bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prawdopodobna dysfunkcja receptorów GABA-A u pacjentów z zaburzeniami neurorozwojowymi uwarunkowanymi wariantami patogennymi w genie GNAO1.
Authors: Pawłowicz Małgorzata
Published: January 2022

Wprowadzenie i cel: Spektrum fenotypowe zaburzeń neurorozwojowych związanych z wariantami patogennymi w genie GNAO1 obejmuje encefalopatię rozwojowo-padaczkową (ERP) i szereg zaburzeń ruchowych (ZR). Powyższe objawy kliniczne są związane z zaburzeniami presynaptycznego autohamującego działania neuroprzekaźników na receptory: muskarynowy M2/M4, α2-adrenergiczny, opioidowy μ/δ, gabaergiczny GABA-B. Dokonano analizy korelacji fenotyp-genotyp u pacjentów z wariantami patogennymi w genie GNAO1 celem zidentyfikowania nowych powiązań pomiędzy objawami klinicznymi a określonymi zaburzeniami neuroprzekaźnictwa.

Materiał i metody: Przebieg kliniczny choroby oceniano u dwóch pacjentów polskiego pochodzenia ze zidentyfikowanymi wariantami patogennymi w genie GNAO1 de novo. W obu przypadkach diagnozę postawiono na podstawie sekwencjonowania całoeksomowego (WES) na platformie Illumina.

Wyniki: U pierwszego pacjenta z objawami ERP został zidentyfikowany wariant typu utraty funkcji w genie GNAO1 (c.607G>A). U tego pacjenta ZR (choreatetoza, dystonia ogniskowa) współistniały z napadami padaczkowymi. U drugiego pacjenta ta sama prezentacja kliniczna ZR, bez współistniejącej padaczki, była spowodowana przez patogenny wariant o nieznanej funkcji (c.709G>A). U obu pacjentów stwierdzono nadwrażliwość na wyższe dawki benzodiazepin, a u drugiego również na wyższe dawki baklofenu. U pierwszego pacjenta obserwowano wczesny początek ERP (2. tyg. ż.) z dobrą odpowiedzią na leczenie wigabatryną i następującym rozwojem nadmiernej reakcji zaskoczenia od 3 r. ż., z paradoksalną reakcją na leczenie klonazepamem.

Wnioski: Przeprowadzona analiza korelacji fenotyp-genotyp u dwóch pacjentów z zaburzeniami neurorozwojowymi związanymi z wariantami patogennymi w genie GNAO1 zidentyfikowała reakcje na zastosowane leczenie lub reakcje nadwrażliwości na leki, które mogą wskazywać na zaburzenia czynnościowe nie tylko receptorów GABA-B, ale również GABA-A. Potrzebne są dalsze badania funkcjonalne.
Potential link between playing wind instruments and vocal tract disorders. A literature review
Authors: Machowiec Piotr Artur , Maksymowicz Marcela , Ręka Gabriela , Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina
Published: January 2022

Introduction and purpose: Currently, we can distinguish three basic groups of instruments. These are wind instruments, percussion instruments, and plucked instruments. In the case of wind instruments, the source of sound is a vibrating column of air, which is created by blowing by the player. It is suspected that such vibration may cause specific vocal and laryngeal symptoms. The aim of the study was to present the current state of knowledge regarding the potential relation between playing wind instruments and vocal tract disorders.

Material and methods: The article reviews 19 publications available on the PubMed and Google Scholar, Web of Science databases meeting assumed criteria: published as a full text, without time limit and conducted on humans. The studies were found using initially established searching strategies as well as subsequent manual searching in order not to miss adequate articles.

State of knowledge: Laryngeal symptoms may be combined with vocal symptoms. The main raised vocal manifestations among instrumentalists are dysphonia, hoarseness, and altered voice quality. Comparing a group that used wind instruments with control, VHI-10 (Voice Handicap Index) and F0 (fundamental frequency) and HNR (harmonics-to-noise ratio) were higher while jitter % and shimmer %, which are perturbation parameters, were lower in the study group. The majority of studies has a limitation because they were performed in a limited number of volunteers.

Conclusions: The symptoms of the vocal tract related to playing wind instruments are characterized by a low frequency of occurrence and intensity. However, further research is needed to assess this relation.
Daily Living Skills in Adolescent and Young Adult Males With Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Thurman Angela John , Swinehart Stephanie Summers , Klusek Jessica , Roberts Jane E. , Bullard Lauren , Marzan Jocelyn Christina B. , Brown W. Ted , Abbeduto Leonard
Published: January 2022

By adulthood, most males with fragile X syndrome (FXS) require support to navigate day-to-day settings. The present study cross-sectionally: (1) characterized the profile of daily living skills in males with FXS and (2) examined associated participant characteristics (i.e., fragile X mental retardation protein [FMRP] expression, nonverbal cognition, language, autism symptomatology, and anxiety symptomatology) using the Waisman-Activities of Daily Living questionnaire. Males with FXS (n = 57, ages 15–23 years) needed more help/support in the areas of domestic and community daily livings skills, than in the area of personal daily living skills. Significant associations were observed between reduced daily living skills and lower nonverbal cognition, receptive language, expressive language, and increased autism symptomatology. Receptive language emerged as the strongest unique predictor of daily living skill performance.
Use of structured light in 3D reconstruction of transparent objects
Authors: Guo Haiyun , Zhou Haowen , Banerjee Partha P.
Published: January 2022

A simple non-interferometric incoherent light ray propagation model is introduced to perform three-dimensional profiling of transparent objects with typical thicknesses of the order of mm to cm by analyzing the distorted captured image behind the object. A two-dimensional cosine fringe is used as the incident reference image, whose periodicity is markedly altered by the shape of the object. By monitoring the local change in the period, the surface profile is simulated and optimized to achieve minimal error with experimental data and thus determine the final morphology. Our proposed method is simple, robust, straightforward, and single-shot, and can be used with coherent or incoherent illumination. Its feasibility for more complex applications is verified experimentally through rigorous error calculation. Moreover, the application of this technique for arbitrary transparent objects is theoretically attainable and promising.
Interferometric imaging of thermal expansion for temperature control in retinal laser therapy
Authors: Veysset David , Ling Tong , Zhuo Yueming , Pandiyan Vimal Prabhu , Sabesan Ramkumar , Palanker Daniel
Published: January 2022

Precise control of the temperature rise is a prerequisite for proper photothermal therapy. In retinal laser therapy, the heat deposition is primarily governed by the melanin concentration, which can significantly vary across the retina and from patient to patient. In this work, we present a method for determining the optical and thermal properties of layered materials, directly applicable to the retina, using low-energy laser heating and phase-resolved optical coherence tomography (pOCT). The method is demonstrated on a polymer-based tissue phantom heated with a laser pulse focused onto an absorbing layer buried below the phantom’s surface. Using a line-scan spectral-domain pOCT, optical path length changes induced by the thermal expansion were extracted from sequential B-scans. The material properties were then determined by matching the optical path length changes to a thermo-mechanical model developed for fast computation. This method determined the absorption coefficient with a precision of 2.5% and the temperature rise with a precision of about 0.2°C from a single laser exposure, while the peak did not exceed 8°C during 1 ms pulse, which is well within the tissue safety range and significantly more precise than other methods.
Low-power optical bistability in PT-symmetric chirped Bragg gratings with four-wave mixing
Authors: Sudhakar S. , Vignesh Raja S. , Govindarajan A. , Batri K. , Lakshmanan M.
Published: January 2022

The central theme of this paper is the analysis of the usefulness of introducing four-wave mixing or modulation of Kerr nonlinearity in a nonuniform grating structure with gain and loss. To do so, we propose an inhomogeneous system in which the nonlinearity of the parity-time (

P

T

)-symmetric grating is modulated. It is proven that the proposed scheme can be fruitful only if the nonlinearity and its associated modulation terms are assumed to be self-defocusing. To cut down the intensity required for steering, the sign of chirping is taken to be negative, and the wavelength of operating light is considered to be higher than the Bragg wavelength. Alongside these settings, launching the light from the rear end of the device dramatically reduces the critical intensity to a value of 0.015 (approximately), which must be the lowest switching intensity ever reported in the context of nonlinear

P

T

-symmetric gratings, to our knowledge. The ramp-like stable states in the broken

P

T

-symmetric regime prevail even in the company of modulation in the nonlinearity index for both light incident directions.
Resonant field enhancement in lossy periodic structures supporting complex bound states in the continuum
Authors: Tan Ling , Yuan Lijun , Lu Ya Yan
Published: January 2022

Resonant modes in a lossy periodic structure sandwiched between two lossless homogeneous media form bands that depend on the Bloch wave vector continuously and have a complex frequency due to radiation and absorption losses. A complex bound state in the continuum (cBIC) is a special state with a zero radiation loss in such a band. Plane waves incident upon the periodic structure can be resonantly enhanced. An existing scaling law states that the field enhancement

η

, defined as the ratio between the amplitudes of the local field and the incident wave, is proportional to

Q

r
a
d

Q

d
i
s

/

(

Q

r
a
d

+

Q

d
i
s

)

, where

Q

r
a
d

and

Q

d
i
s

are the quality factors associated with radiation and absorption losses, respectively. In this paper, we show that this scaling law is not always valid when there are multiple radiation channels. Using a perturbation method, we derive a rigorous formula for field enhancement, and show the scaling law is valid for specific incident fields, but not valid for optimal incident fields that maximize the field enhancement.
Photonic crystal integrated logic gates and circuits
Authors: Caballero Luis Pedraza , Povinelli Michelle L. , Ramirez Jhonattan C. , Guimarães Paulo S. S. , Vilela Neto Omar P.
Published: January 2022

This paper presents and demonstrates the three logic processing levels based on complementary photonic crystal logic devices through photonic integrated circuit modeling. We accomplished a set of logic circuits including AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR, FAN-OUT, HALF ADDER, and FULL ADDER based on photonic crystal slab platforms. Furthermore, we achieved efficient all-optical logic circuits with contrast ratios as high as 5.5 dB, demonstrated in our simulation results, guaranteeing well-defined output power values for logic representations; a clock-rate up to 2 GHz; and an operating wavelength at λ ≈ 1550 nm. Thus, we can now switch up for high computing abstraction levels to build photonic integrated circuits rather than isolated gates or devices.
Fast control plane for flexible and scalable optical interconnects
Authors: Lu Yunfeng , Gu Huaxi , Yu Xiaoshan , Li Peng
Published: January 2022

The growth of data centers (DC) and high-performance computing (HPC) requires higher bandwidth, but traffic usually occurs between a small number of computing nodes, and the location of the communication bottleneck dynamically changes as the application runs. Therefore, the traditional static network that solves the communication bottleneck by providing excessive bandwidth cannot meet the demand of high performance and low cost at the same time. The reconfiguration of optical interconnects greatly improves the flexibility of the network, which can allocate unutilized bandwidth to node pairs with dense communication and improve resource utilization. However, this flexibility relies on a fast control plane to achieve efficient interaction between devices in the network. We made improvements in traffic collection, topology calculation, and optical switch configuration, and built an experimental platform to evaluate our control plane. The flexibility of optical interconnects shows a good acceleration effect when running applications that solve large-scale problems, and the experimental results show that a proper reconfiguration cycle can reduce the completion time of 3-D Fast Fourier Transform application by up to 53%.
PCF based modal interferometer for lead ion detection
Authors: Al Noman Abdullah , Dash Jitendra Narayan , Cheng Xin , Tam Hwa-Yaw , Yu Changyuan
Published: January 2022

A compact, reliable, and fast responsive PCF (photonic crystal fiber) based modal interferometric sensor for lead ion detection is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The sensor has been fabricated by splicing a small section of PCF with SMF (single mode fiber) followed by collapsing the air holes of PCF at its tip. The interferometer is dip coated with chitosan-PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) and glutathione functionalized gold nanoparticles. Three probes have been fabricated, and the maximum sensitivity has been found to be 0.031 nm/ppb for lead ions whereas the detection range has been considered from 0 ppb to 50 ppb. The probe has been found to have a faster response time of ∼ 10 s. Furthermore, the sensor has been found to be less responsive towards other heavy metal ions, thereby demonstrating its selectivity towards lead ions. Besides, a section of FBG (fiber Bragg grating) has been embedded into the interferometer and the temperature response of FBG peak along with interference spectra has been investigated for better accuracy.
Semiconductor saturable absorber mirror in the 3–5 µm mid-infrared region
Authors: Qin Zhipeng , Chai Xuliang , Xie Guoqiang , Xu Zhicheng , Zhou Yi , Wu Qi , Li Jie , Wang Zhuan , Weng Yuxiang , Hai Ting , Yuan Peng , Ma Jingui , Chen Jianxin , Qian Liejia
Published: January 2022

Semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) have been regarded as a revolutionary technology for ultrafast mode-locked lasers, producing numerous landmark laser breakthroughs. However, the operating wavelength of existing SESAMs is limited to less than 3 µm. In this study, we create a 3–5 µm mid-infrared (MIR) SESAM by engineering an InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice. Bandgap engineering and the strong coupling between potential wells in a superlattice enable a broadband response of saturable absorption in the 3–5 µm spectral range. Using the fabricated SESAM, we realize a SESAM mode-locked Er:ZBLAN fiber laser at 3.5 µm, which delivers MIR ultrashort pulses with high long-term stability. The breakthrough of SESAM fabrication in the MIR will promote the development of MIR ultrafast coherent sources and related application fields.
Capacity expansion of chaotic secure transmission system based on coherent optical detection and space division multiplexing over multi-core fiber
Authors: Wu Yuqing , Luo Hanwen , Cheng Mengfan , Huang Chuanming , Zhang Ziheng , Deng Lei , Yang Qi , Tang Ming , Dai Xiaoxiao , Liu Deming
Published: January 2022

We propose and experimentally study a coherent optical chaotic secure transmission system through a multi-core fiber (MCF). The messages are encrypted by the chaotic carrier and transmitted through the outer cores of the MCF, whereas the chaotic carrier signal is concealed by transmitting through the center core. The MCF provides large transmission capacity expansion and security enhancement against eavesdroppers due to its physical structure. In addition, the designed optical chaos self-homodyne coherent detection strategy has high detection sensitivity and simple physical structure. Due to the prevalence of devices and digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms used in this system, it can be well compatible with a commercial coherent optical communication system. Error free 40 Gb/s/core encrypted 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal transmission over 10 km 7-core fiber is achieved, and 20 Gb/s quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signal transmission over a 100 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) is demonstrated to verify the long-distance transmission capability. The sensitivity to the secret key is also studied.
4.3 GHz fundamental repetition rate passively mode-locked fiber laser using a silicate-clad heavily Tm3+-doped germanate core multimaterial fiber
Authors: Tang Guowu , Liang Zhaoheng , Huang Wenhua , Yang Dongliang , Lin Wei , Tu Le , Chen Dongdan , Qian Qi , Wei Xiaoming , Yang Zhongmin
Published: January 2022

We report a silicate-clad heavily Tm3+-doped germanate core multimaterial fiber that is successfully drawn by using a rod-in-tube method. This new fiber has a high gain per unit length of 6.11 dB/cm at 1.95 µm, which is, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the highest gain per unit length reported so far for Tm3+-doped glass fibers. By virtue of this high-gain glass fiber, an all-fiber-integrated passively mode-locked fiber laser with a fundamental repetition rate up to 4.3 GHz is demonstrated. Remarkably, the generated pulse operating at 1968 nm exhibits a signal-to-noise ratio of >76 dB in the radio-frequency domain. These results suggest that the silicate-clad heavily Tm3+-doped germanate core multimaterial fiber can act as a key building block for high repetition rate mode-locked fiber lasers at 2 µm.
60.4 W continuous-wave single-frequency laser output from a two-stage Nd:YAG single-crystal fiber amplifier
Authors: Chen Sheng , Na Quanxin , Xu Changwen , Xu Tenggui , Li Quanming , Xuan Hongwen , Zhu Haiyong , Zhang Yan , Fan Dianyuan
Published: January 2022

A Nd:YAG single-crystal fiber amplifier for the amplification of
continuous-wave single-frequency laser end-pumped by a laser diode
(LD) is investigated. With a two-stage amplification configuration, an
output power of 60.4 W under the total incident pump power of 200 W is
achieved, which is, to our knowledge, the highest power from a
continuous-wave single-frequency laser achieved with a single-crystal
fiber scheme. The extraction efficiency reaches 41.6% in the second
amplification stage, which is comparable with Innoslab amplifiers. The
beam quality factors M2 at the maximum output power in the
horizontal and vertical direction are measured to be 1.51 and 1.38,
respectively. The long-term power instability for 1 hour is 0.97%.
Cladding-pumped bismuth-doped fiber laser
Authors: Firstov Sergei , Umnikov Andrey , Kharakhordin Aleksandr , Vakhrushev Alexander , Firstova Elena , Alyshev Sergey , Khegai Aleksandr , Riumkin Konstantin , Ososkov Yan , Guryanov Aleksei , Melkumov Mikhail
Published: January 2022

For the first time, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, a cladding-pumped bismuth-doped fiber laser (BDFL) is demonstrated. A “home-made” Bi-doped germanosilicate fiber with a 125 µm circular outer cladding made of fused silica and coated by a low refractive index polymer is used as an active medium pumped by commercial multimode laser diodes with a total output power of 25 W at 808 nm. We find that the BDFL with a free-running cavity (when feedback is provided by ≈4% back reflection from two bare right-angle cleaved fiber ends) composed of a 100-m-long bismuth-doped fiber is capable of emitting at a wavelength of 1440 nm. A slope efficiency of 0.5% with respect to the absorbed pump power with a maximum output power of ≈50 mW is obtained in a BDFL with a cavity formed by a highly reflective Bragg grating at 1461 nm and a right-angle cleaved fiber end. The beam quality factors (M2) of the output BDFL in the horizontal and vertical directions are measured to be 1.18 and 1.13, respectively. The processes affecting the efficiency of the BDFLs are also discussed. The possible improvements for the output power scaling and increasing the efficiency of the cladding-pumped BDFLs are proposed.
Cascaded frequency up-conversion of bright squeezed vacuum: spectral and correlation properties
Authors: Rasputnyi Andrei V. , Kopylov Denis A. , Murzina Tatiana V. , Chekhova Maria V.
Published: January 2022

High-gain parametric down-conversion (PDC) is inevitably accompanied by cascaded up-conversion (CUpC) of PDC radiation in a nonlinear crystal even if CUpC is nonphase matched. Here we study experimentally and theoretically the spectral properties of broadband phase-matched and nonphase-matched CUpC radiation in a beta barium borate (BBO) crystal. Our calculations of the normalized second-order correlation function predict the super-bunching of CUpC radiation.
Tb,Y:SrF2 crystal for efficient laser operation in the visible spectral region
Authors: Yao Weichao , Liu Jian , Li Enhao , Zhang Zhen , Xu Xiaodong , Xu Jun , Su Liangbi , Uehara Hiyori , Yasuhara Ryo
Published: January 2022

A Tb,Y:SrF2 crystal with high optical quality is grown using the temperature gradient technique. The spectroscopic and laser properties of the crystal in the visible spectral region are studied. A fluorescence lifetime of 5.6 ms is measured from the crystal, which is beneficial for laser operation with a low threshold. A continuous-wave Tb,Y:SrF2 laser delivers an output power of 259 mW at 545 nm, with a slope efficiency of 35.2%. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report on a Tb-doped SrF2 laser and represents the highest output power for visible alkaline-earth fluoride lasers. The limitations for power scaling are discussed.
H-shaped acoustic micro-resonator-based quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy
Authors: Ma Yufei , Hong Yinghao , Qiao Shunda , Lang Ziting , Liu Xiaonan
Published: January 2022

An H-shaped acoustic micro-resonator (AmR)-based quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) sensor is demonstrated for the first time. The H-shaped AmR has the advantages of easy optical alignment, high utilization of laser energy, and reduction in optical noise. The parameter of the H-shaped AmR is designed based on the standing wave enhancement characteristic. The performance of the H-shaped AmR-based QEPAS sensor system and bare quartz tuning fork (QTF)-based sensor system are measured under the same conditions by choosing water vapor (H2O) as the target gas. Compared with the QEAPS sensor based on a bare QTF, the detection sensitivity of the optimal H-shaped AmR-based QEPAS sensor exhibits a 17.2 times enhancement.
CSOI: Beyond Silicon-on-Insulator Photonics
Authors: Chang Lin , Cole Garrett D. , Moody Galan , Bowers John E.
Published: January 2022

Compound semiconductor on insulator—an emerging,
potentially revolutionary platform-is enabling radically new photonic
devices with superb functionality.
Entanglement Levels Up
Authors: Romero Jacquiline , Rambach Markus
Published: January 2022

Extending a key resource of quantum technology,
entanglement—either by having more than two quantum objects or using
"qudits" instead of "qubits"-offers
prospects for improvements in quantum communications, computation and
other technologies.
Real and imagined Greek women in Victorian perceptions of ‘1821’
Authors: Despotopoulou Anna , Mitsi Efterpi
Published: January 2022

The article explores the reception of ‘1821’ in Victorian popular culture, focusing on the representation of Greek women in stories published in contemporary periodicals. The two dominant tropes of Greek womanhood that emerge in popular fiction and poetry published from the 1830s to the 1890s – the captive harem slave and the intrepid warrior – arouse sympathy for the enslaved women but also evoke liberal ideas on women’s national and social roles. These texts foreground the position of Greek women within a nineteenth-century social context and imbue in them virtues and conflicts such as radicalism, the enfranchisement of women and middle-class domesticity that concerned Britain as much as Greece. Greek women, as represented in these stories, construct a Victorian narrative of ‘1821’ and of the Greek nation that oscillates between familiarity and strangeness, freedom and enslavement, real and imaginary. These largely neglected texts challenge traditional definitions of philhellenism, which depended on the legacy of ancient Greece as justification for the cause of the country’s liberation, and instead construct new myths about Greece, participating in the discursive production of its national fantasy. They also provide the opportunity of reconsidering the cultural position of Modern Greece in the Victorian period beyond the division between Hellenism and Orientalism.
Hubungan Riwayat Keluarga, Berat Bayi Lahir, Usia Gestasi, dan Riwayat Konsumsi Susu Formula dengan Penyakit Refluks Gastroesofagus pada Bayi Usia 3 Minggu – 12 Bulan
Authors: Jannata Puthisari Zonya , Jurnalis Yusri Dianne , Hidayat Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Latar belakang. Penyakit Refluks Gastroesofagus (PRGE) merupakan kondisi isi lambung kembali ke esofagus atau orofaring kemudian menimbulkan gejala dan/atau komplikasi pada bayi. Patofisiologi PRGE tidak terlepas dari adanya berbagai faktor risiko pada bayi, seperti riwayat keluarga dengan PRGE, berat bayi lahir, usia gestasi, dan riwayat konsumsi susu formula.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan riwayat keluarga PRGE, berat bayi lahir, usia gestasi, dan riwayat konsumsi susu formula dengan PRGE pada bayi usia 3 minggu – 12 bulan di Puskesmas Andalas.Metode. Studi potong lintang dilakukan pada Februari-Maret 2021 terhadap 82 bayi usia 3 minggu – 12bulan di Puskesmas Andalas, Padang. Data didapatkan dengan wawancara orang tua bayi menggunakan kuesioner PRGE IDAI dan kuesioner GERD-Q yang sebelumnya sudah menandatangi lembar persetujuan orang tua. Hasil. Bayi usia 3 minggu-6 bulan dan berjenis kelamin laki-laki paling banyak didapat PRGE. Hasil uji chi-square didapatkan riwayat keluarga PRGE (p=0,455), berat bayi lahir (p=0,029), usia gestasi (p=0,022), dan riwayat konsumsi susu formula (p=0,033) Hasil analisis regresi logistik didapatkan riwayat konsumsi susu formula menjadi faktor paling dominan dengan kejadian PRGE pada bayi dengan OR=3,210. Kesimpulan. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara berat bayi lahir, usia gestasi, dan riwayat konsumsi susu formula dengan kejadian PRGE pada bayi.
Korelasi antara Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio dan NT-proBNP pada Pasien Gagal Jantung Anak Akibat Penyakit Jantung Rematik
Authors: Hasbrima Syahradian , Rahayuningsih Sri Endah , Hilmanto Dany
Published: January 2022

Latar belakang. Penyakit jantung rematik (PJR) merupakan penyebab paling sering gagal jantung anak didapat terutama di negara berkembang. Pemeriksaan penanda gagal jantung seperti N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) dapat membantu dalam melakukan diagnosis. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) merupakan penanda inflamasi yang mudah dilakukan dan sudah digunakan dalam berbagai penyakit kronis.Tujuan. Mengetahui korelasi antara nilai NLR dengan kadar NT-proBNP pada pasien gagal jantung anak akibat PJR.Metode. Penelitian analitik observasional dengan studi potong lintang. Data berasal dari register gagal jantung anak akibat penyakit jantung rematik Divisi Kardiologi Departemen/KSM Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung Tahun 2020 dan sampel BBT penelitian sebelumnya. Populasi penelitian ini adalah anak berusia <18 tahun yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Kadar NT-proBNP diperiksa menggunakan ELISA Kit Elabscience Catalog No: E-EL-H0902. Analisis korelasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman dengan aplikasi SPSS 22.Hasil. Total subjek penelitian 34 anak dengan usia median 14 tahun. Subjek penelitian paling banyak terdapat pada kelompok usia 11-<16 tahun (65%). Sebanyak 23 (67%) subjek berada pada derajat gagal jantung ringan berdasarkan klasifikasi NYHA kelas I-II. Keterlibatan katup paling banyak mencakup kerusakan katup mitral dan aorta. Peningkatan kadar NT-proBNP terdapat pada 18 subjek (53%). Rata-rata nilai NT-proBNP adalah 388,09 pg/ml (20-2500 pg/ml) dan NLR 1,79 (0,57-5,27). Hasil analisis korelasi antara NLR dan NT-proBNP menunjukkan tidak terdapat korelasi dengan nilai r=0,054 (p=0,382).Kesimpulan. Penelitian ini tidak menemukan korelasi antara nilai NLR dan kadar NT-proBNP pada pasien gagal jantung anak akibat PJR.
STUDY OF THE AMINO ACID AND ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF THE COMPLEX DRY EXTRACT "PHY-TOINFLAM"
Authors: Karieva Ekut Saidkarimovna , Gaipova Nodira Nigmatillaevna , Nuridullaeva Kamola Negmatilloevna
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this research is to study the amino acid and elemental composition of the complex dry extract "Phytoinflam" obtained from ordinary Oak (latin. Quercus robur L.). Chamomile (latin. Chamоmilla recutita (L.)) and three-lobe Beggarticks (latin. Bidens tripartita).

Determination of the amino acid composition was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the quantitative determination of macro-and microelements - by the method of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)

According to the results of the research, it was revealed that 20 amino acids were found in the dry extract "Phytoinflam": 15 of which are representatives of various classes of aliphatic amino acids, 3 – aromatic and 2 – heterocyclic. It should be noted that ten out of twenty discovered amino acids are irreplaceable. The largest quantities are proline, valine, alanine, arginine, cysteine and glutamine. The total amino acid content was 14.767 mg/100 mg, of which 38.97% were essential amino acids, and, accordingly, 61.03% were non-essential.

The results of the study of micro- and macroelements showed the presence of 28 elements in the analyzed extract, among which seven are essential (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, Zn) and four conditionally essential. It is noted that the high content of such elements important for the vital activity of the body as calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, silver, strontium. The concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic in the analyzed dry extract did not exceed the regulated limit according to WHO and state Pharmacopoeia XIV.

The data obtained indicate the high value of the complex dry extract "Phytoinflam", which confirms its therapeutic value and the possibility of creating drugs based on it.
PHYTHORMONES AND ABIOTIC STRESS (REVIEW)
Authors: Chumikina Lyudmila Vasilievna , Arabova Lidiya Ivanovna , Kolpakova Valentina Vasil'yevna , Topunov Aleksey Fedorovich
Published: January 2022

Plants experience a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses that cause crop losses worldwide. Preventing crop losses due to these factors is of particular importance. For this, it is important to understand the mechanisms of both suppressing and stimulating seed germination and to develop technologies for controlling seed dormancy and development in order to avoid unwanted germination in the ears. Gene switching technologies can be used to address this and similar problems in seed development. Recent studies have shown that classical phytohormones - auxins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene, gibberellins - control all stages of plant ontogenesis. In addition to the classic phytohormones, there are relatively new ones - brassinosteroids, jasmonates, strigolactones, salicylates, which deserve consideration in a separate review. Together, these compounds are important metabolic engineering targets for the production of stress-resistant crops. In this review, we have summarized the role of phytohormones in plant development and resistance to abiotic stresses. Experimental data were presented on the transport of phytohormones, the interaction between them, as a result of which the activity of a certain hormone can be either enhanced or suppressed. We have identified the main links of phytohormones with an emphasis on the response of plants to abiotic stresses and have shown that the effect of an individual hormone depends on the ratio with other phytohormones and metabolites. Additional research along these lines will help explain different stress responses and provide tools to improve plant stress tolerance.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITY IN VITRO OF EXTRACTS FROM THE LEAVES OF RUBUS CHAMAEMORUS L. (ROSACEAE)
Authors: Strakh Yana Leonidovna , Ignatovets Ol'ga Stepanovna
Published: January 2022

Cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus L.) is the leader among northern berries in the content of phenolic compounds, which can cause a wide range of biological activity. Currently, there is an increased interest in the study of the antioxidant activity of plant extracts in order to search for promising sources of raw materials for the pharmaceutical and food industries. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of interpopulation and gender differences in antioxidant and antiradical activities in vitro of cloudberry leaf extracts growing on the territory of the Republic of Belarus. Classical spectrophotometric methods were used for determination: phosphomolibdenic method, Fe + 2-chelating activity, NO-inhibiting activity, inhibition of hydroxyl radicals (OH), method of superoxide radical inhibition in an alkaline solution of dimethylsulfoxide, DPPH, ABTS. Differences in the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the alcoholic extracts of leaf blades of Rubus chamaemorus L. It was found that the population of the Bolshoi Mokh preserve possesses the highest inhibition rates of hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals. The maximum iron-chelating activity was exhibited by the extracts of the male plant of the Bolshoy Moh preserve. The least inhibitory activity of Rubus chamaemorus L. leaf extracts was shown to the nitrogen-oxide radical. The established values of antioxidant and antiradical activities, as well as the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids of the leaf blades of Rubus chamaemorus L. may be important for the development of measures to preserve the species and specific populations on the southern border of the habitat.
AGE-SPECIFIC DYNAMICS OF ESSENTIAL OIL CONTENT IN ABIES SIBIRICA BARK. THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF EVALUATION
Authors: Ushanov Sergey Viktorovich , Ushanova Valentina Mikhaylovna
Published: January 2022

The variability of the essential oil content in Abies Sibirica bark in the Eastern and Western parts of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe was evaluated in eight age groups. The model of the age dynamics of changes in the essential oil content in the bark of Abies Sibirica, which is adequate to the experimental data, was obtained. With increasing age of fir, the content of fir oil in the bark increases from 1.4±0.1% of a. s. s. in 20–30 years of age to 2.8±0.2% of a.s.s. at the age of 70–80 years, with further decreases to 0.4±0.1% of a. s. s. in overmature trees.

The results of parametric identification of the model for Abies Sibirica growing in the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe are presented. Based on the results of 50.000 computational experiments, the simulation method estimates the statistics of changes in the model coefficients and 95% of the boundary of the forecast values of the content of fir oil in the bark. A compartment model is proposed that explains the age-specific dynamics of essential oil content in tree greens and Siberian fir bark. The obtained solution compartment model allows us to associate its parameters with the coefficients of models of changes in the content of fir oil in tree greens and bark obtained by processing experimental data.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN ON THE CONTENT OF FATTY OIL AND OTHER BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN THE FRUITS OF MILK THISTLE SPOTTED
Authors: Ramazanov Arsen Shamsudinovich , Balayeva Shamsiyat Abdulmejidovna , Rudakov Oleg Borisovich , Saranov Igor' Aleksandrovich
Published: January 2022

The object of the study was the fruits of milk thistle [Silybum marianum (L) Gaertn.] and fatty oil obtained from them by hexane extraction in the Soxlet apparatus.

The aim of the study was to study the influence of natural and climatic conditions on the accumulation of fatty oil and other biologically active substances in the fruits of milk thistle growing on the territory of the Republic of Dagestan.

It was found that the content of fatty oil and proteins in the fruits of milk thistle increases with a decrease in air temperature, an increase in the amount of precipitation and soil moisture at the place of growth; the content of carbohydrates and flavolignans in the studied samples of milk thistle fruits is inversely dependent on the content of fatty oil.

It was revealed that with an increase in the amount of precipitation and a decrease in the amount of active temperatures during the change of the natural and climatic zone from the foothill Kaitagsky to the high-mountain Kulinsky district, the total content of unsaturated fatty acids, primarily linoleic acid, in milk thistle oil samples decreases.

The method of differential scanning calorimetry has been used to study the thermophysical properties of the fatty oil of milk thistle growing in the Kulinsky, Levashinsky and Kaitagsky districts of Dagestan. The results of the thermal analysis are in good agreement with the conclusions obtained from the results of chemical and chromatographic analysis, differential scanning calorimetry allows us to identify trends in the change in the fatty acid and triglyceride composition of milk thistle fatty oil, depending on the natural and climatic conditions of the growth of milk thistle.
CONSIDERATIONS IN FAVOR OF THE USE OF FISH OIL FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Muo I.M. , Miller M. , Goldberg A.P.
Published: January 2022

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (fish oils) cause many metabolic benefits such as reductions in hypertriglyceridemia, blood pressure, markers of inflammation that may help to prevent or treat cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly in older high risk patients. However, recent meta-analyses question these health benefits of fish oil supplementation. Studies show fish oil to be beneficial in cardiovascular health particularly when combined with physical activity and low cholesterol diet even though certain cardiovascular medications can interact with fish oil to affect its clinical response. In this review, we present clinical, behavioral and pharmacological factors such as age, genetics, gender, medications and lifestyle which can influence patients’ biological responses to fish oil supplementation. We conclude that these factors, which are not typically accounted for in many clinical trials, may significantly contribute to the negative findings of these meta-analyses.
AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF THE MEALTIME EXPERIENCE OF OLDER PEOPLE WITH DYSPHAGIA
Authors: Ullrich S. , Buckley J. , Crichton J. , Esterman A.
Published: January 2022

People with dysphagia are at high risk of malnutrition. To maintain safe oral intake, solid food may be texture modified but this is associated with a reduction in the enjoyment of the eating experience. A recent approach to improving the enjoyment of eating texture-modified food has been to mould the food into the shape of the food that has been modified. The aim of this exploratory study was to describe and explain the mealtime experience of older people with dysphagia. Design: Qualitative and exploratory. Participants: In total, thirty five participants (nursing, care workers, lifestyle assistants, catering staff and residents) were involved in non-participant observations and individual interviews for the qualitative assessment of the eating experience. Intervention: Moulded texture-modified food. The intervention occurred at lunchtime for a period of 3 consecutive days. Qualitative assessment: Non-participant observations and individual interviews were conducted before and after the intervention. Analysis: Interpretative, descriptive and explanatory. Findings: Residents with dysphagia are separated from the dining experience and fostering good relationships between residents at mealtimes may lessen the effects of the challenging eating behaviours that often isolate residents with dysphagia from the dining environment. Non-moulded texture-modified food was viewed negatively by all participants and contributed to problems of interaction between care staff and residents by weakening those conversations and interactions that underpin the social dining experience. Residents also experienced difficulties adjusting to texture-modified food. Conclusion: Residents’ experience of adjustment to texture-modified food is difficult and non-moulded texture-modified meal that is unrecognisable and indescribable creates a problem of interaction between care staff and residents during mealtimes. The implementation of moulded texture-modified food has resulted in positive qualitative outcomes in the perception of texture-modified food and has improved the verbal interaction between care staff and residents.
Comparision of the walk techniques for fitness state space analysis in vehicle routing problem
Authors: Agárdi Anita , Kovács László , Bányai Tamás
Published: January 2022

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a highly researched discrete optimization task. The first article dealing with this problem was published by Dantzig and Ramster in 1959 under the name Truck Dispatching Problem. Since then, several versions of VRP have been developed. The task is NP difficult, it can be solved only in the foreseeable future, relying on different heuristic algorithms. The geometrical property of the state space influences the efficiency of the optimization method. In this paper, we present an analysis of the following state space methods: adaptive, reverse adaptive and uphill-downhill walk. In our paper, the efficiency of four operators are analysed on a complex Vehicle Routing Problem. These operators are the 2-opt, Partially Matched Crossover, Cycle Crossover and Order Crossover. Based on the test results, the 2-opt and Partially Matched Crossover are superior to the other two methods.
Hydrothermally-calcined waste paper ash nanomaterial as an alternative to cement for clay soil modification for building purposes
Authors: Robert Ubong Williams , Etuk Sunday Edet , Agbasi Okechukwu Ebuka , Umoren Grace Peter , Akpan Samuel Sunday , Nnanna Lebe Agwu
Published: January 2022

It has been observed that clay soil cannot be used for building design, unless it is modified by firing or with cement. Either method of stabilization can adversely affect the environment and public health just like indiscriminate dumping or open burning adopted in developing countries as the prevalent disposal technique for waste papers. This paper sought to examine the feasibility of using assorted waste papers to derive an alternative stabilizer to Portland Limestone Cement for modification of clay soil into composite materials suitable for building design. Specifically, clay-based composites were fabricated at 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20% replacement levels by weight with cement, and then hydrothermally-calcined waste paper ash nanomaterial (HCWPAN). Water absorption, sorptivity, bulk density, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, flaking concentration, flexural strength, and compressive strength were investigated for each of the fabricated samples. Irrespective of the stabilizing agent utilized, 10% loading level was found to be the optimum for possession of maximum mechanical strength by the samples. Only samples with the HCWPAN content were found to be capable of reducing building dead loads and improving thermal insulation efficiency over un-stabilized clay material, if applied as walling elements in buildings. Generally, it was revealed that the cement and HCWPAN have comparable influences on the properties of clay soil, thus indicating that HCWPAN could be utilized as an alternative stabilizer to cement. In addition, the preparation of HCWPAN was found to be more energy-saving than that of the cement.
THE HYDRAULICS OF NATURE-LIKE FISHWAYS
Authors: Mao Xi , Huang Sheng , Xu Yuchen , Cheng Zhong , Zhang Jiehao
Published: January 2022

Nature-like fishway arrangements are commonly used because these structures imitate the characteristics of natural rivers and effectively allow fish to migrate past river sections blocked by hydraulic structures. In this paper, physical models were analyzed, and the velocity distributions of two different fishway structures (Types I and II) were compared. Results showed that the maximum mainstream velocity of the Type I structure was 5.3% lower than that of the Type II structure. However, the average mainstream velocity of the Type I structure was 21.1% greater than that of the Type II structure. The total per-cycle length of the mainstream path in the Type II structure was 2.1 times greater than that of the Type I structure, which indicated that the length of the mainstream path was somewhat proportional to the average velocity of the mainstream. When the flow rate was kept constant, increases in the velocity of the main flow associated with changes in the internal structure of the fishway decreased the average velocity of the main flow, while decreases in the total length of the flow path led to increases in the average velocity of the main flow. Due to frictional head loss along the fishway and local head loss, as well as the overlaps between these factors, the overall flow rate gradually decreased every cycle, despite periodic fluctuations.
REMOTE SENSING DATA IN MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
Authors: Nýdrle Jaroslav
Published: January 2022

This article focuses on the issue of using data obtained through remote sensing methods  in the administrative district of the municipality with extended powers of Liberec (the Czech Republic). The first part of the article discusses the question of using Earth remote sensing data for city agendas in general. Then, it presents a questionnaire, created for evaluating the needs of the Liberec municipality. This questionnaire, focusing on the use of remotely sensed data, was created on the basis of a review of relevant literature. Based on the results of the questionnaire, the following spatial information requirements were chosen to be addressed: land surface temperature map - LST (Landsat 8), vegetation index - NDVI (Sentinel 2, Planet Scope), normalized difference water index - NDWI, NDWI 2 (Sentinel 2), normalized difference built-up index - NDBI (Sentinel 2). All data obtained during the creation of this study have become part of the database of the Urban Planning and GIS Department and are available to employees of the City of Liberec.
Islamic Social Environment Perspective and Intention Decisions of Accounting Students at Islamic Financial Institutions
Authors: Setiawan Ananda
Published: January 2022

The aim of this research is to test the Islamic social environment on interest decisions and tests from a psychologically behavioural perspective rooted in the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in individual interest decisions. The research method uses structural equation modeling (SEM) through SmartPLS 3.0 software, with a sample of 157 accounting students at state universities (PTN), state Islamic religious colleges (PTKIN) and private universities (PTS) located in Central Java, West Java and East Java, Yogyakarta. The test results showed that the Islamic social environment significantly affects interest decisions, theory of planned behaviour (TPB) which has dimensions of attitudes, subjective norms and perceptions of behavioural control have a significant effect on islamic social environment and interest decisions. Meanwhile, attitude and subjective norms point to a significant direction toward interest decisions through islamic social environments, while perceptions of behavioural control are insignificant over decisions