bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age-related network connectivity pattern changes are associated with risk for psychosis
Authors: Passiatore R. , Antonucci L. , Deramus T. , Fazio L. , Stolfa G. , Andriola I. , Sangiuliano M. , Altamura M. , Saponaro A. , Brudaglio F. , Carofiglio A. , Popolizio T. , Sambataro F. , Blasi G. , Bertolino A. , Calhoun V. , Pergola G.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Psychosis onset typically occurs during adolescence or early adulthood, coinciding with the latest stage of brain maturation. Alterations in brain functional connectivity (FC) accompany the emergence of psychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairments. Thus, age-related FC changes may be informative regarding psychosis onset.

Objectives

We defined neurotypical age-related FC trajectories and hypothesized that FC of individuals at familial and clinical high risk (HR) for psychosis deviates from FC of neurotypical controls (NC).

Methods

We analyzed two independent cohorts, of (a) 356 early adult NC (yNC; age=22±2y, m:f=149:207), and 127 mature adult NC (aNC; age=38±7y, m:f=79:48), and (b) 92 yNC (age=22±2y, m:f=34:58), 33 aNC (age=36±6y, m:f=21:12), 38 early HR adults (age=20±3y, m:f=18:20). We acquired fMRI data from multiple scans (resting-state, working memory, episodic memory, and implicit emotion processing). FC was obtained by computing Pearson’s correlations between time-courses of every independent component (IC) defined by an Independent Component Analysis approach (NeuroMark). Age-varying components of interest (yNC/aNC differences on FC based on linear mixed effect regressions) were tested for differences between HR and yNC through the Wilcoxon rank-sum
test.

Results

showed age-related FC differences (yNC/aNC) in a set of 17 IC pairs (pFDR<0.05). HR showed increased FC within a network including dorsolateral and medial prefrontal cortices, and sensorimotor cortex, while decreased FC between cerebellum and the parietal and visual cortices, compared with yNC (pFDR<0.05). HR showed no significant difference compared with aNC (pFDR>0.05).

Conclusions

This study tested FC alterations associated with the risk for psychosis and highlighted the relationship between psychosis and potentially altered brain functional processes.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Anxiety and depression among Tunisian women victims of domestic violence
Authors: Jbir R. , Aribi L. , Abid W. , Jbir I. , Charfeddine F. , Ellouze S. , Aloulou J.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Violence against women is now widely recognized as an important public health problem with substantial consequences on mental health, that is why health professionals should be identifying, preventing, and responding to violence against women more effectively.

Objectives

To study the prevalence and predictors of anxiety and depression among women victim of domestic violence

Methods

Our study was descriptive and analytical cross-sectional, carried out with women examined in the context of medical expertise, from May until October 2021. An anonymous survey was asked to these ladies. The HADS was used to screen for anxiety and depression

Results

75 responses was collected The age group of 26-35 years represents the highest percentage 44%. 98.7%were victim of verbal violence,94.7% of physical violence, 97.3% of psychological violence and 54.7 % of sexual violence According to the HAD, anxiety was retained in 72% and depression in 56%. Women who filed for divorce developed more depression (p=0.01). Women with a history of infertility were more anxious than others (p=0.025). Anxiety and depression were significately correlated with : the husband alcohol (p=0.01) and cannabis consumption(p=0.015). The ladies victims of sexual violence such as an unusual type of relationship developed more anxiety (p=0.045). An history of aggression during pregnancy was a risk factor of anxiety (p=0.035)

Conclusions

Our work has shown the association between violence against women and anxiety-depressive symptoms. The results of our work inspire us to reflect on and develop actions on the scourge of violence against women in a conjugal environment and its psychological repercussions.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Descriptive analysis of adherence to mindfulness-based group therapies: online versus face-to-face interventions
Authors: Navarro Oliver G. , Castellanos Villaverde T. , Torrea Araiz I. , Vidal Bermejo E. , Hospital Moreno A. , Louzao Rojas I. , Fernández-Jiménez E.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The use of technological supports in psychotherapeutic interventions has been widespread in recent years. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the increase has been greater. The feasibility of online group interventions has been proved in previous studies. Research comparing dropout rates in group interventions with clinical population that include mindfulness training is infrequent.

Objectives

To compare the difference in dropout rates between online and face-to-face mindfulness-based group interventions.

Methods

This study was carried out in a Mental Health Unit in Colmenar Viejo (Madrid, Spain). One hundred thirty-five adult patients with anxiety disorders were included in group interventions (74 face-to-face; 61 online). The group treatments were Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and a Mindfulness-based Emotional Regulation intervention, during 8 weeks, guided by two Clinical Psychology residents. A descriptive analysis of dropout rates (participants attending 3 or fewer sessions out of the total number of participants starting the intervention) was performed.

Results

Of the 135 patients included, 8 did not participate in the interventions (5 face-to-face; 3 online), which represents a 5.93% rejection rate; 6.76% for the face-to-face intervention and 4.92% for the online intervention. Of the remaining sample (127 participants), a total dropout rate of 12.6% was obtained, with 8.69% in the face-to-face intervention versus 17.24% online.

Conclusions

A higher dropout rate was obtained in online interventions compared to face-to-face, with an increase of almost double. Research on specific factors that may interfere with treatment adherence to online group interventions is needed.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on suicidal ideation admissions: a single adolescent and young adult psychiatry center experience
Authors: Vila-Chã D. , Leal B. , Pinto I. , Mateiro R. , Avelino M. , Salgado J.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown brought about a sense of fear and anxiety around the globe. This phenomenon led to both short and long term psychosocial and mental health implications for children and adolescents.

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admissions for suicidal ideation in a Portuguese adolescent and young adult psychiatry service.

Methods

We conducted a single-center, retrospective study including adolescent and young adult patients (15-25 years old) admitted to our service with suicidal ideation within a year before and a year after the declaration date of SARS-CoV-2 disease as a pandemic. Patients were divided in two groups: Group A - patients admitted before the pandemic (March 11, 2019 and March 11, 2020) and Group B – patients admitted after the pandemic declaration (March 12, 2020 and March 12, 2021). The groups characteristics and outcomes were assessed and compared.

Results

A total of 647 admissions were assessed (Group A, n= 372 and Group B, n=275). Demographic characteristics were similar between groups. 75 patients (vs 25 patients) were admitted with suicidal ideation in the year before the pandemic. There was a lower proportion of patients admitted with suicidal ideation during the year after the pandemic year - OR 0.374 (95% CI 0.228-0.614, P<0.001).

Conclusions

Our study showed a decrease in admissions for suicidal ideation in this service in the year after the pandemic. More studies are needed to understand the factors that may justify this decline and evaluate the longer effects of this pandemic in mental health.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Factor Structure of Catatonia in Catatonic Depression
Authors: Barkhatova A. , Bolgov M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Depression with catatonic features is a relatively common condition that can pose difficulties in nosological assessment and lead to life-threatening complications.

Objectives

To determine the structure of catatonia associated with depression, and its subtypes.

Methods

The exploratory factor analysis with maximum likelihood (MLE) data extraction and varimax rotation was used in a sample of 96 patients with depressive, bipolar or schizophrenia spectrum disorders, who were depressed and who met the criteria for catatonia according to the Bush-Francis Catatonia Screening Instrument (BFCSI).

Results

The factor analysis revealed four factors of catatonia in depression, accounting for 57.3% of the variance. “Agitated” factor (eigenvalue 5.65, 18.2% of the variance) includes agitation, impulsivity, emotional lability, verbigeration, sudden muscular tone alterations, ambitendency, perseveration and stereotypy. “Hypokinetic” factor (eigenvalue 5.05, 16.3% of the variance) includes mutism, withdrawal, stupor, staring, negativism, rigidity, posturing and gegenhalten. “Proskinetic” factor (eigenvalue 3.65, 11.8% of variance) includes automatic obedience, mitgehen, echophenomena, catalepsy and waxy flexibility. “Parakinetic” factor (eigenvalue 3.41, 11.0% of variance) includes grimacing, flat affect, compulsive emotions, mannerisms and compulsive behavior. “Agitated catatonia” is a more specific subtype and is usually associated with bipolar disorder. “Hypokinetic catatonia” is the most common but less specific subtype. “Proskinetic catatonia” in depression does not occur apart from other subtypes of catatonia. “Parakinetic catatonia” is most commonly associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Conclusions

Our study shows the heterogeneity of catatonic features in depression and facilitates the nosological diagnosis of catatonic depression.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Empathy and the Underlying Psychosocial Basis of Aggressive Behavior and Sexual Trauma
Authors: Hazeghazam M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The reports on the adverse impact of sexual trauma on mental health are known to the medical community. In workplaces where power hierarchy is an essence for the establishment, like the military, there has been a tsunami of reports on sexual trauma. Empathy plays a defining role in human relationships and development.

Objectives

To explore the relationship between power and empathy by studying the prevalence of sexual assault among our population of women veterans who report their sexual assault occurred by a higher rank serviceman.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted in Women Health Clinic over 11 months period. A total of 117 charts were reviewed from 03/2019 to 02/2020. The information of 42 patients with sexual trauma was tabulated on an excel spreadsheet.

Results

25 (59%) of 42 patients had military sexual trauma (MST). Of 25 who reported MST, the majority, 17 (72%), said trauma was from a serviceman with a higher status, and 2 (8%) were from the same rank.The distribution of military divisions was 14 (56%) army, 5 (20) % navy, and 4 (16%) were from the air force.

Conclusions

Correlation between the prevalence of assaultive behavior and a higher status in rank was demonstrated in a sample of women veterans. 72% reported the higher rank servicemen caused the sexual offence. Our finding supports that a higher position in status is likely a determining factor for aggressive behavior. There is an opportunity to turn our attention to education and staff training to help them improve their compassion and empathy.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The gap between self-reported and medically confirmed Gender Incongruence/Gender Dysphoria among students in china
Authors: He Y. , Pan Y. , Chen X.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

As the incidence of gender incongruence (GI)/gender dysphoria (GD) rises yearly, public understanding of transgender is also increasing, whereas this improvement cannot be achieved without extensive transgender-related surveys. However, most of the surveys were only issued to people who identify themselves as transgender with the absence of medical confirmations in most situations. These result in a gap between transgender survey and diagnosed GI/GD.

Objectives

This study aims to discover the gap between self-reported and diagnostically confirmed transgender and GI/GD individuals among students in China.

Methods

We chose two middle schools and one college from Changsha (a city in China) at random with a total of 2047 students. Among them, 1661 students gave us certain gender identify responses in which we categorized them into two types (cisgender and gender minorities). Professional psychiatrists then used ICD-11 and DSM-5 criteria to confirm whether the self-reported gender minorities could be diagnosed with GI/GD via phone or in person.

Results

In total, 7.5% of the college students and 5.8% of the middle school students reported themselves as gender minorities. Although 29% of college students and 43.8% of middle school students did not cooperate with the subsequent psychiatric interviews, none of the self-reported gender minority students meet the GI/GD criteria of ICD-11/DSM-5.

Conclusions

The epidemiological investigation of transgender is heavily affected by the definition and the data sources. There is a huge heterogeneity between self-reported transgender and diagnosed GI/GD. Future transgender studies should strictly control inclusion criteria.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Increased spectral power of theta rhythm is not associated with decreased supragranular thickness in first-episode schizophrenia
Authors: Tomyshev A. , Lebedeva I. , Abdullina E. , Kaleda V.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Schizophrenia is associated with disturbances in neurophysiological processes. However, the relation of EEG and ERP parameters to structural supragranular cortical abnormalities, observed in schizophrenia, remains unclear.

Objectives

The purpose was to characterize EEG and ERP disturbances and their relationship to changes occurring in supragranular cortical layers in subjects with schizophrenia.

Methods

43 first-episode schizophrenia (FES) male patients and 43 matched healthy controls (HC) underwent background EEG and standard two-tones oddball ERP recording and structural MRI at 3T Philips scanner. MRI images were processed via FreeSurfer and MATLAB to derive two markers specific to supragranular thickness change: gyral-sulcal thickness differences (GSTD) and gyral-sulcal intrinsic curvature differences on pial surface (GSCD) (github.com/kwagstyl/schizophrenia_gyral_sulcal).

Results

Theta rhythm spectral power was increased in FES while P300 amplitudes and latencies, N100 (to non-targets) amplitudes, alpha rhythm spectral power were not altered compared to HC. GSCD measures were increased in temporal, parietal and occipital cortices, whereas both GSTD and GSCD were increased in the right frontal cortex in FES. No correlations between altered EEG and supragranular thickness markers survived correction for multiple comparisons.

Conclusions

Presumably, theta rhythm has a widespread circuit of generators, including the cortical ones. However, we have not found correlations between EEG and supragranular markers in FES. Considering an absence of correlations between theta and hippocampal volumes (Lebedeva et al., 2020), a speculative interpretation is that the neurophysiological disturbances may be associated with a more complex patterns of more localized structural and functional impairments.

Disclosure

The work was supported by RFBR grant 20-013-00748.
Vascular risk factors affect different brain regions in people with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Tripathi S. , Murray A. , Wischik C. , Schelter B.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Vascular risk factors including hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia promote diverse pathological mechanisms in the brain leading to cerebral hypoperfusion and ultimately cognitive decline in people. Medial temporal, medial frontal and anterior cingulate atrophy has been closely associated with diabetes and medial temporal lobe atrophy is associated with hypertension in people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Objectives

To assess if hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia have differential effects on different brain locations using brain imaging in people with AD.

Methods

The current study is based on [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose- positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) data of 970 participants from two large Phase III multi-centre clinical trials of a novel tau aggregation inhibitor drug Leuco-Methylthioninium (LMTX)meeting research criteria for mild to moderate AD. Vascular risk factor data including hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia were collected and quantification of FDG PET hypo-metabolism was done by calculating Standardized Uptake Value Ratio(SUVR).

Results

Hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia were found to have differential effects on brain locations in people with AD. When people with hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia were compared to those without, mean SUVR was increased significantly in both left and right parietal and occipital lobes and decreased in left and right anterior cingulate gyri in hypertensives. SUVR was significantly higher in both left and right temporal lobes in diabetics andlower in both left and right anterior cingulate gyri in people with dyslipidaemia.

Conclusions

Vascular risk factors including hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia have differential effects on different brain regions, measured using SUVR analysis of FDG-PET.

Disclosure

The FDG-PET data was taken from participants of two large phase III clinical trials sponsored by TauRx Therapeutics (Singapore). TauRx Therapeutics has contributed towards my studentship during my PhD but the data related to drug used in the clinical tria
Mental health and associated factors among undergraduate students during Covid-19 pandemic in Chile
Authors: Ramirez S. , Valdés J. , Díaz F. , Solorza F. , Christiansen P. , Lorca G. , Gaete J.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Very few studies have explored mental health among undergraduate students in Chile, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. International studies have estimated the prevalence of depression at around 28%.

Objectives

i) To determine the prevalence of mental health problems among undergraduate students at a private university in Chile; ii) to explore the associated factors in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study, approved by the Ethical Committee of the Universidad de los Andes, Santiago Chile (CEC201984). Undergraduate students completed an online survey between August and September 2020. Mental health was assessed using The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21; suicidality, using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale; insomnia using the Insomnia Severity Index; and several individual, family, and university factors. Variables regarding the Covid-19 were also assessed, such as personal and family history of covid-19 contagion and death of family members due to Covid-19. A multivariate logistic analysis was performed.

Results

5,037 students responded to the survey. 70.4% were female, mean age, 21 years. 37.1% had depression; 38%, anxiety; 54.6%, stress; 32.6%, insomnia; and 20.5%, suicidal ideation (last month). The most important risk factors were non-medical use of benzodiazepine and fear of contracting Covid-19; the most relevant protective factors were high family functionality and a high sense of university belonging.

Conclusions

This is one of the first studies that has evaluated mental health among undergraduate students in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic in Chile. The findings showed concerning levels of mental health problems.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Thwarted belongingness as a factor of lower anxiety of being infected and power adherence to recommendations in pandemic in female adolescents
Authors: Sadovnichaja V. , Rasskazova E. , Tkhostov A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Poor adherence with recommendations during pandemic is wide-spread and increases populational risk of being infected (Smith et al., 2020, Webster et al., 2020, Freeman et al., 2020). Revealing psychological factors of low adherence in adolescents is important for interventions planning. This study tests the role of perceived social support and belongingness in COVID-related anxiety and adherence.

Objectives

The aim was to reveal relationships between COVID-related anxiety, monitoring of information about pandemic, adherence to recommendations and interpersonal needs in female adolescents.

Methods

183 female adolescents (13-21 years old) filled Anxiety Regarding Pandemic Scale, Information Monitoring and Adherence To COVID-related Recommendations Scales (Tkhostov, Rasskazova, 2020), Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (Van Orden et al., 2012).

Results

Female adolescents moderately (m±sd=3.32±1.40 of 1–6-point scale) worried about negative consequences of pandemic on their life and lowly worried about risk of being infected (m±sd=2.53±1.15). Their adherence to recommendations was upper medium (m±sd=3.42±1.18). Neither worries nor adherence were related to age. Perceived burdensomeness was unrelated to COVID-related anxiety and adherence while thwarted belongingness was related to lower anxiety of being infected (r=-.23, p<.01) and poorer adherence to recommendations (r=-.19, p<.05).

Conclusions

In female adolescents thwarted belongingness is a risk factor of poor adherence to COVID-related recommendations because of lower anxiety of being infected. Research is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-04-60072.

Disclosure

Research is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-04-60072.
The early Impact of stress related to COVID-19 Pandemic on physicians in Tunisia
Authors: Sayari N. , Ellini S. , Wissal C. , Halayem S. , Cheour M. , Damak R.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Contagious disease outbreaks can have major repercussions on medical stuff. Doctors in Tunisia were requested to act as the first-line filter in managing active cases during the beginning of COVID19 pandemic.

Objectives

This study aims to assess perceived stress in Tunisian doctors during COVID19 pandemic early stages and to identify factors associated to stress in order to guide prevention strategies.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study conducted through an online survey, from April 18th 2020 to June 6th 2020. A 62-item semi-structured survey was created, consisting of 5 series of questions and scales. Linear regression models were performed to identify the associations between the study variables and the perceived stress score of the participants.

Results

We included 203 physicians in this study. Stress levels were high among Tunisian doctors with a mean perceived stress score (PSS) of 28.6. One hundred fifteen participants (56.3%) scored for high PSS. This study identified vulnerable subgroups too stress. The female gender, working in the capital and working in critical medicine units were risk factors for high PSS. Managing COVID19 patients was not itself correlated to stress, however social isolation, stigma and luck of access to information were correlated to high stress levels.

Conclusions

Several stressors can affect the well-being of doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic, which can lead to adverse psychosocial outcomes. The findings of this study may guide decision-makers to implement early mental health interventions for doctors.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
An Observational Study on the Walking Proximity between Off licenses plus Bookmakers and Community Mental Health Facilities in County Dublin
Authors: Wong M.C. , Azvee Z. , Wong C.W. , Duffy R.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Dual diagnosis is commonly treated by Community Mental Health Team (CMHT). Addiction is a common complicating factor in individuals with major mental illnesses. It is established that businesses on high streets impact on the public’s health.

Objectives

We hope to generate discussion about the planning and the placement of community mental health services.

Methods

The location of County Dublin community mental health teams’ outpatient clinics’ and day hospitals’ were obtained from the Health Service Executive directory website. All off licenses’ and bookmakers’ addresses in County Dublin were obtained from the Irish Revenue Commissioners website. The distances were measured using Google Maps and a programming script to generate a matrix under one-kilometre radius walking distances between the locations. No ethical approval is required. All Data are sought from publicly available websites.

Results

On average, there are 6.29 (SD 4.20; Median 5.) off-licenses and 2.4 (SD 2.28; Median 2) bookmarkers offices per mental health facility within1 km walking distance. The Central Dublin Mental Health Service has the highest prevalence of off-licenses (45, 34.4%), and the Central South Dublin Service(20, 39.2%) has the highest prevalence of bookmakers. Southeast Dublin Service has the lowest in both businesses. The closest distance to an off-license from mental health facilities was 0 meters.

Conclusions

Psychiatrists have a role in advocating the needs of individuals with dual diagnoses. The Department of Health and Health Service Executive (HSE) should develop a guideline and protocol for the community health services in the structuring and planning mental health services in the community health outpatient service setup.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Cost-effectiveness of a multidisciplinary lifestyle-enhancing treatment for inpatients with severe mental illness: the MULTI study V
Authors: Deenik J. , Van Lieshout C. , Van Driel H. , Frederix G. , Hendriksen I. , Van Harten P. , Tenback D.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Economic evaluations of lifestyle interventions for people with mental illness are needed to inform policy makers and managers about implementing such interventions and corresponding reforms in routine mental healthcare.

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate changes in healthcare costs 18 months after the implementation of a multidisciplinary lifestyle-enhancing treatment for inpatients with severe mental illness (MULTI) versus treatment as usual (TAU).

Methods

In a cohort study (n=114; 65 MULTI, 49 TAU), we retrospectively retrieved cost data in Euros on all patient sessions, ward stay, medication use, and hospital referrals in the quarter year at the start of MULTI (Q1 2014) and after its evaluation (Q3 2015). We used linear regression analyses correcting for baseline values and differences between groups, calculated quality-adjusted life years (QALY) and deterministic incremental cost-effectiveness ratios, and performed probabilistic sensitivity analyses.

Results

Adjusted regression showed reduced total costs per patient per quarter year in favor of MULTI (B=-736.30, 95%CI: -2145.2–672.6). Corresponding probabilistic sensitivity analysis accounting for uncertainty surrounding the parameters showed MULTI was dominant over TAU with a saving in total costs of €417.48 (95%-CI: -2,873.2–2,042.1) against 0.06 improvement in QALY (95%-CI: -0.08–0.20). Costs saving estimates were statistically non-significant showing wide confidence intervals.

Conclusions

Regardless of cost savings, MULTI did not increase healthcare costs while improving QALY and additional previously observed health outcomes. This indicates that starting lifestyle interventions does not need to be hampered by costs. Potential societal and economic value may justify investment to support implementation and maintenance. Further research is needed to study this hypothesis.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Venlafaxine-induced spontaneous ejaculation: Case report and literature review
Authors: Gundogmus I. , Tekin S. , Tasci A.B. , Uzun Ö.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Venlafaxine is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and its extensive use for major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. Although it has been reported that venlafaxine may have various side effects, as far as we know, spontaneous ejaculation(SE) has not been reported yet.

Objectives

We aim to describe this clinical case with venlafaxine-induced SE and to discuss the possible etiological factors.

Methods

Case report and literature review.

Results

A 53-year-old male with generalized anxiety disorder was initiated venlafaxine treatment with 75 mg/day. After two months patient’s complaints partially regressed and the dose of venlafaxine treatment was increased to 150 mg/day. 10 days after the dose increase, the patient applied with the complaint of SE 2-3 times a day. No urological etiology was found. During outpatient follow-ups, after the 5 days from reducing the daily dose to 75 mg/day, SE complaint completely regressed. After following couple of months, the patient by himself, increased the dose of venlafaxine to 150 mg/day without consulting a psychiatrist. Then SE recurred approximately 15 days later. Venlafaxine treatment dose was reduced again to 75 mg/day and urological complaints spontaneously regressed.

Conclusions

SE, a rare sexual side effect, represents ejaculation that occurs involuntarily and in the absence of any sexual stimuli. The possible mechanism of SE, detected as a side effect in our case, may be that increased adrenergic activity reduces ejaculatory latency and triggers spontaneous ejaculation. Antidepressant-associated sexual dysfunction could be a dose-dependent adverse event. Therefore, reducing the dosage of the treatment to a minimum effective dose could be an option.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Clinical relevance of Paliperidone Palmitate three-month intramuscular injection formulation: an Italian Real-World, Retrospective, one-year Mirror Image Study
Authors: Vanzetto S. , Cirnigliaro G. , Battini V. , Piccoli E. , Vismara M. , Viganò C. , Dell’Osso B.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Paliperidone Palmitate 3-month (PP3M) formulation, introduced in Italy since 2017, is an effective and safety therapeutic option for patients with schizophrenia, clinically stable with 1-month formulation (PP1M). Only a few “Real World” studies investigated the clinical relevance of PP3M and the long-term clinical and health resource utilization outcomes.

Objectives

The aim of this retrospective, mirror image study was to evaluate the efficacy of PP3M in terms of continuity of care and number of hospitalizations.

Methods

Fifty outpatients treated with Paliperidone Palmitate (PP) were recruited from a Community Mental Health Centre (CMHC) in Milan. Statistical analysis were conducted with SPSS 26. Frequencies of hospitalization 6 months before and after the start of PP3M were compared using the McNemar test, setting the significance to p<0.05.

Results

This study involved 34 patients (68%) treated with PP1M and 16 (32%) treated with PP3M.The median time interval between PP1M and PP3M was 14 months. After the switch to PP3M, 69% of patients continued to visit the CMHC with an unchanged frequency (50% once/month, 6% more than once/month), while 31% with a decreased frequency (once/3 months). No patient increased the frequency of CMHC visits or started visiting it discontinuously. 44% of subjects had had at least one hospitalization prior to the switch and no hospitalizations after (p=0.016). Moreover, no patients showed increased hospitalizations

Conclusions

In this study PP3M clinical relevance was confirmed comparing pre-initiation and post-initiation 6-months time intervals: hospitalizations number significantly decreased, while the continuity of care was preserved. Further studies on a greater sample are necessary to support these preliminary data.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Efficacy and tolerability of brexpiprazole in patients with psychotic and mood disorders: a pilot study
Authors: Civardi S.C. , Bassetti N. , Arienti V. , Besana F. , Politi P. , Brondino N. , Olivola M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Brexpiprazole is a novel antipsychotic drug. It exerts antagonistic activity at the serotonin 5HT2A, 5HT2B, 5HT7 and noradrenaline alpha 1b/2c receptors; it also acts as partial agonist of serotonin 5HT1 and dopamine D2, D3 receptors. Brexpiprazole is approved for the treatment of schizophrenia and as an add-on therapy for major depression.

Objectives

This pilot study aims at exploring efficacy and tolerability of Brexpiprazole in a small sample of patients diagnosed with either a psychotic or a mood disorder.

Methods

This observational study was conducted at our Acute Psychiatric Inpatient Unit. We included 7 patients (5 males, 2 females) hospitalized between 2020 and 2021, diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders or mood disorders with psychotic symptoms confirmed by Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Patients who participated signed an informed consent. Information concerning diagnosis, demographic characteristics (age, sex, education, marital status) and pharmacological therapy were collected examining clinical records. The average lenght of hospitalization was 13.4 days. Psychopathology was assessed by means of the PANSS and the severity of the illness was evaluated with CGI severity scale (CGI-S), both on admission and discharge. We also administered the UKU scale to evaluate the tolerability profile.

Results

.

Results can be seen in figures 1, 2, 3

Conclusions

Our study found a significant improvement in both positive and negative symptoms, with good tolerability. Limitations of our study are: small sample size and limited period of observation. These premises suggest that further research is needed in order to elucidate the exact mechanisms underlying Brexpiprazole’s action and the possible implication in mood disorders.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Frailty in Secure Forensic Mental Health Settings: A Study from Dundrum Hospital, Ireland
Authors: Murphy F. , Mcloughlin A. , Butler A. , Davoren M. , Kennedy H.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Frailty is defined as a clinical syndrome that encompasses a combination of decreased physiological reserve and low resistance to stressors. There is an association between mental illness and frailty among elderly cohorts. Frailty is also associated with obesity and smoking. There are high rates of treatment resistant schizophrenia among patients in secure forensic services. Patients with schizophrenia have high rates of morbidity and early mortality.

Objectives

The primary aim of this study was to examine the rates of frailty present in a complete cohort of forensic in-patients.

Methods

An assessment using Fried Frailty criteria was offered to all in-patients (n=95) in Ireland’s National Forensic Service, which included measures of walking speed, grip strength, low physical activity and exhaustion. Demographic details and details pertaining to diagnoses and medications were also gathered.

Results

Of the 95 in-patients, 92 patients agreed to participate. The majority were male (89%). The most common diagnosis was schizophrenia (71.7%). Mean age was 44.7 years (SD 11.42), and 58.2% met criteria for obesity. Of the total group, 47 patients met criteria for ‘pre-frail’ and 10 met criteria for ‘frail’ using Fried criteria.

Conclusions

This is the first study examining frailty in a cohort of patients in secure forensic settings. We found high rates of patients meeting frailty criteria at very young ages. Rates of frailty in this group were comparable to those found amongst elders in community settings. We consider this demonstrates significant medical vulnerability in this patient group.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Family involvement in forensic psychiatric care: a professionals’ perspective
Authors: Rowaert S. , Vandevelde S. , Lemmens G.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Research shows that family members of forensic patients often have the feeling not to be sufficiently involved in the treatment and care trajectories of their relative. Also professionals indicate to encounter several barriers to involve family members, including lack of time and skills, organizational barriers and meddling family members.

Objectives

This study aimed to map professionals’ reflections on family involvement in forensic psychiatric care. The research questions related to how professionals experience family involvement in forensic care and what needs to change in the future? A specific focus is placed on changes in their perspective over time.

Methods

Findings of focus groups administered in 2015 with professionals working in forensic psychiatric care were supplemented with interview data collected in 2021.

Results

The results show that there are several differences in how professionals experience and look at family involvement in forensic psychiatric care. Where in 2015 the question often was raised about what can be done as a professional for family members, professionals now more refer to the added value of family involvement for both the forensic patient and his/her care trajectory.

Conclusions

The past six years, there seemed to be an evolution in how professionals experience the involvement of family members in forensic psychiatric care, that is increasingly perceived as valuable. Yet, the professionals indicated that challenges remain regarding professional confidentiality and shared decision making.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Arson and Schizophrenia: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Gill G. , Rothman S. , Yadav G. , Riess P.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Firesetting is a behavior, arson is a crime, and pyromania is a psychiatric diagnosis. Arson is a criminal act in which a person or group of persons willing fully and maliciously sets fire or aid in firesetting to cause harm to property, people, and infrastructure. The likelihood of an arson offender having schizophrenia is 20 times greater than that in the general population. Here, we describe the case of a male in his 50’s, a first-time arsonist, who suffered from schizophrenia since his late teens prior to the onset of random firesetting behavior.

Objectives

To understand the association between Arson and Schizophrenia.

Methods

A case report, as well as a review of the literature, was conducted.

Results

The patient is a male in his 50’s carrying a diagnosis of Schizophrenia with over 50 inpatient hospitalizations. He was observed standing on the threshold of a neighbor’s apartments where he allegedly set fire to a pile of clothing. These charges are based upon allegations that he attempted to set fire to a 14-storey apartment building. At the time of his assessment, he was floridly psychotic. He was found not fit to stand trial. He was restarted on Clozapine and Depakote which is the medication he had the most success with.

Conclusions

Literature shows that Arson and firesetting behaviors are quite commonly seen in patients with mental disorders. Arson often has sequelae that negatively impact the community. The strong correlation between firesetting behavior and mental disorders needs extensive, detailed collaboration between psychiatry, legal expertise, and fire services.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Disentangling early and late onset of psychosis in women
Authors: Díaz-Pons A. , González-Rodríguez A. , Ortiz-García De La Foz V. , Seeman M. , Facorro C. , Ayesa-Arriola R.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Women present a second peak of incidence of psychosis during menopausal transition, partially explained by the loss of estrogen protection conferred during the reproductive years. Despite this, few studies compare sociodemographic, biological, clinical varibles and neurocognitive performance between women with early onset of psychosis (EOP) and those with late onset of psychosis (LOP).

Objectives

Our aim was to characterize both groups in a large sample of women, of which 294 were FEP patients (EOP = 205; LOP = 85) and 202 were healthy controls (HC) grouped following cutoff point (<>40 years of age) in previous studies.

Methods

Clinical and laboratory assessments were completed. Neurocognitive performance was also evaluated, and a cognitive global deficit score (GDS) was derived. ANCOVA was used for comparisons.

Results

EOP women were more frequently single and unemployed than comparable HC. Cholesterol levels in LOP women were higher than those of EOP women. LOP presented less severe symptoms, and higher scores in processing speed and premorbid IQ than EOP patients. Cannabis and alcohol use were also more frequent in EOP than LOP women.

Conclusions

Women with EOP and LOP show several sociodemographic, neuropsychological and clinical differences which may be valuable for planning personalized treatment emphasizing in socialization and differential generational dynamics. Some of these differences may be due to the aging process, while others might be influenced by factors such as lack of estrogen neuroprotection. In turn, drug consumption, low IQ and recent experienced trauma could as well reduce efficacy of hormonal neuroprotection.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Frequency of clinical appointments in subjects with emergent suicidal ideation
Authors: Qian J. , Yasmin N. , Deluca V.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder strongly associated with suicidal behaviour up to 20-50 times higher than those in the general population. However, treatments from primary healthcare workers and mental health specialists may improve daily function and increase recovery.

Objectives

Our study aims to investigate if the frequency of interactions with healthcare specialists affects suicidal ideation for patients with schizophrenia.

Methods

84 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder were recruited from the Centre of Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) in Toronto, Canada. Patient medical charts were reviewed to determine the number of therapeutic interactions in two periods: up to three months from baseline, and retrospectively 3 months before baseline.

Results

19 patients with worsening suicidal ideation had an average of 5.1 more visits following baseline (SD = 6.94), compared to 64 patients with non-emergent SI had 12.0 more visits following baseline (SD = 18.8).

Conclusions

Patients with worsening suicidal ideation had fewer visits from healthcare professionals as compared to those without worsening suicidal ideation. However, further research is necessary to determine the correlation between healthcare visits and suicidal ideation in this population.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Naming ang Comprehension Features in Language of Schizophrenia Adolescents. Nouns and Verbs Task
Authors: Shvedovskiy E. , Zvereva N. , Balakireva E.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Naming and comprehension are standing amog the basic language functions, which allow individuals to realize the communication domain of language. Naming and comprehension imparements are well-studied (Sebastian et al., 2018) in most affected patient groups (for example aphasia patients), but at the same time schizophrenia process may cause it’s specific language disorders (Andreasen et al., 1985). Adolescent age is a very sensitive period in the context of beginning of schizophrenia.

Objectives

The purpose of present study was to identify which language imparement (naming or comprehension) is the most affected in adolescent non-psychotic schizophrenia in this age. Also, authors were aimed at the check of selected tool sensitivness to schizophrenia patients

Methods

Subjects of present study were patients with schizophrenia of Moscow psychiatry clinic (n=20, mean age=14,4), subdivided by DS (F20.xx, F21.xx) and syndromes (national Russian psychiatric subdivision inside the DS). All DS and syndromes were additionally qualified by the clinical professional. Following methods were used: medical history analysis (expert diagnosisqualification, syndromic analysis), Test “Quantative Language Assessment in Aphasia” (QLAA) (Tsvetkova et al., 1981), statistical analysis. QLAA consists from the 4 subtests: naming of objects (NO), actions (NA); comprehension of objects (CO), actions (CA). Answers were quantified by the 3-mark scale (0-0,5-1).

Results

Mean QLAA NO = 14,5; NA = 14,5; CO = 16; CA = 19. Ingroup comparison using U-criteria showed that differences between NO and CA are the most significant (p<0.05). Differences in all other pairs are not so significant.

Conclusions

language comprehension is studied group of adolescent patients with schizophrenia is the most affected language domain

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Focus on neuroenhancement: a systematic review and its ethical implications
Authors: Massa L. , Palermo S. , Ivaldi T. , Della Vecchia A. , Mucci F. , Marazziti D. , Dell’Osso L.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Pharmacological and cognitive neuroenhancement refer to the non-medical use of prescription drugs, alcohol, illegal drugs, or the so-called soft enhancers, to enhance cognition, mood, work or school performance, or to promote pro-social behaviour. Literature on the topic is meagre, and available data only partially enlightens their use.

Objectives

The aim of this paper is to review and comment on the available literature on pharmacological neuroenhancement and, secondary, on emotional enhancement.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, PsychInfo and Google Scholar databases were accessed to select English language articles, published from 1980 to April 2020. 11746 papers were initially selected and 123 papers were finally included.

Results

Available literature indicates a widespread and increasing use of different kinds of substances, drugs and food supplements mainly with neuroenhancing purposes, especially amongst specific populations of young healthy subjects. The evidence regarding their efficacy is controversial. Further, a limited or no awareness regarding the possible consequences of their abuse/misuse emerges amongst users.

Conclusions

Despite the limited evidence that some substances may improve cognitive functions in healthy subjects and neglecting their detrimental side effects and potential risk of misuse, abuse and addiction, there is an increasing worldwide use of the so-called neuroenhancers, especially in some categories of individuals, such as university students. Further studies are needed to collect reliable data on the effects of neuroenhancers in healthy subjects. Neuroenhancement puts into question the concept of authenticity, so that the problem requires to be analyzed within a complex ethical conceptual frame.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.