AGE AND SEX FEATURES THE INDICATORS OF THE NATURAL NONSPECIFIC RESISTANCE OF GUTSUL BREED HORSES
Authors: Pasaylyuk M. V. , Stefurak I. V. , Stefurak Yu. P. 
Published: November 2018

Horses of Gutsul horse breed are native breed for Gutsul region of Eastern Carpathians. Skilled human using performance-keeping livestock of farm animals influence primarily on to the adaptive and protective properties of the body of farm animals. The study aimed to research the age and sex characteristics of natural resistance of Gutsul breed horses will promote the formation of measures to improve animal productivity, and will promote for all-round understanding of the unique breed postembryonic during ontogeny. The studies aim was to investigate age dynamics of non-specific resistance of the organism Gutsul breed horses of different sexes. The study was conducted during the 2013-2017 years. The blood samples (n = 96) of healthy horses (n = 28) Gutsul breed were analyzed. Material for the study was given from horses that were in proper diet and kept under the same conditions of Pre-Carpathians. The horses age and sex categories were formed as follows: foals 6 months (just weaned), 1 year, 1.5 years; mares and stallions aged 2 and 3 years; mares (blank), horses (before coupling period), geldings aged 6, 9, 12. To study the resistance of animals in whole blood such parameters were determined: protein fractions, amount of total protein of serum of blood, bactericidal activity of serum of blood (BASB), lysocym activity of serum of blood (LASB) index of completed phagocytosis (ICP). Analysis of non-specific resistance of the organism in the classic cluster for these studies (total protein, protein fractions, BASB, LASB, ICP) found that Gutsul breed horses are well adapted to living conditions in the territory Pre-Carpathians in all chosen by our time. The value of the studied parameters depended on the age and sex of the individual from whom the samples. To the onset of puberty horses the content of total protein increased its value. In all age categories the content of total protein was higher in stallions. Later, with age, although the total protein was increasing, but it was not significant when comparing the results for each gender in particular. Protein fractions of Gutsul breed horses recorded that the foals had the highest relative content of albumin, the lowest - γ-globulins. With age, albumin content changed in waves, but the albumin / globulin ratio remained high in the 12-year-old individuals with almost identical values for particles and geldings and mares, but indexes of ratio were significantly higher for stallions. The relative content of γ-globulin fraction of horses of different sexes increased with age, and in mares, starting year and a year and half of age, content γ-globulin was significantly higher than the rates the content of the fractions in the blood stallions appropriate age. Differences of γ-globulin fractions between mares and geldings were statistically unreliable. The dynamics of age changes BASB and LASB set like jump improving of these indicators from 6 months to a year and a year and half old and continue their stabilization occurred at 85-91-89% for BASB and 25-31-27% for LASB to mares, stallions, geldings, respectively. The indexes of ICP were already high at 6 months of age (0,84-0,9 st.un.). The level of adult the indexes of ICP out in the first year of life (for 0,87-0,93-0,89 st.un. for mare-stallions and geldings, according to). Thus, both humoral and cellular resistance performance is not constant. These indexes changed according to physiological status. In stallions, compared with mares, almost all ages favor and ICP indicators were higher. The content of γ-globulins were lower, while in females, respectively, recorded an opposite picture. Most indicators of natural resistance of the organism geldings were lower than stallions, showing the same trend, similar to the body of female horses.