bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the Role of Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme UBE2T in Tumorigenesis: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Gao Chang , Liu Yan-Jun , Yu Jing , Wang Ran , Shi Jin-Jin , Chen Ru-Yi , Yang Guan-Jun , Chen Jiong
Published: December 2024

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 T (UBE2T) is a crucial E2 enzyme in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), playing a significant role in the ubiquitination of proteins and influencing a wide range of cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion, and metabolism. Its overexpression has been implicated in various malignancies, such as lung adenocarcinoma, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, and ovarian cancer, where it correlates strongly with disease progression. UBE2T facilitates tumorigenesis and malignant behaviors by mediating essential functions such as DNA repair, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways. High levels of UBE2T expression are associated with poor survival outcomes, highlighting its potential as a molecular biomarker for cancer prognosis. Increasing evidence suggests that UBE2T acts as an oncogene and could serve as a promising therapeutic target in cancer treatment. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of UBE2T’s structure, functions, and molecular mechanisms involved in cancer progression as well as recent developments in UBE2T-targeted inhibitors. Such insights may pave the way for novel strategies in cancer diagnosis and treatment, enhancing our understanding of UBE2T’s role in cancer biology and supporting the development of innovative therapeutic approaches.
From Mechanisms to Medicine: Neurovascular Coupling in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disorders: A Narrative Review
Authors: Yang Lu , Zhao Wenbo , Kan Yuan , Ren Changhong , Ji Xunming
Published: December 2024

Neurovascular coupling (NVC) refers to the process of local changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) after neuronal activity, which ensures the timely and adequate supply of oxygen, glucose, and substrates to the active regions of the brain. Recent clinical imaging and experimental technology advancements have deepened our understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying NVC. Pathological conditions such as stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral small vascular disease, and vascular cognitive impairment can disrupt NVC even before clinical symptoms appear. However, the complexity of the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This review discusses basic and clinical experimental evidence on how neural activity sensitively communicates with the vasculature to cause spatial changes in blood flow in cerebrovascular diseases. A deeper understanding of how neurovascular unit-related cells participate in NVC regulation is necessary to better understand blood flow and nerve activity recovery in cerebrovascular diseases.
Unravelling Secondary Brain Injury: Insights from a Human-Sized Porcine Model of Acute Subdural Haematoma
Authors: Kapapa Thomas , Wernheimer Vanida , Hoffmann Andrea , Merz Tamara , Zink Fabia , Wolfschmitt Eva-Maria , McCook Oscar , Vogt Josef , Wepler Martin , Messerer David Alexander Christian , Hartmann Claire , Scheuerle Angelika , Mathieu René , Mayer Simon , Gröger Michael , Denoix Nicole , Clazia Enrico , Radermacher Peter , Röhrer Stefan , Datzmann Thomas
Published: December 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the leading causes of death. Because of the individual nature of the trauma (brain, circumstances and forces), humans experience individual TBIs. This makes it difficult to generalise therapies. Clinical management issues such as whether intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) or decompressive craniectomy improve patient outcome remain partly unanswered. Experimental drug approaches for the treatment of secondary brain injury (SBI) have not found clinical application. The complex, cellular and molecular pathways of SBI remain incompletely understood, and there are insufficient experimental (animal) models that reflect the pathophysiology of human TBI to develop translational therapeutic approaches. Therefore, we investigated different injury patterns after acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) as TBI in a post-hoc approach to assess the impact on SBI in a long-term, human-sized porcine TBI animal model. Post-mortem brain tissue analysis, after ASDH, bilateral ICP, CPP, cerebral oxygenation and temperature monitoring, and biomarker analysis were performed. Extracerebral, intraparenchymal–extraventricular and intraventricular blood, combined with brainstem and basal ganglia injury, influenced the experiment and its outcome. Basal ganglia injury affects the duration of the experiment. Recognition of these different injury patterns is important for translational interpretation of results in this animal model of SBI after TBI.
New Trend: Application of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy with Machine Learning
Authors: Wang Zhe
Published: December 2024

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has long been regarded as the “future superstar” of chemical analysis [...]
Adolescents with Persistent Symptoms Following Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection (Long-COVID): Symptom Profile, Clustering and Follow-Up Symptom Evaluation
Authors: Floridia Marco , Buonsenso Danilo , Macculi Laura , Weimer Liliana Elena , Giuliano Marina , Pricci Flavia , Bianchi Leila , Toraldo Domenico Maurizio , Onder Graziano ,   The ISS Long-COVID Study Group
Published: December 2024

Background: Few studies have evaluated long-COVID in adolescents. Methods: Cohort study. Demographics, clinical data, and the presence of 30 symptoms were collected with a modified WHO form. Mean values were compared by Student’s t test and proportions by the chi-square test or Fisher test, with trends over time analysed using the chi-square test for trend. Potential risk factors independently associated with persisting symptoms were evaluated in a multivariable logistic regression model. Clustering of cases was analysed by two-step automatic clustering. Results: A total of 97 adolescents aged 12–17 (54.6% females, 45.4% males) were evaluated. After a mean interval of 96 days (SD 52) from acute infection, the mean number of symptoms (2.8 overall) was higher for pre-Omicron (3.2 vs. 2.5 in Omicron, p = 0.046) and moderate/severe acute infections (4.2 vs. 2.7 in mild, p = 0.023). Fatigue (62.9%) and dyspnea (43.3%) were the most common symptoms, followed by headache (28.9%), thoracic pain (22.7%), diarrhea (20.6%), palpitations/tachycardia (17.5%), articular pain (15.5%), difficult concentration (14.4%), muscle pain (12.4%), taste reduction (8.2%), smell reduction (8.2%), fever (6.2%), and skin disorders (5.2%). The symptom profile was similar in males and females but showed significant differences from that observed in concurrently followed adults. After a mean interval of 340 days from infection, 45.3% still presented symptoms, with persistence associated with higher number of initial symptoms. Two clusters were defined that differed in the phase of acute infection and the number and profile of symptoms. Conclusions: Long-COVID manifestations in adolescents may differ from those observed in adults. Polisymptomaticity may predict long-term persistence.
Innovative Damage Assessment of Endodontic Instruments Based on Digital Image Stacking
Authors: Argüello-Sánchez Raúl , Calderón-Alday Ivette Alejandra , Hernández-Morales Antonio , Rodríguez-Méndez Benjamín Gonzalo , Medina-Castro Diego , López-Callejas Régulo , Medina-Solís Carlo Eduardo
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The damage assessment of dental instruments, such as endodontic files, is crucial to ensure patient safety and treatment quality. Conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been the gold standard for this purpose; however, its limited accessibility and complex sample preparation protocols hinder its routine use in clinical settings. This study proposes a novel system that leverages digital photography and advanced image processing techniques as a viable alternative to SEM. Methods: Our system accurately detects early instrument damage by capitalizing on the high resolution of digital images. Its exceptionally user-friendly interface, portability, and key features make it highly suitable for daily clinical practice. Results: Our findings suggest that the proposed system provides image quality comparable to SEM. Conclusions: Image stacking provides a practical, efficient, and objective method for assessing endodontic instruments’ morphology. By detecting early damage, this system significantly improves the safety and quality of endodontic procedures, especially for reusable NiTi files, instilling confidence and security in its use. It offers a cost-effective and user-friendly alternative to traditional methods such as visual inspection and SEM, making it a comfortable and confident choice for both research and clinical settings.
An Automated Marker-Less Registration Approach Using Neural Radiance Fields for Potential Use in Mixed Reality-Based Computer-Aided Surgical Navigation of Paranasal Sinus
Authors: Kim Suhyeon , Kim Hyeonji , Jung Younhyun
Published: December 2024

Paranasal sinus surgery, a common treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis, requires exceptional precision due to the proximity of critical anatomical structures. To ensure accurate instrument control and clear visualization of the surgical site, surgeons utilize computer-aided surgical navigation (CSN). A key component of CSN is the registration process, which is traditionally reliant on manual or marker-based techniques. However, there is a growing shift toward marker-less registration methods. In previous work, we investigated a mesh-based registration approach using a Mixed Reality Head-Mounted Display (MR-HMD), specifically the Microsoft HoloLens 2. However, this method faced limitations, including depth holes and invalid values. These issues stemmed from the device’s low-resolution camera specifications and the 3D projection steps required to upscale RGB camera spaces. In this study, we propose a novel automated marker-less registration method leveraging Neural Radiance Field (NeRF) technology with an MR-HMD. To address insufficient depth information in the previous approach, we utilize rendered-depth images generated by the trained NeRF model. We evaluated our method against two other techniques, including prior mesh-based registration, using a facial phantom and three participants. The results demonstrate our proposed method achieves at least a 0.873 mm (12%) improvement in registration accuracy compared to others.
Noise-Based Active Defense Strategy for Mitigating Eavesdropping Threats in Internet of Things Environments
Authors: Farraj Abdallah , Hammad Eman
Published: December 2024

Establishing robust cybersecurity for Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems poses significant challenges for system operators due to IoT resource constraints, trade-offs between security and performance, diversity of applications, and their security requirements, usability, and scalability. This article introduces a physical-layer security (PLS) approach that enables IoT devices to maintain specified levels of information confidentiality against wireless channel eavesdropping threats. This work proposes applying PLS active defense mechanisms utilizing spectrum-sharing schemes combined with fair scheduling and power management algorithms to mitigate the risk of eavesdropping attacks on resource-constrained IoT environments. Specifically, an IoT device communicating over an insecure wireless channel will utilize intentional noise signals transmitted alongside the actual IoT information signal. The intentional noise signal will appear to an eavesdropper (EVE) as additional noise, reducing the EVE’s signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and increasing the EVE’s outage probability, thereby restricting their capacity to decode the transmitted IoT information, resulting in better protection for the confidentiality of the IoT device’s transmission. The proposed communication strategy serves as a complementary solution to existing security methods. Analytical and numerical analyses presented in this article validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, demonstrating that IoT devices can achieve the desired levels of confidentiality.
Energy Transfer of Electronic Excitations by Activators in Phosphates and Sulfates via the Creation of Combined Electron Emission States
Authors: Nurpeissov Aibek S. , Alibay Temirulan T. , Nurakhmetov Turlybek , Kareiva Aivaras , Zarkov Aleksej , Pazylbek Sapargali
Published: December 2024

In this work, the mechanisms for creating a combined electronic–radiative local state beneath the conduction band, consisting of intrinsic and activator electron–hole states, are experimentally substantiated. In the first part of this work, the mechanisms of the formation of intrinsic and activator electron–hole trapping centers are experimentally demonstrated in all four matrices with activators. Intrinsic electronic states are localized on activators and anions of the matrix, forming intrinsic and activator electronic states. The hole component of the electron–hole pairs is localized near the activators. Thus, the energy of intrinsic electronic excitations localized in the matrix in the form of combined electronic–radiative states is observed at 3.06–3.1 eV and 2.92–2.95 eV. Radiative states are excited by photon energies of ~4.5 eV and ~4.0 eV, resulting in recombination emissions at 3.06–3.1 eV and 2.92–2.95 eV, as well as activator emissions at 2.06 eV for Mn2+, 2.5 eV for Tb3+, and 2.56 eV and 2.16 eV for Dy3+. Energy transfer from the matrix to emitters or activators occurs during the decay of the combined radiative state. Upon heating, electrons localized on anions and activators delocalize at temperatures of 200–350 K. The energy released during the recombination of an electron with a hole near the activators is transferred to the activators. This process facilitates energy transfer to activators in dosimeters and detectors.
Microstructural, Mechanical, and Tribological Properties of Selective Laser Melted Inconel 718 Alloy: The Influences of Heat Treatment
Authors: Başcı Ümit Gencay , Avcu Egemen , Kıraç Mertcan , Sever Ahmet , Gökalp İdris , Yavuz Hasan İsmail , Oktay Serkan , Abakay Eray , Yıldıran Avcu Yasemin , Yamanoğlu Rıdvan
Published: December 2024

The present study investigates the microstructural, mechanical, and tribological properties of Inconel 718 alloy produced by selective laser melting (SLM) in relation to heat treatment. The SLM-processed samples received a two-step heat treatment: solutionizing at 1065 °C for 1 h, followed by double aging at 720 °C for 8 h and 620 °C for 6 h. The as-built sample exhibited a grain structure mostly characterized by fine Laves phases, while the hardening phases γ′ ((Ni3 (Al, Ti)) and γ″ (Ni3Nb) precipitated during the heat treatment. Following heat treatment, a transformation in crystallographic texture and dislocation density occurred, yielding a random texture and reduced dislocation density, particularly in the XZ direction, attributed to the formation of new grains via recrystallization in the microstructure. The grain size in the XY plane decreased following heat treatment, whereas the texture in the <001> direction remained unaffected. The heat-treated samples had significantly higher tensile strength (1330 MPa vs. 960 MPa) and hardness (530 HV vs. 340 HV) relative to the as-built samples. The wear resistance of heat-treated samples surpassed that of the as-built sample due to enhanced mechanical properties resulting from the fine and dispersed γ′ and γ″ precipitates in the microstructure with heat treatment.
Structural Characterization of B-DNA d(CGTGAATTCACG)2 in Complex with the Specific Minor Groove Binding Fluorescent Marker Hoechst 33342
Authors: Sbirkova-Dimitrova Hristina , Rusew Rusi , Gerginov Hristo , Heroux Annie , Shivachev Boris L.
Published: December 2024

Recently, there have been numerous reports on the use of different fluorescent DNA stains for specific minor groove binding. The exploration of biological markers increases the safety of their use as diagnostic criteria. Single crystal analysis of DNA–ligand binding interactions is of essential importance to obtain the requirements for their usage in the pharmaceutical and medical industries. Dyes that bind to DNA, such as Hoechst 33342 or 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), can be used not only for analytical use, but for medical purposes. DAPI and Hoechst 33342 are fluorescent dyes that bind to the minor groove of DNA, fluorescing brightly in the blue region with an emission maximum at approximately 461 nm when excited by ultraviolet light (~350 nm). This work focuses on the binding interactions of Hoechst 33342 with the specific DNA sequence d(CGTGAATTCACG)2. The structure of the complex was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction at a resolution of 1.9 Å in the space group P212121. The coordinates and structure factors are deposited in the RCSB Protein Data Bank (PDB) under entry 9FT8. The structure is nearly isomorphous with that of previously reported crystal structures of the oligonucleotide d(CGTGAATTCACG)2 alone (PDB ID: 5JU4) and with that in complexes with DAPI (5T4W). The adjustments in crystal interactions between the native DNA molecule and the DNA–DAPI complex are described. Hoechst 33342 selectively binded to the tight minor groove close to the midpoint of the B-DNA segment, adjacent to the A–T base pairs. It interacted with DNA through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. The structural comparison revealed that Hoechst 33342 inserts itself in the minor groove in a strongly specific manner, displacing the ordered spine waters.
The Effect of Goat Grazing on the Biodiversity of Pannonian Dry Grassland
Authors: Penksza Karoly , Pajor Ferenc , Kevi Andrea , Wagenhoffer Zsombor , Sipos Laszló , Salata-Falusi Eszter , Penksza Peter , Poti Peter , Berke Jozsef , Salata Denes , Bajnok Marta , Szentes Szilard
Published: December 2024

In this study, we analyzed the phytosociological data from four sample sites located in the Pannonian region. The study areas, ranging from 2.4 to 2.5 hectares, have been subjected to goat grazing and mowing for 24 years. N1: Nagyréde, an overgrazed pasture with 24 goats; N2: Nagyréde, a mown field; C1: Csokvaomány, a lightly grazed pasture with 12 goats; and meadow C2: Csokvaomány, a site that is both mown and grazed. Six phytosociological surveys were conducted randomly in each area. We also considered the conservation value, biomass production, and forage values. Phytosociological data were processed using hierarchical cluster analysis and the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test. The overgrazed pasture (N1) exhibited the most degraded vegetation community, dominated by weeds and disturbance-tolerant species. The overgrazed (N1) pasture had a low forage value because of the different timing of treatments. Even in the lightly grazed pasture (C1), the proportion of species indicative of degradation was significant. The species composition of the areas indicated that the mown and subsequently grazed area (C2) had outstanding values. The species richness of C2 was twice that of the mown field (N2). Based on the present study, a combination of light grazing pressure and mowing is the most suitable approach for managing and economically utilizing these grasslands.
Discovery of a New Cyanobacterial Genus (Paludothrix gen. nov.) from the Sanyang Wetland in Eastern China, Reflecting the Latest Taxonomic Status in Coleofasciculaceae
Authors: Wu Yangyang , Cheng Yao , Zhang He , Geng Ruozhen , Xiao Peng , Cui Baiyu , Li Renhui
Published: December 2024

As our comprehension of cyanobacterial classification in diverse ecosystems broadens, it becomes essential to explore the biodiversity of lesser-known areas for a thorough understanding of both global and local diversity. This research, which is part of a larger investigation into soil biocrust algae diversity in the Sanyang Wetland located in Zhejiang Province, China, introduces a novel taxon of non-heterocystous filamentous cyanobacteria employing a polyphasic approach for cyanobacterial classification, integrating morphological, molecular, ecological, and biogeographical considerations. The findings from morphological analysis, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the identification of the 16S-23S ITS rRNA region have led to the discovery of a new genus, Paludothrix, which is categorized within the family Coleofasciculaceae. The proposed generic name and specific epithet of these new taxa adhere completely to the guidelines established by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. The modern taxonomic system of cyanobacteria is constantly being updated and improved. The description of new taxa using the polyphasic approach can enrich the relevant knowledge in the field of cyanobacteria classification. The results of this study will increase our understanding of terrestrial cyanobacteria within wetland environments.
First Investigation of the Marine Gastrotrich Fauna from the Waters of North Tunisia, with the Description of a New Species of Halichaetonotus (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotida)
Authors: Souid Aicha , Gammoudi Mehrez , Saponi Francesco , El Cafsi M’hamed , Todaro M. Antonio
Published: December 2024

Gastrotrichs (hairy bellies) are microscopic, acoelomate worms that live in freshwater and marine environments and represent one of the significant components of the meiobenthic communities. There are over 520 marine species, and several of them are also found in the Mediterranean Sea. However, data on the gastrotrich fauna from Tunisia is negligible, with nearly zero annotated records. We have initiated a series of investigations along the Tunisian shores to address this gap. Herein, we report data from four collecting sites on the northern Tunisian coastline. Sandy samples from 2 m water depth yielded 21 species, 11 in the order Macrodasyida and 10 in Chaetonotida. One chaetonotidan new to science is formally described, while morphometric data and photomicrographs are provided for all the others. Incidentally, we report on the longest gastrotrich ever found. Information about the microhabitat’s characteristics, including the water’s salinity and temperature and granulometric parameters of the sediment, are also reported. Finally, we provide information on Tunisian species previously discovered by our team and involved in phylogenetic studies for which morphological data and details about their findings have never been published. We explicitly address and correct the errors in GenBank concerning the attribution of gene sequences for these species.
Rehydrated Corn Grain Silage and Exogenous Protease: Effects on Dairy Cow Performance, Metabolism, and Starch Digestibility
Authors: Gandra Jefferson R. , Mattos Rafael M. , Soares Thais M. D. M. , Pedrini Cibeli A. , Martinez Antônio C. , Oliveira Euclides R. , Gandra Erika R. S. , Vasconcelos Wallison R. F. , Andrade André C.
Published: December 2024

Twenty-four Girolando cows (107 ± 56 days in milk, milk yield 22.0 ± 10.25 kg/d, and 529 ± 103 kg body weight) were used in a completely randomized design. The cows were divided according to the following experimental diets: 1—CON (basal diet with ground dry corn) 2—RCS (diet with total replacement of ground corn by rehydrated corn grain silage) 3—RCSP (diet with total replacement of ground corn by rehydrated corn grain silage + 500 g ton−1 of CINBENZA DP100®, NOVUS International, Inc (Chesterfield, Missouri, U.S.A.). enzymatic extract of Bacillus licheniformis, protease activity 600 IU g−1). Cows fed RCS + RCSP showed higher DMI, milk yield, and better efficiency (MY/DMI) compared to animals fed CON diet. Cows fed the CON diet had higher fecal concentration, and lower total starch digestibility and milk protein content compared to animals supplemented with RCS + RCSP. Cows fed RCSP showed a 2.96% superiority in total starch digestibility compared to animals fed RCS. Animals supplemented with RCSP presented higher milk yield (17.45%) and milk fat content (13.76%) than cows fed RCS. The inclusion of protease in rehydrated corn silage improved dairy cow performance, enhancing dry matter intake, milk yield, and productive efficiency. It also increased starch digestibility and milk protein and fat content, optimizing nutrient utilization.
From Cellular to Metabolic: Advances in Imaging of Inherited Retinal Diseases
Authors: Parameswarappa Deepika C. , Kulkarni Ashwini , Sahoo Niroj Kumar , Padhy Srikanta Kumar , Singh Sumit Randhir , Héon Elise , Chhablani Jay
Published: December 2024

Background: Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a genetically complex group of disorders, usually resulting in progressive vision loss due to retinal degeneration. Traditional imaging methods help in structural assessments, but limitations exist in early functional cellular-level detection that are crucial for guiding new therapies. Methods: This review includes a systematic search of PubMed and Google Scholar for studies on advanced imaging techniques for IRDs. Results: Key modalities covered are adaptive optics, fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy, polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography, optoretinography, mitochondrial imaging, flavoprotein fluorescence imaging, and retinal oximetry. Each imaging method covers its principles, acquisition techniques, data from healthy eyes, applications in IRDs with specific examples, and current challenges and future directions. Conclusions: Emerging technologies, including adaptive optics and metabolic imaging, offer promising potential for cellular-level imaging and functional correlation in IRDs, allowing for earlier intervention and improved therapeutic targeting. Their integration into clinical practice may significantly improve IRD management and patient outcomes.
Comparison of Non-Contrast CT vs. Contrast-Enhanced CT with Both Intravenous and Rectal Contrast Application for Diagnosis of Acute Colonic Diverticulitis: A Multireader, Retrospective Single-Center Study
Authors: Móré Dorottya , Erdmann Stella , Bischoff Arved , Wagner Verena , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Liesenfeld Lukas F. , Abbasi Dezfouli Katharina , Giannakis Athanasios , Klauß Miriam , Mayer Philipp
Published: December 2024

Objectives: To evaluate the non-inferiority of non-contrast CT compared to contrast-enhanced CT with both intravenous and rectal contrast application for the diagnosis of acute colonic diverticulitis. Methods: Five readers retrospectively evaluated the non-contrast and contrast-enhanced series of CTs of 205 consecutive patients with clinical suspicion of acute diverticulitis. Two randomized reading sessions, both containing all 205 cases as either contrast-enhanced or non-contrast (1:1) series, were performed with ≥8 weeks washout between them. The non-inferiority margin was set to 0.1. Results: The pooled prevalence (all readers) of diverticulitis was similar for non-contrast CT (63.9%, range: 60.5–65.0%) and contrast-enhanced CT (64.4%, 61.5–67.8%). Non-contrast CT was non-inferior for the diagnosis of diverticulitis (accuracy 0.90 [95% confidence interval: 0.89, 0.92]) compared to contrast-enhanced CT (0.92 [0.90, 0.94]; the difference in accuracy: −0.01 [−0.04, 0.01]) (normal deviate test: p-valueone-sided = 5.20 × 10−6). Sensitivities for perforation and abscess were slightly but significantly lower for the non-contrast CT than for the contrast-enhanced CT (differences: −0.15 [−0.20, −0.05], −0.17 [−0.27, −0.07]), while no differences in accuracies and specificities were observed. Conclusions: Non-contrast CT is non-inferior to contrast-enhanced CT (intravenous and rectal contrast) for the diagnosis of acute colonic diverticulitis. Contrast-enhanced CT is associated with significantly higher sensitivities for the presence of an abscess or perforation.
Effect of Treatment with Progestins and Antiplatelet Agents on IVF in Women with Adenomyosis and Recurrent Implantation Failure
Authors: Pacu Irina , Zygouropoulos Nikolaos , Zampieri Giorgia , Petca Aida , Poenaru Mircea Octavian , Ionescu Cringu Antoniu
Published: December 2024

Background: This prospective study aims to identify the effect of the dienogest 2 mg/day and aspirin 150 mg/day combined treatment for two months before frozen ET on the assisted reproduction outcome in women with adenomyosis and recurrent implantation failure (RIF). Methods: Patients were selected based on specific criteria and divided into two groups (with and without treatment). Preimplantation biochemical parameters and ultrasonographic features (endometrial thickness, uterine peristalsis, and junctional zone thickness) were compared with pregnancy rate in a non-natural cycle frozen embryo transfer technique. A comparison between the two study groups indicated an increased successful implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate (25% vs. 7.4%). Results: These results were attributed to the reduced uterine peristalsis and the reduction in thickness of the junctional zone following treatment. Available data were limited due to the nature of the study though maximal effort was exerted for the selected patients between groups to be as demographically similar and free from other potential pathology that may affect the results. Conclusions: In conclusion, it appears that the above stated treatment improves outcomes in women with adenomyosis and RIF; the parameters used may provide an insight as to the reasons why this occurs, though an explanation of the molecular mechanisms is still elusive.
Decoding Pediatric Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: Unraveling Symptoms Through Multichannel Intraluminal Impedance and pH Insights
Authors: Pavić Ivan , Prcela Petar , Pejić Josip , Babić Irena , Močić Pavić Ana , Hojsak Iva
Published: December 2024

Background: The relationship between symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and objective reflux measurements obtained through multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (MII-pH) monitoring remains unclear. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between LPR symptoms and objective reflux episodes and possible associations between fibreoptic ENT findings, eosinophil counts, and serum IgE levels with reflux episodes detected by MII-pH. Methods: In this prospective study, MII-pH monitoring, fiberoptic laryngoscopy, nasal swabs for eosinophils, total serum IgE levels, and symptom assessment (Reflux Symptom Index, RSI) were performed in all children with suspected LPR. The Reflux Findings Score (RFS) was determined based on the laryngoscopy findings. Results: A total of 113 patients (mean age, 8 years) with LPR symptoms were included in the study. The number of reflux episodes was highest in children with chronic cough and recurrent broncho-obstruction. Secondary outcomes showed positive correlations between reflux episodes and ENT findings, particularly hypopharyngeal hyperemia, arytenoid hyperemia, and arytenoid erythema (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). The number of total, acidic, and weakly acidic reflux episodes was significantly positively correlated with RSI and RFS. Proximal total, acidic, and weakly acidic reflux episodes showed significant correlations with eosinophil counts in nasal swabs but negative correlations with serum IgE levels. Conclusions: This study highlights the significant role of weakly acidic reflux in pediatric LPR and its association with respiratory symptoms. Our findings emphasize the importance of objective monitoring techniques in the assessment of LPR and provide insights for refining diagnostic and management strategies.
Diagnostic Difficulties of Erosive Lichen Planus in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Szwed Carolyn , Gudziewski Olivia , Sar-Pomian Marta , Olszewska Malgorzata , Rudnicka Lidia , Czuwara Joanna
Published: December 2024

Background: Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory disease that can present with significant morbidity, particularly in children. Erosive lichen planus (ELP), its rare destructive subtype, can be particularly difficult to diagnose and manage. We present a rare pediatric case of ELP with multisite involvement and discuss the differential diagnosis. Case Presentation: A 12-year-old boy presented with painful erosions and ulcers on the lateral tongue and dystrophic nails. His six-year history of tongue and nail lesions prompted several comprehensive examinations. Laboratory tests did not reveal any abnormalities. Histopathological examination of the tongue lesions was representative of ELP. Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) examination of the tongue lesions showed features that strongly correlated with histopathology. The patient was later hospitalized due to dysphagia and esophageal food impaction, during which esophageal ELP was confirmed. The patient was initially managed with topical corticosteroids. He was later started on systemic therapy in the form of methotrexate and low-dose naltrexone to address his symptoms and disease presentation. Conclusions: This case highlights the complexities of diagnosis and management of ELP in pediatric patients. A multidisciplinary approach and regular follow-up are necessary to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve quality of life.
Validity of Wearable Inertial Sensors for Gait Analysis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Prisco Giuseppe , Pirozzi Maria Agnese , Santone Antonella , Esposito Fabrizio , Cesarelli Mario , Amato Francesco , Donisi Leandro
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Gait analysis, traditionally performed with lab-based optical motion capture systems, offers high accuracy but is costly and impractical for real-world use. Wearable technologies, especially inertial measurement units (IMUs), enable portable and accessible assessments outside the lab, though challenges with sensor placement, signal selection, and algorithm design can affect accuracy. This systematic review aims to bridge the benchmarking gap between IMU-based and traditional systems, validating the use of wearable inertial systems for gait analysis. Methods: This review examined English studies between 2012 and 2023, retrieved from the Scopus database, comparing wearable sensors to optical motion capture systems, focusing on IMU body placement, gait parameters, and validation metrics. Exclusion criteria for the search included conference papers, reviews, unavailable papers, studies without wearable inertial sensors for gait analysis, and those not involving agreement studies or optical motion capture systems. Results: From an initial pool of 479 articles, 32 were selected for full-text screening. Among them, the lower body resulted in the most common site for single IMU placement (in 22 studies), while the most frequently used multi-sensor configuration involved IMU positioning on the lower back, shanks, feet, and thighs (10 studies). Regarding gait parameters, 11 studies out of the 32 included studies focused on spatial-temporal parameters, 12 on joint kinematics, 2 on gait events, and the remainder on a combination of parameters. In terms of validation metrics, 24 studies employed correlation coefficients as the primary measure, while 7 studies used a combination of error metrics, correlation coefficients, and Bland–Altman analysis. Validation metrics revealed that IMUs exhibited good to moderate agreement with optical motion capture systems for kinematic measures. In contrast, spatiotemporal parameters demonstrated greater variability, with agreement ranging from moderate to poor. Conclusions: This review highlighted the transformative potential of wearable IMUs in advancing gait analysis beyond the constraints of traditional laboratory-based systems.
Prospective Voice Assessment After Thyroidectomy Without Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury
Authors: Šimić Prgomet Ivana , Frkanec Stjepan , Gugić Radojković Ika , Prgomet Drago
Published: December 2024

Background: Thyroidectomy, a surgical procedure for thyroid disorders, is associated with postoperative voice changes, even in cases without recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury. Our study evaluates the prevalence and predictors of voice disorders in thyroidectomy patients without RLN injury. Methods: Our single-center prospective study at the University Hospital Center Zagreb included 243 patients, with pre- and postoperative voice evaluations using acoustic analysis and videostroboscopy. Logistic regression, chi-square, MANOVA, and non-parametric tests assessed the impact of surgical, sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors. Results: The study analyzed 243 participants (141 lobectomy, 102 total thyroidectomy). Postoperative voice disorders occurred in 200 patients (100 lobectomy, 100 total thyroidectomy); 43 (17.7%) experienced no voice disorders. Significant associations were observed for surgery type (χ2 = 29.88, p < 0.001), with total thyroidectomy having higher risk, surgery duration (χ2 = 16.40, p < 0.001), thyroid volume (χ2 = 4.24, p = 0.045), and BMI (χ2 = 8.97, p = 0.011). Gender and age showed no significant correlation. Acoustic parameters differed significantly, with lobectomy patients showing better intensity, jitter, and shimmer values across postoperative measurements. Logistic regression identified surgery type (Exp(B) = 16.533, p = 0.001) and thyroid volume (Exp(B) = 2.335, p = 0.023) as predictors of voice disorders, achieving 82.7% classification accuracy. Multivariate analysis confirmed gender and surgery duration as significant contributors. Surgery duration exceeding 90 min and enlarged thyroid volume negatively influenced outcomes. Significant acoustic differences were also linked to BMI categories, with obese participants exhibiting poorer parameters, particularly shimmer and jitter. Conclusions: Surgery type, thyroid volume, BMI, and surgery duration are most likely significant predictors of postoperative voice disorders.
Quantitative Physiologic MRI Combined with Feature Engineering for Developing Machine Learning-Based Prediction Models to Distinguish Glioblastomas from Single Brain Metastases
Authors: Hosseini Seyyed Ali , Servaes Stijn , Hall Brandon , Bhaduri Sourav , Rajan Archith , Rosa-Neto Pedro , Brem Steven , Loevner Laurie A. , Mohan Suyash , Chawla Sanjeev
Published: December 2024

Background: The accurate and early distinction of glioblastomas (GBMs) from single brain metastases (BMs) provides a window of opportunity for reframing treatment strategies enabling optimal and timely therapeutic interventions. We sought to leverage physiologically sensitive parameters derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)–perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) along with machine learning-based methods to distinguish GBMs from single BMs. Methods: Patients with histopathology-confirmed GBMs (n = 62) and BMs (n = 26) and exhibiting contrast-enhancing regions (CERs) underwent 3T anatomical imaging, DTI and DSC-PWI prior to treatment. Median values of mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy, linear, planar and spheric anisotropic coefficients, and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and maximum rCBV values were measured from CERs and immediate peritumor regions. Data normalization and scaling were performed. In the next step, most relevant features were extracted (non-interacting features), which were subsequently used to generate a set of new, innovative, high-order features (interacting features) using a feature engineering method. Finally, 10 machine learning classifiers were employed in distinguishing GBMs and BMs. Cross-validation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to determine the diagnostic performance. Results: A random forest classifier with ANOVA F-value feature selection algorithm using both interacting and non-interacting features provided the best diagnostic performance in distinguishing GBMs from BMs with an area under the ROC curve of 92.67%, a classification accuracy of 87.8%, a sensitivity of 73.64% and a specificity of 97.5%. Conclusions: A machine learning based approach involving the combined use of interacting and non-interacting physiological MRI parameters shows promise to differentiate between GBMs and BMs with high accuracy.
α1-Acid Glycoprotein with Highly Fucosylated Glycans as a Potential Diagnostic Marker for Early Detection of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancers
Authors: Endo Mizuki , Yazawa Shin , Sano Rie , Yokobori Takehiko , Shirabe Ken , Saeki Hiroshi
Published: December 2024

Background: Previously, we reported elevated levels of fucosylated α1-acid glycoprotein (fAGP) in plasma samples from patients with diverse types of cancers. Accordingly, fAGP was assumed to be a potential biomarker for the early detection of cancers. Methods: The fAGP level was retrospectively measured in preoperative plasma samples from 213 patients with either hepatic, biliary tract, or pancreatic cancer and was analyzed together with levels of six existing tumor markers determined as reference standards. Results: When the cutoff value was set at 25.45 U/μg, elevated levels of fAGP were significantly observed in cancer patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the detection of malignancy in these diseases were determined to be 70.79, 51.72, and 68.12, respectively. In contrast, all the tumor markers exhibited low sensitivity and accuracy, even though they commonly had extremely high (≥80%) specificity. Further, a significant number of patients in both early and advanced clinical stages were found to be false negative in these tumor makers but were found to be positive in the fAGP level. A dramatic improvement in the diagnosis by tumor markers in such patients with all clinical stages was found by the determination of the fAGP level. This indicated that fAGP could serve to correct false-negative diagnosis with tumor markers. Conclusions: It is believed that fAGP could be a relevant, unique, and highly sensitive biomarker for early diagnosis of hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers.
IgG4-Related Lymphadenopathy Mimicking Mediastinal Lymph Node Metastasis of Lung Cancer on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Tseng Ting-Chun , Chan Hung-Pin , Shen Daniel Hueng-Yuan , Lin Chang-Chung
Published: December 2024

We report a case of a 73-year-old man with minimally invasive lung adenocarcinoma, post-resection, evaluated with 18F-FDG PET/CT for suspected disease progression. Imaging showed increased FDG uptake in the right lower lung mass and systemic lymphadenopathy (mediastinal, supraclavicular, axillary, paraaortic, and iliac regions). The appearance of a stable lymph node and a clinical history of IgG4 lymphadenopathy suggested an inflammatory process, although malignancy in the lung mass and mediastinal nodes could not be excluded. Lobectomy confirmed the presence of lung adenocarcinoma, while radical lymph node dissection identified IgG4-related lymphadenopathy without metastasis. This case underscores the need for considering differential diagnosis of PET-positive lymphadenopathy, especially in patients with comorbid conditions that mimic or coexist with malignancy.
Race to the Moon or the Bottom? Applications, Performance, and Ethical Considerations of Artificial Intelligence in Prosthodontics and Implant Dentistry
Authors: Alfaraj Amal , Nagai Toshiki , AlQallaf Hawra , Lin Wei-Shao
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This review aims to explore the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in prosthodontics and implant dentistry, focusing on its performance outcomes and associated ethical concerns. Materials and Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, a search was conducted across databases such as PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus. Studies published between January 2022 and May 2024, in English, were considered. The Population (P) included patients or extracted teeth with AI applications in prosthodontics and implant dentistry; the Intervention (I) was AI-based tools; the Comparison (C) was traditional methods, and the Outcome (O) involved AI performance outcomes and ethical considerations. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality and risk of bias in the studies. Results: Out of 3420 initially identified articles, 18 met the inclusion criteria for AI applications in prosthodontics and implant dentistry. The review highlighted AI’s significant role in improving diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, and prosthesis design. AI models demonstrated high accuracy in classifying dental implants and predicting implant outcomes, although limitations were noted in data diversity and model generalizability. Regarding ethical issues, five studies identified concerns such as data privacy, system bias, and the potential replacement of human roles by AI. While patients generally viewed AI positively, dental professionals expressed hesitancy due to a lack of familiarity and regulatory guidelines, highlighting the need for better education and ethical frameworks. Conclusions: AI has the potential to revolutionize prosthodontics and implant dentistry by enhancing treatment accuracy and efficiency. However, there is a pressing need to address ethical issues through comprehensive training and the development of regulatory frameworks. Future research should focus on broadening AI applications and addressing the identified ethical concerns.
Five Numerical Methods to Assess the Ischemic Risks in Dental Pulp and Neuro-Vascular Bundle Under Orthodontic Movements in Intact Periodontium In Vitro
Authors: Moga Radu-Andrei , Olteanu Cristian Doru , Delean Ada Gabriela
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Dental pulp and its neuro-vascular bundle (NVB) are among the least studied dental tissues. This study identified the best method for evaluating ischemic risks in the dental pulp and NVB of healthy lower premolars under orthodontic forces and in intact periodontium. Methods: Nine 3D models of the second lower premolar were reconstructed based on the CBCT scans from nine patients. Nine patients (CBCT scan) were subjected to 3 N of intrusion, extrusion, rotation, tipping, and translation. Five numerical methods, Tresca, von Mises (VM), Maximum and Minimum Principal, and hydrostatic pressure were used to biomechanically assess (totaling 225 simulations) the color-coded stress distribution in pulp and NVB. The results (both qualitative and quantitative) were correlated with the physiological maximum hydrostatic pressure (MHP) and known tissular biomechanical behavior. Results: All five methods displayed quantitative amounts of stress lower than MHP and did not seem to induce any ischemic risks for the NVB and pulp of healthy intact premolars. Among the five movements, rotation seemed the most stressful, while translation was the least stressful. The NVB displayed higher amounts of stress and tissular deformations than the pulp, seeming to be more exposed to ischemic risks. Higher tissular deformations are visible in NVB during intrusion and extrusion, while pulpal coronal stress is visible only during translation. Only the VM and Tresca methods showed a constant stress display pattern for all five movements. The other three methods displayed various inconsistencies related to the stress distribution pattern. Conclusions: Only the Tresca and VM methods can provide correct qualitative and quantitative data for the analysis of dental pulp and NVB. The other three methods are not suitable for the study of the pulp and NVB.