bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finding memo: versatile interactions of the VPS10p-Domain receptors in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Salasova Alena , Monti Giulia , Andersen Olav M. , Nykjaer Anders
Published: November 2022

The family of VPS10p-Domain (D) receptors comprises five members named SorLA, Sortilin, SorCS1, SorCS2 and SorCS3. While their physiological roles remain incompletely resolved, they have been recognized for their signaling engagements and trafficking abilities, navigating a number of molecules between endosome, Golgi compartments, and the cell surface. Strikingly, recent studies connected all the VPS10p-D receptors to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. In addition, they have been also associated with diseases comorbid with AD such as diabetes mellitus and major depressive disorder. This systematic review elaborates on genetic, functional, and mechanistic insights into how dysfunction in VPS10p-D receptors may contribute to AD etiology, AD onset diversity, and AD comorbidities. Starting with their functions in controlling cellular trafficking of amyloid precursor protein and the metabolism of the amyloid beta peptide, we present and exemplify how these receptors, despite being structurally similar, regulate various and distinct cellular events involved in AD. This includes a plethora of signaling crosstalks that impact on neuronal survival, neuronal wiring, neuronal polarity, and synaptic plasticity. Signaling activities of the VPS10p-D receptors are especially linked, but not limited to, the regulation of neuronal fitness and apoptosis via their physical interaction with pro- and mature neurotrophins and their receptors. By compiling the functional versatility of VPS10p-D receptors and their interactions with AD-related pathways, we aim to further propel the AD research towards VPS10p-D receptor family, knowledge that may lead to new diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies for AD patients.
Intubation first-pass success in a high performing pre-hospital critical care system is not associated with 30-day mortality: a registry study of 4496 intubation attempts
Authors: Ljungqvist Harry , Pirneskoski Jussi , Saviluoto Anssi , Setälä Piritta , Tommila Miretta , Nurmi Jouni
Published: November 2022

Background

Lower intubation first-pass success (FPS) rate is associated with physiological deterioration, and FPS is widely used as a quality indicator of the airway management of a critically ill patient. However, data on FPS’s association with survival is limited. We aimed to investigate if the FPS rate is associated with 30-day mortality or physiological complications in a pre-hospital setting. Furthermore, we wanted to describe the FPS rate in Finnish helicopter emergency medical services.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study. Data on drug-facilitated intubation attempts by helicopter emergency medical services were gathered from a national database and analysed. Multivariate logistic regression, including known prognostic factors, was performed to assess the association between FPS and 30-day mortality, collected from population registry data.

Results

Of 4496 intubation attempts, 4082 (91%) succeeded on the first attempt. The mortality rates in FPS and non-FPS patients were 34% and 38% (P = 0.21), respectively. The adjusted odds ratio of FPS for 30-day mortality was 0.88 (95% CI 0.66–1.16). Hypoxia after intubation and at the time of handover was more frequent in the non-FPS group (12% vs. 5%, P < 0.001, and 5% vs. 3%, P = 0.01, respectively), but no significant differences were observed regarding other complications.

Conclusion

FPS is not associated with 30-day mortality in pre-hospital critical care delivered by advanced providers. It should therefore be seen more as a process quality indicator instead of a risk factor of poor outcome, at least considering the current limitations of the parameter.
Prevalence and influence of hypouricemia on cardiovascular diseases in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Zou Yao-Wei , Li Qian-Hua , Zhu Ying-Ying , Pan Jie , Gao Jing-Wei , Lin Jian-Zi , Wu Tao , Zhang Qian , Zheng Hu-Wei , Mo Ying-Qian , Ma Jian-Da , Dai Lie
Published: November 2022

Background

Serum uric acid (SUA) acts as an antioxidant and abnormally low SUA may raise the risk of developing atherosclerotic disorders. There is a U-shaped association between SUA with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in general population. However, the prevalence of hypouricemia and its influence on CVDs in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unclear.

Methods

This cross-sectional study collected clinical data from a Chinese RA cohort. Hypouricemia was defined as SUA ≤ 3.0 mg/dL, and hyperuricemia was defined as SUA ≥ 7.0 mg/dL. CVDs were defined as a history of angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke and peripheral arterial disease. Restricted cubic spline regression and logistic regression analysis were conducted to evaluate the associations between SUA levels and CVDs.

Results

Among 1130 RA patients recruited, the mean age was 53.2 years and 79.0% were female. The prevalence of hypouricemia and hyperuricemia were 10.6% and 12.0%, respectively. RA patients with hyperuricemia had a higher rate of CVDs than normouricemic patients (27.9% vs. 7.1%, P < 0.05). Surprisingly, RA patients with hypouricemia also had a higher rate of CVDs (20.7% vs. 7.1%, P < 0.05) even without higher traditional cardiovascular risk factors. A U-shaped association between SUA levels and total CVDs was found (Pnon-linear < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that compared with normouricemia, both hypouricemia [adjusted OR (AOR) = 4.707, 95% CI 2.570–8.620] and hyperuricemia (AOR = 3.707, 95% CI 2.174–6.321) were associated with higher risk of CVDs.

Conclusions

Hypouricemia may be a potential risk factor of CVDs in RA patients
Effect of esketamine vs dexmedetomidine adjunct to propofol sedation for pediatric 3Tesla magnetic resonance imaging: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial
Authors: Xu Shang-xian , Shan Xi-sheng , Gao Jin-meng , Liu Hua-xian , Chen Wei-rong , Gao Shan-shan , Ji Fu-hai , Peng Ke , Wang Qian
Published: November 2022

Background

Adequate sedation is essential for pediatric patients undergoing 3Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using propofol alone is associated with patient arousing and adverse airway events. This study aimed to assess esketamine vs dexmedetomidine adjunct to propofol sedation for pediatric 3 T MRI.

Methods

In this randomized, double-blind, controlled trial, 114 pediatric patients aged between 6 months and 8 years were randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to the esketamine–propofol group or the dexmedetomidine–propofol group. Sedation was provided with esketamine or dexmedetomidine in combination with propofol titration. The primary outcome was the total dose of propofol. Secondary outcomes included propofol infusion dose, adverse events, time to emergence from sedation, and time to discharge from recovery room.

Results

A total of 111 patients completed this study (56 in the esketamine–propofol group and 55 in the dexmedetomidine–propofol group). All MRI procedures were successfully performed under sedation. The total median (IQR) dose of propofol was significantly lower in the esketamine–propofol group (159.8 [121.7, 245.2] μg/kg/min) than that in the dexmedetomidine–propofol group (219.3 [188.6, 314.8] μg/kg/min) (difference in medians [95% CI] =  − 66.9 [− 87.8 to − 43.0] μg/kg/min, P < 0.0001). The use of esketamine resulted in a lower dose of propofol for titration (difference in medians [95% CI] =  − 64.3 [− 75.9 to − 51.9] μg/kg/min), a shorter time to emergence (difference in means [95% CI] =  − 9.4 [− 11.4 to − 7.4] min), and a reduced time to recovery room discharge (difference in means [95% CI] =  − 10.1 [− 12.1 to − 8.2] min). In the dexmedetomidine–propofol group, 2 patients experienced upper airway obstruction and 6 patients had bradycardia. No episodes of oxygen desaturation or other adverse events were observed.

Conclusions

Although both regimens provided effective sedation for pediatric 3 T MRI, the esketamine–propofol sedation reduced propofol requirement and facilitated recovery, without detection of increased adverse effects in the studied population.

Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (identifier: ChiCTR2100048477).
SLIT2 promoter hypermethylation predicts disease progression in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Wu De-long , Wang Yun , Zhang Ting-juan , Chu Ming-qiang , Xu Zi-jun , Yuan Qian , Ma Ji-chun , Lin Jiang , Qian Jun , Zhou Jing-dong
Published: November 2022

Background

Aberrant DNA methylation plays a crucial role in the progression of myeloid neoplasms. Previously, our literature reported that slit guidance ligand 2 (SLIT2) promoter methylation was associated with disease progression and indicated a poor prognosis in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Herein, we further investigated the clinical implications and role of SLIT2 promoter methylation in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).

Methods

The level of SLIT2 promoter methylation was determined in 104 CML patients, and its clinical significance was analyzed. Moreover, demethylation studies were performed in K562 cells to determine the epigenetic mechanism by which SLIT2 promoter methylation is regulated in CML.

Results

The level of SLIT2 promoter methylation was similar between CML patients and controls. However, deeper analysis revealed that the SLIT2 promoter methylation level in the accelerated phase (AP) and blast crisis (BC) was markedly higher than that in the chronic phase (CP) and controls. Additionally, a marked difference was identified between the SLIT2 promoter hypermethylated and non-hypermethylated groups among CML patients grouped by clinical stage. The frequency of SLIT2 hypermethylation was markedly increased with the progression of clinical stage, that is, it was the lowest in CP samples (12/80, 15%), higher in AP samples (4/8, 50%) and the highest in BC samples (11/16, 69%). Importantly, the level/density of SLIT2 promoter methylation was significantly higher in the advanced stage than in the early stage among the 6 tested paired CML patients. Epigenetically, the expression of the SLIT2-embedded non-coding genes SLIT2-IT1 and miR-218 expression was decreased in patients with CML. SLIT2 promoter hypermethylated cases had a markedly lower SLIT2-IT1 expression level than SLIT2 promoter non-hypermethylated cases. Moreover, SLIT2-IT1 and miR-218 expression was remarkably upregulated in a dose-dependent manner after demethylation treatment of K562 cells.

Conclusions

Hypermethylation of the SLIT2 promoter is correlated with disease progression in CML. Furthermore, SLIT2 promoter methylation may function by regulating the expression of the SLIT2-embedded non-coding genes SLIT2-IT1 and miR-218 during CML progression.
Maternal autonomy but not social support is a predictor of child feeding indicators in the Northern Region, Ghana
Authors: Wemakor Anthony , Awuni Victoria , Issah Salifu
Published: November 2022

Background

Child malnutrition may be mediated by poor infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices. This study sought to explore if maternal social support or autonomy was related to IYCF indicators in Northern Region, Ghana.

Methods

An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 395 randomly sampled mother–child pairs from 8 health facilities. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, social support and autonomy statuses of mothers, and dietary intake and anthropometry of children. Maternal social support and autonomy statuses were derived and classified into tertiles and IYCF and child growth indicators were derived based on WHO protocol. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association of maternal social support and autonomy statuses to IYCF indicators and child nutritional status.

Results

The mean age of the women was 27 (± 5.10) years and most belonged to the lowest tertile of social support (52.4%), and autonomy (44.1%). About half of the children, 53.2% and 44.6%, received Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) and Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD) respectively but the majority (72.9%) received Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF). About a fifth of the children, 21.0%, 24.1%, and 20.5%, were wasted, stunted, and underweight respectively. Maternal autonomy was associated with IYCF but not growth indicators of young children. Compared to children of mothers of richest autonomy tertile, children of women of middle autonomy tertile were 67% less likely to receive MDD [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 0.33; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.18–0.59], and 56% less likely to receive MAD (AOR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.24–0.77). Also, children belonging to mothers of poorest autonomy tertile were 56% less likely to receive MMF compared to children of richest maternal autonomy tertile (AOR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.23–0.84).

Conclusion

Maternal autonomy and not social support is associated with IYCF indicators of children in Northern Ghana; child survival programmes should incorporate or strengthen women empowerment interventions to improve child nutrition.
Artemisia vulgaris Linn: an updated review on its multiple biological activities
Authors: Siwan Deepali , Nandave Dipali , Nandave Mukesh
Published: November 2022

Background

Artemisia vulgaris Linn, an annual herb, is also known as Mugwort or Wormwood in English, Nagadouna in Hindi, Mashibattiri, or Machipatri in Tamil. Native habitats are temperate Asia, Europe, Northern Africa and Alaska. Ethnomedicinally, it is used in traditional treatments to treat depression, epilepsy, irritability, insomnia and stress. This plant is called Herbaka in the Philippines and is used to alleviate hypertension. It is utilized as a culinary herb in western countries and is often used to flavor rice dishes and tea in Asia.

Main body of the abstract

Botanical description, holistic approaches, ethnomedical uses and phytochemical screening ofA. vulgaris along with its variousin vitro/in vivopharmacological activities reported are the prime focus of this literature. The primary phytoconstituents and diverse pharmacology of this plant have been fully uncovered in order to learn about its previously unrecognized ethnomedicinal uses and provide scientists with new knowledge to advance their study of this plant.

Short conclusion

This review includes various principle phytoconstituents (hydroxybenzoic acid, rutoside, camphen, 1, 8-cineole and α-thujone) which are extensively shown biological activities such as analgesic, anti-fungal and anti-bacterial. However, further investigations are needed for identifying chemical constituents responsible for the claimed ethnomedicinal uses along with their mechanism of action. It is also anticipated here that the review will be the current understanding ofArtemisia vulgarisapplication in complementary and alternative medicine.
Psychotherapy by Reciprocal Inhibition: Wolpe's unique legacy to the evolution of cognitive–behavioural therapy
Authors: Carona Carlos , Ramos Kevin , Salvador Céu
Published: November 2022

The book Psychotherapy by Reciprocal Inhibition (1968) is widely acclaimed as the masterwork of Joseph Wolpe, a great pioneer in the development of behavioural therapy, and is considered one of the most influential books in the history of clinical psychology. In this article, a brief biography of Wolpe is followed by a critical review of the book that illustrates his major contributions to the evolution of cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) as the most empirically supported model of psychotherapy.
A genome-wide CRISPR screen implicates plasma membrane asymmetry in exogenous C6-ceramide toxicity
Authors: Morris Siti Nur Sarah , Deol Kirandeep K. , Lange Mike , Olzmann James A.
Published: November 2022

The bioactive sphingolipid ceramide impacts diverse cellular processes (e.g. apoptosis and cell proliferation) through its effects on membrane dynamics and intracellular signaling pathways. The dysregulation of ceramide metabolism has been implicated in cancer evasion of apoptosis and targeting ceramide metabolism has potential therapeutic benefits as a strategy to kill cancer cells and slow tumor growth. However, the mechanisms of cancer cell resistance to ceramide-mediated cell death are vastly intertwined and incompletely understood. To shed light on this mystery, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen to systematically identify regulators of cancer resistance to the soluble short chain ceramide, C6 ceramide (C6-Cer). Our results reveal a complex landscape of genetic modifiers of C6-Cer toxicity, including genes associated with ceramide and sphingolipid metabolism, vesicular trafficking, and membrane biology. Furthermore, we find that loss of the phospholipid flippase subunit TMEM30A impairs the plasma membrane trafficking of its binding partner, the P4-type ATPase ATP11B, and depletion of TMEM30A or ATP11B disrupts plasma membrane asymmetry and promotes resistance to C6-Cer toxicity. Together, our findings provide a resource of genetic modifiers of C6-Cer toxicity and reveal an unexpected role of plasma membrane asymmetry in C6-Cer induced cell death.
A metazoan-specific C-terminal motif in EXC-4 and Gα-Rho/Rac signaling regulate cell outgrowth during tubulogenesis in C. elegans
Authors: Arena Anthony F. , Escudero Julianna , Shaye Daniel D.
Published: November 2022

Chloride intracellular channels (CLICs) are conserved proteins for which the cellular and molecular functions remain mysterious. An important insight into CLIC function came from the discovery that Caenorhabditis elegans EXC-4/CLIC regulates morphogenesis of the excretory canal (ExCa) cell, a single-cell tube. Subsequent work showed that mammalian CLICs regulate vascular development and angiogenesis, and human CLIC1 can rescue exc-4 mutants, suggesting conserved function in biological tube formation (tubulogenesis) and maintenance. However, the cell behaviors and signaling pathways regulated by EXC-4/CLICs during tubulogenesis in vivo remain largely unknown. We report a new exc-4 mutation, affecting a C-terminal residue conserved in virtually all metazoan CLICs, that reveals a specific role for EXC-4 in ExCa outgrowth. Cell culture studies suggest a function for CLICs in heterotrimeric G protein (Gα/β/γ)-Rho/Rac signaling, and Rho-family GTPases are common regulators of cell outgrowth. Using our new exc-4 mutant, we describe a previously unknown function for Gα-encoding genes (gpa-12/Gα12/13, gpa-7/Gαi, egl-30/Gαq and gsa-1/Gαs), ced-10/Rac and mig-2/RhoG in EXC-4-mediated ExCa outgrowth. Our results demonstrate that EXC-4/CLICs are primordial players in Gα-Rho/Rac-signaling, a pathway that is crucial for tubulogenesis in C. elegans and in vascular development.
Επίδραση της θερμοκρασίας στην αγωγιμότητα των περιφερικών νεύρων σε φυσιολογικές και παθολογικές συνθήκες
Authors: Γκαβανόζη Ευαγγελία
Published: November 2022

ΣΚΟΠΟΣ: Διερεύνηση της επίδρασης της θερμοκρασίας στις κινητικές και αισθητικές παραμέτρους υγιών και παθολογικών νεύρων. ΜΕΘΟΔΟΣ: Ο τελικός λανθάνων χρόνος, το ύψος και η διάρκεια του κινητικού προκλητού δυναμικού, το ύψος του αισθητικού δυναμικού και η αισθητική ταχύτητα μετρήθηκαν στο μέσο και το ωλένιο νεύρο 52 ατόμων με Σύνδρομο Καρπιαίου Σωλήνα(ΣΚΣ) και 52 υγιών μαρτύρων παρόμοιας ηλικίας και φύλου και σε 32 άτομα με Σακχαρώδη Διαβήτη (ΣΔ) τύπου 2 με αντίστοιχους 32 μάρτυρες σε θερμοκρασία περιβάλλοντος. Οι ίδιες παράμετροι καταγράφηκαν μετά τη θέρμανση του άνω άκρου για 15 λεπτά σε ζεστό νερό 40 °C και μετά την ψύξη σε κρύο νερό θερμοκρασίας 20 °C. Υπολογίστηκαν οι απόλυτες και σχετικές μεταβολές των παραμέτρων και συγκριθήκαν τόσο ανάμεσα στα δυο νευρά σε κάθε ομάδα όσο και μεταξύ υγιών με τα άτομα με ΣΚΣ και υγιών με άτομα με ΣΔ.ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΑ: Στη θέρμανση η σύγκριση μεταξύ των ατόμων με ΣΚΣ, ΣΔ και υγιών έδειξαν μια παρόμοιας σχετική % μείωση στον τελικό κινητικό λανθάνοντα χρόνο (DML) και στην αισθητική ταχύτητα (SCV) του μέσου και ωλένιου νεύρου Στην ψύξη η σχετική %μεταβολή ήταν μικρότερη στο μέσο νεύρο του ΣΚΣ για DML (5%) και για SCV ( 2,5%) σε σχέση με τις τιμές των υγιών(7% και 3.2% αντίστοιχα). Η ανάλυση κάθε περίπτωσης ΣΚΣ ξεχωριστά ανέδειξε αρκετά λιγότερες παθολογικές τιμές στο DML και SCV του μέσου νεύρου στη υψηλή και χαμηλή θερμοκρασία σε σχέση με αυτήν του περιβάλλοντος, ενώ στις περιπτώσεις με ΣΔ αυτό δεν παρατηρήθηκε. Δεν υπήρχαν σταθερές διαφορές σε παραμέτρους του ύψους του κινητικού και αισθητικού δυναμικού σε κανένα από τα δυο νεύρα σε όλες τις ομάδες.ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑ: Η χρήση συντελεστών διόρθωσης των υγιών νεύρων στις παραμέτρους των ατόμων με ΣΚΣ με άκρα με χαμηλή θερμοκρασία οδήγησε σε υπερδιόρθωση με συνέπεια τελικά την υποδιάγνωση του ΣΚΣ. Το ίδιο συνέβη και μετά από υπερβολική θέρμανση του άκρου. Για τους συμμετέχοντες με ΣΔ, η θερμοκρασία είχε παρόμοια επίδραση στις παραμέτρους τους με των υγιών μαρτύρων. Η διατήρηση της θερμοκρασίας της επιφάνειας του δέρματος στα άνω άκρα στους 32-33°C (που αντιστοιχεί στην φυσιολογική θερμοκρασία σώματος) είναι η βέλτιστη επιλογή και θα πρέπει να εφαρμόζεται στην κλινική πράξη.
Nutritional status, nutrient imbalances, food-related behaviors and dietary supplements use among patients with celiac disease on a gluten free diet in Lebanon: a national cross-sectional study
Authors: Hoteit Maha , Chamas Zeinab , Assaf Shaza , Bouhairie Malek Michael , Bahr Abbas , Daccache Romy , Matar Rami , Hallal Marwa , Hallal Mahmoud , Hotayt Samer , Hotayt Bilal
Published: November 2022

Background: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten, that occurs in susceptible individuals and is associated with dietary restriction and subsequent nutritional deficiencies. This study investigated the diet quality, nutrition imbalances and nutrition status among young children,adolescents and adults with CD who followed a gluten free diet an who were referred to several hospitals in Lebanon.

Methods:A cross-sectional study in 50 individuals (31.74 ± 15.64 years) with CD was conducted, using biochemical parameters, anthropometric measurements, dietary and physical activity assessments.

Results: Of the 50 participants, 38% and 16% were presenting low serum levels of iron and vitamin B12, respectively. The majority of participants were physically inactive and around 40% of them had low muscle mass. A weight loss of 10% to 30% indicating mild to moderate malnutrition was shown in 14% of individuals. The assessment of food-related behaviors shows that 80% of participants were reading nutrition labels and 96% of them were following gluten-free diets. Some barriers including family ignorance (6%), language of the nutrition labels (20%) and expensive GF products (78%) were limiting the adherence to GFD. The inadequacy of the daily energy intake along with insufficient intakes of calcium and vitamin D were remarked among individuals with CD. However, protein and iron intake were exceeding the recommendations among all age groups, except in males aged 4-8 years and 19-30 years. Half the study participants were using dietary supplements where 38%, 10%, 46%, 18%, 16% and 4% used vitamin D, vitamin B12, iron, calcium, folate and probiotics, respectively.

Conclusion: GFD is the key treatment for CD. However, it is not without inadequacies and may cause certain deficiencies such as calcium and vitamin D leading to reduced bone density. This underlines the critical role of dietitians in education and maintenance of healthy GFD among individuals with CD.
Trends in prevalence and patterns of use of a heated tobacco product (IQOS™) in Japan: A three-year repeated cross-sectional study
Authors: Fischer Karina , Bajec Martha , Mainy Nelly , AlMoosawi Suzana , Sieverding Marius , Zwisele Bertram , Camille Nathalie , Magnani Pierpaolo , Roulet Steve
Published: November 2022

Background: Numerous smoke-free tobacco or nicotine-containing product (TNP) alternatives have been introduced to support individual- and population-level harm reduction relative to continued cigarette smoking. This article details the nationwide prevalence and patterns of TNP use between 2016 and 2019 in Japan following the commercialization of IQOS™, a smoke-free heated tobacco product (HTP).

Methods: Cross-sectional surveys were conducted over a period of three study years (2016/2017, 2017/2018, and 2018/2019) in representative samples of the Japanese general adult population and samples of Japanese adult IQOS users registered in the IQOS owner database of Philip Morris International’s affiliate in Japan.

Results: Across the three study years (Y1-Y3), the prevalence of overall current TNP use (Y1-Y3: 18.5%, 18.9%, and 18.2%) and overall TNP use by age and sex remained similar. However, there was a growing shift from cigarette smoking to smoke-free TNP use across the three study years. While the cigarette smoking prevalence (Y1-Y3: 17.6%, 17.3%, and 16.0%) decreased, the use prevalence of smoke-free TNPs, including the HTP IQOS™ (Y1-Y3: 1.8%, 3.2%, and 3.3%) and e-cigarettes (Y1-Y3, 0.7%, 1.6%, and 2.0%) increased. At the same time, TNP initiation, TNP relapse, and TNP reinitiation with IQOS were all very low across the three study years. Across Y1-Y3, exclusive use of only one type of TNP (Y1-Y3: 82.3%, 75.0%, and 70.4%) decreased, while dual use of two types of TNPs (Y1-Y3: 14.3%, 17.2%, and 16.7%) increased, and poly-TNP use (Y1-Y3: 2.1%, 6.1%, and 10.0%) increased markedly. Moreover, the majority of adult IQOS users were exclusive IQOS users.

Conclusions: These trends in IQOS use behavior suggest that IQOS™ has the potential to switch adult smokers from cigarettes to smoke-free tobacco products, which presents a harm reduction opportunity, and that HTPs are effective tools for complementing current tobacco control measures.
A scoping review protocol on diagnostic and treatment costs of cardiovascular disease management in India
Authors: Tasneem Shaik Husna , Dhanal Mehnaaz M. , Renjith Merin , Subramanian Raveesh , Dhyani Vijay Shree , Krishnan Jisha B. , Pundir Prachi , Sirur Andria J.N. , Rajendran Ambigai
Published: November 2022

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality in India. Economic threats due to CVDs have surged, as diagnostic and treatment costs are out-of-pocket expenses. The increasing prevalence of CVDs in India is due to globalization, industrialization, aging, tobacco and alcohol consumption, diet, and sleep patterns. This scoping review provides a summary of the costs incurred in diagnosing and treating CVDs in India.

Methods: The JBI updated methodology aligned with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) will guide this scoping review. Searches will be conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, Econ Papers, and ProQuest databases. Google Scholar and Shodhganga will be used to search for relevant gray literature. Bibliographic mining will be performed to identify additional relevant studies. The literature published from 2000 onwards will be the primary focus. All direct and indirect costs for the diagnosis and treatment of CVDs across various levels of healthcare settings will be included. A two-stage independent screening, consisting of title and abstract screening, followed by full-text screening, will be conducted to identify eligible articles. Data will be extracted from full-text studies using a customized data extraction form. The results will be compiled and presented in the scoping review performed.

Ethics and dissemination: A conference presentation and scientific peer-reviewed journal publication will be the sources for disseminating the review results. This study does not require an ethics review because publicly available sources were used to retrieve data.
Criminalistic and criminological analysis of the Thomas Restobar case in Peru in the context of sanitary measures by COVID-19: A case study
Authors: Jauregui-Montero José Antonio , Rivera-Lozada Oriana , Neyra-Rivera Carlos , Bonilla-Asalde Cesar Antonio
Published: November 2022

Background: The aim of this study was to collect and analyze the experiences in regard to the application of criminalistic and criminological protocols and procedures, which were used to carry out the intervention in the premises of Thomas Restobar in Peru, in the context of the declaration of sanitary measures to control COVID 19. This police intervention resulted in the death of 13 people.

Methods: For the collection of information, we used the focus group technique, for which a script was designed and validated by five experts, considering six major subcategories: C1SC1: Joint investigation and prosecution work, C1SC2: Protocols and guidelines, C1SC3: Chain of custody (police, experts, and prosecutor), C1SC4: Quality of results; C2SC1: Participation of agents of Thomas Restobar and the municipality, C2SC2: Compliance with DIGESA-DIRIS health regulations. The study was approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee of the Universidad Norbert Wiener, with approval file N°864-2021.

Results: From the criminological analysis it became evident that the deficiencies identified in the six structured subcategories have led to the tragic death of thirteen people from asphyxiation. The people who attended this bar did not comply with the sanitary norms, exposing the health and life of their relatives and other people. The security agents of the premises and of the Municipality of Los Olivos did not comply with the norms of supervision and control, which finally led to the unfortunate death of 13 people from asphyxiation, closely related to the case of Utopia, in 2002. Conclusions: When evaluated by the experts of the focus group, it has generated two emerging categories: creation of a School of Experts and the categorization of the experience, which would prevent cases like Utopia and Thomas Restobar from happening again.
Rapid review on monkeypox policies among the G20 nations: relevance to policy and practitioner
Authors: Dsouza Viola Savy , Pattanshetty Sanjay , Raj Rohit , DS Anupama , Gudi Nachiket , Brand Helmut
Published: November 2022

Background: Monkeypox has been declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by the WHO Director General (WHO-DG). Most of the G20 nations have reported Monkeypox outbreak. Policies developed and implemented in G20 countries for the prevention and control of monkeypox preparedness and response have global consequences. This rapid review aimed to map the monkeypox prevention and control policies planned and implemented in G20 nations in line with temporary recommendations issued by the WHO-DG.

Methods: We mapped monkeypox prevention and control policies in G20 nations based on the WHO-DG recommendations. Medline (through PubMed), Scopus, and ProQuest Health and Medical Complete were searched to understand G20 preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic policies. We also performed an extensive gray literature search through the Ministry of Health websites and newspaper through Google.  The documents/ studies that had an information on prevention, control and management guidelines/policies and published through journal, news articles and health ministry websites of G20 nations on monkeypox were included. We excluded the editorials, opinion, and perspective papers and studies published prior to May 6, 2022.

Results: We obtained 671 articles with 10 articles included in the review. Additionally, we identified 55 documents from the gray literature. We included national guidelines of the 18 countries on the control, prevention, and management of monkeypox. National guidelines were compared with the WHO guidelines in terms of implementing coordinated response, engaging and protecting communities, surveillance and public health measures and international travel, clinical management and infection, prevention and control (IPC) measures and medical countermeasures research. Depending on the availability of resources, some recommendations are followed by nations while others are not.

Conclusions: Coordinated response among states is key to contain the transmission of monkeypox. To bring a coordinated response, G20 nations are following temporary recommendations that are context specific to their nation.
BDNF as a potential predictive biomarker for patients with pediatric cerebral palsy
Authors: Hanna Hanan , Youness Eman R. , Orban Hisham A. Aziz , El-Bassyouni Hala T.
Published: November 2022

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability in children, which is instigated by damage to the developing brain that affects the ability to control the muscles. The main types of CP are spastic CP, dyskinesia CP and mixed CP. The aim of this work was to estimate the concentrations of complete blood count (CBC), erythrocytic sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in children with CP compared to the control group.

Methods: A total of 75 Egyptian children were enrolled in this study, 45 had CP and 30 were controls. CBC, ESR, CRP, BDNF, and TNF-α were assessed.

Results: The ESR, CRP and TNF-α levels showed statistically significant increases in cases compared with controls. While the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and the BDNF levels were significantly lower in CP compared with the controls. When comparing the different groups of CP with each other; there were no significant differences. Regarding the correlation of BDNF and different studied parameters, our study showed a positive correlation between BDNF and TNF levels only within the group with spastic CP.

Conclusions: BDNF may be considered as a biomarker or treatment target for CP to avoid further complications as still there is insufficient progress in the prediction, early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of CP. Furthermore, searching for novel strategies to increase BDNF levels may open a new opportunity for the treatment of CP.
Comparison of the effects of therapeutic exercise with either an educational booklet or vitamin-D3 supplement in the management of chronic low back pain: study protocol for an assessor blinded multicenter randomized clinical trial
Authors: Islam Muhammad Shahidul , Hossain K. M. Amran , Hossain Md. Sohrab , Parvin Rashida , Urme Nadia Afrin , Raigangar Veena , Jahid Iqbal Kabir , Kabir Md. Feroz , Zahid Md. Ashrafuzzaman
Published: November 2022

Background: It is important to know the best intervention approach to replenish serum vitamin D levels along with therapeutic interventions for chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients. From the researcher’s knowledge, no study compared “vitamin D supplement” or “booklet education on sun exposure, nutrition and lifestyle” with therapeutic exercise for CLBP cases. Researchers hypothesize that multidimensional comprehensive management of therapeutic exercise and an education booklet (TEB) on sun exposure, nutrition, and lifestyle might be superior to therapeutic exercise and oral vitamin D supplement (TED) for CLBP patients with vitamin D deficiency.

Methods: We planned for an assessor-blinded two-arm multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) protocol to compare the efficacy of TEB compared to TED for CLBP patients with vitamin D deficiency at 2 months and 6 months after baseline recruitment in designated centers in Dhaka city. The primary outcome measures will include pain by Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), and serum vitamin D3 level and secondary outcome measures will include disability by Ronald Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ).

Discussion: This study will provide evidence for an appropriate prescription for the management of CLBP patients having vitamin D deficiency.

Registration: Clinical Trials Registry India (CTRI/2022/11/047074).
GENETIC POTENTIAL OF BLACK MOTTLE CATTLE OF DIFFERENT LINES AND BRANCHES
Authors: Shaydullin Radik , Kharisova Chulpan , Ahmetov Tahir
Published: November 2022

An analysis of the genealogical structure of black-and-white cattle was carried out, taking into account new promising branches in the breeding reproducers of LLC “Plemennoy edelo Alekseevskoye” and LLC “Plemennoye delo”. It has been established that the genealogical structure of the broodstock of reproducers is represented by three lines of the Holstein breed, such as Vis Beck Idiala 1013415, Reflection Sovering 198998 and Montvik Chieftain 95679. There are eight promising branches from three lines in the herd, while the largest share of dairy cattle is assigned to the branches of HANOVERHILL STARBUCK 352790 - 21.9% (“Plemennoye delo Alekseevskoye”) and 40.3% (“Plemennoye delo”) from the Vis Bek Aidiala line. Reflection Sovering has four branches in the herd “Ploomnoedelo”, and three branches in the “Plemennoye delo Alekseevskoye”, with the largest shares of TO-MAR BLACKSTAR-ET 1929410 - 13% and 14.1% and ARLINDA ROTATE 1697572 - 5.8% and 10.9%. The Montwick Chieftain line is represented by one branch - CARLIN-M IVANHOE BELL with 12.5-13.3% of cows in the herd. A small group of cattle comes from the WALKWAY CHIEF MARK 1773417 branch (3.4%).A high pedigree index of the bull is characterized by animals of the SWEET-HAVEN TRADITION branch with a milk yield of 12205 kg, the TO-MAR BLACKSTAR-ET branch (13320 kg; 4.00%; 3.35%), the WALKWAY CHIEF MARK branch (13801 kg; 4.46%) and branch CARLIN-M IVANHOE BELL (13323 kg; 4.26%; 3.38%). Animals of the M. Chieftain line with the best genetic potential for milk yield are observed to have an insufficiently high degree of its implementation, only 43%. In general, all lines have a low realization of the genetic potential of milk yield (43-49%), which is primarily due to the large number of young cows in the herd and the low age at calving.
Composição da fauna de Hymenoptera associada a macrófitas aquáticas no Pantanal Sul-Matogrossense
Authors: Lima Mariza Cunha de , Santos Poliana Galvão , Pereira Márlon César , Antonialli-Junior William Fernando
Published: November 2022

Considerando a importância do bioma Pantanal e das espécies que nele habitam o objetivo desse estudo foi descrever a fauna de himenópteros associada a bancos de macrófitas aquáticas no Pantanal do Nabileque, fornecendo informações sobre a composição, riqueza e abundância de espécies definindo padrões de associações entre as espécies animais e vegetais. Foram realizadas coletas mensais entre março a julho de 2009 no rio Paraguai na cidade de Porto Murtinho, abrangendo meses das estações de seca e cheia na região. As amostragens foram realizadas por meio de captura ativa com puçás. Foram capturadas 10 espécies de himenópteros. As famílias com maior riqueza de espécies foram Apidae e Vespidae, com três espécies diferentes cada uma, e Halictidae, Pompilidae, Cabronidae e Tiphiidae foram representados com apenas uma espécie. Os himenópteros foram mais abundantes na estação seca, ocorrendo 114 espécimes e a estação cheia com apenas 17 espécimes. Estes insetos visitaram 12 espécies de macrófitas aquáticas. Nossos resultados mostram que alguns táxons de himenópteros tanto sociais quanto solitários são importantes visitantes de macrófitas aquáticas do Pantanal, além disso, aqui evidenciamos grupos que usualmente são negligenciados quanto a interação com plantas e seu possível papel ecossistêmico de polinização.
Pharmacotherapy of androgenetic alopecia – a literature review
Authors: Tyszkiewicz Marcin , Pożarowska Kinga , Rosińska Agata , Orczykowski Maciej
Published: November 2022

INTRODUCTION: Androgenetic alopecia, also known as male pattern baldness, is a common dermatological problem. It manifests as hair thinning and miniaturization of hair follicles. In recent years, knowledge of the risk factors and pathomechanisms of this disease has increased, making treatment more effective. Serious consequences of this condition include reduced quality of life and patient self-esteem.

PURPOSE OF THE WORK: The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss selected studies involving agents used in the pharmacotherapy of androgenetic alopecia and to evaluate their safety and efficacy.

DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE: There are two drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia - oral finasteride 1 mg and 2% or 5% minoxidil solution for topical use. There are also other preparations for external use, such as 0.1% finasteride solution or ketoconaloze shampoo, and for oral use, dutasteride. They seem to be a promising alternative for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia, but require further research. It is possible to use one drug of choice or to use combination therapy to achieve better therapeutic effects.

SUMMARY: In order to achieve the best and fastest treatment results, patients should be treated with combination therapy consisting of two or more preparations. To reduce systemic side effects, consider using several topical preparations.
Diet and physical activity in the treatment of obesity - current knowledge
Authors: Brzuszkiewicz Kinga , Rudziński Gracjan , Pożarowska Kinga , Grunwald Arkadiusz
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Obesity is now becoming a growing problem and challenge for medicine. The number of people with excessive body weight has now reached more than 2 billion, or about 30% of the world's population. The purpose of this article is to identify and describe some of the already known treatments for obesity, along with the latest research on the subject, in order to show the importance of developing and introducing new methods of weight loss.Aim of the study: The purpose of this article is to review the impact of obesity on health and the diets offered to people struggling with the disease.Materials and methods: We reviewed the literature available in the PubMed database up to November 2022, using the keywords.Results: Consistently limiting caloric intake is a must when losing weight. There are also diets such as low-carbohydrate, low-fat and high-protein diets, but following them can also have some side effects. For example, a high-protein diet can lead to kidney stones. The Mediterranean diet is also a good option for people with obesity. It lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. All obesity treatment suggestions consistently recommend a balanced and low-calorie diet with reduced fat (along with saturated fatty acids) and optimal amounts of fiber. In addition to diet, physical activity is an important topic. The primary recommendation for people with obesity is at least moderate to vigorous physical activity of at least 150 minutes per week.Summary: In conclusion, the overarching goal of obesity treatment is to improve quality of life. Calorie restriction, regular exercise or a combination of both is accepted as an effective strategy for preventing or treating obesity.
Obesity In Children
Authors: Dudzińska Paulina , Milanowska Małgorzata , Grudzińska Aleksandra , Jarosz Dominika , Tsitko Hanna
Published: November 2022

Childhood obesity is currently a global problem. This disease is spreading among the youngest at an alarming rate. It leads to many complications such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, asthma, liver disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke and cancer. The risk factors for obesity include socioeconomic factors, poor diet, stress, low physical activity, and genetic factors. Research shows that neglect on each of these levels causes the development of the aforementioned disease. The priority of actions to prevent the occurrence of obesity among children is education about leading a healthy lifestyle from an early age. It should be run by parents, teachers at school and doctors. Currently, a major obstacle in the fight against obesity is the wide and easy availability on the market of processed products that are quick to prepare, high in calories and contain little nutrients. As a result of lack of time or lack of willingness, people more often reach for fast-food dishes, do not play sports, which unfortunately results in the development of the above-mentioned diseases. Undoubtedly, the problem of obesity among children and adolescents is growing. It is therefore important to prevent, quickly detect and treat this disease in its early stages and to build awareness among the population about the dangers of bad habits. This article is a review of current medical knowledge about children obesity based on available publications in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases.
A EXPERIÊNCIA WALDEN 7: A HABITAÇÃO COLETIVA COMO PLURALIZAÇÃO DO NÃO CONVENCIONAL
Authors: Lopes Dias Tiago
Published: November 2022

O Walden 7 (1970-75) é um edifício de habitação coletiva que persiste como exemplo singular do que podia ter sido uma Cidade no Espaço, investigação conduzida ao longo dos anos 1960 por Ricardo Bofill e uma equipa de arquitetos, artistas, engenheiros, matemáticos, escritores e poetas. Amplamente debatido e analisado na imprensa genérica e especializada, o Walden 7 tende a ser visto como uma experiência utópica que remete para uma forma de vida em sociedade paradigmática daquele tempo. No entanto, o contexto social e cultural mais próximo —a Barcelona que viu (e permitiu) o nascer da obra— não foi ainda suficientemente explorado. É nosso propósito demonstrar que a conceção dos espaços interiores, embora corresponda a um modelo social que começava a encontrar aceitação, é o reflexo de um estilo de vida não convencional que uma elite de Barcelona já praticava. Após um resumo dos princípios da Cidade no Espaço, o artigo procura esclarecer em que medida o livro Walden Two é influente na conceção de um modelo social alternativo, e até que ponto a informalidade já se manifestava na organização dos interiores de pequenas obras coetâneas do Walden 7. Ambos aspetos são retomados na leitura das células do edifício, que procura enfatizar as estratégias espaciais destinadas a um uso individualista, mas festivo e hedonista, da habitação. Um uso que era comum para uma estrita minoria era agora idealizado para uma ampla maioria.
ANARQUITECTURA FRENTE AL PASO DEL TIEMPO: REVISITANDO LA MÉMÉ DE LUCIEN KROL
Authors: Serra Permanyer Marta , Kuzmanić Jere
Published: November 2022

Este artículo explora el caso de diseño comunitario de La Maison Médicale conocido como “La Mémé”, un proyecto de vivienda colectiva en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Católica de Lovaina, diseñado y ejecutado por Lucien Kroll. Originado en 1969, el proyecto ha sido, a menudo, calificado como una obra de “anarquitectura” ocupando un lugar destacado en la historiografía sobre métodos participativos. El principal propósito consiste en examinar el proyecto desde su dimensión comunitaria y su evolución temporal a partir de investigar sobre la noción de anarquitectura. Con esta finalidad, exploramos el término anarquitectura asociado al pensamiento de arquitectos y urbanistas anarquistas para contextualizar la tradición en la que Kroll y su proyecto se inscriben. Como cuerpo principal, analizamos cómo esta anarquitectura se ha traducido, con el tiempo, en las formas espaciales y procesos que conforman La Mémé. Para ello presentamos tres características resultantes: organicidad, implicación comunitaria e implementación técnica, cada una de ellas abordadas desde su concepción en el diseño, uso y sus posibilidades de transformación presente. Finalmente concluimos con los principales aprendizajes que nos brinda la anarquitectura de Kroll a partir de reflexiones que cuestionan o ponen en duda una comprensión simplificada de la idea de participación y su concepción espacial.