bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chicão e Coqueiro Macho: : (sub)vertendo as masculinidades
Authors: Dias Adriana Albert
Published: October 2024

O artigo destina-se a refletir sobre o processo de construção do gênero, através da análise de notícias de jornais, produções médicas e criminologistas, tendo como ponto de partida os codinomes masculinizados de duas mulheres dos segmentos populares. Concentrando-se no período entre 1910 e 1935, o texto procura demonstrar que diversos elementos associados às masculinidades não pertenciam apenas aos homens, mas podiam ser partilhados por mulheres. As masculinidades de Chicão e Coqueiro Macho não estavam restritas aos seus apelidos, mas se estendiam aos comportamentos considerados valentes, insubmissos e violentos. Tais modos de agir podiam ser fruto de suas escolhas, relacionadas ou não a suas sexualidades e desejos, e sem dúvida eram fundamentais no enfrentamento dos desafios cotidianos de mulheres afrodescendentes e pobres no mundo desigual de Salvador do começo do século XX.
O Morgado de Marapicú e a administração de Inácio de Andrade Souto Maior Rondon
Authors: Machado Rubens
Published: October 2024

O artigo propõe discutir a formação do Morgado de Marapicú no final do setecentos, focalizando na administração do complexo agrários nas freguesias de Nossa Senhora Santo Antônio de Jacutinga e Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Marapicú empreendido por Inácio de Andrade Souto Maior Rondon, tendo por pano de fundo a sua atuação militar e a rede de sociabilidade tecida por si entre a comunidade agrária dentro e fora da província do Rio de Janeiro.
Der Verkauf von Kundendaten im Asset Deal: Das Ende der Widerspruchslösung? — Die aufsichtsbehördlichen Lösungsansätze nach dem DSK-Beschluss vom 11.9.2024
Authors: Plath Kai-Uwe , Struck Matthias A. , Hazeborg Enno ter
Published: October 2024

Die Konferenz der unabhängigen Datenschutzaufsichtsbehörden des Bundes und der Länder (DSK) hatte am 24.5.2019 einen vielbeachten Beschluss zur Übertragung von Kundendaten im Asset Deal veröffentlicht, der seither die Unternehmenspraxis geprägt hat. Am 11.9.2024 hat die DSK nun einen neuen Beschluss verfasst, der den bisherigen Beschluss „ersetzt“, um - so die DSK - „den betroffenen Unternehmen einen klaren Handlungsrahmen zu bieten“. Dieses Ziel dürfte die DSK verfehlt haben. Denn es steht zu befürchten, dass die DSK die von ihr selbst etablierte und seither bewährte „Widerspruchslösung“ klammheimlich wieder einkassiert hat, freilich ohne dies entsprechend zu artikulieren.
Gesetzesentwurf zum strafrechtlichen Schutz von Persönlichkeitsrechten vor Deepfakes — Oder: Von der Notwendigkeit, keine Gesetze zu erlassen
Authors: Vassilaki Irini
Published: October 2024

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Entwurf für eine neue Strafnorm, die den missbräuchlichen Einsatz von Deepfakes, die die Persönlichkeit verletzen, unter Strafe stellt. Nach kurzer Einführung (I.) wird gezeigt, dass keine Notwendigkeit für die Einführung einer neuen Strafnorm vorhanden ist (II.), da schon de lege lata solche rechtwidrigen Handlungen bestraft werden können. Zudem wird der konkrete Zuschnitt der angedachten Strafnorm kritisiert (III.), weil die Beschränkung nur auf einen Teil des Missbrauchs von gefälschten Deepfakes nicht nachzuvollziehen und die Ausgestaltung als Auffangtatbestand für alle Eingriffe ins Persönlichkeitsrecht verfassungsrechtlich mehr als bedenklich ist.
Influence Of Principals’ Supportive Leadership Style On Tutors’ Support For Implementation Of Performance Appraisal Of Tutors In Public Primary Teachers Training Colleges In Kenya
Authors: Kavita Mwania Johnson , Okoth Ursulla A. , Kalai Jeremiah M.
Published: October 2024

The study objectives sought; to establish the influence of principals’ supportive leadership style on tutors’ support for implementation of performance appraisal in public primary teachers training colleges in Kenya. The study employed descriptive research design. The target population comprised of 840 tutors and 21 principals drawn from the 21 public teachers training colleges in Kenya as of 2021. Stratified proportionate random sampling was used to select 271 tutors in teachers’ training colleges in Kenya. Census was used to select all the 21 principals of training colleges in Kenya. Primary data were collected using questionnaire for tutors and interview guide for the 21 Principals. The study findings demonstrated that supportive leadership style of principals showed a significant positive effect on tutors' support for performance appraisal (β = 0.386, p < 0.001). The study concluded that principals' leadership styles supportive is critical determinants in enhancing tutors' engagement and commitment to the appraisal process. There is need for the college management to provide the necessary teaching and training materials to support the effective implementation of performance appraisal programmes. There is also need for tutors to present their past output so that it can inform supportive principal what is necessary for a better working environment. The study also recommends that the MoE, alongside college management, prioritize the creation of policies that promote a supportive and safe working environment. This could include mentorship programs for tutors, flexible scheduling, and recognition and reward systems to acknowledge tutors’ professional growth and accomplishments
The Charm of Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory: A Study on Reasons Why It Always Has New Interpretations in Different Times
Authors: Shiyu Liu
Published: October 2024

The psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud is one of the most important and long-lasting influential theory in the literary field. Not only Freud himself contributed to literary research, but also his successive researchers refreshed literary criticism through giving it new interpretations. This essay will show reasons why Freud’s psychoanalytic theory has so many potentials to refresh itself repeatedly, which contain its comprehensive content, wild usage and high flexibility and concludes that there is still space for this theory to be prosperous again, by combining with sociology, narratology, and Marxism.
A Inclusão No Ensino De Matemática: Uma Revisão Bibliográfica Das Evidências E Práticas
Authors: Fernandes Vera Maria Jarcovis , Canno Luís Carlos , Mendonça Deiverson Iamute , Mesquita Veronica Andrade
Published: October 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a inclusão escolar no ensino de matemática, analisando as evidências e práticas atuais frente a este cenário. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica para identificar e analisar materiais teóricos que fundamentam a inclusão na educação matemática, avaliando estudos e fontes relevantes sobre as bases e práticas inclusivas no ensino da matemática. Os resultados destacam os desafios enfrentados pelos educadores e as estratégias utilizadas para garantir o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem matemática. Além disso, o artigo sistematiza as tendências e inovações no campo da inclusão matemática e oferece uma visão crítica das abordagens utilizadas para atender às necessidades diversificadas dos alunos. A revisão aborda três aspectos principais: as evidências da inclusão no ensino de matemática, o impacto dessas práticas no aprendizado dos alunos, e as tendências atuais e inovações no campo
A Crise Pandêmica Sob A Ótica De Edgar Morin The Pandemic Crisis From The Perspective Of Edgar Morin
Authors: Figueredo Geneci Libarino , Neves Luelta Dos Santos Cardoso , Figueiredo Renato Pereira De , Ferreira Verena Santos Andrade
Published: October 2024

É hora de mudarmos de via: as lições do Coronavírus, publicado em 2020, no período pandêmico recente, é mais um livro de Edgar Morin. Traz valiosas reflexões acerca do nosso estar no mundo. A obra nos convida a pensar sobre os impactos da ocupação humana sob o viés ocidental. Através da ótica do pensamento complexo moriniana são tecidas importantes considerações envolvendo fatos históricos do século XX e XXI, lições que podem ser extraídas da pandemia e dos desafios sociais, políticos e econômicos, intensificados pela crise sanitária. Na obra estão evidenciadas diferentes problemáticas da humanidade bem como possibilidades e esperanças para um futuro melhor. Defende que a humanidade precisa ser regenerada por meio do humanismo. A obra, estruturada em seis partes, preâmbulo, introdução, três capítulos e mais a conclusão, nos permite pensar o passado, narrado por meio da ótica cuidadosa do autor, o presente e o futuro incerto
Effectiveness Of Teacher Performance Appraisal And Development On Students’ Academic Achievements In Public Secondary Schools In Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya
Authors: Jemutai Kiprop Emmily , Alice Dr.Limo , Joshua Dr.Keter
Published: October 2024

The quality of education has been declining in Kenya national examinations which made the Teachers Service Commission to come up with an accountability tool for the teachers which led to introduction of teacher performance appraisal and development (TPAD).This study was aimed at examining the effectiveness of TPAD on students’ academic achievement in public secondary schools in Elgeyo Marakwet County. The study specifically intended to analyze the effectiveness of teacher lesson observation planning on student academic achievements students’ academic achievements. The study was informed by goal-setting theory by Okumbe, (2000). The study adopted mixed methods research design and used a mixed method approach in collecting and analyzing data. The study utilized a sample of 40 principals, 153 teachers, and 384 students drawn from four constituencies in Elgeyo Marakwet County. Stratified sampling was used to categorize schools into National, Extra County, County and Sub-County schools. Simple random sampling was used to select teachers and students from sampled schools while purposive sampling was used to select the national schools and principals from the selected schools. A structured questionnaire was used on teachers and students on a likert scale and an unstructured interview guide was administered to the principals. The two instruments were validated by expert researchers in the department of educational management and policy studies at the University of Eldoret. Descriptive statistics were made up of frequencies, percentages; means and standard deviation which were calculated and presented in tables and figures, and inferential statistics involving Pearson Correlation and Regression coefficients were calculated to test the research hypotheses. The study findings on lesson observation and students’ academic achievements indicated that there is a positive weak correlation between lesson observation frequency/intensity and student academic achievements. A coefficient of 0.243 indicates that when lesson observation increases, there is a tendency for student academic achievement to improve, albeit not very strongly. The research findings will benefit the TSC in seeking for the best way of aligning TPAD practices to students’ academic achievements. MOE, policy makers and teachers will be able to get the best out of the TPAD and assist in making future decisions pertaining to the education sector. The research study recommended regular awareness of TPAD practices in order to get the best out of these exercises
Translation And Politics- An Analysis Of Zhu Guangqian’s Aesthetic Translation Thoughts After 1949
Authors: Binyan Xiang
Published: October 2024

As a kind of discourse right, translation is an effective way of self-shaping, improvement and re-creation of social ideology and ideological culture, as well as a kind of political act. In the history of Chinese aesthetic translation, Zhu Guangqian played an extremely important role. Two distinctly different stages can be used here to divide his aesthetic research and translation practice: translation for academic service before the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and translation for political service after the founding of PRC. After 1949, Zhu Guangqian’s translation practice was deeply influenced by the atmosphere of the times. Translation and politics were inseparable. This paper takes Zhu Guangqian’s academic career after 1949 as a case study, devoted to explore his aesthetic translation under political circumstances according to historical facts, including three aspects: the dramatic shift of aesthetic research and translation thoughts, the academic path of combining translation and research, and the aesthetic translation thoughts of unity in thought and language.
Análise Comparativa Das Parcerias UniversidadeIndústria: Um Estudo De Caso Entre A Ufam E A Ufmg
Authors: Miranda Nathalia Viana De , Silva Fernando Diniz Abreu , Ferreira Hugo Silva , Coelho Ewellyn Rhanna Caetano , Oliveira Kleberson De
Published: October 2024

Background: A relação entre universidades e empresas desempenha um papel crucial no desenvolvimento econômico e tecnológico. A cooperação entre essas instituições permite transformar o conhecimento acadêmico em inovações que podem ser aplicadas no setor produtivo, gerando valor social e econômico. No Brasil, os Núcleos de Inovação Tecnológica (NITs) são responsáveis por mediar essa interação, facilitando a transferência de tecnologia entre universidades e empresas. Materiais e Métodos: O estudo utilizou uma abordagem qualitativa, com base em entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com três representantes de NITs: um da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) e dois da Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM). As entrevistas foram complementadas por análise documental, incluindo relatórios institucionais e a legislação vigente sobre inovação. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo, identificando temas centrais como prospecção de tecnologias, avaliação de projetos e gestão da propriedade intelectual. Resultados: Os resultados indicam que, enquanto a UFMG adota uma estrutura mais flexível e ágil na gestão de suas parcerias com o setor produtivo, a UFAM enfrenta desafios burocráticos que dificultam a tramitação de projetos. Ambos os NITs desempenham um papel importante na prospecção de tecnologias e na gestão da propriedade intelectual, mas a Protec da UFAM precisa lidar com particularidades regionais, como a proteção do patrimônio genético e do conhecimento tradicional. Conclusão: Conclui-se que, embora ambas as instituições compartilhem o objetivo de promover a inovação por meio de parcerias com a indústria, a UFMG possui uma estrutura mais consolidada e eficiente na gestão de seus projetos. A UFAM, por sua vez, precisa superar barreiras burocráticas e adotar práticas mais ágeis para otimizar seus processos de inovação. A confiança e o compartilhamento de riscos são fatores críticos para o sucesso das parcerias, e o fortalecimento das práticas de transferência de tecnologia é essencial para o desenvolvimento econômico e tecnológico no Brasil.
Meio Ambiente E Sustentabilidade: A Importância Do Uso De Tecnologias Para O Desenvolvimento De Cidades Inteligentes E Sustentáveis
Authors: Nunes Kennya Rodrigues , Nascimento Maria Gabriela Do , Marchesini Renato , Covaleski Joani Paulus , Sousa Pedro Felipe Araújo Alves De
Published: October 2024

A presente pesquisa objetivou analisar a importância das tecnologias o desenvolvimento de cidades inteligentes e sustentáveis, com o objetivo de avaliar como essas inovações podem enfrentar os desafios urbanos contemporâneos e promover a sustentabilidade. A metodologia adotada foi uma pesquisa bibliográfica, utilizando bases de dados acadêmicas como Scopus, SciELO e Google Acadêmico, além de repositórios brasileiros, com uma análise crítica dos materiais coletados. Os resultados destacaram que tecnologias como Internet das Coisas (IoT), big data e inteligência artificial são cruciais para melhorar a eficiência dos serviços urbanos, reduzir o impacto ambiental e otimizar a gestão de recursos. Nesse contexto, tecnologias de gerenciamento de tráfego e monitoramento ambiental, ajudam a diminuir congestionamentos e poluição, enquanto sistemas de energia inteligente e construção sustentável promovem um ambiente urbano mais limpo e eficiente. No entanto, a pesquisa também revelou desafios significativos, como a necessidade de infraestrutura adequada, proteção da privacidade dos dados e desigualdades no acesso às tecnologias. Conclui-se que, embora as tecnologias ofereçam ferramentas valiosas para enfrentar desafios urbanos e promover a sustentabilidade, é essencial implementar políticas públicas eficazes e garantir uma distribuição equitativa dos benefícios para que as cidades inteligentes e sustentáveis possam alcançar seu pleno potencial
Como O Marketing Influencia O Discernimento De Utilidade E Inutilidade No Mercado
Authors: Pedroza Maria Luiza Maltezo , Verley Marileide De Oliveira , Gaspar Guilherme TadakiTazo
Published: October 2024

A função do Marketing é gerar valor para os consumidores e lucro para as empresas, esse processo é uma ação contínua com operações regulares que visa estruturar as atividades dentro do negócio, seja ele pequeno, médio ou de grande porte. Na atualidade há uma infinidade de tipos de marketing, independente qual seja o tipo, a finalidade é sempre mostrar o produto, suas vantagens e valores de forma simples e direta gerando interesse em consumir. Em busca de tentativas para adaptar-se às mudanças do mundo cada dia mais globalizado, consumista e competitivo, as empresas tendem a adotar medidas estratégicas para conquistar e fidelizar o cliente à sua marca, produto ou serviço. O conceito de útil de acordo com o dicionário é definido como aquilo que tem uso ou serventia, que satisfaz uma necessidade, porém ao assistir uma propaganda ou ler um anúncio no jornal são criadas formas de fazer com que o telespectador se torne um possível consumidor assíduo. Ao passar do tempo, conforme o avanço dos estudos sobre como a psicologia funciona é nítido que as ofertas estão sendo planejadas de acordo com o público alvo, usando palavras chaves, situações que possam causar nostalgia ou até mesmo sentimento de pertencimento, assim como acontece com o marketing do filme Barbie, onde é possível observar vários easter eggs que somente aquele delimitado grupo acompanhante da vida da personagem irá conseguir entender tal conjuntura por completo. Deste modo, se faz necessário entender como tais técnicas são usadas nesse discernimento e como conseguem influenciar as pessoas sobre o que realmente seja útil ou não. Através dessa pesquisa com um questionário, pretendemos entender as técnicas e estratégias de vendas e negociações utilizadas.
Improving Microseismic P Wave Source Location With Multiple Seismic Arrays
Authors: Ward Neale Jennifer , Harmon Nicholas , Srokosz Meric
Published: December 2017

Using array analysis, the direction and distance to a seismic P wave source can be determined. However, individual arrays are limited in their geographical coverage and by their resolving capability, which is determined by the array aperture, configuration, and number of stations. We demonstrate these limitations on three large seismic arrays located in Japan, Europe, and California, and find that all give a unique but imperfect insight into the P wave sources acting in the North Pacific. We then combine the data from all three arrays into one beamforming image. The combined images bring together the views offered by each array, providing a concise, comprehensive, and more robust representation of multiple source locations. Next we weight each array for distance in order to optimize the result. Being able to resolve and accurately locate source regions is an important step in being able to use seismic records to monitor ocean wave activity and track storms in real time.
Cirrus Cloud Optical Thickness and Effective Diameter Retrieved by MODIS: Impacts of Single Habit Assumption, 3‐D Radiative Effects, and Cloud Inhomogeneity
Authors: Zhou Yongbo , Sun Xuejin , Mielonen Tero , Li Haoran , Zhang Riwei , Li Yan , Zhang Chuanliang
Published: December 2017

For inhomogeneous cirrus clouds, cloud optical thickness (COT) and effective diameter (De) provided by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) Collection 6 cloud products are associated with errors due to the single habit assumption (SHA), independent pixel assumption (IPA), photon absorption effect (PAE), and plane‐parallel assumption (PPA). SHA means that every cirrus cloud is assumed to have the same shape habit of ice crystals. IPA errors are caused by three‐dimensional (3D) radiative effects. PPA and PAE errors are caused by cloud inhomogeneity. We proposed a method to single out these different errors. These errors were examined using the Spherical Harmonics Discrete Ordinate Method simulations done for the MODIS 0.86 μm and 2.13 μm bands. Four midlatitude and tropical cirrus cases were studied. For the COT retrieval, the impacts of SHA and IPA were especially large for optically thick cirrus cases. SHA errors in COT varied distinctly with scattering angles. For the De retrieval, SHA decreased De under most circumstances. PAE decreased De for optically thick cirrus cases. For the COT and De retrievals, the dominant error source was SHA for overhead sun whereas for oblique sun, it could be any of SHA, IPA, and PAE, varying with cirrus cases and sun‐satellite viewing geometries. On the domain average, the SHA errors in COT (De) were within −16.1%–42.6% (−38.7%–2.0%), whereas the 3‐D radiative effects‐ and cloud inhomogeneity‐induced errors in COT (De) were within −5.6%–19.6% (−2.9%–8.0%) and −2.6%–0% (−3.7%–9.8%), respectively.
The Role of Bed Roughness in Wave Transformation Across Sloping Rock Shore Platforms
Authors: Poate Tim , Masselink Gerd , Austin Martin J. , Dickson Mark , McCall Robert
Published: December 2017

We present for the first time observations and model simulations of wave transformation across sloping (Type A) rock shore platforms. Pressure measurements of the water surface elevation using up to 15 sensors across five rock platforms with contrasting roughness, gradient, and wave climate represent the most extensive collected, both in terms of the range of environmental conditions, and the temporal and spatial resolution. Platforms are shown to dissipate both incident and infragravity wave energy as skewness and asymmetry develop and, in line with previous studies, surf zone wave heights are saturated and strongly tidally modulated. Overall, the observed properties of the waves and formulations derived from sandy beaches do not highlight any systematic interplatform variation, in spite of significant differences in platform roughness, suggesting that friction can be neglected when studying short wave transformation. Optimization of a numerical wave transformation model shows that the wave breaker criterion falls between the range of values reported for flat sandy beaches and those of steep coral fore reefs. However, the optimized drag coefficient shows significant scatter for the roughest sites and an alternative empirical drag model, based on the platform roughness, does not improve model performance. Thus, model results indicate that the parameterization of frictional drag using the bottom roughness length‐scale may be inappropriate for the roughest platforms. Based on these results, we examine the balance of wave breaking to frictional dissipation for rock platforms and find that friction is only significant for very rough, flat platforms during small wave conditions outside the surf zone.
Dosimetric characterization of Elekta stereotactic cones
Authors: Borzov Egor , Nevelsky Alexander , Bar‐Deroma Raquel , Orion Itzhak
Published: December 2017

Purpose

Dosimetry of small fields defined by stereotactic cones remains a challenging task. In this work, we report the results of commissioning measurements for the new Elekta stereotactic conical collimator system attached to the Elekta VersaHD linac and present the comparison between the measured and Monte Carlo (MC) calculated data for the 6 MV FFF beam. In addition, relative output factor (ROF) dependence on the stereotactic cone aperture variation was studied and penumbra comparison for small MLC‐based and cone‐based fields was performed.

Methods

Cones with nominal diameters of 15 mm, 12.5 mm, 10 mm, 7.5 mm, and 5 mm were employed in our study. Percentage depth dose (PDD), off‐axis ratios (OAR), and ROF were measured using a stereotactic field diode (SFD). BEAMnrc code was used for MC simulations.

Results

MC calculated and measured PDDs for all cones agreed within 1%/0.5 mm, and OAR profiles agreed within 1%/0.5 mm. ROF obtained from the measurements and MC calculations agreed within 2% for all cone sizes. Small‐field correction factors for the SFD detector Kfield,3 × 3(SFD) were derived using MC calculations as a baseline and were found to be 0.982, 0.992, 0.997, 1.015, and 1.017 for the 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15‐mm cones respectively. The difference in ROF was about 10%, 6%, 3.5%, 3%, 2.5%, and 2% for ±0.3 mm variations in 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15‐mm cone aperture respectively. In case of single static field, cone‐based collimation produced a sharper penumbra compared to the MLC‐based.

Conclusions

Accurate MC simulation can be an effective tool for verification of dosimetric measurements of small fields. Due to the very high sensitivity of output factors on the cone diameter, manufacture‐related variations in cone size may lead to considerable variations in dosimetric characteristics of stereotactic cones.
Design and implementation of an adaptive Kalman filtering for the launcher of multiple launch rocket system
Authors: Li Bo , Rui Xiaoting , Yang Fufeng , Wang Guoping
Published: December 2017

Practical application for performing an adaptive Kalman filtering with a digital signal processor is studied. A multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) is considered, and an adaptive Kalman filtering is designed for the state estimation of the launcher by using the measured outputs from a fiber optical gyro mounted on the MLRS. The proposed algorithm remains convergent in the presence of noise covariance errors. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by simulations and compared with other types of Kalman filtering algorithms. Eventually, an experiment is implemented for the state estimation of the launcher of MLRS using the TMS320F2812 digital signal processor.
The Significant Role of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Interfaces in Graphene‐Based 1D Heterostructures for Highly Enhanced Electron Emission
Authors: Huang Bohr‐Ran , Kathiravan Deepa , Tu Chao‐wei , Saravanan Adhimoorthy
Published: December 2017

The role of hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrate with graphene is crucial to define the interfacial properties of graphene (G)‐based heterostructures in the field of electronic device applications. Herein, the novel strategy of graphene wrapped hydrophilic/hydrophobic silicon nanowires (SiNWs) heterostructure is reported for highly enhanced electron field emission (EFE) studies with low turn‐on field. The combined effect of sharp edged graphene layers induced by different kinds of SiNWs is envisioned to enhance field enhancement factors and turn‐on voltage. The systematic results show the best EFE properties of hydrophilic SiNWs‐G based field emitters, with a lower turn‐on voltage of 0.53 V µm−1, a current density of 2.7 mA cm−2, and a higher field enhancement factor (β) of 14825. In addition, both the SiNWs‐G‐based field emitters are tested as the practical flat panel displays, where the hydrophilic‐based display exhibits at low voltage as 210 V. The superior EFE performance of hydrophilic SiNWs‐G based field emitters are ascribed to their large distortion field. Since more electrons can be trapped for easy tunneling, this increases the emission sites, and thereby contributes to a high enhancement field. This striking result from hydrophilic SiNWs‐G field emitters can be tailored for high‐performance EFE device applications.
Enhanced NOx Gas Sensing Properties of Ordered Mesoporous WO3/ZnO Prepared by Electroless Plating
Authors: Han Ji , Wang Tian‐yang , Li Tian‐tian , Yu Hui , Yang Ying , Dong Xiang‐ting
Published: December 2017

A kind of novel n–n combined ordered mesoporous WO3/ZnO (OM‐WO3/ZnO) sensor are successfully fabricated in this study. A soft‐template method is used to synthesize the ordered mesoporous ZnO matrix. Surfaces of the ZnO matrix are innovatively modified using silane coupling agent (mark as: OM‐ZnO‐Si), and then a layer of WO3 film is assembled on the surfaces of the OM‐ZnO‐Si by chemical plating method for the first time, and the OM‐WO3/ZnO material is obtained. The prepared OM‐WO3/ZnO sample shows a kind of regular hexagon‐sheet structure. The prepared OM‐WO3/ZnO sensor shows the much better response, much shorter response time, much lower detection limit, and the more excellent selectivity toward NOx gas. When oxynitride (NOx) gas concentration is 100 ppm, the response reaches to 82.64%, the response time is only 6 s at room temperature. The detection limit is only 0.01 ppm. The unique loose porous structure and the synergistic effect of the n–n heterojunction structure endow the prepared OM‐WO3/ZnO material with the superior gas sensing properties. The n–n combined OM‐WO3/ZnO material shows the vast development potential in gas sensor field.
Effects of Grain Boundary Density on the Gas Sensing Properties of Triethylsilylethynyl‐Anthradithiophene Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Seo Yena , Lee Jung Hun , Anthony John E. , Nguyen Ky V. , Kim Yeon Hoo , Jang Ho Won , Ko Sunglim , Cho Younghoon , Lee Wi Hyoung
Published: December 2017

In this study, triethylsilylethynyl‐anthradithiophene (TES‐ADT) films with different density of grain boundaries are used for systematic investigation of effects of grain boundary density on gas sensing properties of TES‐ADT field‐effect transistors (FETs). Grain boundary density is simply controlled by changing mixing time of TES‐ADT solution. Higher mixing time leads to higher grain boundary density, and field‐effect mobility decreases with increased grain boundary density. However, gas sensing properties exhibit the opposite behavior. Drain current and field‐effect mobility of FETs based on TES‐ADT film with higher grain boundary density increase much more upon exposure of NO2 with electron withdrawing character. In addition, dynamic gas sensing tests reveal that response rate and sensitivity of a TES‐ADT sensor are enhanced remarkably by an increase of grain boundary density in TES‐ADT films. Grain boundaries provide a pathway for diffusion of gas molecules into channel regions and thus increase of grain boundary density is beneficial for development of highly sensitive OFET gas sensors.
Optical Control of a Biological Reaction–Diffusion System
Authors: Glock Philipp , Broichhagen Johannes , Kretschmer Simon , Blumhardt Philipp , Mücksch Jonas , Trauner Dirk , Schwille Petra
Published: December 2017

Patterns formed by reaction and diffusion are the foundation for many phenomena in biology. However, the experimental study of reaction–diffusion (R–D) systems has so far been dominated by chemical oscillators, for which many tools are available. In this work, we developed a photoswitch for the Min system of Escherichia coli, a versatile biological in vitro R–D system consisting of the antagonistic proteins MinD and MinE. A MinE‐derived peptide of 19 amino acids was covalently modified with a photoisomerizable crosslinker based on azobenzene to externally control peptide‐mediated depletion of MinD from the membrane. In addition to providing an on–off switch for pattern formation, we achieve frequency‐locked resonance with a precise 2D spatial memory, thus allowing new insights into Min protein action on the membrane. Taken together, we provide a tool to study phenomena in pattern formation using biological agents.
Antibody Responses to Citrullinated and Noncitrullinated Antigens in the Sputum of Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Subjects at Risk for Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Demoruelle M. Kristen , Bowers Emily , Lahey Lauren J. , Sokolove Jeremy , Purmalek Monica , Seto Nickie L. , Weisman Michael H. , Norris Jill M. , Kaplan Mariana J. , Holers V. Michael , Robinson William H. , Deane Kevin D.
Published: December 2017

Objective

The location and mechanisms involved in the initial generation of autoantibodies to citrullinated and noncitrullinated proteins/peptides during the natural history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) development is incompletely understood. This study sought to explore individual antibody responses to citrullinated and noncitrullinated proteins/peptides in the sputum and associations with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in subjects at risk for the future development of RA.

Methods

Serum and sputum samples were obtained from 41 RA‐free subjects who were considered at risk for the development of RA based on familial or serologic risk factors, from 20 subjects classified as having RA, and from 22 healthy control subjects. Samples were evaluated using a bead‐based array for IgG reactivity to 29 citrullinated proteins/peptides and 21 noncitrullinated proteins/peptides. Cutoff levels for antibody positivity were established in a separate control group. NET levels in the sputum were measured using sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays that quantitate DNA–myeloperoxidase and DNA–neutrophil elastase complexes.

Results

In at‐risk subjects, antibody responses to the citrullinated forms of fibrinogen, apolipoprotein E, and fibronectin were highly prevalent. The most citrulline‐specific antibodies in the sputum of at‐risk subjects were those to fibrinogen, vimentin, and peptides of fibrinogen A and apolipoprotein A1. Patterns of sputum autoantibody positivity differed between at‐risk subjects and subjects with RA. In at‐risk subjects, increasing sputum NET levels significantly correlated with several citrullinated and some noncitrullinated antibody reactivities.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that sputum antibody reactivity to particular citrullinated and noncitrullinated proteins/peptides is specific for RA and for subjects at risk of RA, and the association of these proteins/peptides with NETs may be a key feature of early RA–related autoimmunity in the lung. These results further support the hypothesis that the lung plays a role in early RA–related autoimmunity.
Towards a policy social psychology: Teacher engagement with policy enactment and the core concept of Affective Disruption
Authors: Sheikh Irfan , Bagley Carl
Published: December 2017

The article uncovers the complex process of educational policy enactment and the impact this process has on teachers as policy actors as they undertake the task of introducing a new mathematics curriculum in a Canadian secondary school. The three year study based on in‐depth qualitative interviews adopts a classic grounded theory approach of concurrent iterative cycles of data collection, conceptual categorisation and analytical abstraction, to identify six emergent concepts indicative of policy actor engagement with the policy process: (1) Professional and Emotional Investment; (2) Decisional Legitimacy; (3) Hierarchical Trust; (4) System Integrity and Viability; (5) De‐professionalisation; and (6) Identity Safeguarding. Further, and significantly, the grounded theory analysis identifies the core concept ofAffective Disruption, conceived as an interruption to an individual's emotional equilibrium resulting from interference to their cognitive sense‐making in relation to policy. It is proposed these six emergent concepts andAffective Disruptionas a core concept are precipitated within policy actors in response to the tensions created by the process of policy enactment; the research findings moving towards what might be tentatively termed a policy social psychology.
RNase III Nucleases and the Evolution of Antiviral Systems
Authors: Aguado Lauren C. , tenOever Benjamin R.
Published: December 2017

Every living entity requires the capacity to defend against viruses in some form. From bacteria to plants to arthropods, cells retain the capacity to capture genetic material, process it in a variety of ways, and subsequently use it to generate pathogen‐specific small RNAs. These small RNAs can then be used to provide specificity to an otherwise non‐specific nuclease, generating a potent antiviral system. While small RNA‐based defenses in chordates are less utilized, the protein‐based antiviral invention in this phylum appears to have derived from components of the same ancestral small RNA machinery. Based on recent evidence, it would seem that RNase III nucleases have been reiteratively repurposed over billions of years to provide cells with the capacity to recognize and destroy unwanted genetic material. Here we describe an overview of what is known on this subject and provide a model for how these defenses may have evolved.
One duct, two orifices, no names! the anatomy of the biliary cystic duct
Authors: Merh Radhika , Saunders Michael , Jenner Deborah
Published: December 2017

The biliary cystic duct (CD) connects the gallbladder to the extra‐hepatic bile duct, and the point at which it does this delineates the division between the common hepatic duct and the common bile duct. Its clinical relevance in disease, and importance during interventions relating to the gallbladder mean that its normal and variant anatomy has been described extensively in literature. However, an aspect not yet fully described includes naming of its two orifices on either end. This is highly relevant for surgical, endoscopic, and percutaneous procedures. We describe these as encountered in normal CD and biliary tree anatomy. We believe this is crucial for interventions relating to the gallbladder and the biliary tree, including prevention of iatrogenic injury. Clin. Anat. 31:422–423, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Leverage resources to keep campus safe
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: December 2017

“I honestly believe the success of public safety at Yale is dependent on the men and women on the front lines. I'm just the orchestra conductor, making sure they have what they need,” said Ronnell Higgins, director of public safety and chief of police at Yale University.
Mechanistic Insight into Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Carbocyclization–Borylation of Enallenes
Authors: Qiu Youai , Mendoza Abraham , Posevins Daniels , Himo Fahmi , Kalek Marcin , Bäckvall Jan E.
Published: December 2017

The asymmetric palladium‐catalyzed oxidative carbocyclization–borylation of enallenes, employing a chiral phosphoric acid as co‐catalyst, constitutes an efficient and convenient entry into functionalized building blocks with cyclopentene scaffolds in high enantiopurity. Up till now there has been a lack of knowledge concerning the origin of enantioselectivity of this reaction as well as the absolute configuration of the product. Herein, we report the crystal structure of one of the compounds generated via this carbocyclization, providing the link between the configuration of the products and the configuration of the chiral phosphoric acid used in the reaction. Furthermore, the origin of the enantioselectivity is thoroughly investigated with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. By careful examination of different possible coordination modes, it is shown that the chiral phosphoric acid and the corresponding phosphate anion serve as ligands for palladium during the key stereoselectivity‐determining cyclization step. In addition, we examine reactions wherein an extra chiral reagent, a p‐benzoquinone containing a chiral sulfoxide, is used. The combined experimental and theoretical studies provide insight into the details of complexation of palladium with various species present in the reaction mixture, furnishing a general understanding of the factors governing the stereoselectivity of this and related catalytic reactions.
Bimetallic Bi‐Ni oxides over carbide supports for oxidative dehydrogenation of n‐butane: Experimental and kinetic modelling
Authors: Elmutasim Omer , Tanimu Gazali , Aljundi Isam H. , Al‐Khattaf Sulaiman
Published: December 2017

n‐butane oxidative dehydrogenation was studied over Bi‐Ni/TiC, Bi‐Ni/SiC, Bi‐Ni/Silicalite‐1, and unsupported Bi‐Ni catalyst. The co‐impregnation technique was followed, with fixed 0.30 and 0.20 g/g for Bi and Ni respectively. The physico‐chemical properties were measured by means of BET, XRD, CO2/NH3‐TPD, and H2‐TPR techniques. The catalytic test results revealed that bimetallic Bi‐Ni/TiC catalyst exhibited the highest n‐butane conversion of 16.6 % with dehydrogenation selectivity of 83.7 % (1,3‐butadiene and butenes selectivity of 50.7 % and 33 % respectively). As regards Bi‐Ni/TiC catalyst, the main operating parameters including O2/n‐C4H10 feed ratio, space velocity, and reaction temperature were varied. The Bi‐Ni/TiC catalyst showed adequate stability for a 10 h time on stream test. The high performance of Bi‐Ni‐O/TiC catalyst is attributed to the synergistic role of reducibility, presence of strong basic sites and weak acidic sites, and an increased metal species dispersion over the TiC support. A kinetic study of n‐butane oxidative dehydrogenation was carried out. The apparent activation energy for formation of butadiene was estimated to be the lowest (15 kJ/mol), while the highest activation energy (105 kJ/mol) is required for the undesirable cracking reaction.
Structure‐Based Design of Selective Noncovalent CDK12 Inhibitors
Authors: Johannes Jeffrey W. , Denz Christopher R. , Su Nancy , Wu Allan , Impastato Anna C. , Mlynarski Scott , Varnes Jeffrey G. , Prince D. Bryan , Cidado Justin , Gao Ning , Haddrick Malcolm , Jones Natalie H. , Li Shaobin , Li Xiuwei , Liu Yang , Nguyen Toan B. , O'Connell Nichole , Rivers Emma , Robbins Daniel W. , Tomlinson Ronald , Yao Tieguang , Zhu Xiahui , Ferguson Andrew D. , Lamb Michelle L. , Manchester John I. , Guichard Sylvie
Published: December 2017

Cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) 12 knockdown via siRNA decreases the transcription of DNA‐damage‐response genes and sensitizes BRCA wild‐type cells to poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition. To recapitulate this effect with a small molecule, we sought a potent, selective CDK12 inhibitor. Crystal structures and modeling informed hybridization between dinaciclib and SR‐3029, resulting in lead compound 5 [(S)‐2‐(1‐(6‐(((6,7‐difluoro‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)methyl)amino)‐9‐ethyl‐9H‐purin‐2‐yl)piperidin‐2‐yl)ethan‐1‐ol]. Further structure‐guided optimization delivered a series of selective CDK12 inhibitors, including compound 7 [(S)‐2‐(1‐(6‐(((6,7‐difluoro‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)methyl)amino)‐9‐isopropyl‐9H‐purin‐2‐yl)piperidin‐2‐yl)ethan‐1‐ol]. Profiling of this compound across CDK9, 7, 2, and 1 at high ATP concentration, single‐point kinase panel screening against 352 targets at 0.1 μm, and proteomics via kinase affinity matrix technology demonstrated the selectivity. This series of compounds inhibits phosphorylation of Ser2 on the C‐terminal repeat domain of RNA polymerase II, consistent with CDK12 inhibition. These selective compounds were also acutely toxic to OV90 as well as THP1 cells.
On efficient virtual cluster scaling across geo‐distributed data centers
Authors: Xu Xinping , Li Wenxin , Qi Heng , Li Keqiu
Published: December 2017

Virtual cluster has recently emerged as a common abstraction for cloud applications or tenants to specify and reserve resources. Such virtual cluster brings valuable insights into the cloud elasticity when scaling up or down the number of resources on demand. Unfortunately, for global‐scale applications running on geo‐distributed datacenters, it is always a challenge to scale the virtual cluster. Due to the fact that the inter‐datacenter bandwidth is an expensive and scarce resource, it is increasingly important yet typically hard to achieve cost‐minimizing bandwidth guarantees when scaling. However, existing approaches mainly focus on the scaling within intra‐datacenter networks and cannot be simply extended to the inter‐datacenter scenario. In this paper, we study the problem of scaling up a virtual cluster with consideration of both bandwidth cost minimization and bandwidth guarantees fulfillment targeting inter‐datacenter networks. Specifically, we first propose an efficient algorithm to scale up the virtual cluster without changing its original VM placement. With the observation that such VM placement can hinder the cluster scalability, we further present an optimized algorithm, which exploits VM migration when scaling. Finally, we conduct extensive simulations to demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithms, in terms of both bandwidth cost and the acceptance rate of scaling requests with bandwidth guarantees.
A performance spectrum for parallel computational frameworks that solve PDEs
Authors: Chang J. , Nakshatrala K.B. , Knepley M.G. , Johnsson L.
Published: December 2017

Important computational physics problems are often large‐scale in nature, and it is highly desirable to have robust and high performing computational frameworks that can quickly address these problems. However, it is no trivial task to determine whether a computational framework is performing efficiently or is scalable. The aim of this paper is to present various strategies for better understanding the performance of any parallel computational frameworks for solving PDEs. Important performance issues that negatively impact time‐to‐solution are discussed, and we propose a performance spectrum analysis that can enhance one's understanding of critical aforementioned performance issues. As proof of concept, we examine commonly used finite element simulation packages and software and apply the performance spectrum to quickly analyze the performance and scalability across various hardware platforms, software implementations, and numerical discretizations. It is shown that the proposed performance spectrum is a versatile performance model that is not only extendable to more complex PDEs such as hydrostatic ice sheet flow equations but also useful for understanding hardware performance in a massively parallel computing environment. Potential applications and future extensions of this work are also discussed.
Annealing‐Free Cr2O3 Electron‐Selective Layer for Efficient Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Dong Jia , Wu Jihuai , Jia Jinbiao , He Xin , Lan Zhang , Fan Leqing , Lin Jianming , Huang Miaoliang
Published: December 2017

The electron‐selective layer (ESL) plays a pivotal role in the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, amorphous dispersible chromium oxide (Cr2O3) nanosheets are synthesized by a facile solvothermal reaction, and a Cr2O3 ESL is prepared by spin‐coating Cr2O3 ink on fluorine‐doped tin oxide substrates without need for further annealing. By using Cr2O3 as the electron‐selective layer and Cs0.05(MA0.17FA0.83)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 as the light‐absorption layer, a planar hybrid perovskite solar cell is fabricated. The spin‐coating speed is optimized, the structure and morphology of samples are observed, the photoelectrical properties of ESLs are characterized, and the photovoltaic behaviors of devices are measured. Results show that the as‐prepared Cr2O3 layer has high optical transmittance and superb electron extraction and carrier transport property. The planar hybrid PSC based on the optimized Cr2O3 ESL achieves a power conversion efficiency of 16.23 %, which is comparable to devices based on a conventional high‐temperature‐calcined TiO2 ESL. These results demonstrate a low‐cost and facile route to highly effective perovskite solar cells.
Understand recent key OCR, lawsuit rulings regarding disability
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: December 2017

“I have been very lucky that my 40‐year career with the Office for Civil Rights coincided with many important developments in civil rights education law,” said Paul D. Grossman, Esq., a retired chief regional attorney for OCR and a board member for the Association on Higher Education And Disability.
Support students with ADHD as they transition into college
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: December 2017

Rebecca Whittaker Matte, associate professor of education at Landmark College, specializes in first‐year studies. She helps her students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder understand the hidden demands of college and develop strategies for success.