bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Varied Positioning of Mini-screw, Anterior Retraction Hook, and Resultant Force Vector on Efficient En-Masse Retraction Using Finite Element Method: A Systematic Review
Authors: Agrawal Ashish , Subash P
Published: January 2021

Objective:

The objective of this systematic review was to assess the available evidence to evaluate the effectiveness of en-masse retraction design with mini-screw with respect to the retraction hook and mini-implant position and height.

Methods:

The following electronic databases were searched till July 31, 2020: Pro-Quest Dissertation Abstracts and Thesis database Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Google Scholar, US National Library of Medicine, and National Research Register. En-masse retractions with anterior retraction hooks assisted by mini-implant three-dimensional finite element method (3D FEM) models were included in the study. The selected studies were assessed for the risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. The “traffic plot” and “weighted plot” risk of bias distribution were designed using the ROBVIS tool. The authors extracted and analyzed the data.

Results:

Twelve studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The risks of biases were low for 9 studies and high for 3 studies. Data on mini-implant, retraction hook, and the center of resistance/force vectors were extracted. The outcomes of the included studies were heterogeneous.

Conclusions:

According to the currently available literature review for successful bodily en-masse tooth movement, the force vector should pass through the center of resistance, which can be achieved by the clinical judgment of placing a mini-screw and an anterior retraction hook. The force from an implant placed at a higher level from the anterior retraction hook will cause intrusion; an implant placed at the medium level shows bodily movement; and an implant placed at a lower level shows tipping forces in consolidated arches.
E-Infrastructures and the divergent assetization of public health data: Expectations, uncertainties, and asymmetries
Authors: Vezyridis Paraskevas , Timmons Stephen
Published: January 2021

In this article, we examine some of the expectations, frictions and uncertainties involved with the assetization of de-identified NHS patient data by (primary care) research services in UK. Pledges to Electronic Health Record (EHR) data-driven research attempt to reconfigure public health data as an asset for realizing multiple values across healthcare, research and finance. We introduce the concept of ‘asymmetrical divergence’ in public health data assetization to study the various practices of configuring and using this data, both as a continuously generated resource to be extracted and as an asset to be circulated in the knowledge economy. As data assetization and exploitations grow bigger and more diverse, the capitalization of these datasets may constitute EHR data-driven research in healthcare as an attractive technoscientific activity, but one limited to those actors with specific sociotechnical resources in place to fully exploit them at the required scale.
Entangled phenomenologies: Reassessing (post-)phenomenology’s promise for human geography
Authors: Hepach Maximilian Gregor
Published: January 2021

This article calls into question recent attempts to move beyond, to ‘post’ phenomenology by highlighting the continued relevance of key phenomenological concepts (intentionality and correlationism) for human geography. I show how these concepts are pivotal to addressing problems raised by post-phenomenologists themselves concerning affects and objects. Drawing on recent phenomenological theory, I develop a spatial account of how subject and object cohere in experience. I argue that the very relation between/entanglement of the human and more-than-/non-human can best be accounted for phenomenologically. Such a phenomenological approach promises new ways of understanding various phenomena such as landscape, weather or climate.
Half-plane contacts subject to remote tension
Authors: Cwiekala Nils , Hills David A
Published: January 2021

The state of stress present in an elastic half-plane contact problem, where one or both bodies is subject to remote tension has been investigated, both for conditions of full stick and partial slip. The state of stress present near the contact edges is studied for different loading scenarios in an asymptotic form. This is of practical relevance to the study of contacts experiencing fretting fatigue, and enables the environment in which cracks nucleate to be specified.
A robust identification method for nonferrous metal scraps based on deep learning and superpixel optimization
Authors: Li Yifeng , Qin Xunpeng , Zhang Zhenyuan , Dong Huanyu
Published: January 2021

End-of-life vehicles (ELVs) provide a particularly potent source of supply for metals. Hence, the recycling and sorting techniques for ferrous and nonferrous metal scraps from ELVs significantly increase metal resource utilization. However, different kinds of nonferrous metal scraps, such as aluminium (Al) and copper (Cu), are not further automatically classified due to the lack of proper techniques. The purpose of this study is to propose an identification method for different nonferrous metal scraps, facilitate the further separation of nonferrous metal scraps, achieve better management of recycled metal resources and increase sustainability. A convolutional neural network (CNN) and SEEDS (superpixels extracted via energy-driven sampling) were adopted in this study. To build the classifier, 80 training images of randomly chosen Al and Cu scraps were taken, and some practical methods were proposed, including training patch generation with SEEDS, image data augmentation and automatic labelling methods for enormous training data. To obtain more accurate results, SEEDS was also used to optimize the coarse results obtained from the pretrained CNN model. Five indicators were adopted to evaluate the final identification results. Furthermore, 15 test samples concerning different classification environments were tested through the proposed model, and it performed well under all of the employed evaluation indexes, with an average precision of 0.98. The results demonstrate that the proposed model is robust for metal scrap identification, which can be expanded to a complex industrial environment, and it presents new possibilities for highly accurate automatic nonferrous metal scrap classification.
Using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling to Investigate the Construct Validity of the Critical Thinking Disposition Scale
Authors: Thomas Christopher L. , Hayes Amy Roberson
Published: January 2021

One of the primary goals of higher education is to enhance students’ critical thinking skills as they work to complete their program of study. As such, it is for critical educators and academic program coordinators to have access to assessment tools that can provide accurate estimates of the cognitive and dispositional domains of higher-order thinking. Therefore, the current study was designed to provide evidence of the psychometric properties of the Critical Thinking Disposition Scale. Data were collected from 558 undergraduate and graduate students. Using exploratory structural equation modeling, we demonstrated that a 2-factor solution—consisting of critical openness and reflective skepticism dimensions—provided a good fit to the observed data. Additionally, our results showed critical openness and reflective skepticism scores were positively associated with conceptually related constructs (e.g., need for cognition and flexible thinking), demonstrating the convergent validity of the instrument. Our discussion concerns the potential utility of instrument for those interested in assessing critical thinking dispositions and avenues for future research.
Origins and destinations known: A tracer study of international African doctoral graduates from South Africa’s universities
Authors: Kahn Michael , Oghenetega Joshua
Published: January 2021

The mobility of the highly skilled, summarized as brain drain, brain circulation and brain gain, remains a contentious issue for policy. Even so, the evidence base to inform policy remains poor. This gap is of particular importance to policymakers in countries that experience brain drain. This paper reports on the findings of a tracer study of international African doctoral graduates of South Africa’s leading universities. Since access to student records was problematic, the sample frame was developed by the inspection of library holdings of dissertations. This approach allowed for a representative sample to be surveyed. Contrary to the expectation that the majority of graduates would depart from Africa as a brain drain, it was found that the majority returned home on completion. Some 10% remained in South Africa as a brain gain to the host country, with but 5% leaving Africa. The outcome of their temporary migration was brain circulation and talent development.
Turning parameters effects in residual stresses of AISI 1045 steel
Authors: Biasibetti Guilherme Roberto dos Santos , Nunes Rafael Menezes , de Cesaro Cavaler Luiz Carlos , Vieira Braga Lemos Guilherme , Rocha Alexandre da Silva
Published: January 2021

The main objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of turning parameters on the generation of residual stresses in AISI 1045 steel bars. Therefore, effects of four main parameters as feed rate, cutting velocity, tool nose radius, and rake angle were analyzed. Residual stresses investigation through X-ray diffraction (XRD) was carried out at different depths (surface, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 75 μm). As the samples showed distinct roughness patterns with variable amplitude and shape, and based in a previous work, samples were classified in two main groups accordingly with surface finishing (regular and irregular). The current results showed that feed rate and cutting speed played the major influence on residual stress distributions. Moreover, the tool nose radius affected surface residual stresses, whereas the rake angle did not significantly change it. Finally, samples could be divided in two residual stress groups, showing a direct relation of surface finishing quality and residual stresses.
Random impact FEM simulation of irregularly-shaped media for parametric study of vibratory surface enhancement
Authors: Zhang Jing , Alcaraz Joselito Yam , Yeo Swee-Hock , Nagalingam Arun Prasanth , Gopinath Abhay
Published: January 2021

Aerospace materials experience high levels of mechanical and thermal loading, high/low cycle fatigue, and damage from foreign objects during service, which can lead to premature retirement. Mechanical surface treatments of metallic components, for example, fan blades and blisks, are proven to improve fatigue life, improve wear resistance and avoid stress corrosion by introducing work hardening, compressive residual stresses of sub-surface, and surface finishing. Vibropeening can enhance aerospace materials’ fatigue life involving the kinetic agitation of hardened steel media in a vibratory finishing machine that induces compressive stresses into the component sub-layers while keeping a finished surface. Spherical steel balls are the most widely used shape among steel-based media and have been explored for decades. However, they are not always versatile, which cannot access deep grooves, sharp corners, and intricate profiles. Steel ballcones or satellites, when mixed with round steel balls and other steel media (diagonals, pins, eclipses, cones), works very well in such areas that ball-shaped media are unable to reach. However, a methodology of study the effect of irregularly-shaped media in surface enhancement processes has not been established. This paper proposes a finite element-based model to present a methodology for the parametric study of vibratory surface enhancement with irregularly-shaped media and investigates residual stress profiles within a treated area of an Inconel component. The methodology is discussed in detail, which involves a stochastic simulation of orientation, impact force, and impact location. The contrasting effects of a high aspect ratio, or an edge contact, as opposed to rounded and oblique contacts are demonstrated, with further analysis on the superposition of these effects. Finally, the simulation results are compared with actual residual stress measurements and was found to have a max percent difference of 34% up to 20 [Formula: see text]m below the media surface.
Investigation on dynamic performance of ultra-precision flycutting machine tool based on virtual material method
Authors: An Chenhui , Wei Ruocheng , Wang Zhenzhong , Xu Qiao , Lei Xiangyang , Zhang Jianfeng
Published: January 2021

In the field of ultra-precision machining, the dynamic performance of ultra-precision equipment contributes a lot to the processing accuracy. In this paper, in order to study the dynamic performance of the flycutting machine tool, the virtual material method was adopted creatively to build a machine tool model. This method overcame the complexity of actual structure and obtained more accurate results than traditional methods. Subsequently, the finite element method was applied to analyze the dynamic performance of the virtual material model. Furthermore, the modal test for the flycutting machine tool was performed to verified the simulations by means of the one-point hitting and multi-point measurement. The simulation results indicate that the virtual material model has high comprehensive accuracy, of which the average error of natural frequency is 5.9% and errors are all less than 6% excepting the first order. Moreover, combined with the flycutting experiments, it can be found that the fifth order mode of machine tool contributes a lot to processing quality, which leads to the waviness of 53 mm on the machined surface directly because of the weak stiffness of beam-column joints. By increasing the stiffness of the key joints, the waviness can be eliminated, which greatly improves the surface quality of the workpiece.
Optimal lateral control for autonomous vehicle based on multi-stage handling inverse dynamics
Authors: Zhang Xinglong , Zhao Youqun , Zhang Wenxin , Lin Fen
Published: January 2021

In this paper, an optimal lateral control method for autonomous vehicle based on multi-stage handling inverse dynamics is proposed. By applying this method, the vehicle can be controlled to complete the corresponding driving task without tracking a certain ideal state variable trajectory. Firstly, a separate-stage handling inverse dynamics problem is described; and by setting the connections between each stage, a multi-stage handling inverse dynamics model is developed; then we convert the inverse dynamics problem into an optimal control problem (OCP). Secondly, an improved hp-adaptive Radau pseudospectral method ( hp-RPM) is applied to discrete the continuous OCP; and then the sequential quadratic programming is used to solve the problem. In addition, the results of contrast verification show that, when solving non-smooth problem, the improved hp-RPM has higher computational efficiency than hp-RPM. Finally, simulations under three typical cases and bench tests illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Theoretical analysis of an improved adsorption desalination system under different operating conditions
Authors: Amirfakhraei Amirhossein , Zarei Taleb , Khorshidi Jamshid
Published: January 2021

This paper presents the development of an advanced adsorption desalination system (ADS) with heat and mass recovery. By means of internal heat and mass recovery, this adsorption desalination system (ADS), offers a significantly higher performance ratio compared to the conventional systems. After vapor desorption, the pressure difference in the hot bed is first transmitted to the cold bed using mass recovery. Then, the heat from the hot bed is transferred into the cold bed and, eventually, to the condenser and evaporator, by means of the cold water. Numerical simulations for this system are compared to a verified experimental model, and then developed to study the effect of the operating parameters. The level of SDWP or specific daily water production for this ADS was found to be 13.48 m^3/ton of silica gel/day at a hot water temperature of 92.5 (°C) and a cold water temperature of 30 (°C). Consequently, in these operating conditions, the SDWP of the advanced ADS was found to be 153% more than the conventional ADS. Also, at the same temperature conditions, the performance ratio of the ADS with heat and mass recovery was 35% higher than the ADS without heat and mass recovery.
Library collections and services during Covid-19: Qatar National Library experience
Authors: Medawar Katia , Tabet Myrna
Published: January 2021

The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic made a tragic impact on the entire world throughout the economy, education, businesses, health, jobs and so on. In order to survive this disease, and to minimise the losses, most of the businesses and educational institutions switched to the virtual and offered online services with the help of technology. This article describes how Qatar National Library embraced the situation and what it offered in terms of collections, services and support.
Urinary leucine aminopeptidase 3 in population environmentally exposed to airborne arsenic
Authors: Skoczynska Anna , Skoczynska Marta , Wojakowska Anna , Turczyn Barbara , Gruszczynski Leszek , Scieszka Marek
Published: January 2021

Introduction:

Environmental arsenic contamination is a major toxicological problem worldwide due to its carcinogenic and nephrotoxic potential.

Aim:

The purpose of this observational study was to determine the suspected association between urinary arsenic (uAs) and urinary leucine (or leucyl) aminopeptidase 3 (uLAP3) to evaluate uLAP3 as a candidate biomarker of exposure to airborne arsenic.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 918 adults occupationally and/or environmentally exposed to airborne arsenic were enrolled in the study. Baseline information (age; sex; history of smoking; alcohol, fish and seafood consumption) was gathered. Total uAs concentrations [μg/L] of 918 subjects, as well as the sum of arsenic species (ΣiAs) in 259 subjects, were obtained. Urinary LAP3 was measured by an immune-enzymatic assay using an ELISA kit. Urinary creatinine concentration was assessed with the IB/lAB/1289 research protocol (version II, 2015-09-17). The values of uAs and uLAP3 were recalculated per unit of creatinine. The association between uAs and uLAP3 was assessed using a logistic regression model adjusted for confounders.

Results:

The study identified a positive correlation between the logarithm of uAs and the logarithm of uLAP3 in the study population (r = 0.1737, p < 0.0000) and between urinary creatinine and uLAP3 concentration not adjusted for creatinine level (r = 0.1871, p < 0.001). In the logistic regression model, there was also an association between increased (≥15 µg/L) uAs and decreased (below the 25th quartile) uLAP3 [OR uLAP3 = 1.22 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.44, p < 0.02)].

Conclusions:

These data suggest that urinary LAP3 may be a potential biomarker of arsenic exposure, which warrants further study.
Systematic Literature Searching in Social Work: A Practical Guide With Database Appraisal
Authors: Pascoe Katheryn Margaret , Waterhouse-Bradley Bethany , McGinn Tony
Published: January 2021

Context:

In response to the growth of evidence-based practice in social work, systematic literature reviews offer significant value to social work but are often met with concerns of time scarcity.

Purpose:

Through a case study search strategy addressing the research question “What are practicing frontline social workers’ experiences of bureaucracy?,” this article seeks to promote efficiency by providing a practical guide for conducting systematic literature searches and an appraisal of database performance in qualitative social work research.

Method:

The total citations, unique hits, sensitivity, and precision for each database were calculated before conducting a cross-study comparison with three previously published social work systematic searches to identify emerging performance trends.

Results/Conclusion:

Relying on a single database is subject to bias and will not provide comprehensive or sensitive findings; however, due to consistent high performance across four systematic searches, Applied Social Science Index and Abstracts, Social Services Abstracts, and Social Science Citation Index are recommended for future literature searching in social work.
Heart to Heart Cards: A Novel, Culturally Tailored, Community-Based Advance Care Planning Tool for Chinese Americans
Authors: Jia Zhimeng , Stokes Sandy C. , Pan Shirley Y. , Leiter Richard E. , Lum Hillary D. , Pan Cynthia X.
Published: January 2021

Context:

A paucity of literature describes the growing Chinese American community’s end-of-life (EOL) priorities and preferences.

Objective:

Develop a culturally-tailored advance care planning (ACP) tool to understand the EOL preferences of this underserved minority group.

Methods:

Informed by the Cultural Appropriateness Theory, the Chinese American Coalition for Compassionate Care (CACCC) developed Heart to Heart (HTH) Cards using a 3-step approach. First, CACCC created and refined a list of bilingual, culturally relevant EOL issues. Next, CACCC organized the EOL issues into a card deck. Finally, CACCC developed a unique playstyle of the cards—the HTH Café. From 2014-2019, CACCC recruited Chinese American volunteers and participants for HTH Cafés. Following each Café, participants completed an anonymous survey describing their sociodemographics, top 3 cards, and café evaluation.

Results:

The 54 HTH Cards were organized into 4 suits (spiritual, physical, financial/legal, and social). Each card displayed a culturally-tailored EOL issue in English and Chinese. Playstyles included one-on-one and group formats (ie. HTH Café). CACCC volunteers conducted 316 HTH Cafés for 2,267 Chinese American adults. Most participants were female (61.6%), between 18-50 years old (56.7%), lived in California (80.2%) and born in Asia (74.3%). The top priority (25.5%) was “If I’m going to die anyway, I don’t want to be kept alive by machines.” Participants thought the session was pleasant (99.5%) and expressed intent to complete advance directives (86.5%).

Conclusion:

HTH Cards represents the first, theory-driven, culturally-tailored ACP tool for Chinese Americans. More research is needed to establish its impact on ACP conversations and outcomes.
Extemporaneous compounding and administration of tretinoin slurry for acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Przybylski Daniel J , Jared Jason R , Fallon Michael J
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a potentially curable malignancy with 4-year overall survival rates >90%. Early complications from the disease or its treatment may result in a loss of oral access and require alternative administration of medications. Tretinoin has been the backbone of APL therapy since the late 1990s and is only available as a liquid filled capsule.

Case report

Two patients with high-risk APL were unable to safely swallow tretinoin capsules due to complications of their disease.

Management & outcome

We prepared a tretinoin slurry using tretinoin 10 mg capsules, sterile water, and mineral oil at a ratio of 1 capsule to 2.75 mL sterile water to 1.25 mL mineral oil. This was successfully administered to both patients and no doses of tretinoin slurry were missed by either patient. In the patient who has long-term follow up available, a complete remission was achieved.

Discussion

Due to tretinoin’s known teratogenicity, this capsule should not be crushed, cut, or open, which limits its use in patients without oral access. Alternative routes of administration, such as via a nasogastric tube or sublingually, have not been safe and effective. By preparing a tretinoin slurry in our hazardous extemporaneous compounding area, we were able to safely and effectively prepare a tretinoin slurry that was successfully administered to two patients. This alternative preparation did not alter long-term outcomes and represents a viable option for patients who do not have oral access.
The significance of ultrasound biomicroscopy in the objective assessment of post-trabeculectomy bleb success
Authors: Özen Bediz , Yüce Berna , Öztürk Hakan
Published: January 2021

Purpose:

To compare clinical characteristics and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) measurements of cases with functional and non-functional blebs, and to identify potential risk factors capable of affecting UBM parameters.

Methods:

Thirty-one patients aged 40–79 were included. Following trabeculectomy, cases were divided into two groups as those with functional bleb (Group 1, n = 20) and those with non-functional bleb (Group 2, n = 11). UBM was performed.

Results:

In Group 1 compared to Group 2, lower postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) (12.1 ± 1.7 vs 27.2 ± 3.2 mmHg, p < 0.001), greater bleb height (1.0 ± 0.2 vs 0.5 ± 0.3 mm, p < 0.001), greater scleral route visibility [16/20 (80%) vs 4/11 (36.4%), p = 0.023] and lower bleb reflectivity (1.8 ± 0.2 vs 2.4 ± 0.4, p = 0.015) were observed. In Group 1, as postoperative IOP decreased, bleb height and scleral route visibility increased ( r = −0.387, p = 0.029 for bleb height; r = −0.374, p = 0.033 for scleral route), and bleb reflectivity decreased ( r = 0.359, p = 0.042). In Group 1, as duration of preoperative antiglaucoma drug use increased, bleb reflectivity increased ( r = 0.348, p = 0.046). Preoperative IOP and number of preoperative antiglaucoma drug use had no effect on UBM parameters in groups ( p > 0.05).

Conclusion:

UBM is useful in assessing bleb success. Lower bleb reflectivity, greater bleb height and greater scleral route visibility indicate that the bleb is functional. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating effects of preoperative IOP, number and duration of preoperative antiglaucoma drug use on UBM parameters. In cases with functional bleb, duration of preoperative drug use affects only bleb reflectivity, while postoperative IOP affects bleb height, scleral route visibility and bleb reflectivity.
Technical success and safety of peripherally inserted central catheters in the great saphenous and anterior accessory great saphenous veins
Authors: Jin Mauricio F , Thompson Scott M , Comstock Ann C , Levy Emily R , Reisenauer Christopher J , McPhail Ian R , Takahashi Edwin A
Published: January 2021

Background:

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) are occasionally placed in the great saphenous vein (GSV) and anterior accessory great saphenous vein (AAGSV) in patients with inadequate upper extremity veins or contraindications to upper extremity placement. Outcomes on the placement of PICCs in these veins are limited.

Objectives:

This study aimed to determine technical success and safety of GSV/AAGSV PICCs.

Materials and methods:

This is a retrospective study that reviewed all GSV/AAGSV PICC placements between January 2011 and December 2019. A total of 29 PICC placements procedures were identified. The electronic medical record was queried for demographic, procedural, and complication data. Technical success was defined by whether the vein could be accessed and a PICC could be placed. Catheter-associated infections, dislodgement or migration, malfunction, and PICC-associated thrombosis were recorded.

Results:

Technical success of placement was 100%. Twenty-one (72%) catheters were placed in the GSV in the mid to upper thigh and eight (28%) were placed in the AAGSV. The median PICC dwell time was 13 days with a range of 3–155 days. PICC-associated complications occurred after 11 (37.9%) placements. Line associated infection was the most common complication (17.2%).

Conclusion:

Due to a high complication rate, GSV/AAGSV PICC placement should be considered only when upper extremity or cervical PICC placement is not feasible or contraindicated.
Development of tomography–transmission electron microscope (TEM) specimen holder stable under acoustic disturbances
Authors: Bataineh Khaled
Published: January 2021

This paper focuses on the development of tomography—transmission electron microscope (TEM) specimen holder stable under environment effect that allows atomic resolution. The successful holder must be dynamically stable for accuracy and image processes to obtain an atomic resolution, with a minimum controllable drift of the sample position. Different strategies to reduce the effect of acoustic disturbances are investigated. The approach to the problem has been two-fold, numerical and experimental. The effect of mechanical and acoustic noise is analyzed. Finite element results match very well previous experimental results and observations. Theoretical analysis showed that air pressure fluctuations have a significant impact on microscopes with side entry goniometers, especially when the exciting frequency matches a vibration mode of the sample holder. For example, finite element analysis (FEA) predicts that the tip deflections are 4.5 Å and 0.09 Å under air pressure excitation of 64 and 40 dB respectively. Utilizing a sandwiched constrained damping shell layer made of viscoelastic material that partially covers the inner part of TEM holder body successfully decreased the vibration. Finite element simulations predict that a shell layer of viscoelastic material with a thickness equal to the 1/10 of the body holder diameter reduces the vibrations by 30%. The viscoelastic layer shell thickness, loss factor, and elastic modulus have a strong effect on the damping behavior and the optimal combination should be determined.
Do party primaries punish women? Revisiting the trade-off between the inclusion of party members and the selection of women as party leaders
Authors: Astudillo Javier , Paneque Andreu
Published: January 2021

This paper examines the effect of party primaries on women’s chances of winning a leadership contest in eight Western parliamentary countries since 1985. By doing so, we revisit an ongoing debate about a possible trade-off between the democratic values of ‘inclusion’ of party members and ‘representation’ of excluded groups that this type of selection method may involve. Using an original data set consisting of 608 candidates who participated in 168 leadership mixed-gender contests at the national or regional level, we show that female candidates perform worse under party primaries. This finding holds even after controlling for the type of candidate competing. We therefore sustain the argument that this leadership selection mechanism, in its current format, involves a trade-off between ‘inclusion’ and ‘representation’.
Ecological correlates of Spanish preschoolers’ physical activity and sedentary behaviours during structured movement sessions
Authors: Lahuerta-Contell Sara , Molina-García Javier , Queralt Ana , Bernabé-Villodre María del Mar , Martínez-Bello Vladimir E
Published: January 2021

From an ecological perspective that understands health behaviours to be the result of interactions between personal, psychosocial and environmental factors, different authors have described patterns and correlations between physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours (SB) in physical education (PE). However, to our knowledge there have been no systematic evaluations of the PA levels and patterns during structured movement sessions in preschool children in Spain. Therefore, the aims of this study were: (a) to identify the individual, social and environmental factors that influence PA levels and patterns during structured movement sessions; (b) to assess PA and SB levels during these sessions in a preschool population in our country; and (c) to validate the use of the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time (SOFIT) in Spanish preschoolers to assess PA and SB levels, using accelerometry as the reference method. Our major findings were that: (a) young children were physically active for more than 60% of the structured movement sessions; (b) boys were significantly more active than girls; (c) the lesson context of free play was associated with low levels of SB; (d) solitary and borderline interaction patterns during structured movement sessions significantly increased moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA; (e) social interaction was generally between the same gender; and (f) teachers spent most of the time observing. This study also provides an argument for reconsidering the responsibilities of early childhood education institutions and practitioners in developing structured PA opportunities in the framework of free exploration and communication.
Is there a relationship between spirituality/religiosity and resilience? A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Schwalm Fábio Duarte , Zandavalli Rafaela Brugalli , de Castro Filho Eno Dias , Lucchetti Giancarlo
Published: January 2021

Resilience is the ability to recover or cope with adverse situations. Spiritual and religious beliefs may be associated with important “resilience resources.” To investigate whether there is a relationship between spirituality/religiosity (S/R) and resilience. This is a systematic review (observational studies) with meta-analysis following the PRISMA guidelines. From a total of 2468 articles, 34 observational studies were included. We identified a moderate positive correlation between S/R and resilience ( r = 0.40 (95% CI, 0.32–0.48], p < 0.01). When only high-quality articles were included, the results were maintained. Conclusion: A moderate positive correlation was found between S/R and resilience.
Psychedelics, placebo effects, and set and setting: Insights from common factors theory of psychotherapy
Authors: Gukasyan Natalie , Nayak Sandeep M.
Published: January 2021

Psychedelic-assisted treatment is at first glance markedly different in structure and approach from mainstream forms of psychotherapy in the West. A major criticism of clinical psychedelic research rests on the difficulty of executing placebo-controlled studies and distinguishing drug effects from those of the psychotherapeutic container in which psychedelics are typically presented. Detractors also tend to find fault in spiritual or mystical themes that often arise in the context of psychedelic use. Common factors theory of psychotherapy is a useful and extensively studied framework that can help make sense of these issues, and has much to contribute to our understanding of contextual effects that are often discussed in psychedelic literature as “set and setting.” In this article, we examine four major contextual “common factors” shared by various healing traditions: 1) the therapeutic relationship; 2) the healing setting; 3) the rationale, conceptual scheme, or myth; and 4) the ritual. We explain how these factors show up in psychedelic-assisted treatment and how they may contribute to therapeutic effects. Lastly, we discuss the implications of these factors for the concept of placebo, and for future research.
Chronicle of a death foretold: The enactment of patriarchy and class in print newspaper readership
Authors: Mitchelstein Eugenia , Boczkowski Pablo J , Suenzo Facundo
Published: January 2021

This research examines the role of gender and class inequalities in the experience of reading print newspapers. We draw on data from two complementary sources: a survey of news, technology and entertainment consumption ( n = 700) administered in the greater Buenos Aires area, and 158 semi-structured interviews conducted in the City of Buenos Aires and other towns in Argentina. Our findings indicate that although news consumption in general appears to be evenly distributed, with no significant gaps according to age, gender, education and socioeconomic status, print newspaper consumption seems to be the preserve of older, more affluent, mostly male audiences in ways that reinforce patriarchal family patterns – it is usually husbands and fathers who decide for the entire household which newspaper is purchased and when that takes place. In addition, newspaper reading is carried on by those at the top of the income-earning pyramid, and reinforces class status mainly due to the persistent associations between newspaper readership, civic duty, and professional prestige. We conclude by reflecting on the implications of these trends for print newspapers and their role in society.
“Depends who it is”: Towards a relational understanding of the use of adult-child touch in residential child care
Authors: Warwick Lisa
Published: January 2021

This article theorises adult-child touch in residential child care as a relational practice, contributing to an emergent literature on residential child care, and conceptualises residential child care as a Lifespace. It responds to an on-going debate surrounding the use of touch in the sector, which has attracted academic attention since the early 1990s as a result of abuse scandals, the ensuing ‘no touch’ policies and a growing body of research identifying touch as an important aspect of child development. The paper draws upon a six-month ethnographic study of residential child care, which was explicitly designed to observe everyday interactions between residential care workers and young people. The findings suggest that touch cannot be discussed in isolation from either relationships or a contextual understanding of relationships in the specific context of residential child care. The study found that touch is unavoidable, relational and that dichotomous understandings of touch continue to present issues for both theory and practice.
Applying Google Trends’ Search Popularity Indicator to Professional Cycling
Authors: Genoe Alexander , Rousseau Ronald , Rousseau Sandra
Published: January 2021

This study uses Google Trends data to analyze the impact of the main events in the Tour de France 2019 on cyclists’ online popularity in 12 countries and at a global scale. A fixed effects panel model revealed a strong own-country preference. While online popularity increased with the duration of the Tour, race incidents strongly influenced online popularity. Besides the yellow jersey, winning a stage was more important than wearing the green, white or polka dot jersey for most regions. Still, on a global scale, young cyclists’ online popularity benefited more from wearing the white jersey than from winning a Tour stage.
MYBPC2 and MYL1 as Significant Gene Markers for Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Chen Zihang , Li Xing-yu , Guo Peng , Wang Dong-lai
Published: January 2021

Background:

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue tumor in children. Rhabdomyosarcoma commonly results in pain and bleeding caused by tumor compression and is prone to early metastasis and recurrence, which can seriously affect the therapeutic outcomes and long-term prognosis. Up to 37.7% of rhabdomyosarcomas may metastasize. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms underlying rhabdomyosarcoma must be explored to identify an effective target for its early diagnosis and specific treatment.

Methods:

A dataset of 18 rhabdomyosarcoma tissue samples and 6 healthy skeletal muscle samples was downloaded. Differentially expressed genes between rhabdomyosarcoma and healthy tissue samples were identified by GEO2R. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and gene ontology pathway enrichment analyses were performed. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed, and hub genes were identified. Expression and survival analyses of hub genes were performed. Additionally, 30 patients with rhabdomyosarcoma were recruited, and overall survival information and samples were collected. Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were performed to verify the expression of MYBPC2 and MYL1 in rhabdomyosarcoma tumor tissues. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to explore overall survival based on our clinical data.

Results:

In total, 164 genes were up-regulated and 394 were down-regulated in rhabdomyosarcoma tumor tissues. Gene ontology analysis revealed that variations were predominantly enriched in the cell cycle, muscle contraction, muscle system processes, cytoskeleton, nucleotide binding, and cytoskeletal protein binding. The protein–protein interaction network revealed 3274 edges, and 441 nodes were constructed. Ten hub genes were identified; of these, MYBPC2 and MYL1 were significantly up-regulated in rhabdomyosarcoma. Compared with the healthy group, patients with rhabdomyosarcoma exhibiting high expression of MYBPC2 and MYL1 exhibited significantly worse overall survival.

Conclusions:

We found differentially expressed genes between rhabdomyosarcoma and healthy tissue samples. MYBPC2 and MYL1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of rhabdomyosarcoma and therefore deserve further exploration.
Knockdown of 91 H Suppresses the Tumorigenesis of Osteosarcoma via Inducing Methylation of CDK4 Promoter
Authors: Cheng Suoli , Zheng Jianping , Liu Xueqin , Shi Jiandang , Gong Fan , Zhang Xu , Liu Changhao , Liu Cuiyun
Published: January 2021

Background:

Osteosarcoma is the most leading primary malignancy of the bone in adolescents all over the world. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) 91 H has been reported to participated in multiple cancers. Meanwhile, lncRNA 91 H has been proved to be upregulated in osteosarcoma. However, the function of 91 H in osteosarcoma remains unclear.

Methods:

Gene and protein expressions in osteosarcoma cells were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Cell viability was tested by CCK-8 assay. Ki67 staining was used to measure cell proliferation. Cell apoptosis and cycle were assessed by flow cytometry. In addition, transwell assay was used to detect cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was performed to test the methylation of CDK4 promoter. Finally, xenograft mice model was established to explore the role of 91 H in osteosarcoma in vivo.

Results:

Knockdown of 91 H significantly inhibited the growth of osteosarcoma cells via inducing the cell apoptosis. In addition, 91 H siRNA notably suppressed the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Meanwhile, knockdown of 91 H inhibited the progression of osteosarcoma via inducing methylation of CDK4 promoter. Furthermore, 91 H knockdown obviously induced G1 arrest in osteosarcoma cells via inhibition of PCNA and Cyclin D1. Finally, knockdown of 91 H notably inhibited the tumor growth of osteosarcoma in vivo.

Conclusion:

knockdown of 91 H suppressed the tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma via inducing methylation of CDK4 promoter in vitro and in vivo. Thus, 91 H may serve as a new target for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
Well-Being Therapy for Depressive Symptoms in Chronic Migraine: A Case Report
Authors: Mansueto Giovanni , Cosci Fiammetta
Published: January 2021

Depression in chronic migraine is a common and vexing problem. Stress-oriented psychotherapies showed to improve depressive symptoms but not to affect migraine disability or attacks. Well-Being Therapy (WBT) is a short-term psychotherapy intervention based on promoting well-being and optimizing functioning, which showed to be effective in the treatment of residual depressive symptoms and chronic pain. This single case describes an account of successful WBT for a case of chronic migraine with depressive symptoms. The patient is a 37-year old employed, engaged, Caucasian heterosexual woman who had chronic migraine without aura and depressive symptoms and received eight WBT sessions. Number of migraine attacks, migraine disability, and psychological variables were assessed at baseline, at sessions 4 and 8 of WBT, and at 3-month follow-up. At session 8 of WBT, a decrease in number of migraine attacks and migraine disability was observed together with an improvement on depressive symptoms as well as an increase of well-being and euthymia. The positive effects of WBT were maintained at 3-month follow-up. WBT may be a promising intervention for chronic migraine patients with depressive symptoms.
Temperature rise characteristics for angular-contact ball bearings with oil-air lubrication based on fluid-solid conjugate heat transfer
Authors: Li Miaomiao , Wang Yu , Chen Weifang , Zhu Rupeng
Published: January 2021

At present, the thermal analysis of oil-air-lubricated angular-contact ball bearings uses empirical heat transfer coefficients to calculate heat transfer. This approach presents problems such as simulating the actual lubrication flow field and ignoring the internal heat conduction in the bearing ring. This paper proposes a CFD steady-state analysis model of oil-air-lubricated angular-contact ball bearings based on fluid-solid conjugate heat transfer to analyze the flow field and temperature field. A temperature rise test of oil-air-lubricated angular-contact ball bearings was carried out to verify the positive determination of the simulation analysis results. Based on a fluid-solid conjugate heat transfer steady-state analysis model, the effects of lubrication parameters, operating conditions, and rolling element materials on the temperature rise characteristics of oil-air-lubricated angular-contact ball bearings were studied. The research results provide a method for analyzing the temperature rise characteristics of oil-lubricated bearings and provide a basis for the analysis of oil-lubricated bearing life.
VNTR2/VNTR3 genotype in the FCGRT gene is associated with reduced effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin in patients with myasthenia gravis
Authors: Su Shengyao , Liu Qing , Zhang Xueping , Wen Xinmei , Lei Lin , Shen Faxiu , Fan Zhirong , Duo Jianying , Lu Yan , Di Li , Wang Min , Chen Hai , Zhu Wenjia , Xu Min , Wang Suobin , Da Yuwei
Published: January 2021

Background:

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been commonly used to treat myasthenia gravis exacerbation, but is still ineffective in nearly 30% of patients. A variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the FCGRT gene has been found to reduce the efficiency of IgG biologics. However, whether the polymorphism influences the efficacy of IVIG in generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) patients with exacerbations remains unknown.

Methods:

The distribution of VNTR genotypes was analyzed in 334 patients with MG. Varied VNTR alleles were determined by capillary electrophoresis and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Information of endogenous IgG levels were collected in patients without previous immunotherapy ( n = 26). Medical records of patients who received IVIG therapy were retrospectively analyzed for therapeutic outcomes of IVIG treatment ( n = 61). Patients whose Activities of Daily Living scores decreased by 2 or more points on day 14 were considered responders to the treatment.

Results:

The VNTR3/3 and VNTR2/3 genotypes were detected in 96.7% (323/334) and 3.4% (11/334) patients, respectively. Patients with VNTR2/3 heterozygosity had lower endogenous IgG levels than those with VNTR3/3 homozygosity (9.81 ± 2.61 g/L versus 12.41 ± 2.45g/L, p = 0.016). The response rate of IVIG therapy was 78.7% (48/61). All responders and nine non-responders were VNTR3/3 homozygotes, whereas all the patients with VNTR2/3 genotypes were non-responders ( n = 4). In patients who took IVIG treatments, endogenous IgG levels were significantly lower in non-responders compared with responders (12.93 ± 2.24 g/L versus 8.85 ± 2.69 g/L, p = 0.006), especially in VNTR2/3 heterozygotes (7.86 ± 1.78 g/L, p = 0.001).

Conclusion:

The VNTR2/3 genotype could influence endogenous IgG levels and serve as a predictive marker for poor responses to IVIG in MG patients.