bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparison Between Two Sensor Devices for Measuring Heart Rate Using IOT
Authors: Hasan Mahmoud , Hawedi Hadya , Huwaydi Eenas
Published: September 2024

Heart health has become a critical issue in our modern world. The elevated risk of heart disease is an important problem for every person. The Internet of Things is among the most innovative new technologies to appear in recent years. An example of such a development is the heart rate monitor. In this paper, we propose a remote heart rate monitoring system based on Internet of Things technology to facilitate communication between the doctor and the patient. This system is designed using electronic sensors (Pulse Sensor, Easy Pulse Sensor V1.1) that measure the heart rate and then send it to the NodeMcu board, which in turn sends the data to the Firebase database, where an Android application was created and designed using the Android Studio program, which uses the Java programming language to receive data from the database in real time. We tested the system and compared it with both sensors, revealing that the Easy Pulse V1.1 sensor outperforms the pulse sensor in terms of accuracy.
Architectural Synergy: Investigating the Role of Artificial Neural Networks in Enabling Deep Learning
Authors: Ben Dalla Ben Dalla, L , Medeni, T Medeni, T , Agila, A Agila, A , Medeni, İ Medeni, İ
Published: September 2024

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have transformed the area of deep learning by demonstrating exceptional abilities in a range of tasks, including object identification, picture identification, and natural language processing. Yet, study and investigation into the complex interactions between various architectural elements inside CNNs known as architectural synergy remain continuing. This study addresses the consequences of architectural synergy for improving model performance, scalability, and reliability, and examines how it enables deep learning using CNNs. Using an extensive examination of extant literature and real-world implementation cases, we clarify the processes that underlie architectural synergy and underscore its capacity to enhance the capabilities of CNN-powered models. We hope to further our knowledge of the fundamental ideas behind the effectiveness of CNNs in deep learning by illuminating this important area of neural network architecture learning tasks.
Unveiling the Evolutionary Journey based on Tracing the Historical Relationship between Artificial Neural Networks and Deep Learning
Authors: Ben Dalla, L. Ben Dalla, L. , Medeni, T. Medeni, T. , Zbeida, S. Zbeida, S. , Medeni, İ. Medeni, İ.
Published: September 2024

Artificial intelligence has undergone a sea change since the introduction of deep learning, bringing innovations that were previously only seen in science fiction to life. Artificial neural networks (ANNs), a notion with decades-long roots, are at the center of this paradigm shift. This study explores the evolutionary path from the first perceptron’s to the complex, multi-layered architectures of today, exploring the historical link between ANNs and deep learning. The paper reveals the key discoveries, scientific advances, and theoretical breakthroughs that have sparked the evolution of neural network research into the deep learning algorithms that are now the foundation of many contemporary artificial intelligence applications. This is done through a thorough review and analysis of the literature. The study also looks at the computational and socioeconomic elements that have helped or hindered this development. The paper provides a sophisticated understanding of the mutually beneficial growth of ANNs and deep learning by clarifying how their interconnected evolution has developed, emphasizing how earlier breakthroughs have paved the way for present-day achievements and the promise of artificial intelligence.
Proposing Disk Scheduling Algorithm to Enhance the Efficiency of Disk Performance
Authors: Elnaas, G. Elnaas, G. , Sullabi, M. Sullabi, M.
Published: September 2024

Management of disk scheduling is a very important aspect of operating system. Disk scheduling involves a careful examination of pending requests to determine the most efficient way to serve these requests. A disk scheduler examines the positional relationship among waiting requests, then reorders the queue so that the requests will be serviced with minimum seek. Performance of the disk scheduling completely depends on how efficient is the scheduling algorithm to allocate services to the request in a better manner. After the arrival of the multi-core processor, the speed of the processors became much faster with the Hyper-Threading technology, and with this the speed of the processors increased dramatically with a record speed. All processers need CPU time and read/write time together to complete their execution. Read/write operations require the operating system to access the disk to store and retrieve data. In the recent years many algorithms (FIFO, SSTF, SCAN, C-SCAN, LOOK, etc.) are developed in order to optimize the system disk I/O performance. The purpose of this study is to obtain a new scheduling algorithm that reduces seek time, sum of head movement, spin time, and transfer time, so as to improve disk performance efficiency in a better way to try to synchronize with CPU performance.
The Correlation Aspects of Software Development Actual Effort and the Effected Factors
Authors: Amarif, M. Amarif, M. , Awidat, F. Awidat, F.
Published: September 2024

estimating the effort of software development is the focus of attention of software engineers, as it allows developers to determine the resources needed for the software project from the beginning until the final delivery. In fact, the actual effort of the software development depends on a set of basic factors that affect it either positively or negatively. These factors vary depending on the type and nature of the software. A few studies have been conducted in order to consider these factors and their correlation to the actual effort. Most of these studies have used methods such as a survey or a questionnaire. However, these methods lack of inaccurate measurement due to the variation of participated experiences and skills. Today, the world have emerged artificial intelligence technologies in most of fields to obtain higher accurate and fast results. This research uses feature selection intelligent algorithms such as Generic Univariate Select, Mutual Information, and RelifF algorithms to determine the correlation of software actual effort with the effected factors through XGBoost machine learning library. The NASA data set and the common effected factors of COCOMO model has been selected to determine the factors with the strongest correlation and influence on the actual effort. Through the results of this research, it has been found that complexity factor has recorded the largest correlation coefficient followed by the size of the software. The relationship between factors has been noticed and this contributes to the importance of the effected factors consideration and perfect software management.
التنبؤ بالنشاط البشري باستخدام تقنيات التعلم العميق
Authors: عويدات بدر , خليفة نجيب , فرج علي
Published: September 2024

يعتبر التعرف على الأنشطة البشرية (Human Activity Recognition)  مجالًا في علم الحوسبة الذي يهتم بتطوير نماذج وتقنيات لتحديد وتصنيف الأنشطة البشرية استنادًا إلى بيانات معينة. تأتي هذه البيانات غالبًا من أجهزة استشعار مثل أجهزة التسارع (accelerometers) في الهواتف الذكية أو الأجهزة القابلة للارتداء، والتي تقيس الحركة والتسارع والسرعة للأفراد. تُعتبر هذه البيانات سلاسل زمنية لقياس نشاط الإنسان، حيث تحتوي على معلومات مثل المستخدم، نشاط الإنسان، التسجيل الزمني (timestamp)، وقيم لمحاور مختلفة ( (x-axis، y-axis، z-axis) والتي تمثل قراءات الحساسات الموجودة على الجهاز المستخدم لقياس الحركة. تم جمع مجموعة البيانات المستخدمة في هذا البحث من مختبرWISDM، قسم علوم الحاسوب والمعلومات، جامعة فوردهام، حيث جمعت هذه البيانات من 36 مستخدمًا مختلفًا أثناء أدائهم لبعض الأنشطة البشرية الشائعة مثل المشي، والركض، وصعود السلالم، ونزول السلالم، والجلوس، والوقوف لفترات زمنية محددة. في هذا البحث، تم مقارنة استخدام ثلاثة نماذج مختلفة لتنبؤ بالنشاط البشري باستخدام مجموعة بيانات .WISDM تشمل النماذج المستخدمة نموذج Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) مع طبقة تحويل زمني (Temporal Convolution Layer)، ونموذج LSTM مع نسبة Dropout أعلى، ونموذج LSTM مع نسبة Dropout أقل. يُظهر التحليل الشامل لنتائج دراسة التعرف على الأنشطة البشرية باستخدام مجموعة بيانات WISDM أن النموذج LSTM مع نسبة Dropout أقل حقق أداءً متفوقًا بشكل ملحوظ على النماذج الأخرى المدروسة. بعد التدريب والتقييم، حقق هذا النموذج دقة تصنيف بلغت 0.9644 على بيانات التحقق، مما يشير إلى قدرته على تحديد وتصنيف الأنشطة البشرية بدقة عالية. حيث تتضح جودة أداء النموذج من خلال قيم الدقة والخسارة التي تحسنت بشكل ملحوظ خلال عملية التدريب، مما يدل على فعالية عملية التعلم للنموذج.
التنبؤ بأسعار الذهب في السوق المحلية باستخدام نموذج دعم الاتجاهات SVM استنادا على تحليل الآراء
Authors: الاجنف عبد الباسط , الصلابي محمد
Published: September 2024

لقد كان التنبؤ بأسعار الذهب دائمًا موضوعًا بحثيًا مهمًا وصعبًا بالنسبة لمستثمري الذهب. في النماذج التقليدية، استخدم معظم العلماء سعر الذهب التاريخي أو المؤشرات الاقتصادية للتنبؤ بأسعار الذهب. ومن أجل حل معظم مشاكل النماذج التقليدية، يجب التنقيب في أخبار الذهب على شبكة الإنترنت والتي قد تكون موضوعاً لاستخدام أسلوب تحليل الآراء، الذي يهدف إلى التأكد من الاستقطاب في الرأي والكلمات في أخبار الذهب اليومية. تمثل درجة الرأي اتجاهات السوق الحالية، لذلك تستخدم هذه الدراسة درجة الرأي من خلال التنقيب عن النص كمؤشر مدخل للنموذج المقترح في التنبؤ بأسعار الذهب مع اسعار العملات النقدية كمؤشرات اقتصادية. تم الاعتماد في بحثنا على قاعدة بيانات تحتوي على أكثر من 102000 تغريده من موقع X (تويتر)، تم تحميلها على فترات متفاوتة لمدة عام تقريبا من سنة 2021 الى 2022. تم تدريب قاعدة البيانات بناء على مفهوم تحليل الآراء باستخدام قواعد المعجم. والتي تقوم بمعالجة المسبقة للبيانات ومقارنة مع القاموس، هذا القاموس يحتوي على درجات الراي لكل كلمة. قاعدة البيانات تحتوي كذلك على اسعار العملات المتداولة والتي لها تأثير على تقلبات سعر الذهب منها (سعر الدولار الامريكي، سعر اليورو سعر الذهب الحقيقي) والتي تم تجميعها من مجموعات تداول العملات النقدية من تطبيق الفايبر في السوق الليبية الموازية. نتيجة التدريب حصول على 26 عينة مكونة من أربع متغيرات (سعر الذهب، سعر اليورو، سعر الدولار الامريكي، نتيجة الرأي). يتم استخدام نموذج دعم الاتجاه للتدريب والتنبؤ بسعر الذهب المستقبلي. تم استخدام متوسط نسبة الخطأ المطلق (MAPE) لتقييم أداء النموذج. يعتبر أداء النموذج المقترح مقارنة بالنماذج السابقة جيدا وبأقل معدل خطأ بنسبة (% 1.6MAPE ).
An Assistant System For Blind To Avoid Obstacles Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques
Authors: Almajdoub, R. Almajdoub, R. , Shiba, O. Shiba, O.
Published: September 2024

This study focuses on developing an assistive system for blind individuals for collision avoidance of obstacles by combining artificial intelligence techniques; Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), fuzzy logic control (FLC), and genetic algorithms(GA), This integrated system, named the (NFG) Neural Fuzzy Genetic). The proposed system combines artificial intelligence techniques through detecting and tracking objects, measuring the distance between objects and the blind person, and providing movement guidance using three ultrasonic sensors with FLC and optimization GA. The integration of these technologies offers an innovative solution to enhance the mobility and safety of blind individuals.Specifically, object detection and tracking are applied through CNN, with an obstacle detection range of up to 40 meters. The obstacle recognition system is trained on the ResNet50 model, which includes 50 million trained images and more than 1,000 obstacle classifications, resulting in high accuracy in identifying and detecting obstacles. When tested, the accuracy of the trainer model reached 99.9%. FLC is then used to provide motor guidance and help make appropriate decisions in the presence of obstacles, navigate safely and independently, and determine movement directions in obstacle-free paths with the help of three sensors.
Applying High-Temperature SuperconducTechnologies into Power Systems
Authors: Mustafa A. Elsherif
Published: September 2024

implementing of distribution and transmission power systems for urban areas and for future renewableenergy to meet future demand is a challenging task whenconventional cables and transformers are considered.Therefore, there are several methods, that have applied inconational power systems to reduce power losses, voltage regulator issues , capital cost of whole system and increasingpower delivering in urban areas and from offshore farms,such as carefully sited and operated distributed generation(DG) and distributed control techniques. However, thesetechniques may raise others challenges in networks such as stability, voltage regulators issues and increasing capital costof networks. Since High Temperature Superconductor(HTS) cables exhibit zero resistance when cooled to theboiling point of liquid nitrogen (77Keliven), they have thepotential to be used to address these issues in distribution and transmission networks. Consequently, this paperreviews super-conductor power systems: the workpreviously achieved in the DC and AC superconductorpower systems and describes the materials and methodswhich they used. In addition, it shows how the superconductor technologies can address these issues whenthey are used for distribution and transmission powe r systems.
Reliability Analysis of Fatigue Crack Growth in Plain Concrete
Authors: Mustafa A. Aldalinsi
Published: September 2024

Civil engineers know that fatigue indicates themajority of structural failures. In plain and reinforced concrete structures, fatigue might account for excessivedeformation, excessive of crack widths, de-bonding ofreinforcement and rupture of the reinforcement, all of thesecan lead to structural collapse. Fatigue crack propagation can be a method to predict a remaining life of structures.Herein some works that have been done will be shown inorder to analyse the fatigue crack growth for plain concretespecimens. The goals of this study are to estimate the criticalcrack length and remaining life of a plain concrete specimen, determine the state of the specimen either havingfailed or being safe using first order reliability method(FORM) and assess which parameter has most influence onthe reliability index
Investigation into Morphology of Cavitation Erosion-Corrosion Pits on the Surface of Carbon Steel
Authors: Salem. A. Karrab
Published: September 2024

Nano-sized films associated with the ring areasformed around micropits in cavitation erosion experimentswere investigated. The corrosion behavior and vibratory cavitation erosion tests of mild carbon steel in 3% NaCldistilled water were carried out. The results showed that thenano-sized films associated with the ring areas formedaround micropits in cavitation and free cavitation tests havea similar shape. The study proved that the nano-structure and the ring areas formed around micropits are the result ofcorrosion effects and not as a result of thermal effectsrelated to the collapse of the bubbles.
A Study Maintenance and Production Problems in Two of Cement Factories in Libya by Using TPM
Authors: Mustafa Mohamed Graisa
Published: September 2024

The principle of this paper is to investigatemaintenance and production problems in the cement factory in Libya with particular emphasis on Total ProductiveMaintenance (TPM). The paper presents the use of casestudy approach of production data and history, field visits.There is no clear TPM strategy and it has been also foundthat the lack of training and personal development is themain cause of this problem. In addition, employees arefound not to be motivated as a result of the lack of poormanagement strategy and reward structure. Based on thefindings, a new framework for TPM has been developed.This TPM strategy could be implemented in other Libyanfactories as a result of the potential similarities in thecultural and environmental aspects. The comparativeanalysis is developed into a model for international strategydesign and implementation. The paper highlights limitationis the cement factories in Libya in relation to TPM andproduction strategies. The importance of adopting arealistic strategy and framework by managers is discussed.This work is developed as collaboration between Academiaand Libyan Cement industry for solving productivityproblems and develop a strategic framework of TPM forimproving the Libyan industry.
Reprocessing of Post-Consumer Material Through Blow Moulding in Benghazi/Libya
Authors: Salah A. Elsheikhi
Published: September 2024

The major aim of this study is to ascertainthe feasibility of using recycled products in form of post-consumer material using different regrind ratios toproduce new products without a significant reduction inproduct quality. Four regrind ratios were used in thisstudy: 0%, 20%, 50% and 100%. The used productswere collected from different public places in Benghazicity-Libya. The properties under investigation are: mass,shrinkage, colour and solid density. The resultsindicated to no remarkable change in the concernedproperties.
Effects on Dimensional Accuracy of Microstereolithographically Machined Parts after Addition of Light Absorber
Authors: M. M. Zabti
Published: September 2024

The paper’s aim is to investigate the influence ofadded light absorber (Tinuvin® 327) on dimension accuracyof three-dimensional (3D) micro-parts manufactured by adynamic mask projection microstereolithography (µSL)system. One of the common problems withstereolithography systems, and particularly with µSL is theuncontrolled cure depth of the UV light when fabricatingdown-facing surfaces. To overcome this problem, lightabsorber is commonly used to control the cure depth. Yetthe influence of light absorber on the dimension accuracy ofmanufactured parts is not fully understood and needs to beinvestigated. This work explores the effect on part accuracyof adding four different concentrations of Tinuvin®327 toPIC-100 acrylate resin without light absorber. A benchmark part has been designed to evaluate the effect of theadded Tinuvin®327 on linear, position, and geometric dimensions. Results show that Tinuvin®327 has significanteffects on part accuracy.
The Status of Occupational Noise in Some Selected Factories on Libya
Authors: Muftah Elammari
Published: September 2024

In this paper occupational noise levels atselected factories were measured and compared with the international permissible levels using the integratingsound level meter (Quest 2800) during the year 2007.The calibration of the instrument was carried out beforeand after each measurement using the acousticcalibrator (Quest CA-12B calibrator). The methodwhich was followed was measuring the sound pressurelevel of the different noise sources over a broadfrequency band covering the audible frequency rangeusing the (Octave band filter, model OB-100),disregarding variation with time.From the obtained results, some noise levels whichwere recorded were within the permissible levels i.e.below 90 dBA and some noise levels were higher thanthe permissible limit as at Janzoor textile factory(95dBA), Benghazi Macaroni factory (100dBA), andnear the air blowers at Zletin cement factory, Benghazicement factory (97-100 dBA) in these cases suggestionswere made to minimize the problem.
Performance Evaluation of a Solar Humidification – Dehumidification Desalination Unit
Authors: Jamal S. Yassin
Published: September 2024

This paper is to investigate the use of solarenergy in desalination by humidification and dehumid-ification process (HD). Here, a proposal for the desalinationunit has been come out with cylindrical shape containing the evaporator in the middle and surrounded by the condenser.The hot feed water coming from the solar thermal system issprayed at the top of the evaporator where the air flowsfrom the bottom. In the evaporator the air is humidified until it gets out saturated, then introduced to the condenser,where it is dehumidified to obtain the fresh water andcirculated back to the evaporator. Practically there aremany parameters influence on the performance of thisdesalination unit, which are environmental, design and operational. In the current study these parameters are takenin consideration to formulate mathematical models whichgovern the performance of the main components of this unit,which are the evaporator, the condenser and the solarthermal system. The deduced mathematical models have been interpreted in many programs in visual basic languageas a computer software. This software contains many pageswhich help in introducing and analyzing the most influentialparameters. In this case many operational parameters havebeen studied such as feed water temperature, mass flow rate and salinity, in addition to cooling water mass flow rate andinlet temperature, as well as quantity of solar irradiancewith others. At these inputs many outputs have beenobtained which are related to the performance of thedesalination unit such as fresh water productivity, energy consumption, humidifier volume, recovery ratio and gainoutput ratio.
Design of SWRO Desalination Plant for Nuclear Research Center
Authors: Albashir KH. Elfaqih
Published: September 2024

Libya has an infinite water resource available inthe coastal towns and cities being located on Mediterranean Sea with 1950km coast. Therefore, the need for desalinatedwater for Nuclear Research Center NRC located in Tajurais currently about 1200 m3/day. To cover the center presentand future water needs for research and developmentactivities, two thermal sea water desalination plants have been assembled in the site. One of the plants uses MultiStage Flash technology and the other one uses Multi EffectDesalination technology with capacity of 1200m/day eachone. Detailed design for 1200m3/day seawater reverseosmosis SWRO unit is carried out using ROSA S oftware to make the technical comparison with other MSF and MEDunits. The unit labeled an S W30XLE-440i by the results ofthe Software is selected since it required the lower feedpressure of 55.5bar and highest salt recovery of 45% with total dissolved solid of 190ppm. From the technical point ofview, the study showed that SWRO required lower seawater inlet flow rate than MSF and MED. The unitsefficiency are 43%, 10.5% and 25% for SWRO, MSF, andMED, respectively. Further the Product quality TDS 190ppm for RO unit is suitable for drinking water, whilethose of MSF and MED 50ppm. Energy consumption asheating steam is not required for the S WRO unit; however,a steam flow rate 7.3m 3/hr is required by MSF and MEDunits. These make SWRO unit friendlier to the environment and most proper technically under these situations.
Magnetic Barkhausen Noise: Aspects of Generation and Modeling
Authors: Mohamed M. Blaow
Published: September 2024

The Magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) techniquemeasures discrete changes in magnetization, known as“Barkhausen jumps”, whi ch can be seen as steps i n the hysteresis curve. When a ferro-magnetic material issubjected to an external varying magnetic field, themagnetization of the material wil l change in a non-linearway. These changes in magnetization are described by thehysteresis curve and are the result of modifications of domain structure of the material. Changes in magnetizationare caused by domain wall creation, domain wallannihilation, domain wall motion and rotation. In order toimprove the interpretation of Barkhausen noise, models areneeded which describe the dependence of magnetization on material properties.
Comparative Study of Artificial Neural Networks and Hidden Markov Model for Financial Time Series Prediction
Authors: Afrah R. Shaaib
Published: September 2024

Financial Time Series analysis and prediction isone of the interesting areas in which past data could be usedto anticipate and predict data an d information about future.There are many artificial intelligence approaches used in theprediction of time series, such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Hidden Markov Models (HMM). In this paperHMM and HMM approaches for predicting financial timeseries are presented. ANN and HMM are used to predicttime series that consists of highest and lowest Forex indexseries as input variable. Both of ANN and HMM are trained on the past dataset of the chosen currencies (such as EURO/USD which is used in this paper). The trained ANN andHMM are used to search for the variable of interestbehavioral data pattern from the past dataset. The obtained results was compared with real values from Forex (ForeignExchange) market database [1]. The power and predictiveability of the two models are evaluated on the basis of MeanSquare Error (MSE). The Experimental results obtained areencouraging, and it demonstrate that ANN and HMM can closely predict the currency market, with a small differentin predicting performance
Web Information Gathering, Which Subtask to Investigate? A User Study
Authors: Anwar Alhenshiri
Published: September 2024

his paper is an attempt to re-identify thesubtasks of the task of information gathering on the webwhich require further research. The study confirms thetypes of subtasks that need further consideration yet with different ordering of significance from what users indicatedin a previous study. The different ordering was concludedbased on the frequency of activities performed within eachsubtask. The study in Alhenshiri , et al. [1] recommendedthat web users performing information gathering tasks should be able to: re-find information from previoussessions for the same task more effectively, should alsohandle multiple sessions more effectively, and they shouldbe able to manage and organize information for the entire task not dispersed parts of it. The research discussed in thismanuscript revisits those recommendations in a user studycomparing a tool designed specifically for informationgathering tasks on the web and the plain browser while usedwith other assisting applications.
A Multimodal Robotic Communication System for Students with Profound and Multiple Disabilities
Authors: Elmunir M. Elgajiji
Published: September 2024

Different researches claim that using a robot toplay with students with profound and multiple disabilitiesmight be a valuable tool to increase the learning curve ofthose students. Robots in schools and in other educationalenvironments is a growing research field and it seems that it is time for technology to transform the education withpeople of special needs similarly to how technology affectedmainstream education. The project focuses on usingdifferent switches plugged in a joybox to send signals toNAO Robot. Each switch caries a certain behavior. JoyBox contains eight numbered connectors and four directionconnectors to move the robot. The paper implements clientserver communication to connect to the robot and be able tosend signals to the robot via the switches connected to theJoyBox. Using the switch enables the users to communicate to NAO independently. This gauntness a deep level ofengagement with the robot, since the robot moves based onthe singles received from the switches. The paper describesthe setup of the client server communication, and the robotknows which behaviour to implement next. This study implements a case study evaluated by only four researchersand staff from Oakfield school to evaluate the software .Thisstudy hopes to be able to assess the needs of school staff toimprove communicational methods for students withprofound and multiple disabilities.
Bending of Sheet Metal (st37) Using 90 Degree to Estimate Blank Dimensions
Authors: M. EM. Abid
Published: September 2024

Several factors must be considered whendesigning parts that are being made by bending. Theprimary factor is minimum radius and angle of bending thatcan be bent successfully without metal cracking. Lowcarbon steel metal (st37), manufactured by Libyan Iron andsteel Company, was used in this study. Various bendingprocesses by Vee die for different radii and calculatethickness were conducted and bending zones were tested tofind the mean radius and calculate the bending allowance.These calculations depend upon the inner bend radius andthickness of the sheet metal. The thickness was reduced andthe neutral axis were moved up in the direction ofcompression side. Form the values of reduction in thicknessand different radii of bending a chart was drawn. Anotherchart was drawn to minimums the process of trial and errorfor estimating the blank length of the bending sheet metal.Form these charts, the initial blank sizes can be determined,so that products can bend without loss and crack in thematerial. As a result time and material can be saved. Theresults of the present study can have practical applicationsfor this material (st37) which is in common use by theLibyan industry.
Analytic Study for 66 kV Sub Transmission System Planning
Authors: Adel Salem Sultan
Published: September 2024

The objective of this paper is to know the operationconditions of the system in terms of power flow, power losses and the weak points of the network. After which, solutionswere proposed for solving such problems. The strategic andmethodology for planning Criteria are chosen in a way thatmatches the general standards. A seventeen years plan isconsidered with short and long term planning applied andcomputed, system model was designed and a simulation forthis model was performed using NEPLAN software. A strategicplan for the 17 year next for 66 kV sub-transmission networkhas been obtained. The targeted network consists of four ringsfed from four 220KV feeding points and capable of providingan expected total demand of 253 MW.
Nucleation Stages of Isothermal Transformation in Titanium and Titanium Free Micro-Alloyed Steels
Authors: Abdulnaser Hamza Fadel
Published: September 2024

This work is focused on nucleation stages during isothermal austenite transformation in two types ofVanadium micro-alloyed steels. Isothermal treatment wascarried out in the temperature range 350 to 600C.Metallographic evaluation using optical and scanningelectron microscopy (SEM) enabled determination of thenucleation curves of isothermally decomposed austenite.Three curves are found to be relevant to this initiation stageof transformation: first curve is related to grain boundarynucleated ferrite (GBF), second curve is related to intragranularly
nucleated ferrite (IGF) and the third to pearlite(P) curve. GBF and IGF curves are divided into two regions,which represents the high temperature and the lowtemperature segments as consequence of either displacivenature of transformation or diffusion transformation.Addition of Ti to V – micro-alloyed steel in this work seemsto be balanced by a slightly higher C and Mn content,leading to limited effect on nucleation stage of austenitedecomposition.
Perturbation-based Extremum Seeking Control Design for a Class of Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Abdulhakim Daluom
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we try to address the problem of output (performance) function by applying the Perturbation-based Extremum Seeking Control (PESC) approach to the observer of the Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) nonlinear systems. In this work, PESC is applied so that the performance function can reach its maximum value. We apply tow controllers design that will take care of maximizing of the cost function. First controller is designed in the availability of full and unknown variables which are fed to the objective function, and the second controller is designed when the full state availability is removed, and these variables become known by applying the High Gain Observer (HGO) model to estimate the system variables. The construction of a seeking algorithm is used to drive the system variables and the observer output to the desired set-points that maximize the value of an objective (performance) function. In addition, Lyapunov's stability theorem and the perturbation theory including the averaging method are used in the design of the extremum seeking controller structure to check the stability of the system. Finally, the simulation results show the performance of the proposed procedures.
Web Application and Emulation for Traffic Monitoring Using Simulation Tool
Authors: Laila Abdullah Esmeda
Published: September 2024

In modern times, significance of mobile service sector progressed so fast in the world and it is major phenomenon in the development of telecommunications field. Wireless technology has got the ability to develop new communications systems, multimedia services and others. Related to the continued growth of the vehicular industry and the increasing needed of road safety a new concept in the communications field was born: vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET). Vehicular sensor network (VSNET) is a promising technology, which combines wireless communication offered by vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) with sensing devices installed in vehicles. VSNET generates opportunity to develop the road-side sensor infrastructure of current Traffic Monitoring Systems (TMS). VANETs are getting more and more attention from car manufacturers and governments both because of the wide-range of applications and services they can provide, such as car assistance, road safety systems, crash avoidance, Internet access, etc. This paper provides a simulation and emulation study of the proposed platform design which focuses on the possibility of the use of simulation tools to help build and develop an effective traffic monitoring system, so this system provides useful information for both: the vehicle driver and the authorized person at the traffic control center in order to contribute reduce the negative effects of traffic congestion. A web application design and the simulation and emulation process is presented and open source simulator tool is used for this study namely-NCTUns-6.0 (National Chiao Tung University Network Simulator).
ISO 9001 Certification Gap Analysis: Case Study of a Libyan Organization
Authors: Abdulfatah A. ALTUMI
Published: September 2024

This work aims to carry out an analytical study of a Libyan organization, analyzing its management system then comparing it with international standard ISO 9001:2000, showing the differences and setting-out improvements of work program taking into consideration the following: Assessment of the existing system of the selected organization. Finding-out the weak areas in the QMS of the selected organization. Setting-out necessary procedures needed for the system improvement showing lack of manpower as well as work procedure. Identify the difference ratio existing between the organization and the requirements of the international standard.This work is expected to enable and improve the selected organization and to qualify it in order to obtain the ISO 9001:2000 certification, presuming that the results and comments have been followed precisely.
A Case Study on Caustic Corrosion in Refinery Piping
Authors: Salem Ali Karrab
Published: September 2024

Caustic soda is received from supplier with concentration about 48% and stored at main storage tank and transferred intermittently to the refinery process unit's neutralization tanks at same concentration. Dilution is taking place at these tanks. In order to prevent caustic soda from freezing and /or crystallization (winterization) in intermittent transferring piping, it was kept warm by means of steam tracing and insulation together.Failure of carbon steel piping by caustic stress corrosion cracking (embrittlement) and caustic gouging has been a recurring problem, several repairs attempts were made without success using patch plates and/or temporary clamps. Some parts were totally replaced with schedule 80 piping but suffer failures within 12 months.Close observation of the corroded locations reveals severe grooving along the length of pipe at 3 & 9 o'clock positions where steam tracing line is touching the pipes due to braking of fixation clamps.Several measures were recommended, these include avoidance of hot spots by steam tracing; avoidance of temperature increase during idle condition and redesigning the distribution piping in order to transfer caustic solution with concentration not more than (33%).
Neural Network Approach to Cutting Tools Selection
Authors: Saleh M. Amaitik
Published: September 2024

Cutting tools selection is a key issue in today's research of computer aided process planning (CAPP). Traditionally, this task is carried out by process planners and knowledge base systems. Recently, process planners have started using newer artificial intelligent techniques, such as neural networks, fuzzy logic, intelligent agents, etc. to model cutting tools. In this study, the problem of cutting tools selection for milling and drilling operations is investigated. A neural network model is proposed to select the needed cutting tools and their geometry based feature type and machining operation. Feature type, feature condition, dimension ratio, feature taper and machining operation are presented to the network for each feature as input parameters. The network selects the required cutting tool. The advantage and effectiveness of the proposed model are verified through a several types of machining features
Material Reprocessing Through Blow Molding in Misurata - Libya
Authors: Salah A. Elsheikhi
Published: September 2024

The major aim of this study is to ascertain the feasibility of using recycled products in the form of post-consumer material using different regrind ratios to produce new products without a significant reduction in product quality. Five regrind ratios were used in this study: 0%, 20%, 50%, 80% and 100%. The used products were collected from different public places in Misurata city-Libya. The properties under investigation are mass, shrinkage, color, and solid density. The results indicated to no remarkable change in the concerned properties.
Mass Transfer Performance of a Rotating Spiral: Comparison with Conventional Contacting Methods
Authors: Jordan M. MacInnes
Published: September 2024

Previous work by the authors develops a novel technology for counter-current contacting of immiscible fluid phases based on a rotating spiral channel. The work has established theoretical modelling allowing prediction of mass transfer rates for physical absorption and desorption of dilute solute species and has verified the main hydrodynamic elements of the theory, with experimental measurements over a wide range of flow rates and liquid viscosity. A key feature of rotating spiral contacting is that the relative thicknesses of the phase layers is constant throughout the contacting process and, along with the relative phase flow rates, can be varied regardless of phase and solute properties to produce optimum conditions for the contacting. It has been shown that there are two criteria that determine the optimum. First, the flow rate ratio of the phases is matched to the equilibrium distribution of the solute between the two phases, so that sufficient solvent phase flows to allow full removal of solute from the processed stream. Second, the relative layer thicknesses should maximise specific throughput, i.e. the flow rate of the processed stream per device volume. These ideas of optimum contacting guide a comparison here of recent mass transfer data for the spiral with corresponding literature data for the packed column and rotating packed bed.
Performance Evaluation of Solar Photovoltaic Thermal Air Collector Based on Energy and Exergy Analysis
Authors: A.M. Shaneb
Published: September 2024

This work presents a comprehensive parametric study of thermal and electrical performance of four different designs of photovoltaic/ thermal air heaters (PV/T) based on energy and exergy analysis. The results are compared to that from the conventional design of flat duct PV/T. The main goal of these designs is to enhance the heat transfer inside the air duct and consequently to increase the system's electrical power output. A computer simulation program has been developed in order to calculate the electrical and thermal PV/T collector parameters. The results indicate that an increase of 52, 52.4, and 68.25 % in the total system efficiency has been achieved from the corrugated duct, double pass design and finned duct respectively. Furthermore, at a low mass flow rates the electrical efficiency has also been improved for the three types by 9.8, 14.6 and 12.6 % respectively compared to that of flat duct design. The temperature of the PV arrays has a major effect on the exergy efficiency and removing heat from the PV module keeps the net power output at satisfactory level.
How Students Choose Their Majors in Information Technology
Authors: Anwar Alhenshiri
Published: September 2024

this research summarizes the results of a study conducted at the Faculty of Information Technology at Misurata University. The study was a survey intended to clarify the motivation behind students’ choices of their majors at the faculty. The aim was to understand the reasons behind the overwhelming demand on some departments and the students’ reluctance to join some other departments. The study showed that not only does the numbers of current students differ widely among the different departments, but also the number of expected students. The study also showed that students are only affected by their colleagues with regard to choosing a major
Using Analytical Hierarchy Process to Select the Best Power Generation Technology in Libya
Authors: Suleiman A. Aljamel
Published: September 2024

Selection of an appropriate power generation technology is a complex process. Because it is necessary to consider and take into account a wide range of parameters. The investment in the power generation field is too costly while resources are limited. This paper presents the determination of these parameters, which influence the selection of power generation technology in particular for developing countries. This paper answers the question of the best suitable technology for Libya because the investment in this field is so costly and making a wrong decision is not allowed, otherwise it will consume the big margin of the initial budget. Four main criteria are included, that is economic, environmental, technical and social. A sub-criteria are also included to support this decision. The performances of six technologies of a power generation are evaluated by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) using expert choice software and the best technology is selected. The results showed that the solar photovoltaic power generation is the best technology. By means of the sensitivity analysis, it was found that the best alternative is not sensitive to a change in the weights estimated by the AHP.
Determination of Activation Energy For Static Re-Crystallization in Nb- Ti Low Carbon Micro Alloyed Steel
Authors: Abdulnaser Hamza Fadel
Published: September 2024

Data required for calculation the static re-crystallization kinetics have been evaluated from laboratory simulations. Series of two hit isothermal tests were conducted on high temperature torsion machine. These tests were conducted on four different temperatures and using inter-pass times between 0.5 and 5s with aim to investigate the influence of thermal activation on static re-crystallization. All tests were conducted on temperatures over TNR temperature, i.e. in temperature range in which all niobium is present only in solid solution. Method of evaluation of re-crystallization fraction was mechanical metallography, i.e. evaluation based on shape of each stress- strain curve. The fraction softening was calculated for all temperatures, together with avrami exponent, nA, and activation energy for re-crystallization, QSRX. Activation energy for static re-crystallization QSRX  281 KJ/mol and avrami exponent nA  1 determined in this work are in excellent agreement with previously reported data.
Nucleation Stages Onset and Intra-granular Ferrite Morphologies in Titanium Free Micro-Alloyed Steel
Authors: Abdulnaser Hamza Fadel
Published: September 2024

The aim of this work is focused on nucleation stages with emphasis on the development of intra-granular ferrite morphologies during isothermal austenite transformation in titanium free micro-alloyed steel. Isothermal treatment was carried out in the temperature range 350 to 600οC. These treatments were interrupted at different times between 2 and 1800 s in order to analyze the evolution of the microstructure. Metallographic evaluation was done by using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) enabled determination of the nucleation onset at all treatments and subsequent on the development of intra-granular ferrite of isothermally treated Ti free micro-alloyed steel. The results show that at high temperatures ( 500  C) polygonal intra-granularly nucleated ferrite idiomorphs, combined with grain boundary ferrite and pearlite were produced and followed by an incomplete transformation phenomenon, At intermediate temperatures (450 and 500  C) an interlocked acicular ferrite (AF) microstructure is produced, and at low temperatures (400 and 350  C) the sheave of parallel acicular ferrite plates, similar to bainitic sheaves but intra-granularly nucleated were observed. In addition to sheaf type acicular ferrite, the grain boundary nucleated bainitic sheaves are observed.
Transient Stability of Synchronous Generator Connected to Micro Combined Heat and Power
Authors: Adel Hamad Rafa
Published: September 2024

Micro Combined Heat and Power (Micro CHP) refers to small-scale installations that generate heat, electricity or both connected to the low voltage distribution network at the customer side. Although the connection of the Micro CHP to the low-voltage distribution networks improves security of supply, there are many operational challenges such as stability and control. This paper study the stability of synchronous generator connected to reciprocating engine as one type of Micro CHP. Also, a several studies have been done to investigate the response of Small scale embedded generation (SSEG) to a range of network faults and thereby ascertain the range of conditions under which SSEG might be expected to trip. Many of these may be regarded as nuisance trips when the action of network protection does not isolate the SSEG from a mains supply. Any protection associated with the SSEG has not been included in order to demonstrate inherent capability and response. The critical clearing time (CCT) is used to indicate the stability of the SSEG. In this investigation the CCT of the SSEG is calculated and simulated using Power Systems Computer Aided Design PSCAD/EMTDC as well as from the mathematical calculations.
تصنيع مجمع شمسي تركيزي ذو قطع مكافئ مركب واختبار أداءه تحت الظروف المناخية لمدينة مصراتة
Authors: محمد بلعيد الشاوش  , محمد الريح علي  , خالد الصادق البهلول
Published: September 2024

الملخص العملل لرتلرات طويللة دو الحاجلة للع تتبلع داةلا لحركلة الشلم عللع -طول اليوا هو م الصرات المرغوبة في المركزات الشمسية وذلك للتعقيدات التيتضلليرها أنظمللة التتبللع وملل ثللا التكلرللة العاليللة فللي تصللنيعها. فللي هللذا البحلل تللاتصلميا وتصلنيع مجملع شمسلي تركيلزي ذو قطلع مكللافئ مركلب بمسلتقبل مسلل طحيمكنه الاسترادة مل الاشلعاعات الشمسلية السلاقطه عليله دو الحاجلة لنظلاا تتبلعشمسي. تا التصنيع حسب الإمكانيات والمواد المتوفرة في السوق المحلي، كما تاالتحقق م أداء المجمع الشمسي تحت الظروف المناخية لمدينة مصلراتة ليبيلا. –.% النتللاةا اظهللرت أنلله بالإمكللا الحصللول علللع كرللاءة جيللده قللد تصللل لللع 06واستنادا لع كلرة التصنيع لهذا المجمع و لع بساطة تركيبه، فإ تصنيع مثل هلذهالمجمعات محليلا واسلتخدامها فلي التطبيقلات المتعلددة للتحويلل الحلراري يعلد املرامشجعا.
Effect of Heat Exposure Time on Tensile Properties in Cold Rolled Steel
Authors: Ali M. Alzreedy
Published: September 2024

This paper presents the effect of heat exposure time on tensile strength of cold rolled specimens. Welding and process annealing are applied to the specimens to investigate their implications. The two processes involve heat and time but in differential amounts. In welding the temperature raises to levels far beyond the melting point of the specimens and cools quickly. The case is different in process anneal the specimen temperature increases slowly to the subcritical level and cools slowly after a specific soaking time. Welded and process annealed in the form of tensile specimens are tested in the tensile machine until fracture. The test results showed that welding and process annealing caused a decrease in yield strength by one third and almost two thirds respectively compared with the as rolled. The fracture of the welded specimen was localized at the heat affected zone near the weld line but was random in all other specimens. Percentage elongation was lowest in the welded specimen compared with other patches of specimens.