bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic research on the effect of H2O on transformation of organic sulphur during coal pyrolysis under CO2 atmosphere
Authors: Gu Ying , Chen Yufan
Published: September 2021

This study investigates the effect of H2O on transformation of organic sulphur in coal during CO2 atmospheres by thermodynamic equilibrium calculation by HSC Chemistry. The effect of water vapour on the release of sulphur containing compounds was studied. Detailed S distribution between 200-1400°C was explored. The results show that CO2 not only promotes the formation of inorganic compounds, but also moves the peak of released less complicated organic compounds such as Thiophene, Methylthiophene, Dimethylthiophene, etc. to a much lower temperature. The ranking of the sulphur release in CO2 atmosphere by HSC is: SO2 > Methyl thiophene > Dimethyl thiophene > Ethyl thiophene > dimethyl sulfone. Temperature affects the transformation of sulphur greatly during pyrolysis in CO2 atmosphere. Below 700 °C, COS and H2S are two major sulphur containing compounds formed during pyrolysis in CO2. Above 700 °C, SO2 plays the main role. H2O at different temperature range during heating also reacts with organic sulphur compounds, leading to a further decomposition. Since more organic S stays in inert gas, water promotes the decomposition of organic S compounds more intense than that in CO2 atmosphere. Besides, the effect of water vapour on S distribution depends on the amount of H2O in the reaction.
The Effectiveness of the Rainwater Garden under Different Rainfall and Different Soil Conditions in Hangzhou, Zhejiang
Authors: Zhang H Q , Shi M Q , Qiu S P , Wang Z M
Published: September 2021

At present, there are still problems in applicability and lack of basic research in the construction of sponge cities in Zhejiang Province. In this paper, a generalized model of the rainwater garden box is established. The planting soil, park soil and soil mixed with fine sand and coarse sand in Hangzhou area are selected as the rainwater garden medium layer. The artificial rainfall test method is used to simulate seepage and storage efficiency of rain garden under the once every two years rainfall and once every five years rainfall of Hangzhou city. The test results show that under the same soil conditions, the maximum infiltration flow rate under the once every two years rainfall is 0.2 cm3/s more than that under the once every five years, and the maximum infiltration rate of planting soil has exceeded the maximum infiltration rate under the once every five years. Under the once every two years rainfall, the maximum infiltration flow of the planting soil, planting soil and fine sand are each composed of half, and planting soil and coarse sand are each composed of half are 2.1, 4.8 and 5.6 cm3/s, respectively; the maximum infiltration flow of the the park soil, park soil and fine sand are each composed of half, and the park soil and coarse sand are each composed of half, are 0.7, 7.7and 9.2 cm3/s, respectively. At the same time, after adding fine sand, the infiltration amount increases by about 1/4 compared to before mixing; after adding coarse sand, the infiltration amount increases by about 1/3 compared to before mixing. It can be seen that the infiltration capacity of the park soil is much better than that of the planting soil after the sand-grain mixing ratio. The results of this research can provide theoretical basis and technical reference for the construction of Hangzhou sponge city.
Drainage system construction influence on the groundwater level of reclaimed soils
Authors: Balun O V
Published: September 2021

The influence of the drainage system construction on the formation of the regime of groundwater levels has been studied. The results of statistical processing of the data from parallel observations of meteorological parameters and groundwater levels over a 32-year period have demonstrated that groundwater levels are most closely correlated with the hydrothermic coefficient (HTC) of the previous period. With an increase in the degree of moisture, the groundwater level rises most rapidly in the first decade of May and is less subject to variations in the third decade of May. The highest groundwater level in the 1st decade of May with the long-time annual average HTC equal to 2 was observed in the shallow drainage option–35 cm, the lowest–in the two-tiered drainage option–70 cm. In an excessively humid year (HTC = 3.5), groundwater in the options of shallow drainage and collectors with filling the drainage trench with sand-gravel mixture (SGM) rise into the plough layer; and, when the HTC exceeds 4.5, in the options of shallow drainage and collectors with SGM, they reach the soil surface. In a wet year, the rate of groundwater decline is from 1.25 cm/day–in the option of two-tiered drainage to 2.00 cm/day–in the option of collectors with wood chip. In modern conditions of climate change, the most advanced drainage systems are the structures of two-tiered drainage and collectors with wood chip, which ensure timely drainage of groundwater. In a high-water year, the use of wood chip instead of a sand-gravel mixture in the collector structure will increase the rate of lowering of the groundwater level by 5%.
Forecrop Influence on Humus Formation under Novgorod Region Conditions
Authors: Bevz S Y
Published: September 2021

In the article, the data on the study of the forecrop influence on the spring wheat yield and humus formation in grain-fallow and grain-row crop rotations under the conditions of the D. P. Pavlyuk peasant farm household (PFH) of the Novgorod region is provided. It has been found that the yield of spring wheat and the accumulation of plant residues and humus in the soil in the crop rotation system is greatly influenced by the forecrop. Thus, as a result of the studies carried out to explore the influence of the forecrop on the yield and humus formation, it has been found that the forecrop has a great influence on the yield of grain and the accumulation of plant residues and humus in the soil in the crop rotation system. In grain-row crop rotation, spring wheat, sown after potato, demonstrated the highest grain yield (about 5.5 tonnes per hectare) and provided the output of root and crop residues of more than 6 tonnes per hectare. This led to the maximum formation of humus in the soil (about a tonne per hectare). In the grain-fallow crop rotation, the cultivation of wheat after pure fallow provided a grain yield per unit area of about 4.5 tonnes per hectare. Furthermore, 0.74 tonnes of humus were produced in the crop rotation system for the formation of the yield of the following crops. Repeated sowing of wheat provided a low grain yield of the spring grain crop. Permanent sowing of wheat formed the least amount of plant residues and humus. The humus formation was only 0.54–0.59 tonnes per hectare. This confirms the unreasonableness of using permanent sowing of wheat.
Meat Productivity and Exterior Features of Russian Meat Merino Sheep of Linear Origin
Authors: Chernobai E N , Onischenko O N , Konoplev V I , Semkiv L P
Published: September 2021

The article studied the meat productivity and exterior features of rams of the Russian meat merino breed. It was found that animals of group II (line SM-11) had superiority over their peers in group I (nonlinear) in terms of basic measurements. The experimental linear rams of group II exceeded their peers in group I: in height at the sacrum and withers by 0.8 and 1.6%, depth of the chest–7.5%, oblique body length–2.3%, chest girth–by 3.4 and cannon girth–by 3.0. This indicates the best development of linear animals. In terms of slaughter qualities, the superiority was also on the side of the animals of the II group. So, group II rams had the best result above the animals of group I respectively, by carcass weight - by 13.1% (P <0.05), by carcass weight–by 12.5% (P <0.05), by chilled carcass weight–by 12.4% (P <0.05), by carcass slaughter yield–by 1.7 abs. %. The sectional cut of the carcasses was carried out in accordance with GOST 7596-81. Deboning of meat from bones showed that the rams of the II group in terms of boneless meat yield (73.9%) exceeded their peers of the I group by 1.7 abs. %. The coefficient of meat content, namely the ratio of boneless meat to bones, was the highest in group II, 2.83, which is 0.23 units higher than in group I.
Experimental Study of a Pneumatic Separator
Authors: Chernyakov A V , Koval V S , Begunov M A , Algazin D N , Petrov N V
Published: September 2021

The article provides information on the relevance of grain cleaning in modern agricultural production. A model of a new pneumatic centrifugal grain separator is proposed. Experiments have been carried out to determine the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the separator’s operation. The dependences of the completeness of separation and grain losses on the supply and the resulting air velocity have been obtained. The analysis of the obtained dependencies is carried out and recommendations are given on the use of the separator and its rational modes for preliminary, primary and secondary cleaning of grain.
Management for Sustainable Hunting and Fishing Industry Development of the Novgorod Region
Authors: Davidova S G , Stepanova A A
Published: September 2021

The hunting and fishing industry of the Novgorod region has good opportunities for development in terms of the geographical location and natural resource base of the area. At the same time, nowadays due to certain circumstances, it does not function well enough. The article considers the main problems and risks of the industry development, provides recommendations for creating an optimal model of its sustainable development.
Economic Use of Wetlands in a Historical Context
Authors: Dmitruk N G , Druzhnova M P
Published: September 2021

The article dwells on the problem of economic use of wetlands in the process of historical development of forest marshland areas in the northwest of the East European Plain. The authors consider changes in the traditional use of the resources of wetland areas, and the prospects for present day rational use of natural resources.
Climate Change and Dynamics of the Forest Area at the Forest Experimental Station of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy since 1862
Authors: Dubenok N N , Lebedev A V , Gemonov A V
Published: September 2021

In the Forest Experimental Station of the Russian State Agrarian University–Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, since 1862, experiments have been carried out to study the methods of planting, the geographical origin of seeds, methods of thinning for forest growth. Over 150 years, significant changes have occurred in the climatic conditions of the Forest Experimental Station. There have been changes in the species composition of the forested area of the Forest Experimental Station. At the time of the first forest inventory in 1862, there were 5.7 units for pine, 1.6 units for birch and 1.4 units for oak. In the subsequent dynamics of the species composition of forest stands, there is a decrease in the share of pine to 3.9 units and an increase in the share of birch (1.6 units), oak (2.3 units) and larch (1.8 units) by 2009.
Live weight and Coat Length of Tuvan Coarse-Haired Goats
Authors: Irgit R S , Hodusov A A , Ponomareva M Y , Ondar S N , Sambu-Khoo C
Published: September 2021

The research purpose was to determine the morphometric parameters of the coat in animals of productive age. The objects of the study were Tuvan coarse-haired goats at the age of 3 years (n = 20) from the agricultural enterprise “Uurgai” located in the southeastern part of the Republic of Tyva (Russia) bordering Mongolia in the south. Wool samples were taken from the animals from the side behind the shoulder blade for examination using an optical fiber diameter analyzer OFDA 2000. It was found that the length of the down averaged 6.35 ± 0.45 cm (Cv = 31.6). The down in the studied goats is shorter than the covering hair and in 35% of the animals studied it exceeds the length of 7 cm. As a result of wool studies using the optical fiber diameter analyzer OFDA 2000, it was found that the proportion of down hair (less than 30 μm) averages 80.21 ± 1.57% (Cv = 8.8), with a fairly significant difference between the extreme values from 67.52 to 90.84%. The amount of transitional hairs has critical differences from 2.28 to 19.42% at Cv = 64.6, while in animals with a low content of transitional hair in the staple (2.28–4.14%), the peak of the diagram has a value within 15–17 μm with a correlation coefficient of 0.69. The data obtained allows for the following conclusion: in order to obtain high-quality down with the smallest fiber diameter when breeding native Tuvan coarse-wooled goat, special attention should be paid to the presence of a transitional hair type (30.1–52.5 μm) in addition to the length of the down and its diameter.
Recommendations for Rabbit Farms of the Novgorod Region to Prevent Outbreaks of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Kartashov S V , Pavlov S B
Published: September 2021

Recommendations on the observance of veterinary requirements in the field of preventing outbreaks of infectious diseases are proposed to animal farms in the Novgorod region. An integrated approach with the use of veterinary measures recommended in practice, additional technical means and production rhythms that reduce labor costs and increase the efficiency of reproduction and safety of livestock is proposed.
Theoretical Substantiation of the Practical Need for the Sanitation of Spore Forms of Microorganisms in Raw Milk before Its Processing
Authors: Kayshev V G , Emelyanov S A , Voblikova T V , Hramtsov A G
Published: September 2021

In the production of sterilized dairy products, a relevant problem is the control of vegetative and spore forms of thermophilic bacteria, whose active growth by the end of the technological process in milk can reach a high number and form a biofilm on the equipment parts which have elevated temperatures. The results of the experiments showed the possibility of cleaning raw milk from spore forms of bacteria by provoking their germination by preliminary low-temperature heat treatment with their further destruction by pasteurization. Spores of Bacillus cereus, after primary heat treatment (65 or 72 °C), do not germinate both at low storage temperatures (at + 5 °C) and when stored in uncooled milk (51–65 °C), at least for six hours. To provoke the germination of spores of Bacillus cereus, it is necessary to lower the temperature to +37 °C and hold for 5-6 hours; at the end of the sixth hour, the proportion of spores germinated into the vegetative state is about 35%. Primary heat treatment of milk reduces the germination time of spores of Bacillus cereus by half: from 10-12 hours to six. With the help of further pasteurization at 75 °C, it is possible to reduce the concentration of spore forms of microorganisms in milk to 3.102 CFU/cm3. The technology of double heat treatment of milk with its intermediate exposure for an hour and a half prevents the accumulation of metabolic products of a large group of bacteria: spore and vegetative, psychrophilic and thermophilic ones.
Meso-Cluster Typology of Production Complex of Rural Municipalities of the Krasnodar Region
Authors: Kolomyts O N , Ivanova I G , Gladilin A V , Nesterchuk A V
Published: September 2021

The article reveals advantages of the cluster approach at the regional level; the analysis of features of the functioning of the fruit and berry subcomplex of the region, represented by 37 rural districts, was performed; prospects for further expansion of this sector of agricultural production by clustering them were identified. The clustering method made it possible to determine identification signs of the development of micro-clusters and to extract potential territories that acted as integrators of growth within the fruit cluster. Based on the analysis carried out, a meso-cluster typology of fruit-producing areas of the Krasnodar Region was carried out, taking into account dominant factors in the concentration of fruit production and the analysis of directions for final product sale.
Innovative Investment Technologies in Agro-Industrial, Forestry and Chemical Complexes as Stimulation of Rational Environmental Management
Authors: Kremleva O K , Rodionova T N , Smirnov V I , Boryaev S A , Gorodov O A , Didkovskaya E N
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the issues of the legal mode of responsible investment as an important means of implementing measures to control environmental pollution, particularly in the agro-industrial and closely related complexes. The article analyzes the development of green finance system in Russia; it describes the main current regulations in the field of responsible investment. It is proved that proper legal support for investment, taking into account ESG factors, could solve the problems described in the article and ensure the introduction of economical, ergonomic and environmentally friendly technologies in the long term. Proposals were formulated to provide investors, including unqualified ones, with the opportunity to invest in green bonds, as well as to establish a mandatory minimum share of green bonds in the portfolio of institutional investors.
Investigation of Thermodynamics of Adsorption of Cadmium Ions Cd (II) from Model Solutions by Glass Fiber Materials
Authors: Letenkova I V
Published: September 2021

Thermodynamic regularities of the adsorption of cadmium ions Cd (II) using BSTV basalt fiber and M20-STV-2.0 and M20-UTV-0.6 glass fibers are investigated. The adsorption capacity of the investigated fibers with respect to the cadmium ion Cd (II) was determined. The degree of adsorption, values of the distribution coefficient, and adsorption equilibrium constants for the Langmuir and Freundlich models were determined. The adsorption equilibrium for the cadmium ion Cd (II) is well described by the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic characteristics of the process were determined: the change in the Gibbs energy, the change in the enthalpy and entropy of the adsorption process at three temperatures. The change in the Gibbs energy corresponds to the spontaneous occurrence of the adsorption process. A decrease in the change in the Gibbs energy of adsorption in a series of fibrous materials (BSBV basalt fiber–M20-STV-2.0 glass fiber–M20-UTV-0.6 glass fiber) is due to the entropy effect. The adsorption of cadmium ions Cd (II) on glass fiber materials is exothermic. The values of the thermal effects, found by the graphical method in accordance with the isobar equation of the chemical reaction, do not exceed 25 kJ / mol and indicate the physical nature of the process.
Application of Earth Remote Sensing Data in the Practice of Hunting Design
Authors: Lukashik E E
Published: September 2021

According to the strategy for the development of the hunting economy in the Russian Federation until 2030, one of the principles of sustainable and rational hunting use is the monitoring of the resources used and a reliable assessment of the state of their habitat. The solution of modern problems of classification and typological assessment of the habitat of hunting animals is possible using multispectral satellite imagery, reflecting the whole variety of natural landscapes, types of vegetation and other properties of the earth’s surface. The article discusses the features of mapping the habitat of hunting animals using data from remote sensing of the Earth by classifying objects on satellite images according to various criteria corresponding to certain habitats of animals. Methods for interpreting satellite images for determining the categories and classes of the habitat of hunting animals are indicated, the results of a typological assessment of the habitat of hunting animals on the territory of the Priilmensky landscape of the Novgorod region are presented.
Biological Products for Integrated Protection Systems for Greenhouse Vegetables and Ware Potatoes
Authors: Lysov A K , Morozov D O , Naumova N I
Published: September 2021

The article presents research materials on the widespread use of multifunctional biological products against fungal and bacterial pathogens on the main vegetable crops cultivated in greenhouses and on potatoes. For protected ground crops: cucumber, tomato, eggplant, protection systems have been developed that help protect plants from diseases during the entire growing season. The introduction of these systems into production makes it possible to completely reduce or minimize the use of chemical plant protection products on these crops and thereby reduce the negative impact on the environment, as well as improve the quality and safety of crop products. The article presents the main biological products that are included in the potato protection system, including Kartofin, SK and Sternifag, SP.
Organization and improvement of biochemical control of full-fledged feeding of cows
Authors: Semkiv M V
Published: September 2021

The current development of dairy cattle breeding raises an urgent problem of feeding improvement; it concerns the preparation of high-quality feed and diets depending on the physiological state of the animal. While solving this problem, it is necessary to pay special attention to the organization and improvement of biochemical control of full-fledged feeding of cows. This research pays considerable attention to the theoretical component of the topic, namely, it justifies the significance of zootechnic and physiological-biochemical methods used on dairy farms in order to control the completeness of cows feeding. The analytical study is based on the monitoring of biochemical control methods used in the studied farm for the purpose of prompt response to the organization of full-fledged feeding of cows; the recommendations are given on testing biological fluids in real time. The research also touches upon the aspect associated with metabolic disorders, which appears with an imbalance of vital substances in the diet and does not display any symptoms. The long-term influence of unbalanced feeding leads to diseases of animals and, accordingly, to economic damage due to a sharp decrease in milk production, reproductive capacity and other indicators. As a result, the genetic potential of animals is not fully realized. In this regard, it is evidently confirmed that in order to increase the productivity of black-and-white cows, it is necessary to constantly improve and optimize their feeding diets, to monitor the physiological state of animals using biochemical indicators.
Monitoring of Sowing Oats for Disease Infection in the Conditions of the Collective Farm “Russia” Spk of Novgorod Region
Authors: Toshkina E A
Published: September 2021

Phytosanitary diagnostics and phytosanitary expertise are the main stages of the overall phytosanitary monitoring system. The aim of the study was to monitor oats of the seed variety Borrus for disease incidence in the conditions of the collective farm “Russia” SPK of Soletsky district of Novgorod region. According to the results of the research, two main diseases were identified on crops of common oats - red-brown spotting and powdery mildew. The spread and development of these diseases on oat crops was influenced by the prevailing weather conditions of the growing seasons of 2019 and 2020. Based on the monitoring of the phytosanitary diagnostics of crops, the study of the spread and development of diseases, the farm proposed measures to reduce the degree of manifestation and infection of all grain crops, regardless of weather conditions and allowed to improve the quality of grain.
Differentiation of Production of the Regional Agro-Industrial Complex as a Factor in Ensuring the Economic and Social Stability of a Territory
Authors: Vinogradova O N
Published: September 2021

The article presents the results of a study of enterprises in the agro-industrial complex of the Novgorod region. A study of the structure of production of agricultural products was carried out, key directions of development were identified, problem areas were outlined, a number of recommendations were made to improve the processes of development of territorial industries in order to ensure the stability of the socio-economic development of the relevant areas of the region. A comprehensive approach to the development of branches of the regional agro-industrial complex is proposed, based on the differentiation of agricultural production and the improvement of processing and marketing processes. The need for a comprehensive application of advanced achievements of scientific and technological progress and elements of promoting the digital economy to ensure the progressive development of the regional agricultural sector is determined. Conclusions are formulated regarding the importance of the development of the agro-industrial complex as one of the main factors in ensuring not only food security, but also an element of ensuring the economic and social stability of the territory.
The modelling of particulate matter concentration using mass balance model in surface coating activities at finishing room of shipbuilding process
Authors: Santiasih I
Published: September 2021

The surface coating process of shipbuilding produces pollutants in the form of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2,5), potentially generating environmental pollution and respiratory problems in workers. The concentration of indoor particulate matter (PM) can be predicted using mass balance model. This study aims to prove that mass balance can be employed to estimate the concentration of PM. Mass balance is calculated from the concentration of pollutants, inserted into indoor, indoor emission rate, airflow rate and pollutant removal rate. The model estimation results show that PM10 concentrations on the first day, second day, third day and fourth day were 1,22 mg/m3, 1,52 mg/m3, 1,84 mg/m3 and 1,80 mg/m3. While the PM2,5 concentration on the first day, second day, third day and fourth day was 2,67 mg/m3, 3,03 mg/m3, 2,99 mg/m3 and 3,15 mg/m3. The RMSE values on day 1 to day 4 for PM10 were 0.679412, 0.565597, 0.682349, 0,546626, while for PM2.5 are 0,755513, 0,980255, 0,975141 and 1,108106. Giving evidence that mass balance model was reliable that proved by the lower value of RMSE which is generally less than one. It proves that the concentration of PM (PM10 dan PM2,5) is close to actual value of PM concentration from measurement results.
Dynamic time distribution system monitoring on traffic light using image processing and convolutional neural network method
Authors: Rifai M , Budiman R A , Sutrisno I , Khumaidi A , Ardhana V Y P , Rosika H , Tibyani  , Setiyono M , Muhammad F , Rusmin M , Fahrizal A
Published: September 2021

The number of vehicles that continues to increase every time can cause congestion and increase the potential for accidents. One type of violation that often results in accidents is motorists who break through traffic lights when the red light is on. One factor that encourage motorists to not obey traffic light signs is due to the distribution of green time which tends to be fast on relatively dense tracks. This final project aims to get dynamic green light on traffic light according to the volume of the vehicle for each lane using convolutional neural network method and can detect traffic light violations in the form of breaking the stop line markings on zebra cross. The sensor used is camera. There are three cameras used in each line. The number of cars detected will be sent to microcontroller via laptop. The data on the number of cars is used as input for the convolutional neural network to produce output data that serves as reference for obtaining the length of time for the green light. If the car stops above or exceeds the stop line on zebra cross when the red light is on, the car will be detected as violation.
Design automatic waitress in android based restaurant using MQTT communication protocol
Authors: Ardhana V Y P , Tibyani  , Harianto F A S , Sarwadi  , Pratama R A , Sutrisno I , Endrasmono J , Soekarta R
Published: September 2021

Currently, many technologies are created to facilitate and help solve problems in society. The development of technology and industrial automation encourages people to fulfill their daily needs quickly, precisely and efficiently. At this time, a variety of automatic equipment that supports human performance in carrying out their duties has been widely used, ranging from simple control tools to robotics with a variety of up-to-date technology bases. how to queue in front of the cashier and be delivered by the waiter to the dining table which utilizes a lot of Human Resources with various risks such as dishes or even fallen humans. Automatic serving is an alternative for serving food in a modern style. In the process of serving food, it is carried out by placing the food on the robot, using a stepper motor, the robot can walk and by using the photodiode sensor to detect food running on the food tray it will automatically stop in front of the table of customers who have ordered through the android application that has been provided in each table to seat. This system is expected to be able to make the system at the restaurant and its visitors safer and more comfortable.
Safe distance reminder system on ship against port for the standing process using image processing
Authors: Santosa A W B , Hardianti A , Hasugian S , Sutrisno I , Khumaidi A
Published: September 2021

Since ancient times, Indonesia has been known as a country that conducts trading activities. However, the number of accidents when the ship is about to dock is an indication of the need to improve the marine transportation system. The factors that cause accidents include human, technical and weather errors. Seeing these conditions and also related to the increasingly rapid development of technology, modern solutions for detecting objects using cameras can be developed. By using a PC as a video processor from a camera that works in real time and can classify several ship objects using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method. As well as being able to estimate the distance of the object where the ship must turn off the engine before docked with the camera using Stereo Vision. and the results of the algorithm processing can be translated into a signal that will be sent to the harbormaster and also the ship that will dock as an output. Then the ship that will dock can find out the distance where the ship has to turn off the engine through the signal sent or siren. The average total accuracy of the system which is able to detect ships is 97.15%.
Application of Machine Learning Method to Predict Reliability in Lubricating Oil System Components
Authors: Arumsari Nurvita , Pamuji Feby Agung , Puspita Bianda Devi
Published: September 2021

In predicting the reliability and failure of components, classical methods are often used by determining the distribution between failure times. Sometimes, the determination of this distribution does not always match the data pattern that is owned because of the limited data records and the many types of distribution that must be chosen. In addition, how much influence the time series has on components cannot be clearly analyzed. Therefore, in this study a prediction will be carried out by combining classical methods with machine learning, namely Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Least Square Support Vector Regression (LSSVR). Both methods are considered capable of improving the prediction accuracy of a series of data. The results showed that the classical combined method with LSSVR had better accuracy than SVR.
Monitoring system on towercopter using ELM (Extreme Learning Machine) method
Authors: Santoso A D , Nurkhamidah L , Tibyani  , Ardhana V Y P , Sutrisno I , Putra Z M A , Kahar M S
Published: September 2021

Towercopter has experienced rapid development in recent years. Towercopter is a tool with one brushless motor and one propeller that is installed between two support poles. Towercopter requires balance to be able to move during takeoff or houvering. In this final project, a study will be developed using three brushless motors. Towercopter is a singlecopter prototype that specifically moves vertically. The load disturbance test on the system causes the towercopter to become unstable while working towards the setpoint. It needs to be controlled so that it is stable. So to solve these problems a prototype is made. Towercopter in this final project is a prototype designed using three brushless motors and 3 propellers which are mounted on two support poles, namely stainless axles. Using two sharp irradi sensors to detect height and slope. The purpose of this final project is to produce an altitude control on a towercopter using the ELM (Extreme Learning Machine) method.
Assesment dermoscopy images of skin lesion using U-Net segmentation for clinicians teledermatology
Authors: Ciptaningrum A , Purnama I K E , Rachmadi R F
Published: September 2021

Standard solutions to the process of assessing skin lesions are based on a medical pathology examination using dermoscopy images. Fortunately, abovementioned-mentioned diagnosis and treatment quite often show a defect-prone, yet in the hands of accomplished health care professionals. Due to the rapid development of skin cancer lesions, computational analysis is required. In order to minimize the probability of error, a segmentation task is required in which multiple medical analyzes can be conducted. These frameworks are generally required versatile and need assistance from advanced computing power. The proposed system is tested with datasets for dermoscopy images of clinical signs. U-Net segmentation method provides greater segmentation result IoU 94.37, Dice Coefficient 88.11, precision 90.87, recall (sensitivity) 91.82, accuracy 94.55, loss 16.8, and F1-score 91.34.
Extraction of keywords in the abstract of scientifics papers using BERT
Authors: Ikhsan M , Rachmadi R F , Yuniarno E M
Published: September 2021

Keywords are used to facilitate searches, inaccurate keyword determination, which can result in searches for journals that do not match the intended title. To overcome this, it is necessary to implement a keyword search in the abstract using deep learning methods from a journal to produce the right keywords that will distinguish journals from one another. The purpose of this study is to implement a keyword search system in abstracts using the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) method as an abstract word search system that produces keyword answers that have context according to the desired keyword results. The results of this study get optimal results in the epoch 500, and from these results using a dataset with of 444 training data and 10 test data for testing.
The influence of quenching on fatigue life of Ti6Al4V alloy
Authors: Belan J , Bokůvka O , Uhríčik M , Kuchariková L , Vaško A
Published: September 2021

Titanium Ti6Al4V alloy falls into the α+β category alloy system. It is widely used due to its unique mechanical and physical properties which can be modified by applied heat-treatment. The α-phase is considered to be the main phase influencing mechanical properties of an alloy such as ultimate tensile strength or ductility. However, it has also influence on the fatigue life where the form and presence of α-phase in prior β grains may increase or decrease fatigue life. The length and width of α-lamellae influence on fatigue life is well-known. A lot of authors have done their experiments on alloys with Widmanstätten or acicular α-phase structures. Our goal was to obtain an α’-martensitic structure in prior p grains and investigate its influence on fatigue life. To fulfil this goal the heat-treatment consisted of heating near above β-transus temperature 1050°C for a dwell time of 3 hours followed by water quenching was applied. After heat-treatment, the set of specimens with dimensions 10 mm x 9 mm x 55 mm were subjected to three-point bending fatigue test with the parameter of cycles asymmetry R < 1 and test frequency f = 69 Hz. The S-N curve of fatigue life was plotted after the fatigue test and SEM fractography analysis of fractured surfaces was done as well. Our results were compared to previous fatigue test done on alloy with α-lamellae structure.
Influence of rolling speed during hot forming using HDQT-R 30-12 machine on the properties of stainless steel 08Ch18N10T
Authors: Jirkova H , Janda T , Peković M , Říha J , Mach J , Krsová D
Published: September 2021

Mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steels can be improved by a suitable combination of forming and heat treatment operations. In addition to rolling reduction and speed, the heat treatment parameters are very important as well. Heat treatment typically combines solution and stabilization annealing. In components of WWER nuclear reactors, most of which are made of these steels, it is necessary to achieve the prescribed hot mechanical properties. Bars of 30 mm diameter made of titanium stabilized 08Ch18N10T steel were rolled in an incremental rolling machine. After induction heating to 950°C, different roll speeds were used, from 200 rpm to 25 rpm. The rolled bars were cooled in water and stabilization annealed at 720°C for 10 hours or at 800°C for 1 hour. Mechanical properties were determined by tensile testing at room temperature and at 350°C. Slower rolling speeds led to lower elongation (40%) than the faster ones (50%). Metallographic evaluation focused on the effect of forming on the grain size.
Preparation of Ti-Al-Si alloys with the various contents of aluminium and silicon
Authors: Knaislová A , Linhart J , Novák P , Szurman I , Čegan T , Juřica J , Vojtĕch D
Published: September 2021

The intermetallics based on Ti-Al system are a relatively new class of high-temperature construction materials that combine unique physical and mechanical properties for use in aircraft engines, industrial gas turbines, or automotive industry. They are characterized by low density, good mechanical properties at high temperatures and good oxidation resistance. Addition of silicon into the Ti-Al alloys improves oxidation resistance and ultimate tensile strength in compression, but the complicated production limits wider use of these Ti-Al-Si intermetallic alloys. In this work, two main technologies of preparation of intermetallic compounds will be compared-melting and powder metallurgy.
Temelin Irradiated Cladding Project – TIRCLAD
Authors: Linhart Stanislav , Bĕláč Josef , Ševeček Martin , Řeháček Radomír , Starý Vladislav
Published: September 2021

It is widely known, that zirconium-based alloys have been used for nuclear fuel cladding fabrication for decades [1], [2]. Therefore, it is crucial for fuel vendors, utilities as well as safety authorities to understand their behaviour during reactor operation with strong fast neutron and gamma irradiation. To complement the information about material properties for current as well as prospective advanced zirconium-based alloys, a long term research project implemented by ALVEL has been carried out, in cooperation with its partners (ČEZ, Škoda Nuclear Machinery, UJV Rez, Research Centre Rez) [3], [4]. The project is implemented on the background of a large material research program sponsored by JSC TVEL and ČEZ (this program started in 2012 and it is planned to be finished in 2024). It is fully independently implemented in the Czech Republic.

Irradiation of material samples started at Temelin NPP in 2014 and finished in spring 2020. The first three batches were already transported to UJV Rez and Research Centre Rez for post-irradiation evaluation. After finishing testing of reference non-irradiated samples testing in 2018 (determination of initial state, mechanical properties and as-received microstructure), six batches of irradiated material have been analysed sequentially with their increasing neutron fluence. The final irradiation damage of the last sixth batch corresponds approximately to fuel burnup of 80 MWd/kgU.

This paper presents the developed methodologies and the expected experimental and other important outcome. Several material properties are being studied on different scales including high resolution microstructural and chemical analysis, creep and mechanical behaviour, nanoindentation, oxide layer morphology. The main objectives of the project include evaluation of materials’ microstructural and bulk properties and the derivation of dose- and temperature-dependent correlations that can be implemented into FEM models and fuel performance codes such as FRAPCON/FRAPTRAN [5], [6] or Transuranus [7]. These models can be then used to support licensing of new designs influenced by fuel cladding behaviour during long term dry storage, justification of dry storage for an extended period of time or justification of new safety criteria that can lead to enhanced operation of VVER reactors and spent nuclear fuel storage [8].
Mechanical and physical properties of Mg alloys prepared by SPD methods
Authors: Lukáč P , Trojanová Z , Džugan J , Halmešová K
Published: September 2021

Magnesium alloys were prepared by severe plastic deformation (SPD). Three methods were used. The mechanical and thermal properties were estimated. The increase in strength could be attributed to the grain refinement and increased dislocation density. The thermal conductivity and expansivity was measured for samples prepared with different methods. Some examples are shown and discussed.
Investigation of the influence of calcination temperature on morphology and structure of electrospun 1D SnO2 nanostructures
Authors: Tański T , Smok W , Matysiak W
Published: September 2021

The aim of the study was to manufacture the SnO2 one-dimensional nanostructures via the sol-gel technique and electrospinning methods from a solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), tin chloride pentahydrate (SnCl4-5H2O), N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and ethanol (EtOH). The as obtained fibrous mats consisting of polymer and precursors particles were subjected to the heat treatment in air in the following temperatures 500, 600 °C to obtain pristine tin oxide nanowires. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to determine the effect of calcination temperature on the morphology and structure of produced 1D SnO2. The energy dispersive spectrometry (EDX) and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were performed to investigate the chemical composition and structure of manufactured nanomaterials, respectively.
Effect of inclusions on the fatigue strength of a bearing steel
Authors: Nový F , Bokůvka O , Vicen M , Činčala M , Nikolić R
Published: September 2021

Here are presented results of experimental investigation about effect of inclusions on the fatigue strength of a bearing steel 100Cr6. Fatigue tests were carried out at sinusoidal cyclic tension-compression loading, f = 190 Hz, R = −1, room temperature, in the region ranged from N ≈ 3.5 × 105 to N ≈ 1.0 × 108 cycles of loading. Initiation of the fatigue cracks was observed in the bulk of the tested specimens and the so-called “fish eyes” were observed, mainly on the TiN inclusions (66 % Ti, 19 % N, 9 % Cr, remainder Fe, V, Zr). The TiN inclusions are hard, with sharp edges causing a significant stress concentration in a small localized area, resulting in an initiation of a fatigue crack. On the other hand, in standard for the chemical composition of this steel, the content of Ti was not prescribed.
A Thermodynamic Chamber Modelling Approach for Oil Free and Oil Injected Twin Screw Compressors
Authors: Ramchandran G , Harrison J
Published: September 2021

As computational modelling becomes an increasingly reliable and key component in accelerating the design process for twin screw machines, the goals for engineers now include developing faster running and physically accurate component models to optimize machine performance and efficiency, minimize internal leakage, reduce unwanted noise and pulsations, and properly size bearing supports in the machine. Accurately capturing these aspects via physical models helps in analyzing operating points that were not tested as well as in understanding how the machine will perform in a surrounding system. Thereafter, engineers can find an optimal design in a timely manner for the fastest speed to market as well as reduce physical testing to keep development costs low. This paper presents the use of a multi-physics modelling platform - GT-SUITE - in conjunction with SCORG – a well-established tool for the design and analysis of twin screw machines – to explore meeting the aforementioned goals. Two case studies are presented for a 3/5 oil free air compressor and a 4/5 oil injected air compressor. Comparisons to the mass flow rates of the gas and oil, temperatures, indicated power and the instantaneous chamber pressure vs rotation angle were made against test data available from the Centre for Compressor Technology at City University. The sensitivity of oil injection timing on the discharge temperature and power is shown and an optimum timing was found. The validated chamber models may be integrated into a system as well as used for further optimization to improve the original compressor performance.
Application of Path Homotopy in Twin Screw Compressor Rotor Profile Design
Authors: Patil Sumit , Stosic Nikola , Kovacevic Ahmed , Smith Ian , Asati Neeraj
Published: September 2021

This work explores application of an idea called ‘Path Homotopy’ from Topology in twin screw compressor rotor profile design. It is well known that twin screw rotor profiles impact the overall performance of screw compressors to a great extent. Almost all the well known profiles that are commercially used in twin screw compressors are generated out of analytical curves such as circles, lines and conic sections. Analytical representation has its own advantages in profile design but it limits the search space of all possible shapes that can be incorporated in profiles. This work aims at proposing an approach for rotor profiling that sticks to the analytical nature of curve representation in profiles while simultaneously extending the search space of curves that can be deployed in the design. Path homotopy has been identified as one of such approaches. Profile elements can be defined as homotopies between well known analytical curves (circles, lines and conic sections) and the homotopy parameter can directly influence these curves morphologically in their analytical form itself. In this way, shapes other than those used traditionally in profiling can be explored in search of the better rotor profiles.
Study on screw rotor thermal machining method of single screw compressor
Authors: Wang S Y , Wang Z L , Shi H W , Wang Z M , Hao M M , Wang J
Published: September 2021

Single screw compressor (SSC) is a type of rotary compressor with excellent performance. However, under high temperature conditions, the hot deformation of the screw rotor and the star wheel cause the change of the gap of the meshing pairs, which seriously degrades the compressor performance. In order to solve the problem of the gap variation of the meshing pairs, a new hot-state machining method is proposed to study the deformation characteristics of the screw rotor in the hot-state machining process, which provides some reference data for the pre-deformation of the rotor in the machining process. Numerical calculation model of thermal machining process for screw rotor was established by using finite element method. With the validated model, the deformation characteristics in the process of hot working were studied by changing the number of heating holes, diameter of heating holes and temperature of heating holes. Results show that screw rotor deformation will increase with the increase of heat source temperature and diameter, and the deformation distribution of the screw rotor is not significantly affected by the heat source temperature and diameter, but will be more uniform with the increase of heat source quantity. The research work in this paper can provide theoretical basis for hot machining of screw rotor for SSC.