bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconciliation and the Prevented Feud in the Tacitean Corpus
Authors: Rudman Nicholas
Published: February 2025

This article examines the nonviolent ending of feuds within the Tacitean corpus by studying two different scene types, which I term “full reconciliation” and “the prevented feud.” The historian suggests that both methods of conflict resolution are highly beneficial to society in theory and shows that the latter in particular may represent an opportunity for the principes to fix one of the failures of Roman republican governance. In practice, however, Tacitus's emperors frequently abuse both concepts to serve corrupt ends, casting doubt on whether the principate truly had an effective means of settling disputes among the Roman populace.
Work Stress, Burnout, and Patient Satisfaction Towards Nurses Working in Medicare Hospital, Multan
Authors: Ghazanfar Robina , Noreen Hafsa , Sher Nuzhat , Nouman Adeel
Published: February 2025

Nurse burnout and work-related stress are critical factors that can influence patient care quality. Understanding their impact on patient satisfaction, particularly in high-pressure settings like emergency departments, is essential for improving healthcare outcomes. Objective: To assess the association between burnout and work stress in nurses with patient satisfaction in the emergency department. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Emergency Department of Medicare Hospital, Multan, from December 2023 to December 2024. A total of 100 nurses working in the emergency department for at least 1 year were included in the study. Study data was collected through questionnaires. A 22-item Nursing Stress Scale was used to assess work stress through incidences in the workspace. A 16-item Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Services Scale was used to evaluate burnout in nurses. The questionnaire was divided into three sections: emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and personal effectiveness. Patient satisfaction was measured on a 12-item La Mónica-Oberst Patient Satisfaction Scale presented to emergency department patients after 1-2 days of admission. Results: No significant associations were observed between demographic and professional parameters, stress, burnout, and patient satisfaction. The mean satisfaction score was 4.71 ± 0.93, showing an adequate positive perception among patients. The mean nurse stress score was 0.99 ± 0.10, emotional exhaustion score was 2.02 ± 0.28, cynicism score was 1.49 ± 0.21, and personal effectiveness score was 5.08 ± 0.30, indicating low stress, exhaustion, and cynicism which lead to high performance. Only 5% of the nurses experienced burnout, which was associated with stress experienced at work. However, patient satisfaction was not associated with burnout or stress levels of nurses. Conclusion: Stress and burnout parameters of nurses were not significantly associated with patient satisfaction. However, further research is needed in this field.
Pluripotency Stem Cell Marker Expression and Apoptotic Changes in Placental Tissues of Normal and Intra-Uterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) Babies of Iraqi Mothers: A Comparative Study
Authors: Noel Khalida Ibrahim , Abdulateef Hayder Hamed , Khamees Nibras Hatim
Published: February 2025

Background: The placenta is a vital organ for embryo development, providing nutrition, waste elimination, and communication with the mother. It also facilitates nutrient transfer and stem cell creation. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can impact the unborn child's growth during pregnancy. Objective: To examine the immunohistochemical expression of NANOG and CASP3 in both normal and IUGR placental tissues. Methods: The study involved 90 healthy mothers and their babies at 38-40 weeks of pregnancy. Doppler ultrasonography confirmed idiopathic fetal IUGR. Placentas were categorized into control and IUGR groups, with each tissue block immunohistochemically stained for NANOG and CASP3 markers. Results: Expression of the NANOG antibody in placental tissue of both normal and IUGR cases revealed a low intensity of expression in both normal and IUGR placentae and not significantly different. The expression of the CASP3 marker showed statistically significant results regarding staining intensity, percentage, and total score calculation between the normal and IUGR cases. It was of low intensity in most normal cases compared to the strong intensity of marker expression in most IUGR cases. Conclusions: Embryonic stem cells showed a diminished expression by NANOG in placentae of both normal and IUGR cases attributed to the trimester of pregnancy that decreased its expression in the third trimester generally as the stem cells become less evident as we go through the trimesters of pregnancy. On the other hand, apoptosis is one of the important changes associated with placental pathology like IUGR.
Differential mRNA Expression of Glucocorticoid Bioavailability Modulators and a Neurotrophic Factor in Three Organs Implicated in the Chicken Stress Response
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Shatarh University, Al-Shatrah, Thi-Qar, Iraq, Kadhim Hakeem J. ,   CEMB program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
Published: February 2025

The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis remains active despite the elevated corticosterone (CORT) levels during immobilization stress (IMS). This indicates that the HPA axis activity is dependent not only on CORT concentrations but also on the availability of free active CORT that is unbound of corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) and is activated by the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) enzyme. The study examined the CORT levels in the blood and the mRNA expression of both proopiomelanocortin gene in the anterior pituitary gland (APit) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the septohypothalamus during IMS. Additionally, the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), 11β-HSD, and CBG were analyzed in the septohypothalamus, APit, and liver. The experiment included three male Cobb 500 chicken groups, a control group, and two treatment groups exposed to 60 or 120 minutes of IMS. Blood, brain, APit, and liver were collected at 35 days of age (N= 12 samples/group). CORT concentrations in blood were quantified using radioimmunoassay, while reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to measure mRNA levels of CBG, 11β-HSD1, 11β-HSD2, and BDNF in the septohypothalamus, APit, and liver. The findings suggested that the IMS activated the HPA axis, as demonstrated by increased CORT levels and changes in proopiomelanocortin expression within the APit of stressed chickens compared to unstressed ones. The septohypothalamus of stressed chickens showed an increase in the CBG, BDNF, and 11β-HSD1 mRNA levels, whereas 11β-HSD2 and GRs expression remained stable compared to the control group. Although CBG and BDNF expression decreased from peak levels, their mRNA remained significantly elevated in the 120-minute group. In liver tissue, the treatment groups showed higher levels of 11β-HSD1 and CBG expression, but 11β-HSD2 expression decreased. Overall, CORT levels and the expression of GR and CORT modulators seemed to have a significant influence on the stress response. Notably, increased mRNA levels of CBG and 11β-HSD1 could improve the availability of free active CORT. Furthermore, a positive correlation between CORT levels and BDNF expression was demonstrated, highlighting the role of BDNF in neuronal protection during IMS. Additionally, the liver may contribute to stress regulation through the functions of CBG and 11β-HSD, which are vital for CORT activation and transport.
Peripartum Ketone and its Relationship with Milk Quality in Dairy Cattle
Authors: Villar Fernando Arauco , Sánchez Noemí Mayorga , Estremadoyro Leonor Guzmán , Huamán Ronald Damas , de la Cruz Carlos Arana , Payano Ide Unchupaico , Mauricio-Ramos Yakelin , Ninahuanca Jordan
Published: February 2025

Ketosis is a common metabolic disorder in dairy cows and has been associated with alterations in milk composition and a decrease in milk quality, impacting both the economic and nutritional value of dairy products. The purpose of this study was to evaluate ketone levels before and after calving and their effect on milk quality in cattle in the district of El Mantaro, Jauja in the Peruvian highlands. Multivariate analyses, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and clustering, were employed to explain the variability in the data better. The study was conducted at the Instituto de Investigaciones Tropicales y de Altura (IVITA) and El Mantaro experimental stations cattle in the district of El Mantaro, Jauja, using a total of 72 Brown Swiss cattle, all of which received similar management. Blood and milk samples were collected from all cows studied and analyzed in the laboratory for ketone levels and milk quality such as density, non-fat solids, protein, freezing point, solids, and lactose. The descriptive analysis revealed significant variations in the evaluated variables, highlighting a reduction in ketone levels after calving and consistency in milk composition, such as non-fat solids and density. The PCA showed that the first two principal components explained 49.8% of the total variability, dominated by compositional variables, while subsequent components contributed smaller proportions, reaching 100% with 11 components. The reduction in ketone levels after calving suggested metabolic stabilization associated with energy recovery during this stage, while differences in compositional variables such as protein and non-fat solids reflected the influence of factors such as diet, genetics, and physiological status. Although ketones showed weak to moderate correlations with the evaluated variables, the negative relationships with body condition and non-fat solids indicated that better nutritional and metabolic status might be associated with lower ketone levels.
Effects of Anti-inhibin Free α Immunization on Ovulation, in Viro Fertilization, and Embryo Development in Mice
Authors: Aalilouch Kaoutar , Sabeur Khalida , El Berbri Ikhlass , Kichou Faouzi , Elharrak Mehdi , Safini Najet , Fihri Ouafaa Fassi
Published: February 2025

Inhibin is a dimeric glycoprotein comprised of two subunits, α and B. Immunization against dimeric inhibin is mainly used in assisted reproductive technology to induce superovulation. However, the specific function of immunoreactive-free inhibin α subunit remains unclear. In this study, two main investigations were conducted (first on ovulation and the other on fertilization) using a novel monoclonal antibody targeting free inhibin α subunit (Pro-αN-αC). The ovulation study was conducted in 6 replicates, involving a total of 48 female CD1 mice aged 4–6 weeks. In each replicate, 4 control mice received PMSG/hCG treatment, and 4 treated mice received PMSG/hCG with mAb- Free α subunit. The fertilization study was conducted in 3 replicates, involving a total of 22 female CD1 mice. In each replicate, there were 4, 3, and 4 mice respectively for both control and treatment groups. In both investigations, female mice were injected intraperitoneally with 50 units/ml of Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG), alone or combined with 400ug of mAb- Free α subunit, followed by an injection of 50 units/ml of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) 48 hours later. Seventeen hours post-injection, the females from all groups were sacrificed, and the ovulated oocytes were collected from the oviducts. For the fertilization study, in vitro fertilization was performed using fresh sperm from male CD1 mice. The results revealed that neutralization of the free inhibin α subunit significantly decreased the ovulation rate by 47.29% compared to the control group, while immunoneutralization significantly increased the fertilization rate by 55.68% and the blastocyst development by 43.85% compared to the control group. This study suggests that immunization against free inhibin α subunit decreases ovulation, in contrast to the effect of immunoneutralization of dimeric inhibin. The authors hypothesize that the free α subunit may function as an inhibin antagonist, competing with inhibin for binding to its co-receptor.
Effect of Artificial Insemination Timing on Conception Rate in Lactating Holstein-Friesian Cows
Authors: Syah Habib Asshidiq , Yekti Aulia Puspita Anugra , Utami Putri , Isnaini Nurul , Susilawati Trinil
Published: February 2025

Successful pregnancy in dairy cows requires accurate timing of artificial insemination (AI). Artificial insemination conducted in the morning, midday, and afternoon exposes cows to different environmental temperatures with high ambient temperatures can potentially reduce the viability of spermatozoa, thus disrupting the fertilization process and increasing the possibility risk of pregnancy failure. The purpose of the present study was to ascertain and determine how the effect of various AI timings (during the morning, midday, and afternoon) affected the pregnancy success of the pregnancies in Holstein-Friesian cows. The purposive sampling was used to select a total of 191 Holstein-Friesian cows based on the following specific criteria; cows showing symptoms of estrus, having healthy reproductive organs, having one parturition at least once, aged 2-6 years old, having body condition score of 2.5-3.5 (on a 1-5 scale). The cows were divided into 3 three treatment groups including T1 cows inseminated from 06.00 am to 10.59 am (n=38 cows), T2 cows inseminated from 11.00 am to 03.59 pm (n=82), and T3 cows inseminated from 04.00 pm to 08.59 pm (n=71). The non-return rate was monitored at 19-22 days post-insemination (NRR-1) and 39-42 days post-insemination (NRR-2) was monitored, while the conception rate (CR) was assessed on day 60 post-insemination. Artificial insemination was performed 8 hours after estrus. NRR-1 values for T1, T2, and T3 were 82%, 80%, and 89%, respectively, The NRR-2 values were 71% in T1, 66% in T2, and 79% in T3. The CR for T1, T2, and T3 were 50%, 48%, and 54%, respectively. Although AI timing did not yield conception rates based on AI timing did not show a significant difference in conception rates, artificial insemination performed in the morning insemination is recommended due to its higher likelihood of successful pregnancy compared to other times.
Antibacterial Effect of Allium sativum L. and Allium cepa L. Extracts against Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Broiler Chickens
Authors:   Laboratory of Hygiene and Animal Pathology, University of Tiaret, 14000, Tiaret, Algeria, Merati Rachid , Boudra Abdellatif ,   Laboratory of Hygiene and Animal Pathology, University of Tiaret, 14000, Tiaret, Algeria
Published: February 2025

Over the past decades, the incidence of avian colibacillosis caused by multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) has increased dramatically worldwide. The present in vitro study focused on evaluating the antibacterial properties of Allium sativum L. and Allium cepa L. extracts against multidrug-resistant E. coli strains isolated from broiler chickens suffering from colibacillosis. The confirmation of E. coli isolates and their antibiotic resistance was performed using conventional methods. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of both extracts was assessed through the disk diffusion method, along with the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) via liquid macrodilution and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using solid media. The obtained results showed that the multidrug-resistant E. coli strains were extremely sensitive to garlic extract with a MIC of 41.5 mg / mL and CMB of 166 mg / mL and very sensitive to the combination of garlic and onion extracts. However, onion extract was ineffective against the resistant E. coli strains. The findings of the present study suggested the possibility of using garlic as an alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of colibacillosis caused by resistant E. coli strains.
Phenotypic Variability of Native Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) Lines Associated with Productive and Reproductive Variables in the Traditional Production Systems of the Pastos Indigenous Reserve
Authors: Rosero Jenyffer , Rosero-Alpala Maria Gladis , Rosero Deisy , Rosero Alicia , Tapie William Armando
Published: February 2025

Genetic improvement seeks to meet human needs, resulting in a loss of genetic variability, affecting indigenous communities' biodiversity and food sovereignty. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the phenotypic variability of native guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) lines associated with productive and reproductive variables in the traditional production systems of the Pastos Indigenous Reserve in the Department of Nariño, southwestern Colombia. A total of 2007 guinea pigs older than 3 months were divided into 2 batches. 1934 individuals (batch 1) were randomly selected for phenotypic characterization, including hair length, leg size, body size, and behavior. Seventy-three individuals (batch 2) were used to evaluate productive and reproductive variables, and the lines with the highest similarity were clustered using the UPGMA method. In addition, ethnoveterinary information obtained through interviews within the production systems was described. As a result, nine traditionally known phenotypes were described including Shinhuzo, Pelochon, Zambo, Guarico, Chocolate, Peruvian, Coral, Piño, and Moro. The lines were clustered into 4 groups, highlighted by lines with high production and reproductive potential (group 1), lines with low progeny mortality (group 2), a line with low reproductive potential (group 3) a line that presented a unique coat and high productive potential as Group 1 (Group 4). As a result, local knowledge was shown to be crucial for the conservation of native guinea pig lines, as it includes traditional feeding techniques and disease treatment. The native lines Shinhuzo and Coral, with morphological differences between them, showed the potential to reach productive and reproductive parameters similar to the improved Peruvian line, according to the UPGMA dendrogram. However, a detailed analysis of the specific nutritional requirements of each guinea pig line is necessary to improve the traditional breeding of guinea pigs, enhancing the production of all native lines already adapted to the indigenous territory, maintaining the important genetic variability that, in the context of climate change, is relevant to promoting research on sustainable production strategies using resilient native species adapted to local conditions for the future exploration of differentiated markets.
Radiological Evaluation of Regenerative Growth Plate Defect Treated with Platelet-Rich Fibrin Membrane in Rabbits
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Surgery and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, Abd-Alkhaleq Sura H. , Hussein Aseel Kamil
Published: February 2025

Bony bar formation after growth plate injuries leads to shortening and angulation of the long bone, which is considered one of the most critical sequelae affecting animals’ and humans’ lives in adulthood. The objective of the present study was to evaluate radiographically the role of using an autologous platelet-rich fibrin membrane in regenerating growth plate defects to prevent the formation of bony bars. A total of 20 kit rabbits, aged between 6-12 weeks and weighing 500-1100 g, were included in the current study. They were experimentally exposed to approximately 551 mm growth plate defects, which were filled with an autologous platelet-rich fibrin membrane previously prepared at the time of the surgery. A radiological follow-up was conducted weekly at the first, second, third, fourth, sixth, and eighth weeks post-surgery to examine the growth plate defect area. The tibial length and angulation were measured during this period of the study and compared to the contralateral limb of the same animal. The radiological results showed no bony bar formation in most cases and the presence of the growth plate up to the end of the study (week 8 post-surgery) in the injured area. In addition, no significant differences were identified in the tibial length and angulation of the affected limb in comparison to the contralateral limb of the same animal throughout the study. In conclusion, treating serious growth plate injuries by PRF membrane may prevent angular deformity and length discrepancy in limbs.
The Toxicity Assessment of Chicken Liver-Based Drug Filler Supplemented with Itraconazole
Authors: Pringgodigdoyo Prapatantio Teteg , Manalu Wasmen , . Andriyanto , Mustika Aulia Andi , Sutardi Lina Noviyanti
Published: February 2025

Itraconazole is a systemic antifungal often used for fungal infection treatment in cats. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of chicken liver paste as a drug filler through an acute toxicity test when supplemented with itraconazole. A total of 25 female mice were used and divided into five groups, each consisting of five mice. The control group received chicken liver paste without any itraconazole supplementation. In contrast, the treatment groups were administered chicken liver paste supplemented with itraconazole at 5, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg body weight dosages. Observations were conducted for two weeks. The evaluated parameters included abnormal clinical signs, mortality, body temperature, weight gain, and hematology profile. During the 14 days of observation, no mortality or abnormal clinical signs were observed. Other parameters such as body temperature and weight increase showed no significant difference. Hematology profile including red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HB), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), red cell distribution width (RDW), thrombocyte (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT), white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes remained within the standard ranges and showed no significant difference. The present study indicated that chicken liver paste supplemented with itraconazole falls into the practically nontoxic category with an estimated LD50 value exceeding 20 g/kg body weight.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Toxocara vitulorum Infection in Beef Cattle of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Ninditya Vika Ichsania , Ekawasti Fitrine , Prastowo Joko , Widiyono Irkham , Nurcahyo Wisnu
Published: February 2025

Toxocara vitulorum (T. vitulorum), an Ascarid nematode, infects the small intestine of cattle and buffalo, particularly in newborn calves. The present study aimed to identify the occurrence of T. vitulorum collected from cattle in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and to examine the surface structure of its eggs by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The present study did not observe asymptomatic clinical signs of toxocariasis, including diarrhoea and weight loss. Fecal samples were collected from 247 cattle of various breeds, consisting of 65 males and 182 females across three regions including Bantul (78 cattle), Sleman (63 cattle), and Kulon Progo (106 cattle). Qualitative and quantitative methods, including flotation and modified McMaster methods, were respectively employed to analyze nematode egg counts. SEM was utilized to characterize the surface morphology of T. vitulorum nematodes. A total of 9 cattle were found to excrete T. vitulorum eggs in their feces (3.64%). The average fecal egg count was 2.861 eggs per gram (EPG), with positive cases observed exclusively in female cattle. The risk factors influencing toxocariasis in this study were breeds and frequency of cleaning the stall. A higher odd ratio of T. vitulorum infection was found in mixed Ongole breeds than in Limousin or Simmental breeds. Moreover, cattle housed in rarely cleaned stalls showed a higher odd ratio than those in regularly cleaned ones. Factors such as age, fecal consistency, and population density factor showed no significant association with toxocariasis. The SEM analysis of T. vitulorum eggs revealed an oval shape with distinct surface ornamentations, including interlocking ridges and depressions. The cage cleanliness and cattle breed were the most common risk factors associated with infected cattle.
Physiological and Productive Responses to Dietary Supplementation of Chlorella vulgaris in Growing Rabbits
Authors: Ashour Gamal , Barakat Safaa Ataya , Abd El-Azeem Noha Mahmoud , Abdel Mageed Esraa Mohamed , Younan George Ezzat , El-Sayed Hazem Gaafar Mohamed , Morsy Shama Hosny , Abdel-Rahman Samah Mohamed
Published: February 2025

Chlorella vulgaris (CV) acts as an immuno-modulator and growth enhancer, however, studies were concerned about its impact on growing rabbits. The present study was undertaken to evaluate CV addition on physiological responses and productive performance (feed intake, feed conversion ratio, body weight, mortality rate, and other parameters) of APRI rabbits. A total of 45 growing rabbits at their weaning age with an initial body weight of 574.8 ±11.79g were investigated. The rabbits were divided into three equal groups; the first group (G1) received a basal diet without any additions. While, the other two groups, G2 and G3 received basal diets that contained 0.5g and 1.0g CV/kg diets. The results revealed the positive impact of CV on immunity (IgA, IgM, and IgG) status, especially IgG, which was significantly higher in G3 than in G1. No negative effects of CV on kidney and liver functions, since the lowest levels of creatinine, blood urea, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase were recorded in G3 compared with G1. Throughout the experimental period (8 weeks), G3 was the best group in feed intake with the lowest feed conversion ratio reflected on achieving the highest body weight compared to other experimental groups. No mortality cases were recorded in G3, while, G1 and G2 almost showed the same mortality rate (%). The histopathological examination of rabbits' intestines indicated that a less inflammation presence of rabbit intestinal cells has been noticed in G3 compared to G1 and G2. Therefore, it could be concluded that using CV at a level of 1.0 g/ kg in diet is the best level that can be used as a natural feed additive. This contributes to the health of growing rabbits by protecting their intestines against inflammation, lowering the mortality rate, and ultimately improving their overall productivity.
Effects of Ethanolic Extracts of Tithonia diversifolia and Azadirachta indica on Haemonchus contortus in Goats
Authors: Buyi Laban , Owoyesigire Brian Britex , Idibu Joachine , Odoch Terence , Owere Lawrence
Published: February 2025

Infestation of gastrointestinal worms (helminths) contributes significantly to neonatal mortality and reduced growth performance in livestock animals. The present study was conducted to determine the phytochemical composition and the in vitro potency of ethanolic extracts of Tithonia diversifolia and Azadirachta indica on motility inhibition on Haemonchus contortus. Tithonia diversifolia and Azadirachta indica were obtained from farmers in Bulambuli district of Uganda and were treated with 70% ethanol as an extraction solvent. A standard phytochemical procedure was used for qualitative analysis. The in-vitro experiment was conducted using 2.5 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml, and 20 mg/ml for each plant ethanolic extract. Moreover, phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was utilized as the control. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloid salts, saponins, flavonoids, steroid glycosides, anthracenosides, coumarins, and anthocyanosides in ethanolic extracts. A dosage of 20 mg/l of Tithonia diversifolia and Azadirachta indica indicated motility inhibition of adult Haemonchus contortus after 2.55 hours and 2.1 hours, respectively, compared to the PBS control group. In conclusion, both plant extracts showed anthelmintic activity leading to the mortality of the worms. The ethanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica were faster in causing mortality of Haemonchus contortus than those of Tithonia diversifolia at the same dose rate of 20 mg/ml.
Influence of Different Water Environments on the Differential Leukocyte Counts in Nile Tilapia
Authors:   Department of Biology, College of Science, Yanbu branch, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia, Adam Sulieman Hassan Mohammed , Habeeb Talaat Hassan
Published: February 2025

Aquaculture production has become increasingly important for ensuring food security, supported by the expanding variety of cultivated species. This study evaluated the effects of different water environment characteristics on the differential leukocyte counts of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), a key farmed fish species in Africa. Fish from four different water sources were compared with healthy individuals from the natural water of the Nile River. A total of 64 Nile tilapia, each weighing 80–100 grams, were evenly divided into four groups and maintained at temperatures ranging from 25.00± 2.5°C to 30.00 ± 2.5°C. The groups included fish from experimental tanks (ET), ponds managed by the General Administration of Fisheries Ponds (GAFP), the Fisheries Research Center Ponds (FRCP), and the White Nile River (WNR, control). Significant differences in water quality parameters, particularly NH₄, NH₃, NO₃, and NO₂ concentrations, were observed among the water sources. GAFP and ET waters showed higher concentrations of these compounds (NH₄, NH₃, NO₃, and NO₂) compared to FRCP and WNR. Differential leukocyte counts varied significantly across the groups. The ET group showed the highest eosinophil percentage (9.68 ± 0.44%), while the GAFP group exhibited the highest percentages of lymphocytes (46.40 ± 0.13%), monocytes (15.43 ± 0.14%), and neutrophils (18.31 ± 0.16%) compared to WNR. In contrast, the FRCP group recorded the highest platelet percentage (32.34 ± 0.49%), while the ET group had the lowest (13.65 ± 0.15%). Additionally, the ET group recorded the highest overall white blood cell count (191.46 ± 0.61 × 10³). A strong positive correlation was found between the blood profiles of Nile tilapia and the water environment parameters. This study highlighted significant differences in water quality among experimental groups, with FRCP and WNR showing lower parameters. In addition, examining white blood cells in fish is crucial for biological monitoring of surface water pollution.
Sebaceous Adenitis in an Akita: Symptoms and Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Zhelavskyi Mykola , Maryniuk Mykola , Drobot Maryna
Published: February 2025

Sebaceous adenitis is observed in different animal species, with dogs being the most commonly diagnosed. This study aimed to report a case of sebaceous adenitis in a 5-year-old male Akita dog weighing 35.8 kg, initially presented with pruritus and alopecia on the inner ear surfaces, face, and head. Over time, signs of changes in sebaceous glands appeared in other body parts. The dog was sent to a veterinary clinic in Kamyanets-Podilsky, Ukraine. During the clinical examination, the body temperature was 38.4°C, heart rate 78 bpm, and a respiratory rate 27 breaths per minute, with no change in appetite. Clinical and dermatological methods and histopathological examination were used to detect the disease. The hair on the head was curling, and the lesions appeared on the dorsal tail, the distal front and hind legs, the groin, and the abdomen. Initially, redness and itching occurred in the affected areas, and the skin lost elasticity and became dry. The hair was stuck together with gray crusts. The diagnosis was confirmed based on pathohistological studies. An inflammatory infiltrate with migration of lymphocytes, histiocytes, neutrophils, and atrophy of sebaceous glands was diagnosed, focusing on the pathology of the dermis. Treatment included topical therapy with shampoo applied for 3-5 minutes, then rinsed and followed by Conditioner for 2 minutes, over 30 days. Omega-3 was administered orally at 1000 mg twice daily. Isotretinoin (Roaccutane®, 20 mg) was administered orally twice daily for 30 days. Moreover, Cyclosporine was dosed at 5 mg/kg once daily orally, on an empty stomach, for 30 days. During the treatment, signs of inflammation gradually disappeared, with itching and hyperemia disappearing from day 3. From day 7, desquamation and hair loss decreased, and on day 12, signs of new hair growth appeared. The areas were completely restored on day 28 of treatment. Sebaceous adenitis was found to lead to the destruction of sebaceous glands, causing scaling, hair loss, and skin inflammation, which could be a hereditary condition in Akitas. Immunomodulation and normalization of trophic processes in the skin are crucial in the treatment.
Contribution of Cytochrome P450s to Development of Insecticide Resistance in Musca domestica L.: A Review
Authors:   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Entomology and Arachnology – Branch of Federal State Institution Federal Research Centre Tyumen Scientific Centre of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ASRIVEA – Branch of Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS) Institutskaya st. 2, Tyumen, Russian Federation, Russia, Krestonoshina Kseniya , Melnichuk Anastasia ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Entomology and Arachnology – Branch of Federal State Institution Federal Research Centre Tyumen Scientific Centre of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ASRIVEA – Branch of Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS) Institutskaya st. 2, Tyumen, Russian Federation, Russia
Published: February 2025

Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) is recognized as one of the most prevalent fly species globally, playing a significant role in the transmission of infections and pathogens that are important in both veterinary and medical contexts. This includes the dissemination of eggs from intestinal helminths, as well as ectoparasites, endoparasites, and protozoan cysts. Several approaches to combating insect pests include biological, physical, chemical, and agrotechnical methods. Chemical methods remain the main strategy for controlling the population of insect pests; however, excessive use, increased dosages, and frequency of treatments have led to the development of resistance. To date, numerous documented cases of resistance to insecticides have been registered in natural populations. A significant mechanism for resistance development is the detoxification of xenobiotics by enzymes of the cytochrome system. This study aimed to summarize the current knowledge on the role of P450 monooxygenase in developing insecticide resistance in houseflies. This overview focuses on the diversity of Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in Musca domestica that contribute to resistance against the most popular classes of insecticides and their location in the genome. Throughout this work, the main P450 candidate genes associated with insecticide resistance were identified and described. The authors also summarized and systematized recent research results in this area.
Pathological and Economic Effects of Bovine Skin Tumors on Cattle Production in Ethiopia: A Review
Authors:   Department of pathobiology, College of veterinary medicine and animal sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar city, Amhara, Ethiopia, Getnet Mengesha Ayehu , Berihun Asnakew Mulaw ,   Department of pathobiology, College of veterinary medicine and animal sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar city, Amhara, Ethiopia
Published: February 2025

A tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue that exceeds normal boundaries, resulting from uncoordinated and uncontrolled cell proliferation. Tumors can affect various parts of cattle animals, including the skin, bones, glands, and visceral organs. The present study aimed to explore the pathology of bovine skin tumors and their health and economic impacts on cattle. Skin tumors are the most frequently diagnosed neoplastic disorders in bovine species. The most common skin tumors in bovine include bovine papilloma, squamous cell carcinoma, and bovine lymphosarcoma. These tumors pose significant health challenges and have a negative economic impact on cattle production and its byproducts. Clinical features of skin tumors often include hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, elongated rete pegs, large nodular structures, exophytic and cauliflower-like lesions, and friable lesions. Melanomas, another type of proliferative skin tumor, are characterized by spindle to round cell shapes containing abundant black pigment. More than 90% of skin tumors are linked to prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Diagnosing a skin tumor in cattle typically involves skin biopsy and fine needle aspiration cytology. Histologically, skin tumor cells exhibit an increased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, cellular and nuclear pleomorphism, and a discohesive arrangement of cells. In addition to their health implications, skin tumors in cattle result in significant economic losses due to reduced productivity, decreased reproduction rates, carcass condemnation, and the downgrading of skins and hides. Common treatment options for skin tumors include chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical removal. Given that skin tumors are an economically significant disease in Ethiopia, they require increased attention from researchers and the centers for control and prevention. Early diagnosis and effective management of these tumors are crucial issues that must be addressed.
Deep Learning for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis Integrating Text, Audio, and Video
Authors:   RKDF University, Bhopal, India, Suryavanshi Pallavi
Published: February 2025

In the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP), sentiment analysis (SA) has become increasingly popular. Demand for automating user sentiment analysis of goods and services is rising. Videos, as opposed to just text, are becoming more and more common online for sharing opinions. This has made the use of various modalities in SA, known as Multimodal Sentiment Analysis (MSA), a significant field of study. MSA uses the most recent developments in deep learning and machine learning at several phases, such as sentiment polarity detection and multimodal feature extraction and fusion, with the goal of reducing error rates and enhancing performance. Multiple data sources, such as text, audio, and video, are used into MSA to improve sentiment classification accuracy. Using cutting-edge deep learning algorithms, this work integrates text, audio, and video characteristics to examine multimodal sentiment analysis. After outlining a framework for feature extraction, fusion, and data pre-processing, we assess the framework's performance against industry-standard benchmarks.
The Influence of Leader Member Exchange on Employee Performance with Work Engagement and Innovative Behaviour as Mediating Variables in OPD (Regional Device Organizations) Within The Pasuruan District Government
Authors: Prilatama Aris , Murwani F. Danardana , Winarno Agung
Published: February 2025

The performance of government offices is strongly influenced by the performance of employees who are the spearhead of the organization. This research is quantitative research using descriptive and explanatory analysis. The sampling method used in this study uses probability sampling method with stratified random sampling method. The population in this study were all Pasuruan Regency Government Employees, with a minimum employee tenure of 1 (one) year and an employee age range of 20 - 56 years. The total population in this study was 343 Pasuruan Regency Government Employees. The number of samples in this study was determined using a sample size calculator so that what was obtained from the calculation was 217 samples as sample respondents in this study. Based on the results of the study showed that: (1) leader member exchange has a positive and significant effect on employee performance; (2) leader member exchange has a positive and significant effect on work engagement; (3) leader member exchange has a positive and significant effect on innovative behavior; (4) work engagement has a positive and significant effect on employee performance; (5) innovative behavior has a positive and significant effect on employee performance; (6) leader member exchange has a positive and significant effect on employee performance through work engagement; (7) leader member exchange has a positive and significant effect on employee performance through innovative behavior
The Influence of Influencer Marketing and Store Atmosphere on Purchase Decision through Purchase Intention as Intervening Variable
Authors: Khusnia Rif’atul , Pratikto Heri , Rahayu Wening Patmi
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the influence of Influencer marketing and Store atmosphere on Purchase decision with Purchase intention as an intervening variable among café consumers in Malang City. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the research aims to fill research gaps concerning the effects of these variables in the rapidly evolving context of digital marketing. The research employed Smart PLS SEM to analyze data from 385 respondents of Generation Z aged 12-27 years. The results indicate that Influencer marketing has a positive and significant impact on Purchase intention, though it does not directly affect Purchase decision. Conversely, Store atmosphere significantly influences both Purchase intention and Purchase decision among café consumers in Malang. Furthermore, Purchase intention acts as a significant intervening variable between Influencer marketing, Store atmosphere, and Purchase decision. These findings provide insights for café owners and marketing practitioners to consider effective strategies in enhancing the influence of store atmosphere and utilizing influencers to improve consumer purchase decisions
Access to Finance and Risk Financial Attitude: Bridging Financial Literacy with MSME Sustainability
Authors: Cahyaningtyas Susi Retna , Karim Nina Karina , Lenap Indria Puspitasari , Yunita Alma
Published: February 2025

This study aims to examine the direct effect of financial literacy and sustainability on micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Mataram, Indonesia. The study also analyzes the mediating effect of access to finance and financial risk attitude on the relationship between financial literacy and sustainability in MSMEs in Mataram, Indonesia, supported by the Resource-Based View (RBV), Knowledge-Based View (KBV), Pecking Order Theory, and Dual Process Theory. In addition, this study uses a descriptive quantitative methodology, where questionnaires were distributed to MSME practitioners in Mataram, and the data were analyzed using Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The findings indicate a positive relationship between financial literacy, access to finance, and financial risk attitude towards sustainability in MSMEs in Mataram. Furthermore, there is a significant effect of access to finance and financial risk attitude as mediators in the relationship between financial literacy and sustainability. Therefore, this study provides valuable insights for MSME practitioners to improve their financial knowledge and skills to support business growth and sustainability.
The Impact of Rights Issues on Capital Structure and Profitability of Banking Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange: A Comparative Analysis Before and After Rights Issues
Authors: Irma Irma , Antong Antong , Rismawati Rismawati
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the impact of rights issues on the financial performance of banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 to 2023. Using a comparative analysis of key financial ratios—Current Ratio (CR), Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER), Return on Assets (ROA), Net Profit Margin (NPM), and Price-to-Earnings Ratio (PER)—the research aims to determine whether significant differences exist before and after rights issues. The findings reveal that rights issues significantly improve liquidity (CR) and market valuation (PER) while reducing reliance on debt (DER). However, profitability ratios (ROA and NPM) decline, indicating inefficiencies in asset utilization and operational performance. The results align with the Signaling Theory and Pecking Order Theory, suggesting that rights issues send positive market signals but require better capital management to enhance profitability. This study contributes to the literature by providing sector-specific insights into the banking industry in an emerging market context, offering valuable implications for management and investors. 
Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengkaji dampak rights issue terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2019-2023. Dengan menggunakan analisis komparatif terhadap rasio keuangan utama—Current Ratio (CR), Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER), Return on Assets (ROA), Net Profit Margin (NPM), dan Price-to-Earnings Ratio (PER)—penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan signifikan sebelum dan setelah rights issue. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rights issue secara signifikan meningkatkan likuiditas (CR) dan valuasi pasar (PER) serta mengurangi ketergantungan pada utang (DER). Namun, rasio profitabilitas (ROA dan NPM) mengalami penurunan, mengindikasikan inefisiensi dalam pemanfaatan aset dan kinerja operasional. Temuan ini sejalan dengan Signaling Theory dan Pecking Order Theory, yang menyatakan bahwa rights issue memberikan sinyal positif kepada pasar namun memerlukan manajemen modal yang lebih efektif untuk meningkatkan profitabilitas. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi literatur dengan menyajikan wawasan spesifik sektor perbankan dalam konteks pasar berkembang, serta implikasi penting bagi manajemen perusahaan dan investor
The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance in Three Star Hotels: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction
Authors: Yulianti Emma , Isgiarto Restu
Published: February 2025

This study aims to examine the effect of transformational leadership on employee performance, both directly and indirectly through job satisfaction mediation among hotel employees in East Java. The research population consists of 3-star hotel employees in East Java. The sample was determined using the purposive sampling method. Data were collected through a survey technique and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling with WarPLS 7 .0. The results show that transformational leadership significantly influences employee performance both directly and indirectly, through job satisfaction mediation, among 3-star hotel employees in East Java. This study offers a theoretical contribution to the applicability of Social Exchange Theory (SET) and practical implications, suggesting that managers need to be equipped with transformational leadership skills to improve employee performance.
Autism and Play: An Overview of the Methodological Approach and Preliminary Results
Authors: Fadi Hijab Mohamad Hassan , Khatab Shaza , Al Aswadi Nahwan , Neves Joselia , Qaraqe Marwa , Bahameish Mariam , Jimenez Andres Maria , Othman Achraf , AlSulaiti Noora , Al-Thani Dena
Published: February 2025

Recent research has discussed co-designing with autistic children in several settings. However, none of these studies have investigated the inclusive play field. This project aims to co-design and evaluate a tool to promote inclusive, collaborative play with and for autistic children in an educational context. It is structured into three phases: Contextual Inquiry, Co-Design, and Joint Engagement Evaluation. This paper aims to provide an overview of the methodological approach used within this project and the preliminary results obtained. In the contextual inquiry phase, observations and interviews with specialists revealed key themes influencing collaborative play, such as the role of structured activities and inclusive environments in promoting engagement. The co-design phase actively involved autistic and non-autistic children in iterative workshops, resulting in a multisensory collaborative play prototype. The final phase, Joint Engagement Evaluation, combined qualitative and quantitative methods, including the Joint Engagement and Reciprocity Index (JERI) and computer vision-based pose estimation using Mediapipe, to measure engagement levels during play sessions. Preliminary results indicate that structured tools and inclusive settings supported turn-taking, joint attention, and collaborative play. Future work will focus on refining the prototype and developing machine learning models to predict engagement patterns, further supporting inclusive play environments.