bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photobiomodulation reduces neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury by downregulating CXCL10 expression
Authors: Zhang Zhihao , Zhu Zhijie , Zuo Xiaoshuang , Wang Xuankang , Ju Cheng , Liang Zhuowen , Li Kun , Zhang Jiawei , Luo Liang , Ma Yangguang , Song Zhiwen , Li Xin , Li Penghui , Quan Huilin , Huang Peipei , Yao Zhou , Yang Ning , Zhou Jie , Kou Zhenzhen , Chen Beiyu , Ding Tan , Wang Zhe , Hu Xueyu
Published: July 2023

Background

Many studies have recently highlighted the role of photobiomodulation (PBM) in neuropathic pain (NP) relief after spinal cord injury (SCI), suggesting that it may be an effective way to relieve NP after SCI. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the potential mechanisms of PBM in NP relief after SCI.

Methods

We performed systematic observations and investigated the mechanism of PBM intervention in NP in rats after SCI. Using transcriptome sequencing, we screened CXCL10 as a possible target molecule for PBM intervention and validated the results in rat tissues using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Using immunofluorescence co‐labeling, astrocytes and microglia were identified as the cells responsible for CXCL10 expression. The involvement of the NF‐κB pathway in CXCL10 expression was verified using inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) and agonist phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate (PMA), which were further validated by an in vivo injection experiment.

Results

Here, we demonstrated that PBM therapy led to an improvement in NP relative behaviors post‐SCI, inhibited the activation of microglia and astrocytes, and decreased the expression level of CXCL10 in glial cells, which was accompanied by mediation of the NF‐κB signaling pathway. Photobiomodulation inhibit the activation of the NF‐κB pathway and reduce downstream CXCL10 expression. The NF‐κB pathway inhibitor PDTC had the same effect as PBM on improving pain in animals with SCI, and the NF‐κB pathway promoter PMA could reverse the beneficial effect of PBM.

Conclusions

Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms by which PBM alleviates NP after SCI. We demonstrated that PBM significantly inhibited the activation of microglia and astrocytes and decreased the expression level of CXCL10. These effects appear to be related to the NF‐κB signaling pathway. Taken together, our study provides evidence that PBM could be a potentially effective therapy for NP after SCI, CXCL10 and NF‐kB signaling pathways might be critical factors in pain relief mediated by PBM after SCI.
Perspective: Is re‐interpretation enough? Dismantling violence in the natural history museum
Authors: Heller Nicole E.
Published: July 2023

The taxidermy assemblage “Lion Attacking a Dromedary” (LAD) has been critiqued as a piece of French colonial propaganda, containing unethically sourced human remains, that desensitizes visitors to violence against people of color and lacks value for science education. It has also been on display continuously since 1899 at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History and has sentimental and pedagogical value for local community, thus making it complicated to remove. To address its difficult legacy while maintaining its display, LAD has been re‐interpreted multiple times with new descriptive labels. This approach is of limited success, however. Re‐interpretation cannot sufficiently counter the visual narrative of the diorama itself. In addition to the aforementioned critiques, the figures in LAD are posed to tell a harmful “man versus nature” story. LAD points toward a broader narrative bias in natural history, namely an overemphasis on competition and an underemphasis on cooperation. For ethical and effective contemporary science education, and for galvanizing action on climate change and other sustainability and justice crises in the 21st‐century natural history museum, there is an urgent need for radical deconstruction of dioramas like LAD.
Visual representations of dromedaries in Greco‐Roman antiquity and the middle ages: Imagining the other before orientalism
Authors: Sauquet Mathilde
Published: July 2023

The diorama Lion Attacking a Dromedary found in the Carnegie Museum of Natural History rightfully belongs to an Orientalist artistic tradition that crystallized many of the discriminatory misrepresentations of people of color that have plagued our society to this day. Camels and dromedaries, associated with the “Orient,” constituted an integral element of the exotic vision held and disseminated by Europeans. The motif of the camel and its dark‐skinned rider, however, emerged many centuries prior to the context of colonial Europe and across media. This paper explores the surfacing and subsequent proliferation of the camel as a symbol of otherness and foreignness in Antiquity and the Middle Ages in relation to Christian and imperial ideologies. I argue that the material evidence points to a long‐standing associative combination of the camel with people of color and/or of foreign origin and thus establishes a precedent worth our attention as we continue to wrestle with the racial and political ramifications of Lion Attacking a Dromedary.
How does a chronic wound change a patient's social life? A European survey on social support and social participation
Authors: Janke Toni Maria , Kozon Vlastimil , Barysch Marjam , Valiukeviciene Skaidra , Rackauskaite Laura , Reich Adam , Stępień Katarzyna , Jankechova Monika , van Montfrans Catherine , Amesz Stella , Conde Montero Elena , Augustin Matthias , Blome Christine
Published: July 2023

Chronic wounds can severely limit patient's social life. This cross‐sectional study investigated quantitatively social support of patients with chronic wounds, its association with health‐related quality of life as well as qualitatively changes in social participation of these patients. Overall, 263 patients from seven countries participated. The most frequent wound class was leg ulcer (49.2%). Results revealed generally high levels of social support (mean global score: 5.5) as measured with the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. However, individuals differed considerably (range 1.0–7.0). All dimensions of social support differed by patients' family and living situations (p < 0.001 to p = 0.040) and were positively correlated with generic health‐related quality of life (r = 0.136–0.172). Having children, living with others and being in a relationship were significant predictors of having higher global social support. Patients reported great support from family members. Many participants reported no changes in relationships with friends. Wound care managers took an important role and provided additional emotional support. Patients reported a range of discontinued activities. Despite the high overall level of social support, inter‐individual differences should be acknowledged. The importance of family carers should be acknowledged to be able to reduce caregiver burden and to ensure high‐qualitative wound care.
Spontaneous volunteers and the flood disaster 2021 in Germany: Development of social innovations in flood risk management
Authors: Bier Marina , Fathi Ramian , Stephan Christiane , Kahl Anke , Fiedrich Frank , Fekete Alexander
Published: July 2023

In the response of the flood disaster in Germany 2021 a vast number of spontaneous volunteers (SVs) participated. They organized coordinating services, developed emergent forms of SVs and thus hold the potential to improve existing flood managing capacities. This raises the need for in‐depth knowledge about SVs and organization, the use of information and communication technologies (ICT), social and individual aspects. This article analyzed results of an online survey (n = 2636) with the aim to discuss challenges and potentials to develop SVs as social innovations in flood risk management. As a result, SVs are strong value‐based motivated, can be psychologically stressed and travel long distances, especially when they got aware of helping possibilities via social media. Disaster relief organizations rarely cooperate with or integrate SVs, but when they collaborate, SVs' satisfaction with authorities increases significantly. Based on the results, this article derives preplanning of useful concepts consider safety aspects, ICT utilization, foster mutual respect between SVs and authorities and supporting sense of community as key results for development of social innovations. Especially in light of pandemics, social crisis like refugee movements, and climate change‐related disasters, the requirement rises for engaging SVs.
Risk of infections in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: A nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Shang Ying , Widman Linnea , Ebrahimi Fahim , Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Hagström Hannes , Wester Axel
Published: July 2023

Background and Aims

Previous literature suggests an association between non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and infections. We aimed to determine the rate and risk of severe infections in NAFLD compared to the general population.

Methods

In this population‐based cohort study, we used national registers to identify all patients with a hospital‐based diagnosis of NAFLD in Sweden 1987–2020 (n = 14 869). The patients were matched with ≤10 comparators from the general population for age, sex, municipality, and calendar year (n = 137 145). Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for infections in patients with NAFLD compared to comparators. Cumulative incidences were calculated while accounting for competing risks (non‐infection death and liver transplantation).

Results

Severe infections leading to death or hospitalization occurred in 1990 (13.4%) patients with NAFLD and 9899 (7.2%) comparators during a median of 4.5 and 6.1 years of follow‐up, respectively. The rate of severe infections per 1000 person‐years was higher in patients with NAFLD (21.0) than comparators (9.1) independently of components related to the metabolic syndrome (adjusted HR 1.9, 95% CI = 1.8–2.0). Infection‐related mortality was also higher in NAFLD compared to comparators (adjusted HR 1.8, 95% CI = 1.6–2.2). The 10‐year cumulative incidence of severe infections was 16.6% (95% CI = 15.8–17.4) in NAFLD and 8.0% (95% CI = 7.8–8.2) in comparators.

Conclusion

NAFLD was associated with severe infections and infection‐related mortality, independently of components associated with the metabolic syndrome. Increased clinical vigilance of severe infections in NAFLD may diminish the risk of premature death.
Deep order flow imbalance: Extracting alpha at multiple horizons from the limit order book
Authors: Kolm Petter N. , Turiel Jeremy , Westray Nicholas
Published: July 2023

We employ deep learning in forecasting high‐frequency returns at multiple horizons for 115 stocks traded on Nasdaq using order book information at the most granular level. While raw order book states can be used as input to the forecasting models, we achieve state‐of‐the‐art predictive accuracy by training simpler “off‐the‐shelf” artificial neural networks on stationary inputs derived from the order book. Specifically, models trained on order flow significantly outperform most models trained directly on order books. Using cross‐sectional regressions, we link the forecasting performance of a long short‐term memory network to stock characteristics at the market microstructure level, suggesting that “information‐rich” stocks can be predicted more accurately. Finally, we demonstrate that the effective horizon of stock specific forecasts is approximately two average price changes.
A place‐based approach to understanding firms' voluntary environmental engagement: The role of regional pressures in the case of Korea
Authors: Song Jongdae
Published: July 2023

Environmental management literature has extensively explored why the regulated community, particularly private firms, join voluntary environmental programs (VEPs) in which participants promise to regulate “beyond compliance.” However, the notion of locus has been rarely considered a key determinant of a firm's VEP participation. This study examines how regional pressures encourage firms' VEP participation. Drawing on a dataset of over 1000 industrial facilities related to five government sponsored VEPs in Korea, it investigates how three types of regional pressures—regulators, industrial peers, and community members—affect firms' decision to join VEPs. The major findings are that firms located in the same region as their conglomerate peers, as well as firms located in a place where a large amount of odor pollutant is released, are more likely to participate in VEPs. These results demonstrate the impact of social attributes derived from the geographic location of firms on facilities' VEP engagement.
The revolution can be improvised: An intrinsically motivating approach to equity, diversity, and inclusion
Authors: Caruso Heather Maiirhe
Published: July 2023

With unfolding advances in anti‐discrimination policy, communication technology, and affordable transportation, society is gaining an historic opportunity to embrace differences in background and perspective as part of ordinary life. Unfortunately, we can be overly pessimistic about the prospect of attracting stakeholders to the work, because overwhelming societal barriers have long perpetuated narrow and inauspicious views of our paths forward. The result can be our unnecessary and ineffective reliance on top‐down imperatives as necessary to compel engagement. Improvisation can help us do better. After describing how contextual conditions are shifting favorably, I illustrate the prospective benefits of an improvisational approach to EDI—particularly in fostering intrinsic motivation—and extend basic psychological needs theory to provide guidance for successful implementation.
Characterization of the decline in auditory nerve phase locking at high frequencies
Authors: Klug Jonas , Encke Jörg , Dietz Mathias
Published: July 2023

The frequency dependence of phase locking in the auditory nerve influences various auditory coding mechanisms. The decline of phase locking with increasing frequency is commonly described by a low-pass filter. This study compares fitted low-pass filter parameters with the actual rate of phase locking decline. The decline is similar across studies and only 40 dB per decade, corresponding to the asymptotic decline of a second order filter.
Engineered exosomes reprogram Gli1
+
cells in vivo to prevent calcification of vascular grafts and autologous pathological vessels
Authors: Yan Juan , Xiao Haoran , Zhou Xin , Li Yanzhao , Zhao Shanlan , Zhao Xingli , Liu Yong , Liu Min , Xue Fangchao , Zhang Qiao , Zhao Wenyan , Li Lang , Su Yang , Zeng Wen
Published: July 2023

Calcification of autologous pathological vessels and tissue engineering blood vessels (TEBVs) is a thorny problem in clinic. However, there is no effective and noninvasive treatment that is available against the calcification of TEBVs and autologous pathological vessels. Gli1
+
cells are progenitors of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and can differentiate into osteoblast-like cells, leading to vascular calcification. Our results showed that the spatiotemporal distribution of Gli1
+
cells in TEBVs was positively correlated with the degree of TEBV calcification. An anticalcification approach was designed consisting of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells delivering
lncRNA-ANCR
to construct the engineered exosome-Ancr/E7-EXO. The results showed that Ancr/E7-EXO effectively targeted Gli1
+
cells, promoting rapid SMC reconstruction and markedly inhibiting Gli1
+
cell differentiation into osteoblast-like cells. Moreover, Ancr/E7-EXO significantly inhibited vascular calcification caused by chronic kidney disease. Therefore, Ancr/E7-EXO reprogrammed Gli1
+
cells to prevent calcification of vascular graft and autologous pathological vessel, providing unique insights for an effective anticalcification.
Citizen science reveals landscape-scale exposures to multiazole-resistant
Aspergillus fumigatus
bioaerosols
Authors: Shelton Jennifer M. G. , Rhodes Johanna , Uzzell Christopher B. , Hemmings Samuel , Brackin Amelie P. , Sewell Thomas R. , Alghamdi Asmaa , Dyer Paul S. , Fraser Mark , Borman Andrew M. , Johnson Elizabeth M. , Piel Frédéric B. , Singer Andrew C. , Fisher Matthew C.
Published: July 2023

Using a citizen science approach, we identify a country-wide exposure to aerosolized spores of a human fungal pathogen,
Aspergillus fumigatus
, that has acquired resistance to the agricultural fungicide tebuconazole and first-line azole clinical antifungal drugs. Genomic analysis shows no distinction between resistant genotypes found in the environment and in patients, indicating that at least 40% of azole-resistant
A. fumigatus
infections are acquired from environmental exposures. Hotspots and coldspots of aerosolized azole-resistant spores were not stable between seasonal sampling periods. This suggests a high degree of atmospheric mixing resulting in an estimated per capita cumulative annual exposure of 21 days (±2.6). Because of the ubiquity of this measured exposure, it is imperative that we determine sources of azole-resistant
A. fumigatus
to reduce treatment failure in patients with aspergillosis.
Cost-effectiveness of community-based distribution of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy in Madagascar, Mozambique, Nigeria, and the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Cirera Laia , Sacoor Charfudin , Meremikwu Martin , Ranaivo Louise , Manun’Ebo Manu F , Pons-Duran Clara , Arikpo Dachi , Ramirez Maximo , Ramponi Francesco , Figueroa-Romero Antia , Gonzalez Raquel , Maly Christina , Roman Elaine , Sicuri Elisa , Pagnoni Franco , Menéndez Clara
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Malaria in pregnancy is a major driver of maternal and infant mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. The WHO recommends the administration of intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) at antenatal care (ANC) visits. Despite being a highly cost-effective strategy, IPTp-SP coverage and uptake remains low. A pilot project was conducted to assess the cost-effectiveness (CE) of community-based delivery of IPTp (C-IPTp) in addition to ANC delivery to increase IPTp uptake in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Madagascar (MDG), Mozambique (MOZ) and Nigeria (NGA).

Methods

Costs and CE estimates of C-IPTp were calculated according to two scenarios: (1) costs in ‘programmatic mode’ (ie, costs if C-IPTp was to be implemented by national health systems) and (2) costs from the pilot project. The effectiveness of C-IPTp was obtained through estimates of the averted disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) associated with maternal clinical malaria and anaemia, low birth weight and neonatal mortality.

Results

Net incremental costs of C-IPTp ranged between US$6138–US$47 177 (DRC), US$5552–US$31 552 (MDG), US$10 202–US$53 221 (MOZ) and US$667–US$28 645 (NGA) per 1000 pregnant women, under scenarios (1) and (2), respectively. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) ranged between US$15–US$119 in DRC, US$9–US$53 in MDG, US$104–US$543 in MOZ and US$2–US$66 in NGA per DALY averted, under scenarios (1) and (2), respectively. ICERs fall below the WHO recommended CE threshold based on the gross domestic product per capita.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that C-IPTp is a highly cost-effective intervention. Results can inform policy decisions on adopting and optimising effective interventions for preventing malaria in pregnancy.
Health system responsiveness and associated factors for delivery care in public health facilities, Dessie City Administration, South Wollo zone, Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study design
Authors: Bayeh Yalew , Tsehay Chalie Tadie , Negash Wubshet Debebe
Published: July 2023

Objective

To assess health system responsiveness (HSR) and associated factors for delivery care in public health facilities, Northeast Ethiopia.

Design

Institutional-based cross-sectional study.

Setting

South Wollo zone, Ethiopia.

Participants

A total of 430 women who delivered within the study period from 1 June 2022 to 5 July 2022 were included for this analysis.

Outcome

HSR.

Methods

Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 June 2022 to 5 July 2022 in nine public health facilities. The data were collected through semistructured interviewer administered questionnaire, reviewing delivery registration books and client charts. HSR for delivery care was assessed by eight domains based on WHO responsiveness assessment framework. Binary logistic regression analyses were employed to check the association of variables with HSR. An adjusted OR (AOR) with 95% CI was determined to show the strength of association, and a p<0.05 was taken as level of statistical significance.

Results

In this study, the health system was responsive for 45.8% (95% CI 41.1% to 50.6%) of delivered mothers. The highest (74.2%) and lowest (45.8%) rated domains were dignity and basic amenity, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, caesarian delivery (AOR 3.67, 95% CI 1.91 to 7.06), obstetric complication in current pregnancy (AOR 0.45, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.85), referred during labour (AOR 0.36, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.69), birth within 17:30–8:30 hours (AOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.81) and good satisfaction (AOR 5.77, 95% CI 3.44 to 9.69) were statistically significant associated factors with HSR.

Conclusion

The overall responsiveness of delivery care was low. Basic amenities, choice of provider and social support domains were least rated responsiveness domains. If health professionals give emphasis to mothers during spontaneous vaginal delivery, able to prevent obstetric complications, and if health facilities increase the number of professionals to duty time, handover, the referred mothers appropriately; having clean and attractive delivery wards will be important interventions to improve responsiveness for delivery care.
Exploring physical and biological manifestations of burnout and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in healthcare workers: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Kottler Janey , Gingell Monica J , Khosla Shaveta , Kordzikowski Mitchell , Raszewski Rebecca , Chestek David , Maki Katherine
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has strained the mental and physical well-being of healthcare workers (HCW). Increased work-related stress and limited resources have increased symptoms of anxiety, depression, insomnia and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in this population. Stress-related disorders have been strongly associated with long-term consequences, including cardiometabolic disorders, endocrine disorders and premature mortality. This scoping review aims to explore available literature on burnout, PTSD, and other mental health-associated symptoms in HCW to synthesise relationships with physiological and biological biomarkers that may be associated with increased risk of disease, creating an opportunity to summarise current biomarker knowledge and identify gaps in this literature.

Methods and analysis

This scoping review uses the Arksey and O’Malley six-step scoping review methodology framework. The research team will select appropriate primary sources using a search strategy developed in collaboration with a health sciences librarian. Three reviewers will initially screen the title and abstracts obtained from the literature searches, and two reviewers will conduct independent reviews of full-text studies for inclusion. The research team will be reviewing literature focusing on which burnout and/or PTSD-associated physiological and biological biomarkers have been studied, the methodologies used to study them and the correlations between the biomarkers and HCW experiencing burnout/PTSD. Data extraction forms will be completed by two reviewers for included studies and will guide literature synthesis and analysis to determine common themes.

Ethics and dissemination

This review does not require ethical approval. We expect results from this scoping review to identify gaps in the literature and encourage future research regarding improving biological and physiological biomarker research in HCW. Preliminary results and general themes will be communicated back to stakeholders. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, policy briefs and conferences as well as presented to stakeholders to an effort to invest in HCW mental and physical health.
Clinical outcomes of treated macular neovascularisation secondary to inherited retinal diseases: a literature review
Authors: Makuloluwa Aruni , Madhusudhan Savita
Published: July 2023

Many inherited retinal diseases (IRD) can be associated with, or be secondarily complicated by, macular neovascularisation (MNV), which has been variably treated with intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor, steroids, laser and surgery. In this article, we aim to present a consolidated literature review of management of IRD-related MNV.
Dilaton photoproduction in a magnetic dipole field of pulsars and magnetars
Authors: Mikhail Astashenkov
Published: July 2023

According to Einstein–Maxwell-dilaton theory, the dilaton field $$\varvec{\psi }$$

ψ

can be produced by electromagnetic fields with non-zero Maxwell invariant. So electromagnetic wave propagating in an external electromagnetic field is a typical source of dilaton radiation. For study dilaton photoproduction in astrophysical conditions it’s interesting to consider plane elliptically polarized electromagnetic wave propagating in the electromagnetic field of magnetic dipole $$\textbf{m}$$
m
of pulsars and magnetars. The dilation field equation is solved in case $$|\varvec{\psi }| {\mathbf {\ll 1}}$$

|

ψ

|

≪
1

. The angular distribution dilaton radiation is studied in every point of space. It’s shown that spectral composition of dilatons is similar to spectral composition of plane electromagnetic wave. Amount of dilaton energy radiated in time and all directions is greatest in condition $$({{\varvec{B}}}_{\textbf{1}}^{\textbf{2}}-{{\varvec{B}}}_{\textbf{2}}^{\textbf{2}})({{\varvec{m}}}_{{\varvec{x}}}^{\textbf{2}}-{{\varvec{m}}}_{{\varvec{y}}}^{\textbf{2}})\ge 0,$$

(

B

1

2

-

B

2

2

)

(

m

x

2

-

m

y

2

)

≥
0
,

where $${{\varvec{B}}}_{\textbf{1}}$$

B

1

and $${{\varvec{B}}}_{\textbf{2}}$$

B

2

are electromagnetic wave amplitudes along the axes of polarization ellipse. This condition is valid for many neutron star systems.
To (b)e or not to (b)e: no electrons at LHCb
Authors: Algueró Marcel , Biswas Aritra , Capdevila Bernat , Descotes-Genon Sébastien , Matias Joaquim , Novoa-Brunet Martin
Published: July 2023

We discuss the impact of the recent LHCb update on the two lepton-flavour universality ratios $$R_K$$

R
K

and $$R_{K^*}$$

R

K
∗

, and the CMS update of $$B({B_s \rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-})$$

B
(

B
s

→

μ
+

μ
-

)

regarding the possibility of New Physics in $$b\rightarrow s\ell ^+\ell ^-$$

b
→
s

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

decays. We perform global fits of the New Physics Wilson coefficients defined in the model-independent approach of the Weak Effective Theory at the b-quark mass. We discuss three different frameworks for this analysis: (i) an update limited to the experimental data but using the same theoretical framework as in earlier works, (ii) a full update concerning both the experimental inputs and the theoretical framework, (iii) an analysis without the LHCb results on electron modes. The comparison between these various sets of results allows us to identify the differences stemming from the various components of the analysis: new experimental results, new inputs for the hadronic form factors, the role played by LHCb data on electron modes. As expected, the significance of all New Physics hypotheses gets reduced after the LHCb announcements on $$R_{K^{(*)}}$$

R

K

(

∗
)

while the hypothesis of a lepton-flavour-universal contribution to the Wilson coefficient of the semileptonic $$O_{9\ell }$$

O

9
ℓ

operators (possibly with a very small lepton-flavour-universality violating component) is clearly reinforced. We also discuss the possibility of a long-distance charm-loop contribution through a mode-by-mode analysis and we find that the preferred values for the $${\mathcal C}_{9\mu }$$

C

9
μ

Wilson coefficient are consistent throughout the different $$b\rightarrow s\mu ^+\mu ^-$$

b
→
s

μ
+

μ
-

modes and that there is no significant evidence of non-constant $$q^2$$

q
2

dependencies, which would indicate the presence of a long-distance charm-loop contribution beyond those already included.
Coupling of electron and vibrational spectroscopy with false colour imaging for the investigation of natural dyes in historical fabrics (15th–18th centuries)
Authors: de Ferri Lavinia , Campanella Beatrice , Martignon Alice , Vallotto Davide , Tomaini Benedetta , Legnaioli Stefano , Pojana Giulio
Published: July 2023

A series of historical textile fragments belonging to the Guggenheim collection had been previously studied by FORS and IRR imaging. The need for further analysis emerged in order to get a better understanding of the applied dyes. Under this perspective, SERS measurements and false colour images (UVFC and IRFC) were acquired on selected samples dated back between the fifteenth and the eighteenth centuries and constituted by velvets, embossed velvets, brocades, brocatelles, damasks, lampasses, satins, gros and taffetas of Italian manufacture. The cross-checking of spectroscopic data allowed for confirming some of the results previously obtained, but in the majority of cases much more complex situations were found. On many occasions, SERS and FORS demonstrated their complementarity allowing for discovering the use of mixtures instead of single dye as previously assumed. In addition to indigotin, cochineal and tannins, already identified in the previous investigation, new data allowed for determining the presence of orcein, annatto, luteolin, quercetin and saffron. The FC images supported the obtained results but evidenced the need for the generation of a complete database of historical dyes employed with different dyeing procedures, substrates, mordants and as mixtures with different proportions. The multi-technique approach, involving both non-invasive and micro-invasive methods, also allowed for checking the compatibility of compounds with both the declared historical period and the origin of the investigated textile fragments.
1D and 2D Chaotic Time Series Prediction Using Hierarchical Reservoir Computing System
Authors: Hossain Md Razuan , Dhungel Anurag , Sadia Maisha , Paul Partha Sarathi , Hasan Md Sakib
Published: July 2023

Reservoir Computing (RC) is a type of machine learning inspired by neural processes, which excels at handling complex and time-dependent data while maintaining low training costs. RC systems generate diverse reservoir states by extracting features from raw input and projecting them into a high-dimensional space. One key advantage of RC networks is that only the readout layer needs training, reducing overall training expenses. Memristors have gained popularity due to their similarities to biological synapses and compatibility with hardware implementation using various devices and systems. Chaotic events, which are highly sensitive to initial conditions, undergo drastic changes with minor adjustments. Cascade chaotic maps, in particular, possess greater chaotic properties, making them difficult to predict with memoryless devices. This study aims to predict 1D and 2D cascade chaotic time series using a memristor-based hierarchical RC system.
One-loop corrections to the neutrino mass in the axion–neutrino coupling scheme
Authors: Mosquera M. E. , Civitarese O.
Published: July 2023

The coupling between neutral scalar axions and neutrinos is discussed as a possible mechanism responsible for a nonzero neutrino mass. We add to the conventional Peccei and Queen zeroth-order approach, that is the breaking of the U(1) symmetry at the axion level added to the fourth component of the neutrino current, one-loop corrections assuming the composite nature of flavor neutrinos. The calculations are performed for the three active neutrino flavors.
Novel Enrichment of Brightness-Distorted Chest X-Ray Images Using Fusion-Based Contrast-Limited Adaptive Fuzzy Gamma Algorithm
Authors: Kiruthika K. , Khilar Rashmita
Published: July 2023

As innovations for image handling, image enrichment (IE) can give more effective information and image compression can decrease memory space. IE plays a vital role in the medical field for which we have to use a noiseless image. IE applies to all areas of understanding and analysis of images. This paper provides an innovative algorithm called contrast-limited adaptive fuzzy gamma (CLAFG) for IE using chest X-ray (CXR) images. The image dissimilarity is enriched by computing several histograms and membership planes. The proposed algorithm comprises various steps. Firstly, CXR is separated into contextual region (CR). Secondly, the cliplimit, a threshold value which alters the dissimilarity of the CXR and applies it to the histogram which, is generated by CR and then applies the fuzzification technique via the membership plane to the CXR. Thirdly, the clipped histograms are performed in two ways, i.e. it is merged using bi-cubic interpolation techniques and it is modified with membership function. Finally, the resulting output from bi-cubic interpolation and membership function are fond of using upgrade contemplate standard methods for a richer CXR image.
A HYBRID RECOGNITION METHOD VIA KELM WITH CPSO FOR MMG-BASED UPPER-LIMB MOVEMENTS CLASSIFICATION
Authors: CAO GANGSHENG , ZHANG YUE , ZHANG HANYANG , ZHAO TONGTONG , XIA CHUNMING
Published: July 2023

Mechanomyography (MMG) is a low-frequency signal emitted during muscle contraction; it can overcome the inherently unreliable defects of electromyography (EMG) and electroencephalography (EEG). For MMG-based movement pattern recognition, this paper proposes an innovative kernel extreme learning machine (KELM) based on the chaotic particle swarm optimization (CPSO), namely CPSO–KELM. By using CPSO–KELM in MMG-based movement pattern recognition, the classification accuracy of upper-limb movement has been improved, and the results can be better applied to the control of passive rehabilitation training of the upper-limb exoskeleton, which can provide help for the upper extremity rehabilitation of stroke patients. In this paper, MMG which is used for pattern recognition research, is collected by accelerometers when the subjects performed seven types of upper-limb rehabilitation movements. After filtering and segmentation, six time-domain features are extracted for the MMG of each channel, then kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) are used to reduce the feature dimensions. By using different classifiers to build classification models, the average recognition accuracies of movement classification under different processing methods are obtained; it is found that for most classifiers, the recognition rate of MMG after KPCA dimensionality reduction is better than that of PCA, and the overall recognition rate of upper-limb movements using the CPSO–KELM classifier can reach 97.1%, which is better than support vector machine (SVM), back-propagation neural network (BPNN), linear discriminant algorithm (LDA) and other MMG common classifiers in recognition accuracy. Moreover, the experimental analysis shows that compared with genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), CPSO has faster convergence and smaller training error, and the final recognition accuracy proves that the performance of CPSO–KELM is better than those of GA–KELM and PSO–KELM.
Hybrid metric-Palatini gravity: General formalism and applications
Authors: Lobo Francisco S. N.
Published: July 2023

It has been established that both metric and Palatini versions of [Formula: see text] gravity have interesting features but also manifest several downsides. A hybrid combination of theories, containing elements from both of these formalisms, turns out to be very successful in accounting for the observed phenomenology and it is able to avoid some drawbacks of the original approaches. Here, we explore the formulation of this hybrid metric-Palatini approach and its main achievements in passing the local tests and several applications to astrophysical and cosmological scenarios. More specifically, we present the weak-field limit, analyze the well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for the hybrid model and explore the viability of generalized hybrid metric-Palatini gravitational theories.
Tailoring Spin-to-Charge Conversion Efficiency via Microwave Frequency in La0.67Sr0.33MnO3/Pt Bilayer System
Authors: Gupta Pushpendra , Singh Braj Bhusan , Mishra Abhisek , Kumar Aditya , Sarkar Anirban , Waschk Markus , Bedanta Subhankar
Published: July 2023

The generation of spin current in materials with high spin–orbit coupling is one of the primary topics for future spintronic applications. In this context, the high conversion efficiency of spin current to charge current is desired. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR)-based inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) is a quite popular method to study such spin-to-charge conversion. Here microwave frequency plays a crucial role in generating spin current which further gets converted to charge current due to spin–orbit interaction of the given material. In this work, we show the effect of microwave frequency on spin-to-charge current conversion efficiency in La[Formula: see text]Sr[Formula: see text]MnO3/Pt heterostructure prepared by oxygen-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (OMBE). From the ISHE analysis the maximum spin pumping voltage of ∼98 μV has been observed. Further spin Hall angle has been calculated for different frequencies and the maximum calculated value (∼0.06) for this system has been obtained at 14[Formula: see text]GHz.
Cognitive Bias-Inspired Deep Robust Neural Networks Against Transfer-Based Attacks Considering Confidence Score
Authors: Ogasawara Yuuki , Sato Hiroshi , Kubo Masao
Published: July 2023

Transfer-based attacks, a type of adversarial attack, have become a growing threat in recent years with the proliferation of cloud services. Deep neural networks that exploit human cognitive bias (Loosely Symmetric-Deep Neural Network, LS-DNN) are known as a defensive technique against transfer-based attacks. LS-DNN can prevent malfunctions caused by adversarial examples with a high probability by incorporating human learning characteristics into the neural network’s nodes. However, maintaining accuracy against normal data and reducing Training Time is challenging. This paper proposes a new model called “LS+-DNN” inspired by the Dropout method to solve this problem. Evaluation experiments on two datasets show that the proposed model can achieve both in high dimensions. In addition, we analyze the proposed model focusing on the variance and confidence score of the training parameters of the proposed model. As a result, we point out that the confidence score is an important indicator of robust models against transfer-based attacks.
Effect of acute handgrip and aerobic exercise on wasted pressure effort and arterial wave reflections in healthy aging
Authors: Stock Joseph M. , Shenouda Ninette , Chouramanis Nicholas V. , Patik Jordan C. , Martens Christopher R. , Farquhar William B. , Chirinos Julio A. , Edwards David G.
Published: July 2023

We demonstrated that acute aerobic exercise attenuated, whereas handgrip augmented, left ventricular hemodynamic load from wave reflections more in healthy older (OA) compared with young adults (YA) without altering stroke volume. These findings suggest an exaggerated aortic hemodynamic response to acute exercise perturbations with aging. They also highlight the importance of considering exercise modality when examining aortic hemodynamic responses to acute exercise in older adults.
Wearable Portable Flexible Antenna Covering 4G, 5G, WLAN, GPS Applications
Authors: Yu Zhen , Zhang Guodong , Ran Xiaoying , Niu Ruirong , Sun Runzhi , Lin Ziheng , Lu Zewei
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a multiband planar antenna with a third-order toroidal coupling structure that has potential applications in mobile communications. The antenna is fed using a coplanar waveguide structure. The radiating body model of the antenna is obtained by scaling and nesting twice in equal proportions based on a first-order toroid. The above patch was printed on a 42 × 55 × 0.1 mm3 polyimide flexible dielectric substrate. This article explores the effect of bending in different directions on the antenna performance and explores the effect of coupling with the human body on the antenna S11. The antenna was simulated using a high-frequency structure simulator and measured in an electromagnetic microwave darkroom. The simulation results of the antenna match well with the measured results, and the maximum gain of its band coverage is 4.39 dBi. The antenna can cover the frequency bands of TD-LTE (B-TrunC) (1.447–1.467 GHz), LTE42/43 (3.4–3.8 GHz), WiMAX (3.3–3.8 GHz), 5G band n78 (3.4–3.8 GHz), WLAN (5.15–5.35 GHz), 5G (5.725–5.825 GHz), and other commercial bands.
Novel Genomic Risk Stratification Model for Primary Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) in the Adjuvant Therapy Era
Authors: Dermawan Josephine K. , Kelly Ciara , Gao Zhidong , Smith Shaleigh , Jadeja Bhumika , Singer Samuel , Tap William D. , Chi Ping , Antonescu Cristina R.
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

Traditional risk stratification schemes in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) were defined in the pre-imatinib era and rely solely on clinicopathologic metrics. We hypothesize that genomic-based risk stratification is prognostically relevant in the current era of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapeutics.

Experimental Design:

Comprehensive mutational and copy-number profiling using MSK-IMPACT was performed. We integrated clinicopathologic and genomic parameters and utilized an elastic-net penalized Cox proportional hazards machine learning model for outcome risk stratification.

Results:

A 3-tier genomic risk stratification model for recurrence-free survival (RFS) in 152 primary localized gastric and 80 small bowel GISTs was proposed. Gastric GISTs were classified as high risk if chr1p deletion or SDHB loss was present, and intermediate risk if chr14q deletion was present or KIT exon 11 mutation was absent. Small bowel GISTs were classified as high risk if MAX/MGA/MYC, CDKN2A, or RB1 alterations were present, and intermediate risk if chr1p deletion or chr5q amplification was present. Compared with conventional risk stratification, genomic risk stratification both upgrades and downgrades, suggesting that conventional risk stratification may underestimate or overtreat some high-risk and low-risk patients, respectively. Longitudinal sequencing detected most KIT-independent genomic alterations at baseline. Subanalysis in 26 SDH-deficient GISTs revealed that presence of TP53 mutations or chr1q amplifications portends worse RFS and disease-free survival.

Conclusions:

We developed a novel, next-generation genomic risk stratification model for primary gastric and small bowel GISTs, complementing traditional clinicopathologic models. Future independent validation of our model in external cohorts is essential.
Association between Serum Klotho and Kidney Stones in US Middle-Aged and Older Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus: Results from 2007 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Xiao Yuxiuzi , Xiao Zuomiao
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Kidney stones (KSs) are associated with hematuria and renal failure and pose a significant clinical and public health concern. Diabetes is associated with a higher risk of KSs. In addition, α-Klotho (Klotho), as a novel antiaging protein, is associated with kidney disease, diabetes, and complications and may participate in the pathological mechanism of KSs. However, studies that used large population-based database research are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether or not KS prevalence is associated with serum Klotho levels in diabetic adults in the USA. Methods: This nationally representative cross-sectional study used data on diabetic adults in the USA aged 40–79 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2016 cycles. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate the association between Klotho and KS. Restricted cubic splines were used to further test for linearity and explore the shape of the dose-response association. Moreover, we performed stratified and interaction analyses to see if the relationship was stable in different subgroups. Results: Among the 3,537 diabetic patients included in this study (mean age of 61.4 years, consisting of 51.3% males), 543 participants (15.4%) suffered from KS. In the fully adjusted model, Klotho was negatively associated with KS (OR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.54–0.96; p = 0.027). A negative relationship was observed between the occurrence of KS and Klotho (nonlinear: p = 0.560). Some differences in the association between Klotho and KS were found in stratified analyses; however, these differences lacked statistical significance. Conclusions: Serum Klotho was negatively associated with the incidence of KS; when ln-transformed Klotho concentration increased by 1 unit, the risk of KS was 28% lower.
EGFR/IGF1R Signaling Modulates Relaxation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Algül Sila , Schuldt Maike , Manders Emmy , Jansen Valentijn , Schlossarek Saskia , de Goeij-de Haas Richard , Henneman Alex A. , Piersma Sander R. , Jimenez Connie R. , Michels Michelle , Carrier Lucie , Helmes Michiel , van der Velden Jolanda , Kuster Diederik W.D.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:

Diastolic dysfunction is central to diseases such as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, therapies that improve cardiac relaxation are scarce, partly due to a limited understanding of modulators of cardiomyocyte relaxation. We hypothesized that cardiac relaxation is regulated by multiple unidentified proteins and that dysregulation of kinases contributes to impaired relaxation in patients with HCM.

METHODS:

We optimized and increased the throughput of unloaded shortening measurements and screened a kinase inhibitor library in isolated adult cardiomyocytes from wild-type mice. One hundred fifty-seven kinase inhibitors were screened. To assess which kinases are dysregulated in patients with HCM and could contribute to impaired relaxation, we performed a tyrosine and global phosphoproteomics screen and integrative inferred kinase activity analysis using HCM patient myocardium. Identified hits from these 2 data sets were validated in cardiomyocytes from a homozygous
MYBPC3
c.2373insG
HCM mouse model.

RESULTS:

Screening of 157 kinase inhibitors in wild-type (N=33) cardiomyocytes (n=24 563) resulted in the identification of 17 positive inotropes and 21 positive lusitropes, almost all of them novel. The positive lusitropes formed 3 clusters: cell cycle, EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor)/IGF1R (insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor), and a small Akt (α-serine/threonine protein kinase) signaling cluster. By performing phosphoproteomic profiling of HCM patient myocardium (N=24 HCM and N=8 donors), we demonstrated increased activation of 6 of 8 proteins from the EGFR/IGFR1 cluster in HCM. We validated compounds from this cluster in mouse HCM (N=12) cardiomyocytes (n=2023). Three compounds from this cluster were able to improve relaxation in HCM cardiomyocytes.

CONCLUSIONS:

We showed the feasibility of screening for functional modulators of cardiomyocyte relaxation and contraction, parameters that we observed to be modulated by kinases involved in EGFR/IGF1R, Akt, cell cycle signaling, and FoxO (forkhead box class O) signaling, respectively. Integrating the screening data with phosphoproteomics analysis in HCM patient tissue indicated that inhibition of EGFR/IGF1R signaling is a promising target for treating impaired relaxation in HCM.