bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APLIKASI PROSES DIGESTASI ANAEROBIK LUMPUR BIOLOGI INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI KERTAS
Authors: Soetopo Rina S. , Purwati Sri , Hardiani Henggar , Aini Mukharomah Nur , Wardhana Krisna Adhitya
Published: August 2017

A continuous pilot scale study has been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of anaerobic digestion of biological sludge. The sludge has a total solid content of 0.53% - 1.1%, pH of 7.20 to 7.32. Its organic content is about 97 %, The research were conducted in two stages, which are acidification (performed in 3 m3 the Continously Stirred Tank Reactor/CSTR at pH of 5.5 to 6.0) and methanation (performed in 5 m3 the Up Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket/UASB reactor at pH 6.5 to 7.0). The retention time (RT) was gradually shortened from 6 days to 1 day for acidification and from 8 days to 2 days for methanation. The results showed that operating the CSTR at the RT of 1 day and the organic loading of 8.23 g Volatile Solid (VS)/m3.day could produce Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) at an average value of 17.3 g/kg VS.day. Operating the UASB reactor at the RT of 2 days and the organic loading (Chemical Oxygen Demand/COD) of 2.4 kg COD/m3.day could produce biogas at an average value of 66.3 L/day, with an average methane content of 69.9%, methane rate of 0.17 L CH4/g COD reduction or 19.06 L CH4/kg VS. Furthermore, methanation could reduce COD at an average value of 51.2 %, resulting in the effluent average value of COD filtrate and COD total of 210.1 mg/L and 375.2 mg /L, respectively.Keywords: acidification, methanation, CSTR, UASB, biogas ABSTRAKPercobaan digestasi anaerobik lumpur IPAL biologi industri kertas secara kontinyu skala pilot telah dilakukan di industri kertas dengan tujuan mengkaji efektivitas proses digestasi anaerobik dalam mengolah lumpur tersebut. Lumpur yang digunakan memiliki total solids sekitar 0,53% – 1,1%, pH netral (7,20 – 7,32) dengan komponen utama senyawa organik sekitar 97%. Percobaan dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu asidifikasi dalam reaktor CSTR berkapasitas 3 m3 pada pH 5,5 – 6,0 dan metanasi dalam reaktor UASB berkapasitas 5 m3 pada pH 6,5 – 7,0. Percobaan dilakukan dengan waktu retensi yang dipersingkat secara bertahap dari 6 hari ke 1 hari untuk proses asidifikasi dan dari 8 hari ke 2 hari untuk proses metanasi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pengoperasian reaktor CSTR dengan waktu retensi 1 hari dan beban organik 8,3 g VS/m3.hari dapat menghasilkan VFA rata-rata 17,3 g/kg VS.hari dengan kisaran 8,36 – 30,59 g/kg VS.hari, sedangkan pengoperasian reaktor UASB pada waktu retensi 2 hari dan beban organik 2,4 kg COD/m3.hari dapat menghasilkan biogas rata-rata 66,3 L/hari dengan kadar metana rata-rata 69,9% atau 0,17 L CH4/g COD reduksi atau 19,06 L CH4/kg VS. Selain itu proses metanasi dapat menurunkan COD terlarut rata-rata 51,2%, dengan konsentrasi efluen COD terlarut  rata-rata 210,1 mg/L dan COD total rata-rata 375,2 mg/L.Kata kunci: asidifikasi, metanasi, CSTR, UASB, biogas
PELET REJECT INDUSTRI KERTAS SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR BOILER
Authors: Setiawan Yusup , Purwati Sri , Surachman Aep , Wattimena Reza Bastari Imran , Hardiani Henggar
Published: August 2017

Paper mill using recycle fiber as raw material produces reject containing fiber and plastic. The reject was identified by means of sorting. Reject pellet was prepared by drying, followed by shredding, and pellets molding. It was analyzed for its proximate composition (moisture, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon). Calorific value, sulfur content, ash mineral content, and ash fusion temperatures were also tested. The results showed that reject consists of 50.75% fiber and 49.25% plastic of which is >99% High Density Polyethylene (HDPE). Reject contains a high calorific value of about 7000 cal/g which could potentially be used as fuel. Coal boiler fuel containing 5-50% reject pellet shows no indication of slagging and fouling in the boiler.Keywords: reject, pellet, coal, calorific value, fuel ABSTRAKIndustri kertas berbahan baku kertas bekas menghasilkan reject yang mengandung serat dan plastik. Reject diidentifikasi komponennya dengan cara pemilahan. Proses pembuatan pelet dari reject industri kertas terdiri dari proses pengeringan, pencacahan, dan pencetakan pelet. Pelet reject dianalisis proksimat (kadar air lembap, kadar abu, kadar zat terbang (volatile matter) dan karbon padat (fixed carbon). Nilai kalor, kadar sulfur, kadar mineral abu, dan suhu fusi abu (Ash Fusion Temperature) pelet reject juga diuji. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa komponen reject terdiri dari serat 50,75% dan plastik 49,25% dengan kandungan plastik jenis High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) lebih dari 99%. Nilai kalor pelet reject sekitar 7.000 kalori/gram. Hal ini menunjukkan potensi pelet reject sebagai bahan bakar campuran batubara. Penambahan pelet reject sebanyak 5 - 50% ke dalam batubara dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar boiler tanpa menyebabkan indikasi terjadinya slagging dan fouling di dalam boiler.Kata kunci: reject, pelet, batubara, nilai kalor, bahan bakar
Automata: Hybrid Collage Bodies
Authors: Heard Catherine
Published: August 2017

Automata is a series of collages depicting hybrid collage bodies in which anthropomorphic surrogates are simulated through the conflation of unlike parts.
cornelius and george
Authors: Marquis Judith
Published: August 2017

cornelius and george
Screen shot 23
Authors: B G
Published: August 2017

Polyglot mosaic
Untitled 2
Authors: Ament Josie
Published: August 2017

Untitled 2
Untitled Braille
Authors: Huang Jennifer
Published: August 2017

image
Braille 2
Authors: Kloostera Sonya
Published: August 2017

Braille 2
Braille 3
Authors: Kloostera Sonya
Published: August 2017

Braille 3
Klap
Authors: LaPointe Ashlin
Published: August 2017

text
Cipher
Authors: Lopez Never
Published: August 2017

artwork, braille, code
Blind
Authors: Marinko ..
Published: August 2017

image
Introduction: Stratifications
Authors: Parayre Catherine
Published: August 2017

Introduction ; projet d'écriture collective
Pour Malik Oussékine (1986)
Authors: Simiganoschi Anna
Published: August 2017

Poetry
Hansa Yellow
Authors: Parayre Catherine
Published: August 2017

Introduction to exhibition catalogue "Visual Appropriations and Rewritings" @ Rodman Hall Art Centre, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
Catalogue
Authors: Artists Multiple
Published: August 2017

Catalogue of exhibition "Visual Appropriations and Rewritings" @ Rodman Hall Art Centre, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
Hamartia
Authors: Gazzola Bart
Published: August 2017

Conclusion to exhibition "Visual Appropriations and Rewritings" @ Rodman Hall Art Centre, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
L’espace de l’écriture chez Gabrielle Roy
Authors: Doucet Virginie
Published: August 2017

Cet article s’intéressera aux différents refuges affectionnés par Gabrielle Roy et qui

auront été les plus importants dans son processus de création, en rapport avec l’espace intérieur

de l’écrivaine au moment de l’écriture.
A Financial Stress Index for Ukraine
Authors: Tyshchenko Lesia , Csajbok Atilla
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we develop a daily Financial Stress Index (FSI) for the comprehensive quantitative measurement of the degree of stress in Ukraine’s financial system. We use 14 individual indicators grouped into four sub-indices – the banking sector, corporate debt, government debt, and the foreign exchange market – to construct the FSI. The index measures the level of stress and vulnerability of the financial sector and enables to compare this level at current moment with its dynamic in the past. The FSI can signal the start of a financial crisis and can be used to assess the effectiveness of anti-crisis measures.
Physicochemical characters of oilseeds from selected mustard genotypes
Authors: Sharif RH , Paul RK , Bhattacharjya DK , Ahmed KU
Published: August 2017

To evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of oilseeds, three varieties of mustard oilseeds were studied their seed weight, moisture, ash, carbohydrate, protein, fat, total energy and minerals composition of oil and cake. Among the varieties the highest thousand grain weight was found in BARI Sarisha-17 (4.24 g) and the lowest thousand grain weight was found in BARI Sarisha-15 (3.17 g). The highest moisture content was observed from BARI Sarisha-15 (4.52%); whereas the lowest moisture content was found in BARI Sarisha-17 (4.10%). The variety BARI Sarisha-17 contained significantly highest amount of oil (41.98%) whereas the variety BARI Sarisha-16 contained lowest amount of oil (40.95%). BARI Sarisha-16 contained highest amount of ash (14.20%). Significantly highest amount of protein was obtained from BARI Sarisha-15 (28.00%) and the lowest amount of protein obtained from BARI Sarisha-17 (22.57%). BARI Sarisha-17 contained highest amount of carbohydrate (18.85%), whereas BARI Sarisha-15 contained the lowest amount of carbohydrate (13.73%). BARI Sarisha-16 contained highest amount of Ca (2.52%) and Zn (66.80%). BARI Sarisha-15 contained highest amounts Cu (13.40%) and Fe (170.30%). Mustard varieties contained erucic acid (51.35-50.67%). Highest amount of total saturated fatty acid (TSFA) contained in BARI Sarisha- 15 (9.02%) and the lowest amount contained BARI Sarisha-16 (8.28%). Highest amount of total unsaturated fatty acid (TUSFA) contained in BARI Sarisha-17 (90.26%) lowest amount contained in BARI Sarisha-16 (87.04%). The highest amount of gross energy found from BARI Sarisha-15 (543.60 kcal/g; while lowest amount of gross energy recorded from BARI Sarisha-16 (531.20 kcal/g). Highest saponification value found in BARI Sarisha-17 (159.40) and lowest saponification value was found in BARI Sarisha-15 (157.6). The result of this research work confirms the mustard varieties seed to be of good quality and can be used for food preparation. The knowledge of this study could be utilized for various food preparation and selection for breeding purpose.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(1): 27-40, January 2017
Comparative efficacy of garlic, BAU-biofungicide, Bavistin and Tilt on seed borne fungal flora in chilli
Authors: Hossen MT , Sohag MAS , Monjil MS
Published: August 2017

Efficacy of BAU-Biofungicide (3%), garlic extract (1:1), Bavistin (0.2%) and Tilt 250EC (0.2%) were evaluated against seed borne fungal pathogens of chilli collected from Lakshmonkhola, Mugarchar and Tulatuli villages under Comilla district. Four hundred seeds of each sample were tested following blotter incubation and sand culture method. Using blotter incubation method, five different seed borne fungi, namely, Colletotrichum capsici, Alternaria tenuis, Aspergillus spp, Fusarium spp, and Curvularia lunata were detected from the chilli seeds. BAU-Biofungicide (3%) and followed by garlic extracts (1:1) was found most effective among five different treatments for increasing the germination percentage as well as controlling the associated seed borne fungi in chilli seed. Highest germination percentage (89.50%) was observed in BAU-Biofungicide (3%) treated seeds. Highest reduction of Colletotrichum capsici, Alternaria tenuis, Aspergillus spp, Fusarium spp, and Curvularia lunata was observed when seeds were treated with BAU-Biofungicide (3%) and garlic extract (1:1). The highest vigour index of chilli seed collected from Lakshmomkhola, Mugarchar and Tulatuli villages were 494.56, 403.23 and 333.37, respectively was observed in BAU-Biofungicide treated seeds.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(1): 41-46, January 2017
Effect of seedbed solarization on plant growth and yield of two rice varietiesBR11 and BRRI Dhan33
Authors: Neogi MG , Uddin AKM Salah , Uddin MT , Lauren J
Published: August 2017

An experiment was carried out at RDRS Farm in Rangpur during the 2014 T. aman rice season to determine the impact of seedbed solarization on plant growth and yield of rice varieties, BR11 and BR33. Solarization was achieved by covering the seedbeds with transparent polythene sheet for four weeks prior to sowing. Seedlings of both varieties were raised on solarized and non-solarized seedbeds and later transplanted into the main field for comparison of growth and yield. Emergence, seedling height and weight, root length and weight were higher with seedlings raised on solarized seedbeds compared to seedlings from non-solarized seedbeds. Also root knot nematode galls decreased significantly on seedlings from solarized seedbeds compared to those from non-solarized seedbeds for both the varieties tested. The increase in height and weight of solarized seedlings enabled easy access for uprooting and transplanting seedlings in the main field within the recommended 20-25 days after sowing. When transplanted in untreated main fields, plants grown from the solarized seedlings of both the rice varieties had significantly less infestation of stem borer as compared to non-solarized plants. Grain yields obtained from solarized seedlings were 7% higher for BR11 and 9% higher for BR33 relative to normal seedlings.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(1): 55-59, January 2017
Effect of aeration on growth and production of fish in intensive aquaculture system in earthen ponds
Authors: Sultana T , Haque MM , Salam MA , Alam MM
Published: August 2017

An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of aeration using blower on growth and production of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in intensive aquaculture system in six (6) earthen ponds at BAU campus, Mymensingh from May to September, 2016. Treatment 1 (T1) with 3 aerated ponds and Treatment 2 (T2) with 3 non-aerated ponds were designed with similar stocking density (300/decimal) of tilapia. Oxygen supply was ensured by blower for 9 hours daily when oxygen depletion occurs in pond water. Fish growth, pond water and soil quality parameters were sampled and assessed. The DO content in the aerated ponds was higher (7.23 mg/l) from the beginning to the end of experiment compared to non-aerated ponds (2.33 mg/l). There were significant differences (p<0.05) of DO content between two treatments at first and last sampling stages. The higher length (15.64±1.56 cm) and weight gain (143.36±39.33 gm), higher SGR (% per day) for tilapia was (2.54±0.00) found in T1 compared to T2 (2.42±0.00) with significant differences (p<0.05) between two treatments. In addition, the higher production of tilapia was obtained in T1 (9581.87±0.00 kg/ha/100 days) compared to T2 (6490.80±0.00 kg/ha/100 days). The average phytoplankton production was relatively higher in T2 and conversely zooplankton abundance was higher in T1 without any significant differences (p>0.05) between the treatments for the abundances of various groups of phytoplankton and zooplankton. Different water quality parameters were found with the better range in aerated ponds. Various intrinsic relationships between DO and other water quality and weather parameters showed that DO content had negative relationships with rainfall, air pressure and humidity but the relationships were not statistically significant. Moreover, different soil quality parameters of pond sediments were found in ideal range for fish culture in both treatments. These results suggest that aeration can be a potential mechanism of aqua-farming to enhance the growth and production of tilapia and DO content in pond water synchronizing other water quality parameters in ponds.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(1): 113-122, January 2017
Time Behaviour of Helium Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Electrical and Optical Parameters
Authors: Gerber Ioana , Mihaila Ilarion , Hein Dennis , Nastuta Andrei , Jijie Roxana , Pohoata Valentin , Topala Ionut
Published: August 2017

Low temperature plasma jets gained increased interest in the last years as a potential device in many life science applications, including here human or veterinary medicine. Standardisation of plasma sources and biological protocols are necessary for quality assurance reasons, due to the fact that this type of atmospheric pressure plasma source is available in multiple configurations and their operational parameters span also on a broad range of items, such as all characteristics of high voltage pulses used for gas breakdown, geometrical characteristics, gas feed composition and conductive or biological target characteristics. In this paper we present results related to electrical, optical and molecular beam mass spectrometry diagnosis of a helium plasma jet, emphasising the influence of various operational parameters of the high voltage pulses on plasma jet properties. Discussion on physical parameters that influence the biological response is included, together with important results on plasma sources statistical behaviour until reaching a quasi-stationary working regime. The warm-up period of the plasma jet, specific to many other plasma sources, must be precisely known and specified whenever the plasma jets are used as a tool for life science applications.
Analysis of the Energy Efficiency of a Pneumatic Booster Regulator with Energy Recovery
Authors: Yang Fan , Tadano Kotaro , Li Gangyan , Kagawa Toshiharu
Published: August 2017

Pneumatic booster regulators (PBR) are in great demand in modern pneumatic systems for their energy-saving abilities. A new booster regulator with energy recovery (VBA-R) was proposed, and its energy efficiency was investigated by introducing the concept of air power. On the basis of quality-alterable gas thermodynamics, an energy efficiency assessment and pressure response model for VBA-R was proposed. First, a model was solved using MATLAB/Simulink software, and an alternative experiment was designed to verify the mathematical model and performance improvement. The results showed that the simulation was consistent with the experiment. We also can conclude that, first of all, the energy efficiency decreases with the increasing of supply pressure and flow-rate consumption; a VBA-R has the highest efficiency when its diameter ratio is closest to 1.3. Finally, a recovery chamber helped to improve the performance of the VBA-R, which included a boost ratio improvement of 15–25% and an efficiency improvement of 5–10% compared with a conventional VBA booster regulator. This research lays the foundation for optimism regarding the proposed booster regulator.
Picosecond Photoacoustic Metrology of SiO2 and LiNbO3 Layer Systems Used for High Frequency Surface-Acoustic-Wave Filters
Authors: Brick Delia , Emre Erkan , Grossmann Martin , Dekorsy Thomas , Hettich Mike
Published: August 2017

Many applications of thin films necessitate detailed information about their thicknesses and sound velocities. Here, we study SiO2/LiNbO3 layer systems by picosecond photoacoustic metrology and measure the sound velocities of the respective layers and the film thickness of SiO2, which pose crucial information for the fabrication of surface-acoustic-wave filters for communication technology. Additionally, we utilize the birefringence and the accompanying change in the detection sensitivity of coherent acoustic phonons in the LiNbO3 layer to infer information about the LiNbO3 orientation and the layer interface.
Impact of Air Temperature on London Ambulance Call-Out Incidents and Response Times
Authors: Mahmood Marliyyah , Thornes John , Pope Francis , Fisher Paul , Vardoulakis Sotiris
Published: August 2017

Ambulance services are in operation around the world and yet, until recently, ambulance data has only been used for operational purposes rather than for assessing public health. Ambulance call-out data offers new and valuable (near) real-time information that can be used to assess the impact of environmental conditions, such as temperature, upon human health. A detailed analysis of London ambulance data at a selection of dates between 2003 and 2015 is presented and compared to London temperature data. In London, the speed of ambulance response begins to suffer when the mean daily air temperature drops below 2 °C or rises above 20 °C. This is explained largely by the increased number of calls past these threshold temperatures. The baseline relationships established in this work will inform the prediction of likely changes in ambulance demand (and illness types) that may be caused by seasonal temperature changes and the increased frequency and intensity of extreme/severe weather events, exacerbated by climate change, in the future.
Collaborative Health Impact Assessment and Policy Development to Improve Air Quality in West Yorkshire—A Case Study and Critical Reflection
Authors: Naik Yannish , Jones Sally , Christmas Helen , Roderick Peter , Cooper Duncan , McGready Kevin , Gent Mike
Published: August 2017

Air pollution is increasingly recognised as a significant problem for cities, with wide ranging impacts on health and quality of life. Combined knowledge of the legal context and health impacts led to air pollution becoming a priority in West Yorkshire. A health impact assessment methodology was used to explore the impacts of low emissions zones, demonstrating significant gains from the implementation of such a measure. This fed in to the collaborative development of the West Yorkshire Low Emissions Strategy (WYLES), resulting in policy changes and an incorporation of health and wellbeing concerns into transport and infrastructure planning, amongst other successes. This case study describes the collaborative approach taken to tackle air pollution locally and summarises key outputs and outcomes of work to date, before providing a critical reflection on what can be learnt from the West Yorkshire experience. This paper will thus interest advocates and stakeholders who are facing similar challenges. Key lessons revolve around broad stakeholder engagement and developing shared ambition. We finally discuss air pollution as a wicked problem, applying the lens of transitions management, a multidisciplinary systems change theory and discuss the local experience in relation to the literature on collaborative public management.
A Non-Isothermal Chemical Lattice Boltzmann Model Incorporating Thermal Reaction Kinetics and Enthalpy Changes
Authors: Bartlett Stuart
Published: August 2017

The lattice Boltzmann method is an efficient computational fluid dynamics technique that can accurately model a broad range of complex systems. As well as single-phase fluids, it can simulate thermohydrodynamic systems and passive scalar advection. In recent years, it also gained attention as a means of simulating chemical phenomena, as interest in self-organization processes increased. This paper will present a widely-used and versatile lattice Boltzmann model that can simultaneously incorporate fluid dynamics, heat transfer, buoyancy-driven convection, passive scalar advection, chemical reactions and enthalpy changes. All of these effects interact in a physically accurate framework that is simple to code and readily parallelizable. As well as a complete description of the model equations, several example systems will be presented in order to demonstrate the accuracy and versatility of the method. New simulations, which analyzed the effect of a reversible reaction on the transport properties of a convecting fluid, will also be described in detail. This extra chemical degree of freedom was utilized by the system to augment its net heat flux. The numerical method outlined in this paper can be readily deployed for a vast range of complex flow problems, spanning a variety of scientific disciplines.
Relationship between Entropy, Corporate Entrepreneurship and Organizational Capabilities in Romanian Medium Sized Enterprises
Authors: Ceptureanu Eduard Gabriel , Ceptureanu Sebastian Ion , Popescu Doina
Published: August 2017

This paper analyses the relations between entropy, organizational capabilities and corporate entrepreneurship. The results indicate strong links between strategy and corporate entrepreneurship, moderated by the organizational capabilities. We find that companies with strong organizational capabilities, using a systematic strategic approach, widely use corporate entrepreneurship as an instrument to fulfil their objectives. Our study contributes to the limited amount of empirical research on entropy in an organization setting by highlighting the boundary conditions of the impact by examining the moderating effect of firms’ organizational capabilities and also to the development of Econophysics as a fast growing area of interdisciplinary sciences.
A “New-Deal” for the Development of Photovoltaic Investments in Greece? A Parametric Techno-Economic Assessment
Authors: Anagnostopoulos Panagiotis , Spyridaki Niki-Artemis , Flamos Alexandros
Published: August 2017

The aim of this paper is to identify the financial impact imposed by cost containment measures and especially by the feed in tariff (FiT) reduction upon the profitability of different photovoltaic (PV) investments and the electricity charge faced by consumers. A fully parametric analysis is carried out by varying the following parameters: total installation costs based on their activation date, interest rate for a bank loan, use of a construction subsidy, tax imposition levels, the solidarity surcharge differentiated by the activation and the purchase agreement date and the issuance of credit invoice. During the simulations the simple payback period, the internal rate of return and the profitability index were calculated for the most common investment cases. These were identified through empirical observations on the deployment of PV stations. The profitability of PV stations connected to the medium voltage network were by far affected the most by the cutback while farmers’ PV stations and PV rooftop systems were comparatively less affected. Parameters such as the size of the station and the PV activation date were crucial for the assessment of the viability of PV stations. From a social perspective, the FiT cutback prevented an additional 40% increase in the electricity charge paid by electricity consumers.
Retrofit Planning for the Performance Gap: Results of a Workshop on Addressing Energy, Health and Comfort Needs in a Protected Building
Authors: Mohareb Eugene , Hashemi Arman , Shahrestani Mehdi , Sunikka-Blank Minna
Published: August 2017

Research on the performance gap suggests that the actual energy consumption in buildings can be twice as much as expected from modelled estimates. Energy models rely on predictive indicators and assumptions that are usually done at the design stage, without acknowledging behavioral patterns of actual users, amongst other uncertain elements. Moreover, in the context of the performance gap, it is evident that energy efficiency is overemphasized while other key issues such as health and comfort of occupants associated with indoor air quality, noise levels etc., have been less stressed and discussed. This paper discusses physical measurements of indoor temperature in a case study building at the University of Cambridge and reports findings of a workshop with researchers, building professionals and graduate students working on environmental performance in the built environment. The workshop addressed research issues related to energy, comfort and health (couched in terms of thermal performance), used as a means to understand the complexities of and trade-off between different aspects of sustainable buildings. Retrofit measures were suggested while considering how to balance energy and comfort needs, with some these measures being modelled to determine their efficacy. This research concludes with a reflection on how to implement these retrofit measures in a manner that addresses the performance gap.
The Relationship between Obesity and Urban Environment in Seoul
Authors: Kim Jungah , Shon Changwoo , Yi Seonju
Published: August 2017

Obesity is a global pandemic that brings about a myriad of health consequences. In the past, policies for combating obesity mainly focused on improving individual health and behavior, but nowadays some policies have changed and now concentrate on improving the built environment believing this can improve health through positive changes to health-related behaviors. We examined whether both individual and environmental factors were associated with body mass index in Seoul, the capital city of South Korea. Data from the 2011 and 2013 Community Health Surveys were used (n = 20,147 men and 25,300 women). We staged multilevel logistic regression models to estimate the effect of individual and environmental factors on obesity. Among individual covariates, high-risk drinking, the time spent watching TV and surfing the Internet, high salt intake, stress, and the negative recognition of health were significantly associated with obesity. When controlling individual covariates, the number of sports facilities, number of fried chicken stores, and food insecurity level were statistically associated with probability of obesity. Therefore, this study emphasizes that it is important not only to improve the health behavior of the individual, but also to improve the urban environment in order to reduce the obesity rates of city dwellers.
Work-Related Accidents and Sharp Injuries in Paramedics—Illustrated with an Example of a Multi-Specialist Hospital, Located in Central Poland
Authors: Garus-Pakowska Anna , Szatko Franciszek , Ulrichs Magdalena
Published: August 2017

(1) Background: An analysis of work-related accidents in paramedics in Poland by presenting the model and trend of accidents, accident rates and by identifying causes and results of accidents; (2) Methods: A retrospective analysis of medical documentation regarding work-related accidents in a multi-specialist hospital, located in central Poland, in the period 2005–2015. The study group included paramedics who had an accident while being on duty; (3) Results: According to hospital records, 88 paramedics were involved in 390 accidents and 265 injuries caused by sharp instruments. The annual accident rate was 5.34/100 employed paramedics. Most of the accidents occurred at night. The most common reason for the accident was careless behaviour of the paramedic, which resulted in joint sprains and dislocations. Injuries accounted for a huge portion of the total number of events. As many as 45% of injuries were not officially recorded; (4) Conclusion: High rates of work-related accidents and injuries caused by sharp instruments in paramedics are a serious public health problem. Further studies should be conducted in order to identify risk factors of accidents, particularly injuries, and to implement preventative programmes, aiming to minimise rates of occupational hazards for paramedics.
Hypertension Caused by Lenvatinib and Everolimus in the Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Bendtsen Mathias , Grimm Daniela , Bauer Johann , Wehland Markus , Wise Petra , Magnusson Nils , Infanger Manfred , Krüger Marcus
Published: August 2017

Multikinase inhibitors (MKI) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors prolong progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) by reducing angiogenesis and tumor growth. In this regard, the MKI lenvatinib and the mTOR inhibitor everolimus proved effective when applied alone, but more effective when they were administered combined. Recently, both drugs were included in clinical trials, resulting in international clinical guidelines for the treatment of mRCC. In May 2016, lenvatinib was approved by the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the use in combination with everolimus, as treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma following one prior antiangiogenic therapy. A major problem of treating mRCC with lenvatinib and everolimus is the serious adverse event (AE) of arterial hypertension. During the treatment with everolimus and lenvatinib combined, 42% of the patients developed hypertension, while 10% of the patients treated with everolimus alone and 48% of the of the lenvatinib only treated patients developed hypertension. Lenvatinib carries warnings and precautions for hypertension, cardiac failure, and other adverse events. Therefore, careful monitoring of the patients is necessary.
Dehydrothermally Cross-Linked Collagen Membrane with a Bone Graft Improves Bone Regeneration in a Rat Calvarial Defect Model
Authors: An Yin-Zhe , Heo Young-Ku , Lee Jung-Seok , Jung Ui-Won , Choi Seong-Ho
Published: August 2017

In this study, the bone regeneration efficacy of dehydrothermally (DHT) cross-linked collagen membrane with or without a bone graft (BG) material was evaluated in a critical-sized rat model. An 8-mm-diameter defect was created in the calvaria of 40 rats, which were randomized into four groups: (1) control; (2) DHT; (3) BG; and, (4) DHT + BG. Evaluations were made at 2 and 8 weeks after surgery using micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT), histological, and histomorphometric analyses. Micro-CT analysis showed an increase in the new bone volume (NBV) of the BG and DHT + BG groups at 2 weeks after surgery, representing a significant difference (p < 0.05). At 8 weeks after surgery, the NBV increased in all four groups. However, larger NBVs were observed in the BG and DHT + BG groups, and a significant difference was no longer observed between the two groups. Histologic analysis demonstrated that the graft materials sustained the center of the defect in the BG and DHT + BG groups, which was shown in histomorphometric analysis as well. These results suggest that DHT membrane is a safe biomaterial with adequate tissue integration, and has a positive effect on new bone formation. Moreover, the best effects were achieved when DHT was used in conjunction with BG materials.
Formation and Properties of Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures on Different Glasses
Authors: Gräf Stephan , Kunz Clemens , Müller Frank
Published: August 2017

The formation and properties of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) was investigated on different technically relevant glasses including fused silica, borosilicate glass, and soda-lime-silicate glass under irradiation of fs-laser pulses characterized by a pulse duration τ = 300 fs and a laser wavelength λ = 1025 nm. For this purpose, LIPSS were fabricated in an air environment at normal incidence with different laser peak fluence, pulse number, and repetition frequency. The generated structures were characterized by using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, focused ion beam preparation and Fast-Fourier transformation. The results reveal the formation of LIPSS on all investigated glasses. LIPSS formation on soda-lime-silicate glass is determined by remarkable melt-formation as an intra-pulse effect. Differences between the different glasses concerning the appearing structures, their spatial period and their morphology were discussed based on the non-linear absorption behavior and the temperature-dependent viscosity. The findings facilitate the fabrication of tailored LIPSS-based surface structures on different technically relevant glasses that could be of particular interest for various applications.
Cell-Surface and Nuclear Receptors in the Colon as Targets for Bacterial Metabolites and Its Relevance to Colon Health
Authors: Sivaprakasam Sathish , Bhutia Yangzom , Ramachandran Sabarish , Ganapathy Vadivel
Published: August 2017

The symbiotic co-habitation of bacteria in the host colon is mutually beneficial to both partners. While the host provides the place and food for the bacteria to colonize and live, the bacteria in turn help the host in energy and nutritional homeostasis, development and maturation of the mucosal immune system, and protection against inflammation and carcinogenesis. In this review, we highlight the molecular mediators of the effective communication between the bacteria and the host, focusing on selective metabolites from the bacteria that serve as messengers to the host by acting through selective receptors in the host colon. These bacterial metabolites include the short-chain fatty acids acetate, propionate, and butyrate, the tryptophan degradation products indole-3-aldehyde, indole-3-acetic, acid and indole-3-propionic acid, and derivatives of endogenous bile acids. The targets for these bacterial products in the host include the cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptors GPR41, GPR43, and GPR109A and the nuclear receptors aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), and farnesoid X receptor (FXR). The chemical communication between these bacterial metabolite messengers and the host targets collectively has the ability to impact metabolism, gene expression, and epigenetics in colonic epithelial cells as well as in mucosal immune cells. The end result, for the most part, is the maintenance of optimal colonic health.
Soil Moisture Data Assimilation in a Hydrological Model: A Case Study in Belgium Using Large-Scale Satellite Data
Authors: Baguis Pierre , Roulin Emmanuel
Published: August 2017

In the present study, we focus on the assimilation of satellite observations for Surface Soil Moisture (SSM) in a hydrological model. The satellite data are produced in the framework of the EUMETSAT project H-SAF and are based on measurements with the Advanced radar Scatterometer (ASCAT), embarked on the Meteorological Operational satellites (MetOp). The product generated with these measurements has a horizontal resolution of 25 km and represents the upper few centimeters of soil. Our approach is based on the Ensemble Kalman Filter technique (EnKF), where observation and model uncertainties are taken into account, implemented in a conceptual hydrological model. The analysis is carried out in the Demer catchment of the Scheldt River Basin in Belgium, for the period from June 2013–May 2016. In this context, two methodological advances are being proposed. First, the generation of stochastic terms, necessary for the EnKF, of bounded variables like SSM is addressed with the aid of specially-designed probability distributions, so that the bounds are never exceeded. Second, bias due to the assimilation procedure itself is removed using a post-processing technique. Subsequently, the impact of SSM assimilation on the simulated streamflow is estimated using a series of statistical measures based on the ensemble average. The differences from the control simulation are then assessed using a two-dimensional bootstrap sampling on the ensemble generated by the assimilation procedure. Our analysis shows that data assimilation combined with bias correction can improve the streamflow estimations or, at a minimum, produce results statistically indistinguishable from the control run of the hydrological model.
Design and Implementation of 2.45 GHz Passive SAW Temperature Sensors with BPSK Coded RFID Configuration
Authors: Fu Chen , Ke Yabing , Li Min , Luo Jingting , Li Honglang , Liang Guangxing , Fan Ping
Published: August 2017

A surface acoustic wave based passive temperature sensor capable of multiple access is investigated. Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) codes of eight chips were implemented using a reflective delay line scheme on a Y-Z LiNbO3 piezoelectric substrate. An accurate simulation based on the combined finite- and boundary element method (FEM/BEM) was performed in order to determine the optimum design parameters. The scaling factor ‘s’ and time delay factor ‘τ’ were extracted using signal processing techniques based on the wavelet transform of the correlation function, and then evaluated at various ambient temperatures. The scaling factor ‘s’ gave a more stable and reliable response to temperature than the time delay factor ‘τ’. Preliminary results show that the sensor response is fast and consistent subject to ambient temperature and it exhibits good linearity of 0.9992 with temperature varying from 0 to 130 °C.
Longitudinal Change in the Relationship between Fundamental Motor Skills and Perceived Competence: Kindergarten to Grade 2
Authors: Crane Jeff , Foley John , Naylor Patti-Jean , Temple Viviene
Published: August 2017

As children transition from early to middle childhood, the relationship between motor skill proficiency and perceptions of physical competence should strengthen as skills improve and inflated early childhood perceptions decrease. This study examined change in motor skills and perceptions of physical competence and the relationship between those variables from kindergarten to grade 2. Participants were 250 boys and girls (Mean age = 5 years 8 months in kindergarten). Motor skills were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 and perceptions were assessed using a pictorial scale of perceived competence. Mixed-design analyses of variance revealed there was a significant increase in object-control skills and perceptions from kindergarten to grade 2, but no change in locomotor skills. In kindergarten, linear regression showed that locomotor skills and object-control skills explained 10% and 9% of the variance, respectively, in perceived competence for girls, and 7% and 11%, respectively, for boys. In grade 2, locomotor skills predicted 11% and object-control skills predicted 19% of the variance in perceptions of physical competence, but only among the boys. Furthermore, the relationship between motor skills and perceptions of physical competence strengthened for boys only from early to middle childhood. However, it seems that forces other than motor skill proficiency influenced girls’ perceptions of their abilities in grade 2.
Enhancing the Durability of Calcareous Stone Monuments of Ancient Egypt Using CaCO3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Aldoasri Mohammad , Darwish Sawsan , Adam Mahmoud , Elmarzugi Nagib , Ahmed Sayed
Published: August 2017

The unwanted changes in valuable historic calcareous stone monuments due to exposure to many physical and chemical effects may lead to its deterioration. The growing interest in the field of conservation of stone monuments encourages the development of consolidation and water-repellent materials. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of CaCO3 nanoparticles as a consolidation and protection material for calcareous stone monuments, when those nanoparticles used are dispersed in acrylic copolymer; polyethylmethacrylate (EMA)/methylacrylate (MA) (70/30), respectively. Samples were subjected to artificial aging by relative humidity/temperature to show the optimum conditions of durability and the effectiveness of the nano-mixture in improving the physical and mechanical properties of the stone material. The synthesis process of CaCO3 nanoparticles/polymer nanocomposite has been prepared by in situ emulsion polymerization system. The prepared nanocomposites with 0.15 g CaCO3 nanoparticles showed obvious transparency features and represent nanocomposites coating technology with hydrophobic, consolidating and good protection properties. Some tests were performed in order to estimate the superficial consolidating and protective effect of the treatment. The obtained nanocomposites have been characterized by TEM, while the surface morphology before and after treatment and homogeneous distribution of used consolidation materials on stone surface were examined by SEM. Improvement of stone mechanical properties was evaluated by compressive strength tests. Change in water-interaction properties was evaluated by water absorption capillarity measurements, and colorimetric measurements were used to evaluate the optical appearance. Taken together, the results indicate that CaCO3/polymer nanocomposite is a completely compatible, efficient material for the consolidation of artistic and architectural limestone monuments capable of enhancing the durability of limestone toward artificial aging and improving the stone mechanical properties compared to the samples treated with pure acrylic copolymer without Calcium carbonate nanoparticles.
Designing Sustainable Urban Social Housing in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Ahmed Khaled
Published: August 2017

The United Arab Emirates is experiencing a challenging turn towards sustainable social housing. Conventional neighborhood planning and design principles are being replaced by those leading to more sustainable urban forms. To trace this challenging move, the research has investigated the degree of consideration of sustainable urban design principles in two social housing neighborhoods in Al Ain City in Abu Dhabi Emirate, UAE. The first represents a conventional urban form based on the neighborhood theory; the other represents the new sustainable design. The ultimate aim is to define the obstacles hindering the full achievement of a sustainable urban form in this housing type. To undertake research investigations, a matrix of the design principles of sustainable urban forms has been initiated in order to facilitate the assessment of the urban forms of the two selected urban communities. Some qualitatively measurable design elements have been defined for each of these principles. The results of the analysis of the shift from ‘conventional’ to ‘sustainable’ case studies have revealed some aspects that would prevent the attainment of fully sustainable urban forms in newly designed social housing neighborhoods. Finally, the research concludes by recommending some fundamental actions to help meet these challenges in future design.
Selecting Project Delivery Systems Based on Simplified Neutrosophic Linguistic Preference Relations
Authors: Luo Sui-Zhi , Cheng Peng-Fei , Wang Jian-Qiang , Huang Yuan-Ji
Published: August 2017

Project delivery system selection is an essential part of project management. In the process of choosing appropriate transaction model, many factors should be under consideration, such as the capability and experience of proprietors, project implementation risk, and so on. How to make their comprehensive evaluations and select the optimal delivery system? This paper proposes a decision-making approach based on an extended linguistic preference structure: simplified neutrosophic linguistic preference relations (SNLPRs). The basic elements in SNLPRs are simplified neutrosophic linguistic numbers (SNLNs). First, several distance measures of SNLNs are introduced. A distance-based consistency index is provided to measure the consistency degree of a simplified neutrosophic linguistic preference relation (SNLPR). When the SNLPR is not acceptably consistent, a consistency-improving automatic iterative algorithm may be used. Afterwards, a decision-making method with SNLPRs is developed. The example of its application in project delivery systems’ selection is offered, and a comparison analysis is given in the end as well.
Atmospheric Extinction Coefficients in the Ic Band for Several Major International Observatories: Results from the BiSON Telescopes, 1984–2016
Authors: Hale S. J. , Chaplin W. J. , Davies G. R. , Elsworth Y. P. , Howe R. , Lund M. N. , Moxon E. Z. , Thomas A. , Pallé P. L. , Rhodes E. J.
Published: August 2017

Over 30 years of solar data have been acquired by the Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network (BiSON), an international network of telescopes used to study oscillations of the Sun. Five of the six BiSON telescopes are located at major observatories. The observational sites are, in order of increasing longitude: Mount Wilson (Hale) Observatory (MWO), California, USA; Las Campanas Observatory, Chile; Observatorio del Teide, Izaña, Tenerife, Canary Islands; the South African Astronomical Observatory, Sutherland, South Africa; Carnarvon, Western Australia; and the Paul Wild Observatory, Narrabri, New South Wales, Australia. The BiSON data may be used to measure atmospheric extinction coefficients in the

band (approximately 700–900 nm), and presented here are the derived atmospheric extinction coefficients from each site over the years 1984–2016.