bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks For Feature Extraction And Classification (ADRFEC)
Authors: - P.AnilKumar
Published: September 2024

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a significant complication of Diabetes Mellitus, leading to various retinal abnormalities that can impair vision and, in severe cases, result in blindness. Approximately 80% of patients with long-standing diabetes for 10–15 years develop DR. The manual process of diagnosing and detecting DR for timely treatment is both time-consuming and unreliable, mainly due to resource constraints and the need for expert opinion. To address this challenge, computerized diagnostic systems utilizing Deep Learning (DL) Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures have been proposed to learn DR patterns from fundus images and assess disease severity. The proposed model performs an exhaustive analysis of these architectures upon fundus images, and derives the best performing DL architecture for DR feature extraction and fundus image classification. Amongst all the models, ResNet50 has achieved the highest training accu- racy whereas VGG-16 has achieved the lowest training accuracy. Again, VGG-16 has achieved lowest validation accuracy whereas ResNet101 has achieved highest validation accuracy.
Laws and Provisions Related to Waqf Property and Its Maintainability as Per the Waqf Act of 1995
Authors: - SARBOJIT BOSU , - RAHUL NANDI
Published: September 2024

Waqf is part of the ibadah that is strongly demanded by Islam. The
development of waqf property has played a major role as the main factor
in the community’s socioeconomic development and Islamic civilization
development. This study employs the four stages in conducting the SLR. It
starts with identifying the research strategy where a search string is
developed. The second stage is a study selection with a total of 310 papers
from 2017 up to 2022 from three main academic databases, which are
Scopus, Web of Science and Springer retrieved. After applying the quality
assessment criteria, 67 papers were qualified for the analysis. Thematic
analysis was then applied to thematically categorize the identified factors
as the fourth stage in data extraction and synthesis. Several factors were
found in the literature. Three broad categories were used to group the dis
covered variables. The subjects include management, governance, and
promotion. The study also has an empirical benefit, particularly for those
looking for waqf property since it helps them understand the factors that
could contribute to waqf property development. Moreover, the findings can
be a component to transform the waqf property to become reproductive,
sustainable, and competitive.
Navigating Market Movements: The Role of Herd Behaviour in Indian Stocks
Authors: - Abhishek Kumar Nigam
Published: September 2024

When an individual elects to allocate their financial resources towards the stock market for the initial occasion or on a consistent basis, yet possesses insufficient knowledge pertaining to market analysis and investment strategies, the primary issue or inquiry that emerges is the appropriate allocation of capital. In more straightforward terms, this involves determining whether to invest in equity shares, preference shares, debentures, or to allocate resources to mutual funds, and if so, in which specific equity/preference shares, debentures, or mutual funds the investment should be made. Individuals may either engage the services of a stock broker to manage their investments on their behalf or choose to undertake the investment process independently. In both scenarios, their decision-making processes are likely to be influenced, either wholly or partially, by herd behaviour, commonly referred to as the bandwagon effect.
Individuals tend to adhere to prevailing trends. When a substantial cohort of individuals engages in investment in a particular stock, there exists a propensity among others to similarly invest in that stock, often without conducting thorough independent analysis. They possess a belief that a significant collective cannot err. The bandwagon effect is an inherent phenomenon that is relatively innocuous to a certain degree; however, it can occasionally be strategically manipulated to influence market movements in a preferred direction, an action that may constitute unfair trade practices and is frequently observed within the stock market. While herd behaviour in everyday situations may be benign, it can prove detrimental when related to investment decisions.
Begging Life of Beggars: A Case Study
Authors: - Dr. Menka
Published: September 2024

The present empirical study aims to analyze the types of beggars, places and methods of begging and their earnings through this profession in the Aligarh district. The study is based on primary source of data, collected through the field survey and direct questionnaire to the respondents in the Aligarh district of Uttar Pradesh during 2009. The study reveals that nearly, 78 per cent beggars were able bodied and they begged with the help of slogan or silent way of begging. They are mainly preferred to go to the residential areas, markets and religious places for begging purpose and their average daily income by begging is 51-100 per day.
Corrections in Boolean Algebra
Authors: - Souravlal Singha
Published: September 2024

Here 0=true 1=true but there may be differences
Magnetic field simulation and analysis of superconducting magnetic separator with different magnetic matrices
Authors: Zhou Mingliang , Li Lixia , Su Xuebin , Liu Zhe , Liu Feifei , Yuan Zhitao , Liu Jiongtian
Published: September 2024

Superconducting magnetic separation technology leverages strong magnetic fields to separate magnetic from non-magnetic materials, vital for industries like mining, recycling, and water treatment. This study aims to elucidate the impact of various magnetic gathering media on the magnetic field distribution within superconducting magnetic separators through detailed modeling and simulation. Using Infolytica MagNet software, we simulate the magnetic field distribution of a JS-6-102 pilot-scale superconducting magnetic separator, both without media and with different magnetic matrices, such as mesh and rod media. Our results reveal that the presence of magnetic matrices significantly alters the magnetic field distribution, enhancing magnetic induction intensity and affecting field uniformity. We demonstrate that smaller mesh sizes yield more uniform magnetic fields, while larger rod diameters increase magnetic field distortion. These findings contribute to optimizing the design and efficiency of superconducting magnetic separation systems.
The SOR and AOR Methods with Stepwise Optimized Values of Parameters for the Iterative Solutions of Linear Systems
Authors: Liu Chein-Shan , Chang Chih-Wen
Published: September 2024

We modify the successive overrelaxation (SOR) method and accelerated overrelaxation (AOR) method for solving linear equations systems. The optimal value of the acceleration parameter is determined, using the maximal reduction method of the residual vector’s length, or equivalently an orthogonality condition. Rather than the constant value, the MAOR method endows a step-by-step varying acceleration parameter to possess the property of absolute convergence and the orthogonality of consecutive residual vector. In SOR, the relaxation parameter is also optimized by using the orthogonality condition. Numerical examples ensure that the MSOR and MAOR iterative schemes converge faster than the original SOR and AOR iterative schemes. They are easily implemented with low computational cost, and without needing of a detailed spectral analysis to determine the optimal values of parameters has a great advantage.
Beyond Collection and Disposal: Assessing the Potential of 3Rs Implementation for Municipal Solid Waste Reduction in Bangladesh
Authors: Shumshunnahar Mst
Published: September 2024

The rapid urbanization and population growth in Bangladesh have resulted in a substantial increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) generation, posing a significant challenge to traditional waste management practices that primarily focus on collection and disposal. This study explores the potential of implementing the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) to address this escalating waste crisis and transition towards a more sustainable waste management approach. A mixed-methods approach was employed, encompassing a comprehensive literature review and primary data collection through surveys and interviews. The literature review examined existing waste management practices in Bangladesh and the potential benefits of 3Rs implementation. Surveys and interviews were conducted with key stakeholders, including municipal authorities, waste management professionals, and residents, to gain insights into current waste management challenges and perceptions regarding 3Rs adoption. The findings revealed that current waste management practices in Bangladesh are predominantly reliant on collection and disposal, with limited emphasis on 3Rs. The lack of awareness, infrastructure, and economic incentives were identified as major barriers to 3Rs implementation. It is estimated that through effective 3Rs implementation, MSW disposal in Bangladesh can be reduced by 60-85%. This study underscores the urgent need to move beyond collection and disposal and embrace 3Rs as a cornerstone of sustainable waste management in Bangladesh. Recommendations include raising public awareness, developing infrastructure, and providing economic incentives to promote 3Rs adoption. By implementing these measures, Bangladesh can effectively address its waste crisis and transition towards a circular economy, fostering environmental protection, resource conservation, public health improvement, and economic development.
La Gamificación como Estrategia para Combatir la Desmotivación Estudiantil
Authors: García Ramón Angel Fabián , Samaniego Samaniego Samy Lucía , Peralta Vallejo Julia Maricela , Bravo Torres Gabriela Estefania , Mejía Guerrero Narcisa Beatriz
Published: September 2024

La desmotivación en los estudiantes genera un impacto negativo, tanto en el desarrollo personal como en su desempeño académico. Hoy en día, esta situación prevalece en muchas instituciones educativas, las cuales no han integrado estrategias didácticas como lo es la gamificación, a fin de que se emplee la diversión como elemento estratégico para estimular al alumno a aprender los contenidos de aprendizaje. La metodología utilizada fue de tipo descriptiva y documental, se utilizó la técnica de análisis sujeta a la revisión de documentos, la cual hizo posible la obtención de datos significativos de tipo bibliográfico tomando en cuenta una serie de revistas científicas, las cuales permitieron abordar el estudio basado en la gamificación como estrategia clave en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje. Las conclusiones muestran que es importante que esta herramienta sea utilizada de manera óptima a fin de disminuir la desmotivación que existe en muchas aulas de clase y al mismo tiempo contribuya al desarrollo integral y profesional tanto de los estudiantes como de los docentes en las instituciones educativas.
De los Medios Tradicionales a las Redes Sociales: Preferencia del Consumo de Noticias en los Jóvenes
Authors: Cuestas Zegarra Alexandra Victoria
Published: September 2024

La comunicación, ha sido fundamental para el crecimiento de nuestra sociedad a través de la difusión de noticias en los medios masivos convencionales, como la televisión, la radio y la prensa. Desde el surgimiento de las nuevas tecnologías y la aparición de las redes sociales, la manera en que los jóvenes consumen noticias ha experimentado cambios significativos. Estas plataformas ofrecen rapidez e inmediatez en la información, así como la posibilidad única de interacción directa entre el público y los contenidos informativos. El estudio revela que los jóvenes prefieren ver o leer noticias en las redes sociales en lugar de los  medios convencionales. Sin embargo, a pesar de su preferencia por ver noticias en las redes sociales, también resaltan su gran desconfianza por la cantidad de noticias falsas que se difunden y porque cualquier persona puede publicar noticias en la actualidad, lo que no es posible en los medios convencionales. Sin embargo, consumir noticias responde a la importancia que los jóvenes atribuyen a estar informados sobre su entorno, un aspecto esencial para su vida diaria y su desarrollo personal,  Las redes sociales, han cambiado la forma en que recibimos y compartimos noticias, pero los medios tradicionales siguen siendo importantes y brindan profundidad y autenticación. La interacción entre estos dos tipos de plataformas continúa dando forma al panorama de la información moderno, desafiando a jóvenes a ser más críticos y selectivos
La Inteligencia Artificial como Herramienta para Generar Recursos Educativos
Authors: Morillo Rueda Johana Yadira , Castillo Pérez Mercy María , Aguilar Cazares Mayra Alejandra , Cazco Chavez Geoconda Elizabeth , Peñaherrera Andrade Roger Santiago
Published: September 2024

Este estudio investiga la Inteligencia Artificial como herramienta para generar recursos educativos, cuáles son sus aciertos y desafíos, analizando los beneficios para los estudiantes con diferentes herramientas que pueden ser utilizadas de una manera adecuada para este fin propuesto. La metodología utilizada es cualitativa y descriptiva, basada en una revisión sistemática, la cual incluyó tesis, artículos científicos y documentación normativa. Los hallazgos revelan que la Inteligencia Artificial proporciona herramientas interesantes utilizadas como recursos educativos auténticos e innovadores, además que genera mayor autonomía para el aprendizaje, ofreciendo una retroalimentación objetiva y con un seguimiento adecuado de que los estudiantes realmente están aprendiendo el contenido evaluado obteniendo mayor personalización en el proceso educativo. El estudio concluye que aunque la Inteligencia Artificial ofrece variedad de herramientas para generar recursos educativos, es importante aplicarlo de una manera significativa y de acuerdo a las necesidades de los estudiantes para que se pueda obtener los resultados esperados y sobre todo que el aprendizaje pueda ser significativo y que la Inteligencia Artificial sea utilizada adecuadamente con la suficiente capacitación docente para cumplir los objetivos planteados. Se concluye también que hay bastantes desafíos aún, especialmente en Ecuador que hay que seguir trabajando en mejora de la educación.
Marketing Digital: Cambios de Estrategias Comunicacionales
Authors: Ticona Bullain Andres Mehdi , Carpio Arevalo Magneli de los Milagros
Published: September 2024

El presente artículo de investigación, analiza cómo las estrategias de comunicación han evolucionado significativamente en los últimos años debido a los constantes cambios en el mundo digital y la creciente influencia de las redes sociales en diferentes contextos. El propósito principal de esta investigación es destacar la importancia del público en el desarrollo actual del mundo digital, especialmente desde la llegada del COVID-19, que transformó todas las estrategias de comunicación utilizadas por empresas, instituciones y emprendimientos. El objetivo es lograr una conexión más cercana con las personas, sin importar su ubicación, para alcanzar un mejor impacto y alcance en Bolivia, específicamente en el departamento de Oruro. Esta investigación se llevó a cabo con un enfoque mixto, combinando métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos, y se desarrolló de manera descriptiva y transversal. Los resultados sin duda permitirán desarrollar propuestas para el futuro de empresas, negocios y emprendimientos, buscando atraer a un público más amplio. Se reconoce que, con los avances tecnológicos, el marketing digital seguirá experimentando cambios y se convertirá en una herramienta de gran importancia tanto a nivel nacional como internacional.
Estrategia Didáctica para la Estimulación Cognitiva en Niños y Niñas de Segundo Año de Educación General Básica
Authors: Moreta Véliz Deisy Alexandra , Espinoza Leones Dolores Ermencia , Avila Vásconez Lupe Viviana , Carranza Quiroz Ana Lucía , Vera Talledo Carmen Edita
Published: September 2024

La investigación realizada tuvo como objetivo: Proponer una estrategia didáctica de aprendizaje para la estimulación cognitiva en niños y niñas de segundo año básico. El problema se basó en la falta de estimulación cognitiva en los niños de segundo grado. En la metodología se propone un enfoque mixto: cuantitativo y cualitativo. El diseño que aplicó es el explicativo, de campo que se compone de una etapa de recogida de datos cuantitativos y otra etapa en la que se recogen datos cualitativos; además, se propone la investigación no experimental y la investigación-acción. La muestra no probabilística del estudio se conforma de 30 estudiantes de segundo año. Las técnicas de recogida de datos son; la observación áulica y la entrevista, mientras que los instrumentos son el cuestionario, la ficha de observación y la guía de preguntas. Para los datos cuantitativos se aplicó la técnica de estadística descriptiva y para los datos cualitativos se aplicó la técnica de análisis de contenido. Como resultado se obtuvo que, los estudiantes tienen dificultades en lo que respecta a la motivación, concentración y desinterés por aprender, por lo tanto, la aplicación de la estrategia didáctica favorece a la superación de dicha dificultad, mejorando su nivel cognitivo y logrando un aprendizaje significativo.
Four new Afrotropic Hapsimachogonia (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae, Lasiocampinae, Argudini)
Authors: Sulak Harald , Yakovlev Roman V. , Semionova Anastasia A. , Saldaitis Aidas , Petrányi Gergely , Volkova Julia S. , Revay Edita E. , Müller Günter C. , Traore Mohamed M. , Lamah Simon Pierre , Prozorova Tatiana A. , Prozorov Alexey M.
Published: September 2024

Four new species of the genus Hapsimachogonia Prozorov & Zolotuhin, 2016 are described: 1) Hapsimachogonia graham sp. n. from Uganda; 2) Hapsimachogonia margit sp. n. from Angola and Namibia; 3) Hapsimachogonia max sp. n. from West African Sahel; and 4) Hapsimachogonia michael sp. n. predominantly occurring in West African forests but also recorded in a few locations northwards in the Sahel. Hapsimachogonia cavuata Prozorov & Zolotuhin, 2016 is recorded for the first time in the Central African Republic. Adults of both sexes, their genitalia, map with collecting localities, and phylogenetic tree with p-distances are analyzed and illustrated.
RELATIONSHIP OF OHA’S TREATMENT RATIONALITY WITH THERAPY TARGETS ACHIEVEMENT IN TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS
Authors: Rizky Wardhiana Agung , Annisaa Eva , Dini Intan Rahmania Eka
Published: September 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common condition in Central Java. Irrational use of drugs can cause various problems, including increased disease morbidity and mortality rates, wasted health costs, and the emergence of undesirable effects. Therefore, this study was necessary to assess the rationality of the treatment. The aim was to describe the rationality of OHAs treatment and to achieve therapy targets, and to understand the relationship between OHA treatment rationality and therapy target achievement in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at primary health care in Wirosari District, Grobogan Regency. An analytical observational study used a cross-sectional design, purposive sampling, and chi-square test to establish relationships between variables. The rationale for treating OHAs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at primary health care in Wirosari District, Grobogan Regency, is 47.67% rational and 52.33% irrational. Among the samples, 26.7% reached the therapeutic target, whereas 73.3% did not. The rationality of treating OHAs and achieving therapeutic targets was interconnected (p=0.014).
 Keywords: HbA1C, rational treatment, therapeutic target, type 2 diabetes mellitus
Finishing bench tests for thermal neutralization of marine oily waters
Authors: Chernov Vladimir A. , Shurayev Oleg P. , Chichurin Alexander G. , Guro-Frolova Yuliya R.
Published: September 2024

The studies conducted on the ship's oily water thermal disposal test bench demonstrated, on the one hand, the suitability of the bench for research work, and on the other hand, revealed several unaccounted aspects in the design of the bench and its measuring system. Specifically, the nozzle was replaced to ensure finer atomization of the oily water into the flue. Additionally, it was previously established that lower pressure than originally designed was sufficient for proper atomization, necessitating the replacement of the control manometer and the electronic pressure sensor, followed by their calibration. To enable the calculation of the thermal energy characteristics of the thermal disposal process, a correlation between the pressure in the tank and the flow rate of the oily water through the nozzle was established. In a series of fine-tuning tests, data were collected on the temperature distribution along the length of the flue without and with the injection of both clean and oily water. The results indicate additional heat release when oily water is injected into the flue. The environmental characteristics of the thermal disposal process were monitored using a gas analyzer. In all the tests, the decrease of carbon monoxide concentration to almost zero was noted. Based on the results of the fine-tuning tests, it was concluded that the bench is ready for the following experiments: screening and interpolation.
About the role of PJSC «Krasnoe Sormovo Plant» in providing logistics for water transport in Russia
Authors: Kuzmichev Igor K. , Chebotarev Stanislav S. , Morozov Oleg L.
Published: September 2024

This work is devoted to the analysis of the role of PJSC «Krasnoe Sormovo Plant» in providing logistics for water transport in Russia. The article provides information about the history of the company's development from the moment of its creation to the present. Special attention is paid to the activities of PJSC "Krasnoe Sormovo Plant" on the development and implementation of plans for the renewal of the fleet of ships in the modern period, which depend on the conjuncture of the freight market, the availability of credit resources, the general state of the economy, the development of the transport system, the state of port facilities and waterway infrastructure. Statistical data characterizing the financial and economic condition of a public joint stock company are presented. The promising areas of activity of PJSC "Krasnoe Sormovo Plant" to meet the needs of the state in implementing a policy of improving transport logistics, attracting additional cargo flows to inland waterway transport are outlined.
Prospects for the formation of a logically organized system for transporting general cargo by river transport in conditions of a developed transport network
Authors: Niurkin Sergey I. , Niurkin Oleg S.
Published: September 2024

The development of the transport industry involves the implementation of an integrated approach that covers all types of transport and, at the same time, relies largely on marketing and logistics bases. The existing bias towards land transport, in addition to objective reasons, has many factors due to omissions in the organization of the activities of river transport enterprises. Correcting these errors and omissions today is not only the interest of river transport and its land bases, but also an objective necessity. For many cargo owners, the problem of the lack of reserves for the capacity of land transport routes is urgent for local, regional and federal authorities, which automatically generates a number of problems of an economic, environmental, social, etc. nature. The use of virtually unlimited reserves of waterway capacity can be not only a tactical, but also a strategic solution in this situation. It is obvious that ports, being essentially multitransport terminals, should actively engage in the formation of logistics chains for cargo owners, while conducting comprehensive marketing research that will clearly and clearly identify promising segments of regional markets for water transport.
Analysis and directions of development of transport and logistics schemes for the delivery of grain cargoes with the participation of inland waterway transport in Russia
Authors: Usov Timur S. , Kostrov Vladimir N. , Tsverov Vladimir V.
Published: September 2024

In this article, the authors analyzed the transport and logistics schemes for transporting grain cargoes with the possible participation of water transport in a new geopolitical situation. After the introduction of sanctions by Western countries against the Russian Federation, the existing grain delivery schemes lost their relevance, therefore, the authors proposed a scheme for transporting grain cargoes from grain-producing regions of central Russia to southern ports on the Caspian Sea.
Based on the presented scheme, the authors proposed options for the delivery of grain cargoes from the subjects of the Russian Federation, tending to inland waterways to Iranian ports, within the framework of the developing international transport corridor (ITC) "North-South".
The proposed delivery options necessarily imply the operation of a river fleet and river-sea vessels to deliver grain raw materials to the countries of the Middle East and Africa during navigation, as well as during the inter-navigation period.
Possibilities of forming a territorial development zone "Vetluga - Sura". Some directions for the development of water tourism and infrastructure
Authors: Gordleev Sergey D. , Trukhinova Olga L. , Lapshin Leonid M.
Published: September 2024

The article proposes the creation of a territorial development zone "Vetluga-Sura" in the Volga Federal District, the purpose of which should be to increase the economic level of remote areas, improve the standard of living of the population, as well as increase the number of residents both along the banks of the Vetluga and Sura rivers and in the adjacent territories of the region.  Within the framework of the territorial development zone, public investments in transport infrastructure are envisaged, including the creation of ship passages on the Vetluga and Sura rivers. In this regard, a wide range of investment projects aimed at the development of the tourism cluster, as well as industry, agriculture and other industries in the region are expected. A significant result of the implementation of the Vetluga-Sura territorial development zone may be the revival of passenger and freight traffic on small rivers in the region. The creation of the Vetluga-Sura territorial development zone is proposed as a pilot project to develop a model of territorial development based on the revival of small rivers and subsequent application in more than 20 other regions.
The innovative vector of technology–based development of shipping companies is autonomous navigation
Authors: Chebotarev Vladislav S. , Ionov Vladimir A.
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the current state of water transport, problems and prospects of its development. Special attention is paid to the innovative vector of development of shipping companies on the basis of technologies - autonomous navigation. The development of the shipping industry on the basis of autonomous navigation opens significant opportunities in the sphere of safety improvement, increase of profit by reducing the costs of maintenance of ship crews. Examples of implementation and use of remote control of a vessel using autonomous navigation means along a socially and economically significant route are given.
The article studies the legal acts that came into force in 2024, fixing the legal basis for the creation of autonomous navigation, which gives the opportunity to actively develop this promising direction. It will allow water transport to be competitive, and thus one of the key sectors of the Russian economy to become a pillar for achieving its growth.
Based on the study of the materials of the Russian Federation SP in the field of inland water transport development, the factors that will contribute to the efficiency of the implementation of the initiatives of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation until 2030 are proposed.
Oxidative Stress and Anti-Carbonic Anhydrase Antibody Levels in Early Preeclampsia: A Clinical Investigation
Authors: Erenler Ayse Sebnem , Melekoğlu Rauf , Kıran Tuğba Raika , İnceoğlu Feyza
Published: September 2024

Aim: Preeclampsia (PE) is a dangerous condition that affects 3–5% of pregnancies and has a substantial risk of death and morbidity for both mothers and newborns. The processes behind the etiology of PE are not entirely known, despite the fact that it is the primary cause of illness and death among mothers globally. In order to further understand the correlations between these parameters, this study will look at the levels and presence of anti-carbonicanhydrase (CA) I and II antibodies, total oxidant capacity (TOC), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in early PE.
Material and Method: The research analyzed 30 pregnant women with early PE and 30 normal pregnant women as the control group. Serum levels of anti-CAI (pg/mL), anti-CAII (ng/mL), MDA (nmol/mL), TOS (U/mL), T-AOC (U/mL) were measured and compared between the two groups.
Results: Significant variations were noted in the amount of anti-CA I, anti-CA II, MDA, TOS, and T-AOC (both p
SOM Clustering of OECD Countries for COVID-19 Indicators and Related Socio-economic Indicators
Authors: Yıgıt Pakize
Published: September 2024

The coronavirus disease is one of the most severe public health problems globally. Governments need policies to better cope with the disease, so policymakers analyze the country's indicators related to the pandemic to make proper decisions. The study aims to cluster OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries using COVID-19, health, socioeconomic, and environmental indicators. A self-organizing map (SOM) clustering method, an unsupervised artificial neural network (ANN) method and a hierarchical clustering method are used. The data comprises 38 OECD countries, and 16 different variables are selected. As a result, the countries are grouped into 3 clusters. Cluster 1 contains 33 countries, the USA is Cluster 2, and Cluster 3 has 4 countries, including Turkey. COVID-19 mortality is highly related to mortality from chronic respiratory diseases. In addition, environmental indicators show differences in clusters.
Assessment of effective factors on student performance based on machine learning methods
Authors: Yıldırım Hasan
Published: September 2024

Machine learning methods have gained increasing attention in the field of education due to advancing technological tools and rapidly growing data. The general focus of this attention is on identifying the best method, but it is also critical to determine the extent to which the methods under consideration differ statistically and to correctly identify variable importance metrics. In this study, we benchmarked the performance of twenty-three machine learning algorithms on real educational data via cross-validation based on criteria such as accuracy, AUC and F1-score. Besides, the methods were statistically compared using DeLong and McNemar tests. The findings showed that the LightGBM method appeared to be the best method and presented the most important factors determining student achievement according to this method. The systematic process followed in the study is considered to yield valuable insights for data-driven studies as well as the field of education.
A Hybrid Metaheuristic based Feature Selection Framework for In-silico Mutagenicity Prediction
Authors: Yılmaz Özlem , Gumustas Enis , Çakmak Pehlivanlı Ayça
Published: September 2024

Mutagenicity is both a toxic risk to humans and an indicator of carcinogenicity. Hence, estimating mutagenicity in the early stages of drug design is crucial to minimize last-stage failures and withdrawals in drug discovery. Recently, in-silico methods have started to play critical and essential roles in the drug development process because they are low cost and low effort procedures. This study aims to predict mutagenicity of chemicals using in-silico methods. To achieve this goal, a two-phased flexible framework was proposed: 1) searching the effective and representative descriptors subset with Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (BOA) and Particle Swarm Optimization and 2) predicting mutagenicity of chemicals by the selected descriptor using gradient boosted tree-based ensemble methods. The study used two datasets: one including 8167 compounds for descriptor selection and modelling, and another containing 716 external compounds to validate the efficacy of our models. The datasets comprise 162 descriptors calculated using PaDEL. The results of both the cross-validation and the external data showed that descriptors reduced by nearly one-third by BOA (51 descriptors) yielded similar or slightly better predictive results than results obtained with the entire data set. The accuracy range attained by the proposed approach using BOA is approximately 91.9% to 97.91% for the external set and 83.35% to 86.47% for the test set. This research contributes that using optimization techniques for improving early drug design and minimizing risks in drug discovery can be considered as a valuable insights and advances in the field of drug toxicity prediction, based on the findings.
Rising Incidence and Comorbidities of Endogenous Hypothyroidism in Republic of Korea from 2004 to 2018: A Nationwide Population Study
Authors: Chung Chae Won , Ahn Hwa Young , Cho Sun Wook , Yi Ka Hee
Published: September 2024

Background: Hypothyroidism, a prevalent endocrine disorder, results from insufficient thyroid hormone production or release, affecting metabolism. However, disparities in comorbidities and treatment trajectories may exist between endogenous and exogenous hypothyroidism.Methods: Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service from 2004 to 2018. Endogenous hypothyroidism was defined as cases with two or more diagnostic codes for hypothyroidism coupled with a history of thyroid hormone intake exceeding 60 days. To eliminate iatrogenic hypothyroidism, individuals with diagnosis codes for thyroid cancer, treatment codes for thyroid surgery, or radiotherapy were excluded. Hypothyroidism-related comorbidities were defined as new occurrences of the corresponding diagnosis code after the diagnosis of hypothyroidism during the entire study period.Results: The age-standardized incidence of endogenous hypothyroidism among men was 0.2 per 1,000 person-years in 2004, increasing to 0.8 in 2018. Among women, the incidence increased from 1.6 per 1,000 person-years in 2004 to 3.7 in 2018. When comparing age groups of 20s–50s and 60s–90s, both sexes in the 60s–90s demonstrated a more rapid increase in incidence than those in the 20s–50s age range. Patients with endogenous hypothyroidism demonstrated a higher incidence of mood disorders across all age groups and cerebrovascular disease in individuals ≥60 years old, regardless of sex.Conclusion: In Republic of Korea, endogenous hypothyroidism incidence has been increased in recent years. The incidence of endogenous hypothyroidism is increasing more rapidly in men than in women, especially in the elderly. Patients with endogenous hypothyroidism seem to have a heightened risk for cerebrovascular disease and mood disorders.
Pädagogische Historiographie vor 50 Jahren in der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone
Authors: Reble Albert
Published: September 2024

In dem Aufsatz beleuchtet Albert Reble die Entwicklung der pädagogischen Historiographie in der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone nach 1945 und schildert dabei seine eigenen Erfahrungen als Hochschullehrer in Halle.
Reble diskutiert die ideologischen Einflüsse auf die Geschichtsschreibung der Pädagogik und beschreibt, wie er unter sowjetischer Besatzung trotz widriger Umstände eigene wissenschaftliche Konzepte entwickelte.
Er geht auf die Herausforderungen der politischen Kontrolle ein, insbesondere auf die komplexen Beziehungen zwischen der Pädagogik, der marxistischen Ideologie und dem kulturellen Leben der Zeit. Rebles Darstellung
hebt die Ambivalenz der sowjetischen Bildungsreformen hervor, die sowohl Raum für akademische Freiheit ließen als auch zunehmend ideologisch geprägt waren.
Investigating the Sound Absorption Properties of Silk Cotton and Other Sound-Absorbent Materials
Authors: L. Hackett Michael
Published: September 2024

This research investigates the acoustic properties of various materials to mitigate sound transmission and enhance acoustic environments, focusing on silk cotton, cotton wool, chipped foam, and open-cell polyurethane foam. The study evaluates these materials for sound absorption and reduction, considering sound frequency and material density. Materials were tested for their sound reduction and absorption coefficients, with silk cotton emerging as the most effective across a broad frequency spectrum, particularly below 200 Hz and above 1000 Hz. The research demonstrated that silk cotton, with its high porosity and fine fibre structure, achieved significant sound reduction even at low densities The findings align with theoretical predictions of resonance frequencies, showing a strong correlation (r2 = 0.9988 for the sound box and r2 = 0.9894 for the sound pipe). Sound intensity and sound pressure levels were measured using a sound level meter, and data analysis was conducted using graphing and calculating software. The researcher employed modified laboratory methods to account for loose materials and equipment limitations, validating the use of theoretical equations to estimate sound absorption and reduction properties The study provides some insights into using fibrous materials like silk cotton for noise reduction and acoustic enhancement. These findings have practical implications for improving sound quality in various environments, such as schools, studios, and public spaces, contributing to noise reduction strategies and enhancing auditory experiences.
Diabetes Genetic Epidemiology and Associated Comorbidities: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kaushik Priya , Nain Rashmi , Bains Rupali , Kumar Prashant
Published: September 2024

Diabetes is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels in humans, which are mostly brought on by poor insulin production and utilization. Numerous genetic factors are responsible for causing TIDM such as PTPN22 and CTLA. People with diabetes mellitus are more likely to acquire a variety of linked conditions and conditions known as comorbidities because of a number of hereditary factors, environmental factors, certain medications, and other causes. Some of the common comorbidities that are prevalent in the T2DM patient population include congestive kidney disease, retinopathy, neuropathy, cardiovascular disease, urinary disorders, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. Diabetes has a high rate of hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease frequently coexist in patients as comorbid conditions. Knowing how genes function differs and how particular genetic factors raise the likelihood of comorbidities during diabetes can help develop effective medication for the management of diabetes Insight into how different genes operate and how specific genetic factors increase the risk of comorbidities during diabetes can aid in the development of effective diabetic medications to curb the epidemic of diabetes and its associated complications. A multifaceted approach is required, including early detection of diabetes, checking for its consequences, providing the best possible care at all levels of treatment for those who currently have the disease, and preventing diabetes in those with prediabetes. Diabetes prevalence is expected to increase, which will increase the need for rehabilitation therapy to decrease any problems the condition can cause. Exercise has been reported to improve insulin sensitivity to elevated blood sugar levels, enhance glucose absorption, decrease intra-abdominal fat a known risk factor for insulin resistance—and prevent cardiovascular issues.
Development of Agribusiness in Tiwi, Albay
Authors: D. Beraña Alexander
Published: September 2024

This study determined the status of agribusiness in Tiwi, Albay, as basis for the development of business plan. Specifically, it sought to answer the following sub- problems: 1) What are the areas of agribusiness in the Municipality of Tiwi, Albay?; 2) What are the status of agribusiness along; crop production, animal production, aquaculture production, and agri-support services and manufacturing?; 3) What are the contributions of the above areas in the agribusiness in Tiwi, Albay?; 4) What are the problems encountered in agribusiness?; and 5) What business plan may be proposed to address the problems encountered in agribusiness? The study involved presenting the agribusiness sectors contributions through tables and charts, emphasizing their economic impact and community significance. It addressed challenges by organizing issues like infrastructure or market access, supported by relevant data or case studies. It proposed a comprehensive business plan targeting specific problems with detailed strategies, cost estimates, and potential outcomes. Descriptive surveys are crucial in agribusiness research, providing detailed insights into agricultural practices and factors affecting productivity within a specific population. These surveys utilize statistical tools such as frequency percentage and weighted mean to accurately depict response distribution and measure the significance of variables. Synthesizing findings and ensuring proper citation and definition of terms in research helps draw meaningful conclusions and contribute to a broader understanding of agribusiness practices in the region. Incorporating literature demands a structured approach, starting with an introduction highlighting the topic's significance, organizing sources thematically or chronologically, and synthesizing findings while ensuring proper citation and defining terms for clarity. Descriptive surveys in agribusiness employed tools like frequency percentage to depict response distribution and weighted mean to gauge variable significance, offering precise insights into agricultural practices and factors affecting productivity within the surveyed population.
Adopting WhatsApp to support flipped learning in resource-constrained business studies classrooms in South Africa
Authors: Gcabashe Nduduzo Brian
Published: September 2024

Nowadays, business studies teachers integrate WhatsApp into their lessons to enhance their instructional practice. This qualitative study investigates the role of WhatsApp in supporting flipped learning in business studies classrooms. The interpretive paradigm was adopted, and an exploratory case study was employed as the research design. Social constructivism theory was used as the lens through which to view the study, while purposive sampling was utilised to select six business studies teachers from six secondary schools in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data collected through semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed that WhatsApp played a significant role in supporting flipped learning in business studies. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that WhatsApp is integral to supporting flipped learning in resource-constrained schools. Thus, it is recommended that South African schools allow and formalise the use of WhatsApp as a learning tool to transform pedagogies.
Cross-cultural analysis of burnout among educators of Higher Education
Authors: Mironova Jūlija , Sloka Biruta
Published: September 2024

Burnout arise as an emerging topic at the end of the 20th century, especially in such profession as teaching, and since then there is ongoing discussion of its influence on different processes in organisation, as well as its financial performance. The aim of the study is to analyse if there is difference in aspects of burnout of educators from different countries. Methods used in the study – analysis of recent scientific findings and analysis of the survey created by authors. The results of the study highlight burnout symptoms of educators in Higher Education from different countries.
Bulk and Atmospheric Metallicities as Direct Probes of Sequentially Varying Accretion Mechanisms of Gas and Solids Onto Planets
Authors: Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Swain Mark R.
Published: September 2024

Core accretion is the standard scenario of planet formation, wherein planets are formed by sequential accretion of gas and solids, and is widely used to interpret exoplanet observations. However, no direct probes of the scenario have been discussed yet. Here, we introduce an onion-like model as one idealization of sequential accretion and propose that bulk and atmospheric metallicities of exoplanets can be used as direct probes of the process. Our analytical calculations, coupled with observational data, demonstrate that the trend of observed exoplanets supports the sequential accretion hypothesis. In particular, accretion of planetesimals that are ≳100 km in size is most favored to consistently explain the observed trends. The importance of opening gaps in both planetesimal and gas disks following planetary growth is also identified. A new classification is proposed, wherein most observed planets are classified into two interior statuses: globally mixed and locally (well) mixed. Explicit identification of the locally (well) mixed status enables reliable verification of sequential accretion. During the JWST era, the quality and volume of observational data will increase drastically and improve exoplanet characterization. This work provides one key reference of how both the bulk and atmospheric metallicities can be used to constrain gas and solid accretion mechanisms of planets.
No Pulsar Timing Noise from Brownian Motion of the Sun
Authors: Cline James M.
Published: September 2024

It was recently claimed that evidence for a stochastic gravitational wave background observed by pulsar timing arrays can be attributed instead to random perturbations of the Sun’s motion by transiting asteroids. I show that that this would lead to a large dipole component accompanying a much smaller quadrupolar perturbation of pulsar timing signals, which would not be confused with a gravitational wave signal. Such an anomalous dipole would have been detected and identified as a spurious background by the PTA collaborations, if it existed.
Length–weight relations of underutilized nine fish species (Actinopterygii) from set-net fishery, Mie, Japan
Authors: Kato Mio , Kawano Yutaro , Kanaiwa Minoru
Published: September 2024

Bycatch, the unintentional capture of non-target species, poses a significant challenge in fisheries management worldwide. Underutilized bycatch species often lack biological information, hindering the assessment of their stock status and the implementation of appropriate management strategies. This study investigated the length–weight relations (LWRs) of 9 of 14 underutilized bycatch fish species collected from set-net fisheries in Nishiki, Mie Prefecture, Japan, during the 2018–2020 fishing seasons. The following fish species were studied: Hyperoglyphe japonica (Döderlein, 1884); Labracoglossa argenteiventris Peters, 1866; Macroramphosus sagifue Jordan et Starks, 1902; Microcanthus strigatus (Cuvier, 1831); Ostorhinchus semilineatus (Temminck et Schlegel, 1843); Parapriacanthus ransonneti Steindachner, 1870; Rexea prometheoides (Bleeker, 1856); Siganus fuscescens (Houttuyn, 1782); Upeneus japonicus (Houttuyn, 1782). A total of 251 fishing operations were conducted, and the collected fish specimens were measured for length (fork length) and wet weight. Simple regression analysis was performed on the logarithm of length and weight data to estimate the LWR parameters (a, b, and R2) for each species. The estimated values of the relative growth coefficient (b) ranged from 2.862 to 3.311, and the coefficients of determination (R2) were above 0.8 for all species, indicating robust LWR estimations. Notably, five species were not previously listed or credibly described in FishBase, and four were new records for the Japanese coast. This study provides new biological information on LWRs for underutilized bycatch fish species, contributing to our understanding of their population dynamics and supporting future management efforts for sustainable fisheries and biodiversity conservation.