bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
КОМБИНИРОВАННАЯ РОТОРНО-УСТЬЕВАЯ УРАВНОВЕШИВАЮЩАЯ СИСТЕМА СТАНКА-КАЧАЛКИ
Authors: Уразаков Камил Рахматуллович , Журавлев Денис Вячеславович , Алиметов Шамиль Агаметович
Published: October 2019

Актуальность. Одним из важнейших факторов, определяющих эффективность работы установки скважинного штангового насоса, является степень уравновешенности привода. При существующих технологиях уравновешивания узлы станков-качалок подвержены значительному усталостному износу, обусловленному высокими нагрузками на привод. Это приводит к преждевременным отказам и росту потребляемой электроэнергии. Вышесказанное обуславливает актуальность разработки и совершенствования методов уравновешивания станков-качалок. Объект: штанговая насосная установка с комбинированной роторно-устьевой уравновешивающей системой, включающей устьевой контргруз, приложенный через гибкую тягу непосредственно к устьевому штоку, который позволяет компенсировать часть постоянной нагрузки в точке подвеса штанг, обусловленной весом колонны штанг в жидкости. Цель: разработка методики расчета комбинированной роторно-устьевой системы уравновешивания, включающей определение веса устьевого контргруза и расчет роторных противовесов, расположенных на кривошипе; оптимизация энергоемкости устьевой уравновешивающей системы, базирующаяся на выполнении при расчетах критериев минимизации нагрузок на привод и затрачиваемой на подъем скважинной продукции энергии. Методы: применение принципов аналитической механики для составления уравнений динамики рассматриваемой системы, методов численного моделирования при исследовании формирования динамических нагрузок в подземной и наземной части штанговой насосной установки. Результаты. Разработана методика расчета комбинированной роторно-устьевой системы уравновешивания станка-качалки, позволяющая минимизировать нагрузку на привод станка-качалки, а также способствующая снижению энергозатрат на добычу нефти за счет обеспечения равномерной загрузки приводного двигателя за цикл качания. Путем расчета динамических нагрузок в узлах станка-качалки показана эффективность комбинированной роторно-устьевой системы уравновешивания.
Editorial
Authors: Diagama Briceño Camilo Andrés
Published: October 2019

En la actualidad, las revistas académicas universitarias no sólo están sujetas a las exigencias propiamente académicas de autenticidad, de rigor formal e investigativo y de respeto a los diversos puntos de vista, en el interés de aportar al desarrollo de un campo de saber específico, sino que también están sujetas, cada día más, a exigencias de carácter estrictamente publicitario, tales como la de ampliar siempre en lo posible el número de sus usuarios, la de posicionar su nombre en relación con otras revistas de la misma índole, y la de mejorar sus procedimientos de divulgación y de consulta. Estas exigencias publicitarias son los efectos, en el campo editorial, de un diagrama de mercado que se extiende al funcionamiento de todas las instituciones partícipes en la reproducción del mundo capitalista, a tal punto que cada una debe orientar el empleo de sus recursos ante todo al crecimiento de la demanda de sus servicios, considerando que esta última condiciona la disposición de esos recursos.
Cuestiones de Filosofía Núm. 24 versión completa
Authors: Diagama Briceño Camilo Andrés
Published: October 2019

Cuestiones de Filosofía Núm. 24 versión completa
Separata Dossier
Authors: Margen Visual Corporación Artística y Cultural
Published: October 2019

Separata Dossier
Séneca, pedagogo “Cuidado y acompañamiento en las cartas a Lucilio”
Authors: Zambrano Leal Armando
Published: October 2019

El estoicismo presenta tres grandes momentos: el antiguo, el medio y el imperial. En este último se encuentran las célebres obras de Séneca, Marco Aurelio y Epicteto. El eje del estoicismo es la sabiduría y la prudencia, camino hacia la virtud. Como filosofía del interior, de la moral, las cartas que le dirige Séneca a Lucilio nos permiten reflexionar la naturaleza del pedagogo. También, si así lo queremos, ellas son un dispositivo formativo del cuidado de sí e instrumento de comunicación de dicho cuidado. Esta línea sigue la idea clásica del pedagogo, idea que está más arraigada en el ejercicio del cuidado y acompañamiento que en la instrucción.  Nos proponemos, entonces, en este artículo de reflexión, responder a la pregunta fundamental, ¿Qué es ser pedagogo?
Advances in Phototriggered Synthesis of Single-Chain Polymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Verde-Sesto Ester , Blázquez-Martín Agustín , Pomposo José A.
Published: October 2019

Clean use of photons from light to activate chemical reactions offer many possibilities in different fields, from chemistry and biology to materials science and medicine. This review article describes the advances carried out in last decades toward the phototriggered synthesis of single-chain polymer nanoparticles (SCNPs) as soft nanomaterials with promising applications in enzyme-mimicking catalysis and nanomedicine, among other different uses. First, we summarize different strategies developed to synthesize SCNPs based on photoactivated intrachain homocoupling, phototriggered intrachain heterocoupling and photogenerated collapse induced by external cross-linker. Next, we comprehensively review the emergent topic of photoactivated multifolding applied to SCNP construction. Finally, we conclude by summarizing recent strategies towards phototriggered disassembly of SCNPs.
A-Kinase Anchoring Proteins Diminish TGF-β1 / Cigarette Smoke-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Zuo Haoxiao , Heijink Irene H. , van der Veen Christina H.J.T. , Hesse Laura , Faber Klaas Nico , Poppinga Wilfred J. , Maarsingh Harm , Nikolaev Viacheslav O. , Schmidt Martina
Published: October 2019

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a role in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) can inhibit transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) mediated EMT. Although compartmentalization via A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) is central to cAMP signaling, functional studies on their therapeutic value in the lung EMT process are lacking. Bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B, primary HAE cells) were exposed to TGF-β1. Epithelial (E-cadherin, ZO-1) and mesenchymal markers collagen Ӏ (mRNA, protein) were analyzed. St-Ht31 disrupted AKAP-PKA interactions. TGF-β1 release was measured by ELISA. TGF-β1-sensitive AKAPs Ezrin, AKAP95 and Yotiao were silenced using siRNA. Cell migration was analyzed by wound healing assay, xCELLigence, Incucyte. Prior to TGF-β1, dibutyryl-cAMP (dbcAMP), fenoterol, rolipram, cilostamide, forskolin were used to elevate intracellular cAMP. TGF-β1 induced morphological changes, decreased E-cadherin but increased collagen Ӏ and cell migration, a process reversed by PF-670462. TGF-β1 altered (mRNA, protein) expression of Ezrin, AKAP95 and Yotiao. St-Ht31 decreased E-cadherin (mRNA, protein), but counteracted TGF-β1-induced collagen Ӏ upregulation. Cigarette smoke (CS) increased TGF-β1 release, activated TGF signaling, augmented cell migration and reduced E-cadherin expression, a process blocked by TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody. Silencing of Ezrin, AKAP95 and Yotiao diminished TGF-β1-induced collagen Ӏ expression, as well as TGF-β1-induced cell migration. Fenoterol, rolipram, and cilostamide, in AKAP silenced cells pointed to distinct cAMP compartments. We conclude that Ezrin, AKAP95 and Yotiao promote TGF-β1-mediated EMT, linked to a TGF-β1 release by CS. AKAP members define the ability of fenoterol, rolipram and cilostamide to modulate the EMT process, and are potential relevant targets in the treatment of COPD.
A High Performance Computing Implementation of Iterative Random Forest for the Creation of Predictive Expression Networks
Authors: Cliff Ashley , Romero Jonathon , Kainer David , Jacobson Daniel
Published: October 2019

As time progresses and technology improves, biological data sets are continuously increasing in size. New methods and new implementations of existing methods are needed to keep pace with this increase. In this paper, we present a high performance computing(HPC)-capable implementation of Iterative Random Forest (iRF). This new implementation enables the explainable-AI eQTL analysis of SNP sets with over a million SNPs. Using this implementation we also present a new method, iRF Leave One Out Prediction (iRF-LOOP), for the creation of Predictive Expression Networks on the order of 40,000 genes or more. We compare the new implementation of iRF with the previous R version and analyze its time to completion on two of the world's fastest supercomputers Summit and Titan. We also show iRF-LOOP's ability to capture biologically significant results when creating Predictive Expression Networks. This new implementation of iRF will enable the analysis of biological data sets at scales that were previously not possible.
Kajian Potensi Inkompatibilitas dan Instabilitas: Studi Kasus Sediaan Racikan Mengandung Amitriptilin, Trifluoperazine Dihidroklorida dan Alprazolam
Authors: Kasanah Desi Amroni , Putri Dina Christin Ayuning , Yuliani Sri Hartati , Dwiastuti Rini
Published: October 2019

Meracik obat merupakan salah satu tugas tenaga kefarmasian. Peracikan obat merupakan salah satu risiko penyebab medication error. Resep racikan yang mengandung amitriptilin, trifluoperazin dihidroklorida dan alprazolam adalah jenis peresepan dengan tingkat risiko tinggi, sedangkan informasi tentang sediaan racikan kombinasi obat tersebut masih sangat terbatas. Studi ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi mengenai risiko peracikan, potensi instabilitas, dan potensi inkompatibilitas pada resep racikan sediaan kapsul yang mengandung amitriptilin, trifluoperazin dihidroklorida dan alprazolam di sebuah rumah sakit di Semarang. Analisis risiko resep dilakukan dengan memperhatikan aspek risiko teknis dan risiko klinis, sedangkan pengkajian terhadap potensi instabilitas dan inkompatibilitas dilakukan secara sistematis menggunakan beberapa literatur sengan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Hasil analisis risiko menunjukkan bahwa resep racikan mengandung amitriptilin, trifluoperazin dihidroklorida dan alprazolam memiliki risiko peracikan yang sangat tinggi. Berdasarkan penelusuran literatur sistematis, ditemukan adanya potensi ketidakstabilan dan inkompatibilitas yang mungkin terjadi yaitu penarikan lembab dan reaksi hidrolisis. Berbagai upaya teknis dapat dilakukan oleh tenaga kefarmasian untuk meningkatkan kualitas obat dan menjamin keamanannya yaitu menggunakan cangkang kapsul HPMC, menyimpan sediaan dalam wadah tertutup kedap, terhindar dari cahaya langsung pada suhu ruang dan menambahkan silika gel. Meskipun demikian, potensi instabilitas dan inkompatibilitas yang ditemukan dalam studi ini masih berdasar pada kajian pustaka, sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian eksperimental untuk mengetahui profil stabilitas dan kompatibilitas sediaan racikan tersebut.
Pengaruh Panjang Rantai Karbon Lipid Padat terhadap Karakteristik Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Resveratrol
Authors: Aisiyah Siti , Harjanti Reslely , Nopiyanti Vivin
Published: October 2019

Karakteristik kritis nano-structured lipid carrier (NLC) sangat dipengaruhi oleh komponen lipid padat dan lipid cair dalam sistem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh panjang rantai karbon dalam lipid padat terhadap karakteristik NLC. Resveratrol sebagai senyawa antioksidan digunakan sebagai model obat. Sebanyak 3 formula NLC dibuat dengan variasi tipe lemak padat yaitu asam stearat, asam palmitat, dan asam miristat. Lemak padat dengan loading 5%, lemak cair dengan loading 2%, dan Tween 80 dengan loading 4,2% sebagai surfaktan. NLC dibuat dengan metode emulsi diikuti dengan sonikasi untuk memperkecil ukuran partikel. NLC resveratrol dikarakterisasi dengan parameter ukuran partikel, zeta potensial, efisiensi penjerapan, kecepatan pelepasan obat (fluks), dan stabilitas aktivitas antioksidan. Ketiga NLC resveratrol yang diperoleh memiliki karakteristik ukuran partikel 150-280 nm, potensial zeta (-4 mV) – (-15mV), efisiensi penjerapan >80%, nilai fluks 0,02-0,12 mg.cm-2.menit-1, dan penurunan aktivitas antioksidan 5-8% selama penyimpanan 30 hari. Panjang rantai karbon mempengaruhi pembentukan partikel nano dari NLC dengan hubungan parabola dan panjang rantai karbon optimum akan menghasilkan partikel dengan ukuran minimum. Zeta potensial dari ketiga formula menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Panjang rantai karbon memberikan pengaruh terhadap efisiensi penjerapan secara bermakna (p<0,05). Formula NLC asam palmitat memiliki fluks paling tinggi. Aktivitas antioksidan ketiga formula tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0,05).
Predicting Low Birth Weight: A comparison of Anthropometric Measurements taken by Midwives and Community Health Workers in Uganda
Authors: Ayesiga Savino , Abaasa Catherine , Ayebare David , Wamuyu-Maina Gakenia
Published: October 2019

Background In many resource constrained countries Uganda inclusive, women continue to give birth from home/in the community where there are no weighing scales to measure and record birth weight. There is also lack of enough weighing scales and skilled health personnel at health facility level to ensure that birth weight for every child is timely determined. Birth weight is an indicator of the chances for survival, growth, long-term health and psychosocial development of neonates. Different anthropometric parameters are reliable surrogates of birth weight although they are highly contextual. This study assessed the best anthropometric surrogate of birth weight usable at facility and community levels in western Uganda. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted between July and September 2017, whereby anthropometric values of 553 neonates born at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital were measured by two midwives and later repeated by two community health workers to determine the reproducibility. Data regarding birth weight, height, foot length and circumference of head, mid upper arm, chest, thigh and calf were collected and recorded. Frequencies, percentages and mean and standard deviation were used to describe categorical and continuous demographics of neonates respectively. Pearson correlations, specificity, sensitivity, likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratios and area under the curve (AUC) were determined and used to establish the most reliable anthropometric parameter that best estimates birth weight of neonates. Results Chest Circumference was the most reliable parameter (AUC= 0.89, DOR= 33.57). There were statistical significant mean differences in all the anthropometric measurements made by midwives and CHWs except for chest circumference (Mean difference = 0.03 cm, 95% CI: -0.22-0.29, p = 0.7963) and foot length (Mean difference = 0.03 cm, 95% CI: -0.22-0.29, p = 0.7963). Conclusions Chest circumference taken within 24 hours after birth is the best nthropometricsurrogate measure of birthweight. Community Health workers can measure chest circumference with almost the same accuracy like midwives.
Identification of Schistosoma mansoni eggs and other soil transmitted intestinal parasites in stool using Odongo-Aginya method
Authors: Byagamy John Paul , Malinga Geoffrey Maxwell , Angwech Harriet , Echodu Richard , Odongo-Aginya Emmanuel Igwaro
Published: October 2019

Objective
World Health Organisation recommends Kato-Katz technique for quantitative diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni and other soil transmitted intestinal parasites in field research. However, for better visibility especially in hard stool specimens, the prepared slides in Kato-Katz technique are mostly examined after 1-2 hours. This longer clearing time over clear the eggs of parasites with thin cell walls in glycerine and morphology of the eggs are not often preserved in Kato-Katz method. These disadvantages are overcome using Odongo-Aginya method as illustrated by parasite eggs in the results.
Result
The Odongo-Aginya method uses compound stains of 7.5% nigrosin in 10% formalin and 0.5% eosin yellow in 10% formalin mixed 1:1 ratio. A drop of 50µl of the compound stain is added on 41.7mg of stool and stirred. This method illustrated the morphological appearance of S. mansoni and other soil transmitted intestinal parasites clearly when prepared and six weeks after preparation. The prepared slides maintained the morphological appearance including the eggs of hookworm after being kept in cool dry place for a long time. This method is reliable, reproducible, cost effective, easy to learn, quick and safe because of the base formalin, especially when handling specimens from Human Immunodeficiency virus infected patients.
Utilization and associated factors of modern contraceptives during postpartum period among women who gave birth in the last 12 months in injibara town Awi Zone, North-West Ethiopia 2019
Authors: Belete Getachew Andualem , Getu Almaz Aklilu , Gela Getahun Belay
Published: October 2019

Background: The postpartum period is an important entry point for family planning service providers to reduce unintended and too closely spaced pregnancy. A postpartum modern contraceptive service is one of the recommended public health interventions for reducing maternal and child morbidity and mortalities. However, In Ethiopia modern contraceptive use during the postpartum period is low; resulting in unintended pregnancies and unwanted childbearing . there for this study was done to assess utilization and associated factors of modern contraceptives during the postpartum period among women who gave birth in the last 12 months in Injibara Town Awi Zone, North-Western Ethiopia. Methods: A Community based cross-sectional study design was conducted from March 01 to 15/2019 on 400 women who gave birth in the last 12 months preceding the survey. A simple random sampling technique was used to recruit study subjects. Data was collected using interviewer-administered pretested and structured questionnaires. Data were entered using Epi data 3.5 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. The association between variables was analyzed using Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models and p-value < 0.05 at 95% Confidence interval was considered as statistically significant. Result: The prevalence of modern contraceptive utilization was 58.5% (95% CI: 53.5- 63%) among postpartum mothers. Secondary school and higher educational levels [AOR= 5.02; 95% CI (1.53-16.47)],[AOR= 4.25; 95% CI:(1.32-13.64) respectively)], previous history of abortion [AOR= 3.93; 95%, CI: (1.43-10.84)], having three and four antenatal care visit [AOR= 4.74; 95%, CI: (1.94-11.54)] [AOR= 5.9; 95%, CI: (2.42-14.39) respectively], family planning counselling during antenatal care [AOR=2.81; 95% ,CI: (1.63- 4.86)], having postnatal care [AOR =1.79, 95%, CI: (1.09-2.96)], menses returning after birth [AOR=2.84, 95% CI: (1.77- 4.57)] and resuming sexual activity [AOR= 2.86, 95% CI: (1.71-4.78)] were factors affecting contraceptive use in postpartum period. Conclusion : The prevalence of modern contraceptive use among postpartum women was found to be high in Injibara town. Therefore, strengthen family planning counseling during antenatal care and postnatal care to reduce the missed opportunity of postpartum women to get family planning methods, especially long-acting reversible contraceptives.
Danio rerio as a model for post-mortem interval estimation based on methylation levels
Authors: Pina Rita Sabino Abrantes de , Souto Luís , Moreira Helena
Published: October 2019

Objective The post-mortem interval (PMI) describes the period of time elapsed since death. A precise estimation of PMI has a strong impact in a crime investigation; however, it becomes a complex task due to the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. There are several methods for PMI determination including pathological, biochemical and entomological. Those methodologies have low precision and several practical limitations leading to the emergence of genetic-molecular methods based on degradation of nucleic acids. DNA methylation is a sufficiently stable and time-related epigenetic modification, making it useful for the development of a method to determine PMI. Thus, the methylation levels of a model organism – zebrafish – were analysed since the moment of death, in order to contribute to create a robust model for the PMI estimation.Results In this study, we evaluated the variation in global methylation levels and at the promoter region of EDARADD gene during 6 post-mortem intervals. An increase of global methylation levels in the initial post-mortem intervals was observed, followed by an abrupt decrease until 48h post-mortem. Followed by the amplification of EDARADD’s promoter region by q-PCR and HRM analysis, it was possible to differentiate samples according to relative PMI.
Fixation of Roux Limb and Duodenal Stump Effects the Prevention of Peterson’s Internal Hernia and Roux Stasis Syndrome After Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy
Authors: Wu Jian-zhong , Orita Hajime , Zhang Shun , Egawa Hiroyuki , Kohira Yoshinori , Yube Yukinori , Kaji Sanae , Kanda Satoshi , Oka Shinichi , Fukunaga Tetsu
Published: October 2019

Background Roux-en-Y (R-Y) reconstruction is a standard option for reconstruction after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG). Though this technique takes more time than Billroth I (B-I) reconstruction, leakage is rare, and it is useful for management of a small remnant stomach. Complications occur and include Petersen’s hernia and Roux stasis syndrome. Petersen’s hernia is a rare complication that results in significant morbidity and poor quality of life.Here we report a case series of a simple and effective method for preventing Petersen’s hernia and Roux stasis syndrome.Methods We performed ante-colic R-Y reconstruction after LDG. After R-Y reconstruction, we fixed the alimentary limb onto the duodenal stump in a proper radian. Via this small improvement in the Roux limb, the alimentary limb was placed to the right of the ligament of Treitz. This not only changed the anatomy of the Petersen’s defect, but it also kept a fluent direction of gastrointestinal anastomosis and avoided a cross-angle after jejunojejunostomy.Results From July 2015 to March 2017, we performed this technique in 31 consecutive patients. The operative time was (308.0 ± 84.6 minutes). Fixation of the alimentary limb onto the duodenal stump took about 10 minutes. Two (6.5%) patients experienced pneumonia and pancreatitis, respectively. No patient required reoperation or readmission. All patients were followed up for at least 2 years, and none of the patients developed postoperative complications related to internal hernia or Roux stasis syndrome.Conclusions This 10 minute technique is a very effective method to reduce the onset of Petersen’s hernia and Roux stasis syndrome in patients who undergo LDG.
Socioeconomic status of pregnancy outcomes in Chongqing, Southwest China
Authors: Zhang Ting , Zhou Wei , Tan Qiang , Tang Ping , Kuang Tao , Zhang Rui-Yuan , Chen Yu-Ting , Xia Yin-Yin , Han Ting-Li , Chang Chen , Qi Hong-Bo , Zhang Hua , Baker Philip N
Published: October 2019

Background: The relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and pregnancy outcomes has rarely been studied in Southwest China. Our aim was to investigate whether SES was associated with the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods: Between 2015 and 2017, we analyzed data from 1273 women in Chongqing, China, enrolled in the Complex Lipids in Mothers and Babies (CLIMB) trial in which mothers received complex lipid supplementation during pregnancy. Information on SES (maternal educational level, participant and partner’s income and maternal occupation) was collected during face-to-face interviews using standard questionnaires. Pregnancy outcomes considered were gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), premature rupture of membrane (PROM), cesarean section (C-section), preterm birth (PTB), macrosomia, low birth weight (LBW), large for gestational age (LGA), and small for gestational age (SGA). Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for pregnancy outcomes in relation to SES. Supplementation had no effect on pregnancy outcomes, so our analysis did not subdivide our participants on this basis. Results: Women who were managers or professionals were less likely to suffer from macrosomia and LGA. After adjustment for potential confounders, the ORs for macrosomia and LGA were 0.44 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.95) and 0.48 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.89), respectively. Other pregnancy outcomes were not affected by maternal occupation. Moreover, no significant relationships were observed between the other two SES indicators (participant and partner’s income and maternal education) and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that maternal occupation was a more reliable predictor of pregnancy outcomes than maternal education and participant and partner’s income.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials
Authors: Qin Jing , Song Li
Published: October 2019

Background The cardiovascular effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are still controversial in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular events of GLP-1 (albiglutide, exenatide, liraglutide and semaglutide) receptor agonists in T2DM patients.Methods PubMed and Embase were searched to find relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception to June 2019 that evaluated the effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists on cardiovascular events in patients with T2DM. The T2DM patients of all the eligible trials received either GLP-1 therapy or placebo, and the cardiovascular outcomes included death from cardiovascular causes, fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction and fatal or non-fatal stroke.Results We included 4 multinational double-blind randomized placebo-control trials that included a total of 36852 T2DM patients. The results indicated that GLP-1 receptor agonists reduced the risk of death from cardiovascular causes (RR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.78–0.96; P = 0.005), fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction (RR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.74–0.98; P = 0.03) and fatal or non-fatal stroke (RR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.75–0.95; P = 0.007) compared with the placebo controls.Conclusion We concluded that GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy had a protective cardiovascular effect compared with the placebo in the treatment of T2DM patients in trials with cardiovascular outcomes.
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 as a prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Luo Yunxiu , Xiao Shengjun , Li Ruirui , Jiang Xiaoshan
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND: GRK4 has been the least understood member of the GRKs and its role in cancer has been rarely investigated. We recently reported that GRK4 halts cell cycle progression and induces cellular senescence in HEK293 cells, which involoves in pathways of cellular development, proliferation, and cell death. The present study aimed at assessing the prognostic value of GRK4 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Expression of GRK4 was detected by immunohistochemistry in paired tumor and peritumoral tissues. In total, 126 patients with HCC from Western China were utilized as the training cohort to develop the nomogram. Eighty-nine cases from Eastern China were used to validate the model’s performance. RESULTS: GRK4 was expressed at lower levels in tumors than in peritumoral tissues in both training (p<0.001) and validation cohorts (p<0.001). Tumoral GRK4 intensity score, tumor type and T stage were independent prognostic factors and used to form a nomogram for predicting overall survival, which obtained a good concordance index of 0.82 and 0.77 in training and validation cohort, respectively. In the training cohort, the positive and negative prediction values with the nomogram were 83% and 75%, respectively, and in the validation cohort was 100% and 52%, respectively. Patients with nomogram scores greater than 32 and 78 were considered to have a high risk for OS. CONCLUSIONS: Low GRK4 expression in tumor tissues indicates poor clinical outcomes. The nomogram including tumoral GRK4 expression would improve the predictive accuracy of OS in HCC patients.
Effect of Irrigation Water pH on Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity and Electrokinetic Properties of Acidic, Neutral, and Alkaline Soils
Authors: Ali Aram , Biggs Andrew J.W. , Marchuk Alla , Bennett John McL.
Published: October 2019

The demand for the use of marginal‐quality water as an irrigation resource is increasing in arid and semiarid region lands due to the freshwater shortage. Marginal waters usually have high salinity and high alkalinity and may contain high proportions of ions such as sodium. This study investigated the impact of irrigation water pH on saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), cation exchange capacity, net particle charge, and dispersivity of soils. Nine soils with differing pH, alkalinity, clay content, and mineralogy were used in leaching column experiments, with solutions of varying sodium adsorption ratio (20 and 40), electrical conductivity (0.8, 1.5, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, and 50 dS m−1), and pH (6, 7, 8, and 9). The desired pH was achieved by adjusting the HCO3−/Cl− ratio and CO2 partial pressure using CO2 gas with 99.9% purity. Results showed that the increase of solution pH causes an increase in net negative charges on clay particles, resulting in higher exchangeable cations, negative ζ‐potential, and clay dispersion and movement of dislodged particles into pore spaces, resulting in Ks reduction. This effect was more evident for acidic and low‐clay‐content soils. The Ks reduction in relation to pH was less for smectitic and high clay content soil than for kaolinite dominant soils for all concentrations, suggesting resiliency of the smectitic soils under irrigation water with high pH. Results reinforce that it is essential to consider the original pH, clay content, and mineral of the soil and the pH, electrical conductivity, and sodium adsorption ratio of the irrigation water to accurately predict the Ks reduction of the soil.
A Dielectric Mixing Model Accounting for Soil Organic Matter
Authors: Park Chang‐Hwan , Montzka Carsten , Jagdhuber Thomas , Jonard François , De Lannoy Gabrielle , Hong Jinkyu , Jackson Thomas J. , Wulfmeyer Volker
Published: October 2019

Core Ideas

In the proposed model, the wilting point and porosity are a function of organic matter.

In organic‐rich soil, the model improves accuracy of the microwave radiative transfer model.

The model is applicable for both portable and satellite soil moisture sensors.

Most dielectric mixing models have been developed for mineral soils without extensive consideration of organic matter (OM). In addition, when used for in situ measurement, most of these models focus only on the real part of the effective dielectric constant without the corresponding imaginary part. Organic matter fractions in soils are found globally (57%), with an especially significant amount in the boreal region (17%). Without proper consideration of OM in dielectric mixing models and subsequent microwave radiative transfer modeling, brightness temperature (TB) calculations may be erroneous. This would lead to uncertainties in the estimation of higher level products, such as soil moisture retrievals from portable soil moisture sensors (e.g., time‐domain reflectometers) or passive microwave sensors onboard the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP), Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS), and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR2) satellites. We incorporated OM into a dielectric mixing model by adjusting the wilting point and porosity according to the OM content, i.e., the effective soil dielectric constant decreases with higher OM due to a decrease in the fraction of free water and an increase in bound water. With the proposed soil parameters in the dielectric mixing model, high levels of OM increase the TB for a specific soil moisture by decreasing the microwave effective dielectric constant. The simulated TB better reproduced SMAP‐observed TB (11% in RMSE) through the improvement of the effective dielectric constant (40% reduction in RMSE). We anticipate that the application of our approach can improve microwave‐based surface soil moisture retrievals in areas with high OM.
Dissolution of poorly soluble uranyl phosphate phases in the Metaautunite Subgroup under uranyl peroxide cage cluster forming conditions
Authors: Lobeck Haylie L. , Balboni Enrica , Parker Connor J. , Kohlgruber Tsuyoshi A. , Xu Mengyu , Boukdad Sara , Ridder Henry M. , Traustason Hrafn , Isner Jordan K. , Dzik Ewa A. , Burns Peter C.
Published: October 2019

Uranyl phosphate minerals are widespread in uranium deposits and normally exhibit very low solubility in aqueous systems. Uranyl phosphates of the autunite group and metaautunite subgroup impact the mobility of uranium in the environment and have inspired groundwater remediation strategies that emphasize their low solubility. The importance of soluble uranium-bearing macro-anions, including nanoscale uranyl peroxide cage clusters, is largely unexplored relative to solubilization of normally low-solubility uranium minerals. Eight synthetic analogs of metaautunite subgroup minerals have been prepared and placed in various alkaline aqueous solutions containing hydrogen peroxide and tetraethylammonium hydroxide. Each uranyl phosphate studied has a topologically identical anionic sheet of uranyl square bipyramids and phosphate tetrahedra combined with various cations (Li+, Na+, K +, Rb+, Cs+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+) and water in the interlayer. Uranyl peroxides formed under many of the experimental conditions examined, including solid studtite [(UO2)(O2)(H2O)2](H2O)2 and soluble uranyl peroxide cage clusters containing as many as 28 uranyl ions. Uranyl phosphate solids in contact with solutions in which uranyl peroxide cage clusters formed dissolved extensively or completely. The greatest dissolution of uranyl phosphates occurred in systems that contained cations with larger hydrated radii, Li+ and Na+. The details of the uranium speciation in solution depended on the pH and counter cations provided from the interlayers of the uranyl phosphate solids.
EVALUATION OF POLICIES ON THE FIT AND PROPER TEST FOR STRATEGIC OFFICIALS IN SUPPORTING EFFORTS TO PREVENT AND ERADICATE CORRUPTION
Authors: Haris Budi Saiful
Published: October 2019

Integrity of strategic officials is absolutely necessary to support the effective implementation of corruption prevention and eradication system in a government. To get officials with integrity, one of the efforts pursued is to apply the mechanism of fit and proper test. Based on a comparative study of various invitation laws, it was found a number of crucial issues relating to the policy of the fit and proper test of a number of strategic officials. These crucial issues include differences in the standard requirements of prospective officials, the presence / absence of a selection committee, the absence of detailed guidelines on information sources and measures to provide objective assessments of the value of integrity from a candidate, and provisions regarding dismissal of officials who are potentially counterproductive with corruption prevention and eradication efforts
DETECTING FINANCIAL STATEMENT FRAUD USING FRAUD DIAMOND (A Study on Banking Companies Listed On the Indonesia Stock Exchange Period 2012-2016)
Authors: Syahria Rizqa
Published: October 2019

Financial statement fraud is one type of fraud that causesmore adverse effect than other types of fraud. Based on this phenomenon, this study aims to detect financial statement fraud using fraud diamond. There are four factors that encourage a person to commit fraud; pressure, opportunity, rationalization and capability. The dependent variable used in this study was financial statement fraud and the independent variables used were financial stability, external pressure, financial target (pressure), external auditor quality (opportunity), change in auditor (rationalization), and change of directors (capability). This study employed quantitative research approach. The population wasthe entire banking companies listed on the Stock Exchange in the period of 2012-2016. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling method and acquired a sample of 19 banking companies. Data analysis was conducted using a logistic regression analysis with SPSS 16 software. The results showthat financial stability and change in auditors have an effect on financial statement fraud. However, external pressure, financial target (pressure), external auditor quality (opportunity), and change of directors (capability) have no effect on financial statement fraud.
ANALYSIS OF CORRUPTION IN REGIONAL GOVERNMENT IN 2016 RELATED TO THE REGIONAL GOVERNMENT BUDGET REALIZATION REPORT
Authors: Eriyana Milda Aulia
Published: October 2019

Corruption can be caused by many factors. One of the factors in accounting reporting system is financial statement fraud. Since 2015, Indonesia has used an accrual basis of accounting in Operational Report, Balance Sheet, and Statement of Changes in Equity. In addition, Indonesia also uses cash basis of accounting in the Budget Realization Report (LRA), Report on changes in Accumulated Budget Surplus (LPSAL), and Cash Flow Report. The aim of this paper is to determine the components of Budget Realization Report (LRA) that can be utilized as a gap to commit corruption in the regional government in 2016. Budget Realization Report is a financial report relating to the budget allocation from the State Budget (revision) or Regional Budget (revision and the realization of budget allocation. The data in this paper are taken from the KPK’s Performance Accountability Report 2016 based on the cases under investigation. The analytical methods use the related regulations, literature studies, and secondary data. The result of this studyshows that corruption in the regional government in 2016, related to the Budget Realization Report, occurred in the expenditure section butdid not occur in the revenue section. Corruption in the regional government was committed by Budget Users who got the highest budget in the region.
Increasing Community Awareness and Intention in Encouraging The Growth of Cash Waqf
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Nadya Prameswara Samofa , Saripudin Saripudin , Hadiyati Puji
Published: October 2019

This study aims to identify factors that determine the awareness, intention and decision of the Indonesian people to cash waqf. Data collection techniques using purposive sampling with PLS (Partial Least Squared) method as a data analysis tool in this study includes a path analysis model. The results obtained show that the social environment and understanding affect one's awareness and interest in cash waqf. The emergence of awareness and intention will encourage the person to carry out cash waqf. While the promotion of cash waqf does not affect awareness and intentions which in the end will not encourage someone to cash waqf.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menentukan kesadaran, minat dan keputusan masyarakat Indonesia untuk berwakaf uang. Teknik penggumpulan data menggunakan purposive sampling dengan metode PLS (Partial Least Squared) sebagai alat analisis data yang dalam penelitian ini memuat model analisis jalur. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa lingkungan sosial dan pemahaman mempengaruhi kesadaran dan minat seseorang akan wakaf uang. Munculnya kesadaran dan minat akan mendorong orang tersebut untuk melaksanakan wakaf uang. Sedangkan promosi tentang wakaf uang tidak mempengaruhi kesadaran dan minat yang pada akhirnya tidak akan mendorong seseorang untuk berwakaf uang.
Embedding Crowdfunding Structure in Islamic Venture Capital for SMEs Development
Authors: Athief Fauzul Hanif Noor
Published: October 2019

SMEs that play significant role in Indonesia economy still suffer from financial constraint. Even though government provides big support to open finance access for SMEs, there are still more than half are not supported by sufficient access of financing. This paper investigates the possible financing methods that can be used by SMEs by examining its positive and negative aspects along with the shariah view on it. Since there are limitations that have to be removed, we propose new scheme of financing suits best for Indonesia SMEs based on the venture capital design by embedding crowdfunding structure and the Islamic element in it. This paper also proposes new possible exit strategy for the scheme in order to benefit all parties involved.UKM memiliki peran penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia yang masih mengalami kendala keuangan. Meskipun pemerintah memberikan dukungan besar untuk membuka akses keuangan untuk UKM, masih ada lebih dari setengah yang tidak didukung oleh akses pembiayaan yang memadai. Kajian ini meneliti kemungkinan metode pembiayaan yang dapat digunakan oleh UKM dengan memeriksa aspek positif dan negatifnya disertai dengan pandangan syariah atas permasalahan ini. Karena ada keterbatasan yang harus dihilangkan pada model-model pembiayaan, maka kami mengusulkan skema baru pembiayaan yang terbaik untuk UKM Indonesia berdasarkan desain modal ventura dengan menanamkan struktur crowdfunding dan elemen Islami di dalamnya. Penelitian ini juga mengusulkan kemungkinan strategi keluar baru untuk skema tersebut agar bermanfaat bagi semua pihak yang terlibat.
The Patenting and Technological Trends in Candidiasis Treatment: A Systematic Review (2014-2018)
Authors: Alves Izabel Almeida , Savi Flávia Medeiros , de Vasconcelos C. Braz Juliana , Quintans Junior Lucindo José , Serafini Mairim Russo
Published: October 2019

Background:

In the last few decades, mycoses caused by opportunistic fungi namely Candida species has gained significant attention. Such infections are very common and present high mortality rates, especially in immunocompromised patients. Currently, a limited number of antifungal drugs are available for the treatment of these infections and are also often related to severe adverse side effects. Therefore, new drugs and innovative technologies for the treatment of this infection are necessary.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of new drugs, formulations, as well as patents for the treatment of infections caused by Candida spp.

Methods:

The present patent review was carried out through a specialized search database Espacenet. The patent selection was based on the following inclusion criteria: Recent patents published in English or Spanish containing candidiasis as the keyword in the title, abstract or full text. This survey was conducted in October and November 2018.

Results:

As a result of that, 22 patents were selected to the final selection, the most common routes of application were oral (n = 6), vaginal (n = 6), topical (n = 5) and others (n = 5). This fact is related to the clinical manifestations of candidiasis.

Conclusion:

Through this review, it was possible to identify significant improvements and advances in the area of antifungal therapeutic innovation research. In addition, we demonstrated the growing interest of academic and industrial groups in pharmaceutical development and novel formulations for the treatment of candidiasis. New therapeutic options can contribute to improve the quality of patient’s life, prevent infections and promote the search for an innovative and effective treatment of Candida infections.
Non-IgE Mediated Food Allergy
Authors: Cianferoni Antonella
Published: October 2019

:

Food allergies, defined as an immune response to food proteins, affect as many as 8% of young children and 2% of adults in western countries, and their prevalence appears to be rising like all allergic diseases. In addition to well-recognized urticaria and anaphylaxis triggered by IgE antibody– mediated immune responses, there is an increasing recognition of cell-mediated disorders, such as eosinophilic esophagitis and food protein–induced enterocolitis. Non-IgE-Mediated gastrointestinal food allergies are a heterogeneous group of food allergies in which there is an immune reaction against food but the primary pathogenesis is not a production of IgE and activation of mast cells and basophils.

:

Those diseases tend to affect mainly the gastrointestinal tract and can present as acute (FPIES) or chronic reaction, such as Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE), Food Protein-Induced Allergic Proctocolitis (FPIAP). The role of food allergy in Non-EoE gastrointestinal Eosinophilic disorders (Non- EoE EGID) is poorly understood.

:

In some diseases like EoE, T cell seems to play a major role in initiating the immunological reaction against food, however, in FPIES and FPIAP, the mechanism of sensitization is not clear.

:

Diagnosis requires food challenges and/or endoscopies in most of the patients, as there are no validated biomarkers that can be used for monitoring or diagnosis of Non-IgE mediated food allergies.

:

The treatment of Non-IgE food allergy is dependent on diet (FPIES, and EoE) and/or use of drugs (i.e. steroids, PPI) in EoE and Non-EoE EGID.

:

Non-IgE mediated food allergies are being being investigated.
Evaluation of the Status of Salivary Antioxidants in Dental Caries
Authors: Hendi Seyedeh Sareh , Goodarzi Mohammad Taghi , Moghimbeigi Abbas , Ahmadi-Motamayel Fatemeh
Published: October 2019

Background and Aim:

Dental caries is a communicable and the most prevalent infectious
disease worldwide. Salivary oxidative stress and antioxidants may play a pivotal role
in caries prevention, progression and pathogenesis. In this study, salivary superoxide dismutase,
peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and uric acid levels were evaluated in dental caries.

Material and Method:

One hundred male and female students in two groups (n=50) were subdivided
into caries-active and caries-free (25) groups. Whole saliva samples were collected in the
morning, and the salivary antioxidant levels were measured by a spectrophotometric assay. The
data were analyzed using SPSS.

Results:

The caries-active group had higher peroxidase, uric acid, catalase and glutathione peroxidase
levels, and lower superoxide dismutase level as compared to the caries-free group. The comparison
between males and females showed lower peroxidase, catalase and uric acid levels and
higher glutathione peroxidase levels in the female group.

Conclusion:

The caries-active group had altered salivary antioxidant levels. Therefore, it was
concluded that salivary antioxidants have significant effects on oral and dental health.
Recent Patents on Abnormal Hydrodynamic Thrust Slider Bearings: Part II-the Second Mode of the Bearings
Authors: Zhang Yongbin , Cheng Huansheng , Wang Junyan
Published: October 2019

Background:

As a successive part, the paper introduces the second mode of abnormal hydrodynamic
thrust slider bearings with divergent surface separations registered in the patents, where the
boundary slippage is artificially designed both on the stationary surface in the inlet zone and on the
whole moving surface.

Objective :

To introduce a second method for artificially designing the boundary slippage for the formation
of abnormal hydrodynamic thrust slider bearings.

Methods:

The analytical results are presented for the introduced bearings. The performances of the
bearings are demonstrated.

Result: :

In appropriate operating conditions, the introduced bearings can have considerable loadcarrying
capacities with low friction coefficients on the scales 10-3 or 10-4. With the weakening of the
boundary slippage on the moving surface, the load-carrying capacities of the bearings are all increased,
while the friction coefficients of the bearings are all reduced.

Conclusion:

When the boundary slippage is present both on the stationary surface in the bearing inlet
zone and on the whole moving surface, abnormal hydrodynamic thrust slider bearings can be designed
with the surface separation in the bearing inlet zone lower than that in the bearing outlet zone. The performances
of these bearings are quite satisfactory.