bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semantic enrichment on large scanned collections through their “satellite texts”: the paradigm of Migne’s Patrologia Graeca
Authors: Varthis Evagelos , Tzanavaris Spyros , Giarenis Ilias , Papavlasopoulos Sozon , Drakakis Manolis , Poulos Marios
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to present a methodology for the semantic enrichment on the scanned collection of Migne’s Patrologia Graeca (PG), attempting to easily locate on the Web domain the scanned PG source, when a reference of this source is described and commented on another scanned or textual document, and to semantically enrich PG through related scanned or textual documents named “satellite texts” published by third people. The present enrichment of PG uses as satellite texts the Dorotheos Scholarios's Synoptic Index (DSSI) which act as metadata for PG.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology consists of two parts. The first part addresses the DSSI transcription via a proper web tool. The second part is divided into two subsections: the accomplishment of interlinking the printed column numbers of each scanned PG page with its actual filename, which is the build of a matching function, and the build of a web interface for PG, based on the generated Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) of the above first subsection.

Findings

The result of the implemented methodology is a Web portal, capable of providing server-less search of topics with direct (single click) navigation to sources. The produced system is static, scalable, easy to be managed and requires minimal cost to be completed and maintained. The produced data sets of transcribed DSSI and the JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) matching functions are available for personal use of students and scholars under Creative Commons license (CC-BY-NC-SA).

Social implications

Scholars or anyone interested in a particular subject can easily locate topics in PG and reference them, using URIs that are easy to remember. This fact contributes significantly to the related scientific dialogue.

Originality/value

The methodology uses the transcribed satellite texts of DSSI, which act as metadata for PG, to semantically enrich PG collection. Furthermore, the built PG Web interface can be used by other satellite texts as a reference basis to further enrich PG, as it provides a direct identification of sources. The presented methodology is general and can be applied to any scanned collection using its own satellite texts.
Influence of Groove Dimensions on the Tribological Behavior of Textured Cylindrical Roller Thrust Bearings under Starved Lubrication
Authors: Long Risheng , Zhao Chao , Jin Zhihao , Zhang Yimin , Pan Zhen , Sun Shaoni , Gao Weihua
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to reveal the friction and wear performance of grooves textured cylindrical roller thrust bearings with different groove dimensions under starved lubrication.

Design/methodology/approach

The groove dimensions include: width of grooves (WOG, 50 µm, 100 µm and 150 µm), depth of grooves (DPOG, 7 µm, 11 µm and 15 µm) as well as groove deflection angle (GDA, 45°). A fiber laser marking system was used to prepare groove patterns on the raceways of shaft washers. The friction and wear properties of grooves textured bearings were researched through a vertical universal wear test rig using a customized roller bearing tribo-pair under starved lubrication. Static finite element analyses were conducted to reveal their surface stresses. Through the comprehensive comparison and analyses, the influence mechanism of grooves on the tribological behavior of cylindrical roller thrust bearings was proposed and discussed.

Findings

When grooves textured bearings run under starved lubrication, their average coefficients of friction (COFs) and wear losses are all significantly reduced and much lower than those of smooth group. The influence of DPOG on the COF curves is significant, while the influence of WOG on the COF curves is a little weak. The influence of groove dimensions on the surface stresses of grooves textured bearings is weak, whether the WOG or DPOG. In this work, when the WOG is 100 µm and the DPOG is 15 µm, its average COF and wear loss are both the lowest, 0.0066 and 0.61 mg, respectively. Compared with the data of smooth group, its friction coefficient is reduced by 75.3% and its mass loss is reduced by 95.8%, showing a significant improvement in this condition.

Originality/value

This work can provide a valuable reference for the raceway design and reliability optimization of rolling element bearings.
Industrial robot programming by demonstration using stereoscopic vision and inertial sensing
Authors: de Souza João Pedro C. , Amorim António M. , Rocha Luís F. , Pinto Vítor H. , Moreira António Paulo
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a programming by demonstration (PbD) system based on 3D stereoscopic vision and inertial sensing that provides a cost-effective pose tracking system, even during error-prone situations, such as camera occlusions.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed PbD system is based on the 6D Mimic innovative solution, whose six degrees of freedom marker hardware had to be revised and restructured to accommodate an IMU sensor. Additionally, a new software pipeline was designed to include this new sensing device, seeking the improvement of the overall system’s robustness in stereoscopic vision occlusion situations.

Findings

The IMU component and the new software pipeline allow the 6D Mimic system to successfully maintain the pose tracking when the main tracking tool, i.e. the stereoscopic vision, fails. Therefore, the system improves in terms of reliability, robustness, and accuracy which were verified by real experiments.

Practical implications

Based on this proposal, the 6D Mimic system reaches a reliable and low-cost PbD methodology. Therefore, the robot can accurately replicate, on an industrial scale, the artisan level performance of highly skilled shop-floor operators.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the sensor fusion between stereoscopic images and IMU applied to robot PbD is a novel approach. The system is entirely designed aiming to reduce costs and taking advantage of an offline processing step for data analysis, filtering and fusion, enhancing the reliability of the PbD system.
A constructivism-based training course for hospitality and tourism instructors in Vietnam to improve their self-confidence in synchronous online teaching
Authors: Luong Thanh-Thao , Kim Eunyoung
Published: August 2021

Purpose

As Vietnam needs to shift from physical to virtual classrooms owing to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, this study aims to propose and evaluate a constructivist training course designed to improve instructors’ self-confidence in conducting synchronous online teaching by helping them develop the skills required for such.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 67 in-service instructors in various hospitality and tourism institutions in Vietnam participated in the proposed course. Constructivist approaches were adopted to design learning activities. Delivered via Blackboard Collaborate’s classroom version, the course aims at enhancing instructors’ self-confidence in the knowledge and skills required for synchronous online teaching: developing online presence, planning lessons, handling technology, adapting to learners’ preferences and classroom management. Using qualitative and quantitative analyses, this paper evaluated the proposed course by comparing participants’ levels of self-confidence in conducting synchronous online teaching before and after the training.

Findings

The results show that participants’ self-confidence was enhanced after the course. To improve the course, however, more time should be allotted for practice sessions where participants can pedagogically and technologically familiarize themselves with online teaching tools.

Originality/value

By translating constructivism into online pedagogy, this study provided empirical evidence of how a teachers’ training program was designed and implemented to meet the need to shift from real-life to real-time classrooms in Vietnam during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also contributes to the growing literature on methods of improving instructors’ readiness in synchronous online teaching.
Determinants of virtual classroom adoption in Jordan: the case of princess Sumaya university for technology
Authors: Alrousan Mohammad Kasem , Al-Madadha Amro , Al Khasawneh Mohammad Hamdi , Adel Tweissi Adiy
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that affect students’ behavioral intentions to use virtual classrooms at Princess Sumaya University for Technology (PSUT) in Jordan.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative research approach was adopted, an online survey method was used and the data were collected among students at PSUT in Jordan. A total of 511 responses were usable for analysis. A structural equation modeling partial least squares technique was used to examine the hypothesized model.

Findings

The findings reveal that the proposed factors have direct and indirect relationships with behavioral intentions to use virtual classrooms. They show that students’ satisfaction has a direct influence on behavioral intention, while other variables such as instructor characteristics, virtual classroom quality, perceived self-efficacy, perceived organizational support, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness have an indirect effect on behavioral intentions to use virtual classrooms.

Research limitations/implications

The study was conducted at PSUT in Jordan, which could limit the generalizability of the findings. Furthermore, the present study measured students’ behavioral intentions to use virtual classrooms and future research should consider the actual use of virtual classrooms.

Practical implications

The findings of this study offer significant and useful information to policymakers, instructors, developers and students regarding the use of virtual classrooms in universities. Based on students’ needs and readiness, the findings identify which factors to consider when developing an e-learning system to enhance learning and teaching performance.

Originality/value

This study extends existing knowledge by developing a conceptual model to identify the key factors of virtual classroom adoption in higher education institutions in Arab countries. This study contributes to the literature in the context of e-learning by validating an extended technology acceptance model from an Arab countries perspective and considering the differences in culture, learning style and physical environment compared to developed countries.
Evolution of hospitality and tourism technology research from Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology: a computer-assisted qualitative data analysis
Authors: Lee Minwoo
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Information and communication technologies have been widely implemented and made radical changes for several decades in the hospitality and tourism industry. This rapid development also generates considerable data in social media. This trend opens the door to analyze unstructured data and gain increased attention of a qualitative research approach from hospitality and tourism researchers and industry professionals. Therefore, this paper aims to describe how a computer-assisted qualitative data analysis (CAQDA) approach can be used in the hospitality and tourism technology literature to uncover the trends and thematic concepts of hospitality and tourism technology research and their dynamics in Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology (JHTT)

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve the proposed research goals, the current study used CAQDA software, Leximancer, to analyze 218 articles published in JHTT between Volume 1(1) in 2010 and Volume 10(4) in 2019. Based on the rigorous CAQDA processes, the study performed the thematic analysis using all articles and subgroup analyses in the five-year periods.

Findings

Using CAQDA, the study reveals the critical research trends and insights on hospitality and tourism technology for 10 years in the JHTT. The findings of this study can provide strong evidence of what hospitality and tourism technology research topics have been examined and how these topics were connected and changed over time. More importantly, the current study illustrates how the CAQDA approach can be applied to uncover the hidden trends and thematic concepts from text data in the hospitality and tourism literature.

Originality/value

This study is the first attempt to apply CAQDA software to identify research trends and thematic concepts and gain insights from past JHTT’s articles. Moreover, this study applies this software to describe how hospitality and tourism researchers can use one of the modern computer-assisted qualitative techniques. Based on the findings of this study, theoretical and methodological implications for hospitality and tourism researchers are provided. More importantly, the current study presents the specific guidelines of how the CAQDA approach can be used for the literature review.
Team reflexivity, individual intellectual capital and employee innovative behavior: a multilevel moderated mediation
Authors: Wang Zhining , Cui Tao , Cai Shaohan , Ren Shuang
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Based on experiential learning theory (ELT), this study explores the cross-level effect of team reflexivity on employee innovative behavior. The authors especially focus on the mediating effect of individual intellectual capital (IIC) and the moderating effect of empowering leadership on the relationship between the two constructs.

Design/methodology/approach

This study collects data from 76 work units, which include 362 employees and their direct supervisors. A cross-level moderated mediation model was tested by using multilevel path analysis.

Findings

The results show that team reflexivity significantly contributes to employee innovative behavior. IIC mediates the above relationship. Empowering leadership not only positively moderates the relationship between team reflexivity and IIC but also reinforces the linkage of team reflexivity → IIC → employee innovative behavior.

Practical implications

The study suggests that organizations should invest more in promoting team reflexivity and empowering leadership in the workplace. Furthermore, managers should make members aware of the importance of IIC for employee innovative behavior. They need to make efforts to enhance IIC via internal communication channels or open discussions, which facilitate IIC and employee innovative behavior.

Originality/value

This research tests the relationship between team reflexivity and employee innovative behavior and identifies IIC as a key mediator that links team reflexivity to employee innovative behavior. It also highlights the moderating role of empowering leadership in the process.
An imitation game – supervisors’ influence on customer sweethearting
Authors: Ertz Elias , Becker Laura , Büttgen Marion , Izogo Ernest Emeka
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Customer sweethearting is a common illicit behavior of frontline employees in service firms. This paper aims to examine the impact of supportive–disloyal leadership behavior on customer sweethearting at different levels of leader–member exchange (LMX) quality.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on imitation theory and need-to-belong theory, the paper builds a conceptual model and empirically tests it using data from a survey-based study and a complementary experiment.

Findings

The authors find that employees’ customer sweethearting is affected by their supervisors’ supportive–disloyal behavior (employee sweethearting) through two divergent paths: employees imitate the sweethearting behavior of their supervisors; and employee sweethearting triggers employees’ feelings of belongingness to their organization, which reduces their customer sweethearting behavior.

Practical implications

The findings suggest that service firms can mitigate customer sweethearting by raising awareness that supervisors act as negative role models to subordinates and fostering high-quality LMX relationships, which give employees a sense of belonging to the supervisor and the organization.

Originality/value

By taking supervisors’ supportive–disloyal leadership behavior as an ambivalent driver of customer sweethearting into account, this paper provides further insight into the occurrence of customer sweethearting, particularly its underlying contrasting psychological mechanisms.
The interplay between brand and business model architectures:a conceptual grid
Authors: Logman Marc
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This conceptual paper studies how brand and business model architectures interact.

Design/methodology/approach

Confronting the literature on brand and business model architectures, a “problematizing review” perspective is taken in this article. To develop the conceptual framework, a cyclical process of theory generation based on a literature review and empirical evidence is used. Various interaction options between a brand and business model architecture are discussed in detail and illustrated with practical examples.

Findings

The conceptual grid allows positioning each brand and business model architectural move in a coherent way, emphasizing the alignment challenges of each positioning option. This study also sheds another light on “dynamic capabilities,” as companies not only need to mix, remix and orchestrate business model architecture decisions, but at the same time align these decisions with brand architecture decisions.

Originality/value

By confronting and integrating two research domains, a novel higher-order theoretical perspective is obtained. In this sense it contributes to a management school of thought that is more integrative and deals better with today's more complex and dynamic reality, in which business model and brand decisions cannot be taken independently.
The status and future trends of Chinese leadership research: a bibliometric approach
Authors: Yang Mengxi , Chen Wansi , Zhou Qingyu , Yang Baiyin , Xu Cheng
Published: August 2021

Purpose

China after 1949, especially since entering the 21st century, significant progress has been made in leadership research under Chinese context. However, so far there has been no systematic review and prospect of China's leadership research in the past 70 years. Therefore, with the help of scientific visualization software Citespace, this paper analyzes the research papers on leadership in the context of China from the top international journals of management science and applied psychology (1949–2018), supplemented and verified the previous research conclusions based on qualitative review, and quantitatively demonstrated the research evolution of leadership field.

Design Methodology Approach

Using a scientific visualization tool CiteSpace and 145 international leadership works, which were published in 64 top international journals and collected from the Web of Science database, and 852 domestic works which were published in 28 top domestic journals and collected from the CNKI database from 1949 to 2018, we draws keyword co-occurrence knowledge graph and keyword strategy map to visualize the landscape and evolution of leadership research and analyze the hot topics and research trends in the field of leadership.

Findings

The research found that: (1) Before 2002, there were only 7 articles published in 64 international top journal, mainly focusing on Western leadership theories such as transformational, cross-cultural comparison and the adaptability in Chinese context; (2) From 2003 to 2012, scholars had begun to introduce mainstream quantitative research paradigm in international academic community; (3) From 2013 to 2018, researches tended to be synchronized, with 461 and 99 papers published respectively. How emerging leaderships (such as ethical leadership) affect on various emerging outcome variables (such as creativity, voice behavior, unethical pro-organizational behavior etc.) is hot topic for future research.

Originality Value

Different from the previous qualitative reviews on organizational culture research, this paper, for the first time, uses bibliometric research methods to systematically analyze the evolution path of leadership research during the 70 years of China(1949–2018, and puts forward the future research prospects.
Exploring financial risks disclosure: evidence from Indian listed companies
Authors: Khandelwal Chandani , Kumar Satish , Verma Deepak
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the existing literature on financial risk disclosure by examining a sample of non-financial Indian companies listed on the Bombay stock exchange (BSE) to explore the degree of information about financial risks contained in their annual reports.

Design/methodology/approach

To study the financial risk disclosure of Indian companies, a sample of 206 non-financial companies has been derived from the top 500 listed companies at BSE. The method used in this study to analyze risk disclosure is content analysis. A total of 1,854 annual reports are scanned through software Nvivo-12 to find different types of risk words. Overall, risk disclosure, category wise risk disclosure, year-wise risk disclosure and sector-wise risk disclosure are assessed. The risk disclosure index is also computed.

Findings

The results show that there are some risk disclosure practices in Indian companies. No general pattern is observed. Companies are following vague method of risk disclosure. In the true sense, Indian companies are now started risk disclosure practices since 2018. This may be because of pressure from regulating bodies and stakeholders with greater detail about their financial risks.

Originality/value

This study is carried out for Indian non-financial companies. The paper adds to the literature relating to financial risk disclosure in developing countries.
More is none? Exploring how SMEs describe their best practices in performance measurement
Authors: Tam Steven
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to provide owner/managers with access to an evidence-based study for the purpose of improving practice in performance measurement (PM) in their small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

Design/methodology/approach

As a qualitative case study, it adopted semi-structured interviews to explore the best practices in PM from 32 SMEs in Malaysia. The interviewees were the owner/manager, the supervisor and/or the person who is responsible for human resources in the firm. Thematic analysis was conducted.

Findings

First, it should be no surprise, as the study echoes previous research, that the traditional, complex PM systems are not functionally suitable for most SMEs. Second, the study identifies five common capabilities (5Cs) in human capital that these SMEs require in their PM practice, all of which are claimed to contribute critically to SME success and sustainability.

Research limitations/implications

While qualitative studies can obtain in-depth results, it is encouraged to continue similar research with additional samples for comparison, including quantitative studies and SMEs in other countries.

Practical implications

The findings help SME owners/managers benchmark their current practices in PM and improve toward what peer firms have been doing well to benefit organizational development in a feasible tone.

Originality/value

This research informs SME practitioners of the 5Cs mechanism found to be effective for long-term organizational survival – including during unprecedented times such as an economic downturn or a pandemic.
Does emotional media content increase donations for rejected groups?
Authors: Zuniga Huertas Melby Karina , dos Santos Fernandes Cavalcanti Paula , Torres Urdan André
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of exposure to prosocial media content (PMC) on the subsequent intention to donate to a prosocial cause of a rejected group versus a prosocial cause of a neutral group. The hypothesis, supported in two experimental studies, is that for the individual exposed to a PMC, the difference in the donations for social causes of a rejected group and a neutral group is smaller than for the individual exposed to a non-PMC.

Design/methodology/approach

Two between-subjects experimental studies were performed. In both studies, the individual’s emotional responses were manipulated through PMC (conditions: prosocial versus non-prosocial). Then, respondents were asked to split a fixed amount of money between two social actions whose beneficiaries were members of a rejected group versus members of a neutral group.

Findings

It was found that the difference in donation between the two actions associated with different types of beneficiaries (i.e. rejected group vs neutral group) was smaller for the individuals exposed to PMC than for individuals exposed to non-PMC.

Research limitations/implications

In this research, the donating behavior was operationalized by a simulated donation and not by a real donation.

Practical implications

Results suggest that PMC on the internet could be effective in reducing rejection for stigmatized dissociation groups for which it is difficult to get help.

Social implications

The results suggest that exposure to PMC on the internet can increase donations for rejected groups. The confirmation of the PMC effect on reducing negative outcomes opens the possibility to diminish negativity toward stigmatized groups.

Originality/value

Theoretically, the explanations are based on the social comparison theory.
Governing changes in government: the water story of Mahabubnagar
Authors: Varma Harikrishnan Ramesh , Kakani Ram Kumar , Poovathingal James Sebastian
Published: August 2021

Theoretical basis

Kotter’s framework of change management adapted to the situation of public policy implementation under the leadership of a civil service officer in the rural areas of a developing economy in South Asia.

Research methodology

This case has been written using the primary data collected from the protagonist through personal and computer-based interviews. Some of the documents associated with the event shared by the protagonist are also reproduced as case exhibits. Secondary data from government official websites were also used to enrich the case.

Case overview/synopsis

Mahbubnagar, an arid agricultural district in central India faced the threat of a water crisis owing to the unscientific water extraction by the resident farmers. The government appointed a task force to investigate the problem. The team executed the idea to harvest excess water from the fields through a cheap and efficient method. Though it showed spectacular results in the initial months, the farmers gave up the innovation soon. When the team met two years later, they were shocked by the unenthusiastic response of the farmers. This case pertains to the failure of policy innovations and change management in government.

Complexity academic level

This case is useful for undergraduate-level courses in public management, public policy and governance with modules in change management, innovation management, rural development and programme implementation. Training modules for novice public service professionals and programme management personnel in government organisations. Elective courses on public policy, government relations and public sector management for undergraduate students of business administration.
The adaptation of educational expectations in response to ability tracking: Variations by migration background
Authors: Geven Sara , Forster Andrea G.
Published: August 2021

In various educational systems, students are sorted into separate secondary schools on the basis of their academic ability. Research suggests that this type of tracking impacts students' educational expectations, as expectations generally align with students' ability track. However, most research is cross‐sectional and students with lower expectations are possibly also sorted into lower tracks. Moreover, the extent to which track placement influences expectations may vary across students. In this paper, we address the following research question: how does ability tracking impact the development of student expectations and how does this vary by students' migration background. Based on the literature on the immigrant aspiration–achievement paradox, we expect that students with a migration background are less likely to adapt expectations downwardly, and more likely to adapt expectations upward in response to track placement. Using German panel data, we examine the educational expectations of students with and without a migration background, before and after track placement. Moreover, we use variations in tracking procedures across German states to study how students who get tracked compare with students who do not get tracked in the development of their educational expectations. We show that students are more likely to upwardly adjust their expectations when their track placement exceeds their expectations and to downwardly adjust their expectations when their track placement is below their expectations. We find little support for the hypothesized variations by student migration background. Students whose parent(s) hold (a) Bachelor degree(s) are more likely to upwardly adjust their expectations when their track placement exceeds their expectations than students whose parent(s) maximally hold an upper secondary or vocational degree(s).
Effect of nonthermal treatments on selected natural food pigments and color changes in plant material
Authors: Nowacka Małgorzata , Dadan Magdalena , Janowicz Monika , Wiktor Artur , Witrowa‐Rajchert Dorota , Mandal Ronit , Pratap‐Singh Anubhav , Janiszewska‐Turak Emilia
Published: August 2021

In recent years, traditional high‐temperature food processing is continuously being replaced by nonthermal processes. Nonthermal processes have a positive effect on food quality, including color and maintaining natural food pigments. Thus, this article describes the influence of nonthermal, new, and traditional treatments on natural food pigments and color changes in plant materials. Characteristics of natural pigments, such as anthocyanins, betalains, carotenoids, chlorophylls, and so forth available in the plant tissue, are shortly presented. Also, the characteristics and mechanism of nonthermal processes such as pulsed electric field, ultrasound, high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed light, cold plasma, supercritical fluid extraction, and lactic acid fermentation are described. Furthermore, the disadvantages of these processes are mentioned. Each treatment is evaluated in terms of its effects on all types of natural food pigments, and the possible applications are discussed. Analysis of the latest literature showed that the use of nonthermal technologies resulted in better preservation of pigments contained in the plant tissue and improved yield of extraction. However, it is important to select the appropriate processing parameters and to optimize this process in relation to a specific type of raw material.
Advances in quantification and analysis of the celiac‐related immunogenic potential of gluten
Authors: Ribeiro Miguel , de Sousa Telma , Sabença Carolina , Poeta Patrícia , Bagulho Ana Sofia , Igrejas Gilberto
Published: August 2021

Gluten‐free products have emerged in response to the increasing prevalence of gluten‐related disorders, namely celiac disease. Therefore, the quantification of gluten in products intended for consumption by individuals who may suffer from these pathologies must be accurate and reproducible, in a way that allows their proper labeling and protects the health of consumers. Immunochemical methods have been the methods of choice for quantifying gluten, and several kits are commercially available. Nevertheless, they still face problems such as the initial extraction of gluten in complex matrices or the use of a standardized reference material to validate the results. Lately, other methodologies relying mostly on mass spectrometry‐based techniques have been explored, and that may allow, in addition to quantitative analysis, the characterizationof gluten proteins. On the other hand, although the level of 20 mg/kg of gluten detected by these methods is sufficient for a product to be considered gluten‐free, its immunogenic potential for celiac patients has not been clinically validated. In this sense, in vitro and in vivo models, such as the organoid technology applied in gut‐on‐chip devices and the transgenic humanized mouse models, respectively, are being developed for investigating both the gluten‐induced pathogenesis and the treatment of celiac disease. Due to the ubiquitous nature of gluten in the food industry, as well as the increased prevalence of gluten‐related disorders, here we intend to summarize the available methods for gluten quantification in food matrices and for the evaluation of its immunogenic potential concerning the development of novel therapies for celiac disease to highlight active research and discuss knowledge gaps and current challenges in this field.
Psychopathy, temperament, and character dimensions of personality as risk determinants of criminal recidivism in schizophrenia patients
Authors: Balcioglu Yasin Hasan , Kirlioglu Balcioglu Simge Seren , Oncu Fatih , Turkcan Ahmet
Published: August 2021

There is considerable evidence on the role of personality traits in the risk of criminal recidivism among schizophrenia patients, besides conventional risk factors. We evaluated the effects of psychopathy and biopsychosocial personality model on general criminal recidivism in schizophrenia patients. Ninety‐four male DSM‐5 diagnosed schizophrenia patients were recruited and classified into three groups according to the number of offenses since diagnosis: reoffenders (n = 32), Initial offenders (n = 31), and nonoffenders (n = 31). All subjects were evaluated by the Turkish versions of Psychopathy Checklist‐Revised (PCL‐R) and Temperament and Character Inventory‐Revised (TCI‐R). In Reoffenders, all subscale scores of PCL‐R and Novelty seeking were the highest, while Self‐directedness and Cooperativeness were the lowest. PCL‐R Total, Factor 1 and Factor 2 positively correlated with Novelty Seeking, and negatively correlated with Harm Avoidance, Self‐directedness, and Cooperativeness in offender patients. For criminal recidivism in offender patients, high PCL‐R Total and Novelty Seeking, low Harm Avoidance, Self‐directedness, and Cooperativeness, being unmarried, presence of childhood adversity, and younger age at the first offense were found to be significant predictors in univariate analyses; multivariate regression models revealed PCL‐R Total and Persistence as the only significant predictors. These results suggest that certain dimensional personality evaluations combined with potential historical, clinical, and forensic risk factors can be employed in forensic settings to screen offender schizophrenia patients at an increased risk of recidivism and to take necessary precautions against further criminal behavior.
Revised equations allowing the estimation of the uncertainty associated with the Total Body Water version of the Widmark equation
Authors: Maskell Peter D. , Korb Ann‐Sophie
Published: August 2021

Widmark calculations are the most commonly used alcohol calculations to estimate a) the amount of alcohol consumed based on blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and b) BACs at a set time after consumption of a known amount of alcohol. These calculations are vital in forensic casework. Previous work has demonstrated that using general error propagation‐based equations the variability associated with alcohol calculations can be estimated, but these equations have only been determined for the volume of distribution version of the Widmark equation. However, recent investigations have shown that the total body water (TBW) version of the Widmark equation is more reliable than the version that utilizes the apparent volume of distribution of ethanol. To date, there is no general error propagation equation to determine the variability associated the TBW version of the Widmark equation. Using previously published studies of 185 individuals in which alcohol elimination rate (β) and ethanol's volume of distribution were determined, we have shown that there is a negative correlation (−0.247) between the alcohol elimination rate (β) and TBW. Using these data, we were able to produce equations allowing the estimation of the variability of the results calculated using the TBW version of the Widmark equation. This will allow forensic practitioners to give the best determination of the variability associated with Widmark calculations currently possible.
Detection of decomposition in mahi‐mahi, croaker, red snapper, and weakfish using an electronic‐nose sensor and chemometric modeling
Authors: Karunathilaka Sanjeewa R. , Ellsworth Zachary , Yakes Betsy Jean
Published: August 2021

This study evaluated an electronic‐nose (e‐nose) sensor in combination with support vector machine (SVM) modeling for predicting the decomposition state of four types of fish fillets: mahi‐mahi, croaker, red snapper, and weakfish. The National Seafood Sensory Expert scored fillets were thawed, 10‐g portions were weighed into glass jars which were then sealed, and the jars were held at approximately 30°C to allow volatile components to be trapped and available for analysis. The measurement of the sample vial headspace was performed with an e‐nose device consisting of nanocomposite, metal oxide semiconductor (MOS), electrochemical, and photoionization sensors. Classification models were then trained based on the sensory grade of each fillet, and the e‐nose companion chemometric software identified that eight MOS were the most informative for determining a sensory pass from sensory fail sample. For SVM, the cross‐validation (CV) correct classification rates for mahi‐mahi, croaker, red snapper, and weakfish were 100%, 100%, 97%, and 97%, respectively. When the SVM prediction performances of the eight MOS were evaluated using a calibration‐independent test set of samples, correct classification rates of 93–100% were observed. Based on these results, the e‐nose measurements coupled with SVM models were found to be potentially promising for predicting the spoilage of these four fish species.

Practical Application

This report describes the application of an electronic‐nose sensor as a potential rapid and low‐cost screening method for fish spoilage. It could provide regulators and stakeholders with a practical tool to rapidly and accurately assess fish decomposition.
Emergency psychiatric assessment, treatment, and healing (EmPATH) unit decreases hospital admission for patients presenting with suicidal ideation in rural America
Authors: Kim Allison K. , Vakkalanka J. Priyanka , Van Heukelom Paul , Tate Jodi , Lee Sangil
Published: August 2021

Objectives

The objective was to evaluate the impact of an emergency psychiatric assessment, treatment, and healing (EmPATH) unit in the emergency department (ED) on hospital admissions, ED length of stay, and 30‐day follow‐up for patients presenting with suicidal ideation or attempt.

Methods

This study was a before‐and‐after analysis of introducing the EmPATH unit within a Midwestern academic medical center on outcomes of adult patients (≥18 years) presenting with suicidal ideation or suicidal attempt. The primary outcome in this study was the change in proportion of inpatient psychiatric admission of suicidal patients presenting to the ED before and after implementation of the EmPATH unit. Secondary outcomes compared were changes in proportion of any admission, incomplete admission defined as discharge from the ED after admission request placed, outpatient follow‐up, return ED visits within 30 days of admission, and ED boarding time. Association between the EmPATH unit implementation and categorical outcomes were determined using log‐binomial regression to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Continuous outcomes were log‐transformed and generalized estimating equations were used to examine as the mean difference by time period.

Results

There were 962 patients presenting with suicidal ideation (n = 435 before EmPATH unit, n = 527 after EmPATH unit). Compared to the pre‐EmPATH‐unit period, there was a reduction in psychiatric admission (RR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.40 to 0.56), any admission (RR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.58 to 0.73), incomplete admission (RR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.11 to 0.43), and 30‐day return to the ED (RR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.56 to 0.98). ED boarding time among admitted patients was reduced by approximately two‐thirds both in admitted patients (RR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.30 to 0.39) and among those with incomplete admissions (RR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.23 to 0.61). There was a 60% increase in a 30‐day follow‐up care established at the time of discharge (RR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.40 to 1.82).

Conclusions

The introduction of the EmPATH unit has improved management of patients presenting to the ED with suicidal attempts/ideation by reducing ED boarding and unnecessary admissions and establishing post‐ED follow‐up care.
Identifying a limiting factor in the population dynamics of a threatened amphibian: The influence of extended female maturation on operational sex ratio
Authors: Beranek Chad T. , Maynard Cassandra , McHenry Colin , Clulow John , Mahony Michael
Published: August 2021

Understanding amphibian population dynamics is integral to mitigating severe declines that are occurring due to threats such as habitat removal and chytrid‐induced disease. Few studies have focused on sex‐specific population dynamics, despite the potential for these processes to alter colonisation and population turn‐over in newly created habitats. Here, we investigate sex‐specific population dynamics in the threatened green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea) using intensive capture‐recapture methods in a newly created wetland complex and control sites. As hypothesised, females took longer to reach maturity compared to males. The length of female maturation was 3.9 times greater than that of males (428.68 days ± 107.6 SD and 110.16 days ± 20.59 SD, respectively). This resulted in a one‐year delay in female population size increase compared to the male population. The operational sex ratio (OSR) in the second year of monitoring in the created wetlands had the most disproportionate male bias out of any year and any site (12/1 male/female, male proportion = 0.92 ± 0.89–0.94 95% CI). In the third year, the OSR had become less male biased (2.6/1, male proportion = 0.72 ± 65–0.78 95% CI), likely attributed to the maturing of the females produced in the first year breeding events. We did not find any evidence that survival or detection probability influenced the observed OSRs in the created wetlands. Based on survival rates of each sex, we estimate that males are 77 times more likely to reach sexual maturity compared to females. We postulate that the combination of chytrid‐induced disease and sex‐biased maturation rates may be a driver of declines, especially in populations with limited recruitment. We encourage future research into investigating sex‐specific population dynamics of amphibians, especially relating to reintroduction ecology and disease.
Clinical characteristics of human platelet antigen (HPA)‐1a and HPA‐5b alloimmunised pregnancies and the association between platelet HPA‐5b antibodies and symptomatic fetal neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia
Authors: de Vos Thijs W. , Porcelijn Leendert , Hofstede‐van Egmond Suzanne , Pajkrt Eva , Oepkes Dick , Lopriore Enrico , van der Schoot C. Ellen , Winkelhorst Dian , de Haas Masja
Published: August 2021

Fetal neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is caused by maternal alloantibodies directed against the human platelet antigens (mostly HPA‐1a or HPA‐5b) of the (unborn) child and can lead to severe bleeding. Anti‐HPA‐1a‐mediated FNAIT shows a severe clinical outcome more often than anti‐HPA‐5b‐mediated FNAIT. Given the relatively high prevalence of anti‐HPA‐5b in pregnant women, the detection of anti‐HPA‐5b in FNAIT‐suspected cases may in some cases be an incidental finding. Therefore we investigated the frequency of anti‐HPA‐5b‐associated severe bleeding in FNAIT. We performed a retrospective nationwide cohort study in cases with clinical suspicion of FNAIT. HPA antibody screening was performed using monoclonal antibody‐specific immobilisation of platelet antigens. Parents and neonates were typed for the cognate antigen. Clinical data were collected by a structured questionnaire. In 1 864 suspected FNAIT cases, 161 cases (8·6%) had anti‐HPA‐1a and 60 (3·2%) had anti‐HPA‐5b. The proportion of cases with severe bleeding did not differ between the cases with anti‐HPA‐1a (14/129; 11%) and anti‐HPA‐5b (4/40; 10%). In multigravida pregnant women with a FNAIT‐suspected child, 100% (81/81) of anti‐HPA‐1a cases and 79% (38/48) of anti‐HPA‐5b cases were HPA‐incompatible, whereas 86% and 52% respectively were expected, based on the HPA allele distribution. We conclude that anti‐HPA‐5b can be associated with severe neonatal bleeding symptoms. A prospective study is needed for true assessment of the natural history of anti‐HPA‐5b mediated FNAIT.
Analysis of implant stability changes in immediate loading using a laser displacement sensor in vivo and comparison of its sensitivity with that of resonance frequency analysis
Authors: Murakami Kazuhiro , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Ishida Junichi , Tsutsumi Sadami , Kirita Tadaaki
Published: August 2021

Objective

The aim of this study was to analyze the stability changes in immediately loaded implants by using an in vivo quantitative measurement of micromotion under functional dynamic loading and to verify the sensitivity of Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) as compared to that of actual micromotion.

Materials and methods

The micromotions of immediately loaded implants placed in the tibia of 11 rabbits were monitored using a laser displacement sensor. Functional dynamic loading forces were applied 5 days a week for 6 weeks. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) was monitored using RFA.

Results

The micromotion of the almost‐loaded implants increased to peak values the day after loading was started and subsequently reached a plateau gradually. The ISQ changes in the loaded implants closely correlated with the alterations of the actual micromotion (r = −0.98, p < .01). Although the ISQ value itself correlated with the measured micromotion at the time of initial fixation (r = 0.73, p < .05), it did not correlate with the micromotion of the implant that acquired integration. No close correlation was observed between the ISQ and the histomorphometrical data.

Conclusion

The immediately loaded implants showed the lowest stability immediately after the start of loading, which gradually increased thereafter. RFA is considered a useful method for examining stability changes and initial stability; however, it cannot determine the absolute magnitude of the stability after integration.
Live reptile smuggling is predicted by trends in the legal exotic pet trade
Authors: Stringham Oliver C. , García‐Díaz Pablo , Toomes Adam , Mitchell Lewis , Ross Joshua V. , Cassey Phillip
Published: August 2021

Live animal smuggling presents a suite of conservation and biosecurity concerns, including the introduction of invasive species and diseases. Yet, understanding why certain species are smuggled over others, and predicting which species will be smuggled, remains relatively unexplored. Here, we compared the live reptile species illegally smuggled to Australia (75 species) to the legal trade of live reptile species in the United States. Almost all smuggled species were found in the legal US pet market (74 species), and we observed an average time lag of 5.6 years between a species first appearing in the United States and its subsequent detection in Australia. Using a Bayesian regression model, species popularity in the United States, and internationally, were positively associated with smuggling probability to Australia. Our findings give insight to the drivers of illegal wildlife trade and our predictive modelling approach provides a framework for anticipating future trends in wildlife smuggling.