bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probing Cluster Transfer in Peripheral Collisions of 40Ar on 64Ni at 15 MeV/nucleon
Authors: Giannitsa Chrysi , Souliotis Georgios , Depastas Theo , Koulouris Stergios , Gkatzogias Konstantinos , Veselsky Martin , Yennello Sherry , Bonasera Aldo
Published: October 2024

This work focuses on the study of the yields and momentum distributions of projectile-like fragments from 40Ar collisions with target 64Ni at 15 MeV/nucleon, using experimental data obtained in previous work with the MARS spectrometer at the Cyclotron Institute at Texas A&M University. Motivated by the current activity on clustering, we focused our attention on the channel corresponding to the production of the 36S ejectile, which may have resulted from the removal of an alpha particle cluster from the 40Ar projectile. The experimental distributions were compared with two dynamical models, the deep-inelastic transfer (DIT) model and the constrained molecular dynamics (CoMD) model, followed by the de-excitation code GEMINI. The observed discrepancies potentially indicate direct cluster transfer in quasi-elastic peripheral collisions. By comparing our experimental data with appropriate models, we hope to gain valuable insight into the mechanisms governing clustering and cluster transfer in peripheral collisions in the Fermi energy regime.
Isovector properties of finite nuclei: Constraints from neutron stars observations
Authors: Divaris Manolis , Kanakis-Pegios Alkiviadis , Moustakidis Charalampos
Published: October 2024

The nuclear symmetry energy plays a crucial role in the structure of finite nuclei and the bulk properties of neutron stars. However, its values at high densities are highly uncertain, and the corresponding experimental data have large errors. One way to determine or at least estimate these high-density values is through neutron star observations. Recently, observations of gravitational waves from binary neutron star mergers have provided useful information on their radius and tidal deformability, which are directly related to the symmetry energy. This work attempts to use recent observations to constrain the structure of finite nuclei. Specifically, we parameterize the equation of state (EoS) describing asymmetric and symmetric nuclear matter using the parameter η = (K0L2)1/3, where K0 is the incompressibility and L is the slope parameter, The parameter η regulates the stiffness of the EoS, and we expect its values to affect both finite nuclei and neutron star properties, especially given the important role of isovector interactions. It is natural to expect that constraints on η for finite nuclei will also imply constraints on neutron star properties and vice versa. In light of the above, we propose a simple yet self-consistent method to simultaneously examine the effects of η on the properties of finite nuclei and neutron stars. We found constraints on these systems by combining recent experimental data (PREX-2) and observational data from the LIGO and Virgo detectors.
HESS J1731-347 and the existence of exotic matter: Kaon condensation in neutron stars
Authors: Koliogiannis Polychronis , Petousis Vlasios , Veselský Martin , Moustakidis Charalampos
Published: October 2024

The recent observation of a compact star with the lowest observable mass of 0.77+0.20 –0.17 M⊙ within the supernova remnant HESS J1731-347 has redefined our understanding for the dense nuclear matter equation of state and enhances the existence of exotic matter. In the present work, we investigate the possible existence of kaon condensation in hadronic neutron stars through the framework of the Momentum-Dependent Interaction nuclear model describing the dense nuclear matter. We concentrate on the strangeness content of the proton and its implications on both the microscopic and macroscopic properties of neutron stars. The aforementioned quantity is of interest as it is also directly related to the location of the phase transition to kaons. The simultaneous description of the compact object within the HESS J1731-347 and the maximum observable neutron star mass imposes severe constraints on the strangeness content of the proton and the critical density for kaon condensation. The present study along with observations of neutron stars, may help to provide tighter constraints on the equation of state of dense nuclear matter and, even more, to shed light to the existence of an exotic core in neutron stars.
Hybrid stars and the stiffness of the nuclear equation of state in light of the HESS J1731-347 remnant
Authors: Laskos-Patkos Pavlos , Koliogiannis Polychronis , Moustakidis Charalampos
Published: October 2024

The recent observation of the extremely compact neutron star in the HESS J1731-347 remnant has challenged our understanding concerning the nature of dense nuclear matter. In particular, the low radius of the aforementioned compact object favors soft nuclear equations of state. However, the neutron skin thickness of 208Pb extracted from the long-awaited PREX-II experiment favors stiff equations of state which may be associated with larger radii for low mass stellar configurations. In this contribution we present our recent work on the possible reconciliation of the HESS J1731-347 observation in the framework of hybrid stars, under the assumption of a stiff low-density phase which may be favored by the PREX-II results. In addition, we examine the compatibility of the resulting hybrid models with recent constraints based on the observation of PSR J0030+0451, PSR J0952-0607 and GW190814.
Quarkyonic matter and applications in neutron stars
Authors: Folias Konstantinos , Moustakidis Charalambos
Published: October 2024

The structure and basic properties of dense nuclear matter still remain one of the open problems of physics. In particular, the composition of the matter that composes neutron stars is under theoretical and experimental investigation. Among the theories that have been proposed, apart from the classical one where the composition is dominated by hadrons, the existence or coexistence of free quark matter is a dominant guess. An approach towards this solution is the phenomenological view according to which the existence of quarkyonic matter plays a dominant role in the construction of the equation of state (EOS). In this paper we propose a phenomenological model for quarkyonic matter, borrowed from corresponding applications in hadronic models, where the interaction in the quarkyonic matter depends not only on the position but also on the momentum of the quarkynions. This consideration, as we demonstrate, can have a dramatic consequence on the shape of the EOS and thus on the properties of neutron stars.
Breakup of 8B+natZr at the sub-barrier energy of 26.5 MeV
Authors: Palli K. , Pakou A. , Moro A. M. , O’ Malley P. D. , Acosta L. , Sántzez-Bénitez A. , Souliotis G. , Aguilera E. F. , Andrade E. , Godos D. , Sgouros O. , Soukeras V. , Agodi C. , Bailey T. L. , Bardayan D. W. , Boomershine C. , Brodeur M. , Cappuzzello F. , Caramichael S. , Cavallaro M. , Dede S. , Dueñas J.A. , Henning J. , Lee K. , Porter W.S. , Rivero F. , von Seeger W.
Published: October 2024

In our systematic research on reactions with weakly bound nuclei at suband nearbarrier energies, we have studied the system 8B+natZr at the sub-barrier energy of 26.5 MeV. Our measurements, performed at the TriSol radioactive beam facility of the University of Notre Dame, include angular distributions of both elastic scattering and breakup, for the determination of the total reaction and breakup cross sections as well as the direct-to-total reaction cross section ratio. Preliminary results of the breakup analysis will be presented, supported by Continuum Discretized Coupling Channel calculations.
Nuclear structure studies within the realistic shell model
Authors: Gargano Angela , De Gregorio Giovanni , Fukui Tokuro
Published: October 2024

The role of three-nucleon forces on structure properties of nuclei is discussed within the realistic shell model. Calculations are performed by employing effective shell-model Hamiltonians derived by way of many-perturbation theory from chiral potentials including the nucleon-nucleon and three-nucleon components. A sketch of the formalism in treating the three-nucleon force is given and some selected results for f p- and p-shell nuclei are shown. Particular attention is devoted to the effects of the three-nucleon force on the monopole component of the effective shell-model interaction by showing how relevant they are in correcting the monopole interaction derived from the nucleon-nucleon force only and correctly describing the formation of shell structure as well as the enhancement in the spin-orbit splitting. A decomposition scheme based on the rank of irreducible tensors forming the three-nucleon force at the next-to-next-to-leading order is also presented to recognize their impact on the spin-orbit enhancement.
New Physical Insight into High-Spin Physics: Double Helix Level Scheme A nuclear structure data approach
Authors: Nica Ninel
Published: October 2024

To present a new nuclear structure data concept of a level scheme, we redesign the high-spin level scheme of 171Yb nucleus. We start with the description of the property of repeatability of the Eγ data based on which Eγ can be parametrized by the 2c(2I + k − 1) formula with I the nuclear spin and k an integer band offset different from band to band. This describes a beam of parallel and equidistant lines whose 2c average slope and k numbers can be determined by a least-squares fit to the experimental bands, which characterize the average rotational behavior of the experimental bands. Based on repeatability the level scheme of 171Yb nucleus can be shaped as a discrete 3D double helix structure, with the experimental bands superimposed as decay paths. Double helix suggests that semiclassically nuclear rotation can be seen as a vortex motion.
Single Folding Potential Calculations in 141Pr
Authors: Akdeniz Ferhan , Yıldırır Unal , Sarpün I˙smail Hakkı , Tel Eyyup , Aydın Abdullah
Published: October 2024

In this study, Skyrme and Gogny forces have been used to describe interactions for Hartree-Fock (HF) and Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) calculations, considering all nucleons to evaluate nucleon densities. The nucleon densities of the 141Pr were calculated by using the Skyrme-HF (SHF) method with Woods-Saxon Potential (SHF-WS) and with Harmonic Oscillator Potential (SHF-HO), HFB method with Skyrme (HFB-S) and with Gogny (HFB-G) interactions. In these calculations, the effects of the three-body force have been accounted for in both Skyrme and Gogny forces through a density-dependent term necessary to describe various properties of nuclei and nuclear matter. The root-mean-square (rms) radii of proton, neutron, and charge densities of the nucleus were calculated using the density-dependent Skyrme-type effective nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction in the HF approach. The Folding potential, developed to describe nucleon-nucleus (n-Pr) elastic scattering data, was obtained by single folding potential to calculate reaction cross-section calculations for 141Pr target. The calculated cross-sections, obtained using density data from four different models, were compared with each other and with experimental data from the literature for analysis and interpretation of the results.
Effect of nonlinear terms in piston theory on characteristics of panel flutter
Authors: LUO Yuxiao , YE Kun , YE Zhengyin
Published: October 2024

Currently, there is no systematic summary of the influence of the nonlinear terms in piston theory on the panel flutter. The two-dimensional nonlinear panel flutter equations under supersonic airflow based on the first, second, and third-order piston theories is established. The stability of the heated panel is analyzed by using the Lyapunov's indirect method, and the panel flutter equations are numerically solved based on the numerical analysis method to investigate the influence of the nonlinear terms in piston theory on the panel flutter. The results show that: ①Under a small temperature rise ratio, the panel response under the first-order piston theory only exhibits the convergent motion and single-period limit cycle flutter. While under higher-order piston theories, the panel response is more complex, exhibiting more complex nonlinear dynamic phenomena such as multi-period limit cycle flutter and chaotic motion in addition to the aforementioned characteristics. ②As the Mach number increases, the required dynamic pressure and temperature rise ratio decrease gradually when the dynamic response of the panel under the first-order piston theory and higher-order piston theories exhibit significant differences. ③The significant differences in the computational results of the second-order and third-order piston theory appear under the high Mach numbers and relatively high dynamic pressures, and the same phenomenon occurs underthe high temperature rise ratios. ④When the dynamic response characteristics of the panel are basically consistent, the displacement response peak calculated by using the higher-order piston theory is usually smaller than the result calculated by using the first-order piston theory, and the maximum error can reach about 16.66%. The present results have certain reference value for selecting the appropriate analysis method for the panel flutter under different conditions in practical applications.
Response surface test simulation of locking system reliability considering kinematic pair wear evolution
Authors: LI Qingsong , ZHANG Jinye , HE Erming , ZHANG Pengcheng , HAN Zhaohui , WANG Yansheng
Published: October 2024

The concentrated load endured by the locking system during the weapon mounting and release procedures may lead to mechanical wear in hinges and kinematic pairs, thereby influencing the functional reliability of the weapon rack mechanism system. This study aims to investigate the impact of kinematic pair wear evolution on the reliability of the locking system. Firstly, a rigid-flexible coupling multi-body dynamics model of the locking system was established to simulate the dynamic behaviors of the rack under different loading conditions. Moreover, the wear amounts of the main kinematic pairs were precisely calculated by the Archard wear model to provide data support for the subsequent reliability analysis. Subsequently, the response surface method was employed to design the orthogonal experiments for the reliability analysis of the locking system, and the reliability degradation law of the locking system within the design lifespan was obtained through the Monte Carlo method simulation. The research findings indicate that the wear of kinematic pairs has a significant effect on the motion function and accuracy of the mechanism. The motion reliability of the mechanism can be maintained above 99% within the design lifespan. Nevertheless, when the usage time exceeds twice the design lifespan, the reliability drops significantly to approximately 85%, and the influence degrees of different wear positions on the reliability were obtained through the sensitivity analysis. The research results not only provide a scientific basis for the optimal design of the locking system but also offer a novel perspective and method for the reliability assessment and maintenance strategy of the weapon rack locking system.
Simulation on lightning erosion protection performance of CFRP laminates with metal cluster structure
Authors: JIA Baohui , YANG Xiao , SHAN Zezhong , XIAO Haijian , REN Peng
Published: October 2024

The tufting technology has the advantages of high flexibility and high economy. Research has found that metal tufting structures can significantly improve the mechanical and electrical properties of carbon fiber composites, and have great prospects in engineering applications. In order to investigate the damage characteristics of carbon fiber CFRP laminates with metal tufted structures during lightning strikes and the influence of structural parameters on lightning protection effectiveness, an electric thermal coupling model of CFRP laminates with metal tufted structures was established. Comparing the simulation and experimental results under the same load condition, it was found that the two were consistent in terms of damage appearance, damage area, and damage propagation trend, proving the effectiveness of the model. The transverse heat transfer process and current conduction path of CFRP laminates with metal cluster structure were discussed. The research results indicate that the ablation surface area of CFRP laminates with metal tufted structures is reduced to 8.06% of the reference component. Wire spacing had an effect on the area and shape of the area of the high potential region, and the wire spacing had the greatest impact on the ablation area of lightning strikes.
Study on calculation method for dynamic load distribution of thread pair of planetary roller screw mechanism
Authors: XU Qianjin , MA Shangjun , WU Linping , FU Xiaojun
Published: October 2024

To reveal the dynamic load distribution characteristics of planetary roller screw mechanism under the high-speed operating conditions, based on the spiral surface equation and deformation coordination relationship, a static contact force calculation method of the roller-screw and roller-nut thread at the contact point is proposed, and a formula for calculating the contact angle after bearing is derived. On this basis, further considering the inertial force generated by using high-speed operation, a dynamic load distribution model for planetary roller screw mechanism thread was established. By comparing with the finite element contact model of planetary roller screw mechansim, the error is below 5%, which verifies the correctness of the model established. Finally, the influence of the parameters such as screw speed, axial load, pitch, and tooth flank angle on the distribution of dynamic load was analyzed. The results show that the inertia force causes the roller to have a tendency to move closer to the nut and away from the screw resulting in a decrease in dynamic contact force on the roller screw side and an increase in dynamic contact force on the roller nut side. The degree of uneven distribution of dynamic load is positively correlated with the screw speed and pitch, and negatively correlated with the tooth side angle. The size of axial load has a significant impact on the distribution of dynamic load.
Study on vibration bandgap characteristics of a cantilever beam type local resonance unit
Authors: SUN Xuyang , WANG Zhong , ZHOU Jingjun , WANG Qian , XU Jingjian
Published: October 2024

This article proposes a novel phononic crystal configuration consisting of a through-hole cantilever beam and a mass block, and conducts numerical analysis and experimental verification on the bandgap characteristics of a two-dimensional periodic array plate containing this configuration. The results indicate that there are multiple bending wave band gaps in the proposed structure, and the formation of the bandgap is due to the coupling between elastic waves in the matrix and the resonance characteristics of the local resonant structure. The width of the bandgap is related to the coupling strength. Further research has also found that the proportion of effective mass of the mode is a criterion for determining whether the mode generates a bandgap. At the same time, the regulation of band gaps by the cell constants and geometric parameters of local resonance units was studied. Based on the above research, by improving the original local resonance structure, more abundant bandgap features were obtained, providing a feasible approach for the design of broadband bandgaps. Finally, the vibration transmission rate of the finite period structural plate was obtained through simulation calculations and experiments, and its attenuation frequency band was basically consistent with the bandgap range, indicating that the structure has good low-frequency vibration reduction performance, which has broad engineering application prospects in the field of vibration and noise reduction.
Research on morphing aircraft maneuver control based on active disturbance rejection control
Authors: LI Kecheng , LIU Xiaoxiong , LI Yu , WANG Yuewen , SHI Jingping
Published: October 2024

Aiming at the problems of model uncertainties caused by morphing aircraft during morphing process and disturbance encountered when maneuvering, a morphing aircraft maneuver control method based on active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is proposed to eliminate the influences of model uncertainty and external disturbance and improve the rapidity and accuracy of maneuver control. Firstly, a nonlinear model for morphing aircraft is established and the impact mechanism of morphing process is analyzed. Then, the ADRC technique is used to design the angular rate robust control law and the control performance of ADRC law is analyzed under the influence of disturbance. Finally, the immelmann turn maneuver is selected to verify the performance of the designed control law with aerodynamic parameters perturbation combined with the morphing process. The simulation results show that the method possesses good decoupling effect and strong disturbance rejection ability. Moreover, the aircraft's maneuverability and the control margin of control surface can be effectively improved through morphing
Feasibility study and verification of velocity field calibration for short center line probe in subsonic and transonic wind tunnel
Authors: DENG Haijun , XIONG Bo , LUO Xinfu , LIU Changqing , ZHENG Jieyun
Published: October 2024

According to GJB1179A-2012 "Quality Requirements for Low Speed and High Speed Wind Tunnel Flow Fields", the velocity field calibration is a key item in the wind tunnel flow field calibration and an important basis for evaluating whether wind tunnels have the ability to conduct model tests. Center line probe is a universal calibration instrument used for velocity field calibration in the subsonic and transonic wind tunnels. In order to reduce the disturbance of the center line probe on the flow field and generate an undisturbed flow field in the test section, it is generally required that the blockage degree should not exceed 0.5%, and the head cone is located in the contraction section of the wind tunnel. In recent years, with the construction of large-scale transonic wind tunnels of over 2 meters in China, traditional center line probe design schemes face certain difficulties in the manufacturing, installation and calibration. In response to this issue, the aerodynamic shape and installation position of the head of the center line probe is optimized, achieving the weakening of the intensity and disturbance range of the conical shock wave at the head of the probe, and exerting the wave attenuation ability of the acceleration zone in the test section. A non-interference flow field consistent with traditional long center line probe is generated in the test section, greatly shortening the length of the probe. The present study provides a feasible technical solution for the design of center line probe for velocity field calibration in large-scale transonic wind tunnels.
Design on temporal-spatial Transformer model for air target intention recognition
Authors: WANG Ke , LI Chenghai , SONG Yafei , WANG Peng , LI Lemin
Published: October 2024

The battlefield changes rapidly in information warfare. The battlefield situation data presents massive and diversified characteristics, which makes it increasingly difficult to identify the operational intent of air targets based on expert experience. In combination with the current state-of-the-art intelligent methods, the Transformer model is studied and introduced into the field of air target intent recognition for the first time, and a new intent recognition method temporal-spatial transformer(TST) is designed, which can effectively mine the deep feature information in the temporal and spatial domains of battlefield situational data to improve the accuracy of air target combat intention recognition. In addition, a comparative study of the four currently advanced neural network intention recognition methods shows that TST achieved outstanding performance in all indicators and outperformed all compared neural network models. TST method not only has excellent accuracy but also extremely fast convergence rate, which allows it to quickly capture key information from battlefield situation data for intention recognition.
Study on dynamic scheduling method of airport refueling vehicles based on DQN
Authors: CHEN Weixing , LI Yebo
Published: October 2024

Aiming at the low utilization rate of airport refueling vehicles and long solution time of exact algorithm caused by the uncertainty of actual flight time, a deep Q network dynamic scheduling method for refueling vehicles combining with the multi-objective deep reinforcement learning framework was proposed. Firstly, an optimization model is established to maximize the on-time rate of refueling tasks and the average proportion of idle vehicles. Then, the five state features that measure the current state of the vehicle are designed as inputs to the network. According to the two objectives, the two scheduling strategies are proposed as the action space so that the algorithm can generate the dynamic scheduling scheme based on the dynamic flight data in real time. Finally, the dynamic scheduling model for airport refueling vehicles is solved, and the effectiveness and real-time performance of the algorithm are verified by different scale examples. The results show that the average number of on-time refueling tasks per day is 9.43 more than that via manual scheduling, and the average working time of vehicles is reduced by 57.6 minutes, which shows the excellent ability of the present method in solving the dynamic scheduling problem of refueling vehicles.
Study on unified expression of event occurrence flexible logic based on superposition quantum states
Authors: CUI Tiejun , LI Shasha
Published: October 2024

To determine the multi logical relationship in the process of cause event leading to result event, a unified expression of flexible logic of event occurrence based on the superposition of multi quantum states is proposed. According to the premise that the logical relationship between any numbers of events can be simplified to the logical relationship between the two events, 20 kinds of flexible logical relationships are studied, and 16 of them are selected to establish the unified expression of flexible logic of event occurrence. By studying those 16 kinds of logical relationships, 8 kinds of logical relationships without obvious correlation are further determined, and finally the unified expression of event occurrence flexible logic of superposition of three quantum states is formed. The result shows that the expression can express 8 kinds of superposition states of logical relationships at the same time, and the different logical forms in the probability of occurrence of result events can be obtained. Finally, the characteristics of the expression and the problems that may be encountered in the process of solving are analyzed. And through the example analysis, the usage process and function of the present method were explained. It can be used to express the logical relationship between the cause event and the result event in the system fault evolution and determine the probability of fault occurrence.
Sarkoidose und Auge
Authors: Bulirsch Louisa Maria , Herwig-Carl Martina C. , Mauschitz Matthias Marten , Holz Frank G. , Löffler Karin U.
Published: October 2024

Bei der Sarkoidose handelt es sich um eine granulomatöse Multisystemerkrankung, die sich häufig auch am Auge manifestiert, sodass eine interdisziplinäre Betreuung der Patienten auch unter Einbeziehung des Ophthalmologen notwendig ist. Eine okuläre Beteiligung kann sich in verschiedenen Augenabschnitten, wie der Orbita, der Tränendrüse, der Bindehaut oder dem Sehnerv zeigen. Allerdings ist die Uveitis, vor allem die Uveitis anterior, die häufigste Augenbeteiligung. Eine adäquate Therapie der Sarkoidose ist erforderlich, um einen Visusverlust und somit eine potenziell erhebliche Einschränkung im Alltag der betroffenen Patienten zu verhindern. Eine okuläre Manifestation kann auch das erste Symptom der Erkrankung sein, sodass dem Augenarzt eine entscheidende Rolle in der Diagnosestellung zukommt.
Muskuloskelettale Manifestationen der Sarkoidose
Authors: Rump Caroline , Kanne Anna-Maria
Published: October 2024

Muskuloskelettale Manifestationen der Sarkoidose treten bei bis zu 80 % der Sarkoidosepatienten und -patientinnen auf. Die Beschwerden reichen von leichtgradigen Arthralgien bis hin zu schwerwiegenden Manifestationen wie destruierende Knochenläsionen. Das breite Spektrum erschwert die Diagnostik und stellt eine Herausforderung auch in der Therapie dar. Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über Gelenk-, Knochen- und Muskelmanifestationen sowie den im Rahmen der Erkrankung häufig gestörten Vitamin-D-Kalzium-Stoffwechsel.
Self-control failures, as judged by themselves
Authors: Lades Leonhard K. , Delaney Liam
Published: October 2024

The existence of self-control failures is often used to legitimize public policy interventions. The argument is that reducing self-control failures can make people better off, as judged by themselves. However, there is only scarce evidence on the frequency and welfare costs of self-control failures. This paper presents a survey method that allows us to measure self-control failures in everyday life and to identify their welfare costs in terms of associations with experienced subjective well-being. We present novel survey evidence using this method and discuss its implications for behavioural welfare economics and behavioural public policy.
Advances in hybrid strategies for enhanced photocatalytic water splitting: Bridging conventional and emerging methods
Authors: Lakhera Sandeep Kumar , Kangeyan K. Priyanga , Yazhini S Crescentia , Golda A Shiny , Bernaurdshaw Neppolian
Published: October 2024

Significant efforts have been dedicated to hydrogen production through photocatalytic water splitting (PWS) over the past five decades. However, achieving commercially viable solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency in PWS systems remains elusive. These systems face intrinsic and extrinsic challenges, such as inadequate light absorption, insufficient charge separation, limited redox active sites, low surface area, and scalability issues in practical designs. To address these issues, conventional strategies including heterojunction engineering, plasmonics, hybridization, lattice defects, sensitization, and upconversion processes have been extensively employed. More recently, innovative hybrid strategies like photonic crystal-assisted and polarization field-assisted PWS have emerged, which improve light absorption and charge separation by harnessing the slow photon effect, multiple light scattering, and the piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and ferroelectric properties of materials. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive examination and summary of these new synergistic hybrid approaches, integrating plasmonic effects, upconversion processes, and photonic crystal photocatalysis. It also explores the role of temperature in suppressing exciton recombination during photothermic photocatalysis. This article also highlights emerging strategies such as the effects of magnetic fields, periodic illumination, many-body large-hole polaron, and anapole excitations, which hold significant potential to advance PWS technology and facilitate renewable hydrogen generation.
Sound velocity measurement based on laser-induced micro-flyers
Authors: He Z. , Fang Z. , Huang X. , Xie Z. , Ye J. , Dong J. , Shu H. , Wang P. , Jia G. , Zhang F. , Xiong J. , Cheng B. , Tu Y. , Zhang J. , Fu S.
Published: October 2024

The measurement of high-pressure sound velocity in solid materials is crucial for developing constitutive equations and equations of state for materials in extreme stress–strain rate conditions. In this study, we propose a novel method for high-pressure sound velocity measurement using laser-induced micro-flyer technology. By optimizing laser driving conditions and target structure design, we measure high-pressure sound velocity using the “reverse-impact geometry” approach. The well-established Photon Doppler Velocimetry system allows for high-precision, single-shot measurements of both flyer velocity and particle velocity histories. A systematic error analysis shows that the longitudinal sound velocity of aluminum obtained in this experiment is consistent with data from traditional devices, such as gas guns, within the error margin. Finally, we analyze the potential application value of this method in laser technology as well as high-pressure dynamic responses of materials, and conclude the current shortcomings and possible improvements of this method.
Advancing instantaneous detonation prediction of condensed energetic materials based on high-order compressible multiphase fluid dynamics
Authors: Hao Yi , Wang Jun , Chen Jiping , Sheng Zhenxin , Liu Guozhen , Yu Jun
Published: October 2024

The instantaneous detonation model (IDM) is widely used in simulating underwater explosions due to its efficiency and ability to ignore the detonation reaction process. In this study, we propose a new IDM to predict the fluid structure in the detonation zone of an RS211 explosive charge. This model is based on high-order solutions provided by the detonation shock dynamics model, where the spatial term is discretized using fifth-order WENO reconstruction in characteristic space and Lax–Friedrichs’s splitting and the temporal terms are discretized using a third-order TVD Runge–Kutta scheme. The interface motion is captured using the level-set method combined with MGFM, and a programmed burn model is provided to describe the generation and propagation of the detonation wave. The self-similarity of detonation wave propagation is validated, and the quantitative calculation formula of the instantaneous detonation model is obtained by averaging or curve fitting the dimensionless results. Consequently, the IDM of the RS211 charge is established using high-order polynomial approximations of the Taylor rarefaction zone and a constant static zone for 1D planar, cylindrical, and spherical RS211 charges. The application of the IDM involves direct mapping from the radial direction to the spatial structured grid for 1D planar, 2D cylindrical, and 3D spherical charges. Numerical results demonstrate that the IDM proposed in this paper shows good accuracy and high computational efficiency.
Kinematics and hydrodynamic performance of zebrafish C-type maneuvers: A comparison of two- and three-dimensional simulations
Authors: Liu Yuansen , Gao Mengchen , Yu Yongliang
Published: October 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) numerical models are commonly employed to investigate the kinematic and hydrodynamic characteristics of fish maneuvers. In this study, we captured the posture characteristics of zebrafish during C-type maneuvers using high-speed photography and constructed a midline curvature model via the tandem principal characteristics method, which exhibited a “double peak and single valley” structure. Based on this curvature model, self-propelled simulations were conducted using the immersed boundary method with adaptive mesh refinement. The results showed that, under identical deformation conditions, the 2D simulation exhibited a 16.8% higher centroid velocity, 6.1% greater overall angular velocity, and an 11.9% larger turning angle compared to the 3D simulation. This discrepancy is primarily due to the 2D model’s inability to accurately represent the fish body’s mass distribution and force characteristics, resulting in artificially elevated performance. Nevertheless, 2D simulations remain applicable for studying the propulsion performance of fish with elongated cross-sections and large fin areas. Comparison between the simulated and real motion performance reveals that, under the self-propelled computational model, both 2D and 3D numerical simulations consistently capture the qualitative motion patterns. The quantitative results also reflect the actual swimming performance of the fish within an acceptable margin of error.
Contribution of rolling resistance to the drag coefficient of spheres freely rolling on a rough inclined surface
Authors: Nanayakkara S. D. J. S. , Terrington S. J. , Zhao J. , Thompson M. C. , Hourigan K.
Published: October 2024

The drag coefficient (CD) of a sphere freely rolling without slipping on a rough plane is presented in this study. Increasing panel roughness has been found to increase CD, although lubrication theory predicts that the larger gap imposed by the rougher panel should yield a smaller drag. We propose that this increase in drag is due to the effects of rolling resistance, which increases with panel roughness. The total drag on a sphere is decomposed into fluid drag and drag due to rolling resistance, where the fluid drag is predicted using a combined analytical–numerical approach. It is shown that rolling resistance can be modeled as a resistive torque opposing the sphere motion, generated by the offset contact normal force from the sphere center plane. This coefficient of rolling resistance (μr) can be predicted using the root mean square roughness (Rq) of the panel. Additionally, μr is observed to increase with sphere down-slope velocity and an empirical relationship between μr, Rq, and non-dimensional velocity (U∗) is given. A comparison of the drag predicted by the proposed model with measured data indicates good agreement for all the four panels considered. Consistent with previous literature, a non-linear relationship between μr, Rq, and U∗ is proposed. Although increasing panel roughness leads to a smaller fluid drag due to the larger gap imposed by rougher panels, the drag due to rolling resistance increases more rapidly. This leads to an increase in total drag with increase in the panel roughness. Additionally, increasing panel roughness is observed to have a significant effect on the sphere wake, leading to irregular wake shedding and increase in the Strouhal number.
New opportunities for molecular photoswitches as wearable ultraviolet radiation dosimeters
Authors: Blackwell Lauren E. , Wiedbrauk Sandra , Boase Nathan R. B.
Published: October 2024

Australians have the highest incidence of melanoma globally, despite increasing awareness of the risks of excessive sun exposure. Although excess ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can cause irreparable cell damage and lead to cancer, some exposure is vital to maintain bodily processes such as vitamin D production. For an individual, finding the balance between healthy exposure and skin damage is largely guesswork. The ability to provide a simple, individualised indicator of cumulative UVR dosage could be transformative in preventing skin cancer. This review will provide a brief overview of the variety of UVR sensor technologies and explain the important role of colourimetric dosimeters. The chemistry behind some recent examples of colourimetric dosimeters will be discussed, identifying that molecular photoswitches are ideal candidates to enable this technology. We discuss the chemical mechanisms of photoswitches and how to modify their chemical structure to optimise their properties for use as dosimeters. Through this lens, diarylethenes have been identified as prime dosimeter candidates, owing to their sensitivity, stability, adaptability and the variety of visually striking colours possible. Finally, some specific challenges are identified in the design and fabrication of personalised colourimetric dosimeters that can equitably meet the requirements of all users in our community.
Shedding light with harmonic radar: Unveiling the hidden impacts of streetlights on moth flight behavior
Authors: Degen Jacqueline , Storms Mona , Lee Chengfa Benjamin , Jechow Andreas , Stöckl Anna Lisa , Hölker Franz , Jakhar Aryan , Walter Thomas , Walter Stefan , Mitesser Oliver , Hovestadt Thomas , Degen Tobias
Published: October 2024

One of the most dramatic changes occurring on our planet is the ever-increasing extensive use of artificial light at night, which drastically altered the environment to which nocturnal animals are adapted. Such light pollution has been identified as a driver in the dramatic insect decline of the past years. One nocturnal species group experiencing marked declines are moths, which play a key role in food webs and ecosystem services such as plant pollination. Moths can be easily monitored within the illuminated area of a streetlight, where they typically exhibit disoriented behavior. Yet, little is known about their behavior beyond the illuminated area. Harmonic radar tracking enabled us to close this knowledge gap. We found a significant change in flight behavior beyond the illuminated area of a streetlight. A detailed analysis of the recorded trajectories revealed a barrier effect of streetlights on lappet moths whenever the moon was not available as a natural celestial cue. Furthermore, streetlights increased the tortuosity of flights for both hawk moths and lappet moths. Surprisingly, we had to reject our fundamental hypothesis that most individuals would fly toward a streetlight. Instead, this was true for only 4% of the tested individuals, indicating that the impact of light pollution might be more severe than assumed to date. Our results provide experimental evidence for the fragmentation of landscapes by streetlights and demonstrate that light pollution affects movement patterns of moths beyond what was previously assumed, potentially affecting their reproductive success and hampering a vital ecosystem service.
Native β-barrel substrates pass through two shared intermediates during folding on the BAM complex
Authors: dos Santos Thiago M. A. , Thomson Benjamin D. , Marquez Melissa D. , Pan Lydia , Monfared Tabasom H. , Kahne Daniel E.
Published: October 2024

The assembly of β-barrel proteins into membranes is mediated by the evolutionarily conserved β-barrel assembly machine (BAM) complex. In
Escherichia coli
, BAM folds numerous substrates which vary considerably in size and shape. How BAM is able to efficiently fold such a diverse array of β-barrel substrates is not clear. Here, we develop a disulfide crosslinking method to trap native substrates in vivo as they fold on BAM. By placing a cysteine within the luminal wall of the BamA barrel as well as in the substrate β-strands, we can compare the residence time of each substrate strand within the BamA lumen. We validated this method using two defective, slow-folding substrates. We used this method to characterize stable intermediates which occur during folding of two structurally different native substrates. Strikingly, these intermediates occur during identical stages of folding for both substrates: soon after folding has begun and just before folding is completed. We suggest that these intermediates arise due to barriers to folding that are common between β-barrel substrates, and that the BAM catalyst is able to fold so many different substrates because it addresses these common challenges.
Chlorophyll to zeaxanthin energy transfer in nonphotochemical quenching: An exciton annihilation-free transient absorption study
Authors: Lee Tsung-Yen , Lam Lam , Patel-Tupper Dhruv , Roy Partha Pratim , Ma Sophia A. , Lam Henry E. , Lucas-DeMott Aviva , Karavolias Nicholas G. , Iwai Masakazu , Niyogi Krishna K. , Fleming Graham R.
Published: October 2024

Zeaxanthin (Zea) is a key component in the energy-dependent, rapidly reversible, nonphotochemical quenching process (qE) that regulates photosynthetic light harvesting. Previous transient absorption (TA) studies suggested that Zea can participate in direct quenching via chlorophyll (Chl) to Zea energy transfer. However, the contamination of intrinsic exciton–exciton annihilation (EEA) makes the assignment of TA signal ambiguous. In this study, we present EEA-free TA data using
Nicotiana benthamiana
thylakoid membranes, including the wild type and three NPQ mutants (
npq1
,
npq4
, and
lut2
) generated by CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis. The results show a strong correlation between excitation energy transfer from excited Chl Q
y
to Zea S
1
and the xanthophyll cycle during qE activation. Notably, a Lut S
1
signal is absent in the
npq1
thylakoids which lack zeaxanthin. Additionally, the fifth-order response analysis shows a reduction in the exciton diffusion length (L
D
) from 62 ± 6 nm to 43 ± 3 nm under high light illumination, consistent with the reduced range of exciton motion being a key aspect of plants’ response to excess light.
Does gender-fair language matter?
Authors: Tarrayo Veronico N.
Published: October 2024

Gender-fair language (GFL), a linguistic practice that aims to avoid gender bias or discrimination by using
gender-inclusive terms, has been increasingly recognized in various contexts. Despite this growing recognition, the question of
how Filipinos view the use of GFL in the workplace remains underexplored. The present study contributes to this evolving discourse
by investigating the perceptions of Filipino professional writers in English toward GFL, an area that has received relatively
little attention in the literature, particularly in more restrictive cultural contexts such as the Philippines. Using a
qualitative survey with 34 Filipino professional writers, ten of whom participated in follow-up email interviews, I examine the
views of these writers on GFL and the aspects that influence them in using GFL in writing. The findings demonstrate that while GFL
is seen as positive for social change, practical and contextual considerations affect its use. Factors that facilitate GFL
adoption are identified, such as confidence and awareness, commitment to gender equality, and professional growth. In contrast,
hindering factors include cultural and ideological resistance, practical and linguistic challenges, and the lack of comprehensive
GFL guidelines and resources.
Relativistic fluids in cosmological spacetimes
Authors: Fajman David , Ofner Maximilian , Wyatt Zoe
Published: October 2024

We review the status of mathematical research on the dynamical properties of relativistic fluids in cosmological spacetimes–both, in the presence of gravitational backreaction as well as the evolution on fixed cosmological backgrounds. We focus in particular on the phenomenon of fluid stabilization, which describes the taming effect of spacetime expansion on the fluid. While fluids are in general known to form shocks from regular initial data, spacetime expansion has been found to suppress this behaviour. During the last decade, various rigorous results on this problem have been put forward. We review these results, the mathematical methods involved and provide an outlook on open questions.
Bi-TAM-Net framework: fault diagnosis for insulated bearing based on new noise-resistant time-series framework
Authors: Huang Xingyuan , Yang Tongguang , Yang Dianjun , Li Jinglan , Xiao Dongming , Guo Shuaiping , Jiang Lingli , Li Xuejun
Published: October 2024

Insulated bearings are extensively employed in wind turbines and other applications as essential core parts of high-power frequency control motors. However, the influence of wind turbine structure makes it difficult to define the insulated bearing fault signal extraction. In order to solve the above challenges, Bi-TAM-Net framework is developed to diagnose the insulated bearing fault signals and achieve accurate identification of bearing faults. Firstly, the temporal information feature fusion model is created by the Bi-TAM-Net framework using the time-series bearing dataset as the model data input with recursive and chain linking rules in the direction of time-series evolution. Then the self-attention mechanism is introduced into the structure of the designed temporal information fusion model for optimization, which can be modeled in sequences of arbitrary length, and strengthening the extraction ability of the proposed framework for important information. Finally, based on the same dataset, the Bi-TAM-Net framework is compared and analyzed with seven methods such as the advanced TAM-Net model, and the results show that the Bi-TAM-Net framework has better superiority.