bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning and practicing more value-reflective, problem-setting health technology assessment: experiences and lessons from the VALIDATE project
Authors: Grin John , Bloemen Bart , Gutierrez-Ibarluzea Iñaki , Hofmann Bjørn , Oortwijn Wija , Refolo Pietro , Sacchini Dario , Sampietro-Colom Laura , Sandman Lars , van der Wilt Gert Jan
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To conduct a formative evaluation of applying the VALIDATE approach in practice by (i) assessing how students appreciated the e-learning course, (ii) exploring how, for what purposes and with what outcomes the acquired VALIDATE competences subsequently were used in internships in different institutional contexts, and how this was shaped by these contexts, and (iii) what this shows on real-world use of VALIDATE.

Methods

Comparative discussion of experiences of applying the VALIDATE approach via a semistructured survey and oral feedback from e-course students; final reports on internships in health technology assessment (HTA) practice, followed by semistructured interviews with interns and supervisors to complement and interpret results.

Results

All students considered the VALIDATE approach an enlightening and important addition to current HTA knowledge, especially regarding understanding the relation between empirical analysis and normative inquiry, identifying policy relevant questions and using the method of reconstructing interpretive frames for scoping. The latter appeared intellectually challenging and requiring some prior HTA knowledge. The use the VALIDATE approach in practice shows that interns productively redefined the HTA problem, based on appreciation of different stakeholders’ definition of the issue; they experienced constraints from retrieving all relevant perspectives from existing literature as well as from institutional rules and routines.

Conclusions

Some challenges in applying the VALIDATE approach deserve attention for its future use: currently used research approaches often assume a problem as “given”; and the data needed on different perspectives is often not reported in scientific literature. Finally, data gathering on and evaluation of value dimensions was experienced as challenging.
A ten-year assessment of the epidemiological features and fatal risk factors of hospitalised severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Eastern China
Authors: Zu Zhipeng , Hu Yafei , Zheng Xiang , Chen Cairong , Zhao Yishuang , Jin Yan , Lin Haijiang , He Na
Published: June 2022

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus has caused a large number of human infections since discovered in 2009. This study elucidated epidemiological features and fatal risk factors of SFTS cases accumulated up to ten years in Taizhou, a coastal prefecture of Zhejiang Province in Eastern China. A total of 188 hospitalised SFTS cases (including 40 deaths) reported to Taizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) during 2011–2020 were enrolled in the study. In the past decade, the annual incidence of SFTS increased over the years (P < 0.001) along with an expanding epidemic area, and the case fatality of hospitalised cases has remained high (21.3%). Although most cases occurred in hilly areas, a coastal island had the highest incidence and case fatality. The majority of cases were over the age of 60 years (72.3%), and both incidence and case fatality of SFTS increased with age. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR 7.47, 95% CI 1.32–42.33; P = 0.023), and haemorrhagic manifestations including petechiae (OR 7.76, 95% CI 1.17–51.50; P = 0.034), gingival haemorrhage (OR 5.38, 95% CI 1.25–23.15; P = 0.024) and melena (OR 5.75, 95% CI 1.18–28.07; P = 0.031) were significantly associated with the death of SFTS cases. Five family clusters identified were farmers, among four of which the index patients were female with a history of hypertension. Based on the study, age is a critical risk factor for incidence and case fatality of SFTS. With an increased annual incidence over the last ten years, SFTS remains a public health threat that should not be ignored. Further study is needed to look at the natural foci in the coastal islands.
Branching-time logics and fairness, revisited
Authors: Latte Markus
Published: June 2022

Emerson and Halpern (1986,Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery33, 151–178) prove that the Computation Tree Logic (CTL) cannot express the existence of a path on which a proposition holds infinitely often (fairness for short).

The scope is widened fromCTLto a general branching-time logic. A path quantifier is followed by a language with temporal descriptions. In this extended setting, the said inexpressiveness is strengthened in two aspects. First, universal path quantifiers are unrestricted. In this way, they are relieved of any temporal quantifiers such as of those in$\mathtt{AU}$and$\mathtt{AR}$fromCTL. Second, existential path quantifiers are allowed with any countable language. Instances are the temporal quantifiers in$\mathtt{EU}$and$\mathtt{ER}$fromCTL. By contrast, the fairness statement is an existential path quantifier with an uncountable language. Both aspects indicate that this inexpressiveness is optimal with respect to the polarity of path quantifiers and to the cardinality of their languages.
Echocardiographic changes and impact on clinical management in pregnant women with heart disease
Authors: Patel Karishma , McGrath Lidija , Roldan Paola , Taunton Marshall , Brookfield Kathleen , Paré Emmanuelle , Khan Abigail
Published: June 2022

Background:

While guidelines recommend echocardiography for pregnant women with heart disease, there are limited data on its effect on clinical practice. In this study, we investigated pregnancy-associated echocardiographic changes and their impact on management.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study of pregnant women with heart disease followed at an academic medical centre from 2016 to 2020. Data on maternal intrapartum and postpartum echocardiograms were collected and the impact on management analysed.

Results:

421 echocardiograms in 232 pregnancies were included in the study. The most common cardiac diagnosis was CHD (60.8% of pregnancies), followed by cardiomyopathy (9.9%). The frequency of baseline echocardiographic abnormalities varied by diagnosis, with abnormal right ventricular systolic pressure being the most common (15.0% of pregnancies in CHD and 23.1% of pregnancies with cardiomyopathy). 39.2% of the 189 follow-up echocardiograms had a significant change from the prior study, with the most common changes being declines in right ventricular function (4.2%) or left ventricular function (3.7%), and increases in right ventricular systolic pressure (5.3%) and aortic size (21.2%). 17.8% of echocardiograms resulted in a clinical management change, with the most common change being shorter interval follow-up.

Conclusions:

Echocardiographic changes in pregnant women with heart disease are common, in particular increases in aortic size. Echocardiography results in changes in management in a small but significant proportion of patients. Further studies are needed to determine how other factors, including patient access and resource allocation, factor into the use of echocardiography during pregnancy.
Transformative climate policy mainstreaming – engaging the political and the personal
Authors: Wamsler Christine , Osberg Gustav
Published: June 2022

Non-technical summary

Mainstreaming climate objectives into sectoral work and policies is widely advocated as the way forward for sustainable public–private action. However, current knowledge on effective climate mainstreaming has rarely translated into policy outcomes and radical, transformational change. This ‘implementation gap’ relates to the limitations of current approaches, which do not adequately address so-called ‘internal’ or ‘personal’ spheres of transformation. Here, we address this gap and provide an integrative climate mainstreaming framework for improving and guiding future sustainability research, education, policy and practice.

Technical summary

Current knowledge on what makes climate mainstreaming effective has, so far, seldom translated into policy outcomes and radical, transformational change. This ‘implementation gap’ is related to the limitations of current approaches. The latter tend to focus on isolated, highly tangible, but essentially weak leverage points that do not adequately link practical and political solutions with ‘internal’ or ‘personal’ spheres of transformation. This link involves an internal (mindset/consciousness) shift leading to long-lasting changes in the way that we experience and relate to our self, others, the world and future generations. It requires unleashing people's internal potential and capacity to care, commit to, and effect change for a more sustainable life across individual, collective, organisational and system levels. To address this gap, we analyse how such internal dimensions can be integrated into climate mainstreaming, to move beyond its current, partial focus on external and technological solutions. Through a robust investigation of how to scale up climate mainstreaming in a more transformative manner, we explore how mainstreaming and conscious full-spectrum theories can be related to fundamentally advance the field and improve current approaches. The resulting integrative framework breaks new ground by linking the mainstreaming of climate considerations and internal dimensions across all spheres of transformation. We conclude with some policy recommendations and future research needs.

Social media summary

Linking climate policy integration/mainstreaming and personal development: an integrative framework.
Benthic Organic Matter Transformation Drives pH and Carbonate Chemistry in Arctic Marine Sediments
Authors: Freitas F. S. , Arndt S. , Hendry K. R. , Faust J. C. , Tessin A. C. , März C.
Published: June 2022

Carbonate chemistry of the Arctic Ocean seafloor and its vulnerability to ocean acidification remains poorly explored. This limits our ability to quantify how biogeochemical processes and bottom water conditions shape sedimentary carbonate chemistry, and to predict how climate change may affect such biogeochemical processes at the Arctic Ocean seafloor. Here, we employ an integrated data‐model assessment that explicitly resolves benthic pH and carbonate chemistry along a South—North transect in the Barents Sea. We identify the main drivers of observed carbonate dynamics and estimate benthic fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity to the Arctic Ocean. We explore how bottom water conditions and in‐situ organic matter degradation shape these processes and show that organic matter transformation strongly impacts pH and carbonate saturation (Ω) variations. Aerobic organic matter degradation drives a negative pH shift (pH < 7.6) in the upper 2–5 cm, producing Ω < 1. This causes shallow carbonate dissolution, buffering porewater pH to around 8.0. Organic matter degradation via metal oxide (Mn/Fe) reduction pathways further increases pH and carbonate saturation state. At the northern stations, where Ω > 5 at around 10–25 cm, model simulations result in authigenic carbonate precipitation. Furthermore, benthic fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon (12.5–59.5 μmol cm−2 yr−1) and alkalinity (11.3–63.2 μmol cm−2 yr−1) are 2–3‐fold greater in the northern sites due to greater carbonate dissolution. Our assessment is of significant relevance to predict how changes in the Arctic Ocean may shift carbon burial and pH buffering into the next century.
Hydraulic Jump on a Partially Vegetated Bed
Authors: Bai Ruidi , Ning Rongfu , Liu Shanjun , Wang Hang
Published: June 2022

Hydraulic jump may form when a supercritical flow runs over a vegetated bottom and change the downstream flow hydraulics and fluid properties after air‐water mixing and energy dissipation at the flow transition. Unlike the abundant literature on hydraulic jump characteristics on engineered or natural sediment rough beds, few studies of vegetation roughness effects have been reported. New experiments were conducted by creating hydraulic jumps with identical inflow Froude numbers on a smooth bed, fully and partly grated rough beds, and partially vegetated grate‐rough beds covered with artificial plants of different densities. The free‐surface dynamics and air‐water flow properties were investigated with primary focus on the interaction between the flow and flexible vegetation barrier/roughness, in addition to the effects of Froude number and inflow roughness conditions. The characteristic jump and jump roller lengths were found shortened as the jump roller was deflected over the vegetation layer. The flow structure modification was observed with a steepening of the roller free‐surface profile and enhanced surface wave propagation, especially when the flow experienced an invert roughness discontinuity at the toe. An increasing bubble detection frequency was obtained in nonvegetated channels when the bed was roughened, but additional vegetation on the rough invert caused reduction in the bubble frequency and cross‐sectional mean air concentration by inducing roller deflection and air bubble detrainment. The results indicated that the effects of perturbing artificial flexible vegetation with relatively large plant height could be different from uniformly distributed rigid bed roughness elements and complicated by the time‐varying flow‐vegetation interaction.
ANKFN1 plays both protumorigenic and metastatic roles in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Zhang Yue , Mi Jiaqi , Jiang Chenchen , Wang Qiang , Li Xinwei , Zhao Menglin , Geng Zhijun , Song Xue , Li Jing , Zuo Lugen , Ge Sitang , Zhang Zining , Wen Hexin , Wang Zishu , Su Fang
Published: June 2022

Ankyrin repeat and fibronectin type III domain containing 1 (ANKFN1) is reported to be involved in human height and developmental abnormalities, but the expression profile and molecular function of ANKFN1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance and biological function of ANKFN1 in HCC and investigate whether ANKFN1 can be used for differential diagnosis in HCC. Here, we showed that ANKFN1 was upregulated in 126 tumor tissues compared with adjacent nontumorous tissues in HCC patients. The upregulation of ANKFN1 in HCC was associated with cirrhosis, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and poor prognosis. Moreover, silencing ANKFN1 expression suppressed HCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis in vitro and subcutaneous tumorigenesis in vivo. However, ANKFN1 overexpression promoted HCC proliferation and metastasis in an orthotopic liver transplantation model and attenuated the above biological effects in HCC cells. ANKFN1 significantly affected HCC cell proliferation by inducing G1/S transition and cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that ANKFN1 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via activation of the cyclin D1/Cdk4/Cdk6 pathway by stimulating the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway. Moreover, ANKFN1-induced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were partially reversed by ERK1/2 inhibitors. Taken together, our results indicate that ANKFN1 promotes HCC cell proliferation and metastasis by activating the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Our work also suggests that ANKFN1 is a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
Anisotropy with respect to the applied magnetic field of spin qubit decoherence times
Authors: Choi Yujun , Joynt Robert
Published: June 2022

Electron spin qubits are a promising platform for quantum computation. Environmental noise impedes coherent operations by limiting the qubit relaxation (T1) and dephasing (Tϕ) times. There are multiple sources of such noise, which makes it important to devise experimental techniques that can detect the spatial locations of these sources and determine the type of source. In this paper, we propose that anisotropy in T1 and Tϕ with respect to the direction of the applied magnetic field can reveal much about these aspects of the noise. We investigate the anisotropy patterns of charge noise, evanescent-wave Johnson noise, and hyperfine noise in hypothetical devices. It is necessary to have a rather well-characterized sample to get the maximum benefit from this technique. The general anisotropy patterns are elucidated. We calculate the expected anisotropy for a particular model of a Si/SiGe quantum dot device.
Quantum causal unravelling
Authors: Bai Ge , Wu Ya-Dong , Zhu Yan , Hayashi Masahito , Chiribella Giulio
Published: June 2022

Complex processes often arise from sequences of simpler interactions involving a few particles at a time. These interactions, however, may not be directly accessible to experiments. Here we develop the first efficient method for unravelling the causal structure of the interactions in a multipartite quantum process, under the assumption that the process has bounded information loss and induces causal dependencies whose strength is above a fixed (but otherwise arbitrary) threshold. Our method is based on a quantum algorithm whose complexity scales polynomially in the total number of input/output systems, in the dimension of the systems involved in each interaction, and in the inverse of the chosen threshold for the strength of the causal dependencies. Under additional assumptions, we also provide a second algorithm that has lower complexity and requires only local state preparation and local measurements. Our algorithms can be used to identify processes that can be characterized efficiently with the technique of quantum process tomography. Similarly, they can be used to identify useful communication channels in quantum networks, and to test the internal structure of uncharacterized quantum circuits.
A framework to understand the role of biological time in responses to fluctuating climate drivers
Authors: Giménez Luis , Espinosa Noé , Torres Gabriela
Published: June 2022

Understanding biological responses to environmental fluctuations (e.g. heatwaves) is a critical goal in ecology. Biological responses (e.g. survival) are usually measured with respect to different time reference frames, i.e. at specific chronological times (e.g. at specific dates) or biological times (e.g. at reproduction). Measuring responses on the biological frame is central to understand how environmental fluctuation modifies fitness and population persistence. We use a framework, based on partial differential equations (PDEs) to explore how responses to the time scale and magnitude of fluctuations in environmental variables (= drivers) depend on the choice of reference frame. The PDEs and simulations enabled us to identify different components, responsible for the phenological and eco-physiological effects of each driver on the response. The PDEs also highlight the conditions when the choice of reference frame affects the sensitivity of the response to a driver and the type of join effect of two drivers (additive or interactive) on the response. Experiments highlighted the importance of studying how environmental fluctuations affect biological time keeping mechanisms, to develop mechanistic models. Our main result, that the effect of the environmental fluctuations on the response depends on the scale used to measure time, applies to both field and laboratory conditions. In addition, our approach, applied to experimental conditions, can helps us quantify how biological time mediates the response of organisms to environmental fluctuations.
Computational analysis of solar thermal system with Prandtl nanofluid
Authors: Khan Muhammad Imran , Khan Muhammad Ijaz , Al-Ghamdi Sami G.
Published: June 2022

The solar thermal system can address a large amount of heating and cooling load required by buildings and industry. To enhance the absorption efficiency in solar thermal systems, nanofluids are considered as promising heat transfer medium. The study presents a numerical study to investigate physical feature of the entropy production in hydro-magnetic reactive unsteady flow of Prandtl nanoliquid over an infinite plate. The heat expression is modeled subject to thermal radiation and magnetic field. Innovative characteristics slip mechanisms i.e., thermophoresis diffusion and Brownian motion are also accounted. Mathematical modeling of entropy production is described by employing thermodynamics law (second law). Furthermore chemical reactions takes place at surface of plate are implemented. Nonlinear system are converted to dimensionless form via suitable transformation. The resultant system is solved by numerical approach (finite difference method). Characteristics of thermal field, entropy rate, fluid flow and concentration are physical discussed through sundry parameters. The outcomes display that the maximum velocity field exists near the center of the surface, whereas the average time flow enhances the velocity distribution. An augmentation in thermal field is distinguished versus magnetic parameter, while reverse behavior holds for fluid flow. An increase in the thermal field with respect to the magnetic variable is noted, while the opposite effect is observed for the fluid flow. A larger approximation of radiation rises entropy rate and thermal field. Increasing the Brownian motion variable increases concentration, while reverse impact is observed for Schmidt number.
Both cis and trans-acting genetic factors drive somatic instability in female carriers of the FMR1 premutation
Authors: Hwang Ye Hyun , Hayward Bruce Eliot , Zafarullah Marwa , Kumar Jay , Durbin Johnson Blythe , Holmans Peter , Usdin Karen , Tassone Flora
Published: June 2022

The fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) gene contains an expansion-prone CGG repeat within its 5′ UTR. Alleles with 55–200 repeats are known as premutation (PM) alleles and confer risk for one or more of the FMR1 premutation (PM) disorders that include Fragile X-associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS), Fragile X-associated Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (FXPOI), and Fragile X-Associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders (FXAND). PM alleles expand on intergenerational transmission, with the children of PM mothers being at risk of inheriting alleles with > 200 CGG repeats (full mutation FM) alleles) and thus developing Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). PM alleles can be somatically unstable. This can lead to individuals being mosaic for multiple size alleles. Here, we describe a detailed evaluation of somatic mosaicism in a large cohort of female PM carriers and show that 94% display some evidence of somatic instability with the presence of a series of expanded alleles that differ from the next allele by a single repeat unit. Using two different metrics for instability that we have developed, we show that, as with intergenerational instability, there is a direct relationship between the extent of somatic expansion and the number of CGG repeats in the originally inherited allele and an inverse relationship with the number of AGG interruptions. Expansions are progressive as evidenced by a positive correlation with age and by examination of blood samples from the same individual taken at different time points. Our data also suggests the existence of other genetic or environmental factors that affect the extent of somatic expansion. Importantly, the analysis of candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) suggests that two DNA repair factors, FAN1 and MSH3, may be modifiers of somatic expansion risk in the PM population as observed in other repeat expansion disorders.
Visualization of non-Newtonian convective fluid flow with internal heat transfer across a rotating stretchable surface impact of chemical reaction
Authors: Zeeshan  , Khan Ilyas , Feroz Nosheen , Al-Duais Fuad S. , Mahmoud Omar
Published: June 2022

The present investigation focuses on the characteristics of heat and mass transfer in the context of their applications. There has been a lot of interest in the use of non-Newtonian fluids in engineering and biological disciplines. Having such considerable attention to non-Newtonian fluids, the goal is to explore the flow of Jeffrey non-Newtonian convective fluid driven by a non-linear stretching surface considering the effect of nonlinear chemical reaction effect. The relevant set of difference equations was changed to ordinary equations by using a transformation matrix. To create numerical solutions for velocity and concentration fields, the Runge–Kutta fourth-order method along with the shooting approach is utilized. The innovative fragment of the present study is to scrutinize the magnetized viscous non-Newtonian fluid over extending sheet with internal heat transfer regarding the inspiration of nonlinear chemical reaction effect, which still not has been elaborated on in the available works to date. Consequently, in the restrictive sense, the existing work is associated with available work and originated in exceptional agreement. Graphs depict the effects of various variables on motion and concentration fields, like the Hartman number, Schmidt number, and chemical reaction parameter. The performance of chemical reaction factor, Schmidt number, Hartmann number, and Deborah numbers on velocities component, temperature, and concentration profiles are discussed through graphs. The effect of emerging parameters in the mass transfer is also investigated numerically and 3D configuration is also provided. It is observed that the Deborah numbers and Hartmann numbers have the same effect on velocity components. Also, the thickness of the boundary layer reduces as the Hartmann number increases. As the Schmit number grows, the concentration field decline. For destructive and generative chemical reactions, the concentration fields observed opposite effects. It is also noticed that the surface mas transfer reduces as the Hartmann number rises. The statistical findings of the heat-transfer rate are also documented and scrutinized.
Increasing trend of radiographic features of knee osteoarthritis in rheumatoid arthritis patients before total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Takeda Ryutaro , Matsumoto Takumi , Maenohara Yuji , Omata Yasunori , Inui Hiroshi , Nagase Yuichi , Nishikawa Takuji , Tanaka Sakae
Published: June 2022

To investigate the trend and factors related to the occurrence of osteoarthritis (OA)-like features on knee radiographs of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the recent decades. To classify antero-posterior knee radiographs into ‘RA’ and ‘OA-like RA’ groups, a deep learning model was developed by training the network using knee radiographs of end-stage arthropathy in RA patients obtained during 2002–2005 and in primary OA patients obtained during 2007–2009. We used this model to categorize 796 knee radiographs, which were recorded in RA patients before TKA during 2006–2020, into ‘OA-like RA’ and ‘RA’ groups. The annual ratio of ‘OA-like RA’ was investigated. Moreover, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with the classification as OA-like RA using clinical data from 240 patients. The percentage of ‘OA-like RA’ had significant increasing trend from 20.9% in 2006 to 67.7% in 2020. Higher body mass index, use of biologics, and lower level of C-reactive protein were identified as independent factors for ‘OA-like RA’. An increasing trend of knee radiographs with OA-like features was observed in RA patients in the recent decades, which might be attributed to recent advances in pharmacotherapy.
Vitamin D and calcium, together and separately, play roles in female reproductive performance
Authors: Safari Hengameh , Hajian Mehdi , Nasr-Esfahani Mohammad Hossein , Forouzanfar Mohsen , Drevet Joël R.
Published: June 2022

Vitamin D (VD) deficiency reduces the chances of successful fertilization; however, it remains to be validated whether this effect is dependent or not on calcium. To address this question, we generated several situation using a mouse model in which VD content was either increased or decreased in a normo or hypocalcemia context. After the measurement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D2, calcium and phosphorus levels, an analysis was carried out in terms of oocytes maturation as well as reproductive performance. VD overdose, despite the fact that it resulted in an increased number of mature oocytes, reduced developmental competence and offspring survival. VD deficiency (VDD), on the contrary, reduced the number and percentage of mature oocytes, blastocyst rate, as well as fertility rate and offspring survival. Hypo-calcemia when VD levels were normal, had a similar effect than VDD. The effects of VDD were reversed by a diet that corrected calcium level. Therefore, both VD overdose (in a context of normal calcium level) VD deficiency as well as hypo-calcemia have an effect on female reproductive function. In conclusion, although closely related, VD and calcium act in part independently of each other in defining the “optimum” for female reproductive performance.
Identification of epithelial and mesenchymal circulating tumor cells in clonal lineage of an aggressive prostate cancer case
Authors: Chai Shoujie , Ruiz-Velasco Carmen , Naghdloo Amin , Pore Milind , Singh Mohan , Matsumoto Nicholas , Kolatkar Anand , Xu Liya , Shishido Stephanie , Aparicio Ana , Zurita Amado J. , Hicks James , Kuhn Peter
Published: June 2022

Little is known about the complexity and plasticity of circulating tumor cell (CTC) biology in different compartments of the fluid microenvironment during tumor metastasis. Here we integrated phenomics, genomics, and targeted proteomics to characterize CTC phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity in paired peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow aspirate (BMA) from a metastatic prostate cancer patient following the rapid disease progression, using the High-Definition Single Cell Assay 3.0 (HDSCA3.0). Uniquely, we identified a subgroup of genetically clonal CTCs that acquired a mesenchymal-like state and its presence was significantly associated with one subclone that emerged along the clonal lineage. Higher CTC abundance and phenotypic diversity were observed in the BMA than PB and differences in genomic alterations were also identified between the two compartments demonstrating spatial heterogeneity. Single cell copy number profiling further detected clonal heterogeneity within clusters of CTCs (also known as microemboli or aggregates) as well as phenotypic variations by targeted proteomics. Overall, these results identify epithelial and mesenchymal CTCs in the clonal lineage of an aggressive prostate cancer case and also demonstrate a single cell multi-omic approach to deconvolute the heterogeneity and association of CTC phenotype and genotype in multi-medium liquid biopsies of metastatic prostate cancer.
Dissecting the role of protein phosphorylation: a chemical biology toolbox
Authors: Bilbrough Tim , Piemontese Emanuele , Seitz Oliver
Published: June 2022

Phosphorylation is a key regulator of protein and cellular function. In this review, we describe tools that enable access to homogeneously phosphorylated protein and discuss examples that demonstrate how they can be applied in functional studies.
Lanmodulin remains unfolded and fails to interact with lanthanide ions in Escherichia coli cells
Authors: Wu Qiong , Liu Xiaoli , Chai Zhaofei , Cheng Kai , Xu Guohua , Jiang Ling , Liu Maili , Li Conggang
Published: June 2022

We have directly observed that lanmodulin remains unfolded in the presence of lanthanide ions in E.coli cells using the 19F NMR technique.
Transition-metal-free regioselective hydroamination of styrenes with amino-heteroarenes
Authors: Meena Priyanka , Ayushee  , Patel Monika , Verma Akhilesh K.
Published: June 2022

The base-mediated anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of functionally varied styrenes with amino-substituted pyridine, quinoline, pyrimidine, pyrazine, and phenanthridine with excellent regioselectivity has been described.
A new {Cu3–Gd2} cluster as a two-in-one functional material with unique topology acting as a refrigerant and adsorbent for cationic dye
Authors: Qasem Khalil M. A. , Khan Shabnam , Fitta Magdalena , Akhtar Muhammad Nadeem , AlDamen Murad A. , Shahid M. , Saleh Hatem A. M. , Ahmad Musheer
Published: June 2022

A new Cu–Gd system as a dual functional material (as a magnetic refrigerant as well as a cationic dye adsorbent) is designed and explored.
Probing the distribution of ionic liquid mixtures at charged and neutral interfaces via simulations and lattice-gas theory
Authors: Kobayashi Takeshi , Smiatek Jens , Fyta Maria
Published: June 2022

Molecular dynamics simulations combined with the lattice-gas theory reveal the entropy-driven distribution of molecules and suggest a way to prevent unwanted electrolysis at solid/liquid interfaces in ionic liquid mixtures.
Molecular investigation of the dual inhibition mechanism for targeted P53 regulator MDM2/MDMX inhibitors
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyu , Xiong Danyang , Luo Song , Duan Lili
Published: June 2022

Residues I61/60, M62/61, Y67/66, V93/92, and L54/M53 provide a vital condition for dual inhibition of MDM2/MDMX by inhibitors. Stronger attraction of H96/I99 in MDM2 to inhibitors leads to the ineffectiveness of targeted MDM2 inhibitors against MDMX.
GaIIItriarylcorroles with push–pull substitutions: synthesis, electronic structure and biomedical applications
Authors: Niu Yingjie , Wang Lin , Guo Yingxin , Zhu Weihua , Soy Rodah C. , Babu Balaji , Mack John , Nyokong Tebello , Xu Haijun , Liang Xu
Published: June 2022

Two GaIIItriarylcorroles with carbazole substitutions at 10-positions were synthesized, characterized, and their biomedical propeties were also investigated.
Interfacial engineered RDX/TATB energetic co-particles for enhanced safety performance and thermal stability
Authors: Qu Yanzhou , Qian Wen , Zhang Jianhu , Gong Feiyan , Xie Zhengfeng , Yang Zhijian , Nie Fude , Zhao Xu
Published: June 2022

Interfacial engineered energetic co-particles exhibited ultralow mechanical sensitivity and enhanced thermal stability, providing an effective strategy to improve the thermal and mechanical safety performance of an explosive.
On-demand, in situ, generation of ammonium caroate (peroxymonosulfate) for the dihydroxylation of alkenes to vicinal diols
Authors: Deadman Benjamin J. , Gian Sarah , Lee Violet Eng Yee , Adrio Luis A. , Hellgardt Klaus , Hii King Kuok (Mimi)
Published: June 2022

A sustainable alkene dihydroxylation process was developed, including the on-demand generation of SO52− and a capture-release workup.
High-speed mapping of Hg and Se in biological tissue via laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry
Authors: Van Helden Tom , Braeuer Simone , Van Acker Thibaut , Leroux Olivier , Van Der Straeten Dominique , Vanhaecke Frank
Published: June 2022

With an optimum setup (including type of ablation cell, mixing bulb and transfer line) and adequate selection of the settings, LA-ICP-MS mapping of Hg and Se can be accomplished at a pixel acquisition rate of 20 Hz, despite their aberrant behavior beam.
Microscope-based light gradient generation for quantitative growth studies of photosynthetic micro-organisms
Authors: Liu Fangchen , Gaul Larissa , Shu Fang , Vitenson Daniel , Wu Mingming
Published: June 2022

This simple, reproducible platform for simultaneous light gradient generation and cell imaging revealed light intensity's regulation of algal growth and can be adapted to a wide variety of studies, including environmental and energy applications.
Efficient photoswitchable organometallic complexes with azobenzene and stilbene units: the case of Au(i)
Authors: Petrovskii Stanislav , Senchukova Anna , Sizov Vladimir , Paderina Aleksandra , Luginin Maksim , Abramova Evgenia , Grachova Elena
Published: June 2022

Mononuclear Au(i) complexes with ligands containing azobenzene or stilbene demonstrate efficient trans → cis photoisomerization and luminescent response of the “on–off” process.
Label-free detection and size estimation of combustion-derived carbonaceous particles in a microfluidic approach
Authors: Aslam Imran , Fron Eduard , Roeffaers Maarten B. J.
Published: June 2022

Combustion-derived carbonaceous particles constitute a major fraction of particulate matter air pollution. We estimated the sizes of the toxic CDCPs in aqueous suspensions based on scattered light by using reference polystyrene nanoparticles and Mie theory.
Correction: Engineering the morphology of palladium nanostructures to tune their electrocatalytic activity in formic acid oxidation reactions
Authors: Pramanick Bulti , Kumar Trivender , Halder Aditi , Siril Prem Felix
Published: June 2022

Correction for ‘Engineering the morphology of palladium nanostructures to tune their electrocatalytic activity in formic acid oxidation reactions’ by Bulti Pramanick et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2020, 2, 5810–5820, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NA00798F.
Synthesis of new chiral N-heterocyclic diselenides and their application in the alkoxyselenylation reaction
Authors: Kamińska Karolina , Wojaczyńska Elżbieta
Published: June 2022

Novel chiral diselenides based on a cyclic or bicyclic backbone were applied in the highly diastereoselective methoxyselenylation of styrene.
Facile preparation of BiOI/T-ZnOw p–n heterojunction photocatalysts with enhanced removal efficiency for rhodamine B and oxytetracycline
Authors: Tang Jianke , Xue Yanfeng , Ma Chunlei , Zhang Shengjian , Li Qiaoling
Published: June 2022

A BiOI/T-ZnOw p–n heterojunction photocatalyst exhibits excellent degradation activities for rhodamine B and oxytetracycline under visible light irradiation.
MIL-101 supported CeOx-modified NiPt nanoparticles as a highly efficient catalyst toward complete dehydrogenation of hydrazine borane
Authors: Bai Yaxuan , Liu Yubo , Shang Henan , Li Sijia , Liang Jinsheng
Published: June 2022

Low-cost Ni0.9Pt0.1–CeOx/MIL-101 achieved outstanding catalytic activity with a TOF value of 2951.1 h−1 at 323 K for hydrazine borane dehydrogenation.
Biosynthesis of cyclitols
Authors: Kudo Fumitaka , Eguchi Tadashi
Published: June 2022

Carbocycle formation in the biosynthesis of the majority of cyclitols derived from carbohydrate origin are catalyzed by myo-inositol phosphate synthase (MIPS) family, dehydroquinate synthase (DHQS) family, radical SAM enzymes, and ribosyltransferase-isomerase type enzymes.
Functional mother liquor reversed titanium species for the green synthesis of anatase-free hollow TS-1 with tunable titanium micro-environment via a kinetic-thermodynamic co-regulatory pathway
Authors: Zhai Yi , Wang Fumin , Zhang Xubin , Lv Guojun , Zhu Zhiguo , Wang Kaiwei , Xu Zhibo , Jiang Linfang
Published: June 2022

Functionalized-mother-liquor aided to reverse titanium species and construct anatase-free hollow TS-1 with tunable titanium micro-environment via kinetics-thermodynamics pathway.
Cryo-EM structures of the Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cytochrome b6f complex with and without the regulatory PetP subunit
Authors: Proctor Matthew S. , Malone Lorna A. , Farmer David A. , Swainsbury David J.K. , Hawkings Frederick R. , Pastorelli Federica , Emrich-Mills Thomas Z. , Siebert C. Alistair , Hunter C. Neil , Johnson Matthew P. , Hitchcock Andrew
Published: June 2022

In oxygenic photosynthesis, the cytochrome b6f (cytb6f) complex links the linear electron transfer (LET) reactions occurring at photosystems I and II and generates a transmembrane proton gradient via the Q-cycle. In addition to this central role in LET, cytb6f also participates in a range of processes including cyclic electron transfer (CET), state transitions and photosynthetic control. Many of the regulatory roles of cytb6f are facilitated by auxiliary proteins that differ depending upon the species, yet because of their weak and transient nature the structural details of these interactions remain unknown. An apparent key player in the regulatory balance between LET and CET in cyanobacteria is PetP, a ∼10 kDa protein that is also found in red algae but not in green algae and plants. Here, we used cryogenic electron microscopy to determine the structure of the Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cytb6f complex in the presence and absence of PetP. Our structures show that PetP interacts with the cytoplasmic side of cytb6f, displacing the C-terminus of the PetG subunit and shielding the C-terminus of cytochrome b6, which binds the heme cn cofactor that is suggested to mediate CET. The structures also highlight key differences in the mode of plastoquinone binding between cyanobacterial and plant cytb6f complexes, which we suggest may reflect the unique combination of photosynthetic and respiratory electron transfer in cyanobacterial thylakoid membranes. The structure of cytb6f from a model cyanobacterial species amenable to genetic engineering will enhance future site-directed mutagenesis studies of structure-function relationships in this crucial ET complex.
The RAGE/multiligand axis: a new actor in tumor biology
Authors: Rojas Armando , Schneider Ivan , Lindner Cristian , Gonzalez Ileana , Morales Miguel A.
Published: June 2022

The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a multiligand binding and single-pass transmembrane protein which actively participates in several chronic inflammation-related diseases. RAGE, in addition to AGEs, has a wide repertoire of ligands, including several damage-associated molecular pattern molecules or alarmins such as HMGB1 and members of the S100 family proteins.

Over the last years, a large and compelling body of evidence has revealed the active participation of the RAGE axis in tumor biology based on its active involvement in several crucial mechanisms involved in tumor growth, immune evasion, dissemination, as well as by sculpturing of the tumor microenvironment as a tumor-supportive niche. In the present review, we will detail the consequences of the RAGE axis activation to fuel essential mechanisms to guarantee tumor growth and spreading.
Transcriptional regulation of plant innate immunity
Authors: Aerts Niels , Chhillar Himanshu , Ding Pingtao , Van Wees Saskia C.M.
Published: June 2022

Transcriptional reprogramming is an integral part of plant immunity. Tight regulation of the immune transcriptome is essential for a proper response of plants to different types of pathogens. Consequently, transcriptional regulators are proven targets of pathogens to enhance their virulence. The plant immune transcriptome is regulated by many different, interconnected mechanisms that can determine the rate at which genes are transcribed. These include intracellular calcium signaling, modulation of the redox state, post-translational modifications of transcriptional regulators, histone modifications, DNA methylation, modulation of RNA polymerases, alternative transcription inititation, the Mediator complex and regulation by non-coding RNAs. In addition, on their journey from transcription to translation, mRNAs are further modulated through mechanisms such as nuclear RNA retention, storage of mRNA in stress granules and P-bodies, and post-transcriptional gene silencing. In this review, we highlight the latest insights into these mechanisms. Furthermore, we discuss some emerging technologies that promise to greatly enhance our understanding of the regulation of the plant immune transcriptome in the future.
Automatic depression recognition by intelligent speech signal processing: A systematic survey
Authors: Wu Pingping , Wang Ruihao , Lin Han , Zhang Fanlong , Tu Juan , Sun Miao
Published: June 2022

Depression has become one of the most common mental illnesses in the world. For better prediction and diagnosis, methods of automatic depression recognition based on speech signal are constantly proposed and updated, with a transition from the early traditional methods based on hand‐crafted features to the application of architectures of deep learning. This paper systematically and precisely outlines the most prominent and up‐to‐date research of automatic depression recognition by intelligent speech signal processing so far. Furthermore, methods for acoustic feature extraction, algorithms for classification and regression, as well as end to end deep models are investigated and analysed. Finally, general trends are summarised and key unresolved issues are identified to be considered in future studies of automatic speech depression recognition.
A vector field approach for identifying anomalous human mobility
Authors: Yang Hu , Li Minglun , Guo Bao , Zhang Fan , Wang Pu
Published: June 2022

Although ordinary human mobility has been extensively studied, anomalous human mobility during emergencies or mass events is not sufficiently understood. The recently proposed vector field approach has shed light on human mobility studies. Here, the authors improve it to analyze anomalous human mobility in mass events. Specifically, the authors develop the anomalous field, the source field, and the dispersion field to identify the crowd gathering location, the start time, and the end time of anomalous human mobility. In addition, the authors propose the decay coefficient and the maximum distance to quantify the influence degree and scope of a mass event. The present approach can be used to capture the spatiotemporal characteristics of human mobility in mass events.
Rental strategy for energy storage to participate in frequency regulation market
Authors: Wang Xiaorong , Yu Yundong , Yan Xiaohe , Liu Nian
Published: June 2022

Energy storage (ES) can help the renewable energy sources to smooth their output and enhance their profits, which promotes the installation of ES. However, it is inappropriate for small‐scale renewable energy communities (REC) to invest costly ES, which requests a new business model to explore the possibility to rent ES for more returns. This paper proposes an ES rental strategy for REC to participate in the frequency regulation market (FRM). Firstly, the FRM is modelled considering the regulation capacity and mileage price. Then, the rental model for REC is built considering capacity rental costs and ES using costs. The correlation of rental capacity with reserved capacity and mileage is built through rental costs and revenue in FRM. The operation method for ES is carried out to maximise the total profits of REC. Finally, the whole model is demonstrated with a REC which has 35 MW photovoltaic and 113 MW wind turbine. The results show that under different rental and market prices, the REC can effectively choose the optimal rental strategy and its profits can mostly be raised by 19.63%.
Amateur PN discoveries and their spectral confirmation: A significant new addition to the Galactic PN inventory
Authors: Le Dû P. , Mulato L. , Parker Q. A. , Petit T. , Ritter A. , Drechsler M. , Strottner X. , Patchick D. , Prestgard T. , Garde O. , Outters N. , Raffaelli T.
Published: June 2022

We present the key results from an intensive and coordinated ten-year amateur observational programme designed to uncover and confirm Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe). This was undertaken and led by a dedicated group of largely French amateur astronomers in collaboration with professional colleagues. Over this period this group has uncovered a total of 209 spectroscopically confirmed True, Likely, and Possible Galactic PNe, with the work accelerating over the last three years in particular. These new discoveries represent ~5% of all 3831 True, Likely, and Possible Galactic PNe currently known according to the HASH database as of March 2022. A further 610 PNe candidates are awaiting follow-up. These figures demonstrate the power and value of the amateur community in undertaking a coordinated and focused programme such as this.