bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Picturebooks as a Pedagogical Tool to Teach Drawing: A Case Study in a Preschool in China
Authors: Qiming Xia , Renganathan Sumathi
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the use of picturebooks as a pedagogical tool to teach drawing skills for preschoolers. Conducted in a public preschool in China, this study is part of a larger project aimed at implementing a learner-centred approach by utilising picturebooks in preschool lessons. Through classroom observations and interviews with teachers, the study explored how drawing lessons were planned, structured, and executed by incorporating picturebooks. It also examined teachers’ beliefs and attitudes in using this approach. While the findings indicated that picturebooks fostered children’s creativity and engagement, the lessons were still predominately teacher centred. Moreover, teachers reported challenges in selecting appropriate picturebooks and balancing the focus between literacy and drawing instruction. The study further revealed how parental expectations added pressure on teachers to deliver visually appealing results, which sometimes limited children’s creative freedom.
The California Student Wellness Index: Development, Validation, and Multi-Tier Applications
Authors: Furlong Michael J. , O’Malley Meagan , Chan Mei-ki , Dowdy Erin , Goodwin Jon W. , Ortiz Arlene , Nylund-Gibson Karen , Hanson Tom
Published: November 2024

This article and its Online Supplemental Material describe the development of the California School Wellness Index (CSWI), a tool to aid mental health research and practice in schools, specifically for wellness screening and monitoring. The CSWI is a 0–40 composite index derived from responses to the Brief Multidimensional Student Life Satisfaction Scale (BMSLSS) and the Social Emotional Distress Scale (SEDS) and rooted in the Dual-Factor Mental Health model. The development of the CSWI involved psychometric and normative analyses using data from 626,940 California secondary students during the 2021/22 and 2022/23 academic years. Analyses conducted with other independent samples examined concurrent validity with the Social Emotional Health Survey-Secondary (N = 78,769, collected in 2020/21) and stability and predictive validity with the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (N = 1,828, collected in 2020/21 and 2021/22). Distribution and ranking information and clinical interpretation resources for the BMSLSS, SEDS, and CSWI are described. The discussion and Online Supplemental Material provide insights into strategies for using the CSWI within a Multi-Tiered Support System (MTSS) for various research and clinical applications. These applications include using it as a population-level global mental health index, identifying students needing more support, communicating with educators, guardians, and community members about student well-being, and evaluating the effectiveness of student support services. The Online Supplemental Material includes development, validation, and interpretation information and open-access resources for using the CSWI across MTSS levels.
Novel Hellinger clustering method for efficient ECG optimized classification
Authors: Rfys Rawaa R. , Al-Shammary Dhiah , Mahdi Ahmed M. , Sufi Fahim
Published: November 2024

This paper develops a new clustering technique based on Hellinger distance (HD) that can improve the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) search. Selection of features plays an important role in disease detection. Evidently, most machine learning algorithms are unable to accurately identify the optimal features in medical datasets due to the complexity of the data. The main objective of utilizing Hellinger distance is to partition dataset into two groups that are both highly similar and harmonious. Consequently, improve the accuracy of the proposed system by applying particle swarm optimization (PSO) to select more effective features. Technically, the extracted features from compiled MIT-BIH Arrhythmia dataset are applied to Minkowski classifier and several machine learning algorithms: KNN, DT, SVM, RF, and NB. The experiments demonstrated that the suggested model improves performance for classifying ECG signals by increasing accuracy, which reflects the importance of the modification made.
An empirical study of the well-being of older individuals in China, Japan, and Korea
Authors: İmrohoroğlu Selahattin , Yu Zhixiu
Published: November 2024

In this paper we present new empirical findings on the determinants of well-being of 54–75 year old individuals in China, Japan, and Korea. Using the harmonized Health and Retirement Surveys (HRS) that are designed to be similar to the Rand HRS, namely CHARLS in China, JSTAR in Japan and KLoSA in Korea, we run country- and gender-specific panel regressions using all available waves measures of subjective well-being (SWB) are associated with various economic, social, and demographic characteristics. Consistent with previous findings that highlight the role of education, health, employment status and social interactions in single wave studies, we find that these common factors continue to be important across countries and over time. In addition, we find that older Korean individuals in more recent waves have lower SWB than those in the first wave (2006). Finally, we find that there remain important differences across countries about the role of factors such as housing wealth, relative income and sources of life satisfaction, suggesting further country-specific research into the determinants of well-being.
More love troubles: Emma Gordon on biomedical enhancements and love relationships
Authors: Nyholm Sven
Published: November 2024

In my contribution to this book symposium on Emma Gordon’s book Human Enhancement and Well-Being, I discuss and respond to Gordon’s extensive discussion and criticisms of a skeptical argument regarding the desirability of love enhancements that I presented in a 2015 paper. I start by first explaining the overall project of Gordon’s book, make a general comment about her overall approach (which I am broadly sympathetic with), and then proceed to a detailed discussion of Gordon’s critical engagement with my 2015 argument. I defend my argument against Gordon’s interesting criticisms and argue that Gordon has not defused my skeptical challenge to the desirability of love enhancements, but I also end by identifying key points of agreement between me and Gordon. Specific topics discussed include the distinction between ways of loving and causes of loving, the value of ways of loving and the value of the causes of loving, and whether or not the ideal of robust love attachments can be seen as compatible attachments causally dependent on love enhancements.
General Post-Newtonian Orbital Effects
Authors: Iorio Lorenzo
Published: November 2024

Orbital motions have always been used to test gravitational theories which, from time to time, have challenged the then-dominant paradigms. This book provides a unified treatment for calculating a wide variety of orbital effects due to general relativity and modified models of gravity, to its first and second post-Newtonian orders, in full generality. It gives explicit results valid for arbitrary orbital configurations and spin axes of the sources, without a priori simplifying assumptions on either the orbital eccentricity or inclination. These general results apply to a range of phenomena, from Earth's artificial satellites to the S-stars orbiting the supermassive black hole in the Galactic Centre to binary and triple pulsars, exoplanets, and interplanetary probes. Readers will become acquainted with working out a variety of orbital effects other than the time-honoured perihelion precession, designing their own space-based tests, performing effective sensitivity analyses, and assessing realistic error budgets.
Involving non-equilibrium training dataset in data-driven turbulence modeling for turbomachinery
Authors: Du J.L. , Liu W.S. , Fang L. , Bao T.W.
Published: November 2024

In order to improve the performance of

$k - \omega $

SST model in turbomachinery, previous studies have used the machine-learning (ML) technique to obtain turbulence models (for example, the ML-RANS EQ model). However, these models do not lead to satisfactory results in complex flows in turbomachinery. In this study, we use non-equilibrium training dataset to obtain a new turbulence model (i.e., the ML-RANS TR-NE-EQ model). Calculations in various cases of turbine cascade flows show that ML-RANS TR-NE-EQ model performs obviously better than ML-RANS EQ model as well as

$k - \omega $

SST model.
Fundamental considerations in the design and performance assessment of propulsive fuselage aircraft concepts
Authors: Moirou N.G.M. , Mutangara N.E. , Sanders D.S.
Published: November 2024

Propulsive fuselage aircraft complement the two under-wing turbofans of current aircraft with an embedded propulsion system within the airframe to ingest the energy-rich fuselage boundary layer. The key design features of this embedding are examined and related to an aero-propulsive performance assessment undertaken in the absolute reference frame which is believed to best evaluate these effects with intuitive physics-based interpretations. First, this study completes previous investigations on the potential for energy recovery for different fuselage slenderness ratios to characterise the aerodynamics sensitivity to morphed fuselage-tail design changes and potential performance before integrating fully circumferential propulsors. Its installation design space is then explored with macro design parameters (position, size and operating conditions) where an optimum suggests up to 11% fuel savings during cruise and up to 16% when introducing compact nacelles and re-scaling of the under-wing turbofans. Overall, this work provides valuable insights for designers and aerodynamicists on the potential performance of their concepts to meet the environmental targets of future aircraft.
Balancing Power: The Impact of Legal Review on Harmonising the European Electricity Market
Authors: Hancher Leigh , Rumpf Julius
Published: November 2024

European electricity regulation has evolved to include a novel category of binding sectoral rules known as terms, conditions, and methodologies (TCMs). These are created within a regulatory framework outlined in delegated Commission regulations by private electricity firms and approved by technocratic agencies, most notably the EU Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER). Despite their technical nature, TCMs have significant economic impact. This prompts frequent appeals of ACER’s TCM decisions, questioning ACER’s role and the overall institutional equilibrium of the TCM procedure. ACER’s TCM decisions are subject to dual-level legal review – internal by ACER’s Board of Appeal and external by European Courts. This paper uses two case studies to examine how dual-level legal review impacts the institutional balance of the TCM procedure. We find that the two levels of review engage poorly, so that contrary to expectations, legal review creates uncertainty rather than clarity, allowing for considerable pragmatism. These findings show the importance of considering legal review when studying sectoral governance. Policy implications are also significant, as the identified issues inhibit innovation and problem-solving, the raison d’etre of the TCMs.
Hegel as a ‘backward-looking prophet’?: Kierkegaard’s critique of Hegel’s philosophy of history
Authors: Hodel Jonas
Published: November 2024

Kierkegaard presents his critique of a Hegelian philosophy of history in the works of his Climacus pseudonym, the Philosophical Fragments and the corresponding Concluding Unscientific Postscript. It has been contested whether he addressed his arguments toward Hegel directly. In this paper, I argue that these arguments are systematically pertinent to central issues both of Hegel’s as well as any other philosophical engagement with history. To make this point I proceed in three steps. First, the basic outlines of Hegel’s philosophy of history are given concerning its exact subject matter, what the aim of history is, and whether the reason inherent in it allows us to conceive of historical events as necessary. Second, I will show that, though agreeing with Hegel on some points, Climacus holds that we can ascribe neither a determinist nor a conceptual kind of necessity to historical events. Finally, I will expand on Climacus’s account of radical metaphysical contingency and its ethical implications which prompt some objections against philosophy of history in general.
Modal analysis of screeching elliptical jets
Authors: Ivelja Ricky , Edgington-Mitchell Daniel , Maigler Maximilian , Nogueira Petrônio A.S.
Published: November 2024

This work presents models for the behaviour of both upstream- and downstream-travelling waves in screeching elliptical jets. Proper orthogonal decomposition is performed on experimental velocity data in both the major and minor axis planes, for an aspect ratio

$AR=2$

converging elliptical jet operating at nozzle pressure ratios of

$2.6$

and

$3.4$

. From this decomposition, the radial and axial structure of the guided-jet mode (GJM) and the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability are educed. Linear-stability analysis (LSA) is performed using both the experimentally obtained mean flow, and one obtained using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) at matched conditions. It is shown that the wavenumber predicted by LSA for both waves are within the range of experimentally observed wavenumbers. Furthermore, the model accurately predicts the structure of these waves at multiple axial locations, using either the experimental or RANS mean flow. Most critically, it is demonstrated that the GJM is only predicted to be neutrally stable at the screech frequency for a relatively limited streamwise domain, the size and location of which is dependent on the nozzle pressure ratio. A comparison with the amplitude envelope for the GJM extracted from the experimental measurements indicates that the maximum fluctuations associated with the GJM are collocated with this region of the flow that is predicted to support the GJM. While there have been extensive discussions about the frequency dependence of the GJM, this is the first demonstration that its existence is highly dependent on streamwise position within the flow.
Parameterized Ekman boundary layers on the tilted f-plane
Authors: Tro Sara , Grooms Ian , Julien Keith
Published: November 2024

Rotating convection is considered on the tilted

$f$

-plane where gravity and rotation are not aligned. For sufficiently large rotation rates,

$\Omega$

, the Taylor–Proudman effect results in the gyroscopic alignment of anisotropic columnar structures with the rotation axis giving rise to rapidly varying radial length scales that vanishes as

$\Omega ^{-1/3}$

for

$\Omega \rightarrow \infty$

. Compounding this phenomenon is the existence of viscous (Ekman) layers adjacent to the impenetrable bounding surfaces that scale as

$\Omega ^{-1/2}$

. In this investigation, these constraints are relaxed upon utilising a non-orthogonal coordinate representation of the fluid equations where the upright coordinate aligns with rotation axis. This exposes the problem to asymptotic perturbation methods that permit: (i) relaxation of the constraints of gyroscopic alignment; (ii) the filtering of Ekman layers through the uncovering of parameterised velocity pumping boundary conditions; and (iii) the development of reduced quasi-geostrophic systems valid in the limit

$\Omega \rightarrow \infty$

. Linear stability investigations reveal excellent quantitative agreement between results from parameterised or unapproximated mechanical boundary conditions. For no-slip boundaries, it is demonstrated that the associated Ekman pumping alters convective onset through an enhanced destabilisation of large spatial scales. The range of unstable modes at a fixed thermal forcing is thus significantly extended with a direct dependence on

$\Omega$

. This holds true even for geophysical and astrophysical regimes characterised by extreme values of the non-dimensional Ekman number

$E$

. The nonlinear regime is explored via the global heat and momentum transport of single-mode solutions to the quasi-geostrophic systems which indicate

$O(1)$

changes which do not scale with the size of

$E$

.
Scaling relations for heat and momentum transport in sheared Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: Yerragolam Guru Sreevanshu , Howland Christopher J. , Stevens Richard J.A.M. , Verzicco Roberto , Shishkina Olga , Lohse Detlef
Published: November 2024

We provide scaling relations for the Nusselt number

$Nu$

and the friction coefficient

$C_{S}$

in sheared Rayleigh–Bénard convection, i.e. in Rayleigh–Bénard flow with Couette- or Poiseuille-type shear forcing, by extending the Grossmann & Lohse (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 407, 2000, pp. 27–56, Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 86, 2001, pp. 3316–3319, Phys. Rev. E, vol. 66, 2002, 016305, Phys. Fluids, vol. 16, 2004, pp. 4462–4472) theory to sheared thermal convection. The control parameters for these systems are the Rayleigh number

$Ra$

, the Prandtl number

$Pr$

and the Reynolds number

$Re_S$

that characterises the strength of the imposed shear. By direct numerical simulations and theoretical considerations, we show that, in turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection, the friction coefficients associated with the applied shear and the shear generated by the large-scale convection rolls are both well described by Prandtl's (Ergeb. Aerodyn. Vers. Gött., vol. 4, 1932, pp. 18–29) logarithmic friction law, suggesting some kind of universality between purely shear-driven flows and thermal convection. These scaling relations hold well for

$10^6 \leq Ra \leq 10^8$

,

$0.5 \leq Pr \leq 5.0$

, and

$0 \leq Re_S \leq 10^4$

.
Sociolinguistics, memory studies, and the dynamics of interdisciplinarity
Authors: Rampton Ben , Van de Putte Thomas
Published: November 2024

This article uses a dialogue between memory studies (MS) and ethnographic and interactional sociolinguistics (EIS) to explore the dynamics of interdisciplinarity. MS focuses on the social remembering of high-profile and often traumatic events, and this is relevant to EIS's growing interest in (in)securitization. MS is increasingly keen to explore everyday practices of remembering in interscalar analyses, and EIS’ expertise in the study of mundane communication can provide essential support. But there are major differences in their focal concerns and analytical cultures, as well as in their approaches to interdisciplinarity. This generates asymmetries in their exchange, which we illustrate with studies from Oświęcim/Auschwitz (MS) and Cyprus (EIS). By mapping these differences and highlighting collaborative data sessions as a practical arena for building relationships, the article seeks to deepen our understanding of interdisciplinarity and facilitate its practice. (Everyday practice, cultural memory, (in)securitisation, Mode 1 and Mode 2 interdisciplinarity)
A DIF Analysis of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire Comparing Political Ingroups in Sweden
Authors: Forsberg Erik , Sjöberg Anders
Published: November 2024

Abstract: A differential item functioning (DIF) analysis of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ) was performed using a Swedish sample ( N = 1,038) separated into multiple ideological ingroups, following respondents’ self-reported party preference. Under the assumption of two latent dimensions, the Individualizing and the Binding dimension, and after removing 4 items that could not be used in the DIF procedure, the result shows that a total of 16 items were flagged with DIF effects. Of these, 12 belonged to the Binding scale. Accounting for DIF impact on scale scores showed that the MFQ is largely fair but the results also indicate group-level effects. Foremost, naïve scores for followers of the Christian Democrats, on both scales, and Sweden Democrats, on the Binding scale were inflated. In the opposite direction on the Binding scale, we find naïve scores for followers of the Green party deflated. Regarding item content, the non-DIF items from the Individualizing foundations had content referring to victim compassion and egalitarian values. In contrast, non-DIF items from the Binding foundations had content referring to respect for authority and decency.
PPP Solution‐Based Model of Absolute Vertical Movements of the Earth's Crust in Poland With Consideration of Geological, Tectonic, Hydrological and Mineral Information
Authors: Naumowicz B. , Kowalczyk K. , Pelc‐Mieczkowska R.
Published: November 2024

This study aims to develop an absolute model of contemporary Vertical Crustal Movements (VCM) and Vertical Land Movements (VLM) in an area of Poland based on GNSS solutions. Velocities at permanent stations were subjected to geological, tectonic, hydrological and mineral information analyses. Reliability analysis and estimation of velocities at individual GNSS stations, comparative analysis of results and spatial analysis were carried out. Vertical velocities were determined using four computational strategies. Daily satellite data in the ITRF2014 system collected from permanent GNSS stations of the Polish part of the ASG EUPOS system were obtained from the Polish Main Office of Surveying and Cartography. All the data were from the 2011 to 2021 time period (approx. 11 years) and obtained in Rinex format. Time series from the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) solution calculated using GipsyX software were used. The absolute vertical crustal velocities obtained for Poland mostly vary between +1.0 and −1.0 mm/yr, which is 95% of the values obtained within local extremes. This region of Poland can be considered tectonically stable and the developed VCM model correlates with the geological and tectonic structure of the region. Taking into account the influence of tectonics, geology, hydrology and location of mineral resources has allowed better interpretation of vertical velocities and correction of the associated model. The proposed computational strategy based on combining data sets developed by different methods gave good results.
Distributed Acoustic Sensing for Future Planetary Applications: Initial Results From the San Francisco Volcanic Field, a Lunar Analogue
Authors: Harmon Nicholas , Porter Ryan , Rychert Catherine , Schmerr Nicholas , Smith Madison M. , Shen Zhichao , Wu Wenbo , Giles Jacob , McCall Naoma , Wang Jingchuan , Wike Linden , West John , Hoyle Austin , Deykes Naya
Published: November 2024

Seismic imaging is one of the most powerful tools available for constraining the internal structure and composition of planetary bodies as well as enabling our understanding planetary evolution, geology, and distribution of natural resources. However, traditional seismic instrumentation can be heavy and voluminous, expensive, and/or difficult to rapidly deploy in large numbers. Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) provides a promising new alternative given the ease of deployment, light weight and simplicity of fiber optic cables. However, the feasibility and best operational practices for using DAS for planetary exploration are not well‐known. We examine the use of DAS with surface deployed fiber for planetary near‐surface seismic exploration at two lunar geophysical analogue sites in San Francisco Volcanic Field. We compare DAS recordings to 3‐component seismometer recordings and geophone shot recordings and determine empirical response functions for the DAS system with respect to the 3‐component recordings. Shot sections of DAS and traditional seismic equipment compare well visually, with similar moveout of identifiable phases. DAS records first arrivals in good agreement with seismometers making them suitable for refraction work. Multichannel analysis of surface waves is performed on DAS records to estimate shallow shear velocities. The DAS has high spectral coherence with the horizontal components of ∼0.7 in the frequency band of the seismic shot energy. The empirical response functions are stable with amplitudes of ∼1.0–3.0 × 10−10 m per strain. Finally, the phase response is linear but not flat or zero. Our experiment demonstrates that there is potential for surface deployed DAS in planetary landscapes.
Choosing the Optimal Global Digital Elevation Model for Stream Network Delineation: Beyond Vertical Accuracy
Authors: Marešová Jana , Bašta Petr , Gdulová Kateřina , Barták Vojtěch , Kozhoridze Giorgi , Šmída Jiri , Markonis Yannis , Rocchini Duccio , Prošek Jiří , Pracná Petra , Moudrý Vítězslav
Published: November 2024

Satellite‐derived global digital elevation models (DEMs) are essential for providing the topographic information needed in a wide range of hydrological applications. However, their use is limited by spatial resolution and vertical bias due to sensor limitations in observing bare terrain. Significant efforts have been made to improve the resolution of global DEMs (e.g., TanDEM‐X) and create bare‐earth DEMs (e.g., FABDEM, MERIT, CEDTM). We evaluated the vertical accuracy of bare‐earth and global DEMs in Central European mountains and submontane regions, and assessed how DEM resolution, vegetation offset removal, land cover, and terrain slope affect stream network delineation. Using lidar‐derived DTM and national stream networks as references, we found that: (a) bare‐earth DEMs outperform global DEMs across all land cover types. RMSEs increased with increasing slope for all DEMs in non‐forest areas. In forests, however, the negative effect of the slope was outweighed by the vegetation offset even for bare‐earth DTMs; (b) the accuracy of derived stream networks was affected by terrain slope and land cover more than by the vertical accuracy of DEMs. Stream network delineation performed poorly in non‐forest areas and relatively well in forests. Increasing slope improved the streams delineation performance; (c) using DEMs with higher resolution (e.g., 12 m TanDEM‐X) improved stream network delineation, but increasing resolution also increased the need for effective vegetation bias removal. Our results indicate that vertical accuracy alone does not reflect how well DEMs perform in stream network delineation. This underscores the need to include stream network performance in DEM quality rankings.
Human milk extracellular vesicles modulate inflammation and cell survival in intestinal and immune cells
Authors: Vahkal Brett , Altosaar Illimar , Ariana Ardeshir , Jabbour Josie , Pantieras Falia , Daniel Redaet , Tremblay Éric , Sad Subash , Beaulieu Jean-François , Côté Marceline , Ferretti Emanuela
Published: November 2024

Human milk contains extracellular vesicles (EVs) that carry bioactive molecules such as microRNA, to the newborn intestine. The downstream effects of EV cargo on signaling and immune modulation may shield neonates against inflammatory diseases, including necrotizing enterocolitis. Premature infants are especially at risk, while human milk-feeding may offer protection. The effect of gestational-age specific term and preterm EVs from transitional human milk was characterized on human intestinal epithelial cells (HIECs and Caco-2), primary macrophages, and THP-1 monocytes. We hypothesized that term and preterm EVs differentially influence immune-related cytokines and cell death. We found that preterm EVs were enriched in CD14 surface marker, while both term and preterm EVs increased epidermal growth factor secretion. Following inflammatory stimuli, only term EVs inhibited secretion of IL-6 in HIECs, and reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in macrophages. Term and preterm EVs inhibited secretion of IL-1β and reduced inflammasome related cell death. We proposed that human milk EVs regulate immune-related signaling via their conserved microRNA cargo, which could promote tolerance and a homeostatic immune response. These findings provide basis for further studies into potential therapeutic supplementation with EVs in vulnerable newborn populations by considering functional, gestational age-specific effects.

Impact

This study reveals distinct functional differences between term and preterm transitional human milk extracellular vesicles (EVs) highlighting the importance of gestational age in their bioactivity.

Term EVs uniquely inhibited IL-6 secretion, IL-1β expression, and apoptosis following inflammatory stimuli.

Both term and preterm human milk EVs reduced IL-1β secretion and inflammasome-induced cell death.

Conserved human milk extracellular vesicle microRNA cargo could be a mediator of the anti-inflammatory effects, particularly targeting cytokine production, the inflammasome, and programmed cell death.

These findings underscore the importance of considering gestational age in future research exploring the therapeutic potential of human milk extracellular vesicles to prevent or treat intestinal inflammatory diseases in neonates.
Closed and open structures of the eukaryotic magnesium channel Mrs2 reveal the auto-ligand-gating regulation mechanism
Authors: Li Ping , Liu Shiyan , Wallerstein Johan , Villones Rhiza Lyne E. , Huang Peng , Lindkvist-Petersson Karin , Meloni Gabriele , Lu Kefeng , Steen Jensen Kristine , Liin Sara I. , Gourdon Pontus
Published: November 2024

The CorA/Mrs2 family of pentameric proteins are cardinal for the influx of Mg2+ across cellular membranes, importing the cation to mitochondria in eukaryotes. Yet, the conducting and regulation mechanisms of permeation remain elusive, particularly for the eukaryotic Mrs2 members. Here, we report closed and open Mrs2 cryo-electron microscopy structures, accompanied by functional characterization. Mg2+ flux is permitted by a narrow pore, gated by methionine and arginine residues in the closed state. Transition between the conformations is orchestrated by two pairs of conserved sensor-serving Mg2+-binding sites in the mitochondrial matrix lumen, located in between monomers. At lower levels of Mg2+, these ions are stripped, permitting an alternative, symmetrical shape, maintained by the RDLR motif that replaces one of the sensor site pairs in the open conformation. Thus, our findings collectively establish the molecular basis for selective Mg2+ influx of Mrs2 and an auto-ligand-gating regulation mechanism.
Bi-allelic variants in WDR47 cause a complex neurodevelopmental syndrome
Authors: Bayam Efil , Tilly Peggy , Collins Stephan C , Rivera Alvarez José , Kannan Meghna , Tonneau Lucile , Brivio Elena , Rinaldi Bruno , Lecat Romain , Schwaller Noémie , Cotellessa Ludovica , Maddirevula Sateesh , Monteiro Fabiola , Guardia Carlos M , Kitajima João Paulo , Kok Fernando , Kato Mitsuhiro , Hamed Ahlam A A , Salih Mustafa A , Al Tala Saeed , Hashem Mais O , Tada Hiroko , Saitsu Hirotomo , Stabile Mariano , Giacobini Paolo , Friant Sylvie , Yüksel Zafer , Nakashima Mitsuko , Alkuraya Fowzan S , Yalcin Binnaz , Godin Juliette D
Published: November 2024

Brain development requires the coordinated growth of structures and cues that are essential for forming neural circuits and cognitive functions. The corpus callosum, the largest interhemispheric connection, is formed by the axons of callosal projection neurons through a series of tightly regulated cellular events, including neuronal specification, migration, axon extension and branching. Defects in any of those steps can lead to a range of disorders known as syndromic corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD). We report five unrelated families carrying bi-allelic variants in WDR47 presenting with CCD together with other neuroanatomical phenotypes such as microcephaly and enlarged ventricles. Using in vitro and in vivo mouse models and complementation assays, we show that WDR47 is required for survival of callosal neurons by contributing to the maintenance of mitochondrial and microtubule homeostasis. We further propose that severity of the CCD phenotype is determined by the degree of the loss of function caused by the human variants. Taken together, we identify WDR47 as a causative gene of a new neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by corpus callosum abnormalities and other neuroanatomical malformations.
Synthesis of in-plane Mo2C/MoO3 heterostructures by a novel spatial-confined partial oxidation approach for enhanced TEA sensing
Authors: Ma Liang-Yu , Zhao Zheng-Guang , Yang Xuan-Yu , Yue Li-Juan , Gong Fei-Long , Xie Ke-Feng , Zhou Pan-Pan , Zhang Yong-Hui
Published: November 2024

In-plane Mo2C/MoO3 heterostructures possess rich grain boundaries which facilitate the generation of coordination unsaturated Mo atoms and thus provide the Lewis acid sites for TEA adsorption.
Near-infrared phosphorescence in a ruthenium(ii) complex equipped with a pyridyl-1,2-azaborine ligand
Authors: Pompei Matteo , Monti Filippo , Sambri Letizia , Armaroli Nicola , Baschieri Andrea
Published: November 2024

The pyridyl-1,2-azaborine ligand was successfully employed for the synthesis of a ruthenium(ii) complex, displaying near-infrared emission at room temperature.
Heterostructure conductive interface and melt-penetration-bonding process to afford all-solid-state Li–FeF3 garnet batteries with high cathode loading
Authors: Wu Hailong , Hu Jiulin , Yu Songlin , Li Chilin
Published: November 2024

A hot melt-penetration-bonding process of ionic wires is developed to address the issues of high contact impedance at cathode/garnet interface and insufficient conduction in bulk cathode.
One-pot synthesis of azepine spiro[4.6]-γ-lactams by a Hantzsch-type reaction
Authors: Hopkins Scarlet L. , Clarke Kristen T. , Clegg Jack K. , Gee William J.
Published: November 2024

A new Hantzsch-type reaction affording spiro[4.6]-γ-lactams from a facile, one-pot synthetic method.
Driving range estimation for electric bus based on atomic orbital search and back propagation neural network
Authors: Ke Hanchen , Bi Jun , Wang Yongxing , Zhang Yu
Published: November 2024

As urbanization and transportation demands continue to increase, electric buses play an important role in sustainable urban development thanks to their advantages of emission reduction, noise and pollution reduction. However, electric buses still face some challenges, in which, range anxiety is one of the main factors limiting its popularization. To solve this problem, an accurate estimation method for the driving range of electric buses based on atomic orbital search (AOS) algorithm and back propagation neural network (BPNN) was used, in which a long‐term bus operation dataset under different driving conditions is utilized to train BPNN, and then weight and bias are taken as the first generation provided for AOS approach to find a more appropriate parameter combination. Simulation and experimental analysis show that the algorithm introduced in this paper has higher prediction accuracy and efficiency compared to the traditional machine learning algorithms, that compared with BPNN, AOSBP reduced MAE, RMSE and MAPE by 85.6%, 50.9% and 64.6%, respectively, which effectively relieves range anxiety, and ensures the normal operation of the electric bus fleet.
A Maia-type candidate was misclassified: V424 Cep is an eclipsing β Cep-type pulsator in a triple system
Authors: Schmutz W. , Koenigsberger G. , Luna-Niño L. F. , Paschke A. , Richer M. G.
Published: November 2024

Context. V424 Cephei is an eclipsing binary system that has been classified as a Maia variable candidate. These objects are pulsators that apparently lie outside the theoretical instability strips.

Aims. We determine the properties of V424 Cep and identify the nature of the pulsating variable.

Methods. We analyzed photometric data obtained over the past three decades from TESS, Gaia, Hipparcos, and ground-based observations. Times of minimum light were determined, and the light curves and spectral energy distribution were analyzed. We analyzed the radial velocity curves of the double-lined system obtained from spectroscopy at the Observatorio Astronómico Nacional on the Sierra San Pedro Mártir.

Results. The two eclipses observed in the light curves yield a refined orbital period P = 4.93 d, an eccentricity e = 0.02, and an apsidal period U = 730 yr. The eclipse O–C curve is not linear. Combined with the apsidal period, this indicates the presence of a third component in the system. This conclusion was confirmed by a comparison of predicted and observed absolute fluxes. The masses of the binary pair are 8.7 M⊙ and 6.3 M⊙, their radii are 6.0 R⊙ and 3.5 R⊙, and the luminosities are log(L/L⊙) 3.80 and 3.11. The TESS light curve shows oscillations with a dominant period of 0.17 d. They are coherent throughout the orbital cycles with a stable amplitude, except during the (partial) eclipse of the primary star. This indicates that this is the pulsator. Its temperature is 21 000 K. The third-light component contributes no more than 15% to the total light of the system in the TESS wavelength band and 20% in the K band.

Conclusions. V424 Cep is not a Maia variable, but rather a β Cep star. This result highlights the importance of combining photometric light-curve solutions with absolute flux models and spectroscopic observations.
Simulation of flow near bottom vegetation in two layers channel by the Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Volodin Ivan , Alabuzhev Alexey
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the numerical simulation of fluid flow in a flat layer near a porous bottom layer in gravity field. The porosity distribution along the bottom is assumed to be homogeneous. The upper part of the layer is free of the porous medium, while the porosity is in the lower part. This task describes, for example, the flow near bottom vegetation. The problem is solved using the Lattice Boltzmann Method. The porous medium is simulated by the representative elementary volume (REV) method. The system is studied in an isothermal formulation with different porosity and permeability coefficients.
Development of technology and design platforms at topological norms less than 90 nm
Authors: Grosheva Ekaterina , Zarevich Anton , Deniskina Antonina , Fatullaeva Kaminat
Published: November 2024

The article discusses Moore’s law, which has had a significant impact on the development of microelectronics, allowing us to evaluate parameters such as the performance of microprocessors and the clock frequency of digital circuits. However, the transition to technological standards of less than 100 nm has led to new problems in the production and design of chips. The article also discusses changes in integrated circuit design tools, ranging from manual creation of topological layers to modern automated systems capable of solving complex problems of logical modeling and analysis of chip parameters. The issues of the development of design technology at topological standards of 90nm are considered.
Maintaining sustainability of firms’ competitiveness: Case of Russian multinationals
Authors: Mezinova Inga , Umanets Vladislav , Shepel Tatiana , Gavrilko Natalia
Published: November 2024

The study examines the sustainability of competitive advantages among Russian multinationals, particularly those in the commodity sectors. Using data from the Fortune 500 and Forbes Global 2000rankings, we analyze the dynamics of the representation of Russian MNEs and the structural factors contributing to their dominance. The paper explores several theoretical concepts, including the Market-Based View, Resource-Based View, Knowledge-Based View, and Dynamic Capabilities Perspective, to understand the drivers behind the sustained competitive edge of these firms. Emphasis is placed on the role of resource dependency, oligopolistic power, and state intervention, and the challenges posed by evolving global sustainability standards. The findings suggest that while Russian commodity companies benefit from stable internal resources, they face increasing pressure to adapt to sustainability and environmental regulations to maintain long-term competitiveness.
Evaluation of dynamic performance of freight cars with wheel pair deviations
Authors: Martynenko Liubov
Published: November 2024

Today, the braking process of uncoupled cars on hump yards with low productivity is carried out manually, using the brake shoe method. This braking method is based on replacing the rolling friction of the wheel on the rails with the sliding friction of the shoe base and another wheel, not equipped with a shoe, on the track. This sliding of the wheel, not equipped with a shoe, on the rails leads to its uneven wear and the creation of a linear section on the rolling surface, known as a one-sided slider. Such a slider significantly reduces the service life of not only the wheels themselves, but also the axle boxes, as well as the track superstructure, and is the reason for the rejection of cars. Using the software modeling Universal Mechanism (UM simulation), which is used to create various mechanical systems, it is possible to perform various tasks, such as synthesis of motion equations, analysis of object dynamics (solving kinematics and dynamics problems), plotting graphs of various parameters, as well as linear and static analysis performed in the UM simulation program. This program allows you to determine the impact of various deviations during operation using the example of rolling surface defects.
Creation of GIS-maps for information structuring and an integrated approach in the use of resource species of forest ecosystems
Authors: Dubrovnaya Svetlana , Makeeva Maria , Babynin Eduard , Khusnetdinova Landysh , Timofeeva Olga
Published: November 2024

Populations of species living at the edge of their range need long-term and constant monitoring to analyze the number and condition of individuals of the species. When populations fall out of natural phytocenoses in conditions of regulated nature management, it is possible to restore these cenopopulations by repopulation. For optimization of work on structuring of data on populations, a GIS-map of medicinal plants was created. A full set of studies has been carried out for Bupleurum aureum populations, which are experiencing significant anthropogenic pressure near the western border of its range. The species has practically disappeared from the broad-leaved forests of the Predvolga region. The created GIS-map contains information with precise georeferencing of the identified cenopopulations in relation to landscape and soil type. Another block of the GIS-map database contains information on productivity and genetic polymorphism of cenopopulations, which should be taken into account when restoring lost populations.The conducted studies have shown that the share of generative plants of B. aureum in the population decreases when the light intensity decreases in the forest. In this case, individuals preserved in meadows adjacent to the forest are of great importance. It can be assumed that forest edge communities are important key sites for the conservation of forest biodiversity.
Digital deforestation monitoring and control system: An innovative approach to the conservation of forest resources
Authors: Lukin Vladislav , Zolnikov Vladimir
Published: November 2024

This article presents the concept of an innovative digital system for monitoring and controlling deforestation, aimed at improving the efficiency of forest management and combating illegal logging. The system is based on the use of modern high-resolution satellite data and machine learning methods to analyze changes in forest cover. The paper describes the architecture of the proposed system, which includes modules for data collection, change analysis, classification and visualization. Special attention is paid to the potential advantages of the system, such as improving the accuracy and efficiency of detecting changes in forests. Possible problems and limitations in the implementation of the system are considered, including dependence on the quality of satellite images, requirements for computing resources and legal aspects. The proposed system has the potential to significantly improve the monitoring of forest resources, contributing to their conservation and sustainable use in the context of global climate change.
Document management system for enhancing efficiency in the logging industry
Authors: Khudyakova Elena , Tynchenko Vadim , Glinscaya Anna , Kukartseva Svetlana , Vodyannikov Vladimir
Published: November 2024

AIS EDiSZ includes electronic document management, an electronic map and an electronic schedule, which reduces equipment downtime, improves navigation and simplifies the receipt of tasks by employees. The introduction of AIS EDiSZ not only solves current problems, but also creates the basis for further digitalization of the industry, increasing the efficiency of enterprises and opening up opportunities for the introduction of innovative technologies. The study concludes with the design of the implementation of the system in the enterprise. The result of the work is the introduction of an automated information system for electronic document management and communication (AIS EDiSZ) to solve the problems of logging enterprises associated with unreliable document management and employee navigation.
Assessment of the economic efficiency of the quartz treatment before the transportation melon products
Authors: Tursunkhodjaeva Rashida , Rustamov Nassim
Published: November 2024

In the conditions of modern industry, an important task is to increase the economic efficiency of technological processes at all stages of production and transportation of products. In this paper, we consider the quartz treatment process used for pretreatment of polymer products before their transportation. The main objective of the study is to assess the economic feasibility of this process, taking into account its impact on product quality, reducing the risk of contamination, and extending the shelf life of materials. The analysis includes an estimate of the cost of quartz treatment and a comparison with possible losses associated with deterioration of product quality in the absence of this procedure. Important attention is paid to the impact of the process on reducing the costs associated with complaints and product returns, as well as on reducing production and logistics losses. Various methods of quartz treatment and their economic efficiency are considered depending on the types of polymers and transportation conditions. The results of the study show that the process of quartz formation, with proper organization and application of optimal technologies, can significantly increase the profitability of transportation of poly-products. The economic evaluation of the quartz coating process demonstrates its positive impact on reducing costs and improving the overall efficiency of the production chain.
Methodology for assessing the quality of work on removing trees and shrubs
Authors: Platonov Alexey , Platonova Marina
Published: November 2024

When carrying out work on the proper maintenance of a number of linear infrastructure facilities, the problem of assessing the quality of work performed to remove unwanted trees and shrubs from the territories of these facilities remains relevant. Given that the quality of these works is often assessed only by considering the regulatory and technical documents accompanying the work, the purpose of the research was to develop a methodology for assessing the quality and effectiveness of work to remove unwanted trees and shrubs from the territories of linear infrastructure facilities with the justification of the criteria for this assessment. The developed methodology was based on the principle of analyzing data on the normative and actual degree of overgrowth of the studied territories, which is implemented by carrying out their taxation survey. The methodology developed by the authors of the study provides a program and implementation of a set of organizational and technological issues to identify the characteristics of unwanted vegetation, and also determines the scope and content of the scale of criteria for assessing the quality of measures taken to remove unwanted vegetation from the territories of linear infrastructure facilities.