bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure and properties of bio‐based polyamide 109 treated with superheated water
Authors: Tao Lei , Liu Ke , Li Taotao , Xiao Ru
Published: May 2019

The structure and properties of bio‐based polyamide 109 (PA109) after treatment with superheated water (140 °C ≤ T ≤ 280 °C) were investigated and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and small‐angle X‐ray scattering. Below 170 °C, the hydrothermal treatment was considered to be a physical process, which exerted an annealing effect on PA109. It led to an increase in melting temperature, lamellar thickness and crystallinity, while the macromolecular structure, crystal structure and the order of crystalline regions were not affected. Above 170 °C, complete melting/dissolution of PA109 occurred with partial hydrolysis. Due to the high temperature and long reaction time, the hydrolysis reaction became more and more prominent, and the resin was completely hydrolyzed into oligomers at 280 °C. Also, above 170 °C, the hydrothermal treatment was accompanied by a chemical process and the melting temperature and molecular weight decreased progressively. Notably, the crystal structure was not altered, but the degree of perfection of crystals and the order of crystalline regions were broken, especially above 200 °C. The hydrolytic degradation reaction was significantly affected by temperature, while both time and the water to polyamide ratio were secondary factors which influenced it to a minor extent. The process could be considered as a typical nucleophilic substitution reaction which takes place step by step inducing the molecular weight to decrease gradually. Overall, this study provides a ‘green’ route for the processing, recycling and treatment of environmentally friendly polyamides based on hydrothermal treatment technology. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Predictors of Readmission to Acute Care from Inpatient Rehabilitation: An Integrative Review
Authors: McKechnie Duncan , Pryor Julie , McKechnie Rochelle , Fisher Murray J.
Published: May 2019

Readmission to acute care (RTAC) from inpatient rehabilitation can have negative consequences for individuals and associated financial costs are increasing. Consequently, preventing avoidable RTAC represents a target for improvement in quality of care. The aim of this integrative review was to identify predictors of RTAC from inpatient rehabilitation. A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, ProQuest, and CINAHL databases was used. Thematic analysis was used to examine extracted data. Strong evidence indicating that the principal predictors of RTAC are lower functional status on admission to rehabilitation, a more severe injury and a higher number of comorbidities was identified in this review. This is despite the heterogeneous nature of impairment groups and factors/measures examined. However, the relevance of some predictors of RTAC (such as patient demographics, invasive devices and primary diagnoses) may be dependent on rehabilitation setting, impairment group or time between rehabilitation admission and RTAC (eg, below 3 vs 30 days). Consequently, findings of this integrative review highlight that RTAC is a complex, multifactorial patient issue with a complex interplay between the predictors and reasons for RTAC.

Level of Evidence

IV
Hydrophobic polyurethane polyHIPEs templated from mannitol within nonaqueous high internal phase emulsions for oil spill recovery
Authors: Zhang Tao , Gui Haoguan , Xu Zhiguang , Zhao Yan
Published: May 2019

Although amphiphilicity is an integral component for the applications of polyHIPEs (PHs), it is challenging to produce hydrophobic PHs from hydrophilic monomers. Herein, hydrophobic polyurethane (PU) PHs have been fabricated from a water‐soluble mannitol within block copolymer surfactant‐stabilized, nonaqueous high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs). These highly porous, interconnected, macroporous PU PHs were hydrophobic with water contact angles between 102° and 140°, demonstrating that water‐soluble monomers could be used for fabrication of hydrophobic PHs. The block copolymer surfactant acted not only as the HIPE stabilizer, but also as a monomer, enhancing hydrophobicity and overcoming some drawbacks imposed by conventional inert stabilizers. The solvents used for PU PH synthesis and purification were easily recovered and reused, showing that nonaqueous HIPE templating for PU PH preparation is an efficient and facile route. The PU PHs were investigated for oil spill reclamation and they were demonstrated to be an ideal candidate for such an application. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1315–1321
A systematic review of the effectiveness of physical activity interventions in adults with breast cancer by physical activity type and mode of participation
Authors: Abdin Shanara , Lavallée Jacqueline F. , Faulkner James , Husted Margaret
Published: May 2019

Objectives

Engaging in physical activity following a diagnosis in breast cancer patients improves both survival rates and psychosocial health outcomes. The factors influencing the effectiveness of physical activity interventions for breast cancer patients remain unclear. This systematic review focuses on two questions: are there differences in outcomes depending on; the mode of physical activity undertaken; and whether group‐based, or individual, programmes are proposed.

Methods

Five databases were searched (PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Central). Randomised control trials were included if they reported an intervention aiming to increase physical activity amongst breast cancer patients. A total of 1561 records were screened with 17 studies identified for final inclusion. Data extraction and risk of bias analysis were undertaken. A meta‐analysis was not possible due to methodological differences between studies.

Results

Findings indicate no evident differences in outcomes based on exercise mode adopted. There are some indications that group interventions may have additional beneficial outcomes, in comparison to individual interventions, but this conclusion cannot be drawn definitively due to confounds within study designs, lack of group‐based intervention designs, and overall lack of long‐term intervention effects.

Conclusions

Although there are no indications of negative intervention effects, only 6 of 17 trials demonstrated significant intervention effects were maintained. Greater transparency in reporting of interventions, and research enabling a comparison of physical activity delivery and mode is needed to determine optimum physical activity interventions to maintain patient physical activity and outcomes.
Atomic Scale Design, Structure and Stability of Quantum Nanowires Located on Epitaxial Interfaces and Free‐Standing in Space
Authors: Michailov Michail
Published: May 2019

Metal nanowires excite remarkable academic curiosity as physical systems with confined geometry, reduced dimensionality, and peculiar quantum properties. The exotic features of the nanowires are strongly dependent on their size, shape and morphology, and therefore detailed knowledge of the nanowire fine atomic structure is indispensable. The present paper gives an overview on the problem of structural instability, spontaneous breakdown, and complete disintegration of metal nanowires located on epitaxial interfaces or free‐standing in space. The introduced new physical model reveals specific multi‐step vacancy‐mediated mechanism of thermaly activated nanowire rupture. Accounting for the impact of essential physical quantities on the nanowire instability including system temperature, number of defects, lattice mismatch, interface anisotropy, atomic interactions, ridgidity and flexibility, this model identify a general scenario of nanowire decomposition. The complete rupture kinetics of monatomic nanowire breakdown is described by a set of rate equations and on that background expressions are derived for physically important and experimentally accessible quantities including time‐dependent probability for nanowire breakdown and nanowire mean lifetime. The presented ensemble of studies contributes to a new type atomic‐scale design of epitaxial interfaces, giving insight into thermal instability, rupture mechanism and fine tuning of the structural, morphological and thermodynamic properties of a large variety of metal nanowires.
Two‐Step Self‐Assembly CdS/g‐C3N4 Heterostructure Composites with Higher Photocatalytic Performance Under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Zhang Nan , Li Xuefei , Yang Jinghai , Yang Yuzhe , Chen Xi , Wang Yue , Wu Xingtong
Published: May 2019

Different percentages of CdS/g‐C3N4 heterostructure composite photocatalysts are fabricated to promote the visible light‐driven photocatalytic performance via a two‐step self‐assembly procedure. The prepared samples are studied by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV–Vis diffuse reflection spectra (DRS), steady‐state and time‐resolved photoluminence. In the photocatalytic experiment, the CdS/g‐C3N4 heterostructure composites display higher photocatalytic performance, which is proved by considering Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. The g‐C3N4 mass ratios of CdS/g‐C3N4 are adjusted, 5 wt% of g‐C3N4 as sample CdS/g‐C3N4‐5 (CN5) displayed excellent photocatalytic performance. The degradation of RhB reaches 95% within 150 min under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic performance of the CdS/g‐C3N4 heterostructure composites are increased because of the cooperative effects between CdS and g‐C3N4 and the well‐matched band gap structure. These facilitate effective separation of charges and effectively reduced electron–hole recombination, resulting in the higher photocatalytic performance.
Enhanced Phonon‐Drag Thermopower of Ballistic Semiconducting Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Near the Second Subband Edge
Authors: Tsaousidou Margarita
Published: May 2019

The phonon‐drag thermopower, Sg, of semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes is calculated in the ballistic transport regime when two energy subbands become populated. Previous theoretical studies of Sg in these systems are restricted to the quantum limit (only the ground 1D subband was occupied). The carrier transport is described within the Landauer–Büttiker formalism while phonons are treated semiclassically. Numerical simulations of Sg as a function of Fermi level and temperature are presented. It is found that strong peaks of Sg, of the order of mV K−1, occur when the Fermi level approaches the edge of the second subband. Quite remarkably these peaks persist at temperatures as high as 300 K.
Stationary Light in Atomic Media
Authors: Everett Jesse L. , Higginbottom Daniel B. , Campbell Geoff T. , Lam Ping Koy , Buchler Ben C.
Published: May 2019

When ensembles of atoms interact with coherent light fields, a great many interesting and useful effects can be observed. In particular, the group velocity of the coherent fields can be modified dramatically. Electromagnetically induced transparency is perhaps the best known example, giving rise to very slow light. Careful tuning of the optical fields can also produce stored light where a light field is mapped completely into a coherence of the atomic ensemble. In contrast to stored light, in which the optical field is extinguished, stationary light is a bright field of light with a group velocity of zero. Stationary light has applications in situations where it is important to maintain an optical field, such as attempts to engineer large nonlinear interactions. In this paper, the stationary light demonstrations published to date are reviewed and a unified theoretical framework that describes the experimental observations is provided. Possible applications of stationary light are also discussed, with a particular focus on all‐optical phase gates for quantum information technology.
Resolution of protein hydrogen/deuterium exchange by fitting amide exchange probabilities to the peptide isotopic envelopes
Authors: Babić Darko , Kazazić Saša , Smith David M.
Published: May 2019

Rationale

Mass spectra processing in protein hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange has been remarkably improved by the introduction of fitting of the amide exchange probabilities to peptide isotopic envelope intensities (Kan et al., 2013), in contrast to methods in which only the peptide deuterium uptakes (centroid shifts of isotopic envelopes) are used. However, the known implementations are based on the general fitting routines that use only the objective function values. Besides, applicability of more than one fitting method makes necessary their comparative evaluation.

Methods

Two fitting methods were considered: the common least squares and the fitting of the multinomial distribution representing the number of deuterium atoms exchanged in the individual peptides. Both methods were applied either directly to the isotopic envelope data or to the deuterium distributions obtained by envelope deconvolution (i.e. de‐isotoping).

Results

An autonomous Matlab script was prepared, based on the exact expressions for the gradient and Hessian of the objective function, with the trust‐region algorithm implemented in the compact analytical form recently made available. The least‐squares fitting to the envelope data produced the best results, with the greatest precision and good coverage of exact values by the confidence intervals. The deuterium distributions were sensitive to the (simulated) experimental error whose progression by envelope deconvolution caused degradation in accuracy. The multinomial distribution fitting exhibited poor performance due to inadequate representation of the experimental error and missing of the appropriate weight parameters. Some specific peptide arrangement details were discussed as potential sources of ambiguity in the fitting results.

Conclusions

The method of fitting to peptide isotopic envelopes has been improved by using the exact gradient and Hessian of the objective function. The fitting should be repeated with different initial guesses in order to find not only the global minimum, but also the local minima with similar depths which may exist due to eventual ambiguity of the fitting results.
Risk diversification gains from metropolitan housing assets
Authors: Huang MeiChi
Published: May 2019

The study analyzes the roles of metropolitan housing assets in risk diversification by assessing intertemporal hedging demands for multi‐asset portfolios, which include metropolitan houses, REITs, stocks, bonds, and riskless assets. Investors substitute housing assets in high‐population MSAs with those in low‐population cities, and they switch their holdings of housing assets to less risky bonds in the 2007–2008 housing bust. The findings from the multi‐period portfolio choice problem provide evidence for momentum reversal since forward‐looking investors substitute bottom metropolitan housing assets for top ones in the housing boom, and the GTTB index and the lagged REIT price return have negative impacts on various asset returns.
Adaptive finite‐time stabilization of nonlinearly parameterized systems subject to mismatching disturbances
Authors: Min Huifang , Xu Shengyuan , Gu Jason , Zhang Zhengqiang
Published: May 2019

This paper gives a first try to the finite‐time control for nonlinear systems with unknown parametric uncertainty and external disturbances. The serious uncertainties generated by unknown parameters are compensated by skillfully using an adaptive control technique. Exact knowledge of the upper bounds of the disturbances is removed by employing a disturbance observer–based control method. Then, based on the disturbance observer–based control, backstepping technique, finite‐time adaptive control, and Lyapunov stability theory, a composite adaptive state‐feedback controller is strictly designed and analyzed, which guarantees the closed‐loop system to be practically finite‐time stable. Finally, both the practical and numerical examples are presented and compared to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Design and Validation of an Automated Process for the Expansion of Peripheral Blood-Derived CD34+ Cells for Clinical Use After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Saucourt Claire , Vogt Sandrine , Merlin Amandine , Valat Christophe , Criquet Anthony , Harmand Laurence , Birebent Brigitte , Rouard Hélène , Himmelspach Christian , Jeandidier Éric , Chartois-Leauté Anne-Gaële , Derenne Sophie , Koehl Laurence , Salem Joe-Elie , Hulot Jean-Sébastien , Tancredi Céline , Aries Anne , Judé Sébastien , Martel Eric , Richard Serge , Douay Luc , Hénon Philippe
Published: May 2019

We previously demonstrated that intracardiac delivery of autologous peripheral blood-derived CD34+ stem cells (SCs), mobilized by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and collected by leukapheresis after myocardial infarction, structurally and functionally repaired the damaged myocardial area. When used for cardiac indication, CD34+ cells are now considered as Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs). We have industrialized their production by developing an automated device for ex vivo CD34+-SC expansion, starting from a whole blood (WB) sample. Blood samples were collected from healthy donors after G-CSF mobilization. Manufacturing procedures included: (a) isolation of total nuclear cells, (b) CD34+ immunoselection, (c) expansion and cell culture recovery in the device, and (d) expanded CD34+ cell immunoselection and formulation. The assessment of CD34+ cell counts, viability, and immunophenotype and sterility tests were performed as quality tests. We established graft acceptance criteria and performed validation processes in three cell therapy centers. 59.4 × 106 ± 36.8 × 106 viable CD34+ cells were reproducibly generated as the final product from 220 ml WB containing 17.1 × 106 ± 8.1 × 106 viable CD34+ cells. CD34+ identity, genetic stability, and telomere length were consistent with those of basal CD34+ cells. Gram staining and mycoplasma and endotoxin analyses were negative in all cases. We confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of both CD34+-cell categories in experimental acute myocardial infarct (AMI) in immunodeficient rats during preclinical studies. This reproducible, automated, and standardized expansion process produces high numbers of CD34+ cells corresponding to the approved ATMP and paves the way for a phase I/IIb study in AMI, which is currently recruiting patients. Stem Cells Translational Medicine  2019;8:822–832
System Dynamics Review and publications 1985–2017: analysis, synthesis and contributions
Authors: Torres Juan P.
Published: May 2019

System Dynamics Review (SDR) is an important journal for the system dynamics field and its researchers. This article offers a systematic review of the system dynamics articles published in SDR and other related academic journals between 1985 and 2017. The study classifies the material by using a bibliometric analysis of 498 articles in SDR and 943 articles in other journals that are included in the Web of Science database. The results suggest that the most cited authors within SDR have published research in three broad areas: (i) model validity (confidence), tests, and other similar formal procedures; (ii) the modeling of dynamic problems of wide interest; and (iii) group model building. In other journals, an additional stream of system dynamics research proves to be highly influential. This stream focuses on better understanding and improving the process of dynamic decision making, addressing topics such as organizational learning and feedback misperceptions.

© 2019 System Dynamics Society
Effective Exciton Dissociation and Reduced Charge Recombination in Thick‐Film Organic Solar Cells via Incorporation of Insulating Polypropylene
Authors: Wang Tong , Yang Xiao-Yu , Bi Peng-Qing , Niu Meng-Si , Feng Lin , Liu Jian-Qiang , Hao Xiao-Tao
Published: May 2019

In organic solar cells (OSCs), the sensitivity of device performance to active layer thickness is a limiting factor for the large‐scale manufacture and roll‐to‐roll production. To reduce the thickness‐dependent effects, a low‐cost insulating polypropylene (PP) material is incorporated into the system with a high crystallinity donor, poly[(2,6‐(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene))‐alt‐(5,5‐(1′,3′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐5′,7′‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)benzo[1′,2′‐c:4′,5′‐c′]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione))]:[6,6]‐phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PBDB‐T:PC71BM) and the system with a low crystallinity donor, poly[[4,8‐bis[(2ethylhexyl)oxy]‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl][3‐fluoro‐2‐[(2‐ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno‐[3,4b]thiophenediyl] (PTB7):PC71BM. The devices based on PBDB‐T:PC71BM:PP (2 wt%) show a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.6% at a thickness of 280 nm compared with the control device with a PCE of 7% at a thickness of 100 nm. The change is mainly due to the enhancement of the crystallinity of donors with high crystallinity. PTB7:PC71BM with 4 wt% PP shows higher PCE than the control device for the same thickness (100–300 nm) and reduced PCE with increasing thickness. These are mainly due to the reduced PC71BM aggregation. The optimization of crystallinity and morphology will further promote effective exciton dissociation, accelerated charge transport, and reduced charge recombination. It indicates that the low cost and simple method of adding PP is a promising option for roll‐to‐roll production in the future.
Liquid Crystal Molecule as “Binding Agent” Enables Superior Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with High Fill Factor
Authors: Tao Li , Wang Zhiyuan , Duan Keyu , Yang Jieqin , Zhang Bing , Ma Guokun , Zhang Jun , Wang Hao , Dai Songyuan
Published: May 2019

Hybrid perovskites have rapidly emerged as highly promising optoelectronic materials for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), whereas solution‐processed perovskite films usually contain a large amount of grain‐boundary network, which is unbeneficial for efficient film function, including charge transport and environmental stability. Herein, a liquid crystal (LC) molecule is first used as a “binding agent” to connect grains and fill grain boundaries of perovskite. The LC molecule (4′‐heptyl‐4‐biphenylcarbonitrile) interacts with PbI2 to control the crystal orientation for fine and oriented perovskite grains, which accelerates electron transport and enhances environmental stability. Consequently, compared with the pristine devices, the power conversion efficiency of the LC‐based device increases from 17.14% to 20.19% with a high fill factor (over 80%). Remarkably, the LC‐based PSCs retain 92% of their initial efficiency at 25 °C, and a relative humidity of 70% after 500 h, whereas the control samples are almost degraded completely under the same conditions.
Maternal exposure causes mitochondrial dysfunction in brain, liver, and heart of mouse fetus: An explanation for perfluorooctanoic acid induced abortion and developmental toxicity
Authors: Salimi Ahmad , Nikoosiar Jahromi Mahnia , Pourahmad Jalal
Published: May 2019

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is an octanoic acid and is found in wildlife and humans. We have investigated mitochondrial toxicity in isolated mitochondria from, placenta, brain, liver, and heart after oral exposure with PFOA in mice during gestational days (7‐15). Histopathological examination and mitochondrial toxicity parameters were assayed. Results indicated that PFOA decreased the weight of the fetus and placenta, the length of the fetus and the diameter of the placenta, dead fetuses and dead macerated fetuses in treated mice with 25 mg/kg. Histopathological examination showed that PFOA induced pathological abnormalities in liver, brain, heart, and placenta. Also, PFOA induced mitochondria toxicity in brain, liver, heart of mouse fetus. Our results indicate that PFOA up to 20 mg/kg exposure adversely affect embryofetal/developmental because for mitochondria dysfunction. These results suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction induced by PFOA in liver, heart, and brain lead to developmental toxicity and abnormality in tissues.
A very heavy sneutrino as viable thermal dark matter candidate in U(1)′ extensions of the MSSM
Authors: Drees Manuel , Ferreira Felipe A. Gomes
Published: May 2019

Abstract

We study the Standard Model singlet (“right-handed”) sneutrino

$$ {\tilde{\nu}}_R $$

ν
˜

R

dark matter in a class of U(1)′ extensions of the MSSM that originate from the breaking of the E
6 gauge group. These models, which are referred to as UMSSM, contain three right-handed neutrino superfields plus an extra gauge boson Z′ and an additional SM singlet Higgs with mass ≃ M

Z
′, together with their superpartners. In the UMSSM the right sneutrino is charged under the extra U(1)′ gauge symmetry; it can therefore annihilate via gauge interactions. In particular, for

$$ {M}_{{\tilde{\nu}}_R}\simeq {M}_{Z\prime }/2 $$

M

ν
˜

R

≃

M

Z
′

/
2

the sneutrinos can annihilate by the exchange of (nearly) on-shell gauge or Higgs bosons. We focus on this region of parameter space. For some charge assignment we find viable thermal

$$ {\tilde{\nu}}_R $$

ν
˜

R

dark matter for mass up to ∼ 43 TeV. This is the highest mass of a good thermal dark matter candidate in standard cosmology that has so far been found in an explicit model. Our result can also be applied to other models of spin−0 dark matter candidates annihilating through the resonant exchange of a scalar particle. These models cannot be tested at the LHC, nor in present or near-future direct detection experiments, but could lead to visible indirect detection signals in future Cherenkov telescopes.
Correction to: Risk Factors and Complications for Revision Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Leong Natalie L. , Sumner Shelby , Gowd Anirudh K. , Nicholson Gregory P. , Romeo Anthony A. , Verma Nikhil N.
Published: May 2019

The name of author Anirudh K. Gowd was listed incorrectly in the original article. It is corrected here.
Control of skunk-vine (Paederia foetidaL.) with preemergence and postemergence herbicides in central Florida during the winter season
Authors: Marble S. Christopher , Chandler Annette
Published: May 2019

Skunk-vine (Paederia foetidaL.) is an invasive vine native to eastern and southern Asia and is widely distributed in Florida, Hawaii, and other southeastern U.S. states; however, little research has focused on herbicide control. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine efficacy of aminocyclopyrachlor, aminopyralid, fluroxypyr, glyphosate, imazapic, triclopyr amine, and triclopyr ester at low and high labeled rates when foliar applied toP. foetidaat various growth stages in greenhouse experiments. Longer-term control was evaluated in field experiments in central Florida using the same herbicides. PRE herbicides labeled for use in landscape plantings, including dimethenamid-P, flumioxazin, indaziflam, isoxaben, and prodiamine, were also evaluated in greenhouse trials by seeding containers withP. foetidaseed. In greenhouse experiments, POST herbicides, including aminocyclopyrachlor, aminopyralid, glyphosate, both triclopyr formulations, and the high rate of fluroxypyr (0.24 kg ae ha−1), provided >90% control across all growth stages at 4 mo after treatment with no regrowth observed. Imazapic provided 49% to 89% control, with efficacy decreasing withP. foetidasize, and generally provided less control than other treatments. Field experiments confirmed results from greenhouse studies. In PRE trials, flumioxazin and prodiamine provided better control than all other PRE herbicides evaluated, reducing shoot weights by 99% and 84%, respectively, compared with nontreated controls. Our data suggest all herbicides evaluated POST could potentially be used to manageP. foetida, although less control was achieved with imazapic compared with other herbicides. Further research is needed to determine herbicide efficacy on more mature plants and to develop application methods that would be less injurious to non-target vegetation. In landscapes, flumioxazin or prodiamine could be used for PRE control, but POST options that are labeled for landscape use should be identified in future research.
Bone histology of Azendohsaurus laaroussii: Implications for the evolution of thermometabolism in Archosauromorpha
Authors: Cubo Jorge , Jalil Nour-Eddine
Published: May 2019

This paper is aimed at constraining the phylogenetic frame of the acquisition of endothermy by Archosauromorpha. We analyzed the bone histology of Azendohsaurus laaroussii. Stylopodial and zeugopodial bones show three tissue types: (1) avascular lamellar zonal bone formed at low growth rates; (2) a scaffold of parallel-fibered bone containing either small primary osteons or simple vascular canals; and (3) fibrolamellar bone formed at high growth rates. We used quantitative histology to infer the thermometabolic regime of this taxon. We define endothermy as the presence of any mechanism of nonshivering thermogenesis that increases both body temperature and resting metabolic rate. Thus, estimating the resting metabolic rate of an extinct organism may be a good proxy to infer its thermometabolic regime (endothermy vs. ectothermy). High resting metabolic rates have been shown to be primitive for the clade Prolacerta–Archosauriformes. Therefore, we inferred the resting metabolic rates of A. laaroussii, a sister group of this clade, and of 14 extinct related taxa, using phylogenetic eigenvector maps. All the inferences obtained are included in the range of variation of resting metabolic rates measured in mammals and birds, so we can reasonably assume that all these taxa (including Azendohsaurus) were endotherms. A parsimony optimization of the presence of endothermy on a phylogenetic tree of tetrapods shows that this derived character state was acquired by the last common ancestor of the clade Azendohsaurus–Archosauriformes and that there is a reversion in Crocodylia.
Introduction of the Boxtel Formation and implications for the Quaternary lithostratigraphy of the Netherlands
Authors: Schokker J. , Weerts H.J.T. , Westerhoff W.E. , Berendsen H.J.A. , den Otter C.
Published: May 2019

Application of the traditional lithostratigraphic framework to subdivide the Middle- and Upper-Quaternary locally-derived fine-grained deposits in the Netherlands is problematic. Deposits of many formations cannot be distinguished from each other based on lithological characteristics and stratigraphie position alone. To overcome this problem, we present a new, well-defined lithostratigraphy for these deposits, based on detailed research in the central part of the Roer Valley Graben. This area contains an up to 35 m-thick sedimentary record of Middle- and Upper-Quaternary sand, loam and peat deposits. These have mainly been formed by aeolian and small-scale fluvial processes and have been preserved as a result of tectonic subsidence. The traditional lithostratigraphic subdivision of these deposits into three formations (Eindhoven Formation, Asten Formation and Twente Formation) was based on a combination of litho-, bio- and chronostratigraphic evidence and the presumed widespread presence of a horizon of organic-rich interglacial sediments of Eemian age. To avoid intermingling of criteria regarding lithological characteristics, genesis and age, we now incorporate all fine-grained sediments into the new Boxtel Formation. The implications for the lithostratigraphic framework in other parts of the country are explored and discussed. Eight lithostratigraphic members are introduced that describe the most characteristic parts of the formation. To fully illustrate the sedimentary sequence in the Roer Valley Graben, two new members are defined here. The Best Member incorporates alternating floodloam deposits and sandy aeolian deposits in the lower part of the Boxtel Formation. The Liempde Member includes reworked aeolian loess and sandy loess deposits (‘Brabant loam’) that occur in the upper part of the sedimentary sequence.
Downstream changes of meandering styles in the lower reaches of the River Vecht, the Netherlands
Authors: Wolfert H.P. , Maas G.J.
Published: May 2019

The morphodynamics of the lower River Vecht, the Netherlands, and the influence of geomorphological setting and bank composition on meander migration were studied by means of reconstructing the pre-channelization landform configuration on a scale of 1 : 25,000, using historical maps from 1720, 1850 and 1890 A.D. and other data.

A downstream sequence of reaches was observed, each with a typical fluvial style and channel migration rate: (a) a narrow meander belt and a highly sinuous channel with intermediate migration rate, in the middle of an extensive floodbasin; (b) a wide meander belt and high rates of lateral channel migration, especially where large meanders impinged upon valley bluffs, as part of an incised setting; (c) a low sinuosity, embanked channel with low rates of downstream migration because of confinement by dikes, occurring in an inland delta with sandy sediments.

Local variation in meander migration rates was observed within reach B. This was caused by the spatial variability of bank resistance as reflected by the width-depth ratio of the channel and the silt-clay ratios of deposits. River banks are: 1) very erodible when consisting of channel deposits, aeolian dune deposits or when coarse fluvio-periglacial deposits occur at their base; 2) erodible when dominated by overbank deposits or aeolian sand sheet deposits; 3) resistant when a plaggen-layer is exposed; and 4) very resistant when dominated by floodbasin deposits.

These implications of meander variability enable to assess the effects of the rehabilitation of the meandering process.
Opposite hysteresis of sand and gravel transport upstream and downstream of a bifurcation during a flood in the River Rhine, the Netherlands
Authors: Kleinhans M.G. , Wilbers A.W.E. , ten Brinke W.B.M.
Published: May 2019

At river bifurcations water and sediment is divided among the downstream branches. Prediction of the sediment transport rate and division thereof at bifurcations is of utmost importance for understanding the evolution of the bifurcates for short-term management purposes and for long-term fluvial plain development. However, measured sediment transports in rivers rarely show a uniquely determined relation with hydrodynamic parameters. Commonly a hysteresis is observed of transport rate as a function of discharge or shear stress which cannot be explained with the standard sediment transport predictor approach. The aim of this paper is to investigate the causes of hysteresis at a bifurcation of the lower Rhine river, a meandering river with stable banks, large dunes during flood, and poorly sorted bed sediment. The hydrodynamics and bed sediment transport were measured in detail during a discharge wave with a recurrence interval larger than 10 years. Surprisingly, the hysteresis in bedload against discharge was in the opposite direction upstream and downstream of the bifurcation. The upstream clockwise hysteresis is caused by the lagging development of dunes during the flood. The counter-clockwise hysteresis downstream of the bifurcation is caused by a combination of processes in addition to dune lagging, namely 1) formation of a scour zone upstream of the bifurcation, causing a migrating fine sediment wave, and 2) vertical bed sorting of the bed sediment by dunes with avalanching lee-sides, together leading to surface-sediment fining and increased transport during and after the flood. These findings lead to challenges for future morphological models, particularly for bifurcations, which will have to deal with varying discharge, sediment sorting in the channel bed, lagging dunes and related hydraulic roughness.
ORIGINS AND ARCHITECTS OF YEMEN'S JOINT MEETING PARTIES
Authors: Browers Michaelle
Published: May 2019

This article analyzes the origins and significance of cooperation among ideologically diverse
forces in Yemen's Joint Meeting Parties. In response to studies that posit a causal relationship
between political inclusion and political moderation, I argue that forging those interpersonal
and conceptual relationships that initiated and bound together actors from traditionally opposed
parties, such as the Yemeni Reform Gathering and the Yemeni Socialist Party, has been as much a
result of marginalization as inclusion. Further, cooperation in this case cannot be attributed solely
to changing structural relations but has also required changes in thinking by key individuals. They
have developed and justified new strategies to account for changes in political practices, often
facing down opposition from other forces within their own parties that are intent on maintaining
old strategies.
A “YOUNG TURK” ISLAMIC INTELLECTUAL: FILIBELI AHMED HILMI AND THE DIVERSE INTELLECTUAL LEGACIES OF THE LATE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
Authors: Bein Amit
Published: May 2019

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PROBLEMATIZING A PALESTINIAN DIASPORA
Authors: Peteet Julie
Published: May 2019

This paper critically examines the term “diaspora” to describe contemporary Palestinian society.
Exploring academic scholarship on diaspora more generally, and theway Palestinians can or cannot
be subsumed by this conceptualization, opens the way for a critique of the concept itself. The goal
is to complicate the notion of a Palestinian diaspora rather than to accept it as an unquestioned
categorization. Focusing on demographic, spatial, and legal phenomena, in particular refugees'
legal identity, provides a broad lens through which to probe the term's appropriateness in the
Palestinian context. What are the political ramifications of assuming a Palestinian diaspora? Does
an insistence on the right of return represent a refusal of diaspora?
PROBLEMATIZING A PALESTINIAN DIASPORA
Authors: Peteet Julie
Published: May 2019

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Micronutrient deficiencies: current issues
Authors: Magee Pamela J. , McCann Mary T.
Published: May 2019

Micronutrient deficiencies are of growing public health concern. An understanding of how micronutrient deficiencies affect health and measures that can be taken to improve micronutrient status are essential to improve population health. The main purpose of the 2018 Irish Section Meeting ‘Targeted approaches to tackling current nutritional issues’ was to provide an overview of current issues in relation to micronutrient status at various stages of the lifecycle. Novel biomarkers of nutrient status, global strategies to improve micronutrient status and implications for policy were also considered. The papers presented demonstrated recent advancements in this field and highlighted areas that warrant priority at the public health level, on both a national and global scale. Novel methods and biomarkers are being developed that will enhance the assessment of micronutrient status in specific population groups. It is evident that mild-to-moderate deficiency, or low status (in the absence of deficiency), of some micronutrients have important ramifications for public health that should be considered alongside the implications of severe deficiency. It is imperative that policy makers, public health workers and scientists work together to ensure that sustainable programmes are implemented to address micronutrient deficiencies at the population level.
Do music festival communities address environmental sustainability and how? A Scottish case study
Authors: Brennan Matt , Scott Jo Collinson , Connelly Angela , Lawrence Gemma
Published: May 2019

This article discusses the findings of an Arts and Humanities Research Council project researching how music festival communities in Scotland can address issues of environmental sustainability and climate change. It investigates how music festival communities are constructed with a focus on what role, if any, they might play in responding to the global challenge of environmental sustainability. Using music festivals in Scotland as a case study, we employed a variety of research methods to interrogate different constituents in music festival communities about their views and behaviours regarding climate change and environmental sustainability. These included festival audiences via onsite questionnaires; festival organisers and promoters via interviews and focus groups; and musicians via creative practice-led research. We conclude that rather than necessarily being a site for progressive or utopian socio-cultural experimentation (as they are occasionally portrayed in festival literature), music festival communities engage in complex and often contradictory behaviours when it comes to responding to – and making sense of – their own complicity in social challenges such as climate change.
A sound track to ecological crisis: tracing guitars all the way back to the tree
Authors: Gibson Chris
Published: May 2019

Analyses of music and environment are proliferating, yet new conceptions are needed to make sense of growing ecological crisis in the Anthropocene. From an empirical project tracing guitars all the way back to the tree, I argue for deeper conceptual and empirical integration of music into the material and visceral processes that constitute ecological crisis itself. Musicians are not only inspired by environmental concerns for compositional or activist purposes. They are entangled in environmental crisis through material and embodied relations with ecosystems, especially via the musical instruments we depend upon. I foreground three ‘more-than-musical’ themes to make sense of unfurling forces: materiality, corporeality and volatility. Musical instruments are gateway objects that invite contemplation of material and corporal relations. Such relations bind together musicians and non-human others. Material and corporeal relations with increasingly threatened upstream forests, and endangered tree species, are being confronted and reconfigured. In the context of ecological crisis, guitars do much more than make pleasing acoustic sounds. Via guitars we co-generate, with non-human others, a sound track of crisis both melancholy and hopeful.
Retour à Waterloo. Histoire militaire et théorie des jeux
Authors: Mongin Philippe
Published: May 2019

L’article propose d’appliquer à l’histoire militaire et, plus précisément, aux récits de campagne à la manière de Clausewitz, les modèles venus des théories mathématiques des jeux et de la décision. Il illustre la méthode en revenant sur la campagne de Waterloo et les hypothèses qu’a suscitées l’échec de Napoléon chez les historiens. Ils ne s’accordent pas sur le sens rationnel de la décision qu’il prit le 17 juin 1815 de lancer le détachement de Grouchy contre les Prussiens battus le 16 à Ligny, mais la théorie des jeux permet dans une certaine mesure de les départager. Une fois obtenu ce résultat, l’article se développe sur le plan réflexif et méthodologique. Il compare les objections qu’on peut faire à sa formalisation et celles déjà élevées contre l’école du « récit analytique », puis amplifiant ses réponses, il examine le conflit des modèles mathématisés du choix rationnel avec le récit, mode d’expression canonique de l’historien. La réconciliation qu’il propose finalement se fonde sur une analyse des concepts de narration, de récit explicatif et de modèle.
Pouvoir et propriété dans l’entreprise. Pour une histoire internationale des sociétés à responsabilité limitée
Authors: Guinnane Timothy W. , Harris Ron , Lamoreaux Naomi R. , Rosenthal Jean-Laurent
Published: May 2019

Une longue tradition admet la supériorité de la société anonyme comme forme d’organisation. Une autre, plus récente, estime que les systèmes juridiques anglo-américains donnent aux investisseurs une meilleure protection que les systèmes de droit civil. Cet article remet en cause ces deux idées. Il s’intéresse à l’introduction des sociétés à responsabilité limitée en France, en Allemagne, au Royaume-Uni et aux États-Unis à la fin du XIXe siècle et au XXe siècle. Ces sociétés combinent les avantages de la personnalité juridique et de la société par actions avec des règles de gouvernance interne flexibles. Sont ainsi évités la menace de dissolution inhérente aux sociétés en partenariat et le danger propre aux sociétés anonymes d’une oppression des minoritaires. La SARL fut introduite avec succès d’abord en Allemagne, régie par un code juridique, et en dernier lieu seulement aux États-Unis, pays où domine la common law. La SARL fut partout privilégiée par les sociétés petites et moyennes, même dans les pays où les sociétés anonymes étaient faciles et peu coûteuses à créer et où les règles juridiques les régissant étaient assez légères.
Anthropologie du totalitarisme. Lectures de Vincent Descombes et Louis Dumont
Authors: de Lara Philippe
Published: May 2019

Y a-t-il une anthropologie du totalitarisme ? Louis Dumont a peu écrit sur le sujet, mais y portait un intérêt constant dans ses travaux. L’article montre que la théorie du totalitarisme est un problème crucial pour une oeuvre consacrée à une perspective comparative sur les sociétés modernes : le totalitarisme est selon Dumont « une maladie de la société moderne », et le totalitarisme et la modernité relèvent du même cadre d’analyse, « l’hybridation »de l’individualisme et du holisme. La première partie présente l’anthropologie de la modernité selon Dumont et sa portée philosophique, telle qu’elle apparaît dans une discussion avec Vincent Descombes. La deuxième partie présente et évalue les hypothèses d’une anthropologie du totalitarisme en les comparant à la théorie politique classique de Hannah Arendt.
Louis Dumont et le totalitarisme
Authors: Bensa Alban
Published: May 2019

Philippe de Lara, qui s’attache dans nombre de ses travaux à confronter certainstextes anthropologiques aux interrogations philosophiques, notamment à cellesde Ludwig Wittgenstein 1, engage ici une relecture et une mise en perspective desécrits de Louis Dumont. Invité par les Annales à réagir à cet essai, je me limiteraici-après à l’examen critique de l’interprétation, pour le moins originale, que propose L. Dumont du totalitarisme moderne.
La mer Égée au xviiesiècle: Parcours, liens familiaux et recomposition sociale
Authors: Sinarellis Maroula
Published: May 2019

La Méditerranée orientale forme un espace de relations d’une grande plasticité, structuré par d’importants déplacements d’individus et de familles qui affectent considérablement l’univers insulaire. Le passage de la domination latine au pouvoir ottoman constitue, entre la dernière décennie du xviesiècle et tout au long du xviiesiècle, un long processus marqué par l’aliénation des domaines seigneuriaux, la préservation des terres acquises avant l’arrivée des Ottomans, le renforcement de l’institution communautaire, la formation de nouveaux réseaux marchands, etc. Ce texte essaye de saisir les mécanismes de ces phénomènes par l’étude des parcours géographiques qui représentent un aspect de la mobilité sociale. La documentation notariale a permis de reconstituer toute sorte de liens entre familles traditionnelles et nouvellement arrivées (alliances, acquisition de terres, héritages, associations, différentes formes de solidarité et de conflits, etc.), ainsi que de mouvements croisés entre les îles. Entre ces liens et ces mouvements s’est construit une importante recomposition des élites insulaires. Cette modification du paysage social est suivie à travers, d’une part, l’histoire de deux familles et, de l’autre, le voyage en Italie d’un groupe d’étudiants. La notabilité des premières est le produit d’une intense mobilité spatiale, tandis que les déplacements des seconds mettent en évidence l’ampleur des parcours géographiques et l’apparition d’un nouveau profil de notable.