bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Reserve Decisions in Relief Supply Chains with a Blockchain-Supported Second-Hand E-Commerce Platform
Authors: Ju Yingjie , Wang Yue , Yang Jianliang , Feng Yu , Ren Yuheng
Published: July 2024

This paper develops a novel government reserve strategy, employing a blockchain-supported second-hand E-commerce platform, specifically designed to mitigate the depreciation and expiration of disaster relief supplies. Utilizing the newsvendor model and convex optimization techniques, this study evaluates the efficacy of a rotational strategy for optimal pre-positioning of supplies, considering the dynamic conditions of supply chain performance. Additionally, the paper demonstrates how blockchain technology significantly enhances the traceability of supplies, which is crucial for effective supply management. Empirical data analysis reveals that exceeding a critical price threshold on the platform not only augments the government’s optimal reserve levels but also substantially decreases operational costs. In scenarios where the supply chain is well coordinated, optimal reserve quantities are affected by variables such as the likelihood of disaster events, the success rate of sales, and a supply traceability index. This research extends the application of blockchain and E-commerce technologies within disaster management supply chains and offers new insights and practical approaches for improving E-commerce practices in this context.
Coupling Coordination Relationship and Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity between Functional Diversification and Settlement Evolution in Traditional Mountain Areas (2000–2020): A Case Study of Fengjie County, China
Authors: Zhao Wenxin , Li Yangbing , Wang Qingrong , Shao Jing’an
Published: July 2024

Since the socio-economic reform in 1978, rural China has undergone drastic spatial restructuring, and the trend of multifunctional development and dynamic evolution of settlements in the countryside have become increasingly obvious. Functions and settlements are the important parts of rural areas. Rural multifunction is a new perspective to explore the diversified development paths of the countryside, and rural settlements provide basic support for rural multifunction. Clarifying the complex coupling coordination relationship between rural functional diversification (RFD) and rural settlement evolution (RSE), and identifying the spatial heterogeneity of their interactions is the key to promoting the rural revitalization strategy. This study analyzes the spatiotemporal changes in rural functions and rural settlements at the township level, alongside assessing various forms and the extent of coupled development. Therein, we consider the advantages of different coupling types of townships and propose four development paths for rural settlements to improve the adaptability of rural functions and settlements. The results show that: (1) The functions and settlements in the study area are characterized by significant spatial and temporal dynamics, indicating that the traditional mountainous countryside is in a process of rapid development and change. (2) The coupling coordination degree of RFD and RSE increases yearly, generally transitioning from the moderate imbalance to the basic coordination stage, and the coordinated townships have obvious spatial agglomeration. (3) Based on the elasticity coefficient model, this paper summarizes four coupling models of RFD and RSE to guide the optimization of rural settlement development paths. This research provides scientific guidance for developing countries in the spatial planning of rural territories and the optimization of rural settlements.
Assessing Perceived Landscape Change from Opportunistic Spatiotemporal Occurrence Data
Authors: Dunkel Alexander , Burghardt Dirk
Published: July 2024

The exponential growth of user-contributed data provides a comprehensive basis for assessing collective perceptions of landscape change. A variety of possible public data sources exist, such as geospatial data from social media or volunteered geographic information (VGI). Key challenges with such “opportunistic” data sampling are variability in platform popularity and bias due to changing user groups and contribution rules. In this study, we use five case studies to demonstrate how intra- and inter-dataset comparisons can help to assess the temporality of landscape scenic resources, such as identifying seasonal characteristics for a given area or testing hypotheses about shifting popularity trends observed in the field. By focusing on the consistency and reproducibility of temporal patterns for selected scenic resources and comparisons across different dimensions of data, we aim to contribute to the development of systematic methods for disentangling the perceived impact of events and trends from other technological and social phenomena included in the data. The proposed techniques may help to draw attention to overlooked or underestimated patterns of landscape change, fill in missing data between periodic surveys, or corroborate and support field observations. Despite limitations, the results provide a comprehensive basis for developing indicators with a high degree of timeliness for monitoring perceived landscape change over time.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Sustainable Urban Transformation: Perspectives on City-Level Actions and a Framework for the Future
Authors: Callenberg Mia , Barnwal Aloke , Bakarr Mohamed Imam
Published: July 2024

Cities were at the center of the COVID-19 pandemic due to the concentration of affected populations and economic activities that needed to be revived to support global recovery. While cities offer strong economic and social benefits due to density, proximity, and global connectivity, the pandemic had a tremendous impact on their vital functions. It resulted in lost lives and livelihoods and deepened economic and social divides. Furthermore, the pandemic exacerbated many existing environmental challenges in cities. This presented an opportunity to tackle these interlinked challenges in an integrated manner. Evidence suggests that many city leaders integrated environmental sustainability as an important element to complement their emergency responses. Drawing from experiences in cities around the world, particularly those participating in the Sustainable Cities Program supported by the Global Environment Facility (GEF), this paper describes how integrated solutions were applied to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. Consistent with a Healthy Planet Healthy People concept, a framework is proposed for sustainable urban transformation and to build cities that are resilient to shocks and stresses. With global environmental benefits at the core, the framework highlights the importance of integration, inclusion, and innovation as key approaches in steering the future green growth and prosperity of cities.
Energy Security, Energy Transition, and Foreign Investments: An Evolving Complex Relationship
Authors: Mauro Maria Rosaria
Published: July 2024

Energy has historically enticed significant interest from foreign investors. Simultaneously, it has perpetually held a pivotal position in any nation’s framework. Consequently, governments have long regarded energy security as a paramount concern, crucial for ensuring national stability. Energy security, simply put, is defined as “the availability of sufficient supplies at affordable prices.” However, a more contemporary perspective also emphasizes the necessity for long-term sustainability in the supply. This perspective adds a new foundational element—sustainability—to the concept of energy security. Stemming from this premise, two phenomena in the energy sector emerge that could impact international foreign direct investment (FDI) flows. Firstly, the transition from hydrocarbons to renewable sources necessitates substantial investment, wherein foreign investments could play a pivotal role. Secondly, there is an increasing trend of States utilizing FDI for strategic objectives. The acquisition of strategic energy infrastructure by foreign entities is now perceived as a risk to the energy supply security of nations. Consequently, several States have bolstered their FDI screening mechanisms to assess potential impacts on supply security, infrastructure operation, and national security in general. These two aforementioned phenomena may sometimes conflict. This article aims to analyze the intricate relationship between energy security, energy transition, and foreign investments. The author posits that an overly broad interpretation of national security and the misuse of screening mechanisms could serve as instruments for shielding the domestic economy, potentially undermining the foreign investment legal framework. Such an approach in the energy sector could have a “chilling effect,” leading to a reduction in FDI and impeding the energy transition or the attainment of other energy-related objectives. At the same time, a deep reform of the international investment regime is required, which should go through a modification of International Investment Agreements (IIAs) clauses but also through a more environmentally friendly approach by investment arbitral tribunals. It appears extremely difficult to find a balance between international investment law and environmental/climate change law. In this context, the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT), which has recently undergone a “modernization process,” is assumed to be a test bench.
Feature Paper in Oral Physiology and Pathology
Authors: Minervini Giuseppe
Published: July 2024

In the realm of life sciences, the journal ‘Life’ has consistently served as a beacon for groundbreaking research and scientific discovery [...]
Understanding the Landscape of Multi-Cancer Detection Tests: The Current Data and Clinical Considerations
Authors: Cotner Cody E. , O’Donnell Elizabeth
Published: July 2024

Multi-cancer detection (MCD) tests are blood-based assays that screen for multiple cancers concurrently and offer a promising approach to improve early cancer detection and screening uptake. To date, there have been two prospective interventional studies evaluating MCD tests as a screening tool in human subjects. No MCD tests are currently approved by the FDA, but there is one commercially available MCD test. Ongoing trials continue to assess the efficacy, safety, and cost implications of MCD tests. In this review, we discuss the performance of CancerSEEK and Galleri, two leading MCD platforms, and discuss the clinical consideration for the broader application of this new technology.
Sports Injuries in Basketball Players: A Systematic Review
Authors: Aksović Nikola , Bubanj Saša , Bjelica Bojan , Kocić Miodrag , Lilić Ljubiša , Zelenović Milan , Stanković Dušan , Milanović Filip , Pajović Lazar , Čaprić Ilma , Milić Vladan , Dobrescu Tatiana , Sufaru Constantin
Published: July 2024

(1) Background: The objective of this systematic review was to collect relevant data in the available contemporary studies about sports injuries of basketball players and explain differences in sports injuries relative to gender, location, sport, and position on the court; (2) Methods: The papers were searched digitally using PubMed, MEDLINE, ERIC, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases, from 1990 to 2024; (3) Results: The most frequent severe injuries for both genders are knee and ankle injuries and the most frequent forms of injury are ankle sprain and ligament strain. The most frequent injuries occur during running and after contact with the ball. Shooting guards sustain the highest injury rate followed by centers and point guards, while guards have the highest rate of adductor muscle injury; and (4) Conclusions: Studies indicate that ankle and knee injuries are prevalent among basketball players, with ankle sprains being particularly prevalent. Knee injuries are more common in female basketball players, including ACL injuries. Various factors contribute to injuries, including the biomechanics of jumping, landing, sudden changes in direction, and the physical demands placed on the body during the game.
A Novel Approach for Preparing Sepiolite Micron Powder Based on Steam Pressure Changes
Authors: Yang Wenjia , Zhou Youhang , Song Jialin , Li Yuze , Gong Tianyu
Published: July 2024

As a common method for preparing micron powder in industrial operations, the mechanical extrusion method simply pursues the particle size without considering the microstructure characteristics of sepiolite, which leads to problems such as bundles of sepiolite not being effectively dispersed, and thus the disruption of fibers is inevitably caused. In this work, a new micronization method for disaggregating these bundles while preserving the original structural integrity of the fibers is proposed based on steam pressure changes. The effects of steam pressure changes on the particle size distribution, microstructure, and properties of treated sepiolite are studied using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and a specific surface area and aperture analyzer (BET). The experimental results show that the particle size of sepiolite powder depends greatly on steam pressure, and sepiolite powder with mass ratio of 91.6% and a particle size D97 of 21.27 μm is obtained at a steam pressure of 0.6 MPa. Compared to the sepiolite after mechanical extrusion, the sepiolite treated with steam pressure changes can maintain the integrity of its crystalline structure. The specific surface area of sepiolite enhanced from 80.15 m2 g−1 to 141.63 m2 g−1 as the steam pressure increased from 0.1 to 0.6 MPa, which is about 1.6 times that of the sample treated with mechanical extrusion.
Dual Light Emission of CsSnI3-Based Powders Synthesized via a Mechanochemical Process
Authors: Huang Xuan , Tang Xiaobing , Wen Xiyu , Lu Yuebin Charles , Yang Fuqian
Published: July 2024

Lead toxicity has hindered the wide applications of lead halide perovskites in optoelectronics and bioimaging. A significant amount of effort has been made to synthesize lead-free halide perovskites as alternatives to lead halide perovskites. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of synthesizing CsSnI3-based powders mechanochemically with dual light emissions under ambient conditions from CsI and SnI2 powders. The formed CsSnI3-based powders are divided into CsSnI3-dominated powders and CsSnI3-contained powders. Under the excitation of ultraviolet light of 365 nm in wavelength, the CsSnI3-dominated powders emit green light with a wavelength centered at 540 nm, and the CsSnI3-contained powders emit orange light with a wavelength centered at 608 nm. Both the CsSnI3-dominated and CsSnI3-contained powders exhibit infrared emission with the peak emission wavelengths centered at 916 nm and 925 nm, respectively, under a laser of 785 nm in wavelength. From the absorbance spectra, we obtain bandgaps of 2.32 eV and 2.08 eV for the CsSnI3-dominated and CsSnI3-contained powders, respectively. The CsSnI3-contained powders exhibit the characteristics of thermal quenching and photoelectrical response under white light.
Mechanical Properties, Drug Release, Biocompatibility, and Antibacterial Activities of Modified Emulsified Gelatin Microsphere Loaded with Gentamicin Composite Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement In Vitro
Authors: Hu Ming-Hsien , Shih Bo-Sin , Liu Shih-Ming , Huang Ssu-Meng , Ko Chia-Ling , Chen Wen-Cheng
Published: July 2024

Bone defects are commonly addressed with bone graft substitutes; however, surgical procedures, particularly for open and complex fractures, may pose a risk of infection. As such, a course of antibiotics combined with a drug carrier is often administered to mitigate potential exacerbations. This study involved the preparation and modification of emulsified (Em) crosslinking-gelatin (gel) microspheres (m-Em) to reduce their toxicity. The antibiotic gentamicin was impregnated into gel microspheres (m-EmG), which were incorporated into calcium phosphate bone cement (CPC). The study investigated the effects of m-EmG@CPC on antibacterial activity, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and proliferation and mineralization of mouse progenitor osteoblasts (D1 cells). The average size of the gel microspheres ranged from 22.5 to 16.1 μm, with no significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). Most of the oil content within the microspheres was transferred through modification, resulting in reduced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, antibiotic-impregnated m-EmG did not compromise the intrinsic properties of the microspheres and exhibited remarkably antibacterial effects. After combining with CPC (m-EmG@CPC), the microspheres did not significantly hinder the CPC reaction and produced the main product, hydroxyapatite (HA). However, the compressive strength of the largest microsphere content of 0.5 wt.% m-EmG in CPC decreased significantly from 59.8 MPa of CPC alone to 38.7 MPa of 0.5m-EmG@CPC (p < 0.05). The 0.5m-EmG@CPC composite was effective against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in drug release and antibacterial tests. Compared with m-EmG alone, the 0.5m-EmG@CPC composite showed no toxicity to mouse fibroblast cells (L929). Additionally, the proliferation and mineralization of mouse osteoblastic osteoprogenitor cells (D1 cells) did not have a negative impact on the 0.5m-EmG@CPC composite over time in culture compared with CPC alone. Results suggest that the newly developed antibacterial 0.5m-EmG@CPC composite bone cement did not negatively affect the performance of osteoprogenitor cells and could be a new option for bone graft replacement in surgeries.
Characterisation of Fe Distribution in the Liquid–Solid Boundary of Al–Zn–Mg–Si Alloy Using Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Tian He , Qu Dongdong , Setargew Nega , Parker Daniel J. , Paterson David J. , StJohn David , Nogita Kazuhiro
Published: July 2024

Al–Zn–Mg–Si alloy coatings have been developed to inhibit the corrosion of cold-rolled steel sheets by offering galvanic and barrier protection to the substrate steel. It is known that Fe deposited from the steel strip modifies the microstructure of the alloy. We cast samples of Al–Zn–Mg–Si coating alloys containing 0.4 wt% Fe and directionally solidified them using a Bridgman furnace to quantify the effect of this Fe addition between 600 °C and 240 °C. By applying a temperature gradient, growth is encouraged, and by then quenching the sample in coolant, the microstructure may be frozen. These samples were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to determine the morphological effects of the Fe distribution across the experimental temperature range. However, due to the sub 1 wt% concentration of Fe, synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) was applied to quantitatively confirm the Fe distribution. Directionally solidified samples were scanned at 7.05 keV and 18.5 keV using X-ray fluorescence at the Australian Synchrotron using the Maia array detector. It was found that a mass nucleation event of the Fe-based τ6 phase occurred at 495 °C following the nucleation of the primary α-Al phase as a result of a peritectic reaction with remaining liquid.
Learning Transformed Dynamics for Efficient Control Purposes
Authors: Ghnatios Chady , Mouterde Joel , Tomezyk Jerome , Da Silva Joaquim , Chinesta Francisco
Published: July 2024

Learning linear and nonlinear dynamical systems from available data is a timely topic in scientific machine learning. Learning must be performed while enforcing the numerical stability of the learned model, the existing knowledge within an informed or augmented setting, or by taking into account the multiscale dynamics—for both linear and nonlinear dynamics. However, when the final objective of such a learned dynamical system is to be used for control purposes, learning transformed dynamics can be advantageous. Therefore, many alternatives exists, and the present paper focuses on two of them: the first based on the discovery and use of the so-called flat control and the second one based on the use of the Koopman theory. The main contributions when addressing the first is the discovery of the flat output transformation by using an original neural framework. Moreover, when using the Koopman theory, this paper proposes an original procedure for learning parametric dynamics in the latent space, which is of particular interest in control-based engineering applications.
Nonlinear Identification for Control by Using NARMAX Models
Authors: Stefanoiu Dan , Culita Janetta , Voinea Andreea-Cristina , Voinea Vasilica
Published: July 2024

The identification (and control) of nonlinear systems is one of the most important and actual research directions. Moreover, many systems are multivariable. Different from linear system identification (where only a few classes of models are available), in the case of nonlinear systems, the class set of models is quite diverse. One of the most appealing nonlinear models belongs to the nonlinear ARMAX (NARMAX) class. This article focusses on the identification of such a model, which can be compared with other models (such as nonlinear ARX (NARX) and linear ARMAX) in an application based on the didactical installation ASTANK2. The mathematical foundation of NARMAX models and their identification method are described at length within this article. One of the most interesting parts is concerned with the identification of optimal models not only in terms of numerical parameters but also as structure. A metaheuristic (namely, the Cuckoo Search Algorithm) is employed with the aim of finding the optimal structural indices based on a special cost function, referred to as fitness. In the end, the performances of all three models (NARMAX, NARX, and ARMAX) are compared after the identification of the ASTANK2 installation.
MMCMOO: A Novel Multispectral Pansharpening Method
Authors: Chen Yingxia , Xu Yingying
Published: July 2024

From the perspective of optimization, most of the current mainstream remote sensing data fusion methods are based on traditional mathematical optimization or single objective optimization. The former requires manual parameter tuning and easily falls into local optimum. Although the latter can overcome the shortcomings of traditional methods, the single optimization objective makes it unable to combine the advantages of multiple models, which may lead to distortion of the fused image. To address the problems of missing multi-model combination and parameters needing to be set manually in the existing methods, a pansharpening method based on multi-model collaboration and multi-objective optimization is proposed, called MMCMOO. In the proposed new method, the multi-spectral image fusion problem is transformed into a multi-objective optimization problem. Different evolutionary strategies are used to design a variety of population generation mechanisms, and a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is used to optimize the two proposed target models, so as to obtain the best pansharpening quality. The experimental results show that the proposed method is superior to the traditional methods and single objective methods in terms of visual comparison and quantitative analysis on our datasets.
End-to-End Deep Learning Framework for Arabic Handwritten Legal Amount Recognition and Digital Courtesy Conversion
Authors: Abdo Hakim A. , Abdu Ahmed , Al-Antari Mugahed A. , Manza Ramesh R. , Talo Muhammed , Gu Yeong Hyeon , Bawiskar Shobha
Published: July 2024

Arabic handwriting recognition and conversion are crucial for financial operations, particularly for processing handwritten amounts on cheques and financial documents. Compared to other languages, research in this area is relatively limited, especially concerning Arabic. This study introduces an innovative AI-driven method for simultaneously recognizing and converting Arabic handwritten legal amounts into numerical courtesy forms. The framework consists of four key stages. First, a new dataset of Arabic legal amounts in handwritten form (“.png” image format) is collected and labeled by natives. Second, a YOLO-based AI detector extracts individual legal amount words from the entire input sentence images. Third, a robust hybrid classification model is developed, sequentially combining ensemble Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with a Vision Transformer (ViT) to improve the prediction accuracy of single Arabic words. Finally, a novel conversion algorithm transforms the predicted Arabic legal amounts into digital courtesy forms. The framework’s performance is fine-tuned and assessed using 5-fold cross-validation tests on the proposed novel dataset, achieving a word level detection accuracy of 98.6% and a recognition accuracy of 99.02% at the classification stage. The conversion process yields an overall accuracy of 90%, with an inference time of 4.5 s per sentence image. These results demonstrate promising potential for practical implementation in diverse Arabic financial systems.
Unraveling Time Series Dynamics: Evaluating Partial Autocorrelation Function Distribution and Its Implications
Authors: Hassani Hossein , Marvian Leila , Yarmohammadi Masoud , Yeganegi Mohammad Reza
Published: July 2024

The objective of this paper is to assess the distribution of the Partial Autocorrelation Function (PACF), both theoretically and empirically, emphasizing its crucial role in modeling and forecasting time series data. Additionally, it evaluates the deviation of the sum of sample PACF from normality: identifying the lag at which departure occurs. Our investigation reveals that the sum of the sample PACF, and consequently its components, diverges from the expected normal distribution beyond a certain lag. This observation challenges conventional assumptions in time series modeling and forecasting, indicating a necessity for reassessment of existing methodologies. Through our analysis, we illustrate the practical implications of our findings using real-world scenarios, highlighting their significance in unraveling complex data patterns. This study delves into 185 years of monthly Bank of England Rate data, utilizing this extensive dataset to conduct an empirical analysis. Furthermore, our research paves the way for future exploration, offering insights into the complexities and potential revisions in time series analysis, modeling, and forecasting.
Progranulin and Vaspin as Potential Novel Markers in the Etiology of Type 1 Diabetes in Children
Authors: Jakubek-Kipa Katarzyna , Galiniak Sabina , Mazur Artur
Published: July 2024

Background and Objectives: Diabetes is a significant health problem, prompting the search for new therapeutic strategies. Recently, researchers have focused on identifying novel markers for the progression of this condition. It is well established that adipokines, such as progranulin and vaspin, play crucial roles in regulating lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Materials and Methods: This single-center cross-sectional study aimed to assess serum progranulin and vaspin levels in 80 children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to examine their correlation with body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin, and lipid profile. The cohort included 40 children newly diagnosed with diabetes, 40 children with long-term diabetes (20 well-controlled and 20 poorly controlled), and 14 non-diabetic children as a control group. Progranulin and vaspin levels were determined using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: There were no significant differences in the progranulin and vaspin concentrations in the studied groups (p = 0.246 and p = 0.095, respectively). No statistically significant differences were noted in the levels of both adipokines among boys and girls within the T1D, well-controlled T1D, and poorly controlled T1D groups. We did not find any differences in the progranulin and vaspin levels among all children with T1D and healthy controls when divided based on BMI percentiles. A negative correlation was observed between progranulin concentration and the age of children in the T1D, well-controlled T1D, and healthy groups. Furthermore, progranulin correlated negatively with BMI among children with T1D. In contrast, vaspin concentration correlated positively with age among healthy children. Conclusions: Our study provides novel insights into the status of progranulin and vaspin among pediatric participants with varying levels of type 1 diabetes control. However, further research involving larger patient cohorts and different stages of sexual maturation is warranted.
Factors Associated with Postpartum Depression among Women in Eastern Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nasralla Khalid , Omar Saeed , Alharbi Ghusun , Aljarallah Fai , AlHabardi Nadiah , Adam Ishag
Published: July 2024

Background and Objectives: Postpartum depression is one of the most common complications of childbirth. While the epidemiology of postpartum depression has been extensively studied in African countries, there is little published data on the topic in Sudan. In addition, no studies have been conducted in Eastern Sudan. This study aims to evaluate the factors associated with postpartum depression among Sudanese women in Gadarif in Eastern Sudan. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study (using the systematic random sampling technique) of women presenting to Gadarif Maternity Hospital for postnatal follow-up within six weeks of childbirth was conducted. A questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic information, and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to assess postpartum depression. Results: Three hundred women were enrolled in the study. The median (interquartile) age and parity were 30.0 (25.0–34.0) years and 2 (1–4). Thirty-one (10.3%) of the women had postpartum depression. A univariate analysis showed that a past history of depression was the only factor associated with postpartum depression (OR = 3.04, 95% CI = 1.03–8.97). Other investigated factors (age, parity, educational level, occupation, history of previous miscarriage or intrauterine fetal death, a family history of depression, financial support, medical insurance, whether the pregnancy was planned or not, and if the gender of the newborn was known before delivery) were not associated with postpartum depression. Conclusions: The current study showed that 1 out of 10 women had postpartum depression that was associated with a past history of depression. Factors that have been reported to be associated with postpartum depression in African countries (age, parity, education, and occupation) were not found to be associated in this study. Mental health assessment needs to be employed for women in their antenatal and postpartum periods.
Annual Trends of High Tibial Osteotomy: Analysis of an Official Registry in Italy
Authors: Longo Umile Giuseppe , Mazzola Alessandro , Campi Stefano , Salvatore Giuseppe , Candela Vincenzo , Casciaro Carlo , Giannarelli Diana , D’Hooghe Margaux , Papalia Rocco
Published: July 2024

Background and Objectives: Knee osteoarthritis is a serious burden for modern countries. Timing of surgery and treatment choice are still a matter of controversy in the orthopedic literature. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the incidence and hospitalization trends of high tibial osteotomy in Italy from 2001 to 2016. Materials and Methods: Data are sourced from the National Hospital Discharge Reports (SDO) of the Italian Ministry of Health between 2001 and 2016. Results: A total of 34,402 high tibial osteotomies were performed over the study period in Italy. The cumulative incidence was 3.6 cases per 100,000 residents. The age classes 50–54, 55–59 showed the higher number of procedures. In pediatric patients (0–19 years), high tibial osteotomies are also largely performed. The majority of patients having surgery were men with a M/F ratio of 1.5. The mean age of patients was 44.2 ± 19.2 years. Males were significantly younger than females (43.3 ± 20.7 vs. 45.6 ± 17.7). The average length of hospitalization was 6.1 ± 7.3 days. Over the course of the analysis, a declining trend in hospital stay length was seen. The main primary diagnosis codes were “Varus knee” (736.42 ICD-9-CM code, 33.9%), “Osteoarthrosis, localized, primary, leg region” (715.16 ICD-9-CM code, 9.5%). Conclusions: Over the study period, high tibial osteotomies in Italy almost halved. Varus deformity and knee osteoarthritis are the leading causes requiring high tibial osteotomy. Except for the pediatric setting, results showed that from the 20–24 age class to the 50–54 age class, there was an increasing request for knee osteotomy, whereas in those aged >60 years, the incidence progressively decreased. The evident decline in HTO performed over the years in Italy seems to reflect a minor role for knee osteotomy in the management of knee OA, as it seems to be primarily reserved for younger male patients.
Antimalarial Drugs at the Intersection of SARS-CoV-2 and Rheumatic Diseases: What Are the Potential Opportunities?
Authors: Abisheva Saule , Rutskaya-Moroshan Kristina , Nuranova Gulnaz , Batyrkhan Tansholpan , Abisheva Anilim
Published: July 2024

Background and Objectives: The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a serious threat to humanity and is considered a global health emergency. Antimalarial drugs (ADs) have been used in the treatment of immuno-inflammatory arthritis (IIA) and coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The aim of this review is to analyze the current knowledge about the immunomodulatory and antiviral mechanisms of action, characteristics of use, and side effects of antimalarial drugs. Material and Methods: A literature search was carried out using PubMed, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases. The inclusion criteria were the results of randomized and cohort studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and original full-text manuscripts in the English language containing statistically confirmed conclusions. The exclusion criteria were summary reports, newspaper articles, and personal messages. Qualitative methods were used for theoretical knowledge on antimalarial drug usage in AIRDs and SARS-CoV-2 such as a summarization of the literature and a comparison of the treatment methods. Results: The ADs were considered a “candidate” for the therapy of a new coronavirus infection due to mechanisms of antiviral activity, such as interactions with endocytic pathways, the prevention of glycosylation of the ACE2 receptors, blocking sialic acid receptors, and reducing the manifestations of cytokine storms. The majority of clinical trials suggest no role of antimalarial drugs in COVID-19 treatment or prevention. These circumstances do not allow for their use in the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Conclusions: The mechanisms of hydroxychloroquine are related to potential cardiotoxic manifestations and demonstrate potential adverse effects when used for COVID-19. Furthermore, the need for high doses in the treatment of viral infections increases the likelihood of gastrointestinal side effects, the prolongation of QT, and retinopathy. Large randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have refuted the fact that there is a positive effect on the course and results of COVID-19.
Longitudinal Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Planing Method for Processing Micro-Pyramid Arrays
Authors: Gao Jiashun , Xu Zhilong , Guo Bicheng , Lei Yu , Yang Guang
Published: July 2024

Micro-pyramid copper molds are critical components in the preparation of high-precision optical elements, such as light-trapping films and reflective films. Their surfaces are composed of micro-pyramid arrays (MPAs). The surface roughness and edge burrs of MPAs seriously affect the optical properties of optical elements. To reduce the surface roughness, as well as the sizes of the edge burrs, the longitudinal ultrasonic vibration-assisted planing (LUVP) method for processing MPAs was developed during this study. In addition, an experiment was conducted to compare the precision planing and LUVP methods of MPA generation. The results show that the tool nose amplitude of the LUVP experimental platform constructed during this study was 3.3 μm, and that the operating frequency was 19.85 kHz. An MPA processed by LUVP had a smaller surface roughness than that of an MPA produced by precision planing; it also had fewer and smaller edge burrs, and there was slightly less diamond tool wear. The MPA cut using the LUVP method had no corrugation on its surface. This research lays a foundation for developing higher-precision micro-pyramid plastic films.
Erythema Migrans in Patients with Post-Traumatic Splenectomy
Authors: Maraspin Vera , Ogrinc Katarina , Bogovič Petra , Rojko Tereza , Ružić-Sabljić Eva , Wormser Gary P. , Strle Franc
Published: July 2024

Information on asplenic Lyme borreliosis (LB) patients with erythema migrans (EM) is lacking. We compared the course and outcome of 26 EM episodes in 24 post-trauma splenectomized patients (median age 51 years) diagnosed at a single clinical center in Slovenia during 1994–2023 with those of 52 age- and sex-matched patients with EM but with no history of splenectomy. All patients were followed for one year. A comparison of pre-treatment characteristics revealed that EM in splenectomized patients was of shorter duration before diagnosis (4 vs. 8 days, p = 0.034) with a smaller EM diameter (10.5 vs. 14 cm, p = 0.046), and more frequently fulfilled criteria for disseminated LB (3/26, 11.5% vs. 0%, p = 0.034). Treatment failure occurred in 5/26 (19.2%) EM episodes in splenectomized patients versus 0/52 in non-splenectomized patients (p = 0.003). The five treatment failure cases were retreated with antibiotic regimens used to treat EM and had complete resolution of all symptoms/signs. In conclusion, our study showed that splenectomized adult patients with EM differ somewhat in presentation and more often have treatment failure compared with non-splenectomized patients with EM.
The Early Appearance of Asthma and Its Relationship with Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review
Authors: Suárez-Martínez Clara , Santaella-Pascual Marina , Yagüe-Guirao Genoveva , García-Marcos Luis , Ros Gaspar , Martínez-Graciá Carmen
Published: July 2024

Asthma is, worldwide, the most frequent non-communicable disease affecting both children and adults, with high morbidity and relatively low mortality, compared to other chronic diseases. In recent decades, the prevalence of asthma has increased in the pediatric population, and, in general, the risk of developing asthma and asthma-like symptoms is higher in children during the first years of life. The “gut–lung axis” concept explains how the gut microbiota influences lung immune function, acting both directly, by stimulating the innate immune system, and indirectly, through the metabolites it generates. Thus, the process of intestinal microbial colonization of the newborn is crucial for his/her future health, and the alterations that might generate dysbiosis during the first 100 days of life are most influential in promoting hypersensitivity diseases. That is why this period is termed the “critical window”. This paper reviews the published evidence on the numerous factors that can act by modifying the profile of the intestinal microbiota of the infant, thereby promoting or inhibiting the risk of asthma later in life. The following factors are specifically addressed in depth here: diet during pregnancy, maternal adherence to a Mediterranean diet, mode of delivery, exposure to antibiotics, and type of infant feeding during the first three months of life.
Growth and Yield Dynamics in Three Japanese Soybean Cultivars with Plant Growth-Promoting Pseudomonas spp. and Bradyrhizobium ottawaense Co-Inoculation
Authors: Win Khin Thuzar , Tanaka Fukuyo , Minamisawa Kiwamu , Imaizumi-Anraku Haruko
Published: July 2024

Co-inoculation of soybeans with Bradyrhizobium and plant growth-promoting bacteria has displayed promise for enhancing plant growth, but concrete evidence of its impact on soybean yields is limited. Therefore, this study assessed the comparative efficacy of two 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase-producing Pseudomonas species (OFT2 and OFT5) co-inoculated with Bradyrhizobium ottawaense (SG09) on the growth, physiology, nodulation efficiency, and grain yield of three major Japanese soybean cultivars: Enrei, Fukuyutaka, and Satonohohoemi. The experiments were conducted in a warehouse under natural light conditions. The treatments included the inoculation of SG09, SG09 + OFT2, and SG09 + OFT5. Compared with Bradyrhizobium inoculation alone, co-inoculation led to significant improvements in nodulation efficiency, growth, and physiological performance in the Enrei and Fukuyutaka cultivars, but not in the Satonohohoemi cultivar. Furthermore, co-inoculation significantly boosted the total nitrogen content and ion uptake in the shoots, ultimately leading to a remarkable improvement in the grain yield in the Enrei and Fukuyutaka cultivars. These findings contribute to clarifying the interplay among Bradyrhizobium, Pseudomonas, and the plant host cultivar. Notably, Bradyrhizobium–Pseudomonas co-inoculation represents a potentially effective biofertilization strategy for soybean production, highlighting promising avenues for sustainable agricultural practices.
Petrogenesis of the Early Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Adakite-like Rocks in the Erguna Block, NE China: Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean
Authors: Wang Yuanchao , Zhao Yuanyi , Shui Xinfang , Tao Zaili
Published: July 2024

The petrogenesis and geodynamic setting of the Mesozoic magmatic rocks in the Erguna Block, NE China remains controversial, especially the relationship between magmatism and the subduction history of the Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic plate. Here we present data for the Early Jurassic–Early Cretaceous adakite-like magmatic rocks from Chaoman Farm in the northeastern part of the Erguna Block. Zircon U-Pb dating reveals that the syenogranites crystallized at around 190–180 Ma, while the monzonites, quartz diorite porphyries, and quartz monzonite porphyries were emplaced at around 147–143 Ma. The syenogranites, monzonites, quartz diorite porphyries, and quartz monzonite porphyries are adakite-like rocks. The syenogranites and quartz monzonite porphyries were produced by the partial melting of a thickened ancient mafic lower continental crust and a thickened juvenile lower crust, respectively. Meanwhile, the monzonites and quartz diorite porphyries were formed as a result of partial melting of the oceanic crust. In conclusion, the occurrence of these Early Jurassic magmatic rocks was closely linked to the process of southward subduction of the Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic plate. On the contrary, the Late Jurassic to early Early Cretaceous magmatism (147–143 Ma) occurred in an extensional environment, and was probably triggered by upwelling of the asthenosphere.
A Hybrid Structure to Improve Electrochemical Performance of SiO Anode Materials in Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: Yu Jian , Zhang Chaoran , Huang Xiaolu , Cao Leifeng , Wang Aiwu , Dai Wanjun , Li Dikai , Dai Yanmeng , Zhou Cangtao , Zhang Yaozhong , Zhang Yafei
Published: July 2024

The wide utilization of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) prompts extensive research on the anode materials with large capacity and excellent stability. Despite the attractive electrochemical properties of pure Si anodes outperforming other Si-based materials, its unsafety caused by huge volumetric expansion is commonly admitted. Silicon monoxide (SiO) anode is advantageous in mild volume fluctuation, and would be a proper alternative if the low initial columbic efficiency and conductivity can be ameliorated. Herein, a hybrid structure composed of active material SiO particles and carbon nanofibers (SiO/CNFs) is proposed as a solution. CNFs, through electrospun processes, serve as a conductive skeleton for SiO nanoparticles and enable SiO nanoparticles to be uniformly embedded in. As a result, the SiO/CNF electrochemical performance reaches a peak at 20% the mass ratio of SiO, where the retention rate reaches 73.9% after 400 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1, and the discharge capacity after stabilization and 100 cycles are 1.47 and 1.84 times higher than that of pure SiO, respectively. A fast lithium-ion transport rate during cycling is also demonstrated as the corresponding diffusion coefficient of the SiO/CNF reaches ~8 × 10−15 cm2 s−1. This SiO/CNF hybrid structure provides a flexible and cost-effective solution for LIBs and sheds light on alternative anode choices for industrial battery assembly.
Effect of Substitutional Metallic Impurities on the Optical Absorption Properties of TiO2
Authors: Cisternas Eduardo , Aguilera-del-Toro Rodrigo , Aguilera-Granja Faustino , Vogel Eugenio E.
Published: July 2024

(TiO2) is both a natural and artificial compound that is transparent under visible and near-infrared light. However, it could be prepared with other metals, substituting for Ti, thus changing its properties. In this article, we present density functional theory calculations for Ti(1−x)AxO2, where A stands for any of the eight following neutral substitutional impurities, Fe, Ni, Co, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag and Au, based on the rutile structure of pristine TiO2. We use a fully unconstrained version of the density functional method with generalized gradient approximation plus the U exchange and correlation, as implemented in the Quantum Espresso free distribution. Within the limitations of a finite-size cell approximation, we report the band structure, energy gaps and absorption spectrum for all these cases. Rather than stressing precise values, we report on two general features: the location of the impurity levels and the general trends of the optical properties in the eight different systems. Our results show that all these substitutional atoms lead to the presence of electronic levels within the pristine gap, and that all of them produce absorptions in the visible and near-infrared ranges of electromagnetic radiation. Such results make these systems interesting for the fabrication of solar cells. Considering the variety of results, Ni and Ag are apparently the most promising substitutional impurities with which to achieve better performance in capturing the solar radiation on the planet’s surface.
The Human Microbiome as a Therapeutic Target for Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Bui Thi Phuong Nam
Published: July 2024

The human microbiome functions as a separate organ in a symbiotic relationship with the host. Disruption of this host–microbe symbiosis can lead to serious health problems. Modifications to the composition and function of the microbiome have been linked to changes in host metabolic outcomes. Industrial lifestyles with high consumption of processed foods, alcoholic beverages and antibiotic use have significantly altered the gut microbiome in unfavorable ways. Therefore, understanding the causal relationship between the human microbiome and host metabolism will provide important insights into how we can better intervene in metabolic health. In this review, I will discuss the potential use of the human microbiome as a therapeutic target to improve host metabolism.