bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Simulation of Land Use and Ecosystem Service Value Assessment in Agro-Pastoral Ecotone, China
Authors: Liu Longlong , Bao Shengwang , Han Maochun , Li Hongmei , Hu Yingshuang , Zhang Lixue
Published: July 2024

In the past, during development processes, major ecological and environmental problems have occurred in the agro-pastoral ecotone of China, which have had a strong impact on regional sustainable development. As such, analyzing the evolution of the regional ecosystem service value (ESV) and predicting the futural spatio-temporal evolution under different development scenarios will provide a scientific basis for further sustainable development. This research analyzed the regional land use and land cover change (LUCC) from 2000 to 2020, adopted the Mark-PLUS model to construct different scenarios (prioritizing grassland development, PDG; prioritizing cropland development, PCD; business as usual, BAU), and simulated the future LUCC. The driving factors influencing each land use type were revealed using the PLUS model. Based on the LUCC data, the spatio-temporal distribution of the regional ESV was calculated via the ESV equivalent factor method, including four primary services (supply service, adjustment service, support service, and cultural service) and eleven secondary services (water resource supply, maintaining nutrient circulation, raw material production, aesthetic landscape, food production, environmental purification, soil conservation, maintaining biodiversity, gas regulation, climate regulation, and hydrologic regulation). The results showed that the total ESV increased first and then declined from 2000 to 2020, reaching the highest value of CNY 8207.99 million in 2005. In the different future scenarios, the ESV shows a trend of PGD (CNY 8338.79 million) > BAU (CNY 8194.82 million) > PCD (CNY 8131.10 million). The global Moran index also follows this distribution. Additionally, precipitation (18%), NDVI (16%), and DEM (16%) are the most important factors in the regional LUCC. The spatial agglomeration characteristics of ESV were revealed using the global Moran’s index and local indicators of spatial auto-correlation, which show a high coordination degree between the high–high cluster areas and water areas. These results point out the key points in the next step of ecological restoration projects and help with achieving the sustainable development goals more effectively.
Spatiotemporal Dynamic Changes and Prediction of Wild Fruit Forests in Emin County, Xinjiang, China, Based on Random Forest and PLUS Model
Authors: Sun Qian , Guo Liang , Gao Guizhen , Hu Xinyue , Song Tingwei , Huang Jinyi
Published: July 2024

As an important ecosystem, the wild fruit forest in the Tianshan Mountains is one of the origins of many fruit trees in the world. The wild fruit forest in Emin County, Xinjiang, China, was taken as the research area, the spatial and temporal distribution of the wild fruit forest was inverted using random forest and PLUS models, and the 2027 distribution pattern of the wild fruit forest was simulated and predicted. From 2007 to 2013, damage to the wild fruit forest from tourism and overgrazing was very serious, and the area occupied by the wild fruit forest decreased rapidly from 9.59 km2 to 7.66 km2. From 2013 to 2020, suitable temperatures and reasonable tourism management provided strong conditions for the rejuvenation of wild fruit forests. The distance of the center of gravity of the wild fruit forest increased, and the density of distribution of the wild fruit forest in the northwest direction of the study area also increased. It is predicted that the wild fruit forest in the study area will show a steady and slowly increasing trend in places far away from tourist areas and with more complex terrain. It is suggested that non-permanent fences be set up as buffer zones between wild fruit forests, ensuring basic maintenance of wild fruit forests, limiting human disturbance such as overgrazing, and reducing the risk of soil erosion.
Financial Security as a Basis for the Sustainable Development of Small and Medium-Sized Renewable Energy Companies—A Polish Perspective
Authors: Kayzer Dariusz , Czerwińska-Kayzer Dorota , Florek Joanna , Staniszewski Ryszard
Published: July 2024

In conditions of economic and political instability, when unpredictability affects business, the need for security, including financial security, becomes particularly important. In our study, we address this issue, with the main objective of comparing and evaluating the financial security of small and medium-sized renewable energy companies in Poland according to sustainable development goals. In order to study and describe relationships between selected groups of companies, financial ratios were used, including canonical variate analysis. The liquidity ratios of the surveyed companies indicated a low level of financial security in terms of the ability to meet short-term liabilities. The profitability of operations was low and did not contribute to the improvement of financial security in most of the companies. The lowest return on assets was found in the group of biogas plants. Higher profitability of assets was found in solar power plants, including those with system installations. Solar power plants were also characterized by a high level of total debt and a rapid turnover of assets in comparison to other studied companies. The results show that the financial security of small and medium-sized renewable energy enterprises in Poland is low, which may be a threat to sustainable development in the future.
Traffic Safety, Fuel Tax Intensity and Sustainable Development Efficiency of Transportation: Evidence from China
Authors: Lu Mingxuan , Chen Peirong
Published: July 2024

Negative externalities of transportation have long been a concern globally, and sustainable transportation is a shared goal among nations. Fuel taxes are regarded as an important economic means for transportation to curb fuel consumption, reduce traffic environmental pollution and realize green transportation. This study constructs a new index, Sustainable Development Efficiency (SDE), which integrates economic, environmental, and social sustainability using the Range Adjusted Measure (RAM) model of non-radial data envelopment analysis. Furthermore, the study employs the system Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) method to estimate the policy impact of diesel fuel tax on transportation SDE in China. The results indicate that a higher intensity of diesel fuel tax indirectly enhances transportation SDE in China by inhibiting the increase in truck ownership and operation in developed provinces regarding road freight transportation. Conversely, in less-developed provinces, the intensity of the diesel fuel tax can indirectly contribute to the increase in SDE by curbing the number of traffic accidents. Regional heterogeneity in SDE is evident: while western China shows potential for growth in road freight transport under the premise of ensuring environmental and social benefits, eastern China should speed up efforts to transform road freight transport into a more environmentally friendly and safer mode of transport.
A Novel Cytotoxic Mechanism for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells Induced by the Type II Heat-Labile Enterotoxin LT-IIc through Ganglioside Ligation
Authors: King-Lyons Natalie D. , Bhati Aryana S. , Hu John C. , Mandell Lorrie M. , Shenoy Gautam N. , Willison Hugh J. , Connell Terry D.
Published: July 2024

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which constitutes 10–20 percent of all breast cancers, is aggressive, has high metastatic potential, and carries a poor prognosis due to limited treatment options. LT-IIc, a member of the type II subfamily of ADP-ribosylating—heat-labile enterotoxins that bind to a distinctive set of cell-surface ganglioside receptors—is cytotoxic toward TNBC cell lines, but has no cytotoxic activity for non-transformed breast epithelial cells. Here, primary TNBC cells, isolated from resected human tumors, showed an enhanced cytotoxic response specifically toward LT-IIc, in contrast to other enterotoxins that were tested. MDA-MB-231 cells, a model for TNBC, were used to evaluate potential mechanisms of cytotoxicity by LT-IIc, which induced elevated intracellular cAMP and stimulated the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway. To dissect the role of ADP-ribosylation, cAMP induction, and ganglioside ligation in the cytotoxic response, MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed to wild-type LT-IIc, the recombinant B-pentamer of LT-IIc that lacks the ADP-ribosylating A polypeptide, or mutants of LT-IIc with an enzymatically inactivated A1-domain. These experiments revealed that the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of LT-IIc was nonessential for inducing the lethality of MDA-MB-231 cells. In contrast, a mutant LT-IIc with an altered ganglioside binding activity failed to trigger a cytotoxic response in MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, the pharmacological inhibition of ganglioside expression protected MDA-MB-231 cells from the cytotoxic effects of LT-IIc. These data establish that ganglioside ligation, but not the induction of cAMP production nor ADP-ribosyltransferase activity, is essential to initiating the LT-IIc-dependent cell death of MDA-MB-231 cells. These experiments unveiled previously unknown properties of LT-IIc and gangliosides in signal transduction, offering the potential for the targeted treatment of TNBC, an option that is desperately needed.
A Glycoprotein-Based Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy–Lateral Flow Assay Method for Abrin and Ricin Detection
Authors: Xiao Lan , Luo Li , Liu Jia , Liu Luyao , Han Han , Xiao Rui , Guo Lei , Xie Jianwei , Tang Li
Published: July 2024

Abrin and ricin, both type II ribosome-inactivating proteins, are toxins of significant concern and are under international restriction by the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention. The development of a rapid and sensitive detection method for these toxins is of the utmost importance for the first emergency response. Emerging rapid detection techniques, such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and lateral flow assay (LFA), have garnered attention due to their high sensitivity, good selectivity, ease of operation, low cost, and disposability. In this work, we generated stable and high-affinity nanotags, via an efficient freezing method, to serve as the capture module for SERS-LFA. We then constructed a sandwich-style lateral flow test strip using a pair of glycoproteins, asialofetuin and concanavalin A, as the core affinity recognition molecules, capable of trace measurement for both abrin and ricin. The limit of detection for abrin and ricin was 0.1 and 0.3 ng/mL, respectively. This method was applied to analyze eight spiked white powder samples, one juice sample, and three actual botanic samples, aligning well with cytotoxicity assay outcomes. It demonstrated good inter-batch and intra-batch reproducibility among the test strips, and the detection could be completed within 15 min, indicating the suitability of this SERS-LFA method for the on-site rapid detection of abrin and ricin toxins.
Interrogating Genomes and Geography to Unravel Multiyear Vesicular Stomatitis Epizootics
Authors: Humphreys John M. , Shults Phillip T. , Velazquez-Salinas Lauro , Bertram Miranda R. , Pelzel-McCluskey Angela M. , Pauszek Steven J. , Peters Debra P. C. , Rodriguez Luis L.
Published: July 2024

We conducted an integrative analysis to elucidate the spatial epidemiological patterns of the Vesicular Stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) during the 2014–15 epizootic cycle in the United States (US). Using georeferenced VSNJV genomics data, confirmed vesicular stomatitis (VS) disease cases from surveillance, and a suite of environmental factors, our study assessed environmental and phylogenetic similarity to compare VS cases reported in 2014 and 2015. Despite uncertainties from incomplete virus sampling and cross-scale spatial processes, patterns suggested multiple independent re-invasion events concurrent with potential viral overwintering between sequential seasons. Our findings pointed to a geographically defined southern virus pool at the US–Mexico interface as the source of VSNJV invasions and overwintering sites. Phylodynamic analysis demonstrated an increase in virus diversity before a rise in case numbers and a pronounced reduction in virus diversity during the winter season, indicative of a genetic bottleneck and a significant narrowing of virus variation between the summer outbreak seasons. Environment–vector interactions underscored the central role of meta-population dynamics in driving disease spread. These insights emphasize the necessity for location- and time-specific management practices, including rapid response, movement restrictions, vector control, and other targeted interventions.
Application of Methods Detecting Xenotransplantation-Relevant Viruses for Screening German Slaughterhouse Pigs
Authors: Jhelum Hina , Kaufer Benedikt , Denner Joachim
Published: July 2024

Detection methods have been developed to prevent transmission of zoonotic or xenozoonotic porcine viruses after transplantation of pig organs or cells to the recipient (xenotransplantation). Eleven xenotransplantation-relevant viruses, including porcine cytomegalovirus, porcine roseolovirus (PCMV/PRV), porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses -1, -2, -3 (PLHV-1, 2, 3), porcine parvovirus (PPV), porcine circovirus 2, 3, 4 (PCV2, 3, 4), hepatitis E virus genotype 3 (HEV3), porcine endogenous retrovirus-C (PERV-C), and recombinant PERV-A/C have been selected. In the past, several pig breeds, minipigs, and genetically modified pigs generated for xenotransplantation had been analyzed using these methods. Here, spleen, liver, and blood samples from 10 German slaughterhouse pigs were screened using both PCR-based and immunological assays. Five viruses: PCMV/PRV, PLHV-1, PLHV-3, and PERV-C, were found in all animals, and PCV3 in one animal. Some animals were latently infected with PCMV/PRV, as only virus-specific antibodies were detected. Others were also PCR positive in the spleen and/or liver, indicative of an ongoing infection. These results provide important information on the viruses that infect German slaughterhouse pigs, and together with the results of previous studies, they reveal that the methods and test strategies efficiently work under field conditions.
Antimicrobial Strategies Proposed for the Treatment of S. pseudintermedius and Other Dermato-Pathogenic Staphylococcus spp. in Companion Animals: A Narrative Review
Authors: Stefanetti Valentina , Passamonti Fabrizio , Rampacci Elisa
Published: July 2024

The treatment of dermato-pathogenic Staphylococcus spp., particularly Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, in companion animals presents significant challenges due to rising antimicrobial resistance. This review explores innovative strategies to combat these infections. We examined novel antimicrobials and the repurposing of existing drugs to enhance their efficacy against resistant strains. Additionally, we evaluate the potential of natural products, nanomaterials, and skin antiseptics as alternative treatments. The review also investigates the use of antimicrobial peptides and bacteriophages, highlighting their targeted action against staphylococcal pathogens. Furthermore, the role of adjuvants in antibiotic treatments, such as antimicrobial resistance breakers, is discussed, emphasizing their ability to enhance therapeutic outcomes. Our analysis underscores the importance of a multifaceted approach in developing effective antimicrobial strategies for companion animals, aiming to mitigate resistance and improve clinical management of staphylococcal skin infections.
Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma with Cutaneous Metastasis in a Dog
Authors: Greyling Anita , van der Weyden Louise , Lensink Antonia V. , O’Dell Nicolize
Published: July 2024

Primary lung cancer is rare in dogs and depending on the tumour stage and subtype, the prognosis can be poor. In this report, we describe a 10 year-old female intact Yorkshire terrier that presented progressive weight loss and chronic pain of unknown origin. Due to the poor condition of the dog, it was subsequently euthanized. Post-mortem evaluation revealed a single large mass in the left caudal lung lobe, with numerous pale, proliferative lesions of various sizes dispersed throughout all the lobes. Additionally, a solitary skin mass was palpated on the mid-thoracic body wall. Histopathological examination of the lung samples revealed multiple distinct, non-encapsulated, expansive neoplastic epithelial cell proliferations with dense cellularity, exhibiting growth patterns, ranging from papillary to micropapillary to solid, accompanied by central areas of necrosis. In some areas, microvilli-like structures were observed on the luminal cytoplasmic margins of the neoplastic cells. The histopathology of the skin mass closely resembled that of the lung. Electron microscopy of the skin samples revealed regions containing cells resembling the respiratory epithelium, along with cells exhibiting processes or microvilli indicative of cilia. The diagnosis was pulmonary adenocarcinoma with cutaneous metastasis. This is the first report of a canine with primary lung cancer that metastasized to the skin.
The Impact of R&D and Non-R&D Subsidies on Technological Innovation in Chinese Electric Vehicle Enterprises
Authors: Zhao Qiu , Li Zhuoqian , Zhang Chao
Published: July 2024

The effectiveness of government subsidies for electric vehicle (EV) enterprises and future improvements to subsidy policies to promote industry development have garnered widespread attention. Distinct mechanisms exist through which R&D and non-R&D subsidies impact enterprise innovation. This paper differentiates between R&D and non-R&D subsidies and uses data from listed companies and New Third Board companies in China from 2013 to 2022 to empirically analyze the effects of these two types of subsidies on the innovation of EV enterprises from the perspectives of innovation strategy and the industrial chain. The results show that both R&D and non-R&D subsidies effectively alleviate the inhibiting effects of financing constraints. R&D subsidies significantly incentivize innovation in EV enterprises, whereas the effect of non-R&D subsidies is not as pronounced. The incentivizing effect of R&D subsidies exhibits two distinct characteristics: first, R&D subsidies compel enterprises to choose an innovation strategy that prioritizes “quantity over quality”; second, R&D subsidies exert a more pronounced influence on enterprises in the upper and middle sectors of the EV industrial chain compared to downstream enterprises, which tend to engage in more strategic innovation behaviors.
Influence of control parameters on the stabilization of an Euler-Bernoulli flexible beam
Authors: Abro Goh André-Pascal , Touré Kidjégbo Augustin , Bomisso Gossrin Jean-Marc
Published: July 2024

In this work, we numerically study the influence of control parameters on the stabilization of a flexible Euler-Bernoulli beam fixed at one end and subjected at the other end to a force control and a punctual moment control proportional respectively to velocity and rotation velocity. First, we analyze the displacement stabilization and the asymptotic behavior of the beam energy using a stable numerical scheme, resulting from the Crank-Nicholson algorithm for time discretization and the finite element method based on the approximation by Hermite's cubic polynomial functions, for discretization in space. Then, by means of the finite element method, we represent the spectrum of the operator associated with this beam problem and we carry out a qualitative study of thelocus of the eigenvalues according to the positive control parameters. From these studies we conclude that rotation velocity control has more effect on the stabilization of the beam compared to velocity control. Finally, this result is confirmed by a sensitivity study on the control parameters involved in the stabilization of the beam.
A New Facial Expression Recognition Algorithm Based on DWT Feature Extraction and Selection
Authors: BOUKHOBZA Fatima Zohra , HACINE GHARBI Abdenour , ROUABAH Khaled
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we propose an efficient framework to improve accuracy and computational cost of a Facial Expression Recognition (FER) system. This framework is carried out in three stages. In the initial one, corresponding to feature extraction, three descriptors, derived from Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), are introduced to extract distinct feature types. In the second stage, focused on feature selection, a Wrapper approach is adopted to carefully select the most relevant features from the previously extracted pool. Following feature selection, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is employed, in the final stage, to determine an individual's affective state. The experiments were conducted in person-independent mode using both the Japanese Female Facial Expression (JAFFE) and extended Cohn-Kanade (CK+) databases which included the following emotions: anger, disgust, contempt, fear, happy, sad, surprise, and neutral. The obtained results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed framework in increasing recognition rate and decreasing response time compared to other state-of-the-art methods. A comparative study between our proposed framework and that based on the Local Binary Patterns (LBP) method demonstrated that our framework outperforms the latter for most emotions. In fact, our proposed framework converges rapidly and achieves good performance, thus allowing us to develop a real-time Facial Expression Recognition (FER) system in person-independent mode. Average recognition rates of 89.66% and 87.76% were obtained using our method with the JAFFE database and the CK+ database, respectively.
Via negativa - Passion et compassion - Ingeborg Bachmann lit Simone Weil
Authors: Belluzo Serge
Published: July 2024

I. Bachmann bezeugt ihr Interesse an Simone Weil sowohl in ihrem Essay "Das Unglück und die Gottesliebe - Der Weg Simone Weils" als auch durch ein Zitat dieser Philosophin, das Bachmann in ihrer ersten Frankfurter Poetik-Vorlesung kommentiert. (Das Volk braucht die Poesie wie das Brot). Das Vorgehen ist doppelgleisig : einerseits soll durch das Aufzeigen der Ambiguität von S. Weil die starke Anziehung auf Bachmann erklärt werden und ihre Gemeinsamkeiten hervorgehoben werden ; anderseits sollen ihre Unterschiede verdeutlicht werden. Beide waren gegen Totalitarismus und Unterdrückung, beide vertraten leidenschaftlich die Wahrheit. Ihre Entschlossenheit und ihr Ziel gleichen sich. Der Unterschied liegt in der Form des gewählten Engagements und in ihren Überzeugungen begründet. Für S. Weil wirkt das Leiden erlösend und verweist auf ein Jenseits. Bachmann verneint jegliche Transzendenz. Das Leiden und das Unglück sind absurd und sinnlos.
Die schwarzen Bilder der Ingeborg Bachmann. Interpretation zu Die gestundete Zeit
Authors: Dorowin Hermann
Published: July 2024

La polysémie des images de ce célèbre poème est due à la superposition de différents niveaux de signification qu’il convient de distinguer nettement pour pouvoir analyser leur interaction dans toute sa complexité. «Die gestundete Zeit» se révèle être par là non seulement l’expression imagée de l’expérience tragique vécue dans l’histoire par une génération, mais aussi un poème existentiel qui entend se démarquer sur un mode polémique de l’existentialisme heideggerien, ainsi qu’un manifeste poétologique dans lequel Ingeborg Bachmann anticipe un certain nombre d’idées fondamentales de ses «Leçons de Francfort» et de ses récits à venir. L’intertextualité sous-jacente au poème va des «Pensées» de Pascal aux «Fleurs du mal» de Baudelaire et aux «pintu-ras negras» de Francisco Goya.
Karl Millöcker - Notizen zu Leben und Werk eines Unterschätzten
Authors: Glanz Christian
Published: July 2024

Né à Vienne en 1842, Karl Millöcker fit ses études au conservatoire de cette ville (flûte, solfège), puis il fit partie de l’orchestre du Theater in der Josefstadt (1858-1864). Plus tard, à Graz, il fut pendant deux ans deuxième chef d’orchestre du Thalia Theater. C’est là qu’il composa sa première opérette et plusieurs musiques de scène pour des pièces populaires. Après une brève activité à Pest, Millöcker revint en 1866 à Vienne et, en 1869, il fut engagé au Theater an der Wien où, après 1882, il créa et dirigea ses propres opérettes. Grâce au succès de Der Bettelstudent (L’Etudiant pauvre), Millöcker put mener une existence de compositeur indépendant. Cardiaque depuis 1896, il mourut à Baden en 1899.

Millöcker est un compositeur sous-estimé. Comparé à Suppé et à Strauß, on ne lui reconnaît qu’un talent mineur. Mais dans la réception de l’opérette viennoise, on souligne que son oeuvre se caractérise par ses ressemblances, au plan esthétique, avec l’opéra. Millöcker excelle surtout dans le comique et la parodie, ce qui rapproche sa production de l’opérette étrangère, telle celle d’Offenbach ou de Sullivan, mais ses oeuvres contiennent aussi divers éléments de l’opérette classique. Quant à l’orchestre, Millöcker sait l’utiliser de façon très diversifiée ; il privilégie aussi les effets dramatiques reposant entre autres sur des scènes dansées.
Erich Fried und die europäische Moderne
Authors: Bormann Alexander von
Published: July 2024

Selon Enzensberger, l’opposition entre tour d’ivoire et agit-prop ne rend pas service à la poésie. Ceci vaut pleinement pour la poésie (politique) d’Erich Fried qui répond au critère fondateur de la Modernité selon lequel il n’y a pas d’identité du sujet qui précède la langue et l’acculturation, mais identité du sujet qui se constitue à l’intérieur des processus langagiers et culturels (J. Kristeva). Pour la lecture des poèmes de Fried, il en résulte que la poétologie et la rhétorique, la théorie du sujet et la politique doivent être pensées comme intrinsèquement liées. Ainsi il en est fini des «chants récités du haut de la tribune» (Becher), c’est-à-dire de l’agit-prop. D’autre part, Fried oppose au concept de la poésie en tant que monologue prôné par Gottfried Berm celui qui est défendu par Mandelstam et Celan et implique toujours et partout un interlocuteur. À l’aide d’exemples nous montrons à quel point le lyrisme de Fried se sert de figures rhétoriques : le texte est ainsi imprégné de vertus dialogiques, comme c’est également le cas de la poésie de Mallarmé. Des analyses brèves soulignent l’utilisation par Fried du paradoxe, de la tautologie, de la gradation et de la diérèse. Ces formes qui attestent du plaisir que ressent Fried à disposer les éléments du langage sont considérées comme des tentatives pour contrecarrer le discours public qui dispose de plus en plus de la langue, de le contrarier par le «jeu de mots sérieux».
« Skizzenbuch » de Wolfgang Bauer ou « summa summarum ». Bilan en trompe-l'oeil des réflexions menées par un dramaturge sur son art
Authors: Aquatias Christine
Published: July 2024

Wolfgang Bauer dresse dans Skizzenbuch un bilan de ses réflexions et expériences dramaturgiques. Il y est question des relations qui s'établissent entre fiction et réalité, des libertés que revendique l'auteur - et de celles qu'il peut s'octroyer -, des liens qu'il tisse avec ses personnages et son public. La structure complexe de la pièce, "en spirale" selon une expression de Gerhard Melzer, permet à Wolfgang Bauer de proposer à son lecteur / spectateur différents niveaux d'observations.
Vom Lautwerden der Stille. Umwege zu Elfriede Jelineks Haider-Österreich in Das Lebewohl. 3 Kl. Dramen
Authors: Bartens Daniela
Published: July 2024

Cet article propose une nouvelle lecture de Das Lebewohl. 3 kl. Dramen, corpus comprenant trois textes - Das Lebewohl (Les Adieux), Das Schweigen et Der Tod und das Mädchen II - qui, dans cette trilogie, s'avèrent être des commentaires réciproques. Pour ce faire, cette contribution - en appréhendant les thèmes principaux de l'auteure dans les deux chapitres intitulés Parler et silence et Présence et Absence - présente d'abord brièvement l'esthétique théâtrale ’’postdramatique” d'Elfriede Jelinek postulant la dissociation du corps (du comédien) et du langage. Puis, la contestation de Martin Heidegger par Jelinek (particulièrement dans sa pièce consacrée à Robert Walser er nicht als er) permet d'analyser les relations complexes entre le parler, le langage, le silence et l'occultation, la présence, la représentation, l'absence, le néant et la mort, mais aussi la culpabilité et la dé-culpabilisation par la dénégation. On peut en dégager quelques éléments qui expliquent les raisons pour lesquelles Jelinek règle ses comptes avec l'Autriche de Haider dans Das Lebewohl. 3 kl. Dramen. Cela autorise une lecture politique de la partie médiane de la trilogie, Das Schweigen, qui dépasse la réception antérieure qui n'y voyait qu'un simple ’’texte artistique” : il en va de cette occultation révisionniste qui mène directement du passé nazi ’’larvé” à la montée en puissance d'une ’’nouvelle droite”.
“In italiano è meglio”. Gregor von Rezzoris italienische Sendung
Authors: Landolfi Andrea
Published: July 2024

Die Darstellung Italiens in den Werken von Gregor von Rezzori ist Teil und Entwicklung einer langen literarischen Tradition, die bei Goethe, Platen, Hofmannsthal und Thomas Mann ihre Höhepunkte erreicht. Mit Gregor von Rezzori nimmt aber die Darstellung Italiens die Merkmale einer Klage auf sich. Diese Klage betrifft nicht nur Venedig oder Italien, sondern die gesamte abendländische Weltanschauung, und realisiert sich in der Form der Parodie.

Das Italienbild der ersten Werke Rezzoris ist romantisch, fast exotisch und ganz unrealistisch. Es folgt, etwa in den siebziger Jahren, ein journalistisch skandalsüchtiges Bild, ein „deutsches“ Italien, in dem alle Gemeinplätze bewußt karikiert werden. Doch, die Liebe zum Land ist hier schon sehr klar spürbar. Erst im Büchlein Italien (1996) wird die Wende sichtbar. Die Liebe zum Land wird deutlicher ausgedrückt und ein echteres Bild Italiens kommt aus den Schriften dieser Zeit heraus, auf jedem Fall ein „italienischeres“, obwohl das ganze immer noch zwischen Gemeinplatz und journalistischer „Pseudo-Wahrheit“ schwebt.

Diese Liebe findet besonders in dem Verhältnis zur italienischen Sprache Ausdruck. Italienisch war für Gregor von Rezzori die Sprache der Liebe und der Freundschaft, des täglichen Lebens, insbesondere die Sprache einer lichten und gleichzeitig tiefen Lebensweisheit. Obwohl es nicht die Sprache seiner Reflexionen und seiner Kunst war, spürte der Schriftsteller eine starke Anziehung zur italienischen Sprache, die ihn oft zwischen Scherz und Emst sagen ließ, seine Bücher seien auf italienisch schöner.

Die Gefühle Rezzoris Italien entgegen sind unmittelbar mit seiner späteren Lebensweise in dem alten Haus in der Toskana verbunden. Es ist ein verinnerlichtes Italien, wohin der Autor immer wieder zurückkehrt und wo, trotz allem, noch die Zitronen blühen, und die Freundschaft dazu.
Rezzori face à l’histoire : Vienne, mars 1938
Authors: Lajarrige Jacques
Published: July 2024

„Léo prêt pour le voyage“ : comme l’on sait, le nom de code pour signaler que la Wehrmacht était prête à envahir l’Autriche ne resta pas longtemps lettre morte. En mars 1938, Gregor von Rezzori, qui n’avait à l’époque que vingt-quatre ans, assista au milieu de la foule en liesse amassée sur la Place des Héros à l’arrivée triomphale d’Hitler à Vienne. Cette scène ne laissa pas seulement dans la mémoire du jeune homme une empreinte indélébile, elle devint par la suite également le leitmotiv obsédant, pour ne pas dire le moteur même, de ses «autobiographies hypothétiques» comme de ses véritables mémoires.

En partant du roman polymorphe La mort de mon frère Abel, on s’efforce ici d’analyser les différentes formes d’apparition de ces journées fatidiques à l’intérieur d’une structure narrative complexe, ainsi que les indices afférents qui laissent entrevoir une interprétation cohérente de l’Histoire de la part de Rezzori.

On se rend ainsi compte que le témoin oculaire et visuel que fut Rezzori, alors citoyen roumain, prend avec provocation ses distances avec le manque de maturité historique et politique de son narrateur, le jeune dandy et coureur de jupons Aristides Subciz, double littéraire dont il démasque les fausses excuses.

À l’aide d’exemples concrets, on propose ensuite l’hypothèse selon laquelle l'Anschluß a donné à Rezzori l’occasion de nouer avec les Aufzeichnungen de Canetti, et plus encore avec Masse und Macht un dialogue malicieux, dont les accents polémiques sont soumis dans ses deux derniers réglementes de compte avec lui-même, Greisengemurmel et Mir auf der Spur, à un réexamen qui, pour être résolument autocritique, n’a rien perdu de sa virulence.
L’antisémitisme à Vienne au XVIIe siècle
Authors: Bérenger Jean
Published: July 2024

L'article présente les manifestations de l'antijudaïsme dans la deuxième moitié du XVIIème siècle à l'époque de l'empereur Léopold Ier. On constate alors une profonde divergence entre la population viennoise franchement hostile aux juifs et la maison des Habsbourg qui leur était plutôt favorable. Pourtant, sous la pression de la population et de la contre-réforme catholique, les juifs furent expulsés de Vienne en 1670 sauf quelques familles privilégiées de banquiers qui jouissaient du statut de juif de cour. L'illustration la plus voyante en était le destin de Samuel Oppenheimer, fournisseur aux armées et banquier de l'empereur.
„Man lacht, anstatt es zu essen“. Canettis Lachtheorie und ihre Bedeutung für die Methodik von Masse und Macht
Authors: Peiter Anne D.
Published: July 2024

Der Lachkonzeption, die Elias Canetti in „Masse und Macht“ präsentiert, liegt die Idee zugrunde, dass das Lachen zwischen zwei entgegengesetzten Polen changiert : zwischen einem Gewaltverzicht auf der einen Seite und einer Drohung von tödlichem Ernst auf der anderen Seite. Aufgrund dieser Ambivalenz und aufgrund der vielfältigen intertextuellen Anspielungen (u.a. auf Hobbes, Bergson, Kant, Musil) kann die Passage als Schlüssel für die ungewöhnliche Methodik des Buches insgesamt gelten.
Canetti als Leser
Authors: Schmidt-Dengler Wendelin
Published: July 2024

Als einen „reißenden Wolf des Lesens“ hat Canetti sich selbst bezeichnet, und seine Autobiographie vermittelt ein anschauliches Bild seiner Leseintensität. Nicht das, was Canetti gelesen hat, sondern wie er gelesen hat, ist Gegenstand dieses Referats, das auch versucht, eine Phänomenologie eines Leseprozesses zu entwerfen, in dem es nicht darum geht, sich den Einflüssen auszusetzen, sondern viel mehr darum, sich gegen sie zu wehren. Das ist anhand der Freud-, Kraus- und Kafkalektüre deutlich zu erkennen. Entscheidend aber ist auch, dass sich die Kritik, die diesen vorgebracht wird, Mittel der kritischen Selbsterkenntnis wird.
Hermann Bahr en Russie : entre altérité et intériorité
Authors: Benay Jeanne
Published: July 2024

In Russische Reise (The Trip to Russia ; 1891) Hermann Bahr follows a kind of “cult of the self’, is concerned with the internal, and seeks a new artistic discourse -all of which take precedence in the story over the impressions and descriptions of the trip itself. Nonetheless Russian alterity can finally be considered equal to that of other cultures. Russians are no barbarians : “Their culture is not inferior to ours ; it is merely different.” (47) The trip profited from reflection, but Bahr also enjoyed pleasures ranging from art to the flesh. Following his return from Russia Bahr published, also in 1891, Die Überwindung des Naturalismus (The Conquest of Naturalism), an essay in which he argued on behalf of what he called a “romanticism of the nerves”, and it is not impossible that the Russian interlude played a certain role in it.
« Prendre le spectateur de front ». Sur le nouveau documentaire autrichien : Sauper, Geyrhalter, Seidl, Salmonowitz
Authors: Niney François
Published: July 2024

Den Zuschauer frontal angehen (über den neuen österreichischen Dokumentarfilm : Sauper, Geyrhalter, Seidl, Salmonowitz)

Filme wie Darwin’s Albtraum (2005) von Hubert Sauper, Unser täglich Brot (2006) von Nikolaus Geyrhalter oder Good News (1989) und Dog Days (2000) von Ulrich Seidl, oder auch Kurz davor ist es passiert (2007) von Anja Salomonowitz haben bei der Kritik für Aufregung und Entsetzen gesorgt. Allen ist gemeinsam, dass sie direkt, auf demonstrative Weise vorgehen, indem sie eine Art negative Pädagogik einsetzen, die den Zuschauer mit der Häßlichkeit der von ihm bewohnten, jedoch ungern betrachteten Welt konfrontiert. Sie bieten keinerlei Gegenleistung, sic lehnen die Erlösung des Wirklichen durch das Bild ab.

Die dokumentarische Herausforderung liegt nicht mehr in der Information des Zuschauers über die verheerenden Folgen der Weltordnung (die dieser wissentlich ignoriert), sondern darin, dessen freiwillige Knechtschaft anzugehen und sein falsches Bewußtsein in die Flucht zu schlagen, sei es durch Mangel (Minimalismus, Litotes, Ironie), sei es durch Übertreibung (Groteske, Horror, Provokation). In jedem Falle werden dabei die Rezeptionsgewohnheiten, aber auch die Konventionen der dokumentarischen wie der fiktionalen Erzählungen vereitelt.
Ernst Karl Winter, précurseur de la culture politique autrichienne de la Seconde République
Authors: Grelle Gérard
Published: July 2024

Ernst Karl Winter (1895-1959) peut être considéré comme l’un des précurseurs, voire inspirateurs de la culture politique et sociale autrichienne de l’après-guerre. Conservateur, il fut l’un des critiques les plus acerbes du catholicisme politique. Antinazi de la première heure, il réclama dès 1933 le retour à une démocratie sociale, la constitution d’un «front populaire de droite à gauche contre le nazisme », prônant la réconciliation entre chrétiens-sociaux et sociaux-démocrates. Son principal centre d’intérêt fut de prouver l’existence d’une identité et d’une nation autrichienne fondée sur une conception historique.
Vom Nutzen und Nachteil der Historie für die Verlebendigung der Kunst: Anmerkungen zu Hugo von Hofmannsthal und Marcel Proust
Authors: Le Rider Jacques
Published: July 2024

Pour dépasser l’historicisme, qui tend à réduire les modernes à des épigones de la tradition classique, et la rhétorique, dans laquelle lord Chandos ne voit plus que des paroles creuses et inauthentiques, pour rendre à l’écriture sa vie et sa sensualité, Proust et Hofmannsthal se tournent vers la musique et les arts visuels, la peinture en particulier. L’étude met en parallèle la rencontre de Bergotte avec le «petit pan de mur jaune» de la Vue de Delft de Vermeer et la découverte de Van Gogh par «le voyageur à son retour».
Das Essen bei Elias Canetti
Authors: Stieg Gerald
Published: July 2024

Der Akt des Essens nimmt in Canettis Werk einen bedeutenden Platz ein. Der vorliegende Artikel befragt in umgekehrt chronologischer Abfolge die autobiographischen Schriften (1977-1985), den Kafka-Essay von 1969, Masse und Macht (i960), schließlich den Roman Die Blendung (1931) nach der Rolle der Nahrungsaufnahme. Die Perspektive wechselt je nach der gewählten literarischen Gattung, aber alle behandelten Beispiele hüben uh gemeinsamen Nenner die Bedeutung der rituellen Strukturen, die die Rolle des Essens im individuellen und gesellschaftlichen Leben bestimmen.
„Lebe wohl und frei!“ Epigonale Existenzen zwischen Fremd- und Selbstbestimmung im Roman Radetzkymarsch
Authors: Steinmann Esther
Published: July 2024

“Fare well and be free !” Epigonal Existences in the Novel Radetzky March : Towards a Self-determinated Way of Living.

This contribution considers how Radetzky March portrays the dramatic historical upheavals, the change in perspectives and values, and the figure of end and renewal. The novel’s protagonist, Carl Joseph, is not only the youngest Trotta, but also the last. He experiences the decline on a grand scale in the end of the Austrian-Hungarian monarchy as well as the decline on a smaller scale, in his own tragic end, which is also the end of his dynasty. The world-historical and personal catastrophes, however, do not just entail a loss of familiar values systems. At the same time, new modes of thought and action begin to emerge which allow a more authentic, liberated and self-determined way of living. Farewell and renewal are compressed in the appeal to fare well and be free („Lebe wohl und frei !“).
Fins de romans, fins d’un monde. Le Temps retrouvé, La Marche de Radetzky, Le Guépard
Authors: Godeau Florence
Published: July 2024

Roman-Ende, Ende einer Welt.

In diesem Artikel vergleichen wir das Ende von Radetzkymarsch von Joseph Roth und das Ende von zwei anderen Romanen, die das „Ende einer Welt “ beschrieben haben : Le Temps retrouvé von Marcel Proust, und II Gattopardo von Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa. Diese drei Romane sind eben durch mehrere Beziehungen und Analogien verbunden. Was in diesem Corpus sofort auffällt, ist nämlich nicht nur die Allgegenwart des zentralen Motivs vom „Ende einer Welt“ (ein interpretatorisch ergiebiger Ausdruck, der zu verschiedenen Lektüren anregt), sondern eine ähnliche narrative Spannung. Das Ende nimmt in diesen Romanen ein solches Ausmaß, dass man behaupten könnte, dass die ganze Geschichte sich aus ihren letzten Seiten heraus konstruiert. Im vorliegenden Beitrag soll diese „Ästhetik des Endes“ vor allem in Bezug auf ihre poetische Umsetzung analysiert werden.
Bolzano et la grammaire de la représentation
Authors: Benoist Jocelyn
Published: July 2024

Bolzano et la grammaire de la représentation.

La sémantique objective présentée dans le livre II de la Wissenschaftslehre a retenu l’attention. Dans cette doctrine, le philosophe tchèque apparaît comme un précurseur de Frege. Les «représentations en soi» et «propositions en soi» bolzaniennes appartiennent à un domaine qui ressemble au «sens» frégéen. Il faut pourtant relever que Bolzano parle bien de «représentations en soi», et ne fait pas, contrairement à Frege, une différence entre la sphère du sens et celle de la représentation. Certes la représentation en soi est indépendante de la représentation subjective, mais une forme de corrélation subsiste entre elles. En fait, la doctrine de la représentation objective fonde une doctrine de la représentation subjective, présentée dans la «Théorie de la Connaissance» de la Wissenschaftslehre. Sur la base de sa sémantique, Bolzano développe une philosophie de l’esprit dans laquelle le concept de représentation joue un rôle central. Le présent article étudie cette philosophie de l’esprit.
Robert Ehrenzweig-Lucas. Vom Roten Wien zur BBC
Authors: Doll Jürgen
Published: July 2024

In diesem Artikel soll an die heute vergessene wichtige Rolle Robert Ehrenzweigs im Wiener sozialdemokratischen Kulturleben der Zwischenkriegszeit erinnert werden. Ausgehend von der Kritik an der traditionellen Festkultur der Partei entwickelt Ehrenzweig ein neues stark politisiertes Konzept sozialistischer Kulturarbeit. Er gehörte zu den Gründern des Wiener Politischen Kabaretts (1926-1933), für das er den Großteil der Texte schrieb. Er konzipierte und schrieb 1931 das Arbeiterolympiade-Festspiel Das Spiel der Viertausend, das spektakulärste Theaterereignis des Roten Wien. Der Artikel schließt mit der Beschreibung der satirischen Rundfunkserie Die Briefe des Gefreiten Hirnschal, die Ehrenzweig unter seinem Exilnamen Lucas verfasste und die von 1940 bis 1945 von der BBC nach Deutschland und zu den Soldaten an der Front gesendet wurde.
Entretien de Jean-Numa Ducange avec Karl Duffek (directeur du Karl-Renner-Institut) et Gerhard Marchl (Karl-Renner-Institut, unité politique européenne)
Authors: Ducange Jean-Numa , Duffek Karl , Marchl Gerhard
Published: July 2024

Interview with Karl Duffek and Gerhard Marchl, Karl-Renner-Institut.

The history and the activities of the Karl-Renner-Institut, which is the political academy of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ), are in the centre of this interview with director Karl Duffek and his colleague Gerhard Marchl. The institute's foundation in the early 1970s was an initiative of former Austrian Chancellor Bruno Kreisky. The Karl-Renner-Institut is essentially a forum of discussion and education as well as a think tank. Its activities focus on political education for a broader public, trainings for members on all levels of the party, programmatic work, and co-operation with international partners. Other key aspects, which are addressed in the interview, are the differences and similarities to the Friedrich Ebert Foundation, to what extent history/historiography is of significance in the work of the institute, as well as its recent publications in the field of history.
Pengelompokan UMKM Batik Madura Menggunakan Metode K-Means dan Sillhoutte Coefficient
Authors: Kustiyahningsih Yeni , Khozaimi Achmad , Purnama Jaka
Published: July 2024

UMKM merupakan salah satu sektor pendukung perekonomian di Indonesia. UMKM Batik Madura memberikan kontribusi yang cukup tinggi terhadap penyerapan tanaga kerja dan peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat daerah. Hal ini terbukti pada penyerapan tenaga kerja UMKM di Kabupaten Bangkalan Madura sebesar 210.003 dan Sampang sebesar 264.569. Permasalahan penelitian ini berkaitan dengan banyaknya UMKM Madura, sehingga menyulitkan Dinas Koperasi dalam menjalankan kebijakan pemerintah dalam memberikan pelatihan, bantuan pengembangan UMKM dan pendampingan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengelompokan UMKM Batik Madura menjadi beberapa kluster menggunakan metode K-Means dan Sillhoutte Coefficient. Metode K-Means dapat melakukan pengelompokan berdasarkan data yang sama atau mempunyai similarity yang tinggi. Data UMKM akan dilakukan preprosesing terlebih dahulu untuk mengatasi data yang kosong dan normalisasi. Metode Sillhoutte Coefficient (SC) digunakan untuk menentukan jumlah kluster yang paling optimal. Pengelompokan UMKM Batik ini berdasarkan perpektif balance scorecard yaitu bisnis internal, keuangan, learning and growth dan pelanggan. Hasil cluster yang paling optimal adalah K=3. Nilai SC adalah sebesar 0,275, dengan 9 fitur dan SC = 0,403 dengan 5 fitur, artinya dengan metode seleksi fitur information gain terjadi peningkatan snilai SC sebesar 0,128. Prosentase hasil pengelompokan adalah cluster 1 sebesar 15 %, cluster 2: 25 % dan cluster 3 : 60 %. Kategori pemetaan cluster 1 adalah sangat baik, cluster 2 baik dan cluster 3 sedang.
The Implementation of A* Algorithm for Developing Non-Player Characteristics of Enemy in A Video Game Adopted from Javanese Folklore "Golden Orange"
Authors: Subari  , Radita Nira , Prakoso Bimo
Published: July 2024

Video games are a means of entertainment for everyone, from children to adults. The genre of games now is also very diverse, ranging from adventure, puzzles to storytelling, and even many folk stories have been made into video games by several developers in Indonesia. Starting from folk tales with horror themes such as kuntilanak, legends such as cucumber mas, to folk tales that rarely sound like golden oranges. The folklore video game of buah jeruk emas is a video game that tells of a king who gets a whisper from the gods to get golden oranges. The king then held a competition to get the golden orange fruit. The player must be able to take the golden orange fruit from the enemy in the form of a Non Playable Character (NPC) who will chase the player. In making NPCs, algorithms are used to help play video games. Therefore, the author wants to apply the A * algorithm in the game of golden oranges so that npc can catch up to players according to the planned system. The main method used is A * and then the addition of the FSM method for other methods. The golden orange fruit is a video game using the A * algorithm and the FSM method after testing it can be concluded that it is enough to make the game run. With the results according to the planned system.