bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of simulated responses to climate forcings: a flexible statistical framework using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling – Part 2: Numerical experiment
Authors: Lashgari Katarina , Moberg Anders , Brattström Gudrun
Published: December 2022

Abstract. The performance of a new statistical framework, developed for
the evaluation of simulated temperature responses to climate forcings against
temperature reconstructions derived from climate proxy data for the last millennium, is evaluated
in a so-called pseudo-proxy experiment, where the true unobservable temperature is replaced
with output data from a selected simulation with a climate model. Being an extension of the statistical
model used in many detection and attribution (D&A) studies,
the framework under study involves two main types of statistical models, each of which is based
on the concept of latent (unobservable) variables: confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models
and structural equation modelling (SEM) models.
Within the present pseudo-proxy experiment, each statistical model was fitted
to seven continental-scale regional data sets. In addition, their performance for each defined
region was compared to the performance of the corresponding statistical model used in D&A studies. The results of
this experiment indicated that the SEM specification is the most appropriate one for describing
the underlying latent structure of the simulated temperature data in question.
The conclusions of the experiment have been confirmed in a cross-validation study, presuming
the availability of several simulation data sets within each studied region. Since the experiment is
performed only for zero noise level in the pseudo-proxy data, all statistical models, chosen as final
regional models, await further investigation to thoroughly test their performance for realistic levels of
added noise, similar to what is found in real proxy data for past temperature variations.
A Weather Type classification based on the CESM-LE over the Middle Americas
Authors: Cala-Pérez Yoel A. , Ochoa-Moya Carlos A. , Quintanar Arturo I. , Castro Christopher L.
Published: December 2022

Abstract. In this study, two classifications of 20 Weather Types (WTs) were used to identify large-scale and synoptic-scale patterns over the Middle Americas region (MAR) that comprises Mexico, intra-American seas, Central America, and northern South America. The Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) method was used to detect both classifications using standardized Mean Sea-Level Pressure (MSLP) anomalies from the ERA-Interim (ERA-I) reanalysis and the Community Earth System Model-Large Ensemble (CESM-LE) in the historical period and its future projection under an RCP8.5 scenario. The WTs obtained with the CESM-LE in the historical period were assigned to each day of the future projection. Averages of the days belonging to each WT of the historical period were compared between both classifications (ERA-I and CESM-LE) employing seasonal and monthly frequencies of occurrence, correspondence in days of occurrence, Pearson's spatial correlation, and position changes of high-pressure semi-permanent centers such as the North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH) and the North Pacific High (NPH). From precipitation and MSLP, it was observed that WTs obtained with CESM-LE showed a marked seasonality in their temporal distribution, mainly in the wet period (May–October), similar to the ERA-I classification. Three characteristic phenomena of MAR were the North American Monsoon System (NAMS), the Mid-Summer Drought (MSD), and the Caribbean Low-Level Jet (CLLJ). The CESM-LE adequately represented these phenomena in the historical period compared with ERA-I. Regarding the future projection, the CESM-LE ensemble showed that the spatial patterns were very similar in the historical period. However, differences in precipitation between August and September decreased. To assess the effect of internal climate variability of the CESM-LE, we analyzed the spatial average of precipitation in two regions: NAMS and MSD, for the 34 members of the ensemble in the future projection. In the CLLJ region, differences between the historical and the future projection in terms of averages of the zonal-wind component and precipitation were less than 1 %. This analysis showed that the SOM technique detected the signal of climate change on a regional scale without being affected by the internal global variability of the model. Therefore, SOM emerged as a useful tool for the analysis of numerical experiments such as CESM-LE.
Heat wave contribution to 2022’s extreme glacier melt from automated real-time ice ablation readings
Authors: Cremona Aaron , Huss Matthias , Landmann Johannes , Borner Joël , Farinotti Daniel
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Accelerating glacier melt rates were observed during the last decades. Substantial ice loss occurs particularly during heat waves that are expected to intensify in the future. Because measuring and modelling glacier mass balance at the daily scale remains challenging, short-term mass balance variations, including extreme melt events, are poorly captured. Here, we present a novel approach based on computer-vision techniques for automatically determining daily mass balance variations at the local scale. The approach is based on the automated recognition of color-taped ablation stakes from camera images, and is tested and validated at six stations installed on three Alpine glaciers during the summers of 2019–2022. Our approach produces daily mass balance with an uncertainty of ±0.81 cm w.e d−1, which is about half of the accuracy obtained from manual read outs. The automatically retrieved daily mass balances at the six sites were compared to average daily mass balances over the last decade derived from seasonal in situ observations to detect and assess extreme melt events. This allows analyzing the impact that the summer heat waves which occurred in 2022 had on glacier melt. Our results indicate 23 days with extreme melt, showing a strong correspondence between the heat wave periods and extreme melt events. The combination of below-average winter snow fall and a suite of summer heat waves led to unprecedented glacier mass loss. The Swiss-wide glacier storage change during the 25 days of heat waves in 2022 is estimated as 1.27±0.10 km3 of water, corresponding to 35 % of the overall glacier mass loss during that summer. Compared to the average course of the past decade, the 25 days of heat waves in 2022 caused a glacier mass loss that corresponds to 56 % of the overall mass loss experienced on average during summers 2010–2020, demonstrating the relevance of heat waves for seasonal melt.
PEAT FIRE DETECTION TO ESTIMATE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
Authors:   Institute of Forest Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, SIRIN A. A. , MEDVEDEVA M. A. ,   Institute of Forest Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, ITKIN V. YU. ,   Institute of Forest Science, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, MAKAROV D. A. ,   Institute of Forest Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, KOROTKOV V. N. ,   Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology
Published: December 2022

Peat fires differ from other wildfires by significant carbon loss, the emission of greenhouse gases and other combustion products as well as by serious environmental consequences. Not only biomass but also peat is burnt. A possibility of detecting peat fires from satellite and ground-based data is considered for the fires in the Moscow region in 2010. The peat fire detection technique was tested by superimposing data on thermal anomalies from Terra/Aqua MODIS satellite data on the peatland contours, as well as by analyzing the vegetation cover changes before fires and the next year using the Landsat satellite multispectral data. Threshold values were found for the fire duration, maximum temperature, and maximum fire radiative power that characterize peat fires and can be used to discriminate between fires on peat lands and peat fires themselves for taking into account emissions not only from biomass burning but also from soil carbon loss.
GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND MODERN CLIMATE
Authors:   Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, SEMENOV S. M. ,   Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2022

The concept of the greenhouse effect for the state of radiative equilibrium of the atmosphere-Earth’s surface system is discussed. The similarities and differences of modern long-term trends and intra-annual (inter-monthly) fluctuations in the concentration of CO2, CH4, N2O in the atmosphere are analyzed. The method of calculating the anthropogenic enhancement of the greenhouse effect using a one-dimensional horizontally homogeneous radiative model using modern spectroscopic data is discussed. Differences in the estimates of the greenhouse efficiency of CO2, CH4, N2O obtained using the radiative model are shown. The study explains the common mistake concerning the role of the anthropogenic enhancement of the greenhouse effect in modern climate change (it is sometimes arises from the simultaneous analysis of observational data on greenhouse gas concentrations and temperature in the near-surface layer).
To Be Led Astray?
Authors: Schmidt Ariadne , Van Oosten Roos , Theerens Astrid
Published: December 2022

The Dutch Drankwet (hereinafter: Liquor Act) of 1881, the result of decades of temperance activism, was met with much criticism — little had come of the national legislation’s aim to reduce the consumption of alcohol. Even so, did this also mean that little changed in the sale of alcohol? This article examines how the Liquor Act was implemented locally in Leiden and what impact this had on the sale of alcohol there. To this end, both city council minutes and patent registers are analyzed. Patent registers served as compulsory patent taxes and as licenses for liquor stores and drinking establishments. They provide valuable insight into the variation within the sector for alcohol sales in Leiden throughout the nineteenth century. Our examination shows that, contrary to the criticism of the law, the Liquor Act had both short- and long-term effects on Leiden’s pubscape. It led to a limited decrease in the number of public houses and primarily affected the smallest public houses, often owned by women.
Qualidade de vida de pacientes portadores de doenças respiratórias que cursam com limitação crônica do fluxo de ar em um centro de atenção especializada em Cascavel/PR
Authors: Badalotti Eduarda Basso , Oliveira Hugo Razini , Oliveira Pietra Baggio Peixoto de , Arantes Stella Cristine Ritter
Published: December 2022

Objetivo: a qualidade de vida é um fator a ser considerado no processo de avaliação integral da saúde. As doenças pulmonares que cursam com limitação crônica do fluxo de ar podem afetar, de alguma maneira, a qualidade de vida de seus portadores. O objetivo do estudo é avaliar esse impacto, que é fundamental para que a equipe profissional tome decisões no planejamento dos cuidados e intervenções. Metodologia: para a execução deste estudo, foram entregues e coletados, no Centro de Atenção Especializada de Cascavel/PR, questionários validados com o objetivo de qualificar os impactos que as doenças pulmonares obstrutivas crônicas trazem na qualidade de vida das pacientes previamente diagnosticados com Asma e/ou Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica. Resultados: as doenças pulmonares afetaram a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos participantes da pesquisa. Concluímos que o que mais colaborou para esses efeitos negativos foram o cansaço e a má qualidade de sono, assim como, eles julgam não aproveitarem a vida de maneira plena por conta da doença pulmonar. Conclusão: as doenças pulmonares de fato atrapalham o bem-estar dos pacientes portadores de Asma, Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica e Síndrome de Sobreposição entre Asma e Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica. Acarretando, assim, possíveis efeitos negativos psicológicos e um mal desempenho em suas atividades diárias.
Perfil epidemiológico da leishmaniose visceral em uma macrorregião do Maranhão utilizando dados do sistema de informações de saúde DATASUS
Authors: Sousa Patricia Santana de
Published: December 2022

A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma doença zoonótica que causa um conjunto de síndromes clínicas em humanos e animais que podem comprometer a pele, as mucosas e as vísceras. Antes restrita às áreas rurais do nordeste brasileiro, a LV avançou para outras regiões indenes alcançando inclusive a periferia de grandes centros urbanos. Nos casos humanos, o diagnóstico é rotineiramente realizado com base em parâmetros clínicos e epidemiológicos, associados aos métodos parasitológicos, sorológicos e imunológicos. O Maranhão é considerado um estado endêmico, segundo a Secretaria de Estado da Saúde (SES), em mais de 80% dos municípios há transmissão da leishmaniose, nos últimos anos a periodicidade das atividades de controle e prevenção da doença foi mínima, o que instigou a realização desta pesquisa. Diante do explanado este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar os dados retrospectivos no período compreendido entre 2012 a 2021, de modo a analisar a ocorrência de Leishmaniose Visceral Humana no centro maranhense, estado do Maranhão/Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico transversal, retrospectivo e descritivo, referente aos casos notificados e diagnosticados de Leishmaniose Visceral em uma macrorregião do Maranhão no ano de 2012 a 2021 utilizando base de dados DATASUS. As análises foram feitas correlacionando as idades, internações e óbitos. A partir desse mapeamento da doença na região é possível ter um direcionamento adequado de quais ações podem ocorrer para que haja uma prevenção e recuperação da saúde nos municípios.
Influência das relações sociais e midiáticas na formação dos hábitos alimentares do pré-escolar
Authors: Michetti Ana Karollina Correia , Silva Maria Carolina Silveira da , Salomon Ana Lúcia Ribeiro
Published: December 2022

No contexto atual é comum observar crianças consumindo alimentos de forma excessiva e descontrolada, com baixo valor nutritivo e alto teor calórico, ricos em gorduras, sódio e açúcares. Esse consumo exacerbado reflete a forte influência do comportamento alimentar de seus cuidadores, professores e colegas de classe, assim como a influência da mídia. Sendo assim, analisa-se que os hábitos alimentares inadequados podem colaborar para o aumento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em indivíduos cada vez mais jovens, como destaque, a obesidade tem apresentado um crescimento considerável. O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal, avaliar a influência das relações sociais e midiáticas na formação dos hábitos alimentares de pré-escolares. Foi realizada, uma revisão crítica da literatura dos últimos 10 anos, com exceção de uma literatura de 2007, totalizando 20 artigos científicos. Concluiu-se que o ambiente familiar e escolar exerce papel de grande importância na formação dos hábitos alimentares do pré-escolar, uma vez que os mesmos são espelhos para as crianças. Por fim, observa-se que a mídia possui grande influência sobre o consumo de alimentos processados e ultraprocessados.
Identification of organic material in Los Buitres 1 rock art shelter, Badajoz, Spain.
Authors: Garcês Sara , Collado Hipólito , Rosina Pierluigi , Gomes Hugo , Nash George , Nicoli Maria , Vaccaro Carmela
Published: December 2022

El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido caracterizar la naturaleza química y mineralógica del pigmento empleado en los motivos esquemáticos prehistóricos de la cueva de Los Buitres 1 (Capilla, Badajoz), y tratar de identificar la presencia de materia orgánica en su composición. Para ello se han realizado análisis de espectroscopia Micro-Raman y ATR-FTIR sobre cuatro muestras de pigmento, tres de pigmento rojo y una más también roja, aunque de tonalidad más oscura. Se aplicó la espectroscopia Micro-Raman para determinar la composición mineralógica de las muestras seleccionadas, mientras que el ATR-FTIR se aplicó para determinar la presencia de materia orgánica presente en cada una de ellas. Destacar que las muestras 1 y 2 son casi idénticas y registraron la presencia de montmorillonite. Por su parte, los análisis por ATR-FTIR señalaron la presencia de componentes orgánicos en la muestra 3, mientras que la muestra 4 se caracterizó como ocre oscuro quemado. La comparación con los pigmentos empleados en el arte rupestre esquemático de un abrigo cercano, en donde han sido identificados los mismos componentes orgánicos en similares tipologías figurativas, invita a considerar la posibilidad de que nos encontremos con una suerte de “receta” para preparar el pigmento que debió estar en uso en este territorio durante un periodo cronológico concreto.
Agaricus brasiliensis (Sun mushroom): antioxidant capacity and HMG-CoA reductase inhibition potential of dried powder formulations in vitro and hepatic alterations in hypercholesterolemic rats
Authors:   Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sã Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, de Miranda Aline Mayrink
Published: December 2022

This study investigues the chemical composition of the mushroom Agaricus brasiliens is prepared in different commercially available forms: dehydrated whole mushrooms, mushroom powder, and capsules. The most active form was subsequently examined in vivo to investigate its possible
Penggunaan Snowball Throwing Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berbicara Siswa Pada Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Susukan
Authors: Witarja Wawan
Published: December 2022

Melatih keterampilan bericara dalam Bahasa Inggris juga dapat membuka peluang bagi siswa untuk bisa berbaur dengan masyarakat secara meluas, memberikan keuntungan saat melamar pekerjaan. Hal ini memberikan peluan kepada siswa dalam mengembangkan kemampuannya dan ikut berkontribusi sebagai masyarakat dunia. Dalam menghadapi hal tersebut, guru dihadapkan pada dua masalah yang serius. Guru Bahasa harus bisa menyelesaikan target yang ditetapkan kurikulum yang harus dicapai dalam jangka waktu yang sudah ditentukan. Di lain sisi, jumlah waktu yang disediakan untuk praktik keterampilan berbicara dengan dampingan guru ini sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan dalam berbicarapada pelajaran Bahasa Inggris, mengembangkan metode pembelajaran, dan membantu siswa agar aktif dalam pembelajaran dengan menerapkan metode snowball throwing di kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Susukan, Kabupaten Cirebon. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan dalam dua siklus, dengan siklus I dan siklus II sama-sama menggunakan langkah-langkah persiapan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Sebelum menerapkan metode snowball throwing pada siklus I dan II, sebelumnya telah dilaksanakan pembelajaran dengan metode yang biasa dilakukan untuk menjadi acuan dalam penerapan metode penelitian tindakan kelas ini. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa sebelum di gunakannya metode snow ball throwing pada pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara, nilai rata-rata siswa kelas X IPA 2 SMA Negeri 1 Susukan sebesar 60,58 dengan persentase ketuntasan hanya 11,76% dari total 34 siswa di kelas tersebut. Namun, setelah dilakukan tindakan Siklus I nilai rata-rata meningkat menjadi 74,70 dengan persentase ketuntasan 47%. Pada Siklus I peningkatan masih belum signifikan, akhirnya dilakukan tindakan Siklus II dengan kembali mengalami kenikan pada nilai rata-rata menjadi 83 dengan persentase ketuntasan sebesar 91%.
Peningkatan Kompetensi Pedagogik Dalam Menyusun RPP Melalui Supervisi Akademik Pada Guru Sman 1 Suranenggala Kabupaten Cirebon
Authors: Mulyono Mulyono
Published: December 2022

Tujuan penelitian tindakan sekolah ini adalah untuk meningkatkan Kompetensi Guru dalam Menyusun Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran melalui Supervisi akademik pada Guru SMAN 1 Suranenggala Kabupaten Cirebon, dalam menyusun rencana pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan standar kompetensi masing-masing pelajaran agar dapat menjadi acuan dalam proses pembelajaran sehingga peserta didik mampu mencapai kriteria ketuntasan minimal. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan (action Research) yang terdiri dari 2 (dua) siklus, dan setiap siklus terdiri dari: Perencanaan, Pelaksanaan, Pengamatan, dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Pada komponen Perumusan indikator tujuan pembelajaran, terlihat peningkatan dari 59,5% pada Kompetensi awal, menjadi 72% pada siklus I dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 84,25%; (2) Pada Komponen Penentuan bahan dan materi pembelajaran, terdapat peningkatan Kompetensi dari 58,5% menjadi 73,5% setelah siklus I dan pada siklus II lebih menguat menjadi 83,25%; (3) Dalam Komponen Pemilihan Strategi dan metoda pembelajaran, yang didalamnya memuat langkah-langkah pembelajaran dan penentuan alokasi waktu yang digunakan,terlihat adanya peningkatan yang signifikan dari yang semula hanya 57,5% menjadi 70,5% pada siklus I dan meningkat lagi menjadi 83% setelah siklus II; (4) Meskipun tidak terlihat adanya peningkatan yang cukup tajam, dalam komponen pemilihan Media dan alat pembelajaran juga terdapat adanya peningkatan dari 56,5% pada awal kegiatan dan 70,75% setelah siklus I, menjadi 81,5% setelah siklus II; (5) tingkatan yang cukup signifikan juga dapat kita lihat pada komponen perencanaan evaluasi pembelajaran. Dari yang semula hanya 57,5% pada awal kegiatan, menjadi 72,5% pada akhir siklus I dan berhasil mencapai 82,75% pada akhir siklus 2; dan (6) Melihat data perolehan hasil penelitian dalam kegiatan penelitian tindakan sekolah ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa supervisi akademik dapat meningkatkan Kompetensi Guru dalam Menyusun Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran pada Guru SMAN 1 Suranenggala Kabupaten Cirebon.
Ocular lesions revealing toxic epidermal necrosis in a female patient
Authors:   Ophtalmology B Department, Hospital of Specialties, Rabat, Morocco., Hnich Hajar , Tazi Habiba ,   Ophtalmology B Department, Hospital of Specialties, Rabat, Morocco., Serghini Louai ,   Ophtalmology B Department, Hospital of Specialties, Rabat, Morocco., Abdella Elhassan ,   Ophtalmology B Department, Hospital of Specialties, Rabat, Morocco., Boulanouar Abdelkarim ,   Ophtalmology B Department, Hospital of Specialties, Rabat, Morocco., Haman Amina Berraho ,   Ophtalmology B Department, Hospital of Specialties, Rabat, Morocco.
Published: December 2022

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare but serious dermatological emergency characterized by diffuse exfoliation of the skin and mucous membranes [1], the epidermal loss is due to massive keratinocyte apoptosis and/or necroptosis. TEN is often caused by a drug mediating a specific TCR‐HLA interaction via the (pro)hapten, Frequently, the eyes and mucous membranes are affected [2]. We report a case of a successfully recovered TEN due to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in a 60 years old female patient.
Spontaneaous dislocation of the crystalline lens in the anterior chamber in a patient with pseudoexfoliation syndrome
Authors:   Ophtalmology B Department, Hospital of Specialties, Rabat, Morocco., Hnich Hajar , Tazi Habiba ,   Ophtalmology B Department, Hospital of Specialties, Rabat, Morocco., Serghini Louai ,   Ophtalmology B Department, Hospital of Specialties, Rabat, Morocco., Abdella Elhassan ,   Ophtalmology B Department, Hospital of Specialties, Rabat, Morocco., Boulanouar Abdelkarim ,   Ophtalmology B Department, Hospital of Specialties, Rabat, Morocco., Haman Amina Berraho ,   Ophtalmology B Department, Hospital of Specialties, Rabat, Morocco.
Published: December 2022

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is a systemic disorder of the extracellular matrix that presents primarily via its characteristic ocular manifestations [1]. Typically, white fibrillary residue on the anterior lens capsule and pupillary margin is observed, as are pupillary transillumination defects and pigmentation of the trabecular meshwork [2]. Zonular weakness can be attributed to the deposition of pseudoexfoliative material on the zonular fibers and ciliary processes, resulting in a proteolytic disintegration of the zonule that can lead to spontaneous fragmentation [2]. We report a case of a dislocation of the hole crystalline lens in the anterior chamber in a patient with pseudoexfoliation syndrome.
The economic triangulation Beijing-Yerevan-New Delhi: Cooperation or competition?
Authors:   University of Perugia, Italy, Orazio Maria Gnerre
Published: December 2022

Since it is no longer part of the Soviet Union, Armenia has found itself in the position of being able to choose its partners independently. This was largely determined by proximity relations, by historical ones with Russia, and by the places where the emigration of Armenia’s own people took place. Beyond that, it is placed in conditions of choice between cooperation with some actors rather than others. In this sense, Armenia has started dialogue and trade relations with two Asian giants, China and India. The article proposes to recap the relations between these countries, paying attention to the factors that could allow a triangular cooperation rather than a competition.
Traveling history of the Armenian four gospels dated to 1686 (NCM RAR 82)
Authors:   Korneli Kekelidze Georgian National Centre of Manuscripts, Gaprindashvili Khatuna
Published: December 2022

The colophons of the old manuscripts, in general, convey important information about various persons, noble families, churches, monasteries, historical facts or contemporary political situations. In addition, the colophons often allow us to trace the history of creation, composition, purpose, preservation and sometimes to follow the journey of the manuscripts. One of such books is the Old Printed Armenian Four Gospels (RAR 82) preserved in the Rare Books Room at K. Kekelidze Georgian National Centre of Manuscripts.
Visco-elasticity of Foam Films
Authors: Cantat Isabelle
Published: December 2022

Liquid foam exhibits surprisingly high viscosity, higher than each of its phases. This dissipation enhancement has been rationalized by invoking either a geometrical confinement of the shear in the liquid phase, or the influence of the interface viscosity. However, a precise localization of the dissipation, and its mechanism at the bubble scale, is still lacking. To this aim, we simultaneously monitored the evolution of the local flow velocity, film thickness and surface tension of a five films assembly, induced by different controlled deformations. These measurements allow us to build local constitutive relations for this foam elementary brick. We first show that, for our millimetric foam films, the main part of the film has a purely elastic, reversible behavior, thus ruling out the interface viscosity to explain the observed dissipation. We then highlight a generic frustration at the menisci, controlling the interface transfer between neighbor films and resulting in the localization of a bulk shear flow close to the menisci. A model accounting for surfactant transport in these small sheared regions is developed. It is in good agreement with the experiment, and demonstrate that most of the dissipation is localized in these domains. The length of these sheared regions, determined by the physico-chemical properties of the solution, sets a transition between a large bubble regime in which the films are mainly stretched and compressed, and a small bubble regime in which they are sheared. Finally, we discuss the parameter range where a model of foam viscosity could be built on the basis of these local results.
Engines of life: self-pumping, bio-inspired fluids
Authors: Doostmohammadi Amin
Published: December 2022

Sperms, bacteria, and tissues, all work as engines of life converting chemical energy into motion. These systems are known as active materials and are capable of self-pumping with prominent role in biological processes, from organ formation to tumor progression. A generic property of active fluids is the spontaneous emergence of collective flows, which often leads to chaotic flow patterns characterized by swirls, jets, and topological disclinations in their orientation field. I will first discuss examples of these collective flows helping us understand biological processes. I will then discuss various strategies to tame, otherwise chaotic, active flows, showing how hydrodynamic screening of active flows can act as a robust way of controlling and guiding active particles into dynamically ordered coherent structures. I will also explain how combining hydrodynamics with topological constraints can lead to further control of exotic morphologies of active shells.
The physics of road and track cycling
Authors: Clanet Christophe
Published: December 2022

Even if the first bicycle was invented in Germany in 1817 by Karl von Drais, the Physics of cycling probably started in 1869 with the work of the Scottish mechanical engineer W.J.M. Rankine entitled On the dynamical principles of the motion of velocipedes. Among the questions which have been addressed in the subject, stability is probably the most debated. First addressed in 1890 by J. Boussinesq (Aperçu sur la théorie de la bicyclette) and F. Klein and A. Sommerfeld (Stabilitat des Fahrrads) research continued with tens of contributions up to 2011 (see Historical Review of Thoughts on Bicycle Self-Stability by Meijaard, Papadopoulos, Ruina and Schwab). The questions discussed during this webinar seminar won't however be connected to stability but related to races: For road cycling we will wonder why three jerseys? Tour de France, Giro d’Italia and the Vuelta in Spain are the three Grand Tours of professional road cycling. Three weeks long with daily stages, these three races all use three jerseys to distinguish the leader, the best sprinter and the best climber. We will first discuss the physics of road cycling and show that these three jerseys are respectively associated with three different dynamical regimes. We will then propose a phase diagram for road cycling which enables the discussion of the different physiological characteristics observed in the peloton. For track cycling we will wonder why Team Great Britain is so strong? Analysing the Individual pursuit of Graham Obree World Title in 1993 will be our starting point. We will then move to the qualifying 200m of Jason Kenny and finish with team pursuit. The main point will be to discuss why and how the fixed gear condition of track cycling changes the law of races.
Bringing fluid dynamics to life in the ocean
Authors: Levy Marina
Published: December 2022

No flow, no life. Without movement in the fluid, there would barely be any life in the ocean. Fluid movements allow the continuous supply of nutrients essential to photosynthesis in the sunlit layer of the ocean. This sustains microscopic phytoplankton, an immense biodiversity, and the entire marine food web. In this talk, I will draw attention to a specific class of movements associated with sharp, surface intensified density fronts. I will show that they are disproportionally important to marine life and yet not well accounted for in current anthropogenic climate change projections based on Earth System Models.
Pilot-wave hydrodynamics, hydrodynamic quantum analogs, and hydrodynamic quantum field theory
Authors: Bush John W. M.
Published: December 2022

In 2005, Yves Couder and Emmanuel Fort discovered that droplets walking on a vibrating fluid bath exhibit several features previously thought to be exclusive to the microscopic, quantum realm. These walking droplets propel themselves by virtue of a resonant interaction with their own wave field, and so represent the first macroscopic realization of a pilot-wave system of the form proposed for microscopic quantum dynamics by Louis de Broglie in the 1920s. New experimental and theoretical results allow us to rationalize the emergence of quantum-like behavior in this hydrodynamic pilot-wave system in a number of settings, and explore its potential and limitations as a quantum analog. A new, trajectory-based description of quantumdynamics, informed by the hydrodynamic system, is proposed and explored.
Fingers, fractals, and flow in liquid metals
Authors: Daniels Karen
Published: December 2022

A droplet of pure water placed on a clean glass surface will spread axisymmetrically, and a droplet of mercury will bead up into a spherical droplet. In both cases, the droplet is minimizing its surface energy – creating an object with a minimized surface area – and there is nothing to break the symmetry. Remarkably, droplets of the room-temperature liquid gallium-indium (EGaIn), which like all metals have an enormous surface tension, can nonetheless undergo fingering instabilities in the presence of an oxidizing voltage. I will describe how this oxide acts like a reversible surfactant, generating fingering instabilities, tip-splitting, and even fractals, through Marangoni instabilities. Remarkably, we find that EGaIn droplets placed in an electrolyte under an applied voltage can achieve near-zero surface tension. This effect can in turn be used to suppress the Rayleigh-Plateau instability in falling streams. Quantitative control of these effects provides a new route for the development of reconfigurable electronic, electromagnetic, and optical devices that take advantage of the metallic properties of liquid metals.
Economic analysis of law
Authors: Hussein Ali
Published: December 2022

The economic analysis of law has become of the common concepts in field of social studies in Western world; we rarely find a study of legal problems did not address the data and results of the school of law and economics. This importance stems from the close relationship between law and the economy in general, which is as old as the existence of social relations between individuals. However, the new is the use of economics methods in analyzing legal issues by adopting precise methodological processes to study the content of legal rules, the results of their application, their impact on the behavior of individuals, and there contribution to development of law.
Manejo das cigarrinhas-das-pastagens com fungos entomopatogênicos
Authors: Lovatto Maike , Prado Ribeiro Leandro
Published: December 2022

Resumo – O fungo entomopatogênico Metarhizium anisopliae constitui uma alternativa promissora para o manejo das cigarrinhas-das-pastagens. Formulações comerciais à base desse fungo encontram-se disponíveis no Brasil. Diante desse potencial, neste informativo são apresentados e discutidos alguns aspectos importantes para a aplicabilidade do controle microbiano no manejo desse complexo de espécies-praga em pastagens.
Estádio de maturação para colheita de maçãs ‘SCS426 Venice’
Authors: Betinelli Karyne Souza , De Martin Mariuccia Schlichting , Argenta Luiz Carlos , Amarante Cassandro Vidal Talamine do , Denardi Frederico
Published: December 2022

Resumo – Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar índices de maturação para o ponto ideal de colheita de maçãs ‘SCS426 Venice’ destinadas à comercialização imediata ou ao armazenamento. Os frutos foram colhidos semanalmente, em Fraiburgo, SC, no período de 144 a 172 dias após a plena floração (DAPF); avaliados um dia após a colheita, após armazenagem por 240 dias sob atmosfera do ar (AA) a 0,5°C e 265 dias sob atmosfera controlada (AC) a 0,7°C. Índices de maturação para maçãs ‘SCS426 Venice’ destinadas à comercialização imediata variam de 15,3 a 16,5 lb para firmeza de polpa, 12,9% a 13,4% para teor de sólidos solúveis (SS), 0,291% a 0,338% para acidez titulável (AT), 8,2 a 9,0 para índice de amido (escala 1 a 9) e 3,7 a 4,3 para índice de cor de fundo (escala 1 a 5). Índices de maturação para maçãs ‘SCS426 Venice’ destinadas à armazenagem (AA e AC) variam de 17,2 a 18,0 lb para firmeza de polpa, 11,8% a 12,5% para teor de SS, 0,350% a 0,356% para AT, 3,0 a 5,5 para índice de amido e 2,1 a 3,1 para índice de cor de fundo.
Variações na produtividade e matéria seca de raízes de mandioca em função da época de colheita
Authors: Pola Augusto Carlos , Moreto Alexsander Luís , Nunes Eduardo da Costa , Peruch Luiz Augusto Martins , Neubert Enilto de Oliveira
Published: December 2022

As indústrias processadoras de mandioca do Litoral Sul de Santa Catarina operam durante cerca de quatro meses ao ano. Objetivou-se com este trabalho identificar variedades que possibilitem ampliar o período de colheita e, consequentemente, viabilizar o aumento do período de processamento industrial. Foram avaliadas seis variedades em 17 meses consecutivos de colheita quanto à produtividade e teor de matéria seca das raízes. Foi observado um aumento médio de 29% na produção de raízes e uma diminuição no teor de matéria seca de 6,28% entre o primeiro ciclo vegetativo (julho) e o segundo (abril). Estas variações foram influenciadas pela ocorrência de podridões de raízes, estiagens e temperaturas elevadas. Os resultados indicam que é possível aumentar o período de operação das indústrias com a utilização de cultivares com teores de matéria seca mais elevados, como o SCS253 Sangão e o SCS254 Sambaqui.
Women Tackling Malnutrition Through Alternative Farming: A Case of "Tule Vyema" Community-Based Organization in Kiserian
Authors: Kathenya Lenity K.
Published: December 2022

Urban areas worldwide have experienced a surge in population growth in recent times. The rapid increase in the urban population brings about many challenges to food security. With the increase in urban poverty, there is a renewed interest in looking at alternative strategies for improving urban livelihoods. Urban food insecurity is an emerging challenge exacerbated by climate change, low income, and limited access to land. In many developing countries, the growing urbanization brings about poverty, food insecurity, malnutrition, and other challenges. Many children in Kenya are severely malnourished and risk dying from drought-related hunger (Quintana, D. and H. Wenban-Smith, (2020). Pregnant and nursing mothers across Kenya may suffer from malnutrition thus adversely affecting their children’s health. Alternative farming in urban areas represents an avenue for increasing food supply, bettering health conditions and providing a source of income. This paper explored the use of alternative farming to address malnutrition. The study adopted a cross-sectional design and utilized qualitative data collection methods and analysis. The target population comprised women who are beneficiaries of the CBO. Purposive sampling was used to select 15 women who were interviewed. Data were analyzed by thematic analysis. The findings demonstrated improved diet intake, food security, knowledge in nutrition, reduced household malnutrition, improved health in adults and children, and economically empowered women.
Տոհմիկ զինագործ Չիֆթալարյանների զինագործական գործիքների համալիրը(ըստ ՀԱԹ-ի «Ազգագրություն և կենցաղ-2» հավաքածուի)
Authors: Այվազյան Էմմա
Published: December 2022

The collection of the dynastic gunsmiths Chiftalaryans, kept in the Armenian Ethnographic Museum, includes about 2200 museum items: tools for making gun barrels, presses, stamps, bullet moulds, hammers, etc., as well as pistol, rifle barrels and other details of firearm. The collection was formed mainly due to the scientific expeditions to Javakhk in 1978 and 1987. Although intermittently, the collection was constantly replenished. The latest achievement of the museum is the collection of donations from historian Hayk Demoyan. The collection could be divided into two parts: working tools and items made by the Chiftalarians and those of manufactured in Europian and Russian cities.
Salgının (Covid-19) Sosyal Etkileri: Dinî Düşünce ve Hayata Yansımaları (Afyonkarahisar Örneği)
Authors: DUMAN Hayati , ERTEN Hayri
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışma, içinde bulunduğumuz 21. yüzyılda küresel dünyada insanlığın şahit olduğu en büyük salgın afetlerden olan Covid-19'un, toplumların ve bireylerin dini düşünce ve yaşantıya etkilerini Afyonkarahisar örneğinde ele almaktadır. Çalışma salgınla birlikte ortaya çıkan olay, olgu ve sorunların toplumların ve bireylerin dini düşünce ve yaşantısına olan etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırma, salgın süreci ve sonrasında bireysel veya sosyal açıdan ortaya çıkan davranış ve düşünce değişiklerini ele almaktadır. Yani araştırmada salgının sosyal ve duygusal etkilerine odaklanılmıştır. Giriş ve sonuç kısmı dışında iki bölümden oluşan araştırmanın birinci bölümünde, tarihi süreç içerisinde salgınlar ve özellikle Covid-19 salgınının ortaya çıkışı ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca salgının Türkiye'deki seyri, toplumsal hayata etkileri ve alınan önlemler üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu bölümde daha çok güncel veriler ve değişkenler üzerinde konu genişletilmiştir. Çalışmanın son bölümünde ise salgının dini ve sosyal boyutu 32 katılımcı ile yapılan derinlemesine mülakatlar sonucunda ulaşılan bulgular çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Bu bölümde daha çok dini göstergeler üzerinden hareket edilmiştir.
Taking Care of History: Toward a Politics of Provenance Linked Open Data in Museums
Authors: Rother Lynn , Koss Max , Mariani Fabio
Published: December 2022

An account of the limitations of museums’ current approaches to presenting provenance data digitally and of the advantages offered by adopting a linked open data (LOD) approach.
Estudo da capacidade de remoção de 2-MIB e geosmina por membranas de nanofiltração pré-tratadas em água e solução aquosa de etanol 50% (v/v)
Authors: Sato Charyane Satie , Schmoeller Mariana Perazzoli , De Almeida Coral Lucila Adriani , Bassetti Fátima de Jesus
Published: December 2022

Membranas de nanofiltração apresentam elevada eficácia na remoção de compostos de baixa massa molar, o que inclui os metabólitos secundários 2-metilisoborneol (2-MIB) e 1,10-dimetil trans-9-decalol (Geosmina), produzidos por cianobactérias e de difícil remoção por processos convencionais de tratamento. Considerando-se que elevada retenção e fluxo permeado são características importantes no processo, este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência da membrana NF90 pré-tratada com água e solução de etanol 50% (v/v) na retenção de 2-MIB e Geosmina, considerando-se a aplicação de baixas pressões constantes de trabalho 4, 7 e 10 bar, avaliando-se a sua permeabilidade à água e capacidade de retenção dos metabólitos. A retenção foi avaliada com a concentração de 100 ng L-1 de 2-MIB e Geosmina por 120 minutos de tempo de filtração. A ocorrência de fouling foi igualmente avaliada constatando-se não haver incrustação. Nas três pressões empregadas, membranas pré-tratadas em solução de etanol 50% (v/v) apresentaram um fluxo permeado superior (91,4 L m-2 h-1 a 225,4 L m-2 h-1) ao observado para membranas tratadas em água (34,08 L m-2 h-1 a 59,14 L m-2 h-1). Quanto à retenção, não foram observadas diferenças expressivas entre as membranas, tendo-se obtido remoções de 93 e 99% para membranas pré-tratadas em solução de etanol 50% (v/v) e água, respectivamente. Pode-se observar que o pré-tratamento conservou a eficiência na retenção de compostos e propiciou a melhoria das características físicas e químicas da membrana, permitindo a obtenção de fluxos permeados maiores do que o observado com a membrana pré-tratada em água.
Passive air sampler-derived concentrations and carcinogenic potential of PAHs in oil/gas production city (Macaé, Brazil)
Authors: Euzebio Camilla Szerman , Ornellas Meire Rodrigo , Da Silveira Rangel Giovanna , Azeredo Antônio , De Souza Guida Yago , Davée Guimarães Jean Remy , Corrêa Marques Rejane
Published: December 2022

Urban centers cause atmospheric pollution and suffer the most from their emissions. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent toxic substances (PTS) that can be air transported at urban sites and impact human health, causing skin allergies, respiratory diseases, and cancer. Macaé is a southeastern Brazilian coastal city that had an intense process of urbanization and population growth due to the installation of oil companies in the 1970s. The study aimed to evaluate Macaé’s air quality regarding atmospheric PAH occurrence, measured using polyurethane foam passive air samplers (PUF-PAS). PUF disks were deployed along environmental gradients during the 2018–2019 spring/summer in Macaé city and its surroundings. In total, 22 individual PAHs were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Total PAH air concentrations ranged from 0.3 to 3.3 ng.m-3, pointing out three- to four-membered ring compounds as the most abundant (76%). Among them, phenanthrene, anthracene, and fluoranthene had the highest air concentrations, especially at sampling sites where fossil fuel combustion seemed more prominent. Compared to other cities worldwide, the lower PAH air levels reported in this study may be linked to the influence of marine air masses. As the most carcinogenic PAH compound is benzo[a]pyrene, the results are also given in benzo[a]pyrene-equivalent (BaPeq). BaPeq ranged from 0.02 to 0.10 ng.m-3. This study indicated an environmental trend along urban-industry-background spatial transects. Even though a prominent marine air mass might contribute to efficient air pollution dispersion, in urban/industrial areas, human exposure to carcinogenic chemicals is higher, probably due to local PAH sources inside the urban perimeter of Macaé.
Technical Report: Wandering elephants
Authors:   United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), Eberle Caitlyn , Higuera Roa Oscar ,   United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), Newsom Amy ,   United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), Polwatta Samara ,   United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS)
Published: December 2022

From March 2020 to September 2021, a herd of approximately 15 Asian elephants left their home in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve. Along their journey, the herd broke into homes, damaged buildings and infrastructure, and destroyed crops, totaling estimated damage of over $1 million. The migration coincided with a severe drought in the region, indicating that the elephant’s habitat was likely unable to support them. As elephant populations have grown in southern China, habitat size and suitability has been reduced, increasing the likelihood of human-elephant conflict. As pressures such as climate change and population growth further push people and wildlife into shared spaces, management approaches must be tailored to the concept of coexistence. This technical background report for the 2021/2022 edition of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses the root causes, drivers, impacts and potential solutions for the wandering elephants through a forensic analysis of academic literature, media articles and expert interviews.
Technical Report: Mediterranean wildfires
Authors:   United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), Eberle Caitlyn , Higuera Roa Oscar
Published: December 2022

In summer 2021, drought and low humidity combined with record-breaking heat of up to 48.8°C (119.8°F) led to fire outbreaks across the Mediterranean countries, killing more than 100 people and burning more than 620,000 ha of land in July and August. As forests are often fiercely protected areas, the common approach to wildfire management in the Mediterranean is to extinguish every fire as it appears, but counterintuitively this supports the formation of “mega-fires” that burn beyond our capacity to control. Fires are not yet seen as integral to ecosystem functioning, and the management of fires and fires are often disconnected. This technical background report for the 2021/2022 edition of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses the root causes, drivers, impacts and potential solutions for the Mediterranean wildfires through a forensic analysis of academic literature, media articles and expert interviews.