bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive model of polymer reaction kinetics and coagulation behavior in seeded emulsion co- and ter-polymerizations
Authors: Banetta Luca , Storti Giuseppe , Hoggard George , Simpson Gareth , Zaccone Alessio
Published: September 2020

A mathematical model to describe the emulsion polymerization kinetics of co- and ter-polymerizations is developed.
Novel D–π-A and A–π-D–π-A three-component photoinitiating systems based on carbazole/triphenylamino based chalcones and application in 3D and 4D printing
Authors: Chen Hong , Noirbent Guillaume , Zhang Yijun , Brunel Damien , Gigmes Didier , Morlet-Savary Fabrice , Graff Bernadette , Xiao Pu , Dumur Frédéric , Lalevée Jacques
Published: September 2020

A series of carbazole or triphenylamine based mono-chalcones, displaying either D–π-A or A–π-D–π-A architecture have been designed as photoinitiators for 3D and 4D printing.
Manganese ions conjugated on layered bismuth oxyhalides for high-performance pseudocapacitors and efficient oxygen evolution catalysts
Authors: Arumugasamy Shiva Kumar , Govindaraju Saravanan , Yun Kyusik
Published: September 2020

The synthesized Mn-BiOX (X = Cl, I and Br).
Remarkable solid-state fluorescence change from the visible to the near-infrared region based on the protonation/deprotonation of an AIEgen
Authors: Li Yangyang , Wang Xian , Zhang Lei , Liu Luqi , Wang Qiusheng , Lu Hongguang , Zhao Xiaowei
Published: September 2020

An AIEgen exhibits a fluorescence switch between the visible and the NIR region upon acid/base stimuli, and accessible solid-state NIR emission.
The characteristics of combustion reactions involving thermite under different shell materials
Authors: Chen Jialin , Guo Tao , Song Jiaxing , Yao Miao , Ding Wen , Liu Xiaofeng , Zhu Rui
Published: September 2020

To study the influence of tubular shell materials on the combustion of thermite, numerical simulations and experimental comparisons of the combustion efficiencies of thermite with PVC and stainless-steel shell materials were carried out.
Synthesis of siRNAs incorporated with cationic peptides R8G7 and R8A7 and the effect of the modifications on siRNA properties
Authors: Matsubara Miho , Honda Kenji , Ozaki Koki , Kajino Ryohei , Kakisawa Yuri , Maeda Yusuke , Ueno Yoshihito
Published: September 2020

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) can be used as an innovative next-generation drug.
Environmentally friendly Au@CNC hybrid systems as prospective humidity sensors
Authors: Koroleva Maria S. , Tracey Chantal , Sidunets Yuri A. , Torlopov Mikhail A. , Mikhaylov Vasily I. , Krivoshapkin Pavel V. , Martakov Ilia S. , Krivoshapkina Elena F.
Published: September 2020

Cellulose nanocrystals are a “green” support for nanogold. Hybrid films quickly and autonomously respond to changes in humidity and can be used in sensing applications.
Evidence for an enolate mechanism in the asymmetric Michael reaction of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones via a hybrid system of two secondary amine catalysts
Authors: Umekubo Nariyoshi , Terunuma Takahiro , Kwon Eunsang , Hayashi Yujiro
Published: September 2020

The key nucleophile was found to be neither an enamine nor an enol, but an enolate in the direct Michael reaction of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and non-activated ketones catalyzed by two amine catalysts namely diphenylprolinol silyl ether and pyrrolidine.
Unequivocal structure confirmation of a breitfussin analog by anisotropic NMR measurements
Authors: Ndukwe Ikenna E. , Lam Yu-hong , Pandey Sunil K. , Haug Bengt E. , Bayer Annette , Sherer Edward C. , Blinov Kirill A. , Williamson R. Thomas , Isaksson Johan , Reibarkh Mikhail , Liu Yizhou , Martin Gary E.
Published: September 2020

Structural features of proton-deficient heteroaromatic natural products, such as the breitfussins, can severely complicate their characterization by NMR spectroscopy.
Increasing dimethyl ether production from biomass-derived syngasviasorption enhanced dimethyl ether synthesis
Authors: Liuzzi Dalia , Peinado Cristina , Peña Miguel A. , van Kampen Jasper , Boon Jurriaan , Rojas Sergio
Published: September 2020

Sorption Enhanced DME Synthesis (SEDMES) is a feasible approach to increase DME production from CO2-rich syngas.
Keplerate-type polyoxometalate {Mo72Fe30} nanoparticle anodes for high-energy lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Huang Shao-Chu , Lin Chia-Ching , Hsu Chi-Ting , Guo Chun-Han , Chen Tsan-Yao , Liao Yen-Fa , Chen Han-Yi
Published: September 2020

{Mo72Fe30} as an anode for lithium-ion batteries with a capacity of 1250 mA h g−1, 92% retention up to the 100th cycle, an excellent rate performance (868 mA h g−1 at 2 A g−1), and a high energy density of 258 W h kg−1 was studied by in operando measurements.
Synergistic effect of CuInSe2alloying on enhancing the thermoelectric performance of Cu2SnSe3compounds
Authors: Fan Yijing , Wang Guoyu , Zhang Bin , Li Zhe , Wang Guiwen , Zhang Xiao , Huang Yuling , Chen Kansong , Gu Hao-shuang , Lu Xu , Zhou Xiaoyuan
Published: September 2020

Cu2SnSe3based compounds with a diamond-like structure are promising thermoelectric materials.
Nondestructive capture, release, and detection of circulating tumor cells with cystamine-mediated folic acid decorated magnetic nanospheres
Authors: Li Fulai , Wang Minning , Cai Huahuan , He Yaohui , Xu Hengyi , Liu Yan , Zhao Yufen
Published: September 2020

A quick and effective methodology for nondestructive capture, release, and detection of circulating tumor cells with cystamine-mediated folic acid decorated magnetic nanospheres has been reported here, which facilitates downstream proteomics analysis of CTCs.
The crown ether size and stereochemistry affect the self-assembly, hydrogelation, and cellular interactions of crown ether/peptide conjugates
Authors: Saddik Abdelreheem Abdelfatah , Mohammed Mohiuddin , Lin Hsin-Chieh
Published: September 2020

Crown ether ring size affects nanofiber morphology of hydrogels upon conjugation with D- and L-phenylalanine dipeptides. Random nanofibers showed enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation whereas twisted nanofibers displayed weak cell attachments.
Synergy effect of electronic characteristics and spatial configurations of electron donors on photovoltaic performance of organic dyes
Authors: Wang Jinfeng , Liu Siwei , Chang Kai , Liao Qiuyan , Li Sheng , Han Hongwei , Li Qianqian , Li Zhen
Published: September 2020

The dual electron donors with the combination of electron property and spatial configuration were incorporated to improve the photovoltaic performance of organic dyes.
High brightness circularly polarized electroluminescence from conjugated polymer F8BT induced by chiral binaphthyl-pyrene
Authors: Zhang Xueyan , Xu Zhaoran , Zhang Yu , Quan Yiwu , Cheng Yixiang
Published: September 2020

R-/S-3R-/S-3R-/S-3The CP-OLEDs used achiral conjugated fluorescent polymer F8BT, blended with blue-emitting chiral dopants (R-/S-3), as the device emitting layer. High brightness CP-EL from fluorescent polymer F8BT could be induced by chiral enantiomers R-/S-3.
Comparison of Automated Acoustic Methods for Oral Diadochokinesis Assessment in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Novotny Michal , Melechovsky Jan , Rozenstoks Kriss , Tykalova Tereza , Kryze Petr , Kanok Martin , Klempir Jiri , Rusz Jan
Published: September 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this research note is to provide a performance comparison of available algorithms for the automated evaluation of oral diadochokinesis using speech samples from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Method

Four different algorithms based on a wide range of signal processing approaches were tested on a sequential motion rate /pa/-/ta/-/ka/ syllable repetition paradigm collected from 18 patients with ALS and 18 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs).

Results

The best temporal detection of syllable position for a 10-ms tolerance value was achieved for ALS patients using a traditional signal processing approach based on a combination of filtering in the spectrogram, Bayesian detection, and polynomial thresholding with an accuracy rate of 74.4%, and for HCs using a deep learning approach with an accuracy rate of 87.6%. Compared to HCs, a slow diadochokinetic rate (
p
< .001) and diadochokinetic irregularity (
p
< .01) were detected in ALS patients.

Conclusions

The approaches using deep learning or multiple-step combinations of advanced signal processing methods provided a more robust solution to the estimation of oral DDK variables than did simpler approaches based on the rough segmentation of the signal envelope. The automated acoustic assessment of oral diadochokinesis shows excellent potential for monitoring bulbar disease progression in individuals with ALS.
Improving Automatic IPSyn Coding
Authors: MacWhinney Brian , Roberts Jenny A. , Altenberg Evelyn P. , Hunter Madison
Published: September 2020

Purpose

The Computerized Language ANalysis–Index of Productive Syntax (CLAN-IPSyn) system is designed to facilitate automatic computation of the IPSyn measure of productive child syntax. Roberts et al. (2020) conducted a thorough comparison of hand-generated and automatic scores on the Index of Productive Syntax (IPSyn) measure (Scarborough, 1990) and found a high level of error for CLAN-IPSyn. We report on the use of the Roberts et al. analysis to reduce and eliminate errors in CLAN-IPSyn, to improve its accuracy.

Method

Scores provided by manual and machine scoring of the 20 transcripts used in Roberts et al. (2020) were compared. Divergences in point assignment were examined and significant modifications made to the CLAN-IPSyn program to increase its accuracy.

Conclusion

The currently available, free version of CLAN at
https://talkbank.org
is now significantly more correct in terms of exemplars produced, and should assist clinicians and researchers in using the revised IPSyn (Altenberg et al. 2018).
Vocational Stereotyping of People Who Stutter: Human Resource Management Students
Authors: Abou-Dahech Tala , Gabel Rodney
Published: September 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether human resource management (HR) students report negative vocational stereotypes of people who stutter (PWS). Though past research has explored how a variety of population groups perceived career choices for PWS, no studies have explored the perceptions that HR students hold regarding career options for PWS.

Method

An online questionnaire using the Vocational Advice Scale) was completed by 220 students pursuing a degree in HR or related fields at the University of Toledo. The Vocational Advice Scale has been used often to explore career advice and vocational stereotyping of PWS. It consists of 43 career choices ranked by participants from strongly disagree to highly disagree on advice given to an adult male who stutters.

Results

The study found that the participants were less likely to advise an adult male who stutters to pursue 42 of the 43 careers, when compared with advice given for an adult male who does not stutter. Participants reported that the lowest rated careers were judge, speech-language pathologists, and attorney. This finding supports the notion that PWS suffer from role entrapment, in that there appear to be limitations in the types of careers viewed to be appropriate and that careers rated lowest appear to be those that require high levels of communication.

Conclusions

The findings suggest the presence of role entrapment in this group of students. Future research might consider using different research approaches, including qualitative studies, when studying role entrapment by HR students and professionals.
CSI learning based active secure coding scheme for detectable wiretap channel
Authors: Zhao Yizhi
Published: September 2020

In this study, the authors consider the problem of secure and reliable communication with uncertain channel state information (CSI) and present a new solution named active secure coding which combines the machine‐learning methods with the traditional physical‐layer secure coding scheme. First, the authors build a detectable wiretap channel model by combining the hidden Markov model with the compound wiretap channel model, in which the varying of channel block CSI is a Markov process and the detected information is a stochastic emission from the current CSI. Next, the authors present a CSI‐learning scheme to learn the CSI from the detected information by the Baum–Welch and Viterbi algorithms. Then the authors construct explicit secure polar codes based on the learned CSI, and combine it with the CSI‐learning scheme to form the active secure polar coding scheme. Simulation results show that an acceptable level of reliability and security can be achieved by the proposed active secure polar coding scheme.
Improved V‐shaped interior permanent magnet rotor topology with inward‐extended bridges for reduced torque ripple
Authors: Gao Peng , Sun Xibin , Gerada David , Gerada Chris , Wang Xiaoyuan
Published: September 2020

Interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs) with V‐shaped permanent magnet (PM) rotors are widely used as traction motors in electric vehicles because of their high torque density and high efficiency. However, the V‐shape IPMSMs have the disadvantages of inevitable torque ripple due to the non‐sinusoidal air‐gap flux density distribution and the utilisation of the reluctance torque. In this study, with the aim of improving the torque ripple characteristics, a modified V‐shaped IPMSM rotor configuration with bridges extended inwards towards the pole centre is proposed to generate a more sinusoidal air‐gap flux density waveform. The proposed topology, referred to as ‘Type C’ within this study, is compared with baseline rotor configuration references, namely ‘Type A’ which is a conventional V‐shaped PM rotor, as well as ‘Type B’ which is a related configuration with a mechanically non‐uniform air gap. The analysis results show that the rotor ‘Type C’ exhibits significant advantages in terms of reducing cogging torque, torque ripple and radial force, without incurring additional air‐gap friction losses. Finally, a prototype of the IPMSM with the proposed rotor configuration is manufactured and tested, verifying the predicted benefits experimentally.
Effect of winding transposition structure on the distribution of transverse leakage magnetic field
Authors: Zhao Yi , Chen Weijiang , Jin Mingkai , Wen Tao , Zhang Qiaogen , Xue Jiyin
Published: September 2020

Winding transposition structures are commonly built into transformers to suppress winding circulation and minimize loss. They alter the distribution of the transverse leakage magnetic field and electromagnetic force. Researchers have not yet considered the winding transposition structures when investigating the transverse leakage magnetic field distribution. The relative position of conductors in a transposition structure is analyzed in this paper, and a scale model experiment is conducted to verify the effect of the structure. In the meantime, a finite element method model which includes the winding transposition structure of the scale models is established and verified by comparison with experimental observations. Then, the distribution of the transverse leakage magnetic field and the axial electromagnetic force of the 110 kV transformer under rated tapping are obtained. The transverse leakage magnetic field and axial electromagnetic force in the low‐voltage winding are affected by the transposition structure, while the high‐voltage winding is not affected. Compared with models without transposition structure, the amplitude of the axial electromagnetic force linear density of the 40th winding disk under rated tapping increases from a value close to zero to 25 N/m. The transposition structure needs to be considered when calculating the electromagnetic force and winding mechanical characteristics.
Seamless mode‐switching control for electric spring with capacitor DC bank
Authors: Yuan Chang , Feng Jiayao , Qiu Junqing , Chen Lu , Dai Dumeng , Qu Haitao , Cao Junzheng
Published: September 2020

Electric spring (ES) has been proposed to suppress the fluctuations of critical load voltage under the condition of the increasing proportion of renewable energy in the power grid, but existing popular control methods have not fully released its application potential. Therefore, a novel control strategy that enables it to operate in the entire scope is proposed in this study, which differs from the conventional methods since the fully known of all system parameters is not indispensable. Furthermore, a seamless operating mode switching method is discussed, which is important for practical application. In the end, the simulation results in PSCAD/EMTDC verify that the ES can operate stably in various regions, and can seamlessly switch between capacitive and inductive modes.
Optimal placement of protective devices and switches in a radial distribution system with distributed generation
Authors: Alam Afroz , Pant Vinay , Das Biswarup
Published: September 2020

Optimal placement of protective devices and switches in the distribution system improves the system reliability at the cost of increased investment. In this study, a new bi‐directional analytical model has been developed to solve the problem of optimal placement of protective devices and switches in various zones of a distribution system with distributed generation (DG). The model determines the optimal number and locations of reclosers, switches, ‘fuse‐save fuses’ and ‘fuse‐blow fuses’ for increasing the system reliability while reducing the investment and outage costs, considering system data uncertainties. For considering uncertainties in load data, failure rates (temporary and permanent) and repair rates, the model utilises three‐point estimate method. The formulated problem has been solved for 69‐bus distribution system and radial distribution system connected to bus 4 of the reliability busbar test system, using genetic algorithm optimisation technique. After analysing the test results, it is concluded that considerable profit to the utility is achieved by optimal placement of protective devices and switches in various zones of the distribution system with DG units.
Event‐triggered load frequency control for multi‐area power systems based on Markov model: a global sliding mode control approach
Authors: Lv Xinxin , Sun Yonghui , Cao Shiqi , Dinavahi Venkata
Published: September 2020

In this study, a new method is put forward for the stability and stabilisation analysis of the event‐triggered load frequency control (LFC) with interval time‐varying delays, considering the global sliding mode controller. To lighten the network bandwidth and save more limited networked resources, the event‐triggered scheme is optimised through quantum genetic algorithm, according to different circumstances. Additionally, global sliding mode control (GSMC) scheme is proposed to provide stronger robustness performance, which against the frequency deviation caused by power unbalance or transmission time delays better. Based on the proposed schemes, multi‐area LFC for the power system model is formulated as a Markov jump linear system model, considering transmission time delays and external disturbances. By applying improved Lyapunov stability theory, criteria about the stability and stabilisation conditions for multi‐area power system can be deduced in terms of linear matrix inequality. Finally, to validate a more realistic LFC application, the proposed event‐triggered GSMC is also deployed on Kundur's two‐area test system. Simulation studies are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the developed schemes.
Modified tangent vector‐based voltage stability constrained optimal power flow considering limit‐induced bifurcation
Authors: Omi Shota , Shirai Yasuyuki
Published: September 2020

A modified tangent vector (TV)‐based voltage stability constrained optimal power flow method is proposed. The proposed method determines an optimal stable equilibrium point (SEP) satisfying the required voltage stability margin (VSM) considering limit‐induced bifurcation (LIB). LIB, which occurs when a generator reaches a reactive power limit during load increasing, may cause an optimistic overestimation of voltage stability and inadequate operation. The key of the proposed method is to use approximated TV for considering LIB as a voltage stability constraint to ensure that the solution becomes an SEP and to avoid inappropriate operation caused by LIB. The validity of the approximation is evaluated analytically and numerically in this study. The threshold for the approximated TV is updated based on the continuation power flow calculation result to satisfy the required VSM. The proposed method was implemented on MATPOWER, and evaluated with a 2‐machine 4‐bus system and an IEEJ standard WEST10‐O/V system. The results show that the proposed method can determine the optimal SEP satisfying the required VSM even if LIB occurs.
Load forecasting based on deep neural network and historical data augmentation
Authors: Lai Chun Sing , Mo Zhenyao , Wang Ting , Yuan Haoliang , Ng Wing W.Y. , Lai Loi Lei
Published: September 2020

Load forecasting is a complex non‐linear problem with high volatility and uncertainty. This study presents a novel load forecasting method known as deep neural network and historical data augmentation (DNN–HDA). The method utilises HDA to enhance regression by DNN for monthly load forecasting, considering that the historical data to have a high correlation with the corresponding predicted data. To make the best use of the historical data, one year's historical data is combined with the basic features to construct the input vector for a predicted load. In this way, if there is C years' historical data, one predicted load can have C input vectors to create the same number of samples. DNN–HDA increases the number of training samples and enhances the generalisation of the model to reduce the forecasting error. The proposed method is tested on daily peak loads from 2006 to 2015 of Austria, Czech and Italy. Comparisons are made between the proposed method and several state‐of‐the‐art models. DNN–HDA outperforms DNN by 44%, 38% and 63% on the three data sets, respectively.
Risk‐based approach for power transformer replacement considering temperature, apparent age, and expected capacity
Authors: Vasquez Wilson A. , Jayaweera Dilan
Published: September 2020

Due to the limited availability of end‐of‐life failure data of power transformers by electric utilities, planning the replacement of power transformers is a challenging task for utility engineers. Transformers can be replaced based on their health indices, but they do not allow utility engineers to quantify risks posed by transformer failures. In that context, the study proposes a novel risk‐based approach to plan the replacement of aged power transformers considering their temperature, apparent age, and expected capacity. The approach comprises a methodology that incorporates power transformers' winding hottest‐spot temperature and apparent age into the conventional end‐of‐life failure model, a methodology that calculates the expected capacity of power transformers, a novel transformer ranking index, and a methodology that calculates the optimum year of replacement. Subtransmission and distribution substations were included in the IEEE Reliability Test System to evaluate the performance of the approach. The results show that incorporating the winding hottest‐spot temperature and the apparent age into the end‐of‐life failure model can make a significant improvement on transformer replacement decisions in the event of limited availability of failure data. Results further suggest that end‐of‐life failures of fans and oil pumps can have an impact on the prioritisation of transformer replacement.
Online electricity theft detection and prevention scheme for smart cities
Authors: Ballal Makarand Sudhakar , Suryawanshi Hiralal , Mishra Mahesh Kumar , Jaiswal Gajanan
Published: September 2020

Electricity theft is a notable aspect of power distribution utilities due to advance in the non‐technical loss. It results imbalance between power supply and demand. It consequence overload of the distribution network and extraneous tariff invoke on legally connected consumers. The advance metering infrastructure is useful for an energy audit of every distribution transformer due to a communication facility. However, direct hooking on distribution overhead line or tapping from underground cables remains an interminable issue which has to be rigorously decimated. The objective of this study is to present real‐time electricity theft detection and prevention scheme (ETDPS) with the available infrastructure in the field. The proposed ETDPS is based on programmable logic control; it identifies the pilferage locations and estimates the power stolen by illegal consumers. The prototype is tested in the laboratory and the results demonstrate that the ETDPS works satisfactorily under diversified operating conditions. The proposed scheme is implemented as a part of their Smart City Pilot Project by Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited, Nagpur (India) and the performance demonstrates its feasibility.
Periodicity of quasar and galaxy redshift
Authors: Mal Arindam , Palit Sarbani , Bhattacharya Ujjwal , Roy Sisir
Published: September 2020

Context. An approach for studying the large-scale structure of the Universe lies in the detection and analysis of periodicity of redshift values of extragalactic objects, galaxies, and quasi stellar objects (QSO), in particular. Moreover, the hypothesis of the existence of multiple periodicities in the redshift distributions deserves exploration. The task is compounded by the presence of confounding effects and measurement noise.

Aims. Studies of periodicity detection in redshift values of extragalactic objects obtained from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) have been conducted in the past, largely based on the Fourier transform. The present study aims to revisit the same thing using the singular value decomposition (SVD) as the primary tool.

Methods. Periodicity detection and the determination of the fundamental period have been performed using a standard spectral approach as well as a SVD-based approach for a variety of simulated datasets. The analysis of the quasar redshift data from DR12 and galaxy redshift dataset of DR10 from SDSS data has been carried out.

Results. A wide range of periodicities are observed in different redshift ranges of the quasar datasets. For redshifts greater than 0.03, a period length of 0.2094 was determined while periodicities of 0.1210 and 0.0654 were obtained for redshift ranges (0.03, 1) and (3, 4), respectively. Twin periodicities of 0.1153 and 0.0807 were obtained for the redshift range (1, 3). Determining the ranges to be examined has been done based on histogram computation; the binwidths of which have been obtained by employing a kernel density estimation. The redshift sequence for the galaxy samples exhibits a somewhat different nature, but still contains periodic components. Twin periodicities of 0.0056 and 0.0079 were observed for a redshift range greater than 0.03.

Conclusions. Galaxy and quasar redshift values form sequences, which are not only discrete in amplitude but also contain periodic components. The superiority of the singular value decomposition method over the spectral estimation approach, in redshift periodicity analysis especially from the point of view of robustness, is demonstrated through simulations. The existence of periodicity for quasar and galaxy families is thus firmly established, lending further support to the Hoyle-Narlikar variable mass theory.
The chemodynamics of prograde and retrograde Milky Way stars
Authors: Kordopatis Georges , Recio-Blanco Alejandra , Schultheis Mathias , Hill Vanessa
Published: September 2020

Context. The accretion history of the Milky Way is still unknown, despite the recent discovery of stellar systems that stand out in terms of their energy-angular momentum space, such as Gaia-Enceladus-Sausage. In particular, it is still unclear how these groups are linked and to what extent they are well-mixed.

Aims. We investigate the similarities and differences in the properties between the prograde and retrograde (counter-rotating) stars and set those results in context by using the properties of Gaia-Enceladus-Sausage, Thamnos/Sequoia, and other suggested accreted populations.

Methods. We used the stellar metallicities of the major large spectroscopic surveys (APOGEE, Gaia-ESO, GALAH, LAMOST, RAVE, SEGUE) in combination with astrometric and photometric data from Gaia’s second data-release. We investigated the presence of radial and vertical metallicity gradients as well as the possible correlations between the azimuthal velocity, vϕ, and metallicity, [M/H], as qualitative indicators of the presence of mixed populations.

Results. We find that a handful of super metal-rich stars exist on retrograde orbits at various distances from the Galactic center and the Galactic plane. We also find that the counter-rotating stars appear to be a well-mixed population, exhibiting radial and vertical metallicity gradients on the order of ∼ − 0.04 dex kpc−1 and −0.06 dex kpc−1, respectively, with little (if any) variation when different regions of the Galaxy are probed. The prograde stars show a vϕ − [M/H] relation that flattens – and, perhaps, even reverses as a function of distance from the plane. Retrograde samples selected to roughly probe Thamnos and Gaia-Enceladus-Sausage appear to be different populations yet they also appear to be quite linked, as they follow the same trend in terms of the eccentricity versus metallicity space.
Rotational spectral modulation of cloudless atmospheres for L/T brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets
Authors: Tremblin P. , Phillips M. W. , Emery A. , Baraffe I. , Lew B. W. P. , Apai D. , Biller B. A. , Bonnefoy M.
Published: September 2020

Aims. The rotational spectral modulation (spectro-photometric variability) of brown dwarfs is usually interpreted as a sign indicating the presence of inhomogeneous cloud covers in the atmosphere. This paper is aimed at exploring the role of temperature fluctuations in these spectral modulations. These fluctuations could naturally arise in a convective atmosphere impacted by such diabatic processes as complex chemistry, namely, a mechanism recently proposed to explain the L/T transition: CO/CH4 radiative convection.

Methods. After exploring the observed spectral-flux ratios between different objects along the cooling sequence, we used the 1D radiative-convective code ATMO, with ad hoc modifications of the temperature gradient, to model the rotational spectral modulation of 2MASS 1821, 2MASS 0136, and PSO 318.5-22. We also explored the impact of CH4 abundance fluctuations on the spectral modulation of 2MASS 0136.

Results. The spectral-flux ratio of different objects along the cooling sequence and the rotational spectral modulation within individual objects at the L/T transition have similar characteristics. This strongly suggests that the main parameter varying along the cooling sequence, namely, temperature, might play a key role in the rotational spectral modulations at the L/T transition. Modeling the spectral bright-to-faint ratio of the modulation of 2MASS 1821, 2MASS 0136, and PSO 318.5-22 shows that most spectral characteristics can be reproduced by temperature variations alone. Furthermore, the approximately anti-correlated variability between different wavelengths can be easily interpreted as a change in the temperature gradient in the atmosphere, which is a consequence we expect from CO/CH4 radiative convection as an explanation of the L/T transition. The deviation from an exact anti-correlation could then be interpreted as a phase shift similar to the hot-spot shift at different bandpasses in the atmospheres of hot Jupiters.

Conclusions. Our results suggest that the rotational spectral modulation from cloud opacity and temperature variations are degenerate. If the nearly anti-correlated signal between different wavelengths is, indeed, a strong sign of a change in the temperature gradient, the detection of direct cloud spectral signatures, for instance, the silicate absorption feature at 10 μm, would help to confirm the presence of clouds and their contribution to spectral modulations (which does not exclude temperature variations or other mechanisms that may also be at play). Future studies considering the differences in the spectral modulation of objects with and without the silicate absorption feature may give us some insight into how to distinguish cloud-opacity fluctuations from temperature fluctuations.
Using the ITS2 transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA to identify species of the genus Nitraria
Authors: Banaev Evgeny V. , Poliakova Tatiana A. , Tomoshevich Mariya A. , Ak-Lama Taigana
Published: September 2020

Intragenomic polymorphism of ITS2 of nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences was analysed in 30 samples belonging to Nitraria schoberi, N. sibirica. The nucleotide variability of the ITS2 region was detected in the studied Nitraria species as single-nucleotide substitutions (mainly transitions) and single-nucleotide deletion. Five ribotypes of Nitraria were identified in Russia, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan. These ribotypes formed two haplogroups that belong to the species N. schoberi and N. sibirica, respectively. The high importance of the discriminatory role of the ITS2 spacer in identifying species of the genus Nitraria is confirmed.
Blue honeysuckle introduction and breeding in the Central Siberian Botanical Garden (Novosibirsk, Russia)
Authors: Boyarskikh Irina G.
Published: September 2020

The use of the blue honeysuckle Lonicera caerulea subsp. altaica (Caprifoliaceae) for breeding resulted in the novel forms exceeding the parent ones in early maturity, fruit mass, biologically active compounds content and the crown shape allowing the mechanized harvesting.
In Vitro Rhizogenesis of The Lavandula angustifolia Cultivars
Authors: Bulavin Iliya , Brailko Valentina , Zhdanova Irina
Published: September 2020

In production, shoot cuttings of lavender are most often used for vegetative propagation, however, this method does not promote high propagation rate. The most effective method is propagation by axillary or terminal buds that requires further plant rooting in vitro. Due to, objective of our work was analysis of lavender in vitro rhizogenesis. Investigation was performed on Lavandula angustifolia cultivars with different concentration of the growth regulators in medium. After18 Day, Only 1 mg/l NAA did not stimulate rhizogenesis for ‘Record’ and ‘Sineva’ cultivars. Root primordia formed from the cambium cells. Further root growth accompanied by cleavage of the core tissues and they appeared on the shoot surface. Morphologically, a root cap, meristem, elongation zone and zone with root hairs were identified in de novo formed root in vitro. Along with normally roots, the appearance of roots accreted along their periphery with free apexes and roots with the decreased meristem was also noted. For ‘Prima’ cultivar, highest values of the mitotic index were observed on the hormone-free half-strength MS medium and on ½MS medium with 1.0 mg/l NAA. Thus, our data showed that root morphogenesis for lavender cultivars depended on the plant material and culture medium.
Potential for using ornamental bushes for greening the city of Novosibirsk: in case of the genus Syringa L.
Authors: Gizhitskaya Svetlana A. , Lyakh Elena M.
Published: September 2020

Species composition, quantity participation and spreading of ornamental bushes in current system of Novosibirsk green areas are determined. Upper zone (“Verkhnyaya zona”) of Academgorodok is not taken into research as far as it is a cultural heritage site and a significant site of landscape architecture of the 20th century. Special attention is given to participation of lilac species and cultivars (Syringa vulgaris L., Syringa amurensis Rupr., Syringa josikaea J. Jacq. ex Rchb.). It is pointed out that 62 species of bushes are used in the city, including 3 species of lilac, however their quantity participation is not enough and does not satisfy regulatory limits. Twenty six cultivars from the collection Syringa vulgaris L. of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS are recommended additionally. Three cultivars, ‘Nadezhda’, ‘Pamyat’ o S. M. Kirove’ and ‘Olimpiada Kolesnikova’, successfully tested in urban environment are highly recommended. Besides, it is recommended to use wider Syringa amurensis Rupr., and to introduce late-flowering Preston hybrids (Syringa x prestoniae Mc. Kelvey (S. reflexa x S. villosa)), curretly absent in green urban areas, in urban greening in Siberia.
HPLC analysis of phenolic compounds in leaves and inflorescences of Sorbaria pallasii
Authors: Kostikova Vera A. , Veklich Tatiana N.
Published: September 2020

At least 22 phenolic compounds were identified in aqueous-ethanol extracts from Sorbaria pallasii (G. Don fil.) Pojark. leaves and at least 28 in its inflorescences by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Two acids (chlorogenic and p-hydroxybenzoic) and five flavonols (hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, kaempferol, and astragalin) were identified among them. Flavonoid aglycones were obtained from the leaves and inflorescences by hydrochloric-acid hydrolysis of the aqueous-ethanol extracts (1:1). Three flavonol aglycones (quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin) were identified in the extract hydrolysates from S. pallasii above-ground organs through chromatographic analysis. Additionally, a flavone aglycone (luteolin) was found in the extract hydrolysates from the leaves. Kaempferol glycosides are predominant phenolic compounds in S. pallasii inflorescences, and quercetin glycosides in its leaves.
Genus Allium in CSBG Digital Herbarium
Authors: Kovtonyuk Nataliya , Han Irina , Gatilova Evgeniya , Friesen Nikolai
Published: September 2020

Two herbarium collections (NS and NSK) of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS keep about 740,000 specimens of vascular plants, collected in Siberia, Russian Far East, Europe, Asia and North America. Genus Allium s. lat. Is presented by 6224 herbarium sheets, all of them were scanned using international standards: at a resolution of 600 dpi, the barcode for each specimen, 24-color scale and scale bar. Images and metadata are stored at the CSBG SB RAS Digital Herbarium, generated by ScanWizard Botany and MiVapp Botany software (Microtek, Taiwan). Datasets were published via IPT at the Global Biodiversity Information Facility portal (gbif.org). In total 207 species of the genus Allium are placed in the CSBS Digital Herbarium, which includes representatives from 13 subgenera and 49 sections of the genus. 35 type specimens of 18 species and subspecies of the genus Allium are hosted in CSBG Herbarium collections.
Typological diversity and ecological features of the middle taiga forests of Central Siberia
Authors: Krivobokov Leonid , Zverev Andrej , Mukhortova Liudmila , Sergeeva Oksana , Rosbakh Sergej
Published: September 2020

The main types of forest plant communities in the southern part of the Central Siberian Plateau (the lower reaches of the Podkamennaya Tunguska River Basin) were separated. Basic ecological gradients crucial for formation and functioning of these types of plant communities were identified using the methods of ordination.
Primary plant succession on freshly degraded yedoma (ice complex) in Lena delta (Eastern Siberia)
Authors: Laschinskiy Nikolay , Faguet Alexey , Biasi Christina
Published: September 2020

Primary plant succession was studied on freshly eroded yedoma in the southern part of Lena River Delta. Four stages of vegetation development were clearly distinguished. The first stage starts on bare ground and lasts from two-three months to one year. Its vegetation is represented only by fragmented cover of young mosses and a few seedlings of vascular plants. The most abundant moss species at this moment is Ceratodon purpureus. The second stage lasts from one to three years depending on slope steepness. Plants cover 20 to 60% of the soil surface. Main dominants are Descurainia sophioides and Tephroseris palustris. The third stage of succession presented by closed species-poor grasslands with Arctagrostis arundinacea as main dominant. This stage lasts for up to 20 years. The fourth stage is represented by species-rich herbaceous communities, which also have Arctagrostis arundinacea as main dominant but enriched with many perennial herbs. There is not enough data to determine the duration of this stage but it is at least few tens of years. This successional system requires a long time for its development. It means that IC degradation is not a recent process but accompanied yedoma deposits through all of its history.
Agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch. Ex Link) Bunge as a source of valuable secondary metabolites
Authors: Novikova Tatyana , Ambros Elena , Zheleznichenko Tatyana , Zaytseva Yulianna , Oyunbileg Yungeree
Published: September 2020

In this study the results of agrobacterial transformation of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch. Ex Link) Bunge, a medicinal plant from Mongolia and China with a wide spectrum of pharmacological action were presented. As explants for transformation, in vitro derived microshoots as well as hypocotyls, cotyledons and primary shoots isolated from seedlings were used. The most effective from two tested Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains (A4-RT, 15834 SWISS) was 15834 SWISS, causing the transformation of various types of explants, including primary shoots as a more responsive type. The optimal co-cultivation time of explants with bacterial suspension (48 hours) and the highest transformation rate of primary shoots (36.4%) were established. PCR analysis confirmed the transgenic nature of the roots transformed with strain 15834 SWISS and the absence of bacterial contamination.
Seasonal antimicrobial activity of the volatile exometabolites of some tropical lianas during introduction
Authors: Savitsky Evgeny , Fershalova Tatyana , Tsybulya Natalya
Published: September 2020

The dynamics of the seasonal activity of exometabolites was studied for the lianas from the families: Araceae — Epipremnum aureum G.S. Bunting, Monstera deliciosa Liebm. var. borsigiana h Araliaceae — Hedera helix L. and Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms. The antimicrobial activity of intact plants was evaluated by treating inoculated microbial test cultures Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. in Petri dished with the volatile emissions of plants. Antimicrobial action was measured in comparison with the reference using the scale of phytoncide activity. The species and seasonal specificity of antimicrobial activity of exometabolites of intact plant leaves was revealed. All the studied plants exhibited moderate seasonal activity against S. epidermidis. Long-term seasonal activity was detected for S. octophylla. Pronounced activity against E. coli was detected in the species H. helix, M. deliciosa var. borsigiana and S. octophylla, while antifungal action was detected in the species E. aureum and S. octophylla. Substantial antifungal and antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis was observed during intense growth during summer and in the autumn-winter period. These experimental data provide evidence of species-specific antimicrobial activity during different periods of seasonal development of plants against the test objects.
Economic and biological evaluation hybrids of Prunus cerasifera Ehrem. var. pissardii Bail. in conditions of the Southern Urals
Authors: Slepneva Tatyana , Makarenko Sergey
Published: September 2020

Given is the analysis of the basic economic and useful features of 9 genotypes F2 by hybrids of russian cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera var. pissardii) in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the southern Urals. On the research period during, three selection forms: ‘Alma’, G 7-116, 9266 had a degree of freezing to 1.8 mark, the others no more than 1.0 mark. During the winter period of 2017/18, the death of generative buds by all genotypes was from 2.5 to 3.0 marks (25-50 %), which negatively affected to crop capacity. According to the results of research identified were four genotypes with weak growth of tree, which the height varies from 2.8 m (P 3-92) to 3.0 m (‘Duduka’). The group of medium-sized plants got five hybrid forms, where the highest plant height (4.5 m) was found by the genotype 9-266 – 4.5 m. The volume of the crown of the following forms varies from 4.2 m3 (P 3-92) to 17.8 m3 (9-266). Two genotypes have been identified for use in selection on a complex of attributes (large-fruiting, taste characteristics, crop capacity): ‘Duduka’, G 7-116. For the study of production was selected the sampling of the sort G 7-116.
Convallaria majalis L. s.l. (Asparagaceae Juss.) in Baikal Siberia
Authors: Verkhozina Alla , Kulakova Nina , Krivenko Denis , Murashko Vladislav
Published: September 2020

An interspecies diversity is a principal question for understanding of variability, geographical distribution and evolutionary history of the genus Convallaria. Considering the C. majalis s.str. and C. keiskei as the Eurasian species with overlapping morphological features there are scarce data on their genetic variability. The molecular genetic analysis of nuclear ITS1-2 marker, chloroplast gene fragments trnL-trnF and maturase K was used to study genetic structure of 112 Convallaria specimens collected throughout Eurasia. The maturase K gene based results were shown to be the most efficient to resolve genetic structure of studied species. Three main haplotypes namely ancestral East Asian, South European-Caucasian and North European were dominant across geographical ranges of species C. keiskei, C. transcaucasica and C. majalis, respectively. Moreover, three minor haplotypes Khankai, Korean, and Manchurian were identified from nucleotide analysis. All three main haplotypes of Convallaria were found In Baikal Siberia. The proposed approach was sufficient to resolve an origin and genetic relations of local populations of Convallaria in the Irkutsk Region. Detected low level of genetic differences in analyzed species allows considering the single species C. majalis in Eurasia.
Analyses of morphobiochemical characteristics of the Iris genus within the conditions of the Kuzbass botanic garden
Authors: Vronskaya Oxana , Tsandekova Oxana
Published: September 2020

The results of study of adaptation potential of plants of the Iris genus of Iridaceae within the conditions of the Kuzbass botanic garden are represented in the article. It was made the evaluation of Morphobiologic characteristics of irises, the terms of flowering was determined together with duration and productivity of flowering, different capacity to fructification was marked, and the sums of positive temperatures need to such phonological phases of development, as growth, flower-bud formation, flowering and fructification were determined. The overall estimate over the complex of decorative signs showed that they are original and stable in the local conditions and may be recommended for commercial floriculture and greening within the conditions of Kemerovo region.Studied an indicating role of phenol compounds, peroxidases, ascorbic acid in Iris leaves during seasonal development. Analyses of studies revealed that the level of biochemical values in the leaves of decorative perennials growing on the territory of the Kuzbass botanic garden depended from species peculiarities and vegetation period of plants. Within the period of vegetation the most accumulation of ascorbic acid was revealed. The studied figures may be used as an informative parameter for the plants state evaluation for further phytoindication and introduction.