bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decreased Immunoreactivity of Hepatitis E Virus Antigen Following Treatment with Sakhalin Spruce (Picea glehnii) Essential Oil
Authors: Maeda Naoyuki , Horochi Shouya , Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Iwasaki Tomohito , Nakatani Nobutake , Miyasho Taku , Hagiwara Katsuro , Yokota Hiroshi , Funatsu Yasuhiro
Published: March 2023

The hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes a common infectious disease that infects pigs, wild boars, deer, and humans. In most cases, humans are infected by eating raw meat. Some essential oils have been reported to exhibit antiviral activities. In this study, in order to investigate the anti‐HEV properties of essential oils, the immunoreactivities of HEV antigen proteins against the relevant antibodies were analyzed after the HEV antigens underwent treatment with various essential oils. The essential oils extracted from the tea tree, which was previously reported to exhibit antiviral activity, lavender, and lemon had strongly reduced activity. We found that treatment with the essential oil prepared from Sakhalin spruce was associated with the strongest reduction in immunoreactivity of HEV antigen protein(s) among the tested substances. The main volatile constituents of Sakhalin spruce essential oil were found to be bornyl acetate (32.30 %), α‐pinene (16.66 %), camphene (11.14 %), camphor (5.52 %), β‐phellandrene (9.09 %), borneol (4.77 %), and limonene (4.57 %). The anti‐HEV properties of the various components of the essential oils were examined: treatment with bornyl acetate, the main component of Sakhalin spruce oil, α‐pinene, the main component of tea tree oil, and limonene, the main component of lemon oil, resulted in a strong reduction in HEV antigen immunoreactivity. These results indicate that each main component of the essential oils plays an important role in the reduction of the immunoreactivity of HEV antigen protein(s); they also suggest that Sakhalin spruce essential oil exhibits anti‐HEV activity. In a formulation with the potential to eliminate the infectivity of HEV in foodborne infections, this essential oil can be applied as an inactivating agent for meat processing and cooking utensils, such as knives and chopping boards.
Adrenaline‐induced hypotension in the context of significant quetiapine overdose
Authors: Anomelechi Enyioma , Hirst Robert
Published: March 2023

In patients presenting with hypotension due to significant quetiapine or mixed overdose, adrenaline should be avoided and consider medications such as noradrenaline or vasopressin as an alternative. If using noradrenaline peripherally, use a lower concentration (4 mg in 50 mL 5% glucose) and use a large bore cannula in a large vein.
Iron‐Catalyzed Deoxynitrogenation of Carboxylic Acids with Cyanamides to Access Nitriles
Authors: Li Mengsheng , Zhang Jing
Published: March 2023

Efficient strategies to access nitriles from common organic functionalities are highly important, given their significance in synthetic and medicinal chemistry. Although the direct transformation of carboxylic acids to nitriles have been explored for decades, there is few general and practical protocol to access nitriles from carboxylic acid precursors. Herein, an iron‐catalyzed deoxynitrogenaton strategy to convert carboxylic acids into nitriles is described. This method utilizes a cyanamide as the recyclable nitrogen donor and deoxygenating reagent, operates broadly across aryl, alkenyl, and alkyl carboxylic acids, and features an easy setup without inert gas protection. The synthetic value of this method is demonstrated by application in late‐stage modification of drug molecules, synthesis of a pharmaceutical structure, and scaleup reactions and downstream derivatizations.
Inverting the Electronic Structure of Diylidylgermylenes by Backbone Modification
Authors: Swamy V. S. V. S. N. , Krischer Felix , Schwarz Christopher , Steinert Henning , Mallick Bert , Gessner Viktoria H.
Published: March 2023

Owing to the strong electron‐donating ability of ylide substituents, diylidyltetrylenes are usually highly nucleophilic species with strong donor capacities. Here, we demonstrate that their electronic properties are in fact highly flexible and can be effectively tuned through variation of the substituent in the ylide backbone. Initial density functional theory studies showed that cyano groups are particularly capable in lowering the LUMO energy of diylidyl germylenes thus turning these usually highly nucleophilic species into electrophilic compounds. This was confirmed by experimental studies. Attempts to synthesize the germylene (YCN)2Ge [with YCN=Ph3P‐(C)‐CN] from the corresponding metalated ylide YCNK selectively led to germanide [(YCN)3Ge)K]2 thus reflecting the electrophilic nature of the intermediate formed germylene. XRD analysis of single crystals of (YCN)2Ge – serendipitously obtained through protonative cleavage of one ylide from the germanide – revealed a monomeric structure with rather long Ge‐ylide linkages, which corroborates well with a pure single bond and no stabilization of the empty pπ orbital at germanium through π bonding. The germanide exhibits methanide‐like reactivity towards chalcogens but a likewise weak Ge−C bond as demonstrated by the insertion of carbon dioxide.
Quantitative Electromerism of a Well‐defined Mononuclear Copper Complex Through Reversible Intramolecular Metal‐Ligand Electron Transfer
Authors: Osterbrink Johanna , Walter Petra , Leingang Simone , Pfisterer Hanna , Kaifer Elisabeth , Himmel Hans‐Jörg
Published: March 2023

Copper amine oxidases are enzymes that exhibit in their active site a mononuclear copper complex and a 2,4,5‐trihydroxyphenylalanine quinone (TPQ) cofactor; in the oxidative half of the catalytic cycle, the enzymes regulate their activity by a temperature‐dependent electron transfer equilibrium between the CuII complex with the reduced, aminoquinol form of the cofactor and the reactive CuI complex with the corresponding oxidized, semiquinone form of the cofactor. Here, we report the first mononuclear copper complex with redox‐active ligands showing quantitative, reversible electromerism between a CuII eletromer with reduced, neutral ligand and a CuI electromer with an oxidized, radical monocationic ligand. The CuII form, being exclusively present at low temperature, exhibits a lower enthalpy (like the enzymes), but the CuI complex exhibits a higher entropy and is exclusively present at room temperature in CH2Cl2 solution. Further analysis, based on six different copper complexes, discloses a large solvent effect on electromerism.
Dynamic Metalloporphyrin‐Based [2]Rotaxane Molecular Shuttles Stimulated by Neutral Lewis Base and Anion Coordination
Authors: Wilmore Jamie T. , Cheong Tse Yuen , Docker Andrew , Whitehead Caspar , Williams Charlotte K. , Beer Paul D.
Published: March 2023

A series of dynamic metalloporphyrin [2]rotaxane molecular shuttles comprising of bis‐functionalised Zn(II) porphyrin axle and pyridyl functionalised macrocycle components are prepared in high yield via active metal template synthetic methodology. Extensive variable temperature 1H NMR and quantitative UV‐Vis spectroscopic titration studies demonstrate dynamic macrocycle translocation is governed by an inter‐component co‐ordination interaction between the macrocycle pyridyl and axle Zn(II) metalloporphyrin, which serves to bias a ‘resting state’ co‐conformation. The dynamic shuttling behaviour of the interlocked structures is dramatically inhibited by the addition of a neutral Lewis base such as pyridine, but can also be tuned via post‐synthetic rotaxane demetallation of the porphyrin axle core to give free‐base, or upon subsequent metallation, Ni(II) [2]rotaxane analogues. Importantly, the Lewis acidic Zn(II) porphyrin axle component is also capable of coordinating anions which induces mechanical bond shuttling behaviour resulting in a novel optical sensing response.
Stereoselective behaviors and enantiomeric effects of paclobutrazol on microorganisms during Chinese cabbage pickling process
Authors: Chen Min , Guo Hao‐Ming , Di Shan‐Shan , Zhao Yue , Zhou Dong‐Dong , Cao Yi‐Wen , Tian Pei , Yang Zhong‐Hua , Zhao Hui‐Yu
Published: March 2023

Studies on the differences between chiral pesticide enantiomers have caused widespread concern in the last decade. In the current work, the selective behaviors and different biological activities of paclobutrazol enantiomers during Chinese cabbage pickling process were evaluated. Results of degradation kinetics indicated that when paclobutrazol reside in raw material (Chinese cabbage) and was introduced into the pickling process, the degradation rates of the two paclobutrazol enantiomers were significantly different, the half‐lives of (2R, 3R)‐paclobutrazol (R‐paclobutrazol) and (2S, 3S)‐paclobutrazol (S‐paclobutrazol) were 18.24 and 6.19 d, respectively. Besides, the conversion between the two enantiomers could also be observed, and the conversion rate of R‐paclobutrazol to S‐paclobutrazol was slower than that of reverse process. In addition, from the analysis of 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing, we inferred that the degradation of paclobutrazol was probably due to the presence of Pseudomonas and Serratia. Moreover, there has a significant difference in biological activity between R‐paclobutrazol and S‐paclobutrazol and shown an obviously enantiomeric effects on microbial community composition of pickling system. Besides, the analysis of microbial community displayed R‐paclobutrazol might inhibit the growth of Erwinia (a sort of plant pathogens). Results from this study served to enhance our understanding of chiral pesticide residues on food safety and the potential risks to human health.
Trust evaluation of health websites by eliminating phishing websites and using similarity techniques
Authors: Gupta Sarika , Bansal Himani
Published: March 2023

Every user uses a search engine to find health information from websites. Content‐rich health websites are considered in our research as wrong information in these websites can threaten life. Search engines give a list of URLs related to their search keyword. Generally, the user follows the top websites displayed by the search engine. Newly constructed websites do not have ratings, hit counts, and reviews. The search engine does not display newly constructed websites in their top rank. In such a case, the newly constructed website with the same content as the website displayed at the top of the search engine loses the user's trust. Another problem is; the phishing website URLs are also displayed by the Google Search engine, which appear similar to the genuine websites. To solve the problem and enhance the trust of health websites which is not at the top of the search engine among users, we have proposed an approach that extracts all URLs based on the keyword. It identifies all legitimate URLs using a Machine Learning classifier. Address bar features, Domain name features, HTML, and JavaScript features were identified for the dataset of getting legitimate URLs. Three classifiers (Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine) were trained and evaluated. Decision Tree has the highest training accuracy, 94.125, testing accuracy, 92.75, and precision score of 96.97. The cross‐validation score of all three models is almost 93. Therefore, Decision tree is used to identify legitimate websites. After getting the list of legitimate URLs, all the content of the legitimate website is extracted. A Semantic Similarity between top‐rank legitimate website content and legitimate websites is found using Natural language processing techniques. Then the websites are ranked based on similarity and the value of the trust is assigned from highly trustable to less trustable. We have compared and correlated our results with the Web of Trust, a reputation tool for trust analysis, and have achieved a positive correlation. Thus, our approach removes phishing websites and enhances the trust in other websites that are not at the top of the search engine.
Electrochemistry‐Driven Interphase Doubly Protects Graphite Cathodes for Ultralong Life and Fast Charge of Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Kejia , Li Decheng , Shao Jie , Jiang Yu , Lv Linze , Shi Qiang , Qu Qunting , Zheng Honghe
Published: March 2023

Dual‐ion batteries (DIBs) with graphite as cathode material, show superiority in terms of sustainability, affordability, and environmental impact over Li‐ion batteries that rely on transition‐metal based cathodes. However, graphite cathodes severely suffer from poor structural stability during anion storage at high potentials because of the co‐intercalation and oxidative decomposition of electrolytes. This work presents an in situ electrochemistry‐driven route to create a bifunctional interphase through implantation of diethylenetriaminepenta(methylene‐phosphonic acid) (DTPMP) on the surface of graphite particles. The reaction mechanisms and functions of DTPMP are investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The DTPMP‐derived interphase not only improves the antioxidative stability of electrolytes but also benefits the desolvation of PF6− anions, which doubly protect the graphitic structure and give rise to fast‐charge and ultralong cycling performance of graphite cathodes in DIBs.
In‐depth metabolic study of nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator GSK2881078 in thoroughbred horses and horse liver microsomes for doping control
Authors: Karatt Tajudheen K. , Sathiq M. Anwar , Laya Saraswathy , Kal Abdul Khader Karakka , Subhahar Michael Benedict , Muhammed Ajeebsanu M. P. , Philip Moses , Caveney Marina Rodriguez , Graiban Fatma Mohammed
Published: March 2023

Nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are a novel class of compounds that have not yet been clinically approved; however, they appear to have a better anabolic/androgenic ratio than steroids and cause slighter side effects. Sports drug testing laboratories are required to maintain continuously updated doping control analytical methods in light of the widespread misuse of SARMs in elite and amateur sports. This paper describes the metabolic conversion of SARM GSK2881078 in thoroughbred horses following oral administration and in vitro with equine liver microsomes. A liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry method was used to postulate the plausible structures of the detected metabolites. A total of five (M1–M5) in vivo metabolites and six (M1–M6) in vitro metabolites were detected under experimental conditions. Phase I metabolites mainly result from hydroxylation. Methoxylated and side‐chain dissociated metabolites were also detected. Neither sulfonic acid nor glucuronic acid conjugated metabolites were observed in this study. Data reported here could aid in the detection of nonsteroidal SARM GSK2881078 and reveal its illicit use in competitive sports.
Temporal stability of the hybrid zone between Calocitta magpie‐jays revealed through comparison of museum specimens and iNaturalist photos
Authors: Pizarro Alana K. , DeRaad Devon A. , McCormack John E.
Published: March 2023

Hybrid zones are natural experiments for the study of avian evolution. Hybrid zones can be dynamic, moving as species adjust to new climates and habitats, with unknown implications for species and speciation. There are relatively few studies that have comparable modern and historic sampling to assess change in hybrid zone location and width over time, and those studies have generally found mixed results, with many hybrid zones showing change over time, but others showing stability. The white‐throated magpie‐jay (Calocitta formosa) and black‐throated magpie‐jay (Calocitta colliei) occur along the western coast of Mexico and Central America. The two species differ markedly in throat color and tail length, and prior observation suggests a narrow hybrid zone in southern Jalisco where individuals have mixed throat color. This study aims to assess the existence and temporal stability of this putative hybrid zone by comparing throat color between georeferenced historical museum specimens and modern photos from iNaturalist with precise locality information. Our results confirm the existence of a narrow hybrid zone in Jalisco, with modern throat scores gradually increasing from the parental ends of the cline toward the cline center in a sigmoidal curve characteristic of hybrid zones. Our temporal comparison suggests that the hybrid zone has not shifted its position between historical (pre‐1973) and modern (post‐2005) time periods—a surprising result given the grand scale of habitat change to the western Mexican lowlands during this time. An anomalous pocket of white‐throated individuals in the northern range of the black‐throated magpie‐jay hints at the possibility of prehistorical long‐distance introduction. Future genomic data will help disentangle the evolutionary history of these lineages and better characterize how secondary contact is affecting both the DNA and the phenotype of these species.
Ecological restoration using intertidal foundation species: Considerations and potential for rockweed restoration
Authors: Whitaker Stephen G. , Ambrose Richard F. , Anderson Laura M. , Fales Robin J. , Smith Jayson R. , Sutton Sierra , Miller Robert J.
Published: March 2023

Foundation species, such as trees, corals, grasses, oysters, and rockweeds, must be common and abundant to effectively modify the physical environment and increase biodiversity by buffering environmental stress. Yet many of these important species have been declining due to disease, climate change, and other factors. A prime example is the precipitous population decline of marine rockweeds, which is attributed to increased urbanization and its accompanying impacts. Rockweeds provide three‐dimensional habitat in harsh rocky intertidal environments and regulate ecosystem functioning, essential roles that no substitute species are capable of filling. Recovery of impacted rockweed populations is typically slow and unpredictable due to their limited dispersal capacity. These issues have motivated efforts to conserve remaining populations of rockweeds and reestablish or enhance depleted ones. Successfully doing so requires a robust understanding of factors that affect survival of the species and the processes that influence ecosystem structure, along with rigorous scientific testing of restoration methods and the factors that affect restoration success. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the current knowledge of rockweed ecology, highlight studies that could inform restoration practices, and recommend ways to improve our ability to implement scalable restoration of rockweeds and accompanying ecosystem‐wide benefits.
3D printing flexible supercapacitors based on crosslinked poly (acrylic acid‐co‐vinylimidazole)
Authors: Wang Yuyang , Auad Maria L. , Beckingham Bryan S.
Published: March 2023

Supercapacitors are an attractive technology for energy storage applications as they allow for fast charging of devices. The fabrication of flexible supercapacitors by additive manufacturing is a promising approach to produce energy storage components for applications where material flexibility and complex geometries are desirable. In this work, digital light projection (DLP) additive manufacturing is used to fabricate polymer electrolytes for flexible supercapacitors based on crosslinked poly(acrylic acid‐co‐vinylimidazole) (PAAVim). Ion gels are prepared through equilibration with 4M lithium chloride (LiCl) in ethylene glycol, deionized (DI) water and ethylene glycol/DI water mixtures. Flexibility and stretchability varied depending on the equilibration solvent with prepared PAAVim/LiCl polymer electrolytes exhibiting up to ˜700% elongation at break. Subsequent flexible supercapacitors fabricated by sandwiching the ion gel between carbon cloth electrodes delivered 60 F/g specific capacitance at the scan rate of 0.2 A/g with an energy density of 8.3 Wh/kg and a power density of 99.8 W/kg. Overall, this work demonstrates the fabrication of flexible capacitors through DLP additive manufacturing, where the resulting material physical and electrochemical properties can be varied through control over the resin chemistry.
Simulation‐based multiobjective management of transient heating process of solid oxide fuel cell
Authors: Hami Masoud , Mahmoudimehr Javad
Published: March 2023

A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) needs to be heated to an appropriate temperature (around 600°C) before it is switched to start‐up mode. A fast heat‐up process, which is naturally of interest, can cause high temperature gradients inside the SOFC and the subsequent problems of cracking and delamination. Therefore, in order for the heat‐up process to be efficiently managed, the opposing objectives (heat‐up duration and temperature gradient) have to be considered simultaneously. The present study investigates the influences of the type of temperature rise function and the average rate of temperature rise (ARTR) on each objective (heat‐up duration and temperature gradient). Beside the simple linear temperature rise function of heating fluid considered in previous studies, some innovative nonlinear functions are also introduced and examined in the present study. The results indicate that the rotated‐exponential temperature function with an ARTR of 5 K s−1 and the linear temperature function with an ARTR of 0.1 K s−1 are the best choices in terms of heat‐up duration and temperature gradient, respectively. This study also attempts to make a compromise between the two objectives and introduces the rotated‐quadratic temperature function with an ARTR of 0.4 K s−1 as a representative trade‐off solution.
Prediction of voluntary movements of the upper extremities by resting state‐brain regional glucose metabolism in patients with chronic severe brain injury: A pilot study
Authors: Yamaki Tomohiro , Hatakeyama Naoya , Murayama Takemi , Funakura Mika , Hara Takuya , Onodera Shinji , Ito Daisuke , Yakufujiang Maidinamu , Odaki Masaru , Oka Nobuo , Kobayashi Shigeki
Published: March 2023

Confirmation of the exact voluntary movements of patients with disorder of consciousness following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is difficult because of the associated communication disturbances. In this pilot study, we investigated whether regional brain glucose metabolism assessed by 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) at rest could predict voluntary movement in severe TBI patients, particularly those with sufficient upper limb capacity to use communication devices. We visually and verbally instructed patients to clasp or open their hands. After video capture, three independent rehabilitation therapists determined whether the patients' movements were voluntary or involuntary. The results were compared with the standardized uptake value in the primary motor cortex, referring to the Penfield's homunculus, by resting state by FDG‐PET imaged 1 year prior. Results showed that glucose uptake in the left (p = 0.0015) and right (p = 0.0121) proximal limb of the primary motor cortex, based on Penfield's homunculus on cerebral cartography, may reflect contralateral voluntary movement. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that a mean cutoff standardized uptake value of 5.47 ± 0.08 provided the best sensitivity and specificity for differentiating between voluntary and involuntary movements in each area. FDG‐PET may be a useful and robust biomarker for predicting long‐term recovery of motor function in severe TBI patients with disorders of consciousness.
General Report of Congress Question 62: What role can information and communication technology play in travelling the last mile (i.e., the greater adoption of research outputs)?
Authors: Hayes Peter
Published: March 2023

This congress question presented opportunity for focussing on ways in which information and communications technologies (ICT) might facilitate the evaluation, adaptation and uptake of research outputs rather than simply demonstrating such potential or speculating on how/when/where such potential might be realized. A broad array of technical and software‐based approaches were presented, while relatively few authors addressed the challenges associated with the socio‐economic and infrastructure challenges related to effective adoption of innovative ICT. Recommendations are made regarding potential future approaches to address these critical issues.
Research on motor fault recognition based on multi‐sensor fusion
Authors: Liu Peijia
Published: March 2023

With the rapid development of new energy and power technology, motors are widely used in daily life. The fault recognition of motor can effectively reduce the economic loss and the threat to personnel safety. In recent years, motor fault detection based on deep learning has made remarkable achievements. But these methods only use one modality, such as voltage or current signals. However, multi‐modal information fusion can make full use of the complementarity between different modes to effectively improve performance. To this end, this paper proposes a new deep network to leverage multi‐modal fusion for motor fault recognition. Specifically, we use different sensors to simultaneously collect the sequence signals, including voltage, current and vibration signals. To explore the relationship of intra‐modality, we design a Transformer‐based deep model by exploiting the multi‐head attention mechanism. To mine the inter‐modality relationships, we use the cross‐attention mechanism. All the experimental results show that the performance of the proposed deep model is better than other deep sequence models in motor fault detection.
Applying the evolutionary theory of behavior dynamics to model the subtypes of automatically reinforced self‐injurious behavior
Authors: Morris Samuel L. , Lucia Sarah M.
Published: March 2023

The delineation of the subtypes of automatically reinforced self‐injurious behavior improved the utility of functional analysis results in predicting treatment efficacy. However, the mechanisms underlying subtype differences remain unclear and difficult to study in clinical populations. Morris and McDowell (2021) attempted to elucidate subtype differences by developing and evaluating models of the subtypes within the evolutionary theory of behavior dynamics. In the current study, we applied techniques from precision medicine to further evaluate the models developed by Morris and McDowell. This evaluation highlighted shortcomings of the existing models and suggested ways they could be improved. Thus, we conducted more extended modeling within the framework of precision medicine to identify models that were more quantitatively similar to available clinical data. Improved models that more closely approximate clinical data were identified. The implications of these models for research, practice, and further applications of the evolutionary theory of behavior dynamics are discussed.
Unlocking learner potential: A course director's experience building an Educational Escape Room for Cancer Risk Assessment
Authors: Reiser Gwen
Published: March 2023

Using a traditional lecture format alone often limits students' opportunities to engage with and apply the concepts taught in a classroom. This report describes the design, curricular implementation, and application of an innovative educational escape room as an active learning tool for genetic counselor educators to teach cancer risk assessment skills. A Cancer Risk Assessment Escape Room is a novel way to offer experiential learning and to assess a learner's critical thinking and ability to apply cancer risk assessment models to evolving clinical scenarios. This successful implementation of an interactive escape room can be adapted to other genetic counseling competencies. The use of an escape room allows learners to actively engage in and apply content taught in lectures before entering clinical internships.
What are the indications and survivorship of tumor endoprosthetic reconstructions for patients with extremity metastatic bone disease?
Authors: Kendal Joseph K. , Hamad Christopher D. , Abbott Annalise G. , Greig Danielle , Trikha Rishi , Christ Alexander B. , Wessel Lauren E. , Puloski Shannon K. T. , Monument Michael J. , Bernthal Nicholas M.
Published: March 2023

Background and Objectives

Given advances in therapies, endoprosthetic reconstruction (EPR) in metastatic bone disease (MBD) may be increasingly indicated. The objectives were to review the indications, and implant and patient survivorship in patients undergoing EPR for MBD.

Methods

A review of patients undergoing EPR for extremity MBD between 1992 and 2022 at two centers was performed. Surgical data, implant survival, patient survival, and implant failure modes were examined.

Results

One hundred fifteen patients were included with a median follow‐up of 14.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.2–19.3) and survival of 19.4 months (95% CI: 13.6–26.1). The most common diagnosis was renal cell carcinoma (34/115, 29.6%) and the most common location was proximal femur (43/115, 37.4%). Indications included: actualized fracture (58/115, 50.4%), impending fracture (30/115, 26.1%), and failed fixation (27/115, 23.5%). Implant failure was uncommon (10/115, 8.7%). Patients undergoing EPR for failed fixation were more likely to have renal or lung cancer (p = 0.006).

Conclusions

EPRs were performed most frequently for renal cell carcinoma and in patients with a relatively favorable survival. EPR was indicated for failed previous fixation in 23.5% of cases, emphasizing the importance of predictive survival modeling. EPR can be a reliable and durable surgical option for patients with MBD.
Quality of life in patients with scabies: A cross‐sectional study using Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire
Authors: Paudel Sushil , Pudasaini Prajwal , Adhikari Sadiksha , Pradhan Manish Bhakta , Shekhar Babu K. C.
Published: March 2023

Background

Scabies is one of the most common causes of dermatology outpatient visits. Scabies can cause significant impairment in quality of life of patients.

Methods

All consenting patients with Scabies presenting to the clinic from April 2021 to April 2022 were enrolled in this observational study. Clinical evaluation for scabies, sites involved and patient demographics was recorded. All participants were asked to complete the Nepali Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire.

Results

This study included 119 patients. Of these, 76.5% were males, 61.3% were living single and 57.1% were students. The mean age of the study population was 24.69 ± 8.74 years. Almost half of the patients (42.8%) had had scabies for more than 1 month; a similar number of patients had at least one other member of the family with similar symptoms. The overall impairment in quality of life (QoL) was ‘very large’ with a total DLQI score of 12.91 ± 5.93.

Conclusions

Scabies exerts a strong impact on the quality of life of patients. Our study showed that almost half of the patients had a disease duration of more than 1 month.
Clinical evaluation of a novel multipoint radiofrequency ablation device to treat chronic rhinitis
Authors: Reh Douglas D. , Lay Kristopher , Davis Greg , Dubin Marc G. , Yen David M. , O'Malley Ellen M. , Sillers Michael
Published: March 2023

Objective

Safety and efficacy of the NEUROMARK® system for treating chronic rhinitis.

Methods

A prospective, single‐arm, multicenter study was performed on adults with chronic rhinitis who underwent radiofrequency ablation to the posterior nasal nerves. Primary endpoints were device‐related serious adverse events (SAEs) at 1 month and change from baseline in visual analog scale nasal symptom scale (VAS NSS) for rhinorrhea and nasal congestion at 3 months. Total nasal symptom score (rTNSS) and mini Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (mini RQLQ) score were also evaluated.

Results

Thirty‐six participants were enrolled and completed follow‐up at 1 and 3 months. Mean VAS NSS scores for rhinorrhea and nasal congestion demonstrated significant improvement at 3 months (both p < .0001). The mean percent changes from baseline in VAS rhinorrhea and nasal congestion were 53% and 55%, respectively. Total scores and all individual rTNSS items significantly improved (all p < .001) over the measured interval. Percent responder rate (≥30% reduction from baseline in total rTNSS) at 3 months was 78%. The total mean mini RQLQ scores, as well as all subdomains, improved significantly (all p < .0001). At 3 months, 89% of participants reported a minimal clinically important difference of ≥0.4 point improvement in the mini RQLQ score. No SAEs occurred during the study.

Conclusions

The NEUROMARK System is a novel radiofrequency ablation device that provides safe and effective treatment to the posterior nasal nerves for patients with chronic rhinitis. Study participants experienced statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in symptoms and quality of life assessments at 3 months post‐procedure.

Trial Registration

The study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov with the unique identifier of NCT05324397.

Level of Evidence

4.
Photothermally Induced Birefringence in an Optical Nanofiber for All‐Optical Polarization Manipulation
Authors: Qi Yun , Liao Hanyu , Ho Hoi Lut , Jin Wei
Published: March 2023

This study reports the experimental observation of photothermally induced birefringence (PIB) in an optical nanofiber (NF). The PIB originates from the interaction between the azimuthally asymmetric evanescent field of a guided pump beam in mode and the gas molecules surrounding the NF. Light absorption of gas molecules results in azimuthal inhomogeneity in gas density, which induces birefringence of the NF waveguide. The swift heat transfer and molecular transportation in sub‐micrometer scale accounts for the fast response of the PIB with a measured rising and falling time within 9 and 70 ns, respectively. With a 12‐mm‐long NF, phase retardance as large as 3π is achieved. A theoretical model based on the rate equation is also developed for studying the photothermal dynamics and gas kinetics in PIB generation. This novel model is well consolidated by the numerical simulations, with the results agreeing well with the experiments. In consideration of the extremely low insertion loss, fast response, and reconfigurable principal axes of birefringence, the PIB can be used for all‐optical polarization manipulation. In addition, NF with PIB can also be an interesting platform for studies of gas–surface interaction, light–sound interaction controlling, sub‐micrometer scale heat and mass transfer, and molecular spectroscopy.
Local Chain Dynamics in Polyelectrolyte Multilayers of Chitosan and Spin‐Labeled Poly(ethylene‐alt‐maleic acid)
Authors: Lappan Uwe , Naas Carolin , Scheler Ulrich
Published: March 2023

The cationic charged chitosan and the weak polyacid poly(ethylene‐alt‐maleic acid) are used to build polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs). To study the rotational dynamics of the polymer backbone in the swollen state of the PEMs using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, a nitroxide spin‐label is covalently attached to the polyacid. It is found that spectra of PEMs with even number of layers show a superposition of two spectral components: a major, slow‐motion component, which arises from chain segments intrinsically compensated by protonated amino groups of the chitosan, and a minor, fast‐motion component, which is assumed to originate from loops and tails of the polyacid chain located at the surface of the PEMs. The dissociated acid groups in the loops and tails are extrinsically compensated by small counterions and the rotational mobility of these chain segments is consequently much higher compared to chain segments interacting with the oppositely charged chitosan.
Regular solutions for nonlinear elliptic equations, with convective terms, in Orlicz spaces
Authors: Barletta G. , Tornatore E.
Published: March 2023

We establish some existence and regularity results to the Dirichlet problem, for a class of quasilinear elliptic equations involving a partial differential operator, depending on the gradient of the solution. Our results are formulated in the Orlicz–Sobolev spaces and under general growth conditions on the convection term. The sub‐ and supersolutions method is a key tool in the proof of the existence results.
Novel druggable mechanism of Parkinson's disease: Potential therapeutics and underlying pathogenesis based on ferroptosis
Authors: Jiang Xiaoying , Wu Kaiyu , Ye Xiang‐Yang , Xie Tian , Zhang Pengfei , Blass Benjamin E. , Bai Renren
Published: March 2023

Genetics, age, environmental factors, and oxidative stress have all been implicated in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, a complete understanding of its pathology remains elusive. At present, there is no cure for PD, and currently available therapeutics are insufficient to meet patient needs. Ferroptosis, a distinctive iron‐dependent cell death mode characterized by lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, has pathophysiological features similar to those of PD, including iron accumulation, reactive oxygen species‐induced oxidative damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Ferroptosis has been identified as a specific pathway of neuronal death and is closely related to the pathogenesis of PD. Despite the similarities in the biological targets involved in PD pathogenesis and ferroptosis, the relationship between novel targets in PD and ferroptosis has been neglected in the literature. In this review, the mechanism of ferroptosis is discussed, and the potential therapeutic targets implicated in both PD and ferroptosis are compared. Furthermore, the anti‐PD effects of several ferroptosis inhibitors, as well as clinical studies thereof, and the identification of novel lead compounds for the treatment of PD and the inhibition of ferroptosis are reviewed. It is hoped that this review can promote research to further elucidate the relationship between ferroptosis and PD and provide new strategies for the development of novel ferroptosis‐targeting PD therapy.
Expanded access protocol (EAP) program for access to investigational products for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Authors: Yerton Megan , Winter Allison , Gelevski Dario , Addy Grace , Kostov Anthony , Lieberman Cassandra , Weber Harli , Doyle Michael , Kane Geli , Cohen Caroline , Parikh Neil , Burke Katherine M. , Rohrer Margot , Stirrat Taylor , Bruno Margaret , Hochman Alison , Luppino Sarah , Scalia Jennifer , D'Agostino Derek , Sinani Ervin , Yu Hong , Drake Kristin , Hagar Jennifer , Sherman Alexander V. , Babu Suma , Berry James D. , Cudkowicz Merit E. , Paganoni Sabrina
Published: March 2023

Introduction/Aims

Expanded access protocols (EAPs) are a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐regulated pathway for granting access to investigational products (IPs) to individuals with serious diseases who are ineligible for clinical trials. There is limited information about the use of EAPs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); the aim of this report is to share the design, operational features, and costs of an EAP program for ALS.

Methods

The program was launched in 2018 at a single center. In alignment with FDA guidance, protocols were designed as individual (single participant) or intermediate size. Inclusion criteria were broad (e.g., no restrictions due to long disease duration or low vital capacity). Safety information was collected in all EAPs. Selected biomarkers were collected in nine of the EAPs.

Results

From July 2018 through February 2022, 17 EAPs were submitted for FDA and institutional review board (IRB) approval. The mean time from submission to approval from the FDA and IRB were 24 days and 37 days, respectively. A total of 164 participants were enrolled and, of these, 77 participants were still receiving IP as of February 2022. The mean duration of participation in an EAP was 12.6 mo. No drug‐related serious adverse events were reported from any of the EAPs. Average site cost was $613.47 per participant per month, not including IP costs.

Conclusion

EAPs provide a framework through which access to IP can be safely provided to people with ALS who do not qualify for clinical trials. Site resources are needed to launch and maintain these programs.
Outcome in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Al‐Zuhairy Ali , Jakobsen Johannes
Published: March 2023

Introduction/Aims

Outcomes in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) have been reported in longitudinal and cross‐sectional studies. A considerable variation in long‐term disease outcome has appeared in those reports. To overcome this uncertainty, a systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted on CIDP outcomes, including the parameters of case fatality rate, ambulation, physical ability, and remission.

Methods

In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed and EMBASE (OVID) for reports with at least 2 years of follow‐up on patients with active or previously active CIDP that were published no later than May 12, 2022. Studies were appraised for quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for studies reporting prevalence data. Pooled analyses were conducted and the results were visualized using forest plots. The study protocol was registered prospectively on PROSPERO (CRD42021266903).

Results

A total of 1290 titles were identified. Sixty‐nine full‐text articles were screened and 21 studies with 1199 patients were selected for the data analysis. The pooled case fatality rate was 3.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9% to 5.7%). The pooled fraction of nonambulatory patients was 8.2% (95% CI, 5.7% to 11.6%) and, overall, 47.1% (95% CI, 39.5% to 54.9%) of CIDP patients had a good outcome without disability. The pooled rate of remission was 40.8% (95% CI, 30.6% to 51.8%).

Discussion

Future research is warranted on how to prevent long‐term impairment in CIDP. Care should be taken in developing clinical strategies to avoid immunomodulating therapy in the many patients in remission.
Development of a risk assessment scale for use by nurses to assess the risk of deep vein thrombosis in gynaecology in China: A Delphi‐based study
Authors: Long Yun , He Fang , Zhu Shening , Zhu Wenfeng , Dong Mengzhen , Li Xiaoying
Published: March 2023

Aim

Risk assessment models for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) used worldwide are based on multidisciplinary data from Western countries. We aimed to establish a DVT risk assessment model that is applicable to Chinese patients with gynaecological conditions.

Design

A risk assessment tool for DVT in gynaecology using the Delphi method.

Methods

A three‐round Delphi study was conducted among experts who were asked to rate the importance of each risk factor in the Caprini scale. The consensus for each item was defined as a mean rating of >3 and a coefficient of variation (CV) of <0.5 in the first round, as CV <0.3 in the second round.

Results

Eleven experts participated in the Delphi method, with a response rate of 100%. Kendall's coefficients of concordance (W) were 0.264 and 0.322 in the first and second rounds, respectively (p < 0.001). The DVT risk assessment scale includes 8 dimensions and 34 items.
Design of thermal conductive polymer composites with precisely controlling graphene nanoplatelets at the interface of polypropylene and high melt strength polypropylene via elongation flow
Authors: Chen Jiahuan , Chen Yirong , Zhang Jingjing , Wang Pengkui , Wang Dehe , Ye Weihong , Chen Anfu , Lei Caihong , Yin Zhansong
Published: March 2023

The migration and selective localization of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in a polypropylene/high melt strength polypropylene (PP/HMSPP) blend under elongational and shear forces are studied. The effects of elongational flow upon the elongational rheology, X‐ray diffraction patterns, thermal properties, and mechanical properties are investigated. The results show that the elongational viscosity and melt strength of HMSPP are higher than those of PP under elongational flow, whereby HMSPP shows elongational strain hardening behavior, and the migrating of GNPs from the PP to the HMSPP phase is hindered. As a result, the GNPs are constrained to remain at the interface between the two phases. In addition, the elongational force can exfoliate GNPs more effectively, and the orientation of GNPs along the phase interface will reduce the migration rate of GNPs at the interface, while precisely controlling the location of the GNPs at the phase interface. Thus, more thermal conductivity pathways are constructed and, hence, the thermal conductivity of the PP/HMSPP/GNPs composite prepared under elongational flow is higher than that prepared under shear flow. The present work provides a new method for the preparation of highly thermally conductive polymer composites.
A Mathematical Mindset Scale using the positive norms
Authors: Im Seongah , Park Hye‐Jin
Published: March 2023

Growth mindset in mathematics is an approach to teaching mathematics, believing that students' abilities can be developed with efforts, strategies, and support. With a sample of 178 middle school students, this study proposed a scale for mathematical mindset utilizing Boaler's positive norms in teaching mathematics and collected evidence for initial validation. The scale was unidimensional and reliable. Specifically, it was highly reliable for middle to low mathematical mindset levels. However, measurement precision was not as desirable in assessing high‐level mathematical mindset. The convergent and discriminant evidence was established in relation to growth mindset, math anxiety, and math engagement. Item response theory analysis showed that the response categories properly gauged different levels of mathematical mindset. In sum, the results supported the scale to be a psychometrically sound measure of mathematical mindset. Implications for future studies and proper use of the scale were further discussed.
Design, synthesis, crystal structure, and antimicrobial activities of new quinazoline derivatives containing both the sulfonate ester and piperidinylamide moieties
Authors: Li Pei‐Jia , Yan Ya , Wu Nan , Yang Ye‐Hui , An Lian , Tian Guang‐Min , Bao Xiao‐Ping
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

To discover more efficient antimicrobial agents in agriculture, a series of new quinazoline derivatives bearing both sulfonate ester and piperidine‐4‐carboxamide moieties were synthesized and assessed for their antimicrobial effects.

RESULTS

All of the target compounds were fully characterized by proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), carbon‐13 (13C) NMR, and high‐resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS), and compound III‐6 containing a 3‐bromophenyl substituent was clearly confirmed via single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The bioassay results indicated that some compounds displayed noticeable inhibitory effects in vitro against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc). Further measurements of median effective concentration (EC50) values showed that compound III‐17 bearing a 4‐methoxyphenyl group had the best anti‐Xoc efficacy (EC50 = 12.4 μg mL−1), far better than the commercialized bismerthiazol (77.5 μg mL−1). Moreover, this compound also demonstrated good protection and curative activities in vivo against rice bacterial leaf streak caused by Xoc.

CONCLUSION

Compound III‐17 had a good potential for further development as a new bactericide for controlling Xoc. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.