bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stochastic atomic acceleration during the X-ray-induced fluidization of a silica glass
Authors: Dallari Francesco , Martinelli Alessandro , Caporaletti Federico , Sprung Michael , Baldi Giacomo , Monaco Giulio
Published: January 2023

The X-ray-induced, nonthermal fluidization of the prototypical SiO
2
glass is investigated by X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy in the small-angle scattering range. This process is initiated by the absorption of X-rays and leads to overall atomic displacements which reach at least few nanometers at temperatures well below the glass transition. At absorbed doses of ∼5 GGy typical of many modern X-ray-based experiments, the atomic displacements display a hyperdiffusive behavior and are distributed according to a heavy-tailed, Lévy stable distribution. This is attributed to the stochastic generation of X-ray-induced point defects which give rise to a dynamically fluctuating potential landscape, thus providing a microscopic picture of the fluidization process.
Extending PT to split ergative marking and differential object marking
Authors: Baten Kristof , Ponnet Aaricia
Published: January 2023

This chapter proposes a developmental sequence for the L2 acquisition of two linguistic phenomena in Hindi, namely split ergativity and differential object marking. The proposal builds on the universal key mechanisms of Processability Theory, i.e., the transfer of grammatical information between constituents (i.e., so-called ‘feature unification’) and the linking of arguments and constituents to grammatical functions (so-called ‘a-to-f mappings’ or ‘c-to-f mappings’), which have been successful in explaining the acquisition of case markers cross-linguistically, i.e., in L2 German, L2 Russian, and L2 Serbian. In addition, the proposal will build on newer developments within PT, which give greater weight to semantic considerations, as evident from a study on differential object marking in L2 Spanish. The present chapter will argue for a development that starts with emerging mappings between prototypical semantic characteristics of thematic roles and case marking, and that evolves to eventual associations of these mappings with grammatical functions.
Acquiring content questions in Japanese child second language
Authors: Kawaguchi Satomi , Iwasaki Junko
Published: January 2023

This longitudinal study examines the development of Japanese content questions in an English L1-Japanese L2 child within the Processability Theory (Pienemann, 1998). Our informant, John, started learning Japanese from 6;3 at a Japanese school in Australia. The data were collected between 7;0–8;9, where John produced 373 content questions. The developmental stages of content questions in Japanese L2 were hypothesised based on the Prominence Hypothesis. The analysis revealed that after the production of single-word questions, content questions appeared with a copula followed by lexical verbs, mostly in-situ, consistent with the Prominence Hypothesis. John produced errors concerning incorrect case particles being attached to the question words and NPs. These errors were not reported in monolingual and bilingual first language studies on content questions. These can be explained in terms of his current language acquisition stage.
Japanese L2 corpora and SLA research
Authors: Sakoda Kumiko , Kawaguchi Satomi
Published: January 2023

This chapter overviews learner corpora and corpus-based acquisition studies in Japanese to illustrate the advantages of using them in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) research. It introduces learners’ oral and written production corpora, including I-JAS, the largest Japanese learner corpora in the world. Through separate studies, including one PT-based study, we illustrate how corpora can be utilised to obtain results beyond what can usually be achieved with small-scale studies, which contributes toward overcoming the recurring limitations of current SLA research. Analysing learner corpora enables immediate crosslinguistic triangulations and greater generalisability of findings regarding interlanguage systems. Corpora-based studies allow SLA researchers to consider new perspectives and areas that have to this day been underexplored because of the paucity of data or lack of typological spread and comparability.
Towards understanding the triggering of the malignant cell death in high-efficiency magneto-mechanical anticancer therapy
Authors: Semina P N , Isaev I L , Komogortsev S V , Klyuchantsev A B , Kostyukov A S , Blagodatova A V , Khrennikov D E , Kichkailo A S , Zamay T N , Lapin I N , Sokolov A E , Polyutov S P , Karpov S V
Published: January 2023

The paper discusses schemes for implementing magneto-mechanical anticancer therapy and the most probable scenarios of damaging mechanical effects on the membranes of malignant cells by targeted magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) selectively bound to membrane mechanoreceptors employing aptamers. The conditions for the selective triggering of the malignant cell apoptosis in a low-frequency non-heating alternating magnetic field, corresponding to the exceeding threshold value of the force acting on the membrane and its mechanoreceptors, are established using a nanoparticle dynamic simulation. The requirements for the functionality of MNPs and their suitability for biomedical applications are analyzed. Attention is paid to the possibility of the formation of magnetite nanoparticle aggregates in an external magnetic field and their localization near tumor cell membranes. It is shown that the scenario involving the process of aggregation of magnetite nanoparticles provides a sufficient magneto-mechanical impact to achieve a therapeutic effect. A possible explanation for the experimentally established fact of successful application of magneto-mechanical therapy using magnetite nanoparticles is presented, in which complete suppression of the Ehrlich carcinoma in an alternating magnetic field as a response to a magneto-mechanical stimulus was demonstrated. This result confirmed the possibility of using the method for high efficiency treatment of malignant neoplasms. The paper provides an extensive review of key publications and the state of the art in this area.
Cluster folding model analysis of the 7Be+28Si elastic scattering in the near-barrier
Authors: Anwar M , Hemmdan A
Published: January 2023

In the framework of the optical model, the elastic scattering of the radioactive projectile 7Be on the 28Si target at four energies near the Coulomb barrier has been analyzed. The cluster folding model is used to determine the real part of the nuclear optical potential. For comparison, two microscopic optical potentials have been generated using the DDM3Y effective NN interaction based upon two different forms for 7Be density distribution. All the obtained real potentials, in conjunction with phenomenological Woods-Saxon imaginary parts, have successfully reproduced the elastic scattering angular distributions over the measured angular range. The energy dependence of the real and imaginary strengths that are produced by the best-fit of the experimental data was examined. Neither the usual threshold anomaly nor the breakup threshold anomaly can be observed at the considered energy range. The obtained cross sections have been reduced and compared with earlier theoretical and experimental data of 7Li on the same target near the Coulomb barrier.
The gyroscopic effect and moment of inertia
Authors: Fäldt Åke , Fredlund Tobias
Published: January 2023

This paper describes a lab to help students develop their understanding of rotational motion. The focus is on moment of inertia, which the students investigate by rolling cylinders down a ramp and determine in two different ways for a bicycle wheel. The most important and original part of the lab is the exploration of the gyroscopic effect, where measurements of precession and rotation frequencies are made using the variation of the detected magnetic field, enabling the calculation of the moment of inertia. The lab is received well by the students and can be done with relatively simple equipment easily accessible to them.
Numerical analysis of divertor target heat load of I-modes in comparison with H-modes of EAST
Authors: Wang Min , Wang Xiaogang , Liu Zixi , Yang Xiaoyi , Zhou Tianchun , Si Hang , Shen Chao
Published: January 2023

Due to substantial edge transport of particles, I-mode operations offer a high potential for divertor heat load mitigation. In this work, the divertor parameters of I-mode operations on EAST have been investigated using the SOLPS-ITER code, and comparison with H-mode operations has also been made by modeling the I- and H-mode operation processes on EAST. The simulation shows that, for the same separatrix electron density at the outer midplane (OMP)

n

e

,

OMP

sep

, the upstream electron density of the I-mode is higher than that of the H-mode with no density pedestal, while the upstream temperature of the I-mode is almost the same as that of the H-mode with a temperature pedestal similar to that of the H-mode. As a combined result, the temperature and energy flux peaks of the I-mode are thus lower than those of the H-mode at the divertor target. Further parameter scanning investigation reveals that, under low-density conditions (

n

e

,

OMP

sep

=
1.16
×

10

19

 

m

−
3

), the peak energy flow at the target is reduced by ∼34.1%, in the case of the I-mode as compared to the H-mode, while the peak target temperature is dropped by ∼54.6%. Under high-density conditions (

n

e

,

OMP

sep

=
4.04
×

10

19

 

m

−
3

), on the other hand, the energy flux and temperature peaks are weakened by ∼28% and ∼30.1%, respectively. The upstream density at detachment onset of an I-mode is also lower than that of an H-mode, by 18.5%. These results suggest that I-mode operation is more appropriate for divertor heat load mitigation than H-mode operation.
Enhanced polarized proton acceleration driven by femtosecond laser pulses irradiating a micro-structured solid–gas target
Authors: Yan Xue , Wu Yitong , Geng Xuesong , Zhang Hui , Shen Baifei , Ji Liangliang
Published: January 2023

Herein, we propose a scheme based on collision-less shock acceleration (CSA) involving the use of composite targets comprising a micro-structured foil and a pre-polarized gas for obtaining high-energy polarized proton beams. Femtosecond laser pulses irradiate a microwire-array (MWA) target and efficiently heat the dense plasma, which moves toward the dilute plasma. Shocks are then introduced in the pre-polarized gas to accelerate upstream spin-polarized protons to relativistic velocities. Based on particle-in-cell simulations with added spin dynamics, protons with energies of 30–300 MeV are produced, and the polarization rate of protons in the high-energy region exceeds 90%. The simulations demonstrate an evident increase in the temperature and number of hot electrons owing to the presence of MWA structures, which increase both the longitudinal electric field strength associated with the shock and the energy of the reflected protons. During CSA, the bipolar magnetic field driven by hot-electron currents demonstrates a weak effect on the polarization level of the accelerated protons, resulting in a high polarization rate. The relationship between the energy of the polarized proton beam and the hot-electron temperature enables an optimization of the micro-structured target and other target components to enhance proton quality via the CSA process.
Regulating the rectifying effect of zigzag germanium selenide nanoribbons by selective edge decoration
Authors: Wang Fang , Zhang Yajun , Guo Caixia , Wang Tianxing
Published: January 2023

Germanium selenide (GeSe) nanoribbons as quasi-one-dimensional materials are expected to host fascinating tunable electronic properties due to the edge state and quantum confinement effect. Herein, the effect on the electronic structures and transport properties of zigzag GeSe nanoribbon (ZGeSeNR) of different functional passivation groups is systematically studied using a combination of density functional theory and the non-equilibrium Green’s function. The N-, P-, and S-passivated ZGeSeNRs are metallic, while the F-, Cl-, OH-, and H-passivated ones exhibit semiconductor properties. The rectification behavior is found in lateral ZGeSeNR heterojunctions composed of a metal–semiconductor contact, and the rectification performance can be modulated by changing the edge passivation group, the ribbon width, and the length of the scattering region. Especially, the highest rectification ratio (RR) reaches 9.2

×

106 in the S–H–ZGeSeNR heterojunctions, in which the left and right half-edge atoms are passivated by the S and H groups, respectively. These results are useful for the design of nanoscale rectifiers based on ZGeSeNRs.
Dual gate AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMT biosensor for electrical detection of biomolecules-analytical model
Authors: Mann Ruby , Rewari Sonam , Sharma Shobha , Gupta R S
Published: January 2023

This paper proposes an analytical model for a dual gate AlGaN/GaN Metal oxide semiconductor-high-electron-mobility transistor (MOS-HEMT) biosensor for electrical detection of neutral species such as Biotin, Keratin, ChOx, and Zein. When only one subband is occupied and the AlGaN layer is assumed to have been fully ionized, the Fermi–Dirac statistic and 2D state density are used to produce a self-consistent calculation of the carrier density in the quantum well at the interface. It is done by analyzing the impact of biomolecule concentration by inserting a biomolecule of appropriate dielectric permittivity in the cavity area beneath the gate region. The impact of cavity length has been analyzed on the sensor’s performance. The proposed device significantly changes the channel potential, transconductance, drain current, and threshold voltage. Dual gate structures offer superior resistance to short channel effects. Due to enhanced transport characteristics, high carrier mobility, drain current, and a variety of other factors, double gate MOS HEMT outperforms single-gate MOS HEMT. The maximal transconductance, drain on sensitivity, and the maximal drain current that has been attained in this work is 0.017 s, 0.22 and 0.129 mA, respectively, for biomolecule concentration, N
b = 3 × 1012. Among all the biomolecules used in this study, Keratin has achieved the maximum shift in threshold voltage and transconductance of 0.4 V and 0.016 s. The increase in current for Keratin, Biotin, Zein, and ChOx is 0.67%, 78%, 17%, and 42%, respectively, from single to dual gate AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMT. SiO2, Al2O3, and HfO2 oxides have been compared by filling them in the left side of the cavity. Dual gate AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMT biosensor presents an opportunity to develop robust, low-cost, specific detection and analysis of neutral biomolecule. The analytical model provides good results for drain current according to the comparison of simulation and analytical model findings.
A novel double RESURF SOI-LIGBT with dynamic avalanche immunity and low losses
Authors: Li Weidan , Huang Mingmin , Ma Keqiang , Hu Qiang , Jiang Xingli , Wang Siliang , Gong Min
Published: January 2023

A novel, trench gates, double reduced surface field, lateral insulated gate bipolar transistor based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI-LIGBT) is proposed and investigated. A p-top layer connected to the emitter via two series diodes and n-rings surrounding the bottom of trench gates are used to reduce the on-state voltage drop (V
CE(sat)) and turn-off loss (E
off). A deep trench with a p-ring is introduced to form a gate-drain shorted positive channel metal oxide semiconductor, which can automatically raise the potential of the p-ring during turn-off so as to enhance the dynamic avalanche immunity. Besides, the deep trench with a p-ring can shield the high electric field from n-rings at the blocking state, which avoids the breakdown of n-rings. Simulation results indicate that the proposed LIGBT can be safely turned off even under a bus voltage equal to the breakdown voltage (V
B), and V
CE(sat) under E
off = 1 mJ cm−2 can be 24% lower than that of the conventional LIGBT.
An RF SQUID readout for a flux qubit-based microwave single photon counter
Authors: Shnyrkov V I , Shapovalov A P , Lyakhno V Yu , Dumik A O , Kalenyuk A A , Febvre P
Published: January 2023

An analysis of the measurement of the magnetic flux in superconducting qubits based on RF SQUIDs was carried out with an 800 MHz bandwidth low-power-consumption cryogenic high-electron-mobility transistor amplifier. The preliminary experimental results obtained at temperatures 2 K and 4 K for RF SQUIDs in hysteretic, and in two non-hysteretic, regimes with a pump frequency of about 30 MHz are discussed. Parameters of RF SQUIDs in the hysteretic and non-hysteretic modes are analyzed within the framework of the resistively and capacitively shunted junction model for Josephson junctions. Its sensitivity at a temperature of 30 mK and frequency band (speed) are calculated and optimized to read the states of a flux qubit used as a single microwave photon counter. It is shown that an RF SQUID, operated in an adiabatic non-hysteretic mode for qubit readout, allows us to minimize its back-action effect and the dark count rate. This is due to the absence of Josephson generation, the small amplitude of the resonator electromagnetic field, and the selection of the pump frequency that does not coincide with the characteristic frequencies of the flux qubit.
Corrigendum: Experimental 1H and 13C Solid-State NMR Signal Assignment of Paramagnetic Copper (II) 2-Pyrazine-Carboxylate Complex using Density Functional Theory Calculations (2021 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1819 012032)
Authors: Hanumanta Patil Bhargava , Peraje Pampa , Naik Dinesh , Rajaramakrishna R , Dittmer Jens , Kumar Kumara Swamy Shashi
Published: January 2023

Please see Article PDF for corrigendum text.
Simulation-ready graphene oxide structures with hierarchical complexity: a modular tiling strategy
Authors: Garcia Natalya A , Awuah Joel B , Zhao Chaoyue , Vuković Filip , Walsh Tiffany R
Published: January 2023

Graphene oxide (GO) sheet structures are highly variable and depend on preparation conditions. The use of molecular simulation is a complementary strategy to explore how this complexity influences the ion transport properties of GO membranes. However, despite recent advances, computational models of GO typically lack the required complexity as suggested by experiment. The labor required to create such an ensemble of such structural models with the required complexity is impractical without recourse to automated approaches, but no such code currently can meet this challenge. Here, a modular tiling concept is introduced, along with the HierGO suite of code; an automated approach to producing highly complex hierarchically-structured models of GO with a high degree of control in terms of holes and topological defects, and oxygen-group placement, that can produce simulation-ready input files. The benefits of the code are exemplified by modeling and contrasting the properties of three types of GO membrane stack; the widely-modeled Lerf–Klinowski structure, and two types of highly heterogeneous GO sheet reflecting differing processing conditions. The outcomes of this work clearly demonstrate how the introduction of the complexity modeled here leads to new insights into the structure/property relationships of GO with respect to permeation pathways of water, ions and molecular agents that are inaccessible using previously-considered models.
Direct laser writing of copper and copper oxide structures on plastic substrates for memristor devices
Authors: Jones Joshua , Snowdon Monika R , Rathod Shasvat , Peng Peng
Published: January 2023

Rapid fabrication of flexible electronics is attracting much attention in many industries. There is a need to rapidly produce flexible electronic components without relying on costly precursor materials and complex processes. This work presents a direct laser writing (DLW) process capable of rapidly depositing flexible copper or copper oxide structures with a high degree of control over electrical properties. The DLW process uses a low-power fiber laser beam to selectively irradiate a thin film of copper ions to form and interconnect copper nanoparticles. The electrical properties of the deposited patterns can be controlled by tuning laser power, scanning speed, and beam defocus. The microstructures of patterns printed at varying laser powers are investigated using scanning electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and x-ray powder diffraction and the relation between laser power and sheet resistance is explored. The results showed that high laser energy densities resulted in highly conductive patterns of metallic copper, whereas lower energy patterns resulted in copper oxide-rich patterns with significantly lower conductivity. This method can produce high-quality flexible electronic components with a range of potential applications, as demonstrated by the proof-of-concept fabrication of a flexible memristive junction with resistive switching observed at ±0.7 V and a R
on/R
off ratio of 102.
CO2 snow jet cleaning as a roll-to-roll compatible method for deburring IMI substrates after laser patterning
Authors: Wagner M , Distler A , Schmidt H-D , Classen A , Stubhan T , Koegl M , Illg J , Brabec C J , Egelhaaf H-J
Published: January 2023

Burring is commonly encountered upon patterning of dielectric-metal-dielectric (DMD) transparent electrodes by laser ablation. These burrs are conductive and thus lead to shunting of the (opto-)electronic devices built upon these electrodes. In this work, CO2 snow jet blasting is presented as a convenient and reliable method for deburring laser-patterned DMD electrodes during roll-to-roll manufacturing of organic solar modules. As CO2 snow jet blasting significantly reduces the extent of shunting and concomitantly avoids scratching the electrode, the photoelectrical conversion efficiencies of the solar modules thus produced are higher than those obtained for traditional deburring techniques.
Experimental and numerical investigation of dry turning AISI 1030 carbon steel using CNC lathe machining
Authors: Alemayoh Gebremichael Haileselasse , Singh Balkeshwar , Tesfamariam Belay Brehane
Published: January 2023

Nowadays, modern metal industries have difficulty obtaining the required surface quality during machining. This is because various process parameters affect the quality of the surface. The aim of study to examine and enhance the impact of cutting-speed, cutting-depth, and feed rate during dry turning of AISI 1030 carbon steel experimentally and numerically (by DEFORM 3D) to get a better output response like minimal surface roughness, tool temperature, and maximum MRR. Taguchi-based grey relational analysis optimization technique was used for the experimental design and to determine the optimum solution of the multi-response. ANOVA was utilized to assess the contribution of the cutting parameters. Based on the results, cutting speed was the most important parameter that influenced the multiple responses of the grey-relational analysis, with a significance of 56.85%. The optimum parametric combination of multi-responses was 90 m min−1, 0.25 mm, and 0.15 mm/rev. With a minimum average relative error, the Taguchi prediction and finite element simulation were in excellent agreement with the experimental result.
Evaluation of asphalt ageing degree based on asphalt color
Authors: Xu Song , Wang Chuan , Wang Yefei , Yao Qiongfang , Ma Hongyan , Jia Xiaojuan , Fang Lei
Published: January 2023

To understand the relationship between the surface color and ageing of asphalt, the evaluation method for asphalt surface color was established with the color parameter of Munsell Value, then two asphalts were adopted to study the influence of asphalt ageing on its surface color, and the mechanism of whitening was investigated by the four generic fractions experiment, color spectrum tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test. The results show that the surface color of asphalt will be changed by some factors, while ageing is an important factor. The thermal-oxidative ageing (TOA) of asphalt would lead to the asphalt to be darker in color due to the component migration caused by ageing, while the ultraviolet ageing (UVA) of asphalt will result in a grey or white asphalt surface because of the fact that UVA makes the surface wrinkled and rough which would cause the asphalt surface to change from specular reflection to diffuse reflection. Since the whitening of asphalt surface caused by UVA is much more serious than the blacking caused by TOA, the asphalt pavement always tends to appear grey or white during its service life. To verify the close relationship between the surface color and UVA degree of asphalt, two modified asphalts with anti-ultraviolet ageing agents, carbon black and layered double hydroxides, were suffered from UVA, and their ageing degrees were assessed with the parameters of Munsell Value and conventional physical properties, results indicate the two evaluations on UVA degree have much consistency, which means it is feasible to adopt Munsell Value, a parameter of asphalt surface color, to evaluate the UV ageing degree of asphalt.
Stochastic interpolation of sparsely sampled time series by a superstatistical random process and its synthesis in Fourier and wavelet space
Authors: Lübke Jeremiah , Friedrich Jan , Grauer Rainer
Published: January 2023

We present a novel method for stochastic interpolation of sparsely sampled time signals based on a superstatistical random process generated from a multivariate Gaussian scale mixture. In comparison to other stochastic interpolation methods such as Gaussian process regression, our method possesses strong multifractal properties and is thus applicable to a broad range of real-world time series, e.g. from solar wind or atmospheric turbulence. Furthermore, we provide a sampling algorithm in terms of a mixing procedure that consists of generating a

1
+
1

-dimensional field

u
(
t
,
ξ
)

, where each Gaussian component

u
ξ

(
t
)

is synthesized with identical underlying noise but different covariance function

C
ξ

(
t
,
s
)

parameterized by a log-normally distributed parameter ξ. Due to the Gaussianity of each component

u
ξ

(
t
)

, we can exploit standard sampling algorithms such as Fourier or wavelet methods and, most importantly, methods to constrain the process on the sparse measurement points. The scale mixture u(t) is then initialized by assigning each point in time t a

ξ
(
t
)

and therefore a specific value from

u
(
t
,
ξ
)

, where the time-dependent parameter

ξ
(
t
)

follows a log-normal process with a large correlation time scale compared to the correlation time of

u
(
t
,
ξ
)

. We juxtapose Fourier and wavelet methods and show that a multiwavelet-based hierarchical approximation of the interpolating paths, which produce a sparse covariance structure, provide an adequate method to locally interpolate large and sparse datasets.
The impact of cost function globality and locality in hybrid quantum neural networks on NISQ devices
Authors: Kashif Muhammad , Al-Kuwari Saif
Published: January 2023

Quantum neural networks (QNNs) are often challenged with the problem of flat cost function landscapes during training, known as barren plateaus (BP). A solution to potentially overcome the problem of the BP has recently been proposed by Cerezo et al In this solution, it is shown that, for an arbitrary deep quantum layer(s) in QNNs, a global cost function (all qubits measured in an n-qubit system) will always experience BP, whereas a local cost function (single qubit measured in an n-qubit system) can help to alleviate the problem of BP to a certain depth (

)). In this paper, we empirically analyze the locality and globality of the cost function in hybrid quantum neural networks. We consider two application scenarios namely, binary and multi-class classification, and show that for multiclass classification, the local cost function setting does not follow the claims of Cerezo et al; that is, the local cost function does not result in an extended quantum layer’s depth. We also show that for multiclass classification, the overall performance in terms of accuracy for the global cost function setting is significantly higher than the local cost function setting. On the other hand, for binary classification, our results show that the local cost function setting follows the claims of Cerezo et al, and results in an extended depth of quantum layers. However, the global cost function setting still performs slightly better than the local cost function.
A multi-view latent variable model reveals cellular heterogeneity in complex tissues for paired multimodal single-cell data
Authors: Wang Yuwei , Lian Bin , Zhang Haohui , Zhong Yuanke , He Jie , Wu Fashuai , Reinert Knut , Shang Xuequn , Yang Hui , Hu Jialu
Published: January 2023

Motivation

Single-cell multimodal assays allow us to simultaneously measure two different molecular features of the same cell, enabling new insights into cellular heterogeneity, cell development and diseases. However, most existing methods suffer from inaccurate dimensionality reduction for the joint-modality data, hindering their discovery of novel or rare cell subpopulations.

Results

Here, we present VIMCCA, a computational framework based on variational-assisted multi-view canonical correlation analysis to integrate paired multimodal single-cell data. Our statistical model uses a common latent variable to interpret the common source of variances in two different data modalities. Our approach jointly learns an inference model and two modality-specific non-linear models by leveraging variational inference and deep learning. We perform VIMCCA and compare it with 10 existing state-of-the-art algorithms on four paired multi-modal datasets sequenced by different protocols. Results demonstrate that VIMCCA facilitates integrating various types of joint-modality data, thus leading to more reliable and accurate downstream analysis. VIMCCA improves our ability to identify novel or rare cell subtypes compared to existing widely used methods. Besides, it can also facilitate inferring cell lineage based on joint-modality profiles.

Availability and implementation

The VIMCCA algorithm has been implemented in our toolkit package scbean (≥0.5.0), and its code has been archived at https://github.com/jhu99/scbean under MIT license.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A practicable estimation of opening angle of dust torus in Type-1.9 AGN with double-peaked broad Hα
Authors: Zhang Xue-Guang
Published: January 2023

In this manuscript, an independent method is proposed to estimate opening angle of dust torus in AGN, through unique properties of Type-1.9 AGN with double-peaked broad Hα (Type-1.9 DPAGN) coming from central accretion disc. Type-1.9 AGN without broad Hβ can be expected by the commonly accepted unified model of AGN, considering central BLRs seriously obscured by dust torus with its upper boundary in the line of sight. For the unique Type-1.9 DPAGN, accretion disc originations of double-peaked broad Hα can be applied to determine the inclination angle of the central accretion disc, which is well accepted as substitute of the half opening angle of the central dust torus. Then, among low redshift Type-1.9 DPAGN in SDSS, SDSS J1607+3319 at redshift 0.063 is collected, and the half opening angle of the central dust torus is determined to be around 46 ± 4°, after considering the disfavoured BBH system to explain the double-peaked broad Hα through long-term none variabilities and disfavoured local physical conditions to explain the disappearance of broad Hβ through virial BH mass properties. The results indicate that more detailed studying on dust torus of AGN can be appropriately done through Type-1.9 DPAGN in the near future.
The Gaia view of the Cepheus OB2 association
Authors: Szilágyi Máté , Kun Mária , Ábrahám Péter , Marton Gábor
Published: January 2023

OB associations, birthplaces of the most luminous stars, are key objects for understanding the formation of high-mass stars and their effects on their environments. The aim of this work is to explore the structure and kinematics of the Cepheus OB2 association and characterize the history of star formation in the region – in particular, the role of the Cepheus Bubble, surrounding Cepheus OB2. Based on Gaia DR3 data, we study the spatial and age distribution and kinematics of young stars in the region. We select candidate pre-main-sequence stars in the MG versus GBP−GRP colour–magnitude diagram, and using a clustering algorithm, we identify 13 stellar groups belonging to Cep OB2. Four groups, consisting of 10–13 Myr old low- and intermediate-mass stars, are located in the interior of the bubble and are part of the oldest subsystem of the association Cep OB2a. Younger groups are found on the periphery. The tangential velocities suggest that some groups on the periphery were born in an expanding system of star-forming clouds, whereas others have been formed due to the collision of their parent cloud with the expanding bubble.
ExoMol line lists – L: high-resolution line lists of H3+, H2D+, D2H+, and D3+
Authors: Bowesman Charles A , Mizus Irina I , Zobov Nikolay F , Polyansky Oleg L , Sarka János , Poirier Bill , Pezzella Marco , Yurchenko Sergei N , Tennyson Jonathan
Published: January 2023

New MiZo line lists are presented for the D2H+ and D$_3^+$ isotopologues of H$_3^+$. These line lists plus the existing H$_3^+$ MiZATeP and the ST H2D+ line lists are updated using empirical energy levels generated using the marvel procedure for H$_3^+$, H2D+, and D2H+, and effective Hamiltonian energies for D$_3^+$ for which there is significantly less laboratory data available. These updates allow accurate frequencies for far infrared lines for these species to be predicted. Assignments of the energy levels of H$_3^+$ and D$_3^+$ are extended using a combination of high accuracy variational calculations and analysis of transition intensities. All line lists are made av ailable via www.exomol.com.
Respiratory Exposure to Thirdhand Cigarette Smoke Increases Concentrations of Urinary Metabolites of Nicotine
Authors: Pratt Kelly , Hilty Andrew , Jacob Peyton , Schick Suzaynn F
Published: January 2023

Introduction

The aims of this study were to characterize particle size in a thirdhand smoke (THS) aerosol and measure the effects of controlled inhalational exposure to THS on biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure, inflammation, and oxidative stress in human subjects. Secondhand cigarette smoke changes physically and chemically after release into the environment. Some of the resulting chemicals persist indoors as thirdhand cigarette smoke. THS that is sorbed to surfaces can emit particles back into the air.

Aims and Methods

Smoke particle size was measured with a scanning mobility particle sizer and condensation particle counter. Using a crossover study design, 18 healthy nonsmokers received a 3-hour inhalational exposure to THS and to filtered, conditioned air. THS was generated with a smoking machine and aged overnight in a chamber. The chamber was flushed with clean air to create the THS aerosol. The tobacco smoke metabolites cotinine, 3-hydroxycotinine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) were measured in urine. Vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 in plasma, and 8-isoprostane in urine, were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.

Results

Mean smoke particle size increased with aging (171 to 265 nm). We found significant increases in urinary cotinine and 3-hydroxycotinine after 3 hours of exposure to THS and no significant increases in NNAL, interleukin-6, vascular endothelial growth factor or 8-isoprostane.

Conclusions

Acute inhalational exposure to 22-hour old tobacco smoke aerosol caused increases in the metabolites of nicotine but not the metabolites of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine NNK (4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone). This corroborates the utility of cotinine and NNAL for secondhand and THS exposure screening.

Implications

This study shows that a 3-hour inhalational exposure to the tobacco smoke aerosol that forms in a room that has been smoked in and left unventilated overnight causes increases in urinary metabolites of nicotine, but not of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine NNK. This suggests that cleaning personnel and others who live and work in rooms polluted with aged or thirdhand cigarette smoke regularly may have inhalational exposures and potential health effects related to their exposure to nicotine and other smoke toxicants.
Product Market Competition, Labor Mobility, and the Cross-Section of Stock Returns
Authors: Ahmed Shamim , Bu Ziwen , Ye Xiaoxia
Published: January 2023

This paper explores the impact of product market competition on the positive relation between labor mobility (LM) and future returns. We develop a production-based model and formalize the intuition that low exposure to systematic risk in a concentrated industry limits LM’s amplifying effect on operating leverage. Therefore, the model predicts a stronger positive relation between LM and expected returns for firms in competitive industries. Consistent with the model’s prediction, we empirically find that LM predicts returns only among firms in competitive industries. This evidence suggests that the intensity of competition in firms’ product market potentially drives the positive LM-return relation. (JEL G12, G14, J69)

Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Long-Term Cover Cropping Suppresses Foliar and Fruit Disease in Processing Tomatoes
Authors: Trueman Cheryl L. , Awrey Jessica C. , Delaporte Aaron , Kerr Jamie , Weersink Alfons , Van Eerd Laura L.
Published: January 2023

While links between soil and plant health are implied, there are few opportunities to empirically evaluate this due to inherent differences among sites. An exception is a long-term experiment established in 2007 (repeated in 2008) in Ridgetown, ON, where improved soil health scores and changes in soil microbial communities were observed in the medium-term with annual cover crops (CC). This led us to hypothesize that CC-induced changes in soil health might affect bacterial spot (Xanthomonas hordorum pv. gardneri) and anthracnose (Colletotrichum coccodes) development in processing tomato. Five CC treatments (no CC control, winter cereal rye, oat, radish, and mix of radish + rye) planted after winter wheat harvest were evaluated in 2019 and 2020 (CC grown nine times over 12 years). Fruit yields and net revenue were similar or greater with CC than without. In 2019, there was greater defoliation (area under the disease progress stairs = 4,370 ± 204), percent red fruit (71.0% ± 5.38), and rots (1.91% ± 0.5) in no CC than with radish (3,410, 39.1%, and 0.62%, respectively, P ≤ 0.0366), indicating earlier fruit maturity in no CC plots. Similarly, no CC had a greater incidence of red fruits with anthracnose (25.8% ± 2.89) compared with all CCs but rye (7.4 to 12.1% ± 2.89; P = 0.0029). Environmental conditions in 2020 were less favourable for disease development. Defoliation was not affected by CC treatment (P = 0.1254), and anthracnose incidence was low (≥90.3 ± 1.22% healthy fruit), which may have limited the ability to detect treatment effects (P = 0.2922). Long-term cover crops have the potential to produce greater or equivalent tomato yield with decreased defoliation and anthracnose fruit rot.
miR‐872‐5p/FOXO3a/Wnt signaling feed‐forward loop promotes proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells after spinal cord ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Zhang Shaoqiong , Cui Kaile , Cao Linyan , Fan Yiting , Fang Bo
Published: January 2023

The activation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) is considered an important mechanism of neural repair after mechanical spinal cord injury; however, whether endogenous NSC proliferation can also occur after spinal cord ischemia–reperfusion injury (SCIRI) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to verify the existence of endogenous NSC proliferation after SCIRI and explore the underlying molecular mechanism. NSC proliferation was observed after SCIRI in vivo and oxygen–glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) in vitro, accompanied by a decrease in forkhead box protein O 3a (FOXO3a) expression. This downward trend was regulated by the increased expression of microRNA‐872‐5p (miR‐872‐5p). miR‐872‐5p affected NSC proliferation by targeting FOXO3a to increase the expression of β‐catenin and T‐cell factor 4 (TCF4). In addition, TCF4 in turn acted as a transcription factor to increase the expression level of miR‐872‐5p, and knockdown of FOXO3a enhanced the binding of TCF4 to the miR‐872‐5p promoter. In conclusion, SCIRI in vivo and OGD/R in vitro stimulated the miR‐872‐5p/FOXO3a/β‐catenin‐TCF4 pathway, thereby promoting NSC proliferation. At the same time, FOXO3a affected TCF4 transcription factor activity and miR‐872‐5p expression, forming a positive feedback loop that promotes NSC proliferation.
Compression Screw Fixation for Pediatric Olecranon Fractures
Authors: Mun Frederick , Suresh Krishna V. , Hayashi Brooke , Margalit Adam , Sponseller Paul D. , Lee R. Jay
Published: January 2023

Background:

Pediatric olecranon fractures can be treated with several methods of fixation. Though postoperative outcomes of various fixation techniques, including cannulated intramedullary screws, have been described in adults, functional and radiographic outcomes of screw fixation in pediatric patients are unclear. In this study, we assessed clinical, radiographic, functional, and patient-reported outcomes of pediatric olecranon fractures treated with compression screw fixation.

Methods:

We retrospectively identified 37 patients aged 16 years or younger with a total of 40 olecranon fractures treated with screw fixation at our level-1 trauma center between April 2005 and April 2022. From medical records, we extracted data on demographic characteristics, time to radiographic union, range of elbow motion at final follow-up, and complications during the follow-up period. Patient-reported outcomes were evaluated using the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Pediatric Upper Extremity Short Form 8a measures.

Results:

There were no malunions or nonunions at the final mean follow-up of 140 days (range, 26 to 614 d). Four patients had implant failure (11%), of whom 3 experienced fracture union with no loss of fixation or need for revision surgery. One patient underwent a revision for fracture malreduction. Screw prominence was documented in 1 patient. Instrumentation was removed at our institution for 33 of 40 fractures. Mean time to radiographic union was 53 days (range, 20 to 168 d). Postoperative range of motion at the most recent follow-up visit showed a mean extension deficit of 6 degrees (range, 0–30 degrees) and mean flexion of 134 degrees (range, 60–150 degrees). At the final follow-up, the mean (±SD) Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score was 4.2±8.0, and the mean Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System score was 37±1.5, indicating good function and patient satisfaction.

Conclusions:

All 37 patients in our series had excellent radiographic, functional, and patient-reported outcomes after screw fixation. We observed no cases of nonunion or malunion, growth disturbance, or refracture. These results suggest that screw fixation is a safe and effective option for pediatric olecranon fractures.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Complication Rates in Patients With Classic and Radiographic Variants of Seymour Fractures
Authors: Dibbs Rami P. , Mitchell Thomas W. , Baumgartner Rita E. , Koshy John C. , Bell Bryce R.
Published: January 2023

Background:

At a tertiary-care, level 1 pediatric trauma center, we have observed fractures of the distal phalanx involving the physis, with associated nail bed injuries, that are distinct from the classic description of the Seymour fracture. We investigated the time to definitive management and the associated morbidity of these Seymour fracture variants compared with classically described Seymour fractures. We hypothesize that these Seymour variants are similarly problematic in terms of complications and delays to the definitive treatment and thus warrant increased awareness.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was performed of all patients with distal phalanx fractures involving the physis and associated nail bed injuries that were treated with operative intervention at a single pediatric specialty institution over a 9-year period. Radiographs and clinical photographs were reviewed to determine if the patient presented with a classic Seymour fracture or variant. Primary outcomes included time from injury to definitive treatment and complication rate.

Results:

Of the 66 Seymour fractures identified in the chart review, 36 (55%) were identified as classic Seymour fractures and 30 (45%) were identified as variants. The mean time to operative intervention in the classic and variant groups was 7.3 versus 12.7 days (P=0.216). The complication rates in the classic and variant groups were 11.1% versus 23.3% (P=0.185), with infections accounting for nearly all complications identified. Overall infection rates for the classic and variant cohorts were 8.3% and 20.0% (P=0.169), respectively, with the majority presenting preoperatively (5.6% vs. 13.3%, P=0.274).

Conclusions:

We found that patients with classic Seymour fractures or radiographic variants had statistically similar incidence rates, complication rates, and delays in treatment, with a trend towards higher complication rates and delayed time to treatment in patients with variant-type injuries. We propose a minor expansion of the definition of Seymour fractures to include common variants to increase awareness of these problematic injuries, minimize delays in treatment, and decrease complications.

Level of Evidence:

Level III; Retrospective Comparative Study.