bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Budaya Kepemimpinan Transformatif di Lembaga Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Muzakki Hawwin , Binti Maunah  , Achmad Patoni
Published: January 2025

Lembaga pendidikan Islam perlu memiliki kepemimpinan yang efektif. Salah satu tipe kepemimpinan yang sangat efektif di Lembaga pendidikan Islam adalah kepemimpinan transformasional. Dalam tulisan ini, peneliti akan menggunakan teori budaya Koentjaraningrat untuk menggagas konsep budaya kepemimpinan transformatif di Lembaga pendidikan Islam khususnya di Madrasah. Penelitian ini ingin menggali 3 wujud budaya yaitu: bagaimana wujud ide/gagasan, wujud tindakan serta wujud dokumen dalam kepemimpinan transformatif? Serta menggali bagaimana model-model penerapan budaya transformatif di Madrasah. Hal ini bertujuan untuk memperjelas dan mengkonsep budaya kepemimpinan transformastif di Madrasah. Menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data studi pustaka menyimpulkan. Wujud ide dalam budaya kepemimpinan transformatif adalah Idealized Influence, Intellectual Stimulation, Individual Consideration (Pertimbangan Individual), dan Inspirational Motivation. Wujud tindakan dalam budaya kepemimpinan transformatif adalah Kepala Madrasah melaksanakan kepemimpinan transformatif sesuai dengan wujud ide. Sedangkan wujud dokumen adalah segala dokumen pendukung budaya kepemimpinan transformatif yang terdokumentasi dengan baik dan rapi. Model Pembentukan Budaya Kepemimpinan Transformatif melalui model struktural dan model mekanik.
Implementasi Kepribadian Islami Mahasiswa Ilmu Kesehatan Dalam Pembelajaran Kewarganegaraan
Authors: Bambang Banbang wahrudin , Oktaviany Desy Oktaviany , Nurhayati Rania Nurhayati , Qa’albinovel Alentio Qa’albinovel
Published: January 2025

Islamic personality is the traits and values that characterize the Muhammadiyah Student organization ineveryday life. Apart from that, it becomes the initial basis and guideline in Muhammadiyah’s charitableefforts and struggles. The implementation of Islamic personality in the citizenship learning process has animportant impact in forming strong character and civic awareness in the younger generation. This researchaims to determine the implementation of students’ Islamic personality in the citizenship learning process.The object of this research is students from the Faculty of Health Sciences, Muhammadiyah Universityof Ponorogo, which uses quantitative descriptive research methods with data collection techniques usingquestionnaires given to respondents. The research results obtained show that students can understandand apply Muhammadiyah personality traits well in the citizenship learning process and in everyday life.Apart from that, through these Muhammadiyah personality values, it can become a forum for students toimplement Muhammadiyah values not only in the civics learning process but also in real actions in socialand state life
Manajemen Layanan Khusus Osis di SMA Unggulan Bppt Darus Sholah
Authors: Dwi Riyana Dwi Anggraini , Mahdiana Arina Mahdiana , Azizah Siti Nur , Kamila Saifatil Kamila , Hidayat Rofiq Hidayat
Published: January 2025

This research aims to analyze the implementation of OSIS special service management at Darus Sholah HighSchool. Intra-School Student Organization (OSIS) special service management is an important approachin managing various activities and programs carried out by the OSIS at school. According to Baharuddin,the scope of OSIS special services is about planning, organizing, implementing and evaluating servicesprovided by OSIS to students and schools. The goal is to improve the quality of the student experienceat school, support student leadership development, and make a positive contribution to the learningenvironment. The method used was a qualitative research method, data sources were obtained from the schoolprincipal and Deputy Head of Student Affairs. Data collection techniques using observation, interviewsand documentation techniques. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique by means of data condensation,data presentation, drawing conclusions and verification is strengthened by triangulation as a data validitytechnique which is then analyzed using Baharuddin’s theory. The results of this research indicate thatthrough special OSIS service management, OSIS can play a significant role in building social ties amongstudents, facilitating learning, and encouraging students’ active participation in various extracurricularactivities. It also helps students develop leadership, c
Peran Guru Dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik Di SMP Sains Tebuireng Jombang
Authors: Muniro Siti Miftakhul , Hosna Rofiatul
Published: January 2025

This research study examines the role of teachers in increasing students' learning motivation at Tebuireng Science Middle School. The approach used in this research uses a qualitative approach, the data collected comes from observations and interviews at the location studied. Research findings show that the teacher's role in providing student motivation is very influential in achieving student academic achievement. Forms of motivation that can be given by teachers to students can be in the form of praise, good attention to students, and giving additional grades to students. Supporting factors in increasing motivation to learn are behavior, desire, stimulation, affection, capability and reinforcement. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors that influence learning motivation are students' different levels of understanding and the influence of students' interpersonal relationships.
Perencanaan Keuangan Dalam Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan Di SMPN 1 Bangil Pasuruan
Authors: Atoillah Nu'man , Hakim Muhammad Nur
Published: January 2025

Artikel ini menyajikan hasil penelitian tentang manajemen keuangan sekolah dengan fokus pada studi kasus di SMP Negeri 1 Bangil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis praktik manajemen keuangan sekolah, terutama dalam perencanaan dan pengelolaan anggaran. Metode penelitian yang digunakan melibatkan survei, wawancara, dan analisis dokumen untuk mendapatkan data yang mendalam dan komprehensif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen keuangan di SMP Negeri 1 Bangil terbukti baik dengan adanya koordinasi yang efektif antara kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah, bendahara, dan komite sekolah. Perencanaan keuangan sekolah diimplementasikan melalui Rencana Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Sekolah (RAPBS), yang melibatkan berbagai pihak, termasuk wali murid. Evaluasi dilakukan setiap tahun untuk mengidentifikasi faktor pendukung dan penghambat serta memberikan rekomendasi perbaikan. Diskusi dalam artikel mencakup konsep perencanaan keuangan, tiga sudut pandang penganggaran (comparative approach, PPBES, dan Fungtional Approach), serta pentingnya evaluasi pelaksanaan anggaran. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan yang mendalam tentang manajemen keuangan sekolah dan dapat menjadi referensi bagi lembaga pendidikan lainnya dalam mengembangkan praktik keuangan yang efektif dan berkelanjutan.
Implementasi Mudarosatul Qur’an Dalam Meningkatkan Hafalan Al Qur’an Di Pondok Pesantren Takhfidz Yanabi’ul Qur’an Sabongdukuh Jombang
Authors: Zuhriyah Kholidatuz , Hosna Rofiatul
Published: January 2025

Problem yang di alami para penghafal Al Quran adalah menjaga Hafalan  yang telah di hafalkan. Dalam Menjaga hafalan Al Qur’an yang terdiri dari  30 juz 114 surat dan 6666 ayat  tentu  tidaklah mudah, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1. Mengetahui dampak dari implementasi mudarosahan yang di programkan di pondok pesantren tahfidz yanabiul Qur’an. 2. Bagaimana proses dalam  menghafal al Qur’an. 3. Faktor apa saya yang dapat meningkatkan hafalan Al Quran. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah mengunakan penelitian kualitatif deskriftif, dengam cara wawancara dokumentasi dan observasi  hasil dari penerlitian ini adalah dengan program mudarosahan yang di laksanakan setelah para santri pulang sekolah kurang lepih pada sekitar jam duan, dengan di laksanakan secara kontinyu menghasilkan   santri di pondok pesantren tahfidz yanabiul Qu’an dapat menjaga haflannya denan baik, dengan di buktikan dapat mengikuti ujian tasmik sesuai yang di programkan yaitu yang di selenggarakan dua kali dalam satu tahun.
Strategi Kepala Madrasah Aliyah Swasta Al Falah Wuluhan Jember Menuju Madrasah Unggul
Authors: Maisyaroh Anny
Published: January 2025

This study aims to describe and analyze the strategy of the head of MAS Al Falah Wuluhan Jember towards superior madrasah covering aspects of input, process, and output. This research approach uses qualitative with a descriptive type of research. The subjects of this study were the heads of madrasahs, waka curricula, and waka students who were selected by purposive sampling. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana models is data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing or verification. The results showed that the strategy of the head of the private aliyah madrasah Al Falah Wuluhan Jember towards a superior madrasah included through good recruitment of students, increasing human resources, improving madrasah infrastructure, development of superior programs, establish cooperation with various parties and create excellent graduates.
Strategies of School Principals in Improving Educational Quality An Analysis of Best Practices in American Schools
Authors: Jhonshon Emily , Mendoza Carlos , Sobirin Mochammad Syafiuddin , Sutrisno
Published: January 2025

This research aims to examine the leadership practices of school principals in enhancing the quality of education within two private schools in the United States: Greenwood Academy and Sunshine Private School. Specifically, it seeks to identify effective leadership strategies that contribute to a positive learning environment and improved educational outcomes. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with principals, teachers, and administrative staff, participatory observations, and document analysis. The study focused on exploring the roles of vision and mission, adaptive resource management, professional development for teachers, collaborative leadership, and data-driven decision-making in the context of educational leadership. The thematic analysis method was used to identify and interpret key themes from the collected data. The research findings indicate that effective school leadership significantly influences educational quality. The presence of a strong, inspiring vision serves as a motivational tool for both teachers and students. Furthermore, adaptive management of resources, particularly in budget-constrained environments, allows principals to creatively secure alternative funding. Support for professional development enhances teachers’ skills and motivation, leading to better student outcomes. Collaborative leadership fosters a harmonious work environment and encourages innovation, while data-driven decision-making equips principals with the necessary insights for effective problem-solving and program improvement. This study contributes to the understanding of effective educational leadership by showcasing innovative practices that enhance the overall quality of education in private schools.
Educational Leadership Strategies In Supporting Technology Adaptation In Japanese Private Schools
Authors: Takhahasi Yuko , Rossi Sofia
Published: January 2025

This study aims to explore educational leadership strategies in supporting technology adaptation within Japanese private schools, emphasizing how school leaders drive the integration of technology into the learning process. Utilizing a qualitative research approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis involving school leaders, teachers, and other stakeholders. The study reveals that effective educational leadership strategies include setting a clear vision for technology’s role in education, providing ongoing professional development for teachers, and allocating resources to foster a conducive learning environment. Challenges, such as resistance to change among teachers, technical issues, and balancing innovation with curriculum requirements, were also identified. Findings highlight the importance of collaboration among teachers, students, and stakeholders to overcome barriers to technology implementation. Practical implications include the need for continuous professional development, effective communication channels, and a culture of innovation that encourages creative approaches to technology integration. These strategies not only facilitate technology adaptation but also create a more interactive, relevant, and enriched learning experience that supports long-term educational success.
Langkah Strategis Transformasi Pendidikan Islam di Era Globalisasi
Authors: Nadir  , Januar
Published: January 2025

This article discusses the importance of strategic thinking and action in Islamic education to maintain its relevance in the challenging era of globalization. Islamic education, which aims to form moral and knowledgeable human beings, must be able to adapt to technological developments and rapid social changes. The novelty of this article lies in identifying strategic measures to improve the quality of Islamic education, such as the formulation of an adaptive vision and mission, curriculum innovation, development of teaching staff, and collaboration with various parties. Using the literature research method, this article compiles a review of the literature and content analysis to understand the necessary transformation of Islamic education. The results show that a structured strategy can enhance the role of Islamic education in shaping a competitive and moral generation. In conclusion, Islamic education that integrates Islamic values with modern approaches has great potential to support the advancement of Muslim civilization in the global era.
Opportunities, Challenges and Ethics of Artificial Intelligence Implementation in Teaching Islamic Religious Education in Public Universities: A Case Study in South Kalimantan
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun , Khairunnisa Ririn , Alfa Della Dhia , Abdullah Attamimi Taufik
Published: January 2025

This research presents a comprehensive overview of the opportunities and challenges in the utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to improve the quality of Islamic Religious Education teaching in universities in South Kalimantan. Furthermore, the researcher explores how the ethics of using AI in Islamic Education learning in public universities. The research method used is qualitative with the type of case study. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, and document studies. The research sample was PAI lecturers at public universities in South Kalimantan. Data analysis techniques using interactive data models. The results showed that the level of understanding of PAI lecturers in South Kalimantan was not very high due to a lack of understanding of the latest digital literacy, there were concerns that the use of AI would conflict with Islamic values and the lack of maximum internet infrastructure in South Kalimantan. This study also shows that AI has great potential in improving the quality of learning. These findings provide important implications for the development of innovative PAI learning models that are relevant to technological developments. This research aims to provide recommendations for PAI curriculum development that integrates AI technology. By identifying the opportunities, challenges and ethics of AI implementation, this research is expected to contribute to designing more effective and engaging learning strategies for students without violating academic integrity and supporting efforts to improve the quality of higher education in Indonesia.
Le leadership dans les organisations scolaires : une pragmatique de la rencontre
Authors: Mauny Christophe
Published: January 2025

Agir sur l’individu est complexe; agir sur le collectif l’est plus encore. Comment, dès lors, assurer un acte productif collectif ? L’article pose le concept de rencontre comme un analyseur heuristique du processus de leadership. En effet, maîtriser les déterminants structurels et fonctionnels de l’organisation scolaire est nécessaire, mais non suffisant pour être reconnu leader. Le leadership se caractérise moins par les attributs de la fonction (ce qu’on lui reconnaît) que par l’activité du leader (ce qu’il fait). En appui à une approche pragmatique, la rencontre est un construit du leadership pour conjuguer la cohérence et la convergence de la guidance du collectif pour garantir la stabilité et la transformation des organisations. Notre proposition explorera trois entrées réflexives que sont : i) Créer les proximités, c’est rendre la rencontre possible par la mobilisation des énergies au confluent des proximités géographique, cognitive, sociale, organisationnelle et institutionnelle; ii) Créer les synergies pour faire vivre la rencontre, c’est conjuguer trois actes : conventionner pour s’accorder, réguler les engagements et reconnaître la qualité du travail accompli; et iii) Structurer l’autonomie collective pour pérenniser la rencontre articule distributivité décisionnelle, engagement évaluatif et formation des personnels.
La rétention dans les écoles urbaines en contexte défavorisé : une étude
qualitative sur la résilience des personnes nouvellement enseignantes
Authors: Colignon Alice , März Virginie , Van Nieuwenhoven Catherine
Published: January 2025

Reconnaissant le problème pressant de la faible rétention du personnel
enseignant dans les écoles en contexte urbain défavorisé, cette étude qualitative
explore la résilience de personnes nouvellement enseignantes. Ancrée dans une
approche fondée sur les atouts, elle mobilise le concept d’engagement urbain pour
offrir des récits qui dressent une image positive des écoles urbaines. Des
entretiens semi-directifs ont été menés auprès de sept personnes nouvellement
enseignantes qui exercent dans des écoles primaires bruxelloises accueillant un
public défavorisé, sélectionnées pour leur engagement urbain élevé. Les résultats de
cette étude révèlent l’influence de l’engagement des personnes participantes pour
les contextes urbains sur leur résilience. Ils indiquent également le caractère
dynamique de la résilience, en identifiant quatre aspects qui résultent de
l’interaction entre facteurs individuels et contextuels : 1) l’importance d’un
alignement des valeurs sous-tendant leur engagement urbain avec celles de l’école,
2) la disponibilité et le soutien au sein de l’école pour accéder aux ressources,
3) les dynamiques positives et collaboratives d’équipe pour développer des rôles
organisationnels, et 4) le « prendre soin » des personnes nouvellement enseignantes
pour soutenir leur bienêtre et leur engagement dans les écoles urbaines. La
responsabilité des directions d’école est soulignée dans la création
d’environnements soutenant la résilience et l’engagement de leur équipe
éducative.
Hétérogénéité des tâches des directions d’établissements d’enseignement
secondaire au Bénin : préoccupations pour une direction scolaire au service de la
réussite de tous les élèves
Authors: Alladatin Judicaël , Soumanou Imourana
Published: January 2025

Le travail des directions d’établissements d’enseignement secondaire au Bénin
reste peu étudié malgré son rôle crucial pour la réussite scolaire. Cette étude
utilise une combinaison d’observations directes (shadowing) et d’entretiens
d’autoconfrontation pour explorer la diversité, la complexité et les tensions
inhérentes aux tâches quotidiennes de 15 directions d’établissements d’enseignement
secondaire au Bénin. Les résultats révèlent une diversité et une fragmentation du
travail, partagé entre la gestion des ressources, et la gestion administrative,
pédagogique et communautaire. Les directions scolaires se concentrent principalement
sur les tâches administratives puis sur la gestion communautaire et celle des
ressources. Les tensions entre les exigences administratives et pédagogiques sont
récurrentes, limitant considérablement l’engagement des directions scolaires dans le
leadership pédagogique. Cette étude met en lumière les préoccupations des directions
scolaires à travers les six dimensions du signe hexadique de l’activité de direction
scolaire et propose des perspectives structurées autour de l’indispensable besoin de
transformation de l’organisation scolaire. Cette transformation de l’organisation
scolaire passe, entre autres, par la professionnalisation de la fonction de
direction scolaire à travers la mise en place d’une formation initiale universitaire
en leadership et en gestion scolaire, afin de renforcer l’efficacité des directions
et leur influence sur la réussite éducative.
Gliogenesis from the subventricular zone modulates the extracellular matrix at the glial scar after brain ischemia
Authors: Ardaya Maria , Tiveron Marie-Catherine , Cremer Harold , Dehay Benjamin , Pérez-Cerdá Fernando , Matute Carlos , Soria Federico N , Cavaliere Fabio
Published: January 2025

Activation of the subventricular zone (SVZ) following cerebral ischemia is one of the brain’s early responses to counteract neuron loss and minimize tissue damage. Impaired brain regions communicate with the SVZ through various chemotactic signals that promote cell migration and differentiation, primarily involving neural stem cells (NSC), neuroblasts, or glioblasts. However, the activation of gliogenesis and the role of newly formed astrocytes in the post-ischemic scenario remain subjects of debate. We have previously demonstrated that adenosine release after brain ischemia prompts the SVZ to generate new astrocytes. Here, we used transient brain ischemia in mice to identify the cellular origin of these astrocytes within the SVZ neurogenic niche and to investigate their role in the pathological process. By combining immunofluorescence, BrdU-tracing, and genetic cell labeling, we tracked the migration of newborn astrocytes, positive for the proteoglycan marker Thbs4, from the dorsal and medial SVZ to the perilesional barrier surrounding the ischemic core, known as the “glial scar”. We found that these Thbs4-positive astrocytes modulate the dense extracellular matrix at the lesion border by both synthesizing and degrading hyaluronan. We also show that while the accumulation of hyaluronan at the lesion site is sufficient to recruit newborn astrocytes, its degradation at the SVZ correlates with gliogenesis. These findings suggest that newborn astrocytes could be a promising pharmacological target for modulating the glial scar after brain ischemia and facilitate tissue regeneration.
A septo-hypothalamic-medullary circuit directs stress-induced analgesia
Authors: Shah Devanshi Piyush , Sharma Pallavi Raj , Agarwal Rachit , Barik Arnab
Published: January 2025

Stress is a potent modulator of pain. Specifically, acute stress due to physical restraint induces stress-induced analgesia (SIA). However, where and how acute stress and pain pathways interface in the brain are poorly understood. Here, we describe how the dorsal lateral septum (dLS), a forebrain limbic nucleus, facilitates SIA through its downstream targets in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) of mice. Taking advantage of transsynaptic viral-genetic, optogenetic, and chemogenetic techniques, we show that the dLS→LHA circuitry is sufficient to drive analgesia and is required for SIA. Furthermore, our results reveal that the dLS→LHA pathway is opioid-dependent and modulates pain through the pro-nociceptive neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM). Remarkably, we found that the inhibitory dLS neurons are recruited specifically when the mice struggle to escape under restraint and, in turn, inhibit excitatory LHA neurons. As a result, the RVM neurons downstream of LHA are disengaged, thus suppressing nociception. Together, we delineate a poly-synaptic pathway that can transform escape behavior in mice under restraint to acute stress into analgesia.
Aeromonas hydrophila CobQ is a new type of NAD+- and Zn2+-independent protein lysine deacetylase
Authors: Wang Yuqian , Wang Guibin , Zhang Lishan , Cai Qilan , Lin Meizhen , Huang Dongping , Xie Yuyue , Lin Wenxiong , Lin Xiangmin
Published: January 2025

Protein N
−
-lysine acetylation (Kac) modifications play crucial roles in diverse physiological and pathological functions in cells. In prokaryotic cells, there are only two types of lysine deacetylases (KDACs) that are Zn
2+
- or NAD
+
-dependent. In this study, we reported a protein, AhCobQ, in
Aeromonas hydrophila
ATCC 7966 that presents NAD
+
- and Zn
2+
-independent KDAC activity. Furthermore, its KDAC activity is located in an unidentified domain (from 195–245 aa). Interestingly, AhCobQ has no homology with current known KDACs, and no homologous protein was found in eukaryotic cells. A protein substrate analysis showed that AhCobQ has specific protein substrates in common with other known KDACs, indicating that these KDACs can dynamically co-regulate the states of Kac proteins. Microbiological methods employed in this study affirmed AhCobQ’s positive regulation of isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD) enzymatic activity at the K388 site, implicating AhCobQ in the modulation of bacterial enzymatic activities. In summary, our findings present compelling evidence that AhCobQ represents a distinctive type of KDAC with significant roles in bacterial biological functions.
Contaminación en ríos de Chile por residuos farmacológicos domiciliarios
Authors:   , Neira Parodi Javiera
Published: January 2025

La contaminación de los ríos chilenos por residuos farmacológicos domiciliarios es un problema creciente y preocupante, que impacta al medio ambiente y a la salud humana. Estos residuos, clasificados como contaminantes emergentes, llegan a los cuerpos de agua principalmente por la eliminación inadecuada de medicamentos o por excreciones humanas. Chile carece de regulaciones específicas para abordar este problema, a pesar de los riesgos asociados con la bioacumulación y la persistencia ambiental de los principios activos farmacéuticos, así como su impacto y contribución a la resistencia a los antimicrobianos mediante el uso de antibióticos. A través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, entrevistas con expertos y el análisis de contexto nacional e internacional, se encontraron brechas regulatorias de Chile en comparación con las mejores prácticas globales. Además, se identificaron actores claves para la propuesta de acciones de política pública. Las soluciones propuestas abarcan acciones a corto plazo, como la creación de puntos de recolección de medicamentos vencidos y en desuso, implementación de educación ambiental, generación de incentivos para estudios y seguimiento, estudio en venta de medicamentos fraccionados, fortalecimiento de medidas a la venta ilegal de medicamentos, entre otras. A mediano plazo, se sugiere integrar los medicamentos al sistema de responsabilidad extendida del productor (REP), tomando como referencia modelos internacionales exitosos; además, de la implementación de un sistema de monitoreo de medicamentos en ríos, priorizando compuestos y cauces en específico. A largo plazo, dependiendo de la efectividad de las medidas anteriores, se plantea actualizar las normas de emisión de aguas residuales, crear normas de calidad secundarias y actualizar la norma de calidad de agua potable.
Influence of Spacing and Mulching on Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. Sweet Charlie in Assam
Authors: Datta Himadri S. , Barua P.C. , Kotoky U. , Das R. , Saikia H. , Devanath H.K. , Hazarika Binita
Published: January 2025

Plant spacing and mulching material have effects on crop growth and yield as they play a vital role in conserving soil moisture, enhancing nutrient and moisture uptake, regulating soil temperature and reducing weed growth. Evident research gap exists on effects of spacing and mulching on growth and development of strawberry. Strawberry is a surface feeder crop, and hence, mulching plays a very important role in providing optimum conditions for root development. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at the farmer’s field in Jorhat district of Assam, during 2019-20 and 2020-21 to study the effect of plant spacing and mulching on root volume of strawberry cv. Sweet Charlie. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications based on 2 factors viz. plant spacing and mulch material. The trial consisted of a total of twenty treatments keeping five different plant spacing levels viz., 20 cm × 30 cm (S1), 30 cm × 30 cm (S2), 30 cm × 40 cm (S3), 40 cm × 40 cm (S4), 40 cm × 60 cm (S5) and four different mulching materials viz., paddy straw (M1), red mulch (M2), silver black mulch (M3) and no mulch (M4). Results revealed that 40 cm × 60 cm spacing under silver black mulch recorded maximum root volume which may have a positive impact on crop yield.
Pneumonia and COVID-19 Classification and Detection Based on Convolutional Neural Network: A Review
Authors: Eido Warveen merza , Yasin Hajar Maseeh
Published: January 2025

Pneumonia diseases are considered one of the most pandemic diseases by the WHO, claiming the lives of millions across the world. Therefore, the necessity of having mechanisms for early diagnosis and detection of these epidemic diseases to preserve people's lives. On the other hand, the increase in cases requires not relying on traditional means of detecting diseases due to these tests' limitations and high costs like RT-PCR and errors in interpretation by humans. Among the available methods for diagnosing Pneumonia diseases are X-rays and CT scans. For accurate and highly efficient diagnosis, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is required. Deep learning has been suggested as the best solution to enhance the prognosis for many lung diseases using CAD systems. The ability of machine learning algorithms was not sufficient to diagnose with high accuracy due to several challenges, like: limited dataset, high computational, and less robustness because of huge numbers of features in the images. The aspiration to deep learning to solve the problems of diagnosis more accurate, especially convolution neural networks, showed impressive results in the classification of images. The convolutions layer in the network with filters automatically discover the critical spatial and temporal features in an image. Hierarchical representations were used in human brains in designing the learning process of CNN. Several deep learning architectures have been used to detect pneumonia diseases, the most popular such as AlexNet, VGG-16, Inception-v1, Inception-v3, ResNet-50, Inception-ResNet-V2, and ResNet201. The strength of CNNs lies in the size of data to be trained. Previous algorithms have been used to pre-train on a vast dataset. An augmentation strategy has been used in the model design to increase the dataset's size and quality artificially. This review aims to pave the way for better, more accurate, and efficient models for early detection and classification of lung diseases to improve patient survival.
Performance of Eight Elite Mulberry Genotypes for Different Growth and Leaf Yield Parameters in Different Seasons and Their Stability
Authors: A S Tejaswini , Chikkalingaiah  , Sadatulla Fatima , Aramani Kaveri , Kumari R Vasantha
Published: January 2025

An investigation was undertaken to study the mean performance of elite mulberry genotypes across different seasons at Department of Sericulture, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru during 2023-24. Stability parameters were estimated and considered for testing the stability of the mulberry genotypes. A stable and promising genotype was identified based on a higher mean, unitary regression (bi) values and minimal or near-zero deviation from regression (S²di). However, the majority of genotypes are less environmental sensitive and adapted to all seasons, thus it is possible to predict performance across all seasons. For vegetative growth parameters across winter, summer and rainy seasons, MI-0014 recorded superiority in almost all the traits studied, including leaf yield per plant, number of branches per plant and shorter internodal distance across three seasons. Genotypes MI-0014 and ME-0067 are considered stable across three seasons based on the G × E interaction and their consistent performance in leaf yield and vegetative trait.
Physio-engineering Properties of Seeds and Fertilizers for Design of Site-specific Seed Cum Fertilizer Applicator
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Kushwaha H.L. , Kumar Adarsh , Parray Roaf Ahmad , Singh Teekam , Meena M.C. , Sarkar Susheel Kumar , B.S. Madhusudan , Rathod Sunil Kumar
Published: January 2025

Field experiment on nutrient dynamics was conducted in the year 2022-23 and 2023-24 at the research farm of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) in New Delhi. Maize seed dimensions varied significantly across varieties, with mean length ranging from 8.24 mm (Kaveri Hybrid 25K55) to 12.42 mm (PUSA HQPM-5). Geometric mean diameter (GMD) and sphericity, indicators of seed shape, ranged from 7.00-7.53 mm and 0.64-0.77 mm, respectively. Coefficients of variation for GMD and sphericity were consistently below 10%. The angle of repose, reflecting flow behavior, ranged from 37.01˚ (PUSA HQPM-5) to 38.53˚ (Kaveri Hybrid 25K55). The coefficient of static friction, highest for wood (0.59) and lowest for mild steel (0.53), suggests mild steel as a preferred material for seed hopper construction. Bulk density of maize varieties ranged from 727 to 811 kg/m³, with PUSA VIVEK exhibiting the lowest (754 kg/m³) and PUSA HQPM-5 the highest (808 kg/m³). True density varied from 1053 to 1192 kg/m³, with PUSA VIVEK showing the lowest and PUSA HQPM-5 the highest values. Coefficients of variation for both bulk and true densities were consistently below 3%. Fertilizer particle dimensions also varied, with mean length, breadth, and thickness ranging from 4.01-4.34 mm, 3.56-3.73 mm, and 2.69-3.43 mm, respectively. DAP exhibited the highest length (5.04 mm), NPK fertilizer the highest breadth (4.34 mm), and NPK complex the highest thickness (3.75 mm). GMD ranged from 3.47-3.63 mm across all fertilizers, while sphericity ranged from 0.81 (DAP) to 0.91 (NPK complex). Bulk density of fertilizers varied from 753.77±11.40 kg/m³ (Urea) to 1236.02±12.36 kg/m³ (NPK fertilizer). True density of DAP was lower (1379.76±24.9 kg/m³) compared to SSP (1950±21.97 kg/m³). The angle of repose ranged from 35.29±0.58˚ (DAP) to 33.32±0.68˚ (SSP), with field-used NPK fertilizer showing the highest bulk density (1236.02±13.62 kg/m³) and an angle of repose of 32.46±1.42˚. These findings provide valuable insights into the physical properties of maize varieties and fertilizer, with implications for seed and fertilizer handling, storage, and agricultural machinery design.
Optimizing Okra Yield: The Synergistic Effects of Land Configuration, Mulching and Fertilizer Management
Authors: Wairagade M.N. , More V.G. , Chavan V.G. , Parulekar Y.R. , More S.S. , Rajemahadik V.A. , Thorat T.N. , Mane M.J
Published: January 2025

The field experiment was carried out during rabi seasons of 2022-23 and 2023-24 at Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Dapoli. Dist. Ratnagiri (M.S.). The soil of the experimental plot was sandy clay loam in texture, low in available nitrogen and very low in phosphorus, medium in potassium, very high in organic carbon and acidic in reaction. The field experiments were laid out in a strip plot design comprising of twelve treatment combinations replicated thrice. The vertical strips consist of four land configurations with or without mulch treatment viz., M1: Raised bed with mulch, M2: Raised bed without mulch, M3: Flatbed with mulch and M4: Flatbed without mulch similarly horizontal strips comprised three fertilizer management practices viz., F1: RDF through straight fertilizer, F2: Konkan Annapurna Briquettes (KAB) + Remaining N, P2O5 and K2O through fertigation and F3: RDF through fertigation. The results revealed that the among the varying land configuration with or without mulch, the treatment raised bed with mulch (M1) significantly enhanced growth, fruit and stalk yield and it was found comparable to each other with the treatment flat bed with mulch (M3). Regarding the different fertilizer management practices, the combination of Konkan Annapurna Briquettes with the remaining RDF applied through fertigation (F2) achieved significantly higher growth parameters, fruit and stalk yield during both the years of experiment and in pooled data. This result was found to be comparable to each other to the treatment involving application of the entire RDF through fertigation (F3) in the okra crop. Evaluating the interaction of treatment combinations, raised bed with mulch including Konkan Annapurna Briquettes plus remaining RDF through fertigation (M1F2) recorded a significant increase in growth, fruit and stalk yield of rabi okra during both the years of experiment and in pooled data.
Identidades e sujeito político no jornal Lampião da Esquina (1978-1981)
Authors: Gomes Gilvana de Fátima Figueiredo
Published: January 2025

A pesquisa investiga o discurso político e identitário do periódico brasileiro Lampião da esquina, que circulou no Brasil entre 1978 e 1981. Publicado no período em que discussões sobre redemocratização política brasileira se fortaleceram (após 1964), o jornal se posicionou frente às esquerdas, bem como procurou delimitar uma identidade às comunidades homossexuais que, à época, encontraram espaço de debate e legitimação. A partir das reflexões dos Estudos Culturais, o trabalho avaliou o discurso identitário dos responsáveis pelo periódico, com atenção a duas seções: Bofarada e Colírio. Concluiu-se que o espaço político construído pelo periódico, foi acompanhado de uma estratégia exclusivista de definição identitária.
Anti‐HER2 Super Stealth Immunoliposomes for Targeted‐Chemotherapy
Authors: Canato Elena , Grigoletto Antonella , Zanotto Ilaria , Tedeschini Tommaso , Campara Benedetta , Quaglio Giovanna , Toffoli Giuseppe , Mandracchia Delia , Dinarello Alberto , Tiso Natascia , Argenton Francesco , Sayaf Katia , Guido Maria , Gabbia Daniela , De Martin Sara , Pasut Gianfranco
Published: August 2023

Liposomes play an important role in the field of drug delivery by virtue of their biocompatibility and versatility as carriers. Stealth liposomes, obtained by surface decoration with hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules, represent an important turning point in liposome technology, leading to significant improvements in the pharmacokinetic profile compared to naked liposomes. Nevertheless, the generation of effective targeted liposomes—a central issue for cancer therapy—has faced several difficulties and clinical phase failures. Active targeting remains a challenge for liposomes. In this direction, a new Super Stealth Immunoliposomes (SSIL2) composed of a PEG‐bi‐phospholipids derivative is designed that stabilizes the polymer shielding over the liposomes. Furthermore, its counterpart, conjugated to the fragment antigen‐binding of trastuzumab (Fab’TRZ‐PEG‐bi‐phospholipids), is firmly anchored on the liposomes surface and correctly orients outward the targeting moiety. Throughout this study, the performances of SSIL2 are evaluated and compared to classic stealth liposomes and stealth immunoliposomes in vitro in a panel of cell lines and in vivo studies in zebrafish larvae and rodent models. Overall, SSIL2 shows superior in vitro and in vivo outcomes, both in terms of safety and anticancer efficacy, thus representing a step forward in targeted cancer therapy, and valuable for future development.
Bioactive Glasses‐Based Nanozymes Composite Macroporous Cryogel with Antioxidative, Antibacterial, and Pro‐Healing Properties for Diabetic Infected Wound Repair
Authors: Zhu Shuangli , Li Maocai , Wang Zetao , Feng Qi , Gao Huichang , Li Qingtao , Chen Xiaofeng , Cao Xiaodong
Published: August 2023

The treatment for diabetic ulcers still remains a big clinic challenge owing to the adverse repair microenvironment. Bioactive glasses (BGs) play an important role in the late stages of healing due to their ability to promote vascularization and collagen fiber deposition, but fail to improve infection and oxidative stress in the early stage.Therefore, it is critical to develop a material involved in regulating the whole healing phases. In this work, BGs‐based nanozymes (MnO2@PDA‐BGs) with antioxidation, antibacterial and pro‐healing abilities are synthesized by the redox deposition of MnO2 on mesoporous BGs. Afterward, cryogel with the interconnected macropore structure is fabricated by the polymerization of methacrylate anhydride gelatin (GelMA) at −20 °C. MnO2@PDA‐BGs are loaded into the cryogel to obtain nanocomposite cryogel (MnO2@PDA‐BGs/Gel) with multiple enzymes‐like‐ activities to eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Besides, MnO2@PDA‐BGs/Gel has intensive peroxidase‐like activity under acidic condition and near infrared photothermal responsiveness to achieve excellent antibacterial performance. Cells experiments demonstrate that MnO2@PDA‐BGs/Gel recruits L929s and promotes their proliferation. Furthermore, MnO2@PDA‐BGs/Gel eliminates intracellular overexpressed ROS and maintains the viability of L929s. Animal experiments confirm that MnO2@PDA‐BGs/Gel promotes wound healing and avoided scarring by killing bacteria, reversing inflammation, promoting vascularization, and improving the deposition of collagen III.
Synthesis of 9,10‐Dibenzoyl‐phenanthrene Derivatives Through a Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Approach
Authors: Arcadi Antonio , Fabrizi Giancarlo , Goggiamani Antonella , Iazzetti Antonia , Iavarone Federica , Marrone Federico , Mazzoccanti Giulia , Sferrazza Alessio
Published: August 2023

A palladium‐catalyzed domino approach toward synthetically challenging phenanthrene derivatives has been developed. The procedure involves a sequence of oxidative homocoupling, cyclization, and oxidation starting from deoxybenzoin derivatives halogenated in the ortho position. Good assembly efficiency and good functional group tolerance have been observed with yields from moderate to excellent. A plausible reaction mechanism has been proposed based on experimental results and literature data.
Selection and adaptation in human migration
Authors: Bell Adrian Viliami
Published: August 2023

This article reviews the ways migration shapes human biology. This includes the physiological and genetic, but also socio‐cultural aspects such as organization, behavior, and culture. Across disciplines I highlight the multiple levels of cultural and genetic selection whereby individuals and groups adapt to pressures along a migration timeline: the origin, transit, and destination. Generally, the evidence suggests that selective pressures and adaptations occur at the individual, family, and community levels. Consequently, across levels there are negotiations, interactions, and feedbacks that shape migration outcomes and the trajectory of evolutionary change. The rise and persistence of migration‐relevant adaptations emerges as a central question, including the maintenance of cumulative culture adaptations, the persistence of “cultures of migration,” as well as the individual‐level physiological and cognitive adaptations applied to successful transit and settlement in novel environments.
Vinegars from fruits of Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O.Berg and Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) Berg: Phytochemical, volatile, and sensory profiles, antioxidant activity, and chemical characteristics
Authors: Pagliarini Cesar Luiz , Pagliarini Mateus Alcides , Santos Viviane Aparecida Figueredo Oliveira , Steffens Cristiano André , Hoff Rodrigo Barcellos , Dognini Jocinei , Crestani Ilene , Dacoreggio Marina Volpato , Bagatini Lucíola , Kempka Aniela Pinto
Published: August 2023

Background

Jabuticaba is a tasty Brazilian fruit that can be used in vinegar production. This study aimed to determine the phenolic, volatile, and sensory profiles; antioxidant activity; and chemical characteristics of vinegars produced with fruits, with and without the peel, of Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O.Berg and Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) Berg.

Results

Fourteen phenolic compounds were identified and quantified, classified between phenolic acids and flavonoids, with emphasis on 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, and sinapic acid. The highest antioxidant activity was found in M. jaboticaba vinegar, made with unpeeled fruits. For volatile compounds, 21 esters, 7 alcohols, 5 terpenes, 1 ketone, and 1 vinylarene were identified. Sensory analysis showed similarities in terms of taste and differences in terms of odor between Jabuticaba vinegars and commercial vinegars. The mineral content demonstrates the nutritional potential of vinegars in terms of macro and micronutrients, with a predominance of potassium and calcium. Phenolic compounds, acetic acid, and esters were the main chemical groups identified. Vinegars, in general, showed differences concerning the presence and absence of peels.

Conclusion

Vinegars produced with different varieties of Jabuticabas can be a promising alternative for obtaining beverages with important compounds for human health, promoting local production, and adding value to regional products.
Study of Metal–Graphene Aerogel for Efficient Solar Energy Interface Evaporation Based on One‐Step Thermal Reduction Method
Authors: Wu Wenjing , Zhu Qunzhi , Liu Qianwen , Yuan Bo
Published: August 2023

Freshwater resources can be sustainably harvested through interfacial evaporation by solar energy. To enhance the efficiency of solar interfacial evaporation, a metal–graphene alcohol gel is synthesized using a one‐step thermal reduction technique. Subsequently, a metal–graphene aerogel (GA) is produced using freeze‐drying technology. The hydrothermal treatment method is applied to introduce asymmetric moisture and roughness on the upper and lower surfaces of the aerogel. The unique structure of the aerogel plays a significant role in facilitating continuous water transport to the interface for evaporation. The top layer, being hydrophobic, and the bottom layer, being hydrophilic, contribute to this process. Importantly, the top layer's design ensures that an excessively thick water film does not form, thereby preventing any adverse effects on light‐absorption efficiency. The aerogel exhibits that an outstanding water‐evaporation rate is 1.75 kg m−2 h−1 and a remarkable photothermal conversion efficiency (PTCE) is 93.17% under one solar radiation intensity. This is because the aerogel has a unique 3D structure. This special 3D structure has an interconnected microporous‐like appearance inside, which increases the evaporation area. Metal–GA is based on the electric field dielectric evaporation mechanism of metal nanoparticles localized surface plasmon resonance effect and the thermal mediated evaporation mechanism of graphene full spectrum. Under the double action, the PTCE is significantly improved. The meticulously created metallic GA performs exceptionally well at evaporating water. As a result, it presents a promising and practical avenue for exploring effective solar interfacial evaporation.
Conclusions
Authors: Papathanassopoulos Stylianos , Miconi Andrea
Published: August 2023

The media systems in Europe have followed the developments in technology and globalization processes, resulting in the fading of concrete borderlines between and across them, paving the way for the establishment of the ‘platform society’. The latter grants dominant status to business and technological change, and it pulls together divergent systems of the communications sector. It operates alongside, and gains from, the advent of globalization, which takes place on both international and local levels. Finally, it changes the social role of media, as in the foreseeable future citizens-viewers will be classified according to their purchasing power.