bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Min Al-Mukhayyam’ (‘From the Camp’)
Authors: Pérez Michael
Published: February 2021

This article examines the implications of long-term encampment and exile for the meaning of Palestinian identity amongst refugees. It shows how the conditions of Palestinian camps in Jordan function as a key marker of social difference between refugees of the camps and the city. Whereas camp refugees see the hardships of camp life as conditions to be confronted, urban refugees take them as constitutive features of a socially distinct refugee. As I argue, the distinctions between camp and city refugees illustrate how the refugee category and the humanitarian camp exceed the ideology and function of humanitarianism. They demonstrate how, in protracted refugee situations, the refugee label and the historical context of the camp can become socially significant and contested features of identity.
Recurring Displacement, Homemaking and Solidarity amongst Syrian and Palestinian Syrian Refugees in Turkey
Authors: Gabiam Nell
Published: February 2021

This article focusses on Al-Nur, a community centre in Istanbul, Turkey, that caters to Syrian and Palestinian Syrian refugees. It is based on five months of fieldwork conducted in the winter and spring of 2017 in Turkey that included participant observation as a volunteer English teacher at Al-Nur. A focus on the philosophy that guides Al-Nur’s functioning as a community centre as well as on the stories of displacement of some of its managers and volunteers sheds light on the importance of being able to (re)create home in exile. Such a focus also sheds light on how repeated displacement has shaped Palestinian Syrian refugees’ experiences of exile from Syria as well as their interactions with Syrian refugees.
‘Life Is Tight Here’
Authors: Chalmiers Morgen A.
Published: February 2021

Since the civil war began in 2011, 5.5 million Syrians have fled their home country and are now living as refugees. Building upon anthropological studies of precarity, the article draws upon 14 months of person-centered ethnographic fieldwork to examine the contextual specificities of Syrian women’s protracted displacement in Jordan. By foregrounding bodily experience as described by three interlocutors during person-centered interviews, the article considers how subjectivities are reshaped under such conditions. The narratives analysed here illustrate how the precarity of displacement fosters an embodied sense of tightness, constriction and stagnation while reconfiguring temporal horizons and rendering visions of imagined futures increasingly myopic.
Evaluation of tourist reviews on TripAdvisor for the protection of the world heritage sites: Text mining approach
Authors: ÖZEN Akın
Published: February 2021

Collecting and analyzing online tourist reviews on destinations is important for sustainable tourism. These analyses can give insight into the extent to which natural and cultural assets in the destination are protected. These evaluations should be considered by the authorities as objective and realistic assessments. In this study, 4183 TripAdvisor reviews of foreign tourists visiting “Göreme National Park and Cappadocia Rocky Area”, which is listed in the World Heritage Site, were evaluated. The data set consisted of English reviews of foreign tourists visiting the region between the years of 2018 - 2020. Dictionary-based sentiment analysis, one of the text mining methods, was used in the study. According to the analysis results, the positive perceptions of the tourists about the churches, fairy chimneys, valleys and underground cities in the World Heritage Site were found to be significantly high (75%). Negative evaluations were found to be low (33%). In tourist reviews, 63% positive and 10.49% negative evaluations were made about the protection of the region. In addition, the awareness of the tourists about whether the locations they visit are World Heritage Sites was 30.6%. Tourists explained their negative opinions about the locations they visited with the words "extra_payment", "crowded", and "steep". Another finding of the study was that the area is adequately protected. There were, however, some concerns related to protection. The most striking aspects of protection concerns were those in which the words "painted" and "drawn" were used, an important indicator of visitor sensitivity to the protection of frescoes in rock churches. Since the destruction of natural and cultural assets in the region is unacceptable, recommendations are made to take the necessary measures to prevent such damage.
La habitación imaginaria de Louis I. Kahn: aproximaciones a su proceso creativo
Authors: Alba Dorado María Isabel
Published: February 2021

Existe un lugar imaginario que precede y en el que se asienta la actividad creativa de Louis I. Kahn. Éste, en su deseo de infundir realidad sensible a todo lo imaginario, dejó constancia de este lugar a través de un dibujo que tituló The Room. Kahn pensó en esta habitación imaginaria como ese lugar en el que desarrollar los ajustes entre pensamiento y realidad, entre idea y materia. En ella hizo emerger, desde el fondo oscuro de su pensamiento, ese mundo de las ideas para acercarlas a la luz de una realidad constructiva y material que las convirtiese en algo tangible y real. En el desarrollo de este artículo nos proponemos desvelar este complejo universo imaginario de Kahn con el objetivo, no solo de conocer más en relación a su pensamiento arquitectónico, sino sobre todo, de desvelar aspectos acerca de su proceso creativo.
Erwin Heilbronner: el ‘tipo fundamental’ en Ibiza, 1935-1936
Authors: Acilu Aitor
Published: February 2021

Este artículo se centra en el estudio del trabajo de investigación sobre la arquitectura rural realizado por Erwin Heilbronner durante su periodo en Ibiza. Tras formarse en los círculos centroeuropeos del arte y la arquitectura, el arquitecto y pintor alemán, encontró en Ibiza algo más que un refugio. Apenas se había instalado, cámara y libreta en mano, realizará un exhaustivo análisis de las casas campesinas diseminadas a lo largo de la isla. Su discurso gráfico, fotográfico (en parte inédito) y escrito sobre la arquitectura rural de la isla, se puede considerar como uno de los primeros estudios propiamente tipológicos de esta arquitectura del mediterráneo en claves modernas. Apoyado en referencias a algunos discursos sobre tipología del siglo XIX, XX y XXI de Quincy, Argan, Rossi, Moneo, Forty, … este artículo busca valorar la contribución realizada por Heilbronner entre 1935 y 1936.
Las construcciones de defensa de la bahía de Cádiz: testigos de lo invisible
Authors: Ferrer Román Esther
Published: February 2021

El territorio de la bahía de Cádiz ha sido, a lo largo de su historia, escenario de avatares históricos. Testigo de ello son las construcciones de defensa que se han asentado en el litoral gaditano. La mayoría de éstas, justamente por su contundencia tectónica, aún permanecen en pie, sin embargo, no sucede lo mismo con aquellas situadas en el corazón de este territorio. Y es que en la bahía, el complicado mestizaje de agua, fango y lodo que compone su sección, impide cualquier imposición. La inconsistencia de sus tierras determinan la forma y los materiales de construcción; de modo que esas estructuras defensivas, en un intento de aprovechar las particularidades del territorio interior de la bahía, a medida que se adentraban en él, no podían sino estar obligadas a diluirse y obedecer los códigos dirigidos por el territorio, pasando entonces a ser testigos de las particularidades más invisibles del lugar.
Estrategias de iniciación al proyecto arquitectónico: A Tango Performance, The Motor y Dance Infusion
Authors: Lee C. José Ignacio , Juárez Chicote Antonio , Colomés Montañés Enrique
Published: February 2021

Un ejercicio de primer año de proyectos es un mecanismo que canaliza el desarrollo incipiente del estudiante hacia la exploración de diversos temas fundamentales de la arquitectura. Es una estrategia que impulsa varios tipos de saberes, a la vez que se soporta sobre ellos. En su planeamiento se entrelazan ámbitos heterogéneos, se establecen vínculos, se sugieren tácticas y procedimientos, con el fin de introducir al estudiante en el aprendizaje proyectual. El artículo analiza la mecánica interna de tres tipos de ejercicios de iniciación al proyecto arquitectónico contemporáneo, con el objetivo de comprender las estrategias que intervienen en su funcionamiento. Presenta cada tipo como una estrategia operativa que utiliza los conceptos, procesos y herramientas que considera esenciales para desarrollar sus hipótesis de trabajo.
Espacios domésticos topológicos: las Casas Electrodoméstico de Alison y Peter Smithson
Authors: Sanz Jaime , González de Mendoza Nicolás Maruri
Published: February 2021

En el año 1952 los arquitectos Alison y Peter Smithson comenzaron, a través de las reuniones celebradas en el seno del Independent Group, a producir una serie de reflexiones en torno al concepto de objeto dentro de la nueva sociedad de consumo. Como resultado, y entre los años 1956 y 1959, dibujaron una colección de cuatro casas a las que llamaron Appliance Houses (Casas Electrodoméstico), que partían de establecer una nueva relación entre los objetos –muebles y electrodomésticos– y la propia arquitectura. Esta nueva asociación, que se producía al separar conceptual y físicamente estas dos variables (lo mueble y lo inmueble), permitió al final de la década de los cincuenta y con el proyecto con el que finalizaba la serie (Retirement House en Kent, 1959) generar una nueva estrategia arquitectónica que sustituía, por primera vez, la estancia por el objeto.
Мультиспіральна комп’ютерна томографія в оцінюванні динаміки атеросклерозу коронарних артерій: дані трирічного спостереження в пацієнтів, які перенесли інфаркт міокарда з елевацією сегмента ST та стентування коронарних артерій
Authors: Babii L. M. , Shumakov V. O. , Pogurelska O. P. , Rybak A. Yu. , Malynovska I. E. , Khomenko Yu. O. , Tereshchenko N. M. , Voloshina O. V. , Kisilevich L. F.
Published: February 2021

The aim – to use multislice computed tomography (MSCT)-coronary angiography data to determine the presence of atherosclerotic process progression in coronary vessels in the dynamics of the three-year follow-up period in patients after STEMI and coronary artery stenting.Materials and methods. 66 MSCT-coronary angiography studies were performed in 19 men after primary myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation (STEMI) and coronary artery stenting. All patients were male, ranging in age from 38 to 66 years, with a mean (Me 55.6; (Q1–Q3 (49–64)) years, and 18 of 19 (94.0 %) patients developed Q-MI. 1 patient (6 %) had non-Q-MI. A month after acute MI, patients underwent MSCT of the heart with coronary vascular contrast. Re-examination was performed one, two and three years after the development of STEMI. According to the results of MSCT coronary angiography determined the functional status of stents, as well as the presence or exclusion of signs of restenosis (about 50 % or more) or thrombosis 100 % – occlusion) in the stent coronary artery and in non-infarction-causing arteries. With the progression of atherosclerotic plaque, an increase in atherosclerotic plaque of more than 20 % was taken into account compared to the previous study.Results and discussion. By the end of the first year after MI in 11 of 19 (57.9 %) patients according to MSCT-coronary angiography, no progression of atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries was observed. 1 patient (5.6 %) had stent restenosis, which was confirmed by CAG data. Progression of atherosclerotic lesions was observed in 7 patients (36.8 %), 3 of them (16.6 %) in the stent artery, and in 4 patients in the non-infarction-causing artery. In the second year after myocardial infarction, compared with the annual examination, in 6 of 14 (42.9 %) no progression of atherosclerosis was observed, and in 7 of 14 (50 %) progression of atherosclerotic lesions not in the stent artery, and only in 1 of 14 – progression of atherosclerosis in the stent artery. In the third year after the development of MI, 10 of 14 (71.4 %) had no progression of atherosclerosis, and 4 patients showed progression in both IOA and other arteries.Conclusions. MSCT coronary angiography is an informative method in assessing the functional status of stents and determining the progression of coronary atherosclerosis in the infarct-causing artery and other coronary arteries in patients after MI and coronary artery stenting in the dynamics of three-year follow-up. The lack of progression of atherosclerosis was accompanied by slightly lower levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared with patients with progression of atherosclerosis.
Клініко-функціональна характеристика госпіталізованих хворих із серцевою недостатністю у повсякденній клінічній практиці
Authors: Tseluyko V. I. , Lukyanenko A. O. , Yakovleva L. M.
Published: February 2021

The aim – to provide сlinical and functional characteristics of patients with heart failure (HF) admitted to the cardiologic clinicMaterials and methods. We studied 150 in-patient cards of the patients who were consecutively admitted to City Clinical Hospital N 8 between August 2018 and September 2019. 124 (80.6 %) patients who had the diagnosis of HF were selected for the future analysis.Results and discussion. Among the examined HF patients, 89 (71.8 %) had HF stage ІІА,18 (14.5 %) had stage IIB and 17 (13.7 %) had stage I. 23 (18,5 %) of patients had left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) below 40 %, 101 (81.5 %) had preserved LVEF. 73 (58.9 %) of examined patients with HF were male, 51 (41.1 %) were female. Women were elder then men and were more likely to have stage II arterial hypertension (AH) while men were more likely to have stage 3 AH. Most females had HF with preserved LVEF.Conclusions. Most patients with HF have preserved LVEF which can be the result of HF hyperdiagnistics in the situation of missing NT-proBNP assessment. In the group of patients with preserved LVEF HF 19.8 % of patients have EF of 40–49 % while 20.8 % have LVEF over 62 %. The most common comorbidity in patients with preserved LVEF HF was AH (88.1 %), coronary artery disease (77.2 %), atrial fibrillation (29.4 %).
Визначення ризику, діагностика та попередження кардіотоксичності при застосуванні хіміотерапевтичних препаратів і променевої терапії
Authors: Kovalenko V. M. , Nesukay E. G.
Published: February 2021

The recommendations were developed by the Ukrainian Association of Cardiology  based on the expert opinion and recommendation documents of the Heart Failure Association, the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), the Cardiooncology Committee of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC),  European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), American Echocardiographic Society.  They focus on risk assessment, diagnostic and prophylactic approaches to reduce cardiovascular toxicity due to the use of chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation therapy in patients with cancer.  Intended  for cardiologists, therapists, family physicians, oncologists, researchers, teachers of higher medical education and postgraduate education.
Феномен втрати маси тіла в пацієнтів із хронічною серцевою недостатністю
Authors: Voitsekhovska К. V. , Voronkov L. G.
Published: February 2021

A characteristic sign of chronic heart failure (CHF) is a high frequency of comorbid conditions, one of which is the phenomenon of weight loss. Cardiac cachexia is a systemic metabolic disorder characterized by an unintentional decrease in body weight due to loss of all body components, namely, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and bone tissue, and identified as a marker of nutritional status, has prognostic value in patients with CHF, regardless of age, NYHA class, left ventricular ejection fraction, and peak oxygen consumption. The article discusses the prevalence, criteria, prognostic significance of cardiac cachexia, as well as immune, metabolic and neurohormonal pathogenetic mechanisms that lead to anabolic-catabolic imbalance and contribute to the progression of CHF. Given the methodological difficulties of proper assessment of unintentional body weight loss over a certain previous period of outpatient follow-up in patients with CHF, it becomes urgent to determine the objective («static») characteristics of the nutritional status of patients, which are associated with an unfavorable clinical prognosis. The article demonstrates the results of our own research to determine prognostic factors based on indicators of the nutritional status of patients the clinical significance of the loss of individual body components is highlighted, preventive and therapeutic approaches to influence body weight loss in patients with CHF are described – nutritional support, neurohormonal blockade, the effect on the intestinal microflora, correction of anemia and iron deficiency, the use of appetite stimulants, immunomodulatory agents, anabolic hormones and physical training.
ABSORBERS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION BASED ON SHUNGITE SPECIES
Authors: Abdimuratov Zh. S. , Manbetova Zh. D. , Imankul M. N. , Chezhimbayeva K. S. , Davronbekov D. A.
Published: February 2021

In recent decades, the industries have experienced rapid development of various technologies directly or indirectly related to the emission of electromagnetic energy into the environment. The number of emitting technical means in production and in everyday life is increasing. At present, there are different ways, methods and materials to reduce the effects of electromagnetic radiation. The properties of absorbers of electromagnetic radiation (EMR), formed on the basis of domestic natural material of shungite species from the deposit of the mining company "Koksu", Almaty region, are considered. The results of the interaction of EMR with samples of materials of absorbers and the dependence of the transmission coefficients on the angle of incidence of electromagnetic waves (EMW) in the frequency range 5.3-10.6 GHz are obtained. Research in these frequency ranges is crucial and relevant with the development and transition in the future of systems and mobile cellular networks of promising generations to higher radio frequency ranges. The use of powdered shungite for the creation of EMR absorbers in ultra-high-frequency radiation (UHFR) range has not yet been studied enough. Technological values of the selected EMR absorbers in comparison with other geomaterials: strength of stone-like shungite species, high indicators of density (for example, 2.61 g/cm3 – “TS” brand; 2.49 g/cm3 – “TK” brand) and mechanical resistance, high thermal and chemical stability, low cost, good mixing with binders. The test samples provide a decrease of EMR level due to the presence of absorption effects.
INTERACTION OF FRAME STRUCTURES WITH ROLLING STOCK
Authors: Abdullayev S. S. , Bondar I. S. , Bakyt G. B. , Ashirbayev G. K. , Budiukin A. M. , Baubekov Ye. Ye.
Published: February 2021

Need of use of mobile measuring computer systems when performing diagnostics of bridges is shown and also the analysis of amplitude-phase-frequency characteristics frame reinforced concrete and metal flying structures of railway bridges is provided at the movement of the train. This in turn allows to estimate conditions of span structures by width of ranges in points of half energy of spectral curve in the area of resonances. Assessment of technical condition and diagnostics of supported artificial structures is carried out according to dynamic parameters. According to this method frequency of natural oscillations is determined from peak values of averaged spectral densities of reduced power. Comparing width of the received ranges to ranges of the new (intact) flying structures it is possible to estimate degree of wear and a damage rate of elements of designs. Based on the results of the calculations, it has been confirmed that the inclusion of elements of the bridge web and the upper structure of the track in the joint work with the main bearing structures increases the accuracy of solving the problem of determining natural frequencies.
COAL MUST BE AT THE ENERGY SECTOR!
Authors: Aliyarov B. , Kibarin A. , Orumbaev R. , Yermagambet B. T.
Published: February 2021

The article substantiates the necessity and possibility of preserving coal in the power industry as a fuel of the future, using the appropriate technology, based, to a large extent, on the use of layered combustion technology. The advantages and disadvantages of coal combustion in a layer are analyzed. The need to switch to flaring coal combustion to increase the unit capacity of the boiler is noted. The universality of this method of coal combustion in relation to its thermal properties is indicated. The sources of problems with emissions into the atmosphere during coal flaring are given. Shown is the substitution of the concept of "dirty technology" with the concept of "dirty fuel" in relation to coal fuel. The ways of returning to the layered combustion of coal are indicated, with the provision of the required capacity of the power facility through the installation of an increased number of boilers with lower productivity. It is noted that at the Almaty University of Energy and Communications named after Gumakrbek Daukeev, a coal combustion technology with reduced disadvantages is being developed The possibility of using flammable volatiles contained in coal for kindling a boiler and for stabilizing the ignition of a coal flame is noted. the possibility of supplying residents of a remote village with their own gaseous fuel for cooking was considered. The possibility of using this gaseous substance for the generation of electrical energy with the installation of low-power gas turbine units on a boiler with coal layer combustion is indicated. Based on such a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of coal, a conclusion was made about the long-term preservation of coal in the power industry.
ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE CAUSED BY SEWAGE AND COLLECTOR-DRAINAGE WATER POLLUTION IN THE LOWER REACHES OF THE SYRDARYA RIVER
Authors: Аnuarbekov K. K. , Kaipbayev E. T. , Mengdibayeva G.
Published: February 2021

The significant impact of irrigation on the natural and ecological situation in the zone of irrigated agriculture in Kazakhstan was determined by the concept of irrigation development in Central Asia and Kazakhstan. The problem of reducing the existing environmental conditions on the irrigated lands of Kazakhstan, especially in the Southern and South-Eastern regions, and the normalization of the ecological and meliorative situation are directly related to various water management regions of Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. The Syrdarya river, which flows among these countries, comes to us with a water salinity of 1,75 g/l. They are also contaminated with pesticides, organochlorine pesticides – DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane), used on irrigated land. Water salinity is also increasing in the territories of Kazakhstan. In general, on irrigated lands, as a result of salt intake from irrigation waters, there was an increase in salt reserves in soils and ground waters. Their intensity largely depends on the salinity of irrigation water and the volume of water intake. As a result of regulating the flow of the river. An irreversible soil-ecological process is taking place in the Syrdarya with great intensity, where the development of irrigated land and the volume of CDW (collector-drainage water) and wastewater discharged into the rivers in the upper reaches of the rivers has been widely developed.
COTTON CULTIVARS X PLANT POPULATION IN MONTIVIDIU, GOIÁS, BRAZIL
Authors: Rodríguez de la Torre Elio de Jesús , Lamas Fernando Mendes
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative aspects of production in different populations of cotton cultivars. Ten cultivars were evaluated annually in four plant populations. A randomized block design with split plots and three replicates was used. The cultivars were placed in plots, and the plant populations were placed in the subplots. The following characteristics were evaluated: fiber percentage, fiber yield (kg ha-1), fiber length (mm), the micronaire index, the short fiber index (%), and fiber resistance (gf tex-1). In general, the effect of cultivar was much more important than that of the plant population. These results agree with those obtained by several other authors who have claimed that cotton has a high capacity to adapt to certain population ranges. Thus, considering current seed prices, smaller populations can be used without affecting productivity.
WEEDS IN SOYBEAN CROP AFTER ANNUAL CROPS AND PASTURE
Authors: Fachinelli Ricardo , Stradioto Melo Thais , Prevedel Capristo Denise , Antunes de Abreu Hadassa Kathyuci , Ceccon Gessí
Published: February 2021

The use of crop practices to reduce the weed community is an ally to integrated weed management. Given this, the study aimed to identify a composition and weed infestation in a soybean area under different predecessor crops implanted in different years. The experiment was carried out in the 2019/2020 harvest in Dourados, MS. The experimental design was a randomized block with nine treatments. The treatments were composed of autumn-winter crops. The area with predecessor cultivation: corn-Brachiaria intercropping; cowpea beans; single corn; an area with predecessor cultivation of Brachiaria as pasture for one year; two years; three years; four years; five years, and six years. All treatments were followed by soybean cultivation in the 2018/2019 harvest and an intercropping with corn and Brachiaria in the 2019 off-season harvest. There was a difference in the absolute weed infestation between the evaluated areas. Treatments with corn and cowpea had greater weed infestation. However, areas with pasture or intercropping with corn and Brachiaria showed less infestation, especially in areas with Brachiaria grown in the off-season for more than two years. The weed species composition differs between the areas evaluated. The implantation of a corn-Brachiaria intercropping in the off-season under a crop rotation system, especially in areas with Brachiaria grown in the off-season for more than four years, reduces the weed infestation.
Percepción del Personal de Escuelas Municipales Sobre Abuso Sexual Infantil: Estudio Exploratorio
Authors: Díaz Urrea Juan Danilo , Araya Cuevas Sebastián Harold , Valenzuela Méndez María de los Angeles , Tejada Campos Karina del Pilar
Published: February 2021

El Abuso Sexual Infantil (ASI) deja consecuencias psicológicas profundas, su prevalencia llega casi al 30% a nivel mundial. En Chile los infantes entre 8 y 13 años pasan 1.100 horas efectivas en aula, siendo la escuela fundamental para la protección, prevención y detección del ASI. Objetivo: Establecer la percepción sobre ASI de funcionarios de escuelas municipales en la comuna de Antofagasta. Método: Cuantitativo; entre los instrumentos aplicados se utilizó cuestionario de Márquez, M. et al., 2016; contó con 703 trabajadores de 20 escuelas. Resultados: la mayoría posee un conocimiento teórico básico, aunque un 67,8% no recibe capacitaciones; un 70% señaló conocer a una víctima de ASI, pero de estos el 77,2% no ha realizado denuncias; un 71,4% creen erróneamente que el agresor tiene características patológicas evidentes. El equipo del Programa de Integración Escolar, de entre los profesionales que atienden directamente infantes, apenas un 25% conoce métodos de evaluación de ASI, sólo el 55,3% reconoce la posibilidad de abuso en un infante, un 81% declara conocer víctimas, pero un escaso 22% ha denunciado. Estos resultados muestran la probable invisibilización del fenómeno, aumentando el riesgo para los infantes, entre ellos a los más vulnerables, y por tanto la necesidad de intervenciones urgentes.
Penguatan Sila Ketiga Pancasila Sebagai Solusi Untuk Menghadapi Penyebarluasan Content Berunsur SARA Di Media Sosial
Authors: Emillia Emillia
Published: February 2021

Perkembangan teknologi informasi tidak selalu membuat penggunanya juga ikut berkembang. Postingan pada jejaring sosial yang tidak menyuguhkan berita yang sebenarnya atau hoax, bahkan mengandung element SARA dapat memicu terjadinya persengketaan di antara masyarakat Indonesia yang beragam. Pokok permasalahan dalam tulisan ini adalah sampai sejauh mana pemahaman masyarakat terhadap Sila Ketiga dari Pancasila agar tidak terjadi disintegrasi yang diakibatkan penyebarluasan berita yang tidak benar atau hoax serta berisikan element SARA di jejaring sosial. Selanjutnya tujuan dan manfaat dari tulisan ini agar masyarakat memiliki pemahaman yang lebih baik terhadap Sila Ketiga dari Pancasila serta tidak mudah terpancing dengan berita yang tidak benar melalui jejaring sosial. Metode penelitian yang digunakan, menggunakan paradigma yang bersifat deskriptif kualitatif yang selanjutnya dilakukan pengembangan pemahaman Sila Ketiga dari Pancasila. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan setelah dilakukan metode pengembangan, sample memiliki pemahaman yang lebih baik. Selanjutnya yang menjadi kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah dampak dari penyebarluasan berita dan pesan yang mengandung content yang bermuatan SARA dapat memecah belah persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa. Kemudian yang menjadi saran peneliti adalah bangsa Indonesia harus lebih menyadari merupakan satu kesatuan yang utuh dengan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia serta tidak dapat terpecah belah oleh apapun juga.
Tanggung Jawab Ayah Single Parent Terhadap Pendidikan Formal Anak
Authors: Hewot Yohanes Ricardus , Khaidir Khaidir , Natsir Rodja Abdul
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran dan masalah ayah yang berstatus sebagai single parent terhadap pendidikan formal anak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dan dilakukan di Desa Langir Kecamatan Kangae Kabupaten Sikka. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam jangka waktu selama satu bulan, sebagai informan atau sumber data adalah beberapa ayah single parent, anak dan masyarakat sekitarnya. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Selanjutya dari sumber data tersebut dianalisis sebagai hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tanggung jawab ayah single parent terhadap pendidikan formal anak dilakukan sesuai perannya. Memang tidak gampang namun dengan keterbatasan baik dari sisi pengetahuan maupun ekonomi ayah single parent mampu melaksanakan tanggung jawabnya. Ketika terjadi masalah, ayah single parent terkadang harus meminta bantuan pada tetangga atau keluarga untuk turut menyelesaikan. Hal ini dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk memaksimalkan peran mereka sebagai ayah single parent terhadap pendidikan formal anak.
THE INTERACTION EFFECT OF TEACHING AND LEARNING MOTIVATION TOWARDS THE STUDENT’S ENGLISH RESULT ( AN EXPERIMENT AT STATE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN BOGOR REGION)
Authors: Tampubolon Muhammad Ahsan
Published: February 2021

Abstract `The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction effect of teaching and learning motivation towards students’ English result consisting of 30 for experiment class and 30 for control class, and the sampling technique used is cluster random sampling. The research was guided by a conceptual framework leading to the two ways of ANNOVA Research instrument used were the test results od learning motivation and English result scoring that have been tested : 1) there is an significant effect of teaching method towards the students’ English score, as Fo = 17,994 and Sig. = 0,000 < 0.05. 2) there is a significant effect of motivation towards students’ English score, as Fo = 31.308 and Sig. = 0.000 < 0.05. 3) there is an interactive significant effect of teaching method and motivation towards the students’ English score, as Fo = 3.858 and Sig. = 0.054 > 0.05. the results contribute most to increasing of the students’ English score by using the Inquiry Method beside reinforcing of the students’ motivation trait in the classroom activity. Keywords: interaction effect, teaching, learning motivation.
Promoting Students’ Writing Skill: Genre-Based Approach in Indonesia EFL Context
Authors: Gintings Mohammad Fajar Mediyawan
Published: February 2021

This paper aimed to critically examine the effectiveness of Genre-Based Approach (GBA) to teaching writing in EFL context of Indonesia. Although several studies have discussed the effectiveness of GBA in teaching writing, those studies put emphasize how GBA focuses on genre or text types rather than the basic principles of GBA that aims for socially functioning language skills. This paper draws on the relevant literature to investigates how GBA suits the teaching of writing in EFL context of Indonesia. Moreover, the discussion focuses on the benefits of GBA which mainly derived from five key principles of Genre proposed by Hyland (2007). Through the exploration of existing empirical studies, this paper found that GBA offer three main benefits in teaching writing under the EFL context. These benefits are: (1) the offer of practical writing skill; (2) the build of students’ confidence in English writing; and (3) stimulation on students’ critical thinking as part of their English literacy. Nevertheless, the benefits of GBA in teaching writing could only be attained if teachers implement GBA according to its full-fledged teaching and learning cycles.
Students’ Mastery of Adjective Clause: A Case Study towards the Second Semester Students of English Department
Authors: Al Baroroh Aisyah , Hani Umi
Published: February 2021

This is a case study that aims at analyzing the students’ ability in answering grammar questions about adjective clauses. The method used to analyze the data is qualitative descriptive method. The result of the study showed how well students’ ability of the second semester student of English Literature department at Universitas Pamulang in dealing with grammar questions about adjective clauses. There were 26 random students from two different classes in the same semester who were included in this study. The study shows that the average of students score resulted them to be classifed to have Fair (got 60 to 69 score) category of adjective clause mastery by reaching 46% of the total percentage.
Understanding Vocabulary for Essay Writing Test at Eleventh Grade Students of SMK Sirajul Falah Bogor
Authors: Octafia Yani
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to describe students' understanding of vocabulary in completing essay writing tests in class XI Sirajul Falah Bogor. In the 2019/2020 academic year. Respondents in this study were students at a vocational school in Bogor. The research method used a qualitative descriptive method, the population in this study were students of class XI Sirajul Falah Middle School in Bogor, equipped with 336 students. The sampling technique in this study used probability sampling techniques. The subjects selected in this study were 22 subjects who were taken randomly in class XI Sirajul Falah. The data aids used were written tests in the form of essays, interviews and questionnaires. To measure the results of students' writing skills using essay writing tests given to students, there are 3 choices of topics written in descriptive essays and choosing one of the topics. The data were obtained through a test of vocational students' essay writing skills. The aspects that assess the assessment written by students are consistency (1). Content Accuracy with Title, (2) Vocabulary Mastery, (3) Sentence Mastery, (4) Unity, and (5) Spelling Usage and Writing. From the results of data analysis, of the 22 respondents whose lowest score was 24 or 3.11%, only 1 student and the highest score was 44 or 5.71% as many as 2 students and the number of students or at most was 4.93%, for 6 students who achieved 38. Thus it can be denied that the students were able to do the vocabulary test quite well, because most of them achieved scores above the average and none of the students scored below the average.
Increasing Speaking Ability Using Visual Media
Authors: Rosada Rosada
Published: February 2021

The present study was conducted in order to describe the implementation of visual media in teaching speaking. The researcher used Classroom Action Research design and applied it in teaching of speaking at ten grade of Madrasah Aliyah Kepahiang. The finding of this research indicated that the visual media was successful in increasing students’ speaking ability. In cycle I the score was 68.50 and in cycle II 76.33. Besides, the students have the positive response toward the implementation of visual media. Rapid development of science and technology today has demanded all parties to adjust and follow these developments. Nowadays, the use of media in language learning is very important. It will make the teaching and learning process be more attractive and effective. In learning, media is an aid which is able to help teacher in their teaching activity.
Code-Mixing and Code-Switching in Teaching Listening Skills to Intermediate 3 Students at LBPP LIA Bekasi
Authors: Wirhayati Wirhayati , Safitri Hilma
Published: February 2021

This study discusses the form and function of code-switching and code-mixing used by the teacher in teaching listening skills to the Intermediate 3 students at LBPP-LIA Bekasi. The phenomenon of implementing code-switching and codemixing codes does not only occur in multilingual societies but also in the foreign language learning process in the classroom where teacher and students use two different languages. The strategy of using code-switching and code-mixing is expected to facilitate foreign language students particularly in learning how to listen where the teacher and students engage in interaction using the language that students are learning. Qualitative method is used to analyze data. From the results of data analysis, it was revealed that the teacher often switches codes when teaching listening skills for both code- switching from English to Bahasa and vice versa. The teacher also mixes the code in the form of morphemes, words, phrases, and clauses. The aim of the teacher to change and mix codes in teaching can be seen from the functions of using code-switching and code-mixing. The confirmation function, for example, is used by the teacher so that students do not misunderstand the topic learned. Other functions also have different objectives to facilitate students learning how to listen in English interactively in the classroom.
INVESTIGASI MINAT DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA DI ERA COVID-19
Authors: Yana Yana , Sari Dewi Purnama
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat minat dan motivasi belajar matematika siswa di masa pandemi covid-19. Proses pembelajaran jarak jauh yang dialami siswa membuat siswa harus beradaptasi untuk tetap bisa belajar dengan maksimal. Sehingga dilakukan investigasi minat dan motivasi belajar matematika siswa di masa covid-19. Investigasi ini dilakukan di Mts Al-Khairiyah Mampang Prapatan Jakarta Selatan semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Metode yang dilakukan adalah penelitian kualitatf studi kasus dengan populasi seluruh siswa kelas VII, kemudian pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling didapat kelas VII-D dengan jumlah sampel 30. Teknik pengumpuan data yaitu dengan angket minat dan motivasi belajar siswa, wawancara serta dokumentasi proses pembelajaran dan hasil pekerjaan siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukan sebagian besar siswa memiliki minat dan motivasi belajar matematika sebesar 54,57%. Dukungan guru dan orang tua selama belajar online sangat mempengaruhi tercapainya proses belajar dengan baik, sebagian siswa bertanya kepada orang tua saat mengalami kesulitan dalam belajar. Saat pembelajaran online tidak terlepas dari faktor-faktor penghambat diantaranya sarana handphone yang kurang mendukung, kurangnya kuota internet sehingga berdampak kepada minat dan motivasi.
AN ANALYSIS OF SPEECH FUNCTION AT TRADITIONAL SHOPPING CENTER IN LANGSA
Authors: Isda Irma Dewi
Published: February 2021

This study deals with Speech function at traditional shopping center in Langsa. The objectives of this study are to find out the types of speech function, the most dominant type of speech function used, and the meaning of the dominantly used. The research of this study was carried by using descriptive qualitative. The data were taken from ten sales and buyers conversation using longer and short conversation  at traditional shopping center. The data were analyzed and classified into four types of speech functions namely statement, question, offer, and command. The findings indicated based on longer and short conversation there are  statement 43 (40,18%), question 53(49,53%), offer 7 (6,5%), command 4 (3,73%) while on short conversation are statement 13 (30.9%), Question 22 (52,3%), offer 5(11,9%) and Command 2(4,7%). Question as the most dominant type of speech function used in sales and buyers on both conversation. It means questions always happened in the traditional shopping center to give demand and information.
EMPTY CATEGORIES IN TRANSFORMATIONAL RULES
Authors: Adha Ruly
Published: February 2021

There are three theories that are always developed in any study of language, namely theory of language structure, theory of language acquisition, and theory of language use. Among those three theories, theory of language structure is regarded as the most important one. It is assumed that if someone knows the structure of language, he/she can develop theories about how language is acquired and used. It makes Chomsky interested in developing the theory of language structure. Chomsky introduced a theory of grammar called Transformational Generative Grammar or Transformational Syntax. Transformational Syntax is a method of sentence fomation which applies some syntactic rules (or also called transformational rules). Transformational rules consist of three types, namely movement transformation, deletion transformation, and substitution transformation. When those transformational rules are applied in a sentence, they will leave empty categories. Empty categories can be in  the form of Complementizer (Comp), Trace, and PRO. This article will elaborate those empty categories; their appearance in the transformational rules; and the characteristics of each empty category.
PROPAGANDA FIREHOSE OF FALSEHOOD PADA PEMILU 2019 DI INDONESIA
Authors: Haqqi Ach
Published: February 2021

The firehose of falsehood propaganda that occurred in Indonesia, in the presidential and vice presidential elections in 2019, was a political campaign strategy that was know effective sufficient to achieve one goal such as what Donald Trump did in elections in the United States of America. The social media burgeoned was so enable for every candidate to use the firehose of falsehood propaganda technique without exception in Indonesia.
SCREENING & EVALUATION OF ANTI-DIABETIC SPECTRUM OF WITHANIA COAGULANS
Authors: Bansal Mayank , Kumari Sweta , Sharma Yogesh Kumar
Published: February 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder. This review article is planned to The anti-diabetic effect of Withania Coagulans have been successfully used in Ayurvedic and other traditional formulations and found to be efficient and inexpensive as compared to synthetic drugs. It also aims to test and verify the W. coagulans fruits, showed significant inhibition on postprandial rise in hyperglycemia post-sucrose load in normoglycemic rats as well as streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. which is comparable to the standard antidiabetic drug Glibenclamide for medical care, The present study defines the systematic evaluation and the role of minerals in glycemic potential of aqueous extract of Withania coagulans fruits in order to develop an effective and safe alternative treatment for diabetes mellitus.

These studies conducted to determine the antidiabetic effect of Withania coagulans and pancreatic histological features in streptozotocin induced diabetic rat.

Results: The study is based on results of lowering in blood glucose levels of normal, sub, mild diabetic rats assessed during fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance test studies.

The dose of 1000mg/kg was identified as the most effective dose, which reduce the blood glucose level maximum by 35.2% at 5 hours in normal rats during blood glucose studies.

Glucose tolerance test studies is normal, sub and mild diabetic rats showed the maximum reduction of 16.7, 29.8 and 38.5% at 4hour respectively.

Long term study incase of severely diabetic rats showed reduction fasting glucose level respectively after 30 days of treatment.

The present study confirming antidiabetic effect of aqueous extract of Withania Coagulans, helps in identifying the role of trace minerals like Mg and Ca responsible for antidiabetic potential of this potent indigenous shrub.

Conclusion: The present research has presented comprehensive details of antidiabetic plants used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Most of these plant derived medicines.

Keywords: Anti-Diabetic effect, Screening & Evaluation, Streptozocin, Glibenclamide, Diabetic rats.
REVITALISASI NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL DALAM PROSESPEMBELAJARAN SISWA DI SMA NEGERI 1 BALAURINGKABUPATEN LEMBATAPROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Authors: Datuk Amirulah , Nobisa Yahya N.
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah Kepala Sekolah, Guru, dan Siswa. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan sebuah gambaran yang holisitik berkaitan dengan aktifitas siswa di SMA Negeri 1 Balauring menunjukan adanya kegiatan akademik (belajar mengajar) baik di kelas maupun diluar kelas yang saling menghargai, menghormati, tegur sapa baik sesama siswa, teman sebaya maupun Bapak/Ibu Guru. Dan yang paling menonjol adalah terjadinya susana toleransi antara yang  Muslim dan Non Muslim serta perbedaan lainnya seperti perbedaan budaya, adat istiadat, kehidupan ekonomi orangtua, bahkan perbedaan pendapatpun dihargai sebagai sebuah kekayaan yang harus terus dijaga. Aktifitas dan implementasi suasana toleransi dan kekeluargaan ini sangat terlihat dalam beberapa kegiatan baik itu kegiatan akademik maupun non akademik. Hal demikian sudah menunjukkan bahwa nilai toleransi, hak asasi dalam beragama menurut keyakian dan kepercayaan dan keadilan sosial suda menjadi tradisi tanpa membedakan latarbelakng siswa dan sudah diterapakn dengan baik. Sehingga tidak ada yang saling membedakan, dan sangat terhindar dari konflik.
PEMBELAJARAN VIRTUAL PADA MASA PANDEMIC COVID-19: TANTANGAN DAN SOLUSI PERMASALAHAN
Authors: Sauri Sopyan , Munawaroh Tatu , Riswanto Dody , Nurbani Siti
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat fenomena pembelajaran virtual pada masa pandemic Covid-19 beserta tantangan dan solusi permasalahan yang harus dilakukan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana kesiapan institusi pendidikan, guru, dosen, siswa, maupun mahasiswa melaksanakan peralihan atau masa transisi dari pembelajaran konvensional menuju pembelajaran berbasis virtual.Jenis penelitian yaitu pendekatan kualitatif.Obyek penelitian adalah fenomena pembelajaran virtual di institusi pendidikan, sedangkan subyek penelitian adalah peserta didik/mahasiswa.Metode pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah observasi, studi dokumentasi, dan informasi audio visual.Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu mengorganisasikan data, memilah data yang primer dengan teknik triangulasi data, mensintesiskan data, menemukan pola, dan interpretasi data untuk selanjutnya dilakukan langkah akhir yaitu menemukan makna sebagai tujuan akhir analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian terdiri dari (1) kesiapan guru dan dosen mengoperasikan perangkat teknologi informasi, (2) Jaringan internet yang stabil pada beberapa wilayah di Indonesia (3) Insentif biaya bagi peserta didik untuk membeli kuota internet (4) metode pembelajaran guru atau dosen yang inovatif (5) tidak memberi beban pekerjaan rumah secara berlebihan kepada siswa.