bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomarker Changes after Strenuous Exercise Can Mimic Pulmonary Embolism and Cardiac Injury—A Metaanalysis of 45 Studies
Authors: Sedaghat-Hamedani Farbod , Kayvanpour Elham , Frankenstein Lutz , Mereles Derliz , Amr Ali , Buss Sebastian , Keller Andreas , Giannitsis Evangelos , Jensen Katrin , Katus Hugo A , Meder Benjamin
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND

Biomarkers are well established for diagnosis of myocardial infarction [cardiac troponins, high-sensitivity cardiac troponins (hs-cTn)], exclusion of acute and chronic heart failure [B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP)] and venous thromboembolism (d-dimers). Several studies have demonstrated acute increases in cardiac biomarkers and altered cardiac function after strenuous sports that can pretend a cardiovascular emergency and interfere with state-of-the-art clinical assessment.

METHODS

We performed a systematic review and metaanalysis of biomarker and cardiovascular imaging changes after endurance exercise. We searched for observational studies published in the English language from 1997 to 2014 that assessed these biomarkers or cardiac function and morphology directly after endurance exercise. Of 1787 identified abstracts, 45 studies were included.

RESULTS

Across all studies cardiac troponin T (cTnT) exceeded the cutoff value (0.01 ng/mL) in 51% (95% CI, 37%–64%) of participants. The measured pooled changes from baseline for high-sensitivity cTnT (hs-cTnT) were +26 ng/L (95% CI, 5.2–46.0), for cTnI +40 ng/L (95% CI, 21.4; 58.0), for BNP +10 ng/L (95% CI, 4.3; 16.6), for NT-proBNP +67 ng/L (95% CI, 49.9; 84.7), and for d-dimer +262 ng/mL (95% CI, 165.9; 358.7). Right ventricular end diastolic diameter increased and right ventricular ejection fraction as well as the ratio of the early to late transmitral flow velocities decreased after exercise, while no significant changes were observed in left ventricular ejection fraction.

CONCLUSIONS

Current cardiovascular biomarkers (cTnT, hs-cTnT, BNP, NT-proBNP, and d-dimer) that are used in clinical diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, acute coronary syndrome, and heart failure are prone to alterations due to strenuous exercise. Hence, it is necessary to take previous physical exercise into account when a cardiac emergency is suspected.
Cannabinoid Concentrations Detected in Fatal Road Traffic Collision Victims Compared with a Population of Other Postmortem Cases
Authors: Andrews Rebecca , Murphy Kevin G , Nahar Limon , Paterson Sue
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND

Acute cannabis consumption nearly doubles the risk of motor vehicle collision resulting in injury or death. Limited data have been published regarding the concentrations of cannabinoids associated with fatal road traffic collisions (RTCs), and these have not previously been compared to a population of other postmortem cases.

METHODS

We conducted analysis for cannabinoids [Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-hydroxy-THC, 11-nor-THC-9-carboxylic acid, cannabidiol, and cannabinol], drugs, and alcohol on consecutive fatal RTC cases (100) and non-RTC cases (114) from coroners' jurisdictions in London and southeast England and compared the data.

RESULTS

The incidence of cannabinoids detected in non-RTC and RTC cases was similar (25% vs 21%, P = 0.44), but THC was detected more frequently (90% vs 59%, P = 0.01) and at significantly higher concentrations in the cannabinoid-positive RTC cases than the non-RTC cases (P = 0.01). The distribution of non-RTC and RTC cases over 4 categories of THC concentration was significantly different (P = 0.004). There was no significant difference in the concentrations of other cannabinoids detected between the 2 groups. Cannabinoids were detected in more fatal RTC cases (21) than alcohol >80 mg/dL (17). Detection of other drugs was low compared to cannabis and alcohol.

CONCLUSIONS

These first data on the concentrations of cannabinoids in the postmortem blood of fatal RTC victims compared with a population of other routine coroners' cases highlight the importance of specifically measuring THC concentrations in the blood to aid interpretation of postmortem cases where cannabis may be implicated.
Reviews
Authors: Ritchie Jane
Published: August 2015

Design Thinking for Visual Communication, Gavin Ambrose and Paul Harris (2015) 2nd ed. London: Bloomsbury, 192 pp., ISBN: 9781472572714, p/bk, £23.99
Open Studios is the beginning of a conversation: Creating critical and reflective learners through innovative feedback and assessment in Fine Art
Authors: Pollock Venda Louise , Alden Sandy , Jones Chris , Wilkinson Brenda
Published: August 2015

In recent years, increased attention has been paid to feedback and assessment in Fine Art. This has revealed a need for the pedagogic culture of Art and Design subjects to be better understood, particularly from the perspective of the student experience. Accordingly, this article presents findings from a Higher Education Academyfunded project that investigated feedback and assessment within creative practice through a case study of Newcastle University’s Open Studios (OS) feedback and assessment model. Through this we argue that multifaceted feedback models best address some of the problems surrounding the feedback–assessment relationship in studio-based disciplines, particularly assisting students to develop the critical and reflective capacities on which much studio-based tuition is built. Within this, however, careful consideration needs to be made of the power relationships in studio dialogues. Unlike traditional academic disciplines, the research revealed a premise placed on feedback rather than grades within Fine Art where, as the students put it ‘it’s more about building a practice’.
The influence of MOOCs to enhance graphic design education
Authors: McNamara Patrick
Published: August 2015

There is increased pressure on higher education (HE) graphic design lecturers to provide a more engaged platform for the evolving digitally engrossed student. This article explores Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) as an educational experiment to help envision changes in HE design teaching. MOOCs have presented aspects of a plausible, although unresolved, online teaching model that has challenged many long-held beliefs of learning and teaching. This investigation considers aspects of MOOCs and their capacity to drive innovation in design education. It will analyse how these features might alleviate some of the pressures on teachers and enable a deeper dialectic in the learning space. I will argue that the importance of this study rests in the questions it raises about the capacity for design education to exploit the benefits of this ‘massive’ experiment.
Leading creative practice pedagogy futures
Authors: Peterson J. Fiona , Frankham Noel , McWhinnie Louise , Forsyth Graham
Published: August 2015

Higher education is experiencing substantial change, with considerable debate regarding the potential of technology within learning and teaching. Whilst technology is driving pedagogic change, there are two key challenges for educators in the creative arts. Maintaining the distinctiveness of the studio learning and teaching experience is paramount for creative practice outcomes. At the same time, direction setting is vital for contemporary and emerging creative practice pedagogy. We suggest that responding to these challenges requires a collaborative action research approach for leaders of learning and teaching, and an effective model of leadership for changing practice. A new integrated model is proposed, drawing upon creative leadership and appreciative enquiry frameworks, for developing and implementing a new technological learning paradigm. The article highlights the important role that learning and teaching leaders can play, through collegial and strategic collaboration across institutions, in shaping creative practice pedagogy futures. It is offered as a provocation for exploration and wider discussion on the issues, possibilities and implications of contemporary models – for learning and teaching and its leadership.
A hipster history: Towards a postcritical aesthetic
Authors: Hill Wes
Published: August 2015

The pejorative term ‘hipster’ has been prominent in popular culture since the early 2000s, typically used in reference to connoisseurs, elites, poseurs, or anyone who is unaware of their own pretentiousness. As cultural stereotypes, hipsters have been allied with a striking diversity of aesthetic forms over the last twenty years, so much so that the trope has less to do with a specific aesthetic style and more to do with the attempt to foster a counter-mainstream sensibility. In this article, I provide an historical backdrop to the rise of the postpostmodern hipster, locating its emergence in the global spread of culture in the 1990s. I argue that the current pervasiveness of so-called ‘hipster hate’ – visible on the Internet and on social media platforms such as Twitter – is exemplary of a post-critical perspective, where the hipster stereotype serves as a point of distinction that reinforces the ideologies of cultural pluralism.
The ambiguity of seamlessness: The Skin Ego and the materiality of fashion
Authors: Lee Yeseung
Published: August 2015

This article examines the materiality of fashion and the role it plays in the continuous making of personal and social subjectivities, through the author’s own experience of making seamless woven garments. Psychoanalyst Didier Anzieu’s influential notion of ‘the Skin Ego’ theorizes the initial formation of human subjectivity based on the tactile interaction between the mothering environment and the baby. As a garment maker, the author analyses the woven surface or garment as the extension of the Skin Ego, and inquires into the ways that the ‘separation’ from the earliest relationship and the unending attempt to repair this ‘cut’, might become figured in the ambiguity that is found in the seams and edges of garments. Integrating references from the fields of psychoanalysis, anthropology and cultural studies, this article suggests that the process of making and using garments – regarded as the interaction between human and material, as well as interpersonal, interaction – successfully reveals the ambiguities inherent in modern subjectivity.
What is she wearing? Gender division and the dilemmas of female agency in television news
Authors: Bliss Catherine
Published: August 2015

Patricia Holland’s essay ‘When a woman reads the news’ first appeared in 1987. In this text, Holland extended feminist visual culture theory into the discussion of women in television and highlighted how female newsreaders were subject to scrutiny as to their appearance. The purpose of this article to revisit the subject in a contemporary context in order to examine why this emphasis on physical appearance, and especially attire, still exists some three decades later.

In order to discuss the sartorial dilemmas that women in news media face, in particular in the digital era when praise or censure can be immediately communicated, the article uses semiotic deconstructions of three specific broadcasts, BBC Breakfast and The Six O’Clock News and Channel 4 News, to consider how dress operates as part of a discourse of power and gender reinforcement. The article also offers three strategies, which women newsreaders appear to adopt in their attire in order to deal with the perceived issue of femininity and its appropriateness in the context of the newsroom. The larger implications of the article are that feminist efforts towards less focus on women’s appearance and attire could be seen to have had little effect, however, Judith Butler’s post-feminist writings offer an alternative perspective whereby femininity is reconfigured as a positive rather than a negative attribute.
A collaborative development of an artistic responsive fashion collection
Authors: Pesonen Liisa , Wikström Valtteri , Mikkonen Jussi
Published: August 2015

This article focuses on the merging of technology, media art and fashion design in a specific project, Immediate Invisible (2013). Immediate Invisible was a collaborative fashion-collection project. The result consists of six modular outfits with built-in electronics for displaying physiological responses as audio output. The idea plays with a recurring theme in fashion: revealing and concealing, which is also linked with the increasing use of sensors in contemporary everyday life.

The process of making Immediate Invisible is described from the point of view of the artist and expert’scollaboration, by presenting e.g. selected materials, technology and sound, and how they affected one anotherwhen merged to create the outcome: ‘a hearing device for the body’. Exquisite Corpse by Friswell (2010), isused as a metaphor for the collaborative design method, where all disciplines had equal value in creating themodular and functional outcome. An examination of the tangible outcome is presented as the findings. Theneeds of different disciplines affected each other both as limitations and as artistic input. The project differsfrom other similar wearable projects with its modularity, and from conventional fashion due to the use ofresponsive sound as an inherent part of its aesthetics.
The unravelling of the uncivil state: Iraq and the imposition of sectarian governance
Authors: Ismael Tareq Y.
Published: August 2015

The era of American hegemony over the Arab state system beginning in 1990 has witnessed the exhaustion of Arab nationalism, destruction of the republican states influenced by its formalized ideological praxis, and the routine denial of universal human rights and Arab self-determination. Of parallel concern to this humanitarian calamity, the period has been marked by the growth of militarized non-state actors and the promotion of sectarian political identities. These phenomena are the result of policy choices, often exercised by outside power, or local elites aligned with outside power, that have driven radicalization and subverted inter-communal comity, thwarting the potential for political legitimacy at the national level. When alloyed together these phenomena, fastened as they are to Pax Americana, delineate a chaos marked by the absence of political leadership at all levels. This chaos confronts both the few remaining regional actors continuing to manage functional state institutions and those who possess some measure of political legitimacy and who attempt statebuilding, with a necessary focus on bringing order beyond their domains. Building social comity and economic development in the absence of political institutions will require a regional solution that invites the participation of all actors and the redress of legitimate grievances. The alternative, whereby greater militarized intervention and increased radicalization exploit sectarian logics, will result in expanded humanitarian wreckage and the potential ruin of the remaining institutions of governance
Breaking windows: In the neighbourhood and in Iraq
Authors: Baker Raymond William
Published: August 2015

The US-led invasion of Iraq, a ‘supreme war crime’, not only shattered the Iraqi state, killed hundreds and hundreds of thousands of Iraqis, and devastated the incomparable cultural heritage of the birthplace of civilization, it also created the fertile seedbed for the efflorescence of crime, corruption and violent extremisms. Iraqis today live amidst shards of glass, resulting from the deliberate policy of ‘breaking windows’ to end the Iraqi state.
Inscribing Institutional Exhibition History: On the Centre Pompidou’s Catalogue Raisonné Project
Authors: Szacka Léa-Catherine , Parcollet Remi
Published: August 2015

The Centre Pompidou recently instigated a think tank to examine the history of its exhibitions, giving weight to the configuration of each show as a cultural artefact. This initiative aims to critically consider and facilitate the documentation and cataloguing of all of its exhibitions, with a focus on reviewing what past initiatives have been most successful. Each exhibition, then, is considered in terms of its various manners of inscribing cultural history. This article examines the initial stages of curatorial research at the Centre Pompidou, as well as offers a critical take on how the methodologies deployed by the institution have both enhanced the historical record of exhibitions and stimulated fresh thinking around display history.
From the Astor Court to Liu Fang Yuan: Exhibiting ‘Chinese-ness’ in America
Authors: Li Han
Published: August 2015

Diasporic Chinese gardens are both aesthetic spaces showcasing Chinese artistic and cultural expressions and social spaces reflecting the social, economic and institutional circumstances of different historical eras. This article examines two Chinese gardens in the United States – the Astor Court at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (1981) and Liu Fang Yuan (‘Garden of Flowing Fragrance’) in the Huntington Library, California (2008). By looking into the construction, exhibition and interpretation of these two garden spaces, this examination will explore the sociocultural politics behind three decades of exhibiting ‘Chinese-ness’ in America and how it is contextual and continuously changing.
Book Reviews
Authors: Anderson Peter , Kent Charlotte , Geoghegan Chloe , Mutlu Rasit
Published: August 2015

HOW TO WRITE ABOUT CONTEMPORARY ART, GILDA WILLIAMS London: Thames and Hudson (2014), 264 pp., Paperback, ISBN: 978-0-50029-157-3, £12.95

CAPITAL CULTURE: J. CARTER BROWN, THE NATIONAL GALLERY, AND THE REINVENTION OF THE MUSEUM EXPERIENCE, NEIL HARRIS Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press (2013), 616 pp., Hardcover, ISBN: 978-0-22606-770-4, US$35.00

INSTITUTIONS BY ARTISTS: VOLUME ONE, JEFF KHONSARY AND KRISTINA LEE PODESVA (EDS) Vancouver: Fillip Editions and Pacific Association of Artist Run Centres (2012), 384 pp., Paperback, ISBN: 978-1-92735-402-5, CAN$20.00

YOU ARE HERE: ART AFTER THE INTERNET, OMAR KHOLEIF (ED.) Manchester and London: Cornerhouse and SPACE (2014), 256 pp., ISBN: 978-0-95695-717-7, Paperback, £15.95
Low-Velocity Nail-Gun Injuries to the Interventricular Septum: Report of Two Cases, One in a Child
Authors: Michalsen Kara L. , Iguidbashian John P. , Kyser James P. , Long William B.
Published: August 2015

Nail-gun injury to the heart is rare. Nail-gun injury to the interventricular septum is rarer: we could find only 5 reported cases, and none involving a child. We report 2 additional cases, in which nails penetrated the interventricular septum without causing acute pericardial tamponade, heart block, or shunt across the septum. Transesophageal echocardiography provides a dynamic way to evaluate the patient preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively.

In the cases reported here, both the adult with multiple interventricular nails and the child with a single nail underwent foreign-object removal via median sternotomy. The child needed cardiopulmonary bypass for removal of the nail. There were no short-term or long-term sequelae from these interventricular septal injuries.
Noninfiltrating Adenocarcinoma of the Lung Causing ST-Segment Elevation
Authors: Shah Shenil , Padaliya Bimal , Mohan Sri Krishna Madan
Published: August 2015

ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and death. We describe the case of a 51-year-old woman with advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung who presented with ST-segment elevation in the presence of an extracardiac lung mass but no objective evidence of myocardial ischemia or pericardial involvement. After the patient died of hypoxic respiratory failure, autopsy findings confirmed normal-appearing pericardium and myocardium, and mild-to-moderate atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries. A 4.5 × 4-cm extracardiac left hilar lung mass was confirmed to be poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung adjacent to the myocardium. The persistent current of injury that had been detected electrocardiographically was thought to occur from direct myocardial compression. ST-segment elevations secondary to direct mass contact on the myocardium should be considered in patients who have a malignancy and ST-segment elevation.
Successful Use of Therapeutic Hypothermia in a Pregnant Patient
Authors: Oguayo Kevin N. , Oyetayo Ola O. , Stewart David , Costa Steven M. , Jones Richard O.
Published: August 2015

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a leading cause of death in the United States. Pregnant women are not immune to cardiac arrest, and the treatment of such patients can be difficult. Pregnancy is a relative contraindication to the use of therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest.

A 20-year-old woman who was 18 weeks pregnant had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Upon her arrival at the emergency department, she was resuscitated and her circulation returned spontaneously, but her score on the Glasgow Coma Scale was 3. After adequate family discussion of the risks and benefits of therapeutic hypothermia, a decision was made to initiate therapeutic hypothermia per established protocol for 24 hours. The patient was successfully cooled and rewarmed. By the time she was discharged, she had experienced complete neurologic recovery, apart from some short-term memory loss. Subsequently, at 40 weeks, she delivered vaginally a 7-lb 3-oz girl whose Apgar scores were 8 and 9, at 1 and 5 minutes respectively.

To our knowledge, this is only the 3rd reported case of a successful outcome following the initiation of therapeutic hypothermia for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in a pregnant woman. On the basis of this and previous reports of successful outcomes, we recommend that therapeutic hypothermia be considered an option in the management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the pregnant population. To facilitate a successful outcome, a multidisciplinary approach involving cardiology, emergency medicine, obstetrics, and neurology should be used.
Chondromyxoid Fibroma of the Sternum in a 63-Year-Old Woman
Authors: Kilic Dalokay , Findikcioglu Alper , Tepeoglu Merih , Vural Cigdem
Published: August 2015

Primary chondromyxoid fibroma is a benign bone tumor. Its localization in the sternum is quite rare; we found only 6 relevant reports. We report our diagnosis and treatment of a chondromyxoid fibroma in the sternum of a 63-year-old woman. The patient underwent subtotal sternectomy and chest-wall reconstruction with use of a titanium rib bridge system and Prolene mesh. The patient's clinical course was uneventful, and she had no local recurrence 41 months postoperatively. Our review herein of the 6 previous cases reveals that our patient is the oldest thus far to have been diagnosed with a sternal chondromyxoid fibroma.
Impact of Insulin Resistance on Neointimal Tissue Proliferation after 2nd-Generation Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Komatsu Takaaki , Yaguchi Isao , Komatsu Sachiko , Nakahara Shiro , Kobayashi Sayuki , Sakai Yoshihiko , Taguchi Isao
Published: August 2015

Percutaneous coronary intervention is established as an effective treatment for patients with ischemic heart disease; in particular, drug-eluting stent implantation is known to suppress in-stent restenosis. Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for restenosis, so reducing insulin resistance is being studied as a new treatment approach. In this prospective study, we sought to clarify the factors associated with in-stent restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention, and we evaluated the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index as a predictor of restenosis.

We enrolled 136 consecutive patients who underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention at our hospital from February 2010 through April 2013. All were implanted with a 2nd-generation drug-eluting stent. We distributed the patients in accordance with their HOMA-IR index values into insulin-resistant Group P (HOMA-IR, ≥2.5; n=77) and noninsulin-resistant Group N (HOMA-IR, <2.5; n=59). Before and immediately after stenting, we measured reference diameter, minimal lumen diameter, and percentage of stenosis, and after 8 months we measured the last 2 factors and late lumen loss, all by means of quantitative coronary angiography.

After 8 months, the mean minimal lumen diameter was smaller in Group P than that in Group N (1.85 ± 1.02 vs 2.37 ± 0.66 mm; P=0.037), and the mean late lumen loss was larger (0.4 ± 0.48 vs 0.16 ± 0.21 mm; P=0.025). These results suggest that insulin resistance affects neointimal tissue proliferation after 2nd-generation drug-eluting stent implantation.
Modified Maze Procedure for Atrial Fibrillation as an Adjunct to Elective Cardiac Surgery: Predictors of Mid-Term Recurrence and Echocardiographic Follow-Up
Authors: Loardi Claudia , Alamanni Francesco , Veglia Fabrizio , Galli Claudia , Parolari Alessandro , Zanobini Marco
Published: August 2015

The radiofrequency maze procedure achieves sinus rhythm in 45%–95% of patients treated for atrial fibrillation. This retrospective study evaluates mid-term results of the radiofrequency maze—performed concomitant to elective cardiac surgery—to determine sinus-rhythm predictive factors, and describes the evolution of patients' echocardiographic variables.

From 2003 through 2011, 247 patients (mean age, 64 ± 9.5 yr) with structural heart disease (79.3% mitral disease) and atrial fibrillation underwent a concomitant radiofrequency modified maze procedure. Patients were monitored by 24-hour Holter at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, then annually. Eighty-four mitral-valve patients underwent regular echocardiographic follow-up. Univariate and multivariate analysis for risk factors of maze failure were identified.

The in-hospital mortality rate was 1.2%. During a median follow-up of 39.4 months, the late mortality rate was 3.6%, and pacemaker insertion was necessary in 26 patients (9.4%). Sinus rhythm was present in 63% of patients at the latest follow-up. Predictive factors for atrial fibrillation recurrence were arrhythmia duration (hazard ratio [HR]=1.296, P=0.045) and atrial fibrillation at hospital discharge (HR=2.03, P=0.019). The monopolar device favored maze success (HR=0.191, P <0.0001). Left atrial area and indexed left ventricular end-diastolic volume showed significant decrease both in sinus rhythm and atrial fibrillation patients. Early sinus rhythm conversion was associated with improved left ventricular ejection fraction.

Concomitant radiofrequency maze procedure provided remarkable outcomes. Shorter preoperative atrial fibrillation duration, monopolar device use, and prompt treatment of arrhythmia recurrences increase the midterm success rate. Early sinus rhythm restoration seems to result in better left ventricular ejection fraction recovery.
New Cutting Method to Aid Performance of Graft-to-Graft Aortic Anastomosis
Authors: Cagli Kerim , Lafci Gokhan , Yalcinkaya Adnan , Diken Adem Ilkay
Published: August 2015

In graft-replacement surgery of the ascending aorta and aortic arch, 2 separate grafts are frequently needed in order to construct a more physiologically configured aorta. We describe a new cutting method for accurate performance of graft-to-graft anastomosis.
FORTIFIKASI INORGANIK ZINK PADA TEPUNG UBI JALAR UNGU SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU BUBUR BAYI INSTAN
Authors: Handayani Noer Abyor , Santosa Herry , Profegama Bunga , Yuna Aditya
Published: August 2015

Fortifikasi zink pada bubur instan bayi berbahan dasar tepung ubi jalar ungu diharapkan mampu memberikan inovasi produk yang dapat mengatasi permasalahan defisiensi zink pada balita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh konsentrasi fortifikan inorganic (ZnO) terhadap sifat fisik (penampilan fisik, densitas kamba, dan daya rehidrasi) dari produk instan. Bubur bayi instan yang dihasilkan melalui tahap pembuatan tepung, fortifikasi zink, dan tahap pembuatan bubur bayi instan. Bubur bayi instan tanpa fortifikan digunakan sebagai variabel kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi zink pada bubur bayi instan berhasil meningkat, namun tingkat efektifitas dari fortifikasi sangat rendah. Fortifikasi inorganik zink dapat menurunkan 27,6% nilai densitas kamba dan mampu menaikkan 15% daya rehidrasi dibandingkan dengan bubur bayi instan tanpa fortifikan. Terdapat perubahan warna dari bubur bayi instan setelah mengalami proses fortifikasi zink.
HIDROLISIS SELULOSA MENJADI GLUKOSA DENGAN KATALIS HETEROGEN ARANG AKTIF TERSULFONASI
Authors: Anggoro Didi Dwi , Purwanto Purwanto , Rispiandi Rispiandi
Published: August 2015

CELLULOCE HYDROLYSIS TO GLUCOSE USING ACTIVE CARBON SULPHONATED HETEROGENOUS CATALYST. Enzimatic process and acid hydrolysis process are common process for conversion of cellulose to glucose. Unfornately, the two processes are expensive process and korosif process. Hence, the new process, that use sulfonaned active carbon catalyst is important to developing. The sulfonated active carbon is made from carbonated coconut sheel under temperature at 350oC. After carbonation, sulfonated active carbon soaked under sulphate acid 96% at 150oC until 15 hours. The result is then washed and dried, and tested catalyst characteristics in the form of H+ capacity, pore size catalysts by used BET surface area, functional groups by used FTIR, and morphology catalyst structure by used SEM. Catalyst performance was tested in an autoclave reactor through a hydrothermal process with difference of the catalyst amount and temperature. The results showed that the test characteristics of H+ capacity is 2.95 mmol/g, the pore size is 29 m2/gr. FTIR analyze showed that the presence of sulfonate groups read at a wavelength of vibration 1750 cm-1 and 1379 cm-1. By SEM analyze showed that the morphological structure of sulfonated active carbon is more open than other catalyst. By testing catalyst, the highest conversion of glucose is 87.2 %. Keywords: cellulose; glucose; sulfonate active carbon; thatch Abstrak Teknologi yang sudah digunakan dalam mengubah selulosa menjadi glukosa adalah dengan proses enzimatik dan hidrolisis asam. Kedua teknologi tersebut masih memiliki kendala teknis, yaitu  harga enzim yang mahal, proses yang korosif dan menimbulkan limbah, sehingga diperlukan pengembangan teknologi baru salah satu diantaranya yaitu dengan metode katalis heterogen berupa karbon aktif tersulfonasi. Karbon aktif tersulfonasi ini dibuat dari tempurung kelapa yang dikarbonisasi pada temperatur 350oC, selanjutnya direndam dalam asam sulfat 96% pada temperatur 150oC selama 15 jam. Hasilnya kemudian dicuci dan dikeringkan, dilakukan uji karakteristik dan performance (kinerja ) katalis berupa kapasitas H+, ukuran pori katalis dengan BET, uji gugus fungsi dengan FTIR, dan uji struktur marfologi katalis dengan SEM. Kinerja katalis diuji dalam reaktor autoclave melalui proses hidrotermal dengan mevariasikan jumlah katalis, dan variasi temperatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan untuk uji karakteristik kapasitas H+ sebesar 2,95 mmol/gr, untuk uji BET ukuran pori 29 m2/gr , untuk uji FTIR keberadaan gugus sulfonat terbaca pada vibrasi panjang gelombang 1750 cm-1 dan 1379 cm-1 , pada uji SEM struktur morfologi katalis yang lebih terbuka pada karbon aktif setelah proses sulfonasi. Kinerja katalis konversi tertinggi selulosa menjadi glukosa mencapai 87,2% pada jumlah alang-alang 2 gr, jumlah katalis 2 gr, dan temperatur 170oC selama  8 jam. Kata kunci : selulosa; glukosa; karbon aktif tersulfonasi; alang-alang
PRODUKSI BIOHIDROGEN DARI HIDROLISAT AMPAS TAHU SECARA FERMENTASI ANAEROB MENGGUNAKAN KULTUR CAMPURAN
Authors: Husin Amir , Sarto Sarto , Syamsiah Siti , Prasetyo Imam
Published: August 2015

Ampas tahu merupakan produk samping industri pengolahan tahu berbahan dasar kacang kedelai (Glysine max.).  Dalam studi ini, ampas tahu yang telah mengalami perlakuan-awal dengan metode yang berbeda dikonversi menjadi hidrogen menggunakan kultur campuran.  Pengaruh perlakuan-awal asam satu-tahap (0,5% dan 10% berat HCl) dan dua-tahap (tahap I 0,5%  dan tahap II 10% berat HCl) terhadap sakarifikasi ampas tahu juga diinvestigasi.  Lebih lanjut, pengaruh perlakuan awal asam satu-tahap maupun dua-tahap terhadap produksi hidrogen dan efisiensi degradasi gula tereduksi dibandingkan.  Yield total gula-tereduksi 503,73 mg/g ampas tahu diperoleh dari perlakuan-awal asam dua-tahap.  Nilai ini kurang lebih 4 kali lebih tinggi dibanding hasil dari perlakuan-awal asam satu-tahap menggunakan 0,5% berat HCl. Studi produksi biohidrogen dilakukan secara batch menggunakan kultur campuran dengan kondisi reaksi  35oC dan pH awal 6,5,  Hasil percobaan menunjukkan, bahwa yield hidrogen kumulatif  maksimum 0,928  mmol/g  ampas tahu diperoleh dari perlakuan  asam dua-tahap  atau meningkat 1,8 kali dibanding perlakuan satu-tahap menggunakan 0,5% berat HCl. Key words : ampas tahu,  perlakuan asam, produksi hidrogen Abstract Tofu solid waste is one of the by-products of tofu-processing industry.  In this study, batch experiments were carried out to convert tofu solid waste pretreated by different methods into hydrogen using mixed culture.  The effects of one-stage (0.5% or 10% HCl) and two-stage (first stage 0.5% HCl) and second stage 10% HCl) pretreatments on the saccharification of tofu solid waste were also studied.  Furthermore, the effects of  and/or  two- stages acid pretreatments on hydrogen production and degradation efficiencies the reducing-sugar (RS) were compared.  A maximum total RS yield of 503.73 mg/g-tofu solid waste was obtained from substrate pretreated with two-stages method.  It was approximately 4-fold greater than that from substrate pretreated with one-stage method using 0.5% wt HCl. At the reaction condition of 35oC, initial pH =  6.5, and RS concentration based on 2 grams of tofu solid waste pretreated, a maximum cumulative hydrogen yield was 0.928  mmol/g-tofu solid waste from substrate  pretreated  with  two-stages method.  It was approximately 1.8-fold greater than that from substrate pretreated with one-stage method using 0.5% wt HCl. The results show that two-stage acid preteatment can enhancing the amount of  reducing sugar in the mixture and hydrogen yield from tofu solid wastes.
Temperature dependence of the viscosity of epoxy acrylate-tripropylene glycol diacrylate binary mixtures
Authors: Liu Fengguo , Wang Ying , Xue Xiangxin , Yang He
Published: August 2015

Epoxy acrylate (EA) and tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) are two main components of ultraviolet-curable coatings. In this study, the viscosity of EA-TPGDA binary mixtures at various mass ratios was measured by a rotational viscometer at temperatures between 298.15 and 313.15 K. The temperature dependence of the viscosity of the mixtures is discussed. An empirical correlation between the viscosity and the temperature was obtained based on the Andrade equation. The results indicated that the calculated viscosity values show a good agreement with experimental data. This will contribute to the evaluation of the rheological properties and provide a theoretical basis for the industrial application of coatings.
Synthesis of new derivatives of 10H-benzo[b]pyridazino[3,4-e][1,4]thiazines
Authors: Arghiani Zahra , Seyedi Seyed Mohammad , Bakavoli Mehdi , Nikpour Mohsen
Published: August 2015

New 10H-benzo[b]pyridazino[3,4-e][1,4]thiazines were prepared and evaluated for inhibitory activity against soybean 15-lipoxygenase enzyme. These compounds were synthesized by the sequential treatment of 4-bromo-3,6-dichloropyridazine with 2-aminothiophenol and a secondary amine with the subsequent heterocyclization in the presence of sodium amide.
Influence Re-weighted G-Estimation
Authors: Rich Benjamin , Moodie Erica E. M. , A. Stephens David
Published: August 2015

Individualized medicine is an area that is growing, both in clinical and statistical settings, where in the latter, personalized treatment strategies are often referred to as dynamic treatment regimens. Estimation of the optimal dynamic treatment regime has focused primarily on semi-parametric approaches, some of which are said to be doubly robust in that they give rise to consistent estimators provided at least one of two models is correctly specified. In particular, the locally efficient doubly robust g-estimation is robust to misspecification of the treatment-free outcome model so long as the propensity model is specified correctly, at the cost of an increase in variability. In this paper, we propose data-adaptive weighting schemes that serve to decrease the impact of influential points and thus stabilize the estimator. In doing so, we provide a doubly robust g-estimator that is also robust in the sense of Hampel (15).
Language conflict in Brussels: political mind-set versus linguistic practice
Authors: Janssens Rudi
Published: August 2015

Brussels has a long history of language conflict. The traditional Dutch-French language disputes that characterized large parts of the nineteenth and the early twentieth century resulted in a specific pacification model based on the institutionalization of the language cleavage between the Flemish and the Francophones. However, due to processes of immigration and the current multilingual nature of the population this model is put under pressure. The traditional political discourse based on the identification of the population with one of the two traditional communities no longer corresponds to the reality of everyday life. Rather than being used as the prime concept of identification with one of the traditional language groups, languages are used in a much more instrumental way in today’s Brussels. This article discusses the effect of this evolution on the traditional Dutch-French language conflict associated with Belgium’s capital city.
Predicting Is Not Explaining: Targeted Learning of the Dative Alternation
Authors: Chambaz Antoine , Desagulier Guillaume
Published: August 2015

Corpus linguists dig into large-scale collections of texts to better understand the rules governing a given language. We advocate for ambitious corpus linguistics drawing inspiration from the latest developments of semiparametrics for a modern targeted learning. Transgressing discipline-specific borders, we adapt an approach that has proven successful in biostatistics and apply it to the well-travelled case study of the dative alternation in English. A dative alternation is characterized by sentence pairs with the same verb, but different syntactic patterns, e.g. I gave a book to him (prepositional dative) and I gave him a book (double-object dative). Our aim is to explain how native speakers of English choose a pattern over another in any given context. The essence of the approach hinges on causal analysis and targeted minimum loss estimation (TMLE). Through causal analysis, we operationalize the set of scientific questions that we wish to address regarding the dative alternation. Drawing on the philosophy of TMLE, we answer these questions by targeting some versatile machine learners. We derive estimates and confidence regions for well-defined parameters that can be interpreted as the influence of each contextual variable on the outcome of the alternation (prepositional vs. double-object), all other things being equal.
Global Systemic Shift Redux: The State of the Art
Authors: Benedikter Roland , Siepmann Katja
Published: August 2015

The multidimensional nature of globalization is a work in progress, in many different ways throughout the world. This assessment follows upon an earlier one about the so-called global systemic shift – away from linear, hierarchical, and largely Eurocentric systems of thought and action toward something new, still to be defined and understood.
Methodological Issues in Studies of Cultural Legacies in Post-Socialist Russia’s Civil Society
Authors: Leskinen Anna
Published: August 2015

The state of civil society in post-socialist Russia and other former socialist countries is of great interest to social scientists, policy makers, and development-oriented practitioners. Numerous theoretical assumptions and methodological approaches have been used by researchers to describe, analyze, and assess the state of civil society in Russia, for example. One of the key issues addressed has been the influences on citizens’ civic and social activities and the historical conditions and cultural environments that have generated – and continue to generate – these activities. This critique focuses on the concept of “communist legacies” which has been applied at the individual level to explain people’s preferences, attitudes, and forms of behavior in Russia and other post-socialist countries. The concept is influential, in large part, because it has been supported by empirical research, especially the highly influential empirical research of Marc Howard. This paper takes a critical look at this research, including its theoretical frame and the methodology associated with the frame.
Nonprofit Organizations’ Involvement in Participatory Processes: The Need for Democratic Accountability
Authors: Mosley Jennifer E.
Published: August 2015

Participatory processes – defined as formal efforts to involve constituents in government decision-making – are an increasingly common tool adopted by public agencies and other elite decision making bodies in many developed nations. Unfortunately, although conceptualized as a way to incorporate lay citizens as stakeholders, participation in such processes takes time and expertise that many citizens do not have. As a result, nonprofit leaders are often invited to participate as a logistical shortcut for citizen involvement. This representation, albeit nonelected and unaccountable, is an increasingly important way vulnerable groups are represented and a key aspect of many nonprofit organizations’ advocacy involvement. It is important to ask, then, how well nonprofits do when attempting to represent specific claimed constituents. It is likely their success varies greatly. While many organizations work to engage constituents in democratic ways – including ongoing outreach and communication strategies, establishing participatory mechanisms within their own organizations, and soliciting resident feedback – other nonprofits do not. Based on the authors’ collaborative research, his brief identifies four specific policy proposals that may help facilitate the inclusionary goals of participatory processes, promote democratic accountability among nonprofit representatives, and make sure the needs of vulnerable citizens are met.
Late-stage systemic immune effectors inPlasmodium bergheiANKA infection: biopterin and oxidative stress
Authors: Dogruman-Al Funda , Engin Ayşe Başak , Bukan Neslihan , Evirgen-Bostanci Seda , Çeber Kemal
Published: August 2015

To investigate the involvement of systemic oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of murine cerebral malaria, mice were infected with thePlasmodium berghei(P. berghei) ANKA 6653 strain. Serum tryptophan (Trp), kynurenine and urinary biopterin, liver, brain, spleen and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite and nitrate (NOx) levels were measured on day 7 post-inoculation. Our data showed a significant decrease in SOD and an increase in GPx activity and MDA level in all the examined biological materials (p<0.05), except spleen. Conversely, GPx activities in spleen were depleted, while SOD and MDA levels remained unchanged. Increased MDA levels might indicate increased peroxynitrite production, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Also, elevated urinary biopterin, which was accompanied by increased NOx (p<0.05), may support the inhibition of Trp degradation (p>0.05). The excessive NO synthesis inP. bergheiinfection may be related to the up-regulation of inducible NO synthase, which was in accordance with the increased biopterin excretion. Thus, the large quantities of released toxic redox active radicals attack cell membranes and induce lipid peroxidation. AlthoughP. bergheiinfection did not demonstrate systemic Trp degradation and related indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase activity, it may cause multi-organ failure and death, owing to host-derived severe oxidative stress.
Organomonophosphines in PtP2S2 derivatives: structural aspects
Authors: Melník Milan , Mikuš Peter
Published: August 2015

In this review, the structural parameters of almost 130 monomeric Pt(II) coordination complexes with the inner coordination sphere of PtP
A Study on the Installed Performance Seeking Control for Aero-Propulsion under Supersonic State
Authors: Sun Fengyong , Miao Lizhen , Zhang Haibo
Published: August 2015

An integrated model including inlet, engine and nozzle with their internal and external characteristics was built to simulate the propulsion installed performance. With the integrated model, a new performance seeking control scheme under supersonic state is firstly proposed, taking inlet ramp angle as optimizing variable, which is equally important to fuel flow rate, nozzle throat area, guided vane angle of fan and compressor. Specially, engine installed thrust replaces its total thrust as one crucial factor for performance seeking control. Installed performances under supersonic state are significantly improved with the new scheme, as installed thrust increases of up to 4.9% in the maximum thrust mode, installed specific fuel consumption improvements of up to 3.8% in the minimum fuel consumption mode, and turbine temperature decreases of up to 0.6% in the minimum turbine temperature mode. The simulation results also indicates that, the performance seeking control scheme proposed shows superiority in restraining of the increasing of rotational speed and turbine temperature in performance seeking control.
Researching (with) Major Food Retailers
Authors: Evans David
Published: August 2015

This paper considers the relationship between social science and the food industry, and it suggests that collaboration can be intellectually productive and morally rewarding. It explores the middle ground that exists between paid consultancy models of collaboration on the one hand and a principled stance of nonengagement on the other. Drawing on recent experiences of researching with a major food retailer in the UK, I discuss the ways in which collaborating with retailers can open up opportunities for accessing data that might not otherwise be available to social scientists. Additionally, I put forward the argument that researchers with an interest in the sustainability—ecological or otherwise—of food systems, especially those of a critical persuasion, ought to be empirically engaging with food businesses. I suggest that this is important in terms of generating better understandings of the objectionable arrangements that they seek to critique, and in terms of opening up conduits through which to affect positive changes. Cutting across these points is the claim that while resistance to commercial engagement might be misguided, it is nevertheless important to acknowledge the power-geometries of collaboration and to find ways of leveling and/or leveraging them. To conclude, I suggest that universities have an important institutional role to play in defining the terms of engagement as well as maintaining the boundaries between scholarship and consultancy—a line that can otherwise become quite fuzzy when the worlds of commerce and academic research collide.
Palladium Catalyzed Defect-free <110> Zinc-Blende Structured InAs Nanowires
Authors: Xu Hongyi , Gao Qiang , Tan H. Hoe , Jagadish Chennupati , Zou Jin
Published: August 2015

In this study, Pd thin film is used as catalyst to grow epitaxial InAs nanowires on GaAs(111)B substrate in a metal-organic chemical vapor deposition reactor to explore the growth mechanism and the effects of non-gold catalysts in the growth of III-V epitaxial nanowires. Through detailed morphological, structural and chemical characterization using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, it is found that defect-free zinc-blende structured epitaxial InAs nanowires are grown along the <110> directions with four {111} sidewall facets forming a diamond shaped cross-section. Furthermore, the interface between the nanowire/catalyst is found to be the uncommon {113} planes. It is anticipated that these zinc-blende structured InAs nanowires are grown via the vapor-liquid-solid mechanism. The defect-free nature of these nanowires arises from the non-<111> growth direction and non-{111} nanowire/catalyst interface.