bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dbx1 controls the development of astrocytes of the intermediate spinal cord by modulating Notch signaling
Authors: Sartoretti Maria Micaela , Campetella Carla A. , Lanuza Guillermo M.
Published: July 2022

Significant progress has been made in elucidating the basic principles that govern neuronal specification in the developing central nervous system. In contrast, much less is known about the origin of astrocytic diversity. Here, we demonstrate that a restricted pool of progenitors in the mouse spinal cord, expressing the transcription factor Dbx1, produces a subset of astrocytes, in addition to interneurons. Ventral p0-derived astrocytes (vA0 cells) exclusively populate intermediate regions of spinal cord with extraordinary precision. The postnatal vA0 population comprises gray matter protoplasmic and white matter fibrous astrocytes and a group of cells with strict radial morphology contacting the pia. We identified that vA0 cells in the lateral funiculus are distinguished by the expression of reelin and Kcnmb4. We show that Dbx1 mutants have an increased number of vA0 cells at the expense of p0-derived interneurons. Manipulation of the Notch pathway, together with the alteration in their ligands seen in Dbx1 knockouts, suggest that Dbx1 controls neuron-glial balance by modulating Notch-dependent cell interactions. In summary, this study highlights that restricted progenitors in the dorsal-ventral neural tube produce region-specific astrocytic subgroups and that progenitor transcriptional programs highly influence glial fate and are instrumental in creating astrocyte diversity.
Μελέτη του κινητικού γραμματισμού παιδιών σχολικής ηλικίας
Authors: Καϊόγλου Βασιλική
Published: July 2022

Σκοπός της διδακτορικής διατριβής ήταν η μελέτη του κινητικού γραμματισμού (ΚΓ) παιδιών σχολικής ηλικίας. Επιμέρους στόχος ήταν η αξιολόγηση της συμβολής των προγραμμάτων Γυμναστικής στην ενίσχυση του ΚΓ. Τριακόσια σαράντα παιδιά (ΜΟηλικίας=10,2±1,2 ετών, 48,8% αγόρια) που συμμετείχαν σε διάφορα προγράμματα μαζικού αθλητισμού, αξιολογήθηκαν με τη Δέσμη Αξιολόγησης Κινητικού Γραμματισμού, ως προς μια σειρά κινητικών, ψυχικών, γνωστικών και συμπεριφορικών χαρακτηριστικών που σχετίζονται με τον ΚΓ. Για τη μελέτη του ΚΓ εφαρμόστηκαν μοντέλα δομικών εξισώσεων στο σύνολο των δεδομένων. Επίσης, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν αναλύσεις διακύμανσης, ώστε να εξεταστεί ο ΚΓ κοριτσιών που ασχολούνταν με τη Γυμναστική (Ν=101), σε σύγκριση με κορίτσια που μετείχαν σε άλλα αθλητικά προγράμματα (N=73). Τα αποτελέσματα παρέχουν στήριξη στην εγκυρότητα (RMSEA=0,070 [0,037, 0,105], p=0,143, TLI=0,909, CFI=0,945) ενός μοντέλου ΚΓ ενός παράγοντα με έξι δομικά στοιχεία (καρδιοαναπνευστική αντοχή, κινητική επιδεξιότητα, μυϊκή δύναμη, συμμετοχή στη φυσική δραστηριότητα [ΦΔ], γνώσεις ΦΔ, κίνητρο/αυτοπεποίθηση για ΦΔ) διαφορετικής βαρύτητας. Από τα έξι υποθετικά μοντέλα που εφαρμόστηκαν για τον έλεγχο των άμεσων/έμμεσων επιδράσεων μεταξύ των δομικών στοιχείων του ΚΓ, αποδείχθηκε ότι: (α) η καρδιοαναπνευστική αντοχή και η κινητική επιδεξιότητα έχουν διαμεσολαβητικό ρόλο στην αλληλεπίδραση των στοιχείων του ΚΓ, (β) ο ρόλος της ΦΔ στο οικοδόμημα του ΚΓ είναι σημαντικός, καθώς συμβάλλει άμεσα ή έμμεσα στην ενίσχυση των υπόλοιπων στοιχείων, ενώ η ίδια ενισχύεται από την αλληλεπίδραση ορισμένων εξ αυτών. Τα υπέρβαρα παιδιά και τα κορίτσια έχουν λιγότερες πιθανότητες να αναπτύξουν υψηλότερο ΚΓ, ωστόσο, η προβλεπτική ικανότητα του φύλου είναι μικρή. Αντίθετα, η συχνότητα συμμετοχής και η εμπλοκή σε ποικιλία προγραμμάτων αποτελούν σημαντικές συνθήκες για την ενδυνάμωση του ΚΓ των παιδιών. Η συμμετοχή σε προγράμματα Γυμναστικής δε συνδέεται με υψηλότερο επίπεδο ΚΓ, σε σχέση με άλλα αθλήματα, ωστόσο οι συμμετέχουσες στη Γυμναστική επιδεικνύουν υψηλό επίπεδο φυσικής κατάστασης και κινήτρου/αυτοπεποίθησης για ΦΔ. Τα παραπάνω ευρήματα αναμένεται να αξιοποιηθούν για τη στοχευμένη καλλιέργεια του ΚΓ στην παιδική ηλικία.
rspatialdata: a collection of data sources and tutorials on downloading and visualising spatial data using R
Authors: Moraga Paula , Baker Laurie
Published: July 2022

Spatial and spatio-temporal data are used in a wide range of fields including environmental, health and social disciplines. Several packages in the statistical software R have been recently developed as clients for various databases to meet the growing demands for easily accessible and reliable spatial data. While documentation on how to use many of these packages exist, there is an increasing need for a one stop repository for tutorials on this information. In this paper, we present rspatialdata a website that provides a collection of data sources and tutorials on downloading and visualising spatial data using R. The website includes a wide range of datasets including administrative boundaries of countries, Open Street Map data, population, temperature, vegetation, air pollution, and malaria data. The goal of the website is to equip researchers and communities with the tools to engage in spatial data analysis and visualisation so that they can address important local issues, such as estimating air pollution, quantifying disease burdens, and evaluating and monitoring the United Nation’s sustainable development goals.
Using a plaster to mend a broken leg
Authors: Allingham Sue
Published: July 2022

All too often, when things are given labels, programmes or packages, they become taught in lessons and not applied across the piece. A rethink is certainly needed if we are to truly support the learning and development of children in the early years.
The food strategy and healthy eating
Authors: Cowley Sue
Published: July 2022

In June 2022, the Government published its Food Strategy White Paper, which included the objective of halving childhood obesity by 2030. With recent data showing an increase in the number of children who are overweight or living with obesity, how can early years settings better support children and families to have an understanding of healthy eating and the benefits of physical activity?
Building a community of practice and research
Authors: Archer Nathan
Published: July 2022

There is an array of training and professional development opportunities available in the sector, yet these are coupled with increasing underfunding. In light of this, Dr Nathan Archer highlights why it is important to find a community of practice where values are shared and solidarity is on offer.
Empowerment in action
Authors: Murdoch Joe
Published: July 2022

Working within the early years is dynamic and change driven. The opportunities to embrace change are through empowered staff and responsive leadership, supported with action research.
Time for action: getting children moving again
Authors: Stanford Max
Published: July 2022

Current research suggests that children are now likely to have even less opportunities for physical development than before. Max Stanford discusses the findings and implications of this.
No longer ‘perceived as naughty…’
Authors: Hogg Sally
Published: July 2022

Early relationships should not just be an interesting part of undergraduate degrees. They should be taught to all professionals as a tool to change the future. This opinion piece begins to look at early relationships and early trauma, practitioners' awareness and what can be done differently.
Leadership in early childhood
Authors: Harrison Jill
Published: July 2022

Jill Harrison, one of the authors of Leadership in Early Childhood: Challenges and Complexities, considers a problem-solving approach to conflict resolution.
Children's experiences of gender in early childhood
Authors: Fernandez Maryanne
Published: July 2022

Maryanne Fernandez introduces her research into how children experience gender which will be explored in more depth in EYE in the coming months through a series of articles.
Building consent into everyday practice
Authors: Davies Dawn
Published: July 2022

Early years teacher, Dawn Davies, shares her insight into how she embedded consent into everyday practice, with three areas for reflection for adults to enable them to support children to build their understanding of consent in daily life.
System failures and learning from the case of Dr Manjula Arora: 21st century regulation needs to be compassionate, caring and supportive
Authors: Singh Iqbal , Ahmed Rizwan , Stewart Philippa , Singh Stephanie E
Published: July 2022

The recent judgement and suspension of Dr Manjula Arora has caused huge apprehension within the medical community and raised debate about whether the fitness to practise process is fit for purpose. This editorial focuses on the need for 21st century regulation to be proportionate, fair, supportive and compassionate.
Pattern Reconstruction for Antennas with Characteristic Mode Analysis and Surrogate Model
Authors: Yilmaz Adem , Acikgoz Hulusi , El-Rouby Alaa E.
Published: July 2022

A novel approach is applied to obtain a desired pattern for a perfect electric plate with two ports. The location of ports is decided with the help of characteristic mode analysis. Two capacitive coupling elements are chosen to be used as excitation. The magnitude and phase of each excitation are obtained by the Bayesian inference method. In order to avoid complexity of computational design, a surrogate model, which is based on polynomial chaos expansion, is built. The surrogate model is ensured to mimic the computational model over 90%. Then, the desired pattern is compared with the synthesized one, and it is seen that the two patterns fit very well to each other and the correlation between the two patterns is above 0.9.
A Wrench-Shaped UWB Antenna Yielding Dual Notched Bands for WLAN Application
Authors: Ding Tongyu , Wang Mengyu , Guo Jie , Zhang Liang , Xiao Jun
Published: July 2022

A wrench-shaped ultrawideband (UWB) antenna with dual notched bands is proposed and investigated. The antenna has a wrench-shaped patch and two T-shaped slots on the ground, realizing the required UWB band. To achieve the dual notched band characteristics in upper and lower wireless local area network (WLAN) bands, an Omega-shaped slot is etched on the feedline and a novel composite right/left-handed electromagnetic bandgap (CRLH-EBG) structure is built on the ground. Measured results present an operating frequency band from 3.04 to 11.4 GHz, with two notched bands of 5.1–5.4 GHz (uplink of WLAN band) and 5.7−5.985.7-5.98 GHz (downlink of WLAN band), respectively. Both measured and simulated results of the proposed antenna are exhibited, promising that the antenna applies to UWB applications and can precisely overcome WLAN interference.
Reduced Modeling for Electromagnetic Coupling to Randomly Wiring Automotive Cable Harness
Authors: Xiao Pei , Li Jiawei , Zhang Chao , Li Jinxin , Li Gaosheng
Published: July 2022

The random wiring of automotive cable harness makes electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) analysis of the whole vehicle very complicated; thus, this paper proposes a simplification modeling technique to model the electromagnetic (EM) illumination on automotive cable harness. First, the stochastic process theory is applied to determine the cable route in a randomly bundling way. Then, the inductance and capacitance parameters of the cable harness at different location are established according to multiconductor transmission lines network (MTLN) theory. On this basis, the simplification modeling technique is developed to generate the electrical and geometrical parameters of the equivalent cable model. Finally, a model of shielded nine-conductor with randomly twisted and a model of unshielded nine-conductor with stochastic wiring in the vehicle are performed to validate the proposed approach by full-wave simulation. The presented method simplifies the complexity of modeling the complete cable harness significantly with a good accuracy.
Optimization and design of a diffuse optical wireless sensor network
Authors: Kamalakis Thomas , Ghassemlooy Zabih , Zvanovec Stanislav , Alves Luis Nero , Khalighi Mohammad
Published: July 2022

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are currently being deployed in everyday objects to collect and transmit information related to humidity, temperature, heartbeat, motion, etc. Such networks are part of the massive machine-type communication (mMTC) scenario within the fifth/sixth generation of wireless networks. In this paper, we consider the optimization and design of an optical WSN composed of multiple battery-powered sensor nodes based on light-emitting diode transmitters. Extending our previous work, we take into account both line-of-sight and diffuse-light propagation, and show that in indoor scenarios, diffuse radiation can improve link availability under shadowing/blocking and extend battery life. In order to optimize the optical wireless link parameters, we use a machine-learning approach based on a genetic algorithm to ascertain the performance limits of the system. The presented results indicate that the proposed system is a viable wireless option for WSNs within the context of mMTC.
Tunable surface plasmon resonance sensor based on graphene-coated photonic crystal fiber in terahertz
Authors: Wang Doudou , Zhang Yue , Qi Yihan , Tian Jiangkun , Yue Shuai , Ma Tian
Published: July 2022

A terahertz surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is designed based on photonic crystal fiber (PCF). Graphene is selectively coated in the cladding hole of the PCF and used as plasmonic material. The coupling mechanism, loss properties, tunability, and refractive index sensing performance of the designed SPR sensor are investigated using the finite element method. The peak of the loss spectrum corresponding to the SPR frequency can be dynamically tuned by adjusting graphene’s chemical potential, and a tuning sensitivity of 767.5 GHz/eV is obtained. The SPR frequency red shifts linearly with an increase in the refractive index of analyte from 1.0 to 1.5. An average frequency sensitivity of 208.14 GHz/RIU is obtained. This research provides theoretical guidance for the design of terahertz in-fiber SPR sensors and filters.
Deep learning phase-unwrapping method based on adaptive noise evaluation
Authors: Xie Xianming , Tian Xianhui , Shou Zhaoyu , Zeng Qingning , Wang Guofu , Huang Qingnan , Qin Mingwei , Gao Xi
Published: July 2022

To address the problem of phase unwrapping for interferograms, a deep learning (DL) phase-unwrapping method based on adaptive noise evaluation is proposed to retrieve the unwrapped phase from the wrapped phase. First, this method uses a UNet3+ as the skeleton and combines with a residual neural network to build a network model suitable for unwrapping wrapped fringe patterns. Second, an adaptive noise level evaluation system for interferograms is designed to estimate the noise level of the interferograms by integrating phase quality maps and phase residues of the interferograms. Then, multiple training datasets with different noise levels are used to train the DL network to achieve the trained networks suitable for unwrapping interferograms with different noise levels. Finally, the interferograms are unwrapped by the trained networks with the same noise levels as the interferograms to be unwrapped. The results with simulated and experimental interferograms demonstrate that the proposed networks can obtain the popular unwrapped phase from the wrapped phase with different noise levels and show good robustness in the experiments of phase unwrapping for different types of fringe patterns.
Spatially resolving amplitude and phase of light with a reconfigurable photonic integrated circuit
Authors: Bütow Johannes , Eismann Jörg S. , Milanizadeh Maziyar , Morichetti Francesco , Melloni Andrea , Miller David A. B. , Banzer Peter
Published: July 2022

Photonic integrated circuits play a pivotal role in many applications. Particularly powerful are circuits based on meshes of reconfigurable Mach–Zehnder interferometers as they enable active processing of light. This meets demands accross different fields, from communication to signal and information processing and sensor applications. Here, we use a reconfigurable photonic integrated circuit to realize a spatially resolving detector of amplitudes and phases of an electromagnetic field distribution. This is achieved by optically sampling free-space beams with a carefully designed input interface and subsequently processing the resulting on-chip light within the photonic mesh of interferometers. To perform measurements of this kind, we develop and experimentally implement a versatile method for the calibration and operation of such integrated photonics based detectors. Our technique works in a wide parameter range, even when running the chip off the design wavelength. Amplitude, phase, and polarization sensitive measurements are of enormous importance in modern science and technology, providing a vast range of applications for such integrated detectors.
Forecasting the elimination of active trachoma: An empirical model
Authors: Renneker Kristen K. , Emerson Paul M. , Hooper P. J. , Ngondi Jeremiah M.
Published: July 2022

Background

Great progress has been made toward the elimination of trachoma as a public-health problem. Mathematical and statistical models have been used to forecast when the program will attain the goal of the elimination of active trachoma, defined as prevalence of trachomatous inflammation—follicular in 1–9 year olds (TF1–9) <5%. Here we use program data to create an empirical model predicting the year of attaining global elimination of TF1–9.

Methodology/Principal findings

We calculated the mean number of years (95% CI) observed for an implementation unit (IU) to move from a baseline TF1–9prevalence ≥5% to the elimination threshold, based on the region (Ethiopia vs. non-Ethiopia) and baseline prevalence category. Ethiopia IUs had significantly different rates of reaching the TF1–9elimination threshold after a trachoma impact survey (TIS) compared to non-Ethiopia IUs across all baseline categories. We used those estimates to predict when remaining active trachoma-endemic IUs (TF1–9≥5%) would have their last round of mass drug administration (MDA) based on the mean number of years required and number of MDA rounds already completed. Our model predicts that elimination of TF1–9will be achieved in 2028 in Ethiopia (95% CI: 2026–2033) and 2029 outside of Ethiopia (95% CI: 2023–2034), with some IUs in East Africa predicted to be the last requiring MDA globally.

Conclusions/Significance

Our empirical estimate is similar to those resulting from previous susceptible-infectious-susceptible (SIS) and mathematical models, suggesting that the forecast achievement of TF1–9elimination is realistic with the caveat that although disease elimination progress can be predicted for most IUs, there is an important minority of IUs that is not declining or has not yet started trachoma elimination activities. These IUs represent an important barrier to the timely global elimination of active trachoma.
Modelling to infer the role of animals in gambiense human African trypanosomiasis transmission and elimination in the DRC
Authors: Crump Ronald E. , Huang Ching-I , Spencer Simon E. F. , Brown Paul E. , Shampa Chansy , Mwamba Miaka Erick , Rock Kat S.
Published: July 2022

Gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT) has been targeted for elimination of transmission (EoT) to humans by 2030. Whilst this ambitious goal is rapidly approaching, there remain fundamental questions about the presence of non-human animal transmission cycles and their potential role in slowing progress towards, or even preventing, EoT. In this study we focus on the country with the most gHAT disease burden, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and use mathematical modelling to assess whether animals may contribute to transmission in specific regions, and if so, how their presence could impact the likelihood and timing of EoT.

By fitting two model variants—one with, and one without animal transmission—to the human case data from 2000–2016 we estimate model parameters for 158 endemic health zones of the DRC. We evaluate the statistical support for each model variant in each health zone and infer the contribution of animals to overall transmission and how this could impact predicted time to EoT.

We conclude that there are 24/158 health zones where there is substantial to decisive statistical support for some animal transmission. However—even in these regions—we estimate that animals would be extremely unlikely to maintain transmission on their own. Animal transmission could hamper progress towards EoT in some settings, with projections under continuing interventions indicating that the number of health zones expected to achieve EoT by 2030 reduces from 68/158 to 61/158 if animal transmission is included in the model. With supplementary vector control (at a modest 60% tsetse reduction) added to medical screening and treatment interventions, the predicted number of health zones meeting the goal increases to 147/158 for the model including animal transmission. This is due to the impact of vector reduction on transmission to and from all hosts.
Patterns of microbial communities were shaped by bioavailable P along the elevation gradient of Shergyla Mountain, as determined by analysis of phospholipid fatty acids
Authors: Ba Duo , Qimei Duoji , Zhao Wei , Wang Yang
Published: July 2022

The distribution pattern of the microbial community in mountains is an important component of biodiversity research. Many environmental factors vary significantly with elevation on a relatively small scale in subalpine and alpine environments. These factors may markedly affect microbial community composition and function. In this study, we analyzed phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles and phosphorus (P) fractions in soils from 9 sites along an elevation gradient (3500–4100 m above sea level (a.s.l.)) of the Shergyla Mountain, Tibet in China. Many biomarker PLFAs indicated that there were biogeochemical trends of the microbial distribution patterns of some soil microorganisms, which were most often increasing, U-shaped and unimodal trends along the elevation gradient. A redundancy analysis (RDA) and correlations indicated that P factors (e.g., Resin-Pi, NaHCO3-Pi and NaHCO3-Po) were more important in controlling the microbial PLFA distribution pattern than other factors (e.g., MAT, MAP, pH, TOC, TN and soil moisture) in this study area. Microorganisms are strongly associated with P fractions. Our results suggested that microbial communities were subjected to P stresses and that the distribution patterns of microbial communities were shaped by bioavailable P along the elevation gradient. Our work also hints that P geochemical processes drive the microbial diversity of the Shergyla Mountains.
Stepped treatment algorithm using budesonide-formoterol for chronic respiratory diseases: A single arm interventional study
Authors: Huang Wan-Chun , Fox Greg J. , Pham Ngoc Yen , Nguyen Thu Anh , Vu Van Giap , Nguyen Viet Nhung , Jan Stephen , Negin Joel , Ngo Quy Chau , Marks Guy B.
Published: July 2022

Background

While the safety and efficacy of inhaled budesonide-formoterol, used as-needed for symptoms, has been established for patients with asthma, it has not been trialed in undifferentiated patients with chronic respiratory diseases. We aimed to assess the feasibility of a pragmatic intervention that entails a stepped algorithm using inhaled budesonide-formoterol (dry powder inhaler, 160μg/4.5μg per dose) for patients presenting with chronic respiratory diseases to three rural district hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Methods

We recruited patients with evidence of airflow obstruction on spirometry and/or symptoms consistent with asthma. The algorithm consisted of three steps: 1. as-needed inhaled budesonide-formoterol for symptoms, 2. maintenance plus as-needed inhaled budesonide-formoterol, and 3. referral to a higher-level healthcare facility. All participants started at step 1, with escalation to the next step at review visits if there had been exacerbation(s) or inadequate symptom control. Patients were followed for 12 months.

Results

Among 313 participants who started the treatment algorithm, 47.2% had ≥ 1 episode of acute respiratory symptoms requiring a visit to hospital or clinic and 35.4% were diagnosed with an exacerbation. Twelve months after enrolment, 50.7% still adhered to inhaled budesonide-formoterol at the recommended treatment step. The mean and median number of doses per day was 1.5 (standard deviation 1.2) doses and 1.3 (interquartile range 0.7–2.3) doses, respectively. The proportion of patients taking more than 800μg budesonide per day was 3.8%.

Conclusion

This novel therapeutic algorithm is feasible for patients with chronic respiratory diseases in a rural setting in Vietnam. Further studies are required to establish the effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of similar approaches in different settings.

Trial registration

ACTRN12619000554167.
Monitoring the transition to open access through its mode of implementation: A principal component analysis of two surveys
Authors: Kurata Keiko , Yokoi Keiko , Morioka Tomoko , Minami Yukiko , Kawai Masashi
Published: July 2022

Open access (OA) is transforming scholarly communication. Various modes of OA implementation have emerged, which reflect the complexity surrounding OA development. This study aimed to examine this development from the perspective of how OA is implemented. The sample comprised 2,368 randomly selected articles published in 2013 and 2,999 published in 2018 indexed in the Web of Science. We also conducted searches in Google and Google Scholar in 2015 for articles published in 2013 and in 2020 for articles published in 2018. Selected articles were categorized as either an “OA article,” “electronic subscription journal article,” or “not available online.” OA articles were classified into 10 implementation modes: Gold, Hybrid, Delayed, Bronze, Subject Repositories, Institutional Repositories, Personal/Institutional Websites, Academic Social Networks (ASNs), Others, and Web Aggregator. Overall, 56.5% of all sampled articles in 2013 were available for free on at least one website in 2015, while 61.7% of all sampled articles in 2018 were freely available on at least one website in 2020. Concerning implementation mode, ASNs had the highest frequency (44.4% in 2015 and 56.0% in 2020), followed by Subject Repositories (35.0% in 2015 and 39.6% in 2020) and Gold (24.1% in 2015 and 37.4% in 2020). To obtain an overview of OA implementation, we conducted principal component analysis with OA implementation mode as the variable for both 2015 and 2020. The first principal component was the axis indicating the number of overlapping OA implementations for each article in 2015 and 2020, while the second principal component was the axis orthogonal to the first, which was difficult to interpret. We identified three groups of OA implementation in each plot of the principal component scores for articles in 2015 and 2020; however, the OA implementation of each group differed in 2015 and 2020. This diversity reflects the respective positions of various stakeholders regarding OA.
Whole-body sensorimotor skill learning in football players: No evidence for motor transfer effects
Authors: Maudrich Tom , Kandt Hannah , Ragert Patrick , Kenville Rouven
Published: July 2022

Besides simple movement sequences, precise whole-body motor sequences are fundamental for top athletic performance. It has long been questioned whether athletes have an advantage when learning new whole-body motor sequences. In a previous study, we did not find any superior learning or transfer effects of strength and endurance athletes in a complex whole-body serial reaction time task (CWB-SRTT). In the present study, we aimed to extend this research by increasing the overlap of task requirements between CWB-SRTT and a specific sports discipline. For this purpose, we assessed differences between football players and non-athletes during motor sequence learning using CWB-SRTT. 15 non-athletes (CG) and 16 football players (FG) performed the CWB-SRTT over 2 days separated by one week. Median reaction times and movement times were analyzed as well as differences in sequence-specific CWB-SRTT learning rates and retention. Our findings did not reveal any differences in sequence-specific or non-sequence-specific improvement, nor retention rates between CG and FG. We speculate that this might relate to a predominately cognitive-induced learning effect during CWB-SRTT which negates the assumed motor advantage of the football players.
Chicken Soup for the Postmodern Soul: Philosophizing Spike Jonze’s Her Through the Lens of Evolving Modernity
Authors: Basak Oishika , Goswami Abhiraj
Published: July 2022

Spike Jonze’s Her is a dystopian fiction that envisages a world wherein machine sentience has achieved the capacity to replace human experiences thereby leading to an ontological crisis of emotions and the inability to ground one’s thoughts in objective reality. While on the surface, the cinema displays the characteristic traits of a melancholic romantic drama with subtle futuristic elements, this article, however, explores the darker side of Jonze’s screenplay and the dominant political and philosophical ideas that come with it, thereby deciphering the nuances of what Jonze strives to put forward: a forewarning of the times that are approaching. This article also attempts at characterizing the world of Her by identifying the trajectory of late capitalism, alienation, and the realm of the simulation, all of which are critical themes that must be taken into account so as to make sense of the ethical dilemmas that technologically developed societies will have to face in the future. This research has been carried out through the analysis of articles, journals, interviews, reviews, and other secondary data sources available.
The Paradise Theater (1941–1951): African American Movie Palaces and the 1943 Racial Uprising in Detroit
Authors: Meinecke Drew
Published: July 2022

This article reveals how the Paradise Theater culturally and socially impacted the lives of the surrounding Black population in Detroit between 1941 and 1951. Firstly, this article examines the programming of the Paradise Theater—especially its live performers/exhibitionists—and specifically highlights the significance of the Paradise Theater’s all-Black stage show policy. Secondly, this article demonstrates how factors such as the Detroit Uprising of 1943 caused the Paradise Theater to transition from a mixed-race house to a primarily Black space. Finally, this article discusses the many philanthropic efforts of the Paradise Theater, which impacted not only Black Detroit, but the entire nation.
How Capitalism Ends Humanity
Authors: Anton Miles
Published: July 2022

“How Capitalism Ends Humanity” compares two texts, Fritz Lang’s Metropolis (1927) and Alice W. Fuller’s “A Wife Manufactured to Order” (1895), and foregrounds their arguments about how capitalism and humanity cannot coexist. In Metropolis, the inhumane practices of capitalist rulers and enforced mechanical behavior of the factory workers demonstrate this tension. In “A Wife Manufactured to Order,” the commercialization of robot women does so. This analysis concludes that, ultimately, all participants in capitalism (i.e. laborers, owners, and consumers) will reject capitalism for real humanity. The “capitalism vs. humanity” lens can be used to project future backlash to advancements in artificial intelligence.
Corredores etnoambientais em Terras Indígenas
Authors: Maia Aveiro Cessa Raphael , Medeiros Lustosa Junior Ilvan , Gimenes Rodrigues Silva Felipe , Magno Moreira de Oliveira Carlos , Do Amaral Uira
Published: July 2022

Trabalhos que adotam estratégias para garantir o fluxo da biodiversidade bem como facilitar a conectividade entre etnias alocadas em Terras Indígenas (TI’s) distantes podem ser denominados corredores etnoambientais (CEa’s). Este trabalho objetivou criar propostas de CEa’s entre as TI’s Urubu Branco e Tapirapé/Karajá localizadas no estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, inseridas nos biomas brasileiros Amazônia e Cerrado. Inicialmente foram obtidas as imagens em formato raster referentes a declividade, áreas de proteção permanente (APP) e uso do solo. As referidas imagens foram posteriormente reclassificadas para suas respectivas imagens matriciais de custo. De posse das imagens matriciais de custo, realizou-se as suas multiplicações pelos seus respectivos pesos estatísticos, com intuito de obter-se uma imagem matricial de custo total. Para estabelecimento dos CEa’s fez-se necessário, por meio da imagem matricial de custo total, obterem-se as imagens de distância de custo e a de direção de custo. Por fim, com uso das imagens de custo da distância e custo de direção e dos perímetros vetorizados das TI’s gerou-se uma imagem raster dos CEa’s, a qual foi convertida para arquivo vetorial. A largura dos CEa’s foi fixada em 10% dos seus comprimentos totais de acordo com a Resolução CONAMA n°9, de 24 de outubro de 1996. Foram propostos dois Corredores Etnoambientais (CEa’s) principais que partem da porção norte e central da TI Urubu Branco, os quais subdividem-se respectivamente em dois CEa’s terminados na porção norte e outros dois CEa’s terminados na porção norte e sul da TI Tapirapé/Karajá. De todas as associações propostas entre CEa’s principais e suas subdivisões, nenhuma tem em sua área participação menor que 50% de área de vegetação nativa. No entanto, as associações de CEa’s envolvendo o Corredor Principal Centro possivelmente são mais efetivos ao fluxo de indígenas e da biodiversidade, uma vez que a porcentagem de vegetação nativa presente em suas áreas é relativamente maior, quando comparada àquela observada nas associações de CEa’s envolvendo o Corredor Principal Norte.
Análisis del acoso laboral desde la perspectiva del Trabajo Social: poder y liderazgo como antecedentes de acoso
Authors: Díaz-García Orlanda , Fernández de Castro Patricia
Published: July 2022

Introducción. Desde el Trabajo Social, con una perspectiva psicosocial, se investiga el acoso laboral (mobbing, acoso moral o acoso psicológico) en la estructura organizacional de los ayuntamientos españoles. Este punto de vista nos permite contemplar la realidad de las relaciones laborales desde una visión holística, integradora de los distintos aspectos que afectan al objeto de estudio. La prevalencia del acoso laboral en la Administración Pública española y los efectos nocivos de este problema justifican esta investigación. Dichos efectos se traducen tanto en problemas de salud para las personas afectadas como en la reducción de efectividad y productividad para las organizaciones. Se dispone de un importante volumen de datos empíricos sobre los antecedentes implicados en el proceso de acoso laboral. Sin embargo, no se han encontrado este tipo de investigaciones sobre los ayuntamientos. Existe un amplio acuerdo en las investigaciones psicosociales en señalar que factores como el poder y el liderazgo juegan un papel clave en el acoso en las relaciones laborales, considerando que el punto de partida está en el abuso de poder y, estrechamente ligado a él, determinados tipos de liderazgo. Por eso, este estudio ha analizado estos factores en la legislación actual. El objetivo es explorar sistemáticamente la configuración normativa de la estructura organizacional de los ayuntamientos, para analizar su relación con los factores involucrados en la aparición del acoso laboral, específicamente el poder y el liderazgo. Metodología. Para ello, la metodología utilizada es el Análisis de Contenido. Se analizan todas las normas que establecen la estructura organizacional del ayuntamiento, teniendo en cuenta todas las áreas en las que sus recursos humanos pueden verse afectados. Resultados. Los resultados muestran que la regulación actual de la estructura organizacional de los ayuntamientos no trata la prevención del acoso laboral en cuanto a los factores poder y liderazgo y que resulta compatible con la aparición del problema. Discusión. Se discuten las posibilidades de intervención eficaz contra el acoso en la actual estructura de la entidad. Conclusiones. Se concluye que, el tratamiento formal que se da a estos factores en la legislación que establece la organización y estructura de los ayuntamientos, permite la promoción del problema que se investiga.
Soledad y bienestar emocional en mujeres mayores. Diversas experiencias durante el confinamiento en Bilbao
Authors: Lozano Benito Ariane , Gallardo Peralta Lorena Patricia
Published: July 2022

Introducción. Durante la pandemia COVID-19 todas las personas han experimentado restricciones en sus vínculos sociales, no obstante, las personas mayores han vivido situaciones más extremas dado que ha sido el colectivo de mayor riesgo. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la incidencia de la soledad, emocional y social, en mujeres mayores durante el periodo de confinamiento en España, evaluando posibles diferencias según estructura del hogar y tipo de convivencia y ahondando en la experiencia del confinamiento y las repercusiones en el bienestar de las mujeres mayores. Metodología. Estudio de corte mixto con un diseño transversal y un alcance descriptivo, en el que participaron treinta mujeres mayores de Bilbao, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas para valorar el bienestar psicosocial y especialmente el sentimiento de soledad. Resultados. Los resultados indican que hay diferencias en el sentimiento de soledad por estructura del hogar, quienes viven solas suelen sentir más soledad. Las mujeres mayores han experimentado más soledad emocional que soledad social durante el confinamiento. Igualmente, durante el periodo de confinamiento las mujeres han visto afectada su salud mental y física. Discusión. La estructura del hogar es un elemento central en el análisis del bienestar en la vejez, en este estudio los hogares unipersonales presentan mayor riesgo a desencadenar soledad. Igualmente, se confirma en este estudio la tendencia a relaciones sociales con menos intimidad durante la pandemia que potencian los sentimientos de incomprensión, tristeza e inseguridad, de allí, que los datos adviertan una mayor soledad emocional. Asimismo, los sentimientos de soledad son complejos al incluir factores emocionales y sociales, por lo que requieren un tratamiento más integral. Conclusiones. La pandemia ha acentuado un cambio en las relaciones sociales afectando principalmente a las personas mayores y desencadenando mayor soledad emocional. Desde el Trabajo Social Gerontológico es necesario avanzar en la inclusión de la perspectiva feminista gerontológica y del modelo de envejecimiento en el lugar, ambas propuestas teóricas permiten un abordaje integral e idóneo para la compresión e intervención de la soledad.
Efectos de la migración en el ejercicio de la parentalidad desde las voces de las familias latinoamericanas en Canarias
Authors: Gutiérrez Rodríguez Nauzet , Álvarez Lorenzo Miriam , Rodrigo López María Josefa
Published: July 2022

Introducción. El estudio explora cambios producidos en el ejercicio parental percibidos por las familias latinoamericanas tras la migración a Canarias. Se parte de una perspectiva ecológica-sistémica y de los modelos teóricos sistémicos de la aculturación por ser enfoques claves en la comprensión del fenómeno. Metodología. Se ha utilizado una metodología cualitativa. Se realizaron tres grupos de entrevistas en profundidad a nueve padres y madres migrantes con al menos un hijo/a menor de doce años residiendo con ellos en Canarias, procedentes de Cuba, Venezuela y Colombia, usuarios/as de servicios comunitarios (ONG y Servicios Sociales de base) de Tenerife. Resultados. Los resultados han revelado la presencia de tres constructos principales en el discurso: la familia, los sistemas formales de apoyo y el ajuste cultural divididos en once temas. En la familia, se destacan diferencias en las pautas educativas, considerándose estrictos y rígidos en la educación de sus hijos/as, problemas de conciliación de la vida laboral y familiar, desempleo, precariedad económica y vivienda, necesidad de regular su situación administrativa, falta de apoyos informales (e.g. de la familia extensa) y la resiliencia familiar adquirida tras la migración. En los apoyos formales de sanidad, educación, servicios sociales y comunitarios perciben barreras de acceso, pero buena calidad en la atención tanto para ellos como para sus hijos e hijas. Finalmente, se ha constatado el choque cultural en las figuras parentales, la socialización bicultural en los hijos e hijas y la sensación de seguridad del entorno en el país de acogida. Discusión. Se manifiesta en el discurso la relación de interdependencia e influencia bidireccional que existe entre los sistemas y el proceso de aculturación. Se confirma que la experiencia migratoria produce modificaciones en el sistema familiar, la relevancia de las redes apoyos institucionales en su bienestar social y los ajustes culturales de los progenitores como de sus hijos/as para la adaptación de ambas culturas. Conclusiones. Se destacan cambios en el ejercicio parental en los distintos sistemas tras la migración, la necesidad de mejoras en la implicación institucional y el apoyo profesional a las familias migrantes en su función parental tras experimentar un proceso migratorio, destacándose para ello el papel fundamental del Trabajo Social.
Paulo Freire y Trabajo Social en España: análisis socio-histórico y contribuciones para el contexto actual
Authors: Oliver Perelló Miguel Angel , Alves Carrara Virgínia , Matos-Silveira Rosana
Published: July 2022

Introducción. El reconocimiento de Paulo Freire como una de las más importantes e influyentes figuras en el ámbito educativo a nivel mundial, resulta hoy incuestionable. Ahora bien, lo que quizás resulta menos divulgado, o caído en todo caso en el olvido en las últimas décadas, es su presencia en la profesión de Trabajo Social, particularmente fuera de América Latina. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo mostrar la entrada y presencia de Freire en la profesión de Trabajo Social en España, especialmente significativa en los años 70, y al mismo tiempo destacar como, las condiciones del contexto y realidad social actual, que exige desarrollar un enfoque crítico del mismo, permiten afirmar la vigencia e importancia de las aportaciones realizadas por Freire a lo largo de su trayectoria. Metodología. Las reflexiones aquí presentadas son el resultado de un estudio, en el marco de una investigación internacional, desarrollada desde una metodología cualitativa, que parte de dos líneas de recogida de datos. La primera, fuentes documentales-bibliográficas, relacionadas con el contenido de Jornadas y Congresos de Asistentes Sociales celebrados en los años 70 en España, y la segunda, a través de la realización de entrevistas en profundidad a trabajadoras sociales de la época. Resultados. Los datos indican que en la década de los 70 la influencia de las obras de Paulo Freire ha sido significativa para las trabajadoras sociales militantes activas en las asociaciones vecinales de los barrios populares y en los movimientos de resistencia anti-dictadura. Discusión y conclusiones. Discutimos los límites y posibilidades del pensamiento de Freire para la profesión de Trabajo Social, en los campos de la formación y la práctica profesional, y concluimos sobre la actualidad de sus obras en una profesión que, si pretende abandonar su carácter benéfico, precisa apostar también en los momentos actuales, por una concienciación social que permita obtener cambios significativos en la intervención social y en la propia realidad social.
¿Separación o preservación familiar? Las actitudes y creencias como fuentes de evidencia para la toma de decisiones en organizaciones de protección infantil
Authors: Mosteiro Pascual Amaia , Sobremonte Mendicuti Emma
Published: July 2022

Introducción. La complejidad de las decisiones en protección infantil, especialmente la relacionada con la posibilidad de separar a un niño o niña de su familia biológica es una preocupación recurrente tanto en la práctica como en la literatura científica. Uno de los fenómenos en los que se ha puesto el foco ha sido en la variabilidad a la hora de tomar decisiones entre los profesionales y en comprender cómo y en función de qué factores se plantean los juicios y las recomendaciones de intervención. Metodología. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar, mediante una metodología cuantitativa, la variabilidad en las decisiones de los profesionales de protección infantil en el País Vasco con respecto a la aplicación de medidas de preservación o de separación familiar, estudiando para ello, sus actitudes y creencias, así como el contexto organizacional. Se obtuvieron 204 respuestas de profesionales que trabajan en distintas organizaciones tanto públicas como privadas. Resultados. Existe variabilidad en las decisiones de los profesionales ante la viñeta planteada y se observan diferencias significativas en función de las actitudes con respecto al sistema de protección, de las creencias sobre el riesgo de las alternativas de intervención y de la organización. Discusión. La decisión por la que se opta tiene que ver con las actitudes que tienen hacia ella u otras similares y con el riesgo o el beneficio que perciben en ella. Así, los profesionales que optan por la preservación familiar tienen actitudes más favorables hacia esta medida y perciben menos el riesgo de aplicarla que los profesionales que optan por la separación. Además, se observa una tendencia homogeneizadora de las decisiones en algunos contextos organizacionales y, especialmente, en los servicios sociales de base donde la variabilidad desaparece casi por completo. Conclusiones. Todo juicio y decisión profesional pasa por un filtro valorativo personal y organizacional que se erige en una fuente de evidencia más, además de los conocimientos teóricos y técnicos. Para reducir la variabilidad en las decisiones es necesario poner el foco en variables personales que han de ser tenidas en cuenta en la formación y los espacios de supervisión profesional. Se destaca la importancia de seguir investigando los juicios y las decisiones de intervención en los contextos organizacionales para comprender el rol que juegan la visión y misión organizacional en la práctica profesional.
Linfoma MALT de glándula parótida. Revisión sistemática
Authors: Fernández-García Guillermo , Salom-Coveñas Carmen
Published: July 2022

Introducción y objetivo: Los linfomas de la glándula parótida son una entidad infrecuente. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar una revisión sistemática retrospectiva de la literatura sobre casos clínicos de linfomas MALT parotídeos. Se revisa su epidemiología y clínica más habitual, los métodos diagnósticos y tratamiento empleados y su pronóstico. Método: Revisión bibliográfica sistemática. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 28 estudios originales de casos o series, de los cuales 10 incluyeron más de 25 pacientes. Todos mostraron mayor incidencia en mujeres, en consonancia con su asociación con la presencia de enfermedades autoinmunes, específicamente con el síndrome de Sjögren. Los estudios evidenciaron la dificultad en el diagnóstico diferencial de otras patologías parotídeas. El tratamiento varió entre estudios, sin mostrar ninguno de ellos un claro beneficio respecto de los demás. Discusión: Se trata de un tipo de LNH relacionado principalmente con inflamación autoinmune crónica en el caso de aparición en glándulas salivales. Se presenta como una tumoración asintomática e inespecífica de crecimiento lento. Se diagnostica por su histología y se estudia su extensión mediante TC o RM en la mayoría de los casos. El tratamiento se realiza mediante parotidectomía asociada a quimioterapia y/o radioterapia. La tasa de supervivencia es >80% a los 5 años. Conclusiones: Los linfomas MALT de glándulas salivales son poco habituales y ocasionalmente se diagnostican de manera inadecuada debido a su comportamiento benigno, que mimetiza a tumores más familiares del área parotídea. Su sospecha y distinción son esenciales y no debe olvidarse en el diagnóstico diferencial de masas parotídeas.