bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sequestration of RBM10 in Nuclear Bodies: Targeting Sequences and Biological Significance
Authors: Wang Ling-Yu , Xiao Sheng-Jun , Kunimoto Hiroyuki , Tokunaga Kazuaki , Kojima Hirotada , Kimura Masatsugu , Yamamoto Takahiro , Yamamoto Naoki , Hong Zhao , Nishio Koji , Tani Tokio , Nakajima Koichi , Sunami Kishiko , Inoue Akira
Published: January 2019

RBM10 is an RNA-binding protein that regulates alternative splicing (AS). It localizes to the extra-nucleolar nucleoplasm and S1-1 nuclear bodies (NBs) in the nucleus. We investigated the biological significance of this localization in relation to its molecular function. Our analyses, employing deletion mutants, revealed that RBM10 possesses two S1-1 NB-targeting sequences (NBTSs), one in the KEKE motif region and another in the C2H2 Zn finger (ZnF). These NBTSs act synergistically to localize RBM10 to S1-1 NBs. The C2H2 ZnF not only acts as an NBTS, but is also essential for AS regulation by RBM10. Moreover, RBM10 does not participate in S1-1 NB formation, and without alterations of RBM10 protein levels, its NB-localization changes, increasing as cellular transcriptional activity declines, and vice versa. These results indicate that RBM10 is a transient component of S1-1 NBs and is sequestered in NBs via its NBTSs when cellular transcription decreases. We propose that the C2H2 ZnF exerts its NB-targeting activity when RBM10 is unbound by pre-mRNAs, and that NB-localization of RBM10 is a mechanism to control its AS activity in the nucleus.

Note that the previous title of this manuscript was Targeting of RBM10 to S1-1 Nuclear Bodies: Targeting Sequences and its Biological Significance.
NEK10 tyrosine phosphorylates p53 and controls its transcriptional activity
Authors: Haider Nasir , Dutt Previn , van de Kooij Bert , Yaffe Michael , Stambolic Vuk
Published: January 2019

In response to genotoxic stress, multiple kinase signalling cascades are activated, many of them directed towards the tumour suppressor p53 which coordinates the DNA damage response (DDR). Defects in DDR pathways lead to an accumulation of mutations that can promote tumorigenesis. Emerging evidence implicates multiple members of the NimA-related kinase (NEK) family (NEK1, NEK10 and NEK11) in the DDR. Here, we describe a function for NEK10 in the regulation of p53 transcriptional activity through tyrosine phosphorylation. NEK10 loss increases cellular proliferation through modulation of the p53-dependent transcriptional output, by directly phosphorylating p53 on Y327, revealing NEK10’s unexpected substrate specificity. A p53 mutant at this site (Y327F) acts as a hypomorph, causing an attenuated p53-mediated transcriptional response. Consistently, NEK10-deficient cells display heightened sensitivity to DNA damaging agents and low NEK10 expression is an independent predictor of a favorable response to radiation treatment in WT TP53 breast cancer patients.
The effects of a TMS double lesion to a cortical network
Authors: Cameron Ian G.M. , Cretu Andreea , Struik Femke , Toni Ivan
Published: January 2019

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has contributed to our understanding of the functions of individual brain regions, but its use to examine distributed functions throughout a network has been more limited. We assess the functional consequences of a TMS pulse to the oculomotor network which was first perturbed by continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS), to examine the potential for additive effects from lesions to two network nodes. Twenty-three humans performed pro-(look towards) and anti-(look away) saccades after receiving cTBS to right frontal eye fields (FEF), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) or somatosensory cortex (S1) (control). On a subset of trials, a TMS pulse was applied to right posterior parietal cortex (PPC). We assessed changes in saccade amplitudes, performance (percentage correct) and reaction times, as these parameters relate to computations in networks involving these nodes. We observed impairments in ipsilateral anti-saccade amplitudes following DLPFC cTBS that were enhanced by a PPC pulse, but that were not enhanced relative to the effect of the PPC pulse alone. There was no evidence for effects from the double lesion to performance or reaction times. This suggests that computations are distributed across the network, such that even a single lesion is consequential.
Candidate regulators and target genes of drought stress in needles and roots of Norway spruce
Authors: Haas Julia C. , Vergara Alexander , Hurry Vaughan , Street Nathaniel R.
Published: January 2019

Drought stress impacts on seedling establishment, survival and whole-plant productivity. Drought stress responses have been extensively studied at the physiological and molecular level in angiosperms, particularly in agricultural species and the modelArabidopsis thaliana, with the vast majority of work performed on aboveground tissues. Boreal forests are dominated by coniferous tree species and cover vast areas of the terrestrial surface. These areas are predicted to be particularly influenced by ongoing climate change and will be exposed to more frequent and acute drought. The associated impact at all stages of the forest tree life cycle is expected to have large-scale ecological and economic impacts. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the drought response mechanisms ofPicea abiesseedlings, we assayed the physiological response of needles and transcriptional responses of roots and needles after exposure to mild and severe drought. Shoots and needles showed extensive reversible plasticity for physiological measures indicative of drought response mechanisms, including stomatal conductance (gs) and shoot water potential. Root and needle transcriptional responses contrasted, with an extensive root-specific down-regulation of growth. When we compared the responses ofP. abieswith previously-characterisedA. thalianadrought response genes, we found that the majority of the genes were conserved across lineages. However, inP. abies, transcription factors (TFs) previously identified as belonging to the ABA-dependent pathway had a more limited role and most differentially expressed genes were specific to the stress response ofP. abies. These results highlight the importance of profiling both above- and below-ground tissues and provide a comprehensive framework to advance understanding of the drought response mechanism ofP. abies.

One sentence summary

Analysis of the drought transcriptome of Norway spruce reveals divergent molecular response pathways in conifers.
The crystal structures of benzylammonium phenylacetate and its hydrate
Authors: Hess David , Mayer Peter
Published: January 2019

The title compounds benzylammonium phenylacetate, C7H10N+·C8H7O2−(1), and its monohydrate, C7H10N+·C8H7O2−·H2O (2), can be obtained by evaporating methanolic solutions containing equimolar amounts of benzylamine and phenylacetic acid in the absence and presence of water, respectively. N—H...O hydrogen bonds in the crystal structure of1lead to the formation of hydrophilic channels running along theb-axis direction. The hydrogen-bonding system is best described by fusedR34(10) ring patterns, often observed in ammonium carboxylate salts. In2, the presence of the crystal water leads to the formation of a two-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network. The benzyl moieties in1and2form hydrophobic layers in the crystal structures with the aromatic rings adopting edge-to-face arrangements.
Beyond reach: an extended model of global brand effects
Authors: Mandler Timo
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Despite considerable investigations of the various outcomes of perceived brand globalness (PBG), the concept itself remains ambiguous, demanding further conceptual refinement. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to global branding literature by suggesting an extended conceptualization of PBG, and empirically testing a corresponding extended model of global brand effects, relative to the conventional operationalization.

Design/methodology/approach

An empirical study (n=907) involving 63 brands across eight different product categories provides new insights into the composition of global brand effects by explicitly discriminating between different facets of consumers’ brand globalness perceptions (i.e. perceived market reach (PMR), perceived standardization (PST) and global consumer culture positioning (GCCP)).

Findings

The results clearly show that effects associated with global brands are not exclusively positive. While PMR and GCCP have positive effects on consumers’ brand evaluations and attitudes, PST has a strong negative effect on the same outcomes. These effects apply to both domestic and foreign global brands and occur irrespective of the perceived level of risk associated with a given product category.

Originality/value

The results provide managers a clearer picture of the up- and downsides of brand globalness perceptions and urge future studies on global brands to incorporate constructs that account for facets beyond a brand’s market reach to capture the phenomenon holistically.
Disentangling anti-corruption agencies and accounting for their ineffectiveness
Authors: Krambia-Kapardis Maria
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide an adequate account of anti-corruption agency (ACA) ineffectiveness and propose the kind of ACA that would hold the promise of success. The paper draws on legitimacy theory, legal process and the notion of integrity of purpose.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper contextualizes the establishment and proliferation of ACAs; explores different ways of conceptualizing them; examines the broad range of factors that have underpinned ACA ineffectiveness and utilizes both legitimacy theory and the notion of the integrity of purpose.

Findings

The one-ACA-model-fits-all approach in corruption-control has been an abysmal failure. Disentangling the reasons for ACA ineffectiveness reveals various endogenous and exogenous factors. It also emphasizes the crucial importance of integrating both legitimacy theory and integrity of purpose in a revamped ACA concept that meets the corruption-control challenge.

Practical implications

It is possible to design and implement an effective ACA by avoiding various factors that have been shown to seriously undermine corruption control efforts by also drawing on legitimacy theory, legal process and integrity of purpose.

Social implications

Corruption in both the public and private sectors cannot be controlled in isolation from other socio-economic problems. An effective ACA is one that fosters integrity and is considered legitimate by its stakeholders.

Originality/value

While there have been some articles the past two decades discussing the effectiveness of ACAs in particular countries, this is the first paper to account for the overall ACA ineffectiveness also using legitimacy theory, legal process and integrity of purpose to revamp the ACA concept.
Predicting susceptibility to cyber-fraud victimhood
Authors: Whitty Monica T.
Published: January 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to develop a theoretical framework to predict susceptibility to cyber-fraud victimhood.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was constructed to examine whether personality, socio-demographic characteristics and online routine activities predicted one-off and repeat victimhood of cyber-fraud. Overall, 11,780 participants completed a survey (one-off victims, N = 728; repeat victims = 329).

Findings

The final saturated model revealed that psychological and socio-demographic characteristics and online routine activities should be considered when predicting victimhood. Consistent with the hypotheses, victims of cyber-frauds were more likely to be older, score high on impulsivity measures of urgency and sensation seeking, score high on addictive measures and engage in more frequent routine activities that place them at great risk of becoming scammed. There was little distinction between one-off and repeat victims of cyber-frauds.

Originality/value

This work uniquely combines psychological, socio-demographic and online behaviours to develop a comprehensive theoretical framework to predict susceptibility to cyber-frauds. Importantly, the work here challenges the current utility of government websites to protect users from becoming scammed and provides insights into methods that might be used to protect users from becoming scammed.
How modern psychology can help us understand white-collar criminals
Authors: Dearden Thomas E.
Published: January 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to add to the theoretical discussion of white-collar crime by introducing modern psychological decision-making literature and the potential effect on white-collar offending.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a theoretical approach, literature on heuristics, innovation and stress, insight into why white-collar offenders decide to commit crime is posited.

Findings

The heuristics and strategies that people use to assist in decision-making process may inadvertently promote white-collar crime. For example, stress may inhibit white-collar offenders’ thinking, causing them to discount the risk of committing said offense; individuals may not challenge the success of carrying out a white-collar offense once it is considered; and generally, people will be more optimistic in considering their success of not getting caught.

Originality/value

Currently, the study of white-collar crime is discussed largely in the context of sociological factors. Current psychological theories have considerable explanatory power in understanding why white-collar offenders commit their crimes.
Christian attitudes toward ethics of tax evasion: a case study
Authors: McGee Robert W. , Benk Serkan
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine Christian views on the ethics of tax evasion.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve this objective, data were gathered from the most recent World Values Survey, which included 60 countries. The sample size exceeded 30,000. Various demographic variables were also examined, such as gender, age, marital status, education level, income level, social class, position on the political spectrum and others.

Findings

This study found that although there was widespread opposition to tax evasion, it could be justified sometimes. Not all Christian sects had the same view of tax evasion. Some sects were less severe in their opposition than others. This study ranked the various sects from least to most opposed.

Originality/value

The present study expands the religions literature by showing that differing Christian sects have opinions on the ethics of tax evasion that differ significantly, and that it cannot be said categorically that the more conservative Christian sects are either more opposed or less opposed to tax evasion than are the liberal or moderate sects.
Antecedents of consumers’ reliance on online product reviews
Authors: Mumuni Alhassan G. , Lancendorfer Karen M. , O’Reilly Kelley A. , MacMillan Amy
Published: January 2019

Purpose

This paper examines the role that attitudes toward online product reviews (OPRs), perceived credibility of OPRs and perceived benefit of OPRs play as antecedents of consumers’ reliance on OPRs in purchase decisions. A conceptual model of relationships investigated posits that attitudes drive reliance and are in turn driven by perceived benefit and credibility of OPRs. The study also examines gender differences in the constructs and their inter-relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from a structured self-administered survey of US consumers are used to estimate parameters of a structural equation model (SEM) of the relationships. Gender differences in the structural relationships are tested using multi-group SEM, while gender differences in reliance, attitudes, benefit and credibility are tested using independent-samplest-tests.

Findings

Results show a strong positive effect of attitudes toward OPRs on reliance on OPRs. In turn, perceived benefit and credibility of OPRs are strong positive drivers of attitudes toward OPRs, with benefit having a greater impact. Structural relationships among the constructs are invariant across the two gender groups. However, there is a statistically significant difference between males and females in reliance on OPRs, with males exhibiting a tendency to rely more on OPRs than females.

Originality/value

The study introduces two new constructs to the literature – reliance on OPRs and global attitudes toward OPRs – and provides initial conceptualizations and operationalizations. The specific results underscore the relevance and importance of further research on these constructs and their relationships with other OPR-relevant constructs. They also provide initial indications of gender differences in consumers’ perceptions of OPRs and relationships among these and reliance on OPRs that are worthy of additional research attention.
Sink limitation of plant growth determines tree line in the arid Himalayas
Authors: Dolezal Jiri , Kopecky Martin , Dvorsky Miroslav , Macek Martin , Rehakova Klara , Capkova Katerina , Borovec Jakub , Schweingruber Fritz , Liancourt Pierre , Altman Jan
Published: January 2019

Understanding what determines the high elevation limits of trees is crucial for predicting how tree lines may shift in response to climate change. Tree line formation is commonly explained by a low‐temperature restriction of meristematic activity (sink limitation) rather than carbon assimilation (source limitation). In arid mountains, however, trees face simultaneously low temperature and drought, both potentially restricting their growth and thus setting range limits. However, the mechanisms of tree line formation in high arid mountains are largely unknown.

We studied Myricaria elegans, one of the world’s highest growing winter‐deciduous woody species, endemic to the arid Himalayas. We hypothesized that the upper elevation limit of Myricaria is associated with low temperatures during the early growing season affecting earlywood formation, while later in the season drought is constraining earlywood maturation and latewood formation.

To test this hypothesis, we studied the quantitative anatomy of tree rings at different developmental stages across the entire species elevation range (3,200–4,400 m). We also explored daily stem increment and rehydration rates, seasonal dynamics of non‐structural carbohydrates and stable C isotopes as a proxy for possible drought constraints.

Both earlywood and latewood increments decreased towards the tree line, while NSC in leaves, twigs and stem sapwood did not change, indicating a sink limitation as a main driver of the tree line. At tree line, low temperatures restricted earlywood formation more than latewood formation. Tree line individuals had—compared to individuals from lower elevations—smaller and fewer earlywood vessels, frequent frost rings and shorter periods with positive daily increments, but comparable night‐time stem rehydration rates and latewood density. All these results suggest a sink limitation as a main mechanism behind the tree line formation in high arid mountains.

In the arid Himalayas, the tree line is set by the drastic growth reduction (sink limitation) caused by low temperature and short growing season under otherwise sufficient carbon and water supply. At the tree line, spring freezing and high summer temperatures further constrain annual stem increment. The mean 6.9°C temperature during the growing season places the Myricaria tree line within the thermal range of other high elevation tree lines worldwide and supports a common mechanism of alpine tree line formation.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Acid exposure in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease is associated with esophageal dysmotility
Authors: Jiang Liu Qin , Ye Bi Xing , Wang Mei Feng , Lin Lin
Published: January 2019

Objective

To explore the correlation between reflux disease and abnormal esophageal motility in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Methods

Participants (patients with GERD and controls) who underwent 24‐h impedance‐pH monitoring (MII‐pH monitoring) and high‐resolution manometry between January 2012 and February 2017 were retrospectively studied. The patients were divided into two groups (acid reflux and nonacid reflux) based on their MII‐pH monitoring data. Reflux episodes, endoscopic findings, and esophageal dynamic parameters were assessed and compared.

Results

A total of 142 patients were included (acid reflux [n = 58], nonacid reflux [n = 60], control group [n = 24]). There were more patients with esophagitis and more severe esophageal mucosal injury in the acid reflux group than in the nonacid reflux group. The acid reflux group had reduced lower esophageal sphincter (LES) basal pressure, shorter LES length, lower esophageal pressure and distal contractile integral index than the nonacid reflux group. Patients in the acid reflux group had more large breaks and a higher incidence of type II and III esophagogastric junction morphology than those in the nonacid reflux group. Acid exposure time, the incidence of long‐term acid reflux, recumbent acid reflux, and the incidence of acid and nonacid reflux had a significant negative correlation with esophageal body motility or LES function.

Conclusion

This study suggests that an increase in esophageal acid exposure is correlated with an increase in esophageal dysmotility in patients with GERD.
Survival comparison of right and left side non‐small cell lung cancer in stage I–IIIA patients: A Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) analysis
Authors: Jia Bo , Zheng Qiwen , Qi Xinmeng , Zhao Jun , Wu Meina , An Tongtong , Wang Yuyan , Zhuo Minglei , Li Jianjie , Zhao Xinghui , Yang Xue , Zhong Jia , Chen Hanxiao , Dong Zhi , Shi Youwu , Du Feng , Wang Jingjing , Chi Yujia , Zhai Xiaoyu , Wang Ziping
Published: January 2019

Background

Primary tumors located in the right and left side have distinctive prognoses, but the details have not been fully identified in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study investigated the impact of primary tumor side on long‐term survival in NSCLC patients.

Methods

Data of 90 407 patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program were analyzed. To avoid bias between groups, we used innovative propensity score matching (PSM) analysis.

Results

There was no significant distinction in overall survival (OS) between right (n = 53 496) and left (n = 36 911) side tumors (hazard ratio [HR] 0.993, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9756–1.011; P = 0.432). Left side was associated with superior five‐year cancer‐specific survival (CSS) compared to right side NSCLC (HR 0.977, 95% CI 0.9574–0.9969; P = 0.024). No significant difference was observed in OS (P = 0.689) or CSS (P = 0.288) after PSM analysis. In the 51 319 patients who underwent surgery, left side (n = 21 245) was associated with poor OS compared to right side (n = 30 074) NSCLC (HR 1.039, 95% CI 1.011–1.067; P = 0.006), while CSS was similar (HR 1.031, 95% CI 0.997–1.065; P = 0.069). In patients who underwent surgery, there was also no significant difference in OS (P = 0.986) or CSS (P = 0.979) after PSM analysis.

Conclusion

The prognosis between right and left side NSCLC in stage I–IIIA was similar regardless of whether patients underwent surgery. Primary tumor side cannot be considered a prognostic factor when choosing appropriate treatment.
Mandatory corporate social responsibility disclosure and dividend payouts: evidence from a quasi‐natural experiment
Authors: Ni Xiaoran , Zhang Huilin
Published: January 2019

Employing the enactment of a regulation that mandates a subset of firms to disclose their corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities as a quasi‐natural experiment, we find that mandatory CSR disclosure reduces firms’ dividend payouts significantly. Further analyses indicate that the negative relation is more pronounced for firms with weaker corporate governance mechanisms, where shareholders lack of effective tools to protect themselves against pressures from stakeholders, and a shift of relative power towards stakeholders is more likely to occur. Our paper provides a specific channel through which mandatory CSR disclosure benefits stakeholders at the expense of shareholders.
Prevalence and context of racism experienced by older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders
Authors: Temple Jeromey B , Kelaher Margaret , Paradies Yin
Published: January 2019

Objective

To examine the prevalence and context of racism self‐reported by older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

Methods

The 2015 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Survey was used to measure the prevalence, contexts and demographic differences in reports of racism. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association of age with racism in later life.

Results

A sizeable minority of older Aboriginal people reported experiences of unfair treatment (31%) and avoidance (15%), oftentimes occurring in contexts critical to human capital investments. Specific demographic groups, including those with higher levels of education, were more likely to report experiences of unfair treatment. The prevalence of unfair treatment and avoidance remains relatively high in later life (albeit lower than younger ages), with a significant reduction from age 65.

Conclusion

Addressing racism, particularly in contexts crucial to human capital, is important for the health and well‐being of older Aboriginal people.
Symptoms related to posterior vitreous detachment and the risk of developing retinal tears: a systematic review
Authors: Gishti Olta , van den Nieuwenhof Ronald , Verhoekx Jennifer , van Overdam Koen
Published: January 2019

Flashes and floaters are the hallmark symptoms of a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) which itself is related to an increased risk of the development of retinal tears, retinal detachment and vitreous haemorrhage. The aim of this study is to assess the associations between different symptoms related to PVD and the risk of developing retinal tears. A systematic review of articles written in English, using MEDLINE, Embase (via Embase.com) and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (1996–2017) was conducted. Search terms included five elements: PVD, retinal tears, retinal detachment, floaters and flashes. Independent extraction of articles was conducted by two authors using predefined data fields, including study quality indicators. Thirteen studies fulfilled the selection criteria. Analysis of pooled data revealed that presence of isolated flashes was associated with the development of retinal tears in 5.3% of symptomatic eyes [mean 2.9 eyes; 95% CI (2.1, 5.7)].Conversely, floaters alone had a stronger association with retinal tears (16.5% of eyes), as compared to flashes. The association to retinal tears was even greater for those patients reporting both flashes and floaters [mean 17.8 eyes (20.0%); 95% CI (17.4, 18.1)]. Retinal and/or vitreous haemorrhage was also associated with the presence and later development of retinal tears [mean 12.5 eyes (30.0%); 95% CI (11.7, 13.9)]. Patients with more than 10 floaters or a cloud in their vision had a high risk of developing retinal tears (OR19.8, p‐value 0.032). In the setting of a PVD, the onset of flashes and floaters, and the presence of retinal and/or vitreous haemorrhage are risk factors for the development of retinal tears. The association is greater when both symptoms are present, and even greater when the patient reports more than 10 floaters, a curtain or a cloud and/or there is a positive finding of a vitreous or retinal haemorrhage. This study supports the necessity of an immediate examination of patients presenting with symptoms related to a PVD, and a follow‐up examination might be prudent in a subgroup of these patients.
An accumulation of muscle macrophages is accompanied by altered insulin sensitivity after reduced activity and recovery
Authors: Reidy Paul T. , Yonemura Nikol M. , Madsen Jared H. , McKenzie Alec I. , Mahmassani Ziad S. , Rondina Matthew T. , Lin Yu Kuei , Kaput Katie , Drummond Micah J.
Published: January 2019

Background

Mechanisms underlying physical inactivity‐induced insulin resistance are not well understood. In addition to a role in muscle repair, immune cell populations such as macrophages may regulate insulin sensitivity.

Aim

The aim of this study was to examine if the dynamic changes in insulin sensitivity during and after recovery from reduced physical activity corresponded to changes in skeletal muscle macrophages.

Methods

In this prospective clinical study, we collected muscle biopsies from healthy older adults (70 ± 2 years, n = 12) before and during a hyperinsulinaemic‐euglycaemic clamp and this occurred before (PRE) and after 2‐week reduced physical activity (RA), and following 2‐week of recovery (REC). Insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinaemic‐euglycaemic clamp), skeletal muscle mRNA expression of inflammatory markers, and immunofluorescent quantification of skeletal muscle macrophages, myofibre‐specific satellite cell and capillary content were assessed.

Results

Insulin sensitivity was decreased following reduced activity and rebounded following recovery above PRE levels. We observed an increase (P < 0.01) in muscle macrophages (CD68+CD206+: 190 [55, 324]; CD11b+CD206+: 117 [28, 205]% change from PRE) and CD68 (2.4 [1.4, 3.4]‐fold) and CCL2 (1.9 [1.3, 2.5]‐fold) mRNA following RA concurrent with increased (P < 0.03) satellite cells (55 [6, 104]%) in slow‐twitch myofibres. Moreover, the distance of satellite cells to the nearest capillary was increased 7.7 (1.7, 13.7) µm in fast‐twitch myofibres at RA (P = 0.007). Changes in macrophages were positively associated with increased insulin sensitivity following RA (R > 0.57, P < 0.05).

Conclusion

These findings suggested that a dynamic response of skeletal muscle macrophages following acute changes in physical activity in healthy older adults is related to insulin sensitivity.
Health care professionals' attitudes towards deprescribing in older patients with limited life expectancy: A systematic review
Authors: Lundby Carina , Graabæk Trine , Ryg Jesper , Søndergaard Jens , Pottegård Anton , Nielsen Dorthe Susanne
Published: January 2019

Aims

The aim of this systematic review was to explore health care professionals' attitudes towards deprescribing in older people with limited life expectancy.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted from inception to December 2017 using MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL. Studies were included if they specifically concerned older people (≥65 years) with limited life expectancy, including those residing in any type of aged care facility, or were based on representative patient profiles. Results were analyzed inspired by the Joanna Briggs Institute's method for synthesis of qualitative data. Studies were characterized using a checklist for reporting of qualitative research.

Results

Eight studies were included. Six studies explored health care professionals' views on deprescribing in general, and two studies focused specifically on psychotropic agents. All eight studies explored the views of physicians, mostly general practitioners, while three studies also considered other health care professionals. Four themes related to health care professionals' attitudes towards deprescribing were identified: (i) patient and relative involvement; (ii) the importance of teamwork; (iii) health care professionals' self‐assurance and skills; and (iv) the impact of organizational factors. Within each of these themes, 3–4 subthemes were identified and analysed.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that health care professionals' decisions to engage in deprescribing activities with older people with limited life expectancy depend on multiple factors which are highly interdependent. Consequently, there is an urgent need for more research on how to approach deprescribing in clinical practice within this population.
Neuroimmune nexus of depression and dementia: Shared mechanisms and therapeutic targets
Authors: Herman Francis J. , Simkovic Sherry , Pasinetti Giulio M.
Published: January 2019

Dysfunctional immune activity is a physiological component of both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). The extent to which altered immune activity influences the development of their respective cognitive symptoms and neuropathologies remains under investigation. It is evident, however, that immune activity affects neuronal function and circuit integrity. In both disorders, alterations are present in similar immune networks and neuroendocrine signalling pathways, immune responses persist in overlapping neuroanatomical locations, and morphological and structural irregularities are noted in similar domains. Epidemiological studies have also linked the two disorders, and their genetic and environmental risk factors intersect along immune‐activating pathways and can be synonymous with one another. While each of these disorders individually contains a large degree of heterogeneity, their shared immunological components may link distinct phenotypes within each disorder. This review will therefore highlight the shared immune pathways of AD and MDD, their overlapping neuroanatomical features, and previously applied, as well as novel, approaches to pharmacologically manipulate immune pathways, in each neurological condition.

Linked Articles

This article is part of a themed section on Therapeutics for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: New Directions for Precision Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.18/issuetoc
L'identification des zones calmes et un diagnostic d’équité environnementale à Montréal
Authors: Delaunay Déborah , Apparicio Philippe , Séguin Anne‐Marie , Gelb Jérémy , Carrier Mathieu
Published: January 2019

Messages clés

9,6 % du territoire est identifié comme des zones calmes potentielles.

Il y a des disparités spatiales importantes en termes de répartition des zones calmes selon les arrondissements et les municipalités.

Il n'y a pas d'iniquités importantes relativement à l'accessibilité aux zones calmes pour les groupes de population étudiés.
Soluble factors derived from neuroblastoma cell lines suppress dendritic cell differentiation and activation
Authors: Harada Kazuaki , Ihara Fumie , Takami Mariko , Kamata Toshiko , Mise Naoko , Yoshizawa Hiroko , Hishiki Tomoro , Saito Takeshi , Terui Keita , Nakata Mitsuyuki , Komatsu Shugo , Ikeuchi Takayuki , Nakayama Toshinori , Yoshida Hideo , Motohashi Shinichiro
Published: January 2019

Dendritic cells (DC) play a key role in the initiation of both antitumor immunity and immunological tolerance. It has been demonstrated that exposure to soluble factors produced by tumor cells modulates DC functions and induces tolerogenic DC differentiation. In this study, we investigated the effects of neuroblastoma cell line‐derived soluble factors on DC differentiation. Monocytes isolated from healthy volunteers were incubated with interleukin (IL)‐4 and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor in the presence of culture supernatants from neuroblastoma cell lines. The culture supernatants from neuroblastoma cell lines, such as NLF and GOTO, partially blocked both downregulation of CD14 and upregulation of CD1a, and dramatically decreased IL‐12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α production from mature DC, while no effect of SH‐SY5Y cell supernatant was noted. In addition, IL‐6 and IL‐10 production from monocytes was increased by the supernatants of NLF and GOTO cells at 24 hours after incubation. Furthermore, we evaluated DC functions through stimulation of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. α‐Galactosylceramide‐pulsed DC co‐cultured with supernatants of NLF cells were unable to sufficiently stimulate iNKT cells. The decreased ability of iNKT cells to produce interferon (IFN)‐γ after stimulation with neuroblastoma cell line supernatant‐cultured DC was reversed by addition of IL‐12. CD40 expression and IL‐12 production in NLF‐sup‐treated DC were increased by addition of exogenous IFN‐γ. These results indicate that tolerogenic DC are induced in the neuroblastoma tumor microenvironment and attenuate the antitumor effects of iNKT cells. Interactions between iNKT cells and αGalCer‐pulsed DC have the potential to restore the immunosuppression of tolerogenic DC through IFN‐γ production.
Loading capacity of CAD/CAM‐fabricated anterior feldspathic ceramic crowns bonded to one‐piece zirconia implants with different cements
Authors: Nueesch Reto , Conejo Julian , Mante Francis , Fischer Jens , Märtin Sabrina , Rohr Nadja , Blatz Markus B.
Published: January 2019

Objective

This study evaluated the loading capacity of CAD/CAM‐fabricated anterior feldspathic ceramic crowns bonded to one‐piece zirconia implants with different cements.

Material and methods

Fifty one‐piece zirconia implants were embedded in epoxy resin. The abutment aspect of one implant was optically scanned and a standardized upper canine was designed with CAD‐software. Fifty feldspathic ceramic crowns were milled, polished, and mounted on the implants either without any cement, with a temporary cement or with three different composite resin cements after surface pretreatment as recommended by the manufacturers (n = 10). After storage in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hr, specimens were loaded until fracture on the palatal surface of the crown at an angle of 45° to the long axis of the implant and loads until fracture were detected and compared. Compressive strength of the investigated cement materials was determined. Statistical analyses were done with One‐way ANOVA followed by post hoc Fisher LSD test (α = 0.05).

Results

The cements revealed significantly different compressive strength values (temporary cement: 37.1 ± 7.0 MPa; composite resin cements: 185.8 ± 21.3, 277.9 ± 22.1, and 389.0 ± 13.6 MPa, respectively). Load‐at‐fracture values had an overall mean value of 237.1 ± 58.2 N with no significant difference among the composite resin cements (p > 0.05). Fracture load values with the temporary cement or without cement were significantly lower (p < 0.002).

Conclusions

CAD/CAM‐fabricated anterior feldspathic ceramic crowns bonded to one‐piece zirconia implants provide sufficient resistance to intraoral forces.
Low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma of acral sites: Case report and literature review
Authors: Saab‐Chalhoub Mario W. , Al‐Rohil Rami N.
Published: January 2019

Low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma that usually presents as a deep‐seated tumor in young adults; however, they can occur on superficial sites, mostly documented in pediatric age groups. LGFMS presenting on acral sites is not highly emphasized in the general pathology or dermatopathology literature. The case presented is that of a 30‐year‐old man with a foot mass that was removed 15 years earlier and subsequently recurred as two masses, the first occurring between the third and fourth toes/metatarsal region and the second over the lateral tarsal region. An excisional biopsy showed a relatively circumscribed, bland spindle cell proliferation with hypocellular and hypercellular zones. The cells showed minimal pleomorphism and lacked mitotic activity. Immunohistochemical analysis showed immunoreactivity for MUC4 and break‐apart fluorescence in situ hybridization was positive for FUS rearrangement, confirming the diagnosis of LGFMS. There are multiple spindle cell tumors that occur on acral sites which usually generates a list of differential diagnoses; however, LGFMS is not usually discussed in that anatomic location. Awareness of the occurrence of LGFMS on acral sites is important to avoid misdiagnosis of this deceptively benign‐appearing tumor.
A dark scenario for Cerrado plant species: Effects of future climate, land use and protected areas ineffectiveness
Authors: Velazco Santiago José Elías , Villalobos Fabricio , Galvão Franklin , De Marco Júnior Paulo
Published: January 2019

Aim

The anthropogenic climate change and land use change are considered two of the main factors that are altering biodiversity at the global scale. An evaluation that combined both factors can be relevant to detect which species could be the most vulnerable and reveal the regions of highest stability or susceptibility to biodiversity. We aimed to: (a) assess the effect of climate change and land use on the distribution of Cerrado plant species for different countries where they occur, (b) evaluate the effectiveness of the current network of protected areas (PAs) to safeguards species under different greenhouse–gas (GHG) emissions and land use scenarios, and (c) estimate the vulnerability of species based on protection effectiveness and habitat loss.

Location

Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay.

Methods

We modelled the distribution of 1,553 plant species of Cerrado and evaluated species range loss caused by present and future land use and two GHG for 2050 and 2080. We assessed species vulnerability combining the representativeness of species within conservation units with the loss of species’ ranges outside PAs.

Results

We found that climate change and land use will cause great damage to Cerrado flora by 2050 and 2080, even under optimistic conditions. The greatest impacts of land use will occur in the regions where the greatest richness will be harboured. The conservation of the species will be seriously affected since the PA network is not as effective in safeguarding them under current or future conditions.

Main conclusions

The low level of protection together with the losses caused by the advance of agricultural lands will lead most species being highly vulnerable. Due to the distinct impacts of climate and land use over the three countries, conservation strategies should be implemented at transboundary and national levels.
Economic Crises and Unemployment Persistence: Analysis of Job Losses During the Finnish Recession of the 1990s
Authors: Verho Jouko
Published: January 2019

This study estimates the effect of job loss for Finnish workers who were displaced during a severe recession in the early 1990s. The setting provides a sample of workers of which over 90% experienced unemployment after losing a job due to plant closure. We use linked employer–employee data to follow these workers up to 16 years after the job loss and to construct a closely matched comparison group of non‐displaced workers. We estimate a more than 58% initial drop in employment and earnings after the job loss. At the end of follow‐up, women's employment and earnings recover fully while men's employment remains 1–5% lower relative to the comparison groups, and men suffer a 5–8% earnings loss. We also find large effects on long‐term unemployment that diminish slowly, and long‐lasting effects on poverty risk.
Prevalence and risk factors of constipation and pollakisuria among older home‐care patients
Authors: Komiya Hitoshi , Umegaki Hiroyuki , Asai Atsushi , Kanda Shigeru , Maeda Keiko , Nomura Hideki , Kuzuya Masafumi
Published: January 2019

Aim

The prevalence of constipation and prevalence of pollakisuria among older patients receiving home medical care have not been reported, and risk factors for these symptoms are not clear in this setting. The present study sought to determine the prevalence and risk factors of constipation and pollakisuria among older patients receiving home medical care in Japan.

Methods

This study utilized data from patients in the Observational Study of Nagoya Elderly with Home Medical Care (n = 153). We carried out univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses with the presence of constipation or pollakisuria as the dependent variable to evaluate the relationships between constipation or pollakisuria and several covariates.

Results

The prevalence of constipation and pollakisuria were 56.9% and 15.7%, respectively. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that constipation was associated with Charlson Comorbidity Index score, polypharmacy and pollakisuria, and pollakisuria was associated with constipation and insomnia. Cardiovascular disease was inversely associated with constipation.

Conclusions

The prevalence of constipation among home‐care patients was as high as that reported for nursing home residents and higher than that among community‐dwelling individuals. Clinicians should be aware of increased constipation risk among home‐care patients, particularly for those with a high Carlson Comorbidity Index score, polypharmacy and/or pollakisuria. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 277–281.
A novel Nd3+‐doped MgO‐Al2O3‐SiO2‐based transparent glass‐ceramics: Toward excellent fluorescence properties
Authors: Han Lei , Li Cui , Lin Chang‐wei , Liu Jian‐lei , Wu Jia‐qi , Gui Hua , Zhang Qian , Luo Zhi‐wei , Liu Tao‐yong , Lu An‐xian
Published: January 2019

Generally, glass‐ceramics have superior properties compared to their parent glasses. Here, we prepared a novel Nd3+‐doped MgO‐Al2O3‐SiO2‐based transparent glass‐ceramics with excellent fluorescence properties. The effects of Nd2O3 content on the structure and properties of glass‐ceramics were studied, aiming to provide a key guidance for preparing this transparent glass‐ceramics. The results revealed that the glass stability increased originally and then decreased with increasing Nd2O3 content, so did the variation of wavenumbers in infrared spectra. And these glass‐ceramics are mainly composed of cordierite with residual glassy phase. The three phenomenological intensity parameters (Ω2,4,6) and radiative properties were estimated by Judd‐Ofelt theory, and the values of Ω2 first decreased and then increased with increasing Nd2O3 content. Three main emission peaks ascribed to the transitions from 4F3/2 to 4I9/2, 4I11/2, 4I13/2 at 898, 1057, 1330 nm were observed, respectively. The branching ratios for 4F3/2→4I11/2 transition increased as the Nd2O3 content raised, and the fluorescence lifetimes of the 4F3/2 level were found to increase first and then decrease with Nd2O3 content (from 181 to 726 μs). The excellent fluorescence properties indicate that this novel glass‐ceramics can be used as a potential solid‐state optical functional material for 1.06 μm laser emission.
Electoral Quid Pro Quo: A Defence of Barter Markets in Votes
Authors: Volacu Alexandru
Published: January 2019

In this article I aim to provide the first normative discussion of barter voting markets, namely markets which allow the trading of votes on issues/elections for votes on other issues/elections. The article is framed within the wider literature on the legal permissibility of vote buying, with a particular focus on the recent debate between Christopher Freiman and James Stacey Taylor. I argue that while Taylor's objections successfully defeat Freiman's case in favour of standard voting markets, they are unable to also defeat the type of voting markets outlined here. Furthermore, I argue that there are at least two plausible prima facie reasons in favour of barter voting markets, grounded in their capacity to contribute to the alleviation of injustice for systematically disadvantaged socio‐economic groups and to their capacity to reduce one form of bad voting, i.e. voting from ignorance.
Some important overlooked aspects of odors in avian nesting ecology
Authors: Shutler Dave
Published: January 2019

Although outdated opinions about poor avian olfaction have largely disappeared in recent decades, there has been inadequate attention paid to olfaction of other organisms that interact with birds and their nests. In particular, olfaction is likely more important than vision for many biting arthropods and for many reptilian, mammalian, and likely even some bird predators of nests (e.g. some procellariiforms, piciforms, and corvids), but crypsis (or attractiveness) of nest odors has largely been ignored in the literature. Given the pivotal importance of nest success to a bird's fitness, there has likely been strong selection to conceal inadvertent cues to nest locations, including odors. Here, I summarize what is known about this, and discuss a few important topics I deem worthy of deeper investigation.