bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boosting the Performance of Photomultiplication‐Type Organic Photodiodes by Embedding CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Kang Mingyun , Lee Dong Hyeon , Kim Juhee , Nam Geon‐Hee , Baek Seyeon , Heo Seongmin , Noh Yong‐Young , Chung Dae Sung
Published: December 2023

In this study, it is demonstrated that CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) can enhance the overall performances of photomultiplication‐type organic photodiodes (PM‐OPDs). The proposed approach enables the ionic‐polarizable CsPbBr3 NCs to be evenly distributed throughout the depletion region of Schottky junction interface, allowing the entire trapped electrons within the depletion region to be stabilized, in contrast to previously reported interface‐limited strategies. The optimized CsPbBr3‐NC‐embedded poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐diyl)‐based PM‐OPDs exhibit exceptionally high external quantum efficiency, specific detectivity, and gain–bandwidth product of 2,840,000%, 3.97 × 1015 Jones, and 2.14 × 107 Hz, respectively. 2D grazing‐incidence X–ray diffraction analyses and drift–diffusion simulations combined with temperature‐dependent J–V characteristic analyses are conducted to investigate the physics behind the success of CsPbBr3‐NC‐embedded PM‐OPDs. The results show that the electrostatic interactions generated by the ionic polarization of NCs effectively stabilize the trapped electrons throughout the entire volume of the photoactive layer, thereby successfully increasing the effective energy depth of the trap states and allowing efficient PM mechanisms. This study demonstrates how a hybrid‐photoactive‐layer approach can further enhance PM‐OPD when the functionality of inorganic inclusions meets the requirements of the target device.
Hydrolysis of Solid Buffer Enables High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc Ion Battery
Authors: Cheng Hao , Zhang Shichao , Guo Wenxuan , Wu Qian , Shen Zeyu , Wang Linlin , Zhong Wei , Li Di , Zhang Bing , Liu Chengwu , Wang Yewu , Lu Yingying
Published: December 2023

Aqueous zinc (Zn) ion batteries (AZIBs) have not yet fulfilled their talent of high safety and low cost since the anode/electrolyte interface (AEI) has long been impeded by hydrogen evolution, surface corrosion, dendritic growth, and by‐product accumulation. Here, the hydrolysis of solid buffers is elaborately proposed to comprehensively and enduringly handle these issues. Take 2D layered black phosphorus (BP) as a hydrolytic subject. It is reported that the phosphoric acid generated by hydrolysis in an aqueous electrolyte produces a zinc phosphate (ZPO) rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, which largely inhibits the dendrite growth, surface corrosion, and hydrogen evolution. Meanwhile, the hydrolytic phosphoric acid stabilizes the pH value near AEI, avoiding the accumulation of alkaline by‐products. Notably, compared with the disposable ZPO engineerings of anodic SEI pre‐construction and electrolyte additive, the hydrolysis strategy of BP can realize a dramatically prolonged protective effect. As a result, these multiple merits endow BP modified separator to achieve improved stripping/plating stability toward Zn anode with more than ten times lifespan enhancement in Zn||Zn symmetrical cell. More encouragingly, when coupled with a V2O5·nH2O cathode with ultra‐high loadings (34.1 and 28.7 mg cm−2), the cumulative capacities are remarkably promoted for both coin and pouch cells.
A Review on Covalent Organic Frameworks as Artificial Interface Layers for Li and Zn Metal Anodes in Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Zhao Yunyu , Feng Kaiyong , Yu Yingjian
Published: December 2023

Li and Zn metals are considered promising negative electrode materials for the next generation of rechargeable metal batteries because of their non‐toxicity and high theoretical capacity. However, the uneven deposition of metal ions (Li+, Zn2+) and the uncontrolled growth of dendrites result in poor electrochemical stability, unsatisfactory cycle life, and rapid capacity decay of batteries assembled with Li and Zn electrodes. Owing to the unique internal directional channels and abundant redox active sites of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), they can be used to promote uniform deposition of metal ions during stripping/electroplating through interface modification strategies, thereby inhibiting dendrite growth. COFs provide a new perspective in addressing the challenges faced by the anodes of Li metal batteries and Zn ion batteries. This article discusses the stability and types of COFs, and summarizes some novel COF synthesis methods. Additionally, it reviews the latest progress and optimization methods of using COFs for metal anodes to improve battery performance. Finally, the main challenges faced in these areas are discussed. This review will inspire future research on metal anodes in rechargeable batteries.
Copper‐Metallized Porous N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand Polymer‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective 1,2‐Carboboration of Alkynes
Authors: Jia Jun‐Song , Luo Jin‐Rong , Li Wen‐Hao , Cui Fei‐Hu , Pan Ying‐Ming , Tang Hai‐Tao
Published: December 2023

Alkenylboronates are highly versatile building blocks and valuable reagents in the synthesis of complex molecules. Compared with that of monosubstituted alkenylboronates, the synthesis of multisubstituted alkenylboronates is challenging. The copper‐catalyzed carboboration of alkynes is an operationally simple and straightforward method for synthesizing bis/trisubstituted alkenylboronates. In this work, a series of copper‐metallized N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) ligand porous polymer catalysts are designed and synthesized in accordance with the mechanism of carboboration. By using CuCl@POL‐NHC‐Ph as the optimal nanocatalyst, this study realizes the β‐regio‐ and stereoselective (syn‐addition) 1,2‐carboboration of alkynes (regioselectivity up to >99:1) with satisfactory yields and a wide range of substrates. This work not only overcomes the selectivity of carboboration but also provides a new strategy for the design of nanocatalysts and their application in organic synthesis.
Active Material‐Free Continuous Carbon Nanotube Fibers with Unprecedented Enhancement of Physicochemical Properties for Fiber‐Type Solid‐State Supercapacitors
Authors: Yu Hayoung , Kim Jeong‐Gil , Lee Dong‐Myeong , Lee Sungju , Han Min Gook , Park Ji‐Woon , Kim Seung Min , Kim Nam Dong , Jeong Hyeon Su
Published: December 2023

Fiber‐type solid‐state supercapacitors (FSSCs) are gaining traction as wearable energy storage devices, given their adaptability akin to traditional fibers. Carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) generated via a liquid crystalline (LC) wet‐spinning process demonstrate outstanding electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and flexibility. However, their intrinsic “defect‐free” sp2 carbon surface restricts immediate FSSC application, limited by lower specific surface area and scant pseudocapacitive sites. This study develops LC‐spun CNTFs with inherent electrochemical activity, eliminating the need for post‐processing or additional active materials, a requirement typically essential in most previous research. This advancement arises from the wet‐spinning of functionalized CNTs from a LC solution with an exceptionally high concentration of 160 mg mL−1, facilitated by the manipulation of the LC phase transition range. The resultant CNTFs exhibit a refined internal structure, yielding an electrical conductivity of 1.9 MS m−1 and a mechanical strength of 0.93 GPa. Simultaneously, they demonstrate inherent electrical energy storage capabilities with a specific capacitance of 139.4 F g−1 and a volumetric capacitance of 192.4 F cm−3 at 0.5 A g−1. This innovation signifies a step forward in the potential for mass production without the burden of additional materials and steps.
Should we consider integrated crop–livestock systems for ecosystem services, carbon sequestration, and agricultural resilience to climate change?
Authors: Franzluebbers Alan J. , Hendrickson John R.
Published: December 2023

Contemporary agricultural systems can be generalized as highly specialized operations that are fueled by mechanization; supplied with external nutrients to maximize production; crops protected by petrochemicals to fight against weed, disease, and insect pressures; and livestock protected by therapeutics to ward off virus and bacterial infections when managed in confinement. Such specialized systems have led to low levels of diversity, elevated environmental risks from contamination, loss of soil organic matter, ecological instability, and limited adaptability to climate change. More diversified farming systems are possible, but research required to characterize them in a holistic manner as an alternative to contemporary, specialized systems remains challenging to fund and sustain over time, primarily because they require more labor, management skills, and accessible markets to achieve additional ecological, environmental, and social goals. We share some perspectives as to (1) how specialized systems became the norm and (2) what changes could be made to reverse some ecological risks and environmental declines associated with specialization, acknowledging there is no panacea. Strong evidence exists for perennial forages to restore soil organic carbon (C) and nitrogen, but system‐level analyses of the net balance in greenhouse gas emissions remain to be characterized in the myriad of potential integrated crop–livestock systems that might be deployed across the diversity of edaphic, environmental, and socio‐economic conditions. We suggest there are abundant opportunities for more sustainable agricultural production to sequester soil organic C, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and develop more climate‐resilient agricultural systems that will be needed in a future dominated by climate change issues.
Soil carbon and nitrogen responses to forage cropping systems following irrigation retirement
Authors: Paye Wooiklee S. , Lauriault Leonard M. , Acharya Pramod , Ghimire Rajan
Published: December 2023

Limited annual precipitation and increasing scarcity of irrigation water are forcing farmers in arid and semi‐arid regions to convert irrigated fields into dryland farming, yet their impacts on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fractions are not fully understood. This study evaluated changes in soil C and N fractions and forage production under four cropping systems after irrigation retirement in a semi‐arid condition. Treatments included an annual winter wheat forage (Triticum aestivum L.) (AWW), a perennial wheat (PW) forage (T. aestivum L. × Thinopyrum spp.) (PW), a mixture of native grasses (NG), and a pasture crop (PC = AWW and NG mixture). Evaluation of various soil C and N fractions, forage dry matter yield, and nutritive value parameters suggested that soil inorganic N and potentially mineralizable N (PMN) were 38%–45% and 36%–44% greater in autumn 2020 and 62%–68% and 46%–55% greater in spring 2021 under AWW and PW, respectively, than NG and PC. Soil potentially mineralizable carbon (PMC) was 58%–129% and 64%–138% greater under NG and PW than AWW and PC. The responses of other soil C and N fractions varied with soil sampling dates but not with crops or crop × sampling date interaction. Total forage dry matter yield was 4016, 7849, 12,517, and 13,869 kg ha−1 for AWW, PW, PC, and NG, respectively, and PW had the best forage nutritive value. These results suggest soil C and N mineralization could be enhanced by adopting perennial systems, including NG, PW, and PC, while PW maintains good‐quality forage production.
Growing up with Marshall syndrome: A case report from infancy to age 12.5 years
Authors: Harris Susan R.
Published: December 2023

Marshall syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disorder usually diagnosed in infancy with a prevalence of <1 in 1 million. Based on the literature reviewed, this is the first case report to provide a longitudinal history of a child with Marshall syndrome (from birth to age 12.5 years). This longitudinal case report arose in part from desires of this child's parents to share the story of their early fears at her initial diagnosis and compare those to how well she has turned out.
Utility of hospital frailty risk score in predicting postoperative outcomes of sinonasal malignancies
Authors: Kandula Rema Anisha , Linquest Lauren A. , Kandregula Sandeep , Latour Mackenzie , Ahmed Omar G. , Yim Michael T.
Published: December 2023

Key points

Hospital frailty risk score (HFRS) correlates with complications, length of stay, and non‐routine discharge.

HFRS is a better predictor of postsurgical sequelae than age and Elixhauser comorbidity index.
NeuM: A Neuron‐Selective Probe Incorporates into Live Neuronal Membranes via Enhanced Clathrin‐Mediated Endocytosis in Primary Neurons
Authors: Sung Yoonsik , Gotina Lizaveta , Kim Kyu Hyeon , Lee Jung Yeol , Shin Seulgi , Aziz Hira , Kang Dong Min , Liu Xiao , Hong Na‐Kyeong , Lee Hong‐Guen , Lee Jun‐Seok , Ku Hyeyeong , Jeong Cherlhyun , Pae Ae Nim , Lim Sungsu , Chang Young‐Tae , Kim Yun Kyung
Published: December 2023

The development of a small‐molecule probe designed to selectively target neurons would enhance the exploration of intricate neuronal structures and functions. Among such probes, NeuO stands out as the pioneer and has gained significant traction in the field of research. Nevertheless, neither the mechanism behind neuron‐selectivity nor the cellular localization has been determined. Here, we introduce NeuM, a derivative of NeuO, designed to target neuronal cell membranes. Furthermore, we elucidate the mechanism behind the selective neuronal membrane trafficking that distinguishes neurons. In an aqueous buffer, NeuM autonomously assembles into micellar structures, leading to the quenching of its fluorescence (Φ=0.001). Upon exposure to neurons, NeuM micelles were selectively internalized into neuronal endosomes via clathrin‐mediated endocytosis. Through the endocytic recycling pathway, NeuM micelles integrate into neuronal membrane, dispersing fluorescent NeuM molecules in the membrane (Φ=0.61). Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that NeuM, in comparison to NeuO, possesses optimal lipophilicity and molecular length, facilitating its stable incorporation into phospholipid layers. The stable integration of NeuM within neuronal membrane allows the prolonged monitoring of neurons, as well as the visualization of intricate neuronal structures.
Phase‐Regulated Active Hydrogen Behavior on Molybdenum Disulfide for Electrochemical Nitrate‐to‐Ammonia Conversion
Authors: Wang Yuting , Xu Yue , Cheng Chuanqi , Zhang Baoshun , Zhang Bin , Yu Yifu
Published: December 2023

Electrochemical reduction of nitrate waste is promising for environmental remediation and ammonia preparation. This process includes multiple hydrogenation steps, and thus the active hydrogen behavior on the surface of the catalyst is crucial. The crystal phase referred to the atomic arrangements in crystals has a great effect on active hydrogen, but the influence of the crystal phase on nitrate reduction is still unclear. Herein, enzyme‐mimicking MoS2 in different crystal phases (1T and 2H) are used as models. The Faradaic efficiency of ammonia reaches ≈90 % over 1T‐MoS2, obviously outperforming that of 2H‐MoS2 (27.31 %). In situ Raman spectra and theoretical calculations reveal that 1T‐MoS2 produces more active hydrogen on edge S sites at a more positive potential and conducts an effortless pathway from nitrate to ammonia instead of multiple energetically demanding hydrogenation steps (such as *HNO to *HNOH) performed on 2H‐MoS2.
Anion Sensing through Redox‐Modulated Fluorescent Halogen Bonding and Hydrogen Bonding Hosts**
Authors: Taylor Andrew J. , Hein Robert , Patrick Sophie C. , Davis Jason J. , Beer Paul D.
Published: December 2023

Anion sensing via either optical or electrochemical readouts has separately received enormous attention, however, a judicious combination of the advantages of both modalities remains unexplored. Toward this goal, we herein disclose a series of novel, redox‐active, fluorescent, halogen bonding (XB) and hydrogen bonding (HB) BODIPY‐based anion sensors, wherein the introduction of a ferrocene motif induces remarkable changes in the fluorescence response. Extensive fluorescence anion titration, lifetime and electrochemical studies reveal anion binding‐induced emission modulation through intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer (PET), the magnitude of which is dependent on the nature of both the XB/HB donor and anion. Impressively, the XB sensor outperformed its HB congener in terms of anion binding strength and fluorescence switching magnitude, displaying significant fluorescence turn‐OFF upon anion binding. In contrast, redox‐inactive control receptors display a turn‐ON response, highlighting the pronounced impact of the introduction of the redox‐active ferrocene on the optical sensing performance. Additionally, the redox‐active ferrocene motif also serves as an electrochemical reporter group, enabling voltammetric anion sensing in competitive solvents. The combined advantages of both sensing modalities were further exploited in a novel, proof‐of‐principle, fluorescence spectroelectrochemical anion sensing approach, enabling simultaneous and sensitive read out of optical and electrochemical responses in multiple oxidation states and at very low receptor concentration.
Confined Lewis Pairs: Investigation of the X−→Si20 Interaction in Halogen‐Encapsulating Silafulleranes
Authors: Gasevic Thomas , Bamberg Marcel , Wicke Julius , Bolte Michael , Virovets Alexander , Lerner Hans‐Wolfram , Grimme Stefan , Hansen Andreas , Wagner Matthias , Bursch Markus
Published: December 2023

A joint theoretical and experimental study on 32 endohedral silafullerane derivatives [X@Si20Y20]− (X=F‐I; Y=F‐I, H, Me, Et) and
‐[Cl@Si20H12Y8]− (Y=F‐I) is presented. First, we evaluated the structure‐determining template effect of Cl− in a systematic series of concave silapolyquinane model systems. Second, we investigated the X−→Si20 interaction energy (
) as a function of X− and Y and found the largest
values for electron‐withdrawing exohedral substituents Y. Given that X− ions can be considered as Lewis bases and empty Si20Y20 clusters as Lewis acids, we classify our inseparable host–guest complexes [X@Si20Y20]− as “confined Lewis pairs”. Third, 35Cl NMR spectroscopy proved to be highly diagnostic for an experimental assessment of the Cl−→Si20 interaction as the paramagnetic shielding and, in turn,
(35Cl) of the endohedral Cl− ion correlate inversely with
. Finally, we disclose the synthesis of [PPN][Cl@Si20Y20] (Y=Me, Et, Br) and provide a thorough characterization of these new silafulleranes.
Catalytic Protein Inhibitors
Authors: Kodadek Thomas
Published: December 2023

Many of the highest priority targets in a wide range of disease states are difficult‐to‐drug proteins. The development of reversible small molecule inhibitors for the active sites of these proteins with sufficient affinity and residence time on‐target is an enormous challenge. This has engendered interest in strategies to increase the potency of a given protein inhibitor by routes other than further improvement in gross affinity. Amongst these, the development of catalytic protein inhibitors has garnered the most attention and investment, particularly with respect to protein degraders, which catalyze the destruction of the target protein. This article discusses the genesis of the burgeoning field of catalytic inhibitors, the current state of the art, and exciting future directions.
Cobalt‐Mediated [3+1] Fragmentation of White Phosphorus: Access to Acylcyanophosphanides
Authors: Hauer Sebastian , Horsley Downie Thomas M. , Balázs Gábor , Schwedtmann Kai , Weigand Jan J. , Wolf Robert
Published: December 2023

Despite the accessibility of numerous transition metal polyphosphido complexes through transition‐metal‐mediated activation of white phosphorus, the targeted functionalization of Pn ligands to obtain functional monophosphorus species remains challenging. In this study, we introduce a new [3+1] fragmentation procedure for cyclo‐P4 ligands, leading to the discovery of acylcyanophosphanides and ‐phosphines. Treatment of the complex [K(18c‐6)][(Ar*BIAN)Co(η4‐P4)] ([K(18c‐6)]3, 18c‐6=[18]crown‐6, Ar*=2,6‐dibenzhydryl‐4‐isopropylphenyl, BIAN=1,2‐bis(arylimino)acenaphthene diimine) with acyl chlorides results in the formation of acylated tetraphosphido complexes [(Ar*BIAN)Co(η4‐P4C(O)R)] (R=tBu, Cy, 1‐Ad, Ph; 4 a–d). Subsequent reactions of 4 a–d with cyanide salts yield acylated cyanophosphanides [RC(O)PCN]− (9 a–d−) and the cyclo‐P3 cobaltate anion [(Ar*BIAN)Co(η3‐P3)(CN)]− (8−). Further reactions of 4 a–d with trimethylsilyl cyanide (Me3SiCN) and isocyanides provide insight into a plausible mechanism of this [3+1] fragmentation reaction, as these reagents partially displace the P4C(O)R ligand from the cobalt center. Several potential intermediates of the [3+1] fragmentation were characterized. Additionally, the introduction of a second acyl substituent was achieved by treating [K(18c‐6)]9b with CyC(O)Cl, resulting in the first bis(acyl)monocyanophosphine (CyC(O))2PCN (10).
Facile Synthesis of Anhydrous Rare‐Earth Trichlorides from their Oxides in Chloridoaluminate Ionic Liquids
Authors: Shah Sameera , Pietsch Tobias , Ruck Michael
Published: December 2023

Wide applications of anhydrous rare‐earth (RE) trichlorides RECl3 in organometallic chemistry, for the synthesis of optical and magnetic materials, and as catalysts require a facile approach for their synthesis. The known methods use or produce toxic substances, are complicated and have limited reliability and upscaling. It has been shown that task‐specific ionic liquids (ILs) can dissolve many metal oxides without special reaction conditions at moderate temperature, making the metals accessible to downstream chemistry. Using imidazolium chloridoaluminate ILs, pure crystalline anhydrous RECl3 (RE=La−Nd, Sm−Dy) can be synthesized in one step from RE oxides in high yield. The Lewis acidic IL acts as solvent and reaction partner. The by‐product [Al4O2Cl10]2−, which was detected spectroscopically, remains in solution. The reacted IL can be removed quantitatively by washing. ILs with various imidazolium cations and AlCl3 content and the effect of temperature and reaction time were tested.
Poly(methyl methacrylate)/hyperbranched polysiloxane hybrid prepared by gamma‐radiation polymerization: Thermal stability, optical transparence, and UV shielding
Authors: Dong Chunlei , Mao Xuanzhi , Liang Qingru , Wang Minglei , Zhang Maojiang , Chen Jianbing , Hu Jiangtao , Wu Guozhong
Published: December 2023

It is challenging to endow poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with good dielectric properties and UV absorption capacity while simultaneously overcoming its poor heat resistance. Herein, we report for the first time a novel organic–inorganic hybrid (PMMA‐HBPSi) derived from methyl methacrylate (MMA) and hyperbranched polysiloxane (HBPSi) fabricated via γ‐radiation curing. The typical properties (thermal stability, optical characteristics, and dielectric properties) of the hybrids were systematically investigated and discussed. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of HBPSi into the PMMA resin not only increased the thermal resistance, dimensional stability, and dielectric properties but also remarkably reduced the UV transmittance. Specifically, in comparison with pure PMMA, the initial degradation temperature (Tdi) of PMMA‐HBPSi increased by 31°C, with no phase transition occurred in a temperature range of 60–230°C, thus illustrating a significant improvement in the glass‐transition temperature. Moreover, the thermal expansion coefficient decreased by 86.9% at temperatures exceeding 118°C. The UV transmittance of PMMA was also found to decrease by 80% at 295 nm after the introduction of HBPSi. These attractive features of PMMA‐HBPSi demonstrate that the new approach proposed here is suitable for developing high‐performance organic glasses for optical, aviation, and electronic applications.
Tuning physical properties of polyurethane hard segments through extender chain length variation and doping of pentaerythritol and their effect on in vitro protein adsorption
Authors: Wagh Shrish G. , Sahani Mayur H. , Soni Hemant P.
Published: December 2023

This study explores the synthesis and characterization of polyurethanes (PUs) derived from hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and 1,n‐alkane diols with varying chain lengths (n = 4, 6, and 10). Additionally, pentaerythritol (PE) is introduced as a dopant in PU6 at different weight percentages (25%, 50%, 75%, and 1:1%w/w). The research encompasses a comprehensive analysis of PU properties, including morphology, crystallinity, surface area, porosity, thermal behavior, rheological properties, and electrical conductivity. Of particular interest is the evaluation of protein adsorption capabilities employing bovine serum albumin (BSA) and fibrinogen proteins in in vitro tests. The study emphasizes the crucial role played by the chain length between isocyanate and diol groups and the nature and strength of hydrogen bonds among chains in shaping the polymer's properties, especially crystallinity and biocompatibility. Among the synthesized PUs, PU6 emerges as the top performer in terms of crystallinity and biocompatibility. Furthermore, the addition of PE is found to act as a plasticizer, reducing the glass transition temperature (Tg) from 75°C to 31°C. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy shows that doping influences charge transfer processes, rendering the material semi‐conducting, as evidenced by decreased conductance when adding silver nanoparticles to PU6. Notably, protein adsorption studies reveal that undoped PU6 displays superior protein resistance compared to its doped counterpart, with fibrinogen exhibiting a higher adsorption affinity than BSA. The study discusses a plausible mechanism underlying protein adsorption.
Synthesis and mechanism study of an environmentally friendly filtrate reducing agent from humic acid and organic silicon
Authors: Song Bingqian , Du Weichao , Dong Haiyan , Gao Shifeng , Qu Yuanzhi , Wang Ren , Zhang Zhilei , Ren Han
Published: December 2023

In this study, organic silicon was introduced to humic acid for the first time, and set the novel polymer NaHm/AMPS/AM/TSP‐L12 (HASSi) as an environmentally friendly filtrate reducing agent, which was developed by using silica modified material (TSP‐L12), sodium humic acid (NaHm), 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium (AMPS), and acrylamide (AM) as raw materials. The molecular structure, chemical composition of HASSi has been investigated and results show that HASSi shows the chemical structure was conformed to the molecular design. Differential scanning calorimetry–thermogravimetric analysis results illustrate that thermal decomposition temperature of HASSi under nitrogen was 250°C. Though temperature resistance evaluations, HASSi could withstand temperature up to 230°C. Salt and calcium resistance evaluations confirmed its resistance of NaCl could reach up to 5% and CaCl2 to 0.5%. The filtrate reduce mechanism of HASSi was investigated through various methods, including scanning electron microscope analysis of HASSi aqueous solution, microstructure of filter cake, measurements of zeta potential, and particle size distribution, results showed that HASSi participation in the formation of mud cakes and illustrated an excellent filtration reduction effect. In addition, HASSi was identified as an environmentally friendly filter loss reducing agent through environmental performance evaluation, which shows a great application prospect in oilfield.
Enhancement of the hydrophobicity and oleophobicity of a polyurethane coating using a fluorine‐free polyfarnesene‐based polyol
Authors: Shiraki Yoshihiko
Published: December 2023

The development of hydrophobic and oleophobic surfaces on materials has attracted significant attention in various research fields. Fluoropolymers, which possess low surface energy and are both highly hydrophobic and oleophobic in nature, are widely used to enhance the liquid repellency of materials. However, during fluoropolymer manufacture, fluorine‐containing compounds are released into the environment; thus, alternatives to fluoropolymers are required for maintaining environmental safety and realizing a sustainable society. Notably, the development of such alternative materials has been limited. Thus, we herein report the application of a novel polyurethane (PU) coating synthesized from bio‐based raw materials. The prepared hydrogenated polyfarnesene PU (HHPF PU), which possesses an amorphous bottlebrush‐like polyalkyl structure, was found to exhibit higher hydrophobicity and oleophobicity than polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which is a typical low‐surface‐energy material. The water and n‐hexadecane contact angles of the HHPF PU were determined to be 119° and 68°, respectively, whereas those of PTFE were 108° and 46°, respectively. In addition, the density depth profile of the PU thin film was confirmed through x‐ray reflectometry. This study provides a novel approach for enhancing the hydrophobicity and oleophobicity of materials using bottlebrush‐like polyalkyl structure instead of fluorine.
Effect of cyanide content on the tribological performance of nitrile butadiene rubber
Authors: Wei Peng , Liu Qingkun , Hou Xin , Zhou Qiong , Bai Pengpeng , Meng Yonggang , Ma Liran , Tian Yu
Published: December 2023

Nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) has received a lot of attention as a sealing material, and its tribological performance is a crucial factor in determining the efficiency with which it will operate under various operating situations. In this study, NBR specimens with varying degrees of cyanide content, namely low cyanide (DN401), medium cyanide (DN2850), medium‐high cyanide (DN3380), and high cyanide (DN4050), were selected to investigate their tribological behavior when subjected to NO.10 aviation oil. To emulate their frictional responses during startup and shutdown operations, all four types of NBR were assessed under dry conditions. As the cyanide content increased, the coefficient of friction (COF) dropped from 1.381 to 0.810 and wear rate dropped from 2.38 × 10−3 mm3/(N m) to 1.88 × 10−4 mm3/(N m). When employed in conjunction with NO.10 aviation oil, DN401 and DN3380 exhibited COFs of 0.0963 and a slightly higher value of 0.127, respectively. Following aging treatment at 80°C in NO.10 aviation oil, stress reduction reached 65.8%, indicating the poorest performance among the four variants of NBR. Considering the COF, wear rate, and aging performance, DN3380 emerges as the most favorable choice for practical applications, thereby offering valuable insights into the selection of nitrile rubber for sealing materials.
Preparation and characterization of quaternary bacterial cellulose composites for antimicrobial oil‐absorbing materials
Authors: Men Ying , Yang Ruiting , Yang Xubing , Qin Ziyu , Yin Xueqiong
Published: December 2023

The treatment of various types of oily wastewater is paramount for environmental protection. Bacterial cellulose (BC) stands out as a highly promising material for oil/water separation, owing to its exceptional mechanical properties and three‐dimensional porous structures. However, excessive hydroxyl groups on BC make it highly hydrophilic, reducing oil absorption and promoting bacterial growth, affecting its stability. To address these challenges, we developed a straightforward in situ polymerization method for the preparation of BC‐DMC composites. The innovation lies in the concurrent enhancement of BC's hydrophobicity and antimicrobial properties only through the addition of 2‐(Methacryloyloxy)ethyltrimethylammonium chloride (DMC), considerably simplifying the synthesis of materials possessing oil‐absorbing and antimicrobial properties. Morphological and structural characterization results confirmed the successful combination of DMC onto BC while maintaining its porous structure. After process parameter optimization, the BC‐DMC composites exhibited a remarkable increase in contact angle (117.7° compared with pure BC's 19.5°). It also demonstrated excellent oil absorption performance, with maximum capacities exceeding 30 g/g for different oils, maintaining values above 20 g/g even after eight cycles. In addition, the BC‐DMC composites exhibited strong antibacterial activity, with rates of 82.4% against Escherichia coli and 97.5% against Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial mechanism of the BC‐DMC composites was also discussed. Our novel BC‐DMC composites provides excellent oil absorption and antibacterial properties, making it highly applicable in the field of oily wastewater treatment and serving as a valuable reference for other researchers.
Clinical Features and Immunogenetic Risk Factors Associated With Additional Autoantibodies in Anti‐Transcriptional Intermediary Factor 1γ Juvenile‐Onset Dermatomyositis
Authors: Sherman Matthew A. , Yang Qingyuan , Gutierrez‐Alamillo Laura , Pak Katherine , Flegel Willy A. , Mammen Andrew L. , Rider Lisa G. , Casciola‐Rosen Livia A. ,   for the Childhood Myositis Heterogeneity Collaborative Study Group
Published: December 2023

Objective

Novel autoantibody specificities including anti‐CCAR1 were recently discovered in adult patients with anti‐transcriptional intermediary factor (TIF1)–positive dermatomyositis (DM) and were associated with attenuated cancer emergence. The aims of the present study were to examine whether these autoantibodies occur in patients with juvenile‐onset DM (JDM) and to determine their associated features.

Methods

Sera from 150 patients with anti‐TIF1γ autoantibody‐positive JDM in a cross‐sectional cohort and 90 juvenile healthy controls were assayed for anti‐CCAR1, anti‐C1Z1, anti‐IMMT, anti‐TBL1XR1, and anti‐Sp4 autoantibodies. Demographics, myositis autoantibodies, clinical features, medications, outcomes, and HLA‐DRB1 and HLA‐DQA1 alleles were compared between those with and without these autoantibodies.

Results

Any one of the anti‐TIF1γ‐associated autoantibodies was present in 44 patients (29%) overall, including 25 (17%) with anti‐Sp4, 22 (15%) with anti‐TBL1XR1, 14 (9%) with anti‐CCAR1, 2 (1%) with anti‐C1Z1, and 2 (1%) with anti‐IMMT autoantibodies. These anti‐TIF1γ‐associated autoantibodies frequently co‐occurred. Patients with any of the anti‐TIF1γ‐associated autoantibodies had less frequent falling (34% [15] vs. 53% [56], P = 0.032) and lower peak muscle enzymes. None of the patients had cancer. Among White patients, HLA‐DRB1*03 was protective against an anti‐TIF1γ‐associated autoantibody (odds ratio 0.20, 95% confidence interval 0.07–0.52).

Conclusion

Autoantibodies associated with anti‐TIF1γ were found in isolation and in combination among a subset of patients with JDM. Patients with these autoantibodies had less severe muscle disease and were not enriched for HLA‐DRB1*03. Additional autoantibodies among patients with positive anti‐TIF1γ with JDM likely contribute to the heterogeneity of the anti‐TIF1γ serologic subgroup.
Rapid Analysis of Trace Amounts of Amino Acid Derivatives by a Formyl Group‐Installed Crystalline Sponge
Authors: Zhou Boyu , Utjapimuk Soravit , Yan KaKing , Dubey Ritesh , Kikuchi Takashi , Mitsuhashi Takaaki , Fujita Makoto
Published: December 2023

The Industries need techniques for the rapid structure analysis of amino acid derivatives. The amino acid derivatives are sometimes produced as impurities in the industrial production processes, and cause toxicity problems. Herein, we report the crystalline sponge (CS) method analysis of variety of amino acids using a formyl group installed CS crystal. Most amino acids possess a primary amino group, which can form Schiff‐base with the formyl group under mild conditions. Thus, the formyl group installed CS crystal can efficiently capture the amino acids via Schiff‐base formation. We successfully analyzed derivatives of 18 proteogenic amino acids, 6 non‐proteogenic amino acids, and 4 dipeptides using the formyl group installed CS. We thus believe that the protocols shown in this study would serve the need of the industries.
Rejoinder to “Specifying Prior Distribution in Reliability Applications”
Authors: Tian Qinglong , Lewis‐Beck Colin , Niemi Jarad B. , Meeker William Q.
Published: December 2023

We response to comments on our paper “Specifying Prior Distributions in Reliability Applications” in this rejoinder.
Enabling Long‐term Cycling Stability of Na3V2(PO4)3/C vs. Hard Carbon Full‐cells
Authors: Stüble Pirmin , Müller Cedric , Klemens Julian , Scharfer Philip , Schabel Wilhelm , Häringer Marcel , Binder Joachim R. , Hofmann Andreas , Smith Anna
Published: December 2023

Sodium‐ion batteries are becoming an increasingly important complement to lithium‐ion batteries. However, while extensive knowledge on the preparation of Li‐ion batteries with excellent cycling behavior exists, studies on applicable long‐lasting sodium‐ion batteries are still limited. Therefore, this study focuses on the cycling stability of batteries composed of Na3V2(PO4)3/C based cathodes and hard carbon anodes. It is shown that full‐cells with a decent stability are obtained for ethylene carbonate/propylene carbonate electrolyte and the conducting salt NaPF6. With cathode loadings of 1.2 mAh/cm2, after cell formation discharge capacities up to 92.6 mAh/g are obtained, and capacity retentions >90 % over 1000 charge/discharge cycles at 0.5 C/0.5 C are observed. It is shown that both, the additive fluoroethylene carbonate and impurities in the electrolyte, negatively affect the overall discharge capacity and cycling stability and should therefore be avoided. Remarkably, the internal resistances of well‐balanced and well‐built cells did not increase over 1500 cycles and 5 months of testing, which is a very promising result regarding the possible lifespan of the cells. The initial loss of active sodium ions in hard carbon remains a major problem, which can only be partially reduced by proper balancing.
Conceptualising quality early childhood education: Learning from young children in Brazil and South Africa through creative and play‐based methods
Authors: Wright Laura H. V. , Rizzini Irene , Gwele Malibongwe , McNair Lynn , Porto Cristina Laclette , Orgill Marsha , Tisdall E. Kay M. , Bush Malcolm , Biersteker Linda
Published: December 2023

Early childhood has increasingly been acknowledged as a vital time for all children. Inclusive and quality education is part of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, with the further specification that all children have access to quality pre‐primary education. As early childhood education (ECE) has expanded worldwide, so have concerns about the quality of ECE provision, including whether its pedagogy is culturally meaningful and contextually appropriate. While these issues are much debated in themselves, often missing is a key stakeholder group for such discussions: young children. Young children have critical insights and perspectives of key importance for ensuring quality ECE. This article addresses how quality ECE can be conceptualised, through reflections on creative and play‐based methods with young children, used in a cross‐national project titled Safe Inclusive Participative Pedagogy. The article draws on community case studies undertake by two of the country teams in Brazil and South Africa. In contexts where children's participation is not necessarily familiar in ECE settings nor understood by key stakeholders, the fieldwork shows that children can express their views and experiences through using creative and play‐based methods. We argue that these methods can become part of a critical pedagogy through ECE settings, where ECE practitioners, children and other key stakeholders engage in ongoing, challenging and transformative dialogue. In turn, critical pedagogy has the potential to strengthen local practices, challenge top‐down approach, and foster quality safe, inclusive, participative early years education.
Endogenous chemicals guard health through inhibiting ferroptotic cell death
Authors: Song Yuan‐Hao , Lei Hong‐Xu , Yu Dou , Zhu Hao , Hao Meng‐Zhu , Cui Rong‐Hua , Meng Xiang‐Shuai , Sheng Xie‐Huang , Zhang Lei
Published: December 2023

Ferroptosis is a new form of regulated cell death caused by iron‐dependent accumulation of lethal polyunsaturated phospholipids peroxidation. It has received considerable attention owing to its putative involvement in a wide range of pathophysiological processes such as organ injury, cardiac ischemia/reperfusion, degenerative disease and its prevalence in plants, invertebrates, yeasts, bacteria, and archaea. To counter ferroptosis, living organisms have evolved a myriad of intrinsic efficient defense systems, such as cyst(e)ine‐glutathione‐glutathione peroxidase 4 system (cyst(e)ine‐GPX4 system), guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1/tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) system (GCH1/BH4 system), ferroptosis suppressor protein 1/coenzyme Q10 system (FSP1/CoQ10 system), and so forth. Among these, GPX4 serves as the only enzymatic protection system through the reduction of lipid hydroperoxides, while other defense systems ultimately rely on small compounds to scavenge lipid radicals and prevent ferroptotic cell death. In this article, we systematically summarize the chemical biology of lipid radical trapping process by endogenous chemicals, such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), BH4, hydropersulfides, vitamin K, vitamin E, 7‐dehydrocholesterol, with the aim of guiding the discovery of novel ferroptosis inhibitors.
Development of a multifunctional bioreactor to evaluate the promotion effects of cyclic stretching and electrical stimulation on muscle differentiation
Authors: Hu Wei‐Wen , Chen Yen‐Chi , Tsao Chia‐Wen , Chen Shen‐Liang , Tzeng Chung‐Yuh
Published: December 2023

A multifunctional bioreactor was fabricated in this study to investigate the facilitation efficiency of electrical and mechanical stimulations on myogenic differentiation. This bioreactor consisted of a highly stretchable conductive membrane prepared by depositing polypyrrole (PPy) on a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film. The tensile deformation of the PPy/PDMS membrane can be tuned by adjusting the channel depth. In addition, PPy/PDMS maintained its electrical conductivity under continuous cyclic stretching in the strain range of 6.5%–13% for 24 h. This device can be used to individually or simultaneously perform cyclic stretching and electrical stimulation. The results of single stimulation showed that either cyclic stretching or electrical stimulation upregulated myogenic gene expression and promoted myotube formation, where electrical stimulation improved better than cyclic stretching. However, only cyclic stretching can align C2C12 cells perpendicular to the stretching direction, and electrical stimulation did not affect cell morphology. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) immunostaining demonstrated that oriented cells under cyclic stretching resulted in parallel myotubes. The combination of these two stimuli exhibited synergetic effects on both myogenic gene regulation and myotube formation, and the incorporated electrical field did not affect the orientation effect of the cyclic stretching. These results suggested that these two treatments likely influenced cells through different pathways. Overall, the simultaneous application of cyclic stretching and electrical stimulation preserved both stimuli's advantages, so myo‐differentiation can be highly improved to obtain abundant parallel myotubes, suggesting that our developed multifunctional bioreactor should benefit muscle tissue engineering applications.
Systematic review of nerves at risk at the wrist in common surgical approaches to the forearm: Anatomical variations and surgical implications
Authors: Bridgwater Hannah , Mertz Tamara , Brassett Cecilia , Ashwood Neil
Published: December 2023

Three commonly used approaches to the forearm in orthopedic surgery are Henry's, Thompson's, and the ulnar approach, each of which has the potential to cause injury to nerves around the wrist. Preserving these nerves is important to prevent complications such as neuroma formation and motor and sensory changes to the hand. We conducted a review of the literature to assess the nerves at risk and whether ‘safe zones’ exist to avoid these nerves. An independent reviewer conducted searches in Embase and MEDLINE of the literature from 2010 to 2020. A total of 68 papers were identified, with 18 articles being included in the review. Multiple nerves were identified as being at risk for each of the approaches described. In the anterior approach, the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve (PCBMN) is most at risk of injury. An incision immediately radial to the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) or directly over the FCR is most likely to avoid injury to both superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN) and PCBMN. With Thompson's approach, the safest zone for an incision is directly over or slightly radial to Lister's tubercle to avoid injury to SBRN and lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm. For the ulnar approach, a safe zone was shown to be on the ulnar side of the wrist around the ulnar styloid (US) when the forearm was in supination or a neutral position to avoid injury to the dorsal branch of the ulna nerve (DBUN). Care must be taken around the US due to the density of nerves and the proximity of the last motor branch of the posterior interosseous nerve to the ulnar head. This review highlighted the proximity of nerves to the three most common surgical incisions used to access the forearm. In addition, anatomical variations may exist, and each of the nerves identified as being at risk has multiple branches. Both factors increase the potential of intraoperative damage if the anatomy is not properly understood. The surgeon must adhere carefully to the established approaches to the wrist and distal forearm to minimize damage to nerves and optimize surgical outcomes for the patient.
Adjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy in patients with cholangiocarcinoma after radical resection
Authors: Li Xiao‐hui , Zhou En‐liang , Zhao Chong‐yu , Cui Bo‐kang , Dong Xiao‐yuan , Du Hang , Lin Xiao‐jun
Published: December 2023

Background

The malignancy of cholangiocarcinoma is highly pronounced, and it exhibits a propensity for recurrence and metastasis even in the presence of standard chemotherapy. The efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy in patients with resected cholangiocarcinoma needs to be substantiated.

Methods

Data from 101 patients with cholangiocarcinoma treated at the Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center between 2015 and 2020 were studied.

Results

After propensity score matching, there were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between patients in the combined adjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy group (AC + IM group) and the adjuvant chemotherapy alone group (AC group) (all p > 0.05). The AC + IM group demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in relapse‐free survival (RFS) compared to the AC group (p = 0.032). Likewise, the AC + IM group exhibited a significantly superior overall survival (OS) outcome when compared to the AC group (p = 0.044). Multivariate Cox analysis unveiled perineural invasion (p = 0.041), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.006), and postoperative immunotherapy (p = 0.008) as independent prognostic factors exerting a significant impact on the OS of patients. In the cohort of patients with perineural invasion, the AC + IM group exhibited significantly improved OS compared to the AC group (p = 0.0077). Similarly, within the subset of patients with lymph node metastasis, the AC + IM group exhibited a significantly superior OS outcome when compared to the AC group (p = 0.023).

Conclusion

Combining postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with immunotherapy extends the RFS and OS of patients with cholangiocarcinoma following radical resection.