bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The construction of phthalocyanine- carbon nanoparticle conjugates for applications in photodynamic therapy and non-linear optics
Authors:   , Matshitse Refilwe
Published: October 2021

The syntheses and characterization of symmetric and asymmetric Pcs functionalized at the peripheral position and sometimes positively charged are reported. The Pcs had either H2, zinc or silicon as central metals and have pyridyloxy, benzothiozole phenoxy, and respective cationic analogues as ring substituents. The Pcs were linked to carbon based nanoparticles such as graphene quantum dots, carbon dots, and detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) via an ester, amide bond and/or π - π stacking. The physicochemical characteristics of the Pcs were assessed when alone and when in a conjugated system. Both symmetrically and asymmetrically substituted benzothiozole Pcs when quaternised displayed higher triplet and singlet oxygen quantum yields than their unquaternised counterparts. Linkage to carbon nanoparticles (especially to detonation nanodiamonds) had an increasing effect on triplet and singlet oxygen quantum yield. However, a general decrease in singlet oxygen quantum yield on linkage to doped detonation nanodiamonds was associated with the screening effect of DNDs. Heteroatom doped DNDs-Pc nanohybrids have less singlet oxygen than Pcs alone due to molecular structural stability associated with strain that is relatively reduced upon linking Pcs. The In vitro dark cytotoxicity and photodynamic therapy of selected Pc complexes and conjugates against MCF-7 cells was tested. All studied Pc complexes and conjugates showed minimum dark toxicity making them applicable for PDT. When Pc complexes are alone, there is less phototoxicity with >22% cell viability at concentrations ≤ 50 μg/mL relative to conjugates with <22% cell viability at concentrations ≤ 50 μg/mL. There was no direct relationship between PDT and singlet oxygen quantum yields. Nonlinear optical characteristics of complexes was improved upon conjugation of DNDs. Absorbance, input energy, percentage loading, central metal, substituent of Pc and nature of interaction (covalent, noncovalent) are amongst some of the factors that influence nonlinear absorption properties of materials used in this study. All materials followed reverse saturable absorption through two photon absorption mechanism at the excitation wavelength of 532 nm. Aggregates reduce excited state lifetime and Beff under high concentrations/absorbance. A direct relationship between absorbance and Beff of DNDs nanoconjugated systems at low concentrations result in increased optical limiting characteristics of materials. The findings from this work show the importance of linking (nonlinear optics and photodynamic therapy) and doping (photodynamic therapy) photosensitisers such as phthalocyanines and sometimes boron dipyrromethenes onto carbon based nanoparticles for the enhanced characteristics in variable applications.
Concerning effective and safe dosages of vitamin D3: mega-analysis of clinically effective studies as a basis for actual evidence
Authors: Torshin I. Yu. , Gromova O. A. , Tetruashvili N. K.
Published: October 2021

The negative effects of hypovitaminosis D3 and vitamin D3 deficiency in 80% of Russians make eliminating vitamin D deficiency an issue of state concern. Hundreds of effective clinical studies showed realistic opportunities of vitamin D3 to help patients with disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, high levels of nonspecific inflammation, tuberculosis, and women with a higher risk of complications and pregnancy losses. Vitamin D3 supplements are essential for the prevention and treatment of a wide range of “bone” and “extraosseous” diseases. One of the most important aspects of the clinical uses of vitamin D3 is the dosage and dosage regimen of the vitamin. This paper presents the results of a “mega-analysis” of 3965 clinical studies of vitamin D3 in terms of the effectiveness of different dosages in achieving different clinical outcomes. It was shown that dosages of 2000 IU/day and 4000 IU/day correspond to the peak values of the effectiveness index, regardless of the diagnoses studied (mega-analysis of 420 randomized trials). Some effectiveness in the treatment of rickets, gestational diabetes, calcium metabolism disorders, disorders of bone density and structure, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue can be achieved using weekly dosages of 50,000 IU/week (mega-analysis of 196 studies). It has been shown that dosages of 100,000-1,000,000 IU, intended for a single dose once a month, are almost always found only among studies with a negative result (mega-analysis of 368 studies).
Evaluation of the vulnerability in water distribution systems through targeted attacks
Authors: Albarakati Aiman , Tassaddiq Asifa , Kale Yogesh
Published: October 2021

This paper presents the results of a vulnerability analysis in different water distribution system (WDS) benchmarks, performed under a framework based on a graph model that integrates topological features and hydraulic characteristics, allowing the comparison between different attack strategies and centrality measures in terms of their ability to predict the shortage of water supply. This vulnerability framework has been previously applied to electric power systems and it employs a vulnerability prediction measure to quantify the amount of damage caused in terms of the physical damage measure. Different attack strategies and centrality measures were applied to four WDS benchmarks: the New York Tunnel, the Hanoi, the Modena, and the Balerma networks. It was determined that removing the most central element and recalculating the centrality for each stage are the most damaging attack strategies. Degree, eigenvector, and Katz centrality measures presented the best performance to predict the elements that are more relevant to the network and can have a larger impact on the water supply. It was demonstrated that the vulnerability framework can be applied to the WDS in the same way it was previously applied to electric power systems. Future work will be oriented to the design of the WDS using optimization techniques to minimize the vulnerability of the network under faults that can be generated by droughts and other extreme weather conditions.
Impact of climate change on hydro-climatological parameters in North Cyprus: application of artificial intelligence-based statistical downscaling models
Authors: Elkiran Gozen , Nourani Vahid , Elvis Ogodor , Abdullahi Jazuli
Published: October 2021

There are many environmental challenges in water-limited places in the 21st century, particularly in dry and semi-arid regions, due to the threat of climate change caused by the greenhouse effect. This study intends to explore and assess the influence of climate change on hydro-climatological parameters using statistical downscaling and future forecasts of mean monthly precipitation and temperature throughout Famagusta (Mağusa), Nicosia (Lefkoşa), and Kyrenia (Girne) stations, North Cyprus. To achieve the study's goal, 13 predictors of BNU-ESM GCMs from CMIP5 were used at a grid point in the Karfas region. To find the primary predictors, GCM data were screened using mutual information (MI) and correlation coefficient (CC) feature extraction methods prior to downscaling modeling. A neural network (ANN), an adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and multiple linear regression (MLR) models were employed as the downscaling models. We used the best downscaling model as a benchmark for future precipitation and temperature estimates for the period 2018–2040 under the RCP4.5 scenario. In the future, Famagusta and Nicosia would have up to 22% less rain, and Famagusta and Kyrenia will have 2.9% greater heat. The findings of this research could be useful in decision-making, as well as water resource management and climate change.
Seasonal and gender impacts on fecal exposure trends in an urban slum
Authors: Chua Min-Li , Ahsan Md. Nazmul , Sakai Akira , Fujii Shigeo , Goto Shotaro , Kodera Michiya , Harada Hidenori
Published: October 2021

Seasonal and gender impacts have not been well considered in fecal exposure assessment, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study examined the seasonal and gender impacts on fecal exposure trends in children through daily living activities in an urban slum in Bangladesh. We determined Escherichia coli concentrations in seven types of environmental samples (n = 232) and the activity data of children via diary recording, questionnaires, and interview surveys. Daily and monthly exposures were stochastically estimated for drinking, eating, pond bathing, well bathing, and hand-to-mouth contact. Of the five pathways, pond bathing and drinking contributed a large part of the daily and monthly exposure. Significant seasonal differences were observed in daily exposures for bathing, which were higher in the rainy season (2.59 × 102 CFU/day for boys and 6.19 × 10−1 CFU/day for girls) than in the dry season (1.69 × 102; 4.30 × 10−2), because of longer pond bathing time and more contaminated bathing water in the rainy season. In contrast, eating had significantly higher exposure in the dry season (3.71 × 10; 3.22 × 10) than the rainy season (1.50 × 10; 1.24 × 10) due to the higher dish contamination. Significantly higher daily exposure was observed in the bathing for boys than girls, as boys spent longer time for bathing at a heavily contaminated pond.
Adsorption of cupric, cadmium and cobalt ions from the aqueous stream using the composite of iron(II,III) oxide and zeolitic imidazole framework-8
Authors: Kuwer Pushpmala , Yadav Anshul , Labhasetwar Pawan Kumar
Published: October 2021

In recent research, the composite of Fe3O4 and metal-organic frameworks have shown great potential in removing potentially toxic metals from water. We conducted the adsorption studies of potentially toxic metal ions (Cu2+, Co2+ and Cd2+) using the composite of Fe3O4 and zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (Fe3O4@ZIF-8) for the first time. The solvothermal technique was used to synthesize the Fe3O4. The magnetic ZIF-8 offers high thermal stability, greater adsorption surface, good removability, and high chemical and thermal stability. Characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the synthesized samples. The SEM and XRD results revealed the high purity and structural integrity of ZIF-8 crystallites. To remove potentially toxic metals (Cu2+, Co2+ and Cd2+), the influence of adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH, and adsorbate concentration on the adsorption performance of Fe3O4@ZIF-8 was investigated. The Langmuir isotherm accurately represented the adsorption processes, with absorption magnitudes of Fe3O4@ZIF-8 determined to be 46.82 mg g−1, 71.29 mg g−1 and 54.49 mg g−1 for Cu2+, Co2+ and Cd2+, respectively. According to the adsorption mechanism analysis, the primary Cu2+, Co2+ and Cd2+ removal methods of Fe3O4@ZIF-8 were ion exchange and coordination bonds. The uptake capacity of Cu2+, Co2+ and Cd2+ solution by Fe3O4@ZIF-8 were not significantly affected by the presence of counter ions. The material exhibited superior regenerative properties for Cu2+, Co2+ and Cd2+ ions from water for up to three cycles. This study concluded that the Fe3O4@ZIF-8 could be a viable candidate for eliminating potentially toxic metals (Cu2+, Co2+ and Cd2+).
Re-utilization of Chinese medicinal herbal residue: waste wormwood rod-derived porous carbon as a low-cost adsorbent for methyl orange removal
Authors: Wang Shuhui , Huang Yu , Wu Yiting , Zhang Xinyu , Wan Liu , Liu Xiang , Zhang Wanju
Published: October 2021

A cost-effective approach was applied to prepare porous carbon samples by the simple carbonization of wormwood rod followed by salt activator (NaCl) activation. The effect of preparation parameters on the characteristics of the wormwood rod-based porous carbons (WWRs) were studied. The properties of these samples were investigated by SEM, BET surface area, X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The prepared WWRs were applied as new adsorbent materials to remove methyl orange (MO). The experimental results indicated that WWR-800 activated at 800 °C possesses the best adsorption performance. Several factors that affected the adsorption property of the system such as the solution pH, dosing of adsorbent, initial dye concentration and ionic strength were examined. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters and kinetic parameters of MO with WWR-800 were studied. The results indicated that the adsorption of MO on WWR-800 was an endothermic process and non-spontaneous under standard conditions. The maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity of MO on WWR-800 was 454.55 mg/g. After five adsorption/desorption cycles, the adsorption capacity of MO on WWR-800 remained at 94%, which indicated that wormwood rod-based porous carbon possessed good reusability.
Formation of dialogic speech among younger preschoolers in role-playing games in preschool conditions
Authors: Ovchinnikova Alisa Aleksandrovna , Volobueva Tatiana Iurevna , Shuvaeva Elena Viktorovna , Stopycheva Irina Iurevna
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the question of the development of speech of preschoolers, namely the formation of dialogical speech.
Okul Öncesi Dönem Çocuklarının Televizyon İzleme ve Bilgisayar Oynama Sürelerinin Görsel-Motor Entegrasyonu Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: ORAL PAKSOY Sümeyra Arzu , ARSLAN Emel
Published: October 2021

Bu araştırma okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının televizyon izleme ve bilgisayar oynama sürelerinin görsel-motor entegrasyon becerileri açısından incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu araştırma genel tarama modelinde planlanmış ve anasınıfına devam eden 5-6 yaş grubu 370 çocuk üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmaya alınan okullar ve sınıflar basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada çocukların görsel-motor entegrasyon becerilerini ölçmek için Beery VMI Görsel-Motor Entegrasyonu Gelişimsel Testi ve Genel Bilgi Formu kullanılmıştır. Veriler bağımsız örneklemler T-Testi ve Tek Yönlü Anova Testi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bu araştırma sonucuna göre, evde bilgisayar bulunması, çocukların son üç yıl ve öncesinden beri bilgisayarda oyun oynaması, zekâ-mantık oyun türünü oynamaları ve günlük 3 saatten daha az süreyle televizyon izlemesi görsel-motor entegrasyon beceri düzeyleri açısından anlamlı bir farklılık göstermektedir. Ayrıca günlük 2 saat ve daha fazla bilgisayarda zaman geçiren çocukların görsel-motor entegrasyon beceri düzeyi puan ortalamalarının daha düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Çocukların uzun süre bilgisayar ya da televizyon başında kalıp, olumsuz yönde etkilenmemeleri için ebeveynlerin daha duyarlı davranması, çocuklarıyla etkileşime geçmeleri, zaman yönetimi konusunda onlara yardımcı olmaları ve gelişimlerini olumlu yönde etkileyecek aktivitelere de yönlendirmeleri önemlidir.
Ergenlerin Aile İçi İlişki Algılarının Çeşitli Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi
Authors: GÖNÜLTAŞ Osman , UZUN Kıvanç , AKIN Muhammed Süleyman
Published: October 2021

Bu araştırma lise çağındaki ergenlerin aile ilişkilerini algılamalarının cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi, anne-baba birliktelik durumu ve anne-baba öğrenim durumu değişkenlerine göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılında, Isparta ilinin Merkez ilçesindeki ortaöğretim kurumlarında öğrenim gören 359 öğrenciden (194 kadın ve 165 erkek) oluşmaktadır. Çalışma grubunun yaş ortalaması 15.38’dir. Araştırmada veri toplama araçları olarak; öğrencilere ilişkin demografik bilgilerin elde edildiği kişisel bilgi formu ve Aile Değerlendirme Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde frekans, yüzde, aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapmanın yanı sıra ergenlerin aile içi ilişkiyi algılayışlarının, demografik değişkenlere göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını belirlemek için bağımsız gruplar t-testi ile tek yönlü varyans analizi kullanılmış olup, farklılıkların kaynağını test etmek için ise Tukey ve Hochberg’s GT2 testlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre ergenlerin aile içi ilişkileri algılayışları, cinsiyet değişenine göre roller, duygusal tepki verebilme, gereken ilgiyi gösterme ve davranış kontrolü alt boyutlarında; anne-baba birliktelik durumu değişkenine göre ise duygusal tepki verebilme ve genel işlevler alt boyutlarında anlamlı farklılık göstermiştir. Ergenlerin aile içi ilişkileri algılayışları, sınıf düzeyi ve anne-baba öğrenim durumu değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılık göstermemiştir. Çalışma bulguları ilgili alanyazın ışığında tartışılmıştır.
Dijital Hikaye Anlatımının Disiplinlerarası Öğretim Bağlamında Kullanım Durumları
Authors: BAHADIR Harun , TÜFEKCİ Aslıhan , ÇAKIR Hasan
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı alanyazında disiplinlerarası öğretim yaklaşımı ile ele alınan dijital hikâye anlatımı çalışmalarını (DHA) betimleyerek DHA‘nın farklı disiplinlerdeki bilgi ve becerileri ortak bir amaç doğrultusunda birbirine entegre etme potansiyelini ortaya çıkarmak ve bu yönde yapılacak çalışmalar için bir temel oluşturmaktır. 2014-2020 yılları arasında alanyazında yer alan DHA çalışmaları disiplinlerarası öğretim yaklaşımı ile uygulanma kriteri göz önünde bulundurularak betimsel tarama yöntemi ile taranmıştır. Ulaşılan 12 makale yayın yılı, uygulandığı ülke, katılımcı sayısı, sınıf düzeyi, çalışılan disiplin alanları, disiplin alanlarının entegrasyon durumları, araştırma metodu ve öğrenme çıktıları ölçütleri doğrultusunda içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Yapılan analiz sonucunda alanyazında DHA’nın disiplinlerarası öğretim bakımından uygulandığı çalışma sayısının 2019 yılından itibaren artış göstermeye başladığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmalarda çoğunlukla teknolojinin yabancı dil ve ana dil ile entegrasyonu üzerinde durulduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda DHA’nın, birden fazla disiplin alanını disiplinlerarası öğretim bağlamında birbiri ile entegre etmek üzere kullanmak için etkin ve güçlü bir yöntem olduğu değerlendirilmektedir.
O SUPLÍCIO DO DIREITO PENAL: ANÁLISE SOBRE O FORTALECIMENTO DO PUNITIVISMO E SEUS REFLEXOS SOBRE DOGMÁTICA CONSTITUCIONAL-PENAL
Authors: Diógenes Reinaldo Guilherme de Negreiros
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho discute a forma como a Criminologia Midiática tem instigado o crescimento de movimentos na sociedade que defendem a flexibilização das garantias individuais como uma resposta ao problema da insegurança social. Diante da crescente pressão sobre os operadores do direito para que se distorçam as normas jurídicas em prol da satisfação do sentimento coletivo de segurança, faz-se necessário se atentar a uma rígida metodologia de interpretação das normas jurídicas no sistema constitucional. Neste sentido, conclui-se que tal fenômeno acaba por influenciar os agentes judiciais, apesar do dever de imparcialidade e respeito às normas jurídicas que lhes são inerentes.
CRIMINOLOGIA FEMINISTA E ESTADO PENAL: ENTRE O EMPODERAMENTO E OS DESEJOS PUNITIVOS
Authors: Malcher Beatriz Moreira da Gama
Published: October 2021

Este artigo discorre a respeito das contribuições e dos limites que a Criminologia Feminista apresenta à situação da mulher na atualidade. Estabelecendo uma relação entre esta Criminologia e a Criminologia Crítica, e sempre tendo em mente o processo histórico no qual o debate se insere, esta investigação tenta apontar a relação estabelecida entre a construção de leis positivas e a expansão do Estado penal, assim como indagar qual é o local de atuação ocupado pela crítica de esquerda hoje.
CRIMINALIDADE FEMININA: DESESTABILIDADE FAMILIAR E AS VÁRIAS FACES DO ABANDONO
Authors: Davim Brenda Karolina Guedes , Lima Cátia Santos
Published: October 2021

Hoje, o Brasil possui um sistema prisional longe do ideal de ressocialização. Foi observado que a constante falta de expectativas que permeia a vida das mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade também se mostra presente além dos muros do cárcere. A partir dessa situação, surge a necessidade de explanar a raiz desses problemas e suas implicações práticas na vida das detentas.
PÁTRIA EXTERMINADORA: O PROJETO GENOCIDA BRASILEIRO
Authors: Góes Luciano
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo demarca um lugar de fala comprometido com umaCriminologia brasileira e seu realismo racial marginal, pretendendolançar alguma luz na relação causa-efeito do extermínio massivo atualdo negro com o racismo brasileiro, (re)definindo o genocídio comoprojeto político, histórico e ininterrupto, resultado de uma lógicaexterminante congênita, explícita e implícita que possui na “guerracontra as drogas” sua mais nova legitimação, que expõe aprogramação racista de um sistema de controle racial/social. A forçaideológica que mantém quase intacta e inalterável a estrutura racialsocialmente estabelecida é reforçada constantemente pelapulverização da questão racial, que, apesar dos notórios resultados queo racismo confere ao nosso Direito Penal, não é situada comoprotagonista. Uma realidade que reforça nosso racismo com a políticaideológica que sustenta o conto infantil do país das maravilhas raciais:sua não nomeação e não enfrentamento.
ILUSÃO TOTAL E DIFERENÇA. DILEMAS SOBRE O SISTEMA PRISIONAL BRASILEIRO
Authors: Almeida Bruno Rotta
Published: October 2021

O artigo estuda os dilemas que envolvem a ilusão da totalidade e a diferençano contexto da execução penal brasileira. A ilusão totalizadora se reproduzmediante a crença na lei e entra em choque com a diferença da realidade,encobrindo a violência do controle penal. A contradição entre o plano dodireito positivo e as realidades e sociabilidades carcerárias faz emergir tonsagressivos acerca da norma e da respectiva crença. A aceitabilidade enaturalização da violência institucional é um exemplo disso. O texto buscacompreender, justamente, esse processo histórico, propondo ao finalalgumas perspectivas de enfrentamento.
Fungal Infection in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Sarvestani Amirmehdi , Almasian Mohammad , Nafari Amirhossein
Published: October 2021

Background:

The prevalence of fungal infections has been increasing in recent years.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that affects organs such as the intestines, liver, pancreas,
and especially the lungs.

Introduction:

Fungal pathogens are becoming a challenge in CF. Advanced medical science is associated
with longer life expectancy in some patient groups.

Method:

A review was conducted on studies found on online databases, including Google Scholar,
PubMed, and Scopus. Internet-based searches were performed on these databases for cystic fibrosis,
respiratory infections, and fungal infection profiling to identify all relevant studies published
between 2010 and 2020.

Result:

Fungal pathogens most frequently isolated from the respiratory tract include the Aspergillus
genus, the Candida genus, Scedosporium apiospermum, and the Rasamsonia genus. In cystic fibrosis,
these organisms usually colonize the respiratory and intestinal tracts and cause hypersensitivity
responses and invasive diseases.

Conclusion:

Fungus-patient interactions are complicated and depend on various factors. Moreover,
the emergence of drug-resistant species is a serious health issue, and the development of new treatments
is crucial.
Faktor Risiko Anemia pada Anak Sekolah Dasar di Temanggung
Authors: Putri Netta Meridianti , Briawan Dodik , Baliwati Yayuk Farida
Published: October 2021

Anemia pada anak sekolah masih menjadi masalah yang harus segera ditangani di Indonesia. Menurut laporan Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2013, prevalensi anemia untuk anak usia sekolah di Indonesia adalah 26.4%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan faktor-faktor risiko (karakteristik subjek, karakteristik keluarga, densitas protein dan asupan zat besi, kecukupan protein dan zat besi, frekuensi konsumsi pangan sumber heme, pola konsumsi enhancer dan inhibitor zat besi serta frekuensi sarapan) terhadap kejadian anemia. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional yang dilakukan pada bulan Januari - Juni 2018. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada anak sekolah dasar kelas 4 - 6 di Temanggung. Sampel sebanyak 318 siswa dipilih menggunakan metode simple random sampling. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dengan uji chi square dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi sarapan, frekuensi konsumsi telur, frekuensi konsumsi hati ayam, dan konsumsi obat cacing merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya anemia pada anak sekolah dasar di Temanggung.Â  Â
Perbandingan Faktor Pertumbuhan dan Sitokin Air Susu Ibu (ASI) Neonatus Prematur dengan Neonatus Aterm
Authors: Puryatni Anik , Permadi Prasetya Ismail
Published: October 2021

Air Susu Ibu (ASI) mengandung berbagai komponen biologis aktif, yang berfungsi sebagai nutrisi, maturasi saluran cerna, dan pertahanan saluran pencernaan neonatus. Peran ASI dalam pertahanan (barrier) saluran pencernaan, diperankan oleh growth factors dan sitokin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar faktor pertumbuhan dan sitokin ASI menurut kelompok usia kehamilan neonatus dan jenis tahapan ASI. Penelitian menggunakan desain deskriptif analitik, dengan metode potong lintang dengan consecutive sampling. Sampel dibagi menjadi empat kelompok yakni kelompok neonatus extremely preterm (n=6), very preterm (n=6), mild preterm (n=6), dan kelompok neonatus aterm (n=6). Dilakukan pengukuran kadar faktor pertumbuhan dan sitokin dari sampel ASI kolostrum (hari ke-3 pasca persalinan) dan ASI transisi (hari ke-10 pasca persalinan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar IGF-1 (p=0,05), EGF, hBD-1, hBD-2 dan IL-8 (p=0,00) berbeda bermakna antar kelompok penelitian. Kadar IGF-1 (p=0,03), EGF (p=0,00), dan hBD-1 (p=0,02) berbeda bermakna antara ASI kolostrum dan ASI transisi. Maka dapat disimpulkan berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini terdapat perbedaan kadar faktor pertumbuhan IGF-1, EGF dan hBD-1 antara neonatus prematur dan aterm berdasarkan jenis tahapan ASI
Nutrition Knowledge Determinants among Undergraduate Students in Selected University in Jakarta
Authors: Sufyan Dian Luthfiana , Nurdiantami Yuri , Wahyuningsih Utami , Krisdiani Ade Fatma
Published: October 2021

Malnutrition problem (under and over nutrition), known as the double burden of malnutrition, was a growing concern in developing countries, including Indonesia. The 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey noted a substantial increase in the proportion of these nutritional impairments. As a fundamental factor of malnutrition, nutritional knowledge was expected to be occupied not only by vulnerable groups. A transitional age group like youth, in this case undergraduate students, should also be on the radar since they carried a risk of malnutrition from adolescence into adulthood. This study aimed to assess the nutritional knowledge determinants among undergraduate students in Jakarta. This cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students in Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta. The nutritional knowledge regarding the Indonesian Guideline for Balance Diet, as well as participantsâ€™ characteristics questionnaire, was self-administered online by 235 participants using Google Form. Chi-Square, Spearmanâ€™s rho, and logistics regression tests were used to analyze the data using statistical software. Students who participated in this study were primarily female, aged under 20 years, achieve a GPA above 3.50, and had normal BMI. The bivariate analysis reported a significant association between sex, study field, and parentâ€™s income with nutrition knowledge level. Based on logistic regression, the odds of having an adequate nutrition knowledge level is about 2.76 times higher among students whose parents earned 3-5 million IDR per month than students whose parents earned less than 3 million or more than 5 million IDR. Undergraduate students were also a prominent target group to ensure nutritional knowledge occupancy since they may face adolescent nutritional problems and future risk of adult nutritional problems. This study is fostering targeted nutrition education for youth undergraduate students.
Lactic Acid Bacteria (Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophillus) in Yogurt Inhibit the Growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella sp. In Vitro
Authors: Peramiarti IDSAP
Published: October 2021

Diarrhea is defecation with a frequency more often than usual (three times or more) a day (10 mL/kg/day) with a soft or liquid consistency, even in the form of water alone. Pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella sp., play a role in many cases, to which antibiotics are prescribed as the first-line therapy. However, since antibiotic resistance cases are often found, preventive therapies are needed, such as consuming yogurt, which is produced through a fermentation process by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). This research aimed to determine the activity of lactic acid bacteria (Liactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus) in yogurt in inhibiting the growth of the pathogenic bacteria E. coli, S. typhimurium, and Shigella sp. The research applied in vitro with the liquid dilution test method and the true experimental design research method with post-test-only and control group design. The design was used to see the inhibitory effect of yogurt LAB on the growth of E. coli, S. typhimurium, and Shigell sp. to compare the effect of several different yogurt concentrations, namely 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. The results of the Least Significance Different analysis showed that there was a significant difference between yogurt with a concentration of 0% and that with various concentrations in inhibiting the growth of E. coli, S. typhimurium, and Shigella sp. with a p-value of <0.05. Whereas, there was no significant difference in the various concentrations of yogurt in inhibiting the growth of the three kinds of bacteria with a p-value of > 0.05.Â
Characteristics of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Patients Undergoing Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)
Authors: Prasetyo Zen Ary , Budaya Taufiq Nur , Daryanto Besut
Published: October 2021

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases affecting the elderly, and Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) is a gold standard surgical procedure in BPH patients. Although the TURP rate is high, the publication of TURP profile data in Indonesia is still limited. This study aimed at determining the characteristics of BPH patients who underwent TURP at Saiful Anwar General Hospital. This study is a descriptive study by collecting data of 162 BPH patients who underwent TURP from January 2015 to August 2017. TURP is primarily performed in patients aged 61-70 years (39.5%). Recurrent urinary retention was the most common indication for the procedure (54.9%) followed by bladder stone (21%), pharmacological therapy failure (10.5%), inguinal hernia (8%), severe Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) (3.7%), and renal insufficiency (1.9%). As many as 58% of patients who underwent TURP had a prostate volume higher than 50 ml. Urinary retention is the most common complaint among BPH patients who underwent TURP, and recurrent urinary retention is the most common TURP indicator.Â
Comparison of the efficiency and ethical implications of pitfall and Tomahawk traps on Virginia opposums (Didelphis virginiana)
Authors: Glebskiy Yury , Cano-Santana Zenón
Published: October 2021

The choice of methods for trapping animals can greatly affect the studies and their results, despite that there are relatively few studies on the matter. Thus, the purpose of this study is to compare two common methods of live trapping (Tomahawk traps and pitfall traps), their efficiency and ethical implications for trapping Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana). Traps were located in a paired design, the trapped animals were checked for sex, injuries caused by the trap and stress level, then marked and released in the same spot. At the same time, costs of both trap types were compared. Tomahawk traps were 60 % more efficient to trap opossums but the pitfall traps had better results in all the other categories: were more cost-effective, did not injure the animals as often and were less stressful. Neither type of trap presented bias in sex proportion or number of recaptured animals. In general, both types of traps resulted to be effective, the pitfall trap was the better option in almost all of the categories but has the disadvantage that in the infrequent event of two males being caught on in the same trap, they are likely to fight.
The usage of Games-Based Intervention in Improving the English Language Proficiency of High School B40 Students
Authors: Isa Siti Salwa , Jamaludin Nor Lelawati , Ali Abu , Said Shahrul Niza
Published: October 2021

The objective of this study is explore the use game-based intervention as a tool in understanding its contributions to the level of English Language proficiency among B40 secondary school students in Klang Valley (n=104). Results was tested using correlational study in SPSS. The level of English proficiency improvement of students was measured according to The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). Results indicate that more than 50% (54) shows a significant result in improvement with moderate-string correlation and statistically significant. This allows the curation of appropriate strategies and responses to address application development in English language learning if necessary.
Keywords: Game-based Intervention (GBI); UN Sustainable Development Goals 4 (SDG); The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR); B40
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI6.3036
AN INTEGRATED APPROACH BASED ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE USING ANFIS AND ANN FOR MULTIPLE CRITERIA REAL ESTATE PRICE PREDICTION
Authors: Yakub A. A. , Mohd. Ali Hishamuddin , Achu Kamalahasan , Abdul Jalil Rohaya , A.O Salawu
Published: October 2021

A relatively high level of precision is required in real estate valuation for investment purposes. Such estimates of value which is carried out by real estate professionals are relied upon by the end-users of such financial information having paid a certain fee for consultation hence leaving little room for errors. However, valuation reports are often criticised for their inability to be replicated by two or more valuers. Hence, stirring to a keen interest within the academic cycle leading to the need for exploring avenues to improve the price prediction ability of the professional valuer. This study, therefore, focuses on overcoming these challenges by introducing an integrated approach that combines ANFIS with ANN termed ANFIS-AN, thereby having a reiteration in terms of ANN application to fortify price predictability. Using 255 property data alongside 12 variables, the ANFIS-AN model was adopted and its outcome was compared with that of ANN. Finally, the results were subjected to 3 different error testing models using the same training and learning benchmarks. The proposed model’s RMSE gave 1.413169, while that of ANN showed 9.942206. Similarly, using MAPE, ANN recorded 0.256438 while ANFIS-AN had 0.208324. Hence, ANFIS-AN’s performance is laudable, thus a better tool over ANN.
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE ISSUES OF TENANCY MANAGEMENT PRACTICE: THE CASE OF COMMERCIAL WAQF PROPERTIES IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Sipan Ibrahim , Abas Farah Nadia , Ghazali Noor Azimah , Che Yaacob Ahmad
Published: October 2021

This paper concerns the sustainability of the commercial waqf properties (CWP) in regards to tenancy management (TM) since the waqf properties were underperformed due to large rental arrears in some states. The objective of the study is to investigate the issues of tenancy management that limit the achievement of the financial sustainability of CWP. This research adopts the qualitative approach which employing in-depth interviews at seven (7) CWP as a case study that covered the state of Johor, Selangor, Penang and WPKL. Semistructured interviews were conducted with six (6) waqf property managers (WPM) and twenty-one (21) tenants to get their perspective regarding the issues of tenancy management according to TM attributes. From the findings, it was found that the tenancy businesses attribute is the most issues voiced by the tenants and WPMs followed by tenancy agreement, rental determination and enforcement. Meanwhile, tenant selection and waqf property manager attributes are less critical. Hence, the solutions have been proposed to improve the sustainability of CWP while Shariah principles and waqf needs are being adhered to in the full spectrum of waqf tenancy management.
AGRIBUSINESS AS THE SOLUTION FOR THE UNDERUTILIZED WAQF LANDS: A VIEWPOINT FROM THE WAQF ADMINISTRATORS
Authors: Ali Azizan Norfaridah , Muhamat Amirul Afif , Syed Alwi Sharifah Faigah , Ali Husniyati , Jaafar Mohamad Nizam , Jusoh Nur Hidayah
Published: October 2021

Waqf land bank in Malaysia has huge potential to be developed but most of the lands are underutilized due to the administrative and legal (conventional and Shariah) issues that are plaguing them. The underutilized land size is estimated to be around 87% from the 30,000 hectares waqf lands, as at 2018. This study focuses on Selangor and Perak to explore on the same issue by interviewing the relevant key informants to gather their feedback. In order to unlock the potential of these waqf lands, pragmatic model or approach needs to be researched and implemented - and this study suggests agribusiness. Therefore, this study embarks on the preliminary field work that intends to assess the potential to develop the waqf lands in Selangor and Perak for agribusiness activities.
UNCERTAINTY IN BUSINESS VALUATION FOR TAX PURPOSES
Authors: Prasetyo Kristian Agung , Swasito Adhipradana Prabu , Safitra Dhian Adhetiya
Published: October 2021

An important but often neglected aspect in business valuation for tax purposes is uncertainty. It is known in the literature that changes in economic structure, people’s behavior, business risk, or political leader are expected. Unfortunately, these factors cannot be effectively measured and reported in business valuation for tax purposes. As such, most business valuations for tax purposes are unable to capture uncertainty adequately. Valuation reports under a tax investigation process only present an estimated value in the form of a single value, which is unable to represent uncertainty sufficiently. This paper aims to demonstrate a method to quantify uncertain variables into the business valuation for tax purposes. The research engaged scenario analysis to arrive in three different possible value estimates, and Monte Carlo simulation to take uncertainties into accountto produce a frequency distribution containing all possible values between predetermined limits. Using the range of value produced in the simulation, a taxpayer will have more complete information to decide whether taxpayers submit an undervalue report or not.
GROSS INCOME MULTIPLIER AS A FAIRNESS INDICATOR OF TRANSACTION VALUE ON TRANSFER OF RIGHTS ON LAND AND BUILDING IN SOUTH TANGERANG
Authors: Hendrastuti Nur
Published: October 2021

As the government of Indonesia targets income tax to contribute 50,1% of the overall tax revenue target in Indonesia, the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) is compelled to maximize the excavation of tax potential. Among others, excavation of income tax potential may apply for income tax upon the transfer of rights on land and/or building. For this final income tax, tax extraction is performed by evaluating the transfer transaction value stated in the Land Deed Officer Monthly Report which should be based on the value received or obtained by the seller based on market price. Unfortunately, there is no means to ensure that the value stated by taxpayer is the actual transaction value. Also, since data on property in Indonesia is not publicly available, the real value of the transfer remains elusive. Therefore, Tax Office requires a method or technique to determine whether the stated value is a reasonable and compliant one. This research aims to examine the feasibility of Gross Income Multiplier to determine the fairness indication of transaction value stated by the taxpayer in the transfer of rights on land and/or building. By understanding the fairness of the stated value as reported in the Land Deed Officer monthly report, DGT is expected to accurately determine the fair transaction value.
SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION ANALYSIS OF HOUSING DISTRIBUTION IN JOHOR BAHRU
Authors: Mohd Sairi Nur Asyikin , Burhan Burhaida , Mohd Safian Edie Ezwan
Published: October 2021

Geographic location naturally generates spatial patterns that are either clustered, dispersed, or random. Moreover, Tobler’s First Law of Geography is essentially a testable assumption in the concept where geographic location matters and one method for quantifying Tobler’s law of geography is through measures of spatial autocorrelation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the spatial patterns of housing distribution in Johor Bahru through the spatial autocorrelation method. The result of the global spatial autocorrelation analysis demonstrates a high degree of clustering within the housing distribution, as well as the identification of a clustered pattern with a highly positive Moran’s I value of 0.995207. Following that, the LISA cluster map successfully identified individual clusters of each housing unit with their neighbours through the red and blue colours displayed on the map, as well as revealing home buyers’ preferences for a property in each location.
INNOVATIONS OF VILLAGE ASSET MANAGEMENT: A CASE OF THE BEST INDONESIAN VILLAGE
Authors: Raharjo Taufik , Ubed Roby Syaiful , Yudanto Ambang Aris , Yuliati Retno
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this paper is to analyze Innovation Patterns in Utilizing Village Assets. The data collections were conducted by interviewing three village asset managers and implementing field observation on the research object. The study suggested that innovative asset management implemented in Panggungharjo successfully provided fundamental contributions to its community. The village assets have been successfully managed to increase the community’s earnings by creating innovative businesses such as technology-based business innovations and using exceptional business processes. This study was conducted in the Indonesian background. Nonetheless, the study results may not apply to village asset management in other countries, particularly the Western ones. At last, these findings are likely to have substantial implications for village asset managers from other villages in designing and implementing how to maximize village asset utilization for the benefit of the village community.
INVESTMENT STYLES OF REIT PROPERTY PORTFOLIOS
Authors: Tan Chor Heng , Ting Kien Hwa
Published: October 2021

Investment style, comprising generic-style and specific-style, is the real estate investment management approach adopted by REIT management in guiding the construction of their portfolios. These portfolios would have distinctive return and risk performance reflecting the stated risk and return underlying the investment vision. Using quantitative and qualitative approaches, this study identified the investment style of each M-REIT listed on Bursa Malaysia. Using the generic-style criteria and analysis, M-REITs are found to have pursued passive and value strategies aided by a top-down approach to their property portfolio management. Whilst results of the specific style analysis show that core portfolios have produced a lower risk-return ratio compared to value-added and opportunistic portfolios. These findings will benefit investors by guiding their investment decision making in constructing their investment portfolios and also in deciding ways to achieve diversification.
ALTERNATIVE NUMERAIRES FOR MEASURING WELFARE CHANGES: REVIEW OF EMPIRICAL ENVIRONMENTAL VALUATION STUDIES
Authors: Solikin Akhmad
Published: October 2021

This study examines numeraire or an account unit that measures household welfare changes. Although money metric usually determines budget constraint, textbook explanations of the alternative metrics are limited. Therefore, the study aimed to fill the existing gap by systematically and qualitatively analysing previously published articles on environmental valuation in developing countries. The results showed the existence of alternative numeraires in working time, commodities, and financing. The alternative metrics are useful in the valuation of environmental goods and services in developing countries, especially those involving poor respondents and underdeveloped monetary transactions. The nonmonetary payments reduce zero bids due to the inability of subsistence people to pay in cash and help the poor express their true environmental values.
Термоэлектрические интенсификаторы теплообмена
Authors: Драбкин И.А. , Ершова Л.Б.
Published: October 2021

Рассматривается работа термоэлектрического интенсификатора теплообмена. Приводятся критерии эффективности применения таких интенсификаторов и на этой основе анализируется их работа. Даются оценки положительного эффекта от применения термоэлектрического модуля в зависимости от разности температур на теплообменнике без использования термоэлектрического модуля. Показано, что в большинстве случаев использование интенсификатора не способствует интенсификации теплообмена. Ключевые слова: термоэлектрический охладитель, теплообмен, интенсификатор, эффективность.
Термоэлектрические свойства пленок p-Bi-=SUB=-0.5-=/SUB=-Sb-=SUB=-1.5-=/SUB=-Te-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- на гибкой подложке
Authors: Гранаткина Ю.В. , Дашевский З.М.
Published: October 2021

Соединения на основе Bi2Te3 являются отличными кандидатами для низкотемпературного термоэлектрического применения. В работе разработана технология изготовления пленок p-Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 с высокой термоэлектрической эффективностью на тонкой гибкой полиимидной подложке. Изготовление пленок осуществляли методом дискретного испарения. Проведено систематическое исследование транспортных характеристик (коэффициент Холла, коэффициент Зеебека, электропроводность) в диапазоне температур 80-400 K. Измеренная температуропроводность вдоль пленки и рассчитанная теплопроводность позволили оценить термоэлектрическую эффективность для пленок p-Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3, достигающую 3·10-3 K-1. Ключевые слова: p-Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 пленка, тонкая гибкая подложка, термоэлектрические свойства.
Разработка технологии высокопрочных термоэлектриков диаметром до 35 мм на основе поликристаллов Bi-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Te-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- методом горячей экструзии
Authors: Сорокин А.И. , Иванцов М.С. , Табачкова Н.Ю. , Бублик В.Т. , Скипидаров С.Я. , Дашевский З.М.
Published: October 2021

Получение термоэлектрических материалов на основе халькогенидов висмута и сурьмы в виде прутков больших диаметров методом горячей экструзии связано с проблемой сохранения текстуры деформации в них как по длине, так и по сечению. В работе впервые представлены поликристаллы на основе Bi2Te3 n- и p-типа проводимости диаметром до 35 мм, полученные этим методом. Проведены детальные исследования структурных свойств. Измерены механические (предел прочности) и термоэлектрические характеристики (коэффициент термоэдс, электропроводность и термоэлектрическая добротность) экструдированных образцов. Полученные поликристаллы n- и p-типа проводимости диаметром 35 мм по термоэлектрическим и механическим свойствам не уступают промышленно выпускаемым поликристаллам диаметром 25 мм. Ключевые слова: термоэлектричество, Bi2Te3, экструзия, термоэлектрические свойства, механические свойства.