bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Polyphenols and Flavonoids and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Crude Extraction from the Leaves, Seeds, Stems and Roots of Cassia occidentalis
Authors: Ndior Mame Saliou , Diouf Abdou Khadre , Diallo Ibrahima , Gaye Aïssatou Alioune , Fofana Mouhamadou , Mbow Bédié , Diouf Alioune , Sall Cheikh , Sene Aboubacary
Published: November 2023

In this article, we studied four organs of Cassia occidentalis namely leaves, seeds, stems and roots. Cassia occidentalis is a plant used in traditional Senegalese medicine to treat several pathologies including asthma, malaria, high blood pressure, bronchitis, anemia, stubborn stomach aches, etc. This study focuses on the determination of the antioxidant activity of these extracts. This study focuses on the determination of total polyphenols and flavonoids of different organ extracts (leaves, seeds, stems and roots) of Cassia occidentalis and the determination of the antioxidant activity of these extracts. Total polyphenols are assayed using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and total flavonoids using aluminum trichloride (AlCl3). The antioxidant activity of the extracts is evaluated by the DPPH method using TROLOX as reference antioxidant. The results of this study show that leaves and roots are the richest organs in polyphenols with contents ranging from 0.4941 ± 0.0633 mg EAG/g to 11.5114 ± 0.0791 mg EAG/g for leaves and 0.1235 ± 0.0220 mg EAG/g to 4.1968 ± 0.0481 mg EAG/g for roots. These same organs are richer in flavonoids with contents ranging from 1.6645 ± 0.0215 mg EQ/g to 7.2215 ± 0.1728 mg EQ/g for the leaves and 0.0813 ± 0.0022 mg EQ/ g to ​​3.4839 ± 0.0538 mg EQ/g for roots. These contents are higher in the methanolic and aqueous extracts. Total antioxidant capacities are significantly correlated with polyphenol and flavonoid contents. This is because the leaves and roots have more antioxidants that can react with the DPPH radical. This quantity is more noted in the methanolic extracts (14.1502 ± 0.3781 mg ETr/g for the leaves and 7.7042 ± 0.0619 mg ETr/g for the roots). Only the methanolic extracts show remarkable antiradical activities with IC50 values ​​of 0.2409 ± 0.0006 mg/mL for the leaves and 0.1415 ± 0.0005 mg/mL for the roots.  IC50 values for other extracts are not available, due to the low total antioxidant capacity. In short, the methanolic extracts of the roots and leaves therefore have an appreciable antioxidant power. This antioxidant power is more significant at the level of the methanolic root extract with the lowest IC50 value. This would justify the use of Cassia occidentalis in traditional Senegalese medicine to fight against several pathologies. This plant would therefore be a good source of natural antioxidants.
Correlation Coefficient Analysis for Seed Yield and its Component Traits in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum, Fabaceae)
Authors: Sharma Vipul , Thakur Sanchit , Kumar Anurag , Mushtaq Muntazir
Published: November 2023

The present investigation was carried out at Chamelty Agriculture Farm of M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh (H.P.) to examine the quantitative traits of chickpea germplasm and their relationship to seed yield. Seed yield per plant exhibited positive and highly significant correlations with biological yield per plant, harvest index, number of seeds per pod and number of pods per plant. The positive non- significant correlations of seed yield per plant were found with plant height (cm), primary branches per plant, 100-seed weight (g), days to 50 per cent flowering, days to flower initiation and days to maturity. These characters emerged as most important factors in influencing seed yield in chickpea.
Consumer Willingness to Pay for Energy Efficient Refrigerators in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Authors: Kabingu Wahome Alvin , Ndunda Ezekiel , Kirubi Gathu
Published: November 2023

In Kenya, consumer choices regarding home energy appliances, such as refrigerators, are crucial for enhancing energy efficiency and environmental conservation efforts. This study examined the influence of the Kenya Energy Star Rating Label on consumer preferences for refrigerators. Using stratified random sampling, 330 respondents from five constituencies in Nairobi County, Kenya, were surveyed. The research employed a combination of conditional and mixed logit models to analyse the data. The results revealed a significant positive correlation (P = .05) between the Kenyan Energy Star Rating label and consumer preference for energy-efficient refrigerators across all models. Consumers demonstrated a willingness to pay an average premium of 28,708.5 Kenyan shillings for refrigerators displaying the Kenyan Energy Star Rating label, indicating their recognition of the label's value. There was no significant relationship between consumer environmental concern and their willingness to pay for energy labelled refrigerators. These findings have notable policy implications, emphasizing the importance of educating Kenyan consumers about the environmental advantages of energy-efficient appliances. Specifically, the results underscore the effectiveness of the Kenyan Energy Star Rating Label in guiding consumer choices toward more sustainable appliance options.
Study focuses on local government formation process in Kawagoe City from Edo Period to Meiji Era
Authors: Tsuchida Hiroshi , Honda Yuka
Published: November 2023

This paper focuses on the process of local government formation, from the Edo Period to the Meiji Era, in Kawagoe City, which has its roots in a castle town at the end of the Edo Period, in order to discover regional formation for urban reorganization. The daiku‐shoku system and Rengo‐choson organized early‐modern towns and villages in the Edo Period as self‐governing organizations, but the mass amalgamations during the Meiji Era created municipalities, forming the basis of the current city sphere. These phases of Meiji Restoration were influenced by the topography of rivers and farmland, and the urban expansion of castle towns, which formed the organization. Although some of the landforms that functioned as boundaries of the organization disappeared owing to mergers and urban development after the Meiji Era, most of the elements have been inherited by the current city master plan districts. Accordingly, by organizing the process of regional formation, we have derived the gradual changes in consciousness that occurred under the circumstances of conversion from different organizations. In addition, by comparing the current and past situations, the inheritance of the historical background is presented.
Longitudinal association of mindfulness with aggression and non‐suicidal self‐injury in adolescence: The mediating role of shame‐proneness
Authors: Zhang Ruotong , Chen Jing , Zhang Chunyang , Xu Wei
Published: November 2023

The aim of the current study was to investigate the longitudinal association of facets of mindfulness with aggression and non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) among adolescents and to explore whether shame‐proneness can mediate the longitudinal association. The present longitudinal study investigated the associations between mindfulness, aggression, and NSSI in a sample of 706 Chinese adolescents (M = 15.33; SD = 1.34; 50.20% girls). Five facet mindfulness questionnaire was completed at baseline and middle school students' shame scale was completed at 6‐month follow‐up. The Chinese version of Buss−Perry aggression questionnaire and adolescents' self‐harm scale were completed at both baseline and 6‐month follow‐up. Shame‐proneness significantly mediated the longitudinal association between (a) describing and aggression (−0.107, 95% CI: [−0.151 to −0.067]), and NSSI (−0.041, 95% CI: [−0.069 to −0.019]). (b) Acting with awareness and aggression (−0.094, 95% CI: [−0.139 to −0.061]), and NSSI (−0.036, 95% CI: [−0.062 to −0.016]). (c) Nonjudging and aggression (−0.062, 95% CI: [−0.107 to −0.024]) and NSSI (−0.024, 95% CI: [−0.047 to −0.008]). Describing, acting with awareness, and nonjudging were predictive factors of aggression and self‐injury in adolescents, and shame‐proneness played a crucial role in the negative longitudinal association between them. Findings from the current study may offer some implications in the domains of clinical practice and education to improve mental health and further ameliorate the misbehavior among adolescents.
Machine learning‐based radiomics nomograms to predict number of fields in postoperative IMRT for breast cancer
Authors: Mao Yichen , Di Wenyi , Zong Dan , Mu Zhongde , He Xia
Published: November 2023

Background

Breast cancer is now the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Radiotherapy is an important part of the treatment for breast cancer, while setting proper number of fields dramatically affects the benefits one can receive. Machine learning and radiomics have been widely investigated in the management of breast cancer. This study aims to provide models to predict the best number of fields based on machine learning and improve the prediction performance by adding clinical factors.

Methods

Two‐hundred forty‐two breast cancer patients were retrospectively enrolled for this study, all of whom received postoperative intensity modulated radiation therapy. The patients were randomized into a training set and a validation set at a ratio of 7:3. Radiomics shape features were extracted for eight machine learning algorithms to predict the number of fields. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were implemented to screen clinical factors. A combined model of rad‐score and clinical factors were finally constructed. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve, precision, recall, F1 measure and accuracy were used to evaluate the model.

Results

Random Forest outperformed from eight machine learning algorithms while predicting the number of fields. Prediction performance of the radiomics model was better than the clinical model, while the predictive nomogram combining the rad‐score and clinical factors performed the best.

Conclusions

The model combining rad‐score and clinical factors performed the best. Nomograms constructed from the combined models can be of reliable references for medical dosimetrists.
Sulfonium‐Cross‐Linked Hyaluronic Acid‐Based Self‐Healing Hydrogel: Stimuli‐Responsive Drug Carrier with Inherent Antibacterial Activity to Counteract Antibiotic‐Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Patel Anjali , Goswami Sanghamitra , Hazarika Gunanka , Sivaprakasam Senthilkumar , Bhattacharjee Surajit , Manna Debasis
Published: November 2023

Augmentation of the activity of Food and Drug Administration‐approved antibiotics by an adjuvant or antibiotic carrier is considered one of the promising strategies to fight against antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. This study reports the development of sulfonium‐cross‐linked hyaluronic acid (HA)‐based polymer (HA‐SS‐HA) as an inherent antimicrobial agent and antibiotic carrier. The HA‐SS‐HA polymer offers the potential for encapsulating various classes of antibiotics and accomplishing a stimuli‐responsive release profile in the presence of hyaluronidase produced by bacterial cells within their extracellular environment. Systematic antibacterial studies reveal that the HA‐SS‐HA‐encapsulated antibiotics (vancomycin, amoxicillin, and tetracycline) restore its activity against the antibiotic‐resistant bacterial cells methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin‐resistant Enterococci (VRE), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The HA‐SS‐HA gel shows robust efficacy in eradicating the mature biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The membrane‐disrupting activity reveals that HA‐SS‐HA can also counteract the antibiotic resistance mechanism of the bacterial cells. The in vivo studies reveal excellent wound‐healing activity of HA‐SS‐HA in albino laboratory‐bred (BALB/c) mice. The outcome of additional antibacterial studies reveals that antibiotics‐encapsulated HA‐SS‐HA hydrogel can effectively combat Gram‐negative, Gram‐positive, and antibiotic‐resistant bacterial strains. Therefore, revitalizing the activity of commercial antibiotics by HA‐SS‐HA can be considered a valuable and economically effective strategy to fight against antibiotic‐resistant bacteria.
Anisotropic Superconducting Nb2CTx MXene Processed by Atomic Exchange at the Wafer Scale
Authors: Xu Xiangming , Zhang Chenghui , Yin Jun , Smajic Jasmin , Bahabri Mohammed , Lei Yongjiu , Hedhili Mohamed Nejib , Hota Mrinal K. , Shi Lin , Guo Tianchao , Zheng Dongxing , El‐Demellawi Jehad K. , Lanza Mario , Costa Pedro M. F. J. , Bakr Osman M. , Mohammed Omar F. , Zhang Xixiang , Alshareef Husam N.
Published: November 2023

Superconductivty has recently been induced in MXenes through surface modification. However, the previous reports have mostly been based on powders or cold‐pressed pellets, with no known reports on the intrinsic superconsucting properties of MXenes at the nanoale. Here, it is developed a high‐temperature atomic exchange process in NH3 atmosphere which induces superconductivity in either singleflakes or thin films of Nb2CTx MXene. The exchange process between nitrogen atoms and fluorine, carbon, and oxygen atoms in the MXene lattice and related structural adjustments are studied using both experiments and density functional theory. Using either single‐flake or thin‐film devices, an anisotropic magnetic response of the 2D superconducting transformation has been successfully revealed. The anisotropic superconductivity is further demonstrated using superconducting thin films uniformly deposited over a 4 in. wafers, which opens up the possibility of scalable MXene‐based superconducting devices.
Laser‐Induced Electron Synchronization Excitation for Photochemical Synthesis and Patterning Graphene‐Based Electrode
Authors: Yuan Yongjiu , Huang Junhao , Li Xin , Jiang Lan , Li Tong , Sun Pengcheng , Yin Yingying , Wang Sumei , Cheng Qian , Xu Wanghuai , Qu Liangti , Wang Steven
Published: November 2023

Micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) represent a pressing requirement for powering the forthcoming generation of micro‐electronic devices. The simultaneous realization of high‐efficiency synthesis of electrode materials and precision patterning for MSCs in a single step presents an ardent need, yet it poses a formidable challenge. Herein, a unique shaped laser‐induced patterned electron synchronization excitation strategy has been put forward to photochemical synthesis RuO2/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) electrode and simultaneously manufacture the micron‐scale high‐performance MSCs with ultra‐high resolution. Significantly, the technique represents a noteworthy advancement over traditional laser direct writing (LDW) patterning and photoinduced synthetic electrode methods. It not only improves the processing efficiency for MSCs and the controllability of laser‐induced electrode material but also enhances electric fields and potentials at the interface for better electrochemical performance. The resultant MSCs exhibit excellent area and volumetric capacitance (516 mF cm−2 and 1720 F cm−3), and ultrahigh energy density (0.41 Wh cm−3) and well‐cycle stability (retaining 95% capacitance after 12000 cycles). This investigation establishes a novel avenue for electrode design and underscores substantial potential in the fabrication of diverse microelectronic devices.
A Guide for Cross‐Linking Modulation: The Record Rectifying Ratio of Hydrogel‐Based Ultra Flexible Ionic Diodes
Authors: ÖZBAY KARAKUŞ Mücella
Published: November 2023

This study focuses on the effect of cross‐linking mechanisms in the development of hydrogel‐based flexible ionic diodes (HBIDs) with desirable features for ionic devices. The research explores one p‐type hydrogel and a series of n‐type hydrogels with varying cross‐linking ratios, investigating their ion‐conducting properties, morphological and electronic structures, as well as the performance of flexible HBIDs constructed using these hydrogels. The results indicate that the cross‐linking ratio significantly influences ionic conductivity, bulk resistance, and capacitance. Additionally, the HBIDs' ability to maintain their electrical performance under repeated mechanical bending is studied concerning the cross‐linking ratio. Notably, the HBID with the highest cross‐linking ratio (HG/12) exhibits relatively higher current densities (up to 8.9 mA cm−2) and considerably higher rectification ratios (up to 1269). Even after 500 cycles of deformation, the HG/12 diode maintained a rectification ratio of 987, demonstrating its excellent performance and durability.
A Micrometric Transformer: Compositional Nanoshell Transformation of Fe3+‐Trimesic‐Acid Complex with Concomitant Payload Release in Cell‐in‐Catalytic‐Shell Nanobiohybrids
Authors: Park Joohyouck , Kim Nayoung , Han Sang Yeong , Rhee Su Yeon , Nguyen Duc Tai , Lee Hojae , Choi Insung S.
Published: November 2023

Nanoencapsulation of living cells within artificial shells is a powerful approach for augmenting the inherent capacity of cells and enabling the acquisition of extrinsic functions. However, the current state of the field requires the development of nanoshells that can dynamically sense and adapt to environmental changes by undergoing transformations in form and composition. This paper reports the compositional transformation of an enzyme‐embedded nanoshell of Fe3+‐trimesic acid complex to an iron phosphate shell in phosphate‐containing media. The cytocompatible transformation allows the nanoshells to release functional molecules without loss of activities and biorecognition, while preserving the initial shell properties, such as cytoprotection. Demonstrations include the lysis and killing of Escherichia coli by lysozyme, and the secretion of interleukin‐2 by Jurkat T cells in response to paracrine stimulation by antibodies. This work on micrometric Transformers will benefit the creation of cell‐in‐shell nanobiohybrids that can interact with their surroundings in active and adaptive ways.
Inkjet‐Printed, Wafer‐Scale Organic Schottky‐Gate Transistors toward Single‐Battery‐Driven Integrated Logic
Authors: Hao Ziqian , Qian Jun , Li Yating , Dai Qinyong , Li Longfei , Xie Jiacheng , Sun Li , Wang Xiaomu , Wang Xinran , Shi Yi , Li Yun
Published: November 2023

Organic field‐effect transistors switched by insulated gates are the most essential building blocks, while usually plagued with degraded gate control arising from complicated dielectric engineering. Subsequently, the resulting large supply voltage and power consumption remain an essential issue for portable electronics driven by a single battery of only 1.5 V. Herein, wafer‐scale organic Schottky‐gate transistor arrays using inkjet‐printed few‐layer organic semiconducting crystals are reported. The transistors exhibit steep switching characteristics with an average subthreshold swing of 55 mV per dec and high signal amplification efficiency over 45 S A‐1, attributed to efficient Schottky gating and enhanced charge injection. Thereafter, high‐gain inverters are successfully demonstrated with an ultralow power consumption of only 800 pW; also, they are integrated as 1 V driven sequential logic circuits. A coplanar double‐gate geometry is also introduced for low‐voltage, single‐device AND logic. Therefore, the work opens new avenues toward the sustainable advancement in single‐battery‐driven, ultralow‐power organic electronics.
A P/N synergistic flame retardant containing flexible nitrile group for enhancing the mechanical properties and fire safety of epoxy resins
Authors: Li Junwei , Ma Qiuju , Liu Quanyi , Zheng Penglun
Published: November 2023

To further enhance the fire safety of epoxy resins, a phosphorus–nitrogen synergistic flame retardant (DPVHD) with a flexible chain segment and a nitrile group was synthesized. In addition to the traditional flame retardant elements P and N, the flame retardancy of the epoxy composites is further enhanced by the cross‐linking effect of the nitrile groups introduced to form an interpenetrating network with the epoxy matrix. The results showed that the sample with 10 wt% DPVHD‐10/EP had a LOI of 32.3% and passed the UL‐94 V‐0 rating, with PHRR and THR reduced by 15.4% and 47%, respectively, compared to pure EP. It is worth noting that the introduction of flexible chain segments improves the flexural properties of the epoxy resin matrix. Compared with pure epoxy, the flexural properties of epoxy‐cured compounds with DPVHD addition show a rising trend with the increase of flame‐retardant additive. And the rise of DPVHD‐10/EP reaches 33.6%, which greatly reduces the negative effect of flame‐retardant additives on the mechanical properties of the epoxy resin matrix. This work therefore provides new ideas for exploiting the advantages of phosphorus‐nitrogen synergy and nitrile‐based cross‐linking for flame retardancy in epoxy resins.
Monitoring Source Water Quality Adds Value at Loveland Water and Power
Authors: Fayram Andrew H. , Bohling Timothy M.
Published: November 2023

Key Takeaways

Source water quality monitoring programs benefit from sampling efforts that address data needs on different spatial and temporal scales.

The cost of monitoring programs is more than offset by real savings, avoided costs, and increased support for decision makers.

Loveland Water and Power has derived diverse and sometimes unexpected benefits from its monitoring program.
Chemo‐Enzymatic Synthesis of Isomeric I‐branched Polylactosamines Using Traceless Blocking Groups
Authors: Vos Gaёl M. , Wu Yunfei , van der Woude Roosmarijn , de Vries Robert P. , Boons Geert‐Jan
Published: November 2023

Poly‐N‐acetyl lactosamines (polyLacNAc) are common structural motifs of N‐ and O‐linked glycan, glycosphingolipids and human milk oligosaccharides. They can be branched by the addition of β1,6‐linked N‐acetyl‐glucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to internal galactoside (Gal) residues by the I‐branching enzyme beta‐1,6‐N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (GCNT2). I‐branching has been implicated in many biological processes and is also associated with various diseases such as cancer progression. Currently, there is a lack of methods that can install, in a regioselective manner, I‐branches and allows the preparation of isomeric poly‐LacNAc derivatives. Here, we described a chemo‐enzymatic strategy that addresses this deficiency and is based on the enzymatic assembly of an oligo‐LacNAc chain that at specific positions is modified by a GlcNTFA moiety. Replacement of the trifluoroacetyl (TFA) moiety by tert‐butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) gives compounds in which the galactoside at the proximal site is blocked from modification by GCNT2. After elaboration of the antennae, the Boc group can be removed, and the resulting amine acetylated to give natural I‐branched structures. It is also shown that fucosides can function as a traceless blocking group that can provide complementary I‐branched structures from a single precursor. The methodology made it possible to synthesize a library of polyLacNAc chains having various topologies.
Die Fenster in den Prozess nutzen
Authors: Gandert Etwina
Published: November 2023

Mit den wachsenden Anforderungen an Anlageneffizienz und Produktqualität hat auch die Nachfrage nach Prozessanalysentechnik (PAT) zugenommen. Sie bietet Fenster in den Prozess. Dr. Martin Gerlach, Head of Process Analytical Technologies bei Bayer und Mitglied des erweiterten Vorstands des Arbeitskreis PAT, bietet im Interview mit CITplus einen überblick über die Möglichkeiten und Nuzten von PAT, um den Anforderungen gerecht zu werden.
Analyse der Wasserstoffqualität im Ex‐Bereich
Authors: Aust Alexander
Published: November 2023

Die Prüfung des Wasserstoffreinheitsgrads an Wasserstofftanksäulen ist wichtig, um Schäden bei der Nutzung zu vermeiden. Um nicht als Zündquelle zu fungieren, muss Equipment zur Wasserstoffanalyse in explosionsgefährdeten Zonen ohne ATEX‐ oder IECEx‐Zertifizierung besonders geschützt werden. Dafür sind überdruckgekapselte (Ex‐p) Gehäuse eine geeignete Lösung.
PFAS Belastungen im Trinkwasser
Authors: Raiser Jan
Published: November 2023

Eine Belastung von Trinkwasser mit PFAS ist unerwünscht und gesundheitsgefährdend. Anhand eines Anwendungsbeispiels im Rohwasserpumpwerk Creglingen wird mithilfe einer vergleichenden Untersuchung zur Rückhaltung von Metaboliden des Pflanzenschutzmittels Chloridazon die Trinkwasseraufbereitung unter Bezugnahme auf PFAS dargestellt. Dabei wird die Filterleistung von Aktivkohle auf Kokosnussbasis mit Aktivkohle auf Steinkohlebasis verglichen.
Bibliometric analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine nanoparticles research from 2005 to 2023
Authors: Zhong Dayuan , Cheng Hui , Liu Huixian , Feng Shihui , Liu Yumei , Xiang Huier , Chen Jiaqi
Published: November 2023

To gain a deeper understanding of the current status of research on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and nanoparticles, we conducted a bibliometric study. We conducted a literature search in the Web of Science (WOS) for publications related to TCM and nanoparticles from 1992 to 2023. The data, including countries of publication, research institutions, journals, citations, and keywords, were analyzed using the Bibliometrix R‐4.0 software package. We performed an analysis to identify the co‐occurrence of keywords in the documents including their titles and abstracts. From 2005 to 2023, a total of 309 publications were included, with an average annual growth rate of 4.25%. The majority of these publications were published in Q1 journals (72, 47.06%) and Q2 journals (45, 29.41%). Among the 309 publications, 22 articles (7.12%) had an impact factor greater than 10, while 78 articles (25.24%) had an impact factor greater than 5. The analysis of international collaboration networks revealed limited international cooperation, with most collaborations occurring between institutions in China, the United States, and Australia. These 309 publications involved a total of 438 research institutions, with Chinese research institutions being the most prolific contributors. In this study, a total of 309 publications were included, comprising 1142 author keywords and 1175 keywords plus. Factor analysis of the 1175 keywords plus revealed that they could be grouped into five categories: one category included terms such as “oxide” and “zinc,” another category included terms like “lipid” and “acid,” a third category included terms such as “improve” and “enhance,” a fourth category included terms like “silica” and “mesoporous,” and the fifth category included terms like “PLGA” and “immune.” Research on nanoparticles in TCM has been gradually gaining popularity. Currently, most of the research in this field is conducted in China, with limited international collaboration. The majority of TCM nanoparticle research focuses on individual herbal compounds, while research on nanoparticle formulations of traditional herbal prescriptions is relatively scarce.
Advances in cardiac tissue engineering and heart‐on‐a‐chip
Authors: Kieda Jennifer , Shakeri Amid , Landau Shira , Wang Erika Yan , Zhao Yimu , Lai Benjamin Fook , Okhovatian Sargol , Wang Ying , Jiang Richard , Radisic Milica
Published: November 2023

Recent advances in both cardiac tissue engineering and hearts‐on‐a‐chip are grounded in new biomaterial development as well as the employment of innovative fabrication techniques that enable precise control of the mechanical, electrical, and structural properties of the cardiac tissues being modelled. The elongated structure of cardiomyocytes requires tuning of substrate properties and application of biophysical stimuli to drive its mature phenotype. Landmark advances have already been achieved with induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiac patches that advanced to human testing. Heart‐on‐a‐chip platforms are now commonly used by a number of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Here, we provide an overview of cardiac physiology in order to better define the requirements for functional tissue recapitulation. We then discuss the biomaterials most commonly used in both cardiac tissue engineering and heart‐on‐a‐chip, followed by the discussion of recent representative studies in both fields. We outline significant challenges common to both fields, specifically: scalable tissue fabrication and platform standardization, improving cellular fidelity through effective tissue vascularization, achieving adult tissue maturation, and ultimately developing cryopreservation protocols so that the tissues are available off the shelf.
Curcumin inhibits the activity and induces apoptosis of activated hepatic stellate cell by suppressing autophagy
Authors: Shu Yongxiang , He Yajun , Ye Guorong , Liu Xuyou , Huang Jiahuang , Zhang Qinghui , Tian Da , Wang Tengyan , Shu Jianchang
Published: November 2023

Curcumin, a kind of natural compound, has been previously proven to inhibit the autophagy in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and induce their apoptosis. However, it is not clear whether the enhanced apoptosis of activated HSCs (aHSCs) caused by curcumin depends on autophagy inhibition. We aim to verify this hypothesis and explore the potential mechanisms in this study. Immortalized human HSC line LX‐2 was used as an experimental specimen and pretreated with transforming growth factor β1(TGF‐β1) for 24 h to activate it before drug application. The levels of autophagy, apoptosis, cell activity, lipid metabolism, and the activity of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway were evaluated by multiple methods, such as Western blotting, mcherry‐EGFP‐LC3B adenoviruses transfection, immunofluorescence, Nile Red staining, flow cytometry among others. Our results showed that rapamycin, an autophagy activator, could partly offset the effects of curcumin on autophagy and apoptosis of LX‐2 cells, while 3‐Methyladenine (3‐MA), an autophagy inhibitor, could enhance these effects. Furthermore, curcumin could promote the activity of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway in LX‐2 cells, while PI3K inhibitor could partly offset this effect and increase the autophagy level. Overall, we demonstrated that curcumin could inhibit the activity and promote LX‐2 cells apoptosis by suppressing autophagy by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway. In addition, lipid recovery and energy deprivation due to autophagy inhibition may be the exact mechanism by which curcumin attenuates the pro‐fibrotic activity of LX‐2.
Early and late effects of endoscopic interventions in patients with malignant afferent loop syndrome: A single‐center experience and literature review
Authors: Yamamoto Kenjiro , Itoi Takao , Matsunami Yukitoshi , Sofuni Atsushi , Tsuchiya Takayoshi , Mukai Shuntaro , Kojima Hiroyuki , Minami Hirohito , Nakatsubo Ryosuke , Tonozuka Ryosuke
Published: November 2023

Background/Purpose

Afferent loop syndrome (ALS) is a rare adverse event after gastrointestinal surgery requiring appropriate early decompression treatment. Several endoscopic interventions have been attempted for treatment, including endoscopic enteral metal stent placement (EMSP), endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided entero‐enterostomy (EUS‐EE), and EUS‐guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS‐HGS). However, there are limited data on outcomes, including duration of stent patency. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of each endoscopic intervention for malignant ALS.

Methods

We retrospectively investigated nine patients with malignant ALS who underwent EMSP, EUS‐EE, or EUS‐HGS. Information on technical success, clinical efficacy, adverse events, stent dysfunction, and overall survival was collected and analyzed.

Results

The most common symptoms were abdominal pain and cholangitis. ALS was treated by EMSP in three patients, EUS‐EE in three patients, and EUS‐HGS in three patients. Stent placement was successful and clinically effective in all patients with no adverse events. During follow‐up, stent dysfunction occurred in two patients treated by EUS‐HGS. Eight patients died of primary disease during a median follow‐up of 157 days.

Conclusions

Each of the available endoscopic interventions for malignant ALS can be expected to produce similar outcomes, including duration of stent patency. The choice of endoscopic intervention should be made based on the characteristics of each treatment.
咳嗽を契機に発症した脳空気塞栓症の1例(Non–iatrogenic cerebral air embolism caused by coughing: a case report)
Authors: 慧 木本 , 祥弘 萩原 , 拓哉 木村 , 隆史 角谷 , 孝臣 小林 , 健亮 藤田 , 崇以 小倉
Published: November 2023

脳空気塞栓症の原因の多くは医原性であり，非医原性に生じることは稀である。今回，咳嗽を契機に発症した非医原性脳空気塞栓症の1例を経験したので報告する。症例は特発性肺線維症と肺気腫を基礎疾患に有する63歳の男性。咳嗽の直後に突然の意識障害を発症しCTで縦隔から頸部にかける気腫像と左室内および中心溝動脈を主とした脳表動脈に沿って広範囲に空気塞栓を認めた。MRIでは同部位に拡散強調像で高信号を認め臨床経過と画像所見から脳空気塞栓症と診断した。生命予後を考慮し，保存的に治療したが第2病日に死亡した。本症例は非医原性に脳空気塞栓症が生じることを示している。また，発生機序から慢性肺疾患は発症リスクとなりうることを留意し診療にあたる必要がある。
火災現場から搬送された患者における血中シアン濃度の検討(Analysis of blood cyanide concentration in patients transported from a fire scene)
Authors: 賢彦 海田 , 剛明 松田 , 芳裕 山口
Published: November 2023

【目的】シアンは火災で発生する主たる有毒ガスであるが，臨床現場においてはほとんど評価されていないのが現状であり，火災傷病者の血中シアン濃度に関して検討することを目的とした。【方法】2014年1月から2023年6月まで当院に搬送された火災傷病者のうち，血中シアン濃度を測定し得た患者を対象とし，その臨床データについて後方視的に検討した。【結果】対象44例中19例が心肺停止であり全例死亡していた。心肺停止例の血中シアン濃度の中央値は3.1µg/mL，中毒レベルが16例，致死レベルが8例あった。一方，CO–Hb濃度の中央値は59.1%で，致死レベルは15例あった。血中シアン濃度のみが致死レベルで，CO–Hb濃度は致死レベルではなかったのが2例あった。非心肺停止25例は全例気道熱傷を合併しており血中シアン濃度の中央値は0.28µg/mL，中毒レベルが9例あった。CO–Hb濃度の中央値は8.5%であり，ともに致死レベルを超えた症例はなかった。シアン中毒群と非シアン中毒群の検討では年齢，性別，総熱傷面積，CO–Hb濃度，乳酸値について有意な差は認めず，人工呼吸期間，ICU滞在期間についてはシアン中毒群のほうが有意に長期であった。【結語】火災現場から搬送された患者においては，シアン中毒の可能性も念頭におく必要がある。
A rapid PCR‐based method to determine the Neurospora crassa mating type
Authors: Schäfer Anke , Kempken Frank
Published: November 2023

So far mating type determination in Neurospora crassa requires test crosses with strains of known mating type. We present a simple, quick, and reliable polymerase chain reaction‐based method for mating type determination in N. crassa.
LEADERSHIP LESSONS FROM FORMULA 1 MOTOR RACING
Authors: Pasternak Ken
Published: November 2023

The author has advised and taught business leaders worldwide for the past 25 years, and was previously Director at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. His article examines the business, organizational, and leadership aspects of the highly popular Formula 1 (F1) motor racing. He provides a quick primer on how F1 operates, noting that “Formula 1 racing is a competitive, global industry at the pinnacle of motor sport in terms of technology and innovation.” He notes his own background within F1, including co‐authoring a book that inspired a BBC 8‐part television series, Formula for Success. He outlines the PATL (Performance at the Limit) Framework, in both the article text and a table. It describes the role of individuals, teams, organizations, and partners. He writes: “Surrounding these elements are three dynamic processes influencing performance: Innovating, Transforming, and Integrating.” Another table presents the F1 Performance Pyramid, with leadership and teamwork around Focus, Continual Learning, and Creating a Winning Culture. The final table presents the Plan‐Do‐Review Model. F1 teams “have formal reviews after each of the on‐track sessions. All key decision‐makers and decision‐influencers attend in person or virtually. A template is used to keep the discussion on point and time efficient.”
A FEM for three‐field u–p–η poroelasticity with nonreciprocal interactions
Authors: Campos Bruna , Gracie Robert
Published: November 2023

The de la Cruz and Spanos (dCS) theory of poroelasticity is a pore‐scale volume averaged formulation and differs from the widely used Biot (BT) theory. A novel Finite Element Method (FEM) is developed for dCS theory to enable the study of nonreciprocal solid–fluid interactions, which are omitted from BT model. Solid deformations are quasi‐static and pore fluid flow is transient; dynamic effects are neglected. The form of the dCS theory chosen includes BT theory as a special case. The governing equations are written in terms of three fields: solid displacement u, fluid pressure p, and porosity η. Fully implicit time integration and a mixed‐element formulation are employed to ensure stability. The convergence rate of the FEM dCS model is shown to be optimal in a one‐dimensional consolidation problem. Examples of a footing and subsurface injection problems in two dimensions further attest the robustness of the implementation and are shown to reproduce BT model results as a special case. The effect of nonreciprocal solid–fluid interactions is studied in all examples and shows a wide range of importance depending on the properties of the porous media (e.g., permeability) and problem‐specific constraints. The developed FEM provides a tool to enable further comparisons between dCS and BT theories and validation in practical applications.
Re: Effect of intrapartum epidural analgesia on rate of emergency delivery for presumed fetal compromise: nationwide registry‐based cohort study
Authors: Verheggen A. F. O. , Lapage K. , Poelaert J.
Published: November 2023

Linked article: This Correspondence comments on Damhuis et al. Click here to view the article.
Does intrapartum epidural analgesia influence rate of emergency delivery for fetal compromise?
Authors: Cavoretto P. I. , Silvani P. , Farina A.
Published: November 2023

Linked articles: This Editorial comments on Damhuis et al. and Tabernée Heijtmeijer et al.
Challenges of COVID‐19 vaccination program in rural areas of Eastern Indonesia: A qualitative study from a multistakeholder perspective
Authors: Nurmansyah Mochamad Iqbal , Samsudin Agus , Listiowati Ekorini , Nurjuman Husnan , Wulandari Yuanita , Asmawati Wa Ode , Soularto Dirwan Suryo
Published: November 2023

This research aimed to explore the challenges of the COVID‐19 vaccination program from the perspective of multiple stakeholders in rural areas of eastern Indonesia. This qualitative participatory action research involved 115 participants selected from various groups in 20 subdistricts across five provinces, including Health Service workers, police staff monitoring the vaccination program, religious figures, and adult and youth community leaders. Furthermore, focus group discussion was conducted using semi‐structured interview guidelines based on the WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) for vaccine and immunization model. The manifest content approach was employed to analyze the visible contents within the text. Implementation of the vaccination program was complicated by contextual, individual, and group factors, as well as vaccine and vaccination‐specific factors. The contextual factors were socioeconomic, religious, and cultural conditions, changes in government policies, and geographical and climatic obstacles. Meanwhile, examples of group and individual factors were people's beliefs of COVID‐19 being harmless and their invulnerability to the disease, along with misinformation and disinformation about vaccination, and fatalistic attitudes. Factors related to the vaccine and vaccination process include limited vaccine supplies, inadequate supporting facilities, and insufficient administration of vaccines. Multiple and complex challenges of COVID‐19 vaccination in the rural areas of eastern Indonesia need attention from the local and national government, as well as other parties including the private sector, socio‐religious figures and organizations, and the media.
Never be mute about bird welfare: Swanning around with environmental enrichment
Authors: Claydon Molly , Brereton James , Rose Paul
Published: November 2023

Environmental enrichment (EE) is commonly provided to animals managed under human care, being beneficial to behavioral diversity and improving animal welfare. Use of EE appears to be particularly beneficial to individual wild animals spending a short period of time in captivity, for example, as part of conservation or rehabilitation programs. This paper documents a case study on the application and relevance of EE for a group of captive mute swans housed in a rescue center. Observational data were analyzed for two groups of juvenile swans that were provided with a physical EE device to increase time spent foraging. Periods of no EE were observed and compared to data from when birds were provided with EE. Results show that EE promoted foraging time and helped to reduce long periods of inactivity in captive birds. EE helped to reduce occurrence of captive‐focused (i.e., abnormal behaviors) although these was already seen at very low rates. Inactivity as a measure of welfare in captive swans specifically (and waterbirds generally) should be further investigated to understand potential impacts on bird health. Our research shows the benefits of simple and easy‐to‐use EE devices on captive animal behavior and how use of EE for individuals spending a short amount of time in captivity (e.g., within a rescue center) could ensure diversity of behavior patterns and promote the performance of adaptive behaviors upon release to the wild.
The Holocaust Archival Material Knowledge Graph
Authors: García-González Herminio , Bryant Mike
Published: November 2023

Research into the Holocaust faces particular challenges due to the diversity and dispersal of its sources. The EHRI Portal, one of the main outputs of the EHRI project, is a platform for contextualising and integrating metadata about Holocaust-related archival material. In this work we undertake to deliver the EHRI Portal’s archival metadata as Linked Open Data in order to explore the benefits that this model can provide to the field in terms of decentralised data access and integration with the wider Semantic Web. We describe the process of transforming the existing data to a Knowledge Grah aligned with the new ICA conceptual model, Records in Contexts (RiC). As part of this process we describe the challenges and limitations of this alignment, along with future developments that could result in a better fit with our use-case. We envision this work as the first step in delivering Holocaust data to the Semantic Web, allowing partner institutions to evaluate its capabilities and potentially adopt it for their own solutions, making the field more interconnected.
The RML Ontology: A Community-Driven Modular Redesign After a Decade of Experience in Mapping Heterogeneous Data to RDF
Authors: Iglesias-Molina Ana , Van Assche Dylan , Arenas-Guerrero Julián , De Meester Ben , Debruyne Christophe , Jozashoori Samaneh , Maria Pano , Michel Franck , Chaves-Fraga David , Dimou Anastasia
Published: November 2023

The Relational to RDF Mapping Language (R2RML) became a W3C Recommendation a decade ago. Despite its wide adoption, its potential applicability beyond relational databases was swiftly explored. As a result, several extensions and new mapping languages were proposed to tackle the limitations that surfaced as R2RML was applied in real-world use cases. Over the years, one of these languages, the RDF Mapping Language (RML), has gathered a large community of contributors, users, and compliant tools. So far, there has been no well-defined set of features for the mapping language, nor was there a consensus-marking ontology. Consequently, it has become challenging for non-experts to fully comprehend and utilize the full range of the language’s capabilities. After three years of work, the W3C Community Group on Knowledge Graph Construction proposes a new specification for RML. This paper presents the new modular RML ontology and the accompanying SHACL shapes that complement the specification. We discuss the motivations and challenges that emerged when extending R2RML, the methodology we followed to design the new ontology while ensuring its backward compatibility with R2RML, and the novel features which increase its expressiveness. The new ontology consolidates the potential of RML, empowers practitioners to define mapping rules for constructing RDF graphs that were previously unattainable, and allows developers to implement systems in adherence with [R2]RML.

Resource type: Ontology/License: CC BY 4.0 International

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7918478/URL: http://w3id.org/rml/portal/
Awake craniotomy during pregnancy: A systematic review of the published literature
Authors: Mofatteh Mohammad , Mashayekhi Mohammad Sadegh , Arfaie Saman , Wei Hongquan , Kazerouni Arshia , Skandalakis Georgios P. , Pour-Rashidi Ahmad , Baiad Abed , Elkaim Lior , Lam Jack , Palmisciano Paolo , Su Xiumei , Liao Xuxing , Das Sunit , Ashkan Keyoumars , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A.
Published: November 2023

Neurosurgical pathologies in pregnancy pose significant complications for the patient and fetus, and physiological stressors during anesthesia and surgery may lead to maternal and fetal complications. Awake craniotomy (AC) can preserve neurological functions while reducing exposure to anesthetic medications. We reviewed the literature investigating AC during pregnancy. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from the inception to February 7th, 2023, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Studies in English investigating AC in pregnant patients were included in the final analysis. Nine studies composed of nine pregnant patients and ten fetuses (one twin-gestating patient) were included. Glioma was the most common pathology reported in six (66.7%) patients. The frontal lobe was the most involved region (4 cases, 44.4%), followed by the frontoparietal region (2 cases, 22.2%). The awake-awake-awake approach was the most common protocol in seven (77.8%) studies. The shortest operation time was two hours, whereas the longest one was eight hours and 29 min. The mean gestational age at diagnosis was 13.6 ± 6.5 (2—22) and 19.6 ± 6.9 (9—30) weeks at craniotomy. Seven (77.8%) studies employed intraoperative fetal heart rate monitoring. None of the AC procedures was converted to general anesthesia. Ten healthy babies were delivered from patients who underwent AC. In experienced hands, AC for resection of cranial lesions of eloquent areas in pregnant patients is safe and feasible and does not alter the pregnancy outcome.
Percutaneous coronary intervention in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aarts Hugo M. , van Hemert Nicole D. , Meijs Timion A. , van Nieuwkerk Astrid C. , Berg Jurriën M. ten , Wykrzykowska Joanna J. , van Royen Niels , Schotborgh Carl E. , Tonino Pim A. L. , IJsselmuiden Alexander , Vossenberg Tessel N. , van Houwelingen Gert K. , Slagboom Ton , Voskuil Michiel , Delewi Ronak
Published: November 2023

Objective

The importance of revascularisation of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is unclear. Despite the lack of randomised controlled trials comparing different revascularisation strategies, guidelines currently recommend percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with significant proximal CAD undergoing TAVI.

Methods

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, a systematic search was conducted to identify studies comparing TAVI with and without PCI in patients with significant CAD on pre-TAVI coronary angiography. Endpoints were all-cause mortality, cardiac death, stroke, myocardial infarction and major bleeding.

Results

In total, 14 studies were included, involving 3838 patients, of whom 1806 (47%) underwent PCI before TAVI. All-cause mortality did not differ significantly between TAVI with and without preceding PCI at 30 days, 1 year and > 1 year. There were no significant differences in risk of cardiac death, stroke or myocardial infarction between the groups. However, TAVI performed with PCI resulted in a higher risk of major bleeding within 30 days after TAVI (odds ratio: 0.66; 95% confidence interval: 0.46–0.94).

Conclusion

This systematic review and meta-analysis showed no significant differences in clinical outcomes between patients with concomitant significant CAD who were treated with TAVI with and without preceding PCI at both short- and long-term follow-up. However, there was a higher risk of major bleeding at 30 days in patients undergoing TAVI with preceding PCI. In the context of serious risk of bias in the included studies, results of randomised controlled trials are warranted.