bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICES OF SCIENCE TEACHERS IN RURAL LEARNING ECOLOGIES
Authors: Ige Olugbenga Adedayo , Jita Loyiso C.
Published: October 2020

The outcomes of IEA's Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) conducted from 1995 to 2002 confirmed that there was no improvement in the learning outcomes of grade eight learners in Mathematics and Science. Additionally, the failure rate in Mathematics at the National Senior Certificate (NSC) Matriculation examination has increased from 2008 to 2018 in South African schools. It was consequent on this decline in performance that the South African National Roads Agency Limited (SANRAL) Chair in Science and Mathematics Education developed a short learning intervention programme for Mathematics teachers in South Africa in 2013 and 2014. This research reports post-intervention instructional practices of five teachers at Reitz who took part in the intervention programme. The teachers took part in the training workshops that were orgnised for participants at the University of the Free State, implemented the knowledge acquired from the programme in their respective schools, and compiled an evidence portfolios of their post-intervention instructional practices. The portfolios of evidence submitted by the teachers were thus analysed to give voice and meaning to their post-intervention instructional practices and reflections. The analyses provide evidences of which aspects of their instructional delivery worked well while other aspects did not work well.
Keywords: evidence portfolios, instructional practices, science education, short learning intervention programme, secondary school teachers
Zanubrutinib monotherapy for patients with treatment-naïve chronic lymphocytic leukemia and 17p deletion
Authors: Tam Constantine S. , Robak Tadeusz , Ghia Paolo , Kahl Brad S. , Walker Patricia , Janowski Wojciech , Simpson David , Shadman Mazyar , Ganly Peter S. , Laurenti Luca , Opat Stephen , Tani Monica , Ciepluch Hanna , Verner Emma , Šimkovič Martin , Österborg Anders , Trněný Marek , Tedeschi Alessandra , Paik Jason C. , Kuwahara Sowmya B. , Feng Shibao , Ramakrishnan Vanitha , Cohen Aileen , Huang Jane , Hillmen Peter , Brown Jennifer R.
Published: October 2020

Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma whose tumors carry deletion of chromosome 17p13.1 [del(17p)] have an unfavorable prognosis and respond poorly to standard chemoimmunotherapy. Zanubrutinib is a selective next-generation Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of zanubrutinib 160 mg twice daily in treatment-naïve patients with del(17p) disease enrolled in a dedicated, nonrandomized cohort (Arm C) of the phase 3 SEQUOIA trial. A total of 109 patients (median age, 70 years; range, 42 – 86) with centrally confirmed del(17p) were enrolled and treated. After a median of 18.2 months (range, 5.0 – 26.3), seven patients had discontinued study treatment due to progressive disease, four due to an adverse event, and one due to withdrawal of consent. The overall response rate was 94.5% with 3.7% of patients achieving complete response with or without incomplete hematologic recovery. The estimated 18-month progression-free survival rate was 88.6% (95% CI, 79.0 – 94.0) and the estimated 18-month overall survival rate was 95.1% (95% CI, 88.4 – 98.0). Most common all-grade adverse events included contusion (20.2%), upper respiratory tract infection (19.3%), neutropenia/neutrophil count decreased (17.4%), and diarrhea (16.5%). Grade ≥ 3 adverse events were reported in 53 patients (48.6%), most commonly neutropenia (12.9%) and pneumonia (3.7%). An adverse event of atrial fibrillation was reported in three patients (2.8%). Zanubrutinib was active and well tolerated in this large, prospectively enrolled treatment cohort of previously untreated patients with del(17p) chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT03336333.
Akateemisuudesta avoimeen yliopistoon
Authors: Vesikansa Esko
Published: October 2020

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan yliopiston ja yhteiskunnan välisen vuorovaikutuksen lisäämistä. Eräänä keinona tähän kirjoittaja näkee korkeakoulujen täydennyskoulutuksen. Artikkelissa hän käsittelee erityisesti korkeakoulututkinnon suorittaneille suunnatun täydennyskoulutuksen kehittämistä, todeten sen kuitenkin vain osaksi korkeakoulujen täydennyskoulutustehtävää. Kirjoittaja päätyy holistisen ajattelutavan mukaisesti toteamaan, että aktiivisella täydennyskoulutuksella voidaan muuttaa koko korkeakoululaitosta nykyistä akateemista instituutiota avoimemmaksi yliopistoksi.
Artikkelissa tarkastellaan yliopiston ja yhteiskunnan välisen vuorovaikutuksen lisäämistä. Eräänä keinona tähän kirjoittaja näkee korkeakoulujen täydennyskoulutuksen. Artikkelissa hän käsittelee erityisesti korkeakoulututkinnon suorittaneille suunnatun täydennyskoulutuksen kehittämistä, todeten sen kuitenkin vain osaksi korkeakoulujen täydennyskoulutustehtävää. Kirjoittaja päätyy holistisen ajattelutavan mukaisesti toteamaan, että aktiivisella täydennyskoulutuksella voidaan muuttaa koko korkeakoululaitosta nykyistä akateemista instituutiota avoimemmaksi yliopistoksi.
Avoimen korkeakoulun kokeilu ja etäopetus
Authors: Hyppönen Kari
Published: October 2020

Turun yliopiston avoimen korkeakoulun toiminnassa aloitettiin syksyllä 1980 koko valtakunnan kattava etäopetuskokeilu. Toiminnan edellyttämä yhteistyöorganisaatio on toiminut hyvin, mutta toiminnan haittana ovat olleet puutteelliset henkilö- ja määräraharesurssit. Avoimen korkeakoulun toiminta edellyttää pysyvää suunnittelu- ja kansliahenkilökuntaa, opiskelijoiden huomioonottoa korkeakoulujen resurssointiperusteissa ja opiskelijoilta perittäviin maksuihin liittyvien kysymysten ratkaisemista. Etäopetuksena toteutettavaa avoimen korkeakoulun opetusta on koordinoitava valtakunnallisella etäopetussuunnitelmalla.
Pacientes não urgentes em unidade de pronto socorro: prevalência de sintomas depressivos
Authors: Coelho Camila Ferreira Cruz , Stein Airton Tetelbom , Pereira Reobbe  Aguiar
Published: October 2020

Identificar a frequência de sintomas depressivos em pacientes caracterizados como não urgentes atendidos no pronto socorro do Hospital Regional de Guaraí – TO - Brasil. Estudo descritivo, com amostra probabilística aleatória, considerando uma frequência de consultas não urgentes de 80% com um erro aceitável de 5%, o tamanho da amostra estimado foi de 198 para o nível de confiança de 95% e com um efeito de delineamento de 1.0.  Foram aplicados questionários aos pacientes classificados como não urgentes. Utilizou - se variáveis quanto a faixa etária, gênero, estado civil, serviço de atendimento à saúde e instrumento CES – D para o rastreamento de sintomas depressivos. Realizado estatística descritiva, com análise de média, desvio padrão para variáveis contínuas e percentual para as variáveis categóricas.   A pesquisa apontou que 93 pacientes do sexo feminino apresentaram sintomas depressivos, enquanto os pacientes do sexo masculino contabilizaram 54 casos atendidos na Unidade de Emergência. A prevalência de jovens com sintomas depressivos foi de 63 casos, enquanto os adultos contabilizaram 45 e os idosos 39. A incidência de pessoas sem companheiro com depressão ocorreu em 87 dos casos, todavia, entre os pacientes com companheiro contabilizou 60 ocorrências. A ocorrência de pacientes com a presença dos sintomas depressivos se deu em 89 casos pouco urgentes enquanto a prevalência de não urgentes foi de 58 dos casos atendidos pela Unidade de Emergência. Considerando a correlação entre, procura de atendimentos não urgente na atenção secundária e depressão, torna-se necessário o planejamento de estratégias que possibilitem efetivar o processo de identificação e diagnóstico precoce de pacientes depressivos.
Ichthyofauna from Santos-São Vincente upper estuary: a study before and during fire at Santos port terminal
Authors: Rotundo Matheus Marcos , Gaulia Luccas Alves , Cardoso Gustavo Stabile , Carminatto Amanda Aparecida , Henrique Helen Sadauskas , Reigada Álvaro Luiz Diogo , Ramires Milena , Barrella Walter , Petrere Junior Miguel
Published: October 2020

Studies accounting the ichthyofauna composition of the Santos-São Vincente estuary-bay and Bertioga channel complex (SSEBBC) are scarce, even with its high ecological and economical importance. In this sense, the present study performed a checklist of the ichthyofauna from the SSEBBC aiming to report the distribution, diet, habitat, economic importance, and conservation status of the collected fish species. Twenty-four (24) monthly collecting campaigns were conducted between March 2013 and February 2015. In each survey, four locations around Bagres Island were sampled with the aid of gill nets with standardized effort. Dead fish specimens were also collected during the accidental fire that occurs on the Terminal Químico de Aratú S.A. (TEQUIMAR) between April 2nd and 10th of 2015. A total of 172 fish specimens were collected, where 50.6% were carnivorous; 35.5% were marine-estuarine; 44.2% with high occidental Atlantic Ocean distribution; 44.8% were a high important food resource. Regarding the conservation status, these fish species were classified as “low-worries” in 76.2% for the global evaluation; 95.3% in national evaluation; and 55.2% in São Paulo State evaluation. Moreover, 53 new fish species were catalogued for the Santos-São Vincente estuary-bay, where 12 were collected during the field monitoring and 41 during the fire monitoring. Fifty-eight (58) fish species collected during the field campaigns were categorized like “insufficient data”; 3 as alien species (Oreochromis niloticus, Opsanus beta e Butis koilomatodon); and there was a rare record of Megalops atlanticus in São Paulo State. Besides of the high anthropization, the studied area presented high fish species richness and should be monitored to ensure the fish species conservation status.
Perfil da morbimortalidade de adolescentes por intoxicação exógena no Brasil
Authors: Silva Maria Nillane da , Ferreira Maria Merciane Medeiros do Nascimento , Viana Magda Rogéria Pereira
Published: October 2020

Buscou- se caracterizar o perfil da morbimortalidade de adolescentes por intoxicação exógena no Brasil na última década. Trata-se de uma análise documental, descritiva, de série temporal com abordagem quantitativa, realizada no mês de agosto de 2020, através do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) do Departamento de Informática do Sistema único de Saúde (DATASUS). Processaram- se os dados nos programas: TabWin versão 4.14, Microsoft Excel versão 2016 e Microsoft Office. Constatou- se o total de 198.367 notificações no período de 2010 a 2019. A região Sudeste e o estado de São Paulo ocuparam o primeiro lugar com 95.250 e 37.916 registros respectivamente. Os casos se concentraram na zona urbana (87,62%) e na faixa etária entre 15 a 19 anos (73,40%). O sexo feminino foi o mais expressivo (67,25%) e a raça branca prevaleceu (40,03%). O medicamento foi o principal agente tóxico (53,53%) e a tentativa de suicídio a principal circunstância (52,01%). A maior parte das exposições foi do tipo aguda- única (65,49%), sendo o critério de confirmação mais utilizado, o clínico (63,31%). Um total de 155.915 casos evoluiu para cura sem sequela e 131.237 foram classificados como intoxicação confirmada. A intoxicação exógena em adolescentes no Brasil tem como protagonistas meninas brancas, com idade entre 15 a 19 anos, moradoras da zona urbana das grandes cidades, que utilizam como método de tentativa de suicídio altas doses de medicamentos de forma abrupta e única.
Influência das mucilagens de sementes de chia (Salvia hispanica L.) e linhaça marrom (Linum usitatissimum L.) na qualidade tecnológica de pães
Authors: Pontes Dorasilvia Ferreira , Oliveira Maria Nilka de , Herculano Leiliane da Fonseca Lima , Costa Cristiano Silva da , Medeiros Stella Regina Arcanjo , Valero-Cases Estefania , Perez Joaquin Julian Pastor , Fernández Maria José Frutos
Published: October 2020

A mucilagem de pseudocereais apresenta aplicação na indústria de panificação como espessante, gelificante e emulsificante. Esse estudo objetivou verificar a influência da adição das mucilagens de semente de chia (Salvia hispanica L.) e linhaça marrom (Linum usitatissimum L) na qualidade tecnológica de pães tipo forma. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas das mucilagens e farinha de trigo; glútens úmido e índex da farinha de trigo; cararterísticas físicas e tecnológicas dos pães. A avaliação dos parâmetros da textura dos pães deu-se através do delineamento composto central rotacional, por superfície de resposta e suas respectivas curvas de contorno. As mucilagens de chia e linhaça apresentaram respectivamente, umidade de 4,37 % e 7,23 %; cinzas 7,56 % e 4,42 %; proteínas 16,32 % e 17,69 %; lipídeos 2,79 % e 0,98 %; carboidratos 21,43 % e 23,47%. Aumentando-se a concentração de mucilagem de linhaça (> 0,3%) e de chia (0,1 a 0,4%) elevou a dureza dos pães. Essa influencia não se observou na elasticidade e coesão. A luminosidade do miolo variou segundo a concentração da mucilagem adicionada, aproximando-se da cor preta e evidenciando que a coloração das mucilagens influenciou significativamente a cor do miolo dos pães. Considerando os resultados obtidos, a adição das mucilagens afetou positivamente as características nos pães.
Influência do jejum pré-abate de frangos de corte na perda de peso e contaminação por Salmonella spp. no papo e eficácia antibacteriana do banho das carcaças com blend de ácidos orgânicos e óleo essencial
Authors: Dorneles Izabela Camilotti , Silva Gustavo Ratti da , Santos Isabela Carvalho dos , Soares Andréia Assunção , Matusaiki Camila de Cuffa , Paié Natielli Belotti , Barbosa Lidiane Nunes , Pinheiro João Juliano , Brito Kelly Cristina Tagliari de , Brito Benito Guimarães de , Otutumi Luciana Kazue
Published: October 2020

Na busca de técnicas que possam auxiliar na redução de micro-organismos que podem estar presentes durante o abate, pesquisas estão sendo feitas com o uso dos ácidos orgânicos e óleos essenciais como sanitizante das carcaças. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a influência do jejum pré-abate de frangos de corte na perda de peso e contaminação por Salmonella spp. do papo e eficácia do banho das carcaças com um blend de ácidos orgânicos e óleo essencial na redução de micro-organismos indicadores de contaminação. Foram avaliados três lotes de frangos de corte de uma integração, sendo que somente em dois lotes foi avaliado a perda de peso após o período de jejum. De cada lote foram colhidas amostras de 40 aves. O produto utilizado foi diluído nas concentrações de 4, 8 e 12%. A análise da presença de micro-organismos indicadores de contaminação foi feita: (1) antes da toalete final; (2) após a toalete final e (3) após o chiller. Verificou-se que a perda de peso variou entre os dois lotes avaliados. A contagem de mesófilos aeróbios foi reduzida na concentração de 12% do blend comercial. O resfriamento (chiller) das carcaças foi eficiente em reduzir a contagem de mesófilos aeróbios em 66,6% (2/3) dos lotes. Os coliformes à 45ºC estavam presentes em 66,6% (2/3) e a contagem dos micro-organismos psicrotróficos variou entre os lotes avaliados. Novos estudos são necessários visando avaliar o efeito do blend diretamente no chuveiro da toalete final, visando avaliar sua eficácia em larga escala de produção.
Surgical approach associated with cryotherapy of unicystic mandibular ameloblastoma with 19-year follow-up – a case report
Authors: Lima Gabriel Sousa , Rodrigues Cristóvão Marondes de Castro , Sol Izabella , Almeida Vinícius Lima de , Silva Ricardo  Pedro da , Reis Danyella Carolyna Soares dos , Barbosa Darceny Zanetta , Rocha Flaviana Soares , Silva Cláudia Jordão
Published: October 2020

Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor of epithelial origin with slow, asymptomatic, rare growth and is associated with a high rate of recurrence, being responsible for 1% of mandibular tumors. There are several variations of these tumors, with solid / multicystic and unicystic types being the most recurrent. The signs are discrete and rarely noticed by the patient in the early stages. In the imaging examination, it presents itself as a well-delimited radiolucent image, which may be associated with the crown of an unerupted tooth, resorption of adjacent roots and vestibular-lingual medullary expansion. In the literature, the most appropriate treatment for the management of such pathology is still controversial, since there are conservative philosophies such as curettage, marsupialization (decompression) and defending currents of the radical surgical approach through resection with a safety margin. This study aims to report a case of curettage of follicular unicystic ameloblastoma with a single incidence of recurrence and treated again by means of a conservative surgical approach and continuing with a 19-year clinical preservation, without any clinical or imaging signs of recurrence.
Método de Índice de Qualidade aplicado para o Pangasius bocourti (Sauvage, 1880) (Suriliformes; Pangasidae)
Authors: Cunha Diego Aurélio dos Santos , Coelho Alline Vieira , Ferreira Lyssandra Kelly Silva , Sampaio Ana Paula Rego , Braga Joyce Caroline Campos Mendes , Jesus Greiciene dos Santos de , Bezerra Nancyleni Pinto Chaves , Santos Elaine Cristina Batista dos , Torres Junior Audálio Rebelo
Published: October 2020

No estudo foi aplicado o Método de Índice de Qualidade (MIQ) adaptado para o Pangasius bocourti inteiro armazenado em gelo durante 25 dias, foi avaliado o frescor e estimado seu tempo de vida de prateleira e consumo humano aceitável, utilizando 80 exemplares despescados em uma piscicultura localizada no município de Bom Jardim - MA. Foram aplicadas análises sensoriais de atributos de qualidade por cinco julgadores treinados, em 10 exemplares/dia. Os escores foram tabulados, estimando-se a média e os desvios padrões para cada um dos cinco julgadores, para cada atributo e subatributo obtido. As análises microbiológicas utilizaram oito exemplares consistindo na utilização do primeiro exemplar/dia em cada dia de análise sensorial. O Protocolo MIQ proporcionou de 0 - 33 pontos deméritos, com seis atributos e 15 subatributos de qualidade. Nas análises microbiológicas foi verificado que as amostras se encontravam dentro do padrão estabelecido pela legislação brasileira mesmo após os 25 dias de estocagem. Conclui-se que o Método do Índice da Qualidade do P. bocourti foi eficaz para avaliar o frescor e estimar a vida útil da espécie. O P. bocourti inteiro armazenado em gelo permaneceu com seus índices sensoriais aptos para o consumo humano avaliadas pelo MIQ por até 12 dias.
Conhecimento e atitude de adolescentes sobre a vacinação contra HPV
Authors: Ferreira Hellen Lívia Oliveira Catunda , Mendes Cícero Siqueira , Tavares Tainan Maria Cruz Lopes , Bezerra Richardson Lopes , Soares Paula Renata Amorim Lessa , Ribeiro Samila Gomes , Pinheiro Ana Karina Bezerra
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Analisar o conhecimento e atitude de adolescentes sobre à vacinação contra o HPV. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal. Foi aplicado um questionário à adolescentes do sexo feminino, estudantes de escolas públicas de ensino fundamental da cidade de Fortaleza. Os dados foram organizados e analisados por meio do programa estatístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 20.0. Resultados: Verificou-se que 72 (60%) adolescentes tinham conhecimento inadequado, todas já tinham ouvido falar sobre o HPV e sua vacinação, porém as adolescentes não conheciam a indicação da vacina contra o HPV. Porém atitude sobre a vacinação contra o HPV foi adequada em 112 (93,3%) das pesquisadas. Quanto à associação entre variáveis sociodemográficas e sexuais com o conhecimento, foram observadas associações significativas que foram com raça e renda.  Conclusão: As adolescentes têm, em sua maioria, conhecimento inadequado e atitude adequada sobre a vacina contra o HPV.  O conhecimento inadequado está relacionado com cor não branca e baixa renda, demostrando que as vulnerabilidades sociais impactam negativamente.
A presença da disciplina de dor orofacial e disfunção temporomandibular nas faculdades de odontologia do nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Silva Lucas Nunes de Brito , Santos Elenisa Glaucia Ferreira dos , Ávilla Eryck Canabarra , Moreira Lucya Giselle Costa , Silva Matheus Corrêa da , Almeida Ingrid Torres de , Andrade Emanuel Savio de Souza
Published: October 2020

Os problemas relacionados à dor orofacial e disfunção temporomandibular afetam o funcionamento psicossocial e a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos. Objetivo: Identificar a presença da disciplina de dor orofacial e disfunção temporomandibular na matriz curricular das Instituições de Ensino Superior da região Nordeste do Brasil. Metodologia: A pesquisa tratou-se de um estudo transversal que se deu em duas etapas: inicialmente, realizou-se a busca pelas instituições credenciadas pelo Ministério da Educação, sendo excluídas aquelas que apresentavam o curso como não iniciado, interrompido ou extinto; em seguida, buscou-se a matriz curricular de cada instituição, registrando a presença da disciplina, carga horária da disciplina, ensino teórico ou teórico-prático, carga horária total da graduação e categoria administrativa (pública ou privada). Foram excluídas as instituições que não apresentaram a matriz curricular disponível em seus endereços eletrônicos. Resultados: Das 101 instituições selecionadas, 49 apresentaram a disciplina de dor orofacial e disfunção temporomandibular em sua grade, sendo 83% de categoria administrativa privada. A carga horária total do curso de Odontologia correspondeu, em média, a 4.232 horas, entretanto, a carga horária da disciplina apresenta um pouco mais de 1% do total ofertado. Menos da metade dos cursos, 43%, aborda a disciplina de modo teórico-prático, sendo o restante apenas teórico. Conclusão: Ainda é baixa a presença da disciplina de dor orofacial e disfunção temporomandibular nos cursos de Odontologia do Nordeste brasileiro. Em razão da sua relevância, devem ser planejadas medidas para que sua inclusão seja priorizada.
Substratos orgânicos e pulverização com biofertilizante na produção de mudas de mamoeiro
Authors: Barros Cristiane Muniz Barbosa , Vanolli Beatriz da Silva , Vicensi Marcelo , Ávila Fabrício William de , Botelho Renato Vasconcelos , Müller Marcelo Marques Lopes
Published: October 2020

A qualidade das mudas usadas no plantio é fundamental para o sucesso de um pomar de mamoeiro. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito de diferentes substratos com compostos de adubos verdes e da adubação foliar com biofertilizante sobre o desenvolvimento e acúmulo de nutrientes em mudas de mamoeiro formosa e mamoeiro papaia. Os substratos usados na produção das mudas foram: solo (S); solo + esterco (S+E); solo + composto de esterco e aveia preta (S+CAP); solo + composto de esterco e azevém (S+CAZ); solo + composto de esterco e nabo forrageiro (S+CNF); e solo + composto de esterco e ervilhaca (S+CEV). Os substratos contendo esterco de curral ou composto de adubos verdes resultaram em melhor desenvolvimento das mudas de mamoeiro. Os substratos contendo S+E, S+CAP e S+CEV melhoraram o desenvolvimento das mudas de mamoeiro papaia, sendo que os acúmulos de N e P foram maiores com o substrato S+E e o acúmulo de Ca foi maior com o substrato S+CEV. Nas mudas de mamoeiro formosa, o substrato S+CEV aumentou os acúmulos de P, Ca e Mg na massa seca. A aplicação foliar do biofertilizante nas mudas de mamoeiro formosa aumentou a extensão radicular, o volume de raízes, e o acúmulo de P, mas, diminuiu os acúmulos de N e Ca, enquanto que a produção de matéria seca não foi afetada. Entretanto, nas mudas de mamoeiro papaia, o biofertilizante aumentou o volume de raízes, mas, reduziu a massa seca de parte aérea e total e os acúmulos de N, P e K.
Melanoma anorretal primário: um relato de caso
Authors: Gallo Fabiana , Andrade Gabriela Vellano de , Abreu Rebeca Fontoura Morais , Araújo Marcela Pereira de , Abreu Rone Antônio Alves de , Araújo Filho Jandui Diniz
Published: October 2020

O melanoma primário de mucosas é uma afecção rara, correspondendo a 1,4% dos melanomas no geral, sendo mais comum na região anorretal devido a maior concentração de melanócitos. Tem maior prevalência entre a sexta e oitava década de vida. Apresenta sintomas como: dor local, enterorragia, hematoquezia, presença de massa tumoral anal, desconforto evacuatório, podendo gerar prolapso durante o ato defecatório devido ao crescimento da lesão. Diante de sinais e sintomas vagos e inespecífico, a doença é caracterizada por ter um prognóstico desfavorável, pois seu diagnóstico geralmente é tardio, sendo feito em apenas 0,9 a 5% dos casos, normalmente, mediante à presença de complicações. A identificação da doença é confirmada através do histopatológico. O presente estudo descreve o caso clínico de uma paciente de 69 anos de idade, no qual foi submetida, diante das queixas, a uma polipectomia com biópsia que apresentou no resultado do histopatológico uma neoplasia maligna intraepitelial do canal anal com margens livres, caracterizando o procedimento como curativo.
Fake news sobre COVID-19 e suas implicações à pessoa com diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mourão Luana Feitosa , Fontenele Natália Ângela Oliveira , Marques Antonio Dean Barbosa , Guedes Maria Vilani Cavalcante , Oliveira Sherida Karanini Paz de
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Refletir as Fake News sobre COVID-19 e suas implicações à pessoa com Diabetes Mellitus. Método: Trata-se de uma análise reflexiva realizada em discussões entre docentes e discentes, durante os encontros da disciplina Tópicos de Filosofia da Ciência em Enfermagem e Saúde, no qual, discutia-se os principais princípios da filosofia e sua relação, contribuição e importância na prática da Enfermagem. Resultados e discussão: Recomenda-se que as pessoas com diabetes busquem informações em sites oficiais, pois é relevante a população ser esclarecida sobre todas as informações relacionadas ao COVID-19, além disso, os órgãos competentes devem intensificar as recomendações de isolamento social e medidas não farmacológicas. Conclusão: Contudo, é necessário contribuir para a não propagação das fake news notificando-as no site do Ministério da Saúde.
Effects of marine reserves on predator-prey interactions in central California kelp forests
Authors: Yates DC , Lonhart SI , Hamilton SL
Published: October 2020

Marine reserves are often designed to increase density, biomass, size structure, and biodiversity by prohibiting extractive activities. However, the recovery of predators following the establishment of marine reserves and the consequent cessation of fishing may have indirect negative effects on prey populations by increasing prey mortality. We coupled field surveys with empirical predation assays (i.e. tethering experiments) inside and outside of 3 no-take marine reserves in kelp forests along the central California coast to quantify the strength of interactions between predatory fishes and their crustacean prey. Results indicated elevated densities and biomass of invertebrate predators inside marine reserves compared to nearby fished sites, but no significant differences in prey densities. The increased abundance of predators inside marine reserves translated to a significant increase in mortality of 2 species of decapod crustaceans, the dock shrimpPandalus danaeand the cryptic kelp crabPugettia richii, in tethering experiments. Shrimp mortality rates were 4.6 times greater, while crab mortality rates were 7 times greater inside reserves. For both prey species, the time to 50% mortality was negatively associated with the density and biomass of invertebrate predators (i.e. higher mortality rates where predators were more abundant). Video analyses indicated that macro-invertivore fishes arrived 2 times faster to tethering arrays at sites inside marine reserves and began attacking tethered prey more rapidly. The results indicate that marine reserves can have direct and indirect effects on predators and their prey, respectively, and highlight the importance of considering species interactions in making management decisions.
Lawyers, Judges, and the Obstinate State: The French Case and an Agenda for Comparative Politics
Authors: Pavone Tommaso
Published: October 2020

In the field of comparative politics, France is often taken to exemplify the resilience of the centralized modern state. Stanley Hoffmann popularized this thesis by highlighting the French state's "obstinacy" despite postwar reform efforts. This article revisits Hoffmann's obstinate state thesis by tracing how lawyers and judges shaped French political development. I demonstrate that continuity in French officials' claims to centralized power belie a deeper story of how legal actors catalyze institutional change in unlikely places: In civil law countries without a history of judicial review, in authoritarian regimes without regard for judicial independence, and in seemingly monolithic states without much room for democratic self-governance. These findings compel a comparative research agenda placing lawyers and judges at the center of the study of political development.
Phosphorus Uptake and Growth of Wild-Type Barley and Its Root-Hairless Mutant Cultured in Buffered-and Non-Buffered-P Solutions
Authors: Xie Yucong , Rathinasabapathi Bala , Schaffer Bruce , Mylavarapu Rao , Liu Guodong
Published: October 2020

Root hairs play an important role in phosphorus (P) nutrition of plants. To better understand the relationship between root hairs and P acquisition efficiency (PAE) in barley, experiments were conducted with the wild-type barley (cv. ’Pallas’) and its root-hairless mutant (brb). A hydroponic split-root system was used to supply P as Ca3(PO4)2 (tri-calcium phosphate, TCP) to one-half and other nutrients to the other half of the root system. Using TCP as a sole P source can simulate a soil solution with buffered low P concentration in hydroponics to induce prolific root hair growth. Root morphology, plant growth, and P uptake efficiency were measured with 50 mg L−1 TCP supplied to the roots in the split-root system and 0, 35, or 1000 μM NaH2PO4 in a non-split-root hydroponic system. The wild-type plants developed root hairs, but they did not contribute to the significant genotypic differences in the P uptake rate when a soluble P source was supplied in the non-split root system, indicating that root hair formation does not contribute to P uptake in a non-split root solution. On the other hand, when grown in a split-root system with one-half of the roots supplied with TCP, the wild-type showed 1.25-fold greater P uptake than the root hairless mutant. This study provides evidence that root hairs play an essential role in plant P uptake when P bioavailability is limited in the root zone.
Awareness of Appropriate Antibiotic Use in Primary Care for Influenza-Like Illness: Evidence of Improvement from UK Population-Based Surveys
Authors: Pouwels Koen B. , Roope Laurence S. J. , Buchanan James , Morrell Liz , Tonkin-Crine Sarah , Peters Michele , Jones Leah F. , Castro-Sánchez Enrique , Crook Derrick W. , Peto Tim , Butler Christopher C. , Robotham Julie V. , Walker A. Sarah , Wordsworth Sarah
Published: October 2020

Influenza-like illnesses (ILI) account for a significant portion of inappropriate antibiotic use. Patient expectations for antibiotics for ILI are likely to play a substantial role in ‘unnecessary’ antibiotic consumption. This study aimed to investigate trends in awareness of appropriate antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Three sequential online surveys of independent representative samples of adults in the United Kingdom investigated expectations for, and consumption of, antibiotics for ILI (May/June 2015 (n = 2064); Oct/Nov 2016 (n = 4000); Mar 2017 (n = 4000)). Respondents were asked whether they thought antibiotics were effective for ILI and about their antibiotic use. Proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for each question and interactions with respondent characteristics were tested using logistic regression. Over the three surveys, the proportion of respondents who believed antibiotics would “definitely/probably” help an ILI fell from 37% (95% CI 35–39%) to 28% (95% CI 26–29%). Those who would “definitely/probably” visit a doctor in this situation fell from 48% (95% CI 46–50%) to 36% (95% CI 34–37%), while those who would request antibiotics during a consultation fell from 39% (95% CI 37–41%) to 30% (95% CI 29–32%). The percentage of respondents who found the information we provided about AMR “new/surprising” fell from 34% (95% CI 32–36%) to 28% (95% CI 26–31%). Awareness improved more among black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) than white people, with little other evidence of differences in improvements between subgroups. Whilst a degree of selection bias is unavoidable in online survey samples, the results suggest that awareness of AMR and appropriate antibiotic use has recently significantly improved in the United Kingdom, according to a wide range of indicators.
The Role of the Xylem in Oxytetracycline Translocation within Citrus Trees
Authors: Hijaz Faraj , Nehela Yasser , Al-Rimawi Fuad , Vincent Christopher I. , Killiny Nabil
Published: October 2020

Antibiotics have been successfully used to control plant diseases for more than fifty years. Recently, oxytetracycline and streptomycin have been approved for the treatment of Huanglongbing, which is threatening the citrus industry in many regions. Because the efficiency of antibiotics in planta is highly affected by their movement and distribution, understanding the mechanism of antibiotics’ uptake and distribution could lead to a better control of plant pathogens. Herein, we investigated the movement of oxytetracycline within citrus plants. Oxytetracycline was applied by root drenching to both girdled and non-girdled citrus seedlings. In addition, oxytetracycline was applied by trunk injection to girdled and non-girdled citrus trees. After the exposure time (24 h), citrus seedlings were dissected and the levels of oxytetracycline in the different tissues were measured using an oxytetracycline ELISA kit. Upon root application (laboratory experiment), oxytetracycline was detected in the inner part of the stem (xylem-associated tissue), cortex (phloem-associated tissue), and leaves above and below the girdled area. Likewise, oxytetracycline was also detected in leaves of trunk-injected field trees (girdled and non-girdled) three days post treatment. Interestingly, cortex girdling did not affect the distribution and translocation of oxytetracycline, indicating that the xylem is the main path for oxytetracycline translocation. Taken together, our results indicate that oxytetracycline translocation mainly occurs via xylem vessels, and that movement into the phloem occurs subsequent to xylem translocation. Our findings also clearly demonstrated that upon trunk injection, only trace levels of oxytetracycline reached the roots, minimizing its therapeutic value there. Thus, our recommendation is to time tree injections to coincide with the flushing periods when the bacteria are moving into new shoots to maximize the efficiency of oxytetracycline.
Insight into Polyphenol and Gut Microbiota Crosstalk: Are Their Metabolites the Key to Understand Protective Effects against Metabolic Disorders?
Authors: Koudoufio Mireille , Desjardins Yves , Feldman Francis , Spahis Schohraya , Delvin Edgard , Levy Emile
Published: October 2020

Lifestyle factors, especially diet and nutrition, are currently regarded as essential avenues to decrease modern-day cardiometabolic disorders (CMD), including obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Many groups around the world attribute these trends, at least partially, to bioactive plant polyphenols given their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. In fact, polyphenols can prevent or reverse the progression of disease processes through many distinct mechanisms. In particular, the crosstalk between polyphenols and gut microbiota, recently unveiled thanks to DNA-based tools and next generation sequencing, unravelled the central regulatory role of dietary polyphenols and their intestinal micro-ecology metabolites on the host energy metabolism and related illnesses. The objectives of this review are to: (1) provide an understanding of classification, structure, and bioavailability of dietary polyphenols; (2) underline their metabolism by gut microbiota; (3) highlight their prebiotic effects on microflora; (4) discuss the multifaceted roles of their metabolites in CMD while shedding light on the mechanisms of action; and (5) underscore their ability to initiate host epigenetic regulation. In sum, the review clearly documents whether dietary polyphenols and micro-ecology favorably interact to promote multiple physiological functions on human organism.
Application of Metal Magnetic Memory Testing Technology to the Detection of Stress Corrosion Defect
Authors: Zhao Bingxun , Yao Kai , Wu Libo , Li Xinglong , Wang Yue-Sheng
Published: October 2020

The damage of equipment manufactured with ferromagnetic materials in service can be effectively detected by Metal Magnetic Memory Testing (MMMT) technology, which has received extensive attention in various industry fields. The effect of stress or strain on Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) signals of ferromagnetic materials has been researched by many scholars for assessing stress concentration and fatigue damage. However, there is still a lack of research on the detection of stress corrosion damage of ferromagnetic materials by MMMT technology. In this paper, the electrochemical corrosion system was designed for corrosion experiments, and three different experiments were performed to study the effect of corrosion on MFL signals. The distribution of MFL signals on the surface of the specimen was investigated. The results indicated that both the normal component Hn and tangential component Ht of MFL signals presented different signal characteristics when the specimen was subjected to different working conditions. Finally, two characterization parameters, Sn and St, were defined to evaluate the corrosion degree of the specimen, and St is better. The direct dependence of corrosion depth on the parameter was developed and the average error rates between the predicted and measured values are 8.94% under the same working condition. Therefore, the expression can be used to evaluate the corrosion degree of the specimen quantitatively. The results are significant for detecting and assessing the corrosion defect of ferromagnetic materials.
OCT Analysis in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis during Fingolimod Therapy: 2-Year Longitudinal Retrospective Study
Authors: Rossi Settimio , Gesualdo Carlo , Gallo Antonio , Melillo Paolo , Martines Francesco , Colucci Raffaella , d’Ambrosio Alessandro , Tedeschi Gioacchino , Simonelli Francesca
Published: October 2020

Many studies have demonstrated the usefulness of some optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters, like total macular volume (TMV) and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL-T), for monitoring patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there are no real-world, long-term studies on patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS) treated with fingolimod. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe retinal changes associated with fingolimod therapy during a two-year follow-up while considering previous episodes of optic neuritis (ON). Patients diagnosed with RR-MS and treated with fingolimod (46 in total) underwent a two-year follow-up. Based on previous ON history, we identified 16 ON+ and 30 ON− patients. The ophthalmological evaluations, including visual field (VF) examination and OCT, were performed at a baseline at 3–6, 12 and 24 months to evaluate the progression rate for each parameter. When analyzing the whole sample, OCT showed no cases of macular edema. Instead, we observed a significant reduction rate in the central retinal thickness (CRT) (p < 0.001), TMV (p < 0.001) and RNFL (p < 0.05). Moreover, we observed a significant difference in the progression rate between ON+ and ON− patients, relative to the VF and RNFL (p < 0.05) examinations. OCT highlighted a significant progression rate of retinal damage in MS patients despite fingolimod therapy, especially in MS ON+ patients.
A Novel Hybrid Model for Cantonese Rumor Detection on Twitter
Authors: Chen Xinyu , Ke Liang , Lu Zhipeng , Su Hanjian , Wang Haizhou
Published: October 2020

The development of information technology and mobile Internet has spawned the prosperity of online social networks. As the world’s largest microblogging platform, Twitter is popular among people all over the world. However, as the number of users on Twitter increases, rumors have become a serious problem. Therefore, rumor detection is necessary since it can prevent unverified information from causing public panic and disrupting social order. Cantonese is a widely used language in China. However, to the best of our knowledge, little research has been done on Cantonese rumor detection. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid model XGA (namely XLNet-based Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU) network with Attention mechanism) for Cantonese rumor detection on Twitter. Specifically, we take advantage of both semantic and sentiment features for detection. First of all, XLNet is employed to produce text-based and sentiment-based embeddings at the character level. Then we perform joint learning of character and word embeddings to obtain the words’ external contexts and internal structures. In addition, we leverage BiGRU and the attention mechanism to obtain important semantic features and use the Cantonese rumor dataset we constructed to train our proposed model. The experimental results show that the XGA model outperforms the other popular models in Cantonese rumor detection. The research in this paper provides methods and ideas for future work in Cantonese rumor detection on other social networking platforms.
Compressive Strength Development of High-Volume Fly Ash Ultra-High-Performance Concrete under Heat Curing Condition with Time
Authors: Dong Pham Sy , Tuan Nguyen Van , Thanh Le Trung , Thang Nguyen Cong , Cu Viet Hung , Mun Ju-Hyun
Published: October 2020

This research investigated the effect of fly ash content on the compressive strength development of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) at different curing conditions, i.e., the standard curing condition and the heat curing. A total of 20 mixtures were prepared to cast specimens to measure the compressive strength at different ages from 3 days to 180 days. Additionally, 300 specimens were prepared to estimate the appropriate heat curing period at the early ages in terms of enhancing the 28-day compressive strength of UHPC with high content of fly ash (FA). From the regression analysis using test data, empirical equations were formulated to assess the compressive strength development of UHPC considering the FA content and maturity function. Test results revealed that the preference of the addition of FA for enhancing the compressive strength of UHPC requires the early heat curing procedure which can be recommended as at least 2 days under 90 °C. Moreover, the compressive strength of UHPC with FA under heat curing mostly reached its 28-day strength within 3 days. The proposed models based on the fib 2010 model can be a useful tool to reliably assess the compressive strength development of UHPC with high-volume fly ash (HVFA) (up to 70% fly ash content) under a heat curing condition that possesses a different performance from that of normal- and high-strength concrete. When 50% of the cement content was replaced by FA, the embodied CO2 emission for UHPC mixture reduced up to approximately 50%, which is comparable to the CO2 emission calculated from the conventional normal-strength concrete.
A Multi-Parameter, Predictive Model of Starch Hydrolysis in Barley Beer Mashes
Authors: Saarni Andrew , Miller Konrad V. , Block David E.
Published: October 2020

A key first step in the production of beer is the mashing process, which enables the solubilization and subsequent enzymatic conversion of starch to fermentable sugars. Mashing performance depends primarily on temperature, but also on a variety of other process parameters, including pH and mash thickness (known as the “liquor-to-grist” ratio). This process has been studied for well over 100 years, and yet essentially all predictive modeling efforts are alike in that only the impact of temperature is considered, while the impacts of all other process parameters are largely ignored. A set of statistical and mathematical methods collectively known as Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is commonly applied to develop predictive models of complex processes such as mashing, where performance depends on multiple parameters. For this study, RSM was used to design and test a set of experimental mash conditions to quantify the impact of four process parameters—temperature (isothermal), pH, aeration, and the liquor-to-grist ratio—on extract yield (total and fermentable) and extract composition in order to create a robust, yet simple, predictive model. In contrast to previous models of starch hydrolysis in a mash, a unique aspect of the model developed here was the quantification of significant parameter interaction effects, the most notable of which was the interaction between temperature and mash thickness (i.e., the liquor-to-grist ratio). This interaction had a sizeable impact on important mash performance metrics, such as the total extract yield and the fermentability of the resultant wort. The development of this model is of great future utility to brewery processing, as it permits the multi-parameter optimization of the mashing process.
Bi-Pinnate Compound Serianthes nelsonii Leaf-Level Plasticity Magnifies Leaflet-Level Plasticity
Authors: Deloso Benjamin E. , Marler Thomas E.
Published: October 2020

Numerous leaf traits exhibit developmental plasticity in response to irradiance, an attribute that maximizes performance in the prevailing light. The use of leaflets to represent whole leaf traits of tree species with compound leaves is common in the acclimation literature. These methods ignore the potential for whole leaf plasticity to augment leaflet plasticity. We grew Serianthes nelsonii plants in incident light ranging from 6% to 100% of sunlight and quantified numerous leaflet and leaf traits to determine plasticity index (PI: (maximum-minimum)/maximum)) of each. Leaflet acclimation such as changes in length of palisade mesophyll occurred as expected. However, leaf-level morphometric traits such as rachillae insertion angle also exhibited acclimation potential. The leaf-level plastic behavior enabled acclimation approaches that simple-leaved species do not possess. We illuminate the need to look at the entire leaf when quantifying acclimation potential of tree leaves, and indicate that the historical use of leaflets to represent species with compound leaves under-estimated the acclimation potential when compared to species with simple leaves.