bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A realist review of the causes of, and current interventions to address ‘missingness’ in health care.
Authors: Lindsay Calum , Baruffati David , Mackenzie Mhairi , Ellis David A. , Major Michelle , O'Donnell Kate , Simpson Sharon , Williamson Andrea , Duddy Claire , Wong Geoff
Published: August 2024

Background This protocol describes a realist review exploring the problem of “missingness” in healthcare, defined as the repeated tendency not to take up offers of care that has a negative impact on the person and their life chances. More specifically, the review looks at the phenomenon of patients missing multiple appointments in primary care in the UK – at the causal factors that influence how patients come to be “missing” in this way, and what interventions might support uptake and “presence” in healthcare. Background research informing this project suggests that a high rate of missed appointments predicted high premature death rates, and patients were more likely to have multiple long-term health conditions and experience significant socioeconomic disadvantage. Most research in this field focuses on population- or service-level characteristics of patients who miss appointments, often making no distinction between causes of single missed appointments and of multiple missed appointments. There have therefore been no interventions for ‘missingness’, accounting for the complex life circumstances or common mechanisms that cause people to repeatedly miss appointments. Methods We use a realist review approach to explore what causes missingness - and what might prevent or address it - for whom, and in what circumstances. The review uses an iterative approach of database searching, citation-tracking and sourcing grey literature, with selected articles providing insight into the causal dynamics underpinning missed appointments and the interventions designed to address them. Discussion The findings of this review will be combined with the findings of a qualitative empirical study and the contributions of a Stakeholder Advisory Group (STAG) to inform the development of a programme theory that seeks to explain how missingness occurs, whom it affects and under what circumstances. This will be used to develop a complex intervention to address multiple missed appointments in primary care. PROSPERO registration CRD42022346006
A national evaluation of Project Cautioning And Relationship Abuse (‘CARA’) awareness raising workshops for first time offenders of domestic violence and abuse: protocol for a concurrent mixed-methods evaluation design
Authors: Morgan Sara A , Scott Steph , Chandan Joht , Armitage Rachel , Culliford David , Jolly Kate , McGovern Ruth , McGovern William , Roy Jessica , Thayakaran Rasiah , Young Tracey A , Parkes Julie
Published: August 2024

Introduction Interventions related to the perpetration of Domestic Violence and Abuse (DVA) have gained traction over the past several years, in response to dissatisfaction by victims, an inadequate response from the criminal justice system, increased demand on police time and a lack of rehabilitative responses to the perpetration of domestic abuse. The CARA model is a conditional diversionary caution, offered by police for first time offenders of ‘standard’ or ‘medium risk’ domestic abuse, that engages perpetrators in awareness raising workshops and signposts them onto further services. Although quasi-experimental studies have indicated that CARA showed promise at reducing reoffending, the CARA model has yet to be evaluated nationally and there is no qualitative evidence related to understanding or learning about the lived experience of perpetrators and victims as they engage with the intervention. Methods Using a concurrent pragmatic mixed methods design model we will undertake a national evaluation of CARA by triangulating quantitative data from up to nine police forces, and routine data from service providers, with qualitative data from workshop participants, victims and professional stakeholders to: (1) understand the long-term impact of CARA implementation on DVA reoffending and engagement with services and (2) explore perceptions and experiences of both delivery and receipt of CARA. We will use qualitative methodologies that draw on interpretivist and phenomenological perspectives, as well as quantitative methodologies using interrupted time series models, Poisson regression models, Geo mapping and a cost benefits analysis. Ethics and dissemination Where currently the CARA model is being introduced as a national option for standard risk first-time offending, we will engage with policymakers and academics nationally in the live debate on its effectiveness and suitability during its roll-out. Ethical approval was approved by the University of Southampton on the 1st June 2022 (Ref: ERGO ID: 71818.A1).
Analisis Keperluan Aplikasi Tatabahasa Arab Asas Berasaskan Regulasi Kendiri Dalam Kalangan Pelajar Diploma UnIPSAS
Authors: Ali Muhamad Fairuz , Ishak Amilrudin
Published: August 2024

In the current era of globalization, the use of e-learning applications has become one of the preferred alternatives for students to understand languages. This learning approach involves the utilization of technology and electronic platforms in the teaching and learning process of languages. Arabic language is not exempt from this technological development. The influence of the 21st-century learning era and the fourth industrial revolution has transformed the overall learning process, including in the field of education. Arabic language learning has also undergone a transformation from classroom-based learning; now students also have the possibility to learn it independently through smartphones. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the needs and characteristics of basic Arabic grammar applications based on self-regulation among diploma students at UnIPSAS. This study employs a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews involving respondents among Arabic language teachers at the higher education level. The interview results are then recorded and transcribed for thematic analysis purposes. The findings of this study further indicate respondents' agreement to establish basic Arabic grammar applications among UnIPSAS students. The study also proposes suggestions for features that should be included in this smartphone application.
ABSTRAK
Dalam era globalisasi masa kini, penggunaan aplikasi e-pembelajaran telah menjadi salah satu alternatif yang diminati oleh pelajar untuk memahami bahasa. Pendekatan pembelajaran ini melibatkan pemanfaatan teknologi dan platform elektronik dalam proses mengajar serta pembelajaran bahasa. Bahasa Arab pun tidak terkecuali daripada perkembangan teknologi ini. Pengaruh dari zaman pembelajaran abad ke-21 dan revolusi industri 4.0 telah mengubah cara pembelajaran secara keseluruhan, termasuk dalam bidang pendidikan. Pembelajaran bahasa Arab pun telah mengalami transformasi dari pembelajaran di dalam kelas, kini pelajar juga memiliki kemungkinan untuk mempelajarinya secara mandiri melalui peranti telefon pintar. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis keperluan dan ciri-ciri aplikasi tatabahasa Arab asas berasaskan regulasi kendiri dalam kalangan pelajar diploma UnIPSAS. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan temu bual separa berstruktur melibatkan responden dalam kalangan pengajar bahasa Arab di peringkat pengajian tinggi. Hasil temu bual kemudian direkodkan dan dijadikan transkripsi untuk tujuan analisis tematik. Dapatan kajian ini seterusnya menunjukkan persetujuan responden memberikan persetujuan untuk diwujudkan aplikasi tatabahasa Arab asas dalam kalangan pelajar UnIPSAS. Kajian ini turut mengusulkan cadangan ciri-ciri yang perlu ada dalam aplikasi telefon pintar ini..
Exploring Academic Mobility Experiences of Russian University Faculty Members
Authors: Klimkina Elena , Dorner Helga
Published: August 2024

The paper outlines findings of an exploratory research that investigates international academic mobility experiences of faculty members in Russian universities as part of higher education institutions’ internationalization efforts. The study aims to get an in-depth understanding of academic staff’s motivation, personal expectations and the perceived outcomes of the mobility experience, as well as its influence on teaching and research activities after the mobility period. The study refers to the university context as an ecosystem and discovers the relations between the system levels as a meaningful part of the faculty mobility experience. Ten faculty members employed in different Russian universities were interviewed about their experience of academic mobility abroad. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. The study allowed to identify and examine 3 dimensions of academic mobility in the Russian context from the perspective of university faculty: (1) personal motivation and benefits of the participating faculty members on the microlevel of the university ecosystem; (2) institutional support and barriers that occur during the preparation and mobility process that reflect the interactions between the micro- and meso-levels of the ecosystem; (3) effects of completed academic mobility on further professional performance of the faculty members, both research and teaching.
Impact of a Professional Learning Community on the Professional Development of Teacher Educators in Myanmar
Authors: MOET Moet Myint Lay , Kálmán Anikó
Published: August 2024

Professional learning communities provide ongoing professional development for teachers, where they become learning leaders and actively participate in school improvement. Continuing professional development (CPD) is vital in improving educational outcomes, as its importance has been proven over the years. This article explores the need for professional development of teacher educators in Myanmar and the utility of professional learning communities in improving teacher quality. This study aims to explore a comprehensive understanding of professional learning communities to support the professional development of teacher educators in improving the quality of education. The research questions are: (1)   What are teacher educators' perceptions of PLCs' influence on their professional development? (2)   Are there any variations in the teacher educator's professional development in professional learning communities regarding their factors? (3) Is there any significant relationship between professional learning communities and the professional development of teacher educators? Quantitative research methods were used in this study. Survey data were collected from 70 participants (teacher trainers) from seven Education Colleges. The analysis shows that when done well, professional learning communities can impact teacher quality. Some research suggests that teacher professional development is closely related to teacher professional skills and school improvement. The collective learning process helps teachers understand the subject better and broadens their knowledge base. This will help improve student performance and school quality in the future.  Teachers' professional development in PLCs were similar based on their position and teaching service as teacher educators. However, teachers were significantly different regarding their age and educational qualifications. In this study, teachers had a high level of collective efficacy. There were significant differences among teachers based on their teaching age, position and educational qualification. Lack of time, teacher accountability, leadership skills, and the negative attitudes of participating teachers were the most frequently cited challenges in implementing PLCs. As a result, educators and stakeholders can use these findings to implement professional learning communities.
Radiological Survey of Schools and Kindergardens in Snezhinsk
Authors: Kiselev S.M. ,   A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia, Zozul Yu.N. , Shlygin V.V. , Marenny A.M. , Malakhova A.N. , Akhromeev S.V. , Faizrakhmanov F.F. ,   A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia,   A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia,   Scientific and Technical Center for Radiation and Chemical Safety and Hygiene, Moscow, Russia,   A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia,   A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia,   Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology No. 15 FMBA of Russia, Snezhinsk, Russia
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Radiological survey in schools and kindergardens of Snezhinsk, Chelyabinsk region. Material and methods: Total 209 public premises on the ground floor and basements were examined. Ambient dose equivalent power measurements were performed by DKG-02U ARBITER. SSNTDs were used to measure annual indoor radon concentrations during the warm and cold seasons. Results: Indoor gamma dose rate varies within the range 0.10–0.21 μSv/h. Annual equilibrium equivalent concentration of radon (EECRn) varies over a wide range up to 590 Bq/m3, exceeding 100 Bq/m3 in 10 % of surveyed premises. Average annual values of equivalent equilibrium concentration are about 30 Bq/m3 and characterize the radon situation as generally acceptable. The difference in the values of the EECRn in brick buildings and buildings made of reinforced concrete panels has been revealed. The average annual EECRn values reach 590 Bq/m3 in brick buildings, and 360 Bq/m3 in buildings made of reinforced concrete panels, with average values of 32 and 18 Bq/m3, respectively. Sealing brick and reinforced concrete buildings by installing plastic double-glazed windows enhances these differences. Conclusions: The survey revealed a critical group of buildings with enhanced indoor radon. Old brick buildings (1950‒1970) with unventilated basements and installed plastic double-glazed windows are characterized by the highest indoor radon concentration in public premises. These type of buildings require in-depth radon research and planning of radon protection measures if necessary.
Medios alternativos para el aislamiento de Azotobacter nativos de Calana – Tacna
Authors: Suricallo menendez Kely paola , Mendoza-Atahuachi Marco Abad , Valderrama-Maquera Nathalie Fabiana , Yucra-Ayma Nayely Alejandra , Arocutipa-Phatti Gina Milagros Arocutipa-Phatti , Velásquez Gómez Andrea Alejandra
Published: August 2024

La investigación sobre medios alternativos para el aislamiento de Azotobacter es importante para la obtención de biofertilizantes. El objetivo fue determinar si lo medios de cultivo naturales que tienen como fuente de azúcar sacarosa, miel de abeja o chancaca constituyen medios alternativos al medio de cultivo Agar Ashby-2 Manitol para el aislamiento de Azotobacter nativos de Calana - Tacna. Se sembró muestras de suelo de rizósfera de los cultivos de papa, lechuga y haba del distrito de Calana, Tacna, en los medios de cultivo Agar Asby-2 Manitol (tratamiento control), Agar Ashby-2 Sacarosa, Agar Ashby-2 Miel de abeja, Agar Ashby-2  Chancaca (tratamientos experimentales), incubados a 27 °C durante 72 horas. El aislamiento de Azotobacter se determinó cualitativamente por sus características macroscópicas y microscópicas de las colonias que desarrollaron en los medios de cultivo y que coincidieron con las descritas para Azotobacter en la referencias bibliográficas. En los cuatro medios de cultivo evaluados desarrollaron colonias de Azotobacter, siendo los medios de cultivo más recomendables para su aislamiento y obtención como biofertilizante los medios alternativos Agar Ashby-2 sacarosa y el de Miel de abeja.
Effectiveness of endodontic solvents: An integrative literature review
Authors: Soares Victor de Melo , Lima Bruna Machado da Cunha , Silva Leopoldo Cosme , Oliveira Daniel Pinto de
Published: August 2024

Endodontic retreatment requires the removal of the filling material to ensure that the root canal is cleaned, allowing periapical health to be restored. Endodontic solvents are commonly used for this purpose. Given the diversity of solvents available on the market with different properties and forms of use, this study aimed to compare, according to their effectiveness, some of the most commonly used endodontic solvents: chloroform, halothane, rectified turpentine, orange oil, eucalyptol, d-limonene, xylene and tetrachlorethylene. A search was carried out in the PubMED/Medline, SciELO, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases using the terms "endodontic solvents" and "effectiveness". The studies were selected by title and abstract, with no language and/or publication date filtering. The results regarding the effectiveness of solvents vary greatly in the literature, as the studies are subject to different methods and ways of evaluating the performance of different compounds, such as ambient and compound temperature, form of application, time of action, storage time of the specimens, among others. The use of essential oils such as eucalyptol and orange oil has been growing, as these solvents have good effectiveness and are cited in the literature as safer alternatives to more toxic solvents such as chloroform and xylene. There are several types of solvent and the choice of the best one depends on the case to be treated, considering the harmony between the component's dissolving capacity and the safety of the tissues, the patient and the operator when using the solvent.
Economia de energia elétrica com o uso de Nudges: Uma revisão de escopo sob a ótica da Captologia e Economia Comportamental
Authors: Gomes Victor Fellipe dos Santos , Cunha José Adson Oliveira Guedes da , Brito Alisson Vasconcelos de
Published: August 2024

A gestão eficiente da eletricidade representa um desafio crescente para os setores público e privado. A compreensão dos mecanismos disponíveis pode reduzir significativamente o consumo desnecessário. A teoria dos nudges, com base na economia comportamental, visa a moldar positivamente o comportamento individual por meio da arquitetura de informações, enquanto a Captologia explora como a tecnologia pode orientar os usuários em relação aos comportamentos desejados e a sinergia entre essas ciências pode gerar soluções. Para tal, este estudo investiga intervenções baseadas em nudge para reduzir o consumo de eletricidade usando o mapeamento sistemático de Kitchenham, Budgen e Brereton (2015). O Google Scholar foi consultado de abril a julho de 2023 com ("nudges" OR "green nudges" AND "electricity"). Dos 365 artigos identificados, 17 foram selecionados após a análise. A maioria foi publicada em 2022, com o Science Direct contribuindo com o maior número. Os estudos revisados abrangem diversos setores - comercial, residencial, hoteleiro, escolar, administrativo e acadêmico - em grande parte no setor privado. As intervenções que utilizam feedback, incentivos e normas sociais mostram-se eficazes para reduzir o uso de eletricidade. Tecnologias como Smart Plugs, Smart Meters, Submedidores e Sistemas baseados na web têm destaque. Conclui-se que, embora alguns estudos explorem as tecnologias emergentes, ainda há uma lacuna na análise minuciosa do potencial dessas tecnologias para impulsionar de forma robusta as estratégias de nudge para mudanças comportamentais no consumo de eletricidade.
Eficacia de la terapia periodontal mínimamente invasiva en defectos intraóseos periodontales
Authors: Torres Romero Steven Daniel , Ycaza Reynoso Carlos Xavier
Published: August 2024

Introducción: El término MIST fue introducido por primera vez en los procedimientos quirúrgicos periodontales en 1995. La cirugía mínimamente invasiva tiene como objetivo reducir el trauma operatorio para el paciente en comparación con los tratamientos periodontales comúnmente más usados y más invasivos. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es describir los beneficios de tratar defectos periodontales mediante una cirugía periodontal mínimamente invasiva. Materiales y métodos: Este trabajo de investigación estará basado en 39 artículos científicos, es una revisión bibliográfica, comprendidos desde el año 1999 hasta el año 2024, artículos que contengan información científica y actualizada relacionada a la eficacia de la terapia periodontal mínimamente invasiva para tratar defectos intraóseos periodontales. Resultados: MIST, o cirugía periodontal mínimamente invasiva, está indicada para tratar dientes con bolsas profundas asociadas con defectos intraóseos. Los resultados clínicos de esta técnica son comparables a los de los enfoques quirúrgicos tradicionales que implican colgajos más grandes, con beneficios adicionales como la reducción del dolor posoperatorio, una mejor tasa de curación, el mantenimiento de la altura de los tejidos blandos y una mayor tolerancia por parte del paciente. Conclusión: MIST es una opción efectiva para el tratamiento periodontal en los casos indicados. Esta técnica puede lograr los mismos o incluso mejores resultados que las técnicas convencionales, con beneficios adicionales como una mayor estabilidad de la herida, un buen cierre primario y mínimas molestias para el paciente durante y después del tratamiento.
Padrões laboratoriais relacionados à letalidade da dengue: Uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Ferreira Dalia , Guedes Fernanda , Monteiro Gabriel de Oliveira , Santos Isabella Sales dos , Almeida Jordana Fernandes , Martins Thaís Pereira
Published: August 2024

Introdução: A dengue, principal arbovirose no mundo, apesar de se manifestar como uma virose leve na maioria dos pacientes, tem sido motivo de preocupação devido ao aumento nos casos de morte. A análise de exames laboratoriais se faz como uma das principais ferramentas para prever a má evolução do paciente, visto que alguns padrões hematológicos se mostram alterados desde o início. Objetivo: Por isso, teve-se como objetivo analisar quais são essas alterações laboratoriais em pacientes letais por dengue. Metodologia: Buscou-se pelos descritores “dengue”, “blood tests”, “mortality”, “severe dengue” nas bases de dados LILACS, PubMED e SciELO, com o uso do termo booleano AND. Foram encontrados, no total, 1338 estudos, dentre os quais foram selecionados 13 como amostra, após seleção com base em critérios de inclusão e de exclusão previamente definidos pelos autores. As principais alterações relacionadas à mortalidade da dengue foram elevação de enzimas hepáticas, de bilirrubina, de creatinina, de uréia e de leucócitos, além de anemia com aumento de hematócrito e queda brusca no número de plaquetas. Considerações finais: Os valores laboratoriais devem ser analisados em conjunto, sendo utilizados como ferramenta para prever a gravidade da dengue, evitando o desenrolar para um mau prognóstico e para a fatalidade.
Bullying: Desafio para a efetivação de uma educação integral nos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia
Authors: Andrade Geórgia Priscila Santiago Bastos , Almeida Rosiney Rocha
Published: August 2024

Os Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia ofertam o ensino médio integrado que se caracteriza por ser uma educação comprometida em formar sujeitos para o mundo do trabalho e para a vida em sociedade. Porém, o bullying, violência que ocorre em diversas instituições escolares, pode ser um desafio, mesmo numa educação com perspectiva de formação omnilateral. Diante disso, este estudo objetivou investigar como as instituições escolares podem contribuir para o enfrentamento do fenômeno bullying, com o intuito de alcançar um ambiente cada vez mais propício e saudável para o amplo desenvolvimento do estudante. O percurso metodológico deste estudo foi qualitativo, tendo como métodos de investigação a revisão bibliográfica e o estudo de caso. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da aplicação de questionários e da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, e os dados foram analisados através da teoria de análise de conteúdo. Por meio desta pesquisa, foi possível depreender que os estudantes têm a expectativa de que os profissionais da educação podem contribuir com o combate ao bullying escolar através de ações efetivas nesse propósito. Assim, é necessário que cada instituição escolar implemente ações de prevenção e intervenção para o enfrentamento desse fenômeno, buscando as formas mais adequadas, de acordo com a realidade local.
The APPLICATION OF GDSS USING AHP AND BORDA METHODS IN HYDROPONIC PLANT QUALITY DETERMINATION
Authors: Husain Nurul Ilmy , Mansyur St. Hajrah , Alwi Erick Irawadi
Published: August 2024

Hydroponic cultivation in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, experienced serious failure. This failure occurred during the seeding process, caused by the use of poor quality seeds and a lack of consistent attention and control over the environmental conditions of plant growth. The aim of this research is to apply the AHP and Borda methods in a group decision support system to contribute to determining the best plant quality for hydroponic cultivation. In evaluating plant quality, assessment criteria are used which include leaf growth, stem strength, stem quality, planting media, and use of vitamins. There are also 6 alternative plants being evaluated, namely lettuce, bok choy, kale, kale, spinach and celery leaves. The AHP method is used to outline the hierarchical evaluation of hydroponic plant quality, facilitating priority-based decision making through determining relative weights between criteria. Meanwhile, the Borda method is used to integrate the ratings of the three decision makers, producing reference values for each alternative and helping determine the overall quality of hydroponic plants. The calculation results show that the selected alternative, namely spinach, was ranked first with a value of 10.23, while the alternative lettuce plant was ranked sixth or last with a value of 3.69 as the best quality plant. With these findings, spinach plants are considered an effective solution for hydroponic cultivation in Gowa Regency and can be applied more widely in the context of modern agriculture. So that it can increase the yield and sustainability of hydroponic cultivation in Gowa Regency
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CANNY, SOBEL, PREWITT AND ROBERTS EDGE DETECTION OPERATORS ON EYE IRIS IMAGES
Authors: Radillah Teuku , Veza Okta , Sumijan Sumijan
Published: August 2024

The iris is a part of the human anatomy that can be used as a biometric identifier. Data obtained from the iris can be converted into information through iris image processing, and in order to obtain accurate iris pixel results, an edge detection operator is required that can provide detailed and good image quality effects. In this research, a comparative analysis of the Canny, Sobel, Prewitt and Roberts edge detection operators was carried out on iris images. The purpose of performing a comparative analysis of edge detection methods is to compare the detection results of each edge detection operator on iris recognition detected by each operator. The results of the comparison of edge detection methods using precision tables can be analyzed to show that the Canny edge detection operator provides better, smoother and sharper edge results in actual edge point detection, namely 0.357867, while Sobel =, 0.210212, Prewitt = 0.212452 and Roberts = 0.279196. From these results it can be concluded that the edge detection results provided by Sobel and Prewitt are less sharp and sensitive to noise, and the comparison results can vary depending on the intensity of the image and the image object being compared.
Habitat preferences of Phycis blennoides (Pisces: Gadiformes): environmental factors and fishing-related ontogenic deepening
Authors: Arronte JC , Serrano A , González-Irusta JM
Published: August 2024

Phycis blennoides is a component of the ecosystem of the Atlantic waters of northern Spain and a species of commercial interest for fisheries in this region. However, little is known about the distribution of this species. The present study analyses the relationships between different environmental and spatial variables and distribution of P. blennoides. Biological (presence-absence, abundance, biomass and total length) and environmental data were collected from a bottom trawl survey carried out off the northern coast of Spain. These data were used in 2-step generalised additive models to examine both the relative significance of physical factors in influencing P. blennoides distribution and to generate density distribution maps. Additionally, the role of fishing effort on P. blennoides body size distribution with depth was analysed. Geospatial analyses showed that changes in annual abundance did not influence physical habitat preference. Most of the variation in spatial distribution was explained by the sampling position and depth. The analyses showed that P. blennoides exhibited habitat preferences in the waters of Galicia and the Cantabrian Sea, with higher values of presence, abundance and biomass on the upper slope and on fine-grained sediment bottoms. P. blennoides biomass increased with depth, probably due to the increased mean size of individuals with depth. Modelling results suggest that the observed ontogenetic deepening appears to be mainly driven by the life history strategy of the species, but is also reinforced by fishing effort.
Kepimpinan Distributif Pengetua dan Efikasi Kendiri Guru di Sekolah Menengah Daerah Saratok, Sarawak
Authors: Yusuf Muhamad Najib , Mohd Noor Mohamed Yusof
Published: August 2024

Seorang pemimpin atau ketua mempunyai peranan penting dalam mewujudkan dasar dan matlamat ke arah kemajuan sekolah. Tujuan kajian ini ialah bagi mengetahui kepimpinan distributif pengetua. Selain itu, efikasi kendiri guru perlu diperoleh bagi menentukan hubungan antara kedua-dua pembolehubah. Daerah Saratok Sarawak merupakan tempat kajian. Kajian ini dilaksanakan secara kuantitatif melalui soal selidik ke atas 186 responden dan dianalisis menggunakan SPSS. Dapatan membuktikan bahawa hubungan yang positif signifikan tetapi sederhana telah diperoleh. Bagi tahap kepimpian distributif pengetua dan tahap efikasi kendiri guru pula kedua-duanya menunjukkan nilai yang tinggi. Secara impaknya, kepimpinan distributif perlu dipraktikkan secara menyeluruh di peringkat sekolah agar dapat memberi kesan kepada efikasi kendiri guru di sekolah. Kesimpulannya, pengetua sebagai pemimpin perlu mengamalkan kepimpinan yang berkesan untuk menguruskan sekolah demi mencapai matlamat pendidikan.
Risk Factors of Pregnant Women with Anemia for LBW Incidence in Maospati, Indonesia
Authors: Pudjianti Sri Wahyuni , Santosa Budi Joko , Surtinah Nani , Sunarto Sunarto
Published: August 2024

Background: The prevalence of low birth weight (LBW), according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is estimated to be 15%–20% of all births worldwide. Babies with LBW face a challenging and risky life trajectory, often experiencing growth and development disorders. Pregnant women with a history of anemia are considered a risk factor for LBW cases. This study aims to determine the risk factors for anemia in pregnant women and the incidence of LBW in the Maospati Community Health Center area. Methods: This observational analytic study employed a case-control design. The case population consisted of LBW infants, while the control population included non-LBW infants. The case sample comprised 25 LBW infants, and the control sample included 50 infants who were not LBW. The independent variable was the history of anemia in pregnant women, and the dependent variable was the incidence of LBW. Data were collected from medical records and labor recapitulation records from February 2023 to February 2024, using an observation sheet as the research instrument. Data analysis involved calculating the proportion of cases to exposure and determining the odds ratio. Results: The study found a significant association between a history of anemia in pregnant women and the incidence of LBW in their babies, with a p-value of 0.003. Pregnant women with anemia had a 4.571 times greater risk of giving birth to an LBW baby compared to those without anemia. Conclusions: The findings indicate that a history of anemia in pregnant women is a significant risk factor for LBW in newborns. Monitoring pregnancy and hemoglobin levels is essential to reduce the incidence of LBW in infants.
Global Overview of Genetically Modified Foods and Its Benefits: A Review
Authors: Amanullah Mohammad , Nahid Meher , Hosen SM Zahid
Published: August 2024

Genetically modified (GM) foods have revolutionized agricultural biotechnology since their debut in the mid-1990s, sparking debates about their safety, environmental impact, and potential to solve global food security issues. This review offers a comprehensive look at the global status of GM foods, covering their development, various genetic modifications, and adoption rates across different regions. It delves into the regulatory frameworks that govern GM foods in major markets, noting the variations in regulatory approaches and strictness. The review highlights the benefits of GM foods, such as higher agricultural productivity, better environmental sustainability, improved food security, and enhanced nutritional value. It also addresses the ongoing controversies and challenges, including safety concerns, environmental risks, ethical questions, and public perception issues. Looking ahead, the paper considers the future of GM foods, focusing on advancements in biotechnology, possible changes in policies and regulations, and how GM crops can be integrated into sustainable agriculture practices. By providing a balanced perspective, this review aims to guide stakeholders in making informed, evidence-based decisions about the role of GM foods in addressing global food challenges.
Rheological properties of porcine organs: measurements and fractional viscoelastic model
Authors: Mishra Aadarsh , Cleveland Robin O.
Published: August 2024

The rheological properties of porcine heart, kidney, liver and brain were measured using dynamic oscillatory shear tests over a range of frequencies and shear strains. Frequency sweep tests were performed from 0.1 Hz to a maximum of 9.5 Hz at a shear strain of 0.1%, and strain sweep tests were carried out from 0.01% to 10% at 1 Hz. The effect of pre-compression of samples up to 10% axial strain was considered. The experimental measurements were fit to a Semi-Fractional Kelvin Voight (S-FKV) model. The model was then used to predict the stress relaxation in response to a step strain of 0.1%. The prediction was compared to experimental relaxation data for the porcine organ samples, and the results agreed to within 30%. In conclusion, this study measured the rheological properties of porcine organs and used a fractional viscoelastic model to describe the response in frequency and time domain.
Dendritic polylysine co-delivery of paclitaxel and siAXL enhances the sensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Wan Xiaofeng , Chen Chuanrong , Zhan Jianmin , Ye Shuke , Li Runsheng , Shen Ming
Published: August 2024

Background: Drug resistance is common in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) therapy. To identify a method to overcome chemotherapy resistance in TNBC cells, an siRNA targeting the AXL gene (siAXL), which can overcome drug resistance, was used in this study. A nanodelivery system was constructed to co-deliver siAXL and paclitaxel (PTX).

Methods: A biodegradable and tumor microenvironment (TME)-sensitive mPEG-coated dendritic polylysine material (PDPLL) was synthesized. This material was used to construct single-molecule nanoparticles to co-deliver PTX and siAXL. The drug encapsulation and morphological properties of the nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized. The sensitivity of the NPs to the TME was evaluated in vitro with a dialysis method. The tumor-targeting effect of the PDPLL NPs was evaluated by fluorescence imaging and drug distribution evaluation in vivo. The ability to overcome drug resistance was evaluated using PTX-resistant 4T1 cells (4T1/PTX cells) in both in vitro and in vivo models.

Results: PDPLL NPs had a particle size of 49.6 ± 5.9 nm and a zeta potential of 7.87 ± 0.68 mV. The PTX drug loading (DL)% was 2.59%. The siAXL DL was 2.5 mg PDPLL: 10 nmol siAXL. The release of PTX showed sustained release performance. The release of siAXL showed sensitivity for the TME. The NPs were stable in the plasma. The NPs promoted cell uptake by PTX-resistant 4T1 cells (4T1/PTX) and promoted tumor targeting and permeability in vivo. siAXL enhanced the toxicity and apoptosis efficiency of PTX in 4T1/PTX cells, as well as the cycle arrest efficiency caused by PTX. The NPs improved the above effects. In mouse 4T1/PTX orthotopic tumors, the NPs enhanced the sensitization of PTX to siAXL.

Conclusion: The PDPLL NP co-delivery system possesses good encapsulating potential not only for PTX but also for siRNA. It can enhance the tumor-targeting effect and overcome the drug resistance of 4T1/PTX both in vitro and in vivo. This system is a potential delivery system for RNAs.
Exploring the impact of smart cities on improving the quality of life for people with disabilities in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Attar Razaz Waheeb , Habes Mohammad , Almusharraf Ahlam , Alhazmi Amal Hassan , Attar Renad Waheeb
Published: August 2024

By using advanced technologies and data analytics, smart cities can establish conditions that are both inclusive and accessible, addressing the distinctive needs of disabled people. This research aims to examine the benefits of smart city technologies and develop strategies for developing environments that serve the requirements of individuals with disabilities in Saudi Arabia. Using a sequential mixed method, the study uses the social disability model. The initial phase involves gathering quantitative data from 427 individuals with disabilities in Saudi Arabia. Further, qualitative data was obtained through semi-structured interviews with a sample of four professionals employed in Saudi smart city initiatives. Quantitative data is analyzed using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), while qualitative data is analyzed using thematic analysis. Quantitative findings revealed the robustness of the measurement model, confirming the significant effects of Smart City Initiatives on Accessibility Enhancement, Inclusive Information, and Health and Wellbeing Improvement. The respondents indicated that they are satisfied with the initiatives and their effectiveness, providing them with equal services and opportunities without discrimination. The qualitative analysis further revealed themes, i.e., Technology Integration for Accessibility, Inclusive Design, Inclusive Planning for Health, and others. Participants indicated special consideration for implementing the designs and approaches to ensure inclusivity and availability of services to disabled people. Besides, implementing infrastructure and policies to ensure the health and wellbeing of disabled people also remained prevalent. Hence, it is concluded that smart city initiatives break obstacles and improve the wellbeing of individuals with disabilities. Improved healthcare services and inclusive urban planning highlight the transformative effect of these initiatives on health and wellbeing, promoting an equitable and sustainable services environment. Finally, research implications and limitations are discussed.
Stress granule-related genes during embryogenesis of an invertebrate chordate
Authors: Drago Laura , Pennati Alessandro , Rothbächer Ute , Ashita Ryuji , Hashimoto Seika , Saito Ryota , Fujiwara Shigeki , Ballarin Loriano
Published: August 2024

Controlling global protein synthesis through the assembly of stress granules represents a strategy adopted by eukaryotic cells to face various stress conditions. TIA 1-related nucleolysin (TIAR), tristetraprolin (TTP), and Ras-GTPase-activating protein SH3-domain-binding protein (G3BP) are key components of stress granules, allowing the regulation of mRNA stability, and thus controlling not only stress responses but also cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we aimed at investigating the roles of tiar, ttp, and g3bp during embryogenesis of the solitary ascidian Ciona robusta under both physiological and stress conditions. We carried out CRISPR/Cas9 to evaluate the effects of gene knockout on normal embryonic development, and gene reporter assay to study the time and tissue specificity of gene transcription, together with whole-mount in situ hybridization and quantitative real time PCR. To induce acute stress conditions, we used iron and cadmium as “essential” and “non-essential” metals, respectively. Our results highlight, for the first time, the importance of tiar, ttp, and g3bp in controlling the development of mesendodermal tissue derivatives during embryogenesis of an invertebrate chordate.
Embodied agency through soft skills development in dance
Authors: Houston Sara
Published: August 2024

The fluidity, adaptability and complexity of a dancer's movement are often used as examples of how dance at a level of mastery is embodied. The freedom this gives the dancer to choose what and how they move is enjoyed at a subconscious level, with often tacit knowledge driving the artistic and technical brilliance. The topic of embodied agency in dance becomes more complicated when examining dance for the older person who has had little training. Embodiment is not straight forward, particularly if one examines dancing for the older adult with a neurodegenerative condition, which disrupts cognition and physical movement. Yet, as I argue, embodied agency is a key vision for socially engaged dance practices, particularly using improvisation. In the paper I examine how centring the amateur older dancer with a neurological condition means looking again at embodied agency and what it could mean in this context, as well as what the conditions are that might make it work. The paper takes the example of Dance Well, a group of community dancers in Italy that accommodates people with Parkinson's and others, including those seeking asylum. With this example I draw upon ideas from research I co-led to name some of the tacit soft skills—such as empathy and understanding and appreciating difference—developed through Dance Well's engagement with the local community, which, I now suggest, led to a process of embodied agency. I argue that in identifying this anoetic knowing, it is clear that embodied agency is not just aboutmasteryof movement, but about important relational skills that are embodied and practiced through dancing, even by those with little formal dance training. I argue that moving together whilst embodying soft skill qualities may nurture an environment that could enable the transformation of relationships between those dancing and contribute to the creation of an important and meaningful activity within the community. In this way, the paper outlines ideas on how embodied agency through dancing may contribute to a vision of social justice and a characterization of embodiment that emphasizes the recognition of each other's humanity.
A dedicated preventive protocol sustainably avoids spinal cord ischemia after endovascular aortic repair
Authors: Rosvall Lina , Karelis Angelos , Sonesson Björn , Dias Nuno V.
Published: August 2024

Objective

To analyze the incidence of spinal cord ischemia (SCI) after complex endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) after the introduction of a dedicated SCI preventive protocol.

Methods

Retrospective review of all consecutive patients undergoing complex EVAR with branched (BEVAR) and/or fenestrated grafts (FEVAR) during a 6-year period starting January 1st, 2015. The preventive protocol consisted of staging extensive aortic repairs, maintaining a mean arterial pressure (MAP) >80 mm Hg, Hb level >110 g/L, early lower limb reperfusion and neurological control per hour during the post-operative stay in the intensive care unit (36–72 h). Prophylactic cerebrospinal fluid drainage (CSFD) was used selectively. Pre- intra-, and 30-day postoperative clinical data and imaging were collected. Primary end point was the development of perioperative SCI. Secondary outcome included technical and clinical success.

Results

Complex EVAR was performed in 205 patients (167 males, 72 (67–75) years, 182 (88.8%) elective) with juxtarenal aneurysms (JRA, 155 patients) or thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAA). SCI occurred after JRA repair in two patients (1.3%, both ruptures) and after TAAA repair in three (6.0%, one rupture) (p = 0.06), all within 9 h postoperatively. There was symptom regression in three cases (one partial, two complete), resulting in a persistent SCI level of 0.6% and 4.0% for JRA and TAAA, respectively. Only one patient with persistent SCI could be discharged from the hospital alive. Patients developing SCI were more commonly female (n = 3, p = .016), presented with rupture (n = 3, p < .001), had preoperative renal insufficiency (n = 5, p < .001) and had lower minimal MAP (p = .015). No regression analysis was done due to the limited number of SCI events in relation to the study population size. Primary technical success was achieved in 162 patients (83.5%) and clinical success in 153 patients (75.4%), without any differences between the groups.

Conclusions

The incidence of persistent SCI after complex EVAR is low with the use of a dedicated SCI preventive protocol allowing the early diagnosis. Females, patients with ruptured aneurysms and preoperative renal insufficiency are at higher risk. Further studies are needed to customize the protocols particularly in those high-risk patients.
Association between arteriosclerosis index and lumbar bone mineral density in U.S adults: a cross-sectional study from the NHANES 2011–2018
Authors: Xie Chengxin , Ren Yu , He Qiang , Wang Chenglong , Luo Hua
Published: August 2024

Background

The arteriosclerosis index, defined as the ratio of non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol (NHHR), has emerged as a novel biomarker for various diseases. The relationship between NHHR and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) has not been previously examined.

Methods

This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2018. NHHR was calculated as (total cholesterol—high-density lipoprotein cholesterol)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Lumbar BMD was calculated to Z scores. Weighted multivariate linear regression, subgroup analysis, interaction analysis, generalized additive model, and two-piecewise linear regression were used.

Results

A total of 8,602 participants were included. The negative association between NHHR and lumbar BMD was consistent and significant (Model 1: β = −0.039, 95% CI: −0.055, −0.023, p < 0.001; Model 2: β = −0.045, 95% CI: −0.062, −0.027, p < 0.001; Model 3: β = −0.042, 95% CI: −0.061, −0.023, p < 0.001). The linear relationship between NHHR and lumbar BMD was significantly influenced by body mass index (p for interaction = 0.012) and hypertension (p for interaction = 0.047). Non-linear associations between NHHR and lumbar BMD Z scores were observed in specific populations, including U-shaped, reverse U-shaped, L-shaped, reverse L-shaped, and U-shaped relationships among menopausal females, underweight participants, those with impaired glucose tolerance, those with diabetes mellitus and those taking anti-hyperlipidemic drugs, respectively.

Conclusions

NHHR exhibited a negative association with lumbar BMD, but varying across specific populations. These findings suggest that NHHR should be tailored to individual levels to mitigate bone loss through a personalized approach. Individuals at heightened risk of cardiovascular disease should focus on their bone health.