bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Two Treatments to Enhance Academic Self-Concept among Low-Achieving Secondary School Students in China
Authors: Yang Lan , Watkins David
Published: March 2024

The present research focused on investigating the effectiveness of two treatments to enhance academic self-concept among low-achieving junior middle school students, who continue their learning in the secondary vocational education (SVE) system of China. The results demonstrated that the intervention delivered in natural classroom settings significantly enhanced English self-concept, the targeted facet of the academic self-concept. Moreover, the intervention did not change Chinese and Mathematics self-concepts (two control facets of academic self-concept) significantly, lending support to the multidimensional conceptualization of self-concept. It should be noted that the improvement in English achievement among the two experimental classes was statistically significant as well, providing more empirical evidence for the effectiveness of feedback intervention. Future use of the two treatments to enhance academic self-concepts in natural classroom settings is discussed.
Development of Theory of Mind in English-speaking Chinese Singaporean Preschoolers
Authors: Qu Li , Shen Pinxiu , Qianqian Fan
Published: March 2024

The current study examines Theory of Mind (ToM) development in English-speaking ethnically Chinese 3- to 6-year-old children raised in Singapore, a country influenced by both eastern and western cultures. All tasks were administered in English. Study 1 investigated the vertical development of ToM in 3- to 6-year-olds (N = 65) with five tasks, including diverse desires, diverse beliefs, knowledge access, content false-belief, and explicit false-belief tasks. Results revealed that like English-speaking preschoolers growing up in the West, English-speaking Chinese Singaporean preschoolers develop the understanding of diverse desires and diverse beliefs earlier than the understanding of knowledge access and false beliefs; however, contrary to previous findings in both the West and East, even 5-year-olds had not fully developed the understanding of false beliefs. Study 2 specifically examined the understanding of beliefs through the appearance-reality, deceptive pointing, false belief, and non-mental states control tasks. Results (N = 127) showed that in terms of the development of beliefs, English-speaking Chinese Singaporean preschoolers develop the understanding of the difference between appearance and reality earlier than deception, the understanding of false beliefs regarding location and content. In addition, Study 2 replicated the findings of Study 1 by showing that even 5 year old English-speaking Chinese Singaporean preschoolers had not fully developed the understanding of false beliefs. Together, these results suggest that the developmental pattern of ToM in English-speaking Chinese Singaporean children is unique, possibly reflecting a mix of East and West, and their unique linguistic experience.
Relation between Self-Esteem Instability and Expectation and Motivation After Failure Among Japanese University Students
Authors: Fukuzawa Ai , Yamaguchi Susumu
Published: March 2024

Previous studies have shown that people with unstable self-esteem react to failure in extrapunitive ways (Kernis, Cornell, Sun, Berry, & Harlow, 1993; Kernis, Grannemann, & Barclay, 1992). However, competitive situations in daily life often involve several tasks. Therefore, not only the relation between self-esteem instability and the reaction after one failure, but the relation between self-esteem instability and expectation and motivation for future tasks should also be examined. In addition, because extrapunitive reactions such as excuse making are not appropriate in Japanese culture, self-esteem instability may not be related to excuse making in this culture and may instead be related to alternative reactions after failure. Therefore, we hypothesized that at least among Japanese participants, self-esteem instability would be negatively related to expectations for future examinations. Sixty one undergraduate students (16 males and 45 females) participated in the survey. Self-esteem instability was not significantly related to excuse making. Rather, self-esteem instability was negatively related to expectations for the final examination, especially when self-evaluation of the midterm scores was low. On the other hand, self-esteem instability was not significantly related to the motivation to perform well on the final examination. We interpreted these findings as indicating that lowered expectations functioned as a tactic to prevent failure and promote ego protection.
Arts-Based Research in Cultural Mental Health
Authors: Colucci Erminia
Published: March 2024

Arts can be employed as a powerful tool to elicit thinking and discussion (thus generating and gathering data), as well as a means to report and disseminate findings. The arts have been used for decades in research and practice and they are increasingly being used, also because of a counter-movement to the dominance of positivist epistemologies. However, health sciences continue to be reticent toward embracing the application of art in research. This has resulted in limited art use even in disciplines such as Psychiatry and Psychology, which could arguably benefit most from such practices.
Work Motivation, Personality, and Culture: Comparing Australia and India
Authors: Mathew Trishita , Hicks Richard , Bahr Mark
Published: March 2024

The influences of motivation and personality in relation to performance have been examined extensively in the research literature, but there has been only limited attention given to the influence of these facets on performance across cultures. There is an increasing use of international resources and alliances aimed at better economic management in many global companies, but more needs to be known about how cultural issues are related to individual motivation, personality and perceptions of performance. Moreover, there are several theories of motivation, but the transferability of these theories to different cultures has been questioned. Thus, a model of motivation, personality characteristics and cultural differences influencing performance is proposed and will be tested in a cross-cultural comparison. Specifically, motivational influences, personality characteristics and cultural differences in Australia and India will be examined in relation to performance in two contexts, the first, in the educational setting dealing with students and their attitudes and approaches, and the second, in the workplace setting dealing with workers in their attitudes and approaches. It is hoped the findings will have both theoretical implications for the model of motivation-personality-culture- performance and practical implications for selection, training, development and compensation in dealing with a global workforce. The current paper reports the main basis for the research to come, outlining the importance of understanding the India-Australia similarities and differences in personality and motivation, and indicates what the implications for cross-cultural relationships are.
Attitudes Towards Youth Suicide: A Comparison Between Italian, Indian and Australian Students
Authors: Colucci Erminia , Minas Harry
Published: March 2024

There is a paucity of cross-cultural research on youth suicidal behaviour. An understanding of the cultural aspects of suicidal behaviour is essential for the development of culturally appropriate suicide prevention and intervention strategies. In this study, meanings, cultural representations, attitudes, values and beliefs regarding youth suicide were explored in 700 young Italians, Indians and Australians. Participants were University students (18-24 years old) from Italy, India and Australia. Participants had to be at least second generation, i.e. both they and their parents were born in the countries included in the study. Data collection was through completion of a questionnaire with structured and semi-structured questions (e.g. case vignettes, word associations, attitude scale, open-ended questions) and focus groups. In this proceedings, findings about the attitudes towards suicide focusing on the differences/similarities by country, gender, spiritual beliefs and suicide risk will be presented and the implications of the findings for suicide risk assessment and treatment will be discussed.
Diagnostic Value of Dermoscopic Structures in Predicting Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma in the Skin of Color
Authors: Khalili Maryam , Mirahmadi Sare , Shamsimeymandi Simin , Dabiri Shahriar , Amiri Rezvan , Rukerd Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh , Aflatoonian Mahin
Published: March 2024

Background:

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) manifests different dermoscopic patterns in individuals with dark skin complexion compared to those with fair skin types. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic utility of dermoscopy in discerning superficial BCC from other types of BCC, specifically in patients with dark skin complexion.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study focuses on patients diagnosed with BCC who were referred for skin biopsy between July 2020 and September 2022. Initially, the demographic characteristics of patients, clinical attributes of lesions, and pathological sub-types of BCC were documented. Subsequently, videodermoscopy was employed to capture comprehensive views and dermoscopic images of the lesions. Univariate logistic regression analysis was then utilized to assess the reliability of dermoscopic structures in distinguishing superficial BCC from other BCC types. Last, the study evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of dermoscopy in the differentiation of superficial BCC from other BCC sub-types.

Results:

The study enrolled 49 patients diagnosed with BCC, with a mean age of 66.22 ± 10.41 years. The most prevalent pathological sub-type observed was nodular (53.1%). Dermoscopy exhibited a higher specificity compared to the naked eye in the differentiation of superficial BCC from other types (55% vs. 35%, respectively). Univariate analysis revealed a significant association between spoke-wheel structures and superficial BCC (P = 0.02, odds ratio = 7.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.35–38.32).

Conclusion:

Dermoscopy exhibited superior specificity compared to the naked eye in differentiating superficial BCC from other BCC types. Notably, the spoke-wheel structure demonstrated the most robust correlation with superficial BCC.
Evaluation of IP3R3 Gene Silencing Effect on Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Enzyme Activity in Breast Cancer Cells with and Without Estrogen Receptor
Authors: Vaseghi Golnaz , Shariati Laleh , Najafi Majed Bahri , Malakootikhah Zahra , Esfahani Hajar Naji , Javanmard Shaghayegh Haghjooy
Published: March 2024

Background:

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), a critical calcium ion (Ca2+) regulator, plays a vital role in breast cancer (BC) metabolism. Dysregulated IP3R in BC cells can drive abnormal growth or cell death. Estradiol increases IP3R type 3 (IP3R3) levels in BC, promoting cell proliferation and metabolic changes, including enhanced pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity, which, when reduced, leads to cell apoptosis. The study silenced IP3R3 to assess its impact on PDH.

Materials and Methods:

The study used IP3R3 small interfering RNA (siRNA) to target Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Transfection success was confirmed by flow cytometry. Cell viability and gene silencing were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Protein expression and cellular activity were analyzed through western blotting and PDH activity measurement.

Results:

Transfecting MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells with IP3R3 siRNA achieved a 65% transfection rate without significant toxicity. IP3R3 gene silencing effectively reduced IP3R3 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels in both cell lines, leading to decreased PDH enzyme activity, especially in MDA-MB-231 cells.

Conclusion:

The study highlights a link between high IP3R3 gene silencing and reduced PDH activity, with higher IP3R3 expression in estrogen-independent (MDA-MB-231) compared to estrogen-dependent (MCF-7) cell lines. This suggests a potential impact on BC metabolism and tumor growth via regulation of PDH activity.
Modified versus Classical Tubularised Incised Plate Urethroplasty in Hypospadias
Authors: Abdullateef Khaled S. , Elbarbary Mohamed , Kaddah Sherif , Elezaby Belal Mosaad , Ragab Ahmed S. , Mohamed Wesam
Published: March 2024

Background:

Hypospadias is a wide-world congenital malformation that accounts for 1 of 300 live male births. Many procedures were considered for its management. As the tubularised incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty, the most prevalent technique, caused many complications, several modifications were applied to the original operation to improve the outcomes and alleviate complications.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of the ordinary TIP urethroplasty with the technique modified without dissection of the glans penis.

Patients and Methods:

A total of 82 patients with a mean age of 18.8 (±14.8) months, were randomly assigned to undergo TIP with either complete glans wings mobilisation (Group A, n = 42 patients) or without glans dissection (Group B, n = 40 patients). To evaluate the effect of modified TIP urethroplasty without glanular dissection for treatment of distal hypospadias in contrast to classical TIP repair.

Results:

Both techniques showed similar outcomes regarding functional repair, with good to excellent results between 88% and 90% after 6 months of follow-up. Most confronted post-operative complications were wound infection, oedema, urethrocutaneous fistulas and meatal stenosis. Less frequently haematoma, post-operative bleeding and glans dehiscence were encountered. The differences in complication rates between the two studied groups were statistically insignificant except for oedema (P = 0.04), and need for urethral dilatation (P = 0.002) that were more prevalent among patients who were treated with classic TIP repair with complete glans wings mobilisation.

Conclusion:

From our point of view, it seems that TIP without glanular dissection technique does not outweigh TIP with complete glans wings mobilisation regarding functional outcomes and post-operative complications.
Antenatally Detected Thoracic Lesions
Authors: Ali Md. Mokarram , Tank Nilesh , Bawa Monika
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Foetal thoracic lesions are uncommon, with the incidence of 1 in 15,000 live births. Antenatal monitoring of these lesions is required to prognosticate the parents about the postnatal outcome of the lesions and about the well-being of the baby. Foetal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the modalities to detect these lesions and follow-up during pregnancy and postnatally. Congenital pulmonary adenomatoid malformations (CPAM), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and bronchopulmonary sequestrations (BPS) are the commonly detected foetal thoracic lesions. Parameters such as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) volume ratio (CVR) and lung-to-head ratio (LHR) determine the prognosis of these lesions. With this background, we planned to study the prognosis and outcome of antenatally detected thoracic lesions.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective study carried out for 2 years (January 2017 to December 2018). Pregnant females with foetuses diagnosed to have thoracic lesions on the second- and third-trimester ultrasound and foetal MRI were enrolled for the study. CVR and LHR were noted. Outcomes were analysed in terms of the need of termination of pregnancy, foetal or neonatal demise and need of surgery or conservative management

Results:

Of a total of 521 pregnancies, thoracic lesions were detected in 22 (4.22%) cases. Individually, the incidence of each lesion was: CPAM-10 (45.45%), BPS-5 (22.73%), CDH-5 (22.73%) and congenital higher airway obstruction-2 (9.1%). Chromosomal screening was normal in 100% of cases. Follow-up was done for 2 years. Termination of pregnancy was required in 3 (13.64%) cases, postnatal death occurred in 4 (18.2%) cases, surgery was required in three cases of CDH soon after birth and two cases of extralobar BPS at 2 years of age. 10 (45.45%) cases were managed conservatively, who are doing well at 2-year follow-up.

Conclusion:

CPAMs, BPSs and CDH are the commonly detected antenatal thoracic lesions. Ultrasonography and MRI help detect and prognosticate the parents about the outcomes of these lesions. CVR and LHR with associated congenital malformations are important prognostic markers for these lesions. There is a need of long-term prospective studies to delineate the natural history of these lesions.
Effects of clomiphene citrate and anastrozole as a combination therapy for hypogonadism: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bagavathithasan Padmashobana , Dash Swati Sucharita , Venkatachalam Lakshmi , Shetye Vaishali Amol , Pankaj Shashwati , Bhate Jignesh , Rao Guruprasad K S
Published: March 2024

Clomiphene citrate (CC) and anastrozole (AZ) combination has been used off-label to improve spermatogenesis in male infertility. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of CC and AZ combination therapy in subfertile hypogonadal men. Studies were systematically searched and retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to May 19, 2021, using MeSH terms/keywords. Statistical analysis was performed using a random effects model, pooled risk ratio, and heterogeneity (I
2). The methodological quality of the studies was assessed utilizing the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and Moga tools. Overall, 37 studies were identified from a systematic search, and two studies that met the eligibility criteria were considered for quantitative synthesis. Treatment with combination therapy (CC + AZ) and monotherapy (CC) significantly increased the total testosterone (TT), bioavailable testosterone (BT), estradiol level, and testosterone/estradiol (T/E) ratio from baseline (P < 0.00001). In comparison with monotherapy, combination therapy increased TT (mean difference [MD]: 56.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 12.36, 100.22; P = 0.01) and BT (MD: 48.18; 95% CI, 8.19, 88.17; P = 0.02) levels in blood. Monotherapy elevated the estradiol level and decreased T/E ratio, whereas combination therapy reduced the estradiol (MD: -2.17; 95% CI, -59.89, 55.55; P = 0.94) level and optimized T/E ratio (MD: 3.64; 95% CI, -18.90, 26.18; P = 0.75). P-specific antigen and hematocrit levels were measured to evaluate the safety of combination and monotherapy. Combination therapy with CC and AZ was safe and well-tolerated in hypogonadal men.
Efficacy of angiotensin receptor blockers for erectile dysfunction in hypertensive men: A systematic review
Authors: Dash Swati Sucharita , Kothari Harshita K , Pankaj Shashwati , Venkatachalam Lakshmi , Bhate Jignesh , Rao Guruprasad K S
Published: March 2024

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a condition that affects many men, especially as they age, and is an indicator of an underlying health condition and is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. ED also causes significant psychological distress due to stress, anxiety, and low self-esteem related to reduced sexual activity and satisfaction. A high incidence of ED is known to be associated with men with hypertension and diabetes. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are newer-generation antihypertensive drugs elucidating a beneficial effect on erectile function compared to older-generation drugs. This study aimed to systematically review the literature to investigate the efficacy of ARBs compared to other classes of antihypertensive drugs in improving ED-related outcomes. A literature search was carried out in Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library databases, and other relevant sources to select clinical studies that compared the efficacy of ARBs with other antihypertensive drugs in men with concomitant hypertension and ED. Overall, twelve clinical studies comprising 11,672 hypertensive patients with ED were included. Analyses of the outcomes show that ARBs significantly reduce arterial pressure and improve erectile function, frequency of sexual activity, and overall satisfaction in patients. ARBs depress the process of oxidative stress and thus increase sexual desire among the patients with ED patients. Both monotherapy and combination therapies are beneficial for improving erectile function and compliance among patients.
Evaluation of the effect of Prithvi Mahabhuta (earth element) on intestinal transit time in Swiss albino mice
Authors: Moond Kamla , Vyas Hitesh , Baghel A. S. , Nariya Mukesh
Published: March 2024

Background:

Pugaphala (fruit of Areca catechu Linn.) and Udumbara Twaka (bark of Ficus glomerata Roxb.) are popular for their medicinal properties. Both drugs are used in a variety of compound formulations in Ayurveda. On the basis of their Rasa Panchaka (five factors of substance), pharmacognostical, and pharmaceutical research, Pugaphala and Udumbara Twaka were chosen as Prithvi Mahabhuta (earth element) dominant drugs in the current study.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of Prithvi Mahabhuta-dominating Dravya, Pugaphala, and Udumbara Twaka on intestinal transit time in Swiss albino mice.

Materials and methods:

A total of 18 Swiss albino mice were divided into three groups of six in each. Pugaphala and Udumbara Twaka were administered in mice in doses of 260 mg/kg and 520 mg/kg, respectively.

Results:

The result shows that both the drugs significantly reduce intestinal motility due to their Guna (properties) as Ruksha (dry), Vishada (nonslimy), Sthira (stable), Sheeta (cold), and Kashaya Rasa (astringent taste) of Prithvi Mahabhuta; however, Udumbara sample is found to be more efficient.

Conclusion:

The dominance of Prithvi Mahabhuta is thus confirmed by pharmacological studies in both Pugaphala and Udumbara Twaka, and it is also confirmed that Udumbara Twaka has more Parthiva dominancy than Pugaphala Churna. The Stambhana effect of Prithvi Mahabhuta on intestinal motility can be assessed by latency of onset of white-colored fecal matter in mice.
Pharmacokinetic analysis of Tulasi Swarasadi Taila administered through Nasya (therapeutic nasal administration) and oral route in albino rats
Authors: Kumar Tarun , Panigrahi Balaji , Nariya Mukesh , Thakar Anup
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Tulasi Swarasadi Taila(medicated oil) is a medicated oil that has been indicated forNasya(therapeutic nasal administration) and oral administration to alleviate diseases likePratishyaya(allergic rhinitis). The drug has been widely used through intranasal and oral routes for the management of various diseases. However, its pharmacokinetic analysis has been unexplored which urges improved methods of standardization.

Aim:

The study was conducted to understand the pharmacokinetic profile ofTulasi Swarasadi Tailaadministered throughNasya(nasal) and oral routes in albino rats.

Materials and methods:

Tulasi Swarasadi Tailawas administered in a single dose of 0.54 ml/kg through theNasyaroute and 1.8 ml/kg through the oral route to the healthy Wistar strain albino rats. The serum was collected at different time intervals and estimated by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy analysis for the separation of volatile substances and identification of the unknown compounds.

Results:

There were arachidic acid, icosamethylcyclodecasiloxane, tridecane, eugenol, and many other compounds present in the serum after administration ofTulasi Swarasadi Taila, that were absent initially at the baseline.

Conclusion:

Tulasi Swarsadi Tailais absorbed in systemic circulation from oral andNasyaroutes in rats. However, the pattern of the presence of phytoconstituents in serum varied at different time intervals in the cases of both routes of drug administration in albino rats.
Transcranial direct current stimulation alleviates cognitive impairment and neurological dysfunction after stroke: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Huang Kaiqi , Yang Caihong , Xin Rong , Yu Xianxian , Peng Yang , Wang Pu , Zhang Junmei
Published: March 2024

Cognitive impairment is common in stroke patients. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising tool for alleviating cognitive impairment and altering cerebral cortex excitability. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether tDCS improves cognitive impairment after stroke by altering cortical activation. We recruited 30 post-stroke patients and 30 healthy individuals. We placed the anodes on the F3 and Fp2 electrodes with an intensity of 2 mA to observe changes in cortical activation during the N-back task in patients with cognitive impairment following stroke. Changes in cortical activation were observed with functional near-infrared spectroscopy during the N-back task in patients with cognitive impairment following stroke. Cognitive function was impaired after stroke; cortical activation in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) during the N-back task decreased after stroke. Cognitive function and cortical activation in the left VLPFC during the N-back task increased after tDCSs in post-stroke patients, and reaction time changes during the N-back task were significantly correlated with changes in cortical activation in the left VLPFC and Montreal Cognitive Assessment after tDCSs. Cognitive impairment is common after a stroke, and deactivation of the left VLPFC can be used as a neural marker of cognitive impairment. tDCS is an effective technology that can improve cognitive function and cortical activation in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment.
Standardization and Clinical Use of a Single-vial Formulation of Technetium-99m-Trodat Using Autoclave Method
Authors: Thakur Riptee , Nagaraj Chandana , Joshi Raman Kumar , Saini Jitender , Yadav Ravi , Kumar Pardeep
Published: March 2024

Background:

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. SPECT imaging using technetium-99m [99mTc] labeled trodat is the choice of imaging to differentiate PD from its other forms like drug-induced PD. Aims and Objectives: The main objective of our study was to prepare in-house sterile formulation of [99mTc]Tc-trodat and use in clinics.

Materials and Methods:

The labeling of trodat was standardized using glucoheptonate sodium salt (GHA), stannous chloride dihydrate (in 0.05 N HCl), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Na-EDTA). The preparation was mixed and autoclaved at 15 psi for 15 min. The standardised formulation was stored at 4°C, -20°C and -80°C and labeling with 99mTc was tested for up to 6 days. The radiochemical purity, chemical impurities, and endotoxin levels were tested. The frozen formulation was tested in swiss mice (n = 3) for biodistribution studies at 4 h. Around 18 ± 2 mCi was injected intravenously in each patient (n = 5) and the image was acquired at 4 h post-injection.

Results:

The radiochemical purity of the preparation was 98.3 ± 1.4% with a retention time of 16.8 ± 1.5 min as compared to 4.0 ± 0.5 min for free 99mTc. Animal distribution showed highest uptake in liver and dual excretion via hepatobiliary and renal system. [99mTc]Tc-trodat imaging was able to differentiate both caudate and putamen. Conclusions: In-house frozen preparation was advantageous, as it has decreased the chance of manual error as compared to daily make up formulations and economical as compared to commercially available kits.
Nanobots in Cancer Treatment – Framing Lung Cancer
Authors: Pradeep Prasobh , Sonia M. Maria Lumina , Kizhakkepeedika Rennis Davis
Published: March 2024

Cancer, with each year, has been turning into one of the most catastrophic and most complex diseases. Techniques such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, which are often bound by pain and side effects are used, using different varieties of drugs. As we have sailed along these years, the world has shown a static increase in lung cancer, especially in people who have their habits inclined into different drugs. These patients, who fail miserably with breathing difficulties, gets their conditions worsen, with these predominantly used treatment methods. As an alternative, nanomaterials could be the future technique which could be, much safer and more effective than the prevalent therapies that exist today. Nanomaterials, as scientists say, have been a revolution in the medical field, over the past decade. The primary objective of these nanomaterials in Lung Cancer treatment is to target and eliminate the metastasis which is been created in the lungs. This can be done using specially designed robots at the nano-scale level, called “Nanobots.” These bots could be made of both organic and inorganic materials in the nanoscale. Usually, in case of cancer treatment, the organic materials like the parts of DNA and RNA along with some compounds are used in its manufacturing. These bots are designed to work in two states, the OFF State and the ON state, which gets shifted when the clamshell coincides with the cancerous cells. Since nanobots can be managed using complicated programming techniques, it can also be used to detect any secondary disease present in the individual’s body. In this project, we will see insights into how nanobots could potentially work to eliminate the cancerous cells in the lungs.
Analysis of Major Lobe Volume and Asymmetry of the Brain by Gender: A vol2Brain Study
Authors: Celik Nihal Gurlek , Tiryaki Saban
Published: March 2024

Objective:

In recent years, with the use of three-dimensional (3D) software tools, volumetric measurements of brain morphometry have gained importance. In this study, we aim to investigate the ratio of the volumes of the major structures of the brain (frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes) to the volume of the intracranial cavity (ICC) and the change of asymmetry according to gender, using web-based vol2Brain, which is one of the current and automatic software tools.

Materials and Methods:

3D-T1-weighted magnetic resonance images of 80 healthy individuals (43 females and 37 males) of both genders were included in our study. The volumes of major brain lobes were calculated with the vol2Brain pipeline software tool and their ratio to ICC was compared by gender.

Results:

Males ICC volume, frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobe total volume values were statistically higher than females (P < 0.05). Similarly, the right and left volume values of male were higher than those of female in all measurements. However, when the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobe volumes of male and female were proportion to the ICC volume, there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the asymmetry results of these cortical structures examined in both genders (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:

Although the male brain is known to be large, no difference was found between the male and female brains as a result of the ratio. Considering the asymmetry values, frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobe volume asymmetry values did not differ statistically in both genders.
An Unusual Presentation of Heterotaxy Syndrome
Authors: Navbir Pasricha , Eti Sthapak
Published: March 2024

Heterotaxy is a pattern of anatomical organization of the thoracoabdominal organs in a manner, which is not the usual or normal arrangement. It is classically subdivided into the subsets of asplenia and polysplenia syndrome. Here, we present our findings in a female cadaver which do not conform to the usual subset of asplenia or polysplenia, and in fact, showed hyposplenia with a subhepatic cecum and bilateral bilobed lungs. Polysplenia has traditionally been thought to be associated with anomalies of intestinal rotation. The incidence is not known, but they are collectively termed malrotation and include nonrotation, incomplete, or the rare reversed rotation. Asplenia is also documented with a high degree of abdominal heterotaxy. This particular case does not conform to the traditional classification of asplenia or polysplenia. Features suggestive of polysplenia, in this case, are bilateral bilobed lungs and situs ambiguous. In concordance with asplenia, it has a spleen of reduced size and a large liver with extra lobation, which shows that it does not confine to a single subset. It is suggested that a separate entity of hyposplenia may also be considered, that warrants further research.
Surgical Significance of Variant Anatomy of Inferior Mesenteric Artery and Left Colic Artery: A Computed Tomography Angiographic Study
Authors: Moonis Mariam , Sehgal Garima , Parihar Anit , Gupta Vivek , Manik Punita
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

A variation in vessel morphology determines flow dynamics and vascular disease pathogenesis. Definite information on the distinctive anatomical variations of the mesenteric vessels is extremely important for laparoscopic surgical procedures and interventional radiological procedures in the abdominal region. Three-dimensional-computed tomography angiography (3D-CTA) is a less invasive method to evaluate vascular anatomy using a visual tracking method on high-definition images, contrast-enhanced inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) can be traced to its terminal branches beside the colon wall.

Subjects and Methods:

Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan data from 180 patients was retrospectively collected, reconstructed, and analyzed. The origin, length of IMA from origin to the first branch, branching patterns of IMA, and tracking patterns of the ascending branch of left colic artery (LCA), were examined, and their associations with clinical features were analyzed.

Results:

IMA displayed variations in the level of origin ranging from upper 1/3 of L3 to upper 1/3 of L4, mean length from origin to the first branch was 27.4 ± 7.8 mm. Observed branching patterns of IMA were grouped according to Yada classification: Type 1 (52.2%), Type 2 (15.5%), Type 3 (14.4%), and Type 4 (17.7%). Tracking of the ascending branch of LCA before anastomosis with marginal artery revealed four patterns: Type A LCA pattern in 43.9%; Type B LCA anatomy pattern was (19.4%); Type C LCA anatomy pattern was (20.0%); and Type D LCA anatomy pattern was observed (16.7%).

Conclusion:

Preoperative understanding of the vascular variations of IMA and LCA can be obtained by 3D-CTA. This may be helpful to surgeons in planning preoperative strategies to prevent iatrogenic injuries.
Pulmonary Aspergillosis Associated with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-positive Vasculitis Involving Skin and Peripheral Nerves
Authors: Rao Abhijith Rajaram , Rishan Mohamed , Jaladhar Prakruthi , Adhikari Prabha
Published: March 2024

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is the most common cause of invasive fungal infection. Vasculitis secondary to bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections is documented in the literature. There are no reported cases of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-positive vasculitis secondary to pulmonary aspergillosis. Here, we present a case of pulmonary aspergillosis who developed ANCA-positive vasculitis.
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia Transitioning to Atrial Fibrillation in an Octogenarian
Authors: Ekambaranath Nishanth Somashekar , Mathew Betsy
Published: March 2024

Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) is an arrhythmia frequently seen in the elderly whose prevalence increases with aging. These arrhythmias may eventually lead to more chaotic arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation (AF) and flutter. MAT is frequently mistaken for AF in electrocardiogram (ECG). The importance of differentiating MAT from AF is that the former requires no anticoagulation and, therefore, avoids the risks associated with their administration. It is also important to realize that the elderly have multiple conditions such as senile tremors and Parkinson’s disease which may cause mechanical movement artifacts in resting ECGs mimicking cardiac arrhythmias leading to incorrect interpretation of ECGs. Educating physicians about the electrocardiographic appearance of atrial dysrhythmias and the recognition of the confounding artifacts can prevent unnecessary use of treatment which could potentially cause adverse effects in the patient.
The psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Demoralization Scale (DS-II) in women with breast cancer
Authors: Foroughi Aliakbar , Khanjani Sajad , Soleymani Moghadam Mahboobeh , Parvizifard Aliakbar
Published: March 2024

Background:

Demoralization is a syndrome of existential distress and despair in patients with cancer and other severe medical illnesses. The Demoralization Scale (DS-II) is self-administered and contains 16 items, and it has two factors: meaning and purpose and distress and coping ability.

Materials and Methods:

Women with breast cancer (240) completed the scales DS-II, positive and negative affect, state hope, patient health, and quality of life. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and divergent and convergent validity were used to measure the construct validity of DS-II. CFA was chosen to check the fit of the two-factor model. Divergent and convergent validity were investigated using Pearson’s correlation test. The reliability of DS-II was evaluated by the internal consistency method. Cronbach’s alpha was used to calculate the internal consistency of the DS-II.

Results:

The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the subscales of meaning and purpose, distress and coping ability, and the total score was obtained: 0.67, 0.72, and 0.81, respectively, indicated this scale’s good reliability. Furthermore, the Pearson correlation coefficient results showed the appropriate convergent validity and good divergent validity of the DS-II.

Conclusion:

The DS-II has sound psychometric properties and can be recommended as a reliable tool for assessing demoralization in women with breast cancer.
Ozone rectal insufflation mitigates chronic rapid eye movement sleep deprivation-induced cognitive impairment through inflammation alleviation and gut microbiota regulation in mice
Authors: Cheng Jie , Williams John P. , Zhou Li , Wang Peng-Cheng , Sun Li-Na , Li Rui-Hua , An Jian-Xiong
Published: March 2024

A range of sleep disorders has the potential to adversely affect cognitive function. This study was undertaken with the objective of investigating the effects of ozone rectal insufflation (O3-RI) on cognitive dysfunction induced by chronic REM sleep deprivation, as well as elucidating possible underlying mechanisms. O3-RI ameliorated cognitive dysfunction in chronic REM sleep deprived mice, improved the neuronal damage in the hippocampus region and decreased neuronal loss. Administration of O3-RI may protect against chronic REM sleep deprivation induced cognitive dysfunction by reversing the abnormal expression of Occludin and leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome as well as interleukin-1β in the hippocampus and colon tissues. Moreover, the microbiota diversity and composition of sleep deprivation mice were significantly affected by O3-RI intervention, as evidenced by the reversal of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes abundance ratio and the relative abundance of the Bacteroides genus. In particular, the relative abundance of the Bacteroides genus demonstrated a pronounced correlation with cognitive impairment and inflammation. Our findings suggested that O3-RI can improve cognitive dysfunction in sleep deprivation mice, and its mechanisms may be related to regulating gut microbiota and alleviating inflammation and damage in the hippocampus and colon.
Incidence and risk factors of myelosuppression of linezolid in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis: A scoping review
Authors: Putra Oki Nugraha , Purnamasari Telly
Published: March 2024

Background:

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) poses a significant global health challenge, requiring prolonged treatment with multiple second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. Among these medications, bedaquiline and linezolid have shown promising outcomes. However, the primary adverse effects of linezolid leading to dose reduction or early discontinuation is myelosuppression.

Methods:

This study involved a comprehensive review to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of linezolid-induced myelosuppressionin patients with DR-TB in bedaquiline-based regimens. Furthermore, the procedure adhered to the Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline for a scoping review.

Results:

The results showed that nine cohort studies met the inclusion criteria. Among the 3310 DR-TB patients in these studies, 661 (19.9%) had HIV. The incidence of myelosuppression ranged from 5.1% to 49.0%, with anemia being the most prevalent case, ranging from 2.9% to 39.0%. According to the reports, linezolid interruption, such as dose adjustments or complete discontinuation ranged from 20.5% to 23.6%. Myelosuppression occurred within a period less than three months on average. Several factors were identified as influencing myelosuppression (anemia) in DR-TB patients within these regimens, including age ≥ 60, concurrent treatment with zidovudine in HIV positive patients, and linezolid concentrations > 2 mg/L. No studies reported mortality cases associated with linezolid.

Conclusions:

The incidence of myelosuppression was relatively high in DR-TB patients with regimen containing linezolid. Anemia was the most prevalent symptom of myelosuppression during treatment, leading to early discontinuation of linezolid. It indicates that hematologic parameter should be closely supervised, especially in patients with risk factors during linezolid treatment.
X-ray body Part Classification Using Custom CNN
Authors: S R Reeja , J Sangameswar , Joju Solomon Joseph , Gangula Mrudhul Reddy , S Sujith
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION: This work represents a significant step forward by harnessing the power of deep learning to classify X-ray images into distinct body parts. Over the years X-ray pictures were evaluated manually.
OBJECTIVE: Our aim is to automate X-ray interpretation using deep learning techniques.
METHOD: Leveraging cutting-edge frameworks such as FastAI and TensorFlow, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has been meticulously trained on a dataset comprising DICOM images and their corresponding labels.
RESULT: The results achieved by the model are indeed promising, as it demonstrates a remarkable ability to accurately identify various body parts. CNN shows 97.38% performance by compared with other classifiers.
CONCLUSION: This innovation holds the potential to revolutionize medical diagnosis and treatment planning through the automation of image analysis, marking a substantial leap forward in the field of healthcare technology.
Fabrication of Core-Shell Structured Ni-Based Alloy Nanopowder by Electrical Wire Explosion Method
Authors: Lee A-Young , Lee Gwang-Yeob , Oh Hye-Ryeong , Kim Hyeon-Ah , Kim Song-Yi , Lee Min-Ha
Published: March 2024

Electrical wire explosion in liquid media is a promising method for producing metallic nanopowders. It is possible to obtain high-purity metallic nanoparticles and uniform-sized nanopowder with excellent dispersion stability using this electrical wire explosion method. In this study, Ni-Fe alloy nanopowders with core-shell structures are fabricated via the electrical explosion of Ni-Fe alloy wires 0.1 mm in diameter and 20 mm in length in de-ionized water. The size and shape of the powders are investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and laser particle size analysis. Phase analysis and grain size determination are conducted by X-ray diffraction. The result indicate that a core-shell structured Ni-Fe nanopowder is synthesized with an average particle size of approximately 28 nm, and nanosized Ni core particles are encapsulated by an Fe nanolayer.
Гамильтонова теория движения темных солитонов в теории нелинейного уравнения Шредингера
Authors: Kamchatnov Anatolii Mikhailovich
Published: March 2024

Развит метод вывода уравнений Гамильтона, описывающих динамику солитонов при их движении по неоднородному и изменяющемуся со временем крупномасштабному фону для нелинейных волновых уравнений, полностью интегрируемых в схеме Абловица-Каупа-Ньюэлла-Сигура. Метод основан на развитии старых соображений Стокса, позволяющих продолжать аналитически соотношения для линейных волн в солитонную область, и реализован практически на примере дефокусирующего нелинейного уравнения Шредингера. Сформулировано условие, при котором учет внешнего потенциала необходим только при описании эволюции фона, и для этого случая получено уравнение Ньютона для динамики солитона с учетом внешнего потенциала.
Studies on the production of tigernut (Cyperus esculentus L.) in Southeastern Nigeria, I: Effect of seven complementary fertilizer treatments on growth and yield of tigernut in pot
Authors: Baiyeri Kayode Paul , Akachukwu Ihechiluru , Okonkwo Onyinye Joy , Ezugwu Uchenna Immaculata
Published: March 2024

Tigernuts have so many food and medicinal potentials as it contains some amount of vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals. Despite the food and health benefits associated with this tuber, its production in southern Nigeria is at an abysmal level probably due to lack of knowledge for its production or utility. This experiment was conducted at the University of Nigeria Teaching and Research Farm to evaluate the effect of seven complementary fertilizer treatments on the growth and yield of tigernut. The experiment is an attempt to develop appropriate agronomic practice that will assure regular cultivation culture. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with seven fertilizer treatments and replicated 10 times. Treatments were NPK 15:15:15 (300 kg/ha), NPK 20:10:10 (300 kg/ha), poultry manure, PM, (5 t/ha), NPK 15:15:15 (150 kg/ha) + 3 t/ha PM, NPK 20:10:10 (150 kg/ha) + 3 t/ha PM, K-nitrate (100 kg/ha) + Ca-nitrate (100 kg/ha) + 2.5 t/ha PM and control (No fertilizer application). Fertilizer treatments significantly (p < 0.05) influenced growth and yield parameters except fresh weight of leaves, length of longest root and weight of seed planted. Significantly (p < 0.05) superior values of growth and yield parameters were obtained in plants grown with NPK 15:15:15 (300 kg/ha), followed closely by the application of NPK 20:10:10 at 150 kg/ha plus 3 t/ha PM. This study recommends application of NPK 15:15:15 (300 kg/ha) or the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer (NPK 20:10:10 at 150 kg/ha plus 3 t/ha PM) to boost the yield and growth of tigernut.