bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Substituted Furanocoumarins as Novel Class of Antibacterial Translation Inhibitors
Authors: Ivanenkov Yan A. , Yamidanov Renat S. , Osterman Ilya A. , Sergiev Petr V. , Ayginin Andrey A. , Aladinskiy Vladimir A. , Aladinskaya Anastasia V. , Terentiev Victor A. , Veselov Mark S. , Skvortsov Dmitry A. , Komarova Katerina S. , Chemeris Alexey V. , Zainullina Liana F. , Maximova Marina A. , Zileeva Zulfiya R. , Vakhitova Yulia V. , Baymiev Alexey Kh. , Baymiev Andrey Kh. , Sofronova Alina A. , Machulkin Alexey E. , Petrov Rostislav A. , Bezrukov Dmitry S. , Puchinina Maria M. , Lukianov Dmitrii A. , Dontsova Olga A.
Published: July 2019

Introduction:

A variety of organic compounds has been reported to have antibacterial activity.
However, antimicrobial resistance is one of the main problems of current anti-infective therapy, and the
development of novel antibacterials is one of the main challenges of current drug discovery.

Methods:

Using our previously developed dual-reporter High-Throughput Screening (HTS) platform, we
identified a series of furanocoumarins as having high antibacterial activity. The construction of the reporter
system allows us to differentiate three mechanisms of action for the active compounds: inhibition of
protein synthesis (induction of Katushka2S), DNA damaging (induction of RFP) or other (inhibition of
bacterial growth without reporter induction).

Results:

Two primary hit-molecules of furanocoumarin series demonstrated relatively low MIC values
comparable to that observed for Erythromycin (Ery) against E. coli and weakly induced both reporters.
Dose-dependent translation inhibition was shown using in vitro luciferase assay, however it was not
confirmed using C14-test. A series of close structure analogs of the identified hits was obtained and
investigated using the same screening platform. Compound 19 was found to have slightly lower MIC value
(15.18 µM) and higher induction of Katushka2S reporter in contrast to the parent structures. Moreover,
translation blockage was clearly identified using both in vitro luciferase assay and C14 test. The standard
cytotoxicity test revealed a relatively low cytotoxicity of the most active molecules.

Conclusion:

High antibacterial activity in combination with low cytotoxicity was demonstrated for a series
of furanocoumarins. Further optimization of the described structures may result in novel and attractive lead
compounds with promising antibacterial efficiency.
Perspectives in Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy: Molecular Evolution of Peptide- and Protein-Based Strategies
Authors: Jacquet Alain
Published: July 2019

Allergen-specific Immunotherapy (AIT), through repetitive subcutaneous or sublingual administrations of allergen extracts, represents up to now the unique treatment against allergic sensitizations. However, the clinical efficacy of AIT can be largely dependent on the quality of natural allergen extracts. Moreover, the long duration and adverse side effects associated with AIT negatively impact patient adherence. Tremendous progress in the field of molecular allergology has made possible the design of safer, shorter and more effective new immunotherapeutic approaches based on purified and characterized natural or recombinant allergen derivatives and peptides. This review will summarize the characteristics of these different innovative vaccines including their effects in preclinical studies and clinical trials.
Current RNA-based Therapeutics in Clinical Trials
Authors: Zhou Ling-Yan , Qin Zhou , Zhu Yang-Hui , He Zhi-Yao , Xu Ting
Published: July 2019

Long-term research on various types of RNAs has led to further understanding of diverse mechanisms, which eventually resulted in the rapid development of RNA-based therapeutics as powerful tools in clinical disease treatment. Some of the developing RNA drugs obey the antisense mechanisms including antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNAs, microRNAs, small activating RNAs, and ribozymes. These types of RNAs could be utilized to inhibit/activate gene expression or change splicing to provide functional proteins. In the meantime, some others based on different mechanisms like modified messenger RNAs could replace the dysfunctional endogenous genes to manage some genetic diseases, and aptamers with special three-dimensional structures could bind to specific targets in a high-affinity manner. In addition, the recent most popular CRISPR-Cas technology, consisting of a crucial single guide RNA, could edit DNA directly to generate therapeutic effects. The desired results from recent clinical trials indicated the great potential of RNA-based drugs in the treatment of various diseases, but further studies on improving delivery materials and RNA modifications are required for the novel RNA-based drugs to translate to the clinic. This review focused on the advances and clinical studies of current RNA-based therapeutics, analyzed their challenges and prospects.
High Glucose Affects the Cytotoxic Potential of Rapamycin, Metformin and Hydrogen Peroxide in Cultured Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Roohi Azam , Nikougoftar Mahin , Montazeri Hamed , Navabi Shadisadat , Shokri Fazel , Ostad Seyed Nasser , Ghahremani Mohammad Hossein
Published: July 2019

Background:

Oxidative stress and chronic hyperglycemia are two major side effects of type 2 diabetes affecting all cell types including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). As a cell therapy choice, understanding the behavior of MSCs will provide crucial information for efficient treatment.

Methods:

Placental mesenchymal stem cells were treated with various concentrations of glucose, metformin, rapamycin, and hydrogen peroxide to monitor their viability and cell cycle distribution. Cellular viability was examined via the MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution was studied by propidium iodide staining and apoptosis was determined using Annexin Vpropidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. Involvement of potential signaling pathways was evaluated by Western blotting for activation of Akt, P70S6K, and AMPK.

Results:

The results indicated that high glucose augmented cell viability and reduced metformin toxic potential. However, the hydrogen peroxide and rapamycin toxicities were exacerbated.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that high glucose concentration has a major effect on placental mesenchymal stem cell viability in the presence of rapamycin, metformin and hydrogen peroxide in culture.
Methoxychalcones: Effect of Methoxyl Group on the Antifungal, Antibacterial and Antiproliferative Activities
Authors: Marques Beatriz C. , Santos Mariana B. , Anselmo Daiane B. , Monteiro Diego A. , Gomes Eleni , Saiki Marilia F.C. , Rahal Paula , Rosalen Pedro L. , Sardi Janaina C.O. , Regasini Luis O.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Chalcones substituted by methoxyl groups have presented a broad spectrum
of bioactivities, including antifungal, antibacterial and antiproliferative effects. However, a
clear and unambiguous investigation about the relevance of this substituent on the chalcone
framework has not been described.

Objective:

The purpose of this work is to assess the antibacterial, antifungal and antiproliferative
activities of the two series of seventeen synthesized regioisomeric methoxychalcones. Series I and
II were constituted by chalcones substituted by methoxyl groups on rings A (5–12) and B (13–21),
respectively. In addition, the library of methoxychalcones was submitted to in silico drug-likeness
and pharmacokinetics properties predictions.

Methods:

Methoxychalcones were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by NMR spectral
data analyses. Evaluations of antimicrobial activity were performed against five species of
Candida, two Gram-negative and five Gram-positive species. For antiproliferative activity,
methoxychalcones were evaluated against four human tumorigenic cell lines, as well as human
non-tumorigenic keratinocytes. Drug-likeness and pharmacokinetics properties were predicted using
Molinspiration and PreADMET toolkits.

Results:

In general, chalcones of series I are the most potent antifungal, antibacterial and antiproliferative
agents. 3’, 4’, 5’-Trimethoxychalcone (12) demonstrated potent antifungal activity
against Candida krusei (MIC = 3.9 μg/mL), eight times more potent than fluconazole (reference
antifungal drug). 3’-Methoxychalcone (6) displayed anti-Pseudomonas activity (MIC = 7.8
μg/mL). 2’,5’-Dimethoxychalcone (9) displayed potent antiproliferative effect against C-33A
(cervix), A-431 (skin) and MCF-7 (breast), with IC50 values ranging from 7.7 to 9.2 μM. Its potency
was superior to curcumin (reference antiproliferative compound), which exhibited IC50 values
ranging from 10.4 to 19.0 μM.

Conclusion:

Our studies corroborated the relevance of methoxychalcones as antifungal, antibacterial
and antiproliferative agents. In addition, we elucidated influence of the position and number of
methoxyl groups toward bioactivity. In silico predictions indicated good drug-likeness and pharmacokinetics
properties to the library of methoxychalcones.
Leukocyte Image Segmentation Based on Adaptive Histogram Thresholding and Contour Detection
Authors: Zhou Xiaogen , Li Zuoyong , Xie Huosheng , Feng Ting , Lu Yan , Wang Chuansheng , Chen Rongyan
Published: July 2019

Aims:

The proposed method falls into the category of medical image processing.

Background:

Computer-aided automatic analysis systems for the analysis and cytometry of leukocyte
(White Blood Cells, WBCs) in human blood smear images are a powerful diagnostic tool for
many types of diseases, such as anemia, malaria, syphilis, heavy metal poisoning, and leukemia.
Leukocyte segmentation is a basis of its automatic analysis, and the segmentation accuracy will
directly influence the reliability of image-based automatic leukocyte analysis.

Objective:

This paper aims to present a leukocyte segmentation method, which improves segmentation
accuracy under rapid and standard staining conditions.

Methods:

The proposed method first localizes leukocytes by color component combination and
Adaptive Histogram Thresholding (AHT), and crops sub-image corresponding to each leukocyte.
Then, the proposed method employs AHT to extract the nucleus of leukocyte and utilizes image
color features to remove image backgrounds such as red blood cells and dyeing impurities. Finally,
Canny edge detection is performed to extract the entire leukocyte. Accordingly, cytoplasm is obtained
by subtracting nucleus with leukocyte.

Results:

Experimental results on two datasets containing 160 leukocyte images show that the proposed
method obtains more accurate segmentation results than their counterparts.

Conclusion:

The proposed method obtains more accurate segmentation results than their counterparts
under rapid and standard staining conditions.
Natural Scene Nutrition Information Acquisition and Analysis Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Zhang Tianyue , Wei Xu , Li Zhi , Shi Fangzhe , Xia Zhiqiang , Lian Mengru , Chen Ling , Zhang Hao
Published: July 2019

Background:

In the field of personalized health, it is often difficult for individuals to
obtain professional knowledge to solve their practical problems timely and accurately. While there
are some applications that can get targeted information, they often fail to function properly in nonideal
environments, and they cannot achieve precise answers to individual users. Therefore, how to
establish an information capture model based on big data and combine it with intelligent search is
an important issue in the field of personalized health.

Objective:

This paper starts with the information acquisition and intelligent recommendation in the
field of personalized health, and proposes a natural scene information acquisition and analysis
model based on deep learning, focusing on improving the recognition rate of text in natural scenes
and achieving targeted smart search to allow users to get more accurate personalized health advice.

Methods:

In this model, natural scene information is processed from four aspects: targeted big data
collection and search, connected text proposal network text detection algorithm and projectionbased
text segmentation, capsule network text recognition and result analysis. The model reduces
recognition bias due to problems such as special filming conditions and photographic techniques
by using deep learning algorithms. At the same time, the data mining has also improved the pertinence
of the results analysis.

Conclusion:

This model combines deep learning and data mining methods to obtain intelligent solutions
at a professional level by uploading target information images in non-ideal environments,
and is suitable for accurate analysis of problems in personalized health area.

Results:

The proposed model is applied to analyze the user's nutrient intake requirements. The results
show that the method achieves 83% prediction accuracy on the nutrient composition table dataset,
and its performance is better than current convolutional neural network applications. And the
model can get accurate personalized data to provide users with dietary advice.
The Effect of a Ferrocene Containing Camphor Sulfonamide DK-164 on Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Schröder Maria , Yusein-Myashkova Shazie , Petrova Maria , Dobrikov Georgi , Kamenova-Nacheva Mariana , Todorova Jordana , Pasheva Evdokia , Ugrinova Iva
Published: July 2019

Background:

Drug resistance is a major cause of cancer treatment failure. Most cancer therapies involve multiple agents, to overcome it. Compounds that exhibit strong anti-tumor effect without damaging normal cells are more and more in the focus of research. Chemotherapeutic drugs, combining different moieties and functional groups in one molecule, can modulate different regulatory pathways in the cell and thus reach the higher efficacy than the agents, which affect only one cellular process.

Methods:

We tested the effect of recently synthesized ferrocene-containing camphor sulfonamide DK-164 on two breast cancer and one breast non-cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic effects were evaluated using the standard MTT-dye reduction and clonogenic assays. The apoptotic or autophagic effects were evaluated by Annexin v binding or LC3 puncta formation assays respectively. Cell cycle arrest was determined using flow cytometry. Western blot and immunofluorescent analyses were used to estimate the localization and cellular distribution of key regulatory factors NFκB and p53.

Results:

Compound DK-164 has well pronounced cytotoxicity greater to cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) compared to non-cancerous (MCF-10A). IC50 of the substance caused a cell cycle arrest in G1 phase and induced apoptosis up to 24 hours in both tumor cells, although being more pronounced in MCF-7, a functional p53 cell line. Treatment with IC50 concentration of the compound provoked autophagy in both tumor lines but is better pronounced in the more aggressive cancer line (MDA-MB-231).

Conclusion:

The tested compound DK-164 showed promising properties as a potential therapeutic agent.
Progranulin Regulates Inflammation and Tumor
Authors: Liu Chunxiao , Li Jiayi , Shi Wenjing , Zhang Liujia , Liu Shuang , Lian Yingcong , Liang Shujuan , Wang Hongyan
Published: July 2019

Progranulin (PGRN) mediates cell cycle progression and cell motility as a pleiotropic growth factor and acts as a universal regulator of cell growth, migration and transformation, cell cycle, wound healing, tumorigenesis, and cytotoxic drug resistance as a secreted glycoprotein. PGRN overexpression can induce the secretion of many inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-8, -6,-10, TNF-α. At the same time, this protein can promote tumor proliferation and the occurrence and development of many related diseases such as gastric cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, renal injury, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammatory, human atherosclerotic plaque, hepatocarcinoma, acute kidney injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. In short, PGRN plays a very critical role in injury repair and tumorigenesis, it provides a new direction for succeeding research and serves as a target for clinical diagnosis and treatment, thus warranting further investigation. Here, we discuss the potential therapeutic utility and the effect of PGRN on the relationship between inflammation and cancer.
The Impact of L-Carnitine and Coenzyme Q10 as Protection Against Busulfan-Oxidative Stress in the Liver of Adult Rats
Authors: Abdelrazek Areeg M. , Haredy Shimaa A.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Busulfan (Bu) is an anticancer drug with a variety of adverse effects for
cancer patients. Oxidative stress has been considered as a common pathological mechanism and it
has a key role in the initiation and progression of liver injury by Bu.

Aim:

The study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant impact of L-Carnitine and Coenzyme Q10 and
their protective role against oxidative stress damage in liver tissues.

Methods and Material:

Thirty-six albino rats were divided equally into six groups. G1 (con), received
I.P. injection of DMSO plus 1 ml of distilled water daily by oral gavages; G2 (Bu), received
I.P. injection of Bu plus 1 ml of the distilled water daily; G3 (L-Car), received 1 ml of L-Car orally;
G4 (Bu + L-Car) received I.P. injection of Bu plus 1 ml of L-Car, G5 (CoQ10) 1 ml of CoQ10 daily;
and G6 (Bu + CoQ10) received I.P. injection of Bu plus 1 ml of CoQ10 daily.

Results:

The recent data showed that Bu induced significant (P<0.05) elevation in serum ALT,
AST, liver GSSG, NO, MDA and 8-OHDG, while showing significant (P<0.05) decrease in liver
GSH and ATP. On the other hand, L-Carnitine and Coenzyme Q10 ameliorated the negative effects
prompted by Bu. Immunohistochemical expression of caspase-3 in liver tissues reported pathological
alterations in Bu group while also showed significant recovery in L-Car more than CoQ10.

Conclusion:

L-Car, as well as CoQ10, can enhance the hepatotoxic effects of Bu by promoting energy
production in oxidative phosphorylation process and by scavenging the free radicals.
Compendium of Salvia officinalis: An Overview
Authors: Khare Ruchi , Upmanyu Neeraj , Shukla Tripti , Jain Vishal , Jha Megha
Published: July 2019

The medicinal plants have enormous commercial potential throughout the globe.
In the herbal boom worldwide, it is estimated that high quality phyto-medicinals will provide
safe and effective medication. In India, Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani etc. consist of large number
of herbal remedies, being used from ancient times. Many plant species containing active
constituents that have a direct pharmacological action on the body. This plant Sage (Salvia
officinalis Linn) is historically well known from the early 1960s till now by its therapeutic
and culinary applications due to its high economic value. The plant is reported to contain alkaloids,
triterpenoid, steroids, Phenolic compounds and essential oils. Sage plant is a rich
source of antioxidant properties, for this reason sage has found increasing application in food
industry. The core purpose of this review is to emphasize the origin, morphology, Phytochemistry
and pharmacological aspects of Sage (Salvia officinalis Linn).
Long-Term Outcomes of a Therapist-Supported, Smartphone-Based Intervention for Elevated Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: Quasiexperimental, Pre-Postintervention Study
Authors: Economides Marcos , Ranta Kristian , Nazander Albert , Hilgert Outi , Goldin Philippe R , Raevuori Anu , Forman-Hoffman Valerie
Published: July 2019

Background

Depression is one of the most common mental health disorders and severely impacts one’s physical, psychological, and social functioning. To address access barriers to care, we developed Ascend—a smartphone-delivered, therapist-supported, 8-week intervention based on several evidence-based psychological treatments for depression and anxiety. A previous feasibility study with 102 adults with elevated depression reported that Ascend is associated with a postintervention reduction in depression symptoms.

Objective

We aimed to examine whether Ascend is associated with a reduction in symptoms of anxiety, and importantly, whether reductions in symptoms of depression and anxiety are maintained up to 12-months postintervention.

Methods

We assessed whether the previously reported, end-of-treatment improvements seen in the 102 adults with elevated symptoms of depression extended up to 12 months posttreatment for depression symptoms (measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]) and up to 6 months posttreatment for anxiety symptoms (added to the intervention later and measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7] scale). We used linear mixed effects models with Tukey contrasts to compare time points and reported intention-to-treat statistics with a sensitivity analysis.

Results

The intervention was associated with reductions in symptoms of depression that were maintained 12 months after the program (6.67-point reduction in PHQ-9 score, 95% CI 5.59-7.75; P<.001; Hedges g=1.14, 95% CI 0.78-1.49). A total of 60% of the participants with PHQ-9 scores above the cutoff for major depression at baseline (PHQ≥10) reported clinically significant improvement at the 12-month follow-up (at least 50% reduction in PHQ-9 score and postprogram score <10). Participants also reported reductions in symptoms of anxiety that were maintained for at least 6 months after the program (4.26-point reduction in GAD-7 score, 95% CI 3.14-5.38; P<.001; Hedges g=0.91, 95% CI 0.54-1.28).

Conclusions

There is limited evidence on whether outcomes associated with smartphone-based interventions for common mental health problems are maintained posttreatment. Participants who enrolled in Ascend experienced clinically significant reductions in symptoms of depression and anxiety that were maintained for up to 1 year and 6 months after the intervention, respectively. Future randomized trials are warranted to test Ascend as a scalable solution to the treatment of depression and anxiety.
The Impact of a Social Networking Service–Enhanced Smart Care Model on Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease: Quasi-Experimental Study (Preprint)
Authors: Yang Feng-Jung , Hou Ying-Hui , Chang Ray-E
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

Stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents a high risk for dialysis initiation and for complications such as uremic encephalopathy, uremic symptoms, gastrointestinal bleeding, and infection. One of the most common barriers to health care for patients with stage 5 CKD is poor continuity of care due to unresolved communication gaps.

OBJECTIVE

Our aim was to establish a powerful care model that includes the use of a social networking service (SNS) to improve care quality for patients with CKD and safely delay dialysis initiation.

METHODS

We used a retrospective cohort of CKD patients aged 20-85 years who received care between 2007 and 2017 to evaluate the efficacy of incorporating an SNS into the health care system. In 2014, author F-JY, a nephrologist at the National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, started to use an SNS app to connect with stage 5 CKD patients and their families. In cases of emergency, patients and families could quickly report any condition to F-JY. Using this app, F-JY helped facilitate productive interactions between these patients and the health care system. The intention was to safely delay the initiation of dialysis therapy. We divided patients into four groups: group 1 (G1) included patients at the study hospital during the 2007-2014 period who had contact only with nephrologists other than F-JY; group 2 (G2) included patients who visited F-JY during the 2007-2014 period before he began using the SNS app; group 3 (G3) included patients who visited nephrologists other than F-JY during the 2014-2017 period and had no interactions using the SNS; and group 4 (G4) included patients who visited F-JY during the 2014-2017 period and interacted with him using the SNS app.

RESULTS

We recruited 209 patients with stage 5 CKD who had been enrolled in the study hospital’s CKD program between 2007 and 2017. Each of the four groups initiated dialysis at different times. Before adjusting for baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the G4 patients had a longer time to dialysis (mean 761.7 days, SD 616.2 days) than the other groups (G1: mean 403.6 days, SD 409.4 days, P=.011 for G4 vs G1; G2: 394.8 days, SD 318.8 days, P=.04; G3: 369.1 days, SD 330.8 days, P=.049). After adjusting for baseline eGFR, G4 had a longer duration for each eGFR drop (mean 84.8 days, SD 65.1 days) than the other groups (G1: mean 43.5 days, SD 45.4 days, P=.005; G2: mean 42.5 days, SD 26.5 days, P=.03; G3: mean 3.8.7 days, SD 33.5 days, P=.002).

CONCLUSIONS

The use of an SNS app between patients with stage 5 CKD and their physicians can reduce the communication gap between them and create benefits such as prolonging time-to-dialysis initiation. The role of SNSs and associated care models should be further investigated in a larger population.
Predicting overall death risk in patients with H7N9 infection using a nomogram (Preprint)
Authors: Cheng Qing Lin , Zhao Gang , Xie Li , Sun Zhou
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

To date, almost all of these studies have identified multiple risk factors but did not offer practical instruments for routine use in predicting death risk in human H7N9 infection cases. Such an instrument could be useful in identifying high-risk H7N9 patients who can benefit from reducing the risk of death.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to create a clinical nomogram to predict the overall death (OD) risk of patients with H7N9 virus infection (VI).

METHODS

We reviewed specific factors and outcomes regarding patients with H7N9 VI to determine relationships and developed a nomogram to calculate individualized patient risk. This model was used to predict each individual patient’s probability of death based on results obtained from the multivariate binary logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS

We examined 227 patients with H7N9 VI enrolled in our study over a nearly 6-year period. Stepwise selection was applied to the data, which resulted in a final model with 7 independent predictors. The nomogram model was constructed for maximum predictive accuracy. The concordance index of this nomogram was 0.906 and 0.822 for the training and validation sets, respectively, which indicates adequate discriminatory power. The calibration curves for the OD showed optimal agreement between nomogram prediction and actual observation in the training and validation sets, respectively. A decision-curve analysis of the clinical benefit indicates that the prognostic model, including age ≥ 60 years , chronic disease, poor hand hygiene , time from illness onset to the first medical visit, incubation period of ≤ 5 days, peak C-reactive protein ≥120 mg/L, and increased initial neutrophil count factors, resulted in a higher net benefit across a wide range of decision threshold probabilities (i.e., an approximately 6 – 98% risk of death). With the cutoff threshold values of 30% and 20% predicted probabilities, nomogram models showed sensitivities of 85.7% and 80.9% and specificities of 78.3% and 73.1% when applied to the training and validation sets, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

We established and validated a novel nomogram that can predict OD for patients with H7N9 VI. This practical prognostic model may help clinicians in decision making, clinical diagnosis, and treatment selection.
La práctica deliberada interprofesional como medida para mejorar la seguridad del paciente
Authors: Ríos Briones Nidia Isabel , Daniel Guerrero Alba Brenda , Méndez Gutiérrez Eduardo , Barona Nuñez Argimira Vianey
Published: July 2019

The medical education in our country is a shared responsibility between academic and health institutions. After the publication that stated that the medical error was the third cause of death, patient safety became a priority in the training of health professionals. This training is based on the strategies that favor the development of clinical knowledge and the collaborative and interprofessional work. The deliberate practice has been used in multiple performance activities and interprofesional work. This measure has been very useful for the health systems; therefore, this is something that must be taught in the first years of the career. The deliberate practice as a learning strategy in the interprofesional education has shown impactful results.
Nuestra experiencia en el mantenimiento de simuladores
Authors: Córdoba Aguiar Fernando , Hernández Vázquez Luis Antonio
Published: July 2019

One of the benefits of collaborating in an interprofesional team is the exchange, and the acquisition of knowledge, skills and operational strategies alongside this community. Here, we share an example and an analogy from the medical field: A biomedical engineer, from a simulation center, who has the task of preserving the functionality, integrity and aesthetics of the simulators and the equipment, acquires a role similar to that of a doctor who seeks strategies that focus on maintaining a healthy population. The following is a review of our experience in the Centro de Enseñanza por Simulación de Posgrado (CESIP) of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). It should be noted that none of the strategies stated here can be considered as a reference “of excellence” for the operation of a simulation center, due to the great number of particularities in each of them. Finally, we are convinced that sharing our experience may be useful for other centers, especially due to the lack of information available. Keywords: Simulators, maintenance, biomedical,conservation.
Recesiones de México en los albores del siglo XXI
Authors: Mejía Reyes Pablo , Díaz Miguel Ángel , Vergara González Reyna
Published: July 2019

En el presente documento se utiliza un enfoque episódico para contrastar las causas, los mecanismos de transmisión y las respuestas de política de las recesiones presentadas durante los años 2001-2003 y 2008-2009 en México, y explicar así, sus diferentes características. Ambas recesiones se derivaron de burbujas especulativas de sectores específicos de Estados Unidos y generaron episodios análogos en la economía mexicana como consecuencia de su alto grado de integración. No obstante, la primera fue más larga por los choques exógenos (ataques terroristas e ingreso de China a la Organización Mundial de Comercio (omc)) que agudizaron la caída de la manufactura, y la segunda más profunda debido a los efectos del colapso del crédito. Esta evidencia muestra los límites de la política económica nacional y la alta vulnerabilidad de la economía mexicana a loschoques externos.
El agro en Uruguay: renta del suelo, ingreso laboral y ganancias
Authors: Oyhantçabal Benelli Gabriel , Sanguinetti Martín
Published: July 2019

Desde el año 2002, el sector agropecuario de Uruguay atravesó intensas transformaciones en un contexto de altos precios de los commodities y flujos de inversión extranjera. La presente investigación estudió una dimensión no abordada de estos cambios ligada a sus impactos en la distribución del ingreso, aportando a la literatura reciente en esta materia. En el periodo 2000-2015 se analizó la distribución del ingreso por fuente de remuneración (ingreso laboral, ganancia y renta del suelo), y por clase social incluyendo al Estado. Los resultados muestran que los terratenientes fueron el sujeto que más incrementó su apropiación de valor, creció levemente la masa salarial y no se modificó la participación estatal en el valor agropecuario ni en la renta del suelo.
Financiarización y sector carretero en México
Authors: Mendoza José Enrique
Published: July 2019

La financiarización ha transformado al gasto público en garante de rentas financieras. Una de las expresiones de este proceso es el gasto público asociado al capital privado como soporte de la titulación de activos públicos. En el caso del sector carretero, el financiamiento estructurado reduce la disponibilidad de recursos públicos, permite la realización de nuevas fuentes de ganancia para el capital monopólico financiero y encarece el costo de la infraestructura. El objetivo es analizar cómo operan las Asociaciones Público Privadas (APP) en el sector carretero mexicano.
Renta extractiva y la minería del cobre en el Perú
Authors: Landa Arroyo Yuri
Published: July 2019

En el marco de un enfoque de sostenibilidad débil, este documento evalúa si la rentagenerada por la minería del cobre se ha traducido en mejoras en infraestructura educativa, de salud y vial en las zonas extractoras del Perú, tanto a nivel distrital como departamental, entre los años 2004 y 2013. Los resultados muestran que las localidades extractoras sí han podido mejorar la infraestructura mencionada en mayor medida que el resto, aunque en magnitudes reducidas. Este efecto débil estaría ligado a la escasa visión de sostenibilidad del Estado y a un proceso de regionalización todavía en construcción.
Empoderamiento económico de las mujeres. Nadie se queda atrás. Acciones procurando el cambio
Authors: Girón Alicia
Published: July 2019

Nadie se Queda Atrás, Acciones Procurando el Cambio centra el empoderamientoeconómico de las mujeres como el corazón de la Agenda 2030. Sólo si las mujeres participan en todas las esferas de la vida, incluyendo la económica, se alcanzarán los Objetivos del Desarrollo Sostenible (ods). Este documento trabajado a lo largo de seis meses incluye recomendaciones para lograr el cambio mediante acciones concretas entre gobiernos, sector privado y sociedad civil. El Estado deberá transmitir cambios y mejoras en las políticas públicas, en las leyes del sistema jurídico, ampliar el gasto público para lograr más empleos, mejorar la estrecha relación entre las diferentes asociaciones e intentar aumentar la representación de las mujeres en la vida pública.
¿Qué sucedió con el casillero vacío del desarrollo de América Latina 30 años después?
Authors: Jaimes Paola , Matamoros Guillermo
Published: July 2019

El presente texto reaplica la metodología que utilizó Fernando Fajnzylber para caracterizar el patrón de desarrollo de América Latina desde la década de 1960 hasta mediados de 1980, lo que lo llevó a distinguirlo como un patrón carente de crecimiento con equidad, y al que llamó casillero vacío. En esta ocasión, se analizan los 30 años posteriores con el objeto de revelar los cambios fundamentales en el patrón de desarrollo de la región, si es que los ha habido, y evidenciar la permanencia o no del casillero vacío en sus términos originales. El cometido implícito es la propuesta de un análisis crítico del desarrollo económico latinoamericano en línea con el trabajo de un clásico del estructuralismo como lo es Fajnzylber.
Geopolitics of the Sea: the Idea of Ocean Control in the Political Discourse of Independent India
Authors: Kupriyanov Alexey Vladimirovich
Published: July 2019

The article is devoted to the history of the idea of control over the Indian Ocean in the context of the development of India’s political discourse. This issue relates to the history of the development of the maritime security component of India in colonial and postcolonial times. The author seeks to analyze the genesis of the idea of India’s control over the sea, the main stages of its formation and its specific features. The relevance of the issue is emphasized by the attention paid in present-day India to the problem of effective control over the Indian Ocean, its perception as zone of Indian dominance in the context of the formation of the Indo-Pacific region. The article proves that the concept of ocean control, which is now popular among Indian politicians and experts, was formed as a result of the consistent evolution of discourse, to which theorists, military and politicians contributed. As a result of this evolution, India developed its own concept of control over sea spaces, implying the role of India as the main supplier of security in the region and the leader of the regional community of countries, which includes the states controlling the key points of the Indian Ocean. This evolution can be divided into three stages. During the first one (1947-1965) the doctrine of ‘possession of the sea’ was formulated, and this was done by K.M. Panikkar and K.B. Vaidya. Those plans, however, were not realized due to lack of resources. During the second stage (1965-1991) the idea was removed from the Indian external and internal political discourse. At the same time Navy’s size and equipment were constantly growing, allowing India to defeat Pakistan at sea in 1971 and successfully solve tactical tasks, supporting profitable status quo in the Indian Ocean region. Finally, during the third stage (1991-2019) the idea of control over the ocean was revived. As a result of this evolution, India developed its own concept of control over ocean spaces, implying the role of the country as the main supplier of security in the region and the leader of the regional community of countries, which includes the states controlling the key points of the Indian Ocean.
Studying IR in the Global South. Interview with Professor Navnita Chadha Behera, University of Delhi, India
Authors: - -
Published: July 2019

Navnita Chadha Behera is Professor of International Relations at the Department of Political Science at the University of Delhi (India) and currently a Fulbright Visiting Fellow at the Sigur Centre for Asian Studies, George Washington University (USA). Dr. Behera is also presently Vice-President, International Studies Association (ISA) and Honorary Director, the Institute for Research on India and International Studies. She is a former visiting scholar at the Brookings Institution. Dr. Behera is the author of Demystifying Kashmir [Behera 2006a], the editor of Gender, Conflict and Migration [Behera 2006b], International Relations in South Asia: Search for an Alternative Paradigm [Behera 2008] and India Engages the World [Behera, Vanaik 2013], and writes extensively on IR in South Asia. In her interview, Prof. Behera talks about studying International Relations (IR) in the Global South countries, especially in India, and compares level and quality of education and academic approaches to IR Studies in both the Global North and the Global South. Prof. Behera also analyzes the possibility of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) to become a unified structure for the Eurasian states.
Book Review: Efimova, L.M. & Sapronova, M.A. (Eds.). (2018). Islamic Social and Political Thought Facing the Challenges of Today. Moscow: MGIMO-University publ., 192 p. (In Russian)
Authors: Valiakhmetova Gulnara Nilovna
Published: July 2019

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Book Review: Shahi, D. (2018). Kautilya and Non-Western IR Theory. Palgrave Pivot, 167 p
Authors: Kanisetti Anirudh V.
Published: July 2019

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MYTHOLOGY AND THEOLOGY. Second Article
Authors: Naydysh V. M.
Published: July 2019

The concept of interpretation (as a procedure for determining the values of those abstractions that are used in the theorization of knowledge, in the process of developing an abstract model of the subject) is applicable to any forms of knowledge, including systems of religious knowledge, designing the ideal model of the subject of religious veneration. The author analyzes the epistemological features of theology as a form of spiritual culture, its formation in ancient culture. It is shown that the epistemological basis for overcoming mythological consciousness was the decentralization of thinking, i.e. development of the ability of consciousness in the construction of the image, the picture of the world to correct the position of the subject, to take into account the relativity of the reference system, from the standpoint of which the subject perceives the object and transforms it into an operational system of thinking. Decentration of thinking provided the overcoming of the subjective mental boundaries of the field, giving the thinking nature of universality. Historical stages and moments of this process - the transformation of mythology into forms of folk art, mythopoetic epic, in the form of religious consciousness. In line with such transformations of archaic consciousness, cultural and historical prerequisites of theology emergence were formed. They are represented in mythopoetic art (Homer, Hesiod, etc.), ancient mythography, early traditions of critical and rationalistic interpretation of the myth, etc. The article shows the formation of allegorical theology, which became possible in the era of individualization of artistic creativity, when the visible was the difference between the motive and the purpose of activity, creative idea and its embodiment, figuratively-poetic and rationally-conceptual ways of reflecting the world, when the image of reality and its personal meaning began to be realized as different States of consciousness. The main function of any theology is the interpretation of abstract models of the subject of religious veneration (the imaginary image of the supernatural).
A PEDAGOGIA HISTÓRICO-CRÍTICA NA FORMAÇÃO DE CONCEITOS CIENTÍFICOS
Authors: Sena Juliana Yporti , Dante Correia Rocha Zenaide De Fátima
Published: July 2019

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem na formação de conceitos científicos mediante a abordagem de doenças epidêmicas tendo em vista a prática social dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo. O grupo selecionado para a pesquisa constitui-se de cinco alunos do Ensino Fundamental II do sétimo ano de uma escola Particular. Os dados foram coletados durante as aulas regulares de ciências em 2015. Conclui-se que a abordagem mais próxima entre o conteúdo escolar e a realidade dos sujeitos da aprendizagem colabora para a apreensão e evolução de conceitos científicos, assim como a dinamicidade a qual as aulas devem transcorrer, com caráter dialógico, permitindo a exposição e confrontamento de idéias.
O CONTEXTO DE INFLUÊNCIA NA PERSPECTIVA DO PACTO NACIONAL PELA ALFABETIZAÇÃO NA IDADE CERTA – PNAIC: ALGUNS FATOS E VOZES INFLUENTES
Authors: PIRES ANDRÉA DE PAULA , Schneckenberg Marisa
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo buscou compreender as influências das políticas do nível macro (global, internacional e nacional), pós década de 1990, na implantação da formação continuada do Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa - PNAIC. Para tal compreensão, optou-se, como referencial teórico-metodológico, pela abordagem do ciclo de políticas do inglês Stephen Ball e seus colaboradores: Bowe, Ball e Gold (1992). Contempla-se, também, Mainardes (2006), detendo-se, neste texto, na análise do primeiro contexto, o contexto de influência. Este estudo permitiu inferir que a formação continuada do PNAIC, vem no bojo dos discursos de um forte processo de influência dos organismos internacionais e de diferentes orientações políticas do âmbito nacional, que, com o passar dos anos, vieram se concretizando por meio dos textos oficiais. Verifica-se assim, que a legislação educacional brasileira apresenta um alinhamento com as propostas internacionais.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Editorial Comissão
Published: July 2019

Apresentação da Revista Cadernos de Pesquisa em Educação -  Número 48 - ano 2018
¿JUGAR EN LA CIUDAD? LA PERCEPCIÓN DE NIÑAS Y NIÑOS DE LA CIUDAD DE MÉXICO SOBRE SU ENTORNO URBANO
Authors: Gülgönen Tuline , Corona Yolanda
Published: July 2019

En este artículo exponemos los resultados de diversas investigaciones que hemos realizado en la Ciudad de México para estudiar la relación que tienen los niños con el espacio público urbano, con un enfoque sobre los espacios de juego. Se reporta el trabajo con 137 niñas y niños de segundo y tercer año de primaria, así como de 68 niños de 6 a 12 años de edad que se encontraban jugando en los parques de varias delegaciones de la ciudad. Los resultados nos permitieron conocer lo que ellas y ellos consideran como entornos amigables u hostiles, así como las diversas problemáticas que enfrentan durante su presencia en el espacio público. Frente a la hostilidad de la ciudad, los espacios de juego aparecen como unas pequeñas islas donde los niños sienten que pueden estar. Sin embargo, la forma en la cual los perciben y los usan nos hace preguntar si estos espacios son realmente territorios de los niños.
PROCESSO DE INCLUSÃO DE ALUNOS COM DEFICIÊNCIA NA FIGURAÇÃO ESCOLAR: APROXIMAÇÕES ELISIANAS
Authors: Nozu Washington Cesar Shoiti , Sarat Magda , Carneiro Relma Urel Carbone , Martins Morgana de Fátima Agostini
Published: July 2019

Este artigo é resultado de pesquisas acerca da potencialidade do trabalho intelectual de Norbert Elias para a Educação, fomentadas no âmbito de um grupo de pesquisadores(as) que vêm trabalhando com as teorias desse autor há cerca de vinte anos, em diferentes instituições no Brasil e no exterior. Tais grupos de pesquisa contam com pesquisadores estrangeiros, especialmente ingleses e holandeses, que foram orientandos ou trabalharam com Norbert Elias. Assim, nossa reflexão neste artigo aborda a sociodinâmica das relações de poder no processo de inclusão escolar do aluno com deficiência, particularmente no que tange à constituição de tal sujeito, enquanto outsider da escola comum, e às figurações existentes que o estigmatizam e o inferiorizam. A nossa intenção foi problematizar, a partir da perspectiva elisiana, a figuração escolar no processo de inclusão dos alunos com deficiência, como um espaço que produz cultura escolar fundada em relações de poder entre os indivíduos que a compõem.
Efecto de la suplementación con ensilaje de estiércol porcino sobre los indicadores productivos en bovinos Hartón del Valle
Authors: Riascos - Vallejos Adrian R. , Apráez-Guerrero José E. , Vargas M Diana P. , Londoño-Arcila Aldemar
Published: July 2019

Se evaluó el efecto de la suplementación con ensilaje de estiércol porcino sobre indicadores productivos de novillas raza Hartón del Valle, Se utilizó un diseño Irrestrictamente al azar, se aplicó pruebas de normalidad distributiva, análisis de varianza y prueba de Tukey, los animales fueron asignados al azar a dos grupos experimentales. Los dos grupos consumieron como base forrajera, pasto King grass morado (Pennisetum purpureum CV King grass) y los ensilajes suministrados a las novillas contenían dos niveles de inclusión del estiércol 15% (T1) y 30% (T2). Se seleccionaron 12 hembras destetadas de la línea Zanjón Hondo, con peso promedio de 218 kg ± 6 kg, de 12 meses de edad, donde se determinaron por un periodo de 45 días, los indicadores productivos de consumo, cambio de peso y conversión alimenticia. Los dos niveles de suplementación con porquinaza no afectaron (P>0.05) el consumo voluntario de materia seca (CVMS) 6,58 (T1) y 7,06 (T2) kg/MS/animal/día. Sin embargo, si hubo diferencias (P< 0.05) en ganancia diaria de peso, las cuales fueron de 0,53 para T1 y 0,38 kg/día en T2. La conversión alimenticia se estimó en 11,66 en T1 y 18,89 en T2 (P<0.05). Se concluye que los indicadores productivos de novillas Hartón del Valle resultan satisfactorios al incorporar 15 % de estiércol de cerdo deshidratado en el ensilaje como el alimento suplementario en el periodo de levante.
Ácidos grasos poliinsaturados en la reproducción de peces: algunos aspectos fisiológicos y endocrinológicos
Authors: Yepes-Blandón Jonny A. , Botero-Aguirre Mónica
Published: July 2019

La FAO, 2012 y 2014 plantea la importancia de la reproducción en la piscicultura. El incremento de la producción mundial de peces se debe a la intensificación de los sistemas de cultivo, lo que significa producir grandes cantidades de alevinos para crecimiento y ceba (Orozco, 2012). En la última década, se ha investigado la influencia de la nutrición en la reproducción, muchos autores plantean que, nutrientes como los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (AGPI), afectan la reproducción (Tocher, 2010, Turchini et al., 2011). Varios estudios se han centrado en el establecimiento de los requerimientos nutricionales para el éxito reproductivo, sin embargo, sobre AGPI, es poco lo que se ha logrado determinar (Pohlenz et al., 2014). Lo anterior, ha obligado a realizar estudios con herramientas ómicas (Rodrígues et al., 2012), que integren la información ambiental y la genética en el cerebro de los peces para la transducción en señales neuronales a través de mecanismos bioquímicos y fisiológicos, capaces de modular la secreción hormonal implicada en el proceso reproductivo de los peces (Wing-Keong y Wang, 2011; Norambuena et al., 2012). Estos procesos bioquímicos en peces requieren ser dilucidados para mejorar los sistemas de cultivo, aumentar los niveles de producción, satisfacer la demanda y lograr avances impactantes en el campo del conocimiento científico.