bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Reordering Technique for Incomplete Factorization GMRES Preconditioning: Application in Load Flow Problems
Authors: Onoda Pessanha Jose Eduardo , Portugal Carlos Enrique , Saavedra Osvaldo R.
Published: April 2011

This paper proposes and tests strategies to accomplish high quality incomplete triangular factors (ILU) preconditioners for iteratively solve the load flow sublinear problem. The process begins constructing the preconditioner over the reordered Jacobian matrix calculated in the first Newton iteration. If the iterative process does not start due to high inaccuracies and/or numerical stability problems emerged during the preconditioner construction, the solution process is restarted and the Jacobian matrix calculated in the first Newton iteration is preprocessed through scaling, nonsymmetric and symmetric (reordered) permutations, leading to a new and better quality preconditioner. Numerical experiments considering two Brazilian power system configurations (2256/3515 buses) operating under adverse conditions (heavy loaded) corroborate the efficiency of such strategies over the preconditioner quality improving the robustness of the iterative solution process. A LU preconditioner and a direct solver for comparison purposes are also considered.
Development of a Functional Beverage Formulation with High Protein Content, Inulin and Stevia
Authors: Rodriguez Furlán Laura T , Pérez Padilla Antonio , Campderros Mercedes
Published: April 2011

A beverage formulation with proteins of high quality, inulin, Stevia and C vitamin has been prepared. The protein source was bovine plasma which was concentrated and demineralized by a combined membrane methodologies as microfiltration, ultrafiltration and discontinues diafiltration. The use of inulin as protective agent to prevent protein concentrate denaturation during freeze-drying was assayed. The inulin is a versatile food ingredient and it also has health benefits. The powder obtained has improved sensory characteristic and high solubility. Stevia has been added as sweetness, being a low-carbohydrate, low-sugar food alternative. The formulation could be destined as protein supplement with functional properties or for special dietary use.
PROGRAM EXTENSION FOR DIAGRAM MAPS / PROGRAMŲ PRIEDAI DIAGRAMŲ ŽEMĖLAPIAMS KURTI / ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ К ПРОГРАММАМ ДЛЯ СОЗДАНИЯ ДИАГРАММНЫХ КАРТ
Authors: Dobesova Zdena , Valent Tomas
Published: April 2011

Absolute statistical data are very often expressed by a diagram in thematic maps. The ArcGIS 9 software from ESRI is commonly used for the production of cartographic output, but there are only a few possibilities for how to express data by diagram maps. A program extension called “Diagram map creator” was developed at the Department of Geoinformatics, Palacký University in 2010. This extension serves as a supplement for the automatic generation of various diagram maps. The program code, user interface and the possibilities of and the use of the “Diagram map creator” extension are presented in this article. Some examples of thematic maps are also shown.

Santrauka

Dažnai statistiniai duomenys teminiuose žemėlapiuose pristatomi diagramomis. ESRI kompanijos kompiuterinė programa ArcGIS 9 yra populiari kartografinei produkcijai kurti, tačiau joje numatyta tik kelios duomenų išraiškos diagramų žemėlapiuose galimybės. 2010 m. Palacký universito Geoinformatikos katedroje sukurtas programos priedas „Diagramų žemėlapių kūrimo priemonė” (Diagram map creator). Tai priedėlis įvairiems diagramų žemėlapiams kurti automatizuotai. Analizuojama programos pradinis tekstas, vartotojo aplinka ir taikymo galimybės. Pateikta keletas teminių žemėlapių pavyzdžių.

Резюме

Зачастую статистические данные на тематических картах представляются в виде диаграмм. Для создания картографической продукции популярна компьютерная программа ArcGIS 9, созданная компанией ESRI, однако в ней предусмотрено лишь несколько возможностей для представления данных на диаграммных картах. На кафедре геоинформатики университета в городе Оломоуце (Palacky University, Чехия) в 2010 г. было создано приложение к программе „Средство для создания диаграммных карт” (Diagram map creator). Это приложение для автоматизированного создания разных диаграммных карт. В статье проанализирован начальный текст программы, среда пользователя и возможности ее применения. Представлено несколько примеров тематических карт.
RADIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF RED FOX (VULPES VULPES) IN LITHUANIA / RUDŲJŲ LAPIŲ (VULPES VULPES) RADIOLOGINIAI TYRIMAI LIETUVOJE / РАДИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ РЫЖЕЙ ЛИСЫ (VULPES VULPES) В ЛИТВЕ
Authors: Idzelis Raimondas Leopoldas , Bolut Slavomir , Čepanko Violeta , Paliulis Dainius
Published: April 2011

The paper presents 40K and 137Cs activity concentrations in muscle, bones and liver of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) from eastern and northern Lithuania. The short description of the applied radiochemical method is given. Activity concentrations of 40K in muscle ranges between 46.06 ± 0.43 and 110.92 ± 4.5 Bq kg−1 (fw = fresh weight). Average content of radioactive Cs in muscle is on the level of 5.78 ± 0.29 Bq kg−1. No clear relationship observed among the radionuclide concentrations in liver. The analyzed test samples do not show elevated contamination levels when compared with results of bones of small animals (rodents or insectivorous mammals) determined previously, so no accumulation ofbone seeking isotopes on higher step of the trophic chain concluded. Santrauka Įvertintos 40K ir 137Cs aktyvumo koncentracijos, nustatytos rudųjų lapių (Vulpes vulpes) iš Rytų ir Šiaurės Lietuvos raumenyse, kauluose ir kepenyse. 40K koncentracijos raumenyse svyravo nuo 46,06 ± 0,43 iki 110,92 ± 4,5 Bq·kg–1 (FW = gyvojo svorio). 137Cs savitojo aktyvumo vidutinis lygis raumenyse siekė 5,78 ± 0,29 Bq kg–1(FW). Akivaizdžiõs priklausomybės tarp 40K ir 137Cs radionuklidų koncentracijų kepenyse nepastebėta. Mėginių analizės rezultatus palyginus su kitų autorių gautais mažų gyvūnų (graužikų ir vabzdžiaėdžių žinduolių) kaulų užtaršos duomenimis, užtaršos lygiai nebuvo dideli, todėl šioje tyrimų stadijoje išvadas apie radionuklidų izotopų kaupimosi dėsningumus viršutinėje mitybos grandinės pakopoje sunku daryti. Remiantis tyrimo duomenimis, galima teigti, kad 137Cs savitieji aktyvumai, nustatyti rudųjųlapių raumenyse, gali būti prognozuojami pagal 40K aktyvumus. Резюме Оценена активность и концентрация 40Kи 137Cs в мышцах, костях и печени рыжей лисы (Vulpes vulpes) ввосточной и северной частях Литвы. Представлено краткое описание применяемого радиохимического метода.Установлено, что концентрации 40K в мышцах колеблются от 46,06 ± 0,43 до 110,92 ± 4,5 Бк кг1 (FW = живого веса). Средние результаты 137Cs для мышц находятся на уровне 5,78 ± 0,29 (FW). Отсутствие четкой взаимосвязимежду концентрациями радионуклидов наблюдалось в печени. Результаты исследования не выявилиповышенного уровня загрязнения по сравнению с результатами анализа костей мелких животных (грызунов инасекомоядных млекопитающих), проведенного другими авторами, поэтому сделать заключение о накопленииизотопов костной массой на высшей ступени пищевой цепи не представляется возможным.
LABORATORY PROPAGATION OF CEUTHORRHYNCHIDIUS HORRIDUS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), AN INTRODUCED WEEVIL FOR BIOCONTROL OF CARDUUS THISTLES
Authors: Trumble J.T. , Kok L.T.
Published: April 2011

The development of Ceuthorrhynchidius horridus (Panzer) was observed on five diets consisting of less than 15% dry weight of host-plant material. Adult yields per inoculated larvae were low (less than 1%), although yields from uncontaminated last instars reached as high as 16.6%. Comparisons of diet versus plant-reared weevils showed that (1) larval weight gain at 28 days was significantly greater for plant-reared larvae, (2) plant-reared adults were significantly larger than diet-grown weevils, but there was no difference in fertility, and (3) egg size, viability, and first instar head capsule widths were not significantly different for progeny from diet and plant-reared weevils.
TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES TO DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH, ORGYIA PSEUDOTSUGATA (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE): II. RESIDUAL TOXICITY AND RAINFASTNESS
Authors: Robertson Jacqueline L. , Boelter Lucille M.
Published: April 2011

Fourth instar Douglas-fir tussock moth were used to assess the residual toxicity of 10 insecticides applied to Douglas-fir seedlings. Among the 10, carbaryl compared most favorably to DDT. Rainfastness of the insecticides was tested by means of a rainchamber. Permethrin, diflubenzuron, and carbaryl were least affected by simulated rainfall, while acephate and trichlorfon were seriously and adversely affected.
THE SEPARATION BAG — A NEW DEVICE TO AID IN COLLECTING INSECTS
Authors: Masner L. , Gibson G.A.P.
Published: April 2011

The favorite method of collecting insects is by sweeping, with the contents of the net either dumped en masse into a killing jar or individual specimens removed with an aspirator. In our collecting of Hymenoptera, however, both methods proved inefficient. When using an aspirator to remove specimens directly from an open sweep net many of the larger and swift flying insects escape almost immediately after the net has been opened and before the collector has managed to capture more than just a few. Furthermore, non-target organisms often are inadvertently collected in the rush, including undesirable groups such as spiders which invariably spin webs inside the aspirator and damage the specimens. These problems are overcome if the entire contents of the sweep net are dumped into a killing jar, but this method requires much additional work after the collecting day is over. The days entire collection must be taken back to the laboratory and sifted through to separate the insects from the debris. Without the aid of a microscope many of the microhymenoptera are easily overlooked, often almost indistinguishable from the debris when not moving. If an entire days sweepings has to be processed under a microscope this becomes tedious.
THE LARCH CASEBEARER (LEPIDOPTERA: COLEOPHORIDAE) AND ITS PARASITES: I. MAINTAINING YEAR-ROUND AVAILABILITY OF LARCH FOLIAGE AND THE CASEBEARER FOR PARASITE REARING
Authors: Ryan R. B.
Published: April 2011

Foliage on potted trees or cut branches of western larch, Larix occidentalis Nutt., served as food for rearing Coleophora laricella (Hbn.) during winter and spring. Potted trees were induced to flush by laboratory simulation of fall, winter, and spring to provide foliage the year around. The treatment was 2 months at a short-day photoperiod (SD = 12-h light: 12-h dark), followed by 2 months of darkness at 2 °C, then growth in a greenhouse at long day (LD = 18-h light: 6-h dark). C. laricella could be collected from the field for further rearing during much of the year. Year-round availability of all stages, however, was realized by rearings starting from laboratory-mated moths and eggs laid on potted trees. To promote continued development to the adult stage, a SD-LD-SD sequence of 6 weeks – 2 weeks – 3 weeks duration, then LD was imposed.
OLEORESIN CHARACTERISTICS AND SUSCEPTIBILITY OF FOUR SOUTHERN PINES TO SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) ATTACKS
Authors: Hodges John D. , Elam William W. , Watson William F. , Nebeker T. Evan
Published: April 2011

All four major southern pines can be killed by the southern pine beetle, but loblolly and shortleaf are much more susceptible than longleaf and slash. Oleoresin from more than 50 trees of each species was tested for composition and amount of monoterpenes and resin acids, viscosity, flow (rate, duration, and amount), and rate of crystallization. Discriminant function analyses were used to classify the loblolly and shortleaf trees as to probable resistance. The best classification used physical properties (total flow, flow rate, viscosity, time to crystallization). Supposedly resistant and susceptible trees were subjected to controlled attack, and the chemical and physical properties of four loblolly pines that survived natural attack were measured. Resistance is strongly related to the physical properties of the oleoresin, and can be predicted by these properties. Loblolly and shortleaf trees with “average” properties usually succumb to 100 or more attacks per sq. m of bark surface. Several trees classified as resistant survived a much higher rate of attack.
OVOVIVIPARITY AND NYMPHAL SEASONAL MOVEMENTS OF CALLIBAETIS SPP. (EPHEMEROPTERA: BAETIDAE) IN A POND IN SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC
Authors: Gibbs K. Elizabeth
Published: April 2011

Callibaetis ferrugineus (Walsh) and C. fluctuons (Walsh) nymphs moved from the shallow, peripheral area of a pond during the late summer and autumn to the deeper water where they overwintered. In the spring they returned to the peripheral area where they were found throughout the summer. C. ferrugineus and C. fluctuans are ovoviviparous. A relationship between ovoviviparity and seasonal movements of the nymphs is suggested.
WITHIN AND BETWEEN TREE VARIATION OF LIVE AND PARASITIZED DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH, ORYGIA PSEUDOTSUGATA (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE), COCOONS ON WHITE FIR IN CENTRAL CALIFORNIA AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR SAMPLING
Authors: Luck Robert F. , Dahlsten Donald L.
Published: April 2011

The distribution of Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (McD.), cocoons was studied within and between the crowns of white fir, Abies concolor ((Gord. and Glend.) Lindl.), at six locations in the central Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. The within tree, between tree, and between plot distribution of cocoons in the crown, categorized by sex, mortality (including parasitization), and stage (larva or pupa) were analyzed. Only cocoons containing female pupae varied in their distribution within the tree and they were concentrated in the bottom third of the live crown but their densities at any one level bore little relation to those in the other levels within the crown. Cocoon density varied significantly between plots and between trees within plots. Total parasitism did not vary significantly between plots. The variable within tree distribution of cocoons containing female pupae and their increased percentage parasitism relative to those containing male pupae, suggested that the live crown should be stratified. A sample unit consisting of two branches selected from the midpoint of each of the three crown levels (total: 6 branches) sampled approximately 5% of the live crown of white fir. The relation between the number of sample trees and mean cocoon density at three levels of precision is provided.
PEST STATUS AND ECONOMIC THRESHOLDS OF THE TARNISHED PLANT BUG, LYGUS LINEOLARIS (HEMIPTERA (HETEROPTERA): MIRIDAE), ON GREEN BEANS IN QUEBEC
Authors: Stewart R. K. , Khattat A. R.
Published: April 2011

Adult and nymphal populations of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), on “Contender” green beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., were sampled during the summers of 1971–1972. Sweep net and D-Vac® suction apparatus samples were taken concurrently, and both estimates were compared by regression analysis.

The tarnished plant bug reached levels above the economic injury levels for both early and late crops in 1971–1972. The economic threshold was determined as 0.5 insect/10 plants below the economic injury level.
FIELD CRICKETS (ORTHOPTERA: GRYLLIDAE) AS PREY OF THE TOAD BUFO MARINUS
Authors: Cade William H. , Rice Robin
Published: April 2011

During studies on different aspects of cricket (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) biology in Hawaii, we observed many toads, Bufo marinus (L.), in areas inhabited by the field crickets Teleogryllus oceanicus (Le Guillou) and Modicogryllus conspersus Walker. The research reported here was intended to determine if B. marinus is a predator of these crickets and, if so, the relative amount of predation on each. We also tested the possibility that B. marinus locates crickets by orienting to cricket acoustical signals.
GENETIC DIVERGENCE AMONG EASTERN NORTH AMERICAN CONE BEETLES,CONOPHTHORUS(COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: de Groot Peter , Harvey George T. , Roden Pat M.
Published: April 2011

Genetic divergence among populations of cone beetles,Conophthorus banksianaeMcPherson,C.coniperda(Schwarz), andC.resinosaeHopkins, was assessed by isozyme electrophoretic data. All but one of the eight loci examined were polymorphic, and one locus (Pgi) was sex-linked forC.coniperda. Genotype frequencies generally met Hardy-Weinberg expectations, and fixation index (FST) values indicated low-to-moderate genetic differences among conspecific populations. Fixed allele differences were detected at two loci, Pgi and Dia-2, which separatedC.resinosaefromC.coniperda, and thus confirmed their specific status established previously by morphological, karyological, and other biochemical characters. Electrophoretic data strongly suggestedC.coniperdadoes not attack red pine cones, andC.resinosaedoes not attack white pine cones. No diagnostic loci were found to separateC.resinosaefromC.banksianae. Phenetic clustering and pairwise comparisons of genetic distance coefficients indicated very little genetic divergence betweenC.resinosaeandC.banksianae. These data were interpreted as failing to reject the null hypothesis thatC.resinosaeandC.banksianaeare one species, an interpretation consistent with available taxonomic evidence from ecological, karyological, and other biochemical characters.
TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF RESOURCE USE AMONG NICROPHORUS CARRION BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SILPHIDAE) IN A SPHAGNUM BOG AND ADJACENT FOREST NEAR OTTAWA, CANADA
Authors: Beninger Clifford W. , Peck Stewart B.
Published: April 2011

This study examines reproductive resource acquisition and utilization among Nicrophorus carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae) in two different and adjacent habitats. The proportion of small carrion resource (dead mice, Mus musculus L.) used by Nicrophorus and other scavengers in a Sphagnum bog did not differ significantly from that used in a nearby forest. Among congeneric Nicrophorus, N. vespilloides Herbst reproduced on small carrion exclusively in the Sphagnum bog, whereas a closely related species, N. defodiens Mannerheim, reproduced only in the nearby mixed forest. Nicrophorus sayi Laporte, N. orbicollis Say, and N. tomentosus Weber were rarely associated with small carrion resource in the bog, and reproduced primarily in the forest during the spring, summer, and fall, respectively. A significant positive correlation between brood size and weight of larval carrion resource was found for N. vespilloides.
A SYNOPSIS OF THE WORLD FAUNA OFMYZOCALLIS(HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Richards W. R.
Published: April 2011

MyzocallisPasserini as here understood consists of the following 30 species:agrifolicolaRichards,asclepiadis(Monell),bella(Walsh),borneriStroyan,carpini(Koch),castanicolaBaker,coryli(Goeze),discolor(Monell),elliottiBoudreaux and Tissot,ephemerataRichards,exultansBoudreaux and Tissot,frisoniBoudreaux and Tissot,glandulosaHille Ris Lambers,granovskyiBoudreaux and Tissot,kuricola(Matsumura),longirostrisRichards,longiunguisBoudreaux and Tissot,melanoceraBoudreaux and Tissot,meridionalisGranovsky,mimicaRichards,multisetisBoudreaux and Tissot,myricae(Kaltenbach),occultaRichards,pepperiBoudreaux and Tissot,picta(Ferrari),punctata(Monell),rostropunctataRichards,spinosaBoudreaux and Tissot,tuberculataRichards,walshii(Monell). A key and notes on the distribution and relationships of each species are given. A host index has been compiled.
THE CHAITOPHORINAE OF CANADA (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Richards W. R.
Published: April 2011

This paper includes illustrations, descriptions, and keys to the following eight genera and 42 species:Atheroides serrulatusHaliday,Caricosipha paniculataeBÖrner,Chaetosiphella berlesei(del Guercio),Chaitophorus abditus(Hottes),Chaitophorus albicentrusnew species,Chaitophorus canensRichards,Chaitophorus crucis(Essig),Chaitophorus delicatusPatch,Chaitophorus longipesTissot,Chaitophorus knowltoniHille Ris Lambers,Chaitophorus macgillivrayaenew species,Chaitophorus macrostachyae(Essig),Chaitophorus minutus(Tissot),Chaitophorus monelli(Essig),Chaitophorus neglectusHottes and Frison,Chaitophorus nigraeOestlund,Chaitophorus nigricentrusnew species,Chaitophorus nodulosusRichards,Chaitophorus nudusRichards,Chaitophorus pallipesnew species,Chaitophorus populialbae(Boyer de Fonscolombe),Chaitophorus populicolaThomas,Chaitophorus populifolii(Essig),Chaitophorus pusillusHottes and Frison,Chaitophorus pustulatusHille Ris Lambers,Chaitophorus saliciniger(Knowlton),Chaitophorus versicolor(Koch),Chaitophorus viminalisMonell,Chaitophorus viminicolaHille Ris Lambers,Laingia psammaeTheobald,Periphyllus americanus(Baker),Periphyllus brevispinosusGillette and Palmer,Periphyllus californiensis(Shinji),Periphyllus lyropictus(Kessler),Periphyllus negundinis(Thomas),Periphyllus testudinacea(Fernie),Pseudopterocomma canadensisRichards,Pseudopterocomma hughi(MacGillivray),Sipha agropyrensis(Gillette),Sipha flava(Forbes),Sipha glyceriae(Kaltenbach),Sipha kurdjumoviMordwilko. A host index has been compiled from the material studied and the literature cited.
GUIDE TO THE GEOMETRIDAE OF CANADA (LEPIDOPTERA): II. SUBFAMILY ENNOMINAE.
Authors: McGuffin W.C.
Published: April 2011

This is the third in a series of manuals designed to facilitate the recognition of the Geometridae of Canada. In the introductory section key characters are given for the identification of Geometridae in adult, larval, and pupal stages. A generalized description of each stage is followed by a key to the subfamilies of the Geometridae and a synopsis of the characters of the Ennominae. Keys to the five parts of the Ennominae (sometimes broken down into tribes) as they are to be treated in this series of manuals are supplemented by text descriptions, line drawings, and colour photographs. The distribution of many of the 45 species is shown on 29 maps. These maps and the studies of the writer suggest the potential value of collecting along some of the major Canadian waterways, such as the Saskatchewan River. This along with collecting in the short-grass prairie and its stream beds in Alberta and Saskatchewan and faunal investigations in the northern end of the Appalachian Mountains in Quebec and New Brunswick should add much to our distribution records.On the basis of adult, larval, and pupal characters a phylogenetic chart of the boarmid group has been constructed.
A REVISION OF THE GENUSLORDITHONTHOMSON OF NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE)
Authors: Campbell J. M.
Published: April 2011

The species of the genusLordithonThomson (Staphylinidae: Tachyporinae) of North and Central America are revised. Thirty-seven species are recognized. Sixteen new species are described:scutellaris,appalachianusandnotabilisfrom eastern North America;difficilisandoregonusfrom the Pacific Northwest;fungicolatranscontinental in North America; andnubicola,dubius,newtoni,howdeni,ashei,hidalgoensis,antennatus,consors,blandus, andoreophilusfrom Mexico. The following species names are placed in synonymy:cascadensis hatchiMalkin (=cascadensisMalkin);cincticollisSay (=thoracicus thoracicusFabricius);occiduusCasey (=thoracicus thoracicusFabricius);alticolaSharp (=obliquusSharp);kelleyiMalkin (=bimaculatusCouper) andelefasBernhauer (=longicepsLeConte).L.venustusMelsheimer is reduced to a subspecies ofthoracicusFabricius. The speciesfestivusSharp,obliquusSharp,smithiBernhauer, andmexicanusBernhauer are transferred toLordithonfrom the genusBolitobius.Lordithon lunulatusis doubtfully recorded from North America for the first time.The usage of the generic group namesLordithonThomson,BolitobiusSamouelle,MegacronusStephens,BryocharisBoisduval and Lacordaire,Carphacisdes Gozis, andBolitobusTottenham is discussed. The genusLordithonis divided into two subgenera,LordithonThomson andBolitobusTottenham (notBolitobiusSamouelle). The male aedeagus and other major diagnostic characters are illustrated and the distribution of each species mapped.The speciesrubescensHatch,varionsHatch,fenderiHatch andbiseriatusMannerheim are transferred fromLordithonto the genusBryoporusKraatz.Lectotypes are designated for the following species:nigerGravenhorst,axillarisGravenhorst,festivusSharp,anticusHorn,poecilusMannerheim,facilisCasey,arizonensisBernhauer,obliquusSharp,alticolaSharp,smithiBernhauer,mexicanusBernhauer,cinctusGravenhorst,gentilisLeConte,elefasBernhauer androstratusLeConte. Neotypes were designated for:angularisSachse,trimaculatusSay,cincticollisSay,obsoletusSay andatricaudatusSay.
LA FAMILLE DES XIPHOCENTRONIDES (TRICHOPTERA: ANNULIPALPIA)
Authors: Schmid F.
Published: April 2011

La famille africaine, orientale et néotropicale des Xiphocentronides contient actuellement 11 espèces toutes classées dans le genre Xiphocentron Brauer. J'inclus dans cette famille les genres Melanotrichia Ulmer et Abaria Mosely et en décris quatre nouveaux, Proxiphocentron, Cnodocentron, Machairocentron et Drepanocentron. Xiphocentron est divisé en cinq sous-genres et Cnodocentron en deux. Septantetrois nouvelles espèces sont inclues dans ces nouveaux cadres génériques. Les nonante-trois espèces maintenant connues sont divisées en deux sous-familles de spécialisations très inégales.Les Xiphocentronides représentent une lignée d'origine orientale issue des Psychomyiides mais beaucoup plus spécialisée qu'elles. Fort intéressantes taxonomiquement, elles se prêtent mal aux spéculations phylétiques et pas volontiers aux reconstitutions zoogéographiques.
REVISION OF THE MACROPSINI AND NEOPSINI OF THE NEW-WORLD (RHYNCHOTA: HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE), WITH NOTES ON INTERSEX MORPHOLOGY
Authors: Hamilton K. G. A.
Published: April 2011

The Neopsini encompasses two genera, both exclusively Neotropical:NeopsisOman (5 species) andNollian. gen. (2 species).Neopsis amazonican. sp.,Neopsis tumidifronsn. sp.,Neopsis magnan. sp. (Brazil), andNollia rustican. sp. (Chile) are described, and the genera and species of the Neopsini are keyed.The New-World Macropsini encompasses five genera:PediopsisBurmeister (1 species),PediopsoidesMatsumura (2 species),ReticopsisHamilton (2 species),MacropsisLewis (55 species), andOncopsisBurmeister (36 species). Biological and morphological data are used to define the species in this taxonomically difficult tribe, with the result that 45 new species are described:Macropsis acapulco,M.dimorpha,M.igniscutellata,M.mexicana,M.oncopsimilis, andM.zebrafrom Mexico;Macropsis aureocephala,M.californiensis,M.ferrax,M.inversalis,M.palustris,M.pulchra,Oncopsis arizona,O.aureostria, andReticopsis udrobatesfrom southern California and Arizona;Oncopsis insignifica,O.mica, andO.tangentafrom Utah;Macropsis borealis,M.rufescens,Oncopsis albicollis,O.incidens,O.interior,O.juno,O.marilynae,O.monticola, andO.tenuifoliaefrom northwestern North America;Macropsis dixiensisandO.infumatafrom southeastern North America;Macropsis decisa,M.jocosa,M.microceps,M.tunicata,M.xena,Oncopsis citrella,O.concurrens,O.dentata,O.deluda,O.prolixa,O.quebecensis, andO.vartyifrom northeastern North America; andMacropsis deviridis,Oncopsis citra,O.crispae, andO.prairianafrom Canada. Five new subspecies are described:O.cinctifrons kootenensis,O.prairiana ferrosus, andO.prairiana occidentalis, all from southern British Columbia;Oncopsis nigrinasi floridafrom Florida; andMacropsis deviridis albertafrom western Canada. Five new synonymies are created. Keys to all taxa, host associations, and distribution maps are provided and the colour phases of the various polymorphic species are analyzed.The morphology and significance of intersex individuals ofOncopsisspp. are discussed.
CLASSIFICATION OF FINAL-INSTAR LARVAE OF THE ICHNEUMONINAE (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE)
Authors: Gillespie David R. , Finlayson Thelma
Published: April 2011

Characteristics of cephalic structures, spiracles, and skins of final-instar larvae of 42 species of 24 genera of the subfamily Ichneumoninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) are described and illustrated and keys are given for the separation of tribes, genera, and species. An additional two species that were previously described and illustrated are included in the keys for a total of 44.Larval characteristics support most of the tribal, generic, and specific entities defined on the basis of adult characteristics. They place species of the tribe Phaeogenini as the most primitive and suggest a close relationship between them and species of the tribe Gyrodontini. There is no obvious close relationship between larvae of the tribe Platylabini and other tribes of the subfamily. The tribe Ichneumonini appears to be a relatively distinct group, although the inclusion of the genusSyspasisis questioned. The two subtribes, Trogusina and Callajoppina, of the tribe Trogusini are quite distinct from each other and from other groups of the Ichneumoninae; they appear to possibly have different origins, and perhaps each deserves tribal rank. There is a high degree of taxonomic congruence between the adult and larval classifications.
A CATALOGUE OF THE EGGS OF SOME CANADIAN NOCTUIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA)
Authors: Salkeld E. H.
Published: April 2011

Presented, with notes, are 124 plates of SEM illustrations of noctuid eggs representing 14 subfamilies of the Noctuidae: one species of Agaristinae, four species of Pantheinae, six species of Acronictinae, 34 species of Noctuinae, 26 species of Hadeninae, 10 species of Cuculliinae, 14 species of Amphipyrinae, three species of Acontiinae, two species of Euteliinae, two species of Plusiinae, 11 species of Catocalinae, one species of Hypeninae, one species of Rivulinae, and nine species of Herminiinae.
A TAXONOMIC MONOGRAPH OF THE NEARCTIC GALERUCINE GENUSOPHRAELLAWILCOX (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: LeSage Laurent
Published: April 2011

The taxonomy of the Nearctic genusOphraellaWilcox is revised. Data for all known immature stages are included.Ophraella integra(LeConte) is synonymized withO.notulata(Fabricius).Ophraella dilatipennis(Jacoby) is transferred to the genusNeolochmaeaLaboissière.Thirteen species are recognized, of which 6 are new :O.arctica,californiana,communa,macrovittata,nuda, andpilosa. The distribution and host plants of species are as follows :O.americana, eastern North America, onSolidagospp.;O.pilosa, transcontinental along the Canadian border, onAster, primarilyA.macrophyllus;O.cribrata, coast to coast in the United States, onSolidagoof the subgenusVirgaurea;O.confertain northeastern states, onSolidagowith preference forS.canadensisandS.rugosa;O.sexvittatain southeastern states, onSolidagospp.;O.notulatain eastern US and Gulf states to Mexico, onIva oraria;O.notatain eastern portion of the United States, onEupatorium perfoliatum;O.macrovittatain the Gulf states, host plant unknown;O.communain North America and Mexico, onAmbrosia artemisiifolia;O.bilineatain the Canadian Prairies and the bordering states, onChrysopsis villosa;O.californianain California and Mexico, onArtemisia Douglasiana;O.nudain Alberta, host plant unknown; andO.arcticain tundra zone, onSolidago multiradiata scopulorum.The life cycles of most species are still unknown but most species probably have only 1 generation per year. The eggs are laid in clusters on the under surface of young leaves. The larvae skeletonize young leaves and live exposed. Before pupation, the larva spins a loose cocoon and attaches it to a leaf tip. Pupation lasts 1–2 weeks. The newly hatched adults are active on host plants until the early fall, when they enter the leaf litter for overwintering.
THE INTERACTIONS OF VERTEBRATES AND INVERTEBRATES IN PEATLANDS AND MARSHES
Authors: Murkin Henry R. , Batt Bruce D.J.
Published: April 2011

This paper reviews the interactions of vertebrates and invertebrates in peatlands and marshes to assess current knowledge and future research needs. Living organisms may interact through a number of direct trophic and nutrient pathways and a variety of non-trophic, habitat-dependent relationships. Freshwater marshes and peatlands are dynamic aquatic environments and organisms that occupy these areas must be adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions. The avian community illustrates the main interactions of invertebrates and vertebrates in peatlands and marshes. Waterfowl, along with fish and furbearers, are the most economically important vertebrates using these habitats. Each of these groups has important trophic and habitat links to the invertebrates within wetlands.The most common interaction between vertebrates and invertebrates is the use of invertebrates as food by vertebrates. Few studies, however, have dealt with trophic dynamics or secondary production within wetlands. Waterfowl, fish, and many other wetland vertebrates, during all or part of their life cycles, regularly feed on invertebrates. Some invertebrates are vectors of disease and parasites to vertebrates. Vertebrates can directly affect the structural substrate that invertebrates depend on as habitat through consumption of macrophytes or through the use of living and dead plant material in the construction of houses and nests. Conversely, herbivorous invertebrates may directly affect the survival and distribution of macrophytes in wetlands. Macrophyte distribution, in turn, is an important factor in determining vertebrate use of wetlands. The general lack of both taxonomic and ecological information on invertebrates in wetlands is the main hindrance to future elucidation of vertebrate–invertebrate interactions in these environments. Development of invertebrate sampling techniques suitable for wetland habitats also is necessary. More specific research needs must be met to develop a better understanding of the structure and function of these dynamic systems.
MODELLING APPLIED TO THE ANALYSIS OF CROP–PEST-MANAGEMENT INTERACTIONS
Authors: Bloomberg W.J.
Published: April 2011

Fusarium attacking the roots of Douglas-firs in a forestry nursery was the focus of a computer simulation model that was tested against several years of nursery disease observations. Soil temperature, seedling growth, disease spread, and inoculum density and distribution were studied and their effects on measures to control Fusarium root rot were simulated. Interactions of these factors in space and time were examined from seedling germination to end of the growing season. The results from the model indicated that low soil temperature at the beginning of the growing season, rapid seedling growth, and reduction of disease inoculum levels in the upper soil horizons were the optimum prescription for disease reduction.
MALE SCENT IN LEPIDOPTERAN COMMUNICATION: THE ROLE OF MALE PHEROMONE IN MATING BEHAVIOUR OFPSEUDALETIA UNIPUNCTA(HAW.) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Fitzpatrick Sheila M. , McNeil Jeremy N.
Published: April 2011

Pseudaletia unipuncta(Haw.) males, experimentally deprived of hairpencils (male-specific scent organs), were less acceptable to females than were intact males. The degree to which females discriminated against males lacking hairpencils depended on the experimental protocol. When females were placed with males before scotophase onset, they tended to evade repeatedly and/or terminate genital contact with hairpencil-less males before eventually copulating, although this tendency was not statistically significant. When males were introduced after females had initiated calling, females refused hairpencil-less males significantly more often than intact ones. The incidence of copulation by hairpencil-less males was also lower than that of intact males, significantly so in one of the two populations tested. Neither copulation duration nor the dimensions of the cuticular portion of the spermatophore were correlated with the presence of hairpencils. Yet in all cases, females that mated with hairpencil-less males were more fecund and laid more fertile eggs than those mated to intact males. Hairpencil eversion could not be seen during courtship, nor did females show any obvious change in calling behaviour in response to scent from a freshly excised hairpencil. However, gas chromatographic analysis of hairpencils showed a decrease in titre of two scent components, acetic acid and benzaldehyde, just before the moment of genital contact between male and female, indicating that the pheromone was released at this time. These results suggest thatP.unipunctamale pheromone facilitates female acceptance of males. The hypothesis that male pheromone carries information about the quality of a courting male is discussed in relation to recent work on arctiids, nymphalids, pierids and pyralids. An appendix of lepidopteran species possessing male scent structures is included.
TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL PATTERNS IN MID-APPALACHIAN SPRINGS
Authors: Gooch James L. , Glazier Douglas S.
Published: April 2011

The major topographic features and river courses of the mid-Appalachian Mountains are geologically ancient. Small rheocrenes are numerous in carbonate valleys with macroinvertebrate assemblages typically dominated by peracaridans and sometimes gastropods, with subordinate abundances of bivalves, triclads, and insects. Springs were approximately rank ordered by temporal persistence, using size, catchment area, proximity to base level, and bedrock permeability factors as criteria. A 38-m2rheocrene, Ell Spring, was sampled seasonally over a 2-year period for distribution and abundances of taxa. Physicochemical factors and rank order of ordinal abundances were stable the 1st year, but less so the 2nd year after a watercress cover was removed. Ell Spring is divided into nine distinct habitat patches. Some species distributions are strongly associated with patches and others are broader. Regionally, heterozygosity and allele frequency patterns ofGammarus minus(Amphipoda) are conditioned by latitude, indicative of the effects of Pleistocene glaciation, and by distance to regional master streams. These factors do not detectably influence the ordinal composition of macroinvertebrate assemblages. However overall invertebrate abundances and the ratio of non-insect orders (which are presumably less rapid colonists) to insect orders are greater in long-persisting than in frequently disturbed springs. The species assemblages of disturbed springs may be influenced by recent history as well as by water chemistry, substratum, and other equilibrium factors.
INSECT PROTEASES, PLANT PROTEASE INHIBITORS, AND POSSIBLE PEST CONTROL
Authors: Houseman Jon G. , Larocque A.M. , Thie N.M.R.
Published: April 2011

Since the first observation that plants contained protease inhibitors, as identified by their ability to inhibit vertebrate enzymes, it has been postulated that the presence of these substances was related to their phytoprotective abilities. However the following assumptions (1) that phytophagous insects use trypsin, and (2) that ingested inhibitors disrupt digestive proteolysis in insects, have not been adequately tested. Identification of non-tryptic enzymes, cathepsin B, D, and H in phytophagous Coleoptera and unique trypsin-like enzymes in Lepidoptera, indicates insect proteases may differ from their vertebrate counterparts. Putative inhibitor proteins inhibited vertebrate trypsin and chymotrypsin in vitro but had no effect on the trypsin- or chymotrypsin-like activity from the insect midgut. Feeding experiments with the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis(Hübner), indicate that ingestion of inhibitors may not disrupt digestive proteolysis in vivo and the vertebrate trypsin inhibitor in corn may be ineffective as a phytoprotective strategy for this insect. Limitations and implications of ingested inhibitors for future pest control may depend on the origin of the inhibitor, as well as the insect's response.
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PHYLOGENY OF THEPAPILIO MACHAONSPECIES GROUP (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONIDAE)
Authors: Sperling Felix A.H.
Published: April 2011

In swallowtail butterflies of thePapilio machaonspecies group, mitochondrial (mt) DNA divergence has allowed speciation and adaptation to be understood more precisely. The reconstructed phylogeny of mtDNA of theP.machaongroup is largely congruent with prior systematic hypotheses based on allozymes and color pattern. Genetic divergences of mtDNA support use of broad, character-based species concepts for theP.machaongroup, and allow inferences regarding the origin of hybrid populations. The mtDNA phylogeny provides a guide for evolutionarily appropriate comparisons in studies of the chemical and genetic basis of hostplant use. Finally, mtDNA demonstrates the phylogenetically distinct status of an endangered species,P.hospiton.
THE ODONATA OF THE NORTHERN CORDILLERAN PEATLANDS OF NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Cannings Sydney G. , Cannings Robert A.
Published: April 2011

The peatlands of the northern Cordillera of North America (consisting of the mountain ranges and intermontane lowlands and plateaus of British Columbia, Alberta, the Northwest Territories, the Yukon, and Alaska) support a distinctive Odonata fauna. Forty species in six families and 12 genera are typical of northwestern peatlands and another 12 species are occasional inhabitants of these environments. Of the 40 species, eight (20%) are peatland obligates and four (10%) almost always occur in such habitats. The remaining 28 (70%) are generalists and live in a wide range of aquatic habitats; nevertheless, they often are common inhabitants of, or are even dominant in, peatland environments. The fauna is dominated by the genera Aeshna Fabricius and Somatochlora Selys, with 11 and 10 species, respectively. It is also dominated by species restricted to Boreal regions (25 species, 62.5%), six (15%) of which have Holarctic distributions. The remainder of the fauna consists of eight species (20%) ranging transcontinentally in Transition Zone forests south of the Boreal Forest, five (12.5%) restricted to the Cordillera, and two (5%) with wide distributions in North America. Notes and maps summarize our knowledge of biogeographical information and previously unpublished records are listed. Significant southerly range extensions for species such as Coenagrion interrogatum (Hagen), Aeshna septentrionalis Burmeister, A. sitchensis Hagen, A. subarctica Walker, Somatochlora septentrionalis (Hagen), and Leucorrhinia patricia Walker are reported. Ecological and natural history data are outlined for each species. There do not appear to be any clear differences between the faunas of bogs and fens; dragonflies seem to respond to the habitat's form and structure rather than to its acidity or nutrient levels. Distinctive species associations result. A better understanding of the preferences of these dragonflies for different peatland microhabitats must await detailed research on oviposition behaviour and larval ecology.
ENTOMOPOXVIRUSES OF GRASSHOPPERS AND LOCUSTS: BIOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL POTENTIAL
Authors: Streett D.A. , Woods S.A. , Erlandson M.A.
Published: April 2011

Entomopoxviruses (EPVs) are insect poxviruses that are often found infecting grasshoppers and locusts. Nearly 15 grasshopper and locust EPVs have been reported in the literature. This review describes our current knowledge of the biology of grasshopper and locust EPVs including virus ultrastructure, host range, production in cell culture, pathology, process of infection, epizootiology, and field evaluations of the viruses to assess their potential as biological control agents. The most extensively studied has been the Melanoplus sanguinipes EPV (MsEPV). Trypsin-like protease activity has been identified in association with MsEPV occlusion bodies but its importance in the infection process is not known. Mortality from MsEPV has been found to occur in two distinct time frames over 6 weeks or longer. MsEPV is also the only grasshopper EPV that has been grown in vitro and been shown to produce virus that is both infectious and virulent to M. sanguinipes. Horizontal transmission of grasshopper EPVs is apparently by consumption of infected cadavers. Field evaluations of MsEPV at an application rate of 1 × 1010 occlusion bodies per hectare resulted in a 23% prevalence after 13 days despite a considerable amount of dispersal of grasshoppers between plots. Epizootiological studies of EPVs will continue to be an area requiring additional research. Virus production and a limited host range are the two most critical issues affecting the development of EPVs as microbial control agents.
THE ENTOMOPHAGA GRYLLI (FRESENIUS) BATKO SPECIES COMPLEX: ITS BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY, AND USE FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PEST GRASSHOPPERS
Authors: Carruthers Raymond I. , Ramos Mark E. , Larkin Timothy S. , Hostetter Donald L. , Soper Richard S.
Published: April 2011

The biology, ecology, disease etiology, and biological control potential of different members of the Entomophaga grylli species complex are discussed. This complex is represented by several pathotypes that include members that produce both conidia and resting spores within a single season, and members that produce only resting spores. This complex is known as a major pathogen of acridids from most areas of the world where populations of these insects are found, including Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. Pathogens from this species complex commonly cause disease epizootics in their host populations and are known to reduce significantly outbreaks of grasshoppers, particularly following periods of rain or high humidity. Specific factors that either limit or enhance disease processes and host mortality are discussed in relation to both epizootiology and biological control programmes. Recent biological control efforts are discussed and the potential of using members of the E. grylli species complex in both augmentation and introduction programmes is considered.
A Synopsis of the Genus Rhopalosiphum in Canada (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Richards W. R.
Published: April 2011

Descriptions of nearly all stages, and notes on the life histories of ten species of Rhopalosiphum Koch are offered. This includes all but two of the species known to occur in North America. Three are described as new. The group as a whole is of little economic importance with the exceptions of R. maidis (Fitch) and R. padi (L.) which are sometimes serious pests of cereal crops and have been shown to be capable of transmitting virus diseases. Keys for nearly all stages are provided.
Taxonomic Concepts in the Ascidae, with a Modified Setal Nomenclature for the Idiosoma of the Gamasina (Acarina: Mesostigmata)
Authors: Lindquist Evert E. , Evans G. Owen
Published: April 2011

Generic and familial concepts of the Ascidae Voigts and Oudemans (= Blattisociidae Garman, Aceosejidae Baker and Wharton) are reviewed and modified from a world standpoint. The postembryonic developments of chaetotactic and external morphological features of the body and appendages are discussed. Twenty-two genera in three subfamilies are recognized, keyed, and defined:ArctoseiusThor,IphidozerconBerlese,Xenoseiusnov., andZerconopsisHull in the Arctoseiinae Evans;CheiroseiusBerlese andPlatyseiusBerlese in the Platyseiinae Evans;AceodromusMuma,AntennoseiusBerlese,ArctoseiodesWillmann,AscaHeyden,BlattisociusKeegan,Diseiusnov.,GamasellodesAthias-Henriot,HoploseiusBerlese,LasioseiusBerlese,LeioseiusBerlese,MelicharesHering,NeojordensiaEvans,ProctolaelapsBerlese,ProtogamasellusKarg,RhinoseiusBaker and Yunker, andZercoseiusBerlese in the Ascinae Voigts and Oudemans.Newly synonymized genera areHyattellaKrantz underLasioseius,MucroseiusLindquist andOrolaelapsDeLeon underMelichares,GarmaniellaWesterboer underProctolaelaps, andTropicoseiusBaker and Yunker underRhinoseius. Genera removed from the Ascidae includeAfricoseiusKrantz,DigamasellusBerlese,LaelaptoseiusWomersley, andZygoseiusBerlese.

Modified systems of nomenclature based on holotrichous Gamasina are introduced and applied to setae on the dorsum of the idiosoma and on the venter of the opisthosoma.