bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Enigma of Cutaneous Adnexal Tumors: A 2-year Clinicopathological Study in a Tertiary Care Center of the Sub-Himalayan Region
Authors: Gulati Anchana , Gupta Mudita , Dattal Digvijay
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Cutaneous adnexal tumors (CATs) are a group of heterogeneous tumors of the pilosebaceous or eccrine-apocrine origin. Specific diagnosis of CATs is difficult to make. We conducted this retrospective study in a tertiary care center to observe the clinical and histopathological features of CATs.

Materials and Methods:

Demographic, clinical features, and histopathologic characteristics of all CATs were collected from records of the dermatology and pathology department over 2 years.

Results:

There were a total of 44 cases of CATs, accounting for 2.8% of total biopsies. The mean age was 41.3636 ± 18.499 years with a female:male ratio of 1.4:1. Head and neck was the most common site involved in 63.64% of cases; involvement of the face was more common than the scalp. Tumors of follicular origin were seen in 45.4%, eccrine in 43.2%, and those of sebaceous origin in 11.3% of cases. Pilomatricoma was the most common CAT of follicular origin and hidradenoma of eccrine origin. There were 6.8% of malignant CATs. Clinical diagnosis correlated with histopathological findings in 22.7% of cases.

Limitations:

Not all cases of CATs were sent for histopathological evaluation so the true incidence of these tumors could not be determined. Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry were not done.

Conclusion:

Making a specific diagnosis of CATs is difficult. A larger number of samples need to be sent for histopathological evaluation so as to sensitize both clinicians and pathologists for a specific diagnosis.
Type 2 Diabetes and Cognitive Decline: A Neurovascular Perspective
Authors: Choudhary Arbind K.
Published: January 2025

The manuscript provides a thorough analysis of the neurovascular and metabolic processes that contribute to cognitive deterioration in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D). The findings highlight the critical roles of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and neuroinflammation, along with vascular abnormalities such as endothelial dysfunction and disruptions in the blood–brain barrier, which collectively exacerbate cognitive impairment. Comorbidities such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcohol consumption, and stroke further complicate the clinical picture. The review examines current diagnostic methods, including cognitive evaluations, neuroimaging techniques (magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, electroencephalography), and electrophysiological tools, pointing out their limitations in detecting early-stage cognitive decline. It suggests the potential for developing biomarkers, such as amyloid-beta and tau proteins, along with digital biomarkers, for the early identification of cognitive deterioration and for creating novel treatment approaches. It underscores the importance of understanding the interplay between metabolic and vascular dysfunctions, emphasizing the necessity for early detection and personalized therapies. This also identifies gaps in current research, such as the lack of standardized biomarkers and the need for longitudinal studies, stressing the importance of a collaborative effort to tackle these issues. This review emphasizes the development of novel diagnostic tools and personalized treatments, including pharmacological interventions, lifestyle modifications, and cognitive training. The study encourages further research to fill knowledge gaps and find effective solutions for this growing public health issue.
Usefulness of immature platelet fraction measurement in predicting hematologic recovery in patients with acute leukemias undergoing high-intensity chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation
Authors: López Ana Beatriz Sánchez , Cordero Rolando Humberto Martínez , Luque Gloria Patricia Duarte , Calle Rose Mary Jaramillo , Hawkins Melody Mary Lever , Martínez Lina María Sopó , Ramírez Alexandra Porras , Mendoza Alejandro Rico
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives

The immature platelet fraction (IPF) count is a parameter that quantifies young and reticulated platelets in peripheral blood, which reflects platelet production in the bone marrow. It has been used as a predictive model for bone marrow recovery in patients with acute leukemia after high-intensity chemotherapy and/or stem cell transplantation. This study aimed to evaluate IPF as a predictor of hematologic recovery in these patients.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective analysis of patients with acute leukemias after high-intensity chemotherapy or undergoing stem cell transplantation, treated at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC) (Bogotá, Colombia) between October 2020 and March 2021.

The variables studied included age, sex, type of leukemia, type of treatment, type of chemotherapy, treatment duration, peripheral blood platelet count, percentage of IPF (IPF%), and peripheral blood neutrophil count. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to evaluate the relationship between the IPF behavior and hematologic recovery. Statistical analysis was performed using the R package version 4.2.0® (free license).

Results

Between October 2020 and March 2021, 32 patients were analyzed, with a median age of 26 years; the male population was 59.4%. Acute lymphoid leukemia was the most frequent type in 62.5%; 43.7% of patients received chemotherapy, while the others underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Hematologic recovery occurred between days 15 and 30. Spearman’s correlation was 0.27 with a p=0.13 for recovery day and IPF% (weak correlation).

Conclusion

There is limited information regarding the usefulness of IPF% in hematology. The IPF% was not found to be a predictor of hematologic recovery in patients with acute leukemia after chemotherapy and/or allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The lack of correlation does not allow for assuming a reliable cut-off point. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed.
Low incidence of primary graft failure with bendamustine, fludarabine, and busulfan conditioning prior to haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Moiseev Ivan Sergeevich , Cherkashina Alexandra Nikolaevna , Rudakova Tatiana Aleksandrovna , Volkov Nikita Pavlovich , Zhogolev Dmitrii Konstantinovich , Durova Svetlana Evgenievna , Vlasova Yulia Yurievna , Morozova Elena Vladislavovna , Bondarenko Sergey Nikolaevich , Kulagin Alexander Dmitrievich
Published: January 2025

The outcomes of haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (haplo-HCT) have improved with the implication of new in vivo and ex vivo graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis regimens. However, primary graft failure is still reported more frequently in haplo-HCT compared to a matched donor HCT. We conducted a pilot study (NCT04942730) to evaluate the impact of adding bendamustine to fludarabine and busulfan conditioning on engraftment after haplo-HCT. Bendamustine was administered on days −7 and −6 in the 130 mg/m2 dose. Fifty patients with malignant disorders in complete hematologic response were enrolled. The cumulative incidence of engraftment was 98% (95% confidence interval [CI] 77%–99%) with a median of 20 days. One-year overall survival was 67.9% (95% CI 53.2%–86.7%), event-free survival was 68.1% (95% CI 53.4%–86.8%), the cumulative incidence of relapse was 4.9% (95% CI 0.82%–15%), and nonrelapse mortality was 27% (95% CI 13%–44%). Relatively high incidence of viral reactivations (68%, 95% CI: 52%–79%) and invasive fungal infections (19%, 95% CI: 9.3%–32%) were observed. The study justifies further investigation of fludarabine, busulfan, and bendamustine conditioning in haplo-HCT.
Investigation of the Neuroprotective Effect of Riluzole on Matrix Metalloproteinases in an Experimental Model of Glaucoma
Authors: Yildiz Fatma , Sahinoglu-Keskek Nedime , Yilmaz Işıl Tan , Candan İbrahim Aydin , Korkmaz Orhan Tansel
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

To investigate the neuroprotective effect of riluzole through matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 in rats, in an experimental glaucoma model.

Methods:

A total of 28 Wistar albino rats, 3–4 months old, weighing 250–300 g, were divided into four groups; Group I (control), Group II (glaucoma), Group III (glaucoma + corn oil + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and Group IV (glaucoma + corn oil + DMSO + riluzole). A glaucoma model was created by episcleral vein cauterization in the left eyes of Group II, III, and IV subjects. After the formation of the model, daily intraperitoneal riluzole (5 mg/kg) administration was started. At the end of 7 weeks, retinal tissues were taken and some parts of them were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathological examinations. In the other part, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions were determined using real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical techniques.

Results:

As a result, a statistically significant increase in intraocular pressures (IOP) was found in Groups II, III, and IV when compared with the control eyes after 7 weeks (P < 0.001). There was a decrease in IOP in the riluzole group compared to the glaucoma group. Expression levels in both genes decreased slightly with riluzole administration. In the histopathological evaluation of the groups, it was observed that there were no significant differences between the findings of degeneration in ganglion cells, hemorrhage, and differentiation in layers.

Conclusions:

MMP-2 and MMP-9 exhibited decreased expression levels in both Group III (glaucoma + corn oil + DMSO) and Group IV (glaucoma + corn oil + DMSO + 5 mg/kg riluzole) compared to the glaucoma groups in Group II. Given that both Group III and Group IV received injections of corn oil + DMSO, this conclusion was drawn.
Exploring the Ocular Transmission Potential of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and the Assessment of Conjunctival Swab Test Results: A Concise Review
Authors: Mirzaei Arash , Djalilian Ali , Baharnoori Seyed Mahbod , Bohrani Sefidan Bahram , Shahriari Mansoor , Cheraqpour Kasra , Ghassemi Mahmood , Kufta Allison , Soleimani Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

To evaluate the possibility of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission through the eyes, particularly through the ocular surface and conjunctival route, as well as the positivity of conjunctival swab test.

Methods:

A narrative review was conducted to assess the possibility of COVID-19 transmission and the role of conjunctival swabs in diagnosing COVID-19 patients. Several studies were analyzed to compare the positivity rates and sensitivities of conjunctival swabs versus nasopharyngeal swabs.

Results:

Despite the fact that respiratory droplets are the major route of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission, the eyes can potentially serve as an active (via tears) or passive route (via the nasolacrimal duct) of infection. Besides, conjunctival swabs exhibited a low positive rate and sensitivity for detecting COVID-19 compared to nasopharyngeal swabs. While nasopharyngeal swabs typically showed positivity rates between 60% and 100%, conjunctival swabs ranged from showing no detectable evidence to a 57% positivity rate.

Conclusions:

Despite the low transmission rate through the eyes, thorough consideration is necessary as ocular transmission cannot be entirely ruled out. Further research and vigilance are warranted to better understand and mitigate potential ocular routes of COVID-19 transmission.
Missed early diagnosis of small bowel atresia – Cognitive domain influence in delayed diagnosis jeopardising patient safety
Authors: Narashimhan Saranya Vakkala , Kadirvel Karthikeyan , Ponnusamy Dhivya
Published: January 2025

Potential safety risks in neonatal intensive care units are frequently overlooked until a major adverse event occurs, as precursor incidents are rarely investigated. This case report aims at disclosing deviation from patient safety measures due to delayed diagnosis. A pre-term neonate was admitted to the intensive care for respiratory distress. Antenatal scan showed hyperechoic bowel loops. At 64 h of life after initiation of feed, she had bilious vomiting. Her contrast X-ray suggested small bowel atresia. The delay in diagnosis was attributed to the cognitive bias (anchoring/pre-mature closure) of the treating physician. This case report highlights the importance of early diagnosis and avoidance of cognitive bias to enhance patient safety.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity syndrome after brain injury: a multicenter, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Hong , Li Yujing , Shen Songying , Li Xin , Li Changhe , Li Yihao , Chen Huimin , Ren Caihong , Song Yinsen , Tang Yao , Dong Huijun , Zhao Meng , Zhang Sisen , Wang Hongyu
Published: January 2025

Hyperbaric oxygen has been used to treat many diseases. However, there are few reports on hyperbaric oxygen treatment for paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity at home and abroad, and the clinical experience is very limited. To understand the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen treatment for paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity after brain injury, this retrospective study was conducted in the adult intensive care units of five medical centers in central China. Ninety-two patients with paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity syndrome after brain injury were selected from January 2021 to September 2023. Fifty-six patients treated with hyperbaric oxygen were included in the hyperbaric oxygen group, and 36 patients without hyperbaric oxygen treatment were included in the control group. Patients in the hyperbaric oxygen group received 3–5 courses of hyperbaric oxygen treatment, twice daily, once for 70 minutes, 10 days for 1 course of treatment. Compared with before hyperbaric oxygen treatment, the paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity symptoms of all patients were significantly relieved after three courses of hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Compared with those in the control group, patients in the hyperbaric oxygen group had higher Glasgow coma scale scores, lower paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity syndrome assessment measure scores, and shorter intensive care unit stays. In conclusion, the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy as an assisted therapy can significantly alleviate the symptoms of patients with paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity, thereby providing new ideas for the treatment of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for cardiovascular surgery
Authors: Wang Dongchenlei , Liu Mo , Jia Shaoting , Tian Zichuan , Yang Jing , Liu Xuehua
Published: January 2025

Common cardiovascular surgeries include coronary artery bypass grafting, cardiac valve replacement, radiofrequency ablation, and cardiac intervention surgery. Multiple postoperative complications, such as hypoxic encephalopathy, air embolism, retained intracardiac air, cognitive dysfunction and major adverse cardiovascular events, including heart failure, ischemic stroke, and myocardial infarction, may occur after these cardiovascular surgeries. Hyperbaric oxygen can be used in preconditioning to lower the morbidity of adverse complications. It is also effective for the treatment of numerous postoperative complications. We provide evidence from the current literature highlighting the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for preconditioning and managing postoperative complications.
A Study of Bacteriological Profiles, Biofilm Production, and Antibiotic Susceptibility among Isolates of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Goyal Dimpal , Pal Nita , Agrawal Yash , Hooja Saroj
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is defined as chronic inflammation of the middle ear and mastoid mucosa. Biofilms act as non-selective physical barriers that obstruct antibiotic diffusion and hinder immune responses facilitating chronic bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance.

Aims and Objectives:

To study biofilm production among bacteria causing CSOM and their antibiotic resistance.

Materials and Methods:

This hospital-based descriptive type of observational study was done in the ENT department and Department of Microbiology. Ear discharge samples from 100 clinically diagnosed CSOM patients were collected and processed. Bacterial isolates were identified, and drug susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Biofilm production was detected by the microtiter plate method.

Results:

Among 100 patients included in the study, the most predominant isolate was Staphylococcus aureus (44.0%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (36.0%). Biofilm production was detected in 59.0% of isolates. Biofilm production was observed in 97.7% S. aureus isolates. Among Gram-negative isolates, biofilm production was observed in 40.0% of Klebsiella spp., 36.0% P. aeruginosa, and 22.2% E. coli. All isolates of S. aureus were susceptible to vancomycin, tigecycline, and linezolid (100%). Methicillin resistance was found in 25.6% S. aureus isolates. A susceptibility of 100% was observed with colistin and piperacillin-tazobactam among P. aeruginosa isolates.

Conclusion:

Ear discharge should be sent for culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing before initiation of empirical antibiotic treatment. Biofilm production is frequently associated with multi-drug resistance, so it should be tested routinely in laboratories. This will help in effective management of CSOM, prevent development of complications, and thereby prevent deafness.
Effects of Different Genres of Electronic Games on Spatial Skills and Intelligence Quotient of Undergraduate Students: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Mangal Disha , Gupta Reshu , Mangal Shweta , Agarwal Gopesh
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Spatial quotient and intelligence quotient are attributes of personality and follow the theory of use disuse atrophy. Thus, any attribute can be enhanced by exercising it. In India, there is a dearth of studies exploring the influence of gaming on skills like spatial quotient and intelligence quotient.

Aims:

The present study implies to find the relationship of different genres of electronic gaming (simulation, action, strategy, role-playing) on spatial abilities and intelligence quotient and determine the correlation between spatial and intelligence quotients.

Materials and Methods:

The cross-sectional study was conducted for 6 months on undergraduate students of medical colleges across Rajasthan after obtaining ethics approval. An online IQ and spatial quotient test were conducted through Google Forms. The SQ test also tested different subdomains (Spatial perception, mental rotation, and spatiotemporal ability) of SQ. The participants were divided into two groups, 100 gamers and non-gamers. The gamers were categorized on the types of games they played like strategy, action, simulation, and role-playing.

Results:

Maximum (67%) of the gamers were males and the majority (83%) had an urban background. More male gamers 42 (62.68%) than female gamers19 (57.57%) had resorted to playing electronic games during the COVID-19 pandemic. 55.2% of males played action games whereas 48.48% of females played strategy games. More participants were found to be playing electronic games with friends (53%) than with family or alone. The difference between the IQ scores of gamers (77.515 ± 14.41) and non-gamers (76.37 ± 16.48) was not significant. Mean spatial quotient scores for all genres’ gamers were 18.64 ± 2.53 as compared to non-gamers 14.25 ± 3.67, this was statistically significant. A moderate positive correlation was recorded between IQ and SQ (R = 0.5711). As compared to other genre players, action gamers had high mental rotation skills (Mean SQ = 9 ± 0.59) while strategy players had enhanced spatiotemporal abilities. (Mean SQ = 9 ± 0.68)

Conclusions:

The study recognizes the association between spatial quotient, intelligence quotient, and electronic gaming. The findings suggest that, while gamers exhibit high spatial skills, the influence on overall intelligence is not as pronounced. These insights can facilitate future research and interventions aimed at promoting desirable cognitive patterns in individuals engaged in electronic gaming.
Parallel intravascular lithotripsy catheters technique for calcified atherosclerotic abdominal aortic stenosis
Authors: Xue Song , Shi Huihua , Zhao Zhen , Yin Minyi
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Calcified atherosclerotic abdominal aortic stenosis is a rare and challenging condition, with heavily annular calcification limiting the effectiveness of traditional endovascular treatments.

METHODS:

A 66-year-old female with severe abdominal aortic stenosis underwent treatment using a parallel intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) catheter technique. Bilateral femoral access and arterial embolization were followed by parallel IVL angioplasty, stent implantation, and postdilation. A swine model was used to assess vascular injury after parallel IVL.

RESULTS:

The parallel IVL technique significantly relieved the stenosis without complications, as confirmed by angiography. In the swine model, histological analysis showed no significant vascular injury, except for expected intimal disruption and elastic lamina stretching.

CONCLUSION:

Parallel IVL catheter angioplasty is a feasible and safe approach for heavily calcified abdominal aortic stenosis, warranting further studies to validate its long-term outcomes.
Свойства классов булевых функций, построенных из нескольких линейных рекуррент над кольцом вычетов $\mathbb{Z}_{2^n}$
Authors: Bugrov Aleksei Dmitrievich , Kamlovskii Oleg Vital'evich
Published: January 2025

В работе определен класс булевых функций, построенных по старшим разрядным последовательностям нескольких линейных рекуррент над кольцом $\mathbb{Z}_{2^n}.$ Для выделения старших разрядных последовательностей используются различные координатные множества. Показано, что указанный класс состоит из функций, значительно удаленных от класса всех афинных функций.
Спектральные атаки различения на схемы Луби - Ракова по независимым двублочным текстам
Authors: Denisov Oleg Viktorovich
Published: January 2025

Изучается матрица $\mathbb{P}$ переходных вероятностей раундовых разностей для схемы Луби - Ракова. Найдены спектр и базисы собственных подпространств $\mathbb{P}$, вычислены матрицы $\mathbb{P}^2$ и $\mathbb{P}^4$. В модели наблюдения независимых двублочных текстов рассчитаны характеристики одновекторной и двухвекторной спектральных атак различения.
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of chronic kidney disease among patients with newly diagnosed ketosis-onset diabetes
Authors: Li Meng-Han , Xu Man-Rong , Wang Yu-Jie , Shen Li , Chen Ming-Yun , Li Lian-Xi
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

The prevalence and clinical characteristics of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients with ketosis-onset diabetes (also known as ketosis-prone diabetes) remain unclear. Furthermore, the classification of ketosis-onset diabetes remains controversial and requires further investigation.

AIM

To investigate the prevalence and clinical features of CKD in patients with newly diagnosed ketosis-onset diabetes.

METHODS

This real-world study included 217 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), 698 with ketosis-onset diabetes, and 993 with non-ketotic T2DM. The prevalence and clinical characteristics of CKD were compared among the three groups. Risk factors associated with CKD were evaluated using binary logistic regression for each group.

RESULTS

After adjusting for age and sex, the prevalence of CKD among patients with ketosis-onset diabetes (17.8%) was significantly higher than that in those with T1DM (8.3%, P = 0.007), but was not statistically different compared to those with non-ketotic T2DM (21.7%, P = 0.214). Furthermore, some risk factors for CKD, including age, and serum uric acid and C-reactive protein levels, in patients with ketosis-onset diabetes were similar to those with T2DM, but significantly different from those with T1DM.

CONCLUSION

The prevalence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors for CKD among patients with ketosis-onset diabetes were more similar to those with non-ketotic T2DM but considerably different from those with T1DM. These findings further support the classification of ketosis-onset diabetes as a subtype of T2DM rather than idiopathic T1DM.
N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase Wilms tumor 1-associated protein impedes diabetic wound healing through epigenetically activating DNA methyltransferase 1
Authors: Xiao Ren-Jie , Wang Tian-Jiao , Wu Dan-Yin , Yang Shui-Fa , Gao Hai , Gan Pei-Dong , Yi Yang-Yan , Zhang You-Lai
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Diabetic wound injury is a significant and common complication in individuals with diabetes. N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-related epigenetic regulation is widely involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications. However, the function of m6A methyltransferase Wilms tumor 1-associated protein (WTAP) in diabetic wound healing remains elusive.

AIM

To investigate the potential epigenetic regulatory mechanism of WTAP during diabetic wound healing.

METHODS

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were induced with high glucose (HG) to establish in vitro cell model. Male BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin to mimic diabetes, and full-thickness excision was made to mimic diabetic wound healing. HG-induced HUVECs and mouse models were treated with WTAP siRNAs and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) overexpression vectors. Cell viability and migration ability were detected by cell counting kit-8 and Transwell assays. In vitro angiogenesis was measured using a tube formation experiment. The images of wounds were captured, and re-epithelialization and collagen deposition of skin tissues were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson’s trichrome staining.

RESULTS

The expression of several m6A methyltransferases, including METTL3, METTL14, METTL16, KIAA1429, WTAP, and RBM15, were measured. WTAP exhibited the most significant elevation in HG-induced HUVECs compared with the normal control. WTAP depletion notably restored cell viability and enhanced tube formation ability and migration of HUVECs suppressed by HG. The unclosed wound area of mice was smaller in WTAP knockdown-treated mice than in control mice at nine days post-wounding, along with enhanced re-epithelialization rate and collagen deposition. The m6A levels on DNMT1 mRNA in HUVECs were repressed by WTAP knockdown in HUVECs. The mRNA levels and expression of DNMT1 were inhibited by WTAP depletion in HUVECs. Overexpression of DNMT1 in HUVECs notably reversed the effects of WTAP depletion on HG-induced HUVECs.

CONCLUSION

WTAP expression is elevated in HG-induced HUVECs and epigenetically regulates the m6A modification of DNMT1 to impair diabetic wound healing.
LEF1 influences diabetic retinopathy and retinal pigment epithelial cell ferroptosis via the miR-495-3p/GRP78 axis through lnc-MGC
Authors: Luo Yi-Yi , Ba Xue-Ying , Wang Ling , Zhang Ye-Pin , Xu Hong , Chen Pei-Qi , Zhang Li-Bo , Han Jian , Luo Heng
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major eye diseases contributing to blindness worldwide. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in retinal cells is a key factor leading to retinal inflammation and vascular leakage in DR, but its mechanism is still unclear.

AIM

To investigate the potential mechanism of LEF1 and related RNAs in DR.

METHODS

ARPE-19 cells were exposed to high levels of glucose for 24 hours to simulate a diabetic environment. Intraperitoneally injected streptozotocin was used to induce the rat model of DR. The expression levels of genes and related proteins were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blotting; lnc-MGC and miR-495-3p were detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization; CCK-8 and TUNEL assays were used to detect cell viability and apoptosis; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect inflammatory factors; dual-luciferase gene assays were used to verify the targeting relationship; and the retina was observed by HE staining.

RESULTS

LEF1 and lnc-MGC have binding sites, and lnc-MGC can regulate the miR-495-3p /GRP78 molecular axis. In high glucose-treated cells, inflammation was aggravated, the intracellular reactive oxygen species concentration was increased, cell viability was reduced, apoptosis was increased, the ER response was intensified, and ferroptosis was increased. As an ER molecular chaperone, GRP78 regulates the ER and ferroptosis under the targeting of miR-495-3p , whereas inhibiting LEF1 can further downregulate the expression of lnc-MGC , increase the level of miR-495-3p , and sequentially regulate the level of GRP78 to alleviate the occurrence and development of DR. Animal experiments indicated that the knockdown of LEF1 can affect the lnc-MGC /miR-495-3p /GRP78 signaling axis to restrain the progression of DR.

CONCLUSION

LEF1 knockdown can regulate the miR-495-3p /GRP78 molecular axis through lnc-MGC , which affects ER stress and restrains the progression of DR and ferroptosis in retinal pigment epithelial cells.
NR4A1 silencing alleviates high-glucose-stimulated HK-2 cells pyroptosis and fibrosis via hindering NLRP3 activation and PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Li Jin-Meng , Song Zi-Hua , Li Yuan , Chen Han-Wen , Li Han , Yuan Lu , Li Jing , Lv Wen-Yue , Liu Lei , Wang Na
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

The pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is complex. Interfering with the processes of pyroptosis and fibrosis is an effective strategy for slowing DKD progression. Previous studies have revealed that nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1) may serve as a novel pathogenic element in DKD; however, the specific mechanism by which it contributes to pyroptosis and fibrosis in DKD is unknown.

AIM

To investigate the role of NR4A1 in renal pyroptosis and fibrosis in DKD and possible molecular mechanisms.

METHODS

Streptozotocin 60 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally to establish a rat model of DKD. Typically, 45 mmol/L glucose [high glucose (HG)] was used to activate HK-2 cells to mimic the DKD model in vitro . HK-2 cells were transfected with NR4A1 siRNA to silence NR4A1.

RESULTS

NR4A1 was elevated in renal tissues of DKD rats and HG-stimulated HK-2 cells. Concurrently, NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathways were triggered, and pyroptosis and expression of fibrosis-linked elements was increased in vivo and in vitro . These alterations were significantly reversed via NR4A1 silencing.

CONCLUSION

Inhibition of NR4A1 mitigated pyroptosis and fibrosis via suppressing NLRP3 activation and the PI3K/AKT pathway in HG-activated HK-2 cells.
Extracellular matrix gene set and microRNA network in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury: Insights from RNA sequencing for diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Xu Dao-Jian , Wang Guo-Tao , Zhong Qiang
Published: January 2025

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IIRI) is a complex and severe pathophysiological process characterized by oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. In recent years, the critical roles of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) in IIRI have garnered widespread attention. This review aims to systematically summarize the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of ECM gene sets and miRNA regulatory networks in IIRI. First, we review the molecular mechanisms of IIRI, focusing on the dual role of the ECM in tissue injury and repair processes. The expression changes and functions of ECM components such as collagen, elastin, and matrix metalloproteinases during IIRI progression are deeply analyzed. Second, we systematically summarize the regulatory roles of miRNAs in IIRI, particularly the mechanisms and functions of miRNAs such as miR-125b and miR-200a in regulating inflammation, apoptosis, and ECM remodeling. Additionally, this review discusses potential diagnostic biomarkers and treatment strategies based on ECM genes and miRNAs. We extensively evaluate the prospects of miRNA-targeted therapy and ECM component modulation in preventing and treating IIRI, emphasizing the clinical translational potential of these emerging therapies. In conclusion, the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of ECM gene sets and miRNA regulatory networks in IIRI provides new directions for further research, necessitating additional clinical and basic studies to validate and expand these findings for improving clinical outcomes in IIRI patients.
High expression of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase in colorectal cancer oncogenic functions and its potential as a therapeutic target
Authors: Wang Xiao-Wei , Huang Wan-Ying , Qin Kai , Zeng Da-Tong , Chen Zu-Yuan , Chi Bang-Teng , Tang Yu-Xing , Li Qi , Li Bin , Li Dong-Ming , He Rong-Quan , Huang Wei-Jian , Chen Gang , Tang Rui-Xue , Feng Zhen-Bo
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

The stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD ) gene influences colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis, with its expression linked to tumor cell survival and resistance, necessitating further investigation into its role in CRC.

AIM

To explore the clinical and pathological significance of SCD expression in CRC tissues and to evaluate the affinity between nitidine chloride (NC) and SCD as a target.

METHODS

Multi-center high-throughput data related to CRC were integrated to calculate the standardized mean difference of SCD mRNA expression levels. Immunohistochemical staining results, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats knockout screening results of cell growth, and single-cell sequencing were employed to verify the significance of SCD expression in CRC. The clinical and pathological significance of SCD was assessed using pooled receiver operating characteristic curves, sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios. The molecular mechanism of NC against CRC was clarified using the SwissTarget Prediction and functional enrichment, and molecular docking techniques were utilized to explore the targeting affinity between NC and SCD.

RESULTS

Data from 18 platforms, including 2482 CRC samples and 1334 non-cancerous colorectal tissue controls. SCD expression was significantly upregulated in CRC, with a standardized mean difference of 2.05 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.69-2.41]. The area under the pooled receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.95 (95%CI: 0.92-0.96), with a sensitivity of 0.86 (95%CI: 0.81-0.90) and a specificity of 0.90 (95%CI: 0.87-0.93). Positive and negative likelihood ratios were 9.02 (95%CI: 6.49-12.51) and 0.15 (95%CI: 0.10-0.22), respectively. High SCD protein expression was noted in 208 CRC patients, significantly associated with vascular invasion (P < 0.001). At the single-cell level, SCD was significantly overexpressed in CRC cells (P < 0.001). A total of 33 CRC cell lines depended on SCD for growth. The potential mechanism of NC against CRC might involve modulation of the cell cycle, positioning SCD as a potential target for NC.

CONCLUSION

SCD promotes CRC cell growth and thus acts as an oncogenic factor, making it a potential therapeutic target for NC in CRC treatment.
Internal biliary diversion using appendix during liver transplantation for progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 1: A case report
Authors: Song Jia-Qi , Zhou Tao , Luo Yi , Liu Yuan
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 1 (PFIC-1) is a genetic cholestatic disease causing end-stage liver disease, which needs liver transplantation (LT). Simultaneous biliary diversion (BD) was recommended to prevent allograft steatosis after transplantation, while increasing the risk of infection. Here, an attempt was made to perform BD using appendix to prevent bacterial translocation after LT.

CASE SUMMARY

An 11-month-old boy diagnosed with PFIC-1 received ABO compatible living donor LT due to refractory jaundice and pruritus. His mother donated her left lateral segment with a graft-to-recipient weight ratio of 2.9%. Internal BD was constructed during LT using the appendix by connecting its proximal end with the intrahepatic biliary duct and the distal end with colon. Biliary leakage was suspected on the 5th day after transplantation and exploratory laparotomy indicated biliary leakage at the cutting surface of liver. The liver function returned to normal on the 9th day post-operation and maintained normal during the 15-month follow-up. Cholangiography at 10 months after transplantation confirmed the direct secretion of bile into colon. Computerized tomography scan (4 months and 10 months) and liver biopsy (10 months) indicated no steatosis in the allograft. No complaint of recurrent diarrhea, infection or growth retardation was reported during follow-up.

CONCLUSION

Internal BD using appendix during LT is effective in preventing allograft steatosis and post-transplant infection in PFIC-1 recipients.
Comprehensive influence of individualized nutrition support and nursing strategy on rehabilitation of patients with liver cancer after operation
Authors: Zhang Xue-Li , Ma Hai-Yan
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Hepatocellular carcinoma ranks among the most prevalent malignant neoplasms. Surgical intervention constitutes a critical therapeutic approach for this condition. Nonetheless, postoperative recovery is frequently influenced by the patient's nutritional status and the quality of nursing care provided.

AIM

To examine the comprehensive impact of personalized nutritional support and nursing strategies on the postoperative rehabilitation of patients with liver cancer.

METHODS

In this study, a retrospective comparative analysis was conducted involving 60 post-operative liver cancer patients. The subjects were selected as subjects and divided into two groups based on differing nursing interventions, with each group comprising 30 patients. The control group received standard nutritional support and care, whereas the experimental group received individualized nutritional support and nursing strategies. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of individualized nutrition by comparing the rehabilitation indices, nutritional status, quality of life (QoL), and complication rates between the two groups.

RESULTS

The results showed that the recovery index of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group 2 weeks after surgery, and the average liver function recovery index of the experimental group was 85. significantly higher than that of the control group (73.67 ± 7.19). In terms of nutritional status, the serum albumin level and body weight stabilization rate of the experimental group were also significantly higher than those of the control group, which were 42.33 ± 2.4 g/L and 93.3%, respectively, compared with 36.01 ± 3.85 g/L and 76.7% of the control group. In addition, the average QoL score of the experimental group was 84.66 ± 3.7 points, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (70.92 ± 4.28 points). At the psychological level, the average anxiety score of the experimental group was 1.17 ± 0.29, and the average depression score was 1.47 ± 0.4, which were significantly lower than the 2.26 ± 0.42 and 2.57 ± 0.45 of the control group. This showed that patients in the experimental group were better relieved of anxiety and depression under the individualized nutrition support and nursing strategy. More importantly, the complication rate in the experimental group was only 10%, much lower than the 33.3% in the control group.

CONCLUSION

Personalized nutritional support and tailored nursing strategies significantly enhance the postoperative rehabilitation of liver cancer patients. Consequently, it is recommended to implement and advocate for these individualized approaches to improve both the recovery outcomes and QoL for these patients.
Predictive value of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and total bilirubin levels for pancreatic fistula after gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Yuan Jing-Long , Wen Xuan , Xiong Pan , Pei Li
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Gastric cancer is the most common malignancy of the digestive system and surgical resection is the primary treatment. Advances in surgical technology have reduced the risk of complications after radical gastrectomy; however, post-surgical pancreatic fistula remain a serious issue. These fistulas can lead to abdominal infections, anastomotic leakage, increased costs, and pain; thus, early diagnosis and prevention are crucial for a better prognosis. Currently, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and total bilirubin (TBil) levels are used to predict post-operative infections and anastomotic leakage. However, their predictive value for pancreatic fistula after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer remains unclear. The present study was conducted to determine their predictive value.

AIM

To determine the predictive value of CRP, PCT, and TBil levels for pancreatic fistula after gastric cancer surgery.

METHODS

In total, 158 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer at our hospital between January 2019 and January 2023 were included. The patients were assigned to a pancreatic fistula group or a non-pancreatic fistula group. Multivariate logistic analysis was conducted to assess the factors influencing development of a fistula. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the predictive value of serum CRP, PCT, and TBil levels on day 1 post-surgery.

RESULTS

On day 1 post-surgery, the CRP, PCT, and TBil levels were significantly higher in the pancreatic fistula group than in the non-pancreatic fistula group (P < 0.05). A higher fistula grade was associated with higher levels of the indices. Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in the presence of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, pancreatic injury, splenectomy, and the biomarker levels (P < 0.05). Logistic multivariate analysis identified diabetes, hyperlipidemia, pancreatic injury, CRP level, and PCT level as independent risk factors. ROC curves yielded predictive values for CRP, PCT, and TBil levels, with the PCT level having the highest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72-0.90]. Combined indicators improved the predictive value, with an AUC of 0.86 (95%CI: 0.78-0.93).

CONCLUSION

Elevated CRP, PCT, and TBil levels predict risk of pancreatic fistula post-gastrectomy for gastric cancer.
Comparative study of cylindrical vs circular ring magnets for colonic anastomosis in rats
Authors: Zhang Miao-Miao , Shi Ai-Hua , Muensterer Oliver J , Uygun Ibrahim , Lyu Yi , Yan Xiao-Peng
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) offers a simple and reliable technique for inducing anastomoses at any point along the digestive tract. Evidence regarding whether the design of the MCA device influences the anastomosis effect is lacking.

AIM

To investigate any difference in the side-to-side colonic anastomosis effect achieved with cylindrical vs circular ring magnets.

METHODS

We designed cylindrical and circular ring magnets suitable for side-to-side colonic anastomosis in rats. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a cylindrical group, circular ring group, and cylindrical–circular ring group (n = 10/group). Side-to-side colonic anastomosis was completed by transanal insertion of the magnets without incision of the colon. Operation time, perioperative complications, and magnet discharge time were recorded. Rats were euthanized 4 weeks post-operatively, and anastomotic specimens were obtained. The burst pressure and anastomotic diameter were measured sequentially, and anastomosis formation was observed by naked eye. Histological results were observed by light microscopy.

RESULTS

In all 30 rats, side-to-side colonic anastomosis was completed, for an operation success rate of 100%. No postoperative complications of bleeding and intestinal obstruction occurred, and the postoperative survival rate were 100%. The operation time, magnet discharge time, anastomotic bursting pressure, and anastomotic diameter did not differ significantly among the three designs (P > 0.05). Healing was similar across the groups, with gross specimens showing good anastomotic healing and good mucosal continuity observed on histological analysis.

CONCLUSION

This study found no significant difference in the establishment of rat side-to-side colonic anastomosis with the use of cylindrical vs circular ring magnets.
Healthcare professionals' knowledge, attitude and practice towards ischemic bowel disease
Authors: Ying Mei , Li Yan-Ju , Chen Yan , Fu Ming-Yan , Zhang Ge
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Ischemic bowel disease (IBD) is a critical condition caused by reduced blood flow to the intestines, leading to tissue damage and potentially severe complications. Early recognition and timely management are essential for improving patient outcomes and reducing morbidity and mortality associated with IBD.

AIM

To evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of healthcare professionals regarding IBD.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare professionals in China from November 2023 to December 2023 using a self-designed questionnaire.

RESULTS

A total of 315 valid questionnaires were analyzed, with 215 participants (68.25%) being female. The mean KAP scores were 17.55 ± 5.35 (range: 0-24), 27.65 ± 2.77 (range: 8-40), and 18.88 ± 4.23 (range: 6-30), respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed the following factors to be independently associated with knowledge: Age 26-35 years (β = 2.80, 95%CI: 0.31-5.30, P = 0.028), professional title (β = 2.66, 95%CI: 0.91-4.41, P = 0.003), position (β = -3.78, 95%CI: -5.45 to -2.11, P < 0.001), participation in IBD-related training (β = 3.45, 95%CI: 2.39-4.51, P < 0.001), and admission of more than five IBD cases in the past month (β = 3.25, 95%CI: 1.58-4.92, P < 0.001). Attitude was independently associated with knowledge (β = 0.20, 95%CI: 0.15-0.26, P < 0.001) and being a nurse or nursing supervisor (β = -1.30, 95%CI: -2.16 to -0.40, P = 0.003). Practice was independently associated with knowledge (β = 0.20, 95%CI: 0.10-0.30, P < 0.001) and attitude (β = 0.24, 95%CI: 0.06-0.42, P = 0.007). Structural equation modeling demonstrated direct effects of knowledge on attitude (β = 0.24, P < 0.001) and practice (β = 0.26, P < 0.001), as well as of attitude on practice (β = 0.22, P = 0.012).

CONCLUSION

Healthcare professionals demonstrated adequate knowledge but moderate attitude and inactive practice regarding IBD. Addressing the gaps in attitude and practice through targeted training programs and interventions is essential for improving patient care and outcomes.
Early and accurate diagnosis and selection of appropriate treatment plans are crucial for patients with gastrointestinal hemangiomas
Authors: Chen Zhou , Wang Liang , Yu Peng-Jie
Published: January 2025

Gastrointestinal hemangioma (GIH) is clinically rare, accounting for 7%-10% of benign gastrointestinal tumors and 0.5% of systemic hemangiomas. GIH can occur as either solitary or multiple lesions, with gastrointestinal bleeding as a significant clinical manifestation. Understanding the clinical and endoscopic features of GIH is essential for improving diagnostic accuracy, particularly through endoscopy and selective arteriography, which are highly effective in diagnosing GIH and preventing misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Upon confirmed diagnosis, it is essential to thoroughly evaluate the patient's condition to determine the most suitable treatment modality—whether surgical, endoscopic, or minimally invasive intervention. The minimally invasive interventional partial embolization therapy using polyvinyl alcohol particles, proposed and implemented by Pospisilova et al , has achieved excellent clinical outcomes. This approach reduces surgical trauma and the inherent risks of traditional surgical treatments.