bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Reuterin and Bacteriocins Nisin and Pediocin on Preservation of Raw Milk Procured from Dairy Farms
Authors: Kumar Nirmal , Kumar Vinay , Waheed Syed Mohsin , Pradhan Diwas
Published: September 2020

Research background. In the current scenario of milk production in developing and developed countries, several factors influence the shelf-life of raw milk and add significant numbers of microbial contaminants that drastically lower the initial microbial quality leading to milk spoilage by the time it reaches the processing units.

Experimental approach. The present study was undertaken to investigate the biopreservative efficacy of reuterin system along with different combinations of bacteriocins in controlling the initial microflora of raw milk at farm level. Lactobacillus reuteri strain LR47, having effective antimicrobial activity, was shortlisted from our previous study and further characterized for reuterin production and tested in raw milk system.

Results and conclusions. Preliminary testing of the cell-free supernatant from L. reuteri LR47 demonstrated significant growth inhibition of the majority of the tested bacterial indicators of milk spoilage. Further genetic analysis of the L. reuteri LR47 revealed the presence of two genes (pduC and dhaB) involved in the utilization of glycerol to produce reuterin via two different pathways. The strain LR47 was also found to possess comparatively higher capacity to convert glycerol into reuterin when checked through colourimetric assay. In the raw milk biopreservation experiment with reuterin alone or in combination with bacteriocins, the highest level of growth suppression in the total bacterial load and coliform counts was observed in the sample that was treated with a combination of reuterin, nisin and pediocin. The treatment combining these three natural biopreservatives at specific concentrations was able to maintain the initial microbial quality and extend the shelf-life of raw milk by 6 h at 37 °C based on the microbial counts and physicochemical properties, viz. pH and titratable acidity. In conclusion, the results confirm that the use of reuterin in combination with bacteriocins is a promising approach for temporary control of the raw milk microflora and extension of its shelf-life until further processing.

Novelty and scientific contribution. This study demonstrates for the first time the use of reuterin for the extension of shelf-life of raw milk as an alternative treatment method.
Analysing stereotypes and prejudices about immigrant students in European secondary education.
Authors: MORENO-FERNÁNDEZ Olga , GUİCHOT-MUÑOZ Elena , DE SARLO Giulia , LEÓN-SÁNCHEZ Mario
Published: September 2020

This study is part of the QuamMELOT Erasmus+ Project, whose objective is to improve the educational and social inclusion of immigrant minors in general and unaccompanied foreign minors (UFM), through an online course for secondary school teachers with this type of students. This paper aims to analyse the stereotypes and prejudices about immigrant students in secondary education in three European countries: Spain, Greece and Italy. For this purpose, a content analysis of the products generated during the course by teachers has been carried out with a cross-sectional and structured methodology, focused on a descriptive-interpretative analysis according to the qualitative paradigm. The results show an increase in xenophobic statements as perceived by teachers. They believe that this is due to the impact of the global phenomenon of migration on the media, which affects everyday conversations, and a climate of fear exacerbated by populist voices in the political sphere. Moreover, through the analysis of the exercises proposed in the real class through the online course, it is interesting to observe the diversity of the students' reactions to a literary exercise that proposes a controversy about the "colonial difference" that still persists today. There is likewise awareness among teachers of a lack of methodological strategies to break down the prejudices and stereotypes that exist in their classrooms. It also highlights the need to raise awareness in the classroom about this danger, which is at the root of the principles of acceptance and multiculturalism on which Europe is founded.
Results of using the infection avoidance Protocol for postoperative wounds in spinal surgery
Authors: Grin A. A. , Kaykov A. K. , Kordonskiy A. Yu. , Karanadze V. A. , Levina O. A. , Popkova L. V.
Published: September 2020

Background. We developed a Protocol based on the results of a previous study of risk factors for infection of a postoperative wound: do not use monopolar coagulation on the skin and subcutaneous fat; remove hemostatic material from the wound; relax the established wound expander every 65 minutes; refuse to suture the muscles in the area of laminectomy, refuse to use an intradermal suture.

The study objective is a verification of the received Protocol.

Materials and methods. A comprehensive retrospective cohort study evaluated the results of surgical treatment of 575 spinal patients who were under the authors’ supervision in 2014–2016. Patients were divided into groups: operated in the period from 2014 to 2016 (control group), operated in 2017, in the treatment of which the Protocol for reducing complications was applied (main group).

Results. It was found that after the introduction of the Protocol, the percentage of patients with postoperative wound infection decreased from 6.0 to 1.3 %.

Conclusion. The resulting Protocol is an effective tool for reducing wound infection and can be recommended for prevention of the postoperative wound infection in patients with spinal with diseases and injuries.
Small epidural hematoma for surgery
Authors: Elenany S. A.
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Epidural hematoma (EDH) is when bleeding occurs between the tough outer membrane covering the brain (dura mater) and the skull. The most common cause is typically head injury. Diagnosis is typically by a computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging. If large EDH, treatment is generally by urgent surgery in the form of a craniotomy or burr hole. Without treatment, death typically results. We explore a surgical case of small frontal EDH in patient with Glasgow Coma Score 8.

Case report. Thirty years male patient was admitted at Emergency Hospital with Glasgow Coma Score 8 on ventilator. Rapid CT brain was done and showed massive brain edema with small EDH. Conservative treatment had been tried for 24 hours, but with no improvement as we could not give mannitol therapy to this patient. Follow-up CT showed the same EDH and brain edema. We tried new policy and evacuated EDH with giving mannitol and furosemide therapy postoperative. The patient became with Glasgow Coma Score 13 and improved in 7 days.

Conclusion. Evacuation of small EDH may be helpful in some conditions not responding to conservative treatment especially in severe brain edema.
Intraosseous arachnoid cyst of the skull. Clinical case
Authors: Nikitin A. S. , Nanaev R. M.
Published: September 2020

The objective is to describe the clinical case of arachnoid cyst of occipital bone.

Case report. Patient with arachnoid cyst of occipital bone was treated in the clinic of the A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry. The patient had severe pain in the occipital region for several years, conservative treatment was ineffective. Neuroimaging revealed an unusual intraosseous defect in the occipital bone. A partial resection of the occipital bone was performed and cranioplasty was made. During operation it was discovered that the patient had an intraosseous arachnoid cyst, the diagnosis was further confirmed by histological examination. After surgery, regression of pain in the occipital region was noted.

Conclusion. The intraosseous arachnoid cyst of the skull is an extremely rare and can cause a severe local headache. Surgery is an effective treatment of this pathology.
Non-saccular aneurysms: pathogenesis, clinic and methods of treatment (review)
Authors: Kravets L. Ya. , Pogosyan A. D.
Published: September 2020

In clinical practice, we use the term “fusiform aneurysm” for local expansion of artery. Under this generic term specialists understand heterogeneous arterial pathology, which is very important for diagnosis and choosing the treatment. We conducted an analysis of scientific literature published in 1987–2019, including 63 foreign and 4 Russian sources devoted to pathogenesis and types of non-saccular aneurysms. Among non-saccular aneurysms, dolichoectatic aneurysms are distinguished, rather of genetically or non-atherosclerotic origin and fusiform aneurysm acquired due to dissection processes. Features of mechanisms of their formation, variants of clinical course and methods of treatment are presented.
Organic geochemical and petrographical characteristics of the lower part of Sarmord Formation, M-2 Well, Miran Oil Field, Kurdistan, NE Iraq: Implications for hydrocarbon generation potential and thermal maturation
Authors: Fatah Sardar , Salih Danyar , Kalaitzidis Stavros , Mohialdeen Ibrahim , Khanaqa Polla
Published: September 2020

The Lower Cretaceous Sarmord Formation (Hauterivian–Barremian) has been investigated in this study. The selected M-2 Well is one of the wells belonging to Miran block, Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The area of interest is situated in the High Folded Zone, Western Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt, being approximately 30 km far from Sulaimani City towards the northwest direction. The selected samples were analyzed by Rock-Eval pyrolysis, infrared spectroscopy, and also studied microscopically to determine the quality and quantity of organic matter, the level of thermal maturity, as well as the hydrocarbon generation potentiality. Rock-Eval pyrolysis data show that the total organic carbon for Sarmord Formation is between 0.83 wt.% to 1.55 wt.%, with an average value of 1.27 wt.%. The average and range of S1, S2, and genetic potential (S1+S2) are: 0.76 (0.55–1.09) mg HC/g rock, 0.82 (0.65 – 1.28) mg HC/g rock, and 1.58 (1.21 -2.37) mg HC/g rock, respectively. The average value of pyrolysable carbon (PC) and residual carbon (RC) are of 0.23 wt.% and 1.04 wt.%, respectively. The hydrogen index (HI) is between 47 and 98, with an average value of 66. The obtained data indicate that the Sarmord Formation has a satisfiable range of total organic carbon content, but the organic matter by itself has poor potential to generate hydrocarbons because of low amount of S2, HI, and PC. The Rock-Eval maturity parameters (Tmax and PI ) are undependable in this study. Because they are out of the acceptable range. The cutting samples in this well have been contaminated by solid drilling additives, which were identified during the petrographiocal study by their structure and low reflectance values. The double peaks of S2, solid drilling additives, are affected of disturbing maturity parameters of Rock-Eval data. The petrographic study proved that the samples mostly contain bituminite, which is disseminated predominantly within the clayey particles, with minor amounts of alginite. Additionally, weathered and degraded humic particles are interpreted as content of drilling mud. The kerogen types are mostly of Type II kerogen, because the vitrinite macerals are absent and we have an indication of alginite; which is one of precursos of formation of bituminite. This result is controversial with the graphical presentation of kerogen type by Rock-Eval and infrared microscopy, as they are interpreted as Type III gas-prone kerogen. The equivalent vitrinite reflectance for the studied section ranges between 0.73-0.81%, with the values close to 0.80% being more accurate as were measured in homogenous solid bitumens. The obtained values indicate maturation within the oil window. While based on infra red spectroscopy, maturation is between 0.80 to 1.10, suggesting to higher maturation level compared to vitrinite reflectance values.
Sequence stratigraphic investigation of the Early Miocene Formations in the Zagros Folded belt using wireline well logs analysis
Authors: Hussein Devan
Published: September 2020

Based on the available core sample description and wireline log analysis, sedimentary facies, microfacies and lithofacies interpretation are evaluated to determine the large scale architecture in the Early Miocene formations, from close to the contemporaneous Lower Miocene depositional margin of the Zagros basin, as represented in outcrop sections, to productive oil field within the Kirkuk embayment equivalents ca. 100 km to the south-west and west. Sequence stratigraphic methods of sedimentary log interpretation and log correlation are used to construct a model of the overall regressive and transgressive or combined transgressive to regressive character of each of the formations, thus providing an indication of the gross reservoir stacking patterns over this distance. Based on outcrop descriptions and wireline log data the Dhiban Formation is interpreted as a lowstand system tract (LST) of a third order depositional sequence, lying between the Euphrates Formation regressive parasequence set that could represent a highstand systems tract (HST) of a third order sequence and the transgressive parasequence set (third order transgressive systems tract, TST) of the lower part of the Jeribe Formation.  Several higher order transgressive and regressive cycles are evident within the Dhiban Formation in the subsurface sections. The transgressive cycles within the Dhiban formation are associated with the carbonate layers. Yellowish grey, friable anhydrite is recognized in the Dhiban Formation at outcrop, and thick anhydrite of low gamma ray and high density readings was identified in the subsurface sections. This lowstand evaporite system filling the basin centre can be confirmed as the relevant model for the mixed carbonate-evaporite basin at the scale of a third order cycle.
Late Cretaceous Ostracoda in the Shiranish Formation Dokan Area, Kurdistan Region-NE Iraq
Authors: Taha Zardasht
Published: September 2020

Ostracods are described for the first time from Late Cretaceous (Late Campanian - Maastrichtian) deep marine sediments of the Shiranish Formation of Dokan area. They were collected using a new technique for releasing ostracod shells from a bluish white marl and marly limeston (hemipelagite). Twenty- two ostracod species are identified, belonging to the genera Bythocypris, Cytherella, Cypridopsis, Eucypris, Krithe, Mongolianella, Paracypris, Paracypretta, Parakrithe and Xestoleberis. Only eight ostarcods species belonging to ten genera are systematically described as detail. The ostracod fauna supports a Late Cretaceous (Late Campanian- Early Maastrichtia) age for the Shiranish Formation of Dokan area.
Origin of the Phacoid Structures within the Chia Gara Formation, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Ahmed Sirwan , Mohialdeen Ibrahim , Muhammed Hemin
Published: September 2020

Special structural shapes exhibit occurrence in the sequence of Chia Gara Formation in the northwestern part of the Zagros belt in Kurdistan region-Iraq. These structures name as Phacoids that have spherical to semi-spherical shape. Constructing concentric zonal features in the carbonate/shale of Chia Gara Formation. These structures are characterized by the presence of ball-like bodies within the host rocks. The diameter of phacoids ranged from 20cm to about 120cm. They are harder than the host rock. Seven outcrop sections, of Chia Gara Formation are reviewed and two of them studied in detail to determining the origin and process of their formation. The phacoids can be conceder as sedimentary key marker to recognize the Chia Gara Formation in the outcrops. Petrographically, the phacoids are mostly organic matter–rich bioclastic lime wackestone. The bitumens are present in sub-parallel lines in a calcareous groundmass. However, the host rock is generally composed of calcareous shale rich in organic matter but barren of fossils. The carbonate phacoids were forming in a competent/incompetent sequence. The mechanism of creating these carbonate phacoids structures are related to the compression stress and diagenesis processes on the carbonate/shale successions. Some phacoids directly formed from the carbonate strata after separated and rolled due to continue compression shear stress that in the final stage form the carbonate phacoid with the aids of diagenesis.
Ideal Graphs Supported By Given Ideals of Commutative Rings
Authors: Abdulqadr Fryad
Published: September 2020

In this paper we introduce and study a new kind of graph that constructed by non-trivial ideals of a commutative ring with identity. Let R be a commutative ring with identity and P be a non-trivial ideal of R. The ideal graph supported by the ideal P, denoted by (P), is the undirected graph whose vertices are those non-trivial ideals I of R such that there exists a non-trivial ideal JI of R with IJ⊂P, and every two vertices I and J are adjacent if IJ and IJ⊂P. We investigate the connectivity, completeness and planarity of the graph (P). Also we explore the diameter, girth, domination, clique number and chromatic number of (P).
Throughput Performance Evaluation of LTE-Advanced with Inter-band Carrier Aggregation
Authors: Mohammed Salim , Abdalla Dana
Published: September 2020

The increasing number of mobile smartphone users requires additional spectrum to maintain cellular quality of service. The 800 MHz band is a good candidate to achieve this goal. It can be used as standalone spectrum or aggregated with other licensed bands to increase the available bandwidth. This paper compares through physical layer simulation the downlink throughput versus distance performance of LTE-Advanced in two different bands. We consider a high frequency band at 2.6 GHz and the 800 MHz to model bands 7 and 20 of inter-band carrier aggregation CA_7-20 respectively. The link level simulation is performed for single antenna system at three different urban locations. The channel is modelled using an enhanced 3D ITU-R channel model combined with measured 3D radiation patterns for the base station and user equipment antennas. The BER versus SNR results show that the 800 MHz band enjoys a gain of up to 1 dB as a result of higher Ricean K-factors. Moreover, for the assumed simulation parameters, at distances beyond 400 m the throughput of the 800 MHz band is significantly higher than the 2.6 GHz band. At a distance of 750 m,  the throughput for the 800 MHz band is 4.5 times greater than the 2.6 GHz band. These benefits are shown to relate to the lower path loss values observed in the 800 MHz band.
Measuring inflammation in patients with allergic rhinitis using different biomarkers
Authors: Hamad Sherko , Janson Christer , Rahman Heshu , Issa Sulaf , Othman Hemn , Tahir Dara , Amin Kawa
Published: September 2020

Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disease affecting the mucosal lining of the nose of individuals of all ages. The allergen in the air involves‏ attaching by Immunoglobulin E that causes the release of inflammatory chemicals from mast cells. This study aimed to measure the serum level of biomarkers and to determine the correlation between them in mediating activate cell in patients with AR. In this study, blood samples were taken from 88 AR patients and 88 healthy controls (HC) Symptom score was measured using the SNOT-22 questionnaire and blood sample was analyzed for eosinophil counts (B-Eos) using optical flow cytometry, IgE by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, as well as eosinophilic cationic protein, anti-alpha smooth muscle actin (anti-SMA), cyclooxygenase- 2 (COX-2R), phosphatase and tensin (PTEN) homolog and Tryptase Alpha/Beta 1 (TPSABI) by ELISA. B-Eos, IgE, ECP, anti-SMA, and symptom scores were significantly higher in AR patients than in HC. As a result, we found that there was correlation between B-Eos and ECP (r = 0.66, p = 0.001). There was also a correlation between IgE and symptom score (r=0.64, p=0.01). COX-2 also correlated with symptoms score (r = 0.52, p = 0.04). There was a positive correlation between phosphatase and tensin homolog and TPSAB1 (r = 0.76, p<0.001) and PTEN and ECP (r = 0.53, p = 0.03). In conclusion, we realized that in allergic rhinitis, the airway inflammation was characterized by high numbers of eosinophil, IgE, ECP and anti-SMA. B- Eos, IgE and COX-2 were related to symptom scores. The study highlights the importance of systemic inflammation in AR.
The Association between breast cancer and some lifestyle factors among women in Sulaymaniyah city, Iraq: Case-Control study
Authors: Shali Alla , Mohammed Atiya
Published: September 2020

A healthy lifestyle could contribute to decreasing breast cancer in women at high risk. This study was performed to find out the association between some lifestyle factors, and breast cancer among women in Sulaymaniyah city. A retrospective case-control study was carried out, from July 2019 to October 2019. Purposive sample 400 women attending Hiwa Hospital and Teaching Hospital were assigned to either the case or group. A questionnaire was constructed by the researcher to elicit detailed information related to study objectives. All subjects were completed as in-person interview techniques. The questionnaire is presented to a panel of 12 experts to check the validity. Internal consistency and reliability were measured by using Cronbach's alpha formula on the questionnaire list. Analyzing and interpreting data using the application of descriptive statistical analysis, inferential chi-square test. The results have revealed that there was a significant association between breast cancer and educational level, residence area, body mass index, abortion, hormonal contraception, long-duration contraception use above 6 years, benign breast disease. The study concludes that women with higher Body mass index riskier to breast cancer in their lives.
In vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Some Fecal Filtrates
Authors: Khdir Karokh , Al-Jaff Bahrouz
Published: September 2020

Animal feces have been studied and recognized as a crucial resource for exploring and discovering new novel bioactive compounds produced by host, microbiota, or host- microbiota interaction that may have therapeutic importance. To investigate the cytotoxic effect of human (healthy and colorectal cancer), dog, and cow fecal filtrates that serves as natural bioreactors. The cytotoxic activity was calculated as inhibitory concentration (IC50) based on the percentage of % viability using MTT 3-(4, 5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay for 4 crude cell-free fecal filtrates and their Sephadex G100 fractions in vitro against HeLa human cervical cancer cell line. The optical densities (OD) of the fractions were checked at wavelength of 280 nm and considered in the assay rather than cytotoxic active compound concentrations.  Cytotoxic activity of each crude fecal filtrate appeared to be dose-dependent (P<0.001) and less active than 40-400 μg/ml 5-flourouracil (5-FU). IC50 for dog, cow, healthy human, colorectal fecal filtrates, and 5-FU were 442.64 ± 23.29, 1265 ± 35.8, 1715 ± 56.9, 400.76 ± 32 and 134.33 ± 3.29 μg/ml respectively. Out of 11 dog fecal filtrate fractions, 4 fractions (F4, F5, F6 and F7) were within IC50 range. Out of 10 cow fecal filtrate fractions, 3 fractions (F3, F5 and F6) were within IC50 range. Out of 11 healthy human fecal filtrate fractions, 2 fractions (F3 and F4) were within IC50 range. Out of 12 colorectal fecal filtrate fractions; 4 fractions (F2, F3, F4 and F6) were within IC50 range against HeLa cells. The crude fecal filtrates and their fractions were with apparent cytotoxic activity showed that the colorectal patients and dogs’ fecal filtrates have higher cytotoxic activity followed by cows and then the healthy humans. This step could be a start for identifying compounds responsible for cytotoxic activity in hope to explore new medicine with therapeutic activity against cancer.
Biochemical and molecular identification with antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial species isolated from organs and tissues of Alectoris chukar subspecies Kurdistanica
Authors: Rahman Heshu , Ali Kwestan , Abdulrahman Nawzad , Rashid Peshnyar , Mahmood Alan , Othman Hemn , Amin Kawa , Abdullah Rasedee
Published: September 2020

The current study was conducted on 50 Alectoris chukar subspecies Kurdestanica that was collected from Sulaymaniyah Province, Kurdistan Region, Northern Iraq, during the period of April to the end of September 2016. Samples of liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidneys, heart, lungs, gizzard, breast, and thigh muscle tissues were tested for bacterial isolates. Preliminary characterization of the isolated bacteria was carried out by morphological and biochemical methods. The VITEK 2® system was used to confirm the isolated species, while the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for the detection of the resistance gene in the bacterial isolates. As a result, tested samples showed the presence of Staphylococcus sciuri and Escherichia coli. Additionally, antimicrobial susceptibility test was done to determine the bacterial susceptibility to various antibiotics and as a result; E. coli showed 100% susceptibility to penicillin, azithromycin, tetracycline, and doxycycline and 75% susceptibility to streptomycin. On the other hand, S. sciuri exhibited 75% susceptibility to azithromycin, penicillin, and doxycycline, 50% susceptibility to streptomycin, and 25% susceptibility to tetracycline. Molecular identification showed that only the S. sciuri isolates carried the methicillin-resistant mecA gene. To our knowledge, this is the first record of isolation of the S. sciuri methicillin-resistant mecA gene from A. chukar subspecies Kurdestanica.
Early menopause and premature ovarian insufficiency: problems and perspectives
Authors: Blinov D. V. , Hasan P. L. , Mnatsakanyan A. N. , Korabelnikov D. I. , Safarov A. T. , Pavlova N. V. , Zakharova N. S. , Ponomarev D. A. , Petrenko D. A.
Published: September 2020

In this review we summarize current data on prevalence, etiology and pathogenesis resulting in premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). In particular, genetic, autoimmune, metabolic, iatrogenic disorders as well as unfavorable impact of environmental factors represent key pathogenetic mechanisms underlying POI development. Clinical picture of this disease is mainly manifested by oligo- and amenorrhea as well as genitourinary menopausal syndrome (GUMS). Special attention is paid to a link between such clinical signs and psychosocial discomfort not being a life-threatening condition but still able to markedly lower quality of woman’s life and considered as a comorbidity with type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) serves as the first-line therapeutic approach for treating POI, which is performed according to the principles similar to those used to perform menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in case of natural menopause that should be continued until reaching at least the average age for the onset of menopause. Topical estriol therapy eliminates GUMS symptoms, which in turn positively affects sexual function and woman’s psychosocial status and contributes to improved quality of life. The data from recent studies examining topical estriol therapy in POI demonstrated high efficacy and safety. Finally, we also discuss diverse strategies to support reproductive function in women with POI.
In defense of undeservedly accused and offended medical doctors: “Medical Doctor’s Rights”, а 3rd edition review
Authors: Shkoda A. S. , Blinov D. V. , Makatsariya A. D.
Published: September 2020

Currently, a number of court hearings regarding potential crimes in delivering health-care services have been exponentially increased. Some of them receive publicity and launch public debates, but many more of those stay beyond the information field. A number of medical doctors are targeted in the investigation as defendants and sentence to actual jail time. Numerous medical workers envisioning a threat to their professional carrier, and even freedom, may now avoid of risky manipulations and interventions, which may eventually negatively affect patient’s prognosis. In such situation, increasing awareness about rights of medical workers acquires special relevance. In the mean time, professional publications dedicated to this topic are sharply demanded that might be useful and written in plain Russian. Among them, it may be highlighted a book “Medical Doctor’s Rights”, by A.A. Ponkina and I.V. Ponkin thoroughly elucidating professional rights and providing tools necessary for their defense. Although we believe that it’s scarcely describes causes, real-life cases it is excusable for this otherwise brilliant book. We recommend it for careful examination both for law enforcement officers involved in such lawsuits and a wide audience of healthcare workers as well as medical students.
A research on antioxidant activity evaluation of waste lignocellulosic biomass: optimization using response surface methodology
Authors: MERYEMOĞLU Bahar , KAYA Burçak , NİŞ Berna
Published: September 2020

In the present study, lignocellulosic biomass such as corn straw and sorghum were used as raw materials for a new, abundant, low-cost and natural antioxidant source to use in foods or medicinal materials as replacements for synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The effect of extraction temperature, extraction time, solvent volume on extraction yield, total phenol content and antioxidant activity were investigated and the results obtained by response surface methodology (RSM) were evaluated. Linear and quadratic models were revealed as a result of experiments. The fit of these models with predictions results were tested and optimal condition parameters were investigated. It was seen that different results were obtained because of structural differences between corn straw and sorghum. These results showed that the extraction temperature was the main positive linear effect on extraction yield. The solvent volume and temperature were found to important model terms for total phenol content. For antioxidant activity, the solvent volume was the main linear effect for sorghum where as it has a quadratic effect for corn straw biomass.
On some geometric properties of normalized Wright functions
Authors: TOKLU Evrim , KARAGÖZ Neslihan
Published: September 2020

The main purpose of the present paper is to determine the radii of lemniscate starlikeness, lemniscate convexity, Janowski starlikeness and Janowski convexity of normalized Wright functions. The key tools in the proof of our main results are the infinite product representation of Wright function and some properties of real zeros of the Wright function and its derivative.
Evaluation of tetracycline, oxytetracycline and penicillin G residues in chicken meat samples by high performance liquid chromatography with pda detection
Authors: OZDEMİR OLGUN Fatos Ayca , DEMİRATA Birsen
Published: September 2020

Penicillin G, tetracycline and oxytetracycline are broad-spectrum antibiotics with considerably low side effects which are used in most of the poultries. Due to complex matrix effects, it is considerably difficult to isolate these compounds from other molecules (such as proteins and lipids) in order to analyze. In this study, a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with photodiode array (PDA) detector system was introduced for the determination of tetracycline, oxytetracycline and penicillin G residues in nine chicken breast samples. For the separation of tetracycline and oxytetracycline out of samples prior to the analysis, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and McIlvaine buffer solutions were used while formic acid and phosphate buffer solutions were utilized for penicillin G using a solid phase extraction system. The peaks at the chromatograms were enlightened and recovery percentages were calculated using spiked samples (96.57% for penicillin G; 99.00% for oxytetracycline; 95.92% for tetracycline). LOD and LOQ values were calculated, respectively as 1.55 gL-1 and 5.20 gL-1 for tetracycline; 1.32 gL-1 and 4.39 gL-1 for oxytetracycline; 1.07 gL-1 and 3.60 gL-1 for penicillin G. With the proposed method, the determination of three antibiotic residues was performed in less than 15 minutes and applied successfully to real samples.
Pressure and temperature effects on magnetoelectric band energies in GaAs / InxGa1-xAs cylindrical quantum wires
Authors: BAŞER Pınar
Published: September 2020

Low-dimensional systems, consisting of GaAs / InGaAs heterostructures, have attracted considerable attention due to their many applications in optoelectronic and microelectronic devices. In the present work, the electron and the heavy-hole ground state energy in an InGaAs/GaAs cylindrical quantum well wires (CQWWs) is investigated with the consideration of geometrical confinement. The ground state energy was calculated as a function of hydrostatic pressure and temperature. Under the constant pressure and at a certain magnetic field value, while the ground state energy of the electron and the hole decreases depending on the temperature, it is observed that the energy increases as the hydrostatic pressure increases under the constant temperature. These calculations are interpreted with graphics.
Brief medical report on the activity of the obstetric department of the gynecological clinic prof. N. V. Yastrebova at the Imperial Warsaw University for 1888—15 March — 1890
Authors: Brzhezinsky V. A.
Published: September 2020

There are two periods in the life of our clinic: 1) from the beginning of its existence until 1885 and 2) from 1885 to the present.
Presentation of the placenta with dropsy of the fetus
Authors: Ginzburg M.
Published: September 2020

Dr. Beeston has watched a lady for many years. Her first childbirth was complicated by eclampsia and ended by turning on the legs, under chloroform; after that she gave birth to 3 more children, all prematurely and dead. During all pregnancies, she found protein in her urine, but after childbirth, her health improved.
Meeting of obstetric and gynecological societies. Protocol No. 12. Meeting on April 13, 1895
Authors: Ott D. O.
Published: September 2020

D.O. Ott chaired.29 members were present: Antipov, I.A., Batsevich, Vasten, Vertsinskiy, Rustyskiy, Dobradin, Dolinskiy, Dranitsyn, Zheltukhin, Zabolotskiy, Zamshin, Kakushkin, Lileyev, Lichkus, Massnyanskiy, Polevyskiy, Polinskiy , Sadovskiy, Salmanov, Serezhnikov, Stelmakhovich, Stravinskiy, Fisher, Chernyshev, Shverdlov and 25 guests.
Taxation of Religious Organizations in Ukraine
Authors: Bilash Oleksandr , Karabin Tetyana
Published: September 2020

Opodatkowanie religijnych organizacji w Ukrainie

W artykule przeanalizowano właściwości opodatkowania organizacji religijnych, a także przedsiębiorstw, instytucji i zakładów, utworzonych przez organizacje religijne w Ukrainie. Zbadano ulgi związane z uzyskaniem statusu organizacji niedochodowej (odnośnie do podatku od dochodu), a także ulgi, które są związane z zabezpieczeniem działalności statutowej organizacji religijnej (odnośnie do podatku od majątku i podatku od kosztów dodanych). Ustalono, że najbardziej napełniające budżety podatki, które pełnią ważne funkcje społeczne (podatek od dochodów osób fizycznych, państwowe ubezpieczenie społeczne), organizacje religijne spłacają na zasadach ogólnych, co z jednej strony formuje odpowiednie warunki dla spełnienia przez te organizacje swoich zadań z realizacji usług socjalnych, a z innej, zabezpiecza zasadę równości i niedyskryminacji podmiotów gospodarczych.
Relacja między pracą a kapitałem w społecznym nauczaniu Kościoła. Wprowadzenie do problematyki
Authors: Święs Kazimierz
Published: September 2020

Zamiarem autora było ukazanie stanowiska Kościoła wobec ważnego wymiaru kwestii społecznej, jakim jest relacja pomiędzy pracą i kapitałem. W konkluzji stwierdzono, że Kościół w swoim społecznym nauczaniu początkowo nie przeciwstawiał tych dwóch czynników produkcji, ale też nie stawiał priorytetów. Począwszy od Soboru Watykańskiego II społeczne nauczanie Kościoła coraz wyraźniej akcentuje pierwszeństwo pracy przed kapitałem. Największe zasługi na tym polu ma Jan Paweł II. W pespektywie antropologii teologicznej ukazał on personalistyczną wizję osoby, wielką jej godność, a pracę jako powołanie przez Boga i uczestnictwo w jego stwórczym dziele. Osoba ludzka, jako podmiot i sprawca ma zawsze pierwszeństwo przed środkami materialnymi. Ta zasada powinna przyświecać reformom życia gospodarczego na poziomie tworzenia ogólnych ram politycznych, wewnętrznej organizacji wielkich korporacji oraz małych przedsiębiorstw.
Phenolformaldehyde Resins: Properties, Fields of Application and Methods of Synthesis
Authors: Berdnikova P. V. , Zhizhina E. G. , Pai Z. P.
Published: September 2020

The review considers the current situation in the market of phenolformaldehyde resins, which form the basis for a wide spectrum of binding compositions with variable properties, which allow obtaining various materials for particular technological purposes. Properties, types and application fields of phenolformaldehyde resins are characterized, their advantages and drawbacks are discussed, and possible more promising analogs are considered. The development of new and modification of existing processes for the synthesis of phenolformaldehyde resins by varying the process conditions and selecting the optimal catalyst were shown to be topical.
Synthesis and Characterization of Barium Titanate Nanopowders by Pechini Process
Authors: AKTAŞ Pelin
Published: September 2020

Barium titanate nanoparticles have been synthesized via Pechini method, using barium acetate and an aqueous solution of titanium(IV) triethanolaminato isopropoxide. Structural properties of barium titanate (BaTiO3) are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). XRD and Rietveld refinement studies revealed that BaTiO3 possesses a cubic structure with a space group of Pm-3m (#221). As estimated by the Scherrer formula, the average crystallite size was accurately determined to be properly 51.9 nm for the calcined temperature at 800ºC.
Visualization and Digitalization: Between Tradition and Innovation in Modern Education
Authors: Simbirtseva Natalia
Published: September 2020

This article considers visualization as a special way in which the individual represents information in the conditions of post-literacy and actualizes technological means from the digital environment. Along with the traditional understanding of literacy (visual, media and information), this study suggests that a new one should be developed dealing with the creation of texts of various modalities.  In connection with this, tasks aimed at developing critical thinking skills focused on understanding and comprehending the mechanisms and content of the conveyed information in actual socio-cultural practices are gaining particular relevance. When combining tradition and innovation in education, visualization is becoming an increasingly common practice teaching method. Media literacy as a set of competencies which allow a person to acquire information, create high-quality content and distribute it in various forms using modern technologies, becoming a part of a large public dialogue. The possibility of representation of data, both visual and visualized, with the help of technologies contributes not only to the inclusion of the student in the media context of the present but also to the professional formation of his personality.
Keywords: visualization; digitalization; visual literacy; information literacy; media literacy; traditions and innovations in education
Language Aspect in Education As an Aspect of Intercultural Rivalry
Authors: V. Litvak Nikolay
Published: September 2020

This article considers how the modern phenomena of multilingualism, multiculturalism and media diversity are different from those of previous periods. With the promotion of multiculturalism as a constructive interaction of cultures, the “clash of civilizations” is also actively discussed as is the fact that, despite the expansion of compulsory multilingualism in education, the dominance of only one language is consistently growing, including officially multilingual Europe. In this regard, it is important to consider such sociocultural processes against wider sociopolitical, cultural and philosophical contexts. The mobility of modern people and their communication with each other is much greater than before, but the language barrier is overcome not so much by their multilingualism or a new lingua franca (English), but by the creation of tourist and business infrastructures, whose employees learn several foreign languages, and only in a small necessary amount. In addition, a small number of professional translators are used when and where a highly qualified translation with a very precise semantic understanding is required. In the future this role might well belong to translation machines. With these realities, as well as with some of the rights of the child, the obligatory study of two or more languages, in most cases the English, provides a stark contrast. The main justification for such a policy is that it supposedly increases the chances of employment. Yet this is an ideological construct, the implementation of which is consuming an ever-increasing proportion of budgetary funds and personal time of students and teachers.
Keywords: education, bilingualism, multilingualism, values, intercultural communication, intercultural rivalry
Educative Aspect of Multilingual Education
Authors: Kharlamova Yulia
Published: September 2020

In this article the author considers the aims of multilingual education and opportunities of changing its content. The study emphasizes the value of developing the educative aspect of multilingual education in every lesson of foreign language. Due to the humanistic character of education, the main place is occupied by human values, that is why the author examines the educational aspect of multilingual education and the skills and values forming at school: patriotism; tolerance; communication ability; and language. Moreover, the forms and methods used in educational process of multilingual education are considered: patriotism; social solidarity; citizenship; family; work and creativity; traditional religions; science; art and literature; nature; and humanity. In addition, the study identifies the values instilled to students during foreign language lessons, such as: language; communication; beauty and correctness of speech. The article concludes with some examples of forming these values during educational process – different forms and methods of work in the classroom: verbal, reproductive methods, games, etc.
Keywords: multilingual education, educational aspect, multilingual lessons
Web Application "Linguistica": Concept and Possibilities of Utilization for Purpose of Increasing University’s Virtual Interface Attractiveness
Authors: Bogoyavlenskaya Yuliya , Plotnikova Maria
Published: September 2020

This article analyzes the limitations and problems of linguistic corpora utilization and attempts to solve them. The analysis revealed that among the  main advantages  of a significant part of the corpora, the possibility of analyzing large text fragments to determine their frequency of use in different contexts, as well as the high quality   and speed of information processing can be noted, which contributes to time savings while working with corpora. In addition, a high degree of objectivity of studies using the corpus methodology is achieved with the help of wide possibilities for verifying quantitative data. Among the main limitations of most of the corpora we indicated the impossibility of discursive marking of the corpus, paid access to the corpus data or the limitations of the data available for work and the lack of meaningful context. The computer program Linguistica providing the basis for a web application of the same name, is designed to create different types of linguistic corpora: research and training, monolingual and multilingual and others. The Linguistica web application can also contribute to fulfilling the research projects of teachers and students specializing in linguistics as well as to increasing the attractiveness of the electronic environment of the university.
Keywords: corpus, web application, corpus linguistics, electronic environment of the university
Translation As a Tool of Intercultural Dialogue
Authors: Kulsariyeva Aktolkyn , Zhumashova Zhuldyz
Published: September 2020

The universe can be envisaged as a global village with a diverse population of   more than hundred inhabitants. Each of them is unique. However, there is one thing which unites them: cultural dialogue and cross-cultural communication. The role of cultural interpretation is one of the vital phenomena in the cross-cultural dialogue. Therefore, the process of translation is directly connected with the discipline of cross-cultural communication. The process of translation was analyzed in this article as a phenomenon of civilization, since civilization is the result of cultural development, and only civilized cultures can be open to the interpretation of cultures. Consequently, the terms like dialogue, communication and connection have very close relationships with the translation process. This article seeks to distinguish these terms from each other and analyze their role in the civilization of cultures.
Keywords: civilization, interpretation, cross-cultural communication, cultural dialogue, Gutenberg galaxy
Pedagogical Conditions for Value Self-Determination of Students in the Multilingual Education
Authors: Mosienko Ludmila
Published: September 2020

The article is dedicated to the problem of the value self-determination in the multilingual education. The article defines the relevance of the stated problem expressed in the fact that modern conditions both external (globalization, integration, informatization, mobility) and internal (life in a multinational, multicultural environment, maintenance of national identity) dictate the need to solve an important strategic task – the formation of a person capable of living and actively participating in all processes of a multicultural, multilingual world. The article emphasizes that science has accumulated sufficient experience in the development of multicultural, multilingual education, however, there are unresolved issues relating to the content, means of education, and the organization of the process of multilingual education. As a result of the theoretical analysis, the article defines that self-determination is a valuable part of the student’s development, reflecting ascension to the values of multilingual education and the result expressed in the ability of responsible choice of aims and values, multicultural cooperation. As a result of the theoretical analysis and the application of such methods as questionnaires, cultural value orientation test, the test of communicative skills by L. Michelson, the pedagogical conditions of student’s value self-determination in multilingual education have been revealed: axiologization of the educational content, enrichment of value attitude to the multicultural world, other nations and one’s own Self, value cooperation in multicultural practices.
Keywords: multilingual education, value self-determination, pedagogical conditions