bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proposal of C-core Type Transverse Flux Motor for Ship Propulsion – Increasing Torque Density by Dense Stator Configuration –
Authors: Yamamoto Y. , Koseki T. , Aoyama Y.
Published: June 2015

Electric ship propulsion system has been drawing attention as a solution for savings in energy and maintenance costs. The system is mainly composed of motor, converter and gearbox and required for high torque at low speed. In this situation, transverse flux motors (TFMs) have been proposed to fulfill the low-speed high-torque characteristic due to suitable for short pole pitch and large number of poles to increase torque output. In this trend, we have proposed C-core type motors taking advantage of TFMs’ structure. In this manuscript, a simple design method based on the magnetic-circuit theory and simple modeling of the motor is proposed to search a design parameter for maximizing torque as a pre-process of numerical study. The method takes into consideration the effects of magnetic leakage flux, magnetic saturation and pole-core combination in accordance with the systematic theory. The simple modeling is conducted based on a dense armature structure in previous axial flux motors (AFMs) applied to the new motor design. The validity of the method is verified by 3-D finite element analysis (FEA) and relative error is at most 20%. The minimalist design is shown to be advantageous for effective use in 3-D FEA. As a detailed design by the FEA, high torque density and low cogging to output ratio can be achieved simultaneously in the proposed machine.
Value-Based Contracting in Clinical Care
Authors: Boone Claire , Zink Anna , Wright Bill J. , Robicsek Ari
Published: August 2024

This cohort study analyzes quality incentives, requirements, and other measures in employment and payer contracts of primary care clinicians.
First mobile OTP licensed in Pennsylvania to Gaudenzia
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2024

Recently Pennsylvania's governor Josh Shapiro approved the first state‐licensed mobile unit to treat substance use disorder (SUD). Gaudenzia is the treatment provider.
Calcium‐Dependent Lipopeptide Antibiotics against Drug‐Resistant Pathogens Discovered via Host‐Dependent Heterologous Expression of a Cloned Biosynthetic Gene Cluster
Authors: Lai Hung‐En , Woolner V. Helen , Little Rory F. , Woolly Ethan F. , Keyzers Robert A. , Owen Jeremy G.
Published: August 2024

Historically, small molecules biosynthesised by bacteria have been an excellent source for antibacterial drugs. Today, however, the rediscovery of known compounds is a significant hurdle to developing new antimicrobials. Here we use a genome mining and synthetic biology approach to discover the ambocidins: calcium‐dependent lipodepsipeptides that are active against drug‐resistant Gram‐positive pathogens. By cloning a silent biosynthetic gene cluster (the amb cluster) from Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC 2387 and integrating this into the chromosome of Streptomyces avermitilis we induce expression of ambocidin A and B: two new Nϵ‐hydroxyarginine‐containing cyclic lipodepsipeptides active against drug‐resistant Gram‐positive pathogens. Using a panel of Streptomyces host strains, we show that the choice of heterologous host is critical for producing the biologically active compounds, and that inappropriate host choice leads to aberrant production inactive derivatives. We show that Nϵ‐hydroxyarginine is the product of a heme‐dependent oxygenase and that it enhances biological activity. Ambocidin A inhibits cell wall biosynthesis by binding to Lipid II at a different site than vancomycin. Furthermore, unlike daptomycin, ambocidin A retains potent antimicrobial activity in the presence of lung surfactant, giving it the potential to treat bacterial pneumonia. Our work expands the family of calcium‐dependent lipopeptide antibiotics with a new member exhibiting a distinct mechanism of action.
Organic Cationic‐Coordinated Perfluoropolymer Electrolytes with Strong Li+‐Solvent Interaction for Solid State Li‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Shi , Xiao Shijun , Li Shuanghan , Liu Chao , Cai Henan , Sun Wenqing , Huang Zhen‐Dong , Lai Wen‐Yong
Published: August 2024

The practical application of solid‐state polymer lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs) is plagued by the inferior ionic conductivity of the applied polymer electrolytes (PEs), which is caused by the coupling of ion transport with the motion of polymer segments. Here, solvated molecules based on ionic liquid and lithium salt with strong Li+‐solvent interaction are inserted into an elaborately engineered perfluoropolymer electrolyte via ionic dipole interaction, extensively facilitating Li+ transport and improving mechanical properties. The intensified formation of solvation structures of contact ion pairs and ionic aggregates, as well as the strong electron‐withdrawal properties of the F atoms in perfluoropolymers, give the PE high electrochemical stability and excellent interfacial stability. As a result, Li||Li symmetric cells demonstrate a lifetime of 2500 h and an exceptionally high critical current density above 2.3 mA cm−2, Li||LiFePO4 batteries exhibit consistent cycling for 550 cycles at 10 C, and Li||uncoated LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cells achieve 1000 cycles at 0.5 C with an average Coulombic efficiency of 98.45 %, one of the best results reported to date based on PEs. Our discovery sheds fresh light on the targeted synergistic regulation of the electro‐chemo‐mechanical properties of PEs to extend the cycle life of LMBs.
Carbon Xerogel as a Novel Minor Conductive Filler for Carbon‐Polymer Composite Bipolar Plates
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Bilican Abdurrahman , Schmidt Wolfgang , Gutowski Olof , Dippel Ann‐Christin , Matschuk Kimberley , Kopietz Lukas , Weidenthaler Claudia
Published: August 2024

The current research explores the potential of carbon xerogel as a conductive filler in bipolar plates. The composites comprise graphite as the primary conductive filler and polypropylene as the binder. Carbon xerogel is introduced as a minor conductive filler, and its performance is compared with commercial carbon black. Both nanocarbons exhibit resemblances in microstructure, texture, and surface carbon chemistry. Through‐plane conductivity measurements reveal enhanced electrical conductivity upon replacing a fraction of graphite with either nanofiller. Cross‐sectional analyses of the plates employing computed tomography based on X‐ray diffraction and phase contrasts indicate that the observed electrical conductivity difference stems from reduced trapped air during production and the distribution of the minor filler particles. Given the similarities between carbon xerogel and the reference nanofiller, this study introduces the innovative concept of employing carbon xerogel as a filler for conductive bipolar plates.
Unveiling the Therapeutic Potentials of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) Flower against Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Depressive Disorders: GC‐MS/MS, In Vitro, In Vivo and In Silico Approaches
Authors: Hasnat Hasin , Riti Saima Jahan , Shompa Suriya Akter , Alam Safaet , Islam Md. Mirazul , Kabir Ferdousy , Khan Md. Salim , Shao Chuxiao , Zeng Chunlai , Wang Shuanghu , Geng Peiwu , Al Mamun Abdullah
Published: August 2024

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) is a highly invasive aquatic weed native to the Amazonia basin, known for its rapid propagation, adaptability, and utilization in traditional medicine. The study aims to unveil the therapeutic potential of water hyacinth flowers methanolic extract (EC CME) and its four kupchan fractions (EC PESF, EC DCMSF, EC EASF, EC ASF) through diversified chemical‐pharmacological approaches. GC‐MS/MS of EC‐CME uncovered a rich tapestry of 72 phytochemical components. In vitro DPPH scavenging assay and total phenolic content determination assay deciphered promising antioxidant assays with remarkably low IC50 values of 0.353 and 0.485 μg/mL, respectively for EC‐ESF and EC‐ASF. Besides, different in vivo tests, including tail emersion, acetic acid‐induced writhing, and thiopental‐induced sleeping test of EC‐CME, yielded a remarkable 8.61±0.29 min of tail immersion time compared to the control's 2.05±0.11 min at the highest dose (600 mg/kg). The best % inhibition of writhing was recorded as 47.96 % accrued in 400 mg/kg dose, indicating robust pain‐relieving properties. The onset and duration of sleep are significantly ameliorated for EC‐CME, unveiling its antidepressant potential. Besides, molecular docking studies along with ADME/T analysis also validated the wet lab findings as well as their safety, efficacy, and drug‐likeliness profile. Finally, this work can be an essential hint for utilizing aquatic weeds in drug development research.
Self‐Assembled BODIPY@Au Core‐Shell Structures for Durable Neuroprotective Phototherapy
Authors: Wu Melody Cai‐Syaun , Wei Jack Hau‐Ting , Fan Ricky Yu‐Syun , Sim Eng Zhi , Yong Ken‐Tye , Gong Tianxun , Kong Kien Voon
Published: August 2024

BODIPY analogs are promising photosensitizers for molecular phototherapy; however, they exhibit high dark cytotoxicity and limited singlet oxygen generation capacity. In this study, we developed self‐assembled core‐shell nanophotosensitizers by linking a bipyridine group to BODIPY (Bpy‐BODIPY) and promoting J‐aggregation on gold nanourchins. This design enhances photostability and reduces the energy gap between the lowest singlet excited state and the lower triplet state, facilitating efficient singlet oxygen production. We characterized these nanophotosensitizers using UV‐visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), which confirmed the formation of the desired core‐shell structure and J‐aggregates. Notably, Bpy‐BODIPY@Au significantly suppresses tau protein aggregation and enhances neuroprotective action, even in the presence of a phosphatase inhibitor. This work broadens the application of BODIPY chemistry to nanoagents for neuroprotective therapy.
Interfacial chemistry and structural engineering modified carbon fibers for stable sodium metal anodes
Authors: Chu Chenxiao , Wang Chunting , Meng Weisong , Cai Feipeng , Wang Bo , Wang Nana , Yang Jian , Bai Zhongchao
Published: August 2024

Sodium (Na) metal stands out as a highly promising anode material for high‐energy‐density Na batteries owing to its abundant resources and exceptional theoretical capacity at low redox potential. Nevertheless, the uncontrolled growth of Na dendrites and the accompanying volumetric changes during the plating/stripping process lead to safety concerns and poor electrochemical performances. This study introduces nitrogen and oxygen co‐doped carbon nanofiber networks wrapped carbon felt (NO‐CNCF), serving as Na deposition skeletons to facilitate a highly reversible Na metal anode. The NO‐CNCF framework with uniformly distributed “sodiophilic” functional groups, nanonetwork protuberances, and cross‐linked network scaffold structure can avoid charge accumulation and facilitate the dendrite‐free Na deposition. Benefiting from these features, the NO‐CNCF@Na symmetrical cells demonstrate notable enhancements in cycling stability, achieving 4000 h cycles at 1 mA cm−2 for 1 mAh cm−2 and 2400 h cycles at 2 mA cm−2 for 2 mAh cm−2 with voltage overpotential of approximately 6 and 10 mV, respectively. Furthermore, the NVP//NO‐CNCF@Na full cells achieve stable cycling performance and favorable rate capability. This investigation offers novel insights into fabricating a “sodiophilic” matrix with a multistage structure toward high‐performance Na metal batteries.
Osmapentalenofurans Constructed by Reacting Os≡C1 of Osmapentalyne with Phenols
Authors: Yang Xiaofei , Zhang Kunming , Zhang Yuteng , Liu Hui , Liu Shanting , Fu Debin , Song Jie , Ma Xuexue , Li Ning , Liu Sheng Hua
Published: August 2024

Over the past decade, significant research efforts have focused on osmapentalyne, characterized by the more reactive Os≡C7 (Carbon atoms numbered in a clockwise direction on the osmapentalyne skeleton), across areas encompassing electrophilic, nucleophilic, and addition reactions. Nevertheless, the reactivity of osmapentalyne featuring Os≡C1 remains ripe for further exploration. In this investigation, we effectively synthesized a lineage of osmapentalenofurans through the nucleophilic reaction of osmapentalyne incorporating Os≡C1 with phenols. These resulting complexes demonstrate near‐infrared luminescence traits in both solid and liquid states. Particularly noteworthy is the osmapentalenofuran derived from tetraphenylethane (TPE) unit, which showcases remarkable aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) property in the aggregated state. These osmapentalenofurans are also able to further extend their range of reactions, including reactions with base and isonitrile. This study not only broadens the scope of applications for metal aromatics but also furnishes valuable insights into the realm of specialized functional materials.
13C CSA Tensors and Orientational Order of Model and Dimer Mesogens Comprising of Phenyl Benzoate
Authors: Pratap Gallelli , Reddy Yanati Santhosh K. , Lobo Nitin P. , Ramanathan Krishna V. , Narasimhaswamy Tanneru
Published: August 2024

A Model mesogen and its symmetrical Dimer made up of phenyl benzoate core unit are investigated by 13C NMR spectroscopy. The existence of layer order in smectic A and smectic C phases of Dimer mesogen is established by powder X‐ray diffraction. The chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) tensors of Model mesogen are determined by 2D separation of undistorted powder patterns by effortless recoupling (SUPER) experiment and are utilized for calculating the order parameters employing the alignment‐induced chemical shifts (AIS). Additionally, 2D separated local field (SLF) NMR is availed for extracting 13C‐1H dipolar couplings for both mesogens and used for computing the order parameters. A good agreement in the order parameters calculated from 13C‐1H dipolar couplings and AIS is observed. Accordingly, the main order parameter (Szz) for the phenyl rings of the Model mesogen is found to be in the range 0.54–0.82, and for the Dimer mesogen, the values span 0.64–0.82 across mesophases. Since the phenyl benzoate core unit is frequently employed structural moiety for constructing the main chain as well as side chain liquid crystalline polymers and liquid crystalline elastomers, the CSA tensors reported here will be of immense utility for the structural characterization of these materials.
Photoinduced Intramolecular C−N Coupling For The Synthesis Of Azolo[1,2,4]Benzothiadiazines Derivatives
Authors: García‐Manzano Eibber J. , Cuellar Micaela A. , Martín Sandra E. , Budén María E. , Barolo Silvia M.
Published: August 2024

This paper explores an original synthesis of novel heterocyclic compounds derived from photoinduced intramolecular coupling reactions, involving the formation of C−N and C−C bonds. Specifically, two classes of compounds were targeted: 4H‐benzo[e]pyrazolo[1,5‐b][1,2,4]thiadiazines and 5‐amino‐6‐thia‐4,5a‐diazaacephenanthrylenes. The synthetic strategy involved nucleophilic substitution reactions to prepare key sulfonamide starting substrates, followed by photoinduced cyclization (via the Substitution Radical Nucleophilic Unimolecular, SRN1) under mild conditions using visible light. The scope of the reaction was explored with different substituent groups on the starting materials, which demonstrated moderate to very good product yields, with 13 examples and yields of up to 78 %. Moreover, this strategy represents the first synthetic approach to obtain 5‐amino‐6‐thia‐4,5a‐diazaphenanthrylenes.
Morphology‐controlled synthesis of multi‐metal‐based spinel oxide nanocatalysts and their performance for oxygen reduction
Authors: Li Can , Pan Jinfong , Chen Xiaobo , Zhang Lihua , Dennett Anna , Bharathan Prabhu , Lee Douglas , Zhou Guangwen , Fang Jiye
Published: August 2024

We present a one‐pot colloidal synthesis method for producing monodisperse multi‐metal (Co, Mn, and Fe) spinel nanocrystals (NCs), including nanocubes, nano‐octahedra, and concave nanocubes. This study explores the mechanism of morphology control, showcasing the pivotal roles of metal precursors and capping ligands in determining the exposed crystal planes on the NC surface. The cubic spinel NCs, terminated with exclusive {100}‐facets, demonstrate superior electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media compared to their octahedral and concave cubic counterparts. Specifically, at 0.85 V, (CoMn)Fe2O4 spinel oxide nanocubes achieve a high mass activity of 23.9 A/g and exhibit excellent stability, highlighting the promising ORR performance associated with {100}‐facets of multi‐metal spinel oxides over other low‐index and high‐index facets. Motivated by exploring the correlation between ORR performance and surface atom arrangement (active sites), surface element composition, as well as other factors, this study introduces a prospective approach for shape‐controlled synthesis of advanced spinel oxide NCs. It underscores the significance of catalyst shape control and suggests potential applications as nonprecious metal ORR electrocatalysts.
In vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of Galega officinalis extracts
Authors: Sukhtezari Shokoofeh , Sahari Mohammad Ali , Barzegar Mohsen , Azizi Mohammad Hossain
Published: August 2024

The purpose of the present study was to determine the total phenolic, flavonoid, and galegine content and antioxidant activity, as well as the in vitro antidiabetic potential of different extracts of Galega officinalis using the solvent extraction method. The results demonstrated that the highest yield of extraction (28.05%) and galegine content (17.40 ± 0.04 μg/g of sample) was obtained using water as the solvent (p < .05). However, the highest total phenolic content (TPC) (138.35 ± 0.63 mg GAE per gram of dried GOEs) and total flavonoid content (TFC) (189.12 ± 1.47 mg catechin per gram of dried GOEs) were extracted using A90 (acetone–water, 90:10) solvent. A90 extract exhibited the highest inhibition of sucrase activity (91.42%) (p < .05). Also, the inhibitory activity of A90 against α‐amylase (59.96%), α‐glucosidase (54.3%), and maltase (62.73%) was significantly higher than that of A70 (acetone–water, 70:30) and E20 (ethanol–water, 20:80) (p < .05). According to antioxidant activity results, the highest ABTS•+ (360.5 ± 15.69 μmol Trolox eq per gram of dried GOEs), hydroxyl radical‐scavenging activity (3657.75 ± 21.56 μmol histidine eq per gram of dried GOEs), and FRAP assay (558.18 ± 20.26 μmol FeSO4 eq per gram of dried GOEs) were related to A90, while the best DPPH radical‐scavenging activity and metal‐chelating activity were related to A70 (302.66 ± 2.42 μmol Trolox equivalents per gram of dried GOEs) and E20 (36.5 ± 1.02 μmol EDTA eq per gram of dried GOEs), respectively. Taken together, A90 appears to be the best solvent to get Galega officinalis extract with the highest antioxidant and antidiabetic activity.
The impact of Anatomage table on writing of medical students' case reports: A comparative study
Authors: Kldiashvili Ekaterina , Al‐Rustum Saif , Denekens Josette , van Rossum Herman
Published: August 2024

Background and Aims

Academic performance is essential in medical education, yet comprehensive training programs addressing this need are lacking. Simulation‐based learning has emerged as a valuable tool for developing clinical skills, with the Anatomage table offering a virtual platform to enhance learning experiences. This study aimed to assess the impact of utilizing the Anatomage table on the academic performance and similarity of case reports among seventh‐semester medical students.

Methods

A total of 68 students participated, with 25 using paper‐based medical history and 43 using the Anatomage table. Descriptive statistics and Turnitin were employed for data analysis.

Results

Students using the Anatomage table exhibited higher academic performance and lower similarity percentages compared to those using paper‐based medical history.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the benefits of integrating advanced technology into medical education to enhance learning outcomes and prepare students for clinical practice. Further investigation is required to improve the effectiveness of simulation‐based learning in enhancing academic performance of medical students.
B cells critical for outcome in high grade serous ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Vledder Annegé , Paijens Sterre T. , Loiero Dominik , Maagdenberg Alexis , Duiker Evelien W. , Bart Joost , Hendriks Anne M. , Jalving Mathilde , Werner Naomi , van Rooij Nienke , Plat Annechien , Wisman G. Bea A. , Yigit Refika , Roelofsen Thijs , Kruse Arnold J. , de Lange Nastascha M. , Koelzer Viktor H. , de Bruyn Marco , Nijman Hans W.
Published: August 2024

Recent work has shown evidence for the prognostic significance of tumor infiltrating B cells (B‐TIL) in high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), the predominant histological subtype of ovarian cancer. However, it remains unknown how the favorable prognosis associated with B‐TIL relates to the current standard treatments of primary debulking surgery (PDS) followed by chemotherapy or (neo‐)adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) combined with interval debulking surgery. To address this, we analyzed the prognostic impact of B‐TIL in relationship to primary treatment and tumor infiltrating T cell status in a highly homogenous cohort of HGSOC patients. This analysis involved a combined approach utilizing histological data and high‐dimensional flow cytometry analysis. Our findings indicate that while HGSOC tumors pre‐treated with NACT are infiltrated with tumor‐reactive CD8+ and CD4+ TIL subsets, only B‐TIL and IgA plasma blasts confer prognostic benefit in terms of overall survival. Importantly, the prognostic value of B‐TIL and IgA plasma blasts was not restricted to patients treated with NACT, but was also evident in patients treated with PDS. Together, our data point to a critical prognostic role for B‐TIL in HGSOC patients independent of T cell status, suggesting that alternative treatment approaches focused on the activation of B cells should be explored for HGSOC.
A pilot study of upcycled smartphone‐based colposcopy for visual inspection of cervix performed by community healthcare workers in rural Vietnam
Authors: Yim Ga Won , Lee Jiyeon , Yang Kyungmo , Lee Chae Hyeong , Huy Nguyen Vu Quoc , Vo Minh Tuan , Yoon Sangchul
Published: August 2024

Objective

This study assessed the feasibility of smartphone‐based colposcopy (SBC) for visual inspection of the cervix by community healthcare workers in low‐resource areas.

Methods

This was a retrospective study conducted in community villages in rural Vietnam, where 177 participants were enrolled for a cervical cancer screening. Cervical images were obtained by pre‐trained community healthcare workers using a portable, upcycled SBC (Samsung Galaxy Note 20). Images were taken before and after the visual inspection after acetic acid (VIA) examination. Captured images were stored on a web server through an Android‐based application and later reviewed independently by two experienced gynecologists. Image quality was assessed, and kappa statistics were calculated for the measurement of agreement in VIA findings.

Results

Cervical images of 177 women obtained between July and August 2020 were analyzed. The mean age of women was 42 ± 9.1 years, and 20.3% were postmenopausal. The percentage of adequate visibility of the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ) in the captured images was 83.1%. The kappa value for interobserver reliability was 0.61 for VIA positivity agreement between the two gynecologists. Image clarity was rated as average or above in 77.3%. The reasons for suboptimal clarity were poor focusing (15.3%), inadequate SCJ visibility (18%), and obscuring of the transformation zone due to blood (11.3%), discharge (14.7%), or artifacts such as intrauterine devices or polyps (5.1%).

Conclusion

Upcycled SBC was feasible when performed by pre‐trained healthcare workers in a low‐resource setting. VIA findings by SBC showed adequate agreement between two independent assessments, suggesting its potential as a method to aid cervical cancer screening.
Distant recurrence of non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer 8 years after initial treatment
Authors: Watanabe Mahoro , Kawamorita Naoki , Shiraiwa Tetsuro , Sato Tomonori , Sato Takuma , Kawasaki Yoshihide , Yamashita Shinichi , Ebata Akiko , Sato Satoko , Ito Akihiro
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Distant recurrence of non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer is a rare condition that is poorly understood and difficult to detect in follow‐up protocols.

Case presentation

A 73‐year‐old female with a history of T1N0M0 bladder cancer 8 years ago suffered from a left axillary tumor, a left lung tumor, left mediastinal lymph node swelling, and bilateral adrenal gland tumors. Initially, she was diagnosed with metastatic left breast cancer of the left accessory mamma by needle biopsy of an axillary tumor. Subsequent bronchoscopic biopsy of the mediastinal lymph node revealed metastatic urothelial carcinoma, although no recurrence was detected in the urinary tract. She underwent systemic therapy, and all regions shrank without reprogression.

Conclusion

Non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer should be managed considering distant metastasis. If the origin of the metastatic lesions is unknown, this disease should be considered as a possible origin, even in the absence of urinary tract recurrence.
A comparative study of the tracheary elements of some commercial hardwoods of Nigeria
Authors: Gill L. S. , Onuja J. E.
Published: August 2024

A comparative account of tracheary elements of 13 commercial woods of Nigeria is given. The taxa investigated are Canarium schweinfurthii, Diospyros mespiliformis, Scottelia coriacea, Pycnanthus angolense, Lophira alata, Canthium vulgare, Nauclea diderrichii, Fagara leprieurii, Aningeria robusta, Manilkara obovata, Holoptelea grandis, Gmelina arborea and Tectona grandis.
Parental SES and family support as predictors of educational level: Testing the buffering effect of effortful control and peer support
Authors: Fakkel Matthijs , Peeters Margot , Branje Susan , Stevens Gonneke W. J. M.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Exposure to family risk factors increases adolescents' chances of attaining a lower educational level. However, some adolescents attain a high educational level despite being exposed to family risk factors such as a lower parental socioeconomic status (SES) or receiving less family support.

Method

Using data from the Dutch TRAILS cohort study (NT1 = 2175; Mage = 11.1, SD = 0.55, 50.8% female), we investigated if higher levels of effortful control and peer support can buffer against the negative effects of a lower parental SES and less family support on educational level. Two multinomial logistic regressions were performed (from early to mid‐adolescence and from mid‐adolescence to young adulthood) with post hoc tests to contrast four ordinal educational levels: practical vocational, theoretical vocational, higher general, and (pre‐)university.

Results

Adolescents with a higher parental SES were consistently more likely to end up at a higher educational level, but family support was hardly associated with educational level. Neither effortful control nor peer support buffered the associations of parental SES and family support with educational level. Effortful control did have a positive direct (compensatory) effect on the educational level.

Conclusion

We conclude that other individual competencies or more structural changes may be more helpful buffers for reducing socioeconomic inequalities in educational attainment.
A small shift, a major leap: Changing gender‐role attitudes among adolescents across two ethnic groups
Authors: Daw Suha , Scharf Miri
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The current study examined a growth mindset intervention designed to promote egalitarian gender role attitudes among adolescents during a pivotal stage of their development, as these attitudes may have important implications for their identity development, well‐being, and future life decisions.

Methods

A sample of 181 eighth‐grade students (61% female, Mage = 13.14, SD = 0.42) from six Israeli schools participated in the study. The sample consisted of 49% Jewish and 51% Arab adolescents, including both Muslims and Christians. Adolescents engaged in a two‐session intervention that included videos and reflective writing tasks. Pre‐and postintervention, they completed self‐administered questionnaires assessing their gender‐role mindsets, attitudes toward women, and sexism. The data collection and intervention process took place from late 2021 to early 2023.

Results

After the intervention, there was an increase in growth mindsets and egalitarian attitudes towards women among adolescents, and a reduction in benevolent sexism and fixed gender‐role mindsets. Hostile sexism, however, remained unchanged. No significant sex or ethnic differences were found in the effectiveness of the intervention. Gender‐role mindsets mediated the association between the intervention and egalitarian attitudes, but not the association between the intervention and benevolent sexism.

Conclusions

The findings demonstrate the potential of brief and targeted growth mindset interventions in promoting favorable changes adolescents' attitudes towards gender roles. According to this study, despite prolonged gender‐role socialization, adolescents from diverse ethnic backgrounds can move towards more egalitarian attitudes and flexibility in gender roles through a rather targeted process. This finding is promising especially in adolescence, when stereotypes are often intensified.
UPCARE: Urinary Extracellular Vesicles‐Derived Prostate Cancer Assessment for Risk Evaluation
Authors: Jiang Shaoqin , Lu Feiting , Chen Jiadi , Jiao Yingzhen , Qiu Qingqing , Nian Xinwen , Qu Min , Wang Yan , Li Mengqiang , Liu Fei , Gao Xu
Published: August 2024

In the quest for efficient tumor diagnosis via liquid biopsy, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown promise as a source of potential biomarkers. This study addresses the gap in biomarker efficacy for predicting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) between the Western and Chinese populations. We developed a urinary extracellular vesicles‐based prostate score (EPS) model, utilizing the EXODUS technique for EV isolation from 598 patients and incorporating gene expressions of FOXA1, PCA3, and KLK3. Our findings reveal that the EPS model surpasses prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) testing in diagnostic accuracy within a training cohort of 234 patients, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.730 compared to 0.659 for PSA (p = 0.018). Similarly, in a validation cohort of 101 men, the EPS model achieved an AUC of 0.749, which was significantly better than PSA's 0.577 (p < 0.001). Our model has demonstrated a potential reduction in unnecessary prostate biopsies by 26%, with only a 3% miss rate for csPCa cases, indicating its effectiveness in the Chinese population.
How is primary care nursing embedded in nursing undergraduate curricula: A mixed‐method study from four countries
Authors: Kako Mayumi , Halcomb Elizabeth , Mizukawa Mariko , Moriayama Michiko
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Given the increase in the primary care nursing workforce and the need to further grow nursing roles in the community understanding how this is included in undergraduate education is important. This study aimed to explore the inclusion of primary care in the undergraduate nursing education curriculum of four countries.

Method

A mixed‐method design was employed to obtain a broader context of primary care nursing in nursing education and teaching approaches relating to primary care nursing. Subsequently, Australia, Canada, Spain, and Ireland were selected for this study because primary healthcare systems are established as a part of their healthcare system.

Results

In total, 136 nursing faculties (40 in Australia, 35 in Canada, 46 in Spain, and 15 in Ireland) were invited to participate in this study. Of these, 27 responses were obtained (19.8% response rate). Following the survey phase, in‐depth interviews were conducted with 13 participants. The results indicated that the highest number was coded within the theme of “Understanding of PHC in the curriculum” (n = 108). The second highest number (n = 87) was within the theme of “Interpretation differences of PHC in curriculum,” and the third highest (n = 31) was coded within “Policy impact on health by national government and others.”

Conclusion

The results emphasized the ambiguity of primary care within the undergraduate nursing curriculum and that interpretation and implementation into the curriculum largely depended on the school's intentions.
The aroma formation from fresh tea leaves of Longjing 43 to finished Enshi Yulu tea at an industrial scale
Authors: Sui Mengyuan , Wang Lili , Xue Rong , Xiang Jun , Wang Yufei , Yuan Yuan , Pu Qian , Fang Xin , Liu Bin , Hu Xingming , Liu Xiaoying , Huang Youyi
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Enshi Yulu tea (ESYL) is the most representative of steamed green tea in China, but its aroma formation in processing is unclear. Thus, the ESYL volatiles during the whole industrial processing were investigated using headspace solid‐phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.

RESULTS

A total of 134 volatiles were identified. Among these, 31 differential volatiles [P < 0.05 and variable importance in projection (VIP) > 1] and 25 key volatiles [relative odor activity value (rOAV) and/or the ratio of each rOAV to the maximum rOAV (ROAV) > 1.0] were screened out, wherein β‐ionone and nonanal were the most key odorants. Besides, the sensory evaluation combined with multivariate statistical analysis of volatiles pinpointed spreading, fixation, first drying, and second drying as the key processing steps that have a pronounced influence on the aroma quality of ESYL. Furthermore, the oxidative degradation of unsaturated fatty acids, synthesis of monoterpenes, and degradation of carotenoids were the main metabolic pathway for the formation of key odorants.

CONCLUSION

The study provides comprehensive insights into the volatile characteristics during the industrial processing of ESYL and promote our understanding of the aroma formation in steamed green teas. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Prophylactic effects of Tibetan goat kefir on depression‐like behaviors in chronic unpredictable stress model through the gut–brain axis
Authors: Sun Yuhan , Zhao Hongfan , Chang Mengjia , Yue Tianli , Yuan Yahong , Shi Yiheng
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Depression is a common psychological disorder, and traditional therapeutic drugs often result in side effects such as emesis, dry mouth, headache, dysentery and constipation. Probiotics and goat milk have garnered widespread attention for their ability to modulate immune function and regulate the endocrine system, and for their anti‐inflammatory effects. In this work, the effects of Tibetan goat kefir on the behavior, immune status, neuroendocrine response and gut microbiological composition of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mouse models were evaluated.

RESULTS

The results indicated that Tibetan kefir goat milk significantly alleviated behavioral despair in mice. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that Tibetan kefir goat milk mitigated the inflammatory response in the mice and moderated the hyperactivity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor. Meanwhile, chronic stress‐induced gut microbial abnormalities were restored. In addition, the correlation between gut microbiota and nervous system was evaluated.

CONCLUSION

These results explained the potential mechanism of Tibetan kefir in the antidepressant effect on the CUMS model and enriched diets for depressed patients. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Generalized flow calculation of the gas flow in a network of capillaries used in gas chromatography
Authors: Leppert Jan , Brehmer Tillman , Boeker Peter , Wüst Matthias
Published: August 2024

A general method for the calculation of the flow and pressure of a gas in a network of cylindrical capillaries is presented. This method is used specifically for gas chromatographic systems in this work. With this approach, it is possible to easily calculate flow and pressures in complex gas chromatographic systems, like flow‐modulated or thermal‐modulated multidimensional gas chromatographic systems, or systems with multiple outlets at different pressures. A mathematic abstraction using graph theory is used to represent the system of capillaries. With this graph, the flow balance equations at the connections of the capillaries can easily be set up. Using a computer algebra system, the system of flow balance equations can be solved for the pressures at the connection points. For simple systems, this approach is presented, and calculated flows, pressures, and hold‐up times are compared with measured values. In addition, two complex systems (4‐Way‐Splitter, Deans Switch system) of capillaries are presented with calculations only. For these systems, certain conditions were formulated, that is, a certain difference in hold‐up times and a defined split ratio between different paths of these systems. Using a numeric non‐linear solver, configurations of these systems were found, that fulfill these conditions.
Palmar Fibromatosis, Updated Review With Relationship to the A1 Pulley, Trigger Finger, and Presence of the Sonographic Comb Sign
Authors: Pepperday Cody A. , Murthy Naveen , Kakar Sanjeev , McKenzie Gavin A.
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Updated retrospective review of the sonographic appearance of palmar fibromatosis (PF) with evaluation of the utility of the Comb Sign previously described in plantar fibromas. Additional evaluation was conducted on the location relative to the flexor tendon, anatomic proximity of palmar fibromas to the A1 pulley and evaluate any potential association with trigger finger.

Methods

Medical record and imaging review was performed from 2017 to 2023, for patients with a new onset ultrasound or clinical diagnosis of PF. Clinical associations and imaging morphology were reviewed including presence of the Comb Sign, fibroma association with the A1 pulley, and fibroma association with trigger finger.

Results

Exactly 87 total fibromas in 53 patients were evaluated. The Comb Sign was present in 39% of fibromas, usually seen in transverse plane, more prevalent in multifocal disease and larger fibromas. Most (72%) palmar fibromas were within 1 cm of, contacted, or covered the A1 pulley (P < .001). Lateral extension beyond the flexor tendon axis can be seen (44%). Trigger finger and tenosynovitis were rare. However, volume and SI dimension of fibromas were associated with tenosynovitis (P < .0001) and all nine patients with concomitant trigger finger had fibromas within 1 cm from the A1 pulley.

Conclusions

The Comb Sign can aid in sonographic diagnosis of PF. Lateral extension of fibromas can occur. Most palmar fibromas have a significant intimate association with the A1 pulley, and presence of trigger finger with adjacent palmar fibroma can exist and is important for hand surgeons to know preoperatively.
LncRNA NR2F2‐AS1 inhibits the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma by mediating the miR‐32‐5p/SEMA3A axis
Authors: Qin Shi‐Yu , Li Bo , Liu Ji‐Mu , Lv Qiu‐Li , Zeng Xiang‐Lin
Published: August 2024

Previous studies have supported a tumor‐suppressive role of semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) in several tumors including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, in‐depth characterization of the role of SEMA3A in OSCC and the underlying molecular mechanisms is lacking. Gene and protein expressions were detected using quantitative real‐time PCR, western blot assay, and immunohistochemistry. OSCC cell metastasis was evaluated using Transwell and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was determined using tube formation assay. The interactions among molecules were predicted using bioinformatics analysis and validated using luciferase activity experiment and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. Pulmonary metastasis was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining after constructing a lung metastasis tumor model in mice. SEMA3A expression was decreased in OSCC cells and its overexpression led to suppression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion of OSCC cells and angiogenesis of HUVECs. miR‐32‐5p was identified as an upstream molecule of SEMA3A and long non‐coding RNA NR2F2 antisense RNA 1 (NR2F2‐AS1) was validated as an upstream gene of miR‐32‐5p. Further experiments revealed that the inhibitory effects of NR2F2‐AS1 overexpression on EMT, migration, invasion of OSCC cells, and angiogenesis of HUVECs as well as tumor growth and metastasis in mice were mediated via the miR‐32‐5p/SEMA3A axis. To conclude, NR2F2‐AS1 may attenuate OSCC cell metastasis and angiogenesis of HUVECs and suppress tumor growth and metastasis in mice via the miR‐32‐5p/SEMA3A axis.
A higher incidence of chondral injuries on the medial femoral condyle in concomitant ACL ruptures, no significant difference in treatment: A systematic review
Authors: Hanlon Jack , Máté Miklós , de Jonge Róbert , Bäcker Henrik C. , Panics Gergely
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The associated damage to articular cartilage in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injured patients is a well‐recognized phenomenon; however, there is a relative paucity in the literature regarding the different treatment techniques and outcomes. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify patients treated for acute ACL rupture and associated cartilage injury, with interest in the surgical management of these chondral injuries and any difference in patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) differing techniques.

Methods

A systematic review was performed looking for treatment or management of International Cartilage Repair Society grade 3 or 4 articular cartilage injury at the time of ACL reconstruction.

Results

Seventeen studies fit the criteria, a total of 892 patients were included, 64.6% were male with a mean age of 33.7 and the average time to follow‐up was 41.7 months. 68.2% of the lesions were on the medial femoral condyle (MFC) with a mean lesion size of 3.9 cm2. Six different operative methods of dealing with chondral lesions were identified, there was no significant difference in PROMs between the techniques, although there was a significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative outcome measures.

Conclusions

The systematic review found that chondral defects on the MFC are more common in concomitant ACL injuries, despite the pattern of bone bruising being more common on the lateral femoral condyle as reported in the literature. It also found no significant difference in the PROMs between the six different techniques identified for the concomitant management of ACL reconstruction and chondral defects.

Level of Evidence

Level II.
Machine‐learning models for shoulder rehabilitation exercises classification using a wearable system
Authors: Sassi Martina , Carnevale Arianna , Mancuso Matilde , Schena Emiliano , Pecchia Leandro , Longo Umile Giuseppe
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The objective of this study is to train and test machine‐learning (ML) models to automatically classify shoulder rehabilitation exercises.

Methods

The cohort included both healthy and patients with rotator‐cuff (RC) tears. All participants performed six shoulder rehabilitation exercises, following guidelines developed by the American Society of Shoulder and Elbow Therapists. Each exercise was repeated six times, while wearing a wearable system equipped with three magneto‐inertial sensors. Six supervised machine‐learning models (k‐Nearest Neighbours, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression and Adaptive Boosting) were trained for the classification. The algorithms' ability to accurately classify exercise activities was evaluated using the nested cross‐validation method, with different combinations of outer and inner folds.

Results

A total of 19 healthy subjects and 17 patients with complete RC tears were enroled in the study. The highest classification performances were achieved by the RF classifier, with an accuracy of 89.91% and an F1‐score of 89.89%.

Conclusion

The results of this study highlight the feasibility and effectiveness of using wearable sensors and ML algorithms to accurately classify shoulder rehabilitation exercises. These findings suggest promising prospects for implementing the proposed wearable system in remote home‐based monitoring scenarios. The ease of setup and modularity of the system reduce user burden enabling patient‐driven sensor positioning.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Supply chain financing decision with installment redemption under dynamic pledge
Authors: Cai Xin , Li Dongdong , Chu Jiaojie , Liu Xueyong
Published: August 2024

In this paper, the dynamic pledge financing decision problem of a borrowing enterprise is studied in the context of a supply chain finance system that includes a financial institution and a borrowing enterprise (small and medium‐sized enterprises [SMEs]). The optimal Inventory pledge, as well as redemption decisions of the borrowing enterprise, are analyzed under the consideration of constant and changing redemption prices, respectively, and the effects of the main parameters on the optimal decisions are discussed. It found that (1) when the redemption price is constant, the borrowing enterprise's optimal quantity of inventory pledge increases as the initial inventory quantity increases or the redemption price decreases; (2) when the redemption price varies, the borrowing enterprise's optimal inventory redemption quantity decreases as the initial inventory pledge and the redemption price increase; and (3) the borrowing enterprise's redemption decision is affected by the previous period's redemption quantity and the actual sales quantity. The conclusions of this paper not only provide suggestions for SMEs to make inventory pledge financing decisions but also provide references for financial institutions to formulate relevant financing rules.
XSIM: A structural similarity index measure optimized for MRI QSM
Authors: Milovic Carlos , Tejos Cristian , Silva Javier , Shmueli Karin , Irarrazaval Pablo
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The structural similarity index measure (SSIM) has become a popular quality metric to evaluate QSM in a way that is closer to human perception than RMS error (RMSE). However, SSIM may overpenalize errors in diamagnetic tissues and underpenalize them in paramagnetic tissues, resulting in biasing. In addition, extreme artifacts may compress the dynamic range, resulting in unrealistically high SSIM scores (hacking). To overcome biasing and hacking, we propose XSIM: SSIM implemented in the native QSM range, and with internal parameters optimized for QSM.

Methods

We used forward simulations from a COSMOS ground‐truth brain susceptibility map included in the 2016 QSM Reconstruction Challenge to investigate the effect of QSM reconstruction errors on the SSIM, XSIM, and RMSE metrics. We also used these metrics to optimize QSM reconstructions of the in vivo challenge data set. We repeated this experiment with the QSM abdominal phantom. To validate the use of XSIM instead of SSIM for QSM quality assessment across a range of different reconstruction techniques/algorithms, we analyzed the reconstructions submitted to the 2019 QSM Reconstruction Challenge 2.0.

Results

Our experiments confirmed the biasing and hacking effects on the SSIM metric applied to QSM. The XSIM metric was robust to those effects, penalizing the presence of streaking artifacts and reconstruction errors. Using XSIM to optimize QSM reconstruction regularization weights returned less overregularization than SSIM and RMSE.

Conclusion

XSIM is recommended over traditional SSIM to evaluate QSM reconstructions against a known ground truth, as it avoids biasing and hacking effects and provides a larger dynamic range of scores.