bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ATP-Binding Free Energy Simulations Reveal an Allosteric Link Between the Enzyme Active Site and Multiple Functional Protein-Protein Interaction Interfaces in Cyclin Dependent Kinase-1
Authors: Vishwakarma Krishna Kant , Kolthur Ullas Seetharam , Venkatramani Ravindra
Published: January 2024

The ATP dependent phosphorylation activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinase 1 (CDK1), an essential enzyme for cell cycle progression, is intrinsically dependent upon interactions with Cyclin-B, substrate, and Cks proteins. A recent joint experimental-computational study from our group showed intriguingly that acetylation at the active site abrogated the binding of CDK with Cyclin-B. These results posit the possibility of a bi-directional communication between the catalytic site and the protein-protein interface(s). Now, we present evidence for a general allosteric link between the CDK1 active site and all three of its protein-protein interaction (PPI) interfaces through atomistic molecular dynamics simulations (MD). Specifically, we examined ATP binding free energies to CDK1 in native non-acetylated (K33wt) and acetylated (K33Ac) forms as well as in two mutant forms of CDK1, the acetyl-mimic K33Q and the acetyl-null K33R which are accessible in-vitro. We find, in agreement with experiments, that ATP binding is energetically more favorable in K33wt relative to all other states wherein the active site lysine is perturbed (K33Ac, K33Q, and K33R). We also develop an entropy decomposition scheme which reveals, in addition to expected local changes in entropy, significant non-local entropy responses to ATP binding/perturbation of K33 from the 𝛼𝐶-helix, activation loop (A-loop), and the 𝛼𝐺-𝛼H loop segments in CDK1 which interface with Cyclin-B, substrate, and Cks proteins. Statistical analyses over a large set of MD trajectories reveal that while the local and non-local entropic responses to active site perturbations are on average correlated with dynamical changes in the associated protein segments, such correlations may be lost in about 9-48 % of the dataset depending on the segment. Besides, proving the bi-directional communication between the active site and CDK1:Cyclin-B interface, our study provides new insights into the regulation of ATP binding by multiple PPI interfaces in CDK1.
Initial flight test verification of software and hardware in the loop simulations of the flight stabilization system
Authors: Zajdel Albert , Welcer Michal , Szczepanski Cezary Jerzy
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to present assessment of models and simulation results used in the development process of flight stabilisation system that uses trim tabs for PZL-130 Orlik turboprop military trainer aircraft. Flight test of the system allowed to compare software and hardware simulation results with real flight recordings.

Design/methodology/approach

Proposed flight stabilisation system was developed using modern techniques of model-based design, automatic code generation, software and hardware in the loop testing. The project reached flight testing stage which allowed to gather data to verify models and simulation results and asses their quality.

Findings

Results of the comparison showed that the trim tab actuator model used in simulation can be improved by adding play. This reduced the difference between simulation and real flight system output – actuator angle. The influence of airloads on the flying actuator angle compared to hardware in the loop simulation in lab is less than ± 0.6°.

Originality/value

Proposed flight stabilisation system that uses trim tabs has several benefits over classic automatic flight system in terms of weight, energy consumption and structure simplicity and does not need aircraft primary control modification. It was developed using modern techniques of model-based design, automatic code generation and hardware in the loop simulations.
The impact of cooperative communication on co-innovation performance: the mediating role of knowledge sharing
Authors: Fang Wenpei , Wan Liang , Zhou Lei
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Effective cooperative communication and knowledge management capabilities are particularly important in the cross-team cooperation. Based on the social exchange theory, this paper aims to further explore the role and influence mechanism of cooperative communication and knowledge sharing on co-innovation performance in open innovation projects (OIPs).

Design/methodology/approach

This paper takes China’s high-tech enterprises as the research object by using a paired questionnaire survey based on 168 pairs of OIPs. Hayes’ PROCESS programme and the bootstrap technique are used to test the hypothesis model and the significance of the mediation effect.

Findings

This study finds that cooperative communication is an effective mechanism for the internal and external interaction of OIPs. Knowledge sharing plays an intermediary role in the relationship between cooperative communication and co-innovation performance; both explicit knowledge sharing and tacit knowledge sharing have a significant positive impact on co-innovation performance. And the impact of cooperative communication on co-innovation performance is based on effectively promoting the knowledge sharing of partners.

Originality/value

This research incorporates cooperative communication, knowledge sharing and co-innovation performance into a unified research framework to study the co-innovation at the project level, enriches the research scenario on the mechanism of cooperative behaviour, deepens the understanding of the role and influence mechanism of cooperative communication and knowledge sharing on co-innovation performance in OIPs, verifies the mediating role of knowledge sharing to co-innovation, and also helps extend the social exchange theory to a new research setting.
Online abuse: a systematic literature review and future research agenda
Authors: Saha Raiswa , Ahlawat Sakshi , Akram Umair , Jangbahadur Uttara , Dhaigude Amol S. , Sharma Pooja , Kumar Sarika
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The study aims to examine the conceptualization of online abuse (OA) and identifies theories, countries of research, top-cited articles, methodologies, antecedents, mediators, outcomes and moderators of OA and future research opportunities. Two research questions are addressed. How have the past studies on OA progressed regarding theories, context, characteristics and methodology? What future research opportunities can be done in this area?

Design/methodology/approach

This study systematically reviews, synthesizes and integrates OA literature using the well-recommended preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) rules. The literature on OA was synthesized based on the Theory–Context–Characteristics–Methodologies (TCCM) framework given by Paul and Rosado-Serrano.

Findings

Through an examination of TCCM used in OA research, the review presents an all-inclusive and up-to-date overview of the research in this arena and sets a future research agenda to spur scholarly research. This systematic literature review has analyzed top-quality sample papers, published in the past decade. As a result, it contributes to a better understanding of this relationship by analyzing the different types of use and the value added to the shopping experience.

Originality/value

This study provides groundwork for researchers and promotes a deeper understanding of OA.
How perceived crowding changes the interrelationships between perceived value, tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty: the empirical study at Hoi An
Authors: Phi Long Nguyen , Phuong Dung Hoang , Huy Thong Vu
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This paper seeks to revisit the interrelationship among tourists’ perceived value of the destination, tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty in the heritage tourism site of Hoi An. In addition, the moderating role of tourists’ perceived crowding, which has become remarkably common at the site, in such a triangle relationship will also be explored. In other words, this study aims to validate an extended model of perceived value – tourist satisfaction – destination loyalty – perceived crowding.

Design/methodology/approach

The study collects data from 403 tourists who visited Hoi An during peak season through an online questionnaire. The data were later analysed using AMOS and Warp partial least squares.

Findings

The results validate the significant and positive correlation among perceived value, customer satisfaction and destination loyalty. Also, perceived crowding was confirmed to affect the relationship among these three variables negatively. In terms of academic contributions, this paper empirically proved that low levels of tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty among tourists who highly value their visiting experience at World Heritage Sites (WHS) can be caused by perceived crowding.

Originality/value

So far, current literature has investigated the direct (either positive or negative) relationship between perceived crowding and post-visit behaviours of tourists (Nie et al., 2022; Papadopoulou, Ribeiro, & Prayag, 2023; Stemmer, Gjerald, & Øgaard, 2022). Broadening this area of research, the authors of this paper used the social interference theory and the stimulus-overload theory to explain the low level of tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty among tourists who highly value their visiting experience at WHS.
Utilizing functional genomics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to characterize food preservative compounds: A pilot study
Authors: Smith Jeremy R. , Martini Austin , Gibney Patrick A.
Published: January 2024

Chemical preservatives are ubiquitously used to suppress the growth of or kill microorganisms across numerous industries, including the food industry. Utilizing yeast functional genomic techniques, genes and their functions can be observed at a genomic scale to elucidate how environmental stressors (e.g., chemical preservatives) impact microbial survival. These types of chemical genomics approaches can reveal genetic mutations that result in preservative resistance or sensitivity, assist in identification of preservative mechanism of action, and can be used to compare different preservatives for rational design of preservative mixtures. In this proof‐of‐concept study, we performed deletion and high‐copy genetic expression screens to identify mutants that confer drug resistance to sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, rosemary extract, and Natamax. By observing overlapping mutant genes between genetic screens, we were able to identify functional overlap between chemical preservatives and begin to explain mechanisms of action for these compounds.
Rechallenge of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Lin Gen , Wang Zhijie , Chu Qian , Hu Yi , Huang Dingzhi , Wang Jun , Yang Fan , Zhong Wenzhao , Zhou Chengzhi , Zhu Bo , Ai Xinghao , Cao Baoshan , Cao Yabing , Chen Mingqiu , Chen Xiaohui , Chu Tianqing , Duan Jianchun , Fan Yun , Fang Yong , Feng Shuitu , Feng Weineng , Guo Hui , Han Chengbo , He Yong , Hong Shaodong , Hu Jie , Huang Meijuan , Huang Yan , Jiang Da , Jiang Kan , Jiang Richeng , Jin Bo , Jin Shi , Li Jisheng , Li Min , Li Ziming , Li Chao , Lin Jie , Liu Anwen , Liu Si‐Yang Maggie , Yutao Liu , Liu Zhefeng , Liu Zhe , Liu Zhenhua , Liu Zhentian , Liu Zhigang , Lu Yuping , Lv Tangfeng , Ma Zhiyong , Miao Qian , Peng Min , Pu Xingxiang , Ren Xiu Bao , Shan Jianzhen , Shan Jinlu , Shen Peng , Shen Bo , Shi Meiqi , Song Yong , Song Zhengbo , Su ChunXia , Sun Jianguo , Tian Panwen , Wang Jinliang , Wang Feng , Wang Huijuan , Wang Jialei , Wang Qian , Wang Wenxian , Wang Yan , Wu Lin , Wu Fang , Xia Yang , Xie Congying , Xie Conghua , Xin Tao , Xiong Jianping , Xu Haipeng , Xu Song , Xu Yiquan , Xu Bin , Xu Chunwei , Yan Xiaolong , Yang Zhenzhou , Yao Wenxiu , Yu Yao , Feng Ye , Yu Zongyang , Yu Yongfeng , Yue Dongsheng , Zhang Haibo , Zhang HongMei , Zhang Li , Zhang Longfeng , Zhang Qiuyu , Zhang Tongmei , Zhang Bicheng , Zhao Jun , Zhao Mingfang , Zheng Xiaobin , Zhong Qiaofeng , Zhou Jin , Zhou Penghui , Zhu Zhengfei , Zou Juntao , Zou Zihua
Published: January 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) rechallenge in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a promising therapeutic strategy. The situation for ICI rechallenge can be divided into three categories: adverse events (AEs); resistance to ICIs, and rechallenge becomes compulsive because of tumor relapse while the patients had completed a 2 year course of immunotherapy. However, these categories are still controversial and should be explored further. Through voting at the 6th Straits Summit Forum on Lung Cancer, in this study we summarize the consensus of 147 experts in ICI rechallenges. A total of 97.74% experts agreed to rechallenge; 48.87% experts rechallenge with the original drug, and the others rechallenge with a different drug; 40.3% agreed to rechallenge directly after progression; 88.06% experts agreed to ICI rechallenge with a combination regimen; and factors such as previous performance status score, PD‐1 expression, and age should also be considered. Understanding the the clinical studies in ICI rechallenge could bring us one step closer to understanding the consensus. In patients with advanced NSCLC who have suffered recurrent or distant metastasis after immunotherapy, the option of rechallenge with ICIs is a promising treatment option.
Digitalization amidst educational crises: A comparative study of the new media literacy (NML) levels of the Philippines and Myanmar
Authors: Maningo Clyde A. , Hlaing Sa Phyo A. M.
Published: January 2024

While traditional media literacy (TML) facilitates outdated patterns of digital media response, new media literacy (NML) frames the adaptation of literacy to the ever‐dynamic trend of media development. It then raises the cruciality of integrating NML concepts into national educational frameworks. The study aims to explore the case of Myanmar and the Philippines' NML capacity levels. Both countries have a digital media environment enveloped by information distortions mainly rooted in tumultuous political climates. The study leans to notions of educational crises in both countries as seen in terms of (1) sociopolitical contexts that lead to the irresponsive initiatives to improve individual criticality, (2) lack of emphasis on NML response, and (3) the implication of state and individual approaches against false information. Finally, the study presents a multifaceted response to educational paradigms derived from interpretive social‐scientific approaches in seeing the critical issues concerning digital media use.
How the state frames its engagement in renminbi internationalization: The case of Indonesia
Authors: Mellynia  , Karim Moch Faisal
Published: January 2024

The rise of China has accelerated Renminbi (RMB) internationalization. While there seems to be global support for RMB internationalization, there is a gap in understanding how developing nations, facing potential domestic skepticism, rationalize and articulate their support. This article discusses narratives that states use to legitimize their support for RMB internationalization. Using the case of Indonesia, this article examines the country's policy responses to China's RMB internationalization strategy. It uncovers that Indonesia frames its engagement with RMB internationalization not merely as an endorsement of China's global ambitions but as a strategic move to hedge against US dollar vulnerability and to foster broader Asian regional integration, particularly in terms of currency cooperation. This article enriches the existing literature, providing a nuanced perspective on how states navigate the complexities of international economic diplomacy, crafting narratives that align with their strategic interests and policy objectives in the evolving landscape of global currency politics.
Dapsone for paediatric chronic immune thrombocytopenia: Short report from a tertiary centre in South India
Authors: Bharadwaj Niteesh , Munireddy Jyothi , Selvam Sumithra , Bharadwaj Vandana , Prakash Anand
Published: January 2024

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) resolves in most children within 3–12 months of diagnosis. Chronic ITP affects 10%–20% of patients, some of whom require treatment. Several second‐line agents are efficacious in this group of patients. This paper describes our experience of using dapsone as a single second‐line agent in children with chronic ITP. One hundred and three children with chronic ITP were seen at our centre from January 2012 to December 2016. Forty‐five children met the inclusion criteria and received dapsone; 17 (37.8%) were boys; and 28 (62.2%) were girls. Early response to dapsone was seen in 37.8% of patients. The median duration of long‐term follow‐up was 50 months, and at least a partial response was seen in 64.4% of the patients. Dapsone offers good initial response rates and sustained remission in paediatric chronic ITP, comparable to other therapeutic agents available.
Hao‐Fountain syndrome: 32 novel patients reveal new insights into the clinical spectrum
Authors: Wimmer Moritz Claudius , Brennenstuhl Heiko , Hirsch Steffen , Dötsch Laura , Unser Samy , Caro Pilar , Schaaf Christian Patrick
Published: January 2024

Hao‐Fountain syndrome (HAFOUS, OMIM: #616863) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the gene USP7 coding for USP7, a protein involved in several crucial cellular homeostatic mechanisms and the recently described MUST complex. The phenotype of HAFOUS is insufficiently understood, yet there is a great need to better understand the spectrum of disease, genotype–phenotype correlations, and disease trajectories. We now present a larger cohort of 32 additional individuals and provide further clinical information about six previously reported individuals. A questionnaire‐based study was performed to characterize the phenotype of Hao‐Fountain syndrome more clearly, to highlight new traits, and to better distinguish the disease from related neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition to confirming previously described features, we report hyperphagia and increased body weight in a subset of individuals. HAFOUS patients present an increased rate of birth complications, congenital anomalies, and abnormal pain thresholds. Speech impairment emerges as a potential hallmark of Hao‐Fountain syndrome. Cognitive testing reports reveal borderline intellectual functioning on average, although some individuals score in the range of intellectual disability. Finally, we created a syndrome‐specific severity score. This score neither indicates a sex‐ nor age‐specific difference of clinical severity, yet highlights a more severe outcome when amino acid changes colocalize to the catalytic domain of the USP7 protein.
Temporal association between sleep spindles and ripples in the human anterior and mediodorsal thalamus
Authors: Szalárdy Orsolya , Simor Péter , Ujma Péter Przemyslaw , Jordán Zsófia , Halász László , Erőss Loránd , Fabó Dániel , Bódizs Róbert
Published: January 2024

Sleep spindles are major oscillatory components of Non‐Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep, reflecting hyperpolarization‐rebound sequences of thalamocortical neurons. Reports suggest a link between sleep spindles and several forms of high‐frequency oscillations which are considered as expressions of pathological off‐line neural plasticity in the central nervous system. Here we investigated the relationship between thalamic sleep spindles and ripples in the anterior and mediodorsal nuclei (ANT and MD) of epilepsy patients. Whole‐night LFP from the ANT and MD were co‐registered with scalp EEG/polysomnography by using externalized leads in 15 epilepsy patients undergoing a Deep Brain Stimulation protocol. Slow (~12 Hz) and fast (~14 Hz) sleep spindles were present in the human ANT and MD and roughly, 20% of them were associated with ripples. Ripple‐associated thalamic sleep spindles were characterized by longer duration and exceeded pure spindles in terms of spindle power as indicated by time‐frequency analysis. Furthermore, ripple amplitude was modulated by the phase of sleep spindles within both thalamic nuclei. No signs of pathological processes were correlated with measures of ripple and spindle association, furthermore, the density of ripple‐associated sleep spindles in the ANT showed a positive correlation with verbal comprehension. Our findings indicate the involvement of the human thalamus in coalescent spindle‐ripple oscillations of NREM sleep.
Biochemical, biomechanical and imaging biomarkers of ischemic stroke: Time for integrative thinking
Authors: Erdoğan Meryem Şahin , Arpak Esra Sümer , Keles Cemre Su Kaya , Villagra Federico , Işık Esin Öztürk , Afşar Nazire , Yucesoy Can A. , Mur Luis A. J. , Akanyeti Otar , Saybaşılı Hale
Published: January 2024

Stroke is one of the leading causes of adult disability affecting millions of people worldwide. Post‐stroke cognitive and motor impairments diminish quality of life and functional independence. There is an increased risk of having a second stroke and developing secondary conditions with long‐term social and economic impacts. With increasing number of stroke incidents, shortage of medical professionals and limited budgets, health services are struggling to provide a care that can break the vicious cycle of stroke. Effective post‐stroke recovery hinges on holistic, integrative and personalized care starting from improved diagnosis and treatment in clinics to continuous rehabilitation and support in the community. To improve stroke care pathways, there have been growing efforts in discovering biomarkers that can provide valuable insights into the neural, physiological and biomechanical consequences of stroke and how patients respond to new interventions. In this review paper, we aim to summarize recent biomarker discovery research focusing on three modalities (brain imaging, blood sampling and gait assessments), look at some established and forthcoming biomarkers, and discuss their usefulness and complementarity within the context of comprehensive stroke care. We also emphasize the importance of biomarker guided personalized interventions to enhance stroke treatment and post‐stroke recovery.
The effect of ambient temperature on bird embryonic development: a comparison between uniparental incubating silver‐throated tits and biparental incubating black‐throated tits
Authors: Hu Qian , Wang Yue , Yu Gaoyang , Lv Lei , Wang Pengcheng , Wen Ye , Xu Jiliang , Wang Yong , Zhang Zhengwang , Li Jianqiang
Published: January 2024

The temperature experienced by avian embryos during development has important impacts on their growth and post‐hatching phenotypes. Ambient temperature can directly affect avian nest temperature and indirectly affect it through its impact on parental incubation behaviours. Because the nests of uniparental incubators are usually left unattended more frequently than the nests of biparental incubators whose nests can be attended by another bird when one bird leaves the nest, we predict that the effect of ambient temperature on nest temperature and thus on embryonic development (specifically, incubation period length and hatching success) and post‐hatching phenotype (i.e. potential carry‐over effect on nestling body mass and condition) should be greater in uniparental incubators than in biparental incubators. To test this prediction, we studied two congeneric species, the biparental incubating black‐throated tits Aegithalos concinnus and the uniparental incubating silver‐throated tits A. glaucogularis. We found that although the embryos of the two species both developed faster (shorter incubation period length) when ambient temperature was higher, the slope was significantly greater for silver‐throated tits than for black‐throated tits, consistent with our prediction of a greater effect of ambient temperature on embryonic development in silver‐throated tits. However, the result was not due to a greater effect of ambient temperature on nest temperature, because nest temperatures of the two species had positive relationships with ambient temperature in a similar way. Therefore, it implies a greater response of silver‐throated tit embryos to temperature change. In addition, ambient temperature during the incubation stage did not affect either hatching success or nestling body mass and condition in both species. Although our predictions were not fully supported, our findings highlight the different responses of embryonic development to environmental changes between a uniparental incubator and a biparental incubator, and suggest further research to explore the mechanisms.
Supply contracts under partial forward ownership
Authors: Hunold Matthias , Schlütter Frank
Published: January 2024

With forward ownership, an upstream supplier internalizes the effect of its supply contracts on the downstream firms, which is so far understood to decrease prices. We show that, instead, downstream prices generally increase if firms use two‐part tariffs. The price‐increasing effect of forward ownership occurs with both observable and secret two‐part tariffs, albeit for different economic reasons. The results arise under both quantity and price competition as well as for different belief refinements. Partial forward ownership can be more profitable and more harmful for consumers than a full vertical merger between an upstream and a downstream firm.
Exceptional longevity in Okinawa: Demographic trends since 1975
Authors: Poulain Michel , Herm Anne
Published: January 2024

Demographers have studied the Japanese mortality pattern since Japan became the most longevous population worldwide, half a century ago. Nutrition and lifestyle were considered by epidemiologists, gerontologists and other scientists as the most important reasons explaining the Japanese superiority. In Okinawa, the mortality pattern is even more exceptional, but few demographers have pointed out this exception. Other scientists proposed different explanations – for example some genetic characteristics, less salt and more animal protein in the food, a mild climate, a higher level of activity, a better consideration of the oldest in the population and, globally speaking, a more traditional lifestyle. At the end of the 1980s, lower improvements of mortality among young adults were identified in Okinawa. In 2002, Okinawa fell from the 4th to the 26th place in the ranking of the 47 Japanese prefectures by male life expectancy. This has been considered by the population of Okinawa as a ‘shock’. Our in‐depth analysis of available life tables and associated mortality rates proves that the population of Okinawa is divided into two groups of generations: those born before World War II and those born after. The older generations clearly experience a highly favourable mortality pattern, whereas the younger generations show mortality levels that are definitively higher compared to mainland Japan. This contribution considers which factors may explain such a situation, including the plausible invalidation of the age of some oldest in the population. We plea for in‐depth demographic age validation that will enhance all scientific findings so far and boost the exceptional longevity in Okinawa.
Taxonomy and nomenclature of Oophila amblystomatis (Chlorophyceae, Chlamydomonadales)
Authors: Bishop Cory D. , Garbary David J.
Published: January 2024

The unicellular green alga Oophila amblystomatis was named by Lambert in 1905 based upon its association with egg masses of the spotted salamander Ambystoma maculatum. We collected algal cells from Lambert's original egg capsule preparations that were contributed to Phycotheca Boreali‐Americana (PBA) in 1905 and subjected them to DNA extraction and PCR with O. amblystomatis‐specific 18S rRNA gene primers. DNA amplified from these preparations was cloned and nine clones were sequenced. Along with representative sequences from the Oophila clade and Chlorophyceae, a phylogenetic tree was inferred. Seven sequences clustered within the Oophila clade and two clustered with Chlamydomonas moewusii, which is included in a sister clade to Oophila. By sequencing algal material from the egg capsules of representative type material we can unambiguously characterize O. amblystomatis and define a monophyletic clade centered on this type material. Accordingly, we reject a recent proposal that this species be transferred to Chlorococcum.
Concentration–effect relationships of plasma caffeine on EEG delta power and cardiac autonomic activity during human sleep
Authors: Baur Diego M. , Dornbierer Dario A. , Landolt Hans‐Peter
Published: January 2024

Acute caffeine intake affects brain and cardiovascular physiology, yet the concentration–effect relationships on the electroencephalogram and cardiac autonomic activity during sleep are poorly understood. To tackle this question, we simultaneously quantified the plasma caffeine concentration with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography, as well as the electroencephalogram, heart rate and high‐frequency (0.15–0.4 Hz) spectral power in heart rate variability, representing parasympathetic activity, with standard polysomnography during undisturbed human sleep. Twenty‐one healthy young men in randomized, double‐blind, crossover fashion, ingested 160 mg caffeine or placebo in a delayed, pulsatile‐release caffeine formula at their habitual bedtime, and initiated a 4‐hr sleep opportunity 4.5 hr later. The mean caffeine levels during sleep exhibited high individual variability between 0.2 and 18.4 μmol L−1. Across the first two non‐rapid‐eye‐movement (NREM)–rapid‐eye‐movement sleep cycles, electroencephalogram delta (0.75–2.5 Hz) activity and heart rate were reliably modulated by waking and sleep states. Caffeine dose‐dependently reduced delta activity and heart rate, and increased high‐frequency heart rate variability in NREM sleep when compared with placebo. The average reduction in heart rate equalled 3.24 ± 0.77 beats per minute. Non‐linear statistical models suggest that caffeine levels above ~7.4 μmol L−1 decreased electroencephalogram delta activity, whereas concentrations above ~4.3 μmol L−1 and ~ 4.9 μmol L−1, respectively, reduced heart rate and increased high‐frequency heart rate variability. These findings provide quantitative concentration–effect relationships of caffeine, electroencephalogram delta power and cardiac autonomic activity, and suggest increased parasympathetic activity during sleep after intake of caffeine.
The benefits, barriers and facilitators of mentoring programs for first‐year doctors: A systematic review
Authors: Winderbaum Joelle , Coventry Linda L.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The transition from medical student to first‐year doctor is notoriously difficult, yielding a high rate of transition failure, burn‐out and mental health deterioration. Doctors in this cohort experience unique challenges during this time, which manifest through performance gaps, issues of professional identity, new occupational pressures, and cultural expectations. Mentoring programs are commonly utilised in the medical profession to foster personal and professional development and improve psychosocial well‐being and career satisfaction. However, there exist no systematic reviews examining the use of mentorship specifically for the first‐year doctor cohort, given the unique transition challenges faced by this vulnerable group.

Purpose

Due to their transition difficulties, evaluate the research on mentorship specifically for first‐year doctors, and identify the emerging themes that can inform the benefits to this group, the barriers that impede program implementation and the facilitators that contribute to successful mentorship programs for this cohort.

Materials and Methods

The PEO (population, exposure outcome) framework was adopted to develop the research inquiry, after which, a systematic review was conducted, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. The search strategy was conducted with assistance from an experienced university librarian. Screening and selection were completed independently against inclusion/exclusion criteria, by two reviewers. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs critical appraisal instruments. Data sources used included Web of Science Medline, Ebsco Cinahl Plus, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection and Ovid Journals. Search parameters were restricted to English language and peer‐reviewed; date range was unobstructed up to 26 August 2022.

Results

A total of 4137 articles were retrieved, with 13 considered to have met full inclusion criteria. An integrative review synthesis identified three major themes; benefits of mentoring for first‐year doctors, intrinsic and extrinsic barriers to mentoring programs and facilitating factors that improve successful program implementation.

Conclusion

First‐year doctors report untenable and highly strenuous working conditions, that result in poor mental health and high attrition rates. Formalised, near‐peer, tier mosaic mentoring programs provide significant psychosocial and career benefits to this cohort specifically, bridge the training gap from medical student to first‐year doctor and ameliorate patterns of intergenerational bullying, hierarchy and emotional inhibition. However, mentorship is inextricably interrelated to societal–cultural considerations of identity. Mentorship alone cannot overcome endemic cultural challenges within medicine without broader systemic change; however, programs are a valuable option towards positive support for first‐year doctors.
Diethyl ether anaesthesia inhibits de‐etiolation of barley seedlings by locking them in intermediate skoto‐photomorphogenetic state
Authors: Pavlovič Andrej , Kopečná Martina , Hloušková Lucie , Koller Jana , Hřivňacký Martin , Ilík Petr , Bartoš Jan
Published: January 2024

Light is an essential environmental signal for plant development called photomorphogenesis. Here, we show that diethyl ether anaesthesia inhibits the de‐etiolation process in barley (Hordeum vulgare) seedlings. Illuminated seedlings exposed to diethyl ether accumulated significantly less chlorophylls and chlorophyll‐binding proteins, and exhibited reduced maximum quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (Fv/Fm). Although the direct effect of light necessary for the greening process, i.e. for the photoreduction of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide (Chlide) catalysed by light‐dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase A (PORA), was not inhibited, the RNA‐seq and qPCR analyses showed that light‐induced expression of photosynthesis‐associated nuclear genes (PhANGs) and genes encoding enzymes for chlorophyll biosynthesis were attenuated. On the other hand, transcription of chloroplast‐encoded genes was not negatively affected by diethyl ether treatment during greening. Among the genes negatively regulated by light, PORA and PHYA were only slightly affected by diethyl ether. The effect of diethyl ether was fully reversible and, after its removal, the greening process was fully restored. Our data indicate that diethyl ether had two effects on greening: i) it inhibited the expression of PhANGs and chlorophyll biosynthesis‐related genes irrespective of light conditions, ii) it blocked the light‐induced expression of these genes and greening process of etiolated seedlings. Our study indicates that diethyl ether affects plastid biogenesis, which alters the orchestration of negative and positive regulators affecting phytochrome and/or retrograde signalling and does not allow expression of PhANGs. Thus, the plants are locked in an intermediate skoto‐photomorphogenetic state in the light.
Ukrainians as “Aliens” (Inorodtsy): Governmental Regulation of Ukrainian Cultural Associations, 1905–17
Authors: Kotenko Anton
Published: January 2024

This article presents a history of the imperial government’s regulation of Ukrainian cultural associations, which appeared around the Romanov Empire in the aftermath of the 1905 Revolution. It centers on the prehistory, drafting, and implementation of Circular No. 2 (1910), issued by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and signed by Petr Stolypin on January 20, 1910, which labeled Ukrainian associations “alien.” By studying the document in a wider chronological and geographical context than in previous scholarship, I argue that even though the circular aimed at curbing any non‐Russian nationalist activity irrespective of national group, its more specific goal was to avert a break‐up of the tripartite Russian nation by preventing the inhabitants of the southwestern provinces from becoming Ukrainians. Therefore, the circular’s characterization of Ukrainians as “aliens” was neither an accident nor a bureaucratic mistake, as is suggested in the historiography, but should be considered as a manifestation of the embrace of Russian nationalism by the highest officials of the empire. Additionally, the haphazard implementation of the circular further revealed the multilayered nature of the late imperial bureaucracy, as well as the empire’s inconsistent nationalization on the eve of the First World War.
What goes up must come down? The effect of ‘2020’ on university students' academic performance trajectories
Authors: Whitelaw Emma , Branson Nicola
Published: January 2024

Using longitudinal, institutional data, we estimate the effects of pandemic‐related closures on the academic performance trajectories of undergraduate students at a university in South Africa. Leveraging data from both the 2020 and 2021 academic years, and using difference‐in‐difference models, we find that performance gains made in 2020 are reversed in 2021, with performance dropping relative to pre‐pandemic trends. Moreover, we find a widening achievement gap between students from differing socio‐economic backgrounds, suggesting household inequalities played out in student performance differentials to a greater extent in 2021—despite the reopening of campus residences that year. This result persists even when accounting for the fact that dropout rates in 2021 are substantially lower compared with previous years. Together, results suggest that the improvements observed in 2020 did not reflect true learning gains and support hypotheses that a reduction in content taught, increased marker leniency and a reduction in credit loads were likely drivers of improved performance in the 2020 academic year.
Causal role of immune cells in alopecia areata: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xu Wen , Shen Yuqing , Sun Jiayi , Wei Dongfan , Xie Bo , Song Xiuzu
Published: January 2024

Background

Previous research has highlighted an association between alopecia areata (AA) and the collapse of hair follicle immune privilege, however, the causal linkage to specific immune cell traits remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the causal influence of immune cell traits on AA utilizing a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.

Methods

Leveraging GWAS summary statistics of 731 immunological traits (n = 3757) and AA data (n = 211,428), MR analyses were conducted employing inverse‐variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR‐Egger regression methodologies. Sensitivity analyses were undertaken using Cochran's Q test, MR‐Egger intercept test, and MR‐PRESSO analysis. A reverse MR analysis was performed for immune cell traits identified in the initial MR analysis.

Results

Our study unveiled multiple immune traits associated with AA. Protective associations were observed for CD62L‐ CD86+ myeloid dendritic cells (DCs), TD CD4+%CD4+ T cells, and others, with ORs ranging from 0.63 to 0.78. Conversely, traits like CD62L on CD62L+ plasmacytoid DCs, HLA‐DR on CD14‐ CD16+ monocytes, HLA‐DR on monocytes, and others, were determined to augment the risk of AA, with ORs ranging from 1.13 to 1.46. Reverse MR analysis signified a reduction in BAFF‐R on IgD‐CD24‐B cells post‐AA onset (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95–1.00), with no identified heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy among the instrumental variables (IVs).

Conclusions

Our findings suggests that CD62L on certain subpopulations of DCs and HLA‐DR on monocytes may epitomize risk factors for AA, offering potential therapeutic targets for alleviating AA.
Risk of Low Energy Availability in New Zealand National Team and U20 Female Football Representatives
Authors: Coombes Isabella , Badenhorst Claire E.
Published: January 2024

Background: Rates of low energy availability (LEA) in female footballers range from 12% to 66%, studies are limited, and no research has yet looked at the prevalence of LEA in a cohort of international players. Due to the negative consequences of LEA, more research is needed for a thorough investigation into prevalence rates and the associated risk factors of LEA within international environments. Methods: Twenty-two members of the New Zealand under 20 (U20) and National Women’s football teams (20.8 ± 3.5 years) participated in this study. Participants completed an online questionnaire composed of five independent validated surveys to assess LEA risk (Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire), eating disorder risk (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire), sleep quality (Athlete Sleep Score Questionnaire), nutrition knowledge, (Abridged Sport Nutrition Questionnaire), and mood (Profile of Mood States Questionnaire). Results: 59.1% (n = 13) of participants were identified as being at risk of problematic LEA. Players reporting menstrual disturbances (amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea) were 2.25 times more likely to be at risk of LEA than those who did not report a menstrual disturbance. Menstrual status (R = −.46, p = .030) and Profile of Mood States Questionnaire (r = −.46, p = .032) were significantly and positively associated with risk of LEA (R = −.46, p = .030). Conclusions: A significant proportion (59.1%) of players in the New Zealand national and U20 female football team are at risk of LEA. The positive and predictive relationship observed between mood disturbances, menstrual status, and risk of LEA suggests that regular monitoring of mood and menstrual cycle health may be used for the early identification of problematic LEA in national-level female footballers in New Zealand.
Fast and Slow Jump Training Methods Induced Similar Improvements in Measures of Physical Fitness in Young Females
Authors: Thapa Rohit K. , Sarmah Bhargav , Chaware Utsav , Afonso José , Moran Jason , Chaabene Helmi , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to contrast the impacts of an exercise intervention using either bounce drop jump (DJ; fast stretch-shortening cycle exercise) or countermovement jump (CMJ; slow stretch-shortening cycle exercise) on measures of physical fitness in young females. A total of 23 young females (age: 19.7 ± 1.0 years, height: 159.8 ± 4.2 cm, body mass: 54.3 ± 14.3 kg) were randomly assigned to either DJ (n = 12) or CMJ (n = 11) training, which spanned 6 weeks. Pre- and posttraining assessments were conducted for 10 m and 30 m linear sprints, change-of-direction speed, CMJ, DJ (jump height, contact time, and reactive strength index), standing long jump, triple-hop distance, and isometric strength. Apart from the variance in jump technique, both interventions were standardized in terms of total repetitions, intensity, and surface type. No significant Group × Time effect was observed in any dependent variables (all p > .05). A significant time effect was observed in 10 m (p < .001, effect size [ES] = 0.70) and 30 m (p < .001, ES = 0.79) linear sprint, CMJ height (p = .012, ES = 0.34), DJ contact time (p = .012, ES = 0.34), and triple-hop distance (p = .006, ES = 0.38). Both DJ and CMJ training interventions led to comparable improvements in linear sprints, CMJ height, DJ contact time, and triple-hop distance. These findings suggest that the duration of ground contact during intervention exercises (i.e., fast vs. slow stretch-shortening cycle) did not significantly influence initial (6 weeks) physical fitness adaptations in young females. However, extending these results to highly trained groups (e.g., athletes) warrants further investigation.
Metaproteomics analysis of anaerobic digestion of food waste by the addition of calcium peroxide and magnetite
Authors: Zhu Lirong , Li Wen , Liu Yongli , Li Jinze , Xu Linji , Gu Li , Chen Cong , Cao Yang , He Qiang
Published: January 2024

Adding trace calcium peroxide and magnetite into a semi-continuous digester is a new method to effectively improve the anaerobic digestion of food waste. However, the microbial mechanism in this system has not been fully explored. Metaproteomics further revealed that the most active and significantly regulated genus
u_p_Chloroflexi
had formed a good cooperative relationship with
Methanomicrobiales
and
Methanothrix
in the system.
u_p_Chloroflexi
decomposed more organic compounds into CO
2
, acetate, amino acids, and other substances by alternating between short aerobic-anaerobic respiration. It perceived and adapted to the surrounding environment by producing biofilm, extracellular enzymes, and accelerating substrate transport, formed a respiratory barrier, and enhanced iron transport capacity by using highly expressed cytochrome C. The methanogens formed reactive oxygen species scavengers and reduced iron transport to prevent oxidative damage. This study provides new insight for improving the efficiency of anaerobic digestion of food waste and identifying key microorganisms and their regulated functional proteins in the calcium peroxide-magnetite digestion system.

IMPORTANCE

Previous study has found that the combination of calcium peroxide and magnetite has a good promoting effect on the anaerobic digestion process of food waste. Through multiple omics approaches, information such as microbial population structure and changes in metabolites can be further analyzed. This study can help researchers gain a deeper understanding of the digestion pathway of food waste under the combined action of calcium peroxide and magnetite, further elucidate the impact mechanisms of calcium peroxide and magnetite at the microbial level, and provide theoretical guidance to improve the efficiency and stability of anaerobic digestion of food waste, as well as reduce operational costs. This research contributes to improving energy recovery efficiency, promoting sustainable management and development of food waste, and is of great significance to environmental protection.
Studies of Isotopic Fractionation of D/H Water Ice in Lunar Regolith
Authors: Sevastyanov V. S. , Krivenko A. P. , Voropaev S. A. , Marov M. Ya.
Published: January 2024

In order to study the processes related to the origin and retention of water on the surface of the Moon, an experimental setup has been created at the Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (GEOKHI RAS), for the analysis of (re)sublimation processes of water ice in a vacuum at low temperatures. The temperature range for (re)sublimation varies from –100 to 0°C. The setup is connected to an Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (IRMS), which allows for measuring the isotopic composition of the vapor of the evaporating substance and providing an estimation of the (re)sublimation rate under specific physicochemical conditions. The direct introduction of gases into the mass spectrometer in real-time mode sets the developed setup apart from foreign counterparts. The setup is equipped with a transparent quartz window through which the surface of the studied substance can be heated using a halogen lamp, simulating the movement of solar rays on the surface of mineral grain compositions under conditions similar to those on the lunar surface. In addition to studying gas (de)sorption on the surfaces of mineral grains of various compositions, the setup can also be used for researching the (re)sublimation of gas hydrates and CO2.