bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern algorithm of linear and quadratic programming in optimization and problems of deformation of structures of variable structure in contact conditions
Authors: Grischenko Volodimir
Published: December 2023

Various mathematical problems, in which the goal of finding the extremum of a functional is set, belong to the problems of mathematical programming and optimization problems. Practically directed problems of finding the optimal solution are extremely numerous in economics, management, technology, and others. They are related to increasing production efficiency, reducing resource costs, improving design solutions and technological processes, reducing mass, dimensions, etc. Among them, an important role is given to the methods of limiting the maximum stresses caused by external loads. Solving such problems begins with mathematical formalization. Constructive, economic or technological indicators are chosen as variation parameters. The search for the best solution is reduced to the selection of a set of parameters that provide a stationary value of the objective function. Extreme problems of practical orientation contain equality-inequality constraints in mathematical models. In improving the technical characteristics of machines, a significant role belongs to engineering and technical workers, who find optimal options at the design stage. At the same time, an essential element of the design process is the modeling of the determining processes in structures, taking into account the main influencing factors and behavior scenarios. Optimization is an important area of applied mathematics that provides effective tools for such modeling. Universal Algorithm is proposed in work [3] – a numerous scheme for solving quadratic programming (QP) problems for calculating the optimal point of a wide range of applied problems. At the same time, the linear programming (LP) problem is considered as a partial case of the (QP) problem. That is, in the universal algorithm for setting 2 optimization problems, they are formalized in a single and convenient form of symmetric matrix dependence, which makes it possible to build a single effective algorithm based on matrix algebra operations. In particular, it allows you to consider the practical tasks of calculating VAT in constructions of a variable structure consisting of separate parts connected by one-way connections. The main goal of this work is to analyze the behavior of the algorithm when increasing the number of constraints of the inequality type, to refine the computational scheme, and to formulate conclusions. Two model problems are considered as examples of the algorithm. This is a classic "transport" problem of LP and the behavior of a model of a bridge structure with one-way connections in cables under variations of wind loads. The number of ropes has been increased to 20, and the limits of one-way connections to 40.
CONCEPTS OF SUSTAINABLE ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE-SCALE ECONOMIC PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
Authors: Shmatko Nataliia , Pantielieieva Iryna , Karminska-Bielobrova Maryna
Published: December 2023

The formed system of conceptual provisions for ensuring the sustainability of organizational development of large-scale economic and production systems is indicative of the implementation of the author's system of hypotheses regarding: the need to use the integration capabilities of individual business entities to gain advantages in competition and to support the sustainability of coordinated development; supporting the sustainability of large-scale economic and production systems by optimizing the components of the integration base, correctly forming the architecture of large-scale economic and production systems and choosing the most appropriate organizational form; the possibility of modeling the development of large-scale economic and production systems through the correlation of its architectural representation with the stages of the life cycle; the use of the competencies of business entities as a basis for integration interaction within the framework of a certain economic and production system; subordination of the efficiency of functioning and development of large-scale economic and production systems is determined by the degree of disclosure of the potential of integration interaction of input to large-scale economic and production participants. The proof of these hypotheses made it possible to emphasize that ensuring the sustainability of the organizational development of large-scale economic and production systems is achieved due to the optimization of the structure and interaction parameters of strategic business units (participants) of the large-scale economic and production system, which increases the relevance of developments in the field of institutional regulation of the life activities of large-scale economic and production systems . Such formation of large-scale systems creates additional competitive advantages through, for example, the concentration of resources on the most effective business practices or through the creation of a more effective system of calculations. At the same time, the implementation of integration processes or an increase in the scope of activities always causes the manifestation of certain factors-threats and difficulties, the solution of which requires an appropriate economic basis. So, first of all, the increase in the scale of enterprise activity leads to the complication of the organizational structure and the appearance of numerous defects in ensuring the operation of management mechanisms. Secondly, the occurrence of any type of enterprise merger increases the probability of negative manifestation of corporate conflicts. Thirdly, attention should be paid to the threat of dispersal of property relations as a result of integration-disintegration processes. Finally, the variety of possible organizational forms of interaction between enterprises requires a certain theoretical unification.
IMPROVEMENT OF RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS OF TOURISM ENTERPRISES
Authors: Lenko Ivan
Published: December 2023

The article analyzes the existing risk management systems of tourism enterprises. The need to identify risks and assess the riskiness of situations has been revealed, which in turn will help to make effective management decisions in a timely manner. The main sources of the origin of risks, their role, as well as the factors affecting risk management in the tourism industry are determined. Approaches to defining the concept of risk management at tourist enterprises are analyzed, as well as a set of methods, techniques and measures that allow to predict to a certain extent the occurrence of risky events and take measures to eliminate or reduce the negative consequences of the occurrence of such events. An efficient and effective system of risk management of the activities of tourist enterprises was built on the basis of the conducted research due to a balanced combination of identification, countermeasures and prevention of the occurrence of risks in the future, due to the use of intellectual capital of the management staff of the tourist enterprise. tourism enterprise, ways to minimize the consequences of future risk events, a multi-level concept of risk management based on the implementation of integrated risk management systems at the enterprise. It has been proven that an important stage of the implementation of the risk management system of tourism enterprises is the assessment of the risk at the time of implementation and forecasting its value for future periods in accordance with the given criteria of importance. This will make it possible to assess the trend towards a general reduction of the risk of the enterprise's tourism activity in the long term. It was determined that the implementation of an effective system of activity risk management will allow simultaneous analysis of a large number of individual risks and the degree of their influence on the development of the risk situation. It was concluded that the risk management system takes into account the specific features of the industry and can serve to increase the stability of organizations, primarily financial.
CURRENT STATE AND WAYS OF RECOVERY OF UKRAINE'S ECONOMY
Authors: Sitak Irina , Shyriaieva Natalia , Chaikova Olena
Published: December 2023

The article reviews the main consequences of a full-scale military invasion and the impact on the main results of Ukrainian industry in the short and long term. It has been established that the industries that provide the basic needs of the population (produce food, clothing, or shoes) are best preserved and/or restored. It has been proven that the full-scale military aggression emphasized the weak points of the Ukrainian economy. It was established that the first few months of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine were accompanied by a fuel crisis, which set the government and business leaders the task of setting up fuel logistics from scratch. This circumstance also reduced the pace of recovery of the country's economy. Based on the processing of statistical data, it is proven that military actions led to a 32% drop in Ukraine's GDP in 2022, caused the devaluation of the hryvnia, and caused a decline in industrial production and consumer sentiment. The deterioration of the situation in the economy was also contributed by the shortage of electricity. The national electricity transmission operator was forced to apply restrictions on electricity consumption in the country. After each successive strike, the situation worsened, and after the missile strikes in November, there was a short but total blackout. It was the power outages that worsened business sentiment and led to revisions in macroeconomic forecasts. It was established that in several industries (production of building materials, metallurgy and metalworking, chemical industry and mechanical engineering) a critical drop in production is recorded. Even in the woodworking industry, which is mainly concentrated in the west and north of the country, only 35% of enterprises are operating at almost full capacity. The data confirm that entire industries have quickly become hostages of war, with supply chains disrupted, seaborne export routes blocked, and demand reduced. It has been proven that to successfully restore the country's economy, restore export opportunities and withstand competition on world markets, to stand up in the struggle for sales markets for its products, Ukraine needs to: increase the efficiency of the economy, which is based on the development of market relations; comprehensively increase the export orientation of foreign economic activity; ensure the transition to settlements with foreign partners in freely convertible currency; to improve the concept of development of export-import operations.
Tandem Reconstruction of the Femoral Diaphysis Using an Intercalary Prosthesis and a Fibular Free Flap
Authors: Shahzad Farooq , Christ Alexander B. , Kim Leslie , Levy Adam S. , Teven Chad M. , Fabbri Nicola , Nelson Jonas A. , Healey John H.
Published: December 2023

Background:

Femoral diaphyseal reconstructions with metal prostheses have mediocre results because of high mechanical forces that result in eventual implant failure. Biological alternatives require prolonged restrictions on weight-bearing and have high rates of infection, nonunion, and fracture. A novel method of utilizing a vascularized fibula in combination with an intercalary prosthesis was developed to complement the immediate stability of the prosthesis with the long-term biological fixation of a vascularized fibular graft.

Methods:

A prospectively maintained database was retrospectively reviewed to identify patients who underwent reconstruction of an oncological intercalary femoral defect using an intercalary prosthesis and an inline fibular free flap (FFF). They were compared with patients who underwent femoral reconstruction using an intercalary allograft and an FFF.

Results:

Femoral reconstruction with an intercalary metal prosthesis and an FFF was performed in 8 patients, and reconstruction with an allograft and an FFF was performed in 16 patients. The mean follow-up was 5.3 years and 8.5 years, respectively (p = 0.02). In the bioprosthetic group, radiographic union of the fibula occurred in 7 (88%) of 8 patients, whereas in the allograft group, 13 (81%) of 16 patients had allograft union (p = 1.00) and all 16 patients had fibular union (p = 0.33). The mean time to fibular union in the bioprosthetic group was 9.0 months, whereas in the allograft group, the mean time to allograft union was 15.3 months (p = 0.03) and the mean time to fibular union was 12.5 months (p = 0.42). Unrestricted weight-bearing occurred at a mean of 3.7 months in the prosthesis group and 16.5 months in the allograft group (p < 0.01). Complications were observed in 2 (25%) of 8 patients in the prosthesis group and in 13 (81%) of 16 patients in the allograft group (p = 0.02). Neither chemotherapy nor radiation affected fibular or allograft union rates. Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scores did not differ significantly between the groups (mean, 26 versus 28; p = 0.10).

Conclusions:

Bioprosthetic intercalary femoral reconstruction with a metal prosthesis and an FFF resulted in earlier weight-bearing, a shorter time to union, fewer operations needed for union, and lower complication rates than reconstruction with an allograft and an FFF.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Analysis of Competency Improvement Students of SMK Negeri 1 Surakarta through Tukuya.id Marketplace: A Case Study of B2B Model Implementation in Teaching Factory
Authors: Martama Happy , Jatmika Surya
Published: December 2023

Tukuya,id Marketplace is a teaching factory innovation, specifically a marketplace that implements a business-to-business (B2B) interaction model at SMK Negeri 1 Surakarta. This marketplace is a bridge between MSMEs, especially in the city of Surakarta. The conceptualization of Tukuya.id aimed to accommodate all the expertise programs in the school and foster collaboration among apprentice students from various expertise programs. This study aims to describe the tukuya.id marketplace as a means of increasing competence among students at SMK Negeri 1 Surakarta. This research uses case study research with a qualitative approach. The subjects of this research are educators who are pioneers and students who intern at Tukuya.id. The data was collected using semi-structured interviews. The validity of the data in this study is tested using the source triangulation method and the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana is used for data analysis. The results of this study indicate an increase in vocational skills for students in various fields and cognitive improvements such as critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
Accelerated Design of Sidetrack and Deepening Well Trajectories
Authors: Singh Umesh , Pathan Rizwan , Joshi Amol Dilip , Cavé Adrien , Fouchard Cédric , Baume Antonin
Published: December 2023

Sidetrack and deepening wells play a pivotal role in enhancing oil and gas recovery while simultaneously reducing drilling costs, particularly in cluster well scenarios. These wells leverage existing wellbores effectively, resulting in substantial reductions in development expenses. Deepening wells maximize cost savings by utilizing the entire length of preexisting wellbores. These wells strategically access low-permeability layers, thin pay zones, wedge zones, and marginal reserves while also serving as rapid response solutions during emergencies to expedite risk mitigation in accidents. There is a pressing need for expedient, safer, and cost-effective well designs to achieve economic efficiency, which necessitates the development of advanced design methodologies. However, designing optimized 3D sidetrack and deepening well trajectories for oil and gas reservoir access while mitigating collision risks is a complex and time-consuming task that demands meticulous planning and exhaustive well path analysis, often involving multiple iterations to ensure cost-effective solutions meeting drillability and safety constraints. In this study, we develop an integrated framework for the accelerated design of sidetrack and deepening well trajectories, complemented by a trajectory optimization algorithm to generate safer and cost-effective well trajectories. The developed framework is rigorously tested in a live Nigerian oil and gas field. The case study involves the design of a sidetrack and a deepening well trajectory in a crowded brownfield consisting of 21 legacy wells. The results of the case study exhibit the significance of the established framework on streamlining the well design process, leading to expedited creation of efficient and safe sidetrack and deepening well trajectories.
clicSAND for OSeMOSYS: a user-friendly interface using open-source optimisation software for energy system modelling analysis.
Authors: Cannone Carla , Allington Lucy , de Wet Nicki , Shivakumar Abhishek , Goynes Philip , Valderrama Cesar , Kell Alex , Plazas-Niño Fernando , Mohanty Reema , Kapor Vedran , Wright Jarrad , Yeganyan Rudolf , Tan Naomi , To Long Seng , Harrison John , Howells Mark
Published: December 2023

Energy models are crucial for helping governments and policymakers plan long-term investments in the energy transition context. One of the most established open-source optimisation models is OSeMOSYS—the Open-Source Energy Modelling System. This paper presents a new user interface—clicSAND—for OSeMOSYS, which shortens the learning curve and supports beginner energy modellers to perform long-term investment analyses efficiently. The freely available and open-source clicSAND software consists of a user-friendly Excel interface for entering data, integrated solvers, and a dashboard for visualising results. The results, which extend to 2070, can inform policy decisions and mobilise financial resources for sustainable development measures, for example, ensuring affordable and secure energy supply and mitigating the effects of climate change. This paper describes clicSAND's main benefits, architecture, and functionalities. A review of the evolution from clicSAND 1.0 to clicSAND 3.0 is also discussed. Furthermore, a South-African case study undertaken by participants of the international capacity-building event—the EMP-A (Energy Modelling Platform for Africa) 2021 shows the results achieved by inexperienced users following a three-week training course. Finally, current applications and future extensions of the software are also presented.
Pediatric Thoracoscopic Lung Resections: A Comprehensive Analysis of Congenital Lesion Cases
Authors: Musters Gijsbert D.
Published: December 2023

Background: Congenital lung lesions in pediatric patients may be managed conservatively or by video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). This study aimed to determine the complications after VATS for congenital lung lesions in children.
Methods: All children undergoing a lung resection between January 2009 and June 2012 were retrospectively identified. Children undergoing a primary open lobectomy or a resection other than a congenital lung lesion were excluded. Both early (<30 days) and late postoperative pulmonary complications were determined. The primary endpoint was postoperative complications within 30 days.
Results: In total, 10 patients were included, with a median age of 15 months (IQR 11-65). A VATS lobectomy were performed in 6 patients (60%), an extralobar sequestration in 1 patient (10%), an wedge resection in 3 patient.. A conversion to open did not occurred. The median follow-up was 32 months (IQR 3-80) and all patients were alive. A postoperative complication (Clavien Dindo ≥3) occurred in 1 patients and complications without the need of intervention in 1 patients.
Conclusion:
This study constitutes a retrospective case description involving the initial 10 patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) resection.
Decentralised Water-Energy-Food (WEF) systems in Africa: Space analysis, least-cost modelling of sack farming and establishment of renewable energy technologies in the Diepsloot slums of Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Bhanye Johannes , Kloeffel Tobias , Beyers Miriam , Mabaso Mbali ,   Kartikeyan Rajadurai5 Rajadurai, Winklmaier Johannes , Matamanda Abraham
Published: December 2023

The African continent faces three distinct yet kindred problems: water, energy, and food security. Among the most vulnerable to water, energy, and food security are African cities’ poorest and most marginalised residents. Decentralised Water-Energy-Food (WEF) systems have been proposed to mitigate some of the damaging effects of climate change on energy, water, and food. While some scholars point out constraints related to decentralised WEF systems, working examples of novel decentralised WEF systems are cropping up globally. This paper demonstrates the potential of decentralised Energy-Water-Food systems in promoting access to food, water, and energy in informal settlements in Africa, focusing on Diepsloot slums of Johannesburg, South Africa. A mixed methods approach was adopted for the space analysis, least-cost modelling of sack farming, and establishment of renewable energy technologies in the Diepsloot slums of Johannesburg, South Africa. The methods include a review of literature, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), crop modelling with AquaCrop, financial analysis, and linear optimisation model urbs to identify the least-cost energy system design for the proposed community centre. Analysis of past rainfall, temperature, and climate trends; proposed water sources; spatial plant arrangements; proposed community centre; decentralised and renewable solutions; Phezulu ‘Up’ growers’ model; and a positive return on investment demonstrates the feasibility of the WEF model. Policymakers should promote decentralised Water-Energy-Food systems to enhance urban livelihoods and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular SDG 2 (zero hunger), SDG 6 (clean water and sanitation), and SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy), in marginalised African urban spaces.
Hexahedral mesh generation for configurations sharing the same topology with solid torus
Authors: Wang Yuan-guang , Sun Lixin
Published: December 2023

The generation of hexahedral meshes for complex configurations, which is related to many frontier problems in mathematics, has long been a challenge for scientists and engineers. To date, no sufficient mathematical theories have been developed to guarantee the existence of a hexahedral mesh for every arbitrarily complex configuration, necessitating a combination of mathematics and engineering to achieve this generation process. Considering that the curvature and other geometric features vary considerably across complex configurations, we approach the topic from new perspectives. Namely, we incorporate computational conformal geometry into the generation process: using this technique, geometry information is more logically classified, and geometries with large deformations are hence more easily accommodated. In practice, several major branches of computational conformal geometry have been applied in our method, ranging from the generation of closed isoparametric curves on a 2-D manifold and the generation of discrete minimal surfaces to surface registrations among these discrete minimal surfaces. Moreover, some traditional methods, such as butterfly topology, have also been applied in our methods. Consequently, a balance between high automation and good mesh quality is achievable within our framework. To test this approach, illustrative examples are presented in this paper. The experimental results show that our theory and algorithm are robust. The generated hexahedral meshes can be used as input for subsequent finite element analysis calculation.
Novel epiphytic root-fungus symbiosis in the Indo-Pacific seagrass Thalassodendron ciliatum
Authors: Vohník Martin , Josefiová Jiřina
Published: December 2023

Symbioses with fungi are important and ubiquitous on dry land but underexplored in the sea. As yet only one seagrass has been shown to form a specific root-fungus symbiosis that resembles those occurring in terrestrial plants, namely the Mediterranean Posidonia oceanica (Alismatales: Posidoniaceae) forming a dark septate (DS) endophytic association with Posidoniomyces atricolor (Pleosporales: Aigialaceae). Using stereomicroscopy, light and scanning electron microscopy, and DNA cloning, here we describe a novel root-fungus symbiosis in the Indo-Pacific seagrass Thalassodendron ciliatum (Alismatales: Cymodoceaceae). Similarly to P. oceanica, the mycobiont of T. ciliatum occurs more frequently in thinner roots that engage in nutrient uptake from the seabed and forms extensive hyphal mantles composed of DS hyphae on the root surface. Contrary to P. oceanica, the mycobiont occurs on the roots with root hairs and does not penetrate its host intraradically. While the cloning revealed a relatively rich spectrum of fungi, they were mostly parasites or saprobes and the identity of the mycobiont remains unknown. Symbioses of seagrasses with fungi are probably more frequent than previously thought, but their functioning and significance are unknown. Melanin present in DS hyphae slows down their decomposition and so is true for the colonized roots. Root symbioses with DS fungi may in this way contribute to blue carbon sequestration in seagrass meadows.
The space analogue of the Euler–Darboux equation with strong degeneracy
Authors: Dolgopolov Mikhail , Elisov Maksim , Rodionova Irina
Published: December 2023

On the set Ω, which is a prism bounded by the planes y=x, y=0, x=h, z=0, z=h (h>0), a spatial analogue of the Euler–Darboux–Poisson equation is considered with two parameters taking values 1) α=1, 0 < β < 1; 2) α=1, 1 < β < 2; 3) α=1, −1 < β < 0. The singularity plane of the coefficients of the equation z = x − y divides the set Ω into two subregions, in which for each of the three cases: a) a general solution to this equation is constructed; b) problems with boundary conditions on the plane z = x − y were formulated and solved (modified Cauchy problems); c) on the set Ω, a boundary value problem was solved with data on adjacent faces of the prism and matching conditions on the internal plane z = x − y.
Antigen experience history directs distinct functional states of CD8+ CAR T cells during the anti-leukemia response
Authors: Fry Terry , DeGolier Kole , Danis Etienne , D’Antonio Marc , Cimons Jennifer , Yarnell Michael , Kedl Ross , kohler Mark , Scott-Browne James
Published: December 2023

Chimeric antigen receptor T cells are an effective therapy for B-lineage malignancies. However, many patients relapse and this therapeutic has yet to show strong efficacy in other hematologic or solid tumors. One opportunity for improvement lies in the ability to generate T cells with desirable functional characteristics. Here, we dissect the biology of CD8+ CAR T cells (CAR8) by controlling whether the T cell has encountered cognate TCR antigen prior to CAR generation. We find that prior antigen experience influences multiple aspects of in vitro and in vivo CAR8 functionality, resulting in superior effector function and leukemia clearance in the setting of limiting target antigen density compared to antigen-inexperienced T cells. However, this comes at the expense of inferior proliferative capacity, susceptibility to phenotypic exhaustion and dysfunction, and inability to clear wildtype leukemia in the setting of limiting CAR+ cell dose. Epigenomic and transcriptomic comparisons of these cell populations identified overexpression of the Runx2 transcription factor as a novel strategy to enhance CAR8 function, with a differential impact depending on prior cell state. Collectively, our data demonstrate that prior antigen experience determines functional attributes of a CAR T cell, as well as amenability to functional enhancement by transcription factor modulation.
Sequence-based data-constraint deep learning framework to predict spider dragline mechanical properties
Authors: Keten Sinan , Pandey Akash , Chen Wei
Published: December 2023

We establish a deep-learning framework for describing the mechanical behavior of spider dragline silks to clarify the missing link between the sequence and mechanics of this exceptionally strong and tough biomaterial. The method utilizes sequence and mechanical property data of dragline spider silk as well as enriching descriptors such as residue-level mobility (B-factor) predictions. Our sequence representation captures the relative position, repetitiveness, as well as descriptors of amino acids that serve to physically enrich the model. We obtain high Pearson correlation coefficients (0.76-0.88) for strength, toughness, and other properties, which show that our B-factor based representation outperforms pure sequence-based models or models that use other descriptors. We prove the utility of our framework by identifying influential motifs, and also by demonstrating how the B-factor serves to pinpoint potential mutations that improve strength and toughness, thereby establishing a validated, predictive, and interpretable sequence model for designing sustainable biomaterials with sequence-defined properties.
A Scientometric Review of Technology-Assisted Teaching Chinese as a Second or Foreign Language Based on CiteSpace
Authors: Zhao Zhao , Harji Madhubala Bava
Published: December 2023

This paper presents the outcome of a visual analysis of articles published in Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), from the establishment of the databases to December 31, 2022. The aim is to explore the hotspots, themes, technological evolutions, and emerging trends and gaps of technology-assisted Teaching Chinese as a Second/Foreign Language (TCSL/TCFL). A scientometrical review of collected articles is conducted with CiteSpace, and several findings are concluded: (1) Apparent increases in the interdisciplinary publications in CNKI and WOSCC have been witnessed. (2) Trans-regional collaborations among global authors and institutions are found to be rather limited. (3) Conventional technologies in the last decade such as “multimedia” “mobile learning” and “Internet” and more welcomed and prolonged. New trends have also emerged due to the changes in the global context. (4) New research directions such as distance education and cultural education have emerged in recent years. Hence it is suggested that updated technologies and new ideas should be absorbed in TCSL/TCFL to keep up with global development, and modern venues should be explored to enhance Chinese teaching and learning effectiveness.
Daratumumab-RD InductionSequential Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for a new diagnosed case of POEMS Syndrome with 17p deletion solitary plasmacytoma of bone
Authors: Wang Ruiqi , Shi Zhangzhen , Cong Dan , Bai Yuansong , Zhang Wenlong
Published: December 2023

Background Daratumumab-based induction therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) are the recommended treatments for plasma cell tumors such as multiple myeloma and amyloidosis; however, few reports have examined the utility of this treatment strategy for POEMS syndrome with solitary plasmacytoma of the bone.Case presentation A patient presented with POEMS syndrome. Although myasthenia was the primary manifestation, POEMS was accompanied by a solitary plasmacytoma of the bone harboring a 17p13.1 deletion. The overall neuropathy limitations scale (ONLS) score was 5 for both upper limbs and 7 for both lower limbs. After four cycles of induction therapy with daratumumab (Dara) plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd) immunofixation electrophoresis became negative, and complete remission of hematological and vascular endothelial growth factor (HRCR & VCR) was achieved. Subsequently, he received local radiotherapy (DT 5000cGy/25f), high-dose chemotherapy combined with ASCT, two cycles of Dara-Rd consolidation, and lenalidomide (10 mg/day) as maintenance. He has remained in continuous HRCR and VCR for 18 months, with an ONLS score of 3 for both upper limbs and 2 on both lower limbs, thereby restoring independent walking.Conclusions Dara-Rd induction followed by radiotherapy and ASCT appears to be a safe, effective, and promising strategy for POEMS syndrome with an isolated plasma cell tumor of the bone.
Ethnobotanical knowledge and practices of pastoralist communities on plants used as repellents and/or insecticides against insect vectors in the Korahaye zone of the Somali Regional State, eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Alemayehu Getu , Megersa Moa , Damme Patrick Van
Published: December 2023

Background
Combined efforts to combat both outdoor and indoor transmission of malaria parasites are hampered by emerging vector resistance in a wide range of endemic malaria settings in Ethiopia and the rest of the world, stressing the need for developing and implementing alternative control measures. This study aimed to document indigenous pastoralist knowledge on the use of repellent and insecticidal plant species against insect vectors in a number of kebeles in the Somali Regional State, eastern Ethiopia.
Methods
Data were collected by interviewing a total of 120 informants (105 men and 15 women) through face-to-face interviews guided by a semistructured questionnaire, observing information on the preparation method, and performing a guided field walk with a guide to collect plant specimens. The ethnobotanical survey was carried out 5 May 2018-12 April 2019. Medicinal plant specimens were collected following a standard approach, and voucher specimens were deposited in the Jigjiga University mini herbarium. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, preference rankings, paired comparisons and direct matrix rankings.
Results
A total of 52 voucher specimens belonging to 47 genera and 34 families were obtained. Of these, 42 were reported to be repellents against mosquitoes or insects in general. Among the plant families recorded, Fabaceae had the highest number of plant species, 5 (9.61%). The best-represented life forms were herbs (21, 41.96%), followed by shrubs (17, 32.69%). Leaves were the most commonly used plant part for remedy preparation and accounted for 18 (33.96%) of the total plants. Among the repellent plant species documented, 57.68% were reported to be burned to produce in-house smoke, 20.37% were mashed, and the paste was applied on the body to repel insects. The plants that were commonly mentioned by respondents were Amaranthus sparganiocephalus (27 mentions, 22.5%), Phytolacca dodecandra (18, 15%), and Commiphora rostrata (26, 21.66%) for repellent, insecticidal, and both repellent and insecticidal uses, respectively.
Conclusion
The present study showed that pastoralist communities have valuable indigenous knowledge and practices related to the use of plants as repellents. This knowledge should be validated and confirmed experimentally and possibly promoted as a sustainable and ecosystem-friendly insect vector control tool.
Infecting Minds: Perceptions and attitudes towards vaccines among rural and urban dwellers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Orievulu Kingsley Stephen , Frampton Sally , Matthews Philippa C. , Mpanza Nondumiso , Mjilo Thabisile , Nxumalo Samukelisiwe , Hordern Joshua , Seeley Janet
Published: December 2023

Background
We investigated how social and contextual factors shape perceptions and attitudes of rural and urban dwellers towards vaccines in South Africa. We assessed the views, acceptance, and uptake of vaccines for a range of infectious diseases, in the light of the experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
We conducted 30 in-depth face-to-face and virtual interviews in the uMkhanyakude district municipality and Durban, KwaZulu-Natal South Africa. Participants were adults (≥ 18 years) consisting of ordinary citizens, traditional leaders and healers, and nurses. Data collection was conducted in IsiZulu. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes.
Findings
We found broad vaccine acceptance among most study participants. The main reasons given for vaccine uptake included fear of death, government campaigns, vaccine mandates and penalties, understanding the importance of vaccines for disease prevention and survival, and securing the health of family members. Older participants (≥ 40 years) demonstrated more positive attitudes towards vaccines. Most participants downplayed the role of culture and religion in attitudes towards vaccines. Some of the drivers of vaccine hesitancy were having an ancestral calling, medical pluralism, or local myths around the treatment of infections such as influenza and mumps, insufficient information, a perceived depopulation agenda couched in mistrust and the use of incentives and threats to force people to accept COVID-19 vaccines.
Conclusion
Participants’ views shape the understanding of vaccine confidence in South Africa. Exploring the roots of vaccine hesitancy over time in communities occupying different geographical and cultural spaces provides opportunities to understand the complex reasons why vaccines are accepted or rejected. The exploration of contexts, exposures and circumstances provide insights into perceptions, outlook, and behaviour. Deeper engagement with local communities is therefore crucial to develop evidence that can inform vaccine interventions. Assumptions about how culture and religion affect vaccine hesitancy or acceptance should be avoided in the process of developing such evidence.
Process evaluation of a smartphone app (Drink Less) for reducing alcohol consumption: engagement and behavioural mechanisms of action (iDEAS trial)
Authors: Garnett Claire , Dinu Larisa-Maria , Oldham Melissa , Perski Olga , Loebenberg Gemma , Beard Emma , Angus Colin , Burton Robyn , Field Matt , Greaves Felix , Hickman Matthew , Kaner Eileen , Michie Susan , Munafo Marcus , Pizzo Elena , Brown Jamie
Published: December 2023

This is a process evaluation of a large UK-based randomised controlled trial (RCT) (n = 5,602) evaluating the effectiveness of recommending an alcohol reduction app, Drink Less, compared with usual digital care in reducing alcohol consumption in increasing and higher risk drinkers. The aim was to understand whether participants’ engagement (‘self-reported adherence’) and behavioural characteristics were mechanisms of action underpinning the effectiveness of Drink Less. Self-reported adherence with both digital tools was over 70% (Drink Less: 78.0%, 95% CI = 77.6–78.4; usual digital care: 71.5%, 95% CI = 71.0-71.9). Self-reported adherence to the intervention (average causal mediation effect [ACME]=-0.250, 95% CI=-0.42, -0.11) and self-monitoring behaviour (ACME=-0.235, 95% CI=-0.44, -0.03) both mediated the effect of the intervention (versus comparator) on alcohol reduction. Following the recommendation (self-reported adherence) and the tracking (self-monitoring behaviour) feature of the Drink Less app appear to be important mechanisms of action for alcohol reduction among increasing and higher risk drinkers.
Fine tuned multi-attack recognizer system of IoT computing environments
Authors: OBAID SHARAFALDEEN , IBRAHIM ABDULLAHI , AL-BARMANI ZAHRAA
Published: December 2023

In the present era, there has been a swift global proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) applications, driven by their ability to enhance various facets of business operations, industry, and daily routines. Nonetheless, these IoT devices remain vulnerable to malicious network activity, posing a risk of detrimental outcomes and disruptions to their functionality. As a result, it is imperative to devise a screening method for network traffic that can effectively identify and categorize such malicious behavior, thereby reducing its adverse effects. This paper introduces an intrusion detection system designed for IoT environments, utilizing the extensive IoTID20 dataset, comprising 83 features and three class labels. The first label distinguishes between normal network traffic and potential anomalies, while the second classifies anomaly traffic into four distinct categories, including Mirai, denial of service (DoS) attack, Scan attack, and man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks. Further refinement is achieved with the third-class label, which provides additional granularity, categorizing Mirai attacks into specific types like Ackflooding, HTTP Flooding, Hostbruteforceg, and UDP Flooding, and similarly, differentiating Scan attacks into port-based classifications. The methodology employed involves a systematic approach, encompassing critical stages such as data preprocessing, feature selection, hyperparameter optimization, and classification. Notably, data preprocessing plays a pivotal role in enhancing dataset integrity by removing identifier features, handling null values, and addressing noisy feature distributions. This process led to a streamlined feature set of 67, paving the way for subsequent feature selection techniques. Correlation coefficient, particle swarm optimization (PSO), and grey wolf optimization (GWO) feature selection methods were thoughtfully integrated, resulting in a refined feature subset of 17, 16, and 22 features for label, category, and subcategory, respectively. A strategic commonality approach further condensed this feature set to just four key features - 'Bwd_Seg_Size_Avg', 'Pkt_Len_Var', 'Src_Port', and 'Dst_Port'. The system's efficacy was further bolstered through the utilization of CHIO for fine-tuning the decision tree model, resulting in promising accuracy rates of 99.96%, 99.56%, and 77.6% for label, category, and subcategory classification, respectively. This comprehensive system showcases exceptional potential in fortifying IoT network security against a spectrum of potential threats.
Seroconversion and prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen among vaccinated health care workers in Ashanti Region, Ghana
Authors: Obeng Michael Agyemang , Okwan Daniel Kobina , Adankwah Ernest , Owusu Pisco Kofi , Gyamerah Samuel Asante , Duah Kluivert Boakye , Paintsil Ellis Kobina
Published: December 2023

Background
Health care workers (HCWs) constantly stand a high risk of exposure to the hepatitis B virus because of the nature of their work. Hence, it is mandatory for HCWs to undergo hepatitis B vaccination. However, most HCWs in Ghana do not check their HBsAb titre after completion of their primary vaccination. This study assessed the prevalence of HBsAg and the seroconversion rate among vaccinated health care workers in the Ashanti Region, Ghana.
Materials and methods
A semi-structured open-ended questionnaire was pretested and administered to 424 HCWs. Two (2) ml of blood was drawn and qualitative analyses (HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb and HBcAb) were done on the blood samples. Samples that tested positive to HBsAb were quantified using ELISA. Data obtained were analysed using GraphPad Prism 9.
Results
Out of the 424 study participants, 271 (63.9%) were females and 153 (36.1%) were males. Seroconversion (≥1 mIU/mL) and seroprotection (≥10 mIU/mL)through vaccination onlyamong study participants were 67.5% (n/N = 286/424) and 58.0% (n/N =246/424) respectively. Prevalence of hepatitis B viral infection was 2.4% (n/N = 10/424). Anti-HBc sero-positivity was 13.2% and anti-HBs seronegativity was 24.1%. 2.4% (n/N = 10/424) of study participants were negative to HBsAg but positive to HBcAb. Additional 8.5% (n/N = 36/424) of the study participants were seroprotected due to exposure and recovery from previous HBV infection. Age, the number of doses received, taking a booster dose and keeping a vaccination record card were significant factors influencing seroconversion status.
Conclusion
This study reaffirms the need for HCWs to undergo a supervised primary hepatitis B vaccination course. Post-vaccination serological testing should be done for all HWCs to confirm immunity and to reduce their chances of contracting HBV infection.
Influence of the soil properties on meso-mechanical behaviors of Soil-rock mixtures
Authors: Khan Kaleem Ullah Jan , Xu Wen-Jie , Zhang 张杨杨 , Wang Hong-Bin
Published: December 2023

Soil-rock mixtures (S-RMs) are widely distributed in nature that extensively encounter geohazards as landslides and debris flows. The meso-mechanical behaviors of such geomaterials are quite complex due to varying rock block content and soil composition. This study considers two types of S-RM samples with varying physical properties. A series of triaxial tests under different consolidated drained (saturated and unsaturated) and undrained conditions with varying confining stresses are performed, and the influence of soil properties on the meso-mechanical response of S-RMs are studied. The experimental investigations revealed that the soil properties, even with the similar percentage of rock content, significantly influence the mechanical behaviors of S-RM. The findings indicate that the strength parameters and rock block breakage ratio of S-RM samples with non-cohesive soil exhibit decreased susceptibility to influence compared to S-RM samples with cohesive soils. Both samples (S1 and S2) exhibited an apparent hardening trend in their stress-strain mechanism under consolidated drained unsaturated conditions without reaching a peak stress. Furthermore, the modified Mohr-Coulomb relationship with a power law function is suggested to obtain the p-qlinear relationship of shear strength parameters of S-RM after the particle breakage in the tests of different types of samples. The present study paved the way for new insights into meso-mechanical behavior and deformation mechanisms in S-RMs existing in nature.
A novel semiquantum key distribution protocol with Bell states
Authors: Sun Zhenying
Published: December 2023

In this paper, a novel semiquantum key distribution (SQKD) protocol is proposed by using Bell state, where quantum Alice can sharesecret bits with classical Bob via quantum channel. Classical Bob is required to measure particles with thebasis, produce fresh particles within thebasis and send particles via quantum channel. Security analysis turns out that this protocol is immune to various attacks launched by the outside eavesdropper. Compared with present SQKD protocols using Bell states without a third party, on one hand, this protocol has the highest qubit efficiency; and on the other hand, the reflecting operations of the classical user in this protocol contribute to the generation of final shared key.
Application of Remote Sensing and Geophysical Methods for Delineating Groundwater Potential at North Western Nigeria
Authors: Osumeje Joseph , Eshimiakhe Daniel , Oniku Adetola Sunday , Lawal Kola
Published: December 2023

The hydrogeological environment can be mapped and groundwater zones identified by combining geophysical and remote sensing methods. In the Palladan and Basawa region of Sabon-Gari local government area in Kaduna state, northwest Nigeria, subsurface features that serve as conduits for groundwater flow are identified and removed using an integrated methodology. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to enhance, weight, prioritize, and rank a number of remote sensing and geographic datasets. A GIS platform was then utilized to integrate thematic data and create a groundwater potentiality zonation (GWPZ) map. Topographic lineaments in the area are brought to light in remote sensing data using the lineament extraction technique. Based on the lineament density map, the distribution of these lineaments reveals the degree of porosity or permeability in each area and, consequently, its groundwater potential. Aeromagnetic data filtering permits the construction of a structural map that illustrates various geophysical lineaments that are known to be fault systems in the research area. These faults are the main routes via which groundwater seeps to the subsurface and granitoid-type magnetic rocks intrude into the basement. The research region is badly fractured/failed and made up of four lithologic units, including the aquifer layer (clayey sands in the cracked basement) with thicknesses varying from 12–55 m, according to the vertical electrical sounding (VES) applications. According to geoelectric cross-sections, the subsurface structures are made of granitic rocks that are surrounded by normal faults that trend both NW and NE. It is believed that groundwater flows into the hard rock aquifers in the studied locations through these notable geological features, such as faults and fractures.