bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Markaların Türkiye Sevdası: Glokalizasyondan “Yerellik Yıkaması”na Uzanan Stratejik Yollar
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Eda , ŞENER Gül , BİLSEL Hande
Published: February 2022

Günümüzde devletler kadar markalar da milliyetçi anlatıların inşasında ve sürdürülmesinde kilit rol üstlenmektedir. Markalı ürün ve hizmetlere milliyetçi özellikler kazandırılması, “ticari milliyetçilik” olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Yerli markaların tüketicilere sundukları ürün/hizmetleri belirli ulusal imge, değer ve özelliklerle özdeşleştirmesi, marka kimlikleriyle uyumlu bir durum olarak değerlendirilebilir. Ancak, yakın zamanda global markaların da Türkiye’ye dair ulusal kimlik imgelerini, “yerli markalarmışçasına” kullanmaya başladıkları görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel tezi çerçevesinde “yerellik yıkaması” olarak adlandırılan bu olgu, global markaların pazarlama iletişimlerinde yeni bir aşamaya işaret etmektedir. Söz konusu reklamlarla tüketicide yaratılmak istenen algı, global markanın “yabancı/dışarıdan/onlardan” değil; “yerel/içeriden/bizden” olduğudur. “Global düşün, yerel hareket et” yaklaşımı üzerinde temellenen glokalizasyon stratejilerinden farklı olarak; “yerellik yıkaması” kavramı ile global markanın değerlerinin, ulusal değerlerin içerisinde neredeyse görünmez hale geldiği bir anlam alaşımı kastedilmektedir. Halihazırdaki çalışmanın amacı, global markaların “yerellik yıkaması” içeren reklamlarını ticari milliyetçilik ekseninde incelemek ve bu reklamlardaki öncelikli temaları söylem çözümlemesi üzerinden ortaya çıkarmaktır. Türkiye’de 2000’lerle başlayan erken dönem “yerellik yıkaması” reklam uygulamalarında, global markaların Türk kolektif kimliğine dair belirli sembolleri kullandıkları görülmektedir. 2010 sonrasında ise Anadolu’nun ve Anadolu’nun kültürel çeşitliliğinin, biricikliğinin, bilgeliğinin bir parçası oldukları mesajları göze çarpmaktadır. Bu çerçevede, global marka reklamlarında “vatan ve yurtseverlik” kavramlarının araçsallaştırıldığı, ulusu yaratan ana unsur olarak vatan kavramının kutsallaştırıldığı ve romantize edildiği gözlemlenmektedir. Vatan, milli ruhu yansıtan metafizik bir değer olarak tanımlanmakta ve Anadolu imgeleri üzerinden bir “manevi vatan” kavramı inşa edilmektedir. “Türkiye sevgisi”, global markalar için “yerellik yıkaması”na giden yolu açan kavramların başında gelmektedir. Milliyetçilik, global markalara “yurtseverlik” iddialarının ve Türkiye “sevdası” üzerinden meşrulaştırdıkları “Türklüklerinin” sembolik araçlarını sağlamaktadır.
Conservation Agriculture in West and Central Canada: an integrated review of adoption
Authors:   Consultant, Canada, Goddard Tom , Hayes Adam ,   Soil Management Consultant, Canada
Published: February 2022

This chapter reviews the roles of farmers, organizations, researchers and policy all played in the adoption of Conservation Agriculture (CA) in Canada. The chapter acknowledges the value of conversations the authors have had over the decades with farmers, academics, extension specialists and others involved in the growth of CA across Canada. Although the scientific literature does not cover all aspects or answer all questions, the authors have augmented that with personal experiences working as soil management specialists for provincial governments during the rapid growth of CA in Canada. The chapter also provides a brief look and the current and future state.
Adoption and spread of Conservation Agriculture in North Africa
Authors:   National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Morocco, Mrabet Rachid , Bahri Haithem ,   National Research Institute for Rural Engineering, Water, and Forestry (INRGREF), Tunisia, Zaghouane Omar ,   Consultant, Algeria, Cheikh M’Hamed Hatem ,   National Institute of Agricultural Research of Tunisia (INRAT), Tunisia, Ragab Mohamed El-Areed Sherif ,   Beni-Suef University, Egypt, Mohamed Abou El-Enin Moamen ,   Al Azhar University, Egypt
Published: February 2022

This chapter examines the adoption and spread of Conservation Agriculture in North Africa. The chapter begins by providing an overview of the geography, soil, climate and farming environment in North Africa before moving on to discuss the importance of agriculture and food security in the North African economy. The chapter then moves on to examine the history and development of Conservation Agriculture, providing a specific analysis of the developments in Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan and Tunisia. A section on the major research achievements and advances in knowledge of realigning development, economy and environment with Conservation Agriculture is also included. The chapter also addresses adoption barriers, constraints and gaps as well as highlighting the potential drivers and opportunities of the adoption of Conservation Agriculture. Networks, partner institutes and distributional effects are also discussed.
Safety and efficacy of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody (SCT200) as second-line therapy in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Bai Ming
Published: February 2022

Objective: The mainstay treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) involves chemotherapy and immunotherapy.However, alternative therapies are required for patients who are refractory or intolerant to existing therapies. Methods: In this single-arm, multicenter, open-label phase Ib study, 30 patients received an intravenous infusion of SCT200, an antiepidermalgrowth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody, 6.0 mg/kg once a week for 6 weeks, followed by 8.0 mg/kg once every2 weeks until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR). The secondaryendpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Results: Thirty patients were enrolled between July 2018 and May 2019. The ORR was 16.7% (95% CI: 5.6%–34.7%). The medianPFS and OS were 3.1 months (95% CI: 1.5–4.3) and 6.8 months (95% CI: 4.7–10.1), respectively. A numerical difference without anystatistical significance in ORR was observed in patients with different EGFR expressions (= 50%: 25.0% vs. < 50%: 0%, P = 0.140)or TP53 mutation abundance (< 10%: 23.8% vs. = 10%: 0%, P = 0.286). Improved median PFS (3.4 vs. 1.4 months, P = 0.006) andOS (8.0 vs. 4.2 months, P = 0.027) were associated with TP53 mutation abundance of < 10%. The most common treatment-relatedadverse events of grade 3 or 4 (occurring in = 2 patients) were hypomagnesemia [7 (23.3%)] and rash [2 (6.7%)]. No treatmentrelateddeath occurred. Conclusions: SCT200 monotherapy as the second- or further-line treatment for advanced ESCC showed favorable efficacy, with anacceptable safety profile. TP53 mutation abundance might serve as a potential predictive biomarker.
eHealth-Engagement on Facebook during COVID-19: Simplistic Computational Data Analysis
Authors: Hermann Caroll , Govender Melanie
Published: February 2022

Abstract: Understanding social media networks and group interactions are crucial to the ad-vancement of linguistic and cultural behaviour. This includes the manner in which people ac-cessed advice on health, especially during the global lockdown periods. Some people turned to social media to access information on health where most activities were curtailed with isolation rules, especially for older generations. Facebook public pages, groups and verified profiles, using "senior citizen health", "older generations", and "healthy living" keywords were analysed over a 12-month period to analyse the engagement promoting good mental health. CrowdTangle was used to source English language status updates, photo and video sharing information which resulted in an initial 116,321 posts and 6,462,065 interactions Data analysis and visualisation were used to explore large datasets, including natural language processing for “Message” content discovery, word frequency and correlational analysis and co-word clustering. Preliminary results indicate strong links to healthy aging information shared on social media which showed correla-tions to global daily confirmed case and daily death totals. The results can be used to identify public concerns early on and address mental health issues in the senior generation on Facebook.
Detecting Usability and User Experience Issues in Stroke Caregiving Apps: An Analysis of User Reviews
Authors: Lobo Elton Henry , Abdelrazek Mohamed , Frølich Anne , Rasmussen Lene Juel , Livingston Patricia M. , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Kensing Finn , Grundy John
Published: February 2022

(1) Background: Existing research has demonstrated the potential of mHealth apps in improving the caregiving outcomes of stroke. Since several apps were published in commercially available app stores without explaining their design and evaluation processes, it is necessary to identify the usability and user experience issues to promote long-term adherence and usage; (2) Methods: User reviews were extracted from the 47 previously identified apps that support stroke caregiving needs using a python-scraper. The reviews were pre-processed and filtered using python scripts. The final corpus was classified based on usability and user experience dimensions to highlight issues within the app; (3) Results: A total of 162,095 were extracted from the two app stores. After filtration, 15,818 reviews were included and classified based on the usability and user experience dimensions. Findings highlight critical issues related to the errors/effectiveness, efficiency and support that contribute to decreased satisfaction, emotion and frustration in using the app; (4) Conclusion: The study identified several usability and user experience issues due to the inability of the app developers to understand the needs of the user. Further, the study describes the inclusion of a participatory design approach to promote an improved understanding of user needs; therefore, limiting any issues and ensuring continued use.
Functionality-preserving Adversarial Machine Learning For Robust Classification In Cybersecurity And Intrusion Detection Domains: A Survey
Authors: McCarthy Andrew , Ghadafi Essam , Andriotis Panagiotis , Legg Phil
Published: February 2022

Machine learning has become widely adopted as a strategy for dealing with a variety of cybersecurity issues, ranging from insider threat detection to intrusion and malware detection. However, by their very nature, machine learning systems can introduce vulnerabilities to a security defence whereby a learnt model is unaware of so-called adversarial examples that may intentionally result in mis-classification and therefore bypass a system. Adversarial machine learning has been a research topic for over a decade and is now an accepted but open problem. Much of the early research on adversarial examples has addressed issues related to computer vision, yet as machine learning continues to be adopted in other domains, then likewise it is important to assess the potential vulnerabilities that may occur. A key part of transferring to new domains relates to functionality-preservation, such that any crafted attack can still execute the original intended functionality when inspected by a human and/or a machine. In this literature survey, our main objective is to address the domain of adversarial machine learning attacks and examine the robustness of machine learning models in the cybersecurity and intrusion detection domains. We identify the key trends in current work observed in the literature, and explore how these relate to the research challenges that remain open for future works. Inclusion criteria were: articles related to functionality-preservation in adversarial machine learning for cybersecurity or intrusion detection with insight into robust classification. Generally, we excluded works that are not yet peer-reviewed; however, the authors include some significant papers that make a clear contribution to the domain. There is a risk of subjective bias in the selection of non-peer reviewed articles; however, this is mitigated by co-author review. We selected the following databases with a sizeable computer science element to search and retrieve literature: IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SpringerLink,Google Scholar. The literature search was conducted upto January 2022. We have striven to ensure a comprehensive coverage of the domain to the best of our knowledge. We have performed systematic searches of the literature, noting our search terms and results, and following up on all materials that appear relevant and fit within the topic domains of this review. This research was funded by the Partnership PhD scheme at the University of the West of England in collaboration with Techmodal Ltd.
Similarity Solutions of Two Dimensional Turbulent Boundary Layers
Authors: Sun Bohua
Published: February 2022

The exact similarity solutions (also called as special exact solutions) of two dimensional laminar boundary layer were obtained by Blasius in 1908, however, no similarity solutions for two dimensional turbulent boundary layers have been reported in the literature. With the help of dimensional analysis and invariance principle, Prandtl mixing length $\ell=\kappa y$ for one dimensional turbulent boundary layer is extended to $\ell(x,y)=\kappa y (1-\frac{y}{\delta})\sqrt{\frac{\nu}{U\delta}} $ for the two dimensional turbulent boundary layers, furthermore, with a similarity transformation, we successfully transform the two dimensional turbulent boundary layers partial differential equations into a single ordinary differential equation $f'''+ ff''+\beta(1-f'^2)+\kappa^2[\eta^2(1-\eta)^2f''|f''|]'=0$. As an application, similarity solutions of the two dimensional turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate at zero incidence have been studied in detail. To solve the ordinary differential equation numerically, a complete Maple code is provided.
Preparation of Silver-Chitosan Nanocomposites Colloidal and Film as Antibacteri Material
Authors: Susilowati Endang , Masykuri Mohammad , Ulfa Maria , Puspitasari Dyah
Published: February 2022

Colloidal nanocomposites silver-chitosan have been made. Silver nanoparticles were produced by chemical reduction methods assisted microwave irradiation using chitosan from crab shells as a reducing agent and stabilizer, AgNO3 as a precursor and NaOH as an accelerator. This study investigated AgNO3 concentration toward localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon of nanocomposites colloidal. The size and shape of the silver nanoparticles were confirmed by TEM. Furthermore, the stability of the storage was observed for twelve weeks. Colloidal and film nanocomposites silver- chitosan have been made by casting method by drying at room temperature. After that, the film characterization was carried out, including swelling with gravimetry methods and surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Diffusion methods tested colloid antibacterial activity and silver-chitosan nanocomposite film’s against E. Coli and S. Aureus. The results showed that the formation of silver nanoparticles was identified by the LSPR absorption band's appearance at 413-419 nm. The increasing of AgNO3 concentration increased the intensity of the LSPR absorption band. Silver nanoparticles with sizes of about 3-9 nm are spherical. The silver nanoparticles were stable at 12 weeks of storage. The higher AgNO3 concentration tends to increase the swelling of the film. The surface of the silver-chitosan nanocomposite film’s was rougher than that of the chitosan film. The higher the silver nanoparticle concentration, the higher the colloid and film antibacterial activity against E. Coli and S. Aureus.
Determination of Chlorine on Brewed Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora var. Robusta) with V60 Method
Authors: Rahmawati Irma , Tanjung Yenni Puspita
Published: February 2022

One of the manual brewing techniques is the pour-over V60 method. It uses a filter paper, which is suspected of containing chlorine as a paper bleaching agent that will dissolve in coffee. Health problems that can be caused by consuming chlorine-containing beverages in the long term can cause directly disease related to liver, bladder, intestinal cancers, arteriosclerosis, high blood pressure, pneumonia, bronchitis, dyspnea, and allergies. This study aims to determine the chlorine content of brewed robusta coffee using the brew V60 method. The chlorine test with the colour reaction method and the precipitation test as qualitative analysis to determine chlorine levels is an argentometric titration with the Mohr method. This research shows that all three samples of filter paper and coffee with V60 brewing method contain chlorine. The titration result shows that chlorine levels in filter paper brand A are 81.9 mg/L, brand B 49.9 mg/L, and brand C 69.9 mg/L. Levels of chlorine in V60 brewed coffee brand A are 44.6 mg/L, brand B 21.9 mg/L, and brand C 28.6 mg/L. This research concludes that the chlorine content in filter paper and V60 coffee brewing beverages on brand A, brand B, and brand C is unqualified according to WHO regulation about chlorine qualification for clean drinking water, which is 5 mg/L.
Molecular Docking Study of Nutmeg (Myristica Fragrans) Constituents as Anti-Skin Cancer Agents
Authors: Fitriani Ika Nur , Ansory Hery Muhamad
Published: February 2022

Molecular docking analysis was carried out to understand better the interaction between DHODH and inhibitor from nutmeg in this series. The nutmeg constituent binding orientations in the active site of DHODH was seen in a molecular docking analysis and helped design a potentially new inhibitor. This work aimed to study the molecular docking of nutmeg constituents with the DHODH inhibitor using a computer-aided drug design. Molecular docking using AutoDock 4.2 was done to explore the models of binding complexes. The 3D structure was derived using Discovery Studio to investigate the essential chemical interaction of complex structures. Dihydroguaiaretic acid was the most potent ligand having a docking score of -9.3 kcal/mol. This value was better than the standard drug 5-FU. The dihydroguaiaretic acid structure interacted with Tyr365 and Thr63 through a hydrogen bond similar to the native ligand. These results suggest that nutmeg seed could serve as the lead compound for potent DHODH inhibitors against skin.
Caracterización biométrica y estimación del peso corporal en bovinos criollos en la comunidad de Chuñuranra–Huancavelica (Perú)
Authors: Contreras J.L. , Cordero A.G. , Curasma J. , Enriquez D. , Vilcapaza L. , Gutiérrez N. , Del Solar J.
Published: February 2022

96 bovinos criollos, procedentes del distrito de Huancavelica (Perú), de edades y sexos diferentes fueron estudiados con el objetivo de determinar correlaciones fenotípicas entre el peso corporal (PC) con las medidas biométricas: Ancho de la cabeza (AC) y longitud de la cabeza (LC); ancho de tórax (ATO), longitud de tórax (LT), perímetro de tórax (PT) y altura de tórax (ALT); ancho de la grupa (AGR), longitud de la grupa (LGR) y altura de la grupa (AG), distancia dorso lumbar (DL); longitud (LCU) y longitud total de cuerpo (TO), altura de cruz (ACR) y perímetro abdominal (PA). Estas características fueron ajustadas en una regresión lineal múltiple de primer grado para obtener una ecuación de predicción de PC. Las correlaciones fenotípicas fueron altas y significativas (p
Influência da substituição da proteína animal na qualidade da água em viveiros do tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818)
Authors: Campos Sousa P.H. , Souza Santos M. de L. , Lobão Souza R.A. , Dos Santos V.A. , Machado Santos R. , De Lima Saraiva A.L.
Published: February 2022

O crescimento da aquicultura como agroindústria e a intensificação de estratégias de produção condicionaram a busca por ingredientes de alta qualidade, por exemplo, a ração que é o insumo que representa o maior percentual individual de despesas. Na região amazônica o cultivo extensivo é visto como uma alternativa para famílias de baixa renda. Com isso, o enfoque do presente artigo é avaliar a qualidade da água em viveiros de cultivo de tambaqui, submetidos em três tratamentos de rações com substituições percentuais da ração comercial por uma proteína vegetal. O experimento foi desenvolvido em 182 dias em área de várzea na Comunidade de Estirão do Mamão em 2010, localizada no município de Moju - PA. Foram utilizados 500 alevinos estocados em 13 viveiros escavados com área de 50 m2, abastecidos individualmente com água proveniente do rio Moju, conforme o nível da maré com densidades de 1 peixe/m2. No decorrer do experimento, os peixes foram alimentados conforme os três tratamentos: I) 70% de ração comercial + 30% de massa de mandioca; II) 50% de ração comercial + 50% de massa de mandioca; III) 30% de ração comercial + 70% de massa de mandioca e o Testemunho com 100% ração comercial. Os tratamentos não tiveram uma influência no crescimento do peixe e na qualidade da água, no qual a variável com maior destaque foi à sazonalidade. Os parâmetros físicos e químicos, como a temperatura, o oxigênio dissolvido, CE e o pH tiveram uma relação com o desenvolvimento dos peixes. Os compostos nitrogenados não tiveram nem uma modificação ao longo do desenvolvimento e não influenciaram no desenvolvimento do peixe.
Efecto de la administración in ovo y post-eclosión de extracto acuoso de hongo ostra sobre la respuesta inmune, la morfometría y minerales de las tibias, y la histología de la médula ósea de pollos de engorde
Authors: Sogunle O.M. , Azeez N.T. , Safiyu K.K. , Irivboje O.A. , Adeyemi O.A. , Wheto M. , Odutayo O.J. , Uyeno Y.
Published: February 2022

Este estudio determinó el efecto de la administración in ovo y post-eclosión de extracto acuoso de hongo ostra (AEOM) sobre la respuesta inmune, la morfometría de tibias y minerales, y la histología de la médula ósea de pollos de engorde. Cuatrocientos huevos fértiles de la cepa de pollo de engorde Arbor acre fueron adquiridos, fumigados y pesados. Posteriormente, se colocaron 360 huevos en la incubadora. En el día 14 de incubación, los huevos fueron velados y un total de 273 huevos (75,83 % de fertilidad) que mostraban embriones viables se distribuyeron en tres grupos para la administración in ovo de AEOM que se llevó a cabo el día 18 de edad embrionaria. A cada grupo se le asignaron 91 huevos. Un total de ciento noventa y un (191) polluelos de un día de edad eclosionaron después de la incubación; 83 pollitos nacieron del control (91,20% de incubabilidad), 58 pollitos del grupo 2 (63,74%) y 50 nacieron del grupo 3 (incubabilidad del 54,95%). Los polluelos de grupos que habían recibido AEOM por vía in ovo se les administró oralmente AEOM inmediatamente después de la eclosión. Por lo tanto, resultando en tres tratamientos; T1 (control), T2 (0,1 ml in ovo + 0,1 ml post-hatch AEOM) y T3 (0,2ml in ovo + 0,2 ml post-hatch AEOM). Las aves fueron asignadas en 5 réplicas de 10 aves por réplica y criadas durante 8 semanas. Los datos fueron sometidos a un análisis unidirectorio de la varianza en un diseño completamente aleatorizado. Las aves en T2 registraron significativamente (P
Results of Using Formaldehyde in a Large North Slope Water Treatment System
Authors: McLelland W.G.
Published: February 2022

In an effort to alleviate severe injection well plugging at Prudhoe Bay, formaldehyde treatment of the Flow Station 2 produced water was initiated in early 1991 and continued through mid 1995 when the program was terminated. Formaldehyde was selected because of its biocidal properties and cost. The results of these treatments are discussed in terms of the overall effect of formaldehyde on the system. Other events that impacted produced water quality at the facility, and subsequently the results of the formaldehyde program, are also discussed.

Introduction

The Prudhoe Bay Field is jointly operated by Arco Alaska, Inc. and British Petroleum Exploration on behalf of the Prudhoe Bay co-owners. ARCO is operator of the EOA (eastern operating area) which consists of three oil, water, and gas separation facilities termed Flow Stations. The Flow Station 2 facility handles fluids and gas produced from the eastern most area of the field and production is waterflood dominated.

The source water for the Prudhoe Bay waterflood was initially seawater. However, as breakthrough occurred, produced water was re injected as part of the flood with a corresponding decrease in seawater.

In 1990, additional produced water handling equipment was added at Flow Station 2 in order to treat the expected 700 KBWD peak water production anticipated before the end of flood life. The new treating equipment is set up to allow the separated produced water from the slug catchers and chem-electric treaters to gravity feed into an 18 Kbbl cone bottom tank (81 tank) with sand jet capabilities. The produced water stream exiting this tank is then split and the fluid enters two 12 Kbbl tanks (82 & 83 tanks) designed for free oil removal by gravity segregation. From these tanks, the fluid stream is recombined and fed into a header. The header feeds the produced water stream into four rotor type dispersed gas flotation cells (GFCs). The water from the flotation cells is directed through a series of pumps and ultimately to the produced water distribution piping for re-injection into the formation as part of the waterflood.

Concurrent with the startup of the new treating facilities, there appeared a sharp increase in the volume and severity of a black amorphous solid material in the produced water system and reports of "black water" caused by iron sulfide. This material collected in the facility and in the injection wellbores creating numerous problems with severe oil carryover, level controllers, pump strainers and seals, and routine well work. The buildup in the wellbores became so severe that it was virtually impossible to run any type of tool into an injection well without first cleaning out the wellbore.
Acute kidney failure and acute pancreatitis was caused after neoadjuvant therapy for a patient with Breast Cancer：a case report
Authors: Liang Shuo , Ni Ting , Yao Chang
Published: February 2022

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common adverse reaction of platinum drugs in neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer patients. Approximately 30% of patients receiving cisplatin have acute kidney injury. Carboplatin have less nephrotoxic than cisplatin as the second generation platinum compound. There were AKI, nausea and vomiting, acute pancreatitis and oral ulcers occurred in a women who had intravenous carboplatin in our department.Case presentation: A 63 year-old Chinese female had neoadjuvant chemotherapy of TCbHP because of diagnosed with stage III breast invasive ductal carcinoma with axillary lymph node metastasis. Fourth day after chemotherapy, she had fatigue and nausea and then suffered from AKI, acute pancreatitis and mouth ulcers. After active treatment in the ICU and breast disease department, the patient's condition improved and was discharged.Conclusion: Although carboplatin, as a second-generation platinum drug, has less nephrotoxicity than cisplatin, it still needs special attention to avoid damage to the kidneys in clinical citation. At the same time, due to the killing effect of chemotherapeutics on the body's normal immune cells, other abnormal conditions in the body should be paid special attention to avoid more serious consequences.
Risk of head injury in football due to heading duels − A video analysis of 11.514 headings in elite football
Authors: Weber Johannes , Ernstberger Andreas , Reinsberger Claus , Popp Daniel , Nerlich Michael , Alt Volker , Krutsch Werner
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Heading is an integral part of football and frequent media reports and previous studies about potential danger of heading and head trauma in football fuelled discussions. Epidemiological data and video analyses regarding the frequency of headings and associated head injuries are still missing in adult elite football. Methods: In a prospective cohort study in the fourth German football league, 100 official matches of the 2015-2016 season were assessed by means of video analysis and a standardized protocol. Head injuries were documented and confirmed by standardised epidemiological injury reports of the teams. Results: Overall, 11,514 headings were analysed in detail. Video analysis yielded a mean of 5.7 headings per player and match (SD: 1.2; min: 0; max: 15). Heading was predominantly performed with the frontal part of the head (76.8%), and nearly two thirds of all headings occurred during defending (65.8%). 71.0% of all headings occured during tacklings, of which 71.9% involved body contact with the opponent player. Video analysis yielded 31 critical incidents (CI) on the head due to heading (incidence: 1.02 per 1000 h match exposure and player). 29 CIs occurred during heading duels (Odds ratio: 5.91), 30 CIs with body contact (odds ratio: 28.8) and 6 CIs with elbow contact (odds ratio: 6.13). Conclusion: Heading duels, especially with body contact and high elbow, are important risk factors for head injuries and key factor for prevention strategies. The impact of 5.7 headings per match on players` brain should be investigated in further research.
Spectral control of nonclassical light using an integrated thin-film lithium niobate modulator
Authors: Zhu Di , Chen Changchen , Yu Mengjie , Shao Linbo , Hu Yaowen , Xin C. J. , Yeh Matthew , Ghosh Soumya , He Lingyan , Reimer Christian , Sinclair Neil , Wong Franco , Zhang Mian , Lončar Marko
Published: February 2022

Manipulating the frequency and bandwidth of nonclassical light is essential for implementing frequency-encoded/multiplexed quantum computation, communication, and networking protocols, and for bridging spectral mismatch among various quantum systems. However, quantum spectral control requires a strong nonlinearity mediated by light, microwave, or acoustics, which is challenging to realize with high efficiency, low noise, and on an integrated chip. Here, we demonstrate both frequency shifting and bandwidth compression of nonclassical light using an integrated thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) phase modulator. We achieve record-high electro-optic frequency shearing of telecom single photons over terahertz range (± 641 GHz or ± 5.2 nm), enabling high visibility quantum interference between frequency-nondegenerate photon pairs. We further operate the modulator as a time lens and demonstrate over eighteen-fold (6.55 nm to 0.35 nm) bandwidth compression of single photons. Our results showcase the viability and promise of on-chip quantum spectral control for scalable photonic quantum information processing.
Comparison of low concentration atropine eye drops with different concentrations and administration frequencies in controlling the progression of myopia in children
Authors: Li ShuMao , Zhang HongBo , Yang PeiHua , Li YaHong , Zhang WeiXiao
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and side effects of 0.02% atropine eye drops once every other day and 0.01% atropine eye drops once a day in controlling the progression of myopia in children.Method231 children with myopic ametropia treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial eye hospital from June 2016 to June 2017 were included. They were randomly divided into 110 cases in the 0.02% atropine group and 121 cases in the 0.01% atropine group. The 0.02% atropine group was treated with 0.02% atropine eye drops once every other day before going to bed, and the 0.01% atropine group was treated with 0.01% atropine eye drops once a day before going to bed for 1 year. 92 cases in the 0.02% atropine group and 101 cases in the 0.01% atropine group were followed up for 1 year. The right SER,AL, AMP, PD, anterior chamber depth and corneal curvature were measured before and 12 months after treatment. The changes of each parameter 1 year after treatment and the adverse reactions after treatment were observed.ResultOne year after treatment, there was no significant difference in the changes of SER, Al, AMP and PD between 0.02% atropine group and 0.01% atropine group (all P>0.05). Photophobia occurred in 19.1% (21/110) and 20.7% (25/121) eyes in 0.02% atropine group and 0.01% atropine group within 1 month after treatment. Photophobia symptoms disappeared in 12 cases and 13 cases respectively within 1 ~ 6 months. Photophobia symptoms of other subjects gradually relieved but did not disappear. Within one month after treatment, 4.5% (5 / 110) and 5.0% (6 / 121) of the affected eyes in the two groups showed mild near blurred vision, which gradually relieved and disappeared after 2~4 weeks.ConclusionThe effect of 0.02% atropine eye drops once every other day was consistent with that of 0.01% atropine eye drops once a day, and 0.02% atropine eye drops once every other day did not increase the degree and incidence of adverse reactions.
Chronic enteroviral meningoencephalitis in a patient with Good’s syndrome.
Authors: Grammatikos Alexandros , Bright Philip , Pearson Justin , Likeman Marcus , Gompels Mark
Published: February 2022

Enteroviruses are a diverse selection of viruses which include polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses and others. Severe or persistent enteroviral infection is well-documented in patients with antibody deficiency, mostly in those with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) or following anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy[1]. Here we report the first case of enteroviral meningoencephalitis in a patient with Good’s syndrome and discuss the possible aetiopathogenic mechanisms involved.
Effectiveness of an Oral Elemental Diet for Patients With Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer: a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Himei Hitomi , Harada Ryo , Kato Hironari , Sato Ryosuke , Koike Ayako , Makita Takashi , Ueda Kumiko , Mori Hideki , Horiguchi Shigeru , Okada Hiroyuki
Published: February 2022

Objectives: Advanced pancreatic cancer (PC) causes nutritional deterioration and weight loss due to a decrease in digestive and absorption capacity associated with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Therefore, we conducted a prospective cohort study to evaluate the effectiveness of an elemental diet (ED).Methods: We conducted a two-centers, prospective consecutive observational study to assess the outcomes of patients with unresectable PC who underwent first-line chemotherapy. We enrolled patients receiving chemotherapy for unresectable PC from January 2017 to December 2019 and prescribed an oral ED (ED group). From December 2014 to December 2016, 43 patients before the introduction of ED therapy in our institutions were retrospectively studied as a historical cohort. Data on the nutritional markers at baseline and 3 months were extracted, and serial changes were compared between the 2 groups.Results: A comparison of the background of the two groups revealed that the clinical stage was significantly worse and serum CA19-9 levels were significantly higher in the ED group. The serial changes at 3 months in body mass index, serum CEA, and serum CA19-9 were not statistically significant. The serum albumin level tended to show a much greater decrease in the historical cohort (P=0.15). Furthermore, the serum total protein level and prognostic nutrition index were significantly decreased in the historical cohort (P=0.02, <0.005, respectively). Conclusions: This prospective study demonstrated that ED tended to improve the nutritional status during chemotherapy for unresectable PC.Trial registration number and date of registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR: 000025967), February 2, 2017.
Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Small-Scale Gold Processing in Baguio Mining District, Philippines
Authors: Banta Jyra Rancel , Lu Marcelino Jr
Published: February 2022

Small-scale mining in the Philippines lacks research and technologies for the application of an inexpensive and environmentally sound treatment of its wastewaters. Hence, laboratory-scale fixed-bed column tests were carried out to test and evaluate the sorbent adsorption performance of the Philippine Natural Bentonite (PNB) and the Philippine Natural Zeolite (PNZ) against the heavy metals present in the ball mill facilities within the Baguio Mining District. Results showed that removal percentages of PNB and PNZ in terms of lead (Pb) concentrations are 50.43% and 26.90%, respectively. Moreover, the dynamic uptake capacity and maximum adsorption capacity values of PNB showed greater values than PNZ and the sorption models, Bohart-Adams, Wolborska, Thomas, and Yoon-Nelson models, which displayed a good fit for the breakthrough curves. Furthermore, the effect of varied flow rate and bed height manifested that an increase in flow rate yields a lesser saturation time while the rise in bed height increases uptake capacity, saturation time, and removal percentage of the system. Regarding the cost-efficiencies of the sorbents, the study revealed that PNB is more cost-efficient than PNZ since only 1.13 Philippine pesos of PNB is required to remove a gram of Pb compared to PNZ, which cost 3.30 pesos. Therefore, this research concluded that PNB could be a better sorbent of Pb in terms of removal percentage and cost-efficiency. The study recommends more regeneration studies for the reusability of the sorbents after exhaustion and hopes that this research will be a springboard for further environmental studies.
Association of allergic disease with subsequent risk of liver cancer: A nation-wide cohort study
Authors: Kim Ji Ah , Choi Seulggie , Chang Jooyoung , Jeong Seogsong , Ahn Joseph C. , Lee Gyeongsil , Son Joung Sik , Park Sang Min
Published: February 2022

Background : Studies have proposed an inverse association between allergic diseases and cancer risk, but few studies to date have specifically investigated the risk of primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC; intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, ICC) in patients with or without allergic diseases. Objective : The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between allergic diseases and risk of developing liver cancer.Methods: A retrospective cohort study of the Korean National Health Insurance Service database was performed to study 405,512 South Korean adults ages 40 and above who underwent routine health screening after January 1st, 2005. All participants were followed for liver cancer diagnosis or death until December 31st, 2013. Those who died before the index date, had pre-diagnosed cancer, or did not undergo health screening were excluded. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to determine the adjusted hazard ratios(aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of developing liver cancer according presence or absence of atopic dermatitis, asthma and allergic rhinitis.Results: The aHR (95% CI) for overall liver cancer among allergic patients was 0.72 (0.64-0.81). Allergic patients had significantly reduced risk of HCC (aHR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.61-0.81) but not ICC (aHR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.71-1.08). Presence of allergic diseases was associated with significantly lower risk of liver cancer in both patients with (aHR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.47-0.8) or without (aHR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.65-0.85) chronic Hepatitis B/C infections. Presence of allergic diseases was associated with significantly lower risk of liver cancer in patients without cirrhosis (aHR: 0.72, 95% CI 0.63-0.82), but not in those with cirrhosis (aHR: 0.98, 95% CI 0.68-1.41). Patients with multiple allergies had even lower risk of liver cancer compared to patients with single allergy. Conclusion: Patients with allergic diseases have significantly lower risk of developing liver cancer compared to those without allergic diseases, which supports the rationale for immunotherapy as an effective treatment of liver cancer.
Individual Variable Speed Limit Trajectory Control Considering Stochastic Arriving Patterns
Authors: Li Qianwen , Yao Handong
Published: February 2022

Connected vehicles enabled by communication technologies have the potential to improve traffic mobility and enhance roadway safety such that traffic information can be shared among vehicles and infrastructure. Fruitful speed advisory strategies have been proposed to smooth connected vehicle trajectories for better system performance with the help of different carfollowing models. Yet, there has been no such comparison about the impacts of various carfollowing models on the advisory strategies. Further, most of the existing studies consider a deterministic vehicle arriving pattern. The resulting model is easy to approach yet not realistic in representing realistic traffic patterns. This study proposes an Individual Variable Speed Limit (IVSL) trajectory control problem at a signalized intersection and investigates the impacts of three popular car-following models on the IVSL. Both deterministic and stochastic IVSL models are formulated, and their performance is tested with numerical experiments. Results show that, compared to the benchmark (i.e., without speed control), the proposed IVSL strategy with a deterministic arriving pattern achieves significant improvements in both mobility and fuel efficiency across different traffic levels with all three car-following models. The improvement of the IVSL-Gipps’ model is the most remarkable. When the vehicle arriving patterns are stochastic, the IVSL improves travel time, fuel consumption, and system cost by 8.95%, 19.11%, and 11.37%, respectively, as compared to the benchmark without speed control.
Relationships between the fecundity of two bark beetle pests and the presence of antagonist
Authors: Resnerova Karolina , Schovánková Jolana , Horák Jakub , Holuša Jaroslav
Published: February 2022

Although previous research has documented the occurrence of antagonists of bark beetles, the studies have only evaluated individual antagonists and have not assessed the overall effect of all antagonists on adult beetles. In this study, we determined which antagonists were associated with reduction in the fecundity and maternal gallery lengths of two important species of bark beetles: Ips typographus on spruce and I. cembrae on larch. We evaluated these relationships under natural conditions by collecting maternal females in galleries and dissecting and examining their internal organs. The antagonists in the I. typographus hemolymph had the most significant negative associations with fecundity and gallery length. These antagonists were mainly nematodes and parasitoids in the hemocoel. In contrast, a positive association was found between gregarine presence and I. typographus fecundity. No antagonist was found that was likely to significantly alter I. cembrae fecundity or maternal gallery length. Our study provides the first comprehensive assessment of antagonists that may have the potential to reduce the fecundity and thereby reduce the outbreaks of these bark beetles.
Optimization of Immune Receptor-Related Hypersensitive Cell Death Response Assay Using Agrobacterium-Mediated Transient Expression in Tobacco Plants
Authors: Huh Sung Un
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe study of the regulatory mechanisms of evolutionarily conserved Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) resistance (R) proteins in animals and plants is of increasing importance due to the understanding of basic immunity and the value of various crop engineering applications of NLR immune receptors. The importance of temperature is also emerging when applying NLR to crops responding to global climate change. In particular, studies of pathogen effector recognition and autoimmune activity of NLRs in plants can quickly and easily determine their function in tobacco using agro-mediated transient assay. However, there are conditions that should not be overlooked in these cell death-related assays in tobacco. ResultsEnvironmental conditions play an important role in the immune response of plants. The system used in this study was to establish conditions for optimal hypertensive response (HR) cell death analysis by utilizing the paired NLR RPS/RRS1 autoimmune and AvrRps4 effector recognition system. The most suitable greenhouse temperature for growing plants was fixed at 22°C. In this study, RPS4/RRS1-mediated autoimmune activity, RPS4 TIR domain dependent cell death, and RPS4/RRS1-mediated HR cell death upon AvrRps4 perception significantly inhibited under conditions of 65% humidity. The HR is strongly activated when the humidity is below 10%. In addition, the leaf position of tobacco is important for the HR cell death. Position #4 of the leaf from the top in 4-5 weeks old tobacco plants showed the most effective HR cell death. ConclusionsAs genome sequencing of various crops continues, different types of NLRs and their functions will be studied. At this time, if we optimize the conditions for evaluating NLR-mediated HR cell death, it will help to more accurately identify the function of NLRs. In addition, it will be possible to contribute to crop development in response to global climate change through NLR engineering.
Sequence-dependent synergistic effect of aumolertinib-pemetrexed combined therapy on EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung carcinoma with pre-clinical and clinical evidence
Authors: Ao Luyao , Fang Shencun , Zhang Kexin , Gao Yang , Cui Jiawen , Jia Wenjing , Shan YunLong , Zhang Jingwei , Wang Guangji , Liu Jiali , Zhou Fang
Published: February 2022

Background: Inevitably developed resistance of the third-generation ﻿epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) limited its clinical benefit on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Upfront combination therapy is promising to prevent this resistance. Compelling clinical evidence indicated the failure of third-generation EGFR TKIs combined with either immunotherapy or antiangiogenic agents. In comparison, combined treatment of third-generation EGFR TKIs and chemotherapy might be a favorable choice. Herein, we systematically analyzed and compared the effects of pemetrexed and a novel third-generation EGFR TKI aumolertinib combined in different sequences, ﻿subsequently revealed the potential mechanisms and proved the optimal combination ﻿schedule with clinical retrospective study.Methods: Three combination schedules involving pemetrexed and aumolertinib in different sequences were developed. Their inhibition effects on cell proliferation and metastasis were firstly compared upon three human NSCLC cell lines in vitro, by cell counting kit-8, colony formation, wound healing and transwell assays respectively. Further evaluation in vivo was proceeded upon H1975 and HCC827 xenograft model. Gene and protein expression were detected by Q-PCR and western blot. Drug concentration was determined by LC-MS/MS. VEGF secretion was determined by ELISA. Tumor vessel was visualized by immunofluorescence. Lastly, a clinical retrospective study was raised with 65 patients’ data.Results: The combination of pemetrexed and aumolertinib exhibited a sequence-dependent and EGFR mutant-dependent synergistic effect in vitro and in vivo. Only treatment with aumolertinib following pemetrexed (P-A) exhibited synergistic effect with stronger anti-tumor growth and anti-metastasis ability than monotherapy and also other combination sequences. This synergism could exclusively be observed in H1975 and HCC827 but not A549. Pathway analysis showed that P-A significantly enhanced the suppression of EGFR pathway. In addition, our results intriguingly found an obvious reduction of VEGF secretion and the accompanying normalization of the intratumor vessel, consequently increasing intratumoral accumulation of pemetrexed in P-A group. Finally, the clinical retrospective study verified the synergistic effect of P-A combination by significantly superior tumor response than aumolertinib monotherapy.Conclusions: Aumolertinib-pemetrexed combined therapy is promising for EGFR mutant NSCLC but only in right administration sequence. P-A could become an advantageous combination strategy in clinical with synergistic inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis.