bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How much organic carbon have UK lakes stored in the Holocene? A preliminary estimate
Authors: Du Mengyao , Jones Vivienne J , van Hardenbroek Maarten , Matthews Louisa , Ji Kejia
Published: March 2023

Temperate lake sediments store a substantial amount of organic carbon (OC) over millennia. Despite the importance of quantifying terrestrial carbon budgets for Nature-based Solutions, the long-term accumulation of OC in European temperate lakes is poorly constrained. In this study, we analyzed 30 lake sediment records to generate a preliminary first-order estimate of Holocene OC accumulation rate (OCAR) and OC storage in UK lakes. We also examined the environmental variables that influence OCAR and produced synthesized Holocene records of %OC and z-scores of log-transformed OCAR and sediment accumulation rate (SAR) at 500-year resolution. Based on our estimation, we report an average Holocene OCAR of 7.4 ± 5.5 g C m−2 yr−1 and a Holocene total OC storage of 0.24 ± 0.18 Pg C in UK lakes. Apart from latitude, no relationship was found between the average Holocene OCAR and the various environmental variables (i.e. temperature, precipitation, surface area, catchment area, depth, altitude, and geology type). During the Holocene, OCAR closely resembles variations in SAR, whereas the increase in %OC is likely explained by the warming climate. Early Holocene variations in OCAR were primarily climate-driven. In contrast, the anthropogenic impact on the landscape exerted a predominant influence on OC burial during the middle-late Holocene. Our results improve the current understanding of terrestrial carbon budgets in the UK and demonstrate the under-appreciated importance of lakes as long-term OC stores.
Illiberal Versus Externally Fomented growth model readjustment: post-GFC state aid in the EU’s semi-periphery
Authors: Éltető Andrea , Medve-Bálint Gergő
Published: March 2023

Most foreign capital-led, export-oriented Eastern EU member states and the consumption-driven Southern European countries suffered a heavy blow during the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) in 2008–09. The GFC exposed the vulnerability of these economies to external shocks and raised the need for readjustment of their growth models through state intervention. While the rise of illiberal governments drove readjustment in the East, the main driver was externally fomented in the South. This article focuses on state aid, a particular instrument of industrial policy, which has been a main vehicle for growth model readjustment. We seek to explore whether the provision of state aid in the two European semi-peripheries contributes to long-term post-crisis recovery by promoting competitive investments in two Eastern (Hungary and Poland) and two Southern EU members (Portugal and Spain). Relying on the European Commission’s state aid database, we show that after 2013, in the consumption-driven South, governments aimed to strengthen supply through aid, while in the export-oriented East, they were more concerned about promoting exporting firms. The article thus reveals how state aid may preserve and reinforce existing growth models in the semi-periphery even if strategic aims and rhetoric target readjustment.
Mapping Real-World Use of the Onion Router
Authors: Ghazi-Tehrani Adam K.
Published: March 2023

Since its inception, The Onion Router (TOR) has been discussed as an anonymizing tool used for nefarious purposes. Past scholarship has focused on publicly available lists of onion URLs containing illicit or illegal content. The current study is an attempt to move past these surface-level explanations and into a discussion of actual use data; a multi-tiered system to identify real-world TOR traffic was developed for the task. The researcher configured and deployed a fully functioning TOR “exit” node for public use. A Wireshark instance was placed between the node and the “naked” internet to collect usage data (destination URLs, length of visit, etc.), but not to deanonymize or otherwise unmask TOR users. For 6 months, the node ran and collected data 24 hr per day, which produced a data set of over 4.5 terabytes. Using Python, the researcher developed a custom tool to filter the URLs into human-readable form and to produce descriptive data. All URLs were coded and categorized into a variety of classifications, including e-commerce, banking, social networking, pornography, and cryptocurrency. Findings reveal that most TOR usage is rather benign, with users spending much more time on social networking and e-commerce sites than on those with illegal drug or pornographic content. Likewise, visits to legal sites vastly outnumber visits to illegal ones. Although most URLs collected were for English-language websites, there were a sizable amount for Russian and Chinese sites, which may demonstrate the utilization of TOR in countries where internet access is censored or monitored by government actors. Akin to other new technologies which have earned bad reputations, such as file-sharing program BitTorrent and intellectual property theft or cryptocurrency Bitcoin and online drug sales, this study demonstrates that TOR is utilized by offenders and non-offenders alike.
An Assessment of Cryptomixing Services in Online Illicit Markets
Authors: Holt Thomas J. , Lee Jin R. , Griffith Elizabeth
Published: March 2023

The internet has become a popular marketplace for the sale of illicit products, including stolen personal information, drugs, and firearms. Many of these products are acquired using cryptocurrencies, which are generally defined as forms of digital currency that is traceable through blockchain ledger technology. These currencies are thought to be more secure than other forms of digital payment, though law enforcement and financial service providers have found ways to investigate account holders and their transactions. Consequently, several service providers have begun to offer cryptomixing services, which effectively launders payments to circumvent detection and investigation tools. Few have explored the practices of cryptomixing services, or the ways in which they are marketed on the Open and Dark Web. This inductive qualitative analysis will examine a sample of 18 cryptomixing services advertised on both the Open and Dark Web to better understand cryptomixing and its role in facilitating illicit transactions across the internet.
The Dark Web: What Is It, How to Access It, and Why We Need to Study It
Authors: Ngo Fawn T. , Marcum Catherine , Belshaw Scott
Published: March 2023

The dark web is a subsection of the deep web that conventional search engines cannot index. As an encrypted network of websites, the dark web can only be accessed using special browsers such as Tor. Tor, formerly an acronym for “The Onion Router,” is a free and open-source software intended to protect the personal privacy of its users and keep their internet activities unmonitored. While the dark web is known for both legitimate and illegitimate purposes, it remains notorious for facilitating illegal and deviant activities ranging from drug dealing to child pornography, human trafficking, arms dealing, and extremist recruitment. Accordingly, researching and understanding the dark web is a critical and essential step in fighting and preventing cybercrime. However, studying the dark web poses unique challenges. This special issue seeks to provide a platform for researchers and criminologists to share and discuss research designs and methods that help shed light on the actual activity going on in the dark web’s shadowy realms.
Online Learning: Engaging Families Using Culturally Relevant Pedagogy
Authors: Bolander Elizabeth C.
Published: March 2023

Students with disabilities are choosing to engage in remote schooling. Families of children with disabilities may never set foot in a physical school building. Yet, it is important for families to feel connected to their child’s education and the school community. This column discusses strategies based in culturally relevant pedagogy to engage parents of students with disabilities who are learning remotely. Strategies can be applied to families of all students with disabilities, but a focus is placed on families of students with a learning disability. Educators can facilitate culturally relevant practices that (a) establish effective, culturally honoring two-way communication with families online, (b) connect families to necessary resources that are typically provided when children attend a physical school building, and (c) encourage social ties between families to raise critical consciousness.
It’s the Little Things in Life: An Examination of Hassles, Mindfulness, and Counterproductive Behaviors
Authors: Gupta Alisha , Reina Christopher S.
Published: March 2023

Despite longstanding interest in the work-life interplay, little research exists exploring the role of non-work/non-family related stressors (i.e., hassles) on work processes and how individuals may cope with such stressors. In this paper, we test the effects of hassles on counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs). Drawing on the work-home resources model, we propose that the experience of hassles contributes to higher levels of CWBs by depleting energetic resources which leads to emotional exhaustion. Further, we suggest that mindfulness serves as a protective resource that can buffer against engagement in CWBs associated with exhaustion. We employ three studies—first a pilot study using an experience sampling method design ( N = 205) to explore within-person variation in the proposed relationships. We next conduct a construct validation study of the non-work/non-family hassles construct ( N = 293), and then utilize this validated scale in our third study which was a time-lagged, between-person study ( N = 161). Analyses generally support our predictions that the indirect effect of hassles on CWBs through emotional exhaustion is contingent on mindfulness such that it is stronger when individuals are less mindful. Together, these findings suggest that individuals who experience more hassles feel higher levels of exhaustion, making them more susceptible to engaging in negative behaviors at work. Higher levels of mindfulness, however, play a protective role in deterring individuals from acting out their negative feelings in counterproductive ways.
Author’s reply to the commentaries: Clearing up misunderstandings about the course-of-experience framework and laying the groundwork for future discussions
Authors: Poizat Germain , Flandin Simon , Theureau Jacques
Published: March 2023

In the context of this special issue on the course-of-experience framework, we were fortunate to receive far-reaching commentaries from a wide variety of disciplines including enaction, phenomenology, ecological psychology, ecological dynamics, cognitive anthropology and archaeology and the philosophy of mind. The result is an extraordinarily rich set of reflections that critically engage in debate and lay the groundwork for future discussions and empirical research. In this reply, the authors try to highlight the originality of the course-of-experience framework, which is not yet widely known but has the potential to offer a breakthrough in the present-day international ecological-enactive mainstream and an alternative to (Husserlian) phenomenologically inspired enactivist approaches. They also try to set things right concerning the critical dimensions of cognitive ecology, such as the role of material and ‘others’ that they didn’t mention in their original article (in view of the objectives pursued).
Anisometric Cell/Dysplastic Lipomas in a Retinoblastoma Survivor: Report of a Case with Review of the Literature
Authors: Malik Faizan , Cooper Kumarasen
Published: March 2023

Different authors have recently described a subtype of lipoma characterized by variation of adipocyte size, single cell fat necrosis, and a subset with minimal to mild nuclear atypia, and termed these as anisometric cell/dysplastic lipoma (AC/DL). These lipomas follow a benign course and rarely recur. In 3 examples, AC/DL has occurred in patients with childhood retinoblastoma (RB). We report another such example where multiple AC/DL occurred in the neck and back of a 30-year-old male who had germline RB1 gene deletion and bilateral RB in infancy. On excision, all tumors histologically showed similar morphology of adipocyte anisometry, focal single cell necrosis with surrounding binucleated or multinucleated histiocytes, hyperchromatic and minimally atypical lipocyte nuclei, vacuolated Lockhern change, rare foci of fibromyxoid change, occasional mononuclear cell clusters around capillaries, and loss of RB1 immunostaining. Unequivocal atypical cells, lipoblasts, floret-nucleated or multinucleated giant cells were absent. Molecular analysis of tumor cells showed monoallelic RB1 gene loss without amplification of MDM2 and CDK4 genes. Short-term follow up did not show tumor recurrence. AC/DLs in RB survivors are characterized by multiplicity, unifying histology, and benign course. Their biology appears distinct from ordinary lipomas, spindle cell lipomas, and atypical lipomatous tumors.
Social Determinants of Health: Associations Between Dichotomous Versus Dimensional Scores, Neuropsychological Test Performance, and Psychiatric Symptoms
Authors: Shields Allison N. , Chang Fini , DeBoer Adam B. , Ka Yin Tse Phoebe , Wisinger Amanda M. , Basurto Karen S. , Bing-Canar Hanaan , Khan Humza , Lapitan-Moore Franchezka , Stocks Jane K. , Pliskin Neil H. , Song Woojin , Soble Jason R. , Resch Zachary J.
Published: March 2023

This study examined the utility of dichotomous versus dimensional scores across two measures of social determinants of health (SDOH) regarding their associations with cognitive performance and psychiatric symptoms in a mixed clinical sample of 215 adults referred for neuropsychological evaluation ( Mage = 43.91, 53.5% male, 44.2% non-Hispanic White). Both dimensional and dichotomous health literacy scores accounted for substantial variance in all cognitive outcomes assessed, whereas dimensional and dichotomous adverse childhood experience scores were significantly associated with psychiatric symptoms. Tests of differences between correlated correlations indicated that correlations with cognitive and psychiatric outcomes were not significantly different across dimensional versus dichotomous scores, suggesting that these operationalizations of SDOH roughly equivalently characterize risk of poorer cognitive performance and increased psychiatric symptoms. Results highlight the necessity of measuring multiple SDOH, as different SDOH appear to be differentially associated with cognitive performance versus psychiatric symptoms. Furthermore, results suggest that clinicians can use cut-scores when characterizing patients’ risk of poor cognitive or psychiatric outcomes based on SDOH.
Autoethnographers as Freedom-Writers?
Authors: Francis Badley Graham
Published: March 2023

In this reaction to the attack on Sir Salman Rushdie in August 2022 I suggest that he and several other writers represent powerful role-models for autoethnographers who also aspire to be freedom-writers. Some of those I reference include Nobel prize-winners such as Orhan Pamuk and Annie Ernaux as well as other literary and political figures such as Maya Angelou, Elena Ferrante, James Joyce, and George Orwell. I then turn to Norman Denzin, recently honored in a warm festschrift, as a prime exemplar of an academic autoethnographer whose work has encouraged others to become their own kind of freedom-writer.
An Introduction to Responding Autoethnography
Authors: Szwabowski Oskar
Published: March 2023

In this article, I introduce the concept of responding autoethnography. The immediate inspiration for this concept was Ellis’s text on the amassing of many autoethnographic stories to generate collective consciousness. In my text, I present a different approach to collective consciousness and the relationship between stories: that is, collective consciousness is not a fusion of horizons; it is not a unified story, but a dirty, chaotic, pulsating, cluster of diverse elements. It is not a collective consciousness in the Marxist sense, but a form close to the Deleuzian complex. The second source was the issue of taking into account other autoethnographic texts so as not to reduce them. Responding autoethnography would be another way of taking into account the voices of other researchers, a form of answering beyond the dominant way of appropriating someone else’s thought. I will present responding autoethnography on the example of experiencing the pandemic.
Enablers and Barriers: The Conflicting Role of Institutional Logics in Business Model Change for Sustainability
Authors: Olesson Erica , Nenonen Suvi , Newth Jamie
Published: March 2023

How underlying norms influence the introduction of sustainability in existing commercial business models is under-researched. We present an ethnographic study of a professional services firm operating under commercial and professional logics and responding to the introduction of the sustainability logic. We find that different logic characteristics can be core in each business model component, leading to distinct enablers and barriers to change towards sustainability. We show how the alignment of practices between logics of responding to a specific client and employee expectations are enablers for sustainability. Conversely, barriers are created when clients or employees do not require action. We find enabled actions are bound by barriers of not being open to leading clients in sustainability, requiring professionals to integrate sustainability into service delivery, and taking on risk to shareholder returns. This study shows that logics and how they are expressed impact the antecedents of business model change for sustainability.
Experiences with nested parallelism in task-parallel applications using malleable BLAS on multicore processors
Authors: Rodríguez-Sánchez Rafael , Castelló Adrián , Catalán Sandra , Igual Francisco D. , Quintana-Ortí Enrique S.
Published: March 2023

Malleability is defined as the ability to vary the degree of parallelism at runtime, and is regarded as a means to improve core occupation on state-of-the-art multicore processors tshat contain tens of computational cores per socket. This property is especially interesting for applications consisting of irregular workloads and/or divergent executions paths. The integration of malleability in high-performance instances of the Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS) is currently nonexistent, and, in consequence, applications relying on these computational kernels cannot benefit from this capability. In response to this scenario, in this paper we demonstrate that significant performance benefits can be gathered via the exploitation of malleability in a framework designed to implement portable and high-performance BLAS-like operations. For this purpose, we integrate malleability within the BLIS library, and provide an experimental evaluation of the result on three different practical use cases.
COVID-19 Research in Hospitality and Tourism: Critical Analysis, Reflection, and Lessons Learned
Authors: Wong Antony King Fung , Kim Seongseop (Sam) , Liu Yun Yao (Jennifer) , Grace Baah Nancy
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically affected everyday life and business. To describe the impacts, 566 COVID-19-related articles were published between January 2020 and March 2022 in 18 hospitality and tourism journals. This study identifies the research streams, using content and bibliometric analyses. Content analysis and co-citation analysis revealed six research streams and four research clusters, respectively. A critical analysis was conducted to reflect the theoretical and practical implications and provide suggestions for future research directions. The identified research weaknesses include concerns relating to generalizability, sampling and measurement-related issues, online survey methods, failure to identify different stakeholders’ views on the adoption of new technologies, lack of practical coping scheme studies, lack of effort to adopt multidisciplinary theories, and little exploration of customers’ reactions to virtual events. Results of this study can help facilitate and consolidate the knowledge on the impacts of the pandemic and proactively prepare for future disease crises.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Substance Use and Occupational Therapy
Authors: Rothman Emily F , Jimenez Christine
Published: March 2023

Readers of this journal are undoubtedly already aware that substance use disorders (SUDs) are a significant public health problem. More than 2% of the world population is living with a substance abuse disorder, and 1.4% of the global burden of disease is attributable to alcohol and illicit drug use. What readers may have had less opportunity to consider is that occupational therapists are an underutilized resource in our response to the substance use disorder crisis, and that occupational therapy researchers can provide key insights into the nature of substance use in individuals’ lives and in our communities. That is the focus of this special issue.
Effect of Package of Interventions on the Use and Quality of Postpartum Family Planning Services at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College (Y12HMC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Tatek , Mamo Ephrem , Teshome Ayele , Kebede Birhanu , Abrham Tizita , Solomon Ananya , Seid Selahadin
Published: March 2023

Background:

Postpartum Family Planning (PPFP), which aims to prevent high risk unintended and closely spaced pregnancies during the first year following childbirth, is one of the highest impact interventions to avoid increased risk of premature birth, low birth weight, fetal and neonatal death, and adverse maternal health outcomes. This study aimed to assess the combined effect of a package of interventions on the use and quality of PPFP services at Y12HMC, Addis Ababa Ethiopia.

Method:

Cross-sectional study design was conducted to evaluate the effect of the package of chosen interventions: creating a private counseling space near the postpartum ward and providing training for health care providers on the WHO decision tool kit and Long Acting Contraceptive Methods (LACM). Interviews were conducted with 470 women (235 before and 235 after the intervention). Frequency tables and graphs were used to describe the study variables and statistical significance between pre and post intervention indicators was declared at P value <.05

Results:

From 470 participants, 421 respondents participated which makes response rate of 90%. The majority of the participants were in the age category 20 to 29 years, married/lived together, completed at least primary education and had more than one child both at baseline and post intervention. The proportion of women who chose PPFP increased from 55.8% at baseline to 69% after the intervention. The most preferred contraceptive method was implant. The overall service satisfaction level of the study participants was 95.4% post intervention, significantly higher than at baseline (78%, P < .05). Providers indicated that clients are satisfied with the service and that the institutional structure is appropriate for delivering integrated services following the intervention.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that quality improvement interventions like creating a private counseling space and providing training using WHO decision tool kit can achieve significant improvement on satisfaction of clients and PPFP uptake
A Teaching Kitchen Program Improves Employee Micronutrient and Healthy Dietary Consumption
Authors: Moore Miranda A , Cousineau Benjamin A , Rastorguieva Krystyna , Bonnet Jonathan P , Bergquist Sharon H
Published: March 2023

Objective:

To measure changes in micronutrient adequacy and diet quality in healthcare and university employees who underwent a 10-week teaching kitchen program.

Methods:

Thirty-eight healthcare and university employees participated in a 10-week teaching kitchen program. Twenty-seven completed self-administered, 24-hour dietary recalls to measure dietary intake at baseline and 3-months. Micronutrient adequacy and diet quality was assessed using Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI).

Results:

Seventy percent of participants were classified as low or moderate micronutrient adequacy at baseline. The proportion of participants with high micronutrient adequacy increased from 30% to 48% at 3-month follow-up. Total HEI and most HEI components increased at follow-up; with a statistically significant increase in seafood/plant protein score ( P = .007).

Conclusions and Implications for Practice:

Our results suggest an inadequacy in micronutrient intake in university and healthcare employees and that teaching kitchens may help improve micronutrient adequacy and diet quality.
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease in a nationwide survey
Authors: Nakamura Masashi , Ogawa Ryo , Fujimori Juichi , Uzawa Akiyuki , Sato Yasunori , Nagashima Kengo , Kuriyama Nagato , Kuwabara Satoshi , Nakashima Ichiro
Published: March 2023

Background:

To our knowledge, no nationwide epidemiological study of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) has been conducted.

Objective:

We examined the epidemiology and clinical features of MOGAD in Japan.

Methods:

We distributed questionnaires on the clinical characteristics of patients with MOGAD to neurology, pediatric-neurology, and neuro-ophthalmology facilities throughout Japan.

Results:

In total, 887 patients were identified. The estimated number of total and newly diagnosed MOGAD patients was 1,695 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1483–1907] and 487 (95% CI: 414–560), respectively. The estimated prevalence and incidence were 1.34/100,000 (95% CI: 1.18–1.51) and 0.39/100,000 (95% CI: 0.32–0.44), respectively. The median age at onset was 28 years (range: 0–84 years). At onset, optic neuritis was present in approximately 40% of patients, irrespective of the onset age. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis was more frequent in younger patients, whereas brainstem encephalitis, encephalitis, and myelitis were more frequent in elderly patients. Immunotherapy was highly effective.

Conclusion:

The prevalence and incidence rates of MOGAD in Japan are similar to those in other countries. Notable characteristics such as the preferential occurrence of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in children exist; however, general characteristics including symptoms and treatment response are common irrespective of the onset age.
A path towards true inclusion: Disabled students and higher education in America
Authors: Lehrer-Stein Janni , Berger Jordan
Published: March 2023

We live in a moment of immense and developing change, reacting to global challenges that appear with increasing speed and requiring reassessment of priorities and perhaps, reshaping the framework by which we have experienced our lives. Yet these same challenges provide a rare opportunity to empower the more than one billion people with disabilities globally through principles of compassion, respect, dignity and inclusion. We must build a new generation of strong leaders, professionals and advocates tapping the unlimited potential of people with disabilities. The key to unlocking this potential is realizing meaningful access to higher education for students with disabilities. This article examines opportunities and barriers for disabled students in American higher education, drawing on student and administrator interviews and case law to propose a framework based upon principles of access, inclusion, accountability and advocacy, so we may ensure educational opportunities for students with disabilities to allow them to take their rightful places alongside their non-disabled peers as leaders to secure a fully inclusive and equitable future for all.
Examining the accessibility of MA Music Therapy training in the United Kingdom for ethnic minority communities
Authors: Lindo Daryl
Published: March 2023

A recent report by the British Association for Music Therapy, in light of the global Black Lives Matter and anti-racism protests, highlighted the lack of diversity within the UK music therapy profession and MA training courses. Motivated by personal experience while training and observations of being a minority in a largely White cohort, this research examines some of the possible factors that could contribute to this lack of diversity. This article reports on a small research project undertaken as part of my studies for my MA Music Therapy. Three participants were interviewed for the study, each from different ethnic minority groups, and asked questions pertaining to their experiences while studying, in relation to race, accessibility, diversity and culture. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to contextualise their interview responses. The research findings highlighted barriers to accessibility of training such as a biased application process, lack of dialogue about race on training courses or within music therapy and the complexities of race and music therapy. This article provides suggestions of ways in which diversity in music therapy can be improved such as evaluating the curriculum and increasing cultural awareness.
A deep learning method for the prediction of 6-DoF ship motions in real conditions
Authors: Zhang Mingyang , Taimuri Ghalib , Zhang Jinfen , Hirdaris Spyros
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a deep learning method for the prediction of ship motions in 6 Degrees of Freedom (DoF). Big data streams of Automatic Identification System (AIS), now-cast, and bathymetry records are used to extract motion trajectories and idealise environmental conditions. A rapid Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) model is used to generate ship motions that account for the influence of surrounding water and ship-controlling devices. A transformer neural network that accounts for the influence of operational conditions on ship dynamics is validated by learning the data streams corresponding to ship voyages and hydro-meteorological conditions between two ports in the Gulf of Finland. Predictions for a ship turning circle and motion dynamics between these two ports show that the proposed method can capture the influence of operational conditions on seakeeping and manoeuvring.
Exercise Therapy in Early Multiple Sclerosis Improves Physical Function But Not Cognition: Secondary Analyses From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Riemenschneider Morten , Hvid Lars G. , Petersen Thor , Stenager Egon , Dalgas Ulrik
Published: March 2023

Background

Exercise positively affects multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms, physiological systems, and potentially cognition. However, an uninvestigated “window of opportunity” exists for exercise therapy early in the disease.

Objective

This study presents secondary analyses from the Early Multiple Sclerosis Exercise Study, and aims to investigate the efficacy of exercise on physical function, cognition, and patient-reported measures of disease and fatigue impact early in the disease course of MS.

Methods

This randomized controlled trial (n = 84, time since diagnosis <2 years) included 48 weeks of aerobic exercise or an active control condition (health education) and between-group changes are based on repeated measurement mixed regression models. Physical function tests included measures of aerobic fitness, walking (6-minute walk, Timed 25-foot walk, Six-spot step test), and upper-limb dexterity. Tests of processing speed and memory evaluated cognition. The questionnaires Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale and Modified Fatigue Impact Scale assessed perception of disease and fatigue impact.

Results

Following early exercise aerobic fitness showed superior between-group physiological adaptations (4.0 [1.7; 6.3] ml O2/min/kg; large effect size [ES = 0.90]). No other outcomes showed significant between-group differences, yet all measures of walking and upper-limb function showed small-to-medium effect sizes in favor of exercise (ES = 0.19−0.58). Overall disability status as well as cognition were unaffected by exercise, whereas perception of disease and fatigue impact were reduced in both groups.

Conclusion

In early MS, 48 weeks of supervised aerobic exercise seem to positively modify physical function, but not cognitive function. Perception of disease and fatigue impact may be modifiable by exercise in early MS.

Trial registration:

Clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT03322761).
Second Dose Measles Vaccination Utilization and Associated Factors in Jabitehnan District, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Demewoz Aynalem , Wubie Moges , Mengie Muluye Gebrie , Kassegn Esmelealem Mihretu , Jara Dubie , Aschale Abiot , Endalew Bekalu
Published: March 2023

Background

Herd immunity against measles is essential to interrupt measles transmission, and this can only be attained by reaching at least 95% coverage for each of the 2 doses of measles vaccine provided in infancy and early childhood age group. It is important to provide everyone with 2 doses of the measles vaccine in order to effectively safeguard the population. Despite this, little is known about the second dosage of the measles vaccine utilization status and the factors that affect it. Therefore, this study aimed to assess second dose of measles vaccination utilization and its associated factors among children aged 24–35 months in Jabitehnan district, 2020.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted at Jabitehnan District, Northwest Ethiopia, from September 1st, 2020 to October 1st, 2020. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select 845 mothers/caregivers who had children aged 24–35 months. Both bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression was fitted to identify the determinant factors of second dose measles vaccination utilization. Finally, the statistical significant variables were declared by using 95% CI and P value less than .05 in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. The Hosmer and Lemeshow test was used to check the model’s fit to the data, and the variance inflation factor was used to assess multi-collinearity.

Results

The overall second dose of measles vaccination utilization was 48.1%, (95% CI: 44.7-51.6). Mothers with primary school education (AOR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.15-3.17), information about MCV2 (AOR = 6.53, 95% CI: 4.22-10.08), distance from vaccination site (AOR = 3.56, 95% CI: 2.46-5.14), knowledge about immunization (AOR = 1.935, 95% CI: 1.29-2.90), and favorable attitude about immunization (AOR = 5.19, 95% CI: 3.25-8.29) were significantly associated factors with second dose of measles vaccination utilization.

Conclusion

Second dose measles vaccination utilization in the district was lower than the national target. Maternal education, distances from vaccination site, information about MCV2, and knowledge about immunization were significantly associated variables with second dose measles vaccination utilization. Therefore, in order to increase the utilization of the second dose of the measles vaccine, improved health education and service expansion to difficult-to-reach areas are required.
Circ_0000595 knockdown alleviates CoCl2-mediated effects in VSMCs by regulating the miR-582-3p/ADAM10 axis
Authors: Wang Huixiong , Wang Hao , Liu Kai , Qin Xiao
Published: March 2023

Background

Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a serious vascular disease causing the death of elder people. Accumulating studies have reported that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are implicated in the regulation of aortic aneurysms. However, the role of circ_0000595 in the progression of TAA is still unclear.

Methods

Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were implemented to assess circ_0000595, microRNA (miR)-582-3p, guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha subunit (ADAM10), PCNA, Bax, and Bcl-2 expression. The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells was determined using cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU). Cell apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry, and caspase-3 activity was analyzed using a commercial kit. After bioinformatics analysis, the interaction between miR-582-3p and circ_0000595 or ADAM10 was validated using a dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation.

Results

As compared with controls, TAA tissues and CoCl2-induced VSMCs displayed high expression of circ_0000595 and ADAM10, and low expression of miR-582-3p. CoCl2 treatment evidently suppressed VSMC proliferation and promoted VSMCs apoptosis, and these impacts were reverted by circ_0000595 knockdown. Circ_0000595 acted as a molecular sponge for miR-582-3p, and circ_0000595 silencing-mediated influences in CoCl2-induced VSMCs were overturned by miR-582-3p inhibitor. ADAM10 was confirmed as a target gene of miR-582-3p, and miR-582-3p overexpression-induced influence was almost restored by overexpressed ADAM10 in CoCl2-induced VSMCs. Besides, circ_0000595 contributed to ADAM10 protein expression by sponging miR-582-3p.

Conclusion

Our data verified that circ_0000595 silencing might attenuate CoCl2-mediated impacts in VSMCs by regulating the miR-582-3p/ADAM10 axis, providing new potential roads for treating TAA.
Examining arts and creativity in later life and its impact on older people’s health and wellbeing: a systematic review of the evidence
Authors: McQuade L , O’Sullivan R
Published: March 2023

Aim:

There is a growing recognition of the contribution that participation in group-based arts and creativity interventions makes to our health and wellbeing. Despite this acknowledgement, more empirical investigation is required to more fully understand its impact. The aim of this mixed-method systematic review was to develop a better understanding of the evidence on the impact of arts and creativity on older people’s physical and psychological health and wellbeing.

Method:

Extensive searches of 14 electronic bibliographic databases were carried out using predefined search criteria for the period 2013–2020. Ninety-three studies were included within the review and appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT).

Results:

Dance was the most common form of arts identified within studies, followed by music and singing. Dance was associated with improved balance, lower body physical strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness in older adults. Promising evidence showed that music and singing on a regular basis were associated with improved cognitive function, quality of life, affective states and a sense of wellbeing in older adults. Preliminary evidence showed that visual and creative arts were associated with reduced feelings of loneliness, improved sense of community and social connectedness. Initial evidence showed that theatre and drama were associated with emotional wellbeing; however, more evidence is required in this area.

Conclusion:

The evidence shows that participation in group-based arts and creativity can have positive physical, mental, and social health impacts for older adults, ageing and for population health. These findings support the importance of participation in the arts for older adults, especially for the promotion of positive health and for the prevention, or mitigation, of ill health in later life for both public health and the arts and creativity agenda.
Return to sport after forearm fractures in children: A scoping review and survey
Authors: Bhanushali Ameya , Bright Rebecca , Xu Louis , Cundy Peter , Williams Nicole
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

A common question faced by clinicians is when a child may return to sport after treatment for a pediatric forearm fracture. There are few published recommendations and fewer supported by evidence. The aims of this study were to summarize existing published recommendation for return to sport after pediatric forearm fractures and to conduct a survey to determine usual clinical recommendations.

Methods:

A scoping review was performed on Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. In addition, 64 orthopedic surgeons were anonymously surveyed asking for recommendations regarding return to sport after pediatric forearm fractures. Participants were to assume children were 9 years old and played a sport with an average risk of forearm injury.

Results:

Twenty-two publications for return to sport were retrieved. Children with distal radius buckle fractures safely commonly returned to sport by 4 weeks after initial injury, while survey respondents recommended over 6 weeks. Survey respondents valued fracture stability the highest when making return to sport recommendations. Children with simple, metaphyseal, single-bone fractures were usually allowed to return to sport at 8–10 weeks post-injury. Diaphyseal and complete fractures were prescribed longer return to sport intervals. Australian respondents also prescribed longer return to sport intervals.

Conclusion:

Children with distal radius buckle fractures may return to sport by 4 weeks after initial injury, sooner than recommended. Published recommendations remain limited for other fractures. However, our survey suggests children with simple, metaphyseal, single-bone fractures may return to sport at 8–10 weeks. Children with diaphyseal and complete fractures should abstain from sport for longer than metaphyseal and greenstick fractures, respectively.

Level of evidence:

level V
Incidental News Exposure on Facebook and Its Relation to Trust in News
Authors: Park Sora , Lee Jee Young
Published: March 2023

There has been a growing interest in the impact of incidental news exposure on audiences as using social media as a source of news is becoming increasingly common practice. This article examines how this may have an impact on the trust in news through an analysis of Facebook news users in three countries—Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States ( n = 1,296). While trust in general news is no different between those who access news intentionally or incidentally, incidental exposure has a negative relationship to the trust in news on social media. This finding is more prominent among those who use social media as their primary source of news. Among social media news users, those who actively access news have a much higher trust in news they find on social media compared with incidental news users. This gap implies that there are a variety of contexts in which a social media user is exposed to news and a nuanced understanding of the context of incidental versus intentional exposure is needed to fully explain how incidental exposure to news may affect audiences’ trust in news.
Civilized cities or social credit? Overlap and tension between emergent governance infrastructures in China
Authors: Trauth-Goik Alexander
Published: March 2023

Foreign imaginaries of surveillance and informatization in China are commonly connected to notions of omnipresence, advanced technology, and coherent governance. In reality, however, the Chinese government’s efforts at the building of a digital society are permeated by confusion over the meaning of central edicts, interdepartmental and regional fragmentation, and overlap between different digital governance systems. This article interrogates the connection between two emerging governance infrastructures embedded in the Chinese Party-state’s latest informatization drive, the “National Civilized Cities Award” (NCCA) and the “Social Credit System Project” (SCSP) through a mixed methods approach. It combines data from an analysis of a recent NCCA assessment system government work manual, project websites, and findings from thirty qualitative video interviews with residents from twenty different cities in China to demonstrate that overlap between these projects is clear in terms of 1) criteria and indices measuring project development; 2) promoted virtues and individual behaviors; and 3) data sharing between systems. Local governments charged with the design and implementation of these initiatives frequently conflate their targets and objectives, prompting occasional reprimand from higher-level authorities. Public confusion about the meaning and purpose of both the NCCA and SCSP has meanwhile accompanied haphazard system development, demonstrating that the path towards a “digital society” in China is fraught and far from uncontested.
Community Health Worker-led Implementation of the Stanford Youth Diabetes Coaching Program in Underserved Latinx Communities
Authors: Ponce-Gonzalez Ileana María , Jimenez Nathalia , Rodriguez Eunice , Srivastava Ashini , Parchman Michael L.
Published: March 2023

Background:

The Stanford Youth Diabetes Coaching Program (SYDCP) is an evidence-based program led by health care professionals to teach healthy youth who then coach family members with diabetes or other chronic conditions. This purpose of this study is to evaluate a Community Health Worker (CHW)-led implementation of the SYDCP for low-income Latinx students from underserved agricultural communities.

Method:

CHWs were trained and virtually led 10 training sessions virtually during the COVID-19 for Latinx students who were recruited from high schools in agricultural regions of Washington state. Feasibility measures include recruitment, retention, class attendance, and successful coaching of a family member or friend. Acceptability was measured by responses on the post-training survey. Effectiveness was evaluated by pre-post changes in measures used in prior studies of the SYDCP such as level of activation and diabetes knowledge.

Results:

Thirty-four students were recruited, 28 completed the training and 23 returned both pre- and post-surveys. Over 80% of students attended 7 or more classes. All met with a family or friend and 74% met with them weekly. Approximately 80% of the students rated the program’s usefulness as “very good” or “excellent.” Pre-post increases in diabetes knowledge, nutrition-related behaviors, resilience, and activation were significant and similar to those observed in prior published studies of the SYDCP.

Conclusions:

Findings support the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of a CHW-led implementation of the SYDCP in underserved Latinx communities using a virtual remote model.
Exploring Latinx College Students' Experiences With High School Counselors
Authors: Cavazos Vela Javier , Guerra Federico , Zamora Elizabeth , Perez Erika
Published: March 2023

Only a few researchers have used qualitative methods to explore Latinx students' experiences and testimonials with their high school counselors. These studies, conducted more than 10 years ago, found that Latinx students reported negative experiences with high school counselors, such as low academic expectations and lack of availability. In the current study, we interviewed eight Latinx college students from the southern United States to learn about their experiences with their high school counselors. The following five themes emerged from interpretative phenomenological analysis of the data: (a) high academic expectations, (b) advisement, (c) lack of availability and accessibility, (d) no social or emotional support, and (e) limited career development. Two crucial implications from this study are that school counselors need to be engaged in all activities aligned with the American School Counselor Association guidelines and should remind Latinx students regularly about school counselors’ essential roles and responsibilities in academic, career, and social/emotional development. We discuss additional implications.
Well-being of Chinese students - a review in the context of implications for the educational proces
Authors: Dobosz Dagmara , Hetmańczyk Hewilia
Published: March 2023

Students’ well-being in China seems to be insufficiently researched. This article reviews the recent literature on Chinese students' well-being to illustrate the relationship that exists between mental health and education as well as to identify implications for improving well-being. Eighteen articles published between 2012 and 2022 were reviewed and selected according to a systematic protocol. It was found that the reviewed papers focused on 4 areas: analyses of well-being in the context of implications for the study process, analyses of students’ wellbeing in the context of various characteristics yet without direct implications for the study process, studies of well-being conducted among medical students and in relation to Chinese students studying abroad.