bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3,1-Benzothiazines, 1,4-Benzodioxines and 1,4-Benzoxazines as Inhibitors of Matriptase-2: Outcome of a Focused Screening Approach
Authors: Roydeva Polya , Beckmann Anna-Madeleine , Stirnberg Marit , Cesar Jožko , Kikelj Danijel , Ilaš Janez , Gütschow Michael
Published: January 2016

The liver enzyme matriptase-2 is a multi-domain, transmembrane serine protease with an extracellular, C-terminal catalytic domain. Synthetic low-molecular weight inhibitors of matriptase-2 have potential as therapeutics to treat iron overload syndromes, in particular in patients with β-thalassemia. A sub-library of 64 compounds was screened for matriptase-2 inhibition and several active compounds were identified. (S)-Ethyl 2-(benzyl(3-((4-carbamidoylphenoxy)methyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)amino)-2-oxoacetate ((S)-12) showed an IC50 value of less than 10 µM. Structure-activity relationships were discussed and proposals to design new matriptase-2 inhibitors were made.
Modeling of the Interminiband Absorption Coefficient in InGaN Quantum Dot Superlattices
Authors: Giannoccaro Giovanni , De Leonardis Francesco , Passaro Vittorio
Published: January 2016

In this paper, a model to estimate minibands and theinterminiband absorption coefficient for a wurtzite (WZ) indium gallium nitride (InGaN) self-assembled quantum dot superlattice (QDSL) is developed. It considers a simplified cuboid shape for quantum dots (QDs). The semi-analytical investigation starts from evaluation through the three-dimensional (3D) finite element method (FEM) simulations of crystal mechanical deformation derived from heterostructure lattice mismatch under spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization effects. From these results, mean values in QDs and barrier regions of charge carriers’ electric potentials and effective masses for the conduction band (CB) and three valence sub-bands for each direction are evaluated. For the minibands’ investigation, the single-particle time-independent Schrödinger equation in effective mass approximation is decoupled in three directions and resolved using the one-dimensional (1D) Kronig–Penney model. The built-in electric field is also considered along the polar axis direction, obtaining Wannier–Stark ladders. Then, theinterminiband absorption coefficient in thermal equilibrium for transverse electric (TE) and magnetic (TM) incident light polarization is calculated using Fermi’s golden rule implementation based on a numerical integration into the first Brillouin zone. For more detailed results, an absorption coefficient component related to superlattice free excitons is also introduced. Finally, some simulation results, observations and comments are given.
Coordination of Multiple Biomimetic Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Using Strategies Based on the Schooling Behaviour of Fish
Authors: McColgan Jonathan , McGookin Euan
Published: January 2016

Biomimetic Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (BAUVs) are Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) that employ similar propulsion and steering principles as real fish. While the real life applicability of these vehicles has yet to be fully investigated, laboratory investigations have demonstrated that at low speeds, the propulsive mechanism of these vehicles is more efficient when compared with propeller based AUVs. Furthermore, these vehicles have also demonstrated superior manoeuvrability characteristics when compared with conventional AUVs and Underwater Glider Systems (UGSs). Further performance benefits can be achieved through coordination of multiple BAUVs swimming in formation. In this study, the coordination strategy is based on the schooling behaviour of fish, which is a decentralized approach that allows multiple AUVs to be self-organizing. Such a strategy can be effectively utilized for large spatiotemporal data collection for oceanic monitoring and surveillance purposes. A validated mathematical model of the BAUV developed at the University of Glasgow, RoboSalmon, is used to represent the agents within a school formation. The performance of the coordination algorithm is assessed through simulation where system identification techniques are employed to improve simulation run time while ensuring accuracy is maintained. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of implementing coordination algorithms based on the behavioural mechanisms of fish to allow a group of BAUVs to be considered self-organizing.
Photogrammetric, Geometrical, and Numerical Strategies to Evaluate Initial and Current Conditions in Historical Constructions: A Test Case in the Church of San Lorenzo (Zamora, Spain)
Authors: Sánchez-Aparicio Luis , Villarino Alberto , García-Gago Jesús , González-Aguilera Diego
Published: January 2016

Identifying and quantifying the potential causes of damages to a construction and evaluating its current stability have become an imperative task in today’s world. However, the existence of variables, unknown conditions and a complex geometry hinder such work, by hampering the numerical results that simulate its behavior. Of the mentioned variables, the following can be highlighted: (i) the lack of historical information; (ii) the mechanical properties of the material; (iii) the initial geometry and (iv) the interaction with other structures. Within the field of remote sensors, the laser scanner and photogrammetric systems have become especially valuable for construction analysis. Such sensors are capable of providing highly accurate and dense geometrical data with which to assess a building’s condition. It is also remarkable, that the latter provide valuable radiometric data with which to identify the properties of the materials, and also evaluate and monitor crack patterns. Motivated by this, the present article investigates the potential offered by the combined use of photogrammetric techniques (DIC and SfM), as well as geometrical (NURBs and Hausdorff distance) and numerical strategies (FEM) to assess the origin of the damage (through an estimation of the initial conditions) and give an evaluation of the current stability (considering the deformation and the damage).
Une émigration de survivance : les Vendéens en Aquitaine
Authors: Toujas-Pinède Christiane
Published: January 2016

L'Association Nationale des Migrations rurales dirige vers le Sud- Ouest atlantique une partie de l'émigration vendéenne ordinairement orientée vers les départements limitrophes. Beaucoup moins important qu'à la fin du siècle dernier, ce courant permet cependant la réinstallation des agriculteurs du Bocage vendéen en Dordogne, en Gironde et dans les Landes. Ce sont en majorité des domestiques, des fils de cultivateurs et des ouvriers agricoles qui acceptent le dépaysement et la nécessité de s'initier à de nouvelles techniques pour acquérir une exploitation. Presque tous, actuellement, parviennent à s'adapter grâce au voisinage de compatriotes et à l'aide des syndicats d'accueil.
Anciens glaciers rocheux dans l'Est des Pyrénées centrales
Authors: Angély Georges
Published: January 2016

Repérés par l'examen des photographies aériennes, puis étudiés sur le terrain, voici trois glaciers rocheux pyrénéens, aujourd'hui morts. Tous les trois installés au creux d'un cirque et formant une langue de biocaille avec front, sillons longitudinaux et creux de tête. Ces points communs étudiés, de notables différences d âge, d'altitude, d'orientation retiennent l'attention. Elles permettent de souligner l'étroite soumission du glacier rocheux aux conditions locales et son extrême sensibilité aux modifications climatiques. Le glacier rocheux devient le témoignage d'un équilibre complexe très vite compromis.
Un exemple d'implantation industrielle en milieu rural : l'usine aéronautique Ratier-Figeac
Authors: Jalabert Guy
Published: January 2016

Entreprise décentralisée spécialisée dans la fabrication des hélices d'avions, la Société Ratier a installé ses ateliers à Figeac. Industrie de pointe, fabrications de sous-traitance, programmes à long terme sont autant de caractères qui lui permettent d'échapper aux facteurs traditionnels de localisation. L'essor de l'usine a entraîné quelques transformations pour la ville : croissance démographique par immigration de main-d'œuvre qualifiée, modification des structures socio-professionnelles. Ma's son rôle de « multiplicateur local » est limité et la situation de l'emploi à Figeac demeure en partie soumise à une mono-industrie fragile en cas de crise.
Le premier colloque interdisciplinaire sur la «science du paysage» et ses applications. Rapport de synthèse
Authors: Taillefer François
Published: January 2016

Position du problème : par quelles méthodes étudier de façon globale les milieux naturels. — Synthèse des travaux du Colloque sur « La science du paysage et ses applications », tenu à Toulouse en avril 1970.
Les structures naturelles de l'espace géographique. L'exemple des Montagnes Cantabriques centrales (nord-ouest de l'Espagne)
Authors: Bertrand Georges
Published: January 2016

La réflexion théorique et pratique sur les structures naturelles (« pattern ») de l'espace géographique complète la série des recherches méthodologiques consacrées à l'étude intégrée des milieux physiques et à la mise au point d'un système d'unités taxonomiques à la fois spatiales et globales (géotope, géofaciès, géosystème, région naturelle, domaine, zone). La carte des géosystèmes des montagnes cantabriques centrales (1/200000e, h. t., en couleurs) permet de définir 31 géosystèmes classés en fonction de leur dynamique globale (biostasie subclimacique, biostasie paraclima- cique, rhexistasie d'origine anthropique, rhexistaxie naturelle). La « région naturelle » n'est pas le « fourre-tout » géographique traditionnel. C'est une structure spatiale autonome, de IIIe ou IVe grandeur, constituée par l'agencement de plusieurs géosystèmes et caractérisée par un certain gradient naturel. Un schéma structural interprétatif permet de définir et de classer les « régions naturelles » cantabriques (structures régionales concentriques en conques et en coupoles, en dorsales et en gouttières, etc.). Les applications méthodologiques sont nombreuses et surtout très variées. On se limite à quelques exemples : rapport des unités spatiales avec l'écosystème, utilisation de la taxonomie spatiale comme système de référence, problème de la permanence des structures, etc.
Une nouvelle agriculture dans les Landes de Gascogne
Authors: Duboscq Pierre
Published: January 2016

La destruction par le feu du massif forestier landais (1939-1949) provoqua dans la « haute lande » la ruine définitive des familles paysannes, dont l'activité était partagée jusqu'alors entre agriculture et travail en forêt, leur exil et la résorption des clairières cultivées. La reconstitution du massif forestier conduisit les pouvoirs publics à créer de vastes clairières faisant office de pare-feu et dans lesquels s'installerait une nouvelle population d'agriculteurs. Au cours d'une première phase, qui vit la mise au point de techniques culturales particulières, 150 exploitations familiales furent créées sur la haute lande, non sans de sérieuses difficultés. A partir de 1968, l'initiative privée prit le pas sur l'intervention publique et de très grandes unités de culture irriguée de maïs furent aménagées, étroitement liées à certaines des plus importantes exploitations capitalistes du nord de la France, dont elles forment parfois un simple atelier de production.
L'industrie dans les villes moyennes de la région Midi-Pyrénées
Authors: Prager J.-C.
Published: January 2016

Une description schématique de l'industrie des villes moyennes de la région Midi-Pyrénées montre que celles-ci sont en général très spécialisées dans un nombre limité d'activités. La présence des différentes branches industrielles correspond d'ailleurs plus à une simple juxtaposition géographique qu'à une réelle intégration économique. On peut néanmoins dresser une typologie sommaire des villes suivant leurs caractéristiques globales d'industrialisation. Quatre groupes apparaissent nettement : les villes industrielles pures, les villes industrielles à fonction tertiaire importante, les places commerciales et les villes de services. La grande stabilité au cours des vingt dernières années de cette classification oblige ainsi les aménageurs à différencier une politique de développement des villes moyennes de la région suivant leurs fonctions : si pour les deux premiers groupes on doit rechercher d'abord la diversification de leurs activités industrielles, pour les deux derniers la croissance du tertiaire favorisera l'implantation d'industries nouvelles d'accompagnement.
L'économie de Midi-Pyrénées en crise
Authors: Idrac Michel , Laborie Jean-Paul
Published: January 2016

Au-delà du constat relatif au fléchissement de la production régionale et à l'accroissement du chômage (42 000 demandes d'emploi non satisfaites à la rentrée 1975), les auteurs soulignent le fait que la crise actuelle est aggravée par les caractères mêmes de l'économie régionale. Les difficultés rencontrées par les industries d'ancienne tradition et par les industries de création plus récente sont telles qu'elles pourraient se traduire par une désindustrialisation de Midi-Pyrénées.
Le contact entre Ségala et le Causse du Quercy
Authors: Blanquet Jacques
Published: January 2016

Geomorphological analysis of the contact between the Segala plateau and the Causse of Quercy (Aveyron, France). — A detailed analysis of the fault-scarp of Villefranche de Rouergue. Its characters depend on lithology and the evolution of the hydrographie net. There are some evidences of recent recurrent faulting. Therefore certain parts of the tectonic scarp should be considered as original, though the fault-line itself appeared since upper Palaeozoic.
Toulouse : 1947-1971. Le conseil municipal et la scène politique locale
Authors: Nevers Jean-Yves
Published: January 2016

Toulouse, 1947-1971 : national political scenery and the local town hall. — From 1947 to 1971 the municipality of Toulouse remained in the hands of a centrist majority with a socialist mayor : it excluded the communists but cooperated with the right. This was the local expression of a national policy inaugurated in 1947 when the communists where excluded from the government. This union was wrecked when the links between the socialist SFIO and the gaullists were broken in 1965. In 1968 the centrist entente was broken to pieces ; but the new leftist union was defected in 1971 by a right wing coalition. Toulouse has recently been divided into three municipal constituencies which could prove an obstacle for the leftist union to come back in the town hall, which is locally known as the Capitole.
Les transports urbains à Toulouse
Authors: Marty Marthe , Neuman Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2016

Les transports et la circulation à Toulouse connaissent une triple crise : difficultés et déficit des transports en commun qui ont conduit à restructurer la compagnie de transport ; retard des grandes infrastructures routières de dégagement ; contestation par les « mouvements urbains » actuels du tracé de ces « rocades » tardives et revendication en faveur des transports en commun. Mais les choix faits sur les plans, — accès prioritaires au centre par des « pénétrantes », voies sur berges, parkings centraux — , vont dans le sens du développement de la circulation automobile en attendant la construction d'un transport en site propre qui demeure à l'étude.
Libourne (Gironde) : exemple d'une ville moyenne
Authors: Bruneau Jean-Claude
Published: January 2016

Libourne (Gironde) : the case of a French provincial middle sized town. — Inhabited by 23 000 people in 1975, Libourne (Gironde) is one of the smallest medium size town in France. The fluvial terraces and the confluence of Dordogne and Isle rivers have a great influence on the townscape and on the distribution of the various urban districts as well. The quadrangular plan of the middle-ages' bastide was kept in the inner core of the city where many obsolete or shanty houses remain : these two features are both considered as obstacles by those who try to improve the local present conditions of housing and traffic. The golden age of the regional vine growing economy is responsible for the extension of various suburbs along the main roads leading to the city ; then, the dissemination of separate houses and, later on, the creation of some housing estates has anarchically disorganized a part of the well known vineyards of Pomerol and Saint Emilion. The author stresses that it is urgent to reorganise the town. The present plans suggest new housing estates and an enlarged industrial estate which should be considered with a basin for water sports in the northern area ; on the contrary the spreading of new houses eastwards should be mostly organised in so said « hamlets » ; and a large by-pass road should connect the new urban districts thus created.
L'irrigation en Espagne : essai d'évaluation et d'interprétation
Authors: Bethemont Jacques
Published: January 2016

El regadío en España : intento de valoración y de interpretación. — La expansión reciente y persistente de los regadíos en España sólo puede entenderse como resultado del aprovechamiento coordinado de recursos naturales escasos. Este aprovechamiento benefició principalmente el sector agrario que consume el 85 % de las cantidades de agua disponibles. A pesar de notables éxitos, la agricultura de regadío no solucionó de manera decisiva los problemas agrarios de España. Incluso, su desarrollo en los años venideros puede verse frustrado en parte por el rápido crecimiento de la demanda urbana e industrial de agua.
Autologous Olfactory Lamina Propria Transplantation for Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: Three-Year Follow-Up Outcomes from a Prospective Double-Blinded Clinical Trial
Authors: Wang Sheng , Lu Jike , Li Yu-An , Zhou Hui , Ni Wen-Fei , Zhang Xiao-Lei , Zhu Si-Pin , Chen Bo-Bei , Xu Hui , Wang Xiang-Yang , Xiao Jian , Huang Hongyun , Chi Yong-Long , Xu Hua-Zi
Published: January 2016

We did a clinical trial to determine whether olfactory mucosa lamina propria (OLP) transplants promote regeneration and functional recovery in chronic human spinal cord injury (SCI). The trial randomized 12 subjects to OLP transplants ( n = 8) or control sham surgery ( n=4). The subjects received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electromyography (EMG), urodynamic study (UDS), American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale (AIS), and other functional assessments. OLP-transplanted subjects recovered more motor, sensory, and bladder function compared to sham-operated subjects. At 3 years after OLP transplant, one patient improved from AIS A to C and another recovered from AIS A to B, two recovered more than three segmental sensory levels, two had less spasticity, two had altered H-reflexes and SSEP, two regained bladder and anorectal sensation and had improved bladder compliance on UDS. OLP-treated patients had partial or complete tissue bridges at the injury site compared to cavitary gaps in sham-operated patients. The limited recovery suggests that OLP transplants alone do not have significant benefits but may provide a rationale for larger randomized trials or combination therapies.
Trophic Effects of Dental Pulp Stem Cells on Schwann Cells in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Yamamoto Tsubasa , Osako Yohei , Ito Masataka , Murakami Masashi , Hayashi Yuki , Horibe Hiroshi , Iohara Koichiro , Takeuchi Norio , Okui Nobuyuki , Hirata Hitoshi , Nakayama Hidenori , Kurita Kenichi , Nakashima Misako
Published: January 2016

Recently, mesenchymal stem cells have demonstrated a potential for neurotrophy and neurodifferentiation. We have recently isolated mobilized dental pulp stem cells (MDPSCs) using granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) gradient, which has high neurotrophic/angiogenic potential. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of MDPSC transplantation on peripheral nerve regeneration. Effects of MDPSC transplantation were examined in a rat sciatic nerve defect model and compared with autografts and control conduits containing collagen scaffold. Effects of conditioned medium of MDPSCs were also evaluated in vitro. Transplantation of MDPSCs in the defect demonstrated regeneration of myelinated fibers, whose axons were significantly higher in density compared with those in autografts and control conduits only. Enhanced revascularization was also observed in the MDPSC transplants. The MDPSCs did not directly differentiate into Schwann cell phenotype; localization of these cells near Schwann cells induced several neurotrophic factors. Immunofluorescence labeling demonstrated reduced apoptosis and increased proliferation in resident Schwann cells in the MDPSC transplant compared with control conduits. These trophic effects of MDPSCs on proliferation, migration, and antiapoptosis in Schwann cells were further elucidated in vitro. The results demonstrate that MDPSCs promote axon regeneration through trophic functions, acting on Schwann cells, and promoting angiogenesis.
LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE
Authors: Nergard Vegard
Published: January 2016

The purpose of this study was to explore how pilots potentially learn from their and others‘ experience through post-flight debriefing. Through a case study of pilots who fly air ambulances, this article attempts to illustrate the importance of learning from experience (Bion 1962) among pilots in aviation.
An Evaluation of Total Project Risk Based on Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Doskočil Radek
Published: January 2016

The article deals with the use of fuzzy logic as a support of evaluation of total project risk. A brief description of actual project risk management, fuzzy set theory, fuzzy logic and the process of calculation is given. The major goal of this paper is to present am new expert decision-making fuzzy model for evaluating total project risk. This fuzzy model based on RIPRAN method. RIPRAN (RIsk PRoject ANalysis) method is an empirical method for the analysis of project risks. The Fuzzy Logic Toolbox in MATLAB software was used to create the decision-making fuzzy model. The advantage of the fuzzy model is the ability to transform the input variables The Number of Sub-Risks (NSR) and The Total Value of Sub-Risks (TVSR) to linguistic variables, as well as linguistic evaluation of the Total Value of Project Risk (TVPR) – output variable. With this approach it is possible to simulate the risk value and uncertainty that are always associated with real projects. The scheme of the model, rule block, attributes and their membership functions are mentioned in a case study. The use of fuzzy logic is a particular advantage in decision-making processes where description by algorithms is extremely difficult and criteria are multiplied.
The Model of Tourist Virtual Community Members Engagement Management
Authors: Stepaniuk Krzysztof
Published: January 2016

Building numerous and active virtual tourist communities involved in the tourist brand, connected with product, attraction or travel destination is a significant challenge for a dynamic and competitive tourist market. The main aim of presented pilot study was the drawing up guidelines for development of users engagement of selected virtual tourist communities on the example of Facebook. For that purpose a ranking of the most popular indicators of thematic areas, around which virtual tourist communities are formed was built. Simultaneously a typology of members of virtual tourist communities was presented as well as motives for the participation in communities gathered around the definite subject matter were analysed.
ON THE ORIGIN OF HIGH-ALTITUDE OPEN CLUSTERS IN THE MILKY WAY
Authors: Martinez-Medina L. A. , Pichardo B. , Moreno E. , Peimbert A. , Velazquez H.
Published: January 2016

We present a dynamical study of the effect of the bar and spiral arms on the simulated orbits of open clusters in the Galaxy. Specifically, this work is devoted to the puzzling presence of high-altitude open clusters in the Galaxy. For this purpose we employ a very detailed observationally motivated potential model for the Milky Way and a careful set of initial conditions representing the newly born open clusters in the thin disk. We find that the spiral arms are able to raise an important percentage of open clusters (about one-sixth of the total employed in our simulations, depending on the structural parameters of the arms) above the Galactic plane to heights beyond 200 pc, producing a bulge-shaped structure toward the center of the Galaxy. Contrary to what was expected, the spiral arms produce a much greater vertical effect on the clusters than the bar, both in quantity and height; this is due to the sharper concentration of the mass on the spiral arms, when compared to the bar. When a bar and spiral arms are included, spiral arms are still capable of raising an important percentage of the simulated open clusters through chaotic diffusion (as tested from classification analysis of the resultant high-z orbits), but the bar seems to restrain them, diminishing the elevation above the plane by a factor of about two.
L’originalité de la doctrine trinitaire du Commentaire de l’évangile selon saint Jean par saint Thomas d’Aquin
Authors: Sabathé Martin
Published: January 2016

Il est possible de repérer dans le Commentaire de l’évangile de saint Jean par saint Thomas d’Aquin des éléments de la doctrine trinitaire, originaux même au sein de l’œuvre du théologien dominicain. En particulier, des « axiomes » gouvernant l’activité des personnes divines dans l’économie du salut sont explicités par l’Aquinate dans le Commentaire. Ces axiomes portent sur la manifestation du principe de la procession par la personne qui en procède, et sur l’assimilation qu’opère l’Esprit Saint à son principe. Ainsi apparaît chez Thomas une théologie du « retour vers le Père », qui interprète l’économie à la lumière des processions trinitaires.
De Copernic à Descartes : l’Empyrée, la parallaxe stellaire et le mouvement de la Terre
Authors: Mehl Édouard
Published: January 2016

La révolution copernicienne a des conséquences cosmologiques sur lesquelles Copernic a été peu disert, et dont il faut attendre Giordano Bruno ou Descartes pour mesurer l’exacte portée. L’aspect le plus spectaculaire de cette révolution post-copernicienne est bien sûr la suppression de la sphère des étoiles fixes. L’article examine cette question sous deux aspects : (i) les conséquences problématiques de l’immobilisation copernicienne de la sphère des fixes par rapport à la fiction théologique d’un ciel empyrée, et (ii) la (vaine) recherche d’une parallaxe stellaire, supposée, chez Kepler, Galilée et Descartes, constituer une preuve a posteriori de la théorie copernicienne. On souligne enfin la grande subtilité de l’argumentation déployée dans les Principia Philosophiae de Descartes (1644) qui utilisent la supposition « arbitraire » de l’empyrée pour renvoyer dos-à-dos les coperniciens strictement géomobilistes, et leurs adversaires tychoniens, qui espéraient, moyennant cette supposition, pouvoir laisser la Terre immobile au centre du monde.
Anfiteatros romanos en la Bética: reflexiones sobre su geometría, diseño y traza
Authors: Jiménez Hernández Alejandro
Published: January 2016

Los anfiteatros romanos de la Bética no han sido suficientemente estudiados, y los que conocemos parecen ser una muestra escasa de los que realmente debió haber. De los cinco conocidos, el de Berja pertenece a un pequeño núcleo urbano, el de Carmona puede ser un anfiteatro militar y los tres mayores, los de Itálica, Écija y Córdoba, son grandes edificios con características muy similares en el diseño y construidos en un corto espacio temporal. Parten de un óvalo en el que la relación entre sus focos es un triángulo pitagórico con una distancia de 120 pies romanos entre los focos del eje mayor y de 160 entre los del eje menor que marcan el ancho de la arena. El número de arcos de fachada se obtiene de multiplicar por 40 la media de los semiejes y dividirlo todo por el ancho de la cávea, 40R/C, sistema aplicable a la mayor parte de los grandes anfiteatros imperiales salvo el Coliseo y Capua cuyos arcos se obtienen a partir de 50R/C; la altura desde la cota de la arena es 44/7 veces el intercolumnio.
Difusión de modelos técnicos romanos: particularidades del sistema de abastecimiento de agua a la ciudad de Baelo Claudia
Authors: Borau Laetitia
Published: January 2016

A lo largo del año 2013 se llevó a cabo un nuevo trabajo de investigación sobre las redes de abastecimiento de agua de la ciudad romana de Baelo Claudia. Más concretamente, se estudiaron sus acueductos y su castellum aquae. El desarrollo de dicho proyecto tuvo como primer objetivo hacer un balance del estado de conservación de los vestigios arqueológicos. Además, permitió destacar la originalidad de ciertos dispositivos, como son los puentes y los pozos de resalto. Por ende, sirvió para mejorar nuestra comprensión acerca de cómo se realizaba la difusión de técnicas itálicas desde la cuenca mediterránea hasta la costa atlántica.
Novedades sobre la tipología de las ánforas Dressel 2-4 tarraconenses
Authors: Berni Millet Piero
Published: January 2016

El nombre canónico Dressel 2-4 se utiliza tradicionalmente en el argot científico para señalar a las ánforas vinícolas más representativas de época romana altoimperial, especialmente aquellas producidas en la vertiente occidental del Mediterráneo. Se trata de una definición genérica y al mismo tiempo ambigua que agrupa tres formas sucesivas de la tabla tipológica de Dressel en CIL XV, con una función económica común a través de un diseño afín, pero con valores diferentes, como vamos a ver, llenos de contradicciones. Desde que André Tchernia diera a conocer en 1971 a la comunidad internacional la existencia de hornos en Cataluña para producir esta clase de ánfora, el concepto de “Dressel 2-4 tarraconense” se ha convertido en una constante que encontramos, en la práctica, ejemplificada en la casi totalidad de los trabajos publicados hasta nuestros días. Para comprender su razón de ser, la naturaleza del nombre, y sus límites científicos como clasificación tipológica, hemos creído necesario llevar a cabo un nuevo análisis general de los datos publicados hasta ahora. Esta labor ha dado como resultado la confección del primer modelo descriptivo con el que poder datar las ánforas layetanas con precisión. Asimismo, la sistematización en el tiempo de sus variantes evolutivas ha hecho posible percibir un cambio en la dinámica comercial de los vinos por la coyuntura “calidad versus cantidad”.
La science comme activité sociale : raisons et domaines d’étude pour la sociologie des sciences
Authors: Dubois Michel , Schultz Emilien
Published: January 2016

Cet article introductif au numéro spécial revient sur l'origine et le développement de la sociologie des sciences. Il explique notamment les raisons pour lesquelles les sociologues s'intéressent aux rapports science-société. L'article détaille quelques-uns des principaux chantiers étudiés des années quatre-vingt à nos jours : les laboratoires de recherche, les disciplines et spécialités scientifiques, les controverses scientifiques et sociotechniques. Une attention particulière est accordée à trois chantiers récents : le financement de la recherche, les nouvelles formes d'expertise, les transformations de l'internationalisation de la recherche scientifique.
Statut juridique de l’enfant issu d’une GPA à l’étranger : Une avancée jurisprudentielle en demi-teinte
Authors: Lengrand Claire , Escuillié Camille
Published: January 2016

Par deux arrêts rendus le 3 juillet 2015, l’Assemblée plénière de la Cour de cassation a enfin infléchi sa jurisprudence sur la reconnaissance des familles issues d’une gestation pour autrui (GPA) réalisée légalement à l’étranger. Sous l’influence déterminante de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme qui a condamné la France à ce sujet en juin 2014, la formation judiciaire solennelle a admis la transcription de l’acte de naissance d’enfants nés par GPA, à tout le moins en ce qui concerne la filiation du père d’intention disposant d’un lien biologique avec le ou les enfants concernés. Mais aussi retentissants soient-ils, ces arrêts de la Cour de cassation laissent entières nombre de difficultés, tel le sort des parents d’intention sociaux qui ne disposent d’aucun lien biologique avec les enfants. Dès lors, l’enjeu délicat de la GPA n’a pas fini de rebondir dans les prétoires français et européens, comme le révèlent déjà plusieurs décisions rendues par les juridictions du fond ces dernières semaines.
Social Media and Emergency Services?
Authors: Reuter Christian , Ludwig Thomas , Friberg Therese , Pratzler-Wanczura Sylvia , Gizikis Alexis
Published: January 2016

Social media is much just used for private as well as business purposes, obviously, also during emergencies. Emergency services are often confronted with the amount of information from social media and might consider using them – or not using them. This article highlights the perception of emergency services on social media during emergencies. Within their European research project EMERGENT, the authors therefore conducted an interview study with emergency service staff (N=11) from seven European countries and eight different cities. Their results highlight the current and potential use of social media, the emergency service's participation in research on social media as well as current challenges, benefits and future plans.
Policy Transfer and Bureaucratic Politics
Authors: Tambulasi Richard I. C.
Published: January 2016

The paper argues that the implementation of health sector reforms modelled on private sector based modularity approaches is mediated by country specific contextual factors. One of such factors is bureaucratic politics. To this end, paper advances that bureaucratic politics have a role to play in the effective implementation of reforms advocated within the international transfer of private sector-based health sector management models. Although, politicians are ultimately the decision makers in terms of which reforms are politically viable, bureaucrats have an input in the process and their behaviours can affect reform implementation. This is true even in the context of coercive transfer to developing countries. Using the case of Malawi’s hospital autonomy reforms, the paper demonstrates that although the failure of hospital autonomy in Malawi has been attributed to political undesirability, bureaucratic politics has also played a pivotal role which cannot be ignored.
Electromagnetic Evaluation of Multifunctional Composites for Use in Radar Absorbing Structures
Authors: de Castro Folgueras Luiza , Alves Mauro Angelo , Rezende Mirabel C.
Published: January 2016

The knowledge of how to process composite materials and combine them with radiation absorbing centers, using different components, additives and polymer matrices with suitable electromagnetic properties (dielectric constant and tangent loss), allows the production of multifunctional composites that can function as conductors or microwave absorbing materials. Thus, the purpose of this study was to process and evaluate the electromagnetic properties of multilayered multifunctional composites made with layers of glass fiber cloths or nonwoven glass fiber veils pre-impregnated with formulations based on carbon black. Electromagnetic properties of the multifunctional composites were evaluated by measuring the reflection of microwave radiation using the waveguide technique in the X-band (8.2 to 12.4 GHz). The results show that the multifunctional composites absorbed 90% to 99% of the energy of the incident microwave radiation. The high attenuation of the incident microwave radiation combined with their small thickness indicate that these multifunctional composites could be used in a number of military and civilian applications.
Mechanical Behavior of Surface Nitrided and Heat-Treated Laser Welded Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Simoni Helio Rubens , Abdalla Antonio Jorge , Baptista Carlos Antonio Reis Pereira , de Lima Milton Sergio Fernandes
Published: January 2016

The welding of the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V has been reported to be difficult because of the intrinsic reactivity with oxygen and also because the weld usually produces an unbalanced α/β structure. This contribution deals with a heat treatment of the laser welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy in a CVD nitriding chamber. The heat treatment aims to obtain a fusion zone structure similar to the base material. An additional advantage of the method is creating a hard nitride layer at the surfaces of the piece, increasing the hardness. The CVD treatment at 850°C per 2 hours proved to be efficient to transform the as-welded martensitic structure to a biphase α/β diffusion controlled structure. Although the fusion zone was soft after the treatment (330 HV), the surface is hard attaining about 750 HV. The tensile strength and ductility after welding were very similar to the base material. However, the yield strength decreased from 1030 MPa to 880 MPa and the uniform strain was reduced from 8 to 1% after the CVD treatment. The fatigue behavior was quite different depending on the testing conditions. For the rotating bending condition, the higher fatigue limits, around 400 MPa, were observed for the CVD-treated weld coupon. However, the fatigue behavior in uniaxial conditions was very similar to the as-welded condition and the CVD-treated weld, attaining the fatigue limits at 250 MPa.
Structural Behavior of Composite Laminates Subjected to Interlaminar Damage Induced by Thermal Fatigue
Authors: Treml A.E. , Gouvêa R.F. , Sales R.C.M. , Donadon M.V. , Bressan José Divo
Published: January 2016

An experimental and numerical study on interlaminar thermal fatigue induced delamination in unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced laminate is presented in this work. The studied material consists of a unidirectional prepreg carbon fiber/epoxy (AS4/8552), which has the anti-symmetrical [902/02]T X-ply lay-up. A Teflon® film insert was introduced into the material between the third and fourth outer layers to simulate pre-existing crack. The samples were tested under thermal cycle condition within a temperature range of 130°C and -70°C. The curvature variation with the number of cycles was measured during the tests and presented along with the crack growth rate or delamination rate (da/dN) as a function of energy release rate amplitude (), which is the arithmetic difference between GH and GL that occur at lowest and highest temperatures respectively. The experimental results were compared with numerical results obtained using ABAQUS Finite Element code. A good correlation in terms of crack growth rate (da/dN) as a function of the energy release rate range () was obtained between experimental and numerical results. Furthermore, the results show that the experimental curvature decrease with increasing number of cycles, and its behavior varies with the range of thermal load imposed on the specimen.
Modelling of Forming Limit Strains of AA5083 Aluminium Sheets at Room and High Temperatures
Authors: Bressan José Divo , Moreira Luciano Pessanha , dos Santos Freitas Maria Carolina , Bruschi Stefania , Ghiotti Andrea , Michieletto Francesco
Published: January 2016

Present work analyses mathematical modelling to predict the onset of localized necking and rupture by shear in industrial processes of sheet metal forming of aluminium alloy 5083 such as biaxial stretching and deep drawing. Whereas the AA5083 sheet formability at room temperature is moderate, it increases significantly at high temperature. The Forming Limit Curve, FLC, which is an essential material parameter necessary to numerical simulations by FEM, of AA 5083 sheet was assessed experimentally by tensile and Nakajima testing performed at room and 400°C temperatures. Tensile test specimens at 0o, 45o and 90o to the direction of rolling (RD) and Nakazima type specimens at 0o RD of aluminium AA5083 were fabricated. Simple tensile tests at room and 400°C temperatures were performed to obtain the coefficients of plastic anisotropy and material strain and strain rate hardening behavior at different temperatures. Nakazima biaxial tests at room and high temperature, employing spherical punch were carried out to plot the limit strains in the negative and positive quadrant of the Map of Principal Surface Limit Strains, MPLS, of aluminium AA5083 sheet. The “Forming Map of Principal Surface Limit Strains”, MPLS, shows the experimental FLC which is the plot of principal true strains in the sheet metal surface (ε1,ε2), occurring at critical points obtained in laboratory formability tests or in the fabrication process of parts. Two types of undesirable rupture mechanisms can occur in sheet metal forming products: localized necking and rupture by induced shear stress. Therefore, two kinds of limit strain curves can be plotted in the forming map: the local necking limit curve FLC-N and the shear stress rupture limit curve FLC-S. Localized necking is theoretically anticipated to occur by two mathematical models: Marciniak-Kuczynski modelling, hereafter M-K approach, and D-Bressan modeling. Prediction of limit strains are presented and compared with the experimental FLC. The shear stress rupture criterion modeling by Bressan and Williams and M-K models are employed to predict the forming limit strain curves of AA5083 aluminium sheet at room and 400°C temperatures. As a result of analysis, a new concept of ductile rupture by shear stress and local necking are proposed. M-K model has good agreement with both D-Bressan models.
Study on Effect of Viscoelastic Properties on Surface Roughness Uniformity in Abrasive Flow Machining for Plate Surface
Authors: Wang Xuan Ping , Fu You Zhi , Gao Hang
Published: January 2016

Abrasive flow machining is a suitable technique for surface polishing due to its rheological characteristics, however, it's difficult to achieve uniform roughness for polished surfaces as the material removal mechanism is still ambiguous. In this paper the viscoelastic properties of abrasive flow media are incorporated to explore the phenomena of inconsistent material removal in the AFM polishing process, where the material removal near the edges is obviously higher than that in the middle along the flow direction. The rheological parameters of the viscoelastic constitutive model adopted are varied to study the polishing effectiveness under different process conditions. The results of numerical analysis reveal that there exist distinct differences of viscoelastic stress fields between the edges and the middle regions, which leads to the material removal near the edges is higher than that in the middle. It could be concluded that the viscoelastic properties of abrasive media play the dominant role for the inconsistent material removal in abrasive flow machining process.
Grinding Behavior of Yttrium Partially Stabilized Zirconia Using Diamond Grinding Wheel
Authors: Anand P. Suya Prem , Arunachalam N. , Vijayaraghavan L.
Published: January 2016

In recent development of dental restoration, zirconia has been used as a prosthetic material due to their enhanced properties of fracture strength and toughness compared to other ceramic materials. Zirconia based ceramic materials are used in structural application in engineering, such as in the manufacture of cutting tools, gas sensors, refractories. Grinding was used as the efficient technique to finish ceramic materials. Due to the hard and brittle nature of a ceramic material, the grounded components were left with surface and subsurface damages. In this paper, the influence of the grinding parameters on the grindability of yttrium partially stabilized zirconia was carried out using a diamond grinding wheel. The resin bonded grinding wheel was used to analyze the grinding behavior of the material. The grinding force and surface roughness were measured during the grinding process and the experiments were conducted under conventional flooded conditions. The relationship between the surface finish and grinding parameters such as depth of cut, wheel speed were analyzed.
Experiment and Finite Element Analysis Research on Surface Roughness in Micro-Grinding H62
Authors: Wen Xue Long , Gong Ya Dong , Sun Yao , Cheng Jun , Ba De Chun
Published: January 2016

Micro-grinding is an important processing method in micro-manufacturing field. The influence factors of surface quality in micro-grinding are discussed in the article. The models of finite element analysis (FEA) in micro-grinding H62 with electroplated CBN micro-grinding tool were established. The influence of different grinding factors on the surface quality of the work-piece was discussed by FEA. Different grains sizes were considered to reveal the influence rules on surface roughness in grinding experiments. The results show that the surface roughness decreases with the decreasing of the feed speed and the increasing of the grinding speed. A better surface quality can be achieved with smaller grains sizes. The minimum surface roughness can reach 481nm in side grinding H62.
Face Turning of Cobalt-Free Tungsten Carbide Using Nano-Polycrystalline Diamond Tool
Authors: Yui Akinori , Kitajima Takayuki , Yoshitomi Kenichiro
Published: January 2016

The use of hard and brittle materials for manufacturing optical parts, such as dies and molds are required in order to extend mold life. Although, cobalt-free tungsten carbide is one of the hardest materials, micro-cutting is very difficult due to its hardness and its brittleness. This paper investigates face turning of cobalt-free tungsten carbide using a nanopolycrystalline diamond [NPD] tool and Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZnDTP) fluid. Surface roughness of the cobalt-free tungsten carbide achieved was 22nmRz, which is far larger than the theoretical value. That is, traditional cutting theory does not directly apply for face turning of cobalt-free tungsten carbide using NPD tool and ZnDTP fluid.
Study on High Speed Milling of Steam Turbine Blade Materials
Authors: Kimura Tomonori , Sawa Takekazu , Kamijyo Tatsuyuki
Published: January 2016

A titanium alloy and stainless steel is an excellent material having properties such as high intensity and high corrosion resistance. Therefore, a titanium alloy and a stainless steel are used as material of steam turbine blade. However, the machining efficiency of a titanium alloy and a stainless steel is a low because of difficult-to-cut materials. Especially, it is a major problem that the cutting point temperature is high and the tool life is short. In the conventional study, it is reported that the cutting point temperature is low and the tool life becomes long by cutting at the suitable cutting speed corresponding to material characteristics. This concept is known as high speed milling. In recent years, the high speed milling is actually used for the metal mold machining.
In this study, the high speed milling of the titanium alloy and the stainless steel was tried for the purpose of high efficiency cutting of a steam turbine blade. In the experiment, the cutting tool used the TiAlN coating radius solid end mill made of micro grain cemented carbide. The diameter of endmill is 5mm. The corner radius is 0.2mm. And, the work piece is the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V and stainless steel 13Cr. The cutting speed carried out at 100m/min~600m/min. As the result, when the tool life and the surface roughness was a valuation basis, the optimum cutting speed of titanium alloy was 300m/min. On the other hand, In the case of the stainless steel, the flank wear becomes large in proportion to cutting speed. The feature of high speed milling was not able to be confirmed in the range of this experimental condition.