bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Questions of Ethics: How Family Planning changed under Indira Gandhi's Emergency
Authors: Johnson Hannah
Published: April 2016

India’s family planning policies and sterilization drives under Indira Gandhi during the Emergency period of 1975-1977 will be examined in the following article. Initially, an overview of the history of population issues in India including prior family planning initiatives is presented to provide context. The Emergency period is a complicated one in Indian history and intense family planning initiatives were merely one component. The family planning policies crafted during this period in particular are considered to be significantly more aggressive and questionable; this includes the methods that were used to put these policies into effect. It is shown that although family planning policies existed before the Emergency, they became much harsher and affected many more people during the period known as the Emergency.
The Politics of Mythmaking: Foreign Policy in Canadian Federal Elections 1958-1965
Authors: Kinsinger Kristopher
Published: April 2016

The notion of a Canadian foreign policy “golden age” during the decades following the Second World War has shaped how Canadians have come to view their country’s place in the world. While recent historical scholarship has laudably done much to demonstrate how the idea of a Canadian diplomatic “golden age” is ultimately an exercise in mythmaking, historians have done comparatively little to assess when and how this mythological notion became ingrained in Canada’s political consciousness. This paper seeks to begin to fill this gap in the historiography of Canadian politics by analyzing the role of foreign policy in the four federal elections held between 1958 and 1965. This analysis not only reaffirms the mythological status of the “golden age” but also demonstrates how this notion was fuelled by the foreign policy rhetoric of the Liberal Party during Lester B. Pearson’s tenure as leader. 
Braunschweig: A Historiography of Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust
Authors: McGirr Katelyn
Published: April 2016

Reviewed through the theoretical lens of the Intentionalist and Functionalist perspectives, this historiography essay discusses ordinary Germans' reactions to the National Socialist regime, the prevalence of German anti-Semitism, the legitimacy of collective responsibility and collective guilt, and how memory and historical approaches to the discourses of the Holocaust influenced German collective identity.
About the Authors
Authors:   Editor-in-Chief
Published: April 2016

Null
Utility of Decision Rules for Transcutaneous Bilirubin Measurements
Authors: Taylor James A. , Burgos Anthony E. , Flaherman Valerie , Chung Esther K. , Simpson Elizabeth A. , Goyal Neera K. , Von Kohorn Isabelle , Dhepyasuwan Niramol ,   on behalf of the BORN Investigators
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND:

Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) meters are widely used for screening newborns for jaundice, with a total serum bilirubin (TSB) measurement indicated when the TcB value is classified as “positive” by using a decision rule. The goal of our study was to assess the clinical utility of 3 recommended TcB screening decision rules.

METHODS:

Paired TcB/TSB measurements were collected at 34 newborn nursery sites. At 27 sites (sample 1), newborns were routinely screened with a TcB measurement. For sample 2, sites that typically screen with TSB levels also obtained a TcB measurement for the study. Three decision rules to define a positive TcB measurement were evaluated: ≥75th percentile on the Bhutani nomogram, 70% of the phototherapy level, and within 3 mg/dL of the phototherapy threshold. The primary outcome was a TSB level at/above the phototherapy threshold. The rate of false-negative TcB screens and percentage of blood draws avoided were calculated for each decision rule.

RESULTS:

For sample 1, data were analyzed on 911 paired TcB-TSB measurements from a total of 8316 TcB measurements. False-negative rates were <10% with all decision rules; none identified all 31 newborns with a TSB level at/above the phototherapy threshold. The percentage of blood draws avoided ranged from 79.4% to 90.7%. In sample 2, each rule correctly identified all 8 newborns with TSB levels at/above the phototherapy threshold.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although all of the decision rules can be used effectively to screen newborns for jaundice, each will “miss” some infants with a TSB level at/above the phototherapy threshold.
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ НАНОЧАСТИЦ СЕРЕБРА IN VITRO НА УРОВЕНЬ ЭКСПРЕССИИ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫХ МАРКЕРОВ АКТИВАЦИИ ЛИМФОЦИТОВ И МАРКЕРА АУТОИММУННОГО ПРОЦЕССА ПЕРИФЕРИЧЕСКОЙ КРОВИ БОЛЬНЫХ ВИРУСНОЙ ПАТОЛОГИЕЙ РОГОВИЦЫ
Authors: Ulyanov V. A. , Velichko L. N. , Bogdanova A. V. , Makarova M. B.
Published: April 2016

The influence of the nanoparticles of silver on the expression of molecular markers activation of lymphoid cells CD7+, CD25+, CD38+, CD45+, CD54+, CD95+, CD150+ and CD5+ – marker of the autoimmune process, as well as on phagocytic activity of neutrophils in patients with viral pathologies of the cornea was studied in vitro. In the Laboratory of Immunology, SI Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy NAMS of Ukraine was developed technique of cultivation of peripheral blood lymphocytes with immunomodulation drugs, followed by determination of changes in the level of expression of molecular markers of lymphocyte activation. Assessment of the level of expression of molecular markers of activation of peripheral blood lymphocytes was performed method using a panel of monoclonal antibodies, CD5+, CD7+, CD25+, CD38+, CD45+, CD54+, CD95+ and CD 150+. The study was conducted in vitro with the peripheral lymphocytes the blood of 23 patients of viral pathology of the cornea. Our studies of the effects of nanosilver particles in vitro on the state of expression of molecular markers of activation of peripheral blood lymphocytes and phagocytic activity of neutrophils in patients with viral corneal pathology, showed a significant increase in the level of expression of the CD7+, CD25+, CD45+ and phagocytic activity of neutrophils after application silver nanoparticles.

Key words: immune system, nanoparticles of silver, monoclonal antibodies, molecular markers activation.
СИНТАКСОНОМІЯ УГРУПОВАНЬ ДРІБНОЛИСТЯНИХ ЛІСІВ НА ЗАРОСТАЮЧИХ ПЕРЕЛОГАХ
Authors: Vorobyov E. O. , Olijnyk M. P. , Solomakha I. V.
Published: April 2016

The spontaneous small leaf particles groups of fallows, that are the first stage of the restoration of broad-leaved forests were investigated. In composition of groups of birch, aspen and alder saplings on the fallows (Ivano-Frankivsk and Zhytomyr region) three new associations are distinguished and described (Cirsio arvensi-Betuletum pendulae, Phalacrolomo annui-Populetum tremulae, Dauco carotae-Alnetum glutinosae). These syntaxons are included into new class Dactylo glomerati-Populetea tremulae Vorobyov et I. Solomakha cl. nova in press. Syntaxonomy of this class was generalized for the territory of Ukraine.

Key words: Syntaxonomy, class Dactylo glomerati-Populetea tremulae, fallows, afforestation, birch aspen and alder forests, Ukraine.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МІКРОФЛОРИ УРОГЕНІТАЛЬНОГО ТРАКТУ ЖІНОК ДНПРОПЕТРОВСЬКІЙ ОБЛАСТІ ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ МЕТОДУ ПОЛІМЕРАЗНО-ЛАНЦЮГОВОЇ РЕАКЦІЇ
Authors: Honcharova S. Yu. , Golodok L. P. , Khlopova O. V.
Published: April 2016

We isolated and identified the pathogens from the urogenital tract in 100 women of 26-55 years in Diagnostic Center of Dnepropetrovsk Medical Academy by polymerase chain reaction. It was found that all investigated microflora was represented by HPV of high and low cancer risk - HSV type 1+2, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, and Candida yeast species. The most abundant pathogens from the urogenital tract were HPV, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Chlamydia trachomatis.

Key words: pcr in endpoint, urogenital tract, identification, dysbiosis, biota.
Clarification of two taxon names of Phragmipedium (Orchidaceae, Cypripedioideae)
Authors: Mó Edgar , Pérez-García Eduardo A. , Cetzal-Ix William
Published: April 2016

Two subspecies of Phragmipedium humboldtii from Guatemala, P. humboldtii subsp. monstruosum and P. humboldtii subsp. triandrum (Orchidaceae, Cypripedioideae) were wrong published in Die Orchidee 66(3), 2015, since the new status of these subspecies are based on an incorrect name for the authorship of P. humboldtii (Warsz. ex Rchb.f.) J.T. Atwood & Dressler instead of P. humboldtii (Warsz.) J.T. Atwood & Dressler. The formal names of the subspecies are corrected here. 
POLÍTICAS DE EDUCAÇÃO CORPORATIVA E O PROCESSO DE CERTIFICAÇÃO BANCÁRIA: DISTINTOS ATORES E PERSPECTIVAS
Authors: Amorim Wilson Aparecido Costa de , Cruz Marcus Vinicius Gonçalves da , Sarsur Amyra Moyzes , Fischer André Luiz
Published: April 2016

RESUMO As iniciativas de educação corporativa vêm se institucionalizando como elemento de competitividade entre países (LANVIN; EVANS, 2013), organizações (EBOLI et al. 2010) e indivíduos (SARSUR, 2010). Como parte do resultado da melhor estruturação da educação corporativa, a qualificação da mão de obra traz no seu bojo os processos de certificação profissional. Neste contexto, o sistema financeiro brasileiro revela instituições mais efetivas na intermediação financeira e na geração de resultados, lastreadas em ações de educação corporativa e políticas de gestão de pessoas. O presente artigo delineia esta perspectiva analisando o movimento de certificação de trabalhadores bancários no Brasil, sob a égide de atores distintos como o órgão regulador; os bancos e suas universidades corporativas; as certificadoras; os sindicatos e os bancários. Verificaram-se por meio de pesquisa qualitativa de cunho descritivo, utilizando-se como instrumentos de coleta de dados a análise documental, entrevistas e grupo de foco, as políticas de gestão de pessoas sob o escopo da educação corporativa e o processo de certificação bancária sob a perspectiva destes atores. Os principais achados indicam que o Banco Central do Brasil normatiza o mercado, os bancos induzem ao processo de certificação bancária como mecanismo de ampliação de competitividade e pressão sobre o indivíduo enquanto trabalhador, e por sua vez os sindicatos atuam como coadjuvantes no processo.
CASO AlbAm S.A.
Authors: Serra Ricardo Goulart
Published: April 2016

RESUMO Os analistas financeiros da AlbAm, uma empresa do setor de autopeças, devem avaliar duas opções de aquisições (Cardblue e Garciadores). O objetivo do caso é servir de oportunidade para os alunos vivenciarem uma decisão de investimentos por meio do lucro econômico. Uma análise superficial certamente levará a decisão equivocada. Levando-se todos os aspectos do caso em consideração, chegar-se-á a uma solução que pode surpreender alguns alunos, uma vez que a empresa melhor gerida não será a melhor oportunidade de investimento. Também se pode aproveitar o caso para discutir a superficialidade da adoção do EBITDA como métrica de gestão comparativamente a uma métrica de valor agregado (lucro econômico) - a melhor solução também não é aquela que gera o maior aumento em EBITDA. O caso pode ser usado em disciplinas de finanças (finanças corporativas ou avaliação de empresas) em cursos de graduação, pós-graduação ou especialização. Todas as empresas e pessoas relatadas neste caso são fictícias.
Prevalência e fatores associados à asma em escolares de Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
Authors: Coelho Magna Adaci de Quadros , Pinho Lucinéia de , Marques Paula Quadros , Silveira Marise Fagundes , Solé Dirceu
Published: April 2016

Resumo Investigou-se a prevalência de asma e fatores relacionados ao seu desenvolvimento em escolares de 6 a 14 anos residentes em área central e periférica da cidade de Montes Claros, MG e cadastrados no programa Estratégia da Saúde da Família. Na primeira etapa, aplicou-se o questionário escrito padrão do através de questionários do ISSAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) para coleta de dados pessoais, renda e prevalência de asma, rinite alérgica e eczema (N = 1131). Na segunda etapa (estudo do tipo caso-controle) dividiu-se a amostra em asmáticos (A; N = 172) e não asmáticos (NA; N = 379) para avaliar potenciais fatores associados à ocorrência de asma na população utilizando-se o questionário complementar do ISAAC fase II. Realizou-se também teste cutâneo de hipersensibilidade imediata (TCHI) e parasitológico. As razões de probabilidade (RP) estimadas por análise multivariada mostraram que os casos de asma estavam relacionados à frequência no jardim de infância, tabagismo intradomiciliar, antecedente familiar, rinite e resposta positiva ao TCHI. Conclui-se que na população estudada a prevalência da asma não está apenas relacionada à predisposição genética, mas também é associada ao histórico do indivíduo, sua condição social, exposição a poluentes como fumaça de tabaco e resposta positiva a alérgenos.
O potencial impacto financeiro dos problemas bucais na família de pré-escolares
Authors: Ribeiro Gustavo Leite , Gomes Monalisa Cesarino , Lima Kenio Costa de , Martins Carolina Castro , Paiva Saul Martins , Granville-Garcia Ana Flávia
Published: April 2016

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a percepção dos pais/responsáveis quanto ao impacto financeiro dos problemas de saúde bucal na família de pré-escolares. Um estudo transversal, foi realizado com 834 crianças pré-escolares, em Campina Grande, Brasil. Pais/responsáveis responderam ao Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS). O item “impacto financeiro” foi a variável dependente. Questionários de variáveis sociodemográficas, histórico de dor de dente e percepções de saúde foram administrados. Os exames clínicos foram realizados por três dentistas previamente calibrados (Kappa: 0.85-0.90). Estatística descritiva foi realizada, seguida de regressão logística para amostras complexas (α = 5%). A frequência de impacto financeiro devido a problemas de saúde bucal em pré-escolares foi de 7,7%. As seguintes variáveis foram significativamente associadas com o impacto financeiro: percepção ruim dos pais sobre saúde bucal, a interação entre histórico de dor de dente e ausência de cárie dentária e interação entre histórico de dor de dente e presença de cárie dentária. Pode-se concluir que na maioria das vezes os pais/responsáveis relatam impacto financeiro em decorrência da procura por tratamento tardio, principalmente pela presença de dor e complicações no quadro clínico.
Vigilância epidemiológica da fluorose dentária em município de clima tropical com água de abastecimento público fluoretada
Authors: Moura Marcoeli Silva de , Barbosa Pablo Renan Ribeiro , Nunes-dos-Santos Danila Lorena , Dantas-Neta Neusa Barros , Moura Lúcia de Fátima Almeida de Deus , Lima Marina de Deus Moura de
Published: April 2016

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência e a severidade de fluorose dentária em escolares de 11 a 14 anos de idade em Teresina (PI) Brasil, município de clima tropical com água de abastecimento público fluoretada. Estudo do tipo observacional transversal no qual foram avaliadas 571 crianças distribuídas nas redes pública e particular de ensino. A coleta de dados foi realizada nas unidades escolares, após recolhimento do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE) e questionário respondido pelos pais referentes às condições socioeconômicas e demográficas e aos hábitos de higiene bucal. O exame dentário foi realizado por um cirurgião-dentista calibrado. O índice aplicado foi o Thylstrup e Fejerskov (TF). A prevalência de fluorose foi de 77,9%, e apenas 12,5% das crianças acometidas apresentaram TF ≥ 3, grau com comprometimento estético. Os pré-molares foram os dentes mais afetados pela fluorose. Dentre os escolares com maior severidade de fluorose, 98,6% dos pertenciam à classe social mais baixa (>B2), 91,5% nasceram e sempre moraram em Teresina, 94,4% consumiam água de abastecimento fluoretada, 76% usaram dentifrício infantil e 64% as mães relataram que engoliam dentifrício. A prevalência de fluorose foi elevada, mas com baixa severidade, em indivíduos expostos à fluoretação desde o nascimento.
Contribuições do Modelo de Rasch para Procedimentos de Intervenção em Habilidades Sociais
Authors: Montiel José Maria , Bartholomeu Daniel
Published: April 2016

Resumo O presente estudo visou analisar se o modelo de Rasch pode facilitar o aprendizado de condutas socialmente hábeis em crianças. Foram realizados dois estudos, um para estabelecer pontos de corte e níveis de dificuldade numa medida de habilidades sociais e outro para analisar a intervenção baseada nessa hierarquia. Os resultados do Estudo 1 indicam que as condutas mais fáceis são as relacionadas à civilidade e altruísmo, basicamente e as mais difíceis as relacionadas à assertividade. No Estudo 2, os resultados da intervenção planejada com base no nível de dificuldade dos itens indicou a melhora das habilidades sociais das crianças no mesmo sentido do nível de dificuldade dos itens. De modo geral, o modelo de Rasch demonstrou eficácia como auxílio para analisar a dificuldade de execução das condutas sociais e no planejamento e implementação de intervenções nesta área.
Desempenho em Inteligência, Atenção Concentrada e Personalidade de Diferentes Grupos de Motoristas
Authors: Nakano Tatiana de Cássia , Sampaio Maria Helena de Lemos
Published: April 2016

Resumo Este estudo buscou identificar diferenças no desempenho entre grupos de motoristas infratores, não infratores e envolvidos em acidentes nos construtos Inteligência, Atenção Concentrada e Personalidade, avaliando-se ainda a influência do nível de escolaridade dos participantes. Motoristas em processo de renovação de CNH ou adição de categoria, em um total de 319, de ambos os sexos, escolaridade do ensino fundamental, médio e superior, com idades variando entre 18 a 77 anos (M = 40,62, DP =10,8) fizeram parte da amostra. Os resultados demonstraram que a variável Grupo (infrator, não infrator e envolvidos em acidentes) não se mostrou significativa para nenhuma das medidas consideradas, tendo-se encontrado, por outro lado, influência significativa da variável Nível de escolaridade nas medidas de produtividade (Palográfico) e inteligência (R1). Os resultados apontam dificuldades em diferenciar grupos de motoristas de acordo com o desempenho deles nos instrumentos considerados.
Evaluation of bursal lymphoid depletion: comparison between the conventional histology method and digital lymphocyte depletion evaluation system
Authors: Salle Carlos T.P. , Moraes Lucas B. , Zimermann Francielli C. , Fallavena Luiz C.B. , Osório Fernando S. , Salle Felipe O. , Carvalho Daiane , Moraes Hamilton L.S.
Published: April 2016

Abstract: Fifty-five bursa of Fabricius (BF) were evaluated by optical microscopy for three different avian histopathologists (H1, H3 and H4) to determine the degree of lymphoid depletion. One histologist evaluated the same slides at two different times (H1 and H2) with four-months interval between the observations. The same BFs were evaluated using the system of Digital Lymphocyte Depletion Evaluation (ADDL), being performed by three differents operators of the system, not histopathologists. The results showed was a significant difference between the histopathologists and between the scores established by the same expert (H1 and H2). However, there were not significant differences between the scores with the ADDL system, obtained using ADDL. The results make clear the fragility of the subjective lymphocyte depletion score classification by the traditional histologic method, while the ADDL system proves to be more appropriated for the assessment of the lymphoid loss in the BF.
Advances in the use of nanocarriers for cancer diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Vieira Débora Braga , Gamarra Lionel Fernel
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT The use of nanocarriers as drug delivery systems for therapeutic or imaging agents can improve the pharmacological properties of commonly used compounds in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Advances in the surface engineering of nanoparticles to accommodate targeting ligands turned nanocarriers attractive candidates for future work involving targeted drug delivery. Although not targeted, several nanocarriers have been approved for clinical use and they are currently used to treat and/or diagnosis various types of cancers. Furthermore, there are several formulations, which are now in various stages of clinical trials. This review examined some approved formulations and discussed the advantages of using nanocarriers in cancer therapy.
Physical Control of Nonindigenous Aquatic Plants in Emerald Bay, Lake Tahoe, CA
Authors: Shaw Daniel W. H. , Hymanson Zachary P. , Sasaki Tamara L.
Published: April 2016

Establishment of nonindigenous (NI) aquatic plants in the nearshore regions of freshwater ecosystems has resulted in environmental degradation, recreation concerns, economic impacts, and substantial management challenges. To reduce these undesirable effects, NI aquatic plants are often targeted for removal or control by management agencies, but the efficacy of implementation is often not documented or sustained. In this study, we developed a management plan to completely remove all NI plants from Emerald Bay, Lake Tahoe, CA, using only physical control techniques. Management plan priorities were based on previous research and lessons learned, including the need for (1) integrated weed management using multiple physical control techniques, (2) a large initial treatment investment, (3) ongoing early detection and rapid response, (4) detailed ecological monitoring, and (5) a long-term commitment to annual maintenance removal. Application of this management plan resulted in complete removal of all NI aquatic plants from Emerald Bay and substantial cost savings each year after the initial large investment. Annual maintenance removal and monitoring will need to continue as long as NI aquatic plants continue to enter Emerald Bay on boats and currents from other areas of Lake Tahoe.
Integrating Herbicide Programs with Harvest Weed Seed Control and Other Fall Management Practices for the Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)
Authors: Norsworthy Jason K. , Korres Nicholas E. , Walsh Michael J. , Powles Stephen B.
Published: April 2016

A large-plot field experiment was conducted at Keiser, AR, from fall of 2010 through fall of 2013 to understand to what extent soybean in-crop herbicide programs and postharvest fall management practices impact Palmer amaranth population density and seed production over three growing seasons. The effect of POST-only (glyphosate-only) or PRE followed by (fb) POST (glyphosate or glufosinate) + residual herbicide treatments were evaluated alone and in combination with postharvest management options of soybean residue spreading or soil incorporation, use of cover crops, windrowing with/without burning, and residue removal. Significant differences were observed between fall management practices on Palmer amaranth population density each fall. The use of cover crops and residue collection and removal fb the incorporation of crop residues into soil during the formation of beds were the most effective practices in reducing Palmer amaranth population. In contrast, the effects of fall management practices on Palmer amaranth seed production were inconsistent among years. The inclusion of a PRE herbicide application into the herbicide program significantly reduced Palmer amaranth population density and subsequent seed production each year when compared to the glyphosate-only program. Additionally, the glufosinate-containing residual program was superior to the glyphosate-containing residual program in reducing Palmer amaranth seed production. PRE fb POST herbicides resulted in significant decreases in the Palmer amaranth population density and seed production compared to POST application of glyphosate alone for all fall management practices, including the no-till practice. This study demonstrated that crop residue management such as chaff removal from the field, the use of cover crops, or seed incorporation during bed formation in combination with an effective PRE plus POST residual herbicide program is important for optimizing in-season management of Palmer amaranth and subsequently reducing the population density, which has a profound impact on lessening the risk for herbicide resistance and the consistency and effectiveness of future weed management efforts.
"Koos sê...": 'n Kritiese diskoersanalise van die metakapitaal van 'n invloedryke Suid-Afrikaanse mediamagnaat
Authors: Botma G
Published: April 2016

Hierdie artikel onderneem 'n kritiese diskoersanalise van die openbare uitsprake van die Afrikaanse mediamagnaat Koos Bekker van Naspers-faam, sodat die diskursiewe magsverhoudings waarbinne hy hom bevind duideliker omskryf kan word. Behalwe dat Bekker baie media-blootstelling gekry het, het hy die afgelope dekade of meer ook verskeie meningsartikels tot die koerante van Naspers bygedra, en die argument is dat hy as 'n invloedryke meningsvormer (die draer van "meta-kapitaal" in n Bourdieuaanse sin) in die samelewing funksioneer. In dié verband verwys die artikel na die diskoersteorie van Foucault en Bourdieu se vergelykbare teorieë oor die verband tussen taalgebruik en magsuitoefening. Daaruit vloei die metodiek van kritiese diskoersanalise, wat na aanleiding van die werk van Fairclough en Van Dijk hier op drie vlakke - teks, konteks van produksie, en samelewingskonteks - geskied. Die bevinding van die artikel is onder meer dat Bekker se komplekse posisionering ten opsigte van Afrikaans en Afrikaners gekenmerk word deur 'n identifisering met wit en bruin Afrikaanse jeugdiges, maar dat hy minder begrip vertoon vir die ouer geslag wit Afrikaners. Bekker beklemtoon ook gereeld die positiewe aspekte van kulturele inklusiwiteit en diversiteit, en is oor die algemeen optimisties, maar by tye ook skerp krities oor die "nuwe" Suid-Afrika. Sy skryfstyl, keuse van onderwerpe en publikasieplatforms getuig van strategiese berekendheid.
Die invloed van biografiese faktore op sorg in skoolleierskap
Authors: van der Vyver C
Published: April 2016

Die ervaring van sorg in skoolleierskap het h invloed op opvoeders se werksbevrediging asook hul belewing van die gehalte van werkslewe. Die sorgsaamheid van die skoolhoof kan die effektiwiteit en werkverrigting van opvoeders in die onderrig- en leersituasie verhoog, wat weer die effektiwiteit van die skool as organisasie kan verhoog. Hierdie navorsing het gewentel om die vraag: Watter invloed het sekere biografiese faktore op die gee van sorg deur skoolhoofde en die ervaar daarvan deur die opvoeders? Die navorsing is uitgevoer in die vorm van h opname wat gedoen is onder h steekproef skoolhoofde en opvoeders in die Noordwes-Provinsie. Die resultate toon dat skoolhoofde uit voorheen bevoordeelde groepe hulle in h groter mate as sorgsaam evalueer as voorheen benadeelde skoolhoofde. Oor die algemeen beskou skoolhoofde uit voorheen bevoordeelde groepe hulleself ook as meer sorgsaam jeens opvoeders uit voorheen bevoordeelde groepe as teenoor opvoeders uit voorheen benadeelde groepe. Opvoeders uit voorheen benadeelde groepe ervaar self h mindere mate van sorg, veral ten opsigte van die werkplek-bepalers. Skoolhoofde behoort meer opleiding te ontvang in emosionele intelligensie en die ander psigologiese aspekte van sorg. Verder moet die Departement van Basiese Onderwys kennis neem van die nadelige invloed van gebrekkige infrastruktuur op die ervaring van sorg in voorheen benadeelde gebiede.
Aspek in Afrikaans: 'n Teoretiese beskrywing
Authors: Breed A
Published: April 2016

Die Afrikaanse werkwoordstelsel onderskei tussen verlede, hede en toekoms (met ander woorde tussen verskillende tempusbetekenisse), maar is meerduidig met betrekking tot grammatikaal-aspektuele betekenis. Die Afrikaanse werkwoord spesifiseer nie op 'n verpligte wyse 'n onderskeid tussen perfektiewe, anterior- of imperfektiewe betekenis nie. Die ongemerkte stamvorm (in die hede) en die het ge-vorm (in die verlede) word gebruik om hierdie verskillende aspektuele betekenisse uit te druk. Afrikaans kan derhalwe geklassifiseer word as 'n nie-aspektuele taal (vergelyk Bylund 2013:932). Die aspektuele meerduidigheid van Afrikaans het 'n verreikende effek op die wyse waarop hierdie taal se grammatika in die Afrikaanse akademiese literatuur beskryf of verstaan word. Daar bestaan onder sommige skrywers die siening dat die werkwoordelike vorm van Afrikaans onvoldoende is om sekere aspektuele nuanses en betekenisse uit te druk (vergelyk Brink 1976:93; De Villiers 1962:250; Du Toit 1940:250; Meyer 2010; Paul 2010; Visser 2012; Wybenga 1983:1). Beskrywings soos "maklik", "vereenvoudig", "sonder 'n werklike sisteem" en "problematies" is al gebruik om die Afrikaanse grammatikale temporele uitdrukking te beskryf (vergelyk Anon 2010; Britz 2002; De Villiers 1962:59). Die aanname bestaan selfs by sommige skrywers dat Afrikaans "geen aspek het nie" (vergelyk Van der Merwe 1968a:281). 'n Moontlike rede vir hierdie sienings is die feit dat die uitdrukking van aspek in Afrikaans nog nie voldoende nagevors of beskryf is nie. Die enkele bestaande publikasies oor die onderwerp bied nie 'n goeie verduideliking van die begrip "aspek" nie, en dui nie voldoende die verskillende wyses waarop aspek in Afrikaans uitgedruk kan word, aan nie. Hierdie artikel probeer die tweeledige leemte vul deur eerstens 'n algemeen-teoretiese beskrywing van aspek aan te bied, en tweedens op 'n sistematiese wyse aan te toon watter linguistiese strategies in Afrikaans aangewend word om aspektuele betekenis uit te druk.
Faktore wat die weglating van die Afrikaanse onderskikker dat bepaal
Authors: van Rooy B , Kruger H
Published: April 2016

Die stelbysin in geskrewe Afrikaans vertoon twee variante. Die onderskikker dat word saam met afhanklike woordorde (SXV) gebruik in die een vorm, terwyl die ander vorm sonder die onderskikker voorkom en hoofsinwoordorde (SVX) gebruik. In hierdie artikel word die korpuslinguistiek as metode gebruik om ondersoek in te stel na die faktore wat verband hou met die keuse tussen die twee variante. 'n Analise van die Taalkommissiekorpus dui daarop dat die werkwoord van die hoofsin veral deurslaggewend is vir die keuse. Werkwoorde met 'n algemene betekenis wat met hoë frekwensie voorkom word eerder saam met die stelbysin sonder 'n onderskikker gebruik, terwyl werkwoorde met 'n meer spesifieke betekenis en dikwels laer frekwensie kombineer met die stelbysin wat 'n eksplisiete onderskikker bevat. Verder speel die register van tekste 'n rol, deurdat meer formele registers eerder die variant met dat verkies. Die bevindinge dui daarop dat die vorm sonder dat geassosieer word met hoër tematiese prominensie vir die stelbysin, terwyl die vorm met dat die prominensie verskuif na die hoofsin.
Over lexicale voorkeuren in de alternantie tussen de "skoon bysin" en de "dat-bysin": Een distinctieve collexeemanalyse
Authors: Colleman T , Feinauer I , Braeckeveldt C
Published: April 2016

Het is bekend dat de variatie in het hedendaagse Afrikaans tussen (i) de complementzin met bijzinsvolgorde en het onderschikkend voegwoord dat en (ii) de zgn. "skoon bysin" zonder voegwoord en met hoofdzinsvolgorde onder meer bepaald wordt door lexicale factoren: de skoon bysin zou vooral voorkomen na matrixzinnen met sê, dink, glo, hoop of een ander (hoog frequent) werkwoord van communicatie of cognitie (zie bv. Malherbe 1966; Feinauer 1990; Bosch 1999). Empirisch onderzoek naar de lexicale voorkeuren van allerlei matrixwerkwoorden voor deze of gene constructie is echter nog nauwelijks voorhanden. In deze bijdrage wordt aan de hand van een distinctieve collexeemanalyse (Gries & Stefanowitsch 2004) nagegaan welke werkwoorden een significante voorkeur vertonen voor de dat-bijzin dan wel de skoon bysin in een corpus hedendaags journalistiek taalgebruik. We vergelijken de resultaten met de bevindingen van Van Rooy & Kruger (2016) en formuleren enkele voorzichtige conclusies over de semantische subtypes van werkwoorden die wel en niet worden aangetrokken tot de constructie met een skoon bysin.
Cytological elucidation of somaclonal variation in grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.)
Authors: Tripathy* Swapan K. , Panda Ananya , Lenka Devraj
Published: April 2016

A cytological study of root tips, primary calli, sub-culture calli and regenerants of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L) cv. Nayagarh local was carried out for elucidation of the origin of tissue culture instability and somaclonal variation. Wide range of euploids, aneuploids and structural variations of chromosomes including stickiness, multipolar spindle, asymmetric chromatid separation, binucleate cells with micronuclei and chromosome bridges and fragments could be the cause for tissue culture instability. Frequency of chromosomal anomalies in calli increased with the age of subculrure and the increase was more in B5 medium supplemented with 2, 4-D than NAA. Majority of the abnormalities happens to be sieved off owing to morphogenetic selectivity. While, a few of these were carried on to regenerants as evidenced from mitotic (euploid, aneuploid and structural variation) and meiotic (interchanges and/or loss of chromosome segments following breakage events, lack of pairing resulting univalents, precocious and late separation of bivalents, anaphase laggards, conspicuous anaphase bridges with or without acentric fragments, chromosome rings, tetrad with multinucleoli) abnormalities in regenerants. Such carry-over events have been substantiated as the origin of somaclonal variation in regenerants.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate salt stress in lupine (Lupinus termis Forsik) through modulation of antioxidant defense systems and physiological traits
Authors: Hashem1,2 Abeer , Abd_Allah* Elsayed Fathi , Alqarawi Abdilaziz A. , Wirth3 Stephan , Egamberdieva3 Dilfuza
Published: April 2016

The present study was carried with the aim to demonstrate and examine the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth, anti-oxidants metabolism and some key physio-biochemical attributes including the osmotic constituents in Lupinus termis exposed to salt stress. Salt stress (250 mM NaCl) reduced growth, AMF colonisation, relative water content and chlorophyll pigment content. However, AMF ameliorated the negative effect of salinity on these growth parameters. Salt stress increased the activities of key antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD). Inoculation of AMF enhanced the activities of these enzymes and caused an increase in the accumulation of osmotic components resulting in the maintainence of tissue water content. Proline, glycine betaine and sugars increased with salinity stress and AMF inoculation. Plants subjected to salt stress showed considerable variations in the endogenous levels of growth hormones. Reduced lipid peroxidation and increased membrane stability in AMF inoculated plants and enhanced activity of anti-oxidants enzymes confers the role of AMF in assuaging the salt stress induced deleterious effects.
Conception Et Analyse De La Structure Factorielle D’un Outil Informatisé D’évaluation Des Enseignements
Authors: Ghizlane Chemsi , Mounir Sadiq , Mohamed Radid , Mohammed Talbi
Published: April 2016

Students‘ assassment of the quality of teaching and educationis a valuable tool through which lecturers can find out what the participants think of their educational task. This is a kind of assessment which is embeded right in the centre of the pedagogical act and which brings together the principal agents pertaining to the university teaching system (students, lecturers, and the staff in charge). However, this form of assessment is disputed as it encounters significant obstacles, namely difficulties in terms of the management of this assessment as well as in terms of reliability and validity of its measuring tools. This paper aims at providing the necessary steps for an elaboration and a foundation of an online measure of evaluating teaching and education. Such a computerised evaluation is to be administeredby students who are studying at the Faculty of Science, Ben M’Sik - Casablanca, Morocco. To begin with, in this online tool of evaluatin we shall describe the stages of this elaboration, includingcertain chosen criteria. Secondly, we will show the way in which the functionalities and possibilities of an online tool of assessment can effectively be handledby students within an institute of Higher Education. In concludion,we end this study by providing a factor analysis of this computerised instrument: this is to be carried out through the most important measures, namely, validity and authenticity.
The Impact Of Macroeconomic Factors In Economic Growth
Authors: Kryeziu Alush
Published: April 2016

In this paper will be discussed the main concepts and trends of the macro-fiscal indicators in economic growth, as well as their importance in the economic development of different countries, with special emphasis in Kosovo. One of the aims of this paper is to define and explain the connection between macroeconomic indicators with specific emphasis: the public debt, budget deficit and inflation on economic growth. In order to analyze this impact of variables in economic growth, the targeted time period of research is the period from 2004 to 2014. While the data taken regarding Kosovo were obtained from the year 2005, due to the fact that earlier the data have been limited because of the developments in which Kosovo went through. The model that best represents the link between macro-fiscal indicators on economic growth is the linear regression as an econometric model. We will have the opportunity to see and interpret these data. The overall results have emerged in accordance with theoretical discussions presented, but this relationship has not turned out to be very strong because the coefficients acquired did not have great explanatory skills for economic phenomena.
Transition Rate Of Girls From Lower Primary To Upper Primary, Kajiado County
Authors: Nyagah S. N. , Luketero S.W.
Published: April 2016

This study is on factors that influence the girls’ transition rate from lower primary to upper primary in public primary schools of Kajiado County, Kenya. Four study questions guided the study. Literature review focused on international calls on girl’s education among the pastoral communities and the girl’s education in Kenya and Africa at large. The study focused on the factors that influence girls’ education which include the socio-cultural factors, socio-economic factors, school based factors and early teenage pregnancies which include the flight of the girls due to the effects of HIV/AIDS and FGM. The study used the descriptive survey design. The target population for the study was 524 comprising of 14 head teachers and 510 class six girls from all the fourteen public primary schools in Kajiado County. The sample for the study was 14 head teachers, and 16% of the girls (82) in class six from the selected schools. Based on the findings the following conclusions were made: Early marriage was found to be the main cause of girls not graduating to the next higher level of education in public primary schools. Female genital mutilation (FGM) was the second contributing factor to low transition rate of girls. Results on physical facilities had mixed reactions. Majority of the girls (72.5%) belief that lack of physical facilities had no influence on them being or not being in school. This meant that whether the physical facilities are available or not the girls will still continue with their education. Early pregnancies represented by 88.4% most likely to lead to girls leaving school before completing the entire primary cycle. Only 8.7% of the respondents indicated that early pregnancy had no influence on girls being or not being in school. It was found that there was high percentage of girls out of school due to lack of female teachers in their school to act as role models. The study also established that most of the girls from poor households go through FGM as compared to those from rich households, in which case FGM will lead to early pregnancies hence the girl leaving school.
An Investigation Of The Relationship Between Students’ Views On Homework And Their Learning Styles
Authors: Saban Ayten Iflazoglu
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between students’ views on homework and their learning styles. The study follows a descriptive survey model. It is also an example of descriptive study in relational screening model. Target population is all first, second, third, and fourth year students who are enrolled in Çukurova University Primary School Classroom Teaching Department. The participants are 443 students who volunteered to fill in the data collection forms used in the study. Of the participants, 90 were first year, 103 were second year, 140 were third year, and 110 were fourth year students. 275 of the students participating in the study were female (62.1%) and 168 were male (37.9%). The data were collected through “Homework Attitudes Scale” developed by Gündüz (2005), Kolb’s Learning Styles Inventory (LSI) which was first examined for its applicability in Turkey by Aşkar and Akkoyunlu (1993), “Homework Purpose Scale”, “Homework Management Scale” and “Personal Information Form” developed by the researcher. No instruments were used to measure students’ academic success levels; their academic success was identified according to the overall mean score obtained from the scores they received from all lessons. Findings show that 141 students (31.8%) preferred assimilating learning style while 133 students (30%) preferred converging learning style. Dominant learning style was found to differ according to grade level and grade point average. The difference in terms of homework attitudes, homework purpose, and homework management scale mean scores was in favour of mostly students who have converging learning style. Besides, there was a significant difference in terms of doing homework on time in favour of students who have converging learning style, and there was a significant difference in terms of coming to class without homework in favour of students who have diverging learning style.
Is Socialism A Utopian Dream?
Authors: Jossa Bruno
Published: April 2016

The idea that the establishment of a centrally planned system or the creation of a worker-controlled system amount to a socialist revolution is closely associated with the main contradictions that Marx highlighted in capitalism: the capital-labour conflict or the mismatch between planned production and anarchical distribution. Analysing these alternative forms of revolution, the author raises a number of questions: which of them fits human nature better? which of them is more closely associated with Darwinian evolutionism? is it correct to assume that democratic firm management tends to improve human nature?
Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases and Social Interactions in Kenya: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Mwai Daniel
Published: April 2016

Despite a remarkable progress in the control and management of communicable diseases over the past century, the world is not better-off as the prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) is on the increase, both in developed and developing countries. The upsurge in NCD prevalence is attributable to risk factors both outside and within the control of individuals. . One risk factor that has received less attention than it deserves is the social interactions variable. Social interactions are the established relationships among individuals, e.g., among peers or persons in the same circumstances. Interactions of persons in the same circumstances affect behavior because of the necessity for the individual to conform to established group norms or values. It is believed that NCD prevalence in Kenya is high in sections of the populations where social interactions among certain groups is intense, but little evidence exists in support of this supposition. This paper examines this assumption taking into account the endogeneity of behavior in a group setting .In particular, we estimate a binary probit model of an individual contracting a non-communicable disease, conditional on engaging in certain consumption behaviors that are malleable by peer or group pressure. The key finding from the estimation exercise is that variables that capture social interactions such as the village level means of drinking alcohol, consuming vegetables and fruits, and smoking cigarettes are significantly associated with the likelihood of getting an NCD. The policy implication of this finding is that NCD prevalence in Kenya can be reduced by implementing programs to change health behaviors within social groups.
Le Rôle De La Responsabilité Sociale Des Entreprises Dans La Gestion Des Risques Psychosociaux: Cas De L'agence Nationale Des Ports
Authors: Tourabi Amina
Published: April 2016

Understood as a key theme in management literature, social responsibility (CSR) is installed between two frames reflections namely business ethics and sustainable development. Several researchers have invested in the issue of CSR but few who have reconciled with the risk management and prevention modalities. By analyzing the social contribution of CSR, our goal is to highlight the emerging relationship between CSR and management of psychosocial risks (RPS), formulating the following questions: can we reconcile CSR as a tool RPS management? What is the contribution of CSR to PR management issues? What is the effect of CSR on factors psychosocial risks? Based on the theoretical foundations of CSR, we propose to cross the methodology and action of CSR in RPS generators factors while controlling the level of well-being at work. By analyzing the perception of the employees of the CSR approach, we presented the maturity level of CSR through the materiality test, then we evaluated the social aspect of the approach through the score method to finally study the differences between the criticality PHI before and after the CSR deployment in port activity
Translating Humor: A Case of Censorship vs. Social Translation
Authors: Okyayuz A.Sirin
Published: April 2016

In Turkey, as in the case of other countries, due to developments in technology and the rise of the ‘social translation’ sector, audiences have the opportunity to watch TV shows, including sitcoms, with Turkish subtitles on a multitude of platforms. Although some of these platforms are TV channels, there are also alternatives presented by Internet sites. By virtue of the fact that there are different subtitlers of the same show, it becomes beneficial to study the work of professional translators vs. social translators, to understand their constraints and realities, as well as the differences between them. This study provides a comparative analysis of the two, within the context of the American sitcom Two and a Half Men.
The Extent To Which Social Studies Teachers Supreme Basic Stage In Aqaba Governorate My Skills For Decision-Making And Solving Classroom Problems
Authors: Tarawneh Doha I.
Published: April 2016

This study aimed to reveal the extent to which social studies teachers basic upper stage in Aqaba Governorate of my skills to make decisions and solve classroom problems in Jordan, the study population consisted of all social studies teachers basic upper phase in the province of Aqaba in Jordan; where formed the sample of 49 teachers of the study population, of whom 18 teachers and 31 teacher, spread over the sample schools were distributed a questionnaire designed for this purpose in advance after the arbitration process of conducting a tribal them, where the collected data were statistically analyzed where they were entered into a computer and used a researcher at the process analysis Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and software (Excel) .quart researcher extracted the arithmetic means, and standard deviations for each paragraph and each area of study, as well as the researcher used t-test. Results of averages, standard deviations, and showed that skill for decision-making at the highest arithmetic averages and standard deviations in favor of females to males. The study concluded with recommendations in their entirety focus attention on the need for the development of teachers' ability to deal with classroom problems and taking into account the situation of students as well as giving Thinking greater share of decision-making in the field of teacher preparation.