bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Hammersmith Score Optimises Patient Selection and Predicts for Overall Survival in Early-Phase Cancer Trial Participants Independent of Tumour Burden
Authors: Korolewicz James Alexander , Scheiner Bernhard , Fulgenzi Claudia A.M. , D'Alessio Antonio , Cortellini Alessio , Pascual Chynna , Mehan Aman , Partridge Sarah , Gujral Dorothy M. , Mohammed Waleed , Mohammed Oreoluwa , Grzesiak Aneta , Booker Lauren , Cleator Susan , Pokrovska Tzveta , Saleem Waqar , Rackie James , Needham Yasmine , Krell Jonathan , McNeish Iain , Tookman Laura , Park Won-Ho Edward , Asif Muzamil , Evans Joanne S. , Pinato David J.
Published: April 2024

Introduction: As tumour response rates are increasingly demonstrated in early-phase cancer trials (EPCT), optimal patient selection and accurate prognostication are paramount. Hammersmith Score (HS), a simple prognostic index derived on routine biochemical measures (albumin <35 g/L, lactate dehydrogenase >450 IU/L, sodium <135 mmol/L), is a validated predictor of response and survival in EPCT participants. HS has not been validated in the cancer immunotherapy era. Methods: We retrospectively analysed characteristics and outcomes of unselected referrals to our early-phase unit (12/2019–12/2022). Independent predictors for overall survival (OS) were identified from univariable and multivariable models. HS was calculated for 66 eligible trial participants and compared with the Royal Marsden Score (RMS) to predict OS. Multivariable logistic regression and C-index was used to compare predictive ability of prognostic models. Results: Of 212 referrals, 147 patients were screened and 82 patients treated in EPCT. Prognostic stratification by HS identifies significant difference in median OS, and HS was confirmed as a multivariable predictor for OS (HR: HS 1 vs. 0 2.51, 95% CI: 1.01–6.24, p = 0.049; HS 2/3 vs. 0: 10.32, 95% CI: 2.15–49.62, p = 0.004; C-index 0.771) with superior multivariable predictive ability than RMS (HR: RMS 2 vs. 0/1 5.46, 95% CI: 1.12–26.57, p = 0.036; RMS 3 vs. 0/1 6.83, 95% CI: 1.15–40.53, p < 0.001; C-index 0.743). Conclusions: HS is a validated prognostic index for patients with advanced cancer treated in the context of modern EPCTs, independent of tumour burden. HS is a simple, inexpensive prognostic tool to optimise referral for EPCT.
Outcome of Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion in Patients with Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease
Authors: Nguyen Huong Bich Thi , Nguyen Trung Quoc , Tran Vu Thanh , Le Tra Son Vu , Truong Anh Tuan Le , Pham Binh Nguyen , Nguyen Sang Hung , Behera Anit Kiran , Nguyen Thanh Thien , Nguyen Thang Ba , Nguyen Thanh N. , Nguyen Thang Huy
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) has been identified as a major cause of acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO).This study compared the characteristics and treatment outcomes in acute BAO patients with and without ICAD. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at 115 People’s Hospital, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam from August 2021 to June 2023. Patients with acute BAO who underwent endovascular treatment within 24 h from symptom onset were included (thrombectomy alone or bridging with intravenous alteplase). The baseline characteristics and outcomes were analyzed and compared between patients with and without ICAD. Good functional outcome was defined as mRS ≤3 at 90 days. Results: Among the 208 patients enrolled, 112 (53.8%) patients were categorized in the ICAD group, and 96 (46.2%) in the non-ICAD group. Occlusion in the proximal segment of the basilar artery was more common in patients with ICAD (55.4% vs. 21.9%, p < 0.001), whereas the distal segment was the most common location in the non-ICAD group (58.3% vs. 10.7%, p < 0.001). Patients in the ICAD group were more likely to undergo treatment in the late window, with a higher mean onset-to-treatment time compared to the non-ICAD group (11.6 vs. 9.5 h, p = 0.01). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, distal segment BAO was negatively associated with ICAD (aOR 0.13, 95% CI: 0.05–0.32, p < 0.001), while dyslipidemia showed a positive association (aOR 2.44, 95% CI: 1.15–5.17, p = 0.02). There was a higher rate for rescue stenting in the ICAD compared to non-ICAD group (15.2% vs. 0%, p < 0.001). However, no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of good outcome (45.5% vs. 44.8%, p = 0.91), symptomatic hemorrhage rates (4.5% vs. 8.3%, p = 0.25), and mortality (42% vs. 50%, p = 0.25). Conclusion: ICAD was a common etiology in patients with BAO. The location segment of BAO and dyslipidemia were associated with ICAD in patients with BAO. There was no difference in 90-day outcomes between BAO patients with and without ICAD undergoing endovascular therapy.
Análisis del papel de los educadores ante el maltrato familiar en la primera infancia
Authors: Arévalo Edna Ruth , Osorio Meléndez Constanza , Rojas Caballero Diana
Published: April 2024

El artículo presenta una parte del proceso y los resultados de la investigación realizada en dos instituciones de educación inicial en Bogotá, a partir del cual se identificaron las medidas que educadores e instituciones implementan en la detección de maltrato infantil en la familia y en la protección que brindan a los niños. El proyecto se desarrolló a través de un enfoque cualitativo hermenéutico que permitió trabajar con las comprensiones que hacen los participantes de sus experiencias y con las respectivas interpretaciones por parte de las investigadoras. Para la producción de información se realizaron entrevistas, grupos de discusión y producción de relatos de vida. La información se procesó a través del método análisis de contenido. Entre los principales hallazgos se encontró que cuanto más pequeños son los niños, más vulnerables son al maltrato familiar; algunos maestros son particularmente sensibles para detectarlo; el maltrato considerado leve es naturalizado por los adultos; educadores, niños y cuidadores experimentan miedo al denunciar el maltrato; todos los actores escolares tienen responsabilidades específicas para prevenir y atender estas situaciones, desarrollar procesos de formación y configurar procedimientos sistemáticos, protocolos y rutas para hacer eficiente la protección de los niños.
Consumos alimentarios híbridos de los jóvenes en la escuela pedagógica experimental
Authors: Galindo Galindo Rosa María
Published: April 2024

Este artículo pretende mostrar cómo las preferencias alimentarias de los jóvenes de la Escuela Pedagógica Experimental están asociadas a un proceso de hibridación que emerge en una amalgama entre lo nuevo y lo tradicional. Esta noción permite acercarse de manera más consistente a los procesos de interconexión, a las imágenes caleidoscópicas; que nutren el fenómeno complejo de la alimentación. Una intercomunicación que se hace evidente en los relatos de nuestros jóvenes cuando eligen ciertos productos alimenticios que son consumidos en otras latitudes, los cuales van desde los tacos, las sopas ramen, los dulces Wonka hasta las comidas típicas colombianas, con las que expresan modos de apropiación cultural, porque son elegidas gracias a la mediación de los usos sociales de la comunicación en diversas modalidades publicitarias que invitan al consumo de comidas rápidas como la mejor opción de alimentarse. Para comprender las prácticas alimentarias, se realizó un estudio de tipo etnográfico, de manera que en el proceso interpretativo se logran descifrar sentidos, juegos de lenguaje, formas de ver locales, formas de verse y que solo son posibles de interpretar en ese ver en la familiaridad, como lo plantea Guerrero ( 2012, p. 12), haciendo visible la conjunción entre lo tradicional y la novedad que emerge en la tensión entre cultura global y local a la hora de tomar decisiones acerca de cómo alimentarse.
Cuando la libertad se conquista, la práctica educativa se transforma
Authors: Gamboa Ladino Diana Yohana , Nieto Gamboa Yohanna Milena
Published: April 2024

La educación señala un reto de formación comprometido con el fortalecimiento de las cualidades humanas frente a las expectativas de cada ser y las necesidades sociales. Tal compromiso se refleja en las acciones y prácticas que se asumen como una oportunidad para mejorar las capacidades de los seres humanos.

De tal inspiración surge la necesidad de transformar la práctica educativa en un aula de primero de primaria en la ciudad Villavicencio, en la que se articulan compromisos, fines y acciones para construir experiencias de libertad desde la cotidianidad escolar.
A Prosa do Mundo, de M. Merleau Ponty
Authors: Carone André Medina
Published: April 2024

This work, requested by Cosac & Naify Publishing House as a press release of Theprose of the world. presents a short analysis of its content.
O Belo e o eterno
Authors: José Valter
Published: April 2024

This paper is a "pastiche" that emulates the "Éloge de la mauvaise musique" (text number xiii of Les plaisirs et les jours) by Marcel Proust . It's an attempt of metaphysical litterary analysis of Belo's son with his eternity's hunger.
PDZ-Binding Kinase, a Novel Regulator of Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Bordan Zsuzsanna , Batori Robert K. , Haigh Stephen , Li Xueyi , Meadows Mary Louise , Brown Zach L. , West Madison A. , Dong Kunzhe , Han Weihong , Su Yunchao , Ma Qian , Huo Yuqing , Zhou Jiliang , Abdelbary Mahmoud , Sullivan Jennifer C. , Weintraub Neal L. , Stepp David W. , Chen Feng , Barman Scott A. , Fulton David J.R.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is high blood pressure in the lungs that originates from structural changes in small resistance arteries. A defining feature of PAH is the inappropriate remodeling of pulmonary arteries (PA) leading to right ventricle failure and death. Although treatment of PAH has improved, the long-term prognosis for patients remains poor, and more effective targets are needed.

METHODS:

Gene expression was analyzed by microarray, RNA sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunostaining of lung and isolated PA in multiple mouse and rat models of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and human PAH. PH was assessed by digital ultrasound, hemodynamic measurements, and morphometry.

RESULTS:

Microarray analysis of the transcriptome of hypertensive rat PA identified a novel candidate, PBK (PDZ-binding kinase), that was upregulated in multiple models and species including humans. PBK is a serine/threonine kinase with important roles in cell proliferation that is minimally expressed in normal tissues but significantly increased in highly proliferative tissues. PBK was robustly upregulated in the medial layer of PA, where it overlaps with markers of smooth muscle cells. Gain-of-function approaches show that active forms of PBK increase PA smooth muscle cell proliferation, whereas silencing PBK, dominant negative PBK, and pharmacological inhibitors of PBK all reduce proliferation. Pharmacological inhibitors of PBK were effective in PH reversal strategies in both mouse and rat models, providing translational significance. In a complementary genetic approach, PBK was knocked out in rats using CRISPR/Cas9 editing, and loss of PBK prevented the development of PH. We found that PBK bound to PRC1 (protein regulator of cytokinesis 1) in PA smooth muscle cells and that multiple genes involved in cytokinesis were upregulated in experimental models of PH and human PAH. Active PBK increased PRC1 phosphorylation and supported cytokinesis in PA smooth muscle cells, whereas silencing or dominant negative PBK reduced cytokinesis and the number of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle.

CONCLUSIONS:

PBK is a newly described target for PAH that is upregulated in proliferating PA smooth muscle cells, where it contributes to proliferation through changes in cytokinesis and cell cycle dynamics to promote medial thickening, fibrosis, increased PA resistance, elevated right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular remodeling, and PH.
Representing Context and Priority in Working Memory
Authors: Wan Quan , Ardalan Adel , Fulvio Jacqueline M. , Postle Bradley R.
Published: April 2024

The ability to prioritize among contents in working memory (WM) is critical for successful control of thought and behavior. Recent work has demonstrated that prioritization in WM can be implemented by representing different states of priority in different representational formats. Here, we explored the mechanisms underlying WM prioritization by simulating the double serial retrocuing task with recurrent neural networks. Visualization of stimulus representational dynamics using principal component analysis revealed that the network represented trial context (order of presentation) and priority via different mechanisms. Ordinal context, a stable property lasting the duration of the trial, was accomplished by segregating representations into orthogonal subspaces. Priority, which changed multiple times during a trial, was accomplished by separating representations into different strata within each subspace. We assessed the generality of these mechanisms by applying dimensionality reduction and multiclass decoding to fMRI and EEG data sets and found that priority and context are represented differently along the dorsal visual stream and that behavioral performance is sensitive to trial-by-trial variability of priority coding, but not context coding.
Commemorating 50 Years of Publication of Small Is Beautiful by E. F. Schumacher: Adding Women to “Small = Beautiful”
Authors: Varma Roli
Published: April 2024

Fifty years ago, Schumacher in his celebrated book, Small Is Beautiful, argued that the Western model of mass production, which relies on high-cost, capital-intensive, and labor-saving technology, was not suitable for developing countries to improve their economic conditions and living standards. Instead, Schumacher proposed an alternative path of development that emphasized low-cost, small-scale, and labor-intensive technology. Considering persistent unemployment in developing countries, Schumacher’s model of alternative development remains relevant for the vast majority of their people. However, he failed to include women in his model and held traditional views on gender roles. His understanding of the economic role of women did not align with the women’s movements, which sought equal access to education and employment. By using a case study of India, this article argues that it is often poor women who are the “agents” of Small Is Beautiful. Through low-cost small businesses, they are uplifting themselves and their families out of poverty and contributing to society’s well-being.
Thucydides Trap Revisited
Authors: Lorci Enescan
Published: April 2024

This study explores the ideological aspect of the US-China cyberspace competition and its potential impact on global cyber-stability. The research employs the ‘Thucydides Trap’ concept as an analytical lens through which to scrutinize the dynamics characterizing US-China relations in the cyberspace. This analysis delves into the intricate interplay between an ascendant yet discontent challenger (China) and a preeminent and apprehensive dominant power (the US) in cyberspace. While risks are acknowledged due to strained communication and ideological competition, the study suggests that shared interests in cyberspace stability could prevent the two powers falling into the Thucydides Trap. The outcome hinges on future actions by both countries’ leadership.
New species and records of the genus Hercostomus Loew (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Thailand mangroves, with notes on the Hercostomus fauna of Singapore mangroves
Authors: SAMOH ABDULLOH , GROOTAERT PATRICK
Published: April 2024

The long-legged fly genus Hercostomus Loew, 1857 is reported for the first time from mangrove habitats in Thailand. Two new species, H. obtusus sp. nov. and H. squamatus sp. nov. are described based on external morphology and supported by NGS barcoding. Four described species, namely, H. brevicornis Zhang, Yang & Grootaert, 2008, H. brevidigitalis Zhang, Yang & Grootaert, 2008, H. lanceolatus Zhang, Yang & Grootaert, 2008, and H. plumatus Zhang, Yang & Grootaert, 2008, previously known only from Singapore mangroves, are recorded for the first time from Thailand mangroves. In addition, species distributions are mapped and taxonomic notes are provided.
New species and records of Hygrodromicus Tronquet, 1981 and Paratrichodromeus Zerche, 1992 from the Middle Asia, the Himalayan Region and China (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Omaliinae: Anthophagini)
Authors: SHAVRIN ALEXEY V.
Published: April 2024

Taxonomic, diagnostic and faunistic data for eight species of Hygrodromicus Tronquet, 1981 and three species of Paratrichodromeus Zerche, 1992 (Omaliinae: Anthophagini) from the Middle Asia, the Himalayan Region and China are presented. Three species are (re-) described and illustrated: H. klapperichi Coiffait, 1982 (Afghanistan), H. latilobatus sp. n. (central Nepal), and P. angustilobatus sp. n. (Afghanistan). A new synonymy is established: H. coriaceus (Cameron, 1924) = Geodromicus palpalis Coiffait, 1977 syn. n. Habitus of the paratype of Geodromicus palpalis Coiffait, 1977, H. reitteri (Scheerpeltz, 1933), H. wrasei Zerche, 1992 and all species of the genus Paratrichodromeus are illustrated. A distribution map for species of the genus Paratrichodromeus is given. Hygrodromicus reitteri (Scheerpeltz, 1933) is recorded from Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan for the first time.
An Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Synergy between Profiles of Aircraft-Based Observations and Operational Radiosonde Reports over the United States
Authors: Wagner Timothy J. , Petersen Ralph A. , Mamrosh Richard D. , Gerth Jordan , Marshall Curtis H. , O’Sullivan James M.
Published: April 2024

Aircraft-based observations (ABOs) are an important component of the global observation system. Observations of pressure, temperature, and wind are obtained from thousands of routine commercial flights daily via the Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) program, while a subset of approximately 145 aircraft globally (and 135 within the conterminous United States) also produces observations of water vapor from the Water Vapor Sensing System–II (WVSS–II). Aircraft equipped with WVSS–II provide the basic parameters as radiosonde observations throughout most of the troposphere, often at higher temporal and spatial frequency. Since these aircraft are operated according to the demands of passenger and cargo, the availability of aircraft profiles varies significantly in space and time, with more profiles during daytime and early evening than overnight, more profiles on weekdays than weekends, and more during the summer months. The number of available profiles was significantly impacted by reductions in travel during the COVID-19 pandemic but has recovered substantially. The potential for aircraft profiles to support the operational radiosonde network is explored, including the effect of various spatial and temporal matching criteria. Radiosonde launches at 0000 UTC that are well aligned with aircraft profiles are found across the conterminous United States, but well-covered 1200 UTC launches are strongly biased to the east. ABO coverage of asynoptic launch times is also explored. The busiest sites usually have multiple compatible aircraft profiles at both synoptic and asynoptic times. This redundancy lends robustness to the observation network and enables forecasters to monitor atmospheric evolution more continuously throughout the day.

Significance Statement

Some commercial aircraft make the same observations as weather balloons, but there is not a good record of how frequently these observations are made at specific locations. This paper does a census of where the airplane profile observations are most likely to be found and shows where they are duplicating weather balloon observations and where they are filling in the gaps in the weather balloon network.
Level III Trauma Centers Achieve Comparable Outcomes in Blunt Splenic Injury as Level I Centers
Authors: Jensen Stephanie , Wu Chiung , Simmons Camille , Green John , Sing Ronald , Thomas Bradley , Torres Fajardo Rafael
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Identifying patients who can be safely managed in lower-level trauma centers is critical to avoid overburdening level I centers. This study examines the transfer patterns and outcomes of blunt splenic injury (BSI) patients cared for at 2 regional level III trauma centers as compared to an associated level I center.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted including all trauma patients with BSI admitted to 2 level III trauma centers (TC3) and a level I center (TC1) between 2012 and 2022. Patients were broken into 3 categories: TC1, TC3, and transfer patients (transferred from TC3 to TC1).

Results

A total of 1480 patients were admitted to TC1, 208 patients to TC3, and 128 were transferred. 22.7% of transfer patients were children. No difference in splenic injury grade was seen between patients managed at TC1 and TC3. Patients presenting to TC1 had more severe concomitant injuries. Patients underwent urgent splenectomy at similar rates at TC1 and TC3 (15.1 vs 18.7%, P = .1). Successful nonoperative management was achieved at similar rates (81.3 vs 75.5%, P = .1). When controlling for ISS and ED disposition, there was no significant difference in length of stay (LOS), ICU LOS, and inpatient mortality between TC1 and TC3.

Conclusion

Level III centers effectively managed BSI achieving comparable outcomes to the level 1 center. Transfers commonly occurred in pediatric and multisystem trauma patients, though high-grade splenic injuries were not predictive of transfer. High-grade BSI can be safely managed at level III centers without need for transfer.
A longitudinal study of the impacts of a stay in a Prevention and Recovery Care service in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Brophy Lisa , Fletcher Justine , Dawadi Shrinkhala , Reece John , Edan Vrinda , Enticott Joanne , Farhall John , Fossey Ellie , Hamilton Bridget , Harvey Carol , Meadows Graham , Mihalopoulos Cathrine , Morrisroe Emma , Newton Richard , Palmer Victoria , Vine Ruth , Waks Shifra , Pirkis Jane
Published: April 2024

Background:

Prevention and Recovery Care services are residential sub-acute services in Victoria, Australia, guided by a commitment to recovery-oriented practice. The evidence regarding the effectiveness of this service model is limited, largely relying on small, localised evaluations. This study involved a state-wide investigation into the personal recovery, perceived needs for care, well-being and quality-of-life outcomes experienced by Prevention and Recovery Care services’ consumers.

Methods:

A longitudinal cohort design examined the trajectory of self-reported personal recovery and other outcomes for consumers in 19 Victorian Prevention and Recovery Care services over 4 time points (T1 – 1 week after admission; T2 – within 1 week of discharge; T3 – 6 months after discharge; T4 – 12 months after discharge). T2–T4 time frames were extended by approximately 3 weeks due to recruitment challenges. The Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery was the primary outcome measure.

Results:

At T1, 298 consumers were recruited. By T4, 114 remained in the study. Participants scored higher on the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery at all three time points after T1. There were also sustained improvements on all secondary outcome measures. Improvements were then sustained at each subsequent post-intervention time point. Community inclusion and having needs for care met also improved.

Conclusion:

The findings provide a consistent picture of benefits for consumers using Prevention and Recovery Care services, with significant improvement in personal recovery, quality of life, mental health and well-being following an admission to a Prevention and Recovery Care service. Further attention needs to be given to how to sustain the gains made through a Prevention and Recovery Care service admission in the long term.
Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation for Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Chi Yun-Qian , Yao Yi , Zhang Wen-Hong , Zhang Zi-Han , Wang Yun-He , Hao Wei
Published: April 2024

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential component for brain development during fetal and early postnatal life. Hyperbilirubinemia is characterized by abnormally high levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream, frequently leading to jaundice in newborns. In severe instances, this condition can progress to neurological damage or kernicterus, a form of brain damage. Initial cell-based experiments conducted by our research team revealed that DHA significantly enhances the survival rate of nerve cells treated with bilirubin and diminishes the oxidative stress indicated by reduced peroxide activity caused by unconjugated bilirubin (UCB). Further investigations through animal studies demonstrated that DHA effectively mitigates bilirubin-induced brain injury in neonatal rats. However, the potential of DHA to decrease the incidence of bilirubin-induced brain damage in clinical settings has not been previously explored or reported. Infants with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (n = 30 per group) participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled parallel study. They received either 100 mg/d DHA or placebo syrup immediately when they were diagnosed. The study found that the bilirubin level at 48 hours of treatment, serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels, mean phototherapy duration, and abnormal rate of cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were lower in the DHA group than those in the control group ( P < .05). These results suggested that DHA is effective as an adjuvant treatment for hyperbilirubinemia in children. It can reduce the incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia brain injury and plays a certain protective role. Clinical study on protective effect of DHA on neonatal bilirubin injury is registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry as ChiCTR2300070250.
The community health worker experience and perception toward mental illness: A multi-settings cross-sectional study in Indonesia
Authors: Marthoenis Marthoenis , Fitryasari Rizki , Martina Martina , Hidayati Husna , Sari Hasmila , Warsini Sri
Published: April 2024

Background:

The experiences and perceptions of Community Health Workers toward mental illness are vital for tailoring interventions, reducing stigma, improving access to services, and fostering community engagement in mental health initiatives.

Aims:

This study investigates the experiences of community health worker and their perception of mental illness.

Methods:

A multi-settings cross-sectional study was conducted among 487 Community Health Workers. Their experience and perception toward mental illness were studied with questionnaires, which examined their general perception, religious-related perception, cause, treatment, and expectation for mental treatment.

Results:

Most participants concurred that serving as a community health worker enhances their communication abilities (90.4%), strengthens connections with community health center staff (84.8%), boosts self-confidence (84.6%), and refines their capacity to identify signs of mental disorders (77%). Most notably, they consider their fellow community health workers essential to their extended family. Furthermore, a notable proportion associates’ mental illness with religious elements, with 19.5% believing it can result from a lack of religious worship and a minority attributing it to witchcraft or black magic (3.5%). In terms of treatment, 14.2% think Ruqyah can cure mental illness, 6.4% believe in treatment by religious scholars, and a similar percentage (6.4%) think no medication or treatment is necessary for mental problems.

Conclusion:

Participants overwhelmingly recognize the positive impact of serving as community health workers, citing improvements in communication, relationships with health center staff, self-confidence, and mental disorder identification. The strong bond among community health workers, likened to an extended family, emphasizes their collective importance. Additionally, the majority advocates for compassionate treatment of individuals with mental illness. These findings underscore the complex interplay of professional, communal, and cultural elements in addressing community mental health.
Enterococcus faecalis Extracellular Vesicles Promote Apical Periodontitis
Authors: Ma R.Y. , Deng Z.L. , Du Q.Y. , Dai M.Q. , Luo Y.Y. , Liang Y.E. , Dai X.Z. , Guo S.M. , Zhao W.H.
Published: April 2024

Enterococcus faecalis is an important contributor to the persistence of chronic apical periodontitis. However, the mechanism by which E. faecalis infection in the root canals and dentinal tubules affects periapical tissue remains unclear. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as natural carriers of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and have recently attracted considerable attention. In this study, we investigated the role of EVs derived from E. faecalis in the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis. We observed that E. faecalis EVs can induce inflammatory bone destruction in the periapical areas of mice. Double-labeling immunofluorescence indicated that M1 macrophage infiltration was increased by E. faecalis EVs in apical lesions. Moreover, in vitro experiments demonstrated the internalization of E. faecalis EVs into macrophages. Macrophages tended to polarize toward the M1 profile after treatment with E. faecalis EVs. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can recognize MAMPs of bacterial EVs and, in turn, trigger inflammatory responses. Thus, we performed further mechanistic exploration, which showed that E. faecalis EVs considerably increased the expression of NOD2, a cytoplasmic PRR, and that inhibition of NOD2 markedly reduced macrophage M1 polarization induced by E. faecalis EVs. RIPK2 ubiquitination is a major downstream of NOD2. We also observed increased RIPK2 ubiquitination in macrophages treated with E. faecalis EVs, and E. faecalis EV-induced macrophage M1 polarization was notably alleviated by the RIPK2 ubiquitination inhibitor. Our study revealed the potential for EVs to be considered a virulence factor of E. faecalis and found that E. faecalis EVs can promote macrophage M1 polarization via NOD2/RIPK2 signaling. To our knowledge, this is the first report to investigate apical periodontitis development from the perspective of bacterial vesicles and demonstrate the role and mechanism of E. faecalis EVs in macrophage polarization. This study expands our understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of E. faecalis and provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis.
The Intergenerational Transmission of Health Disadvantage: Can Education Disrupt It?
Authors: Smith-Greenaway Emily , Lin Yingyi , Weitzman Abigail
Published: April 2024

In low-income countries, intergenerational processes can culminate in the replication of extreme forms of health disadvantage between mothers and adult daughters, including experiencing a young child’s death. The preventable nature of most child deaths raises questions of whether social resources can protect women from enduring this adversity like their mothers. This study examined whether education—widely touted as a vehicle for social mobility in resource-poor countries—disrupts the intergenerational cycle of maternal bereavement. We estimated multilevel discrete-time survival models of women’s hazard of child loss using Demographic and Health Survey Program data (N = 195,744 women in 345 subnational regions in 32 African countries). Women’s educational attainment minimizes the salience of their mothers’ bereavement history for their own probability of child loss; however, mothers’ background becomes irrelevant only among women with ≥10 years of schooling. Education’s neutralizing influence is most prominent in the highest mortality-burdened communities.
Mothering While Sick: Poor Maternal Health and the Educational Attainment of Young Adults
Authors: Cavanagh Shannon , Owirodu Athena , Bing Lindsay
Published: April 2024

At a time when educational attainment in young adulthood forecasts long-term trajectories of economic mobility, better health, and stable partnership, there is more pressure on mothers to provide labor and support to advance their children’s interests in the K–12 system. As a result, poor health among mothers when children are growing up may interfere with how far they progress educationally. Applying life course theory to the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to investigate this possibility, we found that young adults were less likely to graduate from college when raised by mothers in poor health, especially when those mothers had a college degree themselves. Young people’s school-related behaviors mediated this longitudinal association. These findings extend the literature on the connection between education and health into an intergenerational process, speaking to a pressing public health issue—rising morbidity among adults in midlife—and the reproduction of inequality within families.
Bookshelf: Kappan authors on their favorite reads
Authors: Capretta Thomas , Boone Barbara
Published: April 2024

In this regular column, Kappan authors recommend books and articles that have influenced them. In the May Bookshelf, Thomas Capretta and Barbara Boone recommend Just Schools: Building Equitable Collaborations with Families and Communities by Ann Ishimaru. Lisa DaVia Rubenstein recommends Directing Actors by Judith Weston.
Good conflict
Authors: Fournel Jenna , Margolis Aleta
Published: April 2024

The capacity to navigate conflict and solve problems will persist as an essential skill of the future, even if today’s students will be doing jobs that haven’t been invented yet. What are we doing in schools right now to ensure students have these skills? For nearly a decade, a program called Speak Truth has taught students to use their voices, concerns, and capacity to build bridges as tools for understanding different viewpoints and collaborating to lead change.
Invigorating principal/assistant principal relationships
Authors: Gedde Sonja
Published: April 2024

Relationships between and among school administrative team members are critical components of school culture. They serve as a guidepost for the behaviors and attitudes of staff and students. To invigorate these relationships, three embodied practices have high yield not only for the relationships among administrators, but also for fostering a healthy school climate. These practices include intellectual work, communicative collaboration, and inspiration-seeking practices. Sonja Gedde, a high school assistant principal, describes how these practices have been central to the administrative team’s professional relationship with their principal.
First Person: Learning to have difficult conversations as a school leader
Authors: Grebenau Maury
Published: April 2024

One of the greatest challenges for school administrators is navigating the difficult conversations that come with the territory of the role. Maury Grebenau shares his own path as an administrator who feared such conversations to someone who embraces them.
Disaster Preparedness for Children With Food Allergies During the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake—Observational Study
Authors: Nagayoshi Mariko , Ogata Mika , Hirai Nami , Kido Jun
Published: April 2024

A series of 3 direct-type earthquakes with magnitude ≥6 occurred in the Kumamoto Prefecture, located in the western area of Japan, between April 14 and 16, 2016. Children with food allergies (FA) had difficulty procuring allergen-free meals during this period due to the infrastructure shutdown. We investigated the status of children with FA during the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake and their behavioral changes after the disaster. We conducted a survey of the parents of 59 children with FA (median: 4 years and 1 month old) who were clinically followed up at our institution. They were questioned about their behavior change to allergen removal and using allergen-free foods during the disaster. Forty-seven (79.7%) children with FA were evacuated immediately after the earthquake and returned to their homes after the restoration of lifelines. Most stayed in their cars, while a few took shelter at public evacuation sites. Thirty-eight children (64.4%) had difficulty obtaining allergen-free food, and 29 children with FA (49.2%) did not have a stockpile at home. Thirty-three children with FA (55.9%) consumed allergen-free foods acquired primarily through relief supplies. Forty-seven guardians (79.7%) insisted that stockpiling allergy-friendly foods at home should be a part of future disaster planning. Stockpiles of allergen-free food were not sufficient in most households. Awareness of self-stockpiling allergen-free foods, reassessing public stockpiling, and establishing a system to provide information regarding relief supplies to evacuees outside evacuation centers are important for disaster planning in children with FA.
How Consumer Photo Reviews and Online Platform Types Influence Luxury Hotel Booking Intentions Through Envy
Authors: Park Jee Yun , Lee Hye Eun
Published: April 2024

When booking hotels, travelers often rely on content created by other consumers to inform their decisions. This study examines the effect of consumer-generated photos of luxury hotels, specifically those that emphasize the quality of one’s experiences versus the quality of the hotel’s facilities, as well as the type of platform through which such photos are shared, such as social media versus review websites. Drawing on the Social Comparison Theory, this study aims to understand how these factors influence a consumer’s booking intention and overall attitude toward hotels by examining the role of envy. An online experiment employing a 2 (photo content: experience-focused vs. facility-focused) × 2 (platform type: Instagram vs. Tripadvisor) between-subjects design was conducted with 275 American adults. Results showed that photo content significantly influenced the levels of envy among consumers. Specifically, experience-focused photos generated significantly higher levels of envy than did facility-focused photos. Furthermore, envy fully mediated the relationship between photo content and consumer attitudes and behaviors. Both interaction and moderated mediation were found between photo content and platform type. This research contributes to the Social Comparison Theory and the corresponding literature on envy, specifically in the context of luxury hotel marketing and social media consumer behavior. Additionally, it offers practical insights for hotel online review managers to consider, such as which types of photo content and photo sharing platforms to prioritize in order to enhance business value.
Power short-term load forecasting based on fuzzy C-means clustering and improved locally weighted linear regression
Authors: Niu Shuqi , Zhang Zhao , Zhou Hongyan , Chen Xue-Bo
Published: April 2024

Power load forecasting is an important part of modern smart grid operation management. Accurate forecasting guides the efficient and stable operation of the power system. In this paper, a fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm and an improved locally weighted linear regression model are proposed for short-term power load forecasting. First, the fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm is used to cluster the power load. Make the power consumption behavior of load data of the same category similar and use the power consumption load data of the same category as the training sample. Then, to solve the problem of large calculation and insufficient fitting of the locally weighted linear regression model, the k-nearest neighbor range constraint is introduced into the model for daily load forecasting. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by a simulation example. Experimental results show that this method can effectively improve the accuracy and generalization ability of power load forecasting compared with other methods.
Thank You for Changing: Gratitude Promotes Autonomous Motivation and Successful Partner Regulation
Authors: Sisson Natalie M. , Park Yoobin , Overall Nickola C. , Park Haeyoung Gideon , Johnson Matthew D. , Stellar Jennifer E. , Le Bonnie M. , Impett Emily A.
Published: April 2024

Romantic partners often attempt to improve their relationship by changing each other’s traits and behaviors, but such partner regulation is often unsuccessful. We examined whether gratitude expressed by agents (i.e., partners requesting change) facilitates greater regulation success from targets (i.e., partners making change) by encouraging targets’ autonomous motivation. Across studies, including observational (Study 1, N = 111 couples), preregistered longitudinal (Study 2, N = 150 couples), and experimental (Study 3a, N = 431; Study 3b, N = 725) designs, agents’ gratitude for targets’ efforts was linked to greater targets’—and less consistently agents’—reported regulation success. These effects were consistently mediated by greater target autonomous motivation, and generally persisted when accounting for how agents communicated their change request and other positive responses to targets’ efforts (e.g., positivity and support). Gratitude for targets’ efforts appears to be an important tool for promoting change success.
You change the way you talk: Examining the network, toxicity and discourse of cross-platform users on Twitter and Parler during the 2020 US Presidential Election
Authors: Park Jaihyun , Yang JungHwan , Tolbert Amanda , Bunsold Katherine
Published: April 2024

This study examines code-switching behaviours of cross-platform social media users specifically between Twitter and Parler during the 2020 US Presidential Election. Utilising social identity theory as a framework, we examine messages related to voter fraud by users who migrated from Twitter to Parler following Twitter bans. Our analysis covers 38,798 accounts active on both platforms, analysing 1.5 million tweets and more than 100,000 parleys. The key findings of the study are as follows: First, we discovered differing levels of network homophily between high degree centrality and low-degree centrality cross-platform users, illustrating how individuals with varying degrees of influence engage differently across platforms. Second, we observed higher toxicity levels in heterogeneous networks, which include both in-group and out-group members, compared with homogeneous networks that are primarily composed of in-group members. This suggests the level of toxicity in online spaces correlates with the level of group diversity. Third, we found that cross-platform users created distinctive discourse community with in-group and out-group members, indicating that content and discussions within these networks are influenced by the social identity dynamics of the users. Our study contributes to the current research in political communication and information science by proposing comparative user analyses across multiple social media platforms. Focusing on a critical period of platform transition during a contentious political event, our study offers insights into the dynamics of online communities and the shifting nature of political language used by social media users.
Presence and Pronouns: An Exploratory Investigation into the Language of Social VR
Authors: DeVeaux Cyan , Markowitz David M. , Han Eugy , Miller Mark Roman , Hancock Jeffrey T. , Bailenson Jeremy N.
Published: April 2024

As social virtual reality (VR) continues to grow as a medium for digital communication, sustaining presence among communicators remains one of the main constructs that researchers and practitioners use to assess the quality of user experience. In the present paper, we explore language patterns as a behavioral link to presence. We accomplished this through an exploratory text analysis of over 4,800 min of conversation in social VR, consisting of over 130,000 spoken words from 126 participants. We observed that the use of self-references and collective references positively correlated to social presence and spatial presence. Furthermore, median interpersonal distance between communicators was positively associated with using impersonal pronouns, suggesting that participants who stood farther apart from their interlocutors tended to speak in more impersonal terms. Our work sheds light on the possible psychological mechanisms behind presence and the potential of using speech data to help build systems that enhance user engagement.
Missiological reflections on the “Nairobi Statement on worship and culture”
Authors: Krabill James R
Published: April 2024

The Lutheran World Federation invested considerable time and resources in the 1990s exploring the relationship between Christian worship and culture. As a result of their research, they have put forth the assertion in "The Nairobi Statement" that worship relates dynamically to culture in at least four ways: transcultural, contextual, counter-cultural and cross-cultural. Numerous position papers and several important publications have been generated by theologians, anthropologists, and liturgists exploring these matters, but missiologists have been largely missing from the conversation. This article attempts to engage in a much needed discussion with four missiologists who analyze the four areas identified and apply a missiological lens to the conversation. More papers and publications merit additional reflections by other missiologists on this important issue in the years ahead.
‘All for one and one for all?’ Business angel groups as collective action
Authors: Botelho Tiago , Mason Colin
Published: April 2024

Angel investing has been transformed over the past two decades into a collective endeavour as angels have increasingly organised themselves into professionally-managed angel groups. A key role of the manager, typically termed the gatekeeper, is to undertake the initial screening of investment opportunities that the group attracts. We examine this activity through the lens of collective action using principal-agent theory to understand whether the gatekeeper (agent) acts in the best interests of the members (principal). Our study examines the gatekeeper’s approach to initial screening. Two different data gathering techniques were used to collect evidence from 21 gatekeepers representing 19 angel groups. First, verbal protocol analysis, which involved gatekeepers ‘thinking out loud’ as they undertook the initial screening of a potential funding opportunity, indicated that the majority did consider the shared interests of the members of the group, although in many cases this comprised only a small proportion of their overall comments. This could indicate the potential for moral hazard; however, the interview questions demonstrate that the gatekeepers focus on actions which increase the benefits for members. This requires that gatekeepers have a strong social relationship with group members to match their investment preferences with the types of investment opportunities that they ‘screen in’.