bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State Medical Emergency System in Poland
Authors: Zuratynski Przemyslaw , Slezak Daniel , Krzyzanowski Kamil , Szczepanski Rafal , Jaltuszewska Sylwia
Published: January 2021

The first ambulance service in Poland was established in 1891 in Cracow. Many tips and assistance concerning the creation of the ambulance were provided by the organisers of the first ambulance in Europe (the Vienna ambulance in 1883). Since January 2007, the Act of 8 September 2006 on the National Medical Rescue Service has been a binding legal act. The aim of the Act is to introduce the functioning of the emergency medical system, both through a high level of health services based on the standards of Western countries and providing the required solutions in the area of emergency notification. The State Medical Rescue System was established to provide assistance to any person in need who is in a state of health emergency. The owner of the PRM system unit must ensure the readiness of people, resources and organizational units. The units of the PRM system providing services only in case of an emergency are: medical rescue teams, including airborne medical rescue teams and hospital emergency departments.
Legal aspects of national healthcare service in Cuba
Authors: Cyrych Malgorzata
Published: January 2021

In the Republic of Cuba, the last remaining socialist state in the world, medical care was always considered a human right for all citizens. Cuba’s health policy underlines primary health care along prevention, and the participation of citizens and services in the community, and such policies lead tow working fairly well health system. The Cuban experience demonstrates properly working policymaking on the provision of medical care. Although there is large body of literature on health care in Cuba, still the topic of constitutional patient’s rights to medical care is not fully explored. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to show how Cuba’s medical care system has been developed by focusing on human well-being versus financial gains.
Role of physiotherapy in the treatment of shoulder pain in rheumatic diseases – the state of actual knowledge
Authors: Kuryliszyn-Moskal Anna , Zablocka Joanna , Niewinski Andrzej Julian , Hryniewicz Anna
Published: January 2021

The study presents the current problems concerning the principles of physiotherapeutic treatment of shoulder pain syndromes in the course of rheumatic diseases. The principles of the treatment in the most common rheumatic diseases such as RA, OA and SpA are discussed. Particular attention has been paid to the importance of kinesitherapeutic treatment, while indicating the role of treatment with physical methods in the field of thermotherapy, electrotherapy, laser therapy, the use of ultrasounds and magnetic field. Balneological treatment with myorelaxing, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects is of complementary importance. The summary emphasizes that the goal of rehabilitation in shoulder pain syndromes in the course of rheumatic diseases is not only to achieve analgesic effect and improve the functional status, but, above all, an individual and comprehensive therapy aimed at improving the efficiency of the patients, enabling return to daily activities. The implementation of an effective and complex therapeutic program requires the simultaneous undertaking of comprehensive activities: educational, developing an individual strategy of physiotherapeutic and psychotherapeutic treatment, the use of individually selected orthopedic supplies, as well as offering social assistance. In order to perform above procedures, a multidisciplinary team is necessary. Only the most immediate possible implementation of interdisciplinary and complex procedures makes enables patients to return to full family, social and professional activity.
Compensation Management and Employee�s Work Commitment in the Kwara State Internal Revenue Service, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Authors: Dunmade Emmanuel Olaniyi
Published: January 2021

The study examines the effect of compensation management on the employee�s work commitment in the Kwara State Internal Revenue Service (KW�IRS), Ilorin, Nigeria. Stratified random sampling technique was utilized for the study with the administration of structured questionnaire to the respondents so as to elicit the required information. The data generated was analyzed with regression analysis with aid of SPSS, (V. 22.0). Findings showed that compensation management is a positive and significant predictor of employee�s work commitment in the Kwara State Internal Revenue Service. The study concluded that organizations that effectively and efficiently manage its compensation policy, in respect to employee�s commitment, will outperforms those organizations that do not. Thus, the study recommends the organization should be more innovative and effective in the management of compensation policies, so as to focus more on the adequate welfare for the employees and as well treating them as the most precious assets of the establishment.The study examines the effect of compensation management on the employee�s work commitment in the Kwara State Internal Revenue Service (KW�IRS), Ilorin, Nigeria. Stratified random sampling technique was utilized for the study with the administration of structured questionnaire to the respondents so as to elicit the required information. The data generated was analyzed with regression analysis with aid of SPSS, (V. 22.0). Findings showed that compensation management is a positive and significant predictor of employee�s work commitment in the Kwara State Internal Revenue Service. The study concluded that organizations that effectively and efficiently manage its compensation policy, in respect to employee�s commitment, will outperforms those organizations that do not. Thus, the study recommends the organization should be more innovative and effective in the management of compensation policies, so as to focus more on the adequate welfare for the employees and as well treating them as the most precious assets of the establishment.
SISTEM PAKAR GANGGUAN DEPRESI PADA ANAK
Authors: Maharani Aldila , Nilma Nilma , Irawan Ari
Published: January 2021

Sistem pakar merupakan salah satu aplikasi dari kecerdasan buatan (Artificial Intelegence). Tujuan dari sistem pakar bukan untuk menggantikan posisi seorang pakar tetapi lebih menginformasikan dan memasyaraktkan pengetahuan dari seorang pakar. Gangguan psikologi pada anak banyak yang kurang disadari oleh orang tua dan pengajar yang menyebabkan terlambatnya penanganan pada anak. Tujuan dari penelitian dan dibuatnya aplikasi ini untuk membantu pengguna mendapatkan informasi mengenai gejala-gejala awal pada gangguan psikologis dan membantu mendiagnosa gangguan psikologi anak lebih awal. Aplikasi sistem pakar ini menggunakan Java sebagai Bahasa pemrograman dan menggunakan metode forward chaining. Sistem pakar ini mampu membantu dan mempermudah pengguna dalam memperoleh informasi gangguan psikologi pada anak khususnya mengenai depresi (depresi mayor, depresi persisten, gangguan bipolar dan depresi psikotis).
El epistemotexto literario
Authors:   Universidad del País Vasco (España), Camarero Jesús
Published: January 2021

From the point of view of Epistemocriticism, a literary text is considered to be at a crossroads where different types of knowledge combine in a transverse dynamics (transknowledge). Such definition refers to the concept of «epistemotext», and extends to the field of literary fictionality (epistemofiction), a knowledge-based system from an epistemological perspective.
Les mécanismes du Naturalisme à l’épreuve*: la télégonie dans Madeleine Férat
Authors:   Universidad de Oviedo (España), Rodríguez Álvarez María
Published: January 2021

One of the keys of Zola’s literary success relies on the integration of scientific developments from the 19th century into the narrative texts in such a natural way that only someone with a deep knowledge of both criticism and literature would be able to. This stylistic perfection is the result of a trial and error process that culminates in Les Rougon Macquart but in which Madeleine Férat and its approach to telegony play an outstanding but unknown role. This reproductive theory is at the same time an excuse to undergo a deep analysis of the bourgeoisie but also the beginning of the productive rela-tionship between science and literature, a major feature in Naturalism.
La estética cuántica:Juan Larrea, Niels Bohr y el tercero incluido
Authors:   Wake Forest University (Estados Unidos), Gala Candelas
Published: January 2021

This essay explores notable coincidences in Juan Larrea’s poetics with some cen-tral points in quantum physics, such as, the correlation between the search in his inner self and the investigations on the atom taking place during the first decades of the twentieth-century, between leaving aside the monolithic subjectivity in favor of a universal and collective Spirit and the «entangled» observer in the cosmic web, object of his/her obser-vation, in modern physics, and, particularly, the role of the French language in dealing with the conflict with Western dualisms and their possible resolution in Bohr’s principle of complementarity, a parallel of Basarab Nicolescu’s theory of the hidden third.
Performativité du droit. Efficacité de la littérature et de l image
Authors:   Université de Poitiers (Francia), Baron Christine
Published: January 2021

French literature seems to have abandoned the field of fiction to turn to investigation and testimony.Legal narratives are an important part of this, and the role of these narratives and movies in our perception of law might not be underestimated.There are several ways of conceiving the relationship between law and literature (or cinema).Literature and cinema embody the characters of a trial. To a certain extend, they also impose their interpretation of the facts.Finally, some trials havebecome symbols through literature and cinema;thus,the writer has sometimes the power to shape our conception of justice.
La méthode de Virgile: sciences naturelles et ordre du texte dans la poésie de Jacques Delille
Authors:   Université de Bâle (Suiza), Marchal Hugues
Published: January 2021

Can the confusion of Jacques Delille's scientific poems, much blamed by his con-temporaries as well as by subsequent criticism, find reasons in natural history? This is what one tries to propose, by showing that, if L'Homme des champs (1800) and Les Trois Règnes de la nature (1808) do adopt a capricious course, explicitly distinct from that of scientific treatises, this «méthode de Virgile» is in no way alien to the material or discur-sive arrangements implemented by naturalists, and, above all, it implies a thorough re-flection on the capacity of the text to mimic, with the greatest accuracy, the very forms of the world.
Le schématisme de l’invention et la pensée morphogénétique: Paul Valéry, Gilbert Simondon, D’Arcy Thompson
Authors:   Université de Franche-Comté (Francia), Dahan-Gaida Laurence
Published: January 2021

Gilbert Simondon has shown that schemata are not a pure product of the imagination, but that they stem from a dialogue with the «images-objects» origi-nated in the realm of technique or even in nature, which offers an endless source of dynamic schemata that allow visualizing morphogenetic processes very effi-ciently. This expansion of Kant's schematism has allowed the French philosopher to propose a new concept of invention that brings to light the schemata present in technical or natural objects and enables us to transfer them from one field of hu-man experience to another. This article proposes an application of his model to a parallel reading of two texts: Paul Valéry's L’homme et la coquille (1937) and the essay On Growth and Form (1917), penned by the English zoologist Sir D'Arcy Thompson. Making use of totally different methods -literature in the first case; geometry and physics in the second-, these two works try to clear the morphoge-netic schema of the shells. It will be shown that Valéry, transferring this schema from the realm of nature to poetry, turns the shells into the pillar of a kind of in-vention both poetic and intellectual.
André du Bouchet ou l’appartenance à l’air
Authors:   Universidad de Salamanca (España), Salgado Ivanich Candela
Published: January 2021

The aim of this paper is to initiate an approximation to the figure of the air in André du Bouchet’s Air. In this collection of poems, this element has a double meaning for the lyric I: one more basic, associated to its condition of agent, and other one which is built by this subjectivity in relation to the perceptual, motor and kinaesthetic impressions that he collects from it and that turned the air into a space. In this way, « air » is config-ured as a total synonym of « landscape », the theme par excellence in the French poet’s work. The subject does not look for being part of it but for appropriating it to himself by means of a series of cognitive operations linked to his movement and perception that constantly revitalize it.
La notion d’ altérité en linguistique française française
Authors:   Universidad de Oviedo (España), Álvarez-Prendes Emma , Vassiliadou Hélène ,   Université de Strasbourg (Francia), Vladimirska Elena ,   Latvijas Universitāte (Letonia)
Published: January 2021

The notion of otherness is conceived variously according to theoretical approach-es within Romance linguistics. Although operational among Spanish and Portuguese linguists, it is nevertheless in the writings of French linguists that this term ends up impos-ing itself in line with a long linguistic tradition whose exploration constitutes the goal of this research. In order to shed light on the notion of otherness, it is considered in connec-tion with other concepts widely discussed in current linguistics, such as shown heteroge-neity / constitutive heterogeneity, polyphony, dialogism, subjectivity, truth, etc., This con-nection brings out the different modes of presence of the Other and the various forms of apprehension of the otherness / identity relationship in French linguistic literature.
Pour une historisation des traductions*: L’herméneutique critique de Jean Bollack
Authors:   Sofiyski universitet (Bulgaria), Kristeva Irena
Published: January 2021

The article attempts to present the challenges of Jean Bollack’s critical hermeneutics. This method of translation recommends that, to be effective, the philological examination which aims to bridge the gap between the work and its translation, must be strengthened by a critical interpretation. Not separating the work of translation from the work of interpretation, the reading of the source text requires its historization. A radical historization aims to know its subsequent representations without ignoring the moment of its creation. In short, the historization of textual meaning becomes the condition of its interpretation. Placed in the double tradition of the author and the translator, critical hermeneutics confronts their horizons of expectation in the search for the meaning of the original. Historically determined, it offers a critical approach to the source text, which takes into consideration its reception at various times and the «conflict of interpretations» caused by its readings.
Una poética de las ruinas: el viaje en busca de la España medieval de Frédéric Ozanam
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (Argentina), Navarro María Belén
Published: January 2021

In Un pèlerinage au pays du Cid, Fréderic Ozanam depicts his journey of 1852 through Spanish lands. It records both his personal experience and the reconstruction of different discourses which intervened as well, such as historical, literary and legendary references, especially those linked to the Middle Age and perceived according to the ro-mantic conception of the time. The aim of this paper is not only to establish its categorisa-tion within the travel speeches by analyzing its textual configuration, but also to study its most striking aspects: the isotopies and intertexts. This approach will enable the recon-struction of the author's cultural imaginary, his horizon of expectations, the function of the isotopies and intertexts in the discursive framework as well as the overall purpose of the book.
Literary and Aesthetic Continuum as an Object of Categorization and its Representation in Language and Text
Authors: Litvinenko Tatiana E.
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the problem of structural organization of liberal arts fragments in the diachronic world view. It considers the application of a prototypical approach to the knowledge categorization about the types and directions of culture and to the differentiation of the tools of their verbal representation in the metalanguage. The classification of the concepts “Renaissance” and “Baroque” under the criteria of modern linguo-cognitive science is proposed. The article provides definitions of prototypical and peripheral units of the categories analyzed and substantiates the differences in their significates. Special attention is paid to non-central category members, as well as to parameters that confirm their categorical status and place them in the general subsystems’ hierarchy. The study substantiates the polysemy of the terms “Renaissance” and “Baroque”, which is caused by the heterogeneity of the classes they represent. Based on the material of specific category units, it demonstrates the possibility of changing their positions as class members and analyzes the causes and consequences of their re-categorization. The article considers the problem of variability and openness of the range of the categories under study, as well as the criteria of their autonomy and integrity. It is shown that the category stability depends on the prototype identification degree and its differences from the central units in other classes. The main conclusions were obtained by analyzing the meanings of the investigated terms and identifying patterns of their attribution to the texts of the corresponding cultural stages. The study novelty lies in the application of cognitive analysis methods to the concepts and term units of the Humanities metalanguage. The research relevance is accounted for by the need to further study the semantics and functioning of interdisciplinary special units in poetics, literary history, art history, cultural studies, and aesthetics. It helps to distinguish the meanings and contexts of using names that are synonymous and antonymous.
Features of Arabic Scripts in Aljamiado Manuscripts
Authors: Tikhonova Oxana V.
Published: January 2021

One of the most famous works of aljamiado literature (literature in Spanish in Arabic script) is the Poem of Yusuf (“Poema de Yúçuf” in Spanish). The poem was written by an anonymous Morisco poet at the end of the XIII – the beginning of the XIV centuries. The poem is based on the most common plot among the Moriscos – the twelfth sūrah of the Qur'an. The poem includes a scene of lament at the grave, which is not found either in the Qur'an or the Old Testament. Researchers of the middle nineteenth century considered the scene original. However, later it was defined that the scene had appeared due to the influence of the Jewish apocrypha. Modern researchers called into question the originality of the scene and the poem itself. Nevertheless, in the lament scene, we can trace not only the influence of the Qur'an or the Old Testament Apocrypha, but also the traditions of pre-Islamic Arabic poetry [A1], which were developed in Al-Andalus. The objective of this study is to show this influence. Undoubtedly, the author of The Poem of Yusuf created a touching image of the protagonist, which was appreciated by the Moriscos. The beginning of the poem was borrowed by the author from another aljamiado poem. Despite the persecution of the Spanish Inquisition, the poem has survived in several copies. Together, they represent a combination of traditions of Islamic, pre-Islamic and Christian versification. The article also contains the text of the lament at the grave in the original (Arabic) script and its scientific transcription by V. Menendez Pidal. It also includes a modern Spanish translation made by G. Ticknor. Thanks to his publication, the poem became known as a unique example of “amalgam elements of Eastern and Western civilizations, which were later reflected in Spanish poetry.”
Cumulation and Ambivalence in Mythologems (Based on the Example of the Representative horseshoe of the Concept SUPERSTITION in the Anglo-Saxon Culture)
Authors: Stepanenko Valentina A.
Published: January 2021

The paper is devoted to the study of the internal, “invisible” structure of the representative horseshoe of the concept SUPERSTITION in the Anglo-Saxon culture, reflecting the main categories of magical thinking. The novelty of this research is that it is performed within the framework of Theolinguistics, namely, in its section –
Theolinguoconceptology [Postovalova, 2016]. For the analysis of the language representatives of the concept under
study, the method of ontological concept analysis, developed by the author of the paper, is used [Stepanenko, 2006;
Stepanenko, 2015. P. 185–195; Stepanenko, 2019. P. 467–488]. The history of the horseshoe is rooted in antiquity, dating back to the pre-Christian civilization. As an ambivalent symbol it is interpreted in terms of the pagan and Christian conceptual systems. The astronomical attribute of the pagan goddesses – the crescent moon – was translated into the language of the Christian theology with a change in the semantics of its symbol, thanks to which the Gospel story of the transcendental world is rendered into the immanent language. Modern culture reduces the sacral in the horseshoe to the level of a profane, a kind of simulacrum for mass consumption. The word horseshoe itself has not changed its shape over the centuries. As for its content, it has gone a difficult semantic way, cumulating both profane and sacral meanings and eventually turning into a wordmythologem, the smallest unit of the myth about the Good and the Evil. This mythologem is actualized in various legends, fairy tales, parables, telling about the magic of the horseshoe, which can bring both good and bad luck, and which can protect against the evil spirits or become an instrument against a man. Our research has shown that the word-mythologem horseshoe keeps on a peculiar framework the pillars of which are five logical ontological categories, the objective universal forms of magical thinking and being. Besides, the analysis of the examples with the word
horseshoe allowed us to distinguish nine pairs of dichotomies, each consisting of two ambivalent concepts: assertion and its negation, thus creating antinomy, i.e. a logically unsolvable contradiction. This is but a favorable condition for the survival of the superstition associated with the horseshoe.
Access Rights as a Way to Communicate with a Child
Authors: Gromozdina Maria V.
Published: January 2021

The article deals with issues related to the exercise of parental access rights as a way of communicating with the child. A parent who claims to exercise the right of access is a separately residing parent and, as a rule, a foreign citizen. The implementation of the right of access is related to the application of the Hague Convention on Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, 1980. In this connection, the author investigates the problems of application of the right of access by the Russian courts in solving family disputes related to upbringing of children. The situation is analyzed as to the possibility of a broad interpretation of the concept of "access rights", taking into account established international practice. The problem of a misunderstanding of the essence of access rights and the related limited application of the Convention's provisions are identified. The author is of the view that the rights of access and the procedure for communication with the child (in case of separation of parents) are independent legal institutions and do not replace each other. Comparative legal analysis confirms the author's conclusions, which are justified by examples of court practice. The choice of the method of protection of parental rights is determined by the person applying for protection and cannot be changed by the court in violation of the plaintiff's rights. Thus, the conclusion is made that it is necessary to analyze the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights in order to properly apply the Convention.
The Concept and System of Labour Legal Conflictology
Authors: Voronkova Ekaterina R.
Published: January 2021

In the article, the area of interaction between the science of labour law and the economy, sociology, conflictology and psychology is proposed to be called “labour legal conflictology”. It is argued that labour legal conflictology should study the regulation of both the conflict management system in an organization and the conflict management system at the different levels of social partnership. The system of labour legal conflictology is constituted by “employment law conflictology” and “collective labour law conflictology”. It is concluded that the system of conflict management in an organization as an object of employment law conflictology is a unity: 1) the employer’s policy on conflict management; 2) the organizational structures of the employer's management with the fixed responsibilities of its representatives; 3) a system of local regulations and enforcement acts that mediate conflict management in an organization; 4) conflict management procedures. The conflict management system in social partnership consists of: 1) principles of social partnership; 2) organizational relationships of the parties to social partnership; 3) a system of regulations and enforcement acts that mediate conflict management in social partnership; 4) procedures for the settlement and resolution of disagreements arising in the process of establishing and changing working terms and conditions.
Horizontal Inter-Budget Transfers Provided as an Alternative to “Transit” Transfers (On the Example of Municipal Districts)
Authors: Sklyarov German N.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of using «transit» inter-budget transfers when providing subsidies to municipalities from the budget of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation. An analysis of regulatory legal acts establishing the procedure and conditions for the provision of subsidies from the budget of the Novosibirsk Region allows us to conclude that there is insufficient legal regulation of the conditions for using subsidy funds by recipients of the subsidy, which leads to a distortion of the nature of inter-budget transfers. As a way out of this situation, the author considers the possibility of using subsidies to the budgets of municipalities from local budgets, the provision of which is provided for in Article 142.3 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation.
Prerequisites and Conditions of Formation Professional Model Judicial Administration
Authors: Kapustin Oleg A.
Published: January 2021

The administration of a judicial institution on a professional basis is determined by the separation of the judicial management function, as a global trend and the development of a modern judicial organization. The author has made suggestions aimed at changing the mechanism of legal regulation in order to form a model of administration of a judicial institution that meets the challenges of public and state development. By introducing amendments to the federal constitutional laws “On Courts of General Jurisdiction in the Russian Federation” and “On Arbitration Courts of the Russian Federation”, legislative consolidation of the organizational segment of the courts as one of the fundamental principles of their internal structure is proposed. A similar proposal is aimed at creating a single regulatory framework for the formation of a professional model of administration of a judicial institution. The necessity of modernizing the legal status of a court administrator is substantiated, the specificity of which is determined by professional competencies in the effective management of judicial personnel and the implementation of information technologies in the judicial sphere.
Integration to General and Socio-Territorial Self-Government in the Baltic Provinces of the Russian Empire
Authors: Krasnyakov Nikolay I.
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the economic and political rights of the local nobility of the Baltic territories in Sweden, when the region gradually lost its independence and the differences between local and Central government were eliminated, which deprived it of the potential for developing its own statehood. It is emphasized that the accession of the Baltic States by Peter I secured their administrative management under the previous legislation for local authorities, while the “Accord points” should be attributed to the traditional agreement of subjects and the monarch for the era. It is revealed how Catherine II’s reform of the internal administration of the region created the beginning of the practice of final elimination of the medieval “liberties” of the Baltic States. At the same time, the administrative and judicial institutions of the center were recognized as public authorities, private law was preserved, and the “rights and liberties” that were preserved did not have the potential for Autonomous fuction. The author asserts the position that with the publication of the Code of 1845 before existing privileges continued to act, however, revealed their differences in action of separate norms were allowed on the basis of General law, since Arch was established that the exception is the effect of local law and the General rule of higher legal force of state law.
Relation on the Actual Upbringing of Child: Historical and Legal Excursion (Soviet Period)
Authors: Komissarova Elena G. , Gorina Nataliya V.
Published: January 2021

The current article deals with historical and legal study of those legislative ideas that became the basis for introducing relations on the actual upbringing of a minor through the sphere of family law regulation. Using historical methodology, legal monuments of Soviet period – RSFSR KZAGS of 1918, CoMF of RSFSR of 1926, and RSFSR CoMF of 1969 are analyzed. In the context of the political and socio-economic development of society in this historical period, the author examines the legislative motives that led to the introduction of the relationship between the actual teacher and the pupil in the sphere of alimony for persons belonging to other family members. Analyzing specific historical, social, scientific and legal reality which there was a actual phenomenon of education in, the authors know the logic of legal thinking of the legislator who asked for the relationship of child-rearing, do not have an explicit legal basis, legal name in the form refer to it through the design of the actual education and as to the education of his family.
Moral and Historical School of Criminalistics
Authors: Zhegalov Evgeny A.
Published: January 2021

The article considers ways to overcome corruption in the investigation and inquiry bodies by improving the course of criminology and establishing and implementing a moral and historical school. Named origins and pioneers of the ethical-historical school of criminology, given their views on the quality of justice investigator from the psychological side: integrity, strong moral convictions, skill in complex conflict situations, to remain master of their feelings and aspirations, to remain faithful to the moral principles of intolerance to evil, the pursuit of justice, ethical behavior in relations with the suspect, accused, witness, excluding physical or mental violence. It is argued that the communication of the investigator with the accused should not be based on deception and immorality; in such a profession necessary moral fortitude, and perseverance of the investigator in an atmosphere of total temptation and corruption, the ability to effectively resist illegal pressure, selfless dedication in any environment, selflessness, and humanism. The abovementioned application of the content of ethical-historical school of criminology, such as: the development and adoption of a code of ethics for CSI, the CSI oath, improvement or adoption of such codes for various categories of employees of law enforcement bodies and subjects of law enforcement; the implementation of the educational process on criminology interactive exploration of film documents on the history of the sections and fields of criminology, political processes, the Nuremberg trials, investigation and conviction of Nazi criminals and their accomplices, the investigation of disasters, terrorist attacks, the death of political and cultural figures, investigation of resonant crimes from different eras and in recent years, return to the detailed development and implementation in the training of lawyers clear criteria of admissibility of tactics; creation of self-regulating communities in state and law enforcement agencies that can be contacted in cases of corruption pressure. Scientific results demonstrate an extremely low knowledge of the recent history of criminology and the Nuremberg trials by law school graduates. The results are new and have not been published before.
Resolução de conflitos em serviços de saúde e práticas restaurativas: o desafio da gestão
Authors: Pereira Raquel Silva , Pereira Krisla Nathane Soares dos Santos , Guimarães Gabriel Lucas Pereira , De Paula Emilly Jhully Correia , Silva Leonardo Santos , Tavares Paula Paulina Costa
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Identificar as principais práticas do gestor na resolução de conflitos em serviço de saúde, bem como as principais dificuldades nesse processo. Métodos: Trata se de uma revisão de literatura de delineamento descritivo e abordagem qualitativa por meio de dados secundários por levantamento bibliográfico de publicações científicas entre 2010 e 2020 no Banco de dados BVS e SciELO. Resultados: A coparticipação da equipe e a capacidade de dialogar são ferramentas capazes de facilitar a resolução dos conflitos. A ausência de especialização e experiência tendem a diminuir a qualidade da gestão. É notório a existência de uma carência quanto a publicações que abordem a temática das práticas restaurativas. Considerações finais: Uma gestão eficiente possibilita que a rede de atenção básica se estruture e opere de forma resolutiva, elevando a qualidade do serviço e aliviando as demandas para os serviços especializados, diminuindo o congestionamento do sistema. Há uma defasagem nas instituições de graduação quanto ao preparo de seus discentes para atuarem como gestores.
COVID-19: entre el derecho a la salud y la protección de la privacidad
Authors:   Università degli Studi di Trieste, Italia, Venchiarutti Angelo
Published: January 2021

Mantener la privacidad del paciente se convierte en un dilema ético y legal para los médicos y los hospitales cuando ello puede causar daño a terceros. Este breve artículo trata de analizar las preguntas que surgen al respecto, con referencia a los pacientes con COVID-19. Para tal fin, teniendo en cuenta las directrices jurisprudenciales y doctrinales desarrolladas también en sistemas jurídicos distintos del italiano, se analizan las circunstancias que justifican la violación de la confidencialidad del paciente por parte de los médicos.
La familia ante la pandemia del COVID-19
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Lepin Molina Cristián
Published: January 2021

La coyuntura actual gira en torno a las consecuencias que ha traído el COVID-19 para la vida en sociedad. Esta ha demostrado ser no solo un aspecto a considerar en la salud o la economía, sino que también tiene implicaciones en la forma en la que nos interrelacionamos y convivimos como seres sociales. El objeto del presente artículo es repasar los efectos que ha generado el COVID-19 y las medidas que se han adoptado para combatirla en el ámbito del derecho civil y, de forma más específica, otorgarle un enfoque al área de familia respecto a los efectos de la pandemia. A lo largo del trabajo analizaremos temas relacionados a las principales trabas para el acceso a la justicia, así como también los cambios en las relaciones personales entre los integrantes de la familia y las implicancias que conlleva la pandemia en materia de pensiones de alimentos.
El deber de renegociar el contrato de buena fe en épocas del COVID-19
Authors:   Universidad Católica del Uruguay, Ordoqui Castilla Gustavo
Published: January 2021

A raíz de la crisis mundial generada por la COVID-19, los contratos celebrados se ven perjudicados debido a que las circunstancias actuales han dado lugar a daños, tanto económicos como sociales, que dificultan el cumplimiento de lo pactado. El presente artículo busca enfatizar la importancia de la buena fe bajo una óptica tridimensional, para poder renegociar y conservar el contrato y sus obligaciones, tomando en cuenta la realidad social, las normas y los valores.
Incidencias contractuales del coronavirus y cláusula rebus sic stantibus
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, España, Lasarte Carlos
Published: January 2021

La pandemia del coronavirus ha generado múltiples consecuencias en el mundo del derecho, con especial atención en el ámbito contractual. El contexto constituye situaciones imprevisibles para los contratantes, por lo que se deben encontrar soluciones que permitan reestablecer las relaciones contractuales o darles la mejor salida posible. En ello radica la gran relevancia de la cláusula rebus sic stantibus. Así, en el presente artículo, se tratarán distintos aspectos a considerar para su aplicación en el contexto de la pandemia del coronavirus.
Coronavirus cases
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de São Paulo, Brasil, Rosenvald Nelson
Published: January 2021

El autor propone que, en las condiciones de la pandemia del COVID-19, es necesario replantear los supuestos de responsabilidad de los profesionales médicos debido a las circunstancias extraordinarias y los riesgos que asumen durante dicha pandemia. Esto implica limitar su responsabilidad en los casos de pacientes con esta enfermedad y permitirles realizar ciertas prácticas o tratamientos fuera de los protocolos convencionales. Además, propone que es necesario replantear el concepto de culpa para los profesionales médicos. Sin embargo, la propuesta no avala la eliminación de responsabilidad en todos los ámbitos (por ejemplo, en el caso de las prácticas discriminatorias o extremadamente negligentes).
¿Por qué tenemos la balanza inclinada? La naturaleza de las decisiones del Estado en la etapa de ejecución de los contratos públicos
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú, Alejos Guzmán Óscar
Published: January 2021

Los llamados contratos públicos son diferentes a los contratos privados no solo porque interviene el Estado, sino porque se someten a un régimen jurídico distinto que le otorga ciertas prerrogativas a este último. Siendo así, interesa saber si el ejercicio de dichas prerrogativas en la ejecución del contrato implica que estemos en presencia de actos administrativos o de actos contractuales. La importancia no es terminológica, sino funcional, pues dependiendo de ello serán aplicables supletoriamente las normas de derecho público o de derecho privado.
Extraction of polyphenols using afroyal gala and granny smith for antimicrobial activity
Authors: Narayana Rao K  , Pruthviraj P V  , Senthamarai S  , Subha V J
Published: January 2021

Apples contain many useful human health-related contents. Polyphenols exhibit antimicrobial effects against human pathogens. In this study, the polyphenolic contents are removed by the skin of Royal Gala and Granny Smith, which are the two varieties of apples. The phenolic compounds were removed from fresh fruit peels of Royal Gala and Granny Smith with the solvents: A-(water), B- (ethanol: water). The antimicrobial happenings of the excerpts are verified in contradiction of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria by jelly healthy dispersion technique. The extracts from both apples by solvent A presented advanced anti micro bisection as associated with excerpts by solvent B. Among the 2 varieties of apples, the Granny Smith extracts presented a superior antimicrobial result as compared to Royal Gala extracts against the selected microorganisms E-coli and S -aureus. The zone of inhibition by the apple peel extracts is more in case of S -aureus compared with E-coli; this reveals that the organism S-aureus is more sensitive to polyphenolic compounds than Escherichia coli. With this study, it was concluded that the water extract of Granny Smith peels showed superior antimicrobial movement because of advanced amounts of polyphenolic mixtures as associated to Royal Gala and the best solvent to extract polyphenolic compounds from apple peels is water.
Measuring the Bio-Electrical Parameters of a Person Using Bio-Telemetry System for Health Care Monitoring
Authors: Rajesh V  , Syed Inthiaz  , Kaligithi Akhil  , Panchkarla Venkata Satyanarayana  , Karanam Eshwar
Published: January 2021

Biotelemetry is a method of measuring a persons’s Bio-electrical parameters and a Physio-logical parameters from a distance. It’s like a updation of existing methods of measuring physiological parameters and bioelectrical parameters to a method of transmission of resulting data. This will help the consulting doctor for making a better diagnosis without movement or ensuring mobility of both the doctor and patient. Here the parameters of the wireless remote medical system for health monitoring include body temperature, blood oxygen saturation, pulse, electrocardiogram and Electrooculography. In order to measure, monitor and updating the data we require five sensors for each respective parameter so the respective five sensors are AD8232 sensor for measuring Electrocardiogram, pulse sensor for measuring pulse, EOG sensor for measuring Electrooculography,  Max30100 sensor for measuring oxygen levels in blood and finally LM35 sensor used for measuring the hotness or coldness of a body. These are connected as one system using Arduino. Transferring of data to the cloud or update the data in cloud, whatever the data came from the sensors will be sent to a WiFi module called Node MCU ESP8266, through which the data will be uploaded on cloud platforms like Ubidots and Things speak. Finally from this Paper it gives the concept of Bio-Telemetry System, in other words a Medical Telemetry System. This system allows continuous monitoring of a patient’s health condition, as well as updating that respective data into their medical history like cloud platform, thus improving the efficiency of nursing care through more effective time management.
Antiviral herbal drugs and its pharmacological action - A review
Authors: Pinky Ruskin  , Lakshmi T  , Preetha S
Published: January 2021

Viral contamination assume a significant job in human maladies and ongoing episodes in appearance of globalization and simplicity of movement have underscored their avoidance as a basic tissue in defending open health. The antiviral screening of plant concentrates ought to be profoundly particular, explicit, and delicate for bioactivity guided confinement of the dynamic mixes from the plant. Absence of viable treatments or potential immunizations for a few viral contamination and the quick rise of new medication safe infections has encouraged a developing requirement for growing new and successful chemotherapeutic operators to treat viral illnesses. Despite the advancement made in inoculation and medication improvement in vaccination and medication development, many infections need preventive immunizations and proficient antiviral therapies. Thus recognizing novel antiviral medications is of basic significance and normal items are a great hotspot for such discoveries. In this little audit, we summarize the antiviral impacts detailed for a few regular items and natural meds and their pharmacological properties.
Reactive lesions of the oral cavity - A retrospective study
Authors: Sivaharini S  , Herald J. Sherlin  , Vivek Narayan
Published: January 2021

Reactive lesions are tumor-like growth and are non-neoplastic in nature. The external and internal stimuli give rise to reactive lesions. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and of the oral reactive lesions in an institutional setup.  This is a single center cross-sectional retrospective study where records of patients with reactive lesions were collected from 86000 patients visiting Saveetha Dental College during the time period of June 2019 to March 2020. Descriptive statistical methods were used and recorded on data forms. The data were analyzed using SPSS, chi-square tests. 225 patients were identified with reactive lesions. 81(36.2%) patients had tobacco pouch Keratosis, followed by 59 (26.3%) patients with Keratosis. 144 (64%) patients were not wearing or using any prosthesis. However, 44 (19.6%) patients were using temporary partial dentures and 22 (9.8%) patients were using complete dentures. Of all the cases examined,168 (74.7%) were male 57(25.3%) were female. The most commonly affected anatomical site was the gingiva with 64 (28.4%) patients. A total of 155(68.9%) patients had poor oral hygiene  Tobacco pouch keratosis is the most commonly affected lesion. Attention to policies about controlling and preventing tobacco and the risk of malignant transformation must be stressed. Early detection and treatment of reactive lesions by dentists can reduce dentoalveolar complications.
Morphology, distribution, number, biology and ecology of vulnerable species of chiropterans, (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), inhabiting the Tver region (European Russia)
Authors: Емельянова Алла Александровна , Христенко Екатерина Андреевна , Волкова Алёна Сергеевна , Кулагин Андрей Михайлович
Published: January 2021

На основании анализа материалов исследований 2010-2020гг. приводятся общие сведения по морфологии, распространению, численности, биологии и экологии двух уязвимых видов ночниц, обитающих на территории Тверской области: прудовой ночницы (Myotis dasycneme Boie, 1825), ночницы Наттерера (Myotis nattereri Kuhl, 1817). Предлагается внесение указанных видов в список региональной Красной книги со статусами «редкий вид».

Here we provide some general information on the distribution, abundance, biology, and ecology of two vulnerable species of the genus Myotis (Kaup, 1829), the pond bat (M. dasycneme Boie, 1825), and the Natterer’s bat (M. nattereri Kuhl, 1817). Information is based on the analysis of research materials collected over ten years (2010-2020) in the Tver Region. We propose to include these species to the regional Red Data Book under the status of "Rare species".
Three plants of the military history - polemochore plants of the Kaluga region
Authors: Решетникова Наталья Михайловна , Щербаков Андрей Викторович , Королькова Екатерина Олеговна
Published: January 2021

В статье обсуждается произрастание центрально-европейских видов растений на месте расположения немецких войск на территории Калужской области (растения-полемохоры). Наибольшее число растений-полемохоров в регионе отмечено на трех участках - всего зарегистрировано 32 вида, по 18 видов на каждом. Описаны особенности военной истории и современное состояние для каждого из участков. Для каждого полемохорного вида приведено обилие и приуроченность к немецким укреплениям на изученной территории, распространение в области и в Средней России Совпадение состава видов в разных точках дислокации немецких войск, и отсутствии их на остальной территории области подтверждает их общее происхождение.

Here we discuss the occurrence of Central European plants at the Second World War German troops' locations in the Kaluga Region (polemochore plants). The largest number of polemochore plants in the Region was recorded at three sites. There we found 32 species with 18 species on each. For each polemochore species, we give the abundance and proximity to German fortifications, as well as the distribution in the Kaluga Region and in Central Russia. The coincidence of the species composition in different locations of German troops and their absence in the rest of the Region confirms their polemochoral origin