bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPERIENCE OF COOPERATION BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin (Russia), Shukusheva Ye.V.
Published: October 2021

With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan) faced certain difficulties caused by the so-called "shortage" of qualified personnel and the need to modernize the educational system in these countries, inherited from the USSR. Since education was the dominant factor in the development of the economy for the newly independent new republics. And one of the main conditions for the integration of the educational systems of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan into the international higher education zone was international cooperation with the European Union. The article presents the experience of cooperation between the European Union and the Central Asian countries in the field of education, on the example of the participation of the Central Asian region in the educational programs of the European Union (Tempus, Erasmus Mundus, Erasmus+, Jean Monnet). The relevance of the research topic is determined by the role of higher education in bilateral cooperation between the European Union and the Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan). The purpose of the study is to reveal the peculiarities of the development of educational cooperation between the European Union and Central Asia, in the context of the implementation of EU educational programs in the region. The main conclusions of the study were the presented indicators of participation of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan in the EU educational programs, which had a significant impact on the reform of educational systems in the countries of the region and contributed to the further development of partnerships between EU universities and Central Asian countries.
THE SPACE OF RUMORS IN THE PSKOV PROVINCE IN THE FIRST THIRD OF THE XIX CENTURY
Authors:   Pskov State University (Russia), Koshelkov V.A.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the history, geography and content of the rumors circulating among the inhabitants of the Pskov province in the first third of the XIX century. The historiography and source base on this problem are studied. The documents revealing the content of the rumors are concentrated in the files of the 20 Fund of the State Archive of the Pskov Region. Based on the analysis of these sources, a periodization of the rumor circulation was made. The main periods of spreading rumors in the Pskov province include July – August 1812, 1822–1826, 1826–1830, and the beginning of the 1830s. The author identifies the reasons that prompted the emergence of rumors among the residents of the Pskov Region. The reaction of the ordinary population of the province to the war rumors of 1812 is revealed on separate examples. Special attention is also paid to the reaction of the provincial authorities to the spread of false rumors in all periods of their circulation. The author draws conclusions about the high importance of rumors in the study of the history of the social space of the Pskov province in the first third of the XIX century. The work is relevant due to the fact that it is in recent decades that the attention of the historical community to the issues of social history has significantly increased. The uniqueness of this study lies in the fact that a number of historical sources are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.
THE ANGLO-AMERICAN COALITIONAL INTERACTION IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR AS ONE OF THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC UNION FORMATION
Authors:   Academician I.G. Petrovskii Bryansk State University (Russia), Marchenkov R.R.
Published: October 2021

This article highlights the main milestones of Anglo-American coalition cooperation during the Second World War. The military-political aspect of cooperation is touched upon. An approach to the fusion of military mechanisms through the development of the idea of the qualitative use of the forces and means of the allies in compliance with the principle of unity of command is considered. It is concluded that certain fruits of cooperation between the Western allies, primarily within the framework of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, are taken into account in the post-war world. In addition, this article focuses on the position of the United Kingdom in terms of building a post-war security system.
PANDEMIA DA COVID-19: indicadores do impacto na saúde mental de adolescentes
Authors: Binotto Bruna Taís , Goulart Cláudia Maria Teixeira , Pureza Juliana da Rosa
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is imposing major changes in the psychosocial environment of the affected countries, impacting their whole population. The aim of this article is to analyze adolescents’ anxiety, stress and depression levels during the COVID-19 pandemic and to correlate anxiety, stress and depression levels with the adolescents’ perception about the impact of the pandemic in their lives. The research was quantitative, correlational and cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 77 brazilian adolescentes, between the ages of 12 and 18 who accepted to participate in the online research. All the ethical procedures were adopted and the participants were asked to answer a sociodemographic questionnaire, a questionnaire composed of specific questions related to their perception about the impact of the pandemic, and the DASS-21 scale. The data analysis showed symptoms considered extremely severe and severe of anxiety in 33,8% of the adolescents, of depression in 36,4% and stress in 36,1%. These symptoms were positively correlated to feelings of helplessness in mental health care and family conflicts. These results show that the pandemic can be faced by adolescents as a complicated period that can cause suffering, intensifying their vulnerabilities and limiting access to support systems.
Awareness, views and experiences of Citizen Science among Swedish researchers — two surveys
Authors: Bína Pavel , Brounéus Fredrik , Kasperowski Dick , Hagen Niclas , Bergman Martin , Bohlin Gustav , Jönsson Mari , Coulson Stephen , Hofmeester Tim
Published: October 2021

In 2021 Sweden’s first national portal for citizen science will be launched to help researchers practice sustainable and responsible citizen science with different societal stakeholders. This paper present findings from two surveys on attitudes and experiences of citizen science among researchers at Swedish universities. Both surveys provided input to the development of the national portal, for which researchers are a key stakeholder group. The first survey (n=636) was exclusively focused on citizen science and involved researchers and other personnel at Swedish University of Agricultural Science (SLU). 63% of respondents at SLU had heard about citizen science (CS) prior to the survey; however a majority of these (61%) had not been involved in any CS initiative themselves. Dominant reasons for researchers choosing a CS approach in projects were to enable collection of large amounts of data (68%), improving the knowledge base (59%), improving data quality (25%), promote participants’ understanding in research (21%) and promote collaboration between the university and society (20%). The other survey (n=3 699) was on the broader topic of communication and open science, including questions on CS, and was distributed to researchers from all Swedish universities. 61% of respondents had not been engaged in any research projects where volunteers were involved in the process. A minority of the researchers had participated in projects were volunteers had collected data (18%), been involved in internal or external communication (16%), contributed project ideas (14%) and/or formulated research questions (11%). Nearly four out of ten respondents (37%) had heard about CS prior to the survey. The researchers were more positive towards having parts of the research process open to citizen observation, rather than open to citizen influence/participation. Our results show that CS is a far from well-known concept among Swedish researchers. And while those who have heard about CS are generally positive towards it, researchers overall are hesitant to invite citizens to take part in the research process.
ECSA Special Issue
Authors: Hecker Susanne , Haklay Mordechai , Balli Enrico M. , Woods Tim
Published: October 2021

Over 500 delegates took part in the third international ECSA conference in September 2020. Across 30 sessions, as well as keynote talks, e-poster presentations and more informal settings, they discussed and debated a diverse range of subjects related to citizen science. This special edition of ‘JCOM’ brings together some of the central themes that were under the spotlight at ECSA 2020. Since ECSA 2020 has been one of the first examples of a conference that moved completely online, and it has been considered a big success, we also include the Conference Report, as supplementary material with this editorial.
EL CONTROL DE PRECIOS Y LA INTERVENCIÓN EXTERNA DE LOS CONTRATOS EN EL DERECHO CHILENO
Authors: Alcalde Jaime , Goldenberg Juan
Published: October 2021

El presente trabajo ofrece una presentación general sobre la técnica del control de precios y los casos en que se admite la intervención externa de los contratos en el derecho chileno. El cambio de paradigma desde una noción “cerrada” de contrato a otra “abierta” trajo consigo el reemplazo de la justicia conmutativa por la justicia procedimental. Esto supuso que el ordenamiento reaccionase mediante distintos expedientes para introducir correctivos de equidad. Nace así el “contrato dirigido” y, más adelante, diversos órdenes públicos de protecciones para ciertos grupos de contratantes. Como el derecho chileno no contiene una regla general sobre el control judicial del contenido contractual, y tampoco contempla el cambio sobrevenido de circunstancias, la materia se debe abordar de manera fraccionada, comenzando por el tratamiento de la lesión enorme en el Código Civil, prosiguiendo por la represión penal de la usura, la institucionalidad para supervisar el funcionamiento del comercio y los medios de tutela existentes en sede concursal. Especial mención merece el derecho del consumo, aunque tampoco dicha disciplina sectorial es demasiado explícita sobre la profundidad de la intervención del juez frente a una cláusula abusiva. Finalmente, no existe en Chile un reconocimiento general de las condiciones generales de contratación.
The Salvation for a Nihilist: N. N. Strakhov’s Ideas About A. I. Herzen
Authors: Jiangang Zhu
Published: October 2021

Herzen is always presented primarily as a revolutionary aristocrat and admirer of Western Europe. However, Herzen quickly became disillusioned with the prospects for the development of European civilization, and this was understood and felt by some of his astute contemporaries. Literary critic N. N. Strakhov wrote a voluminous article “Herzen”, in which he proved that Herzen went from a desperate nihilist to an adherent of Russian cultural traditions. The author examines Strakhov’s article, analyzes the course of his reflections, dwells on the philosophical and worldview features in the works of Herzen, which the critic highlights. The article shows that Strakhov defines Herzen as the first literary man who began the struggle against the West. According to the author of the article, this statement is not only a typical case of anti-Westernism by the nationalist Strakhov, but also the starting point of self-reflection in Russian culture in the second half of the 19th century. The article also discusses in detail the impact of Strakhov’s article on criticism and academic science.
Alexander Nevsky or Alexander Svirsky: On A. N. Ostrovsky’s Patron Saint
Authors: Yedoshina Irina A.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the issue of A. N. Ostrovsky’s patron saint, practically unexplored in literature. Traditionally, his patron saint is believed to be the holy blessed Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky. The basis for this correlation is the day of August 30. On this day the relics of Alexander Nevsky were transferred from Vladimir to St. Petersburg, and on the same day Alexander Ostrovsky necessarily celebrated his name day in his estate of Shchelykovo. The author of the article draws attention to the fact that the holy Reverend Alexander Svirsky was the closest saint to the time of Ostrovsky’s christening, and the future playwright could be named in his honor. The circumstances accompanying the acquisition of the name Alexander are noted: a letter from the playwright to his uncle, priest P. F. Ostrovsky, some significant characteristics from the biography of this relative. The author compares episodes from the life, canon and acathistus of St. Alexander Svirsky, and then Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky with the life and work of Ostrovsky. As a result, the author concludes that Reverend Alexander Svirsky may well be considered Ostrovsky’s patron saint. Nevertheless, this conclusion does not exclude controversy.
Estudo histológico do polímero poliuretano da mamona implantado no ângulo mandibular de ratos
Authors: Puricelli Edela , Baraldi Carlos Eduardo , Ponzoni Deise , Peschke Rosmeri
Published: October 2021

Ricinoleic acid polyurethane polymer behaviour, implanted subperiostic in rat's mandibular angles was studied. liventy Rattus novergicus (Alhinus rodentia mammalia, cepa Wistar) were divided in for groups of five animals each. The polymer polyurethane, added of calcium carbonate, was implanted at mandibular angle of them. One animal from and 90 days after surgery. Histological examination showed the stability of the implant, the almost total absence of inflammatory response, the fibrous capsule formed surrounding the implant, and bone neoformation. According the experimental model, we concluded that the subperiostic implanted ricinoleic acid polyurethane polymer did not unleash a significant later inflammatory reaction, it has took to the development of a districted fibrous capsule, with evolution for bone neoformation. Signals of rejection, exposition or expel of the implant were not registered.
Caracterização metalúrgica de ligas de Ni-Cr para metalocerimica
Authors: Perez Carlos Ariel Samudio , Garbin Cezar Augusto
Published: October 2021

Alternative Ni-Cr alloys applied in dentistry of two commercial brands for ceramometal restoration were evaluated. The alloys were analyzed in the commercial and after casting conditions using experimental techniques of metallography, X-ray diffraction, superficial hardness and density. The metalografics and X-ray diffraction analysis showed that, the alloys microstructure is marked with the presence of a solid solution having an ordered face- centred cubic structure, Ni-rich austenitic (y phase) matrix, and with fine precipitates particles of secondary phases. The Vicker hardness tests showed a decrease in hardness values of the studied alloys aer casting. The alloys density values, on the other hand, did not manifest changes.
Mercados emergentes e as estratégias de inovação no Brasil
Authors: Stettiner Caio Flavio , Oliveira Lima Edinício , Ferreira Jr. Samuel , Bellini Jomar Luiz , Silveira Marco Antonio
Published: October 2021

Este estudo trata do levantamento das características do fenômeno da inovação verificada nos mercados de países emergentes, que resultaram em uma tipificação peculiar que vem sendo difundida na literatura corrente. A formação de significados para a inovação no contexto desses mercados, que podem ser representados por aqueles países que integram os chamados BRICS (Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China, África do Sul), envolve uma triagem preliminar dos aspectos importantes que marcam sua ocorrência nesses limites territoriais. Com esta percepção, o tema é tratado de forma a permitir identificar particularidades nas categorias teóricas de inovações baseadas em tecnologias menos complexas, próprias dos mercados emergentes, em contraposição àquele modelo de inovação baseado em alta tecnologia e orientado por Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento (P&D), adotado nos países centrais. Nessa perspectiva o estudo tem por objetivo montar um quadro de possíveis convergências ou dissonâncias observadas com a projeção de tais particularidades nas inovações ocorridas no Brasil, procurando jogar mais luz sobre esses novos caminhos para que se possa refletir sobre a inovação no País. Metodologicamente, o estudo vale-se de um levantamento bibliográfico, procurando subsídios teóricos e dados empíricos em base secundária para descrever e discutir aspectos do fenômeno da inovação em mercados emergentes, com destaque especial para o caso brasileiro. Em vista disso, o referencial teórico apresenta breves seções contemplando: a caracterização básica dos mercados emergentes; os tipos de inovação presentes nesses mercados; e as características que marcam a inovação no Brasil. Ao traçar algumas considerações críticas sobre a inovação no contexto nacional o estudo aponta para a defasagem do Brasil no ranque mundial, com um desempenho incompatível com o porte de sua economia. Em que pese as dificuldades observadas, surgem, graças a iniciativas arrojadas nem sempre de caráter institucional, ideias, empreendimentos novos, tecnologias de ponta, mostrando uma face potencial de um Brasil inovador. Apresenta, por último, considerações sobre a inovação no mercado brasileiro e aponta objetos merecedores de investigação futura.
Effect of energy on Ti plate fabrication by vacuum selective laser melting for uniformity of grain size
Authors: Mizuguchi Yuta , Arimura Tsuneyoshi , Ihama Masahiro , Sato Yuji , Yoshida Norio , Yoshida Minoru , Tsukamoto Masahiro
Published: October 2021

Grain size homogenization by controlling heat input using modulated pulses in additive manufacturing was verified. A Ti plate was fabricated with a modulated pulsed laser by vacuum selective laser melting. 20-layer fabrication was performed with modulated pulsed laser and continuous wave laser. As a result of cross-sectional observation, it was found that the variation of the grain size was smaller when the modulated pulsed laser was used. These experimental results suggest that it is possible to control the grain size by using a modulated pulsed laser.
Assessment of the Quality of Diesel Fuel from Some Selected Filling Stations in Tarkwa, Ghana
Authors: E Broni-Bediako
Published: October 2021

Automobile fuel quality is becoming a subject of concern across the world and particularly in Ghana because of potential problems associated with poor quality fuel. Poor quality fuel leads to health and environmental problems, reduced performance and lifetime of engine and other components of an automobile. This paper presents the assessment of the quality of diesel fuel from selected filling stations in Tarkwa. Fifteen fuel samples were collected from Reseller Outlets (Gao Gao), Local Oil Marketing Companies (LOMCs) and International Oil Marketing Companies (IOMCs). Density, flashpoint and sulphur content of the sampled fuels were examined in the laboratory using hydrometer, Cleveland closed cup flash point tester and energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometer respectively. All the tests were conducted based on the American Standard for Testing Materials (ASTM) and the results were compared with the requirements of Ghana Standards Authority (GSA). The results from the tests indicated variations in the fuel properties among all the oil marketing companies. All the samples tested were found to be within the required density limit set by GSA. Also, about 81% of the fuels had the flashpoint within the required limit. In general, all the diesel samples had high sulphur content above the GSA limit of 0.005 wt% (50 ppm). It is recommended that; the Government of Ghana should ensure that all oil marketing companies operate within the acceptable sulphur content limit in Ghana and should also consider reducing the acceptable sulphur content to meet international standard in the near future.
Modelling the Formation of Gas Hydrate in the Pipelines
Authors: Z Saeed
Published: October 2021

Water and hydrocarbon are generally found beside each other in nature i.e., hydrocarbons are formed in aqueous environment. Natural gas and crude oil of storage reservoirs and transferring pipes from petroleum wells to industrial processes of oil and gas are in contact with water and they are in equilibrium with each other. Generally, water is considered as an intruder in oil and gas industry from primary production to ultimate consumption. It causes corrosion in pipelines and reduces the heating value of the fuel. High pressure and low temperature could also cause water condensation and liquid water considerably reduces pipelines efficiency. Low temperatures in winter or an adiabatic pressure drop could ultimately lead to hydrate formation in pipelines. Therefore, hydrate formation causes various problems and costs. In order to prevent hydrate formation, there should be comprehensive information about hydrate formation conditions. The available data on hydrate are outdated and might not have enough accuracy. The data are also specified for a single gas component while mixtures of gases are generally observed in pipelines. The current work tries to increase modeling accuracy of hydrate formation condition in pipelines with different compositions. In this research, a program was coded in MATLAB which specifies hydrate formation condition. In this program, the most accurate equations were used to predict the most efficient condition. Results of the program were compared with real data as well as results of PVTsim simulator. The comparisons indicated that this program could predict hydrate formation condition more accurately.
Salt Deposition in Electric Submersible Centrifugal Pumps under Intermittent Operation
Authors: AA Gareev
Published: October 2021

“Salt deposition in a centrifugal pump under intermittent operation” is the first article to address the cause of failures among electric submersible centrifugal pumps operating intermittently. The causes of said failures are analyzed. The failure of electric submersible centrifugal pumps is caused by their temperature behavior during operation. The problem of the thermal condition of a centrifugal pump under intermittent operation must be solved. Moreover, the number of failures caused by salt deposition or the electric resistance drop of the “cable – motor” system can be reduced.
Visualization of Spreading and Non-Spreading Oil Films in Gas- Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) Process Using Novel NOA81 Microfluidic Platform
Authors: DN Rao
Published: October 2021

The presence of oil films in three phase flow of oil, water and gas through reservoir rocks has a significant effect on the recovery efficiency associated with various Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes like Water Alternating Gas (WAG) and Gas-Assisted Graviry Drainage (GAGD). Visualization of these oil films helps in having a better understanding of the conditions required for the formation of such films in a rock pore network. In this work, we have used a microfluidic platform consisting of Norland Optic Adhesives-81(NOA81) that better mimics the reservoir rock pore geometry, to visualize the oil films in different spreading systems. NOA81 is a transparent polymer with high chemical and physical resistance, which enabled the device to withstand harsh organic solvents as well as high pressures and temperatures encountered in the EOR experiments. This device was designed with pore network similar to that of a consolidated water wet porous rock with varying channel widths and taper, unlike various other platforms using regular square or constant channel width grids. This modification resulted in a more realistic representation of the actual pore network of reservoir rocks. Continuous thinner oil films were observed in the positive spreading system, whereas discontinuous trapped oil blobs were encountered in the negative spreading system. Statistical analysis carried out on the thickness of the oil phase separating water and gas phases indicated significant differences and confirmed the visual observations.
https://medwinpublishers.com/PPEJ/using-bayesian-networks-for-quantifying-domino-effect-probability-in-a-hydrocarbon-processing-area.pdf
Authors: Mei Guangjun
Published: October 2021

Hydrogenation technology has many advantages in light and clean oil products, and has become the most reasonable and effective key technology in the refining industry. However, the hydrogenation reaction process is high temperature, high pressure and hydrogen operation, which consumes a lot of fuel and power, and the energy consumption of the unit is high. Through pinch analysis, the violators of pinch points are identified, and the heat exchange process of the existing hydrogenation unit is optimized and adjusted. Reasonably distribute the heat exchange load of mixed hydrogen oil and low-content oil, improve the final heat exchange temperature of mixed hydrogen oil, reduce the heating load and fuel consumption of heating furnace, strengthen the recovery of inefficient low-temperature potential heat, advance to the design of maximum energy recovery (MER), realize the optimization of cold utility and hot utility, and effectively reduce the energy consumption of hydrogenation unit after optimization. The optimization of heat exchange network of hydrogenation unit significantly improves economic and social benefits.
Internet on epäreilu, mutta näin uutismedia sinnittelee
Authors: Koski Aleksi
Published: October 2021

Arvio teoksesta: Hindman, Matthew. 2019. Internet-ansa: Kuinka digitaalinen talous synnyttää monopoleja ja rapauttaa demokratiaa. Suomentanut Kimmo Pietiläinen. [Alkuperäisteos: The Internet Trap, How the Digital Economy Builds Monopolies and Undermines Democracy, 2018]. Helsinki: Terra Cognita, 274 s.
COVID-19-pandemian aiheuttaman poikkeustilanteen merkitys kokemusasiantuntijatoiminnalle mielenterveystyössä
Authors: Martin Marjatta , Laitila Minna , Kivistö Mari , Soronen Kari , Hautala Sanna
Published: October 2021

COVID-19-pandemia keväällä 2020 sai aikaan nopeita ja mittavia muutoksia terveydenhuollossa. Toimintaa organisoitiin uudelleen, jotta pystyttäisiin turvaamaan riittävät resurssit testaamiseen ja tartunnan saaneiden hoitoon sekä minimoimaan tartuntariski. Muutokset ilmenivät myös psykiatrisessa erikoissairaanhoidossa. Tutkimuksen kontekstina oli sairaanhoitopiiri, jossa kokemusasiantuntijatoiminta on vakiintunut toimintamalli ammatillisen mielenterveystyön rinnalla. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin poikkeustilanteen aiheuttamia muutoksia mielenterveystyön kokemusasiantuntijatoiminnassa, muutoksille annettuja merkityksiä sekä kokemusasiantuntijatoiminnan kehittämistarpeita. Aineistona olivat sairaanhoitopiirissä tehdyt fokusryhmähaastattelut mielenterveystyön ammattilaisille, kokemusasiantuntijoille ja asiakkaille. Aineisto kerättiin kesän ja syksyn 2020 aikana osana laajempaa kokemusasiantuntijuuden merkityksiä tarkastelevaa tutkimusta. Aineisto on analysoitu laadullisen aineistolähtöisen sisällönanalyysin keinoin. Kokemusasiantuntijatoiminnassa COVID-19-pandemian aikana tapahtuneet muutokset konkretisoituivat kokemusasiantuntijoiden työtehtävissä. Kokemusasiantuntijatoiminnan muutosten merkitykset liittyivät sekä yksilö- että organisaatiotasolle. Yksilötasolla korostuivat vertaistuen toteutumiseen ja mielekkääseen toimintaan liittyvät merkitykset sekä taloudelliset ja tunnetason merkitykset. Organisaatiotasolla merkityksenannot liittyivät palvelujen monipuolisuuden vähenemiseen, kokemusasiantuntijakoulutuksen toteuttamiseen ja yhteistyön toteutumiseen. Kokemusasiantuntijatoiminnassa havaitut kehittämistarpeet kohdentuivat kokemusasiantuntijuuden jatkuvuuden ja monipuolisuuden varmistamiseen sekä etäpalveluiden kehittämiseen. Kokemusasiantuntijat kokivat siirtymisen etätyöhön monin tavoin haasteellisena. Tutkimus nosti esiin tarpeen huomioida myös kokemustoimijoiden jaksaminen. Tutkimustulokset osoittivat, miten kokemusasiantuntijatoiminnan merkitys eri toimijoiden näkökulmasta korostui, kun toimintaa ryhdyttiin poikkeustilanteessa rajoittamaan. Tutkimus toi esiin kokemusasiantuntijatoiminnan kehittämistarpeita. Esille tuli myös toiminnan haavoittuvuus ympäristössä, jossa sillä on jo merkittävä ja vakiintunut asema. Mielenterveystyötä ohjaavat rakenteelliset tekijät ovat kokemusasiantuntijuuden tulevaisuuden kannalta laajempi yhteiskunnallinen kysymys.
Korona, koti ja kontrolli: väkivaltatyöntekijöiden näkemyksiä lähisuhdeväkivallan kohteina olleiden avun saamisen haasteista korona-aikana
Authors: Husso Marita , Hyväri Elli , Kaittila Anniina , Hietamäki Johanna , Karhinen-Soppi Anu , Kekkonen Outi , Tuominen Jarno
Published: October 2021

Lähisuhdeväkivalta on maailmanlaajuinen vakava sosiaalinen ja terveydellinen ongelma sekä ihmisoikeuskysymys. Tutkimukset osoittavat, että läheisissä suhteissa tapahtuva väkivalta on tyypillisesti lisääntynyt yhteiskunnallisten kriisien, kuten pandemioiden ja luonnonkatastrofien yhteydessä. Suositukset ja rajoitukset sosiaalisten kontaktien välttämiseen ovat olleet perusteltuja koronaviruksen leviämisen estämisessä. Lähisuhdeväkivallan kokijat kotiin eristäytyminen on kuitenkin saattanut aiempaa haavoittuvampaan asemaan.
Artikkelissa jäsennetään väkivaltatyöntekijöiden näkemyksiä lähisuhdeväkivaltaa kokeneiden avun saamisen haasteista ja kysytään, miten turvakodeista ja väkivaltatyön avopalveluista lähisuhdeväkivaltaan apua hakeneiden tilanne ja palvelujen saatavuus on korona-aikana muuttunut. Empiirisenä aineistona käytetään turvakodeista korona-aikana kerättyjä seurantakyselyjä sekä turvakotien ja väkivaltatyön avopalvelujen työntekijöiden fokusryhmähaastatteluja. Laadullisen tutkimuksen analyysimenetelmänä hyödynnetään temaattista sisällönanalyysia. Tulokset osoittavat, että kotiin eristäytyminen korona-aikana on mahdollistanut ja tehnyt näkyväksi pakottavan kontrollin ja vallankäytön tapoja, jotka ovat vaikeuttaneet lähisuhdeväkivaltaa kokeneiden avun hakemista ja vastaanottamista. Esimerkiksi digitaalisen ja taloudellisen väkivallan muodot ovat nousseet aiempaa vahvemmin esille asiakastyössä. Myös lasten määrän väheneminen turvakodeissa, lasten katoaminen väkivaltatyön piiristä ja haavoittuvien ryhmien, kuten ulkomaalaistaustaisten palvelujen piiriin pääseminen ovat herättäneet huolta ammattilaisten keskuudessa. Korona-ajan arjen ja työn käytäntöjen muutokset sekä pandemiaan liittyvät uhat ja pelot asettavat haasteita väkivaltatyölle ja palvelujärjestelmälle. Tieto siitä, miten koronatilanne vaikuttaa avun hakemiseen, tarjoamiseen ja vastaanottamiseen on tärkeää väkivaltainterventioiden kohdentamiseksi ja tuen ja palveluiden saatavuuden turvaamiseksi.
РАЗРАБОТКА РЕКОМЕНДАЦИЙ ПО ПРИМЕНЕНИЮ ЦИФРОВЫХ ФОРМАТОВ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ ОБЪЕКТОВ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ НА ВСЕХ ЭТАПАХ ОКАЗАНИЯ УСЛУГ ПО ПАТЕНТОВАНИЮ И РЕГИСТРАЦИИ
Authors: Понкратов Александр , Евдокимова Марина , Рейн Любовь
Published: October 2021

На основе анализа доступных интернет источников были сформированы перечни существующих цифровых форматов по типам, для которых был проведен анализ наличия веб-компонент для целей публикации (просмотра) и редактирования, анализ наличия программного обеспечения для просмотра и редактирования, анализ наличия программного обеспечения для взаимного преобразования форматов. Дополнительно был проведен анализ обследованных интернет источников. Все данные были обработаны в созданных программных средствах, по результатам обработки были сформированы перечни рекомендованных, допустимых и недопустимых цифровых форматов по каждому типу. Проведен анализ применимости выявленных цифровых форматов в новых веб-ориентированных системах проекта «Информационная инфраструктура». Были сформированы общие рекомендации по применению форматов документов для использования в информационных системах. В заключении проведен анализ действующей юридической базы по оказанию ФИПС государственных услуг по патентованию и регистрации, и сформированы предложения для внесения поправок, изменений и дополнений в актуальные нормативно-правовые акты.
Human trafficking and surrogate motherhood: challenges
Authors: Checherskiy Viktor
Published: October 2021

Owing to modern scientific advances prospective parents, among other opportunities, enjoy the opportunity, which has not been available before. It consists in giving birth to a child by using another woman’s reproductive capacity when the situation seems hardly improvable.

The paper examines surrogate motherhood as one of the reproductive methods through the prism of human trafficking. It aims at studying and differentiating such legal phenomena as the sale of human beings and surrogate motherhood, which is provided primarily on a paid-for basis, whose consequences (transferring irrevocably a child from one person to another), are externally similar.

The comparative legal and formal legal methods have been employed to provide a general description of international experience in regulating surrogate motherhood. Examples of absolutely opposite ways of pursuing state policy on the legalization of this type of reproductive methods in foreign countries are suggested: from a complete ban to legislative approval and even further simplification of the applying procedure.

It has been proved that there is no connection between acknowledgement of the legality of this procedure and the geographical location of states, the level of their economic development, the specifics of the legal system, and the like. It has been stated that none of the countries can be considered a universal example of solving these issues.

Based on the example of Ukrainian legislation, the author suggests distinguishing between the objective aspect of selling human beings and surrogate motherhood, which is provided, first of all, for a fee. It is emphasized that due to the peculiarities of reproductive technologies only a child should be the object of trade, not a person’s gametes, zygote, embryo or fetus. When a child is sold, in view of the objective aspect, the child is illegally transferred from one person to another. In legal surrogate motherhood agreements the object of the agreement concluded between the surrogate mother and the future parents is not the child, but the service related to embryo implantation, pregnancy and childbirth, id est, a long process.

Based on criminal law, there have been modelled the peculiarities of surrogate motherhood and its assessment used in determining the signs of human trafficking largely depending on genetic relationship between a child and customers (potential parents), as well as a child and a surrogate mother.

The mental element making the distinction between surrogacy and the trafficking of newborns is described. It is emphasized that qualifying as «trafficking in human beings» necessitates the proof of direct intent to unlawfully «transfer» a child, primarily in return for a fee.

It has been concluded that the legal regulation of surrogacy requires further improvement and consolidation at the legislative level. Investigators and prosecutors should investigate all the circumstances that were associated with the surrogacy methods applied in order to establish whether child trafficking occurred in each specific case.
ROLE OF MEMORY IN SHAPING CHARACTERS� IDENTITY IN MAHESH DATTANI�S FINAL SOLUTIONS
Authors: Sigroha Suman
Published: October 2021

While writing of contemporary issues Mahesh Dattani constructs a sense of a shared urban cultural identity, which is upper-middle class, professional, English speaking and a cityfied identity. Memory plays a very important part in the plays. Public memory is time and again juxtaposed with personal memory, and it becomes a means to explain and justify the political acts committed for personal interests. This paper looks at how memory, personal as well public, shapes the identities (social, personal and religious) of characters in Mahesh Dattanis Final Solutions. Incidents are important, but only to explain why and how the people populate his plays, acting in ways that they do. The psychological action is of greater relevance than any physical action that takes place in the play. He reveals his characters by placing them in situations where they are forced to analyze themselves in the light of what happened in their lives in the past.
COMIC STRIPS: A REFLECTION OF THE AMERICAN SPIRIT
Authors: Dukut Ekawati Marhaenny
Published: October 2021

Popular culture by definition includes customs, beliefs and practices, which is massed produced and shared by a society. It can include a best selling magazine, film, food or drink products. It is widely enjoyed by the society because of its cheap price and meets the consumer's needs. Comic strips, is one of those products. Reading comic strips is fun and enjoyable because it does not need full concentration or extra money as a way of passing time. It is massed produced cheaply in popular magazines, newspapers and films. Although it is a way of passing time, it is also a way of learning about the American history, politics, economy, society and spirit of honesty, freedom and the hope of a better future. The comic strip, to say briefly, is a reflection of the American spirit
El fallo “F.A.L.” a través de las críticas feministas al derecho
Authors: Medici Chantal
Published: October 2021

En el año 2012 la Corte Suprema de Justicia emitió el fallo “F.A.L.”, que brindó certeza jurídica acerca de la legalidad de la interrupción del embarazo en los casos previstos por la ley, definió los alcances de la protección de la vida intrauterina y su arreglo con los compromisos internacionales y definió las responsabilidades del Estado. Luego de la aprobación de la ley 27.610 de Acceso a la Interrupción Legal del Embarazo, sectores conservadores iniciaron una multitud de acciones, muchas de las cuales esgrimen los mismos argumentos sobre los cuales la Corte Suprema ya sentó posición.

El presente artículo repasa los antecedentes del fallo “F.A.L.” y las definiciones de la sentencia y ofrece un análisis de los aportes que puede realizar a las críticas feministas al Derecho.
aplicação dos precedentes judiciais nos casos do INSS
Authors: Baldissera Francieli , Galio Morgana Henicka
Published: October 2021

O principal objetivo deste estudo consiste em entender os precedentes judiciais, como forma de garantir a aplicação do princípio da segurança jurídica, aplicado aos casos do Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS), partindo da análise dos casos que tramitam perante o TRF da 4ª Região. Em virtude disso, o princípio da segurança jurídica busca assegurar a estabilidade das relações já consolidadas, frente à inevitável evolução do Direito. Neste contexto, como se dá a aplicação dos precedentes judiciais nos casos do Instituto Nacional Do Seguro Social – INSS, à luz do princípio da segurança jurídica? Para tornar possível o presente trabalho, foi abordado o método dedutivo, partindo da análise da teoria para o caso concreto, abrangendo técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, a partir da análise de doutrina, legislação e jurisprudência, bem como, levantamento de dados na Justiça Federal da circunscrição jurisdicional de Concórdia/SC, que tem por objetivo a demonstração numérica nos litígios judiciais em que o INSS é parte. No entanto, o presente artigo cientifico busca instruir o leitor sobre os precedentes judiciais, sua conceituação, aplicabilidade e demais pontos que se fazem necessários. Neste contexto, foi realizado um estudo de caso, afim analisar a aplicação dos precedentes judiciais nos casos do Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social – INSS, à luz do princípio da segurança jurídica. Buscou-se ainda, elucidar o princípio da segurança jurídica, o qual visa assegurar a estabilidade das relações já consolidadas frente à inevitável evolução do Direito, e o desrespeito do INSS ao referido princípio. Por fim, conclui-se evidente a parcialidade do INSS ao julgar nas vias administrativas, sem observância aos precedentes judiciais, tampouco ao princípio da segurança jurídica, deixando os segurados a mercê de um total desrespeito constitucional.
Backlash no direito brasileiro
Authors: Resmini Alice Boron , Andreatta Claudia
Published: October 2021

Muitas vezes o Poder Judiciário é provocado a se manifestar sobre questões extremamente controversas, que dividem tanto a opinião pública quanto a dos governantes e parlamentares. As decisões proferidas em tais casos podem gerar reações de descontentamento por parte da sociedade, do Poder Legislativo e do Executivo, que se utilizam de diversos meios para demonstrar sua insurgência contra o resultado apresentado pelo órgão julgador. Essas reações adversas são denominadas de backlash, expressão atribuída ao fenômeno supracitado pelo direito norte-americano. No presente artigo, será realizada uma análise do que é o backlash, bem como quais foram as principais reações legislativas verificadas no direito brasileiro até hoje. A pesquisa utilizou o método hipotético-dedutivo, partindo da teoria constitucional sobre influência de fatores externos nas decisões judiciais, para, em seguida, analisar o caso específico da ocorrência de reações legislativas a duas decisões proferidas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. As técnicas de pesquisa utilizadas consistem em pesquisa bibliográfica e jurisprudencial. Por fim, conclui-se que que o fenômeno do backlash é de suma importância em uma Estado Democrático, desde que haja uma corte constitucional atuante exercendo o papel contramajoritário.
monitoramento eletrônico como forma de controle das medidas protetivas de urgência
Authors: Valle Letícia Wenglareck do , Taporosky Filho Paulo Silas
Published: October 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a aplicabilidade da monitoração eletrônica nos casos de violência doméstica. Para tanto, serão abordados aspectos relacionados à Lei 11.340 de 2006, que se apresenta como instrumento legal sobre a violência doméstica contra a mulher, destacando-se o avanço da proteção dos direitos fundamentais e das necessidades características das mulheres, durante o caminho até chegar na priorização da proteção. Posteriormente, estudar-se-á a monitoração eletrônica como instrumento do direito penal brasileiro, com ênfase nos avanços tecnológicos trazidos pela evolução da sociedade, sendo consideradas as ferramentas de auxílio no combate ao avanço da criminalidade e as divergências doutrinárias acerca da possibilidade de estar o monitoramento eletrônico, enquanto instrumento de controle penal estatal, ferindo direitos fundamentais e o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, haja vista a carência de regulamentação específica pela legislação brasileira. O objetivo principal é, portanto, analisar a possibilidade de utilização do monitoramento eletrônico como mecanismo no cumprimento das medidas de proteção previstas na Lei Maria da Penha, pelo que é justamente esse o problema enfrentado na presente pesquisa: é possível aplicar o monitoramento eletrônico no âmbito da Lei Maria da Penha? Para buscar a resposta, cuja hipótese se dá no sentido positivo, é realizada revisão bibliográfica e análise jurisprudencial como metodologia empregada, concluindo-se nesse sentido pela confirmação da hipótese, pois desde que respeitadas as premissas que fundacionam o processo penal, entende-se como possível o uso de tal medida cautelar como forma de assegurar as medidas protetivas de urgência.
Teleneurology Teaching Service at a Rural Regional Campus
Authors: Beck Anne-Taylor , Cleaver Leeandra B. , Fuqua Joshua D. , Clark Katlyn B. , Nair Rohit S. , Hart E. Paige , Bolinger Rebecca R. , Crump William J.
Published: October 2021

Regional rural medical school campuses offer many opportunities for medical students to gain more hands-on experience, have more direct interaction with attending physicians, and cultivate a deeper understanding of challenges and opportunities specific to rural medicine. Some specialty services such as neurology are not available at these small regional campuses, and telemedicine technology can be a valuable tool to address this need. We report the implementation of teleneurology stroke consultation services as part of the third-year neurology clerkship at a regional medical school campus. We analyzed daily clinical notes and student satisfaction surveys. Students saw many common and important presentations of cerebrovascular events. Students worked as part of a multi-disciplinary care team while following these patients through their hospital course with effective instruction provided by remote stroke neurologists. All students strongly agreed that telemedicine was a positive component of the clerkship. We  conclude that teleneurology is an effective way to provide inpatient neurology clinical exposure, especially when remote attendings have a strong screen presence and are enthusiastic about teaching. We believe these findings could be useful to other campuses considering similar teaching methods, as innovations in telemedicine continue to address challenges  in  medical education and clinical care. The authors have no conflicts of interest to report and the Baptist Health Madisonville Institutional Review Board found this study to be exempt.
Motivating Factors of and Perceived Barriers to Research at a Canadian Medical University with Regional Campuses: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Leigh Jennifer , Khalid Maroof , Tsang Jennifer
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Research training programs are an integral part of a well-rounded medical education. These programs help students contribute to medical knowledge, develop skills in critical evaluation and research dissemination, and they facilitate the training of our future medical researchers. Existing literature suggests barriers including lack of available time and access to projects may hinder a medical student’s research training. These barriers likely differ based on the medical school curriculum, and there exists limited data looking at these attitudes in Canadian students, students outside large academic centers or those in condensed programs. Given this, our study aims to further explore medical students' perceptions, perceived barriers of research in a three-year Canadian undergraduate medical school with regional campuses.

 

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey of medical students (classes of 2019, 2020 and 2021) representing the main and regional campuses of the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine in Ontario, Canada to explore their attitudes towards research. Descriptive statistics were used to describe participant demographics, research background and attitudes towards research.

 

Results

Overall, 70.4% of students identified as being involved in a research project at some point during their medical school tenure. Motivating factors for research participation included the goal of obtaining a residency spot (63.0%), and interest in their research topic (74.7%). Barriers to research included perceived lack of available time (31.5%), and difficulty in finding a research project (44.5%). Perceived curriculum deficiencies included lack of education in research methodology and appraisal of scientific literature (93.2% and 89.0%, respectively). Lastly, regional campuses tended conduct their research outside of their home campus (43.6% vs 3.3%, p<0.0001).

 

Conclusion

The findings from our study highlighted the students’ attitudes towards research in a Canadian medical school that has multiple campuses and a shortened medical curriculum (3-year). It identifies potential areas of improvement from a student perspective, which can hopefully be utilized by medical educators to continue the improvement of medical trainee research training.