bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Sigatoka Leaf Spot Disease in Banana Using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
Authors: Samridhi Srinjal , Kalpana M. , Parimalarangan R. , Palanichamy N. Venkatesa
Published: August 2023

Aim: Rapid and Early identification of the cause of the disease enables prompt selection of the protection method and reduces the yield loss. Lag in disease diagnosis reduces the crop output and increases the cost of cultivation. To overcome this problem, deep learning techniques are used to identify Sigatoka leaf spot disease in bananas through image detection. CNN is a dependable method to identify the disease at the initial stages to help farmers.

Place and Duration of the Study: Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu agricultural university, Coimbatore. Duration of the experiment was three months.

Methodology: Image of diseased leaves and healthy leaves were collected from the different areas of Pollachi and Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Variations in colors were removed and the quality of the image was enhanced to increase the accuracy. The image dataset comprised                        of a total of 2008 images of banana Sigatoka leaf spot and healthy banana leaves for differentiation and evaluation. Initial stage of training includes loading of the image data for training, determining the learning rate, running the optimizer, and compiling the training convolution model. The                 model's accuracy is assessed in the last step, saving the accuracy and loss occurred during training.

Results: The experiment result shows that disease detection accuracy of the intended model is 96.41%. It gives higher accuracy and improved performance.
Regulation and Expression of Phytohormones for Root Architectural Trait Development in Rice: A Review
Authors: Majhi Prasanta Kumar , Pradhan Sarita , Behera Partha Pratim , Bisane Ritik Digamber , Sharma Prashant Kumar
Published: August 2023

The root system architecture (RSA) in monocotyledonous plants like rice is consists of primary roots, lateral roots, seminal/crown roots, and root hairs. The soil nutrients also influence many physiological processes via various root parameters like root length, root diameter and root angle for growth and development. The variation in root system architecture in rice is influenced by the intrinsic factors (phytohormones, transcription factors) and extrinsic factors (light, temperature and moisture) and their collective effect. The phytohormones such as; auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid and ethylene, and their mutual effects play vital role for root architectural trait development. Many genes/QTLs were identified in rice which are strong role player for root development. But the biochemical signaling pathways are not completely understood. The modern molecular tools like genome editing, sequencing and multi-omics (transcriptomics and proteomics) approaches and multi-disciplinary system biology studies can provide a better solution for this issue. To improve the sustainable food grain production under extreme environment, it is important to understand the physiological and biochemical mechanism of root development. Moreover, it is imperative to establish a resilient root system in rice cultivation in order to mitigate the overuse of chemical fertilizers, enhance nutrient efficiency, and improve climate resilience of the plant.
Response of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracae var botrytis L.) to Soil Application with Olive Mill Wastewater, Vinasse and Potassium Humate and its Reflection on Growth, Curds Yield, Dry Seed Yield and Enzyme Activity
Authors: Ramdan Amel Ibrahim , El-Gabry Khadiga I. M. , Ismail Ashraf Y.
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was achieved over two consecutive winter seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 at Qaha Research Farm, Qaliobia Governorate, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Egypt. The study aimed to assess the positive impacts of using of Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW), vinasse and potassium humate at varying application rates (0, 50 and 100%) of each as soil application on plant growth, curds yield parameters, dry seed yield and its components, quality and seeds chemical composition of cauliflower Amshiry cv. The physical and chemical characteristics of the soil were evaluated, including enzymatic activity in the soil rhizosphere, specifically oxidoreductase enzymes such as catalase and peroxidase. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with seven treatments and three replicates. The obtained results demonstrated that applying 50% 0f vinasse followed by 50% of potassium humate led to enhanced plant growth, increased total curd yield, improved dry seed yield and its components, and positively impacted the physical and chemical properties of the investigated soil. The addition of 50% vinasse or 50% K- humate yielded the most favorable outcomes compared to other treatments or the control and at the same time save and reduce mineral fertilizer recommendation of cauliflower by 50 %. The most successful treatment, involving 50% vinasse application, resulted in a 34.7% and 31.6% increase in total curd yield (ton/ fed.)  and a 28.7% and 30.6% increase in dry seed yield (kg/fed) over the control for the two experimental seasons, respectively.
The Treatment of Soft Tissue Hydatidosis through an Oncological Approach: A Review of 13 Cases with an Average Follow-Up of 43 Months
Authors: Safali Selim , Aydin Bahattin Kerem
Published: August 2023

Aim: The primary aim of this retrospective study was to assess the clinical results, instances of local recurrence, and the occurrence of complications related to the utilization of antihelminthic chemotherapy and comprehensive resection in patients diagnosed with muscle or bone hydatidosis.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 13 patients diagnosed with muscular hydatid disease. The study included 13 patients (8 males and 5 females) who were treated for muscle hydatidosis between 2010 and 2020. The average age at the time of surgery was 38 years, ranging from 23 to 52 years. All patients underwent comprehensive resection and received preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy using albendazole. The follow-up period averaged 43 months, ranging from 32 to 60 months.

Results: All patients exhibited positive clinical outcomes, and no instances of local recurrence were observed. Surgical complications were encountered in 3 patients (23%): one case of superficial infection and two cases of hematoma. An additional surgical procedure (local debridement and vacuum-assisted drainage system) was required for one patient (8%). Employing an aggressive approach involving antihelminthic chemotherapy and extensive resection resulted in favorable clinical outcomes and reduced the risk of local recurrence in patients with musculoskeletal hydatidosis. While potential complications from aggressive surgery should be weighed, they are still preferable over the potential morbidity associated with local and systemic dissemination.

Conclusion: Muscular hydatid cysts are rare, and wide resection together albendazol treatment are effective in patients with soft-tissue hydatid cysts.
Water-Supply Potability Status of Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS)
Authors: Sakib K. M. Rashidul Islam , Islam Sadia , Rahaman Shohanur , Ferdous Khaleda , Rahman Md. Ashiqur , Hossen Md. Al-Amin , Islam Md. Rashidul , Rimu Adiatuj Jahan
Published: August 2023

Water that is free of disease-producing microorganisms and chemical substances harmful to health is called potable water. Drinking water quality has a microbiological and a physicochemical dimension. In public water supply systems, water should be disinfected. This observational study was conducted through a multiple-tube method. And the water supply channel of Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS) served as the study's sample. Using an aseptic procedure, 105 ml of water from various sources is collected for each sample on a conical flask. The selected sample was from the four different water supply points at BUHS institution. From sample 1, the MPN (Most Probable Number) index we found the combination of positive sets (0-1-0). The MPN value per 100ml water is (1). From sample 2, the MPN index we found the combination of positive sets (1-1-1). The MPN value per 100ml water is (5). From sample 3, the MPN index we found the combination of positive sets (1-2-1). The MPN value per 100ml water is (7). From sample 4, the MPN index we found the combination of positive sets (0-1-0). The MPN value per 100ml water is (1). In Dhaka city, there is a possibility of contamination of the water sources. Bangladesh University of Health Sciences is a renowned institution with a big number of staff. So, it is important to examine the water condition in this institution. Our work and research reflect a little about it. Gladly and hopefully, we found that there is no pathogenic organism in the water of this institution which is used every day and everybody drinks.
homens marítimos, as manifestações religiosas e o tráfico de escravos entre a Bahia e a costa atlântica africana na Idade Barroca (1750-1808)
Authors: Jesus Gabriel Silva de
Published: August 2023

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a atuação dos trabalhadores marítimos no comércio de escravizados entre a Bahia, a Costa da Mina e Angola, no período compreendido entre os anos 1750 e 1808. Ele está subdividido em três eixos distintos. Primeiro, destacamos como os oficiais marítimos cultuavam o catolicismo, salientando, dentre outras características, a vida material. Num segundo momento, estudamos a maneira através da qual algumas práticas religiosas, próprias do catolicismo, manifestam-se na cultura marítima. Por fim, refletimos sobre os capelães no funcionamento do tráfico de escravizados. Todas essas realidades evidenciam que as engrenagens das ações do tráfico negreiro também perpassam pela presença da mentalidade, do imaginário e da essência do barroco católico, influenciador da sociedade baiana colonial.
histórias plurais da antropologia e da sociologia na Índia
Authors: Ferreira Vinicius
Published: August 2023

Neste artigo, abordo a história da sociologia e da antropologia na Índia desde a sua institucionalização nos anos de 1910 até os mais recentes, focando nos embates teóricos e políticos próprios à formação dessas disciplinas naquele país. Primeiramente, demonstro que, por razões próprias ao contexto colonial indiano, a antropologia social é abarcada pela sociologia. Em seguida, restituo historicamente a hegemonia de G. S. Ghurye e da Universidade de Bombaim na definição da pesquisa e do ensino da disciplina no país. Exploro então a emergência da Universidade de Deli com M. N. Srinivas como símbolo de uma nova hegemonia institucional e teórica, investida numa análise estrutural-funcionalista engajada com a Índia recém-independente. Em contraponto às narrativas sobre Srinivas como grande sociólogo indiano, apresento correntes alternativas, notadamente a Escola de Lucknow. Finalizo com debates que se iniciam nos anos de 1970 no contexto de regionalização da universidade e diversificação do público em termos interseccionais, apontando para os novos desafios contemporâneos do campo disciplinar.
Inadequacy of Current Screening Measures for Health-Related Social Needs
Authors: Garg Arvin , LeBlanc Alison , Raphael Jean L.
Published: August 2023

This Viewpoint discusses recently established quality measures designed to screen patients for health-related social needs and how they may not only come up short, but impede progress in health equity.
Incidence, Stage, Treatment, and Survival of Noncardia Gastric Cancer
Authors: van Velzen Merel J. M. , Braemer Michelle , Nieuwenhuijzen Grard A. P. , van Sandick Johanna W. , Siersema Peter D. , Ruurda Jelle P. , Verheij Marcel , Spaander Manon C. W. , Beerepoot Laurens V. , Haj Mohammad Nadia , van Laarhoven Hanneke W. M. , Verhoeven Rob H. A.
Published: August 2023

Importance

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide, and investigating its incidence, characteristics, treatment, and outcomes over the past decades can help in selecting clinical strategies and future research directions.

Objective

To analyze the trends in incidence, staging, and treatment of gastric cancer.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This nationwide, population-based cohort study included patients diagnosed with noncardia gastric cancer (NCGC) between 1989 and 2021 in the Netherlands.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Differences in tumor characteristics, treatment, and survival were analyzed per fixed time periods (1989-1993, 1994-1998, 1999-2003, 2004-2008, 2009-2013, 2014-2018, and 2019-2021).

Results

In total, 47 014 patients (median [IQR] age, 73 [64-80] years; 28 032 [60%] male patients) were identified with mostly adenocarcinomas of the antrum region (when location was known). Age-standardized incidence decreased from 20.3 to 6.1 per 100 000 person-years between 1989 and 2021. During the study period, unknown T and N stages were recorded less frequently, and metastatic disease was diagnosed more frequently (1989-1993: 2633 of 9493 patients [28%]; 2019-2021: 1503 of 3200 patients [47%] in 2019-2021). Over time, fewer patients with metastatic disease underwent surgery with or without other treatment modalities (68% in 1989-1993 vs 64% in 2019-2021), and palliative chemotherapy in metastatic NCGC increased from 9% to 40%. For patients with nonmetastatic disease, 5-year relative survival improved from 28% (95% CI, 26.5%-29.2%) to 36% (95% CI, 33.5%-37.6%) between 1989 and 2021. For patients with nonmetastatic disease undergoing a resection, 5-year survival increased from 40% (95% CI, 38.3%-41.8%) to 51% (95% CI, 47.9%-53.3%). For patients with metastatic disease, 1-year relative survival increased from 10% (95% CI, 8.7%-11.1%) to 19% (95% CI, 17.2%-21.6%), but 3-year relative survival remained poor at 5% (95% CI, 3.6%-7.5%).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this nationwide cohort study involving 47 014 patients diagnosed with NCGC (1989-2021), the results showed a decrease in incidence, more accurate staging, a shift in treatment modalities, and improved patient survival.
Psychotropic Medication and Psychotropic Polypharmacy Among Children and Adolescents in the US Child Welfare System
Authors: Radel Laura F. , Ali Mir M. , West Kristina , Lieff Sarah A.
Published: August 2023

This cross-sectional study evaluates rates of psychotropic medication and polypharmacy use among youths in the US child welfare system compared with other youths with Medicaid coverage in 2019.
Modeling the hydrological and mechanical effect of roots on shallow landslides
Authors: Arnone E. , Caracciolo D. , Noto L. V. , Preti F. , Bras R. L.
Published: August 2023

This study proposes a new methodology for estimating the additional shear strength (or cohesion) exerted by vegetation roots on slope stability analysis within a coupled hydrological‐stability model. The mechanical root cohesion is estimated within a Fiber Bundle Model framework that allows for the evaluation of the root strength as a function of stress‐strain relationships of populations of fibers. The use of such model requires the knowledge of the root architecture. A branching topology model based on Leonardo's rule is developed, providing an estimation of the amount of roots and the distribution of diameters with depth. The proposed methodology has been implemented into an existing distributed hydrological‐stability model able to simulate the dynamics of factor of safety as a function of soil moisture dynamics. The model also accounts for the hydrological effects of vegetation, which reduces soil water content via root water uptake, thus increasing the stability. The entire methodology has been tested in a synthetic hillslope with two configurations of vegetation type, i.e., trees and shrubs, which have been compared to a configuration without vegetation. The vegetation has been characterized using roots data of two mediterranean plant species. The results demonstrate the capabilities of the topological model in accurately reproducing the observed root structure of the analyzed species. For the environmental setting modeled, the effects of root uptake might be more significant than the mechanical reinforcement; the additional resistance depends strictly on the vegetation root depth. Finally, for the simulated climatic environment, landslides are seasonal, in agreement with past observations.
Transition‐Metal–Catalyzed Asymmetric Sulfoxidation in Drug and Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Scarso Alessandro , Strukul Giorgio
Published: August 2023

This chapter covers the recent literature dealing with the synthesis of both natural products and drugs bearing a chiral sulfoxide moiety. In particular, stereoselective sulfoxidation methods with chiral metal catalysts are described. For the different target molecules, a brief discussion of the pharmacological properties is given, and for selected examples, a typical experimental procedure for the synthesis and isolation is reported.
Synergistic Active Phases of Transition Metal Oxide Heterostructures for Highly Efficient Ammonia Electrosynthesis
Authors: Yin Di , Chen Dong , Zhang Yuxuan , Wang Weijun , Quan Quan , Wang Wei , Meng You , Lai Zhengxun , Yang Zhe , Yip SenPo , Wong Chun‐Yuen , Bu Xiuming , Wang Xianying , Ho Johnny C.
Published: August 2023

Electrochemically converting waste nitrate (NO3−) into ammonia (NH3) is a green route for both wastewater treatment and high‐value‐added ammonia generation. However, the NO3−‐to‐NH3 reaction involves multistep electron transfer and complex intermediates, making it a grand challenge to drive efficient NO3− electroreduction with high NH3 selectivity. Herein, an in‐operando electrochemically synthesized Cu2O/NiO heterostructure electrocatalyst is proven for efficient NH3 electrosynthesis. In situ Raman spectroscopy reveals that the obtained Cu2O/NiO, induced by the electrochemistry‐driven phase conversion, is the real active phase. This electronically coupled phase can modulate the interfacial charge distribution, dramatically lower the overpotential in the rate‐determining step and thus requiring lower energy input to proceed with the NH3 electrosynthesis. The orbital hybridization calculations further identify that Cu2O is beneficial for NO3− adsorption, and NiO could promote the desorption of NH3, forming an excellent tandem electrocatalyst. Such a tandem system leads to NH3 Faradaic efficiency of 95.6%, a super‐high NH3 selectivity of 88.5% at −0.2 V versus RHE, surpassing most of the NH3 electrosynthesis catalysts at an ultralow reaction voltage.
Clinical Chemotherapeutic Agent Coordinated Copper‐Based Nanoadjuvants for Efficiently Sensitizing Cancer Chemo‐Immunotherapy by Cuproptosis‐Mediated Mitochondrial Metabolic Reprogramming
Authors: Tian Hailong , Duan Jiufei , Li Bowen , Qin Siyuan , Nice Edouard C. , Zhang Wei , Lang Tingyuan , Zhang Haiyuan , Huang Canhua
Published: August 2023

Chemo‐immunotherapy has shown great success in boosting systemic anti‐tumor effects in the clinic. However, cancer cells can escape the maximum impact of chemotherapy through intracellular symbiotic bacteria and abnormally activated macropinocytosis, while cancer immune evasion is largely facilitated by the programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD‐L1) protein and tumor‐secreted exosomes. To efficiently sensitize chemo‐immunotherapy, the clinical mitoxantrone (MTO) is therefore rationally coordinated with Cu2+ to develop nanoscale metal‐organic frameworks (MTO‐Cu), then loaded with the macropinocytosis and exosome secretion inhibitor amiloride (AMI) and modified with targeted chondroitin sulfate (CS) to form CS/MTO‐Cu@AMI nanoadjuvant. Notably, the coordinated Cu2+ effectively triggers cuproptosis‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction, which activates AMPK pathway‐mediated PD‐L1 protein degradation, deprives energy supply for macropinocytosis and exosome release, and amplifies oxidative stress for deactivating intracellular bacteria, thus efficiently sensitizing chemo‐immunotherapy. Meanwhile, AMI suppresses macropinocytosis and exosome secretion to act synergistically with Cu2+‐caused chemo‐immunotherapy potentiation. Moreover, damaged dsDNA during CS/MTO‐Cu@AMI treatment activates the cGAS‐STING pathway, further evoking the anti‐tumor immunity. Additionally, the attached CS endows CS/MTO‐Cu@AMI with specific tumor targeting and hyaluronidase‐responsive charge reversal property, while MTO‐Cu endows this nanoadjuvant with pH/GSH dual‐responsive release behavior. Therefore, CS/MTO‐Cu@AMI efficiently sensitizes chemotherapy and activates systemic antitumor immunity in vitro and in vivo, providing an innovative solution to potentiate cancer chemo‐immunotherapy.
Dual‐Active Center AgFeCu Nanocatalyst for Tumor Destruction via Self‐Catalytically Enhanced Mild Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Niu Xuegang , Zhu Yang , Ding Chenyu , Ma Jing , Wei Penghui , Lin Yuanxiang , Fang Wenhua , He Qiu , Li Chunwang , Cheng Junjie , Zou Jianhua , Lin Lisen , Chen Xiaoyuan , Kang Dezhi
Published: August 2023

Mild photothermal therapy (mPTT) has emerged as a highly promising approach for tumor ablation. However, the heat‐induced overexpression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) limits its efficacy by increasing cellular temperature tolerance. Herein, a self‐catalytically enhanced mild PTT strategy that directly disrupts the structure of HSPs to restore tumor cell sensitivity is proposed. In the proof‐of‐concept study, AgFeCu nanoparticles (AgFeCu NPs) with dual‐active catalytic centers (Fe‐Cu) and near‐infrared photothermal properties are developed. The AgFeCu NPs can efficiently catalyze the conversion of endogenous hydrogen peroxide into hydroxyl radicals in situ, leading to the degradation of HSPs and enhancing the therapeutic effects of mild PTT mediated by their Ag‐based substrates. Furthermore, AgFeCu NPs can also induce oxidative stress by depleting intracellular glutathione and promoting lipid peroxidation, thereby triggering tumor ferroptosis and resulting in significant tumor elimination in a U87MG murine tumor model. This self‐catalytically enhanced strategy maximizes the efficacy of mild PTT while minimizing damage to healthy tissues, which is expected to provide valuable insights for the development of next‐generation photothermal nanoagents for improved tumor therapeutics.
Synergistic Additives Enabling Stable Cycling of Ether Electrolyte in 4.4 V Ni‐Rich/Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Jiang Zhipeng , Yang Tao , Li Chen , Zou Jiahang , Yang Hanxu , Zhang Qingan , Li Yongtao
Published: August 2023

Ether‐based electrolytes have high ionic conductivity and good stability toward the lithium metal anode relative to carbonate‐based electrolytes, but they typically exhibit poor oxidation stability (<4 V vs Li+/Li). Most approaches aimed at enhancing the oxidative stability of ether‐based electrolytes, such as “salt‐in‐solvent” and “weakly solvating” strategies, often sacrifice their inherent advantage of high ionic conductivity. Herein, this article proposes a cost‐effective synergistic additive strategy by co‐adding LiNO3 and vinylene carbonate (VC) to achieve an optimized ether‐based electrolyte (OEE) that simultaneously offers high Li‐ion (Li+) conductivity (11.52 mS cm−1 at 20 °C) and high‐voltage stability (4.4 V). LiNO3 and VC can enter the inner solvation shell of the electrolyte, preferentially participating in the film‐forming progress at the electrode surface, leading to the formation of a unique organic–inorganic bilayer interfacial protective layer. This layer could effectively suppress electrolyte side reactions and enhance electrode stability. As a result, the 4.4 V Li‐LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NCM811) full cells assembled with the OEE exhibit stable cycling performance at both room temperature and low temperature. This work provides a new approach to the design of ether‐based electrolytes for high‐voltage lithium metal batteries.
Metrology of Individual Small Viruses
Authors: Li Kun , Shah Arjav , Sharma Rajesh Kumar , Adkins Raymond , Marjanovic Tihomir , Doyle Patrick S. , Garaj Slaven
Published: August 2023

Viruses come in various shapes and sizes, and understanding their morphology is central to understanding their activity and function. The need for fast recognition and real‐time fingerprinting methods for pathogenic viruses is a critical bottleneck in implementing many diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. In this work, nanopore tomography (NT) is implemented for fast measurements of the characteristic dimensions of viruses and the optimal operating conditions are explored. Using a small filamentous bacteriophage as a model, it is demonstrated that NT can detect geometrical features in a few‐nanometer regime, with high throughput and accuracy, in aqueous conditions. The instrumental parameters are optimized to obtain virus diameter measurements that are robust to the uncertainties of the external parameters. Furthermore, NT is critically compared to various single‐particle imaging techniques, with a particular emphasis on emerging helium ion microscopy (HIM). It is shown that, with proper operating procedures, HIM can reach a nanometer‐scale resolution in viral metrology, while retaining a high throughput second only to NT. The high throughput of both techniques can foster sufficient statistics for a precise exploration of viral heterogeneity.
Stretch‐Tolerant Waterproof and Self‐cleaning CBNPs/Graphene Strain Sensor for Multifunctional Applications
Authors: Duan Jialin , Liu Jiayao , Wang Chaolun , Cai Chunhua , Lyu Liangjian , Sun Litao , Wu Xing , Bi Hengchang
Published: August 2023

Wearable strain sensors are widely used in bionic robots and wearable electronic devices. However, such devices inevitably work in degradative environments such as under wet conditions and contaminants, deteriorating the sensing performance and stability. In this work, a stretch‐tolerant superhydrophobic, self‐cleaning graphene‐based strain sensor with high sensitivity, is reported using prestretching strategy. The stretch‐tolerant superhydrophobic surface of the sensor is prepared by attaching carbon black nanoparticles to the Ecoflex substrate for constructing surface roughness and modifying with polydimethylsiloxane for achieving low surface energy under stretched condition (50% strain), which endow the sensors with an outstanding self‐cleaning performance for various contaminants. Moreover, the sensor retains excellent super‐hydrophobicity even under stretching. The sensor is also insensitive to common liquids in daily life including water, such as tea, milk, and coffee. Furthermore, the proposed strain sensor achieves wide sensing ranges (strain over 100%) and has a superior sensitivity (gauge factor up to 653.4 at 90% stretching), which shows great promising in accurate human motions monitoring both in the air and underwater. Besides, by placing the strain sensor on a bridge, the number of vehicles on the bridge can be detected, which exhibits an ideal platform for real‐time traffic flow monitoring.
Unexpected Emission Behaviors of Rhodamine Derivatives in PVA After UV‒Green Light Excitation
Authors: Zhang Shiguo , Liu Guanyu , Chen Junwu , Zhang Yuefa , Sun Qikun , Xue Shanfeng , Yang Wenjun
Published: August 2023

Rhodamine derivatives are a class of common fluorescent dyes and are usually co‐doped with room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) polymers for tuning colors; here, their unusual luminescence properties in polyvinyl alcohol are first disclosed. The doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films are photo‐excited for 0.5‒1 min and emit orange and red afterglows with lifetimes of over 1 s at room temperature. More unexpectedly, the respective prompt and delayed room temperature emission colors and spectra are identical, and the red‐shifted afterglows are observed in liquid nitrogen, indicating that room temperature afterglow is thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Their molecular structure features and quantum chemical calculations support this inference. Impressively, the room temperature afterglows are visible light excitable up to 540 nm since the maximal and strong absorption bands are in green regions. Hence, this work discloses unknown excitation and emission properties of rhodamine derivatives and provides the really visible light excited yet intrinsic red TADF afterglows for the first time.
A Rational Design of Isoindigo‐Based Conjugated Microporous n‐Type Semiconductors for High Electron Mobility and Conductivity
Authors: Ranjeesh Kayaramkodath Chandran , Rezk Ayman , Martinez Jose Ignacio , Gaber Safa , Merhi Areej , Skorjanc Tina , Finšgar Matjaž , Luckachan Gisha Elizabeth , Trabolsi Ali , Kaafarani Bilal R. , Nayfeh Ammar , Shetty Dinesh
Published: August 2023

The development of n‐type organic semiconductors has evolved significantly slower in comparison to that of p‐type organic semiconductors mainly due to the lack of electron‐deficient building blocks with stability and processability. However, to realize a variety of organic optoelectronic devices, high‐performance n‐type polymer semiconductors are essential. Herein, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) comprising isoindigo acceptor units linked to benzene or pyrene donor units (BI and PI) showing n‐type semiconducting behavior are reported. In addition, considering the challenges of deposition of a continuous and homogeneous thin film of CMPs for accurate Hall measurements, a plasma‐assisted fabrication technique is developed to yield uniform thin films. The fully conjugated 2D networks in PI‐ and BI‐CMP films display high electron mobility of 6.6 and 3.5 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. The higher carrier concentration in PI results in high conductivity (5.3 mS cm−1). Both experimental and computational studies are adequately combined to investigate structure–property relations for this intriguing class of materials in the context of organic electronics.
Controlled Release of Hydrogen‐Carrying Perfluorocarbons for Ischemia Myocardium‐Targeting 19F MRI‐Guided Reperfusion Injury Therapy
Authors: Nie Chaoqun , A Rong , Wang Jing , Pan Shuang , Zou Rentong , Wang Bin , Xi Shuiqing , Hong Xiaojian , Zhou Meifang , Wang Haoyu , Yu Mengshu , Wu Lina , Sun Xilin , Yang Wei
Published: August 2023

Hydrogen gas is recently proven to have anti‐oxidative and anti‐inflammation effects on ischemia‐reperfusion injury. However, the efficacy of hydrogen therapy is limited by the efficiency of hydrogen storage, targeted delivery, and controlled release. In this study, H2‐PFOB nanoemulsions (NEs) is developed with high hydrogen loading capacity for targeted ischemic myocardium precision therapy. The hydrogen‐carrying capacity of H2‐PFOB NEs is determined by gas chromatography and microelectrode methods. Positive uptake of H2‐PFOB NEs in ischemia‐reperfusion myocardium and the influence of hydrogen on 19F‐MR signal are quantitatively visualized using a 9.4T MR imaging system. The biological therapeutic effects of H2‐PFOB NEs are examined on a myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury mouse model. The results illustrated that the developed H2‐PFOB NEs can efficaciously achieve specific infiltration into ischemic myocardium and exhibit excellent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties on myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury, which can be dynamically visualized by 19F‐MR imaging system. Moreover, hydrogen burst release induced by low‐intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) irradiation further promotes the therapeutic effect of H2‐PFOB NEs with a favorable biosafety profile. In this study, the potential therapeutic effects of H2‐PFOB NEs is fully unfolded, which may hold great potential for future hydrogen‐based precision therapeutic applications tailored to ischemia‐reperfusion injury.
2D MoTe2/MoS2−xOx Van der Waals Heterostructure for Bimodal Neuromorphic Optoelectronic Computing
Authors: Xiao Yang , Li Wenbo , Lin Xiankai , Ji Yi , Chen Zhilong , Jiang Yanping , Liu Qiuxiang , Tang Xingui , Liang Qijie
Published: August 2023

The von Neumann bottleneck has long been a significant obstacle to the advancement of the era of intelligent computing. Neuromorphic devices are considered a promising solution to overcome this bottleneck. These devices draw inspiration from the information processing and computing capabilities of neurons in the human brain. Nevertheless, biomimetic synaptic devices used in neural network computing encounter significant challenges, including high nonlinearity in regulation, limited abundance of state conductance, and restrictions in unidirectional plasticity. Here, a memristor synaptic device is reported that utilizes the ion migration properties of MoTe2/MoS2−xOx heterojunction interface. This device demonstrates remarkable exceptional linearity, extensive dynamic regulation, and bidirectional independently controllable synaptic plasticity when subjected to bimodal regulation using electrical and optical signals. In addition, it shows significant paired‐pulse facilitation, empirical learning, and spike‐timing‐dependent properties. Furthermore, a deep learning framework is constructed to evaluate the reliability of devices in neuromorphic computation. The electronic synapses achieve high accuracy rates of 99.3% and 96.5% in recognizing digits and floral graphics, while photonic synapses achieve 95.3% and 91.5%. These findings emphasize the superior performance of photonic synapses in synaptic computation and provide a potential methodology for integrating multimodal neuromorphic hardware with artificial intelligence computing systems.
Reducing the Surface Reactivity of Alkyl Ammonium Passivation Molecules Enables Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zheng Lingfang , Shen Lina , Fang Zheng , Song Peiquan , Tian Wanjia , Chen Jingfu , Liu Kaikai , Luo Yujie , Xu Peng , Yang Jinxin , Tian Chengbo , Xie Liqiang , Wei Zhanhua
Published: August 2023

The non‐radiative recombination at the interfaces of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is a crucial issue that limits the efficiency and stability of the devices. State‐of‐the‐art surface passivation strategies usually utilize alkyl ammonium halides to suppress the non‐radiative recombination of PSCs, but their high surface reactivity leads to the transformation into 2D perovskites under working conditions, limiting the passivation effect and the charge transport of PSCs. Herein, a non‐halide ionic salt 1‐naphthylmethylammonium formate (NMACOOH) is synthesized for surface passivation of perovskite films. In contrast to the traditional 1‐naphthylmethylammonium iodide, NMACOOH treatment hinders the formation of 2D perovskite and forms a thermally stable PbI2‐NMACOOH adduct on the perovskite surface. Surface characterization reveals that NMA+ can passivate the cation vacancies of the 3D perovskite while HCOO− passivates the metallic Pb0 and halide‐vacancy defects. Therefore, the non‐radiative recombination of PSCs is dramatically suppressed and a high open‐circuit voltage of 1.19 V is obtained. Finally, PSCs with high efficiency of 24.75% and improved long‐term stability (98% of the initial efficiency after 1800‐h storage) are obtained. Moreover, the NMACOOH‐passivated devices also show robust operational stability, retaining 83% of the initial efficiency after working for 658 h under continuous one‐sun illumination.
Upcycling of Degraded LiCoO2 Cathodes into High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries via a Three‐In‐One Strategy
Authors: Liu Zhenzhen , Li Huaimeng , Han Miaomiao , Fang Liang , Fu Zhen , Zhang Haimin , Wang Guozhong , Zhang Yunxia
Published: August 2023

Faced with the forthcoming tide of retired lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), it is imperative to explore effective regeneration and upcycling strategies to alleviate the resource shortage, address environmental pollution, and cater to the demand for high‐energy‐density cathode materials. Herein, a facile, non‐constructive, one‐stone‐for‐three‐birds solid‐phase sintering strategy is proposed to regenerate the degraded LiCoO2 (D‐LCO) cathode and even upgrade its stability at high voltages, in which three birds, i.e., lithium supplement, Li2SO4 coating, and Mn doping into Co sites while N, S doping into Li‐O slabs are simultaneously hit with one stone (one‐pot solid‐phase sintering). Benefiting from these favorable characteristics, the upcycled cathode not only yields high discharge‐specific capacity of 188.2 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C, but also delivers superior cycling performance with 92.5% of capacity retention after 100 cycles (86.4% after 300 cycles) at 0.5 C and excellent rate capability at a high cutoff voltage of 4.5 V, superior to a freshly commercial counterpart. This work is expected to provide meaningful guidance for the upcycling of D‐LCO into high‐energy‐density batteries with long‐term cycling stability.
An Intelligent Wristband for Simultaneous Multiparameter Measurement during Fumigation and Washing Therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Li Yuanfang , Tang Hao , Qiao Yancong , Liu Haidong , Deng Zhikang , Xia Hong-qi , Zhou Jianhua
Published: August 2023

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the oldest healing systems, which plays an essential role in daily health management. However, TCM is frequently controversial due to its subjectivity and lack of scientific quantification. Modern sensing technologies, enabling the detection of various physiological signals, have the remarkable performance of multifunctionality, superintegration, and ultraminiaturization. Combining with modern sensing technology is a good opportunity for the modernization, objectification, and scientization of TCM. This article proposes an intelligent wristband for simultaneous multiparameter measurement of pulse, skin temperature, and perspiration, essential physiological signals in TCM. As a significant functional material, a carbon nanotube/poly(dimethylsiloxane) nanocomposite with 3D interpenetrating network structures exhibits great electrical conductivity, stress effect, and thermoresistive effect, ensuring intelligent wristband's high accuracy, high sensitivity, and good stability for pulse and temperature measurements. Furthermore, the perspiration sensing unit is also integrated. The as‐prepared intelligent wristband is applied during fumigation and washing therapy, and artificial intelligence is introduced to judge whether the user is during fumigation and washing therapy or in the resting state by classifying the user's physiological state, with an accuracy of up to 100%. This work offers a unique strategy for TCM and wearable sensing technology with an important practical significance.
Metal‐free Reaction of Allenamides with In‐Situ Formed Trifluoromethylnitrones as a Route to Highly Functionalized Isoxazolidines
Authors: Yadav Usha , Chandrasekharan Sanoop P. , Nair Pravya P. , Harikumar Sanjeevni , Mohanan Kishor
Published: August 2023

An additive‐free three‐component reaction of allenamides with in situ generated trifluoromethylnitrones has been uncovered. The reaction afforded an interesting class of trifluoromethylated methyleneisoxazolidines under mild conditions. Additionally, a gram‐scale reaction and the reductive transformation of trifluoromethylated isoxazolidines to aminomethylated allyl alcohol illustrate the high synthetic utility of the present synthetic strategy.
Cu‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Enamines and Terminal Alkynes: Access of Propargylamines as Neurodegenerative Disorder Agents
Authors: Mohan Lakavathu , Lee Ji Eun , Srinivasarao Mande , Cutright Alexander J. , Raju Selvam , Stokes Sean. L. , Emerson Joseph. P. , Kim Jae Hong
Published: August 2023

Reactions between enamine analogues and terminal alkynes were explored. Copper(I) complex of 1,10‐phenanthroline catalyzed these reactions to generate a diastereoselective propargylamines via C−C bond formation. In the presence of Zn2+, the chiral propargylamines converted into the β‐allenoates with an excellent yield and enantioselectivity achieved up to 99 %. Models of synthesized propargylamines were used for molecular docking and dynamic simulations, which indicate that this class of molecules shows promise for anti‐neurodegenerative activity.
Recent Advancement on the Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition using Maleimide as a Potential Substrate
Authors: Jana Barnali , Mondal Monotosh , Halder Shibashis , Mahata Atanu , Saurav Sameer , Paladhi Sushovan
Published: August 2023

Asymmetric organocatalytic 1,4‐conjugate addition is considered as an effective, powerful and sustainable method for carbon‐carbon bond formation. The core structure of maleimides or succinimides were found in several bioactive molecules as well as in natural products. Unprotected and protected maleimides were employed as an electrophile to construct novel succinimide based organic molecules. The rapid development of several new effective and prominent methodologies encourages us to write a review by summarizing the recent updates. In this review, we present an overview of the past 10 years progress on the asymmetric organocatalytic 1,4 conjugate additions using unprotected and protected maleimides. Special attention has been paid classifying the types of nucleophiles as well as catalysts employed for this asymmetric transformation along with substrate scope, limitation, mechanism, and synthetic utilities for each reaction. Knowing the versatility of maleimides, this review will encourage active researchers around the globe to put more efforts on the development of new methodologies including asymmetric photo redox catalysis for further functionalization of maleimides.
Where are caregivers in the clinical trial? Evaluation of caregiver responsibilities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias clinical trials
Authors: Miranda Armando , Rubovits Eve , Mudar Raksha , Leung Vania , Raj Minakshi
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION

Family caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) have significant responsibilities within health care. They may identify relevant clinical trials and support decision‐making about their relative's participation. The objectives of this study were to (a) evaluate the responsibilities of caregivers related to their relative's participation in ADRD clinical trials and (b) examine how these responsibilities are communicated on clinicaltrials.gov.

METHODS

We reviewed ADRD clinical trials completed between 1990 and 2021 using clinicaltrials.gov.

RESULTS

Less than half of clinical trial study information pages included caregiver responsibilities. Nine caregiver responsibilities were provided among those with information (e.g., giving consent, caregiver training and education, monitoring patient's response to intervention, communicating with study team).

DISCUSSION

ADRD clinical trial study information pages should consistently include caregiver responsibilities to help caregivers better prepare for trial responsibilities. This enhanced engagement with caregivers could also facilitate recruitment and retention, including participants from diverse communities.

Highlights

Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) clinical trial study information does not consistently include caregiver responsibilities.

Caregiver responsibilities in clinical trials span communication, monitoring, and transportation.

Robust information provision to caregivers could support participant recruitment and retention.

Meaningfully engaging caregivers could support recruitment of diverse participants.
Structure Elucidation of the First Sex‐Inducing Pheromone of a Diatom
Authors: Klapper Franziska A. , Kiel Christine , Bellstedt Peter , Vyverman Wim , Pohnert Georg
Published: August 2023

Diatoms are abundant unicellular microalgae, responsible for ≈20 % of global photosynthetic CO2 fixation. Nevertheless, we know little about fundamental aspects of their biology, such as their sexual reproduction. Pheromone‐mediated chemical communication is crucial for successful mating. An attraction pheromone was identified in the diatom Seminavis robusta, but metabolites priming cells for sex and synchronizing search and mating behavior remained elusive. These sex‐inducing pheromones (SIP) induce cell cycle arrest and trigger the production of the attraction pheromone. Here we describe the challenging structure elucidation of an S. robusta SIP. Guided by metabolomics, a candidate metabolite was identified and elucidated by labeling experiments, NMR, ESI MSn analyses, and chemical transformations. The use of negative ion mode MS was essential to decipher the unprecedented hydroxyproline and β‐sulfated aspartate‐containing cyclic heptapeptide that acts in femtomolar concentrations.
From tetramerization to oligomerization/polymerization of ethylene by dinuclear pyridyl‐imine Co‐ and Ni‐based catalysts
Authors: Khoshsefat Mostafa , Ahmadjo Saeid , Zohuri Gholam Hossein , Ma Yanping , Sun Wen‐Hua
Published: August 2023

A series of dinuclear pyridyl‐imine Co‐ and Ni‐based complexes (Co: C1 and C2 and Ni: C3 and C4) were prepared in reasonable yields through one‐pot synthesis method. Toward ethylene oligomerization/polymerization, C1 and C2, activated by MMAO, were capable to produce oligomers with moderate activity (up to 5.1 × 105 g mol−1 Co h−1 for C2) which α‐C8 was the major product. In contrast, C3 and C4 polymerized ethylene that the activity of C4 was twofold greater than C2. The high impact of o‐substituent in C2 and C4 was along with dinuclearity effect leading to high productivity and selectivity for ethylene oligomerization and polymerization, respectively. Moreover, polymerization parameters had strong influence on catalytic behavior of C4 and polyethylene samples made. For instance, high sensitivity of the structures led to formation of an oily branched oligoethylene to highly branched, high Mw polyethylene by changing the polymerization conditions. Polymerization of higher α‐olefins such as 1‐hexene and 1‐octene, moreover, emphasized the effect of effective distance between the centers where an oily low Mw oligo‐1‐hexene and a solid poly(1‐octene) having higher Mw were yielded. On the other side, quantum chemistry calculations were performed to investigate the structural properties and reactivity of the Ni‐ and Co‐based species. The obtained results indicated that the Ni atoms have strong molecular orbital interactions with the CC bond which may increase the reactivity of the catalyst in comparison with the Co metals.
Foaming behaviors and mechanical properties investigation of high‐strength polyethylene terephthalate/polycarbonate bead foam
Authors: Wang Zengzeng , Xu Dawei , Bai Shibing , Li Sai
Published: August 2023

Due to the low melt strength, PET foam cells easily grow, and due to the low CO2 concentration in PET, generating more nucleation sites during the foaming process is difficult. As a result, PET foam produced using the supercritical CO2 foaming method possesses a large cell size and a low expansion ratio, which leads to poor mechanical performance. In addition, there has not been much research on how to improve CO2 concentration in PET. In this work, the PC with higher melt strength and CO2 absorption capacity was incorporated into the PET matrix to improve the foaming behaviors of the blend. The results showed that the melt strength and CO2 concentration of PET/PC blends are much higher than that of pure PET. For instance, the melt strength and CO2 concentration of the PET/PC10 blend would be more than twice that of pure PET when the PC content is only 10%wt. By studying the foaming behavior, it was found that high melt strength inhibited the cell overgrowth and collapse of PET/PC foam, resulting in the foam with good cell structure was obtained. In addition, the high CO2 concentration in PET/PC blend is conducive to cell nucleation, thereby increasing the foam expansion ratio during the CO2 foaming process. Finally, the PET/PC blend foam with excellent mechanical properties was obtained. To be specific, the expansion ratio of the PET/PC blend foam was about 9.61, and the average cell size was only 40.38 μm. And the PET/PC blend foam possessed an excellent compressive strength of 7.41 MPa due to the strong interfacial bead cohesion, which showed the application prospect in the field of construction engineering.