bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O FUNK E A LEITURA DIALÓGICA DE SUJEITOS: A PERSPECTIVA BAKHTINIANA
Authors: Silva Manuella Queiroz da , Alves Maria da Penha Casado
Published: January 2019

Neste estudo, realizado com alunos do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental, propomos uma busca do (re)conhecimento do sujeito social representado nas letras do funk que são utilizadas como instrumentos de reflexão em ambiente escolar, tendo como aporte teórico as concepções advindas do Círculo de Bakhtin. Para tanto, estruturamos tal pesquisa nas leituras do gênero discursivo canção do funk e nas atividades constantes no protótipo de ensino com base em Rojo (2015). Entendendo que a dialogicidade discursiva também se perfaz no ato da leitura, este estudo procura compreender o gênero discursivo literomusical funk, na tentativa de (re)conhecer as vozes existentes, bem como a responsividade dessas vozes, quais valores representam e o posicionamento dos alunos(as) quanto ao gênero discursivo em foco.
Corporate book publications in the corporate culture system
Authors: Bulatova E. K.
Published: February 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of corporate publications in the corporate culture system. A corporate publication is a new type of edition, which started to develop actively in Russia in the 1990s. To date, it is a complex of different types of publications: books, periodicals, small-print products, as well as websites, mobile applications, etc. as a variety form of corporate publications that perform similar functions. The study objective is to identify functions of book corporate publications, their place in the corporate culture system. The research methodology consists of a combination of a functional-typological method, a comparative-typological technique, and content analysis. The author identifies a range of problems facing the corporate publication study: absence of the «corporate publication» notion in the categorical-conceptual apparatus of bibliology; lack of statistical accounting; need to identify the essential characteristics of corporate publications, which include their functional purpose. The book edition performs specific functions, the main of which is forming the image and corporate culture. The corporate edition is a reflection of the visual and verbal brand system, a channel of communication and corporate advertising.
Structural Perspective on Revealing and Altering Molecular Functions of Genetic Variants Linked with Diseases
Authors: Peng Yunhui , Alexov Emil , Basu Sankar
Published: January 2019

Structural information of biological macromolecules is crucial and necessary to deliver predictions about the effects of mutations—whether polymorphic or deleterious (i.e., disease causing), wherein, thermodynamic parameters, namely, folding and binding free energies potentially serve as effective biomarkers. It is to be emphasized that the effect of a mutation depends on various factors, including the type of protein (globular, membrane or intrinsically disordered protein) and the structural context to which it occurs. Furthermore, due to the intrinsic plasticity of proteins, even mutations involving radical change of the structural and physico-chemical properties of the amino acids (native vs. mutant) can still have minimal effects of protein thermodynamics. However, if a mutation causes significant perturbation of either folding or binding free energies, it is quite likely to be deleterious. Mitigating such effects is a promising alternative to the traditional approaches of designing inhibitors. This can be done by structure-based in silico screening of small molecules for which binding to the dysfunctional protein restores its wild type thermodynamics. In this review we emphasize on the effects of mutations on two important biophysical characteristics, stability and binding affinity and how structures can be used for structure-based drug design to mitigate the effects of disease-causing variants on the above biophysical characteristics.
Minimizing an Insurer's Ultimate Ruin Probability by Noncheap Proportional Reinsurance Arrangements and Investments
Authors: Kasumo Christian
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we work with a diffusion-perturbed risk model comprising a surplus generating process and an investment return process. The investment return process is of standard Black-Scholes type, that is, it comprises a single risk-free asset that earns interest at a constant rate and a single risky asset whose price process is modelled by a geometric Brownian motion. Additionally, the company is allowed to purchase noncheap proportional reinsurance priced via the expected value principle. Using the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman approach, we derive a second-order Volterra integrodifferential equation which we transform into a linear Volterra integral equation of the second kind. We proceed to solve this integral equation numerically using the block-by-block method for the optimal reinsurance retention level that minimizes the ultimate ruin probability. The numerical results based on light- and heavy-tailed distributions show that proportional reinsurance and investments play a vital role in enhancing the survival of insurance companies. But the ruin probability exhibits sensitivity to the volatility of the stock price.
Distributed Orbit Determination for Global Navigation Satellite System with Inter-Satellite Link
Authors: Wen Yuanlan , Zhu Jun , Gong Youxing , Wang Qian , He Xiufeng
Published: January 2019

To keep the global navigation satellite system functional during extreme conditions, it is a trend to employ autonomous navigation technology with inter-satellite link. As in the newly built BeiDou system (BDS-3) equipped with Ka-band inter-satellite links, every individual satellite has the ability of communicating and measuring distances among each other. The system also has less dependence on the ground stations and improved navigation performance. Because of the huge amount of measurement data, centralized data processing algorithm for orbit determination is suggested to be replaced by a distributed one in which each satellite in the constellation is required to finish a partial computation task. In current paper, the balanced extended Kalman filter algorithm for distributed orbit determination is proposed and compared with whole-constellation centralized extended Kalman filter, iterative cascade extended Kalman filter, and increasing measurement covariance extended Kalman filter. The proposed method demands a lower computation power however yields results with a relatively good accuracy.
THE RELATIONSHIP MODEL AMONG OSH CLIMATE TO PREVENT NEEDLE STICK INJURY FOR NURSE
Authors: Ismara Ketut Ima , Husodo Adi Heru , Prabandari Yayi Suryo , Hariyono Widodo
Published: February 2019

Purpose: Finding out the relationship model among the climate of Occupational Safety & Health (OSH), behavior intention on OSH performance to prevent the needlestick injury (NSI) based on (TPB) Theory Planed Behaviour. Method: using a mixed method approach of qualitative and quantitative. Data from the questionnaires of SEM, observation, documentation and interviews were analyzed qualitatively. The population was all nurses at Hospiltal of dr.Sardjito in Yogyakarta, the sample consisted of 289 respondents of  purposive random with the accuracy level of 5%. Result: OSH climate consisting of attitude, norm and Perceived Behavior Control (PBC) effect on intention (safety intention). Indirect OSH climate influence on safety performance, but it must through intention. Intention directly affects safety performance in the form of behavior to implement NSI prevention procedure (NSI). Conclusion: attitudes to risk, attitudes to leader’s commitment as role models, and group norms, as well as beliefs in the ability to perform safety & health procedures determine the safety climate that will lead to an intention to safety & health behavior as OSH performance. The procedures preparation and implementation of NSI prevention should consider the model of this research result in order to work safely and healthy.
Impacto de la norma social subjetiva en la intención de emprendimiento sostenible: un caso de estudio con estudiantes colombianos
Authors: Gálvez-Albarracín Edgar Julián , Guauña-Aguilar Rafael Andrés , Pérez-Uribe Rafael Ignacio
Published: February 2019

Rev.esc.adm.neg   

El objetivo de este artículo, basado en la investigación científica que lo sustenta, es aportar nuevas evidencias en el campo del emprendimiento relacionado con sostenibilidad, las intenciones emprendedoras y la creación de empresas en estudiantes universitarios, en el Valle del Cauca. Se trabajó con una muestra de 246 estudiantes de contaduría pública y administración de empresas de la Universidad del Valle, Sede Norte del Cauca. Los resultados señalan que el 70% de alumnos estaban interesados en ser empresarios con enfoque sostenible, siendo la variable con mejor valoración el apoyo de la familia y que a mejor percepción de la norma subjetiva mayor intención emprendedora sostenible en las personas. De esta manera se comprobó la hipótesis formulada: cuanto mayor es en los estudiantes la percepción de una positiva valoración social respecto a la creación de empresas sostenibles, mayor es su actitud emprendedora
Enseñanza del emprendimiento en la educación superior: ¿Metodología o modelo?
Authors: Saldarriaga Salazar María Eugenia , Guzmán González María Fernanda
Published: February 2019

Rev.esc.adm.neg

En el presente documento se presentan los resultados de un análisis de metodologías y modelos para la enseñanza del emprendimiento utilizadas en algunas universidades, entre los años 2008-2016. Para tal fin, se realizó una búsqueda de información sobre algunas universidades europeas, americanas, latinoamericanas, colombianas y del departamento del Cauca que incluyen el emprendimiento dentro de sus planes de estudio en diversas áreas.Luego de ello, se clasificó y analizó la información hallada y por último se identificaron las similitudes y diferencias existentes. Se encontró entonces que no son ni metodologías ni modelos lo que la mayoría de las universidades emplea para la orientación del emprendimiento, aunque algunas han hecho una recopilación de información para poder apropiar una metodología de enseñanza del emprendimiento.
CASSETTE - clindamycin adjunctive therapy for severe Staphylococcus aureus treatment evaluation: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Dotel Ravindra , Tong Steven YC , Bowen Asha , Nelson Jane N , O'Sullivan Matthew VN , Campbell Anita J , McMullan Brendan J , Britton Philip N , Francis Joshua R , Eisen Damon P , Robinson Owen , Manning Laurens , Davis Joshua S
Published: January 2019

Background: Exotoxins are an important virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus. Clindamycin, a protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic, is thought to limit exotoxin production and improve outcomes in severe S. aureus infections. However, randomised prospective data to support this is lacking.
Methods: An open label, multicenter, randomised controlled trial (RCT) will compare outcome differences in severe S. aureus infection between a standard treatment (flucloxacillin/cefazolin in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus; and vancomycin/daptomycin in methicillin-resistance S. aureus) and a standard treatment plus an additional clindamycin given for 7 days. We will include a minimum of 60 participants (both adult and children) in the pilot study. Participants will be enrolled within 72 hours of an index culture. Severe infections will include septic shock, necrotising pneumonia, or multifocal and non-contiguous skin and soft tissue/osteoarticular infections. Immunosuppressed, moribund, current severe diarrhea or C. difficile infection, pregnant, and those with anaphylaxis to beta-lactams or lincosamides will be excluded. Primary outcomes measure is number of days alive and free (1 or none) of SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) within the first 14 days post randomization. Secondary outcomes measure will include all-cause mortality at 14, 42 and 90 days, time to resolution of SIRS, proportion with microbiological treatment failure, and rate of change of C-reactive protein over time. Impacts of inducible clindamycin resistance, strains types, methicillin-susceptibility, and presence of various exotoxins will also be analysed.
Discussion: This study will assess the effect of adjunctive clindamycin on patient-centered outcomes in severe, toxin mediated S. aureus infections. The Pilot study will provide feasibility for a much larger RCT.
Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12617001416381p. Registered 06 October 2017
Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, exotoxins, prospective studies, clindamycin, leukocidins
Impact of physical exercise on cardiotoxicity and cardiac health outcomes in women with breast cancer undergoing anthracycline-containing chemotherapy: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Antunes Pedro , Esteves Dulce , Nunes Célia , Sampaio Francisco , Ascensão Antonio , Vilela Eduardo , Teixeira Madalena , Amarelo Anabela Leal , Joaquim Ana
Published: January 2019

Background: Anthracyclines are chemotherapeutic agents frequently used in breast cancer (BC) treatment. Although improving disease-free and overall survival, the use of anthracyclines is associated with a cumulative risk of cardiac toxicity. Preventive strategies to optimize and balance cardiac health are needed, being exercise proposed as a potential non-pharmacological approach for counteracting of anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity (ARC). Despite most of the data analysing the role of exercise against cardiac toxicity and dysfunction caused by anthracyclines derived from animal studies, human studies claim for more accurate and valuable clinical biomarkers. Moreover, clinical trials in real-world setting and large samples are of pivotal importance.
Methods: This protocol describes a two-arm prospective randomized controlled trial that will explore the cardioprotective effect of a structured exercise program against ARC in women with BC. Eighty-six adult women with early BC and with a therapeutic decision to receive anthracycline-containing chemotherapy (ACT) will be randomly assigned (1:1) to an intervention group or to a control group. Patients allocated to the intervention group will perform a 3-weekly supervised exercise program combining resistance and aerobic training with progressive intensity (light-to-vigorous), during the overall ACT. The control group will receive standard BC care. Primary outcomes related to cardiac (dys)function will be circulating N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, resting left ventricular (LV) longitudinal strain, and resting LV ejection fraction. Secondary outcomes will include the assessment of resting blood pressure, resting heart rate (HR), resting HR variability (HRV) and recovery HR. Exploratory outcomes include physical function outcomes, self-reported physical activity level, health related to quality of life and fatigue. Data will be obtained at baseline (t0), after the end of anthracycline-treatment (t1), and three months after t2 (t2). Additionally, NT-proBNP levels will be measured between 1-24 hours prior to each anthracycline-treatment cycle.
Discussion: The implementation of the present study design, using novel clinical biomarkers and “between” outcomes’ associations, will help to understand the effectiveness of structured exercise interventions at mitigating ARC, further contributing to the improvement of supportive cancer care.
Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN32617901. Registered on 24 October 2018. Last updated on 11 January 2019, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN32617901.
Keywords: Breast cancer, cardiotoxicity, cardiac healthcare, supervised exercise, supportive cancer care.
Biological Seed Treatments
Authors: Callan Nancy W. , Mathre Don E.
Published: January 2019

Biological seed treatment offers a safe, environmentally responsible option for protection of seeds and seedlings from attack by soilborne pathogens. Most effective biological seed treatments have used either bacterial or fungal agents. The efficacy of a biological seed treatment depends upon the ability of the biocontrol agent to compete and function on the seed and in the rhizosphere under diverse conditions of soil pH, nutrient level, moisture, temperature, and disease pressure. Seed treatment performance may be improved through application and formulation technology. An example of this is the bio-priming seed treatment, a combination of seed priming and inoculation with Pseudomonas aureofaciens AB254, which was originally developed for protection of sh-2 sweet corn from Pythium ultimum seed decay. Bio-priming has been evaluated for protection of seed of sweet corn and other crops under a range of soil environmental conditions.
Utilization of Municipal Solid Waste Compost for Vegetable Crop Production
Authors: Worden Christopher , Bouwkamp John C. , Gouin Francis R. , McClurg Charles
Published: January 2019

Vegetable culture with Municipal Solid Waste Compost (MSWC) amended soils was evaluated with the emphasis on crop and soil responses. There were three treatments of 0, 20, and 40 t·ha–1 of MSWC applied in the fall of 1993 to a Matapeake Silt Loam on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. The following spring the soil was prepared for planting tomatoes and green beans. All crop management practices were in accordance with the standard procedures followed in Maryland for each crop, except for the addition of the MSWC. Both crop yields were significantly increased with the addition of the MSWC. Following the bean crop, broccoli transplants were established in the fall of 1994. Again, the yields obtained with the MSWC plots as compared to the control were significantly greater. Soil properties were also favorably affected by the addition of the compost. Analysis of soil samples indicated significant increases with MSWC, such as cation exchange capacity, soil pH, percent organic matter, and water-holding capacity.
Poinsettia Bract Edge Burn: Potential Causes and Role of Calcium Sprays and Botrytis
Authors: Barrett J.E. , Nell T.A. , Blom T.J. , Hammer P.A.
Published: January 2019

Bract edge burn (BEB) is a serious commercial problem, and a cooperative trial with six cultivars was conducted at the above research locations and in commercial greenhouses in the respective areas. `Success' and `21-91' had less BEB than `Celebrate 2', `V-14 Glory', or `Supjibi'. BEB symptoms increased with time during postproduction. Number of bracts with BEB spots on `V-14 Glory' at boxing, unboxing, 7 and 14 days were 1, 3, 6, and 10, respectively. Weekly Ca sprays (400 ppm at start of color) reduced or prevented BEB in the greenhouse at all locations where BEB developed and reduced the development in BEB during postproduction. BEB increased with fertilizer level and was higher in plants with elevated potassium or ammonium. These effects were reversed by Ca sprays. BEB was increased by boxing wet plants or inoculating plants with Botrytis. BEB was reduced by boxing dry plants, fungicide treatment, or terminating fertilization. BEB symptoms for different cultivars will be presented.
Utilization of MSW for Nursery Container Stock Production
Authors: Swanson Bert T. , Calkins James B.
Published: January 2019

Five composted Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) (garbage) products and a composted manure were evaluated as container growing media components on eight woody and herbaceous plants. Plant growth response to the different composts and to the quality of compost used was species-specific. Media UM Manure 100 provided the greatest increase in plant height across all species during the first year. However, only one species, V. lentaga, actually ranked number one in UM Manure 100. J.h. `Blue Chip' and A. tuberosa both grew the tallest in Control I. The remaining five species grew tallest in five different media. Therefore, several amended media can provide increased plant height for specific species; however, the top three media for plant height across all species were: #1 UM Manure 100, #2 Prairieland 50, and #3 Pennington 50. Plant height was the lowest in Recomp 100 media. Pennington 50 provided the greatest increase in plant volume. Media producing the highest plant dry weights across all species were: #1 Prairieland 50, #2 Pennington 50 and #3 UM Manure 50. Plants grown in Recomp 100 had the lowest plant dry weight. Media physical properties such as media drainage and aeration were affected by amendment quality and quantity.
Freezing Tolerance of Citrus Hybrids USDA 17-11 and USDA 119 Compared to `Hamlin' Orange and Satsuma Mandarin
Authors: Tignor Milton E. , Davies Frederick S. , Sherman Wayne B.
Published: January 2019

Citrus hybrids USDA 17-11 [Citrus grandis L. × (C. paradisi Macf. `Duncan' × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. `Gotha Road')] and 119 [(C. paradisi Macf. `Duncan' × P. trifoliata (L.) Raf. `Gotha Road') × C. sinensis (L.) Osb. `Succory'], `Hamlin' orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osb.], and satsuma mandarin (C. unshiu Marc.) were planted March 1993 and 1994. Trees were irrigated and fertilized in an identical manner. In 1993, electrolyte leakage readings were taken monthly using 17-11, 119, and satsuma leaf discs. Leaf killing point (LKP) LT50 averaged from –8 to – 9C by mid-November for all selections. In 1994, leaf discs from 17-11, 119, and `Hamlin' orange were sampled weekly to determine LKP. USDA 119 had the lowest LKP and acclimated the fastest during the fall. By the end of November, there was no significant difference in LKP (–6.5C) between USDA 119 and 17-11, although both selections were significantly more freeze-tolerant than `Hamlin' orange (LKP–40C), which showed no significant decrease in LKP until the 6 weeks after the hybrid selections began acclimating. Citrus hybrids 17-11 and 119 can survive in freeze-susceptible areas that are marginal for other commercial citrus.
Effects of Three Organic Residues on Growth of Woody Ornamental Plants Produced in Containers
Authors: Bouden Mondher , Rioux Jacques-Andre , Duchesne Isabelle
Published: January 2019

Three ornamental species (Spiraea japonica `Little Princess', Physocarpus opulifolius `Nanus', and Prunus × cistena) were potted in seven different substrates. The control substrate contained peatmoss, composted conifer bark, and fine crushed gravel (5:4:1, by volume). In the other six substrates, peatmoss was partially or completely substituted by different proportions of three organic residues (10% or 50% of the mixture made up of fresh bio-filters, 5% or 10% in composted sewage sludges, and 10% or 40% in composted deinking sludges). Four fertilization regimes (0, 200, 400, and 600 mg N/liter in the form of soluble fertilizer 20–20–20) were applied weekly onto containers. The experimental design was a split-plot with six replications. Physical and chemical analysis of the organic residues proved that the composted sewage sludges were richer in minerals than the other residues. Moreover, fresh bio-filters and composted deinking sludges were less granular than composted sewage sludges. The 10% proportion of each organic residue, combined with the other materials, was the most-adequate proportion and did not reduce the growth of plants (height, aerial and root dry matter). In addition, a dose of 400 mg·liter–1 generally gave good results, especially for fresh bio-filters and for composted sewage sludges. However, it is preferable to use a higher dose (600 mg·liter–1 if composted deinking sludges are used.
Inheritance of Dwarfness in Hybrids of Chinotto Sour Orange
Authors: Bowman Kim D. , Gmitter Frederick G.
Published: January 2019

Chinotto is a selection of sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) with short internodes and small leaves and fruit. Mature fruiting trees of Chinotto grafted on standard rootstocks produce healthy, but dwarf, trees. Most seedlings recovered from Chinotto fruit are of nucellar (maternal) origin and will faithfully grow to reproduce the Chinotto genotype and phenotype. Vigorous greenhouse-grown nucellar seedlings of Chinotto have internodes 5 to 10 mm in length and leaves 30 to 40 mm in length, about 30% the dimensions of the corresponding organs on standard sour orange nucellar seedlings. Sexual hybrids with Chinotto have been produced by controlled crosses with several other parents. Some hybrids with shortened internodes and small leaves were recovered among all hybrid progenies, regardless of whether Chinotto was used as seed or pollen parent. In some cases, segregation among Chinotto hybrids was about 1 normal: 1 dwarf. In other progenies, some intermediate forms were recovered along with normal and dwarf plants.
Blackberry Cultivars Differ in Susceptibility to Rosette Disease
Authors: Buckley Blair , Moore James N. , Clark John R.
Published: January 2019

Rosette, incited by Cercosporella rubi (G. Wint.) Plakidas, is the most severe disease of blackberries in the southern United States. Sixteen blackberry cultivars and breeding selections were evaluated in a field test over a 3-year period for incidence and severity of rosette. Test plots were planted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. A plot consisted of a 3-m hedgerow of blackberry canes. Each test plot row was bordered on each side by a row of the rosette-susceptible cultivar Shawnee. Disease ratings were conducted on five random floricanes in each plot. Disease severity was rated with a 1 to 8 scale (1 = 0% floricane nodes with rosettes, 2 = 0% to 10%, 3 = 10% to 25%, 4 = 25% to 50%, 5 =50% to 75%, 6 = 75% to 90%, 7 = 90% to 100%, 8 = 100%). `Shawnee' and `Rosborough' had high incidence and severity. Cultivars and selections with moderate-high incidence and low-moderate severity were `Brazos', `Cheyenne', `Choctaw', A-1260, A-1442, A-1560, and A-1585. Cultivars and selections with zero-low incidence and severity were `Arapaho', `Humble', `Navaho', A-1374, A-1594, A-1616, and A-1617.
Crop Coefficient Use as a Criterion to Irrigate to Save Water on Grapevines
Authors: Robles-Contreras Fabian , Fimbres-Fontes Adan , Lopez-Carvajal Arturo
Published: January 2019

Grapes are the most extensively grown crop in the agricultural area of Caborca, Sonora, Mexico (14,000 ha), and water availability is the main limitation of the crop production system. Commonly, grapevines are irrigated with 150–200 cm of water/year. Therefore, it is important to make efficient use of this resource. To demonstrate that the crop criterion (CC) to irrigate is adequate to decrease the water-use efficient, the growers criteria was compared with CC during 1990 and 1991 in a commercial plot of `Thompson Seedless' grapes for wine production grown in a drip-irrigated system. The CC used was: 7.5%, 15.0%, 52.0%, 80.0%, 30.0%, and 7.5% at budbreak state (0–20 days), shoot elongation (21–40 days), fruit set (41–60 days), first harvest (61 days to harvest), during harvest (until 130 days), and postharvest (130–240 days), respectively. Our results indicate that water consumption using CC is 90 cm/year vs. 147–187 cm/year with growers criteria, the use of which did not affect yield.
Plant Growth Stage for Geranium Inoculation with Vesicular–Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (VAM) Fungi
Authors: Parent Susan
Published: January 2019

The most appropriate time for VAM inoculation has been assumed to be the early stages of plant growth, and this study aimed to investigate the impact of VAM inoculation at the seedling and at the 10-week geranium plant stage. Seeds were planted in propagation plug trays (200) filled with four different seed-germinating substrates: half were inoculated with Glomus intraradices while the other half were noninoculated controls. Two types of media received inoculum or not (control); they consisted of sphagnum peat with perlite in one case and vermiculite in the other. After 10 weeks growth, the root systems were checked for colonization, and height, weight, and leaf number were registered. The subsequent growth was carried out in 4-inch azalea pots with the appropriate medium. The pre-in-oculated plants were transferred in Mycori-Mix, and the controls were transferred in Pro-Mix. All plants received mild liquid fertilization at each irrigation time (20N–2P–20K). The number of cuttings and flowers were monitored 6 weeks after beginning of pot growth. The pots were displayed in a complete factorial block with six replicates per treatment, and 10 plants were used for each experimental unit. Significant differences did occur between plants initiated in the different germinating substrates; when pre-inoculated, 12.5 cuttings and 7 flowers were recorded in comparison to 9.8 and 3.9, respectively, for controls. These results reflect the importance of introducing VAM at the earliest growth stage.
Analysis of the Major Elements in Orange Leaves Using NIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Hutton R.J. , Blakeney A.B. , Batten G.D. , Welsh L.A.
Published: January 2019

Fertilizers are an essential input for sustained high yields and quality of orange fruit. Monitoring leaf nutrient levels is desirable and procedures for using leaf analysis to make fertilizer recommendations are well established. Wider adoption of leaf analysis would result if more-convenient sampling and analytical techniques were available. Analysis using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIR) offers many advantages, including accuracy, low cost, and short turnaround time, which should appeal to citrus producers. NIR analysis is currently being used to decide the appropriate fertilizer applications for local cereal producers. Samples were collected from a cross-section (7%) of the orange-producing farms in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area (MIA) of New South Wales (lat.35, long.146). This semi-arid, winter-dominant rainfall region is a major citrus-producing area in Australia. Samples comprised the 2nd and 3rd fully expanded leaves from non-fruiting 4-month-old flush shoots of sweet orange trees `Late Valencia' on P. trifoliata rootstock. The microwave-dried and ground samples were analyzed by the traditional techniques, and the samples were then used to develop and verify calibrations for N, P, and K. These calibrations determine nutrients in leaves with error (SEP) values that are close to the errors associated with traditional methods.
The Effect of Pollens of Five Different Male-palm Trees on the Physical Characteristics of Jiroft Mazafati Date C.V.
Authors: Talaie A. , Panahi B.
Published: January 2019

The type of pollens of the date palm trees could affect on the outward and physical characteristics of date fruits, so far to determine its qualitative and quantitative aspects (15). Therefore careful selection of proper pollen for pollination of the date palms is considered of high importance. This research work was conducted to select the best pollinizers and to study the effects of pollens of five varieties of male trees, from Shahdad area, on the outward and physical characteristics of `Jiroft Mazafati'. For analyzing the results of this experiment, a completely randomized block statistical project was implemented for a period of 2 years from 1991 to 1993. The site of this experiment was in Jiroft area in Kerman Province. In this experiment, after pollination samples of fruit were collected during unripe (Kharak), ripe, and dry fruit stages and required information were recorded. Fruit length and diameter, seed length and diameter, weight of fruit, weight of seed, pulp weight, ration of fruit pulp to seed, ratio of fruit length to diameter, volume of fruit, weight of one full cluster of fruits, and finally the time of ripening were measured. Statistical calculations, analysis of compound variations and evaluation of treatments by Duncan's test indicate that different treatments of pollens will have no effect from statistical point of view on the ratio of fruit pulp to seed and the ratio of fruit length to diameter, and there are no significant differences. But there are significant effects on the other outward and physical characteristics of the fruit, and the differences from statistical point of view are considerable. The type of pollens are effective on the ripening time of the fruit and this difference ranges from 15 to 25 days for different treatments, which is important from early ripening point of view of the product.
Cumulative Light Effects on Growth and Flowering of Tomato Seedlings
Authors: McAvoy R.J. , Janes H.W.
Published: January 2019

Tomato seedlings (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Laura) were grown in an environmental chamber. In two separate experiments, plant growth from emergence to anthesis was divided into three equivalent segments based on either the actual number of days or the stage of plant development. In both experiments, plants were exposed to a high PPF (300 μmol·s-1·m-2)2) treatment (H) for one segment and a lower PPF (150 μmol· s-1·m-2) treatment (L), for the other two segments, resulting in three light treatment combinations (i.e., HLL, LHL, and LLH). Total dry weight and dry weight per unit of leaf area increased significantly in response to high PPF during all three treatment periods. Final plant weights and plant heights differed significantly between treatments, resulting in distinct plant growth characteristics. Plants from the HLL treatment began to flower 1 day before the LHL treatment and 2 days before the LLH treatment. The HLL plants initiated fewer leaves before initiation of the floral axis than the LHL and LLH plants. The light environment following the initial segment of seedling development most influenced final truss position at anthesis.
Apple Thinning by Photosynthetic Inhibition
Authors: Byers R.E. , Barden J.A. , Polomski R.F. , Young R.W. , Carbaugh D.H.
Published: January 2019

Shading (92%) of `Redchief Delicious' apple (Malus domestics Borkh.) trees for 10-day periods from 10 to 20, 15 to 25, 20 to 30, and 25 to 35 days after full bloom (DAFB) caused greater fruit abscission than shading from 5 to 15, 30 to 40, 35 to 45, or 47 to 57 DAFB. Fruit 8 to 33 mm in diameter (10 to 30 DAFB) were very sensitive to 10 days of shade, even though fruit sizes of 6 to 12 mm are considered the most sensitive to chemical thinners. In a second test, shading for 3 days caused fruit thinning; 5 days of shade in the periods 18 to 23, 23 to 28, and 28 to 33 DAFB caused greater thinning than 11 to 16 or 33 to 38 DAFB. Shading reduced photosynthesis (Pn) to about one-third that of noncovered trees. Terbacil (50 mg·liter-1) + X-77 surfactant (1250 mg·liter-1) applied with a hand-pump sprayer 5, 10, or 15 DAFB greatly reduced fruit set and caused some leaf yellowing, particularly in the earliest treatments. Terbacil reduced Pn by more than 90% at 72 hours after application. Shoot growth of trees defruited by shade or terbacil was equivalent to defruited or deblossomed trees; ethephon (1500 mg·liter-1) inhibited tree growth and defruited trees. No terbacil residues were dectected in fruit at harvest from applications made 5, 15, 20, 25, or 30 DAFB. Eleven of 12 photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides were also found to thin `Redchief Delicious' apple trees. Shading caused more thinning than terbacil at the later applications, which may reflect poorer absorption and/or lesser photosynthetic inhibition than when terbacil was applied to older leaves.
Storage Humidity Influences Fruit Quality and Permeability to Ethane in `McIntosh' Apples Stored in Diverse Controlled Atmospheres
Authors: Lidster P.D.
Published: January 2019

Storage of `McIntosh' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) in high humidity (94% to 100% RH) or in 0.5% CO2 plus 1.0% O2 at 3C (LO) atmospheres decreased resistance to ethane diffusion relative to fruit stored in low humidity (75% RH) or in 5.0% CO2 plus 3.0% O2 at 3C (SCA), respectively. Loss of fruit firmness of SCA- or LO-stored `McIntosh' apples, determined immediately after storage or after 7 days at 20C, decreased with increased storage humidity in each of three crop years. Storage humidity did not significantly affect (P = 0.05) fruit titratable acids or soluble solids contents. High storage humidity (96% to 100% RH) generally increased the incidence of senescent disorders (consisting of senescent breakdown and senile brown core) in SCA-stored fruit, while humidities of 92% to 100% RH decreased the incidence of low-O2 injuries (epidermal bluing and cortical browning) in LO-stored fruit. Senescent disorders were found in SCA-stored fruit, but not in LO-stored fruit. The incidence of decay was not significantly affected by either storage humidity or atmosphere.
Plasma Membrane from Muskmelon Leaves: Purification and Lipid Composition during Growth at 15 or 30C
Authors: Lester Gene
Published: January 2019

Using an aqueous polymer two-phase [polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3400/dextran T500, 6.2%: 6.2%, w/w] partitioning procedure combined with isopycnic fractionation, plasma membranes derived from muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulates Naud.) leaf blades have been isolated and examined for marker enzyme activity, density, and molecular composition. After aqueous polymer partitioning, plasma membranes were centrifuged on a linear sucrose density gradient, and a single band was found at the 31% (w/w) sucrose (1.13 g-cm-3). Identification of plasma membranes was performed by the combination of K+-stimulated ATPase, pH 6.5, vanadate inhibition of ATPase and KNO3-insensitive ATPase activity. Plasma membranes from seedling leaves grown for 5 days at 15C had the highest concentration of total phospholipids, the lowest concentration of proteins, and a total sterol concentration not significantly different from leaves grown at 30C. The total sterol to total phospholipid ratio of the plasma membrane from leaves grown for 5 days at 15C was ≈1:1; from leaves grown for 10 days at 15C or 5 days at 30C the ratio was ≈2:1; and from leaves grown for 10 days at 30C the ratio was ≈3:1. The plasma membrane phospholipid saturated to unsaturated fatty acid ratio from leaves grown for 5 days at 15C was ≈0.8:1.0; from leaves grown for 10 days at 15C or 5 days at 30C the ratio was ≈1.0:1.0; and from leaves grown for 10 days at 30C it was 1.4:1.0.
Relationship of Photosynthesis and Harvest Index to Sweet Potato Yield
Authors: Bhagsari Ajmer S. , Ashley Doyle A.
Published: January 2019

Field experiments with 15 sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.)] genotypes were conducted to study the physiological basis of yield in 1981 and 1982. The leaf area index differed significantly among the sweet potato genotypes during early and late phases of growth, hut showed an inconsistent relationship with yield. Single leaf net photosynthesis ranged from 0.74 to 1.12 mg CO2/m' per sec. Canopy photosynthesis for sweet potato genotypes differed significantly in 1981, but not in 1982. It ranged from 0.81 to 1.16 mg CO2/m2 per sec in Aug. 1981. and from 0.63 to 0.88 mg CO2/m2 per sec in 1982. Four hours after “C-labeling, 14C-assimilate translocation from the treated leaf ranged from 21% to 46%, but did not differ significantly among the genotypes. At final harvest, harvest index [HI, defined as (storage root yield/total biological yield) × 100] of the genotypes varied from 43% to 77% and 31% to 75% for 1981 and 1982, respectively. Canopy photosynthesis during September was significantly correlated with storage root dry matter yield (r = 0.54*) in 1981 and with phytomass (above-ground biomass plus storage roots) (r = 0.60*) in 1982. Both phytomass and HI were significantly correlated with storage root matter yield. Canopy photosynthetic evaluation of sweet potato germplasm may be-more relevant when the storage root sinks are at an advanced stage of development. Our study suggests that yield is poorly predicted by Pn, particularly when the genotypes have different leaf sizes.
Coinoculation Effects of the Pathogens Causing Common Bacterial Blight, Rust, and Bean Common Mosaic in Phaseolus vulgaris
Authors: Zaiter H.Z. , Coyne D.P. , Steadman J.R.
Published: January 2019

Ten dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars/lines with differential reactions to rust were used in growth chamber experiments to determine rust [Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.) Unger var. appendiculutus, (U a)], and common bacterial blight Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (E.F. Sm.) Dews. (X c p)] reactions on leaves when coinoculated with both pathogens. The X c p-U a necrosis symptoms were very different from those caused by X c p alone. Depending on the level of host susceptibility to rust, the X c p reaction remained confined within the rust pustule or spread beyond the pustule area, causing a necrosis of the entire leaf. Prior infection of bean seedlings with bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), NY-15 strain, reduced rust pustule size, but did not affect the reaction to X c p. Screening with X c p and BCMV can be done at the same time during the early vegetative stage, but the interactions of U a with X c p and of BCMV with U a need to be considered in screening for resistance.
Thinning Activity of Benzyladenine on Several Apple Cultivars
Authors: Greene Duane W. , Autio Wesley R. , Miller Paul
Published: January 2019

Postbloom sprays of BA thinned `McIntosh', `Delicious', `Golden Delicious', `Mutsu, `Empire', and `Abas' apples. BA at 75 to 100 mg·liter-1 was equal to NAA at 6 to 7.5 mg·liter-1 or carbaryl at 600 to 800 mg·liter-1. BA increased fruit size, flesh firmness, and soluble solids concentration (SSC) on all cultivars evaluated. Since BA is applied during the time when cell division is occurring, it is concluded that the increased fruit size and flesh firmness were due to Increased cell numbers. Increased SSC was not due solely to increased leaf: fruit ratio. Thinning with BA was additive with other chemical thinners and no interactions were found on fruit abscission. In most eases, BA increased return bloom. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)1H-purine-6-amine [benzyladenine (BA)]; 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); 1-naphthalenyl methylcarbamate (carbaryl); butanedioic acid mono(2,2dimethylhydrazide (daminozide); (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon).
Stomatal Function and Cuticular Conductance in Whole Tissue-cultured Apple Shoots
Authors: Shackel K.A. , Novello V. , Sutter E.G.
Published: January 2019

The relative contribution of stomatal and cuticular conductance to transpiration from whole tissue-cultured apple shoots of Malus pumila Mill. M.26 was determined with a modified steady state porometer. When shoots were exposed to 90% RH and high boundary layer conductance, large (73%) and, in some eases, rapid (2 to 3 hours) reductions in leaf conductance occurred, indicating functional stomata. Stomatal closure was also observed microscopically. A maximum estimate for the cuticular conductance of these apple leaves was 18 to 40 mmol·m-2·s-1, which is lower than previous estimates and close to the upper limit of naturally occurring leaf cuticular conductances. Hence, both stomatal and cuticular restrictions of water loss appear to be of importance in determining the water balance of tissue-cultured apple loots. The pathway of water transport in relation to water stress of tissue-cultured shoots is also discussed.
Limitations of Photosynthesis in Lolium perenne after Chilling
Authors: Moon J.W. , Kopec D.M. , Fallahi E. , Macino C.F. , Slack D.C. , Jordan K.
Published: January 2019

Photosynthesis was reduced by 85% to 90% in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Derby) following a one-day chilling exposure at 8C day (450 μmol·s-1·m-2 PPF) and 5C night. Seven days of recovery at 22/17C day/night were required for full recovery of photosynthesis. More than 75% of the limitation in photosynthesis following chilling was due to non-stomatal factors, and reduced initial slopes of CO2 assimilation vs. intercellular CO, indicate that photosynthetic capacity was reduced for 5 days following chilling. Carbon dioxide assimilation at saturating intercellular CO2 (>500 μmol·mol-l) was also reduced by chilling, indicating again that stomatal limitations were a minor contributor to the photosynthetic reduction observed under ambient CO2.
Combining Ability Analysis of Yield and Its Components in Cacao
Authors: Tan Geok Yong
Published: January 2019

Six Trinitario females of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) were crossed with nine Amazonian males in a factorial crossing design. The 54 hybrid progenies were used to estimate genetic variability due to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for yield, pod production, pod weight, husk content, number of beans per pod, average bean weight, and pod value. The results demonstrated that GCA differed significantly for all characteristics from all three sources (Le., female + male, female, and male). SCA (female × male) was also significantly different for all characteristics. The ratio of GCA to SCA ranged from 7.1 for number of beans per pod to 25.7 for pod weight. This result suggested that a major portion of the genetic variability was additive in nature for these characteristics. Among the six Trinitarios, KA2-106 was the best female parent; it contributed high yield and all the desirable pod and bean characteristics into the hybrid progenies. Trinitario KA2-101 combined high pod production and yield, but tended to transmit below-average pod and bean characteristics to its progenies. Amazonians KEE6 and KEE12 were the two highest-yielding male parents, but had below-average bean number per pod and average bean weight. KEE42 and KEE43 combined high yield and transmitted good pod and bean characteristics to their progenies. Based on the GCA effects and the mean performance of the hybrid progenies, a multi-line cultivar consisting of 20 high-yielding crosses with good pod and bean characteristics is being produced in seed gardens for commercial planting.
Interactions of CO2 Enrichment and Temperature on Carbohydrate Production and Accumulation in Muskmelon Leaves
Authors: Acock B. , Acock M.C. , Pasternak D.
Published: January 2019

We examined how temperature and stage of vegetative growth affect carbohydrate production and accumulation in Cucumis melo L. `Haogen' grown at various CO2 concentrations ([CO2]). Carbohydrate production was measured by net assimilation rate either on a leaf-area basis (NARa) or a leaf dry-weight basis (NARw); carbohydrate accumulation was measured by leaf starch plus sugar content. Twenty-four- and 35-day-old muskmelon plants were grown for 11 days in artificially lighted cabinets at day/night temperatures of 20/20 or 40/20C and at [CO2] of 300 or 1500 μl·liter-1. NARa and NARw both increased with increasing [CO2], but the CO2 effect was smaller at low temperature, especially for plants at the later stage of vegetative growth. NARw was a better indicator of total dry-weight gain than was NARa. Both suboptimal temperatures and CO2 enrichment caused carbohydrates to accumulate in the leaves at both stages of vegetative growth. NARw was correlated negatively with leaf starch plus sugar content. The rate of decrease in NARw with increasing leaf starch plus sugar content was significantly greater for CO2-enriched plants. Leaf starch plus sugar content >0.03 to 0.04 kg·kg-1 of leaf residual dry weight at the end of a dark period may indicate that temperature is suboptimal for growth. Plants grown at the same temperature had higher leaf starch plus sugar content if they were CO2-enriched than if grown in ambient [CO2], suggesting that an optimal temperature for growth in ambient [CO2] may be suboptimal in elevated [CO2].
Relationships Between the Yield and Vegetative Characteristics of Individual Shoots of `Cabernet Sauvignon' Grapevines
Authors: Bowen P.A. , Kliewer W.M.
Published: January 2019

Two-dimensional partitioning of variation was used to determine the sources of relationships between the yield and vegetative characteristics of three `Cabernet Sauvignon' grape (Vitis vinifera L.) clones. Clonal differences were found in shoot growth rate, but not in duration or total growth. A weak positive relationship between total shoot growth and yield resulted from a positive relationship between fruit set and growth duration. Relationships between cluster number and foliar characteristics indicated that light exposure in the previous year may have influenced both vegetative and reproductive development. The mean number of clusters per bud was positively related to the mean area, dry weight, and nitrogen content of leaves.