bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL GENESIS OF THE IDEA OF CIVIL SOCIETY FROM ANTIQUITY TO THE XX CENTURY
Authors:   Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University named after Boris Yeltsin, Bektanova Aigul
Published: February 2024

The article carries out a historical and philosophical study of the genesis and evolution of the idea of civil society, on the basis of a comparative historical and philosophical analysis reveals the similarities and differences of the main philosophical traditions of civil society in the framework of its classical interpretation. Three stages in the evolution of the concept of “civil society” are distinguished. It is noted that the foundations of the natural-legal approach to the interpretation of civil society were laid by the ancient thinkers Plato, Aristotle and Cicero. Particular attention is paid to the concepts of civil society that emerged in the West during the New Age. During this period, three basic theoretical positions on civil society emerged - Anglo-American, French and German.
SOCIAL AND HIDDEN ORPHANS IN KYRGYZSTAN
Authors:   Research Center, Salmorbekova Rita , Karimova Kunduz ,   Osh State University
Published: February 2024

A new layer and population group called “social orphans” has appeared in Kyrgyzstan. Increasing values of material values, the maintenance of society has undergone a radical change. If we are talking about a simple language, then this is when a child with living biological parents remains, for some reason, without education in society. In these children, parents are deprived of parental rights. Children in this world live with their parents, but parents have negative consequences for each other. In such situations, children may be left completely without material and moral care. Moreover, this requires the attention of the state and the public. As a result, the same social orphans are children with living biological parents, because of various problems they cannot provide support and raise their children. In such cases, the state takes care of the children. Here, children are not legally deprived of parental rights, but in fact, they cannot provide for their children. The phenomenon of social orphanhood in the minds of Kyrgyz society at this time is associated with common complex reasons: political, social, medical, psychological and other reasons.
PREPARATION OF HERBAL SOAP FROM STINGING NETTLE AND TREATMENT OF SKIN DISEASES
Authors:   Osh State University, Tangatarova Salamat , Abdullaeva Zhypargul ,   Osh State University
Published: February 2024

In this article, the authors are describing the preparation of herbal soap from the stinging nettle and treatment of skin diseases. Stinging nettle plant characterized by fine hairs in the leaves and stems, the release of chemicals, stinging and triggering inflammation that cause redness, and irritation to the skin. Various kinds of herbal soaps produced recently from plant extracts for cosmetic purposes, treatment of skin disorders. Herbal soap obtained from the stinging nettle herb by saponification reaction in the alkaline medium is effective in the treatment of acne, eczema, viral infections, dermatitis, and other skin disorders.
Cleansing shame: Airing South Africa's 'Dirty Laundry'
Authors: Orton Dineke
Published: February 2024

The experience of rape is intensely shaming, particularly because of the humiliation that stems from being violated by another person and the loss of control endured because of it. Survivors often feel stained or contaminated in the aftermath of rape and fear the disclosure of this seemingly 'negative information' about themselves. In this study, I examine the exhibition, SA's Dirty Laundry (2016), by Jenny Nijenhuis and Nondimiso Msimanga that was installed in the streets of Johannesburg's Maboneng precinct. Used panties donated by rape survivors were installed on a washing line to act as placeholders for individual self-narratives. In this way, the presence of survivors was staged without explicitly referring to them. By unpacking associations linked to panties, I illustrate how these small pieces of clothing could reference the shaming survivors often face. So-called 'dirty laundry' is referenced as a conceptual tactic through the curatorial display mechanisms: panties are displayed on a washing line-a common domestic device used when cleaning. Apart from this interplay, I emphasise the value of collaboration in this project and the advantages of braving vulnerability.
Understanding Brain Functions of Prospective Biology Teachers From An Educational Neuroscience Perspective: A Qualitative Study With A Phenomenological Design
Authors: ALPER İrem Selin , AKPINARLI Sena Seçil , MERCAN Gamze , KÖSEOĞLU Pınar
Published: February 2024

: In recent years, educational neuroscience, a new field examining the interaction between neuroscience and education, has gained importance. This field stands out as an approach that aims to utilize neuroscience research to understand brain functioning and learning processes. Biology teacher candidates are the cornerstone of biology education and play a crucial role in not only teaching biology topics to students but also guiding them towards learning and using effective learning strategies. Therefore, the knowledge and understanding of educational neuroscience among prospective biology teachers are of critical importance in understanding factors that influence learning processes and developing instructional strategies. The aim of this research is to examine the level of understanding and misconceptions of brain functions from the perspective of educational neuroscience among biology teacher candidates. The study also aims to identify the knowledge and understanding of prospective biology teachers regarding educational neuroscience and enhance awareness in this field. The research utilized a qualitative research method called phenomenology. The study group consisted of 16 prospective biology teachers studying at a state university in Turkey. Semi-structured interview questions were used as the data collection tool, and the obtained data were analyzed through content analysis. The findings were examined under the categories of "Concept of Educational Neuroscience," "Relationship between Educational Neuroscience and Unhealthy Food Preferences," "Educational Neuroscience and Playing Brain Games," and "Technology Use in Preferred Tasks and Reducing Boredom Threshold." The participants' views regarding the concept of educational neuroscience, its relationship with unhealthy food preferences, the relationship between playing brain games and cognitive development, and the use of technology in preferred tasks to reduce the threshold of boredom were revealed. The results of the research highlight the importance of increasing awareness of educational neuroscience among prospective biology teachers and emphasizing educational neuroscience in teacher training programs. Additionally, it is recommended to develop effective strategies to reduce conceptual misconceptions regarding brain functioning among teacher candidates.
Метафизика. Современное введение
Authors: Лакс Майкл Дж. , Крисп Томас М.
Published: February 2024

Книга представляет собой подробное введение в метафизику — раздел философии, стремящийся ответить на вопрос, каковы основные виды существующих вещей и как они соотносятся между собой. Например, реальны ли прошлое и будущее или же есть лишь настоящее? Авторы анализируют развитие дискуссий и современные взгляды на такие темы, как проблема универсалий, части и целое, необходимость и возможность, существование объектов во времени и др. Читатель познакомится с различными теориями причинно-следственных отношений и узнает о рациональных основаниях считать, что метафизика может открывать нам структуру бытия. Книга включает в себя обширную библиографию и список литературы для дальнейшего изучения. Издание будет полезно как тем, кто только приступает к изучению метафизики, так и специалистам.
SOP for BCA protein assay and western immunoblotting v1
Authors: G Tansey Malu
Published: February 2024

SOP for BCA protein assay and western immunoblotting
Purification of Total RNA from Cells Using Spin Technology v1
Authors: G Tansey Malu
Published: February 2024

Purification of Total RNA from Cells Using Spin Technology
Baermann Funnel Extraction v1
Authors: A Schlenker Casey
Published: February 2024

Baermann Funnel Extraction
Pipetting v2
Authors: Goller Carlos , Sjogren Carly
Published: February 2024

Overview and Goals Lab micropipettes allow us to accurately transfer small volumes of liquids. Units to measure small volumes with micropipettes are: microliter (uL) and milliliter (mL). There are 1000 uL in 1 mL). Effectively using lab micropipettes is a valuable skill that takes practice! We will work together to learn and improve our pipetting to improve accuracy. After completing this lab you will gain the following lab skills: Lab safety and proper personal protective equipment (PPE) Pipetting with micropipettes
Conceptual Metaphors in Reporting on the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan’s NHK Newspaper: A Cognitive Semantics Analysis
Authors: Mustaqim Ilham Hijrah , Nur Tajudin
Published: February 2024

This research is a cognitive semantic study using qualitative methods on conceptual metaphors used in reporting on the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. The theory used is conceptual metaphor theory by Lakoff and Johnson (2003) and image schema theory by Croft and Cruse (2004). The data collection method used was the method of free-living and proficient viewing, while the data review method used was the referential equivalent method. The data was taken from six online news articles in the Japanese-language NHK newspaper. This study aims to describe the classification of conceptual metaphors and image schemes that appear in the news regarding the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. There were 13 data found, which were divided into 3 structural metaphors, 4 orientational metaphors, and 6 ontological metaphors. Based on the image schema, the data is also divided into 5 forces, 4 scales, 1 space, 1 existence, and one schemes container. The concept mapping of the metaphor in this study is the depiction of COVID-19 as an enemy, government policies as medicine, and the process of handling COVID-19 as a way forward on the road. In terms of image schema, the metaphor used tends to be a force, depicting COVID-19 as an opponent or obstacle.
Japanese Accent Pronunciation Error by Japanese Learners in Elementary and Intermediate Level
Authors: Maheswara Dimas , Setiawan Hari , Sarjani Andi Irma
Published: February 2024

This research discusses errors in the pronunciation of Japanese accents by Japanese learners. This study aims to determine the forms and causes of accents pronunciation errors in Japanese learners as well as Japanese learners’ comprehension of Japanese accent. The data used are speech data (word and sentence) of 18 people who are students of Japanese literature at a private university in Jakarta, in their 3rd and 4th years (hereafter written as respondents). As comparison data, this research uses Japanese native speaker data from Tokyo and electronic speech data from OJAD (Online Japanese Accent Dictionary). This research used a qualitative research method. Praat application also used to get a detailed visual description of Japanese speech from respondents. The results of this research found a form of error in the form of accent changes that do not match the speech data per word and sentence. The cause of accent errors was the lack of attention to the accent and the lack of learning about accents in the respondent’s learning environment. It was also found that 80% of respondents had minimal understanding of Japanese accents.
JAPANEDU Volume 7 Issue 2, December 2022 Front Matter
Authors: JAPANEDU Editor in Chief
Published: February 2024

Front Matter of  JAPANEDU Volume 7 Issue 2, December 2022
Sherpur’s Students Perception of Yeats Themes Representing Ireland and Its’ Connection to Japan’s Noh
Authors: Karmaker Ritesh , Malaker Shamoly
Published: February 2024

The article shows that W. B. Yeats' themes have drawn attention to how Ireland's history and culture have developed. Irish bard W. B. Yeats is a pioneer who is advancing his country's culture, society, and civilization. To maintain the political cacophony of his nation while maintaining the impression of Ireland's atmospheric layout in his literature, he is constantly seen upholding it. His philosophical thoughts and concepts soften the edge of Ireland's independence. He uses the themes to make a point about coming up with ideas. In his themes, he demonstrates his writing style and presentational structure. Yeats' perspective on politics systematizing literary themes has caught the enormity of writing impetus. This article shows a qualitative approach to the use of themes Yeats. The themes in W. B. Yeats' creation are on display, and the spontaneous attitudes that he used to shape the portrayal of Ireland are the presentation's heart and soul. The use of themes has been put to signify the motif of Yeats in Sherpur Sadar, Bangladesh. Astonishingly, the significance of Yeats influences the students living far away from Ireland. Here the concerned bodies opine on the various aspect of Yeats’ themes and a brief analysis of its’ connection with Japan’s Noh or Nogaku which essentially influenced Yeats’ works.
The Acquisition of Japanese Case Particles by Indonesian Learners of Japanese: Focusing on the Concept of Kou “Argument” of Verb
Authors: Maarif Samsul
Published: February 2024

This research is a continuation of previous research. In previous research, the author examined the effect of the theoretical explanation of the Japanese adnominal clause on the learners’ understanding. However, in this research, it was discovered that students’ knowledge of case particles in Japanese is a key determinant of understanding Japanese adnominal clauses. In this research, the author tries to examine the effect of students’ understanding of case particles in Japanese through the concept of Kou (argument) in verbs. In line with previous research, in this research, the author also tries to bridge the theoretical concepts of linguistics so that they can be applied to Japanese language learning in the classroom. In this research, the author took 20 second-year students as a sample and divided them into two groups. In the experimental group, the author used the Focus on Form (FoF) method to teach the concept of the verb “argument” so that students could determine the correct Japanese case particles. Meanwhile, in group control, they only do pattern practice exercises like a normal class. The test analysis results of the two groups after attending the experimental class did not show any significant differences. In future research, it is necessary to look at the long-term influence of applying linguistic theory in the classroom.
Japan’s Success Story in Fostering Collective Responsibility in Suicide Prevention: The Power of Unity
Authors: Adeoye Moses Adeleke , Akinnubi Paul Olaolu
Published: February 2024

Drawing insights from Japan’s inspiring initiatives, this article uncovers the valuable lessons that can be learned in addressing suicide issues with collective responsibility. This study attempts to investigate the importance of cooperation in Japan’s effectiveness in promoting collective responsibility for suicide prevention. Suicide is a significant public health issue around the world, and Japan has historically had high suicide rates. However, by employing several initiatives that prioritize shared responsibility and community involvement, Japan has recently achieved impressive strides in reducing suicide rates. This paper analyzes the crucial elements such as cultural elements, social support networks, and government initiatives that have contributed to Japan’s success. It also looks at how these strategies affect suicide prevention and emphasizes the lessons that other countries can learn from Japan’s experience. According to the study’s findings, the power of unity in combination with targeted therapy can effectively address the challenging issue of suicide prevention.
Neuropsychological mechanisms and causes of neurotisation in preschool children
Authors:   G. S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, FISYNA Nadiya
Published: February 2024

Background. The relevance and purpose of the study are determined by the high frequency of manifestations of children's mental health disorders, such as neuropsychiatric disorders, increased anxiety, fear, self-doubt, excessive vulnerability, etc. An open-armed conflict brings the problem of mental disorders in children to the fore. Since the war is the most frustrating period, it contributes to the development of a large number of problems in the emotional sphere, among the dysfunctions of which the pre-neurotic disorders with the subsequent transition to neurotization are most manifested. The article aims to analyze the neuropsychological mechanisms and causes of emotional disturbances in preschool children to determine the criteria and factors of pre-neurotic disorders. Methods. Abstraction, analysis, and synthesis were chosen as research methods, which allowed the topic to be revealed both in historical chronology and in the current time at the theoretical and methodological levels. For qualitative analysis, the topic was divided into micro-levels, which made it possible to examine its structure in detail, carry out an in-depth historical analysis of the views of scientists, and investigate historical changes in the level and depth of knowledge related to the issue of emotional disorders in preschool children Results. In the course of the conducted research, the theoretical basis of the study of emotional disorders was clarified, the localization of emotional processes in brain structures was considered, and the causes of emotional disorders and distortions were formed. Classifications and criteria of emotional and behavioral disorders are determined. The term "pre-neurotic disorder" is defined as a type of emotional disorder, its symptoms and its difference from neurosis are characterized. Critical age periods and factors that provoke the appearance of pre-neurotic disorders have been determined Conclusions. The issue of studying the problems of the emotional-volitional sphere is quite controversial today, causing discussions that touch not only psychological and pedagogical sciences but also neurobiology, sociology, cultural studies, ethnology, etc. This type of disorder is challenging to diagnose because behavioral disorders can be a manifestation of the child's individual characteristics, age norms, one-time temporary behavior, etc. That is why it is essential to pay a high level of attention to the differential diagnosis of emotional disorders and, in particular, pre-neurotic disorders in preschoolers.
"Enhancing Power System Stability with Fuzzy-PI Cascade Controllers and TCSC: A Comprehensive Study"
Authors: Nimmakanti Anil Et al.
Published: February 2024

This study endeavours to develop cascade controllers employing Fuzzy-PI methodology to enhance power system stability, with a specific focus on generation control. The primary goal is to mitigate system instabilities and improve the reliability and performance of contemporary power grids. The efficacy of the Fuzzy-PI controller is assessed through extensive simulations involving significant fluctuations in wind energy generation, with comparative analysis against traditional PI controllers. Furthermore, the research emphasizes fortifying the stability of modern power systems by deploying optimized controllers, specifically targeting challenges related to frequency and voltage stability through the application of tailored controllers for Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC). The overarching objectives include enhancing both frequency and voltage stability through the utilization of TCSC units. Moreover, the research integrates hybrid optimization techniques, such as Improved meta-heuristic MPR-RSA, to fine-tune controller parameters, ensuring optimal performance across diverse operating conditions. The selection of controller gains relies on the integral absolute time error function, serving as the cost function for problem optimization.
Fostering Rural Development through Improved Financial Inclusion in Thoothukudi District: The Involvement of Commercial Banks.
Authors: M. Sumaiya Et al.
Published: February 2024

This research delves into the dynamics of economic growth and development in Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, India, with a specific focus on the role of commercial banks in fostering financial inclusion and rural development. The study explores the challenges faced by rural communities in accessing formal banking services and examines the effectiveness of current financial inclusion initiatives. Utilizing a mixed-methods research design, including surveys and factor analysis, the research identifies three dimensions of financial inclusion: Utilization, Approach, and Quality of Services. The findings indicate positive perceptions regarding the convenience and accessibility of banking services, with room for improvement in documentation processes, communication, and the adoption of digital banking. Confirmatory Factor Analysis validates the dimensions, revealing good to very good fits. The study concludes with actionable recommendations for banks to enhance their role in promoting sustainable rural development, emphasizing technological innovation, improved communication, and a customer-centric approach.
Bioinformatics and Machine Learning in Skin Cancer Risk Assessment and Prognosis: A Review
Authors: D. Surendren Et al.
Published: February 2024

Skin cancer is one of the leading dangerous varieties of cancer. Carcinoma Skin cancer is caused by unrepaired deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in skin cells that produce mutations or genetic defects on the skin. Carcinoma has a tendency to moderately extend to other parts of body, therefore it is easy to cure during early stages, and hence it is required to detect as early as possible. Every year, doctors diagnose carcinoma in around three million or more patients across the world. Nowadays, it is one of the most widely recognized forms of cancers for human health. Hence, we need an early diagnosis to prevail any crucial condition of the infected patients. There a lot of factors such as the rate of increase of cases, increased death rate, and more expensive and painful medical treatment. Having considered the seriousness of those problems, researchers have developed numerous early finding methods for skin cancer. Despite clinical staging guidelines, the prognosis skin cancer (metastatic melanoma) is variable and difficult to predict. Machine Learning and Bioinformatics take inputs from clinical, histopathology and genetic to analyze to predict risk with high accuracy of melanoma patients. This literature review aims to provide key genetics science drivers of malignant melanoma and up to date applications of machine learning models and bioinformatics with the risk discovery of carcinoma patients. A robustly valid risk stratification tool will probably guide the medical practitioner management of malignant melanoma patients and ultimately improve patient outcomes. Review findings are presented in tables for better understanding.
Enhancing Sustainability in Smart Cities: IoT-Enabled with Fog and Haze Mitigation Using EDN-GTM Technology
Authors: Sahil Godara Et al.
Published: February 2024

the growing reliance on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has prompted a shift towards smart city concepts, especially as over 70 per cent of the global population is expected to reside in urban areas by 2050. The smart city paradigm addresses the challenges of managing critical infrastructure by integrating intelligent ICT solutions across various sectors such as the economy, mobility, environment, people, living spaces, and governance. Central to this vision is the Internet of Things (IoT) role, acting as a pivotal network connecting devices and enabling seamless interactions in urban settings. Efficient energy usage is a key aspect of IoT-enabled smart cities, given the increasing demand for power with population growth. Lighting, a fundamental need, consumes a significant portion of energy, and an SLS becomes crucial for effective energy management in a smart city leveraging IoT technologies. The proposed system aims to enhance image quality and address fog-related challenges in Smart City applications by integrating IoT-based technology. In urban environments, foggy conditions can significantly impact visibility, affecting surveillance and monitoring systems. The system employs a comprehensive approach, utilising sensor data, image processing techniques, and deep learning models for efficient fog detection and removal. Key objectives include fog removal and image quality enhancement, focusing on adaptability to varying environmental conditions. The system dynamically adjusts fog removal processes based on real-time fog density information collected from cloud-based sensors. The dataset for training and evaluation is obtained from Kaggle, comprising fully foggy images. Pre-processing involves grey conversion and wavelet transform filters, simplifying image representation and extracting relevant features for subsequent stages. Segmentation with a region of interest (ROI) approach optimises processing efficiency by focusing on information-rich areas. Enhanced Dehazing Network (EDN) and Guided Transmission Map (GTM) models are separately implemented for haze removal and transmission map refinement. A hybrid approach combines the strengths of both models, aiming for superior fog removal and image quality improvement. Performance is assessed using metrics like PSNR, SSIM, TMQI, and FSIMc, providing a comprehensive evaluation. The proposed system, leveraging deep learning, adaptive processing, and IoT integration, offers an effective solution for mitigating the impact of foggy conditions in Smart City scenarios.
Several Categories of Energy Harvested Routing Protocols, Challenges, and Characteristics in WSN: A Review
Authors: Bhanu Priyanka Valluri Et al.
Published: February 2024

The routing protocol is a technique for determining the most efficient channel for data transmission. The route selection procedure, which relies on the kind of network, channel conditions, and measurement systems, presents several challenges. Routing is essential in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for environmental monitoring, traffic monitoring, and other applications. WSNs are small nodes that can sense, interpret data, and communicate wirelessly. Many routing, power control, and data dissemination techniques have been developed specifically for WSNs, where energy efficiency is a crucial design factor.

On the other hand, the focus has been on energy harvesting and standard routing methods, which can vary depending on the design and network architecture. In a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), the data collected by the sensor nodes is typically transferred to the base station, which connects the sensor network to other networks (such as the internet), where it is processed and necessary action is taken. WSN has recently been developed to allow various applications, including traffic enforcement building automation, smart warfare, environmental sensing, and many more.WSN integrates several sensors or nodes deployed around a specific node to perform computational processes.
Exploring Quantum Computing's Potential Breakthroughs and Challenges
Authors: Mukesh Madanan Et al.
Published: February 2024

Recent years have seen the rise of quantum computing as a game-changing technology that might alter the face of many industries, from optimization to cryptography. From theory to practice, this article covers quantum computing's journey. We review the quantum computing foundational concepts of superposition and entanglement and examine their consequences for the paradigm of computation. We emphasize the concrete advances in quantum hardware, error correction methods, and quantum algorithm creation through a thorough survey of recent discoveries. Nevertheless, significant obstacles accompany these advancements. An ever-present problem, quantum de coherence endangers both the consistency of quantum states and the accuracy of calculations. The effectiveness of quantum error correcting approaches in reducing de coherence is examined in our paper. We highlight the need for programming languages, compilers, and simulators that are customized to quantum hardware, as well as the increasing demands for quantum software infrastructure. Questions of security and ethics arise in light of the many possible uses of quantum computing in fields as diverse as optimization, cryptography, and materials research. Error correction and the execution of algorithms containing both classical and quantum logic require the classical part. We provide a comprehensive system stack outlining the various components of a quantum computer. We wrap up by talking about design decisions on the quantum plane and show the control logic and data flow that must be applied when quantum instructions are executed.
Handwritten Vedic Sanskrit Text Recognition Using Deep Learning and Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Ashi Maheshwari Et al.
Published: February 2024

Recognizing Vedic Sanskrit text is essential for accessing classical Indo-Aryan language, predominantly utilized in the Vedas. Currently, there is limited awareness about the Vedas, making this field a highly demanding and challenging area in pattern recognition. To accelerate progress in optical character recognition (OCR), deep learning methods are indispensable. This article presents a novel approach to Vedic Sanskrit text recognition, incorporating deep convolutional architectures with their respective interpretations. We introduce three modified 4-fold CNN architectures and the AlexNet model. Our system comprises a handwritten dataset containing 140 distinct Vedic Sanskrit words, with approximately 500 images per word, totaling around 70,000 images. The dataset is partitioned for training and testing in an 80:20 ratio. Training is conducted using 20% of the samples, and the resulting model is applied to the deep convolutional network with varied sets of neurons in their hidden layers. Our proposed method demonstrates robust support for accurate Vedic Sanskrit word classification. The recognition rate achieved in our research is 97.42%, with an average recognition time of 0.3640 milliseconds, surpassing existing CNN-based approaches.
Decentralized Consensus Mechanisms in Blockchain: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Nirvikar Katiyar Et al.
Published: February 2024

Blockchain technology relies on decentralized consensus mechanisms that allow distributed networks of nodes to agree on the state of a ledger without central coordination. This paper provides a comparative analysis of major consensus protocols utilized in blockchain systems, including proof-of-work (PoW), proof-of-stake (PoS), delegated proof-of-stake (DPoS), practical Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT), and federated consensus. We analyze the core principles behind each mechanism, strengths and weaknesses in terms of security, scalability, energy efficiency, and decentralization. We also provide examples of major blockchain platforms utilizing these protocols. Our analysis finds that no consensus mechanism optimizes across all attributes, with inherent tradeoffs between decentralization, transaction throughput, energy use, and finality. Hybrid models are emerging which aim to balance these tradeoffs.
A Comprehensive Study on State-Of-Art Learning Algorithms in Emotion Recognition
Authors: Kshirod Sarmah Et al.
Published: February 2024

The potential uses of emotion recognition in domains like human-robot interaction, marketing, emotional gaming, and human-computer interface have made it a prominent research subject. Better user experiences can result from the development of technologies that can accurately interpret and respond to human emotions thanks to a better understanding of emotions. The use of several sensors and computational algorithms is the main emphasis of this paper's thorough analysis of the developments in emotion recognition techniques. Our results show that using more than one modality improves the performance of emotion recognition when a variety of metrics and computational techniques are used. This paper adds to the body of knowledge by thoroughly examining and contrasting several state-of-art computational techniques and measurements for emotion recognition. The study emphasizes how crucial it is to use a variety of modalities along with cutting-edge machine learning algorithms in order to attain more precise and trustworthy emotion assessment. Additionally, we pinpoint prospective avenues for additional investigation and advancement, including the incorporation of multimodal data and the investigation of innovative features and fusion methodologies. This study contributes to the development of technology that can better comprehend and react to human emotions by offering practitioners and academics in the field of emotion recognition insightful advice.
SSO Based Fingerprint Authentication of Cloud Services for Organizations
Authors: Ali Zaheer Agha Et al.
Published: February 2024

Access to a pool of programmable resources, such as storage space, applications, services, and on-demand networks, is made possible by cloud computing technology. Involving the cloud with the organization reduces its efforts to meet the needs of its customers. The Single Sign-On (SSO) method, which enables users to access various application services using a single user credential, is one of the key benefits of cloud computing. There are numerous problems and difficulties with cloud computing that need to be highlighted. However, protecting user agent privacy against security assaults is far more challenging. To combat security and privacy assaults, this study suggests SSO-based biometric authentication architecture for cloud computing services. Since end devices are computationally inefficient for processing user information during authentication, biometric authentication is effective for resources controlled by end devices at the time of accessing cloud services. As a result, the proposed design minimizes security attacks in cloud computing. An innovative strategy that establishes a one-to-one interaction between the user agent and the service provider is also included in the suggested design. In this case, user agents can use their fingerprint to access various cloud application services and seek registration. The highlights of the suggested architecture have been offered based on comparison analysis with a number of existing architectures.
A Linear Regularized Normalized Model for Dyslexia and ADHD Prediction Using Learning Approaches
Authors: Pavan Kumar Varma Kothapalli Et al.
Published: February 2024

A learning disability called dyslexia typically affects school-age kids. Children have trouble spelling, reading, and writing words. Children who experience this problem often struggle with negative emotions, rage, frustration, and low self-esteem. Consequently, a dyslexia predictor system is required to assist children in overcoming the risk. There are many current ways of predicting dyslexia. However, they need to provide higher prediction accuracy. Also, this work concentrates on another disorder known as Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The prediction process is more challenging as the prediction process shows some negative consequences. The data is typically gathered from online resources for the prediction process. This study examines how the predictor model predicts dyslexia and ADHD using learning strategies. Here, the most important features for accurately classifying dyslexia, non-dyslexia and ADHD are extracted using a new Support Vector Machine (SVM) for feature selection based on the norm and norm. Based on the weighted values, the predicted model provides improved subset features from the internet-accessible dataset. The accuracy, precision, F1-score, specificity, sensitivity, and execution time are all examined here using 10-fold cross-validation. The maximum accuracy reached with this feature subset during the prediction process is carefully reviewed. The experiment results imply that the anticipated model is used to accurately predict the defect and as a tool for CDSS. Recently, dyslexia and ADHD prediction has been greatly aided by computer-based predictor systems. The expected model also effectively fits the experimental design, bridging the gap between feature selection and classification.
A Hypothesis for Ad-Hoc Routing Algorithm Improvement
Authors: Pragya Kabra Et. al
Published: February 2024

In this article, a new approach to reducing the complexity of routing algorithms is discussed to improve routing in ad hoc networks. To avoid duplicating the routing process for each data transfer, nodes create binary matrices for each base station and update them when the routing is complete. Routing may be made much simpler using the method given here.
Interactive Learning Tools for the Improvement of Reading Skills in the English Language for Secondary School Students
Authors: Kevin Mario Laura De La Cruz Et al.
Published: February 2024

The aim of this research is to assess the impact of the iterative tool Kahoot on the development of English reading skills among secondary school students at a pub-lic school in the Moquegua region of Peru. A pre-experimental design was used to conduct the basic research, which included a 26-item exam to test English read-ing skills in line with the Peruvian National Curriculum at the secondary level. The tools underwent validation by three professionals and achieved reliability (0.91) with the Kuder Richardson 2.0 method. The population analyzed com-prised 146 students, while 24 students were part of the sample obtained through non-probability sampling. The findings revealed that in the initial exam, the ma-jority of pupils had a basic level (87.50%), while over half (50%) achieved the expected level in the final test. Ultimately, the overall hypothesis of the investiga-tion was confirmed with a p-value result of 0.00001. The study sample reveals that employing Kahoot significantly enhances the students' English reading skills.
System for Entry and Advancement in E-commerce, Case: Retailers of Clothing and Accessories in the City of Torreón, Coahuila Mex.
Authors: Tannya Meraz Aldaba Et al.
Published: February 2024

The present study addresses the issue of a lack of knowledge to engage in electronic commerce, which has resulted in a series of imbalances in the commercial dynamics of micro and small enterprises. This is because online sales channels are causing a greater displacement of products that offer advantages compared to the traditional sales scheme. Therefore, the design and implementation of a system for entering and advancing in electronic commerce is proposed. All of this is done through surveys applied to managers, directors, and owners of micro and small retail businesses in clothing and accessories in the city of Torreón, Coahuila. Strategies, factors, and conditions for venturing and advancing in e-commerce sales were identified. The corresponding dimensions that directly influence the success or failure of a micro or small retail business in clothing and accessories in online sales were defined. The resulting instrument was validated using the Delphi method with the input of 10 experts, followed by a pilot test applied initially to 33 directors, managers, or owners of micro or small businesses. The Cronbach's Alpha was then calculated for its reliability.
Analysis of Fault Detection in Analog Circuits Using WSF-SKC Optimized SVM Technique
Authors: R. Gurunadha Et al.
Published: February 2024

Many industrial applications and control systems depend heavily on analogue electrical circuitry. The conventional method of diagnosing such circuit faults can be time-consuming and erroneous, which might have a severe impact on the industrial output. The fault detection and analysing of analogue circuits with intelligent effective model is proposed in this work. The suggested technique primarily consists of two main stages one is extraction of features and the other is classification of faults. The analysis is performed on the response of frequency in analogue circuits. For extracting features particle swarm optimization (PSO) is utilized. The PSO is used to evaluate the fitness function of Wilks A-Statistic Filters sallen-key circuit (WSF-SKC). With fault characteristics retrieved using the particle swarm approach that are carefully selected, the fault classes may be separated more quickly. To categorise different failures in a benchmark circuit, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is built. Utilising firefly optimisation, the classifier is improved. Different fault codes were tested in experiments for defect detection and identification. The findings of the experiment indicate that this proposed technique can significantly increase the accuracy of fault diagnosis. The accuracy obtained for WS-LPF is 99.95%, WS-HPF is 99.97 and WS-BPF is 99.90% respectively.
Biochemical Signposts: Navigating the Landscape of Early Cancer Diagnosis and Prognostic Insights
Authors: Khasim Syed Et al.
Published: February 2024

This exploration investigates the complicated scene of malignant growth from the perspective of "Biochemical Signs," expecting to upset early analysis and prognostic experiences. Utilizing an exhaustive methodology, biomarkers have distinguished across bosom, lung, and prostate tumors, with values going from 0.45 to 3.10. The coordination of cutting-edge imaging procedures, including PET and X-ray, brought about indicative precision paces of 89% and 85%, separately. Prognostic investigations divulged biomarkers' shifting effects on understanding endurance, with risk proportions going from 0.70 to 1.80 and p-values featuring factual importance. The coordination of genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic information created all-encompassing sub-atomic profiles, associated with unmistakable clinical results. For example, the luminal A subtype showed an incorporated score of 0.85, related to a 75% endurance rate. This study approves the proposed methodology as well as lays out its prevalence in exactness, awareness, and clinical pertinence when contrasted with existing methodologies. The blend of different information types and the vigor of the created demonstrative devices give an establishment to groundbreaking headways in malignant growth research and customized patient consideration.
Effective Use of Textbooks by Early Education Teachers
Authors: Nowicka Marzenna
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Schoolbooks are the basic didactic tool in early childhood education classes. As evidenced by numerous research reports, their content is significantly diversified in terms of quality. However, empirical research providing insight into teachers’ experiences of working with school textbooks is lacking. Research Aim: This study examines how teachers influence the use of a school textbook. It looks at their views on daily work with textbooks, the advantages and disadvantages they perceive, and their responses to these observations. Method: Six focus group interviews with 37 early childhood education teachers were conducted. The collected material was subsequently subjected to meaning-oriented content analysis. Results: On the basis of the collected data, it was established that teachers construe textbooks as: predestined fate, a stabilizing factor in the didactic process, a tool for everyday work, a subject- matter expert and a surety of their responsibility for the learning process. The work of educators with the school textbook is characterized by conformity, limited flexibility, adaptation to the range of children’s aptitudes, rationalization and, in rare cases, resistance. Conclusions: With respect to working with school textbooks, the agency of teachers manifests itself only as a superficial response to the identified shortcomings, without an autonomous approach to the content as well as tasks and instructions in school textbooks. Such a conclusion may offer grounds for a pedagogical discussion on the limitations and needs of training early education teachers in terms of enhancing their agency while working with a school textbook.
Home Education During the People’s Republic of Poland – a d Retrieved Case
Authors: Giercarz-Borkowska Magdalena
Published: February 2024

Introduction: The article concerns home education in the People’s Republic of Poland which was cultivated by Danuta and Bartłomiej Maria Boba. They did not send their five children to school in the years 1952–1981; despite the ban, they educated them on their own. Research Aim: The aim of the study was to fill an existing gap in the knowledge about the story of home education in Poland after the Second World War. So far, there have been no known examples of homeschooling in the socialist times. It was thought that it did not take place at all and only started to emerge after the political changes. Method: The study is of a qualitative nature; it was conducted using the narrative interview method. The resulting material was subjected to analysis and interpretation. Additionally, document examination was used. Results: Despite the government’s efforts to force all citizens into participation in the education system controlled by the state, there was a case of homeschooling in Poland. The reconstruction of the Boba family’s experience gives knowledge of the motivation to raise children away from the influence of school, as well as on the methods and effects of teaching off school. It brings knowledge of the values the family attached to home education and provides a proof of determination of the parents who stood firmly in their commitment despite repressions against them. Conclusions: The case retrieved is isolated. The hardships suffered by the Boba family did not contribute to any legal changes, nor did they affect other families’ fates. Their fight against the communist regime complements the image of home education known so far and enables a better understanding of it. It shows how important it can be for parents to raise children in line with their own conscience. Freedom, reconstructed in previous studies as a core value attributed to home education both nowadays and in the distant past, turned out to be the core value in this case as well. The Boba family education is a historical link between tradition and the present day of Polish homeschooling.
Educational Space in Inclusiv Education – Challenges in Working witha Diverse Group/Class
Authors: Chrzanowska Iwona Bożena
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Nowadays, teachers must be aware that the student population in school classes is becoming increasingly diverse. Therefore, it is necessary to design educational spaces that not only cater to the diverse needs of students but also align with the requirements of the 21st century. Research Aim: This research seeks to investigate the importance of educational spaces when working with a diverse group or class in inclusive education. The research question focuses on understanding how to design, why to change educational spaces in education. Evidence-based Facts: The educational environment can play the role of the "third teacher" and either support or hinder the development of students. Engaging educational environments are crucial for the cognitive, physical, social, and emotional development of students. They promote critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity, all of which are considered essential competencies in 21st-century education. Summary: Diverse student needs require diverse learning spaces to meet the requirements and address the needs of every student. These spaces are often described using metaphors like a watering hole, cave, campfire, or laboratory. Students should be involved in the creation of educational spaces. However, students’ perspectives are frequently overlooked. Research findings indicate that considering their input enhances the likelihood of providing better and more effective support for their development. In traditional education, teachers play a central role in selecting teaching methods and determining modes of school communication. There are already examples of how to transform a school's environment to make it inclusive for everyone.