bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trampoline injuries in children
Authors: McDermott C. , Quinlan J. F. , Kelly I. P.
Published: May 2006

We reviewed the records of children referred to our hospital between April and September 2005 who had been injured whilst trampolining.

Of 88 such children there were 33 boys and 55 girls with a mean age of 8 years 6 months (2 years 4 months to 15 years 9 months). Most of the injuries (53; 60%) occurred when bouncing and 34 (39%) were secondary to falls from the trampoline. The cause of injury was unknown in one child. The injured child was supervised in only 35 cases (40%). In 31 (35%) cases, the injury was related to the presence of others on the trampoline. A total of 36 (40%) children required surgery. Fractures of the upper limbs occurred in 62 cases (70%).

Injuries related to the recreational use of trampolines are a significant cause of childhood injury. Our results suggest strongly that there is a need for clear guidelines on safe and responsible use of domestic trampolines.
Oblique pelvic osteotomy in the exstrophy/epispadias complex
Authors: Jones D. , Parkinson S. , Hosalkar H. S.
Published: May 2006

We reviewed retrospectively 45 patients (46 procedures) with bladder exstrophy treated by bilateral oblique pelvic osteotomy in conjunction with genitourinary repair.

The operative technique and post-operative management with or without external fixation are described. A total of 21 patients attended a special follow-up clinic and 24 were interviewed by telephone. The mean follow-up time was 57 months (24 to 108).

Of the 45 patients, 42 reported no pain or functional disability, although six had a waddling gait and two had marked external rotation of the hip. Complications included three cases of infection and loosening of the external fixator requiring early removal with no deleterious effect. Mid-line closure failed in one neonate managed in plaster. This patient underwent a successful revision procedure several months later using repeat osteotomies and external fixation.

The percentage pubic approximation was measured on anteroposterior radiographs pre-operatively, post-operatively and at final follow-up. The mean approximation was 37% (12% to 76%). It varied markedly with age and was better when external fixation was used. The wide range reflects the inability of the anterior segment to develop naturally in spite of close approximation at operation.

We conclude that bilateral oblique pelvic osteotomy with or without external fixation is useful in the management of difficult primary closure in bladder exstrophy, failed primary closure and secondary reconstruction.
The Law Commission's Proposed Restructuring of Homicide
Authors: Rogers Jonathan
Published: May 2006

This article overviews the Law Commission's proposed reforms of homicide with a critical but constructive eye. First and foremost, the article supports the proposed restructuring, recommending only that concrete suggestions be made for the situation when jurors agree upon second degree murder for different reasons. But the Commission's reasons for not considering whether consent to be killed should reduce first degree murder to second degree murder do not stand up to scrutiny and a possible formulation of such a partial defence is examined. Further, the Commission's definition of ‘reckless indifference’ needs to be clarified and suggestions are offered for consideration.
Workforce Modernisation: Implications for the Police Service in England and Wales Evaluating HMIC, 2004 Thematic: Modernising the Police Service
Authors: Loveday Barry
Published: May 2006

This article critically evaluates proposals made within HMIC's 2004 Thematic on modernising the police service. It identifies the significance of these by reference to the more general framework of New Labour's commitment to modernising public services and the implications of this for the police service. It contrasts the response on the part of the police service to the current modernisation programme with that of police associations to the earlier Sheehy Inquiry and Posen Review in the early 1990s. The article assesses the role and status of civilian staff in the police service and draws on comparative data collected by HMIC on the use of such staff in police services around the world. It draws attention to the current use of ‘sworn’ and ‘non-sworn’ officers in a number of police forces abroad which may well provide some insight into the future structure of police services planned for England and Wales. The article thereafter considers the modernisation programme that is currently being piloted within Surrey Police. It considers the potential impact of recent party political competition over police numbers, particularly in relation to any planned reduction in police establishment occasioned by full implementation of Workforce Modernisation within police forces.
Faceless-Oriented Policing: Traditional Policing Theories are Not Adequate in a Cyber World
Authors: Walker Darin , Brock Deon , Stuart T. Ramon
Published: May 2006

This article examines traditional policing theories in a cyber world and defines ‘Faceless-Oriented Policing’ (FOP). FOP policing theory is centred on cyber-world crimes. Many traditional policing theories do not apply when crimes are committed online. FOP has multiple tenets outlining the explanation of policing utilising the internet as a faceless venue to commit crimes and how to investigate these crimes.

Problem-Oriented Policing (POP) and Community-Oriented Policing (COP) are two of the most popular policing theories utilised today in the United States. These strategies, while successful in response to conventional crime, are not easily applied to cyber crimes. Getting close to the community is really not the solution. The visible aspects of much of these offences are absent or drastically altered. In the event that detection is possible, one must contend with the escalation of certain activities online due to the overall perception that they are not detectable.

The internet has not created new vices. It has made many traditional vices more accessible to the general public. If the public can remain anonymous while committing crimes, some people will become more willing to pursue these vices. The internet has also allowed a person to practise these vices around the world rather than in just their own small segment of the world.
Visual culture as a strategic approach to art production in education
Authors: Buhl Mie
Published: May 2006

The concept of visual culture challenges traditional approaches to art production in education. Art education lacks adequate concepts for understanding contemporary productive processes. The article suggests that the theoretical framework for the productive process should be reconsidered.
Visual culture as a strategic approach focuses on conditions surrounding viewing rather than on the substance of aesthetic objects. A new terminology is needed for use in student and teacher dialogue. The article presents a model for teaching art production based on a visual culture approach
to visual arts and mass media. This approach differentiates between and elaborates on ‘dimensions of pictorial logic’, ‘production strategies’, ‘concept thematizing’ and ‘reflexive positioning’.
Titanstraße: a bridge between cultures: a text photo story
Authors: Kettel Joachim
Published: May 2006

This project aimed to engage secondary-school pupils in an experimental open-learning situation. They had to structure the learning process themselves and identify their own artistic strategies and research methods so as to arrive at personal artistic statements. In the intensive, difficult
and painful process of becoming exposed to a strange place, pupils were initially disturbed and/or alienated. This internal and external confrontation triggered exploratory processes in which forgotten places that had been experienced differently were associated with a new place and a new
self open to, contingent upon and increasingly dominated by personal questions and actions. In artistic research it is possible to achieve multiple results through intensive self-reflection, external observation, investigation, documentation and associations. The results are affected by individual
choices in an artistic exploration strategy where methods and knowledge anchored in the pupil's prior understanding are acquired inductively during the process of exploration in a way that resembles scientific research.
Francis Musango: his contribution to art and art education in Uganda
Authors: Kyeyune George
Published: May 2006

This short biography traces the artist and educator Francis Musango's artistic development in his role as an art educator in pre- and post-independence Uganda. Analysing his work over the last 50 years helps us to understand the way in which developments in Ugandan art practice, of which Musango has been an integral part, have reflected the ideological positions of certain mentors.
Enhancing creativity in art education through brainstorming
Authors: Demir Çigdem
Published: May 2006

Enhancing creativity is as important as teaching art and design principles and elements of art. Creativity has to be developed and constantly exercised. The purpose of the research reported in this image text was to experiment with ideas in the literature about creativity in art learning
contexts and new theories about short-term, highly performance-based brainstorming lessons. In this research, brainstorming techniques were used with two different age groups. For the younger students, brainstorming helped them express their ideas quickly and freely. For the university students,
a brainstorming lesson carried out in parallel with practice and theory lessons had a strong effect on their performance in long-term projects. Brainstorming sessions can be useful therefore in keeping creativity alive.
The Fire Fox: a multi-sensory approach to art education in Lapland
Authors: Hiltunen Mirja
Published: May 2006

This article explores ways in which art education in northern border areas and remote rural districts empowers action. The main emphasis is on an integrated art and science project called the ‘The Fire Fox’ that took place in Finnish Lapland, Utsjoki, in March 2004. The
project aims were to extend art into the wider community, develop individual creativity, raise the quality of artistic achievement, strengthen self-esteem and foster shared understanding between people from different cultural backgrounds. The article reports on a series of multidisciplinary
arts workshops where the majority of artworks were made of snow and ice and tied to a particular time and place. There were several organizations involved in the Fire Fox project. This article evaluates the project and takes into account the specific educational needs of the school, other
local parties, participants from outside the Utsjoki municipality and the art students from the University of Lapland. The article concludes that the Fire Fox project provided support for local identities as well as facilitating the development of art-based social innovations inspired by northern
culture.
An ecological approach to art education: environmental aesthetics
Authors: Erzen Jale
Published: May 2006

Art curricula are often linked to the notion of an end product and a prevailing definition and concept of art. These are usually limited by cultural attitudes. This article proposes that a course in environmental aesthetics that gave priority to experiential methods without ignoring
theoretical work on relations between aesthetics, culture and nature would prepare students with the necessary sensitivity and awareness towards perceptual, sensory qualities. The author's claims that students' creativity and imagination have to be activated through sensory perception before
any traditional art techniques or theories can be educationally effective are based on 30 years of teaching such methods.
Applying intertextual method in museum pedagogy: studying portraits as cultural texts at Sinebrychoff Art Museum
Authors: Martina Paatela-Nieminen
Published: May 2006

The power of images today lies in their relations with other texts. I have designed an intertextual method for use in art education research that enables texts, understood as denoting both visual and verbal signs, to be studied in relation to each other (Paatela-Nieminen 1996, 2000).
The aim of the experiment described in this article was to determine whether this method could be applied to art education with young children at a museum. An educational curator at the Sinebrychoff Art Museum in Helsinki tried out the method and primaryschool children studied portraits subjectively
in relation to other kinds of cultural texts. The findings suggest that a simplified form of intertextual method can be applied with young children.
Culture and art education in China
Authors: Chang Ruilun
Published: May 2006

This article discusses the relationship between Chinese culture and fine art education. It briefly introduces ancient Chinese culture and art education, moves to the development of modern Chinese culture and art education and covers the situation as regards Chinese culture and art education
in elementary and secondary schools today. The author also presents his personal beliefs about the basic foundations of fine art education.
Hiddenstream art forms: the bridge between theory and practice
Authors: Anabela Moura , Anglica Lima Cruz
Published: May 2006

At a time when values in mainstream art are being questioned, studying traditional art forms could contribute to Portuguese teachers knowing what these values are in general and, in particular, how they operate in hiddenstream art forms. Art theory and practice in Portugal are still
controlled and guided by an institutional, financial power structure in which women are barely represented. This article reports the findings of researches into clay figurines in Galegos and the teaching of Portuguese patrimony that were underpinned by the desire to engage with multicultural
curriculumreform. As a consequence, we argue that there is a need for extensive reflectionon and debate about the meaning of traditional values and standards throughout Portuguese education, particularly with regard to the unconscious application of social dichotomies such as mainstream and
hiddenstream arts, and that art teacher training needs to play the key role in art educational reform.
An intergenerational examination of Vogue fashion advertisements
Authors: Mary Stokrocki
Published: May 2006

With three participants of different generations, I examine the world of fashion advertising and suggest how teaching can promote new understandings about fashion and identity. Intergenerational analysis of an issue of Vogue magazine revealed what we might call snob appeal, escapist
themes, and unrealistic and unflattering images. Analysis also uncovered preferences for dynamic poses, the basic black swimsuit, classical hats, and revealed conservative middle-class similarities in tastes among participants. Vogue may cater for younger single women, but it also appeals
to the middle-class, Caucasian imagination and male sensuality and has not yet embraced class, gender and cultural differences. Much of what appears is a fictionalized, romantic view. This study problematizes related socio-political issues, such as semiotic differences, the economics and politics
of identity, global tourism, and national image versus global homogeneity. Art teachers need to discuss the uses and abuses of the advertisement world with students of different generations and contexts.
Art education in Chinese primary and secondary schools: Meeting the challenge of Visual Culture
Authors: Hu Zhifan
Published: May 2006

In China today, various images that feature in research into visual culture such as cartoons, TV, films, network games and advertisements are exerting a multifaceted influence on teenagers. Art education in primary and secondary schools is meeting new challenges therefore arising from
conflicts between classical art and popular visual images, foreign culture and local culture, and between traditional art education and visual culture art education. As a result, active measures are being taken in primary and secondary art education to meet the challenges of visual culture.
Empowering Korean pre-service teachers of art
Authors: Paek Kyong-Mi
Published: May 2006

This practitioner inquiry set out to help pre-service art teachers recognize and go beyond the constraints placed on them by pervasive curriculum patterns in conventional Korean teacher preparation. A series of assignments were designed to determine the nature of those constraints and
pre-service teachers' strengths and to facilitate their reflective thinking during an art education course. Whereas the student responses to a preliminary questionnaire reflected limited views of art and art teaching, analysis of a sample of assignments at the end of the course indicated significant
changes of beliefs and attitudes and potential for further growth; and highlighted potential curriculum content for inclusion in Korean art education.
Integrating human rights and the visual arts: a peace education summer project for Israeli and Palestinian students
Authors: Colman Alison
Published: May 2006

This paper describes the author's role as an artist/art educator-in-residence at three peace and human rights education summer camps for Israeli and Palestinian teenagers. More specifically, it discusses how the camps' collaborative art making activity, the creation of a large-scale
mural, contributed to the larger goal of teaching the students about human rights and facilitating interaction in a supportive environment. The paper also provides a context for the camps by briefly outlining approaches to peace and human rights education, with an emphasis on Allport's (1954)
contact theory. The concluding discussion elaborates upon future directions for the camp murals and mural-related activities regarding their potential for further integrating human rights education with collaborative art making.
Lourdes Portillo's Seorita Extraviada: hegemonic power, gender and murder (feminicidio) in the Mexican-US frontera
Authors: Miles Adetty Prez
Published: May 2006

Lourdes Portillo's Seorita Extraviada (2000) is a riveting investigation that tells the story of the hundreds of raped, murdered, and missing young women of Jurez - a Mexican-US border city. This subversive documentary unravels binational and bicultural hegemonic power that,
by omission or complicity, licenses and tolerates violence against women, including massive homicide (femicide/feminicidio). I argue that this film is a significant lens through which to pose important questions about transnational neocolonial encounters, gender discrimination, and
patriarchal discourses in the Mexican-US borderlands. Moreover, it functions pedagogically to forge participatory relationships between the artists and the community. In so doing, it opens up spaces for educators who seek to counter subordination of peoples and support critical, feminist,
and decolonizing perspectives to develop art content. This film can be used to engage students in a form of critical pedagogy that mobilizes their participation in social change.
The gaze and image manipulation: Philosophies, pedagogies and arts practice
Authors: Mackey Kathy , Nash Graham
Published: May 2006

The potential of manipulated photographic images for synthesizing and integrating creative responses is enormous. Issues of truth and non-truth in lens based arts practice resonate strongly with students and the coexistence of visual, semiotic and technological literacies provides new
challenges for upper secondary and tertiary educators in photography, art, film and television. This visual text by two Australian secondary school arts educators explores some of these issues in relation to the work of an Australian photo-media artist. It is underpinned by Sontag and Feury's
theories of the photographic gaze.
Book Reviews
Authors: Forsman Acci , Haanstra Folkert
Published: May 2006

Learning to look at Modern Art, Mary Acton (2004) London: Taylor and Francis, 384 pp., ISBN 0-415-23811-0 (hbk), 55.00; ISBN 0-415-23812-9 (pbk), 15.99

Art Practice as Research: Inquiry in the Visual Arts, Graeme Sullivan (2005) Thousand Oaks, CA/London:
Sage Publications, 265 pp., ISBN 1412905362 (pbk), 42.95/33.00
Diversity, localism and the public interest: the politics of assessing media performance
Authors: Howley Kevin
Published: May 2006

During the summer of 2003, the Federal Communication Commission conducted a biennial review of media ownership regulations. This review process, mandated by the US Congress under the terms of the 1996 Telecommunication Act, assesses the efficacy of current regulations limiting television
and radio ownership, as well as cross-ownership of newspapers and broadcast stations, in serving the public interest. These questions rest on the ability of policy-makers to assess two distinct, but related aspects of media performance: diversity and localism.
The cultural politics of minority language media
Authors: Cormack Mike
Published: May 2006

Minority language media are increasingly being recognized as an important area of study. This article looks at what might be made in favour of such media - arguments that would be convincing not just for people committed to minority languages, but also to the broader population of speakers of other languages. Three arguments are developed. The first is from economics, the second is based on human rights, and the third concerns cultural ecology. Within these, and in their cumulative power, lies a convincing demonstration not just of the necessity of media in minority languages, but also concerning their importance to speakers of other, more populated languages. The situation of Gaelic in Scotland is described as an example of how these arguments might apply in the case of a specific threatened language, and finally the position of minority languages within the postmodern and globalizing world is considered. It is shown that, rather than being part of any outmoded world-views, minority languages fit very comfortably into the new global situation.
Transindustrialism and synergy: structural supports for decreasing diversity in commercial culture
Authors: Meehan Eileen R.
Published: May 2006

In the United States, neo-conservatives began legalizing transindustrial media conglomerates under the Reagan Administration in the 1980s. Subsequent Administrations have ‘stayed the course’ by further deregulating broadcasting/cable services, retreating from any enforcement
of anti-trust law, and defunding governmental services (Streeter 1996; Tillinghast 2000). By withdrawing governmental entities from the oligopolized markets for network television, television and cable programmes, cable channels, cable system ownership, and satellite services, neo-conservatives
claim that they ‘let the market decide’ how those industries ought to be organized. With this appeal to Adam Smith’s market model, they gloss over the fact that, at the national level, these were oligopolistic markets whose very existence depended on federal laws and regulations.
The market place of ideas? Global implications of market-driven US media
Authors: Demaske Chris
Published: May 2006

Well-known examples of how media owners manipulated coverage of the war during the first six months include Cumulus Media’s edict that its radio stations broadcast only pro-war stories; the firing of Peter Arnett by NBC because of one of his broadcasts from Iraq; and MSNBC’s
cancelling of the Phil Donahue Show because the network believed the show would be a conduit for the liberal anti-war agenda. Lesser-known examples of ownership interference in war-related coverage have occurred throughout the United States at smaller media outlets, where reporters have been
fired, demoted, or otherwise reprimanded for participating in anti-war activities on their own time (FAIR 2003).
Informationalism and media labour
Authors: Sholle David
Published: May 2006

The central idea of ‘informationalism’ is that we are entering into a totally new epoch, which will fundamentally change the very nature of human existence. The impetus for this new epoch is the ‘bit’, the element that forges the continually evolving digital
revolution which will change every human individual and social relation. This revolution is viewed as a fundamentally progressive force which will overturn the dominant forms of social organization that currently exist. Elements of this view can be seen in a diversity of sources from Gilder
(2000) and Kelly (1995) to Castells (2000) and Levinson (1999). Pushed to its extreme, this position envisions that the information revolution will democratize all parts of society, create infinite diversity and satisfaction of needs, demolish oppressive political institutions,
and bring about an economic revolution in which everyone everywhere will have unlimited access to information and thus the ability to produce their own products (since knowledge replaces the means of production as the centre of capitalist relations). The notion that we now live in an ‘information
society’ suggests that there has been a fundamental shift in the nature of capitalism. At its extreme this view claims that capitalism is fading and being replaced by ‘informationalism’.
‘War talk’ engendering terror: race, gender and representation in Canadian print media
Authors: Jiwani Yasmin
Published: May 2006

Discourses of war centre on the objectification of the enemy and utilize Manichean oppositions to promote an explanation of events which make ‘common sense’ (Cooke and Woollacott 1993). In the aftermath of the events of September 11, 2001, with the collapse of the World
Trade Center towers in New York City, those discourses assumed a heightened Orientalist mantle, coloured by the geographic, religious and cultural nature of the perceived enemy. In this short essay, I examine how the news media, and in particular, print media, covered the events of September
11, 2001.1 My focus is on the Canadian print media - The Gazette, a Montreal English daily, and The Globe and Mail, one of Canada’s two national papers. Both these papers play a pivotal role in shaping the ‘imagined community’ (Anderson 1983) that is Quebec
and Canada, but more importantly, both are highly influential in shaping policy towards immigrants and cultural minority groups in the provincial and national landscape (Fleras and Kunz 2001). The analysis that follows is undoubtedly influenced by my standpoint (Durham 1998), as a woman, a
Canadian of immigrant origins and as Muslim - a religious affiliation rendered salient because of its shared character with that of the ‘enemy’. In the sections that follow, I pay particular attention to the issue of gender - how it underpins, informs and shapes the discourses
of war and how in so doing, it engenders terror such that the latter assumes a specific type of fear with differential repercussions for women and men.
Modelling the audience marketplace
Authors: Sullivan John L.
Published: May 2006

Philip M. Napoli’s book is a broad and systematic analysis of the many economic factors that shape the business of measuring audiences for use in financial transactions in the broadcast, cable, and online industries in the United States. At first glance, then, Audience Economics
appears to boldly go where many scholars have gone before. Indeed, a number of seminal works have explored the processes by which media institutions conduct research about the audience and process this information into commodified abstractions which often bear little resemblance to actual
viewers (e.g. Ang 1991; Ettema and Whitney 1994; Gitlin 1983; Meehan 1984, 1990, 1993; Turow 1997; Webster and Phalen 1997). Summing up the thrust of much of this critique, Ang (1991) aptly described the notion of television audiences generated by media industries as little more than ‘taxonomic
collectives’; intangible groups of individuals brought together simply by virtue of their simultaneous attention to the same audio-visual source.
Reflections on religion, media and the marketing of America’s wars
Authors: Switzer Les , Ryan Michael
Published: May 2006

The international Christian community was celebrating World Communion Day on Sunday October 7, 2001, when the United States started bombing Afghanistan. The religious significance of this political event was not lost on many Americans – on the day when Christians throughout the
world take communion in a symbolic act of unity and peace. Three years later, Americans are fighting two traditional wars and one non-traditional war. Clearly, the non-traditional war, the war against terrorism, is going badly - in part because the traditional wars in Afghanistan and Iraq
have helped create conditions favourable to terrorism. Terrorists have skilfully created and exploited images in which Americans appear to engage in state-sanctioned terror.
Media, power and performativity
Authors: Jayyusi Lena
Published: May 2006

The contemporary moment is one of profound risk, and profound import. We have come to live in a unipolar world, where one remaining superpower has the capacity to wield enormous wealth and military force simultaneously, and to penetrate the material and symbolic spaces of the greater
part of the globe, without as yet effective challenge. The hallmark of the contemporary global order, under the flagship of the American imperium, is the conjuncture of these elements with the will to intervene and the claim to right, all waved under the banner of freedom and human prosperity,
yet actually embedded in a matrix of capitalist accumulation and an insatiable search for profit by corporate conglomerates. There is perhaps a new/old imperial story here. Yet, within the present landscape, the power to mediate knowledge and meaning, to shape imaginaries and provide authoritative
frames for affect and opinion, especially within the centres and the sites of influence of capitalist global flows, becomes critical. The peril of the moment resides precisely in the nature of the confluence between the cultural and the political: between mediated cultural production now itself
corporatized and globally disseminated, and militarized politics, both articulations of different forms of power, now effectively interlocking through the deployment of the self-same technological advances, and converging to press specific clusters of corporate and state interests.
Why ‘media’, ‘culture’ and ‘politics’ – and why now?
Authors: Sarikakis Katharine , Ross Karen , Blain Neil
Published: May 2006

MCP’s first edition was being put together for publication in the last week of the American presidential election of 2004, during which (in the world’s ‘greatest democracy’) political sound-bite length had dropped to a reported seven seconds, much of the US electorate
was about to base its decision on the ‘fact’ that Iraq had been involved in the destruction of the Twin Towers in 2001, and both US presidential candidates had attracted unparalleled quantities of campaign funds (poured almost entirely into the media battle for supremacy) from
the immensely powerful interest groups which bankroll American presidents and many other political representatives, and whose dominance of policy has required to be obscured within media-borne mythic constructions of ‘evil empires’ and ‘global terrorism’.
When global media don’t ‘play ball’: the exportation of coercion
Authors: Paterson Chris
Published: May 2006

The face of journalism has changed massively as a result of the 2001 attacks in the United States and that nation’s self-styled ‘war on terrorism’. Those changes have been chronicled in recent collections,1 and more will surely follow, but I would like to use this
journal debut to describe a ‘post 9/11’ phenomenon simultaneously too veiled and too hegemonic to have received much notice from academy or industry commentators. While American and British ruling elites2 are exercising unprecedented control over international representations of
their policies, analysis of the systematic ‘new spin’ is sparse. The new propaganda and coercion are clearly integral to US foreign policy, but the extent to which they are coordinated and sanctioned is often unclear; less ambiguous is how brutally effective they have become.
Manufacturing consent: mediated sporting spectacle and the cultural politics of the ‘War on Terror’
Authors: Falcous Mark , Silk Michael
Published: May 2006

Within the voluminous range of popular and academic commentaries interrogating the cultural politics of ‘post 9/11 America’, observations on the role of the US corporate media in echoing, and indeed amplifying, political doctrines following the non-stateterror attacks of
September 11, 2001 are prominent. In the immediate aftermath of 9/11, key themes of media discourse included public mobilization through jingoistic icons and ‘war’ rhetoric; the vilification of culprits; omissions of reference to alternative culpable agents; exceptional support
for President Bush and the political administration; neglect or manipulation of history to eliminate information that might undermine support for the ‘War on Terror’; the uncritical acceptance of ‘official’ interpretations; and, strategies of censorship and intimidation
of media dissenters (Boyd-Barrett 2003). Crucially, the partisan role of the media in expressing outrage and preparing the public for retribution was veiled in the rhetoric of impartiality. For Boyd-Barrett (2003) the media role was one of ‘foreclosing doubt’ concerning understandings
and explanations of events. These constructions within agenda-establishing corporate media were, and continue to be, significant in the framing of responses to the horrific terror acts.
Media, expression and a new politics: eight theses
Authors: Angus Ian
Published: May 2006

The study of communication begins with the separation between philosophy and rhetoric, that is, between the content of a message and its persuasive effect. Prior to the separation between a truth-content and a persuasive effect, an expression is an event that both establishes a truth and provokes an effect. In such a condition there is no concept of a medium of communication but only a meaningful and effective world constructed through events. The separation between philosophy and rhetoric divides truth from politics and sets up a long history of their conflict. The convergence of philosophy and rhetoric in the twentieth century signifies the event whereby this separation is being re-encountered and shifted. Understanding this event is the first step toward encountering the coming event of the media world.
Rethinking television: Alexander Kluge’s cultural magazine programmes
Authors: Forrest Tara
Published: May 2006

as a prominent member of the New German Cinema) has been actively involved in the production of a number of experimental programmes for German television. Constructed, in a similar vein to his films, out of a highly diverse collection of materials (including photographs, drawings, diagrams,
clips from movies, and documentary footage) Kluge’s 10 vor 11 (10 to 11), News and Stories, Mitternachtsmagazin (Midnight Magazine), and Primetime Spätausgabe (Prime Time Late Edition) are - in both their form and content - certainly
unlike anything else on German television.
Sloterdijk's theory of cynicism, ressentiment and ‘horizontal communication’
Authors: Halsall Robert
Published: May 2006

This article attempts to bring the work of the German philosopher and cultural theorist Peter Sloterdijk to a wider audience in the English-speaking world. The article makes the case for Sloterdijk's ideas being an important contribution to the analysis and critique of contemporary
culture, in particular to the diagnosis of cynicism, the position of the intellectual or critic, and the nature of communication in relation to the distinction between ‘high’ and ‘mass’ culture. The article firstly discusses Sloterdijk's analysis of contemporary cynicism
as ‘enlightened false consciousness’ and distinguishes this from gestural critique, or ‘kynicism’. This is then related to the decline of enlightening communication and to what Sloterdijk calls the ‘self-abdication’ of the critical intellectual. In the second
part of the article, Sloterdijk's analysis of cynicism is related to communication, in particular to the replacement of ‘vertical’ communication, communication that seeks to make distinctions in cultural value, by ‘horizontal’ communication, which does not. The replacement
of ‘vertical’ by ‘horizontal’ communication is then related to Nietzsche's idea of ressentiment, which Sloterdijk sees as evident in contemporary culture.
Local modes of practice in an age of globalization: renegotiating national identity as enacted in South Korean advertising
Authors: Ryoo Woongjae
Published: May 2006

This article examines broad discursive strategies as exemplified in South Korean advertising and how those meanings are produced within contemporary Korean society through cultural production and everyday practices. The central theme of this article is to discover the possibility of
resistance and negotiation through the production and consumption of popular culture and to discover the field of cultural interpretations that are not yet integrated in the global market system and global culture. This article suggests that cultural power and autonomy are crucial in this
age of globalization. One role of media representations in the process of constructing and articulating the national identity of South Korea is to make public those specific processes of negotiation and indigenization involving tensions between Korean identity and western influence. I argue
that media (ads) can be central to this activity.
Reviews
Authors: Wilkins Karin Gwinn , Yacowar Maurice , Cushion Stephen
Published: May 2006

Development and Communication in Africa, Charles C. Okigbo and Festus Eribo (eds), (2003) Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 264 pp., ISBN 074252745X (hbk), $79.00; ISBN 0742527468 (pbk), $32.95

Vera Drake
(Mike Leigh, 2004),
Alfie

(Lewis Gilbert, 1966), and
Alfie
(Charles Shyer, 2004)

Media, Politics and the Network Society, Robert Hassan, (2003) Buckingham: Open University Press, 172 pp., ISBN 0335213154 (pbk), £16.99
Change my cultural coloring again: anti-colonial identities in Octavia E. Butler's feminist science fiction
Authors: Melzer Patricia
Published: May 2006

This article explores how the literature of the African American writer Octavia Butler elucidates the intersections of several political and cultural movements/phenomena: black women's writing, anti-colonial and feminist discourses, and western science fiction (SF). I relate Butler's
writing to Carole Boyce Davies' theory of black women's migratory subjectivity', as well as to Mae Gwendolyn Henderson's notion of black women's writing as a reflection of simultaneity of discourses. Butler's work mirrors Davies' theory that black women's writing is crucial in understanding
how women negotiate identities in the context of migration and colonial displacement. In her complex narratives of extraterrestrial displacement and colonized people, Butler explores the idea of an identity based in elsewhere as a creation of resistance to Eurocentric and US-centered domination.
I love myself when I am dancing and carrying on: refiguring the agency of black women's creative expression in Jamaican Dancehall culture
Authors: Bakare-Yusuf Bibi
Published: May 2006

This paper develops an account of black women's contribution to the development and continuity of Jamaican Dancehall culture. It focuses on what lies beyond a view dominated by oppression or a male viewpoint. I explore how lower class women bring creative expressions to bear on their
experience of pain, negation and oppression, by insisting on the priority of their body's erotic agency. Through a combination of place, corporeal practices and imaginative display of the body, I suggest that existential pain is eroticized, re-membered and re-figured as joy. Rather than studying
the lyrical content of deejays or the activities of men (which has dominated the debate on the culture) I attempt to write black women into the history of Dancehall culture and at the same time show how as active agents they pose a radical challenge to the puritanical bourgeois logic and accepted
ideas of femininity pervasive in Jamaican society.
To erect above the ruined auction-block institutions of learning: race-women, industrial education, and the artifacts of nation-making in the Jim Crow South
Authors: Nieves Angel David
Published: May 2006

Racial uplift became an acceptable forum for women's activism at the end of the nineteenth century only after women had endured for years the dual biases of racial and gender discrimination, both from within the Black community and from without. African American women's educational
reform efforts were a primary force in creating a Black nationalist forum during the 1890s through the design and construction of normal and industrial schools in the South. This article contends that these women reformers were in fact modelling a kind of political architecture through the
building of these race-based educational landscapes. Elizabeth Evelyn Wright, founder of the Voorhees Industrial School in Denmark, South Carolina, used the built environment as a political vehicle for communicating the collective needs of the race while establishing a social countermovement
as Black Victorians. Wright saw education not only as a remedy for years of chattel slavery but also as a way of expanding the limited role of women in the often male-dominated process of Black community building through space-making. African American women were uniquely aware of the spatial
power their social welfare institutions had in the making of what were radical agendas for social change and collective race-based advancement.
Reviews
Authors: Park David W , Taub-Pervizpour Lora , Biressi Anita , Harb Zahera
Published: May 2006

Exploring Media Discourse, Myra Macdonald (2003) London: Arnold, 224 pp., ISBN 0340719885 (hbk), 40.00; ISBN 0340719893 (pbk), 14.99

Big media, big money: Cultural texts and political economics, Bettig, R. & Hall, J. (2003) Lanham, MD: Rowman &
Littlefield, 192 pp., ISBN 0742511294 (hbk), $65.00; ISBN 0742511308 (pbk), $24.95

Staging the Real: Factual TV Programming in the Age of Big Brother, Richard Kilborn (2003) Manchester: Manchester University Press, 209 pp., ISBN 0719056810 (hbk), $74.95
(45.00); ISBN 071905682 (pbk), $24.95 (11.99)

Politics and Propaganda: Weapons of mass seduction, Nicholas Jackson O'Shaughnessy (2004) Manchester: Manchester University Press, 264 pp., ISBN 0719068525 (hbk), 55.00; ISBN 0719068533 (pbk), 14.99
The audience politics of enhanced television formats
Authors: Nightingale Virginia , Dwyer Tim
Published: May 2006

In this paper, we look beyond the textual implications of programmes where the audience has an on-screen role and consider the practice of television programme enhancement through voting, and the provision of spin-off products for mobile phone audiences. While creating options for audience engagement that are increasingly personalized and customized, enhanced television programmes engage in a neo-liberal rhetoric that erases the distinction between consumer and citizen. The juxtaposition of consumer and citizen is used to motivate television voting. Increasingly the programmes resort to the use of tactics that mirror party political electioneering to gain publicity and arouse public interest in the programmes. These tactics result in additional revenue for the telephone service provider, the broadcaster, the production company and for the vote processing company. While the jargon of nationalism aids the assimilation of global formats (Waisbord 2004), it is argued that participation in interactive television voting should be recognized as a commercial transaction, that the television hosts are salespeople for interactive services devised for voting, and that their rhetoric is predominantly a technique of persuasion aimed at motivating audiences to watch the programme and to lodge votes.
Mediating spaces: some considerations on the spaces of large-scale art exhibitions
Authors: Cramerotti Alfredo
Published: May 2006

Large-scale temporary art exhibitions such as biennials present special characteristics which in turn illuminate broader questions of art practice, curatorship and cultural management, as well as cultural and social affect. This article considers the third Berlin biennale for
contemporary art, focusing its initial discussion on questions of exhibition space including hub forms that attempt to break from conventional art-viewing practices. The article further considers the relationship of specific exhibition sites with prior social, cultural and economic histories
to the reception of art, inquiring what is at stake in the semiological management of sites of representation, with particular focus on three Berlin locations. Contrasting neo-liberal approaches to large exhibitions structured as commodities in major sites such as the Palais de Tokyo in Paris
or London's Tate Modern, with less consumerist and more participative approaches, the analysis considers alternatives to current practice on the part of cultural managers and curators, and debates what is at stake for cultural politics in developing modes of art practice and exhibition.
Working Title Mark II: a critique of the Atlanticist paradigm for British cinema
Authors: Wayne Michael
Published: May 2006

This essay explores the economic and cultural subordination of British cinema to Hollywood. In particular it analyses how the subsidiary mode of corporate organization allows Hollywood to drill down into national and regional cultures and talent. It offers a case study of Working Title,
a nominally British company and Billy Elliott to show how the subsidiary mode works and with what culturally detrimental effects.
The politics of appellation in the web of broadcasting in Nigeria
Authors: Udeajah Ray
Published: May 2006

Every person, place, or thing has a significant name by which the individual is known and identified. Appellation is simply a system of names. In this article, the author presents a comprehensive analysis of the spectrum of appellation in the broadcasting industry of Nigeria. Observations
of development in Nigeria's various states were complemented with data gleaned from radio, television and the Internet. The findings indicate that political realities play a predominant role in determining the call sign of each broadcasting station in Nigeria.