bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of the impact of internet use on the mental health of rural older adults—empirical analysis based on China General Social Survey 2021 data
Authors: Hu Jiangwei , Zhang Guocai , Wang Mingda
Published: December 2024

Background

In the context of the era of both digitalization and aging, Internet use plays an important role in supporting the rural older adults to actively integrate into the digital society and improve their mental health.

Purpose

To explore the impact of Internet use on the mental health of rural older adults and the mediating role of their social participation.

Methods

Based on the latest data from the China General Social Survey (CGSS) 2021, the study utilized linear regression analysis to explore the impact of Internet use on the mental health of rural older adults and the mediating role of their social participation.

Results

The two important results of the analysis are: (1) internet use is significantly and positively related to the mental health of rural older adults, and (2) internet use can have an indirect effect on the mental health of rural older adults through two pathways: (a) the complete mediating effect of social participation;(b) partial mediating role of friend-gathering type participation.

Discussion

Internet use, social participation, and friend-gathering type participation all have an effect on the mental health of rural older adults. The research results reveal the impact of Internet use on the mental health of rural older adults and its mechanism, which is helpful to provide useful enlightenment for improving the mental health of rural older adults in the Internet era.
Study on regional differences and causes of emergency logistics responsiveness under the impact of public emergencies—findings from Chinese samples
Authors: Chen Heng , Guo Yuan , Lin Xianglong , Qi Xianchao
Published: December 2024

Introduction

In recent years, the frequency and intensity of natural disasters and public emergencies around the world have been steadily increasing. Emergency logistics plays an irreplaceable role in providing rapid material and service support in the aftermath of disasters. Therefore, systematically analyzing the differences in emergency logistics responsiveness across various regions of China and understanding their underlying causes are of great significance for optimizing emergency logistics systems and improving disaster responsiveness.

Methods

In order to identify the regional differences and causes of China’s emergency logistics responsiveness under the impact of public emergencies, this paper pioneered the development of an index system for evaluating emergency logistics responsiveness. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2021, this paper used the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method to quantify the emergency logistics responsiveness of various regions in China. In addition, this study uses a panel quantile regression model to evaluate the differences in emergency logistics responsiveness in various regions of China under the impact of public emergencies, and the causes of regional differences are explored.

Results

The research results show that: (1) China’s emergency logistics responsiveness is upward, but the regional differences are expanding. (2) Compared with the central and eastern regions, the western region’s emergency logistics responsiveness has continuously improved due to the expanding scale of public emergencies. However, the emergency logistics responsiveness of the eastern region has constantly been reduced due to the impact of public emergencies. In contrast, the central region has been reduced first and then improved. (3) The level of emergency logistics technology cannot effectively promote emergency logistics responsiveness. Under the impact of public emergencies, the labor input of the logistics industry cannot effectively meet the needs of emergency logistics activities. The administrative command method and the level of marketization inhibit emergency logistics responsiveness. The improvement of the social labor input level, urbanization level, logistics development level, and digitalization level can effectively promote emergency logistics responsiveness.

Discussion

The above results show that China should pay attention to regional differences. Each region should rely on the existing logistics system and plan and build emergency logistics hubs according to the characteristics of emergencies in each region. Continue to strengthen regional exchanges and cooperation to narrow the gap in regional emergency logistics responsiveness. At the same time, this paper plays a driving role in China’s joint emergency logistics rescue cooperation with other countries worldwide.
Chronic impacts of natural infrastructure on the physical and psychological health of university students during and after COVID−19: a case study of Chengdu, China
Authors: Peng Yi , He Haoxing , Lv Bingyang , Wang Jiali , Qin Qiao , Song Jialu , Liu Yuzhou , Su Wenjun , Song Huixing , Chen Qibing
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the health benefits of green spaces, yet research on how specific elements of natural infrastructure affect well-being during the pandemic has been limited.

Methods

This study, conducted at Sichuan Agricultural University with 300 students in 2022, investigated how urban natural infrastructure impacts physical and psychological well-being during the pandemic. Different aspects of natural infrastructure, such as thermal comfort, air quality (negative ion concentration), and noise and light levels, varied in their positive effects on students’ health.

Results

The findings revealed that 65.6% of university students felt reduced stress when engaging with outdoor spaces, and 72.8% of them renewed recognized the therapeutic value of nature.

Discussion

The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating natural elements into urban planning to enhance outdoor activity and well-being, especially in post-pandemic settings. Recommendations are provided for future urban design to address the therapeutic needs of specific populations.
Exploiting passive behaviours for diverse musical playing using the parametric hand
Authors: Gilday Kieran , Pyeon Dohyeon , Dhanush S. , Cho Kyu-Jin , Hughes Josie
Published: December 2024

Creativity and style in music playing originates from constraints and imperfect interactions between instruments and players. Digital and robotic systems have so far been unable to capture this naturalistic playing. Whether as an additional tool for musicians, function restoration with prosthetics, or artificial intelligence-powered systems, the physical embodiment and interactions generated are critical for expression and connection with an audience. We introduce the parametric hand, which serves as a platform to explore the generation of diverse interactions for the stylistic playing of both pianos and guitars. The hand’s anatomical design and non-linear actuation are exploitable with simple kinematic modeling and synergistic actuation. This enables the modulation of two degrees of freedom for piano chord playing and guitar strumming with up to 6.6 times the variation in the signal amplitude. When only varying hand stiffness properties, we achieve capabilities similar to the variation exhibited in human strumming. Finally, we demonstrate the exploitability of behaviours with the rapid programming of posture and stiffness for sequential instrument playing, including guitar pick grasping. In summary, we highlight the utility of embodied intelligence in musical instrument playing through interactive behavioural diversity, as well as the ability to exploit behaviours over this diversity through designed behavioural robustness and synergistic actuation.
Multi-environment performance analysis identifies more productive and widely adapted chicken breeds for smallholder farmers
Authors: Kebede Fasil Getachew , Komen Hans , Dessie Tadelle , Hanotte Olivier , Kemp Steve , Alemu Setegn Worku , Bastiaansen John W. M.
Published: December 2024

Smallholder chicken production system is dominant in tropical developing countries and it contributes significantly to the livelihoods of farmers. Performance of flocks is often too low to meet growing demands for meat and eggs. Unavailability of productive and adaptive breeds that match suitably with the environment is a major limitation. Breeds developed for low- or medium-input systems elsewhere can be evaluated for their performances and introduced at scale to enhance productivity and improve socioeconomic outcomes. Such genetic interventions require conducting multi-environment performance analysis (MEPA) of candidate breeds. However, analytical frameworks and methods are not readily available to identify the best performing breeds considering agroecological differences. Methods used in plant breeding to predict productivity and yield stability of genotypes across environments are theoretically applicable to smallholder livestock systems. In the present study, we adapted two modeling approaches of MEPA to evaluate growth performance of chicken breeds across different agroecologies in Ethiopia. Contrary to the conventional classification system that relies on the types of plants grown and other agronomic variables to delineate agroecological classes, we utilized classes defined by Species Distribution Models (SDMs). SDM defined agroecologies take into account the most relevant environmental predictors that influence suitability of habitats for a livestock species and are ideal for breed performance evaluations. Additive main effects multiplicative interaction model (AMMI) and linear mixed-effects models (LMM) were fitted on three agroecologies and five improved chicken breeds to evaluate growth performance until 180-days-of-age (W180) and yield stability (environmental sensitivity). A total of 21,562 chickens were evaluated in 1,557 smallholder flocks. Our results show that LMM had the best model fit on productivity and yield stability. In both methods of MEPA, Sasso and Kuroiler dual-purpose commercial hybrid chickens were the most productive breeds for W180. Indexes based on LMM consistently identified these two breeds also as the most yield stable. Our results demonstrate that the existing methods of MEPA that are being used in plant breeding are applicable to breed performance comparisons and prediction of genotype by environment interactions (GxE). Moreover, the present study validated that SDM-defined agroecologies are useful for undertaking MEPA in smallholder livestock systems.
Mineral composition in mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and clam Tapes decussatus from Faro Lake of Messina: risk assessment for human health
Authors: Bruno Fabio , Nava Vincenzo , Zappalà Sebastiano , Costa Giovanna Lucrezia , Fazio Francesco , Parrino Vincenzo , Licata Patrizia
Published: December 2024

Bivalve are exposed to a wide range of contaminants, some of which may be toxic to human health. The aim of this study was to detect essential and non-essential elements such as Na, Ca, Mg, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Hg, Be and Co in water, sediments, and Mytilus galloprovincialis and Tapes decussatus from Faro Lake. It is a lake of marine origin located on the northern coast of Messina (Sicily), where shellfish farming has been practiced for many years. Metals were analysed by a single quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), except for Hg, which was quantified using a direct mercury analyser (DMA-80). The study evaluated the nutritional intake of elements through the ingestion of clams and mussels and the potential health risks to consumers. The lead levels found in M. galloprovincialis were below the LOQ, while in T. decussatus the concentrations were below the limit indicated by European Regulation 915/2023. Statistical analysis was carried out on M. galloprovincialis and T. decussatus samples using SPSS 27 and the data showed highly significant differences between the two species (p < 0.001). Cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) concentrations were also below the legal limit in all samples analyzed. This study has shown that clams and mussels are a source of sodium (Na) with a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of 36% in M. galloprovincialis and 77% in T. decussatus. The percentages obtained for calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were 17%–19% and 18%–8%, respectively. The RDA of chromium (Cr) was of 191% for M. galloprovincialis and of 405% for T. decussatus. The Fe percentages were 92% and 169% for M. galloprovincialis and T. decussatus, respectively. The concentrations of the other metals observed in the two bivalve species of Lake Faro were generally lower than the Tolerable Weekly Intake (TWI) values estimated as a risk to human health.
First detection and characterization of genetically divergent canine calicivirus strains in domestic dogs in China
Authors: Li Sihan , Chu Liangyu , Zhang Yancheng , Yu Yaxuan , Wang Guoqing
Published: December 2024

Canine calicivirus (CaCV) belongs to the Caliciviridae family, which invades multiple host species. Notably, there are distinct serological and genetic differences between CaCV and other caliciviruses. However, the genome data for only 13 strains of CaCV have been recorded. Moreover, there have been no reports on the CaCV genome in China. To understand the genetic characteristics of CaCV in China, this study tested CaCV in 52 canine nasal swab samples by RT–PCR and finally determined that two samples were positive for this virus. The complete genome sequences of both CaCV strains were obtained through sequencing, with a genomic length of 8,453 bp. The genomic sequences of the two Chinese CaCV strains presented 83.6% nucleotide similarity with each other but 71.6%−90.2% nucleotide similarity with previously reported CaCV strains, indicating that these two CaCV strains were genetically divergent. The subsequent sequence analysis indicated that these two strains possessed unique nucleotide sites in their genomic sequences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Chinese CaCV strains belonged to different evolutionary branches. Overall, the present study provides new knowledge on the prevalence and genetic diversity of CaCV in China.
Impact of Rotor-to-Rotor Interactions on the Tonal Noise Characteristics of Different Octocopter Configurations
Authors: Aziz Aqib , Shi Yongjie
Published: December 2024

Rotor-to-rotor interactions have been found to significantly contribute to acoustic characteristics. The present research presents a novel idea to conduct comparative studies on the aeroacoustics characteristics of conventional, coaxial, and hybrid octocopter configurations in hover and steady forward flight to identify the configuration that has minimal noise levels. Moreover, the influence of vertical spacing in the coaxial octocopter is explored, and an aeroacoustics comparison of coaxial and hybrid configurations with larger-diameter rotors in the same confined vehicle space for missions that require a high thrust is presented at the end. The virtual blade method (VBM) is employed herein for aerodynamic analysis due to its high computational efficiency, and a numerical analysis code based on FWH equations is developed for the acoustics analysis. The hover results show that coaxial configurations produce a peak SPL value of 93 dB, which is 5 dB louder than the conventional configuration and 3 dB louder than the hybrid configuration. The coaxial configuration with 0.125 R vertical spacing produced a peak SPL of 92 dB, which is 5 dB louder than the 0.5 R and 10 dB louder than the 1.5 R. In steady forward flight with normal-sized rotors, the hybrid configuration outperformed the others with a peak SPL value of 85 dB, which is 7 dB lower than that of the conventional configuration; meanwhile, the other configurations had similar noise values. The noise attributed to larger rotors in a confined vehicle space during hover flight in the coaxial configuration is 5 dB less than that of the hybrid configuration at almost all elevation angles in the farfield; meanwhile, a 5 dB difference was observed in the front half of the vehicle in forward flight and minute differences were found in the rear half.
Assessment of Resistance to PVY in Interspecific Hybrids Obtained by Combining Type va Resistance from Nicotiana tabacum with the Resistance from PVY-Immune Species Nicotiana africana
Authors: Depta Anna , Doroszewska Teresa , Berbeć Apoloniusz
Published: December 2024

Tobacco veinal necrosis caused by the potato virus Y (PVY) substantially affects yields and crop quality of tobacco. PVY shows high variability in virulence due to numerous mutations and recombinations. The types of resistance available for tobacco include the va type, effective against some PVY isolates but succumbing to others, and the Nicotiana africana-derived type, fully effective in its native genetic milieu but limited to varying degrees of tolerance when transferred to N. tabacum. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pyramiding potential of these two sources of resistance in alloploid hybrids of Nicotiana tabacum x N. africana. To this end, amphidiploids involving N. tabacum cvs. VAM and Wiślica, each being the carrier of a different variant of the va gene, were created and advanced from F1 to two subsequent selfed generations and to BC1 generation with either VAM or Wiślica as the recurrent N. tabacum parent. The hybrid populations thus produced were challenged with two PVY necrotic isolates, IUNG 23 and IUNG 20, mild and severe isolate belonging to the PVYN-Wi and PVYNTN groups, respectively. The mild isolate failed to infect any of the hybrids or parental species. The hybrids varied in their response to IUNG 20. The F1 and F2 populations were composed of asymptomatic hosts to PVY and of those showing mild vein clearing but no necrotic plants. There was a progressive increase in ability to resist PVY in successive amphidiploid generations, with 30 and 10% of fully resistant plants appearing in the F3 amphidiploids involving VAM and Wiślica. Further research is needed to account for the appearance of segregants completely resistant to PVY, since neither N. africana factor is fully expressed in N. tabacum, nor do the va alleles confer resistance against PVYNTN isolates.
Differences in Gene Expression in Germinated Soybean Seeds Among Four Cultivars, as Identified by Single Seed High-Throughput RNA Sequencing
Authors: Nakamura Kosuke , Gondo Takahiro , Chiba Shinji , Akimoto Satoshi , Narushima Jumpei , Kondo Kazunari , Sugano Yohei , Tanaka Hidenori , Hashiguchi Masatsugu , Shiwa Yuh , Akashi Ryo
Published: December 2024

Gene expression in individual germinated seeds of four different soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) cultivars, GL3494, OAC Kent, Williams 82, and Jackson, was examined using single seed high-throughput RNA sequencing (ssRNA-seq). The gene expression was similar between two individual seeds of the same cultivar, but different among individual seeds of the four cultivars. Notably, ssRNA-seq identified five genes that were not stably expressed in Williams 82, having either no detectable sequence reads or less than five sequence reads mapped to the exon regions of chromosomes in Williams 82. These findings were validated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. The study’s results demonstrate that gene expression in germinated seeds is unique to an individual seed from each soybean cultivar. This uniqueness may affect composition and content of nutrients in germinated soybeans used as food ingredients.
Equine Milk and Meat: Nutritious and Sustainable Alternatives for Global Food Security and Environmental Sustainability—A Review
Authors: Pânzaru Claudia , Doliș Marius Gheorghe , Radu-Rusu Răzvan-Mihail , Pascal Constantin , Maciuc Vasile , Davidescu Mădălina-Alexandra
Published: December 2024

Global hunger and malnutrition continue to pose significant challenges, entailing innovative and environmentally responsible practices to improve food security. Equine products offer a valuable opportunity to diversify diets and combat nutritional deficiencies. Equine milk, rich in bioavailable nutrients, essential fatty acids, and hypoallergenic properties, serves as an excellent dietary supplement; this aspect could be applied particularly in regions where conventional dairy is inaccessible or unsuitable due to allergies, lactose intolerance, or other health conditions. Similarly, equine meat, known for its high-quality protein content, low fat content, and essential micronutrients like iron and zinc, provides an affordable and sustainable protein source for food-insecure populations. The ability of equines to thrive on marginal lands, coupled with their lower environmental impact compared to traditional livestock (such as ruminants), underscores their potential within sustainable agricultural systems. This review examines the role of equine products in addressing global hunger, highlighting their nutritional benefits, environmental advantages, and the necessity for further research to tackle challenges related to versatility, cultural acceptance, and policy integration.
Understanding the Perceptions of Organic Products in Romania: Challenges and Opportunities for Market Growth in the Context of the European Green Deal
Authors: Dan Iulia Sorina , Jitea Ionel Mugurel
Published: December 2024

The rising interest in organic products aligns with a global push for sustainable development, notably through initiatives like the European Green Deal introduced by the European Commission. In Romania, although organic farming and product consumption are increasing, they remain well below the EU averages. This study explores Romanian consumers’ and non-consumers’ perceptions and attitudes toward organic products in a contemporary context shaped by post-COVID-19 adjustments and geopolitical tensions. By developing consumer profiles, the study provides insights to help manufacturers and sellers diversify their strategies such as to meet the EU Green Deal targets. Data were collected from 833 respondents using an online survey and then analyzed with SPSS 23.0. The sample is more representative of young, well-educated, urban residents and, therefore, not fully representative of the entire Romanian population. Descriptive statistics revealed socio-demographic profiles and means for variables reflecting consumer attitudes toward organic products. Exploratory factor analysis with Varimax rotation identified core dimensions among variables and cluster analysis was used to identify different consumer groups. Findings show that typical organic product consumers are younger, well educated, and value quality, reflecting a commitment to sustainable choices. However, high prices are the main barrier to market growth, deterring many potential consumers. Additionally, there is considerable skepticism about organic foods, with doubts about their advantages over conventional products, and a lack of information limits consumer understanding of organic product benefits. These obstacles hinder broader adoption of organic foods in Romania. Future public policies should better support organic market chains to promote the positive externalities of such products such as to meet the ambitious EU Green Deal targets.
Multiple Cropping Systems for Improving Crop Yield and Soil Quality
Authors: Yin Xiaogang , Song Zhenwei
Published: December 2024

Agriculture has been facing challenges to ensure simultaneous food security while mitigating greenhouse gas emissions under climate change [...]
Fine Mapping of Bush Gene and Development of Molecular Marker for Bush Type in Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duch.)
Authors: Li Chun , He Zhen , Li Yifan , Lan Yanhong , Gong Fangyi , Cai Peng , Yang Nan , Liu Yan , Xia Feng , Liang Genyun , Liu Xiaojun
Published: December 2024

The bush trait is an important agronomic trait with great value for pumpkin crops. In this study, a bush-type line, CS82, identified in pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) showed no obvious main vine, and all petioles clustered at the extremely shortened stem with limited internodes. The microscopy analysis revealed that the bush-type phenotype may be due to the degeneration of the shoot apex. Genetic analysis showed that the bush-type phenotype is controlled by a single dominant nuclear gene. Exogenous gibberellin treatment could not recover the bush-type phenotype to the wild type, indicating that the bush-type phenotype is not due to the mutation of gibberellin biosynthesis genes. The BSA-seq analysis preliminarily mapped the Bush gene to Chr.15 of the pumpkin genome. Further fine mapping limited the Bush gene to a physical distance of 95.65 kb with 19 genes. Based on the gene function and the 63 bp deletion, CmaCh15G011490, encoding an axial regulator YABBY 5-like protein, was selected as the candidate gene for the Bush gene. A quick and efficient method was developed for bush-type phenotype identification, which is useful for bush-type variety breeding in pumpkin.
Harnessing Data-Driven Technologies for Sustainable Farming Practices
Authors: Vélez Sergio , Álvarez Sara
Published: December 2024

Remote sensing (RS) and machine learning (ML) are driving significant changes in agriculture [...]
Preliminary Study of Distribution of Soil Available Nutrients in Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) Orchards and Their Responses to Environmental Factors Based on Path Analysis Model
Authors: Zhao Yue , Gong Linzhong , Wang Furong , Liu Yong , Ai Xiaoyan , Zhu Wei , Zhang Yang , Gan Zhimeng , He Huaping , Wang Huiliang
Published: December 2024

Soil available nutrients (SANs) can be rapidly converted, absorbed, and utilized by crops. The study of the spatial distribution and variation of SANs, as well as their response to environmental factors, is crucial for precision fertilization and soil ecosystem function regulation. In this study, 220 soil surface-layer samples (0–20 cm) were collected in 2019 from loquat orchards in the mid-low mountain hilly areas of central China to explore the spatial distribution and variation of SANs, as well as the effects of environmental factors (including the topography, vegetation index, soil property, and climate) on SANs, using a path analysis model. The results showed that the available potassium (AK) and ammonium nitrogen (AN) levels exhibited a moderate average content, which was 123.14 mg·kg−1 and 119.03 mg·kg−1, respectively, whereas available phosphorus (AP) levels displayed a high average content (26.78 mg·kg−1), and all three SANs showed an uneven spatial distributions. The nugget effect values of AK and AN ranged from 25% to 75%, indicating moderate spatial variation, and those of AP were <25%, suggesting high spatial variation. Furthermore, the mean annual precipitation (MAP) had a direct positive effect on AK levels, while slope had an indirect effect on AK levels through the ratio vegetation index (RVI), suggesting that precipitation had greater impact on AK levels than topography. Soil erosion had a direct negative effect on AP and AN levels, accelerating the loss of SANs. The MAP and soil type (ST) directly affected soil AN content. Specifically, sufficient precipitation and fine soil facilitated the storage and conversion of AN in soil. Taken together, our path analysis indicated that all the four categories of environmental factors had direct or indirect effects on SANs, and our geostatistical analysis revealed the spatial distribution and variation law of SANs in the study area. Our findings offer a theoretical basis and valuable references for achieving precision fertilization in orchards and improving loquat yield and quality.
Discharge Regulation Considering the Variation of Natural Parameters in Border Field
Authors: Liu Kaihua , Wu Tian’ao , Jiao Xiyun , Li Jiang , Guo Weihua , Gu Zhe
Published: December 2024

The variability of natural parameters in border fields is one of the main factors leading to poor irrigation performance. To explore the impact of natural parameter variation on border irrigation performance, a four-year field irrigation experiment was conducted in this study, and the obtained parameters were combined with the WinSRFR V4.1 model to simulate the advance–recession process under different discharge scenarios. Based on the observed and simulated data, the influence of natural parameter variation on the flow process of constant discharge irrigation was analyzed, and thus the optimal observation points for advancing and discharge regulation strategy were further established. The results indicated that in a constant discharge border irrigation system, the irrigation performance index showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase in discharge, and the variation range of the reduced section was smaller than that of the increased section. Therefore, the risk of inefficient irrigation caused by flow fluctuations could be reduced to a certain extent by increasing the discharge. Additionally, variability in natural parameters also caused the water advance time to deviate gradually from expectations, and the deviation would be obvious when the flow advanced to the point of 40 m. The adjustment range of the optimal regulation discharge qM was greater than the corresponding optimal constant discharge qD2 under natural parameter variations. In the ideal situation of uniform natural parameters within the border, the optimal discharge regulation scheme could improve the application efficiency, irrigation uniformity, and water storage efficiency to 97.3%, 95.5%, and 96.9%, respectively. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the development of automatic regulation of border irrigation systems.
Cycas Leaf:Seed Ratios Do Not Influence Seed Size, Gametophyte Carbohydrates, or Leaf Photosynthesis
Authors: Marler Thomas E.
Published: December 2024

Experimental manipulations of the balance between leaves as source organs and reproductive structures as sink organs have contributed greatly to our understanding of the assimilate partitioning and regulation of leaf photosynthesis. In order to add cycads to this research agenda, the full range in natural variation in leaf:seed ratio and incident light level of in situ Cycas micronesica was augmented with the experimental manipulation of leaf:seed ratios of C. micronesica and Cycas edentata in Guam and the Philippines. In every study, individual seed size and concentrations of megagametophyte carbon, starch, and sugars were not influenced by leaf:seed ratio. The leaf net photosynthesis (Pn) and operational efficiency of photosystem II were also quantified for the in situ studies, and leaf:seed ratio did not influence these leaf physiology traits. The natural variation in incident light revealed increased net Pn for C. micronesica trees receiving greater levels of light, but the sink traits of seeds were not influenced by these differences in source strength. The findings indicated that the size and sink activity of individual cycad seeds are constitutive traits that are not influenced by the relative balance between leaf source and seed sink size at the individual plant level. The results also reveal that upregulation or downregulation of cycad leaf Pn is not influenced by sink size or source:sink ratio. The massive amounts of nonstructural carbohydrates in cycad stems and roots may explain these findings, as these organs may be the primary source for strobilus and seed growth independently from leaf Pn.
Heat Stress in Japanese Quails (Coturnix japonica): Benefits of Phytase Supplementation
Authors: Ribeiro Apolônio Gomes , Silva Raiane dos Santos , Silva Dayane Albuquerque da , Nascimento Júlio Cézar dos Santos , Souza Lilian Francisco Arantes de , Silva Edijanio Galdino da , Ribeiro José Evangelista Santos , Campos Danila Barreiro , Alves Clara Virgínia Batista de Vasconcelos , Saraiva Edilson Paes , Costa Fernando Guilherme Perazzo , Guerra Ricardo Romão
Published: December 2024

In tropical and subtropical climate regions, heat stress is one of the main causes of production losses in laying quails, aggravated by the antinutritional effects of the phytate in diet ingredients, which negatively affect the bioavailability of minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus. This situation results in a reduction in production and the quality of eggs from commercial laying quails. Several nutritional strategies are utilized to reduce the adverse effects of high temperatures and antinutritional factors such as phytate. Among these strategies, the use of exogenous enzymes, such as phytase, stands out as a viable alternative. Phytase breaks down phytate molecules, optimizing the absorption of essential minerals and improving productive performance and egg quality under unfavorable conditions. Specifically, it is recommended to use 1500 FTU of phytase, as it not only reduces the effects of thermal stress but also enhances eggshell thickness and calcium absorption. In this context, this bibliographic review sought to produce a document demonstrating the beneficial effects of the phytase enzyme on the hydrolysis of the phytate molecule, the availability of calcium for Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica), and its implications in thermal stress due to heat.
The Population Development of the Red Mason Bee, Osmia bicornis L., for Different Types of Nesting Materials
Authors: Zajdel Barbara , Borański Mikołaj , Kucharska Kornelia , Gąbka Jakub
Published: December 2024

Osmia bicornis L. is a widespread and valued pollinator species. It is considered to be easy to breed, provided that the nesting material in which the bees build their nests is of sufficient quality and quantity. The aim of this study was to test several different types of nesting materials: reeds and commercial structures, including wood, MDF (Medium Density Fibreboard), plastic, paper or polystyrene. The highest levels of nest cavity occupancy were found in reeds (90%) and grooved MDF (over 80%). We have shown that maintaining mason bee colonies in polystyrene leads to reproductive losses (occupancy only 2% of nesting holes). Mason bees built the most cells in MDF (8.02 cells/hole) and wood (7.34 cells/hole), slightly fewer in plastic (6.83 cells/hole) and reeds (6.74 cells/hole), and the fewest in paper (3.67 cells/hole). The most cocoons per nest were obtained from reed (average 5.47), MDF (4.84) and plastic (4.74). We observed the highest mortality in plastic (2 larvae/hole), and the lowest in reeds (0.92 larvae/hole). In nests made of wood, MDF and paper, large nesting losses were caused by the migration of Ch. osmiae mites along and through the nest holes. The most hygienic nesting material turned out to be reed and plastic forms.
Animal Abuse Investigations: Challenges and Recommendations to Improve Animal and Human Welfare
Authors: Niemiec Rebecca , Kogan Lori R.
Published: December 2024

Animal cruelty is widespread, yet it is often overlooked by professionals as a form of trauma and not perceived as a serious crime. This study explores current challenges to the effective management of animal abuse and neglect cases in the state of Colorado, USA, to better understand systemic barriers and their impact on those involved, and offers concrete, practical suggestions for improvement. Interviews with 24 law enforcement and Bureau of Animal Protection (BAP) agents/staff were conducted, and an integrated thematic analysis method was utilized to inductively analyze participants’ responses to interview questions. The most common barriers to addressing animal cruelty cases identified by law enforcement/BAP personnel included (1) a lack of places to take removed animals and resources to care for them; (2) challenges working with the district attorney’s office; (3) a general lack of knowledge and training on how to address cases and the documentation required; and (4) insufficient enforcement personnel to conduct investigations and conduct required follow-up. Suggested changes include expansion of temporary housing options, additional training, expert investigators and social workers/mental health professionals, and possible amendments to state statutes. In addition, the use of a trauma-informed model is recommended to best meet the psychological needs of all those involved in animal welfare work.
Clinical Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Treatment in Patients with Pemphigus—A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Welc Natalia , Ważniewicz Sandra , Głuszak Paweł , Spałek Maciej , Seraszek-Jaros Agnieszka , Jałowska Magdalena , Dmochowski Marian
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Pemphigus comprises a diverse group of disorders within the autoimmune bullous dermatoses (AIBDs) spectrum. Among these, pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) are the most commonly encountered variants. Despite its rarity, this condition can pose a life-threatening risk. We aimed to assess clinical characteristics, comorbidities, medication, as well as the treatment of various types of pemphigus in pemphigus patients. Methods: We gathered data from 69 patients treated in the Department of Dermatology in the years 2016–2023. The investigation included sex, age at diagnosis, type of pemphigus, comorbidities and medications, presence of neoplasms and treatment of pemphigus, as well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and direct immunofluorescence (DIF) results. The data were statistically analyzed with the p-value set at 0.05. Results: The study group comprised 69 patients, including 41 women and 28 men. The mean age at diagnosis was 56.89 years +/− 15.42 years. A total of 79.31% of the patients were diagnosed with PV and the following 26.09% with PF. The most common comorbidities were arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus. The dominant treatment regimen was the systemic use of glucocorticosteroids (GCSs; 90% and 94% of PV and PF patients, respectively). More than half of the patients received at least one GCS-sparing treatment, including dapsone and rituximab. We observed a significantly frequent presence of IgG deposits in DIF in patients with PF (p = 0.0217) and a subsequent correlation between the concurrent presence of IgG deposits in DIF and anti-DSG1 antibodies in ELISA testing (p = 0.0469). The combination of IgG, IgG1, IgG4, and C3 deposits was more often existent in PF patients (p = 0.0054) and the combination of IgG4 and C3 deposits in PV patients (p = 0.0339). We also found a positive correlation between the level of anti-DSG1 antibodies and the age at diagnosis (p = 0.0298). Conclusions: Patients with pemphigus are very often diagnosed with significant comorbidities and take diverse medication, which shows that the treatment of pemphigus should follow a multidisciplinary approach. Accurate analysis of the clinical condition of the patients, as well as the results of the ELISA panel or DIF, is crucial for a successful diagnostic and therapeutic process.
Synthesis of Temporin-SHa Retro Analogs with Lysine Addition/Substitution and Antibiotic Conjugation to Enhance Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Anticancer Activities
Authors: Nazir Shahzad , Khan Arif Iftikhar , Maharjan Rukesh , Khan Sadiq Noor , Akram Muhammad Adnan , Maresca Marc , Khan Farooq-Ahmad , Shaheen Farzana
Published: December 2024

In the face of rising the threat of resistant pathogens, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer a viable alternative to the current challenge due to their broad-spectrum activity. This study focuses on enhancing the efficacy of temporin-SHa derived NST-2 peptide (1), which is known for its antimicrobial and anticancer activities. We synthesized new analogs of 1 using three strategies, i.e., retro analog preparation, lysine addition/substitution, and levofloxacin conjugation. Analogs were tested in terms of their antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities. Analog 2, corresponding to retro analog of NST-2, was found to be more active but also more hemolytic, reducing its selectivity index and therapeutic potential. The addition of lysine (in analog 3) and lysine substitution (in analog 7) reduced the hemolytic effect resulting in safer peptides. Conjugation with levofloxacin on the lysine side chain (in analogs 4 and 5) decreased the hemolytic effect but unfortunately also the antimicrobial and anticancer activities of the analogs. Oppositely, conjugation with levofloxacin at the N-terminus of the peptide via the β-alanine linker (in analogs 6 and 8) increased their antimicrobial and anticancer activity but also their hemolytic effect, resulting in less safe/selective analogs. In conclusion, lysine addition/substitution and levofloxacin conjugation, at least at the N-terminal position through the β-alanine linker, were found to enhance the therapeutic potential of retro analogs of NST-2 whereas other modifications decreased the activity or increased the toxicity of the peptides.
Introducing a Breakthrough Constant Pressure System: Transforming the Measurement of Clogging Potential in Wine Filtration
Authors: Lillo Otarola Luis , de la Fuente-Mella Hanns , Ceroni-Díaz José
Published: December 2024

The wine industry uses filtration systems to remove particles that could compromise the quality of wine before bottling. However, traditional systems present significant operational limitations, such as volume restrictions, intensive handling, and risks associated with high-pressure devices. This study addresses these challenges by proposing an innovative solution: a pneumatic pumping system that delivers a pulsed flow under constant pressure, replacing conventional pressurized tanks for clogging tests. This approach not only reduces analysis time by 66.2% but also improves operational safety and enables the development of new indicators that are not limited by tank volume. To validate this proposal, a robust methodological framework was developed, integrating techniques and methodologies typically addressed separately into a single comprehensive approach. This includes evaluating the reproducibility of measurements, performing a comparative analysis of hydraulic performance under standard conditions, quantifying the impact on processing times, and assessing user perceptions. This approach demonstrates that the proposed device contributes to faster operational decision-making without exposing workers to unnecessary risks while optimizing resource usage. It addresses a previously underexplored technical challenge and establishes a solid foundation for future research, highlighting its academic relevance and impact beyond a technical implementation.
Advanced Manufacturing and Precision Machining
Authors: Li Wei
Published: December 2024

The field of advanced manufacturing represents a core technological domain vital for the evolution of modern manufacturing industries, acting as a critical driver for industrial transformation and the enhancement of international competitiveness [...]
On the Detection and Removal of Oxides from Laser-Treated Surfaces
Authors: Matějíček Jiří , Martan Jiří , Moskal Denys , Peters Ole , Kraft Sebastian , Lukáč František , Hajíček Michal , Brožek Vlastimil , Löschner Udo , Schille Jörg
Published: December 2024

Laser texturing is a technique for surface modification widely applicable in various industrial areas, for example, as a substrate pre-treatment for thermal spray coatings. When performed in air, the elevated surface temperature may induce the oxidation of metallic surfaces, which in turn may undermine the coating adhesion. The degree of oxidation depends on the substrate material as well as the processing parameters. This brings about the need for analyzing the oxide content as well as its removal if needed. In the current study, the applicability of two widely available methods for oxide analysis—X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), is investigated and compared. Furthermore, three types of oxide removal methods—annealing in a reducing atmosphere, gentle laser ablation, and acid etching—were applied, and their efficiency was demonstrated on three classes of materials—stainless steel and W-based and Ti-based materials. Oxide removal by laser ablation was additionally analyzed and correlated with in-process fast heat accumulation temperature measurements.
The Impact of an Office Fire Combined with the Stack Effect in a Multi-Story Building
Authors: Ene Iulian-Cristian , Iordache Vlad , Anghel Ion
Published: December 2024

The current study was based on two simulations conducted in FDS that examined the influences of an office fire on the ground floor of a 10-story building (with 9 above-ground floors) and its impact on air and smoke flow. After reviewing the literature, we observe a significant gap in current research addressing the dynamic interdependence between fire development and the stack effect in multi-story residential buildings. It was found that the fire significantly intensified the stack effect, increasing the temperature in the stairwell, particularly on the ground floor. Gas velocities within the building increased but do not endanger the lives of the occupants. Visibility remained sufficient for evacuation from the apartments, except in critical areas such as the fire-affected apartment and the stairwell. Lethal concentrations of CO and CO2 were rapidly reached, severely impairing evacuation capability within the fire-affected apartment and the stairwell. Natural ventilation proved insufficient for controlling smoke and toxic gasses, highlighting the need for additional sealing measures and forced ventilation.
Parallel DNA Synthesis to Produce Multi-Usage Two-Dimensional Barcodes
Authors: Parlar Etkin , Lietard Jory
Published: December 2024

Data storage on DNA has emerged as a molecular approach to safeguarding digital information. Microarrays are an excellent source of complex DNA sequence libraries and are playing a central role in the development of this technology. However, the amount of DNA recovered from microarrays is often too small, and a PCR amplification step is usually required. Primer information can be conveyed alongside the DNA library itself in the form of readable barcodes made of DNA on the array surface. Here, we present a synthetic method to pattern QR and data matrix barcodes using DNA photolithography, phosphoramidite chemistry and fluorescent labeling. Patterning and DNA library synthesis occur simultaneously and on the same surface. We manipulate the chemical composition of the barcodes to make them indelible, erasable or hidden, and a simple chemical treatment under basic conditions can reveal or degrade the pattern. In doing so, information crucial to retrieval and amplification can be made available by the user at the appropriate stage. The code and its data contained within are intimately linked to the library as they are synthesized simultaneously and on the same surface. This process is, in principle, applicable to any in situ microarray synthesis method, for instance, inkjet or electrochemical DNA synthesis.
Annealing Process-Induced Microstructural Variation in NiV/B4C Multilayers
Authors: Chang Chenyuan , Wei Zhenbo , Zhang Zhe , Jiang Li , Jiang Hui , Ma Hongchen , Zhang Zhong , Wang Zhanshan
Published: December 2024

The annealing process is one of the most common methods used to study the thermal stability of multilayers. To study the effect of the annealing process on the microstructural variation in NiV/B4C multilayers, different annealing experiments were performed on NiV/B4C multilayers with a d-spacing of 8 nm. This work provides a foundation for the fabrication of non-periodic NiV/B4C multilayers. The NiV/B4C multilayers were investigated by grazing-incidence X-ray reflectometry (GIXR), X-ray diffuse scattering (XRS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The temperature-dependent experiments showed that annealing at 70–290 °C slightly increased the period thickness and interface width. Annealing at higher temperatures resulted in significant structural changes and thickness ratio (Г = dNiV/d) changes from 0.4 to 1/3 at 340 °C. The time-dependent results showed that the microstructural variations primarily occurred after 60 min. The XRD, XRS, GISAXS and TEM were further used to study microstructural changes. It was found that the NiV/B4C multilayers exhibited a microcrystal structure after annealing, and that enhanced crystallinity and an increase in interface roughness were the main reasons for the microstructural changes.