bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOCIO-POLITICAL ACTIVITIES OF VOLODYMYR KOKHAN IN THE HISTORIOGRAPHICAL DISCOURSE
Authors: KOSTYSHYN Roman
Published: December 2020

The state of research of socio-political activities of Volodymyr Kokhan by Ukrainian and Polish scholars - a well-known Ukrainian politician, ambassador (deputy) to the Polish Sejm, public figure - was analyzed. The research, mostly memoir, partially covers the following issues: V. Kokhan's participation in World War І, the establishment of the West Ukrainian People's Republic (WUNR); membership in the Ukrainian Military Organization (UMO), the Ukrainian Party of National Labor (UPNL); social activities; the 1928 election campaign and parliamentary activities; organizational activities in the National Unity Front (NUF); emigration work in Canada.

A complete work devoted to the life of V. Kokhan is the article by Stepan Volynets "Volodymyr Kokhan", in the collection of articles "Peredvisnyky i tvortsi Lystopadovoho zryvu. Zakhidno-ukrainski hromadski i politychni diiachi". Little-known facts of public and political activities are covered in numerous editions: historical and memoir collections "Nadbuzhanshchyna: Sokalshchyna, Belzchyna, Radekhivshchyna, Kaminechchyna, Kholmshchyna i Pidliashshia"; the collection of works and materials "Dmytro Paliiv. Zhyttia i diialnist". In modern Ukrainian historiography, a politician's activity is partially revealed in the scientific explorations of Mykola Kuhutiak, Ihor Soliar, Mykhailo Shvahuliak, and others. In the contemporary Polish historiography highlighted the works by Ryszard Torzecki and Ryszard Tomczyk, which briefly reveal the activities of a well-known politician in the Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance (UNDA) and the Ukrainian Parliamentary Representation (UPR). It was noted that in Ukrainian and foreign historiography, the 1920s and 1930s of V. Kokhan's life are most fully analyzed: his contribution to the activities of cooperative, educational and sports public organizations of Sokal region; the evolution of political activities (from UPNL to NUF), relations with then politicians. The 1940s and 1960s of V. Kokhan's social activities remain little studied.
Keywords

Volodymyr Kokhan, socio-political activities, UNDA, NUF, historiography.
FORMATION OF THE PERSONALITY OF THE UPA COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF VASYL KUK (1913–1941)
Authors: ROMANIUK Mykhailo
Published: December 2020

The study investigates the formation of the personality of Vasyl Kuk (1913–2007) – the leader of the OUN armed forces and the UPA Commander-in-Chief (1950–1954), a social and political activist of independent Ukraine. Based on unpublished sources and various published materials, the first stage of the future leader's life and the organizational path was recreated. It chronologically covers the period from his birth until 1941, when he joined the OUN Wire, thus becoming one of the leaders of the Ukrainian liberation movement of that period.

Particular attention is paid to the family environment in which V. Kuk grew up. Almost all members of his family, close and distant relatives, were somehow engaged by the nationalist movement, were repeatedly repressed by the police of Poland, the Bolshevik USSR, and Nazi Germany, and eventually, two of his brothers were killed by Poles. His participation in the socio-political life of the region, in particular, in the societies "Prosvita" and "Plast," which he joined in 1927, was recreated. The author also outlined V. Kuk's educational path firstly as a graduate of Zolochiv private classical gymnasium of Ukrainian Pedagogical Society "Ridna Shkola" and then as a student in the Faculty of Law at the Catholic University of Lublin.

Extensive coverage is given to the entry of the future leader of the national liberation movement into the OUN, repression by the Polish occupation authorities, the way of promoting him along the organizational vertical and the functional responsibilities within the Zolochiv county executive committee of the OUN, areas of his work in the underground since May 1937.

The character traits and professional abilities of V. Kuk, which contributed to his progressive entry into the top leadership of the Ukrainian liberation movement in the mid-20th century, are considered.
Keywords
Vasyl Kuk, Plast, Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, County Executive, Polish Police, expropriation action, Zolochiv region, Pidhaitsi region, armed uprising, emigration, military intelligence service.
UNKNOWN LVIV ARCHIVES' DOCUMENTS ON THE ACTIVITIES OF ROMAN SHUKHEVYCH AT THE UKRAINIAN STUDENT SPORTS CLUB
Authors: SOVA Andrii
Published: December 2020

The author, for the first time, publishes documents from the State Archives of Lviv Region and the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Lviv (CDIAL of Ukraine) concerning Roman Shukhevych's activities at the Ukrainian Student Sports Club (USSC) in Lviv during March 1931 - March 1934. It significantly supplements the biography of a leading figure of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) and the future Commander-in-Chief of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA). Besides studying at Lviv Polytechnic and illegal activities in the OUN, Roman Shukhevych was actively involved in the USSC. The documents reveal his sporting achievements: he repeatedly took part in swimming competitions. For example, on September 6, 1931, he set a record for swimming in the 4x50 m freestyle among Ukrainian athletes in Galicia together with Mykhailo Polishchuk, Volodymyr Slipko, and Yurii Shukhevych. Much attention is given to the activity of R. Shukhevych as an organizational functionary, in particular as a Deputy Chairman of the USSC sports section, as well as a referee in swimming and athletics competitions. The published documents also clarify the life of Roman Shukhevych's brother Yurii, who was also an athlete and a member of the USSC (frequently participated in swimming competitions, set records in this sport) and other Ukrainian nationalists who did sports during this period, including Stepan Bandera, Dmytro Hrytsai, Oleksa Gasyn, Edvard Zharskyi, Yevhen Polotniuk, Ivan Seniv.

Keywords
Keywords: Roman Shukhevych, Lviv, Ukrainian Student Sports Club, sport, sports competitions, swimming, athletics, refereeing.
FEATURES OF USING THE EXPERIENCE OF THE ARMED STRUGGLE FOR STATEHOOD, 1918-1919, IN THE CREATION OF UKRAINIAN NATIONAL SELF-DEFENSE, 1943
Authors: DROHOBYTSKYI Ihor
Published: December 2020

The article covers some aspects of the use of military experience of Ukrainian armed groups of the period of the national liberation struggle 1917–1921 by the members of the nationalist wing of the national resistance movement during World War II.

Much attention is given to measures aimed at the development of tactical units of the structure of the Ukrainian People's Self-Defense (Ukrainska Narodna Samooborona; UNS) in the second half of 1943 in Galicia.

These facts are analyzed in the context of the development of a national army concept among leaders of Ukrainian nationalists at the various stages of the Nazi-Soviet war (1941–1945). The main stages of their vision evolution of the development process of the domestic armed forces are outlined. The author highlights the reasons and the factors of shifting focus from the idea of creating a regular army to the idea of deploying a partisan form of struggle against the occupation regimes, characterized the role of the armed forces in the implementation of the idea of national statehood. The specifics of the ideological motive of the armed struggle are revealed with emphasis on the tradition of struggle for the nation's interest.

The paper also concentrates on external and internal preconditions for expanding the geography of armed resistance to the occupiers, regional specifics in the processes of deployment of military structures run by the nationalist wing of the Ukrainian resistance movement.
Keywords
tradition, statehood, armed forces, resistance, nationalism.
Giresun ili Şebinkarahisar ilçesinde farklı topoğrafyalarda oluşmuş toprakların tarımsal özellikleri
Authors: ATMACA Bahadır , NALBANT Hafize
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışma, Giresun ili Şebinkarahisar ilçesinde farklı topoğrafik özelliklere sahip alanlarda oluşmuş toprakların bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada toplam 14 adet yüzey toprak örneği (0-30 cm) kullanılmıştır. İncelenen topraklar C, CL, SCL ve SL tekstür sınıflarında bulunmuştur. Tamamı tuzsuz olarak sınıflandırılan toprakların büyük çoğunluğu hafif alkalin ve nötr toprak reaksiyonuna sahiptirler. Kireç kapsamları 0 ile % 38.44, organik madde içerikleri % 0.75 - 2.85 aralığındadır. Potasyum, kalsiyum, magnezyum, demir ve bakır içerikleri bakımından toprakların eksik olduğu saptanmamıştır. Toplam azot, fosfor, çinko ve mangan açısından ise bazı topraklarda eksiklikler bulunmuştur. 970-1176 m yükselti grubu topraklarının ortalama pH, kireç, K, Mg ve Zn değerleri; 1278-1464 m yükseltilerdeki topraklarda da ortalama organik madde, toplam azot, P, Ca, Fe, Cu ve Mn değerleri daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Kireç için ortalama değer % 10-15 eğim grubunda fazla belirlenmiştir. Kuzey bakı grubundaki toprakların ortalama kireç, Mg, Fe ve Mn içerikleri, güney bakı grubundakilere göre daha yüksek saptanmıştır. Farklı yükselti değerlerindeki kireç varlığı değişkenliğinin, ana materyal çeşitliliği kaynaklı olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Dikmen Tepesi’nden Avutmuş Çayı'na kadar değişen yükselti değerlerinde ve bakı yönlerinde toprak özellikleri ve bitki besin elementleri bakımından önemli bir değişme saptanmamıştır.
Kaya fosfat ve TSP gübresi ile uygulanan Micrococcus luteus AR-72'nin toprağın bazı biyolojik özellikleri, NO3 ve alınabilir P içeriğine etkisi
Authors: BAYRAKLI Betül
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, kaya fosfat ve TSP (triple süper fosfat) gübresi ile beraber yapılan Micrococcus luteus aşılamasının toprakların bazı alınabilir P ve NO3-N içerikleri ile toprakların biyolojik özellikleri (toprak solunumu, mikrobiyal biyomas C, dehidrogenaz, fosfataz aktivitesi) üzerine olan etkileri araştırılmıştır. Denemede materyal olarak kullanılan toprağın fosfor fiksasyon kapasitesi ve topraktaki alınabilir P içeriği dikkate alınarak, buğday bitkisi özelinde toprağa verilmesi gereken fosforun sırasıyla % 0, 25, 50, 75 ve 100’ün kaya fosfat ve TSP’den karşılanması ve Micrococcus luteus AR-72 ile toprağın aşılanması ve aşılama yapılmamasına göre deneme konuları oluşturulmuştur. Deneme konularına göre oluşturulan saksılar 25 0C’de 120 gün inkübasyona bırakılmıştır. İnkübasyon denemesi boyunca 30’ar günlük periyodlarda 4 toprak örneklemesi yapılmıştır. Her bir inkübasyon döneminde saksılardan alınan toprak örneklerinde alınabilir P ve NO3-N ile toprak solunumu (TS), mikrobiyal biyomas C (MBC), dehidrogenaz (DHA) ve alkalen fosfataz (FA) aktivitesi değerleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, hem kaya fosfat hem de TSP ile beraber yapılan Micrococcus luteus AR-72, aşılamanın yapılmadığı uygulamalara göre toprakların alınabilir P ve NO3-N içeriğini daha fazla artırdığı saptanmıştır. Bununla beraber TSP gübresi ile beraber yapılan aşılamanın ise kaya fosfata göre alınabilir P ve NO3-N içeriğini daha fazla artırdığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca hem kaya fosfat hem de TSP ile beraber yapılan Micrococcus luteus AR-72 aşılaması, aşılamanın yapılmadığı uygulamalara göre toprakların MBC, TS, DHA ve FA içeriğini daha fazla artırmış, kaya fosfat gübresi ile beraber yapılan aşılama TSP’ye göre toprakların MBC, TS ve DHA içeriğinde daha fazla artış sağlamış ancak FA değerleri TSP gübresi ile beraber yapılan aşılamada daha yüksek bulunmuştur.
MATEMATİK EĞİTİMİNDE ÖNE ÇIKAN GÜNCEL DEĞERLER
Authors: İLHAN Aziz , POÇAN Serdal
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı matematik eğitiminde 21. yüzyıl değerlerini detaylı bir bakış açısı ile sunmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda ulusal ve uluslararası veri tabanları “matematik öğrenme alanında değerler” kavramı ile ilgili anahtar kelimeler kullanılarak 21. yüzyıl itibariyle yapılan tüm çalışmalar taranmıştır. İlgili alanyazın dokuman analizi yöntemi ile taranmıştır. Tarama neticesinde matematik eğitiminde değerler ile ilgili 55 çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamına dâhil edilen bilimsel çalışmalar, yayınlanma yılı ve araştırma grubu başlıkları altında kategorize edilmiştir. Ayrıca tarama sonucunda ulaşılan araştırmalar içerik anlamında detaylı bir şekilde analiz edilerek matematik eğitiminde tespit edilen değerler, öne çıkan bulgular ve öneriler belirlenmiş, okuyucuya sunulmuştur. Matematik eğitiminde değerler kavramı ile ilgili bilimsel çalışmaların son dokuz yılda artış gösterdiği ve önem kazandığı görülmüş, matematik eğitiminde seksen yedi değer tespit edilmiştir. Bilimsel çalışmalarda dayanışma, işbirliği, grup çalışması, yardımseverlik, akılcılık, rasyonalizm, nesnel anlama, sorumluluk, açıklık ve saygı değerlerinin ön plana çıktığı elde edilen bir diğer sonuçtur. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgular çerçevesinde matematik öğrenme alanına ilişkin değerler ile ilgili birtakım önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Reestruturação Produtiva: Impactos Sobre a “Questão Social”
Authors: Pê Simone Zeferino , Cristovam Francisca Kelly Gomes , Araújo Maria Jucineide , Dantas Dina Mara Pinheiro , Brandão Ivone Agra , Santana Ajanayr Michelly Sobral
Published: December 2020

Este artigo tem como tema as repercussões das metamorfoses no universo trabalhista. Debateremos como as modificações que decorrente da produção capitalista trazem consequências para os empregados, ocasionando o aumento do desemprego, da pobreza, da fome, da desigualdade social, entre outros fatores. Assim, observamos como o processo de reestruturação produtiva intensifica desigualdades “questão social” na sociedade contemporânea. Desse modo, a pesquisa objetiva discutir as contribuições negativas provocadas pelas metamorfoses nas vivências da classe trabalhadora. Para percorrer este caminho, decidimos verificar como os sujeitos são afetados no âmbito do trabalho pelos avanços tecnológicos, fator preponderante para aumentar as desigualdades entre os prestadores de serviços. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, a partir de um levantamento bibliográfico sobre as mudanças ocorridas no processo de produção do capital. O referido estudo está embasado nos pressupostos teóricos referentes às repercussões das metamorfoses no mundo do trabalho. Dentro da lógica do toyotismo, a captura da subjetividade do trabalhador pelo capital é capaz de promover uma nova via de racionalização do trabalho, provocando a desregulamentação do emprego, intensificando os níveis de exploração dos trabalhadores, através de trabalhos polivalentes, multifuncionais, precarizados, terceirizados, perpetuando as diversas expressões da “questão social”, tais como: pobreza, fome, trabalhos informais e a falta de acesso à saúde e educação de qualidade. Ao fim do estudo, percebemos que a reestruturação produtiva trouxe diversos impactos para o mundo do trabalho e para os assalariados.
Influência da temperatura na superação de dormência e germinação de Brachiaria
Authors: Menegazzo Renato Fernando , Menegazzo André Werlang , Francisco João Paulo , Lopes Ana Daniela
Published: December 2020

As Regras de Análise de Sementes (RAS) recomendam uma escarificação com ácido sulfúrico e umedecimento do substrato com nitrato de potássio a 0,2% para a superação de dormência de Brachiaria e sua germinação. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o emprego de metodologia alternativa aos tratamentos recomendados pela RAS por resfriamento das sementes a 4°C e imersão em água destilada à temperatura ambiente e ao nitrato de sódio 0,2%, por duas horas, para a superação de dormência e germinação de B. decumbens Stapf cv. Basilisk e B. brizantha (Hochst. Ex. A. Rich.) Stapf cv. Marandu e cv. Piatã. Para tanto, foi estruturado Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado 3×2×2, em caixas gerbox, para comparar os percentuais de germinação de sementes mantidas em temperatura ambiente e embebidas em H2O e em H2O + NaNO3 com sementes refrigeradas e embebidas em H2O e em H2O + NaNO3. Também foi estruturado DIC em rolo, para, além do PG (%), avaliar comprimento da parte aérea (cm) e de raiz (cm) e massa fresca total (g). Foram, ainda, realizados testes de tetrazólio e índice de velocidade de germinação. Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste de Tukey (p≤0,05). A porcentagem de germinação avaliada aos 14 dias foi afetada pelas cultivares e temperatura, sendo que as sementes refrigeradas a 4ºC superaram as mantidas em temperatura ambiente (aumento de 220%). Não houve diferença significativa para o fator de embebição em H2O ou H2O + NaNO3.
Larangan Penggunaan Fasilitas Negara Dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Berdasarkan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan
Authors: Ardenolis Ardenolis , Fahmi Sudi , Ardiansyah Ardiansyah
Published: December 2020

Penyalahgunaan fasilitas negara untuk kepentingan kampanye petahana memang sudah cukup sering terjadi. Dimana para calon petahanan dianggap menggunakan baliho “promo daerah” yang sebenarnya bertujuan untuk mengenalkan daerah tersebut, juga digunakan sebagai alat untuk berkampanye secara terselubung. Terlebih didalam baliho tersebut hanya menonjolkan sosok mereka dibalik program pemerintah daerah dan “promo daerah”, sehingga hal tersebut dapat dikatagorikan kedalam kampanye terselubung. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah adalah Larangan Penggunaan Fasilitas Negara Dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Berdasarkan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Dan Akibat Hukum Terhadap Larangan Penggunaan Fasilitas Negara Dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Berdasarkan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan.Dengan adanya kewenangan tersebut, sangat memungkinkan bagi kepala daerah untuk membujuk, memengaruhi bahkan memerintah para bawahannya untuk berpihak dan memberikan dukungan untuk kepentingan kepala daerah. Akibat hukum dari Larangan Penggunaan Fasilitas Negara Dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Berdasarkan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan bahwa Pasal 187 ayat (3) Undang-Undang No. 1 Tahun 2015 Tentang Pemilihan Kepala Daerah yaitu pidana penjara paling singkat 1 (satu) bulan atau paling lama 6(enam) bulan dan/atau denda paling sedikit Rp 100.000,00 (seratus ribu rupiah) atau paling banyak Rp 1.000.000,00 (satu juta rupiah), apabila terindikasi melakukan tindak pidana penyelewengan fasilitas negara. Namun banyak yang tidak melaporkan ke ranah hukum akibat tidak adanya sosialisasi dan informasi dari pihak Bawaslu kepada instansi stake holder, yakni KPU, Pemda, Kepolisian dan Satpol PP.
NAÏVE BAYES AND BLACK BOX TESTING IMPLEMENTATION ON SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF ALOE VERA PRODUCT REVIEWS
Authors: Ambarwati Putri
Published: December 2020

Aloe vera soothing gel is one of the best-selling products and the most widely reviewed on the Althea Korea website. This product has been reviewed by 1,448 users on the Althea website. The result of the research can be used to minimize mistakes in product purchases. Besides, through a review of a product, the company can analyze the level of customer satisfaction and can be a suggestion for improvements in the future. Therefore, a system is needed to analyze the sentiment towards aloe vera soothing gel to determine the review as a positive or negative sentiment. The method used in this research is the Naïve Bayes method and uses the classification carried out by linguists as a reference for determining positive and negative sentiment. There are two tests carried out in this research, namely confusion matrix testing and black-box testing. The result of the confusion matrix test found an accuracy of 94.62% and the result of black-box testing showed that the output produced was by the application functionality.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EXTRACTION FEATURE USING GLCM AND BACK-PROPAGATION ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK TO CLASIFY LOMBOK SONGKET WOVEN CLOTH
Authors: Imran Bahtiar , Efendi Muhamad Masjun
Published: December 2020

The aimed of this study was to apply the feature extraction method of GLCM and Back-propagation Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to classify Lombok's typical Songket woven cloth by classifying based on the texture of the Songket woven cloth. Songket woven cloth in Lombok in terms of weaving and texture are vary from region to region. For example the songket woven cloth in Pringgasela Village, Sukarara Village and Sade Village has differences in texture and motifs. For this reason, this study focuses on classifying Lombok's typical Songket woven cloth by performing feature extraction on woven cloth using the GLCM method and the classification method uses Back-propagation Artificial Neural Network (ANN). For data collection, the data was taken directly from the Songket weaving centers in Pringgasela, Sade and Sukarara. In the classification stage the training data used were 64 data and 11 test data. Then the epoch used was 41 iterations with a time of 0:00:04, with neurons 80 and 100. The use of neurons 80 generated 18% which was successful in the classification. While using 100 neurons generated 100% successful which was can be classified. Based on the classification results obtained, the use of 100 neurons gained good classification results.
ULUSLARARASI HAVA YOLU TAŞIMASINA İLİŞKİN BELİRLİ KURALLARIN BİRLEŞTİRİLMESİNE DAİR ANTLAŞMA (MONTREAL KONVANSİYONU) – RESMİ ÇEVİRİ ÜZERİNE DÜŞÜNCELER VE ALTERNATİF BİR ÇEVİRİ
Authors: CİĞER Selim
Published: December 2020

Uluslararası Hava Yolu Taşımasına İlişkin Belirli Kuralların Birleştirilmesine Dair Antlaşma ya da kısa adıyla Montreal Konvansiyonu, dünya genelinde yüz otuzun üstünde ülkenin taraf olduğu, sivil havacılığa ilişkin en önemli hukuki düzenlemelerden biridir. Hava yolu ile gerçekleştirilen uluslararası nitelikte taşıma sözleşmelerinden doğan uyuşmazlıklar açısından temel kaynak kabul edilebilecek Konvansiyon, ülkemiz tarafından da kabul edilerek, 2011 yılında yürürlüğe girmiştir. Her ne kadar, Montreal Konvansiyonu ülkemiz tarafından onaylanmasının ardından Resmî Gazete’de yayınlanan bir çeviri ile Türkçeye tercüme edilmişse de, bu resmi çeviri metninde birtakım hatalar, eksiklikler ve bazı anlatım bozuklukları bulunmaktadır. Her ne kadar resmi çeviri metninin, Montreal Konvansiyonu’nun aslı karşısında hukuki bağlayıcılığı bulunmasa da, uygulamada çoğu zaman bu çevirinin ilk başvuru kaynağı olacağı söylenebilir. İşte, bu çalışma ile Konvansiyonun aslına uygun şekilde tercüme edilmiş alternatif bir Türkçe metin sunmak amaçlanmaktadır. İki kısımdan oluşan çalışmanın ilk bölümünde resmi çevirideki hata ve eksiklikler kısaca değerlendirilerek çalışmanın gerekçeleri üzerinde durulacaktır. İkinci bölüm ise Konvansiyonun İngilizce aslı esas alınarak dilimize tercüme edilen çevirisinden müteşekkildir.
E- SPOR VE E-SPOR HUKUKU’NDA SPORCU SÖZLEŞMELERİ
Authors: DOĞU Hakkı Mert
Published: December 2020

Son yıllarda hızlı bir gelişim evresine giren spor ve spor hukuku, bu gelişimini sanal alemde de göstermektedir. E-spor (elektronik spor) adı altında ortaya çıkan ve genellikle internet üzerinden takım halinde ya da bireysel olarak oynanan bilgisayar oyunlarında kendini gösteren bu spor dalı, bütün dünyada özellikle gençleri etkisi altına almaktadır. Sporun bütünleştirici özelliği, e-sporda daha sıkı bir şekilde hissedilmektedir. E-spor aracılığıyla dünyanın neresinde olursa olsun e-spor sporcuları internet üzerinden bağlantı kurabilmekte ve böylece sporun ana teması olan dostluklar kurulabilmektedir. Çalışmada e-spor ile daha çok yeni olan e-spor hukuku kavramları üzerinde durulmakta ve genel bilgiler verilmektedir. Ardından e-spor hukuku kapsamında sporcu sözleşmelerinin nasıl olması gerektiği hususunda bazı fikirler ileri sürülmekte ve bu sayede e-spor hukuku alanına katkı sağlanmak istenmektedir.
ROMA HUKUKUNDA TÜZEL KİŞİLER
Authors: GÜVEL A. Övünç
Published: December 2020

Romalılarda eski dönemlerden beri kişi toplulukları bulunuyordu, hatta bunlara XII Levha Kanununda da yer verilmiştir. Ancak bu toplu-lukların kendilerini oluşturan bireylerden farklı bir kişiliklerinin olduğu düşünülemiyordu. İlerleyen dönemlerde Roma devleti esas alınarak kişi topluluklarına da hukuki kişilik tanınmaya başlanmış ve imparatorluk döneminde tüzel kişi kavramı ortaya çıkmıştır. Ancak hiçbir zaman ge-nel bir tüzel kişilik kavramına ve sınıflandırılmasına ulaşılamamıştır. Bu Roma kaynaklarını inceleyen postglossator’ların çalışmalarıyla mümkün olmuştur.
HUKUKİ AÇIDAN BANKA TEMİNAT MEKTUPLARI
Authors: KOÇ Himmet
Published: December 2020

Teminat mektubu ile banka, lehtarın bir davranışının sorumluluğunu, yani bir riski üstlenmektedir. Bu yönüyle teminat mektubu bir garanti fonksiyonu görmektedir. Teminat mektubu; bankanın, lehtarla muhatap arasındaki ilişkide lehtarın ödeme gücünü garanti etmesi, lehtar ödemede bulunmazsa da onun borcunu muhataba ödemeyi garanti ettiği bir sözleşme türüdür. Teminat mektubu ilişkisi, üçlü bir borç ilişkisinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Önce bir temel ilişki bulunur, bu temel ilişkinin alacaklısının isteği üzerine borçlu, bankadan kendisinin ediminin taahhüt altına alınmasını talep eder. Bankanın teminat mektubu vermesi ile de üçlü bir ilişki meydana gelmiş olur. Teminat sözleşmesinde banka, bir netice sorumluluğu üstlenmektedir. Burada bir garanti işlevi mevcuttur. Teminat mektubu ile banka, lehtarın bir davranışının sorumluluğunu, yani bir riski üstlenmektedir. Buradaki risk genelde bir borcun ödenmemesi şeklinde vücut bulmaktadır. Söz konusu durumda bankanın risk üstlenmesi yapabilmesi için, risklerin belirlenmiş olması gerekmektedir.
MİLLETLERARASI MAL SATIMINA İLİŞKİN SÖZLEŞMELER HAKKINDA BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER ANTLAŞMASI (CISG) MADDE 79/I HÜKMÜ UYARINCA SORUMLULUKTAN KURTULMA
Authors: ÖZKAN ŞAHİN Gizem
Published: December 2020

Çalışma, Milletlerarası Mal Satımına İlişkin Sözleşmeler Hakkında Birleşmiş Milletler Anlaşması (CISG) kapsamında borçlu tarafın sözleşmeye aykırı davranışlarından doğacak tazminat yükümlülüğünden belirli koşullar altında kurtulma imkanını düzenleyen m. 79/I hükmünü ele almayı hedeflemektedir. CISG sisteminde kusursuz sorumluluk esas alınmakla birlikte, bazı şartlar altında tarafların sorumluluktan kurtulmalarına imkân tanınmaktadır. CISG m. 79/I ile tarafların kontrol alanı dışında kalan, sözleşmenin akdi esnasında öngörülmesi ve kaçınılması mümkün olmayan engellerin söz konusu olması durumunda sorumluluktan kurtulmak mümkün olabilmektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışmamızda CISG m. 79/I hükmüne göre sorumluluktan kurtulmanın esasları incelenecek ve bu hükmün uygulanmasında ortaya çıkabilecek sorunlar, ilgili yargı kararlarına da değinilerek ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır.
ROBOTLARIN HUKUKİ VE CEZAİ SORUMLULUĞU ÜZERİNE BİR DENEME
Authors: TAŞDEMİR Özgür , ÖZBAY Ümit Vefa , KİREÇTEPE Burhanettin Onur
Published: December 2020

Roma hukuku kölelere hak ehliyeti tanımamıştır (D. 4.5.3.1: “Servile caput nullum ius habet”). Söz konusu hukuk sisteminde köleler özgür insanların malvarlığına dâhil olabilen şeyler (res) olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ancak aynı zamanda insan oldukları için malvarlığına dâhil olabilen diğer şeylerden ayrı tutulmuşlardır. Roma hukukunda kölelerin durumu ayrıntılı incelendiğinde yakın gelecekte hayatımızın bir parçası olacağına inandığımız robotlar ile durumlarının benzerlik gösterdiği görülebilir. Köle bir çeşit kendi kendine düşünebilen, karar verebilen duygusal bir mal olarak tanımlanabilir. Aynı özellikler geleceğimizin robotlarında da görülecektir. Yani robotları hukuki durumları bakımından kölelerin teknolojik akrabaları olarak değerlendirmek mümkündür. Bütün bu bilgiler bizi, eğer robotlar için bir yasal düzenleme yapılacaksa bu düzenlemenin kolaylıkla Roma hukukundan alınabileceği sonucuna götürür. Bu çalışmada robotların ve kölelerin neden aynı statüde değerlendirilebileceğini aydınlatmak adına köle ve robot kavramları hakkında ayrıntılı bilgi verdik. Robot ve yapay zekâ kavramlarını ayrıntılı olarak tanımlayıp inceledikten sonra, kölelerin durumlarını inceleyerek karşılaştırma yaptık ve robotların hukuki sorumluluğunu tartıştık. Ardından yapay zekâyı cezalandırmak başlığı altında robotların cezai sorumluluğunu değerlendirip bu konudaki fikirlerimizi paylaştık.
¿CUÁL ES EL TITULO DE LAS PAULI SENTENTIAE?
Authors: VÁZQUEZ Horacıo Heredıa
Published: December 2020

In this paper I study the problem of the various titles given to the Postclassical juridical book commonly known as the Pauli Sententiae. Due to the complex transmission of this book, through other books as the Lex Romana Visigothorum, the Justinian’s Digest, the Fragmenta Vaticana and the Consultatio Veterum Iurisconsulti, is hard to decide which title, among the variations in all those different books, is the right one, or at least, which one we must chose as the correct one or discard as evidently false. After checking the fundamental critical editions of those juridical works and their reasons to chose one or another, I give the reason for a standard title.
ANAYASAL BİR KURULUŞ OLARAK MGK - CUMHURBAŞKANLIĞI HÜKÜMET SİSTEMİNDE MGK’NIN YERİ VE ALTERNATİF YENİ BİR KURUM: GÜVENLİK VE DIŞ POLİTİKALAR KURULU
Authors: ACARAY Deniz
Published: December 2020

2017 yılında meydana gelen anayasal değişiklikler çerçevesinde Cumhurbaşkanlığı Hükümet Sistemi olarak tanımlanan yeni anayasal düzende 9.11.1983 tarihli ve 2945 sayılı Milli Güvenlik Kurulu ve Milli Güvenlik Kurulu Genel Sekreterliği Kanunu yürürlükten kaldırılmış, Anayasanın 118. Maddesi hükmü gereğince anayasal statüdeki MGK, 6 sayılı Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kararnamesi ile Cumhurbaşkanına bağlı olarak yeniden düzenlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte; yeni sistemin inşası sürecinde, 1 Sayılı Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kararnamesi ile Güvenlik ve Dış Politikalar Kurulu adında bir kurul kurulmuştur. Bölgesel jeopolitik koşulların Türkiye’nin başta güvenlik olmak üzere demokratik devlet yapısını olumsuz etkilemesinden dolayı, MGK’nın bu süreçte geçirdiği kurumsal değişiklikler incelenmeye ve araştırılmaya değerdir. Söz konusu inceleme ve araştırma Genel Kamu Hukuku perspektifinden devletin kuruluş felsefesi ve ontolojik unsurları açısından yapılmakta olup; değişen yapısıyla MGK’nın etkinliği, yeni kurulan Güvenlik Ve Dış Politikalar Kurulu ile arasındaki ilişki de göz önüne alınarak değerlendirilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Öz olarak; Türkiye’nin milli güvenlik alanında yaşadığı amansız yolculuğun daha çok uzun süreceği aşikâr iken, anayasal bir kuruluş olarak Milli Güvenlik Kurulu’nun, demokratik evrensel ve ülkesel tüm kazanımların bir göstergesi olarak ve en azından ilkesel olarak müstakil bir kanunla düzenlenmesi gerekliliği savunulmaktadır.
MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF WILD-GROWING SAMPLES OF MEADOW TIMOTHY GRASS (Phleum pratense L.)
Authors: Korovina Valentina , Kozlov Nikolay , Komkova Tamara
Published: December 2020

The research was carried out in the field at the Central experimental base of the Federal Williams Re¬search Center. The object of research was 12 samples of wild-growing meadow timothy grass. Samples were sown according to the scheme of a standard collection nursery. All studies and observations were carried out on the herbage of the 2nd and 3rd year of life. Statistical processing of results of researches of meadow timothy indicates a low level of variation in the main morphological and physiological characte¬ristics. Only by the number of vegetative shoots have the coefficient of variation reach 35.8%. Samples 416 and 419 were distinguished by precocity, samples 406 and 419 by the height of plants during flower¬ing, sample 412 by the number of generative shoots, and sample 412 by the yield of air-dry mass. Sam¬ples 409 and 414 were distinguished by the length of the sultan, and the weight of seeds — 414 and 415. Nine reliable correlations were found at the significance level 05 and 01. However, all of them are related to the yield of the number of generative and vegetative shoots. Using the binomial equation, the experi¬mentally obtained variability of dry mass yield from the number of generative and vegetative shoots by 93.1% is described. The optimal productivity of meadow timothy grass stand for generative shoots in the area of 550–600 shoots, and vegetative ones — in the area of 320–350 shoots per square meter. Analysis of remoteness and kinship between samples showed the presence of 2 clusters (genetically different quality groups), which can be used for combinational ability selection and fixing of selection-valuable features and properties.
First data on population of stray dogs in Rostov-on-Don
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Ermakov Aleksey M. , Evsyukov Aleksandr P. ,   Don State Technical University
Published: December 2020

Animal populations in large cities have long been the subject of public and scientific discussions. In Russia, there are currently no federal laws regarding the management of stray animal populations. The most common and problematic animals in cities are dogs. Urban populations of homeless and stray dogs are an important link in the conservation and transmission of pathogens that can lead to the development of zooanthroposes.To regulate the situation associated with homeless and stray dogs, it is necessary to take into account their number, gender and age composition. These data allow the competent management of the population and timely take measures to regulate it. The first data on the population of stray dogs in Rostov-on-Don are presented in the article. For animal counting was used technique developed by the ICAM coalitionrepeatedly tested in different cities of Europe and shown its efficiency. To estimate the number of dogs, the city was divided into 59sectors approximately equal in area. Each sector was divided into four parts, one of them was counted, the rest of the data was extrapolated. In each sector, 2-3 volunteers worked, who recorded the dogs they met, noting at the same time their approximate age, gender, size, and possible health problems. All actions during the calculations were carried out using the Strays ID program installed on volunteers' smartphones. According to the results of calculations, the total number of stray dogs in the city is approximately 2 712 individuals. The data on the sexual composition of the population, the number of sick and damaged dogs, their physique, spatial distribution by city districts and density are discussed.
A Sliding Mode Control Strategy for an ElectroHydrostatic Actuator with Damping Variable Sliding Surface
Authors: Wang Mingkang , Wang Yan , Yang Rongrong , Fu Yongling , Zhu Deming
Published: December 2020

Electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA) has significance in a variety of industrial tasks. For the purpose of elevating the working performance, we put forward a sliding mode control strategy for EHA operation with a damping variable sliding surface. To start with, a novel sliding mode controller and an extended state observer (ESO) are established to perform the proposed control strategy. Furthermore, based on the modeling of the EHA, simulations are carried out to analyze the working properties of the controller. More importantly, experiments are conducted for performance evaluation based on the simulation results. In comparison to the widely used control strategies, the experimental results establish strong evidence of both overshoot suppression and system rapidity.
A Conceptional Approach of Resin-Transfer-Molding to Rosin-Sourced Epoxy Matrix Green Composites
Authors: Yu Sicong , Zhang Xufeng , Liu Xiaoling , Rudd Chris , Yi Xiaosu
Published: December 2020

In this concept-proof study, a preform-based RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) process is presented that is characterized by first pre-loading the solid curing agent onto the preform, and then injecting the liquid nonreactive resin with an intrinsically low viscosity into the mold to infiltrate and wet the pre-loaded preform. The separation of resin and hardener helped to process inherently high viscosity resins in a convenient way. Rosin-sourced, anhydrite-cured epoxies that would normally be regarded as unsuited to liquid composite molding, were thus processed. Rheological tests revealed that by separating the anhydrite curing agent from a formulated RTM resin system, the remaining epoxy liquid had its flowtime extended. C-scan and glass transition temperature tests showed that the preform pre-loaded with anhydrite was fully infiltrated and wetted by the liquid epoxy, and the two components were diffused and dissolved with each other, and finally, well reacted and cured. Composite laminates made via this approach exhibited roughly comparable quality and mechanical properties with prepreg controls via autoclave or compression molding, respectively. These findings were verified for both carbon and ramie fiber composites.
Requirements and Effects of Surface Drip Irrigation of Mid-Early Potato Cultivar Courage on a Very Light Soil in Central Poland
Authors: Rolbiecki Roman , Rolbiecki Stanisław , Figas Anna , Jagosz Barbara , Stachowski Piotr , Sadan Hicran A. , Prus Piotr , Pal-Fam Ferenc
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this research was to determine the water needs and results of drip irrigation of mid-early potato cultivar Courage. Studies were carried out in central Poland in 2011–2013 on very light soil. The experiment was designed as two-factorial trials with four replications. The first factor was drip irrigation: O = control (without irrigation), D = drip irrigation. The second factor was the nitrogen fertilization method: P = broadcasting, F = drip fertigation. Nitrogen fertilization was 120 kg N ha−1 on each plot. Crop coefficients for irrigation period were 0.4 in June and 0.6 in July and August. According to calculations based on the crop coefficients and correction coefficients acc. HargreavesDA model the water requirement of potato for June–August was 202 mm. Drip irrigation increased the marketable tuber yield by 55%. Irrigation water use efficiency increased from 257 kg ha−1 mm−1 in D + P to 264 kg ha−1 mm−1 in D + F. The productivity of 1 kg of nitrogen fertilization was 189 kg ha−1 in control non-irrigated plots and 321 kg ha−1 in drip-irrigated plots, and it rose up to 337 kg ha−1 when fertilization was applied by fertigation.
Dissecting the Genotypic and Environmental Factors Underpinning the Quantitative Trait Variation in a Set of Wild Tomato (Solanum habrochaites LA1777) Introgression Lines
Authors: Tripodi Pasquale , Vitiello Antonella , D’Onofrio Bruno , Parisi Mario , Cammareri Maria
Published: December 2020

Exotic libraries have proven a powerful tool for the exploitation of wild relatives and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) detection in crop species. In early 2000, an introgression line (IL) population of the wild tomato Solanum habrochaites (SH) acc. LA1777 was developed and made publicly available. Despite the potentiality of the donor parent, so far, these lines have been poorly explored for their agronomic performance and for the identification of genomic regions underlying the variation of quantitative traits (QTLs). Here, we report the evaluation of 19 morpho-agronomic and chemical traits on a set of 39 ILs grown in three consecutive field seasons with the aim to: (a) Determine the overall phenotypic performances of the studied collection, (b) estimate the influence of the genotype (G) and the year of cultivation (Y) and their interaction on the traits analyzed, (c) investigate the plasticity of the traits, and (d) identify whole-genome QTLs in the wild SH background. The ILs showed lower productivity compared to the control genotype, while no major effects were found for the morphological fruit-related traits. Instead, a general increase in the soluble solids content was observed. The combined analysis of G × Y highlighted a major effect of the genotype on trait variation, although yield-related traits were more influenced by environmental factors. In total, 75 associations for 17 traits were detected. Major QTLs increasing soluble solids, pericarp thickness, and trichome density were respectively found on chromosomes 1, 5, and 11 with a percentage variation (PV) of 24.01%, 32.49%, and 200%. Furthermore, different QTLs increasing the color intensity and fruit shape were detected. These results suggest that SH could be a potential source of favorable alleles for qualitative traits despite its inferior phenotype compared to the cultivated parent. The evaluated set of SH LA1777 ILs is a potential for novel allele discovery in wild tomatoes and for breeding purposes towards the exploitation of the available introgressions and for the pyramiding of traits.
The Influence of the Spraying Pressure of an Injector Asymmetric Double Nozzle with Variable Flow on Head Fungicide Coverage, Yield, Grain Quality, and Deoxynivalenol Content in Winter Wheat
Authors: Vučajnk Filip , Trdan Stanislav , Košir Iztok Jože , Ocvirk Miha , Šantić Mihovil , Žerjav Metka , Šantavec Igor , Bernik Rajko , Vidrih Matej
Published: December 2020

Spraying parameters are important factors when spraying wheat heads against fusarium head blight (FHB) to control the deoxynivalenol level in the grain and to obtain high and quality yields. In 2019 and 2020, field trials were conducted in order to establish the effect of the spraying pressure (2 bar, 4 bar, and 6 bar) of special nozzles with a variable flow rate Agrotop VR 1.5 on the head fungicide coverage, yield parameters, and the deoxynivalenol (DON) value in the grain. The coverage of the front and rear sides of wheat heads increased with the increase of spraying pressure from 2 to 6 bar. In 2019, when the infection with FHB was more severe, no significant differences appeared in the yield and the hectoliter weight at a lower spraying pressure, while the DON value at this pressure approached the maximum permissible level. In that year, the DON value exponentially fell with the increase of spraying pressure. In 2019, the thousand grain weight was higher at the spraying pressure of 6 bar than at the pressures of 2 and 4 bar. The results show that also a lower spraying pressure (2 bar) and a volume application rate (117 L/ha) below the recommended one suffice to retain the DON value in the grain below the maximum permissible level, even in years with more severe infection.
On Investigating Both Effectiveness and Efficiency of Embedding Methods in Task of Similarity Computation of Nodes in Graphs
Authors: Reyhani Hamedani Masoud , Kim Sang-Wook
Published: December 2020

One of the important tasks in a graph is to compute the similarity between two nodes; link-based similarity measures (in short, similarity measures) are well-known and conventional techniques for this task that exploit the relations between nodes (i.e., links) in the graph. Graph embedding methods (in short, embedding methods) convert nodes in a graph into vectors in a low-dimensional space by preserving social relations among nodes in the original graph. Instead of applying a similarity measure to the graph to compute the similarity between nodes a and b, we can consider the proximity between corresponding vectors of a and b obtained by an embedding method as the similarity between a and b. Although embedding methods have been analyzed in a wide range of machine learning tasks such as link prediction and node classification, they are not investigated in terms of similarity computation of nodes. In this paper, we investigate both effectiveness and efficiency of embedding methods in the task of similarity computation of nodes by comparing them with those of similarity measures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that examines the application of embedding methods in this special task. Based on the results of our extensive experiments with five well-known and publicly available datasets, we found the following observations for embedding methods: (1) with all datasets, they show less effectiveness than similarity measures except for one dataset, (2) they underperform similarity measures with all datasets in terms of efficiency except for one dataset, (3) they have more parameters than similarity measures, thereby leading to a time-consuming parameter tuning process, (4) increasing the number of dimensions does not necessarily improve their effectiveness in computing the similarity of nodes.
Progressive Failure Analysis in Open-Hole Tensile Composite Laminates of Airplane Stringers Based on Tests and Simulations
Authors: Shi Jian , Tong Mingbo , Zhou Chuwei , Ye Congjie , Wang Xindong
Published: December 2020

The failure types and ultimate loads for eight carbon-epoxy laminate specimens with a central circular hole subjected to tensile load were tested experimentally and simulated using two different progressive failure analysis (PFA) methodologies. The first model used a lamina level modeling based on the Hashin criterion and the Camanho stiffness degradation theory to predict the damage of the fiber and matrix. The second model implemented a micromechanical analysis technique coined the generalized method of cells (GMC), where the 3D Tsai–Hill failure criterion was used to govern matrix failure, and the fiber failure was dictated by the maximum stress criterion. The progressive failure methodology was implemented using the UMAT subroutine within the ABAQUS/implicit solver. Results of load versus displacement and failure types from the two different models were compared against experimental data for the open hole laminates subjected to tensile displacement load. The results obtained from the numerical simulation and experiments showed good agreement. Failure paths and accurate damage contours for the tested specimens were also predicted.
Research on Frequency-Selective Output Constraint Algorithm for Active Vibration Control
Authors: Ma Xibin , Chen Zhangwei
Published: December 2020

An algorithm is proposed to implement the frequency-selective output constraint control for active vibration control at target sub-frequencies. The main idea lies in that the Narrowband Filtered-X Least Mean Square (NFXLMS) algorithm is used for the frequency-selective active vibration control, after which a modified rescaling algorithm is applied to simultaneously implement the output constraints at target sub-frequencies. Besides, an amplitude compensation method is employed to accelerate the convergence rate at different frequencies. Eventually, numerical simulations are carried out, in which the results show that the proposed algorithm can be effectively used for frequency-selective output constraint control with much more accuracy and flexibility, less distortion and harmonics.
Automated Positioning of Anchors for Personal Fall Arrest Systems for Steep-Sloped Roofs
Authors: Heidari Azin , Olbina Svetlana , Glick Scott
Published: December 2020

Falls account for about one-third of all construction fatalities with most fatalities in the roofing trade. Even though a personal fall arrest system (PFAS) is required for fall protection, proper placement of PFAS anchor points is an issue evidenced by the high number of fatalities caused by incorrect anchor positioning. The research goal was to proof the concept of optimizing the location of the PFAS anchor points on steep-sloped roofs. This goal was achieved by: (1) Developing an algorithm for converting the required local jurisdiction construction regulations and standards for PFAS anchor positioning into machine-readable rules; and (2) Developing and validating an algorithm for optimizing the location of PFAS anchor points. The K-Nearest Neighbor Search (KNNS) optimization algorithm was selected in this research and was implemented into a standalone computer tool using Python programming language. The tool calculates the potential anchor locations that satisfy the fall clearance and swing hazard requirements and then displays the anchor locations both graphically and numerically. The optimization algorithm was validated using the K-fold Cross-Validation method, which proved the algorithm was adequately accurate and consistent. The research contribution is the proof of the concept that the development of an optimization algorithm and automated field-level tool for optimal selection of PFAS anchor points is possible, further research and refinement could help steep-sloped roofing companies improve their safety practices.