bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated Tuberculosis and COVID-19 Activities in Karachi and Tuberculosis Case Notifications
Authors: Malik Amyn , Hussain Hamidah , Maniar Rabia , Safdar Nauman , Mohiuddin Amal , Riaz Najam , Pasha Aneeta , Khan Salman , Kazmi Syed , Kazmi Ershad , Khowaja Saira
Published: January 2022

As the COVID-19 pandemic surged, lockdowns led to the cancellation of essential health services. As part of our Zero TB activities in Karachi, we adapted our approach to integrate activities for TB and COVID-19 to decrease the impact on diagnosis and linkage to care for TB treatment. We implemented the following: (1) integrated COVID-19 screening and testing within existing TB program activities, along with the use of an artificial intelligence (AI) software reader on digital chest X-rays; (2) home delivery of medication; (3) use of telehealth and mental health counseling; (4) provision of PPE; (5) burnout monitoring of health workers; and (6) patient safety and disinfectant protocol. We used programmatic data for six districts of Karachi from January 2018 to March 2021 to explore the time trends in case notifications, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and service adaptations in the city. The case notifications in all six districts in Karachi were over 80% of the trend-adjusted expected notifications with three districts having over 90% of the expected case notifications. Overall, Karachi reached 90% of the expected case notifications during the COVID-19 pandemic. The collaborative efforts by the provincial TB program and private sector partners facilitated this reduced loss in case notifications.
Cyberchondria, Fear of COVID-19, and Risk Perception Mediate the Association between Problematic Social Media Use and Intention to Get a COVID-19 Vaccine
Authors: Ahorsu Daniel Kwasi , Lin Chung-Ying , Alimoradi Zainab , Griffiths Mark D. , Chen Hsin-Pao , Broström Anders , Timpka Toomas , Pakpour Amir H.
Published: January 2022

Vaccination is the most effective way to control the COVID-19 pandemic, but vaccination hesitancy threatens this effort worldwide. Consequently, there is a need to understand what influences individuals’ intention to get a COVID-19 vaccine. Restriction of information gathering on societal developments to social media may influence attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination through exposure to disinformation and imbalanced arguments. The present study examined the association between problematic social media use and intention to get the COVID-19 vaccine, taking into account the mediating roles of cyberchondria, fear of COVID-19, and COVID-19 risk perception. In a cross-sectional survey study, a total of 10,843 residents of Qazvin City, Iran completed measures on problematic social media use, fear of COVID-19, cyberchondria, COVID-19 risk perception, and intention to get a COVID-19 vaccine. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that there was no direct association between problematic social media use and intention to get a COVID-19 vaccine. Nonetheless, cyberchondria, fear of COVID-19, and COVID-19 risk perception (each or serially) mediated associations between problematic social media use and intention to get a COVID-19 vaccine. These results add to the understanding of the role of problematic social media use in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, i.e., it is not the quantity of social media use per se that matters. This knowledge of the mediating roles of cyberchondria, fear of COVID-19, and COVID-19 risk perception can be used by public health experts and policymakers when planning educational interventions and other initiatives in COVID-19 vaccination programs.
Presumptive Non-Ischemic Priapism in a Cat
Authors: Lee Jeong-Min , Sung Ah-Won , Lee Han-Joon , Song Joong-Hyun , Song Kun-Ho
Published: January 2022

A 14-year-old neutered male British shorthair cat presented with a 21-day history of persistent erection and dysuria, along with overgrooming of the perineal region. Mild palpation induced pain and rigid corpora cavernosa with flaccid glans were observed during physical examination. Ultrasonography of the penis did not detect significant blood flow in the penile cavernosal artery. The drawing of aspirate blood from cavernosal bodies for gas analysis was impossible because of the anatomically small penis size of cats. Conservative management, including topical steroid ointment, lidocaine gel, gabapentin, and diazepam, was prescribed for supportive management. The clinical signs resolved, and ultrasonographic examination of the penis revealed no abnormalities. The cat remains clinically well without recurrence during the 6 months after treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first report of non-ischemic priapism in a cat.
The use of antibiotics in the treatment of a new coronavirus infection
Authors:   Medical Care Organization Service of the National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Klimov Vladimir Anatolyevich
Published: January 2022

January 9, 2020 WHO announced the discovery of a new type of coronavirus in one of the Chinese provinces, later classified as SARS-CoV-2, which caused the development of COVID-19, and on March 9, 2020, a pandemic of coronavirus infection was announced. The main source of the disease is a sick person, including those in the incubation period. The virus is highly contagious and has an airborne, fecal-oral and contact-household transmission pathway. The disease can occur in the form of mild, moderate and severe forms; with the latter, the development of rapidly progressive lesions of the lower respiratory tract, pneumonia, acute respiratory failure, ARDS, sepsis and septic shock is noted. People over 60 years of age with concomitant pathology (diabetes mellitus, obesity, arterial hypertension) were the most vulnerable to coronavirus infection. As a rule, the viral etiology of the pathological process does not require mandatory and urgent appointment of antibacterial therapy, but very often viral pneumonia is complicated by the addition of bacterial flora. At the present stage, there is no specific criterion that would allow distinguishing between virus-associated lung damage and secondary bacterial pneumonia, and would also determine the need for antibiotic therapy, and therefore it is advisable to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the results of clinical, laboratory and instrumental examinations. An important role in determining the need to start antibiotic therapy with a subsequent assessment of its effectiveness is to determine the level of procalcitonin. Significant diagnostic criteria are also pronounced leukocytosis, a sharp increase in the concentration of C-reactive protein and specific data from computed tomography examination of the lungs. The decision on the appointment of antibacterial therapy for the attachment of secondary bacterial pneumonia should be based on a comprehensive assessment of the results of the examination, and the preventive appointment of antibacterial therapy to prevent the attachment of secondary bacterial microflora in coronavirus infection is not desirable.
The material and technical condition of the outpatient polyclinic in Russian Federation: analysis of the current situation
Authors:   FSBI Central Research Institute for Organization and Informatization of Health Care of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Smyshlyaev Aleksey Viktorovich
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the main indicators of the technical condition of buildings of outpatient medical organizations (units) in the Russian Federation for the period 2012–2019. The number of outpatient medical organizations (units) in emergency condition and requiring demolition tended to decrease from 215 units to 96 for the period from 2012 to 2017 in the Russian Federation. The number of units requiring reconstruction in the Russian Federation declined from 511 to 179 for 2012–2019. The number of units requiring major overhaul in the Russian Federation went down from 4,347 to 2,378 for the period from 2012 to 2018, and in 2019 rose sharply to 4,113. The number of units located in adapted premises increased from 6,723 to 8,126 for 2014–2019 in the Russian Federation. The number of units located in the rented area in the Russian Federation decreased from 1,443 to 1,414 for 2014–2019. The number of units with central water supply went up from 17559 to 19440 for 2012–2019 in the Russian Federation. The number of units with hot water supply in the Russian Federation increased from 13,012 to 15,124 for 2012–2019. The number of units with central heating rose from 16,893 to 17,546 for 2012–2019 in the Russian Federation. The number of units with a central sewer went up from 17,111 to 18,969 in the Russian Federation for 2012–2019. The number of units with telephone communication increased from 17,806 to 19,266 for 2012–2019 in the Russian Federation. The number of units with autonomous power supply rose from 941 to 1,227 in the Russian Federation for 2012–2019. The total number of outpatient medical organizations (units) in the study period increased by 7.9 %. The number of buildings requiring renovation and modernization between 2012 and 2018 tended to decrease. Not all indicators have a positive trend. Health care modernization is not completely structural.
The significance of ferritin as one of the markers of inflammation
Authors:   FSBI National Medical Research Center of Endocrinology, Moscow, Petrukhin Aleksey Borisovich
Published: January 2022

Iron is an extremely important trace element that plays a large role in oxygen transport, DNA synthesis and muscle tissue metabolism. Ferritin is a protein compound inwhich iron is deposited as a reserve for the body; in laboratory diagnostics, it is usually evaluated as a marker of iron content, and the determination of its concentration is used to diagnose iron deficiency conditions. It structurally consists of the protein apoferritin and the ferric atom in the composition of phosphate hydroxide. One ferritin molecule can contain up to 4,000 iron atoms. The ferritin content in blood is measured in nanograms per milliliter. The normal concentration for men is 29–397 ng/ml, and for women, it is 6–159 ng/ml. A decrease in the level of ferritin in the blood is possible in iron deficiency, but an increase in its concentration may indicate not only the development of hemochromatosis, but also, along with C-reactive protein, be a marker of an active inflammatory reaction. An increase in the synthesis of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, ferritin, serum amyloid by hepatocytes occurs under the influence of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-18, IL-1, TNF in severe acute processes, especially in the case of their viral etiology.
Differential diagnosis of tinnitus
Authors:   City Multidisciplinary Clinical Hospital № 64, Moscow, Shlopak Lev Borisovich
Published: January 2022

Tinnitus is a common clinical symptomthat can be debilitating. Risk factors forits development are hearing loss, use of ototoxic drugs, head injury and depression. At the onset of the disease, the likelihood of ear pathology, the presence of anxiety and depression should be considered. There are no effective drug treatments for tinnitus, although a number of scientific studies are ongoing to determine the mechanisms of the development of this condition and to search for possible options for its treatment. When ear pathology is detected, surgical interventions can be effective, but tinnitus associated with this disease persists. Available treatment approaches include hearing aids for diagnosed hearing loss (even mild or unilateral), broadband sound therapy, and counseling. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is indicated for some patients, but availability remains inadequate. The evidence base is most significant for the combination of sound therapy and CBT-based counseling, although clinical trials are complicated by the heterogeneity of the tinnitus patient population.
On the mechanism of nanoparticle coagulation
Authors: Kononov V.A. , Stanishevsky Ya.M. , Timofeev A.A.
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of an in situ study of the final stage of coagulation — the fusion of gold nanoparticles on an amorphous carbon film under the influence of highenergy electrons. It is shown that the nature of the fusion of interacting particles is affected by their orientation ratio at the moment of contact formation.
International Society for Pharmaceutical Engineering guidelines on transfer of analytical methods of quality control for medical preparation
Authors: Razborova M.A.
Published: January 2022

This review contains the recommendations of International Society for Pharmaceutical Engineering for the transfer of analytical methods of quality control for medical preparation. Due to the absence of the Russian documents describing in detail the technology transfer process, pharmaceutical developers and manufacturers should refer to international guidelines. One of the main documents which fully describes the process of pharmaceutical technologies transfer is International Society for Pharmaceutical Engineering guidelines on transfer of technology in pharmaceutical manufacturing. This review contains the recommendations for the transfer of analytical methods only. International Society for Pharmaceutical Engineering also have recommendations for the transfer of medical preparation manufacturing.
Polymorphism control of active pharmaceutical ingredients
Authors: Terekhov Roman Petrovich , Pankov Denis Igorevich , Anfinogenova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna , Selivanova Irina Anatolievna
Published: January 2022

Рolymorphism is receiving increasing attention due to its influence on the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) while maintaining the molecular structure. This review is devoted to the problem of APIs phase state control both at the development stage and during the circulation of the drug. The term «polymorphism» has different definitions depending on the branch of science. There is no unambiguous solution to this issue in the regulatory documentation of pharmaceutical industry either. Based on the analysis of literary sources, the article presents a comparison of pharmacopeia methods, recommended in Russian and foreign regulatory documents for the analysis of polymorphism of medicinal substances, including state pharmacopeias of Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, the USA, and Japan, as well as international pharmacopeias of the European Economic Union and the Eurasian Economic Union. The trend on using a complex of high-tech equipment is revealed. A systematic approach to analysis based on X-ray diffraction, thermal, spectral, microscopic, biological, and physical methods for determining constants makes it possible not only to identify the polymorphic modification of API, but also to characterize its structure, morphology, physicochemical properties and pharmacological activity. In the Russian Federation, the phenomenon of polymorphism is being studied especially intensively, and some control methods, such as biological methods, are validated only in Russian pharmacopeia. A promising direction for further research is the improvement and harmonization of regulatory documentation within the framework of this chemical and technological field of pharmacy. A global approach will help to reduce not only the probability of poor-quality products entering the market, but also the costs of establishing the authenticity of the active pharmaceutical ingredient produced.
Beef productivity of steers of different types of productivity
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of the Refrigeration Industry – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Research Center for Food Systems named after V. M. Gorbatov, Moscow, Russia, Donetskikh A. G. , Grikshas S. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev”, Russia, Moscow, Korenevskaya P. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev”, Russia, Moscow, Gurin A. V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev”, Russia, Moscow
Published: January 2022

The data on the beef productivity of steers of different types productivity have been provided in the article. The slaughter characteristics and beef indicators of steers of Black-and-White, Simmental and Aberdeen-Angus breeds have been studied after the slaughter of animals. The experimental part of the work was carried out in 2016–2020 in the farm of OOO Favorit in the Tula region. When the steers have reached the age of 6 months, groups were formed per 9 heads in each, taking into account the breed affiliation of the steers. From the age of 6 to 15 months, the steers were reared under the same conditions of feeding and housing on a feedlot with the use of feed of their own production. When the steers have reached the age of 15 months, the control slaughter of animals was carried out. The following indicators were determined: the pre-slaughter weight, the weight of the hot carcass and internal fat. Carcasses of steers were evaluated according to the degree of deposition of subcutaneous fat. The left half-carcass of experimental animals after 24-hour cooling in the refrigerator was subjected to deboning and veining to determine the absolute and relative weight of the meat, bones and tendons in it. The research results showed that the highest slaughter yield was obtained from the steers of Aberdeen-Angus breed 65,4 %, which was higher by 8,7 and 5,7 abs.%, respectively, compared with herdmates of Black-and-White and Simmental breeds (P < 0,01). It has been found that the highest yield of the meat part was obtained in the carcasses of Aberdeen-Angus breed 83,2 %, which was higher in comparison with the carcasses of steers of Black-and-White and Simmental breeds, respectively, by 3,1 and 1,6 abs.%.. The highest yield of bone and cartilage was obtained in the carcasses of steers Black-and-White breed 18,4 %, which was higher compared to the carcasses of steers of Aberdeen-Angus and Simmental breeds, respectively, by 2,9 abs.% (P < 0,01) and 1,4 abs.%. Consequently, the best beef productivity steers of Aberdeen-Angus breed have been characterized. It has been established that the type of productivity of steers has a significant impact on their beef productivity.
Comparative analysis of the results of BLUP-evaluation of sires of diffirent countries origin by the conformation of their daughters
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Scientifi c Institution Federal Research Center All-Russian Institute of Animal Husbandry named after Academician L. K. Ernst, Russia, Moscow region, Dubrovitsy, Chindaliev A. E.
Published: January 2022

In breeding work one of the priority areas is the improvement of the genetic potential of animals, the effectiveness of which depends on the accuracy of determination and prediction. The method of constructing, optimizing and solving the equations of mixed models for predicting the breeding value of animals is becoming increasingly important, which is based on the principle of maximizing the relationship between sires evaluations based on the characteristics under consideration (BLUP method). One of the important economic indicators in cattle breeding concerning the increase in productivity and the term of their economic use of animals, is the evaluation of sires by the type of conformation of daughters, based on the calculation of breeding value indices. The researches on monitoring and comparative analysis of changes in the genetic value of breeding bulls by the conformation features of off spring at the population level of Black-and-White cattle in the Moscow region have been presented in the article. Groups were formed in the context of the sires’ origin according to countries. The formation of a database on the indicators of the conformation of first-calf heifers has been carried out on the basis of the analysis of materials from the regional information and breeding center of breeding livestock in the Moscow region Mospleminform. In a comparative aspect, evaluations of the breeding value of sires of Russian origin were taken with sires were born in the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Canada and the USA. The results of the research have shown that the main emphasis of the breeding of bulls of Russian origin was aimed at strengthening the body traits. The data of the comparative analysis of the variability of the genetic value of sires by the type of conformation of daughters carried out according to the BLUP procedure provide an opportunity to monitor and analyze the direction of breeding work when organizing the selection of parental pairs.
Evaluation of the growth and development of pigs of different breeds during the periods of rearing and fattening
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev”, Russia, Moscow, Zhuravleva A. S. , Prokhorov I. P. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev”, Russia, Moscow, Ovchinnikov A. V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev”, Russia, Moscow
Published: January 2022

The main purpose of pig farming is not only to increase the pork productivity of animals, but also to minimize labour expenditures, funds and time for pork production. The study of the lifetime and post-slaughter indicators of animals is a promising task studied in pig breeding, because a lot depends on how the animals will grow, how they will eat. For example, removable live weight by the end of fattening, quantitative and qualitative indicators after slaughter. Therefore, the assessment of the growth and development of young animals is relevant and has practical significance. The purpose of the research was the comparative evaluation of the growth and development of young pigs of different breeds such as Large White, Landrace and Duroc during the period of rearing and fattening under the conditions of the Oktyabrskoye pig complex owned by the Miratorg-Kursk Agricultural Complex. It has been revealed that by all weight indicators, Large White breed was superior to the rest of the studied breeds. At the end of fattening at the age of 196 days the highest live weight 113,4 kg was in pigs of Large White breed. Pigs of Landrace and Duroc breeds gained less live weight 98,6 and 95,8 kg, respectively. The average daily gain in live weight for the entire technological cycle was in the range from 338,1 to 880,9 g. At the same time, the highest rates were in animals aged from 119 to 196 days. The best average daily gain over the entire period of rearing was characterized by the young pigs of Large White breed 613,1 g, and pigs of Landrace and Duroc breeds had 526,2 and 514,8 g, respectively. The absolute gain in live weight was the highest in pigs of Large White breed, and in Landrace and Duroc pigs it was about the same. The difference between pigs of Large White breed and Landrace was 15,2 kg, and between Large White and Duroc it was 17,2 kg. Relative gains in live weight were high at the very beginning of rearing, and then they began to gradually decrease, because adult animals during the fattening period grow and develop more slowly than young ones.
The content of amino acids in worker bees against the background of stimulating additives
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev”, Russia, Moscow, Khudayberdiev A. A.
Published: January 2022

Stimulating additives with protein fillers in the beekeeping where use frames can become an effective biological and technological lever not only in increasing the productivity of bee colonies, but also in the cultivation of complete off spring in subsequent generations of bees. The purpose of the research was to study the amino acid content of working individuals in bee families against the background of stimulating additives in combination with cobalt sulfate and a mixture of “Nanny 2 with prebiotics”. The experiment has been carried out in the educational and experimental apiary of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev and the Association of beekeepers in the Samarkand region. The object of the research was the bee families of Carpathian breed, which were kept in 16-frame beehives, beds on frames measuring 435×300 mm. It has been found as the result of the research that in order to ensure the secretory function of the pharyngeal glands in the hemolymph of 9-day-old worker bees, which are nurse bees, the level of lysine should be 2,37–2,79 times higher compared to overwintered workers bees, histidine – 2,47–2,85 times, glycine – 2,32–2,46 times, aspartic amino acid – 1,81–1,94 times. The most intensive increase in the level of essential and interchangeable amino acids occured in the hemolymph of working individuals of the spring generation, compared with overwintered bees of the autumn generation. This happened against the background of stimulating additives with honey soap, containing the milk mixture “Nanny 2 with prebiotic” or with cobalt sulfate.
Dynamics of indicators of energy security and power supply capacity of agricultural organizations in Belarus
Authors:   Institute of System Research in Agro-industrial Complex of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Republic of Belarus, Minsk A. A. Efremov Belarusian State Agrarian Technical University, Belarus, Minsk, Kovalyev I. L. , Efremov A. A. ,   Belarusian State Agrarian Technical University, Belarus, Minsk, Kostomakhin M. N. ,   Federal Research Center Agro Engineering All Russian Institute of Mechanization, Russia, Moscow
Published: January 2022

One of the most important indicators that are used in the characterization and analysis of the processes of intensification of agriculture are indicators of the availability of agricultural enterprises with energy resources such as energy security and power supply capacity. The purpose of the work was to analyze the dynamics of indicators of energy security and power supply capacity of agricultural organizations in the Republic of Belarus. A number of important points and indicators characterizing the current state and potential of Belarusian agricultural production has been considered in the article. It has been established that over the past decade in agricultural organizations of the Republic there has been a decrease in the indicator of energy security by 15 %, and the power supply capacity of labour has increased more than 1,4 times during this time. On the overall efficiency of agricultural and livestock production, on the level of labour productivity in agricultural organizations, indicators of power supply capacity have a very significant and very often decisive impact. Under the conditions of the steady decline in the number of people employed in the agro-industrial complex, the increase in the volume of cultivated areas and, in general, with the increase in the physical volumes of products produced in crop production and animal husbandry, the role of energy-saturated machines, machinery, equipment and their rational use is repeatedly increasing. The requirements for productivity, functionality, efficiency, reliability of agricultural machinery, machines and aggregates are seriously increasing. Only the comprehensive and systematic technical and technological re-equipment of agricultural production, its saturation with high-tech, high-performance agricultural machines, complexes and equipment will be able to ensure the significant increase in labour productivity, minimize the expenditures of all types of material, fuel and energy resources and, as the result, maximize the fulfillment of tasks to preserve the country’s food security.
Global trends and problems of digital transformation in the global aviation services market
Authors:   World Economy and In-ternational Economic relations Department, Deputy Head of the Department, State University of Management, Russia, Moscow, Smirnov Evgenii Nikolayevich , Baikov Fedor Yuryevich ,   BEL Development LLC, Russia, Moscow
Published: January 2022

In the article, based on an assessment of the evolution, dynamics and modern trends in the development of world aviation, it was substantiated that at the present stage, aviation is one of the most globalized industries, continuing its geographical expansion, withstanding world crises and demonstrating longterm growth and sustainability. The main trends in the modernization of the aviation industry are revealed and the mechanisms of the impact of digitalization on the consumption patterns in the modern world market of aviation services in the context of demographic and technological shifts are assessed. The possibilities of introducing new models of service delivery in the context of digitalization of world aviation have been identified. The main global trends have been formulated that will determine the development of the world aviation services market in the context of its digitalization in the future, in particular: the development of customer focus; accelerated implementation of advanced data analytics; increasing pressure on airlines in the context of increasing environmental sustainability; complication of distribution systems in the context of increased competition with international companies — technology giants; modification of international airline networks; growth of cross-border partnerships and strategic alliances in the industry. We have found that the most important area of modernization of the industry will be the challenges of the development of intermodal and multimodal air transport communications, as well as the optimization of air traffic management at the international level. Finally, the authors believe that regulatory differentiation and heterogeneity in different countries remains a key barrier to digital transformation in the global aviation services market, and besides, national legislation is not yet able to timely adapt to the rapid changes taking place in the market.
FEATURES OF MEASURING THE DEPTH OF SURFACE CRACKS BY THE ELECTROPOTENTIAL METHOD ON AN ALTERNATING CURRENT IN NON-MAGNETIC OBJECTS
Authors: SHKATOV P.N. , KUZUB I.G. , ERMOLAEV A.A.
Published: January 2022

The paper presents the results of the study of electropotential signals when measuring surface cracks on alternating current in magnetic and non-magnetic objects. Electropotential signals in the frequency range in the form of hodographs of the initial and fractured stress complexes, as well as in the form of calibration characteristics. Problems of measurement features in non-ferromagnetic objects. The analysis of the influence of specific electrical conductivity and current frequency when measuring the depth of cracks in non-ferromagnetic objects
ESTIMATION OF DAMAGE FROM THERMAL AGING OF INSULATION IN SINGLE-PHASE EARTH FAULTS
Authors: RYZHKOVA Ye.N. , MLADZIEVSKIY E.P.
Published: January 2022

A method is proposed for calculating the component of the total damage from single-pole short-circuits associated with intense thermal aging of the network insulation from the flow of higher harmonic currents. Losses caused by reduced service life of equipment insulation are directly related to the neutral condition of the network. Based on the theory of reliability, it is shown that the optimal solution from the point of view of suppressing higher harmonics and improving the operating conditions of insulation is the high-resistance resistive grounding mode. The developed methodology can be used both at the design stage when deciding on the neutral mode, and when analyzing the efficiency indicators of operating networks.
MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL JOURNAL BEARING: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY RESULTS
Authors: FETISOV A.S.
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of experimental studies of the effect of current power on an electromagnetic actuator of a magnetorheological journal bearing on the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the rotor system. The description of the experimental stand is presented. The description of the information-measuring system is presented.
CLOSED MICROGAS TURBINE ENGINES WITH OXIDIZER-AIR IN UNDERWATER POWER PLANTS
Authors: MATVIIENKO V.T. , DOLOGLONYAN A.V. , OCHERETYANY V.A.
Published: January 2022

Under the conditions of the Arctic, in the development of deposits on the shelf of the seas and oceans, a significant role is assigned to underwater equipment, which must have both sufficient power supply and the ability to work for a long time in isolation from the places of permanent deployment. Among the various types of power plants for these purposes, closed micro-gas turbine plants (CMGTP) with a high specific power are of interest. The paper analyzes the characteristics of the operating cycles of various CMGTP schemes, and CMGTP with heat recovery was chosen as the base one, as it is more economical compared to a simple cycle CMGTP and capable of operating in a single-circuit scheme on organic fuel using air as an oxidizer. A mixture of nitrogen, fuel combustion products and oxygen are used as a working medium of the engine. The surplus working medium is removed from the cycle by the compressor overboard. A further increase in the efficiency of a simple cycle by deep utilization of the heat of exhaust gases in a turbocompressor utilizer (TCU) consisting of an overexpansion turbine driving a booster compressor and a regenerator with a gas cooler located between them is proposed. It has been established that the efficiency of CMGTP with TCU and heat regeneration is 1.15... 1.25 times higher than that of the base CMGTP with regeneration, and the specific power increases 1.3... 1.5 times with the optimal compressor pressure ratio in the engine.
RESEARCH OF THE OPERATION OF MAGNETIC BRAKE ROLLERS OF GRAVITY ROLLER CONVEYORS
Authors: SHARIFULLIN I.A. , NOSKO A.L. , SAFRONOV E.V. , KIRILLOV D.V.
Published: January 2022

One of the main elements of safe operation of gravity conveyors used in gravity racks for pallets is the brake roller. The most promising design is a brake roller of magnetic (eddy current) type. A mathematical model of the process of moving pallets on a magnetic brake roller is developed. The equation of the speed of movement of the pallets on the brake magnetic roller obtained. The main parameter that determines the braking functions of the brake magnetic roller, and therefore the speed of movement of the pallet on the gravity roller conveyor is the coefficient of magnetic viscosity. A comparative experimental evaluation of the magnetic viscosity coefficient of eddy-current brakes of two designs - disk and centrifugal - has been carried out. It has been established that the coefficient of magnetic viscosity for both designs of brakes decreases with an increase in the air gap between the conductive body and the magnets when the magnets are placed on one and on both sides of the conductive body, and this dependence is exponential; for a disc brake, when magnets are placed on both sides of a conductive body, 2.5-3 times more than with a magnet located on one side of the disc; for a centrifugal brake when magnets are placed on both sides of a conducting body, 4-4.5 times less compared to a conducting body in the form of a disc with magnets on both sides and 1.5-2 times less than a conducting body in the form of a disc with a magnet one side.
INFLUENCE OF NITRIDING ON SEIZURE RESISTANCE OF STRUCTURAL STEELS DURING CONTACT INTERACTION
Authors: KUKSENOVA L.I. , PAKHOMOVA S.A. , ALEKSEEVA M.S. , KOZLOV D.A.
Published: January 2022

We investigated pairs of reverse sliding friction and pairs that simulate the operating conditions of gear wheels in linear contact with sliding of roller samples. The intensity of wear (Ih), the coefficient of friction (f), the maximum permissible load (Pd), which determines the bearing capacity of the contact, and the critical pressure (Pcr), at which seizure are formed, were evaluated. It is shown that at a sliding speed of 0.19 m / s for a pair with a nitrided layer Pd = 40 MPa, Pcr ≥ 40 MPa, Ih = 0.8.10-9, f = 0.10; cemented - Pd = 20 MPa, Pcr = 25 MPa, Ih = 1.4.10-9, f = 0.13. Anti-seize resistance for pairs with a nitrided sample is 25-30% higher. An experimental assessment of the bearing capacity of the interface, the critical load at which scuffs are formed, showed a higher efficiency of nitriding in comparison with carburizing. The provisions on the structure of the nitrided layer are formulated, providing an increase in the performance of the friction pair: the formation of a surface layer above the diffusion zone, consisting of the ɛ-phase (Fe2-3N) in the nanocrystalline state. A thermodynamic hypothesis of the effect of nitriding on the seizure resistance of steel friction surfaces is formulated.
EVALUATION OF PRODUCT STRUCTURE TRANSFORMATION WHILE MACHINING
Authors: NEMENKO A.V. , NIKITIN M.M.
Published: January 2022

The paper proposes a method for evaluation of the structural and mechanical characteristics of the product material during machining. A process is considered in which the indicators of interest cannot be accurately determined without destroying the part, but with a certain degree of reliability can be established by indirect parameters. There is (in particular, according to the results of destructive tests) a connection between the known indirect and unknown (hidden) sought parameters, and in the most general form this connection is of an indeterminate nature. The known parameter is assumed to be continuous, the quantitative characteristic of the considered connection is the distribution function of the probability that the hidden parameter will accept a given value with a known value of the measurable parameter. In this formulation of the problem, the structural and mechanical reorganization of the material of the part during processing can be described by a Markov random walk between absorbing levels, which corresponds to the acquisition of the required properties by the part and their irreparable distortion. For a direct assessment of the hidden characteristics of the process by its known manifestations, a hidden Markov model of the considered structural and mechanical reorganization is proposed, using a continuous phase space of states. On its basis, formulas were obtained for the probabilities of favorable and unfavorable outcomes of processing, which make it possible to introduce a control action into the process at its early stages in order to increase the proportion of the yield of suitable products.
ALGORITHM FOR DESIGNING THE ELASTIC OBJECT OPTIMAL MOTION
Authors: BOKHONSKY A.I. , VARMINSKAYA N.I. , MOZOLEVSKAYA T.V. , RYZHKOV A.I.
Published: January 2022

An algorithm for constructing an optimal control of the "acceleration-deceleration" type by the translational motion of an elastic object from the initial state of quiescence to the final state of absolute quiescence is considered. The time of motion is found as one of the common roots of the moment relations of an elastic system in relative motion (transcendental equations). The statement (theorem) about the existence of the minimum energy consumption (limit) of control to achieve the goal of motion has been substantiated. Taking into account the linear-viscous resistance, the achievement of absolute quiescence at the end of the motion is possible, for example, by selecting the initial conditions in the relative motion.
ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE IN THE ORGANIZATION CONVENTIONAL HEAT SUPPLY
Authors: BURKOV D.V. , BURKOVA E.V.
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the impact of boiler houses of the Balaklava region of Sevastopol on the environment. A method for assessing the level of environmental safety in heat supply of housing and communal services is proposed.
A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO THE DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF A MOBILE BAROVACUUM CHAMBER FOR THE STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS
Authors: GAYNULLINA Ya.N. , KALININ M.I. , POLIVTSEV V.P. , PASHKOV E.V.
Published: January 2022

The paper considers practical methods for solving a number of specific problems in the design, manufacture and complex testing of a mobile barovaccum chamber, made with the possibility of visual observation and hardware monitoring of long-term experimental studies of laboratory plants and biological objects.
MAINTAINING OSCILLATION FREQUENCIES OF BEAM WITH BASE BY CHANGING TORSION SPRING STIFFNESS ITS HINGE SUPPORTS
Authors: SAFINA G.F.
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of solving the straight and reverse problems of bending vibrations of the beam on an elastic base taking into account hinge supports with torsion springs. Algorithm for solving inverse problem of identification of stiffness coefficients of beam edge supports by known values of two natural frequencies of its oscillations was investigated and found. Analytical formulas for solution of boundary problem showing duality of identification of required stiffness parameters of hinge supports are obtained. Application of technologies for selection of appropriate stiffness parameters to the problem of preservation of safe frequencies of beam oscillations is shown. Numerical calculations are given.
SPEAR BODY FALL
Authors: POPOV I.P.
Published: January 2022

The problem of the speed, time and acceleration of a body falling on the planets surface in the absence of an atmosphere is reduced to solving a second–order differential equation, which is solved by the standard method. A feature of the solution is the formal use of the tabular integral at an intermediate stage. It turned out, however, that his formula is unreliable, namely, the derivative of the right–hand side is not equal to the integrand. It follows from this that the possible existing solutions to this problem, based on the use of the indicated tabular integral, are incorrect. The article presents the correction of this tabular integral, which is an incidental result of the study. In this work, the time equation of motion of a body normally falling on the surface of the planet in the absence of an atmosphere, as well as the time equations of its speed and acceleration are obtained. The results obtained can be useful in calculating the fall of spent structural elements of spacecraft.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE DESIGN SEQUENCE COMBINED SUPPORTS WITH VARIABLE CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: BONDARENKO M.E. , SYTIN A.V. , TOKMAKOV N.V. , RODICHEVA I.V.
Published: January 2022

The paper briefly describes the current state of distributed energy systems, which acts as a leading supplier of electric and thermal energy to small cities, towns and villages, industrial enterprises, livestock farms, etc. The main working unit of this type of systems is low–power microturbine installations. For these types of installations, the most critical and critical part is the rotor–bearing assembly. The article discusses a dynamic two–mass model of a rotor–bearing assembly including a rotor and a thrust paddle bearing. The masses of the rotor and elastic elements are taken into account in the model, and the simulation results are given for harmonic and pulse excitation.
COMBINED DEVICE FOR ELECTRIC CLEANING OF GAS–AIR MEDIA
Authors: KOVALEV V.D. , RADCHENKO S.YU. , GERASIMOV V.P. , PANKOV V.P.
Published: January 2022

The article discusses some methods and devices for cleaning gas–air media from inorganic and organic (bacteria, viruses) contaminants. The possibilities of the method of electric cleaning are evaluated, a new combined air purification device is considered, which allows guaranteed to destroy up to 99% of viruses and bacteria, as well as other mechanical contaminants, which is especially important for medical and other premises with special requirements of the guidance documents on air purity, as well as in the light of the fight against a new coronavirus infection.
DEVELOPMENT OF ELEMENTS OF AN AUTOMATED DESIGN SYSTEM FOR THE MAIN MOVEMENT DRIVES OF METAL–CUTTING MACHINES WITH THE FORMATION OF TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION IN COMPASS–3D
Authors: LEVY D.V. , LAKALINA N.Y.
Published: January 2022

The aim of the work was to develop elements of an automated design system for the main movement drives of metal–cutting machines. As automated subsystems, design modules for belt drives, couplings, gearboxes, spindle assemblies and a module for selecting an electric motor to drive the main movement of metal–cutting machines have been developed. Also, for all the developed modules, automated generation of design documentation in the Compass–3D system is provided, namely, parameterized 3D models and associative drawings of the elements of the main movement drives of metal–cutting machines. The developed automated design system will allow you to quickly calculate the elements of the main movement drives and will allow you to visualize the work by building 3D models of the elements that make up the drives, as well as quickly recalculate their parameters when the source data changes. Also, the elements of the developed automated design system can be used both in specialized educational institutions for the purpose of working out and visualizing the knowledge and skills acquired by students, and in machine–building enterprises for the purpose of approximate evaluation of design options at the stage of preliminary design of equipment. Users of the program can be students or employees of enterprises with a basic level of training in the technical direction.
HOT ROLLING OF INGOTS HAVING A PRISM FORM WITH A BASE IN THE FORM OF AN EQUAL KEYSTONE AS A PROCESS WITH COMPLEX LOCAL LOADING OF THE DEFORMATION SOCIETY
Authors: GOLENKOV V.A. , RADCHENKO S.Yu. , DOROKHOV D.O.
Published: January 2022

The classification of the processes of complex local loading of the deformation focus is considered. A description is given of the method of technological action on the deformation focus in order to create the most favorable scheme of operating stresses in it, a specific example of the technology under consideration is presented in the form of hot rolling of ingots with a vertical (normal to the axes of the rollers) axial section of alloys 29НК–ВИ and МНМц 38–2B.
COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO IMPLEMENTATION MECHATRONIC SAFETY SYSTEM
Authors: GORIN A.V. , PROSEKOVA A.V. , USIKOVA I.G. , ROMANOV V.V.
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the application of an integrated approach to the use of mechatronic security systems in the event of emergencies. A brief analysis of the available security systems is presented. Shown is a schematic diagram of a mechatronic security system in an emergency mode. The algorithm of operation of the mechatronic safety system, which includes a module with intelligent control, is considered. The structural and functional diagram of the security and fire system is presented, which makes it possible to qualitatively implement an emergency response system directly at any facility. Recommendations for the design of a security system based on the developed functional model are given.