bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Auricular vagus nerve stimulation enhances central serotonergic function and inhibits diabetic neuropathy development in Zucker fatty rats
Authors: Li Shaoyuan , Sun Chunli , Rong Peijing , Zhai Xu , Zhang Jinling , Baker Max , Wang Shuxing
Published: June 2018

Painful neuropathy is a frequent comorbidity in diabetes. Zucker diabetic fatty (fa/fa) rats develop type 2 diabetes spontaneously with aging and show nociceptive hypersensitivity at the age of 13 weeks. In preclinical and clinical studies, the treatment of diabetic neuropathy is challenging, but complementary medicine such as transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) appears beneficial to the relief of neuropathic pain. However, the mechanism behind the effectiveness of taVNS remains unclear. In this study, we show that daily 30-min taVNS (2/15 Hz, 2 mA) for consecutive 27 days effectively inhibited the development of nociceptive hypersensitivity in Zucker diabetic fatty rats as detected by thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in hindpaw. We also demonstrated that this beneficial effect in nociceptive behavior is related to an elevated serotonin (5-HT) plasma concentration and an upregulated expression of 5-HT receptor type 1A (5-HT1AR) in hypothalamus. We conclude that daily 30-min taVNS sessions lessen diabetic neuropathy development by enhancing serotonergic function in genetically diabetes prone individuals.

Perspective

This article presents taVNS as a new approach to inhibit the development of diabetic neuropathy in genetically prone individuals. This approach could potentially help clinicians who seek to avoid the complication of neuropathic pain in diabetic patient or to relieve the pain if there was one.
Development and validation of a new patient-reported outcome measure for peripheral nerve disorders of the hand, the I-HaND© Scale
Authors: Ashwood Mark , Jerosch-Herold Christina , Shepstone Lee
Published: June 2018

Following guidelines from the Patient-Centred Outcomes Research Institute and using a mixed methods study, a new patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for both nerve trauma and compression affecting the hand, the Impact of a Hand Nerve Disorders (I-HaND) Scale, was developed. Face-to-face interviews with 14 patients and subsequent pilot-testing with 61 patients resulted in the development of the 32-item PROM. A longitudinal validation study with 82 patients assessed the psychometric properties of the I-HaND. Content and construct validity was confirmed by cognitive interviews with patients and through principal component analysis. The I-HaND has high internal consistency (α = 0.98) and excellent test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.97). Responsiveness statistics showed that the I-HaND can detect change over 3 months and discriminate between improvers and non-improvers. We conclude that the I-HaND can be used as a PROM for people with a range of hand nerve disorders.
Acute uncomplicated cystitis: is antibiotic unavoidable?
Authors: Kulchavenya Ekaterina
Published: June 2018

Background:

Acute uncomplicated cystitis in women is one of the most frequently diagnosed bacterial infections.

Methods:

In a pilot, open, noncomparative prospective study, 29 nonpregnant, sexually active women with acute uncomplicated cystitis were enrolled. The mean age was 28.9 ± 4.3, range 22–36 years. All patients received unique therapy: the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ketoprofen, 100 mg once a day for 5 days, and Canephron, 2 dragees three times a day for 1 month.

Results:

In 2 days, four patients (13.8%) had no tendency to improvement; they were considered as nonresponders and antibiotics were prescribed for them. The remaining 25 patients (86.2%) showed significant improvement and were considered as responders; they continued the therapy with ketoprofen and Canephron. In 7 days, 21 patients (72.4%) had no dysuria and leucocyturia; they were considered as fast responders to phytotherapy. In four patients (13.8%), after 7 days of therapy insignificant dysuria and leucocyturia were found; they were considered as slow responders to phytotherapy. All 25 patients continued the intake of Canephron for 1 month to prevent a relapse. When treatment finished, all patients were well. In 6 months, no relapses were diagnosed.

Conclusion:

The majority (86.2%) of young, nonpregnant women with acute uncomplicated cystitis were cured by 30 days of phytotherapy combined initially (5 days) with the NSAID ketoprofen; an antibiotic was indicated in only 13.8% of patients. Patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis may be divided into three subgroup: nonresponders to phytotherapy; slow responders to phytotherapy; fast responders to phytotherapy. Antibiotic therapy is indicated in nonresponders, but slow and fast responders may be treated without an antibiotic, by phytotherapy with an initial short course of an NSAID only.
Functional and Patient-Reported Outcomes Improve Over the Course of Rehabilitation: A Secondary Analysis of the ACL-SPORTS Trial
Authors: Arundale Amelia J.H. , Capin Jacob J. , Zarzycki Ryan , Smith Angela , Snyder-Mackler Lynn
Published: June 2018

Background:

The Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Specialized Post-Operative Return to Sports (ACL-SPORTS) randomized controlled trial was designed to address deficits in functional and patient-reported outcomes. The trial examined the effects of a secondary ACL prevention program that included progressive strengthening, agility training, plyometrics (SAP), and other components of current primary prevention protocols, with perturbation training (SAP + PERT group) and without PERT (SAP group). A secondary purpose of this study was to examine whether study outcomes differed between men and women.

Hypotheses:

(1) Athletes in both the SAP and SAP + PERT groups will have improved knee function and patient-reported outcome measures from pre- to posttraining, (2) the SAP + PERT group would have higher outcome scores than the SAP group, and (3) outcomes will differ by sex.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial (NCT01773317).

Level of Evidence:

Level 2.

Methods:

A total of 79 athletes (39 women) were randomized into the SAP and SAP + PERT groups. All athletes had undergone primary ACL reconstruction and achieved 80% quadriceps strength limb symmetry (QI), full range of motion, had minimal effusion, and had no pain. Additionally, all had begun running again. Prior to and after the training program, athletes’ QI, hopping, and patient-reported outcomes were assessed. Repeated-measures analyses of variance were used to determine whether there were differences between groups. Subsequently, the SAP and SAP + PERT groups were collapsed to analyze differences between sexes.

Results:

There were significant increases for all variables, with the exception of QI. There were no differences between the SAP and SAP + PERT groups. Both men and women made significant improvements in all knee function and patient-reported outcome measures except QI. Men made significant improvements in QI, whereas women did not.

Conclusion:

The common elements of the training program that all athletes received (10 sessions of progressive strengthening, agility training, plyometrics, and secondary prevention) may be a beneficial addition to the return-to-sport phase of ACL reconstruction rehabilitation. The results suggest that women may require further quadriceps strengthening to maintain and improve QI, an important focus given the relationship between QI and risk for reinjury.

Clinical Relevance:

During the return-to-sport phase of ACL reconstruction rehabilitation, clinicians tend to shift their focus away from strengthening toward more advanced sports-related tasks. These results indicate that women in particular need continued focus on quadriceps strengthening.
Two-way street: How smartphones and the social web impact the traveller’s liminal gaze
Authors: Duffy Andrew
Published: June 2018

Travellers have long inhabited a liminal position between home and away. Now they also have a bridging foot in cyberspace, as Internet-enabled smartphones mediate their travel experience. Social-web-assisted mobility means that gazing down at a smartphone screen can either enhance or hamper a traveller’s movement through a destination and their interaction with place and its inhabitants, either distancing them from local people or offering new means to connect with hosts and enhance the travel experience. An Internet-linked smartphone is like a portal through which the traveller can gaze into different directions. Further, it is not just a question of which direction they choose; the choice will impact on the gazer and the performance of the gaze, potentially compromising attempts to view a place through independent eyes as the traveller’s imaginings of the foreign sphere are influenced by the social web. This paper reviews the literature on how travellers use the Internet before, during, and after a trip, and suggests the concept of the liminal gaze—in which an individual chooses between different directions to look at and different spheres to focus on—as a tool to examine smartphone-mediated interaction between people, and between people and place.
Hurt on the Hill: A Longitudinal Analysis of Obstacle Course Racing Injuries
Authors: Rabb Haddon , Coleby Jillian
Published: June 2018

Background:

Obstacle course racing (OCR) has become a popular sport in recent years as it challenges participants’ mental and physical endurance through a combination of trail running and obstacles. There is currently only a limited amount of published work reporting injury types or rates at these events.

Purpose:

This study aims to build on the current literature, analyzing injury rates and patterns at OCR events.

Methods:

A secondary data analysis of deidentified medical charts from 33 OCR events in Canada from 2015 to 2017 was conducted. The scope of on-site care was first aid.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Results:

A total of 1782 injuries occurred over 3 seasons from 73,366 participants, with an overall average injury rate of 2.4%; 1.0% (n = 17) of injuries required emergency medical services transport to a local emergency department, and the majority of these injuries were musculoskeletal in nature. The most common injuries treated were lacerations and musculoskeletal-related injuries; 93.9% of the injuries were able to be treated on site. These findings, in conjunction with the published literature, suggest that OCR medical teams should anticipate injury rates of up to 5.0% and a transportation rate of approximately 4.5% of those injuries to local emergency departments.

Conclusion:

The injury and transportation rates found in this study are congruent with the current literature and, most notably, they demonstrated a stable trend across a variety of course lengths (5-42 km ) and numbers of obstacles (≥20). While the majority of injuries may be treated on site, there is still a serious potential for life-threatening emergencies to occur.
The Pragmatics of Financial Communication. Part 2: From Public Sphere to Investors
Authors: Whitehouse Marlies , Palmieri Rudi , Perrin Daniel
Published: June 2018

Research in financial communication has long been dominated by scholars in accounting and finance, who largely focused on the extratextual aspects of financial disclosures, such as the choice (not) to reveal information or the impact of new regulatory standards. In contrast, the past decade and a half has witnessed a significant shift of attention toward the linguistic and textual elements of financial communication. Finance scholars have started to develop text analysis approaches to investigate, in particular, market sentiment and its impact on stock prices. At the same time, accounting scholars have engaged in the so-called narrative turn by investigating the rhetorical aspects of voluntary disclosure. Recent developments in the field, however, dig deeper and are beginning to shed light on the crucial functions of language use in financial communication. There is a growing interest throughout the disciplines to analyze the interplay of micro and macro structure in financial communication, which has been clearly reflected in academic initiatives and rapidly evolving subject areas in recent years. Bringing together these initiatives on a higher level, the AILA (International Association of Applied Linguistics) research network in financial communication, set up in early 2018, enables scholars from all over the world to strengthen and elaborate on their research and its dissemination. The two parts of the special issue “The Pragmatics of Financial Communication” aim to reflect these recent developments and to foster current and future initiatives in the field.
The Narrative Strategies of Winners and Losers: Analyzing Annual Reports of Publicly Traded Corporations
Authors: Laskin Alexander V.
Published: June 2018

This study focuses on the narrative strategies corporations utilize to communicate their annual results to investors and the financial community. Specifically, the study looks at the sample of overperforming and underperforming companies and analyzes how management shapes their performance results using a variety of narrative strategies in their annual reports. The study uses DICTION software in order to perform a computerized content analysis of annual reports of a purposive sample of Standard & Poor’s 500 corporations and identify and compare the usage of the 35 narrative strategies.
Saving Students: European Student Relief in the Aftermath of World War I
Authors: Hartley Benjamin L.
Published: June 2018

The World’s Student Christian Federation established the European Student Relief (ESR) organization in 1920 in order to respond to the refugee and hunger crises emerging in the wake of World War I in Europe. Although nearly forgotten today, it was the first truly international ecumenical relief agency in the world. This article tells the story of ESR in reference to its efforts at building interorganizational coalitions and as a force for “internationalism.” The ESR’s story is instructive as the world marks the hundredth anniversary of the end of World War I and is once again confronted with refugee crises.
Watershed Encounters
Authors: Trombley Jeremy
Published: June 2018

The term watershed is derived from the German wasserscheide, which means “parting of the waters” and refers to the geographic boundary that separates one drainage basin from another. It is from this definition that we derive the concept of “watershed moments”—events that seem to change the course of history. I suggest that the intersection of temporal and spatial relationships embedded within the watershed concept reveals the interaction between modernist conceptions of space and time, enabling the persistence of trauma and violence that characterizes modernity. In this article, I examine a series of watershed encounters in the Chesapeake Bay region and how they transform our understanding of the environmental problems that face the estuary and its landscape. I argue that the “restoration” effort currently at work in the Chesapeake Bay watershed fails to grapple with the spatial and temporal ruptures that created these problems, and therefore it simply perpetuates the trauma and violence of modernity. However, through the praxis of watershed encounters described in this article, I argue that we can penetrate the spatial and temporal logics of modernity and begin the recuperative work of finding what Deborah Bird Rose refers to as “alternatives to our embeddedness in violence.”
Anthropomorphism in the Anthropocene
Authors: Castellano Katey
Published: June 2018

Leanne Allison and Jeremy Mendes’s interactive documentary Bear 71 (2012) depicts the “story of a female grizzly bear monitored by wildlife conservation officers from 2001–2009” in Banff National Park. The film’s visuals are composed of fragments from critter-cam footage, which alternate with a minimalist interface: a grid populated with dots signifying other animals and plants living in Banff. This essay argues that Bear 71 uses two strategies to reframe the data-driven discourse of wildlife management. First, the anthropomorphized narrative of Bear 71 reframes wildlife management data through attentiveness to the experience of a single grizzly bear, which functions as a counterdiscourse to the dominant framing of wildlife data as aggregate information about a species population. Second, the visual strategy of the minimalist interface prompts the viewer/user to navigate within a multispecies grid that gestures toward understanding animal endangerment as a problem not on the level of species but rather within a diverse multispecies assemblage that, crucially, includes humans. Although the eponymous Bear 71 dies, the narrative refuses closure because her daughter and other animals continue to move across the interface after the narrative ends. Bear 71 offers a model of “becoming-with” endangered animals through our attunement to both their singular stories and multispecies assemblages. It further models how the environmental humanities can be employed to rearticulate scientific data as innovative multispecies stories.
Is Daily Composition of Movement Behaviors Related to Blood Pressure in Working Adults?
Authors: GUPTA NIDHI , DUMUID DOROTHEA , KORSHØJ METTE , JØRGENSEN MARIE BIRK , SØGAARD KAREN , HOLTERMANN ANDREAS
Published: June 2018

Introduction

To investigate the association of the daily composition of time spent sedentary, in light physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and time in bed (movement behaviors) with blood pressure (BP) among white- and blue-collar workers.

Methods

Systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP) and body mass index of 827 workers were objectively measured. Daily composition of movement behaviors was derived from an Actigraph placed on the thigh for 1 to 5 d using the Acti4 software (2012–2013). The composition was expressed as isometric log-ratios. The cross-sectional associations between daily movement behavior composition and BP were investigated using the Compositional Data Analysis approach. The associations were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, lift/carry duration, medication intake, and job sector.

Results

Daily composition of time spent in movement behaviors was significantly associated with SBP (F= 2.84,P= 0.04), but not DBP (F= 0.48,P= 0.69). Specifically, time reallocation to sedentary time and light physical activity from the remaining behaviors was deleteriously associated with SBP, whereas time reallocation to time in bed and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from the remaining behaviors was beneficially associated with SBP. However, the results were only significant for time spent sedentary (P= 0.01) and in bed (P= 0.047).

Conclusions

Daily composition of movement behaviors is associated with SBP among workers. Spending more time sedentary compared with other behaviors was deleteriously associated with SBP, whereas spending more time in bed was beneficially associated with SBP. How time is spent in different movement behaviors throughout the day is important for BP and needs to be further investigated to be included in future clinical practice guidelines.
Utp14 interaction with the small subunit processome
Authors: Black Joshua J. , Wang Zhaohui , Goering Lisa M. , Johnson Arlen W.
Published: June 2018

The SSU processome (sometimes referred to as 90S) is an early stable intermediate in the small ribosomal subunit biogenesis pathway of eukaryotes. Progression of the SSU processome to a pre-40S particle requires a large-scale compaction of the RNA and release of many biogenesis factors. The U3 snoRNA is a primary component of the SSU processome and hybridizes to the rRNA at multiple locations to organize the structure of the SSU processome. Thus, release of U3 is a prerequisite for the transition to pre-40S. Our laboratory proposed that the RNA helicase Dhr1 plays a crucial role in the transition by unwinding U3 and that this activity is controlled by the SSU processome protein Utp14. How Utp14 times the activation of Dhr1 is an open question. Despite being highly conserved, Utp14 contains no recognizable domains, and how Utp14 interacts with the SSU processome is not well characterized. Here, we used UV crosslinking and analysis of cDNA (CRAC) and yeast two-hybrid interaction to characterize how Utp14 interacts with the preribosome. Moreover, proteomic analysis of SSU particles lacking Utp14 revealed that the presence of Utp14 is needed for efficient recruitment of the RNA exosome. Our analysis positions Utp14 to be uniquely poised to communicate the status of assembly of the SSU processome to Dhr1 and possibly to the exosome as well.
Η παιχνιδοποιημένη μορφή αξιοποίησης του υπολογιστή στο Τμήμα Ένταξης
Authors: Νοβάκος Ιωάννης
Published: June 2018

Τα τελευταία χρόνια διαπιστώνεται όλο και περισσότερο να αυξάνεται υπέρμετρα ο αριθμός των παιδιών που εμφανίζουν μαθησιακές δυσχέρειες και παρακολουθούν το Τμήμα Ένταξης. Η διδασκαλία των μαθητών αυτών στο Τμήμα Ένταξης, πρέπει να συντελείται μ’ έναν εναλλακτικό τρόπο και συνάμα συμπληρωματικό και επικουρικό της παραδοσιακής μεθόδου μάθησης. Υπό το φως της άνωθεν συλλογιστικής και πραγματικότητας, καθίσταται υπό διερεύνηση και μελέτη η συνεισφορά της παιχνιδοποιημένης μορφής του υπολογιστή στην εκπαίδευση της συγκεκριμένης ομάδας παιδιών, στην ενεργοποίηση των κινήτρων τους, στην αλλαγή της μαθησιακής τους «διάθεσης», στην αποκομίζουσα ικανοποίησή τους και στην ανάπτυξη των αδρανοποιημένων δεξιοτήτων τους.
Operationalization of the Requirements of the Standard As a Backbone Factor of the Control and Assessment Activities in the School Chemical Education
Authors: Добротин Дмитрий , Dobrotin Dmitriy
Published: June 2018

The article deals with the peculiarities of the state fi nal examination in chemistry and its impact on test and evaluation activities on the subject. In the process of studies, the author analyzed the content of standardized control and measuring materials of the state fi nal certifi cation, studied the essence of the process of operationalization of the planned results and requirements to level of preparation of students, gave examples and considered incorporating the competence oriented tasks in the fi nal certifi cation. Thus, in the process of research, the author formulated the conclusion about the strategic role of operationalization of requirements in the process control knowledge and skills, as well as the possibility of including a competence-oriented tasks in the control and measuring materials provided careful thought assessment criteria of these tasks.
ORGANIZATION OF INDEPENDENT WORK IN TEACHING STUDENTS OF THE MEDICAL PROFILE OF THE EURO-ARCTIC REGION
Authors: Новикова Галина , Novikova Galina , Новикова Любовь , Novikova Lubov
Published: June 2018

The article describes the features of the organization of independent work of students of the medical profile. Described extracurricular and classroom independent work on the discipline «Solving patients' problems». The paper presents the structure of the evaluation sheet for the self-study of students
Participación política de las mujeres: ¿cómo juegan los estereotipos de género en la implementación de la Ley de Cuotas en las elecciones al Congreso de la República de Colombia para el período 2014-2018?
Authors: Lozano Suárez Dilia
Published: June 2018

El presente artículo analiza la influencia de los estereotipos tradicionales de género en la baja votación recibida por las mujeres en las elecciones al Congreso de Colombia para la legislatura de 2014-2018, después de la implementación de la Ley Cuotas que, si bien es cierto ha incrementado el número de mujeres nominadas para cargos de elección popular, este aumento en la postulación femenina no ha tenido un impacto equivalente en el número de mujeres que efectivamente han resultado electas. En la primera parte del artículo se analizan los resultados de la implementación de la cuota femenina para los partidos políticos, en la segunda parte se explica por qué la cantidad de mujeres elegidas es tan baja con respecto al porcentaje de mujeres postuladas, desde la perspectiva de los estudios de género. Finalmente, se sostiene que no es posible ampliar la democracia y la ciudadanía si las mujeres no se constituyen como un actor social con capacidad de intervención y negociación política que pueda representar no solamente los intereses de las mujeres.
The Influence of Multiple Knowledge Networks on Innovation in Foreign Operations
Authors: Berry Heather
Published: June 2018

Although extant literature has long argued that firm embeddedness within knowledge networks increases innovation, we know much less about how interactions across multiple knowledge networks jointly influence learning and innovation outcomes within firms. This paper contributes to our understanding of global innovation in multinational corporations (MNCs) by exploring how competing tensions across parent, host-country, and third-country knowledge networks in terms of knowledge domain diversity and dominance, organizational bias, and knowledge relevance perceptions influence innovation outcomes. Empirical results from a comprehensive panel of U.S. MNCs reveal different “preferred” combinations of high and low embeddedness across parent, host-country, and third-country knowledge networks for incremental versus radical innovation outcomes, reflecting how competing tensions across knowledge networks can limit or enhance knowledge search for diverse knowledge and influence innovation outcomes in the foreign operations of MNCs.
Práticas colaborativas desenvolvidas pelo professor de Língua Portuguesa e o intérprete educacional: um relato de experiência
Authors: Barros Adriana Lúcia De Escobar Chaves de
Published: June 2018

O aumento do número de pessoas surdas nas salas de aula regulares no Brasil é realidade nos contextos escolares inclusivos, tornando desafiador e inspirador o trabalho dos educadores, intérpretes e todos os profissionais envolvidos no ensino dos surdos. Nesse sentido, há que se conhecer mais sobre o processo de aprendizagem desses alunos, principalmente, quando o conteúdo é explicado pelo professor em português, uma língua de modalidade tão diferente da sua primeira, a Libras, e mediado por um intérprete. Refletir sobre essas questões é relevante, tanto para tornar os profissionais conscientes das dificuldades enfrentadas por esse grupo de discentes, quanto para aprimorar as práticas dos docentes e intérpretes, evidenciando a necessidade de colaboração entre eles. O presente artigo tem como objetivo compartilhar algumas práticas exitosas desenvolvidas e executadas de forma colaborativa por uma das autoras, professora de Português, e uma intérprete educacional, em turma regular de oitavo ano, composta por alunos ouvintes e um surdo. Ter atuado durante quase seis anos como intérprete desse aluno surdo possibilitou-lhe um olhar mais sensível para suas necessidades, as dificuldades do intérprete e os seus próprios desafios como professora. A partir das leituras de autores como Quadros (2004), Quadros e Schmiedt (2006), Strobel (2008) e outros estudiosos da área, apresentamos algumas atividades que acreditamos ter contribuído para o aprendizado desse surdo e despertado a sensibilidade dos seus colegas e de outros professores da escola. Esperamos que, inspirados por este artigo, professores e intérpretes educacionais passem a trabalhar, cada vez mais, de maneira colaborativa. Palavras-chave:
PENSARES SURDOS: ESTUDOS NA ÁREA DE LETRAS
Authors: Pereira Danielle Cristina Mendes , Muniz Valéria Campos
Published: June 2018

O reconhecimento da língua de sinais como língua natural implica a sua compreensão como instrumento modulador de imagens e discursos relativos às identidades e aspectos da cultura surda: a opção pelo plural é centrada na condição heterogênea e histórica destas duas instâncias. Nesse sentido, reconhecemos os sujeitos surdos não como entidade homogênea e  cristalizada - o surdo - mas como pessoas imersas em diferenças, em situações culturais híbridas e inseridas em um panorama pós-moderno. Aqui, ressaltamos os surdos falantes de Libras como primeira língua e que a reconhecem como uma força motriz fundamental para a tessitura de identidades e de traços culturais relevantes para a organização de suas vivências. Para Skliar (1988), os Estudos Surdos poderiam ser pensados como um programa de pesquisa no qual as culturas surdas e suas comunidades deveriam ser percebidas pela clave da “diferença, a partir de seu reconhecimento político”. Concordamos que é fundamental pensar politicamente a questão da surdez; também compreendemos que é necessário ampliar o programa de pesquisa para uma orientação que traga à baila os estudos em Letras, fundamentais tanto para a implementação de um diálogo interdisciplinar profícuo, quanto para a construção de um caminho teórico-crítico que ainda carece de produção e divulgação de investigações específicas. A partir de tal premissa, este número reuniu reflexões e discussões que consideram aspectos referentes ao campo dos Estudos Surdos, em torno da pesquisa em Letras - tanto nos estudos linguísticos como nos literários -, e que contemplam aspectos linguísticos da Libras e da Língua Portuguesa como L2; questões sobre as literaturas surdas; e reflexões sobre os letramentos de surdos, em suas práticas e eventos.
O FESTEJO INTERCULTURAL DO CANAUANI; Um Veículo de Divulgação, Fortalecimento e Manutenção da Cultura Wapixana em Roraima.
Authors: Jacinto Pereira Abraão , Bernades Roseli
Published: June 2018

O povo roraimense abriga diversas etnias devido ao grande número de povos indígenas e as três fronteiras com países de línguas diferentes (Venezuela – espanhol e Guiana – inglês) que os coloca o povo de Roraima em contato com uma grande variedade de características culturais. A globalização e o constante avanço tecnológico e de mídias pode ser um grande vilão dessas culturas milenares que mantem costumes e crenças tradicionais. Reavivar a cada dia esses costumes e crenças dentro da comunidade e divulga-los é uma forma de manter a cultura na sua forma original sem perder suas essências. O Festejo Intercultural do Canauanim tem esse propósito de manter viva sua cultura por meio de atividades educativas, sociais, culturais, religiosas e econômicas o modo de vida com base nos ancestrais da cultura Wapixana. A intenção desse trabalho é expor como acontece esse festival e analisar do ponto de vista sociológico com o intuito de alcançar dimensões reflexiva sobre como os povos indígenas sobreviverão ao avanço tecnológico não no quesito de sobrevivência biológica e sim no que tange ao social, sem perder a essência nas suas diversas formas de manifestação, seja, de danças, jogos e lutas, e outras maneiras de expressão. Assim sendo proporcionar a comunidade acadêmica através deste artigo a oportunidade de conhecimento e valorização da cultura Wapixana como brasileiros e como atores numa luta pela proteção de sua cultura. Por meio da participação no XIII Festejo Intercultural do Canauanim e dos registo que fizemos, possibilitou a nos participantes novos saberes e vivências que contribuíram para o inter e multiculturalismo entre nos não-indigena e os índigenas.
UM PENSAMENTO MAIS LUIZGONZAGUIANO: música e sonhos de uma escola de comunidade rural
Authors: Marinho Zacarias
Published: June 2018

Este artigo problematiza a política Programa Mais Cultura nas Escolas no Contexto da Prática, tendo como lócus uma escola de comunidade rural. Esta política faz parte de um pacote que o autor denominou de Políticas Mais, as quais se tornaram uma espécie de carro-chefe dos Governos Lula da Silva e Dilma Roussef. Sob a análise do Ciclo de Política, constatou-se que a proposta local de se trabalhar com música, embalou sonhos e projetos entre os sujeitos da escola, que em seu conjunto tinham como objetivos revelarem talentos e mudanças no gosto musical dos jovens participantes. Dessa forma, a proposta constituiu-se uma arena de disputa de sentidos do que seja a música de boa qualidade, além de uma diversidade de outros sentidos.
Compreendendo a Cultura Surda por Meio da Imagem: a arte surda em questão
Authors: Raugust Mayara Bataglin
Published: June 2018

O artigo pretende problematizar diferentes formas de constituir a cultura surda para além dos locais institucionalizados, por meio de um dos artefatos que a compõem: a arte surda. Esta, compreendida como dispositivo pedagógico produtor de novas formas de conceber a cultura surda. Para tanto, a pesquisa contou com entrevista presencial de três artistas surdos de diferentes regiões brasileiras, a fim de investigar as formas de produzir a cultura surda por meio de sua arte. O referencial teórico da pesquisa é composto pelo conceito de dispositivo, (FOUCAULT, 1979), de cultura (HALL, 1997); e de cultura surda (GOMES, 2011). Conclui-se que a cultura surda foi e é significada pelos artistas surdos de diferentes formas, pois casa um a compreende e a expressa de formas particulares.Palavras-chave: Cultura Surda. Arte Surda. Dispositivo.
Mathematics: A for Addition…
Authors: Hammond Paula , Lillie Stephen
Published: June 2018

This month, we start a new series based on the maths area of learning in the foundation stage, providing an A-Z of activities that will help children progress while having fun.
What we find in nature's larder
Authors: Garner Lynne
Published: June 2018

This is the second in a new four-part series that will explore the sometimes mysterious but always wonderful world of plants, opening up a once hidden world of knowledge.
A contemporary approach for the management of generalized tooth wear
Authors: Aldashti Mohammad Habib
Published: June 2018

Abstract: This paper describes the treatment of a 39-year-old female patient with generalized tooth wear. The causes of the tooth wear were identified and controlled. Following diagnostic planning, a full mouth reconstruction at an increased vertical dimension utilizing a reorganized approach was carried out. Crown lengthening surgery was performed on the maxillary anterior teeth prior to the restorative phase. The restorative treatment included a combination of indirect and direct composite resin restorations and adhesive cast restorations. Very satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcomes were achieved.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper demonstrates a practicable approach that can be applied for patients with tooth wear. The approach is conservative which eliminates the need for full coverage crowns to restore aesthetics and function.
Supporting parents with sleep disturbances in the under-5s
Authors: Mancz Gilly
Published: June 2018

Sleep disturbances are common in the under-5 age group and are associated with negative health outcomes for both the child and their wider family. Health visitors are key in identifying, supporting and treating sleep disturbances, although it is recognised that professionals often report gaps in their knowledge and a lack of confidence at managing sleep issues. This article will provide an overview of sleep physiology and how this applies to sleeping patterns in young children, as well as exploring the most frequently reported sleep disorders and key guidance for supporting parents.
Einkarekstur eða ríkisrekstur í heilsugæslu: Samanburður á kostnaði og ánægju með þjónustu
Authors: Sigurðsson Héðinn , Gestsdóttir Sunna , Halldórsdóttir Sigríður , Guðmundsson Kristjan G.
Published: June 2018

Skipulag heilbrigðisþjónustu er meðal erfiðustu viðfangsefna stjórnvalda. Líkt og aðrar þjóðir sem reka félagslegt heilbrigðiskerfi standa Íslendingar frammi fyrir spurningunni um hvert eigi að vera hlutverk einkarekstrar innan heilsugæslunnar. Markmið rannsóknarinnar var tvíþætt: að bera saman einkarekstur og ríkisrekstur 17 heilsugæslustöðva á höfuðborgarsvæðinu og greina ánægjukannanir þeim tengdar. Við upphaf Íslandsbyggðar verður til lögbundin samhjálp þar sem kveðið er á um skyldur samfélagsins við þá sem þarfnast hjálpar og með lögum um heilbrigðisþjónustu árið 1973 féll íslenska heilbrigðiskerfið undir norræna velferðarsamfélagið með jöfnu aðgengi og þéttu öryggisneti. Rannsóknin sýnir að einkareknu heilsugæslustöðvarnar voru með lágan kostnað á hverja verkeiningu en þó ekki þann lægsta. Fjórar til sjö ríkisreknar stöðvar voru með lægri kostnað á hvern skráðan einstakling en þær einkareknu. Kostnaður á hverja stöðu læknis var hæstur hjá annarri einkareknu stöðinni. Þjónustukannanir sýndu að enginn munur var á ánægju með gæði þjónustu milli þessara tveggja ólíku rekstrarforma. Þá ályktun má draga af þessari rannsókn að ekki sé hægt að fullyrða að einkarekstur í heilsugæslu bæti meðferð opinbers fjár eða auki gæði þjónustunnar.
Equilibrated Stress Tensor Reconstruction and A Posteriori Error Estimation for Nonlinear Elasticity
Authors: Botti Michele , Riedlbeck Rita
Published: June 2018

We consider hyperelastic problems and their numerical solution using a conforming finite element discretization and iterative linearization algorithms.
For these problems, we present equilibrated, weakly symmetric,

H
⁢

(
div
)

{H(\mathrm{div)}}

-conforming stress tensor reconstructions, obtained from local problems on patches around vertices using the Arnold–Falk–Winther finite element spaces.
We distinguish two stress reconstructions: one for the discrete stress and one representing the linearization error.
The reconstructions are independent of the mechanical behavior law.
Based on these stress tensor reconstructions, we derive an a posteriori error estimate distinguishing the discretization, linearization, and quadrature error estimates, and propose an adaptive algorithm balancing these different error sources.
We prove the efficiency of the estimate, and confirm it on a numerical test with an analytical solution.
We then apply the adaptive algorithm to a more application-oriented test, considering the Hencky–Mises and an isotropic damage model.
Interaction of volatile organic compounds and underlying liver disease: a new paradigm for risk
Authors: Lang Anna L. , Beier Juliane I.
Published: June 2018

Occupational and environmental exposures to industrial chemicals are known to cause hepatotoxicity and liver injury, in humans and in animal models. Historically, research has focused on severe acute liver injury (e.g. fulminant liver failure) or endstage diseases (e.g. cirrhosis and HCC). However, it has become recently recognized that toxicants can cause more subtle changes to the liver. For example, toxicant-associated steatohepatitis, characterized by hepatic steatosis, and inflammation, was recently recognized in an occupational cohort exposed to vinyl chloride. At high occupational levels, toxicants are sufficient to cause liver damage and disease even in healthy subjects with no comorbidities for liver injury. However, it is still largely unknown how exposure to toxicants initiate and possibly more importantly exacerbate liver disease, when combined with other factors, such as underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease caused by poor diet and/or obesity. With better understanding of the mechanism(s) and risk factors that mediate the initiation and progression of toxicant-induced liver disease, rational targeted therapy can be developed to better predict risk, as well as to treat or prevent this disease. The purpose of this review is to summarize established and proposed mechanisms of volatile organic compound-induced liver injury and to highlight key signaling events known or hypothesized to mediate these effects.
Down-regulated paxillin suppresses cell proliferation and invasion by inhibiting M2 macrophage polarization in colon cancer
Authors: Zhang Ling-li , Zhang Lian-feng , Shi Yun-bo
Published: June 2018

The paxillin and M2 macrophage are all involved in cell proliferation and tumor progression, and this study aims to explore the interaction between them in colon cancer and the role of paxillin in cancer progression. Expression of mRNAs and proteins was determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot, separately. Endogenous expression of genes was modulated by recombinant plasmids and cell transfection. The levels of cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The cell viability, invasion and migration were detected using the MTT assay, the transwell assay and the wound-healing cell migration assay, respectively. A nude mouse model for human colon cancer was constructed for tumor orthotopic expression. Paxillin was up-regulated in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Paxillin was up-regulated in process of M2 macrophage polarization. M2 macrophage polarization was inhibited with paxillin suppressed. Down-regulated paxillin inhibited cell proliferation and invasion in colon cancer through suppressing M2 macrophage polarization. PI3k/Akt inhibitor repressed M2 macrophage polarization through down-regulating paxillin. PI3k/Akt inhibitor inhibited the function of the macrophage in promoting cell proliferation and invasion of colon cancer through down-regulating paxillin. Down-regulated paxillin in macrophages inhibited tumor growth of colon cancer. With the PI3K/AKT pathway inhibited, down-regulated paxillin suppressed colon cancer cell proliferation and invasion by inhibiting the M2 macrophage polarization, thereby restraining the tumor progression.
Xyloglucan for estimating the surface area of cellulose fibers
Authors: Moser Carl , Backlund Hanéle , Lindström Mikael , Henriksson Gunnar
Published: June 2018

The hemicellulose xyloglucan can be utilized to measure exposed cellulose surfaces for pulp fibers. This was shown by correlating a refining series with the adsorbed amount of xyloglucan, and by swelling cellulose fibers to various degrees by increasing the charge density. The method is specific to cellulose and could be used to quantify refining or to determine hornification.
Bar force measurement in low consistency refining: the effect of plate pattern
Authors: Harirforoush R. , Olson J. , Wild P.
Published: June 2018

The effect of plate pattern on forces applied to pulp fibers by refiner bars in low consistency refining is investigated in an AIKAWA 16-inch single-disc refiner. These forces are measured using a custom-built piezoelectric sensor. Trials are conducted using SPF softwood thermomechanical pulp, northern bleached softwood kraft pulp, and aspen hardwood thermomechanical pulp at 3.3 to 3.6 % consistency at rotational speeds of 1200 and 1400 rpm. The pulp is sampled at regular intervals, and the length-weighted fiber length, freeness, tear index, and tensile index are measured for each sample. The results show that the plate with higher bar edge length results in lower mean peak normal and shear forces. The mean peak normal and shear forces at the onset of fiber cutting depend on rotational speed, pulp furnish and plate pattern, and these parameters are lower for a plate pattern with higher bar edge length. In addition, the mean coefficient of friction is a function of plate gap, pulp furnish, and plate pattern. The plate having higher bar edge length results in higher mean coefficient of friction.
Copper and copper nanoparticles: role in management of insect-pests and pathogenic microbes
Authors: Rai Mahendra , Ingle Avinash P. , Pandit Raksha , Paralikar Priti , Shende Sudhir , Gupta Indarchand , Biswas Jayanta K. , da Silva Silvio Silvério
Published: June 2018

Crop losses mainly occur due to biotic factors, which include soil-borne phytopathogens, insect pests, parasites, and predators. The major loss of food in the food industry is due to its spoilage by various microorganisms. With advancement in nanotechnology, the use of nanoparticles in food and agriculture crop yield can be improved. In this context, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) have attracted a great deal of attention from all over the world due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Copper is one of the key micronutrients, which plays an important role in growth and development of plants. CuNP-based fertilizer and herbicide can be used in agriculture. The small size of CuNPs facilitates their easy absorption by the plants. CuNPs can be promisingly used in the food packaging to avoid the growth of food spoilage microorganisms. The use of CuNP-based agar packaging materials has substantial potential to increase the shelf-life of food. The present review focuses on the application of Cu and CuNPs in food and agriculture. Moreover, antimicrobial and pesticidal properties of CuNPs are also discussed.
Diffusivity of solvents in semi-crystalline polyethylene using the Vrentas-Duda free-volume theory
Authors: Sturm Derek R. , Caputo Kevin J. , Liu Siyang , Danner Ronald P.
Published: June 2018

Diffusion of penetrants in polyethylene below the melt temperature is heavily dependent on the crystallinity of the polyethylene, the temperature of the experiment, and the concentration of solvent in the polymer. As the crystallinity of the polyethylene increases, there is an increase in the path that the solvent must travel as the solvent cannot penetrate the tightly packed chains in the crystalline domain. This effect is typically accounted for by a tortuosity factor. In this work, a simple and effective characterization of the tortuosity factor based simply on the crystal weight fraction has been developed. Data have been collected for six polyethylenes having densities ranging from 0.912 to 0.961 g/cm3 and for three solvents – isopentane, cyclohexane, and 1-hexene. Diffusivity predictions have been obtained using the free-volume theory of Vrentas and Duda in conjunction with the new tortuosity factor. The polyethylenes had crystallinities varying from 40% to 82% effecting an approximately 60% change in the diffusivity. The decrease resulting from ignoring the crystallinity altogether was in some cases essentially a factor of 5. The error in the predicted diffusivities over all the systems was 25%. For cyclohexane, it is shown that the same model parameters characterize data below the melt temperature (in the semi-crystalline region) as well as above the melt temperature (in the amorphous region).
Cyanidin-3-rutinoside protects INS-1 pancreatic β cells against high glucose-induced glucotoxicity by apoptosis
Authors: Choi Kung-Ha , Park Mi Hwa , Lee Hyun Ah , Han Ji-Sook
Published: June 2018

Exposure to high levels of glucose may cause glucotoxicity, leading to pancreatic β cell dysfunction, including cell apoptosis and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of cyanidin-3-rutinoside (C3R), a derivative of anthocyanin, on glucotoxicity-induced apoptosis in INS-1 pancreatic β cells. Glucose (30 mM) treatment induced INS-1 pancreatic β cell death, but glucotoxicity and apoptosis significantly decreased in cells treated with 50 μM C3R compared to that observed in 30 mM glucose-treated cells. Furthermore, hyperglycemia increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide (NO) levels, while C3R treatment reduced these in a dose-dependent manner. C3R also increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, markedly reduced the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (such as Bax, cytochromec, caspase 9 and caspase 3), and increased the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2, in hyperglycemia-exposed cells. Finally, cell death was examined using annexin V/propidium iodide staining, which revealed that C3R significantly reduced high glucose-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, C3R may have therapeutic effects against hyperglycemia-induced β cell damage in diabetes.