bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mineral carbonation of peridotite fueled by magmatic degassing and melt impregnation in an oceanic transform fault
Authors: Klein Frieder , Schroeder Timothy , John Cédric M. , Davis Simon , Humphris Susan E. , Seewald Jeffrey S. , Sichel Susanna , Bach Wolfgang , Brunelli Daniele
Published: February 2024

Most of the geologic CO
2
entering Earth’s atmosphere and oceans is emitted along plate margins. While C-cycling at mid-ocean ridges and subduction zones has been studied for decades, little attention has been paid to degassing of magmatic CO
2
and mineral carbonation of mantle rocks in oceanic transform faults. We studied the formation of soapstone (magnesite–talc rock) and other magnesite-bearing assemblages during mineral carbonation of mantle peridotite in the St. Paul’s transform fault, equatorial Atlantic. Clumped carbonate thermometry of soapstone yields a formation (or equilibration) temperature of 147 ± 13 °C which, based on thermodynamic constraints, suggests that CO
2(

aq

)
concentrations of the hydrothermal fluid were at least an order of magnitude higher than in seawater. The association of magnesite with apatite in veins, magnesite with a δ
13
C of −3.40 ± 0.04‰, and the enrichment of CO
2
in hydrothermal fluids point to magmatic degassing and melt-impregnation as the main source of CO
2
. Melt-rock interaction related to gas-rich alkali olivine basalt volcanism near the St. Paul’s Rocks archipelago is manifested in systematic changes in peridotite compositions, notably a strong enrichment in incompatible elements with decreasing MgO/SiO
2
. These findings reveal a previously undocumented aspect of the geologic carbon cycle in one of the largest oceanic transform faults: Fueled by magmatism in or below the root zone of the transform fault and subsequent degassing, the fault constitutes a conduit for CO
2
-rich hydrothermal fluids, while carbonation of peridotite represents a vast sink for the emitted CO
2
.
Heterogeneous osteoimmune profiles via single-cell transcriptomics in osteoporotic patients who fail bisphosphonate treatment
Authors: Keum Byeong-Rak , Kim Hong Jin , Lee Juhun , Lee Minji , Hong Sin-Hyoung , Chang Ha Kyun , Han Jin-Kwan , Kim Sanguk , Chang Dong-Gune , Kim Gun-Hwa
Published: February 2024

Postmenopausal osteoporosis arises from imbalanced osteoclast and osteoblast activity, and mounting evidence suggests a role for the osteoimmune system in bone homeostasis. Bisphosphonate (BP) is an antiresorptive agent, but its treatment failure rate can be as high as 40%. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on peripheral immune cells from carefully selected postmenopausal women: non-osteoporotic, osteoporosis improved after BP treatment, and BP-failed cases. We found an increase in myeloid cells in patients with osteoporosis (specifically, T cell receptor+ macrophages). Furthermore, lymphoid lineage cells varied significantly, notably elevated natural killer cells (NKs) in the BP-failed group. Moreover, we provide fruitful lists of biomarkers within the immune cells that exhibit condition-dependent differences. The existence of osteoporotic- and BP-failure-specific cellular information flows was revealed by cell–cell interaction analysis. These findings deepen our insight of the osteoporosis pathology enhancing comprehension of the role of immune heterogeneity in postmenopausal osteoporosis and BP treatment failure.
Skeletal growth is enhanced by a shared role for SOX8 and SOX9 in promoting reserve chondrocyte commitment to columnar proliferation
Authors: Molin Arnaud N. , Contentin Romain , Angelozzi Marco , Karvande Anirudha , Kc Ranjan , Haseeb Abdul , Voskamp Chantal , de Charleroy Charles , Lefebvre Véronique
Published: February 2024

SOX8 was linked in a genome-wide association study to human height heritability, but roles in chondrocytes for this close relative of the master chondrogenic transcription factor SOX9 remain unknown. We undertook here to fill this knowledge gap. High-throughput assays demonstrate expression of human
SOX8
and mouse
Sox8
in growth plate cartilage. In situ assays show that
Sox8
is expressed at a similar level as
Sox9
in reserve and early columnar chondrocytes and turned off when
Sox9
expression peaks in late columnar and prehypertrophic chondrocytes.

Sox8
−/−

mice and

Sox8
fl/fl
Prx1Cre

and

Sox9
fl/+
Prx1Cre

mice (inactivation in limb skeletal cells) have a normal or near normal skeletal size. In contrast, juvenile and adult

Sox8
fl/fl
Sox9
fl/+
Prx1Cre

compound mutants exhibit a 15 to 20% shortening of long bones. Their growth plate reserve chondrocytes progress slowly toward the columnar stage, as witnessed by a delay in down-regulating
Pthlh
expression, in packing in columns and in elevating their proliferation rate.
SOX8
or
SOX9
overexpression in chondrocytes reveals not only that SOX8 can promote growth plate cell proliferation and differentiation, even upon inactivation of endogenous
Sox9
, but also that it is more efficient than SOX9, possibly due to greater protein stability. Altogether, these findings uncover a major role for SOX8 and SOX9 in promoting skeletal growth by stimulating commitment of growth plate reserve chondrocytes to actively proliferating columnar cells. Further, by showing that SOX8 is more chondrogenic than SOX9, they suggest that SOX8 could be preferred over SOX9 in therapies to promote cartilage formation or regeneration in developmental and degenerative cartilage diseases.
Arranged cohabitation among Chinese Muslims
Authors: Mu Zheng , Lai Qing , Xie Yu
Published: February 2024

While modern family-related ideas and behaviors have become more widely accepted in contemporary China, Chinese Muslim minorities continue to hold on to traditional religious practices. Surprisingly, data from our survey conducted in Gansu province in China’s northwestern borderlands reveal that Muslims of the Hui and Dongxiang ethnicities reported much higher rates of cohabitation experience than the secular majority Han. Based on follow-up qualitative interviews, we found the answer to lie in the interplay between the highly interventionist Chinese state and the robust cultural resilience of local Islamic communities. While the state maintains a high minimum legal age of marriage, the early marriage norm remains strong in Chinese Muslim communities, where religion constitutes an alternative and often more powerful source of legitimacy—at least in the private sphere of life. Using the 2000 census data, we further show that women in almost all 10 Muslim ethnic groups have higher percentages of underage births and premarital births than Han women, both nationally and in the northwest where most Chinese Muslims live. As the once-outlawed behavior of cohabitation became more socially acceptable during the reform and opening-up era, young Muslim Chinese often found themselves in “arranged cohabitations” as de facto marriages formed at younger-than-legal ages. In doing so, Chinese Muslim communities have reinvented the meaning of cohabitation. Rather than liberal intimate relationship based on individual autonomy, cohabitation has served as a coping strategy by which Islamic patriarchs circumvent the Chinese state’s aggressive regulations aimed at “modernizing” the Muslim family.
Women’s subsistence strategies predict fertility across cultures, but context matters
Authors: Page Abigail E. , Ringen Erik J. , Koster Jeremy , Borgerhoff Mulder Monique , Kramer Karen , Shenk Mary K. , Stieglitz Jonathan , Starkweather Kathrine , Ziker John P. , Boyette Adam H. , Colleran Heidi , Moya Cristina , Du Juan , Mattison Siobhán M. , Greaves Russell , Sum Chun-Yi , Liu Ruizhe , Lew-Levy Sheina , Kiabiya Ntamboudila Francy , Prall Sean , Towner Mary C. , Blumenfield Tami , Migliano Andrea B. , Major-Smith Daniel , Dyble Mark , Salali Gul Deniz , Chaudhary Nikhil , Derkx Inez E. , Ross Cody T. , Scelza Brooke A. , Gurven Michael D. , Winterhalder Bruce P. , Cortez Carmen , Pacheco-Cobos Luis , Schacht Ryan , Macfarlan Shane J. , Leonetti Donna , French Jennifer C. , Alam Nurul , Zohora Fatema tuz , Kaplan Hillard S. , Hooper Paul L. , Sear Rebecca
Published: February 2024

While it is commonly assumed that farmers have higher, and foragers lower, fertility compared to populations practicing other forms of subsistence, robust supportive evidence is lacking. We tested whether subsistence activities—incorporating market integration—are associated with fertility in 10,250 women from 27 small-scale societies and found considerable variation in fertility. This variation did not align with group-level subsistence typologies. Societies labeled as “farmers” did not have higher fertility than others, while “foragers” did not have lower fertility. However, at the individual level, we found strong evidence that fertility was positively associated with farming and moderate evidence of a negative relationship between foraging and fertility. Markers of market integration were strongly negatively correlated with fertility. Despite strong cross-cultural evidence, these relationships were not consistent in all populations, highlighting the importance of the socioecological context, which likely influences the diverse mechanisms driving the relationship between fertility and subsistence.
El léxico coloquial proveniente del lenguaje juvenil en la lengua de ficción española e italiana, versiones originales
y meta
Authors: Muñoz Pablo Zamora
Published: February 2024

Youth lexicon has penetrated and become consolidated in the common colloquial register of adult speakers of any
given language. This study uses a comparable bilingual corpus of original Spanish and Italian series, and a parallel trilingual
corpus which includes the target Spanish and Italian versions of an analogous French series in order to investigate the use of
such voices in national and foreign serial products of both cultures. The frequency of use per minute and the repertoire of terms
inserted in the series of the two countries have been compared. The results show that the number of occurrences per minute in the
Spanish original fictional language is much higher than in the Italian one, where this kind of words and expressions are often
excluded. These data coincide with the number of occurrences per minute recorded in the Spanish and Italian target versions.
Therefore, the parallelism between the original and target products of both languages shows that hybridization and domestication
have been the predominant strategies in the translation for dubbing.
Proliferation of HIV-1 reservoir cells: The delusion of infinite growth
Authors: Lancien Melanie , Lichterfeld Mathias
Published: February 2024

Proliferation of HIV-1–infected cells contributes to viral persistence despite antiretroviral therapy. A new study by Kufera et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20231511) demonstrates that proliferative growth of cells infected with genome-intact HIV-1 is not limitless; rather, these cells seem to be at least partially refractory to TCR stimulation, restricting their ability to proliferate in response to antigenic challenge.
Classical-trajectory model for ionizing proton-ammonia molecule collisions: the role of multiple ionization
Authors: Jorge Alba , Horbatsch Marko , Kirchner Tom
Published: February 2024

We use an independent electron model with semi-classical approximation to electron dynamics to investigate differential cross sections for electron emission in fast collisions of protons with ammonia molecules. An effective potential model for the electronic orbitals is introduced, and utilized in the context of the classical-trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) approach for single-electron dynamics. Cross sections differential in electron emission angle and energy are compared with experimental data. Compared to previous scattering-theory based quantum-mechanical results the time-dependent semi-classical CTMC approach provides results of similar quality for intermediate and high ionized electron energies. We find some discrepancies in the total cross sections for q-fold ionization between the present model and independent-atom-model calculations. The double ionization cross sections are considerably larger than recent experimental data which are derived from coincidence counting of charged fragments. The calculated triple ionization cross sections exceed the experimental coincidence data for q = 3 by several orders of magnitude at intermediate energies.
Resonance Raman spectroscopy of twisted interfaces in turbostratic multilayer graphene
Authors: Mohapatra A , Poudyal S , Ramachandra Rao M S , Jaiswal Manu
Published: February 2024

Turbostratic multilayer graphene presents a unique system with a large number of twisted interfaces with variable twist angles. In this work, we have systematically studied the laser excitation energy dependence of the Raman modes of turbostratic graphene. The combination of 4 different laser energies is shown to be important to reveal the twist angles ranging from 5∘ to 30∘ present at the same lateral position of the sample. Rotational or R-modes and D-like modes are observed, which directly arise from additional momentum transfer from the potential of corresponding superlattices. Trends in their dispersion and intensity are discussed. The resonant window for laser excitation indicates lowered positions of the van Hove singularities. Furthermore, an anomalous broadening factor of 0.17–0.265 eV is estimated for the resonance window when compared to the literature on isolated twisted bilayer graphene. Interestingly, a weak dependence of the R-modes on the laser wavelength is also observed. Finally, the dispersion of the 2D modes is also presented.
Intelligent fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing based on multi-source domain fast adversarial network
Authors: She Daoming , Zhang Hongfei , Wang Hu , Yan Xiaoan , Chen Jin , Li Yaoming
Published: February 2024

Fault diagnosis of rolling bearings is among the most crucial links in the prognostic and health management of bearings. To solve the problem of single-source domain transfer learning that cannot adapt well to the target domain, a transfer diagnosis method based on multi-source domain fast adversarial network (MSDFAN) is proposed. First, signals from all domains are input into a common subnetwork of fast neural networks to reduce the complexity and network running time of neural networks. Secondly, several adversarial networks are constructed as domain specific feature extractors and then use Higher-order Moment Matching to reduce distribution differences between A and B domains. The two experimental cases of rolling bearing support the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed MSDFAN.
OPTIma: simplifying calorimetry for proton computed tomography in high proton flux environments
Authors: Winter A , Vorselaars B , Esposito M , Badiee A , Price T , Allport P , Allinson N
Published: February 2024

Objective. Proton computed tomography (pCT) offers a potential route to reducing range uncertainties for proton therapy treatment planning, however the current trend towards high current spot scanning treatment systems leads to high proton fluxes which are challenging for existing systems. Here we demonstrate a novel approach to energy reconstruction, referred to as ‘de-averaging’, which allows individual proton energies to be recovered using only a measurement of their integrated energy without the need for spatial information from the calorimeter. Approach. The method is evaluated in the context of the Optimising Proton Therapy through Imaging (OPTIma) system which uses a simple, relatively inexpensive, scintillator-based calorimeter that reports only the integrated energy deposited by all protons within a cyclotron period, alongside a silicon strip based tracking system capable of reconstructing individual protons in a high flux environment. GEANT4 simulations have been performed to examine the performance of such a system at a modern commercial cyclotron facility using a σ ≈ 10 mm beam for currents in the range 10–50 pA at the nozzle. Main results. Apart from low-density lung tissue, a discrepancy of less than 1% on the Relative Stopping Power is found for all other considered tissues when embedded within a 150 mm spherical Perspex phantom in the 10–30 pA current range, and for some tissues even up to 50 pA. Significance. By removing the need for the calorimeter system to provide spatial information, it is hoped that the de-averaging approach can facilitate clinically relevant, cost effective and less complex calorimeter systems for performing high current pCTs.
Torsional actuation and vari-stiffness characteristics of SMA/basalt hybrid braided composite tubes
Authors: Ke Jun , Zhang Yating , Wu Zhenyu , Qin Shuang , Pan Wencheng
Published: February 2024

Shape memory alloy hybrid composite (SMAHC) tubes have the potential to actively control the torsional stiffness of structures. In this work, shape memory alloy (SMA) wires orthogonally braided with basalt fiber were heated by electricity to generate the torsional torque of the SMAHC tube, and then the torsional stiffness of the tube was measured. The macroscopic finite element model of the SMAHC tube was established to assist in the analysis of the torsional stiffness variation before and after heating. According to the experimental results, the actuating torsional ability was affected by the phase transformation recovery force of SMA. The active control of torsional stiffness depends on the change of SMA modulus, the magnitude and direction of SMA wires’ recovery force, and the thermodynamic properties of matrix at different temperatures. Then an evaluation model for the torsional stiffness control effect was proposed. These research results can be used for the adaptive control of the stiffness and vibration characteristics of rotating composite structures, and provide a novel and effective method for the control of structural torsional characteristics with lightweight effects.
Adaptive optimal fault-tolerant vibration control and sensitivity analysis of semi-active suspension based on a self-powered magneto-rheological damper
Authors: Gao Xiang , Jiang Qingyan , Zhang Guangcheng , Niu Junchuan , Dong Ruichun , He Lei
Published: February 2024

To reuse the energy dissipated by vehicle suspension, a semi-active suspension with a self-powered magneto-rheological damper is proposed. An electromechanical coupling model of self-powered semi-active suspension is established. The energy conversion efficiency is defined and investigated by changing the electrical parameters. By considering unmodeled dynamics and perturbation values, an adaptive optimal fault-tolerant control algorithm is proposed to ensure the vibration-isolation performance. The robust index of the adaptive optimal fault-tolerant control algorithm is constructed using the Lyapunov equation and evaluated by changing the key parameters. The sensitivity of the key parameters to the damping force is investigated using a grey relation analysis approach. Furthermore, multi-objective optimization between the vibration-isolation capability and energy harvesting is conducted. Via analysis, the proposed suspension can harvest more energy near the second resonance range. Compared to passive control and self-powered mode, the adaptive optimal control algorithm mitigates vibration more significantly in the time and frequency domains, respectively, under stochastic excitation. The robust index is most sensitive to inductance and the diameter of the magnetism cylinder. The length of the damping channel and the diameter of the magnetism cylinder influence the sensitivity of key parameters to the damping force most obviously.
Towards the generation of mechanical Kerr-cats: awakening the perturbative quantum Moyal corrections to classical motion
Authors: Cortiñas Rodrigo G
Published: February 2024

The quantum to classical transition is determined by the interplay of a trio of parameters: dissipation, nonlinearity, and macroscopicity. Why is nonlinearity needed to see quantum effects? And, is not an ordinary pendulum quite nonlinear already? In this manuscript, we discuss the parameter regime where the dynamics of a massive oscillator should be quantum mechanical in the presence of dissipation. We review the outstanding challenge of the dynamical generation of highly quantum mechanical cat states of a massive ‘pendulum’, known as Kerr-cats. We argue that state-of-the-art cold atom experiments may be in a position to reach such a nonlinear regime, which today singles out superconducting quantum circuits. A way to stabilize Schrödinger cat superpositions of a mechanical atomic oscillator via parametric squeezing and further protected by an unusual form of quantum interference is discussed. The encoding of a neutral atom Kerr-cat qubit is proposed.
Non-resonant contributions to three-body D → K
(s)
π
ω decays
Authors: Amirkhanlou Elnaz , Mohammadi Behnam
Published: February 2024

Recently, the BESIII collaboration has reported an improved measurement of the branching fraction for D
0 → K
−
π
+
ω decay, the first observations and branching fraction measurements for

D

0

→

K

S

0

π

0

ω

and

D

+

→

K

S

0

π

+

ω

decays with the values of (3.392 ± 0.044
stat
± 0.085
syst
)%, (0.848 ± 0.046
stat
± 0.031
syst
)%, and (0.707 ± 0.041
stat
± 0.029
syst
)%, respectively. In this work, we have obtained the non-resonant amplitudes under the factorization approach. The calculated values for branch ratios are

B
(

D

0

→

K

−

π

+

ω
)
=
(
3.302
±
0.195
)
%

,

B
(

D

0

→

K

S

0

π

0

ω
)
=
(
0.782
±
0.067
)
%

, and

B
(

D

+

→

K

S

0

π

+

ω
)
=
(
0.702
±
0.111
)
%

which are in good agreement with reported experimental values.
Coherent structures of beam-driven whistler mode in the presence of magnetic islands in the magnetopause
Authors: Jyoti  , Sharma Suresh C , Sharma R P
Published: February 2024

The Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS) has perceived whistler wave generation, coherent structures, and related turbulence close to the magnetopause reconnection zones. The current research examines coherent structure of whistler wave driven by an intense electron beam at the magnetopause’s magnetic reconnection sites as well as by the dynamic growth of magnetic islands. A nonlinear model of high-frequency whistler wave and low-frequency magnetosonic wave has been developed by using the two-fluid approximation. Nonlinear dynamics of 3D whistler wave and magnetosonic wave have been solved by the pseudo spectral method along with the predictor-corrector method and finite difference method. The simulation’s outcomes demonstrate the temporal and spatial development of the whistler localized structures and current sheets as a witness to the turbulence’s existence. Moreover, the turbulent power spectra have been investigated. The formation of the thermal tail of energetic electrons has been studied using the power-law scaling of turbulence development. We determined the scale sizes of current sheets and localized structures using a semi-analytic model and showed that these scale sizes rely on the power of whistler wave. We predict that the acceleration of the energetic electrons and heating in the Magnetopause may be caused by whistler wave.
Enhanced magnon blockade in a magnomechanical system
Authors: Li Chun-Hui , Xiong Biao , Wei Yue , Shan Chuan-Jia
Published: February 2024

Magnon blockade is one of the effective methods for realizing single magnon sources which have great potential application in quantum information processing and quantum computing. To enhance single-magnon blockade effect, we introduce a two-magnon driving to the magnomechanical system, which is used to form the multipath destructive interference. Our result shows that both the conventional magnon blockade (CMB) and unconventional magnon blockade (UMB) can be achieved due to nonlinear term of the magnon-mechanical oscillator and magnetic parametric amplification term(MPA) induced by two-magnon driving. By setting certain parameters of MPA, we combine the effect of CMB and UMB. As a result, the single-magnon blockade effect is enhanced, and the disadvantage of rapid oscillations of the time-delay second-order correlation function g
(2)(τ) with UMB is overcome, which makes high time resolution not necessary in the detection of second-order correlation function.
Elucidating the impact of Dy2O3 substitution on structure, optical, photoluminescence and mechanical properties of borosilicate glass
Authors: Abouhaswa A S , Abomostafa H M , Nasr M H , Rabiea E A
Published: February 2024

This work aims to investigate the changes in characteristics seen in the composition 60B2O3+ (30–x) BaO + 10SiO2 + xDy2O3 where x is 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mole% glass samples. Melt-quenching technique was used to prepare the glass samples. A variety of analytical techniques were employed to characterize the prepared glasses, such as x-ray, Raman, photoluminescence, and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy. XRD spectra verified the glassy nature. The glasses’ compactness was studied using structural properties such as density, molar volume, and oxygen packing density. Makishima-Mackenzie’s (M-M) method was used to determine mechanical parameters such as elastic moduli, Poisson’s ratio, and hardness, and it was found that these properties decreased with increasing Dy2O3 concentration. Glass absorption spectra showed eleven distinct peaks in the range 300–2000 nm, resulting from Dy3+ electronic transitions. Urbach energy, refractive index, and optical band gap energy were determined. The optical parameters, such as molar refraction, molar polarizability, reflection loss, optical transmission, metallization, and optical electronegativity, were estimated. The photoluminescence spectra revealed five distinct peaks in the 400–800 nm wavelength range under excitation at 325 nm.
Entropic characterization of stabilizer states and magic states
Authors: Li Huihui , Luo Shunlong , Zhang Yue
Published: February 2024

Quantum states with minimum or maximum uncertainty are of special significance due to their extreme properties. Celebrated examples are coherent states induced from certain Lie groups and intelligent states for various uncertainty relations. In this work, by virtue of the Maassen-Uffink entropic uncertainty relation, we introduce an entropic quantifier of uncertainty and use it to characterize several important families of states in the stabilizer formalism of quantum computation. More specifically, we show that the stabilizer states and T-type magic states stand at the two extremes of the entropic quantifier of uncertainty: The former are precisely the minimum entropic uncertainty states, while the latter are precisely the maximum entropic uncertainty states. Moreover, interpolating between the above two extremes, the H-type magic states are the saddle points of the entropic quantifier of uncertainty. These entropic characterizations reveal some intrinsic features of stabilizer states, H- and T-type magic states, and cast novel light on the resource-theoretic viewpoint of regarding the stabilizer states as free states and the T-type magic states as the most precious source states in the stabilizer quantum theory.
Microfluidic technology combined with density functional theory for investigating terahertz spectral characteristics of hyaluronic acid and its constituent monomers
Authors: Yan Bingxin , Zhao Yuhan , Hou Zeyu , Su Bo , Cui Hailin , Zhang Shengbo , Zhang Cunlin
Published: February 2024

Terahertz spectroscopy offers a valuable approach for material research, particularly in identifying unique characteristics of biological macromolecules within the terahertz band. Hyaluronic acid, a polysaccharide involved in vital life processes within the human body, holds significant application potential in medicine and healthcare. In this study, we employed a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system combined with microfluidic chip to investigate the terahertz absorption spectra of hyaluronic acid and its constituent monomers, namely D-glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine. The analysis covered solid state under vacuum and humidity of 19.8% environment , as well as solution state, spanning a frequency range of 0.5 ∼ 2.5 THz. In addition, using CASTEP software package and PBE density functional, the molecular structures of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine were simulated using periodic boundary conditions, and the vibrational modes of absorption peaks were assigned to determine their sources. The results indicate that terahertz spectroscopy is highly sensitive to the structure and environment of substances, and the absorption peaks of materials in a vacuum are primarily attributed to interactions both between molecules and within molecules.
Modeling and investigating the spread of COVID-19 dynamics with Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative: a numerical prospective
Authors: Raza Nauman , Raza Ali , Asad Ullah Muhammad , Gómez-Aguilar J F
Published: February 2024

Fractional-order models have been used in the study of COVID-19 to incorporate memory and hereditary properties into the systems Moira and Xu (2003) Respirology 8 S9â14. These models have been applied to analyze the dynamics and behavior of the novel coronavirus. Various fractional-order models have been proposed, including the SIR and SEIR models, with the addition of compartments such as asymptomatic classes and virus repositories. Overall, fractional-order models have proven to be effective in studying the dynamics and spread of COVID-19. In this paper, we propose a nonlinear fractional model employing the Atangana-Baleanu derivative to describe COVID-19. To offer a clearer perspective, our investigation incorporates two distinct quarantine stages within the population. The first quarantine class consists of individuals who have not yet contracted the virus but have chosen to self-isolate at home. The second quarantine class encompasses individuals who are infected and are undergoing quarantine in hospitals. Additionally, we introduce a vaccination class, consisting of the portion of the population that has received the COVID-19 vaccination and is now at a reduced risk of infection. Fixed point theorems are employed to prove the existence and uniqueness of the solutions. The model’s threshold parameter

R

0

is calculated to investigate the pandemic’s future dynamics. The Toufik-Atangana scheme is applied to obtain numerical solutions for the fractional model. Further, we analyzed the data to assess how vaccination impacts the spread of the virus.The model includes two novel parameters to determine the speed and effectiveness of vaccination measures. To evaluate the accuracy of our model, we simulate the graphical results of this stage and compared them with integer-order derivative. The mathematical model for COVID-19 shows that both equilibrium points are locally stable. Moreover, to gain a deeper understanding of the disease, we conduct a sensitivity analysis to examine the effect of parameters on

R

0

. The study recommends continuing hospitalization and home isolation for infected individuals until virus transmission reduces sufficiently after vaccination. The given model provides useful insights into the pandemic’s dynamics and suggests measures for controlling its spread.
Local density distribution of confined fermi gas in various nano-scale geometries
Authors: Firat Coskun
Published: February 2024

This study aims to investigate local density variations of Fermi gases confined in various geometries at the nano-scale, revealing irregularities even in thermodynamic equilibrium. Calculations show that density of the confined gas in a nano scale domain, decreases towards zero near domain boundaries due to a quantum boundary layer linked to the Planck constant. Additionally, Friedel-like density oscillations are observed in nano-confined Fermi gases. Analytical expressions for the local density distribution are derived for degenerate and one-dimensional scenarios, while numerical computations are conducted for complex geometries and weak degeneracy conditions. In line with existing literature, it is understood that the quantum-size effects observed in the global thermodynamic properties of confined gases are attributed to these local irregularities. It becomes evident that in areas smaller than the threshold determined by the quantum boundary layer, the gas empties the part of the domain or reaches lower densities in the considered part relative to other parts of the domain, despite being in thermodynamic equilibrium. The results indicate the potential for gases to benefit from these behaviors and suggest the possibility of designing and manufacturing new nano-scale machines that are not feasible on a macro-scale.
Optical Feedback FM-to-AM Conversion with integrated Micro-Ring Resonator for Displacement Sensing Applications
Authors: Deleau Clément , Cheng Seat Han , Surre Frederic , Zabit Usman , Calmon Pierre-François , Bernal Olivier
Published: February 2024

In this study, we show the capability of integrated Micro-Ring Resonators (MRRs) to perform frequency-to-amplitude (FM-to-AM) conversion of optical feedback interferometry (OFI) signals with improved signal-to-noise ratio compared to conventional AM OFI signals. Further, contrary to traditional OFI FM-to-AM conversion techniques using gas cell-based edge filters and free-space or fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (MZI), integrated photonic processing offers greater compactness and perturbation resilience, enhancing noise performance through improved temperature control and immunity to parasitic mechanical vibrations. The OFI FM-to-AM conversion was performed with a fabricated silicon nitride MRR of radius 120 μm and a quality factor of 130,000. The FM-to-AM conversion factor achieved was 0.61 GHz−1, with a noise equivalent displacement of only 4.9 nm for a 1 kHz bandwidth. This demonstration highlights the potential of integrated edge filters to replace traditional freespace and fiber architectures, more prone to environmental perturbations, in OFI signal processing for vibrometric applications.
Statistical behaviour of laser Doppler vibrometer detector signals and application of statistics for signal diversity
Authors: Wang Fangjian , Rembe Christian
Published: February 2024

The problem of speckle noise and the so-called signal dropouts is well-known by many LDV sensors. Signal power is reduced when less light power is scattered into the detection aperture due to laser speckle. Signal dropouts occur when the carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) of the photodetector signal falls below the frequency modulation (FM) threshold. This problem can be resolved with signal diversity. However, the influence of the speckle noise and signal dropouts has not been quantitatively analysed the state of the art. We introduce in this paper a new mathematical model of the statistical behaviour of detector signals of LDV sensors. This allows us to calculate the influence of speckle noise and signal dropouts on the detector signals of LDV sensors. Furthermore, we optimize the signal combination method of signal diversity according to the state of the art. Finally, we present some experimental results to prove our mathematical model and signal diversity for reducing speckle noise and signal dropouts.
Particle removal performance of a novel ESP type air cleaning system for indoor air quality in a subway station
Authors: Joon Kim Hak , Lee Haneol , Lee Gwangtaek , Han Bangwoo , Jin Kim Yong
Published: February 2024

A novel electrostatic precipitation type air cleaning technology with near zero ozone emission for indoor air quality of a subway station was developed. To minimize ozone emission and achieve high particle removal performance against ultrafine particulate matters (PMs), a multi-channel charging method using soft ionization by micrometre carbon fibers and a narrow gap collection method using high electric field by thin conductive plastic sheets as a high voltage electrode were used. In this study, the novel electrostatic charging and collection technologies were applied to a real scale air cleaning system in an Air Handling Unit (AHU) with air flow rate of 950 m3/min in Yuseong Oncheon subway station with an area of 3000 m2 in Daejeon, South Korea. The particle removal performance of the demonstration system was evaluated with real suspended particles in the subway station during test period with high PM concentrations in Korea over 40 μg/m3. Particle collection efficiency, pressure drop and ozone emission were evaluated, and compared to those of the a minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) 10 and 14 filters used in the typical subway stations in Korea. In the field researches, the developed ESP achieved over 80% of the PM collection efficiency higher than those of the filters with MERV-10 and -14, and even 10% higher efficiency against PM1.0, while generating only 10% of pressure drop and also emitting nearly zero ozone. It is concluded that a novel ESP type air cleaning system with near zero ozone emission could be a promising air cleaning method for a large indoor environment such as a subway station where polluted air with ultrafine particles flowed in with a very high flow rate.
Significant Research and Technology Landscape on Electrostatically Charged Sprays for Agro-Food and Health Industry
Authors: Kumar Patel Mamoj , Rani Raj , Sohel Aamir , Chauhan Aarti
Published: February 2024

The trans-disciplinary aspects of the embryonic field of electrostatic spraying have provided a major motivation to researchers for the development of novel techniques for spraying of protective coatings to perishable food commodities for enhanced shelf-life, protective agents for health and hygiene in addition to other applications of sprays to manufacturing, transportation, agriculture, environment, medical facilities and devices. It has become the motives behind the renewed curiosity in the usage of the electrostatics in liquid based sprays. This provides an efficient and uniform transportation of liquid based agents which avoids the wastage of natural resource with enhanced performance. Edible coatings and incorporation of nutrition and active ingredients may improve fruit quality providing foodstuffs supplemented with extra flavour and a delicious, tantalizing and mouth-watering appearance. Electrostatic spray technology for coating of antioxidants and edible films for food products and fruits preservation is a sustainable development strategy in this revolutionary technology era that has gained a lot of attention owing to its importance in enhancing the shelf life of foods keeping its nutritional and sensory properties. Electrostatic disinfection and sanitization has gained a lot of attention and people became more alert about health and hygiene during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although few research initiatives have been taken over the past years, the work largely remains in the nascent stage as far as field-scale technology development and commercialization is concerned. These technological and life sustaining technologies will overall lead to improvement in the quality of life. A significant value of the charge-to-mass ratio (Q/M) of 4.83 mC/kg was achieved at applied air pressure of 4 bar and liquid flow rate of 130 ml/min at a target distance of 10 cm from the nozzle tip.
Functional characterization of polymeric organic scintillation material for preclinical imaging applications.
Authors: Aguilar-Uribe Israel , Vera-Tizatl Pamela , Chairez Isaac , Santos-Cuevas Leticia , Ramírez-Nava Gerardo
Published: February 2024

This study is aimed at evaluating scintillating plastic
blocks with scintillation characteristics matching a highly
efficient charge-coupled device (CCD) for preclinical
nuclear/radioisotopic imaging. A composite layer formed with an
array of plastic blocks is operated as an image collection
device. The scintillating layer used four EJ 204 plastic
scintillators attached to a 3D-printed supporting piece made from
polylactic acid and made up by using an additive manufacturing
developing strategy. An image processing algorithm was developed in
MATLAB to characterize the response of the scintillation material
and to obtain the distribution of radioactive samples in
bi-dimensional images. To obtain functional images, a set of
correction techniques to reduce scattered radiation was implemented
in the collected images. By integrating the radiation detection
stage with a robotic rotation system, a three-dimensional
reconstruction of a murine model was obtained. The reconstructed
preclinical image was overlayed with an X-ray to obtain a
functional-anatomical visualization of the radio-pharmaceutical
99mTc-RGD in the studied murine model. The assessed polymeric
organic blocks are competitive to professional nuclear/radioisotopic
imaging scintillators considering the obtained temporal response and
the imaging captured information.
Reliable precipitation nowcasting using probabilistic diffusion models
Authors: Nai Congyi , Pan Baoxiang , Chen Xi , Tang Qiuhong , Ni Guangheng , Duan Qingyun , Lu Bo , Xiao Ziniu , Liu Xingcai
Published: February 2024

Precipitation nowcasting is a crucial element in current weather service systems. Data-driven methods have proven highly advantageous, due to their flexibility in utilizing detailed initial hydrometeor observations, and their capability to approximate meteorological dynamics effectively given sufficient training data. However, current data-driven methods often encounter severe approximation/optimization errors, rendering their predictions and associated uncertainty estimates unreliable. Here a probabilistic diffusion model-based precipitation nowcasting methodology is introduced, overcoming the notorious blurriness and mode collapse issues in existing practices. Diffusion models learn a sequential of neural networks to reverse a pre-defined diffusion process that generates the probability distribution of future precipitation fields. The precipitation nowcasting based on diffusion model results in a 3.7% improvement in continuous ranked probability score compared to state-of-the-art generative adversarial model-based method. Critically, diffusion model significantly enhance the reliability of forecast uncertainty estimates, evidenced in a 68% gain of spread-skill ratio skill. As a result, diffusion model provides more reliable probabilistic precipitation nowcasting, showing the potential to better support weather-related decision makings.
Error bounds for Lie group representations in quantum mechanics
Authors: van Luijk Lauritz , Galke Niklas , Hahn Alexander , Burgarth Daniel
Published: February 2024

We provide state-dependent error bounds for strongly continuous unitary representations of connected Lie groups. That is, we bound the difference of two unitaries applied to a state in terms of the energy with respect to a reference Hamiltonian associated with the representation and a left-invariant metric distance on the group. Our method works for any connected Lie group, and the metric is independent of the chosen representation. The approach also applies to projective representations and allows us to provide bounds on the energy-constrained diamond norm distance of any suitably continuous channel representation of the group.
Experiments for a power law of near-surface mean velocity profiles in stratified boundary layers
Authors: Mouri Hideaki , Morinaga Takeshi , Yagi Toshimasa
Published: February 2024

Through a series of experiments in a wind tunnel, we study the near-surface profiles of the mean streamwise velocity in thermally stratified boundary layers. The surface is horizontal and is smooth or roughened by rods. We heat or chill this surface to achieve that stratification. Temperature-compensated hot-film anemometry is used to measure the mean streamwise velocity. Within the transition sublayer, lying in between the surface and the constant-flux sublayer, we find that the velocity profile is always a power-law function of the height from the surface. Its exponent ranges from 0.01 to 0.2 and increases with the surface roughness and the surface temperature. We summarize these findings in a formula and discuss its applications to the atmospheric boundary layer via the so-called Reynolds number similarity.
Do perception factors affect adaptation behaviours against air pollution among vulnerable occupation groups? evidence from chittagong and dehradun
Authors: Bajracharya Sugat B , Maharjan Amina , Singh Nidhi , Sanyal Nandini , Singh Vishal , Islam Sheikh Tawhidul
Published: February 2024

Air pollution is a key environmental issue affecting the urban population in the urban cities of Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) countries. It is particularly detrimental to marginalized occupation groups like street vendors, labourers and drivers who work outdoors for their livelihood. There are mitigation strategies to reduce the brunt of air pollution that work in the long run. However, these strategies will need time to implement and operationalize. Adaptation behaviours and measures, in this context, are urgently required and become vital to cope with the impacts of air pollution exposure especially for highly exposed informal workers who have very little means of avoiding it. Adaptation behaviour is very complex and depends on socioeconomic and psychological factors. In this paper, we assess the impact of psychological factors like perception and motivation on the adaptive behaviour of the informal workers using Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). Our findings from Dehradun show that concern behaviour towards air pollution was strongly affected by motivation and perception factors. Adaptive behaviour in the form of both concern behavior and the extent of use of additional protective measures is dependent on how the risks of air pollution and related adaptation measures are perceived by the workers. In addition to this, certain adaptation behaviours like changing or adjusting the daily normal behaviour to avoid air pollution exposure are not feasible as they have direct implications on daily wage earnings.
Airflow resistance analysis of wire screens used in waste heat recovery systems
Authors: Mahesh K , Jayaraman B
Published: February 2024

Wire screens are widely used in electronics, refrigeration, insect screens, food processing, filtration, oil refinery, agricultural, and other applications. For instance, these wire screens are used as heat exchange materials in regenerators due to higher surface area density. Heat transmission can typically be enhanced by increasing the surface area density of wire screens, however flow obstruction is a possibility. As a result, this wire screen analysis is necessary not only to estimate the heat transfer rate but also to assess the airflow obstruction. This extensive study investigates the role of wire screens in a wind tunnel on the different velocities of air moving through them in order to compute the pressure drop. Six wire screens were examined as part of this investigation, and the experimental results were utilised to derive the coefficients of second order polynomials (a,b, and c). Permeability and inertial factor were calculated using this second order polynomial and Forchheimer’s equations. Second-order polynomial equations were found to be the best fit for the permeability versus porosity ratio and the inertial factor versus porosity ratio.