bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Generation of Girls
Authors: Curzon Lucy D.
Published: March 2019

BOOK REVIEW

Ann Travers. 2018. The Trans Generation: How Trans Kids (and Their Parents) Are
Creating a Gender Revolution. New York: New York University Press.

Ann Travers’s new book, The Trans Generation: How Trans Kids (and Their
Parents) Are Creating a Gender Revolution (hereafter The Trans Generation)
is a highly persuasive investigation that sheds much-needed scholarly light
on a grossly marginalized, precarious community. Travers interviewed 36
transgender children, and many of their parents, to reveal the challenges
they face in everyday use of bathrooms, locker rooms, and other rigidly gendered
spaces, as well as in interactions with friends, parents, and siblings, as
well as schools, and local and state or provincial governments. Apart from
the scope of this study, what is remarkable about The Trans Generation is its
accessibility. Instead of presenting a quantitative analysis, which can be alienating
to readers outside academia, Travers offers an exhaustive qualitative
study parsed in highly thoughtful, eloquent, and open terms—one that
prizes the individuality, indeed the knowableness, of each child interviewed.
And, although The Trans Generation is not explicitly dedicated to discussions
of girlhood, the focus of this journal, it nonetheless offers, I argue, valuable
new paradigms or strategies for thinking about girls’ lives and identities.
EFEKTIFITAS SOSIALISASI MAL OLEH KONSELOR ASI SEBAGAI SALAH SATU UPAYA PENCEGAHAN UNMEET NEED KB
Authors: Rosida Luluk
Published: March 2019

Abstract Lactation amenorrhea method (LAM) is an alternative that can be used by women who experienced the unmet need for family planning to breastfeed cause delays recovery of fertility after childbirth and can be used as a natural contraceptive methods. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the socialization of LAM by a breastfeeding counselor to efforts to reduce unmeet need in Yogyakarta. This quasi study uses the design of Non-Equivalent Control Group, which compares the return of menstruation to postpartum mothers with exclusive breastfeeding given LAM socialization by ASI counselors with postpartum mothers who were not given LAM socialization by ASI counselors. Women who are exclusively breastfeeding will in principle get longer menstrual initiation than those who do not exclusively breastfeed their babies. The sample in this study were mothers who had just given birth at the Community Health Center hospitalized in Yogyakarta. Bivariate analysis using the whtney man test. The results showed that there were differences in the return of menstruation in postpartum mothers who were given LAM  socialization by ASI counselors with postpartum mothers who were not given LAM socialization.
Modern Nature for a Modern Nation:An Intellectual History of Environmental Dissonances in the Swedish Welfare State
Authors: Mårald Erland , Nordlund Christer
Published: March 2019

In the mid-1990s, the concept 'ecological modernisation' was established to characterise the perception that environmental protection and economic growth are not mutually exclusive but rather comprise a solid foundation for sustainable development. We argue in this essay that believing that modernisation, economic growth and a healthy environment could go hand-in-hand was nothing new as far as Sweden was concerned. Rather, it is a belief that developed during the 'folkhem era (1930s-1970s) due to an extensive dialogue about the proper relationship between nature and society in the construction of the welfare state. We highlight the idea of 'dissonances' as a salient metaphor describing the disharmonic relation between old and new and modern society and modern nature. According to advocates of modernisation, it was important to overcome dissonances - backwardness, inefficient use of natural resources and negative 'side effects' of societal progress such as pollution and environmental damage - between society and nature. Instead, by rational thinking and new technology it would be possible to make society and nature go hand-in-hand and thereby enhance human welfare. However, broadened knowledge and intellectual horizons and critiques of progress have brought new problem complexes and dissonances to light. Like the dream of Sweden the modern Model Nation, the definitive answer to the difficulties of the environmental issue has constantly been deferred.
Globalisierungskonflikte
Authors: Bieling Hans-Jürgen
Published: March 2019

Die intensivierten weltökonomischen Konflikte verweisen auf eine tiefe Krise der transatlantischen Globalisierungspolitik. Die EU hatte bereits in den 2000er Jahren einen Kursschwenk von einer „tiefen“, umfassenden und multilateralen zu einer pragmatisch orientierten, exzessiv-bilateralen Liberalisierungspolitik vollzogen. Konfrontiert mit der „Doppelkrise“ – aus populistischem Nationalismus und aufkommendem Protektionismus – hält sie an diesem Kursschwenk grundsätzlich fest. Sie löst sich zudem vorsichtig aus der Verpflichtung auf eine enge transatlantische Kooperation. Aufgrund EU-interner Dissonanzen und Interessendivergenzen bleibt diese Loslösung strategisch und programmatisch jedoch schwach profiliert.
Frankreichs Widersacher, Deutschlands „bad cop“?
Authors: Guntrum Simon
Published: March 2019

Der Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Rolle der neu formierten „Hanseatischen Liga“ – einem Zusammenschluss aus acht nord(-ost)europäischen EU-Staaten – und deren Positionierung innerhalb aktueller Reformdebatten der Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion. Es wird argumentiert, dass eine Fokussierung auf das deutsch-französische Verhältnis den Blick auf ein erweitertes Feld zwischenstaatlicher Kräfteverhältnisse verstellt, in denen die anderen Mitgliedstaaten sich zwar um diese beiden Blöcke Frankreich und Deutschland gruppieren, aber durchaus eigene Koalitionen eingehen und Akzente setzen. Der Artikel soll eine erste Bestandsaufnahme leisten und zeigen, auf welche Dynamiken die Formierung der Hansa zurückzuführen ist, welche Positionierung sie in den Reformdebatten einnimmt und ob die Hansa lediglich der verlängerte Arm der deutschen Stabilitätsunion oder doch einen eigenständigen Widersacher der französischen Reformbestrebungen darstellt.
Editorial
Authors: Redaktion PROKLA
Published: March 2019

Editorial
Reversible Cyclic Thermal Inactivation of Oligopeptidase B from Serratia proteamaculans
Authors: Оvchinnikova M. V. , Mikhailova A. G. , Karlinsky D. M. , Gorlenko V. А. , Rumsh L. D.
Published: March 2019

A unique property was found for oligopeptidase B from Serratia proteamaculans (PSP) as well as its mutants: they can undergo reversible thermal inactivation at 37C, with activity being restored or even increased with respect to the initial one upon subsequent cooling. The process can be repeated several times, with the same results achieved (up to 5 cycles). This effect can be explained by a shift in the equilibrium between the inactive open form of the enzyme and the active closed one upon variation of the incubation temperature.
Phylogenetic Analysis and Molecular Typing of Trichothecene-Producing Fusarium Fungi from Russian Collections
Authors: Stakheev A. A. , Samokhvalova L. V. , Mikityuk O. D. , Zavriev S. K.
Published: March 2019

We performed a three-locus phylogenetic analysis of Fusarium strains presumably capable of trichothecene production, which were deposited in the Russian national collections. The intra- and interspecific polymorphism of partial sequences of the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF1) gene and two genes from the trichothecene cluster TRI5 and TRI14 was studied. A study of 60 strains of different origins using DNA markers confirmed, and in the case for several strains, clarified their taxonomic characteristics. As a result, a strain of F. commune (F-900) was identified in Russia for the first time. Furthermore, the strain F-846 proved to be phylogenetically distinct from any of the known Fusarium species. F. equiseti strains from Northwest Russia were found to belong to the North European group (I), whereas a strain from the North Caucasus - to the South European one (II). Partial TRI14 sequences from 9 out of 12 species were determined for the first time. Their comparative analysis demonstrated a relatively high level of intraspecific variability in F. graminearum and F. sporotrichioides, but no correlation between the sequence polymorphism and the geographic origin of the strains or their chemotype was found. Specific chemotypes of trichothecene B producers were characterized using two primer sets. The chemotyping results were verified by HPLC.
The TLR4 Agonist Immunomax Affects the Phenotype of Mouse Lung Macrophages during Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Authors: Nikonova A. A. , Pichugin A. V. , Chulkina M. M. , Lebedeva E. S. , Gaisina A. R. , Shilovskiy I. P. , Ataullakhanov R. I. , Khaitov M. R. , Khaitov R. M.
Published: March 2019

In the study, the effect of the TLR4 agonist Immunomax was investigated in vitro and in vivo. In particular, Immunomax was shown to polarize mouse bone marrow macrophages from the M0 and M2 states into the M1 state (ARG1 and iNOS mRNA expression levels were used to identify the mouse M1 and M2 phenotypes). Next, we investigated the prophylactic antiviral effect of Immunomax in both a model of mouse respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and a model of RSV-induced bronchial asthma (BA) exacerbation. In the experiment with RSV-induced BA exacerbation, Immunomax-treated mice were characterized by a significant decrease of the viral load in lung homogenates, an increased amount of M1 macrophages in the lung, a tendency toward Th2-dependent ovalbumin-specific IgG1 antibodies decrease in blood serum, a significant increase in RSV-activated CD4+ T cells secreting IFN (Th1 cells), and a simultaneous significant decrease in the amount of CD4+ cells secreting IL-4 (Th2 cells) in the mouse spleen, which were detected by ELISPOT 1.5 months after experiment. These findings suggest that treatment with the TLR4 agonist Immunomax polarizes the immune response towards antiviral Th1 and may be used for short-term antiviral prophylaxis to prevent acute respiratory viral infections in asthmatics.
Hz. Ömer’in Kudüs’ü Fethinden Sonra İzlediği Tapınak Dağı Politikası
Authors: Yiğitoğlu Mustafa
Published: March 2019

Kudüs, dünya üzerinde etkinliği olan en önemli
üç büyük dinin kutsal addettiği, müntesiplerince uğruna canlarını verdiği yerin
adıdır. Hz. Süleyman tarafından inşa edilen büyük bir mabedi ihtiva eden bu
topraklar geçmişte olduğu gibi günümüzde de önemini muhafaza etmektedir. Yahudiler
tarafından burası her dönem yaşama gücü, ideası ve şevkini temsil etmiştir. Dönemin
halkına ibadet etmek gayesi ile yapılan bu mabed çeşitli saldırılar sonucu
tahrif edilmiş ve sonrasında yıkılmıştır. Mabedi yaşamın merkezi haline
getirmiş İsrailoğulları’na M.S. 70’te Romalılar tarafından çok büyük bir darbe
vurulmuştur. Bu durum, Hz. Ömer’in Halifeliği dönemine, İslam ordularının
Kudüs’ü fethetmesine, kadar devam etmiştir. Şehrin anahtarlarının adil yönetici
olarak nam salmış Hz. Ömer’e teslim edilmesi ile Kudüs, İslam idaresine geçmiş
ve bu topraklarda ayrı bir politika izlenmiştir. Sunacağımız bildiride, Kudüs’ün
fethi öncesindeki genel durumu ile sonrasındaki gelişmeler ele alınacaktır. Hz.
Ömer’in burada, bir zamanlar Süleyman Mabedi’nin inşasının bulunduğu tapınak
dağındaki tasarrufu ve yerel halka (Hıristiyan ve Yahudi) tutumu açıklanacaktır.
Tekfurdağlı Bir Âlim; Osman Nuri Efendi ve İcâzet-nâmesi
Authors: SAĞLAM Nevzat
Published: March 2019

Scholars are
spiritual architects who have built the religious and scientific life of the
community. Hundreds of scholars who have contributed to the rise and
continuation of the scientific life during the Ottoman period grew up. One of
these was Osman Nuri Efendi who lived in the last period and was found in the
muftis of Maydos/Eceabad and Tekirdag. In this study, Osman Nuri Efendi's
Documents in the Archive of Meshihat were handled in the light of biography and
quizzes. In this frame, Osman Nuri Efendi's translations of the civil servants and
the lessons he learned, his fathers, and the certificate he received at the end
of his college education.
Penerapan Metode PROMETHEE II Pada Pemilihan Situs Travel Berdasarkan Konsumen
Authors: Batubara Dinda Nabila , Sitorus P Dini Rizky , Windarto Agus Perdana
Published: March 2019

Situs Travel merupakan tempat bagi Travel Agent untuk menawarkan jasa-jasa atau paket wisata mereka pada website berbasis online dan dengan situs travel, pelanggan tidak kesulitan dalam memesan paket wisata, mereka cukup memesan melalui smartphone tanpa harus ke biro travel agent. Banyaknya situs travel yang ada membuat para pelanggan bingung dan  kesulitan dalam memilih situs travel yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa situs travel yang tepat bagi konsumen dengan menerapkan metode PROMETHEE II. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan melakukan wawancara dan penyebaran angket secara random kepada 250 responden. Kriteria penilaian yang digunakan sebanyak 6: penilaian harga (C1), Pelayanan (C2), Interface (C3), Keamanan (C4), Promosi (C5), Sistem Pembayaran (C6) dan alternatif situs travel yang digunakan sebanyak 4: Traveloka (A1), Tiket.com (A2), Trivago (A3), Pegi-Pegi (A4). Hasil analisa menyebutkan bahwa PROMETHEE II dapat diterapkan dalam memilih situs travel dengan alternatif Tiket.com (A2) (net flow= 0.13) sebagai alternatif pertama dan alternatif pegi-pegi (A4) (net flow= 0.10) sebagai alternatif kedua.
Implementasi Metode Prototype Dalam Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan Menggunakan Java (Netbeans 7.3) (Studi Kasus SMK N 01 Prabumulih)
Authors: Wijaya Khana
Published: March 2019

Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan Di SMK N 01 Prabumulih dibuat dengan bahasa pemrograman Java dan database MySQL. SMK N 01 Prabumulih adalah salah satu Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan yang ada di Kota Prabumulih yang sudah berdiri sejak 2003 hingga dengan sekarang, serta memiliki berbagai fasilitas pendukung kegiatan pendidikannya, seperti laboratorium, UKS Serta Perpustakaan. Perpustakaan di SMK N 01 Prabumulih dalam hal pendataan peminjam serta pencarian arsip dilakukan secara manual yang masih menggunakan Alat Tulis Kantor (ATK) dalam hal pengelolaan data buku serta data peminjamnya. Sehingga membutuhkan suatu sistem yang dapat membantu sistem yang lama agar lebih mempermudah staff dalam membuat laporan data peminjamnya. Dengan adanya Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan yang diusulkan mampu menghasilkan informasi yang cepat, dan tepat waktu sehingga memudahkan dalam pengolahan data buku, data peminjam, data admin, dan laporan Peminjam. Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan ini berbasis localhost.
PROTOTIPE APLIKASI SIMPAN PINJAM PADA KOPERASI DARMA KARYA PANGKALPINANG BABEL
Authors: Sujono Sujono , Mayasari Melati Suci , Koloniawan Koloniawan
Published: March 2019

Sistem manual menggunakan tenaga manusia dengan segala keterbatasannya belum mampu mengolah data dalam jumlah besar dan rumit secara tepat, akurat, efektif, dan efesien. Koperasi saat ini dituntut memiliki sitem yang selalu menyediakan informasi lengkap terkait dokumentasi koperasi, informasi tentang anggota, informasi pencapaian koperasi serta evaluasi pencapaian koperasi dan tiap program kerja. Solusinya adalah pemanfaatan aplikasi untuk menggantikan sistem manual. Untuk merancang aplikasi dengan menggunakan model Prototipe dan metodologi UML(Unified Modeling Language). Dari rancangan ini menghasilkan sebuah model aplikasi yang menampilkan gambaran lengkap suatu sistem, sehingga aplikasi dapat dibangun sesuai kebutuhan untuk mengatasi masalah yang terjadi
İdari Kolluk Yetkisi Bağlamında Zorunlu Aşı Uygulaması
Authors: KASAPOĞLU TURHAN Mine
Published: March 2019

İdare,
kolluk yetkisi kapsamında güvenlik, dirlik-esenlik ve genel sağlık olmak üzere
üç unsurdan oluşan kamu düzenini sağlamak ve korumakla görevlidir. Kamu
düzeninin unsurlarından biri olan genel sağlığın korunması için idarenin
birtakım tedbirler alması gerekir. Bu tedbirlerden biri de salgın hastalıkları
önlemek ve toplumu bulaşıcı hastalıklardan korumak için yapılan aşılama faaliyetleridir.
Sağlık Bakanlığı tarafından düzenlenen Genişletilmiş Bağışıklama Programı
kapsamında çocuklar doğdukları andan itibaren bazı hastalıklara karşı
aşılanmaktadır. İdari kolluk faaliyeti olarak nitelendirilebilecek olan zorunlu
aşılama, aynı zamanda vücut bütünlüğünün korunması hakkına yapılan bir müdahale
niteliğindedir. Bu noktada, üstün kamu yararı ile kişinin vücut bütünlüğünün
korunması hakkı arasındaki dengenin kurulması gerekir. Bu dengenin kurulması
için gerek uluslararası sözleşmelerdeki, gerekse Anayasa’daki düzenlemelere
uygun kanuni düzenlemelere ihtiyaç vardır. Bu çalışmada zorunlu aşı uygulaması,
idare hukuku bakımından ele alınarak, özellikle idari kolluk yetkisinin sınırları
bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir.
Integration Monitoring of On-grid Photovoltaic System: Case Study
Authors: Jasiński Michał , Rezmer Jacek , Sikorski Tomasz , Szymańda Jarosław
Published: March 2019

The aim of the paper is to present possible using of monitoring systems associated with photovoltaic systems (PV) in point of its integration with electrical power system (EPS). Presented investigations is a case study of 15 kW Scientific Photovoltaic System. The paper contains a description of applied control and monitoring systems including monitoring of PV panels parameters, weather condition, PV DC/AC inverters as well as special monitoring systems dedicated to power quality (PQ) and shape of voltage and current. The aim of the paper is to exhibit a possibility to combine different monitoring systems of the PV in order to improve evaluation of integration of PV with EPS. Presented example contains selected elements of power quality assessment, power and energy production, weather conditions for selected period of PV system working time.
Association of Serum Triglycerides and Total Cholesterol levels with Hypertension in Adult Female
Authors: Yeasmin Nahid , Akhter Qazi Shamima , Mahmuda Sayeeda , Nahar Sharmin , Abira Mahmuda , Rahman Farhana , Habib Tamanna Binte , Hasan Mahmudul , Yeasmin Shahanara
Published: March 2019

Hyperlipidemia is one of the most widespread medical disorder in female and its complications are increasing all over the world, leading to life threatening medical problems like cardiovascular diseases, stroke and peripheral vascular diseases. An association between hyperlipidemia and hypertension has been identified. The study was carried out to observe the association of serum triglycerides and total cholesterol level with hypertension in adult female subjects. This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, during the period of January 2011 to December 2011. A total number of sixty female subjects were selected with age ranging from 30 to 50 years. Among them 30 female subjects with hypertension were included from the out-patient department of Medicine, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka as study group (B) and 30 apparently healthy females were taken as control group (A) for comparison. Estimation of fasting serum triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were done by enzymatic method in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College Dhaka in both groups. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of all participants were recorded by standard method. Data were analyzed by Unpaired Student’s- test and Pearson's correlation co-efficient (r) test as applicable. The values of fasting serum TG level were significantly higher in subjects with hypertension than those of control. Fasting serum TC level was significantly higher in subjects with hypertension in comparison to controls also. In subjects with hypertension fasting serum TG and fasting serum TC levels were higher and showed positive correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Present study revealed that systolic and diastolic blood pressure has positive relationship with fasting serum triglyceride (TG) and fasting serum cholesterol (TC) levels.

Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2019; 7(1): 35-39
Status and Patients Satisfaction Attended at Emergency Department of a Tertiary Level Hospital in Dhaka City
Authors: Akhtar Khursheda , Rashid Md Mamun Or , Akhtar Khodeza , Siddika Ayesha , Siddika Syeda Subrina
Published: March 2019

Background: Emergency department is one of the most important parts of a hospital which is the point of major public health interest.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to find out the existing facilities of emergency department, to assess the satisfaction of patients and health care providers on emergency services.

Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out at emergency department of Mugda Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2017 to June 2017 for a period of six (06) months. Research instruments were semi structured questionnaire. Existing facilities at emergency department were assessed by check list which was adopted from Table of Equipment (TOE) by Directorate General of Health Service (DGHS) and satisfaction level was categorized as good and bad. Face to face interview was taken from emergency patients and health care providers attending in emergency unit.

Result: A total of 75 samples of respondents were selected purposively. Most of the respondents (30.0%) were in 26 to 35 years age group. According to their education level, 24(48.0%) were illiterate. Most of the respondents (76.0%) were attended to emergency unit by walking; however 48(96.0%) respondents attended by health care providers immediately. Half of the patients (50.0%) buy drugs from local dispensary and investigation in hospital was also done by half of the patients. After reaching at emergency, maximum patients 25(50.0%) waited for 1 to 5 minutes for receiving medical attention and mean waiting time was 10.14 minutes. Overall satisfactory level at emergency unit was good 23(46.0%) and bad 27(54.0%) (p<0.0001).

Conclusion: Numbers of potential barriers influence the patients’ satisfaction. Periodic patient satisfaction survey should be institutionalized to provide feedback for continuous quality improvement.

Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2019;6(1):53-58
The Example of Hagop Ekızıan’s Mıgratıon From The Ottoman Empıre to Amerıca
Authors: BİÇİCİ Mehmet
Published: March 2019

Armenians entered under the rule of Seljuks and then the Ottoman Empire
after the Turks gained dominance in Anatolia. Armenians lived in an environment
of tolerance and justice under the rule of Turks. There are scarcely any
difference between the Armenians and Turks apart from religion. They had quite
an interaction and close relationships which built an environment of trust
between the Turkish and Armenians. However, Armenians started to rebel where
they lived in the late 19th century as a result of the weakening of Ottoman
Empire, oriental policy of the Western states and most accordingly their
seditious acts towards minorities, specifically Armenians. In the 1820s, American
missioners came to Ottoman lands and wanted to spread Protestantism by being
especially active in the fields of education and health. The Ottoman Empire
recognized the Protestant Armenian Community in the mid-19th century. During
the migration of Armenians, who were subjects of Ottoman Empire, to the US,
missioners nearly prepared the migration infrastructure with their activities
in the Ottoman Empire. Some of the Armenian citizens migrated to the US and
acquired American citizenship. This was due to the rights that arose from the
1830 American-Turkish Treaty of Commerce
and Navigation. According to the treaty, those that became US citizens
could not be judged by the Ottoman courts and were exempt from Ottoman taxes.
Armenians even used that treaty as a protective shield in the rebels they
started. Hagop Ekizian, a rich Armenian merchant and an Ottoman subject, also
acquired American citizenship and took advantage of these privileges. The
problem of nationality led to distress between the Ottoman Empire and the US
who assumed a protective attitude against the crimes committed by the
Armenians.
Correlating findings from the Central Helmand Archaeological Study (CHAS) with those from previous surveys in the Central Helmand Valley, Afghanistan
Authors: Abramiuk Marc A.
Published: March 2019

The Central Helmand Archaeological Study (CHAS) was a rapid archaeological reconnaissance led and undertaken by the author in 2011 to support counterinsurgency efforts on behalf of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (GIRoA) and the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in central Helmand Province. Due to the volatility in the region and the imperative to produce results that would have an immediate operational effect, the author had to forego conventional preparations which would have necessarily included a lengthy review and analysis of previously recorded sites in the region. The situation being as it was, the primary objective of this paper is to review the data that were collected and to determine whether the sites identified and investigated in the course of the CHAS can be linked to any previously recorded sites. To accomplish this task, a system for deciding whether the sites recorded in the CHAS match any previously recorded sites is devised and described. The second objective of this paper uses what information can be gleaned from the CHAS to increase archaeological knowledge of the central Helmand valley. Towards these ends, five sites that were recorded in the CHAS are found to have been previously unrecorded and are described. In those cases where the sites examined in the CHAS overlap with previously recorded sites, the CHAS supplements what has been known of the sites with new information on the sites' composition and chronology.
The Matter of Beckett's Facts
Authors: Connor Steven
Published: March 2019

An important part of Beckett's engagement with the matter-of-factness of modern everyday life is the literal concern in his writing with matters of fact. The collection and exchange of atomised facts has become part of the ordinary texture of social life, in modern societies in which facts are both abundantly available and provide everyday discourse with calming lubrication. It is clear from Beckett's notebooks that he had an Autolycean appetite for striking trifles of knowledge. The essay discusses examples of natural knowledge and medical fact in Beckett's writing, along with the names which erupt with juddering specificity into the generalised, frequentative world of repeated actions and nameless entities. The essay argues that, if facts provide meditative consolation, they can also enact something of the aggressive-defensive dissolution of connections identified in W.R. Bion's concept of ‘attacks on linking’. Where for Roland Barthes, arbitrary facts enact a reality effect, giving a legitimating and luxurious kind of surplus to the act of signification, facts in Beckett evoke the capacity of unintelligible ordinariness to interrupt the play of meaning-making. The essay concludes that matters of fact in Beckett are therefore at once mundane and exotic, signalling the insignificant universality of facticity.
A New Mapania Species (Cyperaceae) from Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Shabdin Zinnirah , Kalu Meekiong , Mohd Isa Miraadila
Published: March 2019

Mapania kadimiana Shabdin, Meekiong & Miraadila, a new species from Sarikei Division, Sarawak isdescribed and illustrated. It possesses distinctly 3-ranked leaves with tightly imbricated leaf sheaths anddistinctly dark chocolate brown which closely similar to M. spadicea Uittien. The new species however, isdifferent by having 1-4 spikes in sessile terminal capitulum whereas M. spadicea always has solitary spikes. M.kadimiana occurs lithophytically on rock surface or in damp or wet places on slopes near streams. Recognitionof M. kadimiana increased the total number of Mapania in Sarawak to 32 species.
Application Of The Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (M-PCR) For The Screening Of Vibrio Spp. From Rivers In Kuching, Sarawak
Authors: Vincent Mickey , Tuah Lawrance , Chan Sien Wei Christy , Maurice Bilung Lesley , Apun Kasing
Published: March 2019

The present study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of Vibrio spp. from selected rivers in Kuching,Sarawak (Malaysia) using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (m-PCR). During the 6-month study period,19 samples were collected monthly from 7 rivers, followed by simultaneous detection of three Vibrio spp.,Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus, in a single tube PCR reaction. Three sets ofprimers targeting the thermolabile (tl), outer membrane protein (ompW) and hemolysin/cytolysin genes(vulCulsl) of V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae and V. vulnificus, respectively, were used. The results indicatedthat V. parahaemolyticus was the predominant species, occurring approximately 60.9% throughout thesampling period, followed by V. cholerae (23.1%) and V. vulnificus (16.0%). The months of July andDecember were found to be the months where all three Vibrio spp. were found to be at higher frequencies inthe river samples. Results analyzed also indicated that the rivers with the highest prevalence of the three Vibriospp. were Tambak Sejingkat, followed by Sungai Jernang and Sungai Tabuan. We conclude that m-PCR is apowerful and useful tool for the rapid and simultaneous detection of V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae and V.vulnificus from the riverine environments without the need for isolation and culturing. Furthermore, thismethod is highly specific, and could be applied in diagnostic laboratories for larger scale epidemiologicalinvestigations of Vibrio spp.
Application of Real Time PCR for the Detection and Enumeration of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Seafood in Sarawak (Malaysia)
Authors: Bilung Lesley Maurice , Linang Velnetti , Apun Kasing , Lihan Samuel , Kqueen Cheah Yoke , Vincent Mickey
Published: March 2019

Vibrio parahaemolyticus has been associated as the major cause of food poisoning and gastroenteritis in manycountries including Southeast Asia. Their human infection is regularly associated with the consumption of rawor undercooked seafood and contaminated water supplies. A rapid method of detection is important to monitorthe occurrence of V. parahaemolyticus in both food and environment samples especially in Malaysia. Thus, theaim of this study was to detect and enumerate V. parahaemolyticus from seafood by using the real-time PCRbased on the SYBR green assay. targeting the thermolabile (tl) gene. The assay was applied on 24 seafoodsamples comprised of 6 cockles, 6 prawns, 6 squids and 6 fishes. In this study, all of the six cockles and prawnswere positive for the presence of V. parahaemolyticus while fish samples have only 2 positive isolates.However, this study recorded no presence of V. parahaemolyticus in squids. Overall, the real-time PCR assaywas proven to be highly specific, and is sensitive in detecting and enumerating V. parahaemolyticus in theseafood samples. In addition, this study has proven that seafood (especially cockles and prawns) are potentialsources for V. parahaemolyticus.
A New Marine Nematode Species, Metalinhomoeus ramsarensis (Linhomoeidae Filipjev, 1922) from Kuching Wetland National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Chen Cheng-Ann , Mohd Long Shabdin
Published: March 2019

A new marine nematode species from the genus Metalinhomoeus (de Man, 1907) was found in Kuching Wetland National Park (KWNP). The total body size of Metalinhomoeus ramsarensis sp. nov. was extremely long. The head was recorded to be round with four cephalic setae followed by four sub cephalic setae. The inner and outer labial papillae were not clearly observed. An oesophageal bulb was present at the end of the oesophagus. Spicules were known to have central cuticularized strip. Tail of Metalinhomoeus ramsarensis sp. nov. was short and blunt.
Extra-Ribosomal Functions of the Ribosomal Protein, RPS3 as Predicted by In Silico Analysis
Authors: Sim Edmund Ui-Hang , Er Chin-Ming
Published: March 2019

Products of ribosomal protein (RP) genes have been found to play extra-ribosomal roles that range from DNA repair to RNA splicing. Their association with congenital disorders or cancers has also been widely documented. However, the relatively large number of different RPs, each with perhaps unique biological roles, has compounded the comprehensive elucidation of the physiological functions of each RPs. Experimental functional studies on the many and variegated RPs are labour intensive, time-consuming and costly. Moreover, experimental studies unguided by theoretically insights entail inaccurate results. Therefore, knowledge on the actual roles of these proteins remains largely undefined. A valid alternative is the use of bioinformatics resources to computationally predict functional roles of these biomolecules. Findings from such in silico studies of the RPS3 are reported herein. We reveal an array of possible extra-ribosomal functions that includes regulation of transcription (including via NF-κB-mediated, POK-induced and DNA-dependent), regulation of p53 activities and its stabilisation, inflammatory immune response, modulation of nNOS activities, and anti-oxidative capabilities. Our findings provide computational prediction of de novo extra-ribosomal functions of RPS3. These results will enhance the theoretical basis for designing future experimental studies on elucidating its definitive physiological roles.
The Study of the Reaction of Morpholine with 4-Bromobenzaldehyde in the Presence and Absence of Copper(I) Iodide
Authors: Sivasubramaniam Dorairaaj , Tay Meng Guan
Published: March 2019

This short communication reports the comparison of the reaction between morpholine with 4-bromobenzaldehyde in the condition with and without copper (I) iodide (CuI) as the catalyst. The reactions werecarried out at 110 ºC under reflux condition for 24 hours, and the products were analysed using gaschromatography mass spectroscopy (GCMS). The GC results showed that the conversion of the product withoutCuI catalyst was higher than the reaction with catalyst under the same condition. Side product also was observedin the reaction without catalyst, which is because the morpholine was actually also attacked to the carbon in thecarbonyl group of 4-bromobenzaldehyde to produce 4-bromobenzoic acid morpholide.
A Lab Scale Study on the Effects of Waste Lubricating Oil to Red Tilapia Oreochromis sp. Juveniles
Authors: Hassan Ruhana , Salim Sa'adiah , Ismail Nurul Jannah , Ismail Abdul Razak
Published: March 2019

Waste lubricating oil is defined as used lubricating oil removed from internal combustion engines. Among thesources of this chemical are vehicles, mining, agricultural, industrial and construction equipment. Rapidindustrialisation, urbanisation and increase in volume of transportation have increased environmental risks toaquatic organisms and human health for example improper disposal of waste lubricating oil into environmenthas affect human via bioaccumulation and biomagnification processes, besides direct impact on the aquaticecosystem. A lab scale study was conducted to determine the effect of waste lubricating oil on red tilapiaOreochromis sp. juveniles. In this toxicity test, Oreochromis sp. juveniles were reared in a static system andsubjected to four different concentrations of waste lubricating oil (50 ml/L, 90 ml/L, 120 ml/L and 200 ml/L)and observed for 96 hours. The lethal concentration, LC50 of waste lubricating oil in this study was 91.20 ml/L.There was a significant difference in the effects of waste lubricating oil on the mortality rate of Oreochromis sp.among treatments. Mortality of fish has strong positive correlation with concentration of waste lubricating oiladded to the tanks. Swimming performances of test fish were reduced after 24 hours exposure to waste oillubricants concentrations of 120 and 200 ml/L. Severe inflammation was observed on the kidney tissues ofexposed fish after 96 hours experiment. Overall, water temperature and dissolved oxygen values recorded duringtoxicity test were constant and within the range for optimum values culturing tilapias. However mean pH valuedecreased from 7.19 to 5.33 as the concentrations of waste lubricating oil increased. This study only involvedOreochromis sp. juveniles as test fish; in future, study should also include other fish species. Findings reportedhere is limited to lab scale study, therefore the actual effects of waste lubricating oil deposited in the wildecosystem is still unknown and need further investigations.
Expression of Selected Inflammatory Cytokine Genes in Bladder Biopsies
Authors: Sim Edmund Ui-Hang , Anuar Nur Diana , Ong Teng-Aik , Teh Guan-Chou
Published: March 2019

Besides the deregulation of oncogene and tumour suppressor gene, bladder carcinoma can also be caused byinflammation. To date, the association of inflammatory cytokines with carcinoma of the bladder (especially thetransitional cell carcinomas) is not fully understood. In this study, we report an attempt to examine expressionpatterns of pro- and anti- inflammatory cytokine genes from normal and tumour tissue biopsies of the humanbladder. Our molecular assays involved the use of the GeneXP™ Human Cyto-3 kit and the ReverseTranscription – Polymerase Chain Reaction test. Due to limitation in our experimental process, mainly attributedby inconsistencies in the results obtained between the two assay systems, we cannot reach a conclusionregarding the association of the six selected inflammatory cytokine genes (IL-8, IL-12A, IL-18, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) with bladder carcinoma. However, our data provided early novel evidence of expression offour inflammatory cytokine genes, namely IL-12A, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 in tissues derived from thehuman bladder.
Notes on the Herpetofauna of Kampung Giam, Padawan, Sarawak
Authors: Zainudin Ramlah , Nawan Jennifer Ubung , Elene Marcus Jopony Marcie , Amram Muhammad Fadzil , Nasip Nordianah , Lusat Priscilla Telon , Koon Lim Chan
Published: March 2019

Padawan lies at one of the proposed Sarawak Geopark, yet information on the herpetofauna of the area islimited. A survey was conducted from 16 August 2008 to 24 August 2008 to determine species assemblage andrelative abundance of herpetofauna at Kampung Giam, Padawan. Sampling involved stream and forest transects,quadrat, pitfall and sticky traps at four study sites along Sungai Sewa. A total of 13 species of frogs (62individuals), eight species of lizards (nine individuals) and four species of snake (one individual each) werecaptured. The area was dominated by the family of Ranidae (83.9%), followed by Bufonidae (8%),Dicroglossidae (3.2%), Microhylidae (3.2%) and Megophryidae (1.6%). The most abundant and dominantspecies was Odorrana hosii, with 36 individuals caught. In addition three endemic Bornean frogs namelyLimnonectes leporinus, Meristogenys phaeomerus and Meristogenys orphnocnemis were also captured in thisstudy, which account for 33.33% endemism. The reptiles caught, on the other hand, were relatively low withonly 12 species and 13 individuals captured. Nevertheless this study provides an increment of Sarawak faunaldatabase for conservation management of Bornean fauna as well as the Sarawak Geopark.
Solubilization of Oleic Acid by Myrj 59 Surfactant
Authors: Mohd Pauzan Amira Satirawaty Bt , Aziz Madzlan
Published: March 2019

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is one of the sources of contamination in effluent that leads to problems such asclogging in drainpipes and sewer lines. POME discharge consists of high content of free fatty acids (FFAs) aswell as high concentration of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand and suspendedsolids. FFAs in effluent are not favorable due to low water solubility and resistant to biodegradation whenprecipitated from effluent and binds to soil limiting their bioavailability to microorganisms for biodegradation.Nonionic surfactants are favorable as hydrocarbon or oil solubilizer because they can perform at lowtemperatures, has low-foaming characteristics and relatively stable at high temperatures and under harshchemical conditions. Therefore, there is a need for the usage of surfactant that is biodegradable and at the sametime effective at solubilizing FFAs in POME before being released to streams. Thus, FFAs will be keptmobilized and readily available for biodegradation by microorganisms. Oleic acid is a long chain free fatty acidpresents as the major fatty acid component (40-52 %w/w) in palm oil. Oleic acid was selected for solubilizationby biodegradable nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene (100) stearate with the commercial name Myrj 59. Thesolubilizations were conducted with various concentrations of Myrj 59; below, at and above the critical micelleconcentration (CMC). The amount solubilized was determined by gas chromatography (GC) using flameionization detector (FID) technique. The solubilization process was confirmed by characterizing the solubilizedoil using Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) to observe changes in chemical bonds. Highest solubilization wasachieved with Myrj 59 solution at above its CMC, solubilizing 516.31 ppm oleic acid. The FTIR spectra showedstrong peak at 2927 cm-1 with high intensity suggesting intermolecular hydrogen bonding between oleic acid andethylene oxide (EO) groups of surfactant.
Complexation of Bis-2-(benzylideneamino)Phenol to Cobalt(II) and Zinc(II), and their Spectroscopic Studies
Authors: Tay Meng Guan , Ngaini Zainab , Mohd Arif Maya Asyikin , Sarih Norazilawati Muhamad , Khairul Wan M. , Lau Siu Ping Lau , Enggie Emelia
Published: March 2019

A bis-Schiff base of bis-2-(benzylideneamino)phenol (SB1) was synthesized via condensation reaction ofterephthaldehyde and 2-aminophenol in ethanol. SB1 was then reacted with respective MX2 salt (M = Co & Zn,X = Cl & OAc) in the ligand to metal ratio of 1:2 under refluxing condition in ethanolic KOH solution for sixhours. All synthesized complexes were characterized using FT-IR and UV-vis spectroscopy. The formation ofcomplexes with Co and Zn was indicated by the shifts observed from the IR peaks and λmax of the UV absorptionbands for the C=N bond. The IR peak at 1621 cm-1 in SB1 was shifted to around 1638 and 1619 cm-1 afterforming its complexes with Co and Zn, respectively. The absorption band of C=N bond was blue shifted fromλmax of 384 nm to 307 nm in Co(II) complex, whereas this band was red-shifted to 389 nm in the Zn(II) complex.Therefore, SB1 was confirmed to coordinate with the Co(II) and Zn(II) metal centres via the imine nitrogen.
COMPARATIVE DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY OF BATS FROM SELECTED LOCALITIES IN SARAWAK
Authors: Kumaran Jayaraj Vijaya , Ketol Besar , Marni Wahap , Sait Isa , Mortada Mohamad Jalani , Anwarali Khan Faisal Ali , Har Fong Pooi , Hall Leslie S. , Abdullah Mohd Tajuddin
Published: March 2019

Surveys on the chiropteran diversity were conducted at eight different localities in Sarawak to document the bat diversity as well as to estimate the composition of bats in these areas. The major finding of bat surveys shows that montane areas have distinct chiropteran composition compared with those in lowland and logged areas. Disturbed habitats do pose a threat to the overall diversity of bats, with the generalist bats been more successful in colonising altered area than those with specialised habitat requirements. Sampling of bats targeted at different site and vegetation type from several protected areas in Sarawak have revealed the current record of bats in Sarawak and its diversity can be monitored for better management of biodiversity in this important region.
CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION STUDY OF Tor douronensis AND Tor tambroides USING MICROSATELLITES FROM OTHER CYPRINIDS
Authors: Esa Yuzine B. , Shiraj Siti Shapor , Rahim Kahirul Adha A. , Daud Siti Khalijah , Chong Ho Gim , Guan Tan Soon
Published: March 2019

This study examined twenty six microsatellite primers developed from three cyprinid fishes (Cyprinus carpio, Barbus barbus and Barbonymus gonionotus) in two indigenous mahseer, Tor douronensis and T. tambroides. A total of 10 (38%) and 12 (46%) primers were successfully amplified producing four and five polymorphic loci in T. douronensis and T. tambroides, respectively. The number of alleles per locus ranging from 2 to 5 and 2 to 7 in T. douronensis and T. tambroides, respectively. A significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was observed at three loci (Barb37, Barb59 and Barb62) in one or more populations in T. tambroides while two loci (Barb37 and Barb62) were deviated in T. douronensis population of Batang Ai. Bayesian cluster analysis performed with STRUCTURE showed that the most likely K value identified was K = 2 with no evidence of population substructuring, similar to those identified by the UPGMA dendrogram. The low genetic distances among populations were also supported by low interpopulation genetic differences (FST) among pairwise populations in both mahseer. Overall, the identified microsatellite loci exhibit promise for use in fine scale population structure analysis of T. douronensis and T. tambroides natural populations.
FECUNDITY OF BLUE SWIMMING CRAB, Portunus pelagicus LINNAEUS, 1758 FROM SEMATAN FISHING DISTRICT, SARAWAK COASTAL WATER OF SOUTH CHINA SEA
Authors: Abdullah@Polity Ikhwanuddin , Muhamad Juariah Hafsya , Mohd Long Shabdin , Bolong Abol-Munafi Ambok
Published: March 2019

A total of 57 pieces of ovigerous females were sampled through the study period of 14 months from the commercial catches that were made at the Sematan Fishing District, Sarawak coastal water. These ovigerous females were used to determine the crab fecundity through mean number of egg per crab. The present study shows that the mean number of egg is 2,132,924 with mean egg size (volume) 9.3×10-6 ml and mean egg size (diameter) 383.6 μm measured using volumetric sub sampling. Fecundity was significantly related to crab size with larger crabs producing a greater number of eggs through linear regression of the fecundity – carapace width relationship. The fecundity-carapace width relationship for P. pelagicus was estimated as follows; y = 106804x + 375319 (R2=0.0229; n=57). The study shows that the egg size is significantly larger (P < 0.05) as the eggs nearly about to hatch which is black in colour.
The Isolation and Characterization of Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. from Intestine of a Malaysian Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Tengku Abdul Hamid Tengku Haziyamin , Mazlan Farhaneen Afzal
Published: March 2019

The isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from the intestine of Oryctolagus cuniculus, a domestic rabbit species in Malaysia is described. Fifty isolates from rabbit intestine were screened by biochemical tests. From 50 isolates, four were identified and shown to be catalase-positive, lactose positive and Gram-positive cocci. Antibacterial assays were carried out against Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis as indicator bacteria. The samples exhibited antibacterial properties as indicated by zone of inhibitions. Three isolates were further subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and analysis. Partial 16S rRNA sequencing results from these isolates showed high sequence similarity with coagulase negative Staphylococcus sp. This result showed that by screening of LAB from rabbit intestine, bacteria from the family Staphylococcaceae could be isolated and this could be potentially used as probiotics in rabbit feeding.