bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LncRNA LINC00511 plays an oncogenic role in lung adenocarcinoma by regulating PKM2 expression via sponging miR‐625‐5p
Authors: Xue Jinghui , Zhang Fayan
Published: July 2020

Background

Lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) is the most prominent histological subtype of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a high rate of mortality and metastasis. Accumulating evidence has shown that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play malfunctioning roles in the development of human tumors. Hence, this study aimed to determine the biological function of LINC00511 in LAC and to provide a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for it.

Methods

LINC00511 expression in LAC tissues and cell lines (H1299 and A549) were detected by real time‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay was employed to analyze cell proliferative ability. Cell metastasis change was measured using transwell assay. Moreover, we revealed a novel target gene of LINC00511 and elucidated the underlying competitive endogenous RNA regulatory mechanism in LAC cells.

Results

Data from our study demonstrated that LINC00511 expression was increased in LAC tissues and cells in comparison to their corresponding controls. Moreover, overexpression of LINC00511 indicated the poor prognosis of LAC patients. Overexpression of LINC00511 promoted proliferation, invasion and migration capacities of LAC cells. Moreover, LINC00511 promoted LAC progression via serving as a sponge of miR‐625‐5p and regulating PKM2 expression.

Conclusions

The present study showed that LINC00511 was involved in LAC progression by targeting miR‐625‐5p/PKM2, indicating that LINC00511/miR‐625‐5p/PKM2 may function as promising therapeutic targets for LAC.
A critical examination of the use of research templates in accounting and finance
Authors: Bui Binh
Published: July 2020

This study investigates the use of Robert Faff’s Pitching Research® template (RF template) and its perceived benefits and disadvantages. Drawing on 38 interviews with accounting and finance researchers, this study finds that RF template is predominantly used by quantitative and finance academics, PhD students, and associate professors, although it provides benefits to both novice and experienced researchers. Concerns were raised relating to RF template’s usefulness, technical and process issues, and consequences on research outcomes. Suggestions are made with regards to further detail and modifications to structure and language. This study calls for reflective examination of the role played by templates in research practice.
Anxiety and depression in the Republic of Ireland during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Hyland P. , Shevlin M. , McBride O. , Murphy J. , Karatzias T. , Bentall R. P. , Martinez A. , Vallières F.
Published: July 2020

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic in Ireland resulted in a nationwide quarantine on March 27, 2020. This study represents the first assessment of rates of anxiety and depression in the general population of Ireland during the pandemic.

Aims

Our first aim was to estimate the probable prevalence rates of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and depression and to identify sociodemographic risk factors associated with screening positive for GAD or depression. Our second aim was to determine if COVID‐19 related anxiety was highest amongst those in society at greatest risk of morality from COVID‐19.

Method

Self‐report data were collected from a nationally representative Irish sample (N = 1041) online between March 31 and April 5; the first week of the nationwide quarantine measures. Recognized cut‐off scores on the GAD‐7 and PHQ‐9 were used to estimate rates of GAD and depression. Correlates of screening positive for GAD or depression were assessed using logistic regression analysis.

Results

GAD (20.0%), depression (22.8%) and GAD or depression (27.7%) was common. Screening positive for GAD or depression was associated with younger age, female sex, loss of income due to COVID‐19, COVID‐19 infection and higher perceived risk of COVID‐19 infection. Citizens aged 65 and older had significantly higher levels of COVID‐19 related anxiety than adults aged 18–34.

Conclusions

Initial results from this multi‐wave study monitoring changes in population anxiety and depression throughout the pandemic indicate that GAD and depression were common experiences in the population during the initial phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Evolution and domestication of the Bovini species
Authors: Zhang K. , Lenstra J. A. , Zhang S. , Liu W. , Liu J.
Published: July 2020

Domestication of the Bovini species (taurine cattle, zebu, yak, river buffalo and swamp buffalo) since the early Holocene (ca. 10 000 BCE) has contributed significantly to the development of human civilization. In this study, we review recent literature on the origin and phylogeny, domestication and dispersal of the three major Bos species – taurine cattle, zebu and yak – and their genetic interactions. The global dispersion of taurine and zebu cattle was accompanied by population bottlenecks, which resulted in a marked phylogeographic differentiation of the mitochondrial and Y‐chromosomal DNA. The high diversity of European breeds has been shaped through isolation‐by‐distance, different production objectives, breed formation and the expansion of popular breeds. The overlapping and broad ranges of taurine and zebu cattle led to hybridization with each other and with other bovine species. For instance, Chinese gayal carries zebu mitochondrial DNA; several Indonesian zebu descend from zebu bull × banteng cow crossings; Tibetan cattle and yak have exchanged gene variants; and about 5% of the American bison contain taurine mtDNA. Analysis at the genomic level indicates that introgression may have played a role in environmental adaptation.
Schoolchildren’s experience of pain—A focus group interview study
Authors: Persson Sara , Warghoff Alexandra , Einberg Eva‐Lena , Garmy Pernilla
Published: July 2020

Aim

To explore the experience of pain in 10‐ to 12‐year‐old children.

Methods

This interview study included students (n = 42) in grade 4‐6 in focus groups (n = 10) in southern Sweden (52% girls); mean age, 11.3 years (range 10‐12 years). The interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim and analysed with qualitative content analysis.

Results

The analysis resulted in one theme: Pain as a unique experience for each individual, which was divided into five categories: (a) Feeling bodily pain; (b) Pain related to the school environment and schoolwork; (c) Internal pain related to sorrow and grief; (d) Pain related to conflicts and remorse; and (e) Pain can be good.

Conclusion

The children made distinctions between physical pain and emotional pain. Bullying, noisy school environments, grief and remorse were reported to be linked with headaches, stomachache and heartache.
Review of guidelines and recommendations from 17 countries highlights the challenges that clinicians face caring for neonates born to mothers with COVID‐19
Authors: Yeo Kee Thai , Oei Ju Lee , De Luca Daniele , Schmölzer Georg M. , Guaran Robert , Palasanthiran Pamela , Kumar Kishore , Buonocore Giuseppe , Cheong Jeanie , Owen Louise S. , Kusuda Satoshi , James Jennifer , Lim Gina , Sharma Ankur , Uthaya Sabita , Gale Christopher , Whittaker Elizabeth , Battersby Cheryl , Modi Neena , Norman Mikael , Naver Lars , Giannoni Eric , Diambomba Yenge , Shah Prakeshkumar S. , Gagliardi Luigi , Harrison Michael , Pillay Shakti , Alburaey Abdullah , Yuan Yuan , Zhang Huayan
Published: July 2020

Aim

This review examined how applicable national and regional clinical practice guidelines and recommendations for managing neonates born to mothers with COVID‐19 mothers were to the evolving pandemic.

Methods

A systematic search and review identified 20 guidelines and recommendations that had been published by May 25, 2020. We analysed documents from 17 countries: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, India, Italy, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK and the United States.

Results

The documents were based on expert consensus with limited evidence and were of variable, low methodological rigour. Most did not provide recommendations for delivery methods or managing symptomatic infants. None provided recommendations for post‐discharge assimilation of potentially infected infants into the community. The majority encouraged keeping mothers and infants together, subject to infection control measures, but one‐third recommended separation. Although breastfeeding or using breastmilk was widely encouraged, two countries specifically prohibited this.

Conclusion

The guidelines and recommendations for managing infants affected by COVID‐19 were of low, variable quality and may be unsustainable. It is important that transmission risks are not increased when new information is incorporated into clinical recommendations. Practice guidelines should emphasise the extent of uncertainty and clearly define gaps in the evidence.
1Introduction: Toward an Engaged Feminist Heritage Praxis
Authors: Fryer Tiffany C. , Raczek Teresa P.
Published: July 2020

We advocate a feminist approach to archaeological heritage work in order to transform heritage practice and the production of archaeological knowledge. We use an engaged feminist standpoint and situate intersubjectivity and intersectionality as critical components of this practice. An engaged feminist approach to heritage work allows the discipline to consider women's, men's, and gender non‐conforming persons’ positions in the field, to reveal their contributions, to develop critical pedagogical approaches, and to rethink forms of representation. Throughout, we emphasize the intellectual labor of women of color, queer and gender non‐conforming persons, and early white feminists in archaeology.
6Chai and Conversation: Crafting Field Identities and Archaeological Practice in South Asia
Authors: Raczek Teresa P. , Sugandhi Namita S.
Published: July 2020

In this article, we present examples from four research projects in India that were influenced by the values and ethics of decolonized and participatory research, and shaped by engendered perspectives. Each project built on earlier experiences that forced us to critically examine the ways we engaged with participants, crafted our field identities, and formed relationships. Using insights from linguistic anthropology and attending to intersectional inequalities and the construction of epistemic authority, we showcase how conducting an ethnography of communication and employing tactics of intersubjectivity influenced archaeological outcomes. We argue that close attention to context of communication, identity expression, and intersectional inequality enhances intersubjectivity, a necessary ingredient for successful participatory archaeology projects.
3Wombs of the Earth: Preserving and Reconstituting Feminine Prestige and Dignity through Heritage
Authors: Arthur Kathryn Weedman
Published: July 2020

A select group of Boreda women in southern Ethiopia bolster their sense of prestige and dignity as mothers and leaders through their ancestral landscapes, Bayira Deriya. These Boreda women conveyed their knowledge to me and endowed me with the responsibility to share it only after my longitudinal commitment to becoming a listening cultural apprentice and after becoming a mother. Importantly, their wisdom taught me an alternative way of perceiving motherhood and gender justice and led to a significant scientific discovery for the world.
5Sex Workers as Stakeholders: Incorporating Harm Reduction into Archaeological Praxis
Authors: Lupu Jennifer A.
Published: July 2020

Stereotypes and stigma around sex work are powerful political and social forces that are used to justify state violence, dehumanization, and marginalization. Drawing on community archaeology scholarship, I discuss how my engagement with sex workers redirected the questions I asked of the past, pushing me toward a more rigorous and ethical praxis. Harm‐reduction philosophies, which emphasize agency and non‐judgmentalism, can valuably contribute to an intersubjective feminist praxis in archaeological research. Drawing on discussions of intersectionality and spatial policing, I review existing scholarship on sex work and discuss the dialectical relationship between the present and the past.
8Discourses of the Haunted: An Intersubjective Approach to Archaeology at the Mount Pleasant Indian Industrial Boarding School
Authors: Surface‐Evans Sarah L. , Jones Sarah J.
Published: July 2020

This chapter explores “haunting” as a way to conceptualize and engage with the traumatic events of the United States Federal Indian Boarding School era. The goal is to create an intersectional and intersubjective approach that does not seek singular explanations, but leaves room for diversity of memory—a core principle in feminist indigenous theory. Bringing together archaeological, archival, and oral data, we tell three stories of perseverance that have come to light from community‐based heritage work. In this manner, archaeology has the power to facilitate community healing and decolonize women's experiences at the Mount Pleasant Indian Industrial Boarding School.
11Heritage Inheritances
Authors: Wilkie Laurie A.
Published: July 2020

In this paper the author pulls out themes that weave throughout the collection of papers. In particular, listening and learning become two “methodologies” of engaged, embodied, heritage praxis. Drawing on twenty years of work in heritage archaeology, the author attempts to recontextualize her embodied experiences of research and collaboration within the theorized frameworks and case studies found in the papers.
A population‐based study of the association between hemodialysis and cognitive impairment
Authors: Chien Ching‐Wen , Lin Ying Chi , Huang Song‐Kong , Chen Pei‐En , Tung Tao‐Hsin
Published: July 2020

Introduction

End‐stage renal disease is a serious public health issue. The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the association between hemodialysis and cognitive impairment, while controlling for age, sex, residence, and comorbidities.

Methods

This study assesses the risk of cognitive impairment among a nationwide cohort of new hemodialysis patients derived from the NHIRD.

Results

A total of 4330 patients were assigned to the dialysis group and 17 320 patients were assigned to the control group. A total of 2103 of the patients developed cognitive impairment within 2 years after the date of dialysis initiation. Patients who developed cognitive impairment were older (69.85 ± 11.56) than their counterparts who did not develop cognitive impairment (58.58 ± 14.77; P < .001). The log‐rank test of Kaplan‐Meier analysis revealed a higher risk of cognitive impairment in the hemodialysis group than in the non‐hemodialysis group (P < .001). The interval between dialysis initiation and the onset of cognitive impairment was 98.66 ± 46.39 months among non‐dialysis subjects and 53.45 ± 41.90 months among dialysis subjects, and the between‐group difference was significant (P < .001). The Cox Proportional Hazard Model revealed that after controlling for gender, age, residence, and comorbidities, hemodialysis was shown to have a significant impact on cognitive impairment (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29‐1.60). Furthermore, the risk of developing cognitive impairment increased with age (HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.06‐1.08).

Discussion

Hemodialysis was associated with cognitive impairment. There was a significant association between age and cognitive impairment, regardless of the comorbidities prior to hemodialysis. There was no evidence of an association between comorbidities and cognitive impairment after beginning hemodialysis.
Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and identifying insufflators with desufflation mode and surgical smoke evacuators for safe CO2 removal
Authors: da Costa Karina M. , Saxena Amulya K.
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Given the propensity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 to spread, it is imperative that those continuing to perform surgery take precautions to limit the potential generation of contaminated aerosols in smoke from energy‐based instruments. The aim of this study was to report current data regarding insufflators with desufflation mode and similar options to safely remove CO2 in minimal access surgery.

Methods

A non‐systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted using the PubMed database, and the main companies that provide surgical devices were contacted for information.

Results

Most commercially available smoke evacuators use a combination of suction and mechanical filtering. There are also electrostatic precipitators that charge surgical smoke and retain the particles via electrostatic attraction. The search identified three insufflators with desufflation mode, four modular smoke evacuators using mechanical filtration, and only one device using electrostatic precipitation. However, none of these devices has been tested with viruses.

Conclusion

This review identified commercially available equipment that employs mechanical filtering and electrostatic attraction principles that can be used for pneumoperitoneum evacuation during the present coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This pandemic should assist in raising awareness regarding protection measures and the risk of occupational exposure in surgery.
Executive Compensation and Financial Performance Measures: Evidence from Significant Financial Institutions
Authors: Le Cao Hoang Anh , Shan Yaowen , Taylor Stephen
Published: July 2020

We survey the use of financial performance measures in determining executive pay among significant Australian financial institutions. We document evidence of the pervasiveness with which externally disclosed non‐GAAP (non‐Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) financial measures are also used internally to determine variable remuneration, with the apparent popularity of cash profit after tax in short‐term incentives plans. Our evidence also highlights the increasing use of peer group‐adjusted measures (e.g., relative cash earnings per share and return on equity ranking against a peer group) in determining longer‐run incentives, despite the fact that members of the peer group do not measure financial performance in a directly comparable manner. Detailed analysis of the four major trading banks (Australia and New Zealand Banking Group, Commonwealth Bank, National Australia Bank and Westpac) reveals differences in the way non‐GAAP earnings measures are calculated across the major banks, as well as some variation over time in the way individual banks measure performance. We also document evidence of non‐GAAP earnings restatements, with around 25% of non‐GAAP results subsequently being restated. These restatements are more likely to result in a downward revision of the initially reported non‐GAAP result than an upward revision. We therefore conclude that existing measures of financial performance used to determine senior executive compensation are not as ‘objective’, as might be assumed.
Why we should sample sparsely and aim for a higher target: Lessons from model‐based therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin in intensive care patients
Authors: Guo Tingjie , van Hest Reinier M. , Fleuren Lucas M. , Roggeveen Luca F. , Bosman Rob J. , van der Voort Peter H.J. , Girbes Armand R.J. , Mathot Ron A.A. , van Hasselt Johan G.C. , Elbers Paul W.G.
Published: July 2020

Aims

To explore the optimal data sampling scheme and the pharmacokinetic (PK) target exposure on which dose computation is based in the model‐based therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) practice of vancomycin in intensive care (ICU) patients.

Methods

We simulated concentration data for 1 day following four sampling schemes, Cmin, Cmax + Cmin, Cmax + Cmid‐interval + Cmin, and rich sampling where a sample was drawn every hour within a dose interval. The datasets were used for Bayesian estimation to obtain PK parameters, which were used to compute the doses for the next day based on five PK target exposures: AUC24 = 400, 500, and 600 mg·h/L and Cmin = 15 and 20 mg/L. We then simulated data for the next day, adopting the computed doses, and repeated the above procedure for 7 days. Thereafter, we calculated the percentage error and the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of estimated against “true” PK parameters, and the percentage of optimal treatment (POT), defined as the percentage of patients who met 400 ≤ AUC24 ≤ 600 mg·h/L and Cmin ≤ 20 mg/L.

Results

PK parameters were unbiasedly estimated in all investigated scenarios and the 6‐day average NRMSE were 32.5%/38.5% (CL/V, where CL is clearance and V is volume of distribution) in the trough sampling scheme and 27.3%/26.5% (CL/V) in the rich sampling scheme. Regarding POT, the sampling scheme had marginal influence, while target exposure showed clear impacts that the maximum POT of 71.5% was reached when doses were computed based on AUC24 = 500 mg·h/L.

Conclusions

For model‐based TDM of vancomycin in ICU patients, sampling more frequently than taking only trough samples adds no value and dosing based on AUC24 = 500 mg·h/L lead to the best POT.
Reexamining the categorical exclusion of pediatric participants from controlled human infection trials
Authors: Murphy Sean C. , Duenas Devan M. , Richie Thomas L. , Shah Seema K.
Published: July 2020

Controlled human infection (CHI) models have been developed for numerous pathogens in order to better understand disease processes and accelerate drug and vaccine testing. In the past, some researchers conducted highly controversial CHIs with vulnerable populations, including children. Ethical frameworks for CHIs now recommend vulnerable populations be excluded because they cannot consent to high risk research. In this paper we argue that CHI studies span a wide spectrum of benefit and risk, and that some CHI studies may involve minimal risk. The categorical exclusion of children from CHIs therefore departs from the standard approach to evaluating research risks, as international regulations and ethical guidance for pediatric research generally permit non‐beneficial research with low risks. The paradigm in research ethics has also shifted from focusing on protecting vulnerable participants to recognizing that inclusion can be important as a matter of justice, providing new reasons to question this default exclusion of children from CHIs. Recognizing that pediatric CHIs can raise complex ethical issues and are easy to sensationalize in ways that may threaten the public’s trust in research and sponsor institutions, we conclude by describing additional complexities that must be addressed before pediatric CHIs beyond licensed vaccine studies might be ethically acceptable.
MAP: A mnemonic for mapping BCTs to three routes to behaviour change
Authors: Dixon Diane , Johnston Marie
Published: July 2020

Objective

Over 90 behaviour change techniques (BCTs) have been specified but there is limited guidance to assist non‐specialist practitioners in the choice of which BCTs to select for use with clients. This paper describes the development of MAP, a theory‐based mnemonic designed to aid practitioners in their use of BCTs. Each BCT is MAPed to one or more of three recognized routes to behaviour change, namely Motivation development, Action control, and Prompted or cued route.

Design

A cross‐sectional online discriminant content validity (DCV) questionnaire.

Methods

Fourteen judges participated, decided whether each BCT affects behaviour via each of the three routes, and provided a confidence rating for each judgement. Wilcoxon one‐sample tests classified each BCT to a route or combination of routes. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) assessed agreement between judges.

Results

Fifty‐eight BCTs were judged to affect behaviour via a single route; 28, 21, and nine BCTs were judged to act via the Motivation, Action, or Prompted routes, respectively. Judges did not agree on a route for 35 BCTs. Overall ICC (0.89) value was high and did not differ between routes.

Conclusions

There was good agreement on candidate BCTs for interventions designed to operate through Motivation, Action, or Prompted/Cued psychological processes. MAP is a mnemonic that can be used by non‐specialist practitioners who implement behaviour change with their clients. MAP is not a replacement for sophisticated theory‐based organization of BCTs required for theory testing. While providing practical guidance, further work is necessary to establish effectiveness of BCTs tailored to each route.
Mobilizing to Win in Europe: Change to Win and the Diffusion of Union Strategy
Authors: Givan Rebecca Kolins , Eaton Adrienne E.
Published: July 2020

Why would European unions, in countries with greater union density, seek support from American unions who are struggling to retain power and influence? Why would Change To Win (CTW), an upstart union confederation, expend its limited resources supporting the European labour movement? These questions motivate this paper that analyses the activities of CTWs European Organizing Center and its partner unions. The paper uses the diffusion literature to argue that CTW and its partners have developed a common sense of the problems facing unions globally, and solutions rooted in specific organizing practices and broad power resources, abstracted and adopted to varying local contexts. The paper further argues that this North–North collaboration constitutes a new form of labour internationalism through the intentional diffusion of organizational strategy and that US unions bring a particular set of power resources to these cross‐Atlantic relationship resources born of the more advanced version of neoliberalism found in the United States.
Differential associations of threat and deprivation with emotion understanding in maltreated children in foster care
Authors: Carrera Pablo , Jiménez‐Morago Jesús M. , Román Maite , León Esperanza
Published: July 2020

Children in foster care are a remarkably heterogeneous group regarding their adaptation, and disrupted emotion understanding is one of the processes that may lead to differential outcomes in them. Previous research has found different effects for abused and for neglected children in emotion recognition. However, very few studies have analysed more complex forms of emotion understanding in maltreated children while considering different adversity dimensions. The present study analysed associations between threat and deprivation exposure and different facets of emotion understanding in a sample of maltreated children in foster care. The sample comprised 51 children from 4 to 9 years old (M = 7.07, SD = 1.63) in nonkin foster care in Spain. We used the Test of Emotional Comprehension to measure emotion understanding and maltreatment reports to measure exposure to threat and deprivation. Threat exposure predicted enhanced external emotion understanding after controlling for age, vocabulary, and deprivation, particularly understanding emotions based on desires. Deprivation predicted worse external emotion understanding. Our findings reinforce the limits of cumulative risks models for understanding foster children's developmental outcomes and the value of assessing separately adversity dimensions when possible, given the variable relations of threat and deprivation exposure with social cognitive development.
Platform switching in two‐implant bar‐retained mandibular overdentures: 1‐year results from a split‐mouth randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Abou‐Ayash Samir , Schimmel Martin , Kraus Dominik , Mericske‐Stern Regina , Albrecht Dominic , Enkling Norbert
Published: July 2020

Objectives

The concept of platform switching is widely applied in current implant dentistry; however, the influence on peri‐implant bone‐level alterations (ΔIBL), especially in the field of implant overdentures (IODs), remains inconclusive. Therefore, the present study aimed to test the alternative hypothesis that there is an equivalent ΔIBLs at platform‐switching and platform‐matching implant abutments in 2‐implant bar‐retained IODs.

Materials and methods

Two interforaminal implants were placed in 32 subjects, who were randomly assigned to either an immediate‐ or a 3‐month post‐placement loading group. Furthermore, one implant in each subject was randomly assigned to receive a platform‐switched abutment (test), and one a platform‐matching abutment (control). The implants were splinted with prefabricated, chairside customized bars. ΔIBL was recorded by using customized radiograph holders at implant placement, implant loading, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after loading.

Results

After 1 year, equivalent ΔIBL could be identified (test: −0.51 mm ± 0.49 versus control: −0.56 mm ± 0.52; p < .001). ΔIBL increased over time and was more pronounced in the delayed‐loaded implants (−0.87 mm ± 0.61) relative to the immediately loaded implants (−0.35 mm ± 0.43; p = .022).

Conclusions

The prosthetic concept of platform switching does not necessarily lead to reduced bone loss. Immediate‐loading of implants, primarily splinted with a bar, might be beneficial regarding peri‐implant bone‐level alterations over a short‐term period.
Hair cross‐sectioning in uncombable hair syndrome: An epoxy embedding technique
Authors: Reis Joel , Brandão José Ricardo , Rodrigues Aurora , Coelho André , Machado Susana
Published: July 2020

Uncombable hair syndrome is a rare disorder of the hair shaft that leads to silvery and unruly hair. The hair shaft anomaly is characterized by a longitudinal groove that is detected by scanning electronic microscopy—considered to be the gold standard for diagnosis. Recently, hair cross‐sectioning has been reported as a viable alternative, but currently available methods still have some flaws, especially because of hair samples' processing specificities. Here, we present two cases of uncombable hair syndrome and a new embedding technique using epoxy to perform the diagnosis.
Diagnosis of pharyngeal cancer on endoscopic video images by Mask region‐based convolutional neural network
Authors: Kono Mitsuhiro , Ishihara Ryu , Kato Yusuke , Miyake Muneaki , Shoji Ayaka , Inoue Takahiro , Matsueda Katsunori , Waki Kotaro , Fukuda Hiromu , Shimamoto Yusaku , Fujiwara Yasuhiro , Tada Tomohiro
Published: July 2020

Objectives

We aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) system for the real‐time diagnosis of pharyngeal cancers.

Methods

Endoscopic video images and still images of pharyngeal cancer treated in our facility were collected. A total of 4559 images of pathologically proven pharyngeal cancer (1243 using white light imaging and 3316 using narrow‐band imaging/blue laser imaging) from 276 patients were used as a training dataset. The AI system used a convolutional neural network (CNN) model typical of the type used to analyze visual imagery. Supervised learning was used to train the CNN. The AI system was evaluated using an independent validation dataset of 25 video images of pharyngeal cancer and 36 video images of normal pharynx taken at our hospital.

Results

The AI system diagnosed 23/25 (92%) pharyngeal cancers as cancers and 17/36 (47%) non‐cancers as non‐cancers. The transaction speed of the AI system was 0.03 s per image, which meets the required speed for real‐time diagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the detection of cancer were 92%, 47%, and 66% respectively.

Conclusions

Our single‐institution study showed that our AI system for diagnosing cancers of the pharyngeal region had promising performance with high sensitivity and acceptable specificity. Further training and improvement of the system are required with a larger dataset including multiple centers.
Geographic patterns and environmental correlates of taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity for large‐scale angiosperm assemblages in China
Authors: Qian Hong , Jin Yi , Leprieur Fabien , Wang Xianli , Deng Tao
Published: July 2020

A full understanding of the origin and maintenance of β‐diversity patterns in a region requires exploring the relationships of both taxonomic and phylogenetic β‐diversity (TBD and PBD, respectively), and their respective turnover and nestedness components, with geographic and environmental distances. Here, we simultaneously investigated all these aspects of β‐diversity for angiosperms in China. Specifically, we evaluated the relative importance of environmental filtering vs dispersal limitation processes in shaping β‐diversity patterns. We found that TBD and PBD as quantified using a moving window approach decreased towards higher latitudes across the whole of China, and their turnover components were correlated with latitude more strongly than their nestedness components. When quantifying β‐diversity as pairwise distances, geographic and climatic distances across China together explained 60 and 53% of the variation in TBD and PBD, respectively. After the variation in β‐diversity explained by climatic distance was accounted for, geographic distance independently explained about 23 and 12% of the variation in TBD and PBD, respectively, across China. Overall, our results suggest that environmental filtering based on climatic tolerance conserved across lineages is the main force shaping β‐diversity patterns for angiosperms in China.
Climate, soil resources and microbial activity shape the distributions of mountain plants based on their functional traits
Authors: Martinez‐Almoyna Camille , Piton Gabin , Abdulhak Sylvain , Boulangeat Louise , Choler Philippe , Delahaye Thierry , Dentant Cédric , Foulquier Arnaud , Poulenard Jérôme , Noble Virgile , Renaud Julien , Rome Maxime , Saillard Amélie ,   The ORCHAMP Consortium, Thuiller Wilfried , Münkemüller Tamara
Published: July 2020

While soil ecosystems undergo important modifications due to global change, the effect of soil properties on plant distributions is still poorly understood. Plant growth is not only controlled by soil physico‐chemistry but also by microbial activities through the decomposition of organic matter and the recycling of nutrients essential for plants. A growing body of evidence also suggests that plant functional traits modulate species’ response to environmental gradients. However, no study has yet contrasted the importance of soil physico‐chemistry, microbial activities and climate on plant species distributions, while accounting for how plant functional traits can influence species‐specific responses.

Using hierarchical effects in a multi‐species distribution model, we investigate how four functional traits related to resource acquisition (plant height, leaf carbon to nitrogen ratio, leaf dry matter content and specific leaf area) modulate the response of 44 plant species to climatic variables, soil physico‐chemical properties and microbial decomposition activity (i.e. exoenzymatic activities) in the French Alps.

Our hierarchical trait‐based model allowed to predict well 41 species according to the TSS statistic. In addition to climate, the combination of soil C/N, as a measure of organic matter quality, and exoenzymatic activity, as a measure of microbial decomposition activity, strongly improved predictions of plant distributions. Plant traits played an important role. In particular, species with conservative traits performed better under limiting nutrient conditions but were outcompeted by exploitative plants in more favorable environments.

We demonstrate tight associations between microbial decomposition activity, plant functional traits associated to different resource acquisition strategies and plant distributions. This highlights the importance of plant–soil linkages for mountain plant distributions. These results are crucial for biodiversity modelling in a world where both climatic and soil systems are undergoing profound and rapid transformations.
Flight‐to‐safety and the credit crunch: a new history of the banking crises in France during the Great Depression†
Authors: Baubeau Patrice , Monnet Eric , Riva Angelo , Ungaro Stefano
Published: July 2020

Despite France's importance in the interwar world economy, the scale of the French banking crises of 1930–1 and their consequences have never been fully assessed quantitatively. The lack of banking regulation severely limited the availability of balance sheet data. Using a new dataset of individual balance sheets from more than 300 banks, this article shows that the crises were much more severe than previously thought, although they did not affect the main commercial banks. By reconstructing financial flows, this study shows that the fall in bank credit was mostly driven by a flight‐to‐safety by deposits, from banks to savings institutions and the central bank. The decrease in bank deposits due to bank runs was offset by an increase in deposits with savings institutions, with the central bank, and in cash hoarding, whereas the decrease in bank credit was not offset by an increase in loans from non‐bank financial institutions. In line with the gold standard mentality, cash deposited with savings institutions and the central bank was used to decrease marketable public debt and increase gold reserves, rather than pursuing countercyclical policies. Despite massive capital inflows and rising aggregate money supply, France suffered from a severe, persistent credit crunch.
The growth pattern of British children, 1850–1975†
Authors: Gao Pei , Schneider Eric B.
Published: July 2020

This article is the first to use individual‐level, longitudinal measures of child growth to document changes in the growth pattern in Britain between the 1850s and the 1970s. Based on a unique dataset gathered from the records of the training ship Indefatigable, this study analyses the mean heights of boys at admission and their longitudinal growth using regressions that control for observable characteristics. Our findings show a secular increase in boys’ mean height over time, and that height gain was most rapid during the interwar period. In addition, longitudinal growth velocity was low and similar at different ages for boys born before the 1910s, suggesting a substantially weaker pubertal growth spurt (three standard deviations lower) than that which occurs in modern populations. However, for boys born in the 1910s and later, higher growth velocities associated with pubertal growth appeared in a narrow range of ages (14 to 16 years). Thus, it appears that there was a substantial change in the growth pattern beginning in the 1910s with the emergence of a strong pubertal growth spurt. The timing of this shift implies that declines in child morbidity mattered more for the changing growth pattern than improvements in nutrition that occurred before 1910.
Donor stem cell‐derived paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria after umbilical cord blood transplantation
Authors: Nakaya Yosuke , Nakao Takafumi , Ueda Yasutaka , Takamori Hiroyuki , Nishimura Jun‐Ichi , Tatsumi Naoko , Tsutsumi Minako , Yoshida Masahiro , Yoshimura Takuro , Hayashi Yoshiki , Yamane Takahisa
Published: July 2020

Donor cell‐derived hematological disorder (DCHD) is a rare complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The number of reports of DCHD has been increasing in the last decade, which likely reflects the growing number of HSCTs and the improved ability to identify the donor cell origin. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired hematological disorder arising in the context of clonal expansion of hematopoietic stem cells harboring a somatic mutation in phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class A. We report here a patient with adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma, who developed PNH 7 years after umbilical cord blood transplantation. The patient has maintained complete remission with full‐donor chimerism after HSCT. Thus, PNH was derived from stem cells of donor origin. The immature immune environment in the recipient after cord blood transplantation might have contributed to the rapid clonal expansion for neonatal stem cells in cord blood to develop typical symptomatic PNH in a short period. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature of a case of PNH that developed in donor stem cells after HSCT.
The timelines of MRI findings related to outcomes in adult patients with new‐onset refractory status epilepticus
Authors: Kim Hyo Jae , Lee Sang‐Ahm , Kim Hyun‐Woo , Kim Soo Jeong , Jeon Sang‐Beom , Koo Yong Seo
Published: July 2020

Objective

To identify the timelines of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities and their relationships with the clinical outcomes of patients with new‐onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE).

Methods

This retrospective observational study enrolled patients with NORSE who were admitted from March 2008 to July 2018. MRI abnormalities were analyzed visually with the readers blinded to the clinical characteristics of the patients. Poor functional outcome was defined as a Glasgow Outcome Scale score ≤ 3 at discharge. Subsequent pharmacoresistant epilepsy was defined as seizures not controlled by two or more anti‐seizure medications 6 months after discharge.

Results

Among 39 patients with NORSE, 32 (82.1%) exhibited an MRI abnormality. The most common abnormalities were persisting mesial temporal lobe signal abnormality (51.3%); initial diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement within 16 days from seizure onset (15/35, 42.9%); and hippocampal atrophy, which started to appear 26 days after seizure onset (15/26, 57.7%). Only three patients had claustrum abnormalities. Patients with insular involvement had longer treatment delay than those without (24.0 vs 5.5 hours, respectively, P = .02). Duration of status epilepticus (SE) tended to have a linear association with hippocampal atrophy (P = .055). Patients with diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement were more likely to have a poor functional outcome and to develop subsequent pharmacoresistant epilepsy than those without this finding (93.3% vs 15.0%, P < .001; 75.0% vs 22.2%, P = .004, respectively); the results were significant even after adjusting for age, sex, and duration of SE. Hippocampal atrophy and diffuse cortical atrophy were also significantly associated with poor functional outcomes (P = .001 and P = .002, respectively), and patients with these conditions were more likely to develop subsequent pharmacoresistant epilepsy than those without these conditions, after adjusting for age and sex (P = .035 and P = .048, respectively), but not after adjusting for duration of SE.

Significance

Initial diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement and later hippocampal atrophy were associated with a poor functional outcome and subsequent pharmacoresistant epilepsy.
Fibromatous epulis in a Campolina horse
Authors: Schade J. , Fonteque J. H. , Muller T. R. , Teixeira W. T. , da Rosa A. C. , Casagrande R. A. , de Cristo T. G. , de Azevedo Fernandes N. C. C.
Published: July 2020

An 11‐year‐old Campolina horse was referred to the Veterinary Hospital due to the presence of an exophytic mass located in the rostral region of the mandible. Radiographic evaluation showed no evidence of tumour infiltration in the underlying mandibular bone, and the histopathology and immunohistochemical evaluations confirmed the diagnosis of fibromatous epulis. The treatment included surgical excision of the mass, followed by extensive curettage of the underlying mandibular bone. Complete healing of the wound was evidenced 60 days after the procedure; however, relapse was reported by the owner between 1 and 3 years after surgery.
Dyadic Coping and Couple Resilience After Miscarriage
Authors: Hiefner Angela R.
Published: July 2020

Objective

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the impact of miscarriage on the couple relationship, particularly lived experiences related to partners' perceptions of increased closeness and strength in the relationship.

Background

Current miscarriage literature lacks a process‐oriented understanding of how miscarriage influences partner interactions and how partner interactions influence resilience and coping after this loss.

Method

This qualitative study used semistructured interviews to conduct a combination of dyadic and individual interviews with six couples, resulting in 18 interviews.

Results

The couples described themes of both positive and negative impact on the relationship, the shared nature of the loss, dyadic coping strategies, and specific partner interactions that supported resilience.

Conclusion

Experiencing miscarriage as a shared loss seemed to create important opportunities for healthy dyadic coping and interactional processes.

Implications

Findings can guide medical and mental health professionals in providing more effective support to couples after miscarriage.
Acylceramide is a key player in skin barrier function: insight into the molecular mechanisms of skin barrier formation and ichthyosis pathogenesis
Authors: Akiyama Masashi
Published: July 2020

For a quarter of the century, tremendous advances have been achieved in our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms and relevant genetic defects underlying ichthyoses and ichthyosis syndromes. Research on the pathogenic mechanisms of ichthyoses has provided novel insights into the synthesis and metabolism of epidermal ceramides. Conversely, our advanced understanding of the dynamics of ceramides in the epidermis has contributed to the clarification of the ichthyosis pathogenesis. Most ichthyosis subtypes have pathogenic processes related to stratum corneum barrier defects. Two essential structures of the stratum corneum barrier, the corneocyte lipid envelope (CLE) and the intercellular lipid layers, consist of epidermal functional lipids. Ceramides are included in the most significant components of the functional lipid in the epidermis. Acylceramides, particularly EOS, which is a combination of esterified ω‐hydroxy ultra‐long‐chain fatty acids and sphingosines, are critical as the main component of the CLE. Molecules encoded by a number of ichthyosis‐causative genes (ABCA12, ALOXE3, ALOX12B, CYP4F22, CERS3, ABHD5, PNPLA1, ELOVL4, and SDR9C7) are known to be involved in the synthesis, transport, and metabolism of acylceramide, and in the formation of the CLE. This review focuses on the processes of acylceramide biosynthesis and the steps of CLE formation in the stratum corneum. I sum up the pathogenic mechanisms of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis and various ichthyosis syndromes from the viewpoints of the defective synthesis, metabolism, and transport of acylceramide and the failure of CLE formation.
Fatigue properties of AA6060‐T6 butt welds made by hybrid metal extrusion & bonding
Authors: Sandnes Lise , Grong Øystein , Welo Torgeir , Berto Filippo
Published: July 2020

The present investigation is concerned with high‐cycle axial fatigue testing of a 2‐mm AA6060‐T6 hybrid metal extrusion & bonding (HYB) butt weld produced in the solid state using AA6082 filler metal addition. The results complement the three‐point bend testing and the tensile testing done in two previous studies. In this study, optical microscope and scanning electron microscope examinations have been carried out to reveal the joint macro/microstructure and document possible surface and root defects deemed to affect fatigue life. In the as‐welded condition, the HYB weld suffers from surface irregularities at the weld face and ‘kissing’ bond formation in the root region. Despite of this, the subsequent testing shows that the fatigue properties exceed those reported for comparable AA6082‐T6 gas metal arc butt welds and matching those reported for corresponding high‐strength laser beam and friction stir weldments.