bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photovoltaic potential estimation for various surface components of urban residential buildings based on Industry Foundation Classes data
Authors: Lu Xiu , Li Guannan , Zhou Liangchen , Hao Lisha , Lv Guonian , Lin Bingxian
Published: August 2022

Installing photovoltaic (PV) equipment on the building's surface reduces greenhouse gas emissions and additional land acquisition. However, existing methods for estimating PV potential primarily focus on roofs and the assessment of facades and windows is not detailed. This study proposes a method based on the Building Information Model and its standard Industry Foundation Classes to effectively estimate the potential area and location of PV modules on the building's surface and explore the PV potential in detail. The method was applied to residential buildings in Xinyi County, China, and the results show that the annual average energy generated through windows (47,589.793 kWh/year), roofs (141,126.304 kWh), and facades (284,060.393 kWh) constitute a significant amount, particularly the facades, which show significant potential as sources of solar electricity even under the influence of shadows. The rationality and feasibility of this method were verified by comparing it with ArcGIS and other relevant studies available in the literature. Next, we assessed whether the installation of PV panels on the building's surface still has certain operability under the serious shadows. For this purpose, a building with serious shadow shading was selected to analyze the demand and supply of energy. The electricity consumption of the selected building was found to be 131,785.898 kWh/year, which is significantly lower than PV potential (310,632.775 kWh/year), as calculated in this study. Thus, the efficient use of the building's surface for PV generation can meet not only the local electrical energy demand but also the excess energy generated can be sold for economic gain. The method proposed can provide new insights to energy software designers and developers, and the results can provide a reference for energy investors, building owners, and engineers to focus on the installation of PV panels on facades and windows, and formulate complex schemes of PV modules on different building components.
A combined flux reconstruction and lattice Boltzmann flux solver for inviscid compressible flow simulation
Authors: Qin Jian , Wu Jie , Gu Xiangyu , Ma Chao
Published: August 2022

A numerical method, which combines the high order flux reconstruction (FR) and the lattice Boltzmann flux solver (LBFS), has been developed to solve inviscid compressible flows in this article. Extensive research has shown that LBFS has absorbed the advantages of both finite volume method (FVM) and lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). On one hand, compared with FVM, FR can achieve arbitrary high order accuracy and is compact for parallel computing by avoiding wide stencils on meshes, which shows FR is a better choice than FVM. On the other hand, different from the discrete velocity Boltzmann equation based methods, the present method, that is, FR‐LBFS, solves the Euler equations essentially, and then the calculation efficiency can be improved. In FR‐LBFS, the common inviscid flux at the cell interface is evaluated by the local reconstruction of the lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) solution from macroscopic flow variables at solution points. Unlike the traditional flux solution at the interface where the nonlinear convective terms have to be considered in the computation, the feature of linear convection term in LBE can make it easier to calculate flux in the current method. Furthermore, by considering real physical effects in LBM, the positive density and pressure can be achieved in the case of strong shocks and discontinuities. Some typical inviscid problems, including the advection of density perturbation, sod shock tube, Riemann problem for two‐dimensional gas dynamics, supersonic flow in a convergent nozzle with a ramp, subsonic flow around a cylinder, and transonic flow over a NACA0012 airfoil, are simulated to demonstrate the accuracies and robustness of the proposed FR‐LBFS.
Nutrient and popping characteristics of Wyoming‐grown Peruvian popping beans
Authors: Bolak Justin , Gifford Cody , Rule Dan , Heitholt Jim , Keith Jill F.
Published: August 2022

American consumers fall short of dietary fiber intake recommended by dietary guidelines. Beans provide protein and fiber, however, less than 14% of adults include them in their daily diets. Nuña beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), a class of common beans originated in South America and cultivated for growth in North America, possess a unique set of characteristics including flavor profile, popping ability, and nutrient content that may appeal to consumers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a unique line of Wyoming‐grown popping beans to (1) determine nutrient characteristics and (2) assess popping percentage and shelf stability. Crude protein content was determined for five lines grown in Wyoming utilizing the Dumas method for nitrogen quantification. Total fatty acid content and a fatty acid profile for one line (CO49957) was determined by gas–liquid chromatography. Popping percentage was assessed by heating beans in canola oil in a cast iron pan to induce popping. Storage duration impact on popping was evaluated on CO49957 at 6, 12, and 15 months after harvest. Crude protein content was significantly different between all five lines. Total fatty acid content of CO49957 averaged 2.90 g/100 g wet weight. Average fatty acid profile of CO49957 popped in canola oil comprised oleic acid (41.4%), linoleic acid (20.4%), α‐linolenic acid (18.6%), palmitic acid (10.4%), and stearic acid (2.23%). Popping percentage was 90% (baseline), 100% (6 months), 87% (12 months), and 80% (15 months). Popping beans provide plant‐based protein and fiber while maintaining adequate levels of popping percentage with prolonged storage.
Comparison of a multitarget blood test to ultrasound and alpha‐fetoprotein for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: Results of a network meta‐analysis
Authors: Singal Amit G. , Haaland Benjamin , Parikh Neehar D. , Ozbay A. Burak , Kirshner Carol , Chakankar Shubham , Porter Kyle , Chhatwal Jagpreet , Ayer Turgay
Published: August 2022

Ultrasound‐based surveillance has suboptimal sensitivity for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with cirrhosis. There are several emerging alternatives, including a novel multitarget HCC blood test (Mt‐HBT). We compared performance of mt‐HBT against ultrasound with or without alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) for early HCC detection in patients with cirrhosis. Per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, two reviewers searched PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and clinicaltrials.gov databases from January 1990 through December 2020 to identify studies reporting sensitivity and/or specificity of ultrasound and AFP for overall and early stage HCC detection in patients with cirrhosis. Mt‐HBT diagnostic performance was derived from a clinical validation study. A network meta‐analysis model was built for comparative assessment, and pooled estimates of sensitivity at a fixed specificity were estimated based on Bayesian binormal receiver operating characteristic models for each modality. Forty‐one studies (comprising 62,517 patients with cirrhosis) met inclusion criteria. Ultrasound‐alone sensitivity was 51.6% (95% credible interval [CrI], 43.3%–60.5%) for early stage HCC detection, which increased with the addition of AFP to 74.1% (95% CrI, 62.6%–82.4%); however, this was offset by decreased specificity (87.9% vs. 83.9%, respectively). With specificity fixed at 90%, mt‐HBT sensitivity for early stage HCC detection was higher than ultrasound alone (18.2%; 95% CrI, 0.2%–37.7%) and similar to ultrasound with AFP (−3.3%; 95% CrI, −22.3%–17.4%). Pairwise posterior probabilities suggested a preference for mt‐HBT over ultrasound alone in 97.4% of cases but only 36.3% of cases versus ultrasound with AFP. Conclusion: A blood‐based mt‐HBT has higher sensitivity than ultrasound alone for early stage HCC detection but similar sensitivity compared to ultrasound and AFP. Mt‐HBT could be a comparable alternative to existing methods for HCC surveillance in patients who are at risk.
Subsurface permeability contrasts control shallow groundwater flow dynamics in the critical zone of a glaciated, headwater catchment
Authors: Benton Joshua R. , McGuire Kevin J. , Schreiber Madeline E.
Published: August 2022

Groundwater flow direction within the critical zone of headwater catchments is often assumed to mimic land surface topographic gradients. However, groundwater hydraulic gradients are also influenced by subsurface permeability contrasts, which can result in variability in flow direction and magnitude. In this study, we investigated the relationship between shallow groundwater flow direction, surface topography, and the subsurface topography of low permeability units in a headwater catchment at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), NH. We continuously monitored shallow groundwater levels in the solum throughout several seasons in a well network (20 wells of 0.18–1.1 m depth) within the upper hillslopes of Watershed 3 of the HBEF. Water levels were also monitored in four deeper wells, screened from 2.4 to 6.9 m depth within glacial drift of the C horizon. We conducted slug tests across the well network to determine the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) of the materials surrounding each well. Results showed that under higher water table regimes, groundwater flow direction mimics surface topography, but under lower water table regimes, flow direction can deviate as much as 56 degrees from surface topography. Under these lower water table conditions, groundwater flow direction instead followed the topography of the top of the C horizon. The interquartile range of Ksat within the C horizon was two orders of magnitude lower than within the solum. Overall, our results suggest that the land surface topography and the top of the C horizon acted as end members defining the upper and lower bounds of flow direction variability. This suggests that temporal dynamics of groundwater flow direction should be considered when calculating hydrologic fluxes in critical zone and runoff generation studies of headwater catchments that are underlain by glacial drift.
Organochlorine pesticides induce epithelial as well as inflammatory mediators following exposure to human ovarian surface epithelial cells: An in vitro study
Authors: Shah Harendra K. , Banerjee Basu D. , Thakur Gaurav K. , Guleria Kiran
Published: August 2022

Although studies have suggested organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) exposure increased the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer, the mechanisms underlying its potential tumorigenic effects in the human ovary are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the impact of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), endosulfan, and heptachlor exposure on epithelial cadherin (E‐cadherin) and proinflammatory mediators in human ovary surface epithelial (HOSE) cells. We found that DDE, endosulfan, and heptachlor exposure resulted in epithelial differentiation accompanied by upregulation of E‐cadherin expression and overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL‐1β, and IL‐6) in HOSE cells. The epithelial differentiation may accelerate HOSE cells to inclusion body formation, a common site for ovarian cancer initiation and persistent exposure to OCPs creates a chronic inflammatory microenvironment that may promote the neoplastic transformation of HOSE cells within the inclusion cyst.
Variation in bacterial pneumonia diagnoses and outcomes among children hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections
Authors: Cotter Jillian M. , Hall Matt , Shah Samir S. , Molloy Matthew J. , Markham Jessica L. , Aronson Paul L. , Stephens John R. , Steiner Michael J. , McCoy Elisha , Collins Megan , Tchou Michael J.
Published: August 2022

Background

Current diagnostics do not permit reliable differentiation of bacterial from viral causes of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), which may lead to over‐treatment with antibiotics for possible bacterial community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Objectives

We sought to describe variation in the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial CAP among children hospitalized with LRTIs and determine the association between CAP diagnosis and outcomes.

Design, Setting and Participants

This multicenter cross‐sectional study included children hospitalized between 2017 and 2019 with LRTIs at 42 children's hospitals.

Main Outcome and Methods

We calculated the proportion of children with LRTIs who were diagnosed with and treated for bacterial CAP. After adjusting for confounders, hospitals were grouped into high, moderate, and low CAP diagnosis groups. Multivariable regression was used to examine the association between high and low CAP diagnosis groups and outcomes.

Results

We identified 66,581 patients hospitalized with LRTIs and observed substantial variation across hospitals in the proportion diagnosed with and treated for bacterial CAP (median 27%, range 12%–42%). Compared with low CAP diagnosing hospitals, high diagnosing hospitals had higher rates of CAP‐related revisits (0.6% [95% confidence interval: 0.5, 0.7] vs. 0.4% [0.4, 0.5], p = .04), chest radiographs (58% [53, 62] vs. 46% [41, 51], p = .02), and blood tests (43% [33, 53] vs. 26% [19, 35], p = .046). There were no significant differences in length of stay, all‐cause revisits or readmissions, CAP‐related readmissions, or costs.

Conclusion

There was wide variation across hospitals in the proportion of children with LRTIs who were treated for bacterial CAP. The lack of meaningful differences in clinical outcomes among hospitals suggests that some institutions may over‐diagnose and overtreat bacterial CAP.
Associated microbiota and treatment of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome complicated with infections
Authors: Zhang Yin , Huang Ying , Xu Yuanhong
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study is to assess the incidence and management of co‐infections in hospitalized severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus (SFTSV) patients. We retrospectively evaluated the microbiological database records of the SFTS patients in the first affiliated hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 1, 2018, to December 1, 2021. According to the obtained results, co‐infections including pulmonary infection, bloodstream infection, biliary tract infection, urinary tract infection, and abdominal infection were observed in SFTS patients. The incidence rate of fungal infections was found to be high in SFTS patients. Furthermore, we suggest that old age people should be evaluated for the risk of fungal infection. In comparison to the non‐infection group, patients in the co‐infection group were more likely to get mechanical ventilation, antibacterial treatment, antifungal treatment, and blood product therapy (p < 0.001), with a significantly longer length of stay (p < 0.05). In SFTS patients, the most prevalent strains were Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Candida, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli. In this investigation, 66.2% (106/160) of patients were given antibiotics, most often Piperacillin/tazobactam or minocycline. 15.6% (25/160) of patients were treated with antifungal drugs: 13.1% (21/160) with voriconazole. Patients with SFTS Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis (SAPA) received active antifungal treatment, but the mortality rate was still 23.5% (8/34). Only 6 of the 11 patients with SFTS Associated Candidiasis were treated with antifungal drugs with no mortality. Due to the high frequency of fungal pulmonary infection in SFTS patients, more standardized fungal detection program should be strengthened.
Lung–brain axis: Metabolomics and pathological changes in lungs and brain of respiratory syncytial virus‐infected mice
Authors: Mao Yu , Bajinka Ousman , Tang Zhongxiang , Qiu Xiangjie , Tan Yurong
Published: August 2022

The lung–brain axis is an emerging area of study that got its basis from the gut–brain axis biological pathway. Using Respiratory Synctial Virus (RSV) as the model of respiratory viral pathogen, this study aims to establish some biological pathways. After establishing the mice model, the inflammation in lung and brain were assayed using Hematoxylin‐eosin staining, indirect immunofluorescence (IFA), and quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. The biological pathways between lung and brain were detected through metabolomics analysis. In lung, RSV infection promoted epithelial shedding and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Also, RSV immunofluorescence and titerss were significantly increased. Moreover, interleukin (IL)‐1, IL‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) were also significantly increased after RSV infection. In brain, the cell structure of hippocampal CA1 area was loose and disordered. Inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and IL‐1β expression in the brain also increased, however, TNF‐α expression showed no differences among the control and RSV group. We observed an increased expression of microglia biomarker IBA‐1 and decreased neuronal biomarker NeuN. In addition, RSV mRNA expression levels were also increased in the brains. 15 metabolites were found upregulated in the RSV group including nerve‐injuring metabolite glutaric acid, hydroxyglutaric acid and Spermine. ɑ‐Estradiol increased significantly while normorphine decreased significantly at Day 7 of infection among the RSV group. This study established a mouse model for exploring the pathological changes in lungs and brains. There are many biological pathways between lung and brain, including direct translocation of RSV and metabolite pathway.
Locality determination of inky black omphacite jades from Myanmar and Guatemala by nondestructive analysis
Authors: Xing Biqian , Shi Guanghai , Long Taafee , Shih Meiyu
Published: August 2022

Locality identification of high‐quality inky black omphacite jades (inky jades) from Myanmar and Guatemala is becoming increasingly urgent. In this study, Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF) were performed to distinguish samples of inky jade from the two localities. The Raman spectra revealed the presence of several types of minor minerals in Guatemalan samples, including titanite, albite, orthoclase, taramite, celsian, and cymrite, whereas the Myanmar samples consisted almost entirely of omphacite. Taramite and lath‐like celsian occurred only in Guatemalan samples and had significance in locality tracing. The Raman and FTIR reflectance spectra of omphacite shifted to low wavenumbers in proportional to isomorphic substitution Na+Al3+ → Ca2+(Mg2+, Fe2+). Semiquantitative calculations based on the Raman (~680 cm−1) and IR modes (~658, ~576, and ~424 cm−1) showed consistent jadeite end‐member components (~43% to ~64%) in the Myanmar samples, whereas those (~23% to ~87.5%) of the Guatemalan samples were wider and generally lower. In addition, the full width at half maximum values (FWHMs) of Raman shifts near 680 cm−1 in the Myanmar samples (avg. 15.03 cm−1) were less than those (avg. 16.81 cm−1) of the Guatemalan specimens. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) based on Raman spectroscopy identified most samples with accuracy of 85.5%. Combined with results by EDXRF, these analyses revealed the characteristics of a relatively narrow range of Na+Al3+ → Ca2+Mg2+ isomorphism for the Myanmar jades and a more developed Na+Al3+ → Ca2+(Mg2+, Fe2+) isomorphism for the Guatemalan jades. This study might have implications for commercial applications, archeological research, and judicial expertise.
Physicochemical properties and transcriptional changes underlying the quality of ‘Gala’ apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) under atmosphere manipulation in long‐term storage
Authors: Dambros Juliele Ilone , Storch Tatiane Timm , Pegoraro Camila , Crizel Giseli Rodrigues , Gonçalves Breno Xavier , Quecini Vera , Fialho Flavio Bello , Rombaldi Cesar Valmor , Girardi César Luís
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

The year‐round availability of apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) depends on post‐harvest technologies, which are essential for the retention of fruit sensory and chemical properties by delaying senescence. The effectiveness of strategies for preserving the quality of apples depends on complex interactions between the storage environment and endogenous biological factors. In the current work, we integrated instrumental, sensory, and transcriptional data to determine the role of conservation technologies cold storage, controlled atmosphere, and 1‐methylcyclopropene‐mediated ethylene blockage on the long‐term conservation of apples.

RESULTS

The results demonstrated that inhibition of the consumer's perception of the apples’ ethylene content is essential for long‐term cold storage, and such quality conservation can be achieved by reducing oxygen pressure. Overall appreciation of apples after storage was determined mainly by their texture, with crispness and juiciness contributing favorably, and mealiness contributing negatively. Reduced oxygen pressure and inhibition of ethylene perception exerted distinct effects on the transcription of candidate genes associated with ripening in apple. Hexose and cell‐wall carbohydrate metabolism genes exhibit distinct expression patterns under storage.

CONCLUSION

Inhibition of ethylene perception and reduction of relative oxygen pressure under cold storage both promote similar conservation of apple sensory traits under long‐term cold storage. Texture was the main contributor to global appreciation of apples subjected to long‐term storage. The conditions that were investigated were able to delay, but not fully prevent, senescence, as evidenced by physicochemical and gene expression analyses. The expression of gene‐encoding enzymes involved in hexose metabolism was mainly developmentally regulated, whereas storage conditions exerted a stronger effect on the expression of genes associated with cell‐wall metabolism. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Dysphagia in patients with coronavirus disease undergoing orotracheal intubation
Authors: Almeida Vinícius Pereira Barbosa , Félix Letícia , Tavares Tracy Lima , da Silva Castro Mariana Marques , Tiago Romualdo Suzano Louzeiro
Published: August 2022

Objective

To assess the incidence and the risk factors for the development of dysphagia in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) undergoing orotracheal intubation.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, we evaluated consecutive patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 and underwent orotracheal intubation were evaluated. During hospitalization, extubated patients were classified as dysphagic and nondysphagic based on bedside functional assessment of swallowing. Patients discharged from hospital were asked to complete the Eating Assessment Tool‐10 (EAT‐10) questionnaire, followed by an endoscopic examination to identify laryngotracheal lesions, and a fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). The food consistencies used for FEES were moderately thick, extremely thick, thin, and regular.

Results

Based on the functional assessment of swallowing, performed a mean of 5.3 days and a median of 4 days after extubation, the incidence of dysphagia in patients with COVID‐19 undergoing orotracheal intubation was 53.6%. In the late evaluation, performed a mean of 102 days after extubation, 12.8% of patients had an EAT‐10 score >2. Orotracheal intubation (OTI) duration and tracheostomy were risk factors for the development of dysphagia. There was an association between EAT‐10 > 2 and the presence of laryngotracheal lesion, with no difference between lesion type and EAT score >2.

Conclusions

The incidence of dysphagia varied according to the time of assessment, being higher the earlier the assessment after extubation. OTI duration and tracheostomy were risk factors for the development of dysphagia, and the presence of laryngotracheal lesions demonstrated an association with dysphagia.

Level of Evidence

3.
Precision Synthesis of Boron‐Doped Graphene Nanoribbons: Recent Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Zhang Jin‐Jiang , Ma Ji , Feng Xinliang
Published: August 2022

Structurally precision graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have attracted great interest considering their prospective applications as organic carbon materials for nanoelectronics. The electronic properties of GNRs not only critically depend on the edge structure and width but also on the heteroatom type, doping position, and concentration. Motivated by the recent undisputable progress in the synthesis of stable boron‐doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (B‐PAHs), considerable efforts have been devoted to the precision synthesis of the corresponding boron‐doped GNRs (B‐GNRs) via bottom‐up synthesis approach in recent years in view of the extraordinary ability of boron doping on modulating their physiochemical properties. In this review, an overview of the bottom‐up organic synthesis of B‐GNRs, including the precursor design and synthesis, structure characterization of the resulting B‐GNRs, and investigation of their electronic properties is provided. Moreover, the future challenges and perspectives regarding the bottom‐up synthesis of B‐GNRs are also discussed. The authors hope that this review will further stimulate the synthesis and device integrations of B‐GNRs with a combined effort from different disciplines.
COVID‐19 metabolism: Mechanisms and therapeutic targets
Authors: Wang Tianshi , Cao Ying , Zhang Haiyan , Wang Zihao , Man Cheuk Him , Yang Yunfan , Chen Lingchao , Xu Shuangnian , Yan Xiaojing , Zheng Quan , Wang Yi‐Ping
Published: August 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) dysregulates antiviral signaling, immune response, and cell metabolism in human body. Viral genome and proteins hijack host metabolic network to support viral biogenesis and propagation. However, the regulatory mechanism of SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced metabolic dysfunction has not been elucidated until recently. Multiomic studies of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) revealed an intensive interaction between host metabolic regulators and viral proteins. SARS‐CoV‐2 deregulated cellular metabolism in blood, intestine, liver, pancreas, fat, and immune cells. Host metabolism supported almost every stage of viral lifecycle. Strikingly, viral proteins were found to interact with metabolic enzymes in different cellular compartments. Biochemical and genetic assays also identified key regulatory nodes and metabolic dependencies of viral replication. Of note, cholesterol metabolism, lipid metabolism, and glucose metabolism are broadly involved in viral lifecycle. Here, we summarized the current understanding of the hallmarks of COVID‐19 metabolism. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection remodels host cell metabolism, which in turn modulates viral biogenesis and replication. Remodeling of host metabolism creates metabolic vulnerability of SARS‐CoV‐2 replication, which could be explored to uncover new therapeutic targets. The efficacy of metabolic inhibitors against COVID‐19 is under investigation in several clinical trials. Ultimately, the knowledge of SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced metabolic reprogramming would accelerate drug repurposing or screening to combat the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Algebraic methods for equality constrained least squares problems in commutative quaternionic theory
Authors: Zhang Dong , Wang Gang , Vasil'ev V. I. , Jiang Tongsong
Published: August 2022

This paper, by means of two matrix representations of a commutative quaternion matrix, studies the relationship between the solutions of commutative quaternion equality constrained least squares (LSE) problems and that of complex and real LSE problems and derives two algebraic methods for finding the solutions of equality constrained least squares problems in commutative quaternionic theory.
Interior and H∞ feedback stabilization for sabra shell model of turbulence
Authors: Biswas Tania , Dharmatti Sheetal
Published: August 2022

Shell models of turbulence are representation of turbulence equations in Fourier domain. Various shell models are studied for their mathematical relevance and the numerical simulations that exhibit at most resemblance with turbulent flows. One of the mathematically well‐studied shell model of turbulence is called sabra shell model. This work concerns with two important issues related to shell model, namely, feedback stabilization and robust stabilization. We first address stabilization problem related to sabra shell model of turbulence and prove that the system can be stabilized via finite dimensional controller. Thus, only finitely many modes of the shell model would suffice to stabilize the system. Later, we study robust stabilization in the presence of the unknown disturbance and corresponding control problem by solving an infinite time horizon max‐min control problem. We first prove the
stabilization of the associated linearized system and characterize the optimal control in terms of a feedback operator by solving an algebraic Riccati equation. Using the same Riccati operator, we establish asymptotic stability of the nonlinear system.
Dual role of empathy in job stress, burnout, and intention to leave among addiction specialists
Authors: Bokuchava Tamar , Javakhishvili Nino
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between job stress, burnout, and intention to leave, moderated by empathic concern and perspective‐taking. The data were collected via the Maslach Burnout Inventory‐Human Services Survey (MBI‐HSS), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) measuring perspective‐taking and empathic concern, Spielberger's Professional Stress Questionnaire, and a questionnaire measuring intention to leave. Medical doctors, nurses, and psychologists working in addiction facilities were surveyed. The results showed that, independently, job stress increases burnout and intention to leave. In addition, either cognitive or emotional factors of empathy prevent burnout and intention to leave; however, the preventing effect of each is reduced when they interact. Moreover, perspective‐taking enhances the effect of job stress on intention to leave. This twofold effect of empathy for burnout and intention to leave provides practical implications for health‐care professionals.
Preparation of underwater superoleophobic porous coating via a co‐deposition method for oil/water mixture separation
Authors: Duan Yanping , Dong Guangli , Wu Ruijie , Zhao Xia , Li Mingwei , Zhang Fengfeng , Song Zhimin , Hao Hong
Published: August 2022

Oil contamination is problematic in subaqueous environments. Here, a cationic poly(N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)‐N‐[2′‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]‐ ammonium chloride) (PCBMAE) was synthesized, and a one‐step approach of dopamine‐assisted codeposition was used to generate PCBMAE/polydopamine (PDA) superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic coatings coated on a stainless steel mesh for oil/water separation. The structures, surface morphologies, and properties of the coatings were analyzed by IR, SEM, TGA, and contact angle measurements. During deposition at a PCBMAE and DA mass ratio of 1:1, PCBMAE/PDA mixture particles uniformly adhered to the skeletons of the mesh, increased the surface roughness, created enriched surface micro/nanostructures, and reduced the surface energy of the coating. This endowed the metal mesh with superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity (oil contact angle 163°) without blocking the mesh, and the deposition density was 0.26 mg/cm2. The separation efficiency of the coated mesh was 99.6% for the first castor oil/water separation and dropped to 98.0% after 5 cycles. After 25 cycles, the separation efficiency was still higher than 95%. The PCBMAE/PDA codeposited mesh exhibited high oil/water separation efficiency, stable mechanical properties, and weather stability under different harsh environments, making it a promising separation material for future industrial applications.
Sustainable Utilization of Solid Waste Fly Ash for Fabrication of CoNi@FA as Microwave Absorbent
Authors: Li Guomin , Xue Xiaojie , Li Lingxiao , Zhu Baoshun , Wang Guizhen , Wang Zhe , Zhang Kewei , Liang Liping
Published: August 2022

Under the background of carbon peak and neutrality, the composite microwave absorbents are prepared using coal‐based solid waste fly ash (FA) as raw material, supporting the implementation of comprehensive utilization for FA and the low‐cost preparation for microwave absorbents. CoNi‐loaded FA composites (CoNi@FA) are prepared via a simple rotary evaporation and sintering process, involving the introduction of Co2+–Ni2+ into FA as well as the subsequent reduction process during which the CoNi alloy transforms from the metallic oxide. As expected, the CoNi@FA800 manifests excellent microwave absorption performance, and the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value is −39.8 dB. The effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is extended to 3.4 GHz when the coating thickness is 2.0 mm. These are attributed to the introduction of CoNi alloy, endowing CoNi@FA composites with proper impedance matching and attenuation characteristics. Thus, the CoNi@FA will be a potential candidate in the field of microwave absorbent, which not only realizes the resource utilization of FA efficiently, but also makes a compromise between economic and environmental benefit simultaneously.
Solid‐State Optoelectronic Synapse Transistor Using a LaF3 Gate Dielectric
Authors: Shi Peng , Xing Ruofei , Wu Zhenfa , Wang Dong , Xing Yuzhi , Ge Yufeng , Song Houning , Qi Chen , Wei Lin , Yan ShiShen , Tian Yufeng , Chen Yanxue
Published: August 2022

As a new generation of core components for neuromorphic computing, optoelectronic synaptic devices have the advantages of high bandwidth and less energy consumption. They can combine the functions of visual sensing, signal processing, and memory in one device. Herein, an all‐solid‐state optoelectronic synaptic transistor using indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) as the channel and lanthanum fluoride (LaF3) as the gate dielectric is designed and fabricated. Its synaptic plasticity induced by electric and optical stimuli is investigated. LaF3 is a solid superionic conductor with plenty of mobile fluoride ions, which can be used to achieve a high on/off ratio of more than 105 and a low subthreshold swing less than 150 mV dec−1 in this novel synaptic transistor. Due to the ion‐trapping effect at the interface, synaptic plasticity can be achieved upon electrical stimulation. Synaptic plasticity by light pulse stimuli can also be accomplished with the assistance of the persistent photoconductivity effect in IGZO channel. Furthermore, it is found that the synaptic plasticity induced by light stimuli can be modulated by gate voltage. These results provide a new way to control synaptic function and extend the function of optoelectronic synaptic devices.
On finite‐time stability analysis of homogeneous vector fields with multiplicative perturbations
Authors: Braidiz Youness , Polyakov Andrey , Efimov Denis , Perruquetti Wilfrid
Published: August 2022

The problem of finite‐time and fixed‐time stability analysis is considered for a class of nonlinear systems where is homogeneous of a degree and is bounded. It is shown that under certain conditions on the asymptotic stability of the system implies its finite‐time stability for or nearly fixed‐time stability for . The so‐called homogeneous extensions are utilized for the analysis. The results are generalized to a class of systems where for every are homogeneous of some (possibly different) degrees and satisfy certain boundedness conditions. An example of a mechanical system is presented in the last section to illustrate the obtained results.
Recent Advances in Photothermal COxConversion
Authors: Li Yuan , Li Ruizhe , Li Zhenhua , Xu Yuqing , Yuan Hong , Ouyang Shuxin , Zhang Tierui
Published: August 2022

Recognizing the emergency of the global climate issue, the current fossil fuel‐based economic structure with massive carbon emission is urgent to be transformed. Catalytic conversion of COx, as an emerging alternative technology to produce advanced chemicals and fuels, has received enormous attention. Particularly, photothermal COxconversion, combining the advantages of high efficiency and low pollution, has shown the potential for the production of solar fuels and chemicals, and the progress of this field is accelerating. This review summarizes the fundamentals of photothermal catalysis as well as the state‐of‐the‐art advances of the photothermocatalytic COxconversion in the three main parts that involve COxhydrogenation, water–gas shift reaction, and CO2reforming of CH4. Moreover, the challenges and perspectives are also briefly discussed, which proposes guidance for future investigation of photothermal C1 conversion and anthropogenic carbon cycle.
Bifacial CdTe Solar Cells with Copper Chromium Oxide Back‐Buffer Layer
Authors: Pokhrel Dipendra , Mathew Xavier , Khanal Subedi Kamala , Patel Aesha , Phillips Adam B. , Bastola Ebin , Abudulimu Abasi , Jamarkattel Manoj K. , Rijal Suman , Quader Abdul , Friedl Jared , Zawisza Zachary , Yan Yanfa , Heben Michael J. , Ellingson Randy J.
Published: August 2022

Bifacial solar cells have the potential to maintain energy output higher than monofacial devices under unfavorable weather conditions. A transparent back‐buffer layer which can passivate the interface and improve the minority carrier lifetime is critical in CdTe‐based bifacial devices. Herein, solution‐processed CuxCryOz as a promising back‐buffer for CdTe/CdS solar cells is demonstrated. The carrier lifetimes measured at the front and back of the device are 31.2 and 3.1 ns, respectively, which correspond to an increase of ≈38% and 138%, respectively, compared to the reference device. This dramatic improvement in lifetime results in a 100% increase in short‐circuit current measured with backside illumination. The best bifacial device has efficiencies 7.6% and 12.5%, respectively, from back and front illumination, yielding a bifaciality factor of 0.60.
Examining the Effectiveness of Peer Feedback in Second Language Writing: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Vuogan Alyssa , Li Shaofeng
Published: August 2022

Peer feedback is a frequent feature of second language (L2) writing instruction. However, whether it is facilitative of L2 writing development is controversial. This meta‐analysis aggregates the quantitative results of 26 empirical studies to (1) provide an accurate estimate of peer feedback's effectiveness in improving L2 writing, (2) compare its effects with those of other sources of feedback, and (3) identify factors moderating its effectiveness. Results revealed that peer feedback has a significant positive overall effect on students' writing: d = .73, 95% CI: .54–.92. No significant differences were found between the effects of peer feedback, teacher feedback, and self‐revisions; however, this finding is tentative given the small number of primary studies comparing peer feedback and feedback from other sources. Moderator analyses revealed larger effect sizes when students had more time to write and when treatments were longer. The analyses further showed that peer feedback had greater effects on revisions than new compositions and that peer feedback was more effective for content than language (lexis and grammar). Based on the findings and methodological features of the primary research, recommendations for further research are proposed so that firmer conclusions may be obtained in future meta‐analyses.
“Should I stay or should I go?”—Why the future of global work may be less binary: Lessons on approaches to global crises from the experiences of expatriates during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Végh Judit , Jenkins Joyce , Claes Marie‐Therese
Published: August 2022

COVID‐19 has significantly impacted expatriates, affecting their ability to work effectively and their personal and family lives. This study explores their experiences in different phases of the pandemic, and their perspectives on the future of international living in light of such global disruption. Involving over 600 expatriates in 48 countries, the research shows shifts in motivation and priorities as a result of the crisis and reveals how family (extended and immediate) topped expatriates' concerns. The study examines if and how support systems worked and looks at coping mechanisms, skills, traits, previous experience, and attitudes which participants found useful. A common theme was “falling between two stools”—where expatriates were ineligible for support in either their home country or in their host country. Others described being “pulled in different directions” or “torn by a dilemma” with pros and cons in either choice. The study contributes to the questions about the future of global work with results of the survey revealing changing norms for expatriation and global mobility raising the possibility of more nuanced approaches to global projects and less binary options for global professionals and their families.
Determination of Mn, Cu and Pb background level in higher aquatic plants within Belarusian reservoirs based on National Monitoring System Data
Authors: Zhukovskaya Natalia V. , Kavalchyk Nadzeya V. , Vlasov Boris P.
Published: August 2022

The intensity of heavy metal accumulation by aquatic plants can be used as an indicator of the water body ecological status. Macrophyte‐based assessment of the contamination level by heavy metals in aquatic environments assumes their background content data. The background level of Mn, Cu, and Pb contents in aquatic plants of lakes has been determined according to the monitoring data. During the National Environment Monitoring 827 macrophyte samples have been collected from 47 Belarusian reservoirs and lakes. Background and anomalous values have been established empirically with help of such statistical methods as (median ± 2MAD), Tukey Box Plot and cumulative probability (or Q‐Q) plot. The highest threshold values of analyzed elements are obtained for submersed aquatic plants and amount 5817.0 mg/kg for Mn, 78.0 mg/kg for Cu, and 54.7 mg/kg for Pb. The lakes with abnormal metal contents in macrophyte tissues have been revealed. Spatial distribution of Mn, Cu, and Pb anomalous have been analyzed. Some differences in spatial patterns between ecological groups are mainly caused by varying predominant sources of elements intake into plants.
Winter habitat selection by female moose in southwestern Montana and effects of snow and temperature
Authors: Burkholder Braden O. , Harris Richard B. , DeCesare Nicholas J. , Boccadori Sylvanna J. , Garrott Robert A.
Published: August 2022

Moose Alces alces are among the many species that are vulnerable to both direct and indirect effects of climate change. Habitat selection is one framework to assist investigators in disentangling the various factors (including weather) that ultimately dictate how animals respond to their environment. We investigated patterns of winter habitat selection by adult female moose in southwestern Montana, USA during 2007–2010, and how that selection was affected by snow (quantified by snow water equivalent) and winter temperatures. We used data from GPS collars and a suite of environmental covariates to quantify winter habitat selection at both study area (2nd order) and home range (3rd order) spatial scales using resource selection functions. Moose strongly selected for the willow (Salix spp.) cover type, and against grassland cover. Moose use of conifer cover at the home range scale increased when either amount of snow or ambient temperature was higher, although the latter only during periods of the day when conifer patches were likely to have been cooler than cover types lacking a canopy. Wildlife conservation and management naturally focuses on preferred habitats, particularly those that fulfill essentially all foraging requirements. However, habitats used preferentially under stressful weather conditions, even if used rarely overall, can also form a critical part of a species' overall needs.
Introduction to Interlaboratory Comparisons
Authors: Petter Françoise , Trontin Charlotte , Anthoine Géraldine , Ravnikar Maja , Dreo Tanja , Lukežič Tadeja , Vučurović Ana , Mehle Nataša
Published: August 2022

There are two types of interlaboratory comparison studies: proficiency tests, which aim at monitoring the proficiency of laboratories, and test performance studies (TPS), which aim at evaluating the performance of (a) specific test(s) and whether it (they) is (are) fit for purpose. This booklet covers only TPS organisation. A TPS is usually organised to monitor the performance of a newly developed test to detect and/or identify pests or to compare the performance of different tests. The results of TPS also provide information on how (a) test(s) perform(s) in different laboratories. This allows a better estimation of the accuracy and reproducibility of tests. Organising a TPS is a complex process that requires considerable effort from the organisers in terms of time, expertise, and finances. Therefore, the selection of e.g. pests and of participants are important steps which are described in this chapter It also discusses the minimum criteria that the TPS organiser should meet.
Limited clinical utility of a machine learning revision prediction model based on a national hip arthroscopy registry
Authors: Martin R. Kyle , Wastvedt Solvejg , Lange Jeppe , Pareek Ayoosh , Wolfson Julian , Lund Bent
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Accurate prediction of outcome following hip arthroscopy is challenging and machine learning has the potential to improve our predictive capability. The purpose of this study was to determine if machine learning analysis of the Danish Hip Arthroscopy Registry (DHAR) can develop a clinically meaningful calculator for predicting the probability of a patient undergoing subsequent revision surgery following primary hip arthroscopy.

Methods

Machine learning analysis was performed on the DHAR. The primary outcome for the models was probability of revision hip arthroscopy within 1, 2, and/or 5 years after primary hip arthroscopy. Data were split randomly into training (75%) and test (25%) sets. Four models intended for these types of data were tested: Cox elastic net, random survival forest, gradient boosted regression (GBM), and super learner. These four models represent a range of approaches to statistical details like variable selection and model complexity. Model performance was assessed by calculating calibration and area under the curve (AUC). Analysis was performed using only variables available in the pre-operative clinical setting and then repeated to compare model performance using all variables available in the registry.

Results

In total, 5581 patients were included for analysis. Average follow-up time or time-to-revision was 4.25 years (± 2.51) years and overall revision rate was 11%. All four models were generally well calibrated and demonstrated concordance in the moderate range when restricted to only pre-operative variables (0.62–0.67), and when considering all variables available in the registry (0.63–0.66). The 95% confidence intervals for model concordance were wide for both analyses, ranging from a low of 0.53 to a high of 0.75, indicating uncertainty about the true accuracy of the models.

Conclusion

The association between pre-surgical factors and outcome following hip arthroscopy is complex. Machine learning analysis of the DHAR produced a model capable of predicting revision surgery risk following primary hip arthroscopy that demonstrated moderate accuracy but likely limited clinical usefulness. Prediction accuracy would benefit from enhanced data quality within the registry and this preliminary study holds promise for future model generation as the DHAR matures. Ongoing collection of high-quality data by the DHAR should enable improved patient-specific outcome prediction that is generalisable across the population.

Level of evidence

Level III.