bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metal–dielectric hybrid nanoparticle for SERS and optical sensing applications in the near-infrared region
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Debao , Meng Tongyu , Zhou Wei , Lv Jingwei , Yang Lin , Liu Wei , Lv Yan , Wang Yu , Chu Paul K. , Liu Chao
Published: September 2023

To explore the strong coupling between the combined plasmonic mode supported by the metal nanoparticle and the anapole mode of the dielectric nanoparticle, a hybrid metal–dielectric nanoparticle consisting of the combination of silicon and silica together with the gold dimer is designed and analyzed by the finite element method (FEM). Theoretical simulation reveals that the enhanced electric field enhancement reaches 640 and unidirectional scattering with almost zero backscattering at multiple wavelengths is achieved in the far-field region. Moreover, the calculated Purcell factor of 12,193 and sensitivity of 610[Formula: see text]nm/RIU of the composite nanoparticle are much higher than those of the single-metal or dielectric nanoparticles. In the end, the impact of different structural parameters on the sensitivity, figure of merit and quality factor is analyzed and described, and the maximum sensitivity, Figure of merit and quality factor are found to be 2360[Formula: see text]nm/RIU, 18.4 RIU[Formula: see text] and 19.8 RIU[Formula: see text]. The results reveal a new strategy to develop devices for surface-enhancement Raman scattering (SERS), quantum emitters, and sensors.
Electrochemical Preparation of ZrFe2 and ZrFe1.8Ni0.2 Intermetallic Compounds by FFC Cambridge Process
Authors: Khan Mohd. Sufiyan , Mukherjee Anwesha , Shakila L. , Arunkumar V. , Kumaresan R.
Published: September 2023

The aim of the present study was to prepare ZrFe2 and ZrFe1.8Ni0.2 intermetallic compounds by FFC Cambridge process. The intermetallic compounds were prepared directly from the mixed oxide precursors, namely ZrO2-Fe2O3 and ZrO2-Fe2O3-NiO, respectively. Electrochemical de-oxidation experiments were carried out with mixed oxide pellet cathode and HD graphite anode by applying a constant cell voltage of 3.1 V in CaCl2 melt at 900 oC. The electrochemical behaviour of oxides was studied by cyclic voltammetry using metallic cavity electrodes (MCEs). The electrolysis was carried out for different durations of time to understand the mechanistic pathway of reduction of ZrO2-Fe2O3. The electro-reduced products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The reduction intermediates involved Fe, CaZrO3, calcia stabilised zirconia (CSZ), Fe23Zr6, Zr6Fe3O and Zr2Fe. Single cubic C15 phase of ZrFe2 was obtained in 48 h electrolysis product. ZrFe1.8Ni0.2 was also electrochemically synthesized from its oxide precursors viz. ZrO2, Fe2O3 and NiO. Apart from ZrFe1.8Ni0.2 phase, the electro-reduced products had a Zr2Ni phase even after 72 h of electrolysis.
Research Development on Spinel Lithium Manganese Oxides Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yanli , Zhang Wenjuan , Zhou Jiakun , Li Xiaoning , Zhou Wenzhang , Xie Yanting , Mao Jing , Dai Kehua
Published: September 2023

Spinel LiMn2O4 (LMO) is a cathode material that features 3D Li+ diffusion channels, and it offers a range of benefits including low cost, non-toxicity, environmental friendliness, high safety, and excellent rate performance. Consequently, it has become a popular cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, having gained practical application. However, the cycling performance of LMO is still limited by problems such as Jahn-Teller distortion and Mn dissolution. In recent years, researchers have proposed various preparation and modification methods to address these problems and achieve wider commercialization of LMO cathode materials. This paper introduces the spinel structure of LMO and its degradation mechanisms, listing several common methods for synthesizing LMO cathode materials and modification approaches aimed at improving cyclic stability.
Online State of Health Estimation with Deep Learning Frameworks Based on Short and Random Battery Charging Data Segments
Authors: Zhao Lei , Du Xuzhi , Yang Zhigang , Xia Chao , Xue Jinwei , Hoque Muhammad Jahidul , Fu Wuchen , Yan Xiao , Miljkovic Nenad
Published: September 2023

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries find wide application across various domains, ranging from portable electronics to electric vehicles (EVs). Reliable online estimation of the battery’s state of health (SOH) is crucial to ensure safe and economical operation of battery-powered devices. Here, we developed three deep learning models to investigate their potential for online SOH estimation using partial and random charging data segments (voltage and charging capacity). The models employed were developed from the feed-forward neural network (FNN), the convolutional neural network (CNN) and the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network, respectively. We show that the proposed deep learning frameworks can provide flexible and reliable online SOH estimation. Particularly, the LSTM-based estimation model exhibits superior performance across the test set in both direct learning and transfer learning scenarios, while the CNN and FNN-based models show slightly diminished performance, especially in the complex transfer learning scenario. The LSTM-based model achieves a maximum estimation error of 1.53% and 2.19% in the direct learning and transfer learning scenarios, respectively, with an average error as low as 0.28% and 0.30%. Our work highlights the potential for conducting online SOH estimation throughout the entire life cycle of Li-ion batteries based on partial and random charging data segments.
Impact of Ag on Electrochemical Recovery of UO2 in Molten LiCl-KCl Salt
Authors: Han Wei , Lan Xiaohui , Zhang Yongqiang , Liu Rugeng , Zhang Meng , Wang Ji , Sun Yang , Li Mei
Published: September 2023

To investigate the effect of fission element Ag on the electrochemical recovery of UO2, the electroreduction mechanisms of Ag+ and

UO

2

2
+

,

kinetic property of Ag+/Ag couple were first studied on W electrode by different electrochemical techniques. The electrode reactions of Ag+ and

UO

2

2
+

were found to be one-step and two-step reduction processes, respectively. The exchange current density of Ag+/Ag couple was estimated to be 0.0431∼0.0727 A cm−2 in the temperature range of 723∼798 K by LP technique, and its activation energy was evaluated to be 33.91 kJ mol−1. The deposition products obtained by constant potential electrolysis (CPE) were characterized by XRD and SEM-EDS, which showed the formed Ag and UO2 having pine-branch and micron-scale polyhedral structure, respectively. The influence of Ag+ on the electrochemical behavior of

UO

2

2
+

and morphology of UO2 were studied. The deposition potential of Ag+ was close to that of

UO

2

+

to UO2. The changes of Ag+ concentration and scan rate had no effect on the electroreduction mechanism of

UO

2

2
+

.

CPE was conducted, and the result indicated that UO2 and Ag could be co-deposited. The deposited Ag could change the morphology of recovered UO2.
Exploring the Influence of Temperature and Time on the Formation and Properties of 3D Flower-Like MoS2 Nanostructures Synthesized via Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Kumari Ritu , Kumar Rakesh
Published: September 2023

In this study, a simple hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize 3D flower-like MoS2 nanostructures. The influence of different synthesis temperatures on the structural, electronic, optical and morphological properties of the MoS2 nanostructures was thoroughly investigated, and the optimal temperature was identified as 220 °C. Additionally, we conducted further optimization to determine the most suitable reaction time, which was found to be 24 h. The characterization of the synthesized MoS2 nanostructures, employing various techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Mott-Schottky analysis, UV–vis-NIR spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy, unveiled well-defined crystallinity, reduced thickness and uniform morphology, under the optimized conditions. Notably, as the temperature increased from 180 °C to 220 °C, the band gap of MoS2 nanostructures exhibited a notable increase from 1.72 to 2.35 eV. The Mott-Schottky analysis further confirmed our findings, revealing lower values of flat band potential and carrier concentration for the optimized temperature (220 °C), indicative of higher crystallinity with fewer defects. These comprehensive findings not only underscore the significant impact of temperature and time on the properties of MoS2 nanostructures but also hold promising implications for diverse applications, including sensing, energy storage, as well as photocatalysis for hydrogen evolution reactions and organic pollutant degradation.
Investigation of the Structural, Dielectric, Magnetic, and Magnetoelectric Properties of Nd-Substituted Sr3Co2Fe24O41 Z-Hexaferrite
Authors: Singh Sukhbir , Dahiya Sajjan , Punia Rajesh , Maan A. S. , Saini P. K. , Satapathy Srinibas , Tripathi Rahul , Ohlan Anil
Published: September 2023

The Neodymium (Nd) substituted Sr-based Z-Hexaferrites having composition Sr3-xNdxCo2Fe24O41 (x = 0, 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45) corresponding to pristine, 5, 10 and 15% substitution were prepared using solid-state reaction method in pre-optimized rare Earth metal solubility range (x ≤ 0.45) and labeled as SCFO, SNCFO5, SNCFO10 and SNCFO15, respectively. X-ray diffractometer and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were utilized to investigate the prepared samples’ structure and grain morphology. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed Z-hexaferrite formation with adequate phase purity. Dielectric measurements exhibited a relaxation-type, frequency-dependent, and thermally activated dielectric response across all prepared samples. In Nd substituted SCFO, the obtained value of coercivity (Hc) ranges from 52.2–68.45 oersted, confirming a soft magnetic behavior. Magnetoelectric coupling coefficient(α) recorded at room temperature has a maximum value of 0.2133 mV cm−1Oe−1 for the pristine sample and this value of α varies with Nd substitution for all prepared samples.
Silicon Carbide Thin Film Technologies: Recent Advances in Processing, Properties, and Applications - Part I Thermal and Plasma CVD
Authors: Kaloyeros Alain E. , Arkles Barry
Published: September 2023

In Part I of a two-part report, we provide a detailed and systematic review of the latest progress in cutting-edge innovations for the silicon carbide (SiC) material system, focusing on chemical vapor deposition (CVD) thin film technologies. To this end, up-to-date results from both incremental developments in traditional SiC applications as well major advances in novel SiC usages are summarized. Emphasis is placed on new chemical sources for Si and C, particularly in the form of single source SiC precursors as well as emerging molecular and atomic scale deposition techniques, with special attention to their effects on resulting film properties and performance. The review also covers relevant research and development efforts as well as their potential impact on and role in the introduction of new technological applications. Part II will focus on findings for physical vapor deposition (PVD) as well as other deposition techniques.
Farnesoid X receptor enhances epithelial ACE2 expression and inhibits virally induced IL-6 secretion: implications for intestinal symptoms of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Smyth Jessica S. , Truong Jennifer K. , Rao Anuradha , Lin Ruxian , Foulke-Abel Jennifer , Adorini Luciano , Donowitz Mark , Dawson Paul A. , Keely Stephen J.
Published: September 2023

Activation of the nuclear bile acid receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), specifically upregulates ACE2 expression in undifferentiated colonic epithelial cells and inhibits virus-induced proinflammatory cytokine release. By virtue of these actions FXR represents a promising target for the development of new approaches to prevent intestinal manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Monopile Foundation Stiffness Estimation of an Instrumented Offshore Wind Turbine through Model Updating
Authors: McAdam Ross A. , Chatzis Manolis N. , Kuleli Muge , Anderson Emily F. , Byrne Byron W.
Published: September 2023

Rapid development of offshore wind foundation models has resulted in a large number of built structures with generally underestimated foundation stiffness properties and a need to update and validate both the individual structural models and the underlying foundation design frameworks. This paper outlines a structural health monitoring approach, based on the combination of output only structural health monitoring methods and model updating, to estimate foundation stiffness parameters using field monitored data. Field monitoring data from an offshore wind turbine under idling conditions, over a large monitoring period, are presented and operational modal analysis is applied to estimate the modal parameters. Those are compared to modal properties predicted by finite element models, employing either old (API/DNVGL) or new (PISA) foundation design properties, which are calibrated using geotechnical site investigation data. A new approach to interpret seabed level statically equivalent foundation stiffness, in terms of effective lateral and rotational stiffness against load eccentricity, is presented. Seabed level statically equivalent foundation properties are updated by comparison against the observed modal behaviour and the optimised foundation parameters are presented, demonstrating a close match to the predictions of the PISA method.
The Effect of Angled Fins in Generating Swirling Flows with Vortices That Augment Heat Transfer Performance in an Annular Conduit
Authors: Nair S. R. , Tan M. K. , Wang Y. , Kazi S. N. , Oon C. S.
Published: September 2023

This paper examined the usage of thermally conductive angled fins within an annular conduit through numerical simulation. Despite the thermally conductive nature of the fins increasing heat transfer surface area, this investigation found that using an optimal fin angle can promote the generation of vortical structures which aid heat transfer. Using ANSYS-Fluent with the SIMPLEC algorithm and the SST

κ
−
ω

turbulence model, this research found that heat transfer performance improved considerably when the generated vortices were sufficiently large and robust. However, the type of generated vortex had a profound impact when optimising for higher performance evaluation criterion (PEC) values. Longitudinal vortices improved heat transfer performance with a low impact on pressure drop increase, unlike transverse vortices, which increased pressure drop significantly. The fin angles of 50° and 60° yielded high heat transfer performance without much increase in pressure drop, thus resulting in higher PEC values. Additionally, using fin heights that correlate to 20% to 60% of the gap between the concentric walls was ideal when designing heat exchangers to achieve higher PEC values. The results of this numerical investigation have been validated both theoretically and experimentally to ensure accurate reporting of the findings.
A Solution of the Complex Fuzzy Heat Equation in Terms of Complex Dirichlet Conditions Using a Modified Crank–Nicolson Method
Authors: Zureigat Hamzeh , Tashtoush Mohammad A. , Jassar Ali F. Al , Az-Zo’bi Emad A. , Alomari Mohammad W.
Published: September 2023

Complex fuzzy sets (CFSs) have recently emerged as a potent tool for expanding the scope of fuzzy sets to encompass wider ranges within the unit disk in the complex plane. This study explores complex fuzzy numbers and introduces their application for the first time in the literature to address a complex fuzzy partial differential equation that involves a complex fuzzy heat equation under Hukuhara differentiability. The researchers utilize an implicit finite difference scheme, namely the Crank–Nicolson method, to tackle complex fuzzy heat equations. The problem’s fuzziness arises from the coefficients in both amplitude and phase terms, as well as in the initial and boundary conditions, with the Convex normalized triangular fuzzy numbers extended to the unit disk in the complex plane. The researchers take advantage of the properties and benefits of CFS theory in the proposed numerical methods and subsequently provide a new proof of the stability under CFS theory. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the proposed approach’s reliability and feasibility, with the results showing good agreement with the exact solution and relevant theoretical aspects.
Extender Supplementation with Glutathione (GSH) and Taurine Improves In Vitro Sperm Quality and Antioxidant Status of New Zealand Rabbits during Chilled Storage for up to 72 hours
Authors: Bayomy Mohamed F. F. , Hassab El-Nabi Sobhy E. , El Kassas Tahany A. , Attia Zeinab I. , Saeed Ayman M. , Taha Heba S. A. , Alagawany Mahmoud , Galosi Livio , Biagini Lucia , El-Kassas Seham
Published: September 2023

This study assessed the influence of supplementing the rabbit semen extender with various concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and taurine at 24, 48, and 72 h postchilling at 5°C. Semen samples were collected from 20 New Zealand bucks, and ejaculates with standard color, motility (>85%), about 0.5 mL volume, and ∼400 × 106/mL concentration were used and diluted with extenders supplemented with 0.5, 1, and 2 mM of GSH and 1, 5, and 10 mM of taurine and chilled at 5°C. Nonsupplemented samples were used as a control. Sperm’s progressive motility, acrosome reaction, and extracellular oxidative stress biomarkers such as MDA contents and GPx, SOD, and CAT concentrations and intracellular transcriptomic levels of SOD and CAT genes were assessed. GSH and taurine supplementation improved the sperm’s kinetics by reducing cooling‐associated stress, which was ascertained by lowering MDA concentration and increasing SOD, CAT, and GPx concentrations (P < 0.05). Increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the extender was due to the increasing mRNA copies of the SOD and CAT genes (P < 0.05). Furthermore, GSH and taurine maintained the fructose levels in the extender and lowered the GPT levels, which implies sperm membrane stability is maintained through GSH and taurine supplementation. GSH and taurine supplementation to the extender had protective influences on the in vitro rabbit semen quality during chilled storage for up to 72 h, which were remarkable with increasing supplementation dose and cooling time at 5°C.
Analysis of Caffeine and Antioxidant Content of Ethiopian Coffee Varieties from Different Growing Areas
Authors: Sik Beatrix , Lakatos Erika , Bura Henrietta , Székelyhidi Rita
Published: September 2023

Quality coffee consumption is increasing nowadays; however, quality can only be achieved through appropriate cultivation and processing techniques. The study is aimed at using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometric techniques for evaluating different coffee varieties grown in Ethiopia based on caffeine, antioxidant, and polyphenol content. Despite coming from various coffee-growing regions, all of the tested coffee varieties (heirloom, forest coffee, heirloom 2, bourbon, mixed heirloom, and catuai) underwent wet processing. The data revealed that the caffeine content ranged from 0.14 to 0.37 mg/g, total antioxidant content from 63.75 to 78.05 mg AAE/g, and total polyphenol content from 27.08 to 31.04 mg GAE/g in the selected varieties. The findings show that the amount of the identified compounds is significantly (

p
≤
0.05

) influenced by the variety type, growing area, and processing (intensity of roasting). The different coffee varieties were also tested for sensory quality, and the findings suggest that the typical coffee drinker prefers fruity flavors in their coffee, along with medium acidity and roasting intensity levels. The cultivation and processing technologies used in coffee production have a significant impact on the quality and sensory enjoyment of coffee.
Interleukin-6 Facilitates Acute Myeloid Leukemia Chemoresistance via Mitofusin 1–Mediated Mitochondrial Fusion
Authors: Hou Diyu , Zheng Xiaoming , Cai Danni , You Ruolan , Liu Jingru , Wang Xiaoting , Liao Xinai , Tan Maoqing , Lin Liyan , Wang Jin , Zhang Shuxia , Huang Huifang
Published: September 2023

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), an aggressive hematopoietic malignancy, exhibits poor prognosis and a high recurrence rate largely because of primary and secondary drug resistance. Elevated serum IL6 levels have been observed in patients with AML and are associated with chemoresistance. Chemoresistant AML cells are highly dependent on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and mitochondrial network remodeling is essential for mitochondrial function. However, IL6-mediated regulation of mitochondrial remodeling and its effectiveness as a therapeutic target remain unclear. We aimed to determine the mechanisms through which IL6 facilitates the development of chemoresistance in AML cells. IL6 upregulated mitofusin 1 (MFN1)-mediated mitochondrial fusion, promoted OXPHOS, and induced chemoresistance in AML cells. MFN1 knockdown impaired the effects of IL6 on mitochondrial function and chemoresistance in AML cells. In an MLL::AF9 fusion gene-induced AML mouse model, IL6 reduced chemosensitivity to cytarabine (Ara-C), a commonly used antileukemia drug, accompanied by increased MFN1 expression, mitochondrial fusion, and OXPHOS status. In contrast, anti-IL6 antibodies downregulated MFN1 expression, suppressed mitochondrial fusion and OXPHOS, enhanced the curative effects of Ara-C, and prolonged overall survival. In conclusion, IL6 upregulated MFN1-mediated mitochondrial fusion in AML, which facilitated mitochondrial respiration, in turn, inducing chemoresistance. Thus, targeting IL6 may have therapeutic implications in overcoming IL6-mediated chemoresistance in AML.

Implications:

IL6 treatment induces MFN1-mediated mitochondrial fusion, promotes OXPHOS, and confers chemoresistance in AML cells. Targeting IL6 regulation in mitochondria is a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance the chemosensitivity of AML.
Change in Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Adherence to the Cancer Prevention Lifestyle Guidelines in Hispanic/Latino Adults: Results from the HCHS/SOL Study
Authors: Pichardo Margaret S. , Pichardo Catherine M. , Talavera Gregory A. , Gallo Linda C. , Kuo Charlene C. , Castañeda Sheila F. , Chambers Earle C. , Daviglus Martha L. , Pirzada Amber , Perreira Krista M. , Sotres-Alvarez Daniela , Peña Ortiz Tania Yadhira , Plascak Jesse J.
Published: September 2023

Neighborhood conditions are dynamic; the association of changing neighborhood socioeconomic factors with cancer preventive behaviors remains unclear. We examined associations of neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation, gentrification, and change in income inequality with adherence to the American Cancer Society Guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer Prevention in The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). The HCHS/SOL enrolled 16,415 adults, ages 18–74 years, at baseline (2008–2011), from communities in the Bronx, NY, Chicago, IL, Miami, FL, and San Diego, CA. Geocoded baseline addresses were linked to the 2000 decennial Census and 5-year American Community Survey (2005–2009 and 2012–2016) tracts to operationalize neighborhood deprivation index (NDI), gentrification, and income inequality. Complex survey multinominal logistic regression models estimated the relative risk ratio (RRR) with overall guideline adherence level (low, moderate, high) and by components—diet, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and alcohol intake. Overall, 14%, 60%, and 26% of the population had low, moderate, and high ACS guideline adherence, respectively. NDI was negatively associated with risk of high (vs. low) guideline adherence [RRR = 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.78–0.98], although attenuated after controlling for individual socioeconomic status (SES; RRR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.80–1.00), and associated with lower adherence to BMI recommendations (low vs. moderate RRR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.84–0.97; high RRR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.77–0.97). Gentrification was associated with higher likelihood of meeting the dietary recommendations (low vs. moderate RRR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.07), but not with overall adherence or individual components. Change in income inequality was not associated with outcomes. Neighborhood deprivation may be negatively associated with ACS guideline adherence among Hispanic/Latino adults.

Significance:

This study provides new evidence on the link between neighborhood gentrification, changing income inequality and adoption and maintenance of cancer preventive behaviors in an understudied population in cancer research. We observed that while neighborhood deprivation may deter from healthy lifestyle behaviors, positive changes in neighborhood SES via the process of gentrification, may not influence lifestyle guideline adherence among Hispanic/Latino adults.
Identification of Inflammatory Endotypes by Clinical Characteristics and Nasal Secretion Biomarkers in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps
Authors: Guo Cui-Lian , Lu Ruo-Yu , Wang Chong-Shu , Zhao Jie-Fang , Pan Li , Liu Hui-Cheng , Liao Bo , Liu Zheng
Published: September 2023

Introduction: The emergency of biologics and surgical techniques targeting the specific inflammatory endotype in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) asks for efficient identification of patients with different endotypes. Although mucosal IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IgE have been used to define type 2 (T2) inflammation, the optimal one remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the optimal anchor for T2 inflammation and identify clinical characteristics and nasal secretion biomarkers predicting different endotypes in CRSwNP. Methods: Six mediators in sinonasal tissue and 36 mediators in nasal secretion samples were detected by the Bio-Plex suspension array system. Mucosal IFN-γ and IL-17A levels were used to define the T1 and T3 endotype, respectively. The efficacy of mucosal IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IgE to define the T2 endotype was compared. The power of clinical characteristics and nasal secretion biomarkers to predict the T1, T2, and T3 endotype was analyzed. Results: Among mucosal IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IgE, IL-13 was the best one to coincide with the expression of other T2 biomarkers. A combination of atopy, facial pain symptom score, ethmoid/maxillary computed tomography score ratio, and blood eosinophil percentage had a moderate predictive performance for T2 endotype (area under the receiver operating curve [AUC] = 0.815), comparable to that of nasal secretion IL-5 (AUC = 0.819). For the T3 endotype, nasal secretion IL-1Rα identified it with an AUC value of 0.756. No efficient marker for the T1 endotype was found. Conclusion: IL-13 is a primary anchor for the T2 endotype in CRSwNP. Clinical characteristics and nasal secretion biomarkers are helpful for identifying the T2 and T3 endotype of CRSwNP.
Kidney Biopsy Corner: Amyloidosis
Authors: Biederman Laura E. , Dasgupta Alana D. , Dreyfus Darren E. , Nadasdy Tibor , Satoskar Anjali A. , Brodsky Sergey V.
Published: September 2023

Amyloidosis is an infiltrative disease caused by misfolded proteins depositing in tissues. Amyloid infiltrates the kidney in several patterns. There are, as currently described by the International Society of Amyloidosis, 14 types of amyloid that can involve the kidney, and these types may have different locations or clinical settings. Herein we report a case of AA amyloidosis occurring in a 24-year-old male with a history of intravenous drug abuse and provide a comprehensive review of different types of amyloids involving the kidney.
ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ЗАКОНУ УКРАЇНИ «ПРО ЛІКАРСЬКІ ЗАСОБИ» ЯК ФАКТОР РОЗВИТКУ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНОЇ ІНФОРМАТИКИ В НАЦІОНАЛЬНІЙ СИСТЕМІ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я
Authors: Boiko A. I.
Published: September 2023

Мета роботи. Провести аналіз ефективності та перспектив використання фундаментальних теоретичних досліджень з наукової дисципліни «Фармацевтична інформатика» (ФІ) при імплементації положень та реалізації вимог нового Закону України «Про лікарські засоби» (далі – Закон) (на моделі функціонування Львівської наукової школи з фармацевтичної інформатики (ЛНШФІ)) та інших вищих закладів освіти України.

Матеріали і методи. На основі системного підходу, використовуючи бібліосемантичний та структурно-логічний аналіз, виконано дослідження в якому використано результати теоретичних та експериментальних  досліджень з ФІ впродовж 1978–2022 рр., законодавчі та нормативні акти в частинах, що регулюють систему фармацевтичної інформації.

Результати й обговорення. У статті проведено аналіз Закону щодо впровадження в ОЗ інтегрального комплексу фармацевтичної та медичної допомоги на основі методології ФІ. Системно розглянуті основні етапи та напрями комплексного функціонування фармацевтичних знань. Детально проаналізовано принципові, з позиції впровадження Закону, результати наукових досліджень з ФІ за встановленими автором напрямами. Обґрунтовано необхідність,  відповідно до розглянутих регламентованих Законом проблемних питань розвитку фармацевтичної інформаційної складової в охороні здоров’я, системного вивчення інтеграції медичної та фармацевтичної допомоги хворим на цукровий діабет у вищій фармацевтичній школі України. 

Висновки. Впроваджена в закладах вищої освіти України нова багатоаспектна наукова дисципліна ФІ інтегрує актуальні питання медичної та фармацевтичної теорії і практики в системі ОЗ. Відповідно, новий Закон  акцентує необхідність активізації процесів інтеграції медичної та фармацевтичної допомоги. Систему теоретичних досліджень із ФІ реалізовано у комплексі дисертаційних досліджень, 6-ти монографіях та політематичних монографіях із профільними розділами; тезах доповідей у матеріалах з’їздів фармацевтів України; українському довідковому виданні «Фармацевтична енциклопедія»; актуальних ідеологічно інноваційних, оглядових та проблемних публікаціях у провідних медичних та фармацевтичних виданнях. Актуальними напрямами процесів інтеграції медичної та фармацевтичної допомоги є створення та використання в системі охорони здоров’я комп’ютерних фармацевтичних баз знань. Обґрунтовано актуальність використання комп’ютеризації рецептурного обігу для вивчення доцільності впровадження в Україні позитивно апробованого на міжнародному рівні досвіду індивідуалізації (персоніфікації) лікування пацієнтів.
СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНА АДАПТАЦІЯ ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ ПОЛТАВСЬКОГО ДЕРЖАВНОГО МЕДИЧНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ
Authors: Іленко Н. М. , Бойченко О. М. , Іленко-Лобач Н. В.
Published: September 2023

Анотація. Соціально-психологічна адаптація – це процес подолання проблемних ситуацій особистістю, в ході якого вона використовує набуті на попередніх етапах свого розвитку навички соціалізації, що дозволяє їй взаємодіяти з групою без внутрішніх або зовнішніх конфліктів, продуктивно виконувати провідну діяльність, виправдовувати рольові очікування і, при цьому, самостверджуватись, задовольняти свої основні потреби. Життя людини тісно пов’язане з її професійною діяльністю, тому немає нічого більш важливого, аніж правильний вибір життєвого шляху та майбутньої діяльності. Для реалізації кожної людини, як соціального елементу, необхідно знайти своє місце в соціумі, що в подальшому дозволить реалізувати себе повною мірою, відчути радість від праці, яку виконуєш.

Процес адаптації особистості здобувачів до освітнього процесу в умовах воєнного стану – довгий і складний, а часом навіть дуже проблематичний. Він характеризується повною відмовою від звичного способу життя та входженням у нове невідоме доросле життя, в якому необхідно думати не тільки про навчання, а й про те, як вижити під час війни, убезпечити себе та своїх рідних, допомогти армії та країні.

Сьогодні колектив кафедри терапевтичної стоматології ПДМУ працює в офлайн-, змішаному та онлайн-режимі (на платформі Zoom). Змішана форма навчання складається з трьох ключових компонентів, таких, як: лекції, практичні заняття та безпосереднє спілкування викладача зі здобувачами (індивідуальна робота). Наразі лекційний матеріал представлений у формі презентацій та коротких конспектів усіх лекцій на сайті кафедри. Що ж до практичних занять, то тут також є зміни: передусім викладачі приділяють час психолого-педагогічній підтримці студентів, адже військові дії, повітряні тривоги та перманентний тривожний стан перешкоджають відчуттю «базової безпеки», необхідної для ґрунтовного засвоєння навчального матеріалу. За сприятливих умов (відсутність повітряних тривог та відключень електроенергії) значно збільшується час на опанування практичних навичок (робота з пацієнтами), щоб компенсувати недоліки виключно дистанційного навчання на початку війни. Викладачі кафедри індивідуально підходять до оцінювання кожного студента, адже сьогодні вони можуть готуватися до заняття в умовах тривалої відсутності світла, Інтернету, мобільного зв’язку.

Успішна соціально-психологічна адаптація до освітнього процесу в умовах воєнного стану забезпечує подальший розвиток здобувача освіти як особистості та майбутнього професіонала. Від того, наскільки швидко та ефективно здобувачі освіти подолають перешкоди в ході оволодіння професійними компетенціями, залежить, як вони реалізують свої здібності у сфері професійної діяльності та поза нею. В подальшому розвитку проблеми соціально-психологічної адаптації здобувачів планується розробити шляхи вирішення та вдосконалення методичних напрацювань, що надасть можливість кращого сприйняття ситуації в даний час.
Colecistite alitiásica aguda em pacientes na terapia intensiva: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Lima Manuela Izidio de , Fonseca Neto Olival Cirilo Lucena da
Published: September 2023

Introdução: A colecistite alitiásica aguda (CAA) consiste em uma inflamação da vesícula biliar sem a presença de cálculos biliares. É predominante em quadros pós-operatórios, em pacientes traumatizados ou nos internados em unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI) em razão de uma doença grave. A fisiopatologia da CAA apesar de ser associada a alguns fatores conhecidos, não é bem elucidada o que prejudica o desenvolvimento de ações preventivas, diagnósticas e terapêuticas levando assim, o aumento dos casos de óbito. Objetivo: Analisar e sintetizar os conhecimentos disponíveis sobre a CAA em pacientes em terapia intensiva. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura na base de dados PubMed, BVS e Web Of Science usando os descritores: “Colecistite acalculosa”, “Colecistite”, “Cuidados críticos” e “Diagnóstico”. Inicialmente, foram selecionados 60 artigos, sem limitação de lapso temporal, em português e/ou inglês, completo e gratuito. Após análise, 10 artigos corresponderam ao objetivo proposto. Resultados: A partir dos estudos foi demonstrado uma prevalência da CAA em pacientes do sexo masculino e com idade entre 45 - 73 anos. O motivo mais comum de internação na terapia intensiva foi pneumonia, infecções e traumas, tendo um intervalo mediano de 11 dias para o diagnóstico da CAA após a admissão na terapia intensiva e um tempo médio de internação de 26,5 dias. Foi observado que a influência da duração do uso da nutrição parenteral total, analgésicos, ventilação mecânica, drogas vasoativas e a duração do estado de choque foram fatores que contribuíram para o desenvolvimento da doença. Conclusão: Para o tratamento da colecistite alitiásica foi indicada a colecistectomia laparoscópica em pacientes com condições clínicas adequadas e a colecistostomia percutânea naqueles em piores condições clínicas por ser menos agressiva que a colecistectomia aberta ou laparoscópica.
MillenniumDB: An Open-Source Graph Database System
Authors: Vrgoč Domagoj , Rojas Carlos , Angles Renzo , Arenas Marcelo , Arroyuelo Diego , Buil-Aranda Carlos , Hogan Aidan , Navarro Gonzalo , Riveros Cristian , Romero Juan
Published: September 2023

In this systems paper, we present MillenniumDB: a novel graph database engine that is modular, persistent, and open source. MillenniumDB is based on a graph data model, which we call domain graphs, that provides a simple abstraction upon which a variety of popular graph models can be supported, thus providing a flexible data management engine for diverse types of knowledge graph. The engine itself is founded on a combination of tried and tested techniques from relational data management, state-of-the-art algorithms for worst-case-optimal joins, as well as graph-specific algorithms for evaluating path queries. In this paper, we present the main design principles underlying MillenniumDB, describing the abstract graph model and query semantics supported, the concrete data model and query syntax implemented, as well as the storage, indexing, query planning and query evaluation techniques used. We evaluate MillenniumDB over real-world data and queries from the Wikidata knowledge graph, where we find that it outperforms other popular persistent graph database engines (including both enterprise and open source alternatives) that support similar query features.
The Orthodox Woman: Jerome on the Relation Between Asceticism, Orthodoxy, and Gender
Authors: Pålsson Katarina
Published: September 2023

While previous scholarship has shown that the rhetorical figure of the “heretical woman” was important in Jerome’s slandering of male rivals, this article argues that the “orthodox woman” played a just as important role in his self-presentation as an orthodox teacher. The “orthodox woman” is characterized by true asceticism which, according to Jerome’s ascetic theology, implies that she transcends her sex. Rather than being a “woman”, in the ordinary sense of the word, she is an angelic being with a supernatural understanding, which allows her to discern the spiritual meaning of the Scriptures and to distinguish between orthodoxy and heresy. It is argued that the presentation of the “orthodox woman” as very learned, independent and strong-willed makes her the direct opposite of Jerome’s “heretical woman”, and that such a portrayal suited Jerome’s purposes, as his great reliance on women readers called for a defence of female spiritual authority.
A new overlooked species and a new record of Cyrtopodium (Cymbidieae, Orchidaceae) from Uruguay
Authors: BATISTA JOÃO A. N. , GONZÁLEZ ANDRÉS , CRUZ-LUSTRE GABRIELA
Published: September 2023

Cyrtopodium izaguirreae, a new species from Uruguay is described and compared with morphologically similar taxa. The species was previously mistaken with C. brandonianum, but differs by smaller flowers, proportionally shorter and broader leaves, and geographic distribution restricted to Uruguay. The pinkish lip resembles C. brandonianum and C. pallidum, but the new species is morphologically and geographically more related to C. kleinii. Cyrtopodium kleinii, previously known only from southern Brazil, is recorded for the first time for Uruguay, where it grows sympatrically with C. izaguirreae. Cyrtopodium brandonianum subsp. lageanum, with which the new species was also previously confused, is raised here to species rank, based on the extension of its known geographical distribution and on morphological, ecological and phenological differences from C. brandonianum subsp. brandonianum. A distribution map, images, conservation assessment, comments, list of materials examined and an identification key are also presented for the species addressed in this study.
Diverging Global Dry and Humid Heat Responses to Modern Irrigation
Authors: Chiang Felicia , Cook Benjamin I. , McDermid Sonali
Published: September 2023

The moderating influence of irrigation on dry heat extremes is well established, but the effect of irrigation on humid heat is more uncertain. Here, we study the impact of modern irrigation on both dry and humid heat-wave occurrences during the boreal summer using the NASA GISS Earth System Model (ModelE) with and without present-day irrigation. We show that the presence of modern irrigation reduces the total number of dry heat waves in most land areas, especially in arid and temperate regions. In contrast, humid heat waves occur more frequently under modern irrigation, especially in the Mediterranean Sea region, northern Africa, southern Africa, and the Middle East. Present-day irrigation reduces dry heat extremes by favoring latent heating over sensible heating and lowering surface solar radiation by increasing total cloud cover. Meanwhile, modern irrigation drives increases in humid heat through increases in specific humidity and precipitation. Notably, the reduction in dry heat is mostly localized over irrigated grid cells while humid heat increases both in locally irrigated areas and remote (nonirrigated) regions because of widespread increases in humidity associated with irrigation. Our results suggest that irrigation may amplify humid heat, even in nonirrigated areas, highlighting the importance of improving our understanding of both local and remote effects of the irrigation forcing on climate hazards.
Diverse Eurasian Temperature Responses to Arctic Sea Ice Loss in Models due to Varying Balance between Dynamic Cooling and Thermodynamic Warming
Authors: Zheng Cheng , Wu Yutian , Ting Mingfang , Screen James A. , Zhang Pengfei
Published: September 2023

Cold winters over Eurasia often coincide with warm winters in the Arctic, which has become known as the “warm Arctic–cold Eurasia” pattern. The extent to which this observed correlation is indicative of a causal response to sea ice loss is debated. Here, using large multimodel ensembles of coordinated experiments, we find that the Eurasian temperature response to Arctic sea ice loss is weak compared to internal variability and is not robust across climate models. We show that Eurasian cooling is driven by tropospheric and stratospheric circulation changes in response to sea ice loss but is counteracted by tropospheric thermodynamical warming, as the local warming induced by sea ice loss spreads into the midlatitudes by eddy advection. Although opposing effects of thermodynamical warming and dynamical cooling are found robustly across different models or different sea ice perturbations, their net effect varies in sign and magnitude across the models, resulting in diverse model temperature responses over Eurasia. The contributions from both tropospheric dynamics and thermodynamics show substantial intermodel spread. Although some of this spread in the Eurasian winter temperature response to sea ice loss may stem from model uncertainty, even with several hundred ensemble members, it is challenging to isolate model differences in the forced response from internal variability.
Assessment of an Experimental Version of fvGFS for TC Genesis Forecasting Ability in the Western North Pacific
Authors: Lin Shu-Jeng , Hsu Huang-Hsiung , Tu Chia-Ying , Chih Cheng-Hsiang
Published: September 2023

We evaluated the ability of the fvGFS with a 13-km resolution in simulating tropical cyclone genesis (TCG) by conducting hindcast experiments for 42 TCG events over 2018–19 in the western North Pacific (WNP). We observed an improved hit rate with a lead time of between 5 and 4 days; however, from 4- to 3-day lead time, no consistent improvement in the temporal and spatial errors of TCG was obtained. More “Fail” cases occurred when and where a low-level easterly background flow prevailed: from mid-August to September 2018 and after October 2019 and mainly in the eastern WNP. In “Hit” cases, 850-hPa streamfunction and divergence, 200-hPa divergence, and genesis potential index (GPI) provided favorable TCG conditions. However, the Hit–Fail case differences in other suggested factors (vertical wind shear, 700-hPa moisture, and SST) were nonsignificant. By contrast, the reanalysis used for validation showed only significant difference in 850-hPa streamfunction. We stratified the background flow of TCG into four types. The monsoon trough type (82%) provided the most favorable environmental conditions for successful hindcasts, followed by the subtropical high (45%), easterly (17%), and others (0%) types. These results indicated that fvGFS is more capable of enhancing monsoon trough circulation and provides a much better environment for TCG development but is less skillful in other types of background flow that provides weaker large-scale forcing. The results suggest that the most advanced high-resolution weather forecast models such as the fvGFS warrant further improvement to properly simulate the subtle circulation features (e.g., mesoscale convection system) that might provide seeds for TCG.

Significance Statement

This study provides an evaluation of tropical cyclone genesis prediction skill of fvGFS. Favorable large-scale environmental factors for successful prediction are identified. Skill dependence on environmental factors provides guidance for evaluating the reliability of a genesis forecast in advance.
A Visual-Vestibular Model to Predict Motion Sickness for Linear and Angular Motion
Authors: Sousa Schulman Daniel , Jalgaonkar Nishant , Ojha Sneha , Rivero Valles Ana , Jones Monica L. H. , Awtar Shorya
Published: September 2023

Objective

This study proposed a model to predict passenger motion sickness under the presence of a visual-vestibular conflict and assessed its performance with respect to previously recorded experimental data.

Background

While several models have been shown useful to predict motion sickness under repetitive motion, improvements are still desired in terms of predicting motion sickness in realistic driving conditions. There remains a need for a model that considers angular and linear visual-vestibular motion inputs in three dimensions to improve prediction of passenger motion sickness.

Method

The model combined the subjective vertical conflict theory and human motion perception models. The proposed model integrates visual and vestibular sensed 6 DoF motion signals in a novel architecture.

Results

Model prediction results were compared to motion sickness data obtained from studies conducted in motion simulators as well as on-road vehicle testing, yielding trends that are congruent with observed results in both cases.

Conclusion

The model demonstrated the ability to predict trends in motion sickness response for conditions in which a passenger performs a task on a handheld device versus facing forward looking ahead under realistic driving conditions. However, further analysis across a larger population is necessary to better assess the model’s performance.

Application

The proposed model can be used as a tool to predict motion sickness under different levels of visual-vestibular conflict. This can be leveraged to design interventions capable of mitigating passenger motion sickness. Further, this model can provide insights that aid in the development of passenger experiences inside autonomous vehicles.
Book review: Aditya Pratap Deo, Kings, Spirits and Memory in Central India: Enchanting the State
Authors: Das Budhaditya
Published: September 2023

Aditya Pratap Deo, Kings, Spirits and Memory in Central India: Enchanting the State. Routledge, 2022, 197 pp.
Book review: Santosh Kumar Rai, Weaving Hierarchies: Handloom Weavers in Early Twentieth Century United Provinces
Authors: Roy Tirthankar
Published: September 2023

Santosh Kumar Rai, Weaving Hierarchies: Handloom Weavers in Early Twentieth Century United Provinces. Primus Books, 2021, 540 pp.
Status of Women in Student Politics: Gender Imbalance in Student Leadership in Higher Education Institutions in Ghana from the 1960s to the Present
Authors: Anderson Eugenia Ama Breba
Published: September 2023

Across Ghana’s higher education institutions, women’s representation in student leadership has been generally low despite the gender-neutral requirement. Women’s participation in student leadership politics in Ghanaian higher education institutions, specifically universities, has received little attention from higher education and feminist scholars who have briefly mentioned or completely glossed it over. This intellectual omission makes this paper relevant. Here, it is argued that there is sufficient evidence to suggest that, despite the neutrality of student leadership policies, men dominate student politics. This paper problematises the question of gender inequality in student leadership, through the African feminist lens.