bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk of brain metastases in patients with nonmetastatic lung cancer: Analysis of the Metropolitan Detroit Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data
Authors: Goncalves Priscila H. , Peterson Stephanie L. , Vigneau Fawn D. , Shore Ronald D. , Quarshie William O. , Islam Khairul , Schwartz Ann G. , Wozniak Antoinette J. , Gadgeel Shirish M.
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND

Brain metastases (BM) remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with lung cancer. The current study evaluated population‐based incidence and outcomes of BM in patients with nonmetastatic lung cancer.

METHODS

Patients diagnosed with nonmetastatic first primary lung cancer between 1973 and 2011 in the Metropolitan Detroit Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry were used for the current analysis. Age‐adjusted odds ratios of developing BM based on various demographic characteristics and histology were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Adjusted Cox proportional hazard ratios and log‐rank tests of Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were calculated to evaluate survival differences for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC).

RESULTS

The incidence of BM in patients with nonmetastatic NSCLC and SCLC was 9% and 18%, respectively. There was variation in the incidence of BM according to NCSLC histology. The incidence of BM was higher in patients aged <60 years for both NSCLC and SCLC, but there were no differences noted by race for either histological group. Female patients with NSCLC were more likely to have BM than male patients. There was variation in the proportion of BM in both patients with NSCLC and SCLC over the three 13‐year periods of diagnosis. The risk of death (hazard ratio) was found to be significantly higher for patients with NSCLC with BM, but was not significantly higher in patients with SCLC with BM.

CONCLUSIONS

The incidence of BM in patients with nonmetastatic lung cancer varies according to histology, age, and sex. BM are associated with worse survival for patients with NSCLC but not those with SCLC. Cancer 2016;122:1921–7. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Cytopathologic features of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma: A recently described variant to be considered in the differential diagnosis of clear cell renal epithelial neoplasms
Authors: Sayeed Sadia , Lindsey Kathryn G. , Baras Alexander S. , Jackson Christopher , Powers Celeste N. , Uram‐Tuculescu Cora , Smith Steven C.
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND

Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC) is a distinctive variant of renal cell carcinoma that has been formally adopted by the new Word Health Organization classification. An emerging consensus has documented its particularly indolent course and emphasized its separation from conventional clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) for treatment planning. CCPRCC features in cytologic preparations have not been studied.

METHODS

This study retrospectively identified a series of CCPRCCs that had cytology samples before the histopathologic diagnosis and reviewed corresponding cytologic materials, including aspirate smears, cell block materials, touch preparations, and core biopsy samples. The identified clinicopathologic and cytologic features were tabulated.

RESULTS

Five cases of CCPRCC with cytopathologic materials were identified from 4 women and 1 man aged 34 to 70 years (2 with end‐stage renal disease), and the sampled lesions were 1.8 to 11.0 cm. The original cytopathologic diagnostic considerations ranged from atypical cyst‐lining cells to angiomyolipoma to CCRCC and CCPRCC. The aspirate and touch preparation samples showed scant cellularity with scattered sheets and clusters of small, bland epithelial cells (much smaller than admixed renal tubular cells) with optically clear cytoplasm (lacking conspicuous cytoplasmic vacuolization) and small, grade 1 nuclei. The cell block materials and the core biopsy samples showed cyst walls with prominent myomatous stroma lined by low‐grade epithelium with optically clear cytoplasm, inverse nuclear polarization, and a characteristic cytokeratin 7–positive/carbonic anhydrase IX–positive phenotype. Three cases were treated with resection, 1 case was treated with ablation, and 1 case was under surveillance.

CONCLUSIONS

CCPRCC demonstrates recognizable cytomorphologic features and merits consideration in the cytologic differential diagnosis for kidney lesions. With increasing experience, more conservative management may be contemplated. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:565‐72. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Efficient solvers for coupled models in respiratory mechanics
Authors: Verdugo Francesc , Roth Christian J. , Yoshihara Lena , Wall Wolfgang A.
Published: April 2016

We present efficient preconditioners for one of the most physiologically relevant pulmonary models currently available. Our underlying motivation is to enable the efficient simulation of such a lung model on high‐performance computing platforms in order to assess mechanical ventilation strategies and contributing to design more protective patient‐specific ventilation treatments. The system of linear equations to be solved using the proposed preconditioners is essentially the monolithic system arising in fluid–structure interaction (FSI) extended by additional algebraic constraints. The introduction of these constraints leads to a saddle point problem that cannot be solved with usual FSI preconditioners available in the literature. The key ingredient in this work is to use the idea of the semi‐implicit method for pressure‐linked equations (SIMPLE) for getting rid of the saddle point structure, resulting in a standard FSI problem that can be treated with available techniques. The numerical examples show that the resulting preconditioners approach the optimal performance of multigrid methods, even though the lung model is a complex multiphysics problem. Moreover, the preconditioners are robust enough to deal with physiologically relevant simulations involving complex real‐world patient‐specific lung geometries. The same approach is applicable to other challenging biomedical applications where coupling between flow and tissue deformations is modeled with additional algebraic constraints. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of a Stable and Efficient Antibacterial Nanocoating of Zn‐CuO on Contact Lenses
Authors: Tuby Reut , Gutfreund Shay , Perelshtein Ilana , Mircus Gabriel , Ehrenberg Miriam , Mimouni Michael , Gedanken Aharon , Bahar Irit
Published: April 2016

The problem of bacterial infections in general, and in medical devices in particular, has led to extensive research to produce antibacterial coatings. The current research presents a unique technique for imparting antibacterial properties to contact lenses. The coating consists of nanoparticles of zinc‐doped copper oxide. In the coating process, active nanoparticles are formed and immediately deposited onto the surface of the contact lens. The coating thus formed is homogeneous and stable, without leaching of the nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. The optimization of the coating process has led to a smaller particle size and good antibacterial activity.
Low‐Permeability Poly(ether Ether Ketone)‐Based Ampholytic Membranes
Authors: Narducci Riccardo , Pasquini Luca , Chailan Jean‐François , Knauth Philippe , Di Vona Maria Luisa
Published: April 2016

Ion‐exchange membranes based on sulfonated and sulfaminated poly(ether ether ketone) were prepared by a modified sulfamination route. In a first step, poly(ether ether ketone) was sulfonated. The sulfonic acid groups were then transformed into chlorosulfonic moieties by reaction with thionyl chloride. A proportion of the chlorosulfonic functionalities reacted with dimethylamine to give basic sulfonamide groups, whereas those remaining were hydrolyzed back to sulfonate moieties obtaining, after immersion in acidic solution, an ampholytic polymer. The thermal, mechanical, electrical, and permeability properties of these amphoteric membranes were characterized. These membranes exhibit good thermal and mechanical stability and ultra‐low vanadium ion permeability. The type and value of ion conductivity can be adjusted by the choice of acidic or basic medium. The tunable ion conductivity and the low ion permeability are suitable characteristics for the development of high‐performance separator membranes.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Luminescence Modulation of a Metal–Organic Framework Based on a Cyclotriphosphazene‐Functionalized Multicarboxylate Ligand
Authors: Ling Yajing , Liu Huiming , Jiao Jingjing , Feng Yunlong , He Yabing
Published: April 2016

By using a multicarboxylate ligand consisting of six peripheral 1,3‐benzenedicarboxylalte units connected to the central cyclotriphosphazene ring through a P−O−C spacer, a novel metal–organic framework, [Cd5L(H2O)4]⋅2 (CH3)2NH2⋅6 DMF (L=hexakis(3,5‐dicarboxylatephenyloxy)cyclotriphosphazene), was solvothermally synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal and powder XRD, thermal gravimetric analysis, and IR and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Single‐crystal XRD analyses show that the framework is an anionic 3D network assembled from pentanuclear [Cd5(COO)10] secondary building units and organic linkers. TOPOS software analyses indicate that two alternative simplifications based on the organic linkers can produce five‐connected uninodal bnn‐type topology or novel (2,3,6,10)‐connected five‐nodal topology. Additionally, it is interesting that the luminescence intensity of the complex can be modulated by postsynthetic ion exchange. This study highlights that cyclotriphosphazene‐functionalized multicarboxylates, with the combined advantages of conformation diversity and easy functionalization, are a promising type of organic ligand for the synthesis of metal–organic frameworks with fascinating structures and interesting properties.
Shift in precipitation regime promotes interspecific hybridization of introduced Coffea species
Authors: Gomez Céline , Despinoy Marc , Hamon Serge , Hamon Perla , Salmon Danyela , Akaffou Doffou Sélastique , Legnate Hyacinthe , de Kochko Alexandre , Mangeas Morgan , Poncet Valérie
Published: April 2016

The frequency of plant species introductions has increased in a highly connected world, modifying species distribution patterns to include areas outside their natural ranges. These introductions provide the opportunity to gain new insight into the importance of flowering phenology as a component of adaptation to a new environment. Three Coffea species, C. arabica, C. canephora (Robusta), and C. liberica, native to intertropical Africa have been introduced to New Caledonia. On this archipelago, a secondary contact zone has been characterized where these species coexist, persist, and hybridize spontaneously. We investigated the impact of environmental changes undergone by each species following its introduction in New Caledonia on flowering phenology and overcoming reproductive barriers between sister species. We developed species distribution models and compared both environmental envelopes and climatic niches between native and introduced hybrid zones. Flowering phenology was monitored in a population in the hybrid zone along with temperature and precipitation sequences recorded at a nearby weather station. The extent and nature of hybridization events were characterized using chloroplast and nuclear microsatellite markers. The three Coffea species encountered weak environmental suitability compared to their native ranges when introduced to New Caledonia, especially C. arabica and C. canephora. The niche of the New Caledonia hybrid zone was significantly different from all three species' native niches based on identity tests (I Similarity and D Schoener's Similarity Indexes). This area appeared to exhibit intermediate conditions between the native conditions of the three species for temperature‐related variables and divergent conditions for precipitation‐related ones. Flowering pattern in these Coffea species was shown to have a strong genetic component that determined the time between the triggering rain and anthesis (flower opening), specific to each species. However, a precipitation regime different from those in Africa was directly involved in generating partial flowering overlap between species and thus in allowing hybridization and interspecific gene flow. Interspecific hybrids accounted for 4% of the mature individuals in the sympatric population and occurred between each pair of species with various level of introgression. Adaptation to new environmental conditions following introduction of Coffea species to New Caledonia has resulted in a secondary contact between three related species, which would not have happened in their native ranges, leading to hybridization and gene flow.
Neutral 1,3,5‐Triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane‐Ruthenium(II) Complexes as Precursors for the Preparation of Highly Water‐Soluble Derivatives
Authors: Battistin Federica , Balducci Gabriele , Iengo Elisabetta , Demitri Nicola , Alessio Enzo
Published: April 2016

The monodentate phosphane ligand 1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane (PTA) imparts excellent water solubility to its complexes. We aimed to prepare precursors with one or more PTA coligands for solubility and one or more labile ligands for facile replacement by a linker. For this purpose, we investigated the reactivity of the neutral isomers trans‐ and cis‐RuCl2(PTA)4 (1 and 2) towards 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy), as a model chelating diimine linker. The new derivatives mer‐[Ru(bpy)Cl(PTA)3]Cl (9) and fac‐[Ru(bpy)Cl(PTA)3]Cl (10) were prepared and characterized. We also found that PTA reacts rapidly with cis,fac‐RuCl2(dmso‐O)(dmso‐S)3 (11) and trans‐RuCl2(dmso‐S)4 (13) under mild conditions through the replacement of pairs of mutually trans dmso ligands with high selectivity, even when in stoichiometric defect. Thus, 11 affords cis,cis,trans‐RuCl2(dmso‐S)2(PTA)2 (12), whereas 13 gives 1. The two dmso ligands of 12 can be replaced selectively by chelating diimines such as bpy to afford the less symmetrical all‐cis product cis,cis‐Ru(bpy)Cl2(PTA)2 (16).
MALDI‐SpiralTOF technology for assessment of triacylglycerols in Croatian olive oils
Authors: Peršurić Željka , Osuga Junichi , Galinac Grbac Tihana , Peter‐Katalinić Jasna , Kraljević Pavelić Sandra
Published: April 2016

Traceability and authenticity of olive oils in Croatia were probed by a versatile analytical approach using spiral MALDI‐TOF MS system for the triacylglycerol (TAG) analysis. Molecular ion patterns were shown to represent specific data for statistical analysis, in which differences of cultivar regions of Croatian coast were recognized. This pilot project allows indications to be followed in high throughput procedures with high number of samples to get statistically relevant data for discrimination of olive oils from different geographic sites. Additionally, the fragmentation in the TOF/TOF MS provided distinct highly valuable data for assignment of acyl residues. In this way molecular species with different fatty acid substituents can be clearly assigned and possible isomeric mixtures identified.

Practical applications: Olive oil TAG analysis is important to determine authenticity of olive oil and detect adulteration. This work shows that spiral MALDI‐TOF MS analysis of TAG composition is a promising method for tracing geographical differences in olive oils.

Triacylglycerol composition of Croatian extra virgin olive oils was determined by spiral MALDI‐TOF MS technology. Obtained data were analyzed by Principal Components Analysis to establish relations between TAG composition and geographical origin and proved useful for assessment of Croatian olive oil origin.
Preparation of Cocrystals of 1,4‐Diimidazolylbutadiene with a Template Molecule and Dependence of the Cocrystal Photochemical Products on Wavelength
Authors: Meng Fanxing , Min Jing , Wang Chunyu , Wang Liyan
Published: April 2016

A cocrystal of (1E,3E)‐1,4‐di(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)buta‐1,3‐diene (DIBD) with 5‐methoxyresorcinol, a DIBD crystal and a DIBD monohydrate crystal were prepared and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The cocrystal satisfies Schmidt's topochemical postulate for photodimerization, whereas the other two crystals do not. The DIBD in the cocrystal was irradiated with 313.5 nm light to produce a dimer (a divinylcyclobutane derivative) in high yield through a [2+2] cycloaddition reaction. This dimer then underwent a Cope rearrangement by heating to produce a second dimer, a cyclooctadiene derivative. This second dimer can also be obtained by irradiating the cocrystal with a broadband Hg lamp without an optical filter. It was found that 257 nm light is critical for formation of the second dimer. The dependence of the photochemical products on wavelength may originate from the characteristic UV absorption.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Amination of C‐5 Bromoimidazo[2,1‐b]­[1,3,4]­thiadiazoles
Authors: Copin Chloé , Buron Frédéric , Routier Sylvain
Published: April 2016

A new and efficient palladium‐catalyzed amination of imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazole at the C‐5 position under microwave irradiation is reported. The reactivity toward bromine release at the C‐5 position was investigated, and palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling conditions were optimized. A wide range of amines was employed to examine the scope and limitations of the method. To complete this methodological study, the influence of the nature and the positions of additional imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazole substitutions was investigated.
Analgesic effects of navigated motor cortex rTMS in patients with chronic neuropathic pain
Authors: Ayache S.S. , Ahdab R. , Chalah M.A. , Farhat W.H. , Mylius V. , Goujon C. , Sorel M. , Lefaucheur J.‐P.
Published: April 2016

Background

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can relieve neuropathic pain when applied at high frequency (HF: 5–20 Hz) over the primary motor cortex (M1), contralateral to pain side. In most studies, rTMS is delivered over the hand motor hot spot (hMHS), whatever pain location. Navigation systems have been developed to guide rTMS targeting, but their value to improve rTMS efficacy remains to be demonstrated.

Objective

To compare the analgesic efficacy of HF‐rTMS targeting the hMHS (non‐navigated procedure) or the M1 representation of the pain region (navigated procedure).

Methods

The analgesic effect of a single session of 10 Hz‐rTMS of M1 was assessed in 66 patients with neuropathic pain of various causes and locations, according to three conditions: sham or active non‐navigated rTMS of the hMHS and active navigated rTMS of the pain region.

Results

Pain was relieved by both active rTMS conditions, and not by sham. Pain location influenced the results: upper or lower limb pain was significantly relieved, but not facial or hemibody pain. Pain relief lasted 1 week only after navigated rTMS, compared to sham.

Conclusion

Navigation may improve HF‐rTMS efficacy in patients with limb pain, whereas targeting remains to be optimized for more diffuse or facial pain.

What does this study add?

To produce analgesic effects, HF‐rTMS should be applied over the precentral cortex contralaterally to the painful side. Although the hMHS is the target normally chosen for stimulation, the optimal target has not been defined yet. Neuronavigational methods have been recently developed; they allow the integration of MRI data and are thought to improve rTMS efficacy.
Evaluation of genotoxicity of general anesthesia maintained with desflurane in patients under minor surgery
Authors: Nogueira Flávia R. , Braz Leandro G. , de Andrade Leonardo R. , de Carvalho Ana Lygia R. , Vane Luiz A. , Módolo Norma Sueli P. , Aun Aline G. , Souza Kátina M. , Braz José Reinaldo C. , Braz Mariana G.
Published: April 2016

There is controversy over the genotoxic effects of volatile anesthetics. The available literature on the genotoxicity of desflurane, one of the newest volatile halogenated agents used for general anesthesia maintenance, is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic potential of desflurane in 15 patients without comorbidities, of both sexes, who underwent minor surgeries lasting at least 90 min. Patients enrolled in the study received desflurane anesthesia (6%); blood samples were collected before anesthesia induction (T0), 90 min after the beginning of anesthesia (T1), and on the day following surgery (T2). DNA damage was evaluated in lymphocytes using the alkaline comet assay. We found statistically significant increases in DNA damage in T2 samples compared to T0. The findings suggest that desflurane anesthesia induces DNA strand breaks/alkali‐labile sites on the day after minimally invasive surgery in healthy patients. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:312–316, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Shale Gas: A Review of the Economic, Environmental, and Social Sustainability
Authors: Cooper Jasmin , Stamford Laurence , Azapagic Adisa
Published: April 2016

The growth of the shale gas industry in the US has raised expectations that other nations could boost domestic gas production, leading to lower energy prices and improved energy security. However, the degree to which the US experience is transferable to other countries is uncertain. Furthermore, sustainability implications of shale gas development remain largely unknown. In an attempt to find out if and how shale gas could be exploited in a sustainable way, this paper reviews the economic, environmental, and social aspects of shale gas. These include costs, energy security, employment, water and land pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, earthquakes, and public perception. The literature suggests that it is possible to develop shale gas in a sustainable way, but its future will depend on the industry being able to address the environmental concerns, the political will to see the industry through to maturity, and public support, with the latter most likely being the biggest determinant.
3D Interconnected Porous Graphene Sheets Loaded with Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles for Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Puthusseri Dhanya , Aravindan Vanchiappan , Madhavi Srinivasan , Ogale Satishchandra
Published: April 2016

Nanomaterials with high surface‐to‐volume ratio and tunable electronic and optical properties have expanded their use in variety of applications, especially energy conversion and storage. Here we report on the synthesis of a cobalt oxide (Co3O4)/3D‐interconnected porous graphene (PG) nanocomposite by using a simple solvothermal route and its application as a Li‐ion battery anode. Among the different compositions investigated, the composite PG‐600 (with 50 % PG) showed a discharge capacity of 700 mAh g−1 at a current density of 500 mA g−1 and maintained 90 % retention after 80 cycles. The high surface area of the 3D PG sheets helps the Co3O4 nanoparticles to form a uniform dispersion on the surfaces. The increased surface area (accessibility) and electrical conductivity of the composite result in significant enhancement in the capacity, cycling stability, and rate capability than the native Co3O4 phase.
A Narrative Review of Outcome Studies for Residential and Partial Hospital‐based Treatment of Eating Disorders
Authors: Friedman Keren , Ramirez Ana L. , Murray Stuart B. , Anderson Leslie K. , Cusack Anne , Boutelle Kerri N. , Kaye Walter H.
Published: April 2016

Objective

The objective of this study was to review the current eating disorders outcome literature after residential or partial hospitalization programme (PHP) treatment.

Method

Articles were identified through a systematic search of PubMed and PsycINFO.

Results

Twenty‐two PHP and six residential treatment studies reported response at discharge and tended to find improvement. Fewer studies (nine PHP and three residential) reported outcome at some interval after discharge from treatment. These tended to find sustained improvement. A substantial proportion of patients were lost to follow‐up, particularly for residential treatment. Only two follow‐up studies used controlled trials; both showed efficacy for PHP compared with inpatient treatment with regard to maintaining symptom remission.

Conclusions

Improvement at discharge may not predict long‐term outcome. Long‐term follow‐up studies were confounded by high dropout rates. While higher levels of care may be essential for reversing malnutrition, there remains a lack of controlled trials showing long‐term efficacy, particularly for residential treatment settings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Parent and conjugated estrogens and progestagens in surface water of the Santa Ana River: Determination, occurrence, and risk assessment
Authors: Ma Li , Yates Scott R. , Ashworth Daniel
Published: April 2016

The present study investigated the occurrence of 13 parent and conjugated estrogens and progestagens in surface water of the Santa Ana River. With the exception of the synthetic hormones 17α-ethynylestradiol and mestranol, other compounds were detected at least twice at 10 representative sites, with the ubiquitous estrone (E1) and 17β-estradiol-3-sulfate as the dominant compounds quantified (0.24–6.37 ng/L and 0.49–9.25 ng/L, respectively). Sites near dairy farms exhibited high levels of conjugates, whereas those close to a sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent outlet displayed relatively high concentrations of E1. Principle component analysis coupled with multiple linear regression revealed dairy farms and the STP as the 2 significant contamination sources, accounting for 69.9% and 31.1% of the total hormone burden, respectively. Risk assessment results suggested E1 and 17β-estradiol (E2) as the 2 hormones with the largest risks to aquatic organisms, and which combined, contributed >90% of the total estrogenicity. Most of the sites investigated showed that E1 and E2 posed a medium risk (0.1 < risk quotient < 1), whereas each induced a high risk (risk quotient >1) at sites severely impacted by the STP and dairy farms. These results suggest that river health would benefit from effective treatment of waste at the STP and dairy farms prior to discharge. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2657–2664. © 2016 SETAC
The evaluation of 3 diets for rearing Hyalella azteca and the influence of diet on acute ammonia toxicity
Authors: Kennedy Lisa M. , Watson-Leung Trudy L. , Poirier David G.
Published: April 2016

Three Hyalella azteca cultures were reared on different diets since birth, reflecting the recommended diets of various investigators. The 3 diets consisted of fish flakes (FF), a mixture of fish flakes supplemented with the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii (FF-D), and a mixture of fish flakes supplemented with yeast, cereal grass media, and trout chow (FF-YCT). The 3 diets were evaluated by comparing 20 wk of culturing data, along with the organism's response to standard 96-h toxicity testing with ammonium chloride over a range of pH and temperature. Hyalella azteca fed the FF-D diet had the highest overall survival rate (96.6%, standard deviation [SD] 4.3%) compared to those fed the FF diet (92.0%, SD 12.7%), or the FF-YCT diet (91.1%, SD 14.8%), although difference in survival was not statistically significant. Organisms fed the FF-D diet produced a higher number of young per week per adult (6.1, SD 2.8) than the FF diet (5.1, SD 2.2), or the FF-YCT diet (4.0, SD 1.2), although differences were not statistically significant. Of the diets evaluated, H. azteca reared on the FF-D diet were often significantly more resistant to total and un-ionized ammonia toxicity in acute 96-h testing than those reared on the other 2 diets across the 2 temperatures and 5 pHs tested, suggesting this may be the most optimal diet for this species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2416–2424. © 2016 SETAC
Resource allocation and congestion control in clustered M2M communication using Q‐learning
Authors: Hussain Fatima , Anpalagan Alagan , Khwaja Ahmed Shaharyar , Naeem Muhammad
Published: April 2016

In this paper, we apply a Q‐learning algorithm to carry out slot assignment for machine type communication devices (MTCDs) in machine‐to‐machine communication. We first make use of a K‐means clustering algorithm to overcome the congestion problem in an machine‐to‐machine network where each MTCD is associated with one controller. Subsequently, we formulate the slot selection problem as an optimisation problem. Then, we present a solution using the Q‐learning algorithm to select conflict‐free slot assignment in a random access network with MTCD controllers. The performance of the solution is dependent on parameters such as learning rate and reward. We thoroughly analyse the performance of the proposed algorithm considering different parameters related to its operation. The convergence time, that is, the time required to reach a solution, decreases with increasing value of learning rate, whereas the convergence probability increases. In addition, for smaller values of learning rate, the convergence time decreases with increasing reward values. We also compare with simple ALOHA and channel‐based scheduled allocation and show that the proposed Q‐learning‐based technique has a higher probability of assigning slots compared with these techniques. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consistent Estimation in Mendelian Randomization with Some Invalid Instruments Using a Weighted Median Estimator
Authors: Bowden Jack , Davey Smith George , Haycock Philip C. , Burgess Stephen
Published: April 2016

Developments in genome‐wide association studies and the increasing availability of summary genetic association data have made application of Mendelian randomization relatively straightforward. However, obtaining reliable results from a Mendelian randomization investigation remains problematic, as the conventional inverse‐variance weighted method only gives consistent estimates if all of the genetic variants in the analysis are valid instrumental variables. We present a novel weighted median estimator for combining data on multiple genetic variants into a single causal estimate. This estimator is consistent even when up to 50% of the information comes from invalid instrumental variables. In a simulation analysis, it is shown to have better finite‐sample Type 1 error rates than the inverse‐variance weighted method, and is complementary to the recently proposed MR‐Egger (Mendelian randomization‐Egger) regression method. In analyses of the causal effects of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol on coronary artery disease risk, the inverse‐variance weighted method suggests a causal effect of both lipid fractions, whereas the weighted median and MR‐Egger regression methods suggest a null effect of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol that corresponds with the experimental evidence. Both median‐based and MR‐Egger regression methods should be considered as sensitivity analyses for Mendelian randomization investigations with multiple genetic variants.
U–Pb zircon geochronology and geochemistry of Late Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic igneous rocks of the Bujinhei area: implications for the tectonic evolution of south Great Xing'an Range
Authors: Zhang Xuebing , Wang Keyong , Wang Chengyang , Fu Lijuan , Zhang Miao , Wang Yicun , Wang Zhigao
Published: April 2016

The Bujinhei region, situated in the southern reach of the Great Xing'an Range, has experienced multistage tectonic‐magmatic activities, which have led to the formation of different stages and types of magmatic rocks. LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb dating was performed, and geochemical data were obtained for magmatic rocks samples from the Bujinhei area to analyse the times of magmatic rocks and their tectonic setting. Zircon U–Pb dating indicates that Middle Permian (269.8 Ma) magmatic event formed two‐mica granite, and Middle Jurassic (158–170 Ma) magmatic events formed monzogranite, quartz monzonite‐porphyry and granite porphyry. Chemical analyses indicate that the Middle Permian two‐mica granite is S‐type granite, rich in SiO2, Al2O3and K2O and low in Na2O, A/CNK > 1. Middle Jurassic monzogranite is a metaluminous I‐type granite, rich in SiO2, Al2O3and K2O and low in Na2O and CaO. Quartz monzonite porphyry and granite porphyry are high in K2O and peraluminous and derived from a granitic liquid as a result of strong interaction with hydrothermal fluid during the late magmatic stage; they have high Zr saturation temperature and belong to A‐type granites. Geochemically, two‐mica granite formed in a compressional tectonic regime related to collision, whereas Middle Jurassic intrusive rocks have affinities with intrusive rocks from the extensional environment influenced by post‐collision. Therefore, the southern Great Xing'an Range has experienced the collisional orogenesis of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt in the Middle Permian, whereas in the Middle Jurassic, the southern Great Xing'an Range turned into a post‐collision extensional setting influenced by the Mongol–Okhotsk tectonic regime. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Out‐of‐synchrony speech entrainment in developmental dyslexia
Authors: Molinaro Nicola , Lizarazu Mikel , Lallier Marie , Bourguignon Mathieu , Carreiras Manuel
Published: April 2016

Developmental dyslexia is a reading disorder often characterized by reduced awareness of speech units. Whether the neural source of this phonological disorder in dyslexic readers results from the malfunctioning of the primary auditory system or damaged feedback communication between higher‐order phonological regions (i.e., left inferior frontal regions) and the auditory cortex is still under dispute. Here we recorded magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals from 20 dyslexic readers and 20 age‐matched controls while they were listening to ∼10‐s‐long spoken sentences. Compared to controls, dyslexic readers had (1) an impaired neural entrainment to speech in the delta band (0.5–1 Hz); (2) a reduced delta synchronization in both the right auditory cortex and the left inferior frontal gyrus; and (3) an impaired feedforward functional coupling between neural oscillations in the right auditory cortex and the left inferior frontal regions. This shows that during speech listening, individuals with developmental dyslexia present reduced neural synchrony to low‐frequency speech oscillations in primary auditory regions that hinders higher‐order speech processing steps. The present findings, thus, strengthen proposals assuming that improper low‐frequency acoustic entrainment affects speech sampling. This low speech‐brain synchronization has the strong potential to cause severe consequences for both phonological and reading skills. Interestingly, the reduced speech‐brain synchronization in dyslexic readers compared to normal readers (and its higher‐order consequences across the speech processing network) appears preserved through the development from childhood to adulthood. Thus, the evaluation of speech‐brain synchronization could possibly serve as a diagnostic tool for early detection of children at risk of dyslexia. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2767–2783, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association of the upregulated expression of focal adhesion kinase with poor prognosis and tumor dissemination in hypopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Omura Go , Ando Mizuo , Saito Yuki , Kobayashi Kenya , Yoshida Masafumi , Ebihara Yasuhiro , Kanaya Kaori , Fujimoto Chisato , Sakamoto Takashi , Kondo Kenji , Asakage Takahiro , Yamasoba Tatsuya
Published: April 2016

Background

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) plays an important role in tumor metastasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the significance of FAK expression in surgically treated patients with hypopharyngeal cancer.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical charts of patients treated at our institution between 2004 and 2012 and identified 87 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer. FAK expression status was retrospectively evaluated using immunohistochemistry.

Results

FAK‐positive patients displayed significantly worse disease‐specific survival than FAK‐negative patients (p = .001). Multivariate analyses revealed that FAK positivity and extracapsular spread (ECS) were independent, significant adverse prognostic factors. Furthermore, FAK positivity significantly correlated with the number of metastatic lymph nodes (p = .048), and FAK‐positive patients displayed a higher incidence of distant metastases (p = .009).

Conclusion

The current study demonstrated that upregulated FAK expression correlates with poor prognosis and tumor dissemination in surgically treated patients with hypopharyngeal cancer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38:1164–1169, 2016
Brachytherapy after salvage surgery in cases with large isolated cervical recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma in the previously irradiated neck
Authors: Miroir Jessica , Biau Julian , Saroul Nicolas , Moreira Jean‐François , Russier Marc , Lapeyre Michel
Published: April 2016

Background

Perioperative brachytherapy after salvage surgery is a therapeutic option in patients with cervical relapse of a primary, controlled, previously irradiated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcome of this treatment.

Methods

Between 2008 and 2013, 8 patients underwent cervical brachytherapy after neck dissection. The mean node size was 5.5 cm. Recurrence occurred in an irradiated field (median dose, 50 Gy). Brachytherapy was performed with 192iridium and dosimetry in accord with the rules of the Paris system. The dose was 60 to 62.7 Gy on the reference isodose.

Results

The mean follow‐up was 17 months. The median overall survival (OS) was 12 months. The OS was 19% at 2 years and 0% at 5 years. A grade 5 postoperative adverse event occurred in 1 patient. At 6 months, all patients had a grade 3 neck soft tissue fibrosis. One patient had a lethal hemorrhage at 56 months.

Conclusion

Brachytherapy is toxic in this population with poor OS. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2490–E2494, 2016
Historical compliance rates for providing postoperative radiotherapy in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hinther Ashley , Nakoneshny Steven C. , Dort Joseph C. , Chandarana Shamir P. , Matthews T. Wayne
Published: April 2016

Background

In 2014, Alberta Health Services released guidelines for treating oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed to assess the historical selection of patients with OSCC for postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in a prospectively collected cohort of patients being treated with primary surgery. The primary outcome was compliance with the 2014 Alberta Health Services (AHS) guideline recommendations for PORT. The secondary outcome was the selection of PORT according to published pathological indications of high, intermediate, and low risk of recurrence. Reasons for discordance were analyzed.

Result

Noncompliance with the new AHS guidelines and published indications for PORT was observed in 17% and 30% of cases, respectively. The reasons for discordance with published indications included: clinician decision (n = 41) and unmodifiable factors (n = 17).

Conclusion

The impact of noncompliance on patient outcomes is being studied. The effect of the publication of the guidelines on selection for PORT going forward will be monitored. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: First–1529, 2016
Prognostic value of FDG‐PET volumetric parameters in patients with p16‐positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma who received curative resection followed by postoperative radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Kim Kyung Hwan , Lee Jeongshim , Chang Jee Suk , Lee Chang Geol , Yun Mijin , Choi Eun Chang , Kim Se‐Heon , Keum Ki Chang
Published: April 2016

Background

The purpose of this study was to determine whether pretreatment 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) volumetric parameters add more prognostic information to p16‐positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 86 patients with p16‐positive oropharyngeal SCC who underwent surgery and postoperative radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were measured.

Results

Higher total MTV (tMTV), nodal MTV (nMTV), and tumor TLG (tTLG) were significantly associated with lower disease‐free survival (DFS) (all p < .05) and higher distant metastasis rates (all p < .05). Multivariate analysis of DFS revealed that tMTV (p = .032), nMTV (p = .004), and tTLG (p = .018) were independently significant prognosticators.

Conclusion

Patients with p16‐positive disease with high metabolic tumor burden were associated with higher distant metastasis rates, translating into worse survival. These patients may not be optimal candidates for treatment deintensification. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: First–1524, 2016
Three New Chalcones from the Aerial Parts of Angelica keiskei
Authors: Kil Yun‐Seo , Kwon Jaeyoung , Lee Dongho , Seo Eun Kyoung
Published: April 2016

Three new chalcones, 3′‐carboxymethyl‐4,2′‐dihydroxy‐4′‐methoxychalcone (1), (±)‐4,2′,4′‐trihydroxy‐3′‐[(3‐hydroxy‐2,2‐dimethyl‐6‐methylenecyclohexyl)methyl]chalcone (2), and 2′′‐hydroxyangelichalcone (3), were isolated from the aerial parts of Angelica keiskei (Umbelliferae) together with five known compounds, artocarmitin A (4), (+)‐cis‐(3′R,4′R)‐methylkhellactone (5), (−)‐trans‐(3′R,4′S)‐methylkhellactone (6), 3,4‐dihydroxanthotoxin (7), and (Z)‐p‐coumaryl alcohol (8). The known compounds 4 – 8 were identified from A. keiskei for the first time. The structures of 1 – 3 were elucidated by interpreting spectroscopic data including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR.
Self‐Determined Feedback Seeking: The Role of Perceived Supervisor Autonomy Support
Authors: Beenen Gerard , Pichler Shaun , Levy Paul E.
Published: April 2016

We use self‐determination theory (SDT) as a framework for investigating how perceived autonomy‐supportive supervision positively influences conditions that motivate newcomer subordinates to engage in feedback seeking. Based on data collected from MBA interns at two time periods, perceived autonomy support predicted task autonomy, informal supervisor feedback, and subordinate relationship building, and the latter two mediated the relationship between autonomy support and feedback seeking. Our study provides an SDT perspective on newcomer socialization by highlighting the important role supervisor support for autonomy can play in motivating feedback seeking as a proactive socialization tactic. Organizations and human resources management professionals should consider including training around autonomy support in supervisory training programs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reach‐scale contributions of road‐surface sediment to the Honna River, Haida Gwaii, BC
Authors: Reid David A. , Hassan Marwan A. , Floyd William
Published: April 2016

Gravel road surfaces can be a major source of fine sediment to streams, yet their contribution to channel reach sediment balances remains poorly documented. To quantify the input of road surface material and to compare this input with natural sediment sources at the reach scale, suspended sediment dynamics was examined and a 16‐month sediment balance was developed for a ~35 channel‐width (approx. 425 m) reach of the Honna River, a medium‐size, road‐affected stream located in coastal British Columbia. Of the 105 ± 33 t of suspended material passing through the reach, 18 ± 6% was attributed to the road surface. The high availability of sediment on the road surface appears to limit hysteresis in road run‐off. During rainstorms that increase streamflow, road surface material composed 0.5–15% of sediment inputs during relatively dry conditions from April to the end of September and 5–70% through wetter conditions from October to the end of March, but our data do not show evidence of major sediment accumulation on the riverbed in the reach. A comparison of modelled sediment production on the road surface with observed yields from drainage channels suggests that (1) during low intensity rainfall, ditches and drainage channels may trap sediment from road run‐off, which is subsequently released during events of greater intensity, and/or (2) production models do not effectively describe processes, such as deposition or erosion of sediment in ditches, which control sediment transport and delivery. Our findings further emphasize the risk of unpaved roads in polluting river systems and highlight the continued need for careful road design and location away from sensitive aquatic environments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk of solid tumors and hematological malignancy in persons with Turner and Klinefelter syndromes: A national cohort study
Authors: Ji Jianguang , Zöller Bengt , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina
Published: April 2016

The risk of solid and hematological malignancy in patients with Turner syndrome, characterized by X chromosome monosomy in women, and Klinefelter syndrome, characterized with two and more X chromosomes in men, is not well established, but such evidence may have etiological implications on cancer development. We identified a total of 1,409 women with Turner syndrome and 1,085 men with Klinefelter syndrome from the Swedish Hospital Discharge and Outpatient Register. These individuals were further linked to the Swedish Cancer Register to examine the standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of cancer using the general population without Turner and Klinefelter syndromes as reference. The overall risk of cancer was 1.34 for women with Turner syndrome; it was increased only for solid tumors. For a specific type of tumor, the risk of melanoma and central nervous system tumor was significantly increased. For persons with Klinefelter syndrome, the risk of solid tumors was decreased (SIR = 0.66), whereas the risk of hematological malignancy was increased (SIR = 2.72). Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and leukemia showed an increased SIR of 3.02 and 3.62, respectively. Our study supported the hypothesis that X chromosome plays an important role in the etiology of solid tumors. The underlying mechanisms for the increased incidence of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and leukemia in persons with Klinefelter syndrome need to be investigated further.
Penalized Quantile Regression with Semiparametric Correlated Effects: An Application with Heterogeneous Preferences
Authors: Harding Matthew , Lamarche Carlos
Published: April 2016

This paper proposes new ℓ1‐penalized quantile regression estimators for panel data, which explicitly allows for individual heterogeneity associated with covariates. Existing fixed‐effects estimators can potentially suffer from three limitations which are overcome by the proposed approach: (i) incidental parameters bias in nonlinear models with large N and small T; (ii) lack of efficiency; and (iii) inability to estimate the effects of time‐invariant regressors. We conduct Monte Carlo simulations to assess the small‐sample performance of the new estimators and provide comparisons of new and existing penalized estimators in terms of quadratic loss. We apply the technique to an empirical example of the estimation of consumer preferences for nutrients from a demand model using a large transaction‐level dataset of household food purchases. We show that preferences for nutrients vary across the conditional distribution of expenditure and across genders, and emphasize the importance of fully capturing consumer heterogeneity in demand modeling. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.