bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN MATEMATIS SISWA PADA POKOK BAHASAN BANGUN RUANG
Authors: Jarmita Nida
Published: January 2017

Quasi-experimental study design with the pre-test and post-test is aimed to obtain objectiveinformation about the effectiveness of cooperative learning type STAD in improving students' mathematical understanding of class V MIN. The population of this study is student of class VMIN in the city of Banda Aceh. Based on the results of data analysis, improving the ability ofmathematical understanding in the experimental class and control class is quietly different in terms of level of school (good, adequate and low). The difference increased capability is then tested statistically by ANOVA test using two pathways with significance level (α) = 0,05. From the results of different test can be concluded that the increased understanding ofmathematical abilities of students through cooperative learning type STAD better than on improving the understanding of mathematical abilities of students through conventional learning.
DINAMIKA SISTEM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI DAYAH
Authors: Mashuri Mashuri
Published: January 2017

Dayah (Islamic boarding school) is the oldest institution in Aceh. It has a positive contribution toward citizen’s capacity building of Aceh, especially in the context of internalizing the Islamic teaching that acts as a social control in Aceh community. Formerly, the form of education in dayah still follow a traditional system, yet, along with the massive development of science and technology, it has adapted with the current situation without ignoring the old system. Many changes occur either in its physic and non-physic form.
MENATA FIQH DAKWAH DALAM PENYULUHAN
Authors: Saleh Fauzi
Published: January 2017

Social problems appeared because of unawareness of the case root. Ifit can be traced back, it makes easier to cure as social therapy. Islamicconcept of this called da’wah that not only by mean of preaching butthe attitude and action. Fiqh da’wah (model of preaching) in Islammust be based on the principle and method. Among the principle arebil hikmah (wisdom), maw’idhah (lesson) and mujadalah bil hasan(the good way of debate). Meanwhile da’wah should be based on themanagement such planning, acting and evaluating. Da’wah withoutthese principles and methods will be effective especially in this era.
ANALISIS POTENSI PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT BERBASIS MASJID DI KOTA BANDA ACEH
Authors: Kamaruddin Kamaruddin
Published: January 2017

Mosque-based economic empowerment aims to increase the independence and well-being in which the mosque is expected to meet the financial needs independently and it is instrumental in creating a prosperous society. Economic empowerment of local communities is not limited to business - of producing goods and services but also includes training and mentoring, financing or access to capital and market access. This study examines the potential of mosque in the city of Banda Aceh and also provides an overview of the opportunities and challenges in the community empowerment such as: (i) human resources, (ii) institutional capacity (iii) social integrity (iv) SME business climate and surrounding environment and (v) stakeholders support.
EFEKTIFITAS PENERAPAN QANUN NOMOR 14 TAHUN 2003 TENTANG KHALWAT DI KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR
Authors: Faisal Faisal
Published: January 2017

The Government of Aceh form Qanun No. 14 of 2003 on Klalwat (seclusion) by Regulation No. 5 of 2000 on the implementation of Shari'ah. In the regulation stated that the Islamic Sharia Qanun No. 14 of 2003 on Seclusion / Impropriety, defined as "the act of seclusion between two people mukallaf or more of the opposite sex who is not mahram or without marriage. Based on the research conducted through the application of Qanun No. 14 of 2003 approach on khlawat (sordid) has brought some changes in the social order of Aceh Besar. The fundamental change can be seen from the reducing of adultery level in society. It means that the implementation of the Qanun No. 14 of 2003 on Khalwat in Aceh Besar effective.
Salivary Alpha Amylase, Dental Anxiety, and Extraction Pain: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lee Kevin C. , Bassiur Jennifer P.
Published: January 2017

The primary intention of this study was to determine whether salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) factors or the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) was a better predictor of dental extraction pain. This study followed a cross-sectional design and included a convenience sample (n = 23) recruited from an outpatient oral surgery clinic. While waiting for their scheduled appointments, consenting patients completed both basic demographic/medical history questionnaires and Corah's DAS as well as submitted sublingual saliva samples. After their extractions, patients marked visual analog scales (VAS) to indicate the intensity of their intraoperative discomfort. Results of this study confirm that there is a relationship between a patient's dental anxiety and intraoperative extraction pain (r[21] = .47, P = .02). This study did not find that preoperative sAA factors (concentration and output rate) were related to either VAS extraction pain or DAS score. A strong positive relationship was observed between the concentration of sAA and the rate of sAA output (r[21] = .81, P < .001). Based on the results of our study, we conclude that dental anxiety has a moderate but significant correlation with intraoperative dental pain. Factors of sAA do not appear to be predictive of this experience. Therefore, simply assessing an anxious patient may be the best indication of that patient's extraction pain.
Remifentanil Reduces Blood Loss During Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Matsuura Nobuyuki , Okamura Taiki , Ide Satoko , Ichinohe Tatsuya
Published: January 2017

Remifentanil is reported to reduce oral tissue blood flow. We performed a retrospective investigation using logistic regression analysis of anesthesia records to investigate whether the use of remifentanil infusion in a balanced anesthesia technique was useful as a primary technique to reduce blood loss during orthognathic surgery. Subjects were 80 patients who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy and sagittal split ramus osteotomy of the mandible. The variables included gender, age, weight, type of maintenance anesthetic, type and dose or infusion rate of opioid, mean systolic blood pressure (SBP-mean), coefficient of variation of systolic blood pressure (CVSBP) during surgery, mean heart rate (HR-mean), duration of surgery, total blood loss, volume of infusion used, amount of local anesthetic used, body temperature, and urine output. Gender, type of maintenance anesthetic, type of opioid, SBP-mean, CVSBP, HR-mean, and duration of surgery were used as candidates for independent variables. Logistic regression analysis was performed for the selected independent variables with the total blood loss as the dependent variable. The factors associated with the reduction of blood loss were the use of remifentanil (odds ratio, 3.112; 95% CI, 1.166–8.307; P = .023) and smaller CVSBP (odds ratio, 2.747; 95% CI, 1.07–7.053; P = .036). Use of remifentanil and smaller CVSBP were associated with a reduction of blood loss during orthognathic surgery.
Anesthetic Management of a Child With Unspecified Mitochondrial Disease in an Outpatient Dental Setting
Authors: Gordon Taylor R. , Montandon Richard J.
Published: January 2017

Mitochondrial disease (MD) represents a category of metabolic disorders with a wide range of symptoms across a variety of organ systems. It occurs with an incidence of greater than 1:5000 and can be difficult to specifically diagnose because of the variety of clinical presentations and multiple genomic origins. Although phenotypically variable, MD symptoms often include hypotonia, cardiac defects, dysautonomia, and metabolic dysfunction. Mitochondrial disease presents a unique challenge in terms of anesthetic management, as many anesthetic drugs suppress mitochondrial function. Additional considerations may need to be made in order to evaluate the patient's metabolic compensation prior to surgery. This article presents an in-depth discussion of a case involving a nearly 10-year-old boy with a history of an unspecified form of MD, who presented for endodontic treatment of tooth No. 30 under deep sedation. The article also provides a thorough review of the current literature surrounding the anesthetic management of patients with MD.
Cardiac Failure in a Trisomy 9 Patient Undergoing Anesthesia: A Case Report
Authors: Riley Cara J. , Moore Timothy , Eagelston Lauren , Burkett Dale , Auerbach Scott , Ing Richard J.
Published: January 2017

A 27-year-old female with Trisomy 9 mosaicism presented to Children's Hospital Colorado for outpatient dental surgery under general anesthesia. The patient's past medical history was also significant for premature birth, gastroesophageal reflux, scoliosis and kyphosis, obesity, and developmental delay. Per her mother's report, the patient had no cardiac issues. She had undergone multiple previous general anesthetics, some of which documented respiratory complications such as laryngospasm, bronchospasm, and possible aspiration. During this anesthetic, the patient became hypotensive on induction, with sluggish response to intravenous fluids, glycopyrrolate, and ephedrine. Her electrocardiogram demonstrated what appeared to be left bundle branch block at baseline, with possible ST segment changes after induction. Due to her abnormal reaction to the induction and subsequent treatment for hypotension, an echocardiogram was performed. The patient was found to have an ejection fraction of 25%–30%. The anesthetic was uneventful for the remainder of the procedure, and following recovery, the patient was admitted by the heart failure team for further care.
Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Anesthetic Management in the Ambulatory Setting: Part 2: Pharmacology and Guidelines for Perioperative Management
Authors: Cornelius Bryant W.
Published: January 2017

Type 2 diabetes is a disease of metabolism in which the afflicted patient cannot properly utilize carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Because the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is rapidly increasing throughout the general population, anesthesia providers must realize that a significant percentage of their patients will present with the disease. Anesthesia providers should have an intimate knowledge of the comorbidities and complications that are associated with type 2 diabetes and know the specific pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drugs used to treat the disease. Part 1 of this series on the anesthetic management of type 2 diabetes in the ambulatory theater addressed the pathology of diabetes and its comorbid disease states. Part 2 of the series now focuses on the pharmacology associated with the many medications used to treat the disorder and the most recent guidelines for blood glucose management recommended for patients in an ambulatory surgery setting.
EKSISTENSI HUKUM PIDANA ADAT DI INDONESIA: PENGKAJIAN ASAS, NORMA, TEORI, PRAKTIK DAN PROSEDURNYA
Authors: Mulyadi Lilik
Published: January 2017

Eksistensi hukum pidana adat Indonesia dikaji dari perspektif normatif (ius constitutum) diatur Pasal 18 B UUD 1945 hasil Amandemen, Pasal 1, Pasal 5 ayat (3) sub b UU Nomor 1 Drt tahun 1951, Pasal 5 ayat (1), Pasal 10 ayat (1) dan Pasal 50 ayat (1) UU Nomor 48 Tahun 2009. Kemudian secara parsial dalam daerah tertentu seperti Aceh Nangroe Darussalam diatur dalam UU Nomor 44 Tahun 1999, UU Nomor 11 Tahun 2006, berikutnya diimplementasikan dalam bentuk Qanun baik tingkat Propinsi dan Kabupaten. Di Papua, diatur dalam Pasal 50 ayat (1) UU Nomor 21 Tahun 2001. Kemudian diatur dalam Pasal 7, 8 RUU Perlindungan Masyarakat Adat Tahun 2009 yang diusulkan oleh Dewan Perwakilan Daerah dan Pasal 18 ayat (1) RUU tentang Pengakuan dan Perlindungan Hak Masyarakat Hukum Adat yang disiapkan DPR tahun 2012. Berikutnya di Bali diatur dan diimplementasikan dalam bentuk Awig-Awig Desa Adat (Pakraman) serta dari perspektif ius constituendum diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 2 ayat (1), (2) RUU KUHP Tahun 2012. Kemudian tataran asas diatur Kitab Ciwasasana atau Kitab Purwadhigama, Kitab Gajahmada, Kitab Simbur Cahaya, Kitab Kuntara Raja Niti, Kitab Lontara ‘ade’ dan awig-awig. Selain itu, dikaji dari perspektif teori, praktik dan prosedurnya ditemukan dalam bentuk Yurispudensi Mahkamah Agung RI seperti Nomor 42 K/Kr/1965 tanggal 8 Januari 1966, Putusan Mahkamah Agung RI Nomor 275 K/Pid/1983 tanggal 29 Desember 1983, Putusan Mahkamah Agung RI Nomor 1644 K/Pid/1988 tanggal 15 Mei 1991, Putusan Mahkamah Agung RI Nomor 666 K/Pid/1984 tanggal 23 Februari 1985 serta penjatuhan sanksi adat (obat adat) hakikatnya bersifat untuk pemulihan keseimbangan alam magis, pemulihan alam kosmos guna mengembalikan pada keseimbangan yang terganggu agar bersifat religio magis kembali.

Kata Kunci: hukum pidana adat, sanksi, praktek.
Infectious Zika virus in vaginal secretions from an HIV-infected woman, France, August 2016
Authors: Penot Pauline , Brichler Ségolène , Guilleminot Jean , Lascoux-Combe Caroline , Taulera Olivier , Gordien Emmanuel , Leparc-Goffart Isabelle , Molina Jean-Michel
Published: January 2017

A woman with controlled HIV infection developed in late August 2016 a pruritic rash with fever and conjunctival hyperaemia after a trip to the French Caribbean islands. On day 3 after symptom onset, Zika virus RNA was detected in plasma, urine and vaginal samples with respective viral loads of 3.8, 6.1 and 5.3 log copies/mL. Notably, we demonstrated the presence of infectious Zika virus particles in the vaginal samples by isolation in cell culture.
Ongoing outbreak of invasive and non-invasive disease due to group A Streptococcus (GAS) type emm66 among homeless and people who inject drugs in England and Wales, January to December 2016
Authors: Bundle Nick , Bubba Laura , Coelho Juliana , Kwiatkowska Rachel , Cloke Rachel , King Sarah , Rajan-Iyer Jill , Courtney-Pillinger Max , Beck Charles R , Hope Vivian , Lamagni Theresa , Brown Colin S , Jermacane Daiga , Glass Rachel , Desai Monica , Gobin Maya , Balasegaram Sooria , Anderson Charlotte
Published: January 2017

We report an outbreak of invasive and non-invasive disease due to an unusual type of Streptococcus pyogenes
(group A Streptococcus, emm66) among a vulnerable, largely homeless population in southern England and Wales, detected in September 2016. Twenty-seven confirmed cases were subsequently identified between 5 January and 29 December 2016; 20 injected drugs and six reported problematic alcohol use. To date, we have ruled out drug-related vehicles of infection and identified few common risk factors.
Light at the end of Tunnel - expectations of a bright future
Authors: Bhatta Upendra Dev
Published: January 2017

Not Available. HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue: 20Page: 1-1
The Start of Something New?
Authors: Butler Christopher
Published: January 2017

Not Available.HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue: 20Page: 17-17
Evaluation of Powerhouse Cavern for the SachKhas Hydroelectric Project in Himachal, India
Authors: Rathore Ajender , Panthi Krishna Kanta
Published: January 2017

Evaluation of an underground powerhouse cavern’s stability is a challenging task and needs to be carried out carefully by taking care of its location, orientation and dimensioning. This article deals with the stability evaluation of a large underground powerhouse cavern, which is located at the toe of the valley side slope where the depth varies between 59m (minimum) and 70m (maximum). The planned powerhouse cavern has a dimension consisting 130m length, 23m wide and 48 m high. The manuscript evaluates the extent of pre-construction phase engineering geological investigations of the project, discusses on the selection of input parameters and carries out assessment on the displacement conditions at the cavern and also assesses the extent of yielded zone at the toe slope. Finally, recommendations are suggested on the location and orientation of the powerhouse cavern, uncertainties involved in numerical analysis and boundary conditions for 2D and 3D models under gravitational field stress.HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue: 20Page: 23-30
Evaluation of the Use of Some Benthic Macro-invertebrate Multimetric Indices Associations with Environmental Variables in Ecological Assessment of Some Ethiopian Rivers
Authors: Degefe Gezahegn , Tamire Girum , Hassen Seid Mohammed , Haile Abinet
Published: January 2017

The ecological status of six selected rivers which are found around central Ethiopia and North Shewa Zone and exposed to environmental stresses at varied extent, was studied using biological quality elements (BQE). One thousand one hundred thirty three (1133) individuals of macroinvertebrates, from 22 families and 5 orders of insects, were collected from the rivers. Seven metrics that had low correlation (p>0.05) were selected to calculate the final B-IBI and the result showed that both sites of Akaki, Sebeta and Jemma Rivers had poor water quality whereas Beresa, Chacha and Mojo (upstream site) had relatively better water quality. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that Tabanidae, Syrphidae, Culicidae, and Canidae was more strongly correlated with temperature but strongly and negatively with pH, Dissolve Oxygen (DO) and Nitrate. The result implied that the change in abundance of these groups of macroinvertebrates could indicate the change in pH, DO and Nitrate. pH and DO were significantly (p < 0.05) and positively correlated with % Ephemeroptera and% Baetidae. On the other hand, DO showed strong but negative correlation % Oligochaeta, % Non-Insect and Hillsenhoff Family Biotic Index which implied that that the change in pH and level of organic pollution can be easily monitored using these metrics.HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue: 20Page: 49-54
An Interview with Mr. Kul Man Ghising
Authors: Ghising Kul Man
Published: January 2017

In light of ongoing discourses, at present, on prevailing energy crisis and its management as well as the hydropower development in Nepal, HYDRO Nepal Journal felt this timely to review and assess the present energy scenario of Nepal. HYDRO Nepal takes pleasure in presenting an interview with Mr. Kul Man Ghising, Managing Director, Nepal Electricity Authority, with Mr. Upendra Dev Bhatta, Editor-in-Chief of HYDRO Nepal Journal. HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue: 20Page: 60-64
Solidification microstructures of Cu–Zr–Al–Y BMG produced by casting in a wedge-shaped copper mold
Authors: Yang Ke , Fan Xinhui , Li Bing , Li Yanhong , Wang Xin
Published: January 2017

In this paper, Cu43Zr48Al9 and (Cu43Zr48Al9)98Y2 bulk metallic glasses were prepared by casting them in a wedge-shaped copper mold. X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to analyze their microstructures. Wedge casting is an effective and flexible technique for exploring alloy solidification microstructures. The results demonstrate that the development of microstructural transitions is related to the thickness of the wedge-shaped samples. These microstructural transitions are represented by the appearance of altered microstructural morphologies as well as changes from one product structure to another. It is found that the crystal/glass transition occurs as a U-shape change in Cu-based wedge-shaped alloys. Further, the critical cooling rate of (Cu43Zr48Al9)98Y2 became lower than that of Cu43Zr48Al9 and that (Cu43Zr48Al9)98Y2 has a better glass forming ability. We developed practical strategies in microstructure control to extend our knowledge of phase competition leading to the successful synthesis of Cu-based metallic glass.
Nano-particles in powder injection molding of an aluminum matrix composite: Rheological behavior, production and properties
Authors: Abdoos Hassan , Khorsand Hamid , Yousefi Ali Akbar
Published: January 2017

Feedstocks containing 54 and 60 vol.% powder loadings were prepared using a multi-component binder and different amounts of nano-alumina (0–9 wt.%). Feedstock containing 60 vol.% powder and 6 wt.% nano-alumina had the lowest shear rate sensitivity (n). The Al feedstocks containing nanoparticles were injected, de-bound and sintered. The rate of solvent de-binding for samples containing nano-particles was slightly lower than that of similar specimens. Results showed that nano-scale additive caused increased relative density, hardness and strength of manufactured composites, but decreased shrinkage and grain size. The composite with 54 vol.% powder loading and 9 wt.% nano-alumina had the best evaluations for mechanical properties. Particle clustering caused a decline in all evaluations for mechanical properties for 60 vol.% powder loading and 9 wt.% nano-alumina sample.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of nickel particle reinforced magnesium composite: impact of reinforcement introduction method
Authors: Hassan Syed Fida
Published: January 2017

In this study, magnesium was reinforced with micrometer size fine pure nickel particles using the ingot and powder metallurgy processes. The ingot metallurgy process induced a matrix–reinforcement reaction in the magnesium matrix, produced an enormous number of fine intermetallic compound particles and reduced the pure nickel particle size. The powder metallurgy process preserved the incorporated nickel particle intact. The ingot metallurgy made a remarkable improvement in the strength of the reinforced magnesium matrix with marginal strain hardening. The powder metallurgy process did not affect the yield strength of the reinforced magnesium matrix while inducing large strain hardening during plastic deformation. The fracture mode was similar for the ingot and powder metallurgy processed reinforced magnesium samples.
The effect of heating rate on the microstructural breakdown required for thixoformability
Authors: Proni Cecília T. W. , Zoqui Eugênio J.
Published: January 2017

Thixoforming processes depend upon three basic features of the semisolid slurry: the thermodynamics of the liquid-to-solid transition; the morphology of the microstructure; and the slurry's rheological properties. By studying the thermodynamics of the solid-to-liquid transition of a specific alloy, one can determine whether the entire thixoforming process can be controlled when the alloy is used as the raw material. The rheology of the semisolid material is determined not only by the morphology of the microstructure of the primary solid phase immersed in the liquid, but also by the relative amounts of liquid and solid. In thixoforming operations the raw material is heated up to the semisolid state and injected into the die. Hence, the heating procedure has a significant impact on the morphology of the remaining solid and, consequently, its viscous behaviour, as shown in this paper. A heating rate close to 50 K min−1 was found to produce the most suitable morphology for semisolid processing as the mechanisms involved (Ostwald ripening and coalescence) were present to an equal extent.
Preparation of vaterite CaCO3 microspheres by fast precipitation method
Authors: Wu Zhi Gang , Guo Yang , Wang Jian , Jia Yan Rong
Published: January 2017

Here we describe a rapid approach for synthesizing pure vaterite calcium carbonate microspheres through a fast precipitation method. The precipitated CaCO3 microspheres were produced in alkaline aqueous media with the addition of sodium citrate at room temperature. The obtained microspheres were investigated with scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. The characterization results reveal that the obtained microspheres are pure vaterite with an average diameter of 5 μm. The possible reason for the formation of vaterite CaCO3 microspheres instead of calcite has also been discussed.
Standardizing preoperative preparation to reduce surgical site infections among pediatric neurosurgical patients
Authors: Schaffzin Joshua K. , Simon Katherine , Connelly Beverly L. , Mangano Francesco T.
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are costly to patients and the health care system. Pediatric neurosurgery SSI risk factors are not well defined. Intraoperative protocols have reduced, but have not eliminated, SSIs. The effect of preoperative intervention is unknown. Using quality improvement methods, a preoperative SSI prevention protocol for pediatric neurosurgical patients was implemented to assess its effect on SSI rate.

METHODS

Patients who underwent a scheduled neurosurgical procedure between January 2014 and December 2015 were included. Published evidence and provider consensus were used to guide preoperative protocol development. The Model for Improvement was used to test interventions. Intraoperative and postoperative management was not standardized or modified systematically. Staff, family, and overall adherence was measured as all-or-nothing. In addition, SSI rates among eligible procedures were measured before and after protocol implementation.

RESULTS

Within 4 months, overall protocol adherence increased from 51.3% to a sustained 85.7%. SSI rates decreased from 2.9 per 100 procedures preintervention to 0.62 infections postintervention (p = 0.003). An approximate 79% reduction in SSI risk was identified (risk ratio 0.21, 95% CI 0.08–0.56; p = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Clinical staff and families successfully collaborated on a standardized preoperative protocol for pediatric neurosurgical patients. Standardization of the preoperative phase of care alone reduced SSI rates. Attention to the preoperative in addition to the intraoperative and postoperative phases of care may lead to further reduction in SSI rates.
A comparison in a youth population between those with and without a history of concussion using biomechanical reconstruction
Authors: Post Andrew , Hoshizaki T. Blaine , Gilchrist Michael D. , Koncan David , Dawson Lauren , Chen Wesley , Ledoux Andrée-Anne , Zemek Roger , _ _
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE

Concussion is a common topic of research as a result of the short- and long-term effects it can have on the affected individual. Of particular interest is whether previous concussions can lead to a biomechanical susceptibility, or vulnerability, to incurring further head injuries, particularly for youth populations. The purpose of this research was to compare the impact biomechanics of a concussive event in terms of acceleration and brain strains of 2 groups of youths: those who had incurred a previous concussion and those who had not. It was hypothesized that the youths with a history of concussion would have lower-magnitude biomechanical impact measures than those who had never suffered a previous concussion.

METHODS

Youths who had suffered a concussion were recruited from emergency departments across Canada. This pool of patients was then separated into 2 categories based on their history of concussion: those who had incurred 1 or more previous concussions, and those who had never suffered a concussion. The impact event that resulted in the brain injury was reconstructed biomechanically using computational, physical, and finite element modeling techniques. The output of the events was measured in biomechanical parameters such as energy, force, acceleration, and brain tissue strain to determine if those patients who had a previous concussion sustained a brain injury at lower magnitudes than those who had no previously reported concussion.

RESULTS

The results demonstrated that there was no biomechanical variable that could distinguish between the concussion groups with a history of concussion versus no history of concussion.

CONCLUSIONS

The results suggest that there is no measureable biomechanical vulnerability to head impact related to a history of concussions in this youth population. This may be a reflection of the long time between the previous concussion and the one reconstructed in the laboratory, where such a long period has been associated with recovery from injury.
Dis-Manteling More
Authors: Kaufman Peter I.
Published: January 2017

Although the sixteenth century Protestant construction of the reign of King John is a familiar one – John reconfigured into a heroic-victim of the Papacy, providing evidence of England’s pre-Reformation Protestant past – what has received no attention is a further transformation of John that occurs in the last major sixteenth century text to consider his reign. Shakespeare’s King John makes full recourse to earlier Protestant reconstructions of John’s reign but goes further. This paper demonstrates John’s transformation in Shakespeare’s play from the Protestant victim of Fish’s Supplication of Beggars, Bale’s King Johnan and Foxe’s Acts and Monuments into a full-blown Protestant martyr.
Pamphlets Gallicans et Antipapistes (1510-1513): de la «Chasse du Cerf des Cerfs» de Gringore au «Julius Exclusus» d’Erasme
Authors: Margolin Jean-Claude
Published: January 2017

When examining the great number of documents connected with the political constellation of the years 1510-1513, we discover in France two strongly opposite views regarding the personality and policy of Pope Julius II: “conciliarist” and “papalist” theories. These foster a climate of latent war, especially as Louis XII’s policies – both at home and abroad – were unanimously condemned, even by the loyal Bude. Among the pamphlets of that time echoing this double crisis, this article presents French and Gallican poet Pierre Gringore’s satirical work: the Chasse du Cerf des serfs – a play upon the Latin words, servus servorum Dei, as popes called themselves for humility –. This essay also refers to Erasmus’s Latin dialogue (which he never recognized as his own), Julius exclusus a coelis (Julius, expelled from Heaven [by St. Peter]), a dramatic work proving skillfully rhetorical and vengefully ironical against this “warlike pope.”
Scaling Relations of Lognormal Type Growth Process with an Extremal Principle of Entropy
Authors: Wu Zi-Niu , Li Juan , Bai Chen-Yuan
Published: January 2017

The scale, inflexion point and maximum point are important scaling parameters for studying growth phenomena with a size following the lognormal function. The width of the size function and its entropy depend on the scale parameter (or the standard deviation) and measure the relative importance of production and dissipation involved in the growth process. The Shannon entropy increases monotonically with the scale parameter, but the slope has a minimum at p 6/6. This value has been used previously to study spreading of spray and epidemical cases. In this paper, this approach of minimizing this entropy slope is discussed in a broader sense and applied to obtain the relationship between the inflexion point and maximum point. It is shown that this relationship is determined by the base of natural logarithm e ' 2.718 and exhibits some geometrical similarity to the minimal surface energy principle. The known data from a number of problems, including the swirling rate of the bathtub vortex, more data of droplet splashing, population growth, distribution of strokes in Chinese language characters and velocity profile of a turbulent jet, are used to assess to what extent the approach of minimizing the entropy slope can be regarded as useful.
Smoking Status and the Five-Factor Model of Personality: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study Conducted in Poland
Authors: Buczkowski Krzysztof , Basinska Małgorzata , Ratajska Anna , Lewandowska Katarzyna , Luszkiewicz Dorota , Sieminska Alicja
Published: January 2017

Tobacco smoking is the single most important modifiable factor in increased morbidity and premature mortality. Numerous factors—including genetics, personality, and environment—affect the development and persistence of tobacco addiction, and knowledge regarding these factors could improve smoking cessation rates. This study compared personality traits between never, former, and current smokers, using the Five-Factor Model of Personality in a country with a turbulent smoking reduction process.: In this cross-sectional study, 909 Polish adults completed the Revised Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Personality Inventory. Our results showed that current smokers’ scores for extraversion, one of the five global dimensions of personality, were higher relative to never smokers. Neuroticism, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness did not differ significantly according to smoking status. Facet analysis, which described each dimension in detail, showed that current smokers’ activity and excitement seeking (facets of extraversion) scores were higher relative to those of never and former smokers. In turn, current smokers’ dutifulness and deliberation (facets of conscientiousness) scores were lower than those found in former and never smokers. Never smokers scored the highest in self-consciousness (a facet of neuroticism) and compliance (a component of agreeableness). The study conducted among Polish individuals showed variation in personality traits according to their smoking status; however, this variation differed from that reported in countries in which efforts to reduce smoking had begun earlier relative to Poland. Knowledge regarding personality traits could be useful in designing smoking prevention and cessation programs tailored to individuals’ needs.
Coffee Consumption and the Risk of Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Han Mi , Kim Jin
Published: January 2017

An inverse association has been reported between coffee consumption and the risk of several cancers. However, the association between coffee and thyroid cancer is controversial. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the association between coffee consumption and the risk of thyroid cancer through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Published studies were examined from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, and the reference lists of the retrieved articles. The summary odds ratio (OR) for the association between coffee consumption was categorized as highest versus lowest consumption, and thyroid cancer risk was calculated using a fixed effects model. Subgroup analyses by study design, geographic location, source of controls, and adjusted variables were performed. A total of 1039 thyroid cancer cases and 220,816 controls were identified from five case-control studies and two cohort studies. The summary OR for the association between coffee consumption and thyroid cancer risk was 0.88 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.71–1.07). There was no significant heterogeneity among the study results (I² = 0%, p = 0.79). However, the beneficial effect of coffee consumption on thyroid cancer was found only in hospital-based case-control studies (OR= 0.59, 95% CI= 0.37–0.93). There was no significant association between coffee consumption and thyroid cancer risk according to our meta-analysis results. These findings should be interpreted with caution because of potential biases and confounding variables. Further prospective studies with a larger number of cases are encouraged to confirm these results.
Exploring the Impacts of Anthropogenic Disturbance on Seawater and Sediment Microbial Communities in Korean Coastal Waters Using Metagenomics Analysis
Authors: Won Nam-Il , Kim Ki-Hwan , Kang Ji , Park Sang , Lee Hyuk
Published: January 2017

The coastal ecosystems are considered as one of the most dynamic and vulnerable environments under various anthropogenic developments and the effects of climate change. Variations in the composition and diversity of microbial communities may be a good indicator for determining whether the marine ecosystems are affected by complex forcing stressors. DNA sequence-based metagenomics has recently emerged as a promising tool for analyzing the structure and diversity of microbial communities based on environmental DNA (eDNA). However, few studies have so far been performed using this approach to assess the impacts of human activities on the microbial communities in marine systems. In this study, using metagenomic DNA sequencing (16S ribosomal RNA gene), we analyzed and compared seawater and sediment communities between sand mining and control (natural) sites in southern coastal waters of Korea to assess whether anthropogenic activities have significantly affected the microbial communities. The sand mining sites harbored considerably lower levels of microbial diversities in the surface seawater community during spring compared with control sites. Moreover, the sand mining areas had distinct microbial taxonomic group compositions, particularly during spring season. The microbial groups detected solely in the sediment load/dredging areas (e.g., Marinobacter, Alcanivorax, Novosphingobium) are known to be involved in degradation of toxic chemicals such as hydrocarbon, oil, and aromatic compounds, and they also contain potential pathogens. This study highlights the versatility of metagenomics in monitoring and diagnosing the impacts of human disturbance on the environmental health of marine ecosystems from eDNA.
Ixeris dentata (Thunb. Ex Thunb.) Nakai Extract Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells through Akt/NF-κB Pathways
Authors: Shin Seong-Ah , Lee Hae-Nim , Choo Gang-Sik , Kim Hyeong-Jin , Che Jeong-Hwan , Jung Ji-Youn
Published: January 2017

Ixeris dentata (Thunb. Ex Thunb.) Nakai (ID) exhibits various physiological activities, and its related plant derived-products are expected to represent promising cancer therapeutic agents. However, the anticancer effects of ID extract on breast cancer cells classified as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effects and analyzed the molecular mechanism of ID extract in T47D, MCF-7 (ER-, PR-positive, HER2-negative), SK-BR-3(ER-, PR-negative, HER2-positive), and MDA-MB-231 (Triple-negative) through in vitro studies. Additionally, we examined its anti-tumor effects through in vivo studies. Our findings indicated that ID extract-induced apoptosis was mediated via various survival pathways on four breast cancer cells by identifying the factors including Bcl-2 family, phospho-Akt and phospho-nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Based on in vitro findings that induced apoptosis via Akt-NF-κB signaling, we investigated the effects of ID extract on mice bearing MDA-MB-231 cells. The results showed that ID extract significantly decreased MDA-MB-231 tumor volume and weight via inducing apoptosis by suppressing phospho-Akt. Overall, these results indicate that ID extract induces apoptosis through the Akt-NFκB signaling pathway in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and tumors, and it may serve as a therapeutic agent for triple-negative human breast cancer.Academic Editor: Terrence Piva
Early Healing Events after Periodontal Surgery: Observations on Soft Tissue Healing, Microcirculation, and Wound Fluid Cytokine Levels
Authors: Kaner Doğan , Soudan Mouaz , Zhao Han , Gaßmann Georg , Schönhauser Anna , Friedmann Anton
Published: January 2017

Early wound healing after periodontal surgery with or without enamel matrix derivative/biphasic calcium phosphate (EMD/BCP) was characterized in terms of soft tissue closure, changes of microcirculation, and expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid/wound fluid (GCF/WF). Periodontal surgery was carried out in 30 patients (18 patients: application of EMD/BCP for regeneration of bony defects; 12 patients: surgical crown lengthening (SCL)). Healthy sites were observed as untreated controls. GCF/WF samples were collected during two post-surgical weeks. Flap microcirculation was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Soft tissue healing was evaluated after two weeks. GCF/WF levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α), IL-6, and IL-10 were determined using a multiplex immunoassay. Surgery caused similar reductions of flap microcirculation followed by recovery within two weeks in both EMD/BCP and SCL groups. GCF/WF and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were immediately increased after surgery, and returned only partially to baseline levels within the two-week observation period. Levels of IL-10 were temporarily reduced in all surgical sites. Flap dehiscence caused prolonged elevated levels of GCF/WF, IL-1β, and TNF-α. These findings show that periodontal surgery triggers an immediate inflammatory reaction corresponding to the early inflammatory phase of wound healing, and these inflammation measures are temporary in case of maintained closure of the flap. However, flap dehiscence causes prolonged inflammatory exudation from the periodontal wound. If the biological pre-conditions for periodontal wound healing are considered important for the clinical outcome, care should be taken to maintain primary closure of the flap.
William Apess, Pequot Pastor: A Native American Revisioning of Christian Nationalism in the Early Republic
Authors: Goodnight Ethan
Published: January 2017

Pequot Native and Methodist Minister William Apess has received growing recognition among historians as a unique voice for Native Americans—and minorities in general—during the early Republic. This essay began by inquiring into Apess’s relationship with the Christian nationalism of his day. Extensive readings of Apess’s works, scholarship on all aspects of Apess’s life, and analyses of Christian nationalism during the early Republic initially revealed severe conflict. Apess is fiery in his critique of Anglo American society and religion; he questions the integrity of Christians who treat Native Americans with a double standard. Analyzing Apess’s critiques and his proposed solutions in depth, however, shows that his main problem rests with faulty implementation of genuinely good ideals. Apess’s solutions actually rest on revising and enforcing, not destroying, the main components of Christian nationalism. This essay concludes that Apess should be read as advancing his own revised form of Christian nationalism; his plan for the future of America and national unity embraced establishing a more perfect Christian union.
Earthquake Damage Visualization (EDV) Technique for the Rapid Detection of Earthquake-Induced Damages Using SAR Data
Authors: Sharma Ram , Tateishi Ryutaro , Hara Keitarou , Nguyen Hoan , Gharechelou Saeid , Nguyen Luong
Published: January 2017

The damage of buildings and manmade structures, where most of human activities occur, is the major cause of casualties of from earthquakes. In this paper, an improved technique, Earthquake Damage Visualization (EDV) is presented for the rapid detection of earthquake damage using the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. The EDV is based on the pre-seismic and co-seismic coherence change method. The normalized difference between the pre-seismic and co-seismic coherences, and vice versa, are used to calculate the forward (from pre-seismic to co-seismic) and backward (from co-seismic to pre-seismic) change parameters, respectively. The backward change parameter is added to visualize the retrospective changes caused by factors other than the earthquake. The third change-free parameter uses the average values of the pre-seismic and co-seismic coherence maps. These three change parameters were ultimately merged into the EDV as an RGB (Red, Green, and Blue) composite imagery. The EDV could visualize the earthquake damage efficiently using Horizontal transmit and Horizontal receive (HH), and Horizontal transmit and Vertical receive (HV) polarizations data from the Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 (ALOS-2). Its performance was evaluated in the Kathmandu Valley, which was hit severely by the 2015 Nepal Earthquake. The cross-validation results showed that the EDV is more sensitive to the damaged buildings than the existing method. The EDV could be used for building damage detection in other earthquakes as well.
Application of the PAMONO-Sensor for Quantiﬁcation of Microvesicles and Determination of Nano-Particle Size Distribution
Authors: Shpacovitch Victoria , Sidorenko Irina , Lenssen Jan , Temchura Vladimir , Weichert Frank , Müller Heinrich , Überla Klaus , Zybin Alexander , Schramm Alexander , Hergenröder Roland
Published: January 2017

The PAMONO-sensor (plasmon assisted microscopy of nano-objects) demonstrated an ability to detect and quantify individual viruses and virus-like particles. However, another group of biological vesicles—microvesicles (100–1000 nm)—also attracts growing interest as biomarkers of different pathologies and needs development of novel techniques for characterization. This work shows the applicability of a PAMONO-sensor for selective detection of microvesicles in aquatic samples. The sensor permits comparison of relative concentrations of microvesicles between samples. We also study a possibility of repeated use of a sensor chip after elution of the microvesicle capturing layer. Moreover, we improve the detection features of the PAMONO-sensor. The detection process utilizes novel machine learning techniques on the sensor image data to estimate particle size distributions of nano-particles in polydisperse samples. Altogether, our ﬁndings expand analytical features and the application ﬁeld of the PAMONO-sensor. They can also serve for a maturation of diagnostic tools based on the PAMONO-sensor platform.
Trust-Based Cooperative Social System Applied to a Carpooling Platform for Smartphones
Authors: Caballero-Gil Cándido , Caballero-Gil Pino , Molina-Gil Jezabel , Martín-Fernández Francisco , Loia Vincenzo
Published: January 2017

One of the worst trafﬁc problems today is the existence of huge trafﬁc jams in almost any big city, produced by the large number of commuters using private cars. This problem has led to an increase in research on the optimization of vehicle occupancy in urban areas as this would help to solve the problem that most cars are occupied by single passengers. The solution of sharing the available seats in cars, known as carpooling, is already available in major cities around the world. However, carpooling is still not considered a safe and reliable solution for many users. With the widespread use of mobile technology and social networks, it is possible to create a trust-based platform to promote carpooling through a convenient, fast and secure system. The main objective of this work is the design and implementation of a carpool system that improves some important aspects of previous systems, focusing on trust between users, and on the security of the system. The proposed system guarantees user privacy and measures trust levels through a new reputation algorithm. In addition to this, the proposal has been developed as a mobile application for devices using the Android Open Source Project.
Why Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in Connection to Biosensors?
Authors: Mattiasson Bo , Ertürk Gizem
Published: January 2017

The area of biosensor-oriented research has grown rapidly during recent years.
Impedance-Based Pre-Stress Monitoring of Rock Bolts Using a Piezoceramic-Based Smart Washer—A Feasibility Study
Authors: Wang Bo , Huo Linsheng , Chen Dongdong , Li Weijie , Song Gangbing
Published: January 2017

Pre-stress degradation or looseness of rock bolts in mining or tunnel engineering threatens the stability and reliability of the structures. In this paper, an innovative piezoelectric device named a “smart washer” with the impedance method is proposed with the aim of developing a real-time device to monitor the pre-stress level of rock bolts. The proposed method was verified through tests on a rock bolt specimen. By applying high-frequency sweep excitations (typically >30 kHz) to the smart washer that was installed on the rock bolt specimen, we observed that the variation in impedance signatures indicated the rock bolt pre-stress status. With the degradation of rock bolt pre-stress, the frequency in the dominating peak of the real part of the electrical impedance signature increased. To quantify the effectiveness of the proposed technique, a normalized root mean square deviation (RMSD) index was developed to evaluate the degradation level of the rock bolt pre-stress. The experimental results demonstrated that the normalized RMSD-based looseness index, which was computed from the impedance value detected by the “smart washer”, increased with loss of the pre-stress of the rock bolt. Therefore, the proposed method can effectively detect the degradation of rock bolt pre-stress, as demonstrated by experiments.