bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Framework for Spatial and Temporal Monitoring of Urban Forest and Vegetation Conditions: Case Study Zagreb, Croatia
Authors: Krtalić Andrija , Linardić Dario , Pernar Renata
Published: May 2021

Urban forest and vegetation conditions are an important variable in urban ecosystem management decision-making. However, it is difficult to evaluate and monitor solely on the basis of field measurements. Remote sensing technologies can greatly contribute to the faster extraction and mapping of vegetation health status indicators, on the basis of which agronomy and forestry experts can draw conclusions about the condition of urban vegetation in larger areas. A new remote sensing-based urban forest and vegetation cover monitoring framework is presented and applied to a case study of the city of Zagreb, Croatia. In this study, Sentinel-2 multi-temporal imagery was used to derive and analyze the current state of urban forest cover. Vegetation indices (NDVI, RVI, and GRVI) were calculated. K-means unsupervised classification of the vegetation indices was conducted. In this way, the dimensionality of the vegetation indices was reduced, while all the data contained in it were used to represent their graded values. Vegetation that was in a poor condition stood out better that way. Finally, PCA-based change detection was performed on the vegetation indices graded values, and a map of change was produced. These results need to be interpreted and validated by foresters and agronomists in further research.
Analytical Analysis of Fractional-Order Multi-Dimensional Dispersive Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Zhou Shuang-Shuang , Areshi Mounirah , Agarwal Praveen , Shah Nehad Ali , Chung Jae Dong , Nonlaopon Kamsing
Published: May 2021

In this paper, a novel technique called the Elzaki decomposition method has been using to solve fractional-order multi-dimensional dispersive partial differential equations. Elzaki decomposition method results for both integer and fractional orders are achieved in series form, providing a higher convergence rate to the suggested technique. Illustrative problems are defined to confirm the validity of the current technique. It is also researched that the conclusions of the fractional-order are convergent to an integer-order result. Moreover, the proposed method results are compared with the exact solution of the problems, which has confirmed that approximate solutions are convergent to the exact solution of each problem as the terms of the series increase. The accuracy of the method is examined with the help of some examples. It is shown that the proposed method is found to be reliable, efficient and easy to use for various related problems of applied science.
Research on a Control Strategy of the Symmetrical Four-Roller Bending Process Based on Experiment and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Cao Hongqiang , Yu Gaochao , Yang Chunfang , Zhao Jun
Published: May 2021

The intelligent production of sheet metal is a comprehensive technology involving control science, computer science, and sheet metal production. Intelligent rolling is an important development in the production process of sheet metal. In this paper, a new symmetrical four-roller bending (SFRB) process is introduced, which consists of feeding, pre-bending, reverse roll bending, second bending, and forward roll bending and unloading. A control strategy is proposed for the process, including on-line monitoring of curvature, on-line identification of the springback law, on-line prediction of final reduction, and control strategy. A convenient and reliable on-line curvature monitoring method is proposed. The quantitative relationship between the reduction and the curvature, in the form of a quadratic function, was established by physical experiments and numerical simulation, and the online identification of the springback law was realized. An on-line prediction method of the final reduction is proposed, and the determination principle of the reduction of three pre-bending processes is given. Finally, the control strategy of the SFRB process was verified by physical experiments. The relative error of the curvature radius of the final formed parts can be controlled within 0.8%. This research provides new insights into intelligent rolling.
Derivative-Free Iterative Methods with Some Kurchatov-Type Accelerating Parameters for Solving Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , Jin Yingfanghua , Zhao Yali
Published: May 2021

Some Kurchatov-type accelerating parameters are used to construct some derivative-free iterative methods with memory for solving nonlinear systems. New iterative methods are developed from an initial scheme without memory with order of convergence three. New methods have the convergence order 2+5≈4.236 and 5, respectively. The application of new methods can solve standard nonlinear systems and nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in numerical experiments. Numerical results support the theoretical results.
Multiple Granulation Rough Set Approach to Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Ordered Information Systems
Authors: Li Zhen , Zhang Xiaoyan
Published: May 2021

As a further extension of the fuzzy set and the intuitive fuzzy set, the interval-valued intuitive fuzzy set (IIFS) is a more effective tool to deal with uncertain problems. However, the classical rough set is based on the equivalence relation, which do not apply to the IIFS. In this paper, we combine the IIFS with the ordered information system to obtain the interval-valued intuitive fuzzy ordered information system (IIFOIS). On this basis, three types of multiple granulation rough set models based on the dominance relation are established to effectively overcome the limitation mentioned above, which belongs to the interdisciplinary subject of information theory in mathematics and pattern recognition. First, for an IIFOIS, we put forward a multiple granulation rough set (MGRS) model from two completely symmetry positions, which are optimistic and pessimistic, respectively. Furthermore, we discuss the approximation representation and a few essential characteristics for the target concept, besides several significant rough measures about two kinds of MGRS symmetry models are discussed. Furthermore, a more general MGRS model named the generalized MGRS (GMGRS) model is proposed in an IIFOIS, and some important properties and rough measures are also investigated. Finally, the relationships and differences between the single granulation rough set and the three types of MGRS are discussed carefully by comparing the rough measures between them in an IIFOIS. In order to better utilize the theory to realistic problems, an actual case shows the methods of MGRS models in an IIFOIS is given in this paper.
Simulation and Analysis of Indoor Air Quality in Florida Using Time Series Regression (TSR) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) Models
Authors: Zhang He , Srinivasan Ravi , Yang Xu
Published: May 2021

Exposures to air pollutants have been associated with various acute respiratory diseases and detrimental human health. Analysis and further interpretation of air pollutant patterns are correspondingly important as monitoring them. In the present study, the 24-h and four-month indoor and outdoor PM2.5, PM10, NO2, relative humidity, and temperature were measured simultaneously for a laboratory in Gainesville city, Florida. The indoor PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 concentrations were predicted using multiple linear regression (MLR), time series regression (TSR), and artificial neural networks (ANN) models. The modeling conducted in this study aims to perform a cross comparison study between these models in a symmetric environment. The value of root-mean-square error was improved by 18.33% in comparison with the MLR model. In addition, the value of the coefficient of determination was improved by 24.68%. The ANN model had the best performance and could predict the target air pollutants at 10-min intervals of the studied building with 90% accuracy levels. The TSR model showed slightly better performance compared to the MLR model. These results can be accordingly referred for studies analyzing indoor air quality in similar building types and climate zones.
Shock Structure and Relaxation in the Multi-Component Mixture of Euler Fluids
Authors: Madjarević Damir , Pavić-Čolić Milana , Simić Srboljub
Published: May 2021

The shock structure problem is studied for a multi-component mixture of Euler fluids described by the hyperbolic system of balance laws. The model is developed in the framework of extended thermodynamics. Thanks to the equivalence with the kinetic theory approach, phenomenological coefficients are computed from the linearized weak form of the collision operator. Shock structure is analyzed for a three-component mixture of polyatomic gases, and for various combinations of parameters of the model (Mach number, equilibrium concentrations and molecular mass ratios). The analysis revealed that three-component mixtures possess distinguishing features different from the binary ones, and that certain behavior may be attributed to polyatomic structure of the constituents. The multi-temperature model is compared with a single-temperature one, and the difference between the mean temperatures of the mixture are computed. Mechanical and thermal relaxation times are computed along the shock profiles, and revealed that the thermal ones are smaller in the case discussed in this study.
Correlations between Low Doses of Zearalenone, Its Carryover Factor and Estrogen Receptor Expression in Different Segments of the Intestines in Pre-Pubertal Gilts—A Study Protocol
Authors: Gajęcka Magdalena , Mróz Magdalena , Brzuzan Paweł , Onyszek Ewa , Zielonka Łukasz , Lipczyńska-Ilczuk Karolina , Przybyłowicz Katarzyna E. , Babuchowski Andrzej , Gajęcki Maciej T.
Published: May 2021

Plant materials can be contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins and their derivatives, whose toxic effects on humans and animals may remain subclinical. Zearalenone (ZEN), a low-molecular-weight compound, is produced by molds in crop plants as a secondary metabolite. The objective of this study will be to analyze the in vivo correlations between very low monotonic doses of ZEN (5, 10, and 15 μg ZEN/kg body weight—BW for 42 days) and the carryover of this mycotoxin and its selected metabolites from the intestinal contents to the intestinal walls, the mRNA expression of estrogen receptor alfa (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) genes, and the mRNA expression of genes modulating selected colon enzymes (CYP1A1 and GSTP1) in the intestinal mucosa of pre-pubertal gilts. An in vivo experiment will be performed on 60 clinically healthy animals with initial BW of 14.5 ± 2 kg. The gilts will be randomly divided into a control group (group C, n = 15) and three experimental groups (group ZEN5, group ZEN10, and group ZEN15; n = 15). Group ZEN5 will be administered per os 5 μg ZEN/kg BW (MABEL), group ZEN10—10 μg ZEN/kg BW (NOAEL), and group ZEN15—15 µg ZEN/kg BW (low LOAEL). In each group, five animals will be euthanized on analytical dates 1 (exposure day 7), 2 (exposure day 21), and 3 (exposure day 42). Samples for in vitro analyses will be collected from an intestinal segment resected from the following regions: the third (horizontal) part of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, and descending colon. The experimental material will be collected under special conditions, and it will be transported to specialist laboratories where samples will be obtained for further analyses.
Expanded Haemodialysis as a Current Strategy to Remove Uremic Toxins
Authors: Ciceri Paola , Cozzolino Mario
Published: May 2021

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the retention of solutes named uremic toxins, which strongly associate with high morbidity and mortality. Mounting evidence suggests that targeting uremic toxins and/or their pathways may decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease in CKD patients. Dialysis therapies have been developed to improve removal of uremic toxins. Advances in our understanding of uremic retention solutes as well as improvements in dialysis membranes and techniques (HDx, Expanded Hemodialysis) will offer the opportunity to ameliorate clinical symptoms and outcomes, facilitate personalized and targeted dialysis treatment, and improve quality of life, morbidity and mortality.
Hypoglycin A in Cow’s Milk—A Pilot Study
Authors: Bochnia Mandy , Ziegler Jörg , Glatter Maren , Zeyner Annette
Published: May 2021

Hypoglycin A (HGA) originating from soapberry fruits (litchi, and ackee) seeds or seedlings from the sycamore maple (SM) tree (related to Sapindaceae) may cause Jamaican vomiting sickness in humans and atypical myopathy in horses and ruminants. A possible transfer into dairy cow’s milk cannot be ruled out since the literature has revealed HGA in the milk of mares and in the offal of captured deer following HGA intoxication. From a study, carried out for another purpose, bulk raw milk samples from four randomly selected dairy farms were available. The cows were pastured in the daytime. A sycamore maple tree was found on the pasture of farm No. 1 only. Bulk milk from the individual tank or milk filling station was sampled in parallels and analyzed for HGA by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Measurable concentrations of HGA occurred only in milk from farm No. 1 and amounted to 120 and 489 nmol/L. Despite low and very variable HGA concentrations, the results indicate that the ingested toxin, once eaten, is transferred into the milk. However, it is unknown how much HGA the individual cow ingested during grazing and what amount was transferred into the bulk milk samples. As a prerequisite for a possible future safety assessment, carry-over studies are needed. Furthermore, the toxins’ stability during milk processing should also be investigated as well.
Gaps in Infection Prevention and Control in Public Health Facilities of Sierra Leone after the 2014–2015 Ebola Outbreak
Authors: Squire James Sylvester , Conteh Imurana , Abrahamya Arpine , Maruta Anna , Grigoryan Ruzanna , Tweya Hannock , Timire Collins , Hann Katrina , Zachariah Rony , Vandi Mohamed Alex
Published: May 2021

Background: High compliance to infection prevention and control (IPC) is vital to prevent health care-associated infections. In the worst 2014–2015 Ebola-affected district in Sierra Leone (Kenema), we assessed (a) average yearly IPC compliance (2016–2018) using a National IPC assessment tool in the district hospital and peripheral health units (PHUs), and (b) gaps in IPC activities, infrastructure and consumables in 2018. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using secondary program data. Results: At the district hospital, compliance increased from 69% in 2016 to 73% in 2018 (expected minimal threshold = 70%; desired threshold ≥ 85%). Compliance for screening/isolation facilities and decontamination of medical equipment reached 100% in 2018. The two thematic areas with the lowest compliance were sanitation (44%) and sharps safety (56%). In PHUs (2018), the minimal 70% compliance threshold was not achieved in two (of 10 thematic areas) for Community Health Centers, four for Community Health Posts, and five for Maternal and Child Health Units. The lowest compliance was for screening and isolation facilities (range: 33–53%). Conclusion: This baseline assessment is an eye opener of what is working and what is not, and can be used to galvanize political, financial, and material resources to bridge the existing gaps.
Taxonomy of Dark Energy Models
Authors: Motta Verónica , García-Aspeitia Miguel A. , Hernández-Almada Alberto , Magaña Juan , Verdugo Tomás
Published: May 2021

The accelerated expansion of the Universe is one of the main discoveries of the past decades, indicating the presence of an unknown component: the dark energy. Evidence of its presence is being gathered by a succession of observational experiments with increasing precision in its measurements. However, the most accepted model for explaining the dynamic of our Universe, the so-called Lambda cold dark matter, faces several problems related to the nature of such energy component. This has led to a growing exploration of alternative models attempting to solve those drawbacks. In this review, we briefly summarize the characteristics of a (non-exhaustive) list of dark energy models as well as some of the most used cosmological samples. Next, we discuss how to constrain each model’s parameters using observational data. Finally, we summarize the status of dark energy modeling.
Effect of Fast Scale Factor Fluctuations on Cosmological Evolution
Authors: Smolyaninov Igor I.
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we study the corrections to the Friedmann equations due to fast fluctuations in the universe scale factor. Such fast quantum fluctuations were recently proposed as a potential solution to the cosmological constant problem. They also induce strong changes to the current sign and magnitude of the average cosmological force, thus making them one of the potential probable causes of the modification of Newtonian dynamics in galaxy-scale systems. It appears that quantum fluctuations in the scale factor also modify the Friedmann equations, leading to a considerable modification of cosmological evolution. In particular, they give rise to the late-time accelerated expansion of the universe, and they may also considerably modify the effective universe potential.
Advancing Behavioural Theories in Sustainable Mobility: A Research Agenda
Authors: Chng Samuel
Published: May 2021

Ensuring that the growing mobility demand is met in a sustainable manner is important for our climate goals, and this would require changes to our current mobility behaviours. Behaviour and behaviour change theories have an important role in informing the mobility behaviour research and practices that seek to achieve these changes, and this paper discusses the application of these theories in both research and practice. Newer and more comprehensive theories have been developed in this area in the last decade, improving the quality of theories available. However, two key challenges of using theories are identified. The great number of theories today makes it challenging when deciding what and when to use them, and the appropriateness of many theories are either too simplistic or too complex. Thus, there is a need to critically review the state of theories in this area and identify ways to advance our application and development of behavioural theories. Here, two suggestions are put forward on how we can address these challenges while advancing the use of theories in mobility behaviour research and practice. First, integrate and summarise multiple, individual theories into a comprehensive and accessible framework for researchers and practitioners. Second, expand this framework beyond behaviour and behaviour-change theories by mapping out their interconnections with theories from other paradigms and disciplines using a systems approach to facilitate a more holistic theorisation.
An MHV-68 Mutator Phenotype Mutant Virus, Confirmed by CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Editing of the Viral DNA Polymerase Gene, Shows Reduced Viral Fitness
Authors: Trompet Erika , Temblador Arturo , Gillemot Sarah , Topalis Dimitrios , Snoeck Robert , Andrei Graciela
Published: May 2021

Drug resistance studies on human γ-herpesviruses are hampered by the absence of an in vitro system that allows efficient lytic viral replication. Therefore, we employed murine γ-herpesvirus-68 (MHV-68) that efficiently replicates in vitro as a model to study the antiviral resistance of γ-herpesviruses. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of resistance to nucleoside (ganciclovir (GCV)), nucleotide (cidofovir (CDV), HPMP-5azaC, HPMPO-DAPy) and pyrophosphate (foscarnet (PFA)) analogues and the impact of these drug resistance mutations on viral fitness. Viral fitness was determined by dual infection competition assays, where MHV-68 drug-resistant viral clones competed with the wild-type virus in the absence and presence of antivirals. Using next-generation sequencing, the composition of the viral populations was determined at the time of infection and after 5 days of growth. Antiviral drug resistance selection resulted in clones harboring mutations in the viral DNA polymerase (DP), denoted Y383SGCV, Q827RHPMP-5azaC, G302WPFA, K442TPFA, G302W+K442TPFA, C297WHPMPO-DAPy and C981YCDV. Without antiviral pressure, viral clones Q827RHPMP-5azaC, G302WPFA, K442TPFA and G302W+K442TPFA grew equal to the wild-type virus. However, in the presence of antivirals, these mutants had a growth advantage over the wild-type virus that was moderately to very strongly correlated with antiviral resistance. The Y383SGCV mutant was more fit than the wild-type virus with and without antivirals, except in the presence of brivudin. The C297W and C981Y changes were associated with a mutator phenotype and had a severely impaired viral fitness in the absence and presence of antivirals. The mutator phenotype caused by C297W in MHV-68 DP was validated by using a CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing approach.
Evaluation of the Function of the ASFV KP177R Gene, Encoding for Structural Protein p22, in the Process of Virus Replication and in Swine Virulence
Authors: Vuono Elizabeth A. , Ramirez-Medina Elizabeth , Pruitt Sarah , Rai Ayushi , Espinoza Nallely , Velazquez-Salinas Lauro , Gladue Douglas P. , Borca Manuel V.
Published: May 2021

African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a devastating disease of swine that has caused outbreaks in Central Europe since 2007, spreading into Asia in 2018. ASFV is a large, structurally complex virus with a large dsDNA genome encoding for more than 160 genes, most of them still uncharacterized. p22, encoded by the ASFV gene KP177R, is an early transcribed, structural virus protein located in the ASFV particle. Although its exact function is unknown, p22 has recently been identified as an interacting partner of several host proteins. Here, we describe the development of a recombinant ASFV (ASFV-G-∆KP177R) lacking the KP177R gene as a tool to evaluate the role of p22 in virus replication and virulence in swine. The recombinant ASFV-G-∆KP177R demonstrated that the KP177R gene is non-essential for ASFV replication in primary swine macrophages, with virus yields similar to those of the parental, highly virulent field isolate Georgia2010 (ASFV-G). In addition, experimental infection of domestic pigs with ASFV-G-∆KP177R produced a clinical disease similar to that caused by the parental ASFV-G. Therefore, and surprisingly, p22 does not seem to be involved in virus replication or virulence in swine.
A Novel Broad Host Range Phage Infecting Alteromonas
Authors: Feng Xuejin , Yan Wei , Wang Anan , Ma Ruijie , Chen Xiaowei , Lin Ta-Hui , Chen Yi-Lung , Wei Shuzhen , Jin Tao , Jiao Nianzhi , Zhang Rui
Published: May 2021

Bacteriophages substantially contribute to bacterial mortality in the ocean and play critical roles in global biogeochemical processes. Alteromonas is a ubiquitous bacterial genus in global tropical and temperate waters, which can cross-protect marine cyanobacteria and thus has important ecological benefits. However, little is known about the biological and ecological features of Alteromonas phages (alterophages). Here, we describe a novel alterophage vB_AmeP-R8W (R8W), which belongs to the Autographiviridae family and infects the deep-clade Alteromonas mediterranea. R8W has an equidistant and icosahedral head (65 ± 1 nm in diameter) and a short tail (12 ± 2 nm in length). The genome size of R8W is 48,825 bp, with a G + C content of 40.55%. R8W possesses three putative auxiliary metabolic genes encoding proteins involved in nucleotide metabolism and DNA binding: thymidylate synthase, nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase, and PhoB. R8W has a rapid lytic cycle with a burst size of 88 plaque-forming units/cell. Notably, R8W has a wide host range, such that it can infect 35 Alteromonas strains; it exhibits a strong specificity for strains isolated from deep waters. R8W has two specific receptor binding proteins and a compatible holin–endolysin system, which contribute to its wide host range. The isolation of R8W will contribute to the understanding of alterophage evolution, as well as the phage–host interactions and ecological importance of alterophages.
Evidence of West Nile Virus Circulation in Lebanon
Authors: Zakhia Renée , Dupuis Alan P. , Khodr Fayçal , Fadel Mahdi , Kramer Laura D. , Haddad Nabil
Published: May 2021

West Nile virus (WNV) has never been reported from Lebanon. Yet, this country is located on the flyway of migratory birds in the Middle East region. Serological screening was conducted to assess the potential circulation of this virus. Human, horse, and chicken sera were collected from the Bekaa and North districts. Specific IgG and IgY were first screened by ELISA. Then, positive samples were confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Besides this, adult mosquitoes were collected and tested for the presence of WNV RNA using conventional RT-PCR. Sera screening revealed a seroprevalence rate reaching 1.86% among humans and 2.47% among horses. Cross-reactions revealed by ELISA suggested the circulation of flaviviruses other than WNV. None of the tested mosquitoes was positive for WNV. The observed results constitute strong evidence of local exposure of the Lebanese population to this virus and the first report of equine WNV in Lebanon.
Kinetics of Neutralizing Antibodies of COVID-19 Patients Tested Using Clinical D614G, B.1.1.7, and B 1.351 Isolates in Microneutralization Assays
Authors: Virtanen Jenni , Uusitalo Ruut , Korhonen Essi M. , Aaltonen Kirsi , Smura Teemu , Kuivanen Suvi , Pakkanen Sari H. , Mero Sointu , Patjas Anu , Riekkinen Marianna , Kantele Anu , Nurmi Visa , Hedman Klaus , Hepojoki Jussi , Sironen Tarja , Huhtamo Eili , Vapalahti Olli
Published: May 2021

Increasing evidence suggests that some newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs) resist neutralization by antibodies elicited by the early-pandemic wild-type virus. We applied neutralization tests to paired recoveree sera (n = 38) using clinical isolates representing the first wave (D614G), VoC1, and VoC2 lineages (B.1.1.7 and B 1.351). Neutralizing antibodies inhibited contemporary and VoC1 lineages, whereas inhibition of VoC2 was reduced 8-fold, with 50% of sera failing to show neutralization. These results provide evidence for the increased potential of VoC2 to reinfect previously SARS-CoV-infected individuals. The kinetics of NAbs in different patients showed similar decline against all variants, with generally low initial anti-B.1.351 responses becoming undetectable, but with anti-B.1.1.7 NAbs remaining detectable (>20) for months after acute infection.
Arsenic in Petroleum-Contaminated Groundwater near Bemidji, Minnesota Is Predicted to Persist for Centuries
Authors: Ziegler Brady A. , Ng G.-H. Crystal , Cozzarelli Isabelle M. , Dunshee Aubrey J. , Schreiber Madeline E.
Published: May 2021

We used a reactive transport model to investigate the cycling of geogenic arsenic (As) in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer. We simulated As mobilization and sequestration using surface complexation reactions with Fe(OH)3 during petroleum biodegradation coupled with Fe-reduction. Model results predict that dissolved As in the plume will exceed the U.S. and EU 10 µg/L drinking water standard for ~400 years. Non-volatile dissolved organic carbon (NVDOC) in the model promotes As mobilization by exerting oxygen demand, which maintains anoxic conditions in the aquifer. After NVDOC degrades, As re-associates with Fe(OH)3 as oxygenated conditions are re-established. Over the 400-year simulation, As transport resembles a “roll front” in which: (1) arsenic sorbed to Fe(OH)3 is released during Fe-reduction coupled to petroleum biodegradation; (2) dissolved As resorbs to Fe(OH)3 at the plume’s leading edge; and (3) over time, the plume expands, and resorbed As is re-released into groundwater. This “roll front” behavior underscores the transience of sorption as an As attenuation mechanism. Over the plume’s lifespan, simulations suggest that As will contaminate more groundwater than benzene from the oil spill. At its maximum, the model simulates that ~5.7× more groundwater will be contaminated by As than benzene, suggesting that As could pose a greater long-term water quality threat than benzene in this petroleum-contaminated aquifer.
Nonlinear Shear Effects of the Secondary Current in the 2D Flow Analysis in Meandering Channels with Sharp Curvature
Authors: Shin Jaehyun , Seo Il Won
Published: May 2021

In order to analyze the shear effect of secondary currents on the flow structures in a meandering channel, this research developed a two-dimensional shallow water model, which included the dispersion stress term accounting for the shear effect in the vertical velocity profile. A new equation for the vertical velocity profile that included nonlinear shear effects was derived from the equation of motion in the meandering channel with sharp curvature. Using the experiment data obtained from large-scale meandering channels, the ratio of the depth over the radius-of-curvature was incorporated into the shear intensity of the secondary flow in the proposed equation. Comparisons with the experimental results by previous research showed that the computed values of the primary velocity distribution by the proposed model showed better fit with the observed data than the simulations with linear models and models without secondary flow consideration. The simulated results in the large-scale meandering channels demonstrated that simulations with the nonlinear secondary flow effect added into modeling gave higher accuracy, reducing the relative error by 19% in reproducing the skewed distributions of the primary flow in meandering channels, particularly in the regions where the effects from spiral motion were strong, due to sharp meanders.
Study on Modulation Strategy of Electronic Converters Based on Improved D-NPC Topology for Full Electric Vehicle
Authors: Cao Yonglei , Zhang Xiaodong , Liu Xiang , Ma Yuling
Published: May 2021

The battery is the only power source of full electric vehicles, and the converter plays a key role in power and signal conversion; therefore, the stability and reliability of the converter determine the performance of the whole vehicle system. In order to improve the overall performance of the converter and optimize the function of the ID-NPC (improved diode neutral-point-clamped) topology with power allocation, the two-level topology is improved, and it is also a part of the ID-NPC topology. Based on the ID-NPC topology, the converter level can switch according to the proposed three-level and two-level modulation conversion strategies, which extends the fault-tolerant function of the converter. Finally, a simulation and experimental platform is built to verify the function of the improved topology and the feasibility of the proposed modulation strategy.
Representation of persons experiencing homelessness and coding of homelessness in general practices: descriptive evaluation using healthcare utilisation data
Authors: Kaushal Rishika , Jagpal Parbir , Khanal Saval , Vohra Neha , Lowrie Richard , Johal Jaspal , Jenkins Duncan , Saunders Karen , Paudyal Vibhu
Published: May 2021

Background

Epidemiological studies focused on primary healthcare needs of persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) are often based on data from specialist homeless healthcare services.

Aim

To explore the presentation of PEH, coding of homelessness, and associated health conditions in mainstream primary care general practices in England.

Design & setting

EMIS electronic database search of medical records was conducted across 48 general practices in a clinical commissioning group (CCG), representing one of the most socioeconomically deprived regions in England, which also lacks a specialist primary healthcare service for PEH.

Method

Key terms and codes were used to identify PEH, their respective diagnoses across 22 health conditions, and prescribed medications over the past 4 years.

Results

From a population of approximately 321 000, 43 (0.013%) people were coded as PEH, compared with a homelessness prevalence of 0.5% in the English general population. Mental health conditions were the most prevalent diagnoses among the PEH registrants (56.6%); the recorded prevalence of other common long-term conditions in PEH was lower than the levels observed in PEH registered with specialist homelessness health services.

Conclusion

In a population with approximately four times higher rate of statutory homelessness, PEH representation in mainstream general practices was under-represented by several folds. As homelessness overlaps with mental health, substance misuse, and long-term health conditions, consistent coding of homelessness in medical records is imperative in order to offer tailored support and prevention actions when patients present for services.
Application of Nutritional Support in the Comprehensive Treatment of Gastric Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Li Yue , Zhang Zun Yue , Wang Hua Wei , Zhao Jing Jiao , Geng Shi Tao , Wang Kun Hua
Published: May 2021

Objective

To relieve long-term malnutrition caused by a malignant tumor affecting the pylorus and to prolong the patient survival.

Methods

A patient presented with complete pyloric obstruction due to pyloric tumors, and achieved good therapeutic effects through nutritional support and effective chemotherapy.

Results

After about 40 days of treatment, all physiological indicators were improving. After chemotherapy, the pyloric tumor shrank and the complete obstruction was relieved. The patient was able to eat and drink normally.

Conclusion

Nutritional support, combined with chemotherapy, may effectively treat complete pyloric obstruction caused by advanced tumors.
Pelatihan Software Editing Bagi Mahasiswa Pada Universitas Raharja
Authors: Eka Chandra , Puji Lestari Santoso Nuke , Sindy Amelia  , Devana Viola Tashya
Published: May 2021

Saat ini teknologi informasi berkembang pesat, terutama pada bidang penguasaan aplikasi komputer. Perkembangan ini terjadi dimulai dari program, fasilitas, hingga perangkat yang terdapat didalamnya. Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari pemanfaatan komputer sudah mulai dirasakan seperti pada bidang kesehatan, manufaktur, bisnis, hiburan, pendidikan. Pemanfaatan dalam bidang pendidikan sudah mulai diimplementasikan di Sekolah ataupun Universitas. Menguasai komputer merupakan sesuatu yang penting, khususnya Mahasiswa di Universitas Raharja. Dalam menyelesaikan tugas perkuliahan, laporan ilmiah, Tugas Akhir hingga praktikum di dunia kerja. Saat ini masih ada Mahasiswa yang belum terlalu paham bagaimana mengoperasikan komputer. Sebagian besar mereka masih awam untuk mengerti tentang edit video dengan menggunakan Adobe Premiere
Pengaruh Penggunaan Pupuk Organik Cair Dan Dinamika Kelompok Terhadap Keberhasilan Usahatani Kedele (Glycine max) Di Kecamatan Cibitung Kabupaten Sukabumi
Authors: Umbara Beny Kurnia , Haeruman Maman , Rosmali Musli
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine how much influence the use of liquid organic fertilizers and group dynamics has on the success of soybean farming. This research was conducted in Cibitung Subdistrict, Sukabumi Regency with the consideration that the soybean plantation area is quite large and is part of a farmer group. The research was started in August 2017 until October 2017. The method used in this research is quantitative method by interviewing and distributing questionnaires. As the research object, namely soybean farmers who use liquid organic fertilizers who are in a farmer group in Cibitung District. The results of the research were analyzed by means of validation tests and reabilitation tests which were further analyzed using path analysis techniques. Partially the results showed that there was a significant effect of using liquid organic fertilizers by 25.2% and group dynamics by 26.5% on the success of soybean farming. While simultaneously the effect of both of them on the success of soybean farming was 51.7%, and the remaining 48.3% came from other variables that were not studied
YAŞLI BAKIMEVİNDE KONAKLAYAN YAŞLILARDA UYKU KALİTESİ VE DEPRESYON
Authors: Palteki Ayşe Seval , Aykaç Enes , Yükselen Nur , Mammadova Leyla , Çakırlı Yaşar , Hayran Osman
Published: May 2021

Ülkemizde nüfusun giderek yaşlanmakta olduğu ve yaşlıların artan şekilde yaşlı bakımevi ve huzur evlerinde barınacağı düşüncesiyle gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada; İstanbul'daki Türkiye’nin en eski yaşlı bakımevlerinden birinde yaşayan 65 yaş üstü kişilerin uyku kalitesi ve depresyon durumlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kesitsel tipteki bu araştırmanın evrenini, yaşlı bakımevinde yaşamakta olan 149 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri, Aralık 2019’da katılımcıların sosyodemografik özellikleri, depresyon durumları (Geriatrik Depresyon Ölçeği 15 Kısa Form- GDÖ15) ve uyku kalitelerini (Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi-PUKİ) belirlemeye yönelik bir soru formu aracılığı ile 107 kişiden yüz yüze olarak toplandı. Evrenin çalışma grubuna katılım oranı %71,8 olarak bulundu. Çalışmaya katılanların yaş ortalaması 74,06±7,07 olup %69,2’si erkekti. Depresyon belirtilerine sahip olanların oranı %29,0, uyku kalitesi kötü olanların oranı ise %51,4 olarak bulundu. GDÖ-15 depresyon puanı açısından kronik hastalığı olan grupla olmayan grup arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli fark bulunurken (p=0,047), PUKİ skoru açısından bulunmadı. Cinsiyet ve ziyaret edilme durumları açısındansa hem uyku kalitesi hem de depresyon puanı açısından gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli fark saptanmadı. PUKİ skoru ile GDÖ-15 depresyon puanı arasında pozitif yönde önemli bir korelasyon bulunmakta (r=0,421; p<0,001), uyku kalitesi kötü olanların depresyon puanları da yüksek bulundu.
Die Bildung der Generalistinnen und Generalisten. Perspektiven auf Fachlichkeit im Studium zur Lehrperson für Kindergarten und Primarschule. Festschrift für Frau Prof. Dr. Charlotte Müller
Authors: Bachmann Sara , Bertschy Franziska , Künzli David Christine , Leonhard Tobias , Peyer Ruth
Published: May 2021

Fachlichkeit ist ein zentrales Moment pädagogischer Professionalität. Doch wie gestaltet sich das (Fach-)Studium für Lehrer*innen der Schuleingangsstufe, die als Generalist*innen später (fast) alles unterrichten? Wie konturiert sich Fachlichkeit, wenn der Unterricht wesentlich an die Lebens- und Erfahrungswelt der Schüler*innen anknüpft und eine Perspektivendifferenzierung im Sinne grundlegender fachlicher Bildung erst anstrebt? Im vorliegenden Band werden Konturen eines Studiums für Generalistinnen und Generalisten entwickelt, die systematisch zwischen einer disziplinären akademischen Studienstruktur und den generalistischen beruflichen Anforderungen aus der Perspektive der Studienfächer und möglicher verbindender Konzeptionen vermitteln. (DIPF/Orig.)
A Sequential Exploratory Approach to Study the Workplace Well-Being of Islamic School Teachers
Authors: Na’imah Tri , Tjahjono Heru Kurnianto , Madjid Abd.
Published: May 2021

This study argues that organizational and personal conditions affect teachers in achieving well-being at work. The workplace well-being construct was developed based on the hedonic, eudaimonic approach and empirical exploration of teachers. This construct is adapted to the conditions of the Islamic school organization. This study proposes transformational leadership and workplace spirituality as determining factors for achieving teacher workplace well-being. The sequential exploratory approach is used to formulate the construct of workplace well-being for Islamic school teachers and prove the role of transformational leadership and workplace spirituality as antecedents of teacher workplace well-being in Islamic schools. An important finding from this study is the formulation of the teacher's workplace well-being, namely the social dimension, the emotional dimension, the professional dimension, and the 'Amal Jariyah dimension. Leadership behavior and teachers' spiritual strength play a role in attaining teacher workplace well-being in Islamic schools.
The Influence of Audit Quality on Auditor Performance with Mediating Organizational Commitment and Organization Culture
Authors: Indrayati  , Chandrarin Grahita , Supanto Fajar
Published: May 2021

This study examines the effect of audit quality, good corporate governance, and transformational leadership on auditor performance with organizational commitment and organizational culture as mediation in public accounting firms in Malang and Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. This research model is quantitative with a population of 660 public accounting firms in Indonesia, with a sample of 150 active auditors in East Java. Data analysis techniques were performed with documentation from questionnaires and Structural Equation Modeling. The results found that audit quality, good corporate governance, and transformational leadership affect organizational commitment, organizational culture, and auditor performance. Organizational commitment and culture affect auditor performance. Audit quality, good corporate governance, and transformational leadership affect auditor performance through organizational commitment and organizational culture.
The Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Powder Using Shaker Mill Technique
Authors: Fadli Ahmad , Yenti Silvia Reni , Prabowo Agung , Aledya Siska Priscillia , Fadila Rawdatul , Susanto Reno
Published: May 2021

Hydroxyapatite is a material that has the same structure and composition as the main minerals of human teeth and bones. This study's purpose was hydroxyapatite synthesis and determining the effect of variations in the ball sizes, the ratio of a mass of precursors to balls size, milling time, and ball size ratio of crystals and particles, surface area and morphology of hydroxyapatite produced by the mechanochemical method. Two different ball sizes (3mm and 6mm) and three different powder to ball ratio of 1:1.44; 1:2.88; and 1:4.32 were milled for 6 hours. Furthermore, the ball size ratio between the small ball (3 mm) and large ball (6 mm) was 1:1, 1:3, and 3:1 were milled for 2, 4, and 6 hours. The synthesized powder was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Particle Size Analysis, Brunauer-Emmet-Teller analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscopy to confirm hydroxyapatite structure formation with nanocrystallite size and morphology in all variables. The crystallite size increased as the powder to ball ratio increased. The surface area at powder to ball ratio of 1:2.88 and ball size of 3 mm was 19.51 m2/g, while at ball size ratio of 1:1, it was 18.82 m2/g. The morphology of hydroxyapatite was uniform to granular with mol ratio Ca/P 1.81 for powder to ball ratio and ball size variation.
Community Resilience as a Determinant Factor for Improving Limited Urban Public Space
Authors: Lesmana Diyan , Antariksa  , Wulandari Lisa Dwi , Santosa Herry
Published: May 2021

Urban public space is now getting scarce and becoming an important element in the residential or housing environment. The existence of public space will meet the needs for social interaction, economic and cultural phenomena. Genteng Candirejo, which is one of the kampongs in Surabaya, has its uniqueness in the utilization of its public space by cultivating herbs and hydroponics in an open public space (alley/yard), developing the making of traditional snacks which are carried out together in closed public space (living room or hall). This study aims to examine the resilience of the residents in Genteng Candirejo on space (character and function of space) and activities carried out by the residents in public spaces in supporting the social, economic, and cultural community, with the challenges of limited public space. With the method of field observation and interviews, this study shows resilience to the shape, surface/appearance, and space (characteristic and function of the space) both in open and closed public spaces in Genteng Candirejo shown by the improvement of the environment quality, the creation of greening, the beauty of the surrounding environment which has a visual aesthetic value, and an increase in income for the community with the growth of small and medium enterprises (UKM). That is in line with the concept of green and clean launched by the Surabaya city government.
A STUDY ON OUTCOME OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF COMPOUND TIBIA FRACTURES BY INTRAMEDULLARY NAILING AFTER PRELIMINARY EXTERNAL FIXATION – SHORT TERM RETROSPECTIVE AND PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Thirugnanam Suresh Kumar , Ramasamy Sudhakar
Published: May 2021

About 23% of all tibial fractures are open and most of these are Gustilo grade III. This study was done to evaluate the functional outcome of surgical
treatment of compound tibia fractures by intramedullary nailing after preliminary external xation as a short term retrospective and prospective
analysis. From February 2012 to November 2013, a short term retrospective and prospective analysis was done in The Institute of Orthopedics &
Traumatology, Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai. We did secondary interlocking nailing after
preliminary external xation for grade II to grade III B open tibia fractures in 31 patients for 31 fractures (Box 1 shows the inclusion and exclusion
criteria). Out of these 31 patients, we lost follow-up of 4 patients and analyzed the results with the average follow-up of 12 months and minimum
follow up of 5 months. Data was tabulated and analysed using Microsoft excel 2003. Functional outcome of secondary intra medullary nailing after
external xation was far better than in primary interlocking with primary closure in our institution. Although the supercial infection is there and
there is delay in denitive procedure in the management of compound fractures, this can be improved by early surgical intervention, timely
secondary procedures and accurate assessment of soft tissue injury. The nal outcome is mainly depends on the age of the patient, time of admission
since injury, type of injury.
Natural history and risk factors for diabetic nephropathy in Italy: insights from AMD Annals initiative
Authors: Piscitelli, P.
Published: May 2021

Diabetic patients have a high risk to develop diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy represents non only a risk factor for progression toward end stage renal disease but it is also associates with an increased risk to have of major cardiovascular events. Over the last few years, analysis of the AMD annals dataset has contributed several important insights on the clinical features of type 2 diabetes kidney disease and their prognostic and therapeutic implications. First, non-albuminuric renal impairment is the predominant clinical phenotype. Even though associated with a lower risk of progression compared to overt albuminuria, it contributes significantly to the burden of end-stage renaldisease morbidity. Second, optimal blood pressure control provides significant but incomplete renal protection. It reduces albuminuria but there may be a J curve phenomenon with eGFR at very low blood pressure values. Third, hyperuricemia and diabetic hyperlipidemia, namely elevated triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol, are strong independent predictorsof chronic kidney disease onset in diabetes, although the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying these associationsremain uncertain. These data help clarify the natural history of CKD in patients with type 2 diabetes and provide important clues for designing futureinterventional studies. KEY WORDS albuminuria; glomerular filtration rate; hypertension; uric acid; type2 diabetes mellitus.