bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Best-worst scaling in studying the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on health professionals in Ghana
Authors: Nyarko Eric , Arku Dennis , Duah Gifty
Published: September 2023

In this study, we utilized a best-worst scaling experiment design to assess the potential factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress among health professionals following the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic. The maximum difference model was performed to analyze the potential risk factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. As a case study, a total of 300 health professionals in Ghana were included in the survey. The majority, 112 (68.7%) male health professionals and 97 (70.8%) female health professionals reported that they had encountered suspected COVID-19 patients. 83 (50.9%) of the male health professionals and 76 (55.5%) of the female health professionals reported that they had encountered confirmed COVID-19 patients. A considerable proportion of the males 59 (36.2%) and females 57 (41.6%) health professionals reported coming into direct contact with COVID-19 lab specimens. The findings indicated that a high proportion of health professionals encountered suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients, while a considerable proportion had direct contact with COVID-19 lab specimens leading to psychological problems. Risk factors such as contact with confirmed COVID-19 patients, the relentless spread of the coronavirus, death of patients and colleagues, shortage of medical protective equipment, direct contact with COVID-19 lab specimens, and the permanent threat of being infected should be given special attention, and necessary psychological intervention provided for health professionals endorsing these risk factors. Improving the supply of medical protective equipment to meet occupational protection practices, sufficient rest, and improving the vaccination of the population might help safeguard health professionals from depression, anxiety, and stress. Our results provide insight into policy discussions on the mental health of health professionals and interventions that are essential to enhance psychological resilience.
Identification of soil strength parameters for assessing stability of a sliding slope
Authors: Nosenko Viktor , Dyptan Tatiana , Nechyporenko Dmytro
Published: September 2023

The article presents the results of assessment of stability of the sliding slope, which was performed with the use methods of limit equilibrium and numerical modeling of the stress-strained state of the slope soils.
It is obvious that usage of soil strength parameters c and φ without their clarification (identification) can lead to an overestimation of the value of the safety factor and thus slopes will be mistakenly classified as stable.
The choice of the correct soil parameters is a key factor in the calculations in order to obtain calculated slip surfaces close to the actually recorded ones.
The object of the study is an artificial landscape massif located on a slope. The site has the shape of an amphitheater in the form of stairs that occupy half of the entire area in the central part and sloping surfaces at the edges. The radius of the upper face is 42.20 m, the lower face is 21.95 m. The total number of steps is six. The absolute mark of the first step is 289.00 m, the mark of the bottom of the amphitheater is 280.00 m.
During construction works related to the formation of a stepped landform of the landmass, a landslide happened on the territory of the object, therefore, during the calculation of the stability of the slope, the main task was to choose the correct values of c and φ so that the modeling results coincide with the data of field observations and on the basis of these data, it would be later on possible to make reasonable engineering decisions about measures to stabilize the slope and ensure its stability at the stage of operation.
To assess stability of the slope, a series of calculations was performed in the initial (natural) state and in the current state with characteristics changed due to wetting.
Soil parameters were identified on the basis of engineering and geological investigations. As a result of specifying the strength parameters, the coefficients of the stability were determined, which reflect the ultimate equilibrium of the slope, which corresponds to the real picture in the area. For numerical modeling, the initial stability coefficients had the following values: for 3 steps K=2.396; with complete excavation K=1.428. After adjusting c and φ, they decreased by 2.3 times and 1.4 times, respectively. A similar situation occurred for the assessment of slope stability using the limit equilibrium method. For three steps, the initial coefficient K=2.70 decreased by 2.5 times; with complete excavation, K=1.54 decreased by 1.5 times.
Studi Pemanfaatan Bambu di kawasan Hutan Adat Penyanggar Desa Cipta Karya Kabupaten Bengkayang
Authors: Sisillia Lolyta , Junisa Junisa , Fazrian Muhammad
Published: September 2023

Kawasan Hutan Adat Penyanggar banyak ditumbuhi bambu dan dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat Dusun Ketiat A yang wilayahnya berbatasan langsung dengan hutan adat tersebut. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis jenis bambu yang memiliki nilai penggunaan tertinggi oleh masyarakat Dusun Ketiat A,menganalisis kesepakatan msyarakat dalam pemanfaatan jenis bambu untuk kelompok tertentu serta jenis-jenis bambu yang paling digemari untuk kelompok pemanfaatan tertentu serta mendeskripsikan kearifan lokal masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan bambu di kawasan Hutan Adat Penyanggar.Penelitian menggunakan metode survey dengan teknik wawancara secara mendalam (depth interview) kepada responden. Penentuan responden menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Delapan spesies bambu yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat yaitu Bambusa multiplex,Dendrocalamus asper,Dendrocalamus hirtellus,Gigantochloa ater,Gigantochloa hasskarliana,Gigantochloa levis,Schizostachyum brachycladum, Schizostachyum flexuosum. Pemanfaatan bambu di kawasan Hutan Adat Penyanggar oleh masyarakat dikelompokkan sebagai bahan kerajinan, ritual adat, bangunan,serta pemanfatan lain. Bambusa multiplek (Aur) memiliki persentase tertinggi dalam kelompok pemanfaatannya(23,08%). Schizostachyum flexuosum memiliki UV tertinggi(0,87). Nilai ICF bambu tertinggi ada pada kelompok pemanfaatan untuk kerajinan (0,9754). Spesies bambu yang memiliki persentase FL tertinggi (100%) yaitu Dendrocalamus asper (Betung), Dendrocalamus hirtellus (Bincank) dan Schizostachyum brachycladum (Buru).
Terapi Distraksi dan Okupasi untuk Menangani Kecanduan Gadget pada Anak Usia Pra Sekolah
Authors: Oktarina Natalia Devi , Liyanovitasari Liyanovitasari
Published: September 2023

Penggunaan gadget dapat berdampak negatif yang cukup besar bagi anak. Kemudahan mengakses berbagai media informasi dan teknologi yang ada dalam gadget, menyebabkan anak menjadi malas beraktivitas. Anak akan lebih memilih duduk diam di depan gadget dan menikmati apa yang ada di dalam gadget tersebut. Hal ini dapat berdampak buruk bagi kesehatan maupun perkembangan anak, terutama perkembangan secara fisik maupun psikologis. Tim pengabdian masyarakat dari Universitas Ngudi Waluyo menawarkan program DOT (distraction & occupational therapy) untuk mengatasi anak dengan kecanduan gadget dengan memberikan terapi mengalihkan perhatian anak ke alat permainan lain yang lebih edukatif dan melakukan terapi okupasi atau terapi perilaku untuk mengubah perilaku penggunaan gadget pada anak.
Pengurangan Risiko Bencana Kekeringan Melalui Peningkatan Kapasitas Remaja di Lingkungan Sekolah
Authors: Suwaryo Putra Agina Widyaswara , Yuwono Podo , Zikro Akhmad Wildan
Published: September 2023

Kekeringan merupakan fenomen alam yang tidak dapat dielakkan dan menjadi variasi normal dari cuaca yang perlu mendapat perhatian. Kekeringan menyebabkan beberapa wilayah di Kebumen mengalami keterbatasan air minum. Dampak kekeringan sangat luas dan dapat mempengaruhi sektor lain seperti ekonomi, Kesehatan, sosial dan Pendidikan. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini untuk meningkatkan kapasitas remaja dalam perannya mengambil bagian program penguranan bencana di lingkungan sekolah. Kegiatan ini terdiri dari persiapan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Kegiatan diikuti oleh 38 peserta yaitu siswa SMA Muhammadiyah Gombong, yang dilaksanakan pada Oktober - November 2022. Metode yang digunakan yaitu edukasi dengan pre-post test untuk mengetahui perubahan pengetahuan setelah dilakukan edukasi. Kuesioner terdiri dari 20 pertanyaan yang berisi tentang pengurangan risiko bencana kekeringan. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat didapatkan peningkatkan pengetahuan rata-rata mencapai 74% dengan rata nilai post test 90,78. Konsep pengurangan risiko bencana yang dilakukan kepada remaja bisa memberikan kesadaran dan dampak untuk ikut berperan serta dalam mengatasi bencana
Impact of Academic Advising Activities on International Students' Sense of Belonging
Authors: Yuan Xiao , Yang Yang , McGill Craig
Published: September 2023

Research on international students suggests they have a low sense of belonging at the U.S. institutions they attend. This study examined whether academic advisor’s cultural empathy, advisor-advisee rapport, and international students’ advising satisfaction influenced international students’ perspectives of belonging to the institution. We further examined whether cultural empathy and advisor-advisee rapport mediated the effect of advising satisfaction on international students’ sense of belonging. The cross-sectional quantitative study used a convenience sample of 209 international students enrolled in two institutions in the United States. Results indicated that cultural empathy and student advising satisfaction had a statistically significant influence on the sense of belonging, not advisor-advisee rapport, and cultural empathy mediated the effect of advising satisfaction on sense of belonging. We offered recommendations for institutions and academic advisors when working with international students.
Utilization of a Coffee Peeler Machine for Coffee Farmer Groups in Gunung Tua Village Mandailing Natal
Authors: Sitorus Tulus Burhanuddin , Nasution Ahmad Y , Hamsi Alfian , Lubis Syaifuddin
Published: September 2023

Topographically, the Mandailing Natal district is divided into lowland areas which are coastal areas with an elevation of 00 -20 covering an area of ​​160,500 Ha (24.24%). One of the drivers of economic growth in Mandailing Natal district is plantations. Plantation plants in the Mandailing Natal district can develop coffee, cinnamon, coconut, candlenut, sugar palm, and cloves. However, the level of absorption of agricultural technology is still not as expected, especially for coffee farmers in Gunung Tua village, Mandailing Natal Regency, making coffee productivity from this area less than optimal. From the survey results and discussions with coffee farmer partners in the town of Gunung Tua Mandailing Natal, it was found that there were several problems in the post-harvest process, and one of them was the peeling of the coffee bean skin. So far, most coffee farmers use a coffee peeler manually with a 20 kg/hour capacity and require quite a high operational cost. Therefore, the service implementation team and coffee farmer partners agreed to make a 100 kg/hour coffee peeler machine and an electric motor drive based on these conditions. Test data in the field shows that for a coffee peeler with a capacity of 100 kg/hour, only one liter of fuel is needed to peel 400 kg of coffee beans. This, of course, makes a significant reduction in production costs in the post-harvest process. It is hoped that this machine can work optimally to reduce the production cost of coffee peeling and increase the income of coffee farmers in the village of Gunung Tua Mandailing Natal.
Utilization of Cow Rumen into Biogas Using a Fixed Dome Reactor as an Alternative Energy in Deli Serdang Regency
Authors: Sidabutar Rivaldi , Aulia Destanul , Ginting Nurzainah , Irvan  , Trisakti Bambang , Tulus  , Nauly Meutia
Published: September 2023

Biogas is renewable energy that can be used as substitute of LPG and generator fuel. The utilization of waste into biogas has been implemented in Tadukan Raga Village, Sinembah Tanjung Muda (STM) Hilir District, Deli Serdang Regency since 2018 by building a facility for processing biomass into biogas by utilize rumen waste and cow dung at pilot scale. This facility has been handed over by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry to the community to manage independently. However, there is a problem in the lack of understanding of the community in the management, development and maintenance of this facility. This problem resulted in the abandonment of the biogas plant so that production and operations not running and some equipment requiring repairs. The purpose of this program is to strengthen and empower observer groups and users of biogas production facilities in Tadukan Raga Village. Therefore it is necessary to carry out: an analysis of the sustainability of the biogas plant program and the use of biogas as an alternative to overcoming livestock manure pollution in the program of Desa Binaan USU 2022, repair of biogas reactor and piping and the use of biogas stoves modified from LPG stoves.
The Utilization of Extracting Machine Technology at the Red Ginger Instant Business in Kwala Bekala Urban Village
Authors: Sinamo Karina Nola , Hutabarat Nauas Domu Marihot Romauli , Karo-karo Terip , Ginting Sentosa
Published: September 2023

Partner started a red ginger instant powder business during the covid-19 pandemic. Partner knowed the benefits of red ginger in increasing the body's immune power to prevent infection with the Corona virus. The service team found that partner produced red ginger instant powder manually using simple equipment. One of them was the process of extracting red ginger and other spices by squeezing the finely ground red ginger and other spices using a cloth. This made the production process ineffective and the amount of extraction results was not maximized. The manual extortion process using the cloth taked a long time and a large amount of human labor so that partner was constrained in making large quantities so that some orders are delayed. Therefore, partners had difficulty in carrying out the extraction process of red ginger, especially in large quantities. The solution offered by the service team was to utilize extracting machines according to partner needs and provide training in using red ginger extracting machines to partners. The result was that the partner became skilled at using the extracting machine in producing instant red ginger and trying to improve their business.
The Indonesian Islamic Student Association's Idea About Civil Society
Authors: Nasution Faiz Albar , Nasution Nabila Fahira
Published: September 2023

Students have an important role in the political system, because they have their own place for society. Students have four roles, namely agent of change, social control, iron stock, and moral force. To make citizens aware of their role, a student organization is needed as a real form of student forum so that they can explore their potential and abilities, achieve missions with one purpose of the organization. Commitment in the organization, as well as the knowledge base is able to build a student's frame of mind, so that he hopes to answer the problems that occur in society. One of the issues that is often discussed is building the concept of civil society in Indonesia. As a student organization, the Islamic Student Association based on Islam is able to assess civil society based on an integral understanding of Islam. The purpose of this service is to provide an understanding of the Indonesian Islamic Student Association's Ideas for Civil Society during the activities of the introduction of prospective members of the Islamic Student Association. The results of the service from this activity are: First, providing understanding and knowledge about the Indonesian idea of Islamic student associations to civil society. Second, interactive discussion between participants and presenters. Third, the presenter becomes the carrier of the discussion flow by solving problems.
КЛЮЧОВІ АСПЕКТИ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ ТА ЯКОСТІ ПРОДУКЦІЇ АГРАРНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОЇ АГРЕСІЇ
Authors: Волкова Неля , Мехтієв Руслан , Попадін Євгеній
Published: September 2023

Стаття присвячена дослідженню ключових аспектів, які визначають конкурентоспроможність та якість продукції аграрного підприємства в умовах воєнної агресії. Наголошено на важливості якості продукції, яка відіграє вирішальну роль у конкурентному середовищі сучасного ринку. Зазначено, що якість продукції не тільки задовольняє потреби споживачів, але й впливає на імідж підприємства, можливість виводу продукції на міжнародні ринки, приваблення інвестицій та попит на продукцію. Досліджено вплив воєнної агресії на аграрні підприємства та їх конкурентоспроможність, відзначаючи специфічні умови та виклики, з якими вони стикаються. Зокрема, встановлено, що це: зниження рівня інвестицій, обмеження доступу до ринків та загрози для інфраструктури і робочої сили. Наголошено, що підвищення якості аграрної продукції не лише сприяє виживанню підприємств, але і створює передумови для їхнього розвитку в умовах складних викликів і є важливим кроком до забезпечення стабільності і конкурентоспроможності аграрного сектору, а також до розвитку країни в цілому.
ФІНАНСОВЕ ПЛАНУВАННЯ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВІ: СУТНІСТЬ, ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ
Authors: Дергалюк Богдан , Деркач Наталя
Published: September 2023

У статті відмічено, що в сучасних умовах економічного спаду й жорсткої конкурентної боротьби у підприємств посилюється потреба в раціональному фінансовому планування діяльності. Досліджено основні проблеми фінансового планування, що призводять до значних економічних втрат і прорахунків. Запропоновано шляхи оптимізації планових рішень шляхом формування фінансової стратегії та фінансового плану підприємства. Зроблено висновок, що фінансове планування може стати інструментом, що сприятиме економічному зростанню та відносній захищеності підприємств.
СУБ’ЄКТИВНА БІДНІСТЬ В УКРАЇНІ: ДИНАМІКА, ВПЛИВ ПАНДЕМІЇ COVID-19
Authors: Когатько Юрій
Published: September 2023

Стаття присвячена аналізу суб'єктивної бідності в Україні. Динаміку цього явища було оцінено, звертаючи увагу на показники «рівень бідності за самовизначенням» і «ступінь задоволення потреб». В статті оцінено вплив подій, таких як світова економічна криза кінця 2008 року, Революція Гідності і війна з росією, а також коронавірусна криза, на сприйняття бідності і ступінь задоволення основних потреб в українському суспільстві. Виокремлено важливість дослідження суб'єктивної бідності з різних точок зору, включаючи соціально-економічні, психологічні та політичні аспекти. У ході дослідження було встановлено, що загалом, період від 2007 до 2008 року відзначився найнижчими рівнями суб'єктивної бідності. Також було виявлено покращення ситуації, яке розпочалося вже після 2016 року. У першому випадку, це покращення може бути пов'язане з періодом стабільного економічного зростання та покращенням економічної ситуації в країні. У другому випадку, це може вказувати на певний оптимізм, що наступив після політичних та соціальних турбулентностей.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF STRATEGIC PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT RESEARCH
Authors: Стоянець Наталія , Баоєр Фу
Published: September 2023

With the rapid economic development and increasingly fierce social competition, the accelerated development of global digitalization, the current enterprises are characterized by the development of informatization, and the role and impact of human resource management on enterprise performance are becoming more and more prominent. Enterprises are people-oriented, and on the basis of this concept, enterprises gradually explore a human resource management system suitable for enterprises. In the face of the current environment and the task of high-quality development of the country, traditional personnel management can no longer meet the needs of enterprise development, human resource management has gradually been upgraded to the level of strategic planning, and more and more enterprises realize the importance of strategic human resource management. In the face of many challenges, enterprises should be based on the industry, start from the aspect of talent management, stimulate the motivation of internal talents, and continuously improve the autonomy and creativity of internal talents in all aspects of work. Talent management is not only the basic condition for the normal operation of enterprises, but also the focus of whether enterprises can develop smoothly, and the conditions for the continuous improvement of economic benefits of enterprises. If enterprises want to make strategic results, they must establish the connection between human resources and enterprises at the strategic level, and sort out and formulate human resources work plans from corporate strategies. Human resource management has always occupied a very important position in enterprise management, and strategic human resource management is more suitable for the development of enterprises in the current economic and competitive environment. Based on the theory of strategic human resource management, this paper analyzes Huawei's concepts and tools for building a strategic human resources system based on its theoretical concepts, core contents, and importance in enterprises, in order to provide some experience and enlightenment for other enterprises.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЦИФРОВИХ ІНТЕРАКТИВНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ В ОСВІТНЬОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТІ 022 ДИЗАЙН
Authors: Потапенко Микола Васильович , Демиденко Олександр Іванович , Потапенко Ганна Михайлівна
Published: September 2023

Метою цієї статті є розгляд впливу цифрових технологій на освіту дизайнерів. Результати дослідження. У статті розглянуто, як сучасні цифрові інструменти та програмне забезпечення впливають на процес навчання дизайнерів, збагачуючи їх знання та навички. Також метою цієї статті є спроба проаналізувати різні аспекти застосування цих технологій, їх вплив на розвиток творчих та професійних навичок студентів, а також приведено практичні приклади досліджень та успішних застосувань у цій галузі. У роботі визначено, що цифрові технології вагомо впливають на рівень підготовки спеціалістів фаху 022 «Дизайн». Охарактеризовано вплив застосування навчальних презентацій на рівень підготовки майбутніх дизайнерів, визначено основні програми для створення презентацій, описано відмінності між різними типами презентацій. Розкрито основні аспекти дизайну навчальних презентацій для студентів спеціальності 022 «Дизайн». Узагальнено місце інфографіки у подачі цифрової інформації студентам, описано принципи сприймання інформації сенсорними системами людини, визначено переваги інфографіки. Охарактеризовано особливості інтерактивних таблиць та діаграм. у підготовці дизайнерів. Наукова новизна. У цій статті представлені наукові дослідження, що ґрунтуються на актуальності та впливі цифрових технологій на освіту дизайнерів. У роботі представлені практичні приклади та досвід викладачів та студентів, які використовували цифрові технології у своєму навчальному процесі. Висновки. Цифрові технології надають студентам можливість розвивати важливі навички, які необхідні в сучасній сфері дизайну. Це включає навички роботи з різними графічними та візуальними інструментами, 3D-моделювання, віртуальну та доповнену реальність, а також уміння працювати в команді та ефективно комунікувати за допомогою цифрових засобів.
ТВОРЧІ ПОШУКИ МИТЦІВ КИЇВСЬКОЇ ШКОЛИ СКУЛЬПТУРИ КІНЦЯ 1990-Х – 2000-Х РОКІВ
Authors: Цигикало Катерина Олександрівна
Published: September 2023

Мета статті. Розглянути творчі підходи скульпторів кінця 1990-х та початку ХХІ століття, виявити особливості їхніх пошуків, провести паралелі між доробком окремих скульпторів та виявити спільні і відмінні риси в роботі авторів київської школи скульптури. Методологія. У процесі дослідження застосовувалися такі методи: мистецтвознавчого аналізу, аналіз теоретичних передумов розвитку пластичних ідей з аналізом конкретних творів; синтезу, узагальнення та систематизація отриманої інформації; біографічний метод; методи індукції, дедукції та порівняльного аналізу. Результати. Важливо відмітити, що в новий етап українська скульптура вступає в позиції плюралізму форм і концепцій, однак скульптура як традиційний вид образотворчого мистецтва залишається на панівних позиціях. Скульптори вдаються до експериментів на рівні як змістовному, так і матеріальному. Серед традиційних матеріалів скульптури з’являються нові, такі як полімери, або ж вже тут можна згадати приклади еко-скульптур братів Зігур, які в одному із своїх проєктів використали використані пластикові пляшки. Серед традиційних форм скульптури виникають і нові форми тривимірного мистецтва і інсталяції, до яких вдаються як скульптори, так і художник, що отримали освіту з інших видів мистецтва: графіки, живопису, сценографії. Це важлива характеристика сучасного образотворчого мистецтва, яка позначає стирання кордонів між видами мистецтва, коли головним для художника стає не його професійний бекґраунд і освіта, а віднайдення найбільш влучного засобу для вираження задуманого концепту. Наукова новизна дослідження полягає у виявленні пошуків та експериментів, характерних рис у творах молодих скульпторів київської школи в контексті розвитку українського мистецтва останніх десятиліть. Практична значущість. Визначено особливості творчого методу митців київськох школи скульптури кінця 1990-х – початку ХХІ ст.
КОНЦЕПЦІЯ РОЗВИТКУ ХУДОЖНЬО-ПРОМИСЛОВОЇ ОСВІТИ (ПОЧАТОК XXI СТ.)
Authors: Дяченко Алла Володимирівна
Published: September 2023

Статтю присвячено проблематиці становлення концепції розвитку художньо-промислової освіти початку XXI ст. Проблематика художньо-промислової освіти актуалізується в контексті історико-культурних, соціокультурних, філософських та мистецтвознавчих аспектів її формування, еволюції та трансформації, то ж методологічною основою дослідження стали провідні положення у галузі філософії, педаго- гіки, естетики, мистецтвознавства, художньо-промислової освіти, естетичного виховання та методики навчання основ декоративно-ужиткового мистецтва, роботи науковців і дослідників, пов’язані безпосередньо з декоративним напрямом. Теоретично обґрунтувано та досліджено особливості, етапи, процеси і витоки розвитку художньо-промислової освіти початку XXI ст. У дослідженні використано загальнонаукові методи аналізу, узагальнення та систематизації матеріалу, методи міждисциплінарного аналізу, історико-культурний метод, метод інтерпретації. Розкрито, що художньо-промислова освіта стає фундаментом сучасної української культури, транслює властиві їй цінності, норми, етичні та естетичні ідеали, сприяє творчому освоєнню людиною навколишнього динамічного, полікультурного світу. Основний вектор модернізації професійної освіти – професіоналізація традиційного прикладного мистецтва засобами науки та освіти. Якісна система підготовки фахівців у сфері традиційних мистецьких промислів передбачає не спорадичне відкриття навчальних закладів, а створення комплексу, що об’єднує на системних засадах освітні установи єдиного профілю; наявність профільної освіти у викладачів, що передбачає і педагогічну грамотність; наявність навчально-методичного супроводу освітнього процесу, суттєва роль у якому належить музеям, які функціонують як «депо навчальних посібників», що експонують еталонні зразки кустарної промисловості та ремісничого виробництва.
Metaweb and its applications in understanding ecological interactions
Authors: Adhurya Sagar , Agasti Nisha , Park Young-seuk
Published: September 2023

Understanding the dynamics of ecological interactions is an essential initial step in acquiring a comprehensive understanding of the ecosystem structure and functions. Such knowledge is pivotal in effective conservation planning, sustainable development, and ecosystem management. However, the limited availability of information on ecological interactions, commonly referred to as Eltonian shortfalls, presents a significant challenge in moving beyond taxonomic diversity. The concept of a metaweb, which encompasses all species and their interactions in a specific region, has greatly contributed to our understanding of macroecology. This helps bridge the gap between static ecological networks and the dynamic nature of real ecosystems. Therefore, we aimed to comprehensively review various approaches to constructing metawebs and analyze both the metaweb and its constituent local webs.Metawebs can be improved through link prediction to overcome the issue of data availability for ecological interactions. Different predictive approaches for ecological interactions can be categorized based on the data requirements. Some methods rely solely on existing databases and predict links based on observed interaction patterns within the web. Other methods incorporate additional information about the nodes, such as phylogenetic or trait data, to predict the links. While predicting interactions, it is crucial to ensure the model’s performance and validate the predicted links.The metaweb helps develop a local web according to the available information on local biodiversity at different spatiotemporal scales. This allowed us to study the structural properties of local webs and their dynamics at the spatiotemporal scale with minimum data requirements. This knowledge is essential for obtaining insights into how ecological interactions change in response to various factors such as climate and habitat changes. Furthermore, with increasing data availability, it may be possible to integrate biomass, abundance, and energy flow to explore the functional aspects of ecosystems.Our review highlights the existing metawebs and suggests future research directions. Harnessing the power of the metaweb enhances our understanding of ecological communities and their responses to various drivers.
Legal criteria for separate content convicted persons in places of deprivation of liberty
Authors: Malikov Boris , Prikhozhaya Lyudmila Evgen'evna
Published: September 2023

The article discusses the criteria for the separate detention of convicts in correctional institutions of the penitentiary system of the Russian Federation, expressed in the norms of law, as well as the issues of differentiation of convicts into separate groups. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that the system of criteria for the separate detention of convicts, firstly, is the result of assessments of the manifestation of personality in isolation, which creates the need for modern legal regulation of procedures for differentiation of convicts to imprisonment at all stages and stages of execution of punishment; secondly, it allows for the regulatory and organizational implementation of certain specific procedures aimed at leveling the consequences of illegal and immoral behavior on the part of criminally oriented convicts by changing the nature and degree of their isolation in the interests of implementing the principles of legality, differentiation and individualization of the execution of punishments (Article 8 of the Penal Enforcement Code of the Russian Federation); thirdly, orients the law enforcement officer to the need for a differentiated and individual approach to the personality of the convicted person.
International Scientific and Practical Conference «Problems of legal regulation of applicationvarious types of punishments: criminal law, criminologicaland penal aspects» (Samara Law Institute Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, January 13, 2023)
Authors: Maloletkina Natal’ya
Published: September 2023

On January 3, 2023, the Department of State and Legal Disciplines of the Samara Law Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia together with the Departments of Criminal and Penal Enforcement Law, Regime and Protection in the Penal System of the Samara Law Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia held an international scientific and practical conference «Problems of legal regulation of the use of various types of punishments: criminal law, Criminological and Criminal-executive aspects». A feature of the scientific event was a wide list of discussed theoretical and applied intersectoral problems arising in the application of various types of punishments in the Russian Federation within the framework of criminal law, criminological and penal aspects.
About some modern trends in the development of penal enforcement law: an interview with a professor of the Department of Penal Enforcement Law Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia A. P. Skiboy
Authors: Grushin Fedor Vladimirovich , Tokubaev Zayrula
Published: September 2023

About some modern trends in the development of penal enforcement law
Bringing Gurkhas to Market: Race, Gender and Global Economies of Security Workforces
Authors: Chisholm Amanda
Published: September 2023

This chapter introduces the ethnographic fieldwork and feminist political economy and security studies framing that underpins the book project. The overarching questions presented are: 1) how is security created through private military and security company (PMSCs) operations, 2) what role does affect play in shaping this security, and 3) how is this security experienced by the men and women who engage in this marketplace?These questions organise the fourteen years of fieldwork, across three countries, on Gurkhas, a group of militarised men from Nepal, and their families. It prioritised their lived experiences as communities from the Global South who come to participate in security markets.
Introduction
Authors: Snir Reuven
Published: September 2023

The introduction refers to the changes that Arabic literature has seen since the mid-nineteenth century – they are as momentous or even radical as the ways in which Arabic literature had been transformed following the rise of Islam in the seventh century. These changes have been accompanied by a dramatic increase in readership, first, throughout the Arab world and, second, since the mid-twentieth century, throughout the entire globe. Arabic literature has become such a huge field the number of literary texts produced in recent decades is so enormous that they cannot be covered in any meaningful way by any traditional scholarly tool. The speedy development of Internet technologies has done much to change the way culture is perceived, and they have changed dramatically the way literature in general—and Arabic literature in particular—is created and consumed. Other developments have accelerated this process, such as the wide migration, globalization, deconstruction, and fragmentization of the concept of identity, the cosmopolitan turn, and the classlessness of the bourgeoisie: all have freed human beings from many limitations and chains, real or imagined.
Introduction
Authors: Sharp Matthew T.
Published: September 2023

The introduction theorises “divination” as a redescriptive third-order category with which to analyse the Apostle Paul’s methods of divine communication within his native historical context. A brief survey of previous scholarship highlights the biases and assumptions present in studies that use “revelation” or “prophecy” as controlling categories, and so prohibit rigorous contextualisation and comparison with Paul’s broader context. This survey also introduces the promises and limitations of the few previous studies that have connected Paul with the practice of divination. The final two sections situate Paul historically as a first century Jew living in the Hellenistic Roman Empire and outline the structure of the book.
Helmand Valley Sites
Authors: Trousdale William B. , Allen Mitchell
Published: September 2023

This chapters describes the 50 archaeological sites identified and surveyed by the Helmand Sistan Project along the Helmand River between Lashkar Gah and the hamun lakes. These sites date from the Bronze Age to the post-Timurid age. Each site is briefly described in the chapter with its coordinates, its type, its occupation dates(s), and its listing in the 2019 Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan (if any). A brief description of each site is provided based upon our fieldnotes and a brief summary of the material culture found there provided. Photographs of the site are included as are, in many cases, satellite photographs taken in the last decade. Those that had been studied by previous research teams were noted and their contributions described. Sites include numerous mounds (tepe), fortresses (qala), several pre-modern standing mosques, fire temples, other religious structures, and sites recently occupied with long archaeological histories, such as Qala-i Sirak and Qala-i Fath.
The Violence at the Heart of the Social Problem Novel
Authors: Pionke Albert D.
Published: September 2023

Chapter three re-examines middle-class Victorians’ anxieties over the foreseeable consequence of continued franchise reform, especially the Second Reform Act (1867): the numerical preponderance of working-class voters and the possibility, in Alexis de Tocqueville’s durable phrasing from Democracy in America (1835-40), of a “tyranny of the majority.” Displaying an interested fascination with working-class crowds as dangerous mobs, Dickens’s Barnaby Rudge (1841), Brontë’s Shirley (1849), Charles Kingsley’s Alton Locke (1850), Elizabeth Gaskell’s North and South (1855) and George Eliot’s Felix Holt: The Radical (1866) frequently conflate numerical superiority and the potential for violence in order to maintain middle-class status through categorical negation.
Introduction
Authors: Waithe Marcus
Published: September 2023

This chapter serves as the introduction to The Work of Words: Literature, Craft, and the Labour of Mind in Britain, 1830-1940. It attributes a search for new models of authorship to the demise of authorial patronage, the Smithian distinction between perishable ‘letters’ and enduring manufacture, and theories of occupational disease that presented literature as an unhealthy pursuit. While these conditions produced several responses, the solution in question – a recourse to artisanal models – is distinguished here from alternative paths, such as professionalisation or the idea of literature as a trade.
Introduction
Authors: Mitrano Mena
Published: September 2023

The introduction illustrates the aims of the book with the help of the visual work of South Korean artist Airan Kang. The hollow book forms of Kang’s Digital Book Project (2000–present) suggest that questions about what we value and what we will preserve flow directly from the practice of reading, but they also tie reading in with related questions about the ways in which we know and create knowledge. These questions bear on the core activities of literary studies, that is, criticism. Discussion first recaps recent developments in the field: the rejection of symptomatic reading and of poststructuralism, the shift from the assumption that “experience has a transcendentally linguistic character” to relational ontologies, the widespread need for a renewed sense of reality and the rise of a new type of thinker. Then, in response to the search for method and the craving for objectivity, it argues that the resurgent need for objectivity overshadows an important structural problem within the field of literary studies: the literary critic’s reliance on other disciplines. The introduction offers a roadmap for the re-evaluation of Theory as a moment of Euro-American modernization and previews the ampler, dynamic notion of critique detailed in the book’s body.
What is Critique?: Three Types of Indocility
Authors: Mitrano Mena
Published: September 2023

The keyword of this chapter is “critique.” The inquiry takes its cue from Judith Butler’s 2000 Raymond Williams lecture, “What is Critique? An Essay on Foucault’s Virtue.” Butler returns to and repeats the question that Michel Foucault asked in his own 1978 lecture “What is Critique?” to suggest that returning to the question is in itself part of critique. The repetition places the reader on the trail of a muse: the imago of a movement, a slight turning or gentle indocility, linked across time to humanity’s emancipation from immaturity. More than a method or a field, critique exemplifies an attitude. The three types of indocility of the title refer to Foucault, Theodor W. Adorno, and Walter Benjamin. Together, the three thinkers help illustrate the critical attitude, which is associated with the capacity to connect the particular—single text or event – to a larger pattern. This capacity decides the transition from criticism as fault-finding to critique, and involves a defamiliarization from the present, especially from the ways in which it suppresses life. The chapter ends by suggesting that today’s proponents of non-anthropocentric ontologies, like Bruno Latour, are on the trail of the same muse of their modernist and poststructuralist predecessors.
Language: The Return to Saussure
Authors: Mitrano Mena
Published: September 2023

This chapter expands on the principal figure of community: language. It examines the consequences of the analysis of community, shown to be a lack in common (Jean-Luc Nancy and Roberto Esposito), on the idea of language. Given the impossibility of making community, and given, too, the status of language as the main figure of the human community, one might ask whether any form of well-being is lodged in language. The chapter enlists the return to Saussure, especially through the work of Paolo Virno, to explore this question. The aim is to illuminate the notion of a beneficial resource in language that subtends our attachment to it. But taking cognizance of a beneficial resource in language means coming face to face with the twin question of human multiplicity (multitudes). In the work of Virno and of Jean-Luc Nancy, the problem of multitudes appears as an incomplete, unfinished modernist motif. The chapter proposes that the return to Saussure in contemporary thought entails a view of language that departs from the poststructuralist view, a fact that has consequences for both the concept of modernism and the intimate tie between modernism and critique.
Precursors and Woodcut Novels: 14 September 1842 to the 1930s
Authors: Williams Paul
Published: September 2023

Starting with the book-length comics made by the Genevan writer and artist Rodolphe Töpffer, Chapter 1 looks at Töpffer’s influence on both sides of the Atlantic and the many attempts at creating long comics narratives that appeared in the mid-nineteenth century. This chapter also considers how newspaper strips were reprinted in book form and one-off experiments such as A. B. Frost’s Carlo, in which the transition from one image to the next is in dialogue with media forms such as chronophotography and film. This chapter concludes by examining the woodcut novels of the first half of the twentieth century, a movement that started in the United States with Lynd Ward’s Gods’ Man: often anti-militarist and anti-capitalist, the woodcut novels narrated tales of class struggle through a series of eye-catching images, many of which could also function as political posters.
Professionals
Authors: Laine Kimmo , Laine Kimmo
Published: September 2023

This chapter focuses on the position and contribution of various groups working in film industry, from the actors, directors, producers and screenwriters to the electricians and dressmakers. With hundreds of permanent employees, the major studios were factory-like enterprises. Though smallish compared to Hollywood companies, the division of labour in the major studios was still clear with a considerable pay gap between different jobs as well as between genders. Along with examining the hierarchical structures of the majors, the chapter charts the various routes for ending up with a career in cinema, and asks what was everyday work at a film studio like.
Film politics and censorship
Authors: Laine Kimmo , Laine Kimmo
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses the relations of the state authorities and cinema from four perspectives: film as the object of taxation, film as an object of censorship, film as propaganda, and film as a means of doing national and international politics. Some of these perspectives concern film studios directly and some indirectly, either as active agents or as objects of the state’s politics, or both. Yet, each of these factors affected crucially to the preconditions and circumstances the studios operated in. Special attention is payed to the WWII years, when Finnish film industry was divided into two quarrelsome organisations: operating under the guidance of the German-led International Film Chamber, some of the distributors, cinema owners and production companies – including Suomi-Filmi and Suomen Filmiteollisuus – aimed at a total ban of Anglo-American films, while others wanted to keep on importing and screening American films. This chapter examines the various effects this dispute had on Finnish film industry and culture.
The desperate search for the exit
Authors: O'Shaughnessy Martin
Published: September 2023

This chapter focuses on the growing number of French and Francophone-Belgian films in which workers commit suicide or attempt to do so, suggesting that they are privileged vantage points from which to view the crisis of neoliberal labour and the possibility of escape from it. It draws on Žižek’s analysis of subjective, symbolic and systemic violences, and Cederström and Fleming’s theorisation of worker suicide to structure its analysis of the work done by the films. It suggests that while most of them successfully use the subjective violence of suicide to force symbolic and systemic violences into view, few explore what it might mean to kill the worker in the self. It draws upon Foucault’s account of Parrhesia to analyse the painful nature of such an exit from labour in Kervern and Delépine’s Le Grand Soir.
The deconstructive materialism of Sciamma and Kechiche
Authors: O'Shaughnessy Martin
Published: September 2023

This chapter places the films of Céline Sciamma and Abdellatif Kechiche in dialogue with Louis Althusser’s essay, ‘The underground current of the materialism of the encounter’ and Catherine Malabou’s reading of the same piece. Bringing together overarching analyses with close readings of the films, the chapter argues that, despite major differences, Sciamma and Kechiche represent a cinema of radical contingency which finds a deconstructive instability beneath existing forms, but one which also recognises the importance of pain, bodily exhaustion and material obstacles to becoming, thus refusing any alignment with neoliberal flexibility while opening a space of real political possibility. The chapter discusses the reflexive exploration of the production of images by both filmmakers but also probes some problematic aspects of their work.
From Devilish Masters to Evil Dames: Bedazzled and The Wicker Man
Authors: Rasmus Agnieszka
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses the transformation of upper-class charismatic male masters from two cult British films, Bedazzled and The Wicker Man, into either she-devils or witches in their millennial Hollywood makeovers. Interestingly, this gender reversal adaptation strategy applies equally to comedy and horror film genres back in the early 2000s, before such gender-swapping adaptation strategy became a popular Hollywood trend. The remakes change the previous class conflict to power games that result from male and female desires. Although women now appear to take centre stage, the chapter argues that their dominant position is problematic. Following industrial trends, Bedazzled is changed from a satire to a romantic comedy, with the leading female character serving as a visual accessory. Similarly, the women in The Wicker Man update become heavily-drawn caricatures, as the original’s cult classic is transformed into an unintentional disaster film.