bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial Note
Authors: M. Abdul Mujeebu
Published: October 2024

Excellence in scientific research has become a necessity rather than merely a symbol of prestige. With the advent of digital media, the dissemination of research contributions has become very friendly. Every individual has inherent skills in research and itscommunication, which need to be identified and developed. Adequate motivation in this direction and the appropriate platforms for publishing are vital in promoting the publishing trend. The idea of International Journal of Advanced Thermofluid Research (IJATR) was struck in mind during my doctoral research period at Universiti Sains Malaysia, which provided me everything needed to perform and grow in research and publishing. While acknowledging the diverse publishing platforms in the field of thermal sci ence and engineering, IJATR attempts to provide a venue for timely publication of contributions from the broad domain of thermofluids. The term thermofluid is defined to encompass energy, thermal science, fluid flow, heat and mass transfer, combustion and all related domains. I am pleased and proud to present this document in front of the august audience. I have taken the daring step to launch IJATR with a strong confidence to develop it to a level that would comply with the quality standards of a leading research journal in the area. Admitting the obvious shortcomings as a beginner, I earnestly seek supports, constructive comments and suggestions from the respected readers, to improve its quality. I hereby gratefully acknowledge the supports of Prof. A. A. Mohamed, Prof. Raymod Viskanda, and the invaluable contributions of the authors, associate editors, reviewers and my colleagues, in realizing the successful launching of IJATR.
Dr. M. Abdul MujeebuFounder and Chief Editor
Numerical Study on the Effect of Gender on the Airflow Characteristics inside the Nasal Cavity
Authors: M. Zubair
Published: October 2024

Understanding the properties of airflow in the nasal cavity is very important in determining the nasal physiology and in diagnosis of various anomalies associated with the nose. This numerical study presents the characteristic flow features inside a female nasal cavity in comparison with the male models developed by other researchers. The study is based on the numerical model obtained from computed tomographic data of a healthy Malaysian subject. A steady state Reynold Averaged Navier-Stokes and continuity equations was solved for both inspiratory and expiratory phase with flow rates of 7.5, 10 and 15 L/min for laminar case and 20, 30 and 40 L/min studies were simulated for turbulent boundary conditions. The differences observed in the flow parameters can be attributed to the anatomical variations that exist between the male and female nasal cavity. It was found that the female models were slightly smaller in length when compared to the male models. The nasal valve region was located about 2.0 cm, 1.65 cm and 2.5 cm from the anterior tip of nose. The value of maximum velocity obtained for the three female models are 3.17, 2.68, and 2.23 m/s respectively as against 4.2 m/s for similar flow rate obtained for the male model. The values of pressure drop for female cases were lower than the male models in the literature. In general, the female model displayed lower values of pressure drop when compared with the male models.
Development and Characterization of Novel Nanostructured SrTi1-xFexO3-y solid solution for Solar Electricity Generation
Authors: Ibrahim A. I. Hassan
Published: October 2024

A novel class of materials namely SrTi1-xFexO3-y or strontium titanate ferrate (STF) with solid solution character, suitable for solar electricity conversion, has been developed. The STF films were prepared by spray pyrolysis technique, designated as 2STF, 3STF and 4STF in the order of increasing thickness. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Dark cyclic voltammetry (with and without illumination) studies were performed on the samples. The thicknesses of film deposits on electrodes were also measured by using a DEKTAK 6M STYLUS PROFILER system to compare with the SEM results. A blue LED was used to illuminate the samples by pulsing ‘On’ and ‘Off’ for different time intervals. The SEM images show that the homogeneity of films is directly proportional to the spraying time (thickness). The EDX measurement performed for sample 2STF has confirmed the contents Sr, Ti, and Fe. The XRD results indicate that the STF film compound may contain some material belonging to the perovskite family AMO3, where A and M are metals. The cyclic voltammetry measurements reveal that the developed STF is photochemically active which makes it suitable for solar water splitting application.
Influence of Radiation on Double Diffusive Flow in a Porous Medium Embedded With Vertical Plate
Authors: Irfan Anjum Badruddin
Published: October 2024

Coupled heat and mass transfer in a saturated porous media supported by a vertical plate is analyzed. The fluid inside the porous medium is assumed to be governed by Darcy law. The combined effect of natural convection and radiation on heat and mass transfer inside the medium is investigated. Finite element method is applied to solve the governing equations. Influence of radiation parameter, Lewis number and buoyancy ratio on Nusselt number and Sherwood number is investigated. Both aiding and opposing flow is considered for a wide range of radiation parameter, Lewis number and Rayleigh number.
A Review of Solar Energy Exploration and Utilization in Saudi Buildings
Authors: M. Abdul Mujeebu
Published: October 2024

The building construction sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the largest and fastest in the Middle East. It is estimated that 2.32 million new homes are to be built by 2020 in order to meet the demand of growing population. Despite possessing ample potential, the realization of solar energy technology in Saudi Buildings has a long way to go. This article sheds light into the progress in exploring the utilization of solar energy in the Saudi Arabian building sector. Starting with a background of energy scenario, the article covers the policy-level measures and research and development activities reported so far. This review reveals the Kingdom has wide scope for further developments to ensure that all the viable state-of-the-art solar technologies are implemented in buildings.
Fabrication and Characterization of CuxCe1-xO2-δ Nanostructured Anode Material for SOFC Applications by using Mechanochemical Technique
Authors: Shabana P. S. Shaikh
Published: October 2024

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) works by converting chemical energy into electrical energy due to reforming, and it is one of the promising alternative sources of energy for the future. In the present work, emphasis was given on increasing the electronic conductivity of anode material for SOFC. The Cu0.5Ce0.5O2-δ was prepared by mechanochemical (ball milling) route, with and without pore former. The effect of pore former on the electrical and structural characterization was studied in detail, and found that the Cu0.5Ce0.5O2-δ ceramic anode prepared by using pore former is more effective from structural and electrical points of view. The crystallite size is 58 nanoscales and DC conductivity after reduction is 9.50 ×10-1 Scm-2. Thus, the Cu0.5Ce0.5O2-δ prepared by ball milling using pore former technique could be an emerging potential anode material for SOFC.
3D CFD Simulation of Heat Transfer and Friction Characteristics of Laminar Flow of Water through a Circular Duct with Centre-Cleared Twin Twisted Tape
Authors: Suvanjan Bhattacharyya
Published: October 2024

Heat transfer behavior of laminar flow inside circular duct with centre-cleared twin twisted tape (CTTT) swirl generator was investigated numerically. The governing equations were solved with a finite-volume-based numerical method. A three-dimensional non uniform grid was generated, in order to critically examine the flow and heat transfer. The centre-cleared twin twisted tapes were tested in the current work; investigations were performed in the Reynolds number range of 100- 1,000 with four different CTTTs at twist ratio (TR) of H/W = 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0. Water is used asworking fluid (Pr = 7). The effects of Reynolds number, Nusselt number, friction factor, convective heat transfer coefficient were examined and discussed. The use of CTTT was found to increase the heat transfer considerably when compared with plain tube. The Nusselt number increased with the increase of Reynolds number. The overall enhancement ratio has been calculated in order to discuss the overall effect of CTTT and the working parameters. The present findings would be useful inputs for the design of solar thermal heaters and heat exchangers.
Thermal Radiation on Transient Laminar Gray Gas Flow Past an Oscillating Vertical Plate with Variable Temperature
Authors: Swapan Kumar Ghosh
Published: October 2024

Authors have presented an analytical approach on transient laminar gray gas flow past an oscillating vertical flat plate in the presence of natural convection and radiation. The fluid is considered to be a gray, absorbing-emitting radiation but non- scattering medium. The Rosseland flux approximation is employed to simulate radiation heat transfer contribution. We have also studied Stoke’s first and second problem to justify the physical significance on this problem. This problem is solved by employing Laplace Transform method. Numerical results of velocity and temperature distributions are depicted graphically. Also, numerical results of frictional shearing stress and critical Grashof number are presented in tables.
Photocurrent, Absorption and Electrochemical Impedance Analyses on Strontium Titanate Ferrate Films for Solar Energy Conversion
Authors: Ibrahim A. I. Hassan
Published: October 2024

This article presents photon to electricity conversion analysis, and absorption and impedance measurements, on a new class of solid solutions, known as SrTi1-xFexO3-y or strontium titanate ferrate (STF). Incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE), UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were performed. The STF samples were prepared by employing spray pyrolysis approach on ITO substrates, at high temperature. A Varian Cary 50 Probe spectrometer was used for UV-vis measurements, and EIS results were obtained by using Z-plot software. In general, the proposed nanostructured STF films show good photoactivity properties giving high photocurrent response and with IPCEs of up to 11%. The samples show high absorption of UV-visible light in air, in the wavelength range 300 to 400 nm. The IPCE data suggest good photoelectrochemical activity, and the IPCE increases slightly with increase in the film thickness. Furthermore, the impedance is found to increase with increase in the applied potential and to decrease with the increase in film thickness.
Editorial Note
Authors: M. Abdul Mujeebu
Published: October 2024

On behalf of the editorial board, I am proud to announce launching of the first issue in the second year of IJATR (Volume 2 Issue 1). Along with the regular articles, this issue includes selected papers from 2nd International Conference on Computational Methods in Engineering and Health Sciences (ICCMEH- 2015), 19-20 December 2015, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.The sincere efforts of our associate editor Dr. Mohammed Zuber in this regard are gratefully acknowledged. I also express my deep gratitude to our reviewers, who, despite their busy schedule, have promptly finished the review tasks in a careful manner. While thankfully acknowledging the contributions of the authors, I humbly request feedback from readers and colleagues for the growth of IJATR.
Dr. M. Abdul MujeebuFounder and Chief Editor
Effect of Capillary Tube Length and Refrigerant Charge on the Performance of Domestic Refrigerator with R12 and R600a
Authors: S. O. Oyedepo
Published: October 2024

In this work, the thermodynamic performance of a domestic refrigerator was experimentally studied by simultaneously varying the refrigerant charge (mr) and the capillary tube length (L). The potential of replacing R12 by R600a was also investigated. The test rig for the experiment was a vapor compression refrigerator designed to work with R12. The enthalpy of the refrigerants R600a and R12 for each data set for the experimental conditions were obtained by using REFPROP software (version 9.0). The results show that the design temperature of -120C (according to ISO - 8187 standard) and pull – down time of 135 minutes are achieved by using 60g of R600a with L= 1.2m and 1.5m. For R12, the design temperature is achieved at pull – down time of 165 minutes with mr = 40g and L = 0.9m. The appropriate combination of L and mr for R600a to be used as a drop-in refrigerant for R12 is found to be 1.5m and 60g on the basis of power consumption per day, pull-down time and COP, whereas by considering the cooling capacity, it is 0.9 m and 60g. The cooling capacity of R600a was about 9.18% higher than that of R12, the power consumed by R600a was about 24 % lower than that of R12 and the COP of R600a was about 6.3% higher than that of R12. In conclusion, the proposed R600a seems to be an appropriate long-term candidate to replace R-12 in the existing refrigerator in terms of power consumption, cooling capacity and COP.
Rotating Fluid Flow on MHD Radiative Nanofluid past a Stretching Sheet
Authors: M. Ferdows
Published: October 2024

The present study is aimed at examining the unsteady MHD heat and mass flow of a nanofluid passing a stretching sheet with thermal radiation in a rotating system. The governing boundary layer equations as continuity, momentum, energy, concentration equation were solved by introducing a time dependent length scale in a similarity approach. Obtained nonlinear coupled equations along with the appropriate boundary conditions are then solved by Nactsheim-Swigert shooting iteration technique together with Runge-Kutta six order scheme. The effect of different dimensionless parameters on the flow field as magnetic parameter, rotational parameter, radiation parameter, Prandtl number, Eckert number, Lewis number, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter was investigated. The distribution of the primary velocity, secondary velocity, temperature, concentration, local skin-friction coefficients, Nusselt number and the Sherwood number with the effect of the important parameters entering into the problem separately and reported graphically.
Finite Difference Simulation of MHD Radiative Flow of a Nanofluid past a Stretching Sheet with Stability Analysis
Authors: M. Ferdows
Published: October 2024

In the present study, unsteady heat and mass nanofluid flow past a stretching sheet with the effect of thermal radiation and magnetic field was carried out. To obtain non-similar equation, the boundary layer governing equations including continuity, momentum, energy and concentration balance were non-dimensionalized by usual transformation. The non-similar approach was employed, which depends on the dimensionless parameters such as Magnetic parameter (M), Radiation parameter (R), Prandtl number (Pr), Eckert number (Ec) Lewis number (Le), Brownian motion parameter (Nb), Thermophoresis parameter (Nt), Local Reynolds number (Re) and velocity parameter (b/a). The temperature and concentration distributions are found affected by these dimensionless parameters. The obtained equations have been solved by explicit finite difference method (EFDM). A theoretical model of the stability and convergence to describe the aspects of the finite difference scheme was developed in this study. This analysis makes the EFDM approach more accurate and able to provide the convergence criteria of the method (Pr ≥ 0.375 and Le ≥ 0.25). The temperature and concentration profiles are discussed for the different values of the dimensionless parameters by considering different time steps. The present computational investigation finds applications in the area of magnetic nanomaterials processing.
About ICCMEH 2015
Authors: M. Abdul Mujeebu
Published: October 2024

2nd International Conference on Computational Methods in Engineering and Health Sciences (ICCMEH 2015)December 19-20, 2015, Malaysia
Main OrganizerDepartment of Aerospace EngineeringUniversiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia
Co-organizersManipal Institute of Technology (MIT), India Kyushu Institute of Technology (KIT), Japan
Editorial Note
Authors: Lakshmi Praveen Pogula
Published: October 2024

We are delighted to bring the third volume of International Journal of Advanced Thermofluid Research (IJATR). The objective of IJATR is to publish up-to-date, high-quality and original research papers alongside relevant and insightful reviews. The journal aspires to be vibrant, and accessible, and at the same time integrative and exigent.
Thermofluid research is the application of experimental and/or modelling techniques with the aim of understanding the interactions between thermodynamics, heat transfer and fluids. Thermofluids is the basis for many current technologies and physical phenomena, and it directs various activities where energy is generated, converted or exchanged. In spite of multi-disciplinary areas, researchers’ attempts have focused on energy conversion systems, renewable energy sources, alternate fuels, fluidic behavior as well as physical process modelling and optimization. Other resources also include solar-photovoltaic modules, hydrogen fuel cell systems, units for desalination and various sensors, data acquisition and control modules. We cordially invite submissions from researchers in academia and industry on relevant research areas of IJATR.
We would like to thank all the authors for their excellent contributions to the present issue, and all the reviewers for their suggestions and decisive comments. We also expect that this issue will stimulate the continuing efforts to intensify the thermofluids research.
On behalf of the editorial team,
Dr. Lakshmi Praveen Pogula Associate Editor, IJATR
Magnetohydrodynamic Jeffrey Fluid Over a Porous Unsteady Shrinking Sheet with Suction Parameter: Numerical Approach
Authors: Mohammad Mainul Hoque
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a numerical analysis of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer flow of Jeffrey fluid over a porous unsteady shrinking sheet considering the suction parameter. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations by using a similarity approach. Numerical solutions of the nonlinear ordinary differential equations are found by using Runge-Kutta fourth order (RK4O) method with shooting technique. Effects of different parameters on velocity profiles are displayed graphically for both Newtonian (i.e. ) and non-Newtonian (i.e. ) flow cases. In addition, the skin friction coefficient is analyzed with the help of graphs and tables, which makes excellent agreement with the previous results. Finally, it is found that the skin friction coefficient as a function of suction parameter increases by enhancing the values of unsteady parameter while it decays by increasing the Jeffrey parameter.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of LPG-Fueled Inverse Diffusion Flame in a Coaxial Burner
Authors: Rupesh Shah
Published: October 2024

An experimental and numerical investigation of unconfined liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fuelled inverse diffusion flame (IDF) is presented. The effect of air-fuel velocity ratio on the appearance of the LPG IDF are investigated. A fixed air jet velocity of Va = 11.31 m/s is chosen for the analysis, while the fuel jet velocity is varied from 0.014 m/s to 0.083 m/s. The observations indicate that the air-fuel jet velocity ratio has significant effect on the flame appearance of LPG IDF. It is found that the flame length increases with increase in fuel jet flow. Actual flame in burner is highly complex in nature as it involves momentum, mass and energy transfer in highly turbulent flow regime. To extract detailed information of flow physics, numerical analysis of LPG IDF is performed. It is observed that temperature along the centerline of IDF increases as distance from burner exit (Z) increases. This nature of temperature distribution indicates that the central cold air in the air jet is gradually heated toward the downstream of the IDF. The highest flame temperature is noticed at Z = 30 mm. The highest flame temperature predicted numerically at axial height of 30 mm is central portion of the blue zone of the flame which is main reaction zone.
Engine Performance and Exhaust Emission Analysis of Biodiesel Produced from Crude Jatropha Oil
Authors: Hazir Farouk
Published: October 2024

This study analyzes the performance of biodiesel blended with diesel for fuelling a diesel engine. Biodiesel was produced from crude Jatropha oil with a high acid value (15.99 mgKOH/g) by using a two-step alkaline (base) catalyst process. The engine performance and emissions characteristics of Jatropha biodiesel blends of B5, B10 and B20 were studied and compared to those with conventional diesel at an engine speed range between 1100 to 2500 rpm. The results show that engine power output is less for all biodiesel blends tested when compared to 100% diesel, while the brake specific fuel consumption increases as the percentage of biodiesel increases. The torque obtained from the diesel engine for all Jatropha-biodiesel blends tested is lower than with 100% diesel at all engine speeds except for B5 that show higher engine torque in the speed range of 1100 to 2100 rpm. For the Jatropha biodiesel blends tested, there is lower emission of CO2 and unburned hydrocarbons, but there is increase in NOx emissions, compared to conventional diesel across the entire range of engine speeds examined.
Performance Analysis of a Combined Cycle Power Plant with Simultaneous Cooling of Inlet Air Streams to the Compressor and Condenser
Authors: Ifeanyi Henry Njoku
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the thermodynamic performance analysis of an existing combined cycle power plant to be retrofitted with a waste heat driven aqua lithium bromide absorption refrigerator for cooling the inlet air streams to the compressor and air-cooled steam condenser. The power plant is located in the hot and humid tropical region of Nigeria, latitude 4°45′N and longitude 7°00′E. This was achieved by performing energy and exergy analysis of the integrated system. Using the operating data of the existing combined cycle power plant, the results of the analysis showed that by cooling the inlet air streams to 15oC at the compressors, and to 29oC at the air-cooled steam condenser, the net power output, thermal and exergy efficiencies of the combined cycle plant increased by 7.7%, 8.1% and 7.5% respectively while the plant total exergy destruction rate and specific fuel consumption dropped by 10.8% and 7.0% respectively. The stack flue gas exit temperature reduced from 126oC to 84oC in the absorption refrigerator, thus reducing the environmental thermal pollution. The COP and exergy efficiency of the refrigeration cycle was 0.60 and 27.0%, respectively. Results also show that the highest rate of exergy destruction in the combined cycle power plant occurred in the combustion chamber while the highest rate of exergy destruction in the absorption refrigeration cycle occurred in the evaporator followed by the absorber.
Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled by Biodiesel-Ethanol-Diesel Fuel Blends
Authors: Hazir Farouk
Published: October 2024

There is growing interest to study the effect of blending various oxygenated additives with diesel or biodiesel fuel on engine performance and emission characteristics. This study aims to analyze the performance and exhaust emission of a four-stroke, four-cylinder diesel engine fueled with biodiesel-ethanol-diesel. Biodiesel was first produced from crude Jatropha oil, and then it was blended with ethanol and fossil diesel in different blend ratios (B10E10D80, B12.5E12.5D75, B15E15D70, B20E20D60 and B25E25D50). The engine performance and emission characteristics were studied at engine speeds ranging from 1200 to 2000 rpm. The results show that the brake specific fuel consumption increases while the brake power decreases as the percentage of biodiesel and ethanol increases in the blend. The exhaust emission analysis shows a reduction in CO2 emission and increase in NOx emission when the biodiesel -to-ethanol ratio increases in the blends, when compared with diesel as a reference fuel.
Effect of CuO-H20 and ZnO-H20 nanofluids on the Performance of Solar Flat Plate Collector
Authors: Abdul Razak Kaladgi
Published: October 2024

The solar flat plate collector is commonly used in low-temperature domestic applications for water heating. In this paper, copper oxide (CuO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanofluids were synthesized and prepared with water as base fluid, and its thermal efficiency is examined by conducting experiment on a solar flat plate collector. The experiment was conducted under forced flow conditions by varying the volume concentration and flow rates of both the nanofluids. For higher flow rates and volumetric fraction considered, substantial performance improvement was observed. The inclusion of EBT (eriochrome black T) and OA (olylamine surfactant, for CuO and ZnO nanofluid provided the best dispersion stability compared to pure water suspension.
Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Grooved Plates under Natural Convection
Authors: Abdul Razak Kaladgi
Published: October 2024

Due to the extreme miniaturization of devices, enhancing the heat transfer rate has been a challenging task in the electronic industry. Several researchers have conducted experiments to gain maximum heat transfer rate in small spaces. So, the current study focuses mainly on improving the thermal dissipation characteristics from the surface by creating grooves across the substrate of aluminium plates with different ranges of length to depth (L/D) ratio and width to depth (W/D) ratios. The experiment was conducted by varying the heat flux under steady state with free convection conditions. It was seen from the experiments that the L/D ratio and W/D ratio have significant effect on heat transfer rate and friction factor. The Response Surface Methodology gave a good prediction of the interaction factors. A large value of R2adj (0.9981) was projected. This result suggests that the designated model can signify 99.81 per cent of the total variation on Nusselt number data. The "Lack of Fit F-value" of 0.74 indicates that the lack of fit compared to the pure error is not significant. It could be concluded that heat transfer enhancement does occur with the creation of grooves on surfaces but at the cost of pumping power.
Editorial
Authors: Muhammad Abdul Mujeebu
Published: October 2024

Nanomaterials and nanotechnologies have conquered almost all domains of science and technology. However, the environmental and health impacts associated with the synthesis of nanoparticles, and the use of nanoproducts and technologies have been a serious concern. Thus, the emerging trend is to adopt green approaches wherein clean, non-toxic, and eco-friendly reagents and procedures are employed for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Proper linkage of nanotechnology with green chemistry could pave the way for an environmentally sustainable society, which is an ongoing challenge. Abundant literature is available on the green nanomaterials and nanotechnologies, and a brief review of the application of green nanomaterials and technologies for energy applications is presented in this article. There is a wide scope for extensive research in this domain for the effective utilization of green nanomaterials towards realizing efficient and sustainable energy technologies for the future.
Optimization of a Renewables-Integrated Distributed Generation System for a University Campus using Hooke-Jeeves Algorithm
Authors: Hessam Taherian
Published: October 2024

Distributed energy, also known as district or decentralized energy, is generated and stored by a variety of small, grid-connected devices referred to as distributed energy resources, or distributed energy resource systems. The Distributed Generation (DG) systems can increase energy system reliability, reduce peak power requirements, and improve energy infrastructure resilience. In this study, a DG system using renewable energy sources and energy storage was introduced for the whole University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) campus. The energy sources for this DG system were photovoltaic arrays, a natural gas-powered Internal Combustion Engine (ICE), and wind turbines. The energy storage components use battery cells. TRNSYS was the software used in modeling the whole system. Optimization has been performed by using TRNSYS, GenOpt and TRNOPT tools. By using Hooke-Jeeves optimization method, the optimum DG system has been proposed for UAB campus. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum size combination of the above-mentioned equipment to generate cost savings in campus operations and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The preliminary results showed considerable savings over the traditional system
Mathematical Epidemiology through Transport Phenomena Viewpoint
Authors: José A. Rabi
Published: October 2024

With historical roots linked to life sciences, species diffusion has inspired dynamic models for infectious disease spreading. However, drawbacks have been raised towards the inclusion of people’s displacement effects, whose ordered motion might refer to species convection within transport phenomena perspective. By transcending usual geometric role of spatial coordinates, the present work proposes a surrogate mathematical description via dimensionless generalized coordinates as intended to categorize people, whether or not infected, in terms of age and comorbidities. Accordingly, while diffusive infection refers to random motion of categorized people, convective infection can be additionally invoked and assigned to “streamwise” (i.e., ontology-driven) people’s motion. With infected-people fraction as dimensionless dependent variable, the governing partial differential equation equally considers source and sink terms referring respectively to contamination-reinfection and recovery-death rates. Such epidemic transport model is preliminary applied to SARS-CoV-2 spreading (i.e., COVID-19 dynamics) among categorized people and trial numerical simulations are performed in view of extant infection data from Florida (USA), here taken as case study. Prospective extensions for the proposed epidemic transport model are addressed (e.g., diffusive infection in inhomogeneous media and human’s displacement rheology).
Perancangan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Berbasis Android Menggunakan Smart APP Creator 3 Dalam Mata Pelajaran Biologi
Authors: Muliany Reski , Zakir Supratman , Sesmiarni Zulfani , Charles Charles
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis Android menggunakan Smart App Creator 3 pada mata pelajaran Biologi di SMPN 3 Kecamatan Payakumbuh. Proses pembelajaran yang interaktif dan menarik sangat penting untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa, terutama dalam konteks pembelajaran jarak jauh yang diterapkan selama pandemi COVID-19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D) dengan model ADDIE, yang meliputi tahap analisis, desain, pengembangan, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Uji validitas produk dilakukan oleh tiga ahli, yang menunjukkan nilai validitas rata-rata sebesar 0,97, menunjukkan bahwa media tersebut valid dan dapat digunakan. Uji praktikalitas melibatkan guru dan siswa, dengan hasil menunjukkan tingkat kepraktisan yang sangat tinggi. Uji efektivitas dilakukan menggunakan rumus Richard R. Hake (G-Score), menghasilkan nilai rata-rata G sebesar 0,81, yang menunjukkan efektivitas tinggi media pembelajaran yang dirancang. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam meningkatkan proses pembelajaran Biologi yang lebih efektif dan menarik bagi siswa, serta mendukung penggunaan teknologi dalam pendidikan.
Perancangan Sistem Pakar Pendeteksi Soal HOTS pada Mata Pelajaran Informatika Kelas XI di SMA Negeri 2 Bukittinggi
Authors: Serlika Sutri , Sesmiarni Zulfani , Aprison Wedra , Zakir Supratman , Musril Hari Antoni
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi di SMAN 2 Bukittinggi belum adanya alat atau aplikasi khusus untuk mendeteksi soal hots atau non)hots. Yang digunakan guru untuk menentukan soal hots atau non-(i)hots masih manual menggunakan asesmen yang sudah ada yang berupa aturan kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor, hal tersebut menyebabkan guru menentuan soal hots atau noni hots belum sepenuhnya valid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi validitas, kepraktisan, dan efektivitas produk sistem pakar pendeteksi soal hots pada mata pelajaran informatika kelas XI di SMA Negeri 2 Bukittinggi. Jenis kajian ini adalah investigasi perancangan dengan model Rapid Application Development (RAD) atau Prototyping cepat. Yang mana RAD menekan kanpada siklus pengembangan yang cepat, singkat, dan efisien. Waktu yang terbatas merupakan faktor penting dalam model ini. Metode RAD (Rapid Application Development) menggunakan pendekatan iteratif, di mana model awal sistem dikembangkan untuk menentukan kebutuhan pengguna. Tahap desain melibatkan perancangan produk, sementara tahap pengembangan mencakup evaluasi oleh para pakar, termasuk pakar konten, pakar konstruk, dan pakar bahasa. Pada tahap implementation, dilakukan pengujian dalam skala kecil dan besar, terakhir tahap evaluation, yakni menganalisis keuntungan dan kelemahan dari produk yang di uji coba. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar validitas, praktikalitas, dan efektifitas berupa angket. Analisis data terdiri dari analisis validitas, praktikalitas dan efektivitas.
Manajemen Sarana dan Prasarana untuk Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan di UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padang Sidempuan
Authors: Suriani Irda
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi pentingnya manajemen sarana dan prasarana dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padang Sidempuan. Fokus utama penelitian adalah pada implementasi strategi manajemen yang bertujuan untuk menciptakan lingkungan pendidikan yang optimal. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif naturalistik, penelitian ini mengumpulkan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan pengkajian dokumen, yang kemudian dianalisis melalui beberapa tahapan, termasuk reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan sarana dan prasarana, seperti perpustakaan dan laboratorium, memegang peran krusial dalam mendukung proses belajar mengajar. Namun, masih terdapat beberapa keterbatasan, seperti kurangnya kualifikasi staf tertentu dalam pengelolaan fasilitas tersebut. Proses manajemen melibatkan berbagai tahap, dari perencanaan hingga penghapusan, yang bertujuan untuk memastikan bahwa fasilitas pendidikan tetap sesuai dengan standar dan kebutuhan yang berkembang. Pembaharuan fasilitas pendidikan secara berkala berdampak positif terhadap mutu pendidikan di UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padang Sidempuan. Selain mendukung pembelajaran akademik, universitas juga membekali siswa dengan keterampilan praktis yang relevan, seperti menjahit dan merias, untuk mempersiapkan mereka menghadapi dunia kerja. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menekankan bahwa implementasi manajemen sarana dan prasarana yang efektif dapat meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan secara signifikan, mendukung pencapaian tujuan pendidikan nasional, serta mempersiapkan lulusan yang berdaya saing.
Active Learning Strategies in English Teaching in Higher Vocational Colleges
Authors: Wei Kong , Dizon Carmela S.
Published: October 2024

With the continuous development of modern society, the demand for international communication is increasing day by day, which also puts forward the demand for modern talents. Master and be able to communicate with English, has become one of the directions of talent training in various universities, and the importance of English subjects in higher vocational colleges is gradually increasing. The use of active learning strategies in higher vocational colleges to carry out teaching activities can mobilize students’ learning initiative, create a better learning experience, improve their oral English expression ability, and develop their critical thinking. This literature review mainly combines an analysis of the current situation of English teaching in domestic higher vocational colleges, presents the use of active learning strategies in the teaching and learning process in order to provide some support for the healthy application of English teaching activities in higher vocational colleges.
THE IMPORTANCE OF PUBLIC SPENDING IN BRAZIL'S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (2000 TO 2023)
Authors: Pereira Melesko Cristiani
Published: October 2024

Public expenditure can influence economic development by increasing public investment. This study seeks to analyze the importance of public investments in education, health, infrastructure and human capital in the process of economic development. The objective of the article is to address, from a theoretical perspective, the relevance of public spending in Brazilian economic development. The research showed that an efficient allocation of public spending in different strategic, innovative areas with potential disseminators can influence and influence the country's economic development.
RECREATION IN SPECIAL EDUCATION WITH PEOPLE WITH DOWN SYNDROME
Authors: Lopes Schabbach Rosilene
Published: October 2024

This TCC aims to understand and discuss the process of including a child with Down syndrome in a regular school, contribute to the increase in studies on children with Down syndrome, recreation and psychomotor skills, and value and stimulate self-esteem with activities that allow them to create and recreate movements, experimenting and leading them to build positive values ​​and attitudes, given that the inclusion procedure, precisely because it differentiates the practice from integration, challenges common social systems to make fundamental changes in their procedures and structures. Social inclusion is, therefore, a process that contributes to the construction of a new type of society through transformations in physical environments, in the mentality of people and in the person with the disease. There must be inclusion in education, in leisure, in society, in the heart. When this is achieved, we can speak of inclusive life.
Intraretinal hyperreflective line: potential biomarker in various retinal disorders
Authors: Kayabasi Mustafa , Koksaldi Seher , Saatci Ali Osman
Published: October 2024

Background: The intraretinal hyperreflective line (IHL) is a novel posterior segment finding demonstrable using careful optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination. It likely indicates a reaction against photoreceptor, Muller cell, and/or retinal pigment epithelial damage. This study analyzed the spectral-domain OCT characteristics of IHLs to disclose their presence in various retinal conditions.
Methods: A retrospective review of the charted and imaging records of participants with IHL was conducted at Dokuz Eylul University Department of Ophthalmology between January 2019 and August 2023. The inclusion criterion was the detection of an IHL on good-quality B-scan spectral-domain OCT. An IHL was defined as a vertical line extending from the ellipsoid zone band (or lower) through the outer nuclear layer to the internal limiting membrane in the central fovea. Associated retinal conditions were recorded as potential causative factors for the presence of IHL.
Results: IHL was observed on spectral-domain OCT in 40 eyes of 38 participants with several retinal diseases assessment. Fourteen eyes (35%) underwent vitreoretinal surgery pre-IHL detection (12 were operated for full-thickness macular hole [FTMH], one for epiretinal membrane [ERM], and one for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment). In six eyes (15%) a microhole coexisted. Four eyes (10%) had a concurrent lamellar macular hole. The IHL preceded the occurrence of FTMH in three eyes (7.5%), and diabetic macular edema and type 2 idiopathic macular telangiectasia (MacTel-2) were present in three eyes (7.5%) each. The remaining conditions included vitreomacular traction (VMT), non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy with central retinal artery occlusion, commotio retinae, exudative age-related macular degeneration, ERM, non-infectious idiopathic posterior uveitis, and Coats’ disease, each affecting one eye (2.5%). Of the two participants with bilateral involvement, one was diagnosed with MacTel-2 and the other had IHL with VMT in the right eye that was detected post-vitreoretinal surgery for FTMH in the left eye.
Conclusions: Although IHLs are mostly identified in eyes with vitreomacular surface diseases, clinicians may encounter IHLs in other types of retinal pathology. Further large-scale, multicenter, long-term studies on the presence of IHLs in OCT imaging are required to provide more substantial insight on this biomarker.
Adoção do Sistema de Comunicação e Arquivamento de Imagens (PACS) na área da saúde:
Authors: Melo Alisson Santos , Morais Alaine Pires , Mendes Bruno Santos , Lima Alessandra Cabral Nogueira , Luft Maria Conceição Melo Silva
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Este trabalho teve o objetivo a elaboração de uma revisão sistemática integrativa, sobre como a literatura internacional está discutindo a adoção da tecnologia PACS na área de saúde.
Método/abordagem: foi realizada uma revisão sistemática integrativa através do método proposto por Botelho, Cunha e Macedo (2011).
Contribuições teóricas/práticas/sociais: foi possível compreender as discussões no cenário internacional, abordando questões sobre o grau de tecnologia em hospitais europeus, teorias de aceitação e adoção da tecnologia, sobretudo a eficiência com a atuação de profissionais nesse contexto.
Originalidade/relevância: Os achados, também, destacam a necessidade de ampliar a quantidade de pesquisas envolvendo o PACS na área da saúde, a fim de fornecer informações mais abrangentes e atualizadas para pesquisadores, profissionais da saúde e gestores. Por fim, os resultados contribuem para a consolidação do conhecimento sobre a adoção do PACS e fornecem insights valiosos para a tomada de decisões em ambientes de saúde.
Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Algıladıkları Uyumsal Performansları ve Okul Kültürü Arasındaki İlişkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Kuş Aslı , Tümkaya Songül
Published: October 2024

Modern dünya ile birlikte yeniliğe ve değişime uyum sağlamak gittikçe önemli hale gelmeye başlamıştır. Hedeflerine başarılı bir şekilde ulaşmak isteyen örgütler için iş performansı daha fazla önem kazanmıştır. Örgütler için en değerli kaynak insandır. Eğitim örgütlerindeki performansı gösterecek olanlar şüphesiz öğretmenlerdir. Eğitim kurumları da değişen yapılardan biri olması sebebiyle bu örgütlerdeki değişimi yaşayacak, uyum sağlayacak olan yine öğretmenlerdir. Çünkü öğretmenler iş performansı ve gösterecekleri uyum ile eğitimin kalitesini etkileyerek eğitim sisteminin gelişmesine katkıda bulunacaklardır. İstenen düzeyde uyumsal performans gösteren öğretmenler kurumlarında istenen başarıyı sağlamış olacaklardır. Bu nedenle çalışmada sınıf öğretmenlerinin algıladıkları uyumsal performansların incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 391 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veriler “Öğretmenlerin Algıladıkları Uyumsal Performans”, “Okul Kültürü Ölçeği” ve kişisel bilgi formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi, Kruskal-Wallis testi, Pearson Momentler Çarpımı korelasyonu ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda uyumsal performansın beklenmedik durumları yönetme alt boyutunda, yalnızca çalışma yılı değişkenine göre 26-30 yıl çalışan öğretmenler lehine anlamlı bir fark olduğu saptanmıştır. Kişiler arası ve kültürel uyum gösterme alt boyutunda ise kadın, lisansüstü mezunu, 1-5 yıl ve köy/mahallede çalışan öğretmenler lehine anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Kadın ve 1-5 yıl çalışma yılı olan öğretmenlerin problemlerle başa çıkma düzeylerinin diğer öğretmenlere göre anlamlı düzeyde düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Evaluation of natural compounds as VEGFR-2 inhibitors for breast cancer therapy: insights from molecular docking and drug-likeness analysis
Authors: Aprilia Vika , Sarmoko  , Fareza Muhamad Salman , Baroroh Hanif Nasiatul , Choironi Nur Amalia
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer remains one of the most common cancers worldwide, with VEGFR-2 (KDR) playing a key role in tumor angiogenesis. Inhibiting VEGFR-2 is a promising therapeutic strategy. Natural compounds are increasingly studied for their potential to inhibit VEGFR-2. This study aims to assess the binding affinity of 11 natural compounds (andrographolide, alpha-mangostin, pinostrobin, pinocembrin, ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EPMS), xanthorrhizol, galangin, gamma-mangostin, curcumin, cinnamaldehyde, and alashanoid B) to the VEGFR-2 protein through molecular docking and Lipinski's rule analysis, identifying promising candidates for breast cancer treatment. Molecular docking simulations were performed for 11 compounds and sunitinib as a control, with binding energies and interactions analyzed. The compounds were also evaluated for drug-likeness using Lipinski’s rule of five. Curcumin showed the highest binding affinity to VEGFR-2 with a binding energy of -9.9 kcal/mol, surpassing sunitinib (-9.4 kcal/mol). Key interactions were observed with active site residues Cys919 and Asp1046. All tested compounds met the criteria for oral bioavailability per Lipinski’s rules. Curcumin demonstrates potential as a VEGFR-2 inhibitor due to its favorable binding affinity and drug-like properties. Enhancing curcumin’s bioavailability is recommended for effective therapeutic application.
Teaching "Usul-i Cedit" (The New Method) to Primary School Teachers in Ottoman Provinces
Authors: Sarıçelik Kerim , Kart Öztürk
Published: October 2024

This research aims to uncover the activities undertaken to teach the new "usul-i cedit" teaching methods to sibyan (primary) school teachers who continued providing traditional education during the modernization period. Modernization of education encompasses various practices, from curricula of usul-i cedit to school management, teachers' personal rights, and health regulations in schools. Usul-i cedit focuses on teaching Turkish literacy and new methods developed for this purpose.

Due to the failure of primary school reforms during the Tanzimat Period, the competence of school teachers was questioned. There was a push to gradually remove teachers unable to teach using usul-i cedit. However, training enough qualified teachers at Darülmuallimin-i Sıbyan would take time. Therefore, rapid courses were introduced to quickly train current primary school teachers in the new methods. Sample schools like iptidai, rüştiye, and provincial teacher training schools served as course centers. These courses primarily taught new methods for teaching Turkish literacy and included modern pedagogical methods for basic education subjects. The "usul-i tedris" (teaching method) lesson, central to teaching the new reading and writing methods, was a key component of all courses.

The research employed document analysis, with data from Ottoman Archive documents forming the study's backbone. Historical data were analyzed using content analysis.