bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Youth Agency in Peacebuilding
Authors: Anaya Jiménez Lani , Robinson Matthew Ryan
Published: January 2023

More than 600 million young people today live in economically and environmentally fragile contexts. Scholarly literature on the interconnections between these young people and religion has often portrayed them as prone to radicalization and drawn to violent extremism. Such framings, however, render invisible their potential as agents for positive change. In this article, we take a step back to consider more basic questions about the socio‐political significance of youth leadership in (inter)religious contexts for the cultivation of peace. In particular, we focus on youth, religion, and religious representations of insider and outsider “others.” In this article, we report on the youth‐focused programme Enemy, Stranger, Neighbor, Friend, aiming to contribute to understanding the complexities that youth working in conflict prevention, informal peace education, and interreligious work face and the contributions they can make.
Islam and Healing from Trauma in the Azeri Region of Iran
Authors: Nazari Mahmoud
Published: January 2023

Throughout their lives, people face many events – large and small, pleasant and unpleasant – such as illness, marriage, divorce, the birth of a child, or loss of a job. These can also include the traumatic experience of the death of a family member or a loved one. Relatives and friends have a vital role to play in mourning through understanding the situation of survivors, helping them cope with trauma, relieving their sorrow, and returning them to God. Muslims, especially Iranians, have specific mourning rituals, under the influence of Islam, to console survivors in times of disappointment and loneliness. Most of these common traditional rituals are performed in groups. In the Qur'an and the narrations, many chapters refer to death and invite believers to heal the trauma of survivors and help them to trust in God. This article focuses on the Azeri regions of Iran to introduce the traditional practices of Iranian Muslims and explain how they help support and heal survivors and mourners after the death of a loved one.
Debt structure, economic stimulus and firm investment efficiency
Authors: Han Miao , Huang Wei , Shen Yun
Published: January 2023

We demonstrate that, in China, firm investment efficiency gains are associated with the use of short‐term debt, especially its trade credit component. During the 2009–2010 economic stimulus plan, such effects were heightened and generally remained persistent in the 2011–2013 poststimulus period. Our findings support the view that the rollover pressure of short‐maturity debt and the information advantage of supply chain financing are both effective mechanisms for enhancing firm governance in an environment more susceptible to financial market incompleteness. Consequently, the enormous credit boost during the stimulus plan was more efficiently invested when channelled through firms' supply chains.
Repeated elevational clines of early life‐history traits and their proximate mechanisms in brown trout
Authors: Takatsu Kunio , Brodersen Jakob
Published: January 2023

Climate warming imposes a severe threat to freshwater ecosystems, which are dominated by ectotherms such as fish and aquatic insects. To better predict the effects of climate warming on thermally sensitive ecosystems, information on how temperature affects individual traits within populations is fundamental.

Patterns of intraspecific variation in thermal reaction norms along geographic thermal gradients provide valuable information. Immediate temperature effects on individual traits can be inferred from the shape of the thermal reaction norm. The way that temperature and associated environmental conditions (to which populations have been exposed over generations) affect individual traits through transgenerational plasticity in, and/or natural selection on, these traits can also be inferred from patterns of trait variation along a geographic thermal gradient.

Many studies have documented patterns of intraspecific variation in thermal reaction norms along geographic thermal gradients. However, most previous studies cannot exclude the possibility that the observed geographic patterns are solely explained by random processes, such as isolation by distance, due to the lack of replication of geographic gradients. Here, we show consistent patterns in intraspecific trait variation along geographic thermal gradients using Salmo trutta (brown trout), which is an ecologically and economically important fish in alpine streams.

We kept trout embryos collected from 52 families from 14 populations along wide and replicated elevational gradients from three Alpine drainages (Danube, Po, and Rhine) in two temperature treatments (3.2 and 6.2°C). Timing and body size at emergence from the nest, which are key early life‐history traits of trout affecting their early growth and survival, were measured.

Besides faster embryonic development at warmer temperatures, we found that offspring from low‐elevation parents took very slightly longer to reach emergence from fertilisation and were larger than offspring from high‐elevation parents. Importantly, this was evident for all three drainages. Further analyses found that the longer duration until‐ and larger body length at‐ emergence of low‐elevation trout were mainly due to the larger eggs laid by low‐elevation females, which had larger body size than high‐elevation females.

Trout female body size, which is positively correlated with egg size, is susceptible to temperatures and associated environmental conditions. Consequently, climate warming may not only immediately accelerate development rate but also shift timing and size at emergence through egg size‐mediated maternal effects within a relatively short time scale.
The climatic drivers of long‐term population changes in rainforest montane birds
Authors: de la Fuente Alejandro , Navarro Alejandro , Williams Stephen E.
Published: January 2023

Climate‐driven biodiversity erosion is escalating at an alarming rate. The pressure imposed by climate change is exceptionally high in tropical ecosystems, where species adapted to narrow environmental ranges exhibit strong physiological constraints. Despite the observed detrimental effect of climate change on ecosystems at a global scale, our understanding of the extent to which multiple climatic drivers affect population dynamics is limited. Here, we disentangle the impact of different climatic stressors on 47 rainforest birds inhabiting the mountains of the Australian Wet Tropics using hierarchical population models. We estimate the effect of spatiotemporal changes in temperature, precipitation, heatwaves, droughts and cyclones on the population dynamics of rainforest birds between 2000 and 2016. We find a strong effect of warming and changes in rainfall patterns across the elevational‐segregated bird communities, with lowland populations benefiting from increasing temperature and precipitation, while upland species show an inverse strong negative response to the same drivers. Additionally, we find a negative effect of heatwaves on lowland populations, a pattern associated with the observed distribution of these extreme events across elevations. In contrast, cyclones and droughts have a marginal effect on spatiotemporal changes in rainforest bird communities, suggesting a species‐specific response unrelated to the elevational gradient. This study demonstrated the importance of unravelling the drivers of climate change impacts on population changes, providing significant insight into the mechanisms accelerating climate‐induced biodiversity degradation.
Study on gas trapping during precision glass molding of microlens array in a nitrogen atmosphere
Authors: Zhou Tianfeng , Zeng Zihao , Yu Qian , Zhou Jia , Liu Peng , Wang Xibin
Published: January 2023

Microlens arrays will suffer from filling defects due to trapped gas when molded in a nitrogen atmosphere by precision glass molding (PGM). In this paper, a multistep molding method is proposed to avoid gas trapping and improve the accuracy of a microlens array. The defect formation mechanism of the microlens array caused by the trapped gas is investigated, and the effect of the molding pressure on the defect formation is analyzed. A numerical model of the mold‐nitrogen‐glass interface at high temperature is established to evaluate the defect evolution, and the minimum number of PGM steps required to greatly reduce defects caused by the trapped gas is predicted. The numerical model is validated by a multistep PGM experiment of D‐K59 glass material. The results show that a three‐step PGM process significantly reduced the height of the defect. The difference between the height of the microlens unit and the depth of the mold is less than 0.4%. The molded microlens array has a peak‐to‐valley value of 0.38 μm and a surface roughness Ra of 3.5 nm. This work is instructive for the fabrication of high‐precision glass microlens arrays.
Antioxidant, and physical properties of chitosan/gelatin composite film incorporated with Caulerpa lentillifera extract for pork preservation
Authors: Zhang Chuanli , Wang Jiang , Du Huiying , Han Xintong , Li Changjiu , Huang Danni , Yu Xiaolong
Published: January 2023

The effects of Caulerpa lentillifera (CL) extract incorporation on antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, water stability, and physical properties of the chitosan/gelatin (CS/GEL) films were studied. The CL extract containing CS/GEL composite film was prepared by the casting method. The effect of CL content (1%, 3%, 5%) on the antioxidant properties, thermal property, mechanical properties, barrier properties, water stability and water contact angle of CS/GEL films was evaluated. With the increase of CL extract content, bumps and micro‐pores appeared on the surface and cross‐section of the composite films. The water contact angle, water solubility, and water absorption swelling rate of the composite films were improved with the addition of CL; therefore, the composite films exhibited better water stability. The TS of films were enhanced (from 12.57 to 23.66 MPa). Compared with the normal CS/GEL films, the CS/GEL‐CL films exhibited better antioxidant with DPPH scavenging capacity values of 72.6% and could effectively slow down the lipid oxidation of refrigerated pork samples during storage, such as lower accumulation of free fatty acid content and fluorescence compound formation. This suggested that CS/GEL‐CL film might be suitable as active films for food packaging.
Staff perceptions following a training programme about reducing psychotropic medication use in adults with intellectual disability: The need for a realistic professional practice framework
Authors: Barratt Macey , Jorgensen Mikaela , Deb Shoumitro (Shoumi) , Limbu Bharati , Donley Mandy , Buchholtz Moira , Smith Victoria , Wilson Nathan
Published: January 2023

Background

Adults with intellectual disability are at higher risk of being administered psychotropic medications. The UK‐developed SPECTROM (Short‐term PsychoEducation for Carers To Reduce Over Medication of people with intellectual disabilities) training programme educates disability support workers on psychotropic medications and alternatives to these medications.

Method

Interviews were conducted with 10 participants who took part in the pilot SPECTROM training programme to elicit their views on the programme and its appropriateness in an Australian context.

Results

The key theme was ‘Need for a psychotropic medication practice framework’. Four sub‐themes were Broad satisfaction with the SPECTROM training programme; Disability support workers acknowledging the limitations of their scope of practice; Empowering training through prescriptive and reflective methods and; Need for future mentoring from Multi‐Disciplinary Team members in the application of new knowledge.

Conclusions

Participants felt that whilst they could improve their knowledge and attitudes surrounding psychotropic medication administration for behaviours of concern through SPECTROM training, a national practice framework is needed to execute its goals at scale.
Indole‐3‐acetic acid increases the survival of brine shrimp challenged with vibrios belonging to the Harveyi clade
Authors: Zhang Shanshan , Van Haesebroeck Jana , Yang Qian , Defoirdt Tom
Published: January 2023

Vibrios belonging to the Harveyi clade (including closely related species such as Vibrio campbellii, Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio parahaemolyticus) are important pathogens of aquatic organisms. In this study, we investigated the use of indole‐3‐acetic acid to control disease caused by Harveyi clade vibrios. Indole‐3‐acetic acid, which can be produced by various seaweeds and microalgae, was added to the rearing water of brine shrimp larvae challenged with 12 different Harveyi clade Vibrio strains. Indole‐3‐acetic acid significantly decreased the virulence of 10 of the strains without any effect on their growth. The latter is important as it will minimize the selective pressure for resistance development. The survival rate of brine shrimp larvae increased from 1.2‐fold to 4.8‐fold upon treatment with 400 μM indole‐3‐acetic acid. Additionally, indole‐3‐acetic acid significantly decreased the swimming motility in 10 of the strains and biofilm formation in eight of the strains. The mRNA levels of the pirA and pirB toxin genes were decreased to 46% and 42% by indole‐3‐acetic acid in the AHPND‐causing strain V. parahaemolyticus M0904. Hence, our data demonstrate that indole‐3‐acetic acid has the potential to be an effective virulence inhibitor to control infections in aquaculture.
Food prescription pilots: feasibility, acceptability and affordability of improving diet through menu planning and grocery delivery
Authors: Cohen Deborah A. , Estrada Erika L. , Montes Monica , Voorhees Allison C. , Inzhakova Galina , Rios Claudia , Hsieh Timothy , Tayag Justin , Castillo Amorette , Hashmi Sean
Published: January 2023

Background

Lack of adherence is a primary reason people fail to maintain a healthy diet or lose weight. Multiple environmental factors, including aggressive marketing and convenience of nutrient‐poor food, undermine people's best intentions. The aim was to assess the feasibility, acceptability and impact of food prescriptions in which participants' exposure to commercial food outlets is reduced, because the groceries are delivered with weekly menu plans and recipes.

Methods

This is a series of pre‐post pilot proof‐of‐concept studies. We recruited 37 members of Kaiser Permanente interested in improving their diet or losing weight. Weekly meal plans meeting more than 90% of recommended dietary allowances were designed to be low cost, in line with Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) allowances. Five separate pilots targeted different populations. Participants were required to provide 24‐h dietary recalls (ASA24) before and during the interventions. Weight management pilot participants had height, weight and blood pressure measured before and after 4‐week pilots and followed sustainability guidelines, limiting meat and dairy.

Results

Across pilots, the healthy eating index improved (+21.1 points; 95% CI [confidence interval] 15.9, 26.3). For the weight management pilots, most participants lost weight (average 10.3 lbs for men, 5.7 lbs for women; 95% CI −10.2, −5.4). The majority of participants liked the programme and considered it the easiest weight loss programme they ever tried.

Conclusions

These pilots suggest that meal planning and grocery delivery can be affordable and acceptable and could ultimately have a major impact on diet‐related chronic diseases. Longer‐term studies are needed to confirm how long compliance will endure.
Low serum creatinine, a surrogate marker of muscle mass, correlates with insulin sensitivity in nonhuman primates
Authors: Chaudhari Uddhav K. , Hansen Barbara C.
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Decreased serum creatinine levels are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in humans, however, its association with muscle mass and insulin sensitivity have not been studied in NHPs.

Methods

Retrospective data of 229 adult NHPs were studied for association of serum creatinine levels with muscle mass and onset of T2DM.

Results

Serum creatinine levels were positively correlated with lean muscle mass in nondiabetic (non‐DM), male and female NHPs. Aged NHPs had significantly reduced lean muscle mass and corresponding creatinine levels compared to young age groups (p < .001). Creatinine was positively correlated with insulin sensitivity in nonDM male NHPs and significant decrease in creatinine was observed in T2DM (p < .001) compared to same age group nonDM NHPs.

Conclusions

The pathophysiology of T2DM in NHPs is similar to humans, low creatinine further provides utility of surrogate biomarkers of lower muscle mass and risk factor for T2DM NHPs.
Influence of body image on quality of life in breast cancer patients undergoing breast reconstruction: Mediating of self‐esteem
Authors: Jang Yunhee , Seong Mihyeon , Sok Sohyune
Published: January 2023

Background

Breast cancer is considered as a major health problem for women, and the prevalence is increasing over the world. Research to improve their quality of life is necessary.

Purpose

This study was to examine the body image and self‐esteem of breast cancer patients who underwent breast reconstruction in order to determine whether these affect their quality of life.

Methods

A cross‐sectional descriptive design was employed. This study was conducted on 140 patients who underwent breast reconstruction following breast cancer surgery at S University Hospital in Gyeonggi‐do, South Korea. Measures were the general characteristics list, body image scale, self‐esteem scale, and the Korean version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Breast Cancer Version 4 for quality of life. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, linear regression, and process macro bootstrapping for mediation effect. Data were collected from October 2020 to March 2021.

Results

The path regression coefficient was 1.59 (p < .001), and the direct effect of body image on the quality of life was 1.34 (p < .001) considering the effect of self‐esteem, which is a parameter. This confirmed that self‐esteem mediates body image and quality of life. The explanatory power of self‐esteem for quality of life was 54%.

Conclusion

This study suggests that body image and self‐esteem are important factors in the quality of life of breast cancer patients who underwent breast reconstruction. Also, the self‐esteem has a mediating effect in the relationship between body image and quality of life.

Relevance to clinical practice

In clinical practice, nurses should focus on the body image and self‐esteem of breast cancer patients who have undergone breast reconstruction in order to improve their quality of life.

Patient or public contribution

This cross‐sectional descriptive design study was conducted on patients who underwent breast reconstruction following breast cancer surgery at hospital in South Korea.
SCOTUS in the time of COVID: The evolution of justice dynamics during Oral arguments
Authors: Ringsmuth Eve M. , Sag Matthew , Johnson Timothy R. , Jacobi Tonja
Published: January 2023

We assess changes in oral arguments at the US Supreme Court precipitated by the COVID‐19 pandemic and the degree to which those changes persisted once the justices acclimated to the new procedures. To do this, we examine whether key attributes of these proceedings changed as the Court experimented with telephonic hearings and subsequently returned to in‐person oral arguments. We demonstrate that the initial telephonic forum changed the dynamics of oral argument in a way that gave the chief justice new power and reconfigured justices' engagement during these proceedings. However, we also show that the associate justices adapted to this new institutional landscape by changing their behavior. The findings shed light on the consequences of significant, novel disruptions to institutional rules and norms in the government and legal system.
Relative importance of students’ expectancy–value beliefs as predictors of academic success in gateway math courses
Authors: Benden Daria K. , Lauermann Fani
Published: January 2023

Math‐intensive fields in postsecondary education, such as physics and math, often struggle with high student dropout rates. Motivational declines after the transition to postsecondary education are a key factor underlying students’ achievement difficulties and decisions to leave these fields. A better understanding of which motivational factors play a particularly central role in predicting achievement difficulties and dropout decisions is needed to inform potential interventions. Thus, drawing on Eccles’ expectancy–value theory, we examined changes in the relative importance of students’ expected success and different task values as unique or joint predictors of students’ academic success and course dropout across three time points within a semester. Data were collected in gatekeeper math courses for physics and math majors (N= 811). Commonality analyses showed an increasing overlap in the predictive effects of students’ expectancies and values on later academic outcomes, which indicates convergence in these motivational beliefs, as they likely influence each other over time. A significant shift in the relative importance of students’ expectancies and values occurred after the transition to postsecondary education, highlighting a sensitive time point for interventions. Pre‐existing achievement, socioeconomic, and gender differences lost some of their unique predictive power toward the midpoint of the semester.
Usage of phosphoric acid plant's circulate pond waters in struvite precipitation—Effect of conditions
Authors: Tuomikoski Sari , Sauvola Emilia , Riponiemi Marko , Lassi Ulla , Pesonen Janne
Published: January 2023

Struvite is a suitable fertilizer, and electrochemical precipitation of nutrients from industrial waters provides one answer to the circular economy. Molar ratio between ammonium and phosphate is crucial: Water suitable for the precipitation includes more or at least the same amount ammonium than phosphate. That kind of water typically does not exist in industry. Therefore, ammonium‐rich industrial water was mixed with phosphorus‐rich water to obtain a suitable molar ratio for struvite precipitation. Parameters were studied to determine their effect on removal‐% and struvite yield. 100% struvite yield was obtained under several conditions even without pH control with pH 7–9. The highest phosphate removal (99.7%) was occurred with the molar ratio 1.7:2:1 for Mg:NH4:PO4 (pH 9.0). Waters dilution prevents magnesium anode corrosion. Formed struvite has potential as recycled fertilizer due to low bioavailability of metals and high leachability of nutrients studied by four‐stage sequential leaching.
VIX to S&P 500 Correlation Over the Weekend: Are Market Makers Using S&P 500 Weekend Returns to Price VIX on Monday Morning?
Authors: Lin Wan Jia
Published: January 2023

This paper studied the correlation between the S&P 500 ETF (SPY) weekend returns and the VIX changes. Two distinct patterns are found: (1) VIX is dropping intraday and rising overnight; (2) a negative SPY weekend return correlates with VIX weekend change. We found the negative correlation is statistically significant (P=0.000). This proves that option market makers are using SPY Friday overnight returns to adjust the implied volatility the next morning. This may lead to a profitable options model that sells high IV options closing on Friday and buys them back next Monday, especially before the earnings announcement.
The Distribution of Income among U.S. Self-Employed Farm Households: A Close Look Before and During COVID-19’s Recession
Authors: El-Osta Hisham S.
Published: January 2023

This paper examines the distribution of ‘money’ income of self-employed farm households in the U.S. using multiple inequality measures and multi-year data from Current Population Survey. Special emphasis is given to 2016 and 2020, which portray total household income before and during the onset of the COVID-19’s recession. The two selected years, respectively, characterize low and high farm income years, with their likely divergent impact on the well-being of self-employed farm households. Using the Gini index measure of inequality, findings show that money income was just as unequally distributed in 2020, the year of the COVID-19’s recession, as in 2016. Adopted decomposition method of the Gini index showed income from off-farm wages and/or salaries, in comparison to the other components of total income, with the strongest equalizing marginal impact on the overall distribution of money income in 2016 and with a much lesser impact in 2020. Considering that off-farm income from wages and/or salaries is the dominant income source of self-employed farm households, macroeconomic factors are likely to continue to influence the distribution of income among self-employed farm households.
The Idiosyncratic Volatility in Euro Zone Firms: Evolution, Cross-Sectional Relation with Returns
Authors: SOLIMAN Ahmed K.F. , SAOUT Erwan LE
Published: January 2023

This paper discusses the behaviour of the time series and the pricing of the idiosyncratic risk in 10 Eurozone economies from January 2000 to June 2018. We identify as well factors upon which depend the idiosyncratic risk premium. Our results show evidence of a common component within these countries’ aggregate idiosyncratic volatilities. Using Fama and MacBeth cross-sectional regressions, we observe a positive relationship between the idiosyncratic volatility and expected stock returns denying the idiosyncratic risk puzzle found by Ang et al. (2006). By performing Pooled OLS and radomn effects models, the results indicate that under-diversification proxies have a significant impact on the idiosyncratic risk premium.
Análisis comparativo del aseguramiento de los informes de sostenibilidad en Argentina
Authors: Palacios Clide , Coppa Carlos Rafael , Palazesi Luciano , Ruiz Luciana Inés
Published: January 2023

Este trabajo presenta un estudio sobre el aseguramiento de informes de sostenibilidad emitidos por organizaciones que operan en Argentina. Sobre una muestra de 383 informes obtenidos de la base de datos de la Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), se analizó comparativamente la tendencia a verificar externamente dichos informes, las características corporativas de las organizaciones que deciden asegurar, el perfil de los aseguradores y las normas empleadas en el aseguramiento. Si bien existe una leve tendencia creciente a verificar los informes de sostenibilidad, aun es reducido el número de informes asegurados. Según el sector de actividad, entre las organizaciones que contratan el aseguramiento, se destaca el grupo de servicios a organizaciones profesionales y otras sin fines de lucro. El estudio de los informes de aseguramiento revela que las firmas de auditoría predominan en la provisión del aseguramiento y que los profesionales, contadores públicos, resultan ser los firmantes casi exclusivos de los informes de verificación. Al mismo tiempo, se observa que existe uniformidad en el empleo de normas para realizar el aseguramiento de los informes emitidos lo cual resulta positivo en lo que a calidad y utilidad de la información revelada se refiere.
Análise das situações eticamente inadequadas percebidas pelos docentes de Contabilidade na publicação de suas pesquisas no Brasil
Authors: Antonelli Ricardo Adriano , Portulhak Henrique , Clemente Ademir , Aparecido Bezerra Cícero
Published: January 2023

Este artigo tem por objetivo efetuar uma análise estatística aprofundada dos dados utilizados em Clemente et al. (2018), com o objetivo de avaliar as relações entre as variáveis representativas da percepção de docentes dos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu quanto aos aspectos éticos envolvidos no seu relacionamento com os periódicos científicos de Contabilidade do Brasil. Os resultados indicam uma evidente assimetria de informação entre os agentes envolvidos no processo de submissão, avaliação e publicação de artigos científicos de Contabilidade, em que se destaca o papel do editor, que pode exercer ampla discricionariedade sem ferir as normas legais e os ditames morais. Os testes de Chi-quadrado e a análise de correspondência múltipla realizada segundo variáveis relacionadas ao aceite e à rejeição evidenciam certos padrões indicativos de falta de comunicação e de transparência em todo o processo a partir da submissão, envolvendo avaliação e decisão final. As deficiências organizacionais dos periódicos constituiriam a explicação imediata para a opacidade dos periódicos, mas é preciso considerar que a discricionariedade dos editores resulta significativamente ampliada pela mencionada opacidade, afastando a garantia de que os melhores trabalhos estejam sendo publicados.
Interpretando las prácticas de valoración de activos financieros en las PYMES bogotanas
Authors: Acevedo-Alonso Jony Alexander , Gutiérrez-Montoya Diana
Published: January 2023

Este artículo resultado de investigación responde la siguiente pregunta: ¿de qué manera los IFRS para pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMES) han transformado las prácticas contables de los contadores públicos sobre reconocimiento, valoración y medición de activos financieros para las PYMES en Bogotá, Colombia? Para ello, se asume la perspectiva teórica de la financiarización para comprender el cambio en el modelo contable. La metodología es de carácter cualitativa, pues se realiza estudio de caso a partir de 352 encuestas. Los hallazgos dan cuenta que existen dicotomías en los criterios de valoración, falta de cualificación profesional y una afinidad de los profesionales con el proceso de internacionalización. El texto aporta al campo de estudio contextuales y organizacionales sobre la práctica contable.
Cartillas de malicia: esgrima con machete y sus registros de la práctica estética y pedagógica
Authors: Muñoz Aguilera Jhonny Alexander
Published: January 2023

El artículo analiza y compara registros escritos que maestros campesinos afrodescendientes, especialmente del Cauca, realizan en el proceso de enseñanza de la grima o esgrima con machete y bordón. Por un lado, registros en papel que tradicionalmente son utilizados en esta práctica y que otorgan al tenedor el reconocimiento de maestro del arte. Por otro, anotaciones en la tierra utilizadas por el maestro Ananías Caniquí como parte de su método de entrenamiento. Considerados en su valor estético, técnico, histórico y filosófico, estos registros dan cuenta de agudas codificaciones de movimientos corporales, formas de ataque y defensa, así como de la complejidad del proceso de transmisión de la grima y los estrictos acuerdos éticos entre profesor y alumno. Este trabajo está basado en un trabajo etnográfico que acompaña los entrenamientos y las labores de difusión de varias comunidades del Cauca, así como en un estudio de varios documentos disponibles sobre el tema.
Primer Salón Anual de Artistas Colombianos: ¿arte para el pueblo, arte con el pueblo o arte sobre el pueblo?
Authors: Bernal Cortés Ana María , Honorato da Silva Cayo Vinicius
Published: January 2023

Este artículo pretende cuestionar el rol del pueblo en el marco de la primera versión institucionalizada del Salón Anual de Artistas Colombianos en 1940. Se plantea la exploración de la tensión entre la exposición pública y la participación concreta del pueblo, desde la interferencia de la política cultural del momento y la observación de las distintas esferas que conformaron la exposición, entre estas, el espacio, los artistas, las obras aceptadas, las opiniones en prensa y la asistencia. Procura observar este fenómeno desde el enfoque de la museología crítica como ejercicio teórico y reflexivo que permite poner en cuestión la ejecución de este suceso de carácter expositivo en relación con su contexto, su misión (inicial) y sus públicos, y así aportar una nueva perspectiva en la comprensión de este programa estudiado ampliamente por la historia del arte en Colombia. El interés es eviden- ciar sí la misión otorgada a este evento por Jorge Eliécer Gaitán como ministro de Educación (donde el pueblo asumiría no solo la función de receptor, sino de “juez” del evento) se concretó o si su incidencia se ubicó únicamente desde el espacio retórico de una política de democratización cultural, que, en apariencia, fue de avanzada para la época.
Educación contable y reformas curriculares: una propuesta desde la internacionalización en casa
Authors: Bolaño Tarrá Jimmy , Pons y García Jorge
Published: January 2023

Los procesos de internacionalización en la educación superior comprenden una variedad de complejos compromisos institucionales a cargo de las universidades. Ante esto, la Internacionalización en Casa (IeC) surge como mecanismo alternativo para aquellas instituciones que inician procesos de implementación de este fenómeno, pues dentro de sus posibilidades está la inclusión de contenidos globales en los currículos de los programas que ofertan. Tal es el caso del programa de Contaduría de la Universidad del Magdalena, el cual ofrece un plan de estudios cuyo eje de profesionalización presenta un potencial de reforma bajo los estándares de educación contable (IES, por sus siglas en inglés) de la Federación Internacional de Contadores (IFAC, por sus siglas en inglés). Para establecer dicha posibilidad, se hizo un recorrido conceptual previo en virtud de las labores de una investigación doctoral, desde la cual se propone que esta institución inicie una evaluación curricular con miras a adaptar los contenidos de los IES de IFAC, considerados como las mejores prácticas de enseñanza contable a nivel mundial. Esto resulta posible, pues los procesos curriculares, sean estos de formulación, evaluación o reforma, constituyen momentos institucionales propicios para replantear el norte pedagógico de los procesos formativos que estas llevan a cabo al interior de sus aulas.
The Effects of Favorable and Unfavorable Geometric Perturbations on the Response of Pressure-Loaded Hemispherical Shells
Authors: D’Mello Royan J. , Waas Anthony M.
Published: January 2023

Hemispherical shells subjected to external pressure loading are known to be sensitive to geometric imperfections. Dimple imperfections and their effects on the buckling and postbuckling response of spherical and hemispherical shells under externally applied pressure loads have been widely studied. The studies have shown that dimple imperfections are unfavorable, and their presence leads to a drastic lowering of buckling pressure, the severity being dependent on the radius-to-wall thickness ratio of the shell. Motivated by a plenary lecture presented by Hutchinson, we have conducted equilibrium analysis through finite element computations of externally pressurized hemispherical shells to understand if we can intentionally design shells with initial geometric perturbations that are favorable to resisting external pressure. We have studied dimple imperfections that can either increase or decrease the local curvature. We show that outward pointing dimples outperform inward-pointing dimples in such a structure and hence can be viewed as being favorable with regards to shell buckling under external pressure. With advances in precision manufacturing, the results presented here serve as a guide to designing shells with intentional perturbations to the initial shell geometry that can lead to favorable outcomes.
Synthesis of Proton Conducting and Highly Stable PWA-ZRP-Doped Composite Membrane for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Pandey Jay , Seepana Murali Mohan
Published: January 2023

Mechanically stable, proton-conducting, and very cost-effective nanocomposite membrane was synthesized successfully using a simple and scalable phase-inversion approach. Phosphotungstic acid (PWA) and zirconium phosphate (ZRP) were synthesized using sol–gel and co-precipitation method, respectively. PWA-ZrP nanoparticles showed remarkable compatibility with cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) (c-PVA) and thus forming uniform and defect-free composite membrane of thickness ∼100–120µm. Doped PWA-ZRP nanoparticles into c-PVA membrane led to introduced bronsted acidic sites, and thereby, drastic improvement in proton conductivity of membrane was observed. Composite membrane revealed excellent water-holding capabilities with proton conductivity of 5.2 × 10−5 Scm−1 under fully hydrated conditions (i.e., 98% relative humidity). The synthesized proton-conducting nanocomposite membrane was demonstrated as a potential advanced functional solid electrolyte for possible application in proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Whistling in the clavichord
Authors: Jiolat Jean-Théo , Le Carrou Jean-Loic , d'Alessandro Christophe
Published: January 2023

Sympathetic string vibration plays an essential role in the clavichord's sound quality and tonal identity. Sympathetic vibration comes from the undamped string segments between the bridge and tuning pins. Under some conditions, a specific note, a whistling tone, stands out of the reverberation halo due to sympathetic vibration. It is hypothesized that this whistling tone comes from resonance between played and sympathetic segments of strings that are coupled through the bridge. Vibratory measurements for three pairs of excited and sympathetic strings are conducted on a copy of a historical instrument built by Hubert in 1784. The influences of bridge mobility and tuning on sympathetic string frequency and damping are studied. The results show a significant increase in vibratory amplitude, frequency veering, and damping increase in the string segments when tuning approaches frequency coincidence. Numerical simulations of a reduced clavichord model corresponding to the experiments are conducted using the modal Udwadia–Kalaba formulation. Simulation gives a more accurate picture of the veering phenomenon. Simulation and experimental results are in good agreement, showing that whistling in the clavichord comes from string resonance. It is favored by frequency coincidence between excited and sympathetic string segments and by higher bridge mobility.
Neuromechanical Consequences of Eccentric Load Reduction During the Performance of Weighted Jump Squats
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhang Liang , Yan Bing , Girard Olivier
Published: January 2023

Purpose: To quantify the acute effects of a spectrum of eccentric load reductions on neuromechanical adjustments during the performance of weighted jump squats (WJSs). Methods: On separate days, 16 well-trained participants performed WJS trials with various eccentric load reductions (0% [body mass only], 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% [standard WJS] of concentric load) with a mechanical braking unit, while concentric load was set at 30% of peak isometric squat force in all trials. A force platform and a motion-capture system were used to assess neuromuscular performance. Results: Peak power output was 6.2% (4.7%) higher when load was reduced by 50% versus 0% (55.4 [7.8] vs 51.9 [7.6] W/kg; P = .001). Compared with no braking (0.326 [0.059] m), jump height was ∼13% to 17% higher for all eccentric load reduction conditions (all P < .001). Vertical ground reaction forces were progressively lower for 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% loading conditions (–22.1% [14.6%], –32.3% [10.8%], –42.0% [13.2%], and –46.1% [14.7%]; all P ≤ .001) in reference to body mass only. Conclusion: Eccentric load reduction is advantageous compared with traditional isoinertial loading for improving both jump height and peak power output during the concentric portion of maximal-effort WJS. This practice also decreases mechanical constraints in the lower extremities, which may become beneficial for load-compromised individuals.
Older Adults’ Self-Reported Physical Activity and Distance to and Land Use Around Reported Physical Exercise Destinations
Authors: Tuomola Essi-Mari , Keskinen Kirsi E. , Hinrichs Timo , Rantanen Taina , Portegijs Erja
Published: January 2023

Little is known about older adults’ physical exercise destinations. We studied associations between physical activity (PA) level and physical exercise destinations (total number and surrounding environment) in community-dwelling 75- to 85-year-old adults living in Central Finland. Participants (N = 901) reported the amount of at least moderate-intensity PA and physical exercise destinations. Distance from home, land use, and locations of sport facilities were defined using a geographic information system. A general linear model showed that older adults with higher PA reported higher numbers of physical exercise destinations and destinations further away from home than those reporting lower PA. Binary logistic regression showed that higher PA increased the odds of reporting a distant destination identified as a sports facility and of reporting destinations located in residential, service, forest, and water body areas, respectively. Physical exercise destinations in different environments may attract older people to go out and be more physically active.
Validity of the Modified SIT-Q 7d for Estimating Sedentary Break Frequency and Duration in Home-Based Office Workers During the COVID-19 Global Pandemic: A Secondary Analysis
Authors: Dillon-Rossiter Kirsten , Hiemstra Madison , Bartmann Nina , Sui Wuyou , Mitchell Marc , Rollo Scott , Gardiner Paul A. , Prapavessis Harry
Published: January 2023

Office workers who transitioned to working from home are spending an even higher percentage of their workday sitting compared with being “in-office” and this is an emerging health concern. With many office workers continuing to work from home since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is imperative to have a validated self-report questionnaire to assess sedentary behavior, break frequency, and duration, to reduce the cost and burden of using device-based assessments. This secondary analysis study aimed to validate the modified Last 7-Day Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SIT-Q 7d) against an activPAL4™ device in full-time home-based “office” workers (n = 148; mean age = 44.90). Participants completed the modified SIT-Q 7d and wore an activPAL4 for a full work week. The findings showed that the modified SIT-Q 7d had low (ρ = .35–.37) and weak (ρ = .27–.28) criterion validity for accurate estimates of break frequency and break duration, respectively. The 95% limits of agreement were large for break frequency (26.85–29.01) and medium for break duration (5.81–8.47), indicating that the modified SIT-Q 7d may not be appropriate for measuring occupational sedentary behavior patterns at the individual level. Further validation is still required before confidently recommending this self-report questionnaire to be used among this population to assess breaks in sedentary time.
Radical polymeric p-doping and grain modulation for stable, efficient perovskite solar modules
Authors: You Shuai , Zeng Haipeng , Liu Yuhang , Han Bing , Li Min , Li Lin , Zheng Xin , Guo Rui , Luo Long , Li Zhe , Zhang Chi , Liu Ranran , Zhao Yang , Zhang Shujing , Peng Qi , Wang Ti , Chen Qi , Eickemeyer Felix T. , Carlsen Brian , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Mai Liqiang , Rong Yaoguang , Grätzel Michael , Li Xiong
Published: January 2023

High-quality perovskite light harvesters and robust organic hole extraction layers are essential for achieving high-performing perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We introduce a phosphonic acid–functionalized fullerene derivative in mixed-cation perovskites as a grain boundary modulator to consolidate the crystal structure, which enhances the tolerance of the film against illumination, heat, and moisture. We also developed a redox-active radical polymer, poly(oxoammonium salt), that can effectively p-dope the hole-transporting material by hole injection and that also mitigates lithium ion diffusion. Power conversion efficiencies of 23.5% for 1-square-centimeter mixed–cation-anion PSCs and 21.4% for 17.1-square-centimeter minimodules were achieved. The PSCs retained 95.5% of their initial efficiencies after 3265 hours at maximum power point tracking under continuous 1-sun illumination at 70° ± 5°C.
A 3D extra-large-pore zeolite enabled by 1D-to-3D topotactic condensation of a chain silicate
Authors: Li Jian , Gao Zihao Rei , Lin Qing-Fang , Liu Chenxu , Gao Fangxin , Lin Cong , Zhang Siyao , Deng Hua , Mayoral Alvaro , Fan Wei , Luo Song , Chen Xiaobo , He Hong , Camblor Miguel A. , Chen Fei-Jian , Yu Jihong
Published: January 2023

Zeolites are microporous silicates with a large variety of applications as catalysts, adsorbents, and cation exchangers. Stable silica-based zeolites with increased porosity are in demand to allow adsorption and processing of large molecules but challenge our synthetic ability. We report a new, highly stable pure silica zeolite called ZEO-3, which has a multidimensional, interconnected system of extra-large pores open through windows made by 16 and 14 silicate tetrahedra, the least dense polymorph of silica known so far. This zeolite was formed by an unprecedented one-dimensional to three-dimensional (1D-to-3D) topotactic condensation of a chain silicate. With a specific surface area of more than 1000 square meters per gram, ZEO-3 showed a high performance for volatile organic compound abatement and recovery compared with other zeolites and metal-organic frameworks.
Making modern science
How the Victorians Took Us to the Moon
Iwan Rhys Morus
Pegasus, 2022. 400 pp.
Authors: Lightman Bernard
Published: January 2023

Victorian values permeate contemporary scientific culture, maintains a historian
Germline study points to sarcoma pathways
Authors: Mandelker Diana , Ladanyi Marc
Published: January 2023

Pathogenic variants related to mitosis and telomere integrity are enriched in sarcoma patients
In Other Journals
Authors: Stern Peter , Ray L. Bryan , Funk Michael A. , Uzogara Ekeoma , Smith Keith T. , Alderton Gemma , Yeston Jake
Published: January 2023

Editors’ selections from the current scientific literature
Stem cell factors reverse signs of aging in mice
Authors: Offord Catherine
Published: January 2023

Will reprogramming technique one day help people?
FAQ: Microbes Make the Cheese
Authors:   American Society for Microbiology
Published: January 2023

Cheese, a traditional food incorporated into many cuisines, is used as an ingredient in cooking or consumed directly as an appetizer or dessert, often with wine or other suitable beverages. Great numbers of cheese varieties are produced, reflecting in part the versatility of the microorganisms used in cheese-making that this FAQ report will describe. Cheese is one of the few foods we eat that contains extraordinarily high numbers of living, metabolizing microbes, leading some participants to say, “Cheese is alive!” The broad groups of cheese-making microbes include many varieties of bacteria, yeast, and filamentous fungi (molds). This report focuses on the microbiology of “natural” cheeses, those made directly from milk, including hard and soft varieties such as Cheddar, Mozzarella, and Camembert. Pasteurized process cheese, the other broad category of cheese, is made by blending natural cheeses with emulsifying agents, preservatives, thickeners, flavorings, and seasonings. “American cheese” is perhaps the classic example of a process cheese, notwithstanding recent examples of American artisanal cheese-making and changing tastes among consumers of those cheeses.
Simple and Rapid Site-Specific Integration of Multiple Heterologous DNAs into the Escherichia coli Chromosome
Authors: Riley Lauren A. , Payne Irenee C. , Tumen-Velasquez Melissa , Guss Adam M.
Published: January 2023

More rapid genetic tools can help accelerate strain engineering, even in advanced hosts like
Escherichia coli
. Here, we adapt a suite of site-specific recombinases to enable simple, rapid, and highly efficient site-specific integration of heterologous DNA into the chromosome.