bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High‐efficiencyammonium polyphosphate intumescent encapsulated polypropylene flame retardant
Authors: Huang Zhe , Ruan Bo , Wu Jin , Ma Ning , Jiang Tao , Tsai Fang‐Chang
Published: December 2020

The flame retardant polypropylene containing the micro‐envelope core‐shell structure flame retardant, which encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate into melamine‐formaldehyde resin and sodium silicate through in situ polymerization was prepared with polyamide 6, added as a carbon‐forming agent. The composition of ammonium polyphosphate, encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate with melamine‐formaldehyde resin and the micro‐envelope core‐shell structure flame retardant were characterized. The fire safety and thermal stability were investigated and showed an improvement including limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric analysis, vertical burning tests, and microscale combustion calorimeter. The burned compounds were also studied to confirm the burning mechanism. The results showed the flame retardant performance had been greatly improved, while polyamide 6 had better char‐forming effect. Besides, the water solubility of flame retardants and their influence on the mechanical properties of polypropylene were also investigated. The results on the effects of additives demonstrated a high efficiency flame retardant to polypropylene. A core‐shell flame retardant that sodium silicate and melamine‐formaldehyde resin‐coated ammonium polyphosphate had been constructed. The effect of the built flame retardant system on the combustion performance of polypropylene was studied from the mechanism and performance. The LOI of the most flame retardant polypropylene reached 28.6%, and UL‐94 reached the V‐0 level.
Robust finite frequency H∞ distributed memory filter design for networked control systems with polytopic uncertainty
Authors: Chen Xuefeng , Xu Huiling , Feng Min , Wang Hui
Published: December 2020

This paper addresses the robust finite frequency (FF)
distributed filtering problem for uncertain networked control system (NCS) that consists of heterogeneous subsystems. By using past output measurements and considering the frequency information of disturbance signals, the designed distributed memory filter is able to guarantee that the filtering error system is well‐posed, stable and has the FF
performance. Based on the extended finite frequency bounded realness lemma for uncertain NCSs, the existence condition of robust FF
distributed memory filter is derived. Moreover, it is shown that by taking advantage of more past output measurements of NCS, the proposed design procedure can derive a distributed filter that achieves a lower
performance bound. Finally, a practical example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed filter design method.
New onset of type 2 diabetes as a complication after cancer diagnosis: A systematic review
Authors: Jo Ara , Scarton Lisa , O'Neal LaToya J. , Larson Samantha , Schafer Nancy , George Thomas J. , Munoz Pena Juan M.
Published: December 2020

Background

Despite improved survival rates, cancer survivors are experiencing worse health outcomes with complications of treatment, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), that may deteriorate survivorship. The purpose of this review was to provide a comprehensive review of T2D incidence following cancer diagnosis. Methods: The study included: (1) cohort studies, (2) cancer diagnosis by a doctor, (3) incidence of T2D after diagnosis of cancer, and (4) adult patients over 18 years. Studies that focused on patients who had T2D as a preexisting condition at cancer diagnosis were excluded. Results: Of a total of 16 studies, overall incidence of T2D ranged from 5.4% to 55.3%. The highest T2D incidence rate was observed in colorectal patients with cancer (53%). While results in prostate patients with cancer were mixed, patients who underwent androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) had a significantly higher incidence of new‐onset T2D (12.8%, p = 0.01). Patients treated with chemotherapy within 1–5 years of initial diagnosis of colorectal cancer were at approximately 30% higher risk of T2D. One study found that 48% of T2D was preventable with optimal management during the process of patient care. Conclusion: Blood glucose management may allow physicians to intervene early and improve outcomes among patients with cancer.
Restoration of the dentition in a patient with a history of bruxism and amelogenesis imperfecta: A clinical report
Authors: Tang Yuyao , Cao Tiandong , Zhang Ling , Bao Guangjie , Kang Hong
Published: December 2020

The report describes a 27‐year‐old female patient with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) accompanied by nocturnal bruxism, who was treated with a combination of occlusal splint and full‐mouth fixed prosthetic rehabilitation through follow‐ups within 2 years. Soft splint protection, regular follow‐up, and monitoring of carries are guaranteed to maintain a long‐term curative effect.
Tobacco injury and sucker control efficacy following applications of pelargonic acid
Authors: Vann Matthew C. , Suchoff David H , Machacek Jeremy L. , Cheek Joseph A. , Whitley D. Scott
Published: December 2020

Core Ideas

Low concentrations of pelargonic acid have negligible sucker control efficacy.

Higher concentrations of pelargonic acid are extremely injurious to tobacco.

Pelargonic acid is not a suitable candidate for tobacco sucker control.
Interaction of Hydrogen with Ceria: Hydroxylation, Reduction, and Hydride Formation on the Surface and in the Bulk
Authors: Li Zhaorui , Werner Kristin , Chen Lu , Jia Aiping , Qian Kun , Zhong Jian‐Qiang , You Rui , Wu Lihui , Zhang Liyuan , Pan Haibin , Wu Xin‐Ping , Gong Xue‐Qing , Shaikhutdinov Shamil , Huang Weixin , Freund Hans‐Joachim
Published: December 2020

The study reports the first attempt to address the interplay between surface and bulk in hydride formation in ceria (CeO2) by combining experiment, using surface sensitive and bulk sensitive spectroscopic techniques on the two sample systems, i.e., CeO2(111) thin films and CeO2 powders, and theoretical calculations of CeO2(111) surfaces with oxygen vacancies (Ov) at the surface and in the bulk. We show that, on a stoichiometric CeO2(111) surface, H2 dissociates and forms surface hydroxyls (OH). On the pre‐reduced CeO2−x samples, both films and powders, hydroxyls and hydrides (Ce−H) are formed on the surface as well as in the bulk, accompanied by the Ce3+ ↔ Ce4+ redox reaction. As the Ov concentration increases, hydroxyl is destabilized and hydride becomes more stable. Surface hydroxyl is more stable than bulk hydroxyl, whereas bulk hydride is more stable than surface hydride. The surface hydride formation is the kinetically favorable process at relatively low temperatures, and the resulting surface hydride may diffuse into the bulk region and be stabilized therein. At higher temperatures, surface hydroxyls can react to produce water and create additional oxygen vacancies, increasing its concentration, which controls the H2/CeO2 interaction. The results demonstrate a large diversity of reaction pathways, which have to be taken into account for better understanding of reactivity of ceria‐based catalysts in a hydrogen‐rich atmosphere.
Young adult caregivers' perceptions of cancer misinformation on social media: Response to Warner et al
Authors: Mollica Michelle A. , Chou Wen‐Ying Sylvia , Tonorezos Emily S. , Smith Ashley Wilder
Published: December 2020

The study findings of Warner et al suggest a need to ensure that caregivers have access to cancer information that they can trust. Health care providers need to mitigate the impact of exposure to misinformation on social media and to proactively support patient and caregiver access to credible cancer information.
The International Academy of Cytology Yokohama System for Reporting Breast Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Cytopathology: Analysis and discussion of the response to a web‐based survey
Authors: Field Andrew S. , Kurtycz Daniel F. I. , Raymond Wendy A. , Schmitt Fernando
Published: December 2020

Background

A group of international experts in breast fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) cytopathology, supported by the International Academy of Cytology (IAC), drafted a comprehensive system for reporting breast FNAB cytopathology in 2017‐2018. The editorial team produced a survey to assess the international response to the proposed category structure, definitions, and management recommendations in this draft.

Methods

A web‐based survey of 186 questions was generated using the Qualtrics software package (Provo, Utah) supported by the Division of Information Technology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. The survey was advertised widely—including through the IAC, American Society of Cytopathology, Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology, Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology, and Australian Society of Cytology and to audiences at national and international meetings—and was available from April to June 2018. The data obtained from the 265 respondents was assessed by the editorial team.

Results

The survey provided a snapshot of the current role and use of breast FNAB and the international variations. Demographic questions were followed by specific questions based on the draft category definitions and statements and focused on issues that had generated discussion among the authors, including the FNAB diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ.

Conclusion

The survey results strongly supported the development of the IAC Yokohama System and informed subsequent discussions among the authors regarding the final text.
Identification and localization of a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone‐related neuropeptide in Biomphalaria, an intermediate host for schistosomiasis
Authors: Rosa‐Casillas Mariela , de Jesús Paola Méndez , Vicente Rodríguez Laura C. , Habib Mohamed R. , Croll Roger P. , Miller Mark W.
Published: December 2020

Freshwater snails of the genus Biomphalaria serve as obligatory hosts for the digenetic trematode Schistosoma mansoni, the causative agent for the most widespread form of intestinal schistosomiasis. Within Biomphalaria, S. mansoni larvae multiply and transform into the cercariae form that can infect humans. Trematode development and proliferation is thought to be facilitated by modifications of host behavior and physiological processes, including a reduction of reproduction known as “parasitic castration.” As neuropeptides participate in the control of reproduction across phylogeny, a neural transcriptomics approach was undertaken to identify peptides that could regulate Biomphalaria reproductive physiology. The present study identified a transcript in Biomphalaria alexandrina that encodes a peptide belonging to the gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) superfamily. The precursor and the predicted mature peptide, pQIHFTPDWGNN‐NH2 (designated Biom‐GnRH), share features with peptides identified in other molluscan species, including panpulmonates, opisthobranchs, and cephalopods. An antibody generated against Biom‐GnRH labeled neurons in the cerebral, pedal, and visceral ganglia of Biomphalaria glabrata. GnRH‐like immunoreactive fiber systems projected to all central ganglia. In the periphery, immunoreactive material was detected in the ovotestis, oviduct, albumen gland, and nidamental gland. As these structures serve crucial roles in the production, transport, nourishment, and encapsulation of eggs, disruption of the GnRH system of Biomphalaria could contribute to reduced reproductive activity in infected snails.
Multiscale channel attention network for infrared and visible image fusion
Authors: Zhu Jiahui , Dou Qingyu , Jian Lihua , Liu Kai , Hussain Farhan , Yang Xiaomin
Published: December 2020

Imaging systems with different imaging sensors are widely applied to surveillance field, military field, and medicine field. Particularly, infrared imaging sensors can acquire thermal radiations emitted by different objects but lack textural details, and visible imaging sensors can capture abundant textural information but suffer from loss of scene information under poor weather conditions. The fusion of infrared and visible images can synthesize a new image with complementary information of the source images. In this paper, we present a deep learning method with encoder–decoder architecture for infrared and visible image fusion. Firstly, multiscale channel attention blocks are introduced to extract features at different scales, which can preserve more meaningful information and enhance the important information. Secondly, we utilize the improved fusion strategy based on visual saliency to fuse feature maps. Lastly, the fusion result is restored via reconstruction network. In comparison with other state‐of‐the‐art approaches, our experimental results achieve appealing performance on visual effects and objective assessments.
Exploring blast composition in myelodysplastic syndromes and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms: CD45RA and CD371 improve diagnostic value of flow cytometry through assessment of myeloblast heterogeneity and stem cell aberrancy
Authors: Shameli Afshin , Dharmani‐Khan Poonam , Luider Joanne , Auer Iwona , Shabani‐Rad Meer‐Taher
Published: December 2020

Background

Flow cytometry immunophenotyping (FCIP) can improve diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN), although its application is challenging due to difficulties in standardization, complexity of antibody panels and subjective interpretation of data. Since blasts are invariably affected in these disorders, we developed a FCIP approach for detailed and objective analysis of the blast population.

Methods

FCIP using a one‐tube 10‐color (13‐marker) antibody panel was performed on bone marrow samples from 23 MDS and 8 MDS/MPN patients, 21 cytopenic patients non‐diagnostic for MDS (Non‐MDS), and 16 Control samples.

Results

MDS and MDS/MPN cases demonstrated one to several immunophenotypic abnormalities including: increased myeloblasts, decreased stage‐1 hematogones, aberrant stem cells, abnormal myeloblast heterogeneity/divergence from normal, increased or decreased CD45 intensity, increased CD117 or CD123 intensity, decreased CD38 intensity, and aberrant expression of lineage markers (CD5, CD19, CD56). A Blast score was developed that showed sensitivity of 80.6% and specificity of 90.5% for immunophenotypic diagnosis of MDS and MDS/MPN. Expression levels of CD45RA and CD371 were used to evaluate abnormal myeloblast heterogeneity and stem cell aberrancy. Both these features were, for the first time, incorporated into a scoring system and resulted in 19% increase in the sensitivity of the assay for lower‐risk MDS.

Conclusion

Deep immunophenotypic analysis of the blast population is valuable for diagnosis of MDS and MDS/MPN and can potentially provide sensitivity and specificity figures comparable to those previously described using more comprehensive panels that assess maturing myelomonocytic and erythroid elements in addition to progenitor cells.
COVID‐19, androgens, and androgenic alopecia
Authors: Wambier Carlos Gustavo , Mehta Nina , Goren Andy , Cadegiani Flavio A.
Published: December 2020

The severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in males may be due to the higher androgen expression. It is also known that androgen sensitivity is correlated with androgenic alopecia. The “Gabrin sign” identifies those with severe androgen alopecia (Hamilton Norwood scale = 3–7) who are at a higher risk for developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) symptoms. The aim of this review article is to examine the current scientific evidence of the link between androgenic alopecia, androgens, and the severity of COVID‐19 and also, to review possible therapeutic targets to impact COVID‐19 outcomes.

The activation of the androgen receptor results in an increase in tissular expression of TMPRSS2 a protease that primes the spikes of SARS‐CoV‐2 for infectivity, resulting in the potential increase of viral load and dissemination through organs.

Therapies directed at suppressing the androgen expression have demonstrated clinical applicability to modify the host's vulnerability to COVID‐19. This brings new insight to interventional virology research, particularly in respiratory viruses, such as coronavirus and influenza, which depend on TMPRSS2 surface antigen priming for infectivity.
Visualization of flavor of sake using taste sensor and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Kanno Yoichiro , Hirata Miyo , Mitani Keiichi , Shirota Shiho , Onodera Takeshi , Toko Kiyoshi
Published: December 2020

In the alcoholic beverage industry, expressing “flavor” of sake in an easy‐to‐understand manner is one of the important issues. So far, we have been conducting equipment analyses using taste sensors and sensory evaluation when people actually drink sake in order to easily understand the “taste” of sake felt by the tongue. By combining them statistically, we have developed the “Sake Flavor Chart.” However, the map does not include data on the “scent” of sake. The scent of sake is composed of various ingredients such as banana and apple‐like scent called “Ginjo” scent, aged scent, and aldehyde odor, and is a very important factor in expressing the “flavor” of sake. The purpose of this study is to improve the accuracy of the existing sake taste map by comprehensively analyzing the “flavor” of sake using a taste sensor and GC‐MS. In this research, “Sake Flavor Chart” becomes a tool that can express not only the “taste” but also the “scent” of sake in an objective and easy‐to‐understand manner by approaching the flavor of sake from more diverse perspectives than before.
The role of hummocks in re‐establishing black spruce forest following permafrost thaw
Authors: Haynes Kristine M. , Smart Jessica , Disher Brenden , Carpino Olivia , Quinton William L.
Published: December 2020

Northwestern Canada's discontinuous permafrost landscape is transitioning rapidly due to permafrost thaw, with the conversion of elevated, forested peat plateaus to low‐lying, treeless wetlands. Increasing hydrological connectivity leads to partial drainage of previously‐isolated bogs, which have been observed to subsequently develop hummock microtopography. However, the role of microtopographic features in the future trajectory of the transitioning landscape is unclear, including their potential controls on tree re‐establishment. In order to understand the role of hummocks in landscape change, research was conducted at the Scotty Creek Research Station, Northwest Territories, to measure hummock and black spruce tree physical characteristics, and assess tree and hummock spatial coverage in peat plateaus, collapse scar bogs and the advanced transitional feature known as treed bogs. Canopy coverage in all landforms and wetland hummock areal coverage was assessed using a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) canopy gap fraction model and multispectral imagery. Hummocks, which are not underlain by permafrost but contain seasonal ice, support the establishment of black spruce trees due to favourable soil moisture conditions. Hummock flank moisture in treed bogs is intermediate between those of dry peat plateaus and inundated collapse scar bogs. Black spruce trees on peat plateaus and in treed bogs are significantly taller and of greater circumference than those in collapse scar bogs. The spatial distribution of hummocks and canopy coverage of black spruce trees in treed bogs collectively suggest that these features may play an important role in the advanced stages of permafrost thaw‐driven transition of the discontinuous permafrost landscape.
BirA*‐protein A fusion protein based BioEnhancer amplifies western blot immunosignal
Authors: Wang Zhen , Li Ziyang , Su Tian , Han Xiao , Hou Zhanwu , Zheng Yupeng , Liu Jiachen , Xu Jun , Yang Jeffy , Liu Huadong
Published: December 2020

Western blot (protein immunoblot) is a widely used analytical technique in molecular biology. Utilizing the specific recognizing primary antibody, proteins immobilized on various matrix are investigated by subsequent visualization steps, for example, by the horse radish peroxidase conjugated secondary antibody incubation. Methods to improve the sensitivity in protein identification or quantification are appreciated by biochemists. Herein, we report a new strategy to amplify Western blot signals by constructing a probe with proximal labeling and IgG targeting abilities. The R118G mutation attenuated the biotin‐AMP binding affinity of the bacterial biotin ligase BirA*, offering a proximity‐dependent labeling ability, which could be used as a signal amplifier. We built a BirA*‐protein A fusion protein (BioEnhancer) that specifically binds to IgG and adds biotin tags to its proximal amine groups, enhancing the immunosignal of target proteins. In our experiments, the BioEnhancer system amplified the immunosignal by tenfold compared to the standard western blot. Additionally, our strategy could couple with other signal enhancement methods to further increase the western blot sensitivity.
Effect of micro blasting process parameters on 3D surface topography and surface properties of zirconia (Y‐TZP) ceramics
Authors: Yetik Okan , Yavuzyegit Berzah , Yıldıran Avcu Yasemin , Koçoğlu Hürol , Pekkan Gürel , Sarıdağ Serkan , Guney Mert , Avcu Egemen
Published: December 2020

The present study aims to examine the effects of operational parameters on the surface topography and wear mechanisms of monolithic and conventional yttria‐stabilized zirconia (Y‐TZP) ceramics in the micro blasting process, performed under various acceleration pressures (1.5–3 bar), particle impact angles (30°–90°), and erodent particle sizes (50–460 μm). Three‐dimensional (3D) surface topography, surface roughness, and surface morphology of micro‐blasted specimens were analyzed by using non‐contact optical profilometry and SEM‐EDS. The micro blasting characteristics of both Y‐TZP were similar that increased blasting pressure and erodent particle size increased surface roughness. Erosion rate increased with increasing blasting pressure, whereas it decreased with increasing erodent particle size. Particle size was the most effective parameter on changing surface topography, while the particle impact angle had no distinct effect on the erosion rate, surface roughness, and surface topography of Y‐TZP ceramics. SEM‐EDS analyses showed that the primary wear mechanism during micro blasting was micro‐cutting with a substantial amount of embedded particles on the material's surface.
Review on Synthesis and Catalytic Coupling Mechanism of Highly Active Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting
Authors: Liu Wenhao , Cao Dong , Cheng Daojian
Published: December 2020

Hydrogen (H2), derived from electrochemical water splitting, is usually believed to be a promising alternative for fossil energy due to its environmentally friendly and renewable traits. At present, IrO2 and Pt/C are regarded as the state‐of‐the‐art electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), respectively, but their poor durability and high cost severely impede the wide applications. Thus, constructing highly active, stable, and low‐cost electrocatalysts for OER and HER is significantly important. Herein, the synthesis methods, construction of active sites, and catalytic coupling mechanisms for water splitting are fully summarized. In particular, the alloy effect, interface effect, various defects, and doping effects in electrocatalysts are the main reasons to improve the intrinsic catalytic activities. Finally, the future development trend of electrochemical catalysts for water splitting is prospected in the conclusion. It is believed that a comprehensive understanding of materials design strategies is provided, which is beneficial to the development of water splitting.
Synthesis and Characterization of Tris(oxazolinyl)borato Copper(II) and Copper(I) Complexes
Authors: Eedugurala Naresh , Wang Zhuoran , Kanbur Uddhav , Ellern Arkady , Pruski Marek , Sadow Aaron D.
Published: December 2020

The reaction of ToMTl (ToM=tris(4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐oxazolinyl)phenylborate) and CuBr2 in benzene at 60 °C provides ToMCuBr (1) as an entry‐point into tris(oxazolinyl)phenylborato copper chemistry. ToMCuOtBu (2) and ToMCuOAc (3) are prepared by the reactions of ToMCuBr with KOtBu and NaOAc, respectively. ToMCuOtBu is transformed into (ToMCuOH)2 (4) through hydrolysis. NMR, FT‐IR, and EPR spectroscopies are used to determine the electronic and structural properties of these copper(II) compounds, and the solid‐state structures were characterized by X‐ray crystallography. Reduction of copper is observed upon treatment of ToMCuOtBu with phenylsilane in an attempt to synthesize monomeric copper(II) hydride. ToMCu (5) and ToM2Cu (6) were independently synthesized and characterized for comparison.
Barriers to mother‐adolescent communication about sex, maternal monitoring and sexual behaviour among adolescents in Mexico
Authors: Espinosa‐Hernández Graciela , Halgunseth Linda C. , Pond Richard S. , Daugherty Julia C. , Dark‐Freudeman Alissa R.
Published: December 2020

Mexican mothers have an important role in adolescent sexuality; however, they report multiple barriers to parent–child sex communication, which may impact adolescent sexual behaviour. This cross‐sectional study examines whether adolescent perceptions of maternal barriers to communication are associated with adolescent sexual behaviour frequency indirectly through its association with maternal monitoring, and whether these associations differ by age and gender. Mexican adolescents (N = 1433), ages 12–19 (53% girls), completed a survey on normative sexual behaviours, adolescent perceptions of maternal barriers to sex communication, and maternal monitoring. Structural equation modelling analyses revealed that more barriers to communication (adolescent perceptions) were associated with more sexual behaviour frequency (i.e., oral and vaginal sex) among Mexican adolescents indirectly through its association with maternal monitoring. Findings were stronger for adolescents in 8th grades, but no differences were found by gender. This model expands our understanding of the parenting factors that impact Mexican adolescent sexuality.
Ursolic acid ameliorates hypobaric hypoxia‐induced skeletal muscle protein loss via upregulating Akt pathway: An experimental study using rat model
Authors: Rathor Richa , Agrawal Akanksha , Kumar Ravi , Suryakumar Geetha , Singh Som Nath
Published: December 2020

Hypobaric hypoxic stress leads to oxidative stress, inflammation, and disturbance in protein turnover rate. Aggregately, this imbalance in redox homeostasis is responsible for skeletal muscle protein loss and a decline in physical performance. Hence, an urgent medical need is required to ameliorate skeletal muscle protein loss. The present study investigated the efficacy of ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpene acid to ameliorate hypobaric hypoxia (HH)‐induced muscle protein loss. UA is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpene acid present in several edible herbs and fruits such as apples. It contains skeletal muscle hypertrophy activity; still its potential against HH‐induced muscle protein loss is unexplored. To address this issue, an in vivo study was planned to examine the beneficial effect of UA supplementation on HH‐induced skeletal muscle loss. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to HH with and without UA supplementation (20 mg/kg; oral) for 3 continuous days. The results described the beneficial role of UA as supplementation of UA with HH exposure attenuated reactive oxygen species production and oxidative protein damage, which indicate the potent antioxidant activity. Furthermore, UA supplementation enhanced Akt, pAkt, and p70S6kinase activity (Akt pathway) and lowered the pro‐inflammatory cytokines in HH exposed rats. UA has potent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity, and it enhanced the protein content via upregulation of Akt pathway‐related proteins against HH exposure. These three biological activities of UA make it a novel candidate for amelioration of HH‐induced skeletal muscle damage and protein loss.
LncRNA UCA1 remits LPS‐engendered inflammatory damage through deactivation of miR‐499b‐5p/TLR4 axis
Authors: Zhao Yan‐jun , Chen Yue‐e , Zhang Hong‐jun , Gu Xing
Published: December 2020

Neonatal pneumonia is a high neonatal mortality disease. The current research was designed to elucidate the modulatory function and feasible molecular mechanism of UCA1 in LPS‐induced injury in pneumonia. Herein, LPS was applied to induce WI‐38 cell inflammatory damage. We displayed that UCA1 was elevated in LPS‐injured WI‐38 cells. In the functional aspect, intervention of UCA1 evidently aggrandized cell viability in LPS‐triggered WI‐38 cells. In the meanwhile, elimination of UCA1 distinctly assuaged cell apoptosis concomitant with declined levels of proapoptotic proteins Bax and C‐caspase‐3, and ascended the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐2. Subsequently, disruption of UCA1 manifestly restrained inflammatory damage as characterized by declination of multiple pro‐inflammatory factors IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α in WI‐38 cells under LPS circumstance. More importantly, we predicted and verified that UCA1 functioned as a ceRNA by efficaciously binding to miR‐499b‐5p thereby inversely adjusting miR‐499b‐5p expression. Interesting, TLR4 was identified as direct target of miR‐499b‐5p, and positively regulated by UCA1 through sponging miR‐499b‐5p. Mechanistically, absence of miR‐499b‐5p or restoration of TLR4 impeded the beneficial effects of UCA1 ablation on LPS‐stimulated apoptosis and inflammatory response. Collectively, these observations illuminated that UCA1 inhibition protected WI‐38 cells against LPS‐managed inflammatory injury and apoptosis process via miR‐499b‐5p/TLR4 crosstalk, which ultimately influencing the development of pneumonia.
Preparation and characterization of 58S bioactive glass based scaffold with Kaempferol‐containing Zein coating for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Ranjbar Faezeh Esmaeili , Foroutan Farzad , Hajian Mahdieh , Ai Jafar , Farsinejad Alireza , Ebrahimi‐Barough Somaye , Dehghan Mohammad Mehdi , Azami Mahmoud
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to prepare a porous scaffold out of 58S bioactive glass as the bare and coated with Zein to improve mechanical properties and acting as a carrier for Kaempferol controlled delivery. Porosity and morphology, mechanical properties, drug release behavior, bioactivity, cell attachment, and biodegradation of the scaffolds were evaluated accordingly. Obtained results indicated that the scaffolds coated by (7wt/v %) Zein solution, showed the highest mechanical strength (3.06 ± 0.4 MPa) and desirable porous morphology. These scaffolds could support bioactivity, cell attachment, and provide sustained drug release in the safe range of Kaempferol concentration confirmed via 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide analysis. Overall, this study showed that the Zein‐coated scaffold possesses superior properties rather than bare scaffold, and the scaffolds coated with 7wt/v % Zein solution could be considered as appropriate scaffolds for bone regeneration.
Anatomical changes in postembryonic development of Pycnogonum litorale
Authors: Alexeeva Nina , Tamberg Yuta
Published: December 2020

Sea spiders (Pycnogonida) are a small group of arthropods, sister to other chelicerates. They have an unusual adult bauplan, oligosegmented larvae, and a protracted postembryonic development. Pycnogonum litorale (Strøm, 1762) is an uncommonly long‐lived sea spider with a distinctive protonymphon and adult anatomy. Although it was described ~250 years ago, little is known about its internal organization and development. We examined the anamorphic and early epimorphic development of this species using histology, light microscopy, and SEM, and provide the first comprehensive anatomical study of its many instars. Postembryonic development of P. litorale includes transformations typical of pycnogonids: reorganization of the larval organs (digestive, nervous, secretory), formation of the abdomen, trunk segments (+ appendages), primary body cavity and reproductive system. Specific traits include the accelerated articulation of the walking legs, formation of the subesophageal and posterior synganglia, and the system of twin midgut diverticula. In addition, P. litorale simultaneously lose the spinning apparatus and all larval appendages. We found that developmental changes occur in synchrony with changes in ecology and food sources. The transition from the anamorphic to the epimorphic period in particular is marked by considerable anatomical and lifestyle shifts.

Highlights

Postembryonic development of P. litorale includes numerous anamorphic and epimorphic stages. The instars acquire abdomen, trunk segments, body cavity, and gonads, while losing all larval appendages. Developmental changes are synchronized with changes in lifestyle and food sources.
Dynamic tracking of variant frequencies depicts the evolution of mutation sites amongst SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes from India
Authors: Hudson B. Shenu , Kolte Vaishnavi , Khan Azra , Sharma Gaurav
Published: December 2020

With the exponential spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic across the world within the 12 months, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) strains are continuously trying to adapt themselves to the host environment by random mutations. When doing so, some variants with evolutionary advantages such as better human to human transmissibility potential might get naturally selected. This short communication demonstrates how the mutation frequency patterns are evolving in 2457 SAR‐CoV‐2 strains isolated from COVID‐19 patients across diverse Indian states. We have identified 19 such variants showing contrasting mutational probabilities in the span of 7 months. Out of these, 14 variants are showing increasing mutational probabilities suggesting their propagation with time due to their unexplored evolutionary advantages. However, the mutational probabilities of five variants have significantly decreased in June onward as compared to March/April, suggesting their termination with time. Further in‐depth investigation of these identified variants will provide valuable knowledge about the evolution, infection strategies, transmission rates, and epidemiology of SARS‐CoV‐2.
Dynamic relationship between meteorological conditions and air pollutants based on a mixed Copula model
Authors: He Simin , Li Zhiyao , Wang Wenjie , Yu Mingxing , Liu Liangpo , Alam Md Nur , Gao Qian , Wang Tong
Published: December 2020

Many methods have been developed to verify the correlation between meteorological conditions and air pollutants; however, all have limitations that lead to biased or incomplete conclusions. Hence, improved methods are urgently required to describe this correlation comprehensively and accurately. In this study, we demonstrated the ability of the Copula function to apply time‐varying correlations between meteorological factors and atmospheric pollutants. A mixed Copula model was constructed using meteorological monitoring data for Beijing and Guangzhou from 2014 to 2019 to dynamically analyse the correlation characteristics and tail dependence between these factors. We then performed a correlation analysis for the data from the average, lower, and upper tails to obtain a more accurate and comprehensive correlation description. Dynamic analysis results demonstrated significant seasonal fluctuations between meteorological conditions and pollutants relationships. Moreover, the correlation coefficient variations differ according to their average and tail values. High humidity is more likely to be accompanied by increased NO2 compared with average summer humidity. Our proposed model represents a novel application of the Copula function for determining the factors influencing air pollution. This model emphasizes the tail dependence between meteorological conditions and air pollutant concentrations and can be used to guide more targeted prevention and control strategies.
The interplay of KRAS mutational status with tumor laterality in non‐metastatic colorectal cancer: An international, multi‐institutional study in patients with known KRAS, BRAF, and MSI status
Authors: Kamphues Carsten , Kadowaki Shigenori , Amini Neda , van den Berg Inge , Wang Jaeyun , Andreatos Nikolaos , Sakamoto Yuki , Ogura Toshiro , Kakuta Miho , Pikouli Anastasia , Geka Despoina , Daitoku Nobuya , Theochari Maria , Buettner Stefan , Akiyama Takahiko , Antoniou Efstathios , Pikoulis Emmanouil , Theodoropoulos George , Imai Katsunori , Ijzermans Jan N. M. , Margonis Georgios A. , Akagi Kiwamu , Kreis Martin E.
Published: December 2020

Background

Although the prognostic relevance of KRAS status in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) depends on tumor laterality, this relationship is largely unknown in non‐metastatic CRC.

Methods

Patients who underwent resection for non‐metastatic CRC between 2000 and 2018 were identified from institutional databases at six academic tertiary centers in Europe and Japan. The prognostic relevance of KRAS status in patients with right‐sided (RS), left‐sided (LS), and rectal cancers was assessed.

Results

Of the 1093 eligible patients, 378 had right‐sided tumors and 715 had left‐sided tumors. Among patients with RS tumors, the 5‐year overall (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) for patients with KRASmut versus wild‐type tumors was not shown to differ significantly (82.2% vs. 83.2% and 72.1% vs. 76.7%, respectively, all p > .05). Among those with LS tumors, KRAS mutation was associated with shorter 5‐year OS and RFS on both the univariable (OS: 79.4% vs. 86.1%, p = .004; RFS: 68.8% vs. 77.3%, p = .005) and multivariable analysis (OS: HR: 1.52, p = .019; RFS: HR: 1.32, p = .05).

Conclusions

KRAS mutation status was independently prognostic among patients with LS tumors, but this association failed to reach statistical significance in RS and rectal tumors. These findings confirm reports in metastatic CRC and underline the possible biologic importance of tumor location.
Use of tranexamic acid is not associated with complications following bipolar hemiarthroplasty for metastatic disease
Authors: Owen Aaron , Wellings Elizabeth P. , Wyles Cody C. , Yuan Brandon J. , Rose Peter S. , Houdek Matthew T.
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Advances in the care of cancer patients have resulted in increased survival. The proximal femur is a common site for metastatic disease, often requiring surgical intervention. Tranexamic acid (TXA) has proven to be safe in elective and traumatic femoral hemiarthroplasty; however, its use has not been investigated in oncologic patients.

Method

We reviewed 66 patients (37 males) with a mean age of 64 ± 3 years undergoing a hemiarthroplasty for metastatic disease in the femoral neck. A total of 22 (33%) patients received intraoperative TXA. Primary outcomes included postoperative blood loss, intraoperative and postoperative transfusion requirement, and postoperative complications.

Results

There was no difference in the baseline characteristics between the TXA and non‐TXA groups. When comparing the TXA and non‐TXA groups, there were no differences in 72 h postoperative blood loss between groups (1.21 L vs. 1.33 L, p = 0.61), percentage of patients requiring transfusion (36.4% vs. 36.4%, p = 1.0), or the incidence of postoperative complications including venous thromboembolism (14% vs. 11%, p = 0.70) and pulmonary embolism (0% vs. 5%, p = 1.0).

Conclusion

Oncology patients are a high‐risk population for thromboembolic events. This initial study supports the safe use of TXA intraoperatively in femoral hemiarthroplasty performed for metastatic disease.
LC–MS based plasma metabolomics study of the intervention effect of different polar parts of Hawthorn on hyperlipidemia rats
Authors: Zeng Lu , Luo Lan , Xue Qi , He Qiong , Chen Xingyu , Meng Jiang , Wang Shumei , Liang Shengwang
Published: December 2020

Hawthorn, a well‐known traditional Chinese medicine is used for the treatment of dyspepsia syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and hyperlipidemia. Hawthorn has complex composition. However, the effective fraction and mechanisms of action in alleviating hyperlipidemia are unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of four different polar components of hawthorn on hyperlipidemia rats, and to explore underlying mechanisms of action through liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry based plasma metabolomics. Hyperlipidemia rat model was established by feeding rats using a high‐fat diet. High‐fat model rats were then treated with four polar components of hawthorn for 14 consecutive days. Plasma samples were collected and subjected to biochemical and metabolomics analysis. Biochemical analysis showed that hawthorn n‐butanol and ethyl acetate extracts had the highest efficacy on hyperlipidemia rats. Water fraction showed a partial effect, whereas petroleum ether extract was not effective against hyperlipidemia rats. Furthermore, liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry metabolomics analysis showed that the most effective fraction of hawthorn reversed the metabolic disorder in plasma of hyperlipidemia rats. Metabolomics analysis showed that hawthorn exerts its activity by modulating lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and amino acid metabolism.
Raman Lasing in Multimode Silicon Racetrack Resonators
Authors: Zhang Yaojing , Zhong Keyi , Tsang Hon Ki
Published: December 2020

Integrated Raman lasers have been well explored using silica and silicon platforms for decades. A well‐known equation with negligible nonlinear losses is employed for predictions of Raman lasing threshold powers in critically coupled cavities. However, nonlinear losses are known to be highly detrimental to silicon devices. Herein, for the first time, including the effects of linear loss, nonlinear losses, and cavity design, a new general equation that predicts the onset of Raman lasing in a cavity is derived and validated experimentally. Generally, a cavity with a small effective area, a short length, and high quality factors (Qs) at both pump and Stokes wavelengths can lase at relatively low pump power. This theory is verified by the experimental results with sub‐milliwatt threshold powers in 2.8 mm long multimode cavities with different Qs at different pump wavelengths. The derived Raman gain coefficients from the measurements follow the scaling rules of Raman gain. This work advances the understanding of Raman lasing in high‐Q multimode cavities. It also shows that Raman lasing at O/S‐band is possible in racetrack resonators without needing any reverse bias and the broad operation wavelength is promising for single‐chip silicon devices operating at all communication bands.
Numerical and experimental investigation on the performance of hybrid porous gas journal bearings
Authors: Li Wenjun , Wang Sijing , Zhao Zilong , Zhang Kai , Feng Kai , Hou Weijie
Published: December 2020

As the progress of the high‐speed performance requirement for porous gas journal bearings continuing, the aerodynamic effect, which plays a key role in the state of lubrication, causes the porous gas journal bearings being gradually to be used as hybrid bearings. This paper firstly presents a theoretical analysis on the lubrication mechanism of the hybrid bearings. The gas flow in the porous and clearance is modelled by using the mass continuity equation. Two experimental test rigs are designed to systematically test the static and dynamic characteristics of the hybrid bearings. The numerical results are corroborated by the experimental data. Results show that there is optimal clearance for hybrid bearings to obtain maximum load capacity. The load capacity of the hybrid bearings is increased by the aerodynamic effect to be higher than that of pure aerostatic bearings especially at higher rotational speed and larger eccentric ratio. However, due to the occurrence of the aerodynamic effect, the hybrid bearings show clear cross‐coupling dynamic coefficients, which may lead to bearing instability. It is interesting to note that the direct dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients are both influenced by the aerodynamic and aerostatic effects. Higher rotational speed and external supply pressure will result in higher direct dynamic coefficients.
A 9‐month‐old Chinese patient with Gabriele‐de Vries syndrome due to novel germline mutation in the YY1 gene
Authors: Tan Li , Li Ying , Liu Fan , Huang Yufeng , Luo Sukun , Zhao Peiwei , Gu Weiyue , Lin Jun , Zhou Aifen , He Xuelian
Published: December 2020

Background

Gabriele‐de Vries syndrome (GADEVS), also known as YY1 haploinsufficiency syndrome, is a very rare autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) due to YY1 mutation characterized by mild‐to‐profound developmental delay (DD)/intellectual disability (ID), a wide spectrum of functional and morphologic abnormalities, and intrauterine growth restriction or low birth weight and feeding difficulties are common in the patients. However, NDDs, such as language development disorder and ID, could hardly be assessed in patients younger than 2 years old.

Methods

We describe a 9‐month‐old female with DD, failure to thrive, and facial dysmorphism. Genetic analysis was conducted by whole exome sequencing (WES) and confirmed by Sanger sequencing.

Results

In addition to DD and dysmorphic facial features, this patient had urinary tract infection, acute pyelonephritis, bilateral vesicoureteral reflux (grade III), gastroesophageal reflux, and malnutrition. She was found to have foramen ovale or atrial septal defect, and enlarged left lateral ventricle in the brain. After performing WES, a novel heterozygous mutation NM_003403.5:c.1124G>A, p.Arg375Gln in the YY1 gene was identified.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that genetic tests are critical technique for diagnosis of GADEVS, especially in patients with early‐childhood, unexplained developmental or growth disorders, thus, the prevalence of GADEVS may be underestimated. The clinical features and identified YY1 mutation in our patient expand the spectra of phenotypes and genotypes of GADEVS, respectively.
Experimental Evaluation of the Miniemulsion Polymerization of Vinyl Pivalate: The role of the Main Process Variables
Authors: Neto Weslany Silvério , Dutra Gabriel Victor Simões , Valadares Leonardo Fonseca , de Souza Fernando Gomes , Sousa Marcelo Henrique , Machado Fabricio
Published: December 2020

Poly(vinyl pivalate) (PVPi) nanoparticles obtained via miniemulsion have particular properties useful for several applications. Thus, the present study aims to synthesize and characterize PVPi nanoparticles through the miniemulsion polymerization process, studying the effects of water‐soluble and oil‐soluble initiators, polymerization temperature, and the co‐stabilizer concentration on the final properties of the polymer, nanoparticle size, and conversion. The polymeric nanoparticles are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR), thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. The miniemulsion polymerization process ensures the formation of a polymeric fluid with high colloidal and thermal stability, with maximum conversions of ≈85% and average particle diameter of 97.2 ± 21.8 nm. The polymeric properties, such as molar mass and glass transition temperature (Tg), are influenced by process variables such as synthesis temperature and the type of initiator. The use of potassium persulfate and 2,2‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiators favors the homogeneous nucleation mechanism, resulting in a decrease in the average particle diameter and in the growth of the chains, result in greater average molar masses and, consequently, greater Tg.