bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The importance of stock selection for improving transplantation efficiency
Authors: Alder Al , Jeffs Andrew G. , Hillman Jenny R.
Published: September 2021

The restoration of shellfish reefs to soft‐sediment environments often relies on the translocation of donor stock, typically from aquaculture, to the seafloor. In New Zealand, subadult green‐lipped mussels (Perna canaliculus) grown on subtidal aquaculture long‐lines are being considered over adult conspecifics to increase restoration efficiency but are currently limited by predation and hydrodynamic dislodgment following transfer to the seabed. In this study, the survival of subadult mussels from five different sources representing a range of growth conditions (i.e. subtidal aquaculture long‐lines 1 and 2, subtidal shellfish aquaculture baskets 1, wild intertidal reefs 1 and 2) were compared across separate translocations (1 and 2) to see if careful consideration of stock source could improve subadult mussel survival following transfer to the seafloor. Mussel morphology (shell strength, attachment thread structure) and clumping behavior (perimeter:area ratios, clump densities, clump complexity) were compared among populations to explain relationships among prior stock growth conditions, mussel size, and survival. Following experimental translocations, high survival (>90%) was closely related to decreases in perimeter:area ratios of mussel clumps and increases in clump complexity. High survival groups of mussels were selected from stock with high shell compression strength (subtidal aquaculture long‐line 2, 95.5% survival), greater attachment thread number and thickness (aquaculture basket 1, 92.3% survival), or some combination of the two (wild intertidal reef 2, 99.3% survival). This study supports further consideration for incorporating subadult mussels into restoration provided they are selected from sources that produce individuals with the resistant characteristics outlined in this study.
Restoration objectives create surface carbon cycle trade‐offs in coastal habitats
Authors: Oberle Brad , Breithaupt Joshua , McTigue Angela M. , Stryker Race , Cladas Misty , Raulerson Gary , Young Darcy F.
Published: September 2021

Coastal habitats are important and imperiled. To mitigate climate change impacts, carbon (C) sequestration has joined established restoration objectives, including habitat diversity, public access, and native vegetation. Changing topography, maintaining trails, and removing invasive plants may influence coastal C production and retention in different ways depending on how each activity influences the stabilization of organic matter in surface sediments. We quantified variation in litter and surface soil dynamics within and between coastal parks that varied in age from prerestoration to nearly 20 years old in Manatee County, Florida. Older parks had deeper soil organic horizons with higher levels of soil moisture and respiration, indicating that restoration sequesters soil C despite increases in microbial efficiency. However, variation within parks indicated that detrital C dynamics change depending on local management objectives. Relative to unmanaged locations, restored wetlands, including mangroves, salt marshes, and freshwater ponds, had soil organic horizons nearly 20 cm deeper, with high litter stabilization rates despite less litter mass and shorter projected soil sample C mineralization. In contrast, public access features like trails and kayak launches were associated with increased surface CO2 efflux and marginally reduced soil organic horizon depth. Removing invasives had little impact on detrital carbon pools and fluxes. Incorporating detrital C dynamics improved a multivariate model for variation in C pool sizes across sites. Overall, our results suggest that management objectives influence the C production and retention capacity of restored coastal habitats with restored uplands and public access points storing less C than relatively inaccessible wetlands.
A practical approach to dental care for patients with Wolf‐Hirschhorn syndrome
Authors: Serrano Martín Candela , Fernández Feijoo Javier , García Mato Eliane , Varela Aneiros Iván , Diniz Freitas Marcio , Vázquez García Emma , Limeres Posse Jacobo
Published: September 2021

Wolf‐Hirschhorn syndrome is a polymalformative chromosomal disorder caused by a deletion in the distal region of the short arm of chromosome 4. The disease is considered rare (1/50,000 births) and predominantly affects females (2:1). In addition to the characteristic facial phenotype (“Greek warrior helmet”), its clinical manifestations include epilepsy, developmental and psychomotor delay, intellectual disability, cardiac and respiratory complications, and eating problems. The most prevalent oral manifestations are hypodontia, delayed tooth eruption, morphological dental abnormalities, dental malocclusions, cleft lip/palate and ogival palate. Based on our clinical experience, Wolf‐Hirschhorn syndrome does not represent an absolute contraindication for any type of dental procedure. The feasibility of dental treatment will depend mainly on the degree of epilepsy control and on the level of collaboration, this latter conditioned by the severity of the intellectual disability and communication difficulties.
Dental implants in individuals living with HIV‐1: Results from a prospective study in patients undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Vidal Fábio , Peres Rafael Vidal , de Souza Rodrigo Carvalho , Gonçalves Cristiane , Pavan Priscila , Gonçalves Lucio Souza
Published: September 2021

Objective

To assess survival and success rates of dental implants and the occurrence of peri‐implant diseases (mucositis/peri‐implantitis) in HIV‐1‐infected individuals.

Material and methods

In this prospective study, 13 HIV‐1‐infected individuals undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy (with undetectable plasma HIV RNA levels, and CD4+ T cells > 350/mm3) were followed after implant placement, as well as 13 non‐HIV‐1‐infected matched controls. Patients enrolled in this study were followed up to 120 months (mean = 40.6 months; standard deviation = 22.2; range 18 –120 months). Twenty‐five implants were placed in pristine healed sites for each group and bone augmentation procedures, when needed, were done only for contour augmentation. Patients were enrolled in a strict periodontal/peri‐implant supportive therapy protocol with three recalls per year. The two groups were compared regarding subject‐level characteristics (age, gender, smoking, diabetes) and implant‐level characteristics (marginal bone level, peri‐implant health status).

Results

All the implants healed uneventfully and reached 100% survival rates (after at least 18 months) in both groups. There were no significant differences between groups for peri‐implant diseases (mucositis/peri‐implantitis) and for all subject‐level co‐variables (p > .05). Only the variables dental implant prosthesis type (DIPT) (p = .021, d = .86) and follow up (p = .011, d = .77) showed statistically significant differences between groups.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that well‐controlled HIV‐1‐infected individuals are eligible to undergo implant therapy, achieving survival and success rates comparable to non‐HIV‐1‐infected controls.
Non‐palimpsested crowded Skolithos ichnofabrics in a Carboniferous tidal rhythmite: Disentangling ecological signatures from the spatio‐temporal bias of outcrop
Authors: Allport Hamilton A. , Davies Neil S. , Shillito Anthony P. , Mitchell Emily G. , Herron Seán T.
Published: September 2021

A heterolithic tidalite succession yielding spring–neap bundles is newly reported from a mid‐Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) section of the Alston Formation of Northumberland, England. The rhythmite records deposition over an interval that can be confidently calibrated to at least 84 lunar days, and attests to a non‐negligible tidal range in parts of the Northwest European Seaway in the late Mississippian. The tidalite is notable for the presence of a striking crowded Skolithos ichnofabric on both bedding planes and in vertical section. Bedding plane expressions of the ichnofabric reveal true substrates of sand piles excavated during burrow construction, in addition to an apparently remarkable equal spacing between individual burrows that is shown to be genuine through pair correlation function analysis. These characteristics show that the burrowed horizons were registered by contemporaneous ichnocoenoses, with no palimpsesting of burrows. The irregular vertical distribution of burrow horizons, despite a near‐continuous semi‐diurnal record of sedimentation, is suggested to be an artefact of spatial patchiness of burrowing communities in the depositional environment; imperfectly registered in a vertical profile with high‐temporal, low‐spatial resolution. The succession proves that burrow palimpsesting is not an inevitable ichnological conclusion of sedimentary stasis, and attests to intermittent palaeoecological fidelity of the stratigraphic record at the small spatio‐temporal scales recorded at outcrop.
Physical activity spectrum discriminant analysis—A method to compare detailed patterns between groups
Authors: Fridolfsson Jonatan , Arvidsson Daniel , Andersen Lars Bo , Thorsson Ola , Wollmer Per , Rosengren Björn , Karlsson Magnus K. , Dencker Magnus
Published: September 2021

Investigating physical activity (PA) patterns as a detailed intensity spectrum instead of crude intensity categories have improved the ability to analyze the relationship between measured PA and health variables. The aim of this methodological study was to introduce and investigate the utility of using detailed PA intensity spectrum compared to crude PA intensity categories for comparison of PA between groups and between repeated measures. The study sample consisted of two groups of children, where one group was scheduled for extended physical education (PE) by daily classes while the other group followed usual PE schedule. Accelerometer data was processed into traditional crude PA intensity categories and into detailed PA intensity spectrum. Multivariate partial least squares regression for discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) was applied for PA intensity spectrum group comparison and compared to traditional univariate statistical analysis. Repeated measures were investigated using independent PLS‐DA as well as multilevel PLS‐DA for paired analysis. While traditional analysis of crude PA intensity categories was unable to find any group differences, multivariate analysis of the PA intensity spectrum identified statistically significant differences. By the extension of multilevel PLS‐DA for paired comparison, a clear difference in the PA intensity spectrum was demonstrated between repeated measures. In conclusion, analysis of detailed PA intensity spectrum demonstrates utility for comparing detailed PA data between groups and between repeated measures in interventional and observational research.
Ectopic expression of OsJAZ6, which interacts with OsJAZ1, alters JA signaling and spikelet development in rice
Authors: Cao Lichun , Tian Jiaqi , Liu Yilin , Chen Xiaofei , Li Siqi , Persson Staffan , Lu Dan , Chen Mingjiao , Luo Zhijing , Zhang Dabing , Yuan Zheng
Published: September 2021

Jasmonates (JAs) are key phytohormones that regulate plant responses and development. JASMONATE‐ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins safeguard JA signaling by repressing JA‐responsive gene expression in the absence of JA. However, the interaction and cooperative roles of JAZ repressors remain unclear during plant development. Here, we found that OsJAZ6 interacts with OsJAZ1 depending on a single amino acid in the so‐called ZIM domain of OsJAZ6 in rice JA signaling transduction and JA‐regulated rice spikelet development. In vivo protein distribution analysis revealed that the OsJAZ6 content is efficiently regulated during spikelet development, and biochemical and genetic evidence showed that OsJAZ6 is more sensitive to JA‐mediated degradation than OsJAZ1. Through over‐ and mis‐expression experiments, we further showed that the protein stability and levels of OsJAZ6 orchestrate the output of JA signaling during rice spikelet development. A possible mechanism, which outlines how OsJAZ repressors interact and function synergistically in specifying JA signaling output through degradation titration, is also discussed.
Regulatory functions of ROS dynamics via glutathione metabolism and glutathione peroxidase activity in developing rice zygote
Authors: Rattanawong Kasidit , Koiso Narumi , Toda Erika , Kinoshita Atsuko , Tanaka Mari , Tsuji Hiroyuki , Okamoto Takashi
Published: September 2021

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play essential roles in plant development and environmental stress responses. In this study, ROS dynamics, the glutathione redox status, the expression and subcellular localization of glutathione peroxidases (GPXs), and the effects of inhibitors of ROS‐mediated metabolism were investigated along with fertilization and early zygotic embryogenesis in rice (Oryza sativa). Zygotes and early embryos exhibited developmental arrest upon inhibition of ROS production. Egg cells accumulated high ROS levels, and, after fertilization, intracellular ROS levels progressively declined in zygotes in which de novo expression of GPX1 and 3 was observed through upregulation of the genes. In addition to inhibition of GPX activity, depletion of glutathione impeded early embryonic development and led to failure of the zygote to appropriately decrease H2O2 levels. Moreover, through monitoring of the glutathione redox status, the developing zygotes exhibited a progressive glutathione oxidation, which became extremely delayed under inhibited GPX activity. Our results provide insights into the importance of ROS dynamics, GPX antioxidant activity, and glutathione redox metabolism during zygotic/embryonic development.
Collage: Intimate Black geographies
Authors: Télémanque Nathaniel , Jones Naya , Hirsch Lioba , Gayle Rita
Published: September 2021

As part of the tribute for this Themed Intervention, this collage reflects on the loss of loved ones during the COVID‐19 pandemic and on the impact of on‐going environmental crises. We also reflect on ancestors, practices, and places that have fortified us during this time. In this collaborative visual archive, we document what was happening in the near past as we crafted our contributions for this collection. At the same time, this collage underscores the Black intimate geographies we have lived and the intimacy we practised in the course of its making.
NY‐LON 2020: The changing relations between London and New York in corporate globalisation
Authors: Taylor Peter J. , Derudder Ben
Published: September 2021

London and New York are the leading cities in the world of corporate globalisation: their financial, professional, and creative services are at the centre of the commercial connections that constitute the world city network. The relations between the two cities are more complementary than competitive, commonly indicated by the concept of NY‐LON as a trans‐oceanic service conglomerate for facilitating economic globalisation. However, world city network analysis shows London growing its overall servicing connectivity more than New York. This change in the inter‐city relation is investigated through focus on the service connectivity and agglomeration capacities of the two cities. It is found that they share a very similar connectivity regional profile while simultaneously showing stark differences in their service agglomeration sector profiles. This is shown to be the result of London gaining the rapidly growing super‐rich servicing market. Thus while New York continues its long‐term production of financial innovations, London has grown an offshore platform for global capital specifically in the form of the world’s money management centre.
Atmospheric conditioning: Airport automation, labour and the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Lin Weiqiang
Published: September 2021

This paper contributes to debates on human–technologies relations and labour geographies. It thinks through how the adoption of automation is mediated by the conditioning effects of atmospheres in space. Taking the occassion of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the paper presents a case of how atmospheres are capable of determining the trajectories of automation, and providing the guiding backdrop for technological (un)development. Drawing on 40 semi‐structured interviews conducted with airport labour in Singapore in 2020 at the height of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the paper offers an analysis of how airport workers variously and viscerally capitulate to, abandon, and/or desire to collaborate with automation, in ways that are both unstable and atmospherically implicated. To the extent that these affective responses have the potential to change the course of technological and labour futures in airport infrastructures, atmospheres — especially those deliberately advocated by the state and airport management — are also a political force to be reckoned with. The paper concludes with a discussion on how a focus on atmospheres can push geographic research on automation in productive and interesting directions. It views automation not just as a collection of abstract artefacts, but projects constantly subject to the conditioning effects of invisible atmospheres.
Exploring the Effectiveness of Providing Structured Design-for-the-Environment Strategies During Conceptual Design
Authors: Ross Donovan , Ferrero Vincenzo , DuPont Bryony
Published: September 2021

The fuzzy front end of engineering design can present a difficult challenge, and as such, recent engineering design research has focused on guiding and influencing the way a designer ideates. Early ideation can be especially difficult when attempting to integrate specific design objectives in product design, called Design for X (DfX). This paper presents two experiments exploring the efficacy of a structured Design for the Environment (DfE) design method called the Guidelines and Regulations for Early design for the Environment (GREEn) Quiz that provides designers with sustainable design knowledge during the conceptual design phase. The GREEn Quiz operates on a web-based platform and queries the designer about their design concepts; an end-of-quiz report provides abstract DfE knowledge to designers. While this abstract knowledge was able to be applied by designers in a former study, we hypothesize that providing targeted, specific design strategies during conceptual design will enable novice designers to better integrate DfE. In this study, we created these DfE strategies, integrated these into the GREEn Quiz, and studied the efficacy of these strategies when presented to designers at both the expert and novice levels. Results suggest that respondents with access to the strategy-based GREEn Quiz produced concepts with evidence of a broader range of sustainable design decisions and higher solution quality scores. This work shows the promise of supplemental DfE methods for concept generation to enable the design of more environmentally sustainable products.
Biosynthesis of Amyl Alcohol From Scenedesmus quadricauda Microalgae for Light Commercial Vehicle Compression Ignition Engine Using Prediction Models
Authors: Jacob Ashwin , Ashok B.
Published: September 2021

Third-generation feedstocks and its constituent biofuels have shown promising results in the light of sustainable production and as a feasible fuel source for internal combustion (IC) engines. Hence, in this study, a third-generation microalgae feedstock (Scenedesmus quadricauda) biomass was cultivated sustainably using an in situ tubular photo bioreactor and raceway pond to synthesize quintet carbon chained amyl alcohol using Ehrlich biosynthetic pathway. On analyzing the synthesized amyl alcohol, a homogenous mixture of a 20% (vol/vol) amyl alcohol-diesel blend showed similarities with conventional diesel in their physio-chemical properties. This potential fuel source was analyzed though systematic experimentation at maximum throttle position condition in a light commercial vehicle compression ignition engine. The conducted experiments were directed by response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with central composite design (CCD) which delivered a set of influential and interactive responses on engine testing. At optimal operating condition, 0.7% rise in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and an increased specific fuel consumption of 5.6% is reported due to the lower heating value of the biofuel. Furthermore, a 55.8% and 5.4% drop in smoke and carbon monoxide emissions is observed. However, oxides of nitrogen emission increases by 31.7% for biofuel operation as a tradeoff for the improved combustion characteristics achieved.
Protein-coding repeat polymorphisms strongly shape diverse human phenotypes
Authors: Mukamel Ronen E. , Handsaker Robert E. , Sherman Maxwell A. , Barton Alison R. , Zheng Yiming , McCarroll Steven A. , Loh Po-Ru
Published: September 2021

Repeats associated with phenotype

The degree to which repeated sequences within a genome affect human phenotypes has been difficult to establish. Mukamel
et al
. examined thousands of genomes in the UK Biobank and found that some of the largest effects of common genetic variants on human phenotypes, including those with clinical relevance, arise from protein-coding repeat polymorphisms (see the Perspective by Gymrek and Goren). Mapping the effects of the size and copy number of these repeated protein domains links genetic variation to human phenotypes, including lipoprotein(a) concentration, height, and male pattern balding. Furthermore, the alleles and frequencies of these repeated sequences differ between individuals of African and European descent, resulting in differences between the populations with clinical relevance for traits including lipoprotein(a) levels, a risk factor for coronary artery disease. —LMZ
Defining variant-resistant epitopes targeted by SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: A global consortium study
Authors: Hastie Kathryn M. , Li Haoyang , Bedinger Daniel , Schendel Sharon L. , Dennison S. Moses , Li Kan , Rayaprolu Vamseedhar , Yu Xiaoying , Mann Colin , Zandonatti Michelle , Diaz Avalos Ruben , Zyla Dawid , Buck Tierra , Hui Sean , Shaffer Kelly , Hariharan Chitra , Yin Jieyun , Olmedillas Eduardo , Enriquez Adrian , Parekh Diptiben , Abraha Milite , Feeney Elizabeth , Horn Gillian Q. ,   CoVIC-DB team, Aldon Yoann , Ali Hanif , Aracic Sanja , Cobb Ronald R. , Federman Ross S. , Fernandez Joseph M. , Glanville Jacob , Green Robin , Grigoryan Gevorg , Lujan Hernandez Ana G. , Ho David D. , Huang Kuan-Ying A. , Ingraham John , Jiang Weidong , Kellam Paul , Kim Cheolmin , Kim Minsoo , Kim Hyeong Mi , Kong Chao , Krebs Shelly J. , Lan Fei , Lang Guojun , Lee Sooyoung , Leung Cheuk Lun , Liu Junli , Lu Yanan , MacCamy Anna , McGuire Andrew T. , Palser Anne L. , Rabbitts Terence H. , Rikhtegaran Tehrani Zahra , Sajadi Mohammad M. , Sanders Rogier W. , Sato Aaron K. , Schweizer Liang , Seo Jimin , Shen Bingqing , Snitselaar Jonne L. , Stamatatos Leonidas , Tan Yongcong , Tomic Milan T. , van Gils Marit J. , Youssef Sawsan , Yu Jian , Yuan Tom Z. , Zhang Qian , Peters Bjoern , Tomaras Georgia D. , Germann Timothy , Saphire Erica Ollmann
Published: September 2021

Community of antibodies against COVID-19

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein is the basis of many vaccines and is a primary target of neutralizing antibodies after COVID-19 infection. The Coronavirus Immunotherapeutic Consortium (CoVIC), comprising 56 partners across the world, has analyzed a panel of 269 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and, on the basis of competition profiles, sorted 186 mAbs that target the receptor binding domain into seven communities. Hastie
et al
. went on to structurally analyze representative antibody binding and used pseudovirus neutralization assays to study the effect of spike mutations on antibody function, including the combinations of mutations found in certain variants of concern. These results are important to guide both treatment and prevention efforts. —VV
Optimal Sequential Investment Decision-Making with Jump Risk
Authors: Jiang I-Ming , Liu Yu-Hong , Pakavaleetorn Sutee
Published: September 2021

This paper uses the real-option approach to find the optimal amount and time of investment in a real project. This approach is better than the net present value approach because it captures the uncertainty in the future expected cash flow. The real option has been applied to many industries; for example, oil and gas, telecommunications, and large-scale energy projects. The model introduced in this paper adds two features to the standard real options. The first feature is the two-stage investment. In reality, it is common for the project manager to not invest all budget at once. The second feature is the early termination event. The finding is that such a sudden death event causes the waiting period to be longer for both one-stage and two-stage investments. With low volatility, the lower optimal investment proportion of the total project budget is expected, when the mean arrival rate of the jump downside risk is higher. With medium or higher volatility, the higher optimal proportion is associated with a higher probability of jump risk. When the rate of one-time event is constant, volatility increases the optimal investment amount and increases the waiting time. The project has more value when the investment is divided into two stages rather than one stage. All other things being equal, the waiting time of one-stage is shorter than the waiting time of the first stage but longer than that of the second stage.
General Inexact Primal-Dual Hybrid Gradient Methods for Saddle-Point Problems and Convergence Analysis
Authors: Wu Zhongming , Li Min
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we focus on the primal-dual hybrid gradient (PDHG) method, which is being widely used to solve a broad spectrum of saddle-point problems. Despite of its wide applications in different areas, the study of inexact versions of PDHG still seems to be in its infancy. We investigate how to design implementable inexactness criteria for solving the subproblems in PDHG scheme so that the convergence of an inexact PDHG can be guaranteed. We propose two specific inexactness criteria and accordingly some inexact PDHG methods for saddle-point problems. The convergence of both inexact PDHG methods is rigorously proved, and their convergence rates are estimated under different scenarios. Moreover, some numerical results on image restoration problems are reported to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed methods.
MIXED MULTIFRACTAL DENSITIES FOR QUASI-AHLFORS VECTOR-VALUED MEASURES
Authors: MABROUK ANOUAR BEN , FARHAT ADEL
Published: September 2021

In this work, some density estimations associated to vector-valued quasi-Ahlfors measures are developed within the mixed multifractal analysis framework. The principle idea reposes on the fact that being quasi-Ahlfors is sufficient to conduct a mixed multifractal analysis for vector-valued measures. In this work, we introduced a multifractal density for finitely many measures, and showed that such density may be estimated well by means of the mixed multifractal measures. Such estimation induces an exact computation of multifractal spectrum of the vector-valued quasi-Ahlfors measure.
Nash Equilibrium Points for Generalized Matrix Game Model with Interval Payoffs
Authors: Bhurjee Ajay Kumar , Yadav Vinay
Published: September 2021

Game theory-based models are widely used to solve multiple competitive problems such as oligopolistic competitions, marketing of new products, promotion of existing products competitions, and election presage. The payoffs of these competitive models have been conventionally considered as deterministic. However, these payoffs have ambiguity due to the uncertainty in the data sets. Interval analysis-based approaches are found to be efficient to tackle such uncertainty in data sets. In these approaches, the payoffs of the game model lie in some closed interval, which are estimated by previous information. The present paper considers a multiple player game model in which payoffs are uncertain and varies in a closed intervals. The necessary and sufficient conditions are explained to discuss the existence of Nash equilibrium point of such game models. Moreover, Nash equilibrium point of the model is obtained by solving a crisp bi-linear optimization problem. The developed methodology is further applied for obtaining the possible optimal strategy to win the parliament election presage problem.
The Role of Compensation as a Determinant of Employee Performance and Employee Job Satisfaction: A Study in PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk.
Authors: Hutahayan Benny
Published: September 2021

This paper conducts a more in-depth study of employee performance to connect with compensation and job satisfaction and the work environment of employees in PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. (BRI). This research was conducted at PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. operating in Indonesia. The research population was all employees of the Branch Offices of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. spread over in Sumatera, Jawa, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Bali and Jayapura. The sample was collected using Proportional Random Sampling Stratified from six locations spread throughout Indonesia. Considering the wide area, the sampling technique is adjusted to the area, so sampling is based on the island as a sub-population. The sample of this study was 212 employees. This amount has met the minimum sampling requirements if using the Generalised Structural Component Analysis (GSCA) method. Compensation does not directly affect employee performance. Working environment directly influences the employee performance in PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. There is an influence of compensation and working environment on job satisfaction and employee performance in PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. The leader of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. should improve employees’ performance by taking into account the improvement of compensation which includes the suitability of wages and salaries, incentives, benefits and facilities with their performance.
Prediction and validation of avascular tumor growth pattern in different metabolic conditions using in silico and in vitro models
Authors: Heidari Mahshid , Kabiri Mahboubeh
Published: September 2021

Objectives: In recent years, scientists have taken many efforts for in vitro and in silico modeling of cancerous tumors. In fact, three-dimensional (3D) cultures of multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs) are good validators for computational results. The goal of this study is to simulate the 3D early growth of avascular tumors using MCTSs and to compare the in vitro models with the results and predictions of a specific computational modeling framework. Using these two types of models, the importance of metabolic condition on tumor growth behavior and necrosis could be predicted. Materials and methods: We took advantage of a previously developed computational model of tumor growth (constructed by integrating a generic metabolic network model of cancer cells with a multiscale agent-based framework). Among the computational predictions is the importance of glucose accessibility on tumor growth behavior. To study the effect of glucose concentration experimentally, MCTSs were grown in high and low glucose culture media. After that, tumor growth pattern was analyzed by MTT assay, cell counting and propidium iodide (PI) staining. Results: We obviously observed that the rate of necrosis increases and the rate of tumor growth and cell activity decreases as the glucose availability reduces, which is in line with the computational model prediction.
Spherical functions and local densities on the space of p-adic quaternion Hermitian forms
Authors: Hironaka Yumiko
Published: September 2021

We introduce the space [Formula: see text] of quaternion Hermitian forms of size [Formula: see text] on a [Formula: see text]-adic field with odd residual characteristic, and define typical spherical functions [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] and give their induction formula on sizes by using local densities of quaternion Hermitian forms. Then, we give functional equation of spherical functions with respect to [Formula: see text], and define a spherical Fourier transform on the Schwartz space [Formula: see text] which is Hecke algebra [Formula: see text]-injective map into the symmetric Laurent polynomial ring of size [Formula: see text]. Then, we determine the explicit formulas of [Formula: see text] by a method of the author’s former result. In the last section, we give precise generators of [Formula: see text] and determine all the spherical functions for [Formula: see text], and give the Plancherel formula for [Formula: see text].
A new extension of Kannan’s fixed point theorem via F-contraction with application to integral equations
Authors: Debnath Pradip
Published: September 2021

Our aim is to introduce an updated and real generalization of Kannan’s fixed point theorem with the help of [Formula: see text]-contraction introduced by Wardowski for single-valued mappings. Our result can be useful to ascertain the existence of fixed point for a family of mappings for which neither the Wardowski’s result nor that of Kannan can be applied directly. Our result has been applied to solve a particular type of integral equation. Finally, we establish a Reich-type extended version of the main result.
Summand intersection property of modules via z-closed submodules
Authors: Mutlu Figen Takil , Tercan Adnan
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we define a module [Formula: see text] to be [Formula: see text] if and only if intersection of each pair of [Formula: see text]-closed direct summands is also a direct summand of [Formula: see text]. We investigate structural properties of [Formula: see text]-modules and locate the implications between the other module properties which are essentially based on direct summands. We deal with decomposition theory as well as direct summands of [Formula: see text]-modules. We apply our results to matrix rings. To this end, it is obtained that the [Formula: see text] property is not Morita invariant.
IMPACTS OF REMITTANCES ON EXCHANGE RATES AND NET EXPORT
Authors: AZIZI SEYEDSOROOSH
Published: September 2021

This study investigates the impacts of workers’ remittances on real exchange rates and net export by using data for 101 developing countries from 1990 to 2015. One challenge in addressing the impacts of remittances on real exchange rates is the endogeneity of remittances. To address the endogeneity of remittances, we estimate bilateral remittances and use them to create weighted indicators of remittance-sending countries. These weighted indicators are used as instruments for remittance inflow to remittance-receiving countries. Results obtained in this study indicate that remittances lead to real exchange rates appreciation and net export reduction in remittance-receiving countries.
An Explorative Analysis on the Machine-Vision-Based Disease Recognition of Three Available Fruits of Bangladesh
Authors: Habib Md. Tarek , Mia Md. Jueal , Uddin Mohammad Shorif , Ahmed Farruk
Published: September 2021

Bangladesh, being a densely populated country, hinges on agriculture for the security of finance and food to a large extent. Hence, both the fruits’ quantity and quality turn out to be very important, which can be degraded due to the attacks of various diseases. Automated fruit disease recognition can help fruit farmers, especially remote farmers, for whom adequate cultivation support is required. Two daunting problems, namely disease detection, and disease classification are raised by automated fruit disease recognition. In this research, we conduct an intense investigation of the applicability of automated recognition of the diseases of three available Bangladeshi local fruits, viz. guava, jackfruit, and papaya. After exerting four notable segmentation algorithms, [Formula: see text]-means clustering segmentation algorithm is selected to segregate the disease-contaminated parts from a fruit image. Then some discriminatory features are extracted from these disease-contaminated parts. Nine noteworthy classification algorithms are applied for disease classification to thoroughly get the measure of their merits. It is observed that random forest outperforms the eight other classifiers by disclosing an accuracy of 96.8% and 89.59% for guava and jackfruit, respectively, whereas support vector machine attains an accuracy of 94.9% for papaya, which can be claimed good as well as attractive for forthcoming research.
Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) as a Predictor of Ovarian Response to Clomiphene Citrate in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Munira Serajoom , Banu Jesmine , Ishrat Shakeela , Shume Mehnaz Mustary , Uddin Muhammad Jasim , Sultana Sabiha
Published: September 2021

Background: Serum Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are two- to threefold higher than in ovulatory women with normal ovaries, corresponding to the two- to threefold increase in the number of small follicles in PCOS. The increased AMH has been hypothesized to reduce follicle sensitivity to follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol production, thus preventing follicle selection, resulting in follicular arrest at the small antral phase with failure of dominance.

Objective: The study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that high AMH level is associated with poor response to ovulation induction in PCOS women.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional comparative study of 50 infertile women with PCOS, grouped into those with AMH level <8 ng/mL and those with AMH level [Formula: see text] 8 ng/mL. All participants received an initial dose of 100 mg/day of clomiphene citrate from 2nd to 6th day of menstrual cycle. Ovarian response (follicle size) was assessed by transvaginal monitoring on 12th day of cycle.

Results: A total of 50 women were recruited, of which 4 dropped out. Women with AMH [Formula: see text] 8 ng/mL comprised only 23.91% of the PCOS women. AMH and day 12 follicle size had a statistically significant association. Adjusting for other confounding variables in linear, logarithmic, and logistic analysis, serum AMH had significant negative relationship with follicle size (r = 0.511, p < 0.001). AMH was also positively correlated with serum LH, testosterone and negatively correlated with serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), serum TSH and BMI.

Conclusion: We observed that higher AMH level women had poor response to ovulation induction compared to women with low AMH level.
A Cross-Lingual Speech Synthesis System of Malay and Indonesian Based on HMM–DNN
Authors: Chen Feng , Yang Jian , Zhao Lixuan
Published: September 2021

English as a second language is widely used in countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia, and it is common for English words to appear in Malay and Indonesian sentences. Malay and Indonesian have high homology and relatively few electronic language resources. We combine the corpus datasets of these two similar languages to design and implement a HMM–DNN-based cross-lingual speech synthesis system for Malay (including English words) and Indonesian (including English words). The methods used include: sharing synthesis units between Malay, Indonesian, and English, designing unified context attributes and question set in the process of acoustic model training, speaker-adaptive training with speech corpus of these three languages, and synthesizing speech using speaker-dependent Malay and Indonesian acoustic models. Experimental results show that the speech synthesis quality of the system is better than the traditional Hidden Markov model-based cross-lingual speech synthesis system.
Crashproofing the Original NoSQL Key-Value Store
Authors: Kelly Terence
Published: September 2021

Fortifying software to protect persistent data from crashes can be remarkably easy if a modern file system handles the heavy lifting. This episode of Drill Bits unveils a new crash-tolerance mechanism that vaults the venerable gdbm database into the league of transactional NoSQL data stores. We'll motivate this upgrade by tracing gdbm's history. We'll survey the subtle science of crashproofing, navigating a minefield of traps for the unwary. We'll arrive at a compact and rugged design that leverages modern file-system features, and we'll tour the production-ready implementation of this design and its ergonomic interface. This new approach is quite generic: It can enable a wide range of software to tolerate crashes.
Acute cellular and molecular responses and chronic adaptations to low-load blood flow restriction and high-load resistance exercise in trained individuals
Authors: Davids Charlie J. , Næss Tore C. , Moen Maria , Cumming Kristoffer T. , Horwath Oscar , Psilander Niklas , Ekblom Björn , Coombes Jeff S. , Peake Jonathan , Raastad Truls , Roberts Llion A.
Published: September 2021

Low-load resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (LL-BFR) is an effective method for stimulating muscular adaptations, but phenotypical and mechanistic comparisons with traditional high-load training (HL-RT) in trained populations are scarce. The findings indicate that hypertrophy, but not strength, is comparable between LL-BFR and HL-RT, and the acute cellular and molecular processes for hypertrophy were similar, but not identical, between protocols. Thus, LL-BFR is an effective alternative to HL-RT for obtaining hypertrophy in trained populations.
Challenges Faced by Clinicians in the Personalized Treatment Planning: A Literature Review and the First Results of the Russian National Cancer Program
Authors: Shegai P. V. , Shatalov P. A. , Zabolotneva A. A. , Falaleeva N. A. , Ivanov S. A. , Kaprin A. D.
Published: September 2021

Advances in cancer molecular profiling have enabled the development of more effective approaches to the diagnosis and personalized treatment of tumors. However, treatment planning has become more labor intensive, requiring hours or even days of clinician effort to optimize an individual patient case in a trial-and-error manner. Lessons learned from the world cancer programs provide insights into ways to develop approaches for the treatment strategy definition which can be introduced into clinical practice. This article highlights the variety of breakthroughs in patients’ cancer treatment and some challenges that this field faces now in Russia. In this report, we consider the key characteristics for planning an optimal clinical treatment regimen and which should be included in the algorithm of clinical decision support systems. We discuss the perspectives of implementing artificial intelligence-based systems in cancer treatment planning in Russia.
PP2 Ameliorates Renal Fibrosis by Regulating the NF‐κB/COX‐2 and PPARγ/UCP2 Pathway in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Wei Jinying , Deng Xinna , Li Yang , Li Runmei , Yang Zhaohua , Li Xiuyuan , Song Shan , Shi Yonghong , Duan Huijun , Wu Haijiang
Published: September 2021

Renal fibrosis is characterized by glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy (DN). We aimed to evaluate the effects of PP2 on renal fibrosis of DN. GSE33744 and GSE86300 were downloaded from the GEO database. Firstly, 839 DEGs were identified between nondiabetic and diabetic mice renal glomerular samples. COX‐2 was selected to assess the effects of PP2 on renal glomerulosclerosis. In db/db mice, PP2 decreased the expression of COX‐2, phosphorylated p65, and fibrotic proteins, accompanied with attenuated renal glomerulosclerosis. In cultured glomerular mesangial cells, high glucose‐ (HG‐) induced p65 phosphorylation and COX‐2 expression were attenuated by PP2 or NF‐κB inhibitor PDTC. PP2, PDTC, or COX‐2 inhibitor NS‐398 ameliorated abnormal proliferation and expression of fibrotic proteins induced by HG. Secondly, 238 DEGs were identified between nondiabetic and diabetic mice renal cortex samples. UCP2 was selected to assess the effects of PP2 on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In db/db mice, PP2 decreased the expression of PPARγ and UCP2, accompanied with attenuated renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and EMT. In cultured proximal tubular cells, HG‐induced PPARγ and UCP2 expression was inhibited by PP2 or PPARγ antagonist GW9662. PP2, GW9662, or UCP2 shRNA ameliorated HG‐induced EMT. These results indicated that PP2 ameliorated renal fibrosis in diabetic mice.
Inflammation-Induced Metastatic Colonization of the Lung Is Facilitated by Hepatocyte Growth Factor-Secreting Monocyte-Derived Macrophages
Authors: Arif Arif A. , Huang Yu-Hsuan , Freeman Spencer A. , Atif Jawairia , Dean Pamela , Lai Jacqueline C.Y. , Blanchet Marie-Renee , Wiegand Kimberly C. , McNagny Kelly M. , Underhill T. Michael , Gold Michael R. , Johnson Pauline , Roskelley Calvin D.
Published: September 2021

A rate-limiting step for circulating tumor cells to colonize distant organ sites is their ability to locate a microenvironmental niche that supports their survival and growth. This can be achieved by features intrinsic to the tumor cells and/or by the conditioning of a “premetastatic” niche. To determine if pulmonary inflammation promotes the latter, we initiated models for inflammatory asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, or bleomycin-induced sterile inflammation before introducing tumor cells with low metastatic potential into the circulation. All types of inflammation increased the end-stage metastatic burden of the lungs 14 days after tumor cell inoculation without overtly affecting tumor extravasation. Instead, the number and size of early micrometastatic lesions found within the interstitial tissues 96 hours after tumor cell inoculation were increased in the inflamed lungs, coincident with increased tumor cell survival and the presence of nearby inflammation-induced monocyte-derived macrophages (MoDM; CD11b+CD11c+). Remarkably, the adoptive transfer of these MoDM was sufficient to increase lung metastasis in the absence of inflammation. These inflammation-induced MoDM secrete a number of growth factors and cytokines, one of which is hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), that augmented tumor cell survival under conditions of stress in vitro. Importantly, blocking HGF signaling with the cMET inhibitor capmatinib abolished inflammation-induced early micrometastatic lesion formation in vivo. These findings indicate that inflammation-induced MoDM and HGF in particular increase the efficiency of early metastatic colonization in the lung by locally preconditioning the microenvironment.

Implications:

Inflammation preconditions the distant site microenvironment to increase the metastatic potential of tumor cells that arrive there.
Characteristics of Perovskite Solar Cells with ZnGa2O4:Mn Phosphor Mixed Polyvinylidene Fluoride Down-Conversion Layer
Authors: Hwang Ji Yong , Kim II Tae , Choi Hyung Wook
Published: September 2021

To reduce the manufacturing cost of perovskite solar cells, soda-lime glass and transparent conducting oxides such as indium tin oxide and fluorine-doped tin oxide are the most widely used substrates and lighttransmitting electrodes. However, the transmittance spectra of soda-lime glass,
indium tin oxide, and fluorinedoped tin oxide show that all light near and below 330 nm is absorbed; thus, with the use of these substrates, light energy near and below 330 nm cannot reach the perovskite light-absorbing layer. It is expected that the overall solar cell can be improved if the
wavelength can be adjusted to reach the perovskite solar cell absorbing layer through down-conversion of energy in the optical wavelength band. In this study, a polyvinylidene fluoride transparent film mixed with a ZnGa2O4:Mn phosphor was applied to the incident side
of the perovskite solar cell with the intent to increase the light conversion efficiency without changing the internal bandgap energy and structure. By adding a phosphor layer to the external surface of PSC exposed to incident light, the efficiency of the cell was increased by the down-conversion
of ultraviolet light (290 nm) to the visible region (509 nm) while maintaining the transmittance. To manufacture the perovskite solar cell, a TiO2-based mesoporous electron transport layer was spin-coated onto the substrate. The perovskite layer used in this experiment was CH3NH3PbI3
and was fabricated on a TiO2 layer. Spiro-OMeTAD solution was spin-coated as a hole-transport layer.