bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Политиката на Българската комунистическа партия към българския футбол (1944 - 1989)
Authors: Борисов Теодор
Published: October 2024

Като най-популярен от всички спортове, футболът е един от социалните феномени на XX век. Поради тази причина по време на социалистическата епоха Българската комунистическа партия (БКП) иска да контролира красивата игра по същия начин, както всеки аспект на обществото. За разлика от спортистите в индивидуалните спортове (борба, бокс, вдигане на тежести), футболистите не могат да печелят олимпийски, световни и европейски титли и не се вписват в системата за пропаганда на българските спортни постижения (съответно постиженията на режима). Въпреки това футболът е най-подкрепяният спорт в социалистическа България и приоритет на всяка спортна организация, която не се съобрази с неговите успехи. Ето защо най-важните намеси на ВСР във футбола (1970 г. след провала на Световното първенство по футбол през същата година и 1985 г. след скандала по време на финала за Купата на България между „Левски“ и „ССКА“) бяха свързани със санкции, които не доведоха до положителни промени и спряха развитието на този спорт.
За произхода и социалната същност на чорбаджиите през XVIII в.
Authors: Георгиева Цветана
Published: October 2024

През 1877 г. хърватскюп правен историк В. Богишпч по време нa престоя си в България в хода на Руско-турската освободителна война прави опит чрез детайлно разработен въпросник да разкрие икономическата, обществената и политическата същност на едно специфично българско възрожденско явление - чорбаджийството. Този пръв, съвсем наскоро публикуван опит може да се счита за начало на многогодишните изследвания на проблема в нашата историография. Отговорите, които получава В. Богишич от свищовския съдия Боров, показват трудностите, с които ще се сблъскват по-сетне всички, които биват изкушени от тази тема. Неяснота в развитието и функциите на чорбаджийския институт, противоречивост, подчертан негативизъм към неговите представители - това е същността на отговорите, които получава хърватският изследвач. В следосвобожденската ни историография в общи линии преобладават негативните оценки на чобраджиите като оръдия на османската власт срещу собствения им народ. Срещу тях противостоят плахи опити за оневиняването им, в които се показва позитивната роля на някои от чорбаджиите в културната и икономическата история на българите, или пък такива, които твърде несполучливо се опитват да ги представят като покровители и даже водачи на масите. Представителите на марксическата мисъл първи потърсиха класовата характеристика на чорбаджийството, свързвайки го с турската феодална структура на възрожденската ни икономика. В следвоенната ни историография се аргументира мнението, че чорбаджиите са представители на едрата българска буржоазия. Тези диаметрално противоположни оценки породих:а остра дискусия, която въпреки безспорните фактологически приноси и едно по-сериозно вглъбяване в проблема показа все още неизживените следи от романтизма в българската историческа мисъл. Представяните оценки и формулировки бяха повлияни от мненията на дейците на българската националноосвободителна революция, а не от задълбоченото и всестранно интерпретиране на фактите.
Sevastocrator Strez
Authors: Savcheva Elena
Published: October 2024

In the conditions of the visible weakening of the Bulgarian state under Kaloy's new successor Boryl (1207-1218) and the growing resistance against the Latin invaders, the Principality of Prosek was formed, headed by the Bulgarian boyar Strez. Breaking away from the central authority, he seized hours of northern and middle Macedonia and established himself as an independent ruler in the strong fortress of Prosek along the Middle Vardar. A relative and a retainer of the Asen dynasty, Strez was the first official mentioned with the title of sevastokrator in the Second Bulgarian State. An examination of his social position and participation in political life will contribute both to clarifying the complex socio-political situation on the Balkan Peninsula at the end of the first and the beginning of the second decade of the 13th century, and to illuminating the nature of the sevastokratorial dignity, to determining its place in the Bulgarian state rank list and the role of its holder in the supreme government of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom. To this end, it is necessary to examine some basic issues related to the disclosure of the place and role of the Sevastokrator Strez in Bulgarian state life: 1) the information of the sources about the sevastoprator Strez and the spread of the name Strez in Slavic onomastics; 2) the genealogical connections of Strez with the Asen family and his identification with the former Prosek ruler Khriz; 3) foreign political relations of the Prosek principality with Serbia,  Despotate of Epirus, the Latin Empire and Bulgaria; 4) the time when Strez received his sevastokratorial title; 5) the functions of the sevastokrator on the territory of the Prosek dominion.
Мартин Лутер между Средновековието и Новото време
Authors: Николов Йордан
Published: October 2024

В историята на раннобуржоазната германска революция се извисяват колосалните фигури на Мартин Лутер (1483-1546) и Томас Мюнцер (1490- 1525), възглавителите на двете основни направления в дълбокия социален конфликт, разтърсил Европа - умереното - бюргерското, и революцион­ ното-селско-плебейското. Свързани в една или друга степен с развитието на масовото антифеодално движение в Германия през XVI в., двамата реформа­ тори притежават както редица общи черти, характерни за борците срещу господствуващия обществен порядък, тъй и някои неповторими своеобразия. Ако Лутер с акта от 31. Х. 1517 r. поставя началото на общогерманското реформационно движение, Мюнцер е свързан с най-rолемия размах на револю­ цията, намерила връхната си точка във Великата селска война (1524-1525). Това означава, че тяхната дейност, макар и различна по идейния си заряд, се влива в общия единен поток на раннобуржоазната революция, започнала с Реформацията и завършила с епопеята на селско-плебейските маси, вдиг­ нали се на борба за разрушаването на господствуващия феодален режим, за изграждането на един нов обществен ред. Единият застава начело на дви­ жението, но когато вижда неговия неудържим революционен размах, изпла­ шен от неизвестността на социалния катаклизъм, преминава на страната на князете, другият продължава борбата до нейните върхове, предвожда смело отрядите на градския плебс и селската беднота и накрая дава живота си в името на своите утопично-комунистически идеи. Единият осъжда револю­ цията, другиятсе превръша в неин неуморим пламенен защитник и идеолог. За разлика от Мюнцер, който превъзмогва границите на своето столетие и в идеологическите си схващания предусеша, профитира бъдещите комунисти­ чески дни, Лутер остава в рамките на преломното преходно време, в което живее, без да може да излезе извън рамките на епохата си. В това се заключава една от причините за неговата историческа ограниченост.
Вътрешна тракийска революционна организация (1920-1926)
Authors: Трифонов Стайко
Published: October 2024

Берлинският договор от 1878 г .. разпокъсва българския народ. В пределите на Турция остава не само Македония, но и цяла Южна Тракия. Според проучванията на наши и чужди учени само броят на българите в Одринския вилает възлиза на около 300 000 души. В първите две десетилетия след Руско-турската война (1878) националното движение на българите в Тракия се развива под знака на утвърждаването на българското национално съзнание чрез църквата и училищата. За сравнително кратко време от 1878 до 1912 г. тук се откриват над 200 български училища и почти също толкова български църкви. В класните училища и особено в българската мъжка гимназия „Д-р Петър Берон" в гр. Одрин се формира българска интелигенция, обзета от висок патриотичен дух. Тя образува гръбнака на създадената в края на 90-те години на XIX в. революционна организация в Одринско, която е неразделна част от Вътрешната македоно-одринска революционна организация. Нейната основна цел е извоюването на автономия за Македония и Одринско като етап в борбата за обединение с България.
Factors Influencing Participation in County Budget Making Process and Economic Empowerment among The Youth in West Pokot County, Kenya
Authors: Wachelon Andrew Maklap , Indeche Annah
Published: October 2024

The study aimed to explore the factors influencing youth participation in the county budget-making process and its impact on economic empowerment in West Pokot County, Kenya. It identified a significant gap in understanding how participatory budgeting linked to budget implementation affected youth involvement, despite its legislative support. The research noted low participation rates, indicating a symbolic rather than a substantive engagement in the process. To address these gaps, the study focused on several key objectives: examining the effects of access to information, assessing the knowledge and skills of youth regarding budget participation, exploring their attitudes toward the process, and evaluating the impact of meeting locations on participation. Conducted between January and March 2023, the study employed a descriptive research design, targeting a sample of 120 youths aged 18-35 from four constituencies in West Pokot County. Through purposive sampling, data were collected using questionnaires that incorporated both closed and open-ended questions. The research found that access to information significantly influenced youth participation. Many respondents indicated that while some information was available, it was often inadequate or poorly communicated. Additionally, the study revealed that knowledge and skills directly impacted the youth’s confidence and ability to engage in the budgeting process. Attitudes towards participation were mixed, with some youths believing their involvement could lead to better economic outcomes, while others expressed skepticism about the value of their contributions. Furthermore, the study examined the location of budget meetings, determining that accessibility played a crucial role in youth attendance. When meetings were held closer to their residences, participation rates increased. The results suggested that improving access to information, enhancing training programs, fostering positive attitudes, and strategically selecting meeting locations could collectively empower youth economically. Overall, the findings underscored the need for targeted strategies to improve participatory budgeting and economic outcomes for youths in West Pokot County.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Bio Herbal Dalam Menunjang UMKM Desa Pembuang Hulu II
Authors: Maulana Azis  , Emie Hayati  , Maulina Rosyita Sari  , Maulana Maulana  , Melisa Melisa  , Muhammad Fahrizal  , Wehdawati Wehdawati
Published: October 2024

This service, which has been carried out by real work course (KKN) students, explains the process of making Bio Herbal in Pembuang Hulu II Village, Hanau District, Seruyan Regency. This service aims to provide and foster new enthusiasm for the people of Pembuang Hulu II Village in carrying out entrepreneurial activities or MSMEs by providing training in making Bio Herbal by explaining the steps in marketing activities that can be carried out so that in the future it can become a provision for the community or that already in running their business optimally, apart from that, also to find out how Real Work Lecture (KKN) students have an influence on improving the standard of living and welfare of the people of Pembuang Hulu II Village, Hanau District, Seruyan Regency. The method used by KKN students as the implementing team is to use skills, knowledge and mentoring training methods for training participants who have an interest in continuing to develop the results of the training up to the marketing stage. The impact resulting from training in making Bio Herbal can be a new, sustainable opportunity and can become a characteristic of the Pembuang Hulu II Village community.
Tata Kelola Administrasi Kurikulum dan Perpustakaan : Analisis Kualitas Layanan untuk Mahasiswa di SMK Plus Nahdlatul Ulama Sidoarjo
Authors: Maulida Nikmatul Azizah  , Kafidin Muzakki
Published: October 2024

Education plays a crucial role in shaping competent and competitive human resources. At SMK Plus Nahdlatul Ulama Sidoarjo, the success of education relies not only on a quality curriculum but also on effective administrative management and supporting facilities such as libraries. This study aims to analyze the quality of curriculum administration and library services using a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and document analysis. The findings indicate that good governance in curriculum administration and library services significantly impacts student satisfaction. Recommendations are expected to assist further development in the management of the curriculum and library, enabling students to optimally utilize educational resources.
Upaya Meningkatkan Kepedulian Masyarakat Dalam Pembayaran Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan
Authors: Elda Ermawati  , Hanida Hanida  , Muhammad Nasir  , Novita Ariani  , Salaras Wita  , Siti Nabila Safarina
Published: October 2024

Land and Building Tax (PBB) is one of the revenues for local governments which is very important for funding infrastructure development, health services, education and other public services. PBB has a very significant role in community compliance and awareness in paying PBB in various regions is still said to be low. This is usually caused by several factors such as a lack of socialization, minimal transparency in the use of PBB funds, and low public awareness of the use of PBB payments, which is the main cause of low taxpayer compliance. The aim of this research is to identify strategies to be implemented to increase public awareness and compliance in paying PBB. This research uses a qualitative approach using observation and documentation methods. This research shows that the results show that by having regular outreach campaigns or outreach, utilizing information technology in the payment process, as well as developing a compensation and public quality improvement system funded by PPB, it will be an effective step to increase public compliance in paying taxes. Apart from that, involving several community leaders and non-governmental organizations in tax awareness outreach or education is also able to strengthen community responsibility and participation in regional development. By implementing existing strategies, it is hoped that we will be able to overcome problems such as low awareness and low community compliance in PBB payments, which will then be able to support the sustainability of the ability to achieve goals in implementing regional development programs
Pendampingan Fasilitasi Pojok Baca sebagai Sarana Edukasi dan Peningkatan Literasi pada Pelajar di Desa Tewang Kadamba Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Abi Umaroh  , Erna Wijayanti  , Abdul Malik  , Moh. Masrur
Published: October 2024

The lack of facilities and supporting resources for teaching and learning activities in educational institutions and places of worship in Tewang Kadamba Village is a major factor hindering the development of students' literacy skills. In fact, literacy skills are one of the most fundamental aspects that every student must possess to support their continuity as individuals who are expected to live intelligently and with character. One of the breakthroughs offered by the researchers to solve the question as intended is by organizing a reading corner facilitation and facilitation to support the literacy skills of students in the Tewang Kadamba village. Therefore, this research is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the reading corn facilitation as a means of education and literacy improvement for students in Tewang kadamba village, central Kalimantan. The qualitative descriptive method was chosen to gain a deep understanding of the social, cultural, and historical context of a phenomenon. The research results show that reading corners can be an effective strategy to increase students' reading interest. Through three stages, namely planning, implementation, and evaluation, the provision of reading corner facilities has proven to enhance the love of reading and change students' positive attitudes towards literacy culture, both at school and in places of worship.
Sosialisasi Pengenalan Laporan Keuangan Sederhana dan Kewirausahaan untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Keuangan Bagi Generasi Z di SMK Satrya Budi Perdagangan
Authors: Syahilla Lubis  , Enjela Kasmawati  , Dinda Tri Jelita  , Mutiah Khaira Sihotang
Published: October 2024

This outreach program aims to increase financial literacy among Generation Z students at Satrya Budi Trade Vocational School through the introduction of simple financial reports and entrepreneurship. In the digital era which is characterized by easy access to information, understanding personal financial management and entrepreneurship is very important. This activity involves interactive presentations, financial recording simulations, and group discussions to provide hands-on experience to students. The evaluation results showed an increase in students' understanding of financial and entrepreneurship concepts, with participants being successful in answering evaluation questions well. With this program, it is hoped that students can develop the skills needed to manage finances and start a business in the future.
Upaya Meningkatkan UMKM Ketupat Viral Desa Hamparan Perak Menggunakan Social Media
Authors: Mitha Zulaima  , Tri Zahwanda  , Salman Nasution
Published: October 2024

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are encouraged to leverage social media as an online marketing tool to reach a broader market. Currently, social media is easily accessible and widely favored by people worldwide. Therefore, MSME entrepreneurs are recommended to utilize social media as a means to share information about their products with consumers online. This research aims to assist and convince MSME entrepreneurs in Hamparan Perak Village about the benefits of social media for expanding their marketing reach. Through research on marketing enhancement strategies via social media, it can be determined how significant the impact and benefits of social media are for the development of MSME marketing in Hamparan Perak Village, Hamparan Perak District, Deli Serdang Regency.
Optimalisasi Daya Saing UMKM Jeje Jangek Melalui Literasi Keuangan Digital di Desa Tanjung Gusta
Authors: Nurly Aulia Rahman  , Irwilda Mahliza Nst  , Rahimah Rahimah
Published: October 2024

Implementation of Real Work Lectures is one manifestation of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education, namely empowerment and community service. On this occasion the author carried out Real Work Lecture activities in Tanjung Gusta Village with the main program headline being the socialization of financial literacy to micro, small and medium business actors, especially fish cracker or jangek cracker business actors. The approach used consists of three methods, namely observation, interviews and documentation. The main work program implemented was visiting business actors making skin crackers to socialize about financial literacy and digital promotion. Then the author also held two supporting work programs, namely the socialization of financial literacy education and sharia investment, the main focus of which was on education about investment and financial management and the second was the implementation economic market day for elementary school students with the aim of cultivating students' talents and interests in the field of entrepreneurship. Both the main and supporting work programs were carried out well and without significant obstacles due to support from Tanjung Gusta Village officials, the community and fellow students who worked together to make the work program successful.
Sosialisasi dan Motivasi Pentingnya Menabung Kepada Anak-anak Sejak Usia Dini untuk Bekal Masa Depan
Authors: Suci Rosmadewi  , Endang Isnaini  , Anis Fadhilah Pramono  , Salman Nasution
Published: October 2024

KKN Mandiri is a real work lecture activity carried out by students individually. It aims to increase awareness and understanding of early childhood children about the importance of saving as a provision for the future. The activity was carried out in two schools, namely Nur Ilmi Kindergarten, Jaranguda Village and Muhammadiyah 01 Medan Mandala Islamic Senior High School. Through socialization and motivation to save, it is hoped that children can develop a habit of living frugally and being responsible in managing money from an early age. The methods used in this activity include lectures, discussions, questions and answers, and making creative piggy banks from recycled materials. This activity is designed to provide an understanding that is easily accepted by children with a fun and interactive approach. The results of this community service activity show an increase in students' understanding of the benefits of saving. Students become more enthusiastic in setting aside their pocket money to save, both in piggy banks and in the bank. Through making creative piggy banks, students gain direct experience in the practice of saving and feel motivated to continue this habit at home. In addition, the involvement of parents and teachers also strengthens the positive impact of the program, where they are expected to continue to support children in saving. The conclusion of this activity is that the socialization of saving in early childhood has a positive impact in raising awareness of the importance of saving. The creative approach taken has proven effective in motivating students to start saving. This program is expected to be a foundation for children in forming good financial habits in the future. Continuous support from schools and families will greatly assist in maintaining the sustainability of saving habits in children.
Certain Methodological Aspects of Constitutional Control Models Construction
Authors: Ismailov Rovshan
Published: October 2024

The author of the article analyzes doctrinal approaches to the formation of models of constitutional control, identifies the main criteria and principles for the formation of such models, which makes it possible to make legal modeling more accurate. The possibility of applying natural science approaches to constitutional and legal modeling is considered, as well as the models of constitutional control are classified into traditional and other models that allow to more accurately determine the place of a particular model of constitutional control in the system. The principles that can be applied in the study of models of constitutional control are analyzed, in particular, the principle of exhaustive completeness of the study and the principle of mutual exclusion. The first principle assumes rigor in defining the modeling criteria and, accordingly, the scope of the study, the second principle implies that the criteria underlying one model cannot characterize another. The implementation of modeling in relation to constitutional control is most effective in the presence of a wide range of criteria, which makes it possible to reflect the unique characteristics inherent in various control systems.The goals and objectives of the research were the search for criteria for the formation of models of constitutional control, ways to transform the list of modeling criteria from a traditional closed list into a flexible one capable of reflecting the existing features of individual systems of constitutional control, the study of the doctrinal foundations of model formation, including on the basis of natural science knowledge and modeling methodology.During the research, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative legal and formal legal methods, modeling methods, classification, etc. were applied.
Issues of Ensuring the Confidentiality of Personal Data When Using Artificial Intelligence Systems
Authors: Kovaleva Nataliia
Published: October 2024

In the process of using AI systems in the processing of personalized information (personal data), a number of problems may arise, which this article is devoted to. Among these problems, the authors name the following: data manipulation; the ability to control an individual’s behavior, primarily on the Internet, but not only, since with the development of the Internet of Things, the problem of surveillance will become increasingly global; identification of citizens using biometric personal data; development of emotional AI; the real threat of the introduction of the so-called social rating; the emergence and active development of deepfake technology; insufficiency in terms of ensuring the protection and protection of privacy of the level of legal technologies used to depersonalize personal data; ethical problems arising from the bias of AI algorithms related to personalized information.
“Organization” As a Management and Public Law Category
Authors: Piliya Diana
Published: October 2024

The term “organization” is often used in regulatory legal acts, scientific and educational literature in relation to the activities of public authorities and local self-government. At the same time, the essence of this concept is not disclosed, which, in the conditions of the formation of a unified system of public authority, creates certain difficulties in rule-making and law enforcement practice. The article defines the methodological foundations of the organization of public power, reveals the nature of the organization as a managerial and public-legal category. For this purpose, the doctrinal approaches to the definition of the concept of “organization” that have developed in management sciences are investigated; the essence of the organization as a function of public administration is revealed, its legal nature is established; the content characteristics of public administration and organization as its functions are determined.
Defects in the Mechanism of Prevention of Administrative Offenses in the Context of the Reform of Control and Supervisory Activities
Authors: Karitskaya Anastasia
Published: October 2024

The legislation on administrative responsibility establishes a special mechanism for the prevention of administrative offenses by introducing a submission on the elimination of the causes of administrative offenses and the conditions for their commission. The relevance of scientific understanding of this mechanism and assessing its relationship with other administrative-law preventive measures is dictated by the planned reform of administrative legislation, as well as by the fact that some issues related to the implementation of this mechanism have not been unambiguously resolved in statutes, law enforcement practice and doctrine. The purpose of the study is to identify regulatory and law enforcement problems of the mechanism for the prevention of administrative offenses in order to determine the prospects for its improvement, including taking into account the reform of control and supervisory activities. The objectives of the study include: analysis of the provisions of legislation defining the procedure for making the specified submission and its content; study of relevant law enforcement practice; determination of the place of the mechanism in question in the system of measures to prevent violations of regulatory requirements. Research methods: general scientific (analysis, synthesis, system method) and special (formal legal, comparative legal) methods. Much attention was paid to the analysis of the approaches developed in law enforcement practice, which are illustrated by specific examples. The conducted research has demonstrated that the mechanism for the prevention of administrative offenses provided for by the legislation on administrative responsibility is characterized by noticeable defects (uncertainty of the content of the submission, arbitrary choice of its addressees, etc.), which are generated by imperfect statutory regulation, contradictory law enforcement practice, as well as the lack of the necessary theoretical basis. In terms of assessing compliance with mandatory requirements, this mechanism essentially competes with preventive measures enshrined in the control and supervisory regulation. In this regard, in order to optimize the system of administrative enforcement measures, it is proposed to exclude the possibility of introducing a submission on the elimination of the causes of an administrative offense and the conditions for its commission to persons whose activities are evaluated within the framework of control and supervisory activity.
Doctrinal Aspects of Data Legal Regimes in the Conditions of Development of Big Data Technologies
Authors: Leskina Eleonora
Published: October 2024

The article examines the concept, features, essence of the data legal regime, as well as trends in the legislator’s approaches in this area in connection with the development of big data technology. Theoretical foundations and unity in the understanding of legal terms and constructions lead to holistic, effective legal regulation. The state’s attention in recent years has been aimed at establishing such a balance in the field of ensuring the development of digital technologies, in which digital and technological sovereignty would be achieved, as well as human rights would be ensured. The legal regime of data in such conditions determines the prospects for the development of most technologies. The purpose of the article is to identify such doctrinal foundations of legal data regimes as the concept, structure, types, as well as to study the features of the legal regime of big data. The methods of empirical (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, systematization) and theoretical (methods of construction and research of the object of research, methods of construction and justification of theoretical knowledge) levels are used in the work. Various approaches to understanding the essence of the legal regime are considered, as a result of which the definition of the concept of “data legal regime” is formulated and its features are highlighted. An analysis of the types of legal data regime is presented. The general data regime is considered, the need for its development in relation to non-personal data is noted. The definition of the concept of “personal data legal regime” is given. Attention is drawn to the variety of types of personal data legal regimes, the features of the general personal data regime and its differences from the general information legal regime are considered. The experimental data legal regime and the depersonalized data legal regime, the issues of formation of the data civil legal regime are considered. The goals and objectives of these legal regimes, trends in the transformation of the content of the legal regimes of personal data are analyzed. It is concluded that there is a need to maintain a balance between the right to information and the principle of human privacy, protection of confidentiality and promotion of innovation. It is noted that there is no need to form a separate legal regime for Big Data. A set of rules regarding other legal data regimes should eliminate conflicts and promote the effective development and implementation of big data technologies.
Paid Services Agreement in Modern Civil Law: Theoretical Construction and Prospects for Legislative Regulation
Authors: Gutnikov Oleg
Published: October 2024

The reform of Russian civil legislation, which began in 2008, has not yet affected the special part of the Civil Code on certain types of contracts, and remains incomplete. At the same time, one of the most problematic contracts is the paid services agreement, the regulation of which in the Code is too broad and fragmentary. In the context of the growing role of the service sector in modern economic turnover, such a state of legal regulation of the paid services agreement in domestic civil law is inadmissible. The choice of directions for improving the legislative regulation of a service agreement should be based on an analysis of the legal nature of this agreement and the features of its theoretical design. The purpose of the article is to identify the main shortcomings of the legal regulation of the paid services agreement and to determine areas for its improvement. The methods of research are general methods of study (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, system analysis) and methods of legal science (methods of literal, systematic, teleological and historical interpretation of legal norms). The issues of the theoretical construction of a paid services agreement are considered taking into account the dogmatic development of this issue in domestic civil law and the current state of legal regulation of this contract in the current legislation. It is concluded that the service agreement is always aimed at achieving a certain result in the form of providing services of appropriate quality. The need to improve the general provisions of the service agreement is argued and specific directions for its modernization are proposed. The services requiring additional regulation are defined in special paragraphs of the Civil Code on certain types of service contracts.
Digital Platforms As a New Interaction Environment: Review of the Scientific and Practical Seminar and Results of the Expert Survey
Authors: Tereshchenko Lyudmila
Published: October 2024

The article provides an overview of the scientific and practical seminar “Digital platforms as a new interaction environment” held on April 23, 2024 at the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation and the results of the expert survey. The seminar was attended by representatives of Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, Kutafin Moscow State Law University, National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Siberian Federal University, National University of Oil and Gas “Gubkin University” and others. The presentations of the seminar participants are systematized according to the most relevant thematic blocks related to the functioning of digital platforms: general issues of legal regulation of digital platforms; the impact of digital platforms on human rights; digital platforms in public administration; digital platforms in private law, criminal law and other spheres. The following legal issues are highlighted: the essence of the digital platform from the perspective of law; the impact of digital platforms on the economy, public administration, human rights and changes in their scope and content; risks arising from the activities of digital platforms; digital platforms and antitrust regulation; network effect in the activities of digital platforms; labor relations using digital platforms; protection of labor rights and digital platforms; the risk of discrimination related to the activities of digital platforms.
تأثير تمرينات ( core ) في تحسين القوة الخاصة على وفق بعض القدرات البدنية وانجاز رمي القرص شباب
Authors: قحطان زينب
Published: October 2024

تعد فعالية رمي القرص احدى الفعاليات التي تتطلب مواصفات بدنية كافية غايتها تحقيق افضل الانجازات ولكن يكون الاداء وثيقا قويا ذو توافق حركي ممير فان اللاعب يحتاج الى تدريب فعال مبني على القياسات الاسس التدريبية المنظمة وترى الباحثة ان التدريبات الخاصة في تكوينها في حيث تركيب الاداء الفني من قوة وسرعة والمسار الزمنى للأداء وكذلك اتجاه العمل العضلي منها مع تلك الحركات المؤولة حيث ان رمي القرص يعتمد على قوة القبضة وسرعة الرمي في المرحلة الأخيرة لذا توجهت الباحثة بتصميم تمرينات تدريبية تهدف إلى التأثير الايجابي. المستوى البدني او القوة الخاصة وإنجاز رمي القرص للشباب وهدفت الدراسة لأعداد تمرينات الكلور (core) في تحسين القوة الخاصة ببعض المتغيرات البدنية وانجاز رمي القرص للاعبين الشباب والبالغ عددهم (5) وتم تطبيق هذه التمرينات لمدة سنة اسابيع بواقع ١٨ وحدة تدريبية ضمن فترة الاعداد الخاص وبطريقة التدريب الفتري المرتفع الشدة واجرت الاختبارات الخاصة بقوة الفيضة والانفجارية للذراعين والرجلين اضافة لاختيار السرعة ومرونة الجذع والتوازن  المتحرك وانجاز رمي القرص وظهرت الفروق  دالة بين الاختبارين القبلي والبعدي المتغيرات البحث محاضرا بالباحثة الاستنتاجات المساهمة تمرينات (core) تطوير اختيارات القوة والسرعة والتوازن وتوصي الباحثة بتطبيق تمرينات الكور (Core) في العاب اخرى كالطائرة والسلة واليد والقدم .
Factores que Inciden en la Creación de PyMEs Comerciales Unipersonales del Rubro Panaderías en la Ciudad de Pilar
Authors: Jiménez Vázquez Mariza Lujan , Alderete Morán Liz Natalia , Villalba Chamorro Andrés Abelino
Published: October 2024

El estudio identifica los factores que inciden en la creación de PyMEs comerciales unipersonales del rubro panaderías de la ciudad de Pilar en el año 2023 desde el paradigma sociocrítico. Basado en la teoría de ecosistemas se analizaron los factores personales, socioeconómicos, institucionales y de mercado que inciden en la creación de este emprendimiento. La metodología de investigación fue de nivel descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo de diseño fenomenológico. La población estuvo compuesta por 5 propietarios de panaderías pioneras en la ciudad de Pilar. Como técnica de recolección de datos se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada. Los resultados más relevantes indican que la creación de este tipo de empresas está influenciada por factores personales, como la motivación y la experiencia, así como por condiciones socioeconómicas, como la demanda local y el apoyo familiar. A pesar de las dificultades financieras que enfrentaron, las redes sociales y familiares jugaron un papel crucial. Los factores institucionales y de mercado, como la falta de apoyo gubernamental, no representaron barreras significativas. Se recomienda mejorar el acceso a capacitación, financiamiento y políticas públicas inclusivas, además de promover el uso de tecnologías y estrategias de marketing para adaptarse a un mercado competitivo.
Control de Constitucionalidad en la Decisión Judicial en América Latina
Authors: Bustillos Vargas Gloria Lizette
Published: October 2024

El artículo destaca la importancia de la Constitución y su aplicación en la función judicial, subrayando que los jueces, no solo en América Latina sino en todo el mundo, tienen la obligación de aplicar las normas constitucionales de manera jerárquicamente superior en sus decisiones. Además, cualquier interpretación de normas secundarias o procesales debe hacerse bajo un control constitucional. Esto refleja un compromiso de las regiones y legislaturas de un país, que reconocen las normas constitucionales como supremas y fundamentales, lo que asegura un control constitucional en las decisiones judiciales.
Antisickling, hemolytic activities and toxicological evaluation of three plants species from the Nigerien Pharmacopoeia: Annona senegalensis Linné. Boscia senegalensis (Pers) Lam. and Ampelocissus afr
Authors: DJATAOU KASSOUM
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study consits to evaluate the antisickling and antihemolytic activities and to determine the subacute toxicity of three plants Annona senegalensis L.; Boscia senegalensis (Pers) Lam.; and Ampelocissus africana (Lour) Merr.. The plant material contains leaves and bark of Annona senegalensis roots, leaves and bark root of Boscia senegalensis and the roots of Ampelocissus africana. A single method (80% ethanol maceration) is used to extract the five samples. The antisickleemic and antihemolytic effects are established with sickle cells disease (SCD) in the presence of sodium metabisulfite. Subacute toxicity is tested on Wistar strain rats. All samples showed an antisickling effect but leaves of Annona senegalensis (LAS) showed the highest percentage of antisickling activity (89.55%) at 50mg/ml. The anti-hemolytic effect was demonstrated in all samples by inhibition of hemolysis in the presence of a hemolysant. The toxicity results showed that the aqueous extracts of Annona senegalensis leaves and Boscia senegalensis root bark have non-toxic effects to wistar strain rats. However, some manifestations including fatigue, stretching and slight dyspenea were observed at doses of 150mg/mL and 300mg/mL. This work can contribute as a starting point towards the development of an improved traditional medicine (ITM) method which can help to treat the sickle cell disease. Keywords: Annona senegalensis L., Boscia senegalensis (pers) Lam and Ampelocissus Africana (Lour) Merr. Antisickness activity, Toxicity.
COMPARISON DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY ELASTOGRAPHY FOR DETECTING LIVER FIBROSIS COMPARED TO LIVER BIOPSY: A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS STUDIES
Authors: Firmansyah Arwan , Utama Arya
Published: October 2024

Background: Liver fibrosis significantly impacts disease outcomes in chronic liver disease. While liver biopsy has long been the gold standard for assessing and staging fibrosis, non-invasive ultrasound-based methods are emerging as valuable alternatives. The aim of this study is to systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis to compare the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound elastography with liver biopsy for detecting liver fibrosis based on literatures in the last 10 years.
Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines using the PICO framework. Rigorous screening, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and statistical analysis were performed to investigate diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography elastography for detecting liver fibrosis compared to liver biopsy.
Results: A total of 32 articles were retrieved from online databases (PubMed, SagePub, Nature and Cochrane). After three rounds of screening, seven articles directly relevant to the meta-analysis were selected for full-text reading and analysis.
Conclusion: Liver fibrosis significantly impacts disease outcomes in chronic liver disease. While liver biopsy has long been the gold standard for assessing and staging fibrosis, non-invasive ultrasound-based methods like shear wave elastography are emerging as valuable alternatives.
SUCCESSFUL CONCEPTION AND FIRST PREGNANCY IN A 28-YEAR-OLD WOMAN WITH CERVICAL UTERINE MYOMA AND TOTAL PLACENTA PREVIA: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Putra Ida Bagus Agung Brahmananda Krisna , Arthawan I Komang Juni , Pranamartha AA Gde Marvy Khrisna , Sudiarta I Gede , Novianitri Putu Ayu , Pramarta I kadek , Mahardikha I Nym Gde Dwipa , Adisastra Suryantha
Published: October 2024

Background: Placenta previa is a major pregnancy complication associated with life-threatening hemorrhage. Cervical Uterine Myomas, benign smooth muscle tumors, increase the risk of placenta previa by two to three times, contributing to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as infection, urinary retention, preterm labor, and bleeding. Understanding the interaction between Cervical Uterine Myomas and placenta previa is crucial for optimizing care in high-risk pregnancies and improving maternal and fetal outcomes.
Case Description: A 28-year-old primigravida (G1P0A0) patient was diagnosed with a breech presentation, Cervical Uterine Myoma, and total placenta previa at Klungkung Regional Hospital. The patient had a regular menstrual cycle and no history of comorbid conditions. The patient's management includes hospitalization with strict bed rest, followed by a scheduled elective cesarean section (CS). Fluid therapy will be administered using Ringer's lactate, and preoperative prophylactic antibiotics will be provided.
Discussion: Cervical Uterine Myoma, particularly cervical myomas, can significantly impact pregnancy outcomes, with a prevalence of 1.6% to 10.7%. These fibroids, particularly large ones, increase the risk of placenta previa, a condition where the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix. The combination presents significant risks for both the obstetrician and the patient, including urinary retention, myoma degeneration, preterm labor, obstructed labor, and postpartum hemorrhage. Careful surgical planning and management strategies are crucial.
Conclusion: A 28-year-old primigravida with breech presentation, Cervical Uterine Myoma, and total placenta previa was admitted after three days of abdominal pain and scheduled for an elective cesarean section at 36 weeks. The cesarean successfully delivered a healthy male infant, and a 10 x 10 cm cervical myoma was identified without complications. Postoperatively, the patient had a normal recovery with well-healing surgical wounds and was discharged in stable condition with appropriate medications.
SUBSCRIPTION FRAUD DETECTION USING AUTOENCODER IN CASE OF ETHIOTELECOM
Authors: Wassie Getahun
Published: October 2024

Nowadays, telecom services are becoming an essential communication and business facilitators. However, the development of telecom services motivates fraudsters for illegal use. Hence, telecom fraud becomes a serious challenge in telecommunication sector by losing telecom revenue. It also results in poor quality of services for their customers. Telecom data, SMS and voice call are not free from security issues. Despite SMS, and USSD services becomes good options over installable mobile based or web based applications due to lesser cost and real time support, the methods provide fixed amount requirements which is not dynamic way to address the need of these services subscribers.  The other challenge of these services is that; the services are not safe from frauds as such, especially in GSM switches. Subscription fraud is one type of fraud in today’s telecom business which is a common telecom fraud. The need of fraudsters is to make money illegally or getting telecom services with the intention of not to pay for the service they used. The prime objective of this study is to build a predictive model using deep auto-encoder to detect subscription fraud in case of Ethiotelecom. The performance of fraud detection model is 98.95% validation accuracy on  ethiotelecom call detail record dataset using deep neural network autoencoder and CNN-LSTM autoencder algorithms  at threshold of 0.0103   and 0173 respectively.
Efficacy of Alternative Insecticides against Dusky Cotton Bug (Oxycarenus laetus) to Improve Yield Losses in Cotton Crops through Residue-based Bioassay
Authors: Muhammad Salman Hameed , Muhammad Arshad , Khurshied Ahmed Khan , Nida Urooj
Published: October 2024

The study evaluates the efficacy of leufenuron, emamectin benzoate, and thiamethoxam against the Dusky Cotton Bug (Oxycarenus laetus Kirby) using residue-based bioassay methods. Key findings indicate that emamectin benzoate showed the highest efficacy with the lowest LC50 value, making it the most potent insecticide among those tested. Leufenuron and thiamethoxam followed, displaying moderate effectiveness. The results highlight the comparative advantages of emamectin benzoate in controlling Dusky Cotton Bug populations, suggesting its potential role in integrated pest management strategies. This study underscores the need for environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional insecticides in mitigating yield losses in cotton production.
Issues of Manufacturability of Roller Machines
Authors: Ayder Nabiev , Khushnudbek Rakhmonov
Published: October 2024

Issues of maintenance of manufacture adaptability are considered in the article on an example of roller squeezing machines; recommendations to increase the manufacture adaptability of designs are offered. The geometry and kinematics of the attachment points of the base plate of a vertical-type squeezing roller machine are considered.