bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cell-cycle–dependent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK-1/2) in myeloid leukemia cell lines and induction of growth inhibition and apoptosis by inhibitors of RAS signaling
Authors: Morgan Michael A. , Dolp Oliver , Reuter Christoph W. M.
Published: July 2002

Disruption of the RAS–to–mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling pathway, either directly through activatingRAS gene mutations or indirectly through other genetic aberrations, plays an important role in the molecular pathogenesis of myeloid leukemias. Constitutive activation of ERK-1/2 and MEK-1/2, which elicit oncogenic transformation in fibroblasts, has recently been observed in acute myeloid leukemias (AML). In this study, the activation of the RAS-to-MAPK cascade in 14 AML and 5 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell lines is examined and correlated with the effects of a panel of 9 RAS signaling inhibitors on cell viability, colony formation, cell-cycle progression, and induction of apoptosis. Activation of MEK, ERK, and the transcription factors CREB-1, ATF-1, and c-Myc is demonstrated in the majority of the cell lines (9 of 14 AML and 2 of 5 CML cell lines). Although activation of the ERK cascade did not always correlate with the presence of activatingRAS mutations or BCR-Abl, it is linked to the G0/G1 and the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. In contrast to most inhibitors (eg, B581, Cys-4-Abs-Met, FPT-2, FTI-276, and FTS), a significant growth inhibition was only observed for FTI-277 (19 of 19), FPT-3 (10 of 19), and the MEK inhibitors U0126 (19 of 19) and PD098059 (8 of 19). Treatment of NB-4 cells with FTI-277 primarily resulted in a G2/M block, whereas treatment with FPT-3 and U0126 led to induction of apoptosis. FTI-277 revealed strong toxicity toward normal purified CD34+ cells. The results suggest differences in the mechanisms of action and support a potential therapeutic usefulness of these inhibitors in the treatment of myeloid leukemias.
Identification of a blood-derived chemoattractant for neutrophils and lymphocytes as a novel CC chemokine, Regakine-1
Authors: Struyf Sofie , Proost Paul , Lenaerts Jean-Pierre , Stoops Griet , Wuyts Anja , Van Damme Jo
Published: July 2002

Chemokines constitute a large family of chemotactic cytokines that selectively attract different blood cell types. Although most inflammatory chemoattractants are only induced and released in the circulation during acute infection, a restricted number of CXC and CC chemokines are constitutively present in normal plasma at high concentrations. Here, such a chemotactic protein was purified to homogeneity from serum and fully identified as a novel CC chemokine by mass spectrometry and amino acid sequence analysis. The protein, tentatively designated Regakine-1, shows less than 50% sequence identity with any known chemokine. This novel CC chemokine chemoattracts both neutrophils and lymphocytes but not monocytes or eosinophils. Its modest chemotactic potency but high blood concentration is similar to that of other chemokines present in the circulation, such as hemofiltrate CC chemokine-1, platelet factor-4, and β-thromboglobulin. Regakine-1 did not induce neutrophil chemokinesis. However, it synergized with the CXC chemokines interleukin-8 and granulocyte chemotactic protein-2, and the CC chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein-3, resulting in an at least a 2-fold increase of the neutrophil and lymphocyte chemotactic response, respectively. The biologic effects of homogeneous natural Regakine-1 were confirmed with chemically synthesized chemokine. Like other plasma chemokines, it is expected that Regakine-1 plays a unique role in the circulation during normal or pathologic conditions.
Effect of HLA class II gene disparity on clinical outcome in unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia: the US National Marrow Donor Program Experience
Authors: Petersdorf Effie W. , Kollman Craig , Hurley Carolyn Katovich , Dupont Bo , Nademanee Auayporn , Begovich Ann B. , Weisdorf Daniel , McGlave Philip
Published: July 2002

The clinical importance of HLA class II gene disparity in unrelated stem cell transplantation is not entirely known. The impact was evaluated of matching donors and recipients for HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DP genes on clinical outcome after stem cell transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) performed between 1988 and 1997. HLA-DRB1, -DQA1, -DQB1, -DPA1, and -DPB1 alleles were identified in 831 transplant pairs using a combination of sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes, sequence-specific priming, and sequencing methods. Among the 831 pairs, 696 (84%) were HLA-A and -B serologically matched; of these, 565 (81%) were also matched for HLA-DRB1. HLA-DRB1 matching correlated with significantly improved survival (relative risk [RR], 1.29 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-1.64; P = .04]) independently of HLA-DQA1 or HLA-DQB1 (RR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.81-1.26; P = .94]) and HLA-DPA1 or HLA-DPB1 (RR, 1.11 [95% CI, 0.84-1.48;P = .46]). Single-locus HLA-DQ or HLA-DP disparity was not associated with significantly poorer survival. For patients who underwent transplantation in the first chronic phase (CP) from HLA-A, B matched donors, the presence of DRB1 allele mismatching was independently associated with increased incidence of grades III-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). No significant associations of class II allele mismatching with risk for delayed engraftment or chronic GVHD disease were detected. This study clearly demonstrates the importance of precise matching of HLA-DRB1 alleles for successful transplantation. Furthermore, a good-risk population of patients whose transplantations were performed in the first CP of disease from HLA-A, B, DRB1 matched unrelated donors can be shown to have superior survival.
Prostratin: activation of latent HIV-1 expression suggests a potential inductive adjuvant therapy for HAART
Authors: Kulkosky Joseph , Culnan Derek M. , Roman Jeanette , Dornadula Geethanjali , Schnell Matthias , Boyd Michael R. , Pomerantz Roger J.
Published: July 2002

Prostratin is a unique phorbol ester that stimulates protein kinase C activity but is nontumor promoting. Remarkably, prostratin is also able to inhibit de novo human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection yet up-regulate viral expression from latent proviruses. Prostratin's lack of tumor promotion, coupled with its ability to block viral spread yet induce latent proviral expression, prompted studies to determine whether this compound could serve as an inductive adjuvant therapy for patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The current experiments indicate that prostratin is a potent mitogen for mononuclear phagocytes possessing many of the activities of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) with notable functional differences. Prostratin, like PMA, accelerates differentiation of the myeloid cell-lines, HL-60 and THP-1, as well as mononuclear phagocytes from bone marrow and peripheral blood. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gene array analyses indicate significant changes in the expression of proteins and messenger RNA after treatment of cells with prostratin, consistent with phagocyte activation and differentiation. Prostratin blocks HIV-1 infection relating to down-regulation of CD4 receptor expression. The array analysis indicates a similar down-regulation of the HIV-1 coreceptors, CXCR4 and CCR5, and this may also reduce viral infectivity of treated host cells. Finally, prostratin is capable of up-regulating HIV-1 expression from CD8+ T lymphocyte–depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients undergoing HAART. This novel observation suggests the agent may be an excellent candidate to augment HAART by inducing expression of latent HIV-1 with the ultimate goal of eliminating persistent viral reservoirs in certain individuals infected with HIV-1.
Splenectomy of rats selectively reduces lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression on B-cell subsets in blood and lymph nodes
Authors: Milićević Novica M. , Luettig Birgit , Trautwein Christian , Wüstefeld Torsten , Mähler Michael , Jecker Peter , Wonigeit Kurt , Westermann Jürgen
Published: July 2002

Splenectomy increases the number of B cells in the blood of humans and animals. It is unknown whether this is due to changes in migration, proliferation, or both. The numbers of naı̈ve (IgD+IgM+), memory (IgD−IgMhigh), newly formed (IgMhighCD90high), early recirculating follicular (IgMlowCD90high), recirculating follicular (IgMlowCD90−), and marginal zone (IgMhighCD90−) phenotype B cells were determined in control and splenectomized rats by flow cytometry. All subsets increased significantly in the blood after splenectomy. Because surface molecules are involved in the regulation of migration and proliferation, their expression (lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 [LFA-1], intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), L-selectin, α4-integrins, CD44, major histocompatability complex class II, interleukin 2 receptor-α chain) was determined on B- and T-cell subsets of both groups. B cells, but not T cells, showed a significantly reduced LFA-1 and ICAM-1 expression in blood and lymph nodes, whereas the expression of the other surface molecules analyzed remained unchanged. The down-regulation of these molecules did not influence the adherence of B cells to high endothelial venules in vitro. In vivo, however, ICAM-1low–expressing B cells migrated significantly faster through lymph nodes (ICAM-1low 41 ± 5 hours versus ICAM-1high58 ± 3 hours), whereas proliferation of B cells in bone marrow, lymph node, and blood remained unchanged. Thus, the presence of one organ is necessary for appropriate expression of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 on B cells in other, distant organs. The more rapid transit of ICAM-1low B cells through lymph nodes may be responsible for the increased B-cell number in the blood after splenectomy.
CD34 cell dose in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor–mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cell grafts affects engraftment kinetics and development of extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease after human leukocyte antigen–identical sibling transplantation
Authors: Zaucha J. Maciej , Gooley Theodore , Bensinger William I. , Heimfeld Shelly , Chauncey Thomas R. , Zaucha Renata , Martin Paul J. , Flowers Mary E. D. , Storek Jan , Georges George , Storb Rainer , Torok-Storb Beverly
Published: July 2002

A retrospective analysis of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)–mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cell (G-PBMC) products harvested from healthy donors indicates significant variability in both the absolute number and relative proportion of CD34, CD3, and CD14 cells obtained. This report examined whether variations in the cellular composition of G-PBMC products correlated with clinical outcomes after myeloablative allogeneic transplantation. The numbers of CD34, CD3, and CD14 cells infused into 181 human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–identical sibling recipients were analyzed with respect to tempo of engraftment, acute graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD), clinical extensive chronic GVHD, overall survival, and disease relapse. Neither acute GVHD, overall survival, nor disease relapse was statistically significantly associated with CD34, CD3, or CD14 cell doses or the CD14 to CD3 ratio. CD3 and CD14 cell doses and CD14 to CD3 ratios did not correlate with the tempo of neutrophil and platelet engraftment. However, increasing CD34 cell numbers were significantly associated with accelerated neutrophil (P = .03) and platelet (P = .01) engraftment. Higher doses of CD34 cells (> 8.0 × 106/kg) were also associated with a significantly increased hazard of clinical extensive chronic GVHD (HR = 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-3.7,P = .001), but neither CD3 nor CD14 doses were statistically significantly associated with chronic GVHD. It was concluded that CD34 cell dose in G-PBMC grafts appears to affect both the engraftment kinetics and the development of clinical extensive chronic GVHD in HLA-identical sibling recipients but without a demonstrable impact on survival, relapse, and acute GVHD. Given the morbidity associated with extensive chronic GVHD, efforts to further accelerate engraftment in HLA-matched sibling transplants by increasing CD34 cell number in G-PBMC products may be counterproductive.
Transfer of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT) gene into T lymphocytes results in extension of replicative potential
Authors: Rufer Nathalie , Migliaccio Marco , Antonchuk Jennifer , Humphries R. Keith , Roosnek Eddy , Lansdorp Peter M.
Published: July 2002

In most human somatic cells telomeres progressively shorten with each cell division eventually leading to chromosomal instability and cell senescence. The loss of telomere repeats with cell divisions may also limit the replicative life span of antigen-specific T lymphocytes. Recent studies have shown that the replicative life span of various primary human cells can be prolonged by induced expression of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene. To test whether introduction of hTERT can extend the life span of primary human T lymphocytes, naive CD8+ T lymphocytes were transfected with retroviral vectors containing the hTERTgene. Transduced T-cell clones expressed high levels of telomerase and either maintained or elongated their telomere lengths upon culture for extended periods of time. Two of the transduced subclones retained a normal cloning efficiency for more than 170 population doublings (PDs). In contrast, T-cell clones transfected with control vectors exhibited progressive telomere length shortening and stopped proliferation at around 108 PDs. Telomerase-positive T clones had a normal 46,XY karyotype, maintained their cytotoxic properties, and showed very little staining for the apoptotic marker annexin-V. These results indicate that ectopic hTERT gene expression is capable of extending the replicative life span of primary human CD8+cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Donor characteristics as risk factors in recipients after transplantation of bone marrow from unrelated donors: the effect of donor age
Authors: Kollman Craig , Howe Craig W. S. , Anasetti Claudio , Antin Joseph H. , Davies Stella M. , Filipovich Alexandra H. , Hegland Janet , Kamani Naynesh , Kernan Nancy A. , King Roberta , Ratanatharathorn Voravit , Weisdorf Daniel , Confer Dennis L.
Published: July 2002

The National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) maintains a registry of approximately 4 million volunteer unrelated donors for patients in need of a stem cell transplant. When several comparably HLA-matched volunteers are identified for a patient, various criteria are used to select a donor. A retrospective analysis of 6978 bone marrow transplantations facilitated by the NMDP from 1987 to 1999 was conducted to study the effects of various donor characteristics on recipient outcome. The evaluation addressed possible effects of donor age, cytomegalovirus serologic status, ABO compatibility, race, sex, and parity on overall and disease-free survival, acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), engraftment, and relapse. Age was the only donor trait significantly associated with overall and disease-free survival. Five-year overall survival rates for recipients were 33%, 29%, and 25%, respectively, with donors aged 18 to 30 years, 31 to 45 years, and more than 45 years (P = .0002). A similar effect was observed among HLA-mismatched cases (28%, 22%, and 19%, respectively). A race mismatch between recipient and donor did not affect outcome. The cumulative incidences of grade III or IV acute GVHD were 30%, 34%, and 34%, respectively, with donors aged 18 to 30 years, 31 to 45 years, and more than 45 years (P = .005). The corresponding incidences of chronic GVHD at 2 years were 44%, 48%, and 49% (P = 0.02). Recipients with female donors who had undergone multiple pregnancies had a higher rate of chronic GVHD than recipients with male donors (54% versus 44%;P < .0001). The use of younger donors may lower the incidence of GVHD and improve survival after bone marrow transplantation. Age should be considered when selecting among comparably HLA-matched volunteer donors.
Distinct regulatory elements are required for faithful expression of human CD4 in T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells of transgenic mice
Authors: Hanna Zaher , Rebai Najet , Poudrier Johanne , Jolicoeur Paul
Published: July 2002

To identify the regulatory elements controlling expression of the human CD4 (hCD4) gene in different cell types of the immune system, deletion and chimeric (human/murine) reporter genes were constructed and tested in transgenic (Tg) mice. Regulatory elements required for the proper hCD4 expression in the immature double-positive thymic T cells were identified in the enhancer and in the 3′ end of intron 1. Expression of hCD4 in macrophages is controlled by at least 2 sets of regulatory elements: one present in front of exon 1 and the second at the 5′ end of intron 1. The hCD4 elements required for expression on both myeloid and lymphoid CD8α+ dendritic cells (DCs) from lymph node and thymus were found to be different from those required for macrophage expression. The results indicate that expression of hCD4 in T cells, macrophages, and DCs is controlled by distinct regulatory elements.
Interleukin-6 stimulates thrombopoiesis through thrombopoietin: role in inflammatory thrombocytosis
Authors: Kaser Arthur , Brandacher Gerald , Steurer Wolfgang , Kaser Susanne , Offner Felix A. , Zoller Heinz , Theurl Igor , Widder Walter , Molnar Clemens , Ludwiczek Othmar , Atkins Michael B. , Mier James W. , Tilg Herbert
Published: July 2002

Baseline platelet production is dependent on thrombopoietin (TPO). TPO is constitutively produced and primarily regulated by receptor-mediated uptake by platelets. Inflammatory thrombocytosis is thought to be related to increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. To address whether IL-6 might act through TPO to increase platelet counts, TPO was neutralized in vivo in C57BL/10 mice treated with IL-6, and hepatic TPO mRNA expression and TPO plasma levels were studied. Transcriptional regulation of TPO mRNA was studied in the hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2. Furthermore, TPO plasma levels were determined in IL-6–treated cancer patients. It is shown that IL-6–induced thrombocytosis in C57BL/10 mice is accompanied by enhanced hepatic TPO mRNA expression and elevated TPO plasma levels. Administration of IL-6 to cancer patients results in a corresponding increase in TPO plasma levels. IL-6 enhances TPO mRNA transcription in HepG2 cells. IL-6–induced thrombocytosis can be abrogated by neutralization of TPO, suggesting that IL-6 induces thrombocytosis through TPO. A novel pathway of TPO regulation by the inflammatory mediator IL-6 is proposed, indicating that the number of platelets by themselves might not be the sole determinant of circulating TPO levels and thus of thrombopoiesis. This regulatory pathway might be of relevance for the understanding of reactive thrombocytosis.
Essential role for phosphoinositide 3-kinase in shear-dependent signaling between platelet glycoprotein Ib/V/IX and integrin αIIbβ3
Authors: Yap Cindy L. , Anderson Karen E. , Hughan Sascha C. , Dopheide Sacha M. , Salem Hatem H. , Jackson Shaun P.
Published: July 2002

Platelet adhesion and aggregation at sites of vascular injury are critically dependent on the interaction between von Willebrand factor (VWF) and 2 major platelet adhesion receptors, glycoprotein (GP) Ib/V/IX and integrin αIIbβ3. GP Ib/V/IX binding to VWF mediates platelet tethering and translocation, whereas activation of integrin αIIbβ3 promotes cell arrest. To date, the signaling pathways used by the VWF-GP Ib/V/IX interaction to promote activation of integrin αIIbβ3, particularly under shear, have remained poorly defined. In this study, the potential involvement of type 1 phosphoinositide (PI) 3–kinases in this process was investigated. Results show that platelet adhesion and spreading on immobilized VWF results in a specific increase in the PI 3–kinase lipid product, PtdIns(3,4)P2. Under static conditions, inhibiting PI 3–kinase with LY294002 or wortmannin did not prevent platelet adhesion, integrin αIIbβ3activation, or platelet spreading although it significantly delayed the onset of these events. In contrast, PI 3–kinase inhibition under shear dramatically reduced both platelet adhesion and spreading. Real-time analysis of intracellular calcium demonstrated that under static conditions inhibiting PI 3–kinase delayed the onset of intracellular fluxes in adherent platelets, but did not affect the final magnitude of the calcium response. However, under shear, inhibiting PI 3–kinase dramatically reduced intracellular calcium mobilization and integrin αIIbβ3 activation, resulting in impaired thrombus growth. The studies demonstrate a shear-dependent role for PI 3–kinase in promoting platelet adhesion on immobilized VWF. Under static conditions, platelets appear to mobilize intracellular calcium through both PI 3–kinase–dependent and –independent mechanisms, whereas under shear PI 3–kinase is indispensable for VWF-induced calcium release.
CD30 triggering by agonistic antibodies regulates CXCR4 expression and CXCL12 chemotactic activity in the cell line L540
Authors: Vinante Fabrizio , Rigo Antonella , Scupoli Maria Teresa , Pizzolo Giovanni
Published: July 2002

The tumor necrosis factor receptor family molecule CD30 is expressed by activated and memory T cells, depending on IL-4 stimulation preferentially in association with Th0- and Th2-type responses. It mediates pleiotropic effects primarily of the inhibitory type. Arguing that CD30+ cells have a peculiar redistribution in disease, it is demonstrated here, in the Hodgkin-derived L540 cell line (an established model for studying CD30 signaling), that CD30 regulates the prototypic lymphoid chemokine receptor CXCR4 (CD184), which plays an important role in many organ systems and is a coreceptor for human immunodeficiency virus-1 entry. CD30 stimulation with agonistic antibodies in L540 cells led to the accumulation of CXCR4 mRNA, which reached a plateau after 4 hours and did not require protein synthesis. It has been reported recently that CD30 up-regulates the transcription of CCR7 mRNA in YT lymphoma cells. After mRNA transcription, membrane expression of CXCR4 in L540 cells increased as early as 12 hours, reached a plateau after 24 hours (MFI ± SD, 839 ± 122 vs basal 168 ± 28;P < .01) and was still increased after 5 days, permitting enhanced sensitivity to the chemotactic activity of CXCR4-ligand CXCL12 (CI ± SD, 10 ± 1 vs basal 5 ± 2;P < .01). CD30 cross-linking also induced the release of CCL5 and CCL3 and the up-regulation of membrane binding capacity for CCL3 and CCL4 and decreased proliferative activity. This new regulatory role of CD30 may be relevant for T-cell maturation and effector responses and for promoting cancer biology.
Single-translocation and double-chimeric transcripts: detection of NUP98-HOXA9 in myeloid leukemias withHOXA11 or HOXA13 breaks of the chromosomal translocation t(7;11)(p15;p15)
Authors: Fujino Takashi , Suzuki Akitaka , Ito Yoshikazu , Ohyashiki Kazuma , Hatano Yoshiaki , Miura Ikuo , Nakamura Takuro
Published: July 2002

It has been demonstrated that the chromosomal translocation t(7;11)(p15;p15) in patients with human acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) invariably involves fusion of the nucleoporin gene, NUP98, on chromosome 11 and the class 1 HOX gene, HOXA9, on chromosome 7, and that the fusion gene NUP98-HOXA9 is an important gene in myeloid leukemogenesis. Here are reported 2 novel chromosome 7p15 targets of the t(7;11)(p15;p15) chromosomal translocation in 2 patients with CML and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Southern blot and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses of leukemia cell DNA failed to show rearrangement of HOXA9,whereas NUP98 was found to be rearranged in both cases. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis using a NUP98 primer and a degenerate primer corresponding to the third helix of the homeodomain of HOXA demonstrated that NUP98 was fused in-frame to HOXA11 in the patient with CML and toHOXA13 in the patient with MDS. The chromosomal breakpoints on 7p15 were located within introns of HOXA11 orHOXA13 genes. In both patients chimericNUP98-HOXA9 transcripts were also observed. These findings suggest that AbdB-type HOXA genes are common targets of t(7;11)(p15;p15) chromosomal translocations and that a single translocation can produce more than oneNUP98-HOXA fusion gene, presumably because of altered splicing.
Trends in Hospitalizations and Liver Transplants Associated With Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease
Authors: Sethi Vrishketan , Bataller Ramon , Liu Hao , Ruppert Kristine M. , Molinari Michele
Published: November 2024

This study investigates trends in hospitalization and liver transplant rates in the US from 2005 to 2021 associated with alcohol-induced liver disease.
Artemisinin Partial Resistance in Ugandan Children With Complicated Malaria
Authors: Henrici Ryan C. , Namazzi Ruth , Lima-Cooper Giselle , Kato Charles , Aliwuya Sadati , Dombrowski Jamille G. , Pratt Sade , Campino Susana , Conroy Andrea L. , Sutherland Colin J. , John Chandy C. , Opoka Robert O.
Published: November 2024

This study assesses artemisinin partial resistance, Pfkelch13 variations, and malaria recrudescence in Ugandan children with complicated malaria.
Social Determinants of Health and Language and Academic Outcomes in Pediatric Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Mueller Lauren , Adkins Dean , Kao Allison , Munyemana Marie-Ange , Kallogjeri Dorina , Lieu Judith E.
Published: November 2024

Importance

Cochlear implants can restore sound and enable speech and language development for children with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. Long-term outcomes of pediatric cochlear implant recipients are variable. Although the association between social determinants of health (SDH) and pediatric cochlear implant outcomes has been explored, the strength of this association has not been quantitatively synthesized in the literature.

Objective

To determine the association of SDH with language and academic outcomes in pediatric cochlear implant recipients.

Data Sources

In August 2023, the following databases were searched: Embase.com, Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Plus, APA PsycINFO, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Following duplicate exclusion of 8687 results, 5326 records were finalized.

Study Selection

Abstract screening, full-text review, and risk of bias assessment was performed by 1 to 2 reviewers. Articles were included if an effect size for an SDH variable that was associated with measures of language, communication, reading, academics, and quality of life was reported.

Main Outcomes and Measures

A random-effects meta-analysis was performed, with standardized regression coefficients measuring the relative direction and magnitude of a variable association with the outcome of interest.

Results

Of 5326 articles, 40 articles that included a total of 3809 children were included in the systematic review; 20 articles that included a total of 1905 children were included in the meta-analysis. Parental involvement, education level, and low socioeconomic status were moderately to strongly associated with language outcomes (β = 0.30; 95% CI, 0.13-0.48; β = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.29-0.62; β = −0.47; 95% CI, −0.83 to −0.10, respectively). Known determinants of language outcomes, such as the age of cochlear implantation and duration of cochlear implant use, demonstrated moderate to no associations with language outcomes (β = −0.30; 95% CI, −0.43 to −0.17; β = 0.19; 95% CI, −0.26 to 0.63, respectively).

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that SDH are associated with childhood language development and academic achievement. In addition to efforts to expedite cochlear implant placement in eligible children, optimal outcomes may be achieved with interventions centered on the child’s home, primary medical care, and school environment.
Disseminated Cystic-Appearing Lesions in Deep Spaces of the Neck
Authors: Zainal Abidin Muhammad Hosni , Mohamad Adam , Rozhan Atikah
Published: November 2024

A 65-year-old woman presented with a 2-week history of worsening, painful, right-sided neck swelling with dysphagia, odynophagia, and fever. What is your diagnosis?
Magneto‐Optical Control of Ordering Kinetics and Vacancy Behavior in Fe–Al Thin Films Quenched by Laser
Authors: Pashenkin Igor Y. , Tatarskiy Dmitry A. , Churin Sergey A. , Nechay Andrey N. , Drozdov Mikhail N. , Sapozhnikov Maksim V. , Polushkin Nikolay I.
Published: November 2024

One of the issues arising in materials science is the behavior of nonequilibrium point defects in the atomic lattice, which defines the rates of chemical reactions and relaxation processes as well as affects the physical properties of solids. It is previously theoretically predicted that melting and rapid solidification of metals and alloys provide a vacancy concentration in the quenched material, which can be comparable to that quantity at the point of melting. Here, the vacancy behavior is studied experimentally in thin films of the near equiatomic Fe–Al alloy subjected to nanosecond laser annealing with intensities up to film ablation. The effects of laser irradiation are studied by monitoring magneto‐optically the ordering kinetics in the alloy at the very ablation edge, within a narrow (micron‐scale) ring‐shaped region around the ablation zone. Quantitatively, the vacancy supersaturation in the quenched alloy has been estimated by fitting a simulated temporal evolution of the long‐range chemical order to the obtained experimental data. Laser quenching (LQ) of alloys and single‐element materials will be a tool for obtaining novel phase states within a small volume of the crystal.
Unusual Antibacterial Property and Selectivity Enabled by Tuning Nanozyme Activities of L‐Arginine Derived Carbon Dots
Authors: Yu Meizhe , Li Peili , Li Jiaying , Chen Xueli , Hu Zhimin , Wang Yiran , Zeng Jing , Han Fengxuan , Gong Xuedong , Li Bin , Xing Xiaodong
Published: November 2024

Functional integration of antimicrobial activity and cell proliferation promotion at low concentrations is important for the clinical application of carbon dots (CDs). In this study, the precursor, L‐arginine, and dopant, copper salt, are used to prepare copper‐doped CDs (Cu‐CDs). Owing to their excellent synergistic enzyme‐like activities, Cu‐CDs can rapidly increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) to lethal levels, preferentially in bacteria, and exhibit potent antibacterial ability, which can mainly be attributed to the membrane disruption effect. Concurrently, the cell proliferation‐promoting activity of arginine‐derived CDs is inherited. The Cu‐CDs achieve perfect integration of dual functions at low concentrations, especially advantageous for applications. With as little as 100 µg mL−1 of Cu‐CDs, the infected wound heals obviously faster than 2 mg mL−1 of antibiotic, although the traditional antibiotic group shows slightly better antibacterial efficiency, suggesting its effect in simultaneously scavenging bacteria and promoting tissue repair effect in vivo. The super selective mechanism probably originates from the endocytosis of Cu‐CDs by mammalian cells, while superoxide dismutase down‐regulates ROS levels in cells to act as a mitotic signaling agent for promoting cell growth. This strategy provides an efficient, convenient, and safe solution to combat bacterial infections, and suggests a novel approach for modifying antimicrobial biomaterials.
Gigahertz Modulation of a Fully Dielectric Nonlocal Metasurface
Authors: Pitanti Alessandro , Da Prato Gaia , Biasiol Giorgio , Tredicucci Alessandro , Zanotto Simone
Published: November 2024

Nonlocal metasurfaces are currently emerging as advanced tools for the manipulation of electromagnetic radiation, going beyond the widely explored Huygens metasurface concept. Nonetheless, the lack of an unified approach for their fast and efficient tunability still represents a serious challenge to overcome. This study reports on the gigahertz modulation of a dielectric slab‐based, nonlocal (i.e., angle‐dispersive) metasurface, whose operation relies on the optomechanical coupling with a mechanical wave excited piezoelectrically by a transducer integrated on the same chip. Importantly, the metasurface region is free from any conductive material, thus eliminating optical losses, and making the device of potential interest for delicate environments such as high‐power apparatuses or quantum optical systems.
Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Organic Light Emitting Diodes: Solution Processed to Printed
Authors: Cole Cameron M. , Yambem Soniya D.
Published: November 2024

Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have progressed immensely, enabled by the different generations of light emitting materials. The latest generation of light emitting materials for OLEDs are the thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters and there has been significant effort in making solution processable TADF emitters, which has led to printable TADF OLEDs. This review provides an analysis of the current state‐of‐the‐art solution processed TADF OLEDs including white‐OLEDs. We find that fully solution processed TADF OLEDs, where all the organic layers are solution processed, account for only ≈4% of the reported solution processed TADF OLEDs. We also evaluate the progress of printed TADF OLEDs, examining the state‐of‐the‐art performances, different emissive materials and the similarities and differences in the device structures used. Our analysis reveals that the majority of the printing for TADF OLEDs is through inkjet printing and their emission peaks predominantly fall within the 500 nm to <600 nm. We conclude with proposals of potential areas for further research for the development of cheaper and scalable OLEDs.
Fine‐Tuning Porous Structure of Zirconium‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks for Efficient Separation and Purification of Astaxanthin by Defect Engineering
Authors: Na Xin , Xing Shanghua , Tan Mingqian , Su Wentao
Published: November 2024

Efficient separation of bioactive compounds from nature source, particularly that of astaxanthin (AXT), remains challenging due to their low content in complicated matrix and readily degradable structure. Herein, a modulator‐induced defect engineering is presented on the stable zirconium‐based metal–organic frameworks (Zr‐MOFs) to optimize pore size and pore chemistry for the efficient separation and purification of AXT for the first time. High adsorption capacity of 26.21 mg g−1 is achieved on the best‐performing defect Zr‐MOF (d‐UiO‐67‐4), superior over the other reported adsorbent for AXT. Meanwhile, d‐UiO‐67‐4 exhibits the selective adsorption of AXT over other carotenoids analogues with similar structure and properties. This is attributed to the preferential non‐covalent interactions between defect framework and AXT revealed by the spectroscopy analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. High purity of AXT with 89.0% ± 2.3% extraction efficiency can be realized after the purification of AXT by d‐UiO‐67‐4. The practical separation performance of d‐UiO‐67‐4 for AXT extracted from Haematococcus pluvialis is demonstrated by fixed‐bed column‐based dynamic adsorption and desorption experiments. This work broadens the preparation methods for thermosensitive active substances and provided new research ideas for the controlled adsorption of functional food factors.
Jammed Pickering Emulsion Gels
Authors: Zhang Jia , Zheng Yuan , Guo Baoling , Sun Dongpeng , Xiao Yao , Yang Ze , Liu Rongrong , Chen Jingyi , Wu Baiheng , Zhao Peng , Ruan Jian , Weitz David A , Chen Dong
Published: November 2024

Emulsion gels with specific rheological properties have widespread applications in foods, cosmetics, and biomedicines. However, the constructions of water‐in‐oil emulsion gels are still challenging, due to the limited interactions available in the continuous oil phase. Here, a versatile strategy is developed to prepare a new type of emulsion gels, called Jammed Pickering emulsion gels (JPEGs). In the JPEG system, SiO2 NPs in the oil phase serve as colloidal surfactants to stabilize water‐in‐oil Pickering emulsions, while positively‐charged NH2‐PEG‐NH2 molecules in the water phase cross‐link negatively‐charged SiO2 NPs at the water/oil interface, making NP‐stabilized water droplets hard to deform and thus jamming the emulsion system to form emulsion gels. The strategy to prepare JPEGs is versatile and applicable to diverse oil phases. The designed JPEGs possess many advantages, including good biocompatibility for widespread applications, shear‐thinning rheological properties for easy processing, good stability Over a wide temperature range and Against centrifugation, good adhesion to wet tissues for tissue engineering, and well‐controlled sustained release Under intestinal conditions. The developed JPEGs are demonstrated to be a promising delivery platform and the strategy to achieve JPEGs will trigger more innovations of material design.
Retina‐Inspired X‐Ray Optoelectronic Synapse Using Amorphous Ga2O3 Thin Film
Authors: Liang Huili , Tang Xiaoyan , Shao Hang , Zhu Rui , Deng Shizhi , Zhan Xiaozhi , Zhu Tao , Wang Jiwei , Zhang Jihua , Zhang Guangyu , Mei Zengxia
Published: November 2024

Machine vision techniques are widely applied for object identification in daily life and industrial production, where images are captured and processed by sensors, memories, and processing units sequentially. Neuromorphic optoelectronic synapses, as a preferable option to promote the efficiency of image recognition, are hotly pursued in non‐ionizing radiation range, but rarely in ionizing radiation including X‐rays. Here, the study proposes an X‐ray optoelectronic synapse using amorphous Ga2O3 (a‐Ga2O3) thin film. Boosted by the interfacial VO2+ defects and its slow neutralization rate, the enhanced electron tunneling process at metal/a‐Ga2O3 interface produces remarkable X‐ray‐induced post‐synaptic current, contributing to a sensitivity of 20.5, 64.3, 164.1 µC mGy−1 cm−2 for the 1st, 5th, and 10th excitation periods, respectively. Further, a 64 × 64 imaging sensor is constructed on a commercial amorphous Si (a‐Si) thin film transistor (TFT) array. The image contrast can be apparently improved under a series of X‐ray pulses due to an outstanding long‐term plasticity of the single pixel, which is beneficial to the subsequent image recognition and classification based on artificial neural network. The merits of large‐scale production ability and good compatibility with modern microelectronic techniques belonging to amorphous oxide semiconductors may promote the development of neuro‐inspired X‐ray imagers and corresponding machine vision systems.
Emerging Spatiotemporal Dynamics in Multiterminal Neuromorphic Nanowire Networks Through Conductance Matrices and Voltage Maps
Authors: Pilati Davide , Michieletti Fabio , Cultrera Alessandro , Ricciardi Carlo , Milano Gianluca
Published: November 2024

Self‐organizing memristive nanowire (NW) networks are promising candidates for neuromorphic‐type data processing in a physical reservoir computing framework because of their collective emergent behavior, which enables spatiotemporal signal processing. However, understanding emergent dynamics in multiterminal networks remains challenging. Here experimental spatiotemporal characterization of memristive NW networks dynamics in multiterminal configuration is reported, analyzing the activation and relaxation of network's global and local conductance, as well as the inherent spatial nonlinear transformation capabilities. Emergent effects are analyzed i) during activation, by investigating the spatiotemporal dynamics of the electric field distribution across the network through voltage mapping; ii) during relaxation, by monitoring the evolution of the conductance matrix of the multiterminal system. The multiterminal approach also allowed monitoring the spatial distribution of nonlinear activity, demonstrating the impact of different network areas on the system's information processing capabilities. Nonlinear transformation tasks are experimentally performed by driving the network into different conductive states, demonstrating the importance of selecting proper operating conditions for efficient information processing. This work allows a better understanding of the local nonlinear dynamics in NW networks and their impact on the information processing capabilities, providing new insights for a rational design of self‐organizing neuromorphic systems.
Irrigation frequency effects on Prizm zoysiagrass establishment from sprigs
Authors: Carr Tyler Q. , Sorochan John C. , Brosnan James, T. , Horvath Brandon J. , Walters Kellie. J.
Published: November 2024

Zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp. Willd.) is a popular choice for commercial and residential lawns, as well as golf course fairways and tees because it requires less light, fertilizer, and mowing compared to bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.). However, zoysiagrass' slow growth rate compared to other putting green options presents a challenge for both rapid establishment from sprigs and its wider adoption as a putting green surface. It is currently unknown if very frequent irrigation, commonly used in horticultural propagation, can be applied to turfgrass and accelerate establishment from sprigs. Irrigation was applied to Prizm zoysiagrass sprigs across either four or 192 irrigation events from 06:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. Prizm zoysiagrass establishment was unaffected by irrigation frequency and averaged 40% turfgrass coverage after 21.6 and 27.3 days in run A and run B, respectively. These results imply that very frequent irrigation did not accelerate establishment. Additional research elucidating zoysiagrass sprig physiology during propagation and development is necessary to better define management practices that hasten establishment.
Comparison of Sport Type on the Handgrip Strength Change in Young Athletes
Authors: Abe Takashi , Abe Akemi , Loenneke Jeremy P.
Published: November 2024

Objective

Whether or not an athlete plays with sports equipment in their hands may influence handgrip strength (HGS) changes during development, but longitudinal studies have not confirmed this. This study compared one‐year HGS changes between two sports types (soccer vs. kendo) in children and adolescent athletes.

Methods

One hundred sixty‐eight young athletes (86 kendo boys and 82 soccer boys) had two HGS measurements separated by 1 year. A 2 (sports) by 2 (timepoints 1 and 2) repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine whether HGS changed differently between sports.

Results

There was no evidence for a sport × time interaction in HGS (p = 0.14); however, the mean difference and 95% CI were in the direction of favoring a greater change in kendo athletes [difference of 0.6 (95% CI: −0.2, 1.5) kg]. There was a main effect of time and sport. Kendo athletes had a 4.6 (95% CI: 1.8, 7.5) kg greater HGS than soccer athletes. There was no evidence that the change in HGS between sports depended on the initial age of the athlete (p = 0.205).

Conclusion

Using sports equipment during play may positively affect HGS.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthetic Pathways of Pyrrole: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Yadav Ritika , Sanduja Mohit , Kumar Vinod , Sharma Kirti , Khan Sameer , Kumar Kapil
Published: November 2024

Microwave synthesis is a sustainable and eco‐friendly method for producing novel organic compounds, offering faster reactions, higher yields, and improved purity compared to traditional techniques. Efficiency is increased by the uniform heating caused by microwave radiation, especially for the synthesis of heterocyclic compound and their derivatives. Owing to have important biological and therapeutic qualities, a number of microwave‐assisted synthetic methods of pyrroles have been developed that produce better results than the conventional reported method. In view of this, the present review emphasizes solvent‐free and catalyst‐free methods for the microwave‐assisted synthesis of pyrrole and its fusion with other heterocycles such as furan, pyridine, beta‐lactam, and indole. A comparison between traditional and microwave‐assisted techniques is given in terms of reagents, covering yield, waste minimization, solvents, and catalysts.
Additive effects of cerebrovascular disease functional connectome phenotype and plasma p‐tau181 on longitudinal neurodegeneration and cognitive outcomes
Authors: Chong Joanna Su Xian , Ji Fang , Hilal Saima , Chong Joyce Ruifen , Lau Jia Ming , Tong Nathanael Ren Jie , Tan Boon Yeow , Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy , Lai Mitchell Kim Peng , Chen Christopher Li‐Hsian , Zhou Juan Helen
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION

We investigated the effects of multiple cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) neuroimaging markers on brain functional connectivity (FC), and how such CeVD‐related FC changes interact with plasma phosphorylated tau (p‐tau)181 (an Alzheimer's disease [AD] marker) to influence downstream neurodegeneration and cognitive changes.

METHODS

Multivariate associations among four CeVD markers and whole‐brain FC in 529 participants across the dementia spectrum were examined using partial least squares correlation. Interactive effects of CeVD‐related FC patterns and p‐tau181 on longitudinal gray matter volume (GMV) and cognitive changes were investigated using linear mixed‐effects models.

RESULTS

We identified a brain FC phenotype associated with high CeVD burden across all markers. Further, expression of this general CeVD‐related FC phenotype and p‐tau181 contributed additively, but not synergistically, to baseline and longitudinal GMV and cognitive changes.

DISCUSSION

Our findings suggest that CeVD exerts global effects on the brain connectome and highlight the additive nature of AD and CeVD on neurodegeneration and cognition.

Highlights

Effects of multiple cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) markers on functional connectivity were studied.

A global network phenotype linked to high burden across CeVD markers was identified.

CeVD phenotype and plasma phosphorylated tau 181 contributed additively to downstream outcomes.
One‐Step Esterification of Phosphoric, Phosphonic and Phosphinic Acids with Organosilicates: Phosphorus Chemical Recycling of Sewage Waste
Authors: Naganawa Yuki , Sakamoto Kei , Fujita Akira , Morimoto Kazuya , Ratanasak Manussada , Hasegawa Jun‐ya , Yoshida Masaru , Sato Kazuhiko , Nakajima Yumiko
Published: November 2024

Global concerns regarding the depletion and strategic importance of phosphorus resources have increased demand for the recovery and recycling. However, waste‐derived phosphorus compounds, primarily as chemically inert phosphoric acid or its salts, present a challenge to their direct conversion into high‐value chemicals. We aimed to develop an innovative technology that utilizes the large quantities of sewage waste, bypasses the use of white phosphorus, and enables esterification of phosphoric acid to produce widely applicable phosphate triesters. Tetraalkyl orthosilicates emerged as highly effective reagents for the direct triple esterification of 85 % phosphoric acid, as well as the esterification of organophosphinic and phosphonic acids. Furthermore, we achieved esterification of recovered phosphoric acid with tetraalkyl orthosilicate, thus pioneering a recycling pathway from sewage waste to valuable phosphorus chemicals. Experimental and theoretical investigations revealed a novel mechanism, wherein tetraalkyl orthosilicates facilitate multimolecular aggregation to achieve alkyl transfer from tetraalkylorthosilicate to phosphoric acid via multiple proton shuttling.