bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk NPK Phonska dan Pupuk Kotoran Sapi Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Riry Johan , Silahooy Charles , Tanasale Vilma L , Makaruku Marlita H
Published: August 2021

Mung bean is one of the leguminous plants that is very important to be developed and is a very popular crop for consumption in Indonesia. The use of inorganic fertilizer mix (NPK Phonska) is useful for increasing the production of this crop, but its continuous use without being balanced with soil improvement efforts can lead to negative effects on the soil and crop production. Thus, it is necessary to study the use of combination of inorganic fertilizers (NPK Phonska) with organic cow manure. This study aimed to determine the effects of doses of NPK Phonska fertilizer and cow dung manure on the growth and yield of mung beans. This study used a Randomized Block Design, with two factors. The first factor was dosage of NPK Phonska fertilizer mix, consisting of four levels i.e.: A0 (control, without provision), A1 (75 kg per ha), A2 (150 kg per ha), and A3 (225 kg per ha); and the second factor was composed of three levels, i.e.: K0 (control, without provision), K1 (15 ton per ha) and K2 (30 ton per ha). The experiment was done with three replications, so that there were 36 experimental units. The results showed that NPK Phonska fertilizer at a dose of 200 kg per ha (A3) and manure at a dose of 30 ton per ha (K2) gave the highest yield for all observation variables compared with other treatments, with a yield level of 1.82 tons per ha.

Keywords:  cow dung, mungbeans, NPK Phonska fertilizer

 

ABSTRAK

Kacang hijau merupakan salah satu tanaman leguminoseae yang sangat penting untuk dikembangkan dan merupakan tanaman yang sangat digemari untuk dikomsumsi di Indonesia. Penggunaan pupuk anorganik (NPK Phonska) berguna untuk meningkatkan produksi tanaman ini, namun penggunaannya secara terus menerus tanpa diimbangi upaya perbaikan tanah dapat menimbulkan efek negatif terhadap tanah dan produksi tanaman. Dengan demikian, perlu kajian penggunaan kombinasi pupuk anorganik (NPK Phonska) dengan pupuk organik kotoran sapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dosis pupuk NPK Phonska dan kotoran sapi terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kacang hijau. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) 2 faktor yaitu faktor pertama pemberian pupuk NPK Phonska yang terdiri dari empat taraf yaitu A0 (Kontrol, tanpa pemberian), A1 (75 kg per ha), A2 (150 kg per ha), dan A3 (225 kg per ha) serta faktor kedua terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu K0 (kontrol, tanpa pemberian), K1 (15 ton per ha) dan K2 (30 ton per ha), dengan 3 ulangan sehingga terdapat 36 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk NPK Phonska dengan dosis 225 kg per ha (A3) dan pupuk kotoran sapi dengan dosis 30 ton per ha (K2) memberikan hasil tertinggi untuk semua pengamatan bila dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya, dengan produksi yang dicapai sebesar 1,62 ton per ha.

Kata kunci: kacang hijau, kotoran sapi, pupuk NPK Phonska
Opini Audit, Financial Distress, Pertumbuhan Perusahaan Klien Dan Pergantian Manajemen Terhadap Auditor Switching
Authors: Tjahjono Mazda , Khairunissa Saskia
Published: August 2021

Isu mengenai independensi auditor menjadi isu utama yang muncul akibat dari lamanya seorang auditor memberi layanan audit kepada klien. Untuk dapat meningkatkan kualitas dan independensi auditor memerlukan adanya rotasi auditor. Rotasi auditor ini terkait dengan aktivitas perusahaan untuk melakukan auditor switching. Auditor switching merupakan pergantian Kantor Akutan Publik (KAP) atau auditor yang dilakukan oleh klien perusahaan.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh opini audit, financial distress, pertumbuhan perusahaan klien, dan pergantian manajemen terhadap auditor switching. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif. Jenis data yang digunakan diperoleh dari www.idx.co.id. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi logistic. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dengan metode purposive sampling.

            Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa opini audit berpengaruh signifikan terhadap auditor switching. sedangkan financial distress, pertumbuhan perusahaan klien, dan pergantian manajemen tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap auditor switching.
Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Alternatif Sebagai Mitigasi Dan Adaptasi Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Tania Intan  , Ismail Nany , Handayani Vincentia Tri
Published: August 2021

Media dan metode belajar merupakan unsur pembelajaran yang dapat memengaruhi motivasi belajar sehingga berdampak pada kualitas hasil pendidikan. Situasi pandemi Covid-19 pada tahun 2020 menyebabkan diberlakukannya kebijakan pembatasan kegiatan belajar mengajar tatap muka dan mendukung pada pembelajaran daring. Realitasnya, kegiatan virtual tidak selalu menyenangkan dan mudah dilakukan, karena lama-kelamaan siswa dan pengajar merasa jenuh dan bahkan kerap mengalami kesulitan teknis dalam memanfaatkan sarana dan teknologi. Tim PPM yang bekerja sama dengan mahasiswa peserta Kuliah Kerja Nyata Universitas Padjadjaran mencoba menemukan solusi permasalahan tersebut. Menyikapi permasalahan yang disampaikan oleh subjek/mitra kegiatan sebagai representasi pengajar dari berbagai tingkatan, tim PPM dan mahasiswa peserta KKN merancang sebuah media pembelajaran yang mudah digunakan dengan tujuan untuk menunjang kegiatan belajar mengajar agar menjadi lebih menyenangkan, interaktif, dan kolaboratif. Metode PPM yang diterapkan adalah sosialisasi pemanfaatan situs web “Virtual Edu Guide”. Selain menambah performa, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan subjek/mitra, indikator keberhasilan yang ditunjukkan program ini adalah jumlah kunjungan pada situs sebanyak 194 kali setelah program berjalan selama lima hari.
Alternatif Strategi Pengelolaan Sampah Berbasis Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Bank Sampah Di Desa Tunjuk, Tabanan
Authors: Luh Gede Mita Laksmi Susanti  , Arsawati Ni Nyoman Juwita
Published: August 2021

Permasalahan sampah merupakan polemik klasik yang tidak berujung dimasyarakat. Permasalahan dalam pengelolaan sampah di Desa Tunjuk, Tabanan cukup berat dimana ksadaran dan kepedulian masyarakat masih kurang terhadap pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga. Masyarakat masih membuang sampah sembarangan dan membakar sampah. Tujuan kegiatan ini yaitu memberikan gagasan pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan alternatif solusi berupa edukasi pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga. Metode yang digunakan yaitu penyuluhan dan penyebaran poster. Penyuluhan mengenai edukasi pengelolaan sampah menggunakan metode SOS (sort out, saved) dengan prinsip 3R (reduce, reuse, dan recycle) dan memahami peran bank sampah. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan penyebaran poster pengelolaan sampah dengan konsep 3R. Hasil pengabdian kepada masyarakat yaitu meningkatkan motivasi warga desa dan merubah pola pikir mereka mengenai kesadaran lebih peduli terhadap lingkungan dan diharapkan untuk segera membuat kesepakatan dengan perangkat desa untuk membentuk bank sampah guna meminimalisir adanya timbulan sampah. Gagasan dibentuk bank sampah sekiranya dapat membantu mengatasi permasalahan sampah rumah tangga di Desa Tunjuk, guna menumbuhkan kesadaran dalam pengelolaan sampah untuk memperoleh manfaat secara langsung, baik secara ekonomi dan kesehatan lingkungan.
РЕШЕНИЕ УРАВНЕНИЯ ТЕПЛОПРОВОДНОСТИ БЕССЕТОЧНЫМ ЧИСЛЕННЫМ МЕТОДОМ СГЛАЖЕННЫХ ЧАСТИЦ
Authors:   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, ИВАНОВ ВАС. С. ,   Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет МИФИ, ИВАНОВ В.С. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук,   Научно-исследовательский институт системных исследований Российской академии наук, ТУХВАТУЛЛИНА Р.Р. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт прикладной математики им. М.В. Келдыша Российской академии наук, ФРОЛОВ С.М. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук,   Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет МИФИ,   Научно-исследовательский институт системных исследований Российской академии наук,   Институт структурной макрокинетики и проблем материаловедения им. А. Г. Мержанова Российской академии наук, БАСАРА Б. ,   AVL LIST GmbH
Published: August 2021

Реализован бессеточный численный метод гидродинамики сглаженных частиц для решения уравнения теплопроводности в телах сложной трехмерной геометрии. Проведено сравнение полученных численных решений тестовых задач с аналитическими и численными решениями с использованием метода контрольных объемов. Проведен расчет установления температурного поля в трехмерной модели охлаждаемой крышки блока цилиндра двигателя внутреннего сгорания (ДВС). Результаты расчетов с использованием бессеточного численного метода и метода контрольных объемов хорошо согласуются между собой. Предложенный метод планируется использовать для решения сопряженных газодинамических и тепловых задач: для решения газодинамической задачи будет использоваться сеточный метод, а для решения тепловой задачи в ограничивающих стенках и в обтекаемых телах - бессеточный численный метод.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТИ К УДАРУ СМЕСЕЙ АММИАЧНОЙ СЕЛИТРЫ С АЛЮМИНИЕМ АСД-4
Authors:   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, ДУБОВИК А.В.
Published: August 2021

Представлены результаты копровых экспериментов с ударом по прессованным зарядам из смесей аммиачной селитры (АС) с алюминием марки АСД-4 во всем диапазоне изменений концентраций компонентов. Обработка данных выполнена по методу критических давлений. Показано,что зависимость инициирующих давлений от содержания металла в смеси имеет характерный минимум вблизи стехиометрического состава, наличие которого свидетельствует о химическом взаимодействии компонентов или продуктов их первичного термораспада в очагах механического разогрева зарядов при ударе. Выполнены расчеты критических давлений инициирования взрыва по двум различным моделям - механизму химического взаимодействия компонентов в системе окислитель-горючее и механизму инициирования вследствие фрикционного разогрева твердых частиц алюминия, вводящих реакцию в окружающее взрывчатое вещество (ВВ). Установлено, что экспериментальные данные удовлетворительно описываются обоими теоретическими подходами, справедливыми каждый в области своей значимости.
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ КРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКОГО СТРОЕНИЯ И ИЗОМЕРИЗАЦИИ БЕНЗОТРИФУРОКСАНА
Authors:   Институт органической химии им. Н.Д. Зелинского Российской академии наук, БАРАБОШКИН Н.М. , НЕСТЕРОВ И.Д. ,   Институт органической химии им. Н.Д. Зелинского Российской академии наук, ПИВИНА Т.С. ,   Институт органической химии им. Н.Д. Зелинского Российской академии наук
Published: August 2021

С использованием методов моделирования кристаллического строения в атом-атомном приближении смоделированы упаковки бензотрифуроксана (БТФ) (C3h) и его изомера (Cs), а также гибридная кристаллическая форма, содержащая одновременно обе молекулы. Результаты моделирования хорошо согласуются с имеющимися экспериментальными данными. Показано, что термодинамически наиболее выгодной является кристаллическая форма с симметрией C3h, далее идет гибридная и наименее выгодная форма изомера с Cs симметрией. Квантово-химическими методами исследованы процессы изомеризации и определена возможность как одно-, так и двустадийного процессов изомеризации.
Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) in Sports: A Review
Authors: Vasilev Veselin , Boyadjiev Nikolay
Published: August 2021

Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are an exciting group of molecules with pronounced anabolic effects and very weak to missing androgenic ones. This is due to the tissue selectivity they possess and is their big advantage over anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS). As a result of this SARMs tend to be a big promise for improving the treatment process in different socially significant diseases such as osteoporosis, muscle wasting, benign prostatic hyperplasia, hypogonadism, sexual dysfunction, neurodegenerative diseases etc. SARMs are included in the prohibited list of World Anti-Doping agency (WADA) as they are a temptation for a lot of athletes regarding the exerted strong anabolic effect. However, as SARMs are freely available on the internet there are some reports for positive doping tests in professional sports connected with them. Still further research is needed to examine all the side effects of SARMs. Some of them may be harmful so both professional and amateur sportsmen, their coaches and doctors should be informed about this interesting topic. Keywords: SARM(s), anabolic effect, sports, doping, side effects
Axioma da metodologia da disciplina de filosofia no ensino médio nas escolas públicas de Salinópolis- PA.
Authors: Santos Silva Elderson
Published: August 2021

Com base no tema em foco, busca-se argumentar, sobre os princípios metodológicos da disciplina filosofia no ensino médio nas escolas públicas do município de Salinópolis – Pará. Neste cenário, destaca-se os seguintes objetivos: desenvolver um diagnóstico exploratório relativo à metodologia empregada no processo de ensino/aprendizagem da disciplina filosofia, no nível médio, na Escola Estadual de Ensino Médio Dr. Miguel de Santa Brigida, sediada no município de Salinópolis – Pará; Desenvolver um resgate histórico da disciplina filosofia no âmbito da rede pública de ensino, no que se refere ao nível médio, a partir da vigência da Lei 4.024/61, até a entrada em vigor da nova LDBE (Lei 9.364/96); Identificar a carga-horária conferida à disciplina Filosofia nas escolas públicas; Argumentar sobre a bibliografia básica, utilizada por professores e alunos no ensino da disciplina Filosofia, nas escolas públicas de ensino médio; Identificar os conteúdos programáticos predominantes nos planos de curso elaborados para a disciplina Filosofia nas escolas públicas; Caracterizar a metodologia de ensino/trabalho aplicada pelo professor da disciplina Filosofia; Argumentar sobre a qualificação/formação dos professores que ministram a disciplina Filosofia nas escolas públicas; Conhecer a recepção da disciplina Filosofia entre os alunos nas escolas públicas. Neste contexto, considerando o que o referencial teórico discute e reflete buscou-se embasamento bibliográfico em produções de autores que discutem assuntos diretamente ligados ao tema.
Continuous speech tracking in bilinguals reflects adaptation to both language and noise
Authors: Zinszer Benjamin D. , Yuan Qiming , Zhang Zhaoqi , Chandrasekaran Bharath , GUO Taomei
Published: August 2021

Listeners regularly comprehend continuous speech despite noisy conditions. Previous studies show that neural tracking of speech degrades under noise, predicts comprehension, and increases for non-native listeners. We test the hypothesis that listeners similarly increase tracking for both L2 and noisy L1 speech, after adjusting for comprehension. Twenty-four Chinese-English bilinguals underwent EEG while listening to one hour of an audiobook, mixed with three levels of noise, in Mandarin and English and answered comprehension questions. We estimated tracking of the speech envelope in EEG for each one-minute segment using the multivariate temporal response function (mTRF). Contrary to our prediction, L2 tracking was significantly lower than L1, while L1 tracking significantly increased with noise maskers without reducing comprehension. However, greater L2 proficiency was positively associated with greater L2 tracking. We discuss how studies of speech envelope tracking using noise and bilingualism might be reconciled through a focus on exerted rather than demanded effort.
The measurement of proprioceptive accuracy. A systematic literature review
Authors: Horváth Áron , Ferentzi Eszter , Schwartz Kristóf , Jacobs Nina , Meyns Pieter , Köteles Ferenc
Published: August 2021

Proprioceptive accuracy refers to the individual’s ability to perceive proprioceptive information, i.e., the information referring to the actual state of the locomotor system, that originates from mechanoreceptors located in various parts of the locomotor system and from tactile receptors of the skin. Proprioceptive accuracy appears an important aspect in the evaluation of sensorimotor functioning; however, no widely accepted standard assessment exists. In this systematic review, our goal was to identify and categorize different methods that are used to assess different aspects of proprioceptive accuracy. A literature search was conducted in five different databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect and SpringerLink). Overall, 1139 articles reporting 1346 methods were included in this review. The methods measure eight different aspects of proprioception, i.e., the perception of joint position, movement, trajectory, velocity and the sense of force, muscle tension, weight and size. They apply various paradigms of psychophysics (i.e. the method of adjustment, constant stimuli and limits). The appropriate measurement method should be chosen based on theoretical considerations or ecological validity.
भारत मे किसान आत्महत्याये
Authors: BAGDE RAKSHIT MADAN
Published: August 2021

Suicidal behavior is a big problem in the world. Farmer suicides remain a huge problem in India today. As a result, the quality of life of the farmers has been adversely affected. The suicidal behavior of farmers has a bad effect on their families, society, and country. According to a survey by The United Nations on Sustainable Development (UNCSD), from 1997 to 2005, one farmer committed suicide every 32 minutes in India. Figures from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) show that there has been a 42% increase in farmer suicides by 2015. 15 farmers were committing suicide every day in the country till 2014, which proves to be a humanitarian point of view. Many studies have studied farmer suicides at various levels and scales, based on the agricultural crisis in India, rising production costs, income shortages, agricultural credit, low productivity, market failure, and family imbalances. Suicide has been studied in which the main cause of farmer's indebtedness has been mentioned. At the national level, this scale is proving to be true. Proof of indebtedness in the causes of farmer suicide in India is 20.6%. Family problems 20.2%, illness 13.2%, and drug use 4.4%. Studies at the state level show that in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh, 57%, 46%, and 375 suicides were due to debt, respectively. Figures from the National Sample Survey Organization show that the condition of 525 farmhouses in India since 2013 is very bad.
Research Funding Bodies Need to Follow Scientific Evidence: Preprints Are Here to Stay
Authors: Lanati Anthony , Pourret Olivier , Jackson Christopher , Besançon Lonni
Published: August 2021

We, the undersigned, write on behalf of a growing number of concerned academics who are dismayed at the recent decision by the Australian Research Council (ARC) to rule a number of grant applications across two hallmark schemes ineligible due to references to preprints. Since preprints play a crucial role in the making and dissemination of new knowledge, we are writing to ask the ARC to reconsider their decision. In short, we call on the ARC to ensure the long-term integrity of the grant system through a range of measures.
Recent Advances in Supercontinuum Generation in Specialty Fiber
Authors: Sylvestre Thibaut
Published: August 2021

The physics and applications of fiber-based supercontinuum (SC) sources have been a subject of intense interest over the last decade, with a significant impact on both basic science and industry. New uses for SC sources are also constantly emerging due to their unique properties that combine high brightness, multi-octave frequency bandwidth, fiber delivery, and single-mode output. The last few years have seen significant research efforts focused on extending the wavelength coverage of SC sources towards the 2 to 20 μm molecular fingerprint mid-infrared (MIR) region and in the ultraviolet (UV) down to 100 nm, while also improving stability, noise, and coherence, output power and polarization properties. Here we review a selection of recent advances in SC generation in a range of specialty optical fibers including fluoride, chalcogenide, telluride, and silicon-core fibers for the MIR; UV-grade silica fibers, liquid-filled and gas-filled hollow-core fibers for the UV range; and all-normal dispersion fibers for ultra-low nose coherent SC generation.
Glutathione as a potent inhibitor against SARS CoV-2 Main protease (Mpro): Molecular docking and dynamics simulations
Authors: Beura Satyajit , Prabhakar Chetti
Published: August 2021

The emergence of a zoonotic pathogen causing disease entitled as novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which keeps rapid spreading and has become a pandemic threat for the entire world. Right now no medications are approved for coronaviral infection, albeit some of the medications have been attempted. Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir and ritonavir are broadly used for the treatment of COVID-19. To study the interactions of glutathione with COVID-19 main protease and spike glycoprotein, computational approaches like molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies are explored. The ligand-receptor interactions of glutathione-Mpro (PDB: 6LU7) and glutathione-spike glycoprotein (PDB: 6VSB) complexes were explored by using molecular docking tools. Further glutathione-Mpro complex was subjected to MD simulation study. MD simulation results shows the protein stability by exploring the RMSD and RMSF of the protein. The MD simulation also shows ligand-protein interactions as well as ligand properties. The present study concludes that glutathione shows better interactions with COVID-19 main protease in comparison to the above mentioned drugs which were used for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2.
Impact of Spiritual intelligence in Leadership: Some Biblical Cases
Authors: Moleka Pitshou Basikabio
Published: August 2021

Spiritual intelligence had an impact on different biblical leaders, and in this text, we see somecases to serve as a sample (Joseph, Bezalel, and Daniel). In the Bible, this impact isdemonstrated in innovations introduced by Joseph in Egypt, Bezalel the manager of the macroproject of building in crisis time, Daniel the politician. It is the supreme intelligence andleaders are invited to make a shift from rationality to spirituality. The more leaders oforganizations will use spiritual intelligence, the more leaders and followers will experiencesatisfaction, joy, accomplishment.
Fire-Generated Tornadic Vortices
Authors: Lareau Neil , Nauslar Nicholas , Bentley Evan , Roberts Matthew , Emmerson Sammuel , Brong Brian , Mehle Matthew , Wallman James
Published: August 2021

Fire-generated tornadic vortices (FGTVs) linked to pyrocumulonimbi (pyroCb) are a potentially deadly, yet poorly understood and seldom observed wildfire hazard. In this study we use radar and satellite observations to examine three FGTV cases during high impact wildfires during the 2020 fire season in California, USA. We establish that these FGTVs each exhibit tornado-strength anticyclonic rotation, with rotational velocity as strong as 30 m s-1 (60 kts), vortex depths of up to 5 km AGL, and pyroCb plume tops as high as 16 km MSL. These data suggest similarities to EF2+ strength tornadoes. Volumetric renderings of vortex and plume morphology reveal two types of vortices: embedded vortices anchored to the fire and residing within high reflectivity convective columns and shedding vortices that detach from the fire and move downstream. Time-averaged radar data further show that each case exhibits fire-generated meso-scale flow perturbations characterized by flow splitting around the fire’s updraft and pronounced flow reversal in the updraft’s lee. All the FGTVs occur during deep-pyroconvection, including pyroCb, suggesting an important role of both fire and cloud processes. The commonalities in plume and vortex morphology provide the basis for a conceptual model describing when, where, and why these FGTVs form.
Laminar Free Convection From a Heated Square Cylinder in Bingham Plastic Fluids
Authors: Rakshith Bairi Levi
Published: August 2021

The free convection phenomenon from a heated square cylinder submerged in Bingham Plastic fluids is numerically investigated. The governing equations are solved for a wide range of physical dimensionless parameters, such as Rayleigh number (10^2 ≤ Ra ≤ 10^5), Prandtl number (10 ≤ Pr ≤ 100) and Bingham number (0 ≤ Bn ≤ 10^7). The heat transfer characteristics are investigated in terms of local Nusselt number distribution over the surface of the cylinder surface average Nusselt number. Streamlines, isothermal contours, yielded and unyielded regions are visualized in detail.
Performance Scrutiny of Domestic Refrigerator Using a Stepped Mini Orifice as A Capillary Tube Extension with Sio2 Nano Lubricant And R-290 Refrigerant
Authors: Rakshith Bairi Levi
Published: August 2021

A stepped short tube orifice has been proposed as a replacement for the expansion mechanism in a residential refrigerator that runs on R-290. The present work is primarily concerned with the impacts of stepped short tube orifices on system characteristics such as net refrigeration effect, compressor effort, pull down time, and coefficient of performance. A stepped short tube orifice is made up of two short tube orifices linked serially and having varying sizes. It is used as an extension to the capillary tube in the refrigeration system. A stepped short tube orifice is built and fitted to a home refrigerator in this experiment. The experiments must be done on a home refrigerator equipped with a stepped short tube orifice, R-290 refrigerant, and a 0.5% weight SiO2 nanoparticle. Following the completion of all trials, the effects of the stepwise short tube orifice on a residential refrigerator were studied using comparison charts. The results indicate that the performance of the home refrigerator with stepped short tube orifice and SiO2 nano particle inclusion was much better than the domestic refrigerator without stepped short tube orifice.
A concert for babies: Attentional, affective, and motor responses in an infant audience
Authors: Kragness Haley Elisabeth , Cirelli Laura
Published: August 2021

Many of our most powerful musical experiences are shared with others, and researchers have increasingly investigated responses to music in group contexts. Though musical performances for infants are growing in popularity, most research on infants’ responses to live music has focused on solitary caregiver-infant pairs. Here, we report infants’ attentional, affective, and motor responses to live music as audience members. Two groups of caregiver-infant (6-18 months) pairs (50 total) watched a short musical performance with two song styles – lullaby and playsong. Caregivers were instructed to watch passively or interactively. The playsong captured more infant attention and, especially in the interactive condition, elicited more infant smiles. Notably, infant attention was more coordinated with their own caregiver than a random caregiver, and infants with no experience attending group musical events in the past were especially attentive to the performance. Infants were more likely to generate movements when parents remained still. Overall, infants’ responses to live musical performance in an audience were influenced by song style, caregiver behavior, and their own musical histories.
巻頭言：新型コロナウイルス感染症と心理学
Authors: Yamada Yuki
Published: August 2021

The Japanese Journal of Psychology published its first special issue on the occasion of the unprecedented crisis caused by COVID-19, and called for submissions. While the result has been a very large number of papers with a great variety accepted for publication, a number of challenges have also emerged. Hopefully, this special issue will be a valuable stepping stone for the next phase of psychology in Japan.
Multivariate visualization: A Taxonomy and novel visualization methods
Authors: O'Kane Tom , Fife Dustin
Published: August 2021

While intuitive visualizations for bivariate analyses are numerous and able to be constructed with relative ease, the same is not true for multivariate analyses. Commonly utilized multivariate visualization strategies are often cognitively taxing for readers and there is little guidance for researchers seeking to decide upon the proper visualization for their analysis. In this paper we seek to rectify these limitations by developing a data analysis taxonomy that allows one to easily identify appropriate visualizations. This taxonomy aims to provide guidance to researchers in their decision-making regarding which multivariate visualization strategy best fits their research question. Our taxonomy classifies research questions into five different categories (zero-order effects, conditioning, moderation, mediation, and clustering), providing example research questions and analyses for each. Throughout, we identify tools appropriate for multivariate visualizations, including ghost lines, added variable plots, and paneling. All these tools are freely available in R through the Flexplot package, as well as in the Visual Modeling module in JASP.
Investigating Adult Age Differences in real-life Empathy, Prosociality, and Well-being using Experience Sampling
Authors: Pollerhoff Lena , Stietz Julia , Depow Gregory John , Inzlicht Michael , Kanske Philipp , Li Shu-Chen , Reiter Andrea M.F.
Published: August 2021

While the importance of social affect and cognition is indisputable throughout the adult lifespan, findings of how empathy and prosociality develop and interact across adulthood are mixed, and real-life data are scarce. Research using ecological momentary assessment recently demonstrated that adults commonly experience empathy in daily life. Furthermore, predictors of empathy were linked to higher prosocial behavior and subjective well-being. However, to date, it is not clear whether there are adult age differences in daily empathy and daily prosociality and whether age moderates the relationship between empathy and prosociality across adulthood. Here we analyzed experience-sampling data collected from participants across the adult lifespan to study age effects on empathy, prosocial behavior, and well-being under real-life circumstances. Linear and quadratic age effects were found for the experience of empathy, with increased empathy across the three younger age groups (18 to 45 years) and a slight decrease in the oldest group (55 years and older). Neither prosocial behavior nor well-being showed significant age-related differences. We discuss these findings with respect to (partially discrepant) results derived from lab-based or traditional survey studies. We conclude that studies linking in-lab experiments with real-life experience-sampling might be a promising venue for future lifespan studies.
General Attitudes Towards Robots Scale (GAToRS): A New Versatile Instrument for Social Surveys
Authors: Koverola Mika , Kunnari Anton , Sundvall Jukka Reima Ilmari , Laakasuo Michael
Published: August 2021

Psychometric scales are useful tools in understanding people’s attitudes towards different aspects of life. As societies develop and new technologies arise, new validated scales are needed. Robots and artificial intelligences of various kinds are about to occupy just about every niche in human society. Several tools to measure fears and anxieties about robots do exist, but there is a definite lack of tools to measure hopes and expectations for these new technologies. Here, we cre-ate and validate a novel multi-dimensional scale which measures people’s attitudes towards ro-bots, giving equal weight to positive and negative attitudes. Our scale reliably differentiated a) comfort and enjoyment around robots, b) discomfort and anxiety around robots, c) rational hopes about robots in general and d) rational worries about robots in general. In addition to its psycho-metric qualities our scale is compact (only 20 items), aesthetically pleasing (5 items in each of the four sub-scales) and produces reliably the same factor structure in different samples. In contrast to previous tools our new instrument also allows large-scale population based and intercultural re-search without context dependency. Due to its easy-to-use nature, we hope our scale will be a use-ful instrument for social scientists who wish to study human-technology relations with a validated scale in efficient and generalizable ways.
A STUDY ON NATIVE-LIKE PRONUNCIATION MATTERS ENCOUNTERED BY THIRD-YEAR ENGLISH MAJORS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF FOOD INDUSTRY IN HO CHI MINH CITY
Authors: Nguyễn Nhi Huỳnh
Published: August 2021

A study of challenges with native-like pronunciation encountered by third-year English majors at HUFI based on theory, previous study results, and the situation of English learning of students specializing in English at HUFI. Pronunciation is an important part of the speech process. Pronunciation should be worked on right from the start of language instruction. Pronunciation aids in the understanding of most information transmitted when communicating with students in English when learning and practicing language skills such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Practice is the most important factor in achieving proficiency and fluency. The production and reception of sounds used in speech are referred to as pronunciation. This study is a hybrid of qualitative and quantitative methods. According to a 2021 survey of 50 university students, students understand the importance of English communication skills in general and English pronunciation in particular. However, this does not reflect the reality of student learning. Furthermore, empirical research shows that audiovisual tools, the use of a problem-solving strategy for improving pronunciation, and the method for improving pronunciation in a voice control system are the most effective and widely used methods for improving pronunciation.
Under- or overexpansion of education? Trends in qualification mismatch in the United Kingdom and Germany, 1984-2017
Authors: Wiedner Jonas
Published: August 2021

Prominent theoretical positions in sociology and labor economics disagree whether educational expansion has outstripped the demand for qualified labor (overexpansion), or whether economies face a skill shortage despite increases in education (underexpan-sion). Focusing on the United Kingdom and West Germany, two countries with dissimilar skill formation institutions, patterns of expansion, and labor markets, this paper asks to what degree expansion of education has been absorbed. I point out shortcomings of wage-centered analyses and develop an approach that focuses on trends in self-assessed over- and underqualification. Results show overexpansion in the United Kingdom and a partial underexpansion of education in West-Germany.
ARTificial intelligence raters: Neural networks for rating pictorial expression
Authors: Gengenbach Thomas , Schoch Kerstin
Published: August 2021

Previous studies on classification of fine art show that features of paintings can be captured and categorized using machine learning approaches. This progress can also benefit art psychology by facilitating data collection on artworks without the need to recruit experts as raters. In this study a machine learning approach is used to predict the ratings of RizbA, a Rating instrument for two-dimensional pictorial works. Based on a pre-trained model, the algorithm was fine-tuned via transfer learning on 886 pictorial works by contemporary professional artists and non-professionals. As quality criterion, artificial intelligence raters (ART) are compared with generic raters (GR) created from the real human expert raters, using error rate and mean squared error (MSE). ART ratings have been found to have the same error range as randomly chosen human ratings. Therefore, they can be seen as equivalent to real human expert raters for almost all items in RizbA. Further training with more data will close the gap to the human raters on all items.
Cost-effectiveness of obeticholic acid for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: An early economic evaluation
Authors: Tran Chanh-Phong , Kim John J , Feld Jordan J , Wong William WL
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Currently, there are no pharmacological options available for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In the 18-month interim analysis of an ongoing randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial (REGENERATE), early results demonstrated that obeticholic acid (OCA) 25 mg significantly improved fibrosis with no worsening of NASH among patients with NASH and fibrosis compared with placebo (PBO). This study aimed to assess the potential cost-effectiveness of OCA compared with PBO in NASH patients. METHODS: A state-transition model was developed to perform a cost-utility analysis comparing two treatment strategies, PBO and OCA 25 mg, from a Canadian public payer perspective. The model time horizon was lifetime with annual cycle lengths. Cost and utility parameters were discounted at 1.5% annually. The efficacy data were obtained from the REGENERATE trial, and costs and utilities were derived from other published literature. Probabilistic and deterministic sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the model. RESULTS: Treatment with OCA led to reductions of 3.58% in decompensated cirrhosis cases, 3.95% in hepatocellular carcinoma, 7.88% in liver transplant, and 6.01% in liver-related death. However, at an annual price of CAD $36,000, OCA failed to be cost-effective compared with PBO at an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $815,514 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). An 88% reduction in drug price to an annual cost of $4,300 would make OCA cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000/QALY. CONCLUSIONS: OCA failed to be cost-effective compared with PBO, despite demonstrating clinical benefits due to a high drug cost. A significant price reduction would be needed to make the drug cost-effective.
Silence Can Be Golden: The Benefits That Confidentiality Clauses Can Bring Survivors Seeking Settlement
Authors: Bernardi Nico
Published: August 2021

Pervasive sexual harassment is a wicked problem rooted in the systemic exploitation of power. October 2017 marks the beginning of increased visibility to this wicked problem. In response, some US states have adopted blanket prohibitions on confidentiality clauses in matters relating to sexual harassment and abuse. In this article, I urge British Columbia’s legislators to be wary of following suit for many reasons. These reasons include the freedom to contract, access to justice, and concerns that any advantages associated with blanket prohibitions selectively benefit white, heterosexual, middle-class women over queer, trans, Indigenous, disabled, and youth communities. I argue that existing legal tools already prevent the misuse or abuse of confidentiality clauses as well as offer recourse if parties have entered into an agreement with unjust provisions. Fundamentally, confidentiality clauses do not achieve the very thing to which they purport: they do not eliminate sexual harassment.
A patient-informed qualitative evaluation of an online chronic pain treatment for military, police and Veterans
Authors: Libbrecht Adair , Paluszek Michelle , Romaniuk Alyssa , Holens Pamela L.
Published: August 2021

LAY SUMMARY

In this study, members and Veterans of the Canadian Armed Forces were asked about their experiences with an online chronic pain treatment that had been specifically tailored to this population, as well as to members of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. The purpose was to learn what participants in the treatment program liked and disliked about the program itself and the changes they would suggest to improve the program. The authors learned that despite the effort to tailor the treatment to this population, the voices of actual members of the population needed to be heard to truly tailor the program to their needs. The study provides insight into ways to refine the program to better match the unique characteristics of this population, their special connection to each other, and their individual differences. A revised version of the chronic pain program is being developed based on this feedback.
Literature Review: Synthesis Methods of NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles for Aqueous Battery Applications
Authors:   Department of Chemical Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi no. 229, Bandung 40154, Jawa Barat, Indonesia, Haq Fatih Izzul , Zein Muhammad Aldin Nur , Gabriella Rachel , Putri Silmi Ridwan , Nandiyanto Asep Bayu Dani , Kurniawan Tedi ,   Engineering Technology Departement, Community College of Qatar, Qatar
Published: August 2021

Today, the application of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles is increasing in the field of technology that is in great demand, thereby increasing the demand for industrial production. The use of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles can be applied in various technologies, including aqueous batteries. Therefore, an effective method for industrial production is needed. This paper aims to discuss and compare a more efficient method in the synthesis of NiFe2O4. The research method used is a literature review of 62 papers. There are several NiFe2O4 synthesis methods, namely Coprecipitation, Citrate Precursor Technique, Mechanical Alloying, Hydrothermal, Sonochemistry, Reverse Micelle, Sol-Gel, and Pulsed Wire Discharge. The results show that the effective synthesis method of NiFe2O4 is Hydrothermal. This is because the hydrothermal method is economically feasible, environmentally friendly, and has no requirement of high temperatures in the calcination process to produce the final product. The nanoparticle size is around 29.39 nm. This paper is expected to assist in selecting the synthesis method of NiFe2O4.
Study of Activated Waters Indication Methods in the Course of Subject «Water Chemistry»
Authors: Birzul' Aleksei Nikolaevich
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the current state of the issue about identifying changes in water as a result of various physical influences. The paper provides a classification of indication methods, analyzes their main advantages and disadvantages, discusses the most commonly used indicators, and assesses the prospects of their further usage for water quality control. The necessary information for lecturing and practical trainings on the water chemistry is given.
Basic Approaches to Ethnographic Film Usage as a Method of Developing of Ethnocultural Competence of Future Journalists
Authors: Doroschuk Elena Sergeevna
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the features of the application of the methodology of visual education based on the use of ethnographic films in the organization of independent work of future journalists. On the basis of emic and ethical approaches, the main functions of ethnographic cinema are identified and described in the light of creating an image of ethnoculture in the process of training future journalists. The principles of representation of ethnoculture in the media sphere are considered, on the basis of which the ethnological motivation of future journalists is formed as the basis of ethnocultural competence.
Analisis Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Bantuan Program Keluarga Harapan
Authors: Anwar Faizal , Untari Nanik
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of the Family Hope Program Assistance Policy and to want to know what factors hindered the implementation of the Family Hope Program (PKH) in Mesigit Village. The method in this research uses qualitative research. The results showed that the implementation of the Family Hope Program policy has gone well, but that has become an obstacle in the implementation of the Hope Family Program coordinating PKH facilitators to the village government. The conclusion of this research is that the implementation of the Family Hope Program (PKH) has been going well because it has four indicators of policy implementation such as: communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure. While the inhibiting factors are the awareness and interest of the community about PKH, telecommunications network facilities and the absence of meeting activities, there is no coordination from PKH facilitators. 

Keywords: Policy, Poverty, Program.
KELAYAKAN LKPD FISIKA BERBASIS PROBLEM SOLVING DALAM MENGUKUR KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI FLUIDA STATIS
Authors: Kalsum Ummu , M Musdar , Putri Awalia Wahyuni
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan media pembelajaran berupa LKPD Fisika berbasis Problem Solving yang layak digunakan dalam mengukur kemampuan berpikir kreatif peserta didik khususnya pada materi Fluida Statis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian R & D dengan desain penelitian mengacu pada 4-D yang dimodifikasi menjadi 3-D terdiri dengan tahapan: define, design, serta develop. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data penelitian meliputi lembar validasi, angket respon peserta didik, angket respon guru. Pengujian LKPD Fisika dilakukan kepada 20 peserta didik kelas XI MIPA 3 SMAN. 1 Majene. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) LKPD Fisika berbasis problem solving telah memenuhi kriteria sangat valid berdasarkan hasil validasi para ahli (2) LKPD berbasis problem solving berada pada kategori sangat praktis berdasarkan hasil pengisian angket respon peserta didik dan respon guru (3) LKPD berbasis problem solving cukup efektif digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan berpikir kreatif peserta didik dengan rata-rata perolehan sebesar 67 yang berada pada kategori cukup kreatif.
The Inter-American Court of Human Rights Advisory Opinion OC-23/17 on the Relationship between Human Rights and the Environment
Authors: Siwior Przemysław
Published: August 2021

On 15 November 2017, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights issued an advisory opinion OC-23/17 on the relationship between human rights and the environment. The opinion responded to a request made by Colombia pursuant to Article 64(1) of the American Convention on Human Rights regarding extraterritorial jurisdiction of state parties to the Convention resulting from mega-infrastructure projects in the Greater Caribbean region.

The purpose of this article is to discuss the general issues dealt with by the Court, concentrating on the significance of this Advisory Opinion for international law. The opinion contains two main interesting aspects. First, in the light of the opinion, states are responsible for the environmental damage they cause, regardless of whether it occurs within their borders or beyond them. Second, the Advisory Opinion recognizes that the right to a healthy environment is an autonomous, fundamental human right that shall be protected.
The Right to be Forgotten: Emerging Legal Issues
Authors: Kiriiak Oksana Vasylivna
Published: August 2021

This paper contextualizes and analyzes the main emerging approaches to the understanding of the right to be forgotten and its application in praxis, using legislation and judicial practice of the European Union and Ukraine as reference scales. By bridging the gap between positive and interpretative orders of law implementation, which were previously imperatively opposed and considered mutually exclusive in the Ukrainian legal system, the paper supports the arguments that the process of mastering the protection of right to be forgotten requires a further mindset shift equally for-Internet providers and all involved law enforcers.
Legal Basis for Introducing Restrictions on Human Rights and Freedoms during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dobrzeniecki Karol , Przywora Bogusław
Published: August 2021

In this article, we attempt to present the legal grounds for introducing restrictions on human rights during the COVID-19 pandemic from a comparative legal perspective. We refer to the findings of a research project completed in 2020, trying to synthesize them and confront them with existing theoretical models. We strive to capture general patterns in the legal basis for states’ actions in response to global threats such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Comparative legal research contributes to the creation of universal solutions, which, taking into account the specificity of the system, can then be applied in local conditions.