bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Process Assessment Techniques in Online PAI Learning at SDIT Fitrah Insani Bandar Lampung
Authors: Aprilia Sherfina Indah , Handoko Handoko , Saputri Rima Yuni , Oktaria Sheren Dwi
Published: August 2024

This study aims to determine the process of implementing the assessment carried out online and to see the impact that is given to the learning process. The type of research used by the author is qualitative, using the case study method. The data collection techniques used are observation and interviews and carry out the data analysis process to obtain conclusions. The result of the discussion of this study is that the assessment of the learning process includes the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. All three have their respective assessment techniques that are adjusted to the subject matter of Islamic Religious Education, as applied in the tahsin and tahfidz subjects at SDIT Fitrah Insani. From the results of the author's analysis, there is a match between the learning process assessment techniques applied in the learning process, namely by focusing on the cognitive and psychomotor domains.
English Writing Skill of Informatics Engineering Students
Authors: Frijuniarsi Nurul , Hapsari Fitri Senny
Published: August 2024

This descriptive qualitative study was conducted in order to analyze the English writing skill of Informatics Engineering students where the respondents contributed are the first semester students of Informatics Engineering, University of Indraprasta PGRI. Data collected through writing test given to the students, in which students were required to write a recount text.  The analysis was conducted according to Hughes Scoring theory of Writing skill. The study findings and result show that the writing skill score of Informatics students is quite low, where there were only 10 or 40% of 25 students got higher score than 67, the median score of Hughes writing scoring that determine the low-high score. In the other hand, there were 15 or 60% students got lower score. It means that there are more students with low score than the high one, so it can be concluded that the writing skill of Informatics Engineering students is classified as low category.
ChatGPT in Action: Unraveling its Impact on Student Motivation in English Language Learning
Authors: Jayaputri Herlandri Eka
Published: August 2024

The utilization of Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology has emerged as a valuable instrument for students due to its considerable potential in transforming the educational process. The proliferation and acceptance of AI in educational settings have garnered considerable attention from scholars, prompting comprehensive investigation. This study employs an experimental design utilizing a One Group Pretest-Posttest arrangement to assess the impact of ChatGPT on student motivation in learning the English language. The study participants comprised 40 students from the Fisheries Academy in Biak, Papua, Indonesia, selected based on criteria such as technology possession, English language proficiency, and willingness to partake. Data collection was conducted through English language proficiency assessments and questionnaires, subsequently analyzed employing SPSS 25.0 software. Results revealed a notable enhancement in student motivation subsequent to the implementation of ChatGPTin English language learning. Both English proficiency test outcomes and questionnaire responses exhibited significant elevations in student motivation from the pre-test to the post-test phase. Statistical scrutiny verified substantial disparities between pre-test and post-test scores, affirming the efficacy of ChatGPTin augmenting student motivation. Factors contributing to this elevation encompass personalized and real-time interactions, adaptive learning methodologies, and the user-friendly nature of AI technology.
Urinary Tract Endometriosis: A Review of Literature
Authors: Saadeh Ralph , Finianos Elie , El Hajj Houssein
Published: August 2024

Objective: Deep endometriosis (DE) is the most severe form of endometriosis. Bowel and urinary tract are the most common sites of intrapelvic DE. Urinary tract endometriosis (UTE) mainly involves the bladder and the ureters. The two mostly accepted theories explaining the pathophysiology of UTE are the “Retrograde Menstruation Theory” and the “Müllerian Remnants Theory”. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of literature on the UTE, a rare form, affecting only 1–6% of patients with endometriosis. Mechanism: A literature review was conducted using keywords specific to UTE and DE to identify peer-reviewed, original research articles published between 1996 and 2024. Findings in Brief: When the bladder is involved, the patient presents lower urinary tract symptoms. Ureteral endometriosis is usually asymptomatic, thus delaying early diagnosis and efficient treatment leading to cases of chronic ureteral stricture. Clinical history and examination as well as questionnaires play an important role in guiding the clinician. Diagnostic modalities include conventional imaging such as ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as invasive techniques such as cystoscopy. As for all endometriotic lesions, definitive diagnosis should be confirmed by histopathology. Treatment modalities include medical hormonal treatments or surgical treatment. There are a multitude of surgical techniques that are more or less invasive depending on the location and the extent of the lesion. Conclusions: UTE, is an underdiagnosed form of endometriosis, and specialists should be aware of this important entity, due to the serious health implications for women.
Effect on Pregnancy Outcome of Hysteroscopy Combined with Chronic Endometritis Screening before the Next Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer in Patients with Previous Failed Transfer Cycle
Authors: Liao Tianji , Lin Lijun , Xiao Li , Huang Wei
Published: August 2024

Background: Implantation failure, especially recurrent implantation failure (RIF), causes considerable distress in patients who undergo assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Mild pathologies inside the uterine cavity and disturbance of the uterine environment can decrease endometrial receptivity and cause implantation failure. To address this, hysteroscopy combined with endometrial pathological diagnosis has become more widespread. However, the specific time at which to perform the hysteroscopy remains controversial in the clinical practice of ART. Methods: This case-control studies enrolled a total of 1876 in-vitro fertilization embryo transfer (IVF-ET) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection embryo transfer (ICSI-ET) patients with a history of failed implantation were included in this study. From October 2019 to December 2022, these patients underwent office hysteroscopy and subsequent endometrial biopsy for CD138 immunohistochemistry to detect chronic endometritis (CE) in the Department of Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University. Endometrial polys (EP) were removed during surgery, and for patients diagnosed with CE, oral doxycycline was taken for two consecutive weeks before the next frozen embryo transfer (FET). Patient demographic characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were reviewed and analyzed by logistic regression to evaluate outcomes. Results: Patients were divided into four groups according to hysteroscopy findings and pathological diagnosis: CE only, CE plus EP, EP only, and neither CE or EP. The biochemical pregnancy (p = 0.009), clinical pregnancy (p = 0.014), and live birth (p = 0.011) rates after the following FET cycle were significantly different between the four groups. Pregnancy outcomes for the CE plus EP group were better than for the other three groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the probability of live birth was significantly related to the mother’s age, the controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) protocol, the number of times with failed embryo transfer (ET) cycle, endometrial histology findings, the interval time between hysteroscopy and FET, the endometrial thickness on the day of embryo transfer, and the number and type of embryos transferred (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Office hysteroscopy combined with diagnosis of endometrial pathology is a valuable approach for women with a history of implantation failure. This approach is not limited to RIF patients, and results in an increased pregnancy rate and shorter time to live birth in ART.
Developing Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems Comprising an Artemether–Lumefantrine Fixed-Dose Combination to Treat Malaria
Authors: Viljoen Joe M. , Cilliers Lauren , du Plessis Lissinda H.
Published: August 2024

Background: Despite attempts to control malaria, poor drug bioavailability means malaria still places enormous pressure on health globally. It has been found that the solubility of highly lipophilic compounds can be enhanced through lipid formulations, e.g., self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDSs). Thus, quality-by-design and characterization were used to justify the development and determine the feasibility of oral oil-in-water SEDDSs comprising a fixed-dose combination (FDC) of artemether–lumefantrine to treat malaria more effectively without the aid of a fatty meal. These formulations were compared to a commercial product containing the same active compounds. Methods: Excipient compatibility and spontaneous emulsification capacity of different FDC–excipient combinations were identified by employing isothermal microcalorimetry, solubility, and water titration tests. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed, and checkpoint formulations were selected within the self-emulsification region by reviewing formulation properties essential for optimized drug delivery. SEDDSs capable of enduring phase separation within 24 h were subjected to characterization experiments, i.e., drug concentration determination, cloud point, droplet size, size distribution, self-emulsification time, self-emulsification efficacy, viscosity, zeta potential, and thermodynamic stability analysis. SEDDSs with favorable characteristics were identified in the micro or nano range (SNEDDSs) before being subjected to drug release studies. Results: All final formulations depicted enhanced artemether and lumefantrine release compared to the commercial product, which could not release lumefantrine at a quantifiable concentration in this study. The avocado oil (AVO)4:6 and olive oil (OLV)3:7 SNEDDSs overall portrayed the ideal characteristics and depicted the highest percentage of drug release. Conclusions: This study offers evidence that SNEDDSs from selected natural oils comprising an artemether–lumefantrine FDC can potentially enhance the bioavailability of these lipophilic drugs.
Exosomal miR-423-5p Derived from Mineralized Osteoblasts Promotes Angiogenesis of Endothelial Cells by Targeting CXCL10
Authors: Long Feng , Li Hailong , Chen Xujun , He Yiqun , Dong Youhai
Published: August 2024

Background: Bone tissue engineering offers a new approach for the treatment of bone defects, with angiogenesis being critical to the survival and development of tissue-engineered bone. Mineralized osteoblasts (MOBs) have been reported to promote vascular formation by endothelial cells (ECs) through the secretion of exosomes containing a variety of angiogenic factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of miR-423-5p contained within exosomes derived from MOBs (MOB-Exos) on EC angiogenesis. Methods: The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), scratch wound healing, Transwell migration, and tube formation assays were conducted to assess the in vitro effects of MOB-Exos on EC proliferation, migration, and tubule-forming capabilities. The miR-423-5p level in MOB-Exos was quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Co-culture experiments were used to study the exosomal transport of miR-423-5p and its angiogenic effects. High-throughput sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed genes, and a dual luciferase reporter assay to determine whether CXCL10 was a direct target gene for miR-423-5p. Furthermore, the in vivo effect of MOB-Exos-derived miR-423-5p on angiogenesis was evaluated using a subcutaneous xenograft model. Results: MOB-Exos significantly promoted the in vitro proliferation, migration, and tubule formation of ECs. A high level of miR-423-5p was found in MOB-Exos and promoted the angiogenesis of ECs. The CXCL10 gene was significantly downregulated in ECs upon miR-423-5p mimic transfection. Dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed the direct binding of miR-423-5p to the CXCL10 gene. miR-423-5p derived from MOB-Exos upregulated expression of the vascular markers CD31 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vivo, thus underscoring its angiogenic potential. Conclusion: This study found that miR-423-5p derived from MOB-Exos could potentially enhance EC angiogenesis via the regulation of CXCL10. Therefore, exosomes are promising therapeutic candidates for clinical bone defects.
GWAS-Identified Loci are Associated with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Severe COVID-19
Authors: Loktionov Alexey , Kobzeva Ksenia , Dorofeeva Anna , Sergeeva Vera , Bushueva Olga
Published: August 2024

Background: Comorbidities such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have emerged as critical risk factors exacerbating the severity and mortality of COVID-19. Meanwhile, numerous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with increased susceptibility to severe COVID-19. Aim: This study investigated whether SNPs previously identified by GWAS as risk factors for severe COVID-19 also correlate with common comorbidities—obesity and T2DM—in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19. Methods: DNA samples from 199 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were genotyped using probe-based PCR for 10 GWAS SNPs previously implicated in severe COVID-19 outcomes (rs143334143 CCHCR1, rs111837807 CCHCR1, rs17078346 SLC6A20–LZTFL1, rs17713054 SLC6A20–LZTFL1, rs7949972 ELF5, rs61882275 ELF5, rs12585036 ATP11A, rs67579710 THBS3, THBS3-AS1, rs12610495 DPP9, rs9636867 IFNAR2). Results: The analysis revealed significant associations between certain SNPs and the increased risk of obesity and T2DM in severe COVID-19 patients. Specifically, rs17713054 SLC6A20–LZTFL1 (risk allele A; odds ratio (OR) = 2.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.24–4.4, p = 0.007) and rs7949972 ELF5 SNP (risk allele T; OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.11–2.91, p = 0.015) were associated with increased risk of obesity. SNP rs9636867 IFNAR2 was associated with a higher risk of T2DM (risk allele G, OR = 8.28, 95% CI = 1.69–40.64, p = 0.027). Using the model-based multifactor dimensionality reduction (MB-MDR) approach, the six most significant gene–gene interaction patterns associated with obesity in severe COVID-19 patients were identified and included five polymorphic loci: rs7949972, rs17713054, rs61882275, rs12585036, and rs143334143, participating in two or more of the most significant G–G interactions (pperm < 0.05). In total, the best models of G–G interactions associated with T2DM in patients with severe COVID-19 included eight polymorphic loci, six of which, rs7949972, rs61882275, rs12585036, rs143334143, rs67579710, and rs12610495, were involved in two or more of the most significant G–G interactions. Conclusions: Our study provides novel insights into the genetic associations between GWAS-identified SNPs and the risk of obesity and T2DM in patients with severe COVID-19.
Development of Web-Based Uteach Tutoring Application
Authors: Lontaan Rolly , Adam Stenly Ibrahim , Lengkong Oktoverano , Weol Virgil Steven , Poluan Gerald Varon Alexius
Published: August 2024

In the rapidly evolving digital era, challenges in the field of education have become increasingly complex. This research aims to develop the UTeach learning guidance application, designed to assist students of Universitas Klabat in addressing academic issues. The application enables students to book mentors and meet face-to-face for guidance sessions. By implementing and utilizing the prototype model development method using the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), this study designs a prototype application aimed at facilitating student access to learning guidance by reducing time and distance barriers. Prototype testing is conducted through trials to evaluate the performance and usability of the application. This application is anticipated to serve as a potential tool in supporting Universitas Klabat students in improving academic performance and addressing financial issues. Development recommendations for this application may include adding conversation features, incorporating notification features, and developing a mobile application to enhance user efficiency. This research contributes to the advancement of educational technology by offering innovative solutions to enhance student learning experiences.
Comparative Analysis of Lung Cancer Classification Models Using EfficientNet and ResNet on CT-Scan Lung Images
Authors: Sandag Green Arther , Kabo Deo Timothy
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the classification of lung cancer, a major global cause of mortality. The accurate diagnosis and classification of lung cancer through CT-Scan images demand significant expertise, precision, and time to ensure appropriate treatment for patients. Transfer learning has emerged as a beneficial technology to aid in this process by effectively classifying lung cancer-related patterns in CT-Scan images. In this research, a dataset of 1,000 lung CT-Scan images, divided into four categories—Adenocarcinoma, Large Cell, Squamous, and Normal—was employed. The study evaluated several transfer learning models, including ResNet50, ResNet101, EfficientNetB1, EfficientNetB3, EfficientNetB5, and EfficientNetB7. The findings revealed that the EfficientNetB3 model outperformed the others, achieving an accuracy of 97.78%, a precision of 97.34%, a recall of 98.33%, and an F1-Score of 97.78%. These results demonstrate that the EfficientNetB3 model enhances the accuracy of lung cancer classification in CT-Scan images more effectively than other transfer learning models. This research underscores the significant potential of EfficientNetB3 in facilitating early diagnosis, advancing the integration of machine learning in medical practices, and providing critical insights for the selection of transfer learning models in clinical applications. The implications of these findings suggest a substantial impact on improving diagnostic processes and outcomes in lung cancer management.
IoT-based Environmental Monitoring with Data Analysis of Temperature, Humidity, and Air Quality
Authors: Waworundeng Jacquline
Published: August 2024

Environment monitoring has been linked to the use of the IoT. To raise awareness for the environment, the IoT system is built as an instrument tool based on a Prototyping model with an experimental approach. The hardware consists of sensors, microcontrollers, a Wi-Fi modem, powered with solar cells, and electricity integrated with IoT platforms Blynk and ThingSpeak. The prototype detectors were installed in two different locations at the Universitas Klabat. The IoT systems can store data, display information, and send push notifications as alerts to the user’s smartphone when critical conditions emerge. In the two locations for a specified time of May 2023, the data analysis shows average temperatures are 28,39˚C and 28,44˚C, where 28˚C is the optimal value. The average humidity shows 90,18%RH and 85,28%RH. These humidity values are critical because the humidity outside 40-60%RH can significantly impact health. The average air quality shows 59,62 AQI as “moderate” and 3.7 AQI as “good”. While “good” air quality is the best, “moderate” is safe because only when a value higher than 100 is unhealthy. The IoT system can help to monitor and provide real-time information about the environmental parameters.
Social factors contributing to the development of chronic low back pain: a scoping review
Authors: SONJON Yvan , GONTHIER Annabelle , Lépingle Camille , Van der Henst Jean-Baptiste , REILLY Karen , eric.chabanat@univ-lyon1.fr
Published: August 2024

Background: Research and clinical practice aimed at understanding chronic low back pain (CLBP) have predominantly focused on biomedical and psychological aspects, often overlooking social influences. The biopsychosocial (BPS) model provides a theoretical framework for conceptualizing CLBP as the outcome of complex interactions between individuals and their environment, offering valuable insights into its progression and informing effective care strategies. This scoping review seeks to identify social factors contributing to CLBP, with particular attention to those examined for their predictive role in its persistence.Methods: Eight databases were searched following JBI and PRISMA guidelines, including all forms of evidence. Sources were selected based on the Population-Concept-Context (PCC) framework, specifically targeting studies involving adults with CLBP assessed through the BPS model. The focus was on social factors linked to CLBP evolution in the context of Westernized countries. Two researchers independently screened articles for inclusion, extracted data, and conducted the analysis.Results: Among the 35 articles meeting inclusion criteria, we identified 28 categories of social factors potentially associated with CLBP. These factors were organized into six domains spanning from individual-level influences to broader societal contexts.Conclusions: This review provides a comprehensive overview of social factors influencing CLBP. Within each domain, we identified factors assessed for their predictive role in CLBP development. Our proposed classification offers a foundation for future research and may support clinicians in better understanding the social dimensions of chronic pain, ultimately contributing to more person-centered and effective care approaches.
ICILS 2023 im Überblick. Zentrale Ergebnisse, Entwicklungen über ein Jahrzehnt und mögliche Entwicklungsperspektiven
Authors: Eickelmann Birgit , Fröhlich Nadine , Casamassima Gianna , Drossel Kerstin
Published: August 2024

Diese Publikation führt ausgewählte zentrale Ergebnisse aus ICILS 2023 (International Computer and Information Literacy Study 2023) sowie mögliche Entwicklungsperspektiven für den schulischen Bildungsbereich in Deutschland in einer übersichtlichen Kurzform zusammen. Mit der Studie ICILS 2023 werden zum dritten Mal nach ICILS 2018 und ICILS 2013 die digitalen Kompetenzen von Achtklässler*innen sowie die Rahmenbedingungen des Kompetenzerwerbs in Deutschland im internationalen Vergleich untersucht. Dabei können die computer- und informationsbezogenen Kompetenzen der Schüler*innen für Deutschland erstmalig in einem Trend über zehn Jahre hinweg dargestellt werden, während die zweite Teilnahme Deutschlands am Zusatzmodul ,Computational Thinking‘ einen Vergleich der Kompetenzen im Bereich ,Computational Thinking‘ über fünf Jahre ermöglicht. Neben den Ergebnissen zu den digitalen Kompetenzen der Schüler*innen werden ausgewählte Ergebnisse zu den Rahmenbedingungen und Prozessen schulischer Bildung in der digitalen Transformation aufgegriffen. Im Fokus stehen dabei die Perspektiven der Schüler*innen, der Lehrkräfte und der Schulleitungen. Darüber hinaus werden Befunde zu den technologischen Rahmenbedingungen in Deutschland im internationalen Vergleich auf einer empirisch fundierten Grundlage bereitgestellt. Somit liefert die Publikation ICILS 2023 – im Überblick auf Basis des wissenschaftlichen Berichtsbandes in Deutschland prägnant aufbereitete Informationen zum Stand digitalisierungsbezogener Entwicklungsprozesse im schulischen Bildungsbereich. Damit verbunden stellt die Studie ICILS 2023 – mit einem Abstand von fünf Jahren zum letzten Zyklus der Studie – empirisch basiertes Steuerungswissen zur Weiterentwicklung im Kontext digitaler Transformationsprozesse bereit.
Water Management in Hariwan Municipality of Nepal: Groundwater Harvesting from Riverbeds and Aquifers
Authors: Paudyal Kabi Raj , Sah Ram Bahadur , Paudel Prem Nath , Acharya Prakash Chandra , Sayami Mamata , Khadka Goma , Thapa Aneeta , Paudayal Khum Narayan
Published: August 2024

Most of the regions of the Siwalik and Northern Terai (Bhabar) have a scarcity of water due to the water level beyond the suction limit of ordinary centrifugal pumping. In the present study, the Lakhandehi River section in the Sarlahi district is selected for shallow aquifer prospecting. The objective of this study was to assess potential zones of shallow aquifers including riverbeds. It was also aimed to assess the status of the existing subsurface water conditions, and distribution system, and find out suitable locations for groundwater harvesting and uses. The methodological part of the present study covers the field data collection and finding the appropriate shallow aquifer for groundwater extraction. In the field study, both the geological as well as hydrogeological maps were prepared on a 1:25,000 scale to assess the aquifer condition. A social survey was also carried out to find the most water scarcity areas and water availability conditions in the region. The main water scarcity area is found in the Hariwan Municipality, around the northern part of Bhabar and the southernmost region of the Chure region. The water insufficiency area for the present study was found in the places like Hariyon Khola section (Dumrighari), Sano Dume and Dume Khola sections (Samari Bhanjyang), Kothi Khola section (Kothikholagaun), and Attrauli Khola section (Atrauli village) of Hariwan Municipality due to the presence of impermeable layers in shallow depth. The concept of the development of swamp wells by retaining the groundwater flow from the shallow depth of the river channel is proposed in areas like the Samari Bhanjyang and Atrauli villages. Similarly, the development of shallow wells is proposed for the other two regions. To ensure a cost-effective water supply to the communities, it is advisable to implement a water lifting system to elevate the reservoir, followed by gravity-flow distribution.
Study on Rock Characteristics for Assessing the Hydraulic Erodibility of Sandstones in the Manahari River Section, Sub-Himalaya, Central Nepal
Authors: Gurung Jit Bahadur , Tamrakar Naresh Kazi
Published: August 2024

The long-term erosion of the bed rock is steered by the power of the stream of variable magnitude and frequency which would give us the idea about bed rock incision and its channel morphology. Large numbers of infrastructural development work such as roads, bridges are undergoing in the Manahari Area. Hence, hydraulic erosion of the rocks is always a topic of interest while carrying out these construction works. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to determine the hydraulic erodibility of the Siwalik rocks under the action of stream power. Erodibility of the rocks and the stream powers of the Manahari River were determined by extensive field survey and laboratory analysis of rock material properties. Rock mass strength, block particle size, discontinuity/inter-particle bond shear strength, the shape of materials units, and their orientation relative to the flow were assessed to determine erodibility of the rocks. The longitudinal and cross-sectional surveys were carried out to find out the hydraulic parameters to calculate the erosive power of the stream i.e., slope of the channel surface, hydraulic radius, and velocity. The erodibility index ranges from 22 to 198 on the basis of their rock mass properties whereas the stream power value ranges from 1 to 6 kW/m2. The value of the stream power obtained at the bankfull condition at different flow time intervals i.e., 10, 25, 50, and 100 years ranges from 5 to 25 kW/m2. With this range of stream power at different time interval flow, the Manahara River has the capacity to erode maximum of the sandstones present in the riverbed as all the values of the erodibility plot above the threshold line of erosion. However, the relation between the erodibility index and stream power at normal flow condition shows that the Siwalik sandstones of the study area are not erodible under the influence of the available stream power.
Recent Trends in the Study of Springs in Nepal: A Review
Authors: Pokhrel Gunanidhi , Rijal Moti Lal
Published: August 2024

Springs, a component of groundwater systems, are a vital source of fresh water for fulfilling people's demand for drinking water, household uses, and irrigation, especially in the Middle Hill region of Nepal. Springs provide water for base flows and lifelines for many rivers originating from the Middle Hill regions. The present study reviews a recent trend of spring studies and investigations in Nepal through a systematic search of published and unpublished works related to springs, which are freely available. The results show 47 publications, out of 30 are published, and 17 are unpublished. The origin of published work is mainly related to project-related works, whereas unpublished works come from the academic sector for fulfilling academic criteria for thesis research. According to the physiographical division of Nepal, the study area falls in the Middle Hills of Nepal, with the maximum area located in Bagmati Province. Most of the studies that qualitative rather than quantitative information of springs. Studies are not linked with spring source and their seasonal dynamics. However, clearly available data, attributes and information about springs from 47 reviewed documents are noted. Systematic data generation and a standard framework for data collection are also missing. Nevertheless, out of 47 studies, including 11 published and 4 unpublished, the total number of springs per sq. km. in the Middle Hill region of Nepal is estimated as 2.57, which can be integrated after more research on future springs–related work.
Extension of Almost Contact Structure ( ϕ_4,ξ_4,η_4) on (Ν^(4n+3)⨂R^d)≅ M^(5n+4)
Authors: Kumar Nand Kishor
Published: August 2024

A prior research of almost contacts on 1, 2, and 3-manifolds has been partially investigated. On the other hand, the existence and geometry of a virtually contact 4-structure are poorly understood. A class of almost contact structures, g c d (2, n) = 1, has been created in this article. It is related to an almost compact 3-structure carried on a smooth Riemannian metric manifold (M, ) of dimension (5n + 4). Using the almost contact metric manifold ( , ) as a starting point, we have demonstrated the existence of an almost contact structure on () from ( for i = 1,2,3 on , constructed as a linear combinations.
Pengaruh Delignifikasi Pada Karakteristik Karbon Aktif dan Biosorben dari Limbah Kulit Pisang Kepok
Authors: Zulkania Ariany , Nurhasanah Aliya , Pratiwi Dwita Cahaya
Published: August 2024

Jumlah kandungan selulosa dalam bahan alam berupa biomassa menunjukkan potensinya menjadi adsorben berdasarkan karbon yang dapat dihasilkan. Salah satu biomassa yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai adsorben adalah limbah kulit pisang kepok yang ketersediaan banyak dan mengandung selulosa sebanyak 18,71%. Penelitian dilakukan dengan variasi perlakuan delignifikasi dan tanpa delignifikasi pada kulit pisang kepok untuk menjadi biosorben dan karbon aktif. Semua jenis adsorben kemudian diaktivasi menggunakan aktivator H2SO4. Hasil analisis karakteristik SEM – EDX, FTIR, dan BET menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi perlakuan delignifikasi dan karbonasi (sampel A) dapat meningkatkan kadar karbon yang terkandung dalam sampel adsorben (pad hasil SEM ditandai dengan adanya struktur selulosa yang lebih beraturan dan pori kecil). Dari hasil EDX, sampel A terindikasi mengandung unsur karbon tertinggi yaitu 78,65% berat dan diperkuat dengan hasil analisis FTIR dimana sampel A memiliki rentang peak ikatan C=C dan C-H lebih luas (pertanda selulosa yang sudah terpisah terkarbonasi dengan baik sehingga menghasilkan unsur karbon). Selain itu, kombinas perlakukan proses delignifikasi dan karbonisasi juga meningkatkan luas permukaan pori keseluruhannya dibandingkan dengan variasi lainnya dengan nilai sebesar 83,381 m2 /g. Dari penelitian ini tampak bahwa pretreatment proses delignifikasi dapat meningkatkan karakteristik adsorben dari nlimbah kulit pisang kepok dengan peningkatan kadar karbon terkandung dan luas permukaan
Kinetika Adsorpsi Ion Zn Menggunakan Serbuk Gergaji Kayu Jati (Tectona grandis) Teraktivasi EDTA dalam Air Limbah Batik Kayu
Authors: Sulistyawati Endang , Firdaus Septia Citra Rosa , Safitri Meliyana , Murni Sri Wahyu
Published: August 2024

Limbah cair yang dihasilkan kerajinan batik kayu mengandung ion logam berat Zn2+ sebesar 7,6188 mg/L. Nilai tersebut melebihi batas yang diperbolehkan sehingga berpotensi mencemari lingkungan dan berbahaya bagi kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kemampuan serbuk gergaji kayu jati teraktivasi EDTA sebagai adsorben ion logam Zn2+ dengan meninjau kinetika adsorpsi. Adsorben teraktivasi digunakan untuk adsorpsi Zn2+ dengan variasi waktu kontak (5-60 menit) dan suhu (30-55 °C). Identifikasi gugus fungsi adsorben dilakukan menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) sedangkan kadar Zn2+ yang terjerap diuji menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Kondisi optimal terjadi pada suhu 45°C dan waktu kontak 45 menit dengan konsentrasi ion logam Zn setelah adsorpsi 4,812 mg/L dan nilai kapasitas adsorpsi 1.2806 mg/g. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan kelayakan larutan sampel setelah proses adsorpsi sebagai air hygiene sanitasi. Analisis kinetika adsorpsi menunjukkan bahwa proses ini mengikuti model kinetika Lagergren orde dua semu dengan persamaan konstanta laju adsorpsi k = 1,527x105 exp (-4592,5/T) (g/mg.mnt) dengan nilai energi aktivasi 38,182 kJ/mol yang menunjukkan bahwa adsorpsi terjadi secara fisisorpsi. Hasil ini memberikan pemahaman mekanisme adsorpsi logam Zn menggunakan serbuk gergaji kayu jati teraktivasi EDTA yang dapat digunakan sebagai dasar pengembangan metode pengelolaan limbah yang efektif.
Effect of Immersion Time on CA/NMP Membrane Preparation for Microplastic Separation in Water
Authors: Rahmah Annisa Alifia , Rifai Muhammad Ayub , Nurkhamidah Siti , Rahmawati Yeni
Published: August 2024

Indonesia produces more than 4.8 million tons of plastic waste every year, but it has not been managed properly so that it will end up in Indonesian waters. This plastic waste is then decomposed into microplastics (MPs) which are <5 mm in size. The presence of MPs in Indonesian waters can have a negative impact on living things, so it needs to be separated from the waters. One method that is considered to separate MPs in water is microfiltration using Membrane Technology. This study aims to determine the effect of immersion time on the characteristics and performance of microfiltration membranes. The fabrication of membrane was prepared using phase inversion method, with Cellulose Acetate (CA)/N-Methyl-2Pyrrolidone (NMP) as polymer/solvent and distilled water as non-solvent. Characteristics analysis to determine the hydrophilicity of the membrane such as contact angle, moisture content, porosity and pore size of the membrane. Scanning Electrone Microscope (SEM) to determine the surface morphology and structure of the membrane, and analysis of microplastic rejection in water. The results of the characteristic analysis showed that the membrane was hydrophilic with a contact angle in the range of 61-53°, porosity of 80-83%, moisture content of 79-82% and pore size of 8.4-5.8 μm in accordance with the microfiltration membrane, as well as the membrane rejection ability reached 99%. So that membrane technology needs to be developed again to separate MPs in water.
Fitoremediasi Logam Berat Merkuri (Hg) Menggunakan Tanaman Myriophyllum aquaticum dengan Sistem Batch
Authors: Wafiq Mufidatun , Munfarida Ida
Published: August 2024

Merkuri atau air raksa (Hg) adalah logam murni yang merupakan satu-satunya logam paling berbahaya diantara logam berat lainnya. Salah satu cara pengolahan limbah yang dapat dilakukan secara biologi adalah penggunaan media tanam yang disebut dengan fitoremediasi. Salah satu tanaman yang mampu meremediasi limbah adalah Myriophyllum aquaticum tanaman yang mampu meremediasi limbah serta mampu mentolerir empat logam berat yakni Zn, Cu, Fe, dan Hg dari air yang terkontaminasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi morfologi (akar, batang, dan daun) berdasarkan pengamatan langsung ciri fisik tanaman Myriophyllum aquaticum selama fitoremediasi berlangsung, serta nilai efisiensi removal logam berat merkuri pada fitoremediasi dengan tanaman Myriophyllum aquaticum. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan menggunakan variasi konsentrasi sebesar 4,20 mg/L dan 9,62 mg/L, jumlah reaktor yang digunakan sebanyak 6 reaktor secara dua kali pengulangan, selama fitoremediasi berlangsung dilakukan pengukuran pH, suhu, dan konsentrasi. Hasil peneitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tanaman mengalami perubahan warna menjadi coklat dan hitam pada  reaktor A dan reaktor B  baik dari daun maupun batang terjadi pada hari ke-19 fitoremediasi.  Nilai efisiensi pada reaktor 3 dengan konsentrasi 4,20 mg/L (perlakuan 18 tanaman) memiliki nilai tertinggi pada hari pengambilan sampel ke-14 sebesar 87,8%.
Powder Production Methods
Authors: Chaira Debasis
Published: August 2024

This chapter provides a qualitative overview of powder preparation technologies including milling, mechanical alloying, electrolytic dissolution, metal oxide reduction, solid-state reactive synthesis, and gas, water, and centrifugal atomization. It discusses the general implementation of each process, the materials for which they are used, and the powder characteristics that can be achieved.
Fabrication of Bulk Components from Mechanically Alloyed Powders
Authors: Roy Debdas
Published: August 2024

This chapter covers various consolidation techniques used in powder metallurgy, including laser sintering (pressureless sintering), hot pressing, high-pressure torsion, microwave sintering, spark plasma sintering, and pulse plasma sintering. It also discusses the effect of milling parameters on mechanically alloyed powders, their consolidation characteristics, and the properties of bulk components.
Additive Manufacturing—History, Recent Developments, and Advancement
Authors: Khan Hamaid Mahmood , Koc Ebubekir
Published: August 2024

This chapter gives a brief review of the development of additive manufacturing (AM) and the appeal of different of different AM methods.
Effects of early surgery for cervical fracture dislocation on 30-day mortality using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database
Authors: Doi Kazuma , Otani Naoki , Inoue Norihiko , Mizuno Junichi , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yoshino Atsuo
Published: August 2024

Study Design: Retrospective study of data abstracted from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) database.Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of surgery in the early phase.Overview of Literature: The optimal timing of surgery for cervical fracture dislocation (CFD) remains unclear because only a few clinical studies with approximately 100 patients have been published.Methods: This study included 4,653 adult patients with a definitive diagnosis of CFD from the DPC database. The database contains nationwide inpatient data collected from >1,000 acute care hospitals in Japan. The DPC database contains information regarding hospitalization, such as diagnosis, treatment, medical history, complications, and hospitalization outcomes. This study identified 460 pairs of patients after one-to-one propensity-score matching (PSM). Treatment outcomes were compared between patients who underwent surgery for CFD within 72 hours (early group) and later (delayed group) after admission. The main outcomes included 30-day mortality, inhospital death, and major complications. The secondary outcomes were improvement in the Barthel index, length of hospital stay, and discharged home rate.Results: After adjusting for PSM, the early group had a significantly higher 30-day mortality rates than the delayed group (3.0% vs. 0.4%, p=0.006). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis after PSM, the early group was associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 8.05; 95% confidence interval, 2.15–5.26; p=0.007).Conclusions: This study indicated that early surgery for CFD resulted in increased 30-day mortality.
Effectiveness and safety of preoperative distraction using modified halo-pelvic Ilizarov distraction assembly in patients with severe kyphoscoliosis
Authors: Ilyas Muhammad Saad , Shah Abdullah , Zehra Uruj , Ismail Muhammad , Elahi Haseeb , Aziz Amer
Published: August 2024

Study Design: A 2-year follow-up study.Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of modified halo-pelvic Ilizarov distraction assembly in the management of patients with severe kyphoscoliosis.Overview of Literature: Severe and rigid scoliosis curves are always a challenge for operating surgeons. Preoperative correction through halo-pelvic devices successfully minimizes the severity of the curve; however, cumbersome complications are also reported with its use. Modified assembly could be safe for these cases.Methods: Patients with severe kyphoscoliosis having coronal Cobb angle >90° were applied with modified halo-pelvic Ilizarov distraction assembly preoperatively. The modified assembly consisted of a pelvic component and halo ring, and distraction was given at the rate of 2–3 mm/day for 6–12 weeks. Complete clinical assessments along with pulmonary function tests were performed, and scoliosis series X-ray images were assessed for coronal and sagittal Cobb angle and other spinopelvic parameters before applying the assembly and during 2 years of follow-up.Results: Thirty-four patients (age, 9–27 years; male/female ratio of 18:16) were included. The coronal and sagittal Cobb angles were 116°±16.2° and 84°±28.3°, respectively. Correction rates obtained through modified halo-pelvic assembly were nearly 52% (p=0.001) in coronal and 40% (p=0.001) in sagittal Cobb angles, with improvement in height (p=0.001). Apical vertebral translation and coronal balance were also improved significantly (p=0.001). Further improvements in all the parameters were obtained after definitive surgery, with improvements in the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (p =0.002) and forced vital capacity (p=0.001).Conclusions: Our modified halo-pelvic Ilizarov distraction assembly can achieve good correction in severe spinal deformities without significant risk to neurology, has fewer complications, and promotes good patient compliance.
PRINCIPLES OF APPLICATION OF THE SOIL EINFORCEMENT METHOD WITH HORIZONTAL ELEMENTS IN COMPLEX SOIL CONDITIONS
Authors: Korchevskyі Bogdan , Kyrytsya Inna
Published: August 2024

Soil reinforcement with horizontal linear flexible elements is used in almost all branches of geotechnical practice, when placing a construction site in difficult soil conditions. Let's consider in more detail each of the difficult construction conditions, such as areas faked by mining, subsidence soils, areas dangerous for the possibility of sufosis and karst, landslides, as well as loose and organic soils, using the example of pillow reinforcement under the foundation of the building that will be erected. In this case, it is necessary to comply with such requirements as sufficient strength of the reinforcement elements and the optimal contact surface of the elements with the soil. First of all, we will consider the principle of using this method during construction on territories that have already been tampered with or will be tampered with in the future by mining and underground urban structures. In addition to the displacement trough, which is directly formed over a certain period of time above the mine, within which subsidence, tilting, curvature deformation, compression and stretching of the earth's surface occur, other dangerous processes that reach the earth's surface are also possible: soil compaction from drainage, which leads to the subsidence of the layers that lie above and ends with the subsidence of the earth's surface with the formation of a drainage basin of subsidence; sufosis into an underground working, as a result of which a sufosis cavity is formed, and depending on its height, either collapse or subsidence of the soil occurs, and a sufosis depression or a sufosis mound of displacement is formed on the earth's surface, respectively. In buildings, the effect of reinforcement is manifested in two ways. First of all, due to its tensile strength, reinforcement prevents the displacement of some parts of the soil mass relative to others. Secondly, the interlayer, which works in harmony with the soil, causes a redistribution of stresses from overloaded areas to neighboring unloaded areas and involves them in work. The introduction of such a layer allows you to strengthen the dangerous or weakened area of ​​the structure and ensure its sufficient strength. The introduction of horizontal reinforcing elements into the soil base, which will absorb part of the tensile forces, will significantly limit these deformations. Тhe destruction of reinforced soil structures located in counterfeit territories is characterized by the rupture of reinforcing elements due to the stretching of the earth's surface, therefore it is necessary to ensure their required strength, as well as the length of reinforcing elements. It is also desirable to anchor the ends of the reinforcing elements, if their number is at least 4. This will prevent reinforcement elements from slipping in the soil, which will reduce the settlement of foundations of buildings and structures.
Pediatric Ovarian Torsion in an 8-year Old Girl; A Case Report Study
Authors: Yazdanpanah Samaneh , Mahmoudnia Malihe
Published: August 2024

Background: Ovarian torsion in children causes abdominal pain. The clinical symptoms resemble other abdominal diseases, such as appendicitis. It happens when the ovary twists on its ligamentous attachment, which stops blood from getting to the ovary. A fast diagnosis accompanied by a high level of clinical suspicion and immediate surgical intervention is obligatory to save the ovaries and avoid complications. Case Presentation: In this case study, we describe a case of ovarian torsion in an 8-year-old Iranian girl who came with persistent (non-colicky) right-side abdominal pain. After ultrasonographic examinations, she was identified with an enlarged heterogeneous right ovary indicative of ovarian torsion and underwent emergency laparotomy without oophorectomy. Conclusion: It may be challenging to determine the source of abdominal pain in pediatric patients, due to factors such as insufficiently comprehensive medical histories and examinations, limitations in con-ducting radiological procedures, as well as the comparatively diminished specificity of results in contrast to adult populations. If torsion is confirmed by ultrasonography, detorsion with\ without oophorectomy is advised for conservative treatment. This article presents a case study and a brief examination of the issues and complications associated with the identification and management of pediatric ovarian torsion.
Emerging Technologies in Hand Orthopedic Surgery: Current Trends and Future Directions
Authors: Dashtbozorg Ahmad , Heidarian Elaheh , Sagheb Ray Shirazi Malihe , Movahednia Zahra , Jafari Maryam , Abedi Azar Ramila
Published: August 2024

Emerging technologies are changing hand surgery by improving surgical precision, minimizing tissue disruption, and expediting patient recovery. These advancements have the potential to revolutionize surgical procedures, patient outcomes, and rehabilitation processes. However, there are still challenges that need to be addressed before these technologies can be widely adopted. These challenges include the learning curve for surgeons, high costs, and ethical considerations. Future research should focus on addressing the limitations of these technologies, exploring their long-term effects, and evaluating their cost-effectiveness. To successfully implement them, a collaborative approach involving clinicians, researchers, engineers, and policymakers is necessary. This review provides an overview of current and future trends in emerging technologies for hand orthopedic surgery.