve "It requires too much planning" (PR: 0.60; CI95%: 0.42-0.86) were associated with active commuting. Environmental and psychological barriers were associates with active commuting among adolescents to school. Efforts to promote active commuting, should consider gender specific actions. Providing safe routes and organize group activities for girls, and indicate faster routes for boys could help increasing this behavior among adolescents.
Sink or Swim: The Role of Workplace Context in Shaping Career Advancement and Human-Capital Development
Authors: Chattopadhyay Shinjinee , Choudhury Prithwiraj
Published: March 2017

We develop and test predictions on how early career challenges arising from the workplace context affect short- and long-term career advancement of individuals. Typically an organization’s decision to deploy a manager to one of several possible contexts is endogenous to unobservable factors, and selection makes it challenging to disentangle the effect of workplace context on individual career advancement. We work around this problem by studying an organization, the Indian Administrative Services, which deploys entry-level managers quasirandomly across India. We find that managers deployed to more challenging contexts early in their careers experience faster career advancement in the short term. We present suggestive evidence that this is because challenging contexts provide managers more opportunities to develop skills (“crucible experiences”), and a greater motivation to relocate out of the challenging context. We also find that managers deployed to a challenging context early in their careers continue to experience faster advancement in the long term, suggesting that initial deployment to a challenging context is associated with human capital development. Managers initially deployed to more challenging contexts were not, however, more likely to break into the upper echelons of the organization.

The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2017.1115 .
Patient satisfaction with clinicians in colorectal 2-week wait clinics
Authors: Cock Karen , Kent Bridie
Published: March 2017

Aim:

To determine if patient satisfaction is affected by the clinician (nurse or doctor), conducting the colorectal 2-week wait (2ww) clinics.

Methods:

A prospective non-randomised comparative cohort study of 339 consecutive patients (divided by blind allocation into nurse-led (n=216) and doctor-led (n=123) cohorts) conducted over a 3-month period. Patient satisfaction in both cohorts was assessed by an adapted version of the Grogan et al validated patient satisfaction questionnaire. The questionnaire was piloted first and was found to have high internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha=0.91).

Results:

The study had a response rate of 78% (n=258/331) and overall satisfaction scores showed 85% (n=149/175) of patients in the nurse-led cohort and 65% (n=54/83) of patients in the doctor-led cohort strongly agreed that they were satisfied with the care they received. Mean overall satisfaction scores in the two cohorts revealed that the nurse-led cohort achieved significantly more ‘strongly agree’ responses than the doctor-led cohort (p<0.001, CI: 95%). Further analysis of the responses to each question demonstrated statistical significance when comparing the two cohorts.

Conclusions:

The study offered patients the opportunity to reflect on service delivery enabling a more responsive approach to health care within the colorectal 2ww service. It found that patient satisfaction was affected by the clinician conducting the 2ww clinic, in that the nurse-led cohort displayed significantly higher patient satisfaction. However, there are areas that merit further research.