bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integer Solutions of Integral Inequalities and H‐InvariantJacobian Poisson Structures
Authors: Ortenzi G. , Rubtsov V. , Tagne Pelap S. R.
Published: October 2011

We study the Jacobian Poisson structures in any dimension invariant with respect
to the discrete Heisenberg group. The classification problem is related to the discrete
volume of suitable solids. Particular attention is given to dimension 3 whose simplest
example is the Artin‐Schelter‐Tate Poisson tensors.
Recurrence of Congenital Heart Disease in Cases with Familial Risk Screened Prenatally by Echocardiography
Authors: Fesslova Vlasta , Brankovic Jelena , Lalatta Faustina , Villa Laura , Meli Valerio , Piazza Luciane , Ricci Cristian
Published: October 2011

Objectives. To evaluate the recurrence of congenital heart disease (CHD) in pregnant women with familial risk who had been referred for fetal echocardiography.Material and Methods. 1634 pregnancies from 1483 women with familial history of CHD in one or more relatives were studied. Fetal cardiologic diagnosis was compared with postnatal findings at 6 months or at autopsy.Results. Total recurrence rate of CHD was 3.98%, 4.06% in single familial risk, 2.9% in double, and 5% in multiple risk. It was 3.5% in case of one previously affected child; 4.5% with 2 children; 5.2% with the mother alone affected and 7,5% with father alone affected and 3.5% with a single distant relative. Exact concordance of CHD was found in 21.5% and a partial concordance in 20% of cases.Conclusions. Our data show a higher recurrence rate of CHD than previously published data and high relative risk ratios compared to normal population.
Gas Hydrate System of Shenhu Area, Northern South China Sea: Geochemical Results
Authors: Wu Nengyou , Zhang Haiqi , Yang Shengxiong , Zhang Guangxue , Liang Jinqiang , Lu Jin'an , Su Xin , Schultheiss Peter , Holland Melanie , Zhu Youhai
Published: October 2011

The drilling recovered high-concentration methane hydrates (maximum 26–48%) in a disseminated form in silty clay sediments in Shenhu area of Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea. Combining the geochemical data, the gas hydrate-bearing sediments are 10 m to 43 m in thickness and located just above the base of the gas hydrate stability zone. The methane content is 96.10–99.91% with small amount of ethane and propane. The baseline chlorinity of pore waters shows 10% lower than that of shallow sediments below and inside the gas hydrate zone. The methane/ethane ratios are higher than 1000 above the gas hydrate zone and less than 1000 at the interval of gas hydrate zone. The depth of sulphate methane interface varies from site to site as 17 to 27 mbsf. These results show that the methane of gas hydrate was mainly originated from microbial activity and the upward methane flux is minor. This is evidenced by the δC13CH4 values of headspace gases from the gravity piston cores and released gases from pressure cores, which range from −74.3‰  PDB to −46.2‰  PDB, with the majority less than −55%‰  PDB. The hydrate deposit is a distributed gas hydrate system in Shenhu area.
Swallowing in Parkinson Patients versus Healthy Controls: Reliability of Measurements in Videofluoroscopy
Authors: Baijens Laura W. J. , Speyer Renée , Passos Valéria Lima , Pilz Walmari , Roodenburg Nel , Clave Pere
Published: October 2011

Objective. To determine and describe the pathophysiological aspects of oropharyngeal swallowing in patients with Parkinson's disease more accurately, a pilot study of qualitative as well as quantitative parameters of swallowing was performed using videofluoroscopy (VFS).Methods. Ten patients with a diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease having dysphagic complaints and ten healthy age- and gender-matched control subjects underwent a standardized videofluoroscopic swallowing protocol. Information on the swallowing function was derived from temporal, spatial, and descriptive visuoperceptual parameters. Intra- and interrater reliability was calculated.Results. No significant differences were found between Parkinson patients and healthy control subjects for the majority of the reliable variables.Conclusions. It was concluded that swallowing function seemed to be preserved in the early stages of Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, the reliability of many quantitative as well as qualitative swallowing parameters proved insufficient, raising questions about the interpretation of study outcomes in videofluoroscopy.
Prevalence of Influenza A (H1N1) Seropositivity in Unvaccinated Healthcare Workers in Scotland at the Height of the Global Pandemic
Authors: Smith Kate , Warner Pamela , Williams Linda J. , Adamson Walt E. , Katikireddi S. Vittal , Dewart Paul , Carman William F. , Templeton Kate , Denison Fiona C. , Mackenzie D. Graham
Published: October 2011

Background. We set out to identify the level of previous exposure to influenza A (H1N1) in unvaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs) at the peak of the pandemic outbreak in the UK, with control samples collected prior to the outbreak.Methods. Cross-sectional study (seroprevalence assessed before and at pandemic peak, with questionnaire data collected at peak of outbreak) in HCWs in Scotland.Results. The prevalence of seropositivity in 493 HCWs at pandemic peak was 10.3%, which was higher than the prepandemic level by 3.7 percentage points (95% CI 0.3% to 7.3%,P=0.048). Seropositivity rates for frontline and nonfrontline HCWs were similar.Conclusion. At pandemic peak, only 10.3% of HCWs were seropositive for influenza A (H1N1), so the great majority were still susceptible to infection at the introduction of the vaccination programme. Few studies have reported on seroprevalence in unvaccinated and asymptomatic participants, so our findings may have relevance to the wider population.
Ketamine Inhibits Lung Fluid Clearance through Reducing Alveolar Sodium Transport
Authors: Cui Yong , Nie Hongguang , Ma Hong , Chen Lei , Zhang Lin , Wang Junke , Ji Honglong
Published: October 2011

Ketamine is a broadly used anaesthetic for analgosedation. Accumulating clinical evidence shows that ketamine causes pulmonary edema with unknown mechanisms. We measured the effects of ketamine on alveolar fluid clearance in human lung lobes ex vivo. Our results showed that intratracheal instillation of ketamine markedly decreased the reabsorption of 5% bovine serum albumin instillate. In the presence of amiloride (a specific ENaC blocker), fluid resolution was not further decreased, suggesting that ketamine could decrease amiloride‐sensitive fraction of AFC associated with ENaC. Moreover, we measured the regulation of amiloride‐sensitive currents by ketamine in A549 cells using whole‐cell patch clamp mode. Our results suggested that ketamine decreased amiloride‐sensitive Na+ currents (ENaC activity) in a dose‐dependent fashion. These data demonstrate that reduction in lung ENaC activity and lung fluid clearance following administration of ketamine may be the crucial step of the pathogenesis of resultant pulmonary edema.
Characteristics and Application of a Novel Loop Antenna to UHF RFID Receivers
Authors: Xing Zijian , Wang Ling , Wu Changying , Li Jianying , Zhang Meng
Published: October 2011

A broadband two-layer and two quasihalf loops antenna (TTLA) at UHF is characterized and analyzed for ultrahigh frequency (UHF) near-field radiofrequency identification (RFID) applications. The antenna is investigated in terms of impedance matching and distribution of magnetic field as well as applied in two scenarios which are the experiments of interrogation range and receiver circuit of RFID systems.
Serum Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Sullivan Jennifer , Gong Qiaoke , Hyslop Terry , Lavu Harish , Chipitsyna Galina , Yeo Charles J. , Arafat Hwyda A.
Published: October 2011

Background/Aims.Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has etiological association with chronic inflammation. Elevated circulating levels of inflammatory mediators, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), are found in obese individuals. We hypothesized that serum MCP-1 levels are elevated in obese PDA patients.Methods.ELISA was used to analyze MCP-1 serum levels in PDA (n=62) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) (n=27). Recursive partitioning statistical analysis investigated the relationship between log MCP-1 and clinicopathological parameters.Results.Log MCP-1 values were significantly (P<0.05) elevated in patients with BMI ≥ 37.5. In patients with BMI < 37.5, average log MCP-1 values were significantly elevated in PDA patients when compared to IPMN patients. Within the IPMN group, higher log MCP-1 levels correlated with increased age. Recursive partitioning analysis of IPMN versus PDA revealed a strategy of predicting characteristics of patients who are more likely to have cancer. This strategy utilizes log MCP-1 as the primary factor and also utilizes smoking status, gender, and age.Conclusion.MCP-1 is a promising biomarker in pancreatic cancer. The potential of using MCP-1 to distinguish PDA from IPMN patients must be studied in larger populations to validate and demonstrate its eventual clinical utility.
Higher Molecular Weight Polyethylene Glycol Increases Cell Proliferation While Improving Barrier Function in an In Vitro Colon Cancer Model
Authors: Bharadwaj Shruthi , Vishnubhotla Ramana , Shan Sun , Chauhan Chinmay , Cho Michael , Glover Sarah C.
Published: October 2011

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been previously shown to protect against enteric pathogens and prevent colon cancer invasion. To determine if PEG could indeed protect against previously observed pro‐invasive effects of commensal E. coli and EPEC, Caco‐2 cells grown in an in vitro model of colon cancer were infected with strains of human commensal E. coli or EPEC and treated with 10% PEG 3350, PEG 8000, and PEG 20,000, respectively. At 24 hours after infection, MMP‐1 and MMP‐13 activities, cell cluster thickness, depth of invasion, and proliferation were determined using standard molecular biology techniques and advanced imaging. We found that higher molecular weight PEG, especially PEG 8000 and 20,000, regardless of bacterial infection, increased proliferation and depth of invasion although a decrease in cellular density and MMP‐1 activity was also noted. Maximum proliferation and depth of invasion of Caco‐2 cells was observed in scaffolds treated with a combination of commensal E. coli strain, HS4 and PEG 8000. In conclusion, we found that PEG 8000 increased cell proliferation and led to the preservation of cell density in cells treated with commensal bacteria. This is important, because the preservation of a proliferative response in colon cancer results in a more chemo‐responsive tumor.
Learning Curve in a Western Training Center of the Circumferential En Bloc Esophageal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection in an In Vivo Animal Model
Authors: Tanimoto Miguel A. , Torres-Villalobos Gonzalo , Fujita Rikiya , Santillan-Doherty Patricio , Albores-Saavedra Jorge , Chable-Montero Fredy , Martin-del-Campo Luis A. , Vasquez Lucia , Bravo-Reyna Carlos , Villanueva Octavio , Villalobos Jose J. , Uribe Misael , Valdovinos Miguel A.
Published: October 2011

Aim. Evaluate the feasibility to overcome the learning curve in a western training center of the en bloc circumferential esophageal (ECE-) ESD in an in vivo animal model. Methods. ECE-ESD was performed on ten canine models under general anesthesia on artificial lesions at the esophagus marked with coagulation points. After the ESD each canine model was euthanized and surgical resection of the esophagus and stomach was carried out according to “the Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, Russel and Burch.” The specimen was fixed with needles on cork submerged in formalin with the esophagus and stomach then delivered to the pathology department to be analyzed.
Results. ECE-ESD was completed without complications in the last 3/10 animal models. Mean duration for the procedures was minutes (range 140–235 minutes). All the procedures were done at the animal lab surgery room with cardio pulmonary monitoring and artificial ventilation by staff surgery members and a staff member of the Gastroenterology department trained during 1999–2001 at the Fujigaoka hospital of the Showa U. in Yokohama, Japan, length (range 15–18 mm) and width (range 40–60 mm). Conclusion. ECE-ESD training is feasible in canine models for postgraduate endoscopy fellows.
Recent Developments of Nanostructured Electrodes for Bioelectrocatalysis of Dioxygen Reduction
Authors: Opallo Marcin , Bilewicz Renata
Published: October 2011

The recent development of nanostructured electrodes for bioelectrocatalytic dioxygen reduction catalysed by two copper oxidoreductases, laccase and bilirubin oxidase, is reviewed. Carbon‐based nanomaterials as carbon nanotubes or carbon nanoparticles are frequently used for electrode modification, whereas there are only few examples of biocathodes modified with metal or metal oxide nanoparticles. These nanomaterials are adsorbed on the electrode surface or embedded in multicomponent film. The nano‐objects deposited act as electron shuttles between the enzyme and the electrode substrate providing favourable conditions for mediatorless bioelectrocatalysis.
Differential Changes of Aorta and Carotid Vasodilation in Type 2 Diabetic GK and OLETF Rats: Paradoxical Roles of Hyperglycemia and Insulin
Authors: Zhong Mei-Fang , Shen Wei-Li , Tabuchi Masaki , Nakamura Kyoko , Chen Yi-Chen , Qiao Cong-Zhen , He Jin , Yang Jie , Zhang Chuan , Kamenov Zdravko , Higashino Hideaki , Chen Hong
Published: October 2011

We investigated large vessel function in lean Goto-Kakizaki diabetic rats (GK) and Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty diabetic rats (OLETF) with possible roles of hyperglycemia/hyperosmolarity and insulin. Both young and old GK showed marked hyperglycemia with normal insulin level and well-preserved endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation in aorta and carotid artery. There were significant elevations in endothelial/inducible nitric oxide synthase (eNOS/iNOS) and inducible/constitutive heme oxygenase (HO-1/HO-2) in GK. The endothelium-dependent vasodilation in GK was inhibited partly by NOS blockade and completely by simultaneous blocking of HO and NOS. In contrast, OLETF showed hyperinsulinemia and mild hyperglycemia but significant endothelium dysfunction beginning at early ages with concomitantly reduced eNOS. Insulin injection corrected hyperglycemia in GK but induced endothelium dysfunction and intima hyperplasia. Hyperglycemia/hyperosmolarityin vitroenhanced vessel eNOS/HO. We suggest that hyperinsulinemia plays a role in endothelium dysfunction in obese diabetic OLETF, while hyperglycemia/hyperosmolarity-induced eNOS/HO upregulation participates in the adaptation of endothelium function in lean diabetic GK.
Predictive Value of Positive Surgical Margins after Radical Prostatectomy for Lymph Node Metastasis in Locally Advanced Prostate Carcinoma
Authors: Otto Wolfgang , Gerber Peter , Rößler Wolfgang , Wieland Wolf F. , Denzinger Stefan
Published: October 2011

Introduction. Suspected locally advanced prostate carcinoma shows lymph node involvement in a high percentage of cases. For a long time, such patients were not radically prostatectomised. In recent years, however, this viewpoint has changed.Material and Methods. We analysed a single-centre series of 34 patients with suspected locally advanced prostate cancer to establish predictive parameters for lymph node metastasis. All patients underwent radical prostatectomy between 2007 and 2010.Results. Of the 34 patients, 26% showed pathological stage T3a, 59% pT3b, and 15% pT4. Median preoperative PSA level was 25 ng/mL, and five patients had had neoadjuvant antihormonal treatment. Positive margins were found in 76% of patients. Patients without neoadjuvant treatment showed it in 79%, and after preoperative antihormonal treatment the rate was 60%. Positive margins were associated with lymph node involvement in 85% of cases, complete resection was associated only in 50% of cases.Conclusions. Positive surgical margins play an important predictive role when estimating lymph node involvement in patients with locally advanced prostate carcinoma. Neoadjuvant antihormonal therapy is associated with a relevant reduction in the rate of positive margins but not with the rate of lymph node metastasis. As such, a combination of antihormonal and surgical treatment should be considered.
Platelet Transfusion in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Benefits, Risks, Alternatives
Authors: Christensen Robert D.
Published: October 2011

Platelet transfusions were introduced into clinical medicine about 60 years ago when they were shown to reduce the mortality rate of patients with leukemia who were bleeding secondary to hyporegenerative thrombocytopenia. In modern neonatology units, platelet transfusions are integral and indeed lifesaving for some neonates. However, the great majority of platelet transfusions currently administered in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are not given in the original paradigm to treat thrombocytopenic hemorrhage, but instead are administered prophylactically with the hope that they will reduce the risk of spontaneous bleeding. Weighing the risks and benefits of platelet transfusion, although imprecise, should be attempted each time a platelet transfusion is ordered. Adopting guidelines specific for platelet transfusion will improve consistency of care and will also generally reduce transfusion usage, thereby reducing costs and conserving valuable blood bank resources. Initiating specific programs to improve compliance with transfusion guidelines can further improve NICU transfusion practice.
We E. Zamyatin, or the integrity of the mystery
Authors: Piskunov S.
Published: October 2011

This essay attempts to analize Zamiatin's We as an aesthetic whole in which, pace Yuri Tynianov, antiutopia is organically combined with “a fantastic adventure novel.” With this aim in mind We is read not only in its literary context but also in a historical-poetologic perspective, ranging from Hellenistic love/adventure novels to Andrei Belyi's Silver Dove. Following in Belyi's footsteps, Zamiatin develops a Dionysian theme according to the interpretation proposed by Viacheslav Ivanov's interpretation (his conception of the divine unity of existence), making the myth of Dionysus the subject of an aesthetic experiment in the tradition of Mennipian satire. The author of We, to what extent the protagonist-narrator can be associated with his creator, is concerned with the fate of “the whole” not less than with the fate of individual. He is confronted with an unresolved conflict in terms of atheistic consciousness, bearing not only personal and socio-political consequences, but ontological as well.
Russian myth and the Communist Utopia (novel M N in the context of creativity Zamyatin)
Authors: Shaitanov I.O.
Published: October 2011

In Russia after 'Perestroika' Zamiatin's We was often published in collections with Huxley and Orwell's novels, all of them banned in the Soviet period and generically related as anti-utopian. Though thus situated in the broad context of world literature, We remains unexplained in Russian literary tradition where Zamiatin's work belongs to the line of Gogol, Leskov, Remizov, i.e. those prose writers who were steeped in the Russian myth and whose verbal richness and variety of colloquial tone called forth a special critical term – skaz. How could it be that one of them wrote a novel about the future separated from Russian roots and in a language unified to the point of obliteration? In his earlier stories Zamiatin explored traditional life as he knew it from his own experience (A Provincial Tale, A Godforsaken Hole); even then he preferred not to describe but to distort reality, to make it speak up for itself. In Alatyr' Zamiatin made a decisive step towards a new manner when he challenged the Russian myth with a utopian dream of the bright and universally happy future. We came out as another experiment in mass consciousness, but this time inspired by the writer's response to the new revolutionary reality.
A Typescript of We
Authors: Cooke Brett
Published: October 2011

A document found in an Albany archive appears to be a typescript of We executed at least partly by Zamiatin; indeed, brief passages are written in his hand. More a fair copy than a draft of the text, this carbon copy provides some variant readings to the Chekhov edition, heretofore the sole commonly accepted version. Most, albeit not all, variant passages indicate a closer relationship with Gregory Zilboorg's English translation, the first publication of the novel - for which it might have provided the basis - than the posthumous Chekhov edition. It also provides a slightly fuller and in some respects corrected version of We.
Second Thoughts on the End of Utopia? Zamiatin's Film Scenario, “D-503”
Authors: Cooke Brett
Published: October 2011

Readings of the denouement of We differ sharply, with important consequences regarding the fate of utopian social construction. Many readers claim that the Single State crushes the MEPHI revolt. Others come to precisely the opposite conclusion. A third group argues that the battle is undecided. The film scenario Zamiatin developed and translated subsequent to his 1931 exile indicates the author opted for the second verdict, one indicating the fall of the regime. Written at least a decade after the novel, the Russian language scenario and its two English translations – published here – may only reflect his later opinions on the heretofore ambiguous ending of his novel.
On the History of the Novel We, 1937–1952: Zamiatin's We and the Chekhov Publishing House
Authors: Nakano Yukio
Published: October 2011

When Zamiatin died in 1937, his novel We remained unpublished in Russian, although it was available in several languages. Eventually, it was published in its original language by the Chekhov Publishing House in 1952. So, what manuscript was the basis for the Chekhov Publishing House edition of We? At the death of Zamiatin, his widow, Liudmila Zamiatina had two galley proofs. When Mikhail Kaprpovich, editor-in-chief of New Journal, had an interest in publishing the novel in 1949, Liudmila sent the galley prood to Gleb Struve for the publication in New Journal. And, according to the correspondence of Gleb Struve and Vera Aleksandrova, editor-in-chief of the Chekhov Publishing House, she received this galley proof from Mikhail Karpovich. Very likely, The Chekhov Publishing House edition of We was based on this galley proof. Meanwhile, the Chekhov Publishing House was a branch of the East European Fund subsidized by the Ford Foundation. And the East European Fund assisted the Community Integration Program's efforts to help the refugees from Soviet Bloc nations to get settled in the United States and supported research programs on the U.S.S.R. This fact reminds us of the case of Animal Farm. As Orwell mentioned in 1948, the American authorities seized about half the copies of his book Animal Farm in Ukrainian edition and handed them over to the Soviet repatriation camp. A Ukrainian translation of Animal Farm was made by the D.P. historian, Ihor Ševčenko and distributed to Ukrainian readers in the camps.
Chitta Ranjan Das
Authors: Giri Ananta Kumar
Published: October 2011

Chitta Ranjan Das (1923–2011) was a creative seeker and transformative thinker who was engaged with manifold creative experiments in education, literature, cultural creativity and social criticism. He pioneered the integral education movement in Odisha following his earlier experiment in starting an experimental school named Jeevana Vidyalaya (School of Life) in mid-1950s. Chitta Ranjan helped many alternative groups of social action and co-realisations blossom. He wrote on many different challenges of self-development, social transformations and human evolution. This essay presents a glimpse into the creative life and works of Chitta Ranjan and explores his universal significance as a friend of our fragile world.
Commons to Capital
Authors: Mullick Samar Basu
Published: October 2011

The tribal and ecological history of India has been the history of forced transformation of the natural commons into private property engineered under both the colonial and post colonial state policy. In the following period of structural adjustment programme during and after the 1990s the state has opened the public domain for privatisation by the trans–national corporations and Indian small and large companies. Natural commons is being treated as capital. For the indigenous peoples, privatisation of natural commons is not only loss of livelihood but the disintegration of their communal life, their egalitarian culture and bio–centric world outlook. Disintegration of natural commons also leads to shrinking of knowledge commons, the knowledge of taming the animal kingdom, the medicinal values of vegetation and the climate.

For the women in the forest–based society natural commons has been the storehouse of their natural and ritual knowledge, a bastion of their economy and, more importantly, a source of their power and status. Loss of commons leads to the growth of patriarchy.

Disappearing commons prompts the community to internalise the dominant notion of privatisation of livelihood resources leading to the disintegration of many a traditional institution that strengthens the commons and the communal mode of production. The destruction of the old commons of natural resources and communal labour is bringing forth a new commons of labour market and natural resource bank for capital to exploit and rich to enjoy while the commoners suffer.
Conformity and Contestation
Authors: Srivastava Gouri
Published: October 2011

The Republic of Maldives, a unique archipelagic state, has succeeded in developing a unified national system of education. Curriculum reforms have been initiated to develop key competencies among children related to critical thinking, creativity, living a healthy life and developing skills for greater use of technology. The Republic also has the distinction of achieving universalisation of primary education and thereby being overtly closer to Millennium Development Goals. However in-depth research study undertaken in Male and in a few Atolls in 2007 portrayed that schooling and classroom processes were sites of conformity and contestation. With the change in the political landscape of Maldives the educational scenario has also witnessed changes. The present article attempts to highlight the efforts being made by the government in addressing practical needs and systemic issues that would initiate changes in the domain of Maldivian education by making it responsive to forces of globalisation and the needs and aspirations of all its stakeholders. This would go a long way in removing gap between policy rhetoric and schooling processes.
Socio-economic Gains and Losses
Authors: Chenwi Lilian
Published: October 2011

The inclusion of socio-economic rights in South Africa’s transformative Constitution, it was felt, would make the Constitution relevant to the majority of South Africans, in particular the previously oppressed. Accordingly, the courts, the Constitutional Court in particular, have sought to translate these rights into concrete benefits that make a real difference for those for whom poverty is a lived reality, demonstrating that they are willing to enforce not just the negative prohibitions but also the positive duties imposed by socio-economic rights. Notwithstanding this, the extent to which the decisions of the Constitutional Court contribute to social change has been limited by a number of factors including inadequate implementation of court orders. This article illustrates that, though significant progress has been made, much still needs to be done to promote socio-economic transformation in the interests of the poor and disadvantaged.
Tuned to the nation’s mood: Popular music as a mnemonic cultural object
Authors: Neiger Motti , Meyers Oren , Zandberg Eyal
Published: October 2011

This article explores the concept of sonic memory via the investigation of popular music that constitutes a radio playlist. Our case study focuses on the songs aired on Israel’s Memorial Day for the Holocaust and the Heroism during the state’s first decade of local-commercial radio broadcasting (1993–2002). The critical analysis sought to understand what makes certain songs so identifiable with the national mourning ritual and the ways in which such songs gain the authority to symbolize and shape social memories. The article deconstructs the songs’ commemorative authority through three primary questions: (1) What is one permitted to sing about when addressing the Holocaust in popular music? (2) Who is permitted to sing or write about it? (3) How are those individual artists permitted to sing about the Holocaust within the context of popular music? The findings suggest that the authority of the songs as ‘cultural objects’ is derived from a complex combination of their quiet tone and slow tempo, the biographies of their creators and performers, and their lyrics, written by poets who embrace a philosophical-existential point of view. Beyond this analysis, the article seeks to understand the power and efficacy of popular music as a cultural object.
Durable participants: A generational approach to reality TV’s ‘ordinary’ labor pool
Authors: Curnutt Hugh
Published: October 2011

The expansion of reality programming across television’s changing landscape has been the result of industrial strategies that seek out specific types of real people in order to cast them on particular types of shows. In the US, this practice has resulted in the reconfiguration of ordinary people into durable forms of talent. This paper adopts a generational model in order to contextualize the evolving status of reality TV’s participants since the genre’s (re)emergence at the turn of the century. In so doing, assertions that reality TV’s participants are unexceptional and therefore inherently disposable are argued to be increasingly inadequate when considered in the light of emerging post-network business models and labor practices.
Co-creation and co-destruction: A practice-theory based study of interactive value formation
Authors: Echeverri Per , Skålén Per
Published: October 2011

Drawing on an empirical study of public transport, this paper studies interactive value formation at the provider—customer interface, from a practice—theory perspective. In contrast to the bulk of previous research, it argues that interactive value formation is not only associated with value co-creation but also with value co-destruction. In addition, the paper also identifies five interaction value practices — informing, greeting, delivering, charging, and helping — and theorizes how interactive value formation takes place as well as how value is intersubjectively assessed by actors at the provider—customer interface. Furthermore, the paper also distinguishes between four types of interactive value formation praxis corresponding with four subject positions which practitioners step into when engaging in interactive value formation.
Austenite formation during heat treatment of P92 power plant steel welds: Dependence of A1 temperature on compositional changes
Authors: Chalk K M , Shipway P H , Allen D J
Published: October 2011

P92 steels are commonly used in advanced steam generating power plants with welding being a main method of component fabrication. Such welds are typically post-weld heat treated at temperatures up to 780°C, which is designed to be as high as possible without the danger of the formation of any austenite during the heat treatment itself. Moreover, it is recognised that, in practice, there will be differences between the specified heat treatment temperature and that which is actually achieved. There are a variety of weld consumables available that have been designed for joining P92 steels; these consumables are heavily alloyed but have ranges over which the compositions of each element in the consumable are allowed to vary. While reaustenitisation of P92 base metals during post-weld heat treatment in the normal temperature range is not likely, it is known that weld metals have much lower A1 temperatures than parent metals. As such, concerns have been raised that, although weld consumables may exist within their specifications, certain combinations of elemental variations may lead to a reduction in the A1 temperature to below that at which the post-weld heat treatment takes place. This paper investigates the effect of variations in alloying element content on the A1 temperature of P92 steels and appropriate weld consumables using a combination of modelling and experimental observations. An equation has been derived to predict the Ae1 temperature as a function of chemical composition for weld consumables designed for use with P92 steels, which can be used to identify compositions that may be in danger of reaustenitisation during normal post-weld heat treatment.
Novel spot friction stir welding of 6061 and 5052 Al alloys
Authors: Sun Y F , Fujii H , Takaki N , Okitsu Y
Published: October 2011

A novel two-step spot friction stir welding (FSW) technique was developed with the purpose to improve the mechanical property of the joints by removing the keyhole. In the first step, a conventional spot FSW is conducted above a round dent previously made on the back plate. Therefore, a protuberance was formed on the back side of the joints due to the flow of the materials into the dent during the welding process. In the second step, the welding process was conducted on a smooth back plate using a rotating tool without the probe in order to remove the protuberance on the back side and the keyhole on the front side. This novel spot FSW method was applied to 6061 and 5052 Al alloys, and it reveals that the final joints have a smooth surface with no defects inside and shows improved mechanical properties.
Metal transfer characteristics of GMAW with strip electrode
Authors: Zheng S M , Gao H M , Liu X
Published: October 2011

The metal transfer process of gas metal arc welding with strip electrode is observed by a high speed digital camera system. Because the rectangular strip electrode has a large width/thickness ratio, the pendant droplet is elliptical in shape, and multicurrent channels are generated. The Lorentz force induced between the multicurrent channels drives the droplet and welding arc to move along the strip electrode end, but the droplet always lags behind the welding arc. The movement results in uncertain droplet's detaching location and transition trajectory. The projected transfer mode is promoted, and the streaming and rotating transfer modes are restrained. With the increase in welding power, the droplet motion is faster but more stable. The stability can be reflected from the fluctuation of the welding current and arc voltage waveforms.
Impact of tool wear on joint strength in friction stir spot welding of DP 980 steel
Authors: Miles M P , Ridges C S , Hovanski Y , Peterson J , Santella M L , Steel R
Published: October 2011

Friction stir spot welding has been shown to be a viable method of joining ultra high strength steel, both in terms of joint strength and process cycle time. However, the cost of tooling must be reasonable in order for this method to be adopted as an industrial process. Recently a new tool alloy has been developed, using a blend of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) and tungsten rhenium (W–Re) in order to improve the toughness of the tool. Wear testing results are presented for two of these alloys: one with a composition of 60% PCBN and 40% W–Re, and one with 70% PCBN and 30% W–Re. The sheet material used for all wear testing was 1·4 mm DP 980. Lap shear testing was used to show the relationship between tool wear and joint strength. The Q70 tool provided the best combination of wear resistance and joint strength.
Measurements of fluid flow on keyhole front during laser welding
Authors: Eriksson I , Powell J , Kaplan A F H
Published: October 2011

This paper presents the results of a high speed video survey of melt flow on the front face of a keyhole created during fibre laser welding. Using fast Fourier transform techniques, quantitative values of fluid flow velocities down the keyhole front have been established. The results have led to a phenomenological understanding of some of the quality problems which arise at excess welding speeds. The downward flow velocity on the keyhole front is found to be generally independent of welding speed, and proportional to laser power.
Mechanical properties and strengthening mechanisms in laser beam welds of pure titanium
Authors: Liu H , Nakata K , Yamamoto N , Liao J
Published: October 2011

The mechanical properties and strengthening mechanisms in laser beam welds of pure titanium were investigated. Although grain coarsening is evidently observed in the heat affected zone (HAZ) and fusion zone (FZ) compared with the base metal (BM), the tensile and hardness tests indicate that the HAZ and FZ are stronger than the BM under the welding conditions employed in the present work. The strengthening mechanism in the HAZ is ascribed to the substructure strengthening and that in the FZ is attributed to the combination of the substructure strengthening and the solute solution strengthening.
Resistance microwelding of crossed Pt–10Ir and 316 LVM stainless steel wires
Authors: Huang Y D , Pequegnat A , Feng J C , Khan M I , Zhou Y
Published: October 2011

Resistance microwelding of dissimilar materials such as Pt–10Ir and 316 low carbon vacuum melted stainless steel is becoming increasingly important for making electrical connections in medical devices. The joining of dissimilar materials increases flexibility in design while providing economic advantages, where more cost effective materials can be substituted for traditional materials. In this work, the performance of joints made using different electrode forces was studied by examining the surface morphology, cross-sections, joint break force and dynamic resistance measurements from resistance microwelding joints. Electrode sticking and excessive expulsion were observed with low electrode forces, whereas joints with undesirable cracks and notches were produced at higher electrode forces. Based on the analysis of single pulse welds, a new process variation using multiple pulses was developed, which improved the weld surface quality while obtaining a joint strength near 90% of the Pt–10Ir wire tensile strength.
The Betrayal of Antioch: Narratives of Conversion and Conquest during the First Crusade
Authors: Birk Joshua C.
Published: October 2011

This essay provides an account of the uncomfortable discrepancies in the way Muslim conversion is depicted among the early Latin histories of the First Crusade. Local contexts within western Europe shaped fundamentally different views of the Crusades. An author writing from within the context of his experiences in the Norman world of southern Italy understood interactions between Christians and Muslims far differently from his contemporaries in northern France. This is a world in which the lines between Islam and Christianity were more fluid than we would at first expect. While the southern Italian Gesta Francorum depicts Muslim conversion at Antioch in terms of an alliance between Christian and Muslim warriors, subsequent Latin histories minimize such cooperation, bringing the account of the siege into the more readily accepted polarized view of the relation between Islam and Christianity that continues to haunt the history of the Crusades down to present day.
Beyond Muslim and Christian: The Moriscos’ Marian Scriptures
Authors: Remensnyder Amy G.
Published: October 2011

Early modern Spaniards, whether Old Christians or Moriscos, often used the Virgin Mary as a figure through which to define a fixed boundary between Islam and Christianity. Yet a set of sacred scriptures created by some Moriscos in late sixteenth-century Granada went against this trend by presenting her as the patron saint of those New Christians who were proud of their Muslim ancestry. These Moriscos fashioned their category-defying Virgin in documents still famed as the most audacious, ingenious, and scandalous of all the myriad forgeries produced by history-mad and falsification-prone early modern Spaniards: the Lead Books of Granada.
Marranos and Nicodemites in Sixteenth-Century Venice
Authors: Martin John Jeffries
Published: October 2011

Studies of religious dissimulation have generally assumed a moral topography of concealment: one holds one’s true religious beliefs privately, internally, while conforming outwardly to the expectations of the dominant society. This essay challenges this assumption through a comparative analysis of Nicodemites and Marranos in early modern Venice. Through a careful analysis of the records of the Roman Inquisition, the article argues that, while the standard model of religious dissimulation fits the case of the Nicodemites or crypto-Protestants quite well, it breaks down in the case of the Marranos or crypto-Jews (or presumed crypto-Jews). Three major differences between these two phenomena emerge. First, Nicodemites were voluntary converts to Protestantism, while Marranos were either forced converts or the children of forced converts to Catholicism. Secondly, Protestant and especially Calvinist writers offered little support for those Nicodemites who sought to conceal their beliefs and practices from their neighbors and the authorities, while rabbinical sources were far more supportive of the need for many Jews to live as though they were Christians in an age of persecution. Lastly, the very terms inner and outer had different meanings: Nicodemites maintained a clear inner/outer distinction, while Marranos held no such clear distinction. Marranos valued closeness more than interiority or proofs of interior conviction.
One-step Solid-state Reaction for the Synthesis of Hexagonal or Rhombohedral Boron Nitride Nanoplates in Autoclaves
Authors: Wang Tingting , Ju Zhicheng , Sun Changhui , Qian Yitai
Published: October 2011

Crystalline hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) hexagonal nanoplates were synthesized by the reaction of B2O3, NH4F, and metallic Na at 700 °C. The edge sizes of the hexagonal nanoplates are 400 nm, and the average thickness is 100 nm. As the reaction temperature was set at 500 °C, rhombohedral boron nitride (r-BN) triangular nanoplates nearly 200 nm across and about 20 nm thick were obtained. TGA analysis results reveal that thermal stability of h-BN hexagonal nanoplates was better than that of r-BN triangular nanoplates in air.
Synthesis and Conducting Properties of a New Mixed-valence Cu(I)–Cu(II) 1-D Coordination Polymer Bridged by Morpholine Dithiocarbamate
Authors: Kim Kyung Ho , Ueta Takashi , Okubo Takashi , Hayami Shinya , Anma Haruho , Kato Kazuya , Shimizu Tetsuya , Fujimori Jyunji , Maekawa Masahiko , Kuroda-Sowa Takayoshi
Published: October 2011

A novel mixed-valence Cu(I)–Cu(II) coordination polymer with an infinite one-dimensional (1-D) structure, [CuI4CuIII4(Mor-dtc)2(CH3CN)2]n (Mor-dtc−: morpholine dithiocarbamate), was prepared and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction. This complex consists of a mononuclear copper(II) unit of [CuII(Mor-dtc)2] and a tetranuclear Cu(I) unit of [Cu4I4(CH3CN)2]. It also shows semiconductive behaviors with a relatively small activation energy, which was revealed by impedance analysis.
Diffusion Coefficients of Arsenate and Arsenite in Water at Various pH
Authors: Takahashi Yoshio , Sakamitsu Mika , Tanaka Masato
Published: October 2011

Diffusion coefficients (D) of arsenite and arsenate at various pH, or degrees of dissociation, were reported by diffusion cell, some values of which are newly reported in this letter. Systematic decrease of D depending on the dissociation of arsenite and arsenate shows that D is closely related to the size of the hydrated ions.
N-Heterocyclic Carbene-catalyzed Difluorocarbene Generation and its Application to Aryl Difluoromethyl Ether Synthesis
Authors: Fuchibe Kohei , Koseki Yuta , Sasagawa Hisashi , Ichikawa Junji
Published: October 2011

NHC-catalyzed generation of difluorocarbene from trimethylsilyl 2,2-difluoro-2-(fluorosulfonyl)acetate (TFDA) enables the synthesis of enol difluoromethyl ethers starting from cyclohexenones and tetralones. The resultant enol difluoromethyl ethers were successively dehydrogenated with DDQ to furnish aryl difluoromethyl ethers in good to high yield.
The non-operative functional management of patients with a rupture of the tendo Achillis leads to low rates of re-rupture
Authors: Wallace R. G. H. , Heyes G. J. , Michael A. L. R.
Published: October 2011

Controversy surrounds the most appropriate treatment method for patients with a rupture of the tendo Achillis. The aim of this study was to assess the long term rate of re-rupture following management with a non-operative functional protocol.

We report the outcome of 945 consecutive patients (949 tendons) diagnosed with a rupture of the tendo Achillis managed between 1996 and 2008. There were 255 female and 690 male patients with a mean age of 48.97 years (12 to 86). Delayed presentation was defined as establishing the diagnosis and commencing treatment more than two weeks after injury. The overall rate of re-rupture was 2.8% (27 re-ruptures), with a rate of 2.9% (25 re-ruptures) for those with an acute presentation and 2.7% (two re-ruptures) for those with delayed presentation.

This study of non-operative functional management of rupture of the tendo Achillis is the largest of its kind in the literature. Our rates of re-rupture are similar to, or better than, those published for operative treatment. We recommend our regime for patients of all ages and sporting demands, but it is essential that they adhere to the protocol.
Long-term bisphosphonate usage and subtrochanteric insufficiency fractures
Authors: Yoon R. S. , Hwang J. S. , Beebe K. S.
Published: October 2011

For over a decade, bisphosphonate administration has evolved and become the cornerstone of the prevention and treatment of fragility fractures. Millions of post-menopausal women have relied on, and continue to depend on, the long-acting, bone density-maintaining pharmaceutical drug to prevent low-energy fractures. In return, we have seen the number of fragility fractures decrease, along with associated costs and emotional benefits. However, with any drug, there are often concerns with side effects and complications, and this unique drug class is seeing one such complication in atypical subtrochanteric femoral fracture, counterproductive to that which it was designed to prevent. This has created concern over long-term bisphosphonate administration and its potential link to these atypical fractures. There is controversial evidence surrounding such a definitive link, and no protocol for managing these fractures.

This review offers the latest information regarding this rare but increasingly controversial adverse effect and its potential connection to one of the most successful forms of treatment that is available for the management of fragility fractures.