bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Influence of April Snow Cover Over the Eastern Tibetan Plateau on the Variability of West China Autumn Rain After 2000
Authors: Wang Junyu , Zhou Botao , Li Hua
Published: February 2025

“West China Autumn Rain” (WCAR), which represents the second peak in local precipitation following the summer, frequently causes floods and related secondary disasters, posing significant challenges to the sustainable development of economy and society. As such, a better understanding of the variability in WCAR is crucial for disaster prevention and mitigation. This study, based on the observed precipitation and reanalysis data, addresses the relationship of the WCAR variability with the April snow cover over the eastern Tibetan Plateau from 1981 to 2021, and highlights a notable shift from an insignificant to a significant correlation after 2000. During 2000–2021, the distinctive dipole pattern of the eastern Tibetan Plateau snow cover (TPSC) in April—characterised by negative anomalies in the south and positive anomalies in the north—corresponds with an intensification of the South Asian High (SAH) in the subsequent autumn. This, in turn, induces a northward shift of the East Asian jet (EAJ) and a westward displacement of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), concurrent with an enhancement of moisture transport into West China, providing favourable dynamic and moisture conditions for the increase in WCAR. The warming of soil temperatures in April over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, driven by increased shortwave radiation and propagating into autumn, is hypothesized to bridge the lagged influence of snow cover on the above atmospheric circulations. In contrast, during 1981–1999, due to decreased interannual variability of snow cover, the April TPSC shows no substantial effect on the WCAR‐related atmospheric circulations, hence weakening its connection with the WCAR variability.
Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodule Malignancy Using Peritumoral Region and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Abbasian Ardakani Ali , Mohammadi Afshin , Yeong Chai Hong , Ng Wei Lin , Ng Aik Hao , Tangaraju Kasturi Nair , Behestani Selda , Mirza‐Aghazadeh‐Attari Mohammad , Suresh Revathy , Acharya U. Rajendra
Published: February 2025

Objective

To develop, test, and externally validate a hybrid artificial intelligence (AI) model based on hand‐crafted and deep radiomics features extracted from B‐mode ultrasound images in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules compared to senior and junior radiologists.

Methods

A total of 1602 thyroid nodules from four centers across two countries (Iran and Malaysia) were included for the development and validation of AI models. From each original and expanded contour, which included the peritumoral region, 2060 handcrafted and 1024 deep radiomics features were extracted to assess the effectiveness of the peritumoral region in the AI diagnosis profile. The performance of four algorithms, namely, support vector machine with linear (SVM_lin) and radial basis function (SVM_RBF) kernels, logistic regression, and K‐nearest neighbor, was evaluated. The diagnostic performance of the proposed AI model was compared with two radiologists based on the American Thyroid Association (ATA) and the Thyroid Imaging Reporting & Data System (TI‐RADS™) guidelines to show the model's applicability in clinical routines.

Results

Thirty‐five hand‐crafted and 36 deep radiomics features were considered for model development. In the training step, SVM_RBF and SVM_lin showed the best results when rectangular contours 40% greater than the original contours were used for both hand‐crafted and deep features. Ensemble‐learning with SVM_RBF and SVM_lin obtained AUC of 0.954, 0.949, 0.932, and 0.921 in internal and external validations of the Iran cohort and Malaysia cohorts 1 and 2, respectively, and outperformed both radiologists.

Conclusion

The proposed AI model trained on nodule+the peripheral region performed optimally in external validations and outperformed the radiologists using the ATA and TI‐RADS guidelines.
The Relationship Between Soil Organic Matter Composition and Soil Enzymes Activities in Various Land Use Types in the Upper Watershed of Danjiangkou Reservoir in China
Authors: Wang Guangyu , Tang Xiaofeng , Zhang Qingwei , Li Bingcong , Li Ming
Published: February 2025

Soil organic matter (SOM) was the primary component of the global terrestrial carbon sink. Soil enzymes were important drivers of soil metabolism facilitating the materials cycling and the energy flow in soils. However, the relationship between soil enzymes and SOM composition in various land use types had not been clearly understood. In the current study, pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py‐GC/MS) was used to analyze the SOM composition of three land use types (grassland, forest, and cropland) and the relationship between soil enzyme activity and SOM composition in the upper watershed of Danjiangkou Reservoir in China. The activity of C‐cycling enzymes glucosidase, cellobiose glycosidase, xylosidase, P‐cycling enzyme alkaline phosphatase, and N‐cycling enzyme leucine aminopeptidase in grassland was the highest but the activity of S‐cycling enzyme methylumbelliferryl sulfate potassium salt was lowest in grassland. The activity of N‐cycling enzyme leucine aminopeptidase was the highest in forest. Aliphatic (23.1%–25.1%), N‐compounds (16.69%–21.17%), and aromatic (11.76%–12.61%) were the most abundant SOM components in the three land use types and the complexity of SOM molecular network in forest was the highest. Additionally, all the C‐cycling enzymes and N‐cycling enzyme acetylglucosaminidase were significantly positively related to the proportion of N‐compounds and polysaccharides but significantly negatively related to the proportion of terpenoids. Our study emphasized that land use significantly affected soil enzyme activities and SOM composition and further revealed that the difference in the activity of C‐cycling and N‐cycling enzymes in various land uses was probably related to the proportion of nitrogen‐containing compounds, polysaccharides, and terpenoids in SOM.
Decision‐making trends in therapeutic interventions for multiple system atrophy: a 24‐year retrospective study
Authors: Nishida Katsuya , Sakashita Kento , Futamura Naonobu
Published: February 2025

Background

Managing multiple system atrophy (MSA) is challenging. While invasive interventions for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are well‐studied, those for MSA remain less explored.

Objectives

To explore factors influencing treatment choices and trends in advanced‐stage MSA.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study analyzed 128 MSA patients at Hyogo Chuo National Hospital, Japan, from 2000 to 2024, focusing on treatment period and age at onset.

Results

Tracheostomy invasive ventilation (TIV) decreased after 2014 (26.9% vs. 9.2%; P = 0.023). TIV‐treated patients remained similarly young before and after 2014 (age at onset 52.7 vs. 54.5 years; P = 0.659) and tracheostomy was chosen by younger patients after 2014 (58.3 vs. 51.5 years; P < 0.001). Conversely, enteral nutrition increased in older patients (57.4 vs. 62.9 years; P = 0.011).

Conclusions

In Japanese MSA, preferences for invasive treatments shifted, with younger patients favoring TIV and tracheostomy, while older patients preferred less invasive options, emphasizing personalized care.
Coherences of Cesarean Sectioning Scars and Other Abdominal Scars and Venous Augmentation Using SIEV in Free DIEP Flaps for Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Tinhofer Ines E. , Tsai Tzong‐Yun , Cheong David Chon‐Fok , Lin Tzu‐En , Kuo Wen‐Ling , Huang Jung‐Ju
Published: February 2025

Background

With a global trend towards cesarean deliveries and abdominal surgeries for gastrointestinal disease treatment, more and more candidates for breast reconstruction using free deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEP) flap presented with abdominal scars. The purpose of the study was to investigate the risk of scar‐related perfusion complications in DIEP flaps in patients with different abdominal scars.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted in patients receiving DIEP flaps for breast reconstruction between October 2008 and April 2022. Demographics and the existing abdominal scars were collected. Acute and late complications were reviewed.

Results

273 breasts in 267 patients were included. Abdominal scars presented in 96 (36.0%) patients, including transverse cesarean sectioning in 69, midline scars in eight, laparoscopic scars in 23, appendectomy scars in five, abdominal total hysterectomy in one, and umbilicus scar in one patient. They did not increase the conversion rate from DIEP to ms‐TRAM flap. The flap sizes were significantly bigger in the scar (SG) than in the control group (CG) (flap length SG: 29.8 ± 3.0 cm, CG: 28.9 ± 3.0 cm, p = 0.021 and flap width SG: 11.9 ± 1.1 cm, CG: 11.6 ± 0.9 cm, p = 0.002, respectively). However, the flap used percentage was similar (SG: 72.9% ± 13.1% and CG: 75.7% ± 12.2%, respectively, p = 0.086). The SIEV could be identified bilaterally significantly more often in the CG than in the SG (SG: 80.2% and CG: 91.8%, p = 0.006). The availability of SIEV was significantly less when a transverse scar was present. The need for venous superdrainage with SIEV was not statistically different in both groups (SG: 8.3% and CG: 12.3%, p = 0.320). The overall re‐exploration rate was 6.2%. Acute re‐explorations (SG: 5.1% vs. CG: 6.9%) or late revisions for aesthetics (SG: 17.7% vs. CG: 21.8%) were equally distributed. Flap‐related complications like partial necrosis or fat necrosis showed similar rates, regardless of SIEV use for superdrainage (p = 0.287). Lastly, acute donor site complications, especially poor wound healing, occurred similarly in both groups (p = 0.234).

Conclusions

Pre‐existing abdominal scars do not compromise DIEP flap transfer, nor increase the incidence of late fat necrosis.
Application of De La Vallée Poussin Type Inequalities to Half‐Linear Euler Type Equations
Authors: Pátíková Zuzana
Published: February 2025

The paper is devoted to the application of de la Vallée Poussin type inequalities to half‐linear differential Euler type equations. Four studied equations seen as perturbations of the nonoscillatory Euler equation with the oscillation constant are considered, and a new theorem for the cases where the perturbation is in both terms is presented. Several different corollaries of de la Vallée Poussin type inequalities for Euler type equations, which can help in estimating the distance between consecutive zero points of their solutions, are formulated.
The Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Exercises Applied to Caregivers of Palliative Care Patients on Stress Coping Styles and Anxiety Levels: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Turan Gülcan Bahcecioglu , Özer Zülfinaz , Demir Cuma
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the effect of progressive muscle relaxation exercises on the ability to cope with stress and anxiety level in caregivers of palliative care patients.

Design

The study was conducted as a single‐blind study with pretest–posttest randomised control group.

Method

The study was conducted between May 11 and July 22, 2021. The caregivers in the experimental group were asked to perform a total of 28 sessions of progressive muscle relaxation exercise for 30 min a day for 4 weeks. No interventions were made in the control group during the study. Data were collected using the ‘Caregiver Information Form,’ ‘State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)’ and ‘Stress Coping Styles Scale (SCSS).’ Number and percentage, mean, standard deviation, Chi‐Square Test, independent groups t‐test, dependent groups t‐test, Mann–Whitney U Test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and simple linear regression analysis were used to summarise the data obtained from the study.

Results

A total of 66 caregiver patient relatives, 33 in the experimental group and 33 in the control group, were included in the study. When the posttest mean scores of caregivers in the experimental and control groups were compared, it was found that the experimental group's STAI and negative SCSS subscale mean scores decreased compared to the control group's mean scores, while the positive SCSS subscale mean scores increased, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). It was found that the variable of progressive muscle relaxation exercise had a negative effect on anxiety (β = −0.962), helpless approach (β = −0.535) and submissive approach (β = −0.643), while it had a positive and significant effect on seeking social support (β = 0.765), self‐confident approach (β = 0.832) and optimistic approach (β = 0.493) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

It was found that after progressive muscle relaxation exercises, the anxiety of caregivers of palliative care patients decreased, the use of positive stress coping methods increased and the use of negative stress coping techniques decreased.

Patient or Public Contribution

It is not necessary.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04880941
Mechanical failure behavior on CFRP T‐joints of stitching reinforcement subjected to low‐velocity impact and post‐impact tension
Authors: Wu Ye , Shen Zhao , Zhang Shuaimin , Wang Lifu , Wan Yun
Published: February 2025

T‐joints made from carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have been applied in aircraft fuselage and wing boxes, but CFRP structures have been facing problems of low impact resistance and interlaminar delamination. To investigate the mechanical failure behavior of the T‐joints, low‐velocity impact (LVI) on the weak corner of T‐joints and post‐impact tensile testing are conducted carefully. With the help of a self‐designed mold, we fabricate 27 kinds of stitching CFRP T‐joints with three numbers of stitched sides, three needle distance, and three stitching positions relative to the corner. Especially, the number of stitched sides includes one‐side stitching, double‐side stitching, and three‐side stitching. Their impact resistance is compared comprehensively based on the impact response, damage morphology, and crack length. Further, to reveal tensile damage mechanisms, the digital image correlation (DIC) technique is employed to record the strain evolution. By comparison, the most optimal enhancement effect is found in the stitching strategy of three‐sided stitching closer to the deltoid and denser needle distance. Moreover, the tensile strength of the T‐joints surpasses twice that of the unstitched ones, owing to the effective suppression of the propagation of interlaminar delamination under LVI and the enhancement of stability in their crack propagation during tension through the thread.

Highlights

T‐joint enhancement focuses on stitching sides, distance, and needle distance.

Three‐side stitching around deltoid area has excellent reinforcement effect.

Stitching inhibits effectively interlaminar delamination propagation under LVI.

Stitching enhances the stability of crack propagation during tension.
Investigation of damage mechanisms in carbon fiber epoxy resin composites under laser irradiation
Authors: Li Mingzhe , Jia Xinyu , Han Yongchao , Gao Lihong , Ma Zhuang
Published: February 2025

With the continuous advancement of laser technology, investigating the damage mechanisms of carbon fiber epoxy resin composites (CFRP) under laser irradiation has become increasingly significant. This study explores how varying parameters of laser irradiation, including different power densities and energy distributions within the laser spot, influence the effects on CFRP. The damage mechanisms of CFRP were analyzed through micro‐morphological examination, thermal analysis, and computed tomography (CT). The results indicate that the damage degree of CFRP increases with increasing incident laser densities. Furthermore, Gaussian laser spot with the same power density result in more severe thermal damage compared to Uniform laser spot. In addition, a finite element model was developed to simulate the laser irradiation process of the carbon fiber epoxy resin composites. The simulated results demonstrated excellent agreement with experimental outcomes. This study effectively addresses the knowledge gap concerning the impact of laser energy distribution within the laser spot on the damage to composite materials, offering new insights into the field. Moreover, it provides theoretical support for enhancing the safety of CFRP in laser‐intensive environments.

Highlights

Analyze damage mechanisms of CFRP through CT scanning technology.

The degree of damage of CFRP increases with increasing incident laser densities.

Study influence of laser energy distribution in spot on laser irradiation effect.

Develop a finite element model to simulate the laser irradiation process.
Adapting the European Concerted Action on Congenital Anomalies and Twins (EUROCAT) Guide 1.5 for Use in Post‐Authorisation Safety Studies Using US Data
Authors: Hoffman Sarah Ruth , Kalloo Geetika , Lanes Stephan , Jamal‐Allial Aziza , Sponholtz Todd , Brooks Corinne , Guzman Maria , Van Rompay Maria I. , Onasanya Oluwadamilola , Willey Vincent J. , Foster Erica , Messeh Nadia , Layton Jill , Ponist Dawn , Noan‐Lainé Maryline L. E. , Schroeder Krista
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Many post‐authorization safety studies focus on congenital malformations and rely on diagnosis codes found in US data sources. However, no authoritative standards exist for identifying and classifying malformations in these data. To address this, we translated an existing public health surveillance guide, the European Concerted Action on Congenital Anomalies and Twins (EUROCAT), into an ICD‐10‐CM code list for use in studies using US administrative healthcare data. The EUROCAT guide was selected for its decisive major or minor classification of each code. However, translation was required for use in US data sources since EUROCAT utilizes ICD‐10‐BPA which differs from ICD‐10‐CM (the coding system commonly encountered in US data sources).

Methods

We mapped EUROCAT to ICD‐10‐CM. For each code, manual review was conducted by two or more researchers, and major/minor classification was based on code descriptions since some codes differed between coding systems.

Results

A final code list was created, containing 916 ICD‐10‐CM codes for 744 major and 172 minor malformations. The code list contains ICD‐10‐CM codes, their corresponding descriptions, their major or minor classification and disease category according to EUROCAT, and variables indicating anomalies caused by genetic or infectious diseases unlikely attributable to a medication.

Conclusions

We adapted the EUROCAT Guide 1.5 into an ICD‐10‐CM code list for use in pregnancy studies using US data sources. This list includes new ICD‐10‐CM codes available in 2024. As new ICD‐10‐CM codes become available, or as the EUROCAT Guide is updated, further updates to this list will be needed.
Innovative hybrid membrane: Pioneering metal oxide framework for improved elimination of heavy metals from industrial wastewater
Authors: Gowayed Salah M. H. , Abdel‐Salam Ahmed H. , Nassef Ehssan , Morsy Ashraf
Published: February 2025

The growing global concern about heavy metal pollution in water systems arises from its severe impacts on living organisms, including toxicity and carcinogenic effects. Using nano‐sized materials such as metal oxides and metal–oxide frameworks (MOFs) offers potential due to their large surface area and functional groups. This study focuses on enhancing the efficiency of cellulose acetate (CA) membranes by incorporating nano‐graphene oxide (NGO) and a polyethylene glycol (PEG) layer to inhibit bacterial growth. The membrane fabrication process involves optimizing CA with MOFs and grafting thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) layers for self‐cleaning and improved heavy metal removal, specifically chromium (Cr) (VI), iron (Fe) (III), and lead (Pb) (II), from industrial wastewater. Characterization techniques include Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and contact angle analysis, while performance evaluation incorporates inductively coupled plasma, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), mechanical testing, and thermogravimetric analysis. This innovative approach highlights MOF integration with CA membranes for heavy metal removal. Rejection rates for Cr (VI), Fe (III), and Pb (II) from common effluent treatment plant wastewater were recorded as 88.03%, 79.47%, and 83.35% at an applied pressure of 0.500 MPa. Membranes with the highest nanoparticle content demonstrated superior inhibition compared to others. The study presents a novel method of incorporating NGO nanoparticles into CA TPU composite membranes, significantly improving mechanical and structural properties and self‐cleaning membranes, essential for industrial wastewater treatment.

Highlights

Heavy metal pollution in water poses toxicity and carcinogenicity risks.

Nanomaterials enhance membranes with self‐cleaning and heavy metal removal.

Metal–oxide frameworks with CA boosts Cr, Fe, and Pb by over 79% efficiency.

Developed prototype for wastewater purification with bacterial resistance.
A Retrospective Analysis of Superficial Cervical Plexus Blockade for Children Undergoing Otologic Surgery
Authors: Miller Gregory C. , Wamkpah Nneoma S. , Weinhold Ashley B. , Leonard David S. , Lieu Judith E. C. , AuBuchon Jacob D.
Published: February 2025

Superficial cervical plexus blocks (SCPB) are well documented for anterior and lateral neck surgeries in adults. Their role in the pediatric population is less clear. Our objective was to determine whether superficial cervical plexus blockade reduced postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in children undergoing otologic surgery. This single‐center retrospective cohort study evaluated patients aged 1–18 years old undergoing cochlear implantation, tympanomastoidectomy, tympanoplasty, or myringoplasty via a postauricular incision over a 27‐month period. Patients undergoing bilateral surgery, concurrent surgery (exclusive of myringotomy or endoscopic otologic procedures), or transcanal‐only otologic procedures were excluded. The primary outcome was PONV as measured by antiemetic use or documented nausea or vomiting among patients who received a SCPB compared to patients who did not receive a block. Secondary outcomes included opioid use, length of stay in the postoperative anesthesia care unit and hospital, time to oral intake, postoperative pain scores, and adverse events. Multilinear regression analyzed the effect of independent variables on the primary outcome. Analyses were stratified by surgery type. A total of 237 patients met inclusion criteria; 121 patients (51%) received a SCPB. There was no statistically significant difference in PONV outcomes between the two groups (proportion difference 4.5%, 95% CI −7.5% to 16.5%) despite lower intraoperative opioid administration to patients in the SCPB group (intravenous morphine equivalents per kg −0.04 mg, 95% CI −0.08 to 0, p = 0.030). Addition of a SCPB did not reduce PONV for pediatric patients undergoing otologic surgery via a postauricular incision. No adverse events were attributed to the block in this study.
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Sources of Temperature‐Dependent Transport Hysteresis in 2D Transistors
Authors: Srivastava Rupali , Sharma Kajal , Singh Amrita , Somay Srest , Balasubramanian Krishna
Published: February 2025

Hysteresis in charge transport under gate sweep is a common phenomenon in layered two‐dimensional (2D) transistors. Large surface‐to‐volume ratios in 2D layers with numerous hysteresis sources have led to several contradicting experimental observations, particularly in the temperature dependence of total hysteresis, in gated transistors. While this is a major reliability concern for logic devices, controllable hysteresis is a requirement for non‐volatile memory applications, thus necessitating predictive models for device characteristics. Herein, a comprehensive model is developed to account for both the extrinsic (interface and oxide traps) and intrinsic sources of hysteresis with tunable parameters to include device‐specific details. The model reveals that the intrinsic and extrinsic sources in 2D transistors have distinct and contrasting influences on transport hysteresis at different temperatures. The behavior of total transport hysteresis at different temperatures can be used to determine the dominant source of hysteresis in 2D transistors. Using carefully tuned experimental conditions, a bottom‐gated multilayer MoS2 transistor is fabricated and it is experimentally shown that this model can faithfully predict the total transport hysteresis in the device at various temperatures.
Model‐Based Approach for Civil Aviation Material Support System Modeling
Authors: Chen Jie , Zha Dongshan , Gao Ke , Lv Bijiang , Zhang Nan , Li Chen
Published: February 2025

The civil aviation material support system ensures that civil aircraft receive timely and reliable aviation material support during operation. To meet the demand for a standardized architecture design for such system and resolve issues related to the lack of synergy and integration in traditional civil aviation material support system, this study proposes a model based system modeling approach. Using the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) in conjunction with model based systems engineering (MBSE), the study constructs the activity and information interactions between the modules of the civil aviation material support system. This is achieved through a system modeling sequence that includes requirement analysis, function analysis, and function modeling. Ultimately, from a systemic perspective, the study establishes a comprehensive system model by integrating elements of the aviation material support mission. This paper provides a detailed description of the civil aviation material support system, offers guidance for the personnel responsible for aviation material support tasks, and supports the efficient operation of civil aviation material support activities.
Identity Development in Transition: A Duoethnography of Language Teachers Becoming Teacher Educators From an Ecological Perspective
Authors: Wang Xiaojing , Fang Fan
Published: February 2025

Research on identity in teacher education and professionalism has been a significant issue for language teacher educators in terms of their trajectories and career development. Examining identity from contextual perspectives can assist teachers in establishing a professional self in order to facilitate them to better understand and negotiate their roles as both language teachers and language teacher educators. Therefore, it is worth exploring how language teacher educators position themselves through their career trajectories when facing new challenges and revealing various issues regarding disruptions to their identity development. This paper adopts an ecological perspective to investigate the interrelatedness of various environmental systems, ranging from the proximal environment (such as family) to broader societal structures (such as culture). This paper employs a duoethnographic approach to explore the authors' unique struggles and conflicts with their evolving identities as they construct and negotiate professional development within the context of higher education in China, drawing on over 15 years of working experience following the completion of their degrees in the UK. Through this self‐reflective inquiry, the authors aim to comprehend the impact of their identity (re)construction and (re)negotiation shaped by their disparate backgrounds and life experiences. This paper concludes with further insights for language teacher educators on navigating identity reconstruction.
Climate Change Cognition, Affect, and Behavior in Youth: A Scoping Review
Authors: Tapia‐Echanove Mariel , Bloch‐Atefi Alexandra , Hanson‐Easey Scott , Oswald Tassia Kate , Eliott Jaklin
Published: February 2025

Climate change is the greatest threat to global health, yet the burden is not distributed equally. Young people are particularly vulnerable to the physical and mental health impacts, and their increasing engagement in climate activism highlights the need to summarize the available evidence on climate change cognition, affect, and behavior in this population. We followed the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and included sources that addressed cognitive, affective, and behavioral concepts of climate change in youth, defined as individuals between the ages of 15 and 24 years. Out of 978 papers initially identified, 48 sources were included, with most studies using survey methodologies and quantitative analyses. Approximately two‐thirds of reviewed studies used different cognitive concepts to explore the existence, causes, impacts of, and solutions to climate change. Findings showed that most young people think climate change is happening, is mainly caused by humans, and are aware of the impacts. However, in relation to perceived solutions and responsibility, results were heterogeneous, showing an opportunity for research and education in this area. Most young people considered climate change as a threat and/or were concerned about it, though concern and worry were exclusively studied through quantitative methods. A strong association between coping strategies and pro‐environmental behavior was observed, and interventions that were successful in changing behavior promoted engagement in environmental actions and work within communities. In conclusion, research has heavily focused on climate change cognition, leaving an important opportunity for further investigation into the affect and behavior in youth, specifically through qualitative methods.
Dynamic stall on airfoils with leading-edge tubercles
Authors: Valls Badia Pere , Hickel Stefan , Scarano Fulvio , Li Mogeng
Published: February 2025

Leading-edge protuberances on airfoils have been shown to soften the onset of aerodynamic stall and to increase lift in the post-stall regime. The present study examines the effect of tubercles during dynamic stall. Pitching airfoils with tubercles of different amplitudes are studied by wind-tunnel experiments, where the three-dimensional time-resolved velocity field is determined using large-scale particle-tracking velocimetry. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are carried out that complement the experimental observations providing pressure distribution and aerodynamic forces. The dynamic stall is dominated by a vortex formed at the leading edge; we characterize the vorticity, circulation, and advection path of this dynamic-stall vortex (DSV). The presence of the tubercles profoundly modifies the boundary layer from the leading edge. The roll-up of the vorticity sheet is significantly delayed compared to a conventional airfoil, resulting in a weaker DSV. The vortex formation is shifted downstream, with the overall effect of a weaker and shorter lift overshoot, in turn enabling a quicker transition to deep stall. Regions of flow separation (stall cells) are visibly compartmentalized with a stable spacing of two tubercles wavelengths.
The role of the land surface for surface climate: results from a stepwise land–atmosphere coupling experiment
Authors: May Wilhelm
Published: February 2025

Given the important role of the land surface for climate, this study aims at (1) to evaluate the quality of the simulation of surface climate by the land-surface component of the EC-Earth3 ESM and (2) to assess the role of the coupling of the land surface with the atmosphere for the simulation of the surface climate in EC-Earth3. It is based on three simulations with different configurations of the EC-Earth3 ESM: an offline simulation with the land-surface component, a partially coupled simulation with the atmospheric component and a fully coupled simulation with the atmospheric component of EC-Earth3. The land-surface component of EC-Earth3 shows a characteristic geographical distribution of the biases for the different variables describing surface climate. As for the land-surface temperature, the model is characterized by warm biases in the tropics and the mid- and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and a cold bias in the subtropics. For surface soil moisture, on the other hand, the model shows wet biases in the tropics and the mid- and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and a dry bias in the subtropics. As for the surface energy fluxes, net radiation and sensible heat flux are underestimated in the tropics and the mid- and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and overestimated in the subtropics, and the opposite behaviour is found for latent heat flux. The land-surface component of EC-Earth3 is characterised by an overall cold bias and a general underestimation of net radiation and sensible heat flux. Neither the coupling with the atmosphere nor the feedback between the land surface and the atmosphere affect the geographical distribution of the biases in surface climate characterising the offline simulation with the land-surface component of EC-Earth3 but have impacts on the magnitude of the local biases and regional details. The coupling with the atmosphere decreases land-surface temperature in the tropics and the mid- and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and increases land-surface temperature in the subtropics, resulting in colder land-surface temperature and, thus, amplifying the overall cold bias found in the offline simulation. The feedback between the land surface and the atmosphere, on the other hand, increases land-surface temperature in the tropics and the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and decreases land-surface temperature in the subtropics and the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The overall effect of the feedback between the land surface and the atmosphere is notably smaller than the effect of the coupling with the atmosphere for land-surface temperature and net radiation, similar for the fluxes of sensible and latent heat and stronger for surface soil moisture. The results of this study emphasize the need to improve the quality of the land-surface component of EC-Earth3 parallel with other components of the ESM.
Iron intake and iron status of Swedish adolescents with diets of varying climate impact
Authors: Hallström Elinor , Löfvenborg Josefin Edwall , Moreaus Lotta , Sjöberg Agneta , Winkvist Anna , Lindroos Anna Karin
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The risk of inadequate micronutrient intake is a concern of low-climate impact diets. This study analyzes the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) among adolescents with varying dietary climate impact, with special reference to different types and dietary sources of iron.

Methods

Data on dietary intake (n = 3099) and plasma ferritin (n = 1030) were from Riksmaten Adolescents 2016–2017 survey of Swedish girls and boys aged 11–18 years. Dietary climate impact was estimated with life cycle assessment data. Linear and logistic regression models assessed associations between dietary climate impact, intakes of iron and food groups, and ID.

Results

Higher total iron and heme, but not non-heme, iron intake, was linearly associated with higher dietary climate impact. Compared to girls, boys had higher climate impact and low prevalence of ID. Girls in the highest climate impact quartile had 56% lower odds of ID (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.24–0.81) compared to the lowest quartile, whereas no association was found in boys. Lower intake of red meat and heme iron was associated with ID in girls, while higher intake of dairy was associated with ID in boys. Menstruating girls and adolescents born outside of Sweden were identified risk groups for ID.

Conclusions

Girls with a more climate-friendly diet and lower intake of red meat/heme iron may be at higher risk of ID compared to girls with higher dietary climate impact. These results highlight the importance of considering risk groups of ID, such as menstruating girls, in the transition to more plant-based diets with lower climate impact.
Patisiran in ATTRv amyloidosis with polyneuropathy: “PatisiranItaly” multicenter observational study
Authors: Di Stefano Vincenzo , Guaraldi Pietro , Romano Angela , Antonini Giovanni , Barilaro Alessandro , Briani Chiara , Burattini Marco , Cani Ilaria , Carlini Giulia , Ceccanti Marco , Cianci Vittoria , Cortelli Pietro , Currò Dossi Marco , Di Lisi Daniela , Di Muzio Antonio , Falzone Yuri , Filosto Massimiliano , Gasverde Sabrina , Gemelli Chiara , Gentile Luca , Goglia Mariangela , Leonardi Luca , Longhi Simone , Lotti Antonio , Manganelli Fiore , Mazzeo Anna , Milella Giammarco , Novo Giuseppina , Fenu Silvia , Palumbo Giovanni , Petrelli Cristina , Poli Loris , Pradotto Luca Guglielmo , Russo Massimo , Salvalaggio Alessandro , Sciarrone Maria Ausilia , Sellitti Luigi , Tagliapietra Matteo , Tozza Stefano , Turri Mara , Verriello Lorenzo , Vitali Francesca , Brighina Filippo , Luigetti Marco
Published: February 2025

Background

Hereditary amyloid transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (ATTRv-PN) is a rare, inherited, multisystemic, progressive adult-onset disease, affecting sensorimotor nerves, and various organs. It is caused by mutations in the TTR gene, leading to misfolded monomers that aggregate, forming amyloid fibrils. Patisiran is a small, double-stranded interfering RNA encapsulated in a lipid nanoparticle, designed to enter hepatocytes and selectively target TTR mRNA to reduce both variant TTR and wild-type TTR (wt). This study presents a multicenter, real-life experience of patisiran’s effectiveness and safety in ATTRv-PN.

Methods

We enrolled genetically confirmed ATTRv-PN patients from 29 specialized Italian centers. All subjects underwent neurological assessments, including familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) staging, the Neuropathy Impairment Score (NIS), quality-of-life assessment using the Norfolk Quality of Life-Diabetic Neuropathy (Norfolk QOL-DN) questionnaire, and the Compound Autonomic Dysfunction Test (CADT). Additional assessments included baseline and follow-up measures of serum NT-proBNP and interventricular septal thickness.

Results

A total of 181 ATTRv patients (69% male) were enrolled. Neurological onset was reported in 60.2% of cases. At baseline, 83.4% of patients exhibited multisystemic involvement, while only 16.6% presented isolated polyneuropathy. For approximately 70% of patients, patisiran was the first treatment; the remainder transitioned from tafamidis or inotersen. Following treatment, most patients demonstrated stabilization of neuropathy progression, regardless of baseline disease severity or genotype. The treatment was well-tolerated, with 90% of patients reporting no adverse events.

Conclusion

Patisiran can be considered a valid therapeutic option for the management of patients with ATTRv amyloidosis. Considering its mechanism of action, similar outcomes could also be expected with the wider utilization of newly approved gene silencers for ATTRv therapy, such as vutrisiran.
Enhanced mortality prediction in pediatric sepsis using NGAL: A comparison with PRISM III scores in critical care settings
Authors: AbdelRazic Marwa Ibrahem , Hakeem Gehan Lotfy Abdel , Hanna Mina Sobhy , Mohamed Omima M. , Abuelela Ibtehal Saad
Published: February 2025

Sepsis is a critical condition that disrupts metabolic, physiological, and immune functions, often resulting in severe complications such as multi-organ failure and increased mortality. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has emerged as a promising biomarker for infection and inflammation, offering potential advantages for early mortality prediction. This study compared the predictive value of serum NGAL levels with pediatric risk of mortality III (PRISM III) scores in critically ill pediatric patients with sepsis. A prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary hospital from September 2022 to March 2023, involving 75 pediatric patients diagnosed with sepsis, septic shock, or multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), along with 25 healthy controls. Serum NGAL levels were measured within the first hour of PICU admission and analyzed alongside PRISM III scores to evaluate their correlation with mortality and sepsis severity. The results demonstrated that serum NGAL levels were significantly elevated in septic patients compared to controls, with the highest levels observed in those with MODS. NGAL showed greater sensitivity and specificity for predicting mortality than PRISM III scores, with ROC curve analysis revealing that NGAL levels > 599 mg/ml were strongly associated with increased mortality risk (sensitivity 70.4% and specificity 50%). Multivariate analysis confirmed NGAL as an independent predictor of mortality, outperforming PRISM III scores in identifying severe cases.

Conclusion: Serum NGAL is a valuable biomarker for early prediction of mortality and sepsis severity in pediatric patients, providing faster and more accurate assessments than PRISM III scores. Its integration into clinical practice may enhance decision-making in pediatric critical care settings, allowing for timely interventions and improved patient outcomes.

What is Known:• Pediatric risk of mortality III (Prism III) scores is widely used to predict sepsis severity and mortality in pediatric intensive care units, but requiring 12-24 hours to complete. Neutrophil is an established biomarker for inflammation and infection with a potentially anti-pathological value in the neutrophil gelatinus-lipocalin (NGAL) sepsis.

What is New:• Serum NGAL levels, PICU is measured within the first hour of entry, prism III score in pediatric patients in predicting mortality and severity of sepsis. > An NGAL cutoff of 599 mg/mL is significantly associated with mortality risk, which provides a rapid, independent and more immediate immunity tool for important care decision making.
Effects of nurse-led symptom management in chronic myeloid malignancies: a randomized trial
Authors: Pedersen Maja , Larsen Maria Torp , Kornblit Brian Thomas , Dahl Emma Ove , Lomborg Kirsten , Tolver Anders , Jarden Mary
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Chronic hematological malignancies progress slowly, potentially manifesting symptoms spanning months to years. HM-PRO is developed as a comprehensive clinical tool for assessing symptoms in hematology. The aim was to investigate the effect of a nurse-led systematic approach to symptom identification and management using HM-PRO in outpatient care in patients with chronic hematological malignancies.

Methods

This is a randomized trial including 94 patients to investigate an intervention comprising (1) HM-PRO data collection, (2) HM-PRO assessment guided by an algorithm, and (3) nurse-led tailored symptom management. The control arm received standard follow-up care. The primary outcome was change in QoL. Secondary outcomes were change in prevalence of physical and psychological symptoms.

Results

A statistically significant difference in QoL change scores over time favored the intervention (diff. 10.3; p = .04). For secondary endpoints, a significant between group difference in change over time for severity scores was observed in fatigue (diff. − 13.6; p = .003), overall symptom burden (diff. − 0.7 points; p = .029), emotional functioning (diff. 10.0; p < .0001), and anxiety (diff. − 2.5; p = .001).

Conclusion

A 12-month nurse-led symptom management intervention within hematology significantly improved QoL, emotional functioning, fatigue, anxiety, and overall symptom burden over time. This is the first randomized trial investigating nurse-led clinical application of the HM-PRO questionnaire providing knowledge on the efficacy of systematic symptom management in clinical practice. This study highlights both the pivotal role of nurses and multidisciplinary support and the inherent value of tailored symptom management.

Trial registration

Clinical trial registration number: NCT04757545 (02/12/2021).
Use of quantum hyperlight technology in photobiomodulation on stem cells: an experimental in vitro study
Authors: Çiçek Gülsemin , Öz Bağcı Fatma , Aktan Tahsin Murad , Duman Selçuk
Published: February 2025

Human umbilical cord matrix Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are commonly utilized in regenerative medicine due to their therapeutic benefits. However, the microenvironmental stress present in patients with hyperglycemia can significantly reduce mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) viability under high-glucose conditions in the body, ultimately reducing their therapeutic effectiveness. Enhancing the survival rate of MSCs following cell transplantation remains a crucial challenge. This study investigates whether Quantum Hyperlight (QHL) can counteract the detrimental effects of high glucose (HG), thereby improving MSC survival, proliferation, and mitochondrial function. We aimed to evaluate the effect of QHL on cellular viability, proliferation, and mitochondrial activity in WJ-MSCs exposed to HG. MSCs were cultured in a medium containing normal glucose (NG) (1 g/L) and HG (4.5 g/L). MSCs in the HG medium were exposed to QHL for 90 s or 180 s with an energy density of 2.4 Joules/cm2/minute and an average power density of 40 mW/cm2. Then, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), MTT assays, and Mitotracker Green staining were performed to evaluate cell viability and proliferation. The viability of MSCs was significantly increased in the QHL-treated groups (84% in QHL-90 s and 86% in QHL-180 s) compared to the untreated HG group (65%, p < 0.001). PCNA expression in QHL-90 s and QHL-180 s groups showed significant increases (p < 0.001) compared to the untreated HG group. MitoTracker staining intensity was significantly higher in the QHL-treated groups compared to the untreated HG group (p < 0.001). The HG environment reduced viability, proliferation, and mitochondrial staining. In the context of the NG environment, MSCs exhibited notable differences. However, the viability, proliferation, and mitochondrial staining rates of MSCs were significantly higher in the HG conditions when treated with QHL compared to the group that did not receive QHL. This study introduces QHL as a novel approach to enhance the therapeutic potential of WJ-MSCs under HG conditions, demonstrating its ability to improve cellular viability, proliferation, and mitochondrial activity. This study highlights its potential as a pretreatment to improve clinical outcomes in regenerative medicine.
The stratification by automorphism groups of smooth plane sextic curves
Authors: Badr Eslam , Bars Francesc
Published: February 2025

We obtain the list of automorphism groups for smooth plane sextic curves over an algebraically closed field K of characteristic

$$p=0$$

p
=
0

or

$$p>21$$

p
>
21

. Moreover, we assign to each group a geometrically complete family over
K that describe the corresponding stratum, that is, a generic polynomial equation with parameters such that any curve in the stratum is K-isomorphic to a smooth plane model obtained by specializing the values of those parameters in K. Additionally, we explore the connection with K3 surfaces of degree 2.
A method to measure renal inner medullary perfusion using MR renography
Authors: de Boer A. , Sharma K. , Alhummiany B. , Sourbron S. P.
Published: February 2025

Objective

In the kidney, the medulla is most susceptible to damage in case of hampered perfusion or oxygenation. Due to separate regulation of cortical and medullary perfusion, measurement of both is crucial to improve the understanding of renal pathophysiology. We aim to develop and evaluate a physiologically accurate model to measure renal inner medullary (Fmed) and cortical perfusion (Fcor) separately.

Materials and methods

We developed a 7-compartment model of renal perfusion and used an iterated approach to fit 10 free parameters. Model stability and accuracy were tested on both patient data and simulations. Cortical perfusion and FT (tubular flow or glomerular filtration rate per unit of tissue volume) were compared to a conventional 2-compartment filtration model.

Results

Average (standard deviation) Fmed was 37(23)mL/100 mL/min. Fitting stability as expressed by the median (interquartile range) coefficient of variation between fits was 0.0(0.0–5.8)%, with outliers up to 81%. In simulations, Fmed was underestimated by around 8%. Intra-class correlation coefficients for Fcor and FT as measured with the 2- and 7- compartment model were 0.87 and 0.63, respectively.

Discussion

We developed a pharmacokinetic model closely following renal physiology. Although the results were vulnerable for overfitting, relatively stable results could be obtained even for Fmed.