bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of NaOH addition on the characteristics of tilapia skin collagen
Authors: Nurhayati  , Kusumawati R , Suryanti
Published: December 2021

Research on fish collagen is now growing rapidly as the use of collagen in industry increases. Collagen extraction begins with the removal of non-collagen proteins using bases to maximize the extraction process. This research aims to determine the effect of differences in NaOH concentrations on the characteristics of tilapia skin collagen. NaOH in collagen extraction serves to remove alkaline soluble proteins to optimize the collagen extraction process. The bases used were NaOH with the concentration of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%. The extraction was carried out using the acid method. Using SEM, observation parameters for crude collagen from the tilapia skin include collagen yield, functional group analysis, lightness, and surface morphology. The results of functional groups analysis showed that the collagen obtained in all treatments had typical collagen characteristics, i.e., amide A, amide B, amide I, amide II, and amide III. The non-collagen deproteination treatment with 0.5% NaOH could produce better collagen than the 1.0 and 1.5% concentrations, as indicated by the highest yield (20.42%) and lightness (93.22). Morphological analysis showed that the collagen extracted has an irregular branched fiber structure.
Influence of methods and norms of sowing soybean seeds of the Northern ecotype on yield
Authors: Fadeev A , Nikiforova I , Ivanova I
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of studying the optimal norms and methods of sowing a new variety of soybeans of the northern ecotype of the Memory of Fadeev for 2016-2018 at the experimental site of the Chuvash Research Agricultural Institute-a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named after N V Rudnitsky” in the southern part of the Volga-Vyatka region of Russia. It is established that in order to obtain high yields of soybean seeds of the northern ecotype in the conditions of the Chuvash Republic, the ultra-ripe variety of soy in Memory of Fadeev should be sown in a wide-row way at a rate of 600 thousand germinating seeds per 1 ha. It is revealed that to obtain a higher attachment of the lower bean, narrow-row sowing is recommended - the height of the attachment increases to 17.3 cm. Wide-row sowing increases the number of beans, the number and weight of seeds per plant, as well as the weight of 1000 seeds, which leads to an additional yield of up to 6.8 c/ha. According to the data obtained, an agroecological passport has been developed for a new Chuvash soybean variety of the northern ecotype of the Fadeev Memory variety, zoned in 2019.
Influence of fertilizers on the productivity of tea plants in the conditions of the north-west Caucasus
Authors: Lagoshina A , Pchihachev E , Chernjavskaja I , Aleksandrova A , Belous O
Published: December 2021

The research is aimed at finding effective ways to regulate the functional state of tea plants under stress, increase in yield and its stability, preserving and improving the quality. Foliar spraying of the tea stimulated the active formation of Proline (135.1-179.2 mg/g, in the control - 122.6 mg/g) and ascorbic acid (177.8-226.5 mg/g, in the control - 131.4 mg/g) in the leaves, which indicates the inclusion of processes associated with the mechanism of nonspecific protection against stress. The optimal state of tea plants treated with fertilizers explains the more developed specific surface density of the leaf (1.44 mg/cm2, in the control -1.24 mg/cm). The developed specific surface density of the leaf was ensuring the active operation of the leaf apparatus on the experimental variants, which is expressed in a higher productivity of the leaves (1.27-1.31 g/dm2), compared to the control plants. The highest yield (about 23.05 centner per ha) was observed in the variant with foliar treatments with rokogumin, in the variant with sodium humate (31.47 centner per ha), the yield exceeded the control (26.88 centner per ha) only in 2020, which may be due to the accumulative effect.
Milk productivity of holstein cows at optimization of fat levels in their diets
Authors: Petrov O , Semenov V , Alekseev V
Published: December 2021

The work is devoted to determining the optimal level of fat in concentrate-senage diets for high-yield cows and studying the effect of various levels of fat in the dry matter of the diet on milk productivity and chemical composition of milk. Studies have shown the insufficiency of household diets of highly productive cows with a dry diet content of 3.2% raw fat. This deterred the potential for dairy productivity. Addition of fat in cow diets by equivalent energy and protein replacement of a portion of the compound feed with a rapeseed cake up to a level of 4.2% of the dry substance provides an increase in milk productivity in relation to the control group receiving 3.2% fat. Optimization of the fat level in the dry substance of the diet up to 4.2% in the nutrition system of cows increases the functional activity of the breast in their body, which is expressed in the growth of breast productivity by 6.78%, improvement of the chemical composition and technological properties of milk. A further increase in dietary fat to 5.2% has a less pronounced effect on the change in milk productivity.
Effect of preparation Dihydroquercetin on growth-weight indices of broilers
Authors: Kuzmina N N , Yu Petrov O , Semenov V G , Boronin V V
Published: December 2021

Research is devoted to the study of the feasibility of using a natural antioxidant of plant origin as a biologically active additive to the basic diet and assessing the effectiveness of its use to increase the meat productivity of broiler chickens. In our work we examined the broiler chickens productivity and quality when using the drug ‘Dihydroquercetin’ (LLC’Kakhor’, Zima, Irkutsk region, Russia) in diets and established the amount of feed consumed and its costs per unit of production. Based on the studies, the addition of the preparation enables to increase the safety of broiler chickens by 20…30%, live mass - by 12…33%, mass of ripped carcass - by 15…38%, muscle tissue - by 3%, thoracic muscles - by 0.3…2%, and edible parts of carcass -by 2…6%. Moreover, the additive reduces the feed consumption by a head during the fattening period by an average of 46.09 g compared to the control.
The effect of fumaric acid, dipromonium and vitamin C on the productivity of sows
Authors: Solyanik A V , Semenov V G , Tyurin V G , Kuznetsov A F , Sofronov V G , Kh Volkov A , Solyanik V V , Solyanik S V , Solyanik V A
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of the effect of fumaric acid, dipromonium and vitamin C on productivity, physiological state and natural resistance of sows. The scientific and economic experience was carried out at the pig-breeding complex with a production capacity of 27 thousand heads “Voskhod” in the Mogilev region of Belarus. Forty primiparous gilts were divided into four groups (n = 10): a control and three experimental groups. Experimental gilts received basal diet supplemented with fumaric acid (4.0 g/kg of dry matter), dipromonium (0.4 g/kg) or vitamin C (0.1 g/kg) from 1 to 20 d of lactation. The animals of the control group did not receive the indicated preparation. The use of additives contributed to an increase in the milk yield of pigs, the viability of piglets and their growth rate by 21.1-30.0% (P<0.05), 6.0-6.6 and 10.0-27.9%, respectively, as well as influenced the morphological, biochemical and immunological parameters of the blood of pigs and their progeny.
Kinematics and dynamics of an incomplete circular wheel drive of an agricultural tractor
Authors: Kazakov Yu , Medvedev V , Batmanov V , Pavlov V
Published: December 2021

The disadvantage of wheeled tractors is soil compaction, slipping due to limited traction, low tangential force. Experimental studies of a tractor with incomplete circular wheel mover on stubble, sand and virgin snow showed an increase in cross-country ability, a decrease in skidding, an increase in traction, and an increase in productivity. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for kinematic and dynamic analysis of incompletely rounded wheel propellers with a built-in differential. The equation of motion of the wheel is obtained on the basis of two-stage overcoming by the wheel of a single threshold obstacle taking into account the longitudinal and radial stiffness of the tire, its deformation, air resistance in the tire. The main influence is provided by translational speed, wheel radius and radial stiffness, the moment of inertia of the wheel and the shoulder of the application of mass. Planetary gearbox proposed in which the shaft of the driving satellite is a bearing, while the radius of the gear is an order of magnitude smaller than the radius of the wheel. The direction of improvement of wheel mover, increasing their traction properties is justified.
Influence of the type of higher nervous activity on milk yield and the productive longevity of mares
Authors: Chirgin E D , Semenov V G , Ivanova E N
Published: December 2021

The presented work is the result of studies of the influence of the type of higher nervous activity on the dairy productivity of mares of the Russian heavy draft horse breed on stationary koumiss farms. To determine the types of higher nervous activity, a motor-food technique developed by the All-Russian Research Institute of Horse Breeding was used. The milk yield was counted at animals for the first lactation, for the highest lactation, on average for one lactation and a lifelong milk yield of mares. The milk yield on average for lactation is almost the same in mares with a strong balanced mobile type and with a strong unbalanced type of higher nervous activity. Animals of a weak type and a strong balanced inert type of higher nervous activity lag behind them in this indicator by 11-13%. Horses with a strong balanced mobile type, a strong unbalanced type and a weak type of higher nervous activity are most suitable for the duration of economic use and lifelong milk production. The mares with a strong balanced inert type of higher nervous activity are the least productive in terms of duration of economic use and lifelong milk yield on koumiss farms.
The influence of stallions on the properties of the udder of daughters
Authors: Chirgin E D , Semenov V G , Tyurin V G , Nikitin D A , Biryukov K N
Published: December 2021

The presented work is the result of studies of the influence of the linearity of mares of the Russian heavy draft breed on milk productivity, morphological characteristics of the udder and adaptability to machine milking. We examined mares belonging to four lines of stallions: Day laborer, Casket, Svist and Karaul. The calculated milk yield on average per lactation was the highest in mares of the Svist line, and the lowest in the Larchik line. Lifetime milk yield of mares of the Svist line exceeded the same indicator of mares of the Podennik line by 12.13%, of the Karaul line - by 18.51% and the Larchik line - by 47.77%. Studies have shown that Whistle stallions not only contribute to the high milk production of their daughters, but also impart good adaptability to machine milking. Mares of the Larchik line in this population of horses of the Russian heavy draft breed are the least productive and the least adapted to machine milking.
Effect of immunoprophylaxis on reproduction function of highly productive cows
Authors: Kondruchina S G , Semenov V G , Tyurin V G , Kuznetsov A F , Leontyev L B , Larionov G A , Ivanova T N , Tolstova S L , Biryukova D E , Stepanova A V , Semenov A A , Ivanova E N
Published: December 2021

The article describes a method of preventing postpartum obstetric-gynecological diseases and improving cow reproductive function due to the increase of body nonspecific resistance with the application of electropuncture and biopreparation Prevention-N-C (Chuvash State Agrarian University, Russia) and Salus-PE (Chuvash State Agrarian University, Russia). The cows of the 1st group were injected three times 45-40, 25-20 and 15-10 days before calving intramuscularly at a dose of 10 ml/head with the biopreparation Prevention-N-C, and the cows of the 2nd group were injected according to the same scheme and the same term with Salus-PE, and the cows of the 3nd group electropuncture was performed on the Vocal-B device (BIORS, Russia) immediately after childbirth, three times, after 48 h. The use of biopreparations during critical periods of cow steeliness reduced the risks of subinvolution of the uterus, endometritis and mastitis in the postpartum period and increased the reproductive qualities of cows. It has been shown that after the use of Salus-PE, 100% of cows are fertilized, 60% of which are fertilized in the first sexual hunt, and 40% - in the second. The insemination index was 1.4.
Formation of colostral immunity in calfs on the background of the application of immunostimulators to cows
Authors: Semenov V G , Matveeva E S , Biryukova D E , Maykotov A N , Kondruchina S G , Ivanova T N , Musaev S A , Tolstova S L , Lukina N M , Zaharovskiy G V
Published: December 2021

A scientific and practical substantiation of the need for the timely formation of colostral immunity in calves to create nonspecific protection of the body and adaptation of newborns to new environmental conditions is given, which is the most important problem of modern veterinary science and practice. Colostral immunity is immunity that develops in newborns due to colostral immunoglobulins during the first 24-36 hours of life. For some newborn farm animals (horses, ruminants and pigs), antibodies are transmitted to offspring only through colostrum in the early postnatal period. In order to increase the nonspecific defenses of the body of mothers cows, the formation of colostral immunity in newborn calves and the realization of the biological resource potential of the body, immunostimulants were used, developed by scientists of the Chuvash State Agrarian University: Prevention-N-B-S and Salus-PE.
Evaluation of performance characteristics of nano TiO2and TiO2-ZnO composite for DSSC applications and electrochemical determination of potassium ferrocyanide using cyclic voltammetry
Authors: Deepa H A , Madhu G M , Swamy B E Kumara
Published: December 2021

Nanoparticles of TiO2and TiO2-ZnO composite (2:1 molar ratio) were synthesized utilizing the sol-gel and solution combustion approaches, respectively. Scanning electron microscopic, energy dispersive x-ray, x-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis were employed to characterize the synthesized nanoporous TiO2and the composite of TiO2-ZnO nanoparticles. Fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was carried out by incorporating the synthesized nanoporous materials coating on the photoanodes using the doctor blade technique. Nano TiO2and the composite of TiO2-ZnO were also analyzed using cyclic voltammetry test, and their performance was compared for the electrochemical detection of potassium ferrocyanide. The composite of TiO2-ZnO exhibited better electrocatalytic activity in comparison with the pure TiO2nanoparticles. The fabricated DSSCs by employing nano TiO2particles and TiO2-ZnO composite as the semiconductor photoanode materials were compared for photovoltaic performance. The DSSC fabricated with TiO2nanoparticles exhibited better photovoltaic performance with an efficiency of 2.22% and a current density of 4.152 mA cm−2than that fabricated with TiO2-ZnO composite with an efficiency of 0.0022% and a short circuit current density of 0.014 mA cm−2.
Origins of strain localization in a silver-based flexible ink under tensile load
Authors: Li Qiushi , Pierron Olivier , Antoniou Antonia
Published: December 2021

Flexible electronics often employ composite inks consisting of conductive flakes embedded in a polymer matrix to transmit electrical signal. Recently, localized necking was identified as a cause of a substantial increase in normalized resistance with applied strain thereby adversely impacting electrical performance. The current study explores two possible contributing factors for the formation of such localization—ink surface roughness and local variations in silver flake volume fraction. Uniaxial tension experiments of a DuPont 5025 type ink are used to inform a constitutive model implemented using finite element method on different substrates. Surface roughness was modeled by sinusoidal variation in ink height, whose amplitude and wavelength are informed by experimental laser profilometry scan data. Local flake fraction variations obtained from experimental measurements before applying any strain, were modeled as local variations in the elastic modulus according to an inverse rule of mixtures between the silver flake and acrylic binder material properties. The study identified that the ink height roughness is the most impactful contributor to the subsequent strain localization. The substrate elastic properties impact the number and magnitude of localization bands, with the stiffer substrate delocalizing strain and averting catastrophic crack formation seen with a more compliant substrate. The model incorporating surface roughness closely matches experimental measurements of local strain across different substrates. The study can inform designers of the adverse impact of ink surface roughness on localization and subsequent detrimental increase of the resistance.
The Yang-Mills heat equation with finite action in three dimensions
Authors: Gross Leonard
Published: December 2021

The existence and uniqueness of solutions to the Yang-Mills heat equation is proven over

R

3

\mathbb {R}^3

and over a bounded open convex set in

R

3

\mathbb {R}^3

. The initial data is taken to lie in the Sobolev space of order one half, which is the critical Sobolev index for this equation over a three dimensional manifold. The existence is proven by solving first an augmented, strictly parabolic equation and then gauge transforming the solution to a solution of the Yang-Mills heat equation itself. The gauge functions needed to carry out this procedure lie in the critical gauge group of Sobolev regularity three halves, which is a complete topological group in a natural metric but is not a Hilbert Lie group. The nature of this group must be understood in order to carry out the reconstruction procedure. Solutions to the Yang-Mills heat equation are shown to be strong solutions modulo these gauge functions. Energy inequalities and Neumann domination inequalities are used to establish needed initial behavior properties of solutions to the augmented equation.
Profinite groups with few conjugacy classes of 𝑝-elements
Authors: Wilson John
Published: December 2021

It is proved that a profinite groupGGhas fewer than2ℵ02^{\aleph _0}conjugacy classes ofpp-elements for an odd primeppif and only if itspp-Sylowpp-subgroups are finite. (Here, by app-element one understands an element that either haspp-power order or topologically generates a group isomorphic toZp\mathbb {Z}_p.) A weaker result is proved forp=2p=2.
On infinite MacWilliams rings and minimal injectivity conditions
Authors: Iovanov Miodrag
Published: December 2021

We provide a complete answer to the problem of characterizing left Artinian rings which satisfy the (left or right) MacWilliams extension theorem for linear codes, generalizing results of Iovanov [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 220 (2016), pp. 560–576] and Schneider and Zumbrägel [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 147 (2019), pp. 947–961] and answering the question of Schneider and Zumbragel [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 147 (2019), pp. 947–961]. We show that they are quasi-Frobenius rings, and are precisely the rings which are a product of a finite Frobenius ring and an infinite quasi-Frobenius ring with no non-trivial finite modules (quotients). For this, we give a more general “minimal test for injectivity” for a left Artinian ring

A
A

: we show that if every injective morphism

Σ
k

→
A

\Sigma _k\rightarrow A

from the

k
k

’th socle of

A
A

extends to a morphism

A
→
A

A\rightarrow A

, then the ring is quasi-Frobenius. We also give a general result under which if injective maps

N
→
M

N\rightarrow M

from submodules

N
N

of a module

M
M

extend to endomorphisms of

M
M

(pseudo-injectivity), then all such morphisms

N
→
M

N\rightarrow M

extend (quasi-injectivity) and obtain further applications.
Infinite stable graphs with large chromatic number
Authors: Halevi Yatir , Kaplan Itay , Shelah Saharon
Published: December 2021

We prove that ifG=(V,E)G=(V,E)is anω\omega-stable (respectively, superstable) graph withχ(G)>ℵ0\chi (G)>\aleph _0(respectively,2ℵ02^{\aleph _0}) thenGGcontains all the finite subgraphs of the shift graphShn(ω)\mathrm {Sh}_n(\omega )for somenn. We prove a variant of this theorem for graphs interpretable in stationary stable theories. Furthermore, ifGGisω\omega-stable withU⁡(G)≤2\operatorname {U}(G)\leq 2we prove thatn≤2n\leq 2suffices.
Reflective modular forms on lattices of prime level
Authors: Wang Haowu
Published: December 2021

One of the main open problems in the theory of automorphic products is to classify reflective modular forms. Scheithauer [Invent. Math. 164 (2006), pp. 641-678] classified strongly reflective modular forms of singular weight on lattices of prime level. In this paper we classify symmetric reflective modular forms on lattices of prime level. This yields a full classification of lattices of prime level which have reflective modular forms. We also present some applications.
𝐺-cohomologically rigid local systems are integral
Authors: Klevdal Christian , Patrikis Stefan
Published: December 2021

Let

G
G

be a reductive group, and let

X
X

be a smooth quasi-projective complex variety. We prove that any

G
G

-irreducible,

G
G

-cohomologically rigid local system on

X
X

with finite order abelianization and quasi-unipotent local monodromies is integral. This generalizes work of Esnault and Groechenig [Selecta Math. (N. S. ) 24 (2018), pp. 4279–4292; Acta Math. 225 (2020), pp. 103–158] when

G
=

G
L

n

G= \mathrm {GL}_n

, and it answers positively a conjecture of Simpson [Inst. Hautes Études Sci. Publ. Math. 75 (1992), pp. 5–95; Inst. Hautes Études Sci. Publ. Math. 80 (1994), pp. 5–79] for

G
G

-cohomologically rigid local systems. Along the way we show that the connected component of the Zariski-closure of the monodromy group of any such local system is semisimple; this moreover holds when we relax cohomological rigidity to rigidity.
99 New onset atrial fibrillation in STEMI patients: main prognostic factors and clinical outcome
Authors: Dal Zotto Beatrice , Barbieri Lucia , Tumminello Gabriele , Saviano Massimo , Gentile Domitilla , Lucreziotti Stefano , Frattini Loredana , Tarricone Diego , Carugo Stefano
Published: December 2021

The treatment of patients with known atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention has clear indications in the actual guidelines. Remarkable lack of evidence regarding new-onset AF (NOAF) in particular during STEMI is the reason for this study. We retrospectively analysed 1455 consecutive STEMI patients. The primary outcomes are in-hospital, 1-year and long-term follow-up mortality. Cerebral ischaemic events and major bleedings were considered clinical endpoints at 1 year. NOAF was detected in 102 subjects, 62.7% males, mean age 74.8 ± 10.6 years. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 43.5 ± 12.1% and left atrial enlargement (58 ± 20.9 ml) was observed. Anterior STEMI accounted for the majority (46%). NOAF has been predominantly recorded in the acute phase (mean duration of 8.1 ± 12.5 h). CHA2DS2-VASc score >2 was recorded in 83% of cases, while HAS-BLED score of 2 or 3 was the most represented. All patients acutely received enoxaparin, but only 21.6% were discharged on oral anticoagulation (OAC). In-hospital mortality was 14.2%, while 1-year and long-term mortality were 17.2% and 32.1%, respectively. We identified age as an independent predictor of short- and long-term mortality, while LVEF was the only other independent predictor for in-hospital mortality and arrhythmia duration for 1-year mortality. After 1-year of follow-up we recorded three ischaemic events and no major bleeding. In conclusion, STEMI patients who present NOAF are a very high-risk population with increased short- and long-term mortality. Our data suggest that the indication for OAC should be always driven by CHA2DS2-VASC and HAS-BLEED score, even in patients with a single episode indeed. 99 Figure 1Kaplan-Meier curve representing the long-term survival of the entire population from hospital admission up to the maximum follow-up time was performed
153 Fragmented QRS in athletes
Authors: Orlandi Goffredo , Casatori Lorenzo , Corsi Marco , Toncelli Loira , Boddi Maria , Modesti Pietro Amedeo , Stefani Laura
Published: December 2021

Aims

Fragmented QRS (fQRS), defined as the presence of additional peaks within the QRS complex (<120 ms) in at least two contiguous leads, was considered as a pattern of fibrosis. However, fQRS can also be detected during pre-participation cardiovascular screening. To assess determinants of fQRS in athletes of different sports.

Methods and results

Retrospective study conducted on 605 non-sedentary subjects undergoing pre-participation cardiovascular screening for competitive activity in six disciplines (athletics, football, cycling, swimming, basketball, and volleyball). All subjects underwent ECG for the search of fQRS and transthoracic echocardiography. Predictors of fQRS were investigated using multivariate logistic analysis adjusted for. fQRS was found in 47 of 605 subjects. On multivariate logistic analysis, fQRS was positively associated with age (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01–1.05), male sex (OR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.13–0.94), whereas no association with sport discipline was observed (0.91; 0.73–1.12). When echocardiographic parameters were considered, fQRS was associated with cardiac mass index (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00–1.03) and E wave (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96–0.99).

Conclusions

At pre-participation cardiovascular screening, the fQRS finding increases with age, is more frequent in males, and seems to be independent from practiced sport. Furthermore, fQRS in athletes appears to be associated with parameters of physiological hypertrophy (LV cardiac mass index and diastolic function).
205 Dual antiplatelet therapy with third generation P2Y12 inhibitors in STEMI patients: impact of body mass index on high on-treatment platelet reactivity
Authors: Scudiero Fernando , Canonico Mario Enrico , Sanna Giuseppe Damiano , Avvedimento Marisa , Leone Attilio , Saba Pier Sergio , Silverio Angelo , Galasso Gennaro , Porto Italo , Esposito Giovanni , Parodi Guido
Published: December 2021

Aims

High on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) has been associated with high risk of ischaemic events in STEMI patients. Body mass index (BMI) and specifically overweight and obesity are risk factors for increased platelet reactivity in different series of patients; however, data regarding their relationship with pharmacodynamic response to oral 3rd generation P2Y12 inhibitors is still lacking. This study aims to assess the association between BMI and HTPR in STEMI patients treated with oral 3rd generation P2Y12 inhibitors.

Methods

Overall, 429 STEMI patients were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups according to BMI (BMI <25 vs. ≥25 kg/m2). A propensity score matching (1:1) was performed to balance potential confounders in baseline patients characteristics. Platelet reactivity was assessed by VerifyNow at baseline and after 3rd generation P2Y12 inhibitor (ticagrelor or prasugrel) loading dose (LD). Blood samples were obtained at baseline (T0), 1 h (T1), 2 h (T2), 4–6 h (T3) and 8–12 h (T4) after the LD. HTPR was defined as a platelet reactivity unit values ≥ 208 units.

Results

Mean age was 62 ± 12 years, and males were 75%. Patients with a BMI ≥25 were younger (61 ± 12 vs. 64 ± 11, P= 0.006), with a higher prevalence of male gender (78% vs. 68%, P = 0.035), and they were less frequently treated with morphine before PCI (30% vs. 42%; P=0.018). After propensity score matching, patients with BMI ≥25 had similar values of baseline platelet reactivity [T0: 308 (285–342) vs. 300 (281–330), P= 0.396], while they had higher level of platelet reactivity at 1 and 2 h after the LD [T1: 285 (200–308) vs. 265 (196–320), P= 0.047; T2: 241 (87–305) vs. 200 (56–256), P= 0.004] and higher rate of HRPT [T1: (66% vs. 47%, P= 0.004); T2: (40% vs. 24%, P= 0.006)]. Furthermore, multivariable analysis demonstrated that BMI ≥25 was an independent predictor of HTPR at 2 h (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.18–3.42; P=0.009). Conversely, starting from 4 h after the LD, platelet reactivity values [T3: 68 (7–173) vs. 15 (6–71), P = 0.76; T4: 38 (4–104) vs. 44 (4–82), P=0.958] and HRPT rates (T3: 13% vs. 10%, P = 0.595; T4: 1% vs. 1%, P= 0.320) were comparable among the two study groups.

Conclusions

A BMI ≥25 kg/m2 is associated with decelerated pharmacodynamic response to oral 3rd generation P2Y12 inhibitors LD, and it is a strong predictor of HRPT in STEMI patients treated by dual antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor or prasugrel.
52 Low doses of dapagliflozin reduce anthracycline and trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity through MyD88, NLRP3, and mTORC-1 mediated pathways
Authors: Quagliariello Vincenzo , Iovine Martina , Maurea Carlo , Buccolo Simona , Paccone Andrea , Maurea Nicola
Published: December 2021

Aims

The clinical trial Dapagliflozin Effect on Cardiovascular Events-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 58 (DECLARE-TIMI 58), demonstrated that dapagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, reduces the composite Endpoint of cardiovascular death/hospitalization for heart failure in a broad population of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. We aimed to study if dapagliflozin could exert cardioprotective effects in doxorubicin and trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity through the analysis of multiple biochemical mechanisms.

Methods

HL-1 adult cardiomyocytes were exposed to subclinical concentration of doxorubicin and trastuzumab (100 nM) alone or in combination with dapagliflozin at 50 nM. Determination of cell viability was performed through analysis of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity and the study of lipid peroxidation (quantifying cellular Malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal), and of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis by spectrophotometric methods. Moreover, anti-inflammatory studies were also performed (activation of NLRP3 inflammasome; expression of TLR4/MyD88; transcriptional activation of p65/NF-κB and secretion of cytokines involved in cardiotoxicity (Interleukins 1β, 8, and 6). Moreover, mTORC1/Fox01/3a expression studies were performed through western blot and confocal laser microscope methods.

Results

Dapagliflozin increases significantly the cardiomyocytes viability during exposure to doxorubicin and trastuzumab. Its cardioprotective properties are explainable by the reduction of intracellular Ca2+ overload (−47.6% vs. cells treated only to anticancer drugs; P < 0.001), of the lipid peroxidation phenomena (mean reduction of 35–43% compared to cells exposed only to anticancer drugs; P < 0.001). Moreover, cardiomyocytes exposed to dapagliflozin during anticancer drugs have a reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in cardiotoxicity (−37.3% for Interleukin-1β; −39.5 for Interleukin 8; −41.3% for Interleukin 6; P < 0.001 for all). Notably, dapagliflozin reduces p65-NF-κB activation (−36.5% vs. cells treated only to anticancer drugs) and inhibits of 27.8% the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome. mTORC1/Fox01/3a expression were also reduced after treatment with dapagliflozin, an aspect directly involved in the reduction of cardiomyocyte apoptosis

Conclusion

Dapagliflozin demonstrated for the first time cardioprotective properties during doxorubicin and trastuzumab exposure. The main biochemical effects of dapagliflozin are related to MYD88, NLRP3 complex, Leukotrienes/Interleukin 6 axis and mTORC1 mediated apoptosis. This study provides the proof of concept for translational studies designed to investigate the cardioprotective use of dapagliflozin in preclinical models of cardio-oncology.
66 Heart and lung tissue characterization of COVID-19 pneumonia by T1 and T2 mapping magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Camastra Giovanni , Arcari Luca , Ciolina Federica , Danti Massimiliano , Cacciotti Luca , Ansalone Gerardo , Sbarbati Stefano
Published: December 2021

Aims

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory tract infection which can lead to systemic involvement including myocardial injury, severe respiratory failure and death. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could potentially offer advantages in providing tissue characterization of lung parenchyma and heart muscle in COVID-19. The aim of the present study was to describe data on heart and lung MRI in a cohort of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methods and results

n = 11 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia underwent a comprehensive MRI examinations including lung and heart tissue mapping, findings were compared to those of an age- and sex-matched cohort of n = 11 individuals. Lung native T1 and T2 mapping assessments were performed by drawing a circular region of interest (ROI) with diameter of 2 cm in the parenchyma visualized from the cardiac four chamber long axis-oriented slice; vessels and areas of pleural effusion were carefully excluded. Myocardial native T1 and T2 mapping were assessed by drawing a ROI within the midventricular left ventricular (LV) septum. No patients had previous history of cardiovascular disease (including known coronary artery disease, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation). As compared to controls, patients with COVID-19 had similar cardiac function, higher mid-septum myocardial native T1 (1028 ms vs. 985, P = 0.05) and significantly higher lung native T1 and T2 within affected areas (1375 ms vs. 1201 ms, P = 0.016 and 70 ms vs. 30 ms, P < 0.001 respectively), whereas non-significant differences were observed between remote lung areas of patients and controls (1238 ms vs. 1152 ms, P = 0.088 and 29 ms vs. 33 ms, P = 0.797 respectively). No significant associations were observed between cardiac and lung mapping findings.

Conclusions

In our cohort of patients with COVID-19, T1 and T2 mapping lung MRI identified pneumonia related abnormalities as compared to healthy controls, likely representing oedema and ongoing inflammation at the lung site. Myocardial native T1 was elevated suggesting the presence of cardiac involvement. A comprehensive MRI examination can be potentially used to assess multiorgan involvement in COVID-19.
171 Right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain (RVFWSL): a new outcome predictor in patients candidate for TAVI
Authors: Dellino Carlo Maria , Pergola Valeria , Torresan Frnacesca , Baroni Giulia , Cecchetto Antonella , Aruta Patrizia , Fiorencis Andrea , Fraccaro Chiara , Tarantini Giuseppe , Mele Donato , Iliceto Sabino
Published: December 2021

Aims

Right ventricular systolic dysfunction is considered an outcome predictor in various cardiac diseases, sometimes stronger than ejection fraction (EF). We assume that right ventricular dysfunction, calculated with echocardiography in patients candidate for trans-catheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), could be an outcome predictor. To evaluate the prognostic value of pre-TAVI right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain (RVFWSL) in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing TAVI.

Methods and results

Retrospective analysis of 100 patients underwent transfemoral TAVI in our hospital from January 2015 to September 2019, with at least a pre-TAVI and post-TAVI echocardiography. For each patients we collected clinical and echo data before and after TAVI and during the follow-up; we measured RVFWSL off-line at the same time. We considered the value of [23.3]% the cut-off of normality for RVFWSL. The primary endpoint was a composite of death from any cause and hospitalization for heart failure. The median age of the patients was 81 years (79–83) and EF was preserved in most patients (median: 56%, 55–58.28%). At a median follow-up of 1023 days (630–1387), the univariate analysis demonstrated a predictive of a reduced RVFWSL before TAVI ( < [23.3]%, P = 0.015) and EF < 50% (P = 0.014). Cox regression analysis found that pre-TAVI reduced RVFWSL (HR: 2.875, CI 95%: 1.113–7.425; P = 0.03) and EF < 50% (HR: 2.511, CI 95%: 1.07–5.892; P = 0.03) were independently associated with composite endpoint of the study. Moreover, a reduced EF associated with RVFWSL < [23.3]% had an incremental value in predicting the outcome (P = 0.021).

Conclusions

Among patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing TAVI, a reduced pre-implant RVFWSL is able to predict long-term outcome.
611 Mild cognitive impairment is associated with subclinical left ventricular dysfunction as assessed by global longitudinal strain in hypertensive patients
Authors: Ferruzzi Germano Junior , Visco Valeria , Loria Francesco , Galasso Gennaro , Iaccarino Guido , Vecchione Carmine , Ciccarelli Michele
Published: December 2021

Aims

Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) detects subtle systolic abnormalities in various cardiovascular conditions, which represent significant risk factors for cognitive impairment and stroke. Specifically, GLS has emerged as a more precise myocardial function measure than left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). This study investigated the relationship of GLS with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in hypertensive patients.

Methods and results

From February 2020 to October 2021 were enrolled hypertensive patients without atrial fibrillation and/or cerebrovascular and/or neurodegenerative diseases. Complete demographic, clinical characteristics, laboratory analyses, conventional echocardiographic parameters were collected. Finally, MCI was defined by accurate the Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment (QMCI) Screen corrected for age and education. This score explores spatial and temporal orientation, registration, delayed recall, clock design, logical memory, and verbal fluency in a brief time (5 min—score 0–100); a compliance questionnaire (Morisky medication adherence scale); a questionnaire on nutritional status (MNA). 81 hypertensive patients [66 ± 7.27 years; 9 (11%) female] were included in the study. Concerning echocardiographic evaluation, LVEF was 50.47 ± 9.95% and mean GLS was −16.00 ± 3.66. Mean QMCI corrected for age and education was 56.45 ± 9.37, and MCI was detected in 21 patients (26%). When comparing the patients with MCI (QMCItot <49.4) and without MCI (QMCItot >49.4), a statistically significant difference of GLS values was detected (no MCI: −16.52 ± 3.66 vs. MCI: −14.18 ± 3.23; P = 0.032); on the other hand, the two groups did not differ in LVEF (no MCI: 50.58 ± 9.70 vs. MCI: 48.86 ± 11.93; P = 0.864). Furthermore, excluding patients with FE ≥ 45% from the analysis, a statistically significant linear regression was observed between QMCI (corrected for age and education) and the GLS (P = 0.014) (Figure 1).

Conclusions

Compromised GLS, but not LV EF, is related to MCI in hypertensive patients who are free of clinical dementia, stroke, and neurodegenerative disease. Moreover, our study demonstrates for the first time the existence of a significant association between the QMCI and GLS; consequently, GLS could be an additional parameter in clinical practice for early recognition of MCI. However, studies on a larger population will be needed to confirm this association.
319 Right heart chambers geometry and function in patients with the atrial and the ventricular phenotypes of functional tricuspid regurgitation
Authors: Florescu Diana Ruxandra , Muraru Denisa , Florescu Cristina , Gavazzoni Mara , Volpato Valentina , Caravita Sergio , Tomaselli Michele , Parati Gianfranco , Badano Luigi Paolo
Published: December 2021

Aims

Atrial functional tricuspid regurgitation (A-FTR) is a recently defined phenotype of FTR associated with persistent/permanent atrial fibrillation. Differently from the classical ventricular form of FTR (V-FTR), patients with A-FTR might present with severely dilated right atrium (RA) and tricuspid annulus (TA), and with preserved right ventricular (RV) size and systolic function. However, the geometry and function of the RV, RA, and TA in patients with A-FTR and V-FTR remain to be systematically evaluated. Accordingly, we sought to: (i) study the geometry and function of the RV, RA, and TA in A-FTR by two- and three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography and (ii) compare them with those found in V-FTR.

Methods and results

We prospectively analysed 113 (44 men, age 68 ± 18 years) FTR patients (A-FTR = 55 and V-FTR = 58) that were compared to two groups of age- and sex-matched controls to develop the respective Z-scores. Severity of FTR was similar in A-FTR and V-FTR patients. Z-scores of RV size were significantly larger, and those of RV function were significantly lower in V-FTR than in A-FTR (P < 0.001 for all). The RA was significantly enlarged in both A-FTR and V-FTR compared to controls (P < 0.001, Z-scores > 2), with similar RA maximal volume (RAVmax) between A-FTR and V-FTR (P = 0.2). Whereas, the RA minimal volumes (RAVmin) were significantly larger in A-FTR than in V-FTR (P = 0.001).

Conclusions

Despite similar degrees of FTR, and RAVmax size, A-FTR patients show a larger RAVmin, and smaller TA areas than V-FTR patients. Conversely, V-FTR patients show dilated, more elliptic, and dysfunctional RV than A-FTR patients.
48 Correlation of left ventricular myocardial work indices and invasive measurement of stroke work
Authors: Landra Federico , Mandoli Giulia Elena , Chiantini Benedetta , Barilli Maria , Merello Giacomo , De Carli Giuseppe , Sciaccaluga Carlotta , Lisi Matteo , Focardi Marta , D’Ascenzi Flavio , Fineschi Massimo , Iadanza Alessandro , Bernazzali Sonia , Valente Serafina , Cameli Matteo
Published: December 2021

Aims

A novel echocardiographic method allows to non-invasively assess myocardial work using pressure–strain loops. Even though left ventricular myocardial work has already emerged as a promising prognostic tool for various pathological conditions, its relationship with invasively-derived corresponding indices has not been assessed in humans yet. This study aimed to explore the correlation between left ventricular myocardial work (LVMW) indices and invasively derived left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) in a cohort of patients with advanced heart failure (HF) considered for heart transplantation.

Methods and results

All consecutive patients with advanced heart failure considered for heart transplantation from 2016 to 2021 that had already performed right heart catheterization (RHC) as part of the workup and with an available echocardiographic exam were included (n = 91). Myocardial work analysis was performed in 44 patients, according to exclusion criteria. Conventional LV functional parameters and LVMW indices, including LV global work index (LVGWI), LV global constructive work (LVGCW), LV global wasted work (LVGWW), LV global work efficiency (LVGWE), and other were calculated and compared with invasively measured LV stroke work index (LVSWI). Median age was 60 years [interquartile range (IQR): 54–63]. Median time between RHC and echocardiography was 0 months (IQR: 0–1). For the most part, etiology of HF was non-ischaemic (61.4%) and all patients were either on class NYHA II (61.4%) or III (27.3%). Median left ventricular ejection fraction was 25% (IQR: 22.3–32.3), median NT-proBNP 1377 pg/ml (IQR: 646–2570). Among conventional parameters of LV function, LVEF did not significantly correlate with LVSWI (r = 0.308; P = 0.050) whereas LV global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) did (r = −0.337; P = 0.031). With regard to LVMW indices, some of them demonstrated correlation with LVSWI, particularly LVGWI (r = 0.425; P = 0.006), LVGCW (r = 0.506; P = 0.001), LV global positive work (LVGPW; r = 0.464; P = 0.003), and LV global systolic constructive work (LVGSCW; r = 0.471; P = 0.002).

Conclusions

Among left ventricular myocardial work indices, LVGCW correlated better with invasively derived stroke work, thus representing a powerful and reliable tool for a more comprehensive evaluation of myocardial function.
297 Echocardiographic biventricular coupling index to predict pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Albani Stefano , Stolfo Davide , Venkateshvaran Ashwin , Chubuchny Vladyslav , De Scordilli Marco , Biondi Federico , De Luca Antonio , Pinamonti Bruno , Lo Giudice Francesco , Pasanisi Emilio M , Petersen Christina , Airò Edoardo , Bauleo Carolina , Ciardetti Marco , Coaceani Michele , Formnichi Bruno , Spiesshoefer Jens , Savarese Gianluigi , Lund Lars H , Emdin Michele , Sinagra Gianfranco , Manouras Aristomenis , Giannoni Alberto
Published: December 2021

Aims

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) affects millions of people worldwide. Right heart catheterization (RHC) is the gold standard to correctly classify the subtype of PH. Biventricular coupling index (BCI) is a new echocardiographic index defined as the ratio between non-invasive right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI) and E/E′ ratio. Due to his comprehensive functional characterization of the right heart physiology, we hypothesized it might correctly identify pre-capillary PH.

Methods and results

BCI was derived in a cohort of 334 patients from the University Hospital of Trieste (Italy) and Karolinska University Hospital (Sweden) who underwent transthoracic echocardiography and RHC for all indications (<6 h between the exams). The accuracy of BCI to identify pre-capillary PH was high in the derivation cohort (AUC: 0.82, P < 0.001, CI: 0.78–0.88). Subsequently BCI was tested in a large validation cohort of 1349 patients with available transthoracic echocardiography and RHC from the Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio of Pisa (Italy). Among patients with PH, BCI showed a high accuracy to correctly identify pre-capillary PH (AUC = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.89–0.93, P < 0.001), with an optimal cut-off of 1.9 providing a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 89%, PPV 77%, and a NPV 92%. BCI outperformed previous indexes, such as the D’Alto score (Z coefficient 3.56, difference between areas 0.05 95% CI: 0.02–0.07, P < 0.001) and the echocardiographic Pulmonary to Left Atrial Ratio (ePLAR) index (Z coefficient 2.88, difference between areas 0.02 95% CI: 0.01–0.04, P < 0.004).

Conclusions

BCI is a new non-invasive index based on standard echocardiographic parameters that allows, with high accuracy, the identification of patients with pre-capillary PH, outperforming previously proposed indexes. Routine use of BCI index could be implemented in the screening work-up of pre-capillary PH.