bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of COVID-19 post-infection on the cognition of adults from Peru
Authors: Zegarra-Valdivia Jonathan , Arana-Nombera Harold , Perez-Fernandez Leandro , Alamo-Medina Reyna , Casimiro Milagros del Rocío , Bustamante-Delgado Diana , Matallana-Sanchez Maribel , Gallegos-Manayay Viviana , Álvarez-Bravo Elizabeth , Arteaga-Cancino Tihany , Abanto-Saldaña Eduardo , Oliva-Piscoya María del Rosario , Cruz-Ordinola María Celinda , Chavarry Patricia , Chino-Vilca Brenda , Paredes-Manrique Carmen , Chirinos Carlos , Custodio Nilton , Ibañez Agustín
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic, with over 83 million confirmed cases and 1.8 million deaths, has raised concerns about long-term cognitive issues, especially in populations facing disparities. Despite a few years since Peru’s first COVID-19 wave, the cognitive effects on adults remain unclear. This study is the first in Peru to explore COVID-19’s impact on general cognition and executive function.

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional study compared individuals with COVID-19 history to controls, assessing general cognition, verbal fluency, attention, and executive function. Among 240 assessed, 154 met the study inclusion criteria, with about 60% female and an average age of 38.89 ± 16.001 years. Groups included controls (n = 42), acute phase (AP, n = 74) (1–14 days of symptoms), and hyperinflammatory phase (HP, n = 38) (>14 days of symptoms).

Results

Significant cognitive differences were observed. The HP group exhibited lower general cognitive performance (p = 0.02), working memory (p = 0.01), and executive function (planning; p < 0.001; flexibility; p = 0.03) than controls. Those with <14 days of illness (AP vs. HP) had deficits in general cognitive performance (p = 0.02), working memory (p = 0.02), and planning (p < 0.001), mainly during the hyperinflammatory phase, showing differences in working memory (p = 0.003) and planning (p = 0.01). Gender differences emerged, with males in the HP phase having poorer working memory (p = 0.003) and planning (p = 0.01).

Discussion

This study underscores COVID-19’s negative impact on cognitive function, even in mild cases, with potential heightened effects in men during acute or hyperinflammatory phases. The findings provide Peru’s first evidence, highlighting the vulnerability of populations facing socioeconomic disparities.
The relationship between self-oriented perfectionism and exercise participation: based on the dualistic model of passion
Authors: Zhang Weipeng , Zhu Yuanjiao , Jiang Feng , Song Huitao
Published: June 2024

Background

During the critical formative years of college, active participation in sports not only helps to alleviate stress, but also promotes the development of healthy habits. Although the multifaceted benefits of exercise have been widely recognized, there is a relative dearth of research on the relationship between personality traits, particularly college students’ self-oriented perfectionism (SOP), and exercise participation.

Methods

A questionnaire survey of 374 college students was conducted using the snowball sampling method. SPSS 26.0 and Mplus 8.3 were employed in this study to analyze the correlations between the variables, and on this basis, the effect of SOP on exercise participation was examined. The study also used 5,000 bootstrap samples and a 95% bias-corrected confidence interval to test the significance of the mediating effects.

Results

Correlation analysis showed that SOP was positively correlated with exercise participation. Harmonious passion and obsessive passion were positively correlated with SOP, and exercise participation. Further, the results of structural equation analysis revealed that SOP increased exercise participation. Harmonious passion and obsessive passion positively mediated the effect between SOP and exercise participation, respectively.

Conclusion

This study provides new perspectives to better understand college students’ exercise participation, emphasizing the importance of SOP and its influence on exercise participation through harmonious and obsessive passions. These findings have important implications for the development of effective exercise promotion strategies.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of Chinese coach leadership and athlete satisfaction and cohesion
Authors: Zhu Jian , Wang Meng , Cruz Angelita Bautista , Kim Hyun-Duck
Published: June 2024

Introduction

This meta-analysis investigates the relationship between coach leadership behaviors and athlete satisfaction and group cohesion within the realm of Chinese sports. The study also explores player sex and player classification as potential moderating variables. The primary focus is on evaluating the impact of coaching behaviors, as measured by the Leadership Scale for Sports, on athlete satisfaction and group cohesion.

Methods

Standard literature searches from China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang academic databases produced 26 studies encompassing a total of 319 effect sizes and a participant pool of 7,121 athletes across various sports.

Results

Using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) to examine relevant data, results reveal a moderate and positive association between coach leadership and athlete satisfaction (ES = 0.412). Specifically, training and instruction (ES = 0.531), positive feedback (ES = 0.526), social support, and democratic decision-making exhibit positive effects, while autocratic behavior demonstrates a marginal positive effect. Similarly, a moderate positive relationship is identified between coach leadership and overall group cohesion (ES = 0.275), with training and instruction (ES = 0.396), social support (ES = 0.356), positive feedback, and democratic behavior positively influencing cohesion. Conversely, autocratic behavior has a small negative impact on cohesion. Furthermore, female athletes (ES = 0.603) and professional players (ES = 0.544) display stronger positive associations between coach leadership and satisfaction.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the significance of diverse coaching behaviors aligned with player characteristics for fostering positive athlete satisfaction and group cohesion within the Chinese sports context, offering valuable guidance to Chinese coaches aiming to enhance their coaching strategies.
Stress in Chinese teachers who teach the mathematically gifted: a qualitative perspective
Authors: Lv Sunzhong , He Yijie , Xiong Bin , Wu Yuchi
Published: June 2024

Those who teach mathematically gifted high school students play a key role in both their identification and cultivation. Teachers who teach the Mathematical Olympiad in China work long hours and teach difficult content; they are under a significant amount of work-based pressure, and that is worthy of further study. This study analyzed the sources of stress for 33 Chinese teachers who teach the Mathematical Olympiad, collected data through semi-structured in-depth interviews, and adopted a subject analysis method based on Bronfenbrenner’s ecological system that considers the influences that the complexity of socio-cultural and environment have on individual emotions. It is divided into five structural or environmental systems in which human beings develop, namely the macroscopic, external, meso, micro, and chrono systems. The research results show that the greatest influences on these teachers’ stress come from the mesosystem and microsystem levels, and that the key players are students and school leaders. Educational policy and culture are found to be key factors from the macrosystem. Overall, long-term stress was seen to affect both teachers’ moods and their physical health. Finally, the results offered implications for education policy and school management and suggestions for the cultivation and management of mathematics teachers who teach the gifted. Limitations of the study are discussed, and directions for future research are proposed.
The role of health mediation in investigation of Hantavirus cases among informal settlements inhabitants of Cayenne area, French Guiana, 2022–2023
Authors: Oberlis Margot , Guyot Marion , Le Turnier Paul , Carvalho Luisiane , Succo Tiphanie , Rousset Dominique , De Thoisy Benoit , Gaillet Mélanie , Lavergne Anne , Vandentorren Stéphanie , Epelboin Loïc
Published: June 2024

Context

In 2022, four severe cases of Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) were reported in patients from informal settlements around Cayenne, the main city in French Guiana. Regional Health Agency (RHA) was commissioned by the French Public Health Agency to estimate the seroprevalence of Hantavirus infections in the neighborhoods of confirmed cases of HPS. RHA then commissioned the French Red Cross (FRC) mobile public health team, providing support in environmental health issues to the population living in informal settlements by health mediators, to facilitate the investigation. The objective of this study was to describe the health mediators' activities set up to improve the efficiency of the investigation.

Methods

The health mediators' team was specifically trained by virologist and infectiologist specialized in HPS. They helped the investigating team and health workers at various steps of the investigation. These interventions are then described in the results section.

Results

The investigation took place between Nov. 2022 and March 2023 in three neighborhoods. During the pre-investigation activities, the mediators raised awareness about HPS of 343 people, among whom 319 (93%) planned to participate in the investigation. Altogether, 274 people finally participated in the investigation, including, i.e., 30.8% of the estimated population living in the three concerned settlements. The global proportion of patients with positive IgG anti-Hantavirus was 5.1%. The health mediators team supported the following steps: preliminary meetings and training modules, identification of resource persons, field visits and awareness and information campaigns (pre-investigation); on field data collection in informal settlements (per-investigation) and communication of individual results, public feedback meeting (post-investigation).

Discussion/Conclusion

The involvement of mediators was probably a factor in the success of the public health response to socially vulnerable people living in the investigated neighborhoods. The preliminary prevention activities helped to raise awareness of the health risk and to enroll participants. Health mediation and outreach activities seem relevant tools of epidemiological field investigations in diseases affecting inhabitants of informal settlements.
Investigating the relationships between motor skills, cognitive status, and area deprivation index in Arizona: a pilot study
Authors: Hooten Madeline , Ortega Marcus , Oyeyemi Adewale , Yu Fang , Ofori Edward
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Previous studies highlight the negative impact of adverse socioeconomic conditions throughout life on motor skills and cognitive health. Factors such as cognitive activity, physical activity, lifestyle, and socioeconomic position significantly affect general health status and brain health. This pilot study investigates the relationships among the Area Deprivation Index (ADI)—a measure of neighborhood-level socioeconomic deprivation, brain structure (cortical volume and thickness), and cognitive status in adults in Arizona. Identifying measures sensitive to ADI could elucidate mechanisms driving cognitive decline.

Methods

The study included 22 adults(mean age = 56.2 ± 15.2) in Arizona, residing in the area for over 10 years(mean = 42.7 ± 15.8). We assessed specific cognitive domains using the NeuroTrax™ cognitive screening test, which evaluates memory, executive function, visual–spatial processing, attention, information processing speed, and motor function. We also measured cortical thickness and volume in 10 cortical regions using FreeSurfer 7.2. Linear regression tests were conducted to examine the relationships between ADI metrics, cognitive status, and brain health measures.

Results

Results indicated a significant inverse relationship between ADI metrics and memory scores, explaining 25% of the variance. Both national and state ADI metrics negatively correlated with motor skills and global cognition (r’s < −0.40, p’s < 0.05). In contrast, ADI metrics generally positively correlated with motor-related volumetric and cortical thickness measures (r’s > 0.40, p’s < 0.05).

Conclusion

The findings suggest that neighborhood-level social deprivation might influence memory and motor status, primarily through its impact on motor brain health.
Investigating the effects of cytokine biomarkers on HIV incidence: a case study for individuals randomized to pre-exposure prophylaxis vs. control
Authors: Ogutu Sarah , Mohammed Mohanad , Mwambi Henry
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Understanding and identifying the immunological markers and clinical information linked with HIV acquisition is crucial for effectively implementing Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV acquisition. Prior analysis on HIV incidence outcomes have predominantly employed proportional hazards (PH) models, adjusting solely for baseline covariates. Therefore, models that integrate cytokine biomarkers, particularly as time-varying covariates, are sorely needed.

Methods

We built a simple model using the Cox PH to investigate the impact of specific cytokine profiles in predicting the overall HIV incidence. Further, Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare HIV incidence rates between the treatment and placebo groups while assessing the overall treatment effectiveness. Utilizing stepwise regression, we developed a series of Cox PH models to analyze 48 longitudinally measured cytokine profiles. We considered three kinds of effects in the cytokine profile measurements: average, difference, and time-dependent covariate. These effects were combined with baseline covariates to explore their influence on predictors of HIV incidence.

Results

Comparing the predictive performance of the Cox PH models developed using the AIC metric, model 4 (Cox PH model with time-dependent cytokine) outperformed the others. The results indicated that the cytokines, interleukin (IL-2, IL-3, IL-5, IL-10, IL-16, IL-12P70, and IL-17 alpha), stem cell factor (SCF), beta nerve growth factor (B-NGF), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-A), interferon (IFN) alpha-2, serum stem cell growth factor (SCG)-beta, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), and cutaneous T-cell-attracting chemokine (CTACK) were significantly associated with HIV incidence. Baseline predictors significantly associated with HIV incidence when considering cytokine effects included: age of oldest sex partner, age at enrollment, salary, years with a stable partner, sex partner having any other sex partner, husband's income, other income source, age at debut, years lived in Durban, and sex in the last 30 days.

Discussion

Overall, the inclusion of cytokine effects enhanced the predictive performance of the models, and the PrEP group exhibited reduced HIV incidences compared to the placebo group.
Association of increased participation in social activity in later life with risk of all-cause mortality and heart diseases in older people: results from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS)
Authors: Wang Ziqiong , Chen Changchun , Ruan Haiyan , He Sen
Published: June 2024

Background

Previous studies have shown social activity is associated with reduced risk of health outcomes. However, among older people (≥65 years) who were socially inactive at baseline, limited study explored whether increased participation in social activity in later life was associated with reduced risk of health outcomes; therefore, using the data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, the study was performed.

Methods

The study outcomes were 10-year all-cause mortality (sample number = 9,984) and 10-year heart diseases (sample number = 7,496). The exposure was the change of social activity frequency. Cox regression analysis was used for data analysis.

Results

During the follow-up, there were 6,407 all-cause mortalities and 1,035 heart diseases, respectively. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that cumulative incidences of all-cause mortality were significantly lower in participants with changes into more frequent social activity (log-rank p < 0.001), while no significant difference was observed for heart diseases (log-rank p = 0.330). Compared with the subgroup who never participated in social activity at baseline, adjusted HRs of all-cause mortality were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70–0.90, p < 0.001), 0.78 (95% CI: 0.63–0.96, p = 0.019), 0.74 (0.59–0.92, p = 0.006), and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.56–0.88, p = 0.002) for the subgroup of switching to sometimes, the subgroup of switching to once a month, the subgroup of switching to once a week, and the subgroup of switching to everyday, respectively. The corresponding HRs of heart diseases were 0.83 (95% CI: 0.65–1.08, p = 0.170), 0.82 (95% CI: 0.51–1.31, p = 0.412), 0.91 (0.58–1.42, p = 0.675) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.47–1.20, p = 0.227), respectively. Stratified and sensitivity analyses revealed similar results.

Conclusion

Among older people who never participated in social activity, increased participation in social activity in later life was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality, but was not associated with reduced risk of heart diseases.
Conservation Imperatives: securing the last unprotected terrestrial sites harboring irreplaceable biodiversity
Authors: Dinerstein Eric , Joshi Anup R. , Hahn Nathan R. , Lee Andy T. L. , Vynne Carly , Burkart Karl , Asner Gregory P. , Beckham Charlotte , Ceballos Gerardo , Cuthbert Richard , Dirzo Rodolfo , Fankem Oliver , Hertel Sarah , Li Binbin V. , Mellin Haley , Pharand-Deschênes Félix , Olson David , Pandav Bivash , Peres Carlos A. , Putra Rudi , Rosenthal Amy , Verwer Caspar , Wikramanayake Eric , Zolli Andrew
Published: June 2024

Ambitious biodiversity goals to protect 30% or more of the Earth’s surface by 2030 (30x30) require strategic near-term targets. To define areas that must be protected to prevent the most likely and imminent extinctions, we propose Conservation Imperatives—16,825 unprotected sites spanning ~164 Mha of the terrestrial realm that harbor rare and threatened species. We estimate that protecting the Conservation Imperatives would cost approximately US$169 billion (90% probability: US$146—US$228 billion). Globally, 38% of the 16,825 sites are either adjacent to or within 2.5 km of an existing protected area, potentially reducing land acquisition and management costs. These sites should be prioritized for conservation action over the next 5 years as part of a broader strategy to expand the global protected area network. The expansion of global protected areas between 2018 and 2023 incorporated only 7% of sites harboring range-limited and threatened species, highlighting a renewed urgency to conserve these habitats. Permanently protecting only 0.74% of land found in the tropics, where Conservation Imperatives are concentrated, could prevent the majority of predicted near-term extinctions once adequately resourced. We estimate this cost to be from US$29 billion to US$46 billion per year over the next 5 years. Multiple approaches will be required to meet long-term protection goals: providing rights and titles to Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs) conserving traditional lands, government designation of new protected areas on federal and state lands, and land purchase or long-term leasing of privately held lands.
Nutritional, economic, social, and governance implications of traditional food markets for vulnerable populations in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic narrative review
Authors: Cook Brian , Trevenen-Jones Ann , Sivasubramanian Bhavna
Published: June 2024

Traditional food markets in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are pivotal urban spaces, especially for vulnerable populations. These markets are vibrant hubs for commerce, cultural exchange, and social interaction, yet they face challenges such as food safety issues, inadequate infrastructure, and regulation that is a complex mix of informal mechanisms in need of a balanced degree of formalization. Rapid urbanization in SSA and the vulnerabilities of informal settlements underline their enduring importance. The COVID-19 pandemic further highlighted their crucial role in promoting food access, supporting local economies, and preserving social connections during crises. However, a comprehensive understanding of their multifaceted impact on urban life remains limited. This study provides a systematic narrative literature review with the aims of mapping the existing literature and evaluating their complex impact on vulnerable communities. The review employed a systematic search strategy, encompassing research studies and gray literature. It highlights the geographic distribution of studies across SSA, with a concentration in East and Southern Africa. Nutrition is the most explored theme, followed by governance, with economics and social aspects relatively under examined. Traditional food markets are vital sources of affordable food for the urban poor and serve as pillars of economic mobility, providing livelihoods and employment opportunities, especially for women, and act as hubs for diverse groups to interact. Market governance is complex, often marked by policy misalignments due to insufficient collaboration among stakeholders. Policy initiatives to support traditional food markets in SSA should focus on formalization and context-aware regulations to enhance efficiency and vendor security, investment in market-related infrastructure, and nutrition-focused policies and economic support for vendors. Further research is needed to bridge thematic and regional gaps, and to inform evidence-based policy measures to support these vital urban institutions.
Computational image analysis of distortion, sharpness, and depth of field in a next-generation hybrid exoscopic and microsurgical operative platform
Authors: Park Wonhyoung , Abramov Irakliy , On Thomas J. , Xu Yuan , Castillo Andrea L. , Gonzalez-Romo Nicolas I. , Guckler Roland , Preul Mark C.
Published: June 2024

Objective

The development of surgical microscope-associated cameras has given rise to a new operating style embodied by hybrid microsurgical and exoscopic operative systems. These platforms utilize specialized camera systems to visualize cranial neuroanatomy at various depths. Our study aims to understand how different camera settings in a novel hybrid exoscope system influence image quality in the context of neurosurgical procedures.

Methods

We built an image database using captured cadaveric dissection images obtained with a prototype version of a hybrid (microsurgical/exoscopic) operative platform. We performed comprehensive 4K-resolution image capture using 76 camera settings across three magnification levels and two working distances. Computer algorithms such as structural similarity (SSIM) and mean squared error (MSE) were used to measure image distortion across different camera settings. We utilized a Laplacian filter to compute the overall sharpness of the acquired images. Additionally, a monocular depth estimation deep learning model was used to examine the image's capability to visualize the depth of deeper structures accurately.

Results

A total of 1,368 high-resolution pictures were captured. The SSIM index ranged from 0.63 to 0.85. The MSE was nearly zero for all image batches. It was determined that the exoscope could accurately detect both the sharpness and depth based on the Laplacian filter and depth maps, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that users can utilize the full range of camera settings available on the exoscope, including adjustments to aperture, color saturation, contrast, sharpness, and brilliance, without introducing significant image distortions relative to the standard mode.

Conclusion

The evolution of the camera incorporated into a surgical microscope enables exoscopic visualization during cranial base surgery. Our result should encourage surgeons to take full advantage of the exoscope's extensive range of camera settings to match their personal preferences or specific clinical requirements of the surgical scenario. This places the exoscope as an invaluable asset in contemporary surgical practice, merging high-definition imaging with ergonomic design and adaptable operability.
Comparative transcriptomics analysis on Senecavirus A-infected and non-infected cells
Authors: Li Yan , Chu Huanhuan , Jiang Yujia , Li Ziwei , Wang Jie , Liu Fuxiao
Published: June 2024

Senecavirus A (SVA) is an emerging virus that causes the vesicular disease in pigs, clinically indistinguishable from other high consequence vesicular diseases. This virus belongs to the genus Senecavirus in the family Picornaviridae. Its genome is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA, approximately 7,300 nt in length, with a 3′ poly(A) tail but without 5′-end capped structure. SVA can efficiently propagate in different cells, including some non-pig-derived cell lines. A wild-type SVA was previously rescued from its cDNA clone using reverse genetics in our laboratory. In the present study, the BSR-T7/5 cell line was inoculated with the passage-5 SVA. At 12 h post-inoculation, SVA-infected and non-infected cells were independently collected for the analysis on comparative transcriptomics. The results totally showed 628 differentially expressed genes, including 565 upregulated and 63 downregulated ones, suggesting that SVA infection significantly stimulated the transcription initiation in cells. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses demonstrated that SVA exerted multiple effects on immunity-related pathways in cells. Furthermore, the RNA sequencing data were subjected to other in-depth analyses, such as the single-nucleotide polymorphism, transcription factors, and protein–protein interactions. The present study, along with our previous proteomics and metabolomics researches, provides a multi-omics insight into the interaction between SVA and its hosts.
Gait analysis among patients with quadriceps weakness after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction post 9 months
Authors: Imran Ansa , Tariq Hufsa , Faisal Somia , Asim Hafiz Muhammad
Published: June 2024

Background: One of the most frequent musculoskeletal injuries in young adults is anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) damage. Following ACL reconstruction, there have been reports of changes in the lower extremity joints' kinematics and kinetics, including decreased knee ROM during the stance and swing phases of walking and weakened knee joint flexor and extensor muscles.
Objective: To analyze the gait parameter among patients with Quadriceps weakness after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR) post 9 months.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 143 soccer players with age range of 18-39 years, who had unilateral ACL rupture managed through arthroscopic-assisted ACLR Endo-button procedure post 9 months. Written informed consent from the participants was taken before data collection. Observational gait analysis (OGA) with 66 check-off option is used to identify the gait deviations among the patients.
Results: In ankle during the weight acceptance phase, inadequate dorsiflexion (36.4%) and plantar flexion (23.8%) were reported; during single limb support, early heel off was (4.2%) and inadequate dorsiflexion (44.1%) and during single limb advancement, toe drag was (18.2%) and inadequate dorsiflexion (65%). In knee during the weight acceptance phase, inadequate extension (59.4%) and flexion (16.1%) were reported; during single limb support.
Conclusion: OGA revealed gait deviations as inadequate dorsiflexion, inadequate extension, and inadequate flexion due to eccentric loss of quadriceps widely after ACL reconstruction post 9 months.
Association of stress and sleep quality among the health sciences students: An analytical study
Authors: Razaq Rameeza , Babar Eman , Sajjad Rafsha , Yousaf Qandeel , Mahmood Tahir
Published: June 2024

Background: Stress termed as a state of both mental and physical tension and sleep quality defined as how well an individual sleeps, stress and sleep quality regarded as significant physical and mental health determinants.
Objectives: To determine frequency of stress and sleep quality and to determine association between stress and sleep quality among health sciences students of Sialkot.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted after ethical approval on a sample of 264 students in Sialkot. A convenient sampling approach was utilized. The sample was gathered from private medical colleges of Sialkot having undergraduate health sciences students. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was employed to assess the levels of stress in students and Pittsburg sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used for student's sleep quality. The Data was analyzed through SPSS software, version 22. Chi-square test was used (p-value ≤0.05 was considered significant).
Results: Study comprised of 264 undergraduates having a mean age of 20.82±1.34 including 224 (84.4%) females and 40 (15.2%) males. Study showed high prevalence of stress and poor sleep quality with statistically significant association (p=0.027). Majority of students were experiencing poor sleep quality 232 (87.9%). 15 (5.7%) participants had low stress, 191 (72.3%) students were at the level of moderate stress and 58 (22%) were at severe stress level due to bad sleep quality.
Conclusion: The study concluded that there was high frequency of stress and poor sleep quality with significant association between stress and sleep quality but no significant association with demographics in targeted health sciences undergraduate students in Sialkot.
A Simple Curvature-Based Backward Path-Tracking Control for a Mobile Robot with N Trailers
Authors: Zhao Tianrui , Huang Weining , Xu Pengjie , Zhang Wei , Li Peixing , Zhao Yanzheng
Published: June 2024

This paper introduces a two-tier feedback control law for the path tracking of a mobile robot equipped with N on-axle trailers. Initially, through a recursive design process, the curvature-tracking challenge is converted into stabilizing the joint angles at predefined reference values. This design approach is straightforward and can be easily extended to configurations with multiple trailers. Using input-to-state stability analysis, we demonstrate the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system, which is structured in cascade form. Furthermore, we reformulate the path-tracking problem as a curvature-planning challenge and propose an algorithm to determine the desired curvature for the tail trailer. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of this novel algorithm in truck-trailer systems.
Utilizing Electronic Resistance Measurement for Tailoring Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Formulations
Authors: Seidl Christoph , Thieme Sören , Frey Martin , Nikolowski Kristian , Michaelis Alexander
Published: June 2024

Cathode formulation, which describes the amount of cathode active material (CAM), conductive additives (CAs), and binder within a cathode compound, is decisive for the performance metrics of lithium-ion battery (LIB) cells. The direct measurement of electronic resistance can be an enabler for more time- and cost-efficient cathode formulation improvements. Within this work, we correlate the electronic resistance with the electrochemical performance of cathodes. Two different high Nickel NCM cathode materials and numerous CAs are used to validate the findings. A detailed look into the resistance reduction potential of carbon black (CB) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and their mixtures is made. Finally, an impact estimation of cathode formulation changes on LIB key performance factors, such as energy density and cost, is shown.
Optimal Battery Energy Storage Dispatch for the Day-Ahead Electricity Market
Authors: Gonzalez-Saenz Julio , Becerra Victor
Published: June 2024

This work presents an innovative application of optimal control theory to the strategic scheduling of battery storage in the day-ahead electricity market, focusing on enhancing profitability while factoring in battery degradation. This study incorporates the effects of battery degradation on the dynamics in the optimisation framework. Considering this cost in economic analysis and operational strategies is essential to optimise long-term performance and economic viability. Neglecting degradation costs can lead to suboptimal operation and dispatch strategies. We employ a continuous-time representation of the dynamics, in contrast with many other studies that use a discrete-time approximation with rather coarse intervals. We adopt an equivalent circuit model coupled with empirical degradation parameters to simulate a battery cell’s behaviour and degradation mechanisms with good support from experimental data. Utilising direct collocation methods with mesh refinement allows for precise numerical solutions to the complex, nonlinear dynamics involved. Through a detailed case study of Belgium’s day-ahead electricity market, we determine the optimal charging and discharging schedules under varying objectives: maximising net revenues, maximising profits considering capacity degradation, and maximising profits considering both capacity degradation and internal resistance increase due to degradation. The results demonstrate the viability of our approach and underscore the significance of integrating degradation costs into the market strategy for battery operators, alongside its effects on the battery’s dynamic behaviour. Our methodology extends previous work by offering a more comprehensive model that empirically captures the intricacies of battery degradation, including a fine and adaptive time domain representation, focusing on the day-ahead market, and utilising accurate direct methods for optimal control. This paper concludes with insights into the potential of optimal control applications in energy markets and suggestions for future research avenues.
Thymus in Cardiometabolic Impairments and Atherosclerosis: Not a Silent Player?
Authors: Kologrivova Irina V. , Naryzhnaya Natalia V. , Suslova Tatiana E.
Published: June 2024

The thymus represents a primary organ of the immune system, harboring the generation and maturation of T lymphocytes. Starting from childhood, the thymus undergoes involution, being replaced with adipose tissue, and by an advanced age nearly all the thymus parenchyma is represented by adipocytes. This decline of thymic function is associated with compromised maturation and selection of T lymphocytes, which may directly impact the development of inflammation and induce various autoinflammatory disorders, including atherosclerosis. For a long time, thymus health in adults has been ignored. The process of adipogenesis in thymus and impact of thymic fat on cardiometabolism remains a mysterious process, with many issues being still unresolved. Meanwhile, thymus functional activity has a potential to be regulated, since islets of thymopoeisis remain in adults even at an advanced age. The present review describes the intricate process of thymic adipose involution, focusing on the issues of the thymus’ role in the development of atherosclerosis and metabolic health, tightly interconnected with the state of vessels. We also review the recent information on the key molecular pathways and biologically active substances that may be targeted to manipulate both thymic function and atherosclerosis.
Efficacy of Photobiomodulation Therapy in Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Godaert Lidvine , Dramé Moustapha
Published: June 2024

Background: The aim was to determine whether there is any available evidence on the efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in older adults. Methods: A literature search was performed including all articles published up to February 2024. Studies reporting data on PBMT in older adults were included. This study was registered with PROSPERO. Results: In total, 406 studies were identified. After eliminating duplicates and irrelevant studies, 10 records were included in the final review. In all included studies, the protocols used to deliver PBMT were different in terms of type of device, wavelength, irradiation duration, and pulse frequency. In neurodegenerative diseases, two studies reported non-significant results, while two studies reported efficacy of PBMT. In wounds and ulcers, two out of three studies reported efficacy of PBMT. In macular degeneration, one study reported efficacy of PBMT. One study on hyposalivation reported efficacy of PBMT. Conclusion: PBMT appears to be a promising complementary treatment. All studies reported good compliance and safety throughout the treatment. In the future, it will be essential to harmonize PBMT parameters. Further studies are warranted to define the best indications, the most effective protocols, and the right population to target for use in routine practice.
Exploring the Dimensions of Pre-Clinical Research: 3D Cultures as an Investigative Model of Cardiac Fibrosis in Chagas Disease
Authors: Seydel Clara Monteiro , Gonzaga Beatriz Matheus de Souza , Coelho Laura Lacerda , Garzoni Luciana Ribeiro
Published: June 2024

A three-dimensional (3D) cell culture can more precisely mimic tissues architecture and functionality, being a promising alternative model to study disease pathophysiology and drug screening. Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected parasitosis that affects 7 million people worldwide. Trypanosoma cruzi’s (T. cruzi) mechanisms of invasion/persistence continue to be elucidated. Benznidazole (BZ) and Nifurtimox (NF) are trypanocidal drugs with few effects on the clinical manifestations of the chronic disease. Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) is the main manifestation of CD due to its frequency and severity. The development of fibrosis and hypertrophy in cardiac tissue can lead to heart failure and sudden death. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic options. Our group has more than fifteen years of expertise using 3D primary cardiac cell cultures, being the first to reproduce fibrosis and hypertrophy induced by T. cruzi infection in vitro. These primary cardiac spheroids exhibit morphological and functional characteristics that are similar to heart tissue, making them an interesting model for studying CD cardiac fibrosis. Here, we aim to demonstrate that our primary cardiac spheroids are great preclinical models which can be used to develop new insights into CD cardiac fibrosis, presenting advances already achieved in the field, including disease modeling and drug screening.
Potential Utility of a 4th-Generation EGFR-TKI and Exploration of Resistance Mechanisms—An In Vitro Study
Authors: Fukuda Shota , Suda Kenichi , Hamada Akira , Oiki Hana , Ohara Shuta , Ito Masaoki , Soh Junichi , Mitsudomi Tetsuya , Tsutani Yasuhiro
Published: June 2024

The emergence of acquired resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is almost inevitable even after a remarkable clinical response. Secondary mutations such as T790M and C797S are responsible for the resistance to 1st/2nd-generation (1/2G) TKIs and 3G TKIs, respectively. To overcome both the T790M and C797S mutations, novel 4G EGFR-TKIs are now under early clinical development. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a 4G EGFR-TKI in the treatment of lung cancer with EGFR mutation as well as explored resistance mechanisms to a 4G TKI. First, we compared the efficacies of seven TKIs including a 4G TKI, BI4020, against Ba/F3 cell models that simulate resistant tumors after front-line osimertinib treatment failure because of a secondary mutation. We also established acquired resistant cells to BI4020 by chronic drug exposure. Ba/F3 cells with an osimertinib-resistant secondary mutation were refractory to all 3G TKIs tested (alflutinib, lazertinib, rezivertinib, almonertinib, and befotertinib). BI4020 inhibited the growth of C797S-positive cells; however, it was not effective against L718Q-positive cells. Erlotinib was active against all Ba/F3 cells tested. In the analysis of resistance mechanisms of BI4020-resistant (BIR) cells, none harbored secondary EGFR mutations. HCC827BIR cells had MET gene amplification and were sensitive to a combination of capmatinib (MET-TKI) and BI4020. HCC4006BIR and H1975BIR cells exhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. This study suggests that erlotinib may be more suitable than 4G TKIs to overcome secondary mutations after front-line osimertinib. We found that off-target mechanisms that cause resistance to earlier-generation TKIs will also cause resistance to 4G TKIs.
Association between Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Risk of Incident Chronic Kidney Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ang Song Peng , Chia Jia Ee , Valladares Carlos , Patel Shreya , Gewirtz Daniel , Iglesias Jose
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most commonly prescribed medications. Recently, PPI use has been linked to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular events. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between PPI use and the incidence of chronic kidney disease using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases from their inception until March 2024 for relevant studies. We compared outcomes between patients using PPIs, those not using PPIs, and those using histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs). Endpoints were pooled using the DerSimonian-and-Laird random-effects model as the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Our analysis included twelve studies with a total of 700,125 participants (286,488 on PPIs, 373,848 not on PPIs, and 39,789 on H2RAs), with follow-up periods ranging from three months to 14 years. The current meta-analysis revealed that PPI use is associated with a statistically significant increased risk of incident CKD (HR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.16–1.38, p < 0.001) compared with non-users. Moreover, the risk of incident CKD is significantly higher in patients with PPI use compared to H2RA use (HR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.13–1.59, p < 0.001). The results remained unchanged in terms of magnitude and direction after a leave-one-out analysis for both outcomes. Conclusions: Our multifaceted analysis showed that PPI use was associated with a higher incidence of CKD when compared to non-PPI use and H2RA use, respectively. These findings advocate for heightened vigilance and judicious use of long-term PPIs. Further large prospective longitudinal studies are warranted to validate these observations.
Selective Termination of Autophagy-Dependent Cancers
Authors: Roy Ajit , DePamphilis Melvin L.
Published: June 2024

The goal of cancer research is to identify characteristics of cancer cells that allow them to be selectively eliminated without harming the host. One such characteristic is autophagy dependence. Cancer cells survive, proliferate, and metastasize under conditions where normal cells do not. Thus, the requirement in cancer cells for more energy and macromolecular biosynthesis can evolve into a dependence on autophagy for recycling cellular components. Recent studies have revealed that autophagy, as well as different forms of cellular trafficking, is regulated by five phosphoinositides associated with eukaryotic cellular membranes and that the enzymes that synthesize them are prime targets for cancer therapy. For example, PIKFYVE inhibitors rapidly disrupt lysosome homeostasis and suppress proliferation in all cells. However, these inhibitors selectively terminate PIKFYVE-dependent cancer cells and cancer stem cells with not having adverse effect on normal cells. Here, we describe the biochemical distinctions between PIKFYVE-sensitive and -insensitive cells, categorize PIKFYVE inhibitors into four groups that differ in chemical structure, target specificity and efficacy on cancer cells and normal cells, identify the mechanisms by which they selectively terminate autophagy-dependent cancer cells, note their paradoxical effects in cancer immunotherapy, and describe their therapeutic applications against cancers.
Dynamic Simulation and Optimization of Off-Grid Hybrid Power Systems for Sustainable Rural Development
Authors: Khalid Wajahat , Awais Qasim , Jamil Mohsin , Khan Ashraf Ali
Published: June 2024

This paper analyzes dynamic modeling for rural HPS to address GHG emissions’ environmental impact on floods and climate change. The aim is to integrate renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, with traditional generators to mitigate emissions and enhance energy access in rural communities in Pakistan. The system is designed using a DC-DC converter, MPPT, LCL filter, and a DC-AC inverter. Utilizing software tools like PVsyst 7.4 and HOMER Pro-3.18.1, the study evaluates system sizing, energy consumption patterns, and optimization strategies tailored to site-specific data. The expected results include a reliable, environmentally friendly hybrid power system capable of providing consistent electricity to rural areas. The analysis of a connected load of 137.48 kWh/d and a peak load of 33.54 kW demonstrates the system’s promise for reliable electricity with minimal environmental impact. The estimated capital cost of USD 102,310 and energy generation at USD 0.158 per unit underscores economic feasibility. Dynamic modeling and validation using HIL examine the system’s behavior in response to variations in solar irradiance and temperature, offering insights into operational efficiency and reliability. The study concludes that the hybrid power system is scalable for rural energy access, which is a practical solution achieving a 100% renewable energy fraction, significantly contributing to emission reduction and promoting sustainable energy practices.
A Reinforcement Learning-Based Reverse Auction Enforcing Smart Pricing Policies towards B5G Offloading Strategies
Authors: Kaltakis Konstantinos , Dimos Alexandros , Giannoulakis Ioannis , Kafetzakis Emmanouil , Skianis Charalampos
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we present our work on developing a Smart Pricing Policies module specifically designed for individual users and Mobile Network Operators (MNOs). Our framework will operate in a multi-MNO blockchain radio access network (B-RAN) and is tasked with determining prices for resource sharing among users and MNOs. Our sophisticated adaptive pricing system can adjust to situations where User Equipment (UE) shifts out of the coverage area of their MNO by immediately sealing a contract with a different MNO to cover the users’ needs. This way, we aim to provide financial incentives to MNOs while ensuring continuous network optimization for all parties involved. Our system accomplishes that by utilizing deep reinforcement learning (DLR) to implement a reverse auction model. In our reinforcement learning scenario, the MNOs, acting as agents, enter a competition and try to bid the most appealing price based on the user’s request, and based on the reward system, agents that do not win in the current round will adjust their strategies in an attempt to secure a win in subsequent rounds. The findings indicated that combining DRL with reverse auction theory offers a more appropriate method for addressing the pricing and bid challenges, and additionally, administrators can utilize this strategy to gain a notable edge by dynamically selecting and adjusting their methods according to the individual network conditions and requirements.