bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polymer Electrolyte Membranes
Authors: Kumar Ponnusamy Senthil , Carolin C. Femina
Published: August 2019

Polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM) with good properties are essential for the improvement of electrochemical operations. The increase in properties of polymer electrolyte membranes will develop the performance of polymer electrolyte membranes in the fuel cells. The importance of polymer electrolyte membranes is increasing recently due to its activity and simplicity in energy associated applications like automobiles and various portable applications. PEM has various properties like proton conductivity, chemical stability, mechanical properties, thermal stability and so on. These properties are enhanced and influenced by various factors like morphology, the molecular weight of the membranes, chemical structures, cross linkages etc. The present chapter attempts to summarize about the properties of polymer electrolyte membrane involved in the different types of electrochemical utilizations. Keywords: Polymer electrolyte membrane, fuel cells, morphology, proton conductivity, chemical structure.
Oxidative Copolymerization of o-Hydroxy-m-Phenylenediamine and O- Toluidine - Synthesis, Structure and Properties of Copolymers
Authors: Nakhusheva Z.Z. , Takova D.H. , Ibragimova A.A. , Guchaeva M.Z. , Borukaev Timur A.
Published: August 2019

Oxidative copolymerization of o-hydroxybenzylidene-m-phenylenediamine and o-toluidine in a solution of sulfuric acid synthesized new copolymers of different composition. Structures of the copolymers obtained were confirmed by IR spectroscopy. It is shown that the copolymers obtained are not fusible materials and acid-soluble materials. The synthesized copolymers have been found to possess sufficient thermostability. The process of decomposition of the copolymers occurs in several stages, the temperature ranges depending on their composition.
Effect of Casting Solution Composition on Properties of PIM-1/PAN Thin Film Composite Membranes
Authors: Putintseva Maya N. , Borisov Ilya L. , Yushkin Alexey A. , Kirk R.A. , Budd P.M. , Volkov A.V.
Published: August 2019

In this work, PIM-1 thin film composite membranes supported on PAN were developed. The influence of PIM-1 concentration and nature of solvent stabilizer on the structure and gas separation properties of TFC membranes were studied. It was shown that amylene stabilized chloroform as PIM-1 solvent allows membranes to be obtained with a uniform selective layer in the whole range of concentrations used, and the ethanol stabilized chloroform provides a uniform layer at 2 and 4 wt % PIM-1 concentration. The best CO2/N2 selectivities were 35,9 and 39,5 for 4 % wt PIM-1 solution in ethanol and amylene stabilized chloroform, respectively.
Preparation of Polyacrylonitrile Membranes by Vapor Induced Phase Separation
Authors: Yushkin Alexey A. , Bakhtin D.S. , Efimov M.N. , Karpacheva G.P. , Volkov A.V.
Published: August 2019

The porous membranes made of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were developed by vapor induced phase separation (VIPS) technique. The effect of vapor exposure time on membrane permeability and a porous structure was investigated. All membranes exposed in water vapors have a sponge-like structure in contrast to the finger-like structure of PAN membrane obtained by non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method. The obtained membranes demonstrated water permeance up to 405 kg/m2•h•bar and the retention of Blue Dextran (MW 70 kDa) on the level of 52-83%.
The Method of the Extent of Epoxy-Amine Cure Reaction Determination by near Infra-Red Spectroscopy
Authors: Vashurkin Dmitry V. , Malkov Georgiy V. , Karpov Sergei V. , Garifullin Nilson O. , Kapasharov Artur T.
Published: August 2019

The aim of this work is development of method to determine the conversion of epoxy groups in the epoxy amine resins based on the epoxy oligomer ED-20 and hardener DDM. The studies were carried out in the NIR range. The mathematical division of the spectrum of the resins into individual peaks was used and concentrations of the functional groups were calculated on them. The dependence of the maximum conversion of epoxy groups in the resins after curing at 140 оС was obtained.
Glass-Filled Wood-Polymer Composites Based on Polypropylene
Authors: Fayzullin Ilnur Z. , Musin Ildar N. , Volfson Svetoslav Isaakovich , Nikiforov Anton A.
Published: August 2019

This paper describes the study on the influence of glass spheres on physicochemical and service properties of wood-polymer composites (WPC) based on polypropylene. The main objective of doping WPC with glass spheres was to reduce density of composites maintaining their service properties.
Fine Grain Concrete on Mixing Water Activated in Cavitation Permanent Magnet-Type Apparatus
Authors: Akulova Marina A. , Slizneva T.E. , Razgovorov P.B. , Sokolova Alla G.
Published: August 2019

The authors obtained fine grain concrete based on the mortars of additives-electrolytes undergone mechanic magnetic activation and characterized by improved compression and bending strength and enhanced freeze-thaw resistance. There was investigated the impact of mechanic magnetic activation (MMA) on mixing water when adding calcium chloride and sodium thiosulphate as well as on porosity of cement stone and specific features of phase formation in cement stone. It was stated by the authors that MMA facilitates formation of nucleation centers in activated water in the presence of additives-electrolytes, optimization of porous space as well as crystallization of calcium carbonate in the form of aragonite when lowering the content of Portlandite. The mechanism of joined influence of hydrodynamic and magnetic treatment of mixing water has been determined.
Polyether-Ketones Based on 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-Di(3,5-Dibromo-4-Hydroxyphenyl) Ethylene
Authors: Kalinnikov A.N. , Borodulin A.S. , Kharaev A.M. , Bazheva R.Ch. , Balkarova S.B. , Kharaeva R.A.
Published: August 2019

Basic properties of poly (arylene ether ketone) s based on 1,1-dichloro-2,2-di (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl) ethylene were synthesized and studied. Polyarylene ether ketones were obtained on the basis of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-di (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl) ethylene with increased heat - thermal and fire resistance of structural and film purposes.
Synthesis and Performance Characteristics of Superstructure Polyethers
Authors: Borodulin A.S. , Kharaev A.M. , Kalinnikov A.N. , Bazheva R.Ch. , Kvashin Vadim A. , Beshtoev B.Z.
Published: August 2019

In this article, we describe the synthesis of polyretherketones (PEK) by the method of acceptor-catalytic polycondensation, using oligoketones with different condensation degree (n = 1, 10, 20), isophthalic and terephthalic acid dichloride hydrides and 2,2-di-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane. Their properties were also studied
Metal Complex Polymers of Guanidine Polymetacrylate with Fe2+- Ions and their Properties
Authors: Isupova Zalina Yu. , Khashirova S.Yu. , Kyarov A.A. , Balaeva S.M. , Danilova-Volkovskaya Galina M. , Bashorov M.T.
Published: August 2019

Metal complex polymers of polymethacrylate guanidine with Fe2 + ions were studied. The optimal concentration of Fe2+-ions to obtain water-soluble polymers has been determined. Their thermal properties were investigated, it was found that the obtained metal complexes exhibit bactericidal properties with respect to gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains.
Modified Materials Based on SKN-40 Butadien-Nitril Rubber
Authors: Abdikarimov Malik N. , Turgumbayeva R.Kh. , Musabekov R.A. , Jamankulova N.O. , Bekalay N.K.
Published: August 2019

Identified in work dependency allow to predict the flammability properties, rate of coke combustion and height butadiene-nitrile rubberswith BS-120 white carbon additives and novolac phenol-formaldehyde SF010A resins.
Plastification of Сarbon-Filled Polyetherimide
Authors: Slonov Azamat L. , Musov Ismel V. , Zhansitov Azamat , Khashirov Azamat A. , Kuchmenova L.K. , Khashirova S.Yu.
Published: August 2019

The article presents the results of the study of the possibility of plasticization of carbon-filled polyetherimide (PEI). Oligophenylene sulfone (OPSU) and polycarbonate (PC) were used as plasticizing agents. It is shown that OPSU and PC have a rather effective plasticizing effect during processing. Moreover, their introduction improves the elastic-strength properties of carbon fibres-filled PEI. It is revealed that composites with OPSU have a higher heat resistance and thermal oxidative stability of the melt. Samples of carbon-filled PEI containing plasticizer, printed by FDM, showed high elastic properties.
Synthesis and Research of Properties of Polyether Ether Ketone
Authors: Kurdanova Z.I. , Zhansitov Azamat , Slonov Azamat L. , Shakhmurzova K.T. , Baykaziev A.E. , Khashirova S.Yu.
Published: August 2019

Polyether ether ketones based on 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone and hydroquinone in sulfolane medium in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate were synthesized by the method of high-temperature polycondensation. The rheological, thermal, electrical and physical-mechanical properties are investigated. It is shown that, at processing temperatures, the molecular weight of polyether ether ketones synthesized in sulfolane increases, apparently due to the branching processes of the polymer chain.
The Effect of PEEK Drying Modes on Thermal Stability
Authors: Khakyasheva Elina V. , Shabaev A.S. , Khashirova S.Yu. , Shetov Ruslan , Aloev V.Z.
Published: August 2019

The temperature-time regimes of drying of polyetheretherketone were revealed, during which it is completely possible to get rid of sorption water. The upper limit of the drying temperature is established, above which the thermal stability of polymers deteriorates markedly.
Some Features of Copoly(Arylene Ether Ether Ketone) Synthesis by Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction
Authors: Beev Aues A. , Khashirova S.Yu. , Beeva D.A. , Shokumova M.U. , Aloev V.Z.
Published: August 2019

Studies on the improvement of the processes of synthesis of poly (arylene ether ether ketone) s and copoly (arylene ether ether ketone), which have found wide application as the basis of many engineering plastics, have important practical significance. In the present paper, some features of the synthesis of copoly (arylene ether ether ketone) by nucleophilic substitution reaction are considered, the dependencies of the reduced viscosity of copolyesters on the chemical structure of diols and the conditions of the copolycondensation processes are clarified.
Bidirectional Cross-Talk between Biliary Epithelium and Th17 Cells Promotes Local Th17 Expansion and Bile Duct Proliferation in Biliary Liver Diseases
Authors: Jeffery Hannah C. , Hunter Stuart , Humphreys Elizabeth H. , Bhogal Ricky , Wawman Rebecca E. , Birtwistle Jane , Atif Muhammad , Bagnal Christopher J. , Rodriguez Blanco Giovanny , Richardson Naomi , Warner Suz , Dunn Warwick B. , Afford Simon C. , Adams David H. , Oo Ye Htun
Published: August 2019

There is no effective treatment for autoimmune biliary diseases. Therefore, understanding their immunopathology is crucial. The biliary epithelial cells (BEC), expressing TLR-4, are constantly exposed to gut microbes and bacterial wall LPS, and in settings of inflammation, the immune infiltrate is dense within the peribiliary region of human liver. By dual immunohistochemistry, we affirm human intrahepatic T cell infiltrate includes CCR6+CD4+ and AhR+CD4+ T cells with potential for plasticity to Th17 phenotype. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Th1 and Th17 inflammatory cytokines and LPS enhance human primary BEC release of the CCR6 ligand CCL20 and BEC secretion of Th17-polarizing cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β. Cell culture assays with human BEC secretome showed that secretome polarizes CD4 T cells toward a Th17 phenotype and supports the survival of Th17 cells. BEC secretome did not promote Th1 cell generation. Additionally, we give evidence for a mutually beneficial feedback of the type 17 cell infiltrate on BEC, showing that treatment with type 17 cytokines increases BEC proliferation, as monitored by Ki67 and activation of JAK2-STAT3 signaling. This study identifies human BEC as active players in determining the nature of the intrahepatic immune microenvironment. In settings of inflammation and/or infection, biliary epithelium establishes a prominent peribiliary type 17 infiltrate via recruitment and retention and enhances polarization of intrahepatic CD4 cells toward Th17 cells via type 17 cytokines, and, reciprocally, Th17 cells promote BEC proliferation for biliary regeneration. Altogether, we provide new insight into cross-talk between Th17 lymphocytes and human primary biliary epithelium in biliary regenerative pathologies.
IL-33 Is a Cell-Intrinsic Regulator of Fitness during Early B Cell Development
Authors: Stier Matthew T. , Mitra Ramkrishna , Nyhoff Lindsay E. , Goleniewska Kasia , Zhang Jian , Puccetti Matthew V. , Casanova Holly C. , Seegmiller Adam C. , Newcomb Dawn C. , Kendall Peggy L. , Eischen Christine M. , Peebles R. Stokes
Published: August 2019

IL-33 is an IL-1 family member protein that is a potent driver of inflammatory responses in both allergic and nonallergic disease. This proinflammatory effect is mediated primarily by extracellular release of IL-33 from stromal cells and binding of the C-terminal domain of IL-33 to its receptor ST2 on targets such as CD4+ Th2 cells, ILC2, and mast cells. Notably, IL-33 has a distinct N-terminal domain that mediates nuclear localization and chromatin binding. However, a defined in vivo cell-intrinsic role for IL-33 has not been established. We identified IL-33 expression in the nucleus of progenitor B (pro-B) and large precursor B cells in the bone marrow, an expression pattern unique to B cells among developing lymphocytes. The IL-33 receptor ST2 was not expressed within the developing B cell lineage at either the transcript or protein level. RNA sequencing analysis of wild-type and IL-33–deficient pro-B and large precursor B cells revealed a unique, IL-33–dependent transcriptional profile wherein IL-33 deficiency led to an increase in E2F targets, cell cycle genes, and DNA replication and a decrease in the p53 pathway. Using mixed bone marrow chimeric mice, we demonstrated that IL-33 deficiency resulted in an increased frequency of developing B cells via a cell-intrinsic mechanism starting at the pro-B cell stage paralleling IL-33 expression. Finally, IL-33 was detectable during early B cell development in humans and IL33 mRNA expression was decreased in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia samples compared with healthy controls. Collectively, these data establish a cell-intrinsic, ST2-independent role for IL-33 in early B cell development.
Recognition of Class II MHC Peptide Ligands That Contain β-Amino Acids
Authors: Cheloha Ross W. , Woodham Andrew W. , Bousbaine Djenet , Wang Tong , Liu Shi , Sidney John , Sette Alessandro , Gellman Samuel H. , Ploegh Hidde L.
Published: August 2019

Proteins are composed of α-amino acid residues. This consistency in backbone structure likely serves an important role in the display of an enormous diversity of peptides by class II MHC (MHC-II) products, which make contacts with main chain atoms of their peptide cargo. Peptides that contain residues with an extra carbon in the backbone (derived from β-amino acids) have biological properties that differ starkly from those of their conventional counterparts. How changes in the structure of the peptide backbone affect the loading of peptides onto MHC-II or recognition of the resulting complexes by TCRs has not been widely explored. We prepared a library of analogues of MHC-II–binding peptides derived from OVA, in which at least one α-amino acid residue was replaced with a homologous β-amino acid residue. The latter contain an extra methylene unit in the peptide backbone but retain the original side chain. We show that several of these α/β-peptides retain the ability to bind tightly to MHC-II, activate TCR signaling, and induce responses from T cells in mice. One α/β-peptide exhibited enhanced stability in the presence of an endosomal protease relative to the index peptide. Conjugation of this backbone-modified peptide to a camelid single-domain Ab fragment specific for MHC-II enhanced its biological activity. Our results suggest that backbone modification offers a method to modulate MHC binding and selectivity, T cell stimulatory capacity, and susceptibility to processing by proteases such as those found within endosomes where Ag processing occurs.
World Health Report 2000: Health system performance
Authors: Corr Peter
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Carotid cavernous aneurysm in an HIV-positive patient
Authors: Corr P. , Nadvi S.
Published: August 2019

An intracavernous carotid aneurysm in an HIV-positive patient with tuberculous meningitis is presented. HIV-associated intracranial aneurysms are rarely detected in adults, unlike children. The aetiology is postulated.
Web-based radiology practice
Authors: Beningfield S. J.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
SAJR: Quo vadis?
Authors: Andronikou Savvas
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Magnetic resonance features of intracranial tuberculosis in children
Authors: Andronikou S. , Kader E. , Welman C. J.
Published: August 2019

Intracranial tuberculosis in children is seen as either parenchymal tuberculous lesions or tuberculous meningitis (TBM). This article demonstrates the MR features of TBM and the two varieties of tuberculous (TB) granulomata. Gummatous granulomata (tuberculomata) comprise 90% of presenting intracranial TB lesions. They have a characteristic low signal on T2-weighted sequences that differentiates them from other commonly encountered ring-enhancing lesions such as neurocysticerci. TB abscesses are very rare and have the same features as pyogenic abscesses. Features of TBM include hydrocephalus, basal meningeal enhancement and basal ganglia infarctions.
The computed tomography features of multifocal nephroblastomatosis
Authors: Andronikou S. , Welman C. , Kader E.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Tips for the Radiologist: A nursing perspective on sedating children for CT scanning
Authors: Duminiet Barbara
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Tips for the Radiologist: The adenoid and snoring
Authors: Klein M.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Tips for the Radiologist: When and how to perform intravenous urography in children
Authors: Andronikou S. , Smith B.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Tips for the Radiologist: Clarifying lucent oval skull markings in children - Craniolacunia, convolutional markings and copper-beaten skull
Authors: Andronikou S. , Welman C. , Kader E.
Published: August 2019

Large oval lucencies seen on the paediatric skull radiograph (SXR) may be normal or pathological. The radiologist, however, must be clear about which findings are pathological and the appropriate terminology when reporting on a paediatric SXR. By noting the clinical setting, the age of the patient and associated skull abnormalities, the appropriate terms can be used so that normal convolutional markings can be distinguished from accentuated markings of copper (silver)-beaten skull in raised intracranial pressure (ICP) and the lacunae in patients with Lückenschadel accompanying spinal dysraphism.
Academic radiology: Quo vadis?
Authors: Höll Julian
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Consent in radiology
Authors: Howarth G. R.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Chiari type I and II malformations
Authors: Andronikou S. , Welman C. , Kader E.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
An unusual renal cyst
Authors: Drosten Ralph , Diedericks C. F.G. , Van Niekerk A. J.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
The radiologist: Does s/he have a place in modern medicine?
Authors: De Vries C. S.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Dysphagia aortic: Dual aortic impressions on barium swallow
Authors: Van der Ness M. N. , Stassen L. W.
Published: August 2019

Transient intermittent oesophageal obstruction in an elderly patient is described. Barium swallow showed an extrinsic impression of the oesophagus by an aneurysmal aortic arch as well as the descending aorta. The aetiology and likely differential considerations are discussed.
Malignant gastrointestinal stromal cell tumour (GIST) of the stomach
Authors: Spies W. , De Vries C. S.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Venous angiomas of the brain: A review
Authors: Duncan Ian C.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Klippel-Feil syndrome
Authors: Ozoh J. O. , Tsatsi L. D.R. , Broudie H. B.
Published: August 2019

We present a 38-year-old male patient who sustained a minor and superficial stab injury in the left flank as well as a laceration on the scalp overlying the right parietal bone. On examination the classical triad of Klippel-Feil syndrome (short neck, low posterior hair line, limitation of neck movements) were observed. Further investigations revealed a plethora of congenital anomalies, including atlanto-occipital fusion, basilar impression, congenital fusion of CS and C6 vertebrae, scoliosis with convexity to the right side, complete situs inversus, and bilateral pelvic kidneys. Despite these multiple anomalies our patient still lives a relatively normal life and only sought medical help after minor injuries sustained during a brawl, for which he was treated in the hospital and discharged the following day.
Fibromuscular dysplasia: Imaging and intervention
Authors: Duncan Ian C.
Published: August 2019

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a non-atheromatous, non-inflammatory disorder of medium-sized arteries, usually affecting the carotid and renal arteries. Many cases remain undiagnosed or are discovered co-incidently, with relatively few producing significant clinical problems. FMD produces both typical and nonspecific angiographic patterns that can be mimicked by other arterial diseases. The pathology and radiological findings of FMD are reviewed here together with an overview of the available treatment options.
Multiple phaeochromocytoma (adrenal and extra-adrenal)
Authors: Tsatsi L. D.R. , Mabiletsa M. A.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
A comparison of rural crimes in Australia (NSW) and South Africa
Authors: Clack Willie Johannes
Published: August 2019

Rural criminology as a topic of scholarly study, neglected over the past two to three decades, has bounced into the spotlight, with claims now being made that rural criminology is receiving justified attention among the academic fraternity. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the major challenge facing two countries with different levels of development as identified by the United Nations Human Development Index. A predicament for rural criminology is that the world is not equal: rural crimes is researched in developed countries but not in developing countries. This paper compares the types and prevalence of agricultural crimes in Australia (NSW) and South Africa to determine whether significant differences or similarities exist.
Molecular compositions and optical properties of dissolved brown carbon in smoke particles illuminated by excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy and
Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) analysis
Authors: Tang Jiao , Li Jun , Su Tao , Han Yong , Mo Yangzhi , Jiang Hongxing , Cui Min , Jiang Bin , Chen Yingjun , Tang Jianhui , Song Jianzhong , Peng Ping'an , Zhang Gan
Published: August 2019

Abstract. We investigated the fluorescence and chemical-structural characteristics of dissolved brown carbon (BrC) in smoke particulates emitted from the combustion of biomass and fossil fuels (coal and vehicle exhaust) by excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy and Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI). Six components were resolved by parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) of the water-soluble and methanol-soluble organic carbon (MSOC) fractions, respectively. These fluorescent components varied among sources. Combined with FT-ICR MS ion groups, we found that the fluorescent components agreed well with the functional groups, particularly with nitrogen (N)- and sulfur (S)-containing groups. Among the six PARAFAC components (P1–6) retrieved from the water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) fraction, except for the P3 component, the other components exhibited different values among the three types of emission sources tested. Vehicle exhaust was characterized by high P1 and P6 components, which are mainly associated with aromatic organosulfate compounds, and a high P5 component, mainly associated with sulfonates; coal combustion was characterized by a high P4 component, which is associated with nitrooxy-organosulfate (nitrooxy-OS) compounds; and biomass burning was characterized by the P2 component. Similar results were observed in the case of the MSOC fraction. This study reveals the source contribution and possible structures of previously unclear excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescent components in combustion-derived aerosols. These are the first findings of this type and are potentially applicable to further studies on EEM-based source apportionment of dissolved BrC in aerosols.
Spatial variations of CO2 fluxes in the Saguenay Fjord (Québec, Canada) and results of a water mixing model
Authors: Delaigue Louise , Thomas Helmuth , Mucci Alfonso
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The Saguenay Fjord is a major tributary of the St. Lawrence Estuary and is strongly stratified. A 6–8 m wedge of brackish water typically overlies up to 270 m of seawater. Relative to the St. Lawrence River, the surface waters of the Saguenay Fjord are less alkaline and host higher dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. In view of the latter, surface waters of the fjord are expected to be a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere, as they partly originate from the flushing of organic-rich soil porewaters. Nonetheless, the intrusion, at the surface, of brackish water from the upper estuary with the rising tide, as well as mixing of seawater, overflowing the sill from the lower estuary, modulate the CO2 dynamics in the fjord. Using geochemical and isotopic tracers, in combination with an optimization multiparameter algorithm (OMP), we determined the relative contribution of known source-waters to the water column in the Saguenay Fjord, including waters that originate from the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary and replenish the fjord’s deep basins. These results, when combined to a conservative mixing model and compared to field measurements, serve to identify the dominant factors, other than physical mixing, such as biological activity (photosynthesis, respiration) and gas exchange at the air-water interface, that impact the water properties (e.g., pH, pCO2) of the fjord. Results indicate that the fjord’s surface waters are a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere during periods of high freshwater discharge (e.g., spring freshet) whereas they serve as a net sink of atmospheric CO2 when their practical salinity exceeds ~ 5–10.
Removal mechanism of machinable ceramics and theoretical model of cutting force in turning operation
Authors: Liu Tao , Ma Lianjie , Wang Ye , Bai Wei , Chang Hao
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The removal mechanism of machinable ceramics in turning
was studied, and a theoretical model of cutting force based on energy theory was proposed. Based on the turning test of machinable ceramics and
kinematics analysis of the tool-workpiece system, a model of tool-workpiece
contact zone considering the tool tip arc radius was established. The crack
propagation path and three stages of the crack development were analyzed
from the stress perspective. Then the energy of the crack system was
studied, and the brittle fracture energy which is more suitable for brittle
materials was put forward. Based on the principle of energy conservation, a
correction theoretical model of cutting force was established, which was
verified by turning experiments of machinable ceramics. The results
indicated that the predicted values of the model were in good agreement with
the experimental values. Both theoretical model and experimental results
demonstrated that the cutting force decreased as cutting speed increased,
and increased as cutting depth and feed rate increased. This model enabled
an in-depth understanding of the interaction action between the cutting tool
and work materials involved in the turning of machinable ceramics.
Hydrographic survey over the Carlsberg Ridge in May 2012
Authors: He Hailun , Wang Yuan , Han Xiqiu , Wei Yanzhou , Lin Pengfei , Qiu Zhongyan , Wang Yejian
Published: August 2019

Abstract. In May 2012, we conducted a hydrographic survey over the Carlsberg Ridge in the northwest Indian Ocean. In this paper, we use these station data, in combination with some free-floating Argo profiles, to obtain the sectional temperature and salinity fields, and subsequently, the hydrographic characteristics are comprehensively analyzed. Through the basic T-S diagram, three salty water masses, Arabian Sea High-Salinity Water, Persian Gulf Water, and Red Sea Water, are identified. The sectional data show a clear ventilation structure associated with Arabian Sea High-Salinity Water. The 35.8 psu salty water sinks at 6.9° N and extends southward to 4.4° N at depths around the thermocline, where the thermocline depth is in the range of 100 to 150 m. This salty thermocline extends much further south than the climatology indicates. Furthermore, the temperature and salinity data are used to compute the absolute geostrophic current over the specific section, and the results show meso-scale eddy vertical structure different from some widely used oceanic reanalysis data. We also find a west-propagating disturbance at 6° N, and the related features are described in terms of phase speed, horizontal and vertical structures.
A Semi-Attending Robotics Course Proposal: An On-line Platform and set of In-Person Meetings For Teaching Robotics using Lego Mindstorms EV3
Authors: Rodrigues Alane Teixeira , De Couto Robson Lopes , De Moraes Jermana L. , Pinto Vandilberto Pereira , Almeida Rômulo Nunes e C
Published: August 2019

The application of robotics as an instrument for boosting the learning process inside classrooms is nowadays a quite reachable reality. The participatory method, in which students and tutors cooperate among themselves for pursuing knowledge, reveals itself as an increasingly easer and didactic manner of passing on knowledge in class. Making use of this learning method, and the interest of the youth for the technological field, a semi-attending robotics course has been delivered by students of the Universidade Federal do Ceará to students and teachers from the public schools’ system in the municipality of Sobral, State of Ceará, in partnership with the UFC Virtual Institute and the Education Office of Sobral (SEDUC). It is common that students of secondary education lose interest and feel discouraged when studying some school subjects, because of their abstract nature. Aiming for aiding the teaching of these subjects, such as mathematics, physics and computer programming, Educational Robotics was used as an effort for making such subjects more interesting and easier to grasp, dynamizing their studying. This project aimed to introduce basic notions about robotics making use of the Lego Mindstorms EV3 kit, with aid of SOLAR, an online platform where the e-learning classes were taught, and the utilization of a visual language for programming the robots, part of the software bundled with the Lego Mindstorms Ev3 kit.  The in-person meetings were carried out every last weekend of each month, so that the students could practice programming the Lego Mindstorms and put into use what they had learned in the virtual classes beforehand. At the end of the course, when all the students already had the skills for programming the robotics kit, a competition was held with the intent of harvesting the results obtained over the duration of the course. The teams with best performance were awarded medals and trophies, as recognition of the effort they put in. The participants were also encouraged to keep studying and improving their knowledge of robotics after the end of the course.
Productivity and Constraint on Multi-Verb Constructions in Old Japanese
Authors: Li Wenchao
Published: August 2019

Old Japanese is a dead language from the Asuka and Nara periods (7th - 8th century AD). Its writing system, case system and word order make it distinct from Modern Japanese in many respects. This study presents a quantitative linguistic analysis to the patterns of multiple verb combining in Old Japanese. To this end, two databases were built: multi-verb construction in the Early Nara Period written in variant Chinese (AD. 712) and purely classical Chinese (AD. 720), and multi-verb construction in the Late Nara Period written by man’yōgana (AD. 759).The findings reveal that, in the Nara period, the formation of multi-verb constructions is an issue of verb serialisingand is facilitated at a syntactic level. Grammaticalisation of unaccusative change-of-state verbs and motion verbs results in tighter integrity of multiple verbs, which, in turn, inspires the device of verb compounding.The entropy ofthe Vfinal unaccusative reveals that the formation via verb serialising is more productive than the formation via verb compounding.
Violencia de Género y embarazo en adolescentes
Authors: ´Pacheco Ángela Bersabé
Published: August 2019

El objetivo fundamental de este estudio consiste en establecer la relación entre embarazo en adolescentes y la violencia de género, realizando estudios de variables tales como escolaridad, ocupación, estado familiar, nivel socioeconómico y experiencia de violencia. El embarazo precoz resulta ser la suma de una serie de acontecimientos biológicos, sociales, económicos y culturales, cuyo análisis requiere no solo la retórica explicación tradicional; sino además, tomar en cuenta la complejidad y la diversidad de factores vinculados al mismo, en especial la violencia de género. Está investigación de corte cuantitativo, describe a través del estudio de casos de siete adolescentes gestantes entre los 15 y 17 años, residentes en Ciudad Barrios, San Miguel; como la falta de información, la invisibilización cultural de la mujer y su objetivación sexual son elementos indisolubles de está problemática. Los resultados evidencian la presencia de violencia de género en todas las cosas, aun cuando la participación no la reconoce como tal.  Inicialmente, estos resultados servirán de base para la ejecución de indagaciones más profundas, además de ser utilizados en el diseño de programas de prevención y acciones de atención a la mujer adolescente embarazada.
Desarrollo y validación de una escala sobre tabaquismo en adultos
Authors: Alfaro Sifontes Manuel Guillermo
Published: August 2019

El consumo de tabaco es uno de los factores que más repercuten en la población de países desarrollados y en vías de desarrollo. En este sentido, es necesaria la construcción de instrumentos de medición confiables que ahonden sobre las características del tabaquismo y que sean capaces de apegarse a un contex­to social específico. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de confiabilidad y validez de la Escala de Taba­quismo (ECT-1) aplicada a adultos salvadoreños.Métodos: En base a 200 instrumentos aplicados (ST'J=16.67), se realizaron los cálculos del coefi­ciente de Cron Bach y de un análisis factorial ex­ploratorio con rotación Varimax. Resultados: Se obtuvo una solución factorial de dos factores que explicaron el 60.3% de la varianza. A su vez, las dos sub escalas (conocimiento sobre tabaquis­mo y consumo de tabaco) contaron con un alto coeficiente de confiabilidad. Conclusiones: La escala demostró una estructura bidimensional del constructo tabaquismo" tal como lo sugiere el en­foque tradicional sobre la sustancia. Se constató que tanto las cogniciones como el consumo son los criterios fundamentales para la explicación del tabaquismo.
Frecuencia de caries dentales en pacientes de la clínica odontológica de la Universidad Tecnológica Centroamericana
Authors: Cerrato Michelle , Canales Daniel , Guevara Bessy , Chirinos Siryi , Ramirez Ruben , Espinal Thania
Published: August 2019

La caries dental es un proceso patológico complejo, de origen infeccioso y transmisible que afecta a las estructuras dentarias y se caracteriza por un desequilibrio bioquímico que de no ser revertido, conduce a cavitación y a alteraciones del complejo dentino-pulpar. Datos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud indican que la prevalencia de caries a nivel mundial es de 60-90% en escolares y casi el 100% en adultos. Aquí presentamos un estudio descriptivo realizado en la clínica odontológica de UNITEC entre Junio 2016 y Agosto 2017. De los 168 pacientes evaluados 95% presentó carie. Las piezas dentales más afectadas fueron las molares. La molar con más caries fue la 2.7 con 94 caries, seguida de la 1.6 con 92 caries, la 2.6 con 89 caries, la 3.7 con 88 caries y la 1.7 con 86 caries. El 78% de pacientes usa cepillo dental y solamente un 32% usa hilo dental. Es necesario promover más prevención dental.
Suplemento: Congreso Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación CONACIETI
Authors: Innovare Revista
Published: August 2019

Editorial Dr. Nelson Lizardo Bienvenida al Congreso Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación 2019 Dra. Reyna M. Durón Programa Científico Resúmenes de Trabajos Libres - Conferencias Resúmenes de Trabajos Libres – Pósteres Trabajos Finalistas del Concurso de Investigación Nuevas Normas para Autores Declaración de Ética de Publicación
“I’ve Been Bad”: Using Light Verse in Teaching Philosophy
Authors: Ackerman Felicia Nimue
Published: August 2019

Conventional wisdom in our society is that a good death involves accepting it as natural rather than striving to stave it off as long as possible. An alternative view is “Death can be good / I’ll show you how / Just have it come / decades from now.” In this essay, I discuss how I use this poem and other light verses of mine in teaching philosophy. These poems offer unusual viewpoints in several additional areas of philosophical and bioethical interest, including growth through adversity, old age, family relations, obesity, envy, inequality, and ambition. Such poems can supplement traditional philosophical writing by presenting these alternative viewpoints in an amusing way that can capture students’ attention and relieve the solemnity that often pervades philosophy courses.
Appearance Emotionalism in Music: Analysis and Criticism
Authors: Ravasio Matteo
Published: August 2019

This paper is composed of two related parts. The first raises questions regarding the characterization of the phenomenology of music listening required by Davies’s theory of musical expressiveness, appearance emotionalism. I will identify two possible readings of the theory, a thick and a thin one, and claim that the former represents the basic characterization of what it is to hear expressive music according to appearance emotionalism. The thick characterization is to be preferred, I will claim, both on the grounds of textual evidence and of overall consistency and explanatory power. The second part of the paper discusses a criticism of appearance emotionalism I advanced in a recently published paper, along with its consequences for aesthetic education. In the remainder of the paper, I address Davies’s twofold reply to my objection. I contend that both replies fail to address at least some of the problems I raised. The first reply fails because of Davies’s own view of emotions, while the seconds fails if one accepts the thick characterization of appearance emotionalism I offer in the first half of the paper.
Yield From Forest Harvesting Operations for the Production of Charcoal in the State of Minas Gerais
Authors: Lana Guilherme Carvalho , Timofeiczyk Jr Romano , Silva Dimas Agostinho da , Buratto David Alexandre , Oliveira Gustavo Silva
Published: August 2019

The charcoal is a renewable natural resource, produced from wood by the process of carbonization and with great energetic importance. However, there is still little research and use of new technologies to optimize the use of wood in the production of charcoal. Therefore, the present work was aimed at analyzing the yield from forest harvesting operations for the production of charcoal. The research was developed at Vallourec e Mannesmann Florestal, a company located at Itapoã farm, municipality of Paraopeba, Minas Gerais. To this end, the harvest and timber transport operations in the short log system, the carbonization, and the properties of the charcoal produced were assessed. To this end, data was collected from eighteen 9-hour shifts for the Harvester, fifty-four 9-hour shifts for the forwarder, and 36 carbonization cycles. The equipment was analyzed working with three different log lengths—2.1 m, 3.7 m, and 5.0 m. The results demonstrate, during the cutting and processing, that the yield by cutting longer logs is higher. Likewise, at forwarding, the operation’s yield increases according to log length for thick and thin logs. Finally, concerning carbonization, the yield at the furnace loading stage was higher as the length of the log used increased, however, upon unloading the furnace, it was when it decreased.
Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Agroforestry, Conventional Plantations and Native Forests in Roraima State, Northern Brazil
Authors: Araújo Tharles Mesquita , Silva Krisle da , Pereira Gilmara Maria Duarte , Curcino Alexandre , Stürmer Sidney Luiz , Gomide Plinio Henrique Oliveira
Published: August 2019

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important components of the soil microbiota in terrestrial ecosystems, under the influence of various factors such as soil use and management, and can be adapted to a structure and diversity of fungal communities. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the influence of different systems of land use and management on AMF diversity in the Roraima State, Brazil. We collected soil samples in agroforestry, conventional soybean planting, conventional corn and native forest. After 150 days of incubation in a greenhouse, we extracted the spores in order to evaluate AMF, volume and to determine taxonomic identification. We found 16 species of AMF and the genus Acaulospora was the most frequent, followed by Glomus. Soil under agroforestry system had the highest species richness and the native forest, the lowest. On the other hand, soybean and corn areas presented greater density values than agroforestry system and native forest. In the agroforestry system, SOM attributes, Al3+ and H + Al had influence in AMF species richness. Thus, agroforestry constitute sustainable alternative influencing AMF communities in these ecosystems.
Standard Area Diagram Set for Scab Evaluation in Fruits of sour Passion Fruit
Authors: Costa Anne Pinheiro , Peixoto José Ricardo , Blum Luiz Eduardo Bassay , Pires Márcio de Carvalho
Published: August 2019

Scab (Cladosporium spp.) significantly comprises the commercial acceptance of sour passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) because of the deformed and atrophied fruit appearance resulting from the development of the lesions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to elaborate and validate a standard area diagram set (SADs) for the severity evaluation of scab in fruits of sour passion fruit. The SADs comprised eight severity levels (0.6; 1; 2; 4; 8; 16; 37; and 46%) and was validated by 20 raters (G1 and G3, inexperienced; G2 and G4, experienced). Initially, all raters performed a non-aided SADs evaluation of the scab severity. Afterward, G1 and G2 completed the second evaluation without the proposed SADs, whereas G3 and G4 performed a SADs-aided assessment of the disease severity. The accuracy and precision of the evaluations were determined by simple linear regression and by the Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient. Constant and systematic errors decreased with the use of the SADs, demonstrating an approximation between the estimated and the actual values. Precision increased with an increase in the coefficient of determination. Also, the absolute error reduced by 66% (G3) and 47% (G4). Therefore, 94.4% (G3) and 98.8% (G4) of the estimates had up to ±10% of errors, which corresponds to a 20.4% (G3) and 5.6% (G4) increment in the estimates with errors within this variation range. As a result, accuracy and precision were higher in the SADs-aided groups. Inexperienced raters were the most benefited by the use of the SADs. The accuracy and precision of the non-aided groups had a slight or no increase when compared with the SADs-aided groups.
Mapping of Central Pivot Irrigation in the Hydrographic Basin of the Goiano Tributaries of the Araguaia River
Authors: Silva Franciele de Freitas , Costa Adriana Rodolfo da , Giongo Pedro Rogerio , Pereira Luciane de Souza , Silva Wagner de Freitas , Cavalcante Thomas Jefferson , Moraes Victor Hugo , Arantes Bruno Henrique Tondato , Santos Janyne Moura dos
Published: August 2019

The use of irrigation has expanded and favored agricultural productivity in recent years. The mapping through remote sensing has contributed to the monitoring of irrigated areas. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the central pivotal evolution in terms of location by municipalities, micro basins, soils and slope in the Goian tributary watershed of the Araguaia River State of Goiás. Data were available between 2000 and 2016. Irrigated areas were surveyed through the database available in the Geographical Information System of the State of Goiás (SGEI). The vector and raster data were manipulated using the Qgis v software. 2.18.26 (QGIS Development, 2019). The pivots were counted through the statistical function of the software. From the shape SGEI available in the soil map of classes is generated by categorizes tion of soil types. The declivity map was generated from raster files acquired through the Brazilian Geo morphological Database (INPE, 2017). The slope classes (%) were extracted with slope tool. There is an increase of more than 95% in the number of pivots and irrigated area between the years 2000 and 2016. The central pivots are more concentrated in the central region of the Red and Red-Light basins. The highest concentration of central pivots occurred in the municipality of Jussara. The pivots are located predominantly in an Oxisol area with a slope of 3 to 13%.
Modeling the Growth of Sudangrass Cultivars at Sowing Times
Authors: Pezzini Rafael Vieira , Filho Alberto Cargnelutti , Carini Fernanda , Bandeira Cirineu Tolfo , Kleinpaul Jéssica Andiara , Silveira Daniela Lixinski
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to fit the Gompertz and Logistic growth models to evaluate the description of fresh and dry masses of shoot as a function of accumulated thermal sum and accumulated solar radiation, to compare the fittings, and to indicate which one best describes the growth of two sudangrass cultivars at four sowing times. Eight uniformity trials were conducted with the sudangrass crop. Five plants were collected from each trial for weighing of fresh and dry shoot masses. These evaluations were carried out three times a week starting from 15 days after plant emergence. The Gompertz and Logistic models were fitted to the masses as a function of accumulated thermal sum and accumulated solar radiation. The parameters and their confidence intervals were estimated. The points of maximum acceleration, inflection, maximum deceleration and asymptotic deceleration, and fit quality indicators were calculated. The intrinsic nonlinearity and the parameter-effects nonlinearity were quantified. The independent variables accumulated thermal sum and accumulated solar radiation can be used to fit the models. Both models satisfactorily describe the growth of fresh and dry shoot masses of cultivars BRS Estribo and CG Farrapo. The Logistic model is more accurate.