bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fault Simulation and Formal Analysis in Functional Safety CPU FMEDA Campaign
Authors: Yang Xueying , Zhao Dongyan , Jiang Yichu , Zhang Xige , Yuan Yidong
Published: February 2021

In accordance with safety requirements of industrial control, a functional safety CPU is designed targeting controller IC used in State Grid. Functional safety verification flow based on FMEDA is setup for the project, which totally comply with IEC61508. In this paper, fault injection with fault simulation and formal analysis flow of functional safety verification is introduced in detail, which is set up for calculation of diagnose coverage on random hardware failure. Employment of formal method completes 2-3 weeks fault analysis in 52 hours, which improved diagnose coverage convergence.
Design and Development of Android Application for Educational Institutes
Authors: Ejiyi Chukwuebuka Joseph , Deng Jianhua , Ejiyi Thomas Ugochukwu , Salako Adetunji A , Ejiyi Makuachukwu B , Anomihe Chinonso G
Published: February 2021

The growth in the use android applications (Apps) has made it the most popular smart device operating system in use nowadays. Android has over 76% of the mobile operating system from December 2018–January 2020 which is quite significant. Android phones are also becoming the most used electronics globally. Students of higher institutions of learning are also becoming accustomed to the use of applications such that they want everything available for them on their mobile device if possible. This paper deals on an android application that will aid students in planning their timetable and scheduling their classes as well as having full knowledge of days according to the school calendar, get access to academic resources and information about the school right on their smart devices. From the application, one can have access to the detailed and accurate information of the school.
Design Classroom Teaching Reform based on Computer-Assisted Instruction: From “Presupposition-Execution” to “Presupposition-Generation”
Authors: Zhang Xiaoli
Published: February 2021

In the design class, the theory system of presupposition generation based on CAI is constructed, which includes three parts: online and offline implementation scheme, quality evaluation standard and practice test. It reveals that the essential attribute of generative classroom is the balance between teachers and students’ power and responsibility. This provides a theoretical basis and case reference for the design classroom teaching reform, and also provide a new research perspective for the innovation of design education.
Retraction: Block Adjustment of Large-scale Domestic Optical Satellite Remote Sensing Imagery without GCP in Antarctic
(IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.
428 012082)
Authors: Wang Yi , He Mingyuan , Xiang Jie , Ge Jingjing
Published: February 2021

This article has been retracted by IOP Publishing. IOP Publishing was notified by the corresponding author that the corresponding author had breached the terms of our Publishing Licence and this article should not have been submitted and published. This is in violation of the IOP Publishing Licence. IOP Publishing therefore retracts this paper based on breach of the terms of the Licence.

Retraction published: 23 February 2021
A review of food waste characterization and treatment in anaerobic digestion
Authors: Izhar Tengku Nuraiti Tengku , Zakarya Irnis Azura , Zaaba Siti Khadijah , Yusof Ahmad Hadwan Mohd , Shahril Najwa Mohd
Published: February 2021

Anaerobic digestion is one of the main biological techniques to convert organic waste to energy. The resulting biogas can be harvested as renewable energy and as a nutrient rich compound that can be converted to soil conditioner. Food waste varies seasonally and geographically. It is resulting in a multiple potential for biogas between different studies. This article studies the anaerobic digestion of food waste in two sections, which are food waste characteristics and mono digestion of food waste. The purpose of this review is to connect the features of food waste to the biogas potential and to propose improved method to increase biogas production. It was concluded that, in terms of physical and biochemical properties, the variation in food waste characteristics would affect the efficiency of the process, including nutrient balance, mechanical treatment, thermal treatment and two-stage configuration. Thermal treatment can increase biogas production but unnecessary treatment can decrease the biodegradability of food waste.
Assessment of drinking water quality for raw water and treated water at Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
Authors: Karen V Y T , Kamarudzaman A N , Jalil M F Ab , Hassan Z , Mahyun A.W. , Salwa M.Z.M. , Amirah A.S.N
Published: February 2021

Clean and safe water is vital for human health, whether it is used for drinking purpose, food production or domestic use. The aims of study are to investigate raw water quality parameters and analysed Water Quality Index (WQI) at Timah Tasoh Dam. The research also analyses the treated water quality parameters at Timah Tasoh Water Treatment Plant, Kampung Belukar, Kampung Kechor and Taman Bukit Kaya, then compared to National Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The raw water was analysed for pH, total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO) and ammoniacal nitrogen (AN). Treated water was analysed for copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni). Timah Tasoh Dam is categorized as slightly polluted where its WQI index was 76.94. Sources of pollution related to non-point sources such as fishery activities, agricultural and livestock wastes, and domestic wastes. For treated water parameters, significant results showed at Taman Bukit Kaya which recorded the highest concentrations of Cu, Fe and Ni, at 1.24 mg/L, 0.76 mg/L and 0.01 mg/L respectively. The reason is that Taman Bukit Kaya is the furthest distance from Timah Tasoh Water Treatment Plant, thus the residence time of water in pipe is longer which results in higher concentration of heavy metals. Concentration of Cu and Ni was complied with the guideline values of WHO and only Ni was complied with NSDWQ. Based on the result of treated water analysis at Kangar, Perlis, the drinking water quality is considered as safe for drinking.
Removal of pollutants from wastewater using tropical constructed wetland
Authors: Samsul N , Jeffery N A A , Duraman S B , Shams S , Zhenren G
Published: February 2021

A constructed wetland is considered as a cheap and sustainable alternative for wastewater treatment. The aim of this study is to find the most suitable plants or combination of plants along with the substrate for a horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetland in Brunei Darussalam. The plants performance regarding removal efficiency of E. coli (EC), Total Coliform (TC), Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Oil and Grease (TOG) and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) were determined during this study. Twelve units of cell A (A1, A3, and A4) made of pixel glass and four units of cell B made of concrete are filled with 0.4 m depth of substrate. Each of cell of A1, A3 and A4 is planted with any of these local plants such as Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius)/Nipah (Nypa fruticans) or Lalang (Imperata Cylindrica). The cells in B are planted with all three plants but with different ratio of plant density. Each cell’s performance was analysed based on removal efficiency of EC and TC, TN, TOG and TPH. The study concluded that using sand as substrate was found to be most efficient for removing EC and TC consistently and effectively when planted with Nipah, Pandan and Lalang at a ratio of 1:1:1.
Investigation on rejection efficiency, flux and morphology of PES-surfactant membranes using RSM-CCD methodology and SEM assessment
Authors: Haswan B Badrul , Hassan A R , Ali K , Redhwan A A M , Nasir A
Published: February 2021

A well-functioning membrane such as high rejection efficiency and high flux rate is indeed the main goal in a study. In fact, so many studies on the factors that affect the membrane are carried out, such as pressure rate, polymer type, additive type, temperature effect during fabrication and so on. Therefore, the development of analytical modeling is vital to predict the optimal performance in good membrane production. Therefore, in this study, the main objective is to develop analytical modeling using Response Surface (RS) methodology for Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) surfactant membrane, and also to determine the factors used such as polymer concentration and dye concentration in the experiment is statistically significant. The performance selected in this study were the rejection efficiency and the flux rate. Through the choice of Central Composite Design (CCD) that have been selected from the RS methodology, analytical modeling has been made through the development of an experimental framework that will be used to collect input. Modeling from the RS methodology will provide insights to predict the relationship between response parameters as well as statistically significant factors between input and output. Through the experimental data collected, the data were processed through ANOVA to determine the statistical validation of the adopted RS methodology. From the results of the experiments, the highest rejection efficiency and flux rate were 99.3% and 43.962 (L.m2 / h), respectively. 3D graphs, 2d contours, and equations for rejection efficiency and flux rate were developed as a result of analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Membrane surface morphology was analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in determining membrane structures such as macrovoids, finger-like and spongy.
Dam failure risk factor analysis using AHP method
Authors: Daud Nurhidayati Mat , Hassan Siti Hafizan , Akbar Nor Azliza , Bakar Amalina Amirah Abu , Mohamad Nor Akmal Shuhada , Manan Ernie Abd , Hamzah Ahmad Farhan
Published: February 2021

Bukit Merah Dam is Malaysia’s oldest dam and the risk of failure probability is rising as the dam aging physically. The number and magnitude of maximal precipitations caused by changes in weather have been increasing and directly increase the likelihood of developing a dam failure. Risk analysis usually incorporates the theory of probability and the mathematical statistics to obtain the risk of dam failure within the framework of dam safety. However, the experience and judgment of the dam experts are not considered in determining the risk of dams failure. This study aims to determine the risk factor of Bukit Merah Dam through the Delphi technique and to assess the risk factor impacts due to dam failures using the AHP method. There are three risk factors or criteria highlighted in this research which are structural, human and natural. According to the results for the structural criteria, the priority is seepage where the final weight is 70.1%. For the human criteria, the priority is operational mismanagement with the final weight of 58.46%, 31.45%. Lastly, for the natural criteria, the priority is flooding from high precipitation with a final weight of 48.57%. From the consistency ratio, the CR for structural factor is 0.041 while for the human factor is 0.014 and for natural criteria is 0.019. As all the CR value for this criteria is less than 0.1, all participants’ evaluations about dam failure criteria are consistent. In conclusion, the dam operators need to be more vigilant to seepage, operational mismanagement and flooding from high precipitation factors of failure for Bukit Merah Dam.
An analysis of stormwater runoff rehabilitation for integrated BIOECODS using EPA-SWMM
Authors: Kian N Z , Takaijudin H , Osman M
Published: February 2021

Urbanization that is becoming a trend around the globe, including in Malaysia, has led to an increase in impervious areas. This, in turn, has led to severe flood events in most countries. To alleviate the problem, management actions are required to produce the desired result in flow mitigation. Software and modelling tools can offer support in the specific selection of suitable options. This paper shall focus on a study that was conducted at the academic complex of Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP). The chosen study location was known to experience flooding as the surface runoff did not drain efficiently on rainy days. An integrated BIOECODS was designed in front of Block 13 and Block 14 of the academic complex using EPA-Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The existing drainage system was simulated using a model to identify the potential flash flood area. A new diversion flow was then designed to allow surface runoff to discharge into artificial lakes acting as temporary storage before the water flows out through the outlet. The interconnection of the drainage network and artificial lakes in UTP was also analysed in this project. For the simulation model input parameters, rainfall of 50-year ARI with a 30-minute duration was assumed as rain intensity. The hyetograph was converted to input time-series data during model development. The analysis showed that node RS12-274 and node RS113-275 exceeded the maximum depth of surface runoff during storm events. Additionally, hotspot flooding area was determined at a lower elevation level of the roadside drain. Hence, mitigation was proposed by realigning the drain slope and providing a new diversion flow channel. The new model analysed using EPA-SWMM, including the bioretention pond, showed that overflow issues would no longer occur. A recommendation could be proposed when using the simulation model, such as considering some modifications to the EPA-SWMM to adopt best management practices (BMPs) in Malaysia.
Applied hotspot analysis in Melaka River basin
Authors: Hua Ang Kean , Gani Paran , Yahya Syazwani , Ali Ahmad Mohd Fadzil , Ab.Majid Mad Helmi , Mokhtar Khairunnisa , Yusof Junaidah , Mohammad Azmi Nurlisa Sarah , Jelani Juliana
Published: February 2021

The unorganised expansion and uncontrolled urbanisation development had led to environmental issues involved with river water pollution that occurred within the Melaka River basin. This study aims to identify pollutant sources using GIS-based pattern recognition techniques of Hotspot analysis in the river basin. The selected study area was Melaka River basin, where independent and dependent variables were land use classification and river water quality data. Both data was obtained from government and private sectors for 2015 and 2029. The result indicated that hotspot analysis with the main contributor of Melaka River pollution were S1 (VA) and S5 (NIA and IA) for both years. The findings could benefit the planners and policy makers in understanding the relationship between land use and water quality within a catchment scale to prevent further deterioration that can cause severe pollution. Land resource management adopting a sustainable development concept is considered as one of the best solutions for longterm management of the resources.
Investigation of using sand filter in treating grey water
Authors: Mohd Saad Farah Naemah , Jamaludin Siti Zaharatul Akmal , Tengku Izhar Tengku Nuraiti
Published: February 2021

The ability of sand filter in treating grey water collected from the college residential is studied. Sand filter was used because it is among the most effective methods to clean the burden of pollution in the wastewater. Six sand filters with different compositions were set up in which three sand filters only consist of sand and gravel while another three sand filters were added with coconut shell activated carbon. These sand filters were used to treat the grey water based on water quality parameters which are pH, AN, TSS, BOD5, COD, and PO4
3-. The results show that concentration of AN, TSS, BOD5, COD, and PO4
3- was reduced up to 37%, 94%, 96%, 93% and 57% respectively while pH was neutral with a value of 7.60. Furthermore, the results also indicated that the sand filter added with coconut shell activated carbon was better in removing the pollutants as compared with sand filter without added activated carbon.
Effect of Indole 3-Acetic Acid (IAA) and 6-Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) on Nannochloropsis sp. culture growth
Authors: Ermavitalini D , Rahayu A E , Kurniawan H B , Prasetyo E N
Published: February 2021

One of the factors influencing the growth of Nannochloropsis sp. is the composition of culture media. The addition of growth regulators in the form of auxins and cytokines in culture media can increase the growth of microalgae. This study aims to examine the effect of IAA (auxin) and BAP (cytokinin) with various concentrations on biomass, chlorophyll content and carbohydrate content of Nannochloropsis sp. culture. Nannochloropsis sp. culture was treated with IAA and BAP in concentration variations each consisting of 0, 0.1, 1, 10 ppm with 3 replications. Data were analyzed with two way ANOVA at 95% confidence level and Tukey follow-up test. The results showed that the combination treatment of IAA and BAP did not affect the chlorophyll-a content of Nannochloropsis sp. culture, but it affected the biomass with the highest P16 (I10B10) of 3.65 g/L and carbohydrate content with the highest content in P4 (I10B0) of 0.30 mg/L. The highest chlorophyll-a content was found in P15(I1B10) of 5.574 mg/L, increased by 6 % compared to controls. Whereas the lowest chlorophyll-a content was found in P12(I10B1) of 1.563 mg/L, decreased by 70 % compared to the control.
Black soldier fly biowaste treatment and its recycle waste to produce chitosan
Authors: Pintowantoro S , Setiyorini Y , Aljauhari A M , Abdul F , Nurdiansah H
Published: February 2021

Recycling organic of house waste remains fairly limited especially in urban area with low-and middle-income. A novel approach is developing method to manage the organic waste conversion using larvae Black Soldier Fly (BSF). The advantage of this approach links to the green technology waste management which is no pollutant effect to the environment as well as increase the added value economically. The research project successfully presented organic house waste conversion into high protein of animal feeding source. From the 5 dol of larva BSF’s (approximately 17 gr), it was reduced organic waste ± 0.7 kg/day. Within 10 days, the larva BSFs of 17 dol was consumed organic waste ± 10 kg, with increase their weight to become approximately 10 kg. The larva BSF of 17 dol is potential as animal feeding source that contain a high of protein. Furthermore, the waste from BSF’s cycle life is potentially to convert into chitosan, due to contain of chitin. Chitosan was produced from the waste of larvae skin, pupa skin and insect imago death. In general, this organic waste management is offering to green organic waste management in the future.
Society willingness to pay towards application of renewable energy for household electricity needs in Kepulauan Seribu Regency
Authors: Anastasya A , Setadi H , Anggrahita H , Rizqihandari N
Published: February 2021

In the context of regional and local development, energy plays a very important role in all economic activities, so as in the small islands. The Kepulauan Seribu Regency already has an existing power system, but it needs to be improved. One of the available alternatives is by using solar power which is a type of renewable energy. Before the implementation of renewable energy, people participation in the use of such energy needs to be reviewed to obtain information about the conditions, needs, and attitudes of the local people. This research is a qualitative study using a human geography approach as its foundation. People's participation in this research is represented by the willingness to pay at the household scale on the islands with different functions in its connection with people's knowledge of renewable energy and the level of electricity consumption. The research results show that willingness to pay for types of households with businesses both in tourism and governmental islands are not influenced by knowledge of renewable energy, but rather by the amount of electricity consumption. On the other side, the knowledge affects the willingness to pay for the ordinary households on all islands. The deeper or more complete the knowledge, the more willing to pay.
Biogas production from co-digestion of water hyacinth, banana peel and water spinach wastes using a horizontal anaerobic digester
Authors: Soeprijanto S , Prajitno D H , Setiawan B , Maghfiro W , Rohmawati R
Published: February 2021

Biogas is an alternative energy source that can replace fossil fuels. The residue of agricultural products in the form of water hyacinth, fruit, and vegetable waste is a source of an organic material having large cellulose, lignocellulose, and lignin content so that it has the potential as a raw material for biogas production. This study proposed to evaluate the influence of the composition of the mixture of water hyacinth (WH), banana peel (BP) and water spinach (WS) wastes to biogas production using a horizontal anaerobic digester. At the initial experiment, the amount of cow dung mixed with water at a mass ratio of 1:1 was introduced to the horizontal anaerobic digester as a starter and was incubated for 5 days. Furthermore, the raw material of WH, BP, and WS wastes was crushed/ground at a size of 1 cm. Two kg of mixed water hyacinth, banana peel, and water spinach with a mass ratio of 100 : 0 : 0 (WH), 0 : 50 : 50 (BP-WS) and 50 : 25 : 25 (WH-BP-WS) was mixed with water to a volume of 8 L and was fed per day into the horizontal anaerobic digester. The biogas output from the anaerobic digester was collected in tubular plastic, and the volume of biogas was measured using the displacement of water. The results showed the highest average yield of biogas production was 0.3145 ± 0.1 l/gVS.day with cumulative biogas of 620.368 l, and the lowest one obtained by WH-BP-WS (0.2463 ± 0.1 l/gVS.day) with cumulative biogas of 402.012 l. While for mono digestion of WH, biogas yield was 0.260 ± 0.1 l/gVS.day with cumulative biogas of 518.768 l. The composition of biogas showed the use of BP-WS produced CH4 (71.23%), CO2 (25.79%), H2S (1.71%) and NH3 (0.39%); WH-BP-WS was CH4(71.97%), CO2 (25.91%), H2S (1.68%), NH3(0.38%); while for WH was CH4 (70.97%); CO2(26.77%), H2S (1.37%), NH3(0.61%), respectively.
Spatial arrangement in alley cropping of moringa and crops to optimize farming income on small Potteran Island, Sumenep Regency
Authors: Kustiyani  , Isdiantoni  , Ekawati I , Faisal M , Wati H D , Prasetyo E N
Published: February 2021

Research on alley cropping was conducted as it contributes to soil and water conservation, in addition to improves landscapes aesthetics. This cropping system was introduced to farmers in the small island of Poteran, Sumenep Regency. Farmers on this island generally have narrow land and limited capital, hence intensification of farming with small capital but maximum production and income is needed. In an effort to obtain a high income, it is necessary to find the optimal spatial arrangement between hedgerowspace and alley crops space. The spatial planning model reserached included three scenarios, i.e. two row, three row and four row moringa hedge crop by combining corn, peanut, and cassava as alley crops.To obtain optimal scenario, this research used alley cropping data from previous research conducted in Talango Village, Poteran Island, on an area of 0.16 ha. Subsequently, a linear program supported by a solver application in Microsoft Excel was used to determine the optimum spatial arrangement scenario. The results showed a two-row moringa scenario with cassava as alley crop produced the highest income with the lowest cost.
Business plan for the establishment of seaweed nursery in Poteran Island: a case study in fish farmers group
Authors: Isdiantoni  , Wahyuni P R , Wibisono A , Prasetyo E N
Published: February 2021

The potential of seaweed in Sumenep is quite vast; however, it is not followed by efforts to develop nursery support units. Even though the supply of edible seeds with "affordable" selling prices is crucial to the success of seaweed farming. To produce quality seaweed seeds technology input is needed, which affects the price of seedlings. The purpose of this study is to analyze the methods of determining the cost of seaweed nursery production and formulate alternative selling price policies that are appropriate for a seaweed nursery business. Data collection methods used were direct interviews, filling out questionnaires and observations within three months. Data analysis uses the costing method (HPP) by determining the full cost (full costing) and variable costs (variable costing). Use these two methods to compare the cost of production, which gives the lowest unit price. To determine the sales pricing policy that is suitable for seaweed nursery business, we use the cost-plus pricing method approach and the break-even analysis method. The results showed that the determination of the HPP of seaweed seeds using the Full Costing method and the Variable Costing method differed per kg, where the lowest HPP value was obtained from the Variable Costing method. The selling price policy for seaweed seeds produced is lower than the price of seaweed seedlings produced by farmers (market price).
Design model of linear generator on marine current power plant based on pneumatic system
Authors: Kusuma I R , Semin  , Zaman M B , Zubaydi A , Rafoth A , Cahyono T D
Published: February 2021

The concept of energy utilization is by utilizing the phenomenon of vortex vibration that occurs in a cylinder due to the flow of sea water currents. Although this phenomenon can lead to damage to the structure of the building and always avoided even attempted to be muffled as small as possible, but this vortex energy can be utilized to produce electrical energy that is environmentally friendly. This paper contains about the development of virtual prototype of linear generator on marine power plan with pneumatic implementation for prime mover. The development of virtual prototype of linear generator is done by using solid work. Then, control system of linear generator movement is based on pneumatic system. The virtual model simulate it in studio automation software then the result of the simulation is created graph of frequency so that can be analysed the pressure required to drive the actuator so that the linear generator produces 50 Hz frequency.
Development of safety for marine transportation in the Maratua Island
Authors: Zaman M B , Djatmiko E B , Nugroho S , Murdjito  , Busse W
Published: February 2021

Safety is a major issue in sea transportation. Improving safety is an important thing that should be conducted. It is to support the achievement of objectives in the fields of transportation, industry, business and so on. In this paper, the research area is Maratua Island. This island is one of the tourist islands in Indonesia. Safety of marine traffic should be developed in this island. It will support the development of the island as an area of marine tourism. The safety of sea transportation also very important to support the development of marine tourism on this island. This paper has established the FMEA methodology for getting RPN number on risk evaluation. Hazard identification is carried out in this study as a first step to determine the level of safety. Furthermore, risk analysis is carried out to determine the level of risk and useful for making decisions for improving safety.
Fire risk assessment on Floating Storage Regasification Unit (FSRU)
Authors: Baskoro D H , Artana K B , Dinariyana A A B
Published: February 2021

Floating Storage Regasification Unit (FSRU) is a variety of facilities that support Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) supply chain activity. There are several potential fire hazards which could be harming human and cause death by the FSRU. This paper will discuss a fire risk assessment on the FSRU loading arms and gas export metering system. To begin, fire risk assessment is carrying out in several stages. The first step is to identify hazards using Hazard and Operability. Then, frequency analysis out of hazards events are complying by the Fault Tree Analysis and the Event Tree Analysis, these methods are to determine the type of potential hazards and to estimate frequencies of events. Henceforth, consequences analysis will be performing by fire modeling software. Finally, the result of the fire risk assessment can be carried out using risk mapping using standard f-N curve UK Offshore, if the risk mapping illustrates unacceptable condition, it is necessary to carry out a mitigation action using the Layers of Protection Analysis. Fire risk assessment indicates that the potential fire hazards which occur are jet fire, flash fire, and gas dispersion. Each hazard has leakage scenarios which are, small-bore (10-50 mm), medium bore (50-150 mm), and full bore (>150 mm). Thereupon, the result of consequence analysis indicates a various form of fire and expose areas which have an impact on marine crews. Based on the risk mapping, the results show that the fire risk assessment which has been carried out is in acceptable conditions and as low as reasonably practicable.
Health risk assessment and micro determination of trace elements content in Egyptian olive oil using ICP-OES
Authors: Yassin A A , Ghandour M A , Khalil M M
Published: February 2021

Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was applied to investigate multi elements (Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd) of Egyptian olive oil collected from different regions in Egypt. This process involves digestion using 10% nitric acid. The data showed that the concentration ranges were 0.6486-2.4166 μg/g, 0.0092-0.6919 μg/g, 0.0185-0.1026 μg/g and 0.0009-0.0186 μg/g for Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd, respectively. The results indicated that the highly toxic metals content did not exceed that recommended by FAO/WHO. The proposed method exhibited an excellent accuracy, adequate selectivity and high sensitivity. For the first time, this method described the direct determination of the previously mentioned elements and investigated the effect of both temperature and time for different samples in Egyptian olive oil.
Fractal Graphene Patch Antennas and the THz Communications Revolution
Authors: Blackledge J M , Boretti A , Rosa L , Castelletto S
Published: February 2021

Fractal antennas have and are continuing to receive attention in regard to the future of wireless communications. This is because of their wide- and multi-band capabilities, the opportunity of fractal geometries to drive multiple resonances, and, the ability to make smaller and lighter antennas with fewer components and radiative elements with higher gains. Small scale (i.e. on the micro- and nano-scale) and ultra high frequency (in the Terahertz or THz range) fractal antennas composed of Graphene have the potential to enhance wireless communications at a data rate that is unprecedented, i.e. ∼ 1012 bits per second. A Fractal Graphene antenna is a high-frequency tuneable antenna for radio communications in the THz spectrum, enabling unique applications such as wireless nano-networks. This is because (mono-layer) Graphene is a one-atom-thick two-dimensional allotrope of Carbon with the highest known electrical conductivity that is currently unavailable in any other material, including metals such as Gold and Silver. Thus, combining the properties of Graphene with the self-affine characteristics of a fractal at the micro- and nano-scale, provides the potential to revolutionise communications, at least in the near field (the order of a few metres) for low power systems. In this paper, we consider the basic physics and some of the principle mathematical models associated with the development of this new disruptive technology in order to provide a guide to those engaged in current and future research, a fractal Graphene antenna being an example of an advanced material for demanding applications. This includes some example simulations on the THz field patterns generated by a fractal patch antenna composed of Graphene whose conductivity is taken to scale with the inverse of the frequency according to a ‘Drude’ model. The approach to generating THz sources using Graphene is also explored based on Infrared laser pumping to induce a THz photo-current.
A Fuzzy BWM Method for Evaluating Supplier Selection Factors in a SME Paper Manufacturer
Authors: Kurniawan V R B , Puspitasari F H
Published: February 2021

In today’s competitive world, companies are required to increase productivity and produce high-quality products while managing their operational efficiency. This leads a firm to involve its performing suppliers by taking into account multiple factors. For small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), despite its importance, supplier selection is less considered. In this study, a case study for evaluating supplier selection factors in a small-medium scale paper manufacturer in Indonesia is demonstrated using the fuzzy best-worst method (fuzzy BWM). The BWM method that provides a structurally consistent factors comparison through the best and the worst criteria is extended using a fuzzy set to address the ambiguity from decision-makers’ judgement. The evaluation includes five supplier criteria: service, flexibility and delivery, reputation, quality, and purchasing cost. To determine the fuzzy criteria’ weights, the nonlinearly constrained optimization problem was introduced. The result indicated that the best and the worst criteria were respectively service and purchasing cost, while the service criterion was weakly crucial than quality. Besides, the Fuzzy BWM has also provided high consistency in the comparison. The optimal weights determined in this study can be applied for ranking suppliers for further attempts.
Designing Optimal Distribution Routes using a Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) Model in a Logistics Service Provider
Authors: Puspitasari F H , Kurniawan V R B
Published: February 2021

In a running business, it is common for companies to face some challenges. One of them is related to supply chain performances, especially product distribution. Companies often have a problem determining the distribution route from the origin (warehouse) to the destination (consumer). This research will discuss the distribution route in a case study at a logistics service provider in Yogyakarta. The problem is that each courier does not have a fixed distribution route, causing couriers to overload and less effective when distributing goods to consumers. To solve this problem, we created a delivery zone for each courier done in previous studies using courier assignment optimization to minimize mileage. Furthermore, based on the zones that have been created, we determined the route using the classical vehicle routing problem (VRP) mathematical model to minimize travel time in this study. Based on the results obtained, couriers not only reduce mileage but also travel time, which makes this distribution route more optimal. Later, a vehicle routing problem with a time window can be carried out and compared with the current VRP for further research.
The Sidewalk Structuring Strategy As Iconic Pedestrian Case Study: Pedestrian’s Budi Luhur University - Jakarta
Authors: Kurniawan Dody , Yulianto Alvin
Published: February 2021

Over time, sidewalks do not only function as a space for circulation/movement of pedestrians. The sidewalk is expected to be able to improve the quality of the space where the sidewalk is located and can be an identity/icon for the surrounding environment. The existence of the sidewalks at the Budi Luhur University Campus has not been properly arranged so that it cannot yet be an identity/iconic for Budi Luhur University. From the formulation of the problem, research will be conducted with descriptive methods. Descriptive method is used to make a systematic, factual and accurate description, facts, properties and relationships between the phenomena investigated. This depiction is obtained through field observations, interviews and data from relevant agencies. The method of approach taken to achieve the stated goals is Identification of Design Norms; Identification of Comparative Study and Identification of Potential and Problems. The results of this study in the form of the concept of pavement arrangement as an iconic pedestrian.
Formulation and Physical Evaluation of Body Lotion Preparation of Kacip Fatimah (labisia pumila) Ethanolic Extracts as Antioxcidant
Authors: Kusumawati A H , Munawaroh A , Fikayuniar L
Published: February 2021

Kacip Fatimah (Labisia pumila) believed to have the antioxidant that played an important role in protecting against some diseases and delay the aging process. But, no research on kacip fatimah in his cosmetics formulation and efficacy to the skin. One form of cosmetic preparation is body lotion. Purpose: To determine the antioxidant activity of Kacip Fatimah ethanolic extract and to determine whether the concentration of Kacip Fatimah ethanolic extract affects the physical properties of the body lotion preparation. The body lotion is made in the form of an oil in water (m/a) and made in 4 formulas the concentration of the extract 0.5 %, 1%, and 2%. The physical test of body lotion extract of Labisia pumila is organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, the spread, and the attaching, the results of testing in analysis using SPSS with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-withney. The result showed that extract ethanol of Labisia pumila having strong antioxidant activity it is 87,752 ppm, and it can be concluded that variations concentration extract ethanol of Labisia pumila 0,5 %, 1%, 2 % affects the physical properties of body lotion. The greater concentration of extract, decrease the viscosity value with FI = 2863 cPs, FII = 1974 cPs, FIII = 1514 cPs, decrease the pH with FI = 6,72; FII = 6,37; FIII = 6,23, increase the spreadability with FI = 7 cm, FII = 7,93 cm, FIII = 8,03 cm, and decrease the attachability with FI = 1,33 sec, FII = 1,3 sec, and FIII = 1,01 sec.
Elastic Cross-Section Modulus Ratio of Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.) Bolt-Laminated Timber Beams
Authors: Pranata Y A , Kristianto A , Darmawan A
Published: February 2021

The strength and stiffness of the beams are related to the elastic cross-section modulus of the beam, which are related to the cross-section moment of inertia. The elastic cross-section modulus of mechanically laminated (bolt-laminated) timber beams are not the same as solid timber beam for the beam with the same cross-section, this can be happened due to the inertia moment of cross-section of the bolt-laminated beam is lower than the solid beam due to slip between laminae and the elastic modulus of every lamina are varying. The aim of this research was to study the elastic cross-section modulus of mechanically laminated timber using bolts as a shear connectors. The scope of the study are the beam specimens made from Jabon timber (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.) 60 mm x 160 mm cross-section size, three beam specimens with 1500 mm clear-span length, four lamina layers, lamination system using bolt as a shear connectors to reduce slip between laminae, flexural testing using the four-point loading test method according to the ASTM D198, the flexural behavior reviewed in this research are the flexural strength, the elastic cross-section modulus ratio, and the displacement ductility ratio. The bending strength of bolt-laminated timber beams obtained from an experimental test is 12.11 MPa (average) in the term of proportional limit load, while the bending strength of a solid timber beam is 37.96 MPa. The results showed that the elastic cross-section modulus and the flexural stress of the bolt-laminated timber beams were lower with a ratio of 0.32 than the solid timber beam, and the ductility ratio of the bolt-laminated timber beams was 1.18 so that they were categorized in the limited ductility criteria. The test results indicate that the failure of bolt-laminated Jabon timber beams are a failure of bending. The elastic modulus cross-section parameters of laminated timber beams are useful for the design of beam structure components in buildings, especially in the calculation of beam strength and beam stiffness as a serviceability requirement.
The Effect of E-WOM, Brand Trust, and Brand Ambassador on Purchase Decisions at Tokopedia Online Shopping Site
Authors: Nurhasanah  , Mahliza Febrina , Nugroho Lucky , Putra Yananto Mihadi
Published: February 2021

Online shopping sites are places for buying and selling transactions that are favored by many people. Tokopedia is currently the market leader in the world of e-commerce in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of electronic word of mouth (E-WOM), brand trust, and brand ambassador toward purchase decisions at the Tokopedia online shopping site. This study uses a quantitative approach by collecting data through the survey method. The population in this study were Tokopedia users from Mercu Buana University students. The data of 100 respondents were collected using an online questionnaire and were analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS). This study shows that e-WOM has a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions. Brand trust has a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions, and brand ambassador has a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions.
A Survey Blockchain and Smart Contract Technology in Government Agencies
Authors: Negara E S , Hidyanto A N , Andryani R , Erlansyah D
Published: February 2021

The development of Blockchain and Smart Contract technology provides significant changes in the form of solutions to social technology problems, such as the problem of document forgery on e-government services. In its implementation of government services, there are several challenges faced, such as social technology problems, blockchain mechanisms, virtual machines, and smart contract code levels, and automation of disintermediation. This paper summarizes and discusses the methodology and research results from various recent papers on the state of the use of smart contracts in e-government services and the weaknesses and potential problems in the use of e-government services.
Multiple Smile Detection Using Histogram of Oriented Gradient and Support Vector Machine Methods
Authors: Syaputra R , Syamsuar D , Negara E S
Published: February 2021

The face or the front of the head consists of the eyes, nose and mouth. Each face has its uniqueness from the many human faces. The face is used to show happy and sad expressions and feelings. Smiling also includes self-expression from others. The analysis of facial expressions plays a key role in analyzing human emotions and behavior. Smile detection is a specialized task in facial expression analysis with a variety of potential applications such as photo selection, user experience analysis, smile payments, and patient monitoring. Conventional approaches often extract low-level face descriptors and smile detection based on strong binary classifiers. In this paper, we propose an effective Histogram of Oriented method supporting vector engines for smile detection. The experimental results show that our proposed network outperforms the current state of the method. The test results using the Histogram of Oriented Gradient and Support Vector Machine method for smile detection were 87% for a precision value of 88% and a recall value of 83% and accuracy. In the future, we want to exploit some of the latest effective designs. we will try to update our mouth model so we can support a bigger head turn and face size scale.
IOT-BASED REFRIGERATOR MONITORING SYSTEM
Authors: Khamali Mirza , Usino Wendi
Published: February 2021

Refrigerators are very valuable asset of beverage distribution companies and also assets that are lent to customers for the business process of selling beverage products. Because of the slow response in complaining about damage of the refrigerator from customers, so that refrigerator monitoring system is a technology that creates practical solution for monitoring the refrigerator. Integrated sensors will send data for monitoring through the internet network provided temperature, light, electric current and also can help to decide the division of tasks for technicians who will repair automatically. With a refrigerator monitoring system that uses IoT in beverage distribution companies, hopefully that a monitoring system in the refrigerator is accurate and fast with notifications using email that directly approved by technicians, providing temperature information in the refrigerator, refrigerator lights, making the schedule of the automation system which is directly submitted to the technician so that the repair process is faster.
Identification of Factors Affecting Electronic Participation: a Literature Review
Authors: Fatimah Titin , Adiyarta Krisna , Napitupulu Darmawan , Martini
Published: February 2021

This study aims to conduct a systematic review of technology aadption factors of electronic participation applicaton in Indonesia. Application of LAPOR as Online People’s Aspirations and Complaints Service has been developed to fulfill the public demands to actively participate in the formulation of government policies. However, there is limited understanding about technology acceptance regarding to users’ behaviour especially in Indonesia. The method used is a systematic review with the PRISMA approach, consisting of five stages, namely defining eligibility criteria; define the source of information; literature selection; data collection and item selection with synthesis techniques. The results showed that there were 40 constructs of technology adoption of LAPOR application. The implication of this research is that government institutions could better understand what important factors that influence the adoption of technology.
Modelling and Simulation of Series Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Authors: Shubham Patil , Ganguly Aritra
Published: February 2021

The present paper intends to discuss the architectural structure and the different modes of operation of a series parallel hybrid electric vehicle during a drive cycle. Here an attempt has been made to simulate a standard series parallel HEV using the MATLAB and SIMULINK software to estimate the consumption of fuel for the different drive cycles. The results obtained from the model in terms of the fuel consumption have also been compared with that of a conventional internal combustion engine based vehicle. The study thus reinforces the need and viability of the use of hybrid electric vehicles as an intermediate transition and a pre-requisite to the full electric vehicle for the developing countries like India.
Medical Image Encryption Algorithm based on Dynamic DNA Sequencing and 2D-3D Chaotic Equations
Authors: Kar Anwesha , Gayen Dilip Kumar
Published: February 2021

Digital images are now widely used in modern clinic diagnosis. The diagnostic images with confidential information related to patients’ privacy are stored and transmitted via public networks. Secured schemes to guarantee confidentiality of patients’ privacy are becoming more and more vital. Medical images are considered as one of the most important and sensitive data in information systems. Sending medical images over the network requires a strong encryption algorithm such that it is resistant against cryptographic attacks. Among the three security objectives for the security of information systems namely confidentiality, integrity and availability, confidentiality is the most important aspect that need to be taken much care for the secure storage and transmission of medical images. This paper proposes an adaptive medical image encryption algorithm based on Dynamic DNA Sequencing and 2D-3D Chaotic Equations that encrypts any medical image with same uniformity and efficiency.