bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Stigma Level of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B and C in Students of Different Universities
Authors: Baramzina S. V. , Bruhovich O. M. , Okulova E. O.
Published: July 2018

The purpose: to study the level of stigmatization and attitude towards patients with chronic hepatitis В (ChHB) and chronic hepatitis C (ChHC) among students of medical and non medical university. Materials and methods. Anonymous questioning was conducted among 194 senior students of two institutions of higher education in the city of Kirov: 96 people from the Kirov State Medical University (group 1) and 98 from the Vyatka State University (group 2) in 2016. The original questionnaire included 16 questions about the socio- The demographic status of the respondent, the epidemiology of HCV and HBV-infection, and the attitude towards patients with ChHB and ChHC. Results. As a result of the study, the presence of stigmatizing devices of different severity in patients with ChHB and ChHC in both groups was revealed. It was established that the level of stigmatization and potential discrimination of patients with ChHC and ChHB in students of non-medical specialties was significantly higher compared to medical students. Respondents of the 2nd group did not sufficiently orientate themselves in the issues of epidemiology of ChHB and ChHC, which led to a negative attitude towards these patients and elements of discrimination. However, in the course of the study, it was noted that one-third of students with medical training, well aware of the ways of transmission of HB/HC-virus, also feared household contacts with such patients. In the course of the work it was shown that significantly more stigmatization and discrimination were manifested in relation to ChHB patients in comparison with ChHC and only in the respondents of the 2nd group. Conclusions. Thus, the study revealed the presence of stigmatizing settings of varying severity in patients with ChHB and ChHC in both groups. It was established that the level of stigmatization and potential discrimination of patients with ChHC and ChHB in students of non-medical specialties was significantly higher compared with medical students.To overcome this problem, it is necessary to conduct planned sanitary education among students without medical training, to deepen the knowledge of students of the medical university, since patients with ChHB and ChHC should not be discriminated.
Epidemiological Analysis of the Incidence of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in the Jewish Autonomous Region in 2003 - 2016
Authors: Andaev E. I. , Sevostianova A. V. , Breneva N. V. , Noskov A. K. , Kopylov P. V. , Beznogov Y. G. , Snetkova I. P. , Avdoshina L. N. , Balakhonov S. V.
Published: July 2018

Retrospective epidemiological analysis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) was performed in the Jewish Autonomous Region based on archival, statistical and operational data of 133 HFRS cases. Total 63 mammal samples were examined by ELISA and RT-PCR. Large-scale flooding in 2013 sharpened the epizootological condition and created the preconditions for epidemiological complications. The high increase in HFRS incidence in 2014 was characterized by the epidemiological process intensity displacement from the southern areas to least affected by flooding northern parts of the region and alteration of the seasonality corresponding to the maximum number of carriers in natural foci. Since 2015 a decrease of morbidity is observing. RNA and antigen of Hantaviruses were found in Apodemus agrarius and Microtus maximowiczii. Sequencing of L-gene fragment (334 bp) of RNA-containing samples showed their taxonomic affiliation to the three Hantaviruses: Khabarovsk, Hantaan and Puumala.
Problems of the Current Vaccination Strategy against Hepatitis B
Authors: Konopleva M. V. , Borisova V. N. , Semenenko T. A. , Krymskij M. A.
Published: July 2018

Accumulation of escape mutants of hepatitis B virus (HBV) occur in the many countries at the conditions of wide-scale vaccination against hepatitis B, especially among vaccinated children. The real prevalence of such mutants is underestimated and the capacity of current vaccines to provide cross-immunity against G145R mutant is almost completely absent. The potential for spread of mutant virus strains accumulates. Consequently, a question about the need to change the design of vaccines arises with the purpose of expansion of their action spectrum. An approach of inclusion pre-S epitopes into vaccines has own advantages in fight with escape mutants, but some researchers suggest that the inclusion of modificated a-determinant capable to induce neutralizing antibodies specific to escape mutants into vaccine composition is more preferable. Nevertheless, modification of antigen components of vaccines has certain difficulties related to evaluation of the accuracy of folding of recombinant proteins and their conformity to natural analogues. A recently proposed method for selecting of recombinant antigens possessing the necessary properties likely allows to overcome existing problems. However, apparently, due to the features of species immunity to HBsAg and the limitations of using the chimpanzee model for testing of hepatitis B vaccines, the final answer to this question can only be obtained after clinical studies.
The Influenza Situation in the World and the Epidemic in Russia in Season 2016 - 2017
Authors: Karpova L. S. , Pelikh Y. M. , Stolyarov K. A.
Published: July 2018

Analysis of the situation for influenza in the world are drawn according to data published on the websites of the WHO, and the epidemic 2016 - 2017 in Russia - database «Research Influenza Institute» on the weekly morbidity, hospitalization, deaths from influenza in 61 observed the city. The influenza epidemic 2016 - 2017 started early, the duration of its in cities and in the country was longer and higher was the incidence of influenza and ARI in the cities and in the country than in the epidemic 2015 - 2016. But the epidemic of influenza A(H3N2) 2016 - 2017 there was less incidence morbidity at the peak, the frequency of hospitalization and, especially, mortality from influenza in the total population by 20 times, and in all age groups, especially among persons older than 65 years by 17.5 times, compared to the epidemic 2015 - 2016, caused by the pandemic virus influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. The peculiarities of the epidemic 2016 -17 according to the Federal districts, first of all, the absence of a second rise in the incidence of influenza in the South of Russia. The intensity of the epidemics of influenza A(H3N2) seasons 2016 - 17 and 2014 - 2015 - was average, and the epidemic A(H1N1) pdm09 2015 - 2016 - high. The case fatality rate in epidemics involving the influenza A(H3N2) remains significantly lower than in the epidemic caused by the pandemic virus influenza A(H1N1)pdm09.
Vaccination of Children with Hemoblastosis
Authors: Kostinov M. P. , Tarasova A. A.
Published: July 2018

Recommendations highlighted features vaccination children with hemoblastosis It is shown how the immunization scheme may be changed according to the pathology and the age of the child.
Epidemiological Assessment of the First Results of the National Program of Immunization of Young Children against Pneumococcal Infection in Russia
Authors: Brico N. I. , Tsapkova N. N. , Sukhova V. A. , Gerasimov A. N. , Polybin R. V. , Turina I. E. , Dryagileva P. I. , Kholodnova N. V. , Khetagurov Yu. Yu. , Feldblum I. V. , Polushkina A. V. , Titova L. N. , Thapa K. A. , Sharuho G. V. , Rychkova O. A. , Markova O. P. , Kazyanov Yu. A.
Published: July 2018

Pneumococcal infections are among the most common infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including Russia. At the end of 2014 in the national immunization schedule countries introduced vaccination against pneumococcal infection The aim of study. To assess the epidemiological effectiveness of vaccination against pneumococcal infection in young children selectively in different territories of the Russian Federation 2 years later from its beginning Materials and methods. In the course of epidemiological observational analytical research of type «case-control» data were obtained on the incidence in vaccinated and unvaccinated against pneumococcal infection in children from 2 months to 2 years We analyzed 1422 outpatients and 356 case histories of children in several cities (Moscow, Smolensk, Sevastopol, Perm, Tyumen, Barnaul). The results are subjected to statistical processing The results and discussion Established that there is a reliable causal connection between the lack of vaccination of children against pneumococcal infection and incidence of diseases. Shows high prophylactic efficacy of vaccination of children up to 2 years. Received in outpatient and inpatient facilities, evidence suggests that the incidence of invasive and non-invasive forms of pneumococcal infection was significantly lower in the vaccinated children It was revealed that the vaccination coverage against pneumococcal infection in children from 2 months to one year and the second year of life was 51 and 40% respectively. Vaccination in the first six months of life in 2016 received only 25% of children. A high proportion of the parent's refusal of vaccination of children (54.2%), and high frequency medical taps (9.7%) from vaccination.
Study of Interactions of Microscopic Fungi Isolated from Burrow Microbiotopes of Great Gerbil and Little Souslik with Plague Agent and its Vectors
Authors: Lopatina N. V. , Mishankin B. N.
Published: July 2018

At present there is strong evidence of the long-term persistence of Yersinia pestis in soil during interepizootic period in nonculturable and L-forms of bacteria. This information helps to reveal the mechanisms of emergence, establishment and extinction of plague foci. Deciphering causes of transformation of plague microbe in rodent burrows is possible only under condition of detailed study of biocenotic relations of plague causative agent with each of the multiple biocenosis components, including microorganisms -permanent inhabitants of the burrow microbiotopes in natural plague foci. Purpose of the study: Study of interactions of microscopic fungi-micromycetes iso-lated from burrow microbiotopes of great gerbil and little souslik in the Ural-Emba interfluve and in Nogai steppe with plague agent and its vectors. Materials and methods: The effect of 74 micromycete species, isolated in natural plague foci, on Yersinia pestis virulent strains was studied in vitro and in vivo (in organisms of X. skrjabini fleas). In the experiments in vitro fungi metabolites were applied on the lawns of Y. pestis test-cultures with subsequent recording of the size of lysed zones. Fleas were challenged in tubes with filtering-paper strips impregnated by fungal cultural liquid and then LT100 value was calculated. In the experiments in vivo fungus conidia were applied on the surface of insect cuticle; flea challenging with plague was carried out on agonizing white mice infected by plague microbe. Insect challenge with plague and fungal conidia was alternated in different succession. Results and discussion: Of 74 micromycete strains 78.4% produced antagonistic effect in relation to 1-5 Y. pestis strains. Ashergillus versicolor, A. clavatus, A. sulfereus, Mucor racematus, Penicillium baarnensens, P. sp. relative to P. charlesii, P. sp. relative to P. martensii, P. insectus, P. chrysogenum fungi induced growth suppression of all five test strains of Y. pestis. High antibiotic activity of fungi metabolites was accompanied by insecticidal activity against Xenopsylla skrjabini fleas. Microscopic fungi P. funiculosum, P. cyclopium, P. chrisogenum, P. charlesii. P. canescens, A. versicolor induced 100% flea death on 4-6 day. As a result of insect pretreatment by conidia of P. funiculosum with subsequent challenging with plague microbe block formation in fleas decreased 14 times, and the number of Y. pestis cells after 12 days was 25-33 times less independent of succession, in which insects were challenged with microorganisms. Conclusion. It is supposed that micromycetes could play an important role in natural plague foci, adjusting epizootic activity of plague vectors and causative agent.
Epidemiological Features of Chronic Lung Infection in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Shaginyan I. A. , Chernukha M. Yu. , Avetisyan L. R. , Siyanova E. A. , Kulyastova D. G. , Medvedeva O. S. , Priputnevich T. B. , Trofimov D. Yu. , Gordeev A. V. , Kondratieva E. I. , Amelina E. L. , Krasovskiy S. A.
Published: July 2018

Relevance. Life expectancy of cystic fibrosis patients mostly depends on the degree of respiratory system damage caused by opportunistic microorganisms, which is due to the fact that 90-95% of deaths of cystic fibrosis patients are caused by lung infections. Goal. To define epidemiologic characteristics of chronic lung infection caused by the most common agents (S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. cepacia-like bacteria (Bcc) and Achromobacter spp.) using a novel chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients microbiological diagnosis algorithm. Materials and methods. Over a period of 7 years (2008-2016) 300 children with cystic fibrosis living in Moscow, Moscow region and several other regions of Russian Federation have been checked-up. 260 sputum samples from 100 adult patients, who were under care at the Pulmonology Research Institute, were studied. Sputum samples from children were taken before and after antibiotic therapy with intervals of 15-45 days and over 6 months. 30 of the children were also subjected to a microbiologic monitoring of the state of chronic infection in the period between 4 and 15 months. Sputum sample from adult patients were also taken before and after antibiotic therapy with intervals of 0, 15-45 days and over 6 months. Results. P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, H. influenzae and Burkholderia cepacia-like bacteria were confirmed to be the most common agents of lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients. Children with cystic fibrosis over the years develop foci of chronic lung infection, mainly caused by P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Conclusions. Chronic lung infection can be caused by community-acquired or nosocomial S. aureus и P. aeruginosa. Chronic lung infection is a complex, dynamically changing disease which requires constant monitoring and is mainly caused by S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, Bcc bacteria and Achromobacter spp. As populations of the agents can be diverse, it is necessary to study all colonies with differing phenotypes (mucoid and non-mucoid variants, small colony variants, variants with different pigments) and to take samples of several colonies when testing antibiotic resistance. Bcc and Achromobacter spp. cannot be eradicated with antibiotics, thus the only effective measure against these bacteria can only be vaccination which requires developing a vaccine.
Difficulties in Differential Diagnosis of Post-Vaccination Period. Practical Examples
Authors: Nacharova E. P. , Kharit S. M.
Published: July 2018

Described four cases of illness in children hospitalized for one month after vaccination with live vaccines. In all cases the options considered in differential diagnosis between vaccinates reaction; undercurrents infections; separately shown the possibility of development of mumps in post-vaccination period vaccination party. The difficulties of differential diagnostics of diseases of post-vaccination period were analyzed. The necessity of laboratory examination in such cases to establish the etiological factor. The comparison of the system of registration of such events in the Russian Federation and abroad. The need to change the system of registration of adverse events in post-vaccination period.
Circulation of Fungi of the Genus Candida in Children's and Adult Multi Purpose Hospitals
Authors: Petrukhina M. I. , Martynova2 A. M. , Politova N. G. , Starostina N. V. , Cairo A. N.
Published: July 2018

The aimof the work is to study the circulation of fungi of the genus Candida in children's and adult multi purpose hospitals.

Materials and methods.A total of 61,226 studies of material obtained from patients in the children's hospital were performed. A positive result was registered in 27 060 cases (44.2%). In an adult hospital, 8647 samples were tested, of which 1988 (23.0%) were positive.

Results and discussion.Among the representatives of the fungi of the genus Candida, C. albicans 752 strains (61.3%) were isolated in the overwhelming number of patients of the children's hospital, C. papapsilosis – 15.1%, C. famata – 11.6%, and C. glabrata – 8.0%. Other representatives of the genus were rare enough, in particular: C. krusei and C. gullermondii – 1.1%, respectively. The greatest number of fungi of the genus – was allocated from patients in the Department of Resuscitation and Intensive Care – 467 strains (38.1% of all the fungi isolated), 186 strains (15.2%) in the Otorhinolaryngological department, 87 out of 87 (7.1%), in the Departments of Planned Surgery and Urology – 86 (7.0%), Surgical Intensive Care Unit – 72 (5.9%), in The Department of Infectious Diseases with Surgical Pathology – 65 (5.3%). C. albicans was sown both in monoculture – 47.4%, and in associations – 52.6%. Other representatives of fungi were also approximately equally found in mono- and in microcultures. In the children's multi purpose hospital, 11 species of Candida fungi with a predominance of C. albicans circulated. In the adult multi purpose hospital for two years was isolated from the patients 137 cultures of Candida fungi.

Conclusions.The probability of isolating fungi from a locus is determined by the profile of the Department, as well as by the primary pathology with which patients entered the hospital. In both children's and adult hospitals, the most common Candida fungi have been isolated from the Department of Resuscitation and Intensive Care patients mainly from sputum and urine, less often from blood, separated wounds, abdominal cavity and from cerebrospinal fluid (only in children). Against the background of a wide circulation of fungi in the hospital, colonization of patients is possible with the subsequent development of the infectious process, mainly in people at risk.
Analysis Mortality in Patients with HIV-infection on Example of a Region with a High Prevalence of Infection
Authors: Rosenberg V. Ya. , Plotnikova Yu. K. , Voronin E. E.
Published: July 2018

RelevanceThe HIV epidemic, registered worldwide since the early 1980s, is currently continuing its development in most countries, and, according to the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS, 2016), covers more than 36 million people (including 1.8 million children) AIDS mortality is a key indicator of the effectiveness of the response to the HIV epidemic. On the example of the Irkutsk region as a region with high lesion, an analysis of the main indicators and causes of death of patients with HIV infection was carried out.

Goal– analysis of the mortality of HIV / AIDS patients by the example of a region with a high degree of defeat in order to determine the key criteria for evaluating activities to reduce the mortality from HIV/AIDS.

Materials and methods An analysis was made of the causes of mortality of patients with HIV infection in the Irkutsk region in 2014– 2016, using comparative data of modern domestic and foreign literature (including total mortality), as well as accounting and reporting documentation of the Irkutsk Regional Center for prevention and control of AIDS and infectious diseases.

Results 1.There is an increase in the death rate of HIV-infected people, including those caused by HIV. 2. The increase in mortality practically does not lead to an increase in mortality due to a parallel increase in the number of people living with HIV. 3. The main causes of death from HIV infection (AIDS) are pathologies with primary respiratory system damage: tuberculosis and pneumonia, which requires special attention in developing approaches to diagnosis, recording, treatment and prevention of these diseases, as well as assessing the impact of vaccination of patients with HIV infection against pneumococcus on mortality from pneumonia. 4. The increase in ART coverage of all patient populations contributes to the stabilization of mortality from HIV/AIDS.

Conclusions:the most important for assessing the impact of ongoing efforts of the health system to reduce mortality among HIVinfected patients is the correct registration and diagnosis (including posthumous) of AIDS-indicative diseases, certainly associated with the progression of HIV infection.
Interregional Scientific and Practical Conference "Prospects for the Prevention of Infections Managed by Immunoprophylaxis"
Authors: Brusina E. B.
Published: July 2018

Interregional Scientific and Practical Conference "Prospects for the Prevention of Infections Managed by Immunoprophylaxis".
Problems of Vaccinal Prevention in Adult Population
Authors: Briko N. I. , Tsapkova N. N. , Batyrshina L. R. , Korshunov V. A. , Feldblyum I. V. , Bikmieva A. V. , Subbotina K. A. , Filippov O. V.
Published: July 2018

The analysis of the vaccine preventive status of infectious diseases in adults in Russia and various countries of the world is presented in the  article. The problems and directions of improving the immunization of the adult population in Russia are identified.
Resolution of Regional Meetings on the Improvement of Epidemiological Surveillance of Measles and Rubella in 2017 (with reductions)
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: July 2018

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Comparison of 3D intraoperative digital subtraction angiography and intraoperative indocyanine green video angiography during intracranial aneurysm surgery
Authors: Marbacher Serge , Mendelowitsch Itai , Grüter Basil Erwin , Diepers Michael , Remonda Luca , Fandino Javier
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE

During the last decade, improvements in real-time, high-resolution imaging of surgically exposed cerebral vasculature have been realized with the successful introduction of intraoperative indocyanine green video angiography (ICGVA) and technical advances in intraoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA). With the availability of 3D intraoperative DSA (3D-iDSA) in hybrid operating rooms, the present study offers a contemporary comparison for rates of accuracy and discordance.

METHODS

In this retrospective study of prospectively collected data, 140 consecutive patients underwent microsurgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) in a hybrid operating room. Variables analyzed included patient demographics, aneurysm-specific characteristics, intraoperative ICGVA and 3D-iDSA findings, and the need for intraoperative clip readjustment. The authors defined the discordance rate of the two modalities as a false-negative finding that necessitated clip repositioning after 3D-iDSA.

RESULTS

In 120 patients, ICGVA and 3D-iDSA were used to evaluate 134 IA obliterations. Of 215 clips used, 29 (14%) were repositioned intraoperatively, improving the surgical result in all 29 patients (24%). Repositioning was prompted by visual inspection and microvascular Doppler ultrasonography in 8 (28%), ICGVA in 13 (45%), and 3D-iDSA in 7 (24%) patients. Clip repositioning was needed in 7 patients (6%) based on 3D-iDSA, yielding an ICGVA accuracy rate of 94%. Five (71%) of the ICGVA–3D-iDSA discordances that prompted clip repositioning occurred at the anterior communicating artery complex.

CONCLUSIONS

A combination of vascular monitoring techniques most often achieved correct intraoperative interpretation of complete IA occlusion and parent artery integrity. Compared with 3D-iDSA imaging, ICGVA demonstrated high accuracy. Despite the relatively low discordance rate, iDSA was confirmed to be the gold standard. Improved imaging quality, including 3D-iDSA, supports its routine use in IA surgery, obviating the need for postoperative DSA.
Surgical anatomy of the superior hypophyseal artery and its relevance for endoscopic endonasal surgery
Authors: Truong Huy Q. , Najera Edinson , Zanabria-Ortiz Robert , Celtikci Emrah , Sun Xicai , Borghei-Razavi Hamid , Gardner Paul A. , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C.
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE

The endoscopic endonasal approach has become a routine corridor to the suprasellar region. The superior hypophyseal arteries (SHAs) are intimately related to lesions in the suprasellar space, such as craniopharyngiomas and meningiomas. Here the authors investigate the surgical anatomy and variations of the SHA from the endoscopic endonasal perspective.

METHODS

Thirty anatomical specimens with vascular injection were used for endoscopic endonasal dissection. The number of SHAs and their origin, course, branching, anastomoses, and areas of supply were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS

A total of 110 SHAs arising from 60 internal carotid arteries (ICAs), or 1.83 SHAs per ICA (range 0–3), were found. The most proximal SHA always ran in the preinfundibular space and provided the major blood supply to the infundibulum, optic chiasm, and proximal optic nerve; it was defined as the primary SHA (pSHA). The more distal SHA(s), present in 78.3% of sides, ran in the retroinfundibular space and supplied the stalk and may also supply the tuber cinereum and optic tracts. In the two sides (3.3%) in which no SHA was present, the territory was covered by a pair of infundibular arteries originating from the posterior communicating artery. Two-thirds of the pSHAs originated proximal to the distal dural ring; half of these arose from the carotid cave portion of the ICA, whereas the other half originated proximal to the cave. Four branching patterns of the pSHA were recognized, with the most common pattern (41.7%) consisting of three or more branches with a tree-like pattern. Descending branches were absent in 25% of cases. Preinfundibular anastomoses between pSHAs were found in all specimens. Anastomoses between the pSHA and the secondary SHA (sSHA) or the infundibular arteries were found in 75% cases.

CONCLUSIONS

The first SHA almost always supplies the infundibulum, optic chiasm, and proximal optic nerve and represents the pSHA. Compromising this artery can cause a visual deficit. Unilateral injury to the pSHA is less likely to cause an endocrine deficit given the artery’s abundant anastomoses. A detailed understanding of the surgical anatomy of the SHA and its many variations may help surgeons when approaching challenging lesions in the suprasellar region.
A novel etiology for craniospinal hypovolemia: a case of inferior vena cava obstruction
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Neidert Newton B. , Diehn Felix E. , Campeau Norbert G. , Morris Jonathan M. , Bjarnason Haraldur
Published: July 2018

The authors report on a patient with craniospinal hypovolemia and inferior vena cava obstruction, and describe how the two conditions may be linked. This unique report further advances the emerging literature on spinal CSF venous fistulae.
Effects of preoperative mental distress versus surgical modality, arthroplasty, or fusion on long-term outcome in patients with cervical radiculopathy
Authors: MacDowall Anna , Skeppholm Martin , Lindhagen Lars , Robinson Yohan , Olerud Claes
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE

Several efforts have been made to investigate the long-term efficacy of artificial disc replacement surgery compared with that of fusion after decompression for the treatment of cervical degenerative disc disease and radiculopathy. However, research on the impact of mental distress on surgical treatment outcome has been sparse. The aim of the authors was to investigate the potential predictive value of preoperative risk factors in determining long-term outcome.

METHODS

A total of 153 patients (mean age 47 years) with single- or double-level cervical degenerative disc disease and radiculopathy were randomly assigned to undergo either anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (n = 70) or artificial disc replacement (n = 83). The primary outcome was the Neck Disability Index (NDI) score, a patient-reported function score that ranges from 0% to 100%; higher scores indicate greater disability. Preoperative variables such as sex, age, smoking status, employment status, having a strenuous job, neck pain duration, arm pain duration, amount of regular exercise, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score, NDI score, whether surgery was performed on 1 or 2 levels, and allocated treatment were analyzed in multiple linear regression models with the 5-year NDI score as the outcome.

RESULTS

A total of 47 (31%) patients had either a HADS anxiety or HADS depression score of 10 points or higher. High values on the preoperative HADS were a negative predictor of outcome (p = 0.009). Treatment allocation had no effect on 5-year NDI scores (p = 0.32).

CONCLUSIONS

Preoperative mental distress measured with the HADS affects long-term outcome in surgically treated patients with cervical radiculopathy.
Phenytoin versus levetiracetam as prophylaxis for postcraniotomy seizure in patients with no history of seizures: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Chang-Hyun , Koo Hae-Won , Han Seong Rok , Choi Chan-Young , Sohn Moon-Jun , Lee Chae-Heuck
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE

De novo seizure following craniotomy (DSC) for nontraumatic pathology may adversely affect medical and neurological outcomes in patients with no history of seizures who have undergone craniotomies. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are commonly used prophylactically in patients undergoing craniotomy; however, evidence supporting this practice is limited and mixed. The authors aimed to collate the available evidence on the efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam monotherapy and compare it with that of the classic AED, phenytoin, for DSC.

METHODS

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies that compared levetiracetam with phenytoin for DSC prevention. Inclusion criteria were adult patients with no history of epilepsy who underwent craniotomy with prophylactic usage of phenytoin, a comparator group with levetiracetam treatment as the main treatment difference between the two groups, and availability of data on the numbers of patients and seizures for each group. Patients with brain injury and previous seizure history were excluded. DSC occurrence and adverse drug reaction (ADR) were evaluated. Seizure occurrence was calculated using the Peto odds ratio (POR), which is the relative effect estimation method of choice for binary data with rare events.

RESULTS

Data from 7 studies involving 803 patients were included. The DSC occurrence rate was 1.26% (4/318) in the levetiracetam cohort and 6.60% (32/485) in the phenytoin cohort. Meta-analysis showed that levetiracetam is significantly superior to phenytoin for DSC prevention (POR 0.233, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.117–0.462, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that levetiracetam is superior to phenytoin for DSC due to all brain diseases (POR 0.129, 95% CI 0.039–0.423, p = 0.001) and tumor (POR 0.282, 95% CI 0.117–0.678, p = 0.005). ADRs in the levetiracetam group were cognitive disturbance, thrombophlebitis, irritability, lethargy, tiredness, and asthenia, whereas rash, anaphylaxis, arrhythmia, and hyponatremia were more common in the phenytoin group. The overall occurrence of ADR in the phenytoin (34/466) and levetiracetam (26/432) groups (p = 0.44) demonstrated no statistically significant difference in ADR occurrence. However, the discontinuation rate of AEDs due to ADR was 53/297 in the phenytoin group and 6/196 in the levetiracetam group (POR 0.266, 95% CI 0.137–0.518, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Levetiracetam is superior to phenytoin for DSC prevention for nontraumatic pathology and has fewer serious ADRs that lead to discontinuation. Further high-quality studies that compare levetiracetam with placebo are necessary to provide evidence for establishing AED guidelines.
Twenty years’ experience with myelomeningocele management at a single institution: lessons learned
Authors: Kellogg Robert , Lee Philip , Deibert Christopher P. , Tempel Zachary , Zwagerman Nathan T. , Bonfield Christopher M. , Johnson Stephen , Greene Stephanie
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE

The authors reviewed 20 years’ experience with the surgical management of open myelomeningocele in a well-defined retrospective cohort from a single large academic medical center. Their goal was to define the characteristics of a modern cohort of children with myelomeningocele to allow for evidence-based decision-making for the treatment of these patients.

METHODS

After IRB approval was obtained, the authors queried an operative database maintained by the Department of Neurological Surgery at Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh for patients who underwent closure of a myelomeningocele between 1995 and 2015. They identified 153 infants, and a retrospective chart review was performed.

RESULTS

Eighty-eight percent of the patients required placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, and 15% of these patients acquired shunt-related infections. Eighteen percent of patients underwent Chiari malformation type II (CM-II) decompression. Sixteen percent of patients underwent a tethered cord release. Three percent of patients died within the 1st year of life. Predictors of an early demise included poor Apgar scores, large head circumference, and need for early CM-II decompression. Functional motor outcome was slightly better than predicted by anatomical level of defect.

CONCLUSIONS

Myelomeningoceles represent a severe birth defect with life-threatening complications. The authors provide long-term follow-up data and insight into factors that contribute to early death.
YEDİNCİ SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN CEBİRSEL SÖZEL PROBLEMLERİ ÇÖZME BECERİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: KAYA Deniz
Published: July 2018

Bu
çalışmada yedinci sınıf öğrencilerinin cebirsel sözel problemleri çözme becerilerini
incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Tarama modelinin benimsendiği betimsel çalışma,
2016-2017 eğitim-öğretim yılının ikinci döneminde yedinci sınıf düzeyinde
rastgele seçilen toplam 150 öğrenci ile yürütülmüştür. Öğrencilerin cebirsel
sözel problem becerilerini ortaya çıkarmak için günlük yaşam durumlarına
yönelik 10 adet açık uçlu problem veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır.
Veriler içerik analizi göre değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirmede Marzano’nun
(2000) geliştirmiş olduğu aşamalı puan ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde
edilen sonuçlara göre, yedinci sınıf öğrencilerinin cebirsel sözel problemler
için sonucun doğruluğuna ve çözüm yoluna karar verme, çözüme ilişkin mantıklı
tartışmalar yapma, sözel problemi çözme, genelleme yapma ile uygun muhakemeyi
belirleme ve kullanma boyutlarındaki beceri düzeylerinin arzu edilen seviyede
olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, farklı sayıda cebirsel problem
çeşitleri ile sorgulamanın ön planda tutulduğu öğretim programına yer verilmesi
öneri olarak
sunulmuştur.
MÜLKİYETİ YATIRIMCI TAZMİN MERKEZİ'NE İNTİKAL EDEN SERMAYE PİYASASI ARAÇLARINA İLİŞKİN OLARAK HAK SAHİPLERİNE YAPILACAK ÖDEME TUTARLARI NASIL HESAPLANIYOR?
Authors: ÖCAL Nurcan , ÖCAL Öykü
Published: July 2018

Sermaye piyasası araçlarının fiziken bastırılmasından
vazgeçilerek, hak sahipleri bazında kayden elektronik ortamda izlenmesi
şeklinde özetleyebileceğimiz kaydileştirme süreci, Türkiye’de Sermaye Piyasası
Kurulu tarafından yapılan düzenlemelerle başlamış, 6362 sayılı Sermaye Piyasası
Kanunu’nun 13’üncü maddesinde konuya ilişkin düzenlemelere yer verilmiştir.
Anılan Kanun maddesinin dördüncü fıkrası Anayasa Mahkemesi tarafından kısmen
iptal edilmiş olup iptal kararı öncesinde iptal edilen hükme istinaden, kayden
izlenmeye başlandığı tarihi izleyen yedinci yılın sonuna kadar teslim
edilmediği için, mülkiyeti Yatırımcı Tazmin Merkezi (YTM[1])’ne intikal eden
sermaye piyasası araçlarına ilişkin olarak, 07.09.2016 tarihli Resmi Gazete’de
yayımlanan Yönetmelik uyarınca YTM tarafından hak sahiplerine ödeme yapılmaya
başlanmıştır. Süresi içinde kaydileştirme işlemlerini yerine getirmediği için
sahip oldukları fiziki sermaye piyasası araçlarının mülkiyeti mülga kanun hükmü
uyarınca YTM’ye intikal etmiş olanlar için yatırımcılar iade talebinde
bulunabileceklerdir. Yapılacak ödeme tutarlarının hesaplanmasına ilişkin usul
ve esaslar temelde aynı olmakla birlikte, sermaye piyasası araçlarının YTM
tarafından mevzuat uyarınca satılıp satılmadığı yanında fiziki payların ihraç
yılı, üzerinde bulunan kuponlar, ilgili şirket tarafından yapılan sermaye
artırımları ve kâr payı dağıtımları gibi çok sayıda hususun dikkate alınması ve
hesaplamaların her somut olay bazında ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.
KADI SİCİLLERİ IŞIĞINDA OSMANLI’DA AİLE: KAYSERİ ÖRNEĞİ (1608-1656)
Authors: DEĞERLİ Ayşe
Published: July 2018

Kadı
Sicilleri, Osmanlı toplumunun siyasi, sosyal, ekonomik ve hukuki durumunun
ortaya çıkarılmasında yararlanılan önemli kaynaklardır. Asılları Ankara’da
Milli Kütüphane’de bulunan sicillerin mikrofilmleri, İstanbul Başbakanlık
Osmanlı Arşivi’nde “Meşihat” adlı
fonda kayıtlı olup bunlardan 289’u Kayseri ile ilgilidir. 1489-1915 arasına
tarihlenen 289 Kayseri Kadı Sicili’nin 89’u 1608-1699 yılları arası mahkeme
kayıtlarını içermektedir. Osmanlı aile yapısının sosyolojik tespitine katkıda
bulunmak amacıyla bu çalışmada, sicillerdeki veriler ışığında ailenin oluşum
süreci, temel ögeleri, çözülme süreci ve anneyle çocuğu koruyucu müesseseler
incelenecektir.
OSMANLI DÖNEMİ BİR BALKAN ŞEHRİNDEN KESİTLER: XX. YÜZYIL BAŞINDA BİR İNGİLİZ SUBAYININ SARAYBOSNA İZLENİMLERİ
Authors: ÇEVİK Zeki , YIKILMAZPEHLİVAN Emirhan
Published: July 2018

Bu çalışmada, kısa bir şehir tarihçiliği ve Osmanlı
şehirlerinin değerlendirmesi ile İngiliz Binbaşı Percy E. Henderson’ın 1904
yılında Batı Balkanlarda gerçekleştirdiği gezi çerçevesinde Saraybosna
izlenimleri ele alınmıştır. Seyyah’ın bu hatıraları 1909 yılında Londra’da “A British Officer in the Balkans” ismiyle
basılmıştır. Bu kaynağa göre, bugünkü
Bosna-Hersek devletinin başkenti Saraybosna hakkında ayrıntılı bilgiler bulunmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, XX. Yüzyılın
başlarında, Saraybosna’nın tarihi yapıları, Pazar yerleri, gündelik yaşam
mekanları, halkın giyim kuşam alışkanlıkları, esnaf ve sanatkarların durumu ile
şehrin iklimsel ve coğrafi özellikleri hakkında verilen bilgiler incelenmiştir.
ENDERUNLU FAZIL’IN III. SELİM MERSİYESİ (İNCELEME-METİN)
Authors: DÜZENLİ Mesut Bayram
Published: July 2018

Mersiye, Divan
edebiyatında kişinin vefatından duyulan üzüntünün dile getirildiği, ölen
kişinin iyi taraflarının anlatıldığı ve kendisine hayır duanın edildiği bir
türdür. Mersiyelerde, dünyanın faniliği ve insanoğlunun ölüm karşısındaki
çaresizliği vurgulanarak ölen kişinin yakınlarına sabır ve metanet tavsiye
edilir. Allah’ın takdirine rıza gösterilmekle birlikte feleğe sitem ve ondan
şikâyet yer alır. Eğer vefat eden bir hükümdarsa, yeni hükümdara hayır dua
etmek âdeti de vardır.

Kendisine mersiye
yazılan hükümdarlardan biri de Sultan III. Selim’dir. III. Selim, 1789-1807
yılları arasında yaklaşık on sekiz yıl tahtta bulunmuş bir Osmanlı padişahıdır.
Dönemin Divan şairleri kendisinden, “yumuşak tabiatlı, İskender gibi, cömert,
sanatkâra iltifat eden, adil ve emin” gibi vasıflarla söz etmişler; devrinin
rahatlık ve huzur dolu olduğunu şiirlerinde anlatmışlardır. Sultan III. Selim,
Nizam-ı Cedidi kurduğu için 1807’deki Kabakçı Mustafa isyanı ile tahttan
indirilmiş, 1808 senesinde çıkan yeniçeri isyanı sırasında kendisinin tekrar
tahta geçeceği endişesini taşıyan IV. Mustafa’nın emriyle katledilmiştir. Divan
şairlerinden Enderunlu Fazıl ve Ayni III. Selim’in katledilmesinden duydukları
acıyı yazdıkları mersiyede dile getirmişlerdir.

Bu çalışmada,
Enderunlu Fazıl Bey’in III. Selim’e yazdığı mersiye şekil ve muhteva bakımından
ele alınacaktır. Bu meyanda mersiyenin bölümleri, şairin felekten şikâyeti,
padişahın vasıflarına dair anlattıkları, onun vefatına sebep olanlar hakkındaki
düşünce ve ifadeleri gibi hususlar değerlendirilecektir. Mersiyenin metni,
Enderunlu Fazıl Divanı’nın matbu ve yazma nüshalarında gerek beyit sayısı ve
gerekse ifadeler bakımından farklılıklar göstermektedir. Bu sebeple, mersiyenin
tenkitli metni de çalışmanın sonunda ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır.
GİRİŞİMCİLİK MALİYETLERİNİN DÜŞÜRÜLMESİ: T.C. KÜÇÜK VE ORTA ÖLÇEKLİ İŞLETMELERİ GELİŞTİRME VE DESTEKLEME İDARESİ BAŞKANLIĞI (KOSGEB) DESTEKLİ BİR İŞLETME ÜZERİNE UYGULAMA
Authors: Berikol Bilal Zafer , Kıllı Mustafa
Published: July 2018

Bir
girişimci tarafından yeni kurulan işletmelerin çoğu küçük veya orta büyüklükte
kurulmaktadır. Bu işletmeler Küçük ve Orta Büyüklükteki İşletmeler (KOBİ) olarak bilinmektedir. KOBİ'ler ekonomik
canlılığın göstergesidirler ve her ülkede olduğu gibi ülkemiz ekonomisinde de
son derece önemli bir yere sahiptirler. Bu çalışmanın amacı yeni kurulmuş bir KOBİ’de Faaliyet Tabanlı Maliyetleme
(FTM) yönteminin uygulanabilirliğini araştırmaktır. Bu bağlamda, KOSGEB’den
destek alarak kurulmuş bir mobilya işletmesine ilişkin veriler ile vaka
çalışması yöntemi kullanılarak yöntemin uygulanabilirliği sınanmıştır. Vaka çalışması
yöntemi, araştırma yapılan konunun ayrıntılı olarak ve özel bir durumun ya da
özel bir örneğin detaylı incelenmesine imkân tanıdığı için maliyet ve yönetim
muhasebesi çalışmalarında sıkça kullanılmaktadır. Bulgular FTM yönteminin daha
doğru bilgiler sağladığı ve KOBİ’lerde uygulanabileceğini göstermektedir.
CUMHURBAŞKANLIĞI HÜKÜMET SİSTEMİ VE KAMU YÖNETİMİNE ETKİLERİ
Authors: Güler Tahsin
Published: July 2018

Demokratik
hükümet sistemlerinin en yaygın uygulamaları başkanlık sistemi, yarı başkanlık
sistemi ve parlamenter sistem olarak bilinmektedir. Günümüzde, bir asrı aşan
bir süredir uyguladığı parlamenter sistemi terk etmeye hazırlanan Türkiye,
Cumhurbaşkanlığı Hükümet Sistemi olarak ifade edilen, başkanlık sistemi temelli
ve Türkiye’ye özgü olarak hazırlanmış yeni bir sisteme geçiş sürecini
yaşamaktadır.

Cumhurbaşkanlığı
Hükümet Sistemi, kamu yönetiminin yapısı ve işleyişi üzerinde ciddi etkiler yaratacaktır.
Yeni sistemde özellikle, kamu bürokrasisinin, kaldırılacak olan Başbakanlık
kurumu bünyesindeki kurumların ve bakanlıkların bu etkileri en çok hissedecek temel
yapılar olacağı aşikar gözükmektedir. Bu bağlamda kamu yönetiminde hızlı karar
almaya dönük dinamik bir yapı tasavvuruyla yürütmenin başı olarak ekibini
(yardımcıları ve bakanları) kuracak olan Cumhurbaşkanı, üst kademe kamu
yöneticilerini atama ve Cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnameleri çıkarma yetkileriyle
kamu yönetiminin ve bürokrasinin işleyişini domine edecektir.
Depletion-model-based numerical simulation of the kinetics of red blood cell aggregation under sinusoidal pulsatile flow
Authors: Lee Cheong-Ah , Kong Qi , Paeng Dong-Guk
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND:

Previous numerical modeling studies on red blood cell (RBC) aggregation have elucidated the inverse relationship between shear rate and RBC aggregation under steady flow. However, information on the cyclic variation in RBC aggregation under pulsatile flow remains lacking.

OBJECTIVE:

RBC aggregation was simulated to investigate the complex interrelationships among the parameters of RBC motion under pulsatile flow.

METHODS:

A two-dimensional particle model was used to simulate RBC motion driven by hydrodynamic, aggregation, and elastic forces in a sinusoidal pulsatile flow field. The kinetics of RBCs motion was simulated on the basis of the depletion model.

RESULTS:

The simulation results corresponded with previously obtained experimental results for the formation and destruction of RBC aggregates with a parabolic radial distribution during a pulsatile cycle. In addition, the results demonstrated that the cyclic variation in the mean aggregate size of RBCs increased as velocity amplitude increased from 1 cm/s to 3 cm/s under a mean steady flow of 2 cm/s, as mean steady flow velocity decreased from 6 cm/s to 2 cm/s under a velocity amplitude of 1.5 cm/s, and as stroke rate decreased from 180 beats per minute (bpm) to 60 bpm.

CONCLUSIONS:

The present simulation results verified previous experimental results and improved the current understanding of the complex spatiotemporal changes experienced by RBC aggregates during a sinusoidal pulsatile cycle.
ABCA7 Downregulation Modifies Cellular Cholesterol Homeostasis and Decreases Amyloid-β Peptide Efflux in an in vitro Model of the Blood-Brain Barrier
Authors: Lamartinière Yordenca , Boucau Marie-Christine , Dehouck Lucie , Krohn Markus , Pahnke Jens , Candela Pietra , Gosselet Fabien , Fenart Laurence
Published: July 2018

The role of ABCA7 in brain homeostasis and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is currently under intense scrutiny, since it has been reported that polymorphisms in the Abca7 gene and a loss of function of the protein are closely linked to excessive accumulation of amyloid peptides and disturbed cholesterol homeostasis. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which isolates the brain from the blood compartment, is involved in both of these processes. We therefore hypothesized that ABCA7 downregulation might affect cholesterol and amyloid exchanges at the BBB. Using siRNA and primary cultures of mouse endothelial cells purified from brain microvessels and seeded on Transwell ® inserts, we investigated the role of ABCA7 in cholesterol and amyloid exchanges across the BBB. Our results showed that a decrease in ABCA7 expression at the BBB provokes in vitro a reduction in ABCA1 expression and a decrease in APOE secretion. In vitro, these decreases reduce cholesterol exchange across the BBB, particularly for high-density lipoproteins and ApoA-I particles. When ABCA7 was absent, we observed a reduction in Aβ peptide basolateral-to-apical transport in the presence of ApoA-I, with non-significant changes in the expression levels of Rage, Lrp1, Abcb1, Abcc1, and Abcg2. Our study in murine BBB model highlighted a putative new role for ABCA7 in AD via the protein’s involvement in cholesterol metabolism and amyloid clearance at the BBB.
Dual-Task Gait and Alzheimer’s Disease Genetic Risk in Cognitively Normal Adults: A Pilot Study
Authors: Whitson Heather E. , Potter Guy G. , Feld Jody A. , Plassman Brenda L. , Reynolds Kelly , Sloane Richard , Welsh-Bohmer Kathleen A.
Published: July 2018

Background:

Dual-task paradigms, in which an individual performs tasks separately and then concurrently, often demonstrate that people with neurodegenerative disorders experience more dual-task interference, defined as worse performance in the dual-task condition compared to the single-task condition.

Objective:

To examine how gait-cognition dual-task performance differs between cognitively normal older adults with and without an APOE ɛ4 allele.

Methods:

Twenty-nine individuals ages 60 to 72 with normal cognition completed a dual-task protocol in which walking and cognitive tasks (executive function, memory) were performed separately and concurrently. Fourteen participants carried APOE ɛ4 alleles ( ɛ3/ ɛ4 or ɛ2/ ɛ4); fifteen had APOE genotypes ( ɛ2/ ɛ2, ɛ2/ ɛ3, or ɛ3/ ɛ3) associated with lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Results:

The two risk groups did not differ by age, sex, race, education, or gait or cognitive measures under single-task conditions. Compared to low risk participants, APOE ɛ4 carriers tended to exhibit greater dual-task interference. Both the memory and executive function tasks resulted in dual-task interference on gait, but effect sizes for a group difference were larger when the cognitive task was executive function. In the dual-task protocol that combined walking and the executive function task, effect sizes for group difference in gait interference were larger (0.62– 0.70) than for cognitive interference (0.45– 0.47).

Discussion:

Dual-task paradigms may reveal subtle changes in brain function in asymptomatic individuals at heightened risk of AD.
Differences Between Women and Men in Incidence Rates of Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Beam Christopher R. , Kaneshiro Cody , Jang Jung Yun , Reynolds Chandra A. , Pedersen Nancy L. , Gatz Margaret
Published: July 2018

In the following brief report, we examined gender differences in incidence rates of any dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) alone, and non-Alzheimer’s dementia alone in 16,926 women and men in the Swedish Twin Registry aged 65+. Dementia diagnoses were based on clinical workup and national health registry linkage. Incidence rates of any dementia and AD were greater in women than men, with any dementia rates diverging after age 85 and AD rates diverging around 80. This pattern is consistent with women’s survival to older ages compared to men. These findings are similar to incidence rates reported in other Swedish samples.