bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Credible Is Online Physical Activity Advice? The Accuracy of Free Adult Educational Materials
Authors: Thomas Jafrā D. , Cardinal Bradley J.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The study purpose was to determine the rate that free online educational resources presented at least one message consistent with national physical activity guidelines (PAGs). We also tested if message consistency varied by production source.

Methods

The Google search engine and lay adult search strategies were used to locate freely available web articles focused on physical activity promotion, written in English, used text as the primary communication medium, and produced by a commercial, government, professional association, or voluntary health agency organization. The 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans 18 to 64 yr of age were used to appraise the credibility of messages in web articles.

Results

A sample of 72 web articles published or updated between 2008 and 2018 (M = 2016.34, SD = 2.02) was obtained, all of which presented PAG-related messages. The rate that web articles lacked at least one consistent message ranged from 61.1% to 100% for the 17 PAGs considered. Per the χ
2 goodness-of-fit test, the level of inconsistency was significant for 15 PAGs (P < 0.05). Per the χ
2 test, production source was associated with consistency for five PAGs, all related to aerobic (endurance) physical activity (P ≤ 0.05, V ≥ 0.30); otherwise, the rate of web article inconsistency was similar between production sources (P > 0.05, V = 0.11–0.26). The lowest rate of web article consistency (M ≈ 3%) involved PAGs for adults with sedentary or modestly active lifestyles.

Conclusion

Knowledge translation of PAGs is low in free resources that are available online, irrespective of production source. Implications of our results to physical activity equity are discussed, and future research recommendations are provided.
Where Do Students Go When For-Profit Colleges Lose Federal Aid?
Authors: Cellini Stephanie R. , Darolia Rajeev , Turner Lesley J.
Published: April 2020

We examine the effects of federal sanctions imposed on for-profit institutions in the 1990s. Using county-level variation in the timing and magnitude of sanctions linked to student loan default rates, we estimate that sanctioned for-profits experience a 68 percent decrease in annual enrollment following sanction receipt. Enrollment losses due to for-profit sanctions are 60–70 percent offset by increased enrollment within local community colleges, where students are less likely to default on federal student loans. Conversely, for-profit sanctions decrease enrollment in local unsanctioned for-profit competitors, likely due to improved information about local options and reputational spillovers. Overall, market enrollment declines by 2 percent. (JEL H52, I21, I22, I23, I28)
Evaluation of basic surgical skill workshop at undergraduate level in the discipline of surgery
Authors: Yunus Maliha , Ghani Zeeshan , Muhammad Ch. Ihtasham , Akram Ayesha
Published: April 2020

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of basic surgical skill workshop at under graduate level.

Methods: This was randomized controlled study (cross-over design) conducted at Al-Nafees Medical College and hospital from 1st January to November 30th 2017. Undergraduate medical students of Year-5 MBBS were randomized into two groups to undergo surgical skills training. One was workshop or interventional Group-A, other was traditional teaching or control Group-B. Online random sampling calculator was used for randomization. Both groups were given a pretest and post-test in the form of two OSATS station.

Results: Total 49 students were enrolled in the study; Group-A had 25 whereas Group-B had 24 students. There was significant difference (p=0.000) in mean post-test scores of Group-A (36.28±6.75) and Group-B (24.17±5.09) out of 53 on OSATS station-1. Significant statistical difference (p=0.000) in the mean score of post-tests of Group-A (26.08±18.34) and Group-B (14.42±9.24) out of 37 was also noted on OSATS station-2. There was no significant difference in mean pretest scores on both stations in both groups.

Conclusions: This study has suggestions in development of curriculum as it provides a quantitative substantiation indicating that workshop teaching as a learning strategy can essentially augment traditional teaching of technical skills to undergraduate medical students.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1792

How to cite this:Yunus M, Ghani Z, Muhammad Ch. I, Akram A. Evaluation of basic surgical skill workshop at undergraduate level in the discipline of surgery. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(4):609-614. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1792

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Metallothionein expression on oysters (Crassostrea cuculata and Crassostrea glomerata) from the southern coastal region of East Java
Authors: Hertika Asus Maizar Suryanto , Kusriani Kusriani , Indrayani Erlinda , Yona Defri , Putra Renanda Baghaz Dzulhamdhani Surya
Published: April 2020

Background:This study aimed to analyse levels of heavy metals (Pb, Hg and Cd) in the aquatic body, gills and stomach of the oystersCrassostrea cuculataandCrassostrea glomerata, the metallothionein (MT) level in the gills and stomach of both oysters, and relationships between heavy metals level (Pb, Hg and Cd) in the gills and stomach to MT level in both species of oysters.

Methods:The research method utilized was a descriptive method. The oyster samples were taken from three stations: Sendang Biru, Popoh and Prigi beaches. MT values were assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The heavy metal levels were assessed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry method.

Results:Both oyster heavy metal content obtained in the southern coastal waters exceeded the safe limit set by the State Minister of Environment No. 51 of 2004. In general, the expression of MT was found to be higher in stomach tissue compared to gill tissue.

Conclusions:The levels of the heavy metals Pb, Hg, and has a strong relationship with MT levels in the gills and stomach in both types of oysters.
Case Report: Isolated lingual dystonia
Authors: Yousafzai Zaland Ahmed , Qayyum Wajeeha , Khan Sohail , Iftikhar Mawara , Amin Qazi Kamran
Published: April 2020

Oromandibular dystonia is defined as a focal dystonia that manifests as forceful contractions of the face, jaw, and/or tongue. Lingual dystonia is a rare subtype of oromandibular dystonia that specifically affects the tongue. Multiple etiologies are thought to attribute to oromandibular dystonia, including brain damage, the use of neuroleptic medications, neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, and viral infections. Idiopathic cases of isolated lingual dystonia are rare and seldom reported in the literature. This report describes a 35-year-old female patient with lingual dystonia that was present at rest and aggravated during speech. Despite detailed history taking and a thorough examination, along with multiple imaging and laboratory studies, no cause could be established and her case was classified as being that of an idiopathic etiology.
CRIATURA, MONSTRO, ANIMAL, CARNE OU CARNIÇA: A NOTÁVEL PERPETUAÇÃO DOS ARQUÉTIPOS FEMININOS DA CULTURA MISÓGINA / Creature, monster, animal, meat or carrion: the noticeable perpetuation of the feminine archetypes of misogynist culture
Authors: Nunes Thiane
Published: April 2020

Nas culturas de todos os tempos e territórios, pessoas dependem de estruturas construídas para organizar suas vidas de forma a entender a si mesmos e aos outros. Essas narrativas reguladoras, termo utilizado pela teórica e crítica cultural Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (2010), irão legitimar e estabelecer o que é aceitável ser ou fazer. As identidades que os indivíduos assumem e são convencidos a representar são infinitamente múltiplas e apresentam-se saturadas de relações de poder. No escopo da ampla questão da misoginia no campo das artes, este texto reflete sobre a herança residual das construções que o pensamento patriarcal fez da mulher e de sua estrutura corpórea como sujeito, a partir de representações artísticas em variadas linguagens. A exploração dos conceitos de monstro, disforme, perigosa, carne e animal é aqui utilizada como forma de investigação da dimensão sócio-histórica, frente as mais diversas perspectivas que estigmatizam negativamente a figura feminina, partindo de uma análise acerca das transformações ocorridas na transição da cultura fin-de-sécle para a moderna e, finalmente, para a contemporaneidade. Buscando compreender modos de interpretação diferenciados, outras linguagens e sujeitos pertinentes, bem como possíveis posicionamentos éticos e políticos, esse artigo objetiva sugerir novos olhares e interpretações acerca das imagens, experiências e informações a que somos expostos, a fim de documentar e ilustrar novas historiografias e conhecimentos, considerando os diferentes regimes de visibilidade e suas possíveis consequências sociais.
DESCOBRINDO O GOSTO PELA LEITURA: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA COM O PROJETO “LEITURA EM FAMÍLIA” / Discovering a taste for reading: an experience with the “family reading” project
Authors: Pereira Chagas Rafaella , Leite Lopes Saldanha Diana Maria , Pessoa Sampaio Maria Lucia
Published: April 2020

Esse trabalho versa sobre as mediações de leitura realizadas no projeto “Leitura em família”, aplicado em uma escola pública do interior do Rio Grande do Norte. Objetivou-se compreender em que medida o projeto contribuiu para o desenvolvimento do gosto pela leitura de alunos do 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Adotou-se a pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo participante, tendo como instrumentos para construção dos dados a observação participante, entrevistas semiestruturadas e diário de campo. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram os alunos, a professora e três mães de estudantes da turma investigada.   A proposta fundamentou-se nas ideias de Cosson (2009), Martins (2007), Silva (2009) e Saldanha(2013), que apresentam o conceito de leitura como uma prática social; Villardi (1999), que discute sobre a importância do desenvolvimento do gosto pela leitura literária para a formação do leitor; Vygotsky (2007) e Garcia (2007), para entender a mediação de leitura na escola. O estudo evidenciou a relevância de se trabalhar com mediações e projetos de leitura em sala de aula, considerando-se, de acordo com os sujeitos investigados, que esses tipos de atividades viabilizam o despertar do gosto pela leitura e possibilitam que seja ativado o processo de formação de leitores. Nesse processo, a cada ação desenvolvida os alunos são estimulados a novas leituras, motivados pelo prazer e pelas descobertas presentes no ato de ler.
É CINDERELA OU BRANCA DE NEVE? – A EXPERIÊNCIA ESTÉTICA DE CRIANÇAS EM ATIVIDADE COM CONTO DE FADAS / Is it Cinderella or Snow White? – The aesthetic experience of children in activity with a fairy tale
Authors: Vieira Débora Cristina Sales da Cruz
Published: April 2020

Os contos de fadas têm promovido o fascínio de diversas gerações e podemos destacar como elementos que favoreceram este fascínio tanto a organização dos aspectos estruturais do uso da linguagem quanto aspectos de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento das pessoas que se envolvem com a experiência. O presente artigo visa analisar a experiência estética nas estratégias de reconto oral de crianças em atividade com o conto de fadas Branca de Neve. A construção e a análise das informações foram realizadas em articulação à abordagem metodológica da Epistemologia Qualitativa de González Rey (2005; 2010), que tem como princípio o caráter construtivo-interpretativo e dialógico na produção do conhecimento. A pesquisa empírica foi realizada em uma instituição pública de Educação Infantil do Distrito Federal, com a participação de duas meninas com faixa etária entre 5 e 6 anos. Os instrumentos e procedimentos utilizados foram sendo estabelecidos de acordo com o processo relacional construído ao longo da pesquisa e reúnem observação participante, dinâmicas conversacionais, oficinas realizadas para a leitura de histórias infantis, recontos orais, registros pictóricos e atividades lúdicas. Duas dimensões da narrativa nos servem para ampliar a revisão teórica sobre a temática: uma dimensão psicológica (BRUNER, 1996; 2008; 201; VIGOTSKI, 2012) e uma dimensão literária (ABRAMOVICH, 1986; COELHO, 1984; 2000; YUNES, 2002; ZILBERMAN, 1984). Na análise das informações apresentadas evidenciamos a relação entre as atividades do (re)conto de histórias com o valor que as mesmas apresentam para favorecer experiências estéticas e imaginativas em que se evidencia a produção simbólico-emocional das crianças participantes da pesquisa.
Physiotherapists’ reported attitudes to and perceived influences on their continuing professional development: results of an online questionnaire
Authors: Stewart Heather , Wisby Deborah , Roddam Hazel
Published: April 2020

Background/aims

Intrinsic and extrinsic factors influence physiotherapists’ participation in continuing professional development. A number of benefits of and barriers to participation in continuing professional development are identified in the literature, but relatively little is known about factors that influence attitudes towards continued learning. The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing UK physiotherapists’ attitudes towards continuing professional development, with a focus on career point and type of employment, in the context of motivational theories.

Methods

An online questionnaire consisting of Likert-style questions was used to collect data from UK physiotherapists. Nominal and ordinal data were analysed to determine differences between subgroups within the dataset.

Results

A total of 205 physiotherapists completed the online questionnaire. Physiotherapists were generally internally motivated towards continuing professional development, but attitudes were influenced by career point and whether physiotherapists worked in the NHS or in the private sector. External factors appeared to have a negative effect on motivation towards continuing professional development.

Conclusion:

Differences in attitudes at different points on the career path suggest that organisational structure may impede lifelong learning at some stages in career progression, while differences between those working privately and for the NHS may potentially reflect organisational differences between these types of employment.
Effectiveness of clinician- and patient-applied mobilisation with movement technique to increase ankle dorsiflexion range of motion
Authors: Stanek Justin M , Pieczynski Alex E
Published: April 2020

Background/aims

Restricted ankle dorsiflexion has the potential to cause acute and chronic injuries. One method for increasing dorsiflexion range of motion is the application of joint mobilisation with movement. An alternative to clinician-applied mobilisation with movement is self-applied mobilisation with movement; however, this technique has not been previously studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of self-applied and clinician-applied mobilisation with movement technique for improving dorsiflexion range of motion in participants with ≤34° of dorsiflexion.

Methods

A total of 42 typically healthy participants qualified and were randomly assigned to the control, self-applied, or clinician-applied mobilisation with movement group. Closed chain ankle dorsiflexion range of motion was assessed using a modified weight-bearing lunge test.

Results

Both mobilisation groups showed significant increases in standing and kneeling dorsiflexion range of motion when compared to the control group, with no differences between treatment groups.

Conclusions

These findings suggest clinicians can teach patients to apply mobilisation with movement and receive similar benefits to a clinician-applied mobilisation with movement treatment.
Confinement-induced Miscibility of Different PS-PMMA with Phenoxy Resin at the Air/Water Interface
Authors: Lin Cheng-Da , Hsu Wen-Ping
Published: April 2020

The miscibility of the mixed monolayer behavior of different polystyrene-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA; PS-co-PMMA; PS-r-PMMA) with phenoxy resin(Phr) was studied from the measurements of surface pressure-area per molecule (π-A) isotherms using the Wilhelmy plate method with a KSV model mini-trough at three different temperatures (10˚C, 25˚C and 40˚C). The miscibility and non-ideality of the mixed monolayers were examined by calculating the excess surface area as a function of composition. The analysis of surface pressure-area per molecule (π-A) isotherms and excess area showed that mixed monolayers exhibit intermolecular interaction. When the pressure increases, the deviation can change from positive to negative. The mixed PS-b-PMMA monolayers exhibited mostly negative excess area among three studied PS-PMMA. The results of the mixed PS-co-PMMA monolayers were similar to those of mixed PS-r-PMMA likely because of close chain arrangements. Phr was found to be in the majority miscible with PS-PMMA at the air/water interface likely because of hydrogen bonding between Phr and PS-PMMA and confinement inducement.
Surgeon proficiency in robot-assisted spine surgery
Authors: McDonnell Jake Michael , Ahern Daniel P. , Ó Doinn Tiarnan , Gibbons Denys , Rodrigues Katharina Nagassima , Birch Nick , Butler Joseph S.
Published: April 2020

Continuous technical improvement in spinal surgical procedures, with the aim of enhancing patient outcomes, can be assisted by the deployment of advanced technologies including navigation, intraoperative CT imaging, and surgical robots. The latest generation of robotic surgical systems allows the simultaneous application of a range of digital features that provide the surgeon with an improved view of the surgical field, often through a narrow portal.

There is emerging evidence that procedure-related complications and intraoperative blood loss can be reduced if the new technologies are used by appropriately trained surgeons. Acceptance of the role of surgical robots has increased in recent years among a number of surgical specialities including general surgery, neurosurgery, and orthopaedic surgeons performing major joint arthroplasty. However, ethical challenges have emerged with the rollout of these innovations, such as ensuring surgeon competence in the use of surgical robotics and avoiding financial conflicts of interest. Therefore, it is essential that trainees aspiring to become spinal surgeons as well as established spinal specialists should develop the necessary skills to use robotic technology safely and effectively and understand the ethical framework within which the technology is introduced.

Traditional and more recently developed platforms exist to aid skill acquisition and surgical training which are described.

The aim of this narrative review is to describe the role of surgical robotics in spinal surgery, describe measures of proficiency, and present the range of training platforms that institutions can use to ensure they employ confident spine surgeons adequately prepared for the era of robotic spinal surgery.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(5):568–572.
Timing of surgical fixation in traumatic spinal fractures
Authors: Mahon John , Ahern Daniel P. , Evans Shane R. , McDonnell Jake , Butler Joseph S.
Published: April 2020

Aims

The timing of surgical fixation in spinal fractures is a contentious topic. Existing literature suggests that early stabilization leads to reduced morbidity, improved neurological outcomes, and shorter hospital stay. However, the quality of evidence is low and equivocal with regard to the safety of early fixation in the severely injured patient. This paper compares complication profiles between spinal fractures treated with early fixation and those treated with late fixation.

Methods

All patients transferred to a national tertiary spinal referral centre for primary surgical fixation of unstable spinal injuries without preoperative neurological deficit between 1 July 2016 and 20 October 2017 were eligible for inclusion. Data were collected retrospectively. Patients were divided into early and late cohorts based on timing from initial trauma to first spinal operation. Early fixation was defined as within 72 hours, and late fixation beyond 72 hours.

Results

In total, 86 patients underwent spinal surgery in this period. Age ranged from 16 to 88 years. Mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) was higher in the early stabilization cohort (p = 0.020). Age was the sole significant independent variable in predicting morbidity on multiple regression analysis (p < 0.003). There was no significant difference in complication rates based on timing of surgical stabilization (p = 0.398) or ISS (p = 0.482).

Conclusion

Our results suggest that these patients are suitable for early appropriate care with spinal precautions and delayed definitive surgical stabilization. Earlier surgery conferred no morbidity benefit and had no impact on length of stay. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(5):627–631.
The outcomes of Perthes’ disease
Authors: Leo Donato G. , Jones Helen , Murphy Rebecca , Leong Justin Wei , Gambling Tina , Long Andrew F. , Laine Jennifer , Perry Daniel C.
Published: April 2020

Aims

To identify a suite of the key physical, emotional, and social outcomes to be employed in clinical practice and research concerning Perthes' disease in children.

Methods

The study follows the guidelines of the COMET-Initiative (Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials). A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify a list of outcomes reported in previous studies, which was supplemented by a qualitative study exploring the experiences of families affected by Perthes’ disease. Collectively, these outcomes formed the basis of a Delphi survey (two rounds), where 18 patients with Perthes’ disease, 46 parents, and 36 orthopaedic surgeons rated each outcome for importance. The International Perthes Study Group (IPSG) (Dallas, Texas, USA (October 2018)) discussed outcomes that failed to reach any consensus (either ‘in’ or ‘out’) before a final consensus meeting with representatives of surgeons, patients, and parents.

Results

In total, 23 different outcome domains were identified from the systematic review, and a further ten from qualitative interviews. After round one of the Delphi survey, participants suggested five further outcome domains. A total of 38 outcomes were scored in round two of the Delphi. Among these, 16 outcomes were scored over the prespecified 70% threshold for importance (divided into six main categories: adverse events; life impact; resource use; pathophysiological manifestations; death; and technical considerations). Following the final consensus meeting, 14 outcomes were included in the final Core Outcome Set (COS).

Conclusion

Core Outcome Sets (COSs) are important to improve standardization of outcomes in clinical research and to aid communication between patients, clinicians, and funding bodies. The results of this study should be a catalyst to develop high-quality clinical research in order to determine the optimal treatments for children with Perthes’ disease. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(5):611–617.
Applicability Assessments of Close-Range Photogrammetry for Slope Face 3D Modelling
Authors: Baramsyah Haqul , Rich Less
Published: April 2020

The digital single lens reflex (DSLR) cameras have been widely accepted to use in slope face photogrammetry rather than the expensive metric camera used for aerial photogrammetry. 3D models generated from digital photogrammetry can approach those generated from terrestrial laser scanning in term of scale and level of detail. It is cost effective and has equipment portability. This paper presents and discusses the applicability of close-range digital photogrammetry to produce 3D models of rock slope faces. Five experiments of image capturing method were conducted to capture the photographs as the input data for processing. As a consideration, the appropriate baseline lengths to capture the slope face to get better result are around 1/6 to 1/8 of target distance.  A fine quality of 3D model from data processing is obtained using strip method and convergent method with 80% overlapping in each photograph. A random camera positions with different distances from the slope face can also generate a good 3D model, however the entire target should be captured in each photograph. The accuracy of the models is generated by comparing the 3D models produced from photogrammetry with the 3D data obtained from laser scanner. The accuracy of 3D models is quite satisfactory with the mean error range from 0.008 to 0.018 m.
Metallic structure functional sensor based on embedded PANDA fiber by ultrasonic additive manufacturing
Authors: He Xuelan , Ma Chao , Wang Xianbin , Wang Zhenqiang , Jiang Fengchun , Yuan Libo
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study is to embed PANDA fiber into metal aluminum by using the ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) technique. The functional sensing characteristics of the metallic structure were realized by structure design, precise positioning, and laying of the optical fiber and a tip coating (gold film) technique. The sensing characteristics of the metallic structure sensor including temperature, bending, tensile straining, and twist responses have been systematically investigated. Experimental results show that moderate sensitivity, good repeatability, and exactly linear spectral responses are obtained with

−

476.2

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for temperature,

1304

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m

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m

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for bending,

0.6314

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m

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µ
ε

for tensile straining, and

−

332.3

p
m

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)

for twisting. Based on its simple fabrication process and multifunctional measurement, it is clearly demonstrated that the metallic matrix structure with embedded PANDA fiber produced by the UAM technique is a functional structure with capabilities to monitor the structure health conditions and mechanical operation changes in applications.
Characterization of continuous wave ultrasound for acousto-optic modulated diffuse correlation spectroscopy (AOM-DCS)
Authors: Robinson Mitchell B. , Carp Stefan A. , Peruch Adriano , Boas David A. , Franceschini Maria Angela , Sakadžić Sava
Published: April 2020

Intra and post-operative blood flow monitoring of tissue has been shown to be effective in the improvement of patient outcomes. Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) has been shown to be effective in measuring blood flow at the bedside, and is a useful technique in measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) in many clinical settings. However, DCS suffers from reduced sensitivity to blood flow changes at larger tissue depths, making measurements of CBF in adults difficult. This issue can be addressed with acousto-optic modulated diffuse correlation spectroscopy (AOM-DCS), which is a hybrid technique that combines the sensitivity of DCS to blood flow with ultrasound resolution to allow for improved spatial resolution of the optical signal based on knowledge of the area which is insonified by ultrasound. We present a quantitative model for perfusion estimation based on AOM-DCS in the presence of continuous wave ultrasound, supported by theoretical derivations, Monte Carlo simulations, and phantom and human subject experiments. Quantification of the influence of individual mechanisms that contribute to the temporal fluctuations of the optical intensity due to ultrasound is shown to agree with previously derived results. By using this model, the recovery of blood-flow induced scatterer dynamics based on ultrasound-modulated light is shown to deviate by less than one percent from the standard DCS measurement of scatterer dynamics over a range of optical scattering values and scatterer motion conditions. This work provides an important step towards future implementation of AOM-DCS setups with more complex spatio-temporal distributions of ultrasound pressure, which are needed to enhance the DCS spatial resolution.
Fast and accurate Monte Carlo simulations of subdiffusive spatially resolved reflectance for a realistic optical fiber probe tip model aided by a deep neural network
Authors: Zelinskyi Yevhen , Naglič Peter , Pernuš Franjo , Likar Boštjan , Bürmen Miran
Published: April 2020

In this work, we introduce a framework for efficient and accurate Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of spatially resolved reflectance (SRR) acquired by optical fiber probes that account for all the details of the probe tip including reflectivity of the stainless steel and the properties of the epoxy fill and optical fibers. While using full details of the probe tip is essential for accurate MC simulations of SRR, the break-down of the radial symmetry in the detection scheme leads to about two orders of magnitude longer simulation times. The introduced framework mitigates this performance degradation, by an efficient reflectance regression model that maps SRR obtained by fast MC simulations based on a simplified probe tip model to SRR simulated using the full details of the probe tip. We show that a small number of SRR samples is sufficient to determine the parameters of the regression model. Finally, we use the regression model to simulate SRR for a stainless steel optical probe with six linearly placed fibers and experimentally validate the framework through the use of inverse models for estimation of absorption and reduced scattering coefficients and subdiffusive scattering phase function quantifiers.
Multicolor fluorescence imaging using a single RGB-IR CMOS sensor for cancer detection with smURFP-labeled probiotics
Authors: Oh Gyungseok , Cho Hong Jun , Suh SeungBeum , Ji Yuhyun , Chung Hak Suk , Lee Deukhee , Kim Keri
Published: April 2020

A multicolor fluorescence imaging device was recently developed for image-guided surgery. However, conventional systems are typically bulky and function with two cameras. To overcome these issues, we developed an economical home-built fluorescence imaging device based on a single RGB-IR sensor that can acquire both color and fluorescence images simultaneously. The technical feasibility of RGB-IR imaging was verified ex vivo in chicken breast tissue using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), cyanine 5 (Cy5), and indocyanine green (ICG) as fluorescent agents. The minimum sensitivities for FITC, Cy5, and ICG were 0.200 µM, 0.130 µM, and 0.065 µM, respectively. In addition, we validated the fluorescence imaging of this device in vitro during a minimally invasive procedure using smURFP-labeled probiotics, which emit a spectrum similar to that of Cy5. Our preliminary study of the ex vivo tissue suggests that Cy5 and ICG are good candidates for deep tissue imaging. In addition, the tumor-specific amplification process was visualized using cancer cells incubated with probiotics that had been labeled with a fluorescent protein. Our approach indicates the potential for in vivo screening of tumors in rodent tumor models.
Detecting Dental Decay with Infrared Light
Authors: Fried Daniel
Published: April 2020

A variety of optical techniques could overcome some of the
shortcomings of more traditional tools for one of the dentist’s oldest
tasks—finding cavities.
Speckle-based determination of the polarisation state of single and multiple laser beams
Authors: Facchin Morgan , Bruce Graham D. , Dholakia Kishan
Published: April 2020

Laser speckle is generated by the multiple interference of light through a disordered medium. Here we study the premise that the speckle pattern retains information about the polarisation state of the incident field. We analytically verify that a linear relation exists between the Stokes vector of the light and the resulting speckle pattern. As a result, the polarisation state of a beam can be measured from the speckle pattern using a transmission matrix approach. We perform a quantitative analysis of the accuracy of the transmission matrix method to measure randomly time-varying polarisation states. In experiment, we find that the Stokes parameters of light from a diode laser can be retrieved with an uncertainty of 0.05 using speckle images of 150×150 pixels and 17 training states. We show both analytically and in experiment that this approach may be extended to the case of more than one laser field, demonstrating the measurement of the Stokes parameters of two laser beams simultaneously from a single speckle pattern and achieving the same uncertainty of 0.05.
Click erreakzioa erabiliz aktibitate biologikoa erakusten duten sistema polimerikoen garapena
Authors: Sánchez-Bodón Julia , Moreno-Benítez Isabel , Pérez-Álvarez Leyre , Ruiz-Rubio Leire , Vilas-Vilela José Luis
Published: April 2020

Azken urteetan, inplante kirurgikoak oso erabiliak bilakatu dira kaltetutako hezurrak, lotai- luak edota giharrak ordezkatzeko. Hala ere, haien erabilera dela eta, ezinbestekoa da antibiotikoen tratamendua jasotzea, inplanteetan aurki daitezkeen bakterio eta beste mikroorganismoei aurre egiteko. orokorrean, bakterioak inplanteen gainazaletan adsorbatzen dira, biofilm bat eratuz, zeinak eragiten baitu antibiotikoei erresistentzia handiagoa izatea eta baita ostalarien defentsaren babespena handitzea ere. Horren ondorioz, desiragarria da propietate antibakteriano intrintsekoa duen inplantea diseinatzea. Hala ere, batzuetan zaila da aurkitzea konposatu antibakterianoa eransteko estrategia egokia, gainazalarekin lotzeko burututako erreakzioan aktibitatea bermatzeko behar den egitura alda daitekeelako. Antibiotikoa gainazal polimeriko batean atxikitzeko ezaguna den «click» erreakzioa metodologia egokienetariko bat izan daiteke. Beraz, esan dezakegu metodologia aproposena izan daitekeela, izan ere prozedura bidez molekula organiko konplexuak materialen gainazalean lotzen dira kobalenteki. Gainera antibiotikoak biokonjugatzeko erreakzioa aurrera burutu daiteke inguru-tenperaturan, baldintza fisiologikoetan eta ura disolbatzaile gisa erabiliz etekin kuantitatiboak (ia % 100) lortuz.
Bakailao-gibel olio fresko eta oxidatuaren urdail-hesteetako in vitro digestioa: BSA eta BHTren propietate antioxidatzaileen eta azken honetatik eratorritako metabolitoen azterketa
Authors: Nieva-Echevarría Barbara , Goicoechea Encarnación , Guillén María D.
Published: April 2020

Ikerketa honen helburua da behi-seroalbumina proteinak (BSA) eta 2,6-di-tert-butil-hidroxitolueno (BHT, E-321 gehigarria) antioxidatzaile fenolikoak bakailao-gibel olio fresko eta oxidatuaren in vitro digestioan gertatutako oxidazio erreakzioetan duten efektua aztertzea. Halaber, kondizio horietan gerta daitekeen BHTren degradazioa eta hori hainbat metabolito bihurtzea ere aztertu zen. Lipidoen oxidazio-produktu sekundarioen izaera eta kantitatea zein BHTren pisu molekular baxuko metabolitoak aztertzeko erabilitako teknika hau izan zen: Fase Solidoko Mikroerauzketa eta ondoren Gas-Kromatografia/ Masa-Espektrometria (SPME-GC/MS). In vitro digestioaren ondoren jasotako digestatoen buru-gunean aurkitutako 90 konposatu lurrunkorren ugaritasunetan oinarrituz, BSAk eta BHTek efektu antioxidatzaile argia zutela ikusi zen: lehena izan zen bietan eraginkorrena lan honen kondizioetan, batik bat oxidatutako olioaren digestioan. Bestalde, oxidatutako olioaren digestioan zehar BHT modu nabarmenean degradatu zela ikusi zen. Horren ondorioz, 2,6-di-tert-butil-4-hidroxi-4-metil-2,5-ziklohexadien-1-ona (BHT-OH), 2,6-di-tert-butil-2,5-ziklohexadien-1,4-diona (BHT-Q) eta 3,5-di-tert-butil-4-hidroxi-benzaldehidoa (BHT-CHO) metabolito lurrunkor nagusien handitzea gertatu zen.
Itsas ingurumenerako mikrokutsatzaile organiko hidrofobikoen presentzia eta eraginak aztertzeko estrategien taxutzea
Authors: Irazola Duñabeitia Mireia , Posada Ureta Oscar , Ziarrusta Intxaurtza Haizea , Izagirre Aramayona Urtzi , Mijangos Treviño Leire , Olivares Zabalandicoechea Maitane , Usobiaga Epelde Aresatz , Prieto Sobrino Ailette , Zuloaga Zubieta Olatz , Martinez Galarza Iciar , Castro Ortiz de Pinedo Kepa , Etxebarria Loizate Nestor
Published: April 2020

Lan honetan, ingurumen analisirako metodologia planteamendu berri bat proposatu da. Horretarako, kimikariek eta biologoek baldintza kontrolatuetako esposizioa egiteko elkarlanean jardun genuen. Esperimentu honetan, muskuiluak eta lagin-biltze pasiboko tresnak hainbat mikrokutsatzaile hidrofoboren eraginpean jarri ziren. Batetik, kutsatzaileen kontzentrazioak neurtu ziren, lagin-biltze puntualen zein lagin-biltze pasiboen bitartez. Bestetik, muskuiluetan kutsatzaileen kontzentrazioak neurtu ziren. Biologoek, euren aldetik, muskuiluen azterketa histopatologikoa egin zuten. Azkenik, NMR-n oinarritutako metabolomika erabili zen muskuiluek kutsatzaileen aurrean ematen zuten erantzuna aztertzeko. Lau estrategien konbinazioarekin, kausa (kokteleko mikrokutsatzaileen kontzentrazioak eta muskuiluek metatutakoa) eta eragindako efektuak (histologia azterketetan behatutakoak) hobeto uler ditzakegu. kutsatzaileek eragiten dituzten aldaketak ulertzeko eta ondorioak azaltzeko metabolomika baliabide erabilgarria dela ondorioztatu genuen. kutsatzaileen koktelak errute goiztiarra eragin zien muskuiluei; izan ere, NMR metabolomika erabiliz, aldaketa metaboliko nabarienak errute-egunean ikusi ziren.
Karbonoan oinarritutako nanomaterialen eta mikro eta nanoplastikoen eragina kutsatzaile organiko iraunkorren garraiatzaile gisa organismo itsastarretan
Authors: Gonzalez-Soto Nagore , Bilbao Eider , Cajaraville Miren P.
Published: April 2020

Industriaren eta teknologiaren garapenak ezaugarri fisiko-kimiko bereziak dituzten material berriak sortzea eragin du, eta, horien artean, nanomaterialak gero eta ugariagoak dira. Nanomaterialak gutxienez nanoeskaladun (<100 nm) dimentsio bat duten materialak dira. Gaur egun, Europako legedian ez dago nanomaterialentzako araudi berezirik, nahiz eta, haien homologo makroskopikoekin alderatuta, ezaugarri fisiko-kimiko ezberdinak agertu. Mikroplastikoak 5 mm baino txikiagoak diren plastikozko materialak dira eta nanoplastikoak, 100 nm baino txikiagoak direnak. Plastiko makroskopikoen eraginak zabal ikertu diren arren, mikroplastiko eta nanoplastikoen inguruko hausnarketa duela gutxi hasi da egiten. Nanomaterialak, mikro eta nanoplastikoak, iturri desberdinetatik iristen dira itsasora eta, beraz, itsas organismoetan eragin ditzaketen kalteen inguruko kezka zabaldu da. Gainera, nanomaterialek, mikroplastikoek eta nanoplastikoek duten azalera/bolumen erlazio handia eta hidrofobizitatea dela eta, arrisku gehigarri bat dute: kutsatzaile organiko iraunkorren garraiatzaile gisa joka dezakete itsasoan. Hau da, nanomaterialek, mikroplastikoek eta nanoplastikoek, itsasoan dauden kutsatzaile organiko iraunkorrak adsorbatu ditzakete eta haien eskuragarritasuna emendatu organismo itsastarrentzat. Lan honen xedea da karbonoan oinarritutako nanomaterialek eta mikro eta nanoplastikoek hainbat espezie itsastarretan eragindako kalte fisiologikoak zein zelula eta molekula mailako kalteak berrikustea. kalte horiek, kutsatzaile organiko iraunkordun karbonoan oinarritutako nanomaterialek, mikro eta nanoplastikoek, eragindako kalteekin alderatu ere egin nahi dira. Adibidez, mikroplastikodun mikroalgekin elikatutako muskuiluek mikroplastikoak agertu dituzte urdailaren argian, digestio epitelioan eta ehun konektiboan, eta bentzo(a)pirenoa moduko kutsatzaile organiko iraunkorra adsorbatuta duten mikroplastikodun mikroalgekin elikatutako muskuiluek bentzo(a)pirenoa metatzen dute ehunetan. Mikroplastikoek bakarrik zein kutsatzaile organikodun mikroplastikoek immunotoxizitatea, kalte fisiologikoak eta DNA mailako kalteak eragiten dizkiete muskuiluei. Hortaz, ingurune konplexu batean, hala nola itsasoan, kutsatzaileak ez direnez modu isolatuan agertzen, ezagutza hori kontuan hartu beharko litzateke, itsas ekosistemen osasuna eta segurtasuna bermatzeko.
ABHD6-aren inhibizioaren azterketa birmielinizazioa bultzatzeko kuprizonaren desmielinizazio primarioaren aniamalia-ereduan
Authors: Bernal-Chico Ana , Manterola Andrea , Mato Susana
Published: April 2020

Esklerosi anizkoitza (EA) nerbio-sistema zentralaren (NSZ) hanturazko gaixotasun desmielinizatzailea da. Gaixotasunaren etiologia zehatza ezagutzen ez den arren, jakina da oligodendrozitoen heriotzarekin eta neuronen endekapenarekin erlazionatutako hantura-lesioak agertzen direla. Gertaera horiek dira, hain zuzen ere, ezgaitasuna eragiten dituztenak pazienteengan. Hala ere, mielinaren birsortze partziala gertatzen da, eta hobekuntza hori bultzatzeko estrategiak dira gaur egun bilatzen direnak. Endokanabinoide-sistemak EAren sintomatologia murrizteko potentziala duela frogatu dute urteetan zehar egindako ikerketek. Zentzu horretan, 2-arakidonoilglizerolaren (2-AG) degradazioa inhibitzeak dirudi estrategia terapeutikorik onena. Monoazilglizerol lipasa (MAGL) entzimak 2-AG-aren proportzio handiena degradatzen du NSZn. Entzima horren inhibizioak, bai desmielinizazioan bai konponketan onurak sustatzen dituen arren, CB1 hartzaileen desentsibilizazioa ere eragiten du. Nahiz eta ABHD familiako hidrolasa 6-k (ABHD6) 2-AG-aren kopuru txikiagoa degradatzen duen egoera basaletan, hantura-egoeretan proportzio handiagoa degradatu egiten du. Horregatik, hanturazko testuinguruetan ABHD6-aren inhibizioa proposatzen da 2-AG mailak igotzeko efektu ez desiragarriak ekiditen diren bitartean. Asmo horrekin, ABHD6-aren inhibitzaile espezifiko baten (KT182) birmielinizazio ahalmena aztertu dugu EA-ren animalia-eredu batean.
Ikaskuntza metodologia aktiboak Donostiako lehen hezkuntzako ikastetxeetan
Authors: Ayúcar Castro Alba , Bereziartua Etxeberria Garbiñe
Published: April 2020

Ikas-irakaskuntza paradigmak aldatu eta ikaslea erdigunean jartzen den garaiotan, irakasteko metodologia aktiboak erabiltzeko testuinguru aproposak sortu dira. Hori horrela izanda, gure testuinguruan gertatzen ari denaren zertzelada bat jaso nahi izan dugu, Donostiako Lehen Hezkuntzako ikastetxeetan metodologia aktiboek daukaten presentzia aztertuz. Horri buruzko datuak eskuratzeko galde-sortak betearazi eta elkarrizketak egin dira. Galde-sortak Donostiako 16 ikastetxetako 46 irakaslek bete dituzte; eta elkarrizketak egin zaizkie Donostiako Berritzeguneko aholkulari bati eta Hezkuntzako ikuskari bati. Emaitzek erakutsi dute zenbait metodologia aktibo ezagutu eta erabiltzen direla baina ez daudela guztiz barneratuta.
Solasaldi literarioak haur hezkuntzan: Donostiako ikastola batean burututako esperientzia
Authors: Aramendi Jauregi Pello , Aramendi Lekuona Goiatz
Published: April 2020

Literatura unibertsalaren lanik onenak partekatzeko, elkarrizketan eta gozamenean oinarritutako hezkuntza-jarduera arrakastatsuenetako bat da solasaldi literarioa. Ikerketaren helburu orokorra da solasaldi literarioak, Oinarrizko Zeharkako Konpetentziak eta Esperientzia Eremuak, Haur Hezkuntzan garatzeko egokiak diren frogatzea. Esperientzia hau Donostiako ikastola batean landu da eta bost urteko 21 ikaslek (15 neska eta 6 mutil) parte hartu dute. Lau ipuinen solasaldiak aztertu ondoren, argi ikustenda solasaldi literarioak, estrategia metodologiko gisa, oso egokiak direla Haur Hezkuntzako Esperientzia Eremuak eta Zeharkako Oinarrizko Konpetentziak lantzeko. Gehien lantzen diren konpetentziak komunikazioa, elkarbizitza eta izaten ikastea dira. Ikasten ikasi eta ekiten ikasi konpetentziak, aldiz, askoz ere gutxiago lantzen dira. Lan honetan ondorioztatzen dena honako hau da: solasaldi literarioan irakaslearen rolak duen garrantzia, konpetentziak eta esperientzia eremuak garatzeko; kontuan izanik, hezitzailearen zeregin nagusia ikaslearen garapen osoa lortzea dela.
Re-viewing scientific models of career as social constructions
Authors: Savickas Mark L.
Published: April 2020

Este artigo discute os conceitos fundamentais da psicologia vocacional do século xx e retoma os seus significados à luz das preocupações dos trabalhadores do século xix. Para integrar as mudanças impostas pela economia mundial, os psicólogos vocacionais e conselheiros de carreira, serão mais eficazes no apoio aos seus clientes se os prepararem para estar aptos a trabalhar (e a ter sucesso) em organizações que não se circunscrevem aos limites do mundo do trabalho tal como este era concebido no século transacto. Para tal, propõe-se que se suplementem os conceitos prevalecentes, sustentadas pelo positivismo lógico, com constructos pós-modernos baseados no construcionismo social.
Advance care planning in participative social work practice
Authors: Payne Malcolm
Published: April 2020

O planeamento antecipado de cuidados (acp) comporta processos que permitem descobrir e registar as preferências pessoais relativas a cuidados e tratamentos em situações futuras bem como diferenciar esta planificação da planificação profissional de cuidados a dirigir a um dado indivíduo. Desenvolvido a partir da aplicação de cuidados paliativos sustentados pela gravação das decisões dos doentes referentes à recusa antecipada de tratamento, prevenindo situações de incapacidade cognitiva no final da vida, os processos de acp alargaram-se, recentemente, aos cuidados de saúde e cuidados de protecção social prolongados. Este processo tem como objectivo envolver clientes, famílias e outros cuidadores informais no sentido de se prepararem para pensar antecipadamente acerca das exigências de situações de necessidade de cuidados difíceis. A investigação demonstra que esse processo aumenta a satisfação dos clientes com os serviços e amplia a probabilidade de se verem alcançadas as escolhas de clientes e famílias. O acp é um avanço importante na teorização do serviço social relativamente às questões específicas da prestação de serviços de longa duração, quando o papel destes serviços se perspectivava apenas focalizado na gestão e coordenação dos casos. Este processo, fortalece, também, a participação dos clientes na tomada de decisão sobre os serviços sociais a adequar à sua situação.
Uma entrevista de Willem Doise com Xenia Chryssochoou (Março de 2009) e com Joaquim Pires Valentim (Setembro de 2009)
Authors: Valentim Joaquim Pires
Published: April 2020

A parte principal desta entrevista foi publicada em Maio de 2009 no European Bulletin of Social Psychology2. Agradeço a Xenia Chryssochoou a sua imediata disponibilidade para a publicarmos agora aqui em português3, seguida do desenvolvimento de alguns pontos que foram retomados num prolongamento posterior dessa conversa que tive, em Coimbra, com Willem Doise.
Teste de Reconhecimento Paralinguístico das Emoções
Authors: Paixão Rui , Coelho Luísa , Ferreira Joana
Published: April 2020

O presente trabalho tem como objectivo a criação de um instrumento de reconhecimento de emoções expressas vocalmente (TRPE), utilizando para o efeito 40 repetições de uma mesma frase, reproduzidas por 6 actores (3 de cada sexo), considerando seis emoções básicas: alegria, raiva, medo, nojo, tristeza e surpresa. Os estímulos auditivos foram testados numa amostra de 478 sujeitos oriundos de Portugal Continental e Ilha da Madeira. As emoções que apresentam os maiores níveis de reconhecimento são a Raiva, a Tristeza e o Medo, enquanto a Surpresa e mais ainda o Nojo se destacam por apresentarem níveis mais baixos de reconhecimento. Entre os sujeitos evidenciam-se diferenças no reconhecimento das emoções assim expressas, particularmente entre homens e mulheres (com vantagem para estas últimas). Foram ainda verificadas algumas diferenças significativas no reconhecimento das emoções considerando as variáveis idade, nível socioeconómico, habilitações académicas e zona de habitação (Continente - Madeira), embora as magnitudes dessas diferenças se apresentem
baixas.