bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Booster Vaccination Adverse Effects and Willingness to Receive a Yearly Booster Dose among Members of Health Sciences Faculties: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Pandarathodiyil Anitha K. , Veerabhadrappa Suresh K. , Nabillah Ghani Wan Maria , Termizi Bin Zamzuri Ahmad
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

New severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and waning vaccine efficacy led to the administration of booster doses. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are vulnerable to contract the infection, and vaccination hesitancy in this group may have an impact on vaccine uptake among the general public.

Aims:

This study aimed to (1) assess the prevalence of self-reported adverse effects (AEs) after the first booster dose vaccine, (2) evaluate the AEs between the homologous and heterologous booster vaccines, and (3) evaluate the willingness to receive a hypothetical yearly booster dose.

Materials and Methods:

An online, cross-sectional, self-administered, structured questionnaire was distributed to members of the health sciences faculties (HSFs), XXXX University, Malaysia. Convenience sampling was adopted, and descriptive statistics was used to interpret the results.

Results:

About 67.1% of participants experienced systemic or local AEs. The common AEs were pain at the site of injection (60.2%), fatigue (45.7%), headache (31.6%), and fever (24.7%). About 64% of our participants believed that the booster dose provided extra immunity against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and 57.7% of participants expressed concern over the “mix–match” of vaccination. About 78% of the participants were keen to receive the hypothetical yearly booster dose. The severity of AEs between the booster dose and the primary dose was statistically insignificant (P < 0.159).

Conclusion:

Booster vaccination AEs were similar to the primary dose. However, a higher severity of AEs occurring in heterologous vaccine receivers was noted in our study.
Accelarated Orthodontic Treatment Using Microosteoperforations: A Comparative Study
Authors: Sinha Abhishek , Avirachan Tara V. , Thomas Paul V. , Kuruvilla Leelamma , Majithia Parag S. , Paul Mithun
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Accelerated orthodontic treatment has gained popularity in recent years as patients seek shorter treatment durations. Microosteoperforations (MOPs) have emerged as a minimally invasive technique to expedite tooth movement. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of MOPs in accelerating orthodontic treatment with conventional methods.

Materials and Methods:

A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 orthodontic patients requiring dental alignment. The participants were divided into two groups: Group A (MOPs) and Group B (conventional orthodontic treatment). In Group A, MOPs were performed at the beginning of the treatment. Both groups received monthly orthodontic adjustments. Treatment duration, rate of tooth movement, and patient discomfort were measured and compared between the two groups.

Results:

The study found that in Group A, the treatment duration was reduced by 30% compared to Group B (P < 0.05). The rate of tooth movement in the MOPs group was 1.5 times higher than the conventional group (P < 0.01). Additionally, patient-reported discomfort levels were similar between the two groups. No adverse events related to MOPs were observed during the study.

Conclusion:

MOPs significantly accelerate orthodontic treatment, reducing treatment duration by 30% and increasing the rate of tooth movement by 1.5 times compared to conventional methods. Importantly, MOPs are well-tolerated by patients, making them a valuable option for expediting orthodontic treatment with minimal discomfort. This study highlights the potential benefits of integrating MOPs into orthodontic practice to improve treatment efficiency and patient satisfaction.
Association of Fordyce Granules with Skin Types – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alamri Nasser , Alotaiby Faraj
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Fordyce granules, sometimes referred to as Fordyce dots, are aberrant sebaceous glands that present as diminutive, non-painful, elevated lesions exhibiting a yellowish or whitish hue, measuring 1 to 3 mm in diameter, and manifesting inside the oral cavity. Likewise, these particles may also be seen in the vaginal region and inside the oral cavity.

Aim:

The primary objective of the current study is to evaluate the potential association between Fordyce granules and the skin type of individuals who seek dental care at the Dental Clinics of Qassim University.

Materials and Methods:

The current cross-sectional research was undertaken at the Dental Clinics of Qassim University, with a sample of 87 patients diagnosed with Fordyce’s granules. The research consisted of a heterogeneous sample of participants, including individuals of all genders, ranging in age from 18 to 85 years. The study included a comprehensive evaluation of several anatomical regions to identify the existence of Fordyce’s granules. This examination was conducted by a single examiner who had undergone calibration. Additionally, the participants’ skin types were established using the Baumann Skin Typing System questionnaire. The data that was gathered was afterward analyzed utilizing statistical methods via the use of SPSS software. A pre-set significance level was established at P < 0.05.

Results:

The distribution of skin types among the study participants with Fordyce’s granules were found to be oily skin (51.3%), dry skin (47.9%), sensitive skin (49.3%), and resistant skin (56.3%). The results of the research showed that there was no statistically significant correlation between the two variables, i.e. skin type and the presence of Fordyce’s granules. This conclusion is supported by the increased P values of 0.941 for those with oily skin and 0.785 for individuals with dry skin.

Conclusion:

No relation between skin type and Fordyce’s granules in the current study.
Expression of CD44 and SALL4 in Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sahoo Pravudeva , Kumar Harish , Panda Abikshyeet , Dash Kailash Chandra , Bhuyian Lipsa , Raghuvanshi Malvika , Panda Baisali
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

CD44 and SALL4 are markers of stemness and expressed in cancer stem cells (CSCs). Their deregulated expression was seen in various tumors and has been correlated with clinical severity. We evaluated immunohistochemical expression of CD44 and SALL4 in leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). CD44 was expressed in all the cases of leukoplakia and Its expression correlated with severity of the dysplasia in leukoplakia but varied with differentiation in OSCC. SALL4 did not express in leukoplakia. Its expression was varied in OSCC cases. We opine that CD44 expression is consistent with the progression of dysplasia in leukoplakia and differentiation in OSCC.
New Horizons and Prospects in Oral Cancer Detection
Authors: Ojha Ayushi , Panda Baisali , Mishra Pallavi , Das Duttatrayee , Kumar Vijay , Bhuyan Lipsa
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Recent advancements in oral cancer detection prioritize non-invasive and minimally invasive techniques for efficient and accurate screening. This review outlines progress in methods such as narrow band imaging, fluorescence imaging, and optical coherence tomography, showing promise in early lesion detection. Biomarker detection in saliva and targeted nanoparticles enhance early diagnosis, while machine learning improves diagnostic accuracy. However, clinical validation and large-scale studies are needed for widespread adoption.
Analyzing Pooled Microarray Gene Expression Data to Uncover Common Pathways in Periodontitis and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma from the Gene Expression Omnibus
Authors: Karri Roja Lakshmi , Amrutha Rudraraju , Shrinivas  , Bojji Manasa , Kumar K. Manoj , Benarji K. Ajay
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Periodontitis and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are prevalent oral diseases with distinct etiologies, yet they share certain molecular and biological characteristics. Gene expression datasets from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) repository (GSE30784 for OSCC and GSE10334 for periodontitis) were analyzed. Data preprocessing and differential gene expression analysis using GEO2R identified common differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and FunRich software facilitated the construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network on the STRING database. Cytoscape, coupled with the CytoHubba plugin, identified Cluster of Differentiation 19 (CD19) and Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) as the top hub genes, with Complement C3 (C3) also highly ranked. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted pathways such as the B-cell receptor signaling pathway, complement and coagulation cascades, and hematopoietic cell lineage. Additionally, miRNet analysis identified key miRNAs, including hsa-mir-26a-5p, hsa-mir-129-2-3p, and hsa-mir-27a-3p, associated with these pathways. These findings suggested an association of molecular mechanisms between periodontitis and OSCC, with identified hub genes and miRNAs potentially serving as therapeutic targets.
Evaluation of Dentist Perception of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) for Accelerated Tooth Movement - Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Nagappan Nagappan , Dcruz Thomson Mariadasan , Loganathan Archana , Gupte Shreyas H. , Ali Rajab , Karthik Prasanna , Mani Bhuvaneswari , Moulvi S. M. M.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The current survey was conducted to assess the knowledge, awareness and perception of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on accelerated tooth movement among dentist present in the state of Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu dentists were the subjects of the cross-sectional questionnaire survey. 500 participants completed self-administered questionnaires about their knowledge, awareness, and perception of PRP’s effect on accelerated tooth movement. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) (V 22.0) was used to do the statistical analysis. It computed the frequency distribution.The result showed that 466 (93.2%) had prior knowledge of PRP, whereas 34 (6.4%) had no previous experience with it. A total of 156 (31.2%) dentists were aware that PRP procedures are used for teeth rotation and canine retraction.15.2% of participants stated that PRP facilitates accelerated tooth movement.Therefore, results of the study show that the dentists were a little aware of PRP as an additional therapeutic strategy for accelerating tooth movement.More awareness required among the dentist regarding application and its benefits of PRP in accelerated tooth movement.
Sapindus Mukurossi – An Effective Biocleanser for Removable Dental Prostheses? An In vitro Study
Authors: Hariharan Annapoorni , Krishnamurthi Sowmya , Thamarai C , Thanya K , Parameswari Devi , Krithika A
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine the efficient concentration of Sapindus mukorossi that can be used as a denture cleanser. 60 heat cure denture base resin specimens of dimensions 10*10*2 mm were fabricated. Among these, 30 were fabricated by compression moulding technique and the remaining 30 by an injection moulding technique. The samples inoculated with Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans were subjected to denture cleansing protocols using a medicinal herbal extract from the Sapindus mukorossi, at various concentrations [15%, 20%, and 25%]. The colony-forming unit [CFU] values were evaluated using a microprocessor colony counter. The statistical analysis was performed. The intragroup comparison showed a statistically significant difference between all groups except the compression moulded samples inoculated with Streptococcus mutans. The intergroup comparison revealed no statistically significant differences between the compared groups. The reduction in CFU values is evident in the effective anti-microbial activity of Sapindus mukorossi. A concentration of 25% Sapindus mukorossi solution showed the greatest efficiency. The maximum anti-microbial activity was observed against Candida albicans in a 25% concentration of Sapindus mukorossi. Among all, injection moulded samples showed better results.
Topical Steroid Damaged Face - A Dermascopic Analysis
Authors: Meghe Soham , Saoji Vikrant , Singh A. L. , Kashikar Yash , Rusia Kaveri , Ramapure Raavi
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

Dermoscopy particularly could be helpful in patients with steroid damaged face to assess and look for the damage caused by the steroid creams as also in cases where the patient provides improper history.

Materials and Methods:

Patients attending to dermatology OPD with suspected/diagnosed TSDF between the ages of 18 and 60 years were enrolled and assessed on the basis of age, gender, residence, duration, potency, brand of application topical steroid creams, clinical and dermoscopic features.

Results:

Majority abusing the topical steroid creams were females (n-14) with mean age with SD of 34 ± 11 and were from rural areas (57.8%). Red raised lesions were the most common clinical presentation (n-15) with telangiectasias as the most common dermoscopic feature (n-26). Triple combination creams containing hydroquinone 2%, tretinoin 0.025%, and 0.1% mometasone were on the top of the list (n-20).

Conclusion:

In this study, the importance of dermoscopy in assessing the features of topical steroid damaged face and preventing further damage is highlighted. Various factors causing topical steroid creams misuse and the easy availability of the creams is to be kept on check.
Ameloblastic Carcinoma in a Young Adult Male Patient - A Case Report
Authors: Murugan Kandasamy , Padmavathy Kesavaram , Dineshshankar Janardhanam , Bharathi Saravanna
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare malignant odontogenic tumor that is further classified into being primary or secondary arising from a preexisting benign ameloblastoma. It affects the mandible in two thirds of the patients. There is no standard treatment protocol for this lesion but radicalsurgical excision with or without radiotherapy is reported in the majority of cases. In this paper, we present a case of a 22 year old male diagnosed with Ameloblastic carcinoma of the mandible with a clinical course of typical aggressiveness and extensive destruction. Histopathological examination of the incised biopsy showed a parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with underlying fibrous connective tissue stroma. The stroma is highly myxomatous and exhibits islands of odontogenic epithelium and chronic inflammatory cell infiltrates. Interlacing strands of odontogenic epithelium shows stellate reticulum-like cells and occasional areas of squamous metaplasia with cellular and nuclear pleomorphism. In addition, mitotic figures were noted. With the correlation of clinical, radiographic, and histological features, the lesion is diagnosed as ameloblastic carcinoma. The lesion was surgical excised and post-treatment follow-up for 6 months revealed no recurrence of the malignancy.
2-Staged Surgical Protocol for Management of Large Odontogenic Keratocyst
Authors: Malhotra Prachur , Sinha Debasish , Chandalia Saurabh , Shah Deep , Mulay Mrudula , Shah Kreena
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The World Health Organisation classification and the treatment protocol for the odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), previously referred to as the keratocystic odontogenic tumour, were examined based on a study of the literature. Because not all OKCs have an identifiable protein patched homolog mutation, the idea of changing the management protocol for OKC in response to this shift in tumour category was met with scepticism and was not widely adopted. This study’s objective was to outline a successful management plan for an odontogenic keratocyst in a patient who was 23 years old. The procedure for therapy involved marsupialisation, which was followed by enucleation, peripheral osteotomy, and the injection of 5 FFU. Following a 2-year observation period (clinical and radiological monitoring), it was found that bone regeneration was normal and there was no sign of a recurrence.
Comparison of Automatically Controlled Injection System with a Traditional. Syringe for Multiple Infiltrations in Children Aged 6–12 Years: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Beegum Fahanna , Monier Eman , Elshaboury Shaimaa N. , Alghofaili Abeer I. , Habibullah Mohammed A. , Karthika S.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Children’s conduct is significantly impacted by pain during dental procedures. Children’s pain and discomfort can be reduced using computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery, which applies a steady, gradual flow of the anesthetic solution into the tissues. Using a self-report anxiety scale, the study aimed to assess and compare children’s perceptions of discomfort following a new auto-controlled injection method to a traditional local anesthetic procedure. A total of 25 children, ages 6–12 requiring the use of local anesthesia for treatment on both sides of the arch were selected. It was a split-mouth design, in which each participating child received both types of infiltrations in two separate, consecutive visits, using a metallic syringe in one session, and using the I-Ject device in the other. Before administering anesthesia, all the children’s anxiety scales were recorded using the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Faces Scale simplified to assess the anxiety level of a child. In the first appointment, Conventional anesthetic technique was and in the second appointment anesthesia was delivered using a computer-controlled device. Faces pain scaleRevised, a selfreport measure of pain was recorded immediately after completion of both types of local anesthesia (LA) administration. Patients reported greater comfort with the I-Ject computer-controlled device than with conventional anesthesia. Together with the practitioner, the computer system produced a pleasant and cozy environment for the youngster.
Prevalence of Adverse Respiratory Symptoms Among E-Cigarette Users in Saudi Arabia – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alrasheedi Sami M. , Alrashdi Mousa N. , Alhumaidan Lama S. , Alkhdairi Ahmad , Alzweihary Ali M. , Alhussaini Omar M. , Alharbi Lama S. , Albalawi Amirah N. , Almutairi Turki F. , Alharbi Osama A. G. , Bashal Afaf A. M.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Electronic cigarettes, frequently referred to as e-cigarettes, have emerged as a controversial and rapidly growing phenomenon in the realm of tobacco and nicotine consumption worldwide. This study reports the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among e-cigarette users. This study also helps to understand the potential harmful effects and importance of quitting e-cigarette smoking. An observational cross-sectional study was carried out in Saudi Arabia. The study period was from September 2022 to August 2023. The sample size was 447 participants. Among recent e-cigarette users in this Saudi study, usage varied, with 44.1% using 1–5 days, 33.6% using 6–30 days, and 22.4% using e-cigarettes previously but not in the previous month. Vape devices were predominant (42.7%). There were significant associations emerged between e-cigarette use frequency and symptoms such as fatigue, breathlessness, and shortness of breath. E-cigarette use was notably linked to asthma-related symptoms, underscoring its concerning impact on respiratory health (P < 0.05). E-cigarette consumption has a significant impact on respiratory effects and specifically asthma-related symptoms among this Saudi population.
Training Undergraduate Medical Students in Shared Decision Making: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh , Bankar Nandkishor , Bandre Gulshan , Mishra Vaishnavi
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

In the field of healthcare delivery, shared decision making (SDM) refers to a collaborative process, wherein both patients and the healthcare professionals mutually work to make informed and consensus decisions with reference to the kind of medical care that will be administered to patients. The purpose of the current review is to explore SDM in health care, ascertain the role of medical education, and identify the ways to train and assess undergraduate medical students in competencies pertaining to SDM. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out on the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines and a total of 29 articles were selected based on their suitability with the current review objectives and analyzed. Keywords used in the search include learning resources in the title alone only (viz. shared decision making [ti] AND patient [ti]; shared decision making [ti] AND medical education [ti]; shared decision making [ti] AND assessment [ti]; shared decision making [ti] AND self-assessment [ti]; shared decision making [ti]; shared decision making [ti]). In the domain of medical education, the promotion of SDM essentially will require a multipronged approach to enable its integration into the medical curriculum. However, we must remember that mere teaching–learning methods would not improve it unless they are supplemented with assessment methods, otherwise, we will fail to deliver sustained results. In conclusion, SDM in medical education and healthcare industry represents a transformative shift from the traditional paradigm to a patient-centered approach that empowers both patients and healthcare providers, including budding medical students. The need of the hour is to advocate and encourage structured integration of SDM in the medical curriculum and support the same with periodic assessments.
Volume of Enlarged White Matter of Thalamus among Individuals with Depression on Magnetic Resonance Image: A Study of BrainSuite Segmentation
Authors: Alarifi Abdulaziz , Taha Khalid M , Elamin Abubaker Y. , Almasaad Juman M. , Bakhit Nagi M. , Alsharif Mohammed H. Karrar
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The thalamus, located in the diencephalon, regulates emotions and memories. If there is a problem in this area of the brain, it can cause an amnestic syndrome characterized by difficulties in remembering and recognizing things. The objective of this study was to identify changes in the volume of the thalamus while contrasting them among individuals with depression.

Materials and Methods:

The study involved measuring the volumes of the white matter of the thalamus in 79 patients with depression (42 males and 37 females) between 20 and 40 years (24 ± 5.51). This was compared to a control group of 53 individuals (24 ± 4.91) consisting of 29 males and 24 females, who were comparable in terms of sex and age. The measurements were taken employing BrainSuite version 18a. 021 Win 64bit software on a Philips 1.5 Tesla Magnetom Avanto Vision System magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The Magnetization Prepared Rapid Acquisition (MPRA) was utilized to acquire three-dimensional images with T1 weighting.

Results:

The volume of white matter in the respective right and left thalamus was 5.09 cm3 and 4.58 cm3 (±standard deviation (SD) = 6.43 and 4.74) among individuals with depression. In the control group, the volume of white matter in the right and left thalamus was 3.66 cm3 and 4.16 cm3 (±SD = 3.99 and 5.06), respectively. The P-value is more than 0.05. The average volume of white matter in the right and left thalamus of females with depression and controls was 6.47 cm3 and 6.77 cm3 (with SD of 4.17 and 4.3), and 3.25 cm3 and 3.13 cm3 (with SD of 6.55 and 6.77), respectively.

Conclusions:

Our data suggest that individuals with depression exhibit an augmentation in the white matter of the thalamus, particularly in female patients where there is an upsurge in white matter volume. Depression appears to be linked to a decrease in volume on the left side of the brain.
Utilizing Artificial Intelligence Application for Diagnosis of Oral Lesions and Assisting Young Oral Histopathologist in Deriving Diagnosis from Provided Features – A Pilot study
Authors: Islam Atikul , Banerjee Abhishek , Wati Sisca Meida , Banerjee Sumita , Shrivastava Deepti , Srivastava Kumar Chandan
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

AI in healthcare services is advancing every day, with a focus on uprising cognitive capabilities. Higher cognitive functions in AI entail performing intricate processes like decision-making, problem-solving, perception, and reasoning. This advanced cognition surpasses basic data handling, encompassing skills to grasp ideas, understand and apply information contextually, and derive novel insights from previous experiences and acquired knowledge. ChatGPT, a natural language processing model, exemplifies this evolution by engaging in conversations with humans, furnishing responses to inquiries.

Objective:

We aimed to understand the capability of ChatGPT in solving doubts pertaining to symptoms and histological features related to subject of oral pathology. The study’s objective is to evaluate ChatGPT’s effectiveness in answering questions pertaining to diagnoses.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was done using an AI-based ChatGPT application that provides free service for research and learning purposes. The current version of ChatGPT3.5 was used to obtain responses for a total of 25 queries. These randomly asked questions were based on basic queries from patient aspect and early oral histopathologists. These responses were obtained and stored for further processing. The responses were evaluated by five experienced pathologists on a four point liekart scale. The score were further subjected for deducing kappa values for reliability.

Result & Statistical Analysis:

A total of 25 queries were solved by the program in the shortest possible time for an answer. The sensitivity and specificity of the methods and the responses were represented using frequency and percentages. Both the responses were analysed and were statistically significant based on the measurement of kappa values.

Conclusion:

The proficiency of ChatGPT in handling intricate reasoning queries within pathology demonstrated a noteworthy level of relational accuracy. Consequently, its text output created coherent links between elements, producing meaningful responses. This suggests that scholars or students can rely on this program to address reasoning-based inquiries. Nevertheless, considering the continual advancements in the program’s development, further research is essential to determine its accuracy levels in future versions.
Evaluation of Oral Microflora-Related to Dental Caries and Salivary pH in type II Diabetic Patients
Authors: Soundaram Balasubramanian , Murali C.R. , Ajithkumar Muthuraj , Anjali Arutchelvan , JothiPriya DanPasko , Vikraman Sethuraman
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Diabetes mellitus is one of the chronic diseases and a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level over a prolonged period. The present study aimed to evaluate and correlate HbA1c, salivary pH, and oral bacterial microflora (streptococcus and lactobacillus colony-forming unit (CFU)) related to dental caries in normal, controlled, and uncontrolled type II diabetic patients.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 90 samples were taken for this study. The HbA1c test was recorded and grouped into three (normal, prediabetic, and diabetic). CFUs (streptococcus and lactobacillus) were evaluated by the spit-and-swab method. Salivary pH was measured with a pH strip with color coding. By using the post hoc test, the P-value was significant.

Results:

The CFU of streptococcus and lactobacillus in the saliva spit and swab method is statistically significant for P <0.005 and P <0.01 among normal, prediabetic, and diabetic groups. In diabetic patients, there is a higher incidence of dental caries (s.d. 6.7), a higher CFU (s.d. 6194.5) in the bacterial microflora, and a lower salivary pH (s.d. 0.6) than in prediabetic and normal patients.

Conclusion:

From the present study, we conclude that there is a slight increase in the CFU of Streptococcus mutans in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic patients. This CFU increase and decrease in salivary PH were strongly associated with increased dental caries in diabetic patients.
Insights into Colorectal Cancer Screening Awareness: A Study in the Community of Taif City
Authors: Al-Sawat Abdullah , Alsuwat Mohammed S. , Alotaibi Riyadh H. , Thobaiti Turki K. Al , Alamri Yazan M. , Almalki Sultan M. , Alkhamash Mohanad O. M. , Alsofiany Eman
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is highly prevalent among Saudi males and females. Understanding its symptoms, risk factors, and screening is vital. This study aims to gauge CRC awareness in Taif City, Saudi Arabia, based on demographics. An observational study in Taif City surveyed awareness on colorectal screening, gathering data from March-April 2023 via a questionnaire covering demographics, screening knowledge, symptoms, and risk factors. Involving 551 participants, most were 19-40 years old (59.2%), female (65.9%), and had a bachelor’s degree (71.3%). Notably, 49.2% hadn’t visited a family doctor. Awareness on CRC screening was low. 37.7% knew about fecal occult blood tests, 32.7% about sigmoidoscopy, and 34.8% about colonoscopy. Only 27.6% knew the recommended screening age, and 2.4% the frequency. Participants sought information mainly online (45.7%) or from friends (24.1%). Recognized risk factors included family history (57.0%), blood in stool (58.8%), and abdominal pain (47.9%). The study highlights inadequate awareness about CRC screening in Taif. It underscores the necessity for targeted education campaigns, collaboration with healthcare professionals, and diverse information sources to improve understanding among the population.
The GC-MS Study of the Ayurvedic Formulation “Dhanwantharam Thailam” Used for Rheumatism
Authors: Brindha T R , Prabhu K , Jones Sumathi , Janaki C S , Sheriff Dhastangir , Kumar Hayagreva Muttevi , Kalaivani S , Lakshmi Deepa
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The scientific validity of contemporary and alternative medicinal practices, such as Ayurveda and Siddha, holds significant importance in today’s context.

Aim and Objective:

The present study employs gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to investigate a pain-relieving Ayurvedic oil, Dhanwantharam Thailam, aiming to establish correlations between its medicinal activity and the biomolecules it contains.

Materials and Methods:

Procured sample from a reputable Ayurvedic vendor in Chennai, Dhanwantharam Thailam underwent GC-MS analysis using standard procedures.

Results and Discussion:

The resulting profile revealed the presence of crucial molecules like oleic acid, dodecanoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, ethenyl ester, and 9,12-octadecadienoyl chloride (Z, Z), aligning with the medicinal properties attributed to Dhanwantharam Thailam.

Conclusion:

The identification of these biomolecules supports the role of Dhanwantharam Thailamas an effective pain-relieving oil.
Comparative Evaluation of L-PRF and Ofloxacin Incorporated L-PRF as an Adjunctive to SRP-A Split-Mouth Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Rengaswami Balaji V. , Sudhakar Uma , Dhanasekaran Manikandan , Muthuvijayan Gokulnivas
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim and Objectives:

To compare and evaluate the clinical efficacy of “ofloxacin incorporated L-PRF” and “L-PRF alone” when used as an adjuvant to non-surgical periodontal therapy.

Materials and Methods:

A split-mouth study was conducted in 50 patients diagnosed as chronic periodontitis with pocket depth ≥6 with at least one site in each quadrant. All patients underwent scaling and root planning. Test site received with ofloxacin incorporated L-PRF and control site received L-PRF alone. Clinical parameters pocket depth (PD), plaque index (PI), and gingival bleeding index (GBI) were recorded at baseline and 1 month after scaling and root planning.

Results:

In total, 100 sites were treated (50 test group and 50 control group) with no uneventful healing effects. Statistically significant decreases in PD (P = .0001 for both test and control groups), PI (P = .001), GBI (P = .001 for both groups), between pre-treatment and 1 month post-treatment were noted in both test and control groups. For intergroup comparisons, there was a statistically significant difference in all clinical indices (P > .005).

Conclusion:

Use of L-PRF with ofloxacin as an adjuvant to non-surgical periodontal therapy showed better improvements in clinical parameters.
An In Vitro Study to Compare the Shear Bond Strength of Metal and Ceramic Brackets Using Conventional Acid Etch and Self-Etch Primer
Authors: Pavithra Devi S , Barthunia Neeral , Jain Ruchira , Selvaraj Mahesh Kumar. , Arvindyogeshwar R , Chandran Aishwarya
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

In this, in vitro study’s objective is to assess the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal and ceramic orthodontic brackets that have been adhered to enamel using a conventional acid etch/primer and self-etching primer (SEP) adhesive method.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred excised human premolars were bonded on brackets and were divided into group 1 –Metal brackets were bonded on teeth and group 2 –Ceramic brackets were bonded on teeth. These two groups were further subdivided: subgroup 1a – 25 metal brackets bonded using conventional acid etch/primer adhesive system, subgroup 1b – 25 metal brackets bonded using SEP, subgroup 2a – 25 ceramic brackets bonded using conventional acid etch/primer adhesive system, and subgroup 2b – 25 ceramic brackets bonded using SEP; brackets were debonded using a computerized Instron universal testing machine.

Results:

The mean value of SBS of metal and ceramic brackets bonded using conventional acid etch/primer adhesive systems had higher SBS than those bonded using SEP. SBS ranged from 7.95 to 12.24 MPa which was in the acceptable clinical range.

Conclusion:

SBS values of all four subgroups exceeded the range of 6–8 MPa observed to be acceptable for routine clinical use.
Biofilm in Endodontic Infection and its Advanced Therapeutic Options – An Updated Review
Authors: Jayakumar Srilekha , Sridhar Dinesh , John Bindu M. , Arumugam Karthikeyan , Ponnusamy Prashanth , Pulidindi Hema
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Pulpal and periapical pathosis are biofilm-induced infections. Understanding the complex nature of endodontic biofilm would help to create a new disinfection strategy to eliminate the microorganism from the root canal system. The intricate canal structure creates challenges for proper disinfection, necessitating the need to understand the biofilm structure, composition, and mechanism within the biofilm community. This paper describes the endodontic biofilm structure, formation of biofilm, and advanced therapeutic options for combating the biofilm community within the root canal system.
Evaluation of Malocclusion Types in Adult Patients with Nasal Septal Defects – An Observational Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Ganesan Poornima , Golla Usha Rao , Balashanmugam Baskaranarayanan , Munuswamy Geetha Lakshmi
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The nasal septum is crucial in the development of the craniofacial structures. Deviated nasal septum is one of the anatomical causes of mouth breathing which in turn lead to malocclusion.

Aims and Objectives:

To evaluate the dentofacial and cephalometric characteristics in individuals with nasal breathing obstruction brought on by nasal septal deviation, as well as the relationship between these defects and various malocclusions and the degree of facial asymmetry.

Materials and Methods:

A two-point evaluation was adopted for the selected patients, one at the ENT department using clinical examination and CT–PNS and the severity classified according to the Mladina classification and another at the dental department, using clinical examinations, PA cephalograms, lateral cephalograms, and facial photographs.

Results and Discussion:

The association between malocclusion and various grades of septal deviation was statistically significant with a P value of 0.006. Results showed that 13 patients are with Class I skeletal pattern, 20 patients with Class II, and 7 patients with Class III skeletal pattern. None of the grade 7 nasal septal deviation patients had class I malocclusion and none of the grade 2 nasal septal deviation patients had class III malocclusion. Class II division I malocclusion was the most common type noted in patients with nasal septal deviation. Grade 7 nasal septal deviation was associated with the maximum amount of ANS and mentioned deviation indicating significant facial asymmetry.

Conclusion:

Class-II Division-1 malocclusion was the most common type noted and Class III malocclusion was more common in higher grades of nasal septal deviation. Maxillary and mandibular asymmetry worsens significantly with an increase in the grade of nasal septal deviation and is one of the significant factors in causing facial asymmetry.
Evaluation of Different Root Canal Sealers on Post Operative Pain in Single Visit RCT – A Comparative Study
Authors: Saini Ankita , Dheeraj Munish , Johar Suksham , Goyal Shweta , Chahal Simran , Garg Dhruvika
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

To evaluate and compare three different root canal sealers (Endo-Sequence BC, Bio Root RCS and Zinc Oxide Eugenol) on post operative pain in single visit root canal therapies.

Material and Methodology:

60 subjects with age ranging from 18-60 years were randomly selected depending upon the inclusion criteria. The subjects were then divided into three groups with 20 patients in each. In all the patients’ single visit root canal treatment was done followed by obturation using different sealers. In Group I Endo- Sequence sealer was used, in Group II Bio-Root RCS and in Group III Zinc Oxide Eugenol sealers were used respectively.

Results:

statistically significant results were obtained on comparing the efficacy of three groups with Group I proving to be much effect among the three.

Conclusion:

within the limitation of the study it can be concluded that though all the sealers were effective in reducing post-operative pain, patients with Endo Sequence BC sealers evaluated statistically significant results.
WhatsApp as a Tool in Blended Learning in Dental Education
Authors: Prasad Prathibha , Gunasekaran Lalithambigai , Khair Al Moutassem B. , Shetty Raghavendra , Shetty Naresh
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective:

Dental education is unique, with clinical/practical learning much different from other professionals. In dentistry, students are exposed much earlier in their curriculum to patients, performing procedures under direct/indirect supervision. Hence, the present review attempted to assess the standing position of dentistry in blended learning worldwide.

Materials and Methods:

E-learning modality was at its primitive stage as food for thought among educational task force committees, with only a handful of developed and developing countries equipped with it. During this pandemic, “WhatsApp” became a savior, as it was a widely used educational device among dental teachers and students. Furthermore, it was easily applicable in places where there was difficulty in obtaining regular internet bandwidth, especially in remote/rural areas. It is noteworthy that blended learning/e-learning, when complemented with the conventional teaching method, upskill critical thinking and problem-solving capabilities. Blended learning or virtual reality education should be made feasible without disparity, worldwide. Mind training, both students and staff in hybrid e-learning, is the need of the hour not only to keep pace with digitalized dentistry but to prepare the students to face real-world situations.

Conclusion:

The sustainability of dental education should be rethought by dental schools with “Complimented Digital learning” wherever feasible, not only to cope with current trends but also to face unforeseen future challenges.
In-vitro Evaluation of Wild Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) Extracts against Periodontopathic Bacteria (Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis) using Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory and Molecular Docking Analysis
Authors: Peeran Syed Wali , Murugan Manohar , Fageeh Hytham , Ibrahim Wael , Al-Ak’hali Mohammed S , Basheer Syed N. , Mohamed Adel Mohamed Barka
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia) extracts were prepared and their antibacterial and anti-biofilm assay were investigated against two different periodontopathic bacteria (Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis) for the first time to the best of our knowledge based on the presence of different phytochemical compounds. Momordica charantia solvent extracts were prepared and phytochemical analysis was performed. Minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations were determined. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the standard well diffusion method. Anti-inflammatory studies on periodontal ligament (PDL) cell viability and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation were performed. Molecular docking was investigated between the bioactive compound (Charantadiol A) of plant extract and biofilm-expressing genes in each test organism. Phytochemicals from ethanol extract showed promising results; alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins were found present at considerable levels. The minimum inhibitory concentration was found to be 400 μg/mL for Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Antibacterial activity expressed in terms of zone of inhibition showed 14 mm to 18 mm zones against the test organisms. The molecular docking report revealed the maximum binding energy of about −6.54 Kcal/Mol of binding energy between Charantadiol A and fimA of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Anti-biofilm study showed that the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of Momordica charantia expressed significantly good results against the test organisms. The PDL cell viability values expressed in percentage indicated the anti-inflammatory properties of Momordica charantia extracts at three different known concentrations. The findings concluded that Momordica charantia extracts have promising prospects as an anti-periodontopathic and anti-inflammatory agent.
Antimicrobial Activity of Crude Metabolites of Vitis vinifera using Methanol Extract against the Clinical Pathogens
Authors: Karkuzhali Karunanithi , Manivannan N. , Venkatesan Santhosh
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The Vitis vinifera, also known as grapevine, is one of the most widely grown fruit crops in the world and is renowned for producing wine and grapes. Other than their importance in gastronomy and ecology, certain sections of the V. vinifera plant have shown promising bioactive qualities. The numerous phytochemicals in this plant, including flavonoids, stilbenes, and phenolic acids, are what gives its antibacterial and antifungal properties though the antimicrobial properties of seed extract have to be studied, however in this present study we focus on screening and its biological compatibility of seed extracts of V. vinifera.

Methods:

The commercial power of seed (V. vinifera) obtained from local market near Poonamallee, Chennai, India. and the extraction of crude metabolites was done by direction extraction method, the antimicrobial activity was done by well diffusion method, and Minimum Inhibitory concentration was done by CLSI guideline. To check the biocompatibility of crude metabolites was done by hemolytic assay.

Results:

Studies have demonstrated that grapevine extracts and their separated components have potent antibacterial and antifungal effects against a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, including bacterial strains that are resistant to antibiotics. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of the plant’s extracts have demonstrated potential 128 µg/mL for S. aureus, and 256 µg/mL E. faecalis and C. albicans as the best inhibitory concentration. The biological compatibility of crude metabolites shows 3 % of lysis at 512 µg/mL.

Conclusion:

V. vinifera is a prospective source for the creation of novel antimicrobial drugs because of its antibacterial capabilities. To completely understand the chemicals’ mode of action and to create efficient treatments for microbial illnesses, more research is necessary.
Evaluation of In vitro Anti-Cancer Activity of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Phoenix pusilla on Colon Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Bharadwaj Nikhil , Manimuthu Mani Sankar , Vimal S. , Radhakrishnan N.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Cancer rates continue to climb, owing largely to the world population’s aging and growth, as well as economically developing countries, a surge in cancer-causing behavior, particularly smoking. The third or fourth most prevalent type of cancer is colon cancer. Cancer of the large intestine (colon) is one of the primary causes of death from cancer. Colorectal cancer prevention is mostly based on adenomatous disease screening approaches. The cytotoxic and pharmacological properties of Phoenix pusilla are widely documented. As a result, there is little recorded evidence of its cytotoxic activity against colon cancer cells. Therefore, we planned to study the efficacy of a methanolic leaf extract of Phoenix pusilla against in vitro colon cancer cells.

Aim:

To evaluate the anti-cancer effects of the methanolic leaf extract of Phoenix pusilla on colon cancer cell lines.

Materials and Methods:

In vitro screening and anti-cancer effects of the methanolic effect of Phoenix pusilla on colon cancer cell lines were assessed by cell viability assays and cell and nuclear morphological studies. For the in vitro cell culture study, different concentrations of Phoenix pusilla leaf extract (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 μg/ml) were used, and IC50 doses were calculated.

Results:

The results of the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay revealed that the fraction of viability cells significantly decreased in treated cells when compared to untreated control groups, was expressed as 100%, and an inhibitory concentration of μg/ml was identified. A phase-contrast microscope was used to observe cell shrinkage and cytoplasmic membrane blebbing. A fluorescent microscope was used to examine the apoptotic nuclei (internally dyed nuclei, shattered nuclei, and condensed chromatin).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the present study results showed that the leaf extracts of Phoenix pusilla had a strong cytotoxic effect and induced significant apoptosis in the colon cancer cell lines at a concentration of 75 μg/ml in the 24 h incubation period. More research is needed to investigate the extract’s active components as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-cancer properties.