bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Planning, Strategy Learning, and Working Memory Capacity on Mental Workload
Authors: Radüntz Thea
Published: April 2020

In our modern society, planning and problem solving are crucial for handling a wide range of situations. Investigation of the experienced mental workload connected to planning, strategy learning, and working memory capacity is of particular interest for adjusting conditions according to the mental state of the individual. In our study, we examined 21 subjects during a planning and a working memory task. We applied the method of Dual Frequency Head Maps (DFHM) from the electroencephalogram for capturing mental workload objectively. We evaluated the DFHM-workload index and performance data during the learning and main phase of the planning task and linked the results to subjects’ working memory capacity. The DFHM-workload index indicated that subjects with higher working memory capacity experienced a gradual decrease in mental workload during strategy learning of the planning task. However, the effect of learning on mental workload disappeared during the main phase.
Sub-lattice of Jahn-Teller centers in hexaferrite crystal
Authors: Gudkov V. V. , Sarychev M. N. , Zherlitsyn S. , Zhevstovskikh I. V. , Averkiev N. S. , Vinnik D. A. , Gudkova S. A. , Niewa R. , Dressel M. , Alyabyeva L. N. , Gorshunov B. P. , Bersuker I. B.
Published: April 2020

A novel type of sub-lattice of the Jahn-Teller (JT) centers was arranged in Ti-doped barium hexaferrite BaFe12O19. In the un-doped crystal all iron ions, sitting in five different crystallographic positions, are Fe3+ in the high-spin configuration (S = 5/2) and have a non-degenerate ground state. We show that the electron-donor Ti substitution converts the ions to Fe2+ predominantly in tetrahedral coordination, resulting in doubly-degenerate states subject to the $$E\otimes e$$
E
⊗
e
problem of the JT effect. The arranged JT complexes, Fe2+O4, their adiabatic potential energy, non-linear and quantum dynamics, have been studied by means of ultrasound and terahertz-infrared spectroscopies. The JT complexes are sensitive to external stress and applied magnetic field. For that reason, the properties of the doped crystal can be controlled by the amount and state of the JT complexes.
Neonicotinoid insecticides hinder the pupation and metamorphosis into adults in a crabronid wasp
Authors: Heneberg Petr , Bogusch Petr , Astapenková Alena , Řezáč Milan
Published: April 2020

Neonicotinoid insecticides are associated with a decline in the diversity and distribution of bees and wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata). The effects of neonicotinoids on the metamorphosis of aculeates have never been addressed in detail; however, recent evidence suggests that neonicotinoids induce wing abnormalities. We hypothesized that the metamorphosis success of bees and wasps differs in response to contact exposure to field-realistic concentrations of neonicotinoid insecticides or in response to combined exposure to neonicotinoid insecticides and benzimidazole fungicides. We treated prepupae of the model crabronid wasp Pemphredon fabricii with field-realistic concentrations of four neonicotinoids, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam, and/or with the benzimidazole fungicide thiabendazole. Treatment with acetamiprid or imidacloprid decreased the pupation rates to only 39% and 32%, respectively. Treatment with thiacloprid or thiamethoxam did not affect the pupation rate when applied alone, but the subsequent treatment of thiacloprid- or thiamethoxam-treated prepupae with thiabendazole led to significant decreases in pupation rates. A high concentration of acetamiprid, which severely affected the pupation rates, had moderate effects on metamorphosis into adults, resulting in 53% metamorphosis success (as opposed to 95% metamorphosis success in the water-treated group). However, imidacloprid or thiamethoxam treatment resulted in only 5%-10% metamorphosis success into adults. Overall survival decreased in response to treatment with any of the neonicotinoids or benzimidazoles or their combinations, with extremely low survival (<2%) following combined treatment with imidacloprid and thiabendazole or thiamethoxam and thiabendazole. In conclusion, neonicotinoids alter insect metamorphosis success, which can be further potentiated by their combination with other agrochemicals, such as benzimidazoles.
Protecting the peri-domestic environment: the challenge for eliminating residual malaria
Authors: Pollard Edgar J. M. , MacLaren David , Russell Tanya L. , Burkot Thomas R.
Published: April 2020

Malaria transmission after universal access and use of malaria preventive services is known as residual malaria transmission. The concurrent spatial-temporal distributions of people and biting mosquitoes in malaria endemic villages determines where and when residual malaria transmission occurs. Understanding human and vector population behaviors and movements is a critical first step to prevent mosquito bites to eliminate residual malaria transmission. This study identified where people in the Solomon Islands are over 24-hour periods. Participants (59%) were predominantly around the house but not in their house when most biting by Anopheles farauti, the dominant malaria vector, occurs. While 84% of people slept under a long-lasting insecticide-treated bed net (LLIN), on average only 7% were under an LLIN during the 18:00 to 21:00 h peak mosquito biting period. On average, 34% of participants spend at least one night away from their homes each fortnight. Despite high LLIN use while sleeping, most human biting by An. farauti occurs early in the evening before people go to sleep when people are in peri-domestic areas (predominantly on verandas or in kitchen areas). Novel vector control tools that protect individuals from mosquito bites between sundown and when people sleep are needed for peri-domestic areas.
New screening system using Twist1 promoter activity identifies dihydrorotenone as a potent drug targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts
Authors: Lee Eunmyong , Yeo So-Young , Lee Keun-Woo , Lee Jin A. , Kim Kyeong Kyu , Kim Seok-Hyung
Published: April 2020

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant stromal cells in tumor microenvironments. These cells strongly support tumor progression and are considered to be potent therapeutic targets. Therefore, drugs targeting CAFs have been developed, but most of them have failed in clinical trials. The discovery of additional drugs to inactivate or eliminate CAFs is thus essential. In this study, we developed a high-throughput screening system to find anti-CAF drugs using reporter cells that express Twist1 promoter-GFP. This screening system uses the activity of the Twist1 promoter as an indicator of CAF activation because Twist1 is known to be a central player in CAF activation. Using this screening system, we found that dihydrorotenone (DHR), an inhibitor of electron transfer chain complex 1 in mitochondria, can effectively deactivate CAFs. DHR-treated CAFs exhibited reduced expression of CAF-enriched markers, decreased capability of collagen gel contraction, and impaired ability to engage in tumor-promoting activities, such as facilitating the proliferation and colonization of cancer cells. Furthermore, conditioned media from DHR-treated CAFs attenuated tumor progression in mice grafted with MNK28 cells. In conclusion, DHR can be considered as a candidate drug targeting CAFs.
Coal-based 3D hierarchical porous carbon aerogels for high performance and super-long life supercapacitors
Authors: Lv Yan , Ding Lili , Wu Xueyan , Guo Nannan , Guo Jixi , Hou Shengchao , Tong Fenglian , Jia Dianzeng , Zhang Hongbo
Published: April 2020

Coal-based 3D hierarchical porous carbon aerogels (3D HPCAs) has been successfully fabricated from a freeze-drying method and with subsequent of calcination process, using coal oxide as carbon precursors, and PVA as both cross-linking agent and sacrifice template. The 3D HPCAs, using as electrode materials for supercapacitors, display outstanding electrochemical performance. The optimal sample (HPCAs-0.4-800) presents a high specific capacitance of 260 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, and exhibits considerable rate capability with the retention of 81% at 10 A g−1. Notably, HPCAs-0.4-800 shows an excellent cycling stability with 105% of the capacitance retention after 50000 cycles at 10 A g−1, attributing to its unique hierarchical porosity, high surface area up to 1303 m2 g−1, and improved conductivity. This work offers a promising route to synthesize coal-based porous carbon aerogels electrode materials for supercapacitors.
Survival of pancreatic cancer patients is negatively correlated with age at diagnosis: a population-based retrospective study
Authors: Wang Hongcheng , Liu Jiazhe , Xia Guanggai , Lei Shizhou , Huang Xiuyan , Huang Xinyu
Published: April 2020

In this population-based retrospective study, we aimed to investigate the association between age at diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) patients using data from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and the End Results database. Different factors for stratification, like race, sex, year of diagnosis, pathological grade, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, historic stage, and tumour location, were included to compare the survival rates of patients of different age groups, and the five-year survival rate was calculated. Multivariate analysis using Cox regression was performed to control for confounder bias, and the hazard ratio was calculated. In total, 126,066 patients were enrolled in this study. The five-year PC-specific survival of patients aged 20–40 years was almost three times that of patients aged >40 years. Stratified by race, sex, year of diagnosis, pathological grade, clinical stage, and tumour location, a descending trend of survival was observed with an increase in age. On multivariate analysis, the mortality risk of PC patients aged 40–80 years was twice that of patients aged <40 years; however, patients aged >80 years had a mortality risk three times that of patients aged <40 years. The survival rate of PC patients has improved in the last few decades. Age at diagnosis is a significant and negative prognostic factor for PC, and patients diagnosed at a relatively earlier stage had the best survival.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “Pressure enhancement in carbon nanopores: a major confinement effect”’ by D. van Dijk, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2020, 22, DOI: 10.1039/C9CP02890K
Authors: Long Yun , Palmer Jeremy C. , Coasne Benoit , Shi Kaihang , Śliwińska-Bartkowiak Małgorzata , Gubbins Keith E.
Published: April 2020

By calculating the unique effective tangential pressure and discussing recent evidence from experiment and simulations, we show that the high pressure and strong compression in adsorbed layers for wetting systems on carbon are significant.
Hydration in aqueous osmolyte solutions: the case of TMAO and urea
Authors: Sahle Christoph J. , Schroer Martin A. , Niskanen Johannes , Elbers Mirko , Jeffries Cy M. , Sternemann Christian
Published: April 2020

X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy and first principles simulations reveal details of the hydration and hydrogen-bond topology of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and urea in aqueous solutions.
Temperature mediated ‘photonic hook’ nanoparticle manipulator with pulsed illumination
Authors: Spector Marat , Ang Angeleene S. , Minin Oleg V. , Minin Igor V. , Karabchevsky Alina
Published: April 2020

We generate a photonic hook using a pulsed wave and study the heat-associated effects of a spherical nanoparticle.
A reversible and highly conductive adhesive: towards self-healing and recyclable flexible electronics
Authors: Yan Qiming , Zhou Meng , Fu Heqing
Published: April 2020

Flexible conductive adhesives are important materials for the next generation of flexible electronic devices.
Profiling of immune–cancer interactions at the single-cell level using a microfluidic well array
Authors: Tu Honglei , Wu Zhuhao , Xia Yu , Chen Hui , Hu Hang , Ding Zhao , Zhou Fuling , Guo Shishang
Published: April 2020

Cancer immunotherapy has achieved great success in hematological cancers.
Direct measurement of Cu and Pb isotopic ratios without column chemistry for bronze materials using MC-ICP-MS
Authors: Bao Zhian , Zong Chunlei , Liang Peng , Zhang Yan , Chen Kaiyun , Yuan Honglin
Published: April 2020

This study presents a practical method for high-precision Cu and Pb isotope determination without column chemistry for bronze materials using MC-ICP-MS.
A radical-mediated 1,3,4-trifunctionalization cascade of 1,3-enynes with sulfinates andtert-butyl nitrite: facile access to sulfonyl isoxazoles
Authors: Yue Xin , Hu Ming , He Xingyi , Wu Shuang , Li Jin-Heng
Published: April 2020

An unprecedented indium-promoted three-component 1,3,4-trifunctionalization cascade of 1,3-enynes with sulfinates andtert-butyl nitrite for producing 5-sulfonylisoxazolesvia[3+2] annulation is reported.
Morphology restrained growth of V2O5 by the oxidation of V-MXenes as a fast diffusion controlled cathode material for aqueous zinc ion batteries
Authors: Narayanasamy Mugilan , Kirubasankar Balakrishnan , Shi Minjie , Velayutham Shanmuganathan , Wang Bei , Angaiah Subramania , Yan Chao
Published: April 2020

Restrained morphology and structural engineering of layered V2O5 by the oxidation of V-MXene to form a unique V2O5@V2C nanohybrids at different temperature and used as a cathode material for aqueous Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs).
Supramolecular association of M2+⋯π induced by different electrostatic properties using naphthyl substituted β-diketonate complexes (metal = Cu, Pd, Pt)
Authors: Kusakawa Takumi , Goto Takayuki , Hori Akiko
Published: April 2020

Expanded π-conjugated coordination complexes, [M(L2)2] (M = Cu2+, Pd2+, Pt2+; L2 = dinaphthoylmethanido−), were prepared and their unique electron contributions and electrophile/nucleophile characteristics were found due to the supramolecular associations.
Quantifying anisotropic dielectric response properties of nanoconfined water within graphene slit pores
Authors: Ruiz-Barragan Sergi , Muñoz-Santiburcio Daniel , Körning Saskia , Marx Dominik
Published: April 2020

Water presents puzzling properties once it gets confined, in particular its dielectric response becomes highly anisotropic. Here, we analyze the dielectric response of water within graphene slit pores based on molecular dynamics simulations.
Multifunctionality of lanthanum–strontium manganite nanopowder
Authors: Wei Ziyu , Pashchenko A. V. , Liedienov N. A. , Zatovsky I. V. , Butenko D. S. , Li Quanjun , Fesych I. V. , Turchenko V. A. , Zubov E. E. , Polynchuk P. Yu. , Pogrebnyak V. G. , Poroshin V. M. , Levchenko G. G.
Published: April 2020

The established results expand the understanding of the practical use of manganite perovskites as multifunctional nanomaterials with a unique combination of magnetic, magnetothermal, and electrocatalytic properties.
Therapeutic target and molecular mechanism of vitamin C-treated pneumonia: a systematic study of network pharmacology
Authors: Li Rong , Guo Chao , Li Yu , Liang Xiao , Yang Lu , Huang Wenjun
Published: April 2020

Vitamin C (VC), a well-reported antioxidant, is found with beneficial actions of preventing and treating pneumonia.
Recent progress in the design and synthesis of nanofibers with diverse synthetic methodologies: characterization and potential applications
Authors: Soltani Soroush , Khanian Nasrin , Choong Thomas Shean Yaw , Rashid Umer
Published: April 2020

The advancements of nanotechnology, particularly nanomaterials science, have produced a broad range of nanomaterials including nanofibers, nanorods, nanowires andetc., which have been technically and practically examined over various applications.
Self-formed C-dot-based 2D polysiloxane with high photoluminescence quantum yield and stability
Authors: Hu Guangqi , Xu Xiaokai , Lei Bingfu , Zhuang Jianle , Zhang Xuejie , Zhang Haoran , Hu Chaofan , Liu Xiaotang , He Yingji , Liu Yingliang
Published: April 2020

A novel 2D polysiloxane embedded with Si-doped-carbon-dots was synthesized, which shows dual-fluorescence emission, and high photoluminescence quantum yields and stability.
Amorphous TiO2 as a multifunctional interlayer for boosting the efficiency and stability of the CdS/cobaloxime hybrid system for photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Zhao Hongkai , Li Xiaoxia , Zheng Mingyue , Zhao Xian , Zhang Qun , Luo Yi , Fan Weiliu
Published: April 2020

Both highly effective and stable CdS/Co hybrid system was constructed by inserting a controllable thickness of amorphous TiO2.
Interstratified heterostructures of metal hydroxide nanoclusters and MoS2 monolayers with improved electrode performance
Authors: Gu Tae-Ha , Kim Jungeun , Oh Seung Mi , Jin Xiaoyan , Hwang Seong-Ju
Published: April 2020

Interstratified 2D nanohybrids of chromium hydroxide–molybdenum disulfide with improved electrode functionality are synthesized by the self-assembly of anionic monolayered MoS2 nanosheets with cationic chromium hydroxide nanoclusters.
SrTaO2N co-doped with La/Zr as promising photocatalysts for water reduction under visible light illumination
Authors: Wang Ran , Lin Guoan , Xu Xiaoxiang
Published: April 2020

La/Zr co-doping preserves visible light absorption of SrTaO2N, prohibits the formation of defects, improves surface hydrophilicity and charge separation conditions, all of which contribute to an enhanced photocatalytic activity for water reduction.
An Aspidosperma-type alkaloid dimer from Tabernaemontana bovina as a candidate for the inhibition of microglial activation
Authors: Yu Yang , Zhao Si-Meng , Bao Mei-Fen , Cai Xiang-Hai
Published: April 2020

As a representative of twelve undescribed Aspidosperma-type alkaloid dimers, tabernaemontine F (6) inhibited microglial activation by blocking P38 MAPK activation, revealing a potential candidate for chronic neurodegenerative diseases.
Ag2O-catalysed nucleophilic isocyanation: selective formation of less-stable benzylic isonitriles
Authors: Yurino Taiga , Tange Yuji , Tani Ryutaro , Ohkuma Takeshi
Published: April 2020

Both primary and secondary benzylic isonitriles were exclusively produced by the Ag2O-catalysed reaction of benzylic phosphates and trimethylsilyl cyanide without formation of the thermodynamically favoured regioisomers, benzylic nitriles.
Correction: Resistive switching effect and magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles embedded-polyvinyl alcohol film
Authors: Nguyen Hai Hung , Thi Ta Hanh Kieu , Park Sungkyun , Phan Thang Bach , Pham Ngoc Kim
Published: April 2020

Correction for ‘Resistive switching effect and magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles embedded-polyvinyl alcohol film’ by Hai Hung Nguyen et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 12900–12907.
Spontaneous S–Si bonding of alkanethiols to Si(111)–H: towards Si–molecule–Si circuits
Authors: Peiris Chandramalika R. , Ciampi Simone , Dief Essam M. , Zhang Jinyang , Canfield Peter J. , Le Brun Anton P. , Kosov Daniel S. , Reimers Jeffrey R. , Darwish Nadim
Published: April 2020

Spontaneously formed Si–S bonds enable monolayer and single-molecule Si–molecule–Si circuits.
Nickel catalysis enables convergent paired electrolysis for direct arylation of benzylic C–H bonds
Authors: Zhang Lei , Hu Xile
Published: April 2020

A direct arylation of benzylic C–H bonds is achieved by integrating Ni-catalyzed benzyl–aryl coupling into convergent paired electrolysis.
Introduction of a 7-aza-6-MeO-indoline auxiliary in Lewis-acid/photoredox cooperative catalysis: highly enantioselective aminomethylation of α,β-unsaturated amides
Authors: Pagire Santosh K. , Kumagai Naoya , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: April 2020

An efficient cooperative chiral Lewis acid and photoredox catalytic system towards the highly enantioselective radical conjugate addition of α-amino radicals to α,β-unsaturated amides is developed with the implementation of unique auxiliaries.
On the pressure dependence of the thermodynamical scaling exponent γ
Authors: Casalini R. , Ransom T. C.
Published: April 2020

In materials with a constant scaling parameter γS, the Isomorph γI is found to vary with pressure, demonstrating γS ≠ γI.
Adoptive cellular immunotherapy of tumors via effective CpG delivery to dendritic cells using dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles as a gene vector
Authors: Chen Huan , Fan Yu , Hao Xinxin , Yang Chao , Peng Yucheng , Guo Rui , Shi Xiangyang , Cao Xueyan
Published: April 2020

PEGylated Au DENPs ({(Au0)25-G5·NH2-mPEG20}) are synthesized and used as a novel nonviral vector to deliver CpG to mature BMDCs for the subsequent activation of T cells for adoptive tumor immunotherapy.
Electrochromic devices based on ultraviolet-cured poly(methyl methacrylate) gel electrolytes and their utilisation in smart window applications
Authors: Lee Hyun Joo , Lee Chanyong , Song Juhee , Yun Yong Ju , Jun Yongseok , Ah Chil Seong
Published: April 2020

Electrochromic devices (ECDs) have been widely investigated for application in next-generation displays and smart windows owing to their highly efficient optical transmittance modulation properties.
The In2SeS/g-C3N4heterostructure: a new two-dimensional material for photocatalytic water splitting
Authors: He C. , Han F. S. , Zhang J. H. , Zhang W. X.
Published: April 2020

The In2SeS/g-C3N4heterostructure is a new type of semiconductor material that uses visible light to split water.
Cell Atlas technologies and insights into tissue architecture
Authors: Wilbrey-Clark Anna , Roberts Kenny , Teichmann Sarah A.
Published: April 2020

Since Robert Hooke first described the existence of ‘cells’ in 1665, scientists have sought to identify and further characterise these fundamental units of life. While our understanding of cell location, morphology and function has expanded greatly; our understanding of cell types and states at the molecular level, and how these function within tissue architecture, is still limited. A greater understanding of our cells could revolutionise basic biology and medicine. Atlasing initiatives like the Human Cell Atlas aim to identify all cell types at the molecular level, including their physical locations, and to make this reference data openly available to the scientific community. This is made possible by a recent technology revolution: both in single-cell molecular profiling, particularly single-cell RNA sequencing, and in spatially resolved methods for assessing gene and protein expression. Here, we review available and upcoming atlasing technologies, the biological insights gained to date and the promise of this field for the future.
Inhibition of an active zymogen protease: the zymogen form of matriptase is regulated by HAI-1 and HAI-2
Authors: Skovbjerg Signe , Holt-Danborg Lasse , Nonboe Annika W. , Hong Zebin , Frost Ásdís K. , Schar Christine R. , Thomas Cecilia C. , Vitved Lars , Jensen Jan K. , Vogel Lotte K.
Published: April 2020

The membrane-bound serine protease matriptase belongs to a rare subset of serine proteases that display significant activity in the zymogen form. Matriptase is critically involved in epithelial differentiation and homeostasis, and insufficient regulation of its proteolytic activity directly causes onset and development of malignant cancer. There is strong evidence that the zymogen activity of matriptase is sufficient for its biological function(s). Activated matriptase is inhibited by the two Kunitz-type inhibitor domain-containing hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitors 1 (HAI-1) and HAI-2, however, it remains unknown whether the activity of the matriptase zymogen is regulated. Using both purified proteins and a cell-based assay, we show that the catalytic activity of the matriptase zymogen towards a peptide-based substrate as well as the natural protein substrates, pro-HGF and pro-prostasin, can be inhibited by HAI-1 and HAI-2. Inhibition of zymogen matriptase by HAI-1 and HAI-2 appears similar to inhibition of activated matriptase and occurs at comparable inhibitor concentrations. This indicates that HAI-1 and HAI-2 interact with the active sites of zymogen and activated matriptase in a similar manner. Our results suggest that HAI-1 and HAI-2 regulate matriptase zymogen activity and thus may act as regulators of matriptase trans(auto)-activation. Due to the main localisation of HAI-2 in the ER and HAI-1 in the secretory pathway and on the cell surface, this regulation likely occurs both in the secretory pathway and on the plasma membrane. Regulation of an active zymogen form of a protease is a novel finding.
miR-484 is associated with disease recurrence and promotes migration in prostate cancer
Authors: Lee Daniel , Tang Wei , Dorsey Tiffany H. , Ambs Stefan
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: microRNAs (miRs) regulate the expression of protein-coding genes and play key roles in various biological processes, including development and immunity. However, dysregulation of miR expression is also involved in disease biology, including cancer.

METHODS: We utilized The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and other publicly available databases for miRs and mRNA expression in prostate cancer, selected miR-484 and investigated its role in prostate cancer biology and disease progression using in vitro studies.

RESULTS: Our data mining efforts revealed that increased miR-484 in prostate tumors associates with early disease recurrence, while miR-484 expression in human prostate cancer cells enhances cancer cell mobility. Using RNAseq and bioinformatics, we identified candidate target genes of miR-484 and generated a list of potential tumor suppressors. One candidate in this list was PSMG1. We applied luciferase assays and immunoblotting to confirm that miR-484 directly targets PSMG1. Additional in vitro assays with cancer cell lines showed that PSMG1 knockdown rescued the reduction in mobility brought on by miR-484 inhibition, pointing toward the existence of a miR-484–PSMG1 axis in prostate cancer.

CONCLUSIONS: We hypothesize that miR-484 is an oncogene in the prostate that increases cancer cell mobility, with PSMG1 being a mir-484 target in this process.
Genetic polymorphisms as non-modifiable susceptibility factors to laryngeal cancer
Authors: Escalante Paula , Barría Tamara , Cancino Miguel , Rahal Maritza , Cerpa Leslie , Sandoval Christopher , Molina-Mellico Sebastian , Suárez Marcelo , Martínez Matias , Cáceres Dante Daniel , Quiñones Luis Abel , Varela Nelson Miguel
Published: April 2020

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a highly disabling disease to the patient, affecting speech, swallowing and respiratory skills. Smoking and alcohol abuse are principal risk factors linked to this disease. Genetic factors can be involved in carcinogenesis by controlling the cell cycle, cell survival, angiogenesis, and invasiveness. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involving specific genes could modulate the risk of LSCC related to known carcinogens by modifying cellular responses, but not all genetic associations are known.

In a case–control study, we assess the associations between cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), epidermal growth factor (EGF), EGF receptor (EGFR), and tumor suppressor P53 SNPs on the risk of LSCC development in the Chilean population. A total of 85 LSCC patients and 95 healthy volunteers were recruited. SNPs genotype were analyzed from genomic DNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) and associations were estimated by odds ratios (ORs) using unconditional logistic regressions.

A significant association between COX2 and TP53 SNP and LSCC risk was found, with an OR = 3.27 for COX2 c.-1329A>G (rs689466) SNP, and an OR = 1.94 for TP53 c.215C>G, Pro72Arg (rs1042522) SNP. These findings suggest that COX2 c.-1329A>G and TP53 c.215C>G (Pro72Arg) SNPs may be risk factors for LSCC.

Through this research, we identify two low penetrance genetic variants that may be evaluated as novel biomarkers for this disease, in South American Mestizo populations.
Genomic analysis and clinical implications of immune cell infiltration in gastric cancer
Authors: Wu Ming , Wang Yadong , Liu Hang , Song Jukun , Ding Jie
Published: April 2020

The immune infiltration of patients with gastric cancer (GC) is closely associated with clinical prognosis. However, previous studies failed to explain the different subsets of immune cells involved in immune responses and diverse functions. The present study aimed to uncover the differences in immunophenotypes in a tumor microenvironment (TME) between adjacent and tumor tissues and to explore their therapeutic targets. In our study, the relative proportion of immune cells in 229 GC tumor samples and 22 paired matched tissues was evaluated with a Cell type Identification By Estimating Relative Subsets Of known RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) algorithm. The correlation between immune cell infiltration and clinical information was analyzed. The proportion of 22 immune cell subsets was assessed to determine the correlation between each immune cell type and clinical features. Three molecular subtypes were identified with ‘CancerSubtypes’ R-package. Functional enrichment was analyzed in each subtype. The profiles of immune infiltration in the GC cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) varied significantly between the 22 paired tissues. TNM stage was associated with M1 macrophages and eosinophils. Follicular helper T cells were activated at the late stage. Monocytes were associated with radiation therapy. Three clustering processes were obtained via the ‘CancerSubtypes’ R-package. Each cancer subtype had a specific molecular classification and subtype-specific characterization. These findings showed that the CIBERSOFT algorithm could be used to detect differences in the composition of immune-infiltrating cells in GC samples, and these differences might be an important driver of GC progression and treatment response.
Experimental Review on Lepton Universality and Lepton Flavour Violation tests inBdecays
Authors: de Simone P.
Published: April 2020

Tests of lepton flavour universality inBdecays offer an excellent opportunity to test the Standard Model, and show hints of new physics in analyses performed by the LHCb, Belle and BaBar experiments. Several theoretical models proposed to explain possible violation of lepton flavour universality claim a connection with lepton flavour violation inBdecays. These proceedings review the experimental status of the tests of lepton flavour universality and the searches of lepton flavour violation inBdecays.
Towards a new generation of Charged Lepton Flavour Violation searches at the Paul Scherrer Institut: The MEG upgrade and the Mu3e experiment
Authors: Papa Angela
Published: April 2020

The MEG experiment has recently set a new upper limit on the branching ratio of the µ+ → e+γ decay, ℬ(µ+ → e+γ) < 4.2 × 10−13 (at 90% confidence level) and un upgrade of the experiment (the MEGII experiment) is ongoing with the aim of improving the single event sensitivity (SES) by one order of magnitude with respect to the previous MEG experiment’s SES. The strong scientific motivation associated with the charged Lepton Flavour Violation (cLFV) searches pushes also towards searching for the complementary muon cLFV µ+ → e+e+e− decay with a completely new apparatus, the Mu3e experiment, aiming at a SES improved by at least three orders of magnitude with respect to the previous SINDRUM experiment’s SES (Mu3e phase I). An ultimate SES of few ×10−16 is foreseen requiring 109 µ/s (Mu3e phase II). Both experiments will be hosted at the Paul Scherrer Institut which currently delivers the most intense continuous low energy muon beam in the world up to few ×108 µ/s. The status of both the MEGII and Mu3e phase I experiments is given.
Der dggö-Ausschuss Allokation und Verteilung – 10-jähriger Jubiläumsworkshop
Authors: Schwettmann Lars , Wuppermann Amelie
Published: April 2020

Der 10-jährige Jubiläumsworkshop des dggö-Ausschusses Allokation und Verteilung fand am 15. und 16. November 2019 an der Universität Konstanz statt und wurde von Friedrich Breyer (Lehrstuhl für Wirtschafts- und Sozialpolitik) und seinem Lehrstuhlteam ausgerichtet.
Synchronization of Fibroblasts Ex Vivo in Psychopharmacology
Authors: Faltraco Frank , Uzoni Adriana , Shevchuk Liliia , Thome Johannes , Palm Denise
Published: April 2020

The central oscillator for the inner clock is the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. Furthermore, many peripheral oscillators are present in tissues such as skin. Human derived fibroblasts provide an advantageous model to study circadian rhythmicity as well as the influence of pharmacological drugs on circadian gene expression. Importantly, the synchronization of the circadian system of fibroblasts can be done by different methods. The review presents an overview of the current knowledge of different synchronization methods mostly used in mice or rat fibroblasts. Furthermore, the review sums up and discusses the role of norepinephrine as a possible synchronizer agent.
The ACE-2 in COVID-19: Foe or Friend?
Authors: Dalan Rinkoo , Bornstein Stefan R. , El-Armouche Ali , Rodionov Roman N , Markov Alexander , Wielockx Ben , Beuschlein Felix , Boehm Bernhard O.
Published: April 2020

COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading outbreak globally. Emerging evidence demonstrates
that older individuals and people with underlying metabolic conditions of
diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia are at higher risk of
morbidity and mortality. The SARS-CoV-2 infects humans through the angiotensin
converting enzyme (ACE-2) receptor. The ACE-2 receptor is a part of the dual
system renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) consisting of ACE-Ang-II-AT1R
axis and ACE-2-Ang-(1–7)-Mas axis. In metabolic disorders and with
increased age, it is known that there is an upregulation of
ACE-Ang-II-AT1R axis with a downregulation of
ACE-2-Ang-(1–7)-Mas axis. The activated ACE-Ang-II-AT1R axis leads to
pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic effects in respiratory system, vascular
dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, nephropathy, and insulin secretory defects
with increased insulin resistance. On the other hand, the
ACE-2-Ang-(1–7)-Mas axis has anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects
on the respiratory system and anti-inflammatory, antioxidative stress, and
protective effects on vascular function, protects against myocardial fibrosis,
nephropathy, pancreatitis, and insulin resistance. In effect, the balance
between these two axes may determine the prognosis. The already strained
ACE-2-Ang-(1–7)-Mas in metabolic disorders is further stressed due to
the use of the ACE-2 by the virus for entry, which affects the prognosis in
terms of respiratory compromise. Further evidence needs to be gathered on
whether modulation of the renin angiotensin system would be advantageous due to
upregulation of Mas activation or harmful due to the concomitant ACE-2 receptor
upregulation in the acute management of COVID-19.
Erfahrungen und Belastungserleben niedergelassener Neurologen und Psychiater während der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Bohlken Jens , Schömig Friederike , Seehagen Thorsten , Köhler Sabine , Gehring Klaus , Roth-Sackenheim Christa , Matschinger Herbert , Riedel-Heller Steffi G.
Published: April 2020

Ziel Bisher gibt es keine Studien zu den Erfahrungen und zum Belastungserleben bei Pandemien von ambulant tätigem medizinischem Personal. Es sollen die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie im Frühjahr 2020 auf niedergelassene Neurologen und Psychiater untersucht werden.

Methode Es erfolgte eine E-Mail- und Fax-gestützte Befragung von 2072 niedergelassenen Psychiatern und Neurologen mit Fragen zur subjektiven Belastung, dem Erleben von realer Gefährdung und besonderen Bedingungen der Praxisorganisation.

Ergebnisse Der Rücklauf betrug n = 396 (19 %). Mehr als 60 % der Ärzte fühlen sich stark bis sehr stark eingeschränkt. Mehr als ein Drittel machen sich große und sehr große Sorgen und sehen zudem eine hohe oder sehr hohe Gefahr einer eigenen Infektion. Für ein weiteres Drittel trifft das eher nicht zu. 91 % hatte in der letzten Arbeitswoche März keinen wissentlichen Kontakt zu COVID-19-positiv Getesteten. Ein Drittel fühlt sich persönlich finanziell bedroht und Umsatzverluste der Praxis werden erwartet. 18 % der Befragten macht die Corona-Pandemie große bis sehr große Angst. Schlafstörungen, die nahezu jede Nacht auftreten, sind mit 9 % selten.

Schlussfolgerung Ambulant tätige neuropsychiatrische Fachärzte berichten erhebliche Einschränkungen und Belastungen sowie eine Reihe von negativen Konsequenzen.
Fraturas causadas por armas de fogo: Epidemiologia e taxa de infecção
Authors: Baumfeld Daniel , Brito Auro Sérgio Perdigão de , Torres Maíra Soares , Prado Kassio Lohner , de Andrade Marco Antonio Percope , Campos Tulio Vinicius de Oliveira
Published: April 2020

Objetivo Investigar a incidência de infecção em pacientes com fraturas por arma de fogo, e correlacionar esse achado com a ocorrência de desbridamento cirúrgico na sala de emergência.

Métodos Estudo retrospectivo, observacional e descritivo, que incluiu todos os casos de fraturas causadas por armas de fogo entre janeiro de 2010 e dezembro de 2014; foram incluídas 245 fraturas em 223 pacientes.

Resultados Houve infecção do local cirúrgico em 8,5% das fraturas, e a média de desbridamentos necessários para controlar o processo infeccioso foi de 1,273 ± 0,608. Foi identificada correlação entre o tratamento cirúrgico escolhido e o segmento corporal afetado (p < 0,001). O tratamento cirúrgico na sala de emergência teve correlação com a ocorrência de infecção (p < 0,001; teste do qui-quadrado).

Conclusão Pacientes com ferimentos à bala tratados de forma não operatória apresentaram lesões menos graves e estáveis; portanto, a incidência de complicações nesse grupo foi menor. Por outro lado, os pacientes com lesões complexas foram aqueles submetidos a desbridamento e fixação externa. Portanto, como esperado, foi encontrado um maior número de complicações infecciosas em pacientes submetidos à fixação externa.
THERMOREGULATION IN THE HEART AND THE BIOPHYSICS OF CORONARY ARTERIAL FLOW
Authors: Kumar Arunachalam
Published: April 2020

The right and left coronary arteries are the principal sources of supply of oxygenated blood to the heart. Arising from the proximal rim of the ascending aorta, these arteries course along and over the surface of the organ, sending out branches that penetrate axial blood flow through arteries is governed or maintained by multifarious physical laws.

The heart, an electrically stimulated muscular pump, squirts and receives circulating blood through its systolic and diastolic exertions. The non-stop life-long rapid action of the organ not just expends enormous energy but also generates considerable heat. While there are a number of factors that help the heart dissipate and reduce heat, a few other biophysical factors contribute hugely to maintain a thermostatic milieu.

Circulation through vessels is maintained with a high degree of efficiency through combined actions of ejection systolic pressure, elasticity of the conducting arterial channels, and the proximo-distal decrease in diameters of arteries.

This brief write-up discusses some of physics regulatng fluid flow dynamics and attempts to exemplify the significant role of 'centrifugal force' as a hitherto overlooked physical force in coronary haemodynamics. The application of biophysical postulates to cardiac cycle may help in furthering our understanding of coronary blood circulation and the multi-factorial influences on its functional integrity. It is inferenced that, the finding may have a number of applications and result in a better understanding of cardiac circulatory dynamics.
LIGHT WEIGHT HOLLOW DENTURE – A CASE SERIES
Authors: Kaira Laxman Singh , Negi Krishan Singh , Parihaar Shalini , Bisht Rahul
Published: April 2020

It is the prosthodontist's responsibility to fabricate a prosthesis incorporating stability, retention and support which ultimately provide satisfaction to the patient. But in the certain conditions such as long lip length or severely resorbed ridges with increased inter ridge distance, the weight of a maxillary denture is often a dislodging factor. Hence, a light weight denture is required for better retention. This article describes 2 case reports of completely edentulous patient successfully rehabilitated with a hollow denture where a simplified technique of fabricating a light weight maxillary denture was used.
CHICKENPOX- CUSTOMS, BELIEFS AND TRADITIONAL PRACTICES IN UDUPI DISTRICT: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Nayak Asha K. ,   Shalini
Published: April 2020

Cultural beliefs regarding causes of diseases and practices related to treatment vary from one area to another area, one community to another community. Ms X, 10 years female child was suffering from chicken pox. They strongly believed that chickenpox can be cured with home remedies only and their child has to be treated at home and child was treated at home. The nurse must be aware of these beliefs while providing care.
Adverse Outcomes among Low-Risk Pregnancies at 39 to 41 Weeks: Stratified by Birth Weight Percentile
Authors: Mendez-Figueroa Hector , Chen Han Yang , Chauhan Suneet P.
Published: April 2020

Objective This study aimed to assess the risk of adverse outcomes among low-risk pregnancies at 39 to 41 weeks, stratified by birth weight percentile.

Study Design This retrospective cohort study utilized the U.S. vital statistics datasets (2013–2017) and evaluated low-risk women with nonanomalous cephalic singleton gestations who labored and delivered at 39 to 41 weeks, regardless of ultimate mode of delivery. Newborns were categorized as small (<10th percentile), large (>90th percentile), or appropriate (10–90th percentile) for gestational ages (SGA, LGA, and AGA, respectively). The primary outcome, composite neonatal adverse outcome (CNAO), included Apgar's score <5 at 5 minutes, assisted ventilation >6 hours, seizure, or neonatal death. The secondary outcome, composite maternal adverse outcome (CMAO), included intensive care unit admission, blood transfusion, uterine rupture, or unplanned hysterectomy. Multivariable Poisson's regression was used to estimate the association (using adjusted relative risk [aRR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]).

Results Of 19.8 million live births during the study interval, approximately 8.9 million (44.9%) met the inclusion criteria, with 9.9% being SGA, 9.2% being LGA, and 80.9% being AGA. SGA newborns delivered at 40 (aRR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.12–1.23) and at 41 weeks (aRR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.45–1.66) had a higher risk of CNAO than at 39 weeks. Similarly, LGA newborns delivered at 40 (aRR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.07–1.19) and 41 weeks (aRR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.35–1.54) and AGA newborns delivered at 40 (aRR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.21–1.26) and 41 weeks (aRR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.53–1.61) also had a higher risk of CNAO than at 39 weeks. CMAO was also significantly higher at 40 and 41 weeks than at 39 weeks, regardless of whether the mothers delivered SGA, LGA, or AGA newborns.

Conclusion Among low-risk pregnancies, the risks of composite neonatal and maternal adverse outcomes increase from 39 through 41 weeks' gestation, irrespective of whether newborns are SGA, LGA, or AGA.
Improving the Quality of Medical Research
Authors: Indrayan Abhaya
Published: April 2020

A large number of medical research endeavors are made but only a few of them help in improving health. The primary reason for this dismal picture is the poor quality of most researches that increase the quantity but fail to make an impact. This communication suggests the steps that medical researchers can undertake to improve the quality of their research.
Prozessmanagement im Krankenhaus: Digitale Prozesssteuerung der Reinigung und Hygiene im Krankenhaus durch Qualitätsmanagementsysteme
Authors: Weißmantel Udo
Published: April 2020

Heute wird die Frage, ob der Gebäudereiniger und der Kunde sich mit digitalen Themen in der Krankenhausreinigung beschäftigen müssen, gar nicht gestellt. Die Branche entwickelt sich rasant – und wer nicht mitmacht wird früher oder später von der Entwicklung überholt.
Transportlogistik für die Speisenversorgung: Wirtschaften mit Köpfchen
Authors: Bühler Claus
Published: April 2020

Landauf, landab plagen knappe Kassen die Krankenhäuser. Doch Engpässe gleich welcher Art weckten im Schwabenland seit jeher den Erfindergeist. Auch im Klinikverbund setzt man auf pfiffige Konzepte, wie zum Beispiel das Insourcing der Transportlogistik für die Speisenversorgung.
Physical characteristics and fluorescence effect of “environmentally friendly” metallized wood
Authors: Li Jingkui , Wang Yanan , Zhang Jichi , Qi Dawei
Published: April 2020

The composite of nano-metal materials and wood to prepare multifunctional metallized wood is of great significance for increasing the added value of wood and expanding the field of wood applications. In this paper, the veneer of Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongholica Litv was used as the research object and the wood veneer was treated by simple physical methods. A copper thin film was grown on the surface of the wood veneer by the magnetron sputtering method to realize the preparation of “environmentally friendly” metalized wood. The preparation method of “environmentally friendly” metallized wood was explored, and the mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and fluorescent effect of metallized wood were studied. The nano-indenter, square resistance tester, and fluorescence microscope were used to characterize the mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and fluorescent effect of the “environmentally friendly” metallized wood surface. The results show that as the sputtering time increases, the load–displacement curve shifts gradually and the elastic modulus and hardness of the metallized wood veneers also gradually increase. The loading displacement of magnetron sputtered samples for 15 min (200 °C) is 269.9 nm. The loading displacement decreases by more than 60%, the average elastic modulus increases by 6.7 times, and the average hardness increases by 6.6 times. The transverse grain square resistance on the surface of metallized wood is about 2–3 times the parallel grain square resistance. As the sputtering time increases, the natural fluorescence intensity of the metallized wood surface gradually decreases and the wood surface is completely covered by the copper film.
Vertical limits of resistive memory scaling: The detrimental influence of interface states
Authors: Hazra Preetam , Jinesh K. B.
Published: April 2020

This work elucidates the role of interface states of a metal-oxide-silicon device, the basic structure of CMOS integrated resistive random access memory (ReRAM) devices. By fabricating Au/Al2O3/Si ReRAM devices on silicon substrates oriented along ⟨100⟩ and ⟨111⟩ directions and employing the frequency dependence of capacitance and parallel conductance, we explore the role of interface trap densities (Dit) in the breakdown mechanism of ReRAM devices. In order to quantify the interface states, we measured the parallel conductance of the ReRAM devices as a function of frequency, which gives an accurate picture of the spread of Dit along the bandgap of silicon. Analysis of interface state density before and after the breakdown process reveals that the Si ⟨111⟩ surface is more prone to generate defects than Si ⟨100⟩ surfaces, and its elucidation is done by analyzing the pre-breakdown current behavior of the devices. Finally, the influence of the interface states on the thickness scaling is shown, where the thinner devices are inclined to have an earlier breakdown (Set voltage) due to the strong coupling with interface states.