bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
σ-Holes and σ-lumps direct the Lewis basic and acidic interactions of noble metal nanoparticles: introducing regium bonds
Authors: Halldin Stenlid Joakim , Johansson Adam Johannes , Brinck Tore
Published: December 2017

Using local DFT-based probes for electrostatic as well as charge transfer/polarization interactions, we are able to characterize Lewis basic and acidic sites on copper, silver and gold nanoparticles.
The aggregation of an alkyl–C60derivative as a function of concentration, temperature and solvent type
Authors: Hollamby Martin J. , Smith Catherine F. , Britton Melanie M. , Danks Ashleigh E. , Schnepp Zoe , Grillo Isabelle , Pauw Brian R. , Kishimura Akihiro , Nakanishi Takashi
Published: December 2017

Contrast-variation SANS, SAXS, NMR and ITC measurements show that molecule1associates into micelles with tunable size based on the solution parameters.
Approximate DFT-based methods for generating diabatic states and calculating electronic couplings: models of two and more states
Authors: Yang Chou-Hsun , Yam ChiYung , Wang Haobin
Published: December 2017

Four types of density functional theory (DFT)-based approaches are assessed in this work for the approximate construction of diabatic states and evaluation of the electronic couplings between these states.
Excitation energies, singlet–triplet energy gaps, spin–orbit matrix elements and heavy atom effects in BOIMPYs as possible photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy: a computational investigation
Authors: De Simone Bruna Clara , Mazzone Gloria , Russo Nino , Sicilia Emilia , Toscano Marirosa
Published: December 2017

Introduction of halogen atoms in different amounts and positions into the BOIMPY skeleton significantly affects its photophysical properties.
From ligand exchange to reaction intermediates: what does really happen during the synthesis of emissive complexes?
Authors: Polzin P. , V. Eliani I. , Ströh J. , Braun M. , Ruser N. , Heidenreich N. , Rönfeldt P. , Bertram F. , Näther C. , Wöhlbrandt S. , Suta M. , Terraschke H.
Published: December 2017

The in situ luminescence analysis of coordination sensors (ILACS) technique reveals the influence of synthesis parameters on key features of the crystallization process of [Eu(2,2′bipyridine)2(NO3)3] derivative complexes.
Solvation of alcohols in ionic liquids – understanding the effect of the anion and cation
Authors: Vaz Inês C. M. , Bastos Margarida , Bernardes Carlos E. S. , Canongia Lopes José N. , Santos Luís M. N. B. F.
Published: December 2017

The effect of the anion and cation nature in the solvation of alcohols in ionic liquids highlighting the R-OH anion H-bond interaction is analysed.
Enhanced dissolution of ibuprofen using ionic liquids as catanionic hydrotropes
Authors: Sintra T. E. , Shimizu K. , Ventura S. P. M. , Shimizu S. , Canongia Lopes J. N. , Coutinho J. A. P.
Published: December 2017

Ionic liquids as powerful hydrotropes for ibuprofen, where both cation and anion may contribute to the hydrotropic mechanism in a synergistic manner.
Polymerization kinetics of a multi-functional silica precursor studied using a novel Monte Carlo simulation technique
Authors: Shere Inderdip , Malani Ateeque
Published: December 2017

Evolution of the shape of a polymer during various stages of polymerization.
Chemical strategies to unravel bacterial–eukaryotic signaling
Authors: Gregor R. , David S. , Meijler M. M.
Published: December 2017

This review highlights the use of advanced chemical biology methods to decipher the language of bacterial–plant and bacterial–mammalian interactions.
Azaborines: synthesis and use in the generation of stabilized boron-substituted carbocations
Authors: Clarke J. J. , Eisenberger P. , Piotrkowski S. S. , Crudden C. M.
Published: December 2017

A formal N-heterocyclic carbene insertion into the B–H bond of 9-BBN followed by a ring expansion reaction is reported. NHC-9-BBN adducts were reacted in one or two steps to give the corresponding di- or triazaborines. Hydride abstraction of selected species with [Ph3C]+ is facile, giving rise to 6π-aromatic cations with Lewis acidity comparable to Lewis acids commonly employed in frustrated Lewis pairs.
Self-assembly of heteroleptic dinuclear silver(i) complexes bridged by bis(diphenylphosphino)ethyne
Authors: Keller Sarah , Camenzind Timothy N. , Abraham Johannes , Prescimone Alessandro , Häussinger Daniel , Constable Edwin C. , Housecroft Catherine E.
Published: December 2017

The self assembly of Ag[PF6], bis(diphenylphosphino)ethyne and a bpy or tpy ligand was studied in solution using31P–109Ag HSQC spectroscopy and by X-ray crystallography.
Recyclable (Fe3O4-NaYF4:Yb,Tm)@TiO2 nanocomposites with near-infrared enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Lv Yan , Yue Lin , Li Qian , Shao Baoyi , Zhao Sen , Wang Haitao , Wu Shijia , Wang Zhouping
Published: December 2017

Herein, the design and synthesis of a multifunctional (Fe3O4-NaYF4:Yb,Tm)@TiO2 photocatalyst through a facile sol–gel process combined with electrostatic self-assembly has been reported.
Facile synthesis of carbon quantum dots loaded with mesoporous g-C3N4 for synergistic absorption and visible light photodegradation of fluoroquinolone antibiotics
Authors: Wang Yingfei , Wang Fengliang , Feng Yiping , Xie Zhijie , Zhang Qianxin , Jin Xiaoyu , Liu Haijin , Liu Yang , Lv Wenying , Liu Guoguang
Published: December 2017

mpg-C3N4/CQDs was prepared by using a facile synthetic approach and applied for the synergistic absorption and photocatalytic degradation of FQs.
Synthesis and structural characterization of alkali metal arsinoamides
Authors: Chen Xiao , Gamer Michael T. , Roesky Peter W.
Published: December 2017

The alkali metal arsinoamide complexes [(Mes2AsNPh){Li(OEt2)2}], [(Mes2AsNPh){Na(OEt2)}]2, and [(Mes2AsNPh){K(THF)}]2 were synthesized.
Using an environmentally-relevant panel of Gram-negative bacteria to assess the toxicity of polyallylamine hydrochloride-wrapped gold nanoparticles
Authors: Buchman Joseph T. , Rahnamoun Ali , Landy Kaitlin M. , Zhang Xi , Vartanian Ariane M. , Jacob Lisa M. , Murphy Catherine J. , Hernandez Rigoberto , Haynes Christy L.
Published: December 2017

We aim to establish the effect of bacterial diversity in assessing nanotoxicity.
Insights into structure and dynamics of (Mn,Fe)Ox-promoted Rh nanoparticles
Authors: Dimitrakopoulou Maria , Huang Xing , Kröhnert Jutta , Teschner Detre , Praetz Sebastian , Schlesiger Christopher , Malzer Wolfgang , Janke Christiane , Schwab Ekkehard , Rosowski Frank , Kaiser Harry , Schunk Stephan , Schlögl Robert , Trunschke Annette
Published: December 2017

The mutual interaction between Rh nanoparticles and manganese/iron oxide promoters in silica-supported Rh catalysts for the hydrogenation of CO to higher alcohols was analyzed by applying a combination of spectroscopy and microscopy.
Surfactant-free preparation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanoparticle dispersions and their use as surface coating agents
Authors: Heo Hyeon Jun , Park In Jun , Lee Sang Goo , Ha Jong-Wook , Lee Soo-Bok , Sohn Eun-Ho
Published: December 2017

Surfactant-free emulsion polymerisation of vinylidene fluoride was performed using poly(ethylene glycol) and a dispersion of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanoparticles instead of typical fluorinated surfactants.
Three-dimensional porous graphene-like sheets synthesized from biocarbon via low-temperature graphitization for a supercapacitor
Authors: Xia Jinsong , Zhang Na , Chong Shaokun , Li De , Chen Yong , Sun Chenghua
Published: December 2017

Synthetic procedure of three-dimensional porous graphene-like sheets via low-temperature graphitization.
Resistance-breaking profiling and gene expression analysis on an organometallic ReI–phenanthridine complex reveal parallel activation of two apoptotic pathways
Authors: König Marcel , Siegmund Daniel , Raszeja Lukasz J. , Prokop Aram , Metzler-Nolte Nils
Published: December 2017

Emerging resistances of tumors against multiple anti-cancer agents require compounds with a novel mode of action such as the Re metallodrug candidate studied herein, which activates two apoptotic pathways simultaneously.
Eu3+-Doped Y3−xSmxAl5O12 garnet: synthesis and structural investigation
Authors: Pavasaryte L. , Katelnikovas A. , Klimavicius V. , Balevicius V. , Momot A. , Van Bael M. , Hardy A. , Kareiva A.
Published: December 2017

Sm3+-Doped and Eu3+/Sm3+-co-doped yttrium aluminium garnets (YAG) have been synthesized by an environmentally friendly sol–gel method.
BSA capped bi-functional fluorescent Cu nanoclusters as pH sensor and selective detection of dopamine
Authors: Miao Zhuang , Hou Wenli , Liu Meiling , Zhang Youyu , Yao Shouzhuo
Published: December 2017

Illustration of the preparation of bi-functional BSA-CuNCs, the pH sensing and the detection of dopamine (DA).
Novel mono, di and tri-fatty acid esters bearing secondary amino acid ester head groups as transdermal permeation enhancers
Authors: Rambharose S. , Kalhapure R. S. , Jadhav M. , Govender T.
Published: December 2017

Mono-oleate derivative (MOAPE) enhancing in vitro transdermal permeation of tenofovir.
Fabrication of Pd/CuFe2O4 hybrid nanowires: a heterogeneous catalyst for Heck couplings
Authors: Lakshminarayana B. , Mahendar L. , Ghosal P. , Sreedhar B. , Satyanarayana G. , Subrahmanyam Ch.
Published: December 2017

Hybrid heterogeneous catalyst, palladium(0) on copper ferrite nanowires has been synthesized and characterized. Significantly, this catalyst for the first time employed in the Jeffrey Heck reaction between iodo-arenes and allylic alcohols.
Green synthesis of mesoporous flower-like TiO2/graphite nanosheets (TGNS) prepared by high-pressure homogenization (HPH)
Authors: Wei Qiushi , Chen Jiewei , Xue Feng , Ding Enyong
Published: December 2017

TiO2 particles uniformly spread on graphite nanosheets (GNS) by utilizing the broken edges brought by high-pressure homogenization.
A multifunctional wearable sensor based on a graphene/inverse opal cellulose film for simultaneous, in situ monitoring of human motion and sweat
Authors: Xu Hua , Lu Yi Fei , Xiang Jian Xin , Zhang Ming Kun , Zhao Yuan Jin , Xie Zhuo Ying , Gu Zhong Ze
Published: December 2017

A multifunctional, wearable sensor based on a rGO/IOAC film has been developed and can perform simultaneous monitoring of human motions and sweat.
The origin of excellent rate and cycle performance of Sn4P3 binary electrodes for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Jung Sung Chul , Choi Jin-Ho , Han Young-Kyu
Published: December 2017

This study on sodiated Sn4P3 provides significant insights into the design of binary anode materials for sodium-ion batteries.
Light-induced reactivity of gold and hybrid perovskite as a new possible degradation mechanism in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Shlenskaya Natalia N. , Belich Nikolai A. , Grätzel Michael , Goodilin Eugene A. , Tarasov Alexey B.
Published: December 2017

Gold degradation under UV-light through local formation of a reactive polyiodide melt and its rapid reaction with gold resulting in the MA2Au2I6 phase.
The bioconjugation mechanism of purine cross-linkers affects microstructure and cell response to ultra rapidly gelling purine–chitosan sponges
Authors: Benameur Laila , Baudequin Timothée , Mekhail Mina , Tabrizian Maryam
Published: December 2017

As a cell carrier, cross-linking is one of the most common approaches used to provide chitosan with greater structural integrity.
The failure of rodent carcinogenesis as a model for Man
Authors: Berry Colin
Published: December 2017

Recent advances in our understanding of the process of carcinogenesis in Man have required revision of our thinking about the classical initiation/promotion sequence; understanding must now encompass the roles of both genetic and epigenetic change, realisation of the importance of the variable genetic backgrounds of the tumour bearers in any group and an understanding of the importance of random genetic events over time. The behavior of tumours, once established, is more complex than has been thought. Current views of the processes involved are not modelled in toxicity testing programmes.
Ezrin-anchored PKA phosphorylates serine 369 and 373 on connexin 43 to enhance gap junction assembly, communication, and cell fusion
Authors: Dukic Aleksandra R. , Gerbaud Pascale , Guibourdenche Jean , Thiede Bernd , Taskén Kjetil , Pidoux Guillaume
Published: December 2017

A limited number of human cells can fuse to form multinucleated syncytia. In the differentiation of human placenta, mononuclear cytotrophoblasts fuse to form an endocrinologically active, non-proliferative, multinucleated syncytium. This syncytium covers the placenta and manages the exchange of nutrients and gases between maternal and fetal circulation. We recently reported protein kinase A (PKA) to be part of a macromolecular signaling complex with ezrin and gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43) that provides cAMP-mediated control of gap junction communication. Here, we examined the associated phosphorylation events. Inhibition of PKA activity resulted in decreased Cx43 phosphorylation, which was associated with reduced trophoblast fusion and differentiation. In vitro studies using peptide arrays, together with mass spectrometry, pointed to serine 369 and 373 of Cx43 as the major PKA phosphorylation sites that increases gap junction assembly at the plasmalemma. A combination of knockdown and reconstitution experiments and gap-fluorescence loss in photobleaching assays with mutant Cx43 containing single or double phosphoserine-mimicking amino acid substitutions in putative PKA phosphorylation sites demonstrated that phosphorylation of S369 and S373 mediated gap junction communication, trophoblast differentiation, and cell fusion.
Creative Dance-Based Communication Intervention for Children With Multiple Disabilities Including Sensory Impairment
Authors: Nelson Catherine , Paul Kristen , Barnhill Brooke A.
Published: December 2017

Creative dance activities are inherently communicative, and research has demonstrated that they can provide effective contexts for children to learn communication skills. Children with sensory disabilities have many risk factors for significant delays in concept and communication development, and creative dance offers an avenue to help this group learn such skills through movement. This article describes how the BEST (Body, Energy, Space, and Time) creative dance framework can be used by educational teams including speech-language pathologists to teach concepts and communication to children and youth with multiple disabilities including sensory impairments. Discussed in the article are the BEST framework, the impact of sensory disabilities on the development of communication, accommodations and modifications that might be needed by children with sensory disabilities, and a description of an interdisciplinary university class that involved dance and special education students. Finally, the article provides three examples that demonstrate how communication and concepts can be taught through creative dance across various age groups.
Data model for biopart datasheets
Authors: de Murieta Iñaki Sainz , Bultelle Matthieu , Kitney Richard I.
Published: December 2017

This study introduces a new data model, based on the DICOM‐SB (see glossary of terms for definition of acronyms) standard for synthetic biology, that is capable of describing/incorporating the data, metadata and ancillary information from detailed characterisation experiments – to present DNA components (bioparts) in datasheets. The data model offers a standardised mechanism to associate bioparts with data and information about component performance – in a particular biological context (or a range of contexts, e.g. chassis). The data model includes the raw, experimental data for each characterisation run, and the protocol details needed to reliably reproduce the experiment. In addition, it provides metrics (e.g. relative promoter units, synthesis/growth rates etc.) that constitute the main content of a biopart datasheet. The data model has been developed to directly link to DICOM‐SB, but also to be compatible with existing data standards, e.g. SBOL and SBML. It has been implemented within the latest version of the API that enables access to the SynBIS information system. The work should contribute significantly to the current standardisation effort in synthetic biology. The standard data model for datasheets is seen as a necessary step towards effective interoperability between part repositories, and between repositories and BioCAD applications.
Eye feature point detection based on single convolutional neural network
Authors: Zhao Xuepeng , Meng Chunning , Feng Mingkui , Chang Shengjiang , Zeng Qingkai
Published: December 2017

Feature point detection based on convolutional neural network (CNN) has been studied widely. The effective approaches for improving detection accuracy are building a deeper network or using a multi‐network cascade structure. However, some potential capacity of CNN has not been excavated. In this study, the authors mainly analyse several factors influencing CNN performance from two aspects: (i) the position relationships between feature points and (ii) the normalisation methods of coordinates. Whether the network can learn the position relationships is also studied. For extracting the deep features of images, a network containing three convolution layers is constructed. The specific geometric relationship constraints are applied during calibration to maximise the capability of the CNN for learning the position relationship between feature points. Considering that different feature points only appear in various local regions of an image, local normalisation is proposed, which increases the mapping scope of the feature points and decreases the mapping error. The experimental results prove that the specific position relationship and local normalisation obviously improve the feature point detection based on CNN. At the detection error of 5%, the average detection accuracy of eyelid feature points is improved by 7.1% and single‐point detection receives a high accuracy of 97.96%.
Transient stability assessment of large lossy power systems
Authors: Sarailoo Morteza , Wu N. Eva , Bay John S.
Published: December 2017

Stability assessment of a lossy power system during a transient is challenging because of the stringent time limit for a conclusion to reliably support protection functions. A coverage‐based stability assessment is pursued with focus on resolving computation and scalability issues. This approach involves online tracking of each generator's electromechanical state using a local quasi‐steady‐state sinusoidal measurement model, and determining whether the state is enclosed in an offline‐computed post‐fault region of attraction (RoA) at the time the RoA is established by a protection action. The RoA is numerically estimated offline with a scalable ellipsoidal expansion algorithm, and the need for the expansion is delineated. The approach to transient stability assessment is tested on a lossy 68‐bus system subject to transmission faults. The study concludes that the coverage‐based stability assessment can offer significant advantages in both reliability and swiftness over the existing assessment methods.
Simplified method of doubly fed induction generator
Authors: Song Guobing , Zhang Chenhao , Wang Xiaobo , Huang Wei
Published: December 2017

At present, doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) occupies the market of wind turbine due to its controllable rotor AC current, decoupled active and reactive power, and small converter capacity. However, the detailed model with power electronic switch components is complicated and computationally expensive for the simulation which restricts the scale and the speed of the wind power system simulation. This study first analyses the network topology and control strategy of DFIG system including the induction generator, AC–DC–AC converters which largely limit the speed of simulation, and the strategy of stator flux‐oriented vector control. Then a simplified modelling method based on the equivalence of control effect is proposed. Controlled voltage source based on energy balance is used to replace the pulse width modulation control part in both grid side and rotor side. Also, this study simplifies the crowbar circuit considering the low‐voltage ride‐through requirement. At last, this study gives the results of the simplified model and detailed model simulations in PSCAD environment which show accurate matching under different operation states and faults conditions. The results verify that the simplified model can overcome the complex process of power electronics device simulation and solve engineering problems.
Accuracy improvement of remaining capacity estimation for energy storage batteries
Authors: Xu Cheng , Liu Guo'an , Wang Kangli
Published: December 2017

Scheduling lithium‐ion batteries for energy storage applications in power systems requires accurate estimation of their remaining capacity. Due to the varying discharge rate during a cycle caused by complex operating conditions, conventional estimation methods suffer greatly from poor estimation accuracy. Therefore, this study proposes an improved Ah‐counting method for remaining capacity estimation, in which a neural network‐based model is introduced to consider the rate capability of batteries. Moreover, to avoid the inherent error caused by Ah‐counting, a straightforward method is applied to the estimation. Simulations show that the estimation accuracy can be effectively improved by the proposed method.
Optimal layout of wind farm for lightning protection based on lightning leader development model
Authors: Zhang Wenfang , Zhang Li , Cui Jingxian , Wang Guozheng , Zhao Tong , Zou Liang , Wang Xinghua
Published: December 2017

Wind turbine blades suffering from lightning strikes has been an urgent problem to be solved for large‐scale wind farms. However, the existing analysis method for lightning protection is inapplicable to the complex mechanical structure and rotation characteristics of the blade. In addition, research on lightning protection of large‐scale wind farm is insufficient. In this study, the electrical geometric analysis model for wind turbine blade is proposed based on the traditional electrical geometric method and the physical process of lightning leader development. The meaning of striking distance is clarified by introducing the concept of dynamic striking distance of wind turbine blade. The lightning shielding between wind turbines in a large‐scale wind farm is studied based on the new electrical geometric model of wind turbine blade. Reference for the layout distance between two wind turbines is given from the perspective of lightning protection. The layout distance in the vertical direction of prevailing wind for the 1.5 MW typical wind turbine shall be 4–6 times the length of the blade. The proposed method of lightning protection for wind turbine blades can be applied to a large‐scale wind farm, which provides theoretical guidance for the optimal layout of wind farm and has a certain guiding significance for large scale development of wind power industry in China.
Design and research of modular permanent‐magnet DC generator based on magnetic integrated transformer for offshore wind farms
Authors: Shen Kuigang , Xie Baochang , Cai Xu
Published: December 2017

Traditional topologies of all‐DC offshore wind farm raised the voltage by making multiple generators connected in series, which would cause problems of additional enforcement insulation and complex power distribution and voltage control when situations of unbalanced wind speed and potential faults were encountered. A modular permanent‐magnet DC wind generator topology based on the magnetic integrated transformer (MIT) for the offshore wind farm was proposed in this study. The combination of fractional slot concentrated winding direct‐drive permanent‐magnet synchronous generator and MIT directly produced high‐voltage direct current at the end of a generator, which was of strong fault tolerance. Mathematical models of the generator, power electronic converters, and MIT were established. Both power factor correction control strategies of generator winding currents and voltage stability control strategy of generator inner low‐voltage direct current bus were designed. Simulation results demonstrated that the designed generator can achieve smooth transitions during start, variable wind speed and fault processes, and realise the maximum power point tracking, which verify the rationality and feasibility of the proposed topology and strategy, and can provide a useful technical reference for the future all‐DC offshore wind farms.
A Concise and Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Pestalotioprolide C Using Ring-Closing Metathesis
Authors: Krishna Palakodety , Kundoor Govinda , Battina Suresh
Published: December 2017

The stereoselective total synthesis of the pestalotioprolide C is disclosed in 13 linear steps in 4% overall yield. The key steps in this approach are a ring-closing-metathesis protocol for the construction of the 14-membered macrolide with E-olefinic bond, a Keck allylation, and a Sharpless kinetic resolution for the installation of desired stereocenters at C4 and C7.
Metal-Free Cascade Methylation/Cyclization of N-Alkyl-N-methacryloylbenzamides with Dicumyl Peroxide
Authors: Niu Yan-Ning , Xia Xiao-Feng , Yuan Yuan
Published: December 2017

A metal-free radical cascade methylation/cyclization of a wide range of N-alkyl-N-methacryloylbenzamides by using dicumyl peroxide as the methylating reagent provides a convenient access to a series of methylated isoquinoline-1,3-diones in moderate yields.
N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)-Catalyzed One-Pot Aerobic Oxidative Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzo[d]oxazoles, Benzo[d]thiazoles and 1,2-Disubstituted Benzo[d]imidazoles
Authors: Hou Xiu-Feng , Zhou Quan , Liu Shu , Ma Ming , Cui He-Zhen , Hong Xi , Huang Shuang , Zhang Jing-Fan
Published: December 2017

N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC), generated in situ from easily available N-heterocyclic imidazolium salt with air as terminal oxidant, has successfully been utilized as a cheap and efficient catalyst for one-pot aerobic oxidative synthesis of 2-arylbenzo[d]oxazoles, 2-substituted benzo[d]thiazoles, and 1,2-disubstituted benzo[d]imidazoles.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 1′,2′-cis-Disubstituted Carbocyclic ribo-Nucleoside Analogues
Authors: Meier Chris , Weising Simon , Torquati Ilaria
Published: December 2017

Herein we disclose an efficient strategy for the convergent synthesis of 1′,2′-cis-disubstituted carbocyclic ribo-nucleoside analogues. Starting from an enantiomerically pure cyclopentenol precursor, the key step for the preparation of the highly functionalized carbocyclic building block is an asymmetric dihydroxylation. Employing different variants of the Mitsunobu protocol, the condensation with all-natural nucleobases or their precursors affords a series of ribo-configured carbocyclic 1′,2′-cis-disubstituted nucleoside analogues.
A Combined Tamaru Allylation/Olefin Cross-Metathesis Approach for the Total Syntheses of (±)-Paniculidine B, (±)-Paniculidine C, and 2-Methylcarbazole
Authors: Wu Yen-Ku , Tseng Yi-Lun , Liang Min-Chieh , Chen I-Chia
Published: December 2017

A concise approach to the total syntheses of racemic paniculidines B and C is described. The route features a combined Tamaru allylation/olefin cross-metathesis sequence for the regiocontrolled synthesis of prenylindole intermediates. In addition, we report a transformation of the prenylated indole into 2-methylcarbazole catalyzed by sulfonic acid-functionalized silica gel.
An Effective Synthesis of N,N-Diphenyl Carbazolium Salts
Authors: Diesendruck Charles , Aharonovich Sinai , Gjineci Nansi , Dekel Dario
Published: December 2017

Tetraaryl ammonium salts are a synthetic challenge, since there is no general method for the arylation of triaryl amines. Contrary to other quaternary ammonium salts, tetraaryl ammonium salts should be very chemically stable. The ipso carbons are not very electrophilic, since the positive charge is distributed throughout the pi systems and they have no acidic β hydrogens. Here we demonstrate a simple approach to N,N-diphenyl carbazolium salts using only three synthetic steps, allowing for an easy production of these salts in large amounts and in a relatively short time. In addition, we study the Cu(I) catalyzed multi-arylation of 2,2’-diaminobiphenyl, focusing on the regioselectivity of each step. Finally, we characterize, for the first time, the solid state structure of a tetraaryl ammonium salt.
Ictal-Interictal Continuum: When to Worry About the Continuous Electroencephalography Pattern
Authors: Cormier Justine , Maciel Carolina , Gilmore Emily
Published: December 2017

Continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) monitoring is an invaluable tool in the evaluation of encephalopathy and coma in critically ill patients. Marked increases in cEEG monitoring, coinciding with several societal guideline statements in the last decade, have allowed earlier detection and treatment of clearly harmful patterns, including nonconvulsive seizures (NCSz) and nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE). However, it has also unmasked a range of EEG patterns of less clear clinical significance, with some more “malignant” than others given their potential association with increased neuronal stress and secondary brain injury. These patterns lay on a spectrum often referred to as the ictal-interictal continuum (IIC). To date, no definitive guidelines exist for the management of these potentially harmful EEG patterns, thus presenting a clinical dilemma for critical care physicians. Here, we review the various IIC patterns, their associated features, seizure risk, and outcomes and also propose a clinical approach to management based on the available data and expert opinion.
Autoimmune Encephalitis in Critical Care: Optimizing Immunosuppression
Authors: Rubin Daniel , Batra Ayush , Vodopivec Ivana , Vaitkevicius Henrikas
Published: December 2017

Autoimmune diseases affecting the nervous systems are a common cause of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Although there exist several well-described clinical syndromes, patients more commonly present with progressive neurologic dysfunction and laboratory and radiographic evidence of central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. In the critical care setting, the urgency to intervene to prevent permanent damage to the nervous system and secondary injury from the systemic manifestations of these syndromes often conflicts with diagnostic uncertainty. Furthermore, treatment is limited by current therapeutic agents that remain non-specific for individual diseases, especially for those whose pathophysiology remains unclear. Primary autoimmune, paraneoplastic, parainfectious, and iatrogenic neurologic disorders all share the common underlying pathophysiology of an adaptive immune response directed against an antigen within the nervous system. Several different mechanisms of immune dysfunction are responsible for pathogenesis within each of these categories of disease, and it is at this level of pathophysiology that the most effective and appropriate therapeutic decisions are made. In this review, we outline the basic diagnostic and therapeutic principles in the management of autoimmune diseases of the nervous system in the ICU. We approach these disorders not as lists of distinct clinical syndromes or molecular targets of autoimmunity but rather as clusters of syndromes based on these common underlying mechanisms of immune dysfunction. This approach emphasizes early intervention over precise diagnosis. As our understanding of the immune system continues to grow, this framework will allow for a more sophisticated approach to the management of patients with these complex, often devastating but frequently reversible, neurologic illnesses.
Aneurysm of the Fenestrated Basilar Artery: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Valsechi Linoel , Meguins Lucas , Maia Isabela , Fares Adil , Taffarel Diogo , Hidalgo Raquel
Published: December 2017

Introduction Aneurysms of the vertebrobasilar junction are rare, but when present, they are often associated with fenestration of the basilar artery. Frequently, the endovascular treatment is the first choice due to the complex anatomy of the posterior fossa, which represents a challenge for the open surgical treatment alternative.

Case Report A 47-year-old man was admitted to the emergency unit with headache, diplopia, neck pain and mental confusion. The neurological exam showed: score of 15 in the Glasgow coma scale (GCS), no motor or sensitivity deficit, palsy of the left sixth cranial nerve and Hunt-Hess grade III. The computed tomography (CT) scan showed subarachnoid hemorrhage (Fisher III) and hydrocephalus. The patient was submitted to ventricular-peritoneal shunt. A diagnostic angiography was performed with 3D reconstruction, which showed evidence of fenestration of the basilar artery associated with aneurysm in the right vertebrobasilar portion. An aneurysm coil embolization was performed without complications. The patient was discharged 19 days later maintaining diplopia, with paralysis of the left sixth cranial nerve, but without any other complaints or neurological symptoms.

Discussion Fenestration of the basilar artery occurs due to failure of fusion of the longitudinal neural arteries in the embryonic period, and it is associated with the formation of aneurysms. The endovascular treatment is the first choice and several techniques are described, including simple coiling, balloon remodeling, stent-assisted coiling, liquid embolic agents and flow diversion devices. The three-dimensional rotational angiography (3DRA) is an extremely helpful tool when planning the best treatment course.

Conclusion Fenestrated basilar artery aneurysms are rare and complex vascular diseases and their treatment improved with the advent of the 3D angiography and the development of the endovascular techniques.
Homeopathic Medicines and Pancreatic Pathology
Authors: Hossain Azmal
Published: December 2017

In this article, homeopathic medicines are used to treat a space-occupying lesion and calcifying pancreatitis with calculus. In such deep-seated pathology, low potency medicines produce the desired result and avoid the need for surgery. Wide clinical trials show that some homeopathic medicines are very useful in the treatment of such chronic diseases.
Comparison of Tissue Stiffness Using Shear Wave Elastography in Men with Normal Testicular Tissue, Testicular Microlithiasis and Testicular Cancer
Authors: Pedersen Malene , Møller Henrik , Osther Palle , Vedsted Peter , Holst René , Rafaelsen Søren
Published: December 2017

Objectives To compare elastography measurements in men with normal testicular tissue, testicular microlithiasis and testicular cancer.

Methods A total of 248 consecutive patients were included. All men provided written informed consent. Testicular stiffness was assessed using shear wave elastography (SWE). Three SWE velocity measurements were assessed in each testicle. The patients were divided into three groups; men with normal testicular tissue (n=130), men with testicular microlithiasis (n=99) and men with testicular cancer (n=19).

Results We found a higher mean velocity in the group of patients with testicular cancer (1.92 m/s (95% CI 1.82–2.03)) compared to both the group with normal tissue (0.76 m/s (95% CI: 0.75–0.78)) (p<0.001) and the group with testicular microlithiasis 0.79 m/s (95% CI: 0.77–0.81) (p<0.001).

Conclusion The presence of testicular microlithiasis increased stiffness slightly, but within the range of variation in normal testicles. Increased stiffness may indicate testicular malignancy in testicular lesions. Ultrasound elastography could be a very useful tool when investigating scrotum.
Die Entwicklung Interaktionsbezogener Fallarbeit (IFA) im Osten Deutschlands – eine Geschichte besonderer Beziehungen zwischen Ärzten und Psychologen mit Auswirkungen
Authors: Grünbaum Johannes
Published: December 2017

Bedeutung der Balint-Arbeit und der Erfahrungen mit der dynamischen Gruppenpsychotherapie in der DDR für die Entwicklung eines eigenständigen IFA-Konzeptes der Verhaltenstherapeuten. Auswirkung der Bewegungen der „dritten Welle“ der Verhaltenstherapie. Perspektiven der weiteren Zusammenarbeit mit Vertretern der Balint-Gesellschaft.
Rezidiv und Stabilität nach transversaler Erweiterung der Zahnbögen – eine retrospektiv-longitudinale Studie
Authors: Rudzki Ingrid , Klein Ursula , Kirschneck Christian
Published: December 2017

Transversale, dento-alveoläre Expansionen von Zahnbögen werden im klinischen Alltag häufig durchgeführt, ohne deren langfristige Stabilität (Dauererfolg) zu berücksichtigen. In einer retrospektiv-longitudinalen Studie wurde daher das Ausmaß transversaler, dento-alveolärer Veränderungen während und nach herausnehmbarer Therapie mit aktiven „Dehnplatten“ bei 107 Patienten im Wechselgebiss und jungen bleibenden Gebiss untersucht, die eine optimale Mitarbeit erreichten (Tragezeit 10–16 Stunden/Tag). Kieferorthopädische Modellserien von Anfangs- (AM) und Schlussbefund nach Retention (SM) sowie ein Kontrollbefund (KM) 0,6–6,2 Jahre post retentionem ermöglichten eine Beurteilung des Rezidivs bzw. der langfristigen Stabilität transversaler Dehnungen, welche als interkanine Distanz (ICD-OK/UK), anteriore (4±4) und posteriore (6±6) Zahnbogenbreite quantifiziert wurden. Im oberen Zahnbogen blieben im Mittel 76% (2,2 mm, ICD-OK), 55% (1,4 mm, 4+4) bzw. 56% (1,8 mm, 6+6) der transversalen Erweiterung langzeitstabil, während im unteren Zahnbogen bezüglich der ICD-UK ein Totalrezidiv eintrat mit einem posterioren „Dauererfolg“ von 40% (0,8 mm, 4-4) bzw. 66% (2,1 mm, 6-6). Ein initialer „Schmalkiefer“, früher Therapiebeginn sowie eine Prämolaren-Extraktion (ICD-OK) bzw. ein initialer Engstand (ICD-UK) wirkten sich dabei positiv auf den „Dauererfolg“ aus. Mit Ausnahme der ICD-UK können dento-alveoläre transversale Erweiterungen demnach relativ erfolgreich durchgeführt werden, jedoch bei limitierter Langzeitstabilität.
Sinn oder Unsinn von transdermalem Magnesium
Authors: Vormann Jürgen , Weidner Michael , Werner Tanja
Published: December 2017

Seit einigen Jahren wird die äußerliche Anwendung von Magnesium zur Behandlung von Magnesiummangel und Muskelkrämpfen beworben. Seriöse Studien konnten jedoch keine transdermale Aufnahme des essenziellen Mineralstoffs aus magnesiumreichem Badewasser oder Lotionen nachweisen. Demgegenüber ist die orale Magnesiumsupplementierung in Therapie und Prophylaxe wissenschaftlich gesichert und anerkannt. Der rechtliche Status transdermaler Magnesiumprodukte ist ungeklärt.
Editorial
Authors: Ewertsen Caroline
Published: December 2017

Dear Colleagues,

It is with pleasure that I hereby introduce the ninth issue of UIO.

This issue covers a wide range of interesting topics. Some of the topics are also focus areas for the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB), namely student education in ultrasound and elastography. Guidelines are available under www.efsumb.org.
The first vampire films in America
Authors: Rhodes Gary D.
Published: December 2017

Horror film scholarship has generally suggested that the supernatural vampire either did not appear onscreen during the early cinema period, or that it appeared only once, in Georges Méliès’ Le manoir du diable/The Devil’s Castle (1896). By making rigorous use of archival materials, this essay tests those assumptions and determines them to be incorrect, while at the same time acknowledging the ambiguity of vampires and early cinema, both being prone to misreadings and misunderstandings. Between 1895 and 1915, moving pictures underwent major evolutions that transformed their narrative codes of intelligibility. During the same years, the subject of vampirism also experienced great change, with the supernatural characters of folklore largely dislocated by the non-supernatural “vamps” of popular culture. In an effort to reconcile the onscreen ambiguities, this paper adopts a New Film History methodology to examine four early films distributed in America, showing how characters in two of them—Le manoir du diable and La légende du fantôme/Legend of a Ghost (Pathé Frères, 1908) have in different eras been mistakenly read as supernatural vampires, as well as how a third—The Vampire, a little-known chapter of the serial The Exploits of Elaine (Pathé, 1915)—invoked supernatural vampirism, but only as a metaphor. The paper concludes by analyzing Loïe Fuller (Pathé Frères, 1905), the only film of the era that seems to have depicted a supernatural vampire. Revising the early history of vampires onscreen brings renewed focus to the intrinsic similarities between the supernatural creatures and the cinema.
Rotational dissociation of impulsively aligned van der Waals complexes
Authors: Søndergaard Anders A. , Zillich Robert E. , Stapelfeldt Henrik
Published: December 2017

The nonadiabatic alignment dynamics of weakly bound molecule-atom complexes, induced by a moderately intense 300 fs nonresonant laser pulse, is calculated by direct numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. Our method propagates the wave function according to the coupled channel equations for the complex, which can be done in a very efficient and stable manner out to large times. We present results for two van der Waal complexes, CS2–He and HCCH–He, as respective examples of linear molecules with large and small moments of inertia. Our main result is that at intensities typical of nonadiabatic alignment experiments, these complexes rapidly dissociate. In the case of the CS2–He complex, the ensuing rotational dynamics resembles that of isolated molecules, whereas for the HCCH–He complex, the detachment of the He atom severely perturbs and essentially quenches the subsequent rotational motion. At intensities of the laser pulse ≲2.0 × 1012 W/cm2, it is shown that the molecule-He complex can rotate and align without breaking apart. We discuss the implications of our findings for recent experiments on iodine molecules solvated in helium nanodroplets.
Fluorescence enhancement near single TiO2 nanodisks
Authors: Lin H.-J. , de Oliveira Lima K. , Gredin P. , Mortier M. , Billot L. , Chen Z. , Aigouy L.
Published: December 2017

We present a near-field optical study of TiO2 nanodisks by fluorescence scanning near-field optical microscopy. The localization of light and the fluorescence enhancement near the dielectric structures are visualized with a lateral resolution of ∼λ/5 using an Er/Yb-codoped fluorescent nanocrystal glued at the end of a sharp scanning tip. We observed that the intensity patterns strongly depend on the disk size, forming lobes for a diameter close to the wavelength and a single bright spot for smaller structures. Although the experiments were performed out of resonance, a maximum fluorescence enhancement of 2.3 was observed near 700 nm-wide disks. The evolution of the fluorescence pattern as a function of the disk size is in good agreement with the near-field maps calculated by the finite-difference time-domain method, in both two and three dimensions above the structures.
Blocks in the asymmetric simple exclusion process
Authors: Tracy Craig A. , Widom Harold
Published: December 2017

In earlier work, the authors obtained formulas for the probability in the asymmetric simple exclusion process that the mth particle from the left is at site x at time t. They were expressed in general as sums of multiple integrals and, for the case of step initial condition, as an integral involving a Fredholm determinant. In the present work, these results are generalized to the case where the mth particle is the left-most one in a contiguous block of L particles. The earlier work depended in a crucial way on two combinatorial identities, and the present work begins with a generalization of these identities to general L.
Nutation-like-mode excitation of coupled vortex cores in magnetic spherical shells
Authors: Lee Jae-Hyeok , Kim Junhoe , Kim Min-Kwan , Sim Jaegun , Kim Sang-Koog
Published: December 2017

We performed micromagnetic numerical calculations to explore the novel dynamics of two vortex cores magnetically coupled via long-range dipolar interactions and short-range exchange interactions in a single element of spherical nano-shells. One vortex core is located in the upper half-shell and the other in the lower half-shell. Under a given static magnetic field, they show unique coupled dynamic motions that have yet to be reported so far. For the parallel core orientations, they show slow and large-amplitude orbital motions around the static field direction, and both cores' positions on the surface are out-of-phase with each other. This motion resembles the precession motion of a single vortex core around the static magnetic field direction in a nanosphere. In addition to such a precession-like motion, each core simultaneously shows relatively fast and small-amplitude gyration-like motions that move along with the precession-like motion. The superposition of the two distinct dynamic modes results in an overall nutation-like motion as observed in other non-linear systems such as gyroscopes and geodynamics. For the anti-parallel configuration of both cores, further complex fast decaying, irregular motions are shown, because their opposite core orientations show an almost null surface-normal component of the average magnetization of both cores as well as the opposite rotational senses of their gyration motions. This work provides not only a further understanding of dynamic-coupled motions of magnetic vortices in 3D nano-structures but also an efficient way to utilize nano-spherical shells in other possible applications related to novel dynamic-modes excitation.
Impulse response and spatio-temporal wave-packets: The common feature of rogue waves, tsunami, and transition to turbulence
Authors: Bhaumik Swagata , Sengupta Tapan K.
Published: December 2017

Here, we present the impulse response of the canonical zero pressure gradient boundary layer from the dynamical system approach. The fundamental physical mechanism of the impulse response is in creation of a spatio-temporal wave-front (STWF) by a localized, time-impulsive wall excitation of the boundary layer. The present research is undertaken to explain the unit process of diverse phenomena in geophysical fluid flows and basic hydrodynamics. Creation of a tsunami has been attributed to localized events in the ocean-bed caused by earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions, whose manifestation is in the run up to the coast by surface waves of massive amplitude but of very finite fetch. Similarly rogue waves have often been noted; a coherent account of the same is yet to appear, although some explanations have been proposed. Our studies in both two- and three-dimensional frameworks in Sengupta and Bhaumik [“Onset of turbulence from the receptivity stage of fluid flows,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 107(15), 154501 (2011)] and Bhaumik and Sengupta [“Precursor of transition to turbulence: Spatiotemporal wave front,” Phys. Rev. E 89(4), 043018 (2014)] have shown that the STWF provides the central role for causing transition to turbulence by reproducing carefully conducted transition experiments. Here, we furthermore relax the condition of time behavior and use a Dirac-delta wall excitation for the impulse response. The present approach is not based on any simplification of the governing Navier-Stokes equation (NSE), which is unlike solving a nonlinear shallow water equation and/or nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The full nonlinear Navier-Stokes equation (NSE) is solved here using high accuracy dispersion relation preserving numerical schemes and using appropriate formulation of the NSE which minimizes error. The adopted numerical methods and formulation have been extensively validated with respect to various external and internal 2D and 3D flow problems. We also present results from the Orr-Sommerfeld equation to show that the origin of the STWF is via a linear mechanism. Nonlinearity and nonparallelism play the central role in causing these phenomena of geophysics and transition to turbulence.