bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redox Chemistry of Mn2+ on N‐Doped Porous Carbon Fibers for High‐Performance Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Sun Baolong , Chen Yunjian , Wang Ni , Wang Yang , Xie Xingchen , Zhong Li , He Lixiang , Komarneni Sridhar , Hu Wencheng
Published: April 2023

Earth‐abundant manganese (Mn) compounds have multifarious valence states that make Mn advantageous for electrochemical energy storage applications. Benefiting from the unity of opposites in redox chemistry, a novel aqueous all‐Mn energy storage device (AMESD) based on the redox chemistry of Mn2+ is proposed, which is a simple‐structured battery that can be initially assembled by two bare carbon fiber cloths (CFCs) and the electrolyte. Moreover, the effects of electrolyte optimization and the modification of CFCs on the energy storage performance of the novel battery are discussed. The device based on N‐doped porous CFCs achieves the highest areal capacity of 1.46 mAh cm−2 (≈152.1 mAh g−1), along with an energy density of 1.10 mWh cm−2 and a power density of 9.66 mW cm−2. More impressively, the charge–discharge cycles at a capacity of 0.33 mWh cm−2 are performed 40 000 times and it can maintain a high‐capacity retention rate of 93.5%. Even at a low current of 1 mA cm−2, the capacity retention rate after 100 cycles is maintained to 86%. Herein, a new option for low‐cost, ultrastable aqueous battery design is provided and the possibility of Mn‐based anodes for energy storage applications is explored.
Synthesis of Cationic Starch Compound Emulsion by Graft Copolymerization with Tea Polyphenols and AEM5700
Authors: Li Shaoxiang , Wang Lijie , Liu Jiaxin , Li Houwei , Qu Wenjuan , Cheng Jiaji , Wang Dong
Published: April 2023

An antibacterial biobased compound emulsion is prepared by modifying cationic oxidized starch grafted styrene‐acrylic emulsion with 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)‐propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride (AEM5700) and tea polyphenols. The biobased compound emulsion exhibits better stability, chemical properties, and antibacterial properties. The structure and surface morphology of biobased compound emulsion are characterized by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thermal stability of biobased compound emulsion is improved, which can be concluded from the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The surface morphology of film is observed by the atomic force microscope (AFM). The wetting property of emulsion film is tested by contact angle test. When the compound ratio is 1.5, the biobased antibacterial compound emulsion has better stability and antibacterial properties. Compared to a single antibacterial agent, the inhibition zone increases by 4–5.5 mm. In addition, the polymerization mechanism of the biobased antibacterial emulsion is analyzed.
Residual tissue magnesium concentration in jellyfish (Aurelia aurita and Cassiopea andromeda) following magnesium chloride euthanasia
Authors: Millar Zachary , Kecheliev Dimo , Wolvin Sophie , LePage Véronique , Lumsden John S.
Published: April 2023

Magnesium chloride in high concentration is used for euthanasia of jellyfish to limit overpopulation and for predatory species consumption, but its use could lead to magnesium bioaccumulation and subsequent negative effects in consumers. Two species of scyphozoan jellyfish (Cassiopea andromeda and Aurelia aurita) were subjected to freezing (control), or magnesium chloride baths (144 g/L), with subsequent 30 min baths (one or two) in fresh artificial saltwater and submitted for inductively coupled plasma analysis to determine tissue concentration. Frozen jellyfish consistently yielded the lowest magnesium concentrations, while magnesium chloride euthanized individuals contained the highest concentrations in both species. C. andromeda displayed a significantly higher (p < .05) magnesium absorption capacity than A. aurita in both trials. Single and double baths significantly decreased magnesium concentrations (p < .05) in both species, however, magnesium remained consistently elevated compared to frozen specimens. This study demonstrated species‐specific magnesium accumulation in jellyfish posteuthanasia and that rinsing was an effective method to limit excessive magnesium that could be deleterious to animals in public display aquaria. Magnesium concentrations of tissue and receiving water should be tested if magnesium chloride euthanasia is utilized for dietary supplementation in small bodies of water.
Separation of Single Core and Multicore Lytic Granules by Subcellular Fractionation and Immunoisolation
Authors: Schirra Claudia , Alawar Nadia , Becherer Ute , Chang Hsin-Fang
Published: April 2023

Subcellular fractionation is an important tool used to separate intracellular organelles, structures or proteins. Here, we describe a stepwise protocol to isolate two types of lytic granules, multicore (MCG), and single core (SCG), from primary murine CTLs. We used cell disruption by nitrogen cavitation followed by separation of organelles via discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Immunoisolation with a Synaptobrevin 2 antibody attached to magnetic beads was then used to harvest Synaptobrevin 2 positive granules for immunoblotting, mass spectrometry, electron, and light microscopy.
Hate Speech in sozialen Medien: Ein Forschungsüberblick aus Sicht der Sprachwissenschaft
Authors: Jaki Sylvia
Published: April 2023

Parallel zum Anstieg von Hate Speech in sozialen Netzwerken und anderen Online-Medien ist auch das Interesse an diesem Thema in verschiedenen Fachdisziplinen gewachsen, so dass sich mittlerweile ein eigenes Forschungsfeld etabliert hat, zu dem die unterschiedlichen Disziplinen ihren Beitrag leisten. In diesem Artikel soll der Beitrag der Linguistik zur Hate-Speech-Forschung erläutert werden, indem ein Überblick über die in diesem Feld existierende Forschung gegeben wird. Der Fokus liegt hierbei auf Untersuchungen, die dazu dienen, die sprachlichen Charakteristika von Hate Speech zu beschreiben, und weniger, diese automatisiert zu erkennen. Neben einer Zusammenfassung des Forschungsstandes ist es diesem Beitrag jedoch auch ein Anliegen, die in den verschiedenen Untersuchungen erarbeiteten Charakteristika von Hate Speech exemplarisch vorzustellen. Hierfür werden illustrierend Twitter-Daten aus drei Sprachen (Englisch, Deutsch, Niederländisch) verwendet. Der Beitrag bemüht sich jedoch auch zu zeigen, dass eine rein sprachbasierte Analyse von Hate Speech um eine multimodale Komponente erweitert werden muss, um der kommunikativen Realität der sozialen Medien ausreichend Rechnung zu tragen.
One-loop corrections to the celestial chiral algebra from Koszul Duality
Authors: Fernández Víctor E.
Published: April 2023

Abstract

We consider self-dual Yang-Mills theory (SDYM) in four dimensions and its lift to holomorphic BF theory on twistor space. Following the work of Costello and Paquette, we couple SDYM to a quartic axion field, which guarantees associativity of the (extended) celestial chiral algebra at the quantum level. We demonstrate how to reproduce their one-loop quantum deformation to the chiral algebra using Koszul duality.
Mastozytose bei Kindern
Authors: Wassmer Hanna , Hartmann Karin
Published: April 2023

Die Mastozytose bei Kindern ist eine seltene Erkrankung, die durch eine abnorme Vermehrung von Gewebemastzellen gekennzeichnet ist. Es zeigen sich typische Hautveränderungen, die als makulopapulöse kutane Mastozytose, diffuse kutane Mastozytose oder Mastozytom klassifiziert werden. Ein Teil der Patientinnen und Patienten weist zudem Mastzellmediatorsymptome wie Juckreiz, Flush und Anaphylaxie auf. Bei vielen Kindern ist die Erkrankung durch einen benignen, meist selbstlimitierenden Verlauf charakterisiert; nur selten findet sich eine systemische Mastozytose mit extrakutaner Beteiligung und chronischem oder progressivem Verlauf. Therapeutisch werden in erster Linie H1-Antihistaminika eingesetzt, je nach Schwere bedarfsorientiert oder als Dauertherapie. Kinder, Eltern und Betreuungspersonen sollten sorgfältig über das Krankheitsbild und mögliche Trigger-Faktoren der Mastzellmediatorfreisetzung aufgeklärt werden. Für Kinder mit ausgeprägten Hautveränderungen und schweren Symptomen ist die Verordnung eines Adrenalin-Autoinjektors zur Notfallbehandlung empfehlenswert.
General Surgery Faculty Knowledge and Perceptions of Breast Pumping Amongst Postpartum Surgical Residents
Authors: Freudenberger Devon C. , Herremans Kelly M. , Riner Andrea N. , Vudatha Vignesh , McGuire Kandace P. , Anand Rahul J. , Trevino Jose G.
Published: April 2023

Background

There is a lack of data regarding the knowledge and perceptions teaching faculty possess about breast pumping among general surgery residents despite breast pumping becoming more common during training. This study aimed to examine faculty knowledge and perceptions of breast pumping amongst general surgery residents.

Methods

A 29‐question survey measuring knowledge and perceptions about breast pumping was administered online to United States teaching faculty from March–April 2022. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize responses, Fisher's exact test was used to report differences in responses by surgeon sex and age, and qualitative analysis identified recurrent themes.

Results

156 responses were analyzed; 58.6% were male and 41.4% were female, and the majority (63.5%) were less than 50 years old. Nearly all (97.7%) women with children breast pumped, while 75.3% of men with children had partners who pumped. Men more often than women indicated “I don't know” when asked about frequency (24.7 vs. 7.9%, p = 0.041) and duration (25.0 vs. 9.5%, p = 0.007) of pumping. Nearly all surgeons are comfortable (97.4%) discussing lactation needs and support (98.1%) breast pumping, yet only two‐thirds feel their institutions are supportive. Almost half (41.0%) of surgeons agreed that breast pumping does not impact operating room workflow. Recurring themes included normalizing breast pumping, creating change to better support residents, and communicating needs between all parties.

Conclusions

Teaching faculty may have supportive perceptions about breast pumping, but knowledge gaps may hinder greater levels of support. Opportunities exist for increased faculty education, communication, and policies to better support breast pumping residents.
Thyroidea ima artery multiple branching pattern over the trachea
Authors: Totlis T. , Natsis K. , Achlatis V. , Pettas T. , Piagkou M.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The current cadaveric report describes a rare case of a thyroidea ima artery (TIA) with multiple branching pattern over the trachea.

Methods

A cadaver dissection of the neck and thorax region of a formalin-embalmed 90-year-old male cadaver of a body donor took place. The body donation was made after a signed informed consent.

Results

The TIA variant originated from the brachiocephalic artery before its bifurcation into the right common carotid artery (CCA) and right subclavian artery (SCA). TIA further divided into three anterior and two posterior branches, with subsequent multiple division into smaller branches. All branches were located anterior and right side to the trachea. The anterior branches supplied the infrahyoid muscles and the posterior ones supplied the thyroid gland inferior lobes and the inferior parathyroid glands. The TIA coexisted with a brachiocephalico-carotid trunk, derived after the left CCA and brachiocephalic artery fusion.

Conclusion

The presence of multiple arterial branches over the trachea creates a high risk for excessive bleeding during tracheotomy or cricothyroidotomy.
Accounting for outliers in optimal subsampling methods
Authors: Deldossi Laura , Pesce Elena , Tommasi Chiara
Published: April 2023

Nowadays, in many different fields, massive data are available and for several reasons, it might be convenient to analyze just a subset of the data. The application of the D-optimality criterion can be helpful to optimally select a subsample of observations. However, it is well known that D-optimal support points lie on the boundary of the design space and if they go hand in hand with extreme response values, they can have a severe influence on the estimated linear model (leverage points with high influence). To overcome this problem, firstly, we propose a non-informative “exchange” procedure that enables us to select a “nearly” D-optimal subset of observations without high leverage values. Then, we provide an informative version of this exchange procedure, where besides high leverage points also the outliers in the responses (that are not necessarily associated to high leverage points) are avoided. This is possible because, unlike other design situations, in subsampling from big datasets the response values may be available. Finally, both the non-informative and informative selection procedures are adapted to I-optimality, with the goal of getting accurate predictions.
Interstitial cells of Cajal: clinical relevance in pediatric gastrointestinal motility disorders
Authors: Friedmacher Florian , Rolle Udo
Published: April 2023

Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are pacemaker cells of gastrointestinal motility that generate and transmit electrical slow waves to smooth muscle cells in the gut wall, thus inducing phasic contractions and coordinated peristalsis. Traditionally, tyrosine-protein kinase Kit (c-kit), also known as CD117 or mast/stem cell growth factor receptor, has been used as the primary marker of ICCs in pathology specimens. More recently, the Ca2+-activated chloride channel, anoctamin-1, has been introduced as a more specific marker of ICCs. Over the years, various gastrointestinal motility disorders have been described in infants and young children in which symptoms of functional bowel obstruction arise from ICC-related neuromuscular dysfunction of the colon and rectum. The current article provides a comprehensive overview of the embryonic origin, distribution, and functions of ICCs, while also illustrating the absence or deficiency of ICCs in pediatric patients with Hirschsprung disease intestinal neuronal dysplasia, isolated hypoganglionosis, internal anal sphincter achalasia, and congenital smooth muscle cell disorders such as megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome.
Association between urinary iodine excretion, genetic disposition and fluid intelligence in children, adolescents and young adults: the DONALD study
Authors: Schulz Christina-Alexandra , Weinhold Leonie , Schmid Matthias , Nöthen Markus M. , Nöthlings Ute
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Iodine deficiency increases the risk of cognitive impairment and delayed physical development in children. It is also associated with cognitive impairment in adults. Cognitive abilities are among the most inheritable behavioural traits. However, little is known about the consequences of insufficient postnatal iodine intake and whether the individual genetic disposition modifies the association between iodine intake and fluid intelligence in children and young adults.

Methods

The cultural fair intelligence test was used to assess fluid intelligence in the participants of the DONALD study (n = 238; mean age, 16.5 [SD = 7.7] years). Urinary iodine excretion, a surrogate iodine intake marker, was measured in 24-h urine. Individual genetic disposition (n = 162) was assessed using a polygenic score, associated with general cognitive function. Linear regression analyses were conducted to determine whether Urinary iodine excretion was associated with fluid intelligence and whether this association was modified by individual genetic disposition.

Results

Urinary iodine excretion above the age-specific estimated average requirement was associated with a five-point higher fluid intelligence score than that below the estimated average requirement (P = 0.02). The polygenic score was positively associated with the fluid intelligence score (β = 2.3; P = 0.03). Participants with a higher polygenic score had a higher fluid intelligence score.

Conclusion

Urinary iodine excretion above the estimated average requirement in childhood and adolescence is beneficial for fluid intelligence. In adults, fluid intelligence was positively associated with a polygenic score for general cognitive function. No evidence showed that the individual genetic disposition modifies the association between Urinary iodine excretion and fluid intelligence.
One-stage revision versus debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) for acute prosthetic knee infection: an exploratory cohort study
Authors: Okafor Charles Ebuka , Nghiem Son , Byrnes Joshua
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Studies have shown that debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) is an effective procedure for acute infection of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study aimed to explore DAIR and one-stage revision for homogenous cohorts with acute postoperative and acute hematogenous infection of TKA, without compelling indications to perform a staged revision.

Materials and methods

This study was an exploratory analysis that used retrospective data from Queensland Health, Australia, for DAIR and one-stage revision of TKA between June 2010 and May 2017 (3-year average follow-up). The re-revision burden, mortality rate, and the cost of the interventions were explored. Costs were expressed in 2020 Australian dollars.

Results

There were 15 (DAIR) and 142 (one-stage) patients with homogenous characteristics in the sample. The re-revision burden for DAIR was 20%, while for one-stage revision it was 12.68%. Two deaths were associated with a one-stage revision and no death was associated with DAIR. The total cost since the index revision of DAIR, $162,939, was higher than for one-stage revision $130,924 (pvalue = 0.501), due to higher re-revision burden.

Conclusions

This study would suggest the use of one-stage revision over DAIR for acute postoperative and acute hematogenous infection of TKA. It suggests that there could be other potential criteria which have not been ascertained that need to be considered for optimal DAIR selection. The study indicates the need for more research and, of note, high-quality randomized controlled trials to provide a well-defined treatment protocol with high level of evidence to guide patient selection for DAIR.
Künstliche Emotion – Zum ethischen Umgang mit Gefühlen zwischen Mensch und Technik
Authors: Manzeschke Arne , Assadi Galia
Published: April 2023

Der Diskurs um emotions- und soziosensitive Roboter in der Pflege kann aktuell eher als Ausdruck eines technologischen Solutionismus interpretiert werden, denn als realitätsgerechte Beschreibung des pflegerischen Alltags. Aus ethischer Perspektive ist demnach weniger drängend die Frage zu beantworten, wie die Systeme bzw. deren Einsatz aktuell konkret bewertet werden können, sondern welche Rolle dieser KI-gestützten Systemart in den Technikvisionen und -fiktionen zugeschrieben wird und welche normativen Aspekte bei der Entwicklung und dem Einsatz zukünftig Beachtung finden sollten. Dazu werden Elemente eines anthropologischen und ethischen Reflexionsraums skizziert, welcher Aspekte benennt, die bei der Entwicklung dieser Art von Technik zu bedenken sind. Um fundierte ethische Urteilsbildung zu ermöglichen, wird eine fünfdimensionale Heuristik präsentiert, die anhand der Dimensionen Emotion, Interaktion, Kontext, Akteur und Aktant eine konkrete Situationsanalyse gestattet. Auf dieser empirisch informierten Basis können implementierbare technische Lösungen entwickelt werden bzw. bereits entwickelte ethisch evaluiert werden.
Kulturelle und räumliche Determinanten der Umsatzrentabilität von Musikspielstätten in Deutschland
Authors: Üblacker Jan , Krause Johannes , Blömeke Niklas , Rühl Heiko , Huseljic Katharina
Published: April 2023

Musikspielstätten sind ein integraler Teil der Musikwirtschaft und leisten durch ihre Aktivitäten auch einen sozialen und kulturellen Mehrwert in den Städten und Regionen. Sie dienen als Orte für künstlerische Experimente, für neue Talente und für Begegnungen und Austausch. Das trifft in besonderem Maße auf kleine Musikspielstätten zu, die in einem Spannungsfeld aus musikalisch-ästhetischem Anspruch und den ökonomischen Notwendigkeiten eines Gewerbebetriebs operieren. Insbesondere in prosperierenden Städten stehen sie oftmals unter Druck.

Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht der vorliegende Beitrag verschiedene Determinanten der Umsatzrentabilität von Musikspielstätten. Dabei betrachten wir kulturelle und räumliche Aspekte, um zu klären, ob und in welchem Maße diese den Umsatz beeinflussen. Die Ergebnisse der quantitativen Auswertung stammen aus zwei Analysen: (1) eine deskriptive Bestandsaufnahme kultureller und ökonomischer Kennzahlen und (2) eine multivariate Regressionsanalyse, um Zusammenhänge zwischen strukturellen, kulturellen und ökonomischen Merkmalen zu untersuchen.

Unsere Befunde zeigen, dass neben dem zu erwartenden positiven Einfluss von Kapazität und Anzahl der Veranstaltungen auch verschiedene Aspekte der Programmgestaltung (z. B. Genrevielfalt und Vielfalt der Veranstaltungsformate) signifikant mit der Umsatzhöhe zusammenhängen. Die Ergebnisse liefern wichtige Hinweise für politische Entscheidungsträger:innen, die die kulturelle Vielfalt und Lebendigkeit ihrer lokalen Musik-Ökosysteme fördern möchten.
The learning curve to ROSA: cases needed to match the surgery time between a robotic-assisted and a manual primary total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Kenanidis Eustathios , Boutos Panagiotis , Sitsiani Olga , Tsiridis Eleftherios
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Limited published data regarding the ROSA (Robotic Surgical Assistant) learning curve exist. This study evaluated the number of cases needed for an expert orthopaedic surgeon to master the ROSA system and match the operative time of robotic (raTKAs) and manual primary total knee arthroplasties (mTKAs).

Methods

This retrospective comparative cohort study included two hundred patients with primary knee osteoarthritis. The study group consisted of an expert surgeon’s first 100 raTKAs. The control group included 100 patients that underwent mTKAs from the same surgeon during the same period. The consecutive cases in each group were divided into ten subgroups, each of 10 cases. The groups were comparable concerning age, sex, BMI and Kellgren–Lawrence classification. We compared each subgroup's operative time and complications in mTKA and raTKA groups. We performed a cumsum analysis to construct the ROSA learning curve.

Results

The first non-significant difference between the mTKAs and raTKAs operative times was observed in the subgroup of 62 to 71 cases. Till then, the operative time has been significantly lower for the mTKA than the raTKA group. The following groups of tens analysis (8th, 9th and 10th) showed no operative time difference between groups. The learning curve analysis demonstrated that the surgeon switched to the mastering phase from case 73 onwards. The two groups had no complication rate differences.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that about 70 cases are necessary for a senior surgeon to balance operative time between mTKAs and raTKAs using the ROSA system.
Exploring depression in Parkinson’s disease: an Italian Delphi Consensus on phenomenology, diagnosis, and management
Authors: Stocchi Fabrizio , Angelo Antonini  , Barone Paolo , Bellelli Giuseppe , Fagiolini Andrea , Ferini Strambi Luigi , Sorbi Sandro , Padovani Alessandro
Published: April 2023

Background

Depression is a prodromic and a frequent non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease, associated to reduced quality of life and poor outcomes. The diagnosis of depression in parkinsonian patients represents a challenge due to the overlapping of symptoms typical of the two conditions.

Methods

A Delphi panel survey was performed to reach a consensus amongst different Italian specialists on four main topics: the neuropathological correlates of depression, main clinical aspects, diagnosis, and management of depression in Parkinson’s disease.

Results and conclusion

Experts have recognized that depression is an established risk factor of PD and that its anatomic substrate is related to the neuropathological abnormalities typical of the disease. Multimodal and SSRI antidepressant have been confirmed as a valid therapeutic option in the treatment of depression in PD. Tolerability, safety profile, and potential efficacy on broad spectrum of symptoms of depression including cognitive symptoms and anhedonia should be considered when selecting an antidepressant and the choice should be tailored on the patients’ characteristics.
Iterative optimal solutions of linear matrix equations for hyperspectral and multispectral image fusing
Authors: Uhlig Frank , Xu An-Bao
Published: April 2023

For a linear matrix functionfin$$X \in {\mathbb {R}}^{m\times n}$$X∈Rm×nwe consider inhomogeneous linear matrix equations$$f(X) = E$$f(X)=Efor$$E \ne 0$$E≠0that have or do not have solutions. For such systems we compute optimal norm constrained solutions iteratively using the Conjugate Gradient and Lanczos’ methods in combination with the More–Sorensen optimizer. We build codes for ten linear matrix equations, of Sylvester, Lyapunov, Stein and structured types and their T-versions, that differ only in two five times repeated equation specific code lines. Numerical experiments with linear matrix equations are performed that illustrate universality and efficiency of our method for dense and small data matrices, as well as for sparse and certain structured input matrices. Specifically we show how to adapt our universal method for sparse inputs and for structured data such as encountered when fusing image data sets via a Sylvester equation algorithm to obtain an image of higher resolution.
ILEOSTIM trial: a study protocol to evaluate the effectiveness of efferent loop stimulation before ileostomy reversal
Authors: Blanco N. , Oliva I. , Tejedor P. , Pastor E. , Alvarellos A. , Pastor C. , Baixauli J. , Arredondo J.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

A protective loop ileostomy is the most useful method to reduce sequelae in the event of an anastomotic leakage (AL) after rectal cancer surgery. However, it requires an additional stoma reversal surgery with its own potential complications. Postoperative ileus (POI) remains the most common complication after ileostomy reversal, which leads to an increase in morbidity, length of hospital stay (LOS) and overall healthcare costs. Several retrospective studies carried out in this field have concluded that there are insufficient evidence-based recommendations about the routine application of preoperative bowel stimulation in clinical practice. Here we discuss whether stimulation of the efferent limb before ileostomy reversal might reduce POI and improve postoperative outcomes.

Methods

This is a multicentre randomised controlled trial to determine whether mechanical stimulation of the efferent limb during the 2 weeks before the ileostomy reversal would help to reduce the development of POI after surgery. This study was registered on Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05302557). Stimulation will consist of infusing a solution of 500 ml of saline chloride solution mixed with a thickening agent (Resource©, Nestlé Health Science; 6.4 g sachet) into the distal limb of the ileostomy loop. This will be performed within the 2 weeks before ileostomy reversal, in an outpatient clinic under the supervision of a trained stoma nurse.

Conclusion

The results of this study could provide some insights into the preoperative management of these patients.
Symmetry and Invariant Bases in Finite Element Exterior Calculus
Authors: Licht Martin W.
Published: April 2023

We study symmetries of bases and spanning sets in finite element exterior calculus, using representation theory. We want to know which vector-valued finite element spaces have bases invariant under permutation of vertex indices. The permutations of vertex indices correspond to the symmetry group of the simplex. That symmetry group is represented on simplicial finite element spaces by the pullback action. We determine a natural notion of invariance and sufficient conditions on the dimension and polynomial degree for the existence of invariant bases. We conjecture that these conditions are necessary too. We utilize Djoković and Malzan’s classification of monomial irreducible representations of the symmetric group and show new symmetries of the geometric decomposition and canonical isomorphisms of the finite element spaces. Explicit invariant bases with complex coefficients are constructed in dimensions two and three for different spaces of finite element differential forms.
Metabolic profiling of patients with different idiopathic inflammatory myopathy subtypes reveals potential biomarkers in plasma
Authors: Zhao Qianqian , Hu Qiu , Meng Shuhui , Zhang Qinguo , Wang Tingting , Liu Cuilian , Liu Dongzhou , Jiang Zhenyou , Hong Xiaoping
Published: April 2023

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) are heterogeneous autoimmune diseases that primarily affect the proximal muscles. IIM subtypes include dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), and anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS). Metabolic disturbances may cause irreversible structural damage to muscle fibers in patients with IIM. However, the metabolite profile of patients with different IIM subtypes remains elusive. To investigate metabolic alterations and identify patients with different IIM subtypes, we comprehensively profiled plasma metabolomics of 46 DM, 13 PM, 12 ASS patients, and 30 healthy controls (HCs) using UHPLC-Q Exactive HF mass spectrometer. Multiple statistical analyses and random forest were used to discover differential metabolites and potential biomarkers. We found that tryptophan metabolism, phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, beta-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids, alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid metabolism, steroidogenesis, bile acid biosynthesis, purine metabolism, and caffeine metabolism are all enriched in the DM, PM, and ASS groups. We also found that different subtypes of IIM have their unique metabolic pathways. We constructed three models (five metabolites) to identify DM, PM, ASS from HC in the discovery and validation sets. Five to seven metabolites can distinguish DM from PM, DM from ASS, and PM from ASS. A panel of seven metabolites can identify anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 positive (MDA5 +) DM with high accuracy in the discovery and validation sets. Our results provide potential biomarkers for diagnosing different subtypes of IIM and a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of IIM.
Beyond farming women: queering gender, work and family farms
Authors: Pfammatter Prisca , Jongerden Joost
Published: April 2023

The issue of gender and agriculture has been on the research agendas of civil society organisations, governments, and academia since the 1970s. Starting from the role of women in agriculture, research has mainly focused on the gendered division of work and the normative constitution of the farm as masculine. Although the gendered division of work has been questioned, the idea of binary gender has mostly been taken as a given. This explorative research shifts the attention from the production of (traditional) gender roles to the making and unmaking of binary gender. An ethnographic study of four farms in Switzerland is drawn on to explore queer farming practices and investigate how queer farmers navigate gender normativity and what this tells us about gender in agriculture more broadly. After considering the mechanisms through which queer farmers are discouraged from farming as a livelihood on the basis of their sex, gender or sexuality, this article argues that queer farmers de- and re-construct gender and farming identities differently, which has research and policy implications for a more diverse and resilient rurality.
Dynamic stochastic modeling for adaptive sampling of environmental variables using an AUV
Authors: Berget Gunhild Elisabeth , Eidsvik Jo , Alver Morten Omholt , Johansen Tor Arne
Published: April 2023

Discharge of mine tailings significantly impacts the ecological status of the sea. Methods to efficiently monitor the extent of dispersion is essential to protect sensitive areas. By combining underwater robotic sampling with ocean models, we can choose informative sampling sites and adaptively change the robot’s path based on in situ measurements to optimally map the tailings distribution near a seafill. This paper creates a stochastic spatio-temporal proxy model of dispersal dynamics using training data from complex numerical models. The proxy model consists of a spatio-temporal Gaussian process model based on an advection–diffusion stochastic partial differential equation. Informative sampling sites are chosen based on predictions from the proxy model using an objective function favoring areas with high uncertainty and high expected tailings concentrations. A simulation study and data from real-life experiments are presented.
Elabela, a Novel Peptide, Exerts Neuroprotective Effects Against Ischemic Stroke Through the APJ/miR-124-3p/CTDSP1/AKT Pathway
Authors: Zhang Kang-long , Li Shuang-mei , Hou Jing-yu , Hong Ying-hui , Chen Xu-xiang , Zhou Chang-qing , Wu Hao , Zheng Guang-hui , Zeng Chao-tao , Wu Hai-dong , Fu Jia-ying , Wang Tong
Published: April 2023

Elabela (ELA), which is the second endogenous peptide ligand of the apelin receptor (APJ) to be discovered, has been widely studied for potential use as a therapeutic peptide. However, its role in ischemic stroke (IS), which is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide and has limited therapeutic options, is uncertain. The aim of the present study was to investigate the beneficial effects of ELA on neuron survival after ischemia and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Primary cortical neurons were isolated from the cerebral cortex of pregnant C57BL/6J mice. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence showed that ELA inhibited oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) -induced apoptosis and axonal damage in vitro. Additionally, analysis of the Gene Expression Omnibus database revealed that the expression of microRNA-124-3p (miR-124-3p) was decreased in blood samples from patients with IS, while the expression of C-terminal domain small phosphatase 1 (CTDSP1) was increased. These results indicated that miR-124-3p and CTDSP1 were related to ischemic stroke, and there might be a negative regulatory relationship between them. Then, we found that ELA significantly elevated miR-124-3p expression, suppressed CTDSP1 expression, and increased p-AKT expression by binding to the APJ receptor under OGD in vitro. A dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that CTDSP1 was a direct target of miR-124-3p. Furthermore, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of CTDSP1 exacerbated neuronal apoptosis and axonal damage and suppressed AKT phosphorylation, while treatment with ELA or miR-124-3p mimics reversed these effects. In conclusion, these results indicated that ELA could alleviate neuronal apoptosis and axonal damage by upregulating miR-124-3p and activating the CTDSP1/AKT signaling pathway. This study, for the first time, verified the protective effect of ELA against neuronal injury after ischemia and revealed the underlying mechanisms. We demonstrated the potential for the use of ELA as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of ischemic stroke.

Graphical Abstract
Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioral Group Interventions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Joaquim Stephanie Bittencourt , Simões de Almeida Raquel , Marques António J.
Published: April 2023

Background

Transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy (tCBT) has presented itself as an intervention proposal that aims to integrate the common processes of human functioning with the therapeutic strategies of conventional cognitive-behavioral therapy, considered the gold standard for treating numerous disorders.

Objective

As far as we know, this review is the first to specifically evaluate transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral interventions in groups. This review aimed to systematically examine the evidence regarding the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral transdiagnostic interventions in groups for the adult population compared to the general interventions or no intervention (control/waiting list).

Method

The report of the systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched, obtaining a total of 1,058 records. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 32 articles, published between 2005 and 2022, were selected. Eligible studies were submitted to the assessment of the potential risk of bias through Cochrane's tool for risk assessment of bias (RoB 2).

Results

The results suggest that transdiagnostic treatments are superior to waiting list conditions and the common treatments, and are at least as effective as active control interventions and specific cognitive-behavioral treatments for diagnosis.
On the origin, characteristics, and usefulness of instrumental and relational understanding
Authors: Herheim Rune
Published: April 2023

In this
paper, the aim is to make a theoretical contribution by focusing on the origin, characteristics, and potential values of the concepts of instrumental and relational understanding. Five characteristics are identified to make it easier to operationalise the concepts and use them as an analytical framework. There is also a focus on how the concepts are closely related to two rationales for learning, the instrumental and the social rationale. The potential values of the concepts and their rationales are shown by using them to suggest a revision of the van Hiele framework and to analyse three empirical examples concerning young students’ understanding of triangles and a cylinder.
Carbon fluxes related to land use and land cover change in Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Ulrich Veit , Schultz Michael , Lautenbach Sven , Zipf Alexander
Published: April 2023

Spatially explicit information on carbon fluxes related to land use and land cover change (LULCC) is of value for the implementation of local climate change mitigation strategies. However, estimates of these carbon fluxes are often aggregated to larger areas. We estimated committed gross carbon fluxes related to LULCC in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, using different emission factors. In doing so, we compared four different data sources regarding their suitability for estimating the fluxes: (a) a land cover dataset derived from OpenStreetMap (OSMlanduse); (b) OSMlanduse with removal of sliver polygons (OSMlanduse cleaned), (c) OSMlanduse enhanced with a remote sensing time series analysis (OSMlanduse+); (d) the LULCC product of Landschaftsveränderungsdienst (LaVerDi) from the German Federal Agency of Cartography and Geodesy. We produced a high range of carbon flux estimates, mostly caused by differences in the area of the LULCC detected by the different change methods. Except for the OSMlanduse change method, all LULCC methods achieved results that are comparable to other gross emission estimates. The carbon flux estimates of the most plausible change methods, OSMlanduse cleaned and OSMlanduse+, were 291,710 Mg C yr-1 and 93,591 Mg C yr-1, respectively. Uncertainties were mainly caused by incomplete spatial coverage of OSMlanduse, false positive LULCC due to changes and corrections made in OpenStreetMap during the study period, and a high number of sliver polygons in the OSMlanduse changes. Overall, the results showed that OSM can be successfully used to estimate LULCC carbon fluxes if data preprocessing is performed with the suggested methods.
Health risk assessment of methyl mercury from fish consumption in a sample of adult Qatari residents
Authors: Al-Sulaiti Maetha M. , Al-Ghouti Mohammad A. , Ramadan Gouda A. , Soubra Lama
Published: April 2023

Fish constitutes an essential source of high-quality protein and is, at the same time, the source of exposure to many hazardous contaminants, namely mercury and methyl mercury (MeHg). This study aims at assessing the risk that MeHg poses to the health of adult Qatari residents through fish consumption. Data on fish consumption were collected using a self-administered online survey composed of three sections that collected information about the fish-eating patterns of the participants. The fish species that were reported to be consumed by ≥ 3% of the respondents were sampled and analyzed for their total mercury (T-Hg) content levels. MeHg concentrations were derived from T-Hg content levels using a scenario-based approach. Disaggregated fish consumption and contamination data were combined using the deterministic approach to estimate MeHg intakes. The average, 75th, and 95th percentiles of the MeHg intake estimates were determined and compared to the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) set by the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) (1.3 μg·kg−1·w−1). All fish samples contained T-Hg at levels ˂ 0.3–0.5 µg/g with a mean value of 0.077 µg/g. The study population had an average fish consumption of 736.0 g/week. The average estimated weekly intakes of MeHg exceeded TWI for some fish consumers including females of childbearing age and those following a high-protein diet. Our study highlights the need to establish regulatory guidelines and dietary advice based on risk/benefit ratio.
Marine food consumption by adult Atlantic salmon and energetic impacts of increased ocean temperatures caused by climate change
Authors: Strøm John Fredrik , Ugedal Ola , Rikardsen Audun Håvard , Thorstad Eva Bonsak
Published: April 2023

Atlantic salmon Salmo salar are experiencing widespread population declines, and reductions in growth and survival in the marine environment are contributing factors. Our aims were to estimate marine food consumption of adult salmon and to determine how energetics would be directly affected by the increased ocean temperatures associated with climate change. We tagged previous spawners on outward migration (body size 76–119 cm) with archival tags and used a bioenergetic model to combine in situ temperature recordings with individual data on body growth. Average energy consumption was estimated to be 331–813 kJ per day, which is equivalent to 5–11 prey fish with an average body mass of ca. 15 g. Energy content of prey was the most important factor determining food consumption required to maintain growth. Conversely, the increases in ocean temperatures expected with climate change were predicted to have limited physiological effects on energy budgets and limited impact on the food consumption needed to maintain growth. We conclude that climatic warming will impact Atlantic salmon primarily through changes in prey availability and ecosystem structure rather than the direct effects of temperature on physiological performance.
The effectiveness of vaccination, testing, and lockdown strategies against COVID-19
Authors: Fritz Marlon , Gries Thomas , Redlin Margarete
Published: April 2023

The ability of various policy activities to reduce the reproduction rate of the COVID-19 disease is widely discussed. Using a stringency index that comprises a variety of lockdown levels, such as school and workplace closures, we analyze the effectiveness of government restrictions. At the same time, we investigate the capacity of a range of lockdown measures to lower the reproduction rate by considering vaccination rates and testing strategies. By including all three components in an SIR (Susceptible, Infected, Recovery) model, we show that a general and comprehensive test strategy is instrumental in reducing the spread of COVID-19. The empirical study demonstrates that testing and isolation represent a highly effective and preferable approach towards overcoming the pandemic, in particular until vaccination rates have risen to the point of herd immunity.
A Review of the Efficiency of White Light (or Other) Emissions in Singly and Co-Doped Dy3+ Ions in Different Host (Phosphate, Silicate, Aluminate) Materials
Authors: Reddy Leelakrishna
Published: April 2023

In this review we will present several research papers pertaining to white colour (or other) emission from Dy3+ doped and undoped phosphor materials. The search for a single component phosphor material that could deliver high quality white light under UV or near UV excitation is an area of active research for commercial purposes. Amongst all rare earth elements Dy3+ is the only ion that could deliver simultaneously blue and yellow light under UV excitation. In optimizing the Yellow/Blue emission intensity ratios, white light emission can be realized. Dy3+ (4f9) displays approximately 4 emission peaks at around 480 nm, 575 nm, 670 and 758 nm corresponding to transitions from the metastable 4F9/2 state to various lower states, such as 6H15/2 (blue), 6H13/2 (yellow), 6H11/2 (red) and 6H9/2 (brownish red), respectively. In general, the hypersensitive transition at 6H13/2 (yellow) is electric dipole in nature and becomes prominent only when Dy3+ ions are positioned at low symmetric sites with no inversion symmetry in the host matrix. On the other hand, the blue magnetic dipole transition at 6H15/2 becomes prominent only when Dy3+ ions are positioned at highly symmetric sites in the host material with inversion symmetry. Despite the white colour emission from the Dy3+ ions, these transitions are mainly associated with parity forbidden 4f -4f transitions, the white light produced maybe diminished at times, hence the need to include a sensitizer to bolster the forbidden transitions experienced by Dy3+ ions. In this review we will focus on the variability of the Yellow/Blue emission intensities in different host materials (phosphates, silicates, and aluminates) from Dy3+ ions (doped or undoped) by studying their photoluminescent properties (PL), their CIE chromaticity coordinates and correlated colour temperature (CCT) values for white colour emissions that is adaptable to different environmental conditions.
Empowerment: Freud, Canguilhem and Lacan on the ideal of health promotion
Authors: de Boer Bas , Aydin Ciano
Published: April 2023

Empowerment is a prominent ideal in health promotion. However, the exact meaning of this ideal is often not made explicit. In this paper, we outline an account of empowerment grounded in the human capacity to adapt and adjust to environmental and societal norms without being completely determined by those norms. Our account reveals a tension at the heart of empowerment between (a) the ability of self-governance and (b) the need to adapt and adjust to environmental and societal norms. We address this tension by drawing from the work of Freud, Canguilhem, and Lacan. First, we clarify through a discussion of Freud’s notion of sublimation that it is difficult to assess empowerment independent of any social valuations, but also that it is no less problematic to make it dependent on social valuations alone. Second, we draw from the work of Canguilhem to show how empowerment can be understood in terms of the individual’s capacity to tolerate the aggressions of a multiplicity of environments. Third, using Lacan, we show how empowerment requires incorporation of social and symbolic norms, without necessarily rendering ourselves a mere product of these norms. Finally, we demonstrate how the views of these authors can complement one another, resulting in a more sophisticated understanding of empowerment.