bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability in lidar-derived particle properties over West Africa due to changes in absorption: towards an understanding
Authors: Veselovskii Igor , Hu Qiaoyun , Goloub Philippe , Podvin Thierry , Korenskiy Mikhail , Derimian Yevgeny , Legrand Michel , Castellanos Patricia
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Measurements performed in western Africa (Senegal) during the SHADOW field
campaign are analyzed to show that spectral dependence of the imaginary part
of the complex refractive index (CRI) of dust can be revealed by
lidar-measured particle parameters. Observations in April 2015 provide good
opportunity for such study, because, due to high optical depth of the dust,
exceeding 0.5, the extinction coefficient could be derived from lidar
measurements with high accuracy and the contribution of other aerosol types,
such as biomass burning, was negligible. For instance, in the second half of
April 2015, AERONET observations demonstrated a temporal decrease in the
imaginary part of the CRI at 440 nm from approximately 0.0045 to 0.0025. This
decrease is in line with a change in the relationship between the lidar
ratios (the extinction-to-backscattering ratio) at 355 and 532 nm
(S355 and S532). For instance in the first half of April,
S355∕S532 is as high as 1.5 and the backscatter Ångström exponent,
Aβ, is as low as −0.75, while after 15 April
S355/S532=1.0 and Aβ is close to zero. The aerosol
depolarization ratio δ532 for the whole of April exceeded 30 %
in the height range considered, implying that no other aerosol, except dust,
occurred. The performed modeling confirmed that the observed
S355∕S532 and Aβ values match the spectrally dependent
imaginary part of the refractive index as can be expected for mineral dust
containing iron oxides. The second phase of the SHADOW campaign was
focused on evaluation of the lidar ratio of smoke and estimates of its
dependence on relative humidity (RH). For five studied smoke episodes the
lidar ratio increases from 44±5 to 66±7 sr at 532 nm and
from 62±6 to 80±8 sr at 355 nm, when RH varied from 25 %
to 85 %. Performed numerical simulations demonstrate that observed ratio
S355∕S532, exceeding 1.0 in the smoke plumes, can indicate an
increase in the imaginary part of the smoke particles in the ultraviolet
(UV) range.
Unsupervised classification of snowflake images using a generative adversarial network and K-medoids classification
Authors: Leinonen Jussi , Berne Alexis
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The increasing availability of sensors imaging cloud and precipitation particles, like the Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera (MASC), has resulted in datasets comprising millions of images of falling snowflakes. Automated classification is required for effective analysis of such large datasets. While supervised classification methods have been developed for this purpose in recent years, their ability to generalize is limited by the representativeness of their labeled training datasets, which are affected by the subjective judgment of the expert and require significant manual effort to derive. An alternative is unsupervised classification, which seeks to divide a dataset into distinct classes without expert-provided labels. In this paper, we introduce an unsupervised classification scheme based on a generative adversarial network (GAN) that learns to extract the key features from the snowflake images. Each image is then associated with a distribution of points in the feature space, and these distributions are used as the basis of K-medoids classification and hierarchical clustering. We found that the classification scheme is able to separate the dataset into distinct classes, each characterized by a particular size, shape and texture of the snowflake image, providing signatures of the microphysical properties of the snowflakes. This finding is supported by a comparison of the results to an existing supervised scheme. Although training the GAN is computationally intensive, the classification process proceeds directly from images to classes with minimal human intervention and therefore can be repeated for other MASC datasets with minor manual effort. As the algorithm is not specific to snowflakes, we also expect this approach to be relevant to other applications.
Optimal water use strategies for mitigating high urban temperatures
Authors: Liu Bin , Xie Zhenghui , Liu Shuang , Zeng Yujing , Li Ruichao , Wang Longhuan , Wang Yan , Jia Binghao , Qin Peihua , Chen Si , Xie Jinbo , Shi Chunxiang
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Urban irrigation and road sprinkling are methods for mitigating high urban temperatures which are expected to enhance evapotranspiration and affect the urban weather, climate, and environment, and the optimization of limited water supplies is necessary in regions with water shortages. In this study, we implemented urban water usage schemes such as urban irrigation and road sprinkling in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, and assessed their effects with different amounts of water in city centers, suburbs, and rural areas by using the WRF model at a resolution of 1-km Beijing, China. In addition, we developed an optimization scheme with a cooling effect as the optimal objective and the total water supply as the constraint condition. Nonlinear relationships were identified between the cooling effect and water consumption for both road sprinkling and urban irrigation, and the cooling effect due to urban irrigation was more effective than that attributed to road sprinkling. Based on the optimal water management scheme and according to the Beijing's 13th Five Year Plan, about 90 % of the total water supply should be used for urban irrigation and 10 % for road sprinkling as the most effective approach for decreasing urban temperatures by about 1.9 °C.
Characterisation of Intra-hourly Wind Power Ramps at the Wind Farm Scale and Associated Processes
Authors: Pichault Mathieu , Vincent Claire , Skidmore Grant , Monty Jason
Published: June 2020

Abstract. One of the main factors contributing to wind power forecast inaccuracies is the occurrence of large changes in wind power output over a short amount of time, also called ramp events. In this paper, we assess the behaviour and causality of 1183 ramp events at a large wind farm site located in Victoria (southeast Australia). We address the relative importance of primary engineering and meteorological processes inducing ramps through an automatic ramp categorisation scheme. Ramp features such as ramp amplitude, shape, diurnal cycle and seasonality, are further discussed and several case studies are presented. It is shown that ramps at the study site are mostly associated with frontal activity (46 %) and convective processes (29 %), and that wind power fluctuations tend to plateau before and after the ramps. The research further demonstrates the wide range of temporal scales and behaviours inherent to intra-hourly wind power ramps at the wind farm scale.
De volta à normativa da Ordem de Calatrava: Novo testemunho das Definições de finais do século XIII
Authors: Oliveira Luís Filipe
Published: June 2020

El descubrimiento de otro testimonio de las Definiciones de la Orden de Calatrava de finales del siglo XIII entre los códices del monasterio de Alcobaça, hoy conservados en la Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal, en Lisboa, fue el punto de partida de este trabajo. Esas definiciones de Calatrava se publicaron en 2015, pero a partir de una versión incompleta y con lagunas, transmitida en portugués por un códice del convento de Avis, compilado en la segunda mitad del siglo XV. El nuevo testimonio de estas definiciones descubierto en Alcobaça, también en una traducción al portugués de 1439-1440, no solo es más completo, sino que ofrece muchas variantes preferibles. Publicado en el anexo, trae noticias importantes sobre las definiciones de Calatrava de finales del siglo XIII, promulgadas por el capítulo general de Císter para regular aspectos decisivos de la vida interna de la orden, que eran entonces causa de tensión y de discordia entre los freiles. Entre ellos, estaba la recepción de novicios y el ritual de la profesión, la elección de los maestres y la división de los bienes de la orden, o la duración y el ritmo de las visitas del abad de Morimond. Si las definiciones nos ayudan a conocer el ambiente que caracterizó la vida de la orden a finales del siglo XIII, su traducción al portugués permite detectar, por otro lado, las razones dictadas por el interés del monasterio de Alcobaça que hallamos detrás de la normativa de Calatrava
Os animais na Crónica troiana
Authors: Chambel Pedro
Published: June 2020

En la Edad Media, la presencia en textos literarios de animales solía ser portadora de signos, cuya decodificación permite una comprensión más completa de las narraciones. La creencia de que la naturaleza era una manifestación del poder creativo de la divinidad y que, como las Sagradas Escrituras, debía interpretarse en función de los símbolos presentes en ella, está en el origen de esta característica de las mentalidades medievales. En la Crónica troiana, una novela gallega del siglo XIV, los animales están presentes con significados que van más allá de la mera referencia textual: destacan las características principales de la obra, contribuyen a la caracterización de los personajes principales y sirven de pretexto para la introducción de varios episodios, como el tema del amor cortés. A lo largo del artículo descubrimos las funciones que los animales asumen en la narrativa, enfatizando cómo todavía está influenciada por la épica medieval
Negociar el pago de la alcabala. Los contratos de avenencia en Toledo a principios del siglo XVI1
Authors: Rozas Español Ángel
Published: June 2020

La avenencia es un contrato notarial mediante el cual se paga de forma concentrada un impuesto indirecto como la alcabala. En este trabajo se analizan este tipo de contratos en un periodo de inestabilidad fiscal, como son los años 1506-1508. A lo largo del trabajo se evalúa la extensión de esta forma de pago entre los vecinos de la ciudad de Toledo, las razones por las que se recurre a este mecanismo de recaudación y las formas de negociación que se establecen entre arrendadores y contribuyentes para fijar el precio de la avenencia.
Ficción radiofónica en tiempos de crisis: Ficción Sonora de RNE (2009-2015)
Authors: Hernando Lera Marta , López Vidales Nereida , Gómez Rubio Leire
Published: June 2020

En la presente aportación se ofrecen los datos obtenidos tras una investigación[1] en la se han recopilado y analizando las ficciones radiofónicas incluidas dentro del espacio Ficción Sonora de RNE entre los años 2009 y 2015. Mediante el análisis de contenido establecemos las principales características de la ficción emitida en esos años ya que la consideramos responsable del mantenimiento del género en la radio española en la actualidad. El medio se adaptaba a los nuevos públicos y demandas del mercado.

 

[1] Investigación realizada en el seno del Doctorado en Español. Lingüística, Literatura y Comunicación. Tesis Doctoral Ficción Sonora. Análisis de contenido de las emisiones en Radio Nacional de España (2009-2015) (inédita), defendida en la Universidad de Valladolid en octubre de 2017.
El cómic cubano a lo largo de la historia: su papel en la consolidación del poder político y como instrumento de subversión".
Authors: Contreras Delia
Published: June 2020

La historieta cubana emergió en el siglo XIX durante los años del dominio español. Desde entonces, este medio de expresión ha sido utilizado en los distintos períodos de la historia de Cuba, como un instrumento para la consolidación del poder político y como vehículo de subversión. En este contexto se realiza un breve recorrido por la historia del cómic o historieta cubana, durante el período colonial, neocolonial y revolucionario, con dos objetivos fundamentales: analizar la contribución de estas publicaciones a la permanencia del régimen político vigente, en el momento en que veían la luz e identificar aquellas historietas que se editaron de forma clandestina, con el propósito de erosionar las estructuras del orden establecido.
Radio Nacional de España en el laberinto franquista. La construcción de la radio estatal tras la Guerra Civil (1939-1945)
Authors: Gómez García Salvador , Martín Quevedo Juan
Published: June 2020

Este artículo analiza Radio Nacional de España en la inmediata posguerra. Con una gran carestía material y humana, y una legislación en desarrollo, el franquismo se vio obligado a redefinir una radio que se había planteado para la Guerra Civil y adaptarla para una nueva etapa. Ello obligó a actuar sobre dos ejes: por un lado, el desarrollo de una administración centralizada que permitiera gestionar los escasos y dispersos recursos de la forma más eficiente posible, en lo que tuvo un papel muy destacado REDERA. Por otro, la planificación y construcción de una infraestructura, particularmente a través del complejo de Arganda, que permitiera una apropiada cobertura nacional e internacional.
El cartel de cine en la cultura remix
Authors: Márquez Israel
Published: June 2020

El cartel de cine es uno de los elementos característicos de la publicidad cinematográfica, un formato que ha acompañado al séptimo arte desde sus mismos orígenes como medio de comunicación de masas. En los últimos años, el interés por el cartel de cine ha decaído, dada su progresiva integración en campañas publicitarias más amplias y la respectiva pérdida de su posición privilegiada como forma de promocionar una película. Sin embargo, gracias a la digitalización y a Internet, el cartel cinematográfico parece estar viviendo una especie de “segunda vida” cuyas manifestaciones, alcance y significado apenas han sido abordados académicamente. Este trabajo busca, por un lado, rescatar un formato icónico-escritural en gran medida olvidado por los estudios de comunicación, y, en segundo lugar, analizarlo en el marco de la actual cultura digital y de lo que se ha dado en llamar “cultura remix”.
Los intelectuales y el “espacio de opinión” mediático: el caso de La desfachatez intelectual
Authors: Pecourt Gracia Juan
Published: June 2020

Este artículo analiza la controversia provocada por la publicación del libro La Desfachatez intelectual (2016) de Ignacio Sánchez Cuenca, dentro del “espacio de opinión” español. Se observará la evolución histórica y organización interna del espacio de opinión, los recursos sociales de algunos actores destacados, así como los géneros intelectuales utilizados y defendidos por sus protagonistas. En este contexto, La desfachatez intelectual pretende transformar las reglas de juego del espacio y, al mismo tiempo, redefinir el equilibrio de poderes entre los diferentes campos sociales que lo conforman.
Yeast communities structure in fruits of different native plant species of brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Ferreira Coelho Lucas Gabriel , Moreira Geisianny Augusta Monteiro , Bomfim Catharine Abreu , Martins do Vale Helson Mario
Published: June 2020

In this study, we evaluated the occurrence and diversity of endophytic and total (endophytic + epiphytic) yeasts in fruits of seven Cerrado native plant species in two Conservation Units from the Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil. Healthy and mature fruits were collected for the isolation of yeasts using MYGP medium. After five days, the colonies were counted and the morphologically distinct yeasts were isolated axenic culture. The molecular identification of the isolates was performed using ITS region (rDNA). A total of 69 specimens of yeasts were isolated. The Guapira graciliflora (endophytic) and Ouratea hexasperma (total) hosts had higher yeast densities per gram of fruit and together with the Brosimum gaudichaudii showed higher species diversity. Yeasts belonging to the Ascomycota Phylum were predominant. The most frequent genera of yeasts were Candida, Aureobasidium and Hannaella. Others genera such as Hanseniaspora, Meyerozyma, Filobasidium, Cryptococcus, Symmetrospora, Sirobasidium, Meira, Rhodosporidiobolus, Papiliotrema and Erythrobasidium were identified. This is the first report of the occurrence of endophytic yeasts in fruits of G. graciliflora and represents the host with greater density and diversity of species of endophytic yeasts. In addition, expands the knowledge about the occurrence of yeasts associated with the fruits of seven native plant species of the Cerrado.
Research on milk homogenization in the stream homogenizer with separate cream feeding
Authors: Samoichuk Kyrylo , Zhuravel Dmytro , Viunyk Olga , Milko Dmytro , Bondar Andrii , Sukhenko Yuriy , Sukhenko Vladyslav , Adamchuk Leonora , Sergey Denisenko
Published: June 2020

Homogenization, which is used in the technological schemes of production of most dairy products, is the most energy-intensive of the processes of mechanical processing of milk. One promising way to increase the energy efficiency of homogenization is to use separate homogenization and to use a little-researched stream homogenizer with separate cream feeding. The principle of its action is to pre-divide milk into cream and skim milk, and feed the fat phase with a thin stream into the stream of skim milk. This creates the conditions for achieving the high value of the Weber criterion - the main factor in the dispersion of milk fat. The purpose of these researches is to conduct experimental studies and determine the energy consumption and quality of homogenization of milk after treatment in a stream homogenizer. To achieve this goal, a designed experimental setup was used. The dispersive indices of the milk emulsion were determined by computer analysis of micrographs of milk samples obtained with an optical microscope and a digital camera using Microsoft Office Excel and Microsoft Visual Studio C # software using the OpenCV Sharp library. As a result of experimental studies, the critical value of the Weber criterion for homogenization of milk was determined, which is 28. The regularities of dispersion of milk fat in a stream homogenizer with separate feeding of the fat phase have been established. It is determined that the milk treatment in the experimental homogenizer allows us to achieve an emulsion with an average size of fat globules of about 0.8 μm (at the level of valve homogenizers). The value of the homogenization coefficient is obtained for the disruption of the fat globule in the conditions: subject to a single effect on the emulsion, without the influence of vibration and cavitation. This homogenization coefficient equals 3300 m3/2.s-1.
Is GNSS real-time positioning a reliable option to validate erosion studies at olive grove environments?
Authors: Garrido-Carretero María S. , Ramos-Galán María I. , De Lacy-Pérez de los Cobos María C. , Blanca-Mena Sergio , Gil-Cruz Antonio J.
Published: June 2020

Aim of study: Soil degradation in agricultural areas is a widespread problem. In this framework, a data validation methodology is presented, including a study of the spatial resolution of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements, the calculation of erosion/deposition models, and the contribution of dual frequency and low-cost single frequency GNSS receivers.Area of study: A test olive grove in SE Spain.Material and methods: The study is based on three observation campaigns, between 2016 and 2018, using different GNSS receivers and working modes. The comparison between different surveys provide the volumetric variation over the analyzed period.Main results: Considering the dual-frequency receiver, there was no statistically significant difference between the means and the variances from 1.5 m and from 4.5 m data resolution at the 0.05 significance level. In order to estimate vertical differences from successive GNSS campaigns a differential digital elevation approach was applied. Although the differences depended on the zone of the test area and they changed along the monitoring period, the erosion rate could be catalogued as very low. The dual-frequency receiver satisfied the vertical centimetric precision limits for high accurate Digital Elevation Model (DEM), making it a reliable and accurate option to validate erosion studies in small areas.Research highlights: The results have allowed the characterization of multi-annual spatial redistribution of the topsoil at local scale, being of great help to design future prevention actions for the “tillage erosion” in olive grove environments. However, more tests are needed to guarantee the feasibility of low-cost receivers.
Expanding the hospital incident command system with a physician-centric role during a pandemic: The role of the physician clinical support supervisor
Authors: Persoff Jason , Patel Hemali , Singh Sarguni , Ehrenfeucht Cathy , Kutner Jean , Little Charles , Tevis Sarah E.
Published: June 2020

The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic is the largest mass effect incident in a century, requiring hospitals to consider how best to adapt the Hospital Incident Command System for a sustained pandemic. Given the scope of the pandemic a central position is required to improve the flow of information to providers, the flow from providers to the Incident Commander, and the overall coordination between diverse service lines and specialties. We describe a novel position, the Physician Clinical Support Supervisor, a position that has three primary functions during disaster operations: liaison, coordinator, and advocate. This role proved critical in day-to-day operations and facilitated highly effective communication up and down the chain of command, created a single point-person to coordinate multiple service lines and specialties, and served as a primary advocate for front-line workers and command.
Self-Esteem and Body Appreciation in Students of Sports Sciences Faculty: A Structural Equation Model
Authors: Çelik Okan Burçak , Güngör Nuri Berk
Published: June 2020

The aim of this research is to examine the body appreciation and self-esteem levels of sports sciences faculty students. In this study, it was used relational screening model that is one of the quantitative reserch methods. The research group of the study was composed of students who study in Faculty of Sports Sciences in Gazi University. In study, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Body Appreciation Scale (BAS) were used as data collection tools. The Pearson Moments Product Correlation, structural equation model and path analysis independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, percentage, frequency and descriptive statistics were used in data analysis. As a result of the research, it was determined that the self-esteem of students of sports sciences faculty is at an average level. In addition, it was found that the level of participants’ appreciating their own body was high. Moreover, it was concluded that self-esteem of female participants was higher than male participants, athletes in team sports has higher self-esteem than athletes in individual sports, 40-55 kg participants had a higher body appreciation score than 101 and over kg participants. Finally, it was concluded that the level of body appreciation increases as the level of self-esteem increases. As a conclusion of this study, it can be said that higher body appreciation correlated with higher self-esteem.
Ambiente Colaborativo baseado em Arduino, RFID, QR Code e Visualização de Dados para Auxílio na Identificação de Animais Perdidos
Authors: Lemes Maria Vitoria Nunes , Coleti Thiago Adriano , Do Nascimento Luiz Fernando  Legore , Coelho Ricardo Gonçalves
Published: June 2020

Há uma grande dificuldade em se localizar um animal doméstico perdido e, muitas vezes, eles não possuem nenhum tipo de identificação. Uma das opções para identificação são os microchips, que são implantados sob a pele do animal. Porém, é preciso que alguém encontre o animal e o leve a um veterinário que possua o leitor de microchip para identificá-lo e por conseguinte encontre seu dono. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um ambiente colaborativo utilizando as tecnologias Arduino, RFID e QR Code para auxiliar o monitoramento e identificação de animais domésticos perdidos. O ambiente desenvolvido permite o ingresso de pessoas para participarem de modo colaborativo. Para a coleta de dados foi desenvolvido um protótipo que permite monitorar as ocorrências de animais em um comedouro, coletando dados por meio de um leitor e uma tag RFID.
Desenvolvimento e Análise de Algoritmos Aplicados na Predição de Acidentes em Ambiente Fabril
Authors: Ksenhuck Brayan C. , Vieira Mário E. M. , Lechuga Thiago A. , Bezerra Fabrício O. , Corrêa Pedro L. P.
Published: June 2020

Acidentes de trabalho é um tema relevante, principalmente quando temos uma realidade no Brasil onde ocorreram mais de meio milhão de ocorrências no ano de 2017. Na empresa onde este projeto foi realizado da área de Alimentação e Bebidas, não diferente do cenário nacional, é abordado como um tema crítico, necessitando-se de uma abordagem focada para resolver este problema. Este trabalho apresenta um caso de estudo de um planejamento de 10 anos para diminuição nos acidentes de trabalho, concluindo-se na entrega de um algoritmo de predição de acidentes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo de predição e analisar os resultados de cinco diferentes algoritmos para indicar a probabilidade de possíveis acidentes nas cervejarias, sendo possível tomar ações preventivas. Como escopo de análise, foram abordados os algoritmos, Random Forest, Regressão Logística, Classificador XGB, Linear SVC, SVC. O algoritmo que obteve a melhor desempenho, utilizando a métrica ROC_AUC como determinante, foi o Support Vector Clustering (SVC) com 73,75%. Com este, o modelo realiza a predição com aproximadamente 62% de precisão e 74% de recall. O principal diferencial deste trabalho é a publicação do código fonte como software livre na plataforma GitHub para aplicação em outras empresas de manufatura, bens de consumo, entre outras.
Themen, Motive und Mainstreaming in rechtsextremen Online-Memes
Authors: Schmitt Josephine B. , Harles Danilo , Rieger Diana
Published: June 2020

Memes (z. B. in Form von Bildmakros) sind nicht nur Teil des alltäglichen Umgangs mit digitalen Medien, sie finden sich auch im Rahmen politisch rechter Online-Kommunikationspraxen wieder. Die Studie befasst sich im Rahmen einer Inhaltsanalyse von Memes, die von einer Meldestelle für Online-Hetze dokumentiert wurden, mit folgenden Fragen: Inwiefern zeigen die Memes zentrale Aspekte rechtsextremer Ideologien? Welchen thematischen Clustern lassen sich die Memes zuordnen? Inwiefern lassen sich Strategien des Mainstreamings erkennen, welche die Attraktivität und Anschlussfähigkeit der Inhalte erhöhen sollen? Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass die Memes zentrale Elemente rechtsextremer Ideologien wie Bezüge zum (historischen) Nationalsozialismus, zu Antisemitismus und Rassismus aufweisen. Dabei lassen sie sich hinsichtlich ihrer zentralen visuellen Motive sowie der thematisierten Feindbilder gruppieren. Als wesentliche Mainstreaming-Strategie rechtsextremer Positionen findet sich insbesondere Humor.
Librarians’ Elections and Voting Toolkit
Authors: Ebbay Azalea , Guerrero Shelly , Hamlin-Black Megan , Purdie Leslie
Published: June 2020

The American Library Association Emerging Leaders Program provides the opportunity for new library professionals from across the country to collaborate on team projects and find solutions to issues within the profession. In 2019 the Government Documents Round Table (GODORT) proposed an Emerging Leaders Team (EL Team) project that centered around the GODORT Education Committee’s prototype toolkit for librarians to help them answer voting and elections reference questions. The goals of the project involved developing design recommendations, a marketing plan, and implementation recommendations. The project took place between January to June 2019.
Functional Impairment, Symptom Burden, and Clinical Outcomes Among Hospitalized Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Lage Daniel E. , El-Jawahri Areej , Fuh Charn-Xin , Newcomb Richard A. , Jackson Vicki A. , Ryan David P. , Greer Joseph A. , Temel Jennifer S. , Nipp Ryan D.
Published: June 2020

Background:National guidelines recommend regular measurement of functional status among patients with cancer, particularly those who are elderly or high-risk, but little is known about how functional status relates to clinical outcomes among hospitalized patients with advanced cancer. The goal of this study was to investigate how functional impairment is associated with symptom burden and healthcare utilization and clinical outcomes.Patients and Methods:We conducted a prospective observational study of patients with advanced cancer with unplanned hospitalizations at Massachusetts General Hospital from September 2014 through March 2016. Upon admission, nurses assessed patients’ activities of daily living (ADLs; mobility, feeding, bathing, dressing, and grooming). Patients with any ADL impairment on admission were classified as having functional impairment. We used the revised Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS-r) and Patient Health Questionnaire-4 to assess physical and psychological symptoms, respectively. Multivariable regression models were used to assess the relationships between functional impairment, hospital length of stay, and survival.Results:Among 971 patients, 390 (40.2%) had functional impairment. Those with functional impairment were older (mean age, 67.18 vs 60.81 years;P<.001) and had a higher physical symptom burden (mean ESAS physical score, 35.29 vs 30.85;P<.001) compared with those with no functional impairment. They were also more likely to report moderate-to-severe pain (74.9% vs 63.1%;P<.001) and symptoms of depression (38.3% vs 23.6%;P<.001) and anxiety (35.9% vs 22.4%;P<.001). Functional impairment was associated with longer hospital length of stay (β = 1.29;P<.001) and worse survival (hazard ratio, 1.73;P<.001).Conclusions:Hospitalized patients with advanced cancer who had functional impairment experienced a significantly higher symptom burden and worse clinical outcomes compared with those without functional impairment. These findings provide evidence supporting the routine assessment of functional status on hospital admission and using this to inform discharge planning, discussions about prognosis, and the development of interventions addressing patients’ symptoms and physical function.
BOLESTI ZAVISNOSTI KOJE NISU UZROKOVANE PSIHOAKTIVNIM SUPSTANCAMA
Authors: Rosić Marija
Published: June 2020

Iako je pojam ‘zavisnost’ istorijski povezan s patološkom upotrebom psihoaktivnih supstanci, medicinskaistraživanja tokom posljednjih nekoliko decenija promijenila su naše razumijevanje ovog poremećaja. Postalo jeočigledno da su različita ponašanja takođe dio ove bolesti. Postoji mnogo dokaza da se zavisnosti opsihoaktivnim supstancama i bihejvioralne zavisnosti preklapaju u više segmenata, uključujuci komorbiditet, tokbolesti, genetsku i neurobiološku podlogu, razvoj tolerancije i mogućnost tretmana. Zavisnosti koje nisu u vezisa psihoaktivnom supstancom tema su mnogih rasprava. Od samog početka usmjeravanja pažnje naučnika naovaj fenomen, postajala su podijeljena mišljenja među njima, a sada kada je pojam bihejvioralnih adikcijazvanično uvršten u evropske i američke dijagnostičke priručnike postoji strah od medikalizacije i‘patologiziranja’ čitavog niza uobičajnog, a možda i neophodnog ljudskog ponašanja. Sa druge strane,prihvatanjem ovih stanja kao patologije savremene civilizacije, moglo bi se pomoći pojedincu i njegovoj okolinikada oni i nisu svjesni težine svoga stanja. Cilj ovog rada jeste da ukaže na savremeni problem koji se sve višeširi među mlađim generacijama, na njegove oblike i simptome.
Migration as a threat to security of the accepting society: peculiarities of perception of the native population
Authors: Prokhoda Vladimir
Published: June 2020

This research is based on the materials of the fifth wave of the cross-national sociological project “European Values Study”. The conceptual framework consists in the theory of a complex threat, describing the key components of the perceived threat that lead to prejudice between social groups. The subject of this research is the peculiarities of the perception of migration by native population as a potential threat to the security of the accepting society. Special attention is paid to the description of current migration situation in Europe. The article reviews the realistic and symbolic threats of migration through the prism of public opinion of the native population. It is stated that the European countries significantly differ depending on perception of migration threats by the native population. The author notes that population of the countries with developed economy mostly do not feel competition with the migrants on the job market. A conclusion is made that in the conditions of Russia’s unstable national economy and pressure of sanctions, the migrants seem to Russians as a serious threat on the job market. It is evident that in the European countries the migrants are largely perceived as a source of criminality. The research determines the factors affecting rejection of migrants in modern Russia. The author offers the typology of European countries based on peculiarities of perception of migration threats by the native population.
Assessment of the regulatory impact in the social sphere of the Russian Federation
Authors: Pavlisova Tat'yana Evgen'evna
Published: June 2020

The subject of this research is the existing in the Russian practice procedures for assessment of projects of normative legal acts from the perspective of their impact upon the social sphere. Analysis is conducted on the interconnection between negative social processes in the Russian society, as well as absence of state interest in assessing social impact of various transformations in the social sphere and their normative manifestation. The author examines the approaches towards assessment of regulatory impact that are established in international documents and conserve as a base for developing conceptual foundation and methodology of assessing social influence, as well as principles that need to be places in the basis of assessment of the regulatory impact in the social sphere. The scientific novelty of this study consists in the fact that for the first time in Russian literature the author poses the problem of the need to assess not only the economic, but also social consequences of projects, solutions and their normative expression. An attempt is made to conceptualize the foundation for such assessment and formulate its principles vase on the existing international law.
Vexed questions of legal definition of unfair competition
Authors: Shcherbatykh Vladislav Igorevich
Published: June 2020

The subject of this research is the legal definition of the concept of “unfair competition” established by the Federal Law “On Protection of Competition”. The goal of this research is to analyze the content of this legal definition, determine its elements, as well as assess the legal definition from the perspective of its unambiguousness and correspondence to the goal of regulation of relations pertaining to protection from unfair competition, including through the analysis of the existing views within the doctrine. The novelty of this research consists in the critical analysis of the existing within legal science approaches towards assessment of legal definition of unfair competition formulated in Russian legislation, as well as postulation of a previously undiscussed problem pertaining to establishment of such sign of unfair competition as possibility of causing losses. The conclusion is made on correspondence of the legal definition of unfair competition in the current legislation to the goals of efficient protection of competition contrary to critical assessments that are prevalent within the doctrine, as well as on the necessity to form a uniform approach of the practice towards proving the possibility of inflicting losses as a sign of unfair competition.
Procedure-Specific Hardware Removal After Evans Osteotomy
Authors: DeHeer Patrick A. , Patel Shrunjay , Standish Sarah N.
Published: June 2020

Background

The Evans osteotomy is a widely used procedure for the correction of adult and pediatric flexible flatfoot deformity. Locking plates are commonly used to stabilize the osteotomy and the allograft. However, there have been incidences of soft-tissue irritation caused by the hardware, requiring subsequent hardware removal. Therefore, we sought to review whether age, sex, or laterality of the procedure had any correlation with the rate of hardware removal.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed of 47 consecutive patients who underwent an Evans calcaneal osteotomy between October 1, 2013, and October 1, 2016. Data were collected and analyzed based on age, sex, laterality, and the need for hardware removal.

Results

All of the 47 patients met the inclusion criteria. Seventy procedures were performed, and hardware removal was required in 16 patients and 21 feet (30%). The only statistically significant finding was that 11 females and only five males required either unilateral or bilateral hardware removal (P = .039). All 16 patients reported complete pain relief after hardware removal.

Conclusions

Females are twice as likely as males to develop symptoms after locking plate application over an Evans osteotomy and may require hardware removal. Despite the low-profile nature of the locking plate to fixate the Evans osteotomy, the hardware can be a source of significant pain. Patients, especially females, should be cautioned about potential hardware-related pain and a possible follow-up procedure to remove the hardware.
An image-based data-driven analysis of cellular architecture in a developing tissue
Authors: Hartmann Jonas , Wong Mie , Gallo Elisa , Gilmour Darren
Published: June 2020

Quantitative microscopy is becoming increasingly crucial in efforts to disentangle the complexity of organogenesis, yet adoption of the potent new toolbox provided by modern data science has been slow, primarily because it is often not directly applicable to developmental imaging data. We tackle this issue with a newly developed algorithm that uses point cloud-based morphometry to unpack the rich information encoded in 3D image data into a straightforward numerical representation. This enabled us to employ data science tools, including machine learning, to analyze and integrate cell morphology, intracellular organization, gene expression and annotated contextual knowledge. We apply these techniques to construct and explore a quantitative atlas of cellular architecture for the zebrafish posterior lateral line primordium, an experimentally tractable model of complex self-organized organogenesis. In doing so, we are able to retrieve both previously established and novel biologically relevant patterns, demonstrating the potential of our data-driven approach.
Flexible motor sequence generation during stereotyped escape responses
Authors: Wang Yuan , Zhang Xiaoqian , Xin Qi , Hung Wesley , Florman Jeremy , Huo Jing , Xu Tianqi , Xie Yu , Alkema Mark J , Zhen Mei , Wen Quan
Published: June 2020

Complex animal behaviors arise from a flexible combination of stereotyped motor primitives. Here we use the escape responses of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to study how a nervous system dynamically explores the action space. The initiation of the escape responses is predictable: the animal moves away from a potential threat, a mechanical or thermal stimulus. But the motor sequence and the timing that follow are variable. We report that a feedforward excitation between neurons encoding distinct motor states underlies robust motor sequence generation, while mutual inhibition between these neurons controls the flexibility of timing in a motor sequence. Electrical synapses contribute to feedforward coupling whereas glutamatergic synapses contribute to inhibition. We conclude that C. elegans generates robust and flexible motor sequences by combining an excitatory coupling and a winner-take-all operation via mutual inhibition between motor modules.
Diverse nucleosome Site-Selectivity among histone deacetylase complexes
Authors: Wang Zhipeng A , Millard Christopher J , Lin Chia-Liang , Gurnett Jennifer E , Wu Mingxuan , Lee Kwangwoon , Fairall Louise , Schwabe John WR , Cole Philip A
Published: June 2020

Histone acetylation regulates chromatin structure and gene expression and is removed by histone deacetylases (HDACs). HDACs are commonly found in various protein complexes to confer distinct cellular functions, but how the multi-subunit complexes influence deacetylase activities and site-selectivities in chromatin is poorly understood. Previously we reported the results of studies on the HDAC1 containing CoREST complex and acetylated nucleosome substrates which revealed a notable preference for deacetylation of histone H3 acetyl-Lys9 vs. acetyl-Lys14 (Wu et al, 2018). Here we analyze the enzymatic properties of five class I HDAC complexes: CoREST, NuRD, Sin3B, MiDAC and SMRT with site-specific acetylated nucleosome substrates. Our results demonstrate that these HDAC complexes show a wide variety of deacetylase rates in a site-selective manner. A Gly13 in the histone H3 tail is responsible for a sharp reduction in deacetylase activity of the CoREST complex for H3K14ac. These studies provide a framework for connecting enzymatic and biological functions of specific HDAC complexes.
Support for Good Peer Review in OJS-based Journals
Authors: Ekanger Aysa , Enoksen Solveig
Published: June 2020

How can a library publishing service with limited resources help editorial teams of peer-reviewed journals in their work? This paper focuses on the technical aspects of the peer review workflow that, if set up and adhered to properly, can contribute to improving the standard of the peer review process – and to some degree also the quality of peer review. The discussion is based on the work done at Septentrio Academic Publishing, the institutional service provider for open access publishing at UiT The Arctic University of Norway.
UiT goes open – innledningen til et festlig skrift
Authors: Aspaas Per Pippin , Ekanger Aysa , Raade Johanne
Published: June 2020

Vårsemesteret 2020 runder Stein Høydalsvik 67 år. Samtidig går han over til en tilværelse som pensjonist, etter å ha brukt 23 av sine yrkesaktive år i Universitetets og Universitetsbibliotekets tjeneste. Med Steins hjelp er UiT Norges arktiske universitet blitt en spydspiss innen åpen vitenskap. Mye som i dag er standard i sektoren, ble først pilotert ved UiT under Steins kyndige veiledning. Tjenester innen tidsskriftpublisering, forskningsdatakuratering, master- og doktorgradstilgjengeliggjøring er implementert og raffinert i senere år. En internasjonalt anerkjent konferanse om vitenskapelig publisering er etablert. Fond for åpen publisering, aktiv åpen arkivering av vitenskapelige artikler, en internasjonal, gratis søketjeneste for åpent tilgjengelig forskning om det polare, med mer. Det er få mennesker som evner å sette så markante spor etter seg som Stein. Ikke at han har gjort alt dette selv, men bak svært mye som har foregått ved UiT og ved Universitetsbiblioteket især, har Stein vært en initiator eller inspirator. Det er hans livsverk som UiT-ansatt vi feirer med dette skriftet.
A de novo assembly of the sweet cherry (Prunus avium cv. Tieton) genome using linked-read sequencing technology
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Liu Weizhen , Zhu Dongzi , Zhou Xiang , Hong Po , Zhao Hongjun , Tan Yue , Chen Xin , Zong Xiaojuan , Xu Li , Zhang Lisi , Wei Hairong , Liu Qingzhong
Published: June 2020

The sweet cherry (Prunus avium) is one of the most economically important fruit species in the world. However, there is a limited amount of genetic information available for this species, which hinders breeding efforts at a molecular level. We were able to describe a high-quality reference genome assembly and annotation of the diploid sweet cherry (2n = 2x = 16) cv. Tieton using linked-read sequencing technology. We generated over 750 million clean reads, representing 112.63 GB of raw sequencing data. The Supernova assembler produced a more highly-ordered and continuous genome sequence than the current P. avium draft genome, with a contig N50 of 63.65 KB and a scaffold N50 of 2.48 MB. The final scaffold assembly was 280.33 MB in length, representing 82.12% of the estimated Tieton genome. Eight chromosome-scale pseudomolecules were constructed, completing a 214 MB sequence of the final scaffold assembly. De novo, homology-based, and RNA-seq methods were used together to predict 30,975 protein-coding loci. 98.39% of core eukaryotic genes and 97.43% of single copy orthologues were identified in the embryo plant, indicating the completeness of the assembly. Linked-read sequencing technology was effective in constructing a high-quality reference genome of the sweet cherry, which will benefit the molecular breeding and cultivar identification in this species.
Contributions and Appreciation of Adansonia digitata L. Food Products in Zinder Region, Niger
Authors: Amadou Issoufou , Salé Ali , Garvi Josef , Salé Rayanatou Ali , Soulé Moussa
Published: June 2020

Wild tree species play an important role in the diet of the people. However, few studies tried to assess the food products of those wild tree species in Sahel region. This study focuses on identifying the contribution of Adansonia digitata process products through the survey and sensory evaluation due to nutritional value and increase of income to the population. The A. digitata is used in Africa as food and traditional pharmacopeia. Its leaves are excellent sources of nutrients. The A. digitata pulp rich in vitamins is used to make juice and jam. The seeds are processed into virgin oil. The sensory evaluation at Sahara Sahel Foods revealed that A. digitata pulp juice as the highest overall accepted product and its jam the less. The survey at both Zinder city and Baban Tabki village showed that the A. digitata products are more useful in the villages than in the city with 65% and 35% appreciations respectively. These products are an aftertaste for the local population to increase their income and improve their nutritional status as well as health status. This study provides a baseline data about A. digitata food products in Zinder region, which could play a crucial role in the conservation of the A. digitata. This study recommends the use of A. digitata trees in the national tree plantation programmes in Zinder region.
Development of Enzymatic Microtoxicity Test for the Toxicity Assay of Chlorophenolic Compounds
Authors: Ünal Arzu
Published: June 2020

Enzymes are proteins that serve as catalysts of biological reactions in the animal, plant, and microbial cells. They are quite specific concerning with regard to their substrates. Enzymes lower the activation energy and increase the rate of biochemical reactions. According to the type of reaction catalyzed, enzymes are currently subdivided into six classes, namely oxidoreductases, hydrolases, transferases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases.

The effects of toxic chemicals and chlorophenolic compounds on enzyme activity are determined by fast, useful, and simple enzymatic methods. These methods can be carried out in low volumes and automatically using equipment such as a spectrophotometer, fluorometer and scintillation counters.

In this study, a new microtoxicity test was developed with the use of the fungal and bacterial β-galactosidase enzyme. In the toxicity experiments, the effects of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6 TCP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4 DCP) and 4-chlorophenol (4 CP) over the β-galactosidase enzyme activity were investigated.

In this study, the bacterial and fungal β-galactosidase enzyme was found to be effective in determining the detoxification of some chlorinated phenolic compounds, 2,4,6-TCP, 2,4-DCP, and 4-CP, through the treatment with laccase enzyme. The inhibitor effect of toxic compounds on the activity of the β-galactosidase enzyme was examined. As a result of the studies, 61% inhibition for 2,4,6-TCP, 58% inhibition for 2,4-DCP and 47% inhibition for 4-CP was observed.

Mikrotoxicity test system developed in our laboratory which works principally based on inactivation of β-galactosidase activity by toxic chlorinated phenolics, was used for toxicity detection. Data obtained from microtoxicity tests have shown that the dechlorination of chlorinated phenolics with laccase has resulted in the loss of toxic potentiality of these chemicals to a substantial extent.

We thought that this study is to be an important contribution to bioremediation science and environmental technology with a new biotechnological approach.