bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Carriage of tetA, sul1, sul2 and blaTEM Resistance Genes among the Multidrug-resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) Strains from Malaysian Patients
Authors: Jia-Jin Chin  , Hui-Mei Lee  , Shuet-Yi Lee  , Yin-Ying Lee  , Choy-Hoong Chew
Published: August 2024

The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains pose a critical challenge in urinary tract infection (UTI) treatments. However, little work elucidated the resistance mechanisms of the MDR UPEC clinical strains in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes among the UPEC strains. Polymerase chain reactions were conducted to detect the presence of 6 antimicrobial resistance genes among 60 UPEC strains. Meanwhile, the antimicrobial resistance profiles against 9 antimicrobials were examined through the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. In this study, the MDR isolates accounted for 40.0% (24/60), with the highest prevalence of resistance towards ampicillin (43/60; 71.7%), followed by tetracycline (31/60; 51.7%), nalidixic acid (30/60; 50.0%), co-trimoxazole (20/60, 33.3%), ciprofloxacin (19/60, 31.7%), levofloxacin (16/60, 21.6%) and chloramphenicol (10/60, 16.7%). In contrast, low resistance rates were observed among minocycline (1/60; 1.7%) and imipenem (0/60; 0.0%). blaTEM was the most prevalent gene (36/60; 60.0%), followed by tetA (27/60; 45.0%), sul2 (25/60; 41.7%), sul1 (13/60; 21.7%) and tetB (8/60; 13.3%). Surprisingly, blaSHV was not detected among the UPEC isolates. The MDR, ampicillin and tetracycline-resistant isolates were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of tetA, sul1, sul2 and blaTEM. In contrast, tetB displayed no significant relationship with any of the antimicrobials tested. The patient’s age and gender were not the risk factors for the carriage of the resistance genes. Our findings identified the common resistance genes carried by the antimicrobial resistant UPEC isolates and provide valuable insights into developing the best antibiotic prescription regime to treat UTIs in our local scene.
Concerning Predation on Small Vertebrates by Alien Gold Morph Midas cichlid, Amphilophus citrinellus (Cichlidae)
Authors: Mohamad Aqmal-Naser  , Amirrudin B. Ahmad
Published: August 2024

Neotropical cichlid possesses territorial aggression which explains their success as alien species that pose threats to local fauna. The feeding ecology of Midas cichlid, Amphilophus citrinellus species outside its native range had never been fully understood. We aim to determine the stomach content, length-weight relationship and condition factor of this non-native species in one of the agroecosystems in Malaysia. The fish was collected using a cast net, and the guts were dissected. The stomach content (n = 35) revealed Midas cichlids feed on a wide array of preys including fish, amphibian and gastropod. The b-value is 2.60 (negative allometric growth) and the relative condition factor, Kn is 1.04. This result represents an initial study on the feeding aspect of this cichlid. Subsequent and continued researches are needed to evaluate the feeding behaviour and prey preferences of this species in its introduced range.
Quenched dynamics and pattern formation in clean and disordered Bogoliubov-de Gennes superconductors
Authors: Fan Bo , García García Antonio Miguel
Published: August 2024

We study the quench dynamics of a two dimensional superconductor in a square lattice of size up to 200× 200200×200 employing the self-consistent time dependent Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) formalism. In the clean limit, the dynamics of the order parameter for short times, characterized by a fast exponential growth and an oscillatory pattern, agrees with the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) prediction. However, unlike BCS, we observe for longer times a universal exponential decay of these time oscillations. We show explicitly that the origin of this exponential decay is the full emergence of spatial inhomogeneities of the order parameter characterized by the exponential growth of its variance. The addition of a weak disorder does not alter these results qualitatively. In this region, the spatial inhomogeneities rapidly develop into an intricate spatial structure consisting of ordered fragmented stripes in perpendicular directions where the order parameter is heavily suppressed. As the disorder strength increases, the fragmented stripes gradually turn into a square lattice of approximately circular spatial regions where the condensate is heavily suppressed. A further increase of disorder leads to the deformation and ultimate destruction of this lattice. We show these emergent spatial patterns are sensitive to the underlying lattice structure. We explore suitable settings for the experimental confirmation of these findings.
Normative approaches to neural coding and behavior
Authors: Hermundstad Ann
Published: August 2024

These are a brief set of lectures notes for lectures given at the Les Houches Summer School in Theoretical Biological Physics in July 2023. In these notes, I provide an introduction to some of the theoretical frameworks that are used to understand how the brain makes sense of incoming signals from the environment to ultimately guide effective behavior. I then discuss how we can apply these frameworks to understand the structure and function of real brains.
Crónica de una muerte anunciada: la extinción del Fondo Nacional de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo de México
Authors: Cerda Dueñas Carlos
Published: August 2024

En noviembre de 2020 se concretó la reforma a la Ley de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo de México por la cual se derogó la norma que daba fundamento al Fondo Nacional de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo culminando con ello un polémico proceso que tenía su origen en una promesa de campaña del actual Presidente de México para extinguir los fideicomisos y fondos públicos debido, supuestamente, a que no tenían ningún control y eran fuentes de corrupción. No hubo análisis ni reflexión gubernamental de por medio y, a pesar de los múltiples esfuerzos de algunos legisladores y organizaciones de la sociedad civil, se eliminó.
Los resultados giran en torno que, a pesar de los esfuerzos por evitar su extinción, el Fondo nunca operó en el sentido que la ley mandataba, pues en su periodo de casi diez años de existencia, nunca se le asignó una partida presupuestal propia ya que los fondos que manejaba procedían del presupuesto de la Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores y de fuentes de financiamiento externo. Este artículo, resultado de investigación, analiza su creación; la forma en que operó; el controvertido proceso de su extinción y la prospectiva de su carencia en el Sistema mexicano de Cooperación que lo consideraba uno de los cuatro pilares para la instrumentación de la política mexicana de cooperación internacional.
La protección de los derechos humanos frente a la sostenibilidad fiscal
Authors: Hernández Paternina Kevin David , Torres Caro Yohelis Andrea , Morón Campos Miguel Antonio
Published: August 2024

Este trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar las implicaciones del principio de sostenibilidad fiscal mediante el incidente de impacto fiscal en decisiones judiciales proferidas por las altas cortes colombianas. Para ello se exploran las conexiones y problemas de este escenario frente a la protección de los derechos económicos, sociales, culturales y ambientales en la lucha contra el cambio climático en Colombia. En concreto, se realiza una aproximación crítica del rol que tiene la Corte Constitucional frente a los alcances del principio de sostenibilidad fiscal e incidente de impacto fiscal, teniendo en cuenta conceptos y argumentos desde los estudios de gobernanza internacional y la jurisprudencia constitucional. Apelando a una estrategia metodológica en la que se asume al derecho como una institución social, donde sus marcos descriptivos y explicativos son maleables e incluso contradictorios al momento de sus usos y aplicaciones, el trabajo asume una postura en la que la Corte Constitucional de Colombia tiene un rol central en la garantía y defensa de derechos, especialmente como guardiana de los derechos sociales, económicos, culturales y ambientales, frente a eventuales medidas o políticas que vayan en detrimento de estos desde los usos del principio de sostenibilidad fiscal e incidente de impacto fiscal en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano.
El prisma de la desigualdad mundial: una clasificación multidimensional de países
Authors: Madrueño Rogelio , Tezanos Sergio
Published: August 2024

This paper provides a broad overview of the issue of rising inequality and builds an international and multidimensional taxonomy of economic inequality. We use a hierarchical cluster analysis that enables us to identify five groups of countries with distinctive economic inequality characteristics, which show that, despite national and regional specificities, both developed and developing countries face important difficulties in reducing social and economic disparities. The resulting classification may be useful to map out the various national realities of economic inequality across countries. The results suggest that there should be avoided a “one size fits all” international strategy to address the different patterns of inequality that we have identified across the World. Still, it is crucial to acknowledge the importance of the particularities of each cluster and each geographic region regarding a complex and multidimensional phenomenon that has become a global challenge for the 21st Century
Tratamientos pronominales en Bogotá, Cali y Medellín, ¿hacia una ampliación de la solidaridad?
Authors: Barrero Molina David Santiago
Published: August 2024

El artículo presenta una contextualización de las formas de tratamiento pronominales de segunda persona de singular en las tres ciudades principales de Colombia, Bogotá, Medellín y Cali. A partir de estudios sobre los pronombres realizados en las ciudades por medio de la creación de corpus, se presenta la situación actual de estos tratamientos. Encontramos que parece haber un cambio en curso hacia unos usos más solidarios en las tres ciudades y cuestionamos si la mejoría en los indicadores de pobreza económica en estas ciudades podría ser uno de los factores que influyen en este cambio.
Representaciones de las concepciones del currículo y su gestión en las prácticas pedagógicas de maestros de instituciones educativas de Córdoba, Colombia
Authors: Perez Solipa Juan Felipe , Salgado Guzman Andrea Milagros , Doria Correa Rudy
Published: August 2024

En el texto se analizan las concepciones que tienen los maestros sobre el currículo y la gestión curricular en las escuelas, y cómo esas concepciones se representan en sus prácticas pedagógicas cotidianas. Para ello, se partió de la perspectiva del enfoque cualitativo de investigación y desde un abordaje narrativo; se aplicaron entrevistas a profundidad a dos maestros que trabajan en instituciones educativas en el Departamento de Córdoba, Colombia, teniendo en cuenta sus representaciones y creencias de carácter intuitivo acerca del currículo y su gestión. Los resultados muestran que existe entre los maestros objeto de este estudio una concepción curricular reflexiva orientada a la mejora continua de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, así como unas dinámicas de gestión curricular colectivas e individuales que facilitan la compresión de la realidad educativa, una postura. . que, aunque teóricamente no está claro por parte de los maestros, tiene correspondencia con las teorías críticas y dialógicas del currículo.
Recurrent acetonemic syndrome with cyclic vomiting in children
Authors: Taranushenko T. E.
Published: August 2024

Recurrent acetonemic syndrome (AS) refers to pathological conditions predominantly in childhood with periodic ketotic crises with repeated (multiple) vomiting, which are caused by an increase in blood ketone bodies over 30 mg/l as a result of incomplete oxidation of fatty acids. and/or breakdown of ketogenic amino acids, as well as other metabolic disorders. The need to discuss the problem is due to the significant frequency of cases, including those requiring hospitalization of patients, the polyetiology of this condition, the complex and largely ambiguous mechanisms of development, the difficulties of differential diagnosis and the uncertainty of the prognosis. The article presents modern literature data on recurrent acetonemic syndrome with cyclic vomiting, drawing attention to the terminological aspects of the problem, discussing the most significant etiological factors and pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of crisis conditions, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The article relates to discussion publications and is intended for pediatricians, general practitioners, pediatric endocrinologists, gastroenterologists, and emergency care specialists.
The using of endoscopic technology in children with petrous bone cholesteatoma
Authors: Diab Kh. M. , Daikhes N. A. , Paschinina O. A. , Garashchenko T. I. , Panina O. S. , Kokhanyuk S. V. , Safarova P. A.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Endoscopic ear surgery is a promising treatment for petrous bone cholesteatoma in children. Endoscopic assistance provides better visualization and the ability to manipulate in hidden areas of the formed cavity and facilitate the removal of cholesteatoma matrix from hard-to-reach areas.

Aim. o systematize the accumulated knowledge about the clinical presentations of cholesteatoma of the temporal bone pyramid in children, review the modern methods of treatment and possible complications, and assess the necessity of applying endoscopic imaging devices to monitor hard-to-reach places in the temporal bone pyramid.

Materials and methods. The results of surgical treatment of petrous bone cholesteatoma (PBC) in the immediate and long-term postoperative periods in children were assessed. The study included 26 children aged 8 to 18 years (average age 13.1), 21 boys and 5 girls. Dynamic follow-up after surgery was at least two years. The function of facial muscles was assessed using the House – Brackmann scale before and after surgery after 6 months, and a pure-tone audiogram was performed before and after surgery after 6 months. The approaches, options for completing the operation, complications, and relapse rates are presented.

The discussion of the results. In the postoperative period, 2 people (7.7%) had normal hearing according to audiometry results, 1 (3.8%) had I degree of hearing loss, 5 (19.2%) had II degree of hearing loss, 6 (23.0%), III degree of hearing loss, in 7 (27.0%) IV degree of hearing loss, in 5 (19.2%) deafness. Function in the postoperative period was normal in 15 (57.0%) and from House – Brackmann grades II to VI in 11 (43.0%). Recurrence of cholesteatoma was detected in eight patients (30.0%) after 1–2 years.

Conclusion. In children, early diagnosis of cholesteatoma of the petrous bone is important to prevent the risk of complications. The use of endoscopic assistance when removing cholesteatoma of the petrous bone provides advantages: the ability to remove the cholesteatoma matrix in hidden areas, provides a larger viewing angle and control of these areas, thereby minimizing the risks of intraoperative complications, allowing for maximum sanitization of the pathological process.
Multidisciplinary monitoring in pediatric patients with medulloblastoma by primary care physician
Authors: Dinikina Yu. V. , Nikitina I. L. , Zheludkova O. G. , Leonova I. A. , Obraztsova G. I. , Bashnina E. B. , Kosenkova T. V.
Published: August 2024

Diagnostic and treatment facilities in pediatric oncology have reached a very technological advances in a short period of time, contributing to increased relapse-free and overall survival rates. Obviously, the key factors are the improvement of diagnostic and screening programs, anticancer and concomitant therapy, including personification of clinical guidelines for monitoring and correction of early and late complications in time. Issues regarding the quality of life of patients, including social, psychological rehabilitation and aspects of reproductive potential, are becoming highly actual. The critical importance is that an informed multidisciplinary team of specialists at all stages of anticancer treatment should be involved. This article presents the main algorithms and the most significant issues for pediatricians in the diagnosis and supervision of patients with an oncological diagnosis, using the example of medulloblastoma, as the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system in children. The proposed recommendations are based on a retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with relapsed and refractory forms of medulloblastoma (n = 270) who received antitumor therapy in the period from 07/01/1993 to 07/01/2023, as well as international clinical data.
Optimal therapy for acute respiratory viral infections in infants and pre-primary children
Authors: Malanicheva T. G. , Ziatdinova N. V. , Gataullina G. S.
Published: August 2024

Aim. To study the effectiveness of a combined immunomodulatory drug consisting of complex immunoglobulin preparation and recombinant interferon-α2b in children of the first three years.

Materials and methods. There were examined 55 children with acute respiratory viral infection of the upper respiratory tract from 2 months to 3 years. Of these, the main group consisted of 30 children receiving, as part of complex therapy, a combined immunomodulatory drug (Kipferon) in the form of rectal suppositories for children under one year old – 1 suppository per day, for children over one year old – 1 suppository twice a day for 5–7 days. The comparison group included 25 children receiving symptomatic therapy for acute respiratory viral infection, which did not differ in the compared groups

Results. It was revealed that the prescription of a combined immunomodulatory drug leads to a positive clinical effect in 90.0% of cases. While taking the drug, there is a more rapid relief of fever and symptoms of intoxication, as well as local inflammatory manifestations of acute respiratory viral infection (hyperemia of the pharynx, rhinitis, cough), which led to a shortening of the duration of the disease by 1.3 times and a reduction in the need for antibiotics by 2.4 times.

Discussion. The results of the study, which showed significant advantages of including a combined immunomodulatory drug in the acute respiratory viral infection treatment regimen, are comparable with the available literature data.

Conclusions. Considering the high clinical efficacy and safety of the combined immunomodulatory drug Kipferon, it can be recommended for widespread practical use in acute respiratory viral infections of the upper respiratory tract in young children.
Infantile anorexia: how to avoid diagnostic errors?
Authors: Berezhnaya I. V. , Goncharova L. V. , Zakharova I. N.
Published: August 2024

Food whims, some food refusals, food selectivity are issues for which parents often seek advice from a paediatrician. It is difficult to identify the reasons of the issues for just a few minutes of a visit. But the greatest challenges in the diagnosis arise when parents complain that they fail to feed both breastfed and non-breastfed young infants. Anorexia in young infants may be of a psychological and/or organic origin. The most complex and early forms often have a mixed etiology. A detailed history taking reveals cases of forced feeding, frequent changes of formula, and mother’s emotional instability. The article presents several clinical cases with different reasons for food refusals in children for which parents sought advice from a doctor. The first clinical case: a 11-year-old boy with complaints about lack of weight gain, as his weight did not exceed 6.8 kg, extremely slow growth rates. The child was diagnosed with moderate eosinophilic infiltration of the esophagus with eosinophils up to 10–12 per high-power field (hpf). Second clinical case: a 7-month-old girl M. with complaints about decreased appetite, food refusal, lack of interest in food and thirst, regurgitation during feeding. The examination showed eosinophilic infiltration of the duodenum up to 50 eosinophils per hpf. In the stomach there were up to 5 eosinophils per hpf. Third case: a boy Ya. with complaints about restlessness, more in the evening and at night, waking up frequently at night, regurgitation, hiccups, and periods of bloating. The article presents modern options for using specialized food products for this category of children according to the cause of anorexia.
Review of the research on the qualitative theory of differential equations at St. Petersburg University. I. Stable periodic points of diffeomorphisms with homoclinic points, systems with weakly hyperbolic invariant sets
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Begun Nikita A. , Vasil’eva Ekaterina V. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Zvyagintseva Tatiana E. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Iljin Yurii A. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: August 2024

This paper is the first in a series of review publications devoted to the results of scientific research work that has been carried out at the Department of Differential Equations of St. Petersburg University over the past 30 years. Current scientific interests of the department staff can be divided into the following directions and topics: study of stable periodic points of diffeomorphisms with homoclinic points, study of systems with weakly hyperbolic invariant sets, local qualitative theory of essentially nonlinear systems, classification of phase portraits of a family of cubic systems, stability conditions for systems with hysteretic nonlinearities and systems with nonlinearities under the generalized Routh-Hurwitz conditions (Aizerman problem). This paper presents recent results on the first two topics outlined above. The study of stable periodic points of diffeomorphisms with homoclinic points was carried out under the assumption that the stable and unstable manifolds of the hyperbolic points are tangent at a homoclinic (heteroclinic) point, and the homoclinic (heteroclinic) point is not a point with a finite order of tangency. The research of systems with weakly hyperbolic invariant sets was conducted for the case when neutral, stable, and unstable linear spaces do not satisfy the Lipschitz condition.
Rigid body dynamics from the Euler equations to the spacecraft attitude control in the works of scientists from Saint Petersburg State University. Part 2
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Tikhonov Аlexey А.
Published: August 2024

This article represents the second part of a survey dedicated to the 300th anniversary of Saint Petersburg State University (SPbSU). The article is intended on analysis the scientific achievements of the Saint Petersburg School of Mathematics and Mechanics in the field of rigid body dynamics in the last 50 years. The main attention in the article is paid to theoretical research in the field of uncontrolled and controlled motions of a rigid body
Gyroscopically coupled in-plane and transverse vibrations of an annular free-clamped microplate
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Morozov Nikita F. , Lukin Alexey V. ,   Institute for Problems in Mechanical Engineering of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Popov Ivan A. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Published: August 2024

In this work, we construct and study a model of coupled plane-transverse oscillations of a circular thin plate with a concentric hole under the action of Coriolis and centrifugal inertia forces caused by the rotation of the system along an axis located in the plane of the plate. Equations of vibrations in partial derivatives are obtained using the variational principle of Hamilton - Ostrogradsky. Assuming the smallness of the angular velocity of rotation with respect to the frequency of the working skew-symmetric flexural form of the plate oscillations, an approximate analytical solution is found for both the radial and circumferential, and transverse components of the displacement field in the free oscillation mode. Using the Galerkin projection method, the problem was reduced to a system of two second-order linear differential equations for modal coordinates of mutually orthogonal basic skew-symmetric modes of the plate vibrations. It is found that the regime of initially excited harmonic oscillations in the presence of rotation is transformed into the regime of amplitude-modulated beats. Analytical expressions are found both for the frequency of the slow beat envelope and for the relative depth of their amplitude modulation. The fundamental possibility of determining the modulus of the projection of the angular velocity vector onto the plane of the plate from the measured value of the envelope frequency is shown. The problem of choosing the optimal geometric shape of the resonator from the point of view of maximizing the sensitivity of the system to changes in the value of the angular velocity of rotation is studied. The question of determining the direction of the projection of the angular velocity vector onto the plane of the plate from the measured depth of the amplitude modulation of the beat regime is considered.
The European Union trade sanctions against Russia: Contemporary practice
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University), Timofeev Ivan
Published: August 2024

Targeted financial sanctions have been playing a major role in the toolbox of European Union (EU) policy of sanctions since early 2000s. They have been targeting particular natural persons and entities, rather than states in general. Things have been changing dramatically since the outbreak of Russian military operation against Ukraine in February 2022. EU has already implemented massive bans on exports and imports of wide range of goods and services to and from Russia. Meanwhile, academic literature on sanctions still has a major gap in understanding of trade sanctions. The goal of the article is to fill this gap, taking into account contemporary trends of the EU trade sanctions against Russia. The major point implies that the EU policy of trade sanctions vis a vis Russia suffers from the imbalance between the quantity of sanctions and the quality of ways and means to enforce them. Unlike the United States, which enjoys well-developed instruments and practice of the use of secondary sanctions and enforcement, the EU has to implement sanctions and to develop enforcement in a simultaneous way. Brussels has already introduced mechanisms of de-facto secondary sanctions and is promoting the unification of enforcement legislation among the member-states. Current enforcement activity of member-states on the basis of domestic legislation compensates such an imbalance. The study of these trends purports the analysis of the EU normative documents as well as the ones, which reflect political and legal practice of their implementation.
Internal migration of working youth: Determinants of readiness to move to another region
Authors:   HSE University, Efendiev Azer G. , Gogoleva Anna S. ,   HSE University
Published: August 2024

The number of regions in Russia experiencing a significant outflow of population is growing so the issue of internal migration is still on the agenda. A review of empirical studies of internal migration in Russia has shown that most of the studies devoted to the causes and consequences of migration are bounded to the economic aspect ignoring the complexity of this social phenomenon. In this paper, readiness for voluntary internal migration is considered as a phenomenon that embodies individual subjective activity of a person, when a young person purposefully chooses not only a place of permanent residence, but also an appropriate lifestyle. The aim of the study is to determine what social factors contribute to intend to move to another city for residence. The set of social determinants that were tested consists of personal moral attitudes, close social ties, satisfaction with different aspects of work, shared opinion about current city from significant others, satisfaction with the city environment. These factors affect at different levels and are considered as significant elements of a system with its internal logic and hierarchy. The data of online panel survey of 357 working young people from different regions shows that social factors (opinions of significant others about the city of residence, perception of the city as a place for comfortable life, social status of parents) are significant predictors of intention to move. Common and universal attitude to “be financially free and independent” and social origin activate the opinion of significant others about the city, which is highly connected with the leading determinant: personal evaluation of the quality of life in current urban environment.
Regional power duration curve model for ungauged intermittent river basins
Authors: Alakbar Turan , Burgan Halil Ibrahim
Published: August 2024

Hydropower is a sustainable and renewable energy source that can serve as a practical and economically viable solution to the future possible energy crisis and climate change scenarios. Moreover, it possesses a higher energy density compared to other alternative renewable energy sources such as solar, wind energy, etc. In order to determine the potential of hydropower, long-term observed hydrometeorological data of streamflow, precipitation, etc. are crucial. This study investigates a new power duration curve (PDC) methodology. Basin characteristics such as drainage area and basin relief with meteorological data as precipitation are used for regional models in the application. The classification based on geographical locations is made for regional models. Six models based on equation type were utilized to determine the optimal regional model. Absolute errors of cease-to-flow point estimates ranging from 0.01 to 11.49% were observed. The model provided successful results according to Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency which is widely used in hydrological studies very close to 1 and higher than 0.87 except for one streamflow gauging station therewithal all other calculated performance metrics. It is observed that power and cease-to-flow point estimates of intermittent rivers can be obtained with a new PDC model based on basin characteristics.
Evaluation of specific retention, specific yield, and storage-dependent drainability efficiency in a coastal milieu via geo-electrical technology
Authors: Udosen Ndifreke I. , George Nyakno J.
Published: August 2024

The aim of this research was the application of geo-electrical technology in the determination of specific retention, specific yield, and storage-dependent drainability efficiency within a major coastal milieu in Nigeria. This improves on past work where expensive and time-intensive pumping tests were employed to determine specific retention and specific yield. In addition to the determination of these key aquifer geo-kinetic properties, other important aquifer characteristics such as aquifer potentiality, protectivity, and vulnerability to contamination within this major coastal system were determined. Geo-electrical technology employed Wenner and Schlumberger arrays to undertake Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) surveys and results obtained were constrained by ground truth from lithological logs. Results from the electrical resistivity surveys indicated that the lithological strata comprised motley topsoil, coarse sand, fine sand, and sandy clay. Measures of specific yield and specific retention were generated as secondary geo-electrical indices. Specific yield intersected with specific retention at 73% storage-dependent drainability efficiency (SDE), indicating that this percentage must be exceeded for optimal groundwater extraction from the rock matrix's pore spaces during pumping. Aquifer transmissivity measures indicated high aquifer potentiality; longitudinal conductance measures indicated poor aquifer protectivity implying increased vulnerability of the aquifer to contamination.
Investigating incomplete mixing models in cross junctions under real-world conditions of water distribution networks
Authors: Yousefian Reza , Duchesne Sophie , Schwarz Pierre-Olivier
Published: August 2024

Questions have been raised about the correctness of water quality models with complete mixing assumptions in cross junctions of water distribution systems. Recent developments in the mixing phenomenon within cross junctions of water distribution networks (WDNs) have heightened the need for evaluating the existing incomplete mixing models under real-world conditions. Therefore, in this study, two cross junctions with pipe diameters of 100 × 100 × 100 × 100 mm and 150 × 150 × 150 × 150 mm were employed in laboratory experiments to evaluate six existing incomplete mixing models for 25 flow rate scenarios ranging between 1.5 and 3.0 L/s. It was observed that within the same flow rate scenario, the degree of mixing in a cross junction with a pipe relative roughness of 6.00 × 10−5 (pipe diameter of 25 mm) was higher than that in a cross junction with a pipe relative roughness of 3.00 × 10−5 (pipe diameter of 50 mm) and smaller. Considering the real-world size of pipes in evaluating the incomplete mixing models showed that two incomplete mixing models, AZRED and the one by Shao et al., had the best accordance with the results of the laboratory experiments.
Esforços decoloniais na (trans)formação docente
Authors: Pereira Ariovaldo Lopes
Published: August 2024

Neste artigo, compartilho algumas vivências como professor-orientador de estágio de língua inglesa em uma universidade pública, com o objetivo de problematizar e ressignificar saberes veiculados em livros didáticos utilizados por professoras/es em (trans)formação em sua atuação no estágio de língua inglesa. Nesse intuito, parto dos estudos críticos e decoloniais (Kumaravadivelu, 2005, Walsh, 2005; 2007; 2009, Mignolo, 2011, Pennycook, 2017, Mignolo; Walsh, 2018, Candau, 2020) para propor uma visão decolonial/decolonizadora da língua inglesa e do material didático para o seu ensino. O estudo se fundamenta em princípios da pesquisa qualitativa de cunho autoetnográfico, por sua natureza subjetiva e autorreflexiva (Bortoni-Ricardo, 2008; Méndez, 2013). Os resultados são evidenciados no relato de um movimento praxiológico denominado Projeto de Colaboração, conduzido no estágio de língua inglesa. Nessa práxis conjunta entre professor-orientador e estagiárias, foi possível desestabilizar e ressignificar saberes hegemônicos e expandir perspectivas críticas (Monte Mór, 2018), contribuindo, assim, para a (trans)formação dessas professoras.
A pós-graduação profissional brasileira
Authors: Drumond Philippe , Bianchetti Lucídio , Valle Ione Ribeiro
Published: August 2024

Com a aprovação do doutorado profissional, em 2017, a pós-graduação brasileira passa a ter uma subdivisão consolidada em mais uma esfera, a acadêmica e a profissional. O objetivo deste trabalho, decorrente de pesquisa bibliográfica, é analisar, sob a ótica bourdieusiana, se esta abertura da PG ao campo profissional se configura em uma perspectiva dicotômica, no sentido de privilegiar determinada área do conhecimento dentro do campo acadêmico, em detrimento de outra, incorrendo em uma distinção (Bourdieu, 2007) da diplomação tradicional existente na área acadêmica em contrapartida à aceitação da área profissional. Uma vez que o Estado se desobrigou de financiar esses Programas, seu caráter formativo profissional fica sujeito às diretrizes financeiras dos agentes envolvidos nas propostas de pesquisa. Portanto, faz-se necessário separar os discursos advindos de nichos de resistência em favor do mestrado e doutorado acadêmicos da crítica realizada por meio de investigações embasadas e contextualizadas, para não se incorrer em discursos sem fundamentação.
USO DEL MARCADO INDIVIDUAL CONOCIDO EN LA INVESTIGACIÓN Y MONITOREO DE POBLACIONES DE TORTUGAS DE ÁGUA DULCE: PRUEBA DEL MÉTODO EN ESPECIES SUDAMERICANAS (TESTUDINES PODOCNEMIDIDAE)
Authors: Fábio Andrew Fábio Andrew , Marcelo Ândrade Marcelo Ândrade
Published: August 2024

The marking or tagging of turtles is a widely used to facilitate the monitoring of population demography, structure, and conservation of species. Even though they are used in many studies of turtle demography, the available methods are not very efficient, except for microchips (Passive Intergraded Transponder/PIT tags); however, the latter is too expensive to be used on a large scale. Here we present a viable, cost-effective tagging alternative that uses a durable plastic cattle tag and pin. Turtles in the genus Podocnemis were tagged in the Lower-Amazon region, west of the state of Pará, Amazon, Brazil. This method is highly recommended for future work on monitoring and population structure of large species of freshwater turtles. In addition to feasibility, it can be used in the form of citizen science, as the information can be obtained by laypeople and taken to researchers and conservationists.
CINÉTICA DE CRECIMIENTO DE CONSORCIOS MICROBIANOS ACIDÓFILOS EN CULTIVO SUMERGIDO PARA BIOLIXIVIANTES
Authors: Castillo-Cotrina Daladier , Chipana-Laura Virginia , Clavijo-Koc Claudia , Castellanos-Cabrera Roberto
Published: August 2024

El estudio sobre la biolixiviación de metales a partir de minerales es una necesidad para mejorar el proceso de recuperar metales preciados y obtener mayores beneficios. El objetivo fue determinar en cuatro reactivaciones sucesivas, la velocidad específica de crecimiento y estabilidad de consorcios microbianos obtenidos de la planta de lixiviación de la empresa minera Southern Cooper Corporation (SCC) en Toquepala, Tacna - Perú. Los consorcios M-1, M-2, M-5, M-6 y BF-7 fueron obtenidos de la calcopirita de las pilas de lixiviación; y los PLS-3, PLS-4 e ILS-8 de las soluciones líquidas lixiviadas. El medio líquido de cultivo utilizado fue el 9K modificado. Los consorcios tuvieron cuatro reactivaciones sucesivas en el medio 9K, por triplicado, a temperatura ambiente durante 15 días y con aireación de 1vvm. Los recuentos microbianos, obtenidos cada ocho horas en la cámara de conteo Petroff-Hausser, fueron convertidos a la escala logarítmica decimal para obtener la cinética de crecimiento, utilizando el modelo Malthusiano, que determinó la constante de velocidad K en la fase logarítmica, y el modelo Gompertz para la curva de crecimiento microbiano. Los consorcios de muestras sólidas y de biofilm tuvieron una adaptación más rápida, comparados con los provenientes de las muestras líquidas de PLS e ILS, que mostraron una concentración microbiana inactiva en sus inicios. Todos los consorcios, después de la primera reactivación, evidenciaron velocidades de crecimiento más altas. Las muestras M-6 y BF-7 de biofilm tuvieron los microrganismos más activos y la muestra BF-7 fue la más estable durante las cuatro reactivaciones, por lo cual es la muestra indicada para continuar con estudios de aplicación, como inóculo y aislamiento de microorganismos, para la optimización de los procesos de biolixiviación.
Study of Prevalence, Clinical Pattern and Management of Maxillo-Facial Fractures in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Singhal Mohit , Sharma Shobhit , Sharma Rohit , Sagar Sudesh K.
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Maxillofacial injuries are one of the most common injuries prevailing in society because of the strong reliance on road transportation. Road traffic accidents being the most common cause, affecting more than 20 million people worldwide. Multiple modality treatment is often required for the management of maxillofacial fractures, including clinical examination, radio-diagnosis and surgical intervention. 3-D CT face has helped in the reconstruction and reformation of fractures with some limitations to the same. Surgical management still holds a good approach towards the definitive management of maxillofacial fractures. Material and methods: Prospective observational study from 1st February 2021 to 31st July 2022. The parameters used were age, sex, time of incident, etiology, type of vehicle used with preventive measures, type of fractures, and treatment received. All patients underwent proper history taking, clinical examination, radiographic evaluation, and 3-D CT face reconstruction. Results: About 104 patients of maxillo-facial fractures presented to the emergency room of SRMS-IMS, Bareilly, out of which 63 patients were treated with surgical management Conclusion: The study concluded that RTAs were the major cause of maxillofacial trauma with the mandible being the most common bone fracture. ORIF with mini-plate fixation as treatment. lack of helmet and seat belt use, alcohol abuse, over-speeding and failure to follow traffic rules and regulations were the contributing factors
Functional and Radiological Outcomes of Total Knee Arthroplasty in Osteoarthritis with Varus Deformity of Knee: A Prospective Study
Authors: Saini Shubhanshu , Kaushik Suresh K , Gupta Sanjay , Rathee Shubham
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Total knee replacement (TKR) is the most commonly performed orthopedic surgical procedure for treating severe arthritis of the knee joint either due to osteoarthritis or due to inflammatory arthropathy. There was cartilage damage in either the medial or patella femoral joint/lateral compartment. Severe pain through deformity develops, subsequently necessitating a total joint replacement. This study assessed the Functional and radiological outcomes of total knee arthroplasty in osteoarthritis with varus deformity of the knee. Materials and Methods: From February 2021 to July 2022, all patients with osteoarthritis with varus deformity of knee were subjected to total knee arthroplasty after obtaining approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee were required to enroll patients. Results: The age of the patients in our study was 63.58 years ranging from 52 to 79 years. In 72.09% of the patients were females while the remaining 27.91% were females. In our study, 45% of the patients were overweight while the remaining 59.48% were overweight. In our study, 55.81% of the patients get their left knee operated first while the remaining 44.19% of the patients get their right knee operated first. In 25.58% patella resurfacing was done. The p-value was found to be significant between the pre- and post-oper knee society scores. In our study, 5 patients had complications out of which 4.65% of the patients had superficial wound infection, 4.65% of them patient had anterior knee pain and 2.33% had popliteal artery thromboembolism. Conclusion: Total knee arthroplasty is a relatively safe procedure. Treatment with total knee arthroplasty resulted in greater pain relief and functional improvement after 6 months. It improves the functional ability of the patient and the ability of the patient to get back to pre-disease state, which is to have a pain-free mobile joint, There was a significant association between the knee clinical score and knee functional score at six months follow-up.
Correlation of Perfusion MRI of Brain Tumors with their Histopathological Grade
Authors: Rana Vishal R , Prajapati Neeraj , Mogha Vinod K , Sah Shashank , Singh Namrata
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Gliomas are the most common primary neoplasms of the central nervous system, histologically varying from low grade (benign) to high grade (malignant). Their grade can be underestimated even on histopathology because even a single lesion may be histologically heterogeneous. For planning the optimal treatment strategy and assessing prognosis, accurate histologic grading is essential because treatment options are different for high-grade and low-grade gliomas as high grades are usually treated with adjuvant and neoadjuvant radiation or chemotherapy, whereas low-grade gliomas are not. The study aims to differentiate glioma grades by using perfusion MRI and to correlate findings of brain tumors on perfusion MRI with histopathological grading. Materials and Methods: We investigated 50 consecutive patients with brain tumors who had undergone both conventional and perfusion MR imaging during a period of one and half year period. Dynamic contrast-enhanced T2*-weighted and conventional T1- and T2-weighted imaging. rCBV maps were obtained by fitting a gamma-variate function to the contrast material concentration versus time curve. rCBV ratios between tumor and normal white matter (maximum rCBV of tumor/rCBV of contralateral white matter) were calculated and compared between four grades of glioma. Results: Mean rCBV ratios were 1.00 ± 0.35 for grade 1 gliomas, 2.6 ± 1.17 for grade 2 gliomas, 4.98 ± 0.76 for grade 3 gliomas and 6.54 ± 1.47 for grade 4 gliomas, and were thus significantly different. Lymphomas have less vascularity than other tumors, with a mean rCBV of 1.85 ± 0.77. Metastasis is a relatively high vascular tumor with a mean rCBV of 4.57 ± 0.67, which is near to grade 3 gliomas. High-grade gliomas can be differentiated from low-grade gliomas with cut-off value of mean rCBV of 2.86 with a sensitivity of 93%. Conclusion: Perfusion MRI is a useful and dependable means of noninvasively preoperative diagnosis and assessing the histologic grade of brain tumors, especially gliomas and determining the appropriate treatment according to the vascularity of the tumor and respective grade of glioma
Determining Perception and Predilection for Ayurveda versus Allopathy amongst Educated Individuals Studying and Practising Allopathy at Different Levels
Authors: Gupta Dipali , Agrawal Nipun , Khare Pragati , Singh Namrata , Gupta Manoj , Singh Lalit , Mirza Anamta
Published: August 2024

Background: Ayurveda is an alternative medicine system with historical roots in the Indian subcontinent. Ayurvedic preparations are typically based on complex herbal compounds, minerals, and metal substances. Up to 80% people in India use Ayurveda exclusively or combined with conventional Western medicine. The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is a recent global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). On 5th May 2023, WHO declared end of COVID-19 as PHEIC. As of 24th May 2023, the pandemic had caused more than 766 million confirmed cases and over 6.9 million deaths globally, making it one of the deadliest in history. It is necessary that the scientific community must draw on pluralistic knowledge systems available globally to strengthen the immune system and reduce dependence on any one system of medicine. It is time for us to strengthen our trust and belief in our age-old tradition and knowledge of Ayurveda. This study was planned to determine use of Ayurvedic medicines and associated beliefs of educated individuals studying and practicing allopathy at different levels. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study amongst students pursuing a Bachelor of Pharmacy and Medical and Paramedical staff using an online questionnaire created using Google Forms. A total 229 respondent data were included in the study. The obtained information was summarised using Microsoft Excel and presented as percentages. The parameters that were studied were gender and age distribution of study subjects; preferred system of medicine for major ailments; reason for preferring allopathic medicine over ayurvedic medicine, rationale for rising credence of Ayurveda in COVID and post-COVID era; common perceptions regarding Ayurvedic medicines.Results: Most of our subjects were 18 to 35 years of age (176, 76.9%). One-third of the study subjects (77, 33.6%) preferred Ayurveda as the science for medical treatment. Ayurvedic treatment was preferred for gastro-intestinal and liver diseases. The rationale sought by study subjects for rising credence of Ayurveda during the COVID and post-COVID era were fewer side effects, ease of availability, and cost-effectiveness. Conclusion: COVID-19 has rekindled the belief and knowledge of people in Ayurveda. Predilection is to use ayurvedic and allopathic medicines together rather than Ayurveda alone and still people resort to allopathy to tide over acute conditions and immediate crisis.