bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematics of Neotropical microteiid lizards (Gymnophthalmidae, Cercosaurinae), with the description of a new genus and species from the Andean montane forests
Authors: Moravec Jiří , Šmíd Jiří , Štundl Jan , Lehr Edgar
Published: July 2018

Cercosaurine lizards (subfamily Cercosaurinae of the family Gymnophthalmidae) represent a substantial component of the reptile fauna in the Neotropics. Several attempts have been made to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships within this group, but most studies focused on particular genera or regions and did not cover the subfamily as a whole. In this study, material from the montane forests of Peru was newly sequenced. In combination with all cercosaurine sequences available on GenBank, an updated phylogeny of Cercosaurinae is provided. Monophyly was not supported for three of the currently recognised genera (Echinosaura,Oreosaurus, andProctoporus). The genusProctoporusis formed by five monophyletic groups, which should be used in future taxonomic revisions as feasible entities. Recognition of two previously identified undescribed clades (Unnamed clades 2 and 3) was supported and yet another undescribed clade (termed here Unnamed clade 4), which deserves recognition as an independent genus, was identified herein.Selvasaurabrava, a new genus and new species of arboreal gymnophthalmid lizard is described from the montane forests of the Pui Pui Protected Forest, Provincia de Chanchamayo, Región Junín, Peru. The new species is characterised by its small size (SVL 42.1–45.9 mm), slender body, smooth head shields, presence of paired prefrontal shields, fused anteriormost supraocular and anteriormost superciliary shields, transparent not divided lower palpebral disc, slightly rugose subimbricate rectangular dorsal scales in adults (slightly keeled in juveniles), distinctly smaller but non-granular lateral scales, smooth squared to rectangular ventral scales, and hemipenial lobes large, distinct from the hemipenial body. Phylogenetic affinities of the new genus to the other cercosaurine genera, as well as basal phylogenetic relationships between the other cercosaurine genera remain unresolved.
A Biomechanical Study of an Alternative Internal Fixation Method for Transverse Patella Fractures
Authors: Han Shuai , Li Dongdong , Zhang Peixun , Yin Xiaofeng , Kou Yuhui , Han Na , Fu Zhongguo
Published: July 2018

Pain and reoperation after fixation using tension band wiring and K-wires is not uncommon. A novel hook plate was designed to improve the treatment of patella fractures. The aim of this study was to compare the stability of the hook plate with that of tension band wiring and K-wires in a simulated patellar transverse fracture model (AO/OTA classification 34-C1.1). The authors tested 16 embalmed cadaver knee joints fixed with the hook plate and tension band wiring and K-wires under cyclic loading. Specimens underwent 100 cycles extending the knee joint from 90° of flexion to full extension at a velocity of 50 mm/min. The fracture gap was measured after the initial and last cycles. Data were assessed statistically using the
t
test, with significance set as
P
<.05. The fatigue test showed that the fracture gap after 100 cycles was 2.97±1.39 mm using tension band wiring and K-wires and 1.53±0.93 mm for the hook plate (
P
=.029). Six of 8 specimens in the tension band wiring and K-wires group met the failure criterion of fracture gap greater than 2 mm vs 1 in the hook plate group (
P
=.041). From a biomechanical point of view, the hook plate is a valid alternative to tension band wiring and K-wires for fixing patella transverse fractures. Compared with tension band wiring and K-wires, the hook plate may have superior ability in sustaining a reduced transverse patella fracture. [
Orthopedics
. 2018; 41(5):e643–e648.]
Stand-alone Anterior Lumbar Interbody, Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody, and Anterior/Posterior Fusion: Analysis of Fusion Outcomes and Costs
Authors: Bozzio Anthony E. , Johnson Christopher R. , Fattor Jill A. , Kleck Christopher J. , Patel Vikas V. , Burger Evalina L. , Noshchenko Andriy , Cain Christopher M. J.
Published: July 2018

Fusion outcomes and costs of stand-alone anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in association with posterior fusion, and anterior/posterior (A/P) fusion were compared using clinical, radiographic, and billing data. Adult patients with symptomatic 1- or 2-level degenerative disk disease in isolation or in association with a grade 1 or 2 degenerative or lytic spondylolisthesis and canal and/or foraminal stenosis who underwent elective stand-alone ALIF, TLIF, or A/P fusion were compared. The analysis focused primarily on fusion rates and costs and secondarily on radiographic and clinical parameters. One hundred six patients at least 2 years beyond surgery (ALIF, 53; TLIF, 17; A/P fusion, 36) were reviewed. Demographics were similar except for age, with the ALIF group being younger (mean, 37.8 years) than the other groups (TLIF, 53.1 years; A/P fusion, 48.2 years). There were no differences between the groups in fusion rates or outcomes as assessed by the Numeric Rating Scale. Compared with the other 2 groups, the ALIF group had a significantly shorter operative time, less blood loss, and a shorter stay (
P
<.0001). Evaluation of radiographic parameters revealed significant differences regarding disk angle (
P
<.001), disk height (
P
<.0001), and pelvic tilt (
P
=.001) favoring ALIF and A/P fusion over TLIF. Stand-alone ALIF should be considered in the management of patients with 1- or 2-level lumbar degenerative disk disease for which the pathology can be addressed adequately via this approach. [
Orthopedics
. 2018; 41(5):e655–e662.]
Avaliação da função pulmonar em diferentes fases da cirurgia de troca de valva cardíaca
Authors: Silva Edivânia Soares , Gouvêa Thaís , Pinto Jéssica Monteiro , Gomes Thayná Cristinne Oliveira , Rocha Larissa Salgado de Oliveira , Avila Paulo Eduardo Santos , Rocha Rodrigo Santiago Barbosa
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: investigar a função pulmonar em diferentes fases da cirurgia de troca de valva cardíaca. Método: Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal de caráter quantitativo, participaram do estudo voluntários do sexo masculino e com idade entre 25-50 anos, com diagnóstico de valvopatia com indicação cirúrgica de troca de valva cardíaca. Onde foi avaliado o pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE) no período pré-operatório, no período pós operatório na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) e no período pós operatório na enfermaria. Foram realizadas até oito medidas, sendo selecionado o maior valor de três medidas reprodutíveis e aceitáveis com variação máxima de 10% do valor obtido. A análise estatística foi realizada no programa Bioestat 5.0, utilizou-se o teste de Shpiro-Wilk para verificar a normalidade e o teste Anova para análise da variância dos dados, admitiu-se nível de significância p<0,05. Resultados: o pico de fluxo expiratório foi maior na fase pré-operatória (500,00 ± 82,15) quando comparados ao período de avaliação na unidade de terapia intensiva (421,11 ± 46,21) e após alta da unidade de terapia intensiva (452,22 ± 46,03). Conclusão: Foi possível observar alteração da função pulmonar decorrente da cirurgia de troca de valva cardíaca e mesmo após algum tempo decorrido da cirurgia a função pulmonar não retornou aos valores prévios à cirurgia.
Análise espaço-temporal da incidência de tuberculose na atenção primária
Authors: Santos Bruno de Oliveira , Brito Thuany Vulcão Raniéri , Mesquita Cristal Ribeiro , Guimarães Ricardo José de Paula Souza e , Leão Lucas de Araújo , Rocha Mateus Pantoja
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Analisar a distribuição espacial das incidências de Tuberculose (TB) nas áreas adscritas de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família, no município de Belém-PA, no período de 2010 a 2015. Método: Estudo ecológico descritivo retrospectivo com abordagem quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada junto à Secretária Municipal de Saúde de Belém. Foi utilizada técnica estatística, qui-quadrado de partição para evidenciar a significância entre possíveis proporções desiguais das variáveis e a geoestatistica, por meio da técnica de Kernel que permitiu detectar onde os eventos estavam concentrados.Resultados: A análise dos dados revelou a maior ocorrência de casos no ano de 2012 (25,1%) e a menor em 2010 (6,8%). Observou-se a maior prevalência de TB no sexo masculino (70,45%), cor parda (77,3%), faixa etária entre 14-25 anos (27,3%) e escolaridade até o ensino fundamental incompleto (22,7%). Apesar da contribuição dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) na localização dos endereços, apenas foi possível geocodificar 95% dos casos novos. Foi observado também que a doença está distribuida de forma heterogênea, evidenciando desigualdades nas áreas analisadas, com aglomeração espacial dos casos em áreas tradicionalmente mais carentes da região. O estudo proporcionou o conhecimento Epidemiológico da área, fornecendo elementos para construção da cadeia explicativa dos problemas encontrados, auxiliando na tomada de decisão dos gestores públicos.Conclusão: As técnicas utilizadas permitiram identificar áreas de vulnerabilidade ao adoecimento, e seu reconhecimento é imprescindível para direcionar políticas públicas de enfrentamento e controle da doença.
Once in a Blue Moon, Congenital Anterior Urethral Diverticulum
Authors: Juneja Rohit , Manjunath L , Veerendra H S , Mathad Ananth S
Published: July 2018

Anterior urethral valves (AUVs) are rare congenital anomalies causing lower urinary tract obstruction in children. Although they are referred to as valves, these obstructive structures often occur in the form of a diverticulum. Congenital anterior urethral diverticulum (CAUD) is an uncommon/rare entity in children which can lead to obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms and urosepsis. Over the past 20 years, more than 260 cases have been reported. However, most cases are diagnosed on prenatal ultrasonography (USG) in early life if patients present with bilateral hydronephrosis and/or azotemia. Diagnosis is by ureteroscopy and radiological imaging. Surgical treatment can be open or endoscopic. Here, we report a new case of CAUD and discuss its clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management. A brief review of the literature is also presented.
Could/should Jubilee debt cancellations be reintroduced today? If not, what alternative measures of debt relief and redistribution might be possible?
Authors: Hudson Michael , Goodhart Charles
Published: July 2018

In this paper the authors recall the history of Jubilee debt cancellations, emphasizing what their social purpose was at that time. They note that it would not be possible to copy that procedure exactly nowadays, primarily because most debt/credit relationships are intermediated via financial institutions, such as banks, insurance companies, etc., rather than by governments or wealthy families directly. But they argue that the underlying social purpose of such Jubilees – to keep debt within the reasonable ability to be paid without social and economic polarisation – could be recreated via alternative mechanisms, and they discuss the politico-economic arguments for, and against, doing so.
Turbulent transport of energy across a forest and a semiarid shrubland
Authors: Banerjee Tirtha , Brugger Peter , De Roo Frederik , Kröniger Konstantin , Yakir Dan , Rotenberg Eyal , Mauder Matthias
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The role of secondary circulations has recently been studied in the context
of well-defined surface heterogeneity in a semiarid ecosystem where it was
found that energy balance closure over a desert–forest system and the
structure of the boundary layer was impacted by advection and flux
divergence. As a part of the CliFF (“Climate feedbacks and benefits of
semi-arid forests”, a collaboration between KIT, Germany, and the Weizmann
Institute, Israel) campaign, we studied the boundary layer dynamics and
turbulent transport of energy corresponding to this effect in Yatir Forest
situated in the Negev Desert in Israel. The forest surrounded by small shrubs
presents a distinct feature of surface heterogeneity, allowing us to study
the differences between their interactions with the atmosphere above by
conducting measurements with two eddy covariance (EC) stations and two
Doppler lidars. As expected, the turbulence intensity and vertical fluxes of
momentum and sensible heat are found to be higher above the forest compared
to the shrubland. Turbulent statistics indicative of nonlocal motions are
also found to differ over the forest and shrubland and also display a strong
diurnal cycle. The production of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) over the
forest is strongly mechanical, while buoyancy effects generate most of the
TKE over the shrubland. Overall TKE production is much higher above the
forest compared to the shrubland. The forest is also found to be more
efficient in dissipating TKE. The TKE budget appears to be balanced on
average both for the forest and shrubland, although the imbalance of the TKE
budget, which includes the role of TKE transport, is found to be quite
different in terms of diurnal cycles for the forest and shrubland. The
difference in turbulent quantities and the relationships between the
components of TKE budget are used to infer the characteristics of the
turbulent transport of energy between the desert and the forest.
Monitoring of the gas composition and stable carbon isotopes during side track drilling in Ktzi 203 at the Ketzin CO2 storage pilot site, Germany
Authors: Zimmer Martin , Szizybalski Alexandra , Norden Ben , Vieth-Hillebrand Andrea , Liebscher Axel ,   the Ketzin Group
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Between 2004 and 2017 the storage of CO2 in a deep saline aquifer was investigated in detail at the Ketzin pilot site close to Berlin. The series of research projects, coordinated by the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, also incorporated an interdisciplinary scientific monitoring program during all phases of the storage process which provided a reliable insight into the overall behaviour of CO2 during storage in the underground. Prior to abandonment and cementing of the Ktzi 203 observation well, two side tracks were cored from 643.1 to 662.6 m and from 624.5 to 654.5 m, respectively. The drilled sections included the transition zone from the cap rock (Weser Formation) to the reservoir in the Stuttgart Formation which had been exposed to the injected CO2 for more than nine years. During the drilling operation continuous mud gas logging was performed by applying a mud gas separator, a mass spectrometer and a CO2 isotope-analyser for continuous separation and analyses of the extracted gas. Drill cores were shrink-wrapped with plastic foil to collect discharging gases. CO2 concentrations in the cap rock were relatively low and their isotopic compositions were in accord with typical Upper Triassic formation fluids providing no evidence for a significant CO2 infiltration from the underlying reservoir into the cap rock. A clear increase in the CO2 concentration and a shift in δ13CCO2 between the cap rock and the reservoir indicated the presence of the injected CO2 in the sandstone formation. The comparison with samples collected five years earlier in 2012 showed similar concentrations and isotopic depth trends which indicate a rather stagnant CO2 plume at depth and the tightness and integrity of the cap rock and the borehole cementing.
Atmospheric bending effects in GNSS tomography
Authors: Möller Gregor , Landskron Daniel
Published: July 2018

Abstract. In GNSS tomography, precise information about the tropospheric water vapor distribution is derived from integral measurements like GNSS slant wet delays (SWDs). Therefore, the functional relation between observations and unknowns, i.e. the signal paths have to be accurately known for each station-satellite pair involved. Since GNSS signals are prone to atmospheric bending effects, a straight line assumption is not sufficient for elevation angles
Description and basic evaluation of simulated mean state, internal variability, and climate sensitivity in MIROC6
Authors: Tatebe Hiroaki , Ogura Tomoo , Nitta Tomoko , Komuro Yoshiki , Ogochi Koji , Takemura Toshihiko , Sudo Kengo , Sekiguchi Miho , Abe Manabu , Saito Fuyuki , Chikira Minoru , Watanabe Shingo , Mori Masato , Hirota Nagio , Kawatani Yoshio , Mochizuki Takashi , Yoshimura Kei , Takata Kumiko , O'ishi Ryouta , Yamazaki Dai , Suzuki Tatsuo , Kurogi Masao , Kataoka Takahito , Watanabe Masahiro , Kimoto Masahide
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The sixth version of the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC), called MIROC6, was cooperatively developed by a Japanese modeling community. In the present manuscript, simulated mean climate, internal climate variability, and climate sensitivity in MIROC6 are evaluated and briefly summarized in comparison with the previous version of our climate model (MIROC5) and observations. The results show that overall reproducibility of mean climate and internal climate variability in MIROC6 is better than that in MIROC5. The tropical climate systems (e.g., summertime precipitation in the western Pacific and the eastward propagating Madden-Julian Oscillation) and the mid-latitude atmospheric circulations (e.g., the westerlies, the polar night jet, and troposphere-stratosphere interactions) are significantly improved in MIROC6. These improvements can be attributed to the newly implemented parameterization for shallow convective processes and to the directly resolved stratosphere. While there are significant differences in climates and variabilities between the two models, the effective climate sensitivity of 2.5 K remains the same because the differences in radiative forcing and climate feedback tend to offset each other. With an aim towards contributing to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, designated simulations tackling a wide range of climate science issues, as well as seasonal-to-decadal climate predictions and future climate projections, are currently ongoing using MIROC6.
New experimental diagnostics in combustion of forest fuels: microscale appreciation for a macroscale approach
Authors: Cancellieri Dominique , Leroy-Cancellieri Valérie , Silvani Xavier , Morandini Frédéric
Published: July 2018

Abstract. In modelling the wildfire behaviour, good knowledge of the mechanisms and
the kinetic parameters controlling the thermal decomposition of forest fuel
is of great importance. The kinetic modelling is based on the mass-loss rate,
which defines the mass-source term of combustible gases that supply the
flames and influences the propagation of wildland fires. In this work, we
investigated the thermal degradation of three different fuels using a
multi-scale approach. Lab-scale experimental diagnostics such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), use of the cone calorimeter (CC) or Fire
Propagation Apparatus (FPA) led to valuable results for modelling the
thermal degradation of vegetal fuels and allowed several upgrades of
pyrolysis models. However, this work remains beyond large-scale conditions of a wildland or
forest fire. In an effort to elaborate on the kinetic models under realistic
natural fire conditions, a mass-loss device specifically designed for the
field scale has been developed. The paper presents primary results gained
using this new device, during large-scale experiments of controlled fires.
The mass-loss records obtained on a field scale highlight the influence of the
chemical composition and the structure of plants. Indeed, two species with
similar chemical and morphological characteristics exhibit similar
mass-loss rates, whereas the third presents different thermal behaviour. The experimental data collected at a field scale led to a new insight
about thermal degradation processes of natural fuel when compared to the
kinetic laws established in TGA. These new results provide a global
description of the kinetics of degradation of Mediterranean forest fuels.
The results led to a proposed thermal degradation mechanism that has also
been validated on a larger scale.
On the use of Weather Regimes to forecast meteorological drought over Europe
Authors: Lavaysse Christophe , Vogt Jürgen , Toreti Andrea , Carrera Marco L. , Pappenberger Florian
Published: July 2018

Abstract. An early warning system for drought events can provide valuable information for decision makers dealing with water resources management and international aid. However, predicting such extreme events is still a big challenge. In this study, we compare two approaches for drought predictions based, respectively, on forecasted precipitation derived from the extended ENSemble system of the ECMWF, and on forecasted Monthly Occurrence Anomaly of Weather Regimes (MOAWRs) also derived from the ECMWF model. Results show that the MOAWRs approach outperforms the one based on forecasted precipitation in winter in the northern and eastern parts of the European continent, where more than 65 % of droughts are detected one month in advance. While, the approach based on forecasted precipitation achieves better performance in predicting drought events in central and eastern Europe in both spring and summer, when the local atmospheric forcing could be the key driver of the precipitation. Sensitivity tests also reveal the challenges in predicting small-scales and onset drought events at longer lead times. Finally, in most of the cases, the ENSemble system of the ECMWF successfully represents the observed large scale atmospheric patterns, depicted by the MOAWRs, associated with drought events over Europe.
A high-resolution lithospheric magnetic field model over southern Africa based on a joint inversion of CHAMP, Swarm, WDMAM, and ground magnetic field data
Authors: Vervelidou Foteini , Thébault Erwan , Korte Monika
Published: July 2018

Abstract. We derive a lithospheric magnetic field model up to equivalent spherical harmonic degree 1000 over southern Africa. We rely on a joint inversion of satellite, near-surface, and ground magnetic field data. The input data set consists of magnetic field vector measurements from the CHAMP satellite, across-track magnetic field differences from the Swarm mission, the World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map, and magnetic field measurements from repeat stations and three local INTERMAGNET observatories. For the inversion scheme, we use the revised spherical cap harmonic analysis (R-SCHA), a regional analysis technique able to deal with magnetic field measurements obtained at different altitudes. The model is carefully assessed and displayed at different altitudes and its spectral content is compared to high-resolution global lithospheric field models. By comparing the shape of its spectrum to a statistical power spectrum of Earth's lithospheric magnetic field, we infer the mean magnetic thickness and the mean magnetization over southern Africa.
Rock glaciers in Daxue Shan, south-eastern Tibetan Plateau: an inventory, their distribution, and their environmental controls
Authors: Ran Zeze , Liu Gengnian
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Rock glaciers are typical periglacial landforms. They can indicate the
existence of permafrost, and can also shed light on the regional
geomorphological and climatic conditions under which they may have developed.
This article provides the first rock glacier inventory of Daxue Shan,
south-eastern Tibetan Plateau. The inventory is based on analyses of Google
Earth imagery. In total, 295 rock glaciers were identified in Daxue Shan,
covering a total area of 55.70 km2 between the altitudes of 4300 and
4600 m above sea level. Supported by ArcGIS and SPSS software programmes, we
extracted and calculated morphometric parameters of these rock glaciers, and
analysed the characteristics of their spatial distribution within Daxue Shan.
Our inventory suggests that the lower altitudinal boundary for permafrost
across the eight aspects of observed slopes differs significantly and that
the lower altitudinal permafrost boundary is ∼ 104 m higher on western
than eastern-facing slopes. Moraine-type and talus-derived rock glaciers
exhibit mean gradients that are all concentrated within the 22–35∘
range. However, lobate rock glaciers (27–45∘) have a higher mean
gradient than tongue-shaped rock glaciers (22–35∘). Shady (i.e. N,
NE, and E) slopes appear related to the presence of moraine-type rock
glaciers, whereas sunny (i.e. W, SW, and S) slopes appear related to the
presence of talus-derived rock glaciers. Rock glaciers in Daxue Shan are more
concentrated within tertiary monzonitic granite, which is more sensitive than
other lithological components to the freeze–thaw process. Continuous
weathering of this substrate provides the ideal raw material for the rock
glacier development. These results show that environmental controls (i.e.
topographical, climatic, lithological factors) greatly affect the formation
and development of rock glaciers. This study provides important data for
exploring the relation between maritime periglacial environments and the
development of rock glaciers on the south-eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP). It
may also highlight the characteristics typical of rock glaciers found in a
maritime setting.
Neutral equilibrium and forcing feedbacks in marine ice sheet modelling
Authors: Gladstone Rupert , Xia Yuwei , Moore John
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Poor convergence with resolution of ice sheet models when simulating grounding line migration has been known about for over a decade. However, some of the associated numerical artifacts remain absent from the published literature. In the current study we apply a Stokes-flow finite element marine ice sheet model to idealised grounding line evolution experiments. We show that with insufficiently fine model resolution, a region containing multiple steady state grounding line positions exists, with one steady state per node of the model mesh. This has important implications for the design of perturbation experiments used to test convergence of grounding line behaviour with resolution. Specifically, the design of perturbation experiments can be under-constrained, potentially leading to a "false positive" result. In this context a false positive is an experiment that appears to achieve convergence when in fact the model configuration is not close to its converged state. We demonstrate a false positive: an apparently successful perturbation experiment (i.e. reversibility is shown) for a model configuration that is not close to a converged solution. If perturbation experiments are to be used in the future, experiment design should be modified to provide additional constraints to the initialisation/spin up requirements. This region of multiple locally stable steady state grounding line positions has previously been mistakenly described as neutral equilibrium. This distinction has important implications for understanding the impacts of discretizing a forcing feedback involving grounding line position and basal friction. This forcing feedback can not, in general, exist in a region of neutral equilibrium, and could be the main cause of poor convergence in grounding line modelling.
Estudios de usuarios en el diseño de servicios bibliotecarios de apoyo a la investigación: estudio de caso
Authors: González-Solar Llarina
Published: July 2018

El conocimiento sobre los usuarios debe estar en la base de la planificación, diseño y modificación de servicios bibliotecarios nuevos o preexistentes. El nuevo entorno de las bibliotecas universitarias conlleva cambios en múltiples aspectos, incluyendo la creación u reorganización de los servicios a los usuarios investigadores. En este artículo se analiza el interés de la realización de estudios de usuarios en el contexto de la planificación de servicios de apoyo a la investigación en bibliotecas universitarias. Se plantea un modelo para la realización de estudios de usuarios investigadores, ejemplificado en el caso de la Universidade da Coruña, a través de la combinación de técnicas de investigación bibliográfica, entrevistas y encuestas. Se concluye un conjunto de recomendaciones y reflexiones que favorecen la aproximación a esta casuística desde un punto de vista metodológico.
Un recorrido por la historia de las migraciones en El Salvador
Authors: Ramírez de Clará Inés
Published: July 2018

El Museo Universitario de Antropología (MUA), de la Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador (Utec), inauguró en el 2008 la “Sala de las Migraciones”, con lo que busca visualizar, a través de un área permanente, el fenómeno de las migraciones en el país y el mundo. Leonardo Regalado es el museógrafo del MUA y uno de los creadores de la sala. Con breves remembranzas que expresó a revista entorno relata cómo nació esta exposición, cuál es su contenido y qué legado deja para tener presente el tema.Entorno, diciembre 2015, número 60: 10-12
La Semana del migrante en la Utec
Authors: Ramos Elsa
Published: July 2018

La Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador, Utec, tiene ya diez años consecutivos de realizar en su campus la Semana del Migrante, espacio para el análisis y discusión del fenómeno migratorio. En este espacio se han desarrollado múltiples temas desde diversas disciplinas, todos con la intención de buscar la mejor forma de tratar esta problemática. En la Utec se han alcanzado a más de 10 mil oyentes en las conferencias, foros, charlas, conversatorios y demás actividades que se han desarrollado.Entorno, diciembre 2015, número 60: 13-21
Comité de Familiares de Migrantes Fallecidos y Desaparecidos de El Salvador
Authors: López Martínez Luis Alberto
Published: July 2018

El Comité de Familiares de Migrantes Fallecidos y Desaparecidos de El Salvador (Cofamide) nació en el 2006 por iniciativa de madres, padres, hermanos, hermanas, esposos, esposas e hijos de migrantes que iniciaron el camino hacia Estados Unidos y desaparecieron o murieron en el viaje. Los interesados decidieron unir esfuerzos debido a la indiferencia de las autoridades gubernamentales de ese tiempo, que no se preocuparon de velar por el tema de los migrantes desaparecidos y fallecidos del país. (http://cofamide.blogspot.com).Entorno, diciembre 2015, número 60: 37-44
Development and validation of a novel method for simultaneous quantification of enzalutamide, darolutamide and their active metabolites in mice dried blood spots using LC-MS/MS: Application to pharmacokinetic study in mice
Authors: Saini Neeraj Kumar , Sulochana Suresh P , Zainuddin Mohd , Mullangi Ramesh
Published: July 2018

A simple, sensitive and rapid assay method has been developed and validated for the estimation of enzalutamide, N-desmethylenzalutamide (active metabolite of enzalutamide), darolutamide and ORM-15341 (active metabolite of darolutamide) on mice dried blood spots (DBS) using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with electro spray ionization in the positive-ion mode. The method utilizes liquid extraction of enzalutamide, N-desmethylenzalutamide, darolutamide and ORM-15341 from 3 mm punched disks from DBS cards (spiked or study samples). The extracted sample was chromatographed using an isocratic mobile phase (0.2 % formic acid : acetonitrile; 30:70, v/v) on an Atlantis dC18 column. The total run time was 2.5 min. The MS/MS ion transitions monitored were m/z 465 → m/z 209, m/z 451 →  m/z 195, m/z 399 → m/z 178, m/z 397 →  m/z 194 and m/z 481 → m/z 453 for enzalutamide, N-desmethyl­enzalutamide, darolutamide, ORM-15341 and the IS (apalutamide-d3), respectively. Method validation was performed as per regulatory guideline. The assay had a good linearity over the range of 0.93-2000 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-batch accuracy and precision (%RE & RSD) across quality controls met the acceptance criteria for all the analytes. Stability studies showed that all the analytes were stable on DBS cards for one month. This novel method has been applied to analyze the DBS samples of enzalutamide, N-desmethylenzalutamide, darolutamide and ORM-15341 obtained from a pharmacokinetic study in mice.
Erratum to the paper: In vitro membrane binding and protein binding (IAM MB/PB technology) to estimate in vivo distribution: applications in early drug discovery
Authors: Valko Klara Livia , Teague Simon , Pudgeon Charles
Published: July 2018

The authors of the original paper published with the same title: ADMET & DMPK 5(1) (2017) 14-38; doi: 10.5599/admet.5.1.373, apologize for the error in the plot on Figure 5. The erratum gives a correct plot.
The influence of IGF-1 on fetal growth during pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gęca Tomasz , Kwiatek Maciej , Krzyżanowski Arkadiusz , Kwaśniewska Anna
Published: July 2018

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is an important part of IGF system. The structure and function of IGF-1 are similar to that of insulin. Thus, IGF-1 may participate both in the gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pathogenesis and the development of some complications. IGF-1, as one of the most important growth factors “in utero”, may influence the intrauterine growth leading to fetal macrosomia.
The aim of the study was to present the structure and function of IGF-1 in terms of carbohydrate metabolism disturbances and to determine the role of IGF-1 on fetal growth during pregnancy complicated by GDM.
Fetal growth is an extremely complex process and depends on many factors, including IGF-1 concentration.
Some Significant Trends in Textile Bleaching
Authors: Gokarneshan N.
Published: July 2018

The article highlights some recent trends in the bleaching of textile materials. An attempt has been made to compare the effect of electrochemical bleaching with conventional bleaching of cotton. Electric current is used in the preparation of a bleaching agent to replace bleaching powder. The sodium hypochlorite generated from electrolyte cell is sufficient to produce powerful bleaching agent with available chlorine. Electrochemical bleaching with sodium hypochlorite offers numerous advantages like prevention of effluent problem, economy, reliability, cleanliness, and convenience in working. Attempts have been made to use sodium perborate as a bleaching agent with potassium persulphate as an activator at lower temperature in combined pre treatment of cotton fabric. Experimental trials have been designed by using taguchi technique. This bleaching technique promises to be eco-friendly process. In yet another interesting work, effort has been taken to bleach the scoured cotton fabric with sodium perborate as bleaching agent and tetreacetyl ethylenediamine as bleaching activator. The concentrations of these chemicals, temperature and time of the treatment have been varied. The utilization of hydrogen peroxide is much higher as compared with that of conventional bleaching process. Other advantages include less requirement of water and energy, thereby satisfying needs of eco-friendly process, lesser loss in weight, tearing strength, and tensile strength, in comparison with conventional bleaching process without compromising whiteness index.
La Responsabilidad Social Corporativa en las empresas y su relación con los públicos de interés. Los casos de Unilever y Nestlé
Authors: Barrio Estrella , Enrique Ana M.ª
Published: July 2018

The previous decades have seen the boom of the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility by companies and the study of it by the Academy. Some investigations show a growing interest by the companies to report on actions of CSR especially through corporate webs. This investigation, based on the methodology case study, focuses on analysing how Nestlé España and Unilever España inform through their webs the CSR they implement, establishing a comparison between the two, as well as identifying the main stakeholders who the actions of CSR are orientated towards and determining the theme of the actions for each stakeholder identified. In synthesis we can conclude that the primary stakeholders are the customers, the suppliers the employees and society in general. In regard to the subject of the implemented actions of CSR for each stakeholder we know that when actions of CSR orientated towards the clients are reported, they focus on healthy and nutritious products, commenting on the healthy benefits that a balanced diet entails which can be obtained consuming their products. The subject orientated towards the employees focuses on the one hand in matters related to staff working conditions and on the other to equal opportunities. Regarding suppliers the most apparent is the rural development of the regions where the raw materials they use are cultivated. Finally with respect to the society in general they carry out actions focusing on the environment and food aid.
Claves para elegir un modelo de gestión de marcas
Authors: Rangel Celia
Published: July 2018

The aim of this paper is to consider the brand management model as a tool to help companies create and develop their brands, which is what the main brand management consultants, academics, advertising agencies and research companies have developed in a way to help companies carry out this task. We will first study the main characteristics of a generic brand management model and then analyse eight ones, those being the David Aaker model, the Interbrand model, the Young & Rubicam Group model, the Millward Brown model, the McKinsey model, the Riu & Olle model, the John Grant model and the Manuel Martin one. The analysis of the models reviewed justifies their use based on the maturity level of the companies in relation to the management of their brand. Consequently, several company profiles are distinguished in this paper: from experts in brand management, to companies conditioned by financial decisions, as well as others that must manage different types of meanings associated to the brand, and those who begin a brand management process. To sum up, the practical application of this paper is to help companies choose the brand management model that best fits both their profile and maturity level in the management of their brand.
Time series clustering of mRNA and lncRNA expression during osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells
Authors: Zheng Yunfei , Li Xiaobei , Huang Yiping , Jia Lingfei , Li Weiran
Published: July 2018

Background

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulatory molecules that participate in biological processes such as stem cell differentiation. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) exhibit great potential for the regeneration of periodontal tissue and the formation of new bone. However, although several lncRNAs have been found to be involved in the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, the temporal transcriptomic landscapes of mRNAs and lncRNAs need to be mapped to obtain a complete picture of osteoblast differentiation. In this study, we aimed to characterize the time-course expression patterns of lncRNAs during the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs and to identify the lncRNAs that are related to osteoblastic differentiation.

Methods

We cultured PDLSCs in an osteogenic medium for 3, 7, or 14 days. We then used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze the expression of the coding and non-coding transcripts in the PDLSCs during osteogenic differentiation. We also utilized short time-series expression miner (STEM) to describe the temporal patterns of the mRNAs and lncRNAs. We then performed Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses to assess the biological relevance of genes in each profile, and used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to validate the differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs that were associated with osteoblast differentiation. Lastly, we performed a knock down of two lncRNAs, MEG8, and MIR22HG, and evaluated the expression of osteogenic markers.

Results

When PDLSCs were differentiated to osteoblasts, mRNAs associated with bone remodeling, cell differentiation, and cell apoptosis were upregulated while genes associated with cell proliferation were downregulated. lncRNAs showed stage-specific expression, and more than 200 lncRNAs were differentially expressed between the undifferentiated and osteogenically differentiated PDLSCs. Using STEM, we identified 25 temporal gene expression profiles, among which 14 mRNA and eight lncRNA profiles were statistically significant. We found that genes in pattern 12 were associated with osteoblast differentiation. The expression patterns of osteogenic mRNAs (COL6A1, VCAN, RRBP1, and CREB3L1) and lncRNAs (MEG8 and MIR22HG) were consistent between the qRT-PCR and RNA-seq results. Moreover, the knockdown of MEG8 and MIR22HG significantly decreased the expression of osteogenic markers (runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteocalcin).

Discussion

During the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, both mRNAs and lncRNAs showed stage-specific expression. lncRNAs MEG8 and MIR22HG showed a high correlation with osteoblastogenesis. Our results can be used to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular events regulating osteoblast differentiation and the identification of functional lncRNAs in PDLSCs.
Comparative chemical analysis of army ant mandibular gland volatiles (Formicidae: Dorylinae)
Authors: Brückner Adrian , Hoenle Philipp O. , von Beeren Christoph
Published: July 2018

Army ants are keystone species in many tropical ecosystems. Yet, little is known about the chemical compounds involved in army ant communication. In the present study, we analyzed the volatile mandibular gland secretions—triggers of ant alarm responses—of six Neotropical army ant species of the genus Eciton (outgroup: Nomamyrmex esenbeckii). Using solid-phase microextraction, we identified 12 chemical compounds, primarily ketones with associated alcohols, one ester and skatole. Most compounds were shared among species, but their relative composition was significantly different. By comparing chemical distances of mandibular gland secretions to species divergence times, we showed that the secretions’ compositions are not strictly determined by phylogeny. By identifying chemical bouquets of seven army ant species, our study provides a valuable comparative resource for future studies aiming to unveil the chemicals’ precise role in army ant alarm communication.
A Versatile Pt‐Based Core–Shell Nanoplatform as a Nanofactory for Enhanced Tumor Therapy
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Shuang , Zeng Jin‐Yue , Zhang Ming‐Kang , Zeng Xuan , Zhang Xian‐Zheng
Published: July 2018

Hypoxia, one of the representative characteristics in solid tumors, not only reduces the effectiveness of multiple treatments, but also relates to the tumor invasion and metastasis. Here, a hybrid core–shell nanoplatform to produce adequate oxygen, supporting for more effective tumor treatment, is developed. Composed of polydopamine cores, platinum nanoparticle interlayers, and zirconium‐porphyrin (PCN) shells, the hybrid core–shell nanoplatform works like a nanofactory, providing necessary products at different time and space. Platinum nanoparticle interlayers can catalyze the endogenous H2O2 to O2, which plays a dual rule in the enhanced tumor treatment. In the presence of light irradiation, O2 can be converted into the lethal reactive oxygen species by the PCN shell. In the absence of light irradiation, O2 ameliorates the hypoxic microenvironment, thereby reduces the invasion and metastasis of the tumor. Through a synergism of enhanced treatment and reduced metastasis, tumors could be treated more vigorously.
Fast Potassium Storage in Hierarchical Ca0.5Ti2(PO4)3@C Microspheres Enabling High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Zhang Zhongyu , Li Malin , Gao Yu , Wei Zhixuan , Zhang Meina , Wang Chunzhong , Zeng Yi , Zou Bo , Chen Gang , Du Fei
Published: July 2018

Hybrid potassium‐ion capacitors (KICs) show great promise for large‐scale storage on the power grid because of cost advantages, the weaker Lewis acidity of K+ and low redox potential of K+/K. However, a huge challenge remains for designing high‐performance K+ storage materials since K+ ions are heavier and larger than Li+ and Na+. Herein, the synthesis of hierarchical Ca0.5Ti2(PO4)3@C microspheres by use of the electrospraying method is reported. Benefiting from the rich vacancies in the crystal structure and rational nanostructural design, the hybrid Ca0.5Ti2(PO4)3@C electrode delivers a high reversible capacity (239 mA h g−1) and superior rate performance (63 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1). Moreover, the KIC employing a Ca0.5Ti2(PO4)3@C anode and activated carbon cathode, affords a high energy/power density (80 W h kg−1 and 5144 W kg−1) in a potential window of 1.0–4.0 V, as well as a long lifespan of over 4000 cycles. In addition, in situ X‐ray diffraction is used to unravel the structural transition in Ca0.5Ti2(PO4)3, suggesting a two‐phase transition above 0.5 V during the initial discharge and solid solution processes during the subsequent K+ insertion/extraction. The present study demonstrates a low‐cost potassium‐based energy storage device with high energy/power densities and a long lifespan.
Li2S‐ or S‐Based Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Matthew , Chen Zhongwei , Wu Tianpin , Lu Jun
Published: July 2018

While members of the Li–S battery research community are becoming more conscious of the practical testing parameters, the widespread commercialization of S‐based batteries is still far from realization. Particularly, the metallic Li used as the anode poses potential safety and cycle stability concerns. Alternatively, other S‐battery configurations without a Li anode, i.e., lithium‐ion, Li2S, or S batteries, do not suffer from the same safety concerns and can possibly serve as better methods to bring room‐temperature S‐based battery technologies to industry. However, whether Li2S or S will be used as the initiating cathode material remains unclear as each offers their own unique advantages and disadvantages. Here, both S and Li2S as cathodes are briefly discussed and the key benefits of Li2S are highlighted.
Printable MoOx Anode Interlayers for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Kang Qian , Yang Bei , Xu Ye , Xu Bowei , Hou Jianhui
Published: July 2018

Currently, solution‐processed MoOx anode interfacial layers (AILs) can only be fabricated by the spin‐coating method in organic solar cells (OSCs), which severely limits their use in practical productions where large‐area printing techniques are used. Herein, a facile method is demonstrated to prepare highly conductive MoOx (denoted EG:Mo) that can be processed by printing methods such as wire‐bar and blade coatings. The EG:Mo films are prepared by depositing an aqueous solution containing ammonium heptamolybdate (VI) tetrahydrate (NMo) and ethylene glycol (EG) and annealing at 200 °C. UV–vis absorption and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements confirm that Mo (VI) can be reduced to Mo (V) by EG, resulting in the n‐doped EG:Mo. Using the EG:Mo as AILs, an OSC based on a PB3T:IT‐M active layer exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.1%, which is comparable to that of the PEDOT:PSS modified devices. More importantly, EG:Mo AILs can be processed by wire‐bar and blade‐coating methods, and the corresponding devices show PCEs of 11.9% and 11.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the EG:Mo AIL is processed by wire‐bar coating to fabricate a large area device (1.0 cm2), and a PCE of 10.1% is achieved.
Rapid and Repeatable Self‐Healing Superoleophobic Porous Aluminum Surface Using Infiltrated Liquid Healing Agent
Authors: Nakayama Katsutoshi , Koyama Akira , Zhu Chunyu , Aoki Yoshitaka , Habazaki Hiroki
Published: July 2018

This paper reports rapid self‐healing on superoleophobic hierarchically porous aluminum surfaces within 1 h even at room temperature. This self‐healing surface is prepared by infiltration of a liquid fluoroalkylsilane (FAS) coating into the substrate pores. The FAS‐infiltrated dual‐pore superoleophobic surface becomes superoleophilic after oxygen plasma treatment due to the damage done to the organic coating. However, the superoleophobicity is completely recovered by exposure to normal atmosphere at room temperature, and this rapid self‐healing is repeatable. The FAS liquid appears to coat the nanopore walls, rather than filling the nanopores. The high wettability of FAS on surfaces induces the rapid recoating of the plasma‐damaged surface, contributing to the self‐healing of the superoleophobicity.