bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review on impact, crushing response and applications of re-entrant core sandwich structures
Authors: Al-Khazraji Mustafa S.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Auxetic sandwich structures are gaining attention because of the negative Poisson’s ratio effect offered by these structures. Re-entrant core was one configuration of the auxetic structures. There is a growing concern about the design and behavior of re-entrant cores in aerospace, marine and protection applications. Several researchers proposed various designs of re-entrant core sandwiches with various materials. The purpose of this study is to review the most recent advances in re-entrant core sandwich structures. This review serves as a guide for researchers conducting further research in this wide field of study.

Design/methodology/approach

The re-entrant core sandwich structures were reviewed in terms of their design improvements, impact and quasi-static crushing responses. Several design improvements were reviewed including 2D cell, 3D cell, gradient, hierarchical and hybrid configurations. Some common applications of the re-entrant core sandwiches were given at the end of this paper with suggestions for future developments in this field.

Findings

Generally, the re-entrant configuration showed improved energy absorption and impact response among auxetic structures. The main manufacturing method for re-entrant core manufacturing was additive manufacturing. The negative Poisson’s ratio effect of the re-entrant core provided a wide area of research.

Originality/value

Generally, re-entrant cores were mentioned in the review articles as part of other auxetic structures. However, in this review, the focus was solely made on the re-entrant core sandwiches with their mechanics.
Sustainable tourism development activities and planning systems in Vhembe district, Limpopo province, South Africa: A comprehensive eco-touristic and sustainability perspective
Authors: Ramaano Azwindini Isaac
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine Musina municipality’s tourism development status and plans with existing documents and respondents’ responses on their envisaged implications on tourism development and sustainability initiatives in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa.

Design/methodology/approach

Surveys, interviews and focus group discussions, supplemented by field observation and document reviews, gray literature alongside published literature, were applied. Subsequently, Microsoft Excel and cross-tabulation analysis orchestrated the analysis of the data.

Findings

The policy and strategy aspects contributing to the previous and actual tourism statuses in Musina municipality are defined. The study concludes that Musina Municipality has rich tourism possibilities but lacks a better tourism strategy to empower local communities. Nonetheless, it dwells in the most tourism-based landscape within the Vhembe District of Limpopo.

Originality/value

Musina Municipality is one of the driest areas in the north of Limpopo Province in South Africa. It is also marked by impoverished rural communities. Studies on sustainable tourism and development have increased in recent years. However, rare studies specialize in synergies within various forms of tourism. Also, significant resources to advance local communities in rural areas are not sufficiently appreciated.
Effect of nano-AlN, Al2O3 on friction and wear properties of copper-steel clad plate immersed in the lubricants
Authors: Lin Xiaoxuan , Sang Xiong , Zhu Yuyan , Zhang Yichen
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the preparation of AlN and Al2O3, as well as the effect of nano-AlN and nano-Al2O3, on friction and wear properties of copper-steel clad plate immersed in the lubricants.

Design/methodology/approach

Nano-AlN or nano-Al2O3 (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 Wt.%) functional fluids were prepared. Their tribological properties were tested by an MRS-10A four-ball friction tester and a ball-on-plate configuration, and scanning electron microscope observed the worn surface of the plate.

Findings

An increase in nano-AlN and Al2O3 content enhances the extreme pressure and anti-wear performance of the lubricant. The best performance is achieved at 0.5 Wt.% of nano-AlN and 0.3 Wt.% of nano-Al2O3 with PB of 834 N and 883 N, a coefficient of friction (COF) of approximately 0.07 and 0.06, respectively. Furthermore, the inclusion of nano-AlN and nano-Al2O3 particles in the lubricant enhances its extreme pressure performance and reduces wear, leading to decreased wear spot depth. The lubricating effect of the nano-Al2O3 lubricant on the surface of the copper-steel composite plate is slightly superior to that of the nano-AlN lubricant, with a COF reaching 0.07. Both lubricants effectively fill and lubricate the holes on the surface of the copper-steel composite plate.

Originality/value

AlN and Al2O3 as water-based lubricants have excellent lubrication performance and can reduce the COF. It can provide some reference for the practical application of nano-water-based lubricants.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-08-2023-0255/
Parametric optimization to establish eco-friendly nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) practice for turning superalloy Inconel 718
Authors: Singh Talwinder
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper, an experimental study, is to investigate the optimal machining parameters for turning of nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718 under eco-friendly nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) environment to minimize cutting tool flank wear (Vb) and machined surface roughness (Ra).

Design/methodology/approach

The central composite rotatable design approach under response surface methodology (RSM) is adopted to prepare a design of experiments plan for conducting turning experiments.

Findings

The optimum value of input turning parameters: cutting speed (A), feed rate (B) and depth of cut (C) is found as 79.88 m/min, 0.1 mm/rev and 0.2 mm, respectively, with optimal output response parameters: Vb = 138.633 µm and Ra = 0.462 µm at the desirability level of 0.766. Feed rate: B and cutting speed: A2 are the leading model variables affecting Vb, with a percentage contribution rate of 12.06% and 43.69%, respectively, while cutting speed: A and feed rate: B are the significant factors for Ra, having a percentage contribution of 38.25% and 18.03%, respectively. Results of validation experiments confirm that the error between RSM predicted and experimental observed values for Vb and Ra is 3.28% and 3.75%, respectively, which is less than 5%, thus validating that the formed RSM models have a high degree of conformity with the obtained experimental results.

Practical implications

The outcomes of this research can be used as a reference machining database for various metal cutting industries to establish eco-friendly NMQL practices during the turning of superalloy Inconel 718 to enhance cutting tool performance and machined surface integrity.

Originality/value

No study has been communicated till now on the turning of Inconel 718 under NMQL conditions using olive oil blended with multi-walled carbon nanotubes-based nanofluid.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-10-2023-0317/
Multimedia information retrieval using content-based image retrieval and context link for Chinese cultural artifacts
Authors: Lo Chung-Ming
Published: January 2024

Purpose

An increasing number of images are generated daily, and images are gradually becoming a search target. Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) is helpful for users to express their requirements using an image query. Nevertheless, determining whether the retrieval system can provide convenient operation and relevant retrieval results is challenging. A CBIR system based on deep learning features was proposed in this study to effectively search and navigate images in digital articles.

Design/methodology/approach

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were used as the feature extractors in the author's experiments. Using pretrained parameters, the training time and retrieval time were reduced. Different CNN features were extracted from the constructed image databases consisting of images taken from the National Palace Museum Journals Archive and were compared in the CBIR system.

Findings

DenseNet201 achieved the best performance, with a top-10 mAP of 89% and a query time of 0.14 s.

Practical implications

The CBIR homepage displayed image categories showing the content of the database and provided the default query images. After retrieval, the result showed the metadata of the retrieved images and links back to the original pages.

Originality/value

With the interface and retrieval demonstration, a novel image-based reading mode can be established via the CBIR and links to the original images and contextual descriptions.
Design strategies for circularity: Km0 architecture in the Spanish Mediterranean
Authors: Domingo-Calabuig Débora , Rivera-Linares Javier , Lizondo-Sevilla Laura , Alapont-Ramón José Luis
Published: January 2024

Purpose

City planning and construction have embraced circular economy principles, converting them into various indicators. Particularly in the European context, the question “what architecture for circularity?” is answered with policies focusing on techniques, materials and disassembling construction. This paper analyzes a new approach to sustainable design and explores the concept of Km0 architecture. The objective is to demonstrate the design strategies of a contemporary architecture based on local resources and knowledge, an architecture that works with the shortest possible loop in circularity, i.e. with the cycle that consumes the least amount of energy.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper presents two ways of understanding sustainability in architecture: the first as a result of policies and the second associated with the design and innovative-based New European Bauhaus initiative. Within the scope of this last understanding, the authors analyze three cases on the Spanish Mediterranean coast that have recently received media attention and prominence. The selection responds to a specific climate adaption through a certain typological and functional diversity of the works.

Findings

The studied cases exhibit a more equitable and cost-effective circularity based on the time factor, have long life-cycle designs and serve as repositories of cultural identity. Km0 architecture reduces emissions using local resources and mitigates environmental conditions by combining traditional and modern design strategies.

Originality/value

This paper fulfills an identified need to study the local understandings of the built environment that would ensure a more fair and inclusive European green transformation.
ESG and the performance of energy and utility portfolios: evidence from Australia
Authors: Niblock Scott J.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to establish the effect of environmental, social and governance (ESG) practices on Australian energy and utility investment performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Conventional and ESG-rated portfolios are constructed using monthly returns and ESG scores of S&P/ASX 300 listed energy and utility firms from 2014 to 2022. Portfolio performance is estimated using a four-factor regression model, controlling for any economic shocks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Findings

The findings show that the lower the ESG score associated with the overall ESG and environmental portfolios, the greater the performance compared to the market (but not the conventional and other ESG portfolios). High ESG scores do not appear to influence the performance of the energy and utility portfolios, which contrasts expectations that the uptake of ESG should deliver superior risk-return outcomes for investors. The findings also indicate that a contrarian investment approach may be a reasonable performance indicator for high-rated ESG portfolios. ESG practices did not impact portfolio performance during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Originality/value

This research has contributed to the literature by offering ESG investment insights for policymakers, regulators, fund managers and investors. Consistent with the agency perspective on ESG practices and efficient market hypothesis, the evidence implies that, regardless of ESG scores (either high or low), investors should consider investing passively in diversified energy and utility portfolios or low-cost index fund equivalents.
Recruiting for the hybrid generation. Tips for creating a successful business landscape through mentorship programs
Authors: Otte Bryan
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Bryan Otte, Chief Human Resources Officer at MGAC, examines the shifting dynamics of remote and hybrid work models. Addressing challenges in workplace connections, mentorship and trust, Otte advocates a human-centric approach for HR leaders. This study aims to deliver insights and practical strategies, guiding HR professionals in adapting strategies to facilitate meaningful connections, robust mentorship programs and sustained professional growth within the evolving work environment.

Design/methodology/approach

Bryan Otte uses a qualitative approach, leveraging his role as Chief Human Resources Officer at MGAC. The methodology involves a thorough examination of the impacts of remote and hybrid work models on workplace dynamics. Otte integrates real-world examples and insights, offering practical strategies for HR leaders with a focus on a human-centric perspective. This approach combines professional expertise with a nuanced understanding of the evolving workforce, providing concise and valuable guidance for adapting HR strategies to the changing landscape of work.

Findings

Otte’s findings reveal challenges in remote and hybrid work, including potential disengagement and trust issues. The absence of a central workplace hub may contribute to feelings of isolation, particularly among younger associates who often derive relationship modeling from the workplace. The study advocates for a human-centric approach, emphasizing the enduring value of intentional team building, mentorship programs and fostering relational bonds. The research underscores the need for HR leaders to adapt strategies, ensuring positive workplace engagement, professional growth and overall well-being in the evolving work landscape.

Originality/value

Bryan Otte’s article brings originality through his role as Chief Human Resources Officer at MGAC, providing unique insights into challenges posed by remote and hybrid work. The practical strategies proposed, emphasizing a human-centric approach, offer innovative solutions to address issues such as disengagement and trust. The article’s value lies in shaping HR strategies for the evolving workforce, stressing the enduring importance of intentional team building and mentorship programs. Otte's blend of professional expertise and nuanced understanding contributes significantly, offering actionable guidance for HR leaders navigating the changing dynamics of work.
Japanese Dermatological Association guidelines: Outlines of Japanese clinical guidelines for basal cell carcinoma 2021
Authors: Hoashi Toshihiko , Ishikawa Masashi , Uehara Jiro , Oashi Kohei , Maeda Shintaro , Kato Junji , Saruta Hiroshi , Shichinohe Ryuji , Ohashi Ryuji , Nakamura Yoshio , Koga Hiroshi , Sugaya Makoto ,   The Basal Cell Carcinoma Guidelines Committee of the Japanese Skin Cancer Society
Published: January 2024

To summarize the current therapies for skin cancers, the Japanese Skin Cancer Society issued the first guidelines for skin cancers, including melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and extramammary Paget's disease, in 2007. These guidelines were revised in 2015. Herein, we present the English version of the 2021 edition of the Japanese clinical guidelines for BCC. In the latest edition, all procedures were performed according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation systems. The clinical questions that could not be answered were selected for further analysis. A comprehensive literature search, systematic review, and recommendations for each clinical question were determined by a multidisciplinary expert panel comprising dermatologists, a plastic and reconstructive surgeon, and a pathologist. Surgical resection is the gold‐standard therapy of BCC. Radiotherapy or topical treatments, other than surgical resection, have been used in some cases. Patients with unresectable or metastatic BCC require systemic therapy. Novel agents, such as immune response modifiers or hedgehog pathway inhibitors, are emerging worldwide for the treatment of BCC. Based on these viewpoints, four relevant clinical questions regarding, surgical resection, radiotherapy, topical treatment, and systemic therapy, were raised in this report that aims to help clinicians select suitable therapies for their patients.
Chinese trade sanctions against Australia: Quantifying the impact
Authors: Wickes Ron
Published: January 2024

Australian exports of important goods have been hit by sanctions imposed by the Chinese Government in recent years. This paper seeks to estimate the losses to Australian exports from these sanctions. Commodities affected include coal, copper ores and concentrates, frozen beef, wine, cotton, barley, rough wood, rock lobster and hay. Based on declines in Australia's share of the import market for the sanctioned commodities, the paper finds that gross export losses to Australia in the China market rose from AU $3 billion in 2020 to AU $31 billion in 2022 at current prices. This differs appreciably from previous estimates. Net losses, which take into account the diversion of sanctioned trade to third country markets, are estimated, very approximately, at AU $11 billion in 2022 and at AU $20 billion over 2020–2022, at 2019 prices. Future losses in the China market will depend heavily on whether the recent improvement in relations between the Australian and Chinese Governments can be maintained. It will also depend on the intensity of US–China tensions since they will tend to shape Australian responses to issues of interest to China. Business commitments to new customers in third country markets, and assessments of the risk that the Chinese market will close again are likely to be among other factors.
BOATS AS HOUSING IN OXFORD, UK: Trajectories of Informality in a High‐Income Context
Authors: Galuszka Jakub
Published: January 2024

In this article I aim to shed light on boat dwelling as an increasingly popular housing practice in the UK. I investigate the changing nature of this practice in times of housing crisis and of the connection between formal and informal approaches, and discuss how decentralized urban actors influence and safeguard their visions of housing. My investigation concentrates on three intertwined strategies boaters in Oxford use to deal with growing regularization and commodification pressures: (non)compliance, formalization and staying under the radar. My findings challenge several assumptions about housing informality in the global North and document the diverse trajectories that informal processes may take. My analysis reveals that informal and semi‐formal solutions are not simply ‘tolerated’ or ‘overlooked’ by the state, but co‐produced by urban dwellers through a repertoire of everyday actions and ad hoc advocacy approaches. The construction of specific trajectories of informal housing emerges at the interface of complex agendas and attitudes that go beyond the generalized roles attributed to the key urban sectors.
Biorational methods for effective pest control management in stored products for agricultural sustainability
Authors: Murugesan Pazhanisamy , Krishanan Archunan , Ramasamy Pasiyappazham , Chandrasekaran Kathirvelu , Rajendran Jayasankar , Paramasivam Sivagurunathan , Chinnaiyan Uma , Panneerselvam Chellasamy , Aziz Al Thabiani , Alasmari Abdulrahman
Published: January 2024

Storage grain infestation is a critical problem, with insect pests and rodents causing economic losses and reductions in the quality of food grains and food products. It has been assessed as affecting 9% of goods in developed countries and more than 20% of goods in developing countries. The chemical insecticides used for storing products protect against insect pests, but introduce hazards associated with handling insecticides and the residues on food, which threaten nontarget organisms, and so represent a serious problem to the environment. Biorational methods are low risk, are obtained from animals, plants, bacteria and some minerals, and are segregated into microbial, plant‐associated protectant and biochemical substances. This method encompasses temperature management, modified atmospheric storage, ionizing irradiation, the mixing of inert materials, pheromone traps, botanicals, insect growth regulators, entomopathogens and host plant resistance. Biorational methods have emerged as alternative or supplemental pest control methods. Biopesticides would help in preventing the use of large quantities of pesticides across the globe, thus providing residue‐free food and a safe environment for living. Further investigation is needed to integrate these elements to enhance the efficacy, minimize the losses and diminish the reliance on pesticides for the preservation of stored commodities.
The morphology of the sensilla on the antennae, maxillary palps and cerci of Grylloprimevala jilina Zhou & Ren, 2023
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyan , Li Lanqin , Zhou Lin , Li Shanshan , Chen Qi , Ren Bingzhong
Published: January 2024

Grylloprimevala jilina Zhou & Ren is the third extant species of Grylloblattodea to be found in China. To understand the various physiological functions of the sensilla on the main sensory organs of G. jilina during its vital activities, this study used scanning electron microscopy to examine the sensilla morphology on its appendages and analyze their abundance and distribution on the antennae. The filiform antennae comprise scape, pedicel and flagellum. The maxillary palps comprise three segments, and the cerci contain four appendages in total. Altogether, 11 morphologically distinct sensilla types were identified on three organs: apertures; Böhm bristles (BB); sensilla auricillica (SA), sensilla basiconica (SB), sensilla campaniformia (SCa), sensilla capitulum (SCap), sensilla chaetica (SCh), sensilla coeloconica (SCo), sensilla filiform (SF) and sensilla trichodea (ST); and spines. Studies of the antennae of G. jilina have revealed that, except in some cases, the types and abundances of the sensilla gradually show a trend of diversification and enrichment as the antennae segments are extended forward. Functional predictions for the 11 morphologically distinct sensilla suggest that they include chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors and temperature or humidity receptors. As wall‐pore sensilla, SA, SB, SCo and ST could be involved in the perception of chemical signals emitted from their living environment. In addition, as mechanical receptors, BB, SCa, SCh and SF may be involved in the perception and feedback of mechanical stimuli. Our findings provide an essential insight into this rare and national first‐class protected insect, and provide a necessary theoretical basis for studying the phylogeny of Grylloblattodea.
Construction and comparison of different vehicles for heterologous gene expression in Zymomonas mobilis
Authors: Behrendt Gerrich , Vlachonikolou Maria , Tietgens Helga , Bettenbrock Katja
Published: January 2024

Zymomonas mobilis has the potential to be an optimal chassis for the production of bulk chemicals derived from pyruvate. However, a lack of available standardized and characterized genetic tools hinders both efficient engineering of Z. mobilis and progress in basic research on this organism. In this study, a series of different shuttle vectors were constructed based on the replication mechanisms of the native Z. mobilis plasmids pZMO1, pZMOB04, pZMOB05, pZMOB06, pZMO7 and p29191_2 and on the broad host range replication origin of pBBR1. These plasmids as well as genomic integration sites were characterized for efficiency of heterologous gene expression, stability without selection and compatibility. We were able to show that a wide range of expression levels could be achieved by using different plasmid replicons. The expression levels of the constructs were consistent with the relative copy numbers, as determined by quantitative PCR. In addition, most plasmids are compatible and could be combined. To avoid plasmid loss, antibiotic selection is required for all plasmids except the pZMO7‐based plasmid, which is stable also without selection pressure. Stable expression of reporter genes without the need for selection was also achieved by genomic integration. All modules were adapted to the modular cloning toolbox Zymo‐Parts, allowing easy reuse and combination of elements. This work provides an overview of heterologous gene expression in Z. mobilis and adds a rich set of standardized genetic elements to an efficient cloning system, laying the foundation for future engineering and research in this area.
Lentils protein isolate as a fermenting substrate for the production of bioactive peptides by lactic acid bacteria and neglected yeast species
Authors: Tonini Stefano , Tlais Ali Zein Alabiden , Galli Bruno Domingues , Helal Ahmed , Tagliazucchi Davide , Filannino Pasquale , Zannini Emanuele , Gobbetti Marco , Di Cagno Raffaella
Published: January 2024

In the current trend where plant‐based foods are preferred over animal‐based foods, pulses represent an alternative source of protein but also of bioactive peptides (BPs). We investigated the pattern of protein hydrolysis during fermentation of red lentils protein isolate (RLPI) with various lactic acid bacteria and yeast strains. Hanseniaspora uvarum SY1 and Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis E10 were the most proteolytic microorganisms. H. uvarum SY1 led to the highest antiradical, angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐inhibitory and antifungal activities, as found in low molecular weight water soluble extracts (LMW‐WSE). The 2039 peptide sequences identified by LMW‐WSE were screened using BIOPEP UWM database, and 36 sequences matched with known BPs. Fermentation of RLPI by lactic acid bacteria and yeasts generated 12 peptides undetected in raw RLPI. Besides, H. uvarum SY1 led to the highest abundance (peak areas) of BPs, in particular with antioxidant and ACE‐inhibitory activities. The amino acid sequences LVR and LVL, identified in the fermented RLPI, represent novel findings, as they were detected for the first time in substrates subjected to microbial fermentation. KVI, another BP highly characteristic of RLPI‐SY1, was previously observed only in dried bonito. 44 novel potential BPs, worthy of further characterization, were correlated with antifungal activity.
Selective biosynthesis of a rhamnosyl nosiheptide by a novel bacterial rhamnosyltransferase
Authors: Du Yali , Xia Yuan , Wu Lingrui , Chen Lu , Rong Jiale , Fan Junting , Chen Yijun , Wu Xuri
Published: January 2024

Nosiheptide (NOS) is a thiopeptide antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces actuosus. The hydroxyl group of 3‐hydroxypyridine in NOS has been identified as a promising site for modification, which we therefore aimed to rhamnosylate. After screening, Streptomyces sp. 147326 was found to regioselectively attach a rhamnosyl unit to the 3‐hydroxypyridine site in NOS, resulting in the formation of a derivative named NOS‐R at a productivity of 24.6%. In comparison with NOS, NOS‐R exhibited a 17.6‐fold increase in aqueous solubility and a new protective effect against MRSA infection in mice, while maintaining a similar in vitro activity. Subsequently, SrGT822 was identified as the rhamnosyltransferase in Streptomyces sp. 147326 responsible for the biosynthesis of NOS‐R using dTDP‐L‐rhamnose. SrGT822 demonstrated an optimal reaction pH of 10.0 and temperature of 55°C, which resulted in a NOS‐R yield of 74.9%. Based on the catalytic properties and evolutionary analysis, SrGT822 is anticipated to be a potential rhamnosyltransferase for use in the modification of various complex scaffolds.
MRI for axial SpA: Diagnosis, disease activity assessment, and recent advances
Authors: Chan Shirley Chiu Wai , Chung Ho Yin
Published: January 2024

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a sensitive imaging modality to detect early inflammatory changes in axial spondyloarthritis (SpA). Over a decade has passed since the inclusion of MRI assessment in the 2009 Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) classification criteria for axial SpA. Evidence and clinical experience of MRI in axial SpA have accumulated rapidly since. This has led to a better understanding of the clinical utility of MRI in early diagnosis, disease activity assessment, and monitoring of treatment response in axial SpA. Furthermore, technological advancements have paved the way for the development of novel MRI sequences for the quantification of inflammation and image optimization. The field of artificial intelligence has also been explored to aid medical imaging interpretation, including MRI in axial SpA. This review serves to provide an update on the latest understanding of the evolving roles of MRI in axial SpA.
Whether full‐length IL‐38 acts as a promoter or inhibitor in activating rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast‐like synoviocytes depends on IL‐1β
Authors: Ding Yudan , Shao Ju , Liu Cai , Li Zhengtong , Zhang Yuping , Jie Ligang , Zhu Xiaotong , Liang Bibo , Yu Qinghong , Wu Jing
Published: January 2024

Aim

IL‐38 is a recently discovered inflammatory factor that belongs to the IL‐1 family and has full‐length and truncated forms. Clinical findings demonstrated that serum IL‐38 levels in people with infectious and autoimmune diseases are significantly different from those in healthy people, but the form remains unclear. We are keenly interested in learning more about the regulatory role of full‐length IL‐38 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a classic autoimmune disease.

Methods

RA‐fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (RA‐FLS) were isolated from six RA patients and stimulated with full‐length IL‐38 to observe IL‐6 and IL‐8 secretion. Then, the migration and invasion functions of FLS were assessed. Next, the protein expressions of the MAPK, NF‐κB, and JAK pathways were evaluated. In addition, we examined the effect of full‐length IL‐38 on FLS functions in the presence of IL‐1β. The function of FLS affected by full‐length IL‐38 was also examined after blocking IL‐1 and IL‐36 receptors.

Results

The functions of FLS were activated after the cells were stimulated with full‐length IL‐38. IL‐6 and IL‐8 levels increased with an increase in the full‐length IL‐38 concentration, and full‐length IL‐38 induced the acceleration of FLS migration and invasion functions. In addition, the levels of proteins in the MAPK signaling pathway increased after stimulation with full‐length IL‐38 and depended on its concentration. However, when the FLS were stimulated by IL‐38 and IL‐1β simultaneously, all experiments generated opposite results. Full‐length IL‐38 inhibited FLS function in the presence of IL‐1β. IL‐1R and IL‐36R blockers terminated all effects of full‐length IL‐38 on RA‐FLS.

Conclusion

Full‐length IL‐38 activates FLS functions and acts as a promoter in RA, whereas it inhibits FLS functions and acts as an inhibitor of RA in the presence of IL‐1β. The function of full‐length IL‐38 can be blocked by IL‐1Ra and IL‐36Ra.
Availability of substance use disorder treatment in Spanish: Associations with state‐level proportions of Spanish speakers and treatment facility characteristics in the United States
Authors: Ware Orrin D. , Cano Monique T. , Dalal Safa M. , Garza Noe , Martinez Suky , Salloum Ihsan
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives

Spanish is the second most spoken language in the United States. Not all substance use disorder (SUD) treatment facilities provide treatment in Spanish. This study examined factors associated with SUD treatment facilities having counselors that provide treatment in Spanish.

Methods

State‐level estimates of Spanish‐speaking individuals were derived from the American Community Survey 2019. SUD treatment facility characteristics were captured from the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services 2020. We examined a sample of 15,246 facilities which included 12,798 outpatient, 3554 nonhospital residential, and 1106 with both outpatient and residential programs. Binary logistic regression models were used to observe state‐level proportions of Spanish speakers and facility‐level characteristics as factors associated with a facility having counselors that provide treatment in Spanish.

Results

Approximately 23.3% of facilities had counselors able to provide treatment in Spanish. Among outpatient or nonhospital residential SUD facilities, those in a state with a larger proportion of Spanish‐speaking individuals, facilities with pay assistance, facilities that accept Medicaid, and facilities that engage in community outreach had higher odds of having counselors that provide treatment in Spanish.

Conclusions

Considering that less than a quarter of facilities provide treatment in Spanish, increasing the availability of linguistically appropriate and culturally responsive services for SUD is imperative.

Scientific Significance

This national study is the first of its kind to examine associations between estimates of Spanish speakers and treatment facility characteristics associated with counselors that provide treatment in Spanish in outpatient and nonhospital residential SUD treatment.
Idiopathic erythrocytosis: A diagnostic and management challenge with emerging areas for exploration
Authors: O'Neill Caitlin , O'Connell Casey
Published: January 2024

Despite published algorithms for approaching the work‐up of erythrocytosis, a significant proportion of patients are left with uncertainty as to its aetiology and prognosis. The term ‘idiopathic erythrocytosis’ (IE) is applied when known primary and secondary aetiologies have been ruled out. However, the assignment of secondary aetiologies is not always straightforward or evidence based, which can lead to misdiagnosis and heterogeneity in cohort studies. Furthermore, new studies have identified germline or somatic mutations that may affect prognosis. Epidemiological and cohort data are inconsistent as to whether IE increases the risk for complications such as arterial and venous thromboembolism, clonal transformation or comorbid conditions. Randomized trials assessing the role of phlebotomy for long‐term management of IE have not been performed, so treatment remains a vexing problem for clinicians. Standardization of terminology and testing strategies, including comprehensive genetic screening in clinical research, are key to refining our understanding of IE.
Emicizumab prophylaxis in infants: Single‐centre experience
Authors: Levy‐Mendelovich Sarina , Greenberg‐kushnir Noa , Budnik Ivan , Barg Assaf Arie , Cohen Omri , Avishai Einat , Barazani‐Brutman Tami , Livnat Tami , Kenet Gili
Published: January 2024

The hallmark of haemophilia A (HA) therapy is prophylaxis, aimed at spontaneous bleeding prevention. Emicizumab provides a viable alternative to intravenous factor replacement therapy. However, data on its use in infants are limited. This single‐centre open arm prospective study reports on emicizumab prophylaxis in infants. We included severe HA patients under 1 year who started emicizumab prophylaxis since 2018, with longitudinal follow‐up. The study collected data on demographics, clinical and laboratory variables, the occurrence of bleeding events, surgeries and treatment outcomes. Of the 27 enrolled infants, whose median age at prophylaxis initiation was 7 months, 24 primarily choose to start emicizumab therapy (3/27 switched from FVIII prophylaxis due to development of FVIII inhibitors). The median age for prophylaxis initiation decreased to 3 months in 2023. Following emicizumab initiation, the median calculated ABR decreased, and no intracranial haemorrhages were observed. Thrombin generation showed a significant improvement in peak height and endogenous thrombin potential at steady state after a loading period. Our study highlights a shift towards early prophylaxis in the era of non‐replacement therapies. It underscores the need for continuous evaluation and refinement of treatment approaches, emphasizing personalized care and diligent monitoring in the evolving field of paediatric haemophilia care.
Multimodality imaging for comprehensive non‐invasive diagnosis of aorto‐left ventricular tunnel in infancy
Authors: Rakha Shaimaa , Batouty Nihal M. , Abdelrahman Alaa , ElDerie Ahmad AbdelAleem
Published: January 2024

Background

Aorto‐left ventricular tunnel (ALVT) is a paravalvular communication between aorta and left ventricle. It is one of the rare congenital heart diseases which could present with heart failure.

Case presentation

A case of ALVT was diagnosed in infancy. Preliminary assessment was possible using conventional echocardiography; however, functional assessment and accurate anatomy of ALVT were further verified via variable imaging modalities starting from speckle tracking and three‐dimensional echocardiography to cardiac CT angiogram. The tunnel was successfully repaired with uneventful recovery.

Conclusions

Multimodality imaging can accurately assess cardiac function and demonstrate the anatomy of ALVT noninvasively to plan for successful intervention.
Prey responses to foxes are not determined by nativeness
Authors: Wooster Eamonn I. F. , Ramp Daniel , Lundgren Erick J. , Bonsen Gavin T. , Geisler‐Edge Angelica , Ben‐Ami Dror , Carthey Alexandra J. R. , Carroll Scott , Keynan Oded , Olek Yael , O'Neill Adam , Shanas Uri , Wallach Arian D.
Published: January 2024

Introduced predators are thought to be responsible for the decline and extinction of their native prey. The prey naivety hypothesis provides a mechanism for these declines, suggesting that native prey are vulnerable to introduced predators as their coevolutionary history is insufficiently long for antipredator behaviours to fully develop. The prey naivety hypothesis thus predicts that prey will be less responsive to introduced predators than to native predators. Australia's endemic small mammals are thought to be vulnerable to predation by red foxes because they are less responsive to – or naive of – a predator with whom they have only co‐occurred since the 19th century. To test whether nativeness determines antipredator behaviours we compared small mammal behavioural responses to fox scent outside (Australia) and inside the foxes' native range (North America and Israel). We conducted giving‐up density experiments in the deserts of these three regions and evaluated small mammal antipredator responses to fox scent. To place these results in a broader context, we then integrated our results into a global meta‐analysis of studies assessing prey responsiveness to fox scent. All small mammals similarly increased their vigilance in response to fox scent, regardless of their coevolutionary history with foxes. Australian small mammals responded with greater wariness to fox scent, by decreasing time at food patches in response to fox scent more than Israeli and American small mammals did. However, we found no evidence that this behaviour influenced foraging as nut consumption was unaffected. Our meta‐analysis revealed that globally, small mammals respond with similar wariness to fox scent regardless of whether foxes are their native predator. We found no evidence that Australian small mammals respond in a maladaptive manner, compared to the foxes' native prey. Our results suggest that animals can develop antipredator behaviours to introduced predators to the same magnitude as native prey.
Does excess capacity strengthen firms' dependence on the polluting path? Evidence from Chinese iron and steel firms
Authors: Ma Hongqi , Shen Guangjun , Zou Jingxian
Published: January 2024

This paper studies the relationship between firms' excess capacity and their environmental behaviour by matching the environmental data of China's major iron and steel firms with the Chinese Industrial Enterprises database. The findings are as follows. (1) A firm's excess capacity leads to myopic decisions, and firms will pay more attention to short‐run economic benefits at the cost of long‐run environmental benefits, which strengthens their dependence on the polluting path. (2) The dependence is positively correlated with the transformation barriers, and either a higher innovation cost or a higher possibility of regulatory capture in local official governance would lead to greater dependence on the pollution path. (3) Mergers & acquisitions (M&As) may hopefully cut such dependency, but only cross‐provincial M&As led by central state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) can effectively alleviate the “pollution effect” of excess capacity, while intra‐provincial M&As led by local SOEs fail to achieve such a goal.
Do ties protect? Examining economic insecurity and mental health in mixed‐status families among undocumented undergraduates
Authors: Morales Josefina Flores , Enriquez Laura , Ayón Cecilia
Published: January 2024

Objective

This research investigated whether economic insecurity is associated with undocumented undergraduate students' mental health and if having lawfully present family members mitigates the relationship between economic insecurity and mental health.

Background

Research shows that U.S.‐citizen family members deploy their status privilege, structural advantages enabled by their lawful immigration status, to help undocumented immigrant family members. However, no study to date has established whether such cross‐status support is sufficient to moderate consequences of legal vulnerability.

Method

Data are from a 2020 online survey of undocumented undergraduates in California (N = 777). Regression analyses test the relationship between economic insecurity (individual/familial) and mental health (anxiety and depression symptomology). The inclusion of interaction terms tests moderation of four lawfully present family ties: parents, siblings, extended family living in the household, and extended family living outside the household.

Results

Undocumented students' own economic insecurity is associated with increased anxiety and depression symptomatology. Having lawfully present extended family members in the household can buffer this relationship, but it also strengthens the relationship between familial economic insecurity and anxiety.

Conclusion

Lawfully present family members may use their status privilege to offer support in certain contexts but are insufficient to address severe structural inequalities linked to one's immigration status.

Implications

Mental health professionals should be prepared to address a wide array of legal vulnerabilities including economic insecurity. Economic insecurity is a moveable and policy‐relevant lever that can be addressed by allocating more student resources, such as support buying books, obtaining affordable housing, and access to food.
Gastric Helicobacter pylori infection does not contribute to extraoral halitosis and its eradication cannot achieve substantial reduction of halitosis
Authors: Chen Ying , Qian Xiao Xian
Published: January 2024

Background

Some researchers have suggested that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is attributed to extraoral halitosis. However, this viewpoint is increasingly challenged by clinical practice. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating changes of extraoral halitosis before and after H. pylori eradication.

Materials and Methods

Data of patients who had H. pylori infection and extraoral halitosis were retrospectively collected. H. pylori infection was diagnosed by positive 13C urea breath test (UBT). Extraoral halitosis was diagnosed by organoleptic score (OLS) ≥2 in nose breath. A 14‐day bismuth‐based quadruple therapy was administered for H. pylori eradication. Extraoral halitosis was examined before eradication (T1), on the first day after eradication (T2), 1 month after eradication (T3), and 3 months after eradication (T4). Eradication effect was checked by UBT at T3.

Results

A total of 100 patients were included. Eradication was successful in 74 out of 100 (74%) patients (success group) and failed in 26 out of 100 (26%) patients (failure group). 32 out of 74 (43.24%) patients in success group and 10 out of 26 (38.46%) patients in failure group had reduced halitosis at T2, 9 out of 74 (12.16%) patients in success group and 2 out 26 (7.69%) patients in failure group had relapsed halitosis at T3, and 23 out of 74 (31.08%) patients in success group and 8 out of 26 (30.77%) patients in failure group had relapsed halitosis at T4, without significant difference between groups at any time (p = 0.918, p = 0.808, and p = 0.808 respectively).

Conclusions

Helicobacter pylori infection does not contribute to extraoral halitosis. H. pylori eradication can achieve sustained but slight reduction of extraoral halitosis, probably due to its antibiotic effects on the gut microbiota rather than H. pylori.
Rhuddanian to Aeronian (Llandovery, early Silurian) carbon isotope stratigraphy throughout carbonate sequences in the upper Yangtze region, South China block
Authors: Yu Shenyang , Li Qijian , Kershaw Stephen , Munnecke Axel , Mao Yingyan , Li Yue
Published: January 2024

The Xiangshuyuan Formation (middle Rhuddanian to middle Aeronian stages of the Llandovery Series, lower Silurian) records a shelly fauna representing recovery after the end‐Ordovician mass extinction in a well‐oxygenated shallow carbonate platform of the Upper Yangtze region, South China Block. Carbon isotope stratigraphy is documented from limestone sequences of the formation at the Qiankou section, northeast Guizhou. The early Aeronian carbon isotope excursion (EACIE, with an amplitude of about 2 ‰ and peak value of 2.44 ‰) is identified in the middle and upper parts of the formation (Ozarkodina obesa conodont Biozone). The EACIE recorded herein correlates well with those in Baltica, Canada, and the United States; together with its records from organic material (δ13Corg) the data verify that the EACIE is a global event. The beginning of the EACIE can be used as a chemostratigraphic marker defining the Rhuddanian/Aeronian boundary in strata that lack high‐resolution biostratigraphic constraints.
Reference intervals of cell population data parameters in Sysmex XN‐Series and its patterns of changes from early adulthood to geriatric ages in South Korea
Authors: Choi Yong Jun , Park Ju‐Heon , Cho Seon , Park Hyeran , Kim Suyoung , Kwon Eunjoo , Cho Han‐Ik , Nah Eun‐Hee
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Cell population data (CPD) parameters may be putative biomarkers for the screening of various diseases including some infections and myelodysplastic syndrome. This study aimed to establish the age‐ and sex‐specific reference intervals (RIs) for the CPD parameters in the Korean population.

Methods

The reference population for the RIs of CPD parameters comprised 124 856 subjects aged 20–99 years. CPD parameters were obtained from Sysmex XN‐2000 (Kobe, Japan) datasets from 17 health promotion centers in 13 South Korean cities. We determined significant partitions for age and sex, and calculated RIs according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute C28‐A3 guidelines.

Results

The side scattered light intensity in the neutrophil area and the lymphocyte area did not require sex‐related partitioning except in those over the age of 50, among whom the lower limit (LL) and upper limit (UL) were lower in females. However, the side scattered light distribution width in the lymphocyte area required age‐ and sex‐related partitioning, in which LL and UL were higher in females. The LL and UL of the fluorescent light distribution width were higher in males in the neutrophil area and higher in females in the lymphocyte area, but age‐related partitioning was not required. The forward scattered light intensity in the neutrophil area, lymphocyte area, and monocyte area did not require age‐related partitioning in males.

Conclusion

This study has determined comprehensive age‐ and sex‐specific RIs for CPD parameters, which could help to prove the clinical significance of these parameters in the Sysmex XN‐2000.