bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex reversal of red tilapia using 17α-methyltestosterone-enriched feed and increased temperature
Authors: Ayuningtyas Safira Qisthina , Junior Muhammad Zairin , Soelistyowati Dinar Tri
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT The growth rate between male and female red tilapia Oreochromis sp. is different. Generally, the male red tilapia grows faster than the female. Furthermore, the maturation process of red tilapia is relatively fast which causes slower growth rate. One of solutions to this problem is by rearing all male population or mono-sex culture. The method used in this study was commercial feed enrichment with 17α-methyltestosterone at different dosages and water temperature manipulation. The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of commercial feed enrichment with different dosages of 17α-methyltestosterone and water temperature manipulation on success rate of sex reversal of red tilapia into all male population. This research consisted of different temperature treatments (with and without water heating) and 17α- methyltestosterone dosages (0, 10, 20 mg/kg of commercial feed). The best dosage of 17α-methyltestosterone was 20 mg/kg of commercial feed with male to female sex ratio of 86.31%, daily growth rate of 8.18%, and feed conversion ratio of 1.53. In this study, the best treatment to produce the male seeds was the 17α-methyltestosterone treatment. Keywords: 17α-methyltestosterone, sex reversal, red tilapia, temperature  ABSTRAK Ikan nila merah Oreochromis sp. memiliki laju pertumbuhan yang berbeda antara ikan jantan dan betina. Umumnya ikan nila merah jantan lebih cepat tumbuh dibandingkan betinanya. Selain itu, ikan nila memiliki sifat cepat matang gonad dan mudah memijah sehingga akan menghambat pertumbuhan ikan. Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi masalah yang terjadi yakni dengan memelihara populasi ikan nila merah tunggal kelamin atau monoseks jantan. Metode yang dilakukan adalah pemberian hormon 17α-metiltestosteron dengan dosis berbeda melalui pakan buatan dan peningkatan suhu air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis hormon 17α-metiltestosteron melalui pakan buatan dan peningkatan suhu air terhadap keberhasilan alih kelamin jantan pada ikan nila merah. Penelitian ini terdiri atas perlakuan suhu (dengan dan tanpa pemanasan air) dan dosis 17α-metiltestosteron (0, 10, 20 mg/kg pakan). Dosis hormon 17α-metiltestosteron terbaik yang didapatkan adalah 20 mg/kg pakan dengan nisbah kelamin jantan 86,31%, laju pertumbuhan harian 8,18%, dan rasio konversi pakan 1,53. Pada penelitian ini perlakuan terbaik untuk menghasilkan benih jantan adalah perlakuan dosis 17α-metiltestosteron. Kata kunci: 17α-metiltestosteron, alih kelamin, ikan nila merah, suhu
Evaluation of growth and meat performance of Pangasianodon hypopthalmus which fed with Cinnamomum burmanni leaves enriched diet
Authors: Setiawati Mia , Sakinah Aliyah , Jusadi Dedi
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT This research was performed to evaluate growth performance and meat quality at different feeding period of striped catfish Pangasianodon hypopthalmus fed on cinnamon leaves Cinnamomum burmanni enriched diet. Twenty fishes at the average body weight of 21.24±2.39 g were distributed  into 100×40×50 cm3 of aquarium. Fish were fed on the diet contained C. burmanni leaves of either 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, or 1.5% respectively for 60 days. Fish were fed on those diets three times a day at satiation. Fish meat quality was evaluated by organoleptic test and proximate analysis at day-20, 40, and  60. The result showed that until day-40, fish fed on the diet contained 0.0%, 0.5%, and 1.0% cinnamon leaves had no significant difference on growth, hence still showed higher growth than fish fed at the dose of 1,5%. Meanwhile at day-60, fish fed on the diets contained either 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% cinnamon leaves significantly had lower growth than that fed on 0.0% cinnamon leaves. In accordance to the growth response, diet contained 0.5% cinnamon leaves given for 40 days has shown the best texture and the highest protein content of fish meat.               Keywords: cinnamon leaves, striped catfish, growth, meat texture  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pertumbuhan dan kualitas daging ikan patin Pangasianodon hypopthalmus yang diberi pakan mengandung tepung daun kayu manis Cinnamomum burmanni dengan dosis berbeda. Sebanyak 20 ekor ikan patin berukuran 21,24±2,39 g dipelihara dalam akuarium berukuran 100×40×50 cm3. Ikan diberi empat jenis pakan yang mengandung daun kayu manis masing-masing sebesar 0,0%, 0,5%, 1,0%, dan 1,5% selama 60 hari. Pemberian pakan dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali sehari secara at satiation. Kualitas daging ikan diuji melalui uji organoleptik dan analisis proksimat pada hari ke-20, 40, dan 60. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sampai hari ke-40 pemeliharaan, pertumbuhan ikan yang diberi pakan mengandung 0,0%, 0,5%, dan 1,5% daun kayu manis menunjukkan kinerja pertumbuhan yang tidak berbeda nyata, tetapi bernilai lebih tinggi daripada ikan yang diberi  dosis 1,5%. Berbeda halnya dengan kinerja pertumbuhan ikan pada hari ke-60, ikan yang diberi pakan 0,5%, 1,0%, dan 1,5% secara signifikan memiliki pertumbuhan yang lebih rendah dari ikan yang diberi pakan 0,0%. Sesuai dengan respons pertumbuhan, ikan yang diberi pakan 0,5% daun kayu manis selama 40 hari memiliki tekstur daging yang terbaik dan protein tertinggi. Kata kunci: daun kayu manis, ikan patin, pertumbuhan, tekstur
Effects of Probiotic Bacillus sp. on Food Convertion and Growth of Catfish Pangasius hypophthalmus
Authors: Jusadi Dedi , Gandara E. , Mokoginta Ing
Published: February 2017

A triplicate experiment was conducted to evaluate the addition of probiotic Bacillus sp. into the diet on feed convertion and growth of catfish Pangasius hypophthalmus. Twenty fish with an initial body weight of 1,85 ± 0,09 g were stocked in a 60-1 aquarium. During rearing period, fish were fed on the diet three times a day at satiation. Prior the feeding, probiotic (contained Bacillus sp. 4,2x106 CFU.ml-1) were added into the diet at a dosage of 0, 5, 15 or 25 ml.kg-1 diet. The probiotic were added once a day at the noon. The results showed that maximum protein retention, lipid retention, growth rate, and minimum feed convertion was found in the group of fish fed on the diet supplemented with 15 ml probiotic kg-1 diet. Irrespective to the dosage of probiotic, food consumption and survival rate of fish were the same among the treatments.

Key words : Probiotic. Bacillus sp.. catfish Pangasius hypophthalmus.

 

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis yang optimal dari probiotik Bacillus sp. yang ditambahkan pada pakan komersil terhadap konversi pakan dan pertumbuhan benih ikan patin Pangasius hypophthalmus. Dua puluh ekor ikan patin dengan bobot rata-rata 1.85 ± 0,09 g ditebar dalam setiap akuarium frekuensi 50x40x35 cm yang diisi air 60 1. Selama 40 had masa pemeliharaan. ikan diberi pakan buatan berkadar protein 27% dengan frekwensi tiga kali sehari, at satiation. Sebelum diberikan ke ikan, pakan tersebut ditambah produk probiotik (mengandung Bacillus sp. 4,2 x 106 CFU/ml) dengan dosis 0, 5, 15 atau 25 ml/kg pakan. Pakan yang mengandung probiotik hanya diberikan sekali setiap hari, yakni pada pukul 13.00. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya penambahan probiotik dalam pakan sampai dosis 15 ml/kg pakan menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan retensi protein, retensi lemak dan laju pertumbuhan harian ikan, serta menurunkan konversi pakan. Penambahan probiotik lebih lanjut (25 ml/kg pakan) menurunkan kinerja pertumbuhan di atas. Sementara itu. kelompok ikan di setiap perlakuan mengkonsumsi pakan dalam jumlah yang tidak berbeda nyata, yaitu antara 132,43 g sampai 137,84 g. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa penambahan probiotik di dalam pakan tidak memberikan adanya perbedaan yang nyata terhadap tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan, yaitu antara 98,3% - 100%.
 Kata kunci: Probiotik. Bacillus sp.. ikan patin Pangasius hypophthalmus
Resistance of Fry from Vaccinated Mother of Gift Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linn.) to Artificial Infection of Streptococcus iniae
Authors: Nur I. , Sukenda . , Dana D.
Published: February 2017

An investigation was made to study the efficacy of dosage and time of administration in maternal vaccination. Mothers of nile tilapia were vaccinated by intraperitoneal injection with adjuvant-heat killed Streptococcus iniae at one and two weeks after spawning at the dosages of 0,2 ml/kg and 0,4 ml/kg body weight. Unvaccinated mothers were used as control. Agglutinating antibody titers in the blood plasma of mothers before and after spawning, eggs soluble extract, the body fluid of fry at 5, 10 and 15 days post hatching (DPH) were examined. The protective immunity of fry was tested by challenge test, the survival rate (SR) and the relative percent survival (RPS) offish within 7 days was observed. There was no difference in the antibody level of mothers, eggs soluble extract, and the body fluid of fry at 5, 10 and 15 DPH from vaccinated mothers at one or two weeks after spawning. However, antibody of mothers, eggs and fry from vaccinated mothers at the dosage of 0,4 ml/kg body weight were higher than the dosage of 0,2 ml/kg body weight and control. Antibody titre. of fry of vaccinated mothers at 5, 10 and 15 DPH were (-log2=2,88), (-log2=2,53) and (-log2=2,07) respectively, while SR were 89%, 94% and 92% respectively. SR of control fry were lower 7%, 10% and 12% respectively than fry from vaccinated mother; meanwhile RPS were 47%. 76% and 77% respectively.

Key words: Maternal immunity. Streptococcus iniae, Oreochromis niloticus, vaccination, antibody

 

ABSTRAK

Suatu studi tentang efikasi dari dosis dan waktu pemberian vaksin pada vaksinasi lewat induk dilakukan. Induk ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) diberi vaksin melalui injeksi intraperitoneal dengan "adjuvant-heat killed Streptococcus iniae" satu minggu sesudah memijah dan dua minggu sesudah memijah dengan dosis 0,2 ml/kg dan 0,4 ml/kg bobot tubuh. Aglutinasi titer antibodi dari plasma darah induk sebelum dan sesudah memijah, ekstrak terlarut telur, dan cairan tubuh pada 5, 10 dan 15 hari setelah menetas (DPH) diperiksa. Imunitas dari larva diuji dengan uji tantang, kelangsungan hidup (SR) dalam 7 hari setelah uji tantang diamati. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan pada level antibodi dari induk, ekstrak terlarut telur dan cairan tubuh dari larva pada 5, 10 dan 15 DPH dari induk yang diberi vaksin pada satu atau dua minggu setelah memijah. Akan tetapi, level antibodi induk, ekstrak terlarut telur dan cairan tubuh larva dari induk-induk yang diberi vaksin dengan dosis 0.4 ml/kg bobot tubuh lebih tinggi dari 0.2 ml/kg bobot tubuh dan kontrol. Level antibodi dari larva yang berasal dari induk yang diberi vaksin dengan dosis 0.2 ml/kg, 0.4 ml/kg dan kontrol adalah (-log2=2.5), (-log2=2.9) dan (-log2=2). Sedangkan kelangsungan hidupnya masing-masing 95%, 94% dan 84%.
 Kata kunci: Imunitas induk. Streptococcus iniae, Oreochromis niloticus, vaksinasi, antibodi
Effect of Thyroxine Hormone Administration in Female Broodstock on Metamorphosis and Survival Rates of Marble Goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata, BLKR.) Larva
Authors: Hermawan . , Junior M. Zairin , Raswin M.M.
Published: February 2017

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of thyroxine hormone injection on female marble goby on metamorphosis and survival rate of their larva. Thyroxine hormone was injected into female at the dosage of 0,25 and 50 µg/g body weight. And then the female were reared with males in spawning tanks. Spawned eggs were hatched and the larva was observed for organogenesis, yolk absorption and growth in length. Formation of eye spot, swim bladder and body pigment becoming faster as the increase in thyroxine hormone dose. Yolk volume in larva that was obtained form thyroxine injected female decreased faster than those of control. Thyroxine hormone did not affected length growth and survival rate

Key words: Marble goby, broodstock, thyroxine, metamorphosis, survival rate, larva
Survival Rate and Growth of Fighting Fish Larvae (Betta splendens Regan) Fed on Various Live Foods
Authors: Budiardi T. , Nursyams T. , Sudrajat Agus Oman
Published: February 2017

Larval of fighting fish (Betta splendens Regan) requires precise live foods for its growth and survival. In this experiment, fish larvae were fed on either Paramecium + Artemia, Paramecium + Artemia + Tubifex, Paramecium + Moina, or Paramecium + Moina + Tubifex. The fish were fed Paramecium from day-2 till day-7 after hatching. There after, the live food was changed according to the treatments till day-28.  Results showed that fish fed on Paramecium + Artemia significantly had the highest total length (12.63 mm) than other treatments (11.86 mm). On the other hand, survival rate of fish had no significant affected by the treatments.

Keywords: fighting fish, Betta splendens, Paramecium, Moina, Artemia, Tubifex, larvae

 

ABSTRAK

Larva ikan betta (Betta splendens Regan) membutuhkan jenis pakan alami yang tepat bagi kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhannya. Pada penelitian ini, larva ikan diberi pakan berupa Paramecium + Artemia, Paramecium + Artemia + Tubifex, Paramecium + Moina, atau Paramecium + Moina + Tubifex.  Ikan diberi pakan pakan berupa Paramecium dari hari ke-2 hingga hari ke-7. Setelah itu, pemberian pakan alami diubah berdasarkan masing-masing perlakuan hingga hari ke-28.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan yang diberi pakan Paramecium + Artemia memiliki tubuh secara signifikan lebih panjang (12,63 mm) dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya (11,86 mm).  Sementara itu, kelangsungan hidup tidak dipengatuhi oleh perlakuan.

Kata kunci: ikan betta, Betta splendens, Paramecium, Moina, Artemia, Tubifex, larva
Toxicity Study of Trichlorfon Insecticide Towards Nile Tilapia Oreochromis sp.
Authors: Supriyono E. , Pong-Masak P.R. , Naiborhu P.E.
Published: February 2017

The study was conducted to study toxicity and accumulation levels of trichlorofon in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) in weight of 2.54±0.79 g.  Experiment was diveded into three steps, i.e., (1) determination of toxicity range for 48 hours, (2) devinitive test for 96 hours, and (3) bioaccumulation test for 96 hours.  Experiment  was performed using aquaria (volume 10 liter) with semi-static system.  Data was analyzed descriptively and probit test. The results of study indicated that Nile tilapia (8.33%) died after exposuring with trichlorofon 8 ppm for 24 hours, and all fish died when they were exposured with trichlorofon 50 ppm for 18 hours.  LC50 value at 96 hours was 8.52 ppm, while safe concentration levels was 0.43 ppm.  Accumulation rate of tricholorofon in the body Nile tilapia was 0.11% per day. 

Keywords: toxicity, trichlorfon, Nile tilapia, Oreochromis sp.

 

ABSTRAK

Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat toksisitas dan akumulasi insektisida triklorfon pada ikan nila (Oreochromis sp.) dengan bobot 2,54±0,79 g.  Percobaan dilakukan dalam tiga tahap, yaitu uji penentuan kisaran selama 48 jam, uji definitif selama 96 jam dan studi bioakumulasi selama 96 jam.  Percobaan menggunakan akuarium kaca volume 10 liter dengan sistem semi statik.  Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan analisis probit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan nila mulai mati setelah diberikan triklorfon 8 ppm selama 24 jam, and semua ikan mati dengan pemberian triklorofon 50 ppm selama 18 jam.  Nilai LC50 96 jam sebesar 8,52 ppm, sementara  tingkat konsentrasi aman sebesar 0,43 ppm.  Terjadi peningkatan konsentrasi residu dalam tubuh ikan nila dengan laju penyerapan harian 0,11%. 

Kata kunci: toksisitas, triklorfon, ikan nila, Oreochromis sp.
Effect of Salinity Adaptation Technique on Survival and Growth Rate of Patin Catfish, Pangasius sp.
Authors: Nirmala K. , Lesmono D.P. , Djokosetiyanto D.
Published: February 2017

This study was carried out to determine the effect of salinity adaptation techniques on growth and survival of patin catfish Pangasius sp. fry.  Fry of 1.5-2.0 inch in length were reared in the water with different of the initial salinity of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 ppt.  Salinity was then daily increased by duplicated the initial water salinity until fish died.  The results of study showed that fry could survive by initial salinity adaptation of 1 ppt and then increasing the salinity by 1 ppt/day to reach 27 ppt.  In the other treatments, all fry died after the salinity reach 18-25 ppt.

Keywords: patin catfish, Pangasius, adaptation, salinity

 

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh teknik adaptasi salinitas terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup benih ikan patin Pangasius sp.  Benih patin ukuran 1,5-2 inci dipelihara pada salinitas awal berbeda, yaitu 1, 2, 3, 4 dan 5 ppt. Salinitas air pemeliharaan ditingkatkan kelipatan dari salinitas awal setiap hari hingga ikan mati.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adaptasi salinitas awal 1 ppt dan peningkatan sebesar 1ppt/hari menyebabkan ikan dapat bertahan hidup sampai pada salinitas 27 ppt. Pada perlakuan lainnya, benih ikan mengalami kematian masal ketika salinitas mencapai 18-25 ppt.
 Kata kunci: ikan patin, Pangasius, adaptasi, salinitas
Effect of Different Feeding on Feed Conversion and Growth of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Floating Net Cage Culture at Jatiluhur Dike
Authors: Utomo N.B.P , Kumalasari F. , Mokoginta I.
Published: February 2017

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of two feeding methods commonly used in cage culture of carp Cyprinus carpio at Jatiluhur Lake, Purwakarta. Common carp in mean weight of 24.29±4.29 gram were reared in floating net cage 7×7×3 m3, for 70 days rearing.  Fish were fed on a commercial diet containing 30% protein at 5 times daily.  Experimental treatment was feeding technique, i.e., by 6% of body weight, and at satiation for the second treatment.  The results showed that the application of "at satiation feeding method" was more effective than "fixed method" (6% of body weight) indicating with food conversion ratio of 1.86 versus 1.91. Production of fish fed on the diet using at satiation method for 70 days was 1,241 kg/cage.

Keywords: common carp, Cyprinus carpio, FCR, floating net cage, at satiation

 

ABSTRAK

Salah satu cara untuk menekan biaya dalam usaha budidaya ikan secara intensif adalah dengan penggunaan pakan secera efisien agar ikan tumbuh optimal dan pakan yang terbuang seminimal mungkin. Penelitian dilakukan di Waduk Jatiluhur, Purwakarta.  Ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) ukuran bobot awal rata-rata 24,29±4,29 gram dipelihara dalam jaring apung ukuran 7×7×3 m3, selama 70 hari.  Ikan diberi pakan dengan frekuensi yang sama sebanyak 5 kali/hari. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini adalah teknik pemberian pakan, yaitu ikan pada jaring pertama diberi pakan sebanyak 6% dari bobot biomassa, sementara pada jaring kedua ikan diberi pakan sekenyangnya (at satiation).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan dengan metode sekenyangnya (at satiation) menghasilkan nilai FCR sebesar 1,86 yang relatif lebih efisien dibandingkan dengan sebanyak 6% berdasarkan bobot biomassa (1,91). Produktivitas akhir ikan dengan pemberian pakan sekenyangnya 70 hari pemeliharaan dalam jaring apung di waduk Jatiluhur mencapai 1.241 kg.

Kata kunci: ikan mas, Cyprinus carpio, FCR, Keramba jaring apung, at satiation
Effect of Different Rearing Density on Survival Rate and Growth of Giant Gouramy Osphronemus gouramy Lac. Fry at Size of 2 cm in Length
Authors: Effendi I. , Bugri H.J. , Widanarni .
Published: February 2017

Giant gouramy Osphronemus gouramy Lac is one of the fish for food that has high economic value, but its production is not  met with the market demand yet.  The effort is needed to be done in order to increase production of giant gouramy fry by an intensive hatchery system through high rearing density.  This study was performed to determine the effect of rearing density on survival rate and growth of fry.  Fry were reared in aquaria 60x29x33 cm filled with 35 liters water, and fed by Tubifex at satiation as much as  0.23-0.28 g/fry/day with feeding frequency  2 times a day.   Collected  data were survival rate, growth, feed consumption, feed efficiency, and water quality.  The result of study showed that survival rate and feed efficiency did not affected by rearing density, while growth and feed quantity were did.  Survival rate of fish was high; 90.14-99.52%.  Growth and feed consumption were decreased by increasing of  rearing density.

Keywords: giant gouramy, Osphronemus gouramy, rearing density, growth

 

ABSTRAK

Ikan gurame, Osphronemus gouramy Lac. merupakan salah satu jenis ikan konsumsi yang memiliki nilai ekonomi yang cukup tinggi, tetapi hasil produksinya masih belum dapat memenuhi permintaan pasar. Upaya perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi benih ikan gurame dengan pembenihan secara intensif melalui peningkatan padat penebaran. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh padat penebaran terhadap kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan benih ikan gurami. Benih ikan gurami dipelihara pada akuarium berukuran 60×29×33 cm3 yang diisi air sebanyak 35 liter. Pakan berupa cacing sutera diberikan secara at satiation sebanyak 0,23 - 0,28 g/ekor/hari dengan frekuensi 2 kali/hari. Data yang diambil meliputi kelangsungan hidup, pertumbuhan, jumlah pakan yang dikonsumsi, efisiensi pakan dan kualitas air.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa padat penebaran tidak mempengaruhi kelangsungan hidup dan efisiensi pakan, namun mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan jumlah pakan yang dikonsumsi. Kelangsungan hidup selama pemeliharaan tergolong baik yaitu berkisar antara 90,14 - 99,52 %. Pertumbuhan dan jumlah pakan yang dikonsumsi ikan mengalami penurunan dengan meningkatnya padat penebaran.

Kata kunci: gurami, Osphronemus gouramy, padat penebaran, pertumbuhan
Efficacy of Chitosan as Pb Remover and its Effect on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryo Development
Authors: Nirmala K. , Sekarsari J. , Suptijah P.
Published: February 2017

Chitosan is a by-product from crustacean carapas. Chitosan has a cationic  polyelectrolyte activity, hence it can be used as remover of heavy metal from polluted water.  This study was aimed to determine optimum concentration of chitosan to remove Pb, efficacy time in Pb removal and its effect on early development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos.  The treatments in this study was control, and chitosan concentration of 70, 85 and 100 mg/L. the results of this study showed that maximum reducing of Pb was obtained at the time of 48 and 72 hours after treatment by chitosan, but Pb level was returning to increase after 96 hours of chitosan treatment.  Abnormality of zebrafish embryos and survival rate of larvae were similar (p>0.05) among treatments, while hatching rate in 100 g/L chitosan was significantly different  (p≤0.05).  Thus, chitosan in concentration of 85 mg/L was effective to  remove Pb  till  81.12% for 3 days, and could increased hatching rate till 59.75%.

Keywords: chitosan, Pb, remover, zebrafish, Danio rerio

 

ABSTRAK

Khitosan merupakan hasil sampingan dari limbah perikanan berupa kulit krustasea. Dengan adanya sifat polielektrolit kation dari khitosan, maka khitosan dapat digunakan sebagai pengkhelat logam berat dalam perairan tercemar.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi optimum khitosan dalam mengkhelat logam berat timbal (Pb), waktu efektivitas khitosan dalam pengkhelatan Pb dan pengaruhnya terhadap telur ikan zebra Danio rerio. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini antara lain kontrol, blanko, khitosan konsentrasi 70, 85 dan 100 mg/l. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan maksimal persentase Pb masing-masing perlakuan khitosan terjadi pada jam ke-48 dan jam ke-72, namun kembali meningkat pada jam ke-96 hingga akhir perlakuan. Abnormalitas telur dan kelangsungan hidup larva ikan zebra pada setiap perlakuan tidak berbeda nyata (P ≥ 0.05), namun derajat penetasan telur ikan pada perlakuan 100 mg/l berbeda nyata (P ≤ 0.05). Dengan demikian, konsentrasi khitosan yang efektif untuk mengkhelat Pb adalah 85 mg/liter hingga 81,12% dengan waktu efektivitas selama 3 hari, serta dapat meningkatkan derajat penetasan telur ikan zebra hingga 59,75%.

Kata kunci: khitosan, timbal, pengkhelat, ikan zebra, Danio rerio
Effect of Heating at Various Temperatures for 30 Minutes on Pathogenicity of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in Tiger Prawn (Penaeus monodon Fabr.)
Authors: Priatni D. , Alifuddin M. , Djokosetiyanto D.
Published: February 2017

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a strong pathogenic virus which spread very rapidly and can cause tiger shrimp mass mortality within a short period.  Enhancement of shrimp immunity by infecting inactivated WSSV is one of the efforts to overcome WSSV infection in shrimp.  In this study, inactivated WSSV were prepared by heating them with various temperatures namely 45, 50, 55 and 60oC for 30 minutes. The results shows that infection with  heating inactivated WSSV at 45°C and 60°C for 30 min on PL-15 could increase their immunities.  The survival rate of inactivated WSSV-infected shrimp after challenge test with  WSSV virulent  reached 77%, while  no survive shrimp was observed in control.  This suggests that shrimp immunity could be improved by vaccination using  WSSV virus inactivated by heating.

Keywords: WSSV virus, pathogen, tiger shrimp, heating

 

ABSTRAK

White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) merupakan virus yang sangat ganas bagi udang windu, dengan penularan yang sangat cepat dan menyebabkan kematian dalam waktu yang cepat. Peningkatan imunitas udang dengan meenginfeksikan WSSV inaktif merupakan salah satu upaya untuk menanggulangi infeksi WSSV pada udang. Pada penelitian ini, inaktivasi WSSV dilakukan menggunakan pemanasan pada suhu berbeda, yaitu 45, 50, 55 dan 60oC selama 30 menit.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa infeksi PL-15 menggunakan virus WSSV yang telah diinaktivasi dengan pemanasan pada suhu 45oC dan 60oC dapat meningkatkan daya tahan udang.  Kelangsungan hidup udang yang telah diinfeksi dengan WSSV hasil inaktivasi sebelum uji tantang dengan WSSV virulen mencapai 77%, sementara udang yang tidak diinfeksi dengan WSSV hasil inaktivasi adalah semua mati.  Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa daya tahan udang dapat ditingkatkan melalui vaksinasi menggunakan WSSV yang telah diinaktivasi dengan pemanasan.

Kata kunci: virus WSSV, patogen, udang windu, pemanasan
Prevention of White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection on Penaeus monodon by Immersion in CEPM Extract of Avicennia sp. and Sonneratia sp.
Authors: Wahjuningrum D. , Sholeh S.H. , Nuryati Sri
Published: February 2017

The quality and survival rate are still being the problem that hampers the productivity of black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon culture.  Impaired quality of larval shrimp and environmental conditions can confer shrimp be infected by diseases, including viruses such as white spot syndrome virus (WSSV).  Prevention of disease infection using chemicals can offer negative impacts on water, pathogen resistance and consumers.  This study was conducted to examine the efficacy of an alternative prevention compound as liquid mangrove extract (CEPM) from Avicennia sp. and Sonneratia sp. By immersion in different dose of CEPM, i.e. 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm, the patogenicity of WSSV was found to be different.  Patogenicity of WSSV decreased after treatment by CEPM, hence this could be used to induce shrimp immunity.  Optimum dose of CEPM was 250 ppm, which could increased survival rate of shrimp after challenging by WSSV, up to 98.4% shrimp survived.

Keywrods: WSSV, black tiger shrimp, extract, Avicennia sp., Sonneratia sp.

 

ABSTRAK

Kualitas dan kelangsungan hidup merupakan masalah yang masih membatasi produktivitas budidaya udang windu Penaeus monodon. Kondisi udang dan kualitas lingkungan yang kurang baik dapat menyebabkan udang terserang penyakit, termasuk yang disebabkan oleh virus termasuk white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Upaya pengendaliannya menggunakan bahan kimia secara berlebih dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi lingkungan perairan, kesehatan konsumen dan menimbulkan resistensi patogen. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas bahan alternatif berupa cairan ekstrak pohon mangrove (CEPM) dari jenis Avicennia sp. dan Sonneratia sp. sebagai upaya pencegahan. Dengan perendaman beberapa konsentrasi yang berbeda (250, 500, 750 dan 1000 ppm) penggunaan cairan ekstrak pohon mangrove (CEPM) Avicennia sp. dan Sonneratia sp., memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda terhadap patogenitas WSSV dan udang uji pada setiap perlakuan. Tingkat patogenitas WSSV relatif menurun setelah perlakuan tersebut sehingga dapat digunakan untuk merangsang kekebalan tubuh udang.  Perlakuan yang optimal yaitu pada dosis 250 ppm, dimana pada perlakuan ini dapat meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup udang uji yang diuji tantang dengan white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup 98,4 %.

Kata kunci: WSSV, udang windu, ekstrak, Avicennia sp., Sonneratia sp.

 
Growth performance of African catfish (Clarias sp.) juvenile fed on the diets containing various chromium content
Authors: Aryansyah H. , Mokoginta I. , Jusadi D.
Published: February 2017

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different dietary chromium level on the growth performance of catfish (Clarias sp.) juvenile. Five experimental diets contain different chromium level, namely diet A (as a control diet) 0.01; B 1.30; C 2.60; D 3.90 and E 5.20 mg/kg diet were used in this experiment. Fish with body weight of  5.57 ± 0.01 g/ind, fed on the experimental diet, twice a day, at satiation. Feeding trial was conducted for 60 days. Based on the evaluation of protein level of the whole body, protein and lipid retention, daily growth rate and feed efficiency, it was concluded that the optimum dietary chromium level for catfish  juvenile was 2.60 mg/kg diet.

Keywords: chromium, growth, Clarias sp.

 

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kromium dengan level berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan ikan lele (Clarias sp.) juvenil.  Lima jenis pakan yang mengandung kromium berbeda, yaitu pakan A  (kontrol) 0,01; B 1,30; C 2,60; D 3,90 dan pakan E 5,20 mg/kg digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Ikan dengan bobot 5,57 ± 0,01 g/ind., diberi pakan 2 kali sehari secara satiasi.  Pemeliharaan ikan dilakukan selama 60 hari.  Berdasarkan analisa retensi protein, kandungan protein dan retensi lemak dalam tubuh ikan lele, disimpulkan bahwa kadar kromium yang optimum untuk juvenil ikan lele adalah 2,60 mg/kg pakan.
 Kata kunci: kromium, pertumbuhan, Clarias sp.
Identification and Koch Postsulate Test of Fungal Causative Disease in Gouramy Fish
Authors: Nuryati Sri , Sari F.B.P. , Taukhid .
Published: February 2017

Micotic diseases caused by aquatic fungi is often found in gouramy fish (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) at various stages from egg hatching to adult. Samples of fungi were isolated and identified from eggs and fish indicated with fungal diseases infection. Saprolegnia was identified in infected egg whereas Aphanomyces sp. was identified in the internal part (underneath lesion) of gouramy fish. Postulate Koch tests was further confirmed that both species could infect gouramy fish.    

Keyword : Gouramy, fungi, Saprolegnia and Aphanomyces

 

ABSTRAK

Penyakit mikotik yang disebabkan oleh cendawan akuatik sering ditemui pada ikan gurame (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) dari fase penetasan telur sampai ukuran dewasa. Dari isolasi dan identifikasi yang dilakukan terhadap telur yang terinfeksi dan permukaan tukak diperoleh cendawan Saprolegnia, sedangkan isolasi dan dan identifikasi dari bagian internal (dibawah tukak) ikan gurame diperoleh cendawan Aphanomyces sp. Dari uji reinfeksi dengan menggunakan Postulat Koch diperoleh hasil bahwa cendawan Saprolegnia yang diisolasi dari telur gurame maupun cendawa cendawan Aphanomyces dari tukak dapat menginfeksi ikan gurame.

Kata kunci : gurame, cendawan, Saprolegnia dan Aphanomyces
Growth of Banggai Cardinalfish Pterapogon kauderni Reared at Different Salinity in a Controlled System
Authors: Madinawati . , Ndobe Samliok , Gamgulu Afiat
Published: February 2017

The research was conducted to study the effect of salinity on the growth of Banggai Cardinalfish Pterapogon kauderni. The research was set up in completely randomized design with different salinity as the main variable, i.e. 27, 29, 31, 33 and 35 ppt with 4 replications. The result showed that the lowest salinity (27 ppt) resulted in the highest fish growth (1.625 g).

Keywords : Growth, salinity, Banggai Cardinalfish

 

ABSTRAK

Penelitian telah dilakukan  untuk mengetahui pengaruh salinitas terhadap pertumbuhan ikan kardinal banggai Pterapogon kauderni yang dipelihara dalam akuarium. Penelitian  menggunakan  Rancangan  Acak   Lengkap  dengan 5 perlakuan salinitas, yaitu 27, 29, 31, 33 dan 35 ppt, masing-masing 4 kali ulangan.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan berat mutlak (1,625 g) tertinggi diperoleh pada salinitas 27 ppt.

Kata kunci : Pertumbuhan, salinitas, Kardinal Banggai
Uang dan ruang yang berkelanjutan dalam pembentukan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes)
Authors: Huruta Andrian Dolfriandra , Sasongko Gatot
Published: February 2017

Money and space were elements that continually contested. This article aimed to described the role of money and space to support development activity, using the case study of Mbatakapidu. “Money” in this article was referred to fund assistance from external parties such as government (central, province or regency), non-governmental organization (NGOs), and internal side such as self-supporting (local resources), while “space” that referred in this article was local institution called BUMDes (Badan Usaha Milik Desa). This research applied qualitative approach by conducting a case study. Data were gathered through in-depth interview to 5 purposively-selected informants. Secondary data from previous research was used as complement to primary data. Researchers also held a focus group discussion to gain more accurate explanation about the phenomena. The case study shows that fund which entered the village was not yet accompanied by the presence of BUMDes, due to the absence of  supporting regulations such as regional regulation (Perda) and village regulation (Perdes) about BUMDes East Sumba regency, especially in Mbatakapidu. BUMDes as an instrument to develop village’s economics must followed by the presence of regulation as a legal basis, driven by local value which guide knowledge, attitude and practice of indigenous people.
The Pharaoh of the Exodus: Fairy tale or real history?
Authors: Gertoux Gerard
Published: February 2017

For Egyptologists as well as archaeologists, and even now Bible scholars, the answer to the question: Who to believe: Moses or Egyptologists? is obvious: Rather than attempt to defend the factual historicity of the Exodus traditions, I suggest that we must understand the Exodus story precisely as a myth, specifically as a “metaphor for liberation” (...) There is ample evidence that the Exodus story was read metaphorically already in ancient times, certainly so by the early rabbis and by later rabbinical commentaries (Dever: 2003, 233).
Several scholars (Finkelstein, Dever and others) posit that the Exodus narrative may have developed from collective memories of the Hyksos expulsions of Semitic Canaanites from Egypt, possibly elaborated on to encourage resistance to the 7th century domination of Judah by Egypt. For these scholars the liberation from Egypt after the “10 plagues”, as it is written in the Book of Exodus, is quite different from the historical “war of liberation against the Hyksos”. For them, “it seems” that several campaigns against the stronghold at Avaris were needed, during at least one decade, before the Hyksos were finally dislodged and driven from Lower Egypt by Ahmose I, the first pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt, who won the war against the Hyksos. What are the Egyptian documents underlying this hypothesis: none, and what is the chronology of this mysterious war: nobody knows! Consequently, who to believe: Moses or Egyptologists? This study will give the answer.
The Meca Sapiens Blueprint
Authors: Tardy Jean E.
Published: February 2017

The Meca Sapiens Blueprint is a System Architecture to build conscious machines. A system based on the Meca Sapiens Blueprint will be a unique and autonomous entity that is self-aware and capable of intentional mutations. It will interact with humans as an independent and self-directed being.

The Blueprint is complete (at the system architecture level) and ready for design and implementation. Its content is unique and entirely original. Using the Blueprint, a development team that is familiar with conventional software techniques can transform an autonomous agent into a conscious synthetic being.

The Meca Sapiens Blueprint is primarily intended for software developers. However, its content is readily accessible to the informed layman. It will be of interest to anyone interested in Artificial Intelligence or concerned about the impacts of this emerging technology on society. By discovering the mechanisms that generate synthetic consciousness, all readers will also gain a renewed understanding of human consciousness itself.
Network Analysis: A Novel Approach to Understand Suicidal Behavior
Authors: de Beurs Derek
Published: February 2017

Although suicide is a major public health issue worldwide, we understand little of the onset and development of suicidal behavior. Suicidal behavior is argued to be the end result of the complex interaction between psychological, social and biological factors. A new approach called network analysis can help us better understand suicidal behavior as it allows to visualize and quantify complex association between many different symptoms or risk factors. Risk factors for suicidal behaviour such as intensity of suicidal thoughts and impulsivity are thought to cause each other. A network perspective can help us understand how these risk factors interact and how their interaction is related to future suicidal behaviour. A network perspective has been successfully applied to the field of depression and psychosis, but not yet to the field of suicidology. In this theoretical article, I will introduce the concept of network analysis to the field of suicide prevention, and offer directions for future applications and studies.
Potential Modes of Intercellular Alpha-Synuclein Transmission
Authors: Valdinocci Dario , Radford Rowan A. W. , Siow Sue Maye , Chung Roger S. , Pountney Dean L.
Published: February 2017

Intracellular aggregates of the alpha-synuclein protein result in cell loss and dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease and atypical parkinsonism, such as multiple system atrophy and dementia with Lewy bodies. Each of these neurodegenerative conditions, known collectively as alpha-synucleinopathies, may be characterized by a different suite of molecular triggers that initiate pathogenesis. The mechanisms whereby alpha-synuclein aggregates in turn mediate cytotoxicity also remain to be fully elucidated. However, recent studies have implicated the cell-to-cell spread of alpha-synuclein as the major mode of disease propagation between brain regions during disease progression. Here, we review the current evidence for different modes of alpha-synuclein cellular release, movement and uptake, including exocytosis, exosomes, tunnelling nanotubes, glymphatic flow and endocytosis. A more detailed understanding of the major modes by which alpha-synuclein pathology spreads throughout the brain may provide new targets for therapies that halt the progression of disease.
Concentração letal do glifosato para juvenis de Curimatã-Pacu
Authors: SILVA Emília Tatiane Lopes da , DIAS Maria Letícia Fernandes , PEDREIRA Marcelo Mattos , SANTOS José Barbosa dos
Published: February 2017

Neste trabalho objetivou-se determinar a CL50 do herbicida glifosato (CL50) para curimatã-pacu, Prochilodus argenteus. O experimento foi realizado na CODEVASF de Três Marias, MG, Brasil, onde teve a duração de 96 h, utilizando-se 240 juvenis de curimatãí pacu (comprimento padrão de 6,4 Â± 8,47 cm; e peso de 8,98 Â± 3,91 g). Os animais foram submetidos a seis concentrações do herbicida: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 40 mg.L-1 em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições cada. A cada 24 h foi observado o comportamento dos animais e a taxa de mortalidade, e em 48, 72 e 96 h foram estimadas as CL50. A CL50 de glyphosate em 48, 72 e 96 h foi 20,88; 19,91 e 19,09 mg.L-1, respectivamente. O herbicida provocou natação errática nos peixes.
A pesca de pequena escala na bacia Amazônica: padrões gerais e diversidade pelos desembarques de cinco sub-bacias
Authors: LOPES Giulia Cristina dos Santos , CATARINO Michel Fabiano , LIMA Álvaro Carvalho de , FREITAS Carlos Edwar de Carvalho
Published: February 2017

A pesca comercial das sub-bacias dos rios Madeira, Purus, Juruá, Alto Solimões e Baixo-Amazonas foi estudada com o objetivo de traçar o perfil integrado da atividade pesqueira na Bacia Amazônica. Os dados foram coletados em 2012,nos principais portos de desembarque das cidades de Humaitá, Boca do Acre, Juruá, Tabatinga e Parintins. O nome comum das espécies foi registrado, assim como a captura (kg), os apetrechos, os pesqueiros e esforço de pesca. Em geral, o desembarque foi dominado por Characiformes migradores. Em Boca do Acre, no rio Purus, os Siluriformes foram mais importantes, com destaque ao surubim, (Pseudoplatystoma spp.). Os desembarques foram maiores nos perí­­odos de vazante. Redes de emalhar e um tipo de rede de cerco (chamado localmente de "redinhaââ‚¬Â) concentraram as capturas. Rio e Lagos foram os pesqueiros mais explorados. A CPUE variou de 12 a 216.5 kg/homem.dia, com maiores valores médios nos municí­­pios de Parintins e Juruá.
Contribution of Top Management of Business Organization in Promoting Social Harmony
Authors: Sahu Harsha
Published: February 2017

Management is the process of reaching organizational goals by working with people and other resources. Or knowing what you want people to do, and then getting them to do it the best way. Management is not only practiced in organization and business entities, but management plays an important role in our daily lives and is practiced by every individual is some or the other way. Management is a continuing process, and managers are always involved in it. It helps them to accomplish their objectives. Man is a social being. But within each social group there may be heterogeneous traits and features. So each organization can be thought of as pluralistic and need social harmony for peaceful co-existence. Management can contribute towards social harmony by building- up cordial industrial relationships, ensuring better life and welfare to employee’s increasing employees’ participation over decisions within the workplace. Consequently, employees will take more interest and initiative in the work assigned. They will feel that they are the vital element of the organization and the organization belongs to them. This will generate the sense of belongingness and loyalty towards the organization. The peaceful co-existence of people from different levels of management can create pleasant and harmonious atmosphere in the organization. The purpose of the study is to investigate how the strong and efficient top level management of the organization can contribute in encouraging social harmony in the workplace. The paper took into account the positive strategies adopted by top management for promoting social harmony in the organization and its implication on the employees, productivity and the economy of the organization. The research methodology is based on the secondary data which include compilation of research article of the experts in the field and the reflections of the essays and article published in the websites. The approach of the study is exploratory in nature.
Patient and Radiographic Factors Help to Predict Metal-on-Metal Hip Resurfacings with Evidence of a Pseudotumor
Authors: Matharu Gulraj S. , Blanshard Oliver , Dhaliwal Kawaljit , Judge Andrew , Murray David W. , Pandit Hemant G.
Published: February 2017

Background:

The role of radiographs in the follow-up of patients with metal-on-metal hip resurfacing (MoMHR) implants is unclear. We investigated whether a combination of patient and radiographic factors predicted MoMHRs with evidence of a pseudotumor.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective single-center case-control study of 384 MoMHRs. The pseudotumor group of 130 hips all had evidence of a symptomatic pseudotumor on cross-sectional imaging, with the diagnosis confirmed at revision. The nonpseudotumor group of 254 hips (a subgroup of these hips were previously reported on) all had normal findings on cross-sectional imaging. Radiographs taken immediately prior to revision were assessed in the pseudotumor group and were compared with radiographs taken at the time of normal cross-sectional imaging in the nonpseudotumor group. Two blinded independent observers analyzed the radiographs for signs of failure, with excellent interobserver agreement. Logistic regression modeling identified the patient and radiographic predictors of revision for pseudotumor.

Results:

Hips with a pseudotumor more commonly had abnormal findings on radiographs compared to hips without a pseudotumor (80.0% compared with 63.4%; p = 0.001). Patient and radiographic factors predictive of revision for pseudotumor in the multivariable model were female sex (odds ratio [OR], 3.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.85 to 5.35; p < 0.001), high inclination (OR, 1.04 per degree; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.07 per degree; p = 0.006), acetabular osteolysis (OR, 5.06; 95% CI, 2.14 to 12.0; p < 0.001), femoral osteolysis (OR, 17.8; 95% CI, 5.09 to 62.2; p < 0.001), and acetabular loosening (OR, 3.35; 95% CI, 1.34 to 8.35; p = 0.009). Factors predictive of not having a pseudotumor were anteversion of ≥5° (5° to <10°: OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.77; p = 0.012; and ≥10°: OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.70; p = 0.004) and heterotopic ossification (OR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.72; p = 0.015). The final multivariable model was well calibrated (p = 0.589), with good discriminatory ability (area under the curve = 0.801; sensitivity = 74.4%; specificity = 71.7%).

Conclusions:

A combination of patient and radiographic factors provided useful information for distinguishing between MoMHRs with and without evidence of a pseudotumor. Surgeons may wish to consider these specific patient and radiographic factors before proceeding with cross-sectional imaging. Radiographs are important when assessing patients with MoMHR implants and should be included in all follow-up protocols.

Level of Evidence:

Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.