bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of skin effect via separated representations
Authors: Pineda‐Sanchez M. , Chinesta F. , Roger‐Folch J. , Riera‐Guasp M. , Pérez‐Cruz J. , Daïm F.
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to apply the method of separation of variables to obtain the current distribution in the slot of an electrical machine, taking into account the skin effect.

Design/methodology/approach

A slot in an electrical machine, filled with a solid conductor, and fed with an externally imposed density current, presents a current distribution that depends on the skin effect. The magnetic potential vector is formulated and solved using a separate representation as a finite sum of unidimensional (space and time) functions, taking into account the boundary conditions. The proposed method obtains the transient and permanent distribution of the current in the interior of the slot, both in transient and steady regime, and the results at the end of the transient are compared with the analytic ones in permanent regime.

Findings

The magnetic potential vector in the interior of a slot filled with a solid conductor can be expressed as a finite sum of just 16 modes, which capture the evolution of the field during the transient and permanent regime. These modes are expressed as the product of space and time functions, which have been obtained automatically by the separation of variables algorithm. Instead of solving multiple field problems, one for each time instant, the proposed method just solves two single‐variable differential equations, one in the time domain and other in the spatial one.

Research limitations/implications

The application of the proposed method to non‐sinusoidal currents, such as those generated by variable speed‐drives, would allow to compute the field taking into account both the very small time scale of the pulse width modulation pulses, in the range of kiloHz, and the wide time scale of the currents envelope, in the range of 0‐100 Hz. Extension to 2D and 3D spatial configurations is also under consideration.

Originality/value

Using the method of separation of variables to solve electromagnetic problems provides a new method which can simplify and speed up the computation of transient fields in multidimensional time and space domains.
Computation of lightning electromagnetic field in the presence of a tall tower with the HYBRID method
Authors: M'ziou Nassima , Mokhnache Leila , Boubakeur Ahmed , Azzouz Zineddine , Kattan Rafic
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a numerical method in time domain in order to solve the electric and magnetic fields radiated from lightning in the presence of the tall tower. This paper is very important in calculating lightning electromagnetic field – obtaining directly the solution in time domain with a reduced computation time and reduced space memory.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, a HYBRID method is proposed for the calculation of the electromagnetic field associated with lightning strikes to tall towers. The proposed method is a combination between a numerical integration method and the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The HYBRID method is an alternative approach that takes advantage of this combination to calculate, first, the radiated magnetic field; this field is obtained by the use of the Simpson method, and, second the electric field, based partially on the FDTD method.

Findings

The results of lightning electromagnetic field in the presence of a tall tower obtained by this proposed method: HYBRID method are in agreement with experimental results or simulated results (by the use of other methods: method in frequency domain). This method can be applied to solve the lightning electromagnetic field equation for far distances or close distances from lightning stroke.

Originality/value

This paper presents a temporal method to obtain the lightning electromagnetic field in the presence of a tall tower with reduced space memory and reduced time.
Parallel direct solver for the finite integration technique in electromagnetics
Authors: Tinzefte Abdellatif , Le Menach Yvonnick , Korecki Julien , Piriou Francis
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a solving method based on the parallelization of the calculus of the finite integration technique on many processors and discuss its efficiency following the number of processors.

Design/methodology/approach

The finite integration technique is used in different engineering domains as well as to compute the electromagnetic phenomena. This technique is efficient and generates a linear system with regular structure, this system can be implemented and solved in parallel with a direct solver. In fact, in reordering the unknowns by the nested dissection method, the lower triangular matrix of the Cholesky factorization can be constructed with many processors without assembling the matrix system.

Findings

This paper deals with the parallelization of the finite integration technique which is performed by data partitioning and leads to a high‐performance.

Originality/value

The paper presents a parallel implementation of the finite integration technique associated to a direct solver which is practical and efficient.
Computer modelling of 3D transient thermal field coupled with electromagnetic field in three‐phase induction motor on load
Authors: Komęza Krzysztof , López‐Fernández Xosé M. , Lefik Marcin
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present the plan to develop the known algorithm for thermal and electromagnetic coupled problem calculation. This is used for three‐phase induction motor (IM) on nominal load. An additional purpose is verification empiric expressions of the heat transfer and equivalent thermal conductivity coefficients for external faces and air zones in analysed motor taken from literature.

Design/methodology/approach

The numerical investigations proposed in this paper are based on 3D finite element models for thermal and electromagnetic fields analysis. Electromagnetic analysis includes iron core losses. It gives additional heat sources to thermal analysis. Heat transfer and equivalent thermal conductivity coefficients are assessed applying empiric expressions. Thermal model is experimentally validated.

Findings

The results of calculations and experimental test shows that heat transfer coefficient for external zones taken from literature does not guarantee the equal accuracy of the distribution of the temperature in all volume of the machine.

Research limitations/implications

Taken from literature, empirical equations do not give correct values of heat transfer coefficient. It states ways to go further in the evaluation of heat transfer coefficients.

Originality/value

This paper presents modelling methodology of 3D transient thermal field coupled with electromagnetic field applied in three‐phase IM at rated load conditions.
Inter‐turn short‐circuit effect on induction machine iron losses
Authors: Jelassi S. , Romary R. , Brudny J.F.
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to estimate the iron losses for an induction machine in the healthy case taking the slotting effect into account and to study the effect of an inter‐turn short‐circuit on these losses. Theoretical results are then compared with experimental ones.

Design/methodology/approach

A simple analytical model of iron losses allows one to calculate and to appreciate the contribution of the slotting effect on induction machine iron losses without and with an inter‐turn stator short‐circuit. This semi‐analytical approach is based on the iron stator and rotor flux density repartition which is deduced from the air‐gap flux density.

Findings

The iron losses are not only due to the fundamental air‐gap flux density, but also to the slotting harmonics. In fact, the slotting effect generates harmonic flux density waves with very low magnitudes but with high‐angular velocities, leading to non‐negligible harmonic iron dynamic losses which have similar values on both the stator and the rotor. The inter‐turn short‐circuit generates an iron losses and a slotting harmonic contribution increase.

Research limitations/implications

Experimental measurements give the total iron losses. They do not allow separating the fundamental and the slotting harmonics contribution.

Practical implications

The knowledge of the iron losses behaviour in the healthy machine taking into account the slotting effect is important to optimize the design. The fault contribution on these losses allows one to estimate the damage which can be engendered by the fault.

Originality/value

Generally, iron losses studies and calculations are performed numerically using finite element software. The analytical approach can be interesting because it allows one to make faster calculations and to analyze the influence of the machine geometric parameters.
Permanent magnet (de‐) magnetization and soft iron hysteresis effects
Authors: Michaelides A.M. , Simkin J. , Kirby P. , Riley C.P.
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to promote practical methods for the numerical modelling of hard magnetic materials and soft ferromagnetic materials in an engineering context (design of electrical machines).

Design/methodology/approach

Objectives achieved by the use of a practical, semi‐empirical material model that needs modest material data and computer resources. Methods: a focused theoretical specification and algorithm development; use of actual material data for algorithm validation; incorporation in commercial engineering software as a test harness. Approach: a practical engineering scheme using a macroscopic material model based on readily available materials data. Scope: numerical model of hard magnetic and soft ferromagnetic materials; scalar and vector hysteresis, major and minor loops.

Findings

The limited practicality of much of the literature, especially vector hysteresis; successful use of the model in an existing non‐linear numerical solver; energy conservation gives confidence in the results; the electric motor provides a good validation test case.

Research limitations/implications

Possible future research: application to more complicated material properties such as magneto‐relaxation.

Practical implications

The paper extends the scope of computer‐aided engineering design of electrical machines. The impact on the developer: increased sale of an engineering software product. The impact on the design engineer: more efficient designs, reduced prototyping, reduced technical risk.

Originality/value

The algorithm that provides an effective material model; the focus on the practical issues of data and computational resources; the implementation of a theoretical construct in a large‐scale engineering design program. The value is to designers of electrical machines.
Effects of carrier frequency of PWM inverter on electrical loss of interior permanent magnet motor
Authors: Kawase Yoshihiro , Yamaguchi Tadashi , Umemura Tomohiro , Shibayama Yoshiyasu , Hanaoka Koji , Makishima Shingo , Kishida Kazuya
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the electrical loss of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor driven by the pulse‐width modulation (PWM) inverter with various carrier frequencies quantitatively.

Design/methodology/approach

An IPM motor driven by the PWM inverter was simulated using the three‐dimensional finite‐element method while changing various carrier frequencies of the PWM inverter. The calculated results are compared with the calculated results differing the number of permanent magnet division.

Findings

The eddy current loss in the permanent magnets decreases as the carrier frequency increases. In the case of low‐carrier frequency, the eddy current loss greatly decreases as the number of permanent magnet division increases. However, the effect of the eddy current loss decreases by the number of permanent magnet division as the carrier frequency increases.

Originality/value

The paper describes the electrical loss of an IPM motor driven by the PWM inverter with various carrier frequencies.
Automated radial vibrations reduction for switched reluctance machines
Authors: Lecointe J.‐Ph. , Pusca R. , Cassoret B. , Brudny J.‐F.
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to suggest a procedure which makes it possible to reduce the radial vibrations of doubly salient switched reluctance motors (SRMs).

Design/methodology/approach

An analytical method for the SRM radial vibration determination is first described. It is then extended to the active vibration reduction. An auxiliary winding equips the stator. The paper explains how the corresponding currents have to be adjusted to achieve a simple and robust control, with a special emphasis about the compatibility of the main and auxiliary supplies and about the reduction control principle. At last, an example of drastic noise reduction is presented.

Findings

The proposed method makes possible to define the theoretical vibration spectrum of SRM and thus it gives the major components to be reduced. The feasibility of automating the principle of active reduction is shown. The process of active reduction shows that a vibration component can be diminished by over 90 percent.

Research limitations/implications

The active reduction is applied for reducing one component of the vibration spectrum. Future developments will focus on the simultaneous reduction of several components of vibration spectrum.

Originality/value

The method offers an automated process to reduce considerably the component of highest amplitude in the vibration spectrum.
How healthy is the annual health check?
Authors: Cole Jennifer , Radnor Zoe
Published: July 2010

Purpose

This paper aims to provide an assessment of organisational implementation of the healthcare standards focusing on the annual health check (AHC) in the UK NHS.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a postal questionnaire a national survey of all acute and specialist NHS Trusts in England was undertaken. The survey yielded a total of 102 responses, which equates to a 59 per cent response rate.

Findings

The findings suggest considerable variation and diversity in the rate of progress individual Trusts made towards implementing the AHC in its first year. However, across many of the organisations surveyed, there was good evidence of some progress towards ensuring that basic operational and strategic components of the framework were in place.

Research limitations/implications

The research appears to reflect the findings of earlier work on the implementation of clinical governance, suggesting that few lessons have been learnt from previous policy initiatives and raising important questions for the future of health care standards.

Practical implications

The findings could be used to support future national health care initiatives by giving an insight into how organisations respond to and manage the process of standards.

Originality/value

This study makes a number of recommendations to facilitate smooth implementation of standards in health care. These include the introduction of a national IT solution; development of regional/national networks; more timely, relevant and consistent national guidance and, the definition of minimum information requirements needed for organisational assurance.
Do we need bigger buckets or better search engines?
Authors: Serewicz Lawrence W.
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the challenges created by unlimited storage in space and time.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper looks at the issue from a practioner's viewpoint and considers it from the philosophical perspective regarding unlimited storage.

Findings

Unlimited storage in terms of space and time can present philosophical and technological problems. The rise of the semantic web search engines will help transform this process, but for most organisations it will be a managerial issue rather than a technological issue.

Research limitations/implications

More work needs to be done into how semantic web will influence records management.

Practical implications

Semantic web is in its infancy, but it has far reaching consequences for records management because it can transform the process.

Social implications

The philosophical issues affect how to understand memory and what the collective memory of a society, as seen through archives, is understood and challenged by unlimited storage in space and time.

Originality/value

Looks at the issue from a philosophical perspective and pushes, the boundaries of the field by looking at the implications of the new developments.
The records‐risk nexus: exploring the relationship between records and risk
Authors: Lemieux Victoria L.
Published: July 2010

Purpose

This paper seeks to explore the nexus between records and risks. It briefly traces different conceptualizations and the historical evolution of risk and risk management and analyzes discourse on risk and the use of risk management in the field of records management and allied disciplines such as archives and information science.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodological approach involves searching for and extracting for analysis references to “risk” in articles from well‐known journals and subjecting the 248 references to a visual analysis.

Findings

The visual analysis reveals 15 distinct, and in some cases conceptually related topics or categories of articles on risk. These are analysed further to create a typology of seven distinct topics of discourse defining the records‐risk nexus in the sampled literature.

Originality/value

This paper contributes an analysis of the literature on records and risk that defines the nexus between the two subjects, presents a typology of discourse on the records‐risk nexus, and demonstrates the use of an innovative methodology (visual analysis) for analysis of large sets of bibliographic data.
The equity and efficiency of the Australian share market with respect to director trading
Authors: Uylangco Katherine , Easton Steve , Faff Robert
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent of directors breaching the reporting requirements of the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) and the Corporations Act in Australia. Further, it seeks to assess whether directors in Australia achieve abnormal returns from trades in their own companies.

Design/methodology/approach

Using an event study approach on an Australian sample, abnormal returns for a range of situations were estimated.

Findings

A total of 13 (seven) per cent of own‐company directors trades do not meet the ASX (Corporations Act) requirement of reporting within five (14) business days. Directors do achieve abnormal returns through trading in shares of their own companies. Ignoring transaction costs, outsiders can achieve abnormal returns by imitating directors' trades. Analysis of returns to directors after they trade but before they announce the trade to the market shows that directors are making small but statistically significant returns that are not available to the market. Analysis of returns to directors subsequent to the ASX reporting requirement up to the day the trade is reported shows that directors are making small but statistically significant returns that should be available to the market.

Research limitations/implications

Future research should investigate the linkages between late reporting by directors and disadvantages to outside shareholders and the implementation of internal policies implemented to mitigate insider trading.

Practical implications

Market participants should remain vigilant regarding the potential for late/non‐reporting of directors' trades.

Originality/value

Uncovering breaches of reporting regulations are particularly important given that directors tend to purchase (sell) shares when the price is low (high), thereby achieving abnormal returns.
Redesign and cost estimation of rapid manufactured plastic parts
Authors: Atzeni Eleonora , Iuliano Luca , Minetola Paolo , Salmi Alessandro
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to highlight how rapid manufacturing (RM) of plastic parts combined with part redesign could have positive repercussion on cost saving.

Design/methodology/approach

Comparison between two different technologies for plastic part production, the traditional injection molding (IM) and the emergent RM, is done with consideration of both the geometric possibilities of RM and the economic aspect. From an extended literature review, the redesign guidelines and the cost model are identified and then applied to a component selected for its shape complexity. It is an assembly that was redesigned for RM purpose, in order to take advantage of additive manufacturing potentialities. The geometric and economic differences between IM and RM are discussed.

Findings

This research evidences that currently in Western Europe RM combined with redesign can be economically convenient and competitive to IM for medium volume production of plastic parts. Consequently, this is a great opportunity to keep the production in Europe instead of moving it overseas.

Research limitations/implications

As regards manufacturing costs, results presented in this study are mainly based on cost estimation provided by Italian companies and it is assumed that the plant is located in Western Europe.

Practical implications

The research assesses the feasibility of making functional and operational plastic parts without the use of traditional manufacturing processes by redesign for RM.

Originality/value

Two different kinds of research papers comparing RM and IM exist in literature: on the one hand, the two techniques are evaluated from the economical point of view, on the other, the part redesign is analyzed. No paper considers the interrelation between redesign and cost estimation. In this work, these aspects are combined to point out that a remarkable cost reduction is obtained when the component shape is modified to exploit RM advantages.
Development of a regenerative pump impeller using rapid manufacturing techniques
Authors: Quail Francis J. , Scanlon Thomas , Strickland Matthew
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a method of rapid prototyping (RP) used in the development of a regenerative pump impeller. RP technology was used to create complex impeller blade profiles for testing as part of a regenerative pump optimisation process. Regenerative pumps are the subject of increased interest in industry.

Design/methodology/approach

Ten modified impeller blade profiles, relative to the standard radial configuration, were evaluated with the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and experimental testing. Prototype impellers were needed for experimental validation of the CFD results. The manufacture of the complex blade profiles using conventional milling techniques is a considerable challenge for skilled machinists.

Findings

The complexity of the modified blade profiles would normally necessitate the use of expensive computer numerically controlled machining with five‐axis capability. With an impeller less than 75 mm in diameter with a maximum blade thickness of 1.3 mm, a rapid manufacturing technique enabled production of complex blade profiles that are dimensionally accurate and structurally robust enough for testing.

Research limitations/implications

As more advanced RP machines become available in the study in the coming months, e.g. selective laser sintering, the strength of the parts particularly for higher speed testing will improve and the amount of post processing operations will reduce.

Practical implications

This technique offers the possibility to produce components of increased complexity whilst ensuring quality, strength, performance and speed of manufacture.

Originality/value

The ability to manufacture complex blade profiles that are robust enough for testing, in a rapid and cost effective manner is proving essential in the overall design optimisation process for the regenerative pump.
A method for performance evaluation of RE/RP systems in dentistry
Authors: Germani Michele , Raffaeli Roberto , Mazzoli Alida
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate a method for comparing the scanning and reproducing accuracy of highly shaped objects like plaster casts used in dentistry.

Design/methodology/approach

Theoretical considerations on errors introduced by the scanning systems and subsequent point clouds data elaboration have led to a method to estimate the accuracy of the whole process. Suitable indices have been chosen and computed at each stage. As a final result, the overall chain, scanning and reproducing systems can be assessed. In order to validate the proposed method casts have been scanned by means of commercial systems and then reproduced by using different rapid prototyping technologies, materials and parameters. Error indices have been computed and reported.

Findings

Since it is not possible to define reliable and meaningful reference models for non‐standard shapes, an absolute accuracy value for the scanning process cannot be stated. Anyway the proposed method, thanks to relative performance indices, allows the comparison of different acquisition systems and the evaluation of the most performing manufacturing chain.

Practical implications

The study provides a method to assess the relative performance between commercial systems both in scanning and reproducing stage.

Originality/value

In literature, some studies on the accuracy of scanning devices have been found but they are based on standard geometrical features. In this paper, the problem of complex shapes in absence of reference model is addressed instead.
Fit and shopping preferences by clothing benefits sought
Authors: Kinley Tammy R.
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to determine whether clothing benefits sought (CBS) affected fit preferences, satisfaction with the fit of ready‐to‐wear, label style preferences, and shopping behaviors of US women.

Design/methodology/approach

Written questionnaires were completed to determine the relationship between the CBS paradigm and the fit and shopping variables examined in the study. A larger study from which these findings are drawn involved behaviors related specifically to pants.

Findings

Responses on questionnaires from 150 women indicated four CBS factors: Fashion Forward, Sexy, Reputation, and Individualist. Study participants who desired Fashion Forward benefits preferred to shop in specialty stores and a tighter fit. Participants who sought Sexy benefits spent the most money on average, for a new pair of pants, preferred a tighter fit, clothing sized by waist dimension, and shopping in specialty stores. Participants who desired Reputation benefits from clothing shopped in specialty stores. Respondents who sought the Individualist benefits were more likely to shop via catalog/internet.

Research limitations/implications

Data were obtained from a convenience sample of women in a metropolitan area of the USA, thus generalization of results is limited.

Practical implications

In an overstored, highly competitive retail environment, the CBS paradigm will be useful in targeting product and product delivery. The findings indicate, however, that women who seek different benefits from their clothing do shop differently.

Originality/value

Results of the study will help one to better define markets according to an intuitively useful psychographic variable for which there has been limited research.
Scenarios for Sudan in 2012: crash or happy take‐off?
Authors: van der Lijn Jaïr
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to portray four scenarios for the future of Sudan in the year 2012. On the basis of these scenarios it aims to draw a number of conclusions on the future of Sudan and the way ahead.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses the Shell methodology for scenario building and is based on five scenario workshops held in Sudan, one in The Netherlands, interviews and literature research. The four scenarios not only intend to provide an overview of what is likely to happen, but also aim to be plausible, challenging and creative.

Findings

The paper finds that the future of Sudan is likely to remain violent and that the most optimistic scenario is also the least likely. It concludes that, although outside mediation and assistance in the organization of elections are needed, the critical difference between a successful and an unsuccessful outcome will to a large extent be determined by whether the South has a stable, cooperative and confident leadership.

Practical implications

The paper provides a number of policy recommendations for the international community to prevent the worst from happening and to be prepared for what may come.

Originality/value

The paper aims to fill the gap in future foresight with regard to Sudan and for this purpose utilized the knowledge among the Sudanese themselves.
Role management in a privacy‐enhanced collaborative environment
Authors: Lorenz Anja , Borcea‐Pfitzmann Katrin
Published: July 2010

Purpose

Facing the dilemma between collaboration and privacy is a continual challenge for users. In this setting, the purpose of this paper is to discuss issues of a highly flexible role management integrated in a privacy‐enhanced collaborative environment (PECE).

Design/methodology/approach

The general framework was provided by former findings of several research projects, i.e. collaborative platform BluES and projects of privacy and identity management PRIME and PrimeLife. The role management concept bases on a literature survey and has been proofed by integration into the privacy‐enhanced environment BluES'n.

Findings

A three‐dimensional role management concept was developed describing users' rights, tasks, and positions. A discussion on how to fulfill privacy requirements yielded that a semi‐automated decision making regarding the use of roles with different identities is reasonable to support users' control of their privacy when interacting with others.

Research limitations/implications

The concept of flexible role management complies with the requirements of PECEs. However, a fully automated approach of rule‐based information disclosure is not possible as such decisions depend on personal and situational aspects.

Practical implications

Using the example of a flexible role management concept, research described in this paper demonstrates that privacy and interaction concerns can be balanced and should be considered in application design processes.

Social implications

Concepts of PECEs allow respecting privacy‐related attitudes and could improve the quality of service consumption.

Originality/value

The paper demonstrates contrasts between collaboration and privacy attitudes and presents solutions for the integration of role management to overcome this initially supposed contradiction.
Intelligent learning agent for collaborative virtual workspace
Authors: Shakshuki Elhadi , Rafey Matin Abdur
Published: July 2010

Purpose

Intelligent agents are becoming an essential part of collaborative virtual environments. The purpose of this paper is to present an architecture of a learning agent that is able to utilize machine learning techniques to monitor the user's actions.

Design/methodology/approach

A learning agent is developed and integrated into federated collaborative virtual workspace.

Findings

The experimental results showed that the combination of genetic algorithms and reinforcement learning algorithms provides the agent with better learning capability resulting in better predictions for the user.

Originality/value

This paper provides experimental results and a performance analysis in terms of accuracy of predictions, processing time, and memory utilization of the agent.
A new type of “Third Place”?
Authors: Slater Alix , Jung Koo Hee
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the notion of “Third Place” in an arts context by exploring the consumption of two arts venues, Tate Modern and the Southbank Centre (SBC) on the regenerated South Bank in London, UK.

Design/methodology/approach

An interpretative phenomenological approach was taken drawing on 45 qualitative interviews that were conducted in and around Tate Modern and the SBC during Autumn 2009.

Findings

Four audience groups were identified segmented by their motivations, experiences and feelings about the two buildings. The first group “Place to see” visit Tate Modern and the SBC to attend exhibitions and performances. The second meet friends and spend time in the cafes and bars using them as a “Place to hang‐out and meet”. The third group use the buildings as a “Place to drop‐in” on their way to somewhere else. The fourth group use the SBC as a “Third Place”, to study, for meetings, to read, escape and rejuvenate.

Research limitations/implications

This was an exploratory paper. Further research is required to test the findings in other art museums, arts venues, libraries, parks and other public and private spaces within communities.

Originality/value

The paper fills a gap by drawing on the “Third Place” literature to explore the consumption of art museums and venues. It provides us with a better understanding of the meanings these public buildings have to individuals, the way they are used by the public and how arts managers might attract new audiences from their communities. It also provides insights for planners and town centre managers as to the types of places individuals are seeking during their daily lives.
Federation Square – a place for the people
Authors: Brennan Kate
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the management and development of Federation Square, one of Melbourne's most important public spaces.

Design/methodology/approach

A descriptive approach was taken which looks at the strategic management that has guided the evolution of Federation Square from initial inception to its realisation as a key public space in Melbourne.

Findings

Federation Square has become a place for residents and visitors alike. It is now a place where community gathers, and enormous attention is given to staying in touch with the sentiment of the community. This has been achieved through effective strategic management, which has encouraged the community to play the part of creative leaders through the use of a number of key tactics.

Originality/value

Federation Square has become a successful place thanks to the involvement of the community – the management of the square presents a model which other similar schemes could replicate/take pointers from.
“Shotgun partnership”: a Systems‐Centered™ case study analysis
Authors: Farrier Alan , Davis Rowena , Froggett Lynn , Poursanidou Konstantina
Published: July 2010

Purpose

This case study aims to explore the relationship between identity and locality in two groups of young people from different environments working with a community artist to explore representations and perceptions about their environment, culminating in an exchange visit. The paper seeks to explore the challenges and complexities of partnership working in community regeneration in order to move beyond prevalent idealised views of partnership as a policy tool.

Design/methodology/approach

The multi‐method qualitative evaluation included filming, direct observations of project sessions and interviews with key professionals. A systems analysis was then conducted using the Systems‐Centered® Training framework.

Findings

The extent to which multi‐agency partnerships in community regeneration are likely to be effective and sustainable is related to the development of the partnership systems. Shared goals, clear roles and a common understanding of the context of the collaborative work are critical for developing multi‐agency systems.

Practical implications

The paper highlights the complex issues that need to be addressed when working with young people on issues of identity and territory. It also presents a systems viewpoint on partnership that has wider policy and practice implications for multi‐agency partnerships.

Originality/value

Drawing on a systems‐centered perspective, the paper expands the conceptual understanding of multi‐agency partnerships to seeing such partnerships as dynamic living human systems, which can then be understood in terms of the variables that affect their functioning and effectiveness. This provides a tool for analysis and reflection on partnership that is of value to both academics/researchers and managers/practitioners.
Can international acquisition be an effective way to boost innovation in developing countries?
Authors: Liu Xielin
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of international acquisition activities on performance and its role in innovation build‐up in developing countries.

Design/methodology/approach

A case study was used to understand the deep integration process of acquisition process. The theory behind the study is the relationship of innovation management and merger and acquisition activities.

Findings

Acquiring a company with higher technologies has more risks and it requires the acquiring company to master a fast learning capability. The key to a successful international technology acquisition for a developing country is to leverage technology dynamics and build up a high‐level learning capability to absorb tacit knowledge.

Research limitations/implications

An in‐depth case study was adopted. Further quantitative research may be needed to test our research outcome here.

Practical implications

The case study may provide valuable reference for the companies aiming to catch up via international acquisition in the developing countries.

Originality/value

First, this paper is to enrich literature on acquisition research from a technological perspective. Second, fast learning capability, especially the capability to absorb tacit knowledge, is the key to a successful acquisition when a lagging‐behind company in the developing country wants to catch up a leading one.
The development strategy of electronic commerce in China
Authors: Ma Hui‐min , Meng Cheng‐cheng , Xiao Jun‐yong
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore e‐commerce development strategy from the consumer loyalty perspective in a Chinese context and to examine the impact of some key factors that affect e‐commerce development in China. The policy implications are also presented.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected by the wide surveying of trained MBAs with different professional backgrounds. Confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis were then used to explore whether the “7C” model of consumer loyalty in electronic commerce is acceptable.

Findings

The results show that security and reputation have the most positive impact on consumer loyalty, and playfulness is not significantly related to the potential variable it belongs to. To those enterprises planning to implement e‐business in China, some advice is given; such as increasing the security and reputation of web sites and enhancing communications between buyers and sellers.

Practical implications

The paper gives directions to the e‐commerce enterprises in developing countries about how to improve consumer loyalty and enhance business competence. Online enterprises can build consumer loyalty by improving their web sites and learning about consumers' behaviors to provide customized products and services. The specific policy measures in China are suggested.

Originality/value

While it is known that consumer loyalty is critical to online enterprises' success, little is known about how to build and improve e‐loyalty in the emerging markets. This paper tries to bridge this gap by examining what affects e‐loyalty, to help better understand consumer loyalty in the emerging markets like China.
The impact of technological innovation capabilities on innovation performance
Authors: Lau Antonio K.W. , Yam Richard C.M. , Tang Esther P.Y.
Published: July 2010

Purpose

Recent studies have advocated the impact of technological innovation capabilities (TIC) on firms' competitive performances. This paper adopts a study framework of innovation audit to examine the relevance of TIC on the innovation performance of the electronics industry in Hong Kong (HK)/Pearl River Delta region.

Design/methodology/approach

Empirical data were acquired through a recent survey of electronics firms in the region. Pearson correlation and regression analysis were employed to examine the relationship between TIC and innovation performance.

Findings

The results verify that R&D, resource allocation, learning, and strategy planning capabilities can significantly improve the innovation sales. R&D and resource allocation capabilities can also significantly improve new product introduction.

Research limitations/implications

The paper contributes to existing literature by studying the impact of TIC on innovation performance in HK. It also explores two out of seven TIC – R&D and resource allocation capabilities – to improve firms' innovation performance in the region.

Originality/value

This paper is one of very few that provide empirical evidence of the TIC and innovation performance in HK. It also revisits the audit framework proposed by recent innovation studies, which helps theoretical development.
STATISTICAL METHODS IN CERAMIC RESEARCH1
Authors: WESTMAN A. E. R.
Published: July 2010

It is the fundamental object of ceramic research to build up a science of ceramics which will enable us to produce, in the most efficient manner and from a certain group of raw materials, finished products which will have prescribed sets of physical properties. In attempting to reach this objective, it is of importance that we develop new methods of research which are particularly fitted to solve our fundamental problems, and apply, as effectively as possible, the research methods which are now available. These research methods can be divided, on a working basis, into two classes, (1) exact methods in which the relationship existing between any two variables is determined by experiments in which the effects of all the other variables are rendered negligible by careful control of the experimental conditions, (2) statistical methods, which are used when it is impossible or impracticable to obtain such close control of the experimental conditions or when sampling errors are important and it is possible to repeat the experiments many times. It is the purpose of this paper to draw attention to the fact that we, as ceramists, have almost entirely neglected this second group of methods; to give a brief description, with examples, of some of the modern statistical methods, especially those used by the biometrists; and to point out a few of the situations in which these methods could be used to advantage in ceramic research, especially in investigations of refractory materials.
EFFECTS OF COMPOSITION ON THE PROPERTIES OF GROUND COAT ENAMELS FOR SHEET STEEL1
Authors: HARRISON W. N. , WOLFRAM H. G.
Published: July 2010

A series of ground coats was developed about each of three refractory bases, one of which consisted of flint and feldspar in a ratio frequently used commercially, another consisting of feldspar only, and the third of flint only. In each case the refractory portion was 58.5 parts of the whole. Besides the refractory, a “fixed addition” of 11.5 parts, comprised of 0.5 cobalt oxide, 1.0 manganese oxide, 5.0 boric oxide and 5.0 sodium oxide, was used in every enamel, bringing the basic constant portion for each series to 70 parts of the whole. The variable portion in each series was made up of equal parts of three constituents commonly used in enameling, chosen from a total of six in such a way that every possible combination was employed, making a total of twenty enamels in each series. All were given two cover coats of a standard white and tested for resistance to mechanical and thermal shock. In general the ingredients which were most conducive to resistance to the test treatments were flint in the refractory portion, and sodium oxide in the variable portion, constituted of fluxes. Also, boric oxide favorably influenced resistance to mechanical shock in the series containing both flint and feldspar. Resistance to mechanical and thermal shock in ground coats was considerably less affected by variations in expansivity than is the case in cover coats, the influence of that factor appearing to be partially obscured by other factors.
THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT FELDSPARS ON THE “FREEZING” BEHAVIOR OF CONES1
Authors: Orton Edward , Krehbiel J. F.
Published: July 2010

The term “freezing,” in ceramic parlance, means the increased resistance to viscous fusion, which ceramic bodies often show when their heat treatment is interrupted by chilling or the temperature is held static too long and not allowed to progress upward at the usual or proper rate. A body so treated often becomes distinctly more refractory and cannot be softened to viscous fusion without use of a higher temperature than would otherwise have been necessary. In this condition, it is said to be “frozen.” This freezing behavior may occur in the firing of cones as in other ceramic products, and, because of the use to which they are put and their shape which facilitates accurate comparisons, is more serious in its consequences and more easily detected than in other ceramic products.

The present study was undertaken (a) to get some definite quantitative measurements of just what this lag in fusion amounts to under a given set of conditions, (b) to determine whether it is a peculiarity due to some one ingredient or combination of ingredients, or whether it is a generic quality applying to all ceramic mixtures of a given range, and (c) to get any new light that could be had as to the ultimate nature or cause of the phenomenon.

The amount of the lag has been quantitatively determined for cone 10 as furnished by the Germans and our own factory, and the influence of different feldspars and clays in producing this lag has been experimentally studied. Different feldspars are shown to produce characteristic effects. No important light is thrown upon the ultimate cause of the phenomenon.
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF KAOLINITE1
Authors: McVay T. N.
Published: July 2010

Euhedral crystals of kaolinite sere heated to various temperatures, draw trials made at frequent intervals, and the effect of temperature was studied microscopically. The results obtained indicate three classes of kaolinite: (1) the natural kaolinite, (2) the uniaxial form produced at 625°C, the metanacrite of Rinne, and (3) the change of the metanacrite into what is probably mullite and glass at 1450°C.
THE LABOR AND AIR‐POWER COST OF SAND‐BLASTING1
Authors: Stehman Edward H.
Published: July 2010

Efficiency data are given from experience on adjustment of air and sand quantities, size and shape of nozzle, and distance of nozzle from the work. Production data are given on blasting of large ware and barrel cleaning of small ware. The data are shown in curves.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF OILS AND PROBLEMS OF THEIR REMOVAL1
Authors: Guernsey F. H.
Published: July 2010

Tool lubrication in sheet metal working is principally a matter of rapid development of a stable but deformable film. Viscosity is of lesser importance. Structure of the film is more important than thickness. Removal problems involve neutralization, wetting, emulsification, and direct counter colloidal pull to disrupt and disperse the film completely. Free rinsing of detergents and suspensions is necessary.
THE EFFECT OF INCORRECT DIE ADJUSTMENT UPON DRIER AND KILN LOSSES1
Authors: Alt Leslie R.
Published: July 2010

Experiments made to determine the relation of incorrect die regulation to drier and kiln losses which might be attributed to the die, and to determine a method whereby the operator might check the die performance and so regulate the die as to reduce to a minimum the losses due solely to incorrect die adjustment are described and the results discussed.
SOME EXPERIMENTS ON TERRA COTTA SLIPS1
Authors: Hill E. C.
Published: July 2010

A series of experiments on slips for terra cotta, in which variations in composition in relation to their effect on vitrification, crazing, cracking, and color are studied.