bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resposta funcional e capacidade predatória da fase larval de Ceraeochrysa caligata alimentada com Brevicoryne Brassicae
Authors: Souza Joel Correa , Maia Wilson José De Melo e Silva , Galvão Jessivaldo Rodrigues , Alves Filho Pedro Paulo da Costa , Barbosa Antônio Vinicius Corrêa
Published: October 2015

O pulgão, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), é uma das principais pragas da cultura da couve. A necessidade de controle de insetos-pragas de forma racional e sustentável tem gerado a busca de medidas efetivas de controle. Objetivou-se estudar a capacidade predatória e a resposta funcional da fase jovem de Ceraeochrysa caligata (Banks) alimentada com o pulgão Brevicoryne Brassicae (L.), usando ninfas de segundo e terceiro instares. Foram utilizadas cinco densidades de presas, com cinco repetições com dois indivíduos por repetição. O Consumo aumentou proporcionalmente em função do estádio de desenvolvimento da larva, sendo significativamente maior no terceiro instar, representando acima de 75% do total. Os consumos médios diário e totais foram de 4,2 e 25,6; 10,2 e 70,2; 38,6 e 549,0 pulgões, para os três instares, respectivamente. Observou para a fase larval 23,4 e 644,8 pulgões. Constatou se duração média de 5,8; 6,7; 13,5 e de 26,0 dias para o primeiro, segundo e terceiro instares e fase larval, respectivamente. Observou se para os três instares e fase larval, um maior consumo em função do aumento da densidade de presas. A duração obtida para o primeiro e terceiro instares e fase larval, um maior consumo em função do aumento da disponibilidade de presas.

Functional response and predatory ability of the larval stage of Ceraeochrysa caligata fed Brevicoryne brassicae

ABSTRACT - The aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), is a major pest of cabbage culture. The need for insect pest control in a rational and sustainable manner has generated the search for effective control measures. The objective was to study the predatory capacity and the functional response of the young phase Ceraeochrysa caligata (Banks) fed with the aphid Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), using nymphs of second and third instars. Five prey densities were used, with five replicates with two individuals per replicate. Consumption increased in proportion to the larval stage of development and was significantly higher in the third instar, representing over 75% of the total. The daily and total average intake were 4.2 and 25.6; 10.2 and 70.2; Aphids 549.0 and 38.6 for the three instars, respectively. Observed for the larval stage 23.4 and 644.8 aphids. Found a mean duration of 5.8; 6.7; 13.5 and 26.0 days for the first, second and third instar and larval stage, respectively. Observed to the three instars and larval stage, a higher consumption due to the increase in prey density. The duration obtained for the first and third instar larval stage and a higher consumption due to the increased availability of prey.
A Closer Look at Cardioprotective Function of HDL: Revise the HDL – Cholesterol Hypothesis?
Authors: Meiliana Anna , Wijaya Andi
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: The strong inverse association of plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol with coronary heart disease (CHD) found in human epidemiological studies led to the development of the ‘HDL cholesterol hypothesis’, which posits that intervention to raise HDL cholesterol will result in reduced risk of CHD. A number of recent developments have brought the potential protective role of HDL into question. Several clinical trials of agents that substantially raise HDL-C have been demonstrated to not reduce CHD event rates.CONTENT: For decades, HDL and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were viewed as synonymous, and modulation of HDL-C levels by drug therapy held great promise for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, recent failures of drugs that raise HDL-C to reduce cardiovascular risk and the now greater understanding of the complexity of HDL composition and biology have prompted researchers in the field to redefine HDL. As such, the focus of HDL has now started to shift away from a cholesterol-centric view toward HDL particle number, subclasses, and other alternative metrics of HDL. Many of the recently discovered functions of HDL are, in fact, not strictly conferred by its ability to promote cholesterol flux but by the other molecules it transports, including a diverse set of proteins, small RNAs, hormones, carotenoids, vitamins, and bioactive lipids. Based on HDL’s ability to interact with almost all cells and deliver fat-soluble cargo, HDL has the remarkable capacity to affect a wide variety of endocrine-like systems.SUMMARY: There is a significant need to redefine HDL and its benefit. HDL transports a diverse set of functional proteins, including many binding proteins. HDL transports and deliver vitamins, carotenoids, and other small molecules. Moreover, HDL transports hormones, steroids and bile acids, and can modulate multiple endocrine pathways. HDLs also transport and deliver microRNAs to recipient cells and control gene expression. Likewise, HDLs carry bioactive lipids and can activate signaling cascades and receptors that control endothelial apoptosis, migration, survival and activation. Many of HDL’s alternative noncholesterol cargo likely confer many of HDL’s alternative functions.KEYWORDS: HDL, ApoA1, RCT, ABCA1, ABCG1, miRNA, HDL lipidome, HDL proteome
Comparison between Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Coronary Artery Calcification in the Prediction of Atherosclerosis in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Muljadi Rusli , Murtala Bachtiar , Kabo Peter , Suhadi FX Budhianto
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is one of the atherosclerosis etiologies that can lead to death. Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of atherosclerosis. Screening tool is very beneficial for detecting atherosclerotic plaque, especially in subclinical atherosclerotic cases. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and coronary artery calcification score (CACS) are two kinds of tools that are widely used, and each of these tools has its own superiority. This study was aimed to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of both of these tools as screening tools.METHODS: The study was conducted with a cross sectional design involving 43 diabetic and 68 non-diabetic male subjects aged above 45 years old. All subjects fulfilled inclusion criteria. Carotid artery ultrasonography and CACS measurement were performed.RESULTS: Fischer exact test was used to show a significant correlation between CIMT and CACS (p<0.05). Diagnostic test was used to assess the sensitivity of CIMT toward CACS in above 75 percentile. The left common carotid artery (LCCA) showed the highest sensitivity either in diabetic (76.4%) or non-diabetic male subjects (90%).CONCLUSION: CIMT has the same sensitivity with CACS. CIMT can be used as the preferred screening tool for high risk patients and as a substitution tool to CACS for low risk patients in subclinical atherosclerosis detection.KEYWORDS: atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, carotid intima-media thickness, coronary artery calciication score
Identification of Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Meiliana Anna , Wijaya Andi
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) was the second most common type of cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in men. The great challenge for physicians is being able to accurately predict PCa prognosis and treatment response in order to reduce PCa-specific mortality while avoiding overtreatment by identifying of when to intervene, and in which patients.CONTENT: Currently, PCa prognosis and treatment decision of PCa involved digital rectal examination, Prostate-Speciic Antigens (PSA), and subsequent biopsies for histopathological staging, known as Gleason score. However, each procedure has its shortcomings. Efforts to find a better clinically meaningful and non-invasive biomarkers still developed involving proteins, circulating tumor cells, nucleic acids, and the ‘omics' approaches.SUMMARY: Biomarkers for PCa will most likely be an assay employing multiple biomarkers in combination using protein and gene microarrays, containing markers that are differentially expressed in PCa.KEYWORDS: prostate cancer, PSA, biomarkers, nomograms, miRNA, proteomic, genomic, metabolomic
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Level as A Predictor of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Liver Cirrhosis Patients
Authors: Lukito Benyamin , Suriapranata Ivet , Pendrianto Pendrianto , Sulaiman Ali , Yusuf Irawan , Suhadi FX Budhianto , Mathew George , Sandra Ferry
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has been used for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis and screening, however, AFP has poor specificity. The extensive hypervascularity associated with HCC could be driven in part by the pro-angiogenic factor known as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Furthermore, invasiveness of certain HCC lesions has recently been linked to high levels of VEGF. Therefore, circulating VEGF levels of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and HCC were investigated and analysed.METHODS: An analytical cross sectional study was designed. Diagnosis of HCC and LC was performed using clinical criteria and findings obtained from B-mode ultrasonography (USG), computed tomography (CT) angiography, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Blood were collected intravenously from all subjects. Obtained serum and plasma were stored in -80°C for following analyses: hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg), hepatitis C virus (HCV), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, albumin, VEGF and AFP.RESULTS: Levels of VEGF and AFP were significantly higher in HCC group compared with LC group with p = 3.05 x 10-6 and p = 8.74 x 10-5, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation (p=0.029, r=0.309) between VEGF level and tumor size in HCC group. The area under curve (AUC) for VEGF level in HCC and LC groups was 0.771. In the level of median 435.6 pg/mL VEGF, the sensitivity was 50% and specificity was 86%. In the level of 199.99 pg/mL VEGF the sensitivity was 74% and specificity was 76%.CONCLUSION: The present findings suggested that VEGF level could be a useful marker for the presence of HCC in patients with LC.KEYWORDS: hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC, liver cirrhosis, LC, vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF, alpha-fetoprotein, AFP
Differences in Maternal Leptin Serum Levels between Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia
Authors: Yusrawati Yusrawati , Habibah Ratna Lestari , Machmud Rizanda
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Maternal circulating leptin, placental leptin gene expression and protein levels are increased in preeclampsia as compared with those in normal pregnancy. Increased serum leptin levels in preeclampsia which correspond with increased gestational age can be used independently or with other parameters as a marker for the severity of preeclampsia. The advantages of this examination in identifying preeclampsia severity are its simplicity, fast result, low cost and applicability.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in delivery room, polyclinic of Dr. M. Djamil Hospital, and Biomedical Laboratories of Medical Faculty of Andalas University from December 2013 to April 2014. The samples were collected from 68 women with singleton pregnancy in their third trimester (>28 weeks) presenting to the polyclinic and the delivery room of Dr. M. Djamil hospital. Differences in maternal serum leptin between preeclampsia and normal pregnancy were determined using t-test and Wilcoxon test for data with and without normal distribution, respectively, where p<0.05 indicating a significant results.RESULTS: The mean maternal serum leptin levels in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia were 1588.7964 ± 8.01074 ng/mL and 1608.1725 ± 6.69579 ng/mL, respectively. Thus, there is a statistically significant difference in mean maternal serum leptin levels between the normal pregnancy and preeclampsia (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: There are significant differences in maternal serum leptin levels between women with normal pregnancy and preeclampsia.KEYWORDS: leptin, preeclampsia, pregnancy
The Prevalence of Coworker Conflict Including Bullying in a Unionized U.S. Public Sector Workforce
Authors: Lipscomb Jane , London Matt , McPhaul Kate M. , Ghaziri Mazen El , Lydecker Alyson , Geiger-Brown Jeanne , Johnson Jeffrey V.
Published: October 2015

Workplace violence is an enormous problem worldwide; incidents where the perpetrator is a current or former employee are an important dimension. This large cross-sectional survey examined the prevalence of this problem among a U.S. state government unionized public sector workforce. Using participatory action research methods, we conducted a web-based survey of members of that workforce from a single northeast U.S. state, receiving 11,874 completed surveys (response rate: 71.8%). Overall, 10.0% of the respondents indicated that they had been bullied at work during the prior 6 months, with 71.9% of those who reported regular bullying identifying the perpetrator as a supervisor and/or top management. The prevalence of bullying was similar to the rates reported in Europe and Scandinavia (5%–30%). Those reports also identified the person(s) responsible for the behavior as being predominantly of higher status within the organization.
The Development and Validation of the Social Networking Experiences Questionnaire: A Measure of Adolescent Cyberbullying and Its Impact
Authors: Dredge Rebecca , Gleeson John , Garcia Xochitl de la Piedad
Published: October 2015

The measurement of cyberbullying has been marked by several inconsistencies that lead to difficulties in cross-study comparisons of the frequency of occurrence and the impact of cyberbullying. Consequently, the first aim of this study was to develop a measure of experience with and impact of cyberbullying victimization in social networking sites in adolescents. The second aim was to investigate the psychometric properties of a purpose-built measure (Social Networking Experiences Questionnaire [SNEQ]). Exploratory factor analysis on 253 adolescent social networking sites users produced a six-factor model of impact. However, one factor was removed because of low internal consistency. Cronbach’s alpha was higher than .76 for the victimization and remaining five impact subscales. Furthermore, correlation coefficients for the Victimization scale and related dimensions showed good construct validity. The utility of the SNEQ for victim support personnel, research, and cyberbullying education/prevention programs is discussed.
Sexual Coercion and Psychological Aggression Victimization: Unique Constructs and Predictors of Depression
Authors: Salwen Jessica K. , Solano Ingrid A. , O’Leary K. Daniel
Published: October 2015

Sexual coercion of women is a common problem in couples that is often conceptualized as a facet of sexual assault or as a form of psychological aggression. Because psychological aggression is consistently linked to depressive symptoms, the researchers evaluated the unique contribution of sexual coercion victimization in the prediction of depressive symptoms beyond the variance explained by psychological aggression victimization. Sample 1 consisted of women living with a partner for at least a year and parenting a young child, whereas Sample 2 consisted of undergraduate students in relationships of at least 6 months. Overall, 27.4% of the women in Sample 1 and 22.8% of the women in Sample 2 reported experiencing sexual coercion victimization. Across both samples, depressive symptoms and psychological aggression victimization were significantly greater in women who experienced sexual coercion victimization. In addition, sexual coercion victimization and psychological aggression victimization each contributed significantly and uniquely to the prediction of depressive symptoms. Thus, although related to psychological aggression victimization, sexual coercion in an intimate relationship is a distinct construct. Implications for assessment, prevention, and couple therapy are discussed.
Exploratory Study on Intimate Partner Kidnapping: Is This a Prevailing Issue in Intimate Partner Relationships?
Authors: Blumenstein Lindsey
Published: October 2015

The following study is an exploratory analysis of intimate partner kidnapping. This research focuses on kidnappings that occur between adult intimate partners only. The purpose of this research is to identify the prevalence rates and demographic patterns of this type of violence as well as make comparisons between intimate partner kidnapping and nonintimate partner kidnapping and comparisons between intimate partner kidnapping and intimate partner assaults (a more commonly studied form of intimate partner violence). This research relies on the National Incident-Based Reporting System (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2012) not only to identify descriptive characteristics but also to conduct bivariate comparisons of the different types of kidnapping violence and intimate partner violence. The findings from this research find that despite being a fairly rare event, intimate partner kidnapping occurs more often than nonintimate partner kidnapping, although not more often than intimate partner assaults. There are several differences between intimate partner kidnapping and nonintimate partner kidnapping as well as intimate partner kidnapping and intimate partner assault. Victims of intimate partner kidnapping were significantly younger than nonintimate partner kidnapping and intimate partner violence assaults, and females were more likely to be victims of kidnapping compared to nonintimate partner kidnapping and intimate partner violence assaults. There was a higher proportion of Whites and Hispanics who were victims of intimate partner kidnapping. There was also a greater proportion of blunt object/personal weapons (compared to firearms and knives) used in intimate partner kidnapping. Lastly, there was a significantly lower proportion of severe injury in intimate partner kidnapping compared to intimate partner violence assaults. A discussion of the conclusions and implications and directions for future research is also included.
Why Did She Do It? College Women’s Motives for Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration
Authors: Neal Angela M. , Dixon Kristiana J. , Edwards Katie M. , Gidycz Christine A.
Published: October 2015

The goal of this study was to examine young adult women’s motives for engaging in psychological, physical, and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV). Participants were 484 college women in relationships who had engaged in at least 1 form of psychological, physical, or sexual IPV perpetration. Women who reported engaging in psychological and physical IPV typically reported motives of anger, retaliation for being hit first or for emotional hurt, and an inability to express themselves verbally, whereas women who reported sexual IPV perpetration reported motives of sexual arousal, to prove love, and a loss of control. These results suggest that women engage in psychological and physical perpetration for many of the same reasons and that women’s motives for sexual perpetration are somewhat different. These findings have implications for the ways in which interventions are tailored, suggesting that there are likely important factors that need to be addressed for all types of IPV (e.g., emotion dysregulation), and some types of IPV (e.g., sexual) might require tailored prevention and intervention efforts (e.g., education about appropriate ways of expressing sexual arousal and love). These findings also underscore the importance of investigating multiple forms of perpetration when studying motives for IPV and the relevance of motives in the development of IPV prevention programming with young women.
Programs for Partner-Violent Men: Shared Goals With Different Strategies
Authors: Holmgren Eveliina , Holma Juha , Seikkula Jaakko
Published: October 2015

Currently, the most popular intervention in the problem of intimate partner violence (IPV) are shelter-based services for victims and the group program model for perpetrators. Since its establishment in the 1970s, the perpetrator group format has been adopted throughout the world, in various settings. Most services are directed at partner-violent men; however, there are initiatives for offering interventions for partner-violent women, lesbians, and gays (e.g., Hamel, 2014). Some smaller scale studies have indicated that these programs result in important changes and help clients stop their violent behavior; however, the effectiveness of these programs has yet to be demonstrated by research using the most rigorous experimental designs. Because there is currently no conclusive evidence on the effectiveness of these interventions, or best practices, many programs face challenges in justifying their work. In addition, many ideological disputes have characterized the development of the group programs. Given the many controversial viewpoints on these interventions, the aim of this article is to discuss some key issues concerning these programs’ history, development, and current challenges in both practice and research.
Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Identify Predictors of Oral Hygiene: A Collection of Unique Behaviors
Authors: Brein Daniel J. , Fleenor Thomas J. , Kim Soo‐Woo , Krupat Edward
Published: October 2015

Background: This study aims to identify predictors of performed oral hygiene behaviors (OHBs) based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), oral health knowledge, and demographic factors.

Methods: Using a questionnaire, 381 participants in three general dental offices and one hospital dental department in York, Pennsylvania, were surveyed regarding performed OHB, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, oral health knowledge, income, age, and sex.

Results: Three unique elements of OHB were identified for analysis: brushing, interdental cleaning, and tongue cleaning. Regression analysis revealed that attitude was the strongest predictor of brushing behavior, followed by oral health knowledge, perceived behavior control, subjective norms, and income. Perceived behavior control was the strongest predictor of interdental cleaning, followed by increased age and attitude. Female sex was the strongest predictor of tongue cleaning, followed by subjective norms, decreased age, and perceived behavior control. Respectively, these three groups of predictive variables explained 22.5% of brushing behavior, 22.7% of interdental cleaning behavior, and 9.5% of tongue cleaning behavior.

Conclusions: The present findings highlight the utility of viewing OHB as a set of unique behaviors with unique predictive variables and provide additional support for use of TPB in predicting OHB. Periodontal practitioners should consider the strong associations of attitude and perceived behavioral control with brushing and interdental cleaning behaviors when designing interventional efforts to improve patient home care.
Oral Microbiota, Periodontal Status, and Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Females
Authors: Hernández‐Vigueras Scarlette , Martínez‐Garriga Blanca , Sánchez María Carmen , Sanz Mariano , Estrugo‐Devesa Albert , Vinuesa Teresa , López‐López José , Viñas Miguel
Published: October 2015

Background: Alterations in hormone levels during menopause decrease bone density and may worsen oral health, favoring the growth of periodontal pathogens, whose detection could improve the diagnosis of periodontitis. The aim of this study is to detect and quantify the main periodontal pathogens in the oral microbiota of postmenopausal females and to explore the relationship between clinical and periodontal parameters.

Methods: This was an observational cross‐sectional study of 76 postmenopausal females. Dental examinations and sampling for microbiologic evaluation were performed, and a history of osteoporosis/osteopenia was collected. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used for detecting and quantifying Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Campylobacter rectus (Cr), and Tannerella forsythia (Tf). The results obtained were subjected to statistical analyses. Statistical significance was defined as P <0.05.

Results: Periodontitis was detected in 77.1% of females with osteoporosis/osteopenia (P >0.05). A significant correlation was found between osteoporosis and missing teeth. T. forsythia and C. rectus were detected in 100% of the samples, Fn and Pg in 98.7%, and Aa in 73.7%.

Conclusions: Osteoporosis did not influence the prevalence of periodontitis among postmenopausal females. The presence of periodontopathogenic bacteria was not sufficient to confirm disease. A preventive maintenance program for postmenopausal females, particularly osteoporotic females, who are at greater risk of tooth loss, could minimize the potential effects of bone loss on periodontal tissues.
Health Benefits of Green Public Housing: Associations With Asthma Morbidity and Building-Related Symptoms
Authors: Colton Meryl D. , Laurent Jose Guillermo Cedeno , MacNaughton Piers , Kane John , Bennett-Fripp Mae , Spengler John , Adamkiewicz Gary
Published: October 2015

Objectives. We examined associations of several health outcomes with green and conventional low-income housing, where the prevalence of morbidities and environmental pollutants is elevated.

Methods. We used questionnaires and a visual inspection to compare sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms and asthma-related morbidity among residents in multifamily units in Boston, Massachusetts, between March 2012 and May 2013. Follow-up was approximately 1 year later.

Results. Adults living in green units reported 1.35 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.66, 2.05) fewer SBS symptoms than those living in conventional (control) homes (P < .001). Furthermore, asthmatic children living in green homes experienced substantially lower risk of asthma symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.12, 1.00), asthma attacks (OR = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.11, 0.88), hospital visits (OR = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.88), and asthma-related school absences (OR = 0.21; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.74) than children living in conventional public housing.

Conclusions. Participants living in green homes had improved health outcomes, which remained consistent over the study period. Green housing may provide a significant value in resource-poor settings where green construction or renovation could simultaneously reduce harmful indoor exposures, promote resident health, and reduce operational costs.
Community Health Assessment and Improved Public Health Decision-Making: A Propensity Score Matching Approach
Authors: Rabarison Kristina M. , Timsina Lava , Mays Glen P.
Published: October 2015

Objectives. We analyzed the likelihood of chronic disease prevention activities delivery, as a proxy measure of public health decision-making and actions, given that local health agencies (LHAs) implemented a community health assessment and improvement plan in their communities.

Methods. Using a propensity score matching approach, we linked data from the 2010 National Association of County and City Health Officials profile of LHAs and the 2010 County Health Rankings to create a statistically matched sample of implementation and comparison LHAs. Implementation LHAs were those that implemented a community health assessment and improvement plan. We estimated the odds of chronic disease prevention activities delivery and the average treatment effect on the treated.

Results. Implementation group LHAs were 2 times as likely (95% confidence interval = 1.60, 2.64) to deliver population-based chronic disease prevention programs than comparison group LHAs. Furthermore, chronic disease prevention activities were more likely to be delivered among implementation group LHAs (6.50–19.02 percentage points higher) than in comparison group LHAs.

Conclusions. Our results signal that routine implementation of a community health assessment and improvement plan in LHAs leads to improved public health decision-making and actions.
Mental Health Diagnoses 3 Years After Receiving or Being Denied an Abortion in the United States
Authors: Biggs M. Antonia , Neuhaus John M. , Foster Diana G.
Published: October 2015

Objectives. We set out to assess the occurrence of new depression and anxiety diagnoses in women 3 years after they sought an abortion.

Methods. We conducted semiannual telephone interviews of 956 women who sought abortions from 30 US facilities. Adjusted multivariable discrete-time logistic survival models examined whether the study group (women who obtained abortions just under a facility’s gestational age limit, who were denied abortions and carried to term, who were denied abortions and did not carry to term, and who received first-trimester abortions) predicted depression or anxiety onset during seven 6-month time intervals.

Results. The 3-year cumulative probability of professionally diagnosed depression was 9% to 14%; for anxiety it was 10% to 15%, with no study group differences. Women in the first-trimester group and women denied abortions who did not give birth had greater odds of new self-diagnosed anxiety than did women who obtained abortions just under facility gestational limits.

Conclusions. Among women seeking abortions near facility gestational limits, those who obtained abortions were at no greater mental health risk than were women who carried an unwanted pregnancy to term.
Predictors of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Completion Among Female and Male Vaccine Initiators in Family Planning Centers
Authors: Simons Hannah R. , Unger Zoe D. , Lopez Priscilla M. , Kohn Julia E.
Published: October 2015

Objectives. We estimated human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine series completion and examined predictors of completion among adolescents and young adults in a large family planning network.

Methods. Our retrospective cohort study of vaccine completion within 12 months and time to completion used electronic health record data from 119 Planned Parenthood health centers in 11 US states for 9648 patients who initiated HPV vaccination between January 2011 and January 2013.

Results. Among vaccine initiators, 29% completed the series within 12 months. Patients who were male, younger than 22 years, or non-Hispanic Black or who had public insurance were less likely to complete within 12 months and completed more slowly than their counterparts. Gender appeared to modify the effect of public versus private insurance on completion (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.76 for women and 0.95 for men; relative excess risk due to interaction = 0.41; 95% confidence interval = 0.09, 0.73).

Conclusions. Completion was low yet similar to previous studies conducted in safety net settings.
National Dissemination of StrongWomen–Healthy Hearts: A Community-Based Program to Reduce Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among Midlife and Older Women
Authors: Folta Sara C. , Seguin Rebecca A. , Chui Kenneth K. H. , Clark Valerie , Corbin Marilyn A. , Goldberg Jeanne P. , Heidkamp-Young Eleanor , Lichtenstein Alice H. , Wiker Nancy , Nelson Miriam E.
Published: October 2015

Objectives. We describe the national dissemination of an evidence-based community cardiovascular disease prevention program for midlife and older women using the RE-AIM (reach effectiveness adoption implementation maintenance) framework and share key lessons learned during translation.

Methods. In a 2010 to 2014 collaboration between the StrongWomen program and the National Extension Association of Family and Consumer Sciences, we assessed reach, adoption, implementation, and maintenance using survey methods, and we assessed effectiveness using a pretest–posttest within-participants design, with weight change as the primary outcome.

Results. Overall reach into the population was 15 per 10 000. Of 85 trained leaders, 41 (48%) adopted the program. During the 12-week intervention, weight decreased by 0.5 kilograms, fruit and vegetable intake increased by 2.1 servings per day, and physical activity increased by 1238 metabolic equivalent (MET)-minutes per week (all P < .001). Average fidelity score was 4.7 (out of possible 5). Eleven of 41 adopting leaders (27%) maintained the program.

Conclusions. The StrongWomen–Healthy Hearts program can be implemented with high fidelity in a variety of settings while remaining effective. These data provide direction for program modification to improve impact as dissemination continues.
Contribution of HIV to Maternal Morbidity Among Refugee Women in Canada
Authors: Wanigaratne Susitha , Cole Donald C. , Bassil Kate , Hyman Ilene , Moineddin Rahim , Urquia Marcelo L.
Published: October 2015

Objectives. We compared severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and SMM subtypes, including HIV, of refugee women with those of nonrefugee immigrant and nonimmigrant women.

Methods. We linked 1 154 421 Ontario hospital deliveries (2002–2011) to immigration records (1985–2010) to determine the incidence of an SMM composite indicator and its subtypes. We determined SMM incidence according to immigration periods, which were characterized by lifting restrictions for all HIV-positive immigrants (in 1991) and refugees who may place “excessive demand” on government services (in 2002).

Results. Refugees had a higher risk of SMM (17.1 per 1000 deliveries) than did immigrants (12.1 per 1000) and nonimmigrants (12.4 per 1000). Among SMM subtypes, refugees had a much higher risk of HIV than did immigrants (risk ratio [RR] = 7.94; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.64, 11.18) and nonimmigrants (RR = 17.37; 95% CI = 12.83, 23.53). SMM disparities were greatest after the 2002 policy came into effect. After exclusion of HIV cases, SMM disparities disappeared.

Conclusions. An apparent higher risk of SMM among refugee women in Ontario, Canada is explained by their high prevalence of HIV, which increased over time parallel to admission policy changes favoring humanitarian protection.
Comparative Respiratory Morbidity of Former and Current US Coal Miners
Authors: Halldin Cara N. , Wolfe Anita L. , Laney A. Scott
Published: October 2015

We compared the prevalence of respiratory disease in former and current US coal miners using chest radiographs and lung functions collected from 2009 to 2013 among miners of the Appalachian and Interior US coalfields. We calculated prevalence ratios (PRs) of pneumoconiosis and impaired lung function. Significantly higher prevalences of pneumoconiosis (PR = 1.5; 95% confidence interval = 1.2, 2.0) and impaired lung function were observed among former miners compared with active miners. Former miners continue to suffer negative health effects from occupational coal mine dust exposure. The respiratory health of active and former miners is a global concern because international coal production is projected to increase for decades to come.
Over-Tightening of the Syndesmosis After Ankle Fracture
Authors: Gesink Dirk S. , Anderson John G.
Published: October 2015

Case:

An eighteen-year-old patient sustained a fracture-dislocation of the left ankle while playing rugby. The fracture was treated in the emergency department with closed reduction and splinting, followed by open reduction and internal fixation. Subsequently, increased tibiotalar clear space was noted radiographically. Coronal computed tomography images confirmed distal distraction of the talus. This was determined to have resulted from “over-tightening” the syndesmosis. Our surgical treatment consisted of minute manual repositioning of the talus.

Conclusion:

We advise meticulous scrutiny of intraoperative radiographs to evaluate potential talar distraction. Additionally, comparison radiographs of the contralateral ankle can be an essential component of preoperative and intraoperative assessment of ankle fractures with syndesmotic disruption.
Produced-Water-Chemistry History Matching in the Janice Field
Authors: Vazquez O.. , Young C.. , Demyanov V.. , Arnold D.. , Fisher A.. , MacMillan A.. , Christie Mike
Published: October 2015

Produced-water-chemistry (PWC) data are the main sources of information to monitor scale precipitation in oilfield operations. Chloride concentration is used to evaluate the seawater fraction of the total produced water per producing well and is included as an extra history-matching constraint to reevaluate a good conventionally history-matched (HM) reservoir model for the Janice field. Generally, PWC is not included in conventional history matching, and this approach shows the value of considering the nature of the seawater-injection front and the associated brine mixing between the distinctive formation water and injected seawater.

Adding the extra constraint resulted in the reconceptualization of the reservoir geology between a key injector and two producers. The transmissibility of a shale layer is locally modified within a range of geologically consistent values. Also, a major lineament is identified which is interpreted as a northwest/southeast-trending fault, whereby the zero transmissibility of a secondary shale in the Middle Fulmar is locally adjusted to allow crossflow. Both uncertainties are consistent with the complex faulting known to exist in the region of the targeted wells. Other uncertainties that were carried forward to the assisted-history-matching phase included water allocation to the major seawater injectors; thermal fracture orientation of injectors; and the vertical and horizontal permeability ratio (Kv/Kh) of the Fulmar formation.

Finally, a stochastic particle-swarm-optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to generate an ensemble of HM models with seawater fraction as an extra constraint in the misfit definition. Use of additional data in history matching has improved the original good HM solution. Field oil-production rate is interpreted as improved over a key period, and although no obvious improvement was observed in field water-production rate, seawater fraction in a number of wells was improved.
A GIS-based tool for distribution system data integration and analysis
Authors: Trépanier Martin , Gauthier Vincent , Besner Marie-Claude , Pre´vost Miche`le
Published: October 2015

The causes of water quality problems in distribution systems are difficult to identify because they can be related to numerous sources. A tool has been developed to integrate and analyse water distribution system data with the help of geographical information system (GIS) technologies. This approach uses a flexible software architecture to gather data on distribution system structural elements, water quality sampling and especially distribution system events, all of which can be key to explaining water quality problems. The tool has been applied to five water utilities in North America and Europe, all with different data formats and data gathering practices. The approach was successful in explaining about 40% of positive coliform samples at the Laval (Quebec) utility. It also led to better data quality and responsiveness at the utilities.
Incorporation of artificial neural networks and data assimilation techniques into a third-generation wind–wave model for wave forecasting
Authors: Zhang Zhixu , Li Chi-Wai , Li Yok-Sheung , Qi Yiquan
Published: October 2015

Although the third-generation formulation of the ocean wave model describes the wave generation, dissipation and nonlinear interaction processes explicitly, many empirical parameters exist in the model which have to be determined experimentally. With the advance in oceanographic remote-sensing techniques, information on oceanic parameters including significant wave height (SWH) can be obtained daily by satellite altimeters. The assimilation of these data into the wave model provides a way of improving the hindcasting results. However, for wave forecasting, no altimeter data exist during the forecasting period, by definition. To improve the forecasting accuracy of the wave model, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are introduced to mimic the errors introduced by the wave model. This is achieved by training the ANN using the wave model output as input, and the results after data assimilation as the targeted output. The trained ANN is then used as a post-processor of the output from the wave model. The proposed method has been applied in wave simulation in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The statistical interpolation method is used to assimilate the altimeter data into the wave model output and a back-propagation ANN is used to mimic the relation between the wave model outputs with or without data assimilation. The results show that an apparent improvement in the accuracy of forecasting can be obtained.
The importance of domestic water quality management in the context of faecal–oral disease transmission
Authors: Trevett Andrew Francis , Carter Richard C. , Tyrrel Sean F.
Published: October 2015

The deterioration of drinking water quality following its collection from a community well or standpipe and during storage in the home has been well documented. However, there is a view that post-supply contamination is of little public health consequence. This paper explores the potential health risk from consuming re-contaminated drinking water. A conceptual framework of principal factors that determine the pathogen load in household drinking water is proposed. Using this framework a series of hypotheses are developed in relation to the risk of disease transmission from re-contaminated drinking water and examined in the light of current literature and detailed field observation in rural Honduran communities. It is shown that considerable evidence of disease transmission from re-contaminated drinking water exists. In particular the type of storage container and hand contact with stored drinking water has been associated with increased incidence of diarrhoeal disease. There is also circumstantial evidence linking such factors as the sanitary conditions in the domestic environment, cultural norms and poverty with the pathogen load of household stored drinking water and hence the risk of disease transmission. In conclusion it is found that re-contaminated drinking water represents a significant health risk especially to infants, and also to those with secondary immunodeficiency.
Status of groundwater arsenic contamination and human suffering in a Gram Panchayet (cluster of villages) in Murshidabad, one of the nine arsenic affected districts in West Bengal, India
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Mahmudur , Sengupta Mrinal Kumar , Ahamed Sad , Chowdhury Uttam Kumar , Lodh Dilip , Hossain M. Amir , Das Bhaskar , Chakraborti Dipankar , Saha Kshitish Chandra , Kaies Imrul , Barua Ajoy Kishore
Published: October 2015

A detailed study was carried out in a cluster of villages known as Sagarpara Gram Panchayet (GP), covering an area of 20 km2 and population of 24,419 to determine the status of groundwater arsenic contamination and related health effects. The arsenic analysis of all hand tubewells (n = 565) in working condition showed, 86.2% and 58.8% of them had arsenic above 10, and 50 μg l−1, respectively. The groundwater samples from all 21 villages in Sagarpara GP contained arsenic above 50 μg l−1. In our preliminary clinical survey across the 21 villages, 3,302 villagers were examined and 679 among them (20.6%) were registered with arsenical skin lesions. A total of 850 biological samples (hair, nail and urine) were analysed from the affected villages and, on average, 85% of them contained arsenic above the normal level. Thus, many people of Sagarpara might be sub-clinically affected. Our data was compared with the international one to estimate population in Sagarpara GP at risk from arsenical skin lesions and cancer. Proper watershed management and economical utilization of available surface water resources along with the villagers' participation is urgently required to combat the present arsenic crisis.
Quantitative detection of enteroviruses in activated sludge by cell culture and real-time RT-PCR using paramagnetic capturing
Authors: Pusch D. , Ihle St. , Graeber I. , López-Pila J. M. , Lebuhn M.
Published: October 2015

We have compared in extracts of activated sludge the number of enteroviruses detectable with buffalo green monkey (BGM) cell-cultures versus the number of enteroviral genomes determined by reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). In order to find conditions adequate for quantifying enteroviral RNA isolated from (waste)water we have investigated affinity capture of RNA with polystyrene beads (Dynabeads). The capture efficiency strongly depended on the genomic region chosen for the affinity binding. Capture of the RNA by its 3′-tail was most efficient (almost 100%); other regions within the genome yielded variable but lower results. Indirect capture (first hybridization of the RNA to the oligonucleotides, then attachment of the duplex molecules to the beads) was much more efficient than direct capture (attachment of the oligonucleotides to the beads first, then binding of the RNA), and resulted in RNA capture of maximally 60–80%. At least partly, this was due to incomplete hybridization of the RNA to the complementary oligonucleotides. No correlation was found between the number of cytopathic effects (CPE) determined by cell culture and the number of genomes quantified by RT-qPCR; RT-qPCR values were consistently much higher than the number of CPE. This points to overestimation of infectious enteroviruses by RT-qPCR and/or underestimation by the cell culture approach.
Quantifying the impact of runoff events on microbiological contaminant concentrations entering surface drinking source waters
Authors: Signor R. S. , Roser D. J. , Ashbolt N. J. , Ball J. E.
Published: October 2015

Concentrations of microbiological contaminants in streams increase during rainfall-induced higher flow ‘event’ periods as compared to ‘baseflow’ conditions. If the stream feeds a drinking water reservoir, such periods of heightened pathogen loads may pose a challenge to the water treatment plant and subsequently a health concern to water consumers downstream. In order to manage this risk, it is desirable to first quantify the differences in surface water quality between baseflow and event conditions. The Event Mean Concentration (EMC) is a flow-weighted average concentration of a contaminant over the duration of a single event, proposed here as a standard parameter for quantifying the net effect of events on microbial water quality. Application of the EMC concept was assessed using flow and quality data for several events from an urbanised catchment. Expected mean EMCs were significantly larger than expected mean baseflow concentrations (p-value≤0.012) for three microbial agents - Escherichia coli (13,000 [n = 7] v. 610 [n = 16] mpn/100 ml), Cryptosporidium (234 [n = 6] v. 51 [n = 16] oocysts/10 litres) and Campylobacter (48 [n = 5] v. 2.1 [n = 16] mpn/100 ml). These parameter estimates were complemented by estimating data variability and uncertainty in the form of second-order random variables. As such the results are in a format appropriate for potential use as components in probabilistic risk assessments evaluating the effect runoff events have on drinking water quality.