bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In-vitro Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Melaleuca cajaputi Flower Extracts
Authors: Musa Isah , Wan-Nor-Amilah Wan Abdul Wahab , Abdullah Hasmah , Sul’ain Mohd Dasuki , Jamil Shajarahtunnur , Wan Ishak Wan Rosli
Published: November 2022

The spread of drug-resistant pathogens worldwide has spurred experts' interest in drug discovery. Medicinal plants are an essential source of antimicrobial agents to cure various human ailments. Even though several plants have been examined for antimicrobial compounds, the search for better and safer drugs to combat microbial resistance continues. The leaves and essential oils of Melaleuca cajuputi have been the subject of many investigations on the plant's bioactivity. Even though flowers from various plants are medicinally useful, there have been few studies on the antibacterial properties of M. cajuputi flower extracts. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of M. cajuputi flower extracts against some pathogenic bacteria and phytochemical screening of the most potent extract.

cajuputi flower aqueous and ethanolic extracts were obtained by cold maceration, then reconstituted in 10% DMSO. The antibacterial study was carried out using broth microdilution assay to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Phytochemical screening of the most potent extract was performed using UV-Visible spectrophotometry (UV-VIS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.

The percentage yields of the flower extracts in aqueous and ethanol were 11.02% and 8.8%, respectively. Both extracts were found to have bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (MBC/MIC ratio of less than 4). Ethanol extract demonstrated the lowest MIC and MBC values (Table 1) against all the tested bacterial species except for the E. coli with MIC >4 mg/mL. The UV-Visible spectrum of ethanol extract showed peaks at 368, 412, 535, 606, and 665 nm and respective absorbances of 2.510, 2.902, 0.429, 0.324, and 1.095 Au, which indicated the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds [1]. The FTIR spectra detected the presence of alcohols, hydrocarbons, conjugated aldehyde, phenol, sulfoxide, nitro, and halo compounds in M. cajuputi flower ethanolic extract.

In conclusion, the flower extracts of M. cajuputi have antibacterial properties, and their potential biological activities should be further investigated in future studies.
The Rampancy of Multiple- Drug Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Surface Water of Satow Waterfall, Bau Sarawak
Authors: Mohammad Hamdi Khairunnisa , Lihan Samuel
Published: November 2022

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is universally acknowledged as a serious threat to human health, well-being, and prosperity. Many therapeutically important antibiotic resistance genes are thought to have arisen in the environment. Antibiotics are no longer effective in treating infections caused by multi-and pan-resistant bacteria (dubbed "superbugs") that have spread rapidly around the world [1]. Furthermore, AMR bacteria and antimicrobial resistant genes can thrive and proliferate in natural waterbodies because they can act as both recipients and natural reservoirs for the bacteria and genes. Toxic exposure to AMR bacteria and ARGs puts recreationists in danger, reducing their ability to combat illnesses.

 

Considering Satow Waterfall, Bau is a renowned water-based recreational destination, an assessment of their physiochemical water quality characteristics and the prevalence of AMR bacteria was conducted to corroborate the safety of the water. A total of nine water samples were collected at the surface water (0–30 cm depth) of the upstream, midstream, and downstream. The water quality index (WQI) of the sampling stations ranged from 92.60 to 95, classifying the water under Class I. However, the water is microbiologically polluted. During Trip 2, the highest level of coliform was found in the middle stream at 2.59x105 cfu/mL, which is above the regulatory standard set by the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE).

 

A total of 100 isolated bacteria were subjected to (GTG)5- genomic fingerprinting analysis to evaluate the degree of genetic similarity among the samples and thus enable the selection of appropriate clonal representatives. Fifty-four bacterial isolates were chosen as representatives and identified by 16SrDNA sequencing, which confirmed the existence of 21 bacterial genera as shown in Figure 1. All identified isolates were tested against 15 antibiotics of various classes, namely, streptomycin (S), Kanamycin (K), cefotaxime (CTX), cephalothin (KF), tetracycline (TE), doxycycline (DO), carbenicillin (CAR), sulfamethoxazole (SXT), ofloxacin (OFX), levofloxacin (LEV), erythromycin (E), meropenem (MEM), ertapenem (ETP), vancomycin (VA) and chloramphenicol (C) employing the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) protocols.

 

The antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) demonstrated substantial resistance to SXT (41%), E (41%) and CAR (39%), as well as high susceptibility to C (85%), followed by LEV (78%) and OFX (72%). The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) evaluation demonstrated the MARI varied from 0–0.60, with 33% of the isolates having a MARI greater than 0.20 (Figure 1). 

In this study, we found that the occurrence of MAR bacteria in water environment where there's an undisclosed source of antibiotic utilisation is still inevitable, highlighting the necessity to constantly monitor the water quality and the pervasiveness of MAR bacteria in recreational water.
The Relationship between Dietary Intake and Cognitive Performance Before and During Ramadan Fasting among Healthy Adult Population in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu
Authors: Tuan Omar Tuan Norlis Dalisa , Che Taha Che Suhaili
Published: November 2022

Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, during which healthy adolescents and adult Muslims fast from dawn to dusk for a month. During Ramadan fasting, dietary intake and cognitive performance changes can be seen related to many factors. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the comparison between dietary intake and cognitive performance among healthy adult populations in Kuala Nerus before and during Ramadan fasting and the possible correlation between these parameters.

 

This study was conducted among a healthy adult population in Kuala Terengganu and mainly at University Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA). Socio-demographics data, dietary data, and cognitive assessment were measured. Energy and macronutrient intakes were measured by using a three-day food record while cognitive performance was measured by using Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) and Trail-Making Test (TMT) through a face-to- face activity-based survey. All the measurements were taken in the two-time interval which is before Ramadan fasting (one to two weeks prior to Ramadan month) and during Ramadan fasting (week two to four of Ramadan Month)

 

A total of 113 participants with a mean age of 23.1 ± 4.9 years old were recruited in this cross-sectional study consisting of 23 males (20.4%) and 90 females (79.6%). The majority of the participants were Malay (97.3%), and still single (92.9%). Most of the participants also still pursuing their degrees (92%) and has no income (92%). Almost all of the participants were non-smokers (99.1%).

 

The dietary data shows that the energy intake was significantly reduced during Ramadan by 293.8 kcal compared to before Ramadan (p<0.001). Regarding macronutrients, a significant reduction in carbohydrates, protein, and fat was reported, p=0.003, p=0.011, and p<0.001 respectively. Next, the results of cognitive performances varied according to Stroop congruent and incongruent test; and Trail Making Test A and B. Stroop Congruent Test (word test) showed that the reaction time was significantly higher before Ramadan compared to during Ramadan (p<0.001), meanwhile the reaction time for Trail-making Test A and B showed that there were significantly lower before Ramadan compared to during Ramadan (p<0.001). But there were no significant differences in others' tests. In addition, the result for correlation showed that the reaction time for Trail Making B was significantly negatively correlated with energy intake (p=0.002) and protein intake (p=0.007) while positively correlated with fat intake (p=0.004).

In conclusion, according to the results, most participants reported a decrease in their dietary intake during Ramadan, similar to what was observed in cognitive performance, with most participants reporting a slower reaction time during Ramadan. Hence, the consumption of sufficient energy is critical for good cognitive performance because diet can influence cognitive abilities.
The Assessment of Vitamin D Dietary Intake and its Associations with Attitude among Pregnant Mothers in Malaysia
Authors: Zulkifli Ernurfarhanis Syahira , Che Taha Che Suhaili
Published: November 2022

Vitamin D had many benefits to human body, deficiency of it can cause many adverse effect to health including gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, preterm birth and small for gestational age infants [1]. High intake from food sources consists of vitamin D and supplementation brought positive effect to pregnant mothers, especially when begin a proper intake during early pregnancy. Sunlight exposure, food sources and supplement intake were the three main sources of vitamin D [2]. Despite of abundance sunlight available throughout the year, vitamin D deficiency (VDD) was prevalent in Malaysia particularly among pregnant mothers. Pregnant women were at risk of VDD due to their increased vitamin D needs, poor dietary vitamin D intake, and lack of sun exposure [3]. Pregnancy was a phase of life when VDD was widespread hence making it as a major concern for pregnant and lactating women [4]. Thus, this cross-sectional study aimed to determine the association between intake of vitamin D and attitude level among pregnant mothers in Malaysia.

 

Out of 233 participants from sample size, a total of 200 participants logged onto the online questionnaire, completed the form given with full information on sociodemographic characteristics. 200 of the participants were incorporated into the final data analysis giving the response rate 86%. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic data. Applying the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) [2], vitamin D intakes were calculated, and attitude was assessed using customised, validated questionnaires [5,6]. The findings indicated that in Malaysia, the majority of expectant mothers (80.5%) did not meet the RNI 2017 standard. Majority of participants were Malay (93%) followed by Chinese (4%), Indian (2%) and others (1%) and most of them obtained university/college education (80.5%) with moderate monthly income (RM 4,851 - RM 10,970) participated in this study.

The mean dietary intake of vitamin D among pregnant mothers was 10.41 + 4.52 µg/day but did not achieve the RNI recommendation of (15µg/day). The major contributor to vitamin D intake was from fish and fish products followed by milk and milk products, eggs, others, beverages, cereal and cereal products and meat and meat products.  The findings showed there was a moderate attitude level towards vitamin D among pregnant mothers in Malaysia with the average score of 74%. Of all the participants, 23.5% revealed a good attitude level towards vitamin D. The results clearly demonstrate there was no association between dietary intake of vitamin D with attitude level (p = 0.241).

 

This present study found that majority of Malaysian pregnant women has not achieved their vitamin D requirement during pregnancy. According to the study, there was no association between intake of vitamin D and pregnant mothers’ attitudes, but future research should concentrate on methods to avoid VDD in expectant mothers.
The Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Young Adults in Terengganu: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sivam Sivabharathi , Harith Sakinah
Published: November 2022

Overweight and obesity are becoming increasingly prevalent in both industrialized and developing countries across the world [1]. Globally, over 1.9 billion adults aged 18 and above were overweight. Over 650 million of them seem to be obese in where 39% of people aged 18 and above were overweight, with 13% being obese (WHO,2019). Meanwhile, the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) revealed that the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Malaysians aged 18 and older was 50.1 % in 2019 [2]. The BMI classifications of overweight and obesity are as shown: ≥25.0 kg/  as overweight; 25.0 to 29.2 kg/  as pre-obese; 30.0 to 34.9 kg/  as obesity class I; 35.0 to 39.9 kg/  as obesity class II; and ≥40.0 kg/  as obesity class III [3].

 

The objective of this cross-sectional study is to investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults in Terengganu. A total of 153 individuals aged 18–40 years old from Terengganu were involved in this study and the data were collected using pre-tested self-administered questionnaire from NHMS 2014. The survey was conducted online where all the answers was self-reported. The nutritional status of the participants was assessed using anthropometry measurements by self-measured height (cm) and weight (kg). The measurement was done by using their own measuring scales.

The respondents (mean age 22.2 ± 5.4 years) were predominantly female (76.5%), Malay (51.0%) and single (94.8%). Most of the participants are from B40 category (64.7%)  where their monthly household income is less than RM 4,850. Meanwhile, most of the participants were staying in their own house (57.5%) and the other participants were staying at rental house (17.0%) and hostel (25.5%). The mean body weight and height of the participants were 59.4 kg and 160.0 cm respectively. The mean BMI of the participants is 23.0 kg/  which is normal range. The participants were overweight (7.8% of male and 13.1% of female), and obesity was 3.3% among males and 4.6% among females. 

Similarly, in 2017–2018, the prevalence of severe obesity among adults in the United States (US) was 9.2 %, with women having a greater prevalence (11.5%) than men (6.9% ). Participants aged 40–59 years old (11.5%) had the highest frequency of severe obesity. Moreover, obesity is prevalent in France, according to a few studies, with figures ranging from 15 to 17.2% of adults [4].

 

Obesity is a prominent health concern for a range of diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, some malignancies, and decreased life expectancy and death [5]. Hence, the rise in obesity in Malaysia highlights the necessity of public programs aimed at preventing obesity in adults and promoting healthy behaviours in Malaysian population.
Potential Pathogenic Bacteria in Loose Oil Palm Fruit (LOPF) from Smallholdings in Serian, Sarawak
Authors: Nubun Casey Anak , Lihan Samuel
Published: November 2022

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is a species of palm tree cultivated mainly for its oil. Malaysia is the second largest producer of oil palm behind Indonesia. During the harvesting of oil palm fruit bunch, some over ripped fruits will get detached from the fruit bunch and these loose fruits will be contaminated with bacteria from the soil. Collecting the loose fruits from the ground is normally done manually by hand and this may allow the transmission of bacteria from the soil to the workers.

 

According to Table 1, this study reported on the microbial contents of the oil palm loose fruits collected from three different locations of smallholding oil palm in Serian Sarawak, Malaysia. The result shows that F3S3 at Kampung Raeh Baru has the highest number of colonies, 20.4 x 105 CFU mL-1, while the lowest number of colonies was at F2S1, which was at Kampung Beradau, Siburan, with 2.4 x 105 CFU mL-1.

This study was aimed to isolate and identify bacteria on the loose oil palm fruits (LOPF) and determine the microbial quality which may affect the safety and health of the farm workers. Loose oil palm fruits were collected from the ground of three smallholder farms located in Serian, Sarawak. The fruit were weighted and stomached with peptone water in stomacher bags and plated on Nutrient agar. The 16S rRNA PCR was carried out for the bacterial growing on the plate. The purified DNA product was sent to Apical Scientific Sdn. Bhd. for DNA sequencing. The sequences obtained were directly compared with the sequences in the Genbank through the Blastn server. The result obtained shows in Table 2 that 15 different bacterial species were identified from the loose fruit oil palm samples including Chryseobacterium indologenes, Enterobacter hormaechei, Klebsiella pneumonia, Klebsiella quasipneumoniae, Klebsiella sp., Pantoe dispersa, Pantoe sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas mendocina, Pseudomonas nitroreducens, Serratia marcescens, Simplicispira metamorpha.

Some of the bacterial species could be pathogenic, hence, it is important to communicate the findings of this research to provide sufficient knowledge to the farmers about the biological hazards associated with the loose oil palm fruits in order for them to take precaution in proper handling of the loose fruits.
Antimicrobial Activity and Prebiotic Effects of Senna alata Leaf Extracts
Authors: Zakaria Nik Hasanah , Sul’ain , Mohd Dasuki , Wan Abdul Wahab Wan-Nor-Amilah
Published: November 2022

Medicinal plants are a great source of antibacterial and prebiotic properties that can treat a wide range of human diseases. Senna alata, also known as "candle bush," has many health benefits. It has antimicrobial properties and has been used for centuries to treat skin infections [1] and digestion-related problems such as constipation, stomach discomfort, and liver diseases [2]. This study aimed to screen the phytoconstituents of S. alata leaf extracts, study their antimicrobial activity against several intestinal pathogens, and investigate their potential prebiotic effects against a few probiotic strains.

 

Aqueous and ethanolic S. alata leaf extracts were obtained by the maceration method, then dried and stored until used. A qualitative phytochemical analysis of S. alata leaf extracts was performed to determine the presence of biomolecules such as anthraquinones, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids. For the antimicrobial study, serial two-fold dilutions of leaf extracts in concentrations ranging from 10 mg/mL to 0.02 mg/mL were performed in a 96-well microplate to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). For the prebiotic study, serial two-fold dilutions of leaf extracts in concentrations ranging from 10 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL were conducted in a 96-well microplate to study the growth rate of probiotics by measuring its optical density (OD) at 0 and 24 hours of incubation at 600 nm.

 

Aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts showed the presence of tannin, saponins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, and flavonoids. Anthraquinones were not detected in any of the extracts, and phenols could only be detected in the ethanolic leaf extract. At the tested concentrations, both leaf extracts showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhi, and Klebsiella pneumoniae based on the MIC values (Table 1). The growth rate of Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacterium longum were significantly increased (p <0.05) after being treated with aqueous leaf extract at 24 hours of incubation (Figure 1). A similar growth pattern was obtained with L. helveticus and B. longum treated with ethanolic leaf extracts (Figure 2).

In conclusion, aqueous and ethanolic S. alata leaf extracts displayed antimicrobial activities to certain intestinal pathogenic bacteria at the preliminary extract concentrations employed in the present study. Besides, the extracts have a stimulative effect on the growth of probiotic microorganisms which are typical members of intestinal microbiota. This study provides further evidence that suggests S. alata is one of the prebiotics which could potentially be used to ease the related digestive problems.
Life Cycle Assessment of Drilled Shafts
Authors: Lee Mina
Published: November 2022

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a widely used methodology for quantifying environmental impacts associated with the life cycle stages of a system. LCA utilizes inventory of energy and materials to calculate the emissions from the life cycle stages and characterize the emissions into environmental impacts. LCA is applicable to complex systems like geo-structures, but its application in geotechnical engineering has been lacking because it is not mandatory in current practice. Given that geotechnical constructions involve land transformations through earthworks and construction of large-scale concrete and/or steel structures (e.g., bridge abutments, retaining structures, and tunnels), geotechnical engineering can play a vital role in sustainable development by ensuring that the resources are consumed responsibly with minimal emissions to the environment. LCA can help designers determine the most environment-friendly option among design alternatives. It can also help in optimizing designs by varying the parameters that affect the environmental impacts or emissions of interest. In this paper, the process of performing LCA is described with drilled shaft foundations as examples. Sample calculations related to the quantification part of LCA are provided, and sample results are interpreted to demonstrate the usefulness of information obtained from LCA.
Axial Load Capacity Predictions of Drilled Displacement Piles With SPT- and CPT-based Direct Methods
Authors:   University of California Irvine, Figueroa Genesis
Published: November 2022

Drilled Displacement Piles (DDP) provide an ideal foundation solution that combines the benefits of ground improvement with traditional advantages of piling systems. This paper offers insights gathered from 55 construction projects in which nearly 130 DDPs were installed and tested axially. High quality site exploration data (e.g., Cone Penetration Test (CPT) and Standard Penetration Test (SPT)) were evaluated to derive geotechnical analysis parameters. The test sites consisted of mostly mixed soil types with strongly stratified layers of sand, silt, and clay. Pile diameters ranged between 35 and 61 cm (14 to 24 inches). Prior to analyzing the axial performance of DDPs, a variety of failure interpretation methods were assessed to confidently extrapolate failure loads when field testing was terminated prior to pile failure. Results of this study suggested the Van der Veen’s (1953) method to most closely estimate the load that triggers pile plunging behavior specific to DDPs, followed by the Butler & Hoy (1977) and L1-L2 methods (Hirany and Kulhawy, 1989). Hereafter, in-situ axial load test results were compared with a wide range of analytical methods, including those developed specifically for DDPs. Predictive accuracy was assessed in terms of total pile capacity and pile settlement and separated based on pile diameter, stiffness, and soil type. Most examined analytical methods underpredict the in-situ pile capacities for both, CPT and SPT -based analysis. It was also found that the difference between the experimentally determined and predicted capacities is related to the level of improvement in the surrounding soil following pile installation. A general comparison between predictive axial accuracy and the observed level of ground improvement is also discussed for sandy and mixed type of soils.
A Comprehensive Comparison and Analysis of In-Situ Dynamic and Static Tests of a Cased Drilled Shaft
Authors:   University of California San Diego, Tomac Ingrid
Published: November 2022

This paper analyzes the undrained bearing capacity of temporary cased drilled shaft foundations installed as part of a new tower in Zagreb, Croatia. The comprehensive analysis focuses on skin friction resistance factors using in-situ static and dynamic test loading tests, a finite-difference computational model, and multiple semi-empirical bearing capacity equations. The cased drilled shafts support a 19-story tower on a layered deposit of soft, normally consolidated clay overlying stiff, normally to slightly overconsolidated Zagreb clays. Furthermore, the finite-difference simulations complement the dynamic testing to better understand the spatial and temporal evolution of the load transfer mechanism between the cased drilled shafts and adjacent soils during testing. Although many large-diameter piles have already been installed in Zagreb for buildings or bridge support, the skin friction resistance factors have not been fully understood in local clays, while full-scale in-situ testing has rarely been disseminated to a broader public. Therefore, the presented study will help guide future designs for cased drilled shafts in clays and contribute to global databases. In addition to exhibiting satisfactory bearing capacity in the tests performed as part of this study, the foundation raft system and the tower’s superstructure performed well during the 2020 Zagreb Mw5.3 and 2020 Petrinja Mw6.4 earthquakes.
MODELING OF THERMAL PROCESSES DURING PLASMA PROCESSING ALONG AN ANNULAR TRAJECTORY
Authors:   Samara State Technical University, Zhatkin S.S.
Published: November 2022

The paper proposes a model for heating cylindrical workpieces, which allows the analysis of thermal processes during surface plasma treatment (welding, surfacing, heat treatment) along an annular trajectory. The model allows you to take into account the scanning of the plasma arc, as well as the final dimensions of the workpiece to be processed. The simulation of plasma arc heating is carried out and it is shown that during the processing of a cylindrical billet, due to the peculiarities of the heat sink, a significant increase in the heat content in it is observed, which can inevitably affect the quality of the welding or surfacing process.
ERROR OF DETERMINING THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF A CUTTING TOOL
Authors:   Samara State Technical University, Krotinov N.B. , Yakimov M.V. ,   Samara State Technical University
Published: November 2022

This article discusses various methods for determining the stress-strain state of turning tools using analytical models of the resistance of materials and the finite element method with varying degrees of approximation to real conditions. The absolute and relative errors of these methods were determined, where the finite element method was taken as a standard using a detailed 3D model. Recommendations for the areas of use of these methods are given.
AUTOMATION OF QUALITY CONTROL OF GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF PARTS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Authors:   Samara State Technical University, Malkina I.V.
Published: November 2022

The aim of the work is to develop an automated system for controlling geometric parameters of machine parts during their production using the methods of active control. To achieve this goal, the paper presents an analysis of the manufacturing process and quality control of parts produced at the machine-building industry enterprise "Stangydromash" LLC (Samara). The analysis of measuring methods of part geometry, accuracy of manufacturing surfaces of the spindle of 16Б16P lathe (SAMAT) is carried out. A justification for selecting an optical sensor for the control system of geometric parameters of a part is made. The interface scheme of the sensor with the information processing unit and with the system controller is considered. A technique of measurement fulfillment is developed, a precise analysis of the system is made.
DESIGN TECHNOLOGY OF COMPLEX DIES ON THE BASIS THEORY OF ADAPTABILITY
Authors:   Samara State Technical University, Nosov N.V.
Published: November 2022

The article presents results of design of complex dies in the manufacture of billets drilling of roller bits with guaranteed strength parameters on the basis of modeling their exploitation and applications of the theory of adaptability without conducting lengthy and expensive field experiments, as well as methods for finite element simulation of stamping process, which at the design stage and optimize models of stamps given the changeable power and temperature modes of operation, the geometric parameters of prints and choice of material.
CORRECTION OF THE TURNING MODE UNDER CONDITIONS OF UNCERTAINTY OF TECHNOLOGICAL INFORMATION, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT CHANGES IN MACHINING PARAMETERS
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Unyanin A.N. , Finageev P.R. ,   Ulyanovsk State Technical University
Published: November 2022

The article presents a method for determining the machining mode, which provides for the correction of models linking the output and input parameters of the process according to the current information about the output parameters. A plan has been developed for varying the controlled parameters of the turning process, allowing these parameters to be brought closer to the optimal level. Software has been developed based on this methodology. Using the developed program, studies of the effectiveness of the developed technique in correcting the turning mode calculated according to the formulas of the cutting theory were carried out. The use of the adjusted mode allows to increase the processing performance while ensuring the required quality of the processed part.
IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF CAST IRON QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Authors:   PJSC KAMAZ, Farisov R.D. , Ioffe M.A. ,   Litye-Servis LLC, Kozlovskiy V.N. ,   Samara State Technical University
Published: November 2022

Based on the problem-solving methodology, which is a detailed version of Deming's Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) improvement cycle, an innovative production facility for the remelting of fine metal-containing waste using an efficient, resource-saving technology has been created. In the developed furnace for electroslagremelting with graphite electrodes, the loss of metal for waste was 2%. The technology of electroslagremelting is distinguished by the presence of a layer of highly superheated slag, which protects the melt from oxidation. At the same time, significant savings in raw materials, energy and labor resources have been achieved. At the same time, a significant increase in resource-saving and environmental indicators of the quality of cast iron is ensured, while maintaining the functional indicators of castings at a given level.
INFLUENCE OF THE PROPERTIES OF THE INITIAL MATERIALS ON THE QUALITY OF RODS IN THE MASS PRODUCTION OF IRON CASTING
Authors:   PJSC KAMAZ, Farisov R.D. , Ioffe M.A. ,   Litye-Servis LLC, Kozlovskiy V.N. ,   Samara State Technical University
Published: November 2022

This paper presents the results of studies of the relationship between the properties of raw materials and the quality of casting cores in relation to the mass production of cast iron castings for truck parts.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE FUNCTIONING OF AN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE THROUGH THE ASSESSMENT OF THERMAL ENERGY LOSSES
Authors:   Samara National Research University named after Academician S.P. Korolev, Klentak A.S.
Published: November 2022

The article discusses ways to improve the efficiency of the functioning of industrial enterprises using the method of assessing thermal energy losses through building envelope, performed on the basis of instrumental examination, as well as using the method of determining heat loss for the entire heating period if it is impossible to carry out a calculation based on instrumental examination.
QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PRODUCTS
Authors:   Samara National Research University named after Academician S.P. Korolev, Antipov D.V. , Gorohova D.A. ,   Samara National Research University named after Academician S.P. Korolev, Artyukhov A.V. ,   Samara National Research University named after Academician S.P. Korolev, Klentak A.S. ,   Samara National Research University named after Academician S.P. Korolev
Published: November 2022

The article considers the world experience in the field of organizing an effective process of designing and developing new products at an enterprise. Additional requirements for the QMS of an enterprise carrying out project activities are formulated. A list of documented elements that need to be prepared and implemented to implement these requirements has been developed, as well as key points that should be paid attention to.
CORRECTION OF CHARACTERISTICS OF SENSITIVE ELEMENTS PRESSURESENSORS
Authors:   Penza State University, Tsypin B.V. , Zdobnov S.A. ,   Scietific-Research Institute of Physical Measurement, Utkin K.E. ,   Scietific-Research Institute of Physical Measurement
Published: November 2022

Methods for correcting the nonlinearity and temperature dependence of the conversion function of primary measuring transducers are given. On the example of pressure sensors, the advantages and disadvantages of correcting in the elements of the primary transducer, adjusting only in individual links, and correcting introduced into subsequent elements of the measuring circuit are considered. Options for introducing automatic correction are shown. A classification of methods for correcting the nonlinearity of the transformation function and methods for correcting the temperature error is given. Keywords: primary measuring transducer, pressure sensor, conversion function, measuring circuit, non-linearity error, temperature error, correction.
DYNAMICS OF MOORING AND DOCKING OF A SPACE ROBOT-MANIPULATOR WITH A GEOSTATIOONARY SATELLITE
Authors:   Samara Federal Research Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Somov Ye.I. ,   Samara State Technical  University, Butyrin S.A. ,   Samara Federal Research Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Samara State Technical  University, Somov S.Ye. ,   Samara Federal Research Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Samara State Technical  University, Somova T.Ye. ,   Samara State Technical  University
Published: November 2022

The control problems of a space robot-manipulator in the process of mooring and docking with a geostationary satellite are considered when docking mechanism of the “rod-cone” class. A dynamic analysis is carried out with changing mooring conditions and the results of computer simulation are presented.
INCREASE THE LOAD-CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE LAUNCH VEHICLE BY OPTIMIZING THE FUEL CONSUMPTION STRATEGY
Authors:   V.A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences, Chadaev A.I. , Tropova E.I. ,   V.A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2022

The article considers one of the possibilities for increasing the in load-carrying capacity of the launch vehicle. Traditional ways to improve the energy characteristics of rocket are to improve the fuel, engine and rocket itself. During the development of the first powerful launch vehicles, another path began to develop, giving a noticeable additional increase in the energy characteristics of the rocket due to the use of methods controls. To implement this path, it is necessary to control the consumption of fuel, the operating modes of the liquid engine and the moments of cutting off the engines with the discard of spent parts of the rocket, so that it becomes possible to achieve the maximum rocket speed by the end of the active flight section. Due to this, it is possible to launch the largest mass of space objects into orbit - the maximum achievable carrying capacity of the launch vehicle is provided. On-board automatic systems that implement such control to one degree or another are called "fuel consumption control systems". This article analyzes the possibility of increasing the load capacity of a monoblock liquid-propellant launch vehicle, associated with the transition from a traditional fuel consumption strategy to an optimal one. The results of the analysis of the optimal fuel consumption strategy are presented.
PREVENTION OF DEFECTS IN IRON CASTINGS USING BUILT-IN QUALITY PRINCIPLES
Authors:   PJSC KAMAZ, Farisov R.D. , Ioffe M.A. ,   Litye-Servis LLC, Kozlovskiy V.N. ,   Samara State Technical University
Published: November 2022

An example of improving the system for monitoring the properties of the molding sand using a moisture sensor in the mass foundry production of cast iron blanks for automotive parts is given. Parameter control, based on the principles of built-in quality, contributes to the stabilization of the physical and mechanical properties of the molding sand, which, in turn, ensures the prevention of defects and an increase in the quality of castings
DIAGNOSTICS OF DIGITAL PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT OJSC “EKSMASH”
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, Mustafin I.R. , Nadezhdina M.E. ,   Kazan State Power Engineering University, Shinkevich M.V. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University
Published: November 2022

The article discusses aspects of the organization of digital production of EKSMASH OJSC in crisis conditions. A number of problems of the production system of the enterprise have been identified - the lack of the necessary imported parts, which entails downtime on production lines, as well as the lack of an exact need for components and spare parts, which entails the irregularity of production on assembly lines. Large remnants of some components for production lines are occupied by warehouses, which is undoubtedly frozen capital for the EKSMASH enterprise. As a result of the merger of 2 production sites, 2 information bases for orders and their planning remained, which are absolutely not integrated with each other. Current trends in the digital transformation of production systems and shifting the point of gravity in the production cycle to development processes are used in optimizing the activities of the considered enterprise. In particular, for the organization of digital production, an important aspect is data mining and digital technologies of model-based systems engineering using a process approach in design. The authors assessed the digital maturity of the production system and formulated a number of recommendations for labor optimization. The article recommends to optimize production activities: to integrate a procurement system based on 1C: ERP (purchases, warehouse, accounting and tax accounting). An algorithm for the implementation of this information system has also been developed. The result of the implementation of the measures outlined in the article to improve the production system of JSC "EKSMASH" will be an increase in the rhythm of production, which will lead to an increase in productivity.
INTEGRATED INDICATOR OF SUSTAINABILITY OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Authors:   Samara National Research Universitynamed after academician S.P. Korolev, Antipov D.V. , Gubanova O.G. ,   Samara National Research Universitynamed after academician S.P. Korolev
Published: November 2022

The article considers the need to assess the sustainability of the quality management system (QMS) in the modern conditions of constant changes. Approaches are identified to quantify the sustainability of QMS through an integrated sustainability indicator consisting of process quality objectives as separate indicators of the system’s parameters. The stages of setting quality objectives and their follow-up are presented in the form of a structural model for ensuring the sustainability of QMS. The article considers goal-form of calculation of complex index of stability depending on the stage of organization-ion development of enterprise. The hypothesis is made that the process of reaching the boundary of the stage of organizational development is similar to the law of logistic growth of the population, open to P. F. Ferhülst. Dynamics of change of stability of QMS is presented in the form of logistic function (solution of Ferhülst equation). Monitoring of the complex index of sustainability of QMS will predict the approach of crisis of development of enterprise, to conduct system organizational measures and to reach the next level of development.
ORGANIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL MONITORING OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF COPOLYMER PRODUCTION USING LCA TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, Malysheva T.V.
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to the actual problem of organizing industrial environmental monitoring of the life cycle of production using information technology. In order to provide Russian enterprises with methodological recommendations for organizing a system of production control and monitoring in order to comply with legislation on maximum environmental standards and waste turnover, it is necessary to study and develop possible options for accumulating data and converting them automatically. The purpose of the article is to develop solutions for organizing a system for monitoring the impact of the stages of the life cycle of petrochemical production on the external environment using tools for continuous information support. To design information modules for assessing the impact of production processes on the ecosystem, sequential procedures of the LCA method were used. To optimize the parameters of environmental friendliness of the production of styrene-butadiene copolymer, the article solves the problem of linear programming; the database for solving the linear programming problem is based on materials from information and technical reference books on the best available technologies, reference books on standards for maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants. The use of the method of information support of the life cycle of LCA products for the organization of automated industrial environmental control and monitoring is scientifically substantiated. A model of the production chain is formed and a block diagram is presented for assessing the impact of the life cycle of chemical production on the ecosystem using the LCA method in the absence of a standardized technology for the accumulation and exchange of environmental data, various levels of automation and digitalization of production processes in petrochemical industries. The flows at the boundary of the chemical-technological system for the production of styrene-butadiene copolymer are investigated and a possible variant of their mathematical optimization is proposed. By solving the linear programming problem, the optimal values of resource consumption for the production of butadiene-styrene copolymer were obtained, at which the minimum indicators of pollutant emissions into the ecosystem are possible: butadiene - 725 kg/t; styrene – 313 kg/t; electricity – 830 kWh/t; water steam - 9.0 Gcal / t. Examples of chemical-technological systems have been identified, where the use of butadiene and styrene relative to the obtained optimal parameter leads to overexpenditure of resources. The research materials can be used in the development of programs and the choice of tools for automated industrial environmental control and monitoring in chemical-technological systems.
ANALYSIS OF TRENDS IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDUSTRY ON THE BASIS OF MATHEMATICAL MODELING METHODS
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, Shinkevich A.I. , Lubnina A.A. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University, Bronskaya V.V. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University
Published: November 2022

Modern global trends cause a revolutionary transition in the development of industry to new high-tech industries with innovative infrastructure, which are controlled by artificial intelligence as part of the creation of cyber-physical systems. All these complex transformations are impossible without a powerful research component, which is the foundation for a quick and high-quality transition to an innovative development that can ensure the competitiveness of the domestic industry at the global level. The most important components of research development are the development, implementation and use of the latest production developments, the number of personnel involved in research and development, as well as state support in the form of financing and implementation of various incentive grant programs. The purpose of the article is to predict the trends in the research development of the industry. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved in the work: a review of Russian and foreign literature in the field of application of mathematical modeling methods to identify industry development trends is given; determination of the range of indicators characterizing the level of research development; built trend lines to predict indicators for the future period; the possibilities of applying the methods of neural network modeling using modern information resources are considered. To solve the tasks in the article, the following methods were used: methods of descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis, polynomial trend line, training of neural networks based on the Wolfram Mathematica software package. Substantiation of the possibilities of using modern methods of mathematical modeling to assess trends in research development can become a promising tool for improving the state regulation of the country's industry.
MODEL FOR ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT OF EXTRUSION 3D PRINTERS
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Tsygankov N.S. , Moskalev A.K. ,   Siberian Federal University
Published: November 2022

A model of innovative product development based on a process approach and characterized by taking into account feedbacks between the stages of product creation and the mutual influence of the products being developed within one stage is presented.Each product is characterized by a variety of internal quality parameters X. As the product development process progresses, the values of quality parameters are changed within each stage. At the entrance, the transition between stages and the exit from the funnel, there are barriers to assessing the quality parameters of X products.The proposed model and calculation formulas make it possible to organize work to improve the efficiency of the product creation process, in particular, to assess the distribution of developments by stages, including the search for the optimal number of stages, the maximum period of finding and requirements for the transition of development to the next stage.On the basis of this mathematical model, using AnyLogic software, calculations of the dynamics of the passage of the product at each stage of development were carried out. The process of developing an extrusion 3D printer includes 5 stages: development and development of an idea, development of a 3D printer working chamber, development of an extruder, development of 3D printer electronics, prototype development. The initial data for the calculations were provided by the LLC "Company IMPRINTA", which is engaged in the development, manufacture and sale of Hercules brand 3D printers. As a result of the simulation, a graph of the total number of developments received at each stage was obtained. To optimize the process of creating new products, the corresponding AnyLogic module was used. The possibilities of optimizing the current structure of the organization of 3D printer development in the LLC "Company IMPRINTA" are considered. Two directions of optimization are proposed: reducing the number of excluded projects by selecting the required minimum load of each stage and the maximum time spent on the development stage; increasing the number of successful developments by selecting the minimum requirements for each stage and the intensity of incoming developments at the entrance to the funnel. It was possible to reduce the number of excluded developments by 30%.