bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutritional value of fruit and berry raw material for the production of functional food
Authors: Isrigova T A , Selimova U A , Ganakaev A I , Taibova D S , Sannikova E Y
Published: February 2022

The article presents the relevance of the production of healthy food. The results of research on the study of the nutritional value of fruit and berry raw materials are presented. For the first time, the expediency of using sea buckthorn berries for the production of fruit jelly has been scientifically substantiated and experimentally proven. A comparative analysis of the technological properties and biological value of sea buckthorn berries grown in the Republic of Dagestan is provided. The influence of the height of sea buckthorn cultivation above sea level on the accumulation of anthocyanins and flavonoids in berries has been established. The functional purpose of the developed marmalade has been revealed and experimentally proved.
Motivational mechanism of organic production as an element of sustainable development of rural areas
Authors: Muravyova Marina V , Vorotnikov Igor L
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the development of agriculture, the design of development systems, the formation of new approaches to ensure the functioning of agricultural and agro-industrial systems and the development of rural areas.
Assessment of carbon dioxide effect on agricultural crops productivity by the method of dispersion analysis
Authors: Molchanova N P , Morosova S V , Kondakov K S , Zhelezovskaya G I , Bobyleva G A
Published: February 2022

This article studies the influence of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere on the yield and quality of grain crops. To make the right estimate the authors have chosen the method of dispersion analysis. The objects of the study are the yield of spring crops in Russia and the yield of spring wheat in the Saratov region. The impact turned out to be statistically significant. It is estimated at 43% for Russia, and 80% for spring wheat (Saratov region). The effect of carbon dioxide on grain quality (protein content) has also been studied. The results were quite uncertain. It was found out that the effect of carbon dioxide on the protein increase in spring wheat was 80% with a small correlation coefficient (0.015). It became obvious that the relationship between the growth of carbon dioxide concentration and grain quality is quite complex and cannot be described by a simple linear relationship, unlike the relationship between CO2 concentration and yield of spring crops. The following important methodological conclusion was made: to make the right conclusion about the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on grain quality using the method of dispersion analysis we need special conditions for the formation of initial samples.
Optimal parameters of processing wheat grain in an ultrasonic installation
Authors: Morgunova N L , Rudik F Y , Fomenko O S , Ivanova Z I , Makarov D V , Sundukov E A
Published: February 2022

The article deals with the issues related to the process of grain processing to accelerate the process of wetting during simple grinding into wallpaper flour and decontamination of grain during storage with ultrasonic intensification of the process. A mathematical simulation of the grain processing process was carried out using the Statistica.10 program. The optimal operating parameters of the preparation of wheat grain for simple grinding were selected: water temperature – 300C, processing time – 40 seconds, the frequency of ultrasonic vibrations – 18-18.2 kHz, the intensity of the ultrasonic field – no more than 1 W/cm2.
Dependence of the Yield of Organic Potatoes on the Variable Composition of Technological Operations
Authors: Zakharov A M , Maksimov D A , Minin V B , Murzaev E A , Ivanov D Y
Published: February 2022

The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the influence of the level of mineral nutrition and the variant composition of technological methods of care on the productivity of organic potatoes. The studies were carried out at the Experimental Station of the Institute for Engineering and Environmental Problems in Agricultural Production - Branch of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific AgroEngineering Center VIM near St. Petersburg. The soil of experimental plots is sod-podzolic light loamy gleyic on residual carbonate moraine loam. Soil resistance was measured with a Penetrologger. The use of deep loosening of the inter-row spacings during inter-row cultivation reduced the soil resistance in the inter-row spacing by about 20% and in the root formation zone by 13%. Deep loosening of the row spacings reduced the soil resistance in the experiment both with direct measurement after the technological operation to a depth of 60 cm, and within two months of measurements. With the combined use of compost and deep loosening, the yield increase was from 1.46% to 6.04% when comparing comparable doses. The maximum potato yield of 23.6 t /ha was obtained with deep loosening of row spacings and a poultry compost dose of 8 t /ha
Current state and prospects of enrichment of functional products based on poultry meat with targeted nutrients for the production of corrected nutrition for children and pregnant women
Authors: Borisova V L , Sazonova E A , Terentev S E , Vernigor V A , Nikonorova A A
Published: February 2022

This article provides an overview of the current state of research, which consists in the practical confirmation of the following hypothesis: the task of creating high-quality food products containing essential nutrients in a balanced state and ballast substances can be solved by developing a line of functional food products based on poultry meat. These functional products contain targeted nutrients for the nutritionally adjusted nutrition of children and pregnant women, taking into account the specific indications of doctors for their various conditions and diseases. The need to increase human immunity and metabolism, as well as its adaptive potential, is due to negative external influences from environmental, social and economic factors. Consequently, today there is a need to create a new generation of food products, which should provide the human body with useful substances and stimulate its protective functions.
Justification of the parameters of a microwave installation with a metal-dielectric resonator for defrosting of colostrum of animals
Authors: Prosviryakova M V , Ershova I G , Poruchikov D V , Mikhailova O V , Novikova G V , Storchevoy V F , Uhanova V Y , Samarin G N
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the substantiation of the structural performance of an ultra-high-frequency (UHF) installation of continuous flow action for defrosting and warming up animal colostrum. The dielectric parameters of colostrum in the frozen and liquid state were analyzed to determine the generated power and the depth of penetration of electromagnetic waves. For a given generator power, a threshold power that depends on the electric field strength (EF), and taking into account the change in the attenuation coefficient of electromagnetic waves during heating, a theoretical assessment of the optimal volume of raw materials in which animal colostrum is disinfected was carried out. These indicators are consistent with the design parameters of unconventional cavity resonators.
Prospects for the use of substrates and their influence on the morphometric parameters of clonal rootstocks of apple trees in the forest-steppe zone of the Urals
Authors: Merezhko O E , Aminova E V
Published: February 2022

The purpose of our work is to determine the best substrate for a higher yield of standard cuttings in the forest-steppe zone of the Urals. The objects of research were varieties of vegetatively propagated clonal rootstocks of apple trees: selection of the Orenburg branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution of the Federal Research Center of Gardening - Ural 7, Ural 3, Ural 5, Ural 11 and 54-118, 64-143 - selection of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution of Higher Education Michurinsky GAU. Planting scheme 1.2 x 0.3 m. In the experiment used a combination of substrates: "soil" (K), "soil + sawdust", "soil + humus". According to the results of the tests carried out, the largest leaf area was found in the "soil + humus" variant in the 54-118 rootstock (2.50 m2), and the total assimilation surface of the leaves was the highest in Ural 5 (30.8 thousand m2 / ha). It was found that the length of the rooting zone showed the best result in the "soil + humus" variant and ranged from 9.4 (Ural-11 stock) to 14.9 cm (Ural 5 stock) and exceeded the "soil + sawdust" combination by 0.9 - 1.8 cm. The smallest indicator of the total length of roots was noted in the variant "soil" (K) in the stock Ural 11 (12.7 cm), in the variants "soil + sawdust" and "soil + humus" the highest indicator was in the stock Ural 5, the difference between the options was 6.7 cm. Thus, we can conclude that the best indicators were on all the studied stocks when using the substrate "soil + humus".
Development of an effective device for electrohydroimpulse treatment of aqueous solutions
Authors: Vasilyev P I , Aflyatunov R R , Khazieva R T
Published: February 2022

The growth and development of plants directly depends on watering them with aqueous solutions containing a sufficient amount of trace elements. In the article, the authors propose an efficient power source for an electrical installation designed for aqueous solutions. This installation allows you to increase nutrients and stimulates their assimilation by plants. For this setup, the authors propose to use a voltage source based on a multifunctional integrated element. The article presents a power supply diagram of an electrical technological installation based on a two-section single design and technological component. The power supply based on the presented component will allow the voltage to be varied over a wide range and will greatly reduce the weight and dimensions of existing installations. One of the sections of the multifunctional component will be used as a transformer and the other as a capacitor.
A new technology for producing inulin with high degree of polymerization
Authors: Yankevich S V , Malinin G V , Baevskiy V V
Published: February 2022

The paper deals with methods for producing inulin. The authors substantiate advantages and disadvantages of various methods and specify the most promising method for inulin extraction using new technologies of physical effect on inulin-containing extract. It is shown that physical effect on the extract in the process of inulin production may induce high prebiotic properties necessary for human health. The practical effect is presented as a graph of inulin yield at different temperature conditions.
Dynamics of reproduction of forest plantations in the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region
Authors: Volodkin A A , Volodkina O A , Larionov M V
Published: February 2022

The process of reforestation of forest stands is associated with the implementation of a number of measures aimed at the renewal of forest resources at certain financial costs. Reforestation activities in the Penza Region from 2008 to 2018 were carried out on an area of 19872.2 hectares, from 2019 to 2028 they are provided for on an area of 17900 hectares. In 2019 forest restoration was carried out on an area of 1392.4 hectares (10% higher than planned), including artificial reforestation by planting seedlings on an area of 561.3 hectares in the spring at the optimal time, as well as natural restoration (promoting natural renewal) of soil surface mineralization - 831 hectares (17% higher than planned). Total area of reforestation in 2020 - 1327.9 hectares, including planting of forest crops on an area of 427.4 hectares and the addition of plantings of different years on an area of 1198.1 hectares, agrotechnical and forestry care of forest crops - 4797.2 hectares. Within the framework of the federal project "Forest Conservation" of the national project "Ecology" for 2019-2020. artificial reforestation was carried out on an area of 270.1 hectares and agrotechnical care was carried out on an area of 3203.7 hectares. To increase the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of forests, contributing to an increase in their resistance to unfavorable biotic and abiotic environmental factors, it is necessary to increase the areas of artificial reforestation by introducing promising technologies for creating forest crops.
Optimization of the main parameters of the root crop grinder
Authors: Ryadnov A I , Fedorova O A , Tronev S V , Mamakhai A K , Sharipov R V
Published: February 2022

Based on the results of experimental studies of the experimental root crop grinder, the dependence of the cutting force during grinding of root crop on the constructive and regime factors of the grinder was determined: αc - chevron angle, deg., αi - angle of installation of knives in the knife wall, deg., vk.w. – speed of the knife wall, m/s, hw – height of the knife wave, mm in the form of a regression equation. According to this equation, the dependencies of the influence of factors on the value of the cutting force are constructed. As a result of the processing of graphic material, the studied factors are determined at the optimal level: αc = 48...49 deg., αi = 26...27 deg., vk.w. = 0,92...0.94 m/s and hw = 1...2.
Methods for determining the probability of failure-free operation of the engine of machines with an electronic control system
Authors: Magomedov F M , Melikov I M , Pashtaev B D , Bedoeva S V , Kurbakov I I
Published: February 2022

The method for determining the probability of failure-free operation of the electronic control system of the engine of machines, which allows not to release them on the line in a pre-failure state, is presented, and the main reasons for the occurrence of failures and malfunctions in its elements are presented. The given information can be applied in the course of forecasting the residual resource of the given system.
An effective method for accounting for the uncertainty of scenarios for the development of emergency situations in nuclear reactors
Authors: Okunev V S
Published: February 2022

The main goal of the research is to develop a method for accounting for uncertain data on scenarios for the development of emergency situations in nuclear reactors of a new generation. The method involves reducing the number of deterministic analogs (ideally, to two), in which the problems of reactor optimization (mathematical programming) should be solved. The proposed method is much more efficient in comparison with traditional techniques based on the use of uniformly distributed sequences. With the same accuracy, it was possible to reduce the calculation time by an order of magnitude. As an example, the layout of the BN-800 type reactor with sodium coolant and nitride fuel is considered. The most dangerous emergency situations - ATWS (anticipated transient without scram) - are considered. The researches carried out by the author make it possible to obtain the characteristics of a new generation reactor, which are optimal for a given criterion, in which severe accidents are excluded. This is the significance of research. The method can be used to study reactors of various types. The method is relevant at the initial stages of reactor development.
Research of possibility of application of catchment complex geo/morphological characteristic for determination of a wide spectrum of hydrological characteristics
Authors: Shalikovsky D A , Zaslonovskiy V N
Published: February 2022

The situation that arises when calculating the hydrological characteristics of poorly studied and unexplored rivers is characterized. The possibility of using the "flow rate" value to determine the runoff characteristics is considered. A calculation method is proposed with the Transbaikal Kray Amur River basin as a study case.
Lichen indication of surface air pollution in CATE Zheleznogorsk
Authors: Koval’ Yu N
Published: February 2022

The article focuses on evaluation of the level of air pollution in the forest territories surrounding the cityborders, using lichen indication. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that earlier this territory was not described for the quality of the surface air. The author notes that this area is exposed to recreational impact. The population living near these forests visit green areas, but do not have up-to-date data on the level of air pollution. According to the results of the study, we discovered 10 species of lichens, which are divided into 5 families and 10 genera. Analysis of ecological groups showed an average level of forest pollution.
Improving the energy efficiency of production processes at industrial enterprises of the Russian Federation
Authors: Balogun A A A , Hefei Pi , Zakharova E S
Published: February 2022

The conclusion of the generating equipment for repair, in the optimal way, is the main one when planning repairs. But to consider this issue, it is necessary to understand the essence of the problem and find ways to solve the identified problem. It is necessary to start with the concept of "reliability", namely the reliability of electrical power systems. The article deals with power systems in general, properties of power systems, elements of power systems. The ratio of the functions and properties of energy systems is analyzed, where the main functions of the objects under consideration are: a function associated with the purpose of production equipment, a function associated with the fact of its creation. The meaning of the assignment function is that the object has some task that is performed. In turn, the fulfillment or non-fulfillment of the task is directly related to reliability. Reliability is the property of an object to perform a specified function related to its purpose, subject to specified constraints.
Architectural and space-planning solutions of the research center for urban landscaping
Authors: Kukharenko D A , Fedorov O P
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the principles of designing a research centre for urban landscaping. It gives the definition of the objects of this typology and justifies the need for the implementation of such complexes in modern highly urbanised cities, based on environmental and social prerequisites. The article also considers the principles of the placement of such a centre, determines the composition of the main functional zones and outlines the main strategies of its activity. As a result, models of functional blocks are proposed – the principles of space-planning formation inherent in a complex of such a profile.
Geoecological risks of agricultural development in old-developed regions of Kazakhstan
Authors: Pashkov S V
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of changing of agricultural geoecological risks in the conditions of intensification of crop production in the largest old farming area of Kazakhstan - North Kazakhstan region. As a result of virgin frontal plowing of steppe spaces, such erosion processes as deflation and ravine erosion on prone lands have intensified. The plowing of new land and the exponential growth of land under soil-depleting technical crops in the last decade threaten the environmental sustainability of agriculture in the medium- and long-term period. Due to these problems, a drop in the yield of grain and oilseeds cultures was fixed and this fact indicates the exhaustion of natural agropotential resources. An eventual scenario for the ecologically acceptable development of crop production is the intensified transition to adaptive landscape and accurate (precision) agriculture in combination with the combined use of mineral and biological fertilizers based on local raw materials.
A relationship between weather conditions and a number of forest fires
Authors: Ivchenko O A , Tiutin A V , Kozachenko M A , Pankin K E
Published: February 2022

This work presents an approach to identifying the relationship between weather conditions in the region and a number of wild fires. On the basis on the official data, an assessment of meteorological conditions (average monthly air temperature, average monthly relative humidity, total precipitation, average wind speed) was carried out, and the hydrothermal coefficient was calculated for various areas of the Right-Bank and Left-Bank parts of the Saratov region. The obtained values are compared with the number of fires occurring in the selected territories: the study areas and parts of the Saratov region. It is shown that the best values of the correlation coefficients are observed when comparing data on the average relative air humidity and the number of fires. In some cases, a correlation is observed between the amount of precipitation and the average air temperature. Weather conditions are a combination of air temperature and relative humidity. Both of these parameters can be taken into account by calculating the hydrothermal coefficient, and its comparison with the number of fires may give a more accurate picture. Nevertheless, the calculation of the hydrothermal coefficient and the joint analysis of its values with the number of fires showed low values of the correlation coefficients. Nevertheless, if we combine the change in the values of the hydrothermal coefficient on the graph with the change in the number of forest fires, then it becomes clearly visible that there is a temporary shift in the period of occurrence of forest fires relative to the period of low level of moisture in the territory.
Analysis of environmental and natural factors affecting the justification of the location of the fuel and energy complex
Authors: Oznobikhina L A
Published: February 2022

The ecological state in the Southern Urals has not improved in recent years. The more industrial enterprises are located in the region, the more the natural habitat suffers. It should be recognized that it will be difficult for the region without stable production facilities. In fact, industrial enterprises provide a significant share of jobs and fill the regional budget to a greater extent. This article is devoted to the problems of removal of industrial facilities from the residential zone of the city. The analysis of the main problems of removal of industrial facilities is carried out. The variants of a land plot for the placement of a machine-building plant are considered.
Statistical aspects in assessment of chemical loads upon water bodies
Authors: Lepikhin A P , Voznyak A A , Sintsova T N
Published: February 2022

The article implores accuracy of statistical estimations of water bodies’ hydro/chemical characteristics used in currently valid regulating documents concerning regulation of non-natural impacts upon water bodies. The authors have considered consistency of equidistributed estimates of values, medians and dispersions both theoretical and practically used distribution functions of hydro/chemical characteristics (ingredients content) of water bodies. Analysis of estimations consistence has been based on Mathcad 13 licensed software use. The calculations performed have demonstrated that the character of the receiving watercourse hydrological regime variability is determinative for consistence of the equidistributed values. With Cv >1 this estimates become inconsistent and errors of their estimates do not decrease with the amount of sampling increase. The authors have as well analyzed (with Mathcad 13) dependence of the root-sum-square uncertainty of the equidistributed values, medians, and dispersions with different functions of the waste water receiving watercourse rate and disposed waste water distributions. It has been shown that median estimations are characterized by incomparably higher statistical stability in comparison with estimations built up on equidistributed characteristics. We have demonstrated unreasonableness of the currently active regulation system with an example of the suspended matters normalization. It is necessary to decrease principally, at least by one order, errors of determination of the suspended alluvium concentration or to increase the value of maximal permissible excess of the alluvium content in the control range in comparison with the background content.
About Electric Energy Additional Losses Reduction at the Phase Currents Unbalancing in the 0.38 kV Operating Networks
Authors: Naumov I V , Podyachikh S V , Tretyakov A N
Published: February 2022

The materials of operation unbalancing modes studies in operating distribution electric 0.38 kV networks are presented. For research, electric energy parameters systematic measurements materials and its indicators characterizing the power quality have been used. The measurements were made by an electric grid organization order that provides to facilities power supply in the Irkutsk region. To assess the unbalancing modes, in accordance with the developed calculating the currents and voltages unbalance methods, the program “Imbalance-2" was created to determine these indicators. As a minimizing additional losses means, a special shunt-balancing device is used, which has the lowest possible zero-sequence currents resistance, which automatically changes its parameters. The program provides the device parameters determination in accordance with the changing current unbalance level at any time moment. Based on the created algorithm, the indicators characterizing the power quality, as well as additional power and energy losses caused by this unbalance are calculated and analyzed. It is established that the power quality meets the State Standard requirements, but the additional losses level is quite high. The full power total losses in the individual electrical network elements have been determined and the balancing device efficiency degree to reduce these losses are established. The used balancing device economic efficiency is determined.
Changes in the spatial organization of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain nature park
Authors: Kholodenko A V , Istomin S A , Kirillov S N , Slipenchuk M V , Istomin A P
Published: February 2022

The Volga-Akhtuba floodplain is a unique intrazonal ecosystem of the Lower Volga. For many years, the landscapes of the area suffered from an intensive anthropogenic impact, starting with the commissioning of the Volga Hydroelectric Power Plant. Increasing anthropogenic pressure, high ecological value and standing out against the background of semi-desert areas led to the inclusion of this area into the Volga-Akhtuba Floodplain Nature Park in 2000. This article analyses the changes in the functional zoning of the nature park at the beginning of active conservation activities and present. The authors reveal the main hotspots of economic activity represented by agriculture in the region and farmsteads, which include settlements, horticultural societies and their linear infrastructure (road and transport network). In addition, they identify forest ecosystems of particular ecological and aesthetic value. The analysis of the economic impact and distribution of unique forest ecosystems provides an assessment of the changes in the spatial organisation of the area.
Analysis of key carbon footprint issues (CO2)
Authors: Pavlova A V , Jalilov T A
Published: February 2022

The article deals with the issue of CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) emissions into the atmosphere. The study identifies the main problem of gas emissions and describes optimal solutions. Solutions developed by other countries are discussed, and the cost of impelementing these solutions is calculated. To implement new standards, it is necessary to develop a plan, make amendments to the project. Project funding will become a problem for some countries, because the changes will affect people. New technologies should be tested in a simulator and, if necessary, modernized, in order to increase the demand for raw materials.
Development of polyfunctional sorbents based on zeolites for wastewater treatment
Authors: Obuzdina M V , Rush E A
Published: February 2022

The article presents technological approaches to solving the problem of involving production waste in the technology of sorption treatment of wastewater by component composition. Zeolites of the Holinsky deposit of Eastern Transbaikalia of the klinoptilolite type were taken as the initial matrix for creating a sorbent. We propose to use chloroanic wastes as an adsorbent of heavy metal ions, as which we propose to consider epichlorohydrin. The analysis of existing technologies for the disposal of organochlorine wastes, as well as known sorption materials, using sulfur as one of the modifier components. As a result of the deposition of a sulfur-containing polymer network on the surface of natural zeolite, not only its hydrophobization occurs. Sulfur atoms appear in its composition, which contributes to an increase in the selective ability to heavy metal ions, while copper ions are sorbed most rapidly. Previously, we proposed a method for modifying natural zeolites with highly organosilicon compounds, which made it possible to effectively neutralize oily wastewater.
On the approach to the definition of the indicator and the scale for evaluation of security of population in residential buildings of the chemical contamination of the territory
Authors: Rybakov A V , Ivanov E V , Gorina L N , Kuzmin A V
Published: February 2022

The article considers an approach to assessing the indicator of protection of the population in an emergency situation at chemically hazardous facilities, leading to chemical contamination of the territory in a residential area, as well as the further development of this approach. The basis of this indicator is a numerical indicator of the toxic dose in an accident at a chemically dangerous object received by a person inside a residential building in comparison with a person outside buildings or premises. Based on the distribution of the toxic load and the comparison of its values with the studied indicator, the procedure for constructing an estimated scale of the security indicator is revealed, with the possibility of determining intervals for a qualitative assessment of the quantitative values of the security indicator.
Assessment of the impact of industrial activities on environmental quality and public health
Authors: Oznobikhina L A
Published: February 2022

Human economic activity has led to serious pollution of our planet with various industrial wastes. The list of cities in Russia for air pollution increases annually. In modern industrial cities, the air environment is polluted by a complex mixture of substances, the composition of which is closely related to the nature of industrial production. The article deals with environmental problems of atmospheric pollution by chemicals of general industrial enterprises. Industrial enterprises located in a residential area of the city have an adverse effect on human health, the ecological situation, and other components of the natural environment that damage material values.
Assessment of environmental safety at the regional level
Authors: Kashkina E V , Puzyreva E A , Fedorova Yu A , Kashkin O I
Published: February 2022

In modern conditions of the development of the world economy, the issues of environmental protection and nature management are one of the most important topics. Many states of the world are actively trying to resolve issues related to the environment in order to overcome potential negative trends and prevent possible environmental disasters. In the Russian Federation, issues of nature management and environmental safety are also trying to regularly pay attention and allocate funds and resources aimed at improving the current situation. The issues of environmental safety in the light of the emergence of new diseases are very relevant and promising. Specific recommendations for improving the environmental situation are presented.
Control of zeta potential of polymer layers on selective ion exchange membranes for electrodialysis
Authors: Sabbatovskiy K , Sobolev V , Tsygurina K , Kirichenko E , Kirichenko K
Published: February 2022

The formation of compositions from polymer layers can significantly increase the monovalent selectivity of ion-conducting materials used in membrane separation processes. It is known that the achieved selectivity strongly correlates with the charge of the upper polymer layer determined through its zeta potential. It is of interest to confirm the strict dependence of the zeta potential on the charge of the upper polymer layer for rough commercial membranes. In this work, we studied the zeta potentials of polyallylamine and sodium polystyrene sulfonate adsorbed on heterogeneous membrane in solutions with different charge numbers of the counterion. It is shown that such coatings are characterized by more negative values of zeta potentials in comparison with those known for smooth coatings and that, upon transition to doubly charged counterions, there is no surface recharge.
Assessment of effects of the anthropogenic disturbance on plant communities and soils in urbanized territories
Authors: Shergina O V , Mironova A S , Mikhailova T A , Badryanova V V
Published: February 2022

The research was conducted in forest and forest park zones of industrial cities of Irkutsk, Angarsk, Usolie-Sibirskoye, and Shelekhov (Irkutsk region, Eastern Siberia, Russia). The disturbance of biogeocenoses in the urban environment was assessed by a set of visual and morphostructural parameters of trees, the state of the grass cover, morphological and physical properties of soils. The study showed to what extent the structural and functional parameters of trees, grass cover, and soils of urbanized areas have changed in comparison with the background, what is the main trend of their transformation. It has been established that in urban forest parks, under conditions of high recreational load, the morphological and physical parameters of the topsoils are informative, as evidenced by their high correlations with the morphostructural parameters of trees. The results indicate that the most weakened trees grow on soils with a high density of the soil's upper horizons and unfavorable water-air conditions. For recreational areas, an increased level of degradation of organic matter, as well as a reduced content of plant nutrients were found. The selected set of parameters of plants and soils allows to estimate reliably the degree of their disturbance and can be used when substantiating the levels of anthropogenic loads on forest ecosystems within urbanized territories.
Optimization of mechanisms for preventing air pollution
Authors: Provodina E V
Published: February 2022

The present study has shown that the atmosphere, being a vital natural resource for humans, is constantly negatively influenced by the side effects of human social activities. As a resource that has no territorial boundaries, the atmosphere needs not only modern technologies to ensure its prosperity, but also intensive methods of protection. In this connection, the purpose of this article is to determine the necessary directions for optimizing the mechanisms for preventing atmospheric pollution. The isolation of mechanisms that control and guarantee the observance of the procedure for using this natural object, ensuring respect for the interaction of human society with the specified component of the environment, as well as identifying problems that create an obstacle to the full implementation of atmospheric pollution prevention mechanisms, contribute to the achievement of the set goal and predetermine the results of this study.
Comparative analytical study of landfill soil and soil from sanitary protection zone of the solid municipal waste landfill of the Irkutsk city for 2014 and 2019
Authors: Ulanova O V , Begunova L A , Kanenkin E I
Published: February 2022

The largest SMW landfill in the Irkutsk region is that in the Irkutsk city. In 2014, high heavy metal contents were registered in landfill soil samples taken at the landfill site, and it was proposed to perform monitoring outside the landfill in 2019 and determine the pollution distribution area. In this article, the comparative analysis of the degree of heavy metal pollution of the landfill soil and soil from sanitary protection zone is presented. It was established that the studied landfill soil refers to extremely hazardous soils with heavy metal contents that are up to 68 times higher than TLV. Soil samples from the landfill-affected area also contain heavy metals in high concentrations. The manufacturing supervision of the SMW landfill should include the continuous observation of the soil, water, and air condition in the zone of possible impact of the landfill for taking timely environmental protection measures and preventing further negative impact of the landfill on the ecosystem.
Ways to reduce the anthropogenic load during visits to specially protected natural areas for recreational purposes
Authors: Radygina E G , Kareva A V
Published: February 2022

The increase in interest in visiting specially protected natural territories in the Sverdlovsk Region during the pandemic is accompanied by a decrease in active trips to other destinations, as a result, it provides a significant increase in the anthropogenic load in specially protected natural territories. The increase in the flow of visitors has a negative impact on the nature-saving state of natural systems, which makes it necessary to find ways to reduce the anthropogenic load. The article analyzes the content of the concepts of "recreational development" and "anthropogenic load", considers the most promising types of recreational activity, the directions of anthropogenic influence on natural landscapes, factors of reducing anthropogenic load. Special attention is paid to humanitarian factors and their application in the environmental direction. The author argues that in order to reduce the anthropological burden, it is necessary to combine the efforts of public administration bodies, entrepreneurs and the population of the region. To reduce the anthropogenic load in specially protected natural territories, the directions of administrative regulation, creation of an information space, formation of an environmentally oriented lifestyle and environmental responsibility of the population are proposed.
Impact of the oil and gas production process on the environment and human health
Authors: Khamidullina EA , Nayanov PA
Published: February 2022

Technologies for oil and gas production and transportation of hydrocarbons pose a potential threat to the environment and human health. The aim of this work is to consider the consequences caused by the proximity of oil fields on the health of the population living nearby using the north of the Irkutsk Region as an example. The incidence of the population was analyzed for the Katanga and Ust-Kut oilfield areas of Irkutsk Region based on statistical information from the annual reports of the Ministry of Health of the Irkutsk Region for the period 2015-2019. We analyzed information on general morbidity, eye diseases, diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and malignant neoplasms as well as perinatal and infant mortality and stillbirth. The results obtained indicate the negative impact of oil fields on the health of the population in the immediate vicinity. It is shown that the Katanga Municipality, where the oil field is practically the only type of economic activity, is leading in all the considered indicators of the population morbidity, as well as in perinatal and infant mortality, and stillbirths. It is noted that babies are the most vulnerable group, the infant mortality rate in the area adjacent to the oil field is more than 2 times higher than in the region as a whole, and the stillbirth rate is almost 6 times higher than the corresponding indicators for the region. The obtained data are interpreted by the authors as preliminary and requiring additional research.
Public danger of water pollution and the mechanism of protection of the surrounding water environment
Authors: Krasovskaya O Yu
Published: February 2022

The article examines the possible consequences of water pollution that pose a public danger, identifies the subjects of various types of activity that have a negative impact on the environment, studies the problems arising from the use of water resources. Analysis of measures to prevent pollution of water resources in the study made it possible to form an environmental mechanism to counteract water pollution as an element of the environment and to present its main directions: scientific and technical, state control, legal regulation.
Modern trends in the development of nuclear power: from environmental friendliness to safe utilitarianism
Authors: Timakova R T , Iliukhin R V , Iliukhina Iu V
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the issues of sustainable development of the energy sector of the world economy in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals: from the active dissemination of clean and environmentally friendly, so-called "green" technologies and technological processes to a significant increase in the share of energy produced from renewable energy sources (RES) by 2030 in the global energy balance and green economy concepts determines the choice of safe types of energy, which, along with renewable energy sources, include nuclear power in accordance with the principle of no significant harm. The Russian Federation ranks fourth in terms of the amount of electricity produced in the world and second, after France, among European countries in terms of nuclear generation capacity. The main trends in the development of the Russian nuclear power industry are presented. It was revealed that the nuclear power industry of the Russian Federation, producing up to 20% of the total energy, ensures compliance with the environmental safety of territories and the safe utilitarianism of radiation technologies in the civilian sector of nuclear energy (nuclear medicine, decontamination of pollution, wastewater treatment, non-destructive testing, radiation materials science, food processing products by ionizing radiation in specialized radiation centers, etc.).
Designing trenchless technologies in oil and gas engineering
Authors: Krasovskaya Oksana Aleksandrovna , Vyaznikov Vadim Evgenievich , Chigir Alexey Eduardovich
Published: February 2022

The article deals with the design of trenchless technologies for the restoration of pipelines in oil and gas engineering, taking into account the state of existing pipelines, the need for installing polyethylene pipes, and their strength and hydraulic parameters. Taking into account the high cost and timing of pipeline construction by the open method, the annual rate of aging of pipeline systems, the issue of construction, reconstruction and replacement of emergency pipelines can be solved only by using trenchless technologies, which will reduce direct and indirect financial and time costs. The term “trenchless technologies” can be defined as any method of trenchless installation and restoration of a pipeline with a description of the regulated sequence of operations performed using special equipment, instruments, materials, and human resources. Along with efficiency and cost-effectiveness, the trenchless technologies do not to deteriorate the existing environmental situation
Application of hydro/morphological monitoring for assessment of the lake Shartash status and its taking into account in restoration of the water body
Authors: Kuzmina A A , Nosal A P
Published: February 2022

Carrying out hydro/morphological monitoring is one of the most important steps in the preservation of unique water bodies or their restoration, both at the phase of development of the relevant measures and after their implementation. This article describes the experience of using the results of hydro/morphological monitoring for planning measures to preserve the Lake Shartash.
Assessment of the Republic of Kalmykia artificial groundwater resources recharge at the expense of the surface runoff accumulation
Authors: Rybnikova L S , Frolova N L , Morozov M G , Komin A V , Rybnikov P A
Published: February 2022

Territory of the Republic of Kalmykia located in the northwestern part of Caspian Region relates to arid areas because of the very poorly developed hydrographic network. Annual amount of precipitation varies from 210 to 340 mm; evaporation from the water surface is 1000–1100 mm. The issue of water resources provision is critical for Kalmukia. In the conditions of Kalmykia groundwater plays an important role as it is the main and often the only source of domestic/drinking water supply. However, the groundwater use is limited due to their low natural quality. One of the ways of increasing useful groundwater resources of water intakes and particular sites of deposits, improvement of water quality and, accordingly, meeting the population’s current demand for fresh drinking water can become artificial recharge of groundwater. A source of groundwater recharge on the territory of Kalmykia can be surface runoff during the winter/spring flood or, less often, during summer/fall rain floods. The Ergeninsk Upland in the Republic of Kalmykia has been chosen for the first stage (2020-2021) of researches in terms of combination of all factors of the possibility of artificial groundwater resources accumulation.
Assessment of the influence of carbonate samples on the spatial heterogeneity of soil properties prediction by ATR-FTIR spectrometry in arable chernozem
Authors: Okunev R V , Smirnova E V , Giniyatullin K G , Kadyrova R G
Published: February 2022

The introduction of fertilizers differentiated application system and the deterioration of the ecological state of the environment contributes to an increase in the frequency of soil properties examination. However, due to the high cost of classical physical and chemical methods of analysis, they are gradually being replaced by low-cost methods of soil properties prediction, such as ATR-FTIR spectrometry. IR spectrometric methods of analysis are also having disadvantages, one of which is the carbonate content in the material of arable horizons. In this work, the influence of carbonate samples of arable horizons on prediction of a number soil property by ATR-FTIR spectrometry was investigated. The set of samples from a field of 313 hectares with a predominance of leached chernozem was divided into carbonate and carbonate-free. The spectra of the samples in the range 4000-660 cm-1 with a spectral resolution of 4 cm-1 were obtained. To reveal the possible influence of carbonate samples on the prediction of the studied properties by ATR-IR spectrometry, linear regression models were constructed separately for the all samples (59 samples), for non-carbonate (41 samples) and carbonate samples (18 samples) separately. Then the results of linear regression were compared with each other. It has been shown that the presence of carbonate samples can significantly affect the prediction of some soil parameters. The presence of carbonate samples enhances the relationship between the spectral areas characterizing the mineral part of the soil and cation exchange capacity, increases the negative relationship of the areas characterizing the soil organic matter with the sand fraction, and the prediction accuracy increases for soil pH. However, the presence of carbonates negatively affects to the prediction of hydrolyzable nitrogen and fractions <0.01 mm content.
Organization of environmentally friendly production as the basis for the development of the municipal district
Authors: Oznobikhina L A , Ermakova A M
Published: February 2022

The concentration of means of production directly related to land largely determines the level of intensity of land use. The development of the territory is largely determined by the availability of material resources, they determine the structure of production activities and the level of well-being of the population. The article deals with the analysis of the development of the territory of the municipal district on the use of the land patent, the strategy of development of the territory.