bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peripheral Branch Injury Induces Oxytocin Receptor Expression at the Central Axon Terminals of Primary Sensory Neurons
Authors: El Heni Heni , Kemenesi-Gedei Péter Bátor , Pálvölgyi Laura , Kozma-Szeredi Ivett Dorina , Kis Gyöngyi
Published: December 2023

Considerable evidence suggests that oxytocin, as a regulatory nonapeptide, participates in modulatory mechanisms of nociception. Nonetheless, the role of this hypothalamic hormone and its receptor in the sensory pathway has yet to be fully explored. The present study performed immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and RT-qPCR analysis to assess changes in the expression of the neuronal oxytocin receptor in female rats following tight ligation of the sciatic nerve after 1, 3, and 7 days of survival. Oxytocin receptor immunoreactivity was present in both dorsal root ganglia and lumbar spinal cord segments, but not accumulated at the site of the ligation of the peripheral nerve branch. We found a time-dependent change in the expression of oxytocin receptor mRNA in L5 dorsal root ganglion neurons, as well as an increase in the level of the receptor protein in the lumbar segment of the spinal cord. A peak in the expression was observed on day 3, which downturned slightly by day 7 after the nerve ligation. These results show that OTR expression is up-regulated in response to peripheral nerve lesions. We assume that the importance of OTR is to modify spinal presynaptic inputs of the sensory neurons upon injury-induced activation, thus to be targets of the descending oxytocinergic neurons from supraspinal levels. The findings of this study support the concept that oxytocin plays a role in somatosensory transmission.
The Role of Chloride Channels in Plant Responses to NaCl
Authors: Liu Lulu , Li Xiaofei , Wang Chao , Ni Yuxin , Liu Xunyan
Published: December 2023

Chloride (Cl−) is considered a crucial nutrient for plant growth, but it can be a challenge under saline conditions. Excessive accumulation of Cl− in leaves can cause toxicity. Chloride channels (CLCs) are expressed in the inner membranes of plant cells and function as essential Cl− exchangers or channels. In response to salt stress in plants, CLCs play a crucial role, and CLC proteins assist in maintaining the intracellular Cl− homeostasis by sequestering Cl− into vacuoles. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is the primary substance responsible for causing salt-induced phytotoxicity. However, research on plant responses to Cl− stress is comparatively rare, in contrast to that emphasizing Na+. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the plant response and tolerance to Cl− stress, specifically focusing on comparative analysis of CLC protein structures in different species. Additionally, to further gain insights into the underlying mechanisms, the study summarizes the identified CLC genes that respond to salt stress. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the response of CLCs in terrestrial plants to salt stress and their biological functions, aiming to gain further insights into the mechanisms underlying the response of CLCs in plants to salt stress.
Dysregulation of Regulatory ncRNAs and Diseases
Authors: El-Gewely Mohamed Raafat
Published: December 2023

Cancer was initially attributed to genetic mutations and gene alterations, which resemble genetic diseases caused by various modifications of a specific gene in the genome sequence [...]
Identification of MicroRNAs Associated with Histological Grade in Early-Stage Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: Kurozumi Sasagu , Seki Naohiko , Narusawa Eriko , Honda Chikako , Tokuda Shoko , Nakazawa Yuko , Yokobori Takehiko , Katayama Ayaka , Mongan Nigel P. , Rakha Emad A. , Oyama Tetsunari , Fujii Takaaki , Shirabe Ken , Horiguchi Jun
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to identify microRNAs associated with histological grade using comprehensive microRNA analysis data obtained by next-generation sequencing from early-stage invasive breast cancer. RNA-seq data from normal breast and breast cancer samples were compared to identify candidate microRNAs with differential expression using bioinformatics. A total of 108 microRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in normal breast and breast cancer tissues. Using clinicopathological information and microRNA sequencing data of 430 patients with breast cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the differences in candidate microRNAs between low- and high-grade tumors were identified. Comparing the expression of the 108 microRNAs between low- and high-grade cases, 25 and 18 microRNAs were significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in high-grade cases. Clustering analysis of the TCGA cohort using these 43 microRNAs identified two groups strongly predictive of histological grade. miR-3677 is a microRNA upregulated in high-grade breast cancer. The outcome analysis revealed that patients with high miR-3677 expression had significantly worse prognosis than those with low miR-3677 expression. This study shows that microRNAs are associated with histological grade in early-stage invasive breast cancer. These findings contribute to the elucidation of a new mechanism of breast cancer growth regulated by specific microRNAs.
The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Anorexia Nervosa in Children and Adults—Systematic Review
Authors: Anton-Păduraru Dana-Teodora , Trofin Felicia , Nastase Eduard Vasile , Miftode Radu Stefan , Miftode Ionela-Larisa , Trandafirescu Mioara Florentina , Cojocaru Elena , Țarcă Elena , Mindru Dana Elena , Dorneanu Olivia Simona
Published: December 2023

Among the factors incriminated in the appearance of eating disorders, intestinal microbiota has recently been implicated. Now there is evidence that the composition of gut microbiota is different in anorexia nervosa. We gathered many surveys on the changes in the profile of gut microbiota in patients with anorexia nervosa. This review comprehensively examines the contemporary experimental evidence concerning the bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and the brain. Drawing from recent breakthroughs in this area of research, we propose that the gut microbiota significantly contributes to the intricate interplay between the body and the brain, thereby contributing to overall healthy homeostasis while concurrently impacting disease risk, including anxiety and mood disorders. Particular attention is devoted to elucidating the structure and functional relevance of the gut microbiota in the context of Anorexia Nervosa.
Parasite DNA and Markers of Decreased Immune Activation Associate Prospectively with Cardiac Functional Decline over 10 Years among Trypanosoma cruzi Seropositive Individuals in Brazil
Authors: Sunderraj Ashwin , Cunha Luisa Marin , Avila Matheus , Alexandria Shaina , Ferreira Ariela Mota , de Oliveira-da Silva Léa Campos , Ribeiro Antonio L. P. , Nunes Maria do Carmo Pereira , Sabino Ester C. , Landay Alan , Kalil Jorge , Chevillard Christophe , Cunha-Neto Edecio , Feinstein Matthew J.
Published: December 2023

Parasitemia and inflammatory markers are cross-sectionally associated with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) among patients with Trypanosoma cruzi. However, the prospective association of the parasite load and host immune response-related characteristics with CCC (that is, progressors) among T. cruzi seropositive individuals has only been partially defined. In a cohort of T. cruzi seropositive patients in Montes Claros and São Paulo, Brazil who were followed over 10 years, we identified the association of a baseline T. cruzi parasite load and systemic markers of inflammation with a decline in cardiac function and/or the presence of cardiac congestion 10 years later. The progressors (n = 21) were individuals with a significant decline in the left ventricular ejection fraction and/or elevated markers of cardiac congestion after 10 years. The controls (n = 31) had normal markers of cardiac function and congestion at the baseline and at the follow-up. They were matched with the progressors on age, sex, and genetic ancestry. The progressors had higher mean parasite loads at the baseline than the controls (18.3 vs. 0.605 DNA parasite equivalents/20 mL, p < 0.05). Of the 384 inflammation-related proteins analyzed, 47 differed significantly at a false discovery rate- (FDR-) corrected p < 0.05 between the groups. There were 44 of these 47 proteins that were significantly higher in the controls compared to in the progressors, including the immune activation markers CCL21, CXCL12, and HCLS1 and several of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily of proteins. Among the individuals who were seropositive for T. cruzi at the baseline and who were followed over 10 years, those with incident CCC at the 10-year marker had a comparatively higher baseline of T. cruzi parasitemia and lower baseline markers of immune activation and chemotaxis. These findings generate the hypothesis that the early impairment of pathogen-killing immune responses predisposes individuals to CCC, which merits further study.
Monitoring the Intracellular pH and Metabolic State of Cancer Cells in Response to Chemotherapy Using a Combination of Phosphorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy
Authors: Druzhkova Irina , Komarova Anastasiya , Nikonova Elena , Baigildin Vadim , Mozherov Artem , Shakirova Yuliya , Lisitsa Uliana , Shcheslavskiy Vladislav , Ignatova Nadezhda , Shirshin Evgeny , Shirmanova Marina , Tunik Sergey
Published: December 2023

The extracellular matrix (ECM), in which collagen is the most abundant protein, impacts many aspects of tumor physiology, including cellular metabolism and intracellular pH (pHi), as well as the efficacy of chemotherapy. Meanwhile, the role of collagen in differential cell responses to treatment within heterogeneous tumor environments remains poorly investigated. In the present study, we simultaneously monitored the changes in pHi and metabolism in living colorectal cancer cells in vitro upon treatment with a chemotherapeutic combination, FOLFOX (5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and leucovorin). The pHi was followed using the new pH-sensitive probe BC-Ga-Ir, working in the mode of phosphorescence lifetime imaging (PLIM), and metabolism was assessed from the autofluorescence of the metabolic cofactor NAD(P)H using fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) with a two-photon laser scanning microscope. To model the ECM, 3D collagen-based hydrogels were used, and comparisons with conventional monolayer cells were made. It was found that FOLFOX treatment caused an early temporal intracellular acidification (reduction in pHi), followed by a shift to more alkaline values, and changed cellular metabolism to a more oxidative state. The presence of unstructured collagen markedly reduced the cytotoxic effects of FOLFOX, and delayed and diminished the pHi and metabolic responses. These results support the observation that collagen is a factor in the heterogeneous response of cancer cells to chemotherapy and a powerful regulator of their metabolic behavior.
Rhodophyta DNA Barcoding: Ribulose-1, 5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase Gene and Novel Universal Primers
Authors: Mshiywa Faith Masilive , Edwards Shelley , Bradley Graeme
Published: December 2023

Red algae (Rhodophyta) are a heterogeneous group of marine algal species that have served as a source of high-value molecules, including antioxidants and scaffolds, for novel drug development. However, it is challenging to identify Rhodophytes through morphological features alone, and in most instances, that has been the prevailing approach to identification. Consequently, this study undertook the identification of red algae species in Kenton-on-Sea, South Africa, as a baseline for future research on red algae biodiversity and conservation. The identification was achieved by designing, analysing, and using a set of universal primers through DNA barcoding of the rbcL gene. The PCR products of the rbcL gene were sequenced, and 96% of the amplicons were successfully sequenced from this set and matched with sequences on BOLD, which led to these species being molecularly described. Amongst these species are medicinally essential species, such as Laurencia natalensis and Hypnea spinella, and potential cryptic species. This calls for further investigation into the biodiversity of the studied region. Meanwhile, the availability of these primers will ease the identification process of red algae species from other coastal regions.
Evaluation of a Modified Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Intervention for Adults with Cerebral Palsy and Anxiety and/or Emotion Regulation Difficulties—A Randomised Control Trial
Authors: Smithers-Sheedy Hayley , Waight Emma , Swinburn Katherine L. , Given Fiona , Hooke Kate , Webb Annabel , McIntyre Sarah , Henry Georgina , Honan Ingrid
Published: December 2023

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has not yet been evaluated for people with cerebral palsy (CP). The aims of this randomised control trial were to investigate whether a modified telehealth MBSR program could improve mindfulness and reduce depression, anxiety, and emotion regulation difficulties among adults with CP with elevated anxiety and/or emotional regulation difficulties. Participants (n = 31) with elevated anxiety and/or emotion regulation difficulties and no/mild intellectual impairment were randomised to a modified telehealth MBSR program (90 min weekly, 9 weeks) group or a wait-list group. Measurements were collected prior to (T1), after (T2), and 8 weeks post-intervention (T3). The primary outcome was the mean between-group difference in the change in Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-R (CAMS-R) scores in T1–T2. The secondary outcomes included mean within-group differences over time for the CAMS-R total scores, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale—21 subscales, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) total t-score. We found no statistically significant between-group difference in mean change in mindfulness scores for T1–T2 (primary outcome). Secondary outcomes: The MBSR intervention group had improved CAMS-R scores with respect to T1–T2 and T1–T3; improved mean scores for Depression and Stress subscales for T1–T2; and improved DERS t-scores for T1–T2 and T1–T3. In conclusion, this study found no significant between-group difference for the primary outcome of mindfulness. The MBSR program was successfully modified for adults with CP and was effective in improving depression, stress, and emotion regulation. ACTRN12621000960853
Drug-Related Problems in Elderly Patients Attended to by Emergency Services
Authors: Ruiz-Ramos Jesús , Plaza-Diaz Adrián , Roure-i-Nuez Cristina , Fernández-Morató Jordi , González-Bueno Javier , Barrera-Puigdollers María Teresa , García-Peláez Milagros , Rudi-Sola Nuria , Blázquez-Andión Marta , San-Martin-Paniello Carla , Sampol-Mayol Caterina , Juanes-Borrego Ana
Published: December 2023

The progressive aging and comorbidities of the population have led to an increase in the number of patients with polypharmacy attended to in the emergency department. Drug-related problems (DRPs) have become a major cause of admission to these units, as well as a high rate of short-term readmissions. Anticoagulants, antibiotics, antidiabetics, and opioids have been shown to be the most common drugs involved in this issue. Inappropriate polypharmacy has been pointed out as one of the major causes of these emergency visits. Different ways of conducting chronic medication reviews at discharge, primary care coordination, and phone contact with patients at discharge have been shown to reduce new hospitalizations and new emergency room visits due to DRPs, and they are key elements for improving the quality of care provided by emergency services.
Optic Neuritis: The Influence of Gene Polymorphisms and Serum Levels of STAT4 (rs10181656, rs7574865, rs7601754, rs10168266)
Authors: Gedvilaite Greta , Duseikaitė Monika , Dubinskaite Gabrielė , Kriauciuniene Loresa , Zemaitiene Reda , Liutkevicienė Rasa
Published: December 2023

The aim of the study was to evaluate the associations of STAT4 (rs10181656, rs7574865, rs7601754, rs10168266) gene polymorphisms and STAT4 serum level in patients with optic neuritis. Eighty-one subjects with optic neuritis (ON) and 158 healthy subjects participated in the study. Genotyping was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction to obtain data. STAT4 serum level was determined using the ELISA method. Statistical analysis revealed that STAT4 rs7574865 allele G was statistically significantly more frequent in patients with ON and multiple sclerosis (MS) than in the control group (84.38% vs. 65.93%, p = 0.003). STAT4 rs10168266 allele C was statistically significantly more frequent in the ON group with MS than in the control group (89.06% vs. 71.75%, p = 0.003). The haplotypes G-G-A-C and C-T-A-T of STAT4 (rs10181656, rs7574865, rs7601754, rs10168266) were associated with an 11.5- and 19.5-fold increased odds of ON occurrence (p = 0.003; p = 0.008, respectively). In optic neuritis without MS occurrence, STAT4 (rs10181656, rs7574865, rs7601754, rs10168266) haplotypes G-G-A-C and C-T-A-T were found to be associated with 32.6- and 9-fold increased odds of ON without MS (p = 0.002, p = 0.016, respectively). The current findings may indicate a risk role of STAT4 (rs10181656, rs7574865, rs7601754, rs10168266) G-G-A-C and C-T-A-T haplotypes in the occurrence of optic neuritis.
Emerging Therapeutic Options for Refractory Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: The Evidence and Proposed Mechanisms of Action
Authors: Nelson Nathaniel C. , Kogan Rebecca , Condos Rany , Hena Kerry M.
Published: December 2023

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease with heterogenous clinical phenotypes characterized by non-necrotizing granuloma formation in affected organs. Most disease either remits spontaneously or responds to corticosteroids and second-line disease-modifying therapies. These medications are associated with numerous toxicities that can significantly impact patient quality-of-life and often limit their long-term use. Additionally, a minority of patients experience chronic, progressive disease that proves refractory to standard treatments. To date, there are limited data to guide the selection of alternative third-line medications for these patients. This review will outline the pathobiological rationale behind current and emerging therapeutic agents for refractory or drug-intolerant sarcoidosis and summarize the existing clinical evidence in support of their use.
Is It Safe to Resume Direct Oral Anticoagulants upon Discharge after Hip Fracture Surgery? A Retrospective Study
Authors: Katzir Alona , Fisher-Negev Tamar , Or Omer , Jammal Mahmoud , Mosheiff Ram , Weil Yoram A.
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to examine the incidence rate of early reoperations following hip fracture surgery and determine the safety of resuming direct oral anticoagulants. Many orthopedic surgeons are reluctant to resume chronic anticoagulation therapy for patients after surgical intervention for hip fractures. One of the main reasons is the potential for reoperation in the case of surgical complications. We conducted a retrospective cohort study at an Academic Level I trauma center, reviewing the records of 425 geriatric patients (age > 60) who underwent hip fracture surgery between 2018 and 2020, including a subgroup treated with direct oral anticoagulants prior to hospitalization. The study assessed the incidence rate of complications requiring early reoperation. Out of the 425 patients, only nine (2%) required reoperation within a month after discharge, with two (0.5%) on chronic anticoagulation therapy. None of the reoperations were urgent, and all were performed at least 24 h after re-admission. The findings revealed a very low incidence rate of reoperations in patients who underwent hip fracture surgery, with no reoperations performed within 24 h of re-admission. Consequently, we believe that resuming chronic direct oral anticoagulants is a safe and effective approach when discharging patients after hip fracture surgery.
Haemodynamic Parameters Underlying the Relationship between Sarcopenia and Blood Pressure Recovery on Standing
Authors: Duggan Eoin , Knight Silvin P. , Xue Feng , Romero-Ortuno Roman
Published: December 2023

Background: Sarcopenia, delayed blood pressure (BP) recovery following standing, and orthostatic hypotension (OH) pose significant clinical challenges associated with ageing. While prior studies have established a link between sarcopenia and impaired BP recovery and OH, the underlying haemodynamic mechanisms remain unclear. Methods: We enrolled 107 participants aged 50 and above from a falls and syncope clinic, conducting an active stand test with continuous non-invasive haemodynamic measurements. Hand grip strength and five-chair stand time were evaluated, and muscle mass was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Participants were categorised as non-sarcopenic or sarcopenic. Employing mixed-effects linear regression, we modelled the effect of sarcopenia on mean arterial pressure and heart rate after standing, as well as Modelflow®-derived parameters such as cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, and stroke volume, while adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Sarcopenia was associated with diminished recovery of mean arterial pressure during the 10–20 s period post-standing (β −0.67, p < 0.001). It also resulted in a reduced ascent to peak (0–10 s) and recovery from peak (10–20 s) of cardiac output (β −0.05, p < 0.001; β 0.06, p < 0.001). Furthermore, sarcopenia was associated with attenuated recovery (10–20 s) of total peripheral resistance from nadir (β −0.02, p < 0.001) and diminished recovery from peak (10–20 s) of stroke volume (β 0.54, p < 0.001). Notably, heart rate did not exhibit a significant association with sarcopenia status at any time interval post-standing. Conclusion: The compromised BP recovery observed in sarcopenia appears to be driven by an initial reduction in the peak of cardiac output, followed by attenuated recovery of cardiac output from its peak and total peripheral resistance from its nadir. This cardiac output finding seems to be influenced by stroke volume rather than heart rate. Possible mechanisms for these findings include cardio-sarcopenia, the impact of sarcopenia on the autonomic nervous system, and/or the skeletal muscle pump.
Segmentation of Substantia Nigra in Brain Parenchyma Sonographic Images Using Deep Learning
Authors: Gusinu Giansalvo , Frau Claudia , Trunfio Giuseppe A. , Solla Paolo , Sechi Leonardo Antonio
Published: December 2023

Currently, Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is diagnosed primarily based on symptoms by experts clinicians. Neuroimaging exams represent an important tool to confirm the clinical diagnosis. Among them, Brain Parenchyma Sonography (BPS) is used to evaluate the hyperechogenicity of Substantia Nigra (SN), found in more than 90% of PD patients. In this article, we exploit a new dataset of BPS images to investigate an automatic segmentation approach for SN that can increase the accuracy of the exam and its practicability in clinical routine. This study achieves state-of-the-art performance in SN segmentation of BPS images. Indeed, it is found that the modified U-Net network scores a Dice coefficient of 0.859 ± 0.037. The results presented in this study demonstrate the feasibility and usefulness of SN automatic segmentation in BPS medical images, to the point that this study can be considered as the first stage of the development of an end-to-end CAD (Computer Aided Detection) system. Furthermore, the used dataset, which will be further enriched in the future, has proven to be very effective in supporting the training of CNNs and may pave the way for future studies in the field of CAD applied to PD.
Revitalising Rural Spaces: Lessons Learnt from Brownfield Regeneration in a Shrinking Region
Authors: Klusáček Petr , Dvořák Petr , Trojan Jakub
Published: December 2023

In the post-socialistic space, old, industrialised regions are not only dealing with problems with the regeneration of industrial brownfields but also with the occurrence of post-agricultural brownfields. The main objective of this paper is to identify and interpret how a successful network of cooperating actors was formed that participated in the process of transforming an agricultural brownfield into a successful rural business zone. From a methodological perspective, the article is based on the findings derived from a set of written memories with ten key actors who were involved in the redevelopment process. The studied regeneration project, which was implemented thanks to the successful cooperation of network of actors both from different hierarchical levels (local, regional and central level) and from the different sectors (public, private and non-profit sector), regenerated an area of 10.4 hectares thanks to both public and private investments of approximately CZK 240 million. Regeneration contributed to the creation of approximately 450 new jobs, and thanks to this project, the population in Třanovice also increased significantly in the transition period (1991–2021), which the studied community positively distinguishes from the shrinking urban centres and rural communities in the post-industrial neighbourhoods.
Rural Shrinkage: Depopulation and Land Grabbing in Chilean Patagonia
Authors: Mansilla-Quiñones Pablo , Uribe-Sierra Sergio Elías
Published: December 2023

One current global problem is the shrinkage of rural areas, which is expected to become an increasingly recurrent dynamic caused by the transformations in land uses and forms of habitation of the contemporary era. Patagonia is a suitable case study to understand the processes and challenges exposed by rural shrinkage, which not only addresses population loss but also the causes and consequences that transform rural territories. Its remote geographical location and climate conditions make it a complex place for human settlement. The objective is to describe the relationship between the agrarian structure and rural population decline in Chilean Patagonia. Taking a mixed methodological approach that combines the geohistorical review of settlement processes and the use of statistical procedures with census data, the presence of significant inequalities in the distribution of land and the accumulation of areas in large properties is discussed. The loss of rural population was identified, which may be driven by unequal access to land favoring concentration for extractive activities such as large-scale sheep farming, hydrocarbons and biofuels production. This prompts the exodus of young people to urban centers in search of work and education because land grabbing limits economic options, and rural depopulation reduces service coverage without timely responses from political institutions. This has caused the rural shrinkage in territories with demographic imbalances, with high aging and masculinization rates that hinder the repopulation of these areas, which have historically suffered from underpopulation. In conclusion, population strategies in these areas based on extractivism and a strict land ownership regime have not facilitated permanent human settlement but have instead complicated it more.
Visceral and Ectopic Abdominal Fat Effect on the Calcification of the Abdominal Aorta and Its Branches—An MSCT Study
Authors: Ordulj Ivan , Šarić Frano , Tandara Mirko , Jerković Kristian , Lovrić Kojundžić Sanja , Marinović Guić Maja , Beneš Miodrag , Budimir Mršić Danijela
Published: December 2023

Visceral and ectopic fat accumulation might have an impact on the atherosclerotic calcification of abdominal arteries. The pattern of calcification of the abdominal aorta and its branches is not fully investigated. We retrospectively analyzed the abdominopelvic MSCT images and calculated calcification volumes of the abdominal aorta, celiac trunk, superior and inferior mesenteric arteries, and both common and external iliac arteries. On the same MSCT scans, a visceral fat volume and ectopic fat deposits (liver-to-spleen ratio (L/S) and pancreas-to-spleen (P/S) ratio) were also measured. The results showed that calcifications of the abdominal aorta and its branches were associated with visceral fat volume, less strongly associated with L/S, and not associated with the P/S ratio. The abdominal aorta, the common iliac and external iliac arteries were more calcified arteries compared to the celiac trunk and superior and mesenterial arteries. In conclusion, visceral fat has a stronger effect on abdominopelvic arteries’ calcification than ectopic fat. Visceral aortic branches are generally less calcified than iliac arteries.
Combined Soil Microorganism Amendments and Foliar Micronutrient Nanofertilization Increased the Production of Allium cepa L. through Aquaporin Gene Regulation
Authors: Berna-Sicilia José A. , Quizhpe-Romero Mercy , Hurtado-Navarro María , Pascual José A. , Carvajal Micaela , Bárzana Gloria
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of changes in aquaporin expression on the growth of onion (Allium cepa L.) plants when subjected to dual applications of microorganism-based soil amendments and foliar nanoencapsulated mineral nutrients. Multiple physiological parameters related to water, gas exchange, and nutrient content in leaf, root, and bulb tissues were determined. Additionally, the gene expression of aquaporins, specifically PIP1, PIP2 (aquaporin subfamily plasma membrane intrinsic protein), and TIP2 (aquaporin subfamily tonoplast intrinsic protein), was analyzed. The findings revealed that the foliar application of nutrients in a nanoencapsulated form significantly enhanced nutrient penetration, mobilization, and overall plant growth to a greater extent than free-form fertilizers. Amendments with microorganisms alone did not promote growth but influenced the production of secondary metabolites in the bulbs. The combination of microorganisms and nanoencapsulated mineral nutrients demonstrated synergistic effects, increasing dry matter, mineral content, and aquaporin gene expression. This suggests that aquaporins play a pivotal role in the transport of nutrients from leaves to storage organs, resulting in the overexpression of PIP2 aquaporins in bulbs, improved water uptake, and enhanced cell growth. Therefore, the combined treatment with microorganisms and nanoencapsulated mineral nutrients may be an optimal approach for enhancing onion productivity by regulating aquaporins under field conditions.
Nuclear Distribution of the Chromatin-Remodeling Protein ATRX in Mouse Early Embryos during Normal Development and Developmental Arrest In Vitro
Authors: Bogolyubova Irina O. , Sailau Zhuldyz K. , Bogolyubov Dmitry S.
Published: December 2023

The chromatin-remodeling protein ATRX, which is currently recognized as one of the key genome caretakers, plays an important role in oogenesis and early embryogenesis in mammals. ATRX distribution in the nuclei of mouse embryos developing in vivo and in vitro, including when the embryos are arrested at the two-cell stage—the so-called two-cell block in vitro—was studied using immunofluorescent labeling and FISH. In normally developing two- and four-cell embryos, ATRX was found to be closely colocalized with pericentromeric DNA sequences detected with a probe to the mouse major satellite DNA. The association of ATRX with pericentromeric heterochromatin is mediated by nuclear actin and reduced after the treatment of embryos with latrunculin B. When culturing embryos in vitro, the distribution pattern of ATRX changes, leading to a decrease in the association of this protein with major satellite DNA especially under the two-cell block in vitro. Taken together, our data suggest that the intranuclear distribution of ATRX reflects the viability of mouse embryos and their probability of successful preimplantation development.
Advances in Identifying the Mechanisms by Which Microorganisms Improve Barley Salt Tolerance
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Guo Zhenzhu , Zhou Longhua , Xu Hongwei , Liu Chenghong , Yan Xin
Published: December 2023

As the global human population continues to increase, the use of saline–alkali land for food production is an important consideration for food security. In addition to breeding or cultivating salt-tolerant crop varieties, microorganisms are increasingly being evaluated for their ability to improve plant salt tolerance. Barley is one of the most important and salt-tolerant cereal crops and is a model system for investigating the roles of microorganisms in improving plant salt tolerance. However, a comprehensive review of the mechanisms by which microorganisms improve barley salt tolerance remains lacking. In this review, the mechanisms of barley salt tolerance improvement by microorganisms are summarized, along with a discussion of existing problems in current research and areas of future research directions. In particular, with the development of sequencing technology and the great reduction of prices, the use of omics can not only comprehensively evaluate the role of microorganisms but also evaluate the impact of the microbiome on plants, which will provide us with many opportunities and challenges in this research area.
The Influence of Load and Speed on the Initial Breakdown of Rolling Bearings Exposed to Electrical Currents
Authors: Puchtler Steffen , Maier Robert , Kuhn Martin , Burkhardt Yves
Published: December 2023

The reason for the failure of electric vehicle drives is increasingly current-induced damage to rolling bearings. Studies show that rolling bearings are more susceptible to current pass-through after the first occurrence of unwanted bearing currents. To investigate this effect, a test plan is introduced with variations in axial and radial loads, as well as rotational speeds. A new bearing is mechanically run-in for each test point and then subjected to a realistic voltage signal of gradually increasing amplitude. After the initial breakdown, the different voltage amplitudes are applied again to investigate the behavior after the initial breakdown. During the whole test, the maximum current, the duration and the dissipated energy of each breakdown are measured. The results provide insights into the processes after the initial breakdown and the stochastic nature of the breakdown behavior.
Multiferroic Properties of Co, Ru, and La Ion Doped KBiFe2O5
Authors: Apostolov Angel , Apostolova Iliana , Wesselinowa Julia
Published: December 2023

The magnetic, electric, dielectric, and optical (band gap) properties of ion doped multiferroic KBiFe2O5 (KBFO) have been systematically investigated utilizing a microscopic model and the Green’s function theory. Doping with Co at the Fe site and Ru at the Bi site induces changes in magnetization, coercive field, and band gap energy. Specifically, an increase in magnetization is observed, while the coercive field and band gap energy decrease. This behavior is attributed to the distinct ionic radii of the doped and host ions, leading to alterations in the exchange interaction constants. The temperature dependence of the polarization P reveals a distinctive kink at the Neel temperature TN, which shifts to higher temperatures with an increase in the applied magnetic field h. Furthermore, doping with Ru and La leads to an increase in polarization. The temperature dependence of the dielectric constant exhibits two peaks at the Neel temperature TN and the Curie temperature TC. Notably, these peaks diminish with increasing frequency. Additionally, the dielectric constant demonstrates a decrease with the rise in the applied magnetic field h. This study sheds light on the intricate interplay between ion doping, structural modifications, and multifunctional properties in KBFO, offering valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms governing its behavior across various physical domains.
Research the Dimensional Accuracy of C45 Steel Ring Forgings Produced by Radial Rolling
Authors: Gontarz Andrzej , Surdacki Piotr , Michalczyk Jacek
Published: December 2023

The rolling process of rings is a commonly used method for producing annular forgings. There are two primary types of this process: radial-axial rolling and radial rolling. This article presents the research results regarding the latter, in which obtaining a product with the assumed dimensions constitutes a major problem. In industrial practice, the process parameters are based on the experience of technologists and/or by trial and error. This is why the authors considered it justified to undertake the research aimed at determining the influence of the main process parameters, that is, preform temperature and tool speed, on the shape and dimensions of the cross-section, which determine the internal and external diameters of the rolled ring. The research was based on numerical simulations and experimental studies. The results obtained proved that the higher the feed speed of the main roll, the greater the change in the cross-sectional height during rolling, and the smaller the cross-sectional deformation (the so-called fishtail). Nevertheless, a higher preform temperature reduces the final height of the ring and reduces cross-section deformation. On the basis of the obtained test results, guidelines for the process design were postulated, considering the influence of temperature and speed parameters on the final dimensions of the forging and the dimensions of the preform.
Design and Numerical Analysis of an Inside-Beam Powder Feeding Nozzle for Wide-Band Laser Cladding
Authors: Lu Lin , Shi Tuo , Li Gang , Wei Chao , Fu Geyan
Published: December 2023

Wide-band laser cladding technology has emerged as a solution to the limitations of traditional cladding techniques, which are small single-path dimensions and low processing efficiency. The existing wide-band cladding technology presents challenges related to the high precision required for the laser–powder coupling and the significant powder-divergence phenomenon. Based on the inside-beam powder-feeding technology, a wide-band powder-feeding nozzle was designed using the multi-channel powder flow shaping method. The size of the powder spot obtained at the processing location can reach 40 mm × 3 mm. A computational fluid dynamics analysis using the FLUENT software was conducted to investigate the impact of the nozzle’s structural parameters on the powder distribution. It was determined that the optimal configuration was achieved when the powder-feeding channel was 8, and the transverse and longitudinal dimensions for the collimating gas outlet were 0.5 mm and 1 mm, respectively. Among the process parameters, an increase in the carrier gas flow rate was found to effectively enhance the stability of powder transportation. However, the powder feed rate had minimal impact on the powder concentration distribution, and the collimating gas flow rate appeared to have a minimal effect on the divergence angle of the powder stream. Wide-band laser cladding experiments were conducted using the designed powder-feeding nozzle, and a single-path cladding with a width of 39.96 mm was finally obtained.
Synthesis of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid and Its Application in Biomedical Materials
Authors: Cai Minjian , Han Yumin , Zheng Xianhong , Xue Baigong , Zhang Xinyao , Mahmut Zulpya , Wang Yuda , Dong Biao , Zhang Chunmei , Gao Donghui , Sun Jiao
Published: December 2023

Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a natural polymer composed of glutamic acid monomer and it has garnered substantial attention in both the fields of material science and biomedicine. Its remarkable cell compatibility, degradability, and other advantageous characteristics have made it a vital component in the medical field. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the production methods, primary application forms, and medical applications of γ-PGA, drawing from numerous prior studies. Among the four production methods for PGA, microbial fermentation currently stands as the most widely employed. This method has seen various optimization strategies, which we summarize here. From drug delivery systems to tissue engineering and wound healing, γ-PGA’s versatility and unique properties have facilitated its successful integration into diverse medical applications, underlining its potential to enhance healthcare outcomes. The objective of this review is to establish a foundational knowledge base for further research in this field.
Fundamental Atomistic Insights into Tunable Tribological Performance of NbC/Nb Films through Thickness and Depth Effects
Authors: Salehinia Iman
Published: December 2023

Ceramic–metal nanolaminates (CMNLs) are promising scratch-resistant coatings, but knowledge gaps remain regarding the interactive effects of individual layer thickness and scratch depth. This study employed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the tribological performance of NbC/Nb CMNLs, systematically varying ceramic and metal layer thicknesses (0.5–7.5 nm) and scratch depths (3, 5 nm). Models were loaded under displacement-controlled indentation followed by scratching. Mechanical outputs like material removal, friction coefficients, normal, and friction forces quantified scratch resistance. Material removal was even below that for NbC alone, demonstrating the multilayer benefit. Thinner layers showed complete penetration by the indenter, with material rolled in front rather than piled up. Thicker layers resisted penetration, enabling pile-up and lower friction coefficients due to higher normal forces. Excessive material removal decreased normal forces and raised friction coefficients. Peak coefficient occurred around 1.5–3 nm layer thicknesses where substantial top layer volumes were removed, minimizing ceramic under the indenter. Layer thickness corresponding to lowest material removal depended on scratch depth, with 3 nm and 7.5 nm layer thickness for 3 and 5 nm depths, respectively. Metallic layers reduced stiffness and drove material downward over piling up. Quantifying scratch resistance versus geometric parameters elucidates fundamental physics to facilitate superior CMNL coating fabrication.
Experiments on Oxidation and Combustion Behaviors of Cerium Metal Slice with Slow Heating under O2/Ar Atmospheric Conditions
Authors: Li Shun , Zheng Xianglong , Wang Yongpeng , Pan Sheqi , Qi Qin , Shi Zhanghong , Wu Yingchun , Wang Xiaolin
Published: December 2023

Cerium (Ce) metal is commonly involved in fires due to its high activity in terms of chemical properties, posing a critical threat to equipment and human health. The oxidization, combustion and oxidization-to-combustion transition of cerium are complicated processes, and a full understanding of detailed evolution behaviors is lacking. A series of experiments are executed to study the oxidation-to-combustion process of cerium metal slices (CMSs) in an O2/Ar atmosphere of 0.3 mg/mL O2. Macroscopic features and micro-transformation behaviors of the physicochemical process are characterized using high-speed imaging, spectroscopy, XRD, AFM, SEM-EDX, and TGA. Results show that the evolution behaviors of CMS present three critical transitions, namely, the oxidation stage (OS), ignition and combustion stage (ICS) of heterogeneous reaction, and extinction stage (ES). The evolutions of CMS structure, oxide layer thickness, surface morphology and micro-zone composition at several key moments during the OS elucidate the transformation mechanism. The surface of CMS is firstly oxidized to Ce2O3 and then to CeO2, and these oxides experience their formation, grow, and gradually aggregate to form dense oxide layers. Fissures have been observed in the micro-morphology of the dense oxide layers at the initial ICS, implying that oxygen could diffuse through the fissures of the oxide layers and fiercely react with molten Ce inside during the ICS. The reactivities of Ce in OS and ICS are quantitatively evaluated with thermodynamic data. The qualitative and quantitative mechanism of the oxidization-to-combustion transition of Ce greatly contributes to the optimal design and safe operation of active metal equipment.
Controllable Synthesis, Formation Mechanism, and Photocatalytic Activity of Tellurium with Various Nanostructures
Authors: Wang Huan , Zou Hanlin , Wang Chao , Lv Sa , Jin Yujie , Hu Hongliang , Wang Xinwei , Chi Yaodan , Yang Xiaotian
Published: December 2023

Telluriums (Te) with various nanostructures, including particles, wires, and sheets, are controllably synthesized by adjusting the content of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in a facile solvothermal reaction. Te nanostructures all have complete grain sizes with excellent crystallinity and mesopore structures. Further, the formation mechanisms of Te nanostructures are proposed to be that the primary nuclei of Te are released from the reduction of TeO32− using N2H4·H2O, and then grow into various nanostructures depending on the different content of PVP. These nanostructures of Te all exhibit the photocatalytic activities for the degradation of MB and H2 production under visible light irradiation, especially Te nanosheets, which have the highest efficiencies of degradation (99.8%) and mineralization (65.5%) at 120 min. In addition, compared with pure Te nanosheets, the rate of H2 production increases from 412 to 795 μmol∙h−1∙g−1 after the introduction of Pt, which increases the output by nearly two times. The above investigations indicate that Te with various nanostructures is a potential photocatalyst in the field of degradation of organic pollutants and H2 fuel cells.
Unlocking Strategic and Critical Raw Materials: Assessment of Zinc and REEs Enrichment in Tailings and Zn-Carbonate in a Historical Mining Area (Montevecchio, SW Sardinia)
Authors: Sedda Lorenzo , De Giudici Giovanni , Fancello Dario , Podda Francesca , Naitza Stefano
Published: December 2023

Mining wastes are often both a potential source of Strategic and Critical Raw Materials (SRMs and CRMs) and a threat to the environment. This study investigated the potential of mining wastes from the Montevecchio district of Sardinia, Italy, as a source of SRMs and CRMs. The tailings from Sanna mine processing plant were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Plasma Mass Spectometry, showing contents of 1.2 wt% of lead, 2.6 wt% of zinc, and about 600 mg/kg of Rare Earth Elements (REEs). White patinas formed in the riverbed, composed by Zn-bearing minerals (hydrozincite and zincite), also contain about 2900 mg/kg of REEs. Characterization of white patinas along the Rio Roia Cani evidenced that their precipitation from water also involves an uptake of Rare Earth Elements, enhancing their contents by an order of magnitude compared with tailings. The process of REEs concentration in Zn-bearing minerals of white patinas is a candidate as a tool for the economic recovery of these elements. These findings suggest that mining wastes from the Montevecchio district could be considered a potential resource for extracting SRMs and CRMs.