bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manejo activo del trabajo de parto y su relación con la morbilidad materno perinatal. Revisión Servicio Clínica El Rosario y Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana - Medellín, Antioquia Agosto 2001 - Agosto 2002
Authors: Echavarría Restrepo Luis Guillermo , Campo Campo María Nazareth , Gómez Mejía Ana Cecilia
Published: April 2020

El manejo activo del trabajo del parto parece ser una opción válida en nuestro medio para obtener buenos resultados en la atención de pacientes obstétricas. Se define como manejo activo de parto aquel en el cual el obstetra toma un papel activo, conductor y acompañante de la paciente gestante en trabajo de parto.El requisito básico para ingresar la paciente en el manejo activo es que esté en un verdadero trabajo de parto, en fase inicial o avanzada. Los componentes del manejo activo son:1. Ingreso de la paciente; requisitos mínimos: inicio de trabajo de parto (tres contracciones en diez minutos) y/o dilatación cervical igual o mayor a 3 cm.2. Analgesia para el trabajo de parto.3. Ruptura temprana de membranas, siempre y cuando esté en trabajo de parto verdadero.4. Dosis adecuadas de oxitocina, que conserve un patrón contráctil fisiológico.5. Vigilancia estricta de la paciente. 1,2El manejo activo del trabajo de parto ha demostrado sus bondades en los resultados materno y perinatales, tales como la disminución de la hemorragia posparto, el acortamiento de la duración del trabajo de parto, el acompañamiento efectivo del equipo de salud a la gestante, el alivio del dolor y de manera indirecta, la disminución de la tasa de cesáreas, cuando esta se realiza, justifica su causa con más precisión.Se realizó un trabajo descriptivo retrospectivo mediante la revisión de las historias clínicas de 405 pacientes pertenecientes a una empresa promotora de salud atendidas de parto en la clínica El Rosario (un centro hospitalario con capacidad de resolución de los tres niveles de atención) durante el período agosto 2001 - agosto 2002, y que cumplían con los criterios de manejo activo.Se encontró que el 77% de las pacientes estaba entre los 18 - 35 años y el 45% era primigestante. Las complicaciones hemorrágicas se presentaron sólo en el 1,4% de las pacientes y el porcentaje de cesáreas fue del 24,3%. Se obtuvo una duración del trabajo del parto menor a seis horas en el 84,6% de las pacientes y se disminuyó la duración principalmente en primigestantes en más del 30% de su tiempo, sin encontrar resultados adversos perinatales inmediatos.Este trabajo descriptivo retrospectivo nos abre la posibilidad de plantear estudios con características epidemiológicas más detalladas que convaliden los hallazgos en nuestro medio y nos permita recomendar este manejo con el reconocimiento de la medicina basada en la evidencia.
Validation of the Model of Elastoplastic Contact of Spiroid Gears
Authors: Sannikov А.М.
Published: April 2020

The paper considers the problem of analyzing the elastoplastic contact of teeth in a heavy-loaded low-speed multi-pair spiroid gear. This problem is an integral part of the strength analysis that enables forecasting the load-carrying capacity of the product at the initial stage of its development. The relevance of the considered method and algorithm of calculating the load distribution and plastic strain of teeth is emphasized by its increased productive efficiency as compared to the widely used finite element method. The paper considers a common issue of validation of the developed algorithm, i.e. the correspondence of the obtained solution to the results of a real loading process. The main steps of the algorithm are given with account of the multi-pair contact and macro-roughnesses on the contact flanks that are represented as the set of areas (cells). The coordinates of the cell centers are calculated taking account of the factors influencing the load distribution in the spiroid gearing, such as manufacturing and/or assembly errors, surface micro- and macro-roughnesses, and deformations of the gearbox parts. To validate the algorithm, only one dominating factor — the gearwheel surface undulation — is chosen, since all the other factors are negligibly small. The object of the study is a gear in one of the mass-produced multi-turn spiroid gearboxes for pipeline valves. The criteria for the algorithm validation are formulated, namely, the plastic strain value, the area, shape and arrangement of the pattern of the plastic strain. By analyzing the results of numerical and experimental modeling it is possible to draw a conclusion on the validity of the results obtained by means of the studied numerical method of analysis. The divergence of the plastic strain value obtained experimentally and through calculation was under 10%, and the area of the plastic strain pattern was under 10%.
To Mel Watkins
Authors: Rein Sandra
Published: April 2020

Remembering Mel Watkins
A PERCEPÇÃO DA ALTA GESTÃO SOBRE AS PRINCIPAIS BARREIRAS À EXECUÇÃO DA ESTRATÉGIA EMPRESARIAL
Authors: Padilha Pablo , Câmara Samuel Façanha , Lima Brenno Buarque de
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo identificar as barreiras à execução da estratégia em uma organização. O estudo classifica-se como exploratório e descritivo de natureza aplicada pelo método quantitativo, com utilização da técnica de levantamento (survey) transversal, tendo como universo da pesquisa empresas brasileiras que possuem faturamento superior a R$ 120 milhões por ano. A população do estudo foi constituída somente pela alta gerência. A principal contribuição ensejada pelo estudo é apontar a falta de uma estratégia clara, dificultando a implementação e execução nas organizações, bem como a dificuldade de se identificar prioridades de acordo com a estratégia traçada.
DESAFIOS DO RESIDÊNCIA PEDAGÓGICA NA EDUCAÇÃO PARA JOVENS E ADULTOS (EJA)
Authors: Cardoso Gonçalves Larissa , Seibert Carla Simone , Lopes da Silva Juliana , Almeida da Silva Mauricio , Miranda da Silva Luziane , Fabbrin Pires Oliveira Oliveira Etiene
Published: April 2020

O Programa Residência Pedagógica foi desenvolvido com o intuito de aproximar os acadêmicos do ambiente escolar e estreitar os laços entre comunidade escolar e universidade. Por ser uma espécie de estágio, o Programa dá ao acadêmico a oportunidade de praticar a teoria outrora aprendida nas disciplinas acadêmicas. Na Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT) os residentes desenvolveram atividades no grupo de Biologia, em duas escolas do município de Porto Nacional, Tocantins. O programa foi executado em diferentes modalidades de ensino, no Ensino para Jovens e Adultos (EJA), propiciando a ampliação do conhecimento acadêmico sobre seu funcionamento e estrutura escolar.
RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA NA RESIDÊNCIA PEDAGÓGICA EM FÍSICA EM UMA ESCOLA REGULAR DO TOCANTINS
Authors: Anna Karollyni Lopes Sousa  , Maria Flavienne Araujo Reis  , Érica Cupertino Gomes  , Edgar Duarte da Silva
Published: April 2020

A Residência Pedagógica é um programa que visa, dentre outros objetivos, o aperfeiçoamento da formação pedagógica dos discentes de cursos de licenciatura (Capes, 2018). O artgo trata-se de um relato de experiência de abordagem crítico-reflexiva sobre partes da vivência de residentes no programa RP. A residência foi realizada no Ensino Médio regular, em turmas de 1ª a 3ª séries, entre agosto de 2018 e janeiro de 2020.
RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA: ATUAÇÃO DA RESIDÊNCIA PEDAGÓGICA EM UM INSTITUTO FEDERAL
Authors: Costa da Silva João Marcos , Cupertino Gomes Érica
Published: April 2020

Dossiê da RP/UFT
HORTA NO ESPAÇO ESCOLAR: PRÁTICAS PARA A ALIMENTAÇÃO SAUDÁVEL E CONSERVAÇÃO AMBIENTAL, NO COLÉGIO ESTADUAL JARDIM PAULISTA EM ARAGUAÍNA-TO
Authors: Duarte Queiroz Antonia Marcia , Barbosa Daniela Mendes , Pires Karoline , Costa Leandra Belarmino da Costa , Soares Amadeus Viera Soares
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho faz parte dossiê temático associado ao II Seminário da RP/UFT, com o tema: “Formação e prática docente – concepções, trajetórias e desafios da Residência Pedagógica da UFT".
CAMINHOS PARA UNIVERSIDADE
Authors: Duarte Queiroz Antonia Marcia , Reis Elton Batista , Fragoso Cilicia Coelho Fragoso , Marinho Euclides Pereira Marinho , Soares Amadeus Viera
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho faz parte dossiê temático associado ao II Seminário da RP/UFT, com o tema: “Formação e prática docente – concepções, trajetórias e desafios da Residência Pedagógica da UFT".
ATUALIDADES DA FARMACOTERAPIA DA COVID-19
Authors: Braz Duarte Djane , Jorge Coelho Larissa , Nobre L. do Nascimento Guilherme
Published: April 2020

Em dezembro de 2019 foi anunciado o aparecimento de um novo coronavírus, denominado de SARS-CoV-2, responsável por uma pandemia decretada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) em março de 2020. Além da busca por novas moléculas, diferentes fármacos que já estavam em estudos para outras infecções passaram a ser avaliados como alternativa terapêutica para este novo vírus. As pesquisas clínicas atuais compreendem o uso de fármacos anti-maláricos, antivirais, antiparasitários e imunomoduladores. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é discutir fármacos disponíveis para um possível tratamento da COVID-19.
An Integrative View on Entropic Measures Applied to the Nervous System
Authors: Diego Mateos M. , Perez Velazquez Jose Luis
Published: April 2020

In the same manner that there are several statements of the second law of thermodynamics but all of them are equivalent, it is possible that most of the entropic methods applied to the nervous system and brain in particular share a similar outcome, or essence, that help understand some aspects of the structure of cognition. In this short review focused on certain aspects of the entropic metrics some results are examined that indicate the fundamental importance of the natural tendency towards a maximal energy distribution for brain activity to be optimal and thus cognition to emerge.
Some Findings on Genes over SARS-CoV2 Genomes
Authors: Hassan Sk Sarif , Moitra Atanu , Pal Choudhury Pabitra , Pramanik Prasanta , Jana Siddhartha
Published: April 2020

Coronaviruses are a large family of RNA viruses which cause respiratory infections ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19. This article highlights some key findings based on a thorough scanning of genes of 470 SARS-CoV2 genomes, including the co-presence of ORF7a and ORF8 over the 251 SARS-CoV2 genomes and the absence of the gene ORF7b over the 219 SARS-CoV2 genomes collected from various countries including India.
Introducing the Q-strip to Quantitatively Measure Nocturnal Perspiration as a Parameter and Predictor: A Review of Literature
Authors: Jolink Kasper , Bedrosian Loussi
Published: April 2020

One third of a person’s life is spent on sleep, therefore the quality and habit of sleep affects health. A single case study indicated that perspiration could serve as a prognostic marker. Diagnosing nocturnal perspiration is common clinical practice, since this serves as a major symptom in many pathologies. Till this day no specific evidence-based approach for diagnosing nocturnal perspiration exists. By introducing the Q-strip, a device which quantitatively measures nocturnal perspiration, this could be acquired. The Q-strip could serve a purpose in diagnosing nocturnal perspiration more efficient without being intrusive. In addition to its health sensing potentials, the Q-strip makes it possible to visualise perspiration patterns. This introduces the possibility to examine the quality of sleep. Future research is recommended to investigate this.
Development of Fortified Citrus Olive Oils: From Their Production to the Nutraceutical Properties on the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Flori Lorenzo , Macaluso Monica , Taglieri Isabella , Sanmartin Chiara , Sgherri Cristina , De Leo Marinella , Ciccone Valerio , Donnini Sandra , Venturi Francesca , Pistelli Luisa , Martelli Alma , Calderone Vincenzo , Testai Lara , Zinnai Angela
Published: April 2020

Recently the use of food by products as natural sources of biologically active substances has been extensively investigated especially for the development of functional foods fortified with natural antioxidants. Due to their content of bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids, flavonoids and limonoids, Citrus peels could be suitable to formulate enriched olive oils able to boost a healthy nutrition. The aim of this study was: (i) to determine the compositional and sensory profiles of the Citrus olive oil and (ii) to evaluate its nutraceutical properties in rats with high fat diet-induced-metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress. The results obtained show the potential of using the Citrus peels as a source of bioactive compounds to improve the sensory profile as well as the phytochemical composition of olive oil. We demonstrated that the production system of C. aurantium olive oil and C. limon olive oil improves their organoleptic properties without altering their beneficial effects, which, like control extra virgin olive oil, showed protective effects on glucose and serum lipid levels, metabolic activity of adipocytes, myocardial tissue functionality, oxidative stress markers and endothelial function at blood vessel level.
Taste Cell Is Abundant in the Expression of ACE2 Receptor of 2019-nCoV
Authors: Han Qi , Peng Jiakuan , Xu Hao , Chen Qianming
Published: April 2020

The infected and fatal cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) keep increasing around the world, to explore the infection routes and pathogenesis of 2019-nCoV could be meaningful for prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Previous studies showed that the oral cavity is at potentially high risk of 2019-nCoV infection. The ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV was reported could express on oral epithelium and salivary glands, and 2019-nCoV could be detected in patients’ saliva. Recently, the amblygeustia were found to widely exist in the COVID-19 patients. To explore the potential mechanism of amblygeustia, we performed further analysis via independent in-house single-cell profiles. Our results showed that ACE2 was inclined to express in taste cells, which indicated that 2019-nCoV may invade into taste cells at the early stage of COVID-19, and lead to the amblygeustia of patients. Above findings about the 2019-nCoV and COVID-19 in oral cavity are valuable and enlightening for future epidemic prevention strategy.
Phylogenetic Affinity and Genome Structure Features of ctxAB– tcpA+ Vibrio cholerae from the Surface Waterbodies in the Territory that is Non-Endemic as Regards Cholera
Authors: Mironova L. V. , Bochalgin N. O. , Gladkikh A. S. , Feranchuk S. I. , Ponomareva A. S. , Balakhonov S. V.
Published: April 2020

Objectiveis analyzing the origin of the ctxAB–tcpA+Vibrio cholerae О1 El Tor strains isolated from the surface water bodies in the territory that is non-endemic of cholera; as well as investigating their phylogenetic relations to varying by epidemic significance groups of strains, based on the structure of housekeeping genes and whole genome structure.Materials and methods: we examined 25 V. cholerae strains, isolated in Siberia and Far East, including two ctxAB–tcpA+strains from surface water sources (Altai Territory, 2011; Khabarovsk Territory, 2013). Phylogenetic analysis included genomes of 36 V. cholerae strains from GenBank. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was carried out based on dnaE, cat, lap, pgm, recA, gyrB, and chi genes; in silico MLST – adk, gyrB, metE, mdh, pntA, purM and pyrC genes. Reconstruction of phylogeny was performed based on the comparative analysis of core genome SNPs in PhyML 3.0.Results and discussion.MLST of ctxAB–tcpA+V. cholerae О1 El Tor strains from the surface water bodies revealed that such strains form an individual genotype in the cluster of toxigenic strains and spontaneous mutants of toxigenic strains. According to results of in silico MLST, ctxAB–tcpA+isolates belong to SТ75, common to US Gulf phylogenetic line. Based on SNP-typing, ctxAB–tcpA+strains from the surface water sources were assigned to the group, originating from US Gulf V. cholerae, moreover isolate from Khabarovsk (2013) demonstrated high degree of genome homology with US Gulf-like strain from China (2009). For strains from Khabarovsk and China, we also showed the compositional identity of the pathogenicity island VPI-I and the presence of pandemicity island, VSP-1. The results testify to the fact that ctxAB–tcpA+V. cholerae strains, isolated in Siberia and Far East, originate from the US Gulf phylogenetic line. Furthermore, taking into account the results of epidemiological analysis, we can deduce that these strains are imported ones.
Epidemiological Features of New Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19). Communication 1: Modes of Implementation of Preventive and Anti-Epidemic Measures
Authors: Kutyrev V. V. , Popova A. Yu. , Smolensky V. Yu. , Ezhlova E. B. , Demina Yu. V. , Safronov V. A. , Karnaukhov I. G. , Ivanova A V. , Shcherbakova S. A.
Published: April 2020

The review analyses the information on the epidemiological situation on COVID-19 around the world. Presented is the assessment of the major epidemiological parameters (basic reproductive rate, lethality, incubation period, and serial interval). Demonstrated is the share of severe cases among different age groups and the general structure of incidence by the severity of clinical course. The paper provides the classification of response models internationally depending upon the complex of measures undertaken at different stages of epidemic process. Reviewed are the key response actions to control the COVID-19 transmission in different countries of the world and the Russian Federation and given is the assessment of their effectiveness.
Caracterización de las perspectivas de estudiantes de educación media del Colegio Rafael Bernal Jiménez I.E.D. hacia las TA
Authors: Gallo-Ramirez Jhon Alexander , Mangua-Guamialamag Leidy Laura , Ortegon M. Jhonny A. , Castro-Pineda Luis Alberto
Published: April 2020

El propósito del presente artículo es caracterizar las perspectivas de estudiantes de educación media hacia las tecnologías para el aprendizaje y el conocimiento —TAC—, en particular, los software educativos en química. Esta caracterización parte de una triangulación de información entre el proyecto educativo institucional del colegio Rafael Bernal Jiménez I.E.D. y datos recogidos mediante tres técnicas cualitativas diferentes. Entre los hallazgos se destaca una ruptura entre el uso eficiente de las TAC en los escenarios educativos, en concreto en la enseñanza/aprendizaje de la química, y una adecuada alfabetización tecnológica. Este hecho limita la tecnología educativa a un factor de motivación que permite salir de la rutina sin lograr nuevos conocimientos significativos. Además, se describen las características generales de las TAC en cuanto al diseño, la construcción y los periféricos que respondan al sentir del estudiante y no a las dinámicas comerciales de consumo. Finalmente, en cuanto a los softwares educativos, se debe destacar que su diseño y construcción debe partir del sentir de los estudiantes, reconociendo las particularidades y necesidades de su contexto con criterios de validación y aprobación adecuados para ellos, aspecto poco utilizado en las TAC, pues estas dejan de lado la posición de los estudiantes, a quienes, se supone, están dirigidos, así como la posibilidad por parte del docente de modificar algún criterio del software a fin de adecuarlos a la estrategia didáctica.
Counterbalancing the time-dependence effect on the Human Mitochondrial DNA Molecular Clock
Authors: Cabrera Vicente M
Published: April 2020

Background: The molecular clock is an important genetic tool to estimate evolutionary timescales. However, the detection of a time dependency effect on the substitution rate estimates is complicating its application. It has been suggested that demographic processes could be the main cause of this confounding effect. In the present study I propose a new algorithm to estimate the coalescent age of phylogenetically related sequences, taking into account the observed time dependency effect on the molecular rate detected by others. Results: Applying this method to real human mitochondrial DNA trees, with shallow and deep topologies, I have obtained significantly older molecular ages for the main events of human evolution than in previous estimates. These ages are in close agreement with the most recent archaeological and paleontological records that are in favor of an emergence of early anatomically modern humans in Africa at 315 ± 34 thousand years ago and the presence of recent modern humans out of Africa as early as 174 ± 48 thousand years ago. Furthermore, in the implementation process, we demonstrated that in a population with fluctuating sizes, the probability of fixation of a new neutral mutant depends on the effective population size which is more in accordance with the fact that, under the neutral theory of molecular evolution, the fate of a molecular mutation is mainly determined by random drift. Conclusions: I suggest that the demographic history of populations has a more decisive effect than purifying selection and/or mutational saturation on the time dependence effect observed for the substitution rate and propose a new method that corrects for this effect.
Pattern and Timing of Diversification in the African Freshwater Fish Genus Distichodus (Characiformes: Distichodontidae)
Authors: Arroyave Jairo , Denton John S. S. , Stiassny Melanie L. J.
Published: April 2020

Background : Distichodus is a clade of tropical freshwater fishes currently comprising 25 named species distributed continent-wide throughout the Nilo-Sudan and most Sub-Saharan drainages. This study investigates the phylogenetic relationships, timing of diversification, and biogeographic history of the genus from a taxonomically comprehensive mutilocus dataset analyzed using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods of phylogenetic inference, coalescence-based species-tree estimation, divergence time estimation, and inference of geographic range evolution. Results: Analyses of comparative DNA sequence data in a phylogenetic context reveal the existence of two major clades of similar species-level diversity and provide support for the monophyletic status of most sampled species. Biogeographic reconstruction on a time-scaled phylogeny suggest that the origins of the genus date back to the late Oligocene and that current geographic distributions are the result of a Congo Basin origin followed by dispersal and range expansion into adjacent ichthyofaunal provinces at different times during the evolutionary history of the group. Conclusions : We present the most comprehensive phylogenetic, chronological, and biogeographic treatment yet conducted for the genus. The few instances of species paraphyly ( D. teugelsi, D. fasciolatus ) revealed by the resulting phylogenies are likely a consequence of post-divergence introgressive hybridization and/or incomplete lineage sorting due to recent speciation. Historical biogeographic findings are both in agreement and conflict with previous studies of other continent-wide African freshwater fish genera, suggesting a complex scenario for the assemblage of Africa’s continental ichthyofaunal communities.
Association between rural-to-urban migration and the cognitive aging trajectories of older Chinese adults: results from a prospective cohort analysis
Authors: Xie Jinzhao , Liao Jing , Zhang Jing , Gu Jing
Published: April 2020

Background: Increasingly, older Chinese adults from rural areas are moving to urban areas to live with their children who have already migrated to these areas. However, few studies have examined this pattern of migration and its effects on cognitive function. We aimed to investigate the association between domestic rural-to-urban migration and the trajectories of cognitive function in older Chinese adults, as well as the factors contributing to these association.Methods: Data for this study were drawn from three waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Migrants were defined as participants who had rural hukou status (under China’s household registration system) but resided in an urban area. Cognitive functions were measured using an adapted Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination. We used multilevel linear regression models to examine the association between internal migration and cognitive function trajectories.Results: The study included 3,876 Chinese adults aged ≥60 years at baseline. Compared with their rural non-migrant counterparts, migrants (n = 850) had higher levels of education and reported more interactions with family. Additionally, female migrants were more likely to participate in leisure activities. All cognitive function scores declined over time, but no significant differences were observed in rates of cognitive decline between migrants and non-migrants, regardless of sex. Female migrants exhibited significantly better performance in terms of total cognition (b = 0.77, P < .001) and mental status (b =0.68, P < .001) than female non-migrants, whereas no inter-group difference was observed regarding memory (b = 0.09, P > .05). Among the male subjects, no significant differences in cognitive function levels were observed between migrants and non-migrants. A series of adjusted models revealed that psychosocial factors such as residing with children, caring for grandchildren, depression and participation in leisure activities partly explained the association between migration and cognition in women.Conclusions: Rural-to-urban migration was positively associated with cognitive functions only in women. However, this pattern did not affect the rate of cognitive decline in either sex. Our findings indicate that interventions are warranted to increase the cognitive functions of male migrants and rural non-migrating older adults.
Depression, anxiety, and associated factors in patients with diabetes: evidence from the Anxiety, Depression, and Personality Traits in Diabetes Mellitus (ADAPT-DM) study
Authors: Woon Sy-Cherng Luke , Sidi Hatta , Ravindran Arun , Gosse Paula Junggar , Mainland Roslyn Laurie , Kaunismaa Emily Samantha , Hatta Nurul Hazwani , Arnawati Puteri , Zulkifli Amelia Yasmin , Mustafa Norlaila , Abdullah Mohammad Farris Iman Leong Bin
Published: April 2020

Background: Depression and anxiety are common psychiatric complications affecting patients with diabetes mellitus. However, data on the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and associated factors among Malaysian diabetic patients is scarce. The Anxiety, Depression, and Personality Traits in Diabetes Mellitus (ADAPT-DM) study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety, and their associated factors in the Malaysian diabetic population. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 300 diabetic patients via convenience sampling from the Endocrine outpatient clinic of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, a tertiary referral healthcare facility in Kuala Lumpur. Socio-demographic characteristics and clinical history were obtained from each participant. The Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) was administered to assess anxiety symptoms, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to assess depressive symptoms, the Big Five Inventory (BFI) to evaluate personality traits, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) to measure quality of life (QOL). Stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between various factors, and depression and anxiety. Results: The prevalence of depression was 20% (n = 60) while anxiety was 9% (n = 27). Co-morbid depression (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 9.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.63- 37.14, p = 0.001) and neuroticism (adjusted OR = 11.66, 95% CI= 2.69-50.47, p = 0.001) increased the odds of developing anxiety, while conscientiousness (adjusted OR = 0.45, 95% CI= 0.23-0.80, p = 0.004) and greater psychological-related QOL (adjusted OR = 0.47, 95% CI= 0.29-0.75, p = 0.002) were protective. Co-morbid anxiety (adjusted OR = 19.83, 95% CI = 5.63- 69.92, p < 0.001) increased the odds of depression, while older age (adjusted OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93–0.98, p = 0.002), social relationship-related QOL (adjusted OR= 0.84, 95% CI = 0.71- .0.99, p= 0.047), and physical health-related QOL (adjusted OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.58-0.83, p < 0.001) were protective. Conclusions: The study findings signify the need to screen for co-morbid depression and anxiety, as well as personality traits and QOL, and to include psychosocial interventions when planning a multidisciplinary approach to managing diabetes.
Preoperative SCC-Ag as a predictive marker for the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in cervical squamous cell carcinoma with intermediate-risk factors
Authors: Guo Hong-tao , Bi Xue-han , Lei Ting , Lv Xiao , Yao Guang , Chen Yao , Liu Chang
Published: April 2020

Background : For cervical cancer patients whose tumors display a combination of intermediate risk factors, postoperative radiation with or without adjuvant chemotherapy is suggested for them. However, who should be administered with adjuvant chemotherapy is unknown. The current study was designed to explore the clinical value of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) in guiding the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in cervical cancer patients. Methods : A retrospective study of 301 cervical cancer patients treated by surgery and adjuvant treatment from March 2006 to March 2016 was performed. All patients were divided into two groups according to receiving adjuvant chemotherapy or not. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) were compare between patients who did and did not receive adjuvant radiotherapy. Multivariate analysis was employed to detect clinical factors associated with disease-free survival, local recurrence-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival. Results: For patients with high pre-treatment SCC-Ag level, DFS and OS in adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy group were higher than that in adjuvant radiotherapy group. Besides, the rates of distant metastasis were found lower in patients who did receive adjuvant chemotherapy than those who did not. For patients with low pre-treatment SCC-Ag level, the 5-year OS and DFS were similar between groups of adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy. Multivariable analysis indicated adjuvant chemotherapy was independent predictors of DFS and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in patients with high SCC-Ag level. Conclusion: SCC-Ag can serve as an indication for the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy in cervical cancer patients.
Predictors of physical activity in older adults early in an emergency hospital admission: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Hartley Peter , Dewitt Amanda L , Forsyth Faye , Romero-Ortuno Roman , Deaton Christi
Published: April 2020

Background: Reduced mobility may be responsible for functional decline and acute sarcopenia in older hospitalised patients. The drivers of reduced in-hospital mobility are poorly understood, especially during the early phase of acute hospitalisation. We investigated predictors of in-hospital activity during a 24-hour period in the first 48 hours of hospital admission in older adults. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a prospective repeated measures cohort study. Participants aged 75 years or older were recruited within the first 24 hours of admission. At recruitment, patients underwent a baseline assessment including measurements of pre-morbid functional mobility, cognition, frailty, falls efficacy, co-morbidity, acute illness severity, knee extension strength and grip strength, and consented to wear accelerometers to measure physical activity during the first 7 days (or until discharge if earlier). In-hospital physical activity was defined as the amount of upright time (standing or walking). To examine the predictors of physical activity, we limited the analysis to the first 24 hours of recording to maximise the sample size as due to discharge from hospital there was daily attrition. We used a best subset analysis including all baseline measures. The optimal model was defined by having the lowest Bayesian information criterion in the best-subset analyses. The model specified a maximum of 5 covariates and used an exhaustive search.Results: Seventy participants were recruited but eight were excluded from the final analysis due to lack of accelerometer data within the first 24 hours after recruitment. Patients spent a median of 0.50 hours (IQR: 0.21; 1.43) standing or walking. The optimal model selected the following covariates: functional mobility as measured by the de Morton Mobility Index and two measures of illness severity, the National Early Warning Score, and serum C-reactive protein.Conclusions: Physical activity, particularly in the acute phase of hospitalisation, is very low in older adults. The association between illness severity and physical activity may be explained by symptoms of acute illness being barriers to activity. Interdisciplinary approaches are required to identify early mobilisation opportunities.
A Proposed Severity Classification of Borderline Symptoms Using the Borderline Symptom List (BSL-23)
Authors: Kleindienst Nikolaus , Jungkunz Martin , Bohus Martin
Published: April 2020

Background The Borderline Symptom List (BSL-23) is a well-established self-rating instrument to assess the severity of borderline typical psychopathology. However, a classification of severity levels for the BSL-23 is missing. Methods Data from 1.090 adults were used to develop a severity classification for the Borderline Symptom List (BSL-23). The severity grading was based on the distribution of the BSL-23 in 241 individuals with a diagnosis of BPD. Data from three independent samples were used to validate the previously defined severity grades. These validation samples included a group of treatment seeking patients with a diagnosis of BPD (n=317), a sample of individuals with mental illnesses other than BPD (n=176), and a healthy control sample (n=356). The severity grades were validated from comparisons with established assessment instruments such as the International Personality Disorders Examination, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, the global severity index of the Symptom Checklist (GSI, SCL-90), the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II).Results Six grades of symptom severity were defined for the BSL-23 mean score: none or low: 0-0.3; mild: 0.3-0.7; moderate: 0.7-1.7; high: 1.7-2.7; very high: 2.7-3.5; and extremely high: 3.5-4. These grades received consistent empirical support from the independent instruments and samples. For instance, individuals with a severity grade of none or low were virtually free from diagnostic BPD-criteria, had a GSI below the normative population, and a high level of global functioning corresponding to few or no symptoms. Severity grades indicating high to extremely high levels of BPD symptoms were observed at a much higher rate in treatment-seeking patients (70.0%) than in clinical controls (17.6%) and healthy controls (0.0%). The BSL-23 score that best separated treatment-seeking BPD patients and clinical controls was 1.50, whereas the clearest discrimination of BPD patients and healthy controls was found at a score of 0.64.Conclusions The grades of BPD-specific symptom severity derived from the distribution of the BSL-23 scores received consistent empirical validation from established assessments for psychopathology. Future studies should expand this validation by including additional instruments e.g., to assess self-esteem, loneliness, connectedness, and quality of life.
Changes in community mental health services availability and suicide mortality in the US: A retrospective study
Authors: Hung Peiyin , Busch Susan , Shih Yi-Wen , McGregor Alecia , Wang Shi-Yi
Published: April 2020

Background: Despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of mental health services are delivered in outpatient settings, the effect of changes in non-hospital-based mental health care on increased suicide rates is largely unknown. This study examines the association between changes in community mental health center (CMHC) supply and suicide mortality in the United States.Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed using data from National Mental Health Services Survey (N-MHSS) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) (2014-2017). Population-weighted multiple linear regressions were used to examine within-state associations between CMHCs per capita and suicide mortality. Models controlled for state-level characteristics (i.e., number of hospital psychiatric units per capita, number of mental health professionals per capita, age, race, and percent low-income), year and state.Results: From 2014 to 2017, the number of CMHCs decreased by 14% nationally (from 3,406 to 2,920). Suicide increased by 9.7% (from 15.4 to 16.9 per 100,000) in the same time period. We find a small but negative association between the number of CMHCs and suicide deaths (-0.52, 95% CI -1.08 to 0.03; p=0.066). Declines in the number of CMHCs from 2014 to 2017 may be associated with approximately 6% of the national increase in suicide, representing 263 additional suicide deaths. Conclusions: State governments should avoid the declining number of CMHCs and the services these facilities provide, which may be an important component of suicide prevention efforts.
Childhood Socioeconomic Status, Comorbidity of Chronic Kidney Disease Risk Factors, and Kidney Function Among Adults in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Study
Authors: Surachman Agus , Daw Jonathan , Bray Bethany , Alexander Lacy , Coe Christopher , Almeida David M.
Published: April 2020

Background: There is a lack of empirical effort that systematically investigates the clustering of comorbidity among known risk factors (obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and elevated inflammation) of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and how different types of comorbidity may link differently to kidney function among healthy adult samples. This study modeled the clustering of comorbidity among risk factors, examined the association between the clustering of risk factors and kidney function, and tested whether the clustering of risk factors was associated with childhood SES.Methods: The data were from 2,118 participants (ages 25-84) in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Study. Risk factors included obesity, elevated blood pressure (BP), high total cholesterol levels, poor glucose control, and increased inflammatory activity. Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated from serum creatinine, calculated with the CKD-EPI formula. The clustering of comorbidity among risk factors and its association with kidney function and childhood SES were examined using latent class analysis (LCA).Results: A five-class model was optimal: (1) Low Risk (class size = 36.40%; low probability of all risk factors), (2) Obese (16.42%; high probability of large BMI and abdominally obese), (3) Obese and Elevated BP (13.37%; high probability of being obese and having elevated BP), (4) Non-Obese but Elevated BP (14.95%; high probability of having elevated BP, hypercholesterolemia, and elevated inflammation), and (5) High Risk (18.86%; high probability for all risk factors). Obesity was associated with kidney hyperfiltration, while comorbidity between obesity and hypertension was linked to compromised kidney filtration. As expected, the High Risk class showed the highest probability of having eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (P = .12; 95%CI = .09 - .17). Finally, low childhood SES, controlling for education, adult SES, age, gender, and race, was associated with a higher probability of being in the High Risk rather than the Low Risk class (b = -0.20, SE = 0.07, OR [95%CI] = 0.82 [0.71-0.95]).Conclusion: These results highlight the importance of considering the impact of childhood SES on risk factors known to be associated with chronic kidney disease.
COVID-19: Are you ready to seek psychological help during home quarantine?
Authors: Zhang Hui , Su Hong , Wang Dongxue , Wang Lining , Cai Yunjiang , Zhou Yuqiu
Published: April 2020

Background: Since December 2019, an increasing number of cases named Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been identified in Wuhan, China. It has widely and rapidly spread in China and several other countries. The public experienced mental health problems during home quarantine.Methods：From Feb 17 to 20, 2020, a questionnaire star survey was used to evaluate the psychological distress / psychological help-seeking attitudes and behavior of 3,248 people over 18 years old who were quarantined at home, all the subjects filled out the questionnaires, including general information questionnaire, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10),Attitudes Toward Seeking Mental Health and Psychological help-seeking behavior items.Results:3,248 individuals were enrolled, and the score of psychological distress scale was 15·93±6·99, the score of psychological help seeking was 82·34 ±13·04. Among the socio-economic factors, age was positively associated with the psychological distress(t=5·60,P<0·05) and attitudes toward seeking mental health(t=-3·380,P<0·05); the level of income were negatively associated with psychological distress(t=-2·609,P<0·05) and attitudes toward seeking mental health(t=-2·762,P<0·05); occupation were negatively associated with the level of psychological distress(t=-2·842,P<0·05); gender and the level of education were positively associated with the level of attitudes toward seeking mental health(t=6·355,P<0·05;t=3·780,P<0·05); marital status were negatively associated with the level of attitudes toward seeking mental health(t=-3·455,P<0·05).Conclusions: Widowed, rural residents, people with low level of education and economic income should be the focus of COVID-19’s mental health maintenance, and making good use of media and internet tools to strengthen publicity is one of the key points of current prevention and control.
Reactional Ultrasonic Systems And Microwave Irradiation For Pretreatment Of Agro-Industrial Waste To Increase Enzymatic Activity
Authors: Czapela Fabiane Fernanda , Kubeneck Simone , Preczeski Karina Paula , Dalastra Caroline , Scapini Thamarys , Bonatto Charline , Stefanski Fábio Spitza , Camargo Aline Frumi , Zanivan Jessica , Mossi Altemir José , Fongaro Gislaine , Treichel Helen
Published: April 2020

Keratinous residues are generated in large quantities in industrial processes and because of this they are difficult to manage because the presence of keratin. Keratinases are emerging as promising alternatives in technological processes. The objective of this work was to determine the potential of pretreatment of agro-industrial residues using an ultrasonic probe, and to evaluate activity enhancement strategies by analyzing the behavior of enzymatic activity of keratinases exposed to various reaction systems as well as to enzymatic concentration. We tested the application of enzymatic extracts in the degradation of keratinous residues. Submerged fermentation was performed with swine hair pretreated with and without ultrasonic probe. The enzymatic extracts were exposed to reaction systems and the enzymatic concentration technique to measure the increments of enzymatic activity. We found that the ultrasonic probe increased reaction rates, enabling higher enzyme production in shorter time periods. The ultrasonic probe reached 38.4% of relative activity and the enzyme concentration, increased the enzymatic activity in 53.5%. We observed potential degradation of chicken feathers with homemade enzyme extracts. Taken together, our findings suggest that the results obtained in this work are promising, despite the fact that the data in this area are scarce.
Efficacy of Body Armor in Protection against Blast Injuries using a Swine Model in a Confined Space with a Blast Tube
Authors: Sekine Yasumasa , Saitoh Daizoh , Yoshimura Yuya , Fujita Masanori , Araki Yoshiyuki , Kobayashi Yasushi , Kusumi Hitomi , Yamagishi Satomi , Suto Yuki , Tamaki Hiroshi , Ono Yosuke , Mizukaki Toshiharu , Nemoto Manabu
Published: April 2020

Background
Regarding blast injuries, fatal damage leading to immediate death is considered due to shock-lung, respiratory arrest, or circulatory failure induced by a neurological reflex, such as the severe vagal nerve reflex. It has not yet been determined whether a bulletproof vest protects against or aggravates shock-lung or the neurological reflexes considered to be fatal in the super-acute phase after an explosion.
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to clarify whether a bulletproof vest would protect the body in a pig blast model using a blast tube built at National Defense Medical College, which is the first such blast tube in Japan.
Methods
Seventeen pigs were divided into two groups: the body armor group (n = 6) and the non-body armor group (n = 11). Pigs underwent tracheal intubation with IV and A lines were secured to measure vital signs were checked and collect blood samples. Then, under intravenous anesthesia, the pigs were tightly fixed in the left lateral position on a table and exposed from the back neck to the upper lumbar back to the blast wave and wind with or without body armor, with the driving pressure of the blast tube set to 3.0 MPa. We checked the vital signs, collected blood samples, and observed the pigs for 3 hours after injury.
Results
When the surviving and dead pigs were compared, blood gas analyses revealed significant differences in PaO2, PaCO2, and pH in the super-early phase. In addition, all pigs injured by the blast wave and wind had lung hemorrhage, and 14 of 17 pigs had intra-abdominal hemorrhage with splenic injury. All 6 animals in the body armor group and 6 of the 11 animals in the control group survived for 3 hours after injury. Respiratory arrest immediately after exposure to the blast wave and wind was considered to influence the outcome in our pig model.
Conclusions
Respiratory arrest within several minutes after injury influenced the mortality of pigs. Body armor may have the beneficial effect in protecting against respiratory arrest immediately after an explosion.
Assessing the Digital Economy: Aims, Frameworks, Pilots, Results and Lessons
Authors: Hanna Nagy K.
Published: April 2020

The article discusses the motivations for a holistic assessment of the digital economy. It outlines the pilot assessment program initiated by the World Bank Group and describes the assessment frameworks, tools and processes deployed in selected pilot countries. It identifies the common challenges faced and lessons learned from applying these assessments in different contexts. These challenges include: prioritizing digital diagnosis objectives, addressing inequality and poverty issues, securing participation and partnership of stakeholders, addressing implementation challenges, and integrating digital transformation strategy into country development strategy. Other challenges include: harnessing digital innovation and entrepreneurship, mobilizing local demand for the new technologies, engaging business in digital diagnosis, and adopting multi-disciplinary and whole-of-society approaches. The article addresses the implications of these challenges and draws broad lessons and practical recommendations for developing countries and aid agencies.