bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dissociação entre plano, projeto e intervenções urbanas
Authors: Medeiros Wesley Da Silva
Published: March 2020

Este artigo desenha um quadro teórico do que seja plano, projeto e intervenção urbana. Levar-se-á em conta o contexto de mudanças e permanências na realidade urbana brasileira a partir dos anos 2000, os quais negam a historicidade dos tipos de intervenção urbana (a partir dos princípios: revitalizar, requalificar e reabilitar) como sendo conceitos conduzidos por uma ação pública relativa aos financiamentos urbanos. Para tanto, propõe-se uma reflexão sobre a dificuldade semântica dessas terminologias no ensino, na pesquisa e em ações públicas. Por isso, o procedimento do artigo é dedutivo, executado por meio de premissas gerais e específicas, com as quais se formulam evidências que discutam a realidade urbana brasileira, a questão semântica do plano, projeto e intervenções urbanas. Além disso, questionar-se-á a questão semântica acerca do que são os projetos urbanos, e o problema conceitual por trás das interpretações da literatura e a lacuna de estudo, levando-se em conta o tema das mutações urbanas tendo em vistas políticas, planos e programas ao financiamento urbano. Desse modo, conclui-se que o plano é uma fração do planejamento urbano; o projeto urbano, uma consequência direta do urbanismo. Os dois juntos se constituem, portanto, como um pensamento teórico, materializado pelas Operações Urbanas, e que conduz financiamentos públicos e privados. A intervenção, por sua vez, parece ser apenas o resultado técnico do pensamento teórico anterior e, portanto, uma definição onde se encontra o desenho urbano que detalha e aplica princípios ergonométricos com base na eficácia do plano e do projeto urbano. Certo da polêmica por trás das preposições teóricas, hipóteses e questões de pesquisa, ressalta-se o esforço introdutório deste artigo e a atualidade dos sentidos de urbanismo para o ensino, a pesquisa e o poder público.Palavras-chaves: Operações Urbanas. Urbanismo. Planejamento Urbano. Intervenções urbanas.
Técnicas e Metodologias de Biomineralização na Cicatrização de Fissuras do Concreto
Authors: Mello Vinícius , Pacheco Fernanda , Tutikian Bernardo Fonseca
Published: March 2020

As estruturas de concreto tornaram-se usuais mundialmente, porém o material sofre fissuração, propiciando a entrada de agentes deletérios. Atualmente, alguns países já despendem de mais gastos na recuperação de estruturas existentes do que na construção de novas estruturas. Assim, na última década, pesquisadores têm avaliado técnicas para promover a autocicatrização do concreto. Sabe-se que o concreto possui uma pequena capacidade de cicatrização pela hidratação tardia de partículas de cimento anidro, porém limitando-se a pequenas fissuras e aumentando o consumo de cimento, o que gera desvantagens financeiras e ambientais. Na busca por técnicas mais promissoras, tem sido estudada a utilização de bactérias para a produção de biominerais, que cicatrizam as fissuras, reduzem a permeabilidade e absorção de água, e aumentam a resistência à compressão. Este estudo busca apresentar um estudo da arte dessa técnica, abordando as espécies utilizadas e a metodologia de inserção dos microrganismos na matriz do concreto. Dentre os gêneros taxonômicos estudados, há vantagens na utilização das bactérias do gênero Bacillus, por apresentarem fisiologia resistente à ambientes agressivos. Quanto à inserção das bactérias no concreto, são apresentadas vantagens e desvantagens em relação ao seu encapsulamento em agregados leves e à sua adição direta na água de amassamento do concreto. Foram identificadas lacunas a serem ainda estudadas, como a redução dos custos envolvidos na preparação do material, o aprimoramento de metodologias de dimensionamento, a simplificação dos processos construtivos, a verificação da durabilidade deste concreto, e o estudo da vida inativa nas bactérias dentro do concreto edurecido.
O corpo da cena no balé clássico: entre técnicas, expressividade e imitações prestigiosas
Authors: Anjos Kátia Silva Souza dos , Velardi Marília , Oliveira Régia Cristina
Published: March 2020

Considered as one of the possibilities of performing arts, the classical ballet can be understood as a way in which stories depend on characters who, without the use of words, enact stories which are typical of the traditional repertoire. This text aims to discuss issues related to the body of the scene, the scenic body of the artist in classical ballet. In order to do so, we conducted a qualitative investigation and used the observation of ballet shows and ten semistructured interviews with Brazilian professional dancers as investigation techniques. The testimonies of the classical professional dancers were the material that allowed the analyzes of the speeches. Based on the analyzes, we highlight the following results: the existence of a prestigious imitation among the dancers who were interviewed; the existence of an “extracotidiano 1” body in classical ballet; the existence of explicit and implicit techniques in ballet. The study is based upon a theoretical perspective that takes not only the body of classical ballet and its techniques, but the human body itself and its techniques as sociocultural reality, produced in culture, according to rules and values defined by this reality and the social field that builds them.
Cnota, charakter, dobroć. W nawiązaniu do powieści autobiograficznej Raimonda Gaity Mój ojciec Romulus
Authors: Głąb Anna
Published: March 2020

Przedmiotem tekstu jest rozróżnienie między dobrocią i cnotą oraz złem i występkiem, wprowadzone przez Hannah Arendt na podstawie lektury powieści Hermanna Melville’a Billy Budd. Rozróżnienie to analizuję, odnosząc się do historii życia Romulusa Gaity, bohatera powieści autobiograficznej Mój ojciec Romulus, której autorem jest australijski etyk Raimond Gaita. W paragrafie 1 zajmuję się ową dystynkcją, wskazując na przewartościowanie takich pojęć, jak cnota i występek w powieści Melville’a oraz jego rozumienie cnoty. Następnie (paragraf 2) staram się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, dlaczego Gaita pisze o swym ojcu, używając kategorii charakteru, a nie cnoty. Dalej (paragraf 3) podejmuję refleksję nad relacją między cnotą, charakterem, dobrocią a chorobą psychiczną Romulusa. Na koniec (paragraf 4) odpowiadam na pytanie, jaki jest metafizyczny fundament, na którym Gaita formułuje przekonanie o wyższości Dobra i dobroci nad cnotą oraz pokazuję, jakie konkrety składają się na przyjmowaną przez Romulusa etykę dobroci.
„Est Deus omnino simplex?” Prostota Boga w ujęciu św. Tomasza z Akwinu
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Bartłomiej
Published: March 2020

Doktryna Bożej prostoty przez wieki znajdowała się w sercu teologii chrześcijańskiej. W dojrzałej myśli św. Tomasza z Akwinu prostota zajmuje pośród Boskich atrybutów uprzywilejowane miejsce. Byt prosty — czy też całkowicie prosty — to taki, który nie posiada żadnych części czy składników. To, że Bóg jest całkowicie prosty, oznacza, że nie wykazuje On żadnego z siedmiu wyszczególnionych przez Tomasza (i jego zdaniem jedynych możliwych) złożeń. Argumenty, jakimi św. Tomasz uzasadnia tezę o Bożej prostocie, podzielić można na cztery typy, które nazwałem: argumentem z braku możności, argumentem z uprzedniości części wobec całości, argumentem z uprzedniego twórcy oraz argumentem z doskonałości. Wszystkie one za punkt wyjścia przyjmują utożsamienie Boga z pierwszą przyczyną wszystkich rzeczy. Dodają do tego charakterystyczne dla siebie przesłanki. Pierwszy — że pierwsza przyczyna nie posiada możności, a każdy byt złożony musi ją posiadać. Drugi — że wszystko, co złożone jest zależne od swoich części, a pierwsza przyczyna nie jest od niczego zależna. Trzeci — że wszystko, co złożone wymaga czynnika sprawczego lub wyjaśnienia, a pierwsza przyczyna go nie posiada. Czwarty — że pierwsza przyczyna jest bytem doskonale dobrym, a byt taki nie może być złożony. W świetle przeprowadzonych analiz pierwsze dwa rozumowania wydają się niezadowalające. Trzeci zaś dowód stanowi dobre uzasadnienie dla rozważanej tezy, a czwarty może służyć za dodatkowe, choć słabsze, jej uzasadnienie.
Między doświadczeniem a teorią, czyli o niektórych problemach filozofii mistyki
Authors: Bańka Aleksander R.
Published: March 2020

Mistyka to dziś nie tylko popularny termin, którym określa się zjawiska często dziwne i niezrozumiałe, oscylujące między psychologią a duchowością. Mistyka to również problem badawczy, którym od dawna zajmują się specjaliści z rozmaitych dyscyplin naukowych. Swój wkład w badania nad mistyką wnosi także filozofia, co więcej — można również postawić tezę, że posiada ona do tego szczególne kompetencje. Nie ulega wątpliwości, że mistyczna intuicja towarzyszy filozofom niemal od zawsze, a sama filozofia od samego początku rozwijała się także, tu i ówdzie, jako filozofia mistyczna. Aktualnie uwaga filozofów zajmujących się mistyką koncentruje się głównie na problemach wyznaczonych przez filozofię mistyki — tu toczą się najważniejsze dyskusje i ogniskują spory, zwłaszcza tak zwany spór między esencjalizmem a kontekstualizmem. Autor artykułu stawia tezę, że umiarkowany kontekstualizm, jako stanowisko optujące za istnieniem kilku niesprowadzalnych do siebie typów doświadczeń określanych dziś jako mistyczne, lepiej wyjaśnia złożony fenomen mistycyzmu niż redukcyjne nastawienie esencjalistyczne. Nie znaczy to jednak, że daje wyjaśnienie wyczerpujące. Chociaż omawiany w artykule spór nie wydaje się możliwy do jednoznacznego rozstrzygnięcia, filozoficzna analiza głównych, konstytuujących go wątków pozwala lepiej zrozumieć naturę kluczowych, rządzących szeroko rozumiana mistyką procesów. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zatem rozpoznanie sposobu, w jaki filozofia wkracza na teren mistyki, wkładu, jaki wnosi w analizę doświadczenia mistycznego, a także kilku głównych problemów metodologicznych, na które napotyka.
Comparación de la ecotoxicidad por metales pesados sobre bacterias heterótrofas de dos sitios contrastados del Lago de Maracaibo (Venezuela)
Authors: Castro Echavez Fernando Luis , Marín Leal Julio César
Published: March 2020

La contaminación del sistema estuarino Lago de Maracaibo representa un problema ambiental de vieja data, que lo ha convertido en un ambiente hipereutrófico afectado por distintas fuentes contaminantes, lo cual ejerce una fuerte presión de selección sobre los organismos que allí habitan. En el presente trabajo se comparó la ecotoxicidad por metales pesados (Cr+3, Cr+6, Cd+2, Ni+2 y Pb+2) sobre bacterias heterótrofas de dos sitios contrastados del Lago de Maracaibo (Venezuela): 1) Vereda del Lago y 2) Puerto Concha, mediante la estimación de la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) y la concentración de inhibición para el 50% de la población de ensayo (Cl50). Para ello, se usó el método de difusión en discos de papel, midiendo el halo de inhibición del crecimiento después de 24 h. Las estimaciones de Cl50 se realizaron por análisis Probit. Las cepas bacterianas aisladas de aguas superficiales mostraron alta resistencia a los metales pesados ensayados, con valores de CMI y Cl50 elevados (hasta >5.000 mg/L), como posible resultado de las condiciones imperantes en el ecosistema. De manera general el Cr+6 fue el metal más tóxico, con mayor efecto de Cr+3 y Pb+2 en el Sitio 1 (p<0,05). El efecto de los metales sobre el crecimiento bacteriano fue: Cr+6 > Cd+2 > Ni+2 > Cr+3 > Pb+2. Debido a los altos niveles de resistencia y posible sobrestimación de la tolerancia en los ensayos, las bacterias no fungen como un grupo microbiano potencial para ser usadas como bioindicadores en programas de monitoreo ambiental para este ecosistema.
Evaluación de ácidos orgánicos en refrescos de fruta comerciales por cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia
Authors: Correa Navarro Yaned Milena , Rivera Giraldo Juan David
Published: March 2020

Los ácidos orgánicos son una de las moléculas constitutivas de los jugos y juegan un papel importante en la determinación de la autenticidad de estos. Este trabajo presenta un método de separación por cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia (CLAE) de 6 ácidos orgánicos: ascórbico, cítrico, málico, fórmico, succínico y tartárico. El análisis se llevó a cabo empleando una fase estacionaria reversa (C18), una fase móvil constituida por ácido sulfúrico 1,0 mM a un flujo de 1,0 mL min-1 en un tiempo total de corrida de 10,0 minutos y detección por ultravioleta (UV) a 210 nm. Bajo las condiciones anteriormente descritas se evaluaron diez muestras comerciales de bebidas de frutas, encontrándose como únicos ácidos el cítrico y el ascórbico, con intervalos de concentraciones de 375,3 – 5073,7 mg L-1 y 28,4 – 749,0 mg L-1, respectivamente. La metodología empleada fue simple y apropiada para la separación y la cuantificación rápida, precisa (RSD inferiores al 5%), sensible y simultánea de los ácidos mayoritarios en las bebidas de jugos evaluados. Las curvas de calibración para los ácido cítrico y ascórbico presentaron excelente linealidad y un alto coeficiente de determinación (r2>0,99) en los intervalos de concentración empleados.
Aprovechamiento de residuos agroindustriales en el mejoramiento de la calidad del ambiente
Authors: Vargas Corredor Yury Alexandra , Peréz Pérez Liliana Ibeth
Published: March 2020

La generación de subproductos o residuos agroindustriales en las diferentes etapas de los procesos productivos, es actualmente una problemática a nivel mundial, debido a que en la mayoría de los casos no son procesados o dispuestos adecuadamente, situación que contribuye al proceso de contaminación ambiental. Los residuos agroindustriales poseen un alto potencial para ser aprovechados en diferentes procesos que incluyen elaboración de nuevos productos, aportar valor agregado a los productos originales y recuperar condiciones ambientales alteradas. Éste artículo presenta una revisión bibliográfica de las diferentes alternativas de aprovechamiento de los residuos agroindustriales en el mejoramiento de la calidad del ambiente. La  búsqueda incluyó publicaciones acerca del uso de residuos de origen agroindustrial en la prevención e intervención de posibles impactos negativos. Como resultado de la revisión se identificaron 5 categorías de empleo de los residuos agroindustriales, la primera hace referencia a la obtención de bioenergéticos (bioetanol, biodiesel, biogás, biomasa energética), la segunda en el proceso de compostaje, como tercera se encuentra su aprovechamiento en la producción de alimentos para animales, cuarta en la elaboración de otros productos de interés (ladrillos, composites, estibas, entre otros) y finalmente su uso en la recuperación de medios abióticos contaminados (remoción de colorantes, metales pesados e hidrocarburos). El aprovechamiento de estos residuos, se ha convertido en un tema de gran interés por los diversos beneficios ambientales y económicos obtenidos, que promueve un desarrollo sostenible.
Los odonatos del bosque seco tropical de Colombia: una revisión
Authors: Cuellar Cardozo Jose Alejandro , Jaramillo Sierra María Alejandra , Castro Rebolledo María Isabel
Published: March 2020

Los odonatos son insectos carnívoros que tiene un ciclo de vida estrechamente asociado a fuentes de agua. Estos organismos, por ser consumidores secundarios pueden ser utilizados para medir el balance energético y el estado de perturbación de los ecosistemas amenazados como el bosque seco tropical. En Colombia, estos ambientes se restringen al Caribe y los valles interandinos, en remanentes que representan el 8% de su cobertura original. En esta revisión bibliográfica, se resalta la relación entre odonatos y estos ambientes, proporcionando bases para posteriores estudios ecológicos. Se compiló el listado de especies de odonatos, junto con su estado de conservación, que presentan algún grado de relación con el bosque seco colombiano, por medio de la búsqueda en bases de datos y bibliografía científica. Concluyendo que, de algún modo, 224 especies correspondientes al 64% del total de odonatos reportados para el país está relacionado con estas áreas. De los cuales ocho especies presentan algún grado de amenaza y 148 no ha sido correctamente evaluadas, por lo que existen vacíos en los conocimientos de ecología de muchas especies. Debido a la gran diversidad de libélulas en estos ambientes y a la presencia de especies con cierto grado de amenaza, debemos considerar a los remanentes de bosque seco como sitios cruciales para la conservación y estudio de los odonatos en Colombia.
Creative Process in Hollywood: The Role of Imaginary in the Creation of Mainstream Movies
Authors: Anaz Silvio
Published: March 2020

The creative process in Hollywood’s movie industry is the result of a complex combination of symbolic elements arising from imaginations of screenwriters, directors, executives, marketing experts and producers. This article analyzes the anatomy of the creative process inserted in the logic of production of major studios. The earliest scripts of three movies—Back to the Future, Blade Runner and Star Wars: A New Hope—and their theatrical movie versions are compared to find some patterns in the formation of the imaginary during the creative process in mainstream productions. The theoretical approach is mainly based on Gilbert Durand’s theories about the imaginary.
The Enigma of a Great Musician: Creativity and Bipolar Disorder?
Authors: Giannouli Vaitsa
Published: March 2020

The intersection between bipolarity and creativity has been investigated in famous artists in painting, writing, music and other forms of art. One of the major achievements of Nikos Skalkottas is his imaginative approach to the twelve-note composition, which added another dimension to the early stages of the twelve-note method by making it as accessible as possible to the listener through the frequent harmonic and thematic repetition. Much has been written about Skalkottas’ atonal musical idiom, but less emphasis has been given on his psychopathol- ogy. In addition to a descriptive analysis of such data, a formal diagnosis exercise is attempted, and more specifically avoidant personality disorder and bipolar patterns of behavior are exam- ined through a review and discussion of biographies and personal correspondence. Significant evidence exists to support the existence of avoidant personality disorder and bipolar disorder II. The proposed origin of the overall bipolar pattern is attributed to several stressful environmen- tal factors in the form of interpersonal problems regarding the expressed emotion, life events, and paucity of stress-management skills. Skalkottas’ psychopathology was pivotal in shaping the quantity and quality of his music compositions, but the existence of unpublished and/or destroyed autobiographical evidence (letters, compositions) can’t be excluded. Undiscovered evidence may further assist in order to come closer to a posthumous diagnosis. The insight gained from this case study can be used to support that bipolar psychopathological patterns influence directly music composing activity.
A Writer’s Creativity Across the Life Span: Paulo Coelho in Psychobiographical Perspective
Authors: Mayer Claude-Hélène , Maree David
Published: March 2020

This study on the world-known writer Paulo Coelho uses a psychobiographical single case study approach to explore creativity across his life span. Coelho is one of the best known in- ternational contemporary writers. Throughout his life he has shown a huge amount of artistic creativity. Creativity, in this study, is viewed as a form of mental activity which needs the sys- temic interaction of the individual thinking and the socio-cultural context. It therefore takes the person, process, product and environment into account to manage the areas of investiga- tion. Methodologically, this single psychobiographical case study is based on Dilthey’s modern hermeneutics. First- and third-person data were collected and analysed through content anal- ysis. Findings show the development of creativity in terms of mini-c, little-c, Pro-c and Big-C creativity throughout Paulo Coelho’s life span. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations for theory and practice are given.
A Comparative DFT Study for Ruthenium
Authors: BİNBAY Nil Ertekin
Published: March 2020

Here, a comparative DFT study of a transition metal
complex, (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) (diisopropylmethylphosphine) (chloro)
(trichlorosilyl) rutheniumhydride, is reported. The molecule contains a Ruthenium
(Ru) atom, which is hard to be handled computationally, just like other
transition metals. Every calculation had started from the same point in state
space (exact same atomic configurations of the molecule), and used the same
computational resources (same software and hardware with same parameters), but
five different basis sets; those are, Sapporo Non Relativistic SPK DZP, SBKJ,
3-21G, STO3G and STO6G. Molecule have been optimised for five times with these
basis sets. Results have been compared to X-RAY data of the molecule to reveal
the performances of these five approximation methods about handling a molecule
that contains a transition metal like Ruthenium. It has been found that,
unexpectedly, a computationally cheaper method has won the competition and has
shown best performance among the others.
Poly(o-aminobenzyl alcohol) Films with and without Organic Compound on AISI 316 Surface; Synthesis and the Corrosion Performances
Authors: OZYİLMAZ Ali Tuncay , OZGEN Begüm , CELİK Cumali
Published: March 2020

In this work, it was studied to obtain the anticorrosive properties of
polymer films (SS/PABA and SS/PABA-ORG) synthesized on stainless steel surface
by adding an organic substance to aniline derived o-aminobenzyl
alcohol monomer synthesis medium. Firstly, polymer
coating bath was prepared by dissolving 0.15 M o -aminobenzyl
alcohol monomer in electrolyte solvent containing acetonitrile and
0.15 M LiClO4. From this bath,
poly (o-aminobenzyl alcohol) (PABA) film was synthesized in 30 segments
by a cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique at a scanning rate of 50 mV/s at a
potential range of -0.20/1.80 V on the AISI 316 (SS) working electrode in
contrast to the platinum electrode. For the
synthesis of organic structure doped polymer film (PABA-ORG), the same
synthesis process was repeated by dissolving C21H27NO2(k) (ORG)
at low concentration in the same bath. Corrosion performances of bare SS, SS/PABA and SS/PABA-ORG substrates
were investigated using open circuit potential – time, anodic polarization and
AC impedance techniques in corrosive solution. As a result of the study, it was
observed that the organic additive added to the synthesis medium caused changes
in the synthesis behavior of PABA. Corrosion performance tests showed that PABA
and PABA-ORG films increased the corrosion protection performance of SS
electrode and it was observed to reduce the corrosion rate of SS electrode.
Bioremediation Potential of Immobilized corynebacterium kutsceri in the Treatment of Tannery Industrial Effluent from Challawa Industrial Estate, Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: BABA Abdullateef , GARBA Shuaibu Tela , BELLO Hauwa Suleman
Published: March 2020

In the present study, bioremediation potentials of indigenous bacteria (Corynebacterium Kutsceri) in the treatment of tannery effluent was
investigated.  Industrial tannery effluent samples from Mamuda Tannery
Industries in Challawa
Industrial estate, Kano State, Nigeria were collected
for a period of six months (August 2017
to January 2018) for the experiment. Bacteria were
isolated from the effluents using Serial Dilution, immobilized on agar-agar and biochemical tests were carried
out to identify the bacteria. Different masses (5g, 10g, 15g, 20g, and 25g) of the identified bacteria were used
in the treatment of 250 ml of
the effluents. Temperature, pH, BOD,
COD, SS, TDS, Sulphate (SO42-), Phosphate (PO43-), Nitrate (NO3-), Chloride (Cl-)
and some heavy metals (Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn,
Cd, and Cu) were determined before and
after treatment of the effluents with the bacteria. The pre-treatment analysis
showed that the values, 29.50±4.68, and 5.35±1.57 were observed for
temperature (OC) and the pH respectively. The levels (mg/l), 26.17±9.49; 3106±2753; 562±482; 444±507; 97.20±146.80; 268.34±411.01; 8.82±34.71 and 22.59±19.64were
observed for BOD, COD, SS, TDS, Nitrate, sulphates, Phosphate, Chlorides respectively. The concentration
(mg/l) of the heavy metals, before treatment (with the bacteria) were as; Cr (7.528±4.530); Fe (1.263±0.502); Ni
(0.023 ±
0.021); Mn (0.277
± 0.03); Pb (0.304 ±
0.20); Zn (0.058± 0.05); Cd (0.068±0.02) and Cu (0.012 ±0.02).
The bacteria were identified to be Corynebacterium Kutsceri. The post-treatment
analysis showed that the mean levels
(mg/l) of BOD ranged from (0.58b±0.45−0.81±0.67); COD (1376±248−2681±867);SS(78±89−273±375);TDS(25b±15−27±16);NO3−(14.43±8.88−26.52±13.06);SO42−(5.95±8.91−18.12±19.26);PO43−(1.76±2.64−2.10±3.00);Cl−(5.54±4.66−12.90±18.39);Cr(3.048±2.70−5.416±4.07);Fe(0.310±0.20−0.732±0.11);Ni(0.077±0.06−0.172±0.05);Mn(0.003±0.01−0.015±0.01);Pb(0.082±0.11−0.158 0.20);
Zn (0.028±0.03-0.048±0.04);
Cd (0.050±0.02−0.063±0.02)
and Cu (ND −0.007±0.00).
The post-treatment analysis using the different masses of
the Corynebacterium Kutsceri indicates that there is a great
decrease in the levels of the physicochemical parameters and the heavy metals
as well when compared with the levels observed at the pre-treatment analysis.
The decrease could be attributed to, not only due
to the increase in the exact mass of the bacteria but also to the
multiplicity in the mass of the Corynebacterium Kutsceri
which subsequently increases the surface area for the remediation. The average
high percentage reduction (70% to 100%) of these parameters and heavy metals
implies that the Corynebacterium Kutsceri has a higher potential for
the treatment of effluents from the
textile industries.
Scientists' ideas about what professions are the most suitable for their children and grandchildren
Authors: Varshavsky Alexander E. , Vinokurova Natalia A. , Kochetkova Ekaterina V.
Published: March 2020

The article presents results of the survey of science and education employees. The main questions of the study were about what field of work the experts would advise their children and grandchildren to choose, and which of these fields would be most relevant (promising) for the younger generation in 5, 10, 15 and 20 years, and, in case of choosing science or engineering, which of the new specialties they would advise them and which research area would be relevant also in 5, 10, 15 and 20 years. The results of the survey showed that respondents prefer that their children and grandchildren would choose to work in the fields of science, healthcare, education, culture and art, although quite a large part of the answers indicate that they would also prefer their children to choose engineering. At the same time, financial activity took one of the last places, ahead only of trade and agriculture. The experts' answers were examined in different aspects — gender, territorial, etc. The chosen priorities reflect the respondents' hopes for triumph of justice and establishment of public understanding of the role of science, as they substantiate their answers by claiming that doing scientific research means the opportunity to benefit their country, as well as chosing culture, art, education, and armed forces as the fields of the future activity. The article points to a fairly high level of discrepancy between the preferences of those working in science, education and culture, on the one hand, and the opinions of the population as a whole, on the other.
Mentoring in healthcare: trend or necessity?
Authors: Burdastova Yulia V.
Published: March 2020

The article attempts to assess the necessity for a mentoring system in medical institutions in Moscow. It presents the results of a sociological study, conducted in 2019, which include the analysis of expert interviews (among the experts were heads of the medical institutions subordinate to Moscow Department of Health, institutions of secondary vocational education, additional vocational training, and relating higher educational institutions). Starting with consideration of the issues concerning the attitude of experts to the topic of mentoring, the author identified the need to introduce mentoring in medical institutions, as well as the conditions for organization of effective functioning of the mentoring system, such as choosing a mentor, encouraging him, the timing of mentoring, etc.

The author emphasizes that the institution of mentoring is necessary both to help new employees adapt and to help young professionals gain practical skills. According to experts, there is a gap between basic theoretical training and practical experience of young employees, which can be filled with the help of a mentoring system in medical organizations. Analyzing the expert interviews, the author comes to the conclusion that due to the lack of a legal basis for the mentoring system inRussia, it should be said that mentoring is proactive.
This article also provides a review of international experience, recommendations of international organizations concerning the personnel crisis in medicine, and the main problems of the world health systems hampering achievement of the millennium goals and economic growth. Among the main barriers highlighted by WHO are the following: lack of medical personnel, uneven geographical distribution of medical workers, lack of access to medical services among the population, poor quality of medical care, etc.
Socially acceptable consumer budget in the Arctic regions of Russia
Authors: Zlenko Elena G.
Published: March 2020

The need for accelerated social and economic development of the Arctic as a priority geostrategic territory of the Russian Federation requires a special approach to the issues of incomes of the population of the Arctic regions, and, above all, to the social criterion. Foreign experience in formation of minimum consumer budgets, domestic developments in this area and methodological principles of its formation used for a living wage have determined the priorities in choosing a social criterion. The key role in addressing this issue is played by the system of low-income consumer budgets (the subsistence minimum (SM) and the socially acceptable (recovery) consumer budget, which exceeds the subsistence minimum by about 3 times) within the framework of the general classification of the system of normative consumer budgets developed by the scientific school of the All-Russian Center for Living Standards. The methodological basis for formation of a socially acceptable consumer budget is determined by the provisions based on the recovery level of population consumption in conjunction with low incomes and taking into account the satisfaction of material, spiritual and social needs, a variety of consumer properties and benefits, as well as the impact on the consumption characteristics of the natural, climatic, economic, social and other special factors of the Arctic. Important for the social criterion qualities — validity and transparency — are ensured through application of the normative method of forming a socially acceptable consumer basket, which includes sets of food products, non-food goods and services. The normative socially acceptable consumer budget is differentiated by the specific of consumption of different categories of the population that is reflected in the structure and volume of consumption. The size of the socially acceptable consumer budget is determined by the cost of the consumer basket, as well as expenses on savings and mandatory payments and fees. Regional differences in the factors influencing the formation of a socially acceptable consumer budget cause territorial diversity in the level of the indicator in the Arctic zone.
Russian population reproduction: challenges, trends, factors and possible results by 2024
Authors: Rybakovsky Oleg L.
Published: March 2020

The article assesses the probability of fulfilling the tasks set by the President of the Russian Federation in the May 2018 Decree in the field of population reproduction. Each of the tasks outlines the current situation, current trends and the most likely results. Factors that contribute to or counteract solutions to the designated problems are identified. In particular, increase or even preservation of the number of births will be hindered by constant reduction since 2015 in the number of women of active reproductive age (25-39 years), who account for 4/5 of all births [1]. Their number will reduce from 17.9 million in 2015 to 15.0 million in 2024, and up to 12.0 million in 2030 [1]. Reduction in deaths from circulatory diseases and neoplasm will be prevented by: the tendency of population ageing; persistence and impossibility of rapid eradicating bad habits, such as smoking, regular excessive drinking; poor quality of food and alcohol, etc. In addition, in the future, with increase in the life expectancy (LE) in Russia, those, who have been cured of diseases related to other major causes of death, eventually will start dying from circulatory diseases or oncology. It is these diseases that are the leading causes of death in countries with high LE. There are made the following conclusions: it will be actually impossible to achieve the goal of “increasing the population of the country” (set in the Decree) only by reproductive means in the near future in Russia. To solve Russia's general demographic problems (ensuring a positive overall population growth; optimizing the placement of the population on its territory not only in the economic, but also in the geopolitical interests of the state; redemption of the structural demographic wave volatility; etc.), it is necessary to follow coordinated reproduction and migration routes.
Demographic situation in Russia and social infrastructure
Authors: Makar Svetlana V. , Simagin Yury A. , Yarasheva Aziza V.
Published: March 2020

The article considers the main indicators of demographic development of the Russian Federation in recent years in connection with the level of development of social infrastructure. It is shown that the demographic situation in the country is deteriorating, that is due to both subjective and objective reasons. Among the objective reasons, the main one is the change in the age structure of the population, which is expressed in a sharp decrease in the number of women in fertile age. This is due to the acute demographic crisis of the 1990s, «demographic waves» generated by the Great Patriotic War, and other factors. Among the subjective causes of the decline in birth rate, the article highlights the general patterns of reduction in the number of children in families as the level of socio-economic development increases, which are characteristic of all countries of European culture. In particular, the reduction in the number of children is facilitated by such factors as reduction in the share of officially registered families, increase in child support costs, and the financial difficultiesfaced by families with children during economic crises and stagnation. All these cases are typical for regions of the Russian Federation in recent years. Development of social infrastructure — education, healthcare, culture, sports, and other similar systems — could improve the demographic situation in Russia. Unfortunately, in recent years, such systems have been degrading rather than developing in Russia. This is facilitated by the system of statistical reporting that does not reflect the actual situation. The article proposes approaches that could overcome this shortcoming of the present statistical reporting system, thereby contributing to the demographic development of the modern Russian Federation.
Features of the post-industrial development of agglomerations as the core of economy
Authors: Sharov Sergey Yu. , Schneiderman Inna M.
Published: March 2020

The dominance of agglomerations in post-industrial economic development is a global trend due to the transition to a knowledge economy and the formation of consumer, compact cities. Production as such — agriculture, industry — goes to the periphery both in terms of their role in economy and in geographical terms. The main place is occupied by services: entertainment and ensuring high-quality reproduction of the population — healthcare and education. An essential condition for the successful development of peripheral locations is attainability of the core of agglomeration by a daily trip. Agglomerations are becoming virtually uncontested for ensuring relatively high general levels of labor productivity and quality of life for large masses of population. However, agglomerations also give rise to problems, the complex solution of which requires understanding of the new historic content of the traditional economic and geographical categories, such as central places, connectivity, geographical framework, relations between the center and the periphery. From a practical point of view, this should be reflected in federal programs for development of the largest agglomerations, which now present the only opportunity to quickly solve their most acute problems and realize their development potential, which will also be transferred to development of the regions adjacent to them. Federal support for development of agglomerations — the central places of regions, on the one hand is realistic in the prevailing conditions of centralized state finances and lack of local resources. On the other hand, unlike federal programs that disperse funds throughout the region, such support will contribute to the self-development of regions in accordance with the nature of their participation in the national and global economies, since the organic development of cities and territories within economic influence of the agglomeration is latter's natural function.
Self-employment as response of the part of economically active population to the crisis of standard labor relations
Authors: Patsiorkovsky Valery V.
Published: March 2020

The article focuses on the analysis of the specifics of self-employment. Self-employment is considered as a special economic structure in the mixed economy of modern Russia. Self-employment is characterized by two forms of labor relations. If it is practiced in the informal sector of the economy, then verbal agreement with payment after completion of work (provision of services) is prevailing. When it is practiced in the real sector of the economy, civil law contract is concluded. In any case, self-employment does not know wage labor and wages. The wide use of self-employment in our country, which has become widespread in recent years, is due to a group of factors. The decisive role among them is played by the state's rejection of universal employment and tight control of labor relations, as well as by the technological changes that are characteristic of the fourth industrial revolution. First of all, this refers to the mass introduction of cyber-physical systems in the production and everyday life of people. These changes, firstly, have a huge impact on the labor market. Secondly, they open up new opportunities for households and, in fact, for self-employment. The article considers the structure and features of separate sectors of self-employment, including individual entrepreneurship, personal subsidiary farming and individual self-employment. Each sector of self-employment is described taking into account its specifics and characteristic features in terms of its nature, functions, motivation, legal regulation, income, etc. A close relationship between self-employment and household is shown. There is given criticism of simplified ideas about self-employment, which consider it as an integral part of precarious employment, as well as in terms of transition from wage labor to entrepreneurship or residual manifestation of entrepreneurship.
Age-Independence for Media Pedagogy
Authors: Haubold Rebekka
Published: March 2020

Age is a static socio-demographic dimension, but is it still a useful category for media pedagogy and media competencies? This article is a theoretical examination of the fixation on age in German media pedagogy research and practice. The thesis of this article, therefore, is that this dominant focus on age should be shifted to neglected contexts and ways to discover them. The key point is to distinguish cases in which it makes sense to focus on age groups in media pedagogical research and practice from those in which it is discriminatory and less important than other factors. Therefore, it analyses historical developments that justified concentration on the subject in German media pedagogy and, thus, the overemphasis on age concepts.
From Hellholes to Hell
Authors: Kurelić Zoran
Published: March 2020

In this essay the author creates and discusses an interplay of two incommensurable concepts of evil: Hannah Arendt’s radical evil from The Origins of Totalitarianism, and David Lynch’s evil presented artistically as “the bad electricity” in Ronnie Rocket. The first concept is related to Hell which Arendt uses in a few essays and in The Origins... In her opinion the first step towards the pure hell of Auschwitz was made in internment camps for stateless refugees. Giorgio Agamben revisits this idea and shows the link between statelessness and superfluousness. For Arendt the road which started with the inability to solve the refugee problem in Europe ended up in a Hell on Earth created in extermination camps. Agamben believes that spaces of extermination which reappeared on the European continent during the wars in former Yugoslavia demonstrate the grim possibility of recreating Hell in Europe. In his extraordinary script for the unmade film Ronnie Rocket, David Lynch creates a fictional hellhole of a city in which the rulers torture the population with bad electricity. The author discusses these two dramatically different visions of hell in order to show how Arendt’s radical evil when compared to “the bad electricity” can be understood as a production of Hell, and how Lynch’s switching from the bad to good electricity represents a revolutionary change which is simultaneously political and cosmological.
Civil Society and the Rise of the Radical Right in Poland
Authors: Cipek Tihomir , Lacković Stjepan
Published: March 2020

The influence of the radical right in the whole of Central Europe not only continues to grow, but has reached its apex by gaining power in Poland and Hungary. Its success is often attributed to two factors: a) the weakness of civil society, and b) economic and social crisis. We shall try to dispute these theses by using the example of Poland. We will defend a thesis that contradicts the usual claim that developed civil society also fosters democracy, and will show that the radical right owes its success precisely to its strength in civil society. This text will also show that there is no direct connection between the radical right and economic crisis, and that the real reason for its success is the dominance over the public discourse. The text is divided into three parts: the first will define the concept of the radical right and give an overview of the theories about its rise; the second part will focus on different explanations of the relationship between civil society and liberal democracy; and the third part will discuss the characteristics and activities of the most important organisations of the Polish radical right and their place in civil society and politics.
Collective Memory and an Interpretative Approach
Authors: Kočan Faris
Published: March 2020

Contrary to the common understanding that collective memory functions as a driver for fostering domestic peace, stability, a common national identity, and serves as a cornerstone for the realisation of specific national goals, our aim is to show how collective memory is understood as a constitutive element of foreign policy narratives and how memory can influence foreign policy choices (Anderson, 1983; Gillis, 199 4; Hobsbawm and Ranger, 1983; Bodnar, 1992; Schudson, 1993; Dian, 2017). Building on the work of Müller (2002), Bell (2010), Langenbacher and Shain (2010), Resende and Budryte (2014), Dian (2017) and Bachleitner (2018), we will argue that Serbia’s foreign policy choice in 2013 to sign the agreement with Kosovo is best understood with the help of an interpretative approach to foreign policy, as this issue de facto reflected the continuation of the role of sacrifice within Serbian collective memory. A narrative of victimisation was used to efficiently bridge the ‘guilt’ and tie it to the notion of great powers’ intervention. This article also examines the paradox of Serbia’s endeavours to hold on to Kosovo by looking into how the struggle over the nation’s past provides the fundamental ideational background for contemporary foreign policy choices.
The Outdoor Field Test and Energy Yield Model of the Four-terminal on Si Tandem PV Module
Authors: Araki Kenji , Tawa Hiroki , Saiki Hiromu , Ota Yasuyuki , Nishioka Kensuke , Yamaguchi Masafumi
Published: March 2020

The outdoor field test of the 4-terminal on Si tandem photovoltaic module (specifically, InGaP/GaAs on Si) was investigated and performance model, considering spectrum change affected by fluctuation of atmospheric parameters, was developed and validated. The 4-terminal on Si tandem photovoltaic module had about 40 % advantage in seasonal performance loss compared with standard InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs 2-terminal tandem photovoltaic module. This advantage is expanded in (subarctic zone) < (temperate zone) < (subtropical zone). The developed and validated model used all-climate spectrum model and considered fluctuation of atmospheric parameters, and can be applied every type of on-Si tandem solar cells.
ATP-Hypothesis: A New Conceptual Framework for the Origins of Genetic Codes
Authors: Xie Ping
Published: March 2020

The origin of genetic codes is the key to reveal life’s origin on the earth as it is a prerequisite for the existence of life. More than half a century has passed since the discovery of genetic codes, while their origin is still one of the greatest mysteries. Are the origins of genetic codes really unknowable? Do they really require external design? Here, we present an ATP-hypothesis that explains how the genetic codes came into being with the coevolution of biochemical system. ATP has several properties that make it suitable as the initiator of the origin of genetic codes. First, ATP is the only energetic product of photosynthesis. Second, ATP is at the heart of the extant biochemical systems. Third, ATP serves as carriers of both energy and information. Fourth, ATP could energetically elongate chains of both polynucleotides and polypeptides, thus providing a bridge between them, and eventually mediating prebiotic transaction from energy to information. This hypothesis shows how primitive life emerged through a series of processes from energy to information. Informatization (processes of creating and managing information) was inevitably coupled with structuralization (processes of organizing or incorporating into a cellular structure), making polynucleotides and polypeptides be cyclized into a system of reciprocal causation. The triplet codon might just be for stereo-chemical handing of amino acid through e.g. Watson–Crick pairing interactions. This hypothesis shades lights on the origin of life, together with the formations of both photosynthesis and biochemical systems, which have been largely unknown so far.