bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence of self-harm and suicide-related ideation among the Irish Traveller indigenous population presenting to hospital emergency departments: evidence from the National Clinical Programme for Self-Harm
Authors: Kavalidou Katerina , Daly Caroline , McTernan Niall , Corcoran Paul
Published: March 2022

Purpose
Previous research has examined the suicide risk of the Irish Traveller population, but less is known about the prevalence of suicidal behaviours and thoughts of this ethnic minority group recorded at hospital level. The aim of the current study was to compare the incidence of hospital-presenting self-harm and suicide-related ideation of Travellers to non-Traveller patients and describe any ethnic disparities in the aftercare of their presentation.
Methods
A population-based study was conducted for the years 2018–2019. Data were obtained from the service improvement dataset of an Irish dedicated national programme for the assessment of those presenting to emergency departments (EDs) due to self-harm and suicide-related ideation.
Results
24,473 presentations were recorded with 3% of the presentations made by Irish Travellers. Female Traveller patients had 3·04 (95% CI 2·51 − 3·68) higher risk for suicide-related ideation and 3·85 (95% CI 3·37 − 4·41) for self-harm, compared to White Irish female patients. Male Traveller patients had 4·46 (95% CI 3·86 − 5·16) higher risk for suicide-related ideation and 5·43 (95% CI 4·75 − 6·21) higher rates for self-harm presentations. The highest rate ratios for self-harm were observed among older Traveller patients [male: 9·23 (95% CI 5·93 − 14·39); female: 6·79 (95% CI 4·37 − 10·57)]. A higher proportion of Traveller patients requested no next of kin involvement, compared to other ethnicities.
Conclusion
Given that Irish Travellers are at higher risk of suicide-related hospital presentations, compared to other ethnic groups in Ireland, EDs should be viewed as an important suicide intervention point.
PD-1 induced-alveolar macrophages M1 polarization contributes to lung ischemia-reperfusion injury via SHP1/2-PI3K/Akt signaling
Authors: Lin Fei , He Xiaojing , Xiao Jingyuan , Lin Jinyuan , Liu Zhen , Liang Yubing , Dai Huijun , Jing Ren , Li Zhao
Published: March 2022

Background: Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a common and complex pathophysiological process. Activation of alveolar macrophages (AMs) is involved in the inflammatory response and tissue damage during LIRI. Programmed cell death factor-1 (PD-1) plays an important role in immunomodulatory participants in diseases progression by regulating apoptosis and polarization of macrophages. In this study, we investigated the function of PD-1 on macrophage polarization during pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion.Methods: We conducted experiments both in a rat model of lung ischemia/reperfusion injury and in NR8383 cells (a rat alveolar macrophage line) model of oxygen-glucose deprivation-reoxygenation (OGD/R). The extent of lung injury was measured by pathohistological lung tissue damage, wet/dry ratios of pulmonary tissue, levels of inflammatory factors. Western blot was used to detect the relative expression of PD-1, SHP1, SHP2, p-Akt, and Akt. Expression of surface markers on macrophages was measured by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence staining.Results: The results showed that the expression of PD-1 increased in both in vivo and in vitro models, which promoted the polarization of M1 macrophages, resulting in the aggravation of the pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury. These effects were at least partially attributable to PD-1 inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway by regulating SHP1/2. Conclusion: PD-1 may exacerbate LIRI by promoting macrophage polarization, and inhibition of PD-1 may be an important role and therapeutic target of acute lung injury.
Barriers to access prehospital care in Jimma City, Oromia Region of Ethiopia
Authors: Ibro Shemsedin Amme , Seid Sheka Shemsi , Akuma Adugna Olani , Haso Tura Koshe , Ahmed Abdulwahid Awol , Senbiro Ismael Ahmed , Moga Tolasa Takele , Fata Gutema Ahmed , Ahmed Muktar Beshir , Hebo Habtamu Jarso , Waga Sultan Suleman , Melkamu Gemechis , Reta Ebrahim Yimam , Chala Shimelis Legese , Lippi Matthew , Mould-Millman Nee-Kofi
Published: March 2022

Background: African nations experience a significant proportion of the global burden of death and disability. The provision of prehospital emergency care has been shown to partially reduce excess morbidity and mortality. However, access to prehospital care in Africa is still limited. This study sought to identify barriers to access prehospital care in the city of Jimma, Ethiopia.Methods: This is an interview-based qualitative study of key prehospital stakeholders in Jimma, conducted in February 2018. A purposive sample of individuals from the community and local ambulance organizations was selected for interviews. Interviews were conducted in local languages, translated into English, and then coded for consistent themes. Results: All respondents felt that prehospital care was difficult to access and therefore infrequently utilized. This was due to a combination of a limited number of ambulances, the lack of a toll-free emergency number, the lack of a single organized Emergency Medical Service (EMS) system, inconsistent and limited training of ambulance crews, public mistrust of the existing system, poor road infrastructure, and limited public understanding of the role of prehospital care. Respondents suggested that establishment of a formalized prehospital care system, investment in infrastructure, establishment of a toll-free emergency number, public awareness campaigns, and more widely available emergency medical training, which were feasible solutions to these current barriers to access.Conclusion: Multiple barriers to accessing prehospital care were identified in Jimma. Establishing a formalized, well-resourced prehospital system in parallel with improving community capacity and knowledge building were suggested solutions to improve access. Hence, interventions to improve prehospital emergency care delivery should ideally target these identified barriers and proposed solutions.
The Impact of an Employee’s Psychological Contract Breach on Compliance with Information Security Policies: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
Authors: Lee Daeun , Michaelides Nadine , Lallie Harjinder
Published: March 2022

Despite the rapid rise in social engineering attacks, not all employees are as compliant with information security policies (ISPs) to the extent that organisations expect them to be. ISP non-compliance is caused by a variety of psychological motivation. This study investigates the effect of psychological contract breach (PCB) of employees on ISP compliance intention (ICI) by dividing them into intrinsic and extrinsic motivation using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and the general deterrence theory (GDT). Data analysis from UK employees (n=206) showed that the higher the PCB, the lower the ICI. The study also found that PCBs significantly reduced intrinsic motivation (attitude and perceived fairness) for ICI, whereas PCBs did not moderate the relationship between extrinsic motivation (sanction severity and sanctions certainty) and ICI. As a result, this study successfully addresses the risks of PCBs in the field of IS security and proposes effective solutions for employees with high PCBs.
MUSE: An open-source agent-based integrated assessment modelling framework
Authors: Giarola Sara , Sachs Julia , d'Avezac Mayeul , Kell Alexander , Hawkes Adam
Published: March 2022

Integrated assessment models (IAMs) are a cornerstone of the climate change mitigation. Each IAM exhibits different methodologies for characterising the energy system, land use change, economics, and climate response. To date, no existing IAM can simulate the heterogeneity of investor or consumer decision-making in an integrated assessment context.This paper presents an open-source modelling framework designed to fill that gap. Named MUSE (ModUlar energy systems Simulation Environment), this new model supports flexible characterisation of agents’ decision-making, including imperfect foresight. It is modular, technology-rich, recursive-dynamic, and partial-equilibrium in nature. The structure of MUSE creates the ability to produce climate change mitigation assessments that are more grounded, and more tangible model outputs for conceiving effective approaches to mitigation.
Hilbert’s First Problem and the New Progress of Infinity Theory
Authors: Wang Xijia
Published: March 2022

In the 19th century, Cantor created the infinite cardinal number theory based on the "1-1 correspondence" principle. The continuum hypothesis is proposed under this theoretical framework. In 1900, Hilbert made it the first problem in his famous speech on mathematical problems, which shows the importance of this question. We know that the infinitesimal problem triggered the second mathematical crisis in the 17-18th centuries. The Infinity problem is no less important than the infinitesimal problem. In the 21st century, Sergeyev introduced the Grossone method from the principle of "whole is greater than part", and created another ruler for measuring infinite sets. At the same time, 16 the development of the infinity theory provides new ideas for solving Hilbert's first problem, and provides a new mathematical foundation for Cosmic Continuum Theory
SIX5-activated LINC01468 promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression by recruiting SERBP1 to regulate SERPINE1 mRNA stability and recruiting USP5 to facilitate PAI1 protein deubiquitylation
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Zhou Danyang , Chen Feifei , Yang Zhenhua , Gu Wei , Zhang Kai
Published: March 2022

Increasing research has uncovered the involvement of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the progression of multiple cancers including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). RT-qPCR and western blot were done to measure RNAs and proteins. Functional assays assessed LUAD cell biological behaviors under knockdown or overexpression of LINC01468, SIX5, SERBP1 or SERPINE1, and the specific function of those genes in regulating LUAD progression was evaluated via animal experiments. Supported by bioinformatics analysis, the interaction among genes was verified via mechanism assays. Upregulation of LINC01468 in LUAD tissues and cells as well as its association with poor clinical outcome was predicted. LINC01468, transcriptionally activated by SIX5, could strengthen proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities of LUAD cells. The oncogenic role of LINC01468 was further validated via animal experiments. SIX5 was a positive transcription regulator of LINC01468 and could exacerbate LUAD cell malignant behaviors. LINC01468 could recruit SERBP1 to enhance SERPINE1 mRNA stability and interact with USP5 to affect PAI1 protein ubiquitination. The oncogenic role of SERBP1 and SERPINE1 was also confirmed. Rescue experiments finally verified LINC01468 modulated proliferation, migration and invasion of LUAD cells via upregulation of SERPINE1. Our observations could contribute to deeper understanding of LUAD.
Independent and Joint Effects of Body Mass Index and Metabolic Health in Mid- and Late-life on All-Cause Mortality: A Cohort Study from the Swedish Twin Registry with a Mean Follow-up of 13 Years
Authors: Ler Peggy , Li Xia , Hassing Linda B , Reynolds Chandra A , Finkel Deborah , Karlsson Ida K , Aslan Anna K Dahl
Published: March 2022

Background
There is robust evidence that in midlife, higher body mass index (BMI) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), which often co-exist, are associated with increased mortality risk. However, late-life findings are inconclusive, and few studies have examined how metabolic health status (MHS) affects the BMI–mortality association in different age categories. We, therefore, aimed to investigate how mid- and late-life BMI and MHS interact to affect the risk of mortality.
Methods
This cohort study included 12,467 participants from the Swedish Twin Registry, with height, weight, and MHS measures from 1958—2008 and mortality data linked through 2020. We applied Cox proportional hazard regression with age as a timescale to examine how BMI categories (normal weight, overweight, obesity) and MHS (identification of MetS determined by presence/absence of hypertension, hyperglycemia, low HDL, hypertriglyceridemia), independently and in interaction, are associated with the risk of all-cause mortality. Models were adjusted for sex, education, smoking, and cardiovascular disease.
Results
The midlife group included 6,252 participants with a mean age of 59.6 years (range = 44.9—65.0) and 44.1% women. The late-life group included 6,215 participants with mean age 73.1 years (65.1—95.3) and 46.6% women. In independent effect models, metabolically unhealthy status in midlife increased mortality risks by 31% [hazard ratio 1.31; 95% confidence interval 1.12–1.53] and in late-life, by 18% (1.18;1.10–1.26) relative to metabolically healthy individuals. Midlife obesity increased the mortality risks by 30% (1.30;1.06–1.60) and late-life obesity by 15% (1.15; 1.04–1.27) relative to normal weight. In joint models, the BMI estimates were attenuated while those of MHS were less affected. Models including BMI-MHS categories revealed that, compared to metabolically healthy normal weight, the metabolically unhealthy obesity group had increased mortality risks by 53% (1.53;1.19—1.96) in midlife, and across all BMI categories in late-life (normal weight 1.12; 1.01–1.25, overweight 1.10;1.01–1.21, obesity 1.31;1.15–1.49). Mortality risk was decreased by 9% (0.91;0.83–0.99) among those with metabolically healthy overweight in late-life.
Conclusions
MHS strongly influenced the BMI-mortality association, such that individuals who were metabolically healthy with overweight or obesity in mid- or late-life did not carry excess risks of mortality. Being metabolically unhealthy had a higher risk of mortality independent of their BMI.
Generalized Backward doubly SDEs driven by Lévy processes with discontinuous and linear growth coefficients
Authors: Owo Jean-Marc , Aman A.
Published: March 2022

This paper deals with generalized backward doubly stochastic differential equations driven by a Lévy process (GBDSDEL, in short). Under left or right continuous and linear growth conditions, we prove the existence of minimal (resp. maximal) solutions.MSC:Primary: 60F05, 60H15; Secondary: 60J30
Tongue Ulcer as a Manifestation of Secondary HIV-Associated Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Kukurika A. V. , Iurovskaia I. A. , Iurovskaia E. I.
Published: March 2022

Tuberculosis of the tongue is one of the rare localizations of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The article presents a clinical case of secondary tuberculous glossitis with concurrent multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in a 35-year-old HIV-infected patient. Despite relatively rapid verification of the diagnosis, the clinical situation was difficult due to differential diagnosis with nonspecific lesions, unknown HIV status, and detection of drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This case illustrates the step-by-step diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous ulcers of the tongue and lungs. The comprehensive examination with the use of molecular genetic, bacteriological, histological, and X-ray diagnostic tools contributed to the timely prescription of the adequate anti-tuberculosis therapy regimen.
XXIII Encuentro Nacional de Investigación
Authors: Arias Ochoa Sara , Posada Bedoya Estefanía
Published: March 2022

Las memorias del presente texto dan cuenta del trabajo realizado por docentes y estudiantes interesados en la investigación, quienes, con creatividad, innovaron para mostrar los productos realizados durante el año de los cambios. El año 2020 sí existe y es el año de la innovación.
THE GERUND AND GERUNDIVE IN THE WORKS OF TACITUS AND PLINY THE YOUNGER
Authors:   University of Banja Luka Faculty of Philosophy, S. Prtija Slobodanka
Published: March 2022

The gerund is a defective verbal noun and the gerundive is a passive verbal adjective in -ndus, -a, -um with necessitative meaning. This paper presents some results obtained from a comparison of the various uses gerunds and gerundives in the Annals of Tacitus and in the Letters of Pliny the Younger, i.e. in such diﬀerent literary forms as epistolography and history. The diﬀerence in the frequency of use of certain constructions by the two authors is very interesting and noticeable. The use of a gerund or of a gerundive is also the result of selection in stylistic presentation. In general Tacitus is much more free in his usage than Pliny. In the Annals we found 191 cases of the use of the gerund and 331 of the gerundive. However, in Pliny the gerunds are slightly in excess of the gerundive (152 to 106). Another very noticeable point of diﬀerence between our two authors is that in Tacitus the dative of gerundive makes a large per cent (37) of all the gerundive uses, a much larger proportion than is found in Pliny (3 per cent). The same case is with the use of the ablative of the gerund without a preposition. In the Annals this construction occurs 57 times, against only nine cases of the ablative of the gerund in Pliny. However, an analysis and classification of all occurrences of the gerund and gerundive in Pliny and Tacitus may also confirm the similarity of the use of these verbal forms in the Annals and in the Letters.
STRESS TRANSFER TO THE PROCLITIC IN SPEECH ON THE RADIO AND TELEVISION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA
Authors:   University of Banja Luka Faculty of Philology, M. Cukut Slađana
Published: March 2022

This paper is based on the material collected according to the pronunciation of professional speakers on the Radio Television of the Republic of Srpska and shows that in modern Serbian of the Ijekavian dialect words are most often pronounced without transferring the accent. It is quite common to transfer the accents from some forms of personal and demonstrative pronouns, although even then words are more often pronounced without transferring. In the forms of some other pronouns transferring occurs by exception. Stress transfer from nouns to the proclitic it is also rarely realised. Transferring is required to the proclitic ne in the negative forms of the present in the pronunciation of the professional speakers whose dialect base is the northwestern branch of the Herzegovina-Krajina dialect, which is also the case in other dialects. Anyway, in modern speech, in the transferring of accents, it is possible only from one-syllable and two-syllable words to monosyllabic proclitic, while the transferring from multi-syllable words and to monosyllabic proclitic completely disappears.
A CONTRASTIVE AND CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS OF THE GERMAN AND SERBIAN EXPRESSIONS WITH THE COMPONENT TÜR/VRATA
Authors:   University of Novi Sad Faculty of Philosophy Department of German Studies, S. Nikolić Aleksandar
Published: March 2022

The aim of this paper was to indicate the similarities and diﬀerences between the expressions with the component Tür/vrata (Eng. door) in German and Serbian. The corpus of this research consists of 25 expressions excerpted from the appropriate monolingual and bilingual dictionaries of both languages, where the source language is German and the target is Serbian. The corpus was first subjected to a contrastive analysis in order to determine the degree of equivalence between the two languages, with a distinction made between complete, zero and partial equivalence. The corpus was also subjected to a conceptual analysis, with the aim to establish whether the expressions were based on metaphor or metonymy and identify the diﬀerences in conceptualisation between the two languages. The results of the analysis showed that German and Serbian largely coincide when it comes to expressions with the mentioned component, and that metonymisation occurs more often in relation to metaphorisation. The expressions with the component Tür/vrata overlap to a considerable extent when it comes to conceptualisation. Doors usually represent obstacles or boundaries between interior and exterior space. In many examples, the key point is whether the door is open or closed. While the closed door implies the inaccessibility of what is in the closed space to all those who are in the external environment, the open door does the opposite. Based on that, we can conclude that phraseological semantics largely preserves the traces of symbolic and semantic values of this term. The diﬀerences in the conceptualization of the two languages are most noticeable in the examples where the contrastive observation identified a match only at the semantic level. The scientific methods used in this paper are the interlingual contrastive and conceptual analysis.
REPORTING ON CORONAVIRUS USING THE EXAMPLE OF SPANISH MEDIA EL PAÍS, LA VANGUARDIA Y 20 MINUTOS
Authors:   University of Belgrade Faculty of Philology, Z. Huber Ana
Published: March 2022

The topic of this paper is the reporting of media on the coronavirus and side phenomena of global sanitary crisis caused by COVID-19 at the example of three Spanish daily magazines (online versions): El País, La Vanguardia and 20 minutos. We have analysed the articles published during 2020. The aim of this paper is to present similarities and diﬀerences in media coverage of the topic of coronavirus using the example of three media outlets with large inﬂuence, but with a diﬀerent level of credibility. We have selected four texts from each newspaper, one for each of four key phases of the pandemic. According to our methodology, these phases are: first outbreak of contagion in China, first confirmed death in Spain, declaration of state of alarm and lockdown and the first end of state of alarm and lockdown on June 21st 2020. We also analysed twelve more articles, using the inductive, deductive and comparative method, that inform about various aspects of life in the time of the pandemic: civil rights (especially curfew), public health, economy and celebrities tested positive for coronavirus. During the analysis, we have focused on the elements of journalistic language, as well as the ethics of journalists’ gaze at COVID-19. We have taken into consideration some linguistic elements like: evidentiality, combination of formal, neutral and informal speech, eufemism and political correctness, metaphore, word order, neologisms, verb forms, graphostylistic marks.
WHAT CAN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS LEARN FROM MULTIDISCIPLINARY HUMOUR RESEARCH
Authors:   University of Banja Luka Faculty of Philology, R. Josifović-Elezović Sanja
Published: March 2022

The aim of this article is to explore the advantages of the employment of humour in foreign language teaching for teachers and adult learners. How could teachers and learners in foreign language instruction benefit from improved humour awareness and developed humour competence? The paper reviews major definitions, theories, functions, and types of humour from multidisciplinary humour research, and examines the role of humour in foreign language instruction in view of important empirical findings and current requirements for foreign language speakers as stated in Common European Reference for Languages (2020). Conclusions suggest which kinds of humour should be incorporated into a contemporary foreign language classroom, and why. Further study recommendations are proposed that would allow for more eﬀective applications of humour in modern adult foreign language education.
CULTURE LITTÉRAIRE DU HÉROS STENDHALIEN JULIEN SOREL
Authors:   Université de Niš Faculté de Philosophie Département de langue et littérature françaises, S. Vučelj Nermin
Published: March 2022

Le Rouge et le Noir est un roman sur l’éducation sentimentale de Julien Sorel dont les idéaux juvéniles se heurtent à la réalité politique de la Restauration, origine du drame du héros romanesque. L’éducation sentimentale de Sorel et l‘évolution de son esprit sont dues aussi bien aux leçons tirées des livres qu’à celles de l’expérience de vie. Les lectures du héros stendhalien, loin de le divertir, l’éduquent et forgent son caractère. Le but de cette recherche est, en premier lieu, de présenter la culture littéraire de Julien Sorel, et d’analyser comment les lectures engendrent les idées des personnages romanesques et inﬂuencent leurs actes. La présente recherche tente aussi d’étudier le contexte sociopolitique des références littéraires fgurant dans ce roman politique par excellence.
CRNJANSKI – FREILIGRATH – WHITMAN: CONNECTIONS AND INFLUENCES
Authors:   University of Belgrade Faculty of Philology German department, M. Lazić-Gavrilović Aleksandra
Published: March 2022

This paper seeks to shed light on Ferdinand Freiligrath`s and Walt Whitman`s impact upon Miloš Crnjanski`s early political and poetological reﬂections. It is interesting that the Serbian poet and writer, who rarely and reluctantly spoke about his literary role models, mentions the German poet Ferdinand Freiligrath twice in his autobiographical work Ithaca and Comments, claiming he identified with him during his youth. Although obvious connections can be found in political ideas and revolutionary aspirations shared by the two poets, Freiligrath's significance seems to lie in the fact that he introduced Walt Whitman to the German literary audience and thus undoubtedly inﬂuenced the development of modern poetry.
CREATING AS DECEPTION: THE CONCEPT OF ‘CULTURE OF ERASUREʼ IN MURIEL SPARKʼS NOVEL THE FINISHING SCHOOL
Authors:   University of East Sarajevo Faculty of Philosophy, M. Jović Božica
Published: March 2022

This paper will deal with the peculiar, Scottish view of the position of creative imagination in literature. A specific cultural background for this view will be presented, together with the reading of one of the latest novels by Muriel Spark, The Finishing School (2004). Concepts such as ‘culture of erasure,’ ‘Calvinism’ and its cultural heritage in the modern Scotland, as well as the role ‘imagination’ plays in the national spirit against the specific Scottish historical background will be investigated into. The focus of the paper will be less on Muriel Spark as an individual author, rather, the point of the paper will be how to contextualise some themes within Spark’s novel within the specificity of a national culture and history.
INTERMEDIALITY IN PU SONGLING’S PROSE ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SHORT STORY PAINTED WALL
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Ignatenko Alexander
Published: March 2022

The article presents a new approach to the analysis of the novel Painted Wall by Pu Songling (蒲松齡, 1640–1715) based on the method of intermedial analysis. The novel considered in the article, which is far from the last place in the work of the classic, has not been considered before in the aspect of intermedia. In this regard, the main purpose of the article is to analyze the presence of a non-verbal pictorial “language” in a story, to form an idea of an intermedial-ekphrastic representation as a specific artistic technique used by Pu Songling. On the basis of the material of the story, a particular case of the writer using an ecphrastic description of a painted wall, which is based on the principle of highlighting the motive of mystical “revival”, is considered. In the course of the study, it was possible to find out that the manner of the ecphrastic description of the painting presented in the novel is built precisely in the aspect of intermedia, that is, from the point of view of the representation of the non-verbal artistic “language” in verbal discourse.
SPIRITUAL COMMUNICATION ACROSS TIME AND SPACE — ON THE SUCCESS OF LIAOZHAI STUDY BY V. M. ALEXEYEV
Authors:   Tianjin Normal University, Li Yijin
Published: March 2022

Russian sinologist V. M. Alexeyev translated and studied Liaozhai according to the new “artistic requirements” in the Soviet era, that is: 1) the requirement to introduce the real Chinese language and art works to the Russian and Soviet people and show his translation talent; 2) the requirement to adapt to the historical culture and aesthetic psychology of the Russian nation and meet the needs of the Russian people; 3) the requirement to conform to the popular social trend of thought among Russian humanistic intellectuals at the turn of the 19th–20th century, and to introduce Oriental wisdom; 4) the requirement to communicate with Pu Songling, an ancient Chinese writer who has common ground in life experience and social ideal, and to express his inner feelings and resonance. Alexeyev’s spiritual communication with Pu Songling is not only the impetus of his whole life to study Liaozhai, but also the secret of his great success in Liaozhai study.
UNREACHABLE IDEALS: BETWEEN SATIRE AND UTOPIA IN OTHER WORLDS OF LIAOZHAI ZHIYI
Authors:   International Consortium for Research in the Humanities, Aude Lucas ,   East Asian Civilizations Research Centre
Published: March 2022

Luosha Haishi 羅殺海市 (Lz 132) is a very emblematic tale of Pu Songling’s (蒲松齡, 1640–1715), as it involves emblematic themes of Liaozhai zhiyi (聊齋誌異): a critical view of society, an adventure into enchanted lands, and a complex relationship to an independent, powerful woman. The tale tells about the journey of a man who, after having been lost at sea, visits two imaginary worlds. Luosha Haishi reveals its originality when comparing both these places. The first one, the Country of Rakshasas, is a state in which physical appearance determines one’s social status. This society is a satirical portrayal mirroring Pu’s vision of Qing China officialdom. Conversely, the City of the Sea, the character’s second place of stay, is a utopian undersea place where the character knows immediate success. Luosha Haishi thus makes the bitter statement of the impossibility to access glory and richness when one does not wish to hide behind appearances, while for it to occur it would require an ideal world that exists only in imagination.
PU SONGLING’S LITERARY HERITAGE AND ITS TRANSLATIONS INTO RUSSIAN
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Storozhuk Alexander
Published: March 2022

While speaking of Pu Songling’s (1640–1715) impact on the Chinese literature one can’t help mentioning his short stories about fox turnskins and other wonders, known in English as Strange Tales from the Chinese Studio (Liao Zhai zhi yi). Commonly here the general survey concludes, and the main efforts are directed to analysis of the author’s pencraft and concealed political implications, since most of the plots are believed to be not original but adopted from earlier oeuvre. Thus the two major implied notions can be worded in the following fashion: 1) Strange Tales are the only work by Pu Songling to be mentioned and 2) they happen to be quite a secondary piece of literature based on borrowed stories and twisted about to serve the new main objective — mockery on social and political routine of the author’s present. The chief idea of the article is to cast a doubt on both of these notions and to show diversity and richness of Pu Songling’s genres and subjects as well as finding out the basis of these texts’ attractiveness for readers for more than 300 years. The other goal of the paper is to give a short overview of Pu Songling’s translations into Russian and their influence on the literary tradition of modern Russian prose. The main focus is put on the difficulties any translator is to face, on the quest for the optimal form of reproduction of the original’s peculiarities. Since the language of Pu Songling’s stories is Classical Chinese (wenyan), the author’s mastership in reproduction of different speech styles including common vernacular is also to be mentioned and analyzed.
NOVELTY AND VARIETY — ON THE DREAM NOVELS OF STRANGE STORIES FROM A CHINESE STUDIO
Authors:   Tianjin Normal University, Zeng Siyi
Published: March 2022

There are almost 500 novels included in Pu Songling’s tale collection Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio, of which more than 70 relate to dreams. However, nearly 30 novels can be called dream novels in a formal sense, such as Mural, Becoming Immortal and Fengyang Scholar. The main features of dream novels are novelty and variety. On the basis of inheritance from the previous Chinese dream novels, Pu’s dream novels have innovated in some ways with new changes or development of the theme. Further, novelty in artistic forms lies in the bold and innovative narrative techniques. Also, Pu’s dream novels are more diverse and vary in the content and form which have broken through the plainness of the previous. The content covers a wide range of topics, among which society, love and philosophy are the top three. In the form of writing dreams, there are multiple forms such as whole dreams, intermittent dreams, dreams within dreams, repeated dreams, daydreams, etc.
THE NORMAL AND THE EXCEPTIONAL: A COMPARISON OF PU SONGLING’S AND MO YAN’S SURREAL WORLDS
Authors:   Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Schiele Alexandre
Published: March 2022

From a comparison of the surreal worlds of Pu Songling and Mo Yan in their respective auctorial context, this paper argues that although Pu Songling’s short stories integrate surreal elements, contrary to the accepted typology of genres, they fall into realistic and not speculative fiction because the worldview of Imperial China in which he lived not only accepted the supernatural as real, but as foundational to the traditional order. By comparison, Mo Yan’s supernatural stories partly fall within supernatural literature, because post-1949 China espoused a scientific worldview which banishes the supernatural. On a second level, however, both Pu Songling’s and Mo Yan’s surreal fictions are political satires of their times. Yet, even on this point they diverge. While Pu Songling articulates the social and political criticism of his present to surreal elements, Mo Yan casts the surreal as a stand-in for the exceptional situations of his recent past which are the object of his criticisms.
A HALF BOTTLE OF VINEGAR OR ZHANG THE DRAUGHTSMAN’S LITERARY OPINIONS
Authors:   Russian Academy of Sciences Library, Vinogradova Tatiana
Published: March 2022

“A half bottle of vinegar” is a Chinese idiom academician Vasily Alekseev characterized the artists of Chinese popular prints nianhua. As a rule, these artisans were half-educated people without full complex of classical Confucian knowledge. These people were the conductors of ideas and images of high culture to the broad masses of consumers of folk pictures. One of them “the Draughtsman” Zhang Haoru (章浩如, 1870–?) helped V. M. Alekseev to disassemble his enormous collection of popular prints. We have at our disposal many comments belong to the Zhang Hao-ru’s brush, preserved at the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg branch (Stock 820, inventory 1) and we can get an idea of his education level and literary preferences.
THE ROLE OF CONFUCIAN CULTURE TEXTS IN SHAPING THE MORAL IDEAL IN CHINA IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Ishutina Yuliya
Published: March 2022

Globalization, as the form of existence of a consumer community recommended by Western culture, besides tangible material benefits intended for new members of the community, is fraught with existential dangers for the existence of distinctive cultures. The intensive processes of globalization, which include almost all states of the modern world, are characterized by a specific dialogue between the global culture and the cultures of traditional communities. They are forced to respond to every globalization challenge in order to preserve the integrity of the cultural core. The Chinese continental society successfully solves this problem by referring to the texts of Confucian culture, which are adapted to the requirements of the time and updated to the new specifics of Chinese everyday life.
CONTEMPORARY CHINESE WRITERS AND LIAO ZHAI ZHI YI — USING THE EXAMPLE OF SUN LI, WANG ZENGQI AND GAO XIAOSHENG
Authors:   Nanjing University, Wang Binbin
Published: March 2022

Since Mo Yan received the Nobel prize and also because he said many times that he considers Pu Songling his teacher, and he on more than one occasion reiterated that he was heavily influenced by Liao Zhai zhi yi, literary connections between Mo Yan and Pu Songling have been discussed by many literary scholars and critics. However, when it comes to contemporary literati, the scope of writers influenced by Liao Zhai zhi yi and those who revere this masterpiece is in no way limited by Mo Yan only. In such dimensions as literary style, approach to subject selection, character depiction and others, Liao Zhai zhi yi in one way or another exerted an influence over other writers. This paper deals with the influence exerted by Liao Zhai zhi yi on the linguistic consciousness, moral concepts and character depiction in contemporary Chinese literature, using Sun Li, Wang Zengqi and Gao Xiaosheng as examples. The clear and polished writing of Liao Zhai zhi yi, being exquisitely melodic throughout, the praise it gives to the persons who put morals and friendship before material possessions and are unwilling to forgo them even faced with the choice between life and death as well as the depiction of female characters — all of this served as an example and an inspiration for Sun Li, Wang Zengqi and Gao Xiaosheng.
THE INTERNET NOVEL IN MAINLAND CHINA: A NEW TREND IN CHINESE LITERATURE IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Authors:   School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Wan Fang
Published: March 2022

Internet novel has formed a new trend in Chinese literature, changing the literary and cultural landscape of mainland China in the 21st century. This essay takes The Legend in Pavilion (小樓傳說) and A Devil Sold for One Coin per Pound (一銀幣一磅的 惡魔) as examples to explore how Chinese internet novel expands the dynamic between author, text, and reader by offering a space for readers to influence and shape the texts the author is creating on certain websites. Through hyperlinks, comments, and polls, the readers of The Legend in Pavilion can actually take part in the creation of this novel. A Devil Sold for One Coin per Pound shows another way of readers’ participation. Like video games, this novel provides readers various clear choices. During the reading process, readers can control the development of the novel by choosing from those options. Instead of arranging all of the elements in a fixed linear pattern, internet novel is presented in a non-linear and interactive form.
GHOST FROM THE FUTURE: HONG KONG TEMPORALITIES IN THE FILM ROUGE
Authors:   The University of British Columbia, Liu Yuqing
Published: March 2022

This paper explores how the film Rouge (1987) adapts and transforms traditional ghost narratives and how the cinematic anxiety of time is associated with the countdown temporality of Hong Kong in the 1980s. I argue that Rouge transforms two narrative structures of traditional Chinese literature — Caizi-jiaren (scholar-beauty) and the “historical ghost tale” — to foreground the particular temporality of Hong Kong. Firstly, the returning of the female ghost and her failure in pursuit of love intensifies the conflict between the modern linear time and the cosmological ghostly time and poignantly manifests the impossibility of a fifty-year unchanged commitment. Secondly, unlike traditional “historical ghost tales” in which ghosts were called back by traumas of the collapse of old dynasties, the revenant of the heroin in this film returns to the living world for the prearranged trauma of the future, due to the particular temporality of countdown Hong Kong has confronted since 1982. The countdown forced Hong Kong to enter a circular time and to experience the prearranged calamity in the future. Thus, I contend that this film rehearses a demise of Hong Kong, which exacerbates, rather than alleviates, the anxiety and pain associated with the traumatic experience.
LETTERED WORDS IN CHINESE LITERATURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY (BASED ON LU XUN’S WORKS)
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations, Uryvskaya Tatiana
Published: March 2022

The article considers lettered words as a special stylistic device of Lu Xun’s works, as well as the periodization of his works, built on the principle of changing the number of used lettered words. The author analyzed the stories included in the collection “Call to Arms”, relating to the second period of the writer’s work, selected lettered words of stories, identified the main lexical categories, grammatical and stylistic functions of the selected vocabulary. The author concluded that the Lu Xun did not use lettered words in order to name objects in a Western way, he endowed them with special functions, invested special meaning in them.
UNDERSTANDING OF RUSSIAN AND SOVIET LITERATURE DURING THE “CULTURAL REVOLUTION” IN CHINA
Authors:   Nanjing University, Dong Xiao
Published: March 2022

Russian and Soviet literature had a special experience in China during the “Cultural Revolution”. It was fiercely criticized by the Chinese critical circle at that time, and this criticism embodies the unique characteristics of “skewness and rightness”. At the same time, although there is a sharp contrast between the fierce criticism of Russian and Soviet literature during the “Cultural Revolution” period and the worship of it during the “seventeen years”, the criticism still reveals a similar literary concept with the “seventeen years” behind it, and also has some secret connection with the mainstream literature of the Soviet Union. This criticism of Russian Soviet literature during the “Cultural Revolution” was inevitably related to the cold reception of Russian Soviet literature in contemporary China.
THE FORGOTTEN WAR: WORKS BY N. A. LUKHMANOVA ABOUT MANCHURIA
Authors:   Moscow State University, Levitskaia Tatiana
Published: March 2022

Nadezhda Lukhmanova (1841–1907) was a novelist, playwright, publicist, lecturer. Today her name is almost forgotten, but at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries she was well-known throughout Russia: her artistic and dramatic works were widely in demand, she gave lectures in the capital and abroad, worked as a journalist in the leading St. Petersburg newspapers. At the age of 62, she took part in the Russian-Japanese war as a nurse of the Red Cross and war correspondent (Peterburgskaia gazeta, Yuzhniy Krai). During her stay in the war and later in Japan, Lukhmanova wrote not only travel notes and articles for newspapers, but also short plays, stories based on real events (Shaman, Black stripe, Tree in the Palace of Chizakuin, Li-Tun-Chi), stylization of Chinese and Japanese fairy tales (The Only Language Clear for a Woman, Human Soul, Typhoon, Golden Fox). The writer raised a variety of topics: the place and role of women in the war, the organization of hospitals, unjustified victims of war and the problem of moral choice, as well as ethnographic sketches devoted to the traditions and mode of life of Manchuria and Japan. And if its early records resemble ethnographic sketches, filled with wariness towards the local population and a lack of understanding of Chinese customs, then later, in fairy tales and diary sketches, the sense of guilt before the Chinese people for the bloody slaughter taking place on their land becomes more clearly apparent. The works of the writer were undeservedly forgotten for more than a hundred years and are just beginning their return to literary memory.
LIU RENHANG AND HERBERT G. WELLS
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Martynov Dmitry
Published: March 2022

Liu Renhang (1885–1938) was known as a Shanghai publicist and propagandist of Buddhism, vegetarianism and non-violence. Having been educated in Japan, he could not establish relations with Zhang Xun and Yan Xishan. He made a long journey to India and Indochina, talked with Rabindranath Tagore. In the 1920s and 1930s, Liu Renhang published over 30 books, mostly translated from Japanese and English. He published translations of L. N. Tolstoy’s short stories, books on hydrotherapy and yoga, and founded the Institute for the Cultivation of Joy in Shanghai (乐天 修养 馆). The main work of his life was Dongfang Datong Xuean in 6 juan, the creation of which was carried out in 1918–1924. The treatise was fully published in Shanghai in 1926, and was reprinted in 1991 and 2014. Its main content was to consider the classical ideals of Xiaokang and Datong, and the possibility of combining ideals with the realities of the modern world. Liu Renhang believed that the ideal of Datong Confucius and Kang Yuwei is fully compatible with Buddhist teachings. During the fifth session of the Central Election Commission of the Kuomintang of the fourth convocation (1934), he tried to announce at the meeting a petition on the introduction of the principle of Great Unity in international relations. In 1938, he created the utopian commune Datong in his native village, and tried to interest Zhou Enlai and Dong Biu with his theories. In the Dongfang Datong Xuean treatise, Liu Renhang introduced the “history of the future”, which was influenced by H. G. Wells’ globalist and Fabian ideas. Liu Renhang directly referred to his novel The War in the Air in conclusion to his own treatise. Like Wells, Liu looked with pessimism on the prospects of modern mankind, and called for the emergence of a “modern Genghis Khan”, who would ruin the world, on the ashes of which the sprout of a new Great Unity would rise.
MILESTONES IN TRANSLATING CHINESE LITERATURE FOR CHILDREN INTO RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Rodionova Oxana
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is to observe the overall picture of translations of Chinese literature for children into Russian language from the first editions to the present day. In addition to compiling a complete chronological list of all Chinese books translated into Russian from the category of children’s reading, our tasks included identifying and characterizing the main periods, trends and patterns in the development of translation and book publishing of Chinese children’s literature in Russian, analyzing the dynamics of translations in different years, analyzing the activities of translators who contributed to the development of cultural ties between the two countries, listing the names of the best illustrators, whose work played an important role in popularizing Chinese literature for children, identifying the main problems in translation and publication of children’s Chinese books in Russia at different periods. After studying the general picture of translations of Chinese literature for children into Russian, as well as taking into account the nature of historical events and political relations between China and Russia, we propose to distinguish the following seven periods in translation: 1779–1917; 1918–1949; 1950–1959; 1960–1980; 1981–1991; 1992–2013; since 2014.