bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Ocean's Global 39Ar Distribution Estimated With an Ocean Circulation Inverse Model
Authors: Holzer Mark , DeVries Timothy , Smethie William
Published: June 2019

39Ar with its 269‐year half‐life has great potential for constraining ocean ventilation and transport. Here we estimate the distribution of 39Ar using a steady ocean circulation inverse model. Our estimates match available 39Ar measurements to within an absolute error of ∼9% modern argon without major biases. We find that 39Ar traces out the world ocean's ventilation pathways and that the 39Ar age ΓAr and the ideal mean age have broadly similar large‐scale patterns. At the surface, 39Ar is close to saturated except at high latitudes. Undersaturation imparts a finite 39Ar age to surface waters relative to the atmosphere, with peak values exceeding 100 years in Antarctic waters. This reservoir age is propagated into the interior with Antarctic Bottom Water, elevating ΓAr by ∼50 years in the deep Pacific and Indian oceans. Our estimates identify the large‐scale gradients and uncertainty patterns of 39Ar, thus providing guidance for future measurements.
Structural insights into substrate recognition by the SOCS2 E3 ubiquitin ligase
Authors: Kung Wei-Wei , Ramachandran Sarath , Makukhin Nikolai , Bruno Elvira , Ciulli Alessio
Published: June 2019

The suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) acts as substrate recognition subunit of a Cullin5 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. SOCS2 binds to phosphotyrosine-modified epitopes as degrons for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, yet the molecular basis of substrate recognition has remained elusive. Here, we report co-crystal structures of SOCS2-ElonginB-ElonginC in complex with phosphorylated peptides from substrates growth hormone receptor (GHR-pY595) and erythropoietin receptor (EpoR-pY426) at 1.98 Å and 2.69 Å, respectively. Both peptides bind in an extended conformation recapitulating the canonical SH2 domain-pY pose, but capture different conformations of the EF loop via specific hydrophobic interactions. The flexible BG loop is fully defined in the electron density, and does not contact the substrate degron directly. Cancer-associated SNPs located around the pY pocket weaken substrate-binding affinity in biophysical assays. Our findings reveal insights into substrate recognition and specificity by SOCS2, and provide a blueprint for small molecule ligand design.
Contractile dysfunction and nitrergic dysregulation in small intestine of a primate model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Coletto Erika , Dolan John S. , Pritchard Sara , Gant Alex , Hikima Atsuko , Jackson Michael J. , Benham Christopher D. , Chaudhuri K. Ray , Rose Sarah , Jenner Peter , Iravani Mahmoud M.
Published: June 2019

Bowel dysfunction is a common non-motor symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The main contractile neurotransmitter in the GI tract is acetylcholine (ACh), while nitric oxide (NO) causes the relaxation of smooth muscle in addition to modulating ACh release. The aim of this study was to characterise functional and neurochemical changes in the isolated ileum of the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated marmoset, an established model of PD motor dysfunction. While NO-synthase inhibitor L-NAME concentration dependently augmented the neurogenically-evoked contractions and inhibited the relaxations in normal tissues, it had no effects on the MPTP ileum. Immunohistochemical analyses of the myenteric plexus showed that ChAT-immunoreactivity (-ir) was significantly reduced and the density of the enteric glial cells as shown by SOX-10-ir was increased. However, no change in TH-, 5-HT-, VIP- or nNOS-ir was observed in the MPTP tissues. The enhancement of the neurogenically-evoked contractions and the inhibition of the relaxation phase by L-NAME in the control tissues is in line with NO’s direct relaxing effect on smooth muscle and its indirect inhibitory effect on ACh release. The absence of the relaxation and the inefficacy of L-NAME in the MPTP tissues suggests that central dopaminergic loss dopamine may eventually lead to the impairment of NO signal coupling that affects bowel function, and this may be the result of a complex dysregulation at the level of the neuroeffector junction.
Two intracellular and cell type-specific bacterial symbionts in the placozoan Trichoplax H2
Authors: Gruber-Vodicka Harald R. , Leisch Nikolaus , Kleiner Manuel , Hinzke Tjorven , Liebeke Manuel , McFall-Ngai Margaret , Hadfield Michael G. , Dubilier Nicole
Published: June 2019

Placozoa is an enigmatic phylum of simple, microscopic, marine metazoans1,2. Although intracellular bacteria have been found in all members of this phylum, almost nothing is known about their identity, location and interactions with their host3–6. We used metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing of single host individuals, plus metaproteomic and imaging analyses, to show that the placozoan Trichoplax sp. H2 lives in symbiosis with two intracellular bacteria. One symbiont forms an undescribed genus in the Midichloriaceae (Rickettsiales)7,8 and has a genomic repertoire similar to that of rickettsial parasites9,10, but does not seem to express key genes for energy parasitism. Correlative image analyses and three-dimensional electron tomography revealed that this symbiont resides in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of its host’s internal fibre cells. The second symbiont belongs to the Margulisbacteria, a phylum without cultured representatives and not known to form intracellular associations11–13. This symbiont lives in the ventral epithelial cells of Trichoplax, probably metabolizes algal lipids digested by its host and has the capacity to supplement the placozoan’s nutrition. Our study shows that one of the simplest animals has evolved highly specific and intimate associations with symbiotic, intracellular bacteria and highlights that symbioses can provide access to otherwise elusive microbial dark matter.
Phytoplankton blooms in Lake Winnipeg linked to selective water-gatekeeper connectivity
Authors: Ali Genevieve , English Carolyn
Published: June 2019

Lake Winnipeg was coined “Canada’s sickest lake” and “the most threatened lake in the World” due to its recurrent algal blooms caused by nutrient-rich water inputs. While conceptual frameworks link bloom occurrence to hydrologic connectivity, data-based validation is lacking. We analyzed 355 multi-year satellite-derived images to quantify phytoplankton biomass in Lake Winnipeg and the timing of runoff activation and hydrologic connectivity in the Lake Winnipeg Watershed. Our analyses reveal that the majority of watershed runoff-producing areas exhibit a strong coupling between runoff activation and hydrologic connectivity: they are proximal to rivers and become hydrologically connected to them multiple times a year. Conversely, a smaller number of runoff-producing areas are located further upslope and connect to rivers much less frequently. The latter act as water gatekeepers by selectively enabling the downstream transfer of runoff from headwater regions. Major blooms in Lake Winnipeg only occur when 50% of the water gatekeepers enable headwater-downstream connectivity during 31.5% (or more) of the spring-fall period. We conclude that an explicit assessment of the timing of runoff activation and hydrologic connectivity serves as a predictor of bloom occurrence and provides new information about the influence of a small number of locations on Lake Winnipeg.
Kaolin alleviates the toxicity of graphene oxide for mammalian cells
Authors: Rozhina Elvira , Batasheva Svetlana , Danilushkina Anna , Kryuchkova Marina , Gomzikova Marina , Cherednichenko Yuliya , Nigamatzyanova Läysän , Akhatova Farida , Fakhrullin Rawil
Published: June 2019

Toxicity of graphene oxide to cells reduced by almost 20% after its incubation with kaolin, most likely because of its adhesion to the platy clay nanoparticles, which was detected by atomic force microscopy.
Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of 1-tetralones to α-naphthols by continuous-flow technology
Authors: He Xu , Zheng Yi-Wen , Lei Tao , Liu Wen-Qiang , Chen Bin , Feng Ke , Tung Chen-Ho , Wu Li-Zhu
Published: June 2019

A photoredox platform for the dehydrogenation of 1-tetralones to α-naphthols is disclosed. Further improvement is achieved using the continuous-flow approach.
Uridine/UMP metabolism and their function on the gut in segregated early weaned piglets
Authors: Li Guanya , Xie Chunyan , Wang Qinhua , Wan Dan , Zhang Yan , Wu Xin , Yin Yulong
Published: June 2019

Uridine monophosphate (UMP) is a major nucleotide analogue in mammalian milk and uridine (UR) is its gastro-intestinal metabolitein vivo.
Descriptors of transition metal promoters on MoS2 nanocatalysts for hydrodesulfurization: binding energy of metal sulfides from first principles
Authors: Joo Paul H. , Yang Kesong
Published: June 2019

This work reports an effective descriptor for selecting appropriate transition-metal promoters for MoS2-based nanocatalysts for hydrodesulfurization.
Covalent chemical functionalization of semiconducting layered chalcogenide nanosheets
Authors: Li Duo O. , Gilliam Matthew S. , Chu Ximo S. , Yousaf Ahmed , Guo Yuqi , Green Alexander A. , Wang Qing Hua
Published: June 2019

The covalent functionalization of the surfaces of transition metal dichalcogenide and pnictogen chalcogenide materials is demonstrated using aryl diazonium chemistry.
Fully transparent, flexible and waterproof synapses with pattern recognition in organic environments
Authors: Wang Tian-Yu , Meng Jia-Lin , He Zhen-Yu , Chen Lin , Zhu Hao , Sun Qing-Qing , Ding Shi-Jin , Zhou Peng , Zhang David Wei
Published: June 2019

Artificial intelligence applications require bio-inspired neuromorphic systems that consist of electronic synapses (e-synapses) able to perform learning and memory functions.
A long life sodium–selenium cathode by encapsulating selenium into N-doped interconnected carbon aerogels
Authors: Deng Yurui , Gong Lunlun , Pan Yuelei , Cheng Xudong , Zhang Heping
Published: June 2019

Selenium cathodes have attracted a great deal of attention due to their much higher electronic conductivity compared to sulfur cathodes and similar volumetric capacity to them.
Mechanistic investigation-inspired activation mode of DBU and the function of the α-diazo group in the reaction of the α-amino ketone compound and EDA: [DBU-H]+-DMF-H2O and α-diazo as strong N-terminal nucleophiles
Authors: Zhu Lihan , Yuan Hai-Yan , Zhang Jingping
Published: June 2019

DFT calculations disclosed a dramatic electronic turnover of the α-diazo group based on an unexpected DBU activation mode.
Bioconjugation of enzyme with silica microparticles: a promising platform for α-amylase partitioning
Authors: Karimi Maryam , Abdolrahimi Shiva , Pazuki Gholamreza
Published: June 2019

Here, we report the implementation of α-amylase conjugated silica microparticles for improvement of α-amylase partitioning in a PEG–organic salt-based aqueous two phase system.
Pyrolysis-based separation mechanism for waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules by a two-stage heating treatment
Authors: Wang Ruixue , Song Erxiao , Zhang Chenglong , Zhuang Xuning , Ma En , Bai Jianfeng , Yuan Wenyi , Wang Jingwei
Published: June 2019

A two-stage heating treatment was conducted to separate the waste crystalline silicon solar panels. The TPT backing materials were recovered integrally by heating at 150 °C, and the EVA binder was removed at the temperature of 500 °C.
Scaling up of 3D printed and Ni/Al2O3coated reactors for CO2methanation
Authors: Danaci Simge , Protasova Lidia , Middelkoop Vesna , Ray Nachiketa , Jouve Michel , Bengaouer Alain , Marty Philippe
Published: June 2019

This study presents the innovative Ni/alumina coated structured metal supports manufactured by 3D-printing technique and their methane productivity comparison in two different experimental set-ups: a lab scale reactor and a mini-pilot scale reactor.
Experimental investigation on NOx and PM pollutions of a common-rail diesel engine fueled with diesel/gasoline/isopropanol blends
Authors: Zhang Peng , Su Xin , Chen Hao , Geng Limin , Zhao Xuan
Published: June 2019

NOx and PM emissions of a diesel engine are simultaneously reduced by diesel/gasoline/isopropanol blends at proper EGR ratio.
Monthly model of hot water consumption
Authors: Chmielewska Agnieszka
Published: June 2019

The article presents a statistical analysis of the monthly consumption of hot water in apartment buildings. On this basis, a monthly model of hot water consumption in multi-family buildings was proposed. This model consists of two sub models: model of average daily consumption of domestic hot water and a model describing changes in consumption of hot water in individual months of the year. To construct the model of average daily consumption of hot water, data on the consumption of hot water was used out of 16 multi-family buildings from the period of two years. The data was supplemented with information on the housing structure in the building. The study of changes in hot water consumption in the following months was based on data obtained from 30 buildings. Statistical analysis showed a strong correlation between the monthly consumption of hot water, the outside temperature and holiday period.
Study on optimal conditions of lemongrass extraction
Authors: Chutrtong Jaruwan , Kularbphettong Kunyanuth
Published: June 2019

This research was conducted to find the optimal conditions to extract active ingredients from lemongrass for using to inhibit microorganisms. The solvents selected for testing are safe chemicals such as water, ethanol and methanol. We also studied the ratio of the lemongrass and the extract solvent and extract time which make the most extraction. Using water as an extract solvent, whether it is heating or not, the extract cannot inhibit the microbes. While using ethanol and methanol as extract solvent, no heat, the extract showed effectiveness in microorganisms inhibition at lemongrass extract concentration 50 mg/ml. Ethanol and methanol used in the extraction has been evaporated to prevent ethanol from being microorganisms deterrent. Therefore, it can be concluded that water cannot used as solvent for extraction of microbial inhibitors from lemongrass. Ethanol and Methanol are suitable solutions because of the low price, safety and the method is not complicated.
Energy analysis of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles on the TEN-T road network
Authors: Gis Maciej , Bednarski Mateusz , Orliński Piotr
Published: June 2019

Electromobility is a European vision of future motorization. In Poland, there are plans to introduce a million vehicles of this type by 2030. Currently, their share is marginal (about 1 percent). This vision is to be made real. This is due to the fact that vehicle manufacturers are developing newer EV vehicle constructions. Increasing the number of electric vehicles requires the development of their charging infrastructure. Based on the work of the authors regarding the EV vehicle charging network on the Trans-European Transport Network road network, it was possible to extend this issue with energy calculations related to energy demand for supplying the EV vehicle charging network. This is an important topic from the point of view of the State’s energy needs. The calculations made in the article present the problem of the need to increase the production of electricity, which in the case of Poland is associated with increased emissions of harmful substances and the possibility of periodic interruptions in the supply of electricity. Due to excessive domestic consumption with too little production. The second issue is the need to supply electricity to the charging station (infrastructure), as well as transmission losses, which limit the possibility of building multi-station fast charging stations. The issue presented by the authors in this article is one of the key problems relating to the introduction of electromobility in Poland. The key is to determine how large the demand for electricity in the country will be if a greater number of electric vehicles is put into operation. Considering that there are power shortages during a hot summer, this may affect the possibility of using electric vehicles in the country.
Characteristics of water sludge from Cracow Water Treatment Plants – case study
Authors: Gmurkowska Renata
Published: June 2019

During water treatment a large amount of sludge is created – in the form of sewage and sediments. The largest amounts of sludge are produced during coagulation, ozonation and backwashing rapid filters. The quality and quantity of treated water, the type and dose of used coagulants are factors affecting the quantity, composition and properties of the sludge. Sludge produced during processing of drinking water is important problem and their quantity has been increasing. The study focuses on characteristics of water treatment sludge from four water treatment plants in Cracow. It includes theoretical and experimental part. The first part is based on analysis of literature and information obtained from MPWiK [3]. The second experimental part, concerns the analysis of dry matter, organic dry matter, capillary suction time and visual parameters: the color and consistency of the sludge. Result shows that every sludge contains organic matter. The highest concentrations of organic compounds and the largest diversity has been observed in the sludge collected in the Water Treatment Plant Raba, reaching even up to 70% of organic compounds in the dry mass of sludge.
The use of pulsed flushing to improve the efficiency of polymer floating media filters
Authors: Govorova Zhanna , Andrianov Alexey
Published: June 2019

Surface runoff from urban area is a potential source of pollution of water bodies. The composition of pollutants in surface runoff depends on various factors and seasons. The main pollutants are oil products, suspended solids, COD, chlorides and other mineral salts. Traditional wastewater treatment plants include the mechanical removal of large items, debris and leaves; sand removal; water clarification in accumulating settling tanks; chemical dosing, contact filtration and deep purification on sorption filters. Filters with inert floating polystyrene media of various types are widely used as first stage filters. The operation of industrial filters in the technological schemes of wastewater treatment strongly depends on the backwash efficiency. Floating media flushing is carried out in the direction from top to down using the water accumulated in the over-filter space. The article presents the results of the study of pulsed flushing on a model plant. Experimental study was conducted on the real wastewater treatment plant. The kinetics of suspended solids and oil products removal from filter media was studied. The operational parameters and mode of pulsed flushing were determined. The research results were used during the reconstruction of Moscow surface runoff water treatment plants.
Active torque distribution strategy for electric vehicle independent axle drive
Authors: Kopczyński Artur
Published: June 2019

Vehicles equipped with an electric independent axle drive have different properties compared to conventional vehicles. Distribution of driving or braking torque can be achieved by the proper control of the operation of electric machines without applying additional mechanisms. In this paper a method of active torque distribution between front and rear axles is presented. The method allows to use the maximum tyres adhesion and minimize slips. The results of simulation tests are presented, in which the active torque distribution with evenly torque distribution were compared.
Evaluation of different methods supporting swimming pool water disinfection in the aspect of removing organic micropollutants
Authors: Lempart Anna , Kudlek Edyta , Dudziak Mariusz
Published: June 2019

As a result of the intensive development of analytical techniques that allow to reduce the detection limits of tested compounds, the latest scientific research alerts the growing number of organic micro-pollutants identified in the swimming pool water environment. These compounds can both react with the disinfectant, causing the formation of highly toxic disinfection by-products or constitute a serious health risk to swimmers due to their biological activity. The aim of the research presented in this paper is to evaluate the modern methods supporting disinfection used in swimming pool systems, in the aspect of removing compounds from the group of organic microorganisms. The total content of organic matter in systems using UV radiation and ozonation was compared. The identification of organic micropollutants was also carried out. The presence of two phthalates in the tested pools has been documented. It has been shown that their concentration depends on the disinfection method used. Photocatalytic degradation of phthalates in the pool water system allowed to obtain over 35% removal rate, while the efficiency of ozonation in the most favourable case was just over 16%.
The impact of operating conditions on exhaust emissions from a two-wheeled urban vehicle
Authors: Lijewski Piotr , Szymlet Natalia , Rymaniak Łukasz , Sokolnicka Barbara , Domowicz Andrzej
Published: June 2019

The subject of the article is the exhaust emission analysis of harmful gases from an two-wheeled urban motor vehicle in real operating conditions. For this purpose, characteristics of ecological indicators of compounds such as hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were presented. The tests were carried out on a two-wheeled urban vehicle, equipped with an engine with a stroke volume of 49 cm3 and a maximum power of 2.5 kW. What's more, the operating parameters of a moped registered during the test were also analyzed. The measurements were performed in real operating conditions in the Poznań agglomeration. The designated route included streets in the city center, and the maximum permissible speed did not exceed 50 km/h. The AXION R/S+ mobile apparatus belonging to the PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement Systems) group was used for the research. The device is one of the most modern measuring instruments, enabling the measurement of concentrations and emissions of both gaseous and solid exhaust components. What is more, the obtained results of road emissions of harmful compounds were referred to the limit value of the exhaust emission norms, which the tested vehicle is expected to meet (Euro 3). The results indicated that the limit value for carbon monoxide was exceeded by 52%.
Reducing nitrogen oxide emissions in boilers at moistening of blowing air in heat recovery systems
Authors: Navrodska Raisa , Fialko Nataliia , Presich Georgii , Gnedash Georgii , Alioshko Sergii , Shevcuk Svitlana
Published: June 2019

Considered indicators of reducing harmful emissions into the environment by gas-fired water-heating and steam boilers of the municipal heat-power engineering, which are equipped with heat-recovery systems of boiler exhaust-gases. The results of studies on the relative decrease of emissions of nitrogen oxides and other harmful substances generated during fuel combustion in boilers when used for boilers complex heat-recovery plants for heating heat-network water and water for a chemical water-purification system of a boiler plant, as well as for heating and humidifying combustion air are presented. It is shown that the use of such complex heat-recovery systems, due to the useful heat of exhaust-gases from boilers, provides a reduction in fuel consumption and, consequently, the volumes of harmful emissions generated during its combustion, by 8–12%, depending on the mode of operation of boilers during the heating period. The efficiency of using combustion-air humidifying in these installations to decrease the level of formation of nitrogen oxides in the combustion area of boilers is considered. It is also shown that the use of these systems provides a decrease emissions of nitrogen oxides to the environment by up to 60% by reducing the combustion temperature in the combustion area at moisture introduction with the combustion air and, as a result, suppression of formation these oxides during fuel combustion in boilers. The substantiation of the accuracy of the obtained calculated values of the levels of relative decrease of emissions of nitrogen oxides with the moisture introduction into the boiler by comparing them with experimental data is given. Comparative of the results shows a good agreement between the calculated and experimental data.
Cross-building cooling-to-heating energy transfer
Authors: Niemierka Elżbieta , Jadwiszczak Piotr
Published: June 2019

Nowadays office buildings are faced with high and long-term cooling demand with grate heat recovery potential. In low heating demand office buildings not all of recoverable excess heat can be utilised, so it forces to search the consumers beyond the energetic boundary of office building. One of more promising way is supplying residential building by excess heat to meet the space heating and domestic hot water demands. Proposed cross-building cooling-to-heating energy flow allows transferring and utilizing excess heat from office building in residential as a useful heat. This solution creates the flexible and sustainable environment and meets the energy challenges of the future, in line with current energy trends and policy.
Fulvic acids generated in municipal waste landfills in Promnik
Authors: Orliński Tomasz , Anielak Anna M.
Published: June 2019

Landfill leachates are resistant to biodegradation, contain substances harmful to the environment, which is why they are troublesome in the water and sewage management. The study tested the leachate from the municipal waste landfill in Promnik, whose age of waste disposal is 33 years. The research consisted of extracting from average leachates (with a volume of 800 m3) fulvic acids resistant to biodegradation. The extraction of acids was carried out using a hydrophobic and hydrophilic ionite in a hydrogen form. The extracted fulvic acids (FAs) was subjected to qualitative analysis on the content of micro-pollutants and the content of elementary elements forming the structure of the FAs molecule, their infrared and UV-VIS spectra were examined. Then, a full analysis of the obtained values was carried out in order to determine the properties of the obtained extractant and demonstrate the convergence of its features with humus substances that are common in the environment, which are an important element of soils, affect their quality and participate in the transport of plant nutrients. It was demonstrated that the concentration of FAs in the effluent is 905.6 mg/l.
Analysis of flow resistance in bundles of power plant condensers
Authors: Rusowicz Artur , Kajurek Jakub , Baubekov Kuat
Published: June 2019

Shell-side pressure drop is a very important variable in the successful design of the condensers. The prediction of this pressure drop through the horizontal tube banks, with condensation, has long been a problem facing design engineers. Low pressure drop is a requirement in designing condensers for power plants. The paper presents a comparison of the various correlation to determine the pressure drop in the tube bundle. It is an important element for the verification of numerical simulations. Analysis of flow resistance for power plant condenser were made.
Energy saving in the formation of covered courtyards
Authors: Rymarov Andrey
Published: June 2019

In the city in the winter going outside the house you find yourself in a slippery and snowy weather with frosts and wind of different intensity. Forming covered with translucent roofs courtyards and streets can improve the quality of life of citizens. At the same time, in summer, at elevated outdoor temperatures, it is possible to create the required microclimate for people by blocking yards and streets and adding engineering systems that form the microclimate. Transport should be removed from such yards and streets, except for electric cars and bicycles, which will reduce the gas contamination and dust of these protected spaces. To form a year-round comfortable space for people in the covered yard, it is necessary to analyse the temperature regime. The most difficult is the thermal regime of the covered yard in the warm period of the year, when the heat flow from solar radiation in conjunction with the high temperatures of the outside air form the temperature of the indoor air in the covered yard. Thermal behaviour of the covered courtyard during the warmer period of the year considered in this article.
Investigations of the flow field inside a square cyclone separator using DPIV and CFD
Authors: Wasilewski Marek , Singh Brar Lakhbir
Published: June 2019

This study used CFD and DPIV to investigate the flow field inside a square cyclone. For CFD, turbulent flow was modelled using 3D RANS equations (with an RSM complementary model). The results of the analysis indicate that the flow inside a square cyclone has two constituents: an outer, free flow and an inner, forced flow in the centre, as with cyclones with the traditional structure. Furthermore, the results indicate that the corners of a square cyclone generate additional vortexes that cause pressure drop to increase (but may, at the same time, potentially improve separation efficiency). The two methods provided highly consistent results. DPIV may be a very good method for validating results obtained with CFD, including for the analysis of flow fields.
Seasonal changes in hydraulic flow conditions in overgrown lowland river
Authors: Wolski Krzysztof
Published: June 2019

The paper presents the results of numerical research on the impact of seasonal changes in vegetation on the hydraulic conditions prevailing in the bed of overgrowing lowland river on the example of Ślęza River (Poland). Hydrological characterization of the analyzed section of the river was made on the basis of data from the years 2006–2017 from the Ślęza water gauge. Based on them, the growing season and characteristic flows for modelling were determined. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model (2HD) was built in two scenarios corresponding to the beginning and the end of the vegetation period for an about 50 m long section of the river. The bathymetric data of the bed and the plant distribution were measured in the field for both scenarios. The models were calibrated using a coefficient of roughness based on the velocities and surface elevations measured directly in the field. Various characteristic flows were then tested on calibrated and verified models for both scenarios. Changes in hydraulic conditions in both scenarios were compared by means of velocities and shear stress occurring in the riverbed. The obtained results indicate a significant impact of plants on the hydraulic conditions in the riverbed. The existence of plants causes the accumulation of backwater and change of local velocity distributions while maintaining medium and maximum velocities in the riverbed.
Research and evaluation of water quality in outdoor swimming pools
Authors: Wyczarska-Kokot Joanna , Lempart Anna , Marciniak Marta
Published: June 2019

The article presents the assessment of the quality of water in outdoor pools, based on the results of bacteriological and physicochemical tests and their comparison with the admissible values in this respect. The analyzes were carried out during two bathing seasons, in 2017 and 2018. The quality of water from sports, recreational and children's pools was analyzed, as well as water introduced into the pools from the circulation systems. The decisive role in the assessment of pool water quality is played by the results of microbiological tests and the assessment of the sanitary condition of the facility. In pool water and circulatory water samples, the number of indicator microorganisms (CFU) did not exceed the limit values. The problem was the very high levels of chloroform (> 0.03 mg/L) and THM (> 0.1 mg/L), lower than the required redox values (750 mV) and nitrate content, increasing over the bathing season. Considering that the analyzed pools are seasonal and recreational outdoor pools, the observed excessive concentrations of DBP, with a short exposure, did not pose a direct threat to the health of bathers. However, they indicate the need to supervise the processes of water treatment and disinfection or their modernization.
The use of slotted – displacement ceiling diffuser in rooms with stationary workplaces with computer equipment
Authors: Zając Agnieszka
Published: June 2019

This paper presents a specification of premises with a stationary workstations. An analysis of thermal loads occurring in a public utility rooms equipped with a computer, electronic and multimedia equipment was carried out. Attention was drawn to an annual occurrence of a positive heat balances in an occupied workstations and heat losses in winter time in unoccupied premises. For an air distribution a slotted displacement ceiling diffuser was proposed, used for mixing ventilation (MV) in up-up type of air exchange in room. The results of measurements in the form of air flows in the area of its operation are provided. The graphs show the graphical distribution of air velocities and temperatures in the vertical plane passing through the transverse axis of the air diffuser. The study focused on one of the representative airflow of supply air and the behaviour of the air stream during heating and cooling was presented.
Seasonality analysis of water losses in a selected collective water supply system
Authors: Żywiec Jakub , Tchórzewska-Cieślak Barbara
Published: June 2019

The aim of the study is to analyse the seasonality of water losses from a collective water-supply system (CWSS) on the example of a provincial city located in south eastern Poland. The analysis was based on exploitation data obtained from the water-supply company for the period 2012–2016. For the analysis of seasonality a method based on average homogeneous sub-periods was used, with a relative seasonality index and the absolute levels of seasonal fluctuations being determined. Water losses from the analysed CWSS are also characterised using unit water-volume indicators within the water supply network. Over the research period, the volume of water produced and sold was found to decline, even as the number of inhabitants using the network increased. On the other hand, there is a growing demand for water used for own purposes by company, as related directly to their development. Water losses and values determined for the water-loss volume indicator both show a downward trend for the analysed CWSS. It is further observed that, in January, March and May, the loss of water is above average, while the volume of water lost in the other months is below average.
Lesión de Essex-Lopresti: Diagnóstico y Tratamiento
Authors: Lucas Fernando García de , Ruiz-Calero Guillermo F. García
Published: June 2019

Definición La lesión de Essex-Lopresti combina una fractura de la cabeza del radio, la rotura longitudinal de la membrana interósea y de los elementos estabilizadores de la articulación radiocubital distal, y funcionalmente equivale a una inestabilidad radiocubital longitudinal.

Diagnóstico Su baja incidencia y la sintomatología centrada alrededor de la fractura de cabeza de radio hace que, a menudo no se diagnostique en la fase aguda y acabe cronificándose. El diagnóstico requiere una evaluación clínica y pruebas de imagen de todo el antebrazo.

Tratamiento Las premisas en el tratamiento son restablecer la anatomía y restituir la biomecánica del antebrazo para lo que es imprescindible conservar o sustituir la cabeza del radio y favorecer la cicatrización de los elementos estabilizadores de la articulación radiocubital distal. A pesar de que puede haber menos consenso en cuanto a la capacidad de cicatrización y la reconstrucción de la membrana interósea, se obtienen mejores resultados clínicos cuando se lleva a cabo su reconstrucción. La utilización de una prótesis total de la articulación radiocubital distal combinada con la fijación interna o una prótesis de cabeza de radio simplifica el tratamiento y los resultados obtenidos hasta el momento son prometedores.
Improving simulations of liquid-liquid separation in models of supercooled water
Authors: Kim Meeri
Published: June 2019

Researchers report a simple and general thermodynamic criterion that allows for improved computational studies of interfaces in supercooled water and other systems.
Emergent functional behaviour of humic substances perceived as complex labile aggregates of small organic molecules and oligomers
Authors: Vialykh Elena A. , Salahub Dennis R. , Achari Gopal , Cook Robert L. , Langford Cooper H.
Published: June 2019

Environmental contextThe correlation of physicochemical characteristics of humic substances with their function is crucial to our understanding of how environmental pollutants interact with humic substances. We have developed an approach that models emergent functions of fulvic and humic acids depending on sample characteristics. The results will be useful for predicting the sequestration of organic contaminants in soil under various conditions. AbstractThe structural organisation of humic substances (HS) has been a central question of earth sciences for several decades. The latest experimental results have led to the recognition of HS as complex mixtures of small molecules and oligomers. We investigate the correlation between the chemical composition of HS, perceived as labile aggregates, and the emergent functions. Computational modelling was used to help to understand the processes and mechanisms on the molecular scale that occur in different fractions of the HS, fulvic acids (FA) and humic acids (HA), as they interact with metal ions and organic pollutants. The importance of non-covalent interactions in the emergent functions of HS is highlighted. H-bonding, hydrophilic/hydrophobic surface areas and π-stacking interactions play a significant role in aggregation processes as well as in the sorption of environmental pollutants. In a highly hydrophilic system with small molecules (the SRFA-22 model), H-bonding is the main force that drives the aggregation process. However, in a highly aromatic and hydrophobic model with larger molecular fragments (SRHA-6), hydrophobic and π-stacking interactions dominate in the aggregation process. The chemical properties of contaminants significantly affect their mechanisms of sorption by HS. The interaction of a polar pollutant, phenol, with HS occurs through H-bonding, whereas non-polar benzene interacts through hydrophobic and π-stacking interactions. The non-polar pollutant results in a much stronger sorption by HS and causes an additional structural rearrangement of the aggregates, which make it more stable in the environment.
The Mazandarani Dialect of Kalijān Rostāq
Authors: Borjian Habib
Published: June 2019

Located in the Caspian forest south of the capital city of Sāri in Mazandaran, the rural district of Kalijān Rostāq is home to a number of close-knit villages which share a local Mazandarani dialect. The vernacular offers some authentic features in phonology, morphology, and lexis that are otherwise lost in the urban variety spoken in Sāri due to contact with Persian. In an attempt to elucidate on the loosely-known aspects of the Mazandarani language, this study offers a sketch grammar of the dialect of Kalijān Rostāq with a view to typological features. The glossary that follows includes many Caspian cultural items that are already moribund in the language.
IU Cancri: a solar-type contact binary with mass transfer
Authors: Yuan Hui-Yu , Dai Hai-Feng , Yang Yuan-Gui
Published: June 2019

We present new CCD photometry of the solar-type contact binary IU Cnc, which was observed from November 2017 to March 2018 with three small telescopes in China. BV light curves imply that IU Cnc is a W-type contact binary with total eclipses. The photometric solution indicates that the mass ratio and fill-out factor are q = 4.104 ± 0.004 and f = 30.2% ± 0.3%, respectively. From all available light minimum times, the orbital period may increase at a rate of dP/dt = +6.93(4) × 10−7 d yr−1, which may result from mass transfer from the secondary component to the primary one. With mass transferring, IU Cnc may evolve from a contact configuration into a semi-detached configuration.
On the distributions of pulsar glitch sizes and the inter-glitch time intervals
Authors: Eya Innocent Okwudili , Urama Johnson Ozoemene , Chukwude Augustine Ejikeme
Published: June 2019

The glitch size, Δν/ν, inter-glitch time interval, ti
, and frequency of glitches in pulsars are key parameters in discussing glitch phenomena. In this paper, the glitch sizes and inter-glitch time intervals are statistically analyzed in a sample of 168 pulsars with a total of 483 glitches. The glitches are broadly divided into two groups. Those with Δν/ν < 10−7 are regarded as small size glitches, while those with Δν/ν ≥ 10−7 are considered as relatively large size glitches. In the ensemble of glitches, the distribution of Δν/ν is seen to be bimodal as usual. The distribution of inter-glitch time intervals is unimodal and the inter-glitch time intervals between small and large size glitches are not significantly different from each other. This observation shows that inter-glitch time intervals are size independent. In addition, the distribution of the ratio Δν/ν : ti
in both small and large size glitches has the same pattern. This observation suggests that a parameter which depends on time, which could be the spin-down rate of a pulsar, plays a similar role in the processes that regulate both small and large size glitches. Equally, this could be an indication that a single physical mechanism, which could produce varying glitch sizes at similar time-intervals, could be responsible for both classes of glitch sizes.
Parameter Estimation in Mathematical Modelling for Photovoltaic Panel
Authors: Md Sabudin Siti Nurashiken , Jamil Norazaliza Mohd
Published: June 2019

The demand for solar photovoltaic (PV) system is growing rapidly driven by new technology and strong economies of scale. PV systems directly convert solar energy into electricity without release any pollution into the environment and deplete natural resources. PV technology has matured and its reliability keeps improving. However, PV system is more expensive to produce than conventional sources of energy due in part to the cost of manufacturing PV devices and in part to the conversion efficiencies of the equipment. Besides, important attention in designing, developing and installing the PV systems is time-consuming. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model to predict the PV systems behaviour and performance by considering the plausible factors. The factors accept in this model are solar irradiance and manufacturers’ information for the type of PV panel. A case study at the eastern part of Peninsular Malaysia was conducted to examine the effect of factors on the performance of PV. Through the comparative analysis, the results have a good agreement.
Evaluation of Heavy Paraffin Solvent Injection in Langgak Oil Field
Authors: Ardiansyah Fazli , Erfando Tomi , Noerhadi  , Efriza Ivan , Rahmatan Bardan , Oktavia Clara
Published: June 2019

LGK 14 and LGK 25 wells are oil production wells with high paraffin levels. The presence of paraffin around well perforation causes many problems. One of which is a decrease in the rate of production. It solved with rig less workover / well service (WO/WS) is an injection of heavy paraffin solvent. LGK 14 well uses sucker rod pump and LGK 25 uses an electrical submersible pump. Main steps in LGK 14 are injecting heavy parasol, soaking, displacing and producing. The other wells have differences where before the heavy parasol injecting, pump washed first. The challenges are high static bottom hole pressure (SBHP) and fluid reactions. The results show for LGK 14 well decreased oil rate from 25 BOPD to 21.77 BOPD after the heavy parasol injection. LGK 25 well increased the production rate from 21 BOPD to 29.99 BOPD.
Microring Circulator Embedded Plasmonic Island for Multi-probe Bio-cell Sensors
Authors: Pornsuwanchaoren N. , Youplao P. , Chaiwong K. , Amiri I.S. , Ali J. , Yupapin P.
Published: June 2019

Three different wavelength light sources are coupled to microring circulator via modified add-drop multiplexers, from which the multiplexed signals of them can be formed at the plasmonic islands and used as the distributed sensor nodes. The change in the wavelength due to the external environment will affect the refractive index of the sensing material and hence shift in each wavelength will be seen. Measurements are recorded as the shift in a spectrum (Δλ) by changing the input power and a relationship is obtained between the change in input power and shift in the output spectrum for 1.10, 1.30 and 1.55 μm wavelengths. This is the micro-scale device that can be used for bio-cell content distributed sensors, in which the three different aspects of sensor mechanism can be employed.
Behavior of Phosphate Inhibitor on Pitting Corrosion Resistance of Cr-Mo Steel
Authors: Hastuty Sri , Awwaluddin Muhammad
Published: June 2019

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) and disodium phosphate (DSP) inhibitors are widely used in industrial area, for example in boiler and condenser system. Their primary uses as scaling inhibitor through anodic and cathodic reaction. Therefore, concentration of TSP and DSP is a dominant factor to intended service; it could be advantage if the concentration is proportional, or on the contrary, destructive if the concentration is not proportional because it will drive localized corrosion on tube boiler made from Cr-Mo steel. In this research, type of localized corrosion will be focused on pitting corrosion. To gain maximum protection effect of TSP and DSP inhibitors, which is also for controlling corrosion as destructive process, optimum concentration of inhibitor was determined. To investigate the effect of concentration variation of TSP and DSP on pitting resistance Cr-Mo steel and optimum concentration of TSP and DSP as inhibitor, pitting corrosion tendency by using cyclic polarization was measured. The result was TSP and DSP retarded pitting corrosion by adsorbed on Cr-Mo steel surface. It was also found that inhibitor optimum concentration range is between 20.000 ppm TSP + 1.000 ppm DSP. 100.000 ppm TSP + 1.000 ppm DSP (10%V), which pH optimum range is between 11 to 12.
The Volume of the Product of Backward Water Splash Based on Submerged Blade Depth of Paddlewheel Aerator
Authors: Bahri Samsul , Jufriadi  , Hamdani  , Anwar
Published: June 2019

The paddlewheel is a common used aeration equipment. In term of aeration mechanism and driving force, it is very good to be used. However, the paddlewheel has a slow aeration rate resulting in low aeration efficiency. One of the causes is the splash of the backward water of the paddlewheel that is already aerated, but it is splashed again so it wastes the power. The aim of this study was to determine the volume of the backward water splash production. The paddlewheel used a 1 phase motor, 1 hp power, 1400 rpm motor speed, and 2 pieces of wheels. The treatment was carried out by varying the blade of 65,85, and 105mm submerged. The test was done by collecting the backward water splash and calculating its volume. The results showed that the volume per hour of backward water splash at the blade submerged in the 65, 85, and 105mm were 10.68, 13.74, and 15.27 m3, respectively. The average of forward splash volume of water was 58.04%, while the backward was 41.96%. The results of this study indicated that the volume of backward water splash is very significant to be utilized.