bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualitative assays and quantitative determinations of xylanolytic enzymes of wood rot fungi from Dagaga and Gambo forests, Ethiopia
Authors:   Ethiopian environment and forest research institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Megersa Shasho , Alemu Melaku ,   Agricultural research council secretariat, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Published: May 2024

Xylan is a second widely available polysaccharide in nature and can be enzymatically degraded for the production of sugars. The complete biodegradation of xylan needs synergistic action of different xylanolytic enzymes. In this research, potential xylanolytic activities of the wood rot basidiomycete fungi from Dagaga and Gambo forests were screened. Xylanases of the potential fungi were also quantitatively determined. Clear zones round the cultures on xylan supplemented agar media of isolate 011-1D (Trametes gibbosa) and 030-1D (Phellinus tremulae) were significantly wider than other isolates. The fungal isolates differently responded to the incubation days both in submerged and solid-state fermentations and most isolates gave higher xylanase yield in solid-state fermentation than in submerged fermentation. The enzymes were active and stable in the temperature range of 40 to 55oC and pH range of 4.0 to 6.0. Incubation temperature of 30 to 35oC and pH of 5.0 to 7.0 were found to be suitable for production of the xylanases from the fungal isolates. Among the supplemented carbon sources, carboxymethylcellulose, xylan and sucrose were found suitable for xylanase productions but most isolates differently responded to the nitrogen source supplementations. MgSO4, ZnSO4 and CaCl2 were also found to be suitable divalent metallic ions for the productions of the enzymes. The isolates could be used for hydrolysis lignocellulosic xylan to 5-carbon sugars by optimizing their growth conditions.
Characterization, antimicrobial and toxicological properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Ocimum gratissimum leaves
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Osun State University, Osun, Nigeria., Adeegbe J. F. , Adewale O. O. ,   Department of Biochemistry, Osun State University, Osun, Nigeria., Agboola F. K. ,   Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria., Oyewole O. I. ,   Department of Biochemistry, Osun State University, Osun, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

Ocimum gratissimum leaves were used in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) that were non-toxic and also possessed antimicrobial properties against clinically isolated pathogenic strains. Some bioactive agents in the aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum leaves (AEOgL) were identified. AgNp synthesis was carried out by incubating the AEOgL and 1 mM AgNO3. The brownish colour obtained upon reduction of silver by the AEOgL was observed. The phytochemicals present are tannins, glycosides, sterols, phenols, alkaloid and terpenoids. There was the presence of a surface plasmon resonance from the UV-visible scan. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometry, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive Analysis (SEM/EDX) and X-ray diffraction analysis. The SEM/EDX analysis indicated that the morphology of the nanoparticles is of a uniform structure and the size of the AgNp was 20 nm. The AgNps showed excellent antimicrobial activity against clinically isolated multi-drug resistant human pathogens used such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. For most biomarkers in the blood biochemistry analysis, there was no significant difference (p<0.05) between the control and treated groups except for alkaline phosphatase. It can concluded from this study that AgNps synthesized from aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum had antimicrobial properties and is also non-toxic at the dosage used.
The virucidal potentials of Tapinanthus globiferus: A Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Geartn epiphytes (whole plant) extract in experimental bronchitis in broiler chicken
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria., Garba M. H. , Ampitan T. A. ,   Department of Forestry Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, P.M.B. 268, New Bussa, Nigeria., Kehinde M. A. ,   Federal College of Wildlife Management, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B.268, New Bussa, Nigeria., Tawakaltu A-A. ,   Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria., Fajobi E. A. ,   Department of Basic Sciences, Federal College of Wildlife Management, P.M.B. 268, New Bussa, Nigeria., Jeje, C. A. ,   Department of Computer Science, Federal College of Wildlife Management, P.M.B. 268, New Bussa, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) belongs to the family Coronaviridae; genus Coronavirus, together with turkey coronavirus and nine species of mammalian viruses. The Tapinanthus globiferus: A Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Geartn epiphytes (whole plant) was prepared and cold extracted using 70% methanol. Acute toxicity studies using set of 36 number of four weeks old apparently healthy chickens grouped into six categories (A-F) was performed. Total numbers of 30, four weeks old broiler chickens were grouped into six (I-VI) with each group consisting of five (n = 5) chickens. Infected birds manifesting all the signs and symptoms of infectious bronchitis (IB) and confirmed through alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatinine phosphor kinase (CPK) assay was isolated and provided with 300 ml of drinking water over a period of 24 hours. The contaminated water was used as the inoculum. The infection was carried out by administering 3 ml of the infective dose to groups I-IV. The treatment with the extract at doses of 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/bw was given to groups I-IV while groups V and VI were the standard and negative controls respectively. Monitoring of the viral load was done at a week interval through the ALP and CPK enzyme assay. Doses of 1000 to 3000 mg/kgbw did not cause any mortality while LD50 was not found even at the highest dose of 5000 mg/kgbw. The doses of 300 and 400 mg/kgbw were found to maintain a very low viral load. Prophylaxis with 400 mg/kgbw for five consecutive days prior to infection does not show any prophylactic effect. Result from this study reveals that methanol extract of Tapinanthus globiferus: A Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Geartn epiphytes has pharmacological effect against IBV with a very low level of toxicity, though, no prophylactic effect.
Assessment of heavy metal concentrations in water and sediments at Motor Park and new bridge areas, lower River Benue, Ibi, Taraba, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Federal University Wukari, Taraba, Nigeria., Ikponmwen E. G. , Igbani F. ,   Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Federal University Wukari, Taraba, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

Heavy metals concentration in water and sediment was investigated at the Motor Park Area and New Bridge Site of lower River Benue, Ibi, Taraba State. The heavy metals levels were examined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) Buck Scientific model 210 VGP using spectrophotometry techniques. The highest mean concentration of Zn recorded in the sediment at the Motor Park Area was 0.55 mg/kg while the lowest value of 0.004 mg/kg was recorded for Cr at the Motor Park Area. The highest mean concentration of Mn recorded in the water was 0.375 mg/l at New Bridge Site while the lowest value of 0.00 mg/l was recorded for Cu. Values for Cu, Cd, Cr. Cu were generally low throughout the study period. There was no significant difference (p>0.005) in Zn concentrations in sediment at the sampled locations (Motor Park Area and New Bridge Site) throughout the study periods. However, Cr, Cd and Pb show variations (p<0.005) at the sampled locations. The concentration of Mn (0.375 mg/l) was not significantly different (p>0.05) from Mn (0.325 mg/l) in water between the two location, Pb value (0.343 mg/l) of water in December at the New Bridge Site exceeded the WHO recommended safe limit. However, all other metals were within the WHO and FMENV safe limit for portable drinking water. Since Pb value (0.343 mg/l) exceeded the WHO and FMENV safe limit for December. It shows that there is need for continuous monitoring of Lower River Benue waters at Ibi, Taraba State.
Effect of chemical composition and T6 heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of a hyper eutectic Al–Si alloy
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria., Mangai M. M. , Aje Tokan ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Bauchi, Nigeria., Mohammed Bawa ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Bauchi, Nigeria., Nicodemus Datau ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

The automotive and aircraft industries’ requirements have led to increasing application of Al–Si alloys thanks to their great potential as a replacement to cast iron and steel. The current work is an investigation of the effect of chemical composition and T6 heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a hyper eutectic Al–Si alloy. Secondary Al–Si alloy ingot was cast using the sand casting technique. Samples were prepared for microstructural examination and mechanical properties tests. One set of the samples was subjected to solution heat treatment at 530°C, quenched in water at room temperature and aged at 175°C for five hours. Microstructural examination of cast samples using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed three main phases in the alloy. Primary α–Al dendritic phase, eutectic Si phase and intermetallic phases of Fe and Mg. After heat treatment, the eutectic Si phase was spheroidized and uniformly distributed, the bonding strength of the α–Al dendritic phase and Si eutectic phase were well distributed, and the Fe and Mg phases precipitated. The ultimate tensile strength and hardness improved by 37.17% and 40.38% respectively. T6 heat treatment is therefore a necessary step in the production of parts made of Al–Si alloy by sand casting.
A predictive Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Model for forecasting inflation rates
Authors:   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria., Adubisi O. D. , David I. J. ,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria., James F.E. ,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria., Awa U. E. ,   Departmentof Statistics, University of Port-Harcourt, River State, Nigeria., Terna A. J. ,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

This paper considers the modelling and forecasting of monthly All-items (12 months average change) inflation rates in Nigeria using the Box-Jenkins (ARIMA) model. Time series data used in the study was collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical web database. The data was differenced twice to achieve stationarity in the series as required. Based on the evaluation and diagnostic criteria, the most accurate model is selected. The order of the best ARIMA model was found to be ARIMA (1, 2, 1). The diagnostic analysis of the model residuals showed that they are normally distributed uncorrelated random shocks. The findings in this study showed that the selected ARIMA model captured the dynamics in the series and produced forecasted values which had minimal forecast errors when compared with the actual inflation values in the validation period.
Effect of stock market performance on industrial productivity of Nigeria: An empirical analysis
Authors:   Department of Banking & Finance, College of Management Sciences (COLMAS), Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria., Uremadu Sebastian O. , Onyele Kingsley O. ,   Department of Banking & Finance, College of Management Sciences (COLMAS), Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria., Ariwa Florence O. ,   Department of Banking & Finance, College of Management Sciences (COLMAS), Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the effect of stock market performance on industrial productivity in Nigeria from 1985 to 2016. In particular, the study examined Nigerian stock market performance indices such as market capitalization, all share index, value of shares traded and number of deals to ascertain how they affect industrial sector contribution to Gross domestic product. The study used unit root test, Johansen co-integration test and vector error correction mechanism to carry out its tests and analysis. The unit root test results revealed that the variables used in the study were integrated at their first differences, while the Johansen co-integration test results suggested a long run relationship between industrial sector productivity and stock market performance indicators. It was also discovered that market capitalization though negative led industrial productivity in Nigeria. Hence, the study recommends policies aimed at accelerating the stock market development and efficiency in order to engender industrial productivity of Nigeria in the years to come.
Assessing the influence of monitoring and knowledge –related challenges on compliance with public procurement law in North-West, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Physical Planning and Development, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria., Yahaya Mohammed Lawal , Hamid-Mosaku I. A. ,   Department of Geoinformatics and Surveying, Faculty of Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria., Onukwube Henry. N. ,   Department of Quantity Surveying, Faculty of Environmental Science, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria., Babalola A.J ,   Department of Quantity Surveying, Faculty of Environmental Science, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

The increasing cases of non-compliance to public procurement Act (PPA) 2007 is a pervasive problem in public sector procurement of infrastructure, and this development poses a threat to achieving the main goals of enacting the public procurement Act 2007. Studies have shown that improving the knowledge based of procurement personnel and effective monitoring are correlates of compliance, but the nexus between these parameters and compliance lack empirical validation in the literature. This is aiming at purging the public sector competition, efficiency and transparency. This study explored the influence of knowledge and monitoring on compliance with public sector procurement law in Nigeria. A questionnaire survey involving 143 public sector procurement professionals in North-West Zone, Nigeria was undertaken to assess the influence of monitoring and knowledge related factors on compliance with public-sector procurement. The data were analyzed using partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The PLS- SEM results show that monitoring and knowledge and compliance with public procurement Act are positively correlated. Knowledge and monitoring factors were responsible for 0.38 (38%) variance in compliance with PPA. The model goodness of fitness GoF indicated a well fitted figure of 0.537 which is above the threshold baseline. Based on the results therefore, improving monitoring and knowledge of personnel by the bureau of public procurement (BPP) can lead to total compliance with the PPA, hence, only trained and certified procurement personnel should oversee procurement process in all public sector organization.
Effect of processing methods on the nutritional composition and sensory properties of two African mango (Irvingia gabonensis) seed varieties
Authors:   Department of Home Science and Management, Rivers State University, Faculty of Agriculture, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria., Orisa Catherine Achese , Amadi Allbright Ovuchimeru ,   Department of Food Science and Technology, Rivers State University, Faculty of Agriculture, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria., Fyne-Akah Homa ,   Department of Food Science and Technology, Rivers State University, Faculty of Agriculture, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria., Otito Mandah Stella ,   Department of Home Economics, Hospitality and Tourism, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, P.M.B. 5047, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study was to determine effects of processing methods on the nutritional composition and sensory properties of two African mango (Irvingia gabonensis) seed varieties- Irvangia gabonensis var. gabonensis and Irvingia gabonensis var. wombolu. Four processing methods (boiling, soaking, blanching and defatting) were used to treat the samples. The treated and untreated African mango locally called ‘ogbono’ in Nigeria were processed into flours, and used to prepare soups, and results analyzed. Proximate, viscosity and sensory properties of the soups were determined, as well as the proximate, mineral and phytochemical contents of the flours. The moisture, ash and crude fibre content of the flours ranged from 6.20-8.91%, 1.25-1.98% and 1.10-1.70%, respectively. The mineral content of the flours ranged from 262.79-801.25 mg/100g for calcium, 1.48-6.90 mg/100g for iron, 255.13-754.24 mg/100g for sodium and 173.14-285.69 mg/100g for magnesium. Results revealed that the various treatment methods reduced the phytochemical contents of the treated flours. Hydrogen cyanide content of the untreated flours ranged from 3.66-4.06 mg/kg as against the treated samples which ranged from 2.23-3.76 mg/kg. The sensory properties of the soups were evaluated. Sample A0 recorded the highest (7.61) for taste, 7.50 for thickness, and overall acceptability of 7.48. The highest sensory score for drawability was recorded by sample A2 with 7.45, while sample B4 had the lowest sensory score (2.40) for drawability. Sample B4 also recorded the least sensory score for thickness (2.65), while the least score for appearance (3.40) and overall acceptability (3.76) was recorded in sample A4. Sample A2 had the highest viscosity (76.71 Pa.s) while sample B4 recorded the least viscosity (19.63 Pa.s). This study reveals that processing methods like boiling, soaking, blanching and defatting on the seeds improved the proximate and mineral compositions of the flours, reduced the phytochemical contents of the flours and maintained the drawability of the soups prepared with the two varieties.
Rural Development Efforts in Nepal: A Brief Apprisal
Authors: Poudyal Sriram
Published: May 2024

Not Available.
World Economic Crisis: Some Paradoxes and Fundamental Issue
Authors: Panohamukhi V.R.
Published: May 2024

Not Available.
Relationship between Parental Engagement and Student Achievement of Secondary Level Students
Authors: Nepal Bimal
Published: May 2024

The aim of this research is to study the relationship between parental engagement and student achievement of secondary level students especially grade 10 students in public and private schools in the Sunsari district using survey design through simple random method. Data were collected by pre- prepared and expert standardized Likert scale having structured questionnaires and analyzed descriptively and inferentially through using the SPSS software. This study finds that both parents (father and mothers) of private schools' students are more educated than public schools. This study also finds that fathers and mothers in both schools are the students' Immediate Parents of the grades 10 students. In addition to that, it finds that maximum students of public schools obtained moderate grades (C-C+) whereas good grades (B-B+) in private schools. Thus, the achievement of public schools' student is low than private school's students. Furthermore, there is no significant mean difference between fathers/mothers' qualifications and students' achievement in both public and private schools. It finds that there is a weak, positive and no significant relationship between parents' talks practice and students' achievement and there is negative, weak and significant relationship between reward practice of parents and students' achievement. Likewise, there is also weak, positive and no significant relationship between punishment practice and students' achievement and negative and there is weak and no significant relationship between support practice of parents and students' achievement.
Supporting Students' Speaking Skill in ELT Classroom: An Exploratory Action Research
Authors: Oli Indra Kumari
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this Exploratory Action Research (EAR) was to explore the reasons behind the reluctance of students to speak in ELT class and to come up with possible solutions. It is based on an exploratory research design following a questionnaire, focused group discussions, and reflective notes as the tools for data collection. To investigate and overcome the issue, a set of questionnaires (open and close-ended were made in MS Word and Google Forms) and asked the students studying in grade 8 aged 13- 15 years old. I additionally used my reflective journals and had informal discussions with the focused group of 7 students to gather the data. After analyzing the data statistically and thematically, I found that my students liked to communicate in English but avoided it because of the fear of making mistakes and being laughed at by their peers. After devising the plans like asking the students to make self-suggestive and reflective notes, clapping instead of laughing while someone speaks in English, creating learner autonomy in the classroom, focusing on group and pair activities and providing complete and clear instructions in English helped to enhance the speaking skill of my students.
Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Organizational Performance in Commercial Banks, Itahari, Sunsari, Nepal
Authors: K.C. Pradeep
Published: May 2024

The ongoing debate surrounding Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Organizational Performance (OP) has been a consistent topic of discussion across various cultures worldwide. This article aims to assess the current status of EI and OP in Nepalese Commercial Banks, analyze the relationship between EI and OP, and measure the impact of EI on OP. Employing a deductive research approach, the study utilizes a descriptive and cross-sectional research design, with the population comprising all employees in commercial banks in Itahari, Sunsari, Nepal. The sample size is 167, chosen through convenience sampling, employing a structured questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale to collect primary data. Mean and Standard Deviations assess the status of EI and OP, while Pearson correlation matrix and linear regression analysis measure the impact of EI on OP. Chronbatch alpha is used to test the reliability of constructs. The results indicate a positive presentation of both EI and OP in commercial banks, with statistically significant relationships within the model. The analysis suggests that employees with high EI exhibit higher OP compared to those with lower emotional intelligence. Notably, social awareness emerges as a key construct significantly influencing OP, followed by relationship management and self-awareness. The findings propose potential benefits for banks in enhancing EI levels during recruitment, training, and development programs for their personnel.
English Language Textbooks at Government Schools in Nepal: Possibility of Cultivation and Promotion Creative Language Learning
Authors: Acharya Tirtha Raj
Published: May 2024

The study is based on the analysis of English language textbooks at Government schools in Nepal. It is based on perceptions of English teachers teaching at Government schools in Morang district. Textbooks are materials prepared by Curriculum Development Centre (CDC) with the involvement of educators or subject experts to facilitate teaching-learning activities for achieving the goals of the curriculum. English language is being practiced as a Foreign Language through textbooks at Government school in Nepal. Moreover, English language textbooks have played a dual role in the context of Nepal. On the one hand, English textbooks have been teaching as a subject to overcome the examination, on the other hand, they have been using to create a real or real-like environment providing an ample opportunity of cultivation and promotion language learning to the learners of English. Textbooks are teaching-learning materials available in both forms hard copy and soft copy. The content coverage of English language textbooks seems to be effective to create better opportunities and promote a creative learning environment in the present context of Nepal.
Stock Price Determinants Of Listed Banks And Financial Institutions In Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Ram Chandra , Thapa Rajan Bikram , Acharya Asha , Gupta Surender Kumar
Published: May 2024

Nepal Stock Exchange has strived to deliver an effective regulatory system and information transparency to acquire the confidence of the investors and convey the sufficient basis to analyze the data without anomalies. However, the investors in the stock market are still very few who are about negligible percent of total population in the nation. Government, banks, and financial institutions are not being able to play the prompt and desired role to create a stable share market with the expected outcome of the investors. Despite this, the investors have lack of knowledge both fundamental and technical regarding the capital market that causes them not to cut a good figure from the share market. The fundamental determinants and their types that affect the stock price are still matters of general thoughts in the existing stock market in Nepal. The several answers to the general thoughts become reliable references to the potential investors to make rational investment decisions. These all empower Nepal Stock Exchange authority and the administration of listed banks and financial institutions to skip any unexpected catastrophe, empower and control market strategies, strengthen the stock market industry. This research collected primary data using structured questionnaire from 111 respondents belonging to the market including investors, bankers, and experts of listed banks and financial institutions. It has used the analytical and descriptive research methodology to meet its prime objectives that were to identify determinants with their rank, of stock prices of listed banks and financial institutions listed in the Nepal Stock Exchange and deliver the ideas to the investors to consider the determinants for investment decision. It has observed the determinants of stock price of the banks and financial institutions as qualitative determinants and quantitative determinants. It has taken altogether 10 qualitative and 13 quantitative determinants including both specific and macroeconomic. In the research stock price and the determinants remained as dependent independent variables respectively. The result concluded that the goodwill, optimistic report of analysts, and positive views respectively are the major qualitative determinants with their ranks. Likewise, Dividend rate, earnings per share, and cash flow from operation respectively are the fundamental specific determinants with their rank. And the gross domestic product, interest rate, and inflation respectively with their rank are the major macroeconomic determinants. The recognition of the determinants and lack of analyzing experiences for investment decision on share have the great meaning for ensuring investors' investment to generate desirable profit and keep their existence in the stock market in Nepal.
अछाम जिल्लामा सामाजिक तथा सांस्कृतिक विभेदका क्षेत्र र कारण
Authors: भण्डारी  Bhandari शंकर प्रसाद Shankar Prasad
Published: May 2024

प्रस्तुत लेखमा सामाजिक तथा सांस्कृतिक मूल्य मान्यताले समाजमा सिर्जना गरेको विभेदसँग जोडिएका विविध पक्षको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । नेपालका प्रत्येक क्षेत्रीय तथा जातीय समुदायभित्र कुनै न कुनै प्रकारको विभेद पाइन्छ । आछाम जिल्ला पनि यसबाट अछुत छैन । अछाम सामाजिक सांस्कृतिक रूपमा महत्वपूर्ण क्षेत्र हो । यस क्षेत्रमा प्राचीन समयदेखि नै विशेषतः हिन्दू धर्म तथा दर्शनद्वारा निर्देशित विशेषतायुक्त समाज र संस्कृति पाइन्थ्यो । यो सांस्कृतिक परम्परा पछिल्लाकाल हुँदै आजसम्म पनि अस्तित्वमा छ । त्यसबेला स्थापना भएका कतिपय मूल्य–मान्यता, रीति–थिति, चाल–चलन, बानी–व्यवहार हिजोआज पनि अभ्यासमा छन् । सामाजिक एवम् सांस्कृतिक मूल्य, मान्यताका कारण सिर्जना भएका धेरै विभेदका घट्ना र उदाहरणहरू यस जिल्लामा पाइन्छन् । सामाजिक वञ्चितीकरण, बहिष्करण र विभेदीकरणले गर्दा अछाम जिल्लाको सामाजिक संरचनामा विभिन्न प्रकारको असर परेको छ । अतः सामाजिक विभेदका कारण के के हुन् ? क्षेत्र के के हो ? विभेदले के कस्तो परिणाम ल्याएको छ ? भन्ने विविध पक्षको विश्लेषण गर्ने उद्देश्यले अछाम जिल्लामा पाइने सामाजिक तथा सांस्कृतिक विभेदका क्षेत्र र कारण शीर्षकको यो लेख तयार पारिएको हो । प्रस्तुत लेखमा विश्लेषणात्मक तथा विवरणात्मक ढाँचाको प्रयोग भएको छ । यो शोधलेख गुणात्मक अध्ययन हो । यस लेखमा मूलतः प्राथमिक तथ्याङ्क एवम् द्वितीयक सूचनाहरू आवश्यकताअनुसार प्रयोग गरिएको छ । प्राथमिक तथ्याङ्क स्थलगत अध्ययनगरी अन्तर्वार्ता विधि र द्वितीयक सूचनाहरू पूर्वकार्य समीक्षाबाट सङ्कलन गरिएका हुन् ।
Effect of a multispecies fungal additive on rumen fermentation profile, degradability and kinetic gas production
Authors: Bruni María de los Ángeles , Chilibroste Pablo , Casal Alberto , Trujillo Ana Inés
Published: May 2024

Two experiments evaluated the effect of a multispecies fungal complex (BP, BIOPREMIX MX®, Ruminal Fermentation Tech, Uruguay). In Experiment 1 (E1), the impact of adding BP to a total mixed ration (TMR) on ruminal fermentation profile and TMR in situ degradation kinetics was assessed. In Experiment 2 (E2), the effect of adding BP to various substrates on in vitro fermentability was examined. In E1, 4 Holstein cows with rumen cannulas were randomly assigned to Control (TMR with forage:concentrate ratio 75:25) or Control + 120 g/cow/d of BP (BP) and received ad libitum TMR for 30 days. Samples of TMR were ruminally incubated to estimate in situ degradation kinetic. Ruminal pH, ammonia, and volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations were measured just before feeding, 4 h and 8 h post feeding. In E2, a factorial arrangement included two BP levels (0 -Control or 6.5 g BP per kg dry matter incubated-WBP) and 8 substrates. In vitro gas production kinetics (GPk), dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), methanogenic potential (CH4), partitioning factor (PF), VFA, and microbial crude protein (MCP) were estimated. The BP increased proportion of propionate (P ≤ 0.05) and reduced ketogenic:glucogenic ratio and Lag phase of NDF (P ≤ 0.05). WBP tended to increase IVDMD, and substrate affected GPk, IVDMD, CH4, PF, VFA and MCP (P ≤ 0.01). Overall, BP improved ruminal metabolism favoring a more glucogenic profile, a shortening Lag phase in NDF degradation, and increasing IVDMD.
Management of dairy heifers in Uruguay
Authors: Fiol Carolina , Mendoza Alejandro
Published: May 2024

Management practices during the rearing of dairy heifers should allow an adequate body growth and reproductive development to attain puberty several months before the first conception. Proposed target age and body weight (BW) at first calving for Holstein heifers are between 22-24 months and 82% of mature BW, respectively, for which heifers must conceive at around 15 months of age with 60% of their mature BW. Pre- and postweaning feeding level has effects on feed efficiency, behavior, energy metabolism and body and reproductive development, while social environment during rearing, specifically the social dominance and social regroupings, is known to affect energy metabolism, feeding behavior and body and reproductive development of the heifer. In Uruguay, the information published regarding the management of the dairy heifer is scarce. The aim of this review is to briefly assess the main factors affecting the onset of puberty, and to present an integrative approach of the information generated in Uruguay regarding the effects of modifying the feeding level and social environment during the rearing period on body development, metabolism, and onset of puberty in dairy heifers. In addition, we make a proposal of knowledge gaps that should be addressed in future studies.
Propaganda, aceleración y operaciones de influencia local. Escenarios de polarización digital en México
Authors: Ábrego Víctor Hugo
Published: May 2024

Este capítulo busca contribuir a la categorización y la interpretación de fenómenos comunicativos relacionados con la política en entornos digitales. En él se abordan estrategias, objetivos y posibles efectos en la interacción social a partir del uso y la sofisticación de estrategias de construcción de tendencias en plataformas sociodigitales, propagación artificial de contenidos y formaciones atípicas para el posicionamiento de gobernantes, partidos políticos o políticas públicas a través de internet. Todo en un entorno de aceleración de la realidad que sirve como condición de posibilidad para el desgaste de instituciones y discursos históricamente validados, y que es propicio además para la polarización política on y offline.
الديمقراطية التداولية عند هابرماس بين مطلب الإجماع وواقع العصيان المدني
Authors: بلقاسم كريسعان
Published: May 2024

برزت، ضمن الجدل الدائر بشأن الديمقراطية التداولية، على نحو خاص، أطروحات يورغن هابرماس؛ لكونها قدحت النظر في هذا الشكل الجديد للممارسة الديمقراطية فحسب، وكذلك من حيث الصعوبات التي تحفّ بها والنقاش الذي أثارته في الفكر الفلسفي السياسي المعاصر. تدفع أهمية التصور الهابرماسي ومحوريته إلى تدقيق النظر في الحجة التي قام عليها، ومفهوم التداول الذي يتأسس عليه برهان تظهر وجاهته باستجلاء الصعوبات التي يثيرها. من المهم النظر في محتوى هذا التصور وفي حدوده، لبناء تقييم موضوعي له: فهل قدّم هابرماس تصورًا للديمقراطية التداولية يمكنه أن يمثل بديلًا موثوقًا لتجاوز النموذج التمثيلي؟ أم أن المقاربة التداولية للممارسة الديمقراطية في صيغتها الهابرماسية تطرح صعوبات أكثر من الحلول التي تقترحها؟ ولماذا انتهى المسار الذي يراهن على الإجماع إلى صياغة تبرير فلسفي للعصيان المدني؟ لمحاولة الإجابة عن هذه الأسئلة سنسعى في مرحلةٍ أولى إلى تبيّن ملامح هذا التصور بإيجاز ومن ثم استكشاف الصعوبات التي تحفّ به، والتي تنتج من بنائه الحجاجي من جهة وفاعليته العملية من جهة أخرى في محاولة لبناء تقييم موضوعي له.
Development and Characterization of Biscuit Produce from Wheat, Carrot and Haricot Bean Composite Flour
Authors: Gebeyehu Ewunetu Masresha
Published: May 2024

In Ethiopia consumption of baked foods is greatly increasing. Moreover, products Protein and vitamin deficiency are still a major concern in the country and it cause disease and death in children under the age of 6 years. A blending of 100:0:0; 90:5:5; 80:10:10; 70:15:15; 60:20:20; 50:25:25 and 40:30:30 percent wheat: carrot: haricot bean flours were used to make composite biscuit. The proximate structure, functional properties, and sensory assessment were evaluated using standard methods. The experiment subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the statistical analysis system (SAS) software package. The results showed that partially replacing wheat with carrot and haricot bean increased the proximate composition of moisture (5.98-10.55%), protein (10.49-16.55%), ash (1.87-3.06%), fiber (1.36-3.22%), and fat (1.15-2.43%) significantly. Whereas carbohydrate (79.15-64.19%) and energy (368.91-344.83 kcal/g) decreased significantly. Sensory acceptability (appearance, Crispiness, color, flavor, taste, and overall acceptability) was higher in the composite biscuits with up to 30% wheat substitution by carrot and haricot bean than 100% wheat flour biscuits. Based on the findings of this report, using carrot and a haricot bean to wheat flour blend in biscuit formulation appears to be promising in terms of nutritional quality, acceptability, and cost. It is proposed that these products be marketed to vitamin A deficiency (VAD) customers and it have a chance to reduce food insecurity.
Gender Perspectives on Food Security
Authors: Touch Likhedy
Published: May 2024

Many effortsin water supply,energy as well as food security development in Southeast Asia are connectedand have regionaldimensions since they rely on transboundary river basins like the Lower Mekong River Basin (LMRB). Especially when itcomes to food security and proper nutrition, the Mekong River is a central source of living. Mekong riparian states faced nearly 15 million malnutrition cases from 2019 to 2021. Approximately, 60 per cent of the undernourished are female. Since regional food security issues are closely related to water management and regional security issues in its member countries, this paper analyses food security in relation to the Mekong River Commission as a central interregional organisation for sustainable development within the LMRB.
Cronbach’s alpha - what makes it really good? Some advice for planning and criticizing psychological questionnaires
Authors: Rak Tomasz , Wrześniowski Szymon
Published: May 2024

Whatever Cronbach’s alpha measures – it’s not internal consistency, commonly misunderstood in psychology as the average strength of relationships within questionnaire items. In this article, we explore the reasons why the understanding of alpha as internal consistency is particularly flawed, and focus on how alpha inflation works in a practical way. Using the simulation method, we determine the precise (common) influence of the number of respondents, the range of measurement (Likert) scales, the number of questions in the questionnaire and the average correlation of items on the alpha level. The results confirm alpha-level inflation due to a greater number of questions: alpha gets a satisfactory level even with minimal internal consistency if there are many questions in the questionnaire. We suggest that the reliability of weak psychological tools is overestimated because of presented rapid alpha inflation. Number of subjects and the range of the scale had no influence on alpha.
Albumin Overview and Its Purification Method
Authors: Rehman Bushra , Ikram Hira , Nasir Rabiya , Umar Aiman
Published: May 2024

Drug researchers are currently studying the use of nanoparticles in drug delivery in great detail. In general, a medication's pharmacokinetic and tissue appropriation profiles can be changed, intracellular infiltration and appropriation can be improved, and a drug's absorption can be improved by dispersing the drug via the epithelium. The ability of nanoparticulate frameworks to tolerate physiological pressure—that is, their increased organic stability and oral conveyance plausibility—is one of their key advantages. As such, they offer a more appealing drug delivery solution than liposomes.
Polyphenols from Tropical Almond Leaves (Terminalia catappa L.): Optimized Extraction Conditions and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Nga Nguyen Thi Thu , Bac Nguyen Xuan , Hanh Vu Thi , Ha Lai Thi Ngoc
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to find the optimal conditions for extracting polyphenols from Vietnamese tropical almond leaves (Terminalia catappa L.) and to assess the anti-diabetic activities of the resulting extract. The polyphenol extraction from Vietnamese tropical almond leaves was optimized using the response surface methodology. A rotatable central composite design (RCCD) with three variables (ethanol concentration, temperature, and extraction time), consisting of 21 experimental runs with three replicates at the center, minimal, and maximal factorial points was applied to describe the experimental data. The experimental results properly confirmed the constructed model (R2 = 0.8337). The optimized conditions were as follows: ethanol concentration of 62.76%, a temperature of 62.2°C, and an extraction time of 70 minutes. Five extractions were performed in parallel at the optimized conditions to validate the model. The experimental values highly agreed with the predicted value. The extract powder has powerful effects against the α-glucosidase activity and can develop as a novel natural anti-diabetic agent.
Determinants of Liquidity Risk in Vietnamese Commercial Banks
Authors: Huong Nguyen Thi , Yen Dang Thi Hai
Published: May 2024

Liquidity risk, which tends to compound other risks such as credit and market risks, has become one of the principal risks in banks. Thus, this study examined the determinants of liquidity risk measured by the loan deposit ratio (LDR). The sample included 30 commercial banks in Vietnam based on secondary data coverage from 2017-2021. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the general situation of the banks' assets, liabilities, and business performance. The random effects model (REM) was chosen to determine factors affecting liquidity risk. The results show the huge gap in the business performance of the four state-owned banks and the rest of the joint-stock commercial banks, and the state-owned banks always accounted for over 50% of the total credit, assets, and deposits of the whole banking system. The average banks’ credit and profit growth rates were around 17% and 30%, respectively, and the bad debt ratio was about 2%. Increasing a bank’s credit growth rate and profitability would push up its liquidity risk. On the other hand, holding several liquid securities that banks could sell immediately to meet solvency requirements and maintaining a high capital adequacy ratio (CAR) would reduce their liquidity risk. These findings are valuable to the banks in understanding how to minimize liquidity risk, such as controlling the credit growth rate and CAR, setting appropriate profit targets, and investing in liquid securities. Additionally, by conducting monetary policies, the State Bank should regulate market liquidity and bank liquidity for the safe operation of the financial system.
Penerimaan Diri Korban Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga di Yayasan Solidaritas Perempuan untuk Kemanusiaan dan Hak Asasi Manusia (SPEK-HAM) Surakarta
Authors: Putri Hasanah Juwandani , Fajar Fadillah Galih
Published: May 2024

Finding out how accepting domestic abuse victims are of themselves is the goal of this study conducted at the SPEK-HAM Surakarta Foundation. This study takes a phenomenological perspective while using a qualitative research methodology. The research subjects were two people with the following criteria: 1) Domestic violence victims aged 40-45 years, 2) Domestic violence victims who had been divorced for 5-10 years, 3) Domestic violence victims who had participated and received assistance at the Surakarta SPEK-HAM Foundation. Documentation, semi-structured interviews, and observation are the methods used to acquire research data. According to the study's findings, both participants exhibited high levels of self-acceptance. Both participants recovered with positive development and a healthy sense of self-acceptance, despite the fact that they underwent a very drawn-out procedure.
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ОПТИМАЛЬНОЇ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВИ ВИКОНАННЯ ПІСЛЯДРУКАРСЬКИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ
Authors: КУДРЯШОВА Альона , ДОМОРАД Олег
Published: May 2024

У роботі запроєктовано альтернативні варіанти виконання післядрукарських процесів та здійснено вибір оптимального за методом на основі лінійного згортання критеріїв, який полягає у виокремленні максимального значення функцій корисності.
Виокремлено фактори множини Парето — найпріоритетніші фактори впливу на якість виконання післядрукарських процесів.  Запроєктовано три альтернативи. Побудовано таблицю оцінювання альтернатив за мі­рами важливості виокремлених факторів. Сформовано матрицю попарних порівнянь вагових значень фак­торів. Обчислено функції корисності кожної запроєктованої альтер­нативи за факторами множини Парето. Визначено найкращу альтернативу за максимальним значенням функції корисності.
ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ РОЛІ ЛЮДСЬКОГО КАПІТАЛУ В УМОВАХ DIGITAL-ЕКОНОМІКИ
Authors: ЧАЙКОВСЬКА Інна , ТКАЧ Тарас , ПОПЕРЕЧНИЙ Борис
Published: May 2024

У статті встановлено, що, з однієї сторони, формування та розвиток людського капіталу є одним із основних напрямів переходу до нової цифрової парадигми, а з іншої - цифрова економіка сприяє кардинальним перетворенням усіх сфер людської діяльності, визначаючи нову якість людського капіталу. Проаналізовано основні міжнародні рейтинги та індекси, які характеризують рівень розвитку Digital-економіки країн світу та відображено в їх структурі критерії і показники, які характеризують людський капітал, що свідчить про їх тісну взаємодію та взаємовплив. Встановлено, що роль людського капіталу зазнала трансформації в умовах Digital-економіки. Відображена порівняльна характеристика ролі, місця, проблем людського капіталу та актуальні професії в умовах Industry 4.0 та Industry 5.0. Узагальнено, що Industry 5.0 передбачає, що людський капітал є основною цінністю та займає визначальне місце в організаційно-виробничому процесі; що творчий потенціал спеціалістів у співпраці з ефективними, розумними та точними машинами дасть підвищення рівня якості ресурсозбереження, а також більш екологічні та ефективні виробничі рішення в порівнянні з Індустрією 4.0.
Modelo Vark como estrategia pedagógica para fortalecer el nivel literal e inferencial de lectura en los estudiantes
Authors: Díaz Caez Heydy , Gaviria Burbano Yuneydi Marisol , Jurado Muñoz Yoselin Nathalia , Rodríguez Ortiz Diego Alexander
Published: May 2024

La educación primaria es, sin lugar a dudas, la base primordial dentro de la formación de una persona; es un espacio en el cual los alumnos pueden adquirir innumerables experiencias y saberes; es la etapa donde los niños comienzan con aprendizajes y experiencias significativas. Es preciso señalar que la lectura es el eje central del proceso educativo; su dominio permite lograr el éxito académico y desarrollo personal, pues se descubre que la lectura es una actividad productiva en la sociedad.
Pemahaman Konsep Matematis Siswa Kelas VIII pada Materi Lingkaran
Authors: Warmi Attin
Published: May 2024

Banyak siswa yang kesulitan dalam memahami konsep matematika. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kemampuan pemahaman konsep siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal pada pokok bahasan Lingkaran. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini  adalah metode deskriptif dengan penelitian kasus. Materi tentang Lingkaran merupakan materi yang terdapat di SMP kelas VIII pada semester genap dan materi ini merupakan salah satu materi yang berhubungan dengan kehidupan sehari hari. Kelas VIII F SMPN 3 Karawang Barat dipilih sebagai subjek penelitian. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pemberian tes tertulis kemampuan pemahaman konsep. Soal berbentuk uraian yang sebelum digunakan sudah di uji validasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan rata-rata nilai kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa adalah 10,06 termasuk dalam kriteria sedang.  Hasil analisis konsep per indikator, diketahui siswa sangat kurang pada indikator menerapkan hubungan antar konsep dan prosedur, kemudian dalam menerapkan konsep secara algoritma. Masih terdapat banyak siswa yang memiliki pemahaman konsep yang kurang.
Bilim ve sanat merkezlerinde (BİLSEM) kullanılan coğrafya alanı ders materyalinin çeşitli öznitelikler açısından incelenmesi
Authors: Altundağ Muhammet , Ünlü Mehmet
Published: May 2024

Öğrenme, yaratıcılık, liderlik, akademik yetenek, soyut düşünme, bağımsızlık ve yüksek performans gibi alanlarda yaşıtlarından öne çıkan bireyler özel yetenekli olarak kabul edilir. Ülkemizde özel yetenekli öğrencilerin yeteneklerini geliştirmelerine olanak sağlayan destek eğitim kurumları ise Bilim ve Sanat Merkezleri’dir (BİLSEM). Bu çalışmanın amacı MEB Özel Eğitim ve Rehberlik Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından 2022 yılında yayınlanan BİLSEM Coğrafya alanı yardımcı ders materyalinde yer alan etkinlikleri çeşitli öznitelikler açısından incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, çalışmada coğrafya konuları, coğrafi beceriler, üst düzey düşünme becerileri, yöntem ve teknikler, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri kullanımı, ölçme değerlendirme araçlarının söz konusu ders materyalindeki dağılımı ve kapsamı ele alınmıştır. Nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum deseni kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada, veriler doküman incelemesi yoluyla toplanmış ve betimsel analiz ile yorumlanmıştır. Ders materyalinde ele alınan özniteliklerin farklı yönleri, çeşitli kategoriler altında incelenmiş ve bu kategoriler arasında belirgin farklılıklar ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuç bölümünde sunulan önerilerin, gelecekte hazırlanacak BİLSEM Coğrafya ders materyallerine ışık tutması beklenmektedir.