bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The state of capacity development evaluation in biodiversity conservation and natural resource management
Authors: Sterling Eleanor J. , Sigouin Amanda , Betley Erin , Zavaleta Cheek Jennifer , Solomon Jennifer N. , Landrigan Kimberley , Porzecanski Ana L. , Bynum Nora , Cadena Bailey , Cheng Samantha H. , Clements Kaylin R. , Finchum Ryan , Geresy Mallory , Gomez Andrés , Groom Martha , Loffeld Thirza A. C. , Miller Daniel C. , Rakotobe Domoina , Rao Madhu , Roberts Ryan , Shinbrot Xoco Anna , Willigan Erin , Jones Megan S.
Published: December 2021

Capacity development is critical to long-term conservation success, yet we lack a robust and rigorous understanding of how well its effects are being evaluated. A comprehensive summary of who is monitoring and evaluating capacity development interventions, what is being evaluated and how, would help in the development of evidence-based guidance to inform design and implementation decisions for future capacity development interventions and evaluations of their effectiveness. We built an evidence map by reviewing peer-reviewed and grey literature published since 2000, to identify case studies evaluating capacity development interventions in biodiversity conservation and natural resource management. We used inductive and deductive approaches to develop a coding strategy for studies that met our criteria, extracting data on the type of capacity development intervention, evaluation methods, data and analysis types, categories of outputs and outcomes assessed, and whether the study had a clear causal model and/or used a systems approach. We found that almost all studies assessed multiple outcome types: most frequent was change in knowledge, followed by behaviour, then attitude. Few studies evaluated conservation outcomes. Less than half included an explicit causal model linking interventions to expected outcomes. Half of the studies considered external factors that could influence the efficacy of the capacity development intervention, and few used an explicit systems approach. We used framework synthesis to situate our evidence map within the broader literature on capacity development evaluation. Our evidence map (including a visual heat map) highlights areas of low and high representation in investment in research on the evaluation of capacity development.
Aspect in Heritage Greek: evidence from elicited production and online judgments
Authors: Paspali Anastasia , Rizou Vasiliki , Alexiadou Artemis
Published: December 2021

This study tests grammatical aspect in adult Heritage Speakers (HSs) of Greek in Germany (HSs-Germany) and the US (HSs-US), a topic which has not been investigated before for this language, exploring the role of the dominant language and the default value as an acquisition strategy. In an oral elicitation task (Experiment 1) targeting the production of aspectual marking in Greek, Greek monolinguals (MSs) and HSs-Germany exhibited ceiling performance, while HSs-US were significantly less accurate. Education in Greek reliably predicted their accuracy. In a speeded Grammaticality Judgment task (Experiment 2) targeting the comprehension of aspect in aGrammaticality x Aspectrepeated measures design, similar results were obtained for the grammatical conditions as in Experiment 1. In ungrammatical conditions, accuracy on aspect was affected for all groups, and this was more evident for HSs. HSs-US were overall less accurate with the morphologically marked form (perfective). Decision Times (DTs) revealed that only MSs and HSs-Germany were sensitive to aspect violations exhibiting longer DTs. Education in Greek reliably predicted accuracy and DTs. The results are discussed within the realm of heritage languages, language contact, and aspect acquisition in Greek bilingual populations. Finally, certain novel verbal forms produced by HSs are also discussed.
Sarah Grand and Oscar Wilde: Decadence, Desire, and the Double Life
Authors: Maxwell Catherine
Published: December 2021

It is usual to put the New Woman writer Sarah Grand alongside Oscar Wilde to mark their differences. However, this essay suggests that these two authors had more in common than at first appears, both with regards to the fashioning of their literary identities and to their literary productions. Grand's compendious best-selling novelThe Heavenly Twins(1893) is usually seen as realist fiction, but its interlude titled “The Tenor and the Boy,” which was actually composed much earlier, presents a stand-alone narrative that owes more to the romance mode and is much more playful in tone and spirit. It also deals with the decadent theme of the secret double life, although crucially and dramatically Grand focuses on female subterfuge. After juxtaposing Wilde's “Lady Alroy” (1887), another text about the female double life, with Grand's interlude, I subsequently consider decadent qualities common to both “The Tenor and the Boy” and other Wildean texts including theatricality, doubling, gender ambiguity, and queer desire.
Aleister Crowley's Poetic Fin de Siècle: Swinburne's Legacy, Decadent Drag, and Spiritual Sex Magick
Authors: Bristow Joseph
Published: December 2021

This article explores the extreme type of decadent eroticism that Aleister Crowley developed while an undergraduate at Cambridge in the later 1890s. The discussion focuses of Crowley's desire to appear as the main legatee of Algernon Charles Swinburne's poetry from the 1860s and 1870s. Especially significant here is Crowley's volume White Stains, which the maverick publisher Leonard Smithers issued in a privately circulated edition in 1898. In the 1920s, Crowley acknowledged that his sexual affair with Herbert Charles (“Jerome”) Pollitt was largely responsible for introducing him to the works of English and French decadent writers. Pollitt—who gained celebrity as an aesthete, art collector, and drag artist in fin de siècle Cambridge—became the major patron of Aubrey Beardsley. In 1910 Crowley acknowledged the legacy of Pollitt's decadent influence into the two concluding faux-ghazals that appear in The Scented Garden of Abdullah the Satirist of Shiraz, which is in part modeled upon Richard Burton's translation of The Perfumed Garden (1886), based on the fifteenth-century heteroerotic manual by Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Nefzawi. This 1910 volume, which celebrates sodomy through the voice of an imaginary seventeenth-century Persian poet, belongs to Crowley's established interest in taboo forms of erotic experience that relate to the occult rituals he practiced in relation to sex magick.
The Geopolitics of Decadence
Authors: Gagnier Regenia
Published: December 2021

The conditions of rapid change and modernization that swept the world from the second half of the nineteenth century enforced the new nationalisms, imperialisms, racisms, anti-Semitisms, and, more positively, sexualities that are again sweeping the world today. The longue durée of modern globalization that began with British industrialization continues with our contemporary forms of technological expansion, international competition, populist disaffection, and accompanying forms of stress, anxiety, depression, nostalgia, regression: decadence. This essay will focus on the political-economic conditions of the period and the cosmopolitanism and progressivism that resisted, and continue to resist, them. I conclude with the classic Japanese analysis of the condition, Kobayashi Hideo's “Literature of the Lost Home” (1933).
Decadence and Realism
Authors: Potolsky Matthew
Published: December 2021

This essay proposes a new understanding of the widely recognized disdain for realism and the realist novel among decadent writers, a disdain most critics have interpreted as a protomodernist celebration of artifice. Focusing on Oscar Wilde's dialogue “The Decay of Lying,” the essay argues instead that decadent antirealism is antimodern, embodying a repudiation of contemporary society. Decadent writers regard realism not as hidebound and traditional, as twentieth-century theorists would have it, but as terrifyingly modern. Wilde looks back to neoclassical theories of mimesis and classical Republican political theory to imagine a different, older world, one in which art improves upon brute reality and in which the artist stands apart from the social forces that realist novels make central to their literary universes.
Translational Decadence: Versions of Gustave Flaubert, Walter Pater, and Lafcadio Hearn
Authors: Evangelista Stefano
Published: December 2021

Literary decadence played an active role in promoting the increased circulation and critical scrutiny of literary translations in the second half of the nineteenth century. Building on Walter Benjamin's influential definition of translation as an autonomous literary form, this article examines Walter Pater's “Style” (1888) and Lafcadio Hearn's 1910 translation of Flaubert's Tentation de Saint Antoine (1874) in order to map a theory and practice of decadent translation founded on the aesthetic and ethical respect for the foreignness of the original. Paying closer attention to the aesthetics of decadent translation, as well as its social networks and material history, generates new insights on the cosmopolitan culture of decadence and Victorian literature more broadly.
Design and Development of an Automated Dual-Mode Microscopic System Using Electrically Tunable Lenses
Authors: Barak Neelam , Kumari Vineeta , Sheoran Gyanendra
Published: December 2021

Maintaining telecentricity and zooming in microscopic systems with prolonged depths of focus is a difficult challenge because these properties degrade while moving to different axial planes in the extended focal depth. In this paper, we propose the proof of concept for an automated dual-mode microscopic system that combines two electrically tunable lenses (ETLs) with a variable numerical aperture controller placed. It acts as a viable solution to allow both multiplane microscopic zooming and telecentricity with consistent image resolution throughout the objective's extended focal depth. The image plane remains fixed for both the modes of operation, namely telecentricity and multiplane zooming. To validate the performance of the proposed idea, both simulations and experiments are carried out at various ETL curvature ranges. Over the whole zoom distance range, the experimental zoom ratio is determined to range from −2.723X to −34.42X. The experimental and simulation findings are compared and found to be quite similar, with magnification error percentages of 2.26% for zoom mode and 1.27% for telecentric mode. The comprehensive explanation of simulation and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method for both multiplane zoom and telecentric operations on a single platform in microscopic applications.
Thinking Outside the Circle: TheGeistkreisand the Viennese “KreisCulture” in America
Authors: Reiss-Sorokin Ohad
Published: December 2021

Besides their ideas and social networks, émigré intellectuals bring with them practices for engagement with intellectual work. This article focuses on one such practice: the intellectualKreis[circle]. It focuses on theGeistkreis, an interwar Viennese interdisciplinary intellectual circle. Based on archival research, the article uses a number of case studies to show that theKreiswas employed by the Viennese émigrés as a mental scheme and as a recipe for action. It argues that the émigrés’ adherence to theKreisstructure explains the friction between them and their hosts. By following the attempts of formerGeistkreismembers to createKreis-like institutions in America, the article shows that theKreiswas more than mere organizational form. It represented an epistemical commitment to knowledge making as a collective effort, and the preference of general theoretical knowledge over specialized research. It also entailed an intermingling of “work” and “life” that did not conform to American norms.
Application of Vector Spherical Harmonics to the Magnetization of Mars' Crust
Authors: Gubbins David , Jiang Yi , Williams Simon E. , Zhang Keke
Published: December 2021

Mars has a magnetic field originating in its strongly magnetized crust that holds clues to the planet's interior. We apply vector spherical harmonic decomposition to simple candidate magnetic structures to separate the parts responsible for the anomalies from those that remain invisible. A uniform magnetic layer produces no anomalies: spatial variations are essential although secondary magnetization does produce a weak field that might reflect the primordial dynamo field. A hemispheric layer produces anomalies confined to the equator rather than the observed hemispheric difference. A uniformly magnetized crust with variable thickness determined from gravity and topography produces a crustal field with large anomalies at the major impact crater sites that are not observed. These anomalies are not present if the magnetic layer lies deeper than the crater floor. We conclude that decomposing magnetizations in this way is a useful tool in the interpretation of Martian magnetic anomalies.
Short term but highly efficient Cas9 expression mediated by excisional system using adenovirus vector and Cre
Authors: Nagamoto Sayaka , Agawa Miyuki , Tsuchitani Emi , Akimoto Kazunori , Matsushima Saki Kondo , Kanegae Yumi
Published: December 2021

Genome editing techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 have both become common gene engineering technologies and have been applied to gene therapy. However, the problems of increasing the efficiency of genome editing and reducing off-target effects that induce double-stranded breaks at unexpected sites in the genome remain. In this study, we developed a novel Cas9 transduction system, Exci-Cas9, using an adenovirus vector (AdV). Cas9 was expressed on a circular molecule excised by the site-specific recombinase Cre and succeeded in shortening the expression period compared to AdV, which expresses the gene of interest for at least 6 months. As an example, we chose hepatitis B, which currently has more than 200 million carriers in the world and frequently progresses to liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. The efficiencies of hepatitis B virus genome disruption by Exci-Cas9 and Cas9 expression by AdV directly (Avec) were the same, about 80–90%. Furthermore, Exci-Cas9 enabled cell- or tissue-specific genome editing by expressing Cre from a cell- or tissue-specific promoter. We believe that Exci-Cas9 developed in this study is useful not only for resolving the persistent expression of Cas9, which has been a problem in genome editing, but also for eliminating long-term DNA viruses such as human papilloma virus.
Mitochondrial genome of the critically endangered Baer’s Pochard, Aythya baeri, and its phylogenetic relationship with other Anatidae species
Authors: Liu Dawei , Zhou Yongwu , Fei Yiling , Xie Chunping , Hou Senlin
Published: December 2021

Historically, the diving duck, Baer’s Pochard (Aythya baeri) was widely distributed in East and South Asia, but according to a recent estimate, its global population is now less than 1000 individuals. To date, the mitochondrial genome ofA. baerihas not been deposited and is not available in GenBank. Therefore, we aimed to sequence the complete mitochondrial genome of this species. The genome was 16,623 bp in length, double stranded, circular in shape, and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and one non-coding control region. Many structural and compositional similarities were discovered betweenA. baeriand the other threeAythyamitochondrial genomes. Among 13 protein-coding genes of the fourAythyaspecies, the fastest-evolving gene wasATP8while the slowest-evolving gene wasCOII.Furthermore, the phylogenetic tree of Anatidae based on Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods showed that the relationships among 15 genera of the Anatidae family were as follows:Dendrocygnawas an early diverging lineage that was fairly distant from the other ingroup taxa;Cygnus,Branta, andAnserwere clustered into one branch that corresponded to the Anserinae subfamily; andAythya,Asarcornis,Netta,Anas,Mareca,Mergus,Lophodytes,Bucephala,Tadorna,Cairina, andAixwere clustered into another branch that corresponded to the Anatinae subfamily. Our target species and three otherAythyaspecies formed a monophyletic group. These results provide new mitogenomic information to support further phylogenetic and taxonomic studies and genetic conservation of Anatidae species.
PNJ scaffolds promote microenvironmental regulation of glioblastoma stem-like cell enrichment and radioresistance
Authors: Heffernan John M. , McNamara James B. , Vernon Brent L. , Mehta Shwetal , Sirianni Rachael W.
Published: December 2021

Glioblastoma recurrence is often driven by stem-like cells that have invaded healthy brain and are resistant to conventional therapy. Development of a tissue engineered platform to mimic the perivascular niche provides an opportunity to study drivers of radiation resistance.
Influence of the spatial distribution of copper sites on the selectivity of the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Smits N. W. G. , Rademaker D. , Konovalov A. I. , Siegler M. A. , Hetterscheid D. G. H.
Published: December 2021

Combination of three copper redox centers into a single complex and forcing them into close proximity lead to high selectivity for the oxygen reduction reaction towards the formation of water.
Plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition of nickel and cobalt phosphate for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Henderick Lowie , Blomme Ruben , Minjauw Matthias , Keukelier Jonas , Meersschaut Johan , Dendooven Jolien , Vereecken Philippe , Detavernier Christophe
Published: December 2021

Both a cobalt- and (novel) nickel phosphate deposited through a plasma-enhanced ALD process have been characterised as an LIB electrode.
La(iii)–curcumin-functionalized gold nanocomposite as a red light-activatable mitochondria-targeting PDT agent
Authors: Musib Dulal , Ramu Vanitha , Raza Md Kausar , Upadhyay Aarti , Pal Maynak , Kunwar Amit , Roy Mithun
Published: December 2021

Functionalization of La(iii)–curcumin to gold nanoparticles resulted in remarkable red-shifted UV-visible absorption and exhibited remarkable differential photodynamic ability towards cancer cells upon red-light activation.
Defects and stability of perovskite solar cells: a critical analysis
Authors: Duan Leiping , Uddin Ashraf
Published: December 2021

Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) continue to improve their power conversion efficiency to over 25.5%, which is at the same level as silicon solar cells.
Euphorstranoids A and B, two highly rearranged ingenane diterpenoids from Euphorbia stracheyi: structural elucidation, chemical transformation, and lipid-lowering activity
Authors: Yuan Fang-Yu , Pan Yue-Hua , Yin Ai-Ping , Li Wei , Huang Dong , Yan Xue-Long , Wu Shu-Qi , Tang Gui-Hua , Pu Rong , Yin Sheng
Published: December 2021

Euphorstranoids A (1) and B (2), two highly rearranged ingenane diterpenoids with an unusual 5/6/7/3 carbon ring system, were isolated from Euphorbia stracheyi.
Isotopic labelling experiments and enzymatic preparation of iso-casbenes with casbene synthase from Ricinus communis
Authors: Li Heng , Dickschat Jeroen S.
Published: December 2021

Casbene synthase was used to convert GGPP isomers into iso-casbenes. The enzyme mechanism and absolute configurations were investigated through stereoselective deuteration. 13C-labellings gave insights into the mass spectrometric fragmentation.
Germanium-based superatom clusters as excess electron compounds with significant static and dynamic NLO response; a DFT study
Authors: Ahsin Atazaz , Shah Ahmed Bilal , Ayub Khurshid
Published: December 2021

Herein, the geometric, electronic, and nonlinear optical properties of excess electron zintl clusters Ge5AM3, Ge9AM5, and Ge10AM3 (AM = Li, Na, and K) are investigated.
An organic molecular compound for in situ identification of mitochondrial G-quadruplexes in live cells
Authors: Guo Xiaomeng , Chen Hongbo , Liu Yan , Yang Dawei , Li Qian , Du Hongyan , Liu Meirong , Tang Yalin , Sun Hongxia
Published: December 2021

An organic compound can highly target the mitochondria of living cells and light up the G-quadruplex structure in the mitochondria with high specificity.
Mikrobiota
Authors: Schwiertz Andreas
Published: December 2021

Beobachtungsstudien der letzten 2 Jahrzehnte legen nahe, dass die Darmmikrobiota zur metabolischen Gesundheit des menschlichen Wirts und, wenn gestört, zur Pathogenese häufiger Stoffwechselstörungen wie Fettleibigkeit, Typ-2-Diabetes (T2D), nichtalkoholischer Lebererkrankung und kardio-metabolischen Erkrankungen, aber auch Unterernährung beitragen kann. Um ein mechanistisches Verständnis darüber zu erhalten, wie die Darmmikrobiota den Wirtsstoffwechsel beeinflusst, geht die Forschung derzeit von deskriptiven Mikrobiota-Volkszählungsanalysen zu Ursache-Wirkungs-Studien über. Hier soll das aktuelle Wissen darüber, wie die Darmmikrobiota und mikrobielle Prozesse den Stoffwechsel des gesunden Wirts bzw. die Pathogenese von T2D beeinflussen kann, vorgestellt werden. Durch gezielte Ernährungsumstellung sind diese Prozesse jedoch beinflussbar. Es gibt Beispiele für Interventionen, die auf die Mikrobiota abzielen und dadurch auch auf die Optimierung der Stoffwechselgesundheit abzielen. Hieraus ergeben sich Perspektiven für zukünftige grundlegende und translationale Untersuchungen in diesem aufstrebenden und vielversprechenden Forschungsbereich.
Die Vermeidung/Heilung von Insulinresistenz als Potenzial zur Diabetes-Prävention
Authors: von Bibra Helene
Published: December 2021

Insulinresistenz, zumeist eine Folge von Fehlernährung und Bewegungsmangel, ist Auslöser von Diabetes Typ 2 und vielen anderen Krankheiten. Zunehmende Forschungserkenntnisse zeigen das enorme Potenzial, hier durch Ernährungsumstellung alltägliche Prävention zu ermöglichen. Die direkten Zusammenhänge von verzehrten Kohlenhydrat- und Zuckermengen und die veränderten Stoffwechselabläufe bei Insulinresistenz führen folgerichtig zu einem klaren Empfehlungsmuster für einen gesünderen Lebensstil. Dabei geht es nicht mehr wie früher um den Lebensmittelgehalt an ungesättigten Fettsäuren oder Cholesterin, sondern um Essmuster mit niedriger glykämischer Last bei mediterranem Gemüsereichtum und um den gesenkten Konsum verarbeiteter Lebensmittel bzw. von Fertiggerichten.
The structure and collective oscillations of linear systems of particles with van der Waals interaction
Authors: Syvokon V. E. , Sokolova E. S. , Sokolov S. S.
Published: December 2021

The simulation of a system of particles, located in the plane, with van der Waals interaction described by the Lennard-Jones potential is carried out. The possibility of the existence of a solitary chain of particles, as well as the formation of linear systems of two and three chains, has been established. The spectrum of vibrations of the systems was determined for various configurations and the characteristic frequencies of the vibrations were found. The dispersion law of collective modes is calculated theoretically by the method of equations of motion for small displacements of atoms from their equilibrium position when analyzing the compatibility condition for the arising system of equations. The obtained values of the characteristic frequencies are in rather good agreement with the results obtained in the Fourier analysis of the time dependence of the displacements of particles from their equilibrium positions along and across the system.
A proposed architecture for single-species qubits in trapped-ion systems
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: December 2021

An arrangement of qubits employs multiple metastable states of a single ionic species to simplify computing architecture.
Excited state lifetimes in diamond nitrogen vacancy centers depend on temperature
Authors: Cockshott Anne
Published: December 2021

Single-point temperature measurements will aid development of optical sensors under extreme conditions.
Dietary supplementation with biosynthesised nano-selenium affects growth, carcass characteristics, meat quality and blood parameters of broiler chickens
Authors: Khajeh Bami M. , Afsharmanesh M. , Espahbodi M.
Published: December 2021

Context Selenium is an essential micronutrient that plays an important role in livestock nutrition. Aims The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of green synthesised nano-selenium (GNS) on growth, carcass characteristics, meat quality and blood indices of broiler chickens when compared with sodium selenite (SS) as inorganic selenium. Methods A total of 360 1-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly divided into four experimental treatments, with six replicates of 15 birds per each. The treatments were as follows: (1) basal diet supplemented with 0.15 mg/kg of SS (control group), and (2–4) basal diet supplemented with 0.075, 0.15 and 0.3 mg/kg of GNS, respectively. Key results The results showed that there was no influence of GNS supplementation on the growth of broiler chickens (P > 0.05). The relative weights of the carcass, breast, leg, pancreas, gizzard, and abdominal fat at 21 and 42 days were not affected by treatment. However, at 42 days, the lowest relative weight of the liver was for birds fed diets containing 0.3 mg/kg GNS. Compared with SS, the meat of birds fed GNS dietary supplements at 0.3 mg/kg had greater water-holding capacity, redness, yellowness and chroma values, and lower meat thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and drip loss values (P < 0.05). Compared with SS, broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with GNS at 0.3 mg/kg had greater amounts of total protein in serum. In this study, no major differences were observed in serum glucose, cholesterol, lipoprotein, thyroid hormone, and liver function levels and biomarkers of kidney function. Conclusions Taken together, the findings from this study indicate that GNS improved the quality of meat relative to SS, but had no effect on growth efficiency, carcass characteristics or broiler blood indices. Implications These results provide a basis for the application of eco-friendly GNS as an alternative of inorganic selenium in a mineral premix in chicken broiler diets.
Another look at the interaction between verbs and constructions
Authors: Iwata Seizi
Published: December 2021

Despite the wealth of literature on English resultatives, there still remain a number of issues that have not been squarely addressed. This paper addresses two of them through a case study of resultatives based onwipe. First, while the existence of resultatives with objects not selected by verbs is well-known in the literature (e.g.,wipe the crumbs off the table/*wipe the crumbs), few studies have addressed the issue of exactly which entities may appear as non-selected objects. Second, there are resultatives whose form is to be analyzed as a mixture of the verb’s lexically-specified syntactic frame and the syntactic frame of resultatives (e.g.wipe the blade clean on his skin coat), but such resultatives have been neglected in previous studies.

In order to find an answer to the first issue, this paper adopts a force-recipient account, according to which the post-verbal NP of a resultative is a force-recipient (cf.Croft 1990,1991,1998,2012). It is shown that non-selected objects likecrumbsare indeed force-recipients in a conceptual scene. As for the second issue, such resultatives can be accommodated by means of a constructional analysis which holds that verbs contribute the semantics of the resulting expression, and that argument structure constructions simply enable the verb meaning to take its form. Together, these findings indicate that verbs play a far more important role than argument structure constructions in effecting the syntax and semantics of the resulting expression.
Haagse Harry, a Dutch chav from The Hague?
Authors: Cole Amanda , Tieken-Boon van Ostade Ingrid
Published: December 2021

This paper presents two remarkably similar characterological figures who are stereotyped embodiments of working-class personas: Haagse Harry in The Hague and chavs in England. The two figures have similar attires, class positions, attitudes, and associated attributes. We compare and contextualize the indexical links between their linguistic features and their social characteristics. Firstly, while chavs can be both men and women, the fictional persona Haagse Harry represents an all-male lower-working-class subculture. Secondly, while Haagse Harry consistently speaks Broad Haags, the language of chavs is not rooted in any single regional dialect but invariably indexes working-class features. Thirdly, Haagse Harry, and his sociolect, has a higher social status compared to the language and persona of chavs, who embody British class prejudice. We demonstrate that the repertoire of linguistic features deployed in the stylisation of characterological figures is strongly dependent on patterns of variation and ideas that are prevalent in the local speech community.
Soil characteristics and ecological thresholds of
Suaeda salsa
wetlands
Authors: Qian Fengkui , Zhou Yang , Li Wanning , Wang Xiangguo , Sun Zhentao , Liu Guize , Wei Haifeng
Published: December 2021

Suaeda salsa
is an annual euhalophyte in estuarine wetlands. Soil properties of wetlands have an important influence on S. salsa growth. Therefore, the soil ecological thresholds is valuable for the restoration of degraded S. salsa wetlands. The objectives of this present study were to analyze the soil physicochemical properties and evaluate the soil ecological thresholds in the typical degraded areas for S. salsa growth. Soil text components became coarser with increased sand contents and less clay contents, as the higher degree of wetland degradation. Meanwhile, the salt contents in different soil depths gradually increased with the increased degree of degradation of wetlands. Evident changes in soil water content, organic matter content, and cations concentrations were not observed, while the concentrations of these factors were higher in the soil layer of 0–10 cm than those in the 20–30 cm. The soil pH in the 0–10 cm soil layer was lower than that in the 20–30 cm. The content of the three available nutrients did not change evidently with the increasing degree of degradation. The optimum thresholds of soil salinity and water content were 7.073–16.613 g/kg and 31.8–63.2%, respectively.
Topological delocalization transitions and mobility edges in the nonreciprocal Maryland model
Authors: Zhou Longwen , Gu Yongjian
Published: December 2021

Non-Hermitian effects could trigger spectrum, localization and topological phase transitions in quasiperiodic lattices. We propose a non-Hermitian extension of the Maryland model, which forms a paradigm in the study of localization and quantum chaos by introducing asymmetry to its hopping amplitudes. The resulting nonreciprocal Maryland model is found to possess a real-to-complex spectrum transition at a finite amount of hopping asymmetry, through which it changes from a localized phase to a mobility edge phase. Explicit expressions of the complex energy dispersions, phase boundaries and mobility edges are found. A topological winding number is further introduced to characterize the transition between different phases. Our work introduces a unique type of non-Hermitian quasicrystal, which admits exactly obtainable phase diagrams, mobility edges, and holding no extended phases at finite nonreciprocity in the thermodynamic limit.
Microdosimetric characterization of a clinical proton therapy beam: comparison between simulated lineal energy distributions in spherical water targets and experimental measurements with a silicon detector
Authors: Parisi Alessio , Olko Pawel , Swakoń Jan , Horwacik Tomasz , Jabłoński Hubert , Malinowski Leszek , Nowak Tomasz , Struelens Lara , Vanhavere Filip
Published: December 2021

Objective. Treatment planning based on computer simulations was proposed to account for the increased relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of proton radiotherapy beams near to the edges of the irradiated volume. Since silicon detectors could be used to validate the results of these simulations, it is important to explore the limitations of this comparison. Approach. Microdosimetric measurements with a MicroPlus Bridge V2 silicon detector (thickness = 10 μm) were performed along the Bragg peak of a clinical proton beam. The lineal energy distributions, the dose-mean values, and the RBE calculated with a biological weighting function were compared with PHITS simulations (microdosimetric target = 1 μm water sphere), and published clonogenic survival in vitro RBE data for the V79 cell line. The effect of the silicon-to-water conversion was also investigated by comparing three different methodologies (conversion based on a single value, novel bin-to-bin conversions based on SRIM and PSTAR). Main results. Mainly due to differences in the microdosimetric targets, the experimental dose-mean lineal energy and RBE values at the distal edge were respectively up to 53% and 28% lower than the simulated ones. Furthermore, the methodology chosen for the silicon-to-water conversion was proven to affect the dose-mean lineal energy and the RBE10 up to 32% and 11% respectively. The best methodology to compensate for this underestimation was the bin-to-bin silicon-to-water conversion based on PSTAR. Significance. This work represents the first comparison between PHITS-simulated lineal energy distributions in water targets and corresponding experimental spectra measured with silicon detectors. Furthermore, the effect of the silicon-to-water conversion on the RBE was explored for the first time. The proposed methodology based on the PSTAR bin-to-bin conversion appears to provide superior results with respect to commonly used single scaling factors and is recommended for future studies.
Attenuation and rheological analysis of magnetic field-induced responsiveness for the magnetorheological elastomer-based composite
Authors: Chen Longsheng , Lv Qian , Gong Yao , Zou Lili
Published: December 2021

A novel self-supporting multi-layer magnetorheological elastomer-based (MRE-based) composite with large magnetic field-induced responsiveness has been designed and fabricated. We characterized its morphological properties, evaluated the impact of fabrication conditions on its field-induced responsiveness, investigated attenuation of its field-induced responsiveness under different storage temperatures along with time and analyzed this mechanism from the perspective of rheology. The results showed that the MRE-based composite had homogeneous dispersing of the magnetic fillers and a clear interface between different layers. The field-induced responsiveness of the MRE-based composite could be affected by the fabrication conditions, and it attenuated at different rates when subjected to different storage temperatures along with time; its attenuation period lasted a few days under room temperature while over one month under low temperature (4 °C). The rheological analysis results indicated a long-term cross-linking process over the storage period along with the attenuation of field-induced responsiveness, which might lead to increasing elasticity (indicated by the loss factor tan δ) and rigidity (indicated by the storage modulus G′) of the MRE-based composite along with the storage period. What’s more, emerging feature of Payne effect could be found on MRE-based composite during cyclic shear, which indicated decline of the mechanical properties due to strain-induced inherent friction. On the other hand, the iron fillers in MRE layer could enhance the shear modulus and lead to MR effect (up to 187%) for the whole composite, which benefits to the magnetic field-induced responsiveness, due to the relative strengthen of the MRE layer against the assist layer. This work presents a better understanding on the attenuation of the field-induced responsiveness, which is important for the future application of the MRE-based composite.
DNA hydrogel to improve solution-gate graphene field effect transistor in all-solid-state
Authors: Hu S. , Jia Y.
Published: December 2021

The solution-gate graphene field effect transistor
(Sg-GFET), as a popular sensing platform, its applications are still
hindered by the deficiency in all-solid-state, due to the dependence
on liquid-state gate-dielectric. Inspired by DNA hydrogel which can
provide microporous architecture to accommodate the fluidic analyte,
moreover, its combination with graphene is believed to foster
electron transport in the field of electrochemistry. We are
interested to take advantage of DNA hydrogel's solid-state and
capability for holding solution, and investigate whether it can
replace the traditional solution. So pure DNA hydrogel, their
complexes with GO (GO/DNA hydrogel) and RGO (RGO/DNA hydrogel) are
studied herein. Their micro-porous 3D morphologies are demonstrated,
their influences on the electrical characteristics of GFETs are
carefully examined and proved to be able to maintain the typical
bipolarity of Sg-GFET, firstly. Then, pure DNA hydrogel and GO/DNA
hydrogel are selected as the optimized gate-dielectrics, because of
their renewability after dehydration. Furthermore, by using
aptamer-based heavy metal ions (Pb2+ and Hg2+) detections
as proof-of-concept, the strategies for building the sensing
platform based on the optimized hydrogel dielectric-gated GFETs are
studied. It is found, for the purpose of substituting fluidic
dielectric in traditional Sg-GFET, the scheme of directly mounting
aptamer on graphene channel and coating pure DNA hydrogel on it is
demonstrated to be better than the strategies of using GO/DNA
hydrogel and hybriding aptamer probes in hydrogel scaﬀold. It is
explained according to surface charge sensing mechanism. At last,
the performances of the sensing platform based on the proposed DNA
hydrogel gated GFETs are testified by the detections and selectivity
examinations for Pb2+ and Hg2+. Conclusively, pure DNA
hydrogel is expected to be a promising candidate in the future
all-solid-state Sg-GFET.
Corrections to Kusnetz method for measurements of radon progeny concentrations in air
Authors: Nusair O.
Published: December 2021

In 1956, H.L. Kusnetz proposed a quick method for radon progeny concentration measurement in mine atmosphere using a single gross-alpha count of a membrane-filtered air. The method is still widely used today and is based on a number of impractical assumptions. An instantaneous sampling time (less than ten seconds), is one of these assumptions that ignores the build-up and decay of the progeny on the filter paper during the sampling period, which is typically in the order of a few minutes. Of special concern is the 214Bi decay during the sampling period, since 214Po's alphas are lost during the sampling time and cannot be accounted for during the counting time. In addition, the method assumes that 214Bi activity during the counting period is constant. This inaccurate assumption can result in a smaller count rate, especially when counting times are long. Hence, underestimated working levels are expected when using Kusnetz factors without correcting for the sampling and counting times. In this technical report, exact sampling and counting time corrections to the method are provided along with the updated Kusnetz factors that correspond to common equilibrium conditions to correctly estimate the Working Level in air. Additionally, time corrections to the commonly used self-absorption correction formula and the lower level of detectability (LLD) equation used for any sample measurement are given.
The positive exchange bias property with hopping switching behavior in van der Waals magnet FeGeTe
Authors: Hu Shaojie , Cui Xiaomin , Yue Zengji , Wang Pangpang , Guo Lei , Ohnishi Kohei , Wang Xiaolin , Kimura Takashi
Published: December 2021

The magnetic exchange bias (EB) effect is one of the representative interlayer magnetic coupling phenomena and is widely utilized in numerous technological applications. However, its mechanism is still elusive even in a simple magnetic bilayered system because of the complex interface magnetic orders. Van der Waals (vdW) layered magnetic materials may provide an essential platform for deeply understanding the detailed mechanism of the EB owing to its ideal interface structure. Here we first observed the positive exchange-biased anomalous Hall effect with a hopping switching behavior in the FeGeTe vdW nano-flakes. After systemically studying the cooling field dependence properties of the EB effect, we propose that the coexistence of stable and frustrated surface magnetization of the antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase will modify the total interface coupling energy density between the ferromagnetic and AFM phases. This model could provide a consistent description for such unusual EB effect based on microspin simulation.
Examining Education Reforms of India in the Matrix of Rights and Biopolitics
Authors: Dalal Jyoti
Published: December 2021

Three significant reforms were established at the turn of the century in India: the National Curriculum Framework of 2005, the National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education of 2009, and the Right to Education Act of 2009.

All three reforms reflect a contradiction between the rights of citizens and the regulatory biopolitical inertia of the state. Indian State has undergone cyclical shifts in its orientation. In certain phases, rights became the fulcrum to guide policy and legal framework, and in other phases, the regulatory impulse of the state was at the center. The neoliberal turn of the 1990s marked a sharp shift in which the state left behind its welfare outlook and adopted a more regulatory structure. The rights-based agenda of the three reforms needs to be understood against the backdrop of the changing nature of the state. The three reforms stand apart from those instituted before and after, in that they were informed by a critique of the rights-based framework even while working within it.

The three reforms and their social context provide an example of the tension between rights and biopolitics; the reforms emerged as a response to this tension. While proposing rights-based reforms in school education, the intent was much more ambitious, going beyond the immediate domain of education. Occurring in the middle of a neoliberal, market-driven discourse, these reforms critiqued the 21st-century state and pushed it to serve the role of a provider and not just a regulator.
Reproductive Health Justice
Authors: Chávez-Baray Silvia M. , Moya Eva M. , Martinez Omar
Published: December 2021

Reproductive health endeavors in regard to prevention, treatment, and emerging disparities and inequities like lack of access to comprehensive and equitable reproductive health for immigrants and LGBTQ+ populations are discussed. Practice-based approaches for reproductive health justice and access care models, to advance reproductive justice, are included. Implications for macro social work practice and historical perspectives, practices, and social movements of reproductive health justice in the United States to promote reproductive health justice in the context of political, legal, health, and social justice efforts are salient to advance social justice.
Gilchrist-James, Gayle
Authors: Kreitzer Linda , Ramsay Richard
Published: December 2021

Gayle Gilchrist-James (1940–2008) was a leader in social work in Canada and around the world. Through her social work practice, academia, and leadership at the national and international levels, she exemplified what a social worker could do through hard work, vision, and passion. Her wholistic systems view gave her the sense of “no limits” about her life and work. Her leadership was rooted in compassion and a humanitarian perspective. She was a role model to students and faculty at the University of Calgary in her teaching style and how she cared deeply for the students she taught. Her crowning accomplishments were her work with the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW) as vice-president (North America) and president and the creation of the IFSW’s Commission on Human Rights.
Philpott, Florence
Authors: DeJong Kim
Published: December 2021

Florence Philpott (1909–1992) was a Canadian social worker and leader in the field. Philpott worked as a caseworker, community organizer, educator, and she was involved in social planning and policy development. Philpott demonstrated strong leadership in community organizations concerned with poverty, homelessness, and unemployment. As executive director of the Social Planning Council of Metropolitan Toronto, she mobilized a Needs and Resources Study that exposed inadequate relief rates and insufficient community support. Philpott contributed to the professionalization of social work in Canada as executive director of the Canadian Association of Social Workers in Ottawa from 1964 to 1971. Her extensive volunteer and work experience in the field of social work illustrates her commitment to advocating better relief rates for those living in poverty, guiding organizations in resource allocation, and promoting the role of social workers in the community.
BATL: Bayesian annotations for targeted lipidomics
Authors: Chitpin Justin G , Surendra Anuradha , Nguyen Thao T , Taylor Graeme P , Xu Hongbin , Alecu Irina , Ortega Roberto , Tomlinson Julianna J , Crawley Angela M , McGuinty Michaeline , Schlossmacher Michael G , Saunders-Pullman Rachel , Cuperlovic-Culf Miroslava , Bennett Steffany A L , Perkins Theodore J
Published: December 2021

Motivation

Bioinformatic tools capable of annotating, rapidly and reproducibly, large, targeted lipidomic datasets are limited. Specifically, few programs enable high-throughput peak assessment of liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry data acquired in either selected or multiple reaction monitoring modes.

Results

We present here Bayesian Annotations for Targeted Lipidomics, a Gaussian naïve Bayes classifier for targeted lipidomics that annotates peak identities according to eight features related to retention time, intensity, and peak shape. Lipid identification is achieved by modeling distributions of these eight input features across biological conditions and maximizing the joint posterior probabilities of all peak identities at a given transition. When applied to sphingolipid and glycerophosphocholine selected reaction monitoring datasets, we demonstrate over 95% of all peaks are rapidly and correctly identified.

Availability and implementation

BATL software is freely accessible online at https://complimet.ca/batl/ and is compatible with Safari, Firefox, Chrome and Edge.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
CoV-Spectrum: analysis of globally shared SARS-CoV-2 data to identify and characterize new variants
Authors: Chen Chaoran , Nadeau Sarah , Yared Michael , Voinov Philippe , Xie Ning , Roemer Cornelius , Stadler Tanja
Published: December 2021

The CoV-Spectrum website supports the identification of new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and the tracking of known variants. Its flexible amino acid and nucleotide mutation search allows querying of variants before they are designated by a lineage nomenclature system. The platform brings together SARS-CoV-2 data from different sources and applies analyses. Results include the proportion of different variants over time, their demographic and geographic distributions, common mutations, hospitalization and mortality probabilities, estimates for transmission fitness advantage and insights obtained from wastewater samples.

Availability and implementation

CoV-Spectrum is available at https://cov-spectrum.org. The code is released under the GPL-3.0 license at https://github.com/cevo-public/cov-spectrum-website.