bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proteinuria may be an indicator of adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with preeclampsia: a retrospective study
Authors: Lei Tingting , Qiu Ting , Liao Wanyu , Li Kangjie , Lai Xinyue , Huang Hongbo , Yuan Rui , Chen Ling
Published: May 2021

Background

Proteinuria is one of the common manifestations of patients with preeclampsia (PE), but whether the severity of proteinuria is related to the pregnancy outcome of patients with preeclampsia remains controversial. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between 24-h proteinuria and adverse outcomes in patients with preeclampsia.

Methods

The present retrospective study included 329 pregnant women in Chongqing, China. Patients were divided into PE group and non-PE group. PE group was stratified into three subgroups based on the level of 24-h proteinuria. Correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between biochemical indexes and adverse pregnancy outcome, and Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcome. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the ability of 24-h urinary protein to distinguish the adverse pregnancy outcome in patients with preeclampsia.

Results

(1)Between PE and non-PE group, cesarean section rate in PE group was significantly higher than that in non-PE group (84.4% vs. 25.9%,p <  0.001). Laboratory findings such as uric acid and creatinine level in PE group were higher than those in non-PE group.(2)Among mild (proteinuria < 0.3 g/24 h), moderate (0.3 g/24 h ≦ proteinuria < 2 g/24 h) and massive (proteinuria ≧ 2 g/24 h) groups, the frequencies of induced labor (p = 0.006) and stillbirth (p = 0.002) increased with the increase of 24-h proteinuria.(3)Adverse outcomes were positively correlated with 24-h proteinuria (adverse maternal outcomes:r = 0.239,p = 0.002; adverse fetal outcomes:r = 0.336,p <  0.001).(4)The best 24-h proteinuria cutoff values to determine stillbirth, premature and fetal distress were 3965.0 mg/24 h, 984.75 mg/24 h and 1503.85 mg/24 h and their odds ratio (95% confidence interval) were 12.46 (3.46–44.88), 2.48 (1.15–5.37) and 10.02 (2.14–46.80), respectively.

Conclusions

The severity of 24-h proteinuia may forecast adverse outcomes in women with preeclampsia. We suggest proteinuria should be retained as one of the monitoring indexes in patients with preeclampsia.

Trial registration

Retrospectively registered. (LTMCMTS202001).
Role of lysosomes in physiological activities, diseases, and therapy
Authors: Zhang Ziqi , Yue Pengfei , Lu Tianqi , Wang Yang , Wei Yuquan , Wei Xiawei
Published: May 2021

Long known as digestive organelles, lysosomes have now emerged as multifaceted centers responsible for degradation, nutrient sensing, and immunity. Growing evidence also implicates role of lysosome-related mechanisms in pathologic process. In this review, we discuss physiological function of lysosomes and, more importantly, how the homeostasis of lysosomes is disrupted in several diseases, including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, pancreatitis, lysosomal storage disorders, and malignant tumors. In atherosclerosis and Gaucher disease, dysfunction of lysosomes changes cytokine secretion from macrophages, partially through inflammasome activation. In neurodegenerative diseases, defect autophagy facilitates accumulation of toxic protein and dysfunctional organelles leading to neuron death. Lysosomal dysfunction has been demonstrated in pathology of pancreatitis. Abnormal autophagy activation or inhibition has been revealed in autoimmune disorders. In tumor microenvironment, malignant phenotypes, including tumorigenesis, growth regulation, invasion, drug resistance, and radiotherapy resistance, of tumor cells and behaviors of tumor-associated macrophages, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, and T cells are also mediated by lysosomes. Based on these findings, a series of therapeutic methods targeting lysosomal proteins and processes have been developed from bench to bedside. In a word, present researches corroborate lysosomes to be pivotal organelles for understanding pathology of atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, pancreatitis, and lysosomal storage disorders, and malignant tumors and developing novel therapeutic strategies.
Knowledge and perceptions of cardiopulmonary resuscitation amongst New Zealand podiatrists: a web‐based survey
Authors: Brenton‐Rule Angela , Harvey Daniel , Moran Kevin , O'Brien Daniel , Webber Jonathon
Published: May 2021

Background

Podiatrists in New Zealand have a duty of care to assist patients in an emergency, and current cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) certification is a requirement for registration. However, it is unknown how competent and confident podiatrists are in administering CPR and how they would respond in an emergency. Having a health professional who has a competent knowledge of CPR and skills in basic life support, can improve survival rates from sudden cardiac arrest. Therefore, the aim of this study was to survey New Zealand podiatrists to determine their CPR knowledge and qualifications; beliefs about the application of CPR; and perceptions of their competency in CPR.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study used a web‐based survey. Participants were New Zealand registered podiatrists with a current annual practising certificate. The 31‐item survey included questions to elicit demographic information, CPR practice and attitudes, and CPR knowledge. Responses were collected between March and August 2020.

Results

171 podiatrists responded to the survey. 16 % of the podiatrists (n = 28) had performed CPR in an emergency, with a 50 % success rate. Participants were predominantly female (n = 127, 74 %) and working in private practice (n = 140,82 %). Nearly half of respondents were younger than 40 years (n = 75,44 %) and had less than 10 years of clinical experience (n = 73, 43 %). Nearly all (n = 169,97 %) participants had received formal CPR training in the past two years, with 60 % (n = 105) receiving training in the past 12 months. Most respondents (n = 167,98 %) self‐estimated their CPR ability as being effective, very effective, or extremely effective. Participants' knowledge of CPR was variable, with the percentage of correct answers for CPR protocol statements ranging between 20 and 90 %.

Conclusions

This study provides the first insight into New Zealand podiatrists' CPR knowledge and perceptions. Podiatrists were found to have high levels of CPR confidence but demonstrated gaps in CPR knowledge. Currently, New Zealand registered podiatrists require biennial CPR re‐certification. However, resuscitation authorities in New Zealand and overseas recommend an annual update of CPR skills. Based on this study's findings, and in line with Australia and the United Kingdom, the authors recommend a change from biennial to annual CPR re‐certification for podiatrists in New Zealand.

Trial registration

The study was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12620001144909).
Elevated sweat chloride test: is it always cystic fibrosis?
Authors: Cimbalo C. , Tosco A. , Terlizzi V. , Sepe A. , Castaldo A. , Salvadori L. , Raia V.
Published: May 2021

Background

The sweat chloride test (ST) is the gold standard for cystic fibrosis (CF) diagnosis in symptomatic patients, within the newborn screening and in the follow-up of CF patients during molecular therapies. However, false positives have been reported in patients with different diseases. We describe and discuss 4 cases due to different clinical conditions in which we recorded false positive ST, and the test remained altered for a period of varying length.

Cases presentation

Case 1: Eight months old female child suffering from constipation, recurrent vomiting and failure to thrive, family history of recurrent pancreatitis without mutations in thePRSS1andSPINK1genes. Both ST and fecal elastase were altered although noCFTRgene mutations were found. Due to rapid clinical deterioration, celiac disease was suspected and diagnosed by laboratory tests and intestinal biopsy. After 2 weeks of gluten-free diet ST and fecal elastase normalized.

Case 2: 14 months old male suffering from bilateral renal dysplasia, episodes of metabolic alkalosis, recurrent respiratory infections and recurrent vomiting. The child had more ST positives, but noCFTRmutations were found. During follow-up, he developed sensorineural hearing loss and an atrial septic defect was found. Finally, a diagnosis of Klinefelter was made, but the ST normalized several years later.

Case 3 and 4: Two boys with stubborn constipation and fecal occlusion treated with Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) with salts showed pathological ST. The test returned normal a few days after stopping treatment.

Conclusions

We hypotesized the possible causes of ST alteration in these conditions: in celiac disease it could be due to a transient dysregulation of the aquaporins, rapidly reversed by the diet; in Klinefelter, it may be due to stable pubertal hypoandrogenism; while, the PEG formulation itself contains salts that can temporarily alter ST.
Upregulated anti-angiogenic miR-424-5p in type 1 diabetes (model of subclinical cardiovascular disease) correlates with endothelial progenitor cells, CXCR1/2 and other parameters of vascular health
Authors: Tamara Alice , Coulson David J. , Latief Jevi Septyani , Bakhashab Sherin , Weaver Jolanta U.
Published: May 2021

Background

In spite of clinical progress, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the predominant cause of mortality worldwide. Overexpression studies in animals have proven miR-424-5p to have anti-angiogenic properties. As type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) without CVD displays endothelial dysfunction and reduced circulating endothelial progenitor cells (cEPCs), it offers a model of subclinical CVD. Therefore, we explored miR-424-5p, cytokines and vascular health in T1DM.

Methods

Twenty-nine well-controlled T1DM patients with no CVD and 20-matched controls were studied. Cytokines IL8, TNF-α, IL7, VEGF-C, cEPCs/CD45dimCD34+CD133+ cells and ex-vivo proangiogenic cells (PACs)/fibronectin adhesion assay (FAA) were measured. MiR-424-5p in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) along with mRNAs in PBMC was evaluated.

Results

We found an elevation of IL7 (p = 0.008), IL8 (p = 0.003), TNF-α (p = 0.041), VEGF-C (p = 0.013), upregulation of mRNA CXCR1 (p = 0.009), CXCR2 (p < 0.001) and reduction of cEPCs (p < 0.001), PACs (p < 0.001) and FAA (p = 0.017) in T1DM. MiR-424-5p was upregulated in T1DM in PBMC (p < 0.001). MiR-424-5p was negatively correlated with cEPCs (p = 0.006), PACs (p = 0.005) and FAA (p < 0.001) and positively with HbA1c (p < 0.001), IL7 (p = 0.008), IL8 (p = 0.017), VEGF-C (p = 0.007), CXCR1 (p = 0.02) and CXCR2 (p = 0.001). ROC curve analyses showed (1) miR-424-5p to be a biomarker for T1DM (p < 0.001) and (2) significant upregulation of miR-424-5p, defining subclinical CVD, occurred at HbA1c of 46.5 mmol/mol (p = 0.002).

Conclusion

We validated animal research on anti-angiogenic properties of miR-424-5p in T1DM. MiR-424-5p may be a biomarker for onset of subclinical CVD at HbA1c of 46.5 mmol/mol (pre-diabetes). Thus, miR-424-5p has potential use for CVD monitoring whilst anti-miR-424-5p-based therapies may be used to reduce CVD morbidity/mortality in T1DM.
Nutritional, antioxidant, angiotensin-converting-enzyme and carbohydrate-hydrolyzing-enzyme inhibitory activities of underutilized leafy vegetable: African wild lettuce (Lactuca taraxacifolia Willd)
Authors: Ijarotimi Oluwole Steve , Adesanya Ibiyinka Helen , Oluwajuyitan Timilehin David
Published: May 2021

Background

African wild lettuce (Lactuca taraxacifolia Willd.) is an underutilised indigenous leafy vegetable containing essential nutrients and medicinal properties. Hence, this study aimed to determine the chemical composition, antioxidant activities, α-amylase, α-glucosidase and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory potentials of wild lettuce leaves powder samples.

Methods

Freshly harvested Wild Lettuce leaves were processed into whole leafy powder (WLF), extracted powder (WLE), residue (WLR) and leaf protein isolate (WPI). Chemical composition, antioxidant activities, α-amylase, α-glucosidase and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory potentials of the powder samples were determined.

Results

Crude protein of Wild Lettuce leaves ranged from 23.27 to 46.57 and crude fiber from 4.17–37.37 g/100 g. Phosphorous was the most abundant element, while zinc had the lowest concentration. The samples essential amino acids, protein efficiency ratio, essential amino acid index and biological values were 39.83–50.65 mg/100 g protein. 2.79–3.51, 77.03–92.36% and 72.26–88.97%, respectively. Saponin, tannin, oxalate, phytate, terpennoids, flavonoid and phenol in the leafy vegetable samples were within tolerable levels. The African wild lettuce leaf protein isolate (WPI) had higher DPPH antioxidant activity (91.88%), percentage inhibitory properties on α-amylase (26.11%), α-glucosidase (64.24%) and angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (97.53%) than WLF (18.28, 25.44, 55.41 and 67.56), WLE (70.85, 24.97, 62.53 and 93.27) and WLR (53.07, 24.68, 50.03 and 85.28) respectively.

Conclusion

African wild lettuce leaf samples, particularly protein isolate, contain essential nutrients, antioxidant activities and ability to inhibit angiotensin-1-converting, α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes Therefore, the leafy vegetable samples, particularly WPI, may be suitable as antioxidant, antidiabetic and antihypertensive agent.
The attitudes of healthy children and researchers towards the challenges of involving children in research: an exploratory study
Authors: Postma Laura , Luchtenberg Malou L. , Verhagen A. A. Eduard , Maeckelberghe Els L. M.
Published: May 2021

Background

A growing trend in research is to involve co-researchers. It is referred to as Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) and comprises three groups: the patients, the public, and the researchers. Like in adult public involvement, healthy children can also be considered as ‘the public’. Paediatric patients and researchers experienced in conducting child-inclusive research are often asked about their attitudes towards the challenges they encounter. This is not the case for healthy children and researchers without such experience. Our aim was to investigate the attitudes of these children and researchers towards the challenges encountered during child-inclusive research.

Methods

This was an exploratory study. We interviewed healthy children and adult researchers without prior experience in child-inclusive research. We recruited the children through a foundation for young researchers and the adult researchers from two hospitals, both in Groningen, the Netherlands. We audio recorded the interviews, and they were transcribed verbatim. We analysed the data using qualitative content analysis.

Results

We interviewed five adult researchers and seven healthy children, aged 9 to 14 years. Both groups thought that it was best to involve children in paediatric research from as early a stage as possible. The children assumed that no prior training would be needed because they had already been trained at school. The researchers’ attitudes varied regarding training children beforehand. Both groups thought that researchers did not need prior training on how to involve children if they worked with children on a daily basis. The children felt that recognition and a modest financial reward was appropriate. Adult researchers were cautious about rewarding the children. They feared it might render the children less intrinsically motivated.

Conclusion

Our study indicated that young and adult researchers have clear attitudes towards the challenges encountered during child-inclusive research. Young researchers could help adult researchers to find solutions to these challenges, even if they have no prior experience in child-inclusive research. Adult researchers who acknowledge the importance of child-inclusive research represent a significant step towards meaningful involvement of children. Our results imply that children could be involved in the decision-making process concerning the challenges encountered in child-inclusive research.
Effects of oils, lotions, hand sanitizers, and mehendi on fingerprints captured through digital fingerprint scanner
Authors: Kumari Vinita , Thakar Mukesh Kumar , Mondal Biswajit , Pal Surender Kumar
Published: May 2021

Background

In this modern era, advancement in technology is seen in every aspect of our life making it comparatively much easier. Likewise, in the field of fingerprinting, the digital scanners have replaced conventional methods of taking fingerprints, as it is accurate and less time-consuming. In daily life, people often apply oils, lotions, hand sanitizers, and occasionally mehendi on their hands. These cosmetic and daily use products affect the digital recording of fingerprints, thus making it difficult for forensic experts to identify the real offender in many cases. The purpose of the study was to check the effect of oils, lotions, hand sanitizers, and mehendi on the fingerprint pattern.

Results

The present study was undertaken by taking 2700 fingerprints from 30 individuals. These fingerprints were recorded with the help of the SecuGen Hamster IV fingerprint scanner under controlled environmental conditions. The examination and comparison of fingerprint patterns were done on the basis of visibility (clarity and intensity). The presence of cosmetic and daily use products affected the visibility of digitally captured fingerprints. Different products caused different effects based on their properties. Synthetic mehendi, alcohol-based hand sanitizer, greasy lotion, and viscous oil caused significant differences in the fingerprint images by degrading the fingerprint quality. The non-greasy lotion and non-alcohol-based hand sanitizer showed less effect, whereas non-viscous oil and natural mehendi caused a minimal effect on the quality of fingerprint images.

Conclusion

The application of cosmetic and daily use products added an additional layer on the fingers which is not present naturally. The additional layer caused alterations in the fingerprint pattern of an individual. So, digital fingerprints should be collected after proper washing of hands.
Recent Research in Science Teaching and Learning
Authors: Eddy Sarah L.
Published: May 2021

In this installment of Current Insights, we feature three articles describing how different types of stress can produce different educational outcomes, how studying by writing questions can improve performance, and how faculty beliefs about intelligence can influence students' interest and evaluation of a course.
What Oncologists Want: Identifying Challenges and Preferences on Diagnosis Data Entry to Reduce EHR-Induced Burden and Improve Clinical Data Quality
Authors: Diaz-Garelli Franck , Strowd Roy , Ahmed Tamjeed , Lycan Thomas W. , Daley Sean , Wells Brian J. , Topaloglu Umit
Published: May 2021

PURPOSE

Accurate recording of diagnosis (DX) data in electronic health records (EHRs) is important for clinical practice and learning health care. Previous studies show statistically stable patterns of data entry in EHRs that contribute to inaccurate DX, likely because of a lack of data entry support. We conducted qualitative research to characterize the preferences of oncological care providers on cancer DX data entry in EHRs during clinical practice.

METHODS

We conducted semistructured interviews and focus groups to uncover common themes on DX data entry preferences and barriers to accurate DX recording. Then, we developed a survey questionnaire sent to a cohort of oncologists to verify the generalizability of our initial findings. We constrained our participants to a single specialty and institution to ensure similar clinical backgrounds and clinical experience with a single EHR system.

RESULTS

A total of 12 neuro-oncologists and thoracic oncologists were involved in the interviews and focus groups. The survey developed from these two initial thrusts was distributed to 19 participants yielding a 94.7% survey response rate. Clinicians reported similar user interface experiences, barriers, and dissatisfaction with current DX entry systems including repetitive entry operations, difficulty in finding specific DX options, time-consuming interactions, and the need for workarounds to maintain efficiency. The survey revealed inefficient DX search interfaces and challenging entry processes as core barriers.

CONCLUSION

Oncologists seem to be divided between specific DX data entry and time efficiency because of current interfaces and feel hindered by the burdensome and repetitive nature of EHR data entry. Oncologists' top concern for adopting data entry support interventions is ensuring that it provides significant time-saving benefits and increasing workflow efficiency. Future interventions should account for time efficiency, beyond ensuring data entry effectiveness.
Avoiding Stops and Overcoming Roadblocks: Considerations for Improving Patient Access to CAR-Based Cell Therapies
Authors: Laskowski Tamara J. , Daher May , Basar Rafet , Rezvani Katayoun
Published: May 2021

Adoptive cell therapy has significantly impacted the immuno-oncology landscape. The number of strategies currently in preclinical and clinical development is increasing at a rapid rate. Indeed, we are experiencing a transformative movement in cancer care as we shift toward highly personalized treatments designed to confront the specific challenges of each cancer. Advancements in genetic engineering methods and single-cell profiling technologies provide a level of understanding of the interactions between the immune system and cancer never before achieved. This knowledge, in turn, can be applied to the design and engineering of effective cancer-fighting treatments. As these promising new therapies progress toward clinical application, it becomes evident that we must develop robust methods for production and validation of cellular products to ensure consistency, safety, and efficacy, irrespective of cell type or indication. Herein, we provide an overview of the innovative approaches guiding the new generation of cell therapies and describe the benefits and challenges associated with emerging autologous and allogeneic platforms. Moreover, we discuss important considerations pertaining to process development, cost of goods, and manufacturing, and highlight their impact on the transfer of therapies from bench to bedside.
The Care of Children With Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Moreira Daniel C. , Millen Gerard C. , Sands Stephen , Kearns Pamela R. , Hawkins Douglas S.
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has considerably changed health services for children with cancer worldwide by creating barriers throughout the care continuum. Reports available at this time suggest that asymptomatic and mild upper and lower respiratory tract syndromes are the most common presentation of COVID-19 in children with cancer. Nonetheless, severe cases of COVID-19 and deaths secondary to the infection have been reported. In addition to the direct effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, children with cancer have suffered from the collateral consequences of the pandemic, including decreased access to diagnosis and cancer-directed therapy. The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented challenges to safe and effective care of children with cancer, including their enrollment in therapeutic clinical trials. Data from the Children’s Oncology Group and Cancer Research U.K. Clinical Trials Unit show variability in the enrollment of children with cancer in clinical trials during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the overall effects on outcomes for children with cancer undergoing care during the pandemic remain largely unknown. In this article, we review the current knowledge about the direct and collateral effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including on clinical trial enrollment and operations.
Tracing the main elements and electron orbitals that induce superconducting phase transition
Authors: Zhu Sheng-Hai , Qin Han , Zhong Mi , Fan Dai-He , Chang Xiang-Hui , Wei Yun , Zhang Miao , Zhu Tao , Tang Bin , Liu Fu-Sheng , Liu Qi-Jun
Published: May 2021

The experimental determination of the superconducting transition requires the observation of the emergence of a zero-resistance and perfect diamagnetism state. Based on the close relationship between superconducting transition temperature (

) and electron density of states (DOS), we take two typical superconducting materials Hg and ZrTe3 as samples and calculate their DOS vs. temperature under different pressures by using the first-principle molecular dynamics simulations. According to the analysis of the calculation results, the main contributors that induce superconducting transitions are deduced by tracing the variation of partial density of states near

. The microscopic mechanism of pressure induced increasing

is further analyzed.
Entropy, cross-entropy, relative entropy: Deformation theory
(a)
Authors: Zhang J. , Matsuzoe H.
Published: May 2021

Attempts at generalizing Shannon entropy and Kullback-Leibler divergence (relative entropy) led to a plenthora of deformation models in theoretical physics, including q-model, κ-model, etc. Naudts and Zhang (Inf. Geom., 1 (2018) 79) established that these models can be unified under two notions: deformed ϕ-exponential family (Naudts, J., J. Inequal. Pure Appl. Math., 5 (2004) 102) and conjugate

-embedding (Zhang J., Neural Comput., 16 (2004) 159) of probability functions. Conjugate

-embedding has a gauge freedom which, upon its fixing, subsumes the U-model of Eguchi (Sugaku Expositions, 19 (2006) 197) proposed in a statistical machine learning context. The generalization by

-entropy,

-cross-entropy,

-divergence, when applied to the ϕ-exponential family, yields either a Hessian structure or a conformal Hessian structure under different gauge selections —this “splitting” is the hallmark when deforming the exponential family with its dually flat (Hessian) geometry. This letter provides a unified information geometric perspective of deformation of the exponential model, with calculations for Tsallis q-model.
Endotracheal Intubation in a Difficult Neonatal Airway: A Case Report of a 16-Gauge Intravenous Catheter for Use as an Intubating Stylet
Authors: Sofia Joseph T. , Ambardekar Aditee P. , Grover Lyndsey A.
Published: May 2021

Neonatal airways present unique management challenges that can be compounded by limitations of an underresourced facility. While little clinical data exist on the safety and efficacy of stylet use, they are commonly utilized to facilitate endotracheal intubation in neonates and anticipated difficult airways. As pediatric airway equipment is often understocked in hospitals, innovative thinking can provide creative solutions to these shortages. We present the use of a 16-gauge intravenous catheter as an intubating stylet for a 2.0-millimeter endotracheal tube in the management of a difficult airway in the neonatal intensive care unit.
Atypical Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome Following Obstetric Hemorrhage in the Setting of Fetal Demise and Placenta Accreta: A Case Report
Authors: Wang Ryan , Getrajdman Chloe , Blech Daniel , Aksel Sarp , Bender Samuel , Katz Daniel
Published: May 2021

Multiple disease processes can contribute to coagulopathy in the setting of intrauterine fetal demise. A 34-year-old woman with multiple prior uterine surgeries presented for dilation and evacuation of a fetal demise at 17 weeks. Her case was complicated by significant hemorrhage and coagulopathy requiring massive transfusion and hysterectomy. She developed atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome postoperatively. Pathology identified a focal placenta accreta. While not known to present together, fetal demise, placenta accreta, and atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome can occur in the same patient with an overlapping presentation. Early hematology consultation is recommended in the setting of ongoing hemolysis and renal dysfunction.
Severe Hyponatremia and Seizure From Peripheral Infusion of Norepinephrine Diluted in Dextrose 5% in Water: A Case Report
Authors: Alibhai Nafeesa , Detsky Michael , Wunsch Hannah , Teja Bijan
Published: May 2021

Recent studies have demonstrated that vasopressors can be delivered safely through peripheral intravenous lines. While norepinephrine is usually delivered at a concentration of 16 to 32 μg/mL, out of concern for extravasation and interstitial necrosis, some patients receive more dilute norepinephrine solutions through peripheral intravenous catheters. We describe a case of severe hyponatremia and seizure resulting from administration of norepinephrine concentrated at 4 μg/mL in dextrose 5% in water. After the incident, the institutional policy changed to recommend normal saline as the default diluent for peripheral norepinephrine, with a more concentrated option available. The incident also informed similar guidelines at other hospitals.
Passion, Commitment, Compassion: Les Justes au Panthéon by Agnès Varda
Authors: Flitterman-Lewis Sandy
Published: May 2021

Agnès Varda's 2007 installation Les Justes au Panthéon (The Righteous at the Pantheon, France) honored the many French “Righteous” who saved Jewish children during World War II in a ceremony commemorating their heroic actions with the placement of a plaque in the crypt. For a while this installation held a minor place in Varda's oeuvre, until she gave it a featured position in her autobiographical film The Beaches of Agnès (Les plages d'Agnès, France, 2008). Filmed vignettes of rescue, projected in four loops in the great hall, allowed Varda to display her characteristic blend of documentary and fiction and to navigate the intimately personal with the historical scope of the time. The resulting impression of “empathetic reciprocity” signals a core belief of Varda's in that the artwork (or film, or installation) is an occasion for conversation, for sharing and learning. The ceremony brought together three women of conscience, all dedicated to the power of memory and its ability to bind humanity in a common purpose. Simone Veil and Marceline Loridan-Ivens were both survivors of Auschwitz, while Varda, their exact contemporary, commemorated their experience with her installation. Through sorrow and loss, something affirmative obtains: a Vardian perspective in an unexpected place, a celebration of the most minute expressions of compassion, and a belief in human connection that has traversed the six decades of Varda's work across media and time.
Varda's Third Life
Authors: Bluher Dominique
Published: May 2021

In 2003, following an invitation to participate in the fiftieth Venice Biennale, Agnès Varda started at the age of seventy-five her “third life as a young visual artist,” as she liked to say. During some fifteen years, Varda created over twenty large-scale video installations, numerous smaller ones, and new photographic works, which have been shown in over twenty solo exhibitions and countless group exhibitions in museums, galleries, and art biennials all over the world. This article gives an overview of her installation art and examines how Varda's installations take up and expand on her lifelong passion for still and moving images, painting, photography, and cinema. The author also shows how Varda has rethought and reworked certain subjects that mattered to her throughout her career, by means proper to this new medium. Varda always had the gift to give us the opportunity to reframe our perception of overlooked population groups or objects and to reorient our attention away from the spectacular and extraordinary toward what Georges Perec called the “infraordinary.” If we regard her installations as sites for “active reverie,” we can also comprehend their political dimension as a possible antidote to the current state of the world.
Agnès Varda: Photography and Early Creative Process
Authors: DeRoo Rebecca J.
Published: May 2021

Agnès Varda frequently presented her career as encompassing three domains: photography, cinema, and visual art. While her cinema and late-career artistic work are widely accessible, her early photography remains a growing area of study. Moreover, it has often been repeated that Varda began her directorial career with little knowledge of cinema (stories Varda herself echoed). This article excavates little-known 1950s photographic studies from her archives to show how, in her early cinematic career, she utilized her training as a photographer to conceive her early films. The article demonstrates that Varda made extensive scouting photographs to plan the shots and motifs of her first film, La Pointe Courte (France, 1954), and sometimes sketched these compositions directly in her shooting script. The article also features photographs she made to develop themes in L'Opéra Mouffe (Diary of a Pregnant Woman, France, 1958). Photography, the author argues, enabled Varda to work aesthetically and economically, realizing these early films without the support of producers or state subsidies. Her photographs reveal her formal composition and thematic concerns; they also demonstrate the stunning scope of her planning and enable new understandings of her early creative process.
“Virtual Varda”: Sustainable Legacies, Digital Communities, and Scholarly Postcards
Authors: Kennedy-Karpat Colleen
Published: May 2021

This article presents the story of a symposium dedicated to the life and legacy of Agnès Varda and its move online due to COVID-19, reflecting on this process and its implications for future scholarship. Based on this experience, and using Varda's own late-career digital transition as a model, the author interrogates the potential for online platforms to serve as a kind of scholarly postcard that offers accessible and more sustainable practices for sharing research and building more resilient and inclusive academic communities.
The call of the wild: using non-model systems to investigate microbiome–behaviour relationships
Authors: Cusick Jessica A. , Wellman Cara L. , Demas Gregory E.
Published: May 2021

On and within most sites across an animal's body live complex communities of microorganisms. These microorganisms perform a variety of important functions for their hosts, including communicating with the brain, immune system and endocrine axes to mediate physiological processes and affect individual behaviour. Microbiome research has primarily focused on the functions of the microbiome within the gastrointestinal tract (gut microbiome) using biomedically relevant laboratory species (i.e. model organisms). These studies have identified important connections between the gut microbiome and host immune, neuroendocrine and nervous systems, as well as how these connections, in turn, influence host behaviour and health. Recently, the field has expanded beyond traditional model systems as it has become apparent that the microbiome can drive differences in behaviour and diet, play a fundamental role in host fitness and influence community-scale dynamics in wild populations. In this Review, we highlight the value of conducting hypothesis-driven research in non-model organisms and the benefits of a comparative approach that assesses patterns across different species or taxa. Using social behaviour as an intellectual framework, we review the bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiome and host behaviour, and identify understudied mechanisms by which these effects may be mediated.
Biomechanically distinct filter-feeding behaviors distinguish sei whales as a functional intermediate and ecologically flexible species
Authors: Segre Paolo S. , Weir Caroline R. , Stanworth Andrew , Cartwright Steve , Friedlaender Ari S. , Goldbogen Jeremy A.
Published: May 2021

With their ability to facultatively switch between filter-feeding modes, sei whales represent a functional and ecological intermediate in the transition between intermittent and continuous filter feeding. Morphologically resembling their lunge-feeding, rorqual relatives, sei whales have convergently evolved the ability to skim prey near the surface of the water, like the more distantly related balaenids. Because of their intermediate nature, understanding how sei whales switch between feeding behaviors may shed light on the rapid evolution and flexibility of filter-feeding strategies. We deployed multi-sensor bio-logging tags on two sei whales and measured the kinematics of feeding behaviors in this poorly understood and endangered species. To forage at the surface, sei whales used a unique combination of surface lunges and skim-feeding behaviors. The surface lunges were slow and stereotyped, and were unlike lunges performed by other rorqual species. The skim-feeding events featured a different filtration mechanism from the lunges and were kinematically different from the continuous filter feeding used by balaenids. While foraging below the surface, sei whales used faster and more variable lunges. The morphological characteristics that allow sei whales to effectively perform different feeding behaviors suggest that sei whales rapidly evolved their functionally intermediate and ecologically flexible form to compete with larger and more efficient rorqual species.
Elucidation of the Mechanism of Quantum Dot Arrangement Based on Self-Assembly of an Azobenzene Derivative
Authors: Kubo Naoki , Yamauchi Mitsuaki , Yamamoto Seiya , Masuo Sadahiro
Published: May 2021

The formation of well-defined nanostructures comprising assembled semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) is a challenging research task. Recently, we found that the introduction of π-conjugated molecules with a self-assembly ability into small CdSe QDs led to the formation of highly ordered QD arrangements. Here, we demonstrate the in-depth coaggregation process of large-sized CdSe QDs and azobenzene derivative 1 possessing an amino group functioning as an adhesive to the QD surface. Upon mixing the above QDs with assembled azobenzene derivative 1 in apolar solvents, linearly arranged QD structures along assembled azobenzene derivative 1 were formed over time. In the formed coaggregates, efficient energy transfer between the arranged QDs occurred, as confirmed by a change in the emission spectra and lifetimes. Analysis of time-dependent emission properties revealed the coaggregation mechanism of QDs and 1.
Posterior shoulder labrocapsular structures in all aspects; 3D volumetric MR arthrography study
Authors: Ogul Hayri , Taydas Onur , Sakci Zakir , Altinsoy Hasan Baki , Kantarci Mecit
Published: May 2021

Pathologies of the posterior labrocapsular structures of the shoulder joint are far less common than anterior labrocapsuloligamentous lesions. Most of these pathologies have been associated with traumatic posterior dislocation. A smaller portion of the lesions include posterior extension of superior labral anteroposterior lesions, posterior superior internal impingement, and damage to the posterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament. Labrocapsular anatomic variations of the posterior shoulder joint can mimic labral pathology on conventional MR and occasionally on MR arthrographic images. Knowledge of this variant anatomy is key to interpreting MR images and studying MR arthrography of the posterior labrocapsular structure to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary surgical procedures. In this article, we review normal and variant anatomy of the posterior labrocapsular structure of the shoulder joint based on MR arthrography and discuss how to discriminate normal anatomic variants from labrocapsular damage.
Evaluation of split-filter dual-energy CT for characterization of urinary stones
Authors: Appel Elisabeth , Thomas Christoph , Steuwe Andrea , Schaarschmidt Benedikt M , Brook Olga R , Aissa Joel , Hennenlotter Jörg , Antoch Gerald , Boos Johannes
Published: May 2021

Objective:

To assess accuracy of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) to differentiate uric acid from calcium urinary stones in dual-energy split filter vs sequential-spiral vs dual-source acquisition.

Methods:

Thirty-four urinary stones (volume 89.0 ± 77.4 mm³; 17 calcium stones, 17 uric acid stones) were scanned in a water-filled phantom using a split-filter equipped CT scanner (SOMATOM Definition Edge, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany) in split-filter mode at 120 kVp and sequential-spiral mode at 80 and 140 kVp. Additional DE scans were acquired at 80 and 140 kVp (tin filter) with a dual-source CT scanner (SOMATOM Definition FLASH, Siemens Healthineers). Scans were performed with a CTDIvol of 7.3 mGy in all protocols. Urinary stone categorization was based on dual energy ratio (DER) using an automated 3D segmentation. As reference standard, infrared spectroscopy was used to determine urinary stone composition.

Results:

All three DECT techniques significantly differentiated between uric acid and calcium stones by attenuation values and DERs (p < 0.001 for all). Split-filter DECT provided higher DERs for uric acid stones, when compared with dual-source and sequential-spiral DECT, and lower DERs for calcified stones when compared with dual-source DECT (p < 0.001 for both), leading to a decreased accuracy for material differentiation.

Conclusion:

Split-filter DECT, sequential-spiral DECT and dual-source DECT all allow for the acquisition of DER to classify urinary stones.

Advances in knowledge:

Split-filter DECT enables the differentiation between uric acid and calcium stones despite decreased spectral separation when compared with dual-source and dual-spiral DECT.
MRI features of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: Rotili Anna , Ferrari Federica , Nicosia Luca , Pesapane Filippo , Tabanelli Valentina , Fiori Stefano , Vanazzi Anna , Meneghetti Lorenza , Abbate Francesca , Latronico Antuono , Cassano Enrico
Published: May 2021

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare and newly recognized subtype of T cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHLs) associated with breast implants.

The mechanism involved in the development of this kind of lymphoma is still uncertain.

BIA-ALCL is generally an indolent disease localized to the breast implant and its capsule and effectively treated with capsulectomy alone without chemotherapy.

Clinically, BIA-ALCL may typically present a sudden-onset breast-swelling secondary to periimplant effusion. The minority of BIA-ALCL patients present a more aggressive mass-forming subtype, for which systemic therapy is mandatory.

Despite the number of cases has recently increased, BIA-ALCL remains a rare disease described mainly in several case reports and small case series.

Breast imaging, including mammography, ultrasound and breast MRI are routinely used in the screening of breast cancer; however, guidelines for the imaging and pathological diagnosis of this disease have only recently been proposed and included in the 2019 National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) consensus guidelines for BIA-ALCL.

The main purpose of this pictorial is to illustrate the MRI signs of BIA-ALCL and correlate them with the corresponding pathology features in order to improve the knowledge of the principals MRI features of this type of lymphoma.
Left double polar renal arteries, left triplicate (preaortic, accessory and retroaortic) renal veins associated with extrinsic pelviureteric junction obstruction and posterior nutcracker phenomenon
Authors: Kamanda Martin Ian
Published: May 2021

The renal vasculature and its various congenital anomalies have been studied and documented widely in the literature. However, the concomitant occurrence of renovascular morphological anomalies with vascular compression phenomena in a single patient is a rarity. This is a case of a patient with double left renal arteries, preaortic, accessory and retroaortic left renal veins. There was also associated with vascular compression phenomena in the form of posterior nutcracker phenomenon and pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJ) due to the double-crossing inferior left polar renal artery and retroaortic vein.
The genome sequence of the European golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos chrysaetos Linnaeus 1758
Authors: Mead Dan , Ogden Rob , Meredith Anna , Peniche Gabriela , Smith Michelle , Corton Craig , Oliver Karen , Skelton Jason , Betteridge Emma , Doulcan Jale , Holmes Nadine , Wright Victoria , Loose Matt , Quail Michael A. , McCarthy Shane A. , Howe Kerstin , Chow William , Torrance James , Collins Joanna , Challis Richard , Durbin Richard , Blaxter Mark
Published: May 2021

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Aquila chrysaetos chrysaetos (the European golden eagle; Chordata; Aves; Accipitridae). The genome sequence is 1.23 gigabases in span. The majority of the assembly is scaffolded into 28 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the W and Z sex chromosomes.
ALSPAC parents’ descriptions of childhood stresses in their parents and grandparents
Authors: Birmingham Karen , Iles-Caven Yasmin , Golding Jean
Published: May 2021

Background: There is evidence that childhood stresses or traumas influence individuals’ descendants’ health and wellbeing through epigenetic mechanisms. However, few longitudinal studies have details of such ancestral data.

Methods: Nearly 7,000 parents of the original Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort completed questionnaires concerning their parents’ and grandparents’ childhoods. Validation of these questionnaires involved conducting recorded interviews with 100 of these parents.

Results: The interviews provided insights into the childhoods of two previous generations of this cohort, most of whom had lived through one, if not two, World Wars. Many children were brought up, not by their parents but by relatives or acquaintances and/or left home very young to ‘go into service’ or start work. A few interviewees had wealthy relatives with nannies and governesses and attended expensive boarding schools but by far the most frequent accounts were of poverty, often severe, with related lack of education and illiteracy, alcoholism and violence, alongside devastating effects of the World Wars.

Conclusions: Although the interviews focussed on stresses in childhood and therefore the accounts seemed somewhat negative, many interviewees described their relatives as having secure, stable childhoods. Of the many struggling families though, the predominant impression was their remarkable resilience; all went on to have children or grandchildren who are stable enough to participate for three decades, entirely altruistically, in ALSPAC.