bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Mixed-Methods Approach to Understanding the Disconnection between Perceptions of Abortion Acceptability and Support for Roe v. Wade among US Adults
Authors: Buyuker Beyza E. , LaRoche Kathryn J. , Bueno Xiana , Jozkowski Kristen N. , Crawford Brandon L. , Turner Ronna C. , Lo Wen-Juo
Published: January 2023

The relationship between people's attitudes about abortion acceptability and the Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade—two distinct but related issues—has not been rigorously explored. The authors used a mixed-methods approach for analyzing in-depth interviews to better understand how participants' feelings toward abortion acceptability are related to perceptions of whether abortion should be legal. The authors then assessed (1) correlations between abortion acceptability and different measures of support for Roe v. Wade, and (2) how the phrasing of survey items related to Roe v. Wade may evoke different responses via an online survey fielded in 2018. The study's qualitative results highlight that there is a disjuncture between people's moral feelings toward abortion and their attitudes toward abortion legality. The study's quantitative results further demonstrate that correlations between abortion acceptability and support for Roe v. Wade are moderate, and the differences in responses to the phrasing of survey items related to Roe v. Wade are moderated by knowledge. The authors recommend that when researchers develop survey items, they avoid ambiguities of abortion as a general construct, especially when public opinion measures on abortion are employed for research and the design of social and health policy and practice.
The effects of lateral meniscus posterior root tears or repair with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on the pressure of the patellofemoral joint: A biomechanical evaluation
Authors: Zhang Qian , Dong Jiangtao , Zheng Xiaozuo , Kang Kai , Gao Shijun
Published: January 2023

Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of tear and repair of the lateral meniscal posterior root (LMPR) on the patellofemoral contact pressure of the knee after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructed.

Methods: This was a descriptive study. Six fresh-frozen cadaveric knees collected by The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2019 and January 2022 were placed on a customized testing rig. Patellofemoral contact pressures were measured at 30°, 60°, and 90° of flexion using pressure-sensitive film inserted between the patella and trochlea. The following knee states were tested: ACL reconstruction and intact lateral meniscus, ACL reconstruction, and LMPR tear, and ACL reconstruction and LMPR repair. Pressure measurements were recorded for each state.

Results: In the ACL-reconstructed knee, a tear of the LMPR increased patellofemoral contact pressure at 30° of knee flexion. The repair of the posterior root by transosseous pull-out suture reduced the patellofemoral contact pressure as the status of intact lateral meniscal posterior root at 30° of knee flexion. There was no statistical difference between ACL reconstruction with the intact meniscal root and with the meniscal root tear and with the meniscal root repair at 60° and 90° of knee flexion.

Conclusion: The posterior root tear and repair of the lateral meniscus could have an influence on patellofemoral contact stress of the knee after ACL reconstruction at 30° of knee flexion.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6692

How to cite this: Zhang Q, Dong J, Zheng X, Kang K, Gao S. The effecting of lateral meniscus posterior root tears or repair with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on the pressure of the patellofemoral joint: A biomechanical evaluation. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6692

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Risk factors associated with prolonged intensive care unit stay in post coronary artery bypass grafting patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Syeda Huma Zartash , Saleem Sidra , Rasool Zain , Mansur Abeera
Published: January 2023

Objective: Prolonged intensive care unit stay not only increases hospital cost but it also prevents hospital equipment to be used by other patients who need them. The aim of this study was to identify factors that affect the duration of intensive care unit stay in post coronary artery bypass grafting patients with chronic kidney disease.

Method: This is a single centered observational prospective study done on 191 post coronary artery bypass grafting patients from June 2018 to April 2019 at Cardiac Surgery Unit of Doctor’s hospital and medical center, Lahore, Pakistan. Patients above 18 years with and without chronic kidney disease were included.

Results: Mean age of the patients was 57.83 years (± 9.862 SD. Logistic regression analysis shows that patients with post op arrhythmias had the strongest positive association with prolonged intensive care unit stay (OR:11; p value :<0.01), followed by recent myocardial infarction less than 90 days pre coronary artery bypass grafting (OR:5.93; p value:<0.01), shock (OR:3.93;p value:0.04) and acute kidney injury (OR :2.08;p value:0.04). 37.5% chronic kidney disease patients with recent myocardial infarction less than 90 days pre coronary artery bypass grafting and 51.4% patients of chronic kidney disease found with acute kidney injury, showed significant association with p values less than 0.05.

Conclusion: Post op arrhythmias, recent myocardial infarction, shock and acute kidney injury are independent risk factors causing prolonged intensive care unit stay in post coronary artery bypass grafting patients.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6735

How to cite this: Zartash SH, Saleem S, Rasool Z, Mansur A. Risk factors associated with prolonged intensive care unit stay in post coronary artery bypass grafting patients with chronic kidney disease. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6735

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
An exploration of prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy: a scoping review protocol
Authors: McGovern Liz , Geraghty Aisling , McAuliffe Fionnuala , O'Reilly Sharleen
Published: January 2023

Objective: To synthesise the evidence on prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy, including identifying concepts and theoretical frameworks that underpin its development, the evidence on its measurement, interventions used to improve it, and association with breastfeeding outcomes.

Background: Breastfeeding self-efficacy is described as a woman’s self-belief and confidence in her perceived ability to breastfeed. It is a modifiable measure that is strongly associated with breastfeeding outcomes such as initiation, exclusivity, and duration. Interventions aimed at increasing self-efficacy are often in the postnatal period and have been shown to be effective at improving breastfeeding outcomes. The prenatal period appears to be underexplored in the literature and yet focusing on enhancing it may have the potential for further improvements in self-efficacy and on subsequent breastfeeding outcomes. A comprehensive knowledge synthesis on prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy is lacking.

Methods: The search will include databases across health, psychology, sociology, and the grey literature on breastfeeding guidance. Once the PCC framework (Problem: breastfeeding, Concept: self-efficacy, Context: prenatal period) is met, sources of evidence from any contextual setting will be eligible for inclusion. Limits will not be applied on geographic location or year of publication. The PRISMA-ScR flow diagram of search and study selection will be used to report final figures. Two independent reviewers will perform title and abstract screening and full text review. Data will be charted to provide a logical and descriptive summary of the results that align with the objectives.

Conclusion: The results will provide an understanding of what has been done in the space and what gaps exist, informing recommendations for the timing of measurement and the design of prenatal interventions.
Emil Kubek’s “Others”: Class, Nation, and Race in Carpatho-Rusyn American Literature
Authors: Kupensky Nick
Published: January 2023

W niniejszym artykule przeprowadzono analizę sposobu przedstawiania terminów „swój” i „inny” w prozie i poezji karpacko‑ rusińskiego pisarza, Emila Kubeka. Jako ksiądz katolicki obrządku bizantyńskiego Kubek często wybiera bohaterów znajdujących się na marginesie społeczeństwa – ubogich, poniżanych, uciśnionych, co pozwala mu kojarzyć Amerykanów narodowości karpacko‑ rusińskiej z różnorodnymi grupami społecznymi. Czerpiąc z ówczesnych kategorii klasowych, narodowych i rasowych, Kubek niekiedy częściej niż z białymi Amerykanami identyfikuje Amerykanów karpacko‑ rusińskiego pochodzenia z innymi „ludami pomiędzy” (Włosi) lub rasami (Afroamerykanie). Podczas gdy estetyka Kubeka zachęcała jego czytelników do kultywowania etyki wyrażającej współczucie i solidarność z innymi, kolejne pokolenia Amerykanów karpacko‑ rusińskiego pochodzenia porzuciły ten imperatyw i w dużej mierze zasymilowały się z białą kulturą amerykańską.
A Historical Review of Revolutionary Connections Between India and Ireland
Authors: Atwal Jyoti
Published: January 2023

This article visits moments of connected transnational histories of India and Ireland. Both the nations suffered under colonial rule. While Ireland attained independence from Britain in 1922, it continued to influence Indian revolutionaries and nationalists in several ways. The article provides an overarching review of some historical events that were reported in contemporary newspapers and remain main archives today for our knowledge on transnational anti colonial movements. Beginning with the perception of mutiny
in Indian and Irish memory – the author explores key events such as De Valera’s address to Gadar Party in America in 1920, reporting of Jallian wala Bagh massacre in Ireland, Connaught Rangers’ mutiny of 1920 and 1916 Easter Rising.
On Zorkin’s Court and Russian Foreign Policy
Authors: Reid Scott
Published: January 2023

As Chairman of the Constitutional Court of Russia, Valery Zorkin has sought to legitimise State authoritarianism. He has done this through his jurisprudence and stewardship of the Court. Nowhere is this more visible than with the Courts approach to the executive’s foreign policy. This analysis will explore Zorkin’s views and impact upon the Constitutional Court, its relationship with the Presidency, and the extent to which Zorkin’s Court legitimises and reinforces Russia’s foreign policy.
Analyzing Jane Eyre: Intersectionality and the 21St Century Adaptations
Authors: Mrenmoi Sheikh Tasmima
Published: January 2023

The paper analyzes the gender dimension in Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre, using the theories of intersectionality and feminist film theory by Kimberlé Crenshaw and Laura Mulvey. The theory of intersectionality will be used to study Bertha Mason’s race, who is a character in Jane Eyre-described as the madwoman and the insane first wife of Edward Rochester (the male protagonist of the classic), and finally conclude to find out, whether Bertha’s madness made her locked in the attic, or it had something to do with her Jamaican race. Intersectionality theory was first coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw in 1989, where she stated how multiple forms of inequality combines to create disproportions in society. She wanted to make the thinkers understand that issues like gender discrimination, race, colonial roots are not individual subjects to talk about. They are all combined and none of the issues should be dropped to study a certain issue, specially gender discrimination. The paper further uses two other genres-- movie and series, namely Jane Eyre (2011 film) by Cary Joji Fukunaga, and Jane Eyre (2006 TV series) by Susanna White. The movie and series will be used to connect the 19th century text with the 21st century adaptations. The mise-en-scene of the adaptations will be studied to analyze to what extent where they loyal to the classic. The compare and contrast will also study how the adaptations highlighted Bertha’s race, her colonial roots, and her madness. Finally, the paper will conclude how the Hollywood industry with all its modern lightings and sound, cut down Jane’s bildungsroman journey and highlighted Rochester as modern, and post-feminist father/husband.
Caregiving burdens of family members of patients living with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hua Lu-Shu , Chen Ya-Yun , Yiin Jia-Jean , Lee Kwo-Chen
Published: January 2023

Background:

Caregiving burden is common among family caregivers (FCs). In Taiwan, no reports have compared caregiving burden according to disease stage, or explored the comprehensive factors of caregiving burden in the FCs of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Aim:

The aim of the study was to investigate caregiving burden at different diagnosis stages and its potential predictors in the FCs of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods:

This descriptive, cross-sectional study included 192 FCs. Caregiving burden was measured using the Caregiver Reaction Assessment tool. The predictive factors of caregiving burden in the FCs of patients with HCC were identified using a linear regression model.

Results:

The global caregiving burden had no significant differences between the four disease stages. The lack of family support and impact on schedule were significantly higher at the terminal stage than at the earlier stage. The risk factors of caregiving burden were high depression, high financial demand, heavy caregiving tasks, advanced age and frequent patient contact, which obtained a variance of 47.8% in the regression model.

Conclusion:

Healthcare providers need to proactively identify and assess FCs with risk factors of caregiving burden and provide appropriate interventions specific to individual needs at different disease stages.
Fear of COVID-19 and its influence on palliative care patients
Authors: Kocatepe Vildan , Yildirim Dilek , Yağmur Sümeyya
Published: January 2023

Background:

Fear of COVID-19 may have adverse psychological effects on palliative patients; it may also reduce their quality of life, increase physical symptoms and lead to the postponement of treatment.

Aim:

This study aimed to determine how the fear of COVID-19 influences factors (personal and disease-related characteristics) in palliative care patients.

Methods:

A descriptive, cross-sectional design study was conducted on 110 patients. A patient information form, the ‘Fear of COVID-19 scale’ and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status were used for data collection.

Findings:

The mean score obtained from the COVID-19 scale was 20.44±5.78. There was a statistical significance between the stage of disease and the fear of COVID-19 score. The fear of COVID-19 was higher for participants who had received polymerase chain reaction testing.

Conclusion:

There was a positive and statistically significant relationship between the oxygen flow rate and fear of COVID-19 score, as well as a statistically significant relationship between the stage of disease and fear of COVID-19 score. It was determined that the COVID-19 pandemic process affected the mental health of palliative care patients.
The FR BCPPm: A novel, hybrid function regulator
Authors: Chate Rob AC
Published: January 2023

The design features of a novel, hybrid function regulator, the FR BCPPm, are presented to facilitate the construction of other such appliances that may be used in the treatment of juveniles with a prominent premaxilla associated with a bilateral cleft lip and palate and mandibular retrusion. As an essential prerequisite to facilitate secondary alveolar bone grafting, how it may be used and the results that can be achieved are documented in a single case.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: To illustrate the design features of a novel function regulator in detail, which may be used to correct a prominent premaxilla in a patient with bilateral cleft lip and palate.
One and All
Authors: Norman Helen
Published: January 2023

Emilio García, head of innovation at Talgo, reveals more details about the new Vittal-One hydrogen fuel cell train as it prepares to enter its first phase of validation tests
The great Clean
Authors: Roper Jack
Published: January 2023

Retrofitting existing diesel engines with greener al ternatives is proving to be a popular approach to el ectrifying the rail sector in the UK and offers un paralleled speed to market
Tomorrow’s World
Authors: Norman Helen
Published: January 2023

Interest in battery-electric and hydrogen fuel cell trains is gathering pace in the global rail sector, but is the technology ready for widescale deployment? Electric & Hybrid Rail Technology investigates
Fast Track
Authors: Gillman Alice
Published: January 2023

A new charging solution able to recharge a train to full power in less than 10 minutes is set to be put into live operation in the UK in early 2022
All Systems Go
Authors: Norman Helen
Published: January 2023

Siemens Mobility discusses its latest project wins, which include plans for new hydrogen and battery-powered trains that offer increased range, faster charging times and the ultimate passenger convenience
Sustainable Track Work
Authors: Zeiner Martina , Landgraf Matthias
Published: January 2023

A study conducted by the Graz University of Technology and Plasser & Theurer examines the possibility of achieving zero direct emissions during maintenance and construction work on railways
Beyond the Datasheet
Authors: Zhang Xuning , Krecek Tomas , Satheesh Nitesh
Published: January 2023

Microchip Technology reveals the key benefits of silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductors, including improved system efficiency, reduced power electronics costs, and the ability to support higher operating temperatures
Controlled Power
Authors: Brown Tim
Published: January 2023

Programmable digital gate drives offer maximum flexibility, performance, efficiency and economy compared to fixed-configuration and analogue technologies
Play it Cool
Authors: Thiel Bastian
Published: January 2023

The right cooling solution can help extend the service life and improve the durability of today’s battery-electric trains, according to Technotrans
Efficiency Drive
Authors: Fisichella Franceso
Published: January 2023

Power Integrations looks at how IGBT efficiency is being improved thanks to the latest power materials, topologies, and driver methodologies
A comparison of preoperative scores prior to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with optimal preinjury scores and final scores at two-year follow up
Authors: Gabr Ayman , Haddad Fares S.
Published: January 2023

Aims

The aim of this study was to compare the preinjury functional scores with the postinjury preoperative score and postoperative outcome scores following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery (ACLR).

Methods

We performed a prospective study on patients who underwent primary ACLR by a single surgeon at a single centre between October 2010 and January 2018. Preoperative preinjury scores were collected at time of first assessment after the index injury. Preoperative (pre- and post-injury), one-year, and two-year postoperative functional outcomes were assessed by using the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Lysholm Knee Score, and Tegner Activity Scale.

Results

We enrolled 308 males and 263 females of mean age 27 years (19 to 46). The mean preinjury and preoperative post-injury Lysholm Knee Scores were 94 (73 to 100) and 63 (25 to 85), respectively, while the respective mean scores at one and two years postoperatively were 84 (71 to 100) and 89 (71 to 100; p < 0.001). The mean Tegner preinjury and preoperative post-injury scores were 7 (3 to 9) and 3 (0 to 6), respectively, while the respective mean scores at one and two years postoperatively were 6 (1 to 8) and 6 (1 to 9) (p < 0.001). The mean KOOS scores at preinjury versus two years postoperatively were: symptoms (96 vs 84); pain (94 vs 87); activities of daily living (97 vs 91), sports and recreation function (84 vs 71), and quality of life (82 vs 69), respectively (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Functional scores improved following ACLR surgery at two years in comparison to preoperative post-injury scores. However, at two-year follow-up, the majority of patients failed to achieve their preinjury scores. The evaluation of ACLR outcomes needs to consider the preinjury scores rather than the immediate preoperative score that is usually collected. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(1):46–52.
Prefeitura de Mucugê
Authors: Gomes Dijaime Sena
Published: January 2023

Técnica: Óleo sobre a telaDimensões: 30 cm x 40 cm.
Amendueira verde
Authors: Gomes Dijaime Sena
Published: January 2023

Técnica: Óleo sobre a telaDimensões: 30 cm x 40 cm
Prefeitura de Feira
Authors: Gomes Dijaime Sena
Published: January 2023

Técnica: Óleo sobre a telaDimensões: 24 cm x 35 cm.
REFUGIADO
Authors: Santos Carlos Roberto
Published: January 2023

Um nômade do mundo, interior e exterior, volta para encontrar a si próprio.
A Morte de um Rio; Andaraí; Chapada Diamantina
Authors: Oliveira Ana Silva
Published: January 2023

poesias, contos e crõnicas
Tá caindo Fulô
Authors: SOUZA SANTANA MARCOS VINÍCIUS
Published: January 2023

O texto teatral tem um enredo que se origina da ideia de angustia marcante provocada pela falta de chuva. A estiagem provoca tristeza e angustia no povo sertanejo. Mas aqui o tema se transporta para algo mais fantasioso, num realismo mágico. Criando um ambiente onde é possível chover flor.A peça gira em torno da personagem Fulô, uma mulher apaixonada por este fenômeno, a “chuva de flor”, que é exclusivo do ambiente onde ela nasceu e foi criada. Ela se vê sem razões para ser feliz após cessarem as chuvas. Tomada por este sentimento ela parte do lugar onde vive para encontrar respostas ou até mesmo trazer de volta as chuvas.
Apresentação
Authors: Rocha Flávia Aninger de Barros , Silva Aldo José
Published: January 2023

Não é difícil reconhecer o papel da Universidade no que tange ao desenvolvimento social e econômico de uma região a partir das ações desenvolvidas nos campos do ensino, da pesquisa e da extensão, cujos impactos específicos são claramente mensuráveis. Há, contudo, uma outra dimensão do fazer universitário que não é tãoimediatamente associado ao tripé universitário, mas não é menos relevante socialmente, o fomento à cultura artística.
No Fundo do Poço
Authors: Oliveira Rair Rosa de
Published: January 2023

Salvador, Bahia, verão de 1986. Rute é uma professora aposentada que enfrenta problemas emocionais e de saúde. Triste e atormentada, ela aceita o convite do filho para conhecer a pequena cidade de Lençóis, na Chapada Diamantina, durante a passagem do cometa Halley. Essa viagem provoca uma guinada na vida da protagonista e de todos à sua volta. Rute vai chegar ao fundo do poço e descobrir o que ele tem a lhe ensinar.
Flor no Pai Inácio
Authors: De Britto Rogério Grillo
Published: January 2023

Registro de uma espécie da flora no Morro do Pai Inácio
A arma do poeta
Authors: Oliveira Ana Silva
Published: January 2023

Poesia a ser submetida para a Revista Pai Inácio de Literatura e Arte.
Lençóis Garimpeira
Authors: Oliveira Ana Silva
Published: January 2023

Poesia a ser submetida para a Revista Pai Inácio de Literatura e Arte.
Dona Maria
Authors: Remanso Maya
Published: January 2023

Título: Dona MariaDimensão: 26cm x 33cm Técnica: tinta acrílica no papel.Descrição: Uma mulher guerreira do Remanso.
Vale do Pati (Mirante)
Authors: Puiggrós Lucía Elena
Published: January 2023

- A natureza é imensa, ao lado dela, somos ínfimos, mas ao mesmo tempo, somos parte dela, e ela e parte de nós. -Esse projeto procura mostrar, de um jeito poético, natural, e crú a integração desses corpos com a grandiosa natureza da Chapada Diamantina. A traves de uma linguajem única, criada no momento, em função das formas que vou achando, tanto dos corpos humanos, como dos elementos da natureza: pedra, terra, agua, arvores. O resultado: Beleza, equilíbrio, harmonia e união.
Da roça
Authors: Remanso Maya
Published: January 2023

Título: Da RoçaDimensão: 20cm x 25cmTécnica: tinta óleo no quadroDescrição: Inspirado pela beleza das tomates orgânicos colhido no fundo de quintal. A produção de alimento saudável e fundamental no comunidade.
Short Amarelo
Authors: Remanso Maya
Published: January 2023

Título: Shorts AmareloDimensão: 24cm x 32cmTécnica: tinta acrílica no papel.Descrição: O Rio Marimbus e uma parte importante da vida no Remanso. Esse pintura monstra a beleza do rio e de um jovem morador.
Compadre
Authors: Remanso Maya
Published: January 2023

Título: CompadreDimensão: 40cm x 60cmTécnica: tinta óleo no papel. Descrição: A zabumba e uma parte importante das festas e eventos no comunidade quilombola do Remanso.
Fragmentos de Partes Musicais da Philarmônica Lyra Popular
Authors: Popular Lyra
Published: January 2023

O Primeiro Livro de Partes Musicais Digitalizadas da Phylarmônica Lyra Popular de Lençóis é um esforço de parceria entre a Lyra e a Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), do seu Campus Avançado da Chapada Diamantina (CACD) e pretende marcar o início do ano de comemoração dos 120 anos da Lyra, com o compromisso da UEFS-CACD de disponibilizar o acervo da Lira, ao mundo. 
Essa é uma viagem histórica e musical, emocionante e informativa, que apresenta parte do acervo musical da Sociedade Phylarmônica Lyra Popular de Lençóis-Bahia. Um desafio, aqui ainda inicial e pequeno, que manterá resguardadas 150 partes musicais, as primeiras digitalizadas pela UEFS em Feira de Santana, vamos em frente. Esta é uma ínfima parte do grande acervo musical da Sociedade, que não só resiste secularmente, mas também a ausência de políticas públicas estáveis e contínuas para preservação da memória e da cultura, especialmente fora dos grandes centros urbanos. .
Constructing clickable criminal trials: framing trials and legal professionals in digital news reports
Authors: Flower Lisa
Published: January 2023

Journalistic live blogging entails the conundrum of capturing emotions in a context where they should be absent, snapping up the sensational in the subtle drama of the courtroom and presenting it in a way that attracts readers, thus making it clickable.

Applying an inductive frame analysis of live blogs and drawing on criteria of newsworthiness and an emotion sociological framework, this article shows two frames of understanding criminal trials are constructed in live blogs: prosecutorial power and teamwork. These frames serve to construct and reconstruct understandings of criminal trials in Sweden. The frames are partially embedded in the legal sphere thereby reproducing the ideological underpinnings of unemotional rationality while concomitantly conveying a more contemporary understanding wherein reason and emotion are conflated. The study shows further that the media frame shapes how criminal trials are reported in live blogs leading to a somewhat distorted understanding of trials being conveyed. Legal professionals are made newsworthy by drawing on news values, particularly emotionalisation, which constitutes a crucial tool for the live blogging journalist.
Policy analysis in central government: still in its infancy
Authors: Parrado Salvador
Published: January 2023

A review of secondary sources and Spanish official websites shows that the engagement of central government agencies with independent external policy analysis is restricted. Public servants carry out most policy analyses. Public agencies produce research and analysis but do not systematically feed the decision-making process. Although experts and academics are consulted on policy initiatives, this consultation is seldom accompanied by a systematic review of the evidence with the production of evidence-based policy papers that supplement expert advice. Consultation on draft laws is compulsory but carry out pro forma. The external input on policy decisions is limited. A highly legalistic context dominated by civil servants with legal backgrounds and the pre-eminence of a procedural culture may explain the limited use of policy analysis. Although some dedicated units carry out policy analysis in different government sectors, their networking activity is informal and not institutionalized.
Policy analysis at universities and research centres
Authors: Cerrillo Ivan , Jordana Jacint
Published: January 2023

This chapter discusses the role of universities and research centres as providers of policy analysis to the public sector in Spain and identifies their activities in this domain. We describe the current scene as well as the evolution of such analyses by detailing the institutional settings for public policy analysis (universities, departments and research centres), the sources of funding (research projects financed by the Spanish government) and research outputs (academic production on policy analysis). In order to do so, we analyse data from the Spanish official register of research institutions (RUCT) and the SCOPUS database of publications. Results show a progressive development of consistent structures and know-how capabilities for policy analysis in recent decades. However, we observed a significant concentration of policy research activities in a small number of public universities from Madrid and Catalonia. It is our suggestion that most of the policy-related research followed an isolated pattern of analysis, without having a direct connection with policy makers and public servants.
Introduction: Getting In And Setting The Scene
Authors: Adams Maria
Published: January 2023

This chapter will draw on existing scholarship on carceral geography and collateral consequences of imprisonment and will document how this book contributes to wider discussions on exploring geographical spaces to understand the effects of incarceration. Furthermore, this chapter will explore the importance of adopting an ethnographic approach by capturing the way qualitative methods are deployed to explore the testimonies of families of prisoners. Within this chapter, it is important to present insights into exploring some of the hidden spaces, including prison waiting and visiting rooms, by documenting prisoners’ families lives from the prison visiting room to home and the ongoing interactions with governmental agencies including welfare services.
Feminist Geographies And Carceral Perspectives
Authors: Adams Maria
Published: January 2023

This chapter will examine how surrounding issues on the intersection with gender, class, and structural inequalities can shape the experiences of families of prisoners. Most of the family members who support loved ones in prison are female, of whom many adopt a caring and domestic role. Drawing on a feminist geographies perspective, the author will explore in more depth the term ‘doing gender’ to conceptualise and to understand how women perform in certain situations within the home and the public sphere. In this chapter, the author will explore the concept of ‘care work’ to understand how female family members have been constrained to positions that are centred around domestic and care work. Female family members mediate between caring for the prisoner and childcare responsibilities. This chapter will examine how gender can be significant in understanding the experiences of families within the domestic sphere and the prison space. Furthermore, the discussion will explore how spaces can be shaped and constructed by women who engage in care work. Most importantly, we will examine the power dynamics which are instilled to reinforce gender and social inequalities.
How schools are responding to safeguarding and the challenges they face
Authors: Baginsky Mary , Driscoll Jenny , Purcell Carl , Manthorpe Jill , Hickman Ben
Published: January 2023

This chapter is the first of three to explore in detail developments in multi-agency safeguarding work from the perspective of schools. It draws on interviews with over 200 staff in 58 schools based in five local authorities across England and one multi-academy trust to chart schools’ adaptation to the increased scope and volume of their safeguarding responsibilities. It first considers the role of Designated Safeguarding Leads in schools and the development of ‘safeguarding teams’ to address schools’ expanding responsibilities. Arrangements for training and support for school staff are discussed, as well as the role of school governors. Next, the chapter reports schools’ experiences of multi-agency working with children’s social care services and their awareness of the work of Local Children’s Safeguarding Boards. Finally, it summarises schools’ responses to their changing role, including in relation to new responsibilities under the Prevent duty, child exploitation, online safety and escalating mental health concerns.
The public in public service motivation theory
Authors: O’Leary Chris
Published: January 2023

The public interest is the dominant language of public institutions, politicians, the courts and civil servants. Despite (or perhaps because of) its endless appeal, the public interest is poorly defined and conceptualised, with many competing attempts to set out what it means. It is a term that is full of expectation and appeal to a better world, but it is also used to justify specific actions, decisions and government interventions. This chapter explores the concept of the public interest and the pivotal role in PSMT. Several definitions relate public service motivation, either directly or indirectly, to serving or furthering the public interest, and direct references are made by a large number of scholars in their definitions. Despite this central role, there is a distinct lack of explanation of how public employees might understand the public interest, and know that they are furthering the public interest, or know when a particular policy, programme, or public service is not in the public interest. The core role of politicians in public service is also almost completely ignored. This chapter explores these issues and draws conclusions about the role that the public interest really plays in the motivations of public employees. It suggests that public actors might be more expressively motivated to confirm their values and identities.
Decision-making in public service motivation theory
Authors: O’Leary Chris
Published: January 2023

Working in the public sector often means making difficult decisions about who gets what, when and how. Public servants make individual decisions, and they make collective decisions. They collaborate, negotiate and compromise when making these collective decisions. The behaviour of public employees, how they make such decisions and what effect their levels of public service motivation have on how and what decisions they make, are therefore fundamental questions. This chapter explores decision-making within PSMT, particularly in relation to the attraction to policy making domain. It compares policy making motives in PSMT with Patrick Dunleavy’s (1991) bureau-shaping model. It argues that while motives drive behaviour, other factors – including the institutional design of governments and agencies – are also important. The chapter concludes that PSMT does not yet provide a convincing and complete explanation of public employees’ collective, policy making decisions.
Setting the stage: the development of the irish welfare state and its place in the world of welfare
Authors: Whelan Joe
Published: January 2023

This chapter places the Irish welfare state in context by tracing its development from the 1920s through to the present day. Comparisons between the Irish welfare state and the welfare states of other jurisdictions are offered. The policy trajectory of Irish welfare policy is traced and the Pathways to Work policy suite is offered as a case study. Finally, Ireland as a welfare state is positioned as being a hybrid model with strong liberal tendencies. The overarching purpose of this chapter is to contextualise the lived experiences which are documented in chapters further on.
Conclusion
Authors: Whelan Joe
Published: January 2023

This chapter concludes the book by offering some final thoughts. In doing so, the concept of a ‘stigma of public burden’, which has a tendency to attach to welfare and welfare states, is discussed. By first making the argument that ideas about how to ‘do’ welfare in a way that is progressive and inclusive have never been lacking in the Irish example, the chapter offers some thoughts about what a welfare state based on citizenship and inclusivity might comprise. It also argues for the importance of welfare as a social good on the basis of potential crises to come. Ultimately, it argues that reimagining welfare is primarily a job for social policy, which should seek to guide sociological experiences. It also suggests that how we think and talk about welfare plays a crucial role in how welfare, as a social good, is framed.
Immanence And Spaces Of Possibility
Authors: Pycroft Aaron , Bartollas Clemens
Published: January 2023

This chapter argues for accepting the individual person as they are, in and of themself through poiesis. Poiesis is the apprehension of the other without seeking causality or judgement. In moving away from causal and reductionist thought spaces of possibility emerge that make creative thought and actions possible.
Apprehending the Victim
Authors: Pycroft Aaron , Bartollas Clemens
Published: January 2023

This chapter takes a phenomenological approach to understanding Girard’s theory of mimetic desire and the function of the scapegoat mechanism in relation to criminal justice
Doing It: Ethnography, Embodiment, and the Interpretation of Religion
Authors: Winchester Daniel
Published: January 2023

This chapter discusses the benefits of enactive ethnography for the interpretive sociology of religion. Enaction refers to knowing by doing: generating or ‘bringing forth’ knowledge of the world in and through acting within it. Applied to ethnography, an enactive approach entails that the interpreter of religion engages in many of the same embodied practices and associated experiences as those being interpreted. Using examples from the author’s research on Muslim and Eastern Orthodox converts in the United States, the chapter demonstrates how an enactive approach grants analysts of religion access to data regarding how religious practices (re)shape bodily habits and modes of sensory perception below the levels of explicit symbolization and discourse, significantly influencing both the form and content of the religious experiences and interpretations that follow.
Interpreting Nonreligion
Authors: Stewart Evan
Published: January 2023

A major challenge for researchers studying religious disaffiliation and nonaffiliation is that these concepts mean different things to different people. Some people actively leave religious groups, some drift away, and others never join in the first place. This chapter argues that such variation creates an interpretive challenge for researchers. While they typically address this challenge by creating new categories for nonreligious identities, disagreement about those categories can create measurement error in survey research on nonreligion. An alternative approach is to focus on interpreting different nonreligious experiences using multiple measures of religiosity and focusing on differences in magnitude, rather than differences in kind. Results from two national surveys show how this interpretive approach can better capture the range of nonreligious experiences and improve survey research on the growing number of Americans with no religious affiliation.
Afterword: Approaching Religions – Some Reflections on Meaning, Identity, and Power
Authors: Singh Vikash
Published: January 2023

This is a primarily theoretical meditation on the key findings and arguments put forth in the chapters in this volume. Approaching these representations as the current “state of religion,” it situates them in light of the prognoses from classical thinkers, including Freud, Durkheim, and Weber. Building a conversation among the chapters, it seeks to outline the consequences of these exercises for broader debates in the sociology of religion. The chapter reflects on the divergent, often contradictory meanings (existential, systemic) and meaning-making that the “religious” enables in the range of empirical settings discussed in this volume. It highlights the many forms and disguises “religion” takes depending on the vicissitudes of history and power. While attending to the often-profound subjective significances of religion, this concluding chapter highlights how religious identifications are often complicit with and products of ideological and material domination.
The Forests In The City: Building Participatory Approaches To Urban-Environmental Governance
Authors: Connolly Creighton
Published: January 2023

This chapter moves out to the hills of the city, to document the growing development pressures on Penang's hills, which have been increasingly threatened by new development projects associated with the PTMP, including the Penang Island Link 1 (PIL1) Highway. It also discusses how the State Government's approach to the compounding effects of hillside development has been premised upon mitigation strategies to enable further development. It thereby points out the contradictions in Penang's vision of becoming a ‘Green and Smart State’, by illustrating how this has acted as a facade to veil the continued degradation of the broader urban ecosystem through development. The chapter argues that it is important to move beyond concepts of resilience, which advocate the implementation of technology and engineering measures to adapt to, rather than resist, the environmental shocks associated with intensive urban development.
Evaluation and characterization of imaging polarimetry through metasurface polarization gratings
Authors: Li Lisa W. , Rubin Noah A. , Juhl Michael , Park Joon-Suh , Capasso Federico
Published: January 2023

Metasurfaces are a new class of diffractive optical elements with
subwavelength elements whose behavior can be lithographically
tailored. By leveraging form birefringence, metasurfaces can serve as
multifunctional freespace polarization optics. Metasurface gratings
are novel, to the best of our knowledge, polarimetric components that
integrate multiple polarization analyzers into a single optical
element enabling the realization of compact imaging polarimeters. The
promise of metasurfaces as a new polarization building block is
contingent on the calibration of metagrating-based optical systems. A
prototype metasurface full Stokes imaging polarimeter is compared to a
benchtop reference instrument using an established linear Stokes test
for 670, 532, and 460 nm gratings. We propose a complementary full
Stokes accuracy test and demonstrate it using the 532 nm grating. This
work presents methods and practical considerations involved in
producing accurate polarization data from a metasurface-based Stokes
imaging polarimeter and informs their use in polarimetric systems more
generally.
Welfare technology interventions among older people living at home—A systematic review of RCT studies
Authors: Pajalic Zada , de Sousa Diana Aguiar , Strøm Benedicte Sørensen , Lausund Hilde , Breievne Grete , Kisa Sezer , Saplacan Diana , Larsen Marie Hamilton , Jøranson Nina
Published: January 2023

The main goal of health services is for the elderly to maintain their mental and physical health and live at home independently for as long as possible. Various technical welfare solutions have been introduced and tested to support an independent life. The aim of this systematic review was to examine different types of interventions and assess the effectiveness of welfare technology (WT) interventions for older people living at home. This study was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020190316) and followed the PRISMA statement. Primary randomized control trial (RCT) studies published between 2015 and 2020 were identified through the following databases: Academic, AMED, Cochrane Reviews, EBSCOhost, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Ovid MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Twelve out of 687 papers met the criteria for eligibility. We used risk-of-bias assessment (RoB 2) for the included studies. Based on the RoB 2 outcomes that showed a high risk of bias (>50%) and high heterogeneity of quantitative data, we decided to narratively summarize the study characteristics, outcome measures, and implications for practice. The included studies were conducted in six countries, namely the USA, Sweden, Korea, Italy, Singapore, and the UK. One was conducted in three European countries (the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland). A total of 8437 participants were sampled, and individual study sample sizes ranged from 12 to 6742. Most of the studies were two-armed RCTs, except for two that were three-armed. The duration of the welfare technology tested in the studies ranged from four weeks to six months. The employed technologies were commercial solutions, including telephones, smartphones, computers, telemonitors, and robots. The type of interventions were balance training, physical exercise and function, cognitive training, monitoring of symptoms, activation of emergency medical systems, self-care, reduction of death risk, and medical alert protection systems. The latter studies were the first of their kind and suggested that physician-led telemonitoring could reduce length of hospital stay. In summary, welfare technology seems to offer solutions to supporting elderly people at home. The results showed a wide range of uses for technologies for improving mental and physical health. All studies showed encouraging results for improving the participants’ health status.
Reasons for reductions in routine childhood immunisation uptake during the COVID-19 pandemic in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Cardoso Pinto Alexandra M. , Shariq Sameed , Ranasinghe Lasith , Sundar Budhathoki Shyam , Skirrow Helen , Whittaker Elizabeth , Seddon James A.
Published: January 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in a substantial decline in routine immunisation coverage in children globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study summarises the reasons for disruptions to routine child immunisations in LMICs. A systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42021286386) was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Six databases were searched: MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL, Scopus and MedRxiv, on 11/02/2022. Observational and qualitative studies published from January 2020 onwards were included if exploring reasons for missed immunisations during the COVID-19 pandemic in LMICs. Study appraisal used National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tools. Reasons for disruption were defined with descriptive codes; cross-sectional (quantitative) data were summarised as mean percentages of responses weighted by study population, and qualitative data were summarised narratively. A total of thirteen studies were included describing reasons behind disruptions; 7 cross-sectional (quantitative), 5 qualitative and 1 mixed methods. Seventeen reasons for disruptions were identified. In quantitative studies (total respondents = 2,853), the most common reasons identified were fear of COVID-19 and consequential avoidance of health centres (41.2%, SD ±13.3%), followed by transport challenges preventing both families and healthcare professionals from reaching vaccination services (11.1% SD ±16.6%). Most reasons stemmed from reduced healthcare-seeking (83.4%), as opposed to healthcare-delivery issues (15.2%). Qualitative studies showed a more even balance of healthcare-seeking (49.5%) and healthcare-delivery issues (50.5%), with fear of COVID-19 remaining a major identified issue (total respondents = 92). The most common reasons for disruption were parental fear of COVID-19 and avoidance of health services. Health systems must therefore prioritise public health messaging to encourage vaccine uptake and recovery of missed immunisations.