bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying chemical oxidation technologies at NAPL‐impacted sites to facilitate risk‐based closure
Authors: Blanchard Charles
Published: March 2010

In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) has found widespread remedial application at sites that lack nonaqueous‐phase liquid (NAPL) or have a relatively small amount of contaminant mass. Historically, its use has been limited at sites with large amounts of NAPL, primarily because of cost considerations. Proper application of ISCO can expand its use at sites with substantial amounts of NAPL—particularly where it is being used to selectively remediate higher toxicity fractions or reduce the mobility of the NAPL itself through artificial weathering. Alone or in conjunction with conventional technologies, chemical oxidation provides a means for reducing the risk associated with NAPL and potentially closing impacted sites without completely removing NAPL. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Environmental impacts associated with manufacturing of solar and wind power alternative energy systems
Authors: Santillan Javier , Heaston Mark S. , Woodward David S. , Joshi Manish M.
Published: March 2010

The Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment (AFCEE) is performing Environmental Restoration Program Optimization (E‐RPO) at various United States Air Force (USAF) installations to evaluate existing remediation strategies and recommend actions to advance issues impacting the remediation program. As sustainability practices (including green and sustainable remediation [GSR]) increase at Air Force facilities and throughout the environmental industry, the use of alternative energy‐collection sources (i.e., solar photovoltaics [PV] and wind turbines) is likely to increase dramatically. Although PV and wind power systems exhibit a low environmental footprint during their use, there are potential human health and environmental impacts from the manufacturing and recycling processes. This article presents a summary of available information regarding the environmental impacts associated with life‐cycle assessments that include raw material extraction and refinement, product manufacturing, use, and postuse disposal for PV and wind turbines (i.e., cradle‐to‐grave impacts). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Issues in monitoring hazardous chemicals in stormwater runoff/discharges from superfund and other hazardous chemical sites
Authors: Lee G. Fred , Jones‐Lee Anne
Published: March 2010

Deficiencies in design and execution render stormwater‐runoff monitoring programs for many hazardous chemical sites inadequate for assessing the potential environmental quality and public health impacts of chemicals in the runoff. Two pervasive problems are the use of analytical methods that are inadequate for measuring certain hazardous chemicals at potentially hazardous concentrations, and the application of “criteria/standards” that are inappropriate for evaluating the environmental/public health impacts of chemicals. These concerns are most notable for carcinogens and chemicals that bioaccumulate in edible aquatic organisms, including arsenic, chromium, beryllium, mercury, dioxins, organochlorine pesticides (such as DDT), and polychlorinated biphenyls; unrecognized pollutants; and nanomaterials. In order to appropriately evaluate whether the runoff/discharge from a hazardous chemical site is a threat to human health, the analytical methods must be sufficiently sensitive in critical concentration ranges; sampling regimens need to be sufficiently rigorous to provide reliable characterization of the content of the runoff, receiving water, and, for bioaccumulatable chemicals, levels in edible organisms in receiving water. Proper sampling and analysis will then provide data to enable the appropriate criteria/standards to be applied. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transuranic waste remediation in Idaho: Pit 9, failed contracts, and lawsuits
Authors: Abbotts John
Published: March 2010

The U.S. Department of Energy (US DOE) remediation responsibilities include its Idaho National Laboratory. In 1989, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency placed the Idaho site on its National Priority List for environmental cleanup. The site's contamination legacy from operations included inactive reactors and other structures, spent nuclear fuel, high‐level liquid radioactive wastes, calcined radioactive wastes, and transuranic wastes. Documents governing cleanup include a 1995 Settlement Agreement between the US DOE and the US Navy as responsible parties, and the State of Idaho. The Subsurface Disposal Area contains buried transuranic wastes, lies above the East Snake River Plain Aquifer, and could be the “site's most nettlesome cleanup issue,” according to an outside observer. This article describes the technical and legal difficulties that have been encountered in remediating this area. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Site length for biological assessment of boatable rivers
Authors: Flotemersch J. E. , Stribling J. B. , Hughes R. M. , Reynolds L. , Paul M. J. , Wolter C.
Published: March 2010

There is increasing international interest by water resource management agencies worldwide in developing the capacity for quantitative bioassessments of boatable rivers. This interest stems from legal mandates requiring assessments, plus growing recognition of the threats to such systems from multiple and co‐varying stressors (e.g. chemical pollutants, physical habitat alterations, altered flow regimes, channel modifications and alien species). The elevated cost and inefficiencies of jurisdictionally‐ and taxonomically‐segregated assessments is widely recognized, as is the desire to obtain comparable data that can be easily shared among political jurisdictions and ecological regions. The objectives, sampling methods, indicators, site‐scale sampling designs and geographic extent of the resources being sampled differ among programmes, thereby limiting such data exchanges. Our objective in this paper is to review major biological assessment design alternatives for boatable rivers, with special attention given to the sample site length from which data are collected. We suggest that sufficient site length determinations should be based on the survey objectives, the relative heterogeneity of the habitat template, and the quality of data necessary for meeting programmatic data quality objectives. Future sampling effort studies should be designed to allow separate samples of several short sub‐sites at many diverse sites to generate multiple data points for each site. Data from those multiple sub‐sites should be analysed using randomization‐based data evaluation methods. We hope that our recommendations will be useful to the maximum number of institutions, including those with limited funds and a purely local focus, as well as those responsible for sampling at continental geographic extents. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A small college perspective on institutional budget issues
Authors: Zdziarski Eugene L.
Published: March 2010

Some significant differences exist in institutional budgeting and financing between large universities and small colleges. This chapter looks at these differences and describes some of the issues senior student affairs officers need to become familiar with in order to take on a leadership role in the stewardship of their institution.
The new normal: Senior student affairs officers speak out about budget cutting
Authors: Romano C. Renee , Hanish Jan , Phillips Calvin , Waggoner Michael D.
Published: March 2010

This chapter reports on a qualitative study conducted in 2005 and 2009, describing the experiences of twelve senior student affairs officers at public universities as they managed significant budget reductions.
Developing budget models, communication strategies, and relationships to mitigate the pain of tough economic times
Authors: Varlotta Lori E. , Jones Barbara C. , Schuh John H.
Published: March 2010

The final chapter provides a quick and easy reference of some of this volume's most salient points.
Expectant management of ultrasonically diagnosed ovarian dermoid cysts: is it possible to predict outcome?
Authors: Hoo W. L. , Yazbek J. , Holland T. , Mavrelos D. , Tong E. N. C. , Jurkovic D.
Published: March 2010

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the natural history of ultrasonically diagnosed ovarian dermoid cysts in a large group of women who were managed expectantly, and to assess the factors that were associated with failure of expectant management.

Methods

Our database was searched for dermoid cysts diagnosed on ultrasonography by a single expert operator between 2001 and 2007 in this retrospective study. In women who opted for expectant management, demographic data including age, gravidity and parity were recorded. Indications for scan, site of cysts, dimensions and the outcomes of expectant management were also recorded.

Results

Two hundred and eighty‐nine women were diagnosed with a total of 323 dermoid cysts by a single expert ultrasound operator. 93/289 (32.2%; 95% CI, 26.8–37.6%) women with 105/323 (32.5%; 95% CI, 27.4–37.6%) ovarian dermoid cysts were managed expectantly for longer than 3 months. The mean age at diagnosis was 33.8 (range, 13–79) years and the median duration of follow up was 12.6 (interquartile range, 7.6–29.3) months. The mean growth rate of dermoid cysts during follow up was 1.67 mm/year. There were no demographic or morphological features that could be used to predict the growth rate of dermoid cysts. After a period of expectant management, 24/93 (25.8%; 95% CI, 16.9–34.7%) women had surgical intervention. The risk of surgical intervention was significantly increased in younger women, those of parity ≥ 2 and in women with bilateral cysts or larger‐diameter cysts, and reduced in women with a past history of ovarian cyst.

Conclusions

The success rate of expectant management of dermoid cysts is high and this approach should be considered as a viable alternative to surgical management. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcomes in a cohort of patients with Stage I twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Bebbington M. W. , Tiblad E. , Huesler‐Charles M. , Wilson R. D. , Mann S. E. , Johnson M. P.
Published: March 2010

Objective

To determine pregnancy outcomes of patients who present with Stage I twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).

Methods

This was a retrospective review of all patients with TTTS referred to our institution between January 2005 and December 2006. Quintero criteria were used for staging. Laser ablation was not offered to patients with Stage I disease.

Results

A total of 155 twin pregnancies were evaluated for TTTS during this period. Forty‐two met the criteria for Stage I and were included in the analysis. The overall survival to discharge was 82%. The mean gestational age at the time of consultation was 20.9 ± 0.4 weeks. A total of 23 cases (54.8%) underwent amnioreduction. Progression of TTTS requiring invasive therapy occurred in four cases. The mean gestational age at delivery was 32.5 ± 0.62 weeks. When divided according to use of amnioreduction, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups for gestational age at delivery or for birth weight. Those Stage I cases with a CHOP cardiovascular score of 5 or higher delivered almost 3 weeks earlier than the remainder of the cohort.

Conclusions

Progression of TTTS beyond Stage I occurred in only 9.5% of the cohort. Mean gestational age at delivery and survival to discharge did not differ between Stage I patients and those treated with placental laser ablation for more advanced stages of TTTS. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐time three‐dimensional ultrasound with Live xPlane imaging assists first‐trimester acquisition of a true midsagittal section
Authors: Xiong Y. , Wah Y. M. I. , Chan L. W. , Leung T. Y. , Fung T. Y. , Lau T. K.
Published: March 2010

Objective

To determine whether real‐time three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound with Live xPlane imaging, which enables the simultaneous display of two real‐time high‐quality image planes, can assist both operators certified by The Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) and non‐FMF‐certified operators in acquiring a true midsagittal plane in the first trimester.

Methods

Eight operators, four of them FMF certified (FMF group) and the other four not (non‐FMF group), were asked to acquire a fetal image that they believed to represent the true midsagittal plane using real‐time 3D ultrasound with Live xPlane imaging as guidance. Each operator was asked to obtain such an image five times from each of five patients. A total of 200 images from 40 patients were obtained and stored for subsequent analysis. All pregnancies were between 11 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks of gestation. The angle between the falx cerebri and vertical axis (angle of deviation) was then measured by a single operator. A true midsagittal section was defined as an angle of deviation equal to 0°. The angle of deviation and the time taken to acquire each image were compared between FMF and non‐FMF groups.

Results

The median angle of deviation for each operator ranged from 1.2° to 3.4°. There was no significant difference in this angle between those who were FMF certified and those who were not (2.0° vs. 2.2°, P = 0.463). The interquartile range of the angle of deviation was also similar between the FMF‐ and non‐FMF‐certified operators. Although the time taken for image acquisition was longer among the non‐FMF‐certified operators (median, 45.5s vs. 32.0s), this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.107).

Conclusion

Live xPlane imaging can provide a tool to assist the acquisition of a true midsagittal plane and to determine how true a ‘midsagittal’ plane really is. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The fetal venous system, Part I: normal embryology, anatomy, hemodynamics, ultrasound evaluation and Doppler investigation
Authors: Yagel S. , Kivilevitch Z. , Cohen S. M. , Valsky D. V. , Messing B. , Shen O. , Achiron R.
Published: March 2010

Since its introduction in the mid‐1980s sonographic evaluation of the human fetal venous system has advanced dramatically. The venous system is well‐recognized as a target for investigation in cases of circulatory compromise, and a broad spectrum of malformations affecting this system has been described. Appreciation of the normal embryology, anatomy and physiology of this system is essential to an understanding of structural anomalies and the sequential changes encountered in intrauterine growth restriction or other developmental disorders. We review the normal embryology, anatomy, and hemodynamics of the human fetal venous system, and provide an overview of Doppler investigation, as well as three‐ and four‐dimensional ultrasound modalities and their application to this system. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Additive manufacturing models of fetuses built from three‐dimensional ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scan data
Authors: Werner H. , dos Santos J. R. L. , Fontes R. , Daltro P. , Gasparetto E. , Marchiori E. , Campbell S.
Published: March 2010

Objective

To generate physical fetal models using images obtained by three‐dimensional ultrasonography (3DUS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) to guide additive manufacturing technology.

Methods

Images from 33 fetuses, including three sets of twins, were used. Fifteen fetuses were normal and evaluated only by 3DUS. Eighteen cases had abnormalities such as conjoined twins, tumors, aneuploidy, skeletal abnormalities, central nervous system abnormalities and facial or thoracic defects. Scans were performed using high‐resolution 3DUS. In cases of abnormalities, MRI and CT were performed on the same day as 3DUS. The images obtained with 3DUS, CT or MRI were exported to a workstation in DICOM format. A single observer performed slice‐by‐slice manual segmentation using a digital high‐definition screen. Software that converts medical images into numerical models was used to construct virtual 3D models, which were physically realized using additive manufacturing technologies.

Results

Physical models based on 3DUS, MRI and CT images either separately or combined were successfully generated. They were remarkably similar to the postnatal appearance of the aborted fetus or newborn baby, especially in cases with pathology.

Conclusion

The use of 3DUS, MRI and CT may improve our understanding of fetal anatomical characteristics, and these technologies can be used for educational purposes and as a method for parents to visualize their unborn baby. The images can be segmented and applied separately or combined to construct 3D virtual and physical models. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal plasma soluble endoglin at 11–13 weeks' gestation in pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Foidart J.‐M. , Munaut C. , Chantraine F. , Akolekar R. , Nicolaides K. H.
Published: March 2010

Objectives

To examine the performance of screening for pre‐eclampsia (PE) by a combination of maternal factors, soluble endoglin (sEng), pregnancy associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A), placental growth factor (PlGF) and uterine artery lowest pulsatility index (L‐PI) at 11–13 weeks' gestation.

Methods

Uterine artery L‐PI, sEng, PAPP‐A and PlGF were measured at 11–13 weeks in 90 singleton pregnancies that subsequently developed PE, including 30 that required delivery before 34 weeks (early PE) and 60 with late PE, and 180 unaffected controls. Screening performance for PE by maternal factors, sEng, PAPP‐A, PlGF and uterine artery L‐PI and their combinations was determined.

Results

In early PE, compared to controls, plasma sEng and uterine L‐PI were significantly increased and serum PAPP‐A and PlGF were decreased. In late PE, compared to controls, serum PlGF was decreased and uterine L‐PI was increased but plasma sEng and serum PAPP‐A were not significantly different. In screening for early PE, the detection rate for a 10% false‐positive rate was 46.7% for sEng alone and 96.3% for a combination of maternal factors, sEng, PlGF and uterine artery L‐PI.

Conclusions

Effective screening for early PE can be provided by a combination of maternal factors, sEng, PlGF and uterine artery L‐PI at 11–13 weeks' gestation. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The fetal venous system, Part II: ultrasound evaluation of the fetus with congenital venous system malformation or developing circulatory compromise
Authors: Yagel S. , Kivilevitch Z. , Cohen S. M. , Valsky D. V. , Messing B. , Shen O. , Achiron R.
Published: March 2010

The human fetal venous system is well‐recognized as a target for investigation in cases of circulatory compromise, and a broad spectrum of malformations affecting this system has been described. In Part I of this review, we described the normal embryology, anatomy and physiology of this system, essential to the understanding of structural anomalies and the sequential changes encountered in intrauterine growth restriction and other developmental disorders. In Part II we review the etiology and sonographic appearance of malformations of the human fetal venous system, discuss the pathophysiology of the system and describe venous Doppler investigation in the fetus with circulatory compromise. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Surfactants: Combination Products of Fatty Acids, Hydroxycarboxylic Acids and Alcohols
Authors: Altenbach Hans‐Josef , Ihizane Rachid , Jakob Bernd , Lange Karsten , Schneider Manfred , Yilmaz Zeynep , Nandi Sukhendu
Published: March 2010

The reaction of hydroxycarboxylic acids, such as citric, malic and tartaric species with an excess of fatty acid chlorides produces the corresponding O‐acylated hydroxycarboxylic anhydrides in one step and in a near quantitative yield. These molecules are excellent electrophiles which react readily with a variety of nucleophiles including alcohols, diols and polyols. Their reaction with triethylene glycol and triethylene glycol monomethyl ether leads to two series of novel anionic surfactants, which are unsymmetrical gemini surfactants. The determination of their properties (CMC, foaming, HLB) revealed that these molecules are—depending on the chain length of the fatty acid—excellent emulsifiers, and that they also display interesting antimicrobial activity. These novel functional surfactants are of interest for applications in food and personal care products and for the formulation of pharmaceuticals.
Common Breaks in Sterile Technique: Clinical Perspectives and Perioperative Implications
Authors: Hopper William R. , Moss Rose
Published: March 2010

Prevention of health care‐associated infections, specifically surgical site infections, is a fundamental responsibility of the perioperative team. Breaks in sterile technique can and do occur, even for the most conscientious perioperative practitioners. Surgical site infections are associated with unnecessary patient pain and suffering and increased lengths of hospital stay and health care costs. Prevention of surgical site infections, therefore, takes on great significance in today's dynamic health care environment. Key responsibilities of perioperative nurses are to recognize and correct common breaks in sterile technique that are made in preparation for and during a surgical procedure and to implement methods to prevent future occurrences.
Improving Associate Degree Nursing Students' Perioperative Clinical Observation Experiences
Authors: Ricketts Donna L. , Gray Susan E.
Published: March 2010

For associate degree nursing students at Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, the perioperative nursing clinical experience typically included a one‐day observation of a surgical procedure, with students entering the OR suite after the surgery started and having to leave before the surgery was completed. An associate professor of nursing and a perioperative staff education coordinator partnered to address this lack of a complete perioperative experience for students and offer a more formal OR experience. The clinical experience was altered to provide relevant didactic perioperative nursing content in class before the clinical day, a group orientation, and observation in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative areas. Reactions of students and perioperative staff members to these changes were positive.
Gifted Hands
Authors: Kefer Stephanie
Published: March 2010

Gifted Hands Seymour I. Schwartz 2009, Prometheus Books 259 pages, $27.95 hardcover
PeriAnesthesia Nursing
Authors: Tarrac Shauna
Published: March 2010

PeriAnesthesia Nursing Cecil B. Drain, Jan Odom‐Forren 5th edition 2008, Elsevier Health Sciences 888 pages, $74.95 hardcover
The Busy Manager's Guide to Delegation
Authors: Stein Patricia
Published: March 2010

The Busy Manager's Guide to Delegation Richard A. Luecke, Perry McIntosh 2009, AMACOM 112 pages, $12 softcover
Hospital Tissue Management: A Practitioner's Handbook
Authors: Bryan Dennis N.
Published: March 2010

Hospital Tissue Management: A Practitioner's Handbook A. Bradley Eisenbrey and Ted Eastlund 2009, American Association of Tissue Banks 204 pages, $35 member, $55 nonmember, softcover
Structure of the p53 C‐terminus bound to 14‐3‐3: Implications for stabilization of the p53 tetramer
Authors: Schumacher Benjamin , Mondry Justine , Thiel Philipp , Weyand Michael , Ottmann Christian
Published: March 2010

MINT‐7711931: 14‐3‐3 sigma (uniprotkb:P31947) and p53 (uniprotkb:P04637) bind (MI:0407) by isothermal titration calorimetry (MI:0065)
Computational prediction of nucleosome positioning by calculating the relative fragment frequency index of nucleosomal sequences
Authors: Ogawa Ryu , Kitagawa Noriyuki , Ashida Hiroki , Saito Rintaro , Tomita Masaru
Published: March 2010

We developed an accurate method to predict nucleosome positioning from genome sequences by refining the previously developed method of Peckham et al. (2007) [19]. Here, we used the relative fragment frequency index we developed and a support vector machine to screen for nucleosomal and linker DNA sequences. Our twofold cross‐validation revealed that the accuracy of our method based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 81%, whereas that of Peckham's method was 75% when both of two nucleosomal sequence data obtained from independent experiments were used for validation. We suggest that our method is more effective in predicting nucleosome positioning.
Ghrelin inhibits insulin secretion through the AMPK–UCP2 pathway in β cells
Authors: Wang Ying , Nishi Masahiro , Doi Asako , Shono Takeshi , Furukawa Yasushi , Shimada Takeshi , Furuta Hiroto , Sasaki Hideyuki , Nanjo Kishio
Published: March 2010

Ghrelin inhibits insulin secretion partly via induction of IA‐2β. However, the orexigenic effect of ghrelin is mediated by the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)–uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) pathway. Here, we demonstrate that ghrelin's inhibitory effect on insulin secretion also occurs through the AMPK‐UCP2 pathway. Ghrelin increased AMPK phosphorylation and UCP2 mRNA expression in MIN6 insulinoma cells. Overexpression or downregulation of UCP2 attenuated or enhanced insulin secretion, respectively. Furthermore, AMPK activator had a similar effect to ghrelin on UCP2 and insulin secretion in MIN6 cells. In conclusion, ghrelin's inhibitory effect on insulin secretion is partly mediated by the AMPK‐UCP2 pathway, which is independent of the IA‐2β pathway.
Long-Term Pain in Cats
Authors: Robertson Sheilah A , Lascelles B Duncan X
Published: March 2010

Practical relevance Long-term pain in cats is an important welfare issue but is often overlooked and undertreated.

Audience All practitioners are faced with cats that require analgesic intervention to improve their quality of life.

Patient group Any cat may potentially experience long-term pain and discomfort. Degenerative joint disease and diabetic-related pain is more common in middle-aged or older individuals, whereas persistent postsurgical pain can occur at any age and is seen in young cats following onychectomy.

Evidence base Robust evidence on long-term pain issues in cats — specifically, relating to prevalence, etiology, and treatment protocols and outcomes — is missing from the veterinary literature. The aim of this review is to summarise the current state of knowledge. In doing so, it takes a practical approach, highlighting the obvious, and some not so obvious, causes of long-term pain in cats; some aspects that warrant closer attention; our ability to recognize pain and monitor how this impacts on quality of life; and today's treatment options.
Early Detection, Aggressive Therapy
Authors: Giménez Fernanda , Hecht Silke , Craig Linden E , Legendre Alfred M
Published: March 2010

Aims This article reviews the incidence, etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of mammary tumors in cats.

Practical relevance Approximately 80% of feline mammary masses are malignant, with adenocarcinoma being the most common tumor type. Early diagnosis is, therefore, essential to improve the prognosis and quality of life of affected cats.

Treatment approaches Surgery is the most widely used treatment for malignant tumors. However, as mammary tumors are often advanced and metastasis has already occurred by the time of diagnosis, surgery routinely does not provide a cure. Ovariohysterectomy or hormonal therapy are the treatments of choice for fibroadenomatous hyperplasia (the most common benign mass) and usually lead to a successful outcome.
The Political Mobilization of the European Left, 1860–1980
Authors: Bartolini Stefano
Published: March 2010

In an in-depth comparative analysis, Stefano Bartolini studies the history of socialism and working-class politics in Western Europe. While examining the social contexts, organizational structures and political developments of thirteen socialist experiences from the 1880s to the 1980s, he reconstructs the steps through which social conflict was translated and structured into an opposition, as well as how it developed its different organizational and ideological forms, and how it managed more or less successfully to mobilize its reference groups politically. Bartolini provides a comparative framework that structures the wealth of material available on the history of each unit and allows him to assess the relative weight of the complex explanatory factors.
Electrons and Phonons in Semiconductor Multilayers
Authors: Ridley B. K.
Published: March 2010

This book provides a detailed description of the quantum confinement of electrons and phonons in semiconductor wells, superlattices and quantum wires, and shows how this affects their mutual interactions. The transition from microscopic to continuum models is discussed, emphasising the use of quasi-continuum theory to describe the confinement of optical phonons and electrons. The hybridisation of optical phonons and their interactions with electrons are treated in detail, as are other electron scattering mechanisms. The book concludes with an account of the electron distribution function in three-, two- and one-dimensional systems, in the presence of electrical or optical excitation. The book will be of great use to graduate students and researchers investigating low-dimensional semiconductor structures, as well as to those developing new devices based on such systems.
Precipitation
Authors: Strangeways Ian
Published: March 2010

Precipitation plays a significant role in the climate system, and this book, originally published in 2006, was the first to provide a comprehensive examination of the processes involved in the generation of clouds, rain, snow and hail; how precipitation is measured; how its distribution has changed over time; and how we still need to make improvements to the way precipitation is measured. It traces our attempts to understand what clouds are, from ancient Greeks to the present day. It also discusses developments in the measurement of precipitation, from rain gauges to satellite techniques, and how these measurements have enabled researchers to estimate global trends, totals, variability and extremes of precipitation. This will be a valuable and fascinating reference for academic researchers in the fields of environmental science and climatology. It will also be of great interest to professionals in water resource and flood management.
The Paston Family in the Fifteenth Century
Authors: Richmond Colin
Published: March 2010

The Pastons of Paston, Norfolk, are famous for the collection of letters and papers which bear their name. In particular 'the Paston Letters' have been well known since the time of Horace Walpole, although until now they have never been used systematically by historians of fifteenth-century England: they are both immensely attractive to read and fiendishly difficult to use as source material from which to write history. This volume describes, in lively and original style, the beginnings of the family's gentility and sets out some of the major themes of their history between 1400 and 1500. Many of the themes are common to all gentry families of the later Middle Ages, a period critical in the formation of the English polity. It might also be said that the Pastons epitomize a class which since the later Middle Ages has dominated the English state, English society and English culture.
The Machinery Question and the Making of Political Economy 1815–1848
Authors: Berg Maxine
Published: March 2010

For those who lived through it, Britain's Industrial Revolution was experienced as the Machinery Question. It was far from clear to contemporaries whether the first forms of mechanized factory production heralded an inevitable economic revolution, or were but one course among several which might be modified or eventually rejected altogether, Opinion about the necessity or beneficence of machines was profoundly divided at all levels of society; the often acrimonious debate that arose reverberated through economic, political, cultural and intellectual life. Crucially important for the development of this debate, because it was the source of the very terms of discussion, was the new discipline of Political Economy. The major contention of this book is that the Machinery Question was also the making of Political Economy. Dr Berg argues that technical change was one of the foremost theoretical concerns of Ricardo and his successors, and the foundation for their distinctly optimistic view of the future. She shows how the Machinery Question fostered the social conditions in which the status of Political Economy as a discipline was established, and concludes that by the 1840s the divisions over machinery were firmly embedded in the great rival creeds of the future, liberalism and socialism. The book will interest teachers and students of British social and economic history, the history of economic thought and the history of science and technology.
The Principles of Circular Accelerators and Storage Rings
Authors: Bryant Philip J. , Johnsen Kjell
Published: March 2010

This book is a basic introduction to the principles of circular particle accelerators and storage rings, for scientists, engineers and mathematicians. Particle accelerators used to be the exclusive province of physicists exploring the structure of the most fundamental constituents of matter. Nowadays, particle accelerators have also found uses as tools in many other areas, including materials science, chemistry, and medical science. Many people from these fields of study, as well as from particle physics, have learned about accelerators at various courses organised by CERN, the European Organisation for Nuclear Research which has established a reputation as the world's top accelerator facility. Kjell Johnsen and Phil Bryant, the authors of this book, are distinguished accelerator physicists who have also run the CERN Accelerator School. The text they present here starts with a historical introduction to the field and an outline of the basic concepts of particle acceleration and phase focusing. It goes on to give more details of how the transverse and longitudinal motions of the particle beams can be analysed, including treatments of lattice design, compensation schemes, transition crossing, and other radio frequency effects. The book will be an essential reference to anyone working with particle accelerators as a designer, operator or user, as well as being a good preparation for those intending to go to the frontiers of accelerator physics.
Decolonization and African Society
Authors: Cooper Frederick
Published: March 2010

This detailed and authoritative volume changes our conceptions of 'imperial' and 'African' history. Frederick Cooper gathers a vast range of archival sources in French and English to achieve a truly comparative study of colonial policy toward the recruitment, control, and institutionalization of African labor forces from the mid 1930s, when the labor question was first posed, to the late 1950s, when decolonization was well under way. Professor Cooper explores colonial conceptions of the African worker and shows how African trade union and political leaders used the new language of social change to claim equality and a share of power. This helped to persuade European officials that the 'modern' Africa they imagined was unaffordable. Britain and France could not reshape African society. As they left the continent, the question was how they had affected the ways in which Africans could reorganize society themselves.
The Professionalization of Women Writers in Eighteenth-Century Britain
Authors: Schellenberg Betty A.
Published: March 2010

The Professionalisation of Women Writers in Eighteenth Century Britain is a full study of a group of women who were actively and ambitiously engaged in a range of innovative publications at the height of the eighteenth century. Using personal correspondence, records of contemporary reception, research into contemporary print culture and sociological models of professionalisation, Betty A. Schellenberg challenges oversimplified assumptions of women's cultural role in the period, focusing on those women who have been most obscured by literary history, including Frances Sheridan, Frances Brooke, Sarah Fielding and Charlotte Lennox.
Reason and Rhetoric in the Philosophy of Hobbes
Authors: Skinner Quentin
Published: March 2010

Quentin Skinner presents a fundamental reappraisal of the political theory of Hobbes. Using, for the first time, the full range of manuscript as well as printed sources, it documents an entirely new view of Hobbes's intellectual development, and re-examines the shift from a humanist to a scientific culture in European moral and political thought. By examining Hobbes's philosophy against the background of his humanist education, Professor Skinner rescues this most difficult and challenging of political philosophers from the intellectual isolation in which he is so often discussed. This book presents a splendid exemplification of the 'Cambridge' contextual approach to the study of intellectual history with which Professor Skinner himself is especially associated. It will be of interest and importance to a wide range of scholars in history, philosophy, politics, and literary theory. Professor Skinner has been awarded the Balzan Prize Life Time Achievement Award for Political Thought, History and Theory. Full details of this award can be found at http://www.balzan.it/News_eng.aspx?ID=2474.
A Short History of the Yugoslav Peoples
Authors: Singleton Fred
Published: March 2010

There are few countries in Europe which contain within an area as small as the British Isles such a variety of natural environments and cultures as Yugoslavia. This book provides a survey of the history of the South Slav peoples who came together at the end of the First World War to form the first Yugoslav kingdom, and who emerged from the chaos of the Second World War to become citizens of a socialist federal republic, led by the Communist Party under the leadership of Marshal Tito. Beginning in Roman times, the book traces the rise and fall of the medieval Slav principalities, the dominance of the Ottoman and Habsburg empires, the proclamation of the kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918, the disastrous effects of the German occupation and the creation of a new socialist order under President Tito.
Elements of Mathematical Ecology
Authors: Kot Mark
Published: March 2010

Elements of Mathematical Ecology provides an introduction to classical and modern mathematical models, methods, and issues in population ecology. The first part of the book is devoted to simple, unstructured population models that ignore much of the variability found in natural populations for the sake of tractability. Topics covered include density dependence, bifurcations, demographic stochasticity, time delays, population interactions (predation, competition, and mutualism), and the application of optimal control theory to the management of renewable resources. The second part of this book is devoted to structured population models, covering spatially-structured population models (with a focus on reaction-diffusion models), age-structured models, and two-sex models. Suitable for upper level students and beginning researchers in ecology, mathematical biology and applied mathematics, the volume includes numerous clear line diagrams that clarify the mathematics, relevant problems thoughout the text that aid understanding, and supplementary mathematical and historical material that enrich the main text.
Consent to Sexual Relations
Authors: Wertheimer Alan
Published: March 2010

When does a woman give valid consent to sexual relations? When does her consent render it morally or legally permissible for a man to have sexual relations with her? Why is sexual consent generally regarded as an issue about female consent? And what is the moral significance of consent? These are some of the questions discussed in this important book, which will appeal to a wide readership in philosophy, law, and the social sciences. Alan Wertheimer develops a theory of consent to sexual relations that applies to both law and morality in the light of the psychology of sexual relations, the psychology of perpetrators, and the psychology of the victims. He considers a wide variety of difficult cases such as coercion, fraud, retardation, and intoxication. We can all agree that 'no' means 'no'. This book suggests that the difficult question is whether 'yes' means 'yes'.
Language Contact and Grammatical Change
Authors: Heine Bernd , Kuteva Tania
Published: March 2010

The phenomenon of language contact, and how it affects the structure of languages, has been of great interest to linguists. This study looks at how grammatical forms and structures evolve when speakers of two languages come into contact, and offers an interesting insight into the mechanism that induces people to transfer grammatical structures from one language to another. Drawing on findings from languages all over the world, Language Contact and Grammatical Change shows that the transfer of linguistic material across languages is quite regular and follows universal patterns of grammaticalization - contrary to previous claims that it is a fairly irregular process - and argues that internal and external explanations of language structure and change are in no way mutually exclusive. Engaging and informative, this book will be of great interest to sociolinguists, linguistic anthropologists, and all those working on grammaticalization, language contact, and language change.
Voter Turnout and the Dynamics of Electoral Competition in Established Democracies since 1945
Authors: Franklin Mark N. , Eijk Cees van der , Evans Diana , Fotos Michael , Hirczy de Mino Wolfgang , Marsh Michael , Wessels Bernard
Published: March 2010

Voting is a habit. People learn the habit of voting, or not, based on experience in their first few elections. Elections that do not stimulate high turnout among young adults leave a 'footprint' of low turnout in the age structure of the electorate as many individuals who were new at those elections fail to vote at subsequent elections. Elections that stimulate high turnout leave a high turnout footprint. So a country's turnout history provides a baseline for current turnout that is largely set, except for young adults. This baseline shifts as older generations leave the electorate and as changes in political and institutional circumstances affect the turnout of new generations. Among the changes that have affected turnout in recent years, the lowering of the voting age in most established democracies has been particularly important in creating a low turnout footprint that has grown with each election.
Principles of Magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Goedbloed J. P. Hans , Poedts Stefaan
Published: March 2010

This textbook provides a modern and accessible introduction to magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). It describes the two main applications of plasma physics, laboratory research on thermo-nuclear fusion energy and plasma astrophysics of the solar system, stars and accretion disks, from the single viewpoint of MHD. This approach provides effective methods and insights for the interpretation of plasma phenomena on virtually all scales, from the laboratory to the universe. It equips the reader with the necessary tools to understand the complexities of plasma dynamics in extended magnetic structures. The classical MHD model is developed in detail without omitting steps in the derivations and problems are included at the end of each chapter. This text is ideal for senior-level undergraduate and graduate courses in plasma physics and astrophysics.
Politics as a Christian Vocation
Authors: Gamwell Franklin I.
Published: March 2010

Many democratic citizens, including many Christians, think that separation of religion from the state means the exclusion of religious beliefs from the political process. That view is mistaken. Both democracy and Christian faith, this 2004 book shows, call all Christians to make their beliefs effective in politics. But the discussion here differs from others. Most have trouble relating religion to democratic discussion and debate because they assume that religious differences cannot be publicly debated. Against this majority view, this book argues that Christian faith belongs in politics because it shares with democracy a full commitment to rational pursuit of the truth. The book then develops ideals of justice and the common good Christians should advocate within the democratic process and shows the difference they make for contemporary politics in the United States, focusing specifically on issues of abortion, affirmative action, and economic distribution.
Law, Infrastructure and Human Rights
Authors: Likosky Michael B.
Published: March 2010

From attacks on oil infrastructure in post-war reconstruction Iraq to the laying of gas pipelines in the Amazon Rainforest through indigenous community villages, infrastructure projects are sites of intense human rights struggles. Many state and non-state actors have proposed solutions for handling human rights problems in the context of specific infrastructure projects. Solutions have been admired for being lofty in principle; however, they have been judged wanting in practice. This book analyzes how human rights are handled in varied contexts and then assesses the feasibility of a common international institutional solution under the auspices of the United Nations to the alleged problem of the inability to translate human rights into practice.
Numerical Modeling of Ocean Circulation
Authors: Miller Robert N.
Published: March 2010

The modelling of ocean circulation is important not only for its own sake, but also in terms of the prediction of weather patterns and the effects of climate change. This 2007 book introduces the basic computational techniques necessary for all models of the ocean and atmosphere, and the conditions they must satisfy. It describes the workings of ocean models, the problems that must be solved in their construction, and how to evaluate computational results. Major emphasis is placed on examining ocean models critically, and determining what they do well and what they do poorly. Numerical analysis is introduced as needed, and exercises are included to illustrate major points. Developed from notes for a course taught in physical oceanography at the College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences at Oregon State University, this book is ideal for graduate students of oceanography, geophysics, climatology and atmospheric science, and researchers in oceanography and atmospheric science.
Is the Welfare State Justified?
Authors: Shapiro Daniel
Published: March 2010

In this book, Daniel Shapiro argues that the dominant positions in contemporary political philosophy - egalitarianism, positive rights theory, communitarianism, and many forms of liberalism - should converge in a rejection of central welfare state institutions. He examines how major welfare institutions, such as government-financed and -administered retirement pensions, national health insurance, and programs for the needy, actually work. Comparing them to compulsory private insurance and private charities, Shapiro argues that the dominant perspectives in political philosophy mistakenly think that their principles support the welfare state. Instead, egalitarians, positive rights theorists, communitarians, and liberals have misunderstood the implications of their own principles, which in fact support more market-based or libertarian institutional conclusions than they may realize. Shapiro's book is unique in its combination of political philosophy with social science. Its focus is not limited to any particular country; rather it examines welfare states in affluent democracies and their market alternatives.