bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using artificial neural networks to predict riming from Doppler cloud radar observations
Authors: Vogl Teresa , Maahn Maximilian , Kneifel Stefan , Schimmel Willi , Moisseev Dmitri , Kalesse-Los Heike
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Riming, i.e., the accretion and freezing of supercooled liquid water (SLW) on ice particles in mixed-phase clouds, is an important pathway for precipitation formation. Detecting and quantifying riming using ground-based cloud radar observations is of great interest; however, approaches based on measurements of the mean Doppler velocity (MDV) are unfeasible in convective and orographically influenced cloud systems. Here, we show how artificial neural networks (ANNs) can be used to predict riming using ground-based, zenith-pointing cloud radar variables as input features. ANNs are a versatile means to extract relations from labeled data sets, which contain input features along with the expected target values. Training data are extracted from a data set acquired during winter 2014 in Finland, containing both Ka- and W-band cloud radar and in situ observations of snowfall by a Precipitation Imaging Package from which the rime mass fraction (FRPIP) is retrieved. ANNs are trained separately either on the Ka-band radar or the W-band radar data set to predict the rime fraction FRANN. We focus on two configurations of input variables. ANN 1 uses the equivalent radar reflectivity factor (Ze), MDV, the width from left to right edge of the spectrum above the noise floor (spectrum edge width – SEW), and the skewness as input features. ANN 2 only uses Ze, SEW, and skewness. The application of these two ANN configurations to case studies from different data sets demonstrates that both are able to predict strong riming (FRANN > 0.7) and yield low values (FRANN ≤ 0.4) for unrimed snow. In general, the predictions of ANN 1 and 2 are very similar, advocating the capability of predicting riming without the use of MDV. The predictions of both ANNs for a wintertime convective cloud fit with coinciding in situ observations extremely well, suggesting the possibility to predict riming even within convective systems. Application of ANN 2 to an orographic case yields high FRANN values coinciding with observations of solid graupel particles at the ground.
Reviews and syntheses: Assessment of Biogeochemical Models in the Marine Environment
Authors: Ismail Kaltham , Al-Shehhi Maryam Rashed
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Marine biogeochemical models are key tools utilized to quantify numerous aspects of biogeochemistry including primary productivity, cycling of nutrients, redistribution of plankton, and variability of the carbon cycle in the ocean. These models are typically coupled to physical models with a horizontal resolution varying from few kilometers to more than 400 kilometers. Many of the existing biogeochemical models are commonly based on the NPZD model structure however, these models differ in their complexity determined by the number of state variables and the functional forms. Therefore, this review illustrates the types of the common biogeochemical models categorized based on the complexity levels and the governing equations. Then, applications of these models in several ecosystems of the world ocean are presented through a comprehensive assessment and evaluation of their performance in reproducing biogeochemical parameters such as chlorophyll-a, nutrients, as well as carbon and oxygen. In general, models based on functional group approach when coupled to high-resolution physical models show good estimates of surface nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), silica (S) in global oceans with correlation coefficients (r) of ≥ 0.85, ≥ 0.9, and ≥ 0.78 respectively. Similarly, NPZD based models coupled to suitable physical models are found to accurately reproduce N, P, and oxygen (O) with coefficients of determination (R2) around 0.9 (for N & P) and ~ > 0.9 (for O) particularly in the Indian and Pacific waters. In addition, highest performance for iron prediction in global oceans is found with r values between 0.7 and 0.86 particularly by functional group approach models. However, chlorophyll-a prediction has shown varying performances by all types of models with r ranging from 0.55 and 0.9. So, applications of biogeochemical models are dependent on the features of the ecosystem and the purpose of the study. Therefore, the functional group approach models are mainly applied to investigate biogeochemical cycles while NPZD models are mainly used for physical-biological investigation.
An inventory of supraglacial lakes and channels across the West Antarctic Ice Sheet
Authors: Corr Diarmuid , Leeson Amber , McMillan Malcolm , Zhang Ce , Barnes Thomas
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Quantifying the extent and distribution of supraglacial hydrology, i.e. lakes
and streams, is important for understanding the mass balance of the Antarctic
ice sheet and its consequent contribution to global sea-level rise. The
existence of meltwater on the ice surface has the potential to affect ice
shelf stability and grounded ice flow through hydrofracturing and the
associated delivery of meltwater to the bed. In this study, we systematically
map all observable supraglacial lakes and streams in West Antarctica by
applying a semi-automated Dual-NDWI (normalised difference water index)
approach to >2000 images acquired by the Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8
satellites during January 2017. We use a K-means clustering method to
partition water into lakes and streams, which is important for understanding
the dynamics and inter-connectivity of the hydrological system. When compared
to a manually delineated reference dataset on three Antarctic test sites, our
approach achieves average values for sensitivity (85.3 % and
77.6 %), specificity (99.1 % and 99.7 %) and
accuracy (98.7 % and 98.3 %) for Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8
acquisitions, respectively. We identified 10 478 supraglacial features
(10 223 lakes and 255 channels) on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) and
Antarctic Peninsula (AP), with a combined area of 119.4 km2
(114.7 km2 lakes, 4.7 km2 channels). We found
27.3 % of feature area on grounded ice and 54.9 % on
floating ice shelves. In total, 17.8 % of feature area crossed the
grounding line. A recent expansion in satellite data provision made new
continental-scale inventories such as these, the first produced for WAIS and
AP, possible. The inventories provide a baseline for future studies and a
benchmark to monitor the development of Antarctica's surface hydrology in a
warming world and thus enhance our capability to predict the collapse of ice
shelves in the future. The dataset is available at
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642755 (Corr et al., 2021).
Mapping long-term and high-resolution global gridded photosynthetically active radiation using the ISCCP H-series cloud product and reanalysis data
Authors: Tang Wenjun , Qin Jun , Yang Kun , Jiang Yaozhi
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is a fundamental physiological variable for research in the ecological, agricultural, and global change fields. In this study, we produced a 35-year (1984–2018) high-resolution (3 h, 10 km) global gridded PAR dataset using an effective physical-based model. The main inputs of the model were the latest International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) H-series cloud products, MERRA-2 aerosol data, ERA5 surface routine variables, and MODIS and CLARRA-2 albedo products. Our gridded PAR product was evaluated against surface observations measured at seven experimental stations of the SURFace RADiation budget network (SURFRAD), 42 experimental stations of the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), and 38 experimental stations of the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN). Instantaneous PAR was validated against SURFRAD and NEON data; mean bias errors (MBE) and root mean square errors (RMSE) were, on average, 5.8 W m−2 and 44.9 W m−2, respectively, and correlation coefficient (R) was 0.94 at the 10 km scale. When upscaled to 30 km, the errors were markedly reduced. Daily PAR was validated against SURFRAD, NEON, and CERN data, and the RMSEs were 13.2 W m−2, 13.1 W m−2, and 19.6 W m−2, respectively at the 10 km scale. The RMSEs were slightly reduced when upscaled to 30 km. Compared with the well-known global satellite-based PAR product of the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES), our PAR product was found to be a more accurate dataset with higher resolution. This new dataset is now available at https://doi.org/10.11888/RemoteSen.tpdc.271909 (Tang, 2021).
Diagnostic evaluation of river discharge into the Arctic Ocean and its impact on oceanic volume transports
Authors: Winkelbauer Susanna , Mayer Michael , Seitner Vanessa , Zsoter Ervin , Zuo Hao , Haimberger Leopold
Published: January 2022

Abstract. This study analyses river discharge into the Arctic Ocean using state-of-the-art reanalyses such as the fifth-generation European Reanalysis (ERA5) and the reanalysis component from the Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS). GloFAS, in its operational version 2.1, combines the land surface model (Hydrology Tiled European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts – ECMWF – Scheme for Surface Exchanges over Land, HTESSEL) from ECMWF’s ERA5 with a hydrological and channel routing model (LISFLOOD). Furthermore, we analyse GloFAS' most recent version 3.1, which is not coupled to HTESSEL but uses the full configuration of LISFLOOD. Seasonal cycles as well as annual runoff trends are analysed for the major Arctic watersheds – Yenisei, Ob, Lena, and Mackenzie – where reanalysis-based runoff can be compared to available observed river discharge records. Furthermore, we calculate river discharge over the whole pan-Arctic region and, by combination with atmospheric inputs, storage changes from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and oceanic volume transports from ocean reanalyses, we assess closure of the non-steric water volume budget. Finally, we provide best estimates for every budget equation term using a variational adjustment scheme. Runoff from ERA5 and GloFAS v2.1 features pronounced declining trends induced by two temporal inhomogeneities in ERA5's data assimilation system, and seasonal river discharge peaks are underestimated by up to 50 % compared to observations. The new GloFAS v3.1 product exhibits distinct improvements and performs best in terms of seasonality and long-term means; however, in contrast to gauge observations, it also features declining runoff trends. Calculating runoff indirectly through the divergence of moisture flux is the only reanalysis-based estimate that is able to reproduce the river discharge increases measured by gauge observations (pan-Arctic increase of 2 % per decade). In addition, we examine Greenlandic discharge, which contributes about 10 % of the total pan-Arctic discharge and features strong increases mainly due to glacial melting. The variational adjustment yields reliable estimates of the volume budget terms on an annual scale, requiring only moderate adjustments of less than 3 % for each individual term. Approximately 6583±84 km3 of freshwater leaves the Arctic Ocean per year through its boundaries. About two-thirds of this is contributed by runoff from the surrounding land areas to the Arctic Ocean (4379±25 km3 yr−1), and about one-third is supplied by the atmosphere. However, on a seasonal scale budget residuals of some calendar months were too large to be eliminated within the a priori spreads of the individual terms. This suggests that systematical errors are present in the reanalyses and ocean reanalysis data sets, which are not considered in our uncertainty estimation.
Trends and variability in snowmelt in China under climate change
Authors: Yang Yong , Chen Rensheng , Liu Guohua , Liu Zhangwen , Wang Xiqiang
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Snowmelt is a major fresh water resource, and quantifying snowmelt and its variability under climate change is necessary for the planning and management of water resources. Spatiotemporal changes in snow properties in China have drawn wide attention in recent decades; however, country-wide assessments of snowmelt are lacking. Using precipitation and temperature data with a high spatial resolution (0.5′; approximately 1 km), this study calculated the monthly snowmelt in China for the 1951–2017 period, using a simple temperature index model, and the model outputs were validated using snowfall, snow depth, snow cover extent and snow water equivalent. Precipitation and temperature scenarios developed from five CMIP5 models were used to predict future snowmelt in China under three different representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The results show that the mean annual snowmelt in China from 1951 to 2017 is 2.41×1011 m3 yr−1. The mean annual snowmelt values in Northern Xinjiang, Northeast China and the Tibetan Plateau – China's three main stable snow cover regions – are 0.18×1011, 0.42×1011 and 1.15×1011 m3 yr−1, respectively. From 1951 to 2017, the snowmelt increased significantly in the Tibetan Plateau and decreased significantly in northern, central and southeastern China. In the whole of China, there was a decreasing trend in snowmelt, but this was not statistically significant. The mean annual snowmelt runoff ratios are generally more than 10 % in almost all third-level basins in West China, more than 5 % in third-level basins in North and Northeast China and less than 2 % in third-level basins in South China. From 1951 to 2017, the annual snowmelt runoff ratios decreased in most third-level basins in China. Under RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, the projected snowmelt in China in the near future (2011–2040; mid-future –2041–2070; far future – 2071–2099) may decrease by 10.4 % (15.8 %; 13.9 %), 12.0 % (17.9 %; 21.1 %) and 11.7 % (24.8 %; 36.5 %) compared to the reference period (1981–2010), respectively. Most of the projected mean annual snowmelt runoff ratios in third-level basins in different future periods are lower than those in the reference period. Low temperature regions can tolerate more warming, and the snowmelt change in these regions is mainly influenced by precipitation; however, the snowmelt change in warm regions is more sensitive to temperature increases. The spatial variability in snowmelt changes may lead to regional differences in the impact of snowmelt on water supply.
Hydrology without dimensions
Authors: Porporato Amilcare
Published: January 2022

Abstract. By rigorously accounting for dimensional homogeneity in physical laws, the Π theorem and the related self-similarity hypotheses allow us to achieve a dimensionless reformulation of scientific hypotheses in a lower-dimensional context. This paper presents applications of these concepts to the partitioning of water and soil on terrestrial landscapes. For such processes, their complexity and lack of first principle formulation make dimensional analysis an excellent tool to formulate theories that are amenable to empirical testing and analytical developments. The resulting scaling laws help reveal the dominant environmental controls for these partitionings. In particular, we discuss how the dryness index and the storage index affect the long-term rainfall partitioning, the key nonlinear control of the dryness index in global datasets of weathering rates, and the existence of new macroscopic relations among average variables in landscape evolution statistics. The scaling laws for the partitioning of sediments, the elevation profile, and the spectral scaling of self-similar topographies also unveil tantalizing analogies with turbulent flows.
Technical Note: Calibration-Free pH Sensing of Ocean and Estuarine Waters
Authors: Miranda Mugica Monica , Day Christina , McHale Brandon , McGuinness Kay Louis , Lee Gareth , Pickup Daisy , Lawrence Nathan Scott
Published: January 2022

Abstract. An electrochemical based, all solid-state, calibration-free pH sensor is presented. The sensor is targeted for monitoring the pH of ocean and estuarine environments covering a salinity range from 10–35 ppt without the need for additional salinity measurements. The sensor performance is demonstrated in both laboratory and field conditions. The field tests were conducted in an estuarine environment close to Oban in Scotland where the sensor was deployed for a period of three days. The sensor was validated against a sampled solution and tested alongside a glass pH sensor. The data highlighted the efficiency of the sensor to monitor the tidal variations of pH in the estuarine environment.
Cross-platform classification of level and deformed sea ice considering per-class incident angle dependency of backscatter intensity
Authors: Guo Wenkai , Itkin Polona , Lohse Johannes , Johansson Malin , Doulgeris Anthony Paul
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Wide-swath C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been used for sea ice
classification and estimates of sea ice drift and deformation since it first
became widely available in the 1990s. Here, we examine the potential to
distinguish surface features created by sea ice deformation using ice type
classification of SAR data. Also, we investigate the cross-platform
transferability between training sets derived from Sentinel-1 Extra Wide (S1
EW) and RADARSAT-2 (RS2) ScanSAR Wide A (SCWA) and fine quad-polarimetric (FQ)
data, as the same radiometrically calibrated backscatter coefficients are
expected from the two C-band sensors. We use a novel sea ice classification
method developed based on Arctic-wide S1 EW training, which considers
per-ice-type incident angle (IA) dependency of backscatter intensity. This
study focuses on the region near Fram Strait north of Svalbard to utilize
expert knowledge of ice conditions during the Norwegian young sea ICE
(N-ICE2015) expedition. Manually drawn polygons of different ice types for S1
EW, RS2 SCWA and RS2 FQ data are used to retrain the classifier. Different
training sets yield similar classification results and IA slopes, with the
exception of leads with calm open water, nilas or newly formed ice (the
“leads” class). This is caused by different noise floor configurations of S1
and RS2 data, which interact differently with leads, necessitating
dataset-specific retraining for this class. SAR scenes are then classified
based on the classifier retrained for each dataset, with the classification
scheme altered to separate level from deformed ice to enable direct comparison
with independently derived sea ice deformation maps. The comparisons show that
the classification of C-band SAR can be used to distinguish areas of ice
divergence occupied by leads, young ice and level first-year ice
(LFYI). However, it has limited capacity in delineating areas of ice
deformation due to ambiguities between ice types with higher backscatter
intensities. This study provides reference to future studies seeking
cross-platform application of training sets so they are fully utilized, and we
expect further development of the classifier and the inclusion of other SAR
datasets to enable image-classification-based ice deformation detection using
only satellite SAR.
Ice-shelf ocean boundary layer dynamics from large-eddy simulations
Authors: Begeman Carolyn Branecky , Asay-Davis Xylar , Van Roekel Luke
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Small-scale turbulent flow below ice shelves is regionally isolated and difficult to measure and simulate. Yet these small-scale processes, which regulate heat and salt transfer between the ocean and ice shelves, can affect sea-level rise by altering the ability of Antarctic ice shelves to “buttress” ice flux to the ocean. In this study, we improve our understanding of turbulence below ice shelves by means of large-eddy simulations at sub-meter resolution, capturing boundary layer mixing at scales intermediate between laboratory experiments or direct numerical simulations and regional or global ocean circulation models. Our simulations feature the development of an ice-shelf ocean boundary layer through dynamic ice melting in a regime with low thermal driving, low ice-shelf basal slope, and strong shear driven by the geostrophic flow. We present a preliminary assessment of existing ice-shelf basal melt parameterizations adopted in single component or coupled ice-sheet and ocean models on the basis of a small parameter study. While the parameterized linear relationship between ice-shelf melt rate and far-field ocean temperature appears to be robust, we point out a little-considered relationship between ice-shelf basal slope and melting worthy of further study.
Gestión académica resiliente: Estrategias para el contexto universitario
Authors: Gómez Rivadeneira Johanna Sissibel , Bazurto Vinces Jandre , Saldarriaga Villamil Kasandra Vanessa , Tarazona Meza Anicia Katherine
Published: January 2022

La inmediatez y creatividad en la reorganización y adecuación de las actividades académicas, ha significado el reporte de situaciones de frustración y agobio debido a la adaptación a una modalidad de gestión académica de las funciones sustantivas totalmente virtualizada y nunca experimentada sin la correspondiente capacitación para ello. El propósito del estudio se orienta a determinar las estrategias que pueden coadyuvar a una gestión académica resiliente de los docentes universitarios a los fines de superar las posibles barreras y limitaciones devenidas de una actuación académica en total confinamiento. Siguiendo la metodología de la investigación documental se proponen seis estrategias que pueden estimular una gestión docente resiliente, las cuales refieren: mecanismos de flexibilidad y adecuación institucional, acciones de apoyo; acompañamiento, estímulo y seguridad institucional; afrontamiento afectivo; autoexaminación sobre los nuevos roles y alcances de la gestión docente; integración a redes académicas intra y extrainstitucionales; planificación y acción académica enfocada en la innovación; y la gestión académica del docente es un aprendizaje continuo. Se concluye que una gestión académica resiliente amerita un paulatino pero consistente reaprendizaje ante la enseñanza, ante la investigación y ante las formas de vinculación con la universidad y la sociedad.
La educación del marketing en Latinoamérica: una revisión de literatura
Authors: Suárez-Calixto Robert Sandro
Published: January 2022

La educación del marketing ha sido tratada en diversos países. Sin embargo, los estudios en la educación del marketing en Latinoamérica están dispersos. El presente estudio se plantea dos objetivos: identificar los temas estudiados en la educación del marketing en Latinoamérica y proponer temas de investigación a partir de los artículos revisados. Para los propósitos de la investigación se ha recurrido a una revisión de literatura. Se ha detectado 36 artículos en relación al tema de investigación. Los temas tratados son: currículo, egresados, docencia y estudiantes. Entre los resultados se encuentran la existencia de bibliografía en ciencias sociales que aborda con suficiencia. Se concluye que la didáctica centrada en el estudiante predomina en la enseñanza del marketing, así como es necesario estudios en la enseñanza del marketing en el contexto virtual y estudios del proceso enseñanza y aprendizaje en el nivel de postgrado en la educación del marketing.
Relación entre motivación y satisfacción en voluntarios corporativos
Authors: Licandro Oscar Daniel , do Paço Arminda , Yapor Stefanía , Correa Patricia
Published: January 2022

En este documento se presentan los resultados de una investigación sobre la relación entre motivación y satisfacción en el voluntariado corporativo. La investigación se basó en una muestra no probabilística de voluntarios de 13 empresas que poseen programas de voluntariado corporativo en Uruguay. La satisfacción se dividió en cinco dimensiones tomadas de la literatura, una de las cuales refiere a la satisfacción de las motivaciones y las otras cuatro aluden a aspectos controlables por las empresas (satisfacción con la organización, oferta de actividades, tareas y apoyo que reciben los voluntarios). Para medir la motivación se utilizó el marco conceptual y los indicadores del Volunteer Functions Inventory. Se encontró que existe correlación positiva entre la motivación y cada una de las cinco dimensiones de la satisfacción. Los resultados de esta investigación contribuyen al desarrollo teórico y metodológico sobre el estudio de la satisfacción en el ámbito específico del voluntariado corporativo. Además, son un aporte para los gestores de las actividades de voluntario corporativo, para mejorar la satisfacción en las dimensiones que son controlables ellos.
Internal and External Oblique Muscle Asymmetry in Sprint Hurdlers and Sprinters: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Adams Lauren , Pace Nicolas , Heo Austin , Hunter Iain , Johnson A. Wayne , Mitchell Ulrike H.
Published: January 2022

The abdominal muscles are vital in providing core stability for functional movements during most activities. There is a correlation between side asymmetry of these muscles and dysfunction. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare trunk muscle morphology and trunk rotational strength between sprint hurdlers, an asymmetrical sport, and sprinters, a symmetrical sport. Twenty-one trained collegiate sprint hurdlers and sprinters were recruited for the study (Hurdlers: 4M, 7F; Sprinters: 8M, 2F), average age (years) hurdlers: 20 ± 1.2; sprinters: 20.4 ± 1.9, height (cm) hurdlers: 172.6 ± 10.2; sprinters: 181.7 ± 4.5, and weight (kg) hurdlers: 67.6 ± 12.0; sprinters: 73.9 ± 5.6. Using real-time ultrasound, panoramic images of the internal oblique (IO) and external oblique (EO) were obtained at rest and contracted (flexion and rotation) in a seated position for both right and left sides of the trunk. While wearing a specially crafted shoulder harness, participants performed three maximal voluntary trunk rotational contractions (MVC). The three attempts were then averaged to obtain an overall MVC score for trunk rotation strength. Average MVC trunk rotational strength to the right was greater among all participants, p < 0.001. The IO showed greater and significant thickness changes from resting to contracted state than the EO, this was observed in all participants. The IO side asymmetry was significantly different between groups p < 0.01. Hurdlers, involved in a unilaterally demanding sport, exhibited the expected asymmetry in muscle morphology and in trunk rotational strength. Interestingly, sprinters, although involved in a seemingly symmetrical sport, also exhibited asymmetrical trunk morphology and trunk rotational strength.
إستخدام الأجـهـزة الإلكترونية وأثرها علـى سلوك الأطـفال من وجهة نظر الوالدين (دراسة وصفية على عينة من آباء وأمهات طلاب الصفوف العليا للمرحلة الابتدائية بمحافظة جدة)
Authors:   ماجستير التوجيه والإصلاح الأسري، قسم الاجتماع والخدمة الاجتماعية، كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية، جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، المملكة العربية السعودية, الشهري حمدان
Published: January 2022

هدفت الدراسة إلى معرفة العلاقة بين مستوى التحصيل الدراسي للطفل واستخدام الأجهزة الإلكترونية كما اهتمت بكشف العلاقة بين استخدام الأجهزة الإلكترونية والسلوك العدواني لدى الأطفال. كما سعت الدراسة إلى التعرف على المستوى التعليمي والاقتصادي للأسرة وعلاقتها بامتلاك الأطفال للأجهزة الإلكترونية. كما هدفت لمعرفة العلاقة بين استخدام الأجهزة الإلكترونية والانعزال والانطواء لدى الأطفال. والتعرف على العلاقة بين استخدام الأجهزة الإلكترونية والصحة العامة للطفل. تم في هذه الدراسة استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، الذي يعبّر عن الحالة المدروسة تعبيرًا كميًا وكيفيًا، حيث يمكننا وصف وتشخيص موضوع البحث وتحليل بعض جوانبه، كما أشار عبيدات وزملائه (2004)، بأنه عبارة عن أسلوب يعتمد دراسة الواقع أو الظاهرة كما توجد في الواقع، وتسهم بوصفها وصفاً دقيقاً، ويعبر عنها تعبيراً كيفياً أو كمياً. وقد بلغت عينة الدراسة (411) من أباء وأمهات حيث بلغ عدد الاباء (294) والأمهات (117). تمت معالجة بيانات الدراسة باستخدام الأساليب الإحصائية(Spss) المناسبة لطبيعة هذه الدراسة وذلك عن طريق المتوسطات الحسابية والانحرافات المعيارية. كما أوصت الدراسة إلى ما يلي: مشاركة الاطفال في وضع قواعد خاصة حول الاستخدام السليم والآمن للجهاز مثل تحديد الوقت والمكان والمدة المسموح بها. مساعد الاطفال على تعلم كيفية الحفاظ على خصوصية المعلومات الشخصية خاصةً من الغرباء، فبعض الأشخاص ليسوا كما يدعون. تذكير الأطفال بأن ما يحدث عبر الإنترنت يبقى على الإنترنت ومن الصعب حذفه كالرسائل والصور ومقاطع الفيديو. تعليم الاطفال أن يحترموا دائمًا المعلومات الشخصية للأصدقاء والعائلة وألا يشاركوا أي معلومات عن الآخرين قد تسبب لهم أي إحراج أو أذى. عدم ترك الاطفال يتناولون طعامهم أثناء ممارساتهم الالعاب الالكترونية عبر الاجهزة.
انحراف الأحداث في الأسر المفككة ودور الأخصائي الاجتماعي في الحد منها (دراسة تطبيقية على الأخصائيين الاجتماعيين بمراكز تأهيل الأحداث بمنطقة مكة المكرمة)
Authors:   ماجستير في الإصلاح الأسري، قسم علم الإجتماع والخدمة الاجتماعية، كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية، جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، المملكة العربية السعودية, الحارثي مشهور
Published: January 2022

هدفت الدراسة الى التعرف على أهم العوامل (الأسرية، الاجتماعية خارج الأسرة، التكنولوجية) المؤدية لإنحراف الأحداث في الأسر المفككة، ودور الاخصائي الاجتماعي في مواجهتها، كذلك تحديد أهم المقترحات اللازمة لتفعيل دور الأخصائي الاجتماعي في مجال رعاية الأحداث. وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على منهج المسح الاجتماعي، واستخدمت الدراسة الاستبانه كأداة رئيسية لجمع البيانات من عينة عشوائية مكونة من (129) أخصائي اجتماعي بمراكز التأهيل الشامل التابعة لوزارة الشؤون الاجتماعية بمنطقة مكة المكرمة (مدينة جده - مدينة مكة المكرمة - مدينة القنفذة - مدينة الطائف). وخلصت نتائج الدراسة الى أن أهم العوامل الأسرية المؤدية لإنحراف الأحداث في الأسر المفككة تمثلت في ضعف الرقابة الأسرية، وانفصال الوالدين بهجر أو طلاق، وانتشار العنف الأسري، كما أوضحت النتائج أن أهم العوامل الاجتماعية خارج الاسرة المؤدية لإنحراف الأحداث في الأسر المفككة تمثلت في التأثر برفاق السوء، وضعف الوازع الديني لدى الأحداث، وغياب الرقابة الاجتماعية على سلوكيات الأحداث، كذلك أوضحت النتائج أن أهم العوامل التكنولوجية المؤدية لإنحراف الأحداث في الأسر المفككة تمثلت في عدم اهتمام الأسرة بمحتوى البرامج التي يشاهدها، وإدمان المواقع الالكترونية المختلفة، وقضاء ساعات طويلة في مشاهدة أفلام الجرائم والعنف دون رقابة، توصلت النتائج أن أهم المقترحات اللازمة لتفعيل دور الأخصائي الاجتماعي في مجال رعاية الأحداث تمثلت في توفير بيئة عمل مناسبة تتيح للأخصائي الاجتماعي القيام بعمله. وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة التركيز على مشكلة انحراف الأحداث، حيث أصبحت في المجتمع السعودي تشكل مشكلة جديرة بالوقوف عندها مطولاً والبحث عن مسبباتها، وتركيز الجهود الرسمية التي تساهم في الحد من تأثيراتها السلبية على المجتمع.
«... men ble stående ansikt til ansikt i time etter time»
Authors: Kinn Torodd
Published: January 2022

Ein NPN-konstruksjon består av eit teljeleg substantiv i ubestemt eintal følgt av ein preposisjon følgd av det same substantivet i ubestemt eintal, som ansikt til ansikt og time etter time. Stundom har konstruksjonen modifiserande tillegg, som i kasse på kasse med flasker og vegg i vegg med badet. NPN-konstruksjonar har vore diskuterte ein del i seinare år, framfor alt basert på engelsk materiale, men knapt noko om norsk. Artikkelen går først inn på nokre moment frå tidlegare forsking og den analysen som blir lagd til grunn. Basert på eit stort materiale frå Leksikografisk bokmålskorpus blir det så undersøkt kva modifiserande (i hovudsak adverbiale) og nominale syntaktiske funksjonar NPN-konstruksjonar har i norsk. Vidare blir produktiviteten til konstruksjonar med ulike preposisjonar undersøkt. Fokuset ligg på uttrykk med dei åtte preposisjonane etter, for, i, mot, om, på, til og ved. Nokre av preposisjonane førekjem nesten berre i adverbial, men andre er vanlege i nominale funksjonar òg. NPN-konstruksjonar med etter, på, for og til dels mot viser høg produktivitet, mens dei andre er lite produktive.
U-omlydsvekslingar i klassisk norrønt i eit generativt fonologisk perspektiv
Authors: Abrahamsen Jardar Eggesbø
Published: January 2022

U-omlyd i klassisk norrønt kan forståast som to synkrone prosessar: Tilfelle som kǫstum pres. 1. pl., jf. infinitiv kasta, kan reknast som ein vokalharmoni av typen rundingsharmoni. Tilfelle som spǫk, hokjønnsforma av adjektivet spakr, kan reknast som effekten av eit subsegmentalt suffiks [rund] som koplar seg på ein tilgjengeleg vokal. Manglande synkron u-omlyd ved fremre vokal, som lesum pres. 1. pl. (ikkje *løsum) og blind adj. f. (ikkje *blynd), kan forståast i lys av den markerte statusen til fremre runda vokalar. Rundingsproduktet [u] i trykklett staving, som i den andre stavinga i forma kǫstuðum (pret. 1. pl., jf. kastaða 1. sg.), kan behandlast som synkron vokalreduksjon innanfor ein fonotaks der [u] er einaste tillatne trykklette vokal med runding.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MATERIAL CRIMINAL LAW TOWARD THE CRIME OF TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS
Authors: Warsifah Warsifah , Mangatur Julius
Published: January 2022

The unbalanced and unequal economic growth in society often creates social and social jealousy in the community. On the one hand, there is a group of people who have sufficient capacity economically, but on the other hand there is a group of people who have no economic capacity in their lives, so that the latter group is often a social problem that even commits the crime of theft, for example. The criminal act of theft according to the Criminal Code, there is an element of "burdensome" as regulated in Article 363 paragraph (1) of the 5th Criminal Code, namely: "It is punished with a maximum imprisonment of seven: Theft committed by a wrongdoer by entering the place. the crime or it can reach the goods to be taken, such as the example of the case presented by the author in this thesis research, namely the theft of a helmet which was committed by the defendant, preceded by the defendant entering the campus environment, the case of which was decided by the Sukabumi District Court with a decision Number: 17 / Pid. B / 2010 / PN. Skh. The formulation of the problem that will be discussed by the author are: 1) How is the application of material law to the perpetrator of the crime of theft with weighting? and 2) How is the law enforcement against the perpetrators of the crime of theft of a helmet with a weight as in Court Decision Number 17 / Pid.B / 2010 / PN. Skh? The research method that the author uses is the normative juridical method, meaning that the data used comes from library research, carried out by searching, quoting, taking notes, inventorying, analyzing, and studying data in the form of library materials needed and related to law enforcement against perpetrators. theft by weight. Finally, based on the results of the research, the authors conclude that law enforcement against the perpetrators of the crime of theft of a helmet with a weight as in Court Decision Number 17 / Pid.B / 2010 / PN. Skh, the defendant was threatened with article 363 paragraph (1) to 5 of the Criminal Code, so that the defendant Agus Hery Santoso Bin Diyono was found legally and convincingly guilty of committing a criminal act. for 2 (two) months and 15 (fifteen) days.
JURIDICAL REVIEW OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A PARTICULAR TIME AGREEMENT BASED ON LAW NUMBER 13 OF 2003 CONCERNING MANPOWER
Authors: Bunadi Bunadi , Miharja Marjan
Published: January 2022

Industrial relations disputes are common in many companies. The dismissal process is often not in accordance with the provisions of labor regulations, one of which is regarding the dismissal of PKWT / contract workers. The formulation of the problems that the author discusses in this thesis are (1) What is the role of trade unions in fighting for dismissal disputes with PKWT / Contract workers? (2) Is the Application of a Fixed Time Work Agreement (PKWT) in accordance with the provisions of Law Number 13 Year 2003 concerning Manpower? The research method used in this research is juridical normative, namely looking at the law as a written norm made and promulgated by an authorized official or institution, the nature of descriptive analytical research is a study to obtain an overview of the main object of the problem being researched. The results showed that, the role of trade unions in companies in fighting for dismissal disputes against PKWT / Contract workers in accordance with Law no. 2 of 2004 concerning PPHI article 6 in conjunction with article 8 in conjunction with article 81, namely by conducting a bipartite effort between the labor union and the company, because the bipartite effort failed, then submitted a mediation request to the Manpower Office. The mediation attempt still failed and subsequently filed a lawsuit for dismissal disputes at the Industrial Relations Court, although it was unsuccessful. The application of a fixed-term employment agreement (PKWT) is contrary to the provisions of Law number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower Article 59 paragraphs (1), (2), and (7). In addition, the PHI Judge in deciding the case did not reflect a sense of justice and ignored the evidence presented by the plaintiff (the worker). This problem should not have occurred, if the company obeyed and understood the labor regulations regarding workers who could be promised under a non-permanent contract or PKWTT.
MAXIMUM CRIMINAL SANCTIONS FOR THE PERSONNEL OF Rape ACCORDING TO ARTICLE 285 KHUP (Case Study of Decision Number 131 / Pid.B / 2019 / PN.Cbi)
Authors: Pitriadin Pitriadin , Usmanilala Usmanilala
Published: January 2022

The research objective was to analyze and describe the provision of non-maximum criminal sanctions for perpetrators of the crime of rape according to Article 285 KHUP in Decision Number 131 / Pid.B / 2019 / PN.Cbi and to analyze and describe judges' considerations in deciding cases of rape in decision No. 131 / Pid.B / 2019 / PN.Cbi. The research method used is the method of data analysis and library research / normative legal research, including primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The results of the study show that the imposition of criminal sanctions is not maximum for the perpetrators of the crime of rape in Decision Number 131 / Pid.B / 2019 / PN.Cbi has not provided a sense of justice for victims because in practice law enforcement officials including the panel of judges who should be a mouthpiece of justice turned out to be did not give maximum sanctions to the perpetrators, the panel of judges in the case even openly ignored the condition of victims who had experienced trauma and depression. This provides clear evidence that there is still a lack of guaranteed protection for victims of sexual violence, especially rape in Indonesian criminal justice. Judges considerations in deciding criminal cases of rape in decision No. 131 / Pid.B / 2019 / PN.Cbi which imposes imprisonment for 3 (years), namely when the perpetrator is aware of the consequences, the perpetrator is in a healthy condition and is capable of considering his actions. The judge also did not see any justification or excuse reasons which could be the reason for the elimination of the criminal offense committed by the perpetrator. The Panel of Judges only saw incriminating matters, namely the perpetrator's actions which made witness Erica Alendha Sari experience psychological trauma. In this case the judge did not consider guaranteeing the fulfillment of the rights of victims of sexual violence, especially rape, for remedy that must be accommodated at every stage of the criminal justice system. For this reason, it is necessary to formulate laws and regulations that guarantee the fulfillment of the right to treatment including the right to confidentiality of identity, the right to protection related to guarantees of not being blamed and prosecuted for their testimony and also the right to recovery for victims of violence so that they can continue their life.
ANALISIS PUTUSAN HAKIM TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA MEMBERI KESEMPATAN PADA ORANG LAIN UNTUK MENGANGKUT MENJUAL BATU BARA
Authors: Yunanda Shopi , B Erlina , Baharudin
Published: January 2022

The company must have a Mining Business Permit,a Special Mining Business Permit (IUPK),and Business Permit to Transport and Sell Coal.One of the decisions regarding the criminal act of abusing mining business permits is in the decision Number:550/Pid.B/LH/2020/PN.Tjk.The problems in this study are what are the factors causing and how judges consider criminal acts to provide opportunities for other people to use Mining Business Permits (IUP),IUPK and Business Permits to transport and sell coal.Decision Study Number:550/Pid.B/LH /2020/PN.Tjk).This study using secondary data sources and primary data.Factors causing the crime to provide opportunities for other people to use IUP,IUPK,and Business Permits to transport and sell coal were carried out by the Defendant because the Defendant was a worker who was ordered by his superior named Limanto to submit documents on behalf of PT.Prisma Jaya to the truck driver for transport and deliver coal.The judge's consideration of criminal act provides an opportunity for other people to use the IUP,IUPK and business permits to transport and sell coal where the Judge gives a verdict that the defendant is subject to imprisonment for 10 months and the Defendant remains detained and determines that the Defendant is burdened with paying court fees in amount of Rp.5,000.00
KONSEP DIYAT SEBAGAI SOLUSI KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA KORBAN PEMBUNUHAN DAYA PAKSA (OVERMACHT) PERSPEKTIF MAQASHID SYARIAH
Authors: Iqbal M
Published: January 2022

In discussing criminal liability, we will talk about the perpetrator of a criminal act, namely someone who has committed an act that is expressly prohibited and threatened with criminality by law, ideally that person should be convicted or punished. Likewise, the perpetrators of murder are threatened with imprisonment in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Code. However, the perpetrators of criminal acts are not always punished because the Criminal Code provides several reasons that can erase a person's guilt so that they are free from all punishments. One of them is coercive power which is regulated in Article 48 of the Criminal Code. However, the problem is that there is no formulation of coercion in the Criminal Code so that judges in deciding cases of murder due to coercion are only based on the judge's considerations and beliefs. Islamic law in comparing the existing arrangements in the Criminal Code is because Islam prioritizes protection and compensation charged to the perpetrator against the family of the murder victim, both intentional and unintentional murder. Meanwhile, the existing criminal policies in the Criminal Code have not met the principles of legal certainty and a sense of justice in society. The concept of Diyat is a welfare solution for the families of victims of murder by force, because this sanction provides benefits that can have an impact on the future. This is what is called maqshid sharia, where the law was created aiming to maintain 5 things, namely religion, reason, soul, lineage, and treasure. And the concept of diyat at least maintains 2 things, namely descent and treasure.
AKIBAT HUKUM DARI PERKAWINAN DI BAWAH TANGAN (STUDI KASUS PUTUSAN NOMOR 40/PDT.P/2018/PA.WSB
Authors: Huda Misbahul
Published: January 2022

Marriage is one of the sacred covenants of a man with a woman to form a happy family. Marriage is a sacred thing because marriage is the beginning of building a household. In Indonesia, marriage has been regulated in Law Number 16 of  2019 concerning Amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage.  prove that marriage is important in society. Everyone who wants to get married  must meet the requirements that have been determined by law such as age limit the marriage must be of the same religion and the marriage is recorded. The goal  is that every marriage does not violate applicable norms and is also  administratively orderly. The formulation of the problem: 1). What are the legal  consequences of underhanded marriage? And what is the basis for the  consideration of the Panel of Judges in deciding case number  40/Pdt.P/2018/PA.Wsb? The research method of this thesis is normative juridical,  meaning that the issues raised, discussed and described in this research is focused  on applying the rules or norms in positive law. In this study, the legal  consequences of underhanded marriages, even though they are considered valid  in religion or belief, are marriages conducted outside the knowledge and  supervision of the marriage registrar, and do not have permanent legal force and  are considered invalid in the eyes of state law. The legal consequences of  marriage, one of which results when children enter school age when registered,  every educational institution always requires the registrant (children's parents)  one of which is a birth certificate. The requirement to make a child's birth  certificate is a marriage book and the person who has a marriage book is the  person who when holding the marriage contract registers his marriage.
MENIMBANG DEMOKRASI DELIBERATIF DALAM PROSES PEMBENTUKAN HUKUM YANG DEMOKRATIS DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sukma Fadjar , Saparuli
Published: January 2022

Citizens as subjects as well as objects of law have an important role in the  process of forming laws that apply as a model that becomes patterns of  interaction in the life of the state and society as well as an order of behavior that  must be fulfilled. This is also in line with the latent spirit of the Indonesian nation,  namely "consensus" in making a decision or policy. But now democracy in  Indonesia is only defined as the election of the president and vice president and  representative institutions to sit in parliament. After that, public participation in  various aspects of life seemed to be abolished, especially in terms of the formation  of a regulation or law which actually directly affects people's lives, even though  our constitution mandates that the highest power is in the hands of the people. A study on liberalized democracy popularized by Jurgen Hambermas emphasizes  the active participation of the community as a pillar in direct supervision and  inspection as well as on the formation of laws outside the parliament in order to  direct the quality of Indonesian law towards a better direction.
Mapping of the terrains to rockfall susceptibility
Authors: Ivanov Plamen , Berov Boyko , Dobrev Nikolai
Published: January 2022

Rock collapses phenomena are one of the main processes constituting the geological hazard. Most commonly, the concept of "collapses" covers several different types of rock deformations: rockfall (linear and wedge-shaped), rock toppling, etc. It is difficult to predict the exact moment of the occurrence of a rock collapse. For this reason, it is necessary to know the potentially dangerous regions and areas in which this phenomenon may occur or to plot the sites by susceptibility to rock collapses. This will give an idea of location of hazardous areas with preconditions for collapses, and on this basis the necessary preventive measures can be identified. The main types of rock collapses and slope conditions - engineering geological, geomorphological, tectonic, are discussed. The methodological approach is given for the mapping of the terrains by susceptibility to rock collapses. Issues related to the scale of the maps compiled are clarified.
The effect of digital marketing capabilities on organizational ambidexterity of the information technology sector
Authors: Tariq Emad , Alshurideh Muhammad , Akour Iman , Al-Hawary Sulieman
Published: January 2022

The aim of the study was to examine the impact of digital marketing capabilities on organizational ambidexterity by focusing on the Information Technology Sector in UAE. Data were primarily gathered through self-reported questionnaires created by Google Forms which were distributed to a purposive sample of managers at different levels via email. This study was conducted structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypotheses, which represents a contemporary statistical technique for testing and estimating the relationship between factors and variables. The results showed that the highest impact on organizational ambidexterity was for strategic approach and data content infrastructure, followed by integrating customers with employees, and finally the lowest impact belonged to the process of improving performance. Based on the study findings, the researcher hopes that the decision-makers and managers define all tasks, roles and work procedures in companies through digital marketing systems to improve their organizational ambidexterity and enhance their performance.