bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HDAC11: a multifaceted histone deacetylase with proficient fatty deacylase activity and its roles in physiological processes
Authors: Núñez‐Álvarez Yaiza , Suelves Mònica
Published: April 2021

The histone deacetylases (HDACs) family of enzymes possess deacylase activity for histone and nonhistone proteins; HDAC11 is the latest discovered HDAC and the only member of class IV. Besides its shared HDAC family catalytical activity, recent studies underline HDAC11 as a multifaceted enzyme with a very efficient long‐chain fatty acid deacylase activity, which has open a whole new field of action for this protein. Here, we summarize the importance of HDAC11 in a vast array of cellular pathways, which has been recently highlighted by discoveries about its subcellular localization, biochemical features, and its regulation by microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, as well as its new targets and interactors. Additionally, we discuss the recent work showing the consequences of HDAC11 dysregulation in brain, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue, and during regeneration in response to kidney, skeletal muscle, and vascular injuries, underscoring HDAC11 as an emerging hub protein with physiological functions that are much more extensive than previously thought, and with important implications in human diseases.
Functional difficulties mediate the association between exposure to adverse childhood experiences and headaches among children: Findings from a population‐based study
Authors: Baiden Philip , Tarbet Zachary , Chakravarty Sreyashi , LaBrenz Catherine A. , Okumu Moses
Published: April 2021

Background

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are commonly observed in the general population and often have lasting neurological and physiological effects. Previous studies have found links between exposure to ACEs, headaches, and functional difficulties in adults. However, little is known about the mechanisms through which exposure to ACEs is associated with headaches among children.

Objective

To examine the association between exposure to ACEs and headaches in children, and whether functional difficulties mediate this association.

Methods

Data for this cross‐sectional secondary analysis study came from the 2017–2018 National Survey of Children's Health. The sample analyzed in this study was 40,953 children who were between ages 3 and 17 years. We adjusted for the complexity of the sampling design and used structural equation modeling to examine the mediating effect of functional difficulties in the association between exposure to ACEs and headaches.

Results

Based on parent reports, we found that 4.1% (1697/40,953) of the children reported frequent or severe headaches, and 9.5% (3906/40,953) were exposed to three or more ACEs. About one in four children (23.4%; 9601/40,953) had at least one functional difficulty. The results show that exposure to ACEs was directly positively associated with functional difficulties (β = 0.16, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 0.15–0.17), and functional difficulties were in turn positively associated with headaches (β = 0.17, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 0.12–0.22). The Sobel test of indirect effect showed that functional difficulties partially mediated the association between exposure to ACEs and headaches (β = 0.027, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 0.022–0.029). Also, older children and children with brain injury were more likely to report experiencing headaches.

Conclusions

The findings from this study suggest an association between exposure to ACEs and headaches among children, and functional difficulties partially mediate this association.
Thermal evaluation of the use of porous ceramic plates on ventilated façades—part II: Thermal behavior
Authors: Pizzatto Sara M. dos S. , Pizzatto Fernando Otavio , Angioletto Elidio , Arcaro Sabrina , Junca Eduardo , Klegues Montedo Oscar R.
Published: April 2021

The effects of porous ceramic plates on the thermal behavior of ventilated façades were evaluated, and the results are presented herein. Thermal behavior in a ventilated façade of specimens containing 40 wt% of lime mud and a firing temperature of 1100°C was evaluated and compared with a commercial porcelain ceramic tile, which was the reference material. An experimental apparatus was designed to evaluate the thermal performance of the studied ventilated façades. The results revealed that the ventilated façade composed of the studied porous ceramic tiles produced a greater reduction in temperature between the external environmental and the interior of a box representing a building (ΔT5) of 65.7°C, compared with the façade composed of the commercial porcelain ceramic tiles (ΔT5 = 56.0°C) and even the traditional façade (ΔT5 = 49.1°C). Thus, porous ceramic tiles based on byproducts are promising candidates for ventilated façade systems.
Exploring the accountability and organizational identity of public philanthropic foundations
Authors: Williamson Alexandra , Luke Belinda
Published: April 2021

This paper explores accountability and identity in the context of public philanthropic foundations. While public foundations are an important and diverse group, their identity and accountability have been assumed rather than systematically considered and explored. The development of a typology of public foundations drawing on concepts from identity, accountability and stakeholder theories highlights variations across three key dimensions: strategic focus, independence and impact focus. This review informs debate on accountability in public philanthropic foundations in both Australia and internationally. Exploring internal identity‐based drivers of accountability reveals significant variations in accountability regarding stakeholder salience (accountability to whom), how public foundations invest their corpus and whether they identify as being engaged with a geographic or cause‐based community (accountability for what). The contribution made by this paper consists of the extension and clarification of conceptual understandings of the ways in which a philanthropic organization's identity influences its behaviours. The role of organizational identity in understanding accountability of philanthropic foundations facilitates deeper engagement with issues and questions of accountability in these proverbially opaque organizations.
Femtosecond laser‐induced birefringent microdomains in sodium‐borate glass for highly secure data storage
Authors: Fedotov Sergey , Lipatiev Alexey , Lipateva Tatiana , Lotarev Sergey , Mel’nikov Elisey , Sigaev Vladimir
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the inscription of polarization‐sensitive birefringent structures of two types by femtosecond laser pulses is described. Depending on the laser beam parameters, the orientation of the slow axis of birefringent structures can be either parallel or perpendicular to the polarization of the laser beam. The dependence of retardance and slow axis of birefringence on laser exposure parameters is revealed. The thermal stability of both types of structures is examined. The possibility of highly secure data storage based on the different thermal behavior of the laser‐modified region is demonstrated.
Freeze‐cast honeycomb structures via gravity‐enhanced convection
Authors: Arai Noriaki , Faber Katherine T.
Published: April 2021

The effect of gravity on directional solidification was investigated in solution‐based freeze casting. A preceramic siloxane‐based polymer was freeze‐cast with a cyclohexene solvent from two different directions: that against the direction of the gravitational force and that in concert with the gravitational force. Because the density of preceramic polymer is higher than the solvent, the segregated polymer creates a denser solution ahead of the freezing front than the underlying solution when the freezing direction is the same as the gravity direction. This results in convective flow in the liquid phase. This convective flow influences constitutional supercooling, which changes not only the pore size of freeze‐cast structure but also the pore morphology from dendritic to cellular pores.
White matter hyperintensities and cognition across different Alzheimer's biomarker profiles
Authors: Lam Sharon , Lipton Richard B. , Harvey Danielle J. , Zammit Andrea R. , Ezzati Ali ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2021

Background/Objectives

To examine the association between white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and cognitive domains such as memory and executive function (EF) across different clinical and biomarker categories of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.

Participants

A total of 216 cognitively normal (CN) participants and 407 participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) at baseline.

Measurements

Based on the 2018 research framework, participants were classified using AT(N) (amyloid‐β deposition [A], pathologic tau [T], and neurodegeneration [(N)]) biomarkers into one of three categories: biomarker negative [A − T− (N)−], amyloid negative but other biomarker positive [A − T ± (N)+ or A – T + (N)±] or amyloid positive [A + T ± (N)±]. Linear regression models were then used to examine the association between WMH and memory composite scores and EF composite scores.

Results

Higher WMH burden was associated with worse EF in both CN and MCI subgroups while a significant association between WMH and memory was only found in the MCI subgroup. Furthermore, WMH was associated with EF in the group with A − T ± (N)+ or A – T + (N)± biomarker category, but not for A − T − (N)− (normal biomarker) and A + T ± (N) ± (AD pathology). The association between higher WMH and worse memory was independent of amyloid levels in individuals with MCI with evidence of AD pathology.

Conclusion

Vascular disease, as indexed by WMH, independent of AD pathology affects cognitive function in both CN and MCI subgroups. Future studies using the AT(N) research framework should consider white matter lesions as a key biomarker contributing to the clinical presentation of AD.
Currency Wars? Unconventional Monetary Policy Does Not Stimulate Exports
Authors: ROSE ANDREW K.
Published: April 2021

I investigate whether countries that use unconventional monetary policy (UMP) experience export booms. I use a popular gravity model of trade which requires neither the exogeneity of UMP, nor instrumental variables for UMP. In practice, countries that engage in UMP experience a drop in exports vis‐à‐vis countries that are not engaged in such policies, holding other things constant. Quantitative easing is associated with exports that are about 10% lower to countries not engaged in UMP; this amount is significantly different from zero and similar to the effect of negative nominal interest rates. Thus, there is no evidence that countries have gained export markets through UMP; currency wars that have been launched have also been lost. UMP is also associated with a comparable drop in imports and exchange rates, suggesting that countries engage in UMP when they are experiencing adverse macroeconomic shocks concurrent with those that eviscerate international trade.
Introduction to the Point‐Counterpoint: The Corporate Objective as a Contingency
Authors: Doh Jonathan
Published: April 2021

In this introduction to the Point‐Counterpoint on the corporate objective, I briefly review and reflect on three views of the corporate objective presented in the exchange. I argue that each perspective – the shareholder value model, the stakeholder management perspective, and the strategic corporate governance framework – has merit in its own right, but that their relevance is contingent on the theoretical and practical contexts in which they are applied, assessed and evaluated. From a theoretical perspective, the choice of which model best fits depends upon whether one is looking through a normative, instrumental, or descriptive lens. From a practical vantage, the relevance and applicability of each of these corporate objectives iscontingenton the national institutional context as well as the individual corporation’s relevant sector and industry, its strategy, and its leaders’ vision. In fact, there is no one corporate objective; rather the objective is variable based on a range of conceptual lenses and contextual factors and influences.
Automated extraction of structural beam lines and connections from point clouds of steel buildings
Authors: Smith Alan , Sarlo Rodrigo
Published: April 2021

This paper presents an alternative to segmentation of point clouds tailored specifically to large‐scale steel buildings. Typical segmentation approaches process the 3D point data directly and focus on large blocky structures such as concrete; these are not generalizable to smaller, more complex geometries found in steel elements. The method takes advantage of image processing techniques by utilizing 2D “slices” of the point cloud, rather than the original 3D point cloud. Centroids of targeted structural cross sections are extracted from these slices using 2D convolution as a template‐matching operation, and then projected back to 3D. From this, member centroidal axes are extracted using a custom linear region growing algorithm to create a 1D beam line model, including connections. Experimental results from scans of four prefabricated steel buildings indicate that the method is robust to variations in framing systems, clutter (e.g., obstructions, nonstructural elements), and point cloud sparsity.
The Lyme disease spirochete can hijack the host immune system for extravasation from the microvasculature
Authors: Tan Xi , Petri Björn , DeVinney Rebekah , Jenne Craig N. , Chaconas George
Published: April 2021

Lyme disease is the most common tick‐transmitted disease in the northern hemisphere and is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi and related Borrelia species. The constellation of symptoms attributable to this malady results from vascular dissemination of B. burgdorferi throughout the body to invade various tissue types. However, little is known about the mechanism by which the spirochetes can breach the blood vessel wall to reach distant tissues. We have studied this process by direct observation of spirochetes in the microvasculature of living mice using multi‐laser spinning‐disk intravital microscopy. Our results show that in our experimental system, instead of phagocytizing B. burgdorferi, host neutrophils are involved in the production of specific cytokines that activate the endothelium and potentiate B. burgdorferi escape into the surrounding tissue. Spirochete escape is not induced by paracellular permeability and appears to occur via a transcellular pathway. Neutrophil repurposing to promote bacterial extravasation represents a new and innovative pathogenic strategy.
Malonate utilization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa affects quorum‐sensing and virulence and leads to formation of mineralized biofilm‐like structures
Authors: Elmassry Moamen M. , Bisht Karishma , Colmer‐Hamood Jane A. , Wakeman Catherine A. , San Francisco Michael J. , Hamood Abdul N.
Published: April 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that uses malonate among its many carbon sources. We recently reported that, when grown in blood from trauma patients, P. aeruginosa expression of malonate utilization genes was upregulated. In this study, we explored the role of malonate utilization and its contribution to P. aeruginosa virulence. We grew P. aeruginosa strain PA14 in M9 minimal medium containing malonate (MM9) or glycerol (GM9) as a sole carbon source and assessed the effect of the growth on quorum sensing, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance. Growth of PA14 in MM9, compared to GM9, reduced the production of elastases, rhamnolipids, and pyoverdine; enhanced the production of pyocyanin and catalase; and increased its sensitivity to norfloxacin. Growth in MM9 decreased extracellular levels of N‐acylhomoserine lactone autoinducers, an effect likely associated with increased pH of the culture medium; but had little effect on extracellular levels of PQS. At 18 hr of growth in MM9, PA14 formed biofilm‐like structures or aggregates that were associated with biomineralization, which was related to increased pH of the culture medium. These results suggest that malonate significantly impacts P. aeruginosa pathogenesis by influencing the quorum sensing systems, the production of virulence factors, biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistance.
Holm oak fecundity does not acclimate to a drier world
Authors: Le Roncé Iris , Gavinet Jordane , Ourcival Jean‐Marc , Mouillot Florent , Chuine Isabelle , Limousin Jean‐Marc
Published: April 2021

Climate change might impact tree fecundity by altering the relative influences of meteorological and physiological drivers, and by modifying resource investment in reproduction.

Using a 13‐yr monitoring ofQuercus ilexreproduction in a rainfall exclusion experiment, we analysed the interactive effects of long‐term increased aridity and other environmental drivers on the inter‐annual variation of fecundity (male flower biomass, number of initiated and mature fruits).

Summer–autumn water stress was the main driver of fruit abortion during fruit growth. Rainfall exclusion treatment strongly reduced the number of initiated and mature fruits, even in masting years, and did not increase fruit tolerance to severe drought. Conversely, the relative contribution of the meteorological and physiological drivers, and the inter‐annual variability of fruit production were not modified by rainfall exclusion.

Rather than inducing an acclimation of tree fecundity to water limitation, increased aridity impacted it negatively through both lower fruit initiation due to changes in resource allocation, and more severe water and resource limitations during fruit growth. Long‐term increased aridity affected tree reproduction beyond what is expected from the current response to inter‐annual drought variations, suggesting that natural regeneration of holm oak forest could be jeopardised in the future.
Cable bacteria at oxygen‐releasing roots of aquatic plants: a widespread and diverse plant–microbe association
Authors: Scholz Vincent V. , Martin Belinda C. , Meyer Raïssa , Schramm Andreas , Fraser Matthew W. , Nielsen Lars Peter , Kendrick Gary A. , Risgaard‐Petersen Nils , Burdorf Laurine D. W. , Marshall Ian P. G.
Published: April 2021

Cable bacteria are sulfide‐oxidising, filamentous bacteria that reduce toxic sulfide levels, suppress methane emissions and drive nutrient and carbon cycling in sediments. Recently, cable bacteria have been found associated with roots of aquatic plants and rice (Oryza sativa). However, the extent to which cable bacteria are associated with aquatic plants in nature remains unexplored.

Using newly generated and public 16S rRNA gene sequence datasets combined with fluorescence in situ hybridisation, we investigated the distribution of cable bacteria around the roots of aquatic plants, encompassing seagrass (including seagrass seedlings), rice, freshwater and saltmarsh plants.

Diverse cable bacteria were found associated with roots of 16 out of 28 plant species and at 36 out of 55 investigated sites, across four continents. Plant‐associated cable bacteria were confirmed across a variety of ecosystems, including marine coastal environments, estuaries, freshwater streams, isolated pristine lakes and intensive agricultural systems. This pattern indicates that this plant–microbe relationship is globally widespread and neither obligate nor species specific.

The occurrence of cable bacteria in plant rhizospheres may be of general importance to vegetation vitality, primary productivity, coastal restoration practices and greenhouse gas balance of rice fields and wetlands.
Infliximab therapy in an infant with Netherton syndrome
Authors: Cicek Fatih , Cekic Sukru , Kilic Sara Sebnem
Published: April 2021

We present a patient with Netherton syndrome and severe skin manifestations treated with infliximab. By 6 months of age, the child had intractable pruritus, scaling, dry skin, and generalized eczematous lesions resistant to conventional therapies for atopic dermatitis. Clinical improvement was observed following the third infusion of infliximab, and by 12 months of age, the skin lesions completely resolved. Infliximab is a promising option for the management of skin inflammation in Netherton syndrome, even in infants.
Relations of mathematics mindset, mathematics anxiety, mathematics identity, and mathematics self‐efficacy to STEM career choice: A structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Cribbs Jennifer , Huang Xiaoxia , Piatek‐Jimenez Katrina
Published: April 2021

Several key factors have emerged from the literature contributing to the explanation of STEM participation (or lack of), including mathematics mindset, mathematics anxiety, mathematics identity, and mathematics self‐efficacy. Despite the research on the relations of these variables to career interest, few studies have integrated them and examined their intertwined relations in one model. The purpose of this study was to use a structural equation modeling approach to answer the central question: To what extent are the factors of mathematics mindset, mathematics anxiety, mathematics identity, and mathematics self‐efficacy related to each other and a STEM career choice? The results highlight a key finding that mathematics identity serves as a full mediator between mathematics mindset and STEM career interest as well as between mathematics anxiety and STEM career interest.
Managing Students’ Diversity in Ethiopian Public Universities: Practices and Challenges
Authors: Manaze Mesfin , Zeleke Befekadu
Published: April 2021

This study explored the practice and challenges of students’ diversity management in Ethiopian public universities. A convergent parallel mixed method design was used to guide the study. To this end, stratified random and simple random sampling methods were used to select eight public universities and 458 participants of the study. Furthermore, purposive, availability, and snowball sampling methods were used to draw qualitative research participants. While a modified version of the campus climate for diversity instrument was used to collect the quantitative data, key informant interview and document review were employed as qualitative data gathering tools. Frequencies, means, an independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the quantitative data while the qualitative data was analyzed thematically. Finally, the findings unveiled that the internal diversity-related policy practice, leadership commitment towards diversity promotion, diversity-related co-curricular activities, and curricular activities related to students’ diversity management were rated as good. The study further disclosed a significant perception difference in leadership commitment towards diversity among students of different generations of universities, F (3, 454) =6.034, p=0.000). Moreover, the qualitative finding showed that the absence of well-planned strategies, the deficiency of the curriculum to respond to diversity-related issues, and lack of commitment of university leaders to promote diversity and act immediately during conflicts was mentioned as gaps in managing students’ diversity. Finally, it was recommended that due attention should be given by MoSHE and respective public universities in diversifying the top leadership, academic staff, and student body by putting appropriate strategies in place.
Conocimientos acerca de la eutanasia en estudiantes universitarios en dos instituciones de educación superior en Colombia
Authors: De Vries Esther , Velásquez Mauricio , Espejo Alejandra , Navarrete Felipe , Robledo Sofìa , Salazar Mariana , Baquero Paula , Buesaquillo Christian , Arango Laura , Burbano Lina , Andrade Luis , Calvache Jose Andrés
Published: April 2021

Introducción: La eutanasia fue incluida en la Constitución Colombiana en el año 2014 como medida que garantiza el derecho a la muerte digna. Actualmente este sigue siendo un tema controvertido y que genera diversas opiniones y actitudes.

Objetivo: Explorar los conocimientos y actitudes que tienen estudiantes universitarios sobre la eutanasia en la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá y en la Universidad del Cauca en Popayán.

Métodos: Estudio observacional de corte transversal con datos obtenidos por medio de una encuesta virtual voluntaria sobre eutanasia en estudiantes universitarios de dos universidades. El cuestionario se enfocaba en: datos generales, conocimientos sobre eutanasia y casos hipotéticos relacionados.

Resultados: Participaron 758 estudiantes. Un 60% de sexo femenino y con media de edad de 22 años. El 53% de los estudiantes identificó la definición apropiada de eutanasia y el 77% consideraría recurriría a ella en un caso hipotético de padecer una enfermedad en fase terminal. Una proporción importante confundió la definición de eutanasia con la de cuidados paliativos.

Conclusiones: Se observó un alto grado de desconocimiento respecto a la eutanasia y a pesar de su amplia aceptación por la población estudiada los resultados indican la necesidad de abrir espacios de información y diálogo sobre el tema.
Atomic layer deposition of chromium oxide—An interplay between deposition and etching
Authors: Mandol Bireswar , Mahuli Neha , Ohno Kenichi , Scudder Lance , Sarkar Shaibal K.
Published: April 2021

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) thin films is investigated in a custom built hot wall viscous flow reactor configuration at 300 °C. Chromium(III) 2,4-pentanedionate [Cr(acac)3] and ozone (O3) are employed as the metal and the oxygen sources, respectively. In situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and ex situ x-ray reflectivity studies are utilized as the two complementary techniques to monitor the growth mechanism and self-limiting deposition chemistry during Cr2O3 ALD. In situ QCM studies reveal a negligible nucleation period on the previously grown Al-OH* terminated surface before revealing the perfectly linear growth mechanism at 300 °C. The saturated growth rate is found to be ca. 0.28 Å/cycle. In addition, excessive O3 exposure also reveals an alternative, controlled, and spontaneous etching pathway of the growing film as a result of the partial surface oxidation of Cr2O3. The as-deposited thin films are found to exhibit a polycrystalline rhombohedral structure without any preferential orientation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies reveal uniform distribution of Cr and O throughout the stack of ca. 40 nm film with minimum C impurities. High resolution scans of Cr 2p core level also confirm the presence of Cr in the +3 oxidation state with the corresponding multiplet spectrum.
Neural embeddings of scholarly periodicals reveal complex disciplinary organizations
Authors: Peng Hao , Ke Qing , Budak Ceren , Romero Daniel M. , Ahn Yong-Yeol
Published: April 2021

Low-dimensional vector-space representations of academic periodicals reveal insights into their complex relationships.
Three-dimensional microscale hanging drop arrays with geometric control for drug screening and live tissue imaging
Authors: Ganguli A. , Mostafa A. , Saavedra C. , Kim Y. , Le P. , Faramarzi V. , Feathers R. W. , Berger J. , Ramos-Cruz K. P. , Adeniba O. , Diaz G. J. Pagan , Drnevich J. , Wright C. L. , Hernandez A. G. , Lin W. , Smith A. M. , Kosari F. , Vasmatzis G. , Anastasiadis P. Z. , Bashir R.
Published: April 2021

Tiny silicon microchip–based high-throughput hanging drop arrays allow drug screening and geometric control.
Imaging the emergence of bacterial turbulence: Phase diagram and transition kinetics
Authors: Peng Yi , Liu Zhengyang , Cheng Xiang
Published: April 2021

Transition to active bacterial turbulence confirms the key prediction of kinetic theories and shows two unusual kinetic pathways.
Comparative genomic analysis of sifakas (
Propithecus
) reveals selection for folivory and high heterozygosity despite endangered status
Authors: Guevara Elaine E. , Webster Timothy H. , Lawler Richard R. , Bradley Brenda J. , Greene Lydia K. , Ranaivonasy Jeannin , Ratsirarson Joelisoa , Harris R. Alan , Liu Yue , Murali Shwetha , Raveendran Muthuswamy , Hughes Daniel S. T. , Muzny Donna M. , Yoder Anne D. , Worley Kim C. , Rogers Jeffrey
Published: April 2021

Critically endangered sifaka lemurs exhibit high genetic diversity and genomic evidence for dietary adaptation.
Spatially resolved cell polarity proteomics of a human epiblast model
Authors: Wang Sicong , Lin Chien-Wei , Carleton Amber E. , Cortez Chari L. , Johnson Craig , Taniguchi Linnea E. , Sekulovski Nikola , Townshend Ryan F. , Basrur Venkatesha , Nesvizhskii Alexey I. , Zou Peng , Fu Jianping , Gumucio Deborah L. , Duncan Mara C. , Taniguchi Kenichiro
Published: April 2021

APEX2-based spatial proteomics identifies cell polarity proteome of hPSC-cysts, a 3D model of human epiblast cavity formation.
Copper mining bacteria: Converting toxic copper ions into a stable single-atom copper
Authors: Gracioso Louise Hase , Peña-Bahamonde Janire , Karolski Bruno , Borrego Bruna Bacaro , Perpetuo Elen Aquino , do Nascimento Claudio Augusto Oller , Hashiguchi Hiroki , Juliano Maria Aparecida , Robles Hernandez Francisco C. , Rodrigues Debora Frigi
Published: April 2021

Single-atom zero-valent copper was biosynthesized by a copper-resistant bacterium isolated from a copper mine in Brazil.
Programming active cohesive granular matter with mechanically induced phase changes
Authors: Li Shengkai , Dutta Bahnisikha , Cannon Sarah , Daymude Joshua J. , Avinery Ram , Aydin Enes , Richa Andréa W. , Goldman Daniel I. , Randall Dana
Published: April 2021

Interactions of simple robots can be mapped to a discrete algorithm that accurately predicts the ensemble’s emergent behaviors.
Immune cell shuttle for precise delivery of nanotherapeutics for heart disease and cancer
Authors: Huang San-Shan , Lee Keng-Jung , Chen Hung-Chih , Prajnamitra Ray Putra , Hsu Chia-Hsin , Jian Cheng-Bang , Yu Xu-En , Chueh Di-Yen , Kuo Chiung Wen , Chiang Tsai-Chen , Choong Oi Kuan , Huang Shao-Chan , Beh Chaw Yee , Chen Li-Lun , Lai James J. , Chen Peilin , Kamp Timothy J. , Tien Yu-Wen , Lee Hsien-Ming , Hsieh Patrick Ching-Ho
Published: April 2021

Aptamer-based nanovectors that actively bind to circulating monocytes enhance drug delivery to the heart and to cancer.
The structural plasticity of nucleic acid duplexes revealed by WAXS and MD
Authors: He Weiwei , Chen Yen-Lin , Pollack Lois , Kirmizialtin Serdal
Published: April 2021

The structural diversity of nucleic acid duplexes reflects the critical roles of sequence, ions, and waters.
Endogenous variation in ventromedial prefrontal cortex state dynamics during naturalistic viewing reflects affective experience
Authors: Chang Luke J. , Jolly Eshin , Cheong Jin Hyun , Rapuano Kristina M. , Greenstein Nathan , Chen Pin-Hao A. , Manning Jeremy R.
Published: April 2021

The vmPFC ascribes affective meaning to experiences as they unfold and exhibits unique idiographic spatiotemporal dynamics.
Weaker bonding can give larger thermal conductance at highly mismatched interfaces
Authors: Xu Bin , Hu Shiqian , Hung Shih-Wei , Shao Cheng , Chandra Harsh , Chen Fu-Rong , Kodama Takashi , Shiomi Junichiro
Published: April 2021

Thermal conductance at interface with weak van der Waals bonding can become larger than that with strong covalent bonding.
Reconstitution of cargo-induced LC3 lipidation in mammalian selective autophagy
Authors: Chang Chunmei , Shi Xiaoshan , Jensen Liv E. , Yokom Adam L. , Fracchiolla Dorotea , Martens Sascha , Hurley James H.
Published: April 2021

Reconstitution experiments show how different cargo receptors engage the autophagy machinery in unique ways to lipidate LC3.
Hydraulic resistance induces cell phenotypic transition in confinement
Authors: Zhao Runchen , Cui Siqi , Ge Zhuoxu , Zhang Yuqi , Bera Kaustav , Zhu Lily , Sun Sean X. , Konstantopoulos Konstantinos
Published: April 2021

Hydraulic resistance induces cell phenotype oscillations in confinement via the coupled dynamics of actin, myosin, and calcium.
Resurgence of SARS-CoV-2: Detection by community viral surveillance
Authors: Riley Steven , Ainslie Kylie E. C. , Eales Oliver , Walters Caroline E. , Wang Haowei , Atchison Christina , Fronterre Claudio , Diggle Peter J. , Ashby Deborah , Donnelly Christl A. , Cooke Graham , Barclay Wendy , Ward Helen , Darzi Ara , Elliott Paul
Published: April 2021

Community virus surveillance

Even highly effective vaccines will not save us from the need to monitor severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) activity, perhaps for years to come. Public health institutions will need early warning of any uptick in cases to prepare and deploy interventions as required. Riley
et al.
developed a community-wide program that was designed to detect resurgence at low prevalence and has been used to track SARS-CoV-2 virus across England. In the four rounds of sampling from May to September 2020, almost 600,000 people representative of all communities were monitored. The results revealed the greatest prevalence among 18- to 24-year-olds, with increasing incidence among older age groups and elevated odds of infection among some communities. This testing approach offers a model for the type of real-time, country-wide population-based surveillance work that needs to be conducted to monitor SARS-CoV-2.

Science
, abf0874, this issue p.
990
Anterolateral intervertebral disc herniation presenting as visceral pain in a patient with renal keratinising desquamative squamous metaplasia
Authors: Bennett Andrew S , Gray Caitlin Mcauliffe , Ruchi Rupam , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: April 2021

We report the case of a 70-year-old man who presented to the clinic with back pain and presumed chronic kidney pain from renal keratinising desquamative squamous metaplasia, in which he would intermittently pass keratin plugs in urine. The pain had a visceral-sounding component that was inconsistent with renal colic. MRI of the spine revealed anterolateral disc bulges, which were likely irritating the anterolateral sympathetic nerves of the intervertebral disc, mimicking visceral pain. Transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) was performed at the levels of the disc bulges. He had no pain during passage of keratin plugs for 6.5 months after the TFESI which could be attributed to the expected duration of symptoms relief after a properly done TFESI.
Surface structure, nanocrystallite and defects in (ZrTi)CN nanocomposite irradiated by electron beam
Authors: Tashmetov M. Yu. , Yuldashova I. I. , Ismatov N. B.
Published: April 2021

Effect of 2 MeV electron beam at the current density 0.09 nA/cm2 on surface structure, nanocrystallite size of (ZrTi)CN nanocomposite coating on steel was investigated at Scanning Electron and Atomic Force microscopes, and also X-ray diffractometer. Using the Rietveld method, two structure phases were indentified in the pristine samples: (ZrTi)(CN)-cubic (space group Fm-3m) and TiC — trigonal (sp.gr.R-3m). Electron beam irradiation to the fluency of [Formula: see text] electron/cm2 resulted in the phase transition of TiC from trigonal (sp.gr.R-3m) to cubic structure (sp.gr.Fm-3m). Besides, nanocrystallite size and shape have changed after the fluency [Formula: see text] electron/cm2. The lattice parameters have increased up to [Formula: see text] electron/cm2 fluence and the nanorcrystallite size of nanocomposite was enlarged 26%, which was attributed to generation of defects.
Exact and approximate similarities of non-necessarily rational planar, parametrized curves, using centers of gravity and inertia tensors
Authors: Alcázar Juan Gerardo , Quintero Emily
Published: April 2021

We provide an algorithm to detect whether two bounded, planar parametrized curves are similar, i.e. whether there exists a similarity transforming one of the curves onto the other. The algorithm is valid for completely general parametrizations, and can be adapted to the case when the input is given with finite precision, using the notion of approximate [Formula: see text]. The algorithm is based on the computation of centers of gravity and inertia tensors of the considered curves or of the planar regions enclosed by the curves, which have nice properties when a similarity transformation is applied. In more detail, the centers of gravity are mapped onto each other, and the matrices representing the inertia tensors satisfy a simple relationship: when the similarity is a congruence (i.e. distances are preserved) the matrices are congruent, and in the more general case the relationship is analogous, but involves the square of the scaling constant. Using both properties, and except for certain pathological cases, the similarities can be found. Additional ideas are presented for the case of closed, i.e. compact, curves.
Symplectic Superposition Solution of Free Vibration of Fully Clamped Orthotropic Rectangular Thin Plate on Two-Parameter Elastic Foundation
Authors: Su Xin , Bai Eburilitu , Chen Alatancang
Published: April 2021

Based on the method of separation of variables in Hamiltonian system and superposition method, the series expansion solution of the free vibration problem of orthotropic rectangular thin plates (ORTPs) with four clamped edges (CCCC) on two-parameter elastic foundation is obtained. The original vibration problem is decomposed into two subproblems with two opposite sides simply supported, and the general solution of each subproblem is obtained by using the expansion of symplectic eigenvectors. Then by superposing these two general solutions, the series expansion solution of the original problem is obtained. The advantage of this method is that the solution process is carried out in symplectic space, and the validity of variable separation and symplectic eigenvectors expansion ensures the rationality of the solution process, while avoiding the presetting of the solution form. Finally, the correctness of symplectic superposition solution obtained in this paper is verified by calculating three concrete examples of fully clamped rectangular thin plates.
Classification of simple Gelfand–Tsetlin modules of 𝔰𝔩(3)
Authors: Futorny Vyacheslav , Grantcharov Dimitar , Ramirez Luis Enrique
Published: April 2021

We provide a classification and an explicit realization of all simple Gelfand–Tsetlin modules of the complex Lie algebra [Formula: see text]. The realization of these modules, including those with infinite-dimensional weight spaces, is given via regular and derivative Gelfand–Tsetlin tableaux. Also, we show that all simple Gelfand–Tsetlin [Formula: see text]-modules can be obtained as subquotients of localized Gelfand–Tsetlin [Formula: see text]-injective modules.
Predicting Performance Anomalies in Software Systems at Run-time
Authors: Zhao Guoliang , Hassan Safwat , Zou Ying , Truong Derek , Corbin Toby
Published: April 2021

High performance is a critical factor to achieve and maintain the success of a software system. Performance anomalies represent the performance degradation issues (e.g., slowing down in system response times) of software systems at run-time. Performance anomalies can cause a dramatically negative impact on users’ satisfaction. Prior studies propose different approaches to detect anomalies by analyzing execution logs and resource utilization metrics after the anomalies have happened. However, the prior detection approaches cannot predict the anomalies ahead of time; such limitation causes an inevitable delay in taking corrective actions to prevent performance anomalies from happening. We propose an approach that can
predict performance anomalies
in software systems and raise anomaly warnings in advance. Our approach uses a Long-Short Term Memory neural network to capture the normal behaviors of a software system. Then, our approach predicts performance anomalies by identifying the early deviations from the captured normal system behaviors. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate our approach using two real-world software systems (i.e., Elasticsearch and Hadoop). We compare the performance of our approach with two baselines. The first baseline is one state-to-the-art baseline called Unsupervised Behavior Learning. The second baseline predicts performance anomalies by checking if the resource utilization exceeds pre-defined thresholds. Our results show that our approach can predict various performance anomalies with high precision (i.e., 97–100%) and recall (i.e., 80–100%), while the baselines achieve 25–97% precision and 93–100% recall. For a range of performance anomalies, our approach can achieve sufficient lead times that vary from 20 to 1,403 s (i.e., 23.4 min). We also demonstrate the ability of our approach to predict the performance anomalies that are caused by real-world performance bugs. For predicting performance anomalies that are caused by real-world performance bugs, our approach achieves 95–100% precision and 87–100% recall, while the baselines achieve 49–83% precision and 100% recall. The obtained results show that our approach outperforms the existing anomaly prediction approaches and is able to predict performance anomalies in real-world systems.
A Formal Framework of Software Product Line Analyses
Authors: Castro Thiago , Teixeira Leopoldo , Alves Vander , Apel Sven , Cordy Maxime , Gheyi Rohit
Published: April 2021

A number of product-line analysis approaches lift analyses such as type checking, model checking, and theorem proving from the level of single programs to the level of product lines. These approaches share concepts and mechanisms that suggest an unexplored potential for reuse of key analysis steps and properties, implementation, and verification efforts. Despite the availability of taxonomies synthesizing such approaches, there still remains the underlying problem of not being able to describe product-line analyses and their properties precisely and uniformly. We propose a formal framework that models product-line analyses in a compositional manner, providing an overall understanding of the space of family-based, feature-based, and product-based analysis strategies. It defines precisely how the different types of product-line analyses compose and inter-relate. To ensure soundness, we formalize the framework, providing mechanized specification and proofs of key concepts and properties of the individual analyses. The formalization provides unambiguous definitions of domain terminology and assumptions as well as solid evidence of key properties based on rigorous formal proofs. To qualitatively assess the generality of the framework, we discuss to what extent it describes five representative product-line analyses targeting the following properties: safety, performance, dataflow facts, security, and functional program properties.
A Survey on Edge Performance Benchmarking
Authors: Varghese Blesson , Wang Nan , Bermbach David , Hong Cheol-Ho , Lara Eyal De , Shi Weisong , Stewart Christopher
Published: April 2021

Edge computing is the next Internet frontier that will leverage computing resources located near users, sensors, and data stores to provide more responsive services. Therefore, it is envisioned that a large-scale, geographically dispersed, and resource-rich distributed system will emerge and play a key role in the future Internet. However, given the loosely coupled nature of such complex systems, their operational conditions are expected to change significantly over time. In this context, the performance characteristics of such systems will need to be captured rapidly, which is referred to as performance benchmarking, for application deployment, resource orchestration, and adaptive decision-making.
Edge performance benchmarking
is a nascent research avenue that has started gaining momentum over the past five years. This article first reviews articles published over the past three decades to trace the history of performance benchmarking from tightly coupled to loosely coupled systems. It then systematically classifies previous research to identify the system under test, techniques analyzed, and benchmark runtime in edge performance benchmarking.
Hyaluronic Acid-Coated Nanoparticles for the Localized Delivery of Methylprednisolone to the Injured Spinal Cord
Authors: Chen Chao , Sun Xun , Yang Qiang , Ma Xinlong
Published: April 2021

Background. The injuries associated with the spinal cord, including trauma, tumor, or disease, may lead irreparable damage leading to limited or loss of mobility, paralysis, and in extreme cases may loss senses. Methylprednisolone (MP) is often used to treat acute spinal cord injuries but suffers with high dose toxicity. The local administration of MP can overcome the neurological deficits associated with its high-dose systemic administration. Method. In the present study, we have designed a targeted delivery system hyaluronic acid- (HA-) coated polyethylenimine- (PEI-) modified poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (HA-MP-PEI-PLGA) for the localized delivery of MP. The PEI-modified PLGA (PEI-PLGA) nanoparticles were prepared and coated electrostatically by HA. The particles were well characterized using DLS and SEM analysis. The efficacy of the particles was compared with unmodified MP-PEI-PLGA nanoparticles in an in vitro and in vivo model. Results. The synthesis of PEI-PLGA was confirmed using FTIR. The HA-MP-PEI-PLGA and MP-PEI-PLGA were of size

163
±
13
 
nm

and

124
±
9
 
nm

, respectively. The major difference was observed in zeta potential of the nanoparticles where the charge reversal was observed, which was +22.6 mV and -12.9 mV, respectively, for MP-PEI-PLGA and HA-MP-PEI-PLGA. The percentage encapsulation efficiencies (EE) were calculated to be

71.4
±
3.76

and

65.4
±
4.71

. The synthesized nanoparticles showed the sustained release of MP which significantly reduced the proinflammatory cytokines and the lesion in HA-MP-PEI-PLGA-treated rats and enhanced the growth of axons and blood vessels; also, it reduced the production of nitric oxide. Conclusion. The results revealed that local administration of HA-MP-PEI-PLGA enhances their efficiency for effective treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI).
Rumor Situation Discrimination Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition Correlation Dimension
Authors: Xin Yanwen , Liu Fengming
Published: April 2021

To effectively identify network rumors and block their spread, this paper uses fractal theory to analyze a network rumor spreading situation time series, reveal its inner regularity, extract features, and establish a network rumor recognition model. The model is based on an empirical mode decomposition (EMD) correlation dimension and K‐nearest neighbor (KNN) approach. Firstly, a partition function is used to determine if the time series of the rumor spreading situation is a uniform fractal process. Secondly, the rumor spreading situation is subjected to EMD to obtain a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), construct the IMF1–IMF6 components containing effective feature information as the principal components, and reconstruct the phase space of the principal components, respectively. Finally, the correlation dimensions of the principal components IMF1–IMF6 as obtained by the Grassberger‐Procaccia algorithm are used as feature parameters and are imported into the KNN model for rumor recognition. The experimental results show that the correlation dimension of a spreading situation can better reflect the characteristic information; as combined with the KNN model for identifying rumors, the recognition rate reaches 87.5%. This result verifies the effectiveness of fractal theory in network rumors recognition, expands the thinking for the research of rumors recognition, and provides theoretical support for rumor governance.