bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Normal Range of Osmotic Fragility of Red Blood Cells
Authors: Godal H. C. , Elde A. T. , Nyborg N. , Brosstad F.
Published: August 2010

With the technique of Parpart et al (1947), the normal range for osmotic fragility of red blood cells has been estimated to include 5%–45% haemolysis at a salt concentration corresponding to 4.5 g NaCl/1 (Dacie 1954). This estimate may be questioned, however. Thus, nearly 20% of the data obtained from 50 presumably healthy subjects fell outside these limits. Furthermore, the distribution pattern was very asymmetric with erroneously small standard deviation. On the other hand, if the technical conditions (salt concentration, buffer) were properly adjusted, nearly all the observations were located within the straight part of the s‐shaped haemolysis curve and scattered symmetrically around the mean. Under these conditions, the normal range (mean ± 2 SD) included 22%–88% haemolysis. Moreover, this wider range included about 95% of the observations, even adapted to the original experimental situation. The present estimates should therefore replace earlier statements in the literature.
Platelet Production Time in Surgery
Authors: Burton I. E. , Griffin B. D. , Roberts B. E. , Mcmahon M. J.
Published: August 2010

A study of platelet production time in major surgery is described. This was equated to the time taken for renewal of maximum malondialdehyde (MDA) activity in blood platelets following suppression by a single dose of aspirin (Stuart et al 1975). The method was simplified by using EDTA disodium salt as an anticoagulant instead of citrate, resuspending platelets with small bar magnets, and reducing time of incubation with thiobarbituric acid reagent from 1 h to 15 min.

Results for maximum platelet renewal taken to be the time to achieve a pre‐aspirin baseline level were median in surgery 6.3 (3.8–9.2) d and controls 7.0 (6.2–12.5) d. Using the modified method, average baseline malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were 6.2 ± 1.4 nmol/109 platelets in surgical patients and 6.34 ± 1.2 nmol/109 platelets in controls.

Platelet production time determination using this method is not strictly analogous compared with survival of 51Cr‐labelled platelets and it however warrants further study.
Ageing of Blood in Hereditary Spherocytosis
Authors: Little Clive , Rumsby Martin G.
Published: August 2010

Blood from 5 patients suffering from hereditary spherocytosis (HS) was stored in acid‐citrate‐dextrose anticoagulant at 4°C for up to 6 weeks. The erythrocyte morphology and susceptibility to lysis by phospholipase C (Bacillus cereus) were examined at 2‐weekly intervals and compared with erythrocytes from 6 different donations of stored normal blood. The hereditary spherocytes went through essentially the same series of morphological changes as did normal erythrocytes. Fresh hereditary spherocytes were very resistant to lysis by phospholipase C, but, like normal erythrocytes, became progressively more susceptible to lysis upon storage. In terms of erythrocyte morphological changes and development of susceptibility to lysis by the enzyme, blood from HS patients aged less rapidly than did normal blood. Splenectomy appeared to have no marked effect on the storage properties of blood from these patients as indicated by erythrocyte morphology and susceptibility to lysis by phospholipase C.
Pre‐Morbid Factors in Hodgkin's Disease III.
Authors: Isager Henrik , Larsen Svend
Published: August 2010

The question whether there is more school contact among patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) than expected by chance, suggesting that the disease might be transmissible, has been the object of several recent studies.

Our study was based on the birth cohort 1930–1950 from the register of records from the school health service of the Copenhagen City Council. The cohort contains about 198000 persons, and 65 of these had developed HD before age 40 years and in the period 1943–1975. For 62 patients, 3 matched controls for each were selected in the register, and for the remaining 3 patients at least 1 control for each was found. We analysed 36 combinations of contact measures and subsamples, and found no excess of school contact in patients relative to controls. The finding adds to the evidence against the hypothesis that HD is transmitted at school age from one future patient to another, or from a small pool of carriers.
Importance of Ascorbic Acid in the Absorption of Iron from Infant Foods
Authors: Derman D. P. , Bothwell T. H. , MacPhail A. P. , Torrance J. D. , Bezwoda W. R. , Charlton R. W. , Mayet F. G. H.
Published: August 2010

The absorption of fortification iron from an infant milk formula and from 3 infant cereals was studied in 121 multiparous women. The mean absorption was less than 3.2% when no added ascorbic acid was present. The nature of the iron compound added to infant cereals did not seem to influence the amount absorbed. Absorption was significantly improved when ascorbic acid was added, the mean increase being threefold with an iron:ascorbic ratio of 1:1.5 molar and more than sixfold with a ratio of 1:3 molar (about 10 mg ascorbic acid per mg iron).
Fc and C3 Receptors as Membrane Differentiation Markers of Acute Myelogenous Leukaemia Cells
Authors: Harlozinska Antonina , Potomski Jozef , Noworolska Anna , Becker Malgorzata , Richter Roman
Published: August 2010

Acute myelogenous leukaemia cells (AML) and cells of chronic myelogenous leukaemia blast crisis (CGL‐CB) were examined for the presence of receptors for Fc IgG fragment (FcR), receptors for the complement components (CR1 and CR2), and the surface immunoglobulins including the light kappa and lambda type chains. The leukaemia blasts were found to be the cells poor in receptors and poorly differentiated. As a rule, they contained very small amount of detectable FcR, CR2, and CR1. Analysis of AML cell populations separated on the discontinuous density gradient revealed that the appearance of FcR was followed by CR2 and CR1. The CGL‐CB cells were more differentiated immunologically since, in comparison with the AML cells, in greater percentage they expressed the FcR, and the receptors for complement. Assays for surface immunoglobulins indicated that they were not an active product of the leukaemic blasts, but rather exogenous in origin.
Sideroblasts and Haemosiderin in Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Lahtinen Reino
Published: August 2010

Bone marrow sideroblasts and haemosiderin were studied in 19 thyrotoxic patients before therapy and in the euthyroid state. The proportion of sideroblasts and the amount of haemosiderin were significantly higher in the hyperthyroid than in the euthyroid phase. Pathological sideroblasts with coarse perinuclear iron granules were found before therapy but not in the euthyroid phase. It is concluded that during thyrotoxicosis the supply of iron into erythroblasts is greater than the amount used for haemoglobin synthesis.
Extreme Potassium Loss in a Patient with Severe Graft Versus Host Disease
Authors: Tricot G. J. K. , Zwaan F. E. , Kauffmann R. H. , Jansen J. , Haak H. L.
Published: August 2010

A 19‐year‐old male, suffering from post‐hepatitis aplastic anaemia, was transplanted with bone marrow cells from his HLA‐identical, MLC non‐reactive brother. Haematological recovery ensued, but the patient also developed grade IV graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). In addition to involvement of skin, liver and gut, the kidney seemed affected by GVHD since the patient had hypokalaemia and severe hyperkaluria. Other causes of urinary potassium loss were excluded. The amount of potassium loss correlated well with the severity of the GVH‐reaction. Although coagulation disorders prohibited a kidney biopsy, the clinical course suggested GVHD to be the cause of the urinary potassium loss.
Circulating Haematopoietic Stem Cells (CFUc) in Healthy and Diseased Pre‐Term Infants
Authors: Prindull G. , Albani M. , Prindull B. , Schröter W.
Published: August 2010

During fetal life, haematopoiesis is in a physiologic state of rapid expansion. The activity of the pluripotent haematopoietic stem cell compartment of the bone marrow probably is reflected by the number and proliferative potentiality of CFUc in the blood circulation. We have studied, by the methylcellulose culture technique and without addition of exogenous colony stimulating factor (CSF), blood CFUc in pre‐term and full‐term newborn infants, in full‐term infants 10 to 17 d of age, and in adults. Two groups of pre‐term infants were studied: otherwise healthy infants and sick infants, including infants small‐for‐date and in perinatal distress. In healthy pre‐term infants and in full‐term infants 147 ± 25 (SD) and 105 ± 41 (SD) colonies per 100000 lymphoid cells were formed, respectively. This is clear evidence for the presence in the blood of both, CFUc and CSF producing cells. By contrast, there was no or only slight spontaneous colony formation by sick pre‐term infants, by older infants, and by adults.
Platelet Lesion of Collection
Authors: Mccue John P. , Stevens David J. , Kermon Vivian L. , Ashe Michol C. S. , Heim Lyle R.
Published: August 2010

In the early stages of blood collection for transfusion, whole blood is subjected to trauma from the anticoagulant. The blood – anticoagulant mixture does not attain a pH at which platelets can remain functional (approximately pH 6.0) until about 25% of the unit has been collected. We have examined platelet ultrastructure and in vitro aggregation responses to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and epinephrine (EPN), to assess the platelet trauma of collection into citrate‐phosphate‐dextrose. For comparison blood was collected by 2 methods: one was conventional (CC), the other metered anticoagulant into the blood as it was collected (MC). Platelets from CC blood showed disruption of organelles and depletion of the dense bodies, whereas platelets from MC blood showed no ultrastructural damage. In addition, biphasic aggregation in response to ADP or EPN was seen in MC platelets but not in CC platelets.
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time
Authors:   Italian (C.I.S.M.E.L.) Study Group, Ciavarella N. , Coccheri S. , Mannucci P. M. , Canciani M. Teresa , Mariani G. , Mori P. G. , Orlando Maria , Tentori L. , Ponari O.
Published: August 2010

An internationally standardized preparation and 10 commercial kits widely used to perform the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were compared in 4 laboratories for the purpose of assessing their ability to detect mild deficiencies of factor VIII activity. The participating laboratories were asked to carry out with each APTT reagent quadruplicate readings of 3 coded lyophilized plasmas containing varying levels of factor VIII (109, 26 and 17 U/dl respectively). An analysis of variance of clotting times showed significant differences between reagents and laboratories. All the reagents detected the abnormality of the plasma containing 17 U/dl, whereas a number of failures were found when the plasma with 26 U/dl was tested. When analysis of variance was carried out on ratios of factor‐VIII deficient to normal plasma clotting times, the results showed less difference between laboratories and reagents. Clotting times of plasma with normal factor VIII level (109 U/dl) usually fell within the normal range indicated by manufacturers of the commercial reagents.
Effect of Ouabain on Osmotic Resistance and Monovalent Cation Transport of Red Cells in Hereditary Spherocytosis
Authors: Johnsson Riitta , Salminen Simo
Published: August 2010

The effect of ouabain on the osmotic resistance of red cells from 17 splenectomized patients with congenital or hereditary spherocytosis (HS), from 5 of their relatives suspected of having a subclinical form of the disease and from unsplenectomized and splenectomized normal controls was studied. In red cells from the HS patients and the splenectomized controls a small ouabain‐induced decrease in osmotic resistance was seen, whereas in the unsplenectomized controls no such change was observed. The osmotic resistance of red cells from the 5 relatives, on the other hand, was significantly decreased by ouabain. The usefulness of ouabain in unmasking HS in its subclinical form was further tested by studying monovalent cation influx into red cells. The active influx of 86Rb+ into red cells from HS sufferers was significantly increased. A similar degree of ouabain‐induced inhibition of 86Rb+ transport was seen in all groups studied. The passive influx of 22Na+, which was also increased in HS red cells, was not affected by ouabain in any of the four groups.
Alpha‐Tocopherol and Cardiac Toxicity of Iron
Authors: Lindvall S. , Rydén L. , Smedgård P. , Swedberg B.
Published: August 2010

At the onset of disturbances of cardiac rhythm after a 7th injection of iron sorbitol to a patient with severe malabsorption syndrome an extremely low level of alpha‐tocopherol in serum – 0.04 mg per 100 ml serum – was observed. The clinical manifestations are interpreted as a possible consequence of the depletion of the vitamin, a natural scavenger of free radicals. The possible importance of alpha‐tocopherol in preventing the toxic effect of iron on the apparently very sensitive myocardium after parenteral iron to patients with severe malabsorption syndrome is discussed.
Lithium and T Cell Colonies
Authors: Fernandez L. A. , MacSween J. M.
Published: August 2010

In humans, therapeutic doses of lithium causes granulocytosis and lymphopenia. In vitro increased numbers of colony forming units (CFU‐GM) are observed. The effect of lithium on lymphocyte colonies is unknown. We grew T cell colonies from normal individuals and patients who were on lithium only and found that T cell colony numbers were decreased in patients who were taking lithium. Recent evidence suggests that there is a PRECURSOR common to the granulocytic and lymphocytic cell lines. Since lithium causes increased granulocytic colonies and seems to decrease lymphocyte colonies we propose that lithium may have an effect on the precursor cell resulting in preferentially shifting maturation from the lymphocytic to the granulocytic series.
Studies on the Mechanism of the Erythrocyte Enzyme Abnormalities Induced by Chemotherapy
Authors: Etiemble Jeanne , Picat Christiane , Boivin Pierre
Published: August 2010

With the aim of determining the possible mechanisms of the red cell enzyme deficiencies induced by chemotherapy, deficient red cell glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G‐6‐PD), pyruvate kinase (PK) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) from 17 patients were purified and characterized.

In all cases G‐6‐PD showed normal kinetics, electrophoretic mobility and thermostability suggesting that a decreased enzyme synthesis was possible for the deficient enzyme activity.

In each case studied, at least one of the PK properties was modified, either in affinity for phosphoenol pyruvate, thermal stability or electrophoretic mobility, indicating a primary or secondary molecular abnormality. In some patients PFK had significantly increased affinity for citrate inhibitor; however, neither the quantity nor quality of the M subunits seemed to be altered.

Thus it appears that chemotherapy can induce qualitative as well as quantitative red cell enzyme abnormalities by different mechanisms. These are similar to those observed in spontaneous leukaemia and preleukaemic states. Such a similarity poses the question of whether or not the red cell enzyme abnormalities induced by chemotherapy could be considered as the first sign of secondary leukaemia due to treatment by oncostatic drugs.
Is Staging Laparotomy of Therapeutic Value in Patients with Supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin's Disease, Clinical Stage IA‐IIA?
Authors: Abrahamsen A. Foss , Høst H. , Jørgensen O. G.
Published: August 2010

Between 1968 and 1972, 123 patients with clinical stage (CS) IA and IIA Hodgkin's disease were seen. Staging laparotomy was introduced in June 1970. The impact of staging laparotomy on the prognosis has been evaluated by comparing the treatment results before and after the introduction of this procedure. The patients were treated only on the basis of CS before staging laparotomy, and mainly on the basis of pathological stage (PS) after the introduction of this procedure. Patients with stage IA to IIIA disease received radiotherapy alone with the extended field techniques, while patients with stage IVA disease had combination chemotherapy. After an observation time of 7 years there was no difference in survival between the two groups. The relapses occurred earlier in the patients treated after the introduction of staging laparotomy. It is shown that the survival is unaffected by staging laparotomy in the patients with Hodgkin's disease CS IA and IIA.
INCIDENCE AND PREVENTION OF ARTERIAL THROMBOEMBOLIC COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH PROSTHETIC HEART VALVES
Authors: DALE J. , MYHRE E.
Published: August 2010

Early and late arterial thromboembolic complications were evaluated in 253 patients with two types of Starr‐Edwards aortic ball valves on average three years after operation. The incidence is high postoperatively, and in the late course 7.0 episodes were diagnosed per 100 patients per year, 11.1 in patients with the older valve type 1200 and 4.3 with type 2300. The incidence was not reduced by time after operation, and not prevented by adequate anticoagulation. In 196 patients who had received Bjørk‐Shiley or Lillehei‐Kaster disc valves, an equally high early incidence was found. In the late course of implantation the incidence was 5.6 with Bjørk‐Shiley and 6.1 with Lillehei‐Kaster valves. Valve thrombosis with impaired disc movement represented a particularly serious complication for disc valve patients, occurring in four and causing two deaths.

In a randomized, prospective double‐blind study 148 patients received either one gm. ASA daily in combination with anticoagulants, or anticoagulants and placebo. In the placebo group, 12 arterial thromboembolic complications occurred in 10 patients, causing three deaths. In the combined group only two slight episodes occurred. Even if the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding was higher when ASA was used, the much better protection against serious thromboembolic complications makes this an acceptable price to pay.

ASA alone was tested in a pilot study in 77 patients for six months, and had a poor preventive effect in patients with fibrillation, but is possible as an alternative to anticoagulation in some patients with sinus rhythm.

Arterial thromboembolism represents a serious problem in patients with prosthetic heart valves 0). The thrombi that usually form on the valve itself may disturb valve function (1) and give rise to cerebral emboli (1). While improvement in design has produced valves with very good hemodynamic function arterial thromboembolic complications represent unresolved problems. Therefore the thrombogenic properties constitute a main determinant for valve selction, and evaluation and research in prevention of thromboembolism are important.
In Vitro and In Vivo Studies on Filter Collected Granulocytes
Authors: Arnold R. , Pflieger H. , Wiesneth M. , Bhaduri S. , Bultmann B. , Heimpel H.
Published: August 2010

The in vitro function of granulocytes collected by filtration leukapheresis after premedication of donors with dexamethasone was found to be normal. In vivo studies were performed in a 21‐year‐old woman who was transplanted with allogeneic bone marrow for severe aplastic anaemia. The patient received granulocyte transfusions for treatment of septicaemia during the transplantation period. On 11 consecutive days an average dose of 7.2 times 1010 granulocytes/ d was given. Under this therapy remission of fever occurred. On d 6 after bone marrow transplantation, the patient died from cardiac failure. Transfused granulocytes were found ante mortem in a pericardial effusion and post mortem in lungs, kidneys, liver and spleen. The data indicate that filter collected granulocytes function normally in the recipient and are clinically effective.
Acquired Trisomy 12 and Absent Y Chromosome in a Patient with Acute Undifferentiated Leukaemia
Authors: Najfeld Vesna , Thorning David , Doney Kristine C. , Fialkow Philip J.
Published: August 2010

A 60‐year‐old man developed pancytopenia and then acute leukaemia. The neoplastic cells in marrow were undifferentiated by electron microscopy and by immunological and cyto‐chemical markers. The only other cells present in marrow were lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and non‐haematopoietic elements. Prior to chemotherapy, cytogenetic analysis of marrow cells showed two karyotypically distinct cell populations, one with 45,X,‐Y and the other with a 46,X,‐Y, + 12 karyotype. All marrow cells stimulated by protein‐A from staphylococcus aureus were 46,X,‐Y, + 12. Phytohaemagglutinin‐stimulated cells were normal, 46,XY. These findings suggest strongly that most of the undifferentiated leukaemic cells were missing the Y chromosome. A subpopulation of these leukaemic cells also had trisomy 12. These observations and previously published findings suggest that trisomy 12 occurs non‐randomly in haematological disorders, and in particular, may be associated with B‐lymphoid malignancy.
Monocyte‐Mediated Antibody‐Dependent Cytotoxicity Modulation by Glycolysis and Insulin
Authors: Kragballe Knud , Beck‐Nielsen Henning , Pedersen Oluf , Ellegaard Jørgen , Sørensen Niels Schwartz
Published: August 2010

In suspensions of purified human monocytes from 14 healthy persons the antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), the lactate release, and the glucose uptake were studied. In non‐stimulated monocytes ADCC correlated with lactate release and glucose uptake. Following addition of insulin a dose‐related rise in ADCC, lactate release, and glucose uptake was observed. For each of the three processes the maximal insulin effect was about 30%. Most of the stimulation was seen within the physiological concentration range of insulin, and the insulin concentration resulting in 50 % of the maximal effect was nearly the same for ADCC, lactate release, and glucose uptake (about 100 pM). The insulin stimulation of ADCC correlated with the stimulation of lactate release and glucose uptake. An inverse correlation between the ADCC of non‐stimulated monocytes and the insulin stimulation of ADCC was demonstrated. No relationship was found between monocyte maturity and any of the three variables of monocyte function, either with or without insulin. These results indicate that, for normal monocytes, the cytotoxic capacity is closely related to the glycolysis.
High‐Affinity Folate Binding in Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia Serum, Relationship of Binding Characteristics to Activity of Disease and Binder Concentration
Authors: Holm Jan , Hansen Steen Ingemann , Lyngbye Jørgen
Published: August 2010

High‐affinity binding of [3H]folate to chronic myelogenous leukaemia serum displayed positive co‐operativity. There seemed to be a relationship between the concentration level of binder in serum and the activity of the disease in the sense that the serum level of binder during remission fell to a value similar to that of normal serum. This was accompanied by a shift from positive co‐operativity to the binding type of normal serum, i.e. negative co‐operativity. The data support the hypothesis that the different characteristics of high‐affinity folate binding in chronic myelogenous leukaemia and normal serum are related to parallel differences in the serum level of binder.
Acquired Aplastic Anaemia in Children Treated with Corticosteroids and Anabolic Steroids
Authors: Gustafsson Göran , Kreuger Anders , Sjölin Stig
Published: August 2010

30 children with acquired aplastic anaemia are presented. The mortality rate was 60%. The period of observation exceeded 8 years for 10 patients. The importance of long control and the timely conclusion of therapy are emphasized. Prognostic criteria and alternatives to steroid therapy are discussed.
Granulocyte Progenitor Compartments after Allogeneic Bone Marrow Grafts
Authors: Faille A. , Maraninchi D. , Gluckman E. , Devergie A. , Balitrand N. , Ketels F. , Dresch C.
Published: August 2010

Bone marrow granulocyte colony forming cells (CFU‐C) were measured in 10 HL'A compatible sibling donor‐recipient pairs. The regeneration of granulocytes and CFU‐C compartments were also studied in order to evaluate haemopoietic recovery. The number of nucleated bone marrow cells in the donation was 23 ±4 times 109 cells, which recipients received (3.5 ±0.4) × 108 nucleated cells/kg and (1.19 ±0.32) × 105 CFU‐C/kg. This produced a bone marrow reconstitution of (67 ±26) × 105 CFU‐C/kg by day 30. There was a significant correlation between CFU‐C/kg given and (1) granulocyte count on day 30 (P = < 0.05) and (2) the first day of reappearance of neutrophils in the blood (P = < 0.05). a significant correlation between CFU‐C/kg given and (1) granulocyte count on day 30 (P = < 0.05) and (2) the first day of reappearance of neutrophils in the blood (P = < 0.05). These results indicate that the speed and completeness of granulocyte regeneration can be predicted by measurement of the size of the CFU‐C inoculant in the bone marrow graft.
Granulocyte Transfusions in Acute Leukaemia Regeneration of Granulopoiesis as Determining Factor of Survival
Authors: Pflieger H. , Arnold R. , Bhaduri S. , Dietrich M. , Heimpel H. , Kubane B. , Rasche H. , Wiesneth M.
Published: August 2010

40 patients with acute leukaemia and severe granulocytopenia were treated with granulocyte transfusions for bacteriologically documented or clinically suspected septicaemia. The patients received an average of 5 transfusions each with 2.1 times 1010 granulocytes per m2 body surface area per day. 26 patients showed clinical benefit from transfusion therapy as documented by the course of blood cultures, local lesions and fever. Only patients with regeneration of granulopoiesis had definite benefit from granulocyte transfusions. All other patients died ultimately from septicaemia.
Diagnostic Efficiency of Various Laboratory Tests in the Assessment of Bone Marrow Iron Stores in Patients with Chronic Uraemia
Authors: Milman Nils , Christensen Thomas Elo , Visfeldt Jakob
Published: August 2010

Bone marrow haemosiderin iron was correlated with various laboratory parameters of iron status in order to define a reliable laboratory index of marrow iron stores. Marrow iron, serum iron, plasma transferrin, transferrin saturation, iron absorption, red cell iron incorporation and serum ferritin were measured in 21 non‐dialysed, 20 peritoneal dialysed and 34 haemodialysed patients with chronic uraemia. Diagnostic accuracy of the laboratory tests in terms of diagnosing reduced marrow iron stores was expressed as the predictive value of a positive test and a negative test, and efficiency. Diagnostic efficiency of serum iron, plasma transferrin and transferrin saturation was too low to be of value in the individual patient. Iron absorption and red cell incorporation had a higher diagnostic efficiency, but are unpractical for routine use. Serum ferritin displayed a high diagnostic efficiency and appears to be a reliable index of marrow iron stores, suitable for sequential monitoring of iron status in uraemic subjects.
The Same Type of Crystalline Inclusions in T‐Lymphocytes as in Plasma Cells and B‐Lymphocytes in Multiple Myeloma A Pathological Clone Originating from a Common Lymphocyte Stem Cell?
Authors: Stavem P. , Førre Ø.
Published: August 2010

2 patients with multiple myeloma had the same type of crystals in plasma cells, B‐lympho‐cytes, and T‐lymphocytes. It is hypothesized that these crystals are formed in cells belonging to the same clone of pathological cells. The clone would then have to be derived from a common lymphocyte stem cell.
Cytochemistry and Membrane Markers in Acute Lymphatic Leukaemia (ALL)
Authors: Huhn D. , Thiel E. , Rodt H. , Andreewa P.
Published: August 2010

136 patients suffering from ALL were subdivided into 5 subtypes (C‐ALL, C/T‐ALL, pre‐T‐ALL, B‐ALL) according to rosetting tests and using specific antisera directed against membrane antigens. In addition, leukaemic blasts of all patients were investigated according to morphological and cytochemical criteria. In APh and ANAE, indices and the percentages of cases showing a granular staining pattern were high in pre‐T‐ and in T‐ALL, but low in C/T‐ and in C‐ALL. PAS‐staining, conversely, was more pronounced in C/T‐ and C‐ALL. APh proved to be more discriminative for recognition of the T‐ and pre‐T‐ALL subgroups than ANAE, but ANAE‐cytochemistry may be useful to detect contaminating normal T‐lymphocytes in ALL. Receptors for C3 were more frequent in C‐ and in T‐ALL than in C/T‐ and in pre‐T‐ALL, receptors for Fc were distributed equally among all subtypes. Positivity of C3‐ and Fc‐receptors was not correlated with cytochemical results. Morphological criteria were not sufficient for subclassification of ALL; the combination of APh‐ and PAS‐staining, however, is valuable to differentiate between C‐subgroups and T‐subgroups.
Prognosis in Acquired Aplastic Anaemia A Multivariate Statistical Analysis of 80 Cases
Authors: Rozman Ciril , Marin Pedro , Granena Albert , Nomdedeu Benet , Montserrat Emili , Feliu Evarist , Liuis Joan , Corrons Vives
Published: August 2010

Prognostic factors were studied in a series of 80 patients with aplastic anaemia. The most important and easily obtainable individual variables, isolated in a previous univariate statistical analysis, were placed in a linear logistic regression model. A prognostic formula was derived containing the following 4 variables, in decreasing order of significance: (1) reticulocytes, (2) interval from onset of symptoms to first visit, (3) mean red cell volume, and (4) platelets. The prognostic formula permits an estimate of the probability of death within 3 months from the first visit. Its usefulness in several clinical situations, especially those related to bone marrow transplantation, is illustrated.
Coexisting Suppressor Cells for Myeloid Colony Formation in the Bone Marrow of Patients with Aplastic Anaemia
Authors: Hinterberger Wolfgang , Muhar Ulrike , Mcller Renate , Arne Olaf , Kabrna Jurgenssen Eva , Paukovits Walter R.
Published: August 2010

Suppressor cells for colony forming cells (CFUc) were found in the bone marrow of 1 of 6 patients with aplastic anaemia. The assay applied was based on the fact that coexisting suppressor cells are more sensitive to dilution than CFUC, as long as adequate stimulation is provided by a source of colony stimulating activity. In the patient with suppressor cells, a 4 d trial of 1000 mg methylprednisolone per d failed to improve the blood cell production and had to be discontinued due to gastric irritation.
Plasma Concentrations of Platelet Factor 4 in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Wadenvik Hans , Eriksson Karl‐Axel , Safai‐Kutti Soodabeh , Swedberg Karl , Kutti Jack
Published: August 2010

The aim was to investigate whether in the acute stage of myocardial infarction (MI) platelet activation, as measured by plasma platelet factor 4 (PF‐4), excluding that in ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is taking place. Over a period of 4 d the plasma levels of PF‐4 were determined on 44 consecutive patients admitted to a coronary care unit with suspected MI. 21 of them had a definite acute MI (group 1), and 13 had evidence of IHD but no MI (group 2). In the remaining 10 subjects there was no evidence of either MI or IHD. On the first day the mean plasma PF‐4 concentrations in group 1 and 2 patients were 11.8 ± 1.1 and 15.0 ± 2.3 ng/ml, respectively; the difference between means was not statistically significant. A peak mean PF‐4 for group 1 patients (17.5 ± 4.6 ng/ml) was recorded on the second day of study. The corresponding value for group 2 patients was lower, but not significantly so. In the latter subjects no peak PF‐4 was recorded. During the last 2 d of study the plasma PF‐4 concentrations tended to decrease, but the means for the 2 groups did not differ statistically. Thus, at no point in time was there a significant difference between the PF‐4 values for MI and IHD patients present.
Problems in Microscopic and Automatic Cell Differentiation of Blood and Cell Suspensions
Authors: Talstad Ingebrigt
Published: August 2010

Problems in microscopic and electronic differential cell‐counting of blood and cell suspensions were studied. Smears made from peripheral blood by the spreading technique or by the spin‐slide technique did not show skewed cell distribution. The automatic differential cell counter Hemalog D was better than microscopy for basophils and showed satisfactory results compared with microscopy for polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes, lymphocytes and eosinophils, while there was some disagreement for monocytes. Hemalog D, which includes blasts in large unstained cells (LUC), showed LUC in 95 % of our patients, while blasts were found only in 4% by microscopy. The commonly used methods for preparing smears from cell suspensions showed markedly skewed cell distribution, which was avoided by an improved technique for cytocentrifugation, by a spin‐slide technique and by a spreading technique resembling that used for blood.
Erythropoiesis in Hairy Cell Leukaemia: A True Erythroid Failure
Authors: Orlandi Ester , Alessandrino Paolo , Baraldi Anna , Barosi Giovanni , Berzuini Carlo , Cazzola Mario , Spriano Paolo
Published: August 2010

A quantitative evaluation of erythropoiesis was carried out in 12 patients with hairy cell leukaemia (HCL). The results were compared with those obtained in eight patients with aplastic anaemia (AA) in order to define the characteristics of erythroid failure in HCL. Discriminant analysis was applied to both haematological and erythrokinetic parameters of the two disease groups. Plasma iron concentration and MCV were significantly higher in AA, and allowed a perfect separation of the patients. As regards erythrokinetics, values of ineffective erythropoiesis and peripheral haemolysis were able to separate completely the two disease groups, being significantly lower in HCL than in AA. A true erythroid failure was the peculiar erythrokinetic pattern of HCL. This conclusion allows one to speculate on the nature of the stem cell damage in this disease.
Characterization of Normal Human Mononuclear Blood Cells during Diffusion Chamber (DC) Culture with Respect to Proliferation and Expression of T‐Cell Antigen
Authors: Pachmann K. , Penning R. , Lau B. , Rodt H. , Dormer P.
Published: August 2010

Normal human mononuclear blood cells were cultured for 13 d in diffusion chambers and the cell harvest on days 3, 6, 9 and 13 was characterized according to morphology, growth kinetics and surface antigen expression. The greatest part of the cell harvest consisted on all days of lymphoid cells. It could be shown that most of the cells carried the T‐cell marker, the main growing population thus being T‐cells. The mean anti‐T‐binding capacity per cell increased during the initial lag phase and reached its peak when the cell count was lowest. It dropped again during the following exponential growth phase to preculture values. These changes indicate an initial increase in surface antigen during the transition of cells from a resting to a more activated state before the onset of DNA‐synthesis, and a subsequent decrease which may indicate functional maturation.
Absence of Anamnestic Response After Transfusion of Washed Red Blood Cells in Haemophilia A Patients with Antibody to Factor VIII
Authors: Laurian Y. , Girma J. P. , Allain J. P. , Verroust F. , Larrieu M. J.
Published: August 2010

Washed red blood cells (WRC) have been used for replacing the blood loss in haemophilia A patients with antibody to Factor VIII. Levels of VIII coagulant activity (VIII:C), VIII coagulant antigen (VIII:CAg) and VIII related antigen (VIIIR:Ag) have been measured during the different steps of the preparation of WRC. The amount of VIII:C and VIII:CAg decreases very rapidly after washing and both are undetectable in the final product. These results were correlated with the absence of anamnestic response in 10 haemophilia A patients with inhibitor known as high responders.
Thrombocytopenia as Presenting Symptom of Preleukaemia in 3 Patients
Authors: Tricot G. , Criel A. , Verwilghen R. L.
Published: August 2010

3 patients with preleukaemia (idiopathic acquired myelodysplasia) presenting with isolated peripheral thrombocytopenia and an increased number of megakaryocytes are described. The diagnosis of preleukaemia, however, was strongly suspected on bone marrow morphology, revealing an abnormal megakaryocytic series. Megakaryoblasts with characteristic nuclei and basophilic pseudopodes, and immature megakaryocytes were frequent. These last cells had 1 or 2 nuclei and a basophilic poorly granulated cytoplasm, often containing large vacuoles, corresponding to dilated interconnecting demarcation membranes in electron microscopy. Megakaryocytes were not considered able to produce a normal amount of platelets, explaining the peripheral thrombocytopenia; platelet survival (51Cr) was indeed too long for ITP. Cytogenetic analysis confirmed the diagnosis of an abnormal haematopoietic clone.

Ferrokinetics, in vitro agar cultures, bone marrow biopsy and platelet function tests were helpful additional examinations for establishing the correct diagnosis. It is important to differentiate preleukaemia from ITP. Prognosis is totally different and the treatment is not only ineffective in the great majority of the preleukaemic patients, but may be hazardous.
Platelet Function Related to the Development and Presenting Symptoms in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Thaulow Erik , Erikssen Jan , Myhre Erik , Stormorken Helge , Hellem Arvid
Published: August 2010

Among 2014 apparently healthy men aged 40–59 years platelet function was studied with Hellem's retention method in 488 men. In 55 of these 488 men coronary heart disease (CHD) was strongly suspected and coronary angiography confirmed the diagnosis in 34 of 51 angiographied men. Platelet responsiveness was significantly lower among those who had angina pectoris than among their CHD‐suspect counterparts without angina, regardless of coronary angiographic findings. Since angiopositive men without angina and 408 ‘normals’ had similar retention values, it seems as if presenting symptoms, but not the development of CHD are linked to platelet function. During a near maximal bicycle exercise test significantly higher peak exercise blood pressure was found among men with very low retention values than among men with rention values in the middle and upper range. This could not be explained by differences in maximal heart rate or work performance. This indicates that blood pressure regulation during exercise may in part be linked to platelet function related mechanisms.
Distribution of T‐Cell Subsets Identified by Monoclonal Antibodies in Cell Suspensions from Lymph Node Biopsies of Human B‐Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Kvaløy Stein , Marton Per F. , Høst Herman , Solheim Bjarte G. , Godal Tore
Published: August 2010

The distribution of T‐cell subsets has been examined in cell suspensions from lymph node biopsies from 37 non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) of B‐cell origin and 8 cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD). T‐inducer/helper cells (T4+ cells) and T‐suppressor/cytotoxic cells (T8+ cells) were identified by the monoclonal antibodies OKT4 and OKT8, respectively. Compared with reactive lymph nodes the T‐cell subset distribution was aberrant in 18/37 (48.6%) of the B‐cell lymphomas. The T‐suppressor subset was dominating cells in 14/37 (37.8%) and the T‐helper subset in 4/37 (10.8%) of the cases examined. In patients with leukaemic disease, a concordant T‐cell subset distribution in lymph nodes and PBL was observed in 5 out of 6 cases.

HLA‐DR antigen was examined in a selected number of cases with a heteroantiserum. In general, the T‐cells from neoplastic tissues expressed an increased percentage of HLA‐DR antigen. This was most pronounced in cases with a dominance of T8+ cells, in which the majority of T8+ cells expressed HLA‐DR antigen. These findings suggest that an increased proportion of activated T‐suppressor cells are present in a proportion of B‐cell lymphomas. Possible clinical and biological implications are discussed.
Absence of Predictive Parameters for CNS Involvement in Adult non‐Lymphocytic Leukaemia at Time of Diagnosis
Authors: Shoenfeld Y. , Rothenberg M. , Berliner S. , Gallant L. A. , Garfinkel D. , Shaklai M. , Pinkhas J.
Published: August 2010

13 patients with adult non‐lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) who developed central nervous system (CNS) involvement during the course of their illness are reported and compared with a control group of 26 ANLL patients without CNS involvement. The incidence of CNS involvement was 13/510 patients (2.5%). Initial symptoms and signs and routine laboratory data were not helpful in predicting which patients would ultimately develop CNS involvement. Almost 1/2 of the patients were in clinical and haematological remission at the time of the diagnosis of CNS involvement. Specific treatment to the CNS including intrathecal cytotoxic drugs and/or radiotherapy failed to increase the survival rate significantly. Whether the establishment of an early diagnosis of CNS involvement and the institution of appropriate treatment may improve the prognosis of this complication is a question which presently remains unanswered.
Malignant Histiocytosis and Adult Coeliac Disease
Authors: Bostad L. , Schjølseth S. A. , Bjark P.
Published: August 2010

A 54‐year‐old female with a 3 year history of coeliac disease suddenly deteriorated. Clinical investigation and bone marrow aspirate were consistent with malignant histiocytosis. The patient died and the following postmortem examination confirmed the diagnosis. The significance of the concomittant occurrence of coeliac disease andmalignant histiocytosis is discussed.
Characterization of Marrow‐Derived Adherent Cells
Authors: Bentley S. A. , Tralka T. S.
Published: August 2010

Cultured, marrow‐derived, adherent cells (MDAC) provide a microenvironment which supports the proliferation of haemopoietic stem cells (HSC) for extended periods in vitro. Morphological characterization suggested that MDAC populations consisted of a variety of cell types, including mononuclear phagocytes, fibroblastoid cells, fat cells and vascular endothelial cells. Recently performed functional characterization studies suggest that they consist largely of collagen‐producing, fibroblastic cells. MDAC were not, however, examined systematically for endothelial cell characteristics. Unrecharged cultures of MDAC, shown in parallel studies to support in vitro haemopoiesis, were examined for endothelial cell markers. These included the presence of Weibel‐Palade bodies and synthesis of factor VIII related antigen. They were also examined biochemically for synthesis of basement membrane (type IV) collagen. The results of these investigations were negative in all cultures examined. It is thus concluded that vascular endothelial cells are not present as a significant component of the unrecharged MDAC population and do not, therefore, contribute to the functional haemopoietic microenvironment in vitro or in vivo.
Mechanisms of Immune Haemolysis
Authors: Yust Israel , Frisch Bertha , Goldsher Naomi , Miller Hylton I. , Laniado Shlomo
Published: August 2010

The mechanisms of red blood cell destruction in 2 patients with penicillin‐induced immune haemolytic anaemia were investigated. Anti‐penicillin antibodies of the IgG subclass were found in the patients' sera and in the eluates of their direct antiglobulin positive red blood cells. Using a rapid 51Cr in vitro assay it was shown that fresh peripheral blood mononu‐clear phagocytes and granulocytes but not lymphocytes from both patients lysed and phagocytosed autologous red blood cells previously treated in vivo or in vitro by penicillin and autologous anti‐penicillin antibody. Antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) as well as antibody‐dependent phagocytosis (ADPh) were proportional to serum concentration and to the number of attacking cells. Anti‐penicillin antibody from 1 patient activated the complement system in vitro but failed to induce lysis of penicillin‐treated red blood cells in the presence of complement.

These results suggest that ADCC as well as ADPh participate in the destruction of red blood cells in penicillin‐induced haemolysis in vivo.
A High Level of Colony‐Stimulating Activity in a Lung Cancer Patient with Extensive Leucocytosis, and the Establishment of a CSA Producing Cell Line (KONT)
Authors: Kimura Nobuhiro , Niho Yoshiyuki , Yanase Toshiyuki
Published: August 2010

Colony‐stimulating activity (CSA) was demonstrated in materials taken from a patient suffering from lung cancer associated with excessive leucocytosis. CSA was detected not only in his urine, serum and pleural effusion but also in the supernatant of cell cultures originating from the effusion. The excessive leukocytosis of the patient might be due to a CSA producing tumor. A cell line (KONT) originating from the CSA producing tumor has been maintained for 4 years and shown to produce mouse‐ and human‐CSA.
Fanconi's Anaemia. Simultaneous onset in 2 Siblings and unusual Cytological Findings
Authors: Vroede Monique de , Feremans Walter , Maertelaere‐Laurent Emilie de , Mandelbaum Israel , Toppet Michèle , Vamos Esther , Fondu Pierre
Published: August 2010

Fanconi's anaemia is reported in 2 siblings. The simultaneous onset of pancytopenia after possible exposure to common external agents suggest that both a frail genotype and environmental factors may be etiologically involved in the disorder. One of the children died after having developed a monoblastic leukaemia. This patient disclosed very striking cytological abnormalities, including a dyserythropoietic pattern and ropalocytosis. The physiopathology of the latter abnormality, which has hitherto not been noticed in Fanconi's anaemia, is uncertain.
Osmotic Erythrocyte Fragility and ABO Blood Groups
Authors: Heistø H. , Godal H. C.
Published: August 2010

In a study of 1008 blood donors a reduced frequency of blood group A and an increased frequency of blood group O were observed in those with increased osmotic fragility of their red cells.
Low Antithrombin III in Acute Hepatic Failure at Term
Authors: Mosvold Jacob , Abildgaard Ulrich , Jenssen Helge , Andersen Ragnar
Published: August 2010

2 cases surviving acute fatty liver of pregnancy are reported. Both cases had signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation, and extremely low plasma concentration of antithrombin III. One of the women received antithrombin III concentrate. The rationale of this therapy is discussed.
T Cells in Monoclonal Gammopathies
Authors: Mellstedt H. , Holm G. , Pettersson D. , Björkholm M. , Johansson B. , Lindemalm C. , Peest D. , Åhre A.
Published: August 2010

Subpopulations of human T lymphocytes were analysed by monoclonal antibodies (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8) in healthy controls and in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), Walden‐ström's macroglobulinemia (WM) and benign monoclonal gammopathy (BMG). Lymphocytes forming rosettes with SRBC correlated well with T cells staining in indirect immuno‐fluorescence by OKT3 monoclonal antibodies. The relative and absolute numbers of OKT4 + T cells were significantly lower in patients than in controls. Though, the percentage of OKT8+ T cells was increased in patients, the total OKT8+ cell counts were normal in all patient groups. The ratio between OKT4+ and OKT8+ lymphocytes was low in the groups of treated MM and of WM patients compared to controls (P< 0.001). Moreover, the ratio was lower than the normal range in 27% of BMG and 38% of untreated MM patients. The imbalance between OKT4+ and OKT8+ T cells in untreated MM was more pronounced in clinical stage III patients than in stage I and II patients. The most pronounced changes were noted in treated MM patients. The significance of the altered T cell subsets in monoclonal gammopathies with regard to polyclonal and tumor B cell regulation remains to be established.
Haematological Alterations in Acute Malaria
Authors: Kueh Y. K. , Yeo K. L.
Published: August 2010

In a study of 30 patients with either Plasmodium or falciparum infection, 29 (97%) showed the presence of atypical lymphocytes in the peripheral blood film, 24 (80%) had thrombocytopenia and 17 (57 %) had a mild to moderate anaemia. Bleeding was encountered in 2 patients without confirmatory evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation.