bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of Moringa oleifera leaves on the quality of Bali bulls semen
Authors: Jamili M A , Toleng A L , Yusuf M , Sahiruddin  , Masturi  , Hasrin
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) as a feed supplement on the semen quality of Bali bulls. The study was divided into two periods of 8 weeks (before and after) the supplementation of MOL. Four Bali bulls, weighing 250-350 kg, aged 3 to 4 years old were used in this study. At the second period (treatment period), the bulls were supplemented with dried MOL 0.1% of body weight. Semen was collected from the bulls once a week using an artificial vagina. The parameters in this study were macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of semen. Macroscopically evaluation of semen consisted of volume, pH, color, and viscosity. Microscopically evaluation of semen included mass movement, total sperms motility, and semen concentration. Microscopic evaluation of semen was conducted using Computer- Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA). Furthermore, the data obtained were analyzed using SPSS with a Paired T-Test Sample design model. The results of this study showed that the quality of Bali bulls semen that supplemented with MOL had significantly (P<0.01) higher than the control group, both macroscopic and microscopic evaluation. Supplementation of MOL enhanced volume, color, viscosity, mass movement, sperm motility, sperm concentration of Bali bulls’ semen. In a conclusion, supplementation of MOL in the feeding of Bali bulls improved the semen quality.
Reducing air pollution from broiler farms
Authors: Hidayat C , Purwanti S , Komarudin  , Rahman
Published: June 2021

Broiler farms are the main supplier of national meat needs in Indonesia. Production of broilers in Indonesia continues to increase every year as a consequence of the Indonesian population increase. The main issue in animal production is environmental pollution including in broiler production. This study aimed to identify the source of air pollution related to broiler farms and how to overcome air pollution from broiler farms. The result of the study showed that there were several primary air pollutions from broiler farms, i.e., the pollution from emissions of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, greenhouse gasses, odor, and dust. Generally, air pollution from the broiler farm resulted mainly from broiler manure. It has been concluded that manure management is the main way in the reduction of air pollution from broiler farms. Management of feeding is the other way to reduce air pollution from broiler farms, it is because the air pollution from broiler manure resulted from excess nutrients from feed which released through manure. Applicating feed additives and waste additive is the other way which recommendation to reduce air pollution from broiler farms, besides other kinds of approaches.
Chemical analysis of duck bone meal (Anatidae) from traditional food processing waste typical of Sidrap
Authors: Qisti N , Muslimin I , Jumarni  , Najah Z
Published: June 2021

Sidrap Regency in South Sulawesi Province has special food, namely Palekko’, which has duck as raw material. The number of palekko’ stalls in Sidrap will raise concerns about the waste generated because there is no treatment at all. This waste will increasingly pollute the environment, if not managed properly. Therefore, the processing is carried out, namely the manufacture of duck bone meal. This duck bone meal was analyzed by chemical analysis to compare it with the SNI for the bone meal and other bone meal that had been tested. This research was conducted to know the potential use of duck bone meal to be maximized through chemical analysis. The chemical analysis carried out was the test of moisture, protein, fat, crude fiber, ash content, calcium, and phosphorus (P2O5). The results of the chemical analysis obtained were moisture, protein, fat, crude fiber, ash, calcium, and phosphorus content (P2O5) respectively, namely 2.01%, 33.33%, 12.38%, 2.78%, 41.66%, 2.53% and 6.24%. Then it compared with SNI a duck bone meal and others. The results obtained bone powder duck has the potential to be applied optimally produce products made from the bone meal of duck with doing some treatment to improve their quality.
The risk of helminth infections at Endangered Primate Rescue Center, Cuc Phuong National Park Vietnam
Authors: Vu Hoai-Nam , Cong Ha-My , Tran Nam-Trieu , Vo Duy-Thanh , Rowley C , Anh Le T L , Nguyen Thi-Nhien , Bui Khanh-Linh
Published: June 2021

To clarify the transmission route of parasitic infections in primates at Endangered Primate Rescue Center, Cuc Phuong National Park, we investigated the prevalence of intestinal helminths in leaf and dog fecal samples collected in the surrounding areas of the center. By morphological analysis, only Ancylostoma spp. and Isospora spp. were detected in leaf samples, with the infection rate of 7.07% and 1.01% respectively. In addition, survey on 156 dog feces samples showed that the overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was quite high (73.55%). Ancylostoma spp has the highest prevalence (68.39%), followed by Toxocara spp. (25.81%), Trichuris spp. (10.97%), Isospora spp. (7.1%) and Taenia spp (3.87%).
Detection of coliform bacteria, total plate count and pH value in chicken eggs from Maros traditional market
Authors: Isnawaida  , Yuliati F N , Prahesti K I , Malaka R , Hajrawati
Published: June 2021

Indonesian consumers generally buy chicken eggs in traditional markets. Mostly, the traditional markets were less clean places, making it easier for bacterial contamination to the commodity. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of Coliform bacteria, Total Plate Count (TPC) and pH value of chicken eggs from the traders in traditional markets in Maros regency. Chicken egg samples were obtained from 3 traditional markets in Maros Regency, each from 3 sellers and 3 replications. The number of coliform bacteria was determined using Brilliance Agar media while the TPC was determined using Plate Count Agar. The pH value was measured using a pH meter. The research method used was a pour plate to count Coliform and TPC bacteria then analyzed descriptively and presented in tabular form. The pH value was analyzed using analysis of variance and further test of the least significant difference. Based on SNI-3926-2008 regarding the microbiological quality requirements of fresh eggs, all egg samples met the Coliform and TPC bacteria standard, with the number of 1.1×101 and 2.3×104, respectively. The pH of eggs was still in the normal range with an average of 7.1 although the type of market affects the pH of the eggs. All egg samples studied based on Coliform bacteria, TPC and pH were categorized as safe for consumption.
Effects of different levels of defoliation on growth and production of Cichorium intybus
Authors: Parjana H O , Umami N , Suhartanto B , Suseno N , Hanim C , Astuti A , Agus A , Tilova A M
Published: June 2021

The study was conducted to evaluate the growth and production of cichory (Cichorium intybus L.) on different levels of defoliation. Experiments were carried out at forage facilities owned by Laboratory of Animal Forages and Pasture at Faculty of Animal Science UGM. One-way completely randomized design was employed on the experiment, with a follow up of Duncan Multiple Range Test on statistically different results. Variables observed on this study are vegetative phase-growth and biomass production. Chicory (aged 7 months; and on 8th regrowth) were planted on 1 × 1.5 m2 plots, with 3 replication. Defoliation treatments were performed on different levels, i.e., 2.5 cm, 5 cm, and 10 cm above the ground surface. Chicory were cut on day-21. All data obtained from the experiment were subjected to variance analysis. The results showed that different levels of defoliation affected plant length, leaf length, leaf width, number of buds, and biomass production significantly (P<0.05). The highest biomass production was observed on Cichorium intybus which defoliated on the 10 cm above the ground surface, yielding 13.40 ton/ha fresh production, 1.09 ton/ha dry matter (DM), and 0.88 ton/ha organic matter (OM). According to this study, defoliation on 2.5 cm above the ground surface produced smaller growth and biomass production than groups defoliated on 5 and 10 cm, yet showed the highest number of buds.
Forage potential and carrying capacity of Indigofera sp and Pennisetum purpureum
Authors: Saking N , Ruba K , Qomariyah N
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to find out the forage potential and cattle carrying capacity under Indigofera sp and Pennisetum Purpureum forage plants. This study was carried out in Technical Implementation Unit of Livestock Breeding and forage development, Provincial Livestock and Animal Health Services of South Sulawesi Province, Pucak Village, Tompobulu Sub District, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi Province in March 2020. This study used survey method and purposive sampling every 1 m2 with a sample distance of 30 until 50 m or an average of 40 meters. This study identified forage in the area of Indigofera sp and Pennisetum purpureum. Based on the results, the average forage production in Indogofera sp and Pennisetum purpureum areas was 105,000 kg ha−1. The average cattle carrying capacity in Indogofera sp and Pennisetum purpureum areas was 0.14 AU⋅Ha−1⋅year−1. Thus, it can be concluded that the forage potential under the main forage (Indigofera sp and Pennisetum purpureum) was very high but had low utilization.
Relationship of soil physico chemical properties with elevation and geographical directions
Authors: Imran  , Amanullah  , Naveed S , Khan I , Sajid M , Mahmood T , Hussain I , Ilyas M , Ali I , Ullah S , Kamal A , Altawaha A R , Al-Tawaha A R , Thangadurai D , Sangeetha J , Rauf A , Saranraj P , Al-Sultan W , AL-Taey D K A , Refat  , Youssef A , Sirajuddin S N , Hastang
Published: June 2021

The core findings of this study revealed that physicochemical properties fluctuate with soil texture and soil class. Sandy soil showed inconsistent variation with geographical directions. Bulk density, lime content, EC and pH decreases with topography and soil elevation while these parameters increased from surface to subsurface soil within a profile. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrient increased with increase in elevation. All these parameters decreased from surface to subsurface soil. Water holding capacity and saturation percentage increased with increase in elevation, while decreased from surface to subsurface soil. Based on the critical level of phosphorus, the altitude was low in available P and available P was quite low than the crop requirements and so they will be classified as phosphorus-deficient soils.
The DWR approach review: Measuring the botanical composition of native grassland in East Sumba Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province
Authors: Watuwaya B K , Syamsu J A , Budiman  , Useng D
Published: June 2021

East Sumba Regency is an area with great potential for beef cattle development because of its large area and sufficient local forage resources as feed. Native grassland is a source of forage for ruminants, especially by smallholder farms in rural areas. This review paper aimed to analyze the Dry Weight Rank method as a method of measuring the botanical composition and distribution of forages. Referring to measurements of botanical composition, vegetation on grassland in the experimental plots and field studies can be explained using different parameters (plant density, cover, frequency or yield proportion). Each of the obtained parameters is capable of describing different features, which under certain circumstances may be correlated with each other to some extent, but are not completely equivalent. Therefore, the choice of parameters to be assessed depends on the objectives of the study. The choice of method depends primarily on the accuracy required, the affordability of efforts, and the available resources. The Dry Weight Rank method developed by Lt Mannetje and Haydock is one of the techniques referred to as a tool for measuring the botanical composition of native grassland.
The diversity of insects in opened land utilization with a cultivation of Brachiaria mutica forage in ‘Sentrum Agraris Lotta’
Authors: Rumokoy L J M , Toar W L , Sumolang C , Assa G J V
Published: June 2021

An opened land which has been abandoned could be revitalized by forage cultivation could be a good alternative, but the extent to which the diversity of insects visiting and or engaging in this cultivation was not well known. The presence of insects in Brachiaria mutica cultivation site could play an integrated role on various components of the environment. This study aimed to determine the level of insect diversity found in B. mutica grass cultivation sites on opened land without restriction of solar radiation. The identification of insects in this study was carried out at the family level. The collection of insect visiting and or engaging at the B. mutica cultivation site was carried out at 10 points on the transect line using a pitfall-trap at 5 points A and a swing net trap at 5 points B. The insect diversity was calculated based on the Shannon-Wiener index calculation. The results obtained were fourteen insect families detected at the research location, and the most widely monitored were from the Formicidae family (n=219), followed by Acrididae (n=23), Termitidae (n=17), Tortricidae (n=17), Tettigoniidae (n=15), Pentatomidae (n=16), Culicidae (n=14), while the other families detected were between 1 and 7 individuals. The obtained Shannon-Wiener index value was H’= 1.520 which indicated that the diversity level of insects at the observation site was at a moderate level.
The bureaucratic politics in developing Forest Management Unit (FMU) after the forestry decentralization in South Sulawesi province
Authors: Hermin S L , Sahide M A K , Supratman
Published: June 2021

The construction of Forest Management Unit (FMU) in South Sulawesi province created uncertainty for the FMU development. The institutional transformation of FMU from 16 FMU to 24 FMU has a lag impact development of FMU and waste an invested budget. This study analyzed the formal and informal dimensions of the FMU bureaucracy by using the Weberian tradition to reveal the facts, especially for the main duties, function and authority in forming its institution. The research was conducted at Forestry Service in South Sulawesi province from May up to September 2020. In this case the participants were observed trough the depth interviews and studied the dates of 2019 and 2020 to collect the primary and secondary data; a stakeholder analysis was carried out to achieve the research objectives. The results of the study found 1) The formal dimension in the form of a) Technical Implementation Unit in the area has a difficulty in coordinating the local government due to the resisting of some district governments presence of FMU, b) The FMU operational budget was inadequate and uneven divided proportionally 2) The informal dimension in the form of a) The increase number of FMU was carried out to append the structural positions that were lost due to the Branch of forestry service abolition, b) There were six district Governments were still averse to hand over the forestry assets to the Provincial Government so that the total asset acquisition value was IDR 4,991,898,137.63.
Antioxidant, meat mass protein and meat production of broiler chicken due to synbiotic addition at the ration
Authors: Kismiati S , Sunarti D , Mahfudz L D , Setyaningrum S
Published: June 2021

This study was aimed to examine the level of antioxidant activity, meat protein mass, and meat production of broiler chicken due to synbiotic addition at the ration. This study used unsexed broiler chicken was 144 birds with an initial body weight of 45.68 ±1.52g. The birds placed into 4 treatments and 6 replications with 6 birds per cage and reared for 42 d. The treatment consist of P0 (basal diet without of synbiotic), P1 (basal diet with synbiotic of 1 ml/100g of ration), P2 (basal diet with synbiotic of 2 ml/100g of ration) and P3 (basal diet with synbiotic of 3 ml/100g of ration). The basal diet contains crude protein 22 % and metabolizable energy 3,000 kcal/kg. The completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications was used in this research. The result of this study showed that the increase of synbiotic levels significantly (p<0.05) increase antioxidant, meat protein mass, and meat production of broiler chicken. In conclusion, the level of synbiotic 3 ml/100g of ration (P3) increased antioxidant status, meat protein mass, and meat production.
Substitution of fishmeal with black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L) against the performance of native chickens grower phase
Authors: Wahid A S , Purwanti S , Daryatmo  , Auza F A
Published: June 2021

Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae (Hermetia illucens) is a feed that has a high protein content. The research aims to determine the role of the use of the BSF larvae the performance of a grower-phase poultry that substituted fish flour. A total of 120 4-week-old native chickens were alloted to 5 dietary treatments and 4 replications based on the completely randomized design. The treatment consists of P0 (basal rations + 100% fish flour), P1 (basal rations + 75% fish flour + 25% BSF larvae flour), P2 (basal rations + 50% fish flour + 50% BSF larvae flour), P3 (basal rations + 25% fish flour + 75% BSF larvae flour), P4 (basal rations + 100% BSF larvae flour). The parameters measured were the ration consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein consumption. The study showed that there were significant effect of treatment on feed consumption, the increasing of body weight and protein consumption. It concluded that feeding chicken the basal rations + 25% fish flour + 75% BSF flour can improve the performance of native chickens.
Slaughter weight, carcass and giblets percentage of broiler chicken with addition of Indigofera zollingeriana leaves in feed
Authors: Hafid H , Napirah A , Nuraini  , Febiano M F , Ananda S H
Published: June 2021

This study was aimed to study the addition effect of Indigofera zollingeriana leaves flour in feed on slaughter weight, carcass and giblets percentage of broiler chicken. This research used completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were P0 = control, P1 = feed containing 2% indigofera leaves flour, P2 = feed containing 4% indigofera leaves flour, and P3 = feed containing 6% indigofera leaves flour. The measured variables in this research were slaughter weight, whole carcas weight, carcas percentage, heart percentage, gizard percentage, liver percentage, and abdominal fat percentage. The data obtained were analyzed using varian analysis based on completely randomized design and continued using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The result showed that addition of 2–6% Indigofera zollingeriana leaves flour in broiler feed did not give any significant effect on slaughter weight, whole carcass weight, carcas and giblets percentage, but gave a significant effect (P<0.05) on the abdominal fat percentage of broiler chicken. The addition of 6% indigofera leaves in broiler feed could reduce the abdominal fat content.
The influence of protein levels on body weight, body dimensions, and reproductive characteristics of local chickens treated in-ovo feeding L-Arginine for two generations
Authors: Pakiding W , Hakim M R , Daryatmo  , Linggi T R , Elis
Published: June 2021

In ovo feeding is a method to stimulate metabolic activity and nutrient availability in eggs during the incubation period with the aim of increasing embryo growth, hatching weight, development and growth after hatching. The nutritional composition, especially protein levels, in the ration given during the growth period is expected to optimize the growth and development of body components and improve reproductive characteristics of local chickens that has been treated in ovo L-arginine. The objective of the study was to determine the influence of different protein levels on body weight, body dimensions and reproductive characteristics of local chickens treated in-ovo feeding L-arginine for two generations (F2). Twelve 10-week-old female local chickens were used in this study. The chickens had received in ovo L-arginine treatment for two generations which was carried out on the 7th day of the incubation period. The chickens were randomly assigned to 3 treatments, and each treatment was represented by 4 birds. The treatments were feed of different protein levels of 16, 18 and 20% with a metabolic energy of 3000 kcal/kg. The measurement of body weight and dimensions was carried out for 9 weeks and it continued until the chickens reached the reproductive phase for observation of age, body weight and egg weight at first laying. The results indicated that the application of different protein levels during the grower period did not significantly affect the increase in body weight and body dimensions. Regression analysis between body weight gain and body dimension gain showed that there was a significant relationship between chest circumference, tibial length and metatarsus length on body weight gain in native chickens showing chest circumference as the best predictor of body weight. The reproductive characteristics of age, body weight and egg weight at the first laying was not affected by the level of protein in the ration.
The antibacterial activity of Kasumba turate (Carthamus tintorius L.) against Salmonella pullorum and Escherichia coli as an alternative feed additive for poultry
Authors: Khatimah K , Purwanti S , Jamilah
Published: June 2021

Kasumba turate (Carthamus tinctorius Linn) is a kind of traditional plant which has been widely used by the people of South Sulawesi to cure measles disease and chicken pox. Kasumba turate contains flavonoid and volatile oil. Some compounds have activity potential as antibacterial. This research aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of kasumba turate against Salmonella pullorum and Escherichia coli bacteria. This study was conducted based on a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment consisted of PO (tetracycline as control), P1 (0.5% kasumba turate extract), P2 (0.75% kasumba turate extract), P3 (1% kasumba turate extract), and P4 (1.25% kasumba turate extract), respectively. The results of this study showed that kasumba turate extract could inhibit the Salmonella pullorum and Escherichia coli growth with an inhibition zone of approximately 11-19 mm. Increasing the level of kasumba turate extract up to 1.25% did not show any differences of inhibition zone compared to the lower levels, however, its effectivenss was significantly lower than commercial antibiotic as the positive control. It concluded that a low level of Kasumba turate extract (0.5%) showed inhibition activity on bacterial growth so that it could be used as an alternative to feed additive poultry.
The profit analysis of beef cattle farming in Tanah Laut District, South Borneo
Authors: Subhan A , Qomariah R , Pribadi Y , Awanis  , Yasin M
Published: June 2021

The feasibility study of financial farming was needed to be analyzed by local farmers. This study was conducted purposively in Banua Tengah Village, Takisung Sub-District, Tanah Laut District, in July - September 2017. Respondents were selected by simple random sampling of 30 persons in the village sample. Data were collected in the form of primary data and secondary data Tabulation analysis was needed to analyze the data on farmer’s household characteristics and housing management characteristics, also farmer’s household income and expense data. Financial feasibility analysis for calculating the feasibility of beef cattle breeding business investment was determined using the feasibility indicators namely: NPV, B/C Ratio and IRR, while the indicators of the feasibility of cattle fattening: BEP, ROI, and R/C. The result showed that (1) The business of beef cattle breeding using 5 females aged 1 year old in the fourth year (until bore 1 calf/head) was quite feasible to be developed cause it resulted in Gross B/C Ratio value of 1.23 (B/C > 1), NPV value of 21,500,194 (positive), and IRR value of 14.61% by Discount Rate of 10 %. (2) Fattening beef cattle business using 5 cattles/farmer (3 months raising period) will resulted benefit for farmers when the BEP selling price was above IDR 39,152/kg of live weight, and the total BEP of beef cattle weight gain after 3 months fattening period above 1,700 kg or above 340 kg/head, with ROI value of 31.09% (each cost incurred about IDR 1 will get a profit of IDR. 0.3109), and R/C value = 1.31 ( quite feasible to be developed).
Perception of laying hen breeders toward feed quality using local raw materials (case study in Sidenreng Rappang Regency)
Authors: Susanti S I , Nuraliah S , Taufik D K , Dahniar  , Dagong M I A
Published: June 2021

The aim of the research was analyzed perception of laying hen breeders to the quality of feed using local raw materials. The research was conducted with a case study in Sidenreng Rappang District which represented central poultry of layer chicken in South Sulawesi. Data were analyzed by using a quantitative descriptive approach with a research variable description which have been specified. The results description of perception variable of every farmer will be obtained a quality factor picture of feed usage of feed by producing small-scale factory exist in District Sidenreng Rappang. The results indicated that the perception of farmers about the quality of available local standard feed materials according to the requirement of a farmers or get positive comments from layer farmers.
Biosecurity practices on beef cattle farms in Bone Regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: Lestari V S , Rahardja D P , Sirajuddin S N
Published: June 2021

The aim of this research was to know the application of biosecurity practices on beef cattle farms in Bone Regency, South Sulawesi. Total sample was 51 beef cattle farmers which was choosed purposively. Data were consisted of primary and secondary data. Data were collected through observation and depth interview by using questionnaire. Biosecurity practices consisted of sanitation, tools and equipment, diseases and diseases prevention, and calf management. There were 34 questions adopted from Biosecurity Good Management Practices. By using Guttman scale, the score for each answer was 1 if beef cattle farmers DO, and 0 if DO NOT DO Biosecurity practices. Data were analyzed descriptively by using percentage. The research revealed that the application of biosecurity practices on beef cattle farms in Bone Regency was in medium level. The lowest percentage was calf management (35.00%), followed by disease prevention (40.00%). Extension and training should be given intensively to improve their level of biosecurity practices.
Participation of Sipakainge group members during Urea Molasses Block (UMB) production in Barru District, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Sirajuddin S N , Nurlaelah S , Amrullah T , Rasyid I , Mustabi J , Rosmawaty
Published: June 2021

This activity aimed to determine the participation of Sipakainge group members in the making of the Urea Molasses Block (UMB) in Barru District, Barru Regency. This activity was carried out on July 2020 in Seppee Village, Barru District, Barru Regency. The activity was attended by 20 members of the Sipakainge group, 5 extension officers in Barru sub-district, and Seppee village officials. The activity was carried out using the FGD (Focus Group of Discussion) method and the activity of making UMB together with group members. The results of the activity showed that the participation of group members was very high by actively discussing the process of making UMB and in making UMB actively.
Characteristics and breeders responses to beef cattle insurance
Authors: Amrawaty A , Asnawi A , Hastang  , Nurlaelah S
Published: June 2021

Beef cattle breeding business has various types of risks caused by accidents, natural disasters, and disease outbreaks. One of the government programs to provide protection for beef cattle business is Beef Cattle Business Insurance (AUTS). This study aimed to determine the farmers’ perceptions of AUTS. The research was conducted in the East Sinjai District, Sinjai Regency with the type of quantitative descriptive research. The research sample was 60 breeders who were taken using simple random method. Data were collected through interviews by using questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics using a Likert scale, namely 1 = disagree, 2 = neutral, 3 = agree. The results showed that the farmers’ perceptions of AUTS were: (1) AUTS information; (2) application of AUTS; (3) requirements and process for submitting AUTS; (4) approval and payment were in the agree category. Breeder response or perceptions of AUTS were in the agreed category. This can occur because of the positive appreciation from farmers for AUTS issued by the Ministry of Agriculture which provided protection for breeders in raising cattle.
Income and product substitution effect on eggs demand
Authors: Siregar A R , Astaman P , Darwis M
Published: June 2021

Chicken eggs have a role as a source of animal protein and have a complete amino acid structure. Income has a direct effect on the amount of demand for goods and services and is closely related to income per capita in an area. The availability of a goods are not always stable so that substitute products are needed to meet the demand of the community. This study aims to analyze the effect of consumer income and substitute products (tempeh, tofu, and chicken meat) on chicken eggs demand. The research was conducted from September to October 2019. The population of households in the research sites was the highest in Makassar City, then sampling is done to determine the sample size needed by using the Multistage Random Sampling technique; respondents in this study were 60 people, primary data were using a survey method with a series of observations, interviews, and questionnaires, then the data obtained will be processed using Statistical Solution of Products and Services with multiple linear regression analysis models. The results showed that tempeh, tofu and chicken meat effect significantly on chicken eggs demand. Partially, tempeh and tofu have a significant effect on chicken eggs demand, but chicken meat has no significant effect.
The relationship between individual characteristics and the performance of animal farm group institutions
Authors: Raisa D M , Sirajuddin S N , Abdullah A
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine the relation between the characteristics of the breeders and the institutional performance of the groups of breeders of the district of Barru, Barru Regency. This research was conducted from August to September 2020. This research used quantitative methods. By taking the sample using the probability sampling technique that was random cluster sampling using the Slovin formula. The analytical method used in this research was Rank Spearman analysis. The results of the research on the relationship between the characteristics and the institutional performance of herder groups showed that the characteristics of the herders had a significant relationship with the institutional performance of the herders groups, namely the number of head of cattle. Meanwhile, the characteristics of pastoralists that do not have a significant relationship with the institutional performance of the groups of pastoralists are age, duration of breeding, number of family dependents and training of family members. Farmers. Indeed, breeders who have a large number of heads of cattle certainly also have significant capital to be encouraged to optimize their breeding activity. The increase in the herd will encourage herders to be more active in the institutional activities of herder groups, thus directly improving the institutional performance of the group.
Integration of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) - balance score card (BSC) model in selection of broiler agribusiness partnership model to increase income of the breeders partner in South Sulawesi
Authors: Ridwan M , Sudirman I
Published: June 2021

The integration of the Analytical Hierarchy Process-Balance scorecard model in decisionmaking is not something new, but the application in selecting the broiler agribusiness partnership model is something new. Combining the two will further improve performance in decision-making, a balanced scorecard approach with perspective and strategic objectives will be very helpful as criteria and sub-criteria in the Analytical Hierarchy Process-based decision-making hierarchy. This study aims to identify the broiler agribusiness partnership model that has the best performance in efforts to increase income and empower breeders partner in the broiler agribusiness partnership system in South Sulawesi, located in selected cities based on population development and the characteristics of partners in South Sulawesi. The results of the study found that the cooperative-based partnership model showed better performance in efforts to increase partner farm income compared to the other two partnership models, namely the private partnership model based on production facilities producer companies, and the private partnership model based on non-production facilities producers, because the cooperative model allows income. So far, only partially owned by companies that do partnership can be channeled to breeders’ partner through a mechanism for sharing the remaining profits from the cooperative’s business, whose members are all breeders partner as additional income other than income from the recapitulation of breeder maintenance, so that it will make the distribution of income more proportional.
Break even point analysis of backyard chicken hens in Sidenreng Rappang Regency South Sulawesi
Authors: Saleh I M , Amrullah T , Hasbi F U , Astaman P , Darwis M , Ridwan M
Published: June 2021

This study aims to analyze the Break-Even Point of Backyard of laying hens business in Sidenreng Rappang Regency. This research was conducted in Bulo Village, backyard farm. This research was conducted from February to April 2020. In this study used a case study, results of the research are not generalized. The total profit earned by these people’s farm is IDR 137,717,244. For the price of IDR 37,000 eggs, it will reach BEP at 1,617,723/ egg, IDR BEP will reach IDR 1,436,727,272 with a egg price of IDR 888 /egg. With a price of IDR 38,000 BEP, the figure is 1,284,075/egg, the IDR BEP is IDR 1,436,727,272, the price is IDR 1,118/egg. The BEP calculation for the price of IDR 39,000 will reach BEP at 1,059,030 per egg and the BEP for IDR 1,436,727,272 with a BEP price of IDR 1,356/egg. Egg price fluctuation is influenced by supply and demand.
The Occurrence of Harmful Jellyfish Outbreaks and Human Stung Reported at Recreational Beaches in Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Mulyadi H A , Sianturi O R
Published: June 2021

Harmful jellyfish outbreaks have occurred annually in Southern Java. The occurrence could be seen at recreational beaches such as Baron Beach, Kukup Beach, Parangtritis Beach, and Glagah Beach. Although outbreaks happen every year, there are few studies. This research investigates the occurrence of harmful jellyfish and the number of visitors stung at recreational beaches in the Yogyakarta Special Region based on interview approaches and literature review. The outbreaks of harmful jellyfish, identified as Physalia cf physalis, occurred during June-August every year at recreational beaches in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. In this year, the outbreaks of harmful jellyfish Physalia cf physalis started in late June. Total 913 people were reported stung during 19 June-12 July. Visitors stung by harmful jellyfish at Parangtritis beach and Kukup beach account for 89.92% and 6.46%, respectively. Visitors stung increased during the weekend (except on Kukup Beach). The first-aid treatment was made by the local rescue team, namely Satuan Perlindungan Masyarakat (Satlinmas), using hot water, vinegar, and topical analgesic as a painkiller. Sometimes, they use traditional medicine from Jinking (Mictyris sp, which is abundant in the coastal area) to reduce the pain. This study’s information is a critical baseline study for the biology and ecology of harmful jellyfish in the future.
Correlation Between the Phytoplankton Distribution with the Oceanographic Parameters of the Deep-Sea Surface of Sangihe-Talaud, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Rozirwan  , Sugeha H Y , Fitriya N , Firdaus M R , Avianto P , Iskandar I
Published: June 2021

Phytoplankton is the primary producer and plays an important role in the food chain process, especially in the oceans. This study aims to describe the phytoplankton distribution and correlations with oceanographic parameters in the deep-sea surface, Sangihe-Talaud, North Sulawesi. Research methodologies include; oceanographic data collection (salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and density), field methods, and phytoplankton samples processing. Data analysis includes abundance, diversity and domination index, PCA analysis, and Similarity index. The results showed that the phytoplankton composition in the sea surface layer of the Sangihe-Talaud waters has three classes: Bacillariophyceae and 86% with ten generai.e., Chaetoceros, Coscinodiscus, Dactyliosolen, Eucampia, Guinardia, Hemiaulus, Leptocylindrus, Pleurosigma, Rhizoselenia, and Skeletonema. The class of Dinophyceae 8%, as many as 17 genera, i.e., Actiniscus, Amphisolenia, Ceratium, Ceratocorys, Gambierdiscus, Gonyaulax, Gymnodinium, Heterodinium, Mesoporos, Noctiluca, Ornithocercus, Oxyphysis, Podolampas, Prorocentrum, Protoperidinium, Pyrocystis, and Pyrophacus. The class of Cyanophyceae 6% and found only one genus Trichodesmium. Phytoplankton abundance was calculated as 65.63 to 1,071.88 cells L−1, with an average of 419.03 cells L−1. The distribution is exhibited that the higher abundance in the southern part near the mainland of the Sulawesi and Maluku channels compared to the northern part, which is directly connected with the Pacific Ocean. The diversity and dominance index of phytoplankton are categorized as generally moderate and no species domination. The correlation between oceanographic parameters with abundance and diversity of phytoplankton is characterized by the identifiers using salinity, density, and temperature; and indicated a strong similarity index.
The Ecological Studies of Shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 (Penaeidae) in The Segara Anakan Lagoon (SAL), Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Pratiwi R , Sukardjo S
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of environmental variables by combining information about the immigration of juveniles during one year. The study of population structure, growth, and morphometric relationships ofPenaeus monodonFabricius in 1798 was carried out in four zones of the Segara Anakan Lagoon (SAL(Zone I (mesotrophic/in two main rivers Cibereum and Citanduy): Zone II (eutroph/in the northeastern part of the lagoon): Zone III(eutroph/in the south-eastern part of the lagoon): Zone IV (mesotrophic/near the western channel) for one year (December 2016 - January 2017). The average carapace length (CL) during the rainy season was 36.35 mm in October and 28.61 mm in December, reflecting changes in shrimp size in the population. The morphological relationship, in terms of total length (TL, mm) and carapace length (CL, mm) of male and female shrimps were significantly correlated with TL = 15,825 + 3,225 CL (r = 0,960) and TL = 25,462 + 2,897 CL (r = 0,978), each. The allometric equations for carapace length (CL mm) and weight (W, g) are Wmale= 10-3 2.834 CL2.528, and Wfemale= 10-3 1.520 CL2, The local distribution of the shrimps suggested that the SAL represent an important nursery ground in its life history.
Will the High Biodiversity of Eels in the Coral Triangle be Affected by Climate Change?
Authors: Miller M J , Wouthuyzen S , Aoyama J , Sugeha H Y , Watanabe S , Kuroki M , Syahailatua A , Suharti S , Hagihara S , Tantu F Y , Trianto  , Otake T , Tsukamoto K
Published: June 2021

The Indonesian Seas are at the center of the Coral Triangle, which has the highest marine biodiversity in the world, and the region is under threat from climate change. Freshwater habitats in the region have a high number of anguillid eels compared to other regions of the world, but it is more difficult to capture marine eels to assess their biodiversity. Catches of leptocephali from 5 internationally collaborative surveys for eel larvae (leptocephali) in the Coral Triangle have collected about 126-169 species of larvae, which indicates that the Coral Triangle region likely has the highest marine eel biodiversity in the world based on comparisons to similar larval surveys in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans (29-107 species). These marine eel species inhabit a wide range of benthic and pelagic habitats, but how they might be affected by climate changes such as ocean warming has not been considered. Anguillid eels in the Coral Triangle region could be affected mainly by changes in rainfall patterns that could affect their freshwater growth stage or their reproductive maturation patterns and migration. Effects on marine eels would depend on the types of habitats where they live, with the least impacts occurring for deep benthic or pelagic species. Marine eels that live in shallow habitats would be most affected if warming seas and coral bleaching reduce the types of prey species they depend on. Based on their possible association with coral reef habitats, eels of the families Muraenidae and Chlopsidae appear to the most likely types of eels to be impacted by changes in community structure resulting from coral bleaching. All leptocephali species live in the ocean surface layer where they feed on marine snow, so warmer ocean temperatures might reduce the amount or quality of marine snow that is available, resulting in lower larval survival rates. Further studies on eel biodiversity and habitat use will provide more insight into the possible loss of endemic species in the Coral Triangle due to climate change, but presently it is unclear how many species of eels may be directly affected by climate change.
Mangrove in the Urban Area of Small Islands: Vegetation Health, Potential, and Management Challenges
Authors: Suyadi  , Prayudha B , Renyaan J , Indrabudi T , Manulang C Y , Naroli I
Published: June 2021

Indonesia is the largest habitat of mangroves in the world which many are distributed in the urban areas of small islands. However, knowledge about conditions, potential, and management challenges of mangrove in these urban areas are still scarce. This study’s objectives are to assess mangrove conditions, potential threats, and the perception of local people. In the last two decades, mangrove cover in the main city of Ambon decreased at the rate of 0.75% y−1and the status of the vegetation health was poor. In contrast, there was no much change in the mangrove areas of a satellite city, Tual and it has healthy mangrove forests. Mangrove forests have a good potential for carbon storage, either in Tual (191 Mg C ha−1or 703 Mg CO2e ha−1) or Ambon (120 Mg C ha−1or 441 Mg CO2e ha−1). Estimates of the economic value of carbon sequestration by mangrove forests in Tual and Ambon were US$ 30,896 and US$ 49,195 ha−1. The management challenges include mangrove deforestation, plastic pollution, and low public participation. Given the significant economic values of the mangrove areas and their potential carbon loss due to mangrove deforestation, avoiding mangrove deforestation, restoring the ecosystem, and strengthening conservation actions in small islands’ urban areas are crucial to ensure the sustainable use of mangrove resources.
Oil and Grease (OG) Content in Seawater and Sediment of The Jakarta Bay and its Surrounding
Authors: Khozanah  , Yogaswara D , Wulandari I
Published: June 2021

Oil and grease (OG) pollutants were found and measured in seawater and sediment, causing damage to the marine environment. Observations of total concentrations of OG in seawater and sediment have been conducted in the waters of Jakarta Bay and surrounding areas in March 2017. This study investigates the total contamination levels and spatial distribution of OG in seawaters and sediments in the Jakarta Bay and vicinity area. Seawater and sediment samples were taken at six sampling points in three locations; Ancol, Muara Gembong, and Pari Island. The samples were extracted by dichloromethane and n-hexane solvent, followed by an analysis in the Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) instrument at a wavelength of 2900-3000 cm-1. The concentration of OG in seawater from Ancol, Muara Gembong, and Pari Island has an average of 258.547 mg/L, 114.454 mg/L, and 240.533 mg/L, respectively. On the other hand, the OG levels in sediments from Ancol, Muara Gembong, and Pari Island have a mean concentration of 18.084 mg/kg, 17.218 mg/kg, and 15.254 mg/kg, respectively. The result showed that the level of OG obtained in these waters is higher than the threshold value based on the Decree of Environment Ministry No. 51/2004 regarding seawater quality, meanwhile in the sediment sample is lower than the threshold value based on the Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC) sediment quality guidelines (SQGs).
Improvement of Omega-3 in Lemuru (Sardinella sp) Fish Oil by Using Enzymatic Reaction
Authors: Kosasih W , Saepudin E , Priatni S
Published: June 2021

This study aims to scale-up the production of the omega-3 enrichment generated from Lemuru fish oil using a 1 L reactor without experimental design through enzymatic reactions that might have increased the economic value of lemuru fish oil. The enrichment of omega 3 fish oil was carried using a 1 L reactor through hydrolysis with commercial lipase enzymes’ help. Enzymatic reactions were carried out with variations in temperature (40,45,50 and 55°C), time of reaction (0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 hours), the enzyme concentration of 1000 units, and agitation (50, 100, and 150 rpm). The fatty acid content of fish oil before and after the enzymatic reaction was analyzed using GC-MS. At the same time, the omega-3 fatty acid content of fish oil that had been hydrolyzed with lipase was determined using Gas Chromatography (GC). The results show that the optimum conditions for enzymatic reactions were 24 hours reaction time, 50°C temperature, and 150 rpm agitation. Enzymatic reactions using commercial lipases can increase the omega-3 levels of Lemuru fish oil consisting of the content of ALA, EPA, and DHA, 10, 18, and 35-fold, respectively.
Paleolimnological approach for management sustainable use of tropical lakes
Authors: Soeprobowati TR
Published: June 2021

Tropical aquatic resources provide ecosystem services, which are affected by human activities. Human-induced environmental change in Indonesian lakes has considerably increased since the new order in 1970. In general, many Indonesian lakes had deteriorated due to sedimentation and eutrophication, which induced the blooming of aquatic plants, mostly by water hyacinth. Water security becomes a problem, particularly in the dry seasons, but water overflow and flooding occur in many places during wet seasons. Landscape and climate changes, pollution, species diversity, preserved in lake sediment, provide long-term proof of environmental changes. This paper will discuss a paleolimnological approach to reconstruct past environmental changes. Paleolimnology is learning about stratigraphy sediment of the lakes where fossils are well preserved in the sediment and provide information about the past conditions of the catchment area. Lakes’ sediment records the changes in condition of the catchment area, like a diary book. Paleolimnology had been studied for Rawapening Lake and Telaga Warna Lake, Dieng. Reconstruction of the past environmental condition is required to predict future conditions. Reconstruction is an activity recreate past conditions by pointing the organism stored in layers of sediment, therefore, reflecting the environmental conditions based on organisms deposited, to develop the best sustainable water resources management, as in alignment with the concept of water – energy – food nexus.