bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Řečové akty omluvy u českých studentů v angličtině (L2): vybrané výsledky pilotáže
Authors: Vališová Marie
Published: January 2021

During the second half of the 20th century, there was a shift in focus in second language acquisition research from linguistic competence to communicative and pragmatic competence (Hymes, 1972; Canale & Swain, 1980; Canale, 1983; Bachman, 1990; Bachman & Palmer, 1996; Usó-Juan & Martínez-Flor, 2006). This resulted in a growing number of studies on speech acts in general. Motivated by a lack of studies on the speech acts of apology in conversations of Czech learners of English as a foreign language, my dissertation project aims to shed light on apology strategies used by Czech university students.
Paleoclimate estimates for the Paleogene-Neogene in southern South America using fossil leaves as proxies
Authors: VENTO Bárbara , PUEBLA Gabriela G. , PINZÓN Diego , PRÁMPARO Mercedes
Published: January 2021

It is widely recognized that fossil leaves are good proxies for paleoclimate estimates, and leaf physiognomy analysis is a traditional technique used to make climate estimates. There are only a few paleoclimate reconstructions for the southern part of South America based on this technique. Here we report climate parameters using fossil leaves from the Río Turbio (Eocene-Oligocene) and Río Guillermo (Oligocene-early Miocene?) formations in southern South America, Cuenca Austral, Argentina. We used univariate (leaf margin and leaf foliar area analysis) and multivariate methods (CLAMP, DiLP) on two datasets from South America, in the Southern Hemisphere. Lower and upper members of the Río Turbio Formation show a mixed paleoflora represented by paratropical as well as cool-temperate taxa such as Nothofagus, with a similar percentage of untoothed fossil leaves. Climate estimates indicate warm and humid conditions for both Río Turbio Formation members. The Río Guillermo Formation is represented by mostly cool-temperate elements, mainly Nothofagus, and most with toothed margins. The paleoclimate analysis indicates a decrease in temperature and precipitation when comparing the two studied formations. Today, temperate forests in southern Argentina have a plant composition and climate more similar to the estimates made for the Río Guillermo Formation.
Zaposlitvene možnosti otrok s kronično ledvično boleznijo
Authors: Herzog Ana , Kreft Hausmeister Ivana
Published: January 2021

Na zaposlenost bolnikov s kronično ledvično boleznijo (KLB), ki so zboleli v otroštvu, vpliva celoten potek razvoja bolezni med odraščanjem in tudi kasneje v odraslosti. Pogoste odsotnosti od pouka, slabše nevrokognitivno delovanje in težave s telesnim zdravjem prispevajo k slabšemu učnemu uspehu, nižji stopnji dosežene izobrazbe in čustvenim težavam, kot so slabša samopodoba, občutek osamljenosti, anksioznost in depresivnost. Mladi odrasli s KLB so manj samostojni in dosežejo manj razvojnih mejnikov ter kasneje kot zdravi vrstniki. Zaradi nižje dosežene izobrazbe in predvideno pogostih bolniških odsotnosti so manj privlačni za delodajalce. Na kakovost življenja in zaposljivost bolnikov s KLB pomembno vplivata tudi starost, pri kateri nastopi končna ledvična odpoved, in način nadomestnega zdravljenja. Kljub vsem težavam se večina bolnikov čuti sposobne za delo in si želi zaposlitve. Smiselno je ozaveščati učitelje in delodajalce o omejitvah KLB ter pomagati bolnikom pri iskanju zaposlitve.
La formación médica en comunicación de malas noticias: Una revisión narrativa.
Authors: Díaz-Martínez Luis Alfonso , Cuesta Armesto Mitzy Helein , Díaz Rojas María José
Published: January 2021

Una parte fundamental de la atención en salud es la comunicación con los pacientes y sus familias, proceso crítico a la hora de dar malas noticias. Desafortunadamente, muchos médicos no reciben entrenamiento específico durante su pregrado, desarrollando, muchas veces en forma inadecuada, sus habilidades para hacerlo. Este artículo presenta las bases conceptuales, pedagógicas y didácticas para formular cursos o actividades formales de entrenamiento en dar malas noticias en un programa de Medicina. Se incluye una síntesis de lo que se conoce sobre la percepción que tienen médicos, estudiantes y pacientes sobre el dar o recibir malas noticias, sobre los protocolos existentes y sobre las experiencias documentadas sobre tal entrenamiento.

In health care, communication with patients and their families is essential, and a critical process when breaking bad news. Unfortunately, many doctors do not receive specific training during their undergraduate studies, often developing their skills in an empirical way to do so. This article presents the conceptual, pedagogical, and didactic bases for formulating courses or training activities to break bad news in every medicine program. It includes a synthesis of what is known within physicians, students and patients perception about this task, on existing protocols and on documented experiences of such training.
Percepción por los docentes de la Facultad de Medicina y Odontología de la USC sobre la docencia virtual y sincrónica tras la crisis del Covid-19
Authors: Pérez-Sayáns Mario , Chamorro Cintia M , Reboiras Dolores , Gándara Pilar , Gallas Mercedes
Published: January 2021

La pandemia del Covid-19 ha impulsado cambios en la educación superior mundialmente, exigidos por las medidas de distanciamiento social que impiden cualquier enseñanza presencial. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la percepción y uso por los docentes de la Facultad de Medicina y Odontología de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC) sobre el entorno de aprendizaje virtual (VLE) mediante un estudio transversal basado en encuestas autoaplicadas con Microsoft Forms. Los datos se analizaron estadísticamente mediante el programa SPSS v.24.0. La tasa de respuesta fue del 46.3%. La muestra estaba formada por 23 hombres (35.5%) y 40 mujeres (63.5%). El 50.8 % tiene más de 20 años de experiencia docente. El 49.2% de los encuestados no utilizaba el campus virtual (CV) antes de la crisis del Covid-19 y el 6.3% continúa sin usarlo actualmente. Sólo un 6.3% utilizaba la docencia en remoto síncrona y sólo el 54% cree es válida para su aplicación a las Ciencias de la Salud. Los no usuarios del CV, mayoritariamente (64.5%) comienzan a usarlo como mensajería y entrega de material docente, mientras que de los usuarios asiduos un 59.4% explotan todas sus herramientas (chi2=15.640, V de Cramer=0.498, p=0.001). Los registros de uso del estudio constatan una baja utilización en el entorno docente analizado indicando que la adquisición de capacitación en el uso del campus virtual en la docencia universitaria debería ser promocionada al objeto de incrementar su empleo.

The Covid-19 pandemic has promoted changes in higher education worldwide, demanded by social distancing measures that prevent any face-to-face teaching. The objective of this work is to know the perception and use by teachers of the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry of the University of Santiago de Compostela (USC) on the virtual learning environment (VLE) through a cross-sectional study based on self-administered surveys using Microsoft Forms. The data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS v.24.0 program. The response rate was 46.3%. The sample consisted of 23 men (35.5%) and 40 women (63.5%). 50.8% have more than 20 years of teaching experience. 49.2% of those surveyed did not use the virtual campus (CV) before the Covid-19 crisis and 6.3% continue not to use it today. Only 6.3% used synchronous remote teaching and only 54% believe it is valid for its application to Health Sciences. The non-users of the CV, mostly (64.5%) begin to use it as courier and delivery of teaching material, while of the regular users, 59.4% exploit all its tools (chi2 = 15.640, Cramer's V = 0.498, p = 0.001). The records of use registered in the study confirm a low use in the analyzed teaching environment, indicating that the acquisition of training in the use of the virtual campus in university teaching should be promoted in order to increase their employment.
“Vamos por alegrías”, para flauta dulce e instrumental Orff
Authors: Ortega Albaladejo José Francisco
Published: January 2021

El flamenco no recibe la atención que merece en la Educación Secundaria. A pesar de ser un arte cercano, continua siendo un gran desconocido. Es necesario, por tanto, diseñar propuestas y materiales didácticos que remedien este hecho. En este trabajo nos centramos en las alegrías, cante representativo del flamenco gaditano, llevando a cabo una adaptación para instrumental Orff y flauta dulce, al tiempo que se analizan las características musicales y estructurales de este estilo. La finalidad es motivar y despertar el interés de los alumnos por el flamenco.

Flamenco does not receive the attention it deserves in Secondary School. Despite being a close art, it continues to be a great unknown. Therefore, it is necessary to design proposals and teaching materials that remedy this fact. In this work we focus on “alegrías”, a folk singing (“cante”) representative of flamenco from Cádiz, making an adaptation for Orff instrumental and recorder, while analyzing the musical and structural characteristics of this style. The purpose is to motivate and awaken students' interest in flamenco.
Flamenco, trovo y cante de las minas
Authors: Ortega José Francisco
Published: January 2021

El mundo del trovo de la Sierra Minera de Cartagena-La Unión está íntimamente ligado al devenir de los cantes de las minas: se considera, de hecho, una de las fuentes nutricias del repertorio de letras del cante minero. En este artículo se traen a colación algunas de las más conocidas, así como otras creadas por troveros en su rol como poetas. Se recuerdan también algunas de las melodías de malagueña utilizadas en las veladas troveras, así como ciertos estilos flamencos ligados a nombres de troveros míticos como “Pedro el Morato” o “el Pajarito”.

The world of the “trovo” (sudden popular poetry) of the Sierra Minera de Cartagena-La Unión (Murcia-Spain) is intimately linked to the evolution of the “cantes de las minas” (mining song): it is considered, in fact, one of the nutritional sources of the repertoire of lyrics of the “cante minero” (mining folk singing). In this article some of the best known are brought up, as well as others created by “troveros” (poets who improvise their verses) in their role as poets. Some of the malagueña's melodies used in “veladas troveras” (poetic contests) are also remembered, as well as certain flamenco styles linked to the names of mythical names such as “Pedro el Morato” or “El Pajarito”.
El concepto de toque flamenco
Authors: Torres Cortés Norberto
Published: January 2021

Este artículo contiene el primer capítulo de la tesis doctoral que defendimos en 2009 (Torres, 2009). No ha sido publicado hasta ahora y, a pesar del tiempo transcurrido y de algunos aspectos parciales ampliamente desarrollados desde su redacción, así como una bibliografía consultada hasta este año 2009, pensamos que sigue vigente al reunir elementos filológicos, culturales y musicales que permiten una mayor comprensión y perspectiva del concepto “toque flamenco”. Hemos articulado estos tres elementos en torno a dos ejes: por una parte, el concepto de “toque flamenco” (que es igual a preguntarse qué entendemos por guitarra flamenca); por otra parte, cuáles son los rasgos significativos y apropiados de esta modalidad guitarrística.

This article contains the first chapter of the doctoral thesis that we defended in 2009 (Torres, 2009). It has not been published until now and, despite the time that has elapsed and some partial aspects widely developed since its writing, as well as a bibliography consulted until 2009, we think that it can continue to be valid by offering philological, cultural and musical elements that allow a greater understanding and perspective of the concept of “toque flamenco”. We have articulated these three elements around two axes: the concept of “toque flamenco” (which is the same as wondering what we mean by flamenco guitar); and what are the significant and appropriate features of this guitar modality.
The State of Interventional Radiology in Myanmar: A National Report
Authors: Kuo Benjamin Jyhhan , Aung Myo Oo , Hnin Ngwe Phyu , Wint Taryi , Aung Tin Htun , Ya Kyaw Zay , Tan Bien Soo
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Radiology global outreach programs have increased in recent years but progressed more slowly than other specialties. Establishing radiology services is increasingly recognized as a priority in resource-limited settings. Myanmar has a tremendous disease burden that is treatable with interventional radiology (IR) techniques, and aims to grow and effectively integrate this service into its public healthcare sector. Through collaborations between Asia Pacific Society of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology (APSCVIR) and Myanmar Radiological Society (MRS), the field of IR has grown exponentially over recent years. This study aims to provide a Myanmar national IR report on the current trends and future challenges.

Methods and materials: Descriptive variables across five domains (facility and equipment, workforce, supplies, infrastructure, and casemix) from the four public sector hospitals with IR capability were obtained between 2016-2019. The four hospitals were Yangon General Hospital (YGH), Yangon Specialty Hospital (YSH), Mandalay General Hospital (MGH), and Defense Services General Hospital (DSGH). Data were analyzed to demonstrate progress in IR and the differing casemix.

Results: There are currently four IR-capable hospitals and nine interventional radiologists across Myanmar’s public healthcare sector. IR case volumes tripled from 514 cases in 2016 to more than 1,500 cases in 2019. The three most common procedures performed were trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE, 63%), bronchial arterial embolization (BAE, 7.7%), and drainages (7.7%). Significant challenges to the growth and adoption of IR services span the domains of infrastructure, equipment and supplies, workforce, and IR awareness, among other clinical specialties.

Conclusion: Myanmar’s healthcare priorities, coupled with international radiological outreach programs, have led to rapid growth of IR. The exponential growth in case volumes is promising for Myanmar and other developing countries. But to widen the scope of practice and integrate the service within local clinical workflows, a holistic effort that addresses multiple domains is needed in the future.
El acto cooperativo en el derecho español
Authors: Vargas Vasserot Carlos
Published: January 2021

La pretensión de este trabajo, como su título indica, es poner de manifiesto en qué medida la doctrina del acto cooperativo de origen latinoamericano ha penetrado en el Derecho español y qué consecuencias se pueden extraer de ello, sobre todo para sustentar la tesis societarias o corporativas de la relación mutualista que se desarrollan por los socios de las cooperativas con la entidad. En el estudio se abordará primero la recepción del acto cooperativo en la legislación de varios países de Iberoamérica y después se analizará el Derecho positivo español en búsqueda de preceptos legales que reconozca los rasgos del acto cooperativo. El trabajo también aborda las diferentes posturas doctrinales acerca de la naturaleza societaria o contractual de la relación cooperativizada y finaliza con una toma de postura al respecto.
Las cooperativas de viviendas en régimen de cesión de uso como cauce jurídico para los nuevos modelos habitacionales
Authors: Louredo Casado Sara
Published: January 2021

en numerosas declaraciones y cartas de derechos posteriores. Las cooperativas de viviendas, enmarcadas en la regulación del instituto cooperativo de la Constitución, se han regulado en la Ley nacional y en las autonómicas de cooperativas. La figura ha sufrido fuertemente la crisis del sector inmobiliario del año 2010 pero sigue siendo una herramienta útil para desarrollar ese derecho a poseer una vivienda. Además, son un cauce jurídico que se adapta bien a los sistemas de cesión del derecho de uso a los habitantes y a la cohabitación, dos tendencias habitacionales nuevas en nuestro país.En este artículo queremos analizar cuál es la normativa más adecuada para regular estas iniciativas novedosas que, en otros países de Europa y América, llevan ya algunas décadas funcionando. Nos fijamos también en las experiencias españolas más recientes de cesión de uso y cohabitación que se han articulado como cooperativas.
Cooperativa y empresa familiar
Authors: Cañabate Pozo Rosario
Published: January 2021

El ejercicio de una actividad empresarial por los miembros de una familia requiere ciertas connotaciones cuando se estructura como una organización jurídico-empresarial a la que se le añade el calificativo de familiar. En tal ámbito, el presente trabajo de investigación analiza las peculiaridades de la empresa familiar y su adecuación a la forma jurídico-empresarial de la sociedad cooperativa. El estudio se realiza a la luz del acogimiento legal de los principios cooperativos de la Alianza Cooperativa Internacional en su normativa reguladora. Desde esa perspectiva, el análisis del régimen jurídico de las cooperativas nos permitirá tomar en consideración su acomodamiento a las necesidades de la empresa familiar frente a otras formas jurídico-societarias vinculadas, tradicionalmente, a la empresa familiar y no presididas por tales principios cooperativos.
Las imágenes de España y de Ucrania en las prácticas ideológicas y artísticas de la primera ola de emigrantes ucranianos en Madrid
Authors: Pronkevich Oleksandr
Published: January 2021

Este estudio propone un análisis de las estrategias de construcción de las imágenes de España y de Ucrania configuradas por los emigrantes ucranianos de la primera ola que se encontraron en Madrid después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial para estudiar en la Universidad Central (ahora Complutense) y en la Universidad Politécnica. Los ucranianos se veían a sí mismos como descubridores de España para los ucranianos y como embajadores de su patria en el mundo hispano. Las visiones de España y de Ucrania creadas por la primera ola de emigración ucraniana se basan en la ideología de la derecha nacionalista. Siendo greco-católicos y ex-militares de la División “Galichiná”, los estudiantes ucranianos seguían luchando contra la URSS a través de nuevas formas y aceptaron la cultura franquista como propia. Como resultado, en la imagen de España difundida por ellos se manifiestan rasgos como la reafirmación de un espíritu caballeresco, de cruzada católica; una presencia fuerte de un catolicismo que lo impregna todo; tradicionalismo, anticomunismo y anti-consumismo. En tales términos, se trata de una imagen de Ucrania como parte de un punto de vista y una forma de entender el mundo que se opone a la sovietización, a la modernización y a la globalización, a todo aquello que, según su punto de vista, pueda alterar el desde y para siempre espíritu nacional-católico. Es una versión de una Ucrania tradicional-folclórica nacionalista y anticomunista que se reconoce en un pasado mítico, eterno, y da la espalda a la historia.
La imagen de Polonia en España a caballo entre los siglos XVI y XVII: el caso de los libros de Mikołaj Sękowski y de Maciej Tytlewski
Authors: Kowalczyk Ernest
Published: January 2021

La finalidad de este artículo es presentar las actividades llevadas a cabo por los diplomáticos polacos en España en el campo de la difusión de información sobre Polonia. En particular, se propone el análisis de dos textos publicados en Madrid: Breve i sumaria descripción del Reyno de Polonia (1588) de Mikołaj Sękowski y Relación diaria de las guerras tenidas entre Polacos y Turcos por los años 1620 y 1621 (1623) de Maciej Tytlewski. Se trata, respectivamente, de la primera y la segunda publicación en la historia dedicadas a Polonia en castellano, lo que sugiere la intencionalidad divulgativa de los autores. Sus acciones se enmarcan en el contexto de las iniciativas diplomáticas polacas en la corte española, pero también son un reflejo de una corriente general entre los escritores polacos, quienes en la época de la “revolución de la imprenta” publicaban numerosas obras para presentar en el extranjero información fidedigna acerca de Polonia.
Visiones del capitalismo en algunas novelas polacas y españolas posteriores a la transición hacia la democracia
Authors: Kołakowski Marcin
Published: January 2021

Aunque el paso al capitalismo se vivió en Polonia un tanto más radicalmente que en España, ambas literaturas parecen habernos dejado un legado de obras que critican de manera similar el sistema económico capitalista. El presente artículo persigue determinar la forma en la que el capitalismo fue codificado en algunas obras narrativas posteriores a la transición hacia la democracia en ambos países. Se analizarán novelas en las que el capitalismo constituye uno de los temas centrales, criticándosele tanto explícita como implícitamente. La investigación abarca cuatro obras: Małż (2005) de Marta Dzido, Blanco nieve, rojo Rusia (2002) de Dorota Masłowska, Historias del Kronen (1994) de José Ángel Mañas y Lo verdadero es un momento de lo falso (2010) de Lucía Etxebarria. El texto aquí presente es una reflexión acerca del posible establecimiento de un marco de comparación en términos de correlación entre dicha temática y el uso de recursos literarios específicos a la hora de representarla.
La lengua del silencio: A música dos seres vivos de María Reimóndez
Authors: Boguszewicz Maria
Published: January 2021

María Reimóndez es escritora, traductora e intérprete, investigadora y activista social. En sus novelas debate los problemas que se reflejan también en otras esferas de su actividad profesional y pública. La novela A música dos seres vivos (2015) se centra en temas derivados de la discriminación étnica, sexual y de género. El eje central de la historia contada en el libro lo constituye la cuestión de la voz y de cómo un sujeto subalterno puede tenerla en el mundo occidental. En la novela estudiada en este artículo se proponen varias vías de comunicación posibles, entre otras la música. La autora del artículo recurre a las teorías feministas y poscoloniales, así como a las ciencias musicales para analizar el problema del silencio y la voz en A música dos seres vivos de María Reimóndez, situando el libro en el proyecto sociopolítico global de la escritora.
Representaciones visuales de metáforas y metonimias de la temperatura en secadores de pelo
Authors: Peng Shuo
Published: January 2021

La mayoría de los estudios sobre la metáfora conceptual se han enfocado en el lenguaje verbal, pero aún queda mucho por investigar sobre sus manifestaciones no verbales. El presente trabajo lleva a cabo una aproximación sobre los elementos iconográficos de secadores de pelo desde una perspectiva de la lingüística cognitiva. Se ha formulado, en primer lugar, la hipótesis de que estos elementos no son diseños casuales, sino vinculados a la cognición humana. Hemos basado el estudio en las propuestas de Lakoff y Johnson (1991, 1999), sobre la metáfora conceptual y la metonimia, así como en el enfoque visual y multimodal de Forceville (1994, 2008). Siguiendo una metodología cualitativa, analizaremos, a base de la imagen de 105 secadores, las metáforas y metonimias subyacentes a las iconografías de este pequeño electrodoméstico, la motivación cognitiva en que se fundamentan, sus funciones comunicativas, así como la conexión entre el lenguaje verbal y el no verbal acerca del concepto de temperatura. El estudio encaja en el paradigma de la lingüística cognitiva, contribuyendo al reforzamiento de la teoría, sin olvidar que nos permite conocer la concepción humana respecto a la temperatura.
A Statistical Analysis of Evaporative Pattern Casting Process Parameters for the Production of Aluminum Alloy Components
Authors: Omidiji B. Victor
Published: January 2021

Four process parameters were investigated with the aim of determining their influence on the mechanical properties of some test castings, bars, cylinders and plates. The influence was quantified in terms of percentage contribution. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), regression, main effects and interaction effects plots were employed to carry out the statistical analysis. As regards the tensile strength of the test castings, the geometry of components (GOC) dominated, contributing 90.83% and the pouring temperature (PT) contributed 91.90% influence on the hardness property. These dominating potentials of these twoparameters limited the interaction of the parameters studied in the research.
An Evaluation of the Effect of Ultrasonic Degassing on Components Produced by High Pressure Die Casting
Authors: Da Silva Manel , Bajusz Attila , Pabel Thomas , Petkov Tose , Planta Xavier
Published: January 2021

Ultrasonic treatment is known to be efficient for aluminium melt degassing with the additional benefits of being both economical and environment friendly. This paper describes the effect of ultrasonic degassing on the preparation of an AlSi9Cu3(Fe) alloy for High Pressure Die Casting (HPDC). The degassing efficiency was assessed in terms of the indirect evaluation of the melt, by means of the reduced pressure test and the porosity evaluation of the cast parts. Additionally, the corresponding hydrogen content was estimated with an experimental equation reported in the literature. Ultrasonic degassing shows greater efficiency in terms of hydrogen removal from the melt than conventional N2 + Ar lance bubbling. Components produced by HPDC without degassing, with ultrasonic degassing and with lance degassing, were analysed by computed tomography and by metallography. The results show that the components produced by HPDC after ultrasonic degassing have a similar porosity level to components degassed with conventional lance bubbling, both showing an important improvement over components produced without degassing treatment. Hardness values were similar for all different treatment conditions and well over the minimum value established for the alloy by the corresponding standard.
Standardisert nettspråk i protest eller respekt?
Authors: Bakkevoll Geir
Published: January 2021

Denne artikkelen er basert på ei kvantitativ undersøking av 1949 ytringar frå “Nordnorsk debatt” under valkampen i 2017. Eit sentralt funn er at nettspråket følger dei norske rettskrivingsnormalane monaleg meir i diskusjonar om samepolitikk enn om andre politiske tema. I det samla materialet har 54 prosent av ytringane minst eitt ortografisk avvik. Då bryt kommentaren eller svaret på Facebook med dei to norske rett­skrivingsnormalane når språkbrukarane kortar ned på orda eller brukar teikn eller bokstavar på ein måte som er utanfor standarden i dei offisielle norske rettskrivingane. Då kan vi seie at norma i nettspråk om politikk er vidare enn den offisielle rettskrivinga. Denne overvekta av ortografiske avvik ser likevel ikkje ut til å vere skapt av språkbrukarar som ikkje meistrar standarden, og dei representerer neppe det mange opp­fattar som språkleg forfall. Heller ikkje munnlegmarkørar som forsterkar prosodien eller viser oppøsing, dominerer i materialet. Det er derfor ikkje hald for å seie at slike orto­grafiske avvik er ikoniske eller at den konfronterande stilen er essensen i politisk CMC. I Facebook-diskusjonane om same­politikk har derimot berre 44 prosent av ytringane ortografiske avvik. Artikkelen lanserer to alternative tolkingar av denne signifikant lågare delen orto­grafiske avvik. Den eine, og konsensusorienterte tolkinga, er at språk­brukarane i respekt for denne betente saka vel det mest nøytrale skriftspråket dei kjenner. Den andre, og konfliktorienterte tolkinga, er at dette er språkhandlingar som indekserer at ein vil vere lojal mot eller favorisere den norske kulturen og språket framfor den samiske. I så fall brukar debattantane, bevisst eller ubevisst, språkleg variasjon for å styrke det språklege hegemoniet til majoritetskulturen. I artikkelen argumenteter eg for den konfliktorienterte tolk­inga, for det første fordi menn er sterkt overrepresenterte i desse debattane. Tolkinga blir ytterlegare styrkt i den siste delen av artikkelen, som samanliknar CMC i debattane om same­politikk og innvandrings­politikk.
Assessing the Cognitive Contributors to Violence
Authors: Janes Sarah , O'Rourke Suzanne , Schwannauer Matthias
Published: January 2021

In recent years there has been considerable progress in the development, validation and use of violence risk assessments (VRA). Their predictive ability however remains modest and, due to the repetitive use of certain risk factors, collectively, they appear to have hit an allegorical ‘glass ceiling’. Further limiting VRA is the use of self-report, collateral information, and file reviews to assess clinical and risk-related factors, rather than validated performance measures. Correspondingly, converging findings from neuropsychology and neurobiology have underlined brain regions associated with violent behaviour and subsequent research has further demonstrated this through observational studies. Thus, it is hypothesised that VRA may benefit from the integration of behaviourally measured neuropsychological risk factors. The current study is a feasibility and pilot study with a prospective, observational approach and a retrospective component. It aims to investigate the feasibility of using a neuropsychological battery to aid in the identification of violence risk in an inpatient and community setting, and to pilot a neuropsychological battery of measures examining risk factors for violence identified through a meta-analysis and an international Delphi study. The primary outcomes of interest are violent incidents or offences recorded during the 6-month follow-up periods.
YouTube as a Learning Tool to Improve Students’ Speaking Skills as Perceived by EFL Teachers in Secondary School
Authors: Binmahboob Thamer
Published: January 2021

YouTube has been shown to be a rich source for teaching speaking in EFL contexts. However, the use of YouTube is developing speaking skills is still understudied in the Saudi EFL context. The full use and awardees of YouTube resources are not well articulated by many EFL teachers in Saudi Arabia. This study attempted to examine the perceptions of English instructors of using YouTube to improve the speaking skills of the students in the secondary stage in Saudi Arabia. The English instructors’ attitudes towards YouTube and the best ways to use YouTube in the class were examined. The descriptive and analytical approaches have been applied in order to design the research. For data collection, a questionnaire has been designed to addresses the research topic. It was distributed on a sample of English language instructors (30 EFL instructors) in the secondary stage in Riyadh city in Saudi Arabia. The findings of the study showed that English language instructors see that YouTube is a highly beneficial instructional tool in improving the speaking skills of the secondary school students. It was found that the instructors have positive attitudes towards YouTube. They expressed that YouTube lessens the students’ anxiety and allow the students to learn faster, retain attention for a long time and motivates the students to learn the language. On the other hand, the findings showed that YouTube can be used in different ways in the class such as asking the students to comment on a particular video or to give some details, discuss, pose questions and give answers. YouTube gives a real chance for the students to interact in the class and to speak freely and get improved in pronunciation. The study recommended using YouTube as an integral instructive tool in English language classes.
Enhancing Saudi EFL Learners’ CAF in Narrative Writing Through Native Speaker Kids’ Reading Website
Authors: Alghizzi Talal Musaed , Ali El Deen Abdul Aziz Mohamed
Published: January 2021

This novel study investigated the impact of English native speaker kids’ reading website on enhancing Saudi EFL university students’ complexity, accuracy and fluency (CAF) in narrative writing. The rationale for this study is the scant literature in the area of estimating narrative writing in terms of CAF. The quasi-experimental method was adopted in this study through a pre-/ post-test in narrative writing. Eleven level three participants were recruited from in this study. Instruments of the study included a pre-post-test in narrative writing, and the CAF measures. A Wilcoxon signed-Rank and Mann Whitney were used in the analysis. The study results found no significant differences at 0.05 level regarding the post administration of syntactic complexity ratios except (CP/T, CP/C, and CN/C) whose results were significant. The sub-constructs of lexical density and lexical variation were enhanced partially, and as a whole, whereas there was no increase/decrease regarding lexical sophistication. For accuracy measure, the results were significant in all ratios at 0.05 level except (EFC/C, and EFTC/S ratios). Concerning fluency measures, the results were insignificant at 0.05 in all ratios except (MLC ratio). The results of the study and their pedagogical implications were discussed.
The Use of the Traditional Tools in Consecutive Interpreting: Advantages and Disadvantages
Authors: Rahman Adam Hamid Abdel
Published: January 2021

This study is a plea for introducing ‘pen and paper’ as traditional tools in consecutive interpreting. The study is built on the examination of the traditional note-taking tools and their use in interpreting. Its purpose is to discuss their potentialities, as well as to determine to what extent the traditional tools and methods of note-taking are still valuable and compatible with other new ones. The discussion is done through the descriptive method of the process and techniques of consecutive interpreting. The development of these themes aims to point out the benefits to obtain by the use of traditional tools. The study tries, also, to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of the use of these traditional tools compared to the new technological devices used in consecutive interpreting. The results confirm the effectiveness of these traditional pen and paper tools, as they still in work that enables the consecutive interpreter to accomplish his/ her work. The conclusion and findings suggest some solutions such as the use of traditional tools threatened by e-generation devices and digital technology. It, also, mitigates the attacks on these formal tools. It provides a method for the fulfillment of the objectives of consecutive interpreting regardless of the tools used by the interpreter.
The association of fracture risk in atrial fibrillation patients and long-term anticoagulant therapy category: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Jun , Lyu Lingchun , Shen Jiayi , Zeng Chunlai , Chen Cheng , Wei Tiemin
Published: January 2021

Objective

Our study aimed to assess the risk of all fractures and hip fractures in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who took non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) compared to warfarin.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library and Clinical Trials.gov Website. Reviewed related researches up to January 31, 2020, to identify studies with more than 12 months of follow-up data. The protocol for this systematic review and meta-analysis has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO Number: CRD42020156893).

Results

We included five RCT studies, and five observational studies that contained a total of 326,846 patients in our meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis showed that patients taken NOACs had no significant all fracture risk (RR = 0.91, 95% CI [0.81–1.01]) and hip fracture risk (RR = 0.92, 95% CI [0.82–1.03]) compared with those taken warfarin. Subanalysis showed that the risk of all fractures and hip fractures treated by NOACs were significant lower compared with warfarin in observational studies compared with RCT studies. Also, a subanalysis across the duration of anticoagulation showed the NOACs users have lower all fracture risk than warfarin users when the duration of anticoagulation ≤2 years (RR = 0.89, 95% CI [0.80–0.99]). Further analysis, significant lower all fracture risk in the rivaroxaban therapy (RR = 0.81; 95% CI [0.76–0.86]) compared with warfarin but no statistical significance in hip fracture. There were no significant difference of all fracture risk and hip fracture risk in dabigatran, apixaban, and edoxaban therapy compared with warfarin.

Conclusion

The meta-analysis demonstrated that NOACs associated with a significantly lower all fracture risk compared with warfarin when the duration of anticoagulation more than 2 years. Rivaroxaban users had lower risk of all fracture than warfarin users in AF patients. But there was no evidence to verify apixaban, edoxaban, and dabigatranin could decrease all fracture and hip fracture risk compared with warfarin.
Epidemiological Study of Influenza A(H1N1) Virus Infection during Lockdown Due to COVID-19 Pandemics in Uttarakhand
Authors: Chandola Jyoti , Singh Pooja , Singh Sandeep , Semwal Shilpa , Gupta Komal , Sharma Narotam
Published: January 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to study the epidemiology of H1N1 influenza A virus infection during lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic in Uttarakhand.

Methodology: An analysis of primary data, obtained from DNA Labs-A Center for Applied Sciences, Dehradun after detection of the throat and nasal swabs by RT-PCR method. The total number of samples were 102 which were collected from the suspected cases for influenza like illness (ILI) in and around Uttarakhand region in different age groups. Molecular Characterization was done for all the cases. The data contained the cases from the month of March, 2020 to the month of November, 2020.

Results: Results showed that after the onset of lockdown, the number of positive cases for H1N1 influenza viral infection were less in comparative to the negative cases (30 positive cases and 72 negative cases). Age group from 21 to 40 years and above 70 years became infected with the H1N1 swine flu and suffered with Category C symptom.

Conclusions: This research provides the significant findings for the epidemiological study of H1N1 influenza viral infection during lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemics in Uttarakhand. It could be said that due to the similarities of the symptoms of H1N1 influenza A virus and COVID-19, all the cases were referred to COVID-19 testing due to its impact even though that case could have been suffering from any other disease including H1N1 as the symptoms similarities between these two viruses are almost the same.
Measurement and Evaluation of Radiation Power Density Emitted from Mobile Cellular Base Stations in Abuja and its Environ, Nigeria
Authors: Aminu Ibrahim , Zhimwang J. T. , Adewumi D. , Ibrahim R. S. , Musa M. Z. , Matthew D. D.
Published: January 2021

This paper presents measurement and evaluation of radiation power density emitted from mobile cellular base stations in Abuja and it’s environ. Forty (40) mobile base stations with ten (10) each from AIRTEL, ETISALAT, GLO and MTN located in areas with high population were randomly examined across Abuja. Broadband analysis method was employed in the measurement of the radiation power density. The results obtained shows that most of the base stations recorded lower radiation power density below the safety standard value of 4.5watt/m2 , 22.5 watt/m2 for 900MHz frequency though few base stations recorded above standard value: GLO-BS02, GLO-BS03 and MTN-BS02 recorded 59.02 mW/m2, 39.76 mW/m2 and 46.70 mW/m2 respectively. The result also revealed that as distance increases, the mean power density reduces. This is to said that human exposure to radio frequency radiation have less or no health hazard at distance far away from the mobile cellular base station.
Evaluation of Saturated Hydraulic Characteristics and its Influence on Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils Developed on Coastal Plain Sands of Obufa Esuk Orok in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Akpa E. A. , Akpama A. I. , Oyedele O.
Published: January 2021

The study highlights the evaluation of saturated hydraulic characteristics and its influence on some physical and chemical properties of soils developed on coastal plain sands of Obufa Esuk Orok in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Sixteen grids designed in an experimental plot measured 6 m x 6 m were used for field studies and sixteen (16) soil samples were collected in each of the grid using a soil auger for particle size analysis, bulk density, particle density, total porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The samples were analyzed using standard laboratory procedures. The result showed that the soils were predominantly high in sand content with a mean value of 860.6 g kg-1 and low in silt and clay contents with mean values of 56.1 g kg-1 and 83.3 g kg-1 respectively. The soil texture was predominantly loamy sand. The saturated hydraulic conductivity showed rapid with a mean value of 36 cm min-1. Total porosity was high, a mean value of 52.4 %. Bulk density was low, a mean value of 1.21 Mgm-3 while Particle density was moderate, mean value of 2.55 Mgm-3.  The soil pH showed very strongly acid milieu (mean pH in water = 5.1). Organic carbon and Total nitrogen were low with mean values of 1.1 % and 0.09 % respectively. Available phosphorus was high with a mean value of 36.66 mg kg-1. The exchangeable acidity and exchangeable bases were generally low with mean values of 2.54, 0.59, 0.08 and 0.053 cmolc/kg for calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium and 0.261and 0.416 cmolc/kg for aluminum and hydrogen. The correlation coefficient (r) between the saturated hydraulic conductivity and texture showed that there was a positive relationship between saturated hydraulic conductivity and sand, silt and clay (correlation coefficient of r = 0.0013, 0.062 and 0.119) at p≤0.05 indicating good relationship. There was also a positive linear relationship between the saturated hydraulic conductivity and bulk density, particle density and total porosity (correlation coefficient values of r = 0.224, 0.03 and 0.107) at p≤0.05 respectively. Despite the positive relationship existed in their correlation, cultural practices such as minimum, zero, mulch tillage and other conservational practices should be adopted to help maintain the rapid condition of the saturated hydraulic conductivity to avoid restriction of water movement and other soluble nutrients in the soil.
The Teacher as a Factor in the Formation of Students' View of Mathematics
Authors: Alshenqeeti Tahani
Published: January 2021

This research study sheds light on students' views toward mathematics as a subject, and particularly the role of teachers in the formation of these views. Data were collected using questionnaire surveys as a quick means for gathering students' views. This method of data collection has also been found to be convenient for the study participants. Results gleaned throughout this study have significant implications for mathematics pedagogy and research.
Effect of Organic Sources on Biological Properties of Vertisols in Cotton
Authors: Kumar Manchala Santhosh , Bhoyar S. M. , Karangami Leena Dajurao , Kumar G. Ranjith
Published: January 2021

A field experiment was conducted at the farm of Cotton Research Unit, Central Research Station, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, during kharif season 2015-16 to study the effect of organic cotton on biological properties of vertisols. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 3 replications and 10 treatments comprising organic sources viz. (T1 – Farm yard manure (FYM) @ 5 t ha-1, T2 -  vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1, T3 - FYM @10 t ha-1, T4 - vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1, T5 - In-situ green manuring with sunhemp, T6 - Castor cake @ 500 kg ha-1, T7 - FYM (source of 15 kg P2O5) + green manuring with  sunhemp, T7 - FYM (source of 15 kg P2O5) + green manuring with  sunhemp, T8 - Neem cake @ 500 kg ha-1, T9  - FYM 5 t ha-1 + Neem cake @ 500 kg ha-1 and  T10 - Absolute Control). Results revealed that application of FYM @ 10 t ha-1 recorded significantly highest bacterial, fungal population during flowering and boll bursting stages of cotton. However, highest actinomycetes population was recorded by the application of vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 at flowering stage and FYM @ 10 t ha-1 at boll bursting stage of cotton. Significantly highest seed cotton yield was obtained with the concentrated organic manure i.e.  Neem cake @ 500 kg ha-1 and remained at par with Castor cake @ 500 kg ha-1, FYM 5 t ha-1 + Neem cake @ 500 kg ha-1.
Food Security and Nutritional Availability of Farmers in Tribal Areas of India: The Complexity and Challenges
Authors: Mahato Sankar Dayal , Ghoshal Swagata , Ghosh Arindam , Haque Monirul , Mandal Anwesha , Acharya S. K. , Biswas Amitava
Published: January 2021

Aims: The major objectives of the study are to estimate and elucidate health, nutrition and calorie Intake of farmer in their perspectives of relation and interaction, the general status of the operating factors of the research locale in terms of nutrition and food accessed by the target respondents, the variables as well as factors, in the forms of dependent and interdependent variables and interaction amongst and between them.

Study Design: The locale was selected by purposive as well as simple random sampling techniques and the respondents following cultivation had been interacted and were selected by the simple random sampling method.

Place of Study: Villages Sidpur and Gobindapur of Purulia-1 block of Purulia district in West Bengal were purposively selected for the study.

Methodology: In this study 60 respondents following cultivation have been interacted and are selected by the simple random sampling method. A preliminary interview schedule has been administered to understand the knowledge, perception and attitude of the people towards nutritional availability concept, communication and extension system, challenges faced due to food insecurity. The collected data had been put into multivariate analysis. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences V20.0 (SPSS) of IBM was used for correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, step-down regression analysis and path analysis.

Results: Independent variables family size (x3), family income (x5), family expenditure (x6) and health hazards (x7) have been found to exert strong and determining contribution to estimate dependent variable self-consumption of rice production (y) and the set of economic and ecological variables as selected for the study.

Conclusion: The present study has envisaged the nutritional availability and intake of calories and it should be conceived as one of the most important predicted factor and to be estimated through a set of predictor factors like family capability, home food access, personal resources etc. A nutrition professional advisory should be made to advice individuals, families, and groups on how to improve diet, lifestyle, and attitude to promote optimal health. These problems can be overcome by effective planning and allocating more funds.