bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-Density Genotypes of Inbred Mouse Strains: Improved Power and Precision of Association Mapping
Authors: Rau Christoph D , Parks Brian , Wang Yibin , Eskin Eleazar , Simecek Petr , Churchill Gary A , Lusis Aldons J
Published: August 2015

Human genome-wide association studies have identified thousands of loci associated with disease phenotypes. Genome-wide association studies also have become feasible using rodent models and these have some important advantages over human studies, including controlled environment, access to tissues for molecular profiling, reproducible genotypes, and a wide array of techniques for experimental validation. Association mapping with common mouse inbred strains generally requires 100 or more strains to achieve sufficient power and mapping resolution; in contrast, sample sizes for human studies typically are one or more orders of magnitude greater than this. To enable well-powered studies in mice, we have generated high-density genotypes for ∼175 inbred strains of mice using the Mouse Diversity Array. These new data increase marker density by 1.9-fold, have reduced missing data rates, and provide more accurate identification of heterozygous regions compared with previous genotype data. We report the discovery of new loci from previously reported association mapping studies using the new genotype data. The data are freely available for download, and Web-based tools provide easy access for association mapping and viewing of the underlying intensity data for individual loci.
Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas clave en gestantes con hijos menores de 5 años de la ciudad de Cúcuta, 2012
Authors: Parada Rico Doris Amparo
Published: August 2015

Objetivo: Identificar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas frente al cuidado en la gestación y postparto en gestantes con  hijos menores de 5 años, en Cúcuta, durante el año 2012.

Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo descriptivo de corte transversal. La encuesta utilizada fue adoptada del cuestionario Prácticas Clave diseñado por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud en la estrategia Atención Integrada a las Enfermedades Prevalentes de la Infancia (aiepi) y modificada para la región norte santandereana por el Instituto Departamental de Salud. El instrumento fue validado a través de las pruebas estadísticas Alpha de Cronbach, correlación par-impar y corrección de R con ecuación de Spearman-Brown, permitiendo una evaluación más universal e identificando su validez y confiabilidad. La muestra del estudio fue de 301 participantes, quienes asistían al programa de control prenatal de tres unidades básicas del municipio.

Resultados: Respecto a las características
sociodemográficas, la mayoría de usuarias iniciaron su vida sexual activa en edad temprana, eran madres solteras, con escasos recursos económicos, bajo nivel educativo y convivían aún con su familia nuclear en condiciones de hacinamiento. En
las categorías conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas se encontró que las gestantes, en su mayoría, poseían conocimientos adecuados frente a su cuidado en estas etapas. Sin embargo, eran discordantes con las actitudes que asumían y las prácticas aplicadas, puesto que se veían influenciadas por la cultura, las costumbres y las creencias de familiares y amigos, lo cual puede ser lesivo y tener consecuencias
físicas, emocionales y económicas graves para ella, su hijo por nacer o recién nacido y su familia.
Sistemas estandarizados de lenguaje de la enfermería en sección de pósteres
Authors: Fagundes Karolina Vitorellli Diniz Lima , Jonas Lucélia Terra , Silva Natália Chantal Magalhães da , Souza Ana Mariele de , Cossulin Marina Bortoletto , Mendes Maria Angélica
Published: August 2015

Este trabajo reflexiona sobre la experiencia vivida en la asignatura Fundamentos de Enfermería de una institución pública del Brasil, en la cual se emplea la Sección de Pósteres
Científicos como una estrategia de enseñanza y aprendizaje. El abordaje se presentó por la constante discusión acerca de los problemas en las estrategias de enseñanza, así como por la necesidad de innovaciones en esta área. El objetivo de este estudio fue reportar la experiencia vivida por docentes de una
institución pública de la región sur del Estado de Minas Gerais, en Brasil, con la aplicación de una innovadora técnica didáctica, direccionada a alumnos de cuarto semestre de la Carrera de Enfermería. El propósito se alcanzó mediante la realización de un reporte de caso. La evaluación de la estrategia ha comprobado un alto índice de aceptación de la Sección de Pósteres por parte de los estudiantes, quienes afirmaron que se evidenció el estímulo hacia el trabajo en equipo, la mejora en la comunicación en grupos, la preparación para presentaciones en eventos y la producción de publicaciones como sus principales beneficios.
A sala de parto: o contato pele a pele e as ações para o estímulo ao vínculo entre mãe-bebê
Authors: Dos Santos Fucks Ingrid , Escobal Ana Paula , Correa Soares Marilu , KERBER Nalu , Meincke Sonia , Bordgnon Simoní
Published: August 2015

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer as experiências das puérperas adolescentes sobre o primeiro contato com seu bebê na sala de parto.

Metodologia: De abordagem qualitativa e caráter descritivo, tratase de recorte da pesquisa multicêntrica Atenção Humanizada ao Parto de Adolescentes. Fizeram parte deste
estudo dez puérperas adolescentes que tiveram seus partos no hospital participante da pesquisa no período de novembro de 2008 a novembro de 2009. Para análise dos dados, foi
utilizada a análise temática (10).

Resultados: Após análise dos dados obteve-se dois temas: O contato entre mãe-bebê na sala de parto e As ações realizadas na sala de partopara o estímulo ao vínculo mãe-bebê. Constatou-se que para algumas mães
adolescentes o primeiro contato com o bebê ocorreu na sala de parto e a ação de mais destaque na sala de parto
para estimular o vínculo da mãe com seu bebê foi a amamentação.
SIDA: sufrimiento de las personas con la enfermedad, Cartagena
Authors: Montalvo Prieto Amparo Astrid , Herrera Lián Arleth De Jesús
Published: August 2015

Estadísticas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) calculan que en el año 2010 se dieron 2,7 millones de casos nuevos de infección por vih y, según estimaciones para finales de ese mismo año, 34 millones de personas vivían con el virus. Durante la enfermedad, estas personas presentan alteraciones emocionales y padecen aislamiento, discriminación y rechazo social.

Objetivo: Identificar el grado de sufrimiento de las personas que conviven con el sida en dos instituciones de salud de Cartagena.

Método: Estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, en el que se utilizaron dos instrumentos: Caracterización socio-demográfica
y la Escala de valoración de sufrimiento con 35 ítems, que evalúa problemas prácticos, condición del paciente, problemas emocionales, preocupación religiosa/espiritual y problemas familiares.

Resultados: El promedio de edad fue de 39,2 años; el 54,81% de los encuestados era de sexo masculino; el 39,26% eran solteros y el 28,15% vivían en unión libre; el 57,78% era de procedencia urbana; sólo el 13,33% percibía
ingresos mayores a un Salario Mínimo Legal Vigente (smlv); el 25,19% tenía formación técnica; el 77,78% pertenecía a un grupo religioso; el 41,5% manifestó tener un sufrimiento máximo, el 28,9%, un sufrimiento moderado y el 29,6%, un sufrimiento bajo.

Conclusiones: El grupo en estudio presentó miedo a lo desconocido, al avance de la enfermedad y a la muerte; tristeza y angustia por el rechazo o el señalamiento. Consideraron su sufrimiento máximo y moderado,
condición que podría repercutir sobre la evolución de la enfermedad.
Doğuma hazırlık sınıfına katılan gebelerin tetanoza karşı aşılanma sıklığı ve etkileyen faktörler
Authors: Duman Nuriye Büyükkayacı , Yılmazel Gülay , Başcı Ayşe Burcu , Koçak Derya Yüksel
Published: August 2015

Amaç: Bu çalışmada doğuma hazırlık sınıflarına katılan gebelerin tetanoza karşı aşılanma sıklığı ve bunu etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışmaya Hitit Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi doğuma hazırlık sınıflarına katılan ve gebeliğinin son trimestrinde olan (36-40. haftasında olan) 100 gebe kadın katılmıştır. Literatüre dayanarak hazırlanan veri toplama formu araştırmacılar tarafından katılımcılarla Şubat-Mayıs 2012 tarihlerinde yüz yüze görüşülerek doldurulmuştur.Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan kadınların %30,0’unun tetanoz aşısı olmadıkları tespit edildi. Kadınların gebeliklerinde tetanoz aşısı yaptırmama nedenleri ise sırasıyla üşengeçlik/ihmal (%40,0), doktorun tavsiye etmemesi (%30,0), bilgisizlik (%20,0) ve bebeğe zarar gelir endişesiydi (%10,0). Yaş, eğitim düzeyi, meslek, eşin eğitim düzeyi, gelir düzeyi, telefon ile aşının hatırlatılması, doğum öncesi bakım ve doğum öncesi eğitim alma durumu ile tetanoza karşı aşılanma durumu arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmazken (p>0,05), aşı kartının olması durumu ile tetanoza karşı aşılanma durumu arasındaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu (p=0,009).Sonuç: Tetanoza karşı aşılanmayı teşvik etmek amacıyla gebe kadınlara aşı kartı ve her bir gebeye özel aşılanmaya ilişkin destekleyici eğitim ve danışmanlık verilmesi sonucuna varılmıştır.
Variköz venleri olan hasta yönetimi: Aile hekimleri ne kadar içinde?
Authors: Gümüştakım Raziye Şule , Yayla Muhteşem Erol , Sürmeligöz Onur , Yavuz Erdinç , Kırımlı Emrah , Doğan Selami
Published: August 2015

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı herhangi bir nedenle aile hekimlerine başvuran ve variköz venleri olduğu saptanan hastaların klinik ve sosyodemografik özelliklerini tanımlayarak, birinci basamakta variköz ven yönetiminin kapsamını belirlemektir.Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı desendeki bu araştırmaya Eylül 2013 - Ocak 2014 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerindeki beş aile sağlığı merkezi ve bir ilçe entegre hastanesindeki birer aile hekimliği birimine başvuran, daha önce variköz ven tanısı konmuş ya da başvuru sırasında saptanan her yaştan 103 hasta alınmıştır. Hasta bilgileri 19 soruluk bir veri toplama formunun araştırmacılar tarafından hastalarla yüz yüze görüşerek doldurulmasıyla elde edilmiştir.Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 55,0±14,7 (21-89 yaş arası) olan hastaların 26’sı (%25,2) erkek, 77’si (%74,8) kadındı. Hastaların tamamında variköz ven tanısı daha önce bir kalp-damar cerrahı tarafından konmuştu. Reçete yazdırma dışında variköz venler için aile hekimine kontrole gidilmemekteydi. Başvuru sırasında en sık ifade edilen yakınmalar bacakta ağrı (%93,2) ve bacakta şişlik (%75,2) idi. Variköz venlerin yanı sıra hastaların %36,8’inde hipertansiyon ve %20,3’ünde diyabet vardı. En sık saflaştırılmış mikronize flavonoid fraksiyonu (%23,3) ve kalsiyum besilat (%17,5) kullanan hastaların %47,6’sı hiç varis çorabı kullanmamıştı. Yaş arttıkça hastalarda daha çok yakınma görülürken (p=0,02), kontrole gitme sıklığı azalmaktaydı (p=0,004). Ayakta ağrı yakınması kadınlarda daha yaygındı (p=0,005). Daha eğitimli olanlar daha sık kontrole gitmekte (p=0,01) ve ilkokul mezunlarında (p=0,02) ve ev hanımlarında (p=0,01) başvuru sırasında daha çok yakınma görülmekteydi.Sonuç: Çalışma bölgelerinde variköz venlerin birinci basamaktaki yönetimi yetersizdir. Hastalık tanısı özgül dal uzmanlarınca konmaktadır ve hastalar birinci basamağı reçete yineleme amacıyla kullanmaktadır. Variköz venler kadınlarda erkeklere göre üç kat daha fazla görülmektedir. Yaşla birlikte öznel yakınmalar artmakta, ancak hekime kontrole gitme sıklığı azalmaktadır.
Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi öğrencilerinde duygusal zeka ve empati ilişkisi
Authors: Yeniçeri Emine Neşe , Yıldız Ece , Seydaoğulları Ayşe , Güleç Samet , Çetin Esin Sakallı , Baldemir Ercan
Published: August 2015

Amaç: Tıp eğitimi açısından son yıllarda bilişsel beceriler kadar, iletişim becerileri, kişilerarası yeterlilik ve empati gibi bilişsel olmayan beceriler giderek önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. Hastalarla olan iletişimde duyguları anlama ve yönetme becerisinin önemli olduğu düşünüldüğünde hekimlerden duygusal zekalarının ve empati yeteneklerinin yüksek olması beklenmektedir. Aynı zamanda duygusal zeka sayesinde sağlık bakımı veren ekip üyeleri arasındaki olumlu etkileşim ve ilişkiler, sağlık bakım kalitesini de artırabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi dönem I, dönem II ve dönem III öğrencilerinin duygusal zekalarıyla empati eğilimleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Araştırmada üç bölümden oluşan anket formu kulla-nılmıştır: Kişisel Bilgi Formu (Literatür ışığında araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulmuştur). Reuven Bar-On’un geliştirdiği Acar F’nin Türkçeye uyarlayıp geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışmasını yaptığı Bar-On Duygusal Zeka Ölçeği, Dökmen’in geliştirdiği Empatik Eğilim Ölçeği. Verilerin değerlendirilmesi SPSS 20.0 paket programında tanımlayıcı istatistikler, student t test, ANOVA ve korelasyon testleri kullanılarak yapılmıştır.Bulgular: Araştırmamıza 55’i (%45.8) kadın, 65’i (%54.2) erkek olmak üzere 120 öğrenci katılmıştır. Öğrencilerin duygusal zeka ölçeğinin kişisel beceri, kişilerarası beceri, uyumluluk, stresle baş etme , genel ruh hali alt boyutları ile empati düzeyleri arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı, orta düzeyde bir korelasyon saptanmıştır. Öğrencilerin duygusal zeka ölçeğinin kişisel beceri, kişilerarası beceri, uyumluluk, stresle baş etme, genel ruh hali alt boyutları ile empati düzeyleri arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı, orta düzeyde bir korelasyon saptanmıştır.Sonuç: Bilişsel olmayan beceriler öğrenilebilen becerilerdir. Tıp eğitiminde bu becerilere yönelik teorik ve uygulamalı eğitim programlarının oluşturulmasının önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Protocorm-like bodies and plant regeneration from foliar explants of Coelogyne flaccida, a horticulturally and medicinally important endangered orchid of Eastern Himalaya
Authors: De Kaylan K. , Sil Sujit
Published: August 2015

An efficient induction of protocrom-like bodies (PLBs) and plantlet regeneration from the young leaves of in vitro grown seedlings of Coelogyne flaccida, an horticulturally and medicinally important endangered epiphytic orchid, was accomplished in order to develop mass-scale propagation. The young leaves (1.5 cm in length) from 110 days old aseptically germinated seedling were grown in vitro in Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of NAA ( 0.5-2 mg/L), BAP (0.5-2 mg/L) and Kn ( 0.5-2 mg/L ). The explants produced protocorm-like bodies directly from the epidermal cells of leaf without the formation of intervening callus tissue within four weeks of culture. The highest number of plantlets regenerated through PLBs per explant after 15 weeks was 35-36 in presence of NAA (2mg/l) and Kn (2mg/l). Within 20-25 weeks individual plantlets produced 2-3 leaves and 2-3 roots. Chromosome number from all plants regenerated from leaf explants showed the same chromosome number as the mother plant as 2n = 40. During acclimatization, 80% of the plantlets survived after one month of transplantation.
The interactional organization of sex assignment after childbirth
Authors: Lindström Anna , Näslund Shirley , Rubertsson Christine
Published: August 2015

That society divides its members into females and males is the point of departure for much research on gender and language and yet the situated accomplishment of the primordial sex categorisation of the newborn child has not attracted much scholarly attention. The present study fills this research gap by exploring the interactional organisation of sex assignment in a corpus of 67 video recordings of Swedish hospital births. We present quantitative and qualitative support for the idea that sex assignment is a prioritised activity during the first minutes after childbirth. Contrary to descriptions and assumptions in previous research, we find that sex assignment typically is sequentially accomplished in the social interaction between parents and medical staff. Our analysis reveals a normative preference that selects parents (rather than medical staff) as the ones who should discover and declare sex. We also provide tentative evidence that sex assignment may be a gendered practice that prioritises the father (rather than the mother) as the individual entitled to assign sex.
Sexual violence and the creation of an empowered female voice
Authors: Zubair Cala Ann
Published: August 2015

This paper describes how slang serves as a source of empowerment for a marginalised social group, helping speakers create an inhabitable voice that contests community norms. Within the insular youth community known as the Sinhalese Raggers, females differentiate the terms they use to describe sexual assault from terms used by males. In doing so, they construct a voice in opposition to a male subject they hold responsible for sexual assault. The study of sexual assault slang contributes to recent register studies by exploring register at the community level, providing ethnographic evidence of the social motivations behind non-uniform language use. More broadly, this work documents negotiations between individuals and group collectives – how dominated speakers (female Raggers) exhibit agency through language.
‘His belly dancer’
Authors: Warner-Garcia Shawn
Published: August 2015

While spirituality and sexuality are often dichotomised as oppositional, they are in fact socially constructed in complex ways in everyday practice. This article investigates the ways in which a group of young women at a Baptist university in Texas interactionally negotiate the cultural construct of a ‘belly dancer’ and its perceived sexualised associations in relation to the moral codes and principles of their religious community of practice. The analysis examines the ways in which the participants take both positive and negative stances toward belly dancing through strategic ambiguity, which is the process whereby participants juxtapose seemingly incongruous elements in order to try out different identities and ideologies while maintaining a certain degree of deniability. In the four examples I analyse, I show how the participants achieve strategic ambiguity through the use of categorisation devices, interactional framing, hyperbolic parallelism, and stance alternation. Given that the participants’ Christian community of practice promotes – and to a certain extent requires – sexual integrity and modesty from its members, strategic ambiguity is a valuable interactional resource for negotiating the taboo topic of belly dancing and its perceived sexual associations.
Gradiente ambiental em comunidades arbóreas no baixo rio Jacuí
Authors: Scipioni Marcelo Callegari , Galvão Franklin , Longhi Solon Jonas , Pedron Fabrício de Araújo
Published: August 2015

A região da Depressão Central do Rio Grande do Sul estende-se por planícies e relevos suaves ondulados, com predomínio de florestas de galeria. Este estudo teve o objetivo de investigar a estrutura e a diversidade dos remanescentes de Floresta Estacional Decidual em diferentes posições na paisagem de pequenos tributários ao longo de uma microbacia em Pantano Grande, RS. Os levantamentos foram realizados em 40 pontos amostrais com 500 m2. Foi constatada a existência de três grupos ecológicos, espacialmente correlacionados à posição no relevo, tendo diferentes estágios de conservação, diversidade, estrutura e florística. O grupo 1, formação submontana (FS), destacou-se pela maior densidade de indivíduos nas maiores classes de diâmetro e pela maior altura, com alta dominância ecológica, determinada por uma particular espécie tolerante à sombra, Actinostemon concolor . O grupo 2, FA/FS, revelou-se com maior diversidade que os demais grupos, apresentando menor dominância ecológica. O grupo 3, formação aluvial (FA), foi caracterizado por indivíduos arbóreos menores e pela presença dominante deSebastiania commersoniana
Descrição de duas novas técnicas cirúrgicas para o tratamento de prolapso vaginal em vacas zebuínas: vaginectomia parcial e vaginopexia dorsal
Authors: Hellú José Abdo de Andrade , Toniollo Gilson Hélio , Marques Neto Isaías
Published: August 2015

Com o aumento da casuística e o insucesso da aplicação das técnicas convencionais de Caslick, Bühner ou Flessa, na redução do prolapso vaginal não associado à gestação em vacas zebuínas, caracterizada pela elevação significativa da recorrência da afecção, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar duas novas técnicas cirúrgicas na correção do prolapso vaginal, denominadas de vaginectomia parcial e vaginopexia dorsal em vacas. O estudo foi conduzido a campo, por um período de quatro anos, utilizando-se 812 vacas zebuínas (Nelore, Gir e Brahman), em idade reprodutiva, alojadas em diversas propriedades. O diagnóstico foi realizado através de anamnese e avaliação dos sinais clínicos e, de acordo com o estágio do prolapso vaginal, foi definida a técnica cirúrgica a ser executada, após procedimentos anestésicos. Os resultados pós-cirúrgicos das duas técnicas indicaram alta porcentagem de recuperação (93,4% para vaginectomia parcial e 96,14% para vaginopexia dorsal), baixo índice de recidivas (6,3% e 3,7%, respectivamente) e baixa mortalidade (entre 0,2% e 0,3%). Desse modo, os resultados demonstram que as duas técnicas propostas podem ser indicadas para a redução e solução definitiva de prolapso vaginal em vacas zebuínas
Predição da produtividade da cultura do milho utilizando rede neural artificial
Authors: Soares Fátima Cibele , Robaina Adroaldo Dias , Peiter Marcia Xavier , Russi Jumar Luis
Published: August 2015

Esta investigação visa avaliar o desempenho de redes neurais artificiais na predição da produtividade da cultura do milho, no município de Jaguari, região Central do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, com base em variáveis morfológicas da cultura. Para treinamento e validação das redes neurais, foram utilizados dados publicados por SOARES (2010). Foram testadas diversas redes neurais do tipo perceptron, multicamadas com algoritmo backpropagation otimizado (Levenberg-Marquardt). Elas tiveram como variáveis na camada de entrada: índice de área foliar; matéria verde total; altura de planta; e no de planta m-2. Na camada de saída: produção de grãos. Cada arquitetura foi treinada 10 vezes, escolhendo-se, ao final do treinamento, aquela com menor erro relativo médio e menor variância em relação aos dados de validação. A eficiência das redes foi analisada por meio de indicadores estatísticos. A rede com 35 neurônios na camada escondida apresentou os menores erros nos processos de treinamento e validação, dentre as diversas arquiteturas treinadas. Dessa forma, a rede neural com arquitetura 4-35-1 apresenta bom desempenho, sendo eficiente na estimativa da produção de grãos, considerando a região de abrangência do experimento.
Anticoagulants on yield of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells harvested from dogs
Authors: Brito Harald Fernando Vicente de , Fernandes-Filho Tobias , Brandão Fernanda de Lima , Montaño Patrícia Yukiko , Laskoski Luciane Maria , Locatelli-Dittrich Rosangela
Published: August 2015

Cell therapy with bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells is an alternative to therapy with mesenchymal stem cell cultures. The aim of the present research was the comparison of the yield of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells harvested from dogs with two different anticoagulants. Bone marrow was harvested from the iliac crest of five healthy dogs aged between 15 and 30 months, and the effect of two anticoagulant solutions, CPDA-1 (citrate phosphate dextrose adenine-1) and heparin, on the isolation of mononuclear cells was compared. Mononuclear cells were isolated in a density gradient and stained for CD9 and CD44 for characterization by flow cytometry. Means were compared using Student's paired t-test. Samples harvested with CPDA-1 yielded an average of 5.16x106 (±1.76x106) to 20.20x106 (±1.55x106) mononuclear cells/mL, whereas the yield of samples harvested with heparin varied between 4.56x106 (±0.69x106) and 24.30x106 (±2.12x106) mononuclear cells mL-1. By flow cytometry, mean percentage of double-stained cells varied from 1.96% (±0.64%) to 5.01% (±0.73%) for CPDA-1 and from 2.23% (±0.70%) to 7.27% (±0.97%) for heparin. No significant statistical differences were observed on yield or CD9 and CD44 expression. Further studies are recommended to assess efficacy of CPDA on mononuclear cell isolation.
Horizontal arrangements: strategy for reducing the asymmetry information for dairy farmers in Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Brito Marcel Moreira de , Bánkuti Ferenc Istvan , Bánkuti Sandra Mara Schiavi , Ferreira Maria Clara Melo , Damasceno Júlio César , Santos Geraldo Tadeu dos , Zambom Maximiliane Alavarse
Published: August 2015

An empirical investigation was conducted to study whether dairy farmers involved in horizontal arrangements (HA) have lower information asymmetry than those who do not participate in HA. Our assumption is that greater access to information results in fewer risky decisions in production systems. One hundred and twenty semi-structured questionnaires were applied to dairy farmers located in four different geographical regions in Paraná State, Brazil. Exploratory factor analysis was used to define factors related to information asymmetry in dairy agribusiness system (DAS) and four factors were defined. In a second step, the 120 dairy farmers were split into two groups: the first one involved in HA and the second one not involved in HA. Mean test (t-student) were performed to compare these groups between factors. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed for factors related to transaction information and for general market information, and dairy farmers participating in HA achieved the greatest values. Finally, it can be concluded that dairy farmers who participate in HA have higher access to information, which can create an environment with lower information asymmetry and, consequently, be subject to lower risks than dairy farmers who do not participate in HA
The diet quality index evaluates the adequacy of energy provided by dietary macronutrients
Authors: MENDES Aline , GAVIOLI Larissa , PREVIDELLI Ágatha Nogueira , FISBERG Regina Mara , MARCHIONI Dirce Maria Lobo
Published: August 2015

Objective To investigate the relationship between macronutrient intake adequacy and the national diet quality index score. Methods The study analyzed a representative sample of 1,662 individuals from the municipality of São Paulo who participated in a cross-sectional study called Health Survey-Capital (2008/2009). Two 24-hour recalls were collected. Habitual intake was determined by the Multiple Source Method. The Brazilian index was calculated as suggested, and macronutrient adequacy was given by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization recommendations. A generalized linear model verified the relationship between the Brazilian index and macronutrient adequacy. All analyses with a descriptive level below 0.05 were considered significant. The analyses were performed by the software Stata 12.0, survey mode. Results The vast majority (91%) of the population had inappropriate macronutrient intakes, and the total median Brazilian index score was 61.3 points (interquartile range=10.1). The total Brazilian index score of individuals with high lipid intake was worse than that of individuals with proper lipid intake (β=0,96; p=0,004), while those with high protein intake had a better score (β=1,10; p=0,003) than those with proper protein intake. Conclusion The revised Brazilian Healthy Eating Index assesses diet quality properly regarding high lipid intake, but it has some limitations regarding high protein intake according to the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization recommendations. New studies should investigate the possibility of adapting this index to the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization recommendations.
Estresse oxidativo e micronutrientes na hanseníase
Authors: OLIVEIRA Fabiana Maciel de , BARBOSA JÚNIOR Fernando , JORDÃO JÚNIOR Alceu Afonso , FOSS Norma Tiraboschi , NAVARRO Anderson Marliere , FRADE Marco Andrey Cipriani
Published: August 2015

Objetivo Avaliar o estresse oxidativo, perfil antioxidante e de micronutrientes em pacientes portadores de hanseníase multibacilar e paucibacilar antes do tratamento poliquimioterápico. Métodos Analisaram-se 52 amostras de soro de pacientes portadores de hanseníase - 38 multibacilares e 14 paucibacilares -, usuários do ambulatório de dermatologia de um hospital público universitário, além de 30 amostras controles. Quantificaram-se marcador de peroxidação lipídica malondialdeído pelo método de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico, antioxidante glutationa reduzida pelo método baseado na quantificação de tiol solúvel em ácido, antioxidante vitamina E por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, minerais selênio, zinco, cobre, magnésio por espectrometria de massa com fonte plasma acoplado, e sorologia do anticorpo glicolipídio fenólico I pelo método Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Foi utilizado teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney para comparar as variáveis quantificadas neste estudo entre os diferentes grupos, e correlação de Pearson para verificar associação dessas variáveis com o anticorpo. O critério de significância adotado foi de p<0,05. Resultados Houve diferença significativa para o malondialdeído (p<0,001) e vitamina E (p<0,001) no grupo controle comparado aos grupos com hanseníase, multibacilar e paucibacilar. No entanto, essas mesmas variáveis não diferiram entre os grupos multibacilar e paucibacilar (p=0,495 e p=0,920 respectivamente). A glutationa reduzida foi superior no grupo controle em relação ao grupo com hanseníase (p=0,012) e multibacilar (p=0,001), no entanto não diferiu do grupo paucibacilar (p=0,920). Quando comparada com os multibacilares e paucibacilares, a glutationa reduzida também não diferiu (p=0,063). Quanto aos minerais, todos se apresentaram dentro da normalidade, exceto o magnésio, cujos níveis foram deficientes em todos os pacientes do estudo. Não foi possível observar correlação do anticorpo glicolipídio fenólico I com as demais variáveis. Conclusão Os pacientes paucibacilares parecem possuir maior defesa antioxidante de glutationa reduzida, semelhante à de indivíduos saudáveis. Baixos níveis de vitamina E nos pacientes com hanseníase são sugestivos dos benefícios de suplementação. As alterações metabólicas observadas não evidenciaram relação com a sorologia do glicolipídio fenólico I.
Disordered eating, body dissatisfaction, perfectionism, and mood state in female adolescents
Authors: FORTES Leonardo de Sousa , Meireles Juliana Fernandes Filgueiras , NEVES Clara Mockdece , ALMEIDA Sebastião Sousa , FERREIRA Maria Elisa Caputo
Published: August 2015

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between body dissatisfaction, perfectionism, mood, and disordered eating in female adolescents. Methods Three hundred and seventy one adolescents aged between 12 and 16 years of age participated in this research. The Body Shape Questionnaire, Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Brunel Mood Scale, and the Eating Attitudes Test - 26 were used to assess, respectively, body dissatisfaction, perfectionism, mood state, and disordered eating. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to determine the relationship between the independent variables and the Eating Attitudes Test subscale scores. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to compare the Eating Attitudes Test subscale scores according to body dissatisfaction, perfectionism, and mood state classifications. Results The findings showed that body dissatisfaction (p=0.001), perfectionism (p=0.04), and mood state (p=0.05) were associated with disordered eating in the female adolescents evaluated. Despite the statistically significant results obtained for all independent variables, it is worth mentioning that body dissatisfaction was the main determinant of disordered eating in the multiple regression model. Conclusion It can be concluded that body dissatisfaction explains the variance in disordered eating; however, it is also important to note that perfectionism and mood state are also associated to the disordered eating in female adolescents, although to a lesser extent.
Insegurança alimentar entre adolescentes brasileiros: um estudo de validação da Escala Curta de Insegurança Alimentar
Authors: COELHO Stefanie Eugênia dos Anjos Campos , VIANNA Rodrigo Pinheiro de Toledo , Segall-CORREA Ana Maria , PEREZ-ESCAMILLA Rafael , GUBERT Muriel Bauermann
Published: August 2015

Objetivo Os objetivos do trabalho foram avaliar a validade interna e a capacidade preditiva da escala de segurança alimentar de seis itens aplicada a adolescentes. Métodos Foi um estudo transversal com amostra representativa de adolescentes brasileiros (N=14.690), realizado em escolas públicas e privadas nas 26 capitais de estados brasileiros e no Distrito Federal por meio de questionário online. Resultados A maior parte dos respondentes era do sexo feminino (53,2%), com idade média de 14,4 anos, sendo 72,7% de escolas públicas. O comportamento da escala, observado pelo modelo de Rasch, foi melhor sem o item cinco, apresentando valores ótimos de Infit e nível de severidade crescente entre os itens. O alfa de Cronbach foi 0,77, e as análises do funcionamento diferencial dos itens mostraram comportamento dos itens semelhante entre os subgrupos avaliados. A análise fatorial mostrou a unidimensionalidade do instrumento. Conclusão Foi proposta a retirada do item cinco e novos pontos de corte para a escala curta de segurança alimentar. A escala curta de segurança alimentar é válida e confiável para mensurar insegurança alimentar domiciliar entre adolescentes brasileiros.
Práticas de aleitamento materno de crianças menores de dois anos de idade com base em indicadores da Organização Mundial da Saúde
Authors: SALDAN Paula Chuproski , VENANCIO Sonia Isoyama , SALDIVA Silvia Regina Dias Medici , PINA Juliana Coelho , MELLO Débora Falleiros de
Published: August 2015

Objetivo Avaliar práticas de aleitamento materno de crianças menores de dois anos de idade com base em indicadores da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Métodos Estudo transversal realizado durante Campanha Nacional de Vacinação contra Poliomielite 2012 em Guarapuava, Paraná. Os acompanhantes de 1.814 crianças responderam ao questionário estruturado sobre alimentação da criança nas últimas 24 horas. Foram avaliados nove indicadores de aleitamento materno da Organização Mundial da Saúde. As estimativas foram calculadas por pontos e intervalos de confiança de 95%. Resultados Das crianças avaliadas, 79,3% (IC95,0%=76,2-82,0) foram colocadas para mamar na primeira hora de vida. Apesar de 96,0% (IC95,0%=94,6-97,0) das crianças iniciarem a amamentação, a prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo em menores de 6 meses foi baixa: 36,0% (IC95,0%=30,7-41,7). A prevalência da continuidade do aleitamento materno com um e dois anos foi de 35,8% (IC95,0%=30,0-42,1) e 21,1% (IC95,0%=16,2-27,0) respectivamente. A duração mediana do aleitamento materno foi de 351,6 dias (IC95,0%=330,3-373,0), totalizando 11,7 meses. O aleitamento materno em idade apropriada, levando-se em conta a prevalência de aleita-mento materno exclusivo em menores de 6 meses, a alimentação complementar e a continuidade do aleitamento materno entre crianças de 6 a 23 meses, foi de 27,9% (IC95,0%=25,0-31,0), sendo influenciado pela baixa continuidade do aleitamento materno. A proporção de crianças que utilizaram mamadeira foi elevada: 78,3% (IC95,0%=75,8-80,6). Conclusão As práticas de aleitamento materno evidenciaram situação ruim ou muito ruim para a prática do aleitamento materno exclusivo em menores de seis meses, continuidade do aleitamento materno (um ano, dois anos e duração mediana do aleitamento materno), aleitamento materno em idade apropriada e uso da mamadeira.
Hydrolyzed collagen (gelatin) decreases food efficiency and the bioavailability of high-quality protein in rats
Authors: BORDIN Cláudia Cantelli Daud , NAVES Maria Margareth Veloso
Published: August 2015

Objective Although deficient in all indispensable amino acids, gelatin is used in protein-restricted diets. Food efficiency and protein quality of casein and gelatin mixtures in low protein diets in Wistar rats were investigated. Methods The rats were treated with protein-restricted diets (10.0 and 12.5%) containing casein (control diets), casein with gelatin mixtures (4:1 of protein content), and gelatin as sources of protein. The food conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, relative and corrected protein efficiency ratio, true protein digestibility, and hepatic parameters were estimated. Results After 28 days of the experiment, food efficiency of 10.0% casein/gelatin diet decreased when compared to that of 10.0% casein diet, and the protein efficiency ratio of the casein/gelatin mixtures (10.0%=2.41 and 12.5%=2.03) were lower than those of the casein (10.0%=2.90 and 12.5%=2.32). After 42 days of the experiment, the weight of the liver of the animals treated with 10.0 and 12.5% casein/gelatin diets, and the liver protein retention of the 12.5% casein/gelatin diet group of animals were lower than those of the control group. Conclusion Gelatin decreases food efficiency and high-quality protein bioavailability in protein-restricted diets.
Cytotoxicity assays as tools to assess water quality in the Sinos River basin
Authors: Trintinaglia L , Bianchi E , Silva LB , Nascimento CA , Spilki FR , Ziulkoski AL
Published: August 2015

Cytotoxicity assays using cell cultures may be an alternative to assess biological toxicity of surface waters and may help to improve the control of water quality. This study compared two methods to prepare culture media for the exposure of Hep-2 cells to water samples collected from the Rolante River, an important affluent of the Sinos River. The toxicity was evaluated using the MTT and neutral red assays. Two methods were used to prepare culture media. In method 1, the sample was diluted at 1:1, 1:10, 1:100, 1:1000, 1:10.000 (v/v, sample/medium) in a standard culture medium; in method 2, water samples were used as the solvent for the culture medium, which was prepared at concentrations of 100, 80, 60, 40 and 20%. Semi-confluent cultures were then exposed to the media test for 24 hours, and cytotoxicity was determined immediately using the MTT and NR assays. Mitochondrial activity (MTT) was significantly lower at all concentrations in both methods, except at 1:1000 in method 1. However, the lysosome viability (NR) results revealed cytotoxicity only in the 1:1 sample of method 1. Both culture preparation methods were efficient and sensitive to the MTT assay, but method 2 seemed to be more adequate for the NR assay. The Rolante River has cytotoxic contaminants to Hep-2 cells, which may be one of the explanations for the poor water quality of the Sinos River basin.
Caffeine as an indicator of human fecal contamination in the Sinos River: a preliminary study
Authors: Linden R , Antunes MV , Heinzelmann LS , Fleck JD , Staggemeier R , Fabres RB , Vecchia AD , Nascimento CA , Spilki FR
Published: August 2015

The preservation of hydric resources is directly related to fecal contamination monitoring, in order to allow the development of strategies for the management of polluting sources. In the present study, twenty-five water samples from six water public supply collection sites were used for the evaluation of the presence of caffeine, total and fecal coliforms. Caffeine was detected in all samples, with concentrations ranging from 0.15 ng mL–1 to 16.72 ng mL–1. Total coliforms were detected in all samples, with concentrations in the range of 52 NMP/100 mL to higher than 24196 NMP/100 mL, whether the concentration range for fecal coliforms was in the range of below 1 NMP/100 mL to 7800 NMP/100 mL. No significant correlation was found between total coliforms and caffeine concentrations (rs = 0.35, p = 0.09). However, a moderate correlation between fecal coliforms and caffeine concentrations was found (rs = 0.412, p <0.05), probably indicating a human source for these bacteria. Caffeine determination in water may be a useful strategy to evaluate water contamination by human fecal waste.
Endocrine disruptors in water filters used in the Rio dos Sinos Basin region, Southern Brazil
Authors: Furtado CM , von Mühlen C
Published: August 2015

The activated carbon filter is used in residences as another step in the treatment of drinking water, based on a physical-chemical process to absorb pollutants that are not removed in conventional treatment. Endocrine disruptors (EDCs) are exogenous substances or mixtures of substances that acts on the endocrine system similarly to the endogenously produced hormones, triggering malfunctions and harmful changes to human and animal health. The objective of the present work was to study EDCs through semi-quantitative analysis of residential water filters collected in the region of Rio dos Sinos basin, focusing on two specific classes: hormones and phenols. The solid phase extraction principle was used for the extraction of compounds and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for the separation and characterization of EDCs. Four samples of residential filters collected from public water distribution and artesian wells, from the cities of Novo Hamburgo and São Leopoldo were analysed. Using the developed methodology, it was possible to detect and comparatively quantify selected EDCs in all studied samples, which indicates the presence of these contaminants in drinking water from different sources.
Biomonitoring of water genotoxicity in a Conservation Unit in the Sinos River Basin, Southern Brazil, using the Tradescantiamicronucleus bioassay
Authors: Endres Júnior D , Sasamori MH , Cassanego MBB , Droste A
Published: August 2015

The Tradescantia micronucleus (Trad-MCN) bioassay was used to investigate genotoxicity of water bodies in the Parque Municipal Henrique Luís Roessler (PMHLR), a conservation unit in the city of Novo Hamburgo, Southern Brazil, from November 2010 to October 2011. Every month, cuttings with young inflorescences of Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea were exposed for 24 hours to water collected at three sites in the park: (S1) head of the main stream; (S2) head of a secondary stream; (S3) a point past the junction of the two water bodies in which S1 and S2 were located. As a negative control, cuttings were exposed to distilled water for 24 h every quarter. Micronuclei (MCN) frequency was determined in young tetrads of pollen mother cells and described as MCN/100 tetrads. Rainfall data were also recorded. In nine months at S1 and S2, and in eleven months at S3, micronuclei frequencies were significantly higher than in quarterly controls, in which frequencies varied from 1.19 to 1.62.

During sampling, no significant differences were found in MCN frequencies at S1, which ranged from 2.2 to 3.6. At the other sampling sites, there were significant differences between the months evaluated, and MCN frequencies ranged from 1.3 to 6.5 at S2 and from 2.3 to 5.2 at S3. There were no associations between rainfall and MCN frequencies at the three sampling sites. Tradescantia pallida var. purpureaconfirmed genotoxicity in the water bodies of the PMHLR, even at the head of the streams, which suggests that actions should be promoted to control anthropogenic effects in the streams of this conservation unit.
Integrated Environmental Assessment of streams in the Sinos River basin in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Kieling-Rubio MA , Benvenuti T , Costa GM , Petry CT , Rodrigues MAS , Schmitt JL , Droste A
Published: August 2015

The deterioration of environmental quality in the Sinos River basin is directly associated with the impacts of intense industrialization and urbanization. An integrated environmental assessment (IEA) was conducted in July and September of 2012, in areas along the sources of the EstânciaVelha/Portão, Pampa and Schmidt streams using physical, chemical and biological methods. The water in the three sampling sites was not proper for human consumption, presented a low toxic contamination index (TCI) and mesotrophic characteristics. One site was included in Class 4, and two, in Class 3, according to current legislation. The rapid assessment protocol (RAP) indicated a natural environmental condition for habitat diversity and environmental impact in the three sites. The Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R. Hunt var. purpurea Boom biomarker showed water genotoxicity in two of the sites. The integrated diagnosis of water quality in these streams is fundamentally important to ensure the sustainable management of water resources and their multiple uses, as well to estimate their contribution to pollution in this river basin.
Environment and society: the Sinos River Basin and public policies
Authors: Pedde V , Figueiredo JAS , Nunes MF , Prodanov CC
Published: August 2015

This study discusses the tensions and conflicts in the relationship between environment and society in the Sinos River Basin, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. An environmental disaster in 2006, which resulted in the death of 100 tons of fish in the Sinos River, is the dividing line for this study. A review of documents and field interviews with representatives of the municipal government and companies in the region were used to analyze the impact of public policies on the environment and which deficiencies remain11
We thank Malcon Naor Voltz and Ana Arnoldo, undergraduate research grant holders, for their participation in data collection for this study.
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Monitoring of metals, organic compounds and coliforms in water catchment points from the Sinos River basin
Authors: Nascimento CA , Staggemeier R , Bianchi E , Rodrigues MT , Fabres R , Soliman MC , Bortoluzzi M , Luz RB , Heinzelmann LS , Santos EL , Fleck JD , Spilki FR
Published: August 2015

Unplanned use and occupation of the land without respecting its capacity of assimilation and environmental purification leads to the degradation of the environment and of water used for human consumption. Agricultural areas, industrial plants and urban centres developed without planning and the control of effluent discharges are the main causes of water pollution in river basins that receive all the liquid effluents produced in those places. Over the last decades, environmental management has become part of governmental agendas in search of solutions for the preservation of water quality and the restoration of already degraded resources. This study evaluated the conditions of the main watercourse of the Sinos River basin by monitoring the main physical, chemical and microbiological parameters described in the CONAMA Resolution no. 357/2005.The set of parameters evaluated at five catchment points of water human consumption revealed a river that has different characteristics in each reach, as the upper reach was class 1, whereas the middle and lower reaches of the basin were class 4. Monitoring pointed to households as the main sources of pollutants in those reaches, although metals used in the industrial production of the region were found in the samples analyzed.