bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Bioenergy Potential of Waste Biomass Through Stoichiometry Analysis in Pakistan
Authors: Shahani Shahnaz , Gao Zhongquan , Korai M. S. , Qaisrani Mumtaz A. , Hussain Sadam , Saleem Muhammad A. , Shakoori Muhammad A.
Published: August 2023

Pakistan is an emerging country facing energy crises due to its swiftly growing population. The energy sector is dominated by costly fossil fuels, which are quickly depleting, and threatening the environment. This study accentuates Pakistan’s current energy situation and future
assessment of bioenergy potential through a comprehensive stoichiometry analysis. The paper access the tremendous potential to efficiently convert waste biomass into bioenergy as the most sustainable alternative to meet its energy demand. The results reveal that the total bioenergy potential
of waste biomass has been determined as 44, 530 megawatt/1000 tonnes yearly contributed by municipal solid waste (17.21%), tree waste (22.95%), agriculture residues (18.85%), animal manure (19.67%) and other biomasses (21.32%). The conclusion shows bioenergy by 2030 prospects of 1.1–9%
every year in the energy mix of Pakistan. Waste biomass will replace imported energy by reducing the burden in the range of 12–19%, 19–31%, 10–17%, and 1–2% on coal, oil, natural gas, electricity, and low-pressure gas (L.P.G.) in future by drafting the bioenergy policy
framework for effective employment of renewable energy (biomass-based) production in Pakistan.
Clinical Observation of the Use of Bushen Zhuangjin Decoction Plus Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation in Treating Senile Intertrochanteric Femoral Fracture Under Fast-Track Diagnosis and Treatment Program for Hip Fractures
Authors: Li Zhenqing , Sun Chenjing , Wang Liping , Wang Dianyun , Li Liang
Published: August 2023

To clarify whether Bushen Zhuangjin decoction (BSZJD) plus proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) effectively treats senile intertrochanteric femoral fracture (ITFF) under the fast-track diagnosis and treatment program for hip fractures. This study selected 64 older patients with
ITFF and classified them into the observation group (Obs; n = 34) and control group (Con; n = 30) by random number table method. In addition to PFNA internal fixation implemented in both cohorts, routine treatment was given to the Con, while the Obs additionally received BSZJD.
The perioperative basic conditions, complications, postoperative bed-rest duration, full weight-bearing time, and fracture healing time, together with the scores of visual analog scale (VAS), Harris Hip Score (HHS), callus healing X-ray, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome before
and at 1, 3, and 6 months after the operation were compared between these groups. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) were also cultured to explore the osteogenesis mechanism of BSZJD. Preoperatively, the HHS and VAS scores were comparable in both groups (P >0.05),
but both improved at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively, with Obs showing better improvements (P <0.05). The Obs also had better X-ray scores of callus healing and TCM syndrome scores at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively (P <0.05) and a lower complication rate (11.76%
vs. 33.33%) than the Con (P <0.05). Additionally, the duration of bed rest, hospitalization, full weight bearing, and fracture healing was shorter in the Obs than in the Con (P <0.05). Moreover, the BSZJD group had more BMP-2, Smad1, and Smad4 contents than the BMSCs cultured
alone. Therefore, in the treatment of senile ITFF with PFNA under the fast-track diagnosis and treatment program, BSZJD showed remarkable effects, which contribute to well-recovered hip joint function, early ambulation, and reduced complications, with a promising clinical application value.
Ecofriendly Management of Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)
Authors: Pant Hemlata , Maurya Amit Kumar , Aditya  , Singh Manoj Kumar , John Vinny , Mehra Manika , Sami Rokayya , Baakdah Fadi , Helal Mahmoud
Published: August 2023

The pertinence of bio-control agents applied with plant-based materials is a highly efficient and reliable sustainable management practices in agriculture. The present study dealt with the repercussion of various bio-control agents and oil seed cakes viz., Trichoderma viride,
neem cake, T. viride+neem cake, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Beauveria bassiana, T. harzianum, soybean cake and castor cake were used against root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) crop. The results showed, all
of the bio-control agents and oil seed cakes, either used alone or in combination, suppressed the galls of the root knot nematode. Significant growth parameters and yield of the fruits were perceived in plants treated with combination of T. viride+neem cake followed by P. lilacinus,
T. viride, T. harzianum, neem cake, B. bassiana, soybean cake and castor cake respectively. Merest root galls were found in a T. viride+neem cake combination. T. viride was the most effective bioagent and in case of oil seed cakes, neem cake was the most
effective in improving growth parameters and reducing root galls caused by M. incognita in the okra crop.
Regular Treadmill Exercise Improves the Healing Efficacy of a Nanocomposite Hydrogel in a Rat Model of Muscle Injury: A Sport Medicine-Based Approach for Muscle Repair
Authors: Xu Guobin
Published: August 2023

In the current study, the synergistic effects of a regular treadmill exercise and nicaraven-loaded nanocomposite hydrogel was investigated in a rat model of muscle injury. In vitro studies were used to characterize the composite hydrogel In vitro. In vivo study
was performed in a rat model of muscle injury. Study showed that the regular treadmill exercise and nicaraven-loaded nanocomposite hydrogel improved the muscle injury repair by reducing muscle atrophy, decreasing the fibrosis tissue, and augmenting the expression levels of VEGF and b-FGF genes.
Effects of Danshensu Sodium Combined with Tongxinluo on Cardiac Function and Calcium Channels in a Rat Model of Heart Failure
Authors: Song Jianjiang , Yang Yingjun , Wang Yayun
Published: August 2023

The study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Danshensu sodium and Tongxinluo on cardiac function, apelin-13, and L-type calcium channel in a rat model of heart failure. Thirty-two rats were divided into three groups: Danshensu Sodium, Tongxinluo, and Experimental
(combination of Danshensu Sodium and Tongxinluo). Twenty-four rat models of heart failure were treated with Danshensu Sodium, Tongxinluo, or Danshensu Sodium+Tongxinluo. Cardiac function, apelin-13, and L-type calcium channel expression were compared among the four groups. The injury
and repair of myocardial tissue were observed by HE staining, and the fibrosis of myocardial tissues was observed by Masson staining. The results showed that the combination of Danshensu sodium and Tongxinluo significantly improved cardiac function, decreased apelin-13 levels, decreased L-type
calcium channel current density, and increased Cav1.2 protein expression compared to the Danshensu Sodium group and Tongxinluo group. Histological observations showed that the morphology and structure of cardiomyocytes were better, and the fibrosis of myocardium was lower in the experimental
group compared to the other two groups. In conclusion, Danshensu sodium and Tongxinluo combined effectively improved cardiac function and had a positive effect on the expression of apelin-13 and L-type calcium channel in rats with heart failure.
Investigation into Biocompatibility and In Vitro Osteogenic Differentiation Ability of New Degradable Polymer Material (Poly-glycerolsebacate-maleic Anhydride) Combined with Nano-Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds
Authors: Wu Hongzi , Zhang Dehua , Wang Jian , Li Yongqi , Mao Feng , Liao Yi
Published: August 2023

This work explored the biocompatibility and In Vitro osteogenic differentiation ability of new degradable polymer scaffold to provide some references for the research focusing on applying the scaffold for osseous tissue engineering. Polyglycerolsebacate-maleic anhydride (PGS-M)
and Nano-hyproxyapatite (n-HA) were utilized to prepare a new scaffold, which was called PGS-M/n-HA herein. Besides, scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to observe the morphology and porosity of the PGS-M/n-HA, and its In Vitro degradation rate and mechanical property (MP)
were analyzed. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) (Ctrl group), osteoblast inducing conditional media (OICM group), PGS-M/n-HA group, and PGS-M/n-HA combining with OICM (OICM+PGS-M/n-HA group) were cultured. After that, the differences in cell adhesion rate, viability, and alkaline
phosphatase (AKP) activity were compared and analyzed. It was demonstrated that porosities of PGS-M and PGS-M/n-HA declined while the constrained modulus increased. Based on those in the Ctrl group, the cell viability and AKP activity in the OICM group were enhanced. In contrast to those in
PGS-M/n-HA group, cell adhesion rate and AKP activity were both enhanced in the OICM+PGS-M/n-HA group. Therefore, it suggested that PGS-M/n-HA scaffold possessed high degradability, MP, and biocompatibility, and could induce the differentiation of HBMSCs into osteoblasts.
Metformin Exerts Anti-Neoplastic Effects via the Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Apoptosis and Inhibition of the AMPK/mTOR/Nrf2 Pathway in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Li Jing , Zhu Ziyi , Ye Lizi , Wang Zhiyang , Xiang Guangda , Li Shuguang , Yue Ling
Published: August 2023

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is a tumor associated with a high Nrf2 level. As a first-line antidiabetic medication, Metformin was recently shown antioxidants effects and inhibited nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression in several malignant cells. However, whether
Metformin regulates Nrf2 to inhibit PTC and the mechanism are inconclusive. We aimed to investigate Metformin’s effects on oxidative disorders and its potential molecular mechanisms in PTC. Our results showed that Metformin increased Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) accumulation in K1 cells.
Mechanistically, Metformin significantly promoted ROS generation by inhibiting Nrf2, which induced cellular apoptosis in K1 cells. Moreover, the AMP-Activated Protein Kinases (AMPK)/(the Mammalian target of rapamycin) mTOR signaling partially participates in the apoptosis process. The study
showed that Metformin exerted an antitumor activity on K1 cells, via ROS generation and Nrf2 inhibition.
Impact of Quorum Sensing Signal N-3-Oxododecanoyl Homoserine Lactone on Intestinal Porcine Enterocyte Cell
Authors: Yang Yang , Wang Congrong , Liu Yun , Ma Xinyan , Xia Pengpeng , Zhou Mingxu , Duan Qiangde , Zhu Guoqiang
Published: August 2023

Quorum sensing (QS) is an autoinducer (AI) molecules mediated signaling system in bacteria. It is generally believed that bacteria can regulate their own characteristics or virulence through OS. This study investigated the direct effects of a quorum sensing signal molecule N-3-oxododecanoyl
homoserine lactone (3OC12-HSL, synonyms: OdDHL) on host cells, to further reveal the function of QS system in the interaction between bacteria and host cells. Intestinal porcine enterocyte cell line (IPEC-J2) were used as model cells, and the AHL signal molecule OdDHL was used to stimulate
the cells to observe the effect of quorum sensing signals on host cells. The results showed that OdDHL had an obvious effect on the morphology of IPEC-J2 cells, and a lower concentration and shorter time of stimulation could induce cell shrinkage and rounding. MTT assay revealed that OdDHL
had no effect on IPEC-J2 cell viability, suggesting that the cell morphological changes were not from signaling molecule toxicity. Using different concentrations and different exposure times of OdDHL to stimulate IPEC-J2 cells, we demonstrated that changes in cell morphology were positively
correlated with the concentration of AHL and exposure time. Bacterial adhesion assay showed that OdDHL could enhance the adhesion of enteropathogenic E. coli to host cell IPEC-J2, while reducing its invasion into host cell. Fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot revealed that
the expression of tight junction protein ZO-1 was significantly increased. The expression levels of multiple genes that related to cytoskeletons and cell junction were all regulated by OdDHL. In conclusion, OdDHL could directly affect the biological characteristics of IPEC-J2 cells such as
morphology and tight junction, reduce the intestinal defences of hosts, thereby promoting the adhesion and injury of pathogenic bacteria to the intestine of piglets. This study provides a basic reference for further understanding of the pathogenic role of regulating pathogenic bacterial populations
and their prevention against diseases.
Poly(Methylqinjgtebie Methacrylate) Nanoparticles-Based HIF-1α Carrier Reduces Epithelial Cell Activation and Adhesion Molecule Expression in Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Zhou Pengfei , Shen Bo , Hong Youshu
Published: August 2023

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a skin disease. This study established a mouse AD model to investigate the impact of PMMA (Poly(methyl methacrylate)) nanoparticles (PMMANPs) on epithelial cells. Nice (n = 30) receiving no intervention were taken as a healthy group, while the other
animals (n = 30) were placed in the model group and sensitized with 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) acetone solution to establish the AD model. Skin epithelial cells on the backs of mice were assigned into blank control group, negative control group, PMMA group, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor
(HIF)-1α group, and PMMA + HIF-1α group, followed by analysis of epithelial cell density by toluidine blue staining, HIF-1α, ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1) and VCAM-1 (Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) expressions. The back skin of mice in
the model group appeared with edema, erythema, and desquamation, with increased number of scratches and pathological changes such as skin keratinization, inflammatory cell infiltration, and epidermal thickening, indicating successful establishment of the AD model. In comparison, the epithelial
cell density of the PMMA group, HIF-1α group, and PMMA+HIF-1α group (10.08±0.32, 10.50±0.34, 7.52±0.28) decreased significantly (P <0.05), with lowest density in the PMMA+HIF-1α group. Importantly, treatment with HIF-1α,
PMMANPs, and HIF-1α-loaded PMMANPs greatly elevated HIF-1α levels (3.25±0.08, 3.69±0.07, 4.46±0.10) while decreased ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels (794.02±56.27, 788.36±49.38, 744.64±36.40). Furthermore, combined treatment obtained
highest HIF-1α expression and lowest ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 level (P <0.05) expressions. Collectively, the PMMANPs carrying HIF-1α VCAM-1 exerted protective role in the recovery of AD, and these findings suggest that, the HIF-1α can be used as a
target gene for AD treatment.
Silver Nanoparticles Promote the Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Modulating the O-GlcNAcylation of RUNX1
Authors: Sang Ping , Li Xuepeng , Wang Ziyu
Published: August 2023

Human BMSCs are multifunctional progenitor cells that can transferred into different functional cells. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been demonstrated to modulate the osteogenesis of stem cells. However, effects of AgNPs on hBMSC functions and their potential modulatory mechanism
remain elusive. Our study aimed to thoroughly analyze the role of AgNPs in mediating hBMSCs osteogenic differentiation. In this study, we found that hBMSCs viability as well as osteogenic differentiation were significantly promoted when treated with 4 μg/ml AgNPs. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation
can affect multiple biological processes of human eukaryotes, including osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. Here, we demonstrated that AgNPs could increase the O-GlcNAcylation level to exert their functions. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that AgNPs enhanced the protein level
of runt-related transcription Factor 1 (RUNX1) by O-glycosylating it at the T219 site to stabilize the RUNX1 protein. Finally, we determined that silencing RUNX1 abrogated AgNPs function on the viability and hBMSCs osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, this study reported a novel mechanism
by which AgNPs promoted hBMSCs osteogenic differentiation.
Effect of Different Veneering Techniques on the Fracture Resistance of Bioceramic Lithium Disilicate Ceramics Crowns
Authors: Barakat Ali , Alomari Mohammed
Published: August 2023

Aim: The effect of three different veneering techniques (layering, press-over, and CAD/CAM techniques) on the fracture resistance of lithium disilicate crown (LDC). Material and Methods: Thirty lithium disilicate crowns were adhesively cemented on the standardized Epoxy
die. LDC was fabricated according to the veneering materials and techniques into three groups (n = 10): group (LV) layering veneering technique, group (PV) pressed veneering technique, and group DV (CAD/CAM) technique. The specimen was artificially aged through dynamic loading and thermocycling.
All specimens were tested for fracture resistance using compressive load. Descriptive statistics of frequency distribution mean and standard deviations were calculated and compared across different groups. ANOVA was used to evaluate the effect of the veneering technique on fracture resistance.
Results: The highest load was demonstrated in the DV group (1057.26762±97.04401 N) and the lowest load was found in PV group (762.41229±102.56927 N). Similarly, the highest fracture resistance was observed in group DV (14.65171±1.34484 MPa), and the lowest was found
in group PV group (10.56558±1.42141 MPa). Mean values of maximum loads and fracture resistance in veneers fabricated by digital, pressed, and layer veneering techniques showed a significant difference. Conclusion: The CAD/CAM veneered monolithic lithium disilicate crowns demonstrated
superior fracture resistance compared to the lithium disilicate crowns fabricated by over-pressing and layering techniques.
Expression of S100A11 Gene in Stomach Adenocarcinoma and Its Relationship with Immune Cell Infiltration and Prognosis
Authors: Zhang Baojian , Wang Shuhao , Feng Linyuan , Piao Junjie , Lin Zhenhua , Liu Yanqun
Published: August 2023

Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is a complex biological process involving multiple factors. Given the importance of the immune-related tumor microenvironment (TME) in STAD, investigating tumor-immune interactions and identifying novel prognostic and therapeutic targets in STAD is a promising
avenue of research. S100A11 (S100 calcium-binding protein 11) is a class of proteins that transduces calcium-dependent cellular regulatory signals involved in cancer formation and development. Recent studies demonstrated that S100A gene families plays important roles in regulating immune cell
infiltration of cancers. However, the exact role of S100A11 in STAD has yet to be fully understood. Therefore, we examined S100A11 expression in STAD and its normal tissues using GEPIA and the Human Protein Atlas, using the UALCAN database was used to analyze the relationship between S100A11
protein expression and clinical parameters, and using the GSCA database was used to analyze the correlation between S100A11 protein expression and various subtypes of STAD. We found that S100A11 mRNA levels were significantly upregulated in STAD tissues compared to normal tissues. Elevated
S100A11 was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS), first progression (FP) and post-progression survival (PPS) in multiple STAD patient populations.
Inhibitory Effect of Metal Complexes Cisplatin and Carboplatin of Cervical Cancer Cells
Authors: Nie Xiaojing , Cao Huiru , Abudureheman Wumidan , Lin Chen
Published: August 2023

The recurrence and prognosis of advanced cervical cancer patients is an unresolved medical need. To improve prognosis and bring new strategies to more curable stages of the disease, such as high-risk locally advanced disease patients and low metastatic or small volume disease patients.
After culturing cervical cancer cells in vitro, they were treated with different concentrations of cisplatin and carboplatin drugs for 24, 48, and 72 hours respectively. Detected the inhibitory rate of different treatment groups on cervical cancer cells using CCK-8 detection, To observe
live and dead cells through staining experiments. The results showed that different concentrations of cisplatin and carboplatin have significant inhibitory effects on cervical cancer cells. However, the inhibitory effect of cisplatin and carboplatin in the high concentration group on cervical
cancer cells were significantly greater than that in the low concentration treatment group. The sensitivity of cervical cancer cells to cisplatin was similar with carboplatin, and the sensitivity to cisplatin was better than that of carboplatin. We believe that targeted therapy can be combined
with chemotherapy drugs to enhance the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin. When the toxic side effects of cisplatin cannot be overcome, carboplatin can be considered to replace cisplatin in the treatment of cancer.
Prevalence and clinical significance of deep vein thrombosis in Hispanic patients with acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Murguia Adrian Rojas , Prakash Swathi , Segovia Fernando , Ayvali Fatih , Brockman Michael , Nadella Sahithi , Singh Vishwajeet , Dwivedi Alok Kumar , Rajachandran Manu , Mukherjee Debabrata , Nickel Nils P
Published: August 2023

The prevalence of concomitant deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and its impact on 30-day outcomes in Hispanic patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is unknown. We retrospectively studied a cohort of Hispanic patients admitted for acute PE to determine the relationship of concomitant DVT to clot burden on chest computer tomography (CT), right heart strain, and 30-day mortality. We identified 391 patients admitted with acute PE; 168 (42.9%) had concomitant DVTs on admission; 39 patients (9.9%) died during the 30-day follow-up: 12 patients without concomitant DVT and 27 with concomitant DVT, respectively ( p < .001). The presence of a proximal DVT independently predicted 30-day mortality even after adjusting for age, gender and admission PE severity index scores (PESI) (hazard ratio [HR] 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-3.0, p = .001). Proximal DVTs remained a significant predictor of 30-day mortality in patients with low and intermediate PESI scores (HR 2.5; 95% CI: 1.1-6.0, p = .035). The prevalence of concomitant DVT in Hispanic patients presenting with acute DVT is relatively lower than other ethnic groups. However, a proximal location of a DVT is of significant prognostic relevance. Hispanic patients with acute PE should routinely undergo compression doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) of the lower extremities.
Use of finer needles for venipuncture increases in vitro haemolysis despite reducing persistent pain and nerve injury: A retrospective study
Authors: Umemura Hiroshi , Takahashi Hiromichi , Fukuda Yoshiaki , Soma Hitoshi , Aoki Rumiko , Takei Norihisa , Nakayama Tomohiro
Published: August 2023

Background

Although venipuncture is minimally invasive, and is the most frequently performed medical procedure, it carries the small risk of causing persistent pain, including nerve damage. Recently, our hospital stopped using 22-gauge needles for venipuncture in outpatients and switched to using only 23- and 25-gauge needles. We investigated the impact of using only the finer needles on the incidence of persistent or neuropathic pain and the prevalence of haemolysis, as well as the impact of haemolysis associated with the needle change on other laboratory data.

Methods

We retrospectively collected and analysed data on venipuncture-associated pain complaints made during the 1-year period prior and 1-year period after the change in needles, as well as the frequency of haemolysis before and after the change. We also focused on 90 cases that showed significant haemolysis after the needle change and compared the serum aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and potassium levels before and after the needle change.

Results

The incidence of persistent pain was significantly reduced from 1 in 10,825 venipunctures before the change to 1 in 29,747 venipunctures after the change. Notably, no patients experienced neuropathic pain after the change. However, the prevalence of haemolysis was significantly increased. Additionally, the serum aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and potassium levels were significantly elevated in the cases that showed moderate to gross haemolysis after the needle change.

Conclusion

Using finer needles involves both advantages and disadvantages, and careful consideration is needed to determine which type of needle is in the best interests of the patient.
Talk the Talk, But Walk the Walk? Female-Managed Firms and Greenwashing Behavior
Authors: Zhang Dengjun
Published: August 2023

Previous studies have examined gender differences in environmental disclosure and corporate environmental responsibility, which are elements used to measure greenwashing. However, little attention has been given to the impact of firm leaders’ gender on greenwashing. This study applies a logit econometric model to estimate the probability of being greenwashers for female-led firms compared to male-led firms, using a sample of 7,870 private firms from 28 countries. Our main results suggest that female-managed firms are not less likely to conduct greenwashing. This study also evaluates the impact on greenwashing of other determinants, such as access to finance, firm size, pollution degree, and region, and whether the gender gap in greenwashing is attributed to the primary drivers of greenwashing. Finally, we draw implications from this study on how to enhance the credibility of environmental initiatives for both female-led and male-led firms.
Fertility preservation among women diagnosed with cancer in South Africa
Authors: Purdy Charlene , Roomaney Rizwana
Published: August 2023

There is a growing trend worldwide to offer fertility preservation to newly diagnosed cancer patients, but little research exploring the experience of fertility preservation among this population exists. Our aim was to explore fertility preservation among female cancer survivors in South Africa. We conducted interviews with 10 women who received fertility preservation at fertility clinics in Cape Town and Johannesburg, South Africa. Interviews lasted between 38 and 76 min and were audio recorded, transcribed, and then entered into ATLAS.ti. We analysed the interviews using reflexive thematic analysis. Four themes were constructed, namely (1) entering fertility preservation: motivation and risk, (2) an emotional rollercoaster, (3) needing more information, and (4) a costly source of hope. Participants reflected on choosing between cancer treatment and delaying the cancer treatment to accommodate for fertility preservation, with the importance of biological motherhood reported as a key factor. Both the cancer diagnosis and hormones taken as part of treatment resulted in participants feeling highly emotional. Participants expressed a need for more information on fertility preservation. Finally, even though the process was costly, participants reported that it was a worthwhile endeavour as it instilled in them a sense of hope. Our findings indicate that there is a need to increase awareness of fertility preservation in South Africa. Moreover, considering the pressure that patients are under, their emotional states, and their lack of adequate information, it is important for healthcare professionals to pay careful attention to the needs of patients throughout the process and provide patients with referrals to psychological services when needed. Our findings also indicate gaps in the informed consent process between patients and healthcare professionals that must be addressed by the latter.
COVID-19 and Nursing Homes in Decentralized Spain: How Governance and Public Policies Influence Working Conditions and Organizational Responses to the Crisis
Authors: Hernández-Moreno Jorge , Pereira-Puga Manuel , Cruz-Martínez Gibrán
Published: August 2023

How did long-term care (LTC) policies and the prevailing governance model affect the working conditions of nursing home workers in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic? Here, we rely on qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews and document analysis to answer the research question. The results suggest that lack of coordination between health and social services, underfunding of the LTC system, and the absence of legislative initiatives have harmed caregivers’ labor and employment conditions and the effectiveness of managing the crisis. These findings are relevant as they expose the implications of the territorial structure of welfare and sectoral public policies in managing a crisis.
Revision Tracheotomy Complicated by History of Follicular B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Ustrell Sarah , Simmons Jordan K. , Henkle Garrett , Szymanowski Adam R.
Published: August 2023

This case report presents a 65-year-old woman with multiple complications during a revision tracheotomy including subcutaneous emphysema and a pneumothorax. Management of her airway was complicated by a history of recurrent follicular B-cell lymphoma associated with extensive cervical lymphadenopathy. We detail the importance of heightened clinical awareness and the use of intraoperative safety adjuncts when performing revision tracheostomies.
The relationship between typically developing school-age children’s screen time, participation and physical activity: An exploratory study
Authors: Nguyen Jennie Trinh , Brown Ted , Yu Mong-Lin
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

In recent years, screen-based activities have become increasingly popular amongst children and adolescents. Several studies have found increased screen time to be associated with sleep disturbances, poorer academic performance and reduced physical activity. However, not much is known about children’s activity preferences and participation in relation to their screen time. This study investigated the association between school-aged children’s screen time use and their activity participation and physical activity.

Method:

A sample of 25 parents/caregivers with typically developing children aged 8–12 years in Australia participated. Parents/caregivers completed the Children Screen Time Use Report (CSTUR) and Children Participation Questionnaire-School (CPQ-S). Child participants completed the CSTUR, Preferences for Activities of Children (PAC), Perceived Meaning of Occupations Questionnaire (PMOQ) and Physical Activity Questionnaire-Children (PAQ-C). Data were analyzed using Spearman Rho correlations.

Results:

Findings from this study found no statistically significant associations between the CSTUR and PAQ-C subscales in children aged 8–12 years. However, there were several significant correlations found between CSTUR and the PAC, PMOQ and CPQ-S scale scores.

Conclusion:

Occupational therapists need to consider screen-based activities in school age children and the impact it can have on their daily participation.
A new higher-order beam theory for buckling and free vibration responses of laminated composite and functionally graded porous beams
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc-Duong
Published: August 2023

The present study introduces a novel higher-order shear deformation theory for assessing buckling and free vibration characteristics in laminated composite and functionally graded porous beams. The proposed theoretical framework effectively considers three variables and eliminates the need for a shear correction factor. The governing equations are derived from the Lagrange principle, while Legendre-Ritz functions are utilised to solve the resulting problem. Various types of laminated composite beams with arbitrary lay-ups and functionally graded porous beams with symmetric or unsymmetric configurations are analysed. To validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed theory, several numerical examples are conducted and compared against the results of existing research endeavours.
Case Studies of Practices and Lessons Learned When Using Reclaimed Asphalt Shingles in Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Hand Adam J.T. , Aschenbrener Timothy
Published: August 2023

The use of reclaimed asphalt shingles (RAS) in asphalt mixtures dates back to the 1990s. RAS contains four to six times more asphalt binder than reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), so it is very attractive from a virgin asphalt binder replacement cost-savings perspective, as well as from a sustainability perspective, since over 50% of the carbon footprint of asphalt mixtures comes from asphalt binder production. Using RAS in asphalt mixtures also prevents it from being landfilled. However, asphalt binder in RAS is significantly stiffer than paving-grade asphalt binder, which can lead to stiff asphalt mixtures with poor cracking resistance. Materials, mixture design, and processing and handling developments have helped improve the success of RAS asphalt mixture use. The performance history of RAS mixtures over the past 20 years has shown that with proper engineering and construction it is comparable to virgin asphalt mixtures. In the current study, observations from field visits to six agencies that regularly use RAS in asphalt mixtures were summarized, identifying positive practices and lessons learned. Different agencies had diverse goals when using RAS; those with rigorous specifications and policies obtained good performance from the mixture, especially when closely monitoring it over time. Field performance reviews of in-service pavements up to 9 years old encompassing RAS or RAS and RAP revealed that with appropriate policy, mixture design, and quality control, good performance was achieved. Limiting RAS dosage, ensuring adequate virgin binder in the mixtures and a sufficiently soft blended binder, along with RAS processing and handling, led to positive performance.
On-Demand Autonomous Vehicles in Berlin: A Cost–Benefit Analysis
Authors: Carreyre Félix , Chouaki Tarek , Coulombel Nicolas , Berrada Jaâfar , Bouillaut Laurent , Hörl Sebastian
Published: August 2023

The technological development of autonomous vehicles (AVs) challenges their economic relevancy. Are AVs worth it? We adapted the cost–benefit analysis framework to the case of AV services. The appraisal methodology was applied to the introduction of an on-demand AV service in Berlin, simulated through MATSim, an agent-based model. The introduction of AVs in a dense urban environment would generate more pressure on the road network. This would cause private car users to experience longer travel times, resulting in a consumer surplus loss that would not offset the new AV users’ benefits. In one configuration, a stop-based routing service appeared to generate fewer externalities (e.g., congestion, emissions, accidents) and would be cheaper to operate than door-to-door routing. Another configuration assumed that private cars were banned. In that case, the consumer surplus significantly decreased, AV services were not able to absorb the entire demand, and the shares of other modes increased. However, the externalities were significantly reduced. Finally, in an urban environment where on-demand AVs were added to the available modes, the social impact was negative for all economic agents, with heterogeneity apparent on the impacts of the different externalities. This would benefit some travelers but would also involve additional congestion. In that case, a stop-based routing seemed preferable (but still negative) to a door-to-door one. Further works discussing the introduction of AVs into an urban environment should focus on line-based options such as automated bus services.
Mobilizing mestizo Knowledges: The Changing Role of Cuban Universities Articulating Diverse Planning Knowledges, 1959–2021
Authors: Cociña Camila , Peña-Díaz Jorge , Cazanave-Macías Joiselén
Published: August 2023

Urban processes are shaped by heterogeneous knowledges produced by multiple rationalities. Acknowledging this diversity, this article asks: What is the role of universities mobilizing diverse knowledge and their articulation with planning processes? It reflects on the role of Cuban universities in translating diverse and situated knowledge. Building upon debates on epistemic justice and recognizing the nuances of the Cuban process, it provides a historical review of the changing role of universities, discussing how different knowledge paradigms have governed their urban planning work. Pondering this history, it concludes by discussing current challenges of universities to advance toward more mestizo urban knowledges.
Medico-Legal Cases in Breast Imaging in Canada: A Trend Analysis
Authors: Seely Jean M. , Payant Laura , Zhang Cathy , Aslanova Rana , Chothia Sharon , MacIntyre Anna , Trop Isabelle , Yang Qian , Garber Gary , Patlas Michael
Published: August 2023

Purpose: Breast imaging accounts for a large proportion of medico-legal cases involving radiologists in several countries and may be a disincentive to breast imaging. As this has not been well studied in Canada, we evaluated the key medico-legal issues of breast imaging in Canada and their implications for health care providers and patient safety. Methods: In collaboration with Canadian Medical Protective Association (CMPA), we obtained information from the medico-legal repository, including civil-legal, medical regulatory authority (College) and hospital complaints occurring between 2002-2021. Canadian Classification of Health Interventions (CCI) codes were used for breast imaging and biopsy. Trend analysis was done comparing cases involving breast imaging/biopsy to all cases where a radiologist was named. Results: Radiologists were named in 3108 medico-legal cases, 188 (6%, 188/3108) of which were CCI coded for breast imaging or biopsy. Factors related to radiologists were most frequent (64%, 120/188), followed by team (23.4%, 44/188) and system (6.9%, 13/188). Equal representation of male and female radiologists was found (IRR = 1.22; 95% CI: .89, 1.56). In a 10-year test window from 2006 - 2015 we identified an increasing trend for all cases involving radiologists ( P = 0,0128) but a decreasing trend for cases coded with breast imaging or biopsy ( P = 0,0099). Conclusions: A significant decrease in cases involving breast imaging were found from 2006-2015, accounting for 6% of the medico-legal cases. The lower risk of breast imaging medico-legal issues may encourage more radiologists in breast imaging.
When Potential Allies and Targets Do (and Do Not) Confront Anti-Asian Prejudice: Reactions to Blatant and Subtle Prejudice During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ratcliff Jennifer J. , Andrus Tyra , Miller Audrey K. , Olowu Folake , Capellupo Jessica
Published: August 2023

Anti-Asian xenophobia has exploded during the COVID-19 pandemic, after U.S. political leaders promoted anti-Asian rhetoric from its start. Confronting prejudice interrupts future perpetration of such prejudice, but confronting prejudice can only occur to the extent actions are first attributed to prejudice. Bystanders may attribute less prejudice to speech about the “Chinese Virus” than to more blatant stereotype expression, for example, and therefore be less vehement in their confrontations. Across two studies, we examined the impact of anti-Asian prejudice type (blatant, subtle, or no prejudice) and bystander race/ethnicity (White or Asian American/Pacific Islander [AAPI]), on prejudice attribution, willingness to confront, actual confrontation, and confrontation vehemence. In the context of a hiring manager justifying rejection of a Chinese applicant, we predicted that blatant prejudice would be detected and confronted most willingly, and subtle prejudice more willingly than no prejudice, and that prejudice detection would mediate the relationship between prejudice type and willingness to confront. Further, we expected AAPI bystanders to detect anti-Asian prejudice more readily than White bystanders, but to confront at lower rates, with actual confrontations being more vehement following blatant (relative to subtle or no) prejudice. Analyses were conducted using SPSS 27 and the PROCESS v4.1 macro, controlling for potential confounds such as political orientation and individual-level prejudice (expressed or perceived). Results of both studies ( n = 142 [Study 1], n = 274 [Study 2]) supported hypotheses, except in Study 1 bystanders exposed to subtle prejudice were no more willing to confront than no-prejudice controls. Results of exploratory analyses indicated that attribution to prejudice was the primary obstacle to confrontation following subtle prejudice, whereas action taking was the primary obstacle following blatant prejudice. This research underscores the need for interventions to increase detection of all forms of anti-Asian prejudice and to provide would-be confronters with effective confrontation tools.
Behavioral Impairments and Increased Risk of Cortical Atrophy Risk Scores Among World Trade Center Responders
Authors: Chen Allen P. F. , Ismail Zahinoor , Mann Frank D. , Bromet Evelyn J. , Clouston Sean A. P. , Luft Benjamin J.
Published: August 2023

Objective: World Trade Center (WTC) responders are susceptible to both cognitive and neuropsychiatric impairments, particularly chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. The present study examined self-reported behavioral impairments in a sample of 732 WTC responders, 199 of whom were determined to have high risk of WTC-related cortical atrophy by an artificial neural network. Results: We found that responders at increased risk of cortical atrophy showed behavioral impairment across five domains: motivation, mood, disinhibition, empathy, and psychosis (14.6% vs 3.9% in the low-risk group; P = 3.90 × 10−7). Factor analysis models revealed that responders at high risk of cortical atrophy tended to have deficits generalized across all aspects of behavioral impairment with focal dysfunction in sensory psychosis. We additionally describe how relationships are modulated by exposure severity and pharmacological treatments. Discussion: Our findings suggest a potential link between sensory deficits and the development of cortical atrophy in WTC responders and may indicate symptoms consistent with a clinical portrait of parietal dominant Alzheimer's disease or a related dementia (ADRD). Results underscore the importance of investigating neuropsychiatric symptomatology in clinical evaluations of possible ADRD.
Visioning Alternatives to Segregated Education: A Disability Justice and Access-Centered Pedagogy Approach
Authors: Acevedo Sara M. , Brown Lydia X.Z. , Cowing Jess L.
Published: August 2023

In the United States, as in most of the Global North, disability has historically been regarded as a deficit, requiring clinical intervention, professional oversight, and special schooling. This ideology, referred to as ableism, is linked with settler colonialism and the matrix of oppression that upholds racial capitalism. The aims of this paper are twofold: First, we examine the correlation among normative whiteness, racialized exploitation, and the depiction of disabled Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) as disposable others. Second, we employ a joint biopolitical and settler colonial analysis to re-examine US special education drawing on our experiences as disabled, critical disability studies scholars—two of whom are negatively racialized and two of whom are queer. Finally, we draw upon the principles of Disability Justice and Access-Centered Pedagogy to formulate recommendations for an alternative to segregated education for all students, centering the experiences of those disproportionately impacted by systemic oppression.
Ride-Hail Drivers, Taxi Drivers and Multiple Jobholders: Who Takes the Most Risks and Why?
Authors: Lefcoe Alexandra D , Connelly Catherine E , Gellatly Ian R
Published: August 2023

Little is known about how the use of ride-hail apps (e.g. Uber, Lyft) affects drivers’ propensity to engage in risky behaviours. Drawing on labour process theory, this study examines how algorithmic control of ride-hail drivers encourages risky driving (i.e. violating road safety rules, carrying weapons). Furthermore, the theory of work precarity is used to explain why multiple jobholders (MJHers), who work for ride-hail companies, drive taxis and hold other jobs, may be more likely to take risks while driving due to income insecurity and erratic work hours. The hypotheses are tested in a sample ( N = 191) of ride-hail drivers, taxi drivers and MJHers. The results suggest that MJHers are more likely to engage in risky driving in comparison to ride-hail and taxi drivers. Theoretical, practical and policy implications are discussed.
Carbon fibre reinforced plastic for smartness car body design, practice and simulation
Authors: Lv Shunya , Hou Jing , Lin Zhangxi , Chen Xin , Gao Jianye , Gao Zhendong , Hong Bin
Published: August 2023

With the vigorous implementation of national policies and regulations such as energy-saving and emission reduction, lightweighting has become one of the trends in the development of the automotive industry, which is of great significance in reducing energy consumption and increasing the range of vehicles. This paper is based on a newly developed smartness car body designed for elderly users, which aims to solve the problem of mobility and companionship for the elderly, with a maximum speed of 20 km/h and a weight requirement of 45 kg or less. This paper focuses on the lightweight technology of the body of the smartness car, using carbon fibre composite material as the carrier, and using simulation analysis combined with experimental testing to systematically study the body material selection, structure and process, and to carry out force analysis, finite element analysis and modal analysis on the designed body, verifying that the body of the smartness car meets the lightweight design requirements.
The political leaning of the neuroscience discourse about school education in the French press from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Brun Cédric , Penavayre Marie , Gonon Francois
Published: August 2023

Political actors pay attention to newspapers because they stimulate them to address a topic, reflect public opinion, provide feedback to their decisions, and help them to generate effective messages. Previous surveys showed that this is true for scientific issues. It follows that the newspaper coverage of scientific issues should appear as politically oriented, as observed regarding climate change. Here, we tested this prediction regarding educational neuroscience. This scientific issue is interesting because it implies no major economic interest and because the relevance of neuroscience regarding teaching in the classroom is still highly controversial. As hypothesized, we observed that the French press appeared strongly polarized: the right-leaning press was mostly favorable to educational neuroscience, whereas critical opinions were mainly found in the social-democrat press. Although the relevance of neuroscience toward teaching was rarely discussed in scientific arguments, political actors often invoked educational neuroscience in the press to legitimate their decision.
Single Parenting: Impact on Child’s Development
Authors: Chavda Kersi , Nisarga Vinyas
Published: August 2023

Age-old societal beliefs are being challenged and constantly changing with urbanization, industrialization, and modernization, which have blurred the typical family gender roles and structure. The studies conducted 2 to 3 decades back showed that family instability can negatively affect children’s development. The absence or loss of one parent and conflicts between separated and divorced parents affect not only the child’s mental health but also the child’s physical health, overall growth, and future relationships. Single parents are often overburdened with the responsibilities of 2 parents, face social stigma, and lack social support, as a result they have difficulty spending time with their children. Hence children of single parents have poor academic performance, decreased social interactions, emotional and behavioral problems. Newer research has focused on the positive outcomes and protective factors that can steer the child towards better outcome. We need to focus on such protective and resilience-building factors to help the child adjust in the short and long run.