bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Field observational constraints on the controllers in glyoxal (CHOCHO) reactive uptake to aerosol
Authors: Kim Dongwook , Cho Changmin , Jeong Seokhan , Lee Soojin , Nault Benjamin A. , Campuzano-Jost Pedro , Day Douglas A. , Schroder Jason C. , Jimenez Jose L. , Volkamer Rainer , Blake Donald R. , Wisthaler Armin , Fried Alan , DiGangi Joshua P. , Diskin Glenn S. , Pusede Sally E. , Hall Samuel R. , Ullmann Kirk , Huey L. Gregory , Tanner David J. , Dibb Jack , Knote Christoph J. , Min Kyung-Eun
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Glyoxal (CHOCHO), the simplest dicarbonyl in the
troposphere, is a potential precursor for secondary organic aerosol (SOA)
and brown carbon (BrC) affecting air quality and climate. The airborne
measurement of CHOCHO concentrations during the KORUS-AQ (KORea–US Air
Quality study) campaign in 2016 enables detailed quantification of loss
mechanisms pertaining to SOA formation in the real atmosphere. The
production of this molecule was mainly from oxidation of aromatics (59 %)
initiated by hydroxyl radical (OH). CHOCHO loss to aerosol was found to be
the most important removal path (69 %) and contributed to roughly
∼ 20 % (3.7 µg sm−3 ppmv−1 h−1,
normalized with excess CO) of SOA growth in the first 6 h in Seoul
Metropolitan Area. A reactive uptake coefficient (γ) of
∼ 0.008 best represents the loss of CHOCHO by surface uptake
during the campaign. To our knowledge, we show the first field observation
of aerosol surface-area-dependent (Asurf) CHOCHO uptake, which diverges
from the simple surface uptake assumption as Asurf increases in ambient
condition. Specifically, under the low (high) aerosol loading, the CHOCHO
effective uptake rate coefficient, keff,uptake, linearly increases
(levels off) with Asurf; thus, the irreversible surface uptake is a
reasonable (unreasonable) approximation for simulating CHOCHO loss to
aerosol. Dependence on photochemical impact and changes in the chemical and
physical aerosol properties “free water”, as well as aerosol viscosity,
are discussed as other possible factors influencing CHOCHO uptake rate. Our
inferred Henry's law coefficient of CHOCHO, 7.0×108 M atm−1, is ∼ 2 orders of magnitude higher than those
estimated from salting-in effects constrained by inorganic salts only
consistent with laboratory findings that show similar high partitioning into
water-soluble organics, which urges more understanding on CHOCHO solubility
under real atmospheric conditions.
Regional-scale phytoplankton dynamics and their association with glacier meltwater runoff in Svalbard
Authors: Dunse Thorben , Dong Kaixing , Aas Kjetil Schanke , Stige Leif Christian
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Arctic amplification of global warming has accelerated mass loss of Arctic
land ice over the past decades and led to increased freshwater discharge into
glacier fjords and adjacent seas. Glacier freshwater discharge is typically
associated with high sediment load which limits the euphotic depth but may
also aid to provide surface waters with essential nutrients, thus having
counteracting effects on marine productivity. In situ observations from a few
measured fjords across the Arctic indicate that glacier fjords dominated by
marine-terminating glaciers are typically more productive than those with only
land-terminating glaciers. Here we combine chlorophyll a from
satellite ocean color, an indicator of phytoplankton biomass, with glacier
meltwater runoff from climatic mass-balance modeling to establish a
statistical model of summertime phytoplankton dynamics in Svalbard (mid-June
to September). Statistical analysis reveals significant and positive
spatiotemporal associations of chlorophyll a with glacier runoff for
7 out of 14 primary hydrological regions but only within 10 km
distance from the shore. These seven regions consist predominantly of the
major fjord systems of Svalbard. The adjacent land areas are characterized by
a wide range of total glacier coverage (35.5 % to 81.2 %)
and fraction of marine-terminating glacier area
(40.2 % to 87.4 %). We find that an increase in specific
glacier-runoff rate of 10 mm water equivalent per 8 d period
raises summertime chlorophyll a concentrations by
5.2 % to 20.0 %, depending on the region. During the annual peak discharge we estimate that glacier runoff increases chlorophyll a by 13.1 % to 50.2 % compared to situations with no runoff. This suggests that glacier runoff is an
important factor sustaining summertime phytoplankton production in Svalbard
fjords, in line with findings from several fjords in Greenland. In contrast,
for regions bordering open coasts, and beyond 10 km distance from the
shore, we do not find significant associations of chlorophyll a with
runoff. In these regions, physical ocean and sea-ice variables control
chlorophyll a, pointing at the importance of a late sea-ice breakup
in northern Svalbard, as well as the advection of Atlantic water masses along
the West Spitsbergen Current for summertime phytoplankton dynamics. Our method
allows for the investigation and monitoring of glacier-runoff effects on primary
production throughout the summer season and is applicable on a pan-Arctic
scale, thus complementing valuable but scarce in situ measurements in both
space and time.
Description of the China global Merged Surface Temperature version 2.0
Authors: Sun Wenbin , Yang Yang , Chao Liya , Dong Wenjie , Huang Boyin , Jones Phil , Li Qingxiang
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Global surface temperature observational datasets are the basis of global warming studies. In the context of increasing global warming and frequent extreme events, it is essential to improve the coverage and reduce the uncertainty of global surface temperature datasets. The China global Merged Surface Temperature Interim version (CMST-Interim) is updated to CMST 2.0 in this study. The previous CMST datasets were created by merging the China global Land Surface Air Temperature (C-LSAT) with sea surface temperature (SST) data from the Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature version 5 (ERSSTv5). The CMST2.0 contains three variants: CMST2.0-Nrec (without reconstruction), CMST2.0-Imax, and CMST2.0-Imin (According to their reconstruction area of the air temperature over the sea ice surface in the Arctic region). The reconstructed datasets significantly improve data coverage, whereas CMST2.0-Imax and CMST2.0-Imin have improved coverage in the Northern Hemisphere, up to more than 95 %, and thus increased the long-term trends at global, hemispheric, and regional scales from 1850 to 2020. Compared to CMST-Interim, CMST2.0-Imax and CMST2.0-Imin show a high spatial coverage extended to the high latitudes and are more consistent with a reference of multi-dataset averages in the polar regions. The CMST2.0 datasets presented here are publicly available at the website of figshare, https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16929427.v4 (Sun and Li, 2021a) and the CLSAT2.0 datasets can be downloaded at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16968334.v4 (Sun and Li, 2021b).
Inishell 2.0: semantically driven automatic GUI generation for scientific models
Authors: Bavay Mathias , Reisecker Michael , Egger Thomas , Korhammer Daniela
Published: January 2022

Abstract. As numerical model developers, we have experienced first hand how most users struggle with the configuration of the models, leading to numerous support requests. Such issues are usually mitigated by offering a graphical user interface (GUI) that flattens the learning curve. Developing a GUI, however, requires a significant investment for the model developers, as well as a specific skill set. Moreover, this does not fit with the daily duties of model developers. As a consequence, when a GUI has been created – usually within a specific project and often relying on an intern – the maintenance either constitutes a major burden or is not performed. This also tends to limit the evolution of the numerical models themselves, since the model developers try to avoid having to change the GUI. In this paper we describe an approach based on an XML description of the required numerical model configuration elements (i.e., the data model of the configuration data) and a C++/Qt tool (Inishell) that populates a GUI based on this description on the fly. This makes the maintenance of the GUI very simple and enables users to easily get an up-to-date GUI for configuring the numerical model. The first version of this tool was written almost 10 years ago and showed that the concept works very well for our own surface process models. A full rewrite offering a more modern interface and extended capabilities is presented in this paper.
The impact of lateral boundary forcing in the CORDEX-Africa ensemble over southern Africa
Authors: Karypidou Maria Chara , Sobolowski Stefan Pieter , Katragkou Eleni , Sangelantoni Lorenzo , Nikulin Grigory
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The region of southern Africa (SAF) is among the most exposed climate change hotspots and is projected to experience severe impacts on multiple economical and societal sectors. For this reason, producing reliable projections of the expected impacts of climate change is key for local communities. In this work we use a set of 19 regional climate models (RCMs) performed in the context of the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) – Africa and a set of 10 global climate models (GCMs) participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), that were used as the driving GCMs in the RCM simulations. We are concerned about the degree to which RCM simulations are influenced by their driving GCMs, with regards to monthly precipitation climatologies, precipitation biases and precipitation change signal, according to the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 for the end of the 21st century. We investigate the degree to which RCMs and GCMs are able to reproduce specific climatic features over SAF and over three sub-regions, namely the greater Angola region, the greater Mozambique region and the greater South Africa region. We identify that during the beginning of the rainy season, when regional processes are largely dependent on the coupling between the surface and the atmosphere, the impact of the driving GCMs on the RCMs is smaller, compared to the core of the rainy season, when precipitation is mainly controlled by the large-scale circulation. In addition, we show that RCMs are able to counteract the bias received by their driving GCMs, hence, we claim that the cascade of uncertainty over SAF is not additive, but indeed the RCMs do provide improved precipitation climatologies. The fact that certain bias patterns over the historical period (1985–2005) identified in GCMs are resolved in RCMs, provides evidence that RCMs are reliable tools for climate change impact studies over SAF.
How does a change in climate variability impact the Greenland ice-sheet surface mass balance?
Authors: Zolles Tobias , Born Andreas
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The future of the Greenland ice-sheet largely depends on the changing climate. When ice-sheet models are run for time periods that extend far beyond the observational record they are often forced by climatology instead of a transient climate. We investigate how this simplification impacts the surface mass balance using the Bergen Snow Simulator. The model was run for up to 500 years using the same atmospheric climatology, but different variability, as forcing. We achieve this by re-arranging the years in the ERA-interim reanalysis while leaving the intra-annual variations unchanged. This changes the surface mass balance by less than 5 % over the entire Greenland ice sheet. However, using daily averages as forcing introduces large changes in intra-annual variability and thereby overestimates the Greenland-wide surface mass balance by 40 %. The biggest contributor is precipitation followed by temperature. The most important process is that small amounts of snowfall from the daily climatology overestimate the albedo, leading to an increased SMB. We propose a correction that distributes the monthly precipitation over a realistic intra-monthly variability. This approach reduces the SMB overestimation to 15–25 %. We conclude that simulations of the Greenland surface mass and energy balance should be forced with a transient climate. Particular care must be taken if only climatological data is available for simulations with a model that was calibrated with transient data. If daily transient data cannot be used, at least the precipitation should follow a natural daily distribution.
Reversal of ocean gyres near ice shelves in the Amundsen Sea caused by the interaction of sea ice and wind
Authors: Zheng Yixi , Stevens David P. , Heywood Karen J. , Webber Benjamin G. M. , Queste Bastien Y.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Floating ice shelves buttress the Antarctic Ice Sheet, which is losing mass rapidly mainly due to ocean-driven melting and the associated disruption to glacial dynamics. The local ocean circulation near ice shelves is therefore important for the prediction of future ice mass loss and related sea-level rise as it determines the water mass exchange, heat transport under the ice shelf and the resultant melting. However, the dynamics controlling the near-coastal circulation are not fully understood. A cyclonic (i.e. clockwise) gyre circulation (27 km radius) in front of the Pine Island Ice Shelf has previously been identified in both numerical models and velocity observations. Here we present ship-based observations from 2019 to the west of Thwaites Ice Shelf, revealing another gyre (13 km radius) for the first time in this habitually ice-covered region, rotating in the opposite (anticyclonic, anticlockwise) direction to the gyre near Pine Island Ice Shelf, despite similar wind forcing. We use an idealised configuration of MITgcm, with idealised forcing based on ERA-5 climatological wind fields and simplified sea ice conditions from MODIS satellite images, to reproduce key features of the observed gyres near Pine Island Ice Shelf and Thwaites Ice Shelf. The model driven solely by wind forcing in the presence of ice can reproduce the horizontal structure and direction of both gyres. We show that the modelled gyre direction depends upon the spatial difference in the ocean surface stress, which can be affected by the applied wind stress curl filed, the percentage of wind stress transferred through the ice, and the angle between the wind direction and the sea ice edge. The presence of ice, either it is fast ice/ice shelves blocking the effect of wind, or the mobile sea ice enhancing the effect of wind, has the potential to reverse the gyre direction relative to ice-free conditions.
Sudden stratospheric warmings during El Niño and La Niña: sensitivity to atmospheric model biases
Authors: Tyrrell Nicholas L. , Koskentausta Juho M. , Karpechko Alexey Yu.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The number of sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) per year is affected by
the phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), yet there are
discrepancies between the observed and modelled relationship. We investigate
how systematic model biases in atmospheric winds and temperatures may affect
the ENSO–SSW connection. A two-step bias correction process is applied to
the troposphere, stratosphere, or full atmosphere of an atmospheric general
circulation model. ENSO-type sensitivity experiments are then performed by
adding El Niño and La Niña sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies
to the model's prescribed SSTs, to reveal the impact of differing
climatologies on the ENSO–SSW teleconnection. The number of SSWs per year is overestimated in the control run, and this
statistic is improved when biases are reduced in both the stratosphere and
troposphere. The seasonal cycle of SSWs is also improved by the bias
corrections. The composite SSW responses in the stratospheric zonal wind,
geopotential height, and surface response are well represented in both the
control and bias-corrected runs. The model response of SSWs to ENSO phase is
more linear than in observations, in line with previous modelling studies,
and this is not changed by the reduced biases. However, the ratio of wave 1
events to wave 2 events as well as the tendency to have more wave 1 events
during El Niño years than La Niña years is improved in the bias-corrected runs.
Impacts of wind field characteristics and non-steady deterministic wind events on time varying main-bearing loads
Authors: Hart Edward , Stock Adam , Elderfield George , Elliott Robin , Brasseur James , Keller Jonathan , Guo Yi , Song Wooyong
Published: January 2022

Abstract. This work considers the characteristics and drivers of the loads experienced by wind turbine main-bearings. Simplified load response models of two different hub and main-bearing configurations are presented, representative of both inverting direct-drive and four-point mounted geared drivetrains. The influences of deterministic wind field characteristics, such as wind speed, shear, yaw offset and veer, on the bearing load patterns are then investigated for similarity scaled 5, 7.5 and 10 MW reference wind turbine models. Main-bearing load response in cases of deterministic gusts and extreme changes in wind direction are also considered for the 5 MW model. Perhaps surprisingly, veer is identified as an important driver of main-bearing load fluctuations. Upscaling results indicate that similar behaviour holds as turbines become larger, but with mean loads and load fluctuation levels increasing at least cubically with the turbine rotor radius. Strong links between turbine control and main-bearing load response are also observed.
Accessibility: Distribution across diverse populations
Authors: Carlson Kristin , Owen Andrew
Published: January 2022

High-resolution data are used to evaluate the distribution of job accessibility among workers at the national, state, regional, and urban scales. Annually updated accessibility datasets produced by the National Accessibility Evaluation are paired with Census data to tie accessibility, jobs, and worker information at the block level. Minnesota is selected as a case study for analyzing accessibility and drawing findings from the spatial datasets. The average accessibility by worker age, monthly earnings, educational attainment, race, and sex are calculated using data for the weekday morning commute by automobile and transit. The greatest variation in average accessibility among demographic groups is found for worker race. Based on home location, non-White workers systematically experience far higher accessibility to jobs by both automobile and transit than White workers as a percent difference from the population average. The finding holds at the national, state, and regional geographies. Additional findings are presented for each demographic group. The analyses presented here can be applied to other states and regions to identify where accessibility is distributed most and least equitably.
ՎԱՐՉԱԿԱՆ ԱԿՏԻ ԲՈՂՈՔԱՐԿՄԱՆ ՀԻՄՆԱԽՆԴԻՐՆԵՐԻ ԻՐԱՎԱԿԱՆ ՀԻՄՔԵՐԻ ՎԵԼՈՒԾՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ԵՎ ԴՐԱՆՑ ԲԱՐԵԼԱՎՄԱՆ ԽՆԴԻՐՆԵՐԸ ԱՐՏԱԿԱՐԳ ԴՐՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՊԱՅՄԱՆՆԵՐՈՒՄ
Authors: GHAZARYAN HAYK
Published: January 2022

In the Constitution of every legal and democratic state, the primary problem is the guarantee and protection of fundamental human rights and freedoms. The spread of the new coronavirus disease poses a major challenge to human rights protection. Taking into account the spread of infectious disease cases, from March 16, 2020, an emergency was declared throughout the territory of the Republic of Armenia, which was prolonged for a long time.
In this period, not only the rights of citizens were repeatedly limited, but also these restrictions were uneven in practice and did not serve their purpose, that is, the prevention of the disease, but only contributed to the appointment of fines, which in many cases were illegal. From our side, this article examines the main problems of the regularity of an administrative act in a state of emergency, their appeal, identifies problems in the current legal norms and, based on the practice, proposes solutions to further prevent such phenomena, also applying judicial practice.
Mapping the Textual Genome: Post-Scripts, Post-Structuralism and Chandler’s Poodle Springs
Authors: Beal Gareth
Published: January 2022

To borrow from Churchill’s old line: creative writing is ‘a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma’ (Churchill 694). The riddle is whether or not it can, in the truest sense of the word, be’taught’. The mystery, it seems to me, is that many of the most prominent sceptics are actually teachers within the discipline itself…
Fractured Writing: Creativity, the University and the Australian Culture Wars
Authors: Sved Miriam
Published: January 2022

In 1988 an academic conference was held at the University of New South Wales entitled ‘Writers and Academics - an Australian Divide?’. Whereas in America the traditional rivalry - between writers and academics, literature and criticism - had by this time galvanised around

what Marjorie Perloff called the A team of the creative writing workshop and the B team of the graduate seminar in theory (Perloff 1986: 45), in Australia the two groups were still squaring off over the dividing wall of the academy. Fifteen years on, as a discipline with a professional body and an almost comprehensive representation in humanities departments throughout the country, how has university creative writing entered and affected the hostile dialectic between writer and critic? This paper will aim to address this question, while touching on a wider terrain of debates about creativity, the academy and Australian cultural politics.
Memory and Innovation: Creative Writing and the Avant-garde
Authors: Taylor Andrew
Published: January 2022

This paper is not concerned with identifying a contemporary avant-garde as such, but with factors that underlie and nourish an innovative writing that is not ephemeral. It will look at the diverse roles of memory in the creative arts, both in giving them form and in locating them within a socio-historical perspective. Then taking cues from writers and critics such as Eliot, Pound, Bloom andBarthes, it will look at how memory, and the knowledge it makes available, enable innovating writing to draw nourishment and power from its relation to the past. It will do this by looking briefly at how past periods of innovation have related to what Eliot called the Tradition in his essay ‘Tradition and the Individual Talent’ and at where innovative writers of today stand. It will defend a wide and catholic knowledge of past writing, not from a conservative point of view, but as a means of creating the genuinely new. It will attempt to identify the various creative uses of the past for today’s young or beginner writers, and draw some conclusions regarding the structure and aims of creative writing courses.
The New and its Reproductive Practices
Authors: Perelman Bob
Published: January 2022

This paper was delivered on 29 November 2003 as the Keynote Address at Negotiations: Writing, the Academy and Publishing, the Eighth Annual conference of the Australian Association of Writing Programs, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 27-30 November 2003.
Surveillance and the redefinition of individuals and reality
Authors: Yauri-Miranda Jaseff Raziel
Published: January 2022

This essay provides an overview of the relationship between surveillance, individuals, and reality. To do this, I use a multilevel perspective that connects power (from agency to structure) to social systems theory. This novel approach means taking a holistic view on how individuals are managed beyond ideas of resistance and technology. At the agency level, individuals are constrained by continuous interactions through digital and behavioral exploitation. In the second meso-level, individuals attach to an informational system that renders, sorts, and distorts data fragments that resemble their ontology. Finally, at the structural level, more than being fragmented subjects, I argue that individuals and data constitute a new hermeneutic cycle in which reality itself is redefined in an autopoietic reading of things distanced from subjects and knowledge.
El neoconservadurismo religioso en Twitter: La campaña #ConMisHijosNoTeMetas y el discurso contra la igualdad de género
Authors: Ferré-Pavia Carme , Sambucetti Maria Fe
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo expone una investigación exploratoria y analítica centrada en el análisis discursivo de la campaña #ConMisHijosNoTeMetas en la plataforma Twitter. Se trata de una iniciativa plurinacional en la contienda sobre los valores en la educación y la agenda antiabortista. El objetivo se centra en analizar la capacidad informativa y de movilización de Twitter, así como evidenciar si existe un discurso caracterizado por la espectacularización y la dramatización. Los resultados muestran que los contenidos se difunden a través de la opinión y la persuasión, y que más de la mitad de los tuits analizados difunden ataques personales. Estos aparecen vinculados a la educación sexual, el aborto, la violencia de género y los eventos del Día de la Mujer y de una manifestación provida, llegando a generar un discurso de odio contra la igualdad de género.
Persuasión en los videojuegos: La construcción de identidades
Authors: Sequeiros Bruna Costán , Puente Bienvenido Héctor , Fernández Ruiz Marta
Published: January 2022

Los videojuegos son una de las industrias culturales más pujantes que existen en la actualidad, lo cual los convierte en un altavoz privilegiado para toda suerte de discursos. Sus mensajes también han ganado en madurez y profundidad, y se han convertido en un entorno usado para la persuasión y la creación de identidades que permean con intensidad en el ámbito privado de millones de jugadores y jugadoras. En este trabajo estudiamos las mediaciones y los procesos de cocreación de identidades en los videojuegos, bajo las lógicas del capitalismo tardío, y cómo dicho rasgo está presente de manera ubicua en cualquier género videolúdico más allá de los denominados juegos persuasivos.
Quercus Sonora. La custodia del territorio para conservar los bosques autóctonos en Galicia. Entrevista con Sandra Goded y Rudi Esteban
Authors: Goded Sandra , Esteban Rudi , Rivera Javier de
Published: January 2022

La custodia del territorio es una práctica que nace desde la iniciativa social orientada a garantizar la conservación del medio natural. En esta entrevista abordamos el caso de una de estas iniciativas, la asociación Quercus Sonora, de la Comarca de A Ulloa, provincia de Lugo. A través de ella, exploramos también las amenazas sobre los entornos naturales, la problemática de la sostenibilidad en el mundo rural, y las posibilidades de esta figura para la conservación del medio ambiente.
Моделювання теплового впливу пожежі в резервуарі з нафтопродуктом на сусідній резервуар
Authors: Basmanov Oleksii , Maksymenko Maksym , Oliinik Volodymyr
Published: January 2022

The forecasting of the consequences of emergencies caused by the fire of a vertical steel tank with oil product in the tank group is considered. Due to the thermal impact of the fire on the next tanks, there is a threat of cascading fire.. Assumptions based on the model of heating the tank shell under the thermal influence of a fire in the adjacent tank are substantiated. This model is a differential equation that describes the process of heat transfer inside the tank shell, with boundary conditions on the outer and inner surfaces of the shell. These boundary conditions describe the heat exchange of the shell surfaces with the torch, the environment and the vapor-air mixture in the gas space of the tank. The model takes into account heat exchange by radiation and convection. An estimation of the value of the mutual irradiation coefficient with a torch for an arbitrary point on the tank shell is obtained. It is shown that after transition to dimensionless coordinates the value of the irradiation coefficient for all tanks with a capacity of up to 20000 m3 depends only on the type of liquid – flammable or highly flammable. An estimation of the convective heat transfer coefficient under free convection conditions with ambient air for the outer surface of the tank shell and with a vapor-air mixture in the gas space of the tank for the inner shell surface is obtained. The estimation is obtained by using the methods of similarity theory. Numerical solution of the heat balance equation for the tank shell allows finding the temperature distribution on the shell at an arbitrary time. This allows determining the area on the tank shell that needs cooling and determining the time limit of its onset. It is shown that within 5 minutes after the start of the fire, the temperature of the part of the adjacent tank shell that facing the fire reaches dangerous values.
An observational study amongst anti-diabetic patients related to the anti-diabetic drugs prescription at tertiary care centre of northern India
Authors: Mishra Seema , S. Ahmad Syed , Nigam Nilam , Shankar Pratap , Kumar Shravan , Kumar Vinay , Gupta Shalini
Published: January 2022

Being a chronic metabolic disorder, Diabetes mellitus (DM) affecting six percent of the world population. The WHO defines diabetes mellitus as “A metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in the insulin secretion, insulin action, or both”. Oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) are the first line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus in management of the disease. Rational use of oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) and insulin are used for the prevention of diabetes mellitus complications. Prescription of rational use of the drugs is a complex issue to achieve the goal that patients receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their own individual requirements for an adequate period of time, and at the lowest cost to them and their community. Rational use of the drugs in populations can be effectively studied with drug utilization reviews. The aim is to study the drug prescribing pattern of anti-diabetic drugs in newly diagnosed type 2 DM patients.
Isolation and Optimization of Laccase producing Marine Fungi Neurospora crassa AJAS1
Authors: Nair Soumya , Baranwal Siddhant , Srivastava Aishwarya , Abraham Jayanthi
Published: January 2022

The study includes isolation and screening of laccase enzyme producing fungus from marine soil sample collected from Kovalam beach (8.4004˚N, 76.9787˚E), Kerala. In this study, 12 fungal strains were isolated by serial dilution technique on different complex media. For primary screening of laccase production, plate assay was performed where the fungal isolates were cultivated on potato dextrose agar supplemented with tannic acid, ABTS and guaiacol as indicator substrates respectively. Out of the 12 isolates, 6 showed positive results for laccase production and were designated as FL1-FL6. Further, laccase enzyme assay was performed. The potential strain with maximum enzyme production was found to be FL6. The strain was optimised in submerged fermentation under different sets of environmental parameters. The fungal growth was maximum at 37˚C and pH 5 with starch, yeast extract, glutamine, KH2PO4 and 3% NaCl concentration as the carbon, nitrogen, amino acid, and mineral salt source respectively. Furthermore, the enzyme stability was also checked for varying temperature and pH. Antimicrobial potential of the strain FL6 was assessed using the Kirby Bauer well diffusion method where it showed good results against Gram-negative bacteria than the Gram-positive organisms. FL6 was morphologically identified as belonging to genus Neurospora using the lactophenol cotton blue stain.28s rRNA sequencing of the potential strain was performed and identified as Neurospora crassa AJAS1.
Preparation and characterization of In Situ Gel of Gemcitabine Hydrochloride loaded Nanoparticles used for the treatment of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Kaur Taranjit , Kaur Charanjit , Kaur Iqbaljit , Kaur Parminderjit
Published: January 2022

Objective: The objective of the current research work was to prepare polymeric nanoparticles of gemcitabine hydrochloride and then incorporate the drug-loaded nanoparticles into an in-situ gelling system to provide dual sustained release effect, whereby the duration of action, targeting action, dose as well as dose duration could be improved. Introduction: Gemcitabine hydrochloride is a first line therapy drug for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, which competes with new generations in the market, with its potential activity. The major physicochemical constraints and pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine hydrochloride such as poor permeability, less half-life, high dose has initiated many researchers to develop diverse modified release dosage forms. Materials and methods: Firstly, development of nanoparticles using chitosan and sodium TPP by ionic gelation method followed by dispersion of the suspended nanoparticles into thermo sensitive in situ gelling system of pluronic F-127 with carbopol 934. Results and discussion: The characterization and evaluation of the nanoparticles and its sol-gel system performed through particle size, zeta potential, TEM, XRD, DSC and other rheological properties like viscosity, gelation temperature and time. The % cumulative drug from optimized PNP’s (CTN7) andin situ gelling system (GIS5) was found to be 72% and 47% respectively after 24 hours. Conclusion: The development of gemcitabine hydrochloride nanoparticles incorporated into gel, used for the treatment of pancreatic cancer was unique and promising system for site specific dual sustained action.
Nutritional Enrichment with Curcumin during Perinatal period Alleviates Metabolic Disorders in The Adult Life
Authors: B M Vijayalaxmi , Gowda K M Damodara , Ullal Harshini
Published: January 2022

Background: The `fetal origins' hypothesis proposes that alterations in fetal nutrition result in a permanent change in physiology and metabolism, thereby predisposing to metabolic disorders in adult life. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), the wonder queen of Indian spice and a nutraceutical was extensively used in Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha for various diseases. Having multiple benefits of Curcumin, we hypothesized that, rats suffered undernutrition during their perinatal period would develop metabolic disorders in their adult life, which would be effectively modulated by Curcumin. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of Curcumin supplementation during perinatal life. Methods: It is an experimental study conducted using a rat model. The animals were divided into six groups. The insulin level was estimated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Plasma glucose and lipid profile by autoanalyzer method. HOMA-IR and AI were calculated. The difference was compared between the groups and within the group was done by one-way ANOVA. The p < 0.05 was considered as the level of significance. Results: The Bodyweight mean Triglyceride, Total cholesterol, LDL-C, Glucose, AI, and HOMA-IR was significantly increased (p=0.0001) in the Perun group, whereas HDL-C and Insulin were significantly decreased (p=0.001) as compared to control animals, which was effectively modulated by Curcumin in the animals of PeriCur group. Conclusion: The present study showed that perinatal undernutrition caused metabolic disorders in adult life and was effectively modulated by Curcumin supplementation during the perinatal period.
Technological advancement: In vitro fertilization (IVF)
Authors: Sharma Dakshita Snud , Sutariya Sandip J , Kaur Harmanpreet , Somani Hitendra A , Gupta Amit
Published: January 2022

Due to its tremendous success ratio of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in India has gained boundless momentum. This is mainly applied and designed pertaining to overcome the infertility ratio and produce or cause a pregnancy which is mainly due to direct intervention. Generally, most of the aspiring parents either from rural or urban areas have taken the aid of IVF to full their desire to have children. IVF is welcoming as it is an extremely safe and result driven procedure. India is slated to be the world’s youngest country by 2020 and this has led India to become more liberal, advanced and there has been a huge change in lifestyle. This technique is more acceptable and recognizable in terms of artificial reproductive procedures. Now a day, IVF success rate is still staggering (nearly $829.5 million till 2023) according to the report of Allied Market Research. Due to its success rate in terms of advanced technologies, various people coming from rural areas also started to opt for this technique i.e. IVF and allied types of procedures (infertility) which is mainly not involved or depending any demographics and socio-economic background of an individual.
Application of natural and modified Polymers in Novel Drug Delivery:
A review
Authors: Murtale Sandip , Goudanavar Prakash , Acharya Ankit , Lokapur Jaytheertha , Chitti R. S. , Moktan Jeet Bahadur
Published: January 2022

Polymers are high molecular weight compounds consisting of monomers which are repeating small units’ offers as a backbone to the macromolecular structure. Natural polymers can be rendered water-soluble by chemical modification have been the subject of extensive technical reviews and original research reports, over the past fifty years. Early interests of natural polymers were associated with the food, paper, leather and textile industries and to a lesser extent, the cosmetics and Pharmaceutical industries. These natural polymers have advantages over synthetic polymers, since these are chemically inert, nontoxic, less expensive, biodegradable and widely available. Natural polymer can also be modified in different ways to obtain tailor made materials for drug-delivery systems and thus can compete with the available synthetic polymer. Moreover, the large number of pharma industry showed their interest towards these naturally derived polymers to discover, extract and purify such compounds from the natural origin. Modified polymers are the potent candidates to be used in various pharmaceutical dosages as a potential candidate for novel drug delivery system (NDDS). Therefore in this review, potential application of modified and non-modified natural polymers in various drug delivery systems has been described.
Penggunaan Penyaring Air Serbaguna Bio-Multi Filter Model Sarang Tawon Sebagai Penjernih Air di Desa Bukit Rawi Kecamatan Kahayan Tengah Kabupaten Pulang Pisau
Authors: Jaya Allan Restu , Kamiana I Made , Suyanto Hendro , Yupi Haiki Mart , Nindito Dwi Anung , Saputra Raden Haryo , Nomeritae
Published: January 2022

Ketersediaan air bersih di pedesaan secara umum, masih dirasakan kurang termasuk di Desa Bukit Rawi, Kecamatan Kahayan Tengah, Kabupaten Pulang Pisau, terutama terkait pemanfaatan sumber daya air yang berasal dari Sungai Kahayan, hal itu disebabkan keadaan air bakunya secara fisik masih terlihat keruh dan berwarna kecokelatan. Oleh karena itu, untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih masyarakat setempat perlu dilakukan upaya agar air bisa lebih baik dan lebih jernih secara fisik khususnya untuk air baku dari Sungai Kahayan, yaitu dengan cara menerapkan teknologi tepat guna berupa Penyaringan Air Serbaguna Bio-Multi Filter Model Sarang Tawon. Dalam rangka ikut membantu terwujudnya air bersih yang baik sehingga mampu meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat, maka sebagai bentuk implementasi Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi, dosen UPR berperan aktif dalam pengabdian kepada masyarakat melalui program penerapan teknologi tepat guna untuk masyarakat dengan memberikan Penyaring Air Serbaguna untuk melindungi masyarakat dari penyakit yang berasal dari air yang dikonsumsi. Target dari pelaksanaan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah masyarakat Desa Bukit Rawi. Metode yang digunakan adalah demonstrasi pembuatan dan pemakaian alat serta serah terima alat sebagai solusi kepada mitra yaitu masyarakat Desa Bukit Rawi. Kesimpulan dari program pengabdian ini dengan adanya pemanfaatan Penyaring Air Serbaguna Bio-Multi Filter Model Sarang Tawon di desa dapat meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat terutama berkaitan dengan tersedianya air yang bersih dan jernih.
Traumatized periosteum: Its histology, viability, and clinical significance.
Authors: Patro Bishnu Prasad , Rath Mahesh , Mohapatra Debahuti , Kumar Patra Saroj , Chandra Sahu Mahesh , Das Gurudip , Sahoo Jagannath
Published: January 2022

The periosteum covers the surface of long bone except at the joints. During fracture fixation, we found the periosteum is ragged and damaged. Our objective is to determine the microscopic picture of traumatized periosteum in terms of the degree of damage, cell type, stromal tissue, and vascularity.

Periosteum of 1cm*1cm is harvested at 1cm, 3cm, and 5cm proximal and distal to fracture site following fracture of a long bone in 20 humans.

Ragged and damaged periosteum mainly consists of an outer fibrous layer with many hemorrhagic tissue and neovascularization. Osteoprogenitor cells were seen only in 12 out of 97 samples, mostly harvested 5 cm from the fracture site.

The innermost layer of the periosteum remains attached to the bone surface after separating the fibrous layer following a fracture. The use of a periosteal elevator on the bone surface further damages the inner layer of the periosteum. Using a scalpel to separate the periosteum or merely pulling it away from the bone surface will decrease damage to the inner cambium layer. Fracture reduction can be achieved by indirect means at least 5 cm away from the fracture site.
Electronic and magnetic proprieties of NiO surfaces from first-principles
Authors: Ali Abdelnabi
Published: January 2022

Density functional theory (DFT) is used to study the electronic and magnetic properties of different surfaces of NiO. The electronic and magnetic properties of forming different surfaces of Nicoles such as (001), (110), (101), and (111) were studied using density functional theory calculations from the first principle used. Our result found that the band gap changed dramatically, and the spin projected density of state changed the dominations of the majority and minority of spin channels around the Fermi level, and the charge density of the bulk and NiO (111) surface is also discussed. However, the magnetic properties observed the increasing and decreasing spin magnetic moments and found significant magnetic moments for O atoms in the NiO (101) slab. These features lead to a surprisingly diverse set of different surface electronic structures. The study observed that DFT + U density functional theory might be a valuable method for high-throughput workflows that require reliable band gap predictions at a moderate computational cost.
Far prioriterer barna! Omsorgspermisjonenes innvirkning på fars tid med barna
Authors: Brandth Berit
Published: January 2022

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Børn – sociale aktører eller sociale konstruktioner? Perspektiver fra caribiske livshistorier
Authors: Olwig Karen Fog
Published: January 2022

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Relationship of Obesity with Mortality in Hospitals among Patients Planned for Coronary Intervention
Authors: Ellahi Soomro Imran , Hassan Butt Muhammad , Aslam Muhammad , Qadir Bhutto Abdul , Khurshed Shaikh Javed , Ahmed Iftikhar
Published: January 2022

Aim: Multiple studies have shown obesity to be related with augmented mortality and morbidity, as well as other cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and hypertension. Therefore, we are investigating the relationship between obesity and in-hospital mortality among patients planned for coronary intervention (PCI). Place and Duration: In the Cardiology department of Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences For Women PUMHSW (SBA) Nawabshah, for one-year duration from July 2020 to July 2021. Methods: 138 patients (69 obese, 69 non-obese) aged 30-70 years were included in the research using a purposive, non-probability sampling technique from the cardiology department. The body mass index of all patients was recorded and patients with BMI above 30 kg / m2 were deliberated as obese, and individuals with BMI less than 30 kg / m2 were deliberated as non-obese. All patients who endured percutaneous coronary intervention were included in the study. Group I comprised of obese and non-obese patients in group II. Results: To determine the obesity relationship with in-hospital mortality among patients planned for coronary intervention (PCI), a total of 138 cases (69 obese and 69 non-obese) were included that met the inclusion / exclusion criteria. When the age grouping was performed, 17.4% (n = 12) of the obese group and 24.6% (n = 17) of the non-obese group were between the ages of 30 and 50, while 82.6% (n = 57) in the obese group and 75. 4% (n = 52) in the non-obese group were 51- 70 years of age, the mean ± SD was calculated as 55.25+8.10 years in the obese group and 57.97+7.52 years in the non-obese group. The mean BMI was calculated as 34.46±4.31 in the obese group and 28.91±5.37 in the non-obese group Conclusion: We concluded that there is no association between obesity and in-hospital mortality in patients enduring coronary intervention (PCI). Keywords: In-hospital mortality, Coronary intervention, non-obese, obese.
Comparitive Evaluation of Inlay Retained and Surface Retained Resin Bonded Fixed Partial Dentures
Authors: Rafique Aamir , Khalid Saira , Shah Asif Ali , Sarwar Naureen , Azeem Muhammad , Hassan Hammad
Published: January 2022

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare the clinical success rate of inlay and surface retained RB-FPDs fabricated with fiber reinforced composite. Material and Methods: This study was performed in Prosthodontic department de`Montmorency college of dentistry. 172 RB-FPDs were completed with two preparation designs having 86 cases in each design (inlay retained and surface retained). Restorations were done on patients for single missing molar surrounded by sound, healthy and well aligned abutments. RB-FPDs were fabricated in zirconium silicate based indirect composite (ceramage) with incorporation of glass fibers (Everstick C&B). Follow up was done after every six months till 18 months. Complications (fracture, debonding, and dislodgment or abutment tooth caries) developed during follow up were recorded and analyzed through SPSS version 17. Results: Overall success rate of 76.9% was observed in both designs of RB-FPDs. P value of 0.190 showed insignificant statistical differences in success rate of two designs however there was a trend towards better performance of inlay retained RBFPDs. Fracture of the framework was most prevalent mode of failure followed by debonding of the restoration. Conclusion: The fiber reinforced RB-FPD is a viable treatment option for replacement of single missing posterior tooth. Keywords: Maryland Bridge, Resin bonded bridges, Resin bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPDs), Minimum preparation bridges