bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REOPERATED INSULINOMAS
Authors: Vasiliev I.A. , Egorov A.V. , Kondrashin S.A. , Fominykh E. V. , Mironova A. V.
Published: January 2021

Insulinoma is the most common pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Surgical management of insulinomas is considered to be the only curative method. However pancreatic surgery is associated with postoperative complications. The most difficult category of patients is patients previously operated on the pancreas. The aim is to show our experience of treatment patients with reoperated insulinomas. Materials and methods. 201 patients were operated because of insulinoma in the abdominal surgery department of Sechenov University from 1993 to 2019. 18 patients of them were reoperated. The authors describe their treatment experience of this category of patients. Results. The rate of reoperations in pancreatic insulinomas was 9%. Most of the tumors (12 of 18) were located in the head. Six patients were reoperated due to newly developed insulinomas. 12 patients were previously operated in other clinics but the tumors were not detected. This group of patients were the most complicated in imaging so we had to apply selective intra-arterial calcium stimulation test. All reoperated patients developed destructive pancreatitis in the postoperative period, five patients developed pancreatic fistula of classes B and C, two patients died. Conclusion. Accurate preoperative imaging carried out by an experienced team in reference center is an important factor for reducing the level of postoperative complications. Patients who had pancreatic surgery before should be treated by experienced multidisciplinary team.
INTRA-CAVITY INTRODUCTION OF METHOTREXATE IN COMPLEX THERAPY OF THYROID CYSTS
Authors: Grintsov A. G. , Matiytsiv A. B. , Akhrameyev V. B. , Khristulenko A. A. , Kunitsky Yu. L.
Published: January 2021

The development and implementation of new more effective minimally invasive technologies for the treatment of simple thyroid cysts is current. evaluating the effectiveness of a method of treating simple thyroid cysts involving echo-assisted puncture, evacuation of contents and subsequent introduction of methotrexate into a cavity. The results of examination and treatment of 67 patients suffering from thyroid cysts are presented. Asymptomatic flow was noted in the majority of 61 (91.04%) patients, 4 (4.99%) - noted swallowing, and 2 (2.97%) - difficulty swallowing. For the first time, 42 (55.26%) patients independently identified their education, and 34 (44.74%) during a preventive medical examination. When echo-examined, all patients showed cystic thyroid masses, the average size of which was 20.8±8.3 mm. Outpatient in aseptic conditions under the control of ultrasound, puncture aspiration of the contents was carried out and subsequent intra-cavity administration of methotrexate solution with a cytostatic content of 20 mg to 30 mg. The volume of methotrexate introduced corresponded to the amount of aspirated liquid - 11.9 ± 3.8 ml (range from 2.5 to 16.2 ml). With control sonography, performed a month after the intervention in 51 (76.12%) cases, cystic formation was not visualized, in 5 (7.46%) - the maximum size of the latter did not exceed 9 mm, in 11 (16.42%) cases - the cavity decreased by no more than one third. After 12 months with a control ultrasound, all cystic masses underwent regression: in 61 (91.04%) cases, no masses were echo-visualized, in 3 (4.48%) - the maximum size of the latter did not exceed 9 mm. High efficiency (no formation or reduction of the latter to 9 mm) in 95,52% of cases is echo-proved.
BONE CHANGES IN JAWS AS A RESULT OF PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: Kotova I. V. , Beloshitsky M. E. , Ignatuk V. G.
Published: January 2021

An analysis of bone changes in the jaws caused by primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) was performed based on the research and our own studies. Presented are the modern principles for the diagnosis of PHPT in patients undergoing treatment in maxillofacial clinics with recurrent epulids and jaw cysts.
Variously expressed tumor jaw lesions were observed in 23 of 751 patients. 19 of them have the lower jaw, and 4 have the upper jaw tumors. Tumorous masses in 15 patients were caused by parathyroid adenoma, in 7 – by hyperplasia, in 1 – by cancer. The only clinical manifestation of hyperparathyroidism in 5 patients was a tumor-like mass of the upper jaw, in 1 – the lower one. Changes in the bone structure of jaws were found in PHPT patients who underwent orthopantomography, x-ray or computed tomography of the skull. In 26 of them, grainy and coarse-grained bone reconstruction was determined, in 9 – diffuse rarefaction of facial bones, in 10 – focal osteoclasia, in 21 – resorption of the closing plates of the dental alveoli, in 19 – subperiosteal resorption of the cortical layer of lower jaw.
It was found that almost impossible to differentiate osteoblastoclastoma and hyperparathyroid osteodystrophy on a pathomorphological basis. In case of detected PHPT, first of all, the operation is performed on the parathyroid glands, and then the treatment strategy for jaw epulids is determined.
INFLUENCE OF BRAF MUTATION ON CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF PAPILLARY THYROID CANCER
Authors: Lukyanov S. A. , Sergiyko S. V. , Titov S. E. , Shcherbakov G. O.
Published: January 2021

Stratifications of the risk of recurrence and mortality in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) are currently based on clinical criteria. In order to provide a more accurate assessment of the risk of relapse, new criteria, such as molecular genetic markers, are constantly being sought. The most studied of these markers is the BRAF mutation. The aim of the work was to study the dependence of clinical and pathological manifestations of papillary thyroid cancer on the presence of a BRAF mutation. The retrospective study included 212 patients with PTC. The dependence of the BRAF mutation on the patient’s gender, age, multifocality, presence of regional and remote metastases, extrathyroid invasion, clinical stage, and risk of relapse was studied. A single tumor was found in 196 (92.4%) cases, and a multifocal one in 16 (7.6%). Macroscopic extrathyroid invasion was observed in 80 (37.7%) patients. Metastases in regional lymph nodes were found in 83 (39.2%) patients, in 12 (5.7%) cases, the presence of distant metastases was detected. It was found that the BRAF mutation was present in 128 (60.4%) patients. There was no statistically significant association between the presence of the mutation and clinical and pathological manifestations of PTC, except for age. The incidence of the BRAF mutation in patients with PTC in young, middle, elderly and senile age was 3.8-35 times higher than in children and young men. It was found that the frequency of detection of the BRAF mutation increases with the age of the patient and has a linear relationship. It was concluded that the BRAF mutation can’t be used as an isolated marker of aggressive flow and a criterion indicating an increased risk of relapse of PTC.
Penerapan 7P Dalam Pembangunan Usaha Walaraba Amygdala Coffee
Authors: Hidayati Arum , Henry Riyandi  , Herman Susanto
Published: January 2021

Amygdala Coffee adalah salah satu usaha di bidang kuliner yang menawarkan minuman kopi kekinian dengan biji kopi asli varian arabica dan robusta dengan pengolahan, penggilingan biji kopi hingga pemasakan secara manual untuk memberikan rasa originalnya, serta ada juga menu minuman olahan kopi dengan tambahan varian rasa dengan makanan pendamping kopi yang cocok dimakan dan diminum kapan saja. Alasan memilih usaha ini adalah menciptakan gaya hidup sehat dengan meminum kopi asli yang digiling dan bukan disobek. Usaha mikro ini berlokasi di Area Legok Tangerang berdekatan dengan kampus PPIC Tangerang dibuat dengan modal minim dan berawal dari usaha rumahan yang bisa dilakukan di waktu luang dan mendapatkan hasil bulanan yang cukup menjanjikan. Promosi yang akan dilakukan menggunakan media online dan media sosial. Dari pemasaran yang sudah dilakukan via media social banyak yang bertanya dan berminat untuk menjadi franchisee maka  usaha ini juga akan dikembangkan dengan sistem waralaba. Berdasarkan aspek kelayakan usaha menggunakan penerapan 7P (Product, Price, Promotion, Placement, People, Process, Physical Evidence)  Amygdala Coffee dinyatakan layak untuk dijalankan dan berprospek menguntungkan di masa mendatang dengan buy back period 14 bulan.
Analisis Penyusunan Anggaran Dan Realisasinya Sebagai Alat Penilaian Kinerja Perusahaan Pada PT. Len Railway Systems (LRS) Kantor Cabang Kebumen
Authors: Eko Aprilawati  , Wakhid Yuliyanto
Published: January 2021

PT. Len Raiway Systems (LRS) merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang elektronika khususnya dalam bidang perkeretaapian dibawah naungan PT. Len Industri. Penyusunan anggaran pada PT. LRS untuk mengetahui dasar belanja perusahaan sesuai dengan perencanaan kebutuhan perusahaan. Penggunaan anggaran diharapkan akan sesuai dengan yang telah dibuat, namun pada kenyataannya banyak realisasi anggaran yang melebihi target yang sudah ditetapkan. Sehingga pelaksanaan realisasi kurang efisien. Penyusunan anggaran yang seharusnya sebagai dasar dalam belanja perusahaan justru berbeda pada relisasinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis varian dimana persentase selisih anggaran yang dibuat dengan realisasi anggaran menjadi dasar dalam menganalisis penyusunan anggaran. Penilian ini menghasilkan analisis varian pada biaya material sebesar 4%, biaya instalasi sebesar 6%, biaya pekerjaan non instalasi 0%, dan biaya pekerjaan item baru sebesar 20%. Analisis varians dihitung dengan membandingkan selisih anggaran yang telah dibuat dengan realisasinya kemudian diubah menjadi persentase. Kinerja perusahaan dalam menganggarkan biaya dan merealisasikannya yang dianalisis menggunakan analisis varian dinilai tidak efektif dan tidak efisien dimana banyak dana yang kurang tepat terserap. Sehingga terdapat selisih yang cukup besar pada anggaran yang dibuat dan pada realisasi anggaran.
Using Specialized Knowledge in Assessing the Reliability of Testimony in Criminal Proceedings: a Retrospective, Doctrinal and Practical Approach
Authors:   West Siberian Branch, Russian State University of Justice, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Noskova E. V. , Putintseva J. A. ,   Kuzbass Regional Center for Psychological, Pedagogical, Medical and Social Assistance “Health and Personal Development”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The history of the formation and development of forensic examination as an independent type of criminal procedural activity is long and very ambiguous. The patterns of its occurrence and stages of development predetermine the importance of expertology for modern law enforcement practice. The emergence and active use of new branches of scientific knowledge determine their introduction and influence on criminal proceedings, which is clearly demonstrated by the example of psychology. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The theoretical basis of the work is the scientific developments of domestic and foreign researchers devoted to the study of the possibilities and problems of using special psychological knowledge in assessing the reliability of testimony obtained in the course of pre-trial and judicial proceedings in a criminal case. Research methods – systemic, historical, logical, comparative and hermeneutic. Results. Without psychological and pedagogical special knowledge, it is impossible to imagine modern proceedings in the vast majority of criminal cases involving minors. The article provides a retrospective analysis of the application of non-legal knowledge to reveal lies in the testimony of witnesses, systematizes the experience of modern Russian law enforcement investigative and judicial practice, examines the arguments given in scientific sources and court decisions on the use of special psychological knowledge to substantiate and assess the reliability of the testimony of participants in criminal proceedings.The work examines the current capabilities of psychology and their potential for proving in the course of criminal proceedings, cites the positions of scientists who previously studied the studied complex of material and procedural problems. Discussion and Conclusion. On the basis of the available empirical experience, the author’s conclusion is formulated about the advisability of practical use in the process of proving psychological research of a teacher-psychologist aimed at identifying psychological signs of the reliability and/or unreliability of information reported by participants in criminal proceedings, especially in the process of forming a sequence and in the course of proving, formulating investigative versions, as well as in order to substantiate the conclusions of the investigator and the court with the testimony of an expert, a specialist who conducted the corresponding study. In connection with the identified problems, the necessity of preparing explanations at the departmental level of the significance and procedure for using special psychological knowledge in criminal proceedings is substantiated.
About the Beginnings of the Petersburg School of the Philosophy of Law, or About Crossing Borders. Study of the History of Lev Petrazhitsky
Authors:   University of Zielona Gоra, Zielona Gоra, Poland, Kiejzik L.-B.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. A successful legal system is essential for the successful functioning of states. It needs an accurate and unambiguous definition of concepts. Firstly, it is therefore necessary to resolve the problem of the essence of law, that is, to present its strict definition. Previous scholars have spent much time and labour on this, but unfortunately, these attempts were not entirely successful. Materials and Methods.The article returns to the research on the essence of the law of the famous Russian and Polish philosopher of law Leo Petrazhitsky. The method of research is a multidisciplinary method of intellectual history. It is supplemented by an interpretation of documents from the archives of St. Petersburg. Results. The legacy of Leo Petrazhitsky, including his important article “What is law?” establishes his psychological concept of law. This article, written based on a speech by Petrazhitsky, contains the fundamental essence of Petrazhitsky’s position in the role he is given as the founder of the St. Petersburg school of legal philosophy. Discussion and Conclusion. The article continues the general provisions of my introductory article to the Polish edition of Leo Petrazhitsky’s speech “What is law?” The thesis is presented that Petrazhitsky’s life consisted of constant border crossing in both a legal and physical sense. The first and second periods of the work of this great theoretician of law may be determined as the time before he left Soviet Russia in 1918 and when he left for Poland through Finland. Unpub lished, manuscript materials from the archives of St. Petersburg were used. The article is accompanied by a cited article by Leo Petrazhitsky.
The Problem of Definition of Legal Concepts with “Open Texture”
Authors:   West Siberian Branch, Russian State University of Justice, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Ogleznev V. V.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The article discusses the problems associated with the definition of legal concepts which have the feature of “open texture”. The introduction presents the nature and meaning of “open texture”, which is understood as a special kind of indeterminacy. Such concepts are considered in the form in which they were postulated in the works of the Austrian linguistic philosopher Friedrich Waismann and the British legal philosopher Herbert Hart. Theoretical Basis. Methods. It is contested that, in Hart’s interpretation, “open texture” appears in legal concepts in borderline cases, when the meaning of the term of “concept” becomes indeterminate, unclear, uncertain, and we do not know whether or not it should be applied. Such cases should be distinguished from clear-cut cases where such doubt does not arise. The methodological basis of the study is Hart’s thesis stating that legal concepts have “core” and “penumbra” of meaning. The “core” meaning indicates a set of certain conditions, in which the use of the term “concept” is clear, while a “penumbra” meaning refers to conditions in which the its use becomes less clear. “Open texture” in this case, is an irreducible feature of legal concepts. Results. The main result of the study is the assertion that “open texture” as an irreducible feature of legal concepts, can be disproved by changing its definition. It is shown that the most appropriate kind of definition of open-textured legal concepts is the definition or contextual definition, widely used in analytical philosophy.
Identification of Hysterical Accentuation in the Accused by Analyzing his Speech, Behaviour and Biography
Authors:   West Siberian Branch, Russian State University of Justice, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Yuan V. L. , Alekseeva T. A. , Akhmedshin R. L.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. There are many factors that significantly affect the success of an investigation. Among such factors, the knowledge of the investigating authorities about the identity of the accused is of particular importance. Studying the identity of the accused is a complex process. Today, amongst the most promising areas, there are studies that are dedicated to the study of the identity of the accused. Such studies are aimed at adapting psychological typologies to the practice of forensic personality studies. Theoretical Basis. Methods. Among the currently existing psychological typologies, the most simple, and at the same time quite widespread, is the typology of accentuated types. Due to the existing limits on the size of a single study, it is reasonable to concentrate on the development of a methodology for the accused within the framework of one particular psychological type, common among criminals. The presence of hysteroid personality traits was determined using two components: Characterological questionnaire of Leonhard – Schmishek, Tomsk typological personality questionnaire. Results. For a hysterical person communication is a means of calling attention to themselves, but not establishing contact with people. Such a person has a loud voice, a fast pace of speech and instability of these elements. The instability in speech is expressed by singling out individual words to which the hysterical person draws attention, returning after that to the former narrative style. The hysterical person often manages pause. These pauses are of such duration and frequency, so as to allow the individual time to convey his thoughts to the listeners. Pauses in speech perform not so much a syntactic as a semantic function, varying in frequency and duration depending on the situation and on the role that he choses for himself. The hysterical person has uneven intonation, a medium range of voice. The hysterical person is prone to carrying out group crimes to enhance his group status. The hysterical person is rarely inclined to perform violent crimes alone, only if he is in a state of hysterical arousal. In a criminal hierarchy, he or she very rarely gains respect. He or she is highly likely to be recruited. The likelihood of re-educating such a person in is extremely low. The likelihood of reoffending by such a person is extremely high. Discussion and Conclusion. The study showed sufficient uniqueness of the speech, behavioural and autobiographical characteristics of persons of the hysteroid type.
“Judicial Law-making”: Pro et Contra
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russian Federation, Ershov V. V.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. As a result of the application in scientific research of descriptive and objectiveteleological methods of studying legal phenomena, a number of foreign and Russian scientists often describe only truly objectively existing legal phenomena, including “judicial law-making”. Theoretical Basis. Methods. From the position of scientifically grounded concept of integrative legal understanding, according to which the system of law first of all synthesizes only the principles and norms of law contained in a single, multi-level and developing system of forms of national and international law, implemented in the state, the article concludes that it is possible to highlight two types of “judicial law-making” in the special literature: “moderate” and “radical” types of “judicial law-making”. Results. “Moderate judicial law-making” is allowed only outside the law, its results are not binding on other courts, as the “norm” created by the court is only applicable ex post, only to a particular dispute and is not binding on other courts. In the opinion of the author of the article, this result of “moderate judicial law-making” is theoretically more reasonable to be considered as a kind of wrong – as “court positions” obligatory only for participants of individual judicial process, developed in the process of consideration and resolution of individual dispute as a result of interpretation of principles and norms of law. Discussion and Conclusion. Researchers – supporters of the “radical” type of “judicial lawmaking” allow the development of “judicial precedents of law” “through the law, beyond and against the law” (contra legem).It seems to the author that this type of “judicial lawmaking” is based on the scientific discussion concept of integrative legal understanding, according to which the heterogeneous social phenomena – right and wrong – are synthesized in the unified system of law (for example, law and individual judicial acts, including those containing specific positions of the court).New concepts and their definitions have been introduced into scientific circulation. The author concludes that the “radical” kind of “judicial law-making” is theoretically debatable, and practically counterproductive.
International Legal Basis of Criminal Law Protection of Information Security
Authors:   Kazan Branch, Russian State University of Justice, Kazan, Russian Federation, Efremova M. А.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. One of the components of the national security of the Russian Federation is information security. In the context of the information society in the Russian Federation, the role of the information component of national security has increased significantly. There are new challenges and threats to the information security of the Russian Federation, which require the reaction of the legislator. However, the conditions of globalization require States to take joint measures to address such a complex problem as information security. Consequently, international information security cannot be achieved by a single state. It is necessary to consolidate efforts and develop a uniform approach to this issue. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The Information society is characterized by a high level of development of information and communication technologies and their use in almost all spheres of life. The emergence of the global information society, the increased role of information and information and communication technologies have stimulated the adoption of a number of international legal instruments in this area. In addition, a number of other guidance documents have been developed and adopted that define the ways and directions of law-making and cooperation at the level of regional organizations. Their distinctive feature was the realization of the lack of unified and clear conceptual and categorical apparatus. This also applies to the concept of “information security”, a unified approach to the understanding of which is not available at the international level. General scientific methods (materialistic dialectics) and private scientific methods: formallogical, comparative-legal, historical-legal. Results. Currently, at the international level, there is not only no legal act regulating issues in the field of criminal law protection of information security, but also there is no common understanding of information security, its main threats of possible joint measures to prevent and eliminate them. Discussion and Conclusion. As the interstate information confrontation will continue and gain new momentum, there is an urgent need for the adoption of an international legal act aimed at the criminal law protection of information security, containing the classification of crimes against information security and recommendations to States on the criminalization of acts against information security in national legislation.
Intellectual Property and Information in the Context of Technological Development
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russian Federation, Buzova N. V. , Karelina M. M. ,   Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Information and intellectual property are becoming increasingly important not only in Russia but all round the world. They form the basis of information resources in information and telecommunication networks, which are actively used in modern society. The concept of information has several meanings. The confusion of its technical and legal meanings can lead to legal ambiguity, which will complicate the protection of rights in connection with the introduction of objects into civil circulation, and their use in the digital environment, including in court. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The article provides a comparative analysis of the legislation of the Russian Federation on information and intellectual property in its historical context in order to identify common problems and identify trends in further development. Results. Information from a technical point of view is the data which forms any digital object (its form), including an information resource or information system. Such an object is able to exist only in a digital environment, and its use is possible only with the help of technical means. Information also has a legal meaning. In this sense, it constitutes the content of the result of intellectual activity, for example, a piece of work. Discussion and Conclusion. Currently, there are new technologies, objects, for example, digital rights, utilitarian digital rights, and legal relationships concerning their use, requiring changes in legal regulation. It is important to avoid confusion between different concepts of information in order to facilitate the subsequent proper and effective enforcement of the introduced legal norms in the development of new legislation.
The Subjects of Constitutionalization of Criminal Law
Authors:   Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region, Moscow, Russia, Guzeeva O. S.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The constitutionalization of criminal law, assuming the proper implementation in the theory and practice of criminal law regulation of constitutional principles and values, is a conscious, controlled process that has a strictly defined group of entities with their respective roles. Internally, the complex issue of the subjects of constitutionalization of criminal law has not yet been scientifically considered, which makes addressing the problem significant and timely. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The study is based on two major theoretical concepts developed by domestic experts: the theory of constitutionalization of the branches of law and the theory of systemic relations of criminal law. The methods of systems analysis, the method of constitutional examination, the analytical method, modelling and forecasting – all were used in this work. Results. The constitutionalization of criminal law presupposes the coordinated work of all state bodies to translate constitutional norms and principles into criminal law and practice. Moreover, each of the subjects of constitutionalization fulfills its functional role in this process. The institutional constitutionalization mechanism of criminal law, which is considered from an institutional point of view, includes: conducting a legal (including conformity with the Constitution of the Russian Federation) examination of draft criminal laws in the State Duma; conducting a legal examination of adopted criminal laws in the Federation Council, and interpreting criminal laws on the subject their compliance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation by courts of general jurisdiction; a ban on the application of criminal laws that are doubtful from the point of view of the court; an appeal to the Constitutional Court with a request for constitutional assessment; verification of the constitutionality of the criminal law in the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, and the execution of its decisions by the legislator and enforcer. Discussion and Conclusion. Understanding the subjects of constitutionalization of criminal law and their powers enables us to identify weaknesses in the organization of this process, and to outline ways of optimising it. Among them, of particular importance are the conduct of a constitutional examination of draft laws on criminal liability, systematization of the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on criminal law issues, and the formation of a constitutional and legal awareness of the law enforcement.
Special Act on the Interpretation of Law – Dictates of the Time!
Authors:   Supreme Court of the Republic of Ingushetia, Magas, Russian Federation, Fargiev I. A.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. As a result of the Russian legal reform, a new legal system was formed; an important feature of which is the power of a lawyer to interpret various forms of national and international law implemented by the state. The scientific understanding of the interpretation of the law has significant gaps which make it difficult to apply in practice. Theoretical basis. Methods. The theoretical basis of the study was the work of Russian and foreign scientists on the interpretation of law. Research methods were as follows: systematic, historical, formally logical, comparative approaches, interpretation of legal and philosophical ideas. Results. The article presents the author’s opinions on problematic issues of the theory and practice of interpretation of law, which are the subject of constant attention of legal scholars, law-makers and law enforcement agencies. The author justifies the need to adopt a special law on normative legal acts, which should give a legal definition of “interpretation of law”, establish a procedure for the interpretation of law, fix the range of subjects of interpretation and other important scientific and applied issues. Discussion and Conclusion. The term “interpretation”, in modern legislation, is used to address the issue of official clarification and explanation of the content of norms and principles of international law employed in developing a multi-level system of forms of national and/or international law, which is then implemented by the state. Other interpretations of the law, referred to as doctrinal, ordinary, professional, etc, can be called a conditional interpretation of the law. Using scientific conclusions about the dialectical relationship of law with philosophy and sociology, history and politics, economics and ideology, etc, the author came to conclusion that there is a need to adopt a special law on the interpretation of law.
STABILITY FOR CERTAIN CLASS OF MULTIVALENT FUNCTIONS
Authors: Ebadian A. , Najafzadeh Sh. , Azizi S.
Published: January 2021

In this paper we investigate the problem of stability for a certain class of $p$-valent functions in $T_{\delta}$-neighborhoods and we find the lower and upper bounds of radius of stability.
SOME NEW RESULTS ASSOCIATED WITH CARATHÉODORY FUNCTIONS OF ORDER α
Authors: Srivastava H. M. , Owa Shigeyoshi
Published: January 2021

Let $\mathcal{P}(\alpha)$ be the class of functions $p(z)$ which are Carathéodory functions of order $\alpha$ $(0 \le\alpha<1)$ in the open unit disk $\mathbf{U}$. Considering the extremal function $p(z)$ for the class $\mathcal{P}(\alpha)$, a new class ${\mathcal P}^*(\beta)$ $\beta\in \mathbb{R}$ of functions $q(z)$ in $\mathbf{U}$ is defined. The object of the present paper is to develop several interesting coefficient inequalities for the functions $q(z)$ in the new class $\mathcal{P}^*(\beta)$ introduced here.
Una propuesta de enseñanza con el uso de la modalidad Blended-Learning. Modelo de enseñanza de aprendizaje inverso
Authors: Mancini Silvia Elena
Published: January 2021

En este trabajo se relata una investigación llevada a cabo en un curso de Física III universitaria de Argentina. La misma se desarrolla en el marco de investigación – acción desde el punto de vista de Elliott y utiliza el enfoque de Prieto Martín para introducir el modelo de Aprendizaje Inverso. El análisis de este estudio de casos sugiere una mejora de los resultados académicos y también en el lenguaje de la ciencia por la aplicación de los nuevos modelos pedagógicos. Además se observó una mejora en el control sobre sus propios procesos de aprendizajes, así como un aprendizaje más significativo.
The Effects of Shock Vancomycin Concentrations on the Formation of Heteroresistance in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Gostev V. V. , Sopova Yu. V. , Kalinogorskaya O. S. , Velizhanina M. E. , Lazareva I. V. , Starkova P. S. , Sidorenko S. V.
Published: January 2021

Glycopeptides are the basis of the treatment of infections caused by MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Previously, it was demonstrated that antibiotic tolerant phenotypes are formed during selection of resistance under the influence of high concentrations of antibiotics. The present study uses a similar in vitro selection model with vancomycin. Clinical isolates of MRSA belonging to genetic lines ST8 and ST239, as well as the MSSA (ATCC29213) strain, were included in the experiment. Test isolates were incubated for five hours in a medium with a high concentration of vancomycin (50 μg/ml). Test cultures were grown on the medium without antibiotic for 18 hours after each exposure. A total of ten exposure cycles were performed. Vancomycin was characterized by bacteriostatic action; the proportion of surviving cells after exposure was 70–100%. After selection, there was a slight increase in the MIC to vancomycin (MIC 2 μg/ml), teicoplanin (MIC 1.5–3 μg/ml) and daptomycin (MIC 0.25–2 μg/ml). According to the results of PAP analysis, all strains showed an increase in the area under curve depending on the concentration of vancomycin after selection, while a heteroresistant phenotype (with PAP/AUC 0.9) was detected in three isolates. All isolates showed walK mutations (T188S, D235N, E261V, V380I, and G223D). Exposure to short-term shock concentrations of vancomycin promotes the formation of heteroresistance in both MRSA and MSSA. Formation of VISA phenotypes is possible during therapy with vancomycin.
Property Management: Concept and Content
Authors: SHCHERBYNA Valentyn , BODNAR Tetiana
Published: January 2021

The article explores the category of «property management», its concepts and content, as well as its relation with the categories, «management of objects of state (municipal) property», «right of operational management», «sphere of management», «transfer of property» to the sphere of management.
According to the results of the research, the definition of the concept of communal property as the right of a territorial community to formulate, use and dispose of property belonging to it, both directly and through local authorities, at its discretion and in its own interests on the basis of expediency, economy and efficiency is formulated.
It is proposed to administer communal property to understand the exercise of powers of local self-government and their authorized bodies to exercise the rights of the territorial community of a village, settlement, city as the owner of such objects related to the possession, use and disposal of them, within the limits defined by the legislation of Ukraine, to meet the needs of the local community, state and public.
The characteristic features of property management based on the contract of property management (Article 1029 of the Civil Code of Ukraine) and the management of state and communal property, which is carried out, in particular, in accordance with the Laws of Ukraine «On State Property Management» and «On Local Self-Government in Ukraine», indicating a significant difference between these types of government.
It is proposed to amend: a) the Constitution of Ukraine, which establish that: 1) the subject of state ownership is the state represented by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine; 2) the property belonging to the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (the Crimean Tatar Autonomous Republic, if any) is state property; b) to the Law of Ukraine «On Local Self-Government in Ukraine» by defining the concept of management of communal property objects and clarifying the definition of the term «communal property right».
Keywords: communal property right, management of communal property, sphere of management, transfer of property to the sphere of management.
Corporate Rights as an Object of Civil Turnover
Authors: SISHCHUK Liliana
Published: January 2021

Sustained scientific views on the legal nature of corporate rights and their turnover have been formed in the research of famous Ukrainian scientists, in connection with which several approaches to understanding corporate rights as an object of civil turnover have been identified. It is determined that the share in the authorized capital can be considered either through the legal category of «disembodied property» or «property rights», depending on the application of a scientific approach to these concepts. It is argued that the legislation on the alienation of shares in the limited liability company, although indirectly, but determines the link between the transfer of shares in the share capital and the rights arising from it, until the conclusion of the contract on alienation of property. After all, making changes to the charter on the composition of participants and the size of their shares on the basis of the decision of the general meeting of the company is not an obligation but a right of members of the company. It is substantiated that the share in the authorized capital should be determined not through the legal category of «property law», but through the concept of «corporate rights», which are filled with property content and pass as a single negotiable object from a participant to others. In this regard, the definition of «corporate rights» should be enshrined at the level of the Civil Code of Ukraine. The concept of «corporate rights» must include the following characteristics: organizational and property nature; the possibility of transfer of corporate rights from a company participant to other persons; value character; the legal form of fixing corporate rights to determine the share in the authorized (composed) capital. This will avoid gaps that need to be filled, based on the needs of a market economy, attracting foreign investment, improving the company's financial performance and more. In addition, it necessitates the introduction of the concept of corporate rights as an independent object of civil rights that can circulate freely in the market and be competitive and attractive to acquire, given the business reputation and existence of the company.
Keywords: corporate rights, share in the authorized capital, right of participation, property rights, object of civil rights, object of civil turnover.
Benzothiazolium salts as reagents for the deoxygenative perfluoroalkylthiolation of alcohols
Authors: Ariamajd Armin , Gerwien Nils J , Schwabe Benjamin , Dix Stefan , Hopkinson Matthew N
Published: January 2021

A series of 2-(perfluoroalkylthio)benzothiazolium (BT-SRF) salts have been synthesized that serve as convenient sources of hitherto underexplored perfluoroalkylthiolate anions. An investigation of their reactivity in a deoxygenative nucleophilic substitution reaction led to the development of an unprecedented process that provides pentafluoroethyl and heptafluoropropyl thioethers directly from readily available alcohols.
JENIS DAN POPULASI BAKTERI ICE NUCLEATION ACTIVE PENYEBAB LUKA BEKU PADA DAUN JERUK KEPROK SOE DI DATARAN TINGGI MUTIS
Authors: Missa Hildegardis , Baunsele Anselmus Boy
Published: January 2021

Research on ice nucleation-active bacteria causes frost injury from tropic areas has not been widely publicized. The purpose of this study was to determine the population of Ice Nucleation-Active Bacteria on Soe tangerines leaves and the class of Ice Nucleation-Active bacteria based on Ice formation temperatures. The collecting of Soe tangerine leaves used the purpose sampling method. Leaves with frost blotches were collected from three stages at altitudes of 1500, 1800, and 2000 meters above sea level (m asl). Bacterial isolation was carried out by the spread plate method on Nutrien Agar 2,5 % glycerol (NAG)  media. Ice Nucleation activity was determined by the tube nucleation test method. Estimation of INA bacterial population was conducted by the multiple-tube nucleation test with Thomas series .3.3.3. The result showed that the highest INA bacterial population was 6.9x104 which was found in leaves samples collected from stations 1800 and 2000 m asl, and the lowest population i.e. 5,4x103 on leaf samples from station 1500 m asl. Based on the temperature of ice formation, it was known that INA bacteria that attack the Soe tangerines leaves Mutis plateau are the INA bacteria class B and C.
Language modeling and bidirectional coders representations: an overview of key technologies
Authors: Kachkou D. I.
Published: January 2021

The article is an essay on the development of technologies for natural language processing, which formed the basis of BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers), a language model from Google, showing high results on the whole class of problems associated with the understanding of natural language. Two key ideas implemented in BERT are knowledge transfer and attention mechanism. The model is designed to solve two problems on a large unlabeled data set and can reuse the identified language patterns for effective learning for a specific text processing problem. Architecture Transformer is based on the attention mechanism, i.e. it involves evaluation of relationships between input data tokens. In addition, the article notes strengths and weaknesses of BERT and the directions for further model improvement.
Інформаційно-технічний метод попередження надзвичайних ситуацій шляхом комплексного використання систем акустичного контролю в контексті процесу функціонування системи «надзвичайна ситуація – аварійно-рятувальні роботи – рятувальник»
Authors: Камышенцев Г. , Соловьев И. , Белюченко Д. , Стрелец В.
Published: January 2021

Проведення аварійно-рятувальних робіт під час ліквідації надзвичайних ситуацій в Україні на цей час ускладнюється проблемою невідповідності існуючого аварійно-рятувального озброєння в оперативно-рятувальних підрозділах сучасним завданням. І це вимагає системних досліджень, результати яких у вигляді багатофакторних закономірностей оперативної діяльності першого рятувального підрозділу дозволять обґрунтувати пропозиції щодо підвищення ефективності проведення аварійно-рятувальних робіт. Відмічено, що важливою та нерозв’язаною частиною проблеми є відсутність математичної моделі ліквідації надзвичайної ситуації у загальному вигляді.Показано, що уявлення процесу проведення аварійно-рятувальних робіт під час ліквідації надзвичайної ситуації у вигляді функціонування системи «надзвичайна ситуація – аварійно-рятувальні роботи – рятувальник» дозволяє отримати математичну модель ліквідації надзвичайної ситуації першим рятувальним підрозділом у вигляді відповідної упорядкованої множини. В цій системі в якості вихідних даних присутні показники, що характеризують безпосередньо особовий склад оперативного розрахунку, оперативно-рятувальну техніку, умови проведення аварійно-рятувальних робіт та надзвичайну ситуацію.Отримано математичну модель ліквідації надзвичайної ситуації першим рятувальнимпідрозділом, що врахує нелінійний вплив обраних факторів на ефективність проведення аварійнорятувальних робіт, а також їх зв'язок між собою. Математична модель представляє собою систему чотирьох аналітичних залежностей. Перша уявляє собою функціонал, який описує процес проведення аварійно-рятувальних робіт. Друга дозволяє уявити цей функціонал як сукупність однофакторних моделей. Третя забезпечує визначення вагових коефіцієнтів при вирішенні багатофакторного завдання. Четверта дозволяє оцінити і вибрати оперативно-технічні рекомендації щодо підвищення ефективності процесу ліквідації відповідної надзвичайної ситуації за результатами ранжування факторів за ступенем впливу на ефективність проведення аварійно-рятувальних робіт.
Розвиток наукових ідей Академіка П.М. Василенка діяльності кафедри що носить його ім'я
Authors: Войтюк Д. , Анискевич Л. , Гуменюк Ю. , Сивак И.
Published: January 2021

Стаття присвячується 120-й річниці від дня народження Петра Мефодійовича Василенка - видатного вченого в галузі агроінженерної науки, корифея землеробської механіки, академіка ВАСГНІЛ, академіка НААНУ, академіка РАСГН, члена-кореспондента НАНУ, доктора технічних наук, професора, лауреата найвищої нагороди у галузі механізації та електрифікації сільського господарства - Золотої медалі імені академіка В.П. Горячкіна. Дане дослідження висвітлює внесок академіка П.М. Василенка у формування та розвиток наукової дисципліни «Землеробська механіка», як технічної науки, що розвивається у тісному зв'язку із потребами сільськогосподарського виробництва і вивчає механіку сільськогосподарських середовищ і матеріалів, технологічних процесів і операцій, машин і механізмів, машинних агрегатів, поточних ліній і систем машин, динаміку системи людинамашина у сільському господарстві, а також технологічні процеси, засновані на використанні немеханічних (теплових, електричних і інших) видів енергії, і розробляє методи інженерного розрахунку і проектування для механізації і автоматизації сільського господарства”. Близько 70 років плідної науково-педагогічної діяльності академіка П.М. Василенка пов'язано з кафедрою сільськогосподарських машин. Розглянуто основні напрямки діяльності наукової школи академіка П.М. Василенка та сучасні напрямки розвитку нових технологічних систем і техніки, над реалізацією яких успішно працюють науковці кафедри, що носить ім'я академіка П.М. Василенка В статті також наведені основні результати науково-технічної та інноваційної діяльності, кафедри сільськогосподарських машин та системотехніки ім. акад. П.М. Василенка за останні роки її функціонування.