bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual education: connecting education and the labor market
Authors: Pogátsnik Monika
Published: October 2021

In this study, we review the situation of dual education in Hungary, both in vocational education and higher education. In vocational training, the Vocational Training Act 2019 has brought significant changes, with the emphasized aim of bringing the world of trainers and the world of work closer together so that training can increasingly meet the economic challenges of the 21st century. Dual training has been operating in higher education since 2015, during which time both partner companies and universities have accumulated a remarkable amount of experience. The aim is to involve as many industry players as possible in dual training, both in vocational training and in higher education. Although the two types of training differ in many respects, but the methodology of dual training, and the main criteria are similar, so we find it interesting to compare the parallels and experiences for each actor. Many companies have students in both secondary and tertiary dual training, and mainly the same staff member or area is responsible for organizing their education. In addition to reviewing the purpose and benefits of dual training, the study aims to share first-hand information from practice and training sites.
ДОВІРА В СИСТЕМІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ У ГРОМАДІ
Authors: Syla T. I.
Published: October 2021

Розкривається роль довіри в конструюванні форм і змісту сучасної соціальної роботи в громаді, яка б відповідала актуальному соціальному замовленню. Показано, що соціальна робота в громаді завдяки своїм повсякденним практикам наділена ресурсом трансформації міжособистісної довіри в інституційні форми соціальної довіри і, таким чином, спрямована на розв’язання комплексних соціальних проблем, зумовлених невизначеністю майбутнього в постмодерному суспільстві, що трансформується і переживає багаторівневу кризу. У міждисциплінарному науковому дискурсі феномен довіри “вплітається“ в тематику соціального капіталу та соціального благополуччя як їхня складова, умова і наслідок. Обстоюється думка, що об’єднавчий (від англ. bridging – “той, що будує мости”) соціальний капітал дає змогу мобілізувати додаткові ресурси людських відносин на основі довіри і зв’язків, тобто нарощування соціального капіталу спільноти зміцнює її, забезпечуючи згуртованість людей у громаді. Наголошується на тому, що чим більший радіус довіри (коло осіб чи соціальних груп, що становлять єдину систему довірчих стосунків), тим потужніший соціальний капітал громади. Представлено результати аналізу змісту групових дискусій і поділених рефлексій навколо феноменологічних смислів довіри та чинників, що впливають на становлення довіри і взаєморозуміння в місцевих громадах (дослідження здійснювалося на партисипативній основі під час фасилітації програми “Активні громадяни” Британської ради). На основі використання методології феноменологічного і конструктивістського підходів, методик партисипативного дослідження зроблено висновок про те, що взаємовідносини довіри є сутністю соціальної роботи в громаді і водночас її метою, засобом, принципом і ресурсом, а в контексті професійної діяльності – ще й важливою компетенцією.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПОВЕРНЕННЯ ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ ДО МИРНОГО ЖИТТЯ ПІСЛЯ УЧАСТІ В АТО
Authors: Dyshkant O. V.
Published: October 2021

Висвітлено основні проблеми, з якими стикаються родини військовослужбовців після їхнього повернення із зони бойових дій. Проаналізовано зміни в поведінці комбатантів, етапи психологічної корекції цих змін та наведено основні правила спілкування з військовослужбовцями в їхніх родинах. Викладено міркування автора з приводу негативного впливу воєнної травми на психологічне здоров’я військовослужбовців та цивільних осіб, які зазнали такого травмування. Проаналізовано зарубіжну статистику негативних впливів бойових дій на психіку солдата та досвід їх мінімізації. Встановлено, що вчасно надана екстрена психологічна допомога та постійний психологічний супровід дають змогу істотно зменшити число негативних психічних проявів серед ветеранів війни. Наголошено, що існують певні правила спілкування з учасниками бойових дій, які повернулися додому. Незнання цих правил або нехтування ними можуть призвести до трагічних наслідків, пов’язаних з особливостями сприймання навколишньої дійсності учасниками бойових дій. Звертається увага на те, що система психологічної реабілітації в державі досі перебуває на стадії становлення і координується переважно громадськими та волонтерськими організаціями; наразі немає єдиної структури, яка б опікувалася підвищенням психологічної грамотності цивільного населення щодо питань наслідків перебування в осередку бойових дій та особливостей спілкування з військовими в мирному житті. Ситуація, яка склалася у зв’язку з воєнною травматизацією великої кількості військовослужбовців та цивільного населення, може не лише посилювати і так численні негативні психічні прояви, а й призводити до економічних негараздів у країні. Робиться висновок про необхідність комплексного, багатомірного підходу до розв’язання проблеми мінімізації наслідків воєнної травми на основі використання сучасних технологій та досвіду країн, які успішно розв’язують цю проблему.
SEMANTIC DIFFICULTIES IN SCIENCE AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATION
Authors: Anakkar Abdelkader
Published: October 2021

Generally speaking, a scientific activity consists in observing phenomena of nature, quantifying the observations, measurements & modelling data, eventual theory would be birth. Each of these steps is based on a vocabulary, more or less specific to the relevant discipline, and depends on a critical way, and making use of oral-and-written scientific expressions; partially within natural language. Nevertheless, if some scientific words correspond, generally speaking, to words used in the daily life-natural language (for example weights, force, energy, work, heat etc.), it does not mean scientific concepts are discussed: i.e., reputedly difficult such as entropy, the total change in entropy or entropy production, etc. How can we make a sense of these semantic difficulties?
ARE STORKS HOMOSEXUALS? PERSISTENCE OF MISCONCEPTIONS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Kubiatko Milan , Balatova Kristyna
Published: October 2021

The misconceptions about different scientific phenomena are persisting from childhood till adulthood and no method managed to transform it into the correct form. The study is focused on finding out the misconceptions about common facts of zoology and also human body. The respondents were 112 university students. Among these respondents were 22 science major students and the rest of the respondents were non-science majors. The number of females was 82. All respondents are potentially future teachers at elementary schools, so there is a great chance/ possibility they will teach pupils and present them the kinds of information which are investigated in this study. Research tool contained 7 items, most of them were from the field of zoology and one from the field of human anatomy. Obtained data were analysed by the proportional ratio of correct and incorrect answers and the chi-square test was used for the determination of differences between groups of variables gender and field of study. There was not found a significant difference between males and females and science major students often answered some items more. There were found many misconceptions about common facts of zoology and human body. Key words: animals, human body, misconceptions, persistence, university students.
TEACHERS’ VIEWS ABOUT PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING THROUGH CONCEPT CARTOONS
Authors: Gunay Balim Ali , Turkoguz Suat , Ormanci Ummuhan , Kacar Sevinc , Evrekli Ertug , Ozcan Erkan
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to examine the views of science and technology teachers towards concept cartoons integrated to problem-based learning. In this context, teachers’ views were compared before and after the experimental treatment of a project. Data was gathered through qualitative research methods. Participants of this study were science and technology teachers from 9 elementary schools in the city of Izmir in the 2011-2012 academic year. In the first step of the study, a 30-hour workshop including theoretical subjects, applications and experimental treatments about concept cartoons was presented to teachers. Then semi-structured interviews were conducted with teachers. Following this workshop, teachers were requested to apply all these applications and experimental treatments. After the experimental applications, semi-structured interviews were conducted again with the same teachers. According to the findings, teachers indicated that problem-based learning modules to improve students’ critical thinking, inquiry learning skills and help them relate their knowledge to daily life.
Key words: concept cartoons, problem-based learning, science and technology teacher.
SUSTAINABILITY IN SCHOOLS OF EDUCATION IN TURKEY: IN THE WORDS OF LECTURERS
Authors: Cavas Bülent , Ertepinar Hamide , Teksoz Gaye
Published: October 2021

By means of its major contribution to the values, health and wellbeing of society, higher education has an important role for constructing a sustainable society. Schools of educations, however, have an important role for growing future teachers capable of making sustainable decisions and the ability to integrate sustainability into their lectures. Accordingly, this research has been designed to find out higher education institutions’ implementation and scholarly activities related to sustainability in the words of lecturers. The results have been obtained through the application of an adapted version of the Sustainability Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ). The sample of the study consisted of 7 schools of education in Turkey and 232 lecturers. Results showed that, sustainability concept has rarely been taught and the institutions do not include the concept either into their structure or the mission.
Key words: higher education, sustainability, sustainability assessment questionnaire, university lecturers.
TURKISH MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS’ CONCEPTIONS AND MODELLING OF CHEMICAL BONDS
Authors: Cokelez Aytekin , Dal Burçkin , Harman Gonca
Published: October 2021

The purposes of this study were to identify students’ conceptions of chemical bonds and to determine, after instruction, the changes these conceptions undergo. The dataset for this study arises from an administered questionnaire that includes answers to three open–ended questions from 76 6th grade students and 56 7th grade students. Analysis of the qualitative data obtained through the questionnaire indicates that the majority of students had difficulty comprehending the modelisation of chemical bonds and that levels of interpreting these concepts of chemical bonds was much lower than what is required at the end of these different grades. The study showed that students have similar conceptions of bonding affinity expressed though a language of kinship and convenience, as used in 17th century. Additionally, the students’ conceptions also reflect the 18th century’ macro level concept of affinity expressed through the notion that likes attract.
Key words: chemical bond, intermolecular bond, intramolecular bond, model, modelling, science education.
AN EXAMINATION OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ SMOKING BEHAVIOR BY USING THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR
Authors: Sultan Acarli Dilek , Yaman Kasap Melek
Published: October 2021

Smoking has been recognized as one of the most important health problems. Thus, several preventive measures have been taken worldwide in order to reduce smoking. For these measures to be effective, the source of the problem should be thoroughly explored. To this end, this study aims to determine high school students’ smoking behavior and the factors affecting it. In the gathering of data, an interview form was used which was developed by the researchers in accordance with the directives of Planned Behavior Theory. Interviews were conducted according to problem-based interview method. Data were analyzed by using the qualitative data analysis program MAXqda, and was evaluated by using qualitative content analysis method.
Findings of the research show that anti-smoking campaigns have been reflected in students’ beliefs towards smoking behavior. Differences between female and male students in terms of the beliefs affecting their smoking behavior were detected. It was seen that having no economic difficulty in accessing cigarettes and the fact that cigarettes are being sold disregarding the age-limit are facilitating factors for students to try smoking.
Key words: health education, qualitative content analysis, smoking, theory of planned behavior.
STUDYING THE PUBLIC OPINION OF GEOGRAPHY AS A SUBJECT AND ITS KNOWLEDGE ELEMENTS: A CASE OF HUNGARY
Authors: Homoki Erika , Sütő László
Published: October 2021

Despite the long history of the science of geography, its current educational position is uncertain. Meanwhile, it offers knowledge elements useful in everyday life, required for literacy in natural sciences. The subject is unique in giving information necessary for orientation in the social-economic field and reveals the relationship between the society and the environment. In Hungary the public educational requirements for a subject include the incorporation of social scientific results or the transfer of integrated knowledge founding such results. This requirement is met fully in the curriculum of geography, however, continuously decreasing the number of lessons reduces its efficiency. The questionnaire survey covering 1218 respondents focuses on the position of geography as a subject in public education and on the opinion regarding the knowledge it provides and assesses the depth of geography people have from what they learnt in school. Key words: education of geography, Hungary, knowledge of geography, opinion of geography.
THE COGNITIVE ACCELERATION CURRICULUM AS A TOOL FOR OVERCOMING DIFFICULTIES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INQUIRY SKILLS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Hugerat Muhamad , Najami Naim , Abbasi Mahmood , Dkeidek Iyad
Published: October 2021

Many primary school pupils find it difficult to apply inquiry skills in general and variable control in particular, and fail to appreciate the importance of control groups in scientific research. The present study focused on levels of thinking among sixth-graders in the course of an open-ended inquiry activity, by following the planning and execution of an experiment, isolation and variable control, and the difficulties encountered by students in the implementation of various inquiry skills.
The study population consisted of forty-four sixth-graders from a primary school in the Arab sector in Israel's Northern District. The students were divided into two groups, one that underwent a process of intervention in teaching in the form of three lessons using the CASE approach, while the other learned with the New Outlook textbook.
The study's results point to a significant difference between the CASE intervention group and the New Outlook intervention group with respect to the final grade of the "variable identification and connection test". An examination of the differences in student achievement between the pre- and post-test reveals an improvement in the post-test final scores among the CASE group of students, in comparison to the New Outlook group.
Key words: CASE, cognitive acceleration, curriculum, inquiry skills, science education.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ON LEARNING OUTCOMES IN SCIENCE EDUCATION IN SLOVENIAN PRIMARY SCHOOLS THROUGH THE ANALYSIS OF MATERIAL WORK CONDITIONS
Authors: Delčnjak Smrečnik Irena , Fošnarič Samo , Čagran Branka
Published: October 2021

The study deals with material support for practical work in science classes in Slovenian primary schools (grades 1-5). It answers the question of why there are differences in national tests in terms of socioeconomic development of the environment, despite the fact that schools are equally well equipped. There are two groups of teachers: in less-developed regions (N=337) and in more-developed regions (N=160) – the criterion is the “the development risk index.” Material research equipment in Slovenian schools is poor. Socioeconomic development does not affect the perception of problems such as: the lack of materials and equipment, oversized groups, poor spatial conditions, and the absence of an assistant. Equipment is provided by schools, while material is brought by the pupils themselves. Comparison has shown that students in more developed environments bring their own material more frequently, which enables more research activities. It was concluded that despite the fact that the material conditions in all Slovenian schools are similar, there are differences in the development level of inquiry skills. In more-developed regions, students compensate the lack of material by providing aids from their home environment.
Key words: environmental impact, material conditions, practical work, primary school, science teacher
UPPER SECONDARY STUDENTS` SELF-PERCEPTIONS OF BOTH THEIR COMPETENCE IN PROBLEM SOLVING, DECISION MAKING AND REASONING WITHIN SCIENCE SUBJECTS AND THEIR FUTURE CAREERS
Authors: Soobard Regina , Rannikmäe Miia
Published: October 2021

Science education is expected to play a major role in developing abilities of students and in conjunction with meaningful learning in science lessons, its impacting on students’ future careers. A three part instrument was composed, based on a review of relevant international literature plus competences emphasised in the Estonian curriculum, related to process operational thinking, gathering students’ perceptions of the science provision offered and students’ future career preferences. The study was carried out in November 2011 on grade 10 students (N=2217) and in April 2012 on grade 11 students (N=1821) from the same set of schools. Findings indicated that students’ perceived competence, despite grade, gender or school average examination results, was similar. Even more, students felt that Biology and Geography subjects focused more on skills development than Physics and Chemistry. As in previous studies, conducted at the lower secondary (grade 9) level, students indicated they were not interested in science related careers and preferred to seek employment in the field of social science.
Key words: career preferences, perceived competence, science subjects.
STUDENTS AND STUDENT TEACHERS´ ABILITY TO NAME ANIMALS IN ECOSYSTEMS: A PERSPECTIVE OF ANIMAL KNOWLEDGE AND BIODIVERSITY
Authors: Yli-Panula Eija , Matikainen Eila
Published: October 2021

In this survey Finnish lower and upper secondary education students´ and student teachers´ (n=514) knowledge of the animal names (species) in relation to ecosystems was studied using a questionnaire. The results were interpreted with regard to the biodiversity of the ecosystem. Nordic fen, spruce-dominated coniferous forest, tropical rainforest, and savannah were studied. The respondents were aware of animals living in the four ecosystems, especially of mammals and birds. The animals of the indigenous Nordic fen were the least known, as evidenced by the low average number of the names and the highest number of falsely named animals. Furthermore, the animals of the savannah were the best known by the students in lower and upper secondary education, while the animals of the spruce-dominated coniferous forest were best known by student teachers. The invertebrates were nearly forgotten from all ecosystems, although they are an essential part of biodiversity and food chain/web. Research results show that students’ knowledge of the animals in relation to their autecological matters should be improved in all information sources provided.
Key words: animals, biodiversity, ecosystem, Finnish students in lower and upper secondary education, Finnish student teachers
STUDENT DIFFICULTIES IN SOLVING PROBLEMS CONCERNING SPECIAL RELATIVITY AND POSSIBLE REASONS FOR THESE DIFFICULTIES
Authors: Tanel Zafer
Published: October 2021

There are two main purposes of this study. The first is to determine the basic difficulties of students in solving problems about the theory of special relativity, and the second is to identify the possible causes leading to these difficulties. To achieve these goals, 3 open-ended questions were administered to the participants. These questions were answered by 78 students who had been enrolled in a modern physics course. Out of 78 students, 24 students were selected for interviewing. Commonly used textbooks were also analyzed in order to determine whether there are differences in content. The results of the analysis showed that the students had difficulties in selecting the proper frames of reference. In addition, they could not use the concepts included in the fundamental equations accurately in accordance with their meanings. The main reasons behind these difficulties seem to be the improper generalizations of students. Moreover, the different representations of the fundamental equations in the various textbooks were also seen as the reason for the difficulties students encountered.
Key words: problem solving, student difficulties, special relativity.
Bacteriological investigation of pyometra of Black Bengal goats obtained at slaughter
Authors: Uddin ABMJ , Nooruzzaman M , Akter T , Khan MAHNA , Hossain MM
Published: October 2021

Nine uteri of Black Bengal goats (Capra hircus) affected with pyometra were collected from three slaughterhouses at Kishoreganj district of Bangladesh. Both horns of each uterus were washed with phosphate buffered saline for isolation and identification of bacteria and its load. The bacterial loads in the uterus were high, ranging between 1 × 107 and 2.8 × 107. Six different bacterial species were identified and confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). There were five Escherichia coli, six Streptococcus sp., five Staphylococcus sp, one Salmonella sp., one Pasteurella sp. and one Bacillus sp. All had mixed infections containing two or three types of bacterial pathogens. Further studies are needed for the virulence determination and antibiogram profiles.
The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2019) 36(1 - 2): 1-7
Abattoir study of genital diseases of female Black Bengal goats
Authors: Uddin ABMJ , Nooruzzaman M , Akter T , Khan MAHNA , Hossain MM
Published: October 2021

Pathological investigation of genital diseases in Black Bengal goats (Capra hircus) was done using slaughterhouse materials. A total of 256 female genitalia were collected from slaughterhouses of Kishoreganj district of Bangladesh during October 2016 to December 2018. The gross pathological changes were recorded and tissues from the affected organs were collected for histopathology. A total of 56 (21.9%) female genitalia showed one or more of the 84 different pathological changes. The prevalence of reproductive diseases increased with age: the highest number of lesions (34) was recorded in animals aged 19-24 months. The uterus showed the highest number of pathological lesions (44) followed by ovary (31), fallopian tube (5), cervix (2) and vagina (2). Major pathological changes were luteal cyst (7.4%), endometritis (6.3%) and pyometra (7.0%).
The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2019) 36(1 - 2): 8-19
Prevalence of lactic acidosis in cattle and treatment response in Dinajpur district
Authors: Roy BN , Islam MF , Zohara BF
Published: October 2021

Cattle admitted as outpatients at the Upazila (Sub-district) Veterinary Hospital in Dinajpur district headquarter and adjacent farms were examined clinically for lactic acidosis, observing loss of appetite, rumen hypo-motility or atony, dehydration, acidaemia, diarrhoea, depression, incoordination, collapse, and recumbency in severe cases. Out of 424 cattle examined, 21 were diagnosed as lactic acidosis and were categorized on the basis of sex, breed and age. Affected animals were grouped into three. Group A was treated with stomachic mixture/sodium bicarbonate orally (Zymovet(R) Each sachet contains Ammonium Bicarbonate 5 gm, Sodium Bicarbonate 13 gm, Nux vomica 1.4 gm, Ginger Powder 300 mg, Gentian Powder 300 mg: The ACME Laboratories, Veterinary Division, Dhamrai, Dhaka, Bangladesh) and purgatives; Group B was treated with stomachic mixture/sodium bicarbonate orally and parenterally. Group C was treated with stomachic mixture/sodium bicarbonate orally and parenterally with antibiotic (oxytetracycline). The prevalence of lactic acidosis in indigenous and crossbred animals was 4.4 and 7.3%, respectively. Group C animals recovered more quickly. It is suggested that encouraging intake of hay or straw just before and after a concentrate meal will reduce the prevalence.
The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2019) 36(1 - 2): 20-24
Effects of aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) gel on growth performance and haemato-biochemical profiles in broiler chickens
Authors: Islam MM , Khalil KKI , Islam MA , Sujan KM , Mustari A , Miah MA
Published: October 2021

The study was designed to assess the effects of aloe vera gel (AVG) on broiler growth performance and haemato-biochemical changes. “Lohman” day-old broiler chicks (n=48) were reared for 28 days. At day 13, chicks were randomly divided into four equal groups (12/group). Group A was non-treated control. Group B was supplemented with antibiotic (oxytetracycline hydrochloride) as a growth promoter in water. Group C and D were supplied AVG (1% and 2%) in drinking water. Antibiotic and AVG treated broilers had higher (P<0.05) live weight (1803.8 ± 63.6 gm and 1800.00 ± 64.2 gm) than control (1607.5 ± 41.7 gm). Total erythrocyte count (3.6 ± 0.1 x 106/uL), haemoglobin (9.9 ± 0.1 gm%) and packed cell volume (35.2 ± 0.4 %) were higher (P<0.05) in treated groups. It is suggested that the aloe vera gel supplementation (1-2%) may be used as an alternative to antibiotics for better growth performance in broilers without deleterious effects on haematobiochemical profiles.
The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2019) 36(1 - 2): 25-32
Ultrasound guided diagnosis of anoestrus and its treatment in postpartum crossbred Holstein-Friesian cows
Authors: Ahmed MU , Rahman MM , Bhattacharjee J , Bhuiyan MMU
Published: October 2021

This study was undertaken to determine the feasibility of using ultrasonography for diagnosis of postpartum anoestrus followed by its effective management and treatment in crossbred (Holstein-Friesian X zebu) cows. A total of 57 crossbred lactating cows with unobserved oestrus for ≥60 days postpartum was examined by ultrasonography at Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm (CCBDF), Savar, Dhaka. Cows were divided into silent oestrus and true anoestrus groups by ultrasonography. The pregnancy was diagnosed transrectally using ultrasonography 28 - 35 days after AI. Cows with silent oestrus were treated with Cloprostenol (500 μg) followed by AI or with 2 doses of Cloprostenol 10 days apart followed by AI at observed oestrus. The true anoestrus cows were supplied with anthelmintic and vitamin ADE injection with balanced nutrition, treated with Gonadorelin (500 μg) followed by AI or with Gonadorelin followed by injecting Cloprostenol at 7 days interval and AI at observed oestrus. All cows with silent oestrus and true anoestrus were divided into different body condition score (BCS), milk yield, age and parity groups to determine their influence on outcome of treatment. Out of 57 anoestrus cows examined, 56% were confirmed as silent oestrus and 44% were confirmed as true anoestrus. In silent oestrus, 71% cows showed cyclicity and 43% became pregnant after treatment with Cloprostenol and 78% cows showed cyclicity and 50% became pregnant after treatment with 2 doses of Cloprostenol 10 days interval (P>0.05). In true anoestrus group, 60% cows showed cyclicity and 40% became pregnant when balanced diet was supplemented. Around 78% cows showed cyclicity and 44% became pregnant after treatment with Gonadorelin and 91% cows showed cyclicity and 55% became pregnant when Gonadorelin was followed by Cloprostenol at 7 days interval (P>0.05). Significant (P<0.05) influence of parity was observed in post-treatment cyclicity in true anoestrus cows.
The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2019) 36(1 - 2): 33-41
Evaluation of pregnancy diagnosis using ultrasonography in goats
Authors: Azizunnesa - , Reza MMB , Parvez MA , Faruk MO
Published: October 2021

Pregnancy status in 250 goats was determined by transabdominal ultrasonography. The registered hospital cases were divided into groups A (mated naturally; 88); B (postpartum reported unmated; 112) and C (pubertal unmated; 50). Animals found to be non-pregnant and free of uterine infection were labelled Group D and divided into synchronized (S) and control (NS) groups. GnRH followed byPGF2α nine days later was injected i.m. in group S, and NS group were allowed natural mating. All mated goats were checked monthly for pregnancy using ultrasonography. Pregnancy was diagnosed in 45.5, 4.5 and 0% from naturally mated, postpartum reported unmated and pubertal unmated cases, respectively. The oestrus detection and pregnancy rates varied significantly (P<0.001) between synchronized (n = 96; 70.8 and 54.4%, respectively) and NS group (n = 96: 54.0 and 28.6%, respectively). Pregnancy rates significantly varied in different months in gestation (P<0.05). Fetal viability rate was low in 1st month of pregnancy compared to other months (2nd, 3rd and >3rd). The confirmation of expected date of delivery (EDD) was low in 1st month of gestation compared to other months. Transabdominal ultrasonographic scanning helps to confirm pregnancy in goats. From 2nd month of gestation ultrasound scanning confirms pregnancy with viable fetus (83.3%). At 3rd month of pregnancy, this technique determined the EDD up to 94.2%.
The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2019) 36(1 - 2): 42-48
COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Islam MM Shahin Ul
Published: October 2021

Abstract not available
Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2021;16(1):01-02
Laboratory Predictors of Esophageal Varices in Children with Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Ahmed Gias Uddin , Hossain Md Monir , Halder Swapan Kumar , Sultana Sabnam , Hossain Mohammad Neamat , Syfullah Khalid Ahmed , Karim ASM Bazlul , Md Parvez Abu Faisal , Hasan Md Kamrul
Published: October 2021

Variceal bleeding results as a consequence of portal hypertension and it is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality of children with chronic liver disease (CLD). Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the only confirmatory tool for detecting esophageal varices but due to its invasive nature, high cost and lack of available facilities for pediatric endoscopy, alternative laboratory predictors are essential. In this study, we aimed at identifying laboratory predictors that may predict the presence of esophageal varices in children with CLD. This cross-sectional study was done at the department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 2008 to June 2010. Fifty consecutive children with CLD, aged 3-15 years of both sexes, who had no history of active/recent variceal bleeding, taking beta blockers or surgery for esophageal varices were included in the study. All patients underwent history and physical examination. Venous blood of the patients was taken for laboratory analysis of serum bilirubin, serum alanine aminotransferase, serum albumin, platelet count and International Normalization Ratio (INR). Later, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy of the patients were done. Based on endoscopic findings children were divided into two groups. Group-I: CLD with esophageal varices included 29 children and Group-II: CLD without esophageal varices included 21 children. A univariate analysis was initially done on laboratory variables followed by a logistic regression analysis to identify the independent variables associated with presence of esophageal varices. Then performance of these independent variables were analyzed using upper gastrointestinal endoscopy as the gold standard test. Out of 50 patients 30 were male. Male-female ratio was 1.5:1. Fifty eight percent (29 out of 50) had esophageal varices. Amongst all the laboratory variables, thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150000/mm3) was an independent predictor of esophageal varices (p=0.018). Thrombocytopenia showed good sensitivity and specificity (82.7% and 80.9% respectively) to be used as a screening test for predicting esophageal varices in children with chronic liver disease. Thrombocytopenia can be used as an independent predictor for esophageal varices in children with chronic liver disease.
Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2021;16(1):3-7
The Demand of Whole Blood in Casualty Management at a Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Md Jahangir , Hossain Md Monir , Hossain Mohammad Neamat , Hossain Ahmmed Manadir , Sanjowal Lipika
Published: October 2021

Efficient blood transfusion facility in the casualty wards is essential to minimize the morbidity and mortality of the injured patients. Proper knowledge of blood transfusion demand in a facility can help forecast future demands and facilitate the planning of existing resources allocation for best injury care. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the causality wards of Dhaka Medical College Hospital from July 2018 to December 2018. During this period, patients who attended the casualty wards and needed whole blood transfusion were selected as the study population. Relevant information regarding the required blood units, blood group, and blood collection source were recorded and analyzed. During our study period, 1619 units of whole blood were required by 896 patients. Most of the study population were from the age group of 31-40 years. Male group was the predominant at a 3.9:1 male-female ratio. Majority of the patients (55.13%) required only one unit of blood, and 28.57% of the patients required two units. O+ve blood group was the most demanded (34.65%) followed by B+ve, A+ve, AB+ve, O-ve, B-ve and A-ve (31.87%, 23.72%, 7.6%, 1.42%, 0.49% and 0.25%, respectively). The patients' relatives donated around 85% of blood, and the rest were from voluntary donors. The average daily and weekly requirement of whole blood for the causality departments of Dhaka Medical College Hospital was around 9 and 62 units respectively. Evidence-based expert guideline for the use of whole blood in the casualty management and social awareness for blood donation may save thousands of valuable lives.
Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2021;16(1):8-11
Patient Delay and Stage of Diagnosis among Breast Cancer in Bangladesh
Authors: Murshed SM Munawar , Hossain Syed , Patwary Devasish , Roy Ronoda Prosad , Hussain Syed Akram
Published: October 2021

Early diagnosis and prompt treatment is the principal goal of physicians dealing with breast cancer. In breast cancer care there are several causes of delay. Delay in diagnosis may be either patient or health provider originated. Besides there are no effective surveillance system, no nationwide active campaign for early diagnosis and screening. Hence delay in diagnosis is not unlikely. The study was done in a Cross sectional setting during January to December 2009 at the Department of Oncology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital. A total 106 breast cancer patients were recruited for the study from the mentioned study places. Our data suggests on average 40 days delay from development of first symptom to attending traditional or unqualified provider. Time taken in transition from unqualified provider to qualified medical personnel was around another month. The time taken by medical personnel to establish the diagnosis through histopathology was around another 12.5 ±7.0 days, thereafter to perform surgery after diagnosis it took 17.8 ± 18.1 days. After surgery another 31.05±33.8 days were needed to start adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Mean total time lapsed from appearance of symptom to perform surgery among breast cancer patients was 114.3±53.2 days with a median delay of 117.5 days. Mean total time lapsed from appearance of symptom to have chemotherapy or radiotherapy among breast cancer patients was 151.2±62.8 days with a median delay of 124 days. Regarding the cause of delay, in 53.8% cases, delay was resulted due to lack of awareness, in 38.9% cases delay was due to lack of money for treatment, in 7.5% case delay was due to the attempt to rely on alternative medicine, in 14.2% cases patients were reluctant, in 18% cases delay was due to problem in diagnosis. In 13.2% cases physician was treating the patient for other reason, in 36% cases patient herself made the delay for fear of consequences of disease or treatment and in 22% cases delay occurred due to long waiting period for surgery. In most cases delay resulted from multiple reasons. Patients with stages III & IV were found to have significantly more total delay than stage I & II diseases (p<.05). Patients with higher educated level made less delay than lower educated level. In conclusion, most important delay is caused by patient's own criteria and negligence. Awareness raising campaign may play an important role in reduction of the delay.
Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2021;16(1):12-16
Study of Fasting Lipid Profile in Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Afjal , Atiquzzaman - , Sharifuzzaman Mirza , Amin Farzana , Kabir Lutful , Sultana Dahlia , Islam Bhuiyan Mohammed Shafiqul
Published: October 2021

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is a metabolic disorder with prevalence about 4-10% in general population. This study was conducted to observe the pattern of fasting lipid profile in SCH and to correlate the components of it with thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxin level. This cross sectional observational study included 31 newly diagnosed cases of SCH and 17 age and BMI matched healthy control subjects with normal thyroid function test. Fasting lipid profile was recorded and compared. TSH was significantly higher in SCH compared to controls (9.09±2.79 vs 2.31±0.92 μIU/ml; p=0.001). FT4 was comparable between the groups (1.17±0.18 vs 1.28±0.20 ng/dl; p=0.938). Significantly higher level of Total cholesterol and LDL-C were observed in SCH compared to controls (TC 194.77±29.70 vs 156.59±20.45 mg/dl; p=0.042 and LDL-C 124.81±27.85 mg/dl vs 88.59±18.41mg/dl; p=0.045 respectively). Triglycerides and HDL-C were comparable between the groups (TG 134.90±80.97 vs 118.12±49.14 mg/dl; p=0.171 and HDL-C 42.87±4.83 vs 44.47±5.66; p=0.633 respectively). TSH showed significant positive correlation with TC and LDL-C (r=0.591, p<0.001 and r=0.644, p<0.001 respectively), but not with TG or HDL-C (r=0.011, p=0.943 and r=0.115, p=0.435 respectively). FT4 only showed significant negative correlation with LDL-C (r=0.302; P=0.037) but not with TC, TG or HDL-C (TC: r=0.245, P=0.093; TG: r=0.121, p=0.411 and HDL-C: r=0.108, p=0.466 respectively). SCH is associated with raised TC and LDL-C. So patients with SCH are more vulnerable to develop future adverse cardio-metabolic complications.
Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2021;16(1):17-20
A Study on Efficacy of Oral Itraconazole in the Treatment of Seborrheic Dermatitis
Authors: Adhikary Sahadev Kumar , Ali Md Eakub , Uddin Md Jamal , Akter Shireen , Abdul Aziz Masood Mohammad , Ferdaus Farhana , Dutta Banik Ratan Lal
Published: October 2021

Seborrheic dermatitis is a common chronic disease. Malassezia yeasts have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease. Antifungal agents are known to be effective in the treatment of Malassezia yeast infections. This study was done to evaluate the efficacy of itraconazole in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis. Sixty patients with Seborrheic dermatitis were evaluated in an open non-comparative study. Patients were treated with itraconazole capsule 100 mg twice a day for a week; then after a 3-week interval 100 mg capsule was given twice a day for 2 days of following months for two consecutive months. Four clinical parameters (Itching, burning erythema, scaling, and seborrhea) were assessed using a 0 to 3-point (0= absent, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe) score. Mycological evaluation determined the presence of Malassezia spores in the scales using a direct smear. At the end of the initial treatment significant improvement was reported in four clinical parameters: Itching, burning erythema, scaling, and seborrhea. Maintenance therapy led to further improvement slightly. Burning sensation mildly improved during the treatment. The quantity of Malassezia spores present in the direct smear decreased throughout the treatment period. Blood test abnormalities were not found during the treatment. So initial treatment with itraconazole is beneficial in patients with seborrheic dermatitis.
Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2021;16(1):21-24
Oral Nifedipine versus Intravenous Labetalol for Acute Blood Pressure Control in Severe Hypertension of Pregnancy: A Study at Faridpur Medical College Hospital
Authors: Biswas Smriti Kana , Raha Sanjay Kumar , Mahbuba -
Published: October 2021

The first line antihypertensive treatment for severe hypertension of pregnancy includes labetalol, hydralazine, or nifedipine. Rapid but safe blood pressure control allows the definitive treatment, the delivery of baby to be carried out with minimal delay and good maternal and fetal outcomes. This non-randomized clinical trial was performed in Faridpur Medical College Hospital to compare the effectiveness and tolerability of oral nifedipine and intravenous labetalol in the acute control of severe hypertension of pregnancy. Total 50 admitted pregnant women with a viable fetus (>_ 24 weeks of gestation) having severe hypertension were allocated into two groups, Group A: 25 patients receiving oral nifedipine (10 mg), Group B: 25 patients receiving injectable labetalol (with incremental doses: 20, 40, 80mg). Up to 5 doses were tried for each drug at 15 minutes interval until target blood pressure (<_150/100 mmHg) was achieved. Baseline characteristics like mean age, mean weight, heart rate, systolic and diastolic pressures were similar in both labetalol and nifedipine groups. The average time required to achieve target blood pressure was 30.33 ± 10.44 minutes for labetalol and 25.63 ± 10.12 minutes for nifedipine (p=0.9129). Feto-maternal outcomes and adverse drug related effects were similar among the two groups. Both intravenous labetalol and oral nifedipine were found to be equally effective and well tolerated. Nifedipine may be preferable as it is a simple, flat dose schedule and an oral regimen.
Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2021;16(1):25-29
Pattern of Complementary Feeding Practices among Mothers Attending at a Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Hassan Md Kamrul , Md Pervez Abu Faisal , Syfullah Khalid Ahmed , Hossain Md Monir , Ahmed Gias Uddin , Hossain Mohammad Neamat , Biswas Rajib
Published: October 2021

Optimal growth and development of a child depends mostly on proper breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. However, many children yet suffer from malnutrition and the recommended practices of complementary feeding have yet not been established among the majority of the population. In this observational study, we looked for the causes behind the improper complementary feeding practices among the mothers attending the outdoor and indoor units of the Department of Pediatrics, Faridpur Medical College Hospital, Faridpur, Bangladesh, from January 2018 to January 2019. A total of 447 mothers were interviewed regarding their complementary feeding practices and data were analyzed to find out the demographic and social influences. The majority of the respondents were between the age group of 21-25 years (54%). Thirty five percent were illiterate, 60% were from the rural area, 78% were housewives, 64% came from a nuclear family, and 87% had a monthly family income of 5000-20000. Most of the deliveries were conducted at home (58%) and the most common source of feeding related information was healthcare workers (66%). Only 41% of the mothers started complementary feeding at the age of 6 months. The most common complementary food was Suji, 60% of them lacked the knowledge of food preparation and 35% of them practice forceful feeding to the children. The promotion of proper complementary feeding needs to be ensured to achieve the children's catch-up growth and development.
Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2021;16(1):30-33
Correlation of Cardiac Troponin I with Left Ventricular Systolic Function in Patients with Acute ST-segment Elevated Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ahmed Kamal Uddin , Bilkis Mst Rabeya , Islam AKM Monwarul , Ahmed Gias Uddin , Md Romel Syed , Ahmed Nasir Uddin , Akanda Md Abdul Kader
Published: October 2021

Myocardial infarction is one of the leading cause of death globally and following acute myocardial infarction prognosis depends on extent of myocardial damage. This study was aimed to correlate cardiac troponin I level with the left ventricular systolic function in patients with acute ST-elevated myocardial infarction. A total of 104 patients of acute ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction receiving streptokinase therapy within 12 hours of onset of chest pain were studied. Cardiac troponin I concentration was measured by immunometric assay and echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction was calculated by modified biplane Simpson's method. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was compared with serum cardiac troponin I concentration. Study subjects were divided into two groups on the basis of LVEF. In group I, there were 54 patients with LVEF < 50% and in group II, there were 50 patients with LVEF >_ 50%. The mean cTnI within 12 hours of onset was 129 ± 8.7 ng/ml in group I and11 ± 2.1 ng/ml group II and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Serum cardiac troponin I concentration has a strong negative correlation with left ventricular ejection fraction after first acute myocardial infarction. A level of serum cardiac troponin I >_ 6.6 ng/ml provided a good indication for LVEF <50% and this can be used to detect patients with higher risk.
Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2021;16(1):34-38
Mode of Presentation of Liver Cirrhosis: A Study in a Tertiary Level Hospital
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Iqbal , Islam Md Aynul , Bodiuzzaman MM , Talukder Md Shahidul Islam , Ul Islam MM Shahin , Raha Arunangshu
Published: October 2021

Liver cirrhosis is an important cause of death and disability globally. This cross-sectional study was carried out in Faridpur Medical College Hospital from November 2018 to April 2019 to see the patterns of clinical presentations and associated factors among admitted liver cirrhosis patients. A total of 89 patients were included. Data were collected by detailed history from patients or their relatives followed by thorough physical examination as well as diagnostic evaluation; then those were checked, verified for consistency and edited for result. Among total respondents, the majority were male (69.7%) with a male to female ratio of 1:0.44. Age of patients ranged between 22-106 years with mean age of 52.33 year. The patients predominantly presented with ascites (49.4%), gastrointestinal bleeding (27%), peripheral edema (24.7%), and encephalopathy (21.3%). The in-hospital case fatality rate was 11.2% and the patients presented with decreased urinary output, peripheral edema and encephalopathy had statistically significant death rate. The results of the study highlighted that the patients with liver cirrhosis mostly present with features of decompensation and there is a statistically significant relation with some of these clinical presentations with in-hospital mortality.
Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2021;16(1):39-41