bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A revised radiocarbon calibration curve 350–250 BCE impacts high-precision dating of the Kyrenia Ship
Authors: Manning Sturt W. , Lorentzen Brita , Bridge Martin , Dee Michael W. , Southon John , Wenger Madeleine
Published: June 2024

The Kyrenia Ship, found off the north coast of Cyprus, is a key vessel in the history of scientific underwater excavations and in the history of Greek shipbuilding. The first volume of the site’s final publication appeared in 2023 and provides detailed archaeological information tightly constraining the dating of the ship. A very specific date range is proposed: ca. 294–290 BCE, but is based on a less than certain reading of one coin recovered from the ship. While there is clear benefit to finding high-precision dates for the Kyrenia Ship and its rich assemblage using independent scientific dating (combined with Bayesian chronological modeling), efforts to do so proved more challenging and complex than initially anticipated. Strikingly, extensive radiocarbon dating on both wooden materials from the ship and on short-lived contents from the final use of the ship fail to offer dates using the IntCal20 calibration curve—the current Northern Hemisphere radiocarbon calibration curve at the time of writing—that correspond with the archaeological constraints. The issue rests with a segment of IntCal20 ca. 350–250 BCE reliant on legacy pre-AMS radiocarbon data. We therefore measured new known-age tree-ring samples 350–250 BCE, and, integrating another series of new known-age tree-ring data, we obtained a redefined and more accurate calibration record for the period 433–250 BCE. These new data permit a satisfactory dating solution for the ship and may even indicate a date that is a (very) few years more recent than current estimations. These new data in addition confirm and only very slightly modify the dating recently published for the Mazotos ship, another Greek merchant ship from the southern coast of Cyprus. Our work further investigated whether ship wood samples impregnated with a common preservative, polyethylene glycol (PEG), can be cleaned successfully, including a known-age test.
Feeding efficiency of two coexisting nectarivorous bat species (Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae) at flowers of two key-resource plants
Authors: Bechler Jan Philipp , Steiner Kira , Tschapka Marco
Published: June 2024

Animals should maximize their energy uptake while reducing the costs for foraging. For flower-visitors these costs and benefits are rather straight forward as the energy uptake equals the caloric content of the consumed nectar while the costs equal the handling time at the flower. Due to their energetically demanding lifestyle, flower-visiting bats face particularly harsh energetic conditions and thus need to optimize their foraging behavior at the flowers of the different plant species they encounter within their habitat. In flight cage experiments we examined the nectar-drinking behavior (i.e. hovering duration, nectar uptake, and the resulting feeding efficiency) of the specialized nectar-feeding bat Hylonycteris underwoodi and the more generalistic Glossophaga commissarisi at flowers of two plant species that constitute important nectar resources in the Caribbean lowland rainforests of Costa Rica and compared nectar-drinking behavior between both bat species and at both plant species. We hypothesized that the 1) specialized bat should outperform the more generalistic species and that 2) bats should generally perform better at flowers of the nectar-rich flowers of the bromeliad Werauhia gladioliflora than at the relatively nectar-poor flowers of the Solanaceae Merinthopodium neuranthum that has an extremely long flowering phase and therefore is an extremely reliable nectar resource, particularly for the specialized Hylonycteris. While we did not find substantial differences in the feeding efficiency of the generalist G. commissarisi, we observed an increased feeding efficiency of the specialized H. underwoodi at flowers of the nectar-poor M. neuranthum. This suggests that familiarity and ecological importance are more important determinants of the interaction than just morphological traits. Our results demonstrate that in addition to morphology, behavioral adaptations are also important drivers that determine the fitness of nectar-feeding bats. Both familiarity with and the ecological importance of a resource seem to contribute to shaping the interactions between pollinating bats and their plants.
Starvation-induced changes in the proteome and transcriptome of the salivary glands of leech (Hirudo nipponia)
Authors: Cai Meixiang , Shen Hongying , Xing Yueting , Wang Weimin , Guan Feng , Luo Yuanyuan
Published: June 2024

Hirudo nipponia is an important medicinal animal in China. Its salivary gland secretions contain a variety of protein bioactive substances. Investigations of its salivary glands are of great significance in the study of the medicinal value and mechanism of leech secretions. Illumina RNA-Seq technology was used to perform transcriptome sequencing of salivary gland tissue of H. nipponia under starvation (D30) and fed (D0) states. A total of 2,650 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. Using the label-free protein quantification technique and bioinformatics analysis, the expression of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the salivary gland tissue of H. nipponia was compared. A total of 2,021 proteins were identified, among which 181 proteins were differentially expressed between the starvation and fed states, with 72 significantly upregulated and 109 significantly downregulated. The salivary glands of H. nipponia synthesized protein-based active substances after 30 days of starvation and adapted to the starvation environment by weakening respiratory activity and reducing metabolic activity to reduce energy expenditure. Energy was produced by glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle for the synthesis of substances such as antibiotics. This study combined transcriptome and proteome sequencing data to provide a data reference for an in-depth study of the regulatory mechanism of salivary gland secretions of H. nipponia under starvation stress by analyzing DEGs and DEPs.
Investigation of structural parameters influencing vibration characteristics of heavy-duty truck diesel tanks
Authors: Hu Xiaodong , Pi Yonglu , Wang Kedong , Zhang Xue , Zhang Qiang , Mu Mingfei
Published: June 2024

The working conditions of heavy-duty trucks are very complicated as the diesel shaking and resonance problems, which causes weld tears, separators to fall off, and other failures occur. Through experiments and finite element simulation, the natural frequency and vibration mode of a given 400 L diesel tank were calculated to study the influences of structural parameters such as the fill ratio (0.1–0.9), the number of baffle plates (0, 1, 2), the spacing of the plates (240 mm, 400 mm, 560 mm) and the aperture (38 mm, 78 mm, 118 mm) on the modal parameters with the wet mode method. The results of the hammering mode test and the simulation modal analysis agree well with the maximum error is 4.8%; the natural frequency of the diesel tank will increase with fill ratio decrease; the increase of the baffle plate number (0, 1, 2) can effectively increase the first-order natural frequency of the diesel tank, but the change of the natural frequency is not obvious on the higher order; the higher plates spacing has a smaller natural frequency; increasing the aperture will highly increase the natural frequency, 188 mm has better vibration safety.
Individual differences in sharing false political information on social media: Deliberate and accidental sharing, motivations and positive schizotypy
Authors: Buchanan Tom , Perach Rotem , Husbands Deborah , Tout Amber F. , Kostyuk Ekaterina , Kempley James , Joyner Laura
Published: June 2024

False political information–misinformation or disinformation—is widely spread on social media. Individual social media users play a large part in this. However, only a minority actively share false material. It is important to establish what sets these individuals apart from those who do not, and why they do it. Motivations for sharing may vary and are likely to differ between people who share false material unknowingly and on purpose. In this paper we consider the extent to which individual differences in personality and other variables, and motivations for sharing, are associated with the likelihood of people sharing false political information both accidentally and deliberately. In a series of four studies (Ns = 614, 563, 627, 113) we examined predictors of sharing false political information using different methodological approaches. Across the four studies, a key finding was that positive schizotypy is associated with measures of sharing false information both accidentally and deliberately. Motivations for sharing political information online were also relevant, with sharing for reasons of ’raising awareness’ appearing particularly important. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Bone of contention: Intra-element variability in remodelling of human femora based on histomorphometric and isotope analyses
Authors: de Gruchy Yasmine A. , Faillace Katie E. , Van de Vijver Katrien , Schotsmans Eline M. J. , Seifert Jerrod , Bricking Adelle , Nederbragt Alexandra J. , Madgwick Richard
Published: June 2024

The volume of human carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope data produced in archaeological research has increased markedly in recent years. However, knowledge of bone remodelling, its impact on isotope variation, and the temporal resolution of isotope data remains poorly understood. Varied remodelling rates mean different elements (e.g., femur and rib) produce different temporal signals but little research has examined intra-element variability. This study investigates human bone remodelling using osteon population density and the relationship with carbon and nitrogen isotope data at a high resolution, focusing on variation through femoral cross-sections, from periosteal to endosteal surfaces. Results demonstrate considerable differences in isotope values between cross-sectional segments of a single fragment, by up to 1.3‰ for carbon and 1.8‰ for nitrogen, illustrating the need for standardised sampling strategies. Remodelling also varies between bone sections, occurring predominantly within the endosteal portion, followed by the midcortical and periosteal. Therefore, the endosteal portion likely reflects a shorter period of life closer to the time of death, consistent with expectations. By contrast, the periosteal surface provides a longer average, though there were exceptions to this. Results revealed a weak negative correlation between osteon population density and δ15N or δ13C, confirming that remodelling has an effect on isotope values but is not the principal driver. However, a consistent elevation of δ15N and δ13C (0.5‰ average) was found between the endosteal and periosteal regions, which requires further investigation. These findings suggest that, with further research, there is potential for single bone fragments to reconstruct in-life dietary change and mobility, thus reducing destructive sampling.
Novel hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 inhibitor KHK-6 enhances T-cell activation
Authors: Ahn Min Jeong , Kim Eun Hye , Choi Yunha , Chae Chong Hak , Kim Pilho , Kim Seong Hwan
Published: June 2024

Inhibiting the functional role of negative regulators in immune cells is an effective approach for developing immunotherapies. The serine/threonine kinase hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) involved in the T-cell receptor signaling pathway attenuates T-cell activation by inducing the degradation of SLP-76 through its phosphorylation at Ser-376, reducing the immune response. Interestingly, several studies have shown that the genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of HPK1 kinase activity improves the immune response to cancers by enhancing T-cell activation and cytokine production; therefore, HPK1 could be a promising druggable target for T-cell-based cancer immunotherapy. To increase the immune response against cancer cells, we designed and synthesized KHK-6 and evaluated its cellular activity to inhibit HPK1 and enhance T-cell activation. KHK-6 inhibited HPK1 kinase activity with an IC50value of 20 nM and CD3/CD28-induced phosphorylation of SLP-76 at Ser-376 Moreover, KHK-6 significantly enhanced CD3/CD28-induced production of cytokines; proportion of CD4+and CD8+T cells that expressed CD69, CD25, and HLA-DR markers; and T-cell-mediated killing activity of SKOV3 and A549 cells. In conclusion, KHK-6 is a novel ATP-competitive HPK1 inhibitor that blocks the phosphorylation of HPK1 downstream of SLP-76, enhancing the functional activation of T cells. In summary, our study showed the usefulness of KHK-6 in the drug discovery for the HPK1-inhibiting immunotherapy.
Understanding maternal sepsis risk factors and bacterial etiology: A case control study protocol
Authors: Thompson Kelly , Thanh Duy Pham , Hirst Jane E. , Woodward Mark , Thanh Hai Pham , Lien Huong Tran Thi , Tuan Kiet Tao , Thanh Binh Le , Kestelyn Evelyne , Trong Thuan Dang , Harris Katie , My Linh Nguyen Thi , Minh Hien Vu Thi , Thanh Tuyen Ha , Le Quang Thanh , Thwaites Louise
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Maternal disorders are the third leading cause of sepsis globally, accounting for 5.7 million (12%) cases in 2017. There are increasing concerns about the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria commonly causing maternal sepsis. Our aim is to describe the protocol for a clinical and microbiology laboratory study to understand risk factors for and the bacterial etiology of maternal sepsis in a tertiary Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital.

Methods

This case-control study aims to recruit 100 cases and 200 controls at Tu Du Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, which had approximately 55,000 births in 2022. Women aged ≥ 18 years and ≥ 28 weeks gestation having a singleton birth will be eligible for inclusion as cases or controls, unless they have an uncomplicated localised or chronic infection, or an infection with SARS-CoV-2. Cases will include pregnant or recently pregnant women with sepsis recognised between the onset of labour and/or time of delivery/cessation of pregnancy for up to 42 days post-partum. Sepsis will be defined as suspected or confirmed infection with an obstetrically modified Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score of ≥ 2, treatment with intravenous antimicrobials and requested cultures of any bodily fluid. Controls will be matched by age, location, parity, mode of delivery and gestational age. Primary and secondary outcomes are risk factors associated with the development of maternal sepsis, the frequency of adverse outcomes due to maternal sepsis, bacterial etiology and AMR profiles of cases and controls.

Discussion

This study will improve understanding of the epidemiology and clinical implications of maternal sepsis management including the presence of AMR in women giving birth in Vietnam. It will help us to determine whether women in this setting are receiving optimal care and to identify opportunities for improvement.
Can money buy control of Congress?
Authors: Minozzi William , Madson Gabriel J. , Siegel David A.
Published: June 2024

Can a political party spend enough across electoral campaigns to garner a majority within the U.S. Congress? Prior research on campaign spending minimizes the importance of campaign heterogeneity and fails to aggregate effects across campaigns, rendering it unable to address this question. Instead, we tackle the question with a system-level analysis of campaign expenditures. First, using a flexible machine learning approach, we show that spending has substantial and nonlinear marginal effects on outcomes at the level of the campaign. Second, by aggregating these effects to the entire U.S. Congress, we show that large seat swings that change congressional control have, in the past, been possible for expenditure levels consonant with those presently observed after having removed the most extreme levels. However, this possibility appears to have faded over the past decade. Our approach also allows us to illustrate the often significant effects that eliminating campaign spending could have.
Prevalence of occult hepatitis B infection among treatment-naive persons living with HIV in Ghana
Authors: Salia Emmanuel , Nartey Yvonne Ayerki , Djankpa Francis Tanam , Pappoe Faustina , Nuvor Samuel Victor , Obiri-Yeboah Dorcas
Published: June 2024

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) constitutes a significant global health challenge, with more than 2 billion people infected globally and almost 291 million chronic cases. In Africa, coinfection of HBV with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is high, yet the condition remains overlooked in many countries. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved HIV survival, viral hepatitis continues to contribute to morbidity and mortality. Occult Hepatitis B infection (OBI), characterized by a low-level of HBV DNA in individuals with negative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), is an emerging concern among HIV seropositive individuals due to the risk of HBV reactivation and associated complications, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ghana has an estimated HBV/HIV coinfection prevalence of 13.6% making it important to also determine potential cases of OBI. This study aims to assess OBI prevalence in persons living with HIV (PLHIV). A cross-sectional study was conducted in five health facilities in the Cape Coast Metropolis. HBV-related serological markers were determined among 116 PLHIV using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. HBV DNA was extracted from 30 participants found to be HBsAg negative but positive for hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb+). Nested PCR was employed in detecting HBV DNA and HBV viral load was performed using qPCR. The median age of the participants was 37 years (IQR 22–65). Serologically, 7.8% (n = 9, 95% CI: 3.5–22.7), 12.1% (n = 14), and 25.9% (n = 30) tested positive for solely HBsAg, HBsAb, and HBcAb respectively. OBI prevalence among HBsAg-/HBcAb+ participants was 16.7% (n = 5, 95% CI: 6.5–23.7) with a median HBV DNA level of 139.2 IU/ml (IQR, 96.7–142.0). The prevalence of OBI among HIV-positive participants in the Cape Coast Metropolis highlights the need to consider screening for HBV among HIV patients using nucleic acid amplification tests. This can inform medical management and reduce the risk of liver complications, including HCC.
Quantitative proteomics analysis reveals possible anticancer mechanisms of 5’-deoxy-5’-methylthioadenosine in cholangiocarcinoma cells
Authors: Kerdkumthong Kankamol , Nanarong Sutthipong , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Pitakpornpreecha Thanawat , Tantimetta Phonprapavee , Runsaeng Phanthipha , Obchoei Sumalee
Published: June 2024

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive cancer originating from bile duct epithelium, particularly prevalent in Asian countries with liver fluke infections. Current chemotherapy for CCA often fails due to drug resistance, necessitating novel anticancer agents. This study investigates the potential of 5’-deoxy-5’-methylthioadenosine (MTA), a naturally occurring nucleoside, against CCA. While MTA has shown promise against various cancers, its effects on CCA remain unexplored. We evaluated MTA’s anticancer activity in CCA cell lines and drug-resistant sub-lines, assessing cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. The potential anticancer mechanisms of MTA were explored through proteomic analysis using LC-MS/MS and bioinformatic analysis. The results show a dose-dependent reduction in CCA cell viability, with enhanced effects on cancer cells compared to normal cells. Moreover, MTA inhibits growth, induces apoptosis, and suppresses cell migration and invasion. Additionally, MTA enhanced the anticancer effects of gemcitabine on drug-resistant CCA cells. Proteomics revealed the down-regulation of multiple proteins by MTA, affecting various molecular functions, biological processes, and cellular components. Network analysis highlighted MTA’s role in inhibiting proteins related to mitochondrial function and energy derivation, crucial for cell growth and survival. Additionally, MTA suppressed proteins involved in cell morphology and cytoskeleton organization, important for cancer cell motility and metastasis. Six candidate genes, including ZNF860, KLC1, GRAMD1C, MAMSTR, TANC1, and TTC13, were selected from the top 10 most down-regulated proteins identified in the proteomics results and were subsequently verified through RT-qPCR. Further, KLC1 protein suppression by MTA treatment was confirmed through Western blotting. Additionally, based on TCGA data, KLC1 mRNA was found to be upregulated in the tissue of CCA patients compared to that of normal adjacent tissues. In summary, MTA shows promising anticancer potential against CCA by inhibiting growth, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing migration and invasion, while enhancing gemcitabine’s effects. Proteomic analysis elucidates possible molecular mechanisms underlying MTA’s anticancer activity, laying the groundwork for future research and development of MTA as a treatment for advanced CCA.
Coping and end-of-life decision-making in ALS: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Spoden Celia , Wenzel Olga , Erdmann Anke , Neitzke Gerald , Hirschberg Irene
Published: June 2024

How do people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (PALS) deal with their diagnosis and engage in end-of-life decision-making? What informational or supportive needs do they have for counselling about life-sustaining treatment and end-of-life care? Which correlating conditions and influences relate to these needs and how do they connect to the wish to die or wish to live? We conducted a qualitative interview study with 13 people with ALS in Germany from March 2019 to April 2021. Data collection and analysis followed a grounded theory-based approach and revealed close relationships between coping, informational needs and the preparedness for decision-making. We identified the coping strategies ‘avoid thinking about end-of-life’ and its counterpart, ‘planning ahead to be well-prepared,’ and differentiated the latter into the patterns ‘withdrawing from life and taking precautions against life-prolongation’ and ‘searching for a new meaning in life and preparing for life-sustaining treatment’. The approaches are based on individual perceptions, attitudes and motives and can be positively/negatively reinforced by healthcare professionals (HCP), family and other interpersonal networks, but also by disease progression and in reaction to health care services. Type and degree of needs concerning information and counselling differed according to coping strategies. These strategies may vary over time, resulting in different support needs. Our findings signify that deep insight is needed into PALS‘ coping processes to understand their decision-making about life-sustaining treatment. Healthcare professionals should be sensitive to illness experiences beyond medical aspects and foster coping as a biographical process to better support people with ALS.
Optimization of “vehicle-UAV” joint distribution routing for cold chain logistics considering risk of epidemic spreading and green cost
Authors: Liu Gang , Liu Qian , Guo Hao , Xiang Ming , Sang Jinyan
Published: June 2024

To address the epidemic, such as COVID-19, the government may implement the home quarantine policy for the infected residents. The logistics company is required to control the risk of epidemic spreading while delivering goods to residents. In this case, the logistics company often uses vehicles and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for delivery. This paper studies the distribution issue of cold chain logistics by integrating UAV logistics with epidemic risk management innovatively. At first, a "vehicle-UAV" joint distribution mode including vehicles, small UAVs and large UAVs, is proposed. The green cost for vehicles and UAVs is calculated, respectively. The formula for infection risk due to large numbers of residents gathering at distribution centers to pick up goods is then derived. Furthermore, based on the control of infection risk, an optimization model is developed to minimize the total logistics cost. A modified ant colony algorithm is designed to solve the model. The numerical results show that the maximum acceptable risk and the crowd management level of distribution centers both have significant effects on the distribution network, logistics cost and number of new infections. Our study provides a new management method and technical idea for ensuring the needs of residents during the epidemic.
Circuits for anesthesia, unawareness, OIRD, sleep and memory replay:

MHb→IPN→ PAG + DRN + MRN→claustrum→ cortical slow-waves.
Authors: Vadovičová Karin
Published: June 2024

Opiates are fast pain relievers that can cause respiratory arrest. I show new mechanisms how mu-opioids and high prenatal nicotine cause respiratory slowdown linked to slow wave sleep. Mu-opioids activate the medial habenula which activates the interpeduncular nucleus. The MHb-IPN system decreases respiration and alarm/arousal response to hypercapnia by projections to PAG, DRN, MRN and MRN→LPO→RMTg→vPAG. The same MHb-IPN circuit that causes respiratory slowdown, likely causes ventilatory deficits in mammalian neonates, known as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), linked to high fetal nicotine intake. Natural slowdown of respiration and heart rate is caused by slow wave sleep, when body is not moving. The MHb and rostromedial tegmental nucleus are known for high amount of mu-opioid receptors. Both were claimed to be activated by the MHb→IPN→MRN circuit that activates serotonin release, promotes slow SWS, rest, immune defense, recovery, sharp wave ripples, cortical spindles, replay of temporaly, spatialy and relationally bound memories, synaptogenesis, BDNF linked growth and DG neurogenesis, but inhibits theta states, arousal, alert wakefulness, awareness and REM sleep linked circuits (Vadovičová, 2015).This updated circuit model explains role of the MHb→IPN→MRN→hippocampus + claustrum→cortical slow wave activity (SWA) in anesthesia, memory replay, loss of awareness, SWS and in theta states suppression. I proposed new mechanisms for anesthetic ketamine effect: activation of the IPN→MRN→claustrum→cortical SWA circuit by the 5-HT2a IPN and claustrum receptors. I show why are ketamine and hallucinogens anxiolytic and antidepressant, andhow activation of 5-HT2a receptors in vACC/infralimbic cortex increases the safety, well-beingsignal, and cognitive flexibility.
Multifocal Contact Lenses
Authors: Gujaničić Kasandra
Published: June 2024

Presbyopia, a common age-related visual condition, presents challenges in near-vision correction. This study aims to investigate the impact of presbyopia diagnosis on near-vision correction, particularly focusing on the use of multifocal contact lenses. Additionally, this study compares the visual acuity of subjects wearing spectacles and multifocal contact lenses. A literature review was conducted to understand current practices and challenges in presbyopia management. A clinical study included 20 subjects, who had never worn multifocal contact lenses. Eight out of 20 subjects wear progressive spectacles. The research involved crucial examinations (Interview with subjects, ocular health examination, refraction, fitting), followed by further tests to conduct a thorough study and necessary comparisons of visual acuity. These findings indicated that presbyopes over 55 years of age may have lower near-visual acuity with multifocal contact lenses than with spectacles. Subjective feedback from subjects revealed that multifocal contact lenses were perceived as more comfortable compared to spectacles, with reduced peripheral aberrations. However, a subset of subjects preferred spectacles due to better near-visual acuity. Further research is necessary to enhance near-vision correction strategies for this demographic.
Alianças e saberes afro-indígena-diaspóricos
Authors: Souza Angela Maria de , Santana Janaina de Jesus Lopes , Silva Ronaldo
Published: June 2024

Este texto repousa em uma análise dos estudos pós-coloniais sobre o exercício do saber e suas alianças afro-indígena-diaspórica. Assumimos como inferência qualitativa de estudo de caso, o grupo de rapper Koa Ha'e da cidade de Assunção – Paraguai, como prática de ecologia do saber de epistemologia do sul, que utiliza das suas experiências e vivências sociopolítico-culturais, o apego local enquanto condição de manifestação de saberes epistemológicos ladinoamefricanos. Compreendemos que a narrativa do Rap, à exemplo do grupo Koa Ha'e em sua ladinoamefricanidade, manifesta um sistema de referências culturais, sociais e políticos de nossos antepassados contra o apagamento e silenciamento de corpos físico-psicolinguísticos e seus signos e significados ladinoamefricanos.
Conjuntura política e cotidiano prisional: a plataforma política da Aliança Liberal ressignificada na luta dos presos comuns da Casa de Detenção do Recife (1930-1935)
Authors: Britto Aurélio de
Published: June 2024

Este artigo examina a correlação entre os acontecimentos da Revolução de 1930 e a organização política dos presos comuns na Casa de Detenção do Recife. Inicialmente, buscamos compreender como a temática prisional foi instrumentaliza pela Aliança Liberal para expor politicamente o governo de Estácio Coimbra. Em seguida, escrutinamos como os presos utilizaram essa retórica política para pressionar e demandar os gestores da prisão e a própria interventoria. Para tanto, analisaremos a trajetória institucional do preso comum Claudino Augusto da Silva, um conhecido criminoso da cidade e liderança política na prisão. Entendemos que sua atuação política na prisão permite trazer à baila aspectos ainda pouco explorados pela história das prisões no contexto da Era Vargas.
The potential of collaborative online international learning as a border thinking third space for global citizenship education
Authors: Wimpenny Katherine , Jacobs Lynette , Dawson Mark , Hagenmeier Cornelius
Published: June 2024

In this article, we examine the potential of collaborative online international learning as a borderland third space for global citizenship education. Border thinking is used as a mode of critical questioning and reflection of ways of relating to the world, of feeling, acting, living and inhabiting the world that emanates from plural knowledges disrupting modernity and repositioning alternative knowledge traditions. After discussing the central concepts of collaborative online international learning and global citizenship education, and unpacking border thinking and third space as a lens, we provide four illustrative autoethnographic vignettes from which we then discuss collaborative online international learning and global citizenship education critically. We conclude that by bringing together students to engage in a collaborative learning task that they would be unable to complete on their own, participants have a personal and collective opportunity to appreciate each other’s microsocial realities better. We argue that the potential for becoming in the collective borderlands of collaborative online international learning can deepen students’ learning and understanding of global citizenship education as inclusive, decolonising, Indigenising, critical and transformative. However, collaborative online international learning for global citizenship education should not be deployed uncritically as an online pedagogy, assuming inclusivity. Rather, it can be a core component of holistic learning practice, if it is deliberately used as a borderland third space where valuable learning through reflection and openness to discomfort advances a global mindset.
Dynamic Monitoring of Ecological Quality in Eastern Ukraine Amidst the Russia‐Ukraine Conflict
Authors: Zhang Chaofei , Xu Zhanghua , Yang Yuanyao , Sun Lei , Li Haitao
Published: June 2024

To evaluate the spatiotemporal changes in the ecological environment of eastern Ukraine since the Russia-Ukraine conflict, this study used MODIS images from March to September 2020 and 2022 to calculate the Remote Sensing-Based Ecological Index. In 2022, compared with 2020, conflict
zones exhibited reduced improvement and increased slight degradation, whereas nonconflict areas showed marginal enhancement. Through propensity score matching, the research confirmed the causal relationship between conflict and ecological trends. Pathway analysis revealed that the conflict
contributed to 0.016 units increase in ecological quality while reducing the improvement rate by 0.042 units. This study provides empirical support for understanding the correlation between conflicts and specific environmental factors, offering technical references for ecological quality assessments
in other conflict areas and future evaluations by the Ukrainian government.
A Surface Water Extraction Method Integrating Spectral and Temporal Characteristics
Authors: Zou Yebin
Published: June 2024

Remote sensing has been applied to observe large areas of surface water to obtain higher-resolution and long-term continuous observation records of surface water. However, limitations remain in the detection of large-scale and multi-temporal surface water mainly due to the high variability
in water surface signatures in space and time. In this study, we developed a surface water remote sensing information extraction model that integrates spectral and temporal characteristics to extract surface water from multi-dimensional data of long-term Landsat scenes to explore the spatiotemporal
changes in surface water over decades. The goal is to extract open water in vegetation, clouds, terrain shadows, and other land cover backgrounds from medium-resolution remote sensing images. The average overall accuracy and average kappa coefficient of the classification were verified to
be 0.91 and 0.81, respectively. Experiments applied to China’s inland arid area have shown that the method is effective under complex surface environmental conditions.
Assessing the Utility of Uncrewed Aerial System Photogrammetrically Derived Point Clouds for Land Cover Classification in the Alaska North Slope
Authors: Liu Jung-kuan , Qin Rongjun , Arundel Samantha T.
Published: June 2024

Uncrewed aerial systems (UASs) have been used to collect “pseudo field plot” data in the form of large-scale stereo imagery to supplement and bolster direct field observations to monitor areas in Alaska. These data supplement field data that is difficult to collect in such
a vast landscape with a relatively short field season. Dense photogrammetrically derived point clouds are created and are facilitated to extract land cover data using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier in this study. We test our approach using point clouds derived from 1-cm stereo imagery
of plots in the Alaska North Slope region and compare the results to field observations. The results show that the overall accuracy of six land cover classes (bare soil, shrub, grass, forb/herb, rock, and litter) is 96.8% from classified patches. Shrub had the highest accuracy (>99%)
and forb/herb achieved the lowest (<48%). This study reveals that the approach could be used as reference data to check field observations in remote areas.
GIS Tips & Tricks ‐ USGS Adds 100K Topo Scale to OnDemand Map Products
Authors: Doumbouya Ariel
Published: June 2024

For this months GIS Tips & Tricks, we are revisiting the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Map topoBuilder tool. topoBuilder was featured in this column shortly after its initial release in October 2022. Since then, topoBuilder has become the “goto” application
for USGS topographic maps and recently updated to accommodate even more features. This month, our guest columnist, Ariel Doumbouya, USGS, provides an update and tutorial to some new features in topoBuilder.
Microplastic Pollution in Mindanao's Taguibo River Watershed Forest Reserve: Characterization, and Distribution Patterns, and Implications for Freshwater Ecosystem Conservation
Authors: Tuquero Banda Marybeth Hope , Cumba Olayon Mary Cena , apere Inocente Sherley Ann , Masaya Segovia Jasyon Leigh , Bedoya Nelieta Arnejo , Bigcas Evelyn Varquez , Disalongan Lomantong Abdul-Nasser , Bacsarpa Charmjill Yap , Candilada Aporbo Jhon Carlo , Reble Darlene Magante , Bacosa Hernando Pactao , Lubguban Arnold Ano-os , Capangpangan Rey Yonson
Published: June 2024

Despite increasing awareness of microplastic pollution and the harm it brings to terrestrial ecosystems and human body, few research works have examined how it contributes to freshwater environments, particularly forest reserves. Microplastic presence and characteristics were examined in Mindanao's Taguibo River Watershed Forest Reserve (TRWFR). Three (3) sampling sites along the river stretch were chosen. Analysis of water and sediment samples found microplastic abundances at 477.78 ± 182.83 pa/m3 and 17.04 ± 14.80 pa/kg, respectively. These microplastics varied in size, shape, and color. A total of 9 and 7 color variations were detected from water and sediment samples, respectively. Brown (43.02%) and black (17.44%), and fibers (39.53%) and films (24.42%) were the most common microplastics from water samples. White (30.43%), and blue and brown (21.74%), and filament (69.57%) were the most common microplastics from sediment samples. FTIR-ATR spectroscopy described the microplastics further. A total of 13 polymer types were identified in water samples, while 8 polymer types were identified in sediment samples. Polymer types such as polyacetylene and regenerated cellulose fibers were mostly found in water samples; and polypropylene and regenerated cellulose fibers from sediment samples. This study shows microplastic pollution in the TRWFR. Microplastic incidence and distribution patterns vary among collection locations, suggesting some areas are more susceptible to pollution. This work improves our understanding of freshwater microplastic contamination and underscores the need to monitor and reduce microplastic pollution to preserve the ecological balance in the Taguibo River and its surroundings.
Progressiveness of LAZISMU Jombang: Utilization-Accountability of Sadaqah Maslahah Funds
Authors: Ramadhanti Nadzifah Amilia , Choiri Muttaqin
Published: June 2024

Abstract: Zakat, infaq, and sadaqah (ZIS) influence the people's economy because they have a strategic role in alleviating poverty. Several cases of misappropriation of zakat funds some time ago caused a lack of public trust in an amil zakat institution. So, the utilization and accountability of funds in an accountable and transparent manner, especially infaq and sadaqah, which are flexible, is essential. This writing aims to determine the utilization and accountability of funds in the maslahah alms program at the Muhammadiyah Amil Zakat Institution (LAZISMU) Jombang Regency according to Government Regulation 14 of 2014. This writing method uses field research, descriptive in nature, with a normative juridical approach. Data collection used is observation, interview, and documentation. Data analysis is inductive, which involves analyzing data based on the data obtained and then developing a specific relationship pattern. The result of this writing is that the application of PP 14 of 2014 in LAZISMU Jombang is in accordance with utilizing alms funds for maslahah needs which are in the form of necessities and utilization for employee loans used for employee maintenance or urgent employee needs whose purpose is for benefit. In addition, accountability has also been implemented with a report made every six months.Abstrak: Zakat, infak dan sedekah (ZIS) memiliki pengaruh terhadap perekonomian umat karena memiliki peranan yang sangat strategis dalam upaya mengentaskan kemiskinan. Adanya beberapa kasus penyelewengan dana zakat beberapa waktu lalu menyebabkan kurangnya kepercayaan masyarakat pada suatu lembaga amil zakat. Sehingga pemanfaatan dan pertanggungjawaban dana secara akuntabel dan transparan terutama infak dan sedekah yang sifatnya fleksibel sangat diperlukan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan dan pertanggungjawaban dana pada program sedekah maslahah pada Lembaga Amil Zakat Muhammadiyah (LAZISMU) Kabupaten Jombang menurut Peraturan Pemerintah 14 Tahun 2014. Metode penulisan ini menggunakan penulisan lapangan atau field research, bersifat deskriptif, dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang bersifat induktif dengan menganalisis berdasarkan data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dikembangan dengan pola hubungan tertentu. Hasil penulisan ini yaitu penerapan PP 14 tahun 2014 di LAZISMU Jombang sudah sesuai dengan memanfaatkan dana sedekah untuk kebutuhan maslahah dimana berupa sembako dan pemanfaatan untuk pinjaman karyawan yang digunakan untuk maintanance karyawan atau kebutuhan mendesak karyawan yang tujuannya untuk kemaslahahan. Selain itu, mengenai pertanggunjawaban juga sudah diterapkan dengan adanya laporan yang dibuat selama enam bulan sekali.
Revitalizing Ecotourism in Indonesia: A Green Economy Vision Through the Lens of Fiqh Biah
Authors: Jakiyudin Ahmad Havid , Wibisono Vina Fithriana , Ma'shuma Mufliha Ramadia
Published: June 2024

Abstract: The existence of ecotourism in Indonesia needs a massive boost. Thus far, the development of ecotourism has yet to be optimal despite its significant implications in responding to the achievement of a green economy. Ecotourism offers uniqueness by prioritizing environmental conservation as a selling point and requires an appropriate development model. This research aims to address the challenges of ecotourism development based on a green economy using the alternative Fiqh Biah model. A qualitative research method with a qualitative content analysis approach was employed. The content analysis focused on ecotourism in Indonesia, the Green Economy, and Fiqh Biah. The results indicate an interconnection between ecotourism and the Green Economy regarding impacts on the economic, social, and environmental sectors. The suggested construction for ecotourism development includes: 1) Hima’: an alternative for forest-based ecotourism development, 2) Harim: a protection and mitigation system for ecotourism, and 3) Ihya al-Mawat: an opportunity to create new ecotourism by utilizing abandoned land. Abstrak: Eksistensi ekowisata di Indonesia perlu didorong lebih massif. Sejauh ini, pengembagan ekowisata belum maksimal. Meskipun implikasinya sangat besar dalam merespon pencapaian green economy. Sebab ekowisata tidak hanya mempunyai keunikan, yaitu mengutamakan konservasi lingkungan sebagai nilai jual. Konstruksi model pengembangan ekowisata yang tepat sangat diperlukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab tantangan pengembangan ekowisata yang berasis green economy menggunakan alternatif model Fiqh Biah. Metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan qualitative content analysis. Analisis konten yang dimaksudkan berfokus pada topik ekowisata di Indonesia, green economy dan Fiqh Biah.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interkoneksi antara ecotourism dan green economy dari segi dampak pada sektor ekonomi, social dan lingkungan. Kemudian konstruksi yang disarankan untuk pengembangan ekowisata meliputi: 1) hima’: sebagai alternatif pengembangan ekowisata berbasis hutan, 2) Harim : sebagai sisten proteksi dan mitigasi ekowisata, dan 3) Ihya al-Mawat: menjadi peluang untuk menciptakan ekowisata baru dengan memanfaatkan tanah terlantar.
Epistimologi Burhani Al-Ghazali dan Ibnu Rusyd : Studi Komparasi
Authors: Niki Sutoyib  , Achmad Khudori Soleh
Published: June 2024

Dalam penelitian ini nantinya akan menganalisis pemikiran Al-Ghazali berasal dari golongan Timur  dan Ibnu Rusyd berasal dari golongan Barat tentang logika (Burhani), yang mana memiliki perbedaan antara kedua tokoh tersebut menyangkutkan tentang epistimologi burhaninya, menurut pandangan Al-Ghazali wahyu itu memiliki kredibilitas yang pasti dibandingkan dengan akal, karena wahyu bersumber dari tuhan, nah disini Ibnu Rusyd berpandanganbahwa wahyu dan rasional itu saling melengkapi satu sama lain, karena tanpa rasional akal wahyu tidak akan dapat di pahami. Tujuan penelitian ini memberikan jawaban secara ilmiah tentang pemikiran kedua tokoh tersebut dalam hal filsafat Islam, serta memberikan bacaan refleksi untuk khalayak masyarakat secara umum. Metode yang digunaka dalam penelitian ini adalah (Library Research). Hasil dari penelitian ini menghasilkan empat model paradigma, 1) mengenai penjabaran epistimologi burhani baik mengenai sumber, metode dan verifikasinya, 2) pemikiran burhani menurut pendangan al-ghazali baik mengenai sumber, metode, verifikasi dan kedudukan wahyu, 3) pemikiran burhani menurut Ibnu Rusyd baik mengenai sumber, metode, verifikasi dan kedudukan wahyu, lalu akan di sajikan mengenai epistimologi kedua tokoh tersebut baik persaman dan perbedaan yang menyangkut dalam ranah epistimologi burhani, serta kedudukan akal tersediri dalam perspektif kedua tokoh tersebut.
Berufliche Eingliederung geburtenstarker Jahrgänge in den Regionen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Authors: Derenbach Rolf
Published: June 2024

Die berufliche Eingliederung der nachwachsenden Generation stellt seit Mitte der 70er Jahre eine der schwerwiegendsten Probleme gesellschaftlicher Entwicklung in der Bundesrepublik dar. Demographische Gründe (Eintritt geburtenstarker Jahrgänge in das Erwerbsleben) im Verbund mit geringerem ökonomischen Wachstum haben diese Situation hervorgerufen, die bis weit in die 90er Jahre anhält. In diesem Beitrag wird nun versucht, die regionale Dimension dieses Problemfeldes herauszuarbeiten. Es werden zunächst die regionalen Disparitäten beim Zugang zu betrieblichen und sonstigen Ausbildungsplätzen dargestellt. Im Anschluß daran wird die zweite Schwelle (von der Berufsbildung in die Berufsstartposition) am Beispiel der Entwicklung der Arbeitslosigkeit von jungen Erwerbspersonen im regionalen Vergleich untersucht. Bei beiden Schwellen zeigt sich, daß der berufliche Eingliederungsprozeß nicht nur global/zeitbedingt sondern auch durch regionale Gegebenheiten gefährdet ist. Im zweiten Teil des Beitrages werden die Mechanismen des Prozesses beruflicher Eingliederung angesprochen.Es werden dabei vier „Integrationsfelder“ unterschieden und zwarIntegrationsfeld „Generationenwechsel“Integrationsfeld „Berufliche und regionale Mobilität“Integrationsfeld „Selbständigkeit und neue Formen des Arbeitsplatzwachstums“.Abschließend werden die wichtigsten Prinzipien einer von den Regionen durchgeführten Politik zur Verbesserung der beruflichen Eingliederung angesprochen.
Gyratory Seizures in Hypothalamic Hamartoma
Authors: Hamza Ashique , Sureshbabu Sachin , NC Krishnadas , Narayanan Poornima , Pillai Deep P
Published: June 2024

Gyratory seizures (GS) are a rare seizure type characterized by body rotation of ≥180° around its vertical axis. While GS have been documented in various epileptic syndromes, their occurrence in association with hypothalamic hamartomas (HH) has not been reported previously. This case report introduces the first documented instance of GS in a patient with a HH, a non-neoplastic tumor originating from the tuber cinereum. The patient, a 25-year-old female, with a history of recurrent seizures since childhood, initially presented with gelastic seizures, marked by inappropriate laughter, and subsequent evolution of symptoms including right oculocephalic version and gyratory seizures to the right side. Despite multiple antiepileptic medications, seizures persisted. Neuroimaging revealed a HH in the right hypothalamic region. The presence of polydactyly prompted consideration of Pallister Hall syndrome (PHS). PHS is an autosomal dominant condition linked to GLI3 gene mutations. While some features of PHS were absent in this case, the presence of both gelastic and gyratory seizures indicated the hypothalamus as the lesion site, despite inconclusive electroencephalogram findings. This report underscores the novel association of GS with HH and highlights the importance of considering PHS in patients with HH and polydactyly presenting with gelastic and gyratory seizures. Understanding GS in HH may offer insights into broader hypothalamic lesion-related epileptic phenomena.