bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response, remission and drop-out rates following high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treating major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind and sham-controlled trials
Authors: Berlim M. T. , van den Eynde F. , Tovar-Perdomo S. , Daskalakis Z. J.
Published: March 2013

Background

Meta-analyses have shown that high-frequency (HF) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has antidepressant properties when compared with sham rTMS. However, its overall response and remission rates in major depression (MD) remain unclear. Thus, we have systematically and quantitatively assessed the efficacy of HF-rTMS for MD based on randomized, double-blind and sham-controlled trials (RCTs).

Method

We searched the literature from 1995 through to July 2012 using MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SCOPUS, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. We used a random-effects model, odds ratios (ORs) and the number needed to treat (NNT).

Results

Data from 29 RCTs were included, totaling 1371 subjects with MD. Following approximately 13 sessions, 29.3% and 18.6% of subjects receiving HF-rTMS were classified as responders and remitters, respectively (compared with 10.4% and 5% of those receiving sham rTMS). The pooled OR was 3.3 (p < 0.0001) for both response and remission rates (with associated NNTs of 6 and 8, respectively). Furthermore, we found HF-rTMS to be equally effective as an augmentation strategy or as a monotherapy for MD, and when used in samples with primary unipolar MD or in mixed samples with unipolar and bipolar MD. Also, alternative stimulation parameters were not associated with differential efficacy estimates. Moreover, baseline depression severity and drop-out rates at study end were comparable between the HF-rTMS and sham rTMS groups. Finally, heterogeneity between the included RCTs was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

HF-rTMS seems to be associated with clinically relevant antidepressant effects and with a benign tolerability profile.
Neuroaesthetics: Range and restrictions
Authors: Chatterjee Anjan
Published: March 2013

Bullot & Reber (B&R) should be commended for highlighting tensions between scientific aesthetics and art history. The question of how each tradition can learn from the other is timely. While I am sympathetic to their views, their diagnosis of the problem appears exaggerated and their solution partial. They underestimate the reach of scientific aesthetics while failing to identify its inherent restrictions.
Artists' intentions and artwork meanings: Some complications
Authors: Davies Stephen
Published: March 2013

Artists' intentions are among the primary data retrieved by art appreciators. However, artistic creation is not always deliberate; artists sometimes fail in their intentions; artists' achievements depend on artworld roles, not only intentions; factors external to the artist contribute to artwork meaning; artworks stand apart from their creators; and interpretation need not be exclusively concerned with recovering intended meaning.
Art appreciation and aesthetic feeling as objects of explanation
Authors: Hogan Patrick Colm
Published: March 2013

The target article presents a thought-provoking approach to the relation of neuroscience and art. However, at least two issues pose potential difficulties. The first concerns whether “art appreciation” is a coherent topic for scientific study. The second concerns the degree to which processing fluency can explain aesthetic feeling or may simply be one component of a more complex account.
Acknowledging the diversity of aesthetic experiences: Effects of style, meaning, and context
Authors: Leder Helmut
Published: March 2013

Art can be experienced in numerous ways, ranging from sensory pleasure to elaborated ways of finding meaning (Leder et al. 2004). However, rather ignored by Bullot & Reber (B&R), in empirical aesthetics several lines of research have studied how knowledge of artistic style, descriptive and elaborate information, expertise, and context all affect aesthetic experiences from art. Limiting aesthetics to rather rare experiences unnecessarily narrows the scope of a science of art.
The duality of art: Body and soul
Authors: Newman George E.
Published: March 2013

Bullot & Reber (B&R) make a strong case for the role of causal reasoning in the appreciation of artwork. Although I agree that an artistic design stance is important for art appreciation, I suggest that it is a subset of a more general framework for evaluating artworks as the causal extensions of individuals, which includes inferences about the creator's mind, as well as more physical notions of essence.
Context, causality, and appreciation
Authors: Ross Stephanie
Published: March 2013

I applaud and elaborate on the contextualism at the heart of Bullot & Reber's (B&R's) theory, challenge two aspects of the appreciative structure they posit (the causal reasoning that allegedly underlies the design stance and the segregation of the component stages), suggest that expert and novice appreciators operate differently, and question the degree to which B&R's final theory is open to empirical investigation.
A bridge too far: From basic exposure to understanding in artistic experience
Authors: Schellekens Elisabeth
Published: March 2013

In the context of a broad welcome to Bullot & Reber's (B&R's) proposals concerning the incorporation of contextual awareness into the study of the psychology of art appreciation, I raise two concerns. First, the proposal makes no allowance for degrees of relevance of contextual awareness to appreciation. Second, the authors assume that “basic exposure” and “artistic understanding” can be maintained as separate phases or modes, but this may be more problematic than anticipated.
Aesthetic meanings and aesthetic emotions: How historical and intentional knowledge expand aesthetic experience
Authors: Silvia Paul J.
Published: March 2013

This comment proposes that Bullot & Reber's (B&R's) emphasis on historical and intentional knowledge expands the range of emotions that can be properly viewed as aesthetic states. Many feelings, such as anger, contempt, shame, confusion, and pride, come about through complex aesthetic meanings, which integrate conceptual knowledge, beliefs about the work and the artist's intentions, and the perceiver's goals and values.
Bridging two worlds that care about art: Psychological and historical approaches to art appreciation
Authors: Thompson William Forde , Antliff Mark
Published: March 2013

Art appreciation often involves contemplation beyond immediate perceptual experience. However, there are challenges to incorporating such processes into a comprehensive theory of art appreciation. Can appreciation be captured in the responses to individual artworks? Can all forms of contemplation be defined? What properties of artworks trigger contemplation? We argue that such questions are fundamental to a psycho-historical framework for the science of art appreciation, and we suggest research that may assist in refining this framework.
Psychological and neural responses to art embody viewer and artwork histories
Authors: Vartanian Oshin , Kaufman James C.
Published: March 2013

The research programs of empirical aesthetics and neuroaesthetics have reflected deep concerns about viewers' sensitivities to artworks' historical contexts by investigating the impact of two factors on art perception: viewers' developmental (and educational) histories and the contextual histories of artworks. These considerations are consistent with data demonstrating that art perception is underwritten by dynamically reconfigured and evolutionarily adapted neural and psychological mechanisms.
The artistic design stance and the interpretation of Paleolithic art
Authors: De Smedt Johan , De Cruz Helen
Published: March 2013

The artistic design stance is an important part of art appreciation, but it remains unclear how it can be applied to artworks for which art historical context is no longer available, such as Ice Age art. We propose that some of the designer's intentions can be gathered noninferentially through direct experience with prehistoric artworks.
On the Bourbaki–Witt principle in toposes
Authors: BAUER ANDREJ , LUMSDAINE PETER LEFANU
Published: March 2013

The Bourbaki–Witt principle states that any progressive map on a chain-complete poset has a fixed point above every point. It is provable classically, but not intuitionistically.

We study this and related principles in an intuitionistic setting. Among other things, we show that Bourbaki–Witt fails exactly when the trichotomous ordinals form a set, but does not imply that fixed points can always be found by transfinite iteration. Meanwhile, on the side of models, we see that the principle fails in realisability toposes, and does not hold in the free topos, but does hold in all cocomplete toposes.
Weyl—Titchmarsh-type formula for periodic Schrödinger operator with Wigner—von Neumann potential
Authors: Kurasov Pavel , Simonov Sergey
Published: March 2013

The Schrödinger operator on the half-line with periodic background potential perturbed by a certain potential of Wigner—von Neumann type is considered. The asymptotics of generalized eigenvectors for λ ϵ ℂ+ and on the absolutely continuous spectrum is established. The Weyl—Titchmarsh-type formula for this operator is proven.
A symmetrized conjugacy scheme for orthogonal expansions
Authors: Nowak Adam , Stempak Krzysztof
Published: March 2013

We establish a symmetrization procedure in the context of general orthogonal expansions associated with a second-order differential operator L, a Laplacian. Combining with a unified conjugacy scheme from an earlier paper by Nowak and Stempak permits, using a suitable embedding, a differential-difference Laplacian $\mathbb{L}$ to be associated with the initially given orthogonal system of eigenfunctions of L, so that the resulting extended conjugacy scheme has the natural classical shape. This means, in particular, that the related partial derivatives decomposing $\mathbb{L}$ are skew-symmetric in an appropriate L2 space and they commute with Riesz transforms and conjugate Poisson integrals. The results also shed new light on the issue of defining higher-order Riesz transforms for general orthogonal expansions.
Instability of Ginzburg—Landau vortices on manifolds
Authors: Chen Ko-Shin
Published: March 2013

We investigate two settings of the Ginzburg—Landau system posed on a manifold where vortices are unstable. The first is an instability result for critical points with vortices of the Ginzburg—Landau energy posed on a simply connected, compact, closed 2-manifold. The second is a vortex annihilation result for the Ginzburg—Landau heat flow posed on certain surfaces of revolution with boundary.
Analogues of the general theta transformation formula
Authors: Dixit Atul
Published: March 2013

A new class of integrals involving the confluent hypergeometric function 1F1(a;c;z) and the Riemann Ξ-function is considered. It generalizes a class containing some integrals of Ramanujan, Hardy and Ferrar and gives, as by-products, transformation formulae of the form F(z, α) = F(iz, β), where αβ = 1. As particular examples, we derive an extended version of the general theta transformation formula and generalizations of certain formulae of Ferrar and Hardy. A one-variable generalization of a well-known identity of Ramanujan is also given. We conclude with a generalization of a conjecture due to Ramanujan, Hardy and Littlewood involving infinite series of the Möbius function.
The body of Christ—An Intersubjective Interpretation
Authors: Bracken Joseph A.
Published: March 2013

In this essay the author rethinks the provocative remarks of Karl Rahner about the overall symbolic character of reality in his essay “The Theology of Symbol.” While conceding the inevitable differences in perspective between a Thomistic metaphysics of Being and process-relational philosophy, the author explains how Rahner's “theses” on symbolism likewise make good sense within the context of his own process-oriented metaphysics of intersubjectivity as developed in previous publications. Then he applies this Rahnerian/neo-Whiteheadian scheme to the analysis and explanation of Christian belief in the Incarnation of the Divine Word in the human nature of Jesus, the Real Presence of the risen Christ in the Eucharist, and the Church as the Mystical Body of Christ.
The Spirit and Religious Pluralism
Authors: Hodgson Peter C.
Published: March 2013

“Spirit” is a more universally available religious symbol than “Christ,” found in various forms in most of the religions of the world. It helps to open Christian theology to a genuine religious pluralism, and, in the framework of the doctrine of the Trinity, provides a Christian way of construing this pluralism, relating it to the purposes, activity, and being of God. The pneumatic Trinitarianism proposed in this essay contrasts with the christocentric Trinitarianism recommended by advocates of an inclusivist theology of religions. The concrete incarnation of God in Christ is not lost but placed in a larger context. The Spirit proceeds not just from Christ but from the interaction of God and the world, including a diversity of religious figures and practices. The idea that a theology of the Spirit might serve as the basis of a pluralist theology of religions is tested by looking at the modalities of Spirit that are present in Hinduism and Buddhism, and that enrich a Christian understanding of the Spirit.
John Paul II's Use of Scripture in His Moral Teaching
Authors: Curran Charles E.
Published: March 2013

The celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the College Theology Society naturally turns our focus to what has transpired in these fifty years. In terms of Roman Catholic theology, the two most significant historical realities are the Second Vatican Council (1962–65) and the now twenty-five-year pontificate of John Paul II as Bishop of Rome.

In my discipline of moral theology, Vatican II and its document on the training of priests called for the renewal of moral theology with a special emphasis on its Scriptural bases. “Special care is to be taken for the improvement of moral theology. Its scientific presentation, drawing more fully on the teaching of holy Scripture should highlight the lofty vocation of the Christian faithful and their obligation to bring forth fruit and charity for the life of the world.”

John Paul II as pope has written and taught extensively in the area of morality. In the light of the Vatican II mandate to renew moral theology through a greater appreciation of its scriptural roots and bases, this essay will critically evaluate John Paul II's use of scripture in his teaching on morality.
The Vocation of an Interreligious Theologian: My Retrospective on Forty Years in Dialogue
Authors: Knitter Paul F.
Published: March 2013

On the occasion of my retirement from Xavier University, and at the request of some long-time friends I have the opportunity to reflect on what has happened to me during these forty years of trying to combine my vocation as a Catholic theologian with what I felt was a “call” (therefore, also a vocatio) to take persons of other religions seriously and to dialogue with them. The “vocation of an interreligious theologian” is really the meeting and, as it were, mating of two vocations, two calls that make very real and definite and often contrasting claims on the same person. What follows is a “retrospective” on how I have attempted to walk one path in response to two calls—to be a Catholic theologian and to be an interreligious dialoguer.
Options for the Poor in Twelfth and Thirteenth-Century Europe
Authors: O'Brien Thomas
Published: March 2013

This essay uses the lens of the “preferential option for the poor” to examine the unprecedented turn to poverty by religious movements in late twelfth and early thirteenth-century Western Europe. Three movements are selected from the many and various movements espousing poverty: theHumiliati, the Waldensians, and the Franciscans. TheHumiliatideveloped a communal lifestyle that, in key ways, reflected the emerging urban working class. The Waldensians embraced a radical poverty that rejected all forms of property, but they were progressively marginalized from Catholicism and eventually became targets of the Inquisition. The Franciscans adopted a very similar sort of radical poverty, but their communities ultimately would be assimilated into mainstream Catholicism. The essay places these movements into a dialogue with the contemporary notion of the “preferential option for the poor” in order to discover the ways they might inform and illuminate one another.
After Church History? Writing the History of Christianity from a Global Perspective
Authors: Kollman Paul V.
Published: March 2013

Recent efforts to write the global history of Christianity respond to demographic changes in Christianity and use “global” in three ways. First, “global” suggests efforts at more comprehensive historical retrieval, especially to place the beginnings of Christian communities not within mission history but within the church history in those areas. Second, “global” can refer to the broader comparative perspectives on Christianity's history, especially the history of religions. Finally, “global” can indicate attempts to retell the entire Christian story from a self-consciously worldwide perspective. Recent works also raise new theological and pragmatic challenges to the discipline of church history.
The College Theology Society Jubilee: A Past With a Future
Authors: Devoy Loretta
Published: March 2013

In 1987 the College Theology Society held its annual meeting at Loyola College in Maryland. The cicadas were then at the end of their appearance and crunched underfoot as we walked from the dorms to the sessions. That was the first annual meeting I had attended and the cicadas made a lasting impression on me. As the College Theology Society celebrates the fiftieth anniversary of its annual meetings, the cicadas have come and gone again. Since the planning for the Society began, they have come four times, just four times out of their thousands of years of life. As they return to their burrows to begin a new cycle of life, CTS celebrates fifty years of life completed and looks forward another cycle of its theological life already on the horizon. When the cicadas emerge again, seventeen years from now, what will they notice about CTS that is different from today? In other words, will the trajectories of growth present in CTS in 2004 flourish and, if so, what might the returning cicadas see?

Several persons who have described the beginning of the College Theology Society have pointed out that until the middle of the nineteen fifties, theology in the liberal arts colleges consisted largely of apologetics taught by persons of intelligence and good will, often priests, who seldom possessed an earned doctorate in the field. Professors with doctorates were usually assigned to the seminaries. A group of liberal arts college professors in theology became aware that they did not enjoy the same credibility in their institutions as professors in other disciplines, in part because the criteria for teaching theology were different and lower than for other departments.
The Practice of Theology as Passion for Truth: Testimony from the Journals of Yves Congar, O.P.
Authors: Groppe Elizabeth T.
Published: March 2013

Yves Congar, O.P. (1904–1995) is widely considered the most important Roman Catholic ecclesiologist of the twentieth century and one of the most influential theologians at the Second Vatican Council. His personal diaries Journal d'un théologien 1946–1956 and Mon journal du Concile, recently published posthumously in France, enhance our appreciation for the character and spirituality of this extraordinary theologian. These journals testify to the passion for truth that inspired and sustained Congar's theological vocation through both his difficult years of censure and the exhilarating conciliar period. The witness and example Congar offers can be instructive to our own continuing practice of the theological discipline.
Teaching the Church's Mistakes: Historical Hermeneutics in Memory and Reconciliation: the Church and the Faults of the Past
Authors: Bellitto Christopher M.
Published: March 2013

How can church history help students and teachers make sense of what happens when the church makes mistakes? The Jubilee Year of 2000 represented a moment to think about the far past, but after January 2002, the revelations about priest-pedophiles and institutional cover-ups placed the topic of the church's errors squarely in the current daily life of the church. This essay explores the historical hermeneutics in the International Theological Commission's document, Memory and Reconciliation: The Church and the Faults of the Past, issued a few months before Pope John Paul II's Jubilee apologies in Lent 2000. The essay strives to identify and critique historical and theological concerns in this document while applying them not only to historical events, but to the more recent sex abuse revelations. Two topics serve as entry points to this discussion: purification of memory and the historian's role in discerning personal and corporate responsibility.
When Stands Are Taken Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Masson Robert
Published: March 2013

The Vatican took a stand in February with its “notification” on Roger Haight's Jesus Symbol of God prohibiting him from teaching Catholic theology. Then in May it was reported that the Vatican influenced Thomas Reese's resignation as editor of America. In these two situations, as with other recent controversies in the church and American public life, the question was posed to the College Theology Society, “Where do we stand?”

This is not answered easily. The appropriateness of entertaining the question is itself problematic given the specific ways the CTS constitution defines our mission as an academic society. Has the CTS, its Board or its members at the annual convention any business at all taking stands on controversies in the church or American public life? What would justify this? And to what sort of issues would this apply? And when? How is this decided? And by whom? For whom does the Board speak? Or for whom does a majority at an annual convention speak? And to whom? And to what end?

Nor is the question of where we stand dodged without significant cost. Much is at stake for the specific pedagogical mission of the CTS both in the issues regarding Haight and Reese and in the questions of principle about taking stands. Both are part of a larger and consequential controversy about what place convictions should have in the interactions of the church, academy, and society.
Reality Over Idealism: The Spirituality of James Martin Gillis
Authors: Gribble Richard
Published: March 2013

Paulist priest James Martin Gillis was highly influenced in his youth by his Boston Irish heritage, as well as Sulpician and Paulist clergy who imbued in him a sense of Catholic idealism that stressed the dignity and value of the human person. He perceived the world to be filled with the presence of God. Yet, as a commentator on America from his positions as editor ofthe Catholic Worldand a weekly syndicated column,Sursum Corda, Gillis saw his idyllic picture of America's role in god's plan in serious peril through the domestic and international policies of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Through his various organs Gillis championed the conservative Catholic voice in the period 1922 to 1948, speaking against statism and general government invasion in the domain of the individual. He thus represents a voice generally counter to the American Catholic mainstream of the period.
Beyond the Liberal/Conservative Divide on Contraception: The Wisdom of Practitioners of Natural Family Planning and Artificial Birth Control
Authors: Rubio Julie Hanlon
Published: March 2013

The article argues that contemporary dialogue on sexuality and contraception represents a new way of approaching Christian sexual ethics. Through an analysis of the experiential reflections of practitioners of natural family planning and artificial birth control, it shows that both sides seek the following goods: self-giving, relational intimacy, mutuality, sexual pleasure, and a strong connection between sexual and spiritual experience. It claims that while each side has distinctive insights, their shared concerns offer a way beyond the post-Humanae Vitaetension on sexual ethics. In this new dialogue, provingHVright or wrong will be much less important than helping Christian couples develop their sexual relationships in the context of their commitment to Christian discipleship.
White Privilege
Authors: Curran Charles E.
Published: March 2013

This essay, an autobiographical narrative reflecting on my awareness of racism and white privilege in my theological journey, has not been an easy paper to write. In the last few years, I have become somewhat educated about racism and white privilege. I have to face the reality that I barely recognized the problem of racism in my own somewhat extensive writings and was blithely unaware of my own white privilege.

The references to racism in my writings are very few, and there is never any concentrated discussion of the issue. This lack is especially telling in a moral theologian who often dealt with social ethics. Other theologians because of the focus of their discipline might not have the same opportunities to discuss and evaluate racism.

In my 1982 monograph, American Catholic Social Ethics: Twentieth Century Approaches, I analyzed and critiqued the writings of five figures in Catholic social ethics. The index has seven references to race discrimination and racism. The two most extended discussions (at best, a few pages each) deal with Paul Hanly Furfey and John A. Ryan. Looking back now on what I wrote then, I am both embarrassed and uncomfortable.
“Doing Well a Thing That Is Well Worth Doing”: Teaching Dorothy L. Sayers on Work
Authors: Collinge William J.
Published: March 2013

This essay discusses the use of Dorothy L. Sayers' essay “Why Work?” (1942) in a Freshman Seminar that inaugurates a four-year structured core curriculum in a Catholic liberal arts university. After a synopsis of Sayers' argument, it enumerates some contributions that her essay can make to a Catholic liberal arts education in (1) directing students' attention to the goods intrinsic to work, (2) situating work in a theological perspective, (3) introducing the idea that the worker's relationship to God is internal to the work, and (4) addressing work in terms of vocation. It concludes by considering some difficulties encountered in teaching Sayers' essay.
Hybridity and Trespass: With Jesus at the Borders of Identity
Authors: Saracino Michele
Published: March 2013

The author considers how Christians are called to bear witness to difference specifically in a global context where boundaries are becoming increasingly ambiguous. After arguing that it is particularly important for Christians to embrace the responsibility associated with ambiguous borders and hybrid existence, the author explains how American culture works against being open to others at borders because of the emotional conflict they bring. An attitude of entitlement embedded in a narcissistic mentality prevents some from inviting otherness into their lives. By developing empathy and through mourning privilege, human beings can overcome a posture of entitlement. Christ's ministry, incarnation, and death are highlighted, finally, as resources for dealing with the loss of privilege that emerges at the borders of self and other.
Social Doctrine of the Trinity and Communion Ecclesiology in Leonardo Boff and Gisbert Greshake
Authors: Doyle Brian M.
Published: March 2013

This essay examines the methodological relationship of social doctrines of the Trinity and ecclesiologies of communion. The Theologies of Gisbert Greshake and Leonardo Boff represent theologians arguing that ecclesiology must be based on a doctrine of God which they present from a social (or psychological) perspective. The goal of the essay is to expose some of the methodological assumptions made by ecclesiologists and the value of social approach to the Trinity can have in an ecclesiology of communion.
An Evolving Vision of the Church
Authors: Hellwig Monika K.
Published: March 2013

Editor's note: In memory of Monika Hellwig (1929–2005), beloved colleague and friend of the College Theology Society, Horizons is pleased to be able to publish the following talk which she presented as part of the consultation on “Faith Narratives” at the CTS convention in June 2005, only a few months before her death. Part reminiscence, part theological reflection on Vatican II, part diagnosis of the present state of the church, her reflections give witness not only to the love she had for the church but also to her lively and incisive theological intellect. We wish to thank Pierre Hegy (Adelphi University) for bringing the essay to our attention, and Dr. E. Jane Stirniman, Hellwig's literary executor, for giving us permission to publish it.
Moral Theology and Church Responses to Sexual Abuse
Authors: Rigali Norbert J.
Published: March 2013

In the many published reports of the sexual abuse of children by priests in past years there is discernible a common pattern in the inadequate responses of Church authorities to the allegations and evidence of sexual abuse. Since judgment of conscience and moral decision flow from moral discernment, which in turn is based on moral perception, inadequate moral perception renders faulty an entire moral-response process. The moral perception underlying the decisions of Church authorities bearing responsibility in the sexual abuse scandal is seen to be, unfortunately, consonant with the moral perception cultivated in the moral theology in which they were educated.
Women and the Church: Unfinished Business of Vatican II
Authors: Zagano Phyllis
Published: March 2013

The hope that marked the closing of Vatican II has faded regarding women, who are still restricted from power and authority in the Church. While ordination remains a pressing question, two related questions, those related to married clergy and lay involvement in authority and power, reflect upon the first and on each other. Yet, since power and authority are legally restricted to ordained persons, and given the present objections to women priests, it would seem necessary and possible to restore the female diaconate in order to allow women greater formal and official participation in the Church.
A Reconsideration of the Ministries of the Sacrament of Holy Orders
Authors: Maldari Donald C.
Published: March 2013

The purpose of the ministerial structures of the Church is to establish a context by which Christians continue and complete Christ's ministry. Ordained ministers ought to facilitate this in such a way as to collaborate effectively with God in the establishment of the Kingdom. A consideration of the Church's tradition, beginning with Scripture and continuing in its life of faith, suggests that no single form of ministry is normative. The ordination of Christians who make a long-term commitment to what the Church may legitimately recognize as ministry would enhance the Church's life and celebrate the sacramental character of that ministry. Consonant withGaudium et spesthe Church should abandon the distinction between secular and sacred ministry and recognize the sacramental character of ministry wherever it is practiced. Sacramental ordination to ministry is the specification and concretization of Christians' baptismal commitment.
The Self Prior to Mimetic Desire: Rahner and Alison on Original Sin and Conversion
Authors: Edwards John P.
Published: March 2013

This paper engages the theological anthropologies of Karl Rahner and James Alison in order to develop two mutually clarifying perspectives concerning original sin and the nature of conversion. It begins by considering the value and limitations of Alison's use of the Resurrection, as well as his Girardian reading of history, as lenses through which to understand the self, original sin, and conversion. Rahner's transcendental anthropology, because of its similar assumption regarding the priority of the Resurrection for understanding the self, provides an effective instrument for evaluating Alison's project. I conclude that Rahner's transcendental perspective from within the “order of being” represents a necessary compliment to the Alisonian viewpoint, which remains exclusively within the “order of discovery” and thereby limits rather than enhances persons' capacity to experience grace. I ultimately propose, however, that further investigation of Alison's work and its usefulness for illustrating the psychological, ethical, and socio-political aspects of conversion constitutes a worthy theological task within contemporary Christian culture.
The Humanity of Christ: Jacques Dupuis' Christology and Religious Pluralism
Authors: Brecht Mara
Published: March 2013

The question of Christianity's relationship to the religious traditions of the world lies at the center of Jacques Dupuis' theological work. This essay contends that Dupuis' Christology provides the ground for his pursuit of this larger question. An exploration of Dupuis' positive assertions about who Jesus Christ is reveals both a new Christological view and an implicit critique of conventional notions of what it means to be human. By challenging traditional Christology and creatively restructuring the relationship of our humanity to Christ's humanity, Dupuis invigorates the purpose of humanity's role in salvation history. This shift in emphasis, toward Christ's and our shared humanity, allows Dupuis to recognize the theological significance in all mainstream religious traditions.
Personhood and Community in a New Context
Authors: Bracken Joseph A.
Published: March 2013

What it means to be a person is a key issue in contemporary bio-ethical issues. A new socially ordered metaphysics with greater emphasis on the long-range interests of the community might provide common ground for resolving points of difference. Colin Gunton's trinitarian approach to contemporary social issues and a somewhat modified notion of “society” in the philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead are used in this essay to sketch such a new social ontology and to indicate how its use might at least change the tone of the current debate.
Interpreting Faith and Reason: Denys Turner and Bernard Lonergan in Conversation
Authors: Hammond David
Published: March 2013

The dogmatic constitutionDei Filiusof the First Vatican Council held as a matter of faith that it is possible to prove the existence of God through the natural light of reason and apart from the aid of revelation. The doctrine has been criticized for its abstractness and lack of historical consciousness, in that it neglects the conditions in the human subject for the possibility of such a proof. Denys Turner has recently defended this claim ofDei Filius. InFaith, Reason and the Existence of God(Cambridge, 2004), however, Turner does not address the nuanced position of Bernard Lonergan, who interpretedDei Filiusin a way that defended its conclusion but severely limited its applicability. I propose to bring Turner and Lonergan into conversation on the matter ofDei Filius'doctrine regarding the possibility of proving the existence of God.
A Second Look at the Industrial Areas Foundation: Lessons for Catholic Social Thought and Ministry
Authors: Ball James B.
Published: March 2013

This article revives consideration of the Industrial Areas Foundation (IAF), a network of Alinsky-style community organizing institutions supported by the Catholic Church, as an object of theological and ethical reflection. After describing the IAF and its organizing practices, it advances two claims. First, the IAF offers Catholic social teaching a concept of power that can sharpen its understanding of social change. Second, the IAF offers a promising model of parish social ministry. Specifically, it offers a pedagogy and praxis of political agency that enhances the parish's ability to live out its calling to be the church, and to be a mediating institution of public life. Such a model integrates evangelical impulses into the “public church” framework for conceiving Christianity's relationship to civil society.
Theologians and the Magisterium: A Proposal for a Complementarity of Charisms through Dialogue
Authors: Salzman Todd A. , Lawler Michael G.
Published: March 2013

Archbishop Bernardin recommended that, in the relationship between magisterium and theologians, two extremes are to be avoided. On the one hand, there should be no imperialism on the part of the magisterium, co-opting theologians merely as mouthpieces for magisterial teachings. On the part of theologians, on the other hand, there should be no secession from the magisterium that would give theologians absolute autonomy and freedom from accountability. This essay analyzes the diverse charisms of magisterium and theologians and argues that they are complementary and that both parties should relate in the dialogue of charity recommended for ecumenical discussions in Pope John Paul II'sUt Unum Sint. This dialogue of charity, the essay further argues, should not be restricted to only magisterium and theologians but should embrace also, for upbuilding the Church, the entire People of God journeying together to the Holy Mystery.
Tradition and Continuity: Rethinking the Practice of Christian Remembering
Authors: Mallon Colleen Mary
Published: March 2013

A significant point of contention in contemporary construals of continuity and discontinuity centers on the veiled logics of power/interest at work in human constructions of knowledge. In this paper I explore how the insights of anthropologist Mary Douglas might contribute towards a rethinking of memory and tradition within the ecclesial community. I argue that Douglas' perspective on the covert processes that create the social goods of both community and knowledge offer an important heuristic guide towards a more transparent analysis of tradition and how it functions in a globalized world. If continuity is both a claim and a practice that peoples make from shared histories for shared futures, the ecclesial claim and practice of continuity must enact a gospel reflexivity that is both critical and counter-intuitive in its hermeneutical retrieval of thememoria Christi. I conclude this paper with a detailed exploration of two dimensions such a critical, counter-intuitive hermeneutic might include.
Iconoclasm, Byzantine and Postmodern: Implications for Contemporary Theological Anthropology
Authors: Denny Christopher
Published: March 2013

Medieval Byzantine debates regarding icons included fine distinctions between image, prototype, and symbol as these terms related to personhood. Iconodules and iconoclasts differed regarding the ability of art to represent the person. Must artistic representations of a person, to be justified, be consubstantial with the person represented and thus circumscribed, as iconoclasts believed? Or is it sufficient to refer to artistic representations as being symbolic of their human subjects? Embracing the victorious iconodule distinction between a person and artistic representations of the person raises questions regarding the manner in which an image can reveal a human being. Post-structuralist philosophers Maurice Blanchot and Kevin Hart have inverted this problematic. They begin the interpretation of icons and personhood not from the traditional understanding of the honor or worship paid to Christian icons. Instead, they examine the icon's deconstruction of the viewer. What results is an iconodule defense of a post-Cartesian “anthropological iconoclasm.”
A “Babelish” World (Genesis 11: 1–9) and its Challenge to Cultural-Linguistic Theory
Authors: Moyaert Marianne
Published: March 2013

After decades of optimism, interreligious dialogue is now confronted with a considerable amount of skepticism. In theology, this skepticism is primarily being fed by the cultural-linguistic theory of religion. This theory seems to be in keeping with what the Babel narrative has always said: people belonging to different “language” communities can do no more thanbabbleat one another. The author asks, first of all, whether the story of Babel indeed affirms the cultural-linguistic argument for the end of interreligious dialogue. After showing that there are theological and exegetical reasons to doubt the classical interpretation of the Babel narrative, the author demonstrates how a renewed hermeneutic of this story actually challenges the cultural-linguistic discourse concerning the incommensurability of religions. Indeed, she argues, ultimately, the Babel story is not a narrative about the end of communication, but about its beginning.
Modesty in the Service of Justice: Retrieving Tradition and Reversing the Gaze
Authors: Anthony Cara
Published: March 2013

In recent years, concern for “modesty” has become more prominent in American religious circles. Recent advocates of modest clothing for women voice important concerns, but also perpetuate problematic attitudes toward women, especially poor women and women of color. Thomas Aquinas' description of modesty corrects this error, because it includes modesty of the mind. Contemporary developments in moral theology then enable us to relate both mental and physical modesty to the cardinal virtue of justice, where modesty decenters the self and makes room for other people to flourish. Findings from social psychologists illuminate the dynamics of social power, and clarify specific ways that mental and physical modesty work under the rubric of justice. These findings suggest that men and women may face different challenges in the practice of modesty, and so Christians must attend to all types of modesty in order to adequately address the question of appropriate clothing.
Religious Diversity, Sacramental Encounters, and the Spirit of God
Authors: Ambrose Glenn
Published: March 2013

There is increasing pressure on religious thinkers and leaders to construct theologies thoroughly grounded in the particularities of a faith tradition but truly appreciative of religious pluralism. This essay argues that a significant contribution towards articulating a Roman Catholic theology of religious diversity can be advanced by explicitly integrating developments in pneumatology and sacramental theology. Pneumatology has obvious pluralistic implications insofar as Catholic theologians and the magisterium itself have emphasized the universal presence of the Holy Spirit. The sacramental tradition is more ambivalent. On the one hand, the sacramental principle and sacramental nature of human existence would seem to endorse the authenticity of religious pluralism. On the other hand, sacramental theology in the West has historically been shaped by a Christomonism which necessarily tends toward exclusivism. This tendency can be overcome by understanding sacraments in light of a Spirit Christology from below.
Risk factors for ocular toxoplasmosis in Brazil
Authors: FERREIRA A. I. C. , De MATTOS C. C. BRANDÃO , FREDERICO F. B. , MEIRA C. S. , ALMEIDA G. C. , NAKASHIMA F. , BERNARDO C. R. , PEREIRA-CHIOCCOLA V. L. , De MATTOS L. C.
Published: March 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) in patients who received medical attention at a public health service. Three hundred and forty-nine consecutive patients, treated in the Outpatient Eye Clinic of Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo state, Brazil, were enrolled in this study. After an eye examination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. The results showed that 25·5% of the patients were seronegative and 74·5% were seropositive for IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies; of these 27·3% had OT and 72·7% had other ocular diseases (OOD). The presence of cats or dogs [odds ratio (OR) 2·22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·24–3·98, P = 0·009] and consumption of raw or undercooked meat (OR 1·77, 95% CI 1·05–2·98, P = 0·03) were associated with infection but not with the development of OT. Age (OT 48·2 ± 21·2 years vs. OOD: 69·5 ± 14·7 years, P < 0·0001) and the low level of schooling/literacy (OT vs. OOD: OR 0·414, 95% CI 0·2231–0·7692, P = 0·007) were associated with OT. The presence of dogs and cats as well as eating raw/undercooked meat increases the risk of infection, but is not associated with the development of OT.
Exploring the relationship between situated activity and CALL learning in teacher education
Authors: McNeil Levi
Published: March 2013

Situated learning is often proposed as a model for CALL teacher education. However, we know little about how students perceive situated CALL coursework and activities, and the nature of the relationship between situated learning and CALL learning. This exploratory case study addresses these issues. Survey, questionnaire, and open-ended data were collected from 21 MA TESOL students enrolled in a CALL course in South Korea. The results showed that students perceived that the course offered many elements of situated learning environments, and that some course activities were more situated than others. Additionally, the relationship between situated learning and CALL was strong and positive. Implications for research into situated learning and CALL teacher education are discussed.
Falls
Authors: Frith James , Davison John
Published: March 2013

Falls and fall-related injury are common and become more prevalent with increasing age. Risk factors for falling are numerous, synergistic and complex, and require multidisciplinary assessment. The evidence base for intervention strategies continues to improve, but is often limited by the methodological difficulties that are inherent in falls research. The most effective intervention is a multifactorial approach that targets identified risk factors. Multicomponent exercise, either in a group or individually, is one of the most effective components of intervention. Other successful components include home hazard modification and psychotropic medication withdrawal. Primary prevention does not appear to be cost effective, but secondary prevention far outweighs the cost of falls and fall-related injury.
The algebra of multirelations
Authors: MARTIN C. E. , CURTIS S. A.
Published: March 2013

Multirelational semantics are well suited to reasoning about programs involving two kinds of non-determinism. This paper lays the categorical foundations for an algebraic calculus of multirelations.
Integration of Disaster Mental Health Services with Emergency Medicine
Authors: Ruzek Josef I. , Young Bruce H. , Cordova Matthew J. , Flynn Brian W.
Published: March 2013

Despite limited resources, emergency medical settings will be called upon to play many roles in the context of disasters and terrorist attacks that are related to preparedness, surveillance, mental health services delivery, and staff care. Such settings are a central capture site for those individuals likely to be at highest risk for developing mental health and functional problems. Because much of the potential harm to survivors of disaster or terrorism (and their families) will be related to their mental health and role functioning, preparedness requires the active integration of behavioral health into emergency medicine in every component of disaster response. There are many challenges of doing this including: (1) finding ways to integrate activities of the medical care, emergency response, and public health systems; (2) determining whether an incident has actually occurred; (3) making differential diagnoses and managing other aspects of initial medical needs; and (4) coping with the risks associated with system overload and failure. Delivery of direct mental health care must include: (1) survivor and family education; (2) identification and referral of those requiring immediate care and followup; (3) group education and support services; and (4) individual counseling. In order for effective response to occur, the integration of psychosocial care into disaster response must occur prior to the disaster itself, and will depend on effective collaboration between medical and mental health care providers. At workplaces, emergency medical care centers must ensure that staff and their families are properly trained and supported with regard to their disaster functions and encouraged to develop personal/family disaster plans.