bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(Non)adhering to measures to control COVID 19: Insights from Behavioral Economics
Authors: Basu Rivu , Chakraborty Achin
Published: October 2022

It is now apparent that as a measure to contain Covid-19 pandemic the scope for strict lockdown is rather limited because of its serious negative impact on the lives and livelihood of people. Therefore measures such as wearing masks, washing hands and avoiding crowded places turn out to be the most important ways of preventing spread of the virus. However, adoption of and adherence to these practices depends largely on voluntary compliance as it is difficult to strictly monitor people’s behavior. In this paper the authors argue that for better results we need to first understand the reasons for non-adherence, and in an attempt to understand, the emerging field of behavioral economics can be of help. Different elements of behavioral economics, such as, the prospect theory with its cognitive biases like heuristics, anchoring, salience, and above all, social norms are capable of explaining many of the behaviors that have relevance to management of the pandemic. The moral philosophic position that underlies behavioral economics can be located somewhere between libertarianism and paternalism. While libertarianism tends to prioritize an individual’s freedom to choose, paternalism takes the view that the individual may not always know what is good for her/him. ‘Libertarian paternalism’, on the other hand, would allow public institutions to influence one’s behavior while respecting freedom of choice. In the absence of hard data, popular media reports and anecdotal evidence have been used in this essentially interpretative exercise.
Pneumoconiosis- an ignored occupational lung disease and Pulmonary Rehabilitation to improve the health related quality of life
Authors: Gupta Mukund , Mehrara Vishal , Singh Tanya , Raghav Pankaja
Published: October 2022

Mining generates impurities which are released into the air from operations such as drilling, blasting, shovelling, and tipping. The mining sector in India is one of the largest employers, with around four per cent of the workforce .
Global burden of disease studies estimates pulmonary disease as the third leading cause of death worldwide, with increased mortality among workers seen with chronic exposures to silica dust. Pulmonary disease is also the second major cause of DALY. Pneumoconiosis caused by the inhalation of certain types of dust is a grave complication for workers involved in mining. It is progressive in nature and is irreversible with no available treatment modalities.
Patient satisfaction and patient loyalty in medical tourism sector: A study based on trip attributes
Authors: Toni Mercy , Jithina K K , Thomas K V
Published: October 2022

Purpose- The purpose of this paper is to analyse the influence of Trip Attributes on Patient Satisfaction and Patient Loyalty in Medical Tourism Sector using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Design/ method/ approach- The paper undertakes an examination of influence of Trip Attributes on Patient Satisfaction and Patient Loyalty in Medical Tourism Sector based on primary data collected from 402 foreign tourists visiting Kerala for medical treatment using questionnaire. The Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) using Smart PLS 3.0 developed by Christian Ringle and his team was employed for analysing data. Findings- The results indicate that Trip Attributes including Frequency of Visit, Duration of Treatment and Duration of Leisure Time have significant influence on Patient Satisfaction. Likewise, the patient satisfaction has significant influence on Patient Loyalty. The results highlight the importance of trip attributes on patient satisfaction and their loyalty in the medical tourism sector. The government and service providers can develop the medical tourism industry by concentrating on trip attributes as it has direct effect on patient satisfaction.
EL COVID 19 Y LA AFECTACIÓN CONTABLE EN TIEMPOS DE PANDEMIA
Authors: Ramírez Carlos
Published: October 2022

El objetivo del presente artículo es presentar algunos de los principales efectos que la pandemia generada por el Covid-19 en los periodos 2019 al 2021 impactó en los registros contables de las entidades y, que deben ser reconocidos, ya sea como ajuste o como revelaciones que se deben aplicar en los estados financieros de una entidad con el fin de cumplir con la transparencia de la información contable y presentar a sus usuarios, una adecuada situación financiera y su verdadero desempeño. Este ensayo ha sido fruto de las investigaciones realizadas en los diferentes textos IFRS emitidos por el IASB, así como un análisis del autor de los contenidos de las normas y su impacto contable esperado. Es importante mencionar que el juicio o criterio profesional del contador del ente contable, juega un papel importante al momento de la evaluación de esos impactos presentes y futuros que tendría la aplicación de la normativa contable en la nueva realidad empresarial, producto de la pandemia. Por tanto, el Covid-19 afecto no solo la salud de las personas, trajo consigo impactos en la economía mundial y claro, no podría quedarse por fuera la economía de las empresas y su reflejo en los estados financieros, originando así, varios cambios en el quehacer contable y el cierre de los estados financieros, tanto en el cálculo contable, como en el tributario e incluso en los campos laborales. El presente artículo, busca entonces medir estos impactos contables en la situación financiera de la empresa y su desempeño.
Proporción de uso de software sin licencia por parte de estudiantes universitarios en México
Authors: Bautista Henri , Acosta José
Published: October 2022

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la proporción de uso de software sin licencia por parte de los estudiantes de una universidad mexicana, así como las causas que lo motivan, a fin de proponer alternativas y/o recomendaciones que lo disminuyan dentro la mencionada división académica, y que pudieran ser replicados para otras instituciones educativas. Los datos fueron recopilados a través de una encuesta, con una muestra poblacional de 76 estudiantes seleccionados aleatoriamente de todas las carreras de una universidad mexicana, seleccionada intencionalmente; posteriormente, los datos fueron validados mediante el coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach. La investigación fue de tipo mixto, toda vez que implicó el uso de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos. Entre los resultados más relevantes destacan que un 51.31% de los estudiantes utilizó software sin licencia al menos en el último año. Más de la mitad de los estudiantes lo consumieron por ser gratuito. El software sin licencia le permitió a un 43.41% de los estudiantes aprobar materias, por cuanto dicho software fue necesario para sus actividades. El 86.85% de los estudiantes accedió a páginas de descarga de software sin licencia desde su propia casa. Algunas de las propuestas y/o recomendaciones para disminuir la proporción de uso del software sin licencia son: realizar convenios con empresas que facilitan licencias originales a los estudiantes, para posteriormente informar, promover y facilitar el uso de alternativas de software libre en las aulas de clase. También se recomienda informar y concientizar a los estudiantes sobre los peligros y consecuencias que conlleva el uso de software ilegal.
Drug Abuse Management Strategies and Reduction of Crime Rate among the Youth in Rwanda. A Case of Gatunda and Karama of Nyagatare District
Authors:   Mount Kenya University of Rwanda, NDAGIJIMANA Dominique
Published: October 2022

The overall objective of the study was to assess drug abuse management strategies and reduction of crime rate among youth in Rwanda. The specific objectives were to assess the demand and supply reduction strategy of drug abuse put in place in Nyagatare District, to examine the rate of crime associated with drug abuse among youth in Nyagatare District, to assess the role of harm reduction strategy of drug abuse on reduction of crime rate among youth in two selected sectors of Nyagatare District and to determine the role of community involvement in drug abuse management in two selected sectors of Nyagatare District. This study used a descriptive research design with both quantitative and qualitative data. The target population comprises the District youth culture and sport officers, social affairs at Sector level, cell executive secretaries and heads of villages. In total they were 225 from whom a sample of 144 was selected. Researcher used a simple random sampling technique and data were collected using questionnaire and interview guide. The analysis of data was done through statistical product of service analysis (SPSS) version 21. Bivarate analysis, mean, standard deviation with 95% of inferences, p-value less than 0.05, simple and multiple logistic regression model were all determined. The study findings showed that 1.672 of mean and 0.617 of standard deviation showed that the application of demand, supply and harm reduction strategies were used to achieve reduction of crime related crime among youth. Findings also showed before putting in place strategies, there were high rate of drug abuse related crime as indicated by the mean of 1.826 and 0.629 of standard deviation. As indicated, the rate of drug abuse was at 4% (confirmed at mean of 1.646 and 0.548 of standard deviation).It also shifted to vary between 4%-8% (mean of 2.007 and 0.705 of standard deviation). Drug abuse related crime shifted up to 16% (as indicated by the mean of 1.639 and 0.696 of standard deviation. The study findings showed that harm reduction strategy played important role as indicated at the mean of 1.535 and standard deviation of 0.566. As indicated, trade restrictions (at mean of 1.957 and 0.830 of standard deviation), involvement of community (at mean of 1.625and standard deviation of 0.553), application of punishments (at mean of 1.772 and 0.674 of standard deviation) were all seen as important in reduction of related crime rate. Thus, the involvement of community measures decision making, taking preventive measures (at mean of 1.806 and 0.519 of standard deviation). As recommendation, there is a need of ongoing awareness campaign of applying different strategies of reducing demand of drug, supply of drug and harm related crime rate. Keywords: Drug abuse management strategies, Drug abuse, Drug related crime, Reduction of drug related crime.
Magmatic Controls on Metal Endowments of Porphyry Cu-Au Deposits
Authors: Chiaradia Massimo
Published: October 2022

This overview illustrates the processes controlling magma fertility in the formation of porphyry Cu-Au deposits. Magma fertility means all magmatic parameters (e.g., metal and volatile contents, magma and fluid volumes) that might result in higher amounts of metals, which are exsolvable from the magma. Mantle source processes seem to play a fundamental role in the enrichment of primary melts with H2O, S, and Cl, all essential ingredients to form porphyry deposits, but do not have a particular role in Cu enrichment.

Cu-rich porphyry Cu-Au deposits (i.e., with Au/Cu ~4 X 10–6) are associated with large magmatic volumes accumulated in the lower thick crust of continental arcs during long-lived periods of compression in a synsubduction environment. Mineralization occurs after such accumulations have reached significant volumes and is the result of the transfer of hydrous magmas from deep to shallower crustal levels, probably favored by tectonic stress changes.

Au-rich porphyry Cu-Au deposits (i.e., with Au/Cu ~80 X 10–6) are associated with magmatic systems that have evolved at overall shallower crustal levels and for this reason can be found in geodynamic settings characterized by thinner crust (e.g., island arcs with intermediate crust thickness) and/or in variably extensional settings occurring above a slab-metasomatized mantle (postsubduction setting, extensional synsubduction setting). The six largest Au-rich porphyry Cu-Au deposits (>~1,300 tonnes Au) are associated with variably alkaline magmas, which are typical of postsubduction and/or extensional settings, suggesting a petrogenetic control on the Au-rich nature of these deposits.
Diachronous Magmatic and Cu-Au-Mo Metallogenic Responses to Slab Roll-Back Initiation from Northwest Anatolia to the Balkans, Western Tethyan Eocene Magmatic Belt
Authors: Rabayrol Fabien , Hart Craig J.R. , Friedman Richard M. , Spikings Richard A.
Published: October 2022

The Bursa mineral district in northwest Anatolia (Turkey) is an emerging prospective area for porphyry Cu-Mo (Au-Re) mineralization along the Western Tethyan Eocene magmatic belt that links the Balkan to Lesser Caucasus regions along the southern Black Sea coast. Field observations as well as time constraints on mineralized magmas of the Bursa district are limited. Additionally, the tectonic setting of Eocene magmatism in northwest Turkey is controversial and includes either Neotethyan slab roll-back or break-off scenario. We show that the Bursa mineral district consists of porphyry Cu-Mo, skarn Cu, and rare epithermal Au-Ag deposits, prospects, and occurrences on the footwall of the Eskişehir fault, south of the İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture zone. The porphyry prospects are hosted within porphyritic dioritic, granodioritic, and granitic rocks that were altered by potassic and phyllic assemblages and quartz-sulfide vein stockwork zones. Our new CA-TIMS and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar ages indicate that porphyry mineralization of the Bursa district formed between 51 and 46 Ma and thus before the porphyry and epithermal Cu-Au mineralization of the Biga (~43–39 Ma) and Rhodope districts (~35–31 Ma) and the Serbo-Macedonian belt (~36–22 Ma). Therefore, we interpret that Eocene magmatism and associated Cu-Au-Mo mineralization migrated westward along the western part of the Western Tethyan Eocene magmatic belt. This migration, which is specific to the Eocene period, represents a second-order and diachronous response to the first-order southward magmatic front migration and roll-back initiation of the Hellenic slab beneath the Balkan-Aegean-western Anatolian region since the Late Cretaceous.
Superimposed Porphyry Systems in the Dawson Range, Yukon
Authors: Lee Well-Shen , Kontak Daniel J. , Richards Jeremy P. , Barresi Tony , Creaser Robert A.
Published: October 2022

Superimposed porphyry systems are a subset of telescoped porphyry deposits, whereby significantly younger ore zones overprint older, nongenetically related systems. Recognition of superimposed features in porphyry systems is important for determining and assessing their prospectivity. The Mount Nansen gold corridor in the southern Dawson Range gold belt of Yukon, Canada, contains porphyry prospects and epithermal deposits with enigmatic genetic models. Geologic, petrologic, temporal (U-Pb zircon, Re-Os molybdenite), and geochemical (whole-rock) studies are used to demonstrate the presence of superimposed porphyry systems in this district.

The arc-related episodic magmatism of the Mount Nansen gold corridor has been classified into four intrusive suites: (1) Late Triassic Minto, (2) mid-Cretaceous Whitehorse, (3) Late Cretaceous Casino (eLKc; 80–72 Ma), and (4) Late Cretaceous Prospector Mountain (lLKp; 72–65 Ma). Geochemical fingerprinting of these suites indicates intermediate to evolved, calc-alkaline compositions with a common lower crust melt source. The eLKc and lLKp suites lack an Eu anomaly and show increasing amounts of light rare earth element (LREE) enrichment and heavy rare earth element (HREE) depletion over time. These features suggest that garnet was stable in the melt source and oxidized magmas were generated in these Late Cretaceous suites. The mildly alkaline lLKp and associated Carmacks Group shoshonitic basalts reflect localized extension in an overall compressive arc setting in the Mount Nansen gold corridor, hence a setting conducive for Au-rich porphyry and epithermal systems.

The ca. 79 to 72 Ma Casino suite is commonly interpreted as the causative magmatic event for most well-endowed porphyry deposits (76 to 74 Ma in age) in the Dawson Range gold belt. However, our detailed study of the Klaza setting shows that at this locality, intermediate-sulfidation epithermal veins are a distal expression of a Prospector Mountain-age (ca. 71 Ma) porphyry system, which overprints two Casino-age porphyry systems (ca. 77 and 80 Ma).

The Mount Nansen gold corridor thus hosts at least two spatially and temporally overprinting Late Cretaceous magmatic-hydrothermal systems in the Dawson Range gold belt. Importantly, recognition of this feature at other porphyry deposit settings in the Dawson Range gold belt (e.g., Freegold Mountain district) is critical as it provides the potential for metal (Cu-Au-Mo)-enriched hypogene ore shells.
Uncovering the Missing Magmatic Link for The Tongkuangyu Porphyry Cu Deposit, Trans-North China Orogen: Implication for Porphyry Cu Deposit Model and Exploration
Authors: Meng Xuyang , Kontak Daniel , Richards Jeremy , Mao Jingwen , Marsh Jeffrey
Published: October 2022

The Tongkuangyu porphyry Cu deposit in the northern Zhongtiaoshan region of the Trans-North China orogen formed at ~2.1 Ga and is much younger than its host ~2.18 Ga porphyritic rocks that cut basaltic-andesitic sill and rhyolitic tuff of the Jiangxian Group. However, the extent and absolute timing of the synmineralization magmatism in the northern Zhongtiaoshan region remains poorly constrained, which renders identifying the source of the cupriferous magmatic-hydrothermal fluids for Tongkuangyu difficult.

To resolve this issue, we dated zircon from representative samples from the volcano-plutonic sequences reported to contain poorly constrained ~2.1 Ga igneous rocks using laser-ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Rhyolitic tuff from the Jiangxian Group, granodiorite from the deepest limit of the mineralized host rocks at Tongkuangyu, and samples from an interpreted basaltic-andesitic tuff sequence in the overlying Zhongtiao Group were collected. The rhyolitic tuff yielded an upper concordia intercept age of 2188 ± 12 Ma (2σ, mean square of weighted deviates [MSWD] = 0.24). Three granodiorite samples yielded upper intercept ages of 2166 to 2177 Ma. These results do not support the presence of ~2.1 Ga magmatism in the Jiangxian Group and the Tongkuangyu deposit area.

In contrast, two albite-chlorite-sericite schist samples, which are interpreted as basaltic-andesitic tuffs, yielded upper concordia intercept and concordia ages of 2088 ± 16 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 0.05) and 2085 ± 11 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 0.26), which agree within uncertainty to the known age for the porphyry Cu mineralization. Furthermore, a large proportion of ~2.18 Ga zircon xenocrysts from the analyzed basaltic to andesitic tuff samples yielded distinguishable εHf(t) values of 1.3 ± 0.8 (2σ) compared to the ~2.09 Ga zircons (5.6 ± 0.6; 2σ) but are consistent with the published εHf(t) values for the granodiorite host at Tongkuangyu. These results suggest the ~2.09 Ga magmas that fed the volcanic sequence were contaminated by the older regional ~2.18 Ga igneous wall-rock material.

We interpret the results to indicate the presence of a presently unexposed ~2.1 Ga causative magma chamber, which exsolved hydrothermal fluids to form the Tongkuangyu deposit. Except for the age discordance between the host rocks and mineralization, Tongkuangyu is comparable in other respects (e.g., vein and stockwork mineralization, alteration) to most Phanerozoic porphyry Cu deposits globally. The results therefore suggest that consolidated but structurally receptive (i.e., permeable) porphyritic and equigranular rocks can trap magmatic-hydrothermal fluids to form porphyry-type alteration and Cu mineralization, which is significant in the context of exploration for such mineralization.
Magmatism and Related Au-Cu Mineralization in the Hualgayoc Mining District, Northern Peru
Authors: Viala M. , Hattori K.
Published: October 2022

The Hualgayoc district in the Cajamarca region of northern Peru experienced middle Miocene andesitic to rhyolitic magmatism and magmatic hydrothermal activity that produced Au and Cu mineralization, including the Cerro Corona porphyry Au-Cu, Tantahuatay high-sulfidation epithermal Au, and the AntaKori skarn Cu-Au-Ag deposits. We examined 32 samples from 22 units that encompass the entire igneous rock record in the district. Our new U-Pb dating of 454 zircon grains from these 22 igneous units yielded Concordia ages showing continuous magmatic activity in the district, from 14.8 to 9.7 Ma. Igneous activity in the eastern part of the district took place between 14.8 and 14.0 Ma, including the Cerro Corona intrusive complex that hosts a porphyry Au-Cu deposit. Magmatism in the western part of the district occurred between 13.7 and 11.5 Ma and included the Tantahuatay Volcanic Complex that hosts a high-sulfidation Au deposit. The different styles of mineralization and ages of igneous rocks in the eastern and western parts are accounted for by deeper erosion to the east. Bulk-rock compositions indicate that parental magmas originated from amphibole-rich juvenile lithospheric mantle or lower crust and evolved through amphibole fractional crystallization. Amphibole and zircon compositions indicate that parental magmas of all igneous units in the Hualgayoc district were water-rich, >3 wt % H2O, and oxidized above the fayalite-magnetite-quartz (FMQ) redox buffer. Our observations in the Hualgayoc district suggest that oxidized conditions and high-water contents are necessary to produce porphyry-type mineralization, but that other factors were also critical to form mineralization, such as a shallow depth of magma emplacement, with near-vertical shape of intrusions. These findings are likely applicable elsewhere.
Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Magmatic Arc Maturation and Ore Formation of the Central Tethyan Metallogenic Belt: Evidence from the Gedabek Mining District, Lesser Caucasus, Azerbaijan
Authors: Moritz Robert , Hemon Pierre , Ulianov Alexey , Spikings Richard , Chiaradia Massimo , Ramazanov Vagif
Published: October 2022

The Jurassic to Early Cretaceous magmatic and metallogenic evolution of the Lesser Caucasus and Eastern Pontides segment of the Central Tethyan orogenic belt is still poorly understood. This study reports an investigation about the link between ore formation and magmatic evolution in the major Gedabek porphyry-epithermal mining district, which is located in the Somkheto-Karabagh belt, Azerbaijan.

Long-lasting magmatic arc evolution of ~50 m.y., from the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous, is supported by new U-Pb zircon ages between 164.3 ± 0.7 and 125.1 ± 0.5 Ma. Middle Jurassic magmatic rocks have a dominantly tholeiitic to transitional and primitive island-arc composition, whereas Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous magmatic rocks are calc-alkaline to shoshonitic and have mature island-arc compositions. Radiogenic isotopes document a higher mantle contribution during petrogenesis of the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous magmatic rocks. The combined data document progressive magmatic arc maturation and crustal thickening from the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous, accompanied by slab roll-back and asthenospheric upwelling. This evolution is shared by other areas of the Somkheto-Karabagh belt and its southern extension in the Kapan block, which also host porphyry-epithermal mining districts.

Muscovite and K-feldspar from a porphyry Cu-related potassic alteration assemblage at the Gedabek deposit (overprinted by a younger intermediate- to high-sulfidation epithermal system) have yielded 40Ar/39Ar ages between 140.1 ± 1.0 and 136.3 ± 0.9 Ma. Together with a previous Re-Os molybdenite age, they document formation of the porphyry-epithermal systems at the end of the long magmatic arc maturation of the Gedabek district. Although ore-forming events were diachronous along the arc, the relative timing of magmatic evolution and ore formation at Gedabek is shared by the other Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous mining districts of the Somkheto-Karabagh belt and the Kapan block.

Our study demonstrates that long arc maturation and crustal thickening has taken place along the southern Eurasian margin from a Middle Jurassic nascent arc to an Early Cretaceous evolved arc. This evolution is in line with the essential prerequisites for the genesis of porphyry-epithermal systems in orogenic belts. It also provides evidence that Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous magmatic fertile systems and porphyry-epithermal centers have been preserved in this belt.
Role of Alkaline Magmatism in Formation of Porphyry Deposits in Nonarc Settings: Gangdese and Sanjiang Metallogenic Belts
Authors: Wang Rui , Luo Chen-Hao , Xia Wen-jie , He Wen-yan , Liu Biao , Huang Ming-Liang , Hou Zeng-qian , Zhu Di-cheng
Published: October 2022

The recent discovery of large Cenozoic porphyry copper deposits in the Tibetan Plateau has revealed atypical features. Their formation all postdate the India-Asia collision at 55 ± 10 Ma, and therefore they are not affiliated with normal arc magmatism. Three major nonarc porphyry copper belts or provinces in Tibet comprise the Gangdese porphyry Cu-Mo belt (>45 Mt Cu, 1.79 Mt Mo), the Yulong porphyry Cu-Mo belt (8.75 Mt Cu,1.04 Mt Mo), and the western Yunnan porphyry Cu-Mo-Au polymetallic province (~1 Mt Cu, ~1 Mt Mo, and 310 t Au). Alkaline volcanic rocks (lamprophyres, shoshonites, and potassic-ultrapotassic volcanic rocks) are common in these metallogenic belts and provinces, but the temporal, spatial, and genetic relationship between this magmatism and deposit formation remains enigmatic. There are two episodes of porphyry mineralization in the Tibetan Plateau, 45 to 35 and 22 to 11 Ma, and alkaline volcanic rocks are both contemporaneous with and spatially close to porphyry mineralization. Evolved Nd-Hf isotope compositions, and high Mg#, Cr, and Ni contents of Tibetan alkaline volcanic rocks suggest that they are derived from phlogopite-bearing lithospheric mantle, whereas the adakitic property and hybrid geochemical and isotopic features of the high Sr/Y granitoids suggest they are derived from partial melting of lower crust by mantle-derived alkaline mafic melt, with subsequent mixing. The mantle-derived alkaline magmas: (1) triggered water-flux melting of the thickened lower crust and generation of fertile high Sr/Y magmas with high water contents; (2) that dominate the source of ore-related magmas are more Au rich; (3) have variable oxidation states and some can oxidize residual sulfide in the lower crust to release Cu and Au for porphyry deposit formation; other lower crustal melts became oxidized via amphibole and/or garnet fractionation; and (4) provide higher S and Cl contents that are essential volatiles for deposit formation. We conclude that mantle-derived alkaline melts are vital to form porphyry deposits in nonarc settings, thus explaining the close spatial and temporal association of alkaline volcanic rocks and porphyry deposits in Cenozoic Tibet.
Assessing the Role of Tectono-Magmatic Setting in the Precious Metal (Au, Ag, PGE) and Critical Metal (Te, Se, Bi) Endowment of Porphyry Cu Deposits
Authors: McFall Katie , McDonald Iain , Wilkinson Jamie J.
Published: October 2022

Porphyry Cu deposits commonly contain critical and precious metal by-products, including the chalcophile and siderophile elements, Au, Pd, Pt, Ag, Te, Se, and Bi. These elements partition into residual sulfides during the partial melting of mantle wedge peridotite during subduction, potentially depleting the source magma for subduction-related porphyry Cu deposits. The chalcophile-rich residual sulfides in subduction-modified subcontinental lithosphere are thought to be the source of metals in postsubduction porphyry Cu deposits, and as such these deposits may be more enriched in chalcophile and siderophile elements than subduction-related porphyry deposits, although many postsubduction deposits have low Au grades. We test this by presenting whole-rock assay and PGE data with in situ LA-ICP-MS trace element data from sulfide minerals from three porphyry Cu deposits. The Skouries Cu-Au-(PGE) porphyry deposit, Greece, and the Muratdere Cu-Au-Mo porphyry deposit, Turkey are both postsubduction; these are contrasted with the El Teniente Cu-Mo porphyry deposit, Chile, which is a classic subduction-related system. By comparing these results with a newly compiled global dataset of trace element concentrations in sulfides from 18 other porphyry Cu deposits we show that postsubduction porphyry Cu deposit sulfides are relatively enriched in Bi, Sb, Te, and Se compared to sulfide minerals from subduction-related deposits. However, although some critical and precious metals (Ag, Bi, and Se) mainly reside in primary sulfide ore minerals, others (Au, Te, Pd, and Pt) are predominantly hosted in minor accessory minerals. Whole-rock data from mineralized samples show that although the Skouries and Muratdere deposits are enriched in Au compared with El Teniente, globally both subduction-related and postsubduction deposits can be precious and critical metal enriched, with metal endowment independent of tectonic setting. PGE-enriched porphyry Cu deposits are also enriched in Bi, Te, and Au, and semimetal melts are suggested to play an important role in PGE transport and concentration in porphyry Cu deposits.
AKIL HASTASI KISITLININ ARACININ KAZAYA KARIŞMASI HALİNDE SORUMLULUK VE SİGORTACININ RÜCU HAKKI
Authors: AKANSEL İsa
Published: October 2022

4760 Sayılı Özel Tüketim Vergisi Kanunu’nun 7/2-b maddesinde belirlenen engelli tanımı kapsamında bulunanların özel tüketim vergisinden muaf tutularak araç alımları kolaylaştırılmaktadır. Maddede belirtilen engelli kapsamına çoğunlukla akıl hastası olan kişiler de girmektedir. Akıl hastası bu kimselerin kısıtlanması için genellikle sulh hukuk mahkemesine başvurularak vasi atanması istenilmektedir. 4760 Sayılı Kanun uyarınca vergiden muaf olan araçlar kısıtlı adına alınarak bu kişiler malik olmakta, çoğu zaman da vasi bu aracı kullanmaktadır. Ancak motorlu araçlar işletilmesi sebebiyle her an tehlike yaratma ihtimali içindedir. Kısıtlı adına alınan aracın kazaya karışması durumunda akıl hastası kısıtlının ve vasinin sorumlulukları farklılık arz eder. Çalışmamızın konusunu kısıtlının malik olduğu aracın kazaya karışması halinde, zorunlu mali sorumluluk sigortası kapsamında kısıtlı ve vasinin zarar görene karşı sorumluluğu oluşturmaktadır.
İFLÂS TASFİYESİNİN TATİLİ
Authors: ÇİÇEKLİ Ali Fuat
Published: October 2022

Uygulamada sıklıkla görülen iflâs tasfiyesinin tatili olgusu, müflisin haczi kabil hiçbir malının bulunmaması dolayısıyla tasfiyenin gerçekleşememesini ifade etmektedir. Masada hiçbir mal bulunmaması durumu gerek iflâs dairesinin gerek iflâsın kapatılması kararının verilmesinde asliye ticaret mahkemesinin özenle incelemesi gereken bir konudur. Nitekim şartlar oluşmadan verilen tasfiyenin tatili kararı, talep üzerine şikâyet incelemesine tâbidir. Öte yandan gerekli şartlar oluşmamasına rağmen verilen iflâsın kapatılması kararı da kanun yolu aşamasında denetime tâbi tutulur. Esasında masada hiçbir mal bulunmuyorsa iflâsın kapatılmasına karar verilmesi gerekmektedir. Ancak müflisin, mallarını gizlediğini, iptale tâbi tasarruflarda bulunduğunu ya da rehinli malın satışından kalan paranın tasfiye masraflarına yeteceğini ya da diğer olgular dolayısıyla tasfiyenin devamının kendisinin yararına olduğunu düşünen alacaklıya, tasfiyenin devamı için bir imkân tanınmalıdır. İşte alacaklıya bu imkân, tasfiyenin tatili kurumu ile sağlanmaktadır. Nitekim bu hâlde alacaklıya, gerekli masrafı vermesi şartıyla tasfiyeye devam edilmesini isteme hakkı verilmektedir. Bu bağlamda tasfiyenin tatili, tasfiyeye tâbi hiçbir mal bulunmadığının ortaya çıkmasıyla iflâsın kapatılması arasındaki ara dönem için tasfiyenin durdurulmasını ifade etmektedir.
ÇALIŞMAKTAN KAÇINMA HAKKI
Authors: ÖNOL Gürcan
Published: October 2022

İş sağlığı ve güvenliği günümüzde temel insan haklarından biri olarak sayılmaktadır. Nitekim İnsan Hakları Evrensel Bildirgesinde, herkesin adil ve elverişli koşullarda çalışma hakkı olduğu kabul edilmiştir. Bu anlayış Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasasının 49’uncu maddesine de dâhil edilmiş ve devlete, çalışanları korumak için gerekli tedbirleri alma zorunluluğu getirilmiştir. Uluslararası antlaşmalar ve Anayasa ile güvence alınan sağlıklı ve güvenli koşullarda çalışma olanağının bulunmadığı işyerlerinde, çalışanlar da doğal olarak çalışmaktan kaçınmak isteyecektir.

Uluslararası antlaşmalardan esinlenilerek, Türk iş hukuku mevzuatına dâhil edilen çalışmaktan kaçınma hakkı, 6331 Sayılı İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kanununun 13’üncü maddesinde düzenlenmiştir. Buna göre çalışanlar, ciddi ve yakın bir tehlike ile karşı karşıya kalmaları durumunda, çalışmaktan kaçınma haklarını kullanabilecektir. Ancak mevcut düzenlemelere göre, çalışanların çalışmaktan kaçınma haklarını kullanmaları neredeyse olanaksızdır.

Bu çalışmada öncelikle çalışmaktan kaçınma hakkının ne olduğu üzerinde durulmuş ve ardından bu hakkın tanımı, kapsamı ve yasal dayanağı anlatılmıştır. Daha sonra, çalışmaktan kaçınma hakkın kullanılması için gerekli olan koşullar açıklanmıştır. Son olarak ise, çalışmaktan kaçınma hakkının kullanılmasının önünde yer alan zorluklar ele alınmış ve bir değerlendirme yapılarak, çalışmaktan kaçınma hakkının kullanılmasının önünde yer alan zorlukların üstesinden nasıl gelinebileceğine ilişkin öneriler getirilmiştir.
TÜRK İŞ HUKUKUNDA ASIL İŞVEREN-ALT İŞVEREN İLİŞKİSİNDE MÜTESELSİL SORUMLULUK
Authors: ÖZGÜL EKİZ Seda
Published: October 2022

3008 sayılı Yasa ile 1936 yılından itibaren hukukumuza konu olan asıl işveren-alt işveren ilişkisine, çalışma hayatındaki kötü niyetli kullanımlar nedeniyle, 4857 sayılı Kanunla birlikte önemli düzenlemeler getirilmiştir.

4857 sayılı İş Kanunu’nun 2’nci maddesinde düzenlenen asıl işveren- alt işveren ilişkisinin unsurları; asıl işveren ve alt işveren olmak üzere iki ayrı işverenin olması, alt işverene verilen işin mal ve hizmet üretimine ilişkin yardımcı iş ya da asıl işin işletmenin ve işin gereği ile teknolojik nedenlerle uzmanlık gerektiren bir bölümü olması, alt işverenin işçilerinin asıl işverene ait iş yerinde çalıştırılması ile alt işverenin işçilerinin sadece asıl işverenden alınan işe özgülenerek çalıştırılması şeklinde sayılmaktadır.

İş Kanunu’nda alt işverenlik hususunda özel bir muvazaa düzenlenmiştir. Buna göre, asıl işverenin işçileri alt işveren tarafından işe alınarak hakları kısıtlanmış bir biçimde çalıştırılıyorsa, ya da asıl işveren kendi eski çalışanı ile alt işveren ilişkisi kurduysa, asıl işveren-alt işveren ilişkisinin muvazaalı işleme dayandığı kabul edileceği Kanun hükmünde belirtilmiştir.

Asıl işveren-alt işveren ilişkisi, asıl işverenin sorumluluğu açısından geniş bir bakış açısı getirmiştir. İşçi alacaklarından asıl işveren, alt işveren ile birlikte sorumlu tutularak işçilere istediği işverene ya da her ikisine birden başvurma hakkı sağlanmıştır.

Bu çalışmada; ilk olarak asıl işveren, alt işveren kavramları ile asıl işveren-alt işveren ilişkisinin unsurlarına yer verilmiştir. Ardından asıl işveren-alt işveren ilişkisinde muvazaa halleri incelenmiştir. Son olarak asıl işveren-alt işveren ilişkisinde müteselsil sorumluluk durumları ele alınmıştır.
BORÇLU TEMERRÜDÜNDE İHTAR VE EK SÜRE KAVRAMLARI
Authors: ATEŞ Derya
Published: October 2022

TBK. m. 117/I hükmü açıkça muaccel borcun borçlusunun alacaklının ihtarı ile temerrüde düştüğünü düzenlemektedir. Borçlu temerrüdünün genel şartlarından birini oluşturan ihtar ile karşılıklı borç yükleyen sözleşmelerde seçimlik hakların kullanımının ön şartını oluşturan ek süre tayini birbirinden farklı kurumlardır. İhtar borcun ifa edileceği zamanın netleştirilmesi yönünden önem taşırken; ek süre tayini yeni ifa zamanı belirlemeksizin TBK. m. 123 hükmü çerçevesinde seçimlik hakların kullanımı için adeta bir ön şart oluşturur. Karşılıklı borç yükleyen sözleşmede seçimlik haklardan yararlanmak istemeyen alacaklı sadece ihtar çekerek borçluyu temerrüde düşürebilme imkanına sahip iken bu durumda talebi aynen ifa ve gecikme tazminatı ile sınırlı kalır ve kendisine tanınan seçimlik haklardan mahrum olur. O halde her iki irade açıklaması arasında, tarafları, içeriği, şekli, zamanı ve sonuçları yönünden farkları bulunur.
ZAMANAŞIMINA UĞRAMIŞ BONODAKİ TEMERRÜDÜN YİBHGK KARARI IŞIĞINDA DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: KAYA Sedat
Published: October 2022

Yenileme, Türk Borçlar Kanunu'nun 133'üncü maddesinde düzenlenmiştir. Buna göre, temel ilişkiden kaynaklanan bir borç için bono düzenlenmesi, kural olarak, borcun yenilenmesi olarak kabul edilmez. Bu durumda temel borç ilişkisi sona ermez ve alacaklı yarışan taleplere sahip olur. Bu sebeple bonodan kaynaklanan alacağın herhangi bir nedenle elde edilememesi halinde alacaklı temel borç ilişkisine dayalı olarak talepte bulunabilmektedir. Yargıtay İçtihadı Birleştirme Hukuk Genel Kurulu, 25.12.2019 tarih E. 2019/1, K. 2019/8 sayılı kararıyla zamanaşımına uğramış bonodaki vadenin temel ilişkiye dayalı olarak başlatılacak takip veya açılacak davada temerrüde esas alınamayacağına karar vermiştir. Bu karara dayanak yapılan hukuki argümanlar oldukça tartışmalıdır. Örneğin, kararda temel borç ilişkisi ile bono düzenlenmesiyle ortaya çıkan ilişki yeterince dikkate alınmamıştır. Ayrıca kararda usuli talep kavramı gözardı edilmiştir. Usulî talep bir hukukî sonucun kesin bir biçimde belirlenmesini, yani belli bir hukukî himayenin sağlanmasını konu alan ve mahkemeye yöneltilmiş bulunan istektir. Muaccel bir borcun borçlusu, alacaklının ihtarıyla temerrüde düşer. Ancak kararda muacceliyet ve temerrüt kavramları hatalı kullanılmıştır. Yine bononun ödeme için ibraz edilip edilmediği belirsiz olduğundan hüküm yeterince açık değildir ve tavzihe muhtaçtır. Bu çalışmada inceleme konusu karardaki hukuki meseleye medeni usul hukuku, medeni hukuk ve ticaret hukuku bakış açılarıyla yaklaşılarak çeşitli değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur. Ayrıca kararda tartışılan kurum ve kavramlara ilişkin çeşitli değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur.
Neutrosophic Statistics for Social Science
Authors:   Docente de la carrera de Derecho de la Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes (UNIANDES Babahoyo), Ecuador, Esther E. H. Marcia ,   Docente de la carrera de Derecho de la Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes (UNIANDES Riobamba), Ecuador,   Docente de la carrera de Derecho de la Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes (UNIANDES Tulcán), Ecuador, Alcides F. H. Robert , Estalin P. P. Rene
Published: October 2022

Social Science deals with the study of phenomena related to the social status of human beings. The importance of such sciences lies in the fact that they make it possible to know, predict, modify and improve the functioning of human societies today. Due to the great complexity of modern societies, it is virtually impossible to have accurate data or knowledge about any contemporary society. That is why neutrosophic theory is suitable for representing and modeling the data from studies on any social sciences. They may contain data that is contradictory, incomplete, inaccurate, vague, and so on. In particular, neutrosophic statistics generalizes classical statistics to interval-valued data. Since classical statistics are of great importance for the study of Social Sciences. We will emphasize the Legal Sciences in our approach
Analyzing the impact of social factors on homelessness with neutrosophic cognitive maps
Authors:   Docente de la carrera de Derecho de la Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes (UNIANDES Tulcán), Ecuador, Raúl D. C. Marcelo Ra� ,   Docente de la carrera de Derecho de la Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes (UNIANDES Riobamba), Ecuador,   Docente de la carrera de Derecho de la Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes (UNIANDES Babahoyo), Ecuador, Fabricio T.T. Diego , Elizabeth D. P. F. Patty
Published: October 2022

Homeless people are marginalized because they lack the resources necessary to participate in mainstream culture. It is not unusual to come across homeless persons in the streets of Quito, Ecuador, particularly in the downtown area. Society often refers to them as the unaccepted, the outcasts, the marginalized, and the homeless. Being a victim of aggressiveness is not an inevitable part of life on the streets. Still, unfortunately, we are seeing more and more instances of it being shown nearly every day. Many groups work to alleviate this problem by providing aid or enhancing the quality of life for these individuals. The goal of this study is to aid in strengthening the work of such institutions by providing a rationale for why so many crimes are decided to commit even against the homeless and how these institutions can better equip themselves to deal with the issue, as well as by providing tasks to assist direct the Homeless toward the Good Having to live Plan. A cognitive map of neutrosophic causes and effects was constructed.
Neutrosophic Multi-Criteria Method for Selecting Optimum Market
Authors:   Docente de la Carrera de Administración de Empresas de la Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes (UNIANDES), Ecuador, LASTRA O. ESPINOZA ,   Docente de la Carrera de Administración de Empresas de la Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes (UNIANDES), Ecuador,   Docente de la Carrera de Administración de Empresas de la Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes (UNIANDES), Ecuador, Villanueva L. Baque , Morán A. Izquierdo Mor�
Published: October 2022

The Indonesian rolling stock maker's target market and business strategy are analyzed here—the study's planning, data, and technique. To achieve sustainable growth across the board in the power generating industry, we concentrate on understanding the critical variables driving sustainable development in a market context unlike before. To identify the most vital aspects to consider while dealing with ambiguous rules, a methodology using Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) was presented. To address ambiguity and bring the problem-solving process closer to reality, we created a unique method that integrates MCDM techniques. Analytical Hierarchy Process AHP was employed in this investigation. To zero in on our ideal clientele, we turned to the AHP technique. This strategy considers quantitative aspects such as market characteristics and degree of competition when making decisions. The results indicate that rolling stock manufacturers have good reason to invest in expanding their share of these markets. However, despite the many prospects available in this field, the rolling stock producer faces a significant obstacle: the inability to adequately fund the pursuit of a more considerable portion of the market
Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps for Violence Cause Analysis
Authors:   Docente de la carrera de Derecho de la Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes (UNIANDES Quevedo), Ecuador, Rojas H. E. Lozano ,   Docente de la carrera de Derecho de la Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes (UNIANDES Riobamba), Ecuador,   Docente de la carrera de Derecho de la Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes (UNIANDES Tulcán), Ecuador, Nelson F. Sánchez , Marina Mendez Cabrita
Published: October 2022

Among the most valuable AI methods for modeling complicated things at the moment is the use of fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCMs). Conventional FCMs, on the other hand, can't handle the ambiguity that often arises in decision-making scenarios. A novel expansion of conventional FCMs called neutrosophic cognitive mapping (NCMs) was developed to address this shortcoming. However, the indeterminacy is not well handled by the NCMs stated in the citations since the level of indeterminacy is not quantified. In certain cases, choices should be seen as a series of steps that are only loosely related to one another. This occurs in project assessment when several activities depend on one another. Another difficult aspect of FCMs is that there isn't an appropriate topology for representing these types of decision-making difficulties. To aid in making decisions over several time periods, this research introduces a neutrosophic cognitive map built on triangular neutrosophic values (MS-TrNCM) for violence analysis. Through the use of triangular neutrosophic numbers, the suggested model allows experts to express their choices while considering various extents of truth, indeterminacy, and falsity in the underlying map linkages.
DESIGN OF MODERN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL IN SEMARANG PERANCANGAN PESANTREN MODERN DI SEMARANG
Authors: Listyawati Mentari , Mandaka Mutiawati
Published: October 2022

Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman, tuntutan mayarakat akan kebutuhan pendidkan umum kian meningkat, hal ini mendorong banyak pesantren yang menyediakan pendidikan umum di dalam pesantren. Kemudian muncul istilah pesantren modern, pesantren modern adalah pesantren dengan proses pembelajaran agama menyatu dengan pembelajaran umum berdasarkan kurikulum modern dan diajarkan di kelas-kelas dengan teratur. Perancangan Pesantren Modern di Semarang  merupakan sekolah  formal dan non formal yang berbasis asrama  yang di harapkan dapat memenuhi standar kualitas pendidikan keagamaan secara optimal serta menciptakan kriteria deasin  yang modern. Perancangan  kawasan Pesantren  Modern bertujuan untuk memaksimalkn pengolahan ruang  dan tampilan yang lebih sederhana sehingga dapat menghemat  waktu dan biaya. Arsitektur modern  merupakan  gaya arsitektur yang megutamakan bentuk dan fungsi    dibandingkan ornamen hias serta menjamin kesederhanaan.
In Vitro Study on the Protoscolicidal Effect of Synthesized Novel Azole Derivatives on Protoscoleces of Cystic Echinococcosis
Authors: Sadjjadi Seyed , Behrouz Somayeh , Ebrahimi Jamal , Nezhad Ali , Rad Mohammad
Published: October 2022

Objective: Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus sesu lato (E. granulosus s.l.) with world-wide distribution. In human, E.granulosus is found in the larval form, while the adult form is usually found in dogs. Surgery is still the treatment of choice for treatment of CE. However, chemotherapy using drugs like Albendazole, Mebendozole and Flubendazole has been used for a long time. There is still no agreement on their usage because of their high adverse effects, long-term therapy and low response. Using the new and novel drugs on protoscoleces is always interesting.
Materials and Methods: We applied in vitro protoscolicidal effect of a group of azole derivatives on protoscoleces of CE cyst. Sheep hepatic cysts were collected from Shiraz abattoir and transferred to the parasitology department at Shiraz medical school, where protoscoleces were separated aseptically for protoscolicidal studies. The protoscoleces were incubated against 7 new synthesized azole derivatives using LC50 of the compounds.
Results: Our results showed that ligand no.5 with a concentration of 50 µgr/ml and 10 µgr/ml, and the ligand no.3 in concentration of 50µgr/ml had the most protoscolicidal effects. The lowest protoscolicidal effect was observed for ligand no.7 with 44.30±22.1 and 53.46±28.63 percent destroying effect, respectively.
Conclusions: Regarding the high protoscolecidal effect of the ligands no. 3 and 5, these compounds have in vitro protoscolicidal effects. Further ex vivo and, in vivo investigations on these compounds is suggested.
Is Laparoscopy Safe in the Presence of Simultaneous Appendiceal Mucocele and Liver Cystic Echinococcosis ?
Authors: Alparslan Ahmet , Yalcin Metin , Aras Orhan
Published: October 2022

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a disease that is endemic in our country and is caused by the contamination of eggs of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus. Appendiceal mucocele is an obstructive dilatation of the appendix as a result of intraluminal accumulation of mucoid material. We aimed to present a patient with simultaneous appendiceal mucocele and liver CE. A 55-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain. In the radiological examinations of the patient, CE 2 lesion with a diameter of approximately 7x6cm in liver segment 7 and a lesion compatible with an appendiceal mucocele of approximately 4x4.5cm in the right lower quadrant were observed. The patient underwent laparoscopic partial cystectomy and laparoscopic appendectomy. The patient was discharged. In appropriate cases, laparoscopy can be safely performed simultaneously for appendiceal mucocele and liver CE.