bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences in defence-related gene expression and metabolite accumulation reveal insights into the resistance of Greek grape wine cultivars to  Botrytis  bunch rot
Authors: Tziros George T. , Ainalidou Aggeliki , Samaras Anastasios , Kollaros Marios , Karamanoli Katerina , Menkissoglu-Spiroudi Urania , Karaoglanidis George S.
Published: May 2022

Berries of 13 Greek grape wine cultivars were evaluated for resistance to Botrytis bunch rot. Artificial inoculations on detached berries revealed that the Greek cultivars tested varied regarding their susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea. Cultivar (cv.) “Limnio” was found to be highly resistant, while higher susceptibility was observed on berries of cv. “Roditis”. To determine the molecular basis of the observed resistance or susceptibility of cv. “Limnio” and “Roditis”, an expression analysis of 12 defence-related genes, was carried out on artificially inoculated berries of the two cultivars at different time points after inoculation. Gene expression measurements in the resistant cv. “Limnio” showed that the artificial inoculation with the pathogen triggered the induction of genes encoding pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins such as chitinases (CHIT), polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP), serine proteinase inhibitor (PIN) and enzymes involved in phytoalexin synthesis such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and stilbene synthase (STS). In contrast, on the susceptible cv. “Roditis”, most of the same genes were down-regulated. Metabolomic analysis revealed significant differences in the initial metabolic profiles of “Limnio” and “Roditis” berries. Furthermore, in response to inoculation, the abundance of several metabolites increased in the resistant cultivar indicating intensification of metabolic processes. Proline and mannitol accumulation, as well as the modification of metabolites related to phenylpropanoid and lignin biosynthesis, are among the major players in defence responses of the “Limnio” cultivar. The above findings enhance our understanding of the resistance of Greek grape wine cultivars to B. cinerea and, at the same time, lay the foundation for breeding wine grape cultivars in the future.
CONTROLE DE CONVENCIONALIDADE, TEORIA DO DUPLO CONTROLE E O PACTO NACIONAL DO JUDICIÁRIO PELOS DIREITOS HUMANOS
Authors: Ramos André de Carvalho , Gama Marina Faraco Lacerda
Published: May 2022

Este artigo pretende analisar o atual estágio do universalismo dos direitos humanos no Brasil por meio da investigação do instituto do controle de convencionalidade e da teoria do duplo controle, examinando as possibilidades de um diálogo entre os intérpretes nacionais e internacionais nesta seara por meio das medidas previstas no “Pacto Nacional do Judiciário pelos Direitos Humanos”, lançado pelo Conselho Nacional de Justiça no ano de 2022. Para tanto, parte-se da análise do desenho atual do direito internacional dos direitos humanos, com foco no universalismo em concreto e na importância dos processos internacionais de direitos humanos na formação da interpretação internacionalista da temática. Em seguida, será examinada a delicada relação entre o direito nacional e o direito internacional sob duas diferentes perspectivas: a visão estática e a visão dinâmica. Ao final, serão delimitados os requisitos para caracterização do chamado "diálogo das Cortes” e, na sua impossibilidade, a teoria do duplo controle ou crivo de direitos humanos, que reconhece a atuação em separado do controle de constitucionalidade (STF e juízos nacionais) e do controle de convencionalidade internacional (órgãos de direitos humanos do plano internacional).
The Multifunctional Modulation Micromechanical Gyro
Authors: Bakhtieva Lyalya , Bogolyubov Vladimir , Tumakov Maxim
Published: May 2022

An actual problem of inertial navigation related to the creation of a multifunctional device that performs the functions of a meter for both angular velocities and linear accelerations is considered. The possibility of constructing such a device based on a hybrid-type modulation micromechanical gyroscope has shown. The ability to measure linear accelerations has provided by the presence of a small symmetrical distance between the axes of the elastic suspension relative to the center of mass of the sensor element. A mathematical model of the device ("heavy" gyroscope) as a high-quality three-dimensional oscillatory system is constructed. It has shown numerically that the reaction of the system to the movement of an object has, along with precession, the observed nutation. This allows you to develop an algorithm for separating information about the angular and linear motion of the base and implement a two-component angular velocity meter and a two-component linear acceleration meter in one device.
Identification of fossil contourite drifts in the Delaware Basin, U.S.A.
Authors: Price Buddy J. , Janson Xavier , Kerans Charles , Eberli Gregor P.
Published: May 2022

Carbonate contourite drifts formed by bottom currents are common on modern sea floors but are rarely defined in the rock record. Regional subsurface well-log mapping in the northern Delaware Basin in southeast New Mexico, USA, reveals early Permian carbonate-dominated elongate, mounded accumulations along the slope of the western margin of the basin. Thickness maps also show possible moats oriented oblique to depositional dip. The thickness variations and moat geometries are hard to explain by deposition from gravity flows but are consistent with deposition from bottom currents with a counterclockwise deflection in the basin. The contourite drift system consists of three large elongate carbonate drifts that form in relation to significant bathymetric irregularities which may alter currents, resulting in localized drift accumulations along the slopes.

These findings highlight the significant role bottom currents play in shaping carbonate margin and slope architecture, rivaling the impact of gravity flows. Furthermore, full-scale assessment of the basin geometry and deposits provide insight into paleo-oceanographic circulation that is inherently difficult to assess. Identification of these large sedimentary bodies requires extensive basin-wide data sets, which were acquired by decades of work in the Permian Basin, as well as comparison with drifts in modern carbonate settings. These new interpretations in one of the most data-rich geologic regions in the world indicate that drift systems may be easily overlooked and are likely more common in the ancient rock record than currently recognized.
Students’ Perceptions on Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) in EFL Class: An Overview of Altissia Usage
Authors: Losi Rizky Vita
Published: May 2022

Previous research has revealed that MALL are becoming widely used since it can increase students’ knowledge and skills in English language learning. This study aimed to investigate students’ perceptions on MALL, particularly Altissia, in EFL class. Most of students did not use or access Altissia during the learning process was becoming one of the problems that leads to the low ability in students’ English skills. In total, thirty students answered a questionnaire survey after experiencing Altissia in their learning activity. The findings revealed that the students’ agreement to the positive perceptions were showed in the questionnaire prevailed over their disagreement or neutral responses. Altissia contributed great impact on their listening skills and vocabulary knowledge. Altissia also supported them to enhance their motivation and interest to keep learning English. Students felt excited in learning new levels in different topics on Altissia. Students could practice to communicate their English skills more often after learning with Altissia. On the other hand, as the findings also indicated the students did not get any notification related to the study time and they did not experience writing activity on Altissia. Moreover, Altissia can be an alternative learning media that can improve students’ skills in their EFL class.
Immediate versus early (24-hours) urinary catheter removal after elective minimally invasive colonic resection: study protocol for a randomized, multicenter, non-inferiority trial
Authors: Pedrazzani Corrado , Montroni Isacco , Conti Cristian , Turri Giulia , Foppa Caterina , Carvello Michele , Taffurelli Giovanni , Ugolini Giampaolo , Spinelli Antonino
Published: May 2022

Background
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) represents the standard of care in colorectal surgery. Among ERAS items, early removal of urinary catheter (UC) is considered a key issue, though adherence to this specific item still varies among centers. UC placement allows for monitoring of post-operative urinary output but relates to an increased risk of urinary tract infection (UTI), reduced mobility, and patient’s discomfort. Several studies investigated the role of early UC removal specifically looking at the rate of acute urinary retention (AUR) but most of them were retrospective, single-center, underpowered, cohort studies. The main purpose of this study is to compare the rate of AUR after immediate (at the end of the surgery) versus early (within 24 hours from the completion of surgery) removal of UC in patients undergoing minimally invasive colorectal resection (MICR). The secondary outcomes focus on goals that could be positively impacted by the immediate removal of the UC at the end of the surgery. In particular, the rate of UTIs, perception of pain, time-to-return of bowel and physical functions, postoperative complications and length of hospital stay will be measured.
Methods
This is a prospective, randomized, controlled, two-arm, multi-center, study comparing the rate of AUR after immediate versus early removal of UC in patients undergoing minimally invasive colorectal resection (MICR). The investigators hypothesize that immediate UC removal is non-inferior to 24-hours UC removal in terms of AUR rate. Randomization is at the patient level and participants are randomized 1:1 to remove their UC either immediately or within 24 hours from the completion of surgery. Those eligible for inclusion were patients undergoing any MICR with an anastomosis above the peritoneal reflection. Those patients who need to continue urinary output monitoring after the surgery will be excluded. The number of patients calculated to be enrolled in each group is 108 based on an expected AUR rate of 3% for the 24-hours UC removal group and considering acceptable an AUR of 9% for the immediate UC removal group.
Discussion
The demonstration of a non-inferiority of immediate versus 24-hours removal of UC would call into question the usefulness of urinary drainage in the setting of MICR.
Trials registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT05249192. Prospectively registered on 9th February 2022.
Accuracy of medical student measurements of CT right-to-left ventricular diameter in patients with acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Durant Edward , Fetterolf Sarah M. , Engelhart Darcy C. , Farshidpour Leyla S. , Shan Judy , Hung Yun-Yi , Chang Joshua C. , Roudsari Bahman Sayyar , Vinson David R.
Published: May 2022

Background:Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common disease with varying presentations, necessitating risk stratification to determine management. Measurement of right ventricle (RV) to left ventricle (LV) ratio >=1.0 on computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) suggests RV strain, which may indicate a worse prognosis. Two prior studies showed that residents with brief training by a radiologist could accurately measure RV/LV ratio on CTPA. In this study, we assessed whether medical students could accurately measure RV dilatation on CTPA. Methods: We conducted a post hoc analysis of a retrospective cohort study of adults undergoing management for acute PE at 21 community Emergency Departments across Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) from 2013 to 2015. We created a sample of 120 patients from the original 2,387 patients, stratified to contain an equal number of patients from each of the five Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index classes. The sample had a proportional ratio of home/short stay to hospitalized patients. Four medical students measured RV and LV diameter on CTPA after a series of brief training sessions from an emergency medicine physician and an interventional radiologist. We used Cohen’s kappa statistics, Bland-Altman plots, and Pearson correlation coefficients to assess interrater reliability, comparing the student measurements with those of the radiologist. Results:Of the 120 CTPAs, 108 images were accessible and constitute the study cohort. Among the 108 CTPAs, 79 (73%) showed RV dilatation and 29 (27%) did not. The kappa statistic for the presence of RV dilatation of the medical students compared to the radiologist showed moderate agreement for 3 medical students (kappa (95% CI): 0.46 (0.21-0.70), 0.49 (0.31-0.68), 0.50 (0.32- 0.68)) and fair agreement for one medical student (kappa (95% CI): 0.29 (0.10- 0.47)). The average interrater differences in RV/LV ratio between a radiologist and each of the four medical students were -0.04, -0.05, 0.04, and 0.24. Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.87, 0.80, 0.74, and 0.78, respectively, indicating moderate correlation (p<0.001 for all).Conclusion: With brief training, medical students were able to identify RV dilatation on CTPA in moderate agreement with that of a radiologist. Further study is needed to determine whether medical student accuracy could improve with additional training.
An International, Stepped-Wedge, Cluster-Randomized Trial Investigating the 0/1-hour Algorithm in Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome in Asia: The rational of the DROP-Asian ACS study
Authors: Inoue Kenji , Chieh Jack Tan Wei , Yeh Lim Chew , Chiang Shuo-Ju , Phrommintikul Arintaya , Suwanasom Pannipa , Kasim Sazzli , Ahmad Bakhtiar , Mohammad Alzamani , Oyamada Shunsuke , Hirano Yohei , Ouchi Shohei , Terakura Moriyuki , Yokoyama Naoyuki , Kozuma Ken , Nanasato Mamoru , Higuchi Ryosuke , Yumoto Kazuhiko , Fukuzawa Tomoyuki , Shimada Issei , Giannitsis Evangelos , Twerenbold Raphael , Minamino Tohru
Published: May 2022

BackgroundMore than half of the world’s population lives in Asia. With current life expectancies in Asian countries, the burden of cardiovascular disease is increasing exponentially. Overcrowding in the emergency departments (ED) has become a public health problem. Since 2015, the European Society of Cardiology recommends the use of a 0/1-h algorithm based on high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) for rapid triage of patients with suspected non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). However, these algorithms are currently not recommended by Asian guidelines due to the lack of suitable data.MethodsThe DROP-Asian ACS is a prospective, stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial enrolling 4,080 participants presenting with chest pain to the ED of eleven centers in five Asian countries within 20.5 months (UMIN; 000042461). Initially, all clusters will apply 'usual care' according to local standard operating procedures including hs-cTnT but not the 0/1-h algorithm. Every 1.5 months, one cluster will randomly be allocated to switch to the 0/1-h algorithm using hs-cTnT. The primary outcome is the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), the composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina or revascularization within 30 days. The difference in MACE (with one-sided 95% CI) was estimated to evaluate non-inferiority. The non-inferiority margin was prespecified at 1.5%. Secondary efficacy outcomes include costs for healthcare resources and duration of stay in ED. ConclusionsThis study provides important evidence concerning the safety and efficacy of the 0/1-h algorithm in Asian countries and may help to reduce congestion of the ED as well as medical costs.
Will COVID-19 directives to reduce regularly scheduled physical examinations affect recurrence detection in early breast cancer patients?
Authors: Beltran-Bless Ana-Alicia , Alshamsan Bader , Alzahrani Mashari Jemaan , Hilton John , Baines Kelly-Anne , Samuel Vicky , Pond Gregory R , Vandermeer Lisa , Clemons Mark , Larocque Gail
Published: May 2022

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a rapid move to virtual care. Questions exist as to whether reduced in-person assessment, with physical examination of early breast cancer patients (EBC), will affect the detection of recurrences. We evaluated recurrence patterns of patients transferred into a survivorship program through a single centre Wellness Beyond Cancer Program (WBCP).Methods: Consecutive EBC patients who returned to formal oncologist follow-up between February 1, 2013, and January 1, 2019, due to breast cancer recurrence were reviewed. Descriptive analyses were used to present patients and disease characteristics stratified by type of recurrence and mode of cancer detection.Results: Of 206 recurrences, 41 were ipsilateral breast recurrences (19.9%), 135 were distant recurrences (65.5%), and 30 were contralateral new breast cancers (14.6%). Ipsilateral breast recurrences were detected by patients in 53.7% (22/41) of cases and by routine imaging in 41.5% (17/21). The majority of distant recurrences (125/135, 92.6%) were detected via patient-reported symptoms. Contralateral breast primaries were primarily detected by imaging 83.3% (25/30) and patient-reported symptoms 16.7%, (5/30). Only 2/206 (1.14%) recurrences/new primaries were detected by healthcare providers at routinely scheduled follow-up visits.Conclusions: Despite following ASCO follow-up guidelines, healthcare providers rarely detect recurrences at routine follow-up appointments. While reduced in-person visits may affect other aspects of follow-up care (e.g. toxicity management), it appears unlikely, provided patients attend regular screening tests, that less frequent in-person follow-up is associated with worse breast cancer-related outcomes.
Effects of less invasive surfactant administration versus intubation-surfactant-extubation on bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome: a single-center, retrospective study from China
Authors: Xu Chun-cai , Bao Ying-ying , Zhao Jing-xin , Cheng Ke , Wu Jing-yuan , Wu Ming-yuan , Zhu Jiajun
Published: May 2022

Background
This study evaluated the effects of less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) and intubation-surfactant-extubation (InSurE) on bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).
Methods
Neonates with respiratory distress syndrome requiring surfactant, with gestational ages < 32 weeks and birth weights < 1500 g admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit from January 2018 to December 2019, were retrospectively analyzed. LISA and InSurE were used independently. The incidence of BPD at 36 weeks postmenstrual age, pre-discharge mortality, and need for mechanical ventilation (MV) within 72 h of birth were compared between LISA and InSurE group. Secondary outcomes including necrotizing enterocolitis requiring surgery, retinopathy of prematurity ≥ stage 3, patent ductus arteriosus requiring medical therapy or surgery, and length of hospitalization were analyzed.
Results
Among the 148 included neonates, there were 46 and 102 infants in the LISA and InSurE groups, respectively. There were no significant between-group differences in BPD incidence, the severity of BPD at 36 weeks postmenstrual age, and the rate of MV within the first 72 h after birth (P > 0.05). The incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis requiring surgery, retinopathy of prematurity ≥ stage 3, patent ductus arteriosus requiring medical therapy or surgery, and length of hospitalization did not differ significantly between the two groups (P > 0.05).
Conclusions
For surfactant administration among preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome, LISA did not decrease bronchopulmonary dysplasia and severity of BPD at 36 weeks postmenstrual age. The benefits of LISA require further evaluation.
Recapitulation of pro-inflammatory signature of monocytes with ACVR1 mutation using FOP patient-derived iPSCs.
Authors: Maekawa Hirotsugu , Jin Yonghui , Nishio Megumi , Kawai Shunsuke , Nagata Sanae , Kamakura Takeshi , Yoshitomi Horoyuki , Niwa Akira , Saito Megumi , Matsuda Shuichi , Toguchida Junya
Published: May 2022

Background Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disease characterized by progressive heterotopic ossification (HO) in soft tissues due to a heterozygous mutation of the ACVR1A/ALK2 gene (FOP-ACVR1A), which erroneously transduces the BMP signal by Activin-A. Although inflammation is known to trigger HO in FOP, the role of FOP-ACVR1A on inflammatory cells remains to be elucidated. Results We generated immortalized monocytic cell lines from FOP-iPSCs (FOP-ML) and mutation rescued iPSCs (resFOP-ML). Cell morphology was evaluated during the monocyte induction and after immortalization. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was performed to evaluate the cell surface markers, CD14 and CD16, on MLs. MLs were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Activin-A and the gene expression was evaluated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and microarray analysis. Histological analysis was performed for HO tissue obtained from wild type mice and FOP-ACVR1 mice which conditionally express human mutant ACVR1 gene by doxycycline (Dox) administration.Without any stimulation, FOP-ML showed the pro-inflammatory signature of CD16+ monocytes with upregulation of INHBA gene, and treatment of resFOP-ML with Activin-A induced the expression profile mimicking those of FOP-ML at baseline. Treatment of FOP-ML with Activin-A further induced the inflammatory profile with up-regulation of inflammation-associated genes, some, but not all, of which were suppressed by corticosteroid. Experiments using an inhibitor for TGFβ or BMP signal demonstrated that Activin-A-induced genes such as CD16 and CCL7 were regulated by both signals, indicating Activin-A transduced dual signals in FOP-ML. Comparison with resFOP-ML identified several down-regulated genes in FOP-ML including LYVE-1 , which is known to suppress matrix-formation in vivo. Down-regulation of LYVE-1 in HO tissues was confirmed in FOP model mice, verifying the significance of in vitro experiments. Conclusion These results indicate that FOP-ML faithfully recapitulated the phenotype of primary monocytes of FOP and the combination with resFOP-ML is a useful tool to investigate molecular events at the initial inflammation stage of HO in FOP.
Antifouling Activity of Isonitrosoacetanilides Against Micro and Macrofouling
Authors: Agostini Vanessa Ochi , Martinez Sabrina Teixeira , Muxagata Erik , Macedo Alexandre José , Pinho Grasiela Lopes Leães
Published: May 2022

Biofouling is responsible by structural and economic damage on man-made surfaces. Antifouling paints with biocides had been applied in these structures to avoid organisms adhesion, however they show high toxicity and they are not able to avoid all biofouling process, necessitating the mechanical removal of organisms periodically and paint reapplication. Thus, there is an urgent demand for novel, effective, and environmentally friendly antifouling alternative. As isonitrosoacetanilide is the precursor for many compounds with antibacterial activity, we believe that it could show an antifouling activity potential against microfouling and per consequence also against macrofouling. The aim of this work was to investigate the antifouling potential of six isonitrosoacetanilides compounds and their toxicity. The compounds were employed in different concentrations (0.625–1.25–2.5–5–10 µg mL-1) in this study. The biofilm and planktonic bacteria inhibition and biofilm eradication potential were evaluated through by crystal violet assay, while Amphibalus amphitrite barnacle was evaluated by cyprid settlement assay. Toxicity evaluation (LC50 and EC50) was performed with A. amphitrite nauplii II and cyprid larvae. 4-Br-INA, 4-CH3-INA, and 2-Br-INA compounds, at least one of the tested concentrations, showed non-toxic antifouling activity against microfouling (antibiofilm) and macrofouling (anti-settlement). However, only 4-CH3-INA and 2-Br-INA showed also biofilm eradication potential. These compounds with antibiofilm activity and non-toxic effects could be combined with acrylic base paint resin or added directly into commercial paints in place of toxicant biocides to cover artificial structures as friendly antifouling.
Role of hypoxia-related genes in breast cancer based on a comprehensive analysis of scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq
Authors: Sun Rui , Yin Wenming , Zha Yilin , Xi Dan , Shao Yingjie , Gu Wendong , Jiang Jingting
Published: May 2022

Background: The hypoxic state in tumor microenvironment of breast cancer favors the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells thus affecting patient survival. In this study, we aimed to combine single-cell sequencing data and bulk sequencing data to construct hypoxia-related prognostic signature of breast cancer patients.Methods:Single-cell RNA transcriptome data of MCF7 cells subjected to hypoxia microenvironment, the bulk tumour transcriptome data and clinical data were loaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Screening for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MCF7 cells under hypoxic microenvironment. Functional enrichment analysis of these DGEs was performed via Gene ontology annotation (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA). Univariate, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression algorithm and multivariate Cox regression were applied to determine the prognostic gene signature. Risk score and clinical features were used to construct a nomogram model. 22 immune cell infiltrates were calculated using the CIBERSORT algorithm and correlations between risk scores and tumor microenvironment were analyzed. Results:Total 329 DEGs between the hypoxia and normoxia state were identified from scRNA-seq data. GO, KEGG and GSVA analysis revealed that the most gene sets were related to hypoxia. Combined with information of 1099 breast cancer samples sourced from the TCGA database, we identified four genes (ERRFI1, HSPB8, PGK1, STC2) to be independent prognostic genes, and risk scores based on their gene expression were calculated for each patient. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a negative correlation between risk score and patient survival time. The validation using GSE20685 dataset data also yielded similar results. Risk scores and clinical data were considered as independent prognostic factors for breast cancer patients for the construction of a nomogram model, and the model showed good prognostic power. CIBERSORT algorithms was used to calculate 22 immune cell infiltrates in BRCA patients, and the analysis demonstrated that risk scores were positively associated with immunosuppression.Conclusions:In summary, we used single-cell sequencing data from MCF-7 cells under hypoxic conditions to identify prognosis-related genes, and the constructed prognostic model displayed well predictive properties.
Risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with resolved infection on therapy with corticosteroids and conventional synthesis immunosuppressants for kidney disease — a single-centre analysis of 258 patients
Authors: Han Pingyang , Wang Ziqiu , Wang Zhaohui , Shen Pingyan , Zhang Wen , Ren Hong
Published: May 2022

Background
The risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in patients with a previously resolved HBV (prHBV) infection on therapy with corticosteroids and conventional synthesis immunosuppressants (csISs) for kidney disease has not been well described.
Methods
We performed a retrospective study on the risk of HBV reactivation (HBVr) in patients with a prHBV infection on therapy with corticosteroids and csISs for kidney disease between January 2012 and December 2021 in the Department of Nephrology at Ruijin Hospital.
Results
A total of 258 patients with a prHBV infection (all treated with high-dose corticosteroids, of whom 192 were receiving a corticosteroid combined with csISs therapy, including cyclophosphamide (155), cyclosporine A (14), mycophenolate mofetil (14), and tacrolimus (9)) were enrolled. During a mean follow-up time of 21.66 months (range: 9–70 months), HBVr were not observed in these patients.
Conclusions
Among patients with a prHBV infection on therapy with corticosteroids and csISs for kidney disease, HBVr was not common and severe, suggesting that universal prophylaxis may not be justified or cost-effective in this clinical setting.
Approximation-free control based on the bioinspired reference model for suspension systems with uncertainty and unknown nonlinearity
Authors: Hu Xiaoyan , Wen Guilin , Yin Shan , Tan Zhao , Pan Zebang
Published: May 2022

Uncertainty and unknown nonlinearity are often inevitable in the suspension systems, which were often solved using fuzzy logic system (FLS) or neural networks (NNs). However, these methods are restricted by the structural complexity of the controller and the huge computing cost. Meanwhile, the estimation error of such approximators is affected by adopted adaptive laws and learning gains. Thus, in view of the above problem, this paper proposes the approximation-free control based on the bioinspired reference model for a class of uncertain suspension systems with unknown nonlinearity. The proposed method integrates the superior vibration suppression of the bioinspired reference model and the structural advantage of the prescribed performance function (PPF) in approximation-free control. Then, the vibration suppression performance is improved, the calculation burden is relieved, and the transient performance is improved, which is analyzed theoretically in this paper. Finally, the simulation results validate the approach, and the comparisons show the advantages of the proposed control method in terms of good vibration suppression, fast convergence, and less calculation burden.
Superdense state of the monolayer hydrogen on adsorbent under liquefied temperature
Authors: Gi Hiroyuki , Kashiwara Yuki , Itoh Yuki , Sharma Khushbu , Ogita Norio , Miyaoka Hiroki , Ogawa Tomofumi , Simanullang Marolop , Prost Laurent , Ichikawa Takayuki
Published: May 2022

A systematic examination of the cryogenic H2 adsorption properties below critical point of H2 (Tc = 33 K) on a various kind of adsorbents was carried out, then the density of adsorbed H2 on each adsorbent and its temperature dependence were experimentally compared with the liquid H2. Usually, H2 adsorption on porous materials was investigated at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K) to realize its practical application for H2 storage and most of reports have focused on the development of new porous materials. On the other hand, this work was focused for the first time on the cryogenic H2 adsorption properties of metal organic frame works, superactivated carbon, and graphene nanoplatelets. We found superdense H2 adsorption as the monolayer state, having much higher density than liquid H2, which is contrary to the general understanding that the upper limit of adsorbed H2 density is believed to the density of liquid H2.
The mechanism of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate in regulating the inflammatory microenvironment of gastric cancer
Authors: Miao Yuqing , Zhou Wenli , Wei Kunchen , Dong Fangyuan , Tang Yuan , Jiang Chang , Wang Jiejun
Published: May 2022

Background:
To determine the mechanism of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate in regulating the inflammatory microenvironment to antagonize gastric cancer.
Methods:
We established MFC xenograft mouse models to investigate the effects of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate on gastric cancer. A PCR Array chip was deployed to detect the expression level of 96 genes associated with inflammation and immune response. We used immunohistochemistry to stain the key immune cells to observe the density changes in gastric cancer inflammatory microenvironment. The possible mechanism was further investigated in Raw264.7 cells fed with conditioned media from MFC, the expression of M1 and M2 markers were tested by Western blot and ELISA.
Results:
Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate reduced the tumor weight, volume and improved survival rate of gastric cancer xenograft mice. From the results of chip screening, changes in inflammation and immune response regulation factors included chemokines and receptors (CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCR1), interleukins and receptors (IL-1β, IL10, IL23A, IL2, IL12, IL1R1), TNF-α and key molecules in NF-κB pathway. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate induced the aggregation of CD8 + T cells, reduced Treg infiltration and increased the density of macrophages. M2 macrophage marker Arg1 and cytokines such as IL6, IL10, VEGF-A were down-regulated, on the contrary, the expression of M1 markers iNOS and cytokines IL -12 were up-regulated.
Conclusions:
Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate can regulate the inflammatory microenvironment to enhance anti-tumor immunity and suppress immune escape in gastric cancer. Most importantly, it can induce macrophage differentiation into M1 probably through the NF-κB pathway in the cancer inflammatory microenvironment.
Does the ultrasonic activation of calcium silicate-based sealers affect their physicochemical properties?
Authors: Silva Isadora Ames , Só Gabriel Barcelos , Weissheimer Theodoro , Mendes Aline , Hashizume Lina Naomi , Só Marcus Vinícius Reis , Rosa Ricardo Abreu da
Published: May 2022

Objective
Evaluate the influence of ultrasonic activation (UA) on the physicochemical properties of calcium silicate sealers.
Methods
Nine experimental conditions were created based on the calcium silicate sealers (Bio-C Sealer, Sealer Plus BC, and Bio Root RCS) and the ultrasonic activation (no activation, 10 seconds, and 20 seconds). Activation was performed with an ultrasonic insert 20/.01. The mold for the physicochemical analysis was filled and evaluated according to the ANSI/ADA specification nº. 57: initial and final setting time, flow, radiopacity and solubility. Tests were also performed to evaluate pH and calcium ion release with experimental periods of 1, 24, 72, and 168 hours. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey tests. The significance level was set at 5%.
Results
The time of UA progressively delayed the initial setting time for all calcium silicate sealers (P < .05). Twenty seconds of UA increased the mean flow values of Sealer Plus BC and Bio-C Sealer compared to NA (P < .05). UA did not influence the radiopacity and solubility of the tested sealers (P > .05). UA for 20 seconds enhanced the pH levels and the calcium ion release of Sealer Plus BC and Bio-C Sealer at 168h (P < .05).
Conclusion
UA for twenty seconds interferes with some physicochemical properties of calcium silicate sealers.
Clinical Relevance:
Twenty seconds of ultrasonic activation can improve the flowability, pH, and calcium ion release of Sealer Plus BC and Bio-C Sealer. Setting time was progressively delayed the longer the ultrasonic activation.
A real-time rural domestic garbage detection algorithm with an improved YOLOv5s network model
Authors: Jiang Xiangkui , Hu Haochang , Qin Yuemei , Hu Yihui , Ma Shuaiyin , Ding Rui
Published: May 2022

With the continuous promotion of green environmental protection and the circular economy, rural garbage classification and treatment have become a hot issue to be solved in China. A growing number of researchers use deep learning technology to classify and treat garbage in rural areas, and have achieved certain effect. Nevertheless, there are still the following issues that require to be optimized: (1) the cost of model training is high; (2) missing detection behavior when detecting small and multiple targets; (3) the precision and real-time of the model cannot be satisfied simultaneously. For the sake of solving these problems, we trained a garbage classification and detection model applied to rural areas based on the YOLOv5 algorithm. In general, there are four contributions in our work: (1) an attention combination mechanism is introduced to build a better backbone network structure; (2) a new small target detection layer is added to the head network in order to enhance the model's ability to detect small targets; (3) the CIoU loss function is used to optimize the output prediction bounding box; (4) the Adam optimization algorithm is selected to enhance the convergence speed of the model during the training, while reducing the degree of fluctuation of the loss value. Compared with the original YOLOv5s network model, the detection speed is improved by 10ms and the detection accuracy is improved by 4.6%. Compared with the mainstream detection algorithms Fast R-CNN, SSD and YOLOv3, the improved algorithm has higher FPS value and mAP@0.5 value, that is 47.6 frames/s and 96.4% respectively. Our proposed YOLOv5s-CSS model detects a single garbage image with the speed of 0.021s and the detection accuracy of 96.4%. Meanwhile it reduces the complexity of the network model to a certain extent, which can meet the requirements of real-time detection of rural domestic garbage.
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of DhHP-6 as a synthetic oxidase-mimickingmimicase enzyme in an experimental rat model of periodontitis
Authors: Yan Jiaqing , Zheng Lan , Zhu Ying , Chen Qiuyan , Yang Yimeng , Yu Huimei , Li Zhengqiang
Published: May 2022

Deuterohemin-ala-his-thr-val-glu-lys (DhHP-6) is a new type of synthetic oxidase-mimicking enzyme, has antioxidant effects and the ability to scavenge free radicals. It also has the potential to act as an antioxidant enzyme. In this study, an oxidative stress model of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in vitro and a rat periodontitis model in vivo were established to study the antioxidant effect of DhHP-6 and its mechanism, the inflammatory response of periodontitis, and the protective effect of DhHP-6 on alveolar bone resorption induced by periodontitis. DhHP-6 reduced oxidative stress and the expression of inflammatory factors in HGFs. DhHP-6 had a dose-dependent protective effect on alveolar bone absorption in rats with periodontitis, enhanced rat antioxidant capacity and reduced inflammation. Micro-CT scanning showed that DhHP-6 reduced alveolar bone loss and improved the bone structure of the left maxillary first molar of rats. HE staining results showed that, compared with the control, there were no obvious morphological and histological changes in the rat organs. These results suggest that DhHP-6 can be used to treat experimental periodontitis in rats by increasing the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidants in systemic and local tissues, which reduces the content of oxidation products and cyto-inflammatory factors.
Socio-economic and Socio-cultural Influences on Newly Qualified Physicians’ Preparedness to Practice Palliative Care in Nigeria - A Qualitative Study
Authors: Oji Nwabata , Onyeka Tonia , Soyannwo Olaitan , Paal Piret , Elsner Frank
Published: May 2022

Background
Dealing with life-limiting illnesses, death, dying and grief, is uncharted territory for the fresh medical graduate. It is a field that is heavily influenced by cultural, religio-spiritual and social factors. These add a complexity to palliative and end-of-life-care that challenges newly qualified physicians and requires the formation of appropriate knowledge, skills and attitudes in the junior doctor. This study aimed at obtaining insight into the perspectives and preparedness of newly qualified physicians in Nigeria, regarding the practice of palliative care.
Methods
The study was a cross-sectional, multicentre survey of newly qualified Nigerian physicians, using semi-structured qualitative interviews. The data was analysed, applying content-structuring qualitative content analysis.
Results
Forty semi-structured interviews were held with medical House Officers at two Nigerian tertiary institutions. The qualitative content analysis resulted in a comprehensive code system. Palliative care practice as experienced by young physicians in Nigeria was highlighted by four codes: Breaking Bad News; Pronouncing a Prognosis and Diagnosing Dying; Involving the Family and Pain and Symptom Management. Other codes highlighted possible influences on the newly qualified physicians’ palliative care practice. Main themes that were the major influencers here were: socio-economic considerations of a resource-limited setting and cultural-religious aspects characteristic to Nigeria.
Conclusions
This study offers valuable insight into potential socio-cultural and socio-economic variables on palliative care practice in Nigeria. Evidence on social, cultural and religio-spiritual dimensions of palliative care is indispensable for culturally sensitive care. The results could aid in the development of appropriate knowledge, skills and attitudes in newly qualified physicians through culturally and contextually appropriate palliative care training measures. The results may be applicable to other Sub-Saharan African settings and to African communities in the diaspora and may be used to improve future palliative care practice with a socio-cultural perspective.
Live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis virus inhibits glioblastoma growth and elicits potent antitumor immunity
Authors: Qi Zhongbing , Zhao Jing , Li Yuhua , Zhang Bin , Hu Shichuan , Chen Yanwei , Ma Jinhu , Shu Yongheng , Wang Yunmeng , Cheng Ping
Published: May 2022

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive form of brain tumor. GBM has become resistant to currently available conventional therapies, including surgery, radiation, and systemic chemotherapy. Here, we investigated the oncolytic properties of a live attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine strain (JEV-LAV) virus for the treatment of GBM. JEV-LAV demonstrated oncolytic activity against GBM tumor cells in vitro and inhibited its growth in vivo. Besides, it effectively prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Mechanistically, JEV-LAV increased the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the tumor tissues and remodeled the immunosuppressive GBM microenvironment that is not conducive to immunotherapy. Consequently, when combined with an immune checkpoint inhibitor, JEV-LAV therapy improved the response of aPD-L1 blockade therapy against GBM. The safety of intracerebral injection of JEV-LAV in the treated animals further provided support for the clinical application of JEV-LAV as a GBM therapy.
Analyse micreconometrique the Determinants of socio-economic in the use of basic health services in Senegal
Authors: Kâ Mamadou Moustapha
Published: May 2022

Background: In spite of social and economic interventions, state health policies have not yet succeeded in providing households in poor and low-income areas with better chances of survival and better chances of using health services. Health services are part of a larger structure called the health system. The health system is made up of all the elements that determine the health status of a population. The starting point of the health system is the population and more specifically the identification of the health needs of that population.The objective of this paper is to assess the influence of the different factors determining the use of health services in Senegal.Health inequities undermine the lives and futures of all vulnerable groups by creating systems of social injustice.Methods: Since the outcome variable was a dichotomous variable, a discrete choice model was employed to show how the explanatory variables correlated with the outcome variable. Specifically, the binary logistic regression was employed given that this technique is more appropriate for dichotomous variables. A key assumption underlying the binary logistic regression model is that the dependent variable should be dichotomous in nature and the data should not have any outlier.Results: The results showed that the main finding of the study is that low educational attainment has significant negative effects on health service utilization. In fact, educational attainment is one of the key determinants of health.Household economic status, which was grouped into four representative modalities form the three explanatory variables, and each of the individuals classified according to these modalities through their income strongly influences the decision to go to the hospital.JEL classification : H51, H52, H53, H75
Impact of Resettlement programme on Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics: The Case of Selected Resettlement Villages in Abobo District, Gambella, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: ochocho Abraham , wubela berhanu
Published: May 2022

Most of the studies solely focused on specific resettlement sites neglecting Abobo woreda which is one of the resettlement program areas in Ethiopia. No study has particularly investigated the impact of the program on land use and its cover dynamics in Abobo, where the significant numbers of households resettled. This study; therefore, aimed at to fill the research gap that was missed intending to analyse the impact of resettlement on land use cover dynamics in Abobo district, Western Ethiop. To conduct this study three periods of images of Landsat 4TM, 1982, Landsat 5TM1998 and Landsat 8ETM+ 2014 were used. Google Earth has been used for ground verification. Data was analysed by using Arcgis10.1, ENVI 4.7 and Microsoft excels 2007 software. The study detected conversion type of changes. The result of the study depicted that continuous expansion of farmland, settlement as well as grassland increase with the rate of + 21.58ha, + 20.46ha and + 19.36ha per year at the expanse of forest and woodland area. Further, both forest and woodland are diminished with a rate of -34.22ha and 27.20ha per year respectively. In addition, forestland and woodland are the two most shrinking land cover types which imply the loss of vegetation due to expansion of farmland and settlement. Therefore, resettlement should not be taken as the best alternative to minimize drought and famine or ensure food security, to guarantee effective food security in the long run. Other Strategies such as in addition to crop farming, the promotion of livestock production and off-farm employment; natural resource conservation and rehabilitation should be adopted in the district.
GsMYB7 Encoding a R2R3-type MYB Transcription Factor Enhances the Tolerance to Aluminum Stress in Soybean (Glycine Max.L)
Authors: hongjie wang , Yin Xiangli , Du Dan , Liang Zhongyi , Han Zhenzhen , Nian Hai , Ma Qibin
Published: May 2022

Background
TMYB transcription factor (TF) is one of the largest families of TFs in plants and play essential roles in plant growth and development, and is involved in responses to biological and abiotic stress. However, there are limited reports on GsMYB7 gene in soybean under aluminum acid stress, and its regulatory mechanism remains unclear.
Results
The GsMYB7 protein is localized in the nucleus and has transcriptional activation ability. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that GsMYB7 held a constitutive expression pattern rich in roots. When AlCl3 concentration was 25 µM, the total root surface area (SA) of GsMYB7 transgenic lines were 34.97% higher than that of wild-type. While the accumulation of Al3+ in root tip of transgenic plants after aluminum treatment was 17.39% lower than that of wild-type Huachun 6 (HC6). RNA-sequencing analysis indicated that over 1181 genes were regulated by GsMYB7 and aluminum stress. Among all the regulated genes, the expression levels of glutathione peroxidase, protein kinase, cytochrome and other genes in the transgenic lines were significantly higher than those in wild type by acidic aluminum stress. The bioinformatics and qRT-PCR results showed that 9 candidate genes were induced under the treatments of acidic aluminum stress which were indirectly and/or directly regulated by GsMYB7. After AlCl3 treatments, the transcripts of these genes in GsMYB7 transgenic seedlings were significantly higher than those of wide-type HC6.
Conclusions
The results suggested that GsMYB7 may enhance soybean tolerance to acidic aluminum stress by regulating the downstream genes.