bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOX11: friend or foe in tumor prevention and carcinogenesis?
Authors: Yang Zhi , Jiang Shuai , Lu Chenxi , Ji Ting , Yang Wenwen , Li Tian , Lv Jianjun , Hu Wei , Yang Yang , Jin Zhenxiao
Published: June 2019

Sex-determining region Y-related high-mobility-group box transcription factor 11 (SOX11) is an essential member of the SOX transcription factors and has been highlighted as an important regulator in embryogenesis. SOX11 studies have only recently shifted focus from its role in embryogenesis and development to its function in disease. In particular, the role of SOX11 in carcinogenesis has become of major interest in the field. SOX11 expression is elevated in a wide variety of tumors. In many cancers, dysfunctional expression of SOX11 has been correlated with increased cancer cell survival, inhibited cell differentiation, and tumor progression through the induction of metastasis and angiogenesis. Nevertheless, in a limited number of malignancies, SOX11 has also been identified to function as a tumor suppressor. Herein, we review the correlation between the expression of SOX11 and tumor behaviors. We also summarize the mechanisms underlying the regulation of SOX11 expression and activity in pathological conditions. In particular, we focus on the pathological processes of cancer targeted by SOX11 and discuss whether SOX11 is protective or detrimental during tumor progression. Moreover, SOX11 is highlighted as a clinical biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of various human cancer. The information reviewed here should assist in future experimental designs and emphasize the potential of SOX11 as a therapeutic target for cancer.
A New Coumaronochromone From Boerhaavia diffusa
Authors: Thuy Ta Thi , Thu Trang Nguyen Thi , Hoa Phung Nhu , Trang Phan Thi , Khoi Nguyen Minh , Hoang Vu Dinh , Tai Nguyen Van
Published: June 2019

A new coumaronochromone derivative, boeravinone R (5,7-dihydroxy-3´-methoxy-coumaronochromone) (1), together with 4 known compounds: β -sitosterol (2), oleic acid (3), physcion (4), and glutinol (5), was isolated from Boerhaavia diffusa L. growing in Vietnam. Their structures were determined based on spectroscopic and physicochemical analyses.
Nonradial Directional Distance Function for Measuring the Environmental Efficiency of the Chinese Iron and Steel Industry
Authors: Zhou Zhixiang , Wu Huaqing , Ding Tao , Xia Qiong
Published: June 2019

The present article constructs nonradial directional distance function (DDF) methods to measure and contribute to improving the industrial sustainability performance of the Chinese iron and steel industry. For such an energy-intensive industry, environmental efficiency measurement is an important way to implement the “energy-saving and emission-reduction” principle. We reformulate the nonradial DDF in the form of Second-Order Cone Programming in order to transform the traditional DDF into linear programming and provide accurate efficiency results. The new approach is utilized to calculate the performance of 30 major iron and steel makers in China. Both technical efficiency and overall efficiency are calculated to help the managers of inefficient iron and steelmakers find weaknesses. We find that nearly half of the steel makers are environmental inefficient, most of which are increasing return to scale. Furthermore, specific value of desirable output increase and undesirable output reduction are calculated for achieving efficiency. The study concludes with some remarks for energy-environment policy and industrial decision makers based on the empirical analysis and makes comparison study between the policies obtained in this study and the existing government policies.
New School Counselors’ Perceptions of Factors Influencing Their Roles as Leaders
Authors: Robinson Dawn M. , Mason Erin C. M. , McMahon H. George , Flowers Lea R. , Harrison Ariel
Published: June 2019

This qualitative study explored the experiences of new school counselors in establishing themselves as leaders in their schools. Specifically, it focused on factors this population perceives as promoting or impeding their role as leaders. We interviewed 12 participants in their first through third year as school counselors. Four themes emerged from the data including intrapersonal factors, sociocultural factors, systemic factors, and interactive factors. We discuss implications for counselor educators, district supervisors, and school counselors.
Attitudes Toward Different Types of Chinese-English Code-Switching
Authors: Liu Hong
Published: June 2019

This study investigates language attitudes held by Chinese-English bilinguals toward two types of switching to English in mandarin Chinese discourse, that is, intraclausal and interclausal switching. Participants with varying degrees of English proficiency were sampled from four cities in mainland China and one oversea city, London. A variation of matched-guise technique, open guise technique, was used to collect attitudinal responses toward code-switching. Quantitative analyses showed that the participants generally downgraded code-switching on social likability, with interclausal switching receiving the lowest ratings. In terms of social-economic status, however, interclausal switching was rated the highest and the intraclausal type the lowest. Such evaluative responses were consistent across genders and the cities of interest. The theoretical and methodological implications of the study are discussed.
Morbidity and mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with an age- and sex-matched control population: A nationwide register study
Authors: Løppenthin Katrine , Esbensen Bente Appel , Østergaard Mikkel , Ibsen Rikke , Kjellberg Jakob , Jennum Poul
Published: June 2019

Objective:

The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of morbidity and mortality in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods:

Data were obtained from national population-based registries in the period 1998–2009. Prior to the seropositive RA diagnosis (International Classification of Disorders 10th revision M05), we identified a total of 21,558 patients and 87,384 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Odds for morbidity were calculated before and after the RA diagnosis. We estimated the overall survival based on the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results:

Patients with RA had statistically significantly higher odds for a number of co-morbidities prior to the onset of RA including diseases of the musculoskeletal system (odds ratio (OR) 3.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.00–3.21), diseases involving the immune system (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.29–1.64), endocrine diseases (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01–1.17), diseases of the circulatory system (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03–1.14) and diseases of the respiratory system (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.22–1.38), compared with age- and sex-matched control subjects. After the RA diagnosis, the same trend was seen with higher odds for the same co-morbidities. We found a 5-year survival of 80% (95% CI 78–81%) for patients with RA, while for control subjects it was 88% (95% CI 88–89%).

Conclusion:

Compared with age- and sex-matched controls, patients with seropositive RA have higher odds for several co-morbidities prior to and, particularly, after the diagnosis of RA. Furthermore, patients with RA have a lower overall survival compared with age- and sex-matched controls.
Experimental assessment of biomechanical properties in human male elbow bone subjected to bending and compression loads
Authors: Singh Dilpreet , Rana Abhishek , Jhajhria Saroj Kaler , Garg Bhavuk , Pandey Pulak Mohan , Kalyanasundaram Dinesh
Published: June 2019

This work discusses the biomechanical testing of 3 elbow bones, namely the humerus, ulna, and radius. There is a need to identify the mechanical properties of the bones at the organ level. The following tests were performed: 3-point bending, fracture toughness, and axial compression. Six sets of whole-bone samples of human male cadaveric humerus, ulna, and radius (age of donor: 35 to 56 years) were tested. The results were analyzed for statistical significance by 2-stage, repeated-measure analysis of variance (ANOVA). The difference between the bending strength of the humerus, ulna, and radius was statistically significant ( P = .001) when compared to one another. However, the fracture toughness and compressive strength were observed to be similar for the 3 bones. The knowledge of mechanical properties of elbow bones can aid in the design of elbow implants and upper limb protection systems, and also allow us to identify criteria for injury. Further, knowledge of the mechanical properties of the elbow bones can aid in calibrating simulations through finite elements analysis.
Nanostructured akermanite glass-ceramic coating on Ti6Al4V for orthopedic applications
Authors: Marzban Kazem , Rabiee Sayed Mahmood , Zabihi Ebrahim , Bagherifard Sara
Published: June 2019

Glass ceramics are widely used to enhance the functionality of inert metallic materials typically used for hard-tissue engineering. Biofunctionality of glass ceramics can in turn be significantly boosted with the addition of trace element dopants. Herein, we synthesized a nanostructured glass ceramic and used magnesium (Mg), which is known to promote osteoblast adhesion and proliferation, for further functionalization. The nanostructured akermanite glass ceramic (Ca2MgSi2O7) was used to coat Ti6Al4V substrates by the sol-gel method. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as X-ray diffraction were used to assess the structural morphology and phase composition of the coating, respectively. The micrographs showed a uniform and crack-free coating structure. Atomic force microscopy observation revealed a disordered surface roughness for coated samples. In vitro cytocompatibility tests revealed that Saos-2 cells cultured on bare samples adopted a rounded morphology, whereas cells cultured on the coated samples represented a more spread out configuration and also increased proliferation. The characterizing tests confirmed the efficiency of the synthesis method and the in vitro biocompatibility of the synthesized coating, indicating its suitability to be used for bone implants.
“I Just Keep My Mouth Shut”: The Demobilization of Environmental Protest in Central Appalachia
Authors: Lewin Philip
Published: June 2019

This article investigates why people who take a stand against mining-related pollution sometimes abandon activism before resolving their grievances. Previous studies of this process have attributed demobilization to co-optation, violent repression, legitimation tactics, and lack of identity correspondence between movement participants and environmental justice organizations. To sharpen our understanding of why movement dissolution occurs, I investigate a case of demobilization that was not caused by these factors. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, in-depth interviews, and document analysis conducted in “Shale County,” a coal-producing community in Central Appalachia, I show how coal companies’ subtle, yet continuous, acts of obstruction, non-cooperation, and dissimulation prompted activists to withdraw from protest. My analysis contributes to the environmental sociology and social movements literatures by (1) expanding existing theory to account for an empirical anomaly; (2) explaining the role that subtle, under-the-radar social control tactics play in suppressing environmental movements; and (3) highlighting the social conditions that render these “clandestine kicks” and “invisible elbows” effective. The model of demobilization I develop underscores the way contextual factors moderate the effectivity of industrial counter-protest tactics and foreground the active, conjuncturally specific processes through which demobilization occurs.
Redefining the city and demolishing the rest: The techno-green fix in postcrash Cleveland, Ohio
Authors: Akers Joshua , Béal Vincent , Rousseau Max
Published: June 2019

This paper examines the techno-environmental urban policy that emerged in Cleveland, Ohio following the financial crisis, consisting primarily of mass demolition and greening programs, we argue this techno-green fix is an urban redevelopment strategy in shrinking cities that reshapes these places into manageable islands of urban development. Demolition and green reuse accelerated displacement without gentrification in long established low-income communities of color while reinforcing the racial hierarchies in US property markets. We demonstrate how the unevenness of the demolition program mirrors earlier racialized practices while adopting the rhetoric and strategy of “smart shrinkage.” We show that behind its neutral and scientific ambition, this strategy targets the most disadvantaged areas of the inner city. The market rational of these programs reproduces old patterns of racial segregation in the city. Finally, we show that the “green” dimension of this strategy is highly ambivalent. If “greening” is publicly presented as a means to benefit marginalized areas and residents, it is also used as a way to transfer the maintenance of urban services to poor residents on the city’s east side, to erase urban spaces, and to foster market dynamics.
Valuing plants in devalued spaces: Caring for Baltimore's Street trees
Authors: Shcheglovitova Mariya
Published: June 2019

Baltimore City, MD is addressing its future with expansive sustainability initiatives. These include an aggressive tree planting campaign to double the city's tree canopy by 2037. While discourses of greening present tree plantings and related programs as a resolution for the legacies of racist housing market practices, these programs are themselves subject to the legacies of spatial inequalities in access to infrastructural care. Sustainability discourses present urban trees as inherently valuable economically and environmentally but these discourses are disconnected from trees' needs for ongoing care and maintenance. The daily material practices of caring for and maintaining trees are deprioritized in favor of planting more trees to gain these supposedly “inherent” benefits. In the spaces where trees were meant to bring economic and environmental vitality, their deaths reinforce the racist legacies they claim to correct. This paper examines these links and contradictions within the framework of relational urban political ecology. Through a lens of care, this paper shows how humans and non/humans actively co-construct urban space and how just spaces can come about through attention to the needs of humans and non/humans.
Obstructive sleep apnea in patients with laryngeal cancer after supracricoid or vertical partial laryngectomy
Authors: Ouyang Lei , Yi Liang , Wang Lin , Tang Qinglai , Yang Xinming , Li Shisheng
Published: June 2019

Objective

To investigate whether partial laryngectomy is a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the effect of different partial laryngectomy methods on OSA.

Method

A prospective study was carried out involving 40 patients who underwent supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL) (24) or vertical partial laryngectomy (VPL) (16) for carcinoma of the larynx. Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and oxygen saturation determined by polysomnography (PSG), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) score, and body mass index (BMI) were evaluated in patients before surgery, on the day of tracheal tube removal and three months later. In patients who developed apnea, laryngoscopy, Muller's test, computer tomography (CT) and dynamic sleep magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed to assess the location of airway stenosis and collapse.

Results

The AHI ( P<0.001) increased and the lowest oxygen saturation ( P<0.001), ESS score ( P<0.001) and BMI ( P=0.017) decreased after extubation compared with before surgery. Three months after extubation, the same changes were found in AHI ( P<0.001) and the lowest oxygen saturation ( P<0.001), but the ESS score ( P<0.001) increased compared with that preoperatively. The AHI in the SCPL group was significantly higher than that in the VPL group post-operatively ( P=0.010), while the miniSpO2 in the SCPL group was lower than that of the VPL group ( P=0.022). Laryngoscopy showed that the patients with partial excision of the larynx had a narrowed retropalatal and retrolingual space post-operatively. Muller's test showed the collapse of the retropalatal and retrolingual space, and the CT scan showed that the tongue root was positioned lower in the SCPL group. Compared with the retropalatal and retrolingual space in the expiratory phase according to dynamic sleep MRI, the space in the inspiratory phase was clearly decreased.

Conclusion

Laryngeal function preservation surgery for laryngeal cancer results in the occurrence of OSA by altering the anatomical structure of the larynx and pharynx. OSA was more severe in patients undergoing SCPL than in patients undergoing VPL. The effect of partial laryngectomy on OSA may be related to the surgical method used.
Clinical indicators of treatment-resistant psychosis
Authors: Legge Sophie E. , Dennison Charlotte A. , Pardiñas Antonio F. , Rees Elliott , Lynham Amy J. , Hopkins Lucinda , Bates Lesley , Kirov George , Owen Michael J. , O'Donovan Michael C. , Walters James T.R.
Published: June 2019

Background

Around 30% of individuals with schizophrenia remain symptomatic and significantly impaired despite antipsychotic treatment and are considered to be treatment resistant. Clinicians are currently unable to predict which patients are at higher risk of treatment resistance.

Aims

To determine whether genetic liability for schizophrenia and/or clinical characteristics measurable at illness onset can prospectively indicate a higher risk of treatment-resistant psychosis (TRP).

Method

In 1070 individuals with schizophrenia or related psychotic disorders, schizophrenia polygenic risk scores (PRS) and large copy number variations (CNVs) were assessed for enrichment in TRP. Regression and machine-learning approaches were used to investigate the association of phenotypes related to demographics, family history, premorbid factors and illness onset with TRP.

Results

Younger age at onset (odds ratio 0.94,P= 7.79 × 10−13) and poor premorbid social adjustment (odds ratio 1.64,P= 2.41 × 10−4) increased risk of TRP in univariate regression analyses. These factors remained associated in multivariate regression analyses, which also found lower premorbid IQ (odds ratio 0.98,P= 7.76 × 10−3), younger father's age at birth (odds ratio 0.97,P= 0.015) and cannabis use (odds ratio 1.60,P= 0.025) increased the risk of TRP. Machine-learning approaches found age at onset to be the most important predictor and also identified premorbid IQ and poor social adjustment as predictors of TRP, mirroring findings from regression analyses. Genetic liability for schizophrenia was not associated with TRP.

Conclusions

People with an earlier age at onset of psychosis and poor premorbid functioning are more likely to be treatment resistant. The genetic architecture of susceptibility to schizophrenia may be distinct from that of treatment outcomes.
Management of Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms and Comorbidities
Authors: Tobin W. Oliver
Published: June 2019

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article discusses the prevalence, identification, and management of multiple sclerosis (MS)–related symptoms and associated comorbidities, including complications that can present at all stages of the disease course.

RECENT FINDINGS

The impact of comorbidities on the outcome of MS is increasingly recognized. This presents an opportunity to impact the course and outcome of MS by identifying and treating associated comorbidities that may be more amenable to treatment than the underlying inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease. The identification of MS-related symptoms and comorbidities is facilitated by brief screening tools, ideally completed by the patient and automatically entered into the patient record, with therapeutic suggestions for the provider. The development of free, open-source screening tools that can be integrated with electronic health records provides opportunities to identify and treat MS-related symptoms and comorbidities at an early stage.

Identification and management of MS-related symptoms and comorbidities can lead to improved outcomes, improved quality of life, and reduced disease activity. The use of brief patient-reported screening tools at or before the point of care can facilitate identification of symptoms and comorbidities that may be amenable to intervention.
Nasolaryngeal Distances in the Adult Population and an Evaluation of Commercially Available Nasotracheal Tubes
Authors: Massoth Christina , Schülke Christoph , Köppe Jeanette , Weiss Raphael , Pöpping Daniel , Dahrmann Michael , Zarbock Alexander , Wenk Manuel
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND:

Preformed nasal endotracheal tubes (NETs) come with a predefined insertion depth due to their curved design. While size indication refers to internal diameter, there is a considerable variability in the corresponding lengths and proportions of same-sized tubes of different manufacturers which is probably based on the lack of data of nasolaryngeal distances (NLDs) in the adult population. Choosing the best-fitting NET is therefore difficult and carries the risk of endobronchial intubation or, on the contrary, cuff inflation at the vocal cord level. The aim of this study was to develop a prediction model for NLD and a selection guide to choose the appropriate NET based on a radiographic description of NLD in comparison to the measurements of available NETs of several manufacturers.

METHODS:

After institutional ethics board review, 388 computed tomography (CT) scan images of head, neck, and upper thorax in a heterogeneous adult cohort were included. Mean distances from the nares to the lower border of the thyroid cartilage were measured. NETs from different manufacturers were measured and compared to the NLD derived from the radiographic analysis. The patients’ sex, body height, and weight were considered as possible covariates in quantile regression models for predicting the NLD.

RESULTS:

Data from 200 patients were analyzed. NLD was associated with sex, body height, and weight. A simple quantile regression model using the body height as the only covariate sufficed to achieve accurate predictions of NLD. Validation on independent test data showed that 92.8% of the NLD predictions were closer than ±20 mm to the observed NLD values. Measurements of equal-sized NETs varied considerably in outer diameter, proportion, the nasopharyngeal part, and guide marks. Length differences of the bend-to-cuff distance, containing the anatomically NLD, ranged between 218 and 270 mm at same sizes.

CONCLUSIONS:

A reliable prediction of NLD can be obtained simply by body height, using the formula JOURNAL/asag/04.03/00000539-202004000-00031/inline-graphic1/v/2023-07-21T062325Z/r/image-tiff . As manufacturers’ tube lengths vary substantially, additional information about the bend-to-cuff distance as corresponding tube section would allow for more accurate tube selection.
Anti-tumour effects of antimicrobial peptides, components of the innate immune system, against haematopoietic tumours in Drosophila mxc mutants
Authors: Araki Mayo , Kurihara Massanori , Kinoshita Suzuko , Awane Rie , Sato Tetsuya , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Inoue Yoshihiro H.
Published: June 2019

The innate immune response is the first line of defence against microbial infections. In Drosophila, two major pathways of the innate immune system (the Toll- and Imd-mediated pathways) induce the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) within the fat body. Recently, it has been reported that certain cationic AMPs exhibit selective cytotoxicity against human cancer cells; however, little is known about their anti-tumour effects. Drosophila mxcmbn1 mutants exhibit malignant hyperplasia in a larval haematopoietic organ called the lymph gland (LG). Here, using RNA-seq analysis, we found many immunoresponsive genes, including those encoding AMPs, to be upregulated in these mutants. Downregulation of these pathways by either a Toll or imd mutation enhanced the tumour phenotype of the mxc mutants. Conversely, ectopic expression of each of five different AMPs in the fat body significantly suppressed the LG hyperplasia phenotype in the mutants. Thus, we propose that the Drosophila innate immune system can suppress the progression of haematopoietic tumours by inducing AMP gene expression. Overexpression of any one of the five AMPs studied resulted in enhanced apoptosis in mutant LGs, whereas no apoptotic signals were detected in controls. We observed that two AMPs, Drosomycin and Defensin, were taken up by circulating haemocyte-like cells, which were associated with the LG regions and showed reduced cell-to-cell adhesion in the mutants. By contrast, the AMP Diptericin was directly localised at the tumour site without intermediating haemocytes. These results suggest that AMPs have a specific cytotoxic effect that enhances apoptosis exclusively in the tumour cells.
Civil Position in Childhood: Conceptual Grounds
Authors: Абраменкова Вера , Abramenkova Vera
Published: June 2019

The article offers an understanding of citizenship as a general orientation of the child to spiritual and moral values and readiness to protect them, which is especially vividly manifested in the dangerous circumstances of life - extreme situations. The author traces the brief genesis of the phenomenon of a child’s civic position in the context of a common understanding of the safe development of childhood as a successful child’s solving of developmental age tasks. For a child, a citizen is one who is fenced (protected), but who is himself capable of protecting (protecting) others. Examples of childish heroism and asceticism in history and modernity indicate the existence of an unknown constructive force of a child, while the pseudo-civil position of adolescent extremism, incorrect guidelines in the spiritual and moral sphere generate asocial and antisocial forms of behavior, which turns out to be destructive for the subject and society.
Uchodźczynie syryjskie w Turcji
Authors: Kanal Maria , Grzymała-Moszczyńska Halina
Published: June 2019

SYRIAN REFUGEES IN TURKEY. THE SPECIFICITY OF DEALING WITH THE SITUATION OF FORCED MIGRATIONThe article addresses the research question: “How do Syrian refugee women in Turkey cope with the problems related to the forced migration?”. The research findings are based on qualitative semi-structured interviews conducted in Hatay province, south-east Turkey. While presenting main categories of problems and coping strategies authors pay a special attention to the role of religion and culture in coping process. The theoretical framework of the study is based on such concepts as coping with stress (Lazarus and Folkman), religious coping (Pargament) and meaning-making (Park). Discussing the research findings authors also present the categories they found most representative to the Islamic cultural context.
New medical device regulations: the regulator’s view
Authors: Melvin Tom , Torre Marina
Published: June 2019

Advances in medical device technology have been dramatic in recent years resulting in both an increased number of medical devices and an increase in the invasiveness and critical function which devices perform. Two new regulations entered into force in Europe in May 2017, the Medical Device Regulation (MDR) and the In Vitro Diagnostic Device Regulation (IVDR). These regulations will replace the current directives over the coming years. These regulations, for the first time introduce requirements relating to registries. Medical device manufacturers are required to have systematic methods for examining their devices once available on the market, by systematically gathering, recording and analysing data on safety and performance. Registries can assist public health protection in very practical ways, for example, to help urgently identify patients or devices. Registries can also be powerful tools for collecting and appraising real-world clinical evidence concerning medical devices. Clinical investigations are limited in terms of the sample size and the duration of follow-up which can reasonably be expected. Registries may also be the only available tool to examine rare adverse effects, sub-populations or for time durations which it is not possible or feasible to study in a clinical investigation. By ensuring that a core dataset is collected which can be compared to other registries or trial data, it is possible to pool data to better examine outcomes. There are a range of excellent initiatives which have aimed at ensuring the appropriate regulatory application of registry data.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180061
Orthopaedic registries – the UK view (National Joint Registry): impact on practice
Authors: Porter Martyn , Armstrong Richard , Howard Peter , Porteous Matthew , Wilkinson J. Mark
Published: June 2019

The National Joint Registry (NJR) was established in 2002 as the result of an unexpectedly high failure rate of a cemented total hip replacement. Initial compliance with the Registry was low until data entry was mandated. Current case ascertainment is approximately 95% for primary procedures and 90% for revision procedures. The NJR links to other data sources to enrich the reporting processes. The NJR provides several web-based and open-access reports to the public and detailed confidential performance reports to individual surgeons, hospitals and industry bodies. A transparency and accountability process ensures that device and surgical performance are actively monitored on a six-monthly basis, and adverse variation is dealt with in an appropriate way that underpins patient safety. The NJR also manages a comprehensive research-ready database and data protection compliant access system that enables external researchers to use the dataset and perform independent analyses for patient benefit. Moving forwards, the NJR intends to look at factors that lead to better outcomes so that good practice can be embedded into routine care.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180084
Impact of hip arthroplasty registers on orthopaedic practice and perspectives for the future
Authors: Varnum Claus , Pedersen Alma Bečić , Rolfson Ola , Rogmark Cecilia , Furnes Ove , Hallan Geir , Mäkelä Keijo , de Steiger Richard , Porter Martyn , Overgaard Søren
Published: June 2019

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) registers are established in several countries to collect data aiming to improve the results after THA. Monitoring of adverse outcomes after THA has focused mainly on revision surgery, but patient-reported outcomes have also been investigated. Several surgery-related factors influencing the survival of the THA have been thoroughly investigated and have changed clinical practice. These factors include surgical approach, specific implants, the size of the components, type of fixation and different bone cements. Register data have been used to examine the risk of venous thromboembolism and bleeding after THA. These investigations have resulted in shorter duration of thromboprophylaxis and a reduced frequency of blood transfusion. Registers may provide specific information to surgeons on the outcome of all THAs that they have performed with a detailed analysis of revisions rates and reasons for the revisions. A number of other stakeholders can use register data to provide benchmarks. The National Joint Registry for England, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man supplies data to the Orthopaedic Device Evaluation Panel (ODEP), which provides benchmarks at 3, 5, 7, 10, and 13 years graded from A*, A, B and C. Future perspectives: National registers have to play a major role in documenting the quality of THA in order to describe best practice and report implant outliers. The registers have to be used for research and post-market surveillance and register data may be a source for intelligent decision tools.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180091
As Universidades e as Transformações na Educação Superior: Um Estudo sobre a Teoria da Complexidade
Authors: Casella Galli Carolina
Published: June 2019

Este artigo se configura como um ensaio teórico e tem como objetivo discutir a problemática sobre como as universidades podem ser compreendidas à luz da teoria da complexidade. Isso se explica porque, para além da natureza complexa das organizações de ensino, é observado que as universidades vêm respondendo frente à complexidade do contexto de transformação da educação superior. Para isso, foram utilizados os conceitos de sistemas adaptativos complexos e de organização auto-organizante, de processos interpretativos e de compartilhamento de significados, além de artigos sobre o tema. Associados, esses conceitos contribuem, especialmente no contexto da educação superior brasileira, para o melhor conhecimento de como a teoria da complexidade pode ser útil no entendimento do ensino superior para além da lógica mercadológica existente, propondo a articulação da teoria com outros temas relacionados à educação, como a gestão universitária acadêmica e o desenvolvimento profissional de alunos e professores, por exemplo.
Fixation of ankle fractures – a major trauma centre’s experience in improving quality
Authors: Whitehouse S , Mason LW , Jayatilaka L , Molloy AP
Published: June 2019

Background

Ankle fracture malreduction has been shown to result in poor long-term functional outcomes. Varying methods can be used to change practice and thereby outcomes. We present over four years’ worth of results with the effects of different techniques for change.

Methods

Two audit cycles were performed incorporating three audit data collections; an initial standard setting audit in 2013, with re-audits in 2015 and 2017. Between the first and second audit was a period of education and reflection. Between the second and third audit there was a change in process in ankle fracture management supported by education. Image intensifier films were reviewed on the hospital picture archiving and communication system, by at least two blinded observers in each cycle. These were scored based on the criteria published by Pettrone et al.

Results

In the initial audit in 2013, there were 94 patients, with a malreduction rate of 33%. In the second audit in 2015, there were 68 patients, with an increase in malreduction rate to 43.8%. In the third audit in 2017, there were 205 patients, with a significant decrease in malreduction rate to 2.4%. The final major complication rate was 0.98%. The rate of deep infection was 0.5%.

Conclusions

By recognising and addressing the need to improve the quality of ankle fracture fixation, we have made significant improvements in radiological outcomes. Education alone, without system change, was not successful in our department in achieving improved outcomes.
Conservative management of diffuse cavernous haemangioma of the sigmoid and rectum
Authors: Cotzias E , Rehman SF , Arsalani Zadeh R , Smith D
Published: June 2019

Diffuse cavernous haemangioma is a rare disease of the rectum. It usually presents with a history of rectal bleeding in children and young adults. When conservative methods fail to control bleeding, traditionally resection is recommended. A 50-year-old man presented with per rectal bleeding and was diagnosed with diffuse cavernous haemangioma of the sigmoid and rectum extending up to 40 cm in the left colon through endoscopy, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. The diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy. This patient was successful managed conservatively with tranexamic acid as needed, avoiding the need for resection.
Combining Common Sense Rules and Machine Learning to Understand Object Manipulation
Authors: Sárkány András , Csákvári Máté , Olasz Mike
Published: June 2019

Automatic situation understanding in videos has improved remarkably in recent years. However, state-of-the-art methods still have considerable shortcomings: they usually require training data for each object class present and may have high false positive or false negative rates, making them impractical for general applications. We study a case that has a limited goal in a narrow context and argue about the complexity of the general problem. We suggest to solve this problem by including common sense rules and by exploiting various state-of-the art deep neural networks (DNNs) as the detectors of the conditions of those rules.

We want to deal with the manipulation of unknown objects at a remote table. We have two action types to be detected: `picking up an object from the table' and `putting an object onto the table' and due to remote monitoring, we consider monocular observation. We quantitatively evaluate the performance of the system on manually annotated video segments, present precision and recall scores. We also discuss issues on machine reasoning. We conclude that the proposed neural-symbolic approach a) diminishes the required size of training data and b) enables new applications where labeled data are difficult or expensive to get.
Ciência da informação, tecnologia e sociedade
Authors: Roza Rodrigo Hipólito
Published: June 2019

As Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) são responsáveis, em grande parte, pelas diversas transformações ocorridas na atual sociedade, denominada sociedade da informação por alguns autores. Esta importância atribuída às TICs pode, no entanto, levar a abordagens meramente tecnológicas para tratamento das questões informacionais atuais. O objetivo deste artigo foi abordar a perspectiva da ciência da informação sobre as transformações sociais alicerçadas nos avanços tecnológicos. Assim, a ciência da informação é apresentada como área interdisciplinar de conhecimento, cujas dimensões humanas e sociais vão além das tecnologias, fornecendo uma visão mais ampla sobre a realidade baseada nos recursos tecnológicos, essencial para a compreensão e desenvolvimento da sociedade da informação.
Alpha-ketoglutarate affects murine embryo development through metabolic and epigenetic modulations
Authors: Zhang Zhenzhen , He Changjiu , Zhang Lu , Zhu Tianqi , Lv Dongying , Li Guangdong , Song Yukun , Wang Jing , Wu Hao , Ji Pengyun , Liu Guoshi
Published: June 2019

α-Ketoglutarate (α-KG) is an intermediary metabolite in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and functions to inhibit ATPase and maintain the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs); however, little is known regarding the effects of α-KG on the development of preimplantation embryos. Herein, we report that α-KG (150 μM) treatment significantly promoted the blastocyst rate, the number of inner cell mass (ICM) cells and foetal growth after embryo transfer. Mechanistic studies revealed two important pathways involved in the α-KG effects on embryo development. First, α-KG modulates mitochondria function by inducing relatively low ATP production without modification of mitochondrial copy number. The relatively low energy metabolism preserves the pluripotency and competence of the ICM. Second, α-KG modifies epigenetics in embryos cultured in vitro by affecting the activity of the DNA demethylation enzyme TET and the DNA methylation gene Dnmt3a to increase the ratio of 5hmC/5mC ratio. Elevation of the 5hmC/5mC ratio not only promotes the pluripotency of the ICM but also leads to a methylation level in an in vitro embryo close to that in an in vivo embryo. All these functions of α-KG collectively contribute to an increase in the number of ICM cells, leading to greater adaptation of cultured embryos to in vitro conditions and promoting foetal growth after embryo transfer. Our findings provide basic knowledge regarding the mechanisms by which α-KG affects embryo development and cell differentiation.
Association of Uric Acid and C-reactive Protein with the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease Using SYNTAX Score and Clinical SYNTAX Score
Authors: Xing Yu , Guo Jing-Tao , Gai Lu-Yue , Liu Bo , Luo Dong-Lei
Published: June 2019

Background: The SYNTAX score (SXscore), an anatomical-based scoring tool reflecting the complexity of coronary anatomy, has been associated with the mortality and prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Clinical SYNTAX score (CSS), incorporating clinical factors further augmented the utility of the SXscore to longer-term risk. C-reactive protein (CRP) is related to SXscore. Serum uric acid (UA) is associated with atherosclerosis and CAD. However, serum uric acid combined with CRP may better predict the SXscore and CSS.
Methods: A total of 208 patients (mean age 57.82 ± 9.39 years) with chest pain were included in this study. All selected subjects underwent coronary artery angiography and blood test. The relationship between serum UA, CRP and SXscore, and CSS were analyzed.
Results: Age and CRP had a positive correlation with SXs and CSS. DM and fasting glucose correlated with SXscore and CSS respectively. In multivariate regression, serum UA, age, fasting glucose, and body mass index (BMI) were significant discriminant factors of high CSS. The predictive accuracy of CRP for SXscore >0 and high CSS using receiver operator characteristic curves was set at the cut off point of 0.205 mg/dL and 0.145 mg/dL respectively, (sensitivity 70.9% and 98%, specialty 48% and 23.2%).
Conclusion: Serum CRP is correlated with SXscore and CSS, serum UA is independently associated with CSS. CRP predicts high CSS at a lower level than it predicts SXscore. Thus, serum CRP combined with serum UA may be useful to predict SXscore and CSS.
The Discharge Mechanism for Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Erika Nagai , Arthur Timothy S. , Bonnick Patrick , Suto Koji , John Muldoon
Published: June 2019

The electrochemical discharge mechanism is reported for all-solid lithium sulfur batteries. Upon milling with carbon fibers, the solid electrolyte used within the cathode composite becomes electrochemically active. Analysis with Raman spectroscopy and XPS revealed the importance of bridging S-S bond formation and breaking in lithium polysulfidophosphates during electrochemical lithiation of the active solid electrolyte. Remarkably, when sulfur is introduced as an active material in the cathode composite, lithium polysulfides are formed as an intermediate product before full lithiation into lithium sulfide. The synthesis of materials based on bridging S-S bonds is an important avenue to the design of new cathodes for allsolid batteries.
Interfuel substitution: the case of the Nigerian industrial sector
Authors: Adeyemo O.O. , Mabugu R. , Hassan R.H.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this paper is to investigate energy substitution possibility among the fuel types used in the industrial sector of the Nigerian economy. An econometric model, utilizing the translog cost func-tion, is estimated for nine major industries in the industrial sector - non-metal, basic metal, fabricated metal, chemicals, food and beverages, paper, tex-tile, wood and others. Fuels are aggregated into four categories: electricity, oil, gas and coal. The model is estimated using time series data over the period 1970 - 2000. The results vary across the industries for different fuels. The conclusion provides future directions for interfuel substitution in the industrial sector of the Nigerian economy.
Developing ESCo procedures for large telecommunication facilities using novel simulation techniques
Authors: Van Rensburg J.F. , Geyser M.F. , Kleingeld M. , Mathews E.H.
Published: June 2019

Peak electricity demand in South Africa will exceed the available operational generation capacity in 2007. The state utility, Eskom, is addressing this challenge, inter alia, with the implementation of a national Demand-side Management (DSM) initia-tive. Studies in South Africa have shown that 20%of the total municipal energy is utilised in commer-cial buildings. Telecommunication companies own and operate a large portfolio of diverse buildings within the municipal boundaries. Energy Services Company (ESCO) analyses on these buildings showed huge savings as well as load reduction opportunities. ESCOs however face major prob-lems in evaluating DSM projects on telecommuni-cation facilities. To address these problems a new ESCO procedure for telecommunications facilities was developed and successfully implemented. It was proven that the new ESCO procedure is suc-cessful in solving the unique problems in perform-ing ESCO analyses for telecommunications facili-ties.
Make LB agar plates to grown bacteria without antibiotic selection. v1
Authors: Research UK / Wellcome Gurdon Institute media kitchen Cancer
Published: June 2019

Make LB agar plates to grown bacteria without antibiotic selection.
Acolorir l'Olivera
Authors: Griera Padrosa Rafel
Published: June 2019

L'Olívia no té prejudicis, ni por al ridícul. Crec que és la persona més lliure que conec. Intenta fer el que li rota però no sempre li deixen, és clar. Aquest control de la sevallibertat, que amb els anys esdevindrà autocontrol -si no decideix ser artista, diria el seu pare- no l'accepta bé, però de moment, o a mi m'ho sembla, li passa aviat. Sir KenRobinson va fer un estudi on es demostrava la pèrdua d'imaginació que es va perdent any rere any amb un sistema educatiu -el nostre- hereu de la revolució industrial. Lescoses potser estan canviant i l'Olívia potser no perdrà capacitat imaginativa, ni l'atraparan les pors i els prejudicis. Així ho desitjo. Si em baso en gran part delsalumnes que ens arriben a la facultat, però, només puc enyorar aquells anys on tot era un joc. No va ser aquesta la raó per la qual vaig voler ser artista, però ara ho tinc clar,un dels avantatges de ser artista és poder jugar com un nen.
Hacia una didáctica de la lengua minorizada en contextos de asimilación lingüística. Algunas aportaciones desde la teoría
Authors: Campos Bandrés Iris Orosia
Published: June 2019

Actualmente, alrededor de 120 lenguas europeas son denominadas como regionales o minoritarias y solo el 10% de los idiomas del mundo están fuera de riesgo de desaparición. Uno de los principales campos para la protección de las lenguas en peligro es el educativo. Sin embargo, algunos territorios plurilingües todavía no otorgan a sus lenguas propias un estatus suficiente para garantizar su supervivencia. No obstante, en estos contextos de asimilación lingüística, donde los modelos de educación multilingüe no tienen cabida, pueden resultar relevantes algunas claves que mejoren en cierta medida la situación de la lengua minorizada en las aulas. Para desarrollarlas, se revisan los trabajos de Arnau y Mendoza y los principios de la Sociodidáctica de las Lenguas.
La tradición oral en las aulas de Educación Primaria: Un enfoque etnopluricultural del aprendizaje del español como segunda lengua
Authors: Asensio Pastor Margarita Isabel
Published: June 2019

La migración supone un reto para los docentes de educación obligatoria en todo el mundo., El sistema educativo ha de trabajar en varias líneas para que el alumno extranjero se integre y pase a ser ciudadano de pleno derecho. Por un lado, trabajar la educación intercultural y, por tanto, dotar a los estudiantes de la competencia comunicativa necesaria para desarrollarse académica y socialmente y, por el otro, abrir caminos para el respeto, el diálogo y la interrelación cultural. Así pues, este artículo plantea una serie de reflexiones de índole metodológico y propuestas didácticas para abordar la enseñanza de segundas lenguas desde un enfoque etnopluricultural. En este sentido, la tradición oral ofrece más ventajas que inconvenientes: colabora en el proceso de respeto de la etnicidad y la construcción sana de una identidad poliédrica del alumnado, refuerza la autoestima, fomenta el plurilingüismo y el respecto a la pluriculturalidad y también colabora en el desarrollo de las actividades comunicativas de la lengua (comprender, expresar, interpretar y mediar).
Minority entrepreneurship
Authors: Hornsby Gilpatrick D
Published: June 2019

The body of literature around minority entrepreneurship has been well established over the past few decades. Research however in the context of the hospitality industry on this topic has been lacking. Therefore a goal of this study was to examine the minority entrepreneur experience in the hospitality industry in order to fill this gap in the literature. Specifically, the purpose of the study was to examine black entrepreneurs. Participants discussed their personal definition of entrepreneurship, the challenges they faced while growing the business, and how they believe race impacted their success as a business owner. Responses were analyzed and future directions identified.