bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovando en insumos públicos de comunicación persuasiva: periodística y política
Authors: Monedero Morales Carmen del Rocío , Mariscal Vega Sara , Sandulescu Budea Alexandra María
Published: December 2024

El monográfico Innovando en insumos públicos de comunicación persuasiva: periodística y política analiza el papel de los medios de comunicación en la formación de la opinión pública y la construcción de discursos persuasivos en contextos políticos y sociales. En un mundo digitalizado, las innovaciones en la comunicación pública han transformado tanto las prácticas periodísticas como las políticas, impulsadas por la digitalización, la globalización y los nuevos métodos de acceso a la información. Este estudio se enfoca en cómo los discursos de organismos internacionales sobre digitalización educativa impactan políticas y prácticas locales, particularmente en América Latina. También se exploran las nuevas formas de persuasión política facilitadas por las tecnologías, como el uso de medios digitales para moldear la opinión pública. El monográfico reflexiona sobre el papel de los encuadres periodísticos y la ética en la cobertura de temas clave como la política, el medio ambiente y la migración.
SPATIAL ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF GENDER DIFFERENCES IN STOCK MARKET PARTICIPATION: EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY
Authors: Saldanlı Arif , Uzun Sumeyra
Published: December 2024

This study employs spatial econometric analysis to investigate gender differences in stock market participation across Turkey, using data from 2011 to 2022. Leveraging province-based and gender-disaggregated data from the Central Registry Agency, we explore whether significant gender-based disparities exist among equity security investors in Turkish securities markets and whether these differences exhibit spatial correlations across 81 provinces. Initial findings suggest that while overall participation in financial markets has risen, substantial gender gaps persist, potentially influenced by socioeconomic, cultural, and educational factors. The research contributes to the broader understanding of gender inequality in financial inclusion and proposes implications for policy interventions to reduce gender disparities in economic participation.
2023 KAHRAMANMARAŞ DEPREMİ SONRASI DASK SİGORTA POLİÇE SAYISI DEĞİŞİMİ VE SİGORTALILIK PENETRASYONU ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: Özcan Hakan , Aydoğan Semih
Published: December 2024

2023 mart ayında yaşanan ve asrın felaketi olarak adlandırılan “Kahramanmaraş Depreminde” 60 binden fazla kişi hayatını kaybetmiş, 100 milyar USD üzerinde bir maddi kayıp meydana gelmiştir. Bu depremden yaklaşık 25 yıl önce olan Kocaeli depreminde ise yine 40 binden fazla kişi hayatını kaybetmiştir. Toplumun sigortalılık oranı ile sigorta bilinirliği arasında doğru bir orantı bulunmaktadır. Bu bilinirlik artışında yaşanmış olayların büyük bir etkisinin olduğu bilinmektedir. Ülkede yaşanan doğal afetler sigorta ihtiyacını ön plana çıkarmakta ve sigortalılık penetrasyonunda bir artışa neden olabilmektedir. 2020 yaşanan COVID -19’un sağlık poliçelerine olan ilgiyi artırmasını buna bir örnek olarak gösterebiliriz. Çalışmada bu afetten etkilenmeyen ve deprem bölgesi dışarısında kalan 10 büyükşehir belediyesinin olduğu illerdeki DASK poliçe penetrasyonunda; deprem sonrasında deprem öncesine göre yaşanan değişimin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma ile depremden etkilenmeyen 10 büyükşehir belediyesinin olduğu illerdeki DASK poliçe penetrasyonunda anlamlı bir farklılık olup olmadığının incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Kullanılacak analiz yöntemine karar vermek için normallik testi uygulanmış ve gözlem sayısı 30’dan daha az olduğu için Kolmogorov Smirnov testi sonuçlarına yer verilmiş ve verilerin normal dağılım özelliği gösterdiği için bağımsız t testi kullanılmıştır. Depremden etkilenmeyen 10 büyükşehirde DASK poliçe penetrasyonunda ve poliçe sayısında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur.
BAĞIMSIZ DENETÇİLERİN HİLE EĞİLİMİ ALGISI VE ETİK DEĞERLERİNİN HİLE BEŞGENİ BAĞLAMINDA TEST EDİLMESİ
Authors: Kurt Yusuf , Dedeoğlu Murat
Published: December 2024

Araştırmada bağımsız denetçilerin hile eğilimi algısı üzerinde baskı, fırsat, haklı gösterme, beceri ve kibir boyutlarını oluşturan hile beşgeninin etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren bağımsız denetçilerden kartopu örneklemi yöntemi ve online anket yoluyla veriler toplanmıştır. Çalışma toplam üç değişken üzerinden gerçekleşmiştir. Araştırmada bağımsız denetçilerin hile eğilim algısı bağımlı değişken iken hile beşgeni olarak bilinen baskı, fırsat, haklı gösterme, beceri ve kibir boyutları bağımsız değişkenleri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada kullanılan etik değerler ise çalışmanın düzenleyici değişkenidir. Araştırmadan toplanılan veriler çoklu regresyon analizi ile test edilmiştir. Araştırma iki model üzerinden kurgulanmıştır. Birinci modelde bağımsız denetçilerin hile eğilimi algıları üzerinde baskı, fırsat, haklı gösterme, beceri ve kibir bileşenlerinin etkisi analiz edilmiştir. İkinci modelde ise bağımsız denetçilerin hile eğilimi algıları üzerinde hile beşgeni boyutları etik değerlerle etkileşimli olarak ele alınmıştır. Birinci modelden elde edilen sonuçlara göre bağımsız denetçilerin hile eğilimi algıları üzerinde baskı ve fırsat boyutlarının bir etkisi olmadığı; haklı gösterme, beceri ve kibir boyutlarının ise anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İkinci modelden elde edilen sonuçlara göre düzenleyici değişkenin hile beşgeni boyutlarının tamamında anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
MACHINE LEARNING FOR CROSS-SECTIONAL RETURN PREDICTABILITY: EVIDENCE FROM GLOBAL STOCK MARKETS
Authors: Kurucan Ahmet Salih , Hepşen Ali
Published: December 2024

This work examines cross-sectional stock returns with machine learning models using global stock market data. By calculating 63 firm level characteristics, we find that our model outperforms linear models in terms of both economic and statistical performance. Shallow models, such as gradient boosted decision trees, provides more consistent and reliable performance compared to deeper ones in the context of asset pricing, likely due to a low signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity to parameters. The results revealed that machine learning models can be developed into effective portfolios, complexity is welcomed when it enhances performance such as Sharpe ratios. Taken together, these results demonstrate the relative importance of machine learning for a modern financial system, and specifically, the ability to synthesize information from various characteristics that impact stock returns. This study challenges traditional notions of a preference for parsimony and, based on certain degrees of complexity, demonstrates strategic economic gains.
La Conflictividad social en la región ICA. Documento de reflexión
Authors: Vélez Fernández Marco Antonio
Published: December 2024

El departamento de Ica ha tenido en los últimos años conflictos sociales que han generado pérdidas económicas, detenciones, daños a la propiedad privada y pocas soluciones a las demandas de la población. Esta situación se acentuó durante la pandemia y los gobiernos de Martín Vizcarra, Francisco Sagasti y Pedro Castillo. Las causas principales de estos conflictos tienen que ver con la gestión de los recursos hídricos y las mejoras laborales planteadas a las empresas agroexportadoras. A esto se sumaría una falta de comprensión de los hechos, y notorias debilidades en la gestión de los conflictos, en especial en el manejo de las crisis por parte de las autoridades regionales y centrales.
El presente informe busca identificar las causas y comprender las dinámicas sociales que han desencadenado acciones colectivas de protesta y conflictos sociales en el departamento de Ica. Para ello será necesario precisar también las problemáticas que aquejan a la región, y las capacidades políticas y administrativas del Estado para responder a ellas. En esto tienen, igualmente, responsabilidad los actores sociales y empresariales, de lo que se dejará constancia.
Trayectorias socioecológicas de los sistemas cafetaleros en Tepatlaxco, Veracruz, México
Authors: Guerrero Carrera Jesús , Hernández Flores José Álvaro
Published: December 2024

La caficultura es una actividad fundamental para la economía y sustento de millones de familias en Latinoamérica. Sin embargo, enfrenta múltiples perturbaciones como el cambio climático, incremento de plagas y volatilidad de precios. Ante este panorama, se requiere investigar cómo operan los procesos de adaptación y transformación en contextos locales. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la percepción de los productores en torno al impacto de las perturbaciones, así como las trayectorias de adaptación y transformación de los sistemas socioecológicos cafetaleros en el municipio de Tepatlaxco, Veracruz. Con base en 29 encuestas a productores y cuatro entrevistas a informantes clave, se determinaron las principales perturbaciones y trayectorias de las unidades de producción. Se encontró que la capacidad adaptativa de los productores de la zona baja se sustenta en la diversificación y la adopción de prácticas que incorporan valor agregado, mientras que en la zona alta depende, principalmente, del acceso a programas sociales. Los procesos de transformación se atribuyen al abandono de la agricultura o a los cambios de cultivo. Se concluye que las políticas públicas deben focalizarse en función de las dinámicas regionales, facilitando innovación en la zona baja y mejorando condiciones para la comercialización en la zona alta.
The Transpacific relations between Mexico and Russia. In the context of formation of Euroasiatic security scheme
Authors: Estevez Daniel M. A
Published: December 2024

The conflict in Ukraine makes us believe that Russian force projection is concentrated in Europe, but what we observe is the Russian attempt to build a Eurasian security scheme that allows it to have influence in Europe and the Pacific Ocean. In this context, Mexico plays a key role for an international geopolitical rearrangement due to its strategic position on the American continent. Mexico and Russia established their first contacts across the Pacific Ocean and this region is a geographical alternative for both countries to reconfigure their economic and political relations.
Political renewal amidst economic crisis. The Soviet diplomats and academics’ view of Mexico in the 1970s
Authors: Manukhin A. A
Published: December 2024

The article examines the perception of political transformation in Mexico in the 1970s. by the officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the academic community of the USSR. Soviet analysts sought to understand the state of the dominant Institutional Revolutionary Party and its motives for carrying out electoral reforms. The work shows that an important object of research was tracking the possible strengthening of opposition from the right to the national reformist course of the PRI. The emergence of new parties and their tendency to unite was initially viewed with skepticism, as it was seen as leading to a “dispersion of progressive forces” and an even greater weakening of the Mexican Communist Party. However, the PCM’s ability to benefit from the government course, revise its own attitudes, and get closer to other left-wing parties and public organizations gradually changed Moscow’s position. At the same time, Soviet observers tended to somewhat downplay the political changes in Mexico that had been achieved by the early 1980s.
Mexican week in Saint Petersburg
Authors: Ivashina E. B
Published: December 2024

From March 19 to 22, 2024, Mexican Week was held in St. Petersburg, dedicated to the opening of the representative office of the Honorary Consulate of Mexico in the Northern capital and the 100th anniversary of the restoration of diplomatic relations between Mexico and Russia. This project was aimed at introducing Mexican culture and expanding the partnership of the United Mexican States with Russian cities. The events were held at several venues in St. Petersburg, organized by students and teachers of universities in the Northern Capital, as well as diplomatic representatives.
One More Time on the Origin of Russian Supir, Superik ‘Ring’
Authors: Berezovich Elena L. , Kuchko Valeria S.
Published: December 2024

The article focuses on the origin and functioning of the word supir, which means ‘a ring with a stone or glass insert’, and its variants (supirchik, superik, etc.) These problems were already discussed in detail by I. G. Dobrodomov on the pages of “Voprosy jazykoznanija” in 2009. The cases of its use (mainly in fiction) were presented there and the conclusions were drawn about the borrowed nature of these words. The author argued that they originated from the French soupir ‘sigh’ which actualized the idea of a ring as a memorable gift. We believe that this version lacks semantic and sociolinguistic foundations. We add extensive dialect materials with a wide geography of fixations to the already available data on the use of these words and propose a version about their native origin within the word family pir- / per- / por- (derivatives of Proto-Slavic *perti, *pyrǫ), to which, for instance, belongs the word zaperet’ (‘to lock’) in modern Russian. Thus, the internal form of these words reflects that the stone ‘is locked’ in the ring, that is, the word focuses on the fixation of the stone in the ring, which is an essential characteristic of this piece of jewelry.
“The Charter of Military, Cannon and Other Matters Relating to Military Science” of 1777–1781 as a Source on the History of Russian Lexicon of the 17th Century
Authors: Rudnev Dmitry V. , Sharikhina Milyausha G.
Published: December 2024

The article offers a critical analysis of some lexical facts in “The Charter of military, cannon and other matters relating to military science” — a monument of the first quarter of the 17th century, which was published in 1777–1781 by V. G. Ruban. The charter was based on a lost copy and was a selective translation of the second volume of L. Fronsperger’s military treatise “Kriegsbuch”. Linguists usually study the vocabulary of the “Charter” based on the printed edition of the 18th century, without taking into account the surviving copies of the monument and its German original. A comparison of the printed “Charter” with its existing copies made it possible to identify discrepancies, including at the lexical level, which could have arisen both during the compilation of the lists and the publication. Such errors led to the appearance of pseudo-hapaxes (such as gasar, koshoda, perinkavus) and hapaxes (variant opelyment), as well as unreliable lexical facts, apparently appearing in the “Charter” as a result of an incorrect reading of the handwritten text (such as aksis, ambrazura, variant iglorit). Consequently, the text of the printed edition of the “Charter” must be used in linguistic research in conjunction with the material of the existing lists of the monument, as well as the German original.
ФІНАНСОВІ МЕХАНІЗМИ ПІДТРИМКИ ІННОВАЦІЙНО-ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ АГРОПРОМИСЛОВИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ
Authors: РОМАНЮК Олександр
Published: December 2024

Статтю присвячено дослідженню ключових аспектів побудови фінансових механізмів підтримки інноваційно-інвестиційного розвитку агропромислових підприємств. Метою дослідження є аналіз, систематизація, узагальнення та удосконалення наявного теоретико-методичного забезпечення щодо формування фінансового механізму підтримки інноваційно-інвестиційного розвитку агропромислових підприємств.Розглянуто ключові теоретичні аспекти формування фінансового механізму інноваційно-інвестиційного розвитку агропромислових підприємств як стратегічної складової економіки України. В дослідженні обґрунтовано необхідність формування комплексного фінансового механізму, що включає використання таких інструментів, як венчурне фінансування, аграрні розписки, державні гранти та програми пільгового кредитування, з метою забезпечення сталого розвитку підприємств. В статті розглянуто інноваційно-інвестиційний розвиток агропромислових підприємств як важливу складову підвищення їх конкурентоспроможності, забезпечення продовольчої безпеки та екологічної сталості. Виявлено ключові проблеми, що обмежують інноваційно-інвестиційний розвиток агропромислового сектору, зокрема низький рівень інвестиційної активності, обмежений доступ до сучасних технологій та недостатню державну підтримку інновацій. Запропоновано фінансовий механізм підтримки інноваційно-інвестиційного розвитку агропромислових підприємств, який відмінною рисою якого є комплексність, що об'єднує різноманітні джерела фінансування, інструменти управління ризиками та механізми адаптації до змін зовнішнього середовища. Інтеграція державної, приватної та міжнародної підтримки створює синергетичний ефект, що підвищує ефективність залучення ресурсів для інноваційної діяльності. Завдяки гнучкості та адаптивності запропонований механізм сприяє стабільності підприємств в умовах мінливого економічного середовища, одночасно стимулюючи модернізацію агропромислового комплексу. Визначено, що створення сприятливих умов для інноваційно-інвестиційної діяльності потребує інтегрованого підходу, зокрема розвитку державно-приватного партнерства, вдосконалення державних програм підтримки та розширення доступу до міжнародних фінансових ресурсів.
МАРКЕТИНГОВИЙ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ІТ-ГАЛУЗІ В КОНТЕКСТІ ВЕДЕННЯ МІЖНАРОДНОГО БІЗНЕСУ
Authors: ПОЧТОВЮК Андрій , БІЛИК Марина , ШИШЛОВА Юлія
Published: December 2024

Стаття присвячена аналізу маркетингового менеджменту в міжнародному ІТ-бізнесі, акцентуючи на його комплексному характері як системи принципів і цінностей, що охоплюють всі аспекти діяльності компанії. У процесі дослідження виявлено, що ринкова орієнтація є основою для ефективного управління взаємовідносинами з клієнтами та партнерами, що безпосередньо впливає на фінансові результати та конкурентоспроможність підприємства. Окрему увагу приділено важливості таких інструментів, як SWOT-аналіз, сегментація ринку та створення унікальної ціннісної пропозиції для успішної адаптації маркетингових стратегій до умов міжнародного ринку.
Крім того, розглядається використання новітніх технологій, таких як штучний інтелект та Big Data, які сприяють оптимізації маркетингових процесів і підвищенню ефективності кампаній. Оцінка ключових показників ефективності, таких як LTV, CAC, CRR і CSAT, дозволяє оперативно оцінювати результативність маркетингових кампаній і коригувати стратегію відповідно до змін на ринку. Важливим аспектом є також дотримання регуляторних вимог, таких як GDPR, і врахування культурних відмінностей при розробці стратегій, що дозволяє адаптувати маркетингові підходи до специфіки різних ринків.
Зокрема, застосування крос-культурного менеджменту дозволяє зберігати ефективну комунікацію з міжнародними партнерами та клієнтами, що сприяє довготривалому партнерству і стабільному зростанню компанії. Дослідження показало, що для ефективного маркетингового менеджменту в міжнародному ІТ-бізнесі необхідний комплексний підхід, що поєднує ринковий аналіз, новітні технології, дотримання регуляторних вимог і врахування культурних особливостей, адже це дозволяє компаніям досягати високих результатів і забезпечувати стабільне зростання на глобальних ринках.
ПРОБЛЕМИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНИХ КОМУНІКАЦІЙ В УПРАВЛІННІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВОМ ПІД ЧАС ВІЙНИ
Authors: БЄЛЯЄВА Наталія , МИКОЛАЙЧУК Ірина , ГОРБАЧ Олег
Published: December 2024

В умовах швидких змін на ринку, глобалізації економіки, воєнного стану, однією з ключових умов успішного функціонування підприємства є ефективна система внутрішніх та зовнішніх комунікацій. Від якості комунікацій залежить не тільки ефективність управлінських процесів, а й здатність організації адаптуватися до нових умов. У статті розглянуто важливість формування ефективних комунікацій в управлінні підприємством на прикладі ПП «Савітал» під час війни, що дозволяє розкрити особливості функціонування комунікаційних каналів в українських підприємствах. Охарактеризовано теоретичні аспекти управління комунікаціями, а також практичні підходи до їх реалізації у компанії. Досліджено вплив комунікацій на ефективність підприємства, розглянуто ключові проблеми та перешкоди в процесі комунікаційної взаємодії. Запропоновано низку рекомендацій для покращення комунікаційної стратегії на підприємствах малого та середнього бізнесу, що можуть бути застосовані для досягнення конкурентних переваг на ринку.
ANALISIS UNJUK KERJA AIR CONDITIONING (AC) SPLIT 2 PAARDE KRACHT (PK) MENGGUNAKAN REFRIGERANT 22 DENGAN MUSICOOL 22 TERHADAP KONSUMSI LISTRIK
Authors: Subir  , Lucianus Handri Gunanto  , Bustani  , Susilo Rizky Aprylianto , Agustono
Published: December 2024

The total use of electrical energy in a building or structure, one of them is the use of an air conditioning (AC) system. There are still many uses of air conditioning (AC) systems based on halocarbon refrigerants (R-22) in a building or structure. Refrigerant 22 is a type of halocarbon refrigerant that is widely used in Split ACs. The author conducted research on an LG 2 PK AC by replacing the refrigerant which was still based on Refrigerant 22 with the hydrocarbon refrigerant Musicool 22, then the data results were analyzed to determine the performance of the AC. From the results of the refrigerant retrofitting carried out on March 1, 2022, it was 1,715 Watts. After replacing the refrigerant type from refrigerant 22 to Musicool 22 refrigerant, the electric current dropped to 1,305 Watts in April 2022, 1,352 Watts in May 2022 and 1,346 Watts in June. so that the electrical power efficiency was obtained by 369 Watts and the percentage of electrical power savings was 21.51% compared to March 2022. An alternative to replace halocarbon-based refrigerants in the Split air conditioning (AC) system is hydrocarbon refrigerants, this is a solution in terms of using more environmentally friendly refrigerants and a small global warming effect.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WATER-BASED INHIBITORS CONTAINING CDEA AND TEA AGAINST API 5L GRADE B
Authors: Prabowo Imam , Ichsanudin Muhammad , Fuadi Muhammad , Mussoddaq Mochamad , Paundra Fajar
Published: December 2024

Corrosion of API 5L Grade B steel is a common challenge in industries where the material is exposed to corrosive environments, such as saline solutions. To combat this issue, corrosion inhibitors are often used to protect the steel. This study explores the effectiveness of two inhibitors—Triethanolamine (TEA) and Cocamide DEA (CDEA)—in reducing corrosion on API 5L Grade B steel. By calculating the corrosion rate and inhibitor efficiency, we evaluated the protective properties of each substance. The results showed that TEA provided better corrosion protection, with a corrosion rate of 0.00045 mpy, compared to CDEA’s rate of 0.0009 mpy. Additionally, TEA demonstrated a higher inhibitor efficiency of 70.97%, while CDEA showed only 41.94%. These findings suggest that TEA is a more effective choice for preventing corrosion in API 5L Grade B steel, offering a viable solution to enhance the material’s durability in harsh environments.
L&D On-ramps and Off-ramps for the Mobility Workforce: A Blueprint for Knowledge Ecosystem Formation in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors:   CSU Long Beach, Reeb Tyler , Taylor Barbara , Reuter James
Published: December 2024

After a yearlong consensus study, this report presents a blueprint with implementation tools and strategies for CSULB and other CSU campuses to adopt a knowledge ecosystem model in higher education. By conducting talent pipeline pilots for internship preparation activities and related survey and focus group research, the research team found near universal support for pursuing university-industry partnerships. Faculty identified extracurricular activities, experiential learning opportunities, and guidance on further education as their top three priorities when mentoring students in professional development. There was, however, a paradoxical perception among faculty about what universities provide in terms of knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) and what the industry values in new employees. This paradox begs the solution of having university faculty and administrators collaborate with industry professionals in the planning and delivery of professional development activities for students. The California State University system has ready homes for such “third space” activities in their colleges of professional and continuing education (PaCE units) and in their centers and institutes.
Decision Support in Law: From Formalizing Rules to Reasoning with Justification
Authors: Bouche-Pillon Jeremy , Aussenac-Gilles Nathalie , Chevalier Yannick , Zarate Pascale
Published: December 2024

With the emergence of the digital transition, the need to control the processing of digital information has significantly increased. In the EU in particular, Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) are caused to exchange information. In recent years, many regulations have emerged to control data processing and exchange. Texts other than the GDPR, such as the “Law Enforcement Directive (LED)”, appeared to regulate specifically their data processing. And although many new formalisms have emerged to represent legal norms and rules, few are provided with a reasoning mechanism. The explainability of the results of systems using these formalisms also remains a major issue when dealing with critical decision situations. This paper aims to propose a framework to operate formal rules from regulations and guide a user in its decision process in a situation of data processing by LEAs by focusing on both the operability of the rules through reasoning and the explainability of the results from the reasoning.
When Precedents Clash
Authors: Di Florio Cecilia , Dong Huimin , Rotolo Antonino
Published: December 2024

Consistency of case bases is a way to avoid the problem of retrieving conflicting constraining precedents for new cases to be decided. However, in legal practice the consistency requirements for cases bases may not be satisfied. As pointedout in [6], a model of precedential constraint should take into account the hierarchical structure of the specific legal system under consideration and the temporaldimension of cases. This article continues the research initiated in [18,9], whichestablished a connection between Boolean classifiers and legal case-based reasoning. On this basis, we enrich the classifier models with an organisational structurethat takes into account both the hierarchy of courts and which courts issue decisions that are binding/constraining on subsequent cases. We focus on common lawsystems. We also introduce a temporal relation between cases. Within this enrichedframework, we can formalise the notions of overruled cases and cases decided perincuriam: such cases are not to be considered binding on later cases. Finally, weshow under which condition principles based on the hierarchical structure and onthe temporal dimension can provide an unambiguous decision-making process fornew cases in the presence of conflicting binding precedents.
Using LLMs to Discover Legal Factors
Authors: Gray Morgan , Savelka Jaromir , Oliver Wesley , Ashley Kevin
Published: December 2024

Factors are a foundational component of legal analysis and computational models of legal reasoning. These factor-based representations enable lawyers, judges, and AI and Law researchers to reason about legal cases. In this paper, we introduce a methodology that leverages large language models (LLMs) to discover lists of factors that effectively represent a legal domain. Our method takes as input raw court opinions and produces a set of factors and associated definitions. We demonstrate that a semi-automated approach, incorporating minimal human involvement, produces factor representations that can predict case outcomes with moderate success, if not yet as well as expert-defined factors can.
Draft Better Contracts
Authors: Laneve Cosimo , Parenti Alessandro , Sartor Giovanni
Published: December 2024

Computable legal contracts offer a formal structure and semantics that can help identify incompatibilities among clauses, such as clauses that will never be used or clauses whose simultaneous application is impossible. In this paper we study a methodology for spotting incompatibilities in contracts written in Stipula, a domain-specific language for legal contracts. Drawing on real case laws, we identify recurring incompatible code patterns and propose techniques for integrating their analysis in the Stipula toolchain.
Citation Anchor Text for Improving Precedent Retrieval: An Experimental Study on Indian Legal Documents
Authors: Patil Gaurang , Sisodiya Bhoomeendra Singh , Reddy P. Krishna , Santhy K.V.K.
Published: December 2024

In the legal domain, research efforts are being made to enhance precedent retrieval by exploiting features based on meta-data, catchphrases, citations, sentences, paragraphs, etc. It is reported in the legal domain that the text surrounding a citation provides information to identify the referenced judgment and supplies additional information about the referenced judgment and its connection to the formulated argument. In this paper, we have exploited the resourcefulness of the text surrounding the citation to improve the document representation of the referenced judgment. Experiments conducted on Indian court judgments show that the proposed Preceding citation Anchor Text (PAT)-based approach captures certain nuances that are not captured by the text present in the referenced judgment, indicating that there is a scope to exploit PAT to improve the performance of precedent retrieval systems.
A Case-Based-Reasoning Analysis of the COMPAS Dataset
Authors: van Woerkom Wijnand , Grossi Davide , Prakken Henry , Verheij Bart
Published: December 2024

In this paper we build on a formal model of reasoning with dimensions to analyze data from the COMPAS program—a widely used and studied tool for predicting recidivism. We extend the underlying theory of the model by introducing a notion of consistency and apply it to assess whether COMPAS follows this principle in its risk assessments and supervision level recommendations. Our analysis yields three key findings. First, the program’s risk score assignments appear highly inconsistent, but we argue this is due to important input features missing from the dataset. Second, the program’s recommended supervision levels do exhibit a high degree of consistency. Third, we uncover errors in the dataset related to the conversion of raw scores to decile scores. These findings cast doubts on previous studies conducted on the COMPAS dataset, and demonstrate the need for evaluation studies like ours.
Values and Factor Ascription Arguments
Authors: Zurek Tomasz , Wyner Adam , Bench-Capon Trevor
Published: December 2024

Argumentation is often an attempt to resolve disagreement, but it is not always possible to reach a resolution. This is illustrated in law where multi-judge trials often end with a split decision. Not only do the judges disagree as to outcome (dissenting opinions), but also as to the reasons for a given outcome (concurring opinions). These disagreements can be explained in terms of different values held by the judges concerned. But while the role of values in determining which arguments are accepted has been widely explored, values can also determine which arguments can be constructed. The paper provides an analysis of this phenomenon.
Legal Chunking: Evaluating Methods for Effective Legal Text Retrieval
Authors: Ferraris Andrea Filippo , Audrito Davide , Siragusa Giovanni , Piovano Alessandro
Published: December 2024

Legal document retrieval is heavily influenced by how documents are segmented, or “chunked,” for processing within Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems. This paper investigates the effectiveness of three automated chunking techniques — Simple Text Splitting, Recursive Text Splitting using regular expressions (regex), and Semantic Chunking — within the legal domain, using the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) as a testbed. The chunking methods were evaluated based on their semantic relevance to a set of seventeen legal questions and their corresponding relevant sections, with performance measured using cosine similarity metrics. Results show that none of the methods consistently produced high semantic relevance on an individual chunk level: Git Hub link.
On Conflicts and Satisfiability in Metric Timed Normative Logics
Authors: Kharraz Karam , Schneider Gerardo , Leucker Martin
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we study the concept of conflict in the setting of timed normative logical specification languages. To this end, we introduce the Flat Monadic Metric Time Normative Logic suitable for specifying the behavior of basic timed normative systems using sets of intervals. We provide a characterization of normative conflicts by the satisfiability of the formula and its sub-formulas. Moreover, an SMT-based satisfiability procedure for FMMTNL is provided.
Similar Phrases for Cause of Actions of Civil Cases
Authors: Huang Ho-Chien , Liu Chao-Lin
Published: December 2024

In the Taiwanese judicial system, inconsistent Cause of Action (COA) titles complicate case classification. This paper presents a method to detect similar COAs using the Dice coefficient for cited legal acts and DBSCAN for clustering. We analyzed civil judgments with over 200 cases from district courts and improved classification accuracy by merging similar COAs. Our approach enhances case retrieval efficiency and can be adapted across different legal domains.
AI in Healthcare: Navigating Legal Risk Assessment with JusticeBot
Authors: Meeùs Sébastien , Dalla Giovanna Valentina , Janatian Samyar , Westermann Hannes , Benyekhlef Karim , Lewkowicz Grégory
Published: December 2024

The increasing prevalence of technology in healthcare is leading to a corresponding rise in the complexity of the challenges facing hospitals. One such challenge is the difficulty of ensuring legal compliance for projects based on artificial intelligence and data processing. JusticeBot Laso is a tool designed to provide a comprehensive mapping of legal risks and a rating system to assist decision-makers in selecting AI projects. Our evaluation shows the tool improves risk identification accuracy from 20% to over 85%, and enhances risk scoring accuracy from 48% to 92%, compared to manual assessments.
Towards Hybrid Evaluation Methodologies for Large Language Models in the Legal Domain
Authors: Sanchi Marco , Novotná Tereza
Published: December 2024

This paper analyses automated and human-driven evaluation approaches for Large Language Models (LLMs) performance in the legal domain, stressing the need to combine both into hybrid evaluation frameworks. This conclusion is reinforced by a qualitative case study that uncovers assessment factors considered by lawyers when using LLMs. The diverse nature of these factors, requiring distinct evaluation approaches, underscores the need for adopting a hybrid methodology.
LeReRAG: Measuring Legal Relevance in Retrieval Augmented Generation Applications
Authors: Wiggers Gineke , Hartz Christian
Published: December 2024

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is starting to be used in professional settings like the legal domain. In classic information retrieval (IR) systems, the effectiveness of the system is often evaluated using measures that rely on relevance judgements. Van Opijnen and Santos [1] have created a framework of relevance for information retrieval systems for legal professionals, to ground these evaluation methods. This paper takes their framework of relevance, and extends it for use with RAG applications. The aim of this framework is to make visible how legal RAG differs from other RAG applications, and how that might impact evaluation.
Modeling incident management processes in information security at an enterprise
Authors: Mityakov E. S. , Maksimova E. A. , Artemova S. V. , Bakaev A. A. , Vegera Zh. G.
Published: December 2024

Objectives. The primary aim of the study is to develop a model for managing information security incidents within an enterprise that minimizes damage and costs associated with incident resolution under limited resources and time constraints.

Methods. The paper analyzes existing approaches to managing information security incidents, including mathematical and simulation models, stochastic differential equations, Markov chains, and other methods. The study is based on a systems approach, incorporating analysis of incident parameters, actions for their resolution, response times, damages due to incident occurrence, and the probability of incident elimination. To validate the developed model, synthetic data reflecting various types of incidents and possible actions were used.

Results. The proposed model optimizes incident management by minimizing damage and costs. It considers parameters such as incident criticality, available resources, response time, and the likelihood of successful incident resolution. Testing of the model on synthetic data showed that the proposed approach significantly improves the selection of optimal actions for responding to incidents in situations constrained by budget and time limitations, thereby enhancing the overall effectiveness of incident management.

Conclusions. Implementing the proposed model in enterprises will improve the overall level of information security, enhance incident response efficiency, and strengthen information protection processes. This will ensure the minimization of risks associated with data leaks and other incidents, thus helping enterprises to make informed and timely decisions under conditions of limited resources and time.
AERO: Softmax-Only LLMs for Efficient Private Inference
Authors: Jha Nandan Kumar , Reagen Brandon
Published: December 2024

The pervasiveness of proprietary language models has raised privacy concerns for users’ sensitive data, emphasizing the need for private inference (PI), where inference is performed directly on encrypted inputs. However, current PI methods face prohibitively higher communication and latency overheads, primarily due to nonlinear operations. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis to understand the role of nonlinearities in transformer-based decoder-only language models. We introduce AERO, a four-step architectural optimization framework that refines the existing LLM architecture for efficient PI by systematically removing nonlinearities such as LayerNorm and GELU and reducing FLOPs counts. For the first time, we propose a Softmax-only architecture with significantly fewer FLOPs tailored for efficient PI. Furthermore, we devise a novel entropy regularization technique to improve the performance of Softmax-only models. AERO achieves up to 4.23\(\times\) communication and 1.94\(\times\) latency reduction. We validate the effectiveness of AERO by benchmarking it against the state-of-the-art.
Study of the differential scattering cross section of the acoustic wave for a system of sound-permeable spheres
Authors:   Mavlyutov Institute of Mechanics -- Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nasibullaeva E.Sh.
Published: December 2024

In the context of solving the acoustic scattering problem for a system of multiple sound-permeable spheres, this study investigates one of the key characteristics of the scattering phenomenon: the differential scattering cross section. This characteristic allows one to analyze the intensity of a scattered wave in a fixed direction. The formula for this characteristic, taking into account the interaction between the spheres in the system, is obtained. This formula is universal and applicable to any number of spheres of different radii located in arbitrary three-dimensional configurations, for various physical properties of the environment inside the spheres, as well as under arbitrary external action on the system. The data is verified with the data of other numerical studies; showing qualitative agreement. Numerical parametric analysis for a system consisting of two sound-permeable spheres under an action of a plane or spherical (from a monopole radiation source) wave shows that in the case the air bubbles in water the system has the best scattering properties; backscattering in a system with spheres of the same radius is higher than in a system with spherical particles of different sizes; for a plane wave, an increase in the wave radius leads to a decrease in the value of the backscattering cross section function, while for a monopole radiation source, an increase in the wave radius leads to an increase in this value. For a layer of water droplets in air, it was found that an increase in the distance between the centers of the spheres leads to an increase in the scattering properties of this layer in the opposite direction.
Pengaruh Persepsi Teknologi Informasi, Risiko dan Handling Complaint terhadap Minat Nasabah dalam Menggunakan Internet Banking di Bank BSI KC Suniaraja Bandung
Authors: Aulia Rissa , Wazdi Adi Indradi
Published: December 2024

Based on observations, that the background of this research is that there is a lack of customers who use internet banking. This is caused by several factors including differences in perceptions of information technology, risk and complaint handling.This study aims to determine how the effect of information technology perception, risk and complaint handling both on customer interest in using partial and simultaneous Internet Banking at BSI Syariah KC Suniaraja Bandung.The research object of this report is Perception of Information Technology Risk, and Handling Complaint to Customer Interest in using Internet Banking at BSI Suniaraja Bandung.The results of the study show that there is an influence between the Information Technology Perception variable on Customer Interest, which is 1.2% or t count of 2.290 > 1.989, There is an influence between the Risk variable on Customer Interest which is 2.3%. Or t count 11.870 > 0.256 with a significant value of 0.049 < 0.1. There is a significant influence on the Handling Complaint variable on customer interest, which is 35.1%, it can be seen from the t count of 13.310 > 0.256 with a significant value of 0.007 < 0, 1. Simultaneously there is a significant influence on the variable Perception of Information Technology, Risk to Customer Interest, which is 36.5%, this can be seen from the Fcount of 18.430 > 2.270 and a significant value of 0.000 < 0.1.
Analisis Strengths, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat pada Produk Multiguna di KSPP Syariah Citra Pasundan Utama Bandung
Authors: Atje Reliyani , Rapida Ida
Published: December 2024

Based on the results of observations and interviews, the background of this research is the fluctuating customers that occur in multipurpose products at KSPP Syariah Citra Pasundan Utama Bandung.  In connection with this, the author wants to know the position of Multipurpose products by conducting a SWOT analysis. This study aims to determine Strengths, Weakness, Opportunity and threats on multipurpose products at KSPP Syariah Citra Pasundan Utama Bandung so that it can determine the strategy that must be carried out based on the results of EFAS and IFAS analysis.The object of this research aims to find out what are the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats contained in this multipurpose product. The type of research is descriptive qualitative, the type of data is the premier data collection technique in the form of observation, interviews, literature study and documentation study. The results showed that KSPP Syariah Citra Pasundan Utama Bandung's multipurpose products had: 6 items, 6 weaknesses, 6 opportunities, and 6 threats. The analysis results show that the position of multipurpose products is in quadrant I which is aggressive with the Strengths and Opportunity (S-O) pattern and there are 5 strategy points in it.
Conversational Implicature Analysis on Fast Five Movie
Authors: Sudrajat Muhamad Donny , Winarto Eline Rozaliya , Adiantika Hanif Nurcholish
Published: December 2024

Movie is a medium that can easily attract human attention, in terms of image quality and storyline. However, not everyone is aware of the hidden meaning in conversation between the actors.  This research was conducted to explore the hidden meaning of the conversation in Fast Five movie. The objective of this research is to find out and analyse the types of conversational implicature in Fast Five movie. Fast Five movie was directed by Justin Lin and released in 2011. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. Researcher employ himself as a research instruments by collecting, observing and analyzing the data. This research are expected to increase people’s ability to understand the hidden meaning of a conversation. Conversational implicature is divided into 2 categories, particularized implicature and generalized implicature. Besides, generalized implicature consists of indefinite implicature and scalar implicature. The result of this research are 10 data regarding Particularized Implicature, 4 data regarding Generalized Implicature, 5 data regarding Indefinite Implicature and 7 data regarding Scalar Implicature. The percentage obtained from the 4 types of Conversational Implicature are 39% found in Particularized Implicature, 15% found in Generalized Implicature, 19% found in Indefinite Implicature and 27% found in Scalar Implicature.
An Analysis of Code-Switching and Patterns between Students and A Lecturer in Higher Education Speaking Class
Authors: Bayyinah Sahara , Sakina Rahma , Widianingsih Ayang Winda Sri , Nugraha Muhammad Anjar
Published: December 2024

By examining the patterns of code-switching and code-mixing among Ma'soem University fourth-semester English education students, this study aims to analyze the pattern of code-switching and code-mixing in speaking classes. The study employs a qualitative descriptive methodology, capturing instances of these linguistic behaviors through observations, interviews, and documentation. The study groups communicative functions, contextual triggers, and different types of language alternation according to the theories of Grosjean (1982), Myers-Scotton (1993), and Muysken (2000). The results show that code-switching and code-mixing improve comprehension, facilitate cross-cultural learning, and greatly improve students' educational experiences. The most common pattern is insertional code-switching, which enables students to use vocabulary from several languages to more accurately communicate complicated ideas, especially when literal translations are inadequate. On the other hand, tag-switching seems to be the least common and frequently happens accidentally. The complex interplay among language proficiency, communicative requirements, and cultural identity in the context of education is reflected in these patterns. The results of this study imply that code-switching and code-mixing are essential to successful communication, cultural expression, and language acquisition rather than just being linguistic phenomena.
Students’ Perception on Jigsaw Strategy in English Teaching and Learning Activities
Authors: Habiburrahman Muhammad , Dwinalida Khairunnisa
Published: December 2024

Jigsaw is a simple cooperative teaching strategy that can make students interested in learning activities. This study investigated tenth-grade students' perceptions of the jigsaw strategy as a teaching and learning approach at MA Al Hikmah 1 Brebes. Mixed method which including both quantitative and qualitative design were applied in this current research. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires administered to 75 students, followed by qualitative data through interviews. Findings revealed that students generally held positive views of the jigsaw strategy, perceiving it as an effective tool for improving comprehension, fostering collaboration, and enhancing active learning. However, challenges related to implementation, such as time constraints and teacher preparation, were identified. The conclusion of this study is that the Jigsaw strategy can be an effective alternative to improve student motivation and learning outcomes in learning English.