bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methods for more-than-human wellbeing: A collaborative journey with object interviews
Authors: Thorpe Holly , Brice Julie , Soltani Anoosh , Nemani Mihi , O’Leary Grace
Published: September 2022

Articulating the complexities of relational wellbeing can be challenging at the best of times, and even more complex during periods of heightened stress and uncertainty. Taking inspiration from feminist materialisms and recent writings on material methods, we explore the potential of object interviews to reveal the material-discursive dimensions of women’s experiences of wellbeing during the pandemic. In this paper we describe our research process conducting object interviews with 38 women living in Aotearoa New Zealand from a range of socio-economic, cultural, and ethnic backgrounds. We explore the potential and challenges of object interviews for surfacing new ways of knowing (theoretically, methodologically, and cross-culturally) wellbeing beyond human-oriented health, medical and social-constructionist models, and towards more multidimensional and relational understandings. This paper offers our reflections and learnings about the process of re-turning object interviews and the potential of such approaches for evoking complex ways of knowing wellbeing during and beyond pandemic times.
A simple UPLC-MS/MS assay with a core-shell column for the determination of exemestane in human plasma for clinical application
Authors: Ishii Takuho , Nojiri Nana , Mano Yuji
Published: September 2022

Exemestane is one of the aromatase inhibitors and has been used to treat breast cancer by lowering estrogen levels. Accurate quantification of exemestane is important to set an optimal dose, and thus a simple assay for exemestane is developed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometer. Exemestane was extracted from human plasma samples (100 μL) by simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile/methanol (1/1, v/v). Interference peaks observed close to the elution of exemestane led us to use a core shell column for higher selectivity instead of totally porous columns. The extracts were chromatographed on CORTECS UPLC C18, under a gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min and detected in the selected reaction monitoring. Validation parameters were assessed in accordance with the bioanalytical guidelines using quality control samples. Exemestane in human plasma was quantifiable from 0.5 to 50 ng/mL with high extraction recovery and minimal matrix effects. Hemolyzed or hyperlipemic plasma did not impact the exemestane assay. Exemestane was stable in human plasma for 392 days at −15°C or below. The developed assay was robust and successfully applied to quantifying exemestane concentrations in human plasma to support a clinical trial.
From Referral to Treatment: Implementation Processes in Juvenile Drug Treatment Court Programs
Authors: Greene Alison , Korchmaros Josephine D. , Kagan Raanan G. , M. Ostlie Erika , Davis Monica
Published: September 2022

Juvenile Drug Treatment Courts (JDTCs) provide a critical opportunity to identify and treat youth with substance use disorders (SUD). Structuring JTDCs to minimize process complexity and time to treatment is important. Results across eight JDTCs indicate the number of steps between referral and enrollment varied from 2 to 7, and the potential wait time varied from 1 to 58 days. The number of steps between referral and SUD treatment varied from 3 to 8, and the potential wait time varied from 2 to 118 days. Information regarding JTDC process can inform the field about JTDC practice, including barriers to treatment as well as areas for improvement.
‘Most Likely You Go Your Way (and I’ll Go Mine)’: School-level enactment of an educational innovation policy in Barcelona
Authors: Quilabert Edgar , Moschetti Mauro C
Published: September 2022

Narratives on innovation in education are spreading fast and both national and local educational administrations have been recently promoting innovation policies and programmes in many different European contexts. Academic literature analysing the potential benefits of innovation in education has expanded accordingly, with some international organizations increasingly commissioning research aiming to study the impacts of educational innovation, especially on learning outcomes. Interestingly, less attention has been given to analysing how these policies and programmes are translated into different practices at the school level. Drawing on a policy enactment framework, this paper aims to analyse the ways in which schools interpret top-down policy text and prescription on innovation and enact innovation in education. To do so, we focus on the case of Xarxes per al Canvi (XC), an educational innovation programme launched by the educational administration of the city of Barcelona in 2017 that aims to create school networks in order to stimulate knowledge sharing and innovation. Findings show how schools make sense of the innovation policy diversely. Policy enactment outcomes appear to be context-sensitive, with schools enacting its precepts in different ways, especially to serve their needs in increasingly competitive local education markets.
Displacement behavior interpretation and prediction model of concrete gravity dams located in cold area
Authors: Yuan Dongyang , Gu Chongshi , Wei Bowen , Qin Xiangnan , Gu Hao
Published: September 2022

The measured displacement-driven structural health monitoring (SHM) model is a significant approach to interpreting the influencing mechanism of environmental loads on dam displacement and to predicting the future operating behavior. Considering the large ambient temperature difference in cold area and the insufficient interpretive performance of the hydrostatic-seasonal-time (HST) model on thermal displacement behavior caused by the short-term dynamic fluctuations of ambient temperature, a hydrostatic-thermal-time (HTT) model considering hysteresis effect of boundary temperature is proposed to quantitatively analyze the influencing mechanism of environmental loads on displacement behavior of concrete gravity dams in cold area. Meanwhile, to improve the predictive performance of the proposed HTT model, whale optimization algorithm (WOA)-optimized gated recurrent unit (GRU) network is employed to effectively excavate the complex nonlinear relationship between dam displacement and its explanatory variables. A roller compacted concrete (RCC) gravity dam in cold area is taken as an example, and the cause of the disharmonious horizontal displacement behavior of an overflow dam crest is explained via the proposed HTT model and numerical simulation method. The conclusion is conducive for better understanding the displacement behavior of concrete dams in cold area. Meanwhile, engineering examples show that the proposed HTT model can reasonably interpret the thermal displacement behavior caused by the ambient temperature variations, and the WOA-optimized GRU network-based HTT model exhibits excellent fitting and predicting capabilities. A novel technique is provided for the accurate prediction of dam displacement.
Theoretical modeling of low-velocity impact behavior of sandwich-structured composites reinforced with weft-knitted spacer fabric
Authors: Hasanalizade Fatemeh , Dabiryan Hadi
Published: September 2022

The aim of this paper is to develop an analytical model to predict indentations of the impactor on the composites reinforced with weft-knitted spacer fabric using Hertz contact law. For this purpose, simply supported rectangular plate with partially load developed by Timoshenko was applied to analyze the deflection of top face, and the concepts of the buckling of initially curved struts were used to find the buckling of Z-fibers. To evaluate the accuracy of the model, the effect of the number of Z-fiber per unit area and elastic modulus of Z-fiber were investigated. The results showed that in the outside the contact area, the impact force bends the layer and causes the Z-fibers to buckle, but no indentation occurs. Inside the contact zone, the indentation has occurred, in addition to the layer deflection and Z-fiber buckling. Also, indentations in both X and Y directions decrease by increasing the Z-fiber density. In addition, the higher the z-fiber modulus leads to fewer indentations. Decreasing the angle coefficient of Z-fibers leads to increase their buckling resistance. Moreover, a reasonable agreement was observed between theoretical and experimental results; so that the maximum error of prediction was less than 20%. Furthermore, the proposed model can give the indentation of different points of sandwich-structured composites according to their coordinates.
Flatwise compression behavior of 3D woven honeycomb composites
Authors: Tripathi Lekhani , Behera Bijoya Kumar
Published: September 2022

Honeycomb being a cellular solid is a well-known core in sandwich structure and is considered an ideal structural material because of its high strength and shear stiffness, high impact strength, lower weight, excellent energy absorbing property, high crushing stress, and almost constant crushing force. In this study, 3D woven honeycomb structures were developed with different cell geometry by varying the cell size, free wall length, bonded wall length, opening angle, and the number of honeycomb layers keeping overall composite thickness and cell shape constant. The variation of cell geometry was carried out by changing the number of picks in the honeycomb wall. Composite samples were prepared from the honeycomb preforms with epoxy resin (matrix) using VARIM (vacuum-assisted resin infusion method) process and characterized for their flatwise compression behavior. It was found that the structural parameters influenced compression energy absorption. The results revealed that regular cell shape, smaller cell size, and higher number of layers of honeycomb composites exhibited higher specific energy absorption. These findings are useful in engineering design development and applications of 3D honeycomb composites.
The Hepatoprotective and Anti-Nephrotoxic Potential of Methanolic Extract of a Polyherbal Preparation in CCl4-Induced Liver Injury Model of Wistar Rats
Authors: Boota Muhammad , Shah Syed Muhammad Ali , Rashid Abid , Akram Muhammad , Ayaz Sultan , Mustafa Imtiaz , Nisar Jaweria , Nisar Zonaira
Published: September 2022

The liver and kidneys are the vital organs of the body and perform important life-sustaining functions in the body. Synthetic drugs used in the treatment of liver and kidney diseases are sometimes inadequate and can lead to serious side effects. Medicinal herbs and plants were used to combat diseases for a long time and combination therapy is preferred over single plant therapy. In the current study, the Asparagus racemosus, Mucuna pruriens, Anacyclus pyrethrum, and Tribulus terrestris polyherbal preparation (PHP) was selected to evaluate its hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-nephrotoxic potential. The methanolic extract of PHP was prepared following standard protocols. Fifty-six albino rats were divided into 7 groups (n = 8). The negative control (NC) having the healthy rats and the remaining 6 groups were induced liver toxicity by intraperitoneally injecting 0.5 mL/kg of 50% CCl4 in olive oil. Group 2 was positive control and group 3 and 4 received silymarin standard drug at the dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. Groups 5, 6, and 7 (PHP-1, PHP-2, PHP-3) were the liver-damaged rats receiving the PHP at a dose of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg body weight. Blood samples were collected at 21 of the trial, to evaluate oxidative stress, hepatoprotective and anti-nephrotoxic potential. Results of liver function tests revealed significant ( P < .05) hepatoprotective activities of PHP after intoxication with CCl4 of albino rats as compared to standard groups. Moreover, results of renal functions also showed that PHP has a significant ( P < .05) restoring the capacity of blood urea, creatinine, and uric acid in intoxicated rats as compared with the control group. The PHP also reduced the oxidative stress in the treatment groups by increasing the total antioxidant capacity and reducing the total oxidative status. It can be concluded that selected medicinal plants have a potential role in the management of liver and kidney disorders. So, by running the clinical trial on a large scale and by isolating the phytochemical constituents responsible for hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activities, locally prepared drugs could be developed to manage liver and renal disorders.
Therapeutic Potential of MgO and MnO Nanoparticles Within the Context of Thyroid Profile and Pancreatic Histology in a Diabetic Rat Model
Authors: Shaukat Arslan , Hussain Ghulam , Irfan Shahzad , Ijaz Muhammad Umar , Anwar Haseeb
Published: September 2022

Magnesium oxide (MgO) and manganese oxide (MnO) have been reported to be effective against Diabetes Mellitus (DM). However, their nanoparticulate form has not been evaluated for antidiabetic effect. MgO and MnO nanoparticles (15–35 nm) were synthesized and subsequently characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), zeta sizer, and scanning electron microscopy. 6–7 weeks old rats weighing 200–220 mg were divided into 07 equal groups (n = 8), namely, negative control (NC), positive control (PC), standard control (Std-C), MgO high dose group (MgO-300) and low dose group (MgO-150), and MnO nanoparticle high dose (MnO-30) and low dose group (MnO-15). Diabetes was chemically induced (streptozotocin 60 mg/kg B.W) in all groups except the NC. Animals were given CMD and water was ad libitum. Nanoparticles were supplemented for 30 days after the successful induction of diabetes. Blood and tissue samples were collected after the 30th day of the trial. The mean serum glucose, insulin, and glucagon levels were improved maximally in the MgO-300 group followed by MgO-150 and MnO-30 groups. Whereas the MnO-15 group fails to show any substantial improvement in the levels of glucose, insulin, and glucagon as compared to the positive control group. Interesting the serum triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were markedly improved in all the nanoparticle treatment groups and were found to be similar to the standard control group. These results highlight the modulatory properties of MgO and MnO nanoparticles and merit further studies delineating the molecular mechanisms through which these nanoparticles induce antidiabetic effects.
A Systematic Review of Omega-3 Consumption and Neuroprotective Cognitive Outcomes
Authors: Sherzai Ayesha Z. , Sherzai Alexander N. , Sherzai Dean
Published: September 2022

Context

While a great deal of interest has been accorded to the cognitive effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFAs), there is a need for systematic review data that assess this outcome across the lifespan, accounting for population differences and highlighting methodological limitations of extant studies.

Objective

This systematic review addresses the effects of n-3s on human cognition and provides an overview on the current state of research and recommendations for future efforts.

Data Sources

Based on a thorough review of highly powered articles from PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, and ProQuest Central, the authors evaluated articles published between 2000 and 2020 assessing LC PUFA status on cognition as a primary outcome measure. Using the PRISMA guidelines, the researchers’ primary aim was to provide a comprehensive overview of the articles.

Conclusions

The results indicate inconsistent effects of intervention, with benefits for specific groups on specific outcomes. Although results were rarely definitive across cognitive domains, and the majority of studies indicated the presence of a possible threshold effect in which LC PUFA needs were already being met, and supplementation did not have an additional effect, there is evidence for trends towards benefit in cognitive functions, in those experiencing early cognitive decline.
A rare case of 17α-hydroxylase/17, 20-lyase deficiency: Clinical and genetic findings and follow-up outcomes
Authors: Dai Li-Zhen , Ma Hong , Ke Jian-Fang , Lin Chen-Shi , Huang Yanling , Tian Yuan , Chen Danling
Published: September 2022

Here, we reported a case of a 16-year-old Chinese female patient (46, XX) diagnosed as 17α-hydroxylase/17, 20-lyase deficiency (17-OHD) in June 2018 and over 3 years follow-up outcomes; 17-OHD is a rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The patient presented with primary amenorrhea, underdeveloped secondary sexual characteristics, hypertension and hypokalemia. Hormonal findings revealed decreased estrogen and androgen, increased progesterone, low cortisol concentration and compensatory high adrenocorticotropic hormone level. Mutation analysis of the CYP17A1 gene identified the c.1459_1467del GACTCTTTC homozygous deletion in exon 8, namely, D487_F489del mutation, resulting in the deletion of Aspartate–Serine–Phenylalanine amino acids. The patient’s father and mother were all heterozygous carriers of this mutation. The diagnosis and follow-up outcomes provided useful insights to support clinical decision-making and appropriate treatment.
How do we measure unmet need within sexual and reproductive health? A systematic review
Authors: Solomon D , Cabecinha M , Gibbs J , Burns F , Sabin CA
Published: September 2022

Background:

Addressing health inequality with sexual and reproductive health requires an understanding of unmet need within a range of populations. This review examined the methods and definitions that have been used to measure unmet need, and the populations most frequently assessed.

Methods:

Five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Health Management and Policy Database (HMIC)) were searched for studies that described quantitative measurement of unmet need within sexual and/or reproductive health between 2010 and 2021. A narrative synthesis was then undertaken to ascertain themes within the literature.

Results:

The database search yielded 19,747 papers; 216 papers were included after screening. 190 studies assessed unmet reproductive health need, of which 137 were analyses of trends among people living in low/lower-middle income countries; 181 used cross-sectional data, with only nine analyses being longitudinal. Eighteen studies analysed unmet sexual health need, of which 12 focused on high and upper-middle income populations. 16 papers used cross-sectional analyses. The remaining 10 studies examined unmet need for a combination of sexual and reproductive health services, eight among populations from upper-middle or high income countries. All were cross-sectional analyses. 165 studies used the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) definition of unmet need; no other standardised definition was used among the remaining papers.

Discussion:

There is a significant focus on unmet need for contraception among women in low income countries within the published literature, leaving considerable evidence gaps in relation to unmet need within sexual health generally and among men in particular, and unmet reproductive health need in high income settings. In addition, using an increased range of data collection methods, analyses and definitions of unmet need would enable better understanding of health inequality in this area.
Impact of interpretation bias on depression in ambiguous situations: A panel survey with a three-month interval
Authors: Sugita Asuka , Yoshimura Shimpei
Published: September 2022

The negative interpretation of ambiguous situations is understood as interpretation bias, which is a core factor that causes and prolongs depression. However, not many studies have examined the causal influence of interpretation bias on depression. Accordingly, we developed the Japanese version of AST-D-II in which ambiguous scenarios are employed to measure interpretation bias related to depression. A survey was conducted among 247 participants at two time points, with a three-month interval (Time 1 and Time 2). Subsequently, the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of AST-D-II were verified. Thereafter, the depression and AST-D-II scores at both time points were put into structural equation modeling and the cross-lagged panel model was examined. Although the Japanese version of AST-D-Ⅱ had a different factor structure to that found in previous studies, it is a useful scale to measure interpretation bias in Japanese people. In addition, the cross-lagged panel model revealed that interpretation bias is not only related to current depression, but interpretation bias at Time 1 has an impact on depression at Time 2. Therefore, one may deduce that interpretation bias has a long-term impact on depression, thus indicating that interventions on interpretation bias are important in the prevention of depression.
Neither opaque nor transparent: A transdisciplinary methodology to investigate datafication at the EU borders
Authors: Valdivia Ana , Aradau Claudia , Blanke Tobias , Perret Sarah
Published: September 2022

In 2020, the European Union announced the award of the contract for the biometric part of the new database for border control, the Entry Exit System, to two companies: IDEMIA and Sopra Steria. Both companies had been previously involved in the development of databases for border and migration management. While there has been a growing amount of publicly available documents that show what kind of technologies are being implemented, for how much money, and by whom, there has been limited engagement with digital methods in this field. Moreover, critical border and security scholarship has largely focused on qualitative and ethnographic methods. Building on a data feminist approach, we propose a transdisciplinary methodology that goes beyond binaries of qualitative/quantitative and opacity/transparency, examines power asymmetries and makes the labour of coding visible. Empirically, we build and analyse a dataset of the contracts awarded by two European Union agencies key to its border management policies – the European Agency for Large-Scale Information Systems (eu-LISA) and the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex). We supplement the digital analysis and visualisation of networks of companies with close reading of tender documents. In so doing, we show how a transdisciplinary methodology can be a device for making datafication ‘intelligible’ at the European Union borders.
User needs gathering for the design of information and communications technology-supported occupational stress management intervention: A quantitative study
Authors: Weerasekara Manoja , Smedberg Åsa B , Karunathilaka Ganga , Sandmark Hélène
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The software industry is considered a growing industry with a high propensity to cause stress reactions among employees due to its demanding and technology-driven nature. There are convincing shreds of evidence that information and communications technology (ICT) interventions can effectively solve stress-related disorders. However, several identified constraints have hindered its potential benefits, such as poor adherence, lack of engagement, high attrition and lack of personalisation.

Objective

The study presented in this article aims to gather the user needs of software employees in Sri Lanka to identify design ideas for an ICT-supported intervention for occupational stress management (ICTSMI) in the software industry.

Materials and methods

The study followed a quantitative approach using an online questionnaire in which three key areas were investigated: (1) stressors, (2) coping strategies and (3) design preferences. A total of 408 valid responses were collected and analysed using SPSS software.

Results

Findings revealed that the majority of software employees were with a moderate level of stress. They perceived work stressors and role stressors as common causes of stress. The most frequently used coping strategy was to seek social support, followed by digital activities and sports and physical exercises. The male and female design preferences varied to a greater extent but only slightly varied based on their job category. However, findings suggested the necessity of further elicitation of user needs to support the design process.
Experiences of the clinical learning environment in peer learning: A mixed method study from bachelor students’ and main preceptors’ perspectives
Authors: Josse-Eklund Anna , Carlson Elisabeth , Sundin-Andersson Christina , Olsson Cecilia
Published: September 2022

There is a lack of clinical placements for bachelor nursing students (BNS). Due to this, stringent educational models for clinical practice need to be developed. The aim was to describe bachelor nursing students’ and main preceptors’ experiences of the clinical learning environment during peer learning. This mixed method study was based on a joint project between the Karlstad University and the Region Värmland, Sweden, where peer learning was launched in two geriatric clinical education wards. A total of 23 bachelor nursing student and four main preceptors participated. The data were collected in parallel, qualitative data through focus group interviews and reflective journals, and quantitative data with the CLES + T scale between November 2017 and February 2018. A directed content analysis of all results was performed. The COREQ Checklist was used. The student–patient and the student–main preceptor relationships were important for the students’ development. The students described the educational atmosphere as comfortable and safe and that the staff were knowledgeable about them. Peer learning with close interaction between patients and all staff can create authenticity, which in turn drives the BNSs’ professional development. All staff should be involved in the supervision of the students and include them as members of the nursing team.
There is More to ‘Making Connections to Improve Health Outcomes’
Authors: Sturmberg Joachim
Published: September 2022

Langevin 1 rightly points to the reductionist mindset being the stumbling block for providing person-centered care. While considering the interconnections between the various domains underpinning health is a necessary first step towards more person-centered care, it ultimately is not sufficient. Person-centered care arises from the appreciation of the interdependencies and interactions between the various domains across its large-scale supersystems as much as its small-scale subsystems. Viewed with a complex-adaptive systems mindset health and disease are the phenotypical outcome categorisations of a person’s whole-of-systems dynamics across all scales of organisation. 2 , 3
Qualitative and Quantitative Anatomy of the Humeral Attachment of the Pectoralis Major Muscle and Structures at Risk: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Ganokroj Phob , Midtgaard Kaare , Elrick Bryant P. , Dey Hazra Rony-Orijit , Douglass Brenton W. , Nolte Philip C. , Peebles Annalise M. , Fossum Brad W. , Brown Justin R. , Millett Peter J. , Provencher Matthew T.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Surgical pectoralis major (PM) repair can offer improved functional outcomes over nonoperative treatment. However, there is a lack of literature on consensus of the anatomical site of the humeral attachment.

Purpose:

To provide qualitative and quantitative anatomic analysis of the PM by focusing on humeral insertion and relevant structures at risk.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Eight fresh-frozen male cadavers were dissected. The relevant landmarks that were collected and measured included (1) PM footprint length at the humeral insertion (total, sternal head, and clavicular head insertions); (2) PM tendon length from the humeral insertion to the musculotendinous junction; (3) distance from the PM humeral insertion to the lateral (LPN) and medial (MPN) pectoral nerves; and (4) distance from the coracoid process to the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) in anatomical position.

Results:

The total PM footprint length was 81.4 mm (95% CI, 71.4-91.3). The sternal and clavicular heads that make up the PM had footprint lengths of 42.1 mm (95% CI, 32.9-51.4) and 56.6 mm (95% CI, 46.5-66.7), respectively. The PM tendon was wider at the clavicular head (74.7 mm; 95% CI, 67.5-81.7) than the sternal head insertions (43.0 mm; 95% CI, 40.1-45.9). The distances from the PM humeral insertion to LPN and MPN were 93.2 mm (95% CI, 83.1-103.3) and 103.8 mm (95% CI, 98.3-109.4), respectively. The coracoid process to MCN distance was 68.5 mm (95% CI, 60.2-76.8).

Conclusion:

This study successfully quantifies anatomic dimensions of the PM tendon, its sternal and clavicular head insertions, and its location relative to nearby vital structures. Such knowledge can provide surgeons with a better understanding of the PM in relation to nearby neurovascular structures during anatomic PM repair and reconstruction to avoid debilitating complications.

Clinical Relevance:

Knowledge of the quantitative anatomy of the PM at the humeral footprint along structures at risk may aid surgeons with identifying the injured part of the PM and improve outcomes for anatomic repair and reconstruction.
Strategies in supporting inclusive education for autistic students—A systematic review of qualitative research results
Authors: Petersson-Bloom Linda , Holmqvist Mona
Published: September 2022

Background and Aim

Strategies to modify and adjust the educational setting in mainstream education for autistic students are under-researched. Hence, this review aims to identify qualitative research results of adaptation and modification strategies to support inclusive education for autistic students at school and classroom levels.

Method

In this systematic review, four databases were searched. Following the preferred PRISMA approach, 108 studies met the inclusion criteria, and study characteristics were reported. Synthesis of key findings from included studies was conducted to provide a more comprehensive and holistic understanding.

Main Contribution

This article provides insights into a complex area via aggregating findings from qualitative research a comprehensive understanding of the phenomena is presented. The results of the qualitative analysis indicate a focus on teachers' attitudes and students' social skills in research. Only 16 studies were at the classroom level, 89 were at the school level, and three studies were not categorized at either classroom or school level. A research gap was identified regarding studies focusing on the perspectives of autistic students, environmental adaptations to meet the students' sensitivity difficulties, and how to enhance the students' inclusion regarding content taught and knowledge development from a didactic perspective.

Conclusions and Implications

Professional development that includes autism-specific understanding and strategies for adjusting and modifying to accommodate autistic students is essential. This conclusion may direct school leaders when implementing professional development programs. A special didactical perspective is needed to support teachers' understanding of challenges in instruction that autistic students may encounter.
Care and its discontents: Commodification, coercive cooperation, and resistance in Copenhagen Zoo
Authors: Mc Loughlin Eimear
Published: September 2022

Through ethnographic attunement to the emotionally complex relationships between zookeepers and nonhuman animals, commodification in the political economy of Copenhagen Zoo produces a form of care characterized by coercive cooperation. Amidst the coercive constraints of captivity, keepers depict relationships as ranging from those of explicit coercion, where the animals are made to work, to those of cooperation, where the animals are perceived as working with. Within this context, zoo animals can be better understood as “cooperative commodities”, lively commodities that are perceived as cooperating in their commodification. The belief in cooperation also reframes potential moments of resistance as opportunities to respond and thereby lessen the emotional toll on zookeepers when maladaptive behaviors highlight the failings of their captive environment.
Controlling the narrative: Critiquing the geopolitical narratives of US environmental impact assessments and exclusion of Indigenous communities
Authors: Grote Katie M
Published: September 2022

Environmental policy, while often well-intentioned, can fall short when environmental issues intersect with Indigenous community concerns. The intention of the United States National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) is for federal agencies to consider the adverse environmental impacts prior to action. While NEPA has resulted in some agencies making more environmentally conscious decisions, agency self-interest is sometimes prioritized over socio-ecological well-being. Rather than using environmental impact assessments (EIAs) for their potential to inform just and sustainable environmental decisions, in practice federal, state, and private agencies have the power as assessment document authors to create geopolitical narratives. These narratives can be utilized to legitimize the outcomes that best serve their interests rather than the well-being of the surrounding physical and social environment. This article further explores the details of these narratives through two case studies in which Indigenous communities argued that the EIA documents did not adequately consider their worldviews or holistic adverse impacts. Through the utilization of a case study structure, a qualitative content analysis of EIA documents, and an environmental geopolitics framework informed by Indigenous scholarship, this article illustrates how the EIA process, in its current form, allows for agencies to justify or obscure geopolitically motivated actions, often at the expense of Indigenous communities. This work aims to critically enrich EIA scholarship by exploring the phenomenon of inadequate consideration of Indigenous worldviews through an Indigenous environmental geopolitics framework, building on conceptual understandings of the shortcomings of the EIA process and encouraging changes that make strides toward more equitable environmental assessment practice.
DKA Prevention and Insulin Pumps: Lessons Learned From a Large Pediatric Pump Practice
Authors: Doyle Elizabeth Ann , Weinzimer Stuart Alan , Tamborlane William
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

This purpose of the study was to describe recent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) incidence data in youth with type 1 diabetes using insulin pumps and the impact of continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) on DKA rates.

Methods:

DKA data were obtained through a retrospective chart review of insulin pump users (ages <26 years) between December 2019 and June 2021 in an academic pediatric endocrinology practice where 68% of patients were pump users.

Results:

Among 591 pump patients, 28 events occurred (3.16 events per 100 patient-years). Mean age was 13.6±3.4 years; 85.7% ranged from 12 to 19 years. Mean A1C was 10.2±2.3%, diabetes duration was 6.1±4.0 years, and 57.1% used CGM. Admission pH levels ranged between 7.0 and 7.31, with 28.6% of events classified as “moderate” and 46.4% “severe.” There was no significant difference in the DKA severity between those who wore a CGM and those who did not (ie, pH, serum bicarbonate, mentation alteration, length of stay, intensive care unit admission, and hospital admission). DKA events were attributed to concurrent illness (10.7%), insulin omission (14.3%), pump site failure (57.1%), or other pump malfunctions (14.3%).

Conclusion:

DKA events in pump-treated patients were relatively uncommon; most episodes occurred in adolescents with higher A1C levels, and notably, most events could have been avoided if users followed standard troubleshooting guidelines. Thus, DKA prevention education should be reinforced at each encounter, particularly for teens with higher A1C levels. Moreover, more than 50% of those with DKA episodes wore a CGM, suggesting that pump users using CGM require frequent reinforcement of this education and that the development of such educational materials is critical.
Environmental geography and the inheritance of Western technoscience
Authors: Lehman Jessica , Johnson Elizabeth
Published: September 2022

How has environmental geography grappled with the inheritances of Western technoscience? On one hand, as a discipline, we are now well aware of science's entanglements with imperial projects and racist logics, not to mention the omissions and silenced voices propagated by the ‘view from nowhere.’ On the other, it is difficult to imagine environmental geographies and politics that are not tethered to technoscience – however implicitly or transgressively. This paper offers a critical analysis for grappling with the inheritance of Western technoscience in environmental geography. We accomplish this by reading the work of Donna Haraway, Sylvia Wynter and their interlocuters together to posit a set of principles for the subdiscipline of environmental geography. In doing so, rather than review the engagements of environmental geographers with Western technoscience, we range outside the discipline for insights into responsibility, epistemic inheritances and world-making in the wake of violent legacies. Throughout, we take neither environmental geography nor Western technoscience as monolithic or univocal and instead follow specific threads of engagement and potential amplification. We see progress in environmental geography as inextricable from the subdiscipline's entanglement with technoscience, and therefore advocate for a relationship that is ultimately responsible for this inheritance through its transformation.
Music in the Lives of Immigrant Children: A Review of Literature
Authors: Ripani Giulia
Published: September 2022

As a growing number of immigrant children enter formal music education, research is crucial to understand their experiences and to promote culturally relevant and socially just music education pedagogies. Whereas, researchers have traditionally focused on immigrant adolescents and music, I chose to synthesize studies on musical childhood in immigration contexts. In addition, this review draws on the acculturation literature to interpret music research findings. Researchers have documented meanings and forms of immigrant children’s musical engagement in formal and informal learning contexts. Research findings have indicated that immigrant children mix different musical traditions while using music to navigate their bicultural identities. Several studies have also addressed the perspectives of immigrant parents and the challenges of music teachers in diverse classrooms. Although this body of literature has provided descriptive accounts of musical childhood in immigration contexts, studies have offered valuable suggestions for more effective musical activities in multicultural learning environments.
MRD dynamics during maintenance for improved prognostication of 1280 patients with myeloma in the TOURMALINE-MM3 and -MM4 trials
Authors: Paiva Bruno , Manrique Irene , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Gay Francesca , Min Chang-Ki , Zweegman Sonja , Špička Ivan , Teipel Raphael , Mateos María-Victoria , Giuliani Nicola , Cavo Michele , Hopkins Christine Rojas , Fu Weijun , Suryanarayan Kaveri , Vorog Alexander , Li Cong , Wang Bingxia , Estevam Jose , Labotka Richard , Dash Ajeeta B.
Published: September 2022

Measurable residual disease (MRD) evaluation may help to guide treatment duration in multiple myeloma (MM). Paradoxically, limited longitudinal data exist on MRD during maintenance. We investigated the prognostic value of MRD dynamics in 1280 transplant-eligible and -ineligible patients from the TOURMALINE-MM3 and -MM4 randomized placebo-controlled phase 3 studies of 2-year ixazomib maintenance. MRD status at randomization showed independent prognostic value (median progression-free survival [PFS], 38.6 vs 15.6 months in MRD− vs MRD+ patients; HR, 0.47). However, MRD dynamics during maintenance provided more detailed risk stratification. A 14-month landmark analysis showed prolonged PFS in patients converting from MRD+ to MRD− status vs those with persistent MRD+ status (76.8% vs 27.6% 2-year PFS rates). Prolonged PFS was observed in patients with sustained MRD− status vs those converting from MRD− to MRD+ status (75.0% vs 34.2% 2-year PFS rates). Similar results were observed at a 28-month landmark analysis. Ixazomib maintenance vs placebo improved PFS in patients who were MRD+ at randomization (median, 18.8 vs 11.6 months; HR, 0.65) or at the 14-month landmark (median, 16.8 vs 10.6 months; HR, 0.65); no difference was observed in patients who were MRD−. This is the largest MM population undergoing yearly MRD evaluation during maintenance reported to date. We demonstrate the limited prognostic value of a single–time point MRD evaluation, because MRD dynamics over time substantially impact PFS risk. These findings support MRD− status as a relevant end point during maintenance and confirm the increased progression risk in patients converting to MRD+ from MRD− status. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02181413 and #NCT02312258.
Hodgkin lymphoma and female fertility: a multicenter study in women treated with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine
Authors: Machet Antoine , Poudou Caroline , Tomowiak Cécile , Gastinne Thomas , Gardembas Martine , Systchenko Thomas , Moya Niels , Debiais Celine , Levy Anthony , Gruchet Cécile , Sabirou Florence , Noel Stéphanie , Bouyer Sabrina , Leleu Xavier , Delwail Vincent , Guidez Stéphanie
Published: September 2022

Preservation of fertility has become a growing concern in young females with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). However, the rate of pregnancy after the current most frequently prescribed ABVD (doxorubicin [Adriamycin], bleomycin, vinblastine, and darcarbazine) chemotherapy for HL has rarely been studied. In this study, we aim to determine the impact of ABVD on the fertility of women treated for HL. We conducted a noninterventional, multicenter study of female patients of childbearing age who were treated for HL. Two healthy apparied women nonexposed to chemotherapy (our controls) were assigned for each patient. Fertility was assessed by the number of pregnancies and births after HL treatment. Sixty-seven patients were included. The median age at diagnosis was 24.4 years (range, 16-43). HL was a localized disease for 68.7%. Of all the patients, 53.7% started at least 1 pregnancy after treatment vs 54.5% of the controls (P = .92). Of all the patients who desired children, 81% had at least 1 pregnancy. Patients treated with ABVD did not have a longer median time to pregnancy (4.8 years in the group of patients and 6.8 years for controls). Across patients, there were 58 pregnancies and 48 births (ratio, 1:2) and 136 pregnancies and 104 births (ratio, 1:3) for the control cohort. No increase in obstetric or neonatal complications has been reported in HL in our study. The number of pregnancies, births, and the time to start a pregnancy in young women treated with ABVD for HL is not different from that of controls. Therefore, females with HL treated with ABVD should be reassured regarding fertility.
U2AF1 and EZH2 mutations are associated with nonimmune hemolytic anemia in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Komrokji Rami , Aguirre Luis E. , Al Ali Najla , Hussaini Mohamad , Sallman David , Rollison Dana , Padron Eric
Published: September 2022

Hemolysis is a well-recognized but poorly characterized phenomenon in a subset of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Its pathobiological basis seems to underpin a nonimmune etiology whose clinical significance has not been adequately characterized. Hemolysis in MDS is often attributed to either ineffective intramedullary erythropoiesis or acquired hemoglobinopathies and red blood cell (RBC) membrane defects. These heterogeneous processes have not been associated with specific genetic subsets of the disease. We aimed to describe the prevalence of hemolysis among patients with MDS, their baseline characteristics, molecular features, and resulting impact on outcomes. We considered baseline serum haptoglobin <10 mg/dL a surrogate marker for intravascular hemolysis. Among 519 patients, 10% had hemolysis. The baseline characteristics were similar among both groups. Only 13% of patients with hemolysis were Coombs-positive, suggesting that hemolysis in MDS is largely not immune-mediated. Inferior survival trends were observed among lower-risk patients with MDS undergoing hemolysis. Decreased response rates to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) and higher responses to hypomethylating agents (HMA) were also observed in the hemolysis group. U2AF1 and EZH2 hotspot mutations were more prevalent among those undergoing hemolysis (P < .05). U2AF1 mutations were observed in 30% of patients with hemolysis and occurred almost exclusively at the S34 hotspot. Somatic mutations encoding splicing factors may affect erythrocyte membrane components, biochemical properties, and RBC metabolic function, which underpin the development of atypical clones from erythroid precursors in MDS presenting with hemolysis. Future studies will explore the contribution of altered splicing to the development of acquired hemoglobinopathies.
Predicting nicotine metabolism across ancestries using genotypes
Authors: Baurley James W. , Bergen Andrew W. , Ervin Carolyn M. , Park Sung-shim Lani , Murphy Sharon E. , McMahan Christopher S.
Published: September 2022

Background

There is a need to match characteristics of tobacco users with cessation treatments and risks of tobacco attributable diseases such as lung cancer. The rate in which the body metabolizes nicotine has proven an important predictor of these outcomes. Nicotine metabolism is primarily catalyzed by the enzyme cytochrone P450 (CYP2A6) and CYP2A6 activity can be measured as the ratio of two nicotine metabolites:trans-3’-hydroxycotinine to cotinine (NMR). Measurements of these metabolites are only possible in current tobacco users and vary by biofluid source, timing of collection, and protocols; unfortunately, this has limited their use in clinical practice. The NMR depends highly on genetic variation nearCYP2A6on chromosome 19 as well as ancestry, environmental, and other genetic factors. Thus, we aimed to develop prediction models of nicotine metabolism using genotypes and basic individual characteristics (age, gender, height, and weight).

Results

We identified four multiethnic studies with nicotine metabolites and DNA samples. We constructed a 263 marker panel from filtering genome-wide association scans of the NMR in each study. We then applied seven machine learning techniques to train models of nicotine metabolism on the largest and most ancestrally diverse dataset (N=2239). The models were then validated using the other three studies (total N=1415). Using cross-validation, we found the correlations between the observed and predicted NMR ranged from 0.69 to 0.97 depending on the model. When predictions were averaged in an ensemble model, the correlation was 0.81. The ensemble model generalizes well in the validation studies across ancestries, despite differences in the measurements of NMR between studies, with correlations of: 0.52 for African ancestry, 0.61 for Asian ancestry, and 0.46 for European ancestry. The most influential predictors of NMR identified in more than two models were rs56113850, rs11878604, and 21 other genetic variants nearCYP2A6as well as age and ancestry.

Conclusions

We have developed an ensemble of seven models for predicting the NMR across ancestries from genotypes and age, gender and BMI. These models were validated using three datasets and associate with nicotine dosages. The knowledge of how an individual metabolizes nicotine could be used to help select the optimal path to reducing or quitting tobacco use, as well as, evaluating risks of tobacco use.