bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adults with Crohn’s disease exhibit elevated gynoid fat and reduced android fat irrespective of disease relapse or remission
Authors: Dowling Lisa , Jakeman Philip , Norton Catherine , Skelly Maeve M. , Yousuf Hamid , Kiernan Miranda G. , Toomey Margaret , Bowers Sheila , Dunne Suzanne S. , Coffey J. Calvin , Dunne Colum P.
Published: September 2021

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a debilitating inflammatory bowel condition of unknown aetiology that is growing in prevalence globally. Large-scale studies have determined associations between female obesity or low body mass index (BMI) with risk of CD at all ages or 8– < 40 years, respectively. For males, low BMI entering adult life is associated with increased incidence of CD or ulcerative colitis up to 40 years later. Body composition analysis has shown that combinations of lean tissue loss and high visceral fat predict poor CD outcomes. Here, we assessed dietary intake, physical activity and whole or regional body composition of patients with CD relapse or remission. This anthropometric approach found people with CD, irrespective of relapse or remission, differed from a large representative healthy population sample in exhibiting elevated gynoid fat and reduced android fat. CD is associated with mesenteric adipose tissue, or “creeping fat”, that envelops affected intestine exclusive of other tissue; that fat is localised to the android region of the body. In this context, CD mesenteric adiposity represents a stark juxtaposition of organ-specific and regional adiposity. Although our study population was relatively small, we suggest tentatively that there is a rationale to refer to Crohn’s disease as a fatty intestine condition, akin to fatty liver conditions. We suggest that our data provide early insight into a subject that potentially warrants further investigation across a larger patient cohort.
A bimolecular fluorescence complementation flow cytometry screen for membrane protein interactions
Authors: Schmitz Florian , Glas Jessica , Neutze Richard , Hedfalk Kristina
Published: September 2021

Interactions between membrane proteins within a cellular environment are crucial for all living cells. Robust methods to screen and analyse membrane protein complexes are essential to shed light on the molecular mechanism of membrane protein interactions. Most methods for detecting protein:protein interactions (PPIs) have been developed to target the interactions of soluble proteins. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays allow the formation of complexes involving PPI partners to be visualized in vivo, irrespective of whether or not these interactions are between soluble or membrane proteins. In this study, we report the development of a screening approach which utilizes BiFC and applies flow cytometry to characterize membrane protein interaction partners in the host Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These data allow constructive complexes to be discriminated with statistical confidence from random interactions and potentially allows an efficient screen for PPIs in vivo within a high-throughput setup.
Multi frequency multi bit amplitude modulation of spoof surface plasmon polaritons by schottky diode bridged interdigital SRRs
Authors: Ling Haotian , Zhang Baoqing , Feng Mingming , Qian Pengfei , Wang Yiming , Wang Qingpu , Zhang Yifei , Song Aimin
Published: September 2021

Multi-frequency multi-bit programmable amplitude modulation (AM) of spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) is realized at millimeter wave frequencies with interdigital split-ring resonators (SRRs) and In-Ga-Zn-O (IGZO) Schottky diodes. Periodic SRRs on a metal line guide both SRR mode and spoof SPP mode, the former of which rejects the spoof SPP propagation at the SRR resonant frequencies. To actively modulate the amplitude of spoof SPPs, IGZO Schottky diodes are fabricated in the SRR gaps, which continuously re-configure SRRs to metallic loops by applying bias. Interdigital gaps are designed in SRRs to increase the capacitance, thus red shifting the resonant frequencies, which significantly broadens the operation bandwidth of multi-frequency AM. Thus, cascading different kinds of interdigital SRRs with Schottky diodes enables multi-frequency multi-bit AM programmable. As a demonstration, a dual-frequency device was fabricated and characterized, which achieved significant multi-bit AM from −12.5 to −6.2 dB at 34.7 GHz and from −26 to −8.5 dB at 50 GHz independently and showed programmable capability.
Deep learning-based virtual cytokeratin staining of gastric carcinomas to measure tumor–stroma ratio
Authors: Hong Yiyu , Heo You Jeong , Kim Binnari , Lee Donghwan , Ahn Soomin , Ha Sang Yun , Sohn Insuk , Kim Kyoung-Mee
Published: September 2021

The tumor–stroma ratio (TSR) determined by pathologists is subject to intra- and inter-observer variability. We aimed to develop a computational quantification method of TSR using deep learning-based virtual cytokeratin staining algorithms. Patients with 373 advanced (stage III [n = 171] and IV [n = 202]) gastric cancers were analyzed for TSR. Moderate agreement was observed, with a kappa value of 0.623, between deep learning metrics (dTSR) and visual measurement by pathologists (vTSR) and the area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic of 0.907. Moreover, dTSR was significantly associated with the overall survival of the patients (P = 0.0024). In conclusion, we developed a virtual cytokeratin staining and deep learning-based TSR measurement, which may aid in the diagnosis of TSR in gastric cancer.
Dialdehyde pectin-crosslinked and hirudin-loaded decellularized porcine pericardium with improved matrix stability, enhanced anti-calcification and anticoagulant for bioprosthetic heart valves
Authors: Hu Mengyue , Peng Xu , Zhao Yang , Yu Xiaoshuang , Cheng Can , Yu Xixun
Published: September 2021

A biological crosslinking agent (dialdehyde pectin) and anticoagulant (hirudin) were utilized to prepare the hirudin-loaded AP-fixed PP, achieving its fixation and multi-functionalization and the fabrication of leaflet materials of BHVs.
Nitrogen modulated NiMoO4 with enhanced activity for the electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Min
Published: September 2021

NiMoO4 catalyst modified with nitrogen can significantly improve the electrocatalytic oxidation performance of HMF to FDCA.
Assembling γ-graphyne surrounding TiO2 nanotube arrays: an efficient p–n heterojunction for boosting photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Qiu Dong , He Chengli , Lu Yuxuan , Li Qiaodan , Chen Yang , Cui Xiaoli
Published: September 2021

γ-Graphyne was adequately integrated into TiO2 nanotube arrays to produce a p–n heterojunction with a compatible energy band, which enhances visible light harvesting and promotes charge separation for boosting photoelectrochemical water splitting.
Recent advances in lanthanide coordination polymers and clusters with magnetocaloric effect or single-molecule magnet behavior
Authors: Hu Jun-Jie , Peng Yan , Liu Sui-Jun , Wen He-Rui
Published: September 2021

The progress of lanthanide molecular magnetic materials from GdIII-based molecular magnetorefrigerants to lanthanide-based single-molecule magnets has been reviewed, and the most important advances in this field have also been highlighted.
Ultrahigh solar-driven atmospheric water production enabled by scalable rapid-cycling water harvester with vertically aligned nanocomposite sorbent
Authors: Xu Jiaxing , Li Tingxian , Yan Taisen , Wu Si , Wu Minqiang , Chao Jingwei , Huo Xiangyan , Wang Pengfei , Wang Ruzhu
Published: September 2021

A rapid-cycling continuous solar-driven atmospheric water harvester, enabled by vertically aligned nanocomposite sorbent, was developed for realizing ultrahigh water production.
The probiotic Companilactobacillus crustorum MN047 alleviates colitis-associated tumorigenesis via modulating the intestinal microenvironment
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Panpan , Ge Wupeng , Shi Chao , Xiao Gongnian , Wang Xin , Lü Xin
Published: September 2021

This study investigated the protective effect of C. crustorum MN047 on the AOM/DSS-induced CA-CRC mice, as demonstrated by the amelioration of gut barrier damage, inflammation and regulation of gut microbiota.
Amphiphilic RGD and GHK peptides synergistically enhance liposomal delivery into cancer and endothelial cells
Authors: Zoughaib Mohamed , Pavlov Rais V. , Gaynanova Gulnara A. , Garifullin Ruslan , Evtugyn Vladimir G. , Abdullin Timur I.
Published: September 2021

Combination of RGD cell adhesion peptide with GHK cell modulator peptide synergistically improves targeting of tumor cells. Amphiphilic peptides can be effectively displayed on liposomal surface for peptide screening and drug delivery applications.
FeNiP nanoparticle/N,P dual-doped carbon composite as a trifunctional catalyst towards high-performance zinc–air batteries and overall water electrolysis
Authors: Chen Wendi , Chang Shengming , Yu Heping , Li Wenming , Zhang Hui , Zhang Zhongyi
Published: September 2021

A novel catalyst with FeNiP nanoparticles embedded in an N,P dual-doped carbon matrix was prepared. It exhibits low overpotentials for both the ORR and OER. The rechargeable zinc–air batteries assembled with this catalyst exhibited excellent performances.
Development of site-specific antibody-conjugated immunoliposomes for sensitive detection of disease biomarkers
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Kun , Yang Hong-Ming , Li Meng-Ran , Gao Xiao-Yi , Sun Xiao-Wei , Sun Xi-Feng , Tang Jin-Bao
Published: September 2021

Schematic diagram of the proposed Fc-specific conjugated immunoliposomes for sensitive detection of disease biomarkers.
Functionalized 2D Nb2C nanosheets for primary and recurrent cancer photothermal/immune-therapy in the NIR-II biowindow
Authors: Lu Yao , Zhang Xiaoge , Hou Xiuqi , Feng Miao , Cao Zhong , Liu Jie
Published: September 2021

Nb2C@PDA-R837@RBC NPs with long blood circulation for combined phoththermal/immuno therapy.
SnS2–SnS pn hetero-junction bonded on graphene with boosted charge transfer for lithium storage
Authors: Wang Jie , Zhang Zijia , Zhao Hailei
Published: September 2021

Constructing SnS2–SnS pn hetero-junction with an induced built-in electric field enhances the electrode reaction kinetics and thus the rate capability.
Chemotherapeutic drug-induced immunogenic cell death for nanomedicine-based cancer chemo–immunotherapy
Authors: Jiang Mingxia , Zeng Jun , Zhao Liping , Zhang Mogen , Ma Jinlong , Guan Xiuwen , Zhang Weifen
Published: September 2021

Representative therapy induced ICD triggers a specific antitumor immune response.
Copper-catalyzed three-component reaction of arylhydrazine hydrochloride, DABSO, and NFSI for the synthesis of arenesulfonyl fluorides
Authors: Pan Qijun , Liu Yongan , Pang Wan , Wu Jingjing , Ma Xiaoyu , Hu Xiaojun , Guo Yong , Chen Qing-Yun , Liu Chao
Published: September 2021

A convenient copper-catalyzed conversion of phenylhydrazine hydrochlorides to arenesulfonyl fluorides in good yields under mild conditions.
New sensing platform of poly(ester-urethane)urea doped with gold nanoparticles for rapid detection of mercury ions in fish tissue
Authors: El-Raheem Hany Abd , Hassan Rabeay Y. A. , Khaled Rehab , Farghali Ahmed , El-Sherbiny Ibrahim M.
Published: September 2021

A new electrochemical sensor based on poly(ester-urethane) urea doped with gold nanoparticles (PUU/AuNPs) for highly sensitive and selective detection of mercury(ii) ions in fish tissue.
Ceria nanorods as highly stable free radical scavengers for highly durable proton exchange membranes
Authors: Zhiyan Rui , Qingbing Li , Youxiu Huo , Rui Ding , Jia Liu , Jia Li , Jianguo Liu
Published: September 2021

Morphology regulation induced high stability of ceria in proton exchange membrane.
Recombinant protein linker production as a basis for non-invasive determination of single-cell yeast age in heterogeneous yeast populations
Authors: Eigenfeld Marco , Kerpes Roland , Becker Thomas
Published: September 2021

Staining of bud scars as a basis to analyze physiological diversity.
Hierarchical hyper-branched titania nanorods with tuneable selectivity for CO2 photoreduction
Authors: Stelios Gavrielides , Tan Jeannie Z. Y. , Maroto-Valer M. Mercedes
Published: September 2021

The use of hierarchical 1–3D Hyper-Branched Nanorods (HBNs) is examined as a photocatalyst for CO2 photoreduction, utilising a facile protonation treatment able to tune the selectivity of CO2 photoreduction products between (91%) CO to (67%) CH4.
On the diatomite-based nanostructure-preserving material synthesis for energy applications
Authors: Aggrey Patrick , Nartey Martinson , Kan Yuliya , Cvjetinovic Julijana , Andrews Anthony , Salimon Alexey I. , Dragnevski Kalin I. , Korsunsky Alexander M.
Published: September 2021

The present article overviews the current state-of-the-art and future prospects for the use of diatomaceous earth (DE) in the continuously expanding sector of energy science and technology.
Simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and catechol by a reduced graphene oxide–polydopamine–carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite
Authors: Chang Fengxia , Wang Hongyue , He Shuai , Gu Yu , Zhu Wenjie , Li Tanwei , Ma Runhui
Published: September 2021

A novel reduced graphene oxide–polydopamine–carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite (RGO–PDA–cMWCNT) was fabricated for the sensitive and simultaneous determination of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CT).
Electrochemical properties of La0.5Sr0.5Fe0.95Mo0.05O3−δ as cathode materials for IT-SOEC
Authors: Hou Yunting , Wang Yadun , Wang Lijun , Zhang Qifei , Chou Kuo-chih
Published: September 2021

Mo doping solves the SrCO3 generation of LSF as SOEC cathode and increases the oxygen deficiencies of the material, which make LSFMo possess higher electrolytic performance.
Convenient one-pot synthesis of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles and 2,4,6-triarylpyridines using graphene oxide (GO) as a metal-free catalyst: importance of dual catalytic activity
Authors: Basak Puja , Dey Sourav , Ghosh Pranab
Published: September 2021

Graphene oxide (GO) as a metal-free catalyst for the synthesis of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles and 2,4,6-triarylpyridines under mild reaction conditions.
Template-assisted self-assembly of achiral plasmonic nanoparticles into chiral structures
Authors: Vila-Liarte David , Kotov Nicholas A. , Liz-Marzán Luis M.
Published: September 2021

Diverse templating materials and assembly strategies can be used to induce collective optical activity on achiral plasmonic building blocks. We present the advances, applications, challenges, and prospects of plasmonic–excitonic hybrids.
Synthesis of degradable and chemically recyclable polymers using 4,4-disubstituted five-membered cyclic ketene hemiacetal ester (CKHE) monomers
Authors: Oh Xin Yi , Ge Yicen , Goto Atsushi
Published: September 2021

Novel degradable and chemically recyclable polymers were synthesized using five-membered cyclic ketene hemiacetal ester (CKHE) monomers.
Development of a panchromatic photosensitizer and its application to photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Irikura Mari , Tamaki Yusuke , Ishitani Osamu
Published: September 2021

The osmium(ii) complex functioned as a panchromatic photosensitizer and drove CO2 reduction.
Photoinduced C(sp3)–H sulfination empowers the direct and chemoselective introduction of the sulfonyl group
Authors: Jin Shengfei , Haug Graham C. , Trevino Ramon , Nguyen Viet D. , Arman Hadi D. , Larionov Oleg V.
Published: September 2021

The photoinduced C–H sulfination of abundant aliphatic C–H bonds provides direct access to all major classes of organosulfur compounds via the intermediacy of synthetically versatile sulfinate salts.
Ambipolar transport in two-dimensional Sn-based perovskite field-effect transistors using an aliphatic polymer-assisted method
Authors: Zhang Fan , Zhang Quan , Liu Xin , Qin Liang , Hu Yufeng , Lou Zhidong , Hou Yanbing , Teng Feng
Published: September 2021

We report on ambipolar characteristics in the (PEA)2SnI4:PEO field-effect transistors because of the defect passivation by Sn–O coordination interactions.
Atomic regulation of metal–organic framework derived carbon-based single-atom catalysts for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction
Authors: Zhou Danni , Li Xinyuan , Shang Huishan , Qin Fengjuan , Chen Wenxing
Published: September 2021

This review summarizes typical preparation strategies of MOF-derived SACs, focusing on the effect of atomic interface regulation on the electrocatalytic performance of CO2 reduction, and the latest progress with representative examples.
Water-steam activation toward oxygen-deficient vanadium oxides for enhancing zinc ion storage
Authors: Yang Hailun , Ning Pengge , Zhu Zewen , Yuan Ling , Jia Wenting , Wen Jiawei , Xu Gaojie , Li Yuping , Cao Hongbin
Published: September 2021

This study provides a novel water-steam activation strategy in oxygen-deficient vanadium oxides for promoting zinc ion reversible (de)intercalation for high performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries.
A four-in-one pure nanomedicine for synergistic multi-target therapy against breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Rui , Cheng Ge , Liu Shengnan , Lv Hongying , Li Juan
Published: September 2021

Novel four-in-one RRX/BMS/CA4/PTX NPs were used to target tumour cells, MDSCs, CSCs, PD-L1 and tumour microvessels for multi-target therapy of tumour.
Carbon fabric-based self-powered magnetoelectric tactile sensors for soft robot's sensing with resistance to acidic/alkaline environments
Authors: Huang Jianyu , Wang Qi , Wu Zhenhua , Zhang Jingyuan , Ma Zheng , Yue Yamei , Su Bin
Published: September 2021

The magnetoelectric tactile sensor prepared using carbon cloths and magnetic elastomers, exhibits softness resistance to harsh acid/alkali environments. Two C-METS can endow robot with multi-directional sensing and escape capability.
Flexible, self-healable, adhesive and wearable hydrogel patch for colorimetric sweat detection
Authors: Wang Lirong , Xu Tailin , He Xuecheng , Zhang Xueji
Published: September 2021

A flexible, self-healable, adhesive and wearable hydrogel patch for sweat colorimetric analysis can achieve personalized in situ point-of-care detection.
Achieving area-selective atomic layer deposition with fluorinated self-assembled monolayers
Authors: Chang Chia-Wei , Hsu Hsun-Hao , Hsu Chain-Shu , Chen Jiun-Tai
Published: September 2021

AS-ALD of Al2O3 using alkylphosphonic acid SAMs with different substituent groups is developed. The fluorinated SAM-modified Co substrates exhibit better blocking ability towards the Al2O3 deposition than the nonfluorinated SAM-modified Co substrate.
Urinary exosomal long noncoding RNAs serve as biomarkers for early detection of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Lin Quan , Xie Danli , Pan Liangliang , Lou Yongliang , Shi Mengru
Published: September 2021

Objective: Increasing the efficiency of early diagnosis using noninvasive biomarkers is crucial for enhancing the survival rate of lung cancer patients. We explore the differential expression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in urinary exosomes in NSCLC patients and normal controls to diagnose lung cancer.

Methods: A differential expression analysis between NSCLC patients and healthy controls was performed using microarrays. Gene ontology (GO) term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were used to predict potential functions of lncRNAs in NSCLC. quantitative real-time PCR (QT-PCR) was used to verify microarray results.

Results: A total of 640 lncRNAs (70 up- and 570 down-regulated) were differentially expressed in NSCLC patients in comparison to healthy controls. Six lncRNAs were detected by QT-PCR. GO term and KEGG pathway analyses showed that differential lncRNAs were enriched in cellular component organization or biogenesis, as well as other biological processes and signaling pathways, such as the PI3K-AKT, FOXO, p53, and fatty acid biosynthesis.

Conclusions: The differential lncRNAs in urinary exosomes are potential diagnostic biomarkers of NSCLC. The lncRNAs enriched in specific pathways may be associated with tumor cell proliferation, tumor cell apoptosis, and the cell cycle involved in the pathogenesis of NSCLC.
Blast Exposure and Self-Reported Hearing Difficulty in Service Members and Veterans Who Have Normal Pure-Tone Hearing Sensitivity: The Mediating Role of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Reavis Kelly M. , Snowden Jonathan M. , Henry James A. , Gallun Frederick J. , Lewis M. Samantha , Carlson Kathleen F.
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Evidence suggests that military blast exposure may lead to self-reported hearing difficulties despite audiometrically normal hearing. Research identifying potential mechanisms of this association remains limited. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the associations between blast, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and self-reported hearing difficulty, and to examine PTSD as a possible mediator of the association between blast exposure and hearing difficulty.

Method

We used baseline data from the Noise Outcomes in Service members Epidemiology (NOISE) study (n= 477). Participants in this study undergo a comprehensive hearing, and tinnitus if applicable, evaluation and complete a large number of surveys. Pertinent data extracted from these surveys included information on participant's demographics, military service history, including exposure to blast, and health conditions such as symptoms of PTSD. Using regression models and following a formal causal mediation framework, we estimated total associations, natural direct and indirect associations, and percent mediated.

Results

We found that individuals with blast exposure had higher prevalence of both probable PTSD and self-reported hearing difficulty than individuals who were not blast exposed. Compared with participants without blast exposure, those with blast exposure had twice the prevalence of self-reported hearing difficulty, with 41% of the association mediated through probable PTSD.

Conclusion

As PTSD is a possible mediator of the association between blast exposure and hearing difficulty, Service members and Veterans with normal pure-tone hearing sensitivity who report hearing difficulties and a history of blast exposure may benefit from evaluation for PTSD symptoms.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16674247
Distributed online active balancing scheme for battery energy storage system
Authors: Liu Pu , Liu Di , Shen Yongpeng , Ge Gaorui , Yuan Xiaofang , Yang Xiaoliang
Published: September 2021

Focussing on the ineffective operating cycle and potential battery life degradation introduced by traditional energy converter‐based balancing techniques, a new distributed online active balancing scheme is proposed. In order to achieve a wider output voltage range, a new distributed converter is presented first, which can operate in boost or buck mode. Then, by regulating the discharge rate of each smart cell proportional to the deviation between its own state of charge (SOC) and the average SOC of all cells, an online linear SOC balancing scheme is presented. An experimental prototype consisting of eight smart cells is developed, experiments in constant resistance discharging mode and dynamic current discharging mode are carried out, and the results demonstrate the successful cell SOC balancing and DC bus adjustment capability of the proposed scheme.
Calculation of the transient stability boundary of AC/DC inter‐connected system based on the stability margin of dynamic energy
Authors: Ma Jing , Zhang Jiaming , Shao Hongfei , Cheng Peng
Published: September 2021

Concerning the transient power angle stability problem in AC/DC inter‐connected system caused by DC line grounding fault, a transient stability analysis method based on the stability margin of dynamic energy is proposed. First, the analytical expressions of the dynamic energy function before alpha retard, during alpha retard and after alpha retard are derived. According to the topologies of system and the integration intervals of energy function in different stages, the expressions of the acceleration energy, position energy and margin energy are obtained, which, respectively, reflect the rotating speed of system, the swing range of power angle and the system's ability of resisting in stability. Then, the surplus energy in the system is calculated by subtracting the sum of the acceleration energy and position energy from the margin energy, and the stability margin of the system is obtained. And then, the stability boundary of the system is derived. It is revealed that, if the stability margin is exactly right 0 at the end moment of alpha retard, the system is critical stable. Finally, hardware‐in‐the‐loop tests are conducted in RT‐LAB platform. The simulation results verify that, the stability margin reaches the minimal value at the end moment of alpha retard, and this value can clearly reflect the stability of system. Besides, the earlier the alpha retard starts or the longer the distance between the fault point and the rectifier outlet is, the better it is for the stability of system.
A review on oscillations in Wind Park due to ferroresonance and subsynchronous resonance
Authors: Rezaei Salman , Aref Shahab , Sedighi Anaraki Alireza
Published: September 2021

High penetration of renewable rotary generations like wind turbine to utility system causes contribution in power oscillations due to occurrence of different phenomena. Ferroresonance and subsynchronous resonance (SSR) in utility system are able to lead in power oscillation, instability of the system and devastating impact on rotary generators. Hence, investigation on impact of such oscillations on operation of nearby renewable rotary generations, like DFIG (doubly fed induction generator) in Wind Park seems to be beneficial to attain insightful guidelines for future of research in this field. SSR causes increasing the voltage, thus, it brings about saturation of transformer core and results in occurrence of ferroresonance. Ferroresonance causes frequency difference between two points in the network and consequently power oscillation, which is superimposed on torsional oscillation in SSR. Therefore, as SSR and ferroresonance encounter each other, they are investigated under one work to scrutinize impact of such phenomena on behaviour of DFIG. The results show deviation of electrical waveforms and devastating stress on mechanical parts of DFIG rotary components due to huge magnitude of electrical and mechanical quantities in effect of SSR and ferroresonance.
Bayesian estimation of copula parameters for wind speed models of dependence
Authors: Henderson Saul B. , Shahirinia Amir Hossein , Tavakoli Bina Mohammad
Published: September 2021

Modelling the uncertainty of wind speed is essential in power flow analysis. Having abundant knowledge of the wind speed in an area is critical. A low volume of data can increase uncertainty in wind speed analysis. Spatial dependencies are often modelled before running probabilistic power flow and load flow analysis. Copulas are a popular way of capturing spatial dependence between multiple wind farms. Using NREL data from seven Northeastern United States wind farm sites, Bayesian inference will be used to determine the copula parameter uncertainty between weekly, daily, and hourly wind speed observations. This approach will be used on elliptical and single parameter Archimedean copulas. For each possible wind farm pair, an uninformative prior will be placed on the copula parameter. The resulting posterior will contain a distribution of copula parameter values based on the prior and the observed wind speed data. The posterior's credible interval is reviewed to determine the uncertainty in parameter estimation. The results show that using a data volume considerably more petite than 8760 hourly data points will result in more uncertainty in parameter estimation and inaccuracies in wind speed forecasting if using non‐Bayesian methods for copula parameter estimation.
A smart city application: A waste collection system with long range wide area network for providing green environment and cost effective and low power consumption solutions
Authors: Aktay Erol , Yalçın Nursel
Published: September 2021

The trend towards cities and urbanisation, which increases the number of people living in urban areas, requires local authorities to provide services and natural resources more efficiently and effectively and develop some strategies for a sustainable environment. The more effective use of resources, growing awareness of sustainable environment, climate confidence and motivation to make cities more livable is a new concept called Smart City. In this study, the proposed system supports the garbage collection of the city government and works with low budget, low energy, and free radio frequencies. The Internet of Things (IoT) sensor node is assembled, and the network is set up based on the long range wide area network protocol to connect it to the sample garbage bin and collect data. Instant data collection by this network is carried out through the IoT and is designed based on the collected data. The goal is to build an ideal system for smart garbage collection in cities and support sustainability in cities by integrating with the city government's information systems. The data received from the sensor nodes and the efficiency of the system were demonstrated for local governments. The main outcome of this research is to develop a practical smart city application with minimal resources and support local governments in their daily work. Moreover, how a low power wide area network communication network with a frequency of 868 MHz works in Istanbul (Turkey) will be investigated further and which alternative to cellular networks is the most suitable for excellent communication in smart cities will be studied.
The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey Deep Fields
Authors: Bonato M. , Prandoni I. , De Zotti G. , Best P. N. , Bondi M. , Calistro Rivera G. , Cochrane R. K. , Gürkan G. , Haskell P. , Kondapally R. , Magliocchetti M. , Leslie S. K. , Malek K. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Smith D. J. B. , Tasse C. , Wang L.
Published: September 2021

We have exploited LOFAR deep observations of the Lockman Hole field at 150 MHz to investigate the relation between the radio luminosity of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and their star-formation rates (SFRs), as well as its dependence on stellar mass and redshift. The adopted source classification, SFRs, and stellar masses are consensus estimates based on a combination of four different spectral energy distribution fitting methods. We note a flattening of the radio spectra of a substantial minority of sources below ∼1.4 GHz. Such sources have thus a lower ‘radio-loudness’ level at 150 MHz than expected from extrapolations from 1.4 GHz using the average spectral index. We found a weak trend towards a lower SFR/L150 MHzratio for higher stellar mass,M⋆. We argue that such a trend may account for most of the apparent redshift evolution of theL150 MHz/SFR ratio, in line with previous work. Our data indicate a weaker evolution than found by some previous analyses. We also find a weaker evolution with redshift of the specific SFR than found by several (but not all) previous studies. Our radio selection provides a view of the distribution of galaxies in the SFR–M⋆plane complementary to that of optical and near-IR selection. It suggests a higher uniformity of the star-formation history of galaxies than implied by some analyses of optical and near-IR data. We have derived luminosity functions at 150 MHz of both SFGs and radio-quiet (RQ) AGN at various redshifts. Our results are in very good agreement with the T-RECS simulations and with literature estimates. We also present explicit estimates of SFR functions of SFGs and RQ AGN at several redshifts derived from our radio survey data.
Anisotropic mean curvature flow of Lipschitz graphs and convergence to self-similar solutions
Authors: Cesaroni A. , Kröner H. , Novaga M.
Published: September 2021

We consider the anisotropic mean curvature flow of entire Lipschitz graphs. We prove existence and uniqueness of expanding self-similar solutions which are asymptotic to a prescribed cone, and we characterize the long time behavior of solutions, after suitable rescaling, when the initial datum is a sublinear perturbation of a cone. In the case of regular anisotropies, we prove the stability of self-similar solutions asymptotic to strictly mean convex cones, with respect to perturbations vanishing at infinity. We also show the stability of hyperplanes, with a proof which is novel also for the isotropic mean curvature flow.
Perkutane, antegrade K-Draht-Osteosynthese bei Fingergrundgliedfrakturen: Vergleich zwischen frühfunktioneller und statischer Nachbehandlung
Authors: Ederer Ines Ana , von Fraunberg Johannes , Kolbenschlag Jonas , Nusche Andreas , Daigeler Adrien , Medved Fabian
Published: September 2021

Ziel Diese retrospektive Studie vergleicht die klinischen Ergebnisse der frühfunktionellen Nachbehandlung mit den Ergebnissen mittels 6-wöchiger Schienenruhigstellung nachbehandelter Fingergrundgliedfrakturen nach perkutaner, antegrader K-Draht-Osteosynthese.

Patienten und Methoden Von insgesamt 90 Patienten, die zwischen 2010 und 2017 aufgrund einer isolierten Fingergrundgliedfraktur nach geschlossener Reposition mittels perkutaner, antegrader K-Draht-Osteosynthese operativ versorgt wurden, konnten 46 (17 Frauen und 29 Männer mit einem mittleren Alter von 42,8 Jahren) im Mittel nach 18,5 Monaten nachuntersucht werden. Bei 28 Patienten war eine frühfunktionelle, bei 18 eine statische Nachbehandlung erfolgt. Beide Gruppen unterschieden sich nicht statistisch signifikant bzgl. des Alters, der Geschlechtsverteilung, der Frakturlokalisation und -morphologie, des Unfallmechanismus und der Dauer der Operation. Bei der Nachuntersuchung wurde die aktive und passive Beweglichkeit des operierten Fingers (total active motion [TAM] und total passive motion [TPM], Fingerkuppen-Hohlhand-Abstand [FKHA], Nagelrand-verlängerter-Handrückenebenen-Abstand [NHREA]) und des korrespondierenden, unverletzten Fingers der Gegenseite gemessen und in Relation zueinander gesetzt (TAMrel, TPMrel). Des Weiteren wurde die Kraft bei verschiedenen Griffformen bestimmt und in Relation zur Kraft der unverletzten Gegenseite gesetzt. Intra- und postoperative Komplikationen, der DASH-Score und die Zeit bis zur Wiederaufnahme der Arbeitstätigkeit wurden erfasst.

Ergebnisse Keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Gruppen konnten bzgl. der Häufigkeit von Komplikationen und notwendiger Revisionen, der Fingerbeweglichkeit und Kraft festgestellt werden. Patienten mit aktiver Nachbehandlung kehrten im Vergleich zu Patienten mit statischer Nachbehandlung jedoch signifikant früher an ihre Arbeitsplätze zurück (2,5 vs. 9,0 Wochen nach operativer Versorgung, p = 0,035). Der DASH-Score in der Gruppe mit aktiver Nachbehandlung war mit 1,7 Punkten etwas niedriger als in der Gruppe mit statischer Nachbehandlung mit 2,5 Punkten (p = 0,269).

Schlussfolgerung Patienten mit frühfunktioneller Nachbehandlung waren signifikant kürzer arbeitsunfähig. Zum Nachuntersuchungszeitpunkt fand sich kein Unterschied in der globalen Fingerbeweglichkeit beider Gruppen. Bei gegebener Compliance kann auf eine postoperative Ruhigstellung verzichtet werden.
Daten richtig interpretieren
Authors: Fessler Jenny S. , Fröhlich Martin R. , Angerer Alfred , Bode Karsten
Published: September 2021

Um Kennzahlen richtig lesen und interpretieren zu können, bedarf es einer Routine und guter Zusammenarbeit mit den Schnittstellen, etwa dem Controlling. Nur so können Pflegeprozesse aktiv gesteuert und verbessert werden.
The Effect of Music Genre and Music-Preference Dimension on Acceptable Noise Levels in Listeners with ‘Normal’ Hearing
Authors: Gordon-Hickey Susan , Bryan Melinda F.
Published: September 2021

Abstract Background The acceptable noise level (ANL) is the maximum level of background noise that an individual is willing to accept while listening to speech. The type of background noise does not affect ANL results except for music. Purpose The
purpose of this study was to determine if ANL differed due to music genre or music genre preference. Research Design A repeated-measures experimental design was employed. Study Sample Thirty-three young adults with normal hearing served as listeners. Data
Collection and Analysis Most comfortable listening level and background noise level were measured to twelve-talker babble and five music samples from different genres: blues, classical, country, jazz, and rock. Additionally, music preference was evaluated via rank ordering of genre
and by completion of the Short Test of Music Preference (STOMP) questionnaire. Results The ANL for music differed based on music genre; however, the difference was unrelated to music genre preference. Also, those with low ANLs tended to prefer the intense and rebellious music-preference
dimension compared with those with high ANLs. Conclusions For instrumental music, ANL was lower for blues and rock music compared with classical, country, and jazz. The differences identified were not related to music genre preference; however, this finding may be related to
the music-preference dimension of intense and rebellious music. Future work should evaluate the psychological variables that make up music-preference dimension to determine if these relate to our ANL.
Provider Perspectives on the Acceptability, Appropriateness, and Feasibility of Teleneonatology
Authors: Fang Jennifer L. , Umoren Rachel , Whyte Hilary , Limjoco Jamie , Makkar Abhishek , Yankanah Rosanna , McCoy Mike , Lo Mark D. , Colby Christopher E. , Herrin Jeph , Jacobson Robert M. , Demaerschalk Bart M.
Published: September 2021

Objective We aimed to measure provider perspectives on the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of teleneonatology in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and community hospitals.

Study Design Providers from five academic tertiary NICUs and 27 community hospitals were surveyed using validated implementation measures to assess the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of teleneonatology. For each of the 12 statements, scale values ranged from 1 to 5 (1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree), with higher scores indicating greater positive perceptions. Survey results were summarized, and differences across respondents assessed using generalized linear models.

Results The survey response rate was 56% (203/365). Respondents found teleneonatology to be acceptable, appropriate, and feasible. The percent of respondents who agreed with each of the twelve statements ranged from 88.6 to 99.0%, with mean scores of 4.4 to 4.7 and median scores of 4.0 to 5.0. There was no difference in the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of teleneonatology when analyzed by professional role, years of experience in neonatal care, or years of teleneonatology experience. Respondents from Level I well newborn nurseries had greater positive perceptions of teleneonatology than those from Level II special care nurseries.

Conclusion Providers in tertiary NICUs and community hospitals perceive teleneonatology to be highly acceptable, appropriate, and feasible for their practices. The wide acceptance by providers of all roles and levels of experience likely demonstrates a broad receptiveness to telemedicine as a tool to deliver neonatal care, particularly in rural communities where specialists are unavailable.

Key Points
Pyrroloimidazolediones Derived from Aminomalonates and Benzaldehydes
Authors: Moloney Mark G. , O’Shaughnessy Lewis , Hutchinson Charles , Waldron Adam , Christensen Kirsten E.
Published: September 2021

Bicyclic lactams can be prepared from diethyl aminomalonate and substituted benzaldehydes by formation of a dimerised imidazolidine cycloadduct followed by a Dieckmann ring closure. The resulting N,N-heterocycles are metal-chelating but show no antibacterial activity.
Dynadesis for Treatment of Dynamic Scaphoid Instability with 20-Year Results
Authors: Seradge Houshang , Parker Winfred , Seradge Carrie , Steppe Cyrus , McKenzie Ashley
Published: September 2021

Background Even though the scapholunate interosseous ligament is the most common wrist ligament injury, its treatment remains a challenge for hand surgeons. We report on a surgical treatment (Dynadesis) for dynamic scaphoid instability (DSI) with a 20-year follow-up period.

Description of Technique Dynadesis utilizes antagonist forearm muscles in order to synergistically provide dynamic stabilization to the scaphoid when the wrist is loaded. It is a tendon-to-tendon transfer with the following two components: 1) Dorsal—The extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) is passed through a hole in the reduced, distal scaphoid, providing the scaphoid with an independent extension force. 2) Volar—A dynamic checkrein is created by tension-locking the ECRL tendon around the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) tendon. The portion of the FCR distal to the scaphoid tethers and tightens with contracture of the ECRL and FCR muscles.

Patients and Methods Twenty patients (21 wrists) were treated with Dynadesis and reevaluated 20 years later (range: 20–27 years).

Results Average grip strength improved by 8 kg. The average wrist flexion-extension arc decreased by 3°. Wrist X-rays showed no radiocarpal arthritis. On the Mayo wrist score, 81% reported excellent to good results (average: 89). Pain levels improved by 90%, with 76% of patients reporting no pain. All patients (100%) were satisfied with their results and would recommend the procedure.

Conclusions Dynadesis is specifically designed for the treatment of DSI. It avoids the eventual complication of osteoarthritis and does not sacrifice wrist motion. A predictable and satisfactory long-term result is obtainable with correct patient selection based on clinical staging and arthroscopic findings.
Cranial and Spinal Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor: A Pathological Enigma
Authors: Yeole Ujwal , Rao K. V.L. Narsinga , Beniwal Manish , Sivakoti Sumitra , Santosh Vani , Somanna Sampath
Published: September 2021

Objective Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) arises from nerve sheaths, mostly seen in peripheral nerves but rare in craniospinal nerves. The information available in the literature to build up treatment strategy and improve clinical outcomes is scarce. We are reviewing cases from our institute, with emphasis on radiological features for early differentiation from its benign variants.

Methods We analyzed pathologically diagnosed cases retrospectively from January 2007 to December 2018 at our institute. Clinicoradiological details and treatment parameters were collected from medical records for evaluation. Each case was contacted telephonically for final clinical follow-up at the time of writing the manuscript.

Results A total of seven cases of MPNST were diagnosed in the last 10 years. It included four intracranial and three spinal cases. The mean age for the cohort was 34.3 years, with five females. We could achieve gross total resection (GTR) and subtotal resection in four (57.1%) and two (28.6%) cases, respectively. We could achieve an overall survival of 57.1% in the average follow-up of 28.2 months (range: 8–84 months).

Conclusion MPNST is a rare tumor with a bad prognosis. Radical surgical resection is the mainstay of the treatment, but it is not always possible to achieve it because of the inaccessible location and large size of lesions. Preoperative diagnosis is challenging; however, few radiological findings may give a clue toward it. As a disease entity overall, it has a poor outcome with a high rate of fatality.
Vidian Canal as a Transcranial Landmark: Anatomy, Technique, and Illustrative Cases
Authors: Zhao Xiaochun , McKenzie Daniel M. , Pelargos Panayiotis E. , Palejwala Ali H. , Dunn Ian F.
Published: September 2021

Objective The vidian nerve can be accessed in transcranial approaches in carefully selected patients to ensure its preservation and to serve as a landmark for sphenoid sinus entry. This report is to review a technique, evaluate it in laboratory settings, and present two illustrative cases.

Design The study involves cadaveric dissection and illustrative cases.

Setting The study conducted in a cadaveric dissection laboratory.

Participants The object of the study is one cadaveric head and two illustrative clinical cases.

Main Outcome Measures Two cases using this approach were illustrated, and a cadaver dissection was performed in a step-by-step fashion.

Results: The vidian canal can be accessed by drilling the anterolateral triangle. Two illustrated cases were presented; in one, the vidian nerve was used as part of a corridor to access the sphenoid sinus for tumor delivery, and in the other, the technique was used to find and preserve the vidian nerve during transcranial resection.

Conclusion Careful identification of the vidian canal in transcranial surgery is a beneficial technique in carefully selected cases which allows identification of the nerve both for its preservation in selected cases and to create the vidian–maxillary corridor for tumor resection. Knowing the anatomy and pneumatization variants is important in the surgical approach.
A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Virtual Versus Direct Airway Assessment in the Preoperative Period in Patients Presenting for Neurosurgery: A Quest for Safer Preoperative Practice in Neuroanesthesia in the Backdrop of the COVID-19 Pandemic!
Authors: Hrishi Ajay Prasad , Prathapadas Unnikrishnan , Praveen Ranganatha , Vimala Smita , Sethuraman Manikandan
Published: September 2021

Objectives Neurosurgical patients with cervical spine pathologies, craniofacial and craniovertebral junction anomalies, recurrent cervical spine, and posterior fossa surgeries frequently present with an airway that is anticipated to be difficult. Although the routine physical evaluation is nonaerosol-generating, Mallampati scoring, mouth opening, and assessment of lower cranial nerve function could potentially generate aerosols, imposing a greater risk of acquiring severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Moreover, airway evaluation requires the patient to remove the mask, thereby posing a greater risk to the assessing anesthesiologist. Thus, we designed this study to evaluate the efficacy of virtual airway assessment (VAA) done via telemedicine in comparison to direct airway assessment (DAA), and assess the feasibility of VAA as a part of the preanesthetic evaluation (PAE) of patients presenting for neurosurgery in the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods A total of 55 patients presenting for elective neurosurgical procedures were recruited in this prospective, observational study. The preoperative assessment of the airway was first done by a remote anesthetist via an encrypted video call, using a smartphone which served the purpose of telemedicine equipment, followed by a direct assessment by the attending anesthetist. The following parameters were assessed: mouth opening (MO), presence of any anomalies of tongue and palate, Mallampati classification (MPC) grading, thyromental distance (TMD), upper lip bite test (ULBT), neck movements, and Look-Evaluate-Mallampati-Obstruction-Neck mobility (LEMON) scoring system.

Statistical Analysis Demographic parameters were expressed as mean ± SD. Agreement between the values obtained by VAA and DAA parameters were analyzed with the Kappa test.

Results We observed a “perfect agreement” between the DAA and VAA with regard to MO. Assessment of ULBT, neck movements, and the LEMON score had an overall “almost perfect agreement” between the DAA and VAA. We also observed a “substantial agreement” between VAA and DAA during the assessment of MPC grading and TMD.

Conclusion Our study shows that PAE and VAA via telemedicine can reliably be used as an alternative to direct physical preanesthetic consultation in the COVID-19 scenario. This could reduce unnecessary exposure of anesthesiologists to potential asymptomatic COVID-positive patients, thereby protecting the available skilled workforce, without any significant compromise to patient care.