bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MEDIA SOSIAL MENJERAT MANUSIA DI MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Utami Aulia Ramadhina Wiji
Published: January 2021

Social media has now become people's daily behavior. Starting from the children to the older generation cannot be separated from the existence of social media. The rapid development of technology coupled with the presence of the corona virus pandemic has an impact on all sectors of life, including social life. People, especially in urban areas, have to refrain from going out of the house. The writing of this article discusses how humans can get entangled with social media and the effects of the COVID-19 virus pandemic. The writer uses her personal experience of what she felt during her lifetime in the midst of a viral storm and added from several opinions or theories from the journal references of Lambung Mangkurat University lecturers as review material. The results of this writing show that social media has become a human need to be able to maintain the social, psychological and economic factors of each individual during the corona virus pandemic.
Probing the overarching continuum theory: Data-driven phenotypic clustering of children with ASD or ADHD
Authors: Deserno Marie Katharina , Bathelt Joe , Groenman Annabeth , Geurts Hilde
Published: January 2021

The clinical validity of the distinction between ADHD and ASD is a longstanding discussion. Recent advances in the realm of data-driven analytic techniques now enable us to formally investigate theories aiming to explain the frequent co-occurrence of these neurodevelopmental conditions. In this study, we probe different theoretical positions by means of a pre-registered integrative approach of novel classification, subgrouping and taxometric techniques in a representative sample (N=434) and replicate the results in an independent sample (N=219) of children (ADHD, ASD, and typically developing) aged 7 to 14 years. First, Random Forest Classification could predict diagnostic groups based on questionnaire data with limited accuracy - suggesting some remaining overlap in behavioural symptoms between them. Second, community detection identified four distinct groups, but none of them showed a symptom profile clearly related to either ADHD or ASD in neither the original sample nor the replication sample. Third, taxometric analyses showed evidence for a categorical distinction between ASD and typically developing children, a dimensional characterization of the difference between ADHD and typically developing children and mixed results for the distinction between the diagnostic groups. We present a novel framework of cutting-edge statistical techniques which represent recent advances in both the models and the data used for research in psychiatric nosology. Our results suggest that that ASD and ADHD cannot be unambiguously characterised as either two separate clinical entities or opposite ends of a spectrum and highlight the need to study ADHD and ASD traits in tandem.
Reward encourages reactive, goal-directed suppression of attention
Authors: Pearson Daniel , Le Pelley Mike
Published: January 2021

Stimuli that signal large reward are more likely to capture attention and gaze than stimuli that signal lesser or no reward, even when capture counterproductively prevents reward delivery. This suggests that a stimulus’s signalling relationship with reward (the contingency between stimulus presentation and reward delivery) is a potent influence on selective attention. Recent studies have also implicated a stimulus’s response relationship with reward (the reward-related consequences of attending to a stimulus) in reducing capture by signals of reward. Here we show that this response pathway modulates capture by encouraging a reactive, goal-directed distractor suppression process. In a rewarded visual search task, participants demonstrated an oculomotor preference away from a distractor that had a negative response relationship with high reward (looking at the distractor caused reward to be cancelled) and towards a distractor that had no such negative response relationship, providing evidence for the role of the response relationship in suppressing capture by reward-related distractors. Analysis of the temporal dynamics of eye-movements suggests that this distractor suppression process operates via a reactive mechanism of rapid disengagement (Experiment 1). Consistent with a goal-directed mechanism, the influence of the response relationship was eliminated when reward was unavailable (Experiment 2). These findings highlight the multifaceted role of learned stimulus-reward relationships in attentional selection.
Using Predictive Analytics for Public Policy: The Case for Lost Work due to the COVID-19
Authors: Cheng Kent Jason Go
Published: January 2021

In this brief research article, I demonstrate how predictive analytics or machine learning can be used to predict outcomes that are of interest in public policy. I developed a predictive model that determined who were not able to work during the past four weeks because the COVID-19 pandemic led their employer to close or lose business. I used the Current Population Survey (CPS) collected from May to November 2020 (N=352,278). Predictive models considered were logistic regression and ensemble-based methods (bagging of regression trees, random forests, and boosted regression trees). Predictors included (1) individual-, (2) family-, (3) and community or societal- level factors. To validate the models, I used the random training test splits with equal allocation of samples for the training and testing data. The random forest with the full set of predictors and number of splits set to the square root of the number of predictors yielded the lowest testing error rate. Predictive analytics that seek to forecast the inability to work due to the pandemic can be used for automated means-testing to determine who gets aid like unemployment benefits or food stamps.
The effect of capital gains tax exemptions in non-agricultural private employment in Puerto Rico
Authors: Santos-Lozada Alexis R
Published: January 2021

We analyze the effect of a capital gains tax exemption in employment in Puerto Rico. Actual employment was not different from what was expected based on counterfactual scenarios where the change in policy did not happen. Results suggest that the change in policy had a null effect on the three sectors where this policy sought to increase employment.
Marine Debris Mitigation – Plastic Neutrality through a Credit System in Southeast Asia
Authors: Lee Maggie Ka Ka
Published: January 2021

Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 12: Responsible consumption and production and 14: Life Below Water coincide in the targeting of the problem of plastic marine litter, which has been garnering immense media attention in the recent years. In the Bangkok Declaration of 2019, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) vowed to significantly reduce marine litter. Efforts to reduce unnecessary plastic consumption have been seen in social movements, corporate policies and most noticeably, in regulatory control in the form of bans for specific types of single-use plastic items. A paradox exists as, arguably, civilization cannot sustain its current developmental momentum without the use of plastics, especially with the COVID-19 pandemic demanding higher levels of hygiene. This is the argument that is seen coupled with mass bans of single-use plastics, including packaging material and personal protective equipment. Corporate engagement to manage the plastic value chain in ways that commit to the creation of circular economies is attaining popularity. While reduction and substitution are being considered, the status quo of the scale of the production of plastics is still expected for the next few years as life cycle assessments (LCA), test trials of consumer acceptance towards novel delivery mechanisms and other forms of innovation are emerging. The reduction of plastics in the private-sector is allegedly ongoing but intangible in Southeast Asia. While recovery and collection innovations are underway for application and picking up speed, an unfathomable rate of marine litter entering waterways is still aggravating the bigger-than-ever problem of plastic marine debris in Southeast Asia. Responsible production has long adopted the concept of credits. Carbon credits are the most notable one, while palm oil credits are also prominently purchased by manufacturers to offset any palm oil content that is not yet sourced from certified sustainable suppliers. The concept of credits for plastics has been proposed but remains much less explored than their counterparts for other commodities. “Plastic neutrality” in the form of credit purchasing by manufacturers could likely be the final missing piece of the puzzle picturing a circular economy. In theory, the credit system could serve as an offsetting mechanism to recover from nature an equivalent or higher amount of plastics to be produced by the credit-purchasing responsible manufacturer. This paper explores how plastic neutrality through Plastic Credits, similar to the existing carbon and sustainable palm oil credits, could be applied in Southeast Asia.
Fatherland, Faith, and Family Values: Anti-liberalism and the desire for difference among Russian grassroots conservatives
Authors: Höjdestrand Tova
Published: January 2021

The article investigates how understandings of the concept ‘liberalism’ have shifted among ultranationalist Russian grassroots as the ‘roll-back’ neoliberalism (in Peck and Tickell’s terms) of the turbulent 1990s has developed into ‘roll-out’ governance during Putin’s presidency. A moral conservative Russian grassroots mobilization is traced from its origins as a crusade against sexual education in the late 1990s, to a campaign against reforms of the state child protection system initiated in the mid-2000s. In this time span, understandings of ‘liberalism’ as chaos and elimination of boundaries have been superseded by an image of liberalism as totalitarianism, a conception resembling academic criticism of neoliberal governmentality despite the movement’s rejection of the purportedly ‘liberal’ Academy. The principal rejection of ‘liberalism’ is in practice mitigated also by ideals of communitarianism and civic engagement bearing many similarities to Western notions of ‘civic liberalism’.
Still a Small World? University Course Enrollment Networks before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Weeden Kim A , Cornwell Benjamin , Park Barum
Published: January 2021

In normal times, the network ties that connect students on a college campus are an asset; during a pandemic, they can become a liability. Using pre-pandemic data from Cornell University, Weeden and Cornwell showed how co-enrollment in classes creates a “small world” network with high clustering, short path lengths, and multiple independent pathways connecting students. In this paper, we show how the structure of the enrollment network changed as Cornell, like many American colleges and universities, shifted to a hybrid instructional model with some courses online and others in person. Under this model, about half of students are disconnected from the in-person co-enrollment network. In this network, paths lengthened, the share of student pairs connected by three or fewer degrees of separation declined, and clustering increased, with a greater share of ties occurring between students in the same field. The small world became both less connected and more fragmented. (Corrected page proofs. Paper is forthcoming in Sociological Science.)
Celebrating Teej as a Festival of (Re) union and Enjoyment
Authors: Dahal Kamala
Published: January 2021

Among many festivals that are celebrated in Nepal, Teej, is regarded as the most significant festival observed by women. If we trace its origin as Parvati’s union with Shiva after her long and hard penance, then we understand that it is the festival celebrated in memory of the victory of a wife's love and devotion towards her husband. If we observe the way it is celebrated today, then we come to understand that it is a festival celebrated as an occasion of (re) union with parents, bothers, and sisters in their maternal home and sense of joy and happiness. In Nepal and in most parts of North India women gather at their maternal home, have delicious meals, sing and dance with full sense of freedom and enjoyment during the occasion. Women can also express their feelings of pain and suffering which they have to bear at their inlaw’s house in the form of singing and dancing through which their burdens lightened. While some people still celebrate Teej as a religious ritual in ancient sense, many other people today celebrate it as an aspect of cultural life in modern sense. Despite different views and opinions about Teej, it has been an integral part of life of women in Hindu society of South Asia and beyond. This article explores how this festival provides a sense of joy and happiness to women to the women who are subjugated by patriarchal domination in Nepalese society and are free to reunite with maternal home and family and enjoy fully, if only during this occasion. It is based on the secondary sources and field study.
Why are there Escalating Incidences of Confrontations in Nepali Hospitals? An Anthropological Critique
Authors: Dahal Kapil
Published: January 2021

This article deals with the emerging phenomenon of confrontations and vandalism in hospitals in Nepal. It interrogates how far paternalism and commodification has become the feature of the Nepali health care sector and their interrelationships with each other. With the esoteric nature of medicine and different explanatory models of understanding illness episodes and healing outcomes, there is always a communication gap between the service providers and the patient party. The unfolding of the confrontation process creates space for and paves way for third party involvement in the conflict and negotiation process. The increasing confrontation also reflects falling trust between the service providers and the health seekers. This paper is based on information generated from a qualitative research carried out in two hospital settings in Kathmandu and Chitawan in different periods in 2019.
Problems of Assimilation and Difficulties of Becoming a Man in LeRoi Jones’s Dutchman
Authors: Dahal Madhav Prasad
Published: January 2021

This article attempts to explore the obstacles of an African American in becoming a Man in the white community in LeRoi Jones’s play Dutchman. In doing so, it analyzes the text from African American perspective, which is a black cosmological lens applied to critically examine African American history, culture and the literature, primarily with its focus on cultural assimilation and its aftermath. LeRoi Jones, also known with his new name Amiri Baraka, in this play exposes how the black Americans fall victim of racial hatred in the process of assimilating themselves with the mainstream white ways of life. The major argument of this article is an African American’s process of assimilation with the white culture is not only a detachment from his/her origin but also his/her failure to be accepted by the new culture. It argues that in adopting a new culture, a colored American is twice the victim of his/her past and the present. To justify this stark predicament of colored American population, the article briefly looks back at the situation of the American blacks in the 1960s. It ponders on the entire behavior of Clay, a twenty years old black boy in the play, his fondness in choosing to imitate the white world as a model. His craze for white way of life is reflected in the dress up he is putting on, his mastery over the use of cosmetic language of the whites, his eating of apple given by Lula, a thirty years old white lady who morbidly tempts him for sexual intercourse, his attempt to forget his own ancestral history to make him look more like an American than a descendent of slave. The article also analyses Lula’s stereotyping of Clay and the way she dictates white values and norms.
Storytelling for Promoting Social Cohesion in the Marginalized Communities: A Study of Chautari Nataks
Authors: Giri Madhu
Published: January 2021

The notion of storytelling in playback theatre (Chautari Natak) suggests a dialogue between performer and audience. This dialogue in the public sphere can evoke collective understanding on political and natural disaster victims, and cultivate grounds of negotiation for micro levels of misunderstanding in socio-cultural issues. One of the main objectives of the paper is to analyze methodological intervention employed by the Chautari Natak to initiate sharing/communication between ex-combatant and the local community. Based on field observation and interviews, I argue that the Chautari Natak, as methodological innovation for social dialogue, transforms personal stories into avenues for the socio-cultural empowerment of the participants and promotion of social cohesion. The Chautari Natak performance could be linked to a description of community performance as a way to overcome loneliness and reduce the distance between cultural groups, status groups, and constitute an experience of community for those participants. Marginalized audience or real people, who are focused by Chautari Natak, rarely get opportunities to tell real stories in society. Storytelling in a public forum is a breakthrough in communication among participants, healing of the storyteller, and it can be a general issue for the transformation of the political and socio-cultural understanding. For the theoretical analysis, I employed Van Gennep’s and Turner’s concepts of liminality for the stage of storytelling and performance among the audience. The act of telling a personal story can be analyzed through the lens of Habermas’ notion of communicative practice of everyday life.
Tantric Nuances Arguing Gender Order in Mithila Paintings
Authors: Paneru Pragya
Published: January 2021

This article reviews the Tantric influence in the traditional Mithila paintings and argues how Tantra’s emphasis on femininity can challenge the traditional patriarchal notion toward women in general. In doing so, firstly, the article examines the studies in Tantra and its views toward women in general. Secondly, it analyzes the studies in Mithila paintings and their connection with Tantra and the actual women context in the Maithil community. Lastly, it reviews some of the examples of Mithila paintings to study the presence of tantric symbols, as claimed by the studies in Mithila paintings, followed by a conclusion. The findings suggest that being a highly patriarchal culture, with limited authority to women even in their personal life decisions, Mithila culture yet contains seeds of resistance within itself. On the one hand, Maithil women lack the liberty of sexual expressions, decision makings, and involvement in outdoor activities as the veil in their head symbolically separates them from the rest of the society, except the traditional feminine chores. On the other hand, traditional Mithila paintings mocks the patriarchy through the feminine images and symbols as eminent cosmic power, a source of creation, and destruction. The Tantric images and signs in Mithila paintings shout out the power of femininity, challenging patriarchal beliefs of men as a center and women as a margin. This article stresses that Tantric dualism and its equal emphasis on femininity reflected in Mithila paintings can be used as a powerful religious, cultural, and artistic tool to empower women and subvert the general binary of men and women. Mithila paintings that have become a source of economic empowerment, emotional expressions, and means of awareness of women in the present-day, can also be used to harmonize the male-female tensions and as an effective religious, cultural, and artistic device to tear-off shackles of patriarchy.
Internet Public Sphere as a Counter-Public Sphere: The Question of Effectiveness
Authors: Dhamala Roshani
Published: January 2021

This article explores the nature of public and counter public spheres by studying some existing scholarships on these topics. It discusses the nature and efficacy of internet, especially the Social Networking Sites, when it comes to serving as public and counter public spheres to facilitate discussion and deliberation within a democratic setting. It then relates the feminist groups of Nepal, who have been relentlessly staging online protest movements against the existing citizenship provision in the constitution of Nepal, with the counter-public groups as described by Frazer. It finally delves into the question of how effective these counter-public groups have been in achieving their proclaimed aim of amending the citizenship provision. Through the literature review of existing literatures on these topics, it elaborates on the possible reasons behind the limited effectiveness of advocacy and protests that take place in the online or digital public sphere. Some of the reasons explored are lack of accessibility to the online platform run through internet, inequality in terms of the accessibility to these platforms because of the digital divide created by caste, gender, and class, disproportionate representation of the voices of social groups, failure of internet based protest movements to ignite enough interest and engagement in the public to bring any major change, and failure of online discussions to follow the high ideals set for deliberative democracy. The paper concludes on a note that in order to make such internet, particularly the Social Networking Sites, based discussions and deliberations more effective and change-causing, there is a need to come up with structural and more formalized procedures to connect such internet based deliberations with the real decision making process.
Female Masculinity in Radclyffe Hall's Novel The Well of Loneliness
Authors: Subedi Shankar
Published: January 2021

This paper aims to analyze Radclyffe Hall's novel The Well of Loneliness from the perspective of female masculinity. For that purpose, it uses the concept of female masculinity developed by Judith Halberstam. Seen from the angle of female masculinity forwarded by Habersham, the present paper comes to the conclusion that masculinity falls into crisis as we compare it to how it was defined and understood traditionally. Most of the female characters in the novel show boldness, strength and ability to face and tackle different situations filled with danger and hopelessness. A young woman named Stephen Gordon pursues her passions and embarks on her own subjective world. Her activities and choices are anomalous to the established mores concerning the role and position of women. This is what goes against the conventional paradigm of gender and supports the idea of subversive female masculinity.
Tracing the Traditional Contents and Forms in Contemporary Nepali Paintings
Authors: Sharma Yam Prasad
Published: January 2021

Contemporary Nepali paintings integrate contents and forms of early Nepali arts using impressionist, expressionist and surrealist techniques from western arts. The artworks have intertextuality since they share western art trends and Nepali artistic traditions. These works decontextualize the shared contents and forms and recontextualize them in the contemporary Nepali context through appropriation. The artworks use the same thing for different purposes at different times and places. Contemporary Nepali paintings like Laya Mainali's Saswat, Yogendra Dangol's Vajra Mandala, Buddhi Thapa's Cosmic Wave, Shankar Nath Rimal's Dance of Shiva-Shakti and Puran Khadka's The Form to the Formless have integrated the icons, images and symbols of the Hindu and the Buddhist mythologies, the contents of traditional Nepali paintings and sculptures. The figures of gods and goddesses, their attributes and associated symbols have been presented in traditional Nepali arts in reference to the related myths. Structure of paubha and mandala, decorative patterns, two-dimensional colors and distinct contours are the formal qualities of these traditional artworks. These forms and contents of traditional arts have been reintegrated in contemporary Nepali paintings exploiting western techniques like fragmented lines, rough texture, distorted colors and figures, and dreamlike images and symbols. These playful western art forms facilitated Nepali artists to express their personal feelings, emotions, experiences and imagination in response to contemporary context of Nepal. These artworks present the cultural dialogue, interaction, and coexistence of traditional art forms and contents, and western techniques.
Alternative dietary protein source for nile Tilapia: Giant African Snail (Achatina fulica, Ferussac, 1821)
Authors: Prasad Archana , Chaudhary Karishma
Published: January 2021

The present study was conducted for two months between November 2019 and December 2019 to investigate the growth performance of Nile Tilapia fed with diets containing soyabean 100% (T1), soyabean and Achatina fulica: 50/50% (T2) and A. fulica 100% (T3). The experimental diets were formulated with 45% crude protein content. The stocking density was 30 fingerlings per tank of size 1m*1m*0.8m with three replications for each treatment. The tanks were stocked with the fingerlings of uniform size 9 ± 677 cm and weight 24 ± 0.66g. The experimental fishes were fed twice a day at 5% of their body weight. No significant differences (p˃0.05) in average weight gain, apparent feed conversion ratio (AFCR), daily weight gain, gross fish yield and net fish yield were observed. The study revealed that Giant African Snail (GAS) can be used either as partial or total replacement for soyabean as protein source for the fish. The use of harmful pest A. fulica in fish feed shows bright prospect in reducing the feeding expenses together with its suitable management.
Spatio-temporal variation of fish assemblages in Babai River of Dang district, Province No. 5, Nepal
Authors: G.C Punam , Limbu Jash Hang
Published: January 2021

Spatial and temporal variation of fish assemblages were investigated seasonally from October 2018 to May 2019. Fish assemblages were agglomerated with environmental variables both to spatial and temporal scales. Water temperature, dissolved Oygen, free carbon-dioxide, pH and water velocity of water of each site were measured. Based on analysis of similarities (ANOSIM), fish assemblages were significantly different in spatial variation but not in temporal variation. A total of 1,024 individuals belonging to 5 orders, 9 families and 15 genera and 24 species were collected. The dominated species were Puntius sophore, followed by P. terio, P. ticto and Barilius bendelisis. The Redundancy Analysis (RDA) vindicated that environmental variables of water temperature, pH, water velocity and free carbon-dioxide were found to be contributed variables to shape the fish assemblage structure of Babai River. The cluster analysis delineated that similarity between fish species decreases as the distance of sites increased.
Food and feeding behaviours of Spotfin Swamp Barb Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822) of Singhiya River, Biratnagar
Authors: Risal Anjali , Shrestha Samjhana , Mahaseth Vinod Kumar
Published: January 2021

The present work attempt to present a novel approach about the food and feeding habits of Puntius sophore collected from Singhiya River, Biratnagar. For the study 120 specimens were collected on the monthly basis from March to August 2019, direct from the river with the help of local fisherman. On the basis of percentage of occurrence of gut content analysis the most preferred food item was Green algae (40.6%) followed by diatoms (16.10%), crustaceans (13.50%), protozoan (9.20%), detritus and debris (8.40%), insect larva (7.70%) and rotifers (4.50%). Relative gut length was the lowest at size 4.4-5.1 cm SL and the highest  value at size 9.3-10 cm SL. Gastro somatic index was highest peak at the size of 4.4-5.1 cm SL, which indicate the voracious nature of fish at smaller size. The standard length and body weight show a positively significant with alimentary canal length (r=0.878) and alimentary canal weight (r=0.86.4), respectively. The food and feeding behavior of this fish showed that it is omnivores in nature.
Herausforderung und Chance: die Vorarlberger Landesbibliothek in Zeiten der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Kaufer Marion
Published: January 2021

Dieser Erfahrungsbericht stellt die verschiedenen und mannigfaltigen Vorgehensweisen der Vorarlberger Landesbibliothek im Zuge der Eindämmung der COVID-19-Pandemie dar. Geschäftigkeit, Trubel und vielfältige Vorbereitungen beherrschten die ersten Tage vor der Bibliotheksschließung; diese Dynamik und Hektik hielten in den nächsten Wochen und Monaten an. Dabei zieht sich ein roter Faden durch diese schwierige Zeit: Kommunikation ist Trumpf! Der Artikel zeigt Möglichkeiten und Schwierigkeiten der Vorarlberger Landesbibliothek angesichts der Krise auf und stellt unsere Maßnahmen vor: unterschiedliche Kommunikationskanäle, schnelle Änderungen und adaptierte Services. Dabei regeln organisatorische und rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen einer Verwaltung unsere Arbeit in der Landesbibliothek.
Abordaje de la artritis idiopática juvenil
Authors: Charpentier Molina Ricardo José
Published: January 2021

La artritis idiopática juvenil (que para efectos prácticos citaremos como AIJ) es una enfermedad sistémica, inflamatoria, crónica y de causa desconocida que afecta a pacientes menores de 18 años de edad. Es considerada la enfermedad autoinmune y reumática más frecuente en niños y adolescentes. La AIJ abarca varios subgrupos diferentes y se presenta predominantemente como artritis periférica. El espectro de la enfermedad se manifiesta a través de varias condiciones clínicas. Por definición, el inicio de la enfermedad antes de los 16 años y la artritis durante más de 6 semanas, son criterios necesarios para el diagnóstico de AIJ. El diagnóstico es clínico y la exclusión se realiza con base en pruebas de laboratorio, con hallazgos que apoyen el diagnostico. Actualmente, con los tratamientos disponibles, los medicamentos modificadores de la enfermedad como el metrotexato y la terapia biológica, son de primera línea; así  es posible mantener un adecuado control de la enfermedad y de esta manera evitar las posibles complicaciones.
Riesgo cardiovascular asociado a menopausia
Authors: Bolaños Chaves Bryan Daniel , Ortega Muñoz Estefanía
Published: January 2021

La enfermedad cardiovascular representa una de las principales causas de mortalidad en mujeres postmenopáusicas. Posterior a la menopausia, se presentan múltiples factores que aumentan el riesgo real de enfermedad cardiovascular, dentro de los cuales se incluye el tabaquismo, la hipertensión arterial, las dislipidemias, la diabetes mellitus tipo dos, la edad de la menarca y de la menopausia, así como los síntomas vasomotores, además de factores de riesgo tradicionales del periodo de transición, tales como la disminución de la tolerancia a la glucosa y la disfunción endotelial. Asimismo, se incluyen otros factores, como la disfunción ovárica primaria y la menopausia inducida quirúrgicamente, que suelen adelantar todos los procesos fisiológicos de una menopausia natural, resultando en un importante aumento del riesgo cardiovascular.
Lupus eritematoso sistémico
Authors: González Jiménez Daniela , Mejía Bonilla Susan , Cruz Fallas Marisol
Published: January 2021

El Lupus eritematoso sistémico es una enfermedad autoinmune de etiología desconocida, en donde se produce una alteración de la respuesta inmunológica y una producción de autoanticuerpos dirigidos a antígenos celulares. Independiente del género o edad, cualquier persona puede ser diagnosticada con esta enfermedad, sin embargo, presentan mayor riesgo el género femenino entre la edad de 15 y 44 años. Presenta manifestaciones clínicas muy variadas que afecta múltiples sistemas corporales. El diagnóstico se basa en una historia clínica completa, examen físico exhaustivo y reconocer sus manifestaciones clínicas usuales. También, se debe buscar signos en el contexto de estudios serológicos, incluida la detección de autoanticuerpos positivos para excluir diagnósticos alternativos. Se utilizan los criterios del Grupo International de Clínicas de Colaboración del Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico y los criterios del Colegio Americano de Reumatología para clasificar la enfermedad. El tratamiento consiste en medidas no farmacológicas como cambios de estilos de vida saludable, los cuales disminuyen la severidad, duración de síntomas y previene exacerbaciones. Dentro de las medidas farmacológicas, la hidroxicloroquina es el fármaco más utilizado ya que disminuye considerablemente variadas manifestaciones clínicas de la patología.
Diagnóstico y manejo actualizado del tromboembolismo pulmonar agudo
Authors: Piñar Sancho Gustavo , Abarca Zúñiga Vivian , Moya Corea Sharon
Published: January 2021

El tromboembolismo pulmonar es un padecimiento que se presenta con frecuencia de manera silenciosa, muchos de los casos no se diagnostican de forma oportuna. Es una complicación de la trombosis venosa profunda procedente, principalmente de los miembros inferiores, lo que provoca  la oclusión total o parcial de la circulación pulmonar, ocasionada por un coágulo, que dependiendo de su magnitud, puede o no originar síntomas.
Síndrome de vena cava superior
Authors: Araya Oviedo Alexander
Published: January 2021

El síndrome de vena cava superior, generalmente se presenta en pacientes con procesos malignos y con mayor incidencia, en aquellos con cáncer de pulmón. El síndrome genera manifestaciones clínicas como cefalea que exacerba al decúbito, dolor en región mandibular, cuello y cintura escapular. También, los trastornos por efecto de procesos benignos como bocio endotorácico, sarcoidosis, trombosis asociada a catéteres o reservorios de marcapasos, quimioterapia, por catéteres temporales y permanentes en pacientes con hemodiálisis, entre otros. Para un diagnóstico acertado, es necesario hacer uso de procesos combinados de radiografía de tórax, tomografía axial computariza y venografía de contraste, ecografía y la resonancia magnética, que permitan determinar el sitio, la naturaleza de la obstrucción y el debido tratamiento, con el fin de mejorar la condición del paciente.
Evaluación del síndrome de ovario poliquístico
Authors: Alfaro Murillo Gabriela , Salas Ramírez Bárbara , Zúñiga Fallas Alexa
Published: January 2021

En la actualidad, el Síndrome de ovario poliquístico  lo padecen cientos de mujeres en edad fértil, lo cual afecta a una gran población femenina a nivel mundial. Con la evolución de la tecnología, se han logrado mayores tasas de embarazo en las pacientes con dificultad para concebir, y la fertilización in vitro es la técnica más novedosa que se utiliza para dicho objetivo.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СПРИЙМАННЯ ТА РОЗУМІННЯ ПРИХОВАНОГО ЗМІСТУ ДІТЬМИ З АУТИЗМОМ МОЛОДШОГО ШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ
Authors: Branytska Maryna
Published: January 2021

У своєму спілкуванні люди використовують вислови, підтекст яких набуває вагомої інформації. Через труднощі сприймання прихованого змісту у дітей з аутизмом виникають проблеми розуміння такої інформації і, як наслідок, порушення комунікації. У статті проаналізовано результати психолого-педагогічної оцінки розвитку сприймання та розуміння прихованого змісту дітьми з РСА. Описано особливості сприймання підтексту окремих фраз та цілих текстів, властивих дітям з аутизмом молодшого шкільного віку. У публікації подані результати дослідження сприймання та розуміння прихованого змісту слів, фраз, виразів, тексту. У процесі дослідження з’ясували, що учнів з РСА, від однолітків з типовим розвитком вирізняють труднощі встановлення контакту з дослідником, складність переключення у процесі виконання виконання завдань. Для налагодження комунікації з дітьми з РСА потрібно використовувати прості речення, адже складні інструкції є для них незрозумілими. Вислови слід будувати чітко, конкретно, оскільки діти з аутизмом не розуміють прихованого змісту, що спричинено особливостями конкретного мислення. Молодші школярі з РСА не сприймають підтекст фразеологізмів; розуміють зміст прислів’я буквально, не сприймаючи його прихованого змісту. Також цим дітям притаманні труднощі встановлення логічних зв’язків, що знижує рівень розуміння дітьми текстів загалом та підтексту, зокрема. У більшості випадків, прихований зміст тексту відрізняється від його загального змісту і є закодованим в певних словах, деталях, ситуаціях. Усвідомлення підтексту залежить від набутих знань та досвіду, вміння встановлювати логічні зв’язки. Діти з аутизмом сприймають навколишній світ у зовнішніх конкретних формах його відображення Загалом, школярі з аутизмом не розуміють прихованого змісту, що підтверджують результати нашого дослідження.
STRATEGY OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCEPT OF THE NATIONAL PROGRAM OF MILITARY-PATRIOTIC EDUCATION «HORTING-PATRIOT»
Authors: Borodai Eduard
Published: January 2021

The urgency of the proposed Concept of the national program of military-patriotic education of children and students of Ukraine is due to: the need of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations to call up for military service citizens with a high level of moral, psychological and physical development; the lack in the state of an effective system of training citizens for military service and defense of the Fatherland, which can in a short time to restructure their activities in accordance with the requirements of the time; lack of a single scientific and methodological center for curriculum development, methods of preparing young people for military service, criteria for assessing military-patriotic education, lack of necessary educational facilities in secondary schools for pre-service training and military-patriotic education: low level of training for secondary schools in the subject «Defense of the Fatherland», which does not fully ensure the quality of teaching this subject. The purpose of the Concept is to create centers for military and patriotic education of children and students in all regions of Ukraine within the national system of training citizens for military service and defense of the Fatherland.
Reframing (inner) terror: A digital discourse-based approach to evidential repositioning of reader reactions towards visual reframing
Authors: Domínguez-Romero Elena
Published: January 2021

The present article claims that the British public opinion’s repositioning towards inner terror after the 2017 Westminster attacks was (i) affected by the visual reframing of an original viral press photograph of the attacks targeting a Muslim passerby as an inner terrorist and (ii) linguistically expressed through the use of ‘look’ object-oriented visual markers of evidentiality in written digital discourse. To support this claim, British readers’ commentaries on a selection of online opinion articles reframing inner terror into terror through the use of reframed press photographs will be taken as the corpus of analysis. The ultimate aim of the article is to unveil the British readers’ reactions to the reframed photographs of the attacks as linguistically expressed through their use of ‘look’ object-oriented repositioning strategies of visual evidentiality in order to analyse the repositioning process.
Osmanlı Tarihinde İslamiyet Ve Devlet
Authors: ÇETİNKAYA Gürdal
Published: January 2021

Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları tarafından yayınlanan Halil İnalcık imzalı “Osmanlı Tarihinde İslamiyet ve Devlet” isimli bu eser Osmanlı Devleti’nin değişik dönemlerinde İslami kuralların devlette nasıl uygulandığının ele alındığı bir içerikle karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca eserde devletin değişik dönemlerinde padişahlık yapmış olan önemli kişilerin kendi dönemlerinde ne gibi uygulamalara yer verdiğini de görmekteyiz. Yine eserde Avrupa da yaşanan bazı olaylar neticesinde Osmanlı Devletindeki padişahların durumuna da değinilmiştir. Eserin genelinde her ne kadar Osmanlı Tarihinden bahsedilse de Osmanlı Devletinden önceki dönemlere de konuyu daha iyi anlamak açısından değinildiğini görmekteyiz.
Development of the orodispersible films based on CO2 extract of Ziziphora bungeana with antimicrobial activity
Authors:   School of Pharmacy, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Zhaparkulova K.A. , Gani G.M. ,   School of Pharmacy, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Sakipova Z.B. ,   School of Pharmacy, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Karaubayeva A.A. ,   School of Pharmacy, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: January 2021

The present work was intended to develop the new drug in the form of film soluble in the oral cavity: development of its composition, production technology, the study of its antimicrobial activity. The relevance of the problem is caused by the absence of drugs in the form of films on the domestic pharmaceutical market. The optimal composition of films was selected by evaluating a number of physical, chemical and technological indicators of the obtained films. The article indicates the materials used to obtain the drugs in question, presents the technology for their preparation and quality determination methods: unit measurement methods and potentiometric determination of pH, tensiometric and conductometric methods, thin-layer and gas chromatography and others. Antimicrobial activity of the resulting films has been proven in vitro. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538-p and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 have been used as the test microorganisms in order to study them by disk diffusion method in agar. The introduction of СО2 extract of Z. bungeana from medicinal plant raw materials as active ingredients in medicinal films will expand the range of complex phytopreparations of the domestic pharmaceutical market for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa.
Modeling the extraction process of medicinal raw materials
Authors:   JSC ", Khabarov I.А. ,   International Research and Production Holding “Phytochemistry”, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, Zhurov V.V. ,   JSC "International Research and Production Holding “Phytochemistry”, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, Zhabayeva А.N. ,   JSC "International Research and Production Holding “Phytochemistry”, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, Adekenov S.М. ,   JSC "International Research and Production Holding “Phytochemistry”, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
Published: January 2021

The review considers 26 mathematical models of the process of biologically active substances extraction from medicinal plant raw materials, taking into account factors affecting the extraction process: diffusion coefficient, particle size, layer porosity, extractant feed rate, raw material grinding method, pressure, temperature and duration of extraction, individual characteristics of raw materials (content of the target component) and technological equipment. In general, these models fall into four important groups: empirical models, models based on heat transfer analogies, a shrinking core model, and models based on differential mass bal-ance. Here were described problems that occur in the selection of mathematical models, first of all, associated with the imperfect behavior of the flows of extraction liquids, and the inhomogeneous cross-section of the extraction apparatus. It was shown that first of all the extraction process modeling requires mathematical models to describe the mass transfer inside solid particles. It is also important to take into account the solubility of the target substances when simulating. It is shown that for describing the extraction processes, the optimal models are Naik and Lentz, Esquivel, diffusion, H. Sovová mass transfer, damaged and undamaged cells for calculating the main factors of extraction processes.
Synthesis, molecular and crystalline structure of 8-formylharmine
Authors:   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Kazakhstan, Turdybekov K.M. , Nurmaganbetov Zh.S. ,   Karaganda Medical University, Kazakhstan, Turdybekov D.M. ,   Karaganda Technical University, Kazakhstan, Mukusheva G.K. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Kazakhstan, Gatilov Yu.V. ,   N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russia
Published: January 2021

For the first time, synthesis of 8-formylharmine by the Vilsmeier reaction was carried out. 8-Formylharmine was obtained by treating alkaloid harmine with dichloromethoxymethane in the presence of SnCl4.The yield of the target product was 64 %. The structure of the obtained compound was established on the basis of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy as well as mass-spectrometry data. The crystalline structure of 8-formylharmine was determined by X-ray diffraction. It has been shown that the replacement of the hydrogen atom in the harmine molecule with a formyl group occurs at the C8 atom. It was revealed that the methoxy group at the C7 atom changes its orientation to the opposite one as compared to the orientation in the harmine molecule and its salts due to the mutual Van der Waals repulsion of the methoxy and formyl groups. A weak intramolecular hydrogen bond was found in the crystal between the O2 atom of the formyl group and the hydrogen atom of the secondary amino group. It was shown that molecules in the crystal form an intermolecular hydrogen bond between the same atoms (О2 and НN9A), as a result of which dimers are formed.
Effect of ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic field on the properties of associated liquids
Authors:   Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia, Stas’ I.E. , Pavlova S.S. ,   Yugra State University, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia
Published: January 2021

The influence of the electromagnetic field on the refractive index, evaporation rate and surface tension of wa-ter, propanol-1 and pentanol-1 solutions have been studied. It was shown that the properties of these liquids depend on the field frequency and the time of exposure. The action of the field on the structure of water and alcohols is selective; changes in their properties are due to frequencies that are individual for each liquid. Both deceleration and acceleration of the alcohols evaporation occurs depending on the frequency of the elec-tromagnetic field. Evaporation of the field exposed water is slowing down at all the studied frequency range. There is an increase in the surface tension for water and pentanol, and a decrease for propanol. The properties of alcohols return to their initial values, and the properties of the water remain unchanged after the termina-tion of the field action. Thermodynamic functions of surface water and propanol-1 have been calculated on the basis of the temperature dependence of the surface tension. It has been demonstrated that the total internal energy of the surface increases for water and reduces or propanol-1. This indicates the strengthening of the structure in an aqueous solutions and a weakening of intermolecular interaction in the propanol-1 medium.
Effect of pH and water irradiation with the electromagnetic field on the gelation of gelatin solutions
Authors:   Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia, Stas’ I.E. , Pavlova S.S. ,   Yugra State University, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia
Published: January 2021

The rate of gelation was determined from the curve slope of the dependence of the gelatin solution relative viscosity on time at different pH. It was found that slow gelation of 2 % gelatin solution occurs at T = 293 K, and the degree of fluidity significantly depends on рН. The most stable jellies are formed at the isoelectric point (рН = 4.7). There are significant differences in the physical state of jellies prepared on irradiated water and control samples. Prepared on unirradiated water jellies are more mobile and retain fluidity at T = 293 K regardless of рН. There is a partial or full melting of the jellies with the increase in temperature at 297 K; however solid state remains for irradiated systems at pH = 4 and 4.7. It was shown that the viscosity of the ir-radiated solution and the rate of its increase are higher in comparison with the control samples at all pH val-ues except рН = 2. The observed phenomenon can be caused by the weakening of the hydration of polymer macromolecules in the activated water, which facilitates their association and the formation of a structured system.