bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selective separation of essential phenolic compounds from olive oil mill wastewater using a bulk liquid membrane
Authors: Shadabi Shahriar , Ghiasvand Ali , Hashemi Payman
Published: March 2013

Olive oil mill wastewater (OMWW) is very rich in phenolic compounds especially the key compounds of caffeic acid (CA), hydroxytyrosol (HTY), and tyrosol (TY). Therefore, the development of new and effective analytical and industrial methods for the separation and concentration of these valuable compounds has attracted great attention in the last decades. In this study, a selective transport and separation method for CA, HTY, and TY from OMWW samples, obtained from different olive orchards, using a new bulk liquid membrane (BLM) procedure was developed. Various factors influencing the transport efficiency such as pH of the source and receiving phases, nature and volume of the organic membrane, stirring rate, and transport time were investigated and optimized. Under optimal experimental conditions, the transport efficiencies of CA, HTY, and TY from the OMWW samples of 90.1 %, 28.4 %, and 34.9 % were obtained, respectively. Relative standard deviations (RSDs, n = 7) were found to be 4.1 %, 3.8 %, and 3.0 % and the limits of detection (LODs) obtained were 0.001 mg L−1, 0.011 mg L−1, and 0.008 mg L−1, for CA, HTY, and TY, respectively.
Living Contradictions and Working for Change
Authors: Jones Stephanie , Vagle Mark D.
Published: March 2013

This essay describes a vision of social class–sensitive pedagogy aimed at disrupting endemic classism in schools. We argue persistent upward mobility discourses construct classist hierarchies in schools and classroom practice and are founded on misunderstandings of work, lived experiences of social class, and the broader social and economic context of the United States and the world. Educators may unwittingly alienate the very students they hope to inspire, cause for serious inquiry into what a social class–sensitive pedagogy might entail. The manuscript highlights five interrelated principles that provide insights to what research tells us and how it can be used in K–12 and teacher education.
Efficacy of Itraconazole Versus Terbinafine for the Treatment of Tineacruris.
Authors: Shakya Nabin Bhakta , Jha Sagar Mani , Dangol Anil , Shakya Sanil , Shah Aparna
Published: March 2013

Introduction: Tenia Cruris is the commonest dermatophyte infection which is common in men and aggravated by warm humid condition Teniarubrum is the main species for the disease1, 2. Itraconazole and Terbinafine are the better newer drugs for the therapeutic option due to their efficacy, convenient and less side effect. Itraconazole is a wider spectrum Thiazole group of fungistatic drugs which inhibit sterol 14 ? demethylase impairing biosynthesis of fungal ergosterol. Similarly Terbinafine is broad specturmallylamine group of fungicidal activity which inhibits squalene 2, 3 epoxidase enzyme thus inhibit fungal biosynsthesis of ergosterol3-5. These two drugs have been needed conventionally as a pulse and continuous therapy. The main aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of both drugs and to recommend the eff ective treatment in case of Teniacruris. Methods: In this randomized comparative study, the efficacy and safety of oral itraconazole (n=35) and terbinafine (n=35), each given for 2weeks, was compared in patients with tineacruris within the period of 1 year study. Results: The final evaluation at week 4 showed a cure rate of 91.4% for itraconazole and 82.9% for terbinafine. No definite adverse effect was noted. Conclusions: Itraconazolehas high cure rate and less failure rate without side effects in comparision to Terbinafine. Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital; Jan-June 2012/vol.11/Issue1/24-26 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v11i1.7763
Tuberculosis Mimicking Bone Tumor
Authors: Gyawali Bidur , Sharma Bishnu Dev , Kayastha Nirab , Joshi Amit
Published: March 2013

Tuberculosis has been greatest mimicker in medicine. Tuberculosis of skeletal system can simulate a malignancy both clinically and radiologically. As tuberculosis of Ulna is a rare, we report a case of unifocaldiaphyseal tubercular osteomyelitis of Ulna which resembled malignancy in a 60yrs male with mildly painful, gradually increasing swelling over dorso medial aspect of left distal forearm since 5 months duration. Radiological findings were suggestive of aggressive bone tumor and biopsy was planned. Tru-cut biopsy revealed sterile pus and open biopsy was performed. Intraoperatively there was cheesy pus with flakes of sequestra and multiple breaches in ulna cortex. Histo-pathological examination revealed chronic inflammatory granulomatous lesion suggestive of tubercular osteomyelitis. We report this case not only because tuberculosis of ulna is rare, but also because it mimicked malignant bone tumor both clinico-radiologically leading to delay in diagnosis and institution of treatment. Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital; Jan-June 2012/vol.11/Issue1/49-51 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v11i1.7791
Growth Performance of Mirror Carp (Cyprinus carpio var. specularis, Lacepède, 1803) Fry Fed with Varying Protein Content Feeds
Authors: Rahman S.M. , Shahin M.A.A. , Chisty M.A.H. , Rahman M.M. , Tareque A.M.H.B. , Hasan M.M.
Published: March 2013

An experiment was conducted in aquaria for seven weeks to examine the effect of varying dietary protein level on growth, FCR (food conversion ratio) and survival of mirror carp fry. Similar weight (2.29 ± 0.08g) and length (4.21 ± 0.05 cm) of mirror carp fry were stocked in the aquaria (1 fry/L) and fed laboratory prepared feeds containing 25% (T1), 30% (T2), 35% (T3), 40% (T4), and 45% (T5) protein. In terms of growth and FCR, diet containing 30% protein performed significantly (p<0.01) better than those of other tested diets. Survival rate, on the other hand, dropped significantly (p<0.01) when the stocks were fed diets containing over 30% protein. These findings suggest that about 30% protein in diet appears to be sufficient for obtaining optimum growth of mirror carp fry.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7747
Fish Marketing System and Socio Economic Status of Aratdars in Natore and Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Authors: Flowra F. A. , Bashar A. H. M. K. , Jahan S. N. , Samad M. A. , Islam M. M.
Published: March 2013

An investigation was carried out during the period from December 2007 to November 2008 to find out the fish marketing system and socio economic status of aratdars at Singra (Natore), Baneshwar and Puthia (Rajshahi). Four types of fishes were observed where maximum fishes (70%) were come from the local area and rest (30%) was come from outside of Bangladesh. Four types of marketing channel were identified and the commission agents usually earn about 3-4% commissions from the farmers. The highest landing was 388143.75 kg/yr (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in Shingra) whereas the lowest landing was 701.75 kg/yr (Xenentodon cancila in Baneshwar). Price varied from 20.38±4.58 (Chanda ranga in Baneshwar) to 190.17±27.33 Tk/kg (Clarias batrachus in Baneshwar). The average marketing cost and marketing margin varied from 91 to 128 Tk/day and 17.75 to 28.25 Tk/kg in Baneshwar.  Majority (53.76% in Puthia to 74.99% in Baneshwar) aratdars were found to class I-X. Major secondary occupation of the aratdars was fish farming (50% in Puthia to 75% in Baneshwar). Most of the aratdars (75% in Baneshwar and Shingra to 83% in Puthia) were found to earn Tk 100-500 per day. Infrastructure of wholesale and retail fish markets were not adequate with regarding to sales area, packaging, sanitation, water supply, drainage, cleaning, washing, maintenance and repairs except very few.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7749
Field Evaluation of Imidacloprid as an Insecticidal Seed Treatment of Cotton Cultivar with Particular References to Sucking Pest, Predator and Yield
Authors: Hossain S.M.A. , Baque M.A. , Amin M.R. , Chun I.J.
Published: March 2013

Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide that has been used for controlling sucking pests of cotton. This study showed the efficacy of the imidacloprid insecticide, Gaucho 70 WS as seed dresser against aphids, whiteflies and thrips incidences on CB3 cotton cultivar. At the same time, inhabitants of the predators (ladybird beetles, lacewings, syrphids and spiders) and yield of the crop were evaluated. Fuzzy and delinted cotton seeds treated with imidacloprid reduced pest population compared to untreated control or foliar spray of monocrotophos 40 WSC at 1120 ml ha-1, and being the highest efficacy at 5.5 g kg-1 fuzzy seed. Cotton plants grown with imidacloprid treated seeds have abundances of ladybird beetles, lacewings, syrphids and spiders. The cotton cultivar produced significantly higher yield when seeds were treated with imidacloprid at 5.5 g kg-1 fuzzy seed. Therefore, use of imidacloprid, Gaucho 70 WS as a seed dresser may be an option for controlling sucking pests of cotton under field conditions.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7750
Abundance of the Boring Polychaetes of Eunicidae (Annelida) in Great Nicobar Islands
Authors: Veeramuthu Sekar , Ramadoss Rajasekaran , Subramaniyan Bharathiraja , Jeyaram Suriya , Fernando Olivia J.
Published: March 2013

Bioerosion is a major destructive force by mechanisms of grazing and boring organisms harmful on coral reef. The name of crypto fauna is associated with colonies of dead coral due to their role as bioeroding that alter the physical structure of reefs. Analysis of the cryptic polychaetes, totally 874 individuals were collected belonging to eight families among these families Eunicidae (14 species) is the best represented families, varied from 6 to 14 species in all the stations, where as the least number of species and numbers were collected in Johinder nagar (16.66 %) and maximum abundant in Bcori (52.56 %). The mean density of all the three stations varied from 8.785 ± 9.175 (Bcori), 5.142 ± 5.545 (Breakwater) and 2.785 ± 4.370 Johinder nagar. During this survey most abundant species Lydice collaris (30.34 %) followed by Eunice afra punctata (16.66%), L.ninetta (10.68%) and E. antennata (10.25 %) in all the three stations. They accounted for up to 50 % of the total number of individuals collected on dead corals and hard substrates. This study to evaluate the knowledge of the coral inhabiting polychaete distribution and to assist forthcoming researchers to know the particular groups taxonomy and towards better understanding utilization, in coral patches of the Nicobar areas.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7754
Relative Abundance of the Philippine Scops-Owl Otus megalotis megalotis (Walden) in Marinduque and Mt. Makiling, Philippines
Authors: Sanchez Michael S.
Published: March 2013

A total of 128 survey broadcast points in each site were conducted in the municipality of Gasan, Marinduque and in the Makiling Forest Reserve that determined the species abundance, detection rate and response time to playback calls. Higher abundance and detection rate of the Philippine Scops Owls were found in Marinduque (t=5, P=0.0007, 30.46%). The species detection rate decreased as the distance from the playback station increased. Distance and response time were affected by terrain and vegetation in both areas. Availability of suitable habitat is probably the major factor that determines species’ population status.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7768
Photosynthetic, Biochemical and Enzymatic Investigation of Azolla microphylla in Response to an Insecticide-Hexachlorohexahydro-Methano-Benzodioxathiepine-Oxide
Authors: Raja Waseem , Rathau Preeti , John Suchit A. , Ramteke P.W.
Published: March 2013

A study on the heterocystous, nitrogen fixing Water fern, Azolla microphylla was carried out to investigate the effect of an organochlorine insecticide (hexachloro-hexahydro-methano benzodioxathiepine-oxide, called as endosulfan) at different concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 600 ppm on fresh weight, dry weight, photosynthetic pigments, stress metabolites such as ascorbic acid, proteins, and nitrogen metabolism activity like nitrate reductase and nitrate uptake. The inhibition was found to be dose dependent. The insecticide endosulfan showed to be deleteriously affecting the activities in the Azolla microphylla. Endosulfan adversely depleted the cellular activities, leading to a marked increase in the Vitamin-C at lower concentration and gradually decreases at higher concentrations. Decrease in protein was clear and activities like nitrate reductase and nitrate uptake also increases up to certain concentration and at higher concentration slightly decreases. Despite of deleterious effects of endosulfan on the Azolla microphylla, a unique regenerating ability in presence of the insecticide was observed by the end of five days in the lower doses of insecticide. Azolla seems to help sustain the soil nitrogen supply by returning nitrogen to quantities roughly equal to those extracted from the soil by the rice plant.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7775
Checklist of Wild Edible Plants of Bihar, India
Authors: Fatma Nasheez , Pan T.K.
Published: March 2013

Bihar covers 94,163 km2 area but lack floristic information and looking at the high rising value of food and food products, the necessity of nutritive quality and consumption of edible plants cultivated and their wild relatives  exploration of different districts of Bihar have been conducted since 2008-2010. The plant species eaten may be whole plant, rhizome, tubers, stem, leaves, inflorescence, fruits, seeds, bark etc. Several times plant parts are used as staple food, while some are used at the time of scarcity like famine, drought etc. Besides, some are well known spices and condiments with good marketable value. Others are used as pickles, drinks, jams and jellies. These plants on large scale are basically identified by the tribal people and introduced in the local markets to earn economy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7785
Death of a Small Journal?
Authors: Donovan Stephen K.
Published: March 2013

What is the little journal to do in this era of impact factors, burgeoning lists of international publications available in both hard copy and online, and academic effort being increasingly focused on attaining the highest profile for an individual's home institution? It seems that viable models are get big, if you can, or stay small and serve a specialist/regional audience. The middle ground of a moderate profile journal that does not appear on the right citation indices appears to be a recipe for extinction.
In vitro Seed Germination and Seedling Development of Esmeralda clarkei Rchb.f. (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Paudel M , Pradhan S , Pant B
Published: March 2013

Esmeralda clarkei Rchb.f. (Orchidaceae), an epiphytic orchid native to Nepal with high ornamental value grows from cool to intermediate climatic conditions with medium amount of light. In an attempt to preserve this important orchid by establishing an efficient in vitro regeneration protocol using seed culture was conducted. MS with BAP and NAA alone or in combination were used. In MS protocorms developed within 16 weeks followed by seedling development in 25 weeks of seed culture. Presence of BAP (0.5 mg/l) in MS improved seed germination by protocorm formation and seedling development in 17 and 26 weeks of seed culture, respectively. In 0.5 mg/l NAA supplemented media, development of protocorms was observed in 18 weeks and seedling growth was observed in 26 weeks of seed culture. Protocorm and seedling development were was delayed in other media. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v22i2.14197 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 22(2): 107-111, 2012 (December)
Efficient in vitro Regeneration of a Medicinal Plant Harsinghar (Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L.)
Authors: Bansal S , Bharati AJ , Bansal YK
Published: March 2013

In vitro propagation of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. has been successfully established from axillary bud explants on MS. Maximum number of multiple shoots was obtained on MS containing BAP (22.2 ?M). Half strength of MS (2% sucrose) supplemented with NAA (10.74 ?M) provided the maximum frequency of root initiation. The plantlets were successfully hardened. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v22i2.14202 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 22(2): 137-142, 2012 (December)
Plant Regeneration Efficiency of Two Scented Indica Rice Varieties Pusa Basmati 1 and Kalanamak
Authors: Tiwari Aniruddha Kumar , Shamim Md , Saxena Ravi Prakash , Singh Kapil Deo Narayan
Published: March 2013

This study was undertaken to establish a regeneration protocol for two scented indica rice varieties, namely Pusa Basmati1 and Kalanamak. Callus culture in Pusa Basmati1 was initiated in MS containing 2.0 mg/l of 2,4-D. Optimum requirement of growth hormones for callus induction in Kalanamak was 1.5 mg/l of 2,4-D supplemented with 0.1 mg/l each of NAA and BAP in MS. Shoot regeneration in Pusa Basmati1 initiated in MS containing 2.0 mg/l BAP, 0.5 mg/l each of NAA and Kn. There was no shoot initiation in MS with same composition in Kalanamak. The shoot regeneration was successfully initiated and achieved in Dl medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BAP, 0.2 mg/l each of IAA, NAA and Kn, 500 mg/l each of proline and glutamine and 800 mg/l casein hydrolysate. The calli derived from mature seed embryo produced fertile green plants. The plants were successfully transferred to field with normal flowering. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v22i2.14206 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 22(2): 163-169, 2012 (December)
Divorce Costs and Marital Dissolution in a One-to-One Matching Framework With Nontransferable Utilities
Authors: Saglam Ismail
Published: March 2013

In this paper, we use a two-period one-to-one matching model with incomplete information to examine the effect of changes in divorce costs on marital dissolution. Each individual who has a nontransferable expected utility about the quality of each potential marriage decides whether to marry or to remain single at the beginning of the first period. Individuals married in the first period learn the qualities of their marriages at the beginning of the second period and then decide whether to stay married or to unilaterally divorce. We show that, for any society, there exist matching environments where the probability of the marital dissolution does not reduce divorce costs under gender-optimal matching rules. In such environments, an allocation effect of divorce costs with an ambiguous sign outweighs an incentive effect that is always negative. We also show that these results may also arise under stable matching rules that are not gender optimal.
Two Pricing Mechanisms in Sponsored Search Advertising
Authors: Yang Wei , Feng Youyi , Xiao Baichun
Published: March 2013

Sponsored search advertising has grown rapidly since the last decade and is now a significant revenue source for search engines. To ameliorate revenues, search engines often set fixed or variable reserve price to in influence advertisers’ bidding. This paper studies and compares two pricing mechanisms: the generalized second-price auction (GSP) where the winner at the last ad position pays the larger value between the highest losing bid and reserve price, and the GSP with a posted reserve price (APR) where the winner at the last position pays the reserve price. We show that if advertisers’ per-click value has an increasing generalized failure rate, the search engine’s revenue rate is quasi-concave and hence there exists an optimal reserve price under both mechanisms. While the number of advertisers and the number of ad positions have no effect on the selection of reserve price in GSP, the optimal reserve price is affected by both factors in APR and it should be set higher than GSP.
Recent Advances in Creep Modelling of the Nickel Base Superalloy, Alloy 720Li
Authors: Harrison William , Whittaker Mark , Williams Steve
Published: March 2013

Recent work in the creep field has indicated that the traditional methodologies involving power law equations are not sufficient to describe wide ranging creep behaviour. More recent approaches such as the Wilshire equations however, have shown promise in a wide range of materials, particularly in extrapolation of short term results to long term predictions. In the aerospace industry however, long term creep behaviour is not critical and more focus is required on the prediction of times to specific creep strains. The current paper illustrates the capability of the Wilshire equations to recreate full creep curves in a modern nickel superalloy. Furthermore, a finite-element model based on this method has been shown to accurately predict stress relaxation behaviour allowing more accurate component lifing.
Predictive Factors of Sensitivity to Elisidepsin, a Novel Kahalalide F-Derived Marine Compound
Authors: Serova Maria , De Gramont Armand , Bieche Ivan , Riveiro Maria , Galmarini Carlos , Aracil Miguel , Jimeno José , Faivre Sandrine , Raymond Eric
Published: March 2013

Elisidepsin (PM02734, Irvalec®) is a synthetic marine-derived cyclic peptide of the Kahalalide F family currently in phase II clinical development. Elisidepsin was shown to induce rapid oncosis in ErbB3-expressing cells. Other predictive factors of elisidepsin sensitivity remained unknown. A panel of 23 cancer cell lines of different origin was assessed for elisidepsin cytotoxicity and correlated with mutational state, mRNA and protein expression of selected genes. Elisidepsin showed potent and broad cytotoxic effects in our cancer cell line panel, being active at concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 2 μM that may be relevant for clinical settings. We have shown that elisidepsin is more active in cells harboring epithelial phenotype with high E-cadherin and low vimentin expression. In addition, high ErbB3 and Muc1 expression was correlated with sensitivity to elisidepsin, whereas the presence of KRAS activating mutations was associated with resistance. In DU-PM cells with acquired resistance to elisidepsin, ErbB3 expression was decreased, while Bcl2 was increased. DU-PM cells displayed higher sensitivity to ErbB1-inhibitors suggesting possible cross-talk of ErbB1 and ErbB3 signaling pathways. Combinations of elisidepsin with lapatinib and several chemotherapies including 5-FU and oxaliplatin resulted in synergistic effects that offer the potential of clinical use of elisidepsin in combination settings.
Three Compositional Varieties of Rare-Earth Element Ore: Eudialyte-Group Minerals from the Norra Kärr Alkaline Complex, Southern Sweden
Authors: Sjöqvist Axel , Cornell David , Andersen Tom , Erambert Muriel , Ek Mattias , Leijd Magnus
Published: March 2013

Agpaitic nepheline syenites at the Norra Kärr Alkaline Complex, southern Sweden, are rich in zirconium and rare-earth elements (REE), which are mainly accommodated in eudialyte-group minerals (EGM). Norra Kärr hosts three compositionally distinct groups of EGM, which are complex zirconosilicates. Analyses of EGM by electron beam energy-dispersive (SEM-EDS) and wavelength-dispersive (WDS-EMP) X-ray microanalysis are presented and compared, complemented by whole-rock analyses. The SEM-EDS and WDS-EMP methods produce comparable results for most elements. Considering that most SEM instruments have a user-friendly EDS system, it is a useful tool for reconnaissance work in research and especially in exploration-related studies. The EGM evolved markedly from an initial Fe-rich and REE-poor, but HREE-dominated variety, to an intermediate Fe-Mn and HREE-rich one, and to a final Mn- and LREE-rich variety, which occur in rocks classified as lakarpite and grennaite. Based on the Mn/(Fe+Mn) ratios of the EGM, this trend is interpreted as a result of magmatic evolution. The threefold diversity of EGM presented in this work is much broader than has previously been documented.
Regulatory Effects of Cu, Zn, and Ca on Fe Absorption: The Intricate Play between Nutrient Transporters
Authors: Scheers Nathalie
Published: March 2013

Iron is an essential nutrient for almost every living organism because it is required in a number of biological processes that serve to maintain life. In humans, recycling of senescent erythrocytes provides most of the daily requirement of iron. In addition, we need to absorb another 1–2 mg Fe from the diet each day to compensate for losses due to epithelial sloughing, perspiration, and bleeding. Iron absorption in the intestine is mainly regulated on the enterocyte level by effectors in the diet and systemic regulators accessing the enterocyte through the basal lamina. Recently, a complex meshwork of interactions between several trace metals and regulatory proteins was revealed. This review focuses on advances in our understanding of Cu, Zn, and Ca in the regulation of iron absorption. Ascorbate as an important player is also considered.
Simple Fabrication Process for 2D ZnO Nanowalls and Their Potential Application as a Methane Sensor
Authors: Chen Tse-Pu , Chang Sheng-Po , Hung Fei-Yi , Chang Shoou-Jinn , Hu Zhan-Shuo , Chen Kuan-Jen
Published: March 2013

Two-dimensional (2D) ZnO nanowalls were prepared on a glass substrate by a low-temperature thermal evaporation method, in which the fabrication process did not use a metal catalyst or the pre-deposition of a ZnO seed layer on the substrate. The nanowalls were characterized for their surface morphology, and the structural and optical properties were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and photoluminescence (PL). The fabricated ZnO nanowalls have many advantages, such as low growth temperature and good crystal quality, while being fast, low cost, and easy to fabricate. Methane sensor measurements of the ZnO nanowalls show a high sensitivity to methane gas, and rapid response and recovery times. These unique characteristics are attributed to the high surface-to-volume ratio of the ZnO nanowalls. Thus, the ZnO nanowall methane sensor is a potential gas sensor candidate owing to its good performance.
The World is Yours: “Degrowth”, Racial Inequality and Sustainability
Authors: Gilmore Brian
Published: March 2013

In French economist Serge Latouche’s 2009 book, Farewell to Growth, Latouche discusses “degrowth” in great detail, but he also explains how racial bias (and bias in general) in the world today has no place in a post-GDP world that embraces the principles outlined in “degrowth” or, as he calls it, décroissance. Latouche writes in Farewell to Growth that “we resist, and must resist all forms of racism and discrimination (skin color, sex, religion, ethnicity)”, biases he insist are “all too common in the West today.” Latouche’s ideas are important for considering “degrowth”, because racial bias and the historical problems presented by that bias, in the United States, continues despite efforts to address it in a significant manner. The World is Yours discusses “degrowth” , economic growth and racial inequality, seeking to not only provide a better understanding of the recent social, legal and political meaning of these terms, but also the difficulties presented by these ideas today in a world increasingly committed to economic growth, even at the expense of human existence. How can a new economic paradigm be pursued that is more sustainable? Will African-Americans and other groups of color and nations of color accept “degrowth” if the US begins to implement a real sustainable agenda that addresses racial inequality?
Increasing Woody Species Diversity for Sustainable Limestone Quarry Reclamation in Canada
Authors: Cohen-Fernandez Anayansi , Naeth M.
Published: March 2013

Environmental sustainability of post mined limestone quarries often requires reclamation to a diverse woody plant community. Woody species diversity may be severely limited if only nursery stock is relied on for propagation material; thus other sources must be evaluated. To address woody species establishment and survival from different propagule sources at a limestone quarry in western Canada, native trees (4) and shrubs (3) were seeded and transplanted into amended substrates (wood shavings, clean fill, unamended control) in two seasons (spring, fall). Plant sources were nursery stock, local forest wildlings, seeds and forest soil (LFH mineral soil mix). Plant emergence, survival, height, health and browsing were evaluated over four years. Survival was greater with fall transplanted seedlings than with spring transplanted. Survival was greater for Picea glauca, Pseudotsuga menziesii and Populus tremuloides from nursery than local source stock. Seedlings from seeds and LFH did not survive for any of the species. Growth and survival were affected by bighorn sheep. Amendments did not improve plant establishment. Diversity of the woody plant community was increased at the quarry in spite of the severe conditions.
Vitreous Pillow for Sustained-Release Intravitreous Drug Delivery Implants
Authors: Kapoor Kapil G. , Shultz Ryan W. , Iezzi Raymond
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Intravitreous drug delivery systems are injected or surgically implanted for sustained release of drugs to the posterior segment for conditions such as vein occlusions and diabetic macular edema. Since these devices rely upon the vitreous body for support, concerns regarding their migration and prolonged direct retinal contact have limited their use in vitrectomized eyes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Three patients with persistent macular edema received dexamethasone intravitreal implantation following vitrectomy employing the authors’ novel technique for embedding the system in a residual inferior vitreous skirt that serves as a pillow on which the implant rests after pars plana vitrectomy.

RESULTS:

At minimum 6-month follow-up, all patients had improved visual acuity and improved central retinal thickness on optical coherence tomography, were without complaints of floaters or migration of the implant, and were without complications. The implant consistently remained embedded in the inferior vitreous skirt.

CONCLUSION:

The technique may mitigate concerns regarding implant migration and direct retina contact.

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Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2013;44:181–182]
Inferior Peripheral Nonperfusion in Bilateral Diffuse Uveal Melanocytic Proliferation
Authors: Yonekawa Yoshihiro , Shildkrot Yevgeniy , Eliott Dean
Published: March 2013

Bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (BDUMP) is a paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by cataract, photoreceptor loss and subretinal fluid overlying patchy areas of retinal pigment epithelium atrophy, and a diffusely thickened choroid with focal nodules. We present the case of a 64-year-old woman with a history of endometrial adenocarcinoma who developed BDUMP with bilateral exudative retinal detachments with inferior peripheral retinal ischemia. This new finding of peripheral nonperfusion expands the spectrum of BDUMP.

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Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2013;44:190–192]
Increasing Volume of a Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Detachment as a Predictor of Submacular Hemorrhage During Anti-VEGF Therapy
Authors: de Amorim Garcia Filho Carlos Alexandre , Penha Fernando Marcondes , Gregori Giovanni , Rosenfeld Philip J.
Published: March 2013

Vascularized retinal pigment epithelium detachments (PEDs) are part of the spectrum of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). These patients with vascularized PEDs are at a higher risk of experiencing severe vision loss. This case report demonstrates the use of a new spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) algorithm to measure the area and volume of PEDs. When this algorithm was applied to the scans from a patient with a vascularized PED who developed a large submacular hemorrhage while undergoing ranibizumab therapy, the authors found that the algorithm measured an increase in the area and volume of the PED that preceded the macular hemorrhage. Although further studies are needed, the increase in the volume of a PED may serve as a useful predictor of disease progression and the need for more aggressive anti-VEGF therapy.

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Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2013;44:204–207]
Evaluación del trabajo esencial de fractura en chapa de un acero de alta resistencia de fase dual
Authors: Gutiérrez D. , Pérez Ll. , Lara A. , Casellas D. , Prado J. M.
Published: March 2013

La tenacidad de fractura de aceros de alta resistencia (AHSS), es una propiedad interesante para optimizar el comportamiento a impacto, pero su caracterización experimental en chapas metálicas es compleja debido a su espesor. En este trabajo se plantea el método del Trabajo Esencial de Fractura (TEF), como alternativa al cálculo de la tenacidad. Este método ya ha sido utilizado con éxito en polímeros y aceros dúctiles, aunque la información sobre su aplicación en AHSS es escasa. Se ha evaluado la tenacidad en un acero de fase dual de 800 MPa de resistencia y se ha comparado con la de un acero de embutición. Los resultados muestran que se cumplen los requisitos del método y ponen en evidencia la influencia del radio de entalla en el valor obtenido de TEF, especialmente para AHSS. Con todo ello, el método TEF se puede usar para caracterizar la tenacidad de AHSS en formato chapa.
Consistencia dimensional en cubos de sincronización de alto rendimiento
Authors: García P. , Campos M. , Torralba J. M.
Published: March 2013

Las tolerancias en componentes fabricados para la industria del automóvil son tan estrechas que cualquier modificación en las variables del proceso puede provocar que no se cumplan. Una disminución de las tolerancias dimensionales, puede significar una mejora en las propiedades de las piezas. Dependiendo de los requerimientos dimensionales y del material, distintas rutas de procesado pueden seguirse para encontrar un método de procesado robusto, que minimice costes y maximice la capacidad del proceso. En los últimos años, la tolerancia dimensional se ha ajustado gracias a métodos de procesado como el doble prensado/doble sinterizado (“2P2S”), método de gran precisión para conseguir estrechas tolerancias. En este trabajo, se muestra que los parámetros de procesado del primer ciclo de sinterización tienen una gran importancia en los pasos siguientes y en las dimensiones finales alcanzadas. Todos los ciclos se han realizado en una línea real de fabricación de cubos sincronizadores para cambio manual, asegurando el mantenimiento de condiciones estables y control de proceso relevante para el producto y el proceso en sí mismo.
Ovarian Stem Cells–-the Pros and Cons
Authors: Evron Ayelet , Blumenfeld Zeev
Published: March 2013

The potential for postnatal de novo oogenesis in mammals and in humans has become very controversial in the fields of reproductive science and biology.

Historically, it has been thought that females of most mammalian species lose the ability to produce oocytes at birth. A contemporary understanding of stem cell biology together with novel experimental methods has challenged the model of a prenatal fixed ovarian primordial follicle pool that declines with age. Researchers have suggested replenishment of post-natal oocytes by germ-line stem cells (GSCs). According to this theory, GSCs produce oocytes and primordial follicles throughout the lifetime of the adult female.

This review describes recent approaches supporting the revolutionary idea of de novo oogenesis in mammals and humans of reproductive-age and provides counter arguments from opponents of this novel and innovative concept.
Prevalence of Anemia and Immunological Markers in HIV-Infected Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Northeastern Nigeria
Authors: Denue Ballah Akawu , Kida Ibrahim Musa , Hammagabdo Ahmed , Dayar Ayuba , Sahabi Mohammed Abubakar
Published: March 2013

Background

There are conflicting reports on the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in resolving hematological complications. Whereas some studies have reported improvements in hemoglobin and other hematological parameters resulting in reduction in morbidity and mortality of HIV patients, others have reported no improvement in hematocrit values of HAART-treated HIV patients compared with HAART-naïve patients.

Objective

This current study was designed to assess the impact of HAART in resolving immunological and hematological complications in HIV patients by comparatively analyzing the results (immunological and hematological) of HAART-naive patients and those on HAART in our environment.

Methods

A total of 500 patients participated, consisting of 315 HAART-naive (119 males and 196 females) patients and 185 HAART-experienced (67 males and 118 females) patients. Hemoglobin (Hb), CD4+ T-cell count, total white blood count (WBC), lymphocyte percentage, plateletes, and plasma HIV RNA were determined.

Results

HAART-experienced patients were older than their HAART-naive counterparts. In HAART-naive patients, the incidence of anemia (packed cell volume [PCV] <30%) was 57.5%, leukopenia (WBC < 2.5), 6.1%, and thrombocytopenia < 150, 9.6%; it was, significantly higher compared with their counterparts on HAART (24.3%, 1.7%, and 1.2%, respectively). The use of HAART was not associated with severe anemia. Of HAART-naive patients, 57.5% had a CD4 count < 200 cells/μL in comparison with 20.4% of HAART-experienced patients ( P < 0.001). The mean viral load log10 was significantly higher in HAART-naive than in HAART-experienced patients ( P < 0.001). Total lymphocyte count < 1.0 was a significant predictor of <CD4 counts < 200 cells/μL in HAART-naïve patients, but this relationship was not observed in HAART-experienced patients.

Conclusion

HAART has the capability of reducing the incidence of anemia, other deranged hematological and immunological parameters associated with disease progression, and death in HIV-infected patients. Total lymphocyte count fails to predict CD4 count < 200 cells/μL in our cohort; thus, its use in the management and monitoring of HIV-infected patients in our settings is not reliable.
Amenability of linear-activity automaton groups
Authors: Amir Gideon , Angel Omer , Virág Bálint
Published: March 2013

We prove that every linear-activity automaton group is amenable. The proof is based on showing that a random walk on a specially constructed degree 1 automaton group – the mother group – has asymptotic entropy 0. Our result answers an open question by Nekrashevych in the Kourovka notebook, and gives a partial answer to a question of Sidki.
Line bundles with partially vanishing cohomology
Authors: Totaro Burt
Published: March 2013

Define a line bundle

L

on a projective variety to be

q

-ample, for a natural number

q

, if tensoring with high powers of

L

kills coherent sheaf cohomology above dimension

q

. Thus 0-ampleness is the usual notion of ampleness. We show that

q

-ampleness of a line bundle on a projective variety in characteristic zero is equivalent to the vanishing of an explicit finite list of cohomology groups. It follows that

q

-ampleness is a Zariski open condition, which is not clear from the definition.
Separable solutions of quasilinear Lane–Emden equations
Authors: Porretta Alessio , Véron Laurent
Published: March 2013

For

0<p-1<q

and either

\epsilon=1

or

\epsilon=-1

, we prove the existence of solutions of

-\Delta_pu=\epsilon u^q

in a cone

C_S

, with vertex

0

and opening

S

, vanishing on

\partial C_S

, under the form

u(x)=|x|^{-\beta}\omega(\frac{x}{|x|})

. The problem reduces to a quasilinear elliptic equation on

S

and existence is based upon degree theory and homotopy methods. We also obtain a non-existence result in some critical case by an integral type identity.
Invariants for the modular cyclic group of prime order via classical invariant theory
Authors: Wehlau David L.
Published: March 2013

Let

\mathbb F

be any field of characteristic

p

. It is well-known that there are exactly

p

inequivalent indecomposable representations

V_1,V_2,\dots,V_p

of

C_p

defined over

\mathbb F

. Thus if

V

is any finite dimensional

C_p

-representation there are non-negative integers

0\leq n_1,n_2,\dots, n_k \leq p-1

such that

V \cong \oplus_{i=1}^k V_{n_i+1}

. It is also well-known there is a unique (up to equivalence)

d+1

dimensional irreducible complex representation of SL

_2(\mathbb C)

given by its action on the space

R_d

of

d

forms. Here we prove a conjecture, made by R. J.
Shank, which reduces the computation of the ring of

C_p

-invariants

\mathbb F[ \oplus_{i=1}^k V_{n_i+1}]^{C_p}

to the computation of the classical ring of invariants (or covariants)

\mathbb C[R_1 \oplus (\oplus_{i=1}^k R_{n_i})]^{\mathrm {SL}_2(\mathbb C)}

. This shows that the problem of computing modular

C_p

invariants is equivalent to the problem of computing classical SL

_2(\mathbb C)

invariants. This allows us to compute for the first time the ring of invariants for many representations of

C_p

. In particular, we easily obtain from this generators for the rings of vector invariants

\mathbb F[m\,V_2]^{C_p}

,

\mathbb F[m\,V_3]^{C_p}

and

\mathbb F[m\,V_4]^{C_p}

for all

m \in \mathbb N

. This is the first computation of the latter two families of rings of invariants.
Local null controllability of a ﬂuid-solid interaction problem in dimension 3
Authors: Boulakia Muriel , Guerrero Sergio
Published: March 2013

We are interested by the three-dimensional coupling between an incompressible fluid and a rigid body. The fluid is modeled by the Navier-Stokes equations, while the solid satisfies the Newton's laws. In the main result of the paper we prove that, with the help of a distributed control, we can drive the fluid and structure velocities to zero and the solid to a reference position provided that the initial velocities are small enough and the initial position of the structure is close to the reference position. This is done without any condition on the geometry of the rigid body.
A stability theorem for elliptic Harnack inequalities
Authors: Bass Richard F.
Published: March 2013

We prove a stability theorem for the elliptic Harnack inequality: if two weighted graphs are equivalent, then the elliptic Harnack inequality holds for harmonic functions with respect to one of the graphs if and only if it holds for harmonic functions with respect to the other graph. As part of the proof, we give a characterization of the elliptic Harnack inequality.
Limiting Sobolev inequalities for vector fields and canceling linear differential operators
Authors: Van Schaftingen Jean
Published: March 2013

The estimate

\|{D^{k-1}u}\|_{L^{n/(n-1)}} \le \|{A(D)u}\|_{L^1}

is shown to hold if and only if

A(D)

is elliptic and canceling. Here

A(D)

is a homogeneous linear differential operator

A(D)

of order

k

on

\mathbb R^n

from a vector space

V

to a vector space

E

. The operator

A(D)

is defined to be canceling if

\bigcap_{\xi \in \mathbb R^n \setminus \{0\}} A(\xi)[V]=\{0\}.

This result implies in particular the classical Gagliardo–Nirenberg–Sobolev inequality, the Korn–Sobolev inequality and Hodge–Sobolev estimates for differential forms due to J. Bourgain and H. Brezis. In the proof, the class of cocanceling homogeneous linear differential operator

L(D)

of order

k

on

\mathbb R^n

from a vector space

E

to a vector space

F

is introduced. It is proved that

L(D)

is cocanceling if and only if for every

f \in L^1(\mathbb R^n; E)

such that

L(D)f=0

, one has

f \in \dot{W}^{-1, n/(n-1)}(\mathbb R^n; E)

. The results extend to fractional and Lorentz spaces and can be strengthened using some tools of J. Bourgain and H. Brezis.
Linearized plasticity is the evolutionary $\Gamma$-limit of finite plasticity
Authors: Mielke Alexander , Stefanelli Ulisse
Published: March 2013

We provide a rigorous justification of the classical linearization approach in plasticity. By taking the small-deformations limit, we prove via

\Gamma

-convergence for rate-independent processes that energetic solutions of the quasi-static finite-strain elastoplasticity system converge to the unique strong solution of linearized elastoplasticity.
The automorphism group of $\overline{M}_{0,n}$
Authors: Bruno Andrea , Mella Massimiliano
Published: March 2013

The paper studies fiber type morphisms between moduli spaces of pointed rational curves. Via Kapranov’s description we are able to prove that the only such morphisms are forgetful maps. This allows us to show that the automorphism group of

\overline{M}_{0,n}

is the permutation group on n elements as soon as

n ≥ 5

.
Legendrian and transverse twist knots
Authors: Etnyre John B. , Ng Lenhard L. , Vértesi Vera
Published: March 2013

In 1997, Chekanov gave the first example of a Legendrian nonsimple knot type: the

m(5_2)

knot. Epstein, Fuchs, and Meyer extended his result by showing that there are at least

n

different Legendrian representatives with maximal Thurston–Bennequin number of the twist knot

K_{-2n}

with crossing number

2n+1

. In this paper we give a complete classification of Legendrian and transverse representatives of twist knots. In particular, we show that

K_{-2n}

has exactly

\lceil\frac{n^2}2\rceil

Legendrian representatives with maximal Thurston–Bennequin number, and

\lceil\frac{n}{2}\rceil

transverse representatives with maximal self-linking number. Our techniques include convex surface theory, Legendrian ruling invariants, and Heegaard–Floer homology.
The boundary value problem for Dirac-harmonic maps
Authors: Chen Qun , Jost Jürgen , Wang Guofang , Zhu Miaomiao
Published: March 2013

Dirac-harmonic maps are a mathematical version (with commuting variables only) of the solutions of the field equations of the non-linear supersymmetric sigma model of quantum field theory. We explain this structure, including the appropriate boundary conditions, in a geometric framework. The main results of our paper are concerned with the analytic regularity theory of such Dirac-harmonic maps. We study Dirac-harmonic maps from a Riemannian surface to an arbitrary compact Riemannian manifold. We show that a weakly Dirac-harmonic map is smooth in the interior of the domain. We also prove regularity results for Dirac-harmonic maps at the boundary when they solve an appropriate boundary value problem which is the mathematical interpretation of the D-branes of superstring theory.
Singular sets of holonomy maps for algebraic foliations
Authors: Calsamiglia Gabriel , Deroin Bertrand , Frankel Sidney , Guillot Adolfo
Published: March 2013

In this article we investigate the natural domain of definition of a holonomy map associated to a singular holomorphic foliation of the complex projective plane. We prove that germs of holonomy between algebraic curves can have large sets of singularities for the analytic continuation. In the Riccati context we provide examples with natural boundary and maximal sets of singularities. In the generic case we provide examples having at least a Cantor set of singularities and even a nonempty open set of singularities. The examples provided are based on the presence of sufficiently rich contracting dynamics in the holonomy pseudogroup of the foliation. This gives answers to some questions and conjectures of Loray and Ilyashenko, which follow-up on an approach to the associated ODE’s developed notably by Painlevé.
Best constants for the isoperimetric inequality in quantitative form
Authors: Cicalese Marco , Leonardi Gian Paolo
Published: March 2013

We prove some results in the context of isoperimetric inequalities with quantitative terms. In the

2

-dimensional case, our main contribution is a method for determining the optimal coefficients

c_{1},\dots,c_{m}

in the inequality

\delta P(E) \geq \sum_{k=1}^{m}c_{k}\alpha (E)^{k} + o(\alpha (E)^{m})

, valid for each Borel set

E

with positive and finite area, with

\delta P(E)

and

\alpha (E)

being, respectively, the \textit{isoperimetric deficit} and the \textit{Fraenkel asymmetry} of

E

. In

n

dimensions, besides proving existence and regularity properties of minimizers for a wide class of \textit{quantitative isoperimetric quotients} including the lower semicontinuous extension of

\frac{\delta P(E)}{\alpha (E)^{2}}

, we describe the general technique upon which our

2

-dimensional result is based. This technique, called Iterative Selection Principle, extends the one introduced in [12].