bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identity of a Cottony Scale on Peach in Ontario
Authors: Phillips J. H. H.
Published: January 2010

Severe local infestations of a cottony scale on peach have been reported from the Niagara district of Ontario since the early 1920's. The species has been commonly referred to the cottony peach scale, Pulvinaria amygdali Ckll., but Steinweden (1946) showed that amygdali was an entirely different species, leaving the identity of the local species on peach in doubt.
Rates of Oviposition of Tribolium confusum Duv. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Surviving Exposure to Residues of p-p'-DDT
Authors: Loschiavo S. R.
Published: January 2010

The use of residual insecticides is increasing in insect control programs. In practice all insects do not receive lethal dosages, possibly because of uneven application of insecticide and the failure of some insects to come in contact with treated surfaces. This study was designed to determine the rate of oviposition of adult females of Tribolium confusum Duv. surviving exposure to DDT residues and to compare this rate with that of unexposed females.
The GenusEpipagisHubner,necHampson, in North America (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Munroe Eugene
Published: January 2010

Hübner ([1824-25] p. 357) defined the genusEpipagis, citing three species. Hampson (1918: 277) chosefenestralisHübner as type, and sankSameodesSnellen toEpipagis. The arrangement of the British Museum Pyralidae shows that Hampson thoughtfenestralisHübner was the same asphyllisalisWalker; but so far as I know this synonymy was never published. Actually, Hübner's figure offenestralisrepresents a female of the genus usually known asStenophyesLederer, wrongly synonymized by Hampson (1899) withCrocidophoraLederer. The size and coloration suggest that the species Hübner figured is the common North American one universally calledburonalisGuenée.
Differences in the Pupae of Feralia comstocki Grt. and F. jocosa (Gn.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Ross D. A.
Published: January 2010

Difficulties experienced in rearing Feralia spp. beyond the pupal stage, and inability to distinguish species in the immature forms, has led to a study of their larvae and pupae. So far no specific differences have been observed in the larvae but progress has been made in the identification of Feralia in the pupal stage.
A Study of Predators of Mosquito Larvae and Pupae with a Radio-active Tracer
Authors: Baldwin W. F. , James H. G. , Welch H. E.
Published: January 2010

The importance of predators in the natural control of mosquitoes has been suggested by a number of workers. Comprehensive reviews have been presented by Hinman (1934) and Gerberich (1946). The conclusions are open to some
question, however, since the investigations were confined for the most part to studies in laboratory aquaria. These environments create conditions such as crowding, absence of prey shelter, and lack of alternative prey, which prevent an analysis of predation in terms of field conditions. An accurate assessment of predation in nature requires a technique to identify predators that have consumed prey. This is a report on an attempt to analyse the predator-prey relationships of animals in a natural mosquito pool in a woodland swamp near Chatterton, in Hastings County, Ontario, in April and May, 1953, by means of a radioactive tracer.
Composite Emergence Cage for Studies on the Life-History of the Onion Maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Mg.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)
Authors: Lafrance J. , Perron J. P.
Published: January 2010

In investigations on the life-history of the onion maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Mg.), at St. Jean, several types of emergence cages were devised and tested. The composite emergence cage described below was found very satisfactory for the collecting of adults.
Contribution to the Morphology of a Pine Web-spinning Sawfly, Cephalcia marginata Middlekauff (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae)
Authors: Rivard I.
Published: January 2010

In studies of sawflies, the family Pamphiliidae has been much neglected especially from the morphological stand point. Yuasa (1922) made a study of the larvae, but the genus Cephalcia was dealt with rather briefly. Ross (1937) and Benson (1945) made comparative morphological studies of the adults and showed the phylogenetic position of the family. More recently, Middlekauff (1953) published a description of Cephalcia marginata, a pine web-spinning sawfly which was the subject of the present study.
Notes on Life Histories of Some Ennominae (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)
Authors: McGuffin W. C.
Published: January 2010

The life histories of many of the Geometridae are not well known; those of a few economic species in the Ennominae have been worked out but many more remain to be studied. Life-history notes on the following seven species are presented: Semiothisa granitata Gn., S. sexmaculata Pack., Eufidonia discospilata Wlk., Melanolophia canadaria Gn., Campaea perlata Gn., Selenia alciphearia Wlk., and Caripeta divisata Wlk. The larvae of all these have been described; those of Selenia and Campaea were described by Dyar (1899 and 1903) and the remainder by McGuffin (1943a, 1943b, 1944, 1945, and 1947).
Studies on the Starvation of Last-Instar Larvae of the Larch Sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)
Authors: Heron R. J.
Published: January 2010

Larvae of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), feed on the foliage of conifers of the genus Larix. In Manitoba and Saskatchewan, where the studies described here were conducted, the native host is tamarack, L. laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch. At outbreak population levels larval feeding commonly causes complete defoliation. Trees show a marked reduction in foliage production after three or four successire vears af severe defoliation (6). As a consequence, larval starvation is commonly associated with declining host vigour. Starvation reduces the population size directly by causing larval mortality and indirectly by reducing the reproductive capacity of the partially starved survivors. This paper deals primarily with the measurement of the sub-lethal effects of starvation during the last larval stadium as studied in laboratory-reared and field-collected insects.
Temperature Relations of Ant-Lion Larvae (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)
Authors: Green G. W.
Published: January 2010

The common North American ant-lion, Myrneleon immaculatus DeGeer, is generally distributed throughout the United States and has extended its range northward into Canada at various places. Throughout its range, the regular, cone-like pits of larvae of this species inay be found in dry, sandy stretches that in an ecological sense constitute small, isolated desert regions.

Temperature is one of the most important of rhe physical factors with which desert species must contend. It is the purpose of this paper to present the results of gn investigation of the effects of temperature upon the behaviour and activity of larvae of M. immaculatus in their natural habitat.
The Life History and Some Aspects of the Ecology of the Large Aspen Tortrix,Choristoneura conflictana(Wlkr.) (N. Comb.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Prentice R. M.
Published: January 2010

Periodic outbreaks of the large aspen tortrix,Choristoneura conflictana(Wlkr.) severely defoliate trembling aspen,Populus tremuloidesMichx., in parts of Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The inadequacy of information on the insect prompted further investigation of its life history and the factors affecting its abundance. Field studies were conducted in Northern Manitoba and Saskatchewan, where from 1950 to 1954 the insect was found at various population levels.
Distributional Records of North American Corixidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)
Authors: Lansbury I.
Published: January 2010

During 1954, I had the opportunity of examining a large collection, circa 3,500 of unidentified Corixidae which had been accumulated in the Canadian Department of Agriculture over a period of years. These notes consist of a list of species identified, with observations where pertinent when these records are new state or country records compared with the full lists of localities given in H. B. Hungerford's ‘The Corixidae of the Western Hemisphere’ 1948, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. Vol. XXXII, pp. 1-827.
Host Preferences ofDrino bohemicaMesn. (Diptera: Tachinidae), with Particular Reference to Olfactory Responses
Authors: Monteith L. G.
Published: January 2010

Many factors influence the host preferences of entomophagous insects and have an important role in determining the fate of parasites in the field. Some of the factors influence the ability of parasites to locate their hosts. Others determine the suitability of the host as a medium for larval development (7, 15, 18, 26, 27, 31). These factors together determine the range of hosts attacked and control the degree to which nonpreferred hosts are selected.
Bionomics of Stethorus punctillum Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Ontario
Authors: Putman Wm. L.
Published: January 2010

During a study of the effects of spray chemicals on the arthropod communities of peach orchards in the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario, begun in 1946, Stethorus punctillum Weise was found to be one of the more important predators of tetranychid mites. An investigation of its biology was undertaken in 1949 and continued through 1952. This paper presents chiefly the life-history, behaviour, and ecological aspects.
New Species of Psylla from Western United States and Biological Notes (Homoptera: Psyllidae)
Authors: Jensen D. D.
Published: January 2010

This paper presents descriptions of four new species of the genus Psylla, brief notes on their biology and records the encyrtid Prionomitus mitratus (Dalm.) as a parasite of Psylla ribesiae (Crawford). Of particular interest is the fact that two of the four new species occur on Ribes spp. and previously were not distinguished from the common species, ribesiae, which has been known in western United States since 1911.
Linear Increment in Width of the Head Capsule of two Species of Sawflies
Authors: Ghent A. W.
Published: January 2010

Interest in the growth of insect head capsules was aroused by the observation of Dyar (2) that for a number of lepidopterous larvae the ratio of the width of the larval head capsule in a given instar to that in the following instar tends to be constant throughout development, This observation, generally known as “Dyar's Law” or “Dyar's Rule”, has proven valid for many lepidopterous larvae, for whch it was proposed. Many attempts have been made to apply Dyar's Rule to insects of other orders. Various authors, notably Miles (6) and Taylor (71, have considered the application of Dyar's Rule to sawfly larvae, and although they report some inconsistencies, they conclude that the rule is useful if its application is restricted to checking upon the number of feeding instars. The head capsules of non-feeding prcpupal sawfly larvae are generally of the same size as those of the last feeding instar, so that this stage is not expected to satisfy Dyar's Rule.
Dibrachys cavus (Wlkr.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a New Parasite of the European Corn Borer, Pyrausta nubilalis (Hbn.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in Canada
Authors: Hudon Marcel
Published: January 2010

During the latter part of June, 1955, a larva of the European corn borer, Pyrausta nubilalis (Hbn.), dissected from overwintered corn stalks in experimental plots at St. Jean was observed to be parasitized by hymenopterous larvae. These were reared to the adult stage and were then identified by Dr. O. Peck, Entomology Division, Ottawa, as of Dibrachys cavus (Wlkr.). This parasite has only once been reported from North America (Blickenstaff et al., 1953, p. 377) and once from Russia (Thompson, 1946, p. 517).
Studies of Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae): I. Field Identification of Neoleucopis obscura (Hal.), Leucopina americana (Mall.) and Cremifania nigrocellulata Cz. (Diptera, Chamaemyiidae)
Authors: Brown N. R. , Clark R. C.
Published: January 2010

The introduction of predators of the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.), from Europe to the Atlantic Provinces of Canada was commenced in 1933 as a joint project of the Forest Biology and Entomology Divisions of Science Service and the Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control. Several species were released between 1933 and 1941 but only one, Neoleucopis obscura (Hal.), became established and its control value was insufficient (Balch, 1952). The project was continued in 1951 and several additional species have been established. Studies of these predators and their place in the control complex in Canada were undertaken and this paper is the first in a series on the subiect. It results from the necessity of rapid field identification of the various stages of all predators found. It deals with three closely related dipterous predators, two of which were introduced, N. obscura and Cremifania nigrocellulata Cz., the other, Leucopina americana (Mall.), being native to Canada. Similar descriptions of the other species with a key will be published later.
Colorimetric Estimation of Dyed Insecticide Spray Deposit Using a Paper Sampling Surface
Authors: Rayner A. C.
Published: January 2010

During spray trials carried out recently for European pine shoot moth control in Ontario, a method was developed to assess dyed, oil-based insecticide spray deposits colorimetrically using a paper sampling surface. The procedure permits intensive sampling without the necessity of handling fragile or bulky sampling kits in the field.
The Reaction of Certain Lepidopterous and Hymenopterous Larvae to Bacillus sotto Toxin
Authors: Angus T. A.
Published: January 2010

Bacillus sotto Ishiwata is a bacterial pathogen of the larvae of Bombyx mori L. (the silkworm) and it has been shown (2) that the toxin it produces is associated with the crystalline inclusions (5) found in sporulated cells of this microorganism. The pathogenicity of B. sotto for the larvae of certain insect species and the properties of B. sotto toxin have been described previously (1, 2, 3). In the present paper the effect of the toxin on the larvae of several insect species is reported.
Canada as an Environment for Insect Life
Authors: Munroe Eugene
Published: January 2010

Two things make it difficult to write an account of Canada in relation to insect life: the vast size and varied nature of the country and the relatively small amount of work that has been done on its insects. Those familiar with the intensely worked biota of Western Europe or even of many parts of the United States will find this description meagre indeed. In general, Canadian environments are known better than the insects that inhabit them. In only a few orders of insects is our knowledge even of species taxonomy reasonably adequate; for all orders our knowledge of geographical distribution in Canada is sketchy or fragmentary and our knowledge of ecological relations almost non-existent. Serious collecting and study of insects has been carried out in only a few centres. The National Collection itself has been developed actively only since 1919, and on a large scale only in the last few years. There is no close network of amateur and professional workers such as exists in better-studied countries. What I have tried to do, therefore, is to give a brief geographic account of the main environmental factors as seen by an entomologist, to give a short outline of the possible history of the fauna, to give examples of the main distributional types, and to provide a tentative classification of entomological regions, with notes on some characteristic insects of each. The main feature that will undoubtedly be impressed on the reader, as it has been impressed on me, is our ignorance and the need for further investigation of the insect fauna.
A Report on Some North American Arctic and Subarctic Ichneumoninae
Authors: Heinrich Gerd H.
Published: January 2010

The following contribution to our knowledge of the Ichneumoninae of the boreal parts of Canada and of Alaska is based mainly on material obtained by the Northern Insect Survey, which is a co-operative project of the Canada Department of Agriculture and the Defence Research Board, Canada Department of National Defence.

The contribution brings forward 12 new species and subspecies 3 of them being represented by both sexes, 9 by the female sex only. Some arctic species already named before or regarded as holarctic elements will be treated in a separate publication.
Three New Species of the Genus Cinara Curtis (Homoptera: Aphididae) from Larix SPP.
Authors: Bradley G. A.
Published: January 2010

Apterous viviparous female

General colour dark brown. Tibia with a short proximal portion, and distal 1/3, dark brown, remainder light yellowish-brown. Antenna light brown, except segments I and VI, distal 1/3 of V, and extreme tips of III and IV, which are dark brown. Dorsum of metathorax and abdomen thickly speckled with raised, subcircular spots, some of which are joined together to form raised areas of irregular shape (Fig. 1, A). Each dark spot bears a stout, spine-like seta. Many setae on the dorsum terminate in enlarged, bifurcate tips,
Observations on the Biology of Utah Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae)
Authors: Peterson B. V.
Published: January 2010

During 1951 and 1952 a study was conducted on types of larval habitat, larval and adult feeding, cocoon spinning, the emergence process and oviposition of Utah black flies. Most of the work was concentrated at six stations in City Creek Canyon and four stations in Red Butte Canyon. The data obtained at these stations were supplemented with additional observations, made thru 1955, in various localities throughout the state.

Red Butte and City Creek Canyons are located on the western side of the Wasatch Mountains. Red Butte Canyon is directly east of Salt Lake City, and City Creek Canyon is approximately three miles northwest of Red Butte and north of the City.
Investigations Concerning Overwintering of House Flies in Manitoba
Authors: Hanec William
Published: January 2010

The purpose of the following investigation was to determine whether house flies overwinter under Manitoba winter conditions, and if so by what means. The overwintering problem is particularly interesting and important in areas with a severe winter climate such as that of Manitoba. Solving this problem would shed information as to the cold resistance and winter adaptations of this insect. It could also become an important factor in controlling this pest. By disinfecting overwintering sites the nuclei of next year's house fly population would be reduced. This in turn might retard the attainment of the high house fly population level during the following summer.
Old World Lonchaeids of the Genus Silba Macquart (= Carpolonchaea Bezzi), with Descriptions of Six New Species (Diptera: Lonchaeidae)
Authors: McAlpine J. F.
Published: January 2010

Many species of the genus Silba Macquart (= Carpolonchaea Bezzi) are important pests of fruits and vegetables during their larval stages but taxonomically the adults are poorly known. Representatives of 15 species of the genus from widely separated localities in the Old World have come to hand during studies on the family. This paper clarifies the identities of the males of these 15 species, six being described as new to science.
Notes on the Life History and Habits of a Chalcid, Bruchophagus caraganae (Nik.), (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), Infesting Seeds of Caragana
Authors: Hedlin A. F.
Published: January 2010

In 1947, while a caragana breeding improvement program was being carried out on the Forest Nursery Station, Indian Head, Saskatchewan, it was discovered that a large percentage of seed was being destroyed by an insect. This insect, the caragana seed chalcid, which interfered seriously with the plant breeding work, is apparently identical with the Russian Bruchophagus caraganae (Nik.) (Nikol'skaya, 1952).
Ecology of the Leaf-cutter Bee Megachile perihirta Ckll. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Relation to Production of Alfalfa Seed
Authors: Hobbs G. A.
Published: January 2010

The relative importance as pollinators of alfalfa of each of the 14 species of Megachile that occur in southern Alberta has been assessed on the basis of Alberta distribution, frequency and abundance in mixed prairie, nesting habits, pollen preferences, and flight period; two ground-nesting species of the subgenus Xanthosarus Rob., Megachile perihirta Ckll. and M. dentitarsus Slad., were judged the principal pollinators (Hobbs and Lilly, 1954).
The Influence of Spray Programs on the Fauna of Apple Orchards in Nova Scotia. X. Supplement to VII. Effects on Some Beneficial Arthropods
Authors: MacPhee A. W. , Sanford K. H.
Published: January 2010

The toxic effects of a number of orchard spray chemicals on predators and parasites were given in an earlier paper (MacPhee and Sanford, 1951), which presented results obtained before 1953 and gave a list of biotic control agents, their hosts, and periods of activity. It also gave a review of the literature, showing in tabular form the effects of orchard pesticides on beneficial species.
Studies of Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae): II. An Annotated List of the Predators Associated with the Balsam Woolly Aphid in Eastern Canada
Authors: Brown N. R. , Clark R. C.
Published: January 2010

The present paper is the second of a series arising from a continuing study of the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.), and its biological control. The history of this introduced insect has been described (Balch, 1952). During the course of our studies a number of records of species associated with A. piceae have been obtained.
Phygadeuon trichops Thoms. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), an Occasional Parasite of Hylemya spp. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)
Authors: Monteith A. Elizabeth
Published: January 2010

In extensive surveys for parasites of Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), H. floralis (Fall.), and H. cilicrura (Rond.) on cruciferous crops in Canada and Europe, observations were made on the life-histories and behaviour of the parasites. Accounts of the two most abundant parasites, Aleochara bilineata Gyll. and Trybliographa rapae (Westw.), have already been published, the former by Colhoun (1953) and the latter by Wishart and Monteith (1954). The present paper deals with one of the minor parasites, Phygadeuon trichops Thoms. In the surveys this parasite was found in Norway, Holland, and Scotland but in such small numbers as to indicate that it has other, preferred hosts and that it only occasionally attacks Hylemya spp. Phygadeuon fumator (Grav.) was reared from Hylemya sp. from France and is recorded in the literature from Hylemya spp. in Russia (Meier, 1927; Vodinskaya, 1928) and in England (Wadsworth, 1915). No references were found to P. trichops from Hylemya spp. and no accounts of the biology of either species.
Studies on the Balsam-Fir Seed Chalcid, Megastigmus specularis Walley (Hymenoptera, Chalcididae)
Authors: Hedlin A. F.
Published: January 2010

The balsam-fir seed chalcid, Megastigmus specularis Walley, destroys a high percentage of seeds of balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. The insect was first recorded in Canada in 1928 from New Brunswick and in 1932 was described by Walley (1932). It has been taken in the United States as far west as Minnesota (Peck, 1951). In 1953 the insect was reared from seeds of balsam fir taken at the Forest Nursery Station, Indian Head, Saskatchewan. Further investigations in 1954 showed the insect to be abundant at Indian Head, and also in natural stands of balsam fir in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba.
Note onSipha agropyrellaHille Ris Lambers (Homoptera: Aphidae), an Aphid New to North America
Authors: MacGillivray M. E.
Published: January 2010

On June 20, 1950, aphids were collected from grass on the Tantramar marshes at Middle Sackville, N.B. The aphids were causing serious damage and turning the grass brown. The writer was unable to place the aphid in a genus according to Hottes and Frison (193l), Gillette and Palmer (1931), or Baker (1923). However, according to Baker (1920) and Theobold (1929) the aphid would fall in the genusAtheroidesHaliday, on the basis of the shape of the cauda. It differed from the descriptions by Laing (1920) and Baker (1920) of the genusAtheroidesin that the cornicles were prominent. In February, 1955, several specimens of the aphid were sent to Mr. J. P. Doncaster, British Museum of Natural History, who (in litt.) determined the specimens as ofSipha agropyrella(H.R.L.). Dr. Hille Ris Lambers, Bennekom, Holland agreed (in litt.) with this determination.
Studies of the Bronze Birch Borer, Agrilus anxius Gory, in New Brunswick
Authors: Barter G. W.
Published: January 2010

Agrilus anxius was described by Gory (1841), and later given the name “bronze birch borer” by Chittenden (1898). It was recently separated from a closely allied species attacking poplar, A. liragus (Barter and Brown, 1949; Smith, 1949). The borer is native to North America and occurs apparently throughout most of the range olf birch from Newfoundland to British Columbia, and south to New Jersey, Ohio, and Colorado (Barter and Brown, 1949; Fisher, 1928).
Insects Affecting Seed Production in Red Pine: IV. Recognition and Extent of Damage to Cones
Authors: Lyons L. A.
Published: January 2010

The broad study of factors responsible for poor seed production by red pines (Pinus resinosae Ait.) in central and southern Ontario has been concerned with the seed production capacity and efficiency of sound cones (1) and the description, life history, behaviour, and natural control of cone-inhabiting insects (2, 3, 4). The present contribution, which concludes the four-part series on red pine cone insects, deals with the time and duration of cone attack by the various insect species and the variability in the intensity of cone damage from year to year and from one locality to another. As an aid to the field diagnosis of the cause of cone damage, keys based on the appearance of mature larvae and injured cones are included.
Notes on the Genus Hystrichopsylla Rothschild in the New World, with Descriptions of One New Species and Two New Subspecies (Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsyllidae)
Authors: Holland George P.
Published: January 2010

The genus Hystrichopsylla is Holarctic in distribution; its species include the largest known fleas. Only a few of the species exhibit marked host preferences. H. talpae (Curtis), the type of the genus, occurs through much of Europe and Asia, where the favoured hosts are insectivores and small rodents. It differs from all other known species chiefly in the presence of true combs of long, pigmented spines on abdominal terga II to IV (Fig. 1). Because of the differences, Ioff and Scalon (1950, in Ioff and Scalon et al., p. 273) proposed the subgenus Hystroceras (type, H. satunini Wagn.) to contain a group of Palaearctic species (satunini Wagn., microti Scalon, and nicolai Scalon) that have the abdominal combs reduced to series of apical spinelets (Fig. 2); this taxon would include all the known Nearctic species of Hystrichopsylla. Ioff and Scalon considered Typhloceras Wagn., known only from the Palaearctic region, a third subgenus, but this interpretation will probably not be generally followed.
Human Furuncular Myiasis Caused by the Flesh FlyWohlfahrtia opaca(Coq.) (Sarcophagidae: Diptera)
Authors: Haufe W. O. , Nelson W. A.
Published: January 2010

Cases of furuncular myiasis in humans have been reported in the literature from time to time, many of them having been attributed to parasitism by sarcophagid flies. O'Rourke (10) described a case of furuncular myiasis due toWohlfahrtia vigil(Walk.) in a month-old infant at Ottawa. He reviewed the life-history and distribution of the species and previous records of myiasis cawed by it. Israels and Shuman (4) published an informative general review of myiasis dermatosa. Hunt and Edwards (3) reported a case in a three-month-old infanr at Montreal. This is a report on similar cases that occurred at Lethbridge, Alberta, in 1953 and in 1955 and a review of other records for Western Canada and the United States.
A Virus Disease and Introduced Parasites as Factors Controlling the European Spruce Sawfly, Diprion hercyniae (Htg.), in Central New Brunswick
Authors: Bird F. T. , Elgee D. E.
Published: January 2010

An outbreak of the European spruce sawfly, Diprion hercyniae (Htg.), was discovered in the Gaspé Peninsula in 1930. By 1938, heavy infestations had developed west of the Gaspé Peninsula in Quebec, throughout New Brunswick and northern Maine, and in parts of Vermont and New Hampshire. Moderate to light infestations occurred through all other parts of the spruce forests of this region and extended from Nova Scotia, to the north shore of the St. Lawrence River, and west to Ontario.
The Use of Radioactive Cobalt in Studies of the Dispersal of Adult Females of the European Pine Shoot Moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.)
Authors: Green G. W. , Sullivan C. R. , Baldwin W. F.
Published: January 2010

This paper describes a successful attempt to tag adult females of the European pine shoot, Rhyacionia buoliuna (Schiff.) with Co60, chosen as a tagging agent because it is a gamma emitter with a sufficiently long half-life (5.3 years). Emphasis is placed on the preparation and application of the tracer material, the absence of immediately harmful effects of radiation on the insects, and the ability of the insects to behave normally with the tags in place. This work was undertaken in order so develop techniques for following the movements of large numbers of these insects.
Three Useful Insect Cages
Authors: MacGillivray M. E. , Anderson G. B.
Published: January 2010

Three types of cages, suitable for rearing potato-infesting aphids on whole plants, parts of plants, and excised leaves, have been developed during aphid investigations at the Fredericton laboratory. These cages have been used in the greenhouse and insectary with the four potato-infesting aphids Myzus persicae (Sulz.), Macrosiphum solanifolii (Ashm.), Aphis abbreviata Patch, and Aulacorthum solani (Kltb.).
A Trap for Insects Emerging from the Soil
Authors: Turnock W. J.
Published: January 2010

The larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), overwinters in a cocoon in the ground and has an adult emergence period that may last two months. Ecological studies of this insect require information on the number of adults emerging and the seasonal pattern of emergence. Several types of open-bottomed screen emergence cages without traps were tested but the insects caught in such cages were difficult to remove. Also, many of the adults were lost in the vegetation unless the cages were visited more frequently than was practicable. The trap described here, attached to a screen cage, eliminates the objections given above and could be of use to persons interested in insects which emerge from the soil.
Bryobia arborea n. sp. and Morphological Characters Distinguishing It from B. praetiosa Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Morgan C. V. G. , Anderson N. H.
Published: January 2010

The clover, or brown, mite, Bryobia praetiosa Koch, was described in 1836 from specimens collected an shrubbery in Germany. The systematics of the species is complex and confusing. By 1838, Koch had described four species in the genus Bryobia but he preserved no type specimens and his descriptions do not agree with his illustrations (7, 12). Subsequent workers either placed Koch's species in synonomy nor described new species. Two species, speciosa Koch and ribis Thomas, have created the most controversv. B. speciosa was accepted as valid by Koch, Berlese, Canestrini and Fanzago, ind Oudemans, but rejected by von Hanstein and Trägårdh (2, 12). The gooseberry mite, B. ribis, was recognized as a valid species by Thomas and von Hanstein but Oudemans and Trägårdh placed it in synonomy with B. praetiosa (12). Further confusion was caused by the descriptions of additional new species of Bryobia and by descriptions of immature stages of B. praetiosa (8). The following taxonomic characters used by early acarologists in describing species of Bryobia have since been considered too variable for distinguishing species: number of femoral and tarsal hairs on the foreleg, body size, concavity of dorsum, and size and shape of cephalothoracic plate (7, 8, 12). Consequently, taxonomists have been at a loss to interpret Koch's original descriptions and subsequent redescriptions became inevitable. Because of the lack of morphological distinctions the modern trend has been to group all previously proposed species into one valid species (7, 8). As a result, 20 synonyms are now recognized for B. praetiosa (8).
Note on the Status of Some Genera in the Family Phytoseiidae (Acarina)
Authors: Chant D. A.
Published: January 2010

Mites of the family Phytoseiidae, most of which are at least partially predacious, have received considerable attention from fruit entomologists since Parrott et al. (1906, pp. 302-303) stated that they feed extensively on phytophagous mites. This has resulted in much interest in the taxonomic status of Phytoseiidae and several papers on this subject have appeared in recent years.
Some Notes on the Biology of Monochamus scutellatus (Say) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Rose A. H.
Published: January 2010

Generally throughout eastern Canada, wood borers of the genus Monochamus present the greatest single theat to softwood logs that must remain in the woods thrnughoat the summer and to standing trees killed as a result of fire or other disturbance. Althoush a considerable body of literature has been accumulated on the general biology and taxonomy of rlie econonucally important species (4, 5, 11, 15), on the ainount of damage caused by them under particular circumstances (2, 12), and on the protection of logs from damage (1, 3, 10, 13, 14), comparatively little detail is available on their seasonal development.
Trinidad Encyrtidae II. Some Additional Mealybug Parasites
Authors: Bennett Fred D.
Published: January 2010

During the investigation of mealybug parasites in Trinidad seven species of Aenasius, one of them new, and a new species of Zarhopalus have been reared. The new species are described herein.

Genus Aenasius

Compere, (Proc. Hawaii. ent. Soc., 9, pp. 383-404, 1937) gave a comprehensive review of the genus, described several new species and provided a key for the separation of the known species. Recently three additional species have been described, Aenasius masii, by Domenichini (Boll. 2001. agrar. bachic., 17, 157-180, 1951) from Peru, Aenasius theobromae by Kerrich (Bull. ent. Res., 44, 789-810, 1953) from Trinidad, and Aenasius bolowi by Mercet (Rev. Acad., Madrid, 41, 461-468, 1947) from Costa Rica.
A Dispersal of Larvae of the Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Cass L. M.
Published: January 2010

In July, 1952, during studies on the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), at Merivale, Ontario, a large-scale dispersal of the larvae was observed. A field of early potatoes consisting of seven 100-foot rows, which was to be used as a source of supply of the insect for plant resistance studies, had been artifically infested on June 30 by placing an overwintered adult on each plant. The beetles laid eggs in largc numbers and by the second week of July the plants were overpopulated wit11 larvae. By July 14 the plants were stripped of foliage and the larvae were forced to feed on the stalks. On the morning of July 16 the starving larvae began to leave the plants in large numbers. Almost all left on the one day, some of them travelling considerable distances.
Phytophaga rigidae (O.S.) (Diptera: Itonididae), Sawflies (Euura sp.) and Hymenopterous Parasites Reared from the Beaked Gall of Willow
Authors: Judd W. W.
Published: January 2010

On February 13, 1955, a collection of galls was taken from a row of willow shrubs, Salix sp., growing in a ditch on the west side of Adelaide Street between the sixth and seventh Concession lines of London Township, Middlesex County, Ontario. The galls ranged in size from about one inch to one and a half inches long and were fusiform in shape with a slightly curved beak at the tip (Fig. 1, 2, 3). They were identified, with keys and descriptions of galls of willow in Felt (1912, 1940), as beaked willow gills caused by the fly Phytophaga rigidae (O.S.). Several galls were split open, disclosing in each a narrow central chamher which was closed at its lower end and which opened at its upper end through the beak. In the chamber was an orange larvae, about 7 mm. long, with its anterior end toward the opening of the chamber. It was recognizable as an itonidid larva because of the presence on it of the “breast-plate” typical of larvae of the family Itonididae.
Rearing Houseflies and Roaches for Physiological Research
Authors: Fisher R. W. , Jursic F.
Published: January 2010

The first objective in the breeding of insects for physiological research is a sufficient number of insects of the greatest uniformity both within and between generations. The methods used must emphasize conditions of cleanliness and should preferably give freedom from offensive odours. Wit11 the growth of Knowledge of the factors involved and with the development of new food materids the rearing procedures have been modified. This article describes the present status of our methods used in the rearing of houseflies and roaches.
A New Subspecies of Sparagmia gigantalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Munroe Eugene
Published: January 2010

Specimens recently received for identification from Dr. C. Bernard Lewis, Institute of Jamaica, Kingston, proved to belong to the widely distributed Neotropical species Sparagmia gigantalis Guenée, described from NouvelleFribourg, Brazil. These specimens agree with others from Jamaica in the collection of Mr. N. Shoumatoff, New Yorlr, in having the ground colour of a much brighter orange than in South American specimens, in having the transverse lines somewhat weaker, and in having the submarginal violaceaus patch of the fore wing relatively pale. These characters are not duplicated in the long series from various parts of Central and South America with which I have compared the Jamaican specimens, and I accordingly designate the latter as Sparagmia gigantalis shouwatoffi, new subspecies, with type material as follows: Holotype, male, “Monigue” [Moneague], St. Ann, Jamaica, July 19, 1933, A. Avinoff and N. Shoumatoff; allotype, female, Baron Hill, Trelawny, Jamaica, October, 1931, Lilly Perkins; one male paratype, Greenhills, Hardwar Gap, Jamaica, July 17, 1936, E. Paine; these specimens in the collection of N. Shoumatoff, deposited at the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. AdditionaI paratypes as follows: in the Canadian National Collection, one male, Christiana, Jamaica, August, 1940, and one female, Jacks Hill, St. Andrew, Jamaica, Aug. 5, 1951, J. V. Neish, type No.6460, C.N.C.; in the Institute of Jamaica, one male, Jacks Hill, St. Andrew, Jamaica, Aug. 5, 1951, J. V. Neish, this specimen with most of the fore wing suffused with dark brown.
Similarities in the Histology of the Gut of Some Species of Tribolium Macleay (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) and Oryzaephilus Ganglbauer (Col., Cucujidae)
Authors: Sinha R. N.
Published: January 2010

The alimentary canal of stored grain beetles is relatively simple compared to those of the higher orders of insects. But there are certain specializations from the generalized alimentary canal of the insect described by Snodgrass (1935). Striking similarities of structure have been observed in course of morphological investigation of the alimentary canals of two distantly related groups of beetles living on stored cereals. The differences between the two groups are few.
Two New Species ofCeraticelus(Araneae: Erigonidae) from Western North America
Authors: Dondale C. D.
Published: January 2010

Crosby and Bishop (1925) published a comprehensive revision of the New World genusCeraticelus, and from time to time other species have been described as they appeared. The following descriptions of two additional species were based upon specimens in the American Museum of Natural History in New York. All type material was deposited in that institution.
Role of Woodpeckers in Control of the Codling Moth in Nova Scotia
Authors: MacLellan C. R.
Published: January 2010

The value of woodpeckers in insect control has been recognized by entomologists for many years. Woodpeckers seek out and destroy many of the hidden insect pests of forest, shade and fruit trees and in the stalks or stems of agricultural crops. In forest trees, these birds have been reported destroying buprestid larvae and prepupae (1, 4, 16), cerambycid larvae and pupae (9, 10), and scolytid beetles (11-15, 18).
A New Species of Triaspis Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Ontario
Authors: Martin John C.
Published: January 2010

This species is closely related to Triaspis (T.) halidayi Martin, from South Dakota, and Triaspis (T.) kurtogaster Martin, from eastern North America. In all three species the abdominal carapace is relatively strongly longitudinally rugoso-punctate and apically emarginate, and the clypeus is transverse. The new species may be readily distinguished from kurtogaster by its non-reflexed margin of the clypeus and by its less strongly developed marginal lamella of the third abdominal tergite, and may be separated from halidayi by its stronger, coarser, general rugoseness and darker colour.
The Larvae of Deilinea Hübner (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), with Notes on Other Stages
Authors: McGuffin W. C.
Published: January 2010

The major concern of this work is a study of the external morphology of larvae of the Canadian species of Deilinea Hübner: D. borealis Hulst, D. erythemaria Guenée, D. exanthemata bryantaria Taylor, and D. variolaria Guenée. Observations on the life history and habits of two of these have been included.

The field work was carried out in 1955 and 1956 at the Kananaskis Forest Experiment Station, Seebe, Alberta. This station is on the east slope of the Rocky Mountains (Latitude 51°) and the observations were made at an altitude of about 4,500 feet.
Life-histories and Habits of the Clover Mite, Bryobia praetiosa Koch, and the Brown Mite, B. arborea M. & A., in British Columbia (Acarina: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Anderson N. H. , Morgan C. V. G.
Published: January 2010

Bryobia praetiosa Koch (1836) was formerly regarded as a complex of closely related species or races similar in morphological characters but varying widely in life-history, host plant specificity, and habits. The authors (30) have recently shown that two species, the clover mite, B. praetiosa Koch, and the brown mite, B. arborea Morgan and Anderson, can be distinguished in British Columbia on the basis of morphological characters. This paper presents ecological data in support of the morphological evidence.
Hydrogen-ion Concentrations in Alimentary Canals of Third-instar Larvae of Three Species of Hylemya
Authors: Salkeld E. H. , Friend W. G.
Published: January 2010

The hydrogen-ion concentration of the alimentary canal of insects has been studied by many workers. In their review of this subject, Day and Waterhouse (1953) conclude that the pH of the foregut is often the same as that of the food, that of the midgut varies in different species from 3 to 10, but that of the hindgut rarely varies far from neutrality. Various methods of determining pH and their relative merits have been discussed by Waterhouse (1940). He considers that incorporating pH indicators into the food is the most accurate method with insects that are too small to enable their gut pH to be measured electrometrically.
Identities of Species ofLecaniumBurmeister in Canada (Homoptera: Coccoidea)
Authors: Richards W. R.
Published: January 2010

This paper describes females and some of the larval stages and male “puparia” for species ofLecaniumknown to occur in Canada. Also, it tenders a solution toward establishing a name for a North American species that has been confused withL. corniBouché as identified by Marchal (1908).
Note on the Green-Muscardine Fungus, Metarrhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sor., as a Control for Wireworms
Authors: Fox C. J. S. , Jaques R. P.
Published: January 2010

The fungus Metarrhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sor., which causes a disease in insects known as green-muscardine, was first used by Metchnikoff in 1879 to infect insects artificially. Subsequently it was widely tested as a control agent with a few encouraging results (Steinhaus, 1949).

From 1951 to date the disease was common in a moderately dense population of the introduced elaterid wireworm Agriotes obscurus (L.) near Dartmouth, and much less prevalent in a very dense population of a related introduced species, A. sputator (L.), near Digby. The higher incidence of the disease near Dartmouth was tentatively attributed to the fact that this area has greater annual rainfall and is more subject to coastal fogs than is Digby. These observations led to the culturing and testing of the fungus in the laboratory and to attempts to increase the incidence of the disease at both Digby and Dartmouth by artificial dissemination of the spores in the soil.
Effects of 1956 Spring and Summer Temperatures on Spruce Budworm Populations (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) in the Gaspé Peninsula
Authors: Blais J. R.
Published: January 2010

In 1956, the spruce budworm infestation which had been in progress in the Lower St. Lawrence and Gaspe Peninsula for about eight years, covered the whole territory from the Rimouski River to the eastern tip of the Peninsula (Fig. 1). In many localities throughout the region repeated defoliation had been severe enough to cause some trees to die (3) . Had it not been for the extensive aerial spraying operations practised in this region since 1954, tree mortality would undoubtedly have been even more widespread.
Notes onScatophaga stercoraria(L.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), A Predator of the Cabbage Maggot,Hylemya brassicae(Bouché)
Authors: Read D. C.
Published: January 2010

During investigations on the life-history and habits of the cabbage maggot, (Hylemya brassicae(Bouché), at Charlottetown in 1956, specimens of the dipterous predatorScatophaga stercoraria(L.) were observed destroying adults in an outdoor study cage. Identification of the specimens was confirmed by Dr. J. R. Vockeroth, Entomology Division, Ottawa.
Notes on Larentiinae—New Records and Corrections (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Authors: Ferguson Douglas C.
Published: January 2010

Recent studies in the Larentiinae revealed two new occurrences for North America, one apparently indigenous and the other introduced. A third species discussed below has stood in the American lists for over fifty years on the basis of a misdetermination, and should be removed.

Lygris populata L.

The early literature contains many references to this species in North America but it is almost certain that all such records can be attributed to the superficially similar Nearctic species, Lygris propulsata Wlk. During current investigations in the genus Dysstroma, I encountered Alaskan specimens that proved to be genuine Lygris populata. These specimens, in the collections of three different museums where they were misdetermined as, or mixed in with, material of Dysstroma glacialis Hlst., are as follows:
Periods of Flight and Oviposition of the Cabbage Maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), in Southern Alberta
Authors: Swailes G. E.
Published: January 2010

The cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), is one of the main factors limiting the production of high-quality rutabagas, Brassica napobrassica Mill., in the irrigated districts of southern Alberta. This crop is damaged late in its growing season; there is little damage to cruciferous crops in early spring except that occasionally early-transplanted cauliflowers are killed. This suggested the possibility of some change in the cropping practice if the flight and oviposition periods, recorded herein, were accurately known.