bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF REACTIVITY INSERTION AS A FUNCTION OF THE RSG-GAS FUEL BURN-UP
Authors: Surbakti Tukiran , Pinem Surian , Suparlina Lily
Published: March 2021

Analysis of the control rod insertion is important as it is closely related to reactor safety. Previously, the analysis has been carried out in RSG-GAS during static condition, not as a function of the fuel fraction. The RSG-GAS reactor in one cycle is a function of the fuel burn-up. It is necessary to analyze RSG-GAS core reactivity insertion as a function of the fuel burn-up to determine the behavior of the reactor, especially in uncontrolled operations such as continuous pulling of control rods. This analysis is carried out by the computer simulation method using WIMSD-5B and MTR-DYN codes, by observing power behavior as a function of time due to neutron chain reactions in the reactor core. Calculations are performed using point kinetics equation, and the feedback effect will be evaluated using static power coefficient and fuel burn-up function. Analyzes were performed for the core configuration of the core no. 99, by lifting the control rod or inserting positive reactivity to the core. The calculation results show that with the reactivity insertion of 0.5% Δk/k at start-up power of 1 W and 1 MW, safety limit is not exceeded either at the beginning, middle, or end of the cycle. The maximum temperature of the fuel is 135°C while the safety limit is 180°C. The margin from the safety limit is large, and therefore fuel damage is not possible when power excursion were to occur.
Two-Loop System with Reference Model for Control of Spatial Movement of Cargo Underwater Vehicle
Authors: Filaretov V. F. , Yukhimets D. A.
Published: March 2021

Currently, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) are increasingly used to perform tasks related to the maintenance of underwater communications and various underwater production complexes, as well as performing underwater technological operations. To effectively perform these operations, AUV must have high-quality control systems that will ensure their accurate movement both along long spatial trajectories formed during their movement to the objects of work, and when performing complex maneuvers near underwater infrastructure objects. At the same time, the main difficulty that arises in the process of synthesis of AUV control systems is the significant non-linearity of the dynamic models of these control objects, the presence of interactions between their degrees of freedom, as well as the uncertainty and variability of their parameters. In this paper, we propose a method for synthesizing the spatial motion control system of the AUV, which allows us to take into account these negative effects. This system contains two loops. The first loop includes a combined system containing a nonlinear controller to achieve the desired dynamic characteristics of the AUV, when its parameters are equal to the nominal values, and a controller with self-tuning according to the reference model, which provides compensation for an unknown or variable part of the parameters. In this case, the parameters of the controller with the reference model are selected to reduce the possible amplitude of the discontinuous signal for controlling the AUV velocity. The second loop is a non-linear position controller that allows to take into account the dynamic properties of the velocity control loop and the kinematic properties of the AUV. The advantage of the proposed control system in comparison with traditional ones based on PID controllers is a higher control accuracy when moving along complex spatial trajectories, regardless of changes in the AUV parameters. The simulation results confirmed the high efficiency of the synthesized two-loop control system.
Control of Autonomous Landing of UAV of Airplane-Type on the Static and Dynamic Sites with Using of "Flexible" Kinematic Trajectories
Authors: Sergeev A. A. , Filimonov A. B. , Filimonov N. B.
Published: March 2021

The final and one of the most important stages of the aircraft-type unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) flight is landing. In this regard the problem of automating the control by UAV landing in difficult meteorological conditions is becoming increasingly urgent. In some cases for refueling and recharging UAVs it is advisable to use the dynamic mobile landing site (MLS) instead of the traditional stationary landing site (SLS). In the present paper we consider the setting of and solution of the control problem by the terminal landing maneuver of a UAV. It provides its transfer from the current initial state to the target final state along " flexible" kinematic trajectories both on the SLS and on the MLS. To solve the problem of automatic landing of UAV on SLS or MLS the mathematical model of the dynamics of its movement was developed. It’s based on the concept of " flexible" kinematic trajectories with spatial synchronization of controlled movements. The control algorithm by the terminal vertical landing maneuver of UAV on SLS by the method of dynamics inverse problem using the principle of " flexible" kinematic trajectories is developed. And also the control algorithm by the terminal landing maneuver of UAV on MLS by the method of dynamics inverse problems using the principles of " flexible" kinematic trajectories and aiming into the target point was also developed. Computer approbation of the synthesized control algorithms for the landing maneuver of UAV "Aerosonde" under conditions of various wind disturbances was carried out using digital modeling in the Matlab environment.
Digital Disinformation and Preventive Actions: Perceptions of Users from Argentina, Chile, and Spain
Authors: Rodríguez-Virgili Jordi , Serrano-Puche Javier , Fernández Carmen Beatriz
Published: March 2021

This article explores audience perceptions of different types of disinformation, and the actions that users take to combat them, in three Spanish-speaking countries: Argentina, Chile, and Spain. Quantitative data from the Digital News Report (2018 and 2019), based on a survey of more than 2000 digital users from each country was used for the analysis. Results show remarkable similarities among the three countries, and how digital users identically ranked the types of problematic information that concerned them most. Survey participants were most concerned by stories where facts are spun or twisted to push a particular agenda, followed by, those that are completely made up for political or commercial reasons, and finally, they were least concerned by poor journalism (factual mistakes, dumbed-down stories, misleading headlines/clickbait). A general index of “Concern about disinformation” was constructed using several sociodemographic variables that might influence the perception. It showed that the phenomenon is higher among women, older users, those particularly interested in political news, and among left-wingers. Several measures are employed by users to avoid disinformation, such as checking a number of different sources to see whether a news story is reported in the same way, relying on the reputation of the news company, and/or deciding not to share a news story due to doubts regarding its accuracy. This article concludes that the perceived relevance of different types of problematic information, and preventive actions, are not homogeneous among different population segments.
Estimativa da vulnerabilidade dos solos à erosão hídrica na bacia hidrográfica do Rio das Mortes (MG)
Authors: Silva Jaíza Ribeiro Mota e , Rodrigues Jéssica Assaid Martins , Oliveira Luiz Fernando Coutinho de , Viola Marcelo Ribeiro
Published: March 2021

A erosão hídrica é uma das maiores causas de degradação dos solos no mundo, sendo responsável por perdas de solo superiores às taxas naturais de reposição. Objetivou-se estimar a distribuição espacial do potencial anual médio de perda de solo na bacia hidrográfica do Rio das Mortes (MG), com a finalidade de identificar as áreas mais susceptíveis à erosão hídrica e fornecer subsídio para a gestão dos recursos naturais na região. Para isso, foi aplicado o modelo RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) implementado em ambiente SIG. O fator erosividade da chuva foi obtido com base em um modelo geográfico multivariado desenvolvido para o Brasil; o fator cobertura e manejo do solo foi derivado do mapa de uso do solo do Brasil; o fator erodibilidade do solo foi obtido pelo mapa de solos de Minas Gerais; e o fator topográfico foi obtido pelo modelo digital de elevação. Os mapas dos fatores foram combinados por meio de álgebra de mapas, originando o mapa de vulnerabilidade dos solos à erosão hídrica. Observou-se que 45,20% dos solos da bacia hidrográfica estudada apresentaram “Ligeira” vulnerabilidade à erosão hídrica. No entanto, 50,28% da área da bacia apresentaram perda de solo superior a 10 t ha-1 ano-1, o que indica a existência de áreas altamente susceptíveis à erosão hídrica e evidencia a necessidade de implementação de melhorias no manejo e práticas conservacionistas do solo.
Lower Portion Rupture of a Thrust Fault during the 2017 Mw 6.3 Jinghe Earthquake: Implications to Seismic Hazards in the Tian Shan Region
Authors: Hu Zongkai , Li Tao , Thompson Jobe Jessica , Yang Xiaoping
Published: March 2021

The 2017 Mw 6.3 Jinghe earthquake represents one of the few large earthquakes that are well recorded by seismic instruments and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) observations in the seismically active Tian Shan region. In this study, we use the rupture fault solution (dip, dip direction, and slip sense) from seismologic and InSAR results, along with analysis of our collected surface mapping data, to determine the subsurface fault-plane geometry of the seismogenic Jinghenan fault. This geometric model, integrated with the coseismic slip distribution from seismologic and InSAR data, reveals that: (1) the Jinghenan fault extends downward from the land surface at a dip of ∼46° S (upper ramp), then bends to ∼42° S (lower ramp) at the depth of 9–13 km; (2) the coseismic rupture is confined within the Jinghenan lower ramp, and its upper limitation is approximately coincident with the fault-bend location. This coseismic rupture pattern and seismic behavior can be broadened to other active thrust faults within the Tian Shan, suggesting that, during moderate-strong earthquakes, such faults may only rupture partially in the down-dip extension, and the unruptured fault portion remains to pose high-seismic risk in the future.
Geological and Geomorphological Evidence for Activity along the Motuo Fault, Eastern Side of the Namche Barwa Syntaxis, Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xie Chao , Zhou Bengang , Yang Fan , Li Zhengfang , Cui Yueju , Pang Wei , Li Wei
Published: March 2021

The Motuo fault (MTF) strikes along the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone on the eastern boundary of the Namche Barwa syntaxis. The movement pattern and Quaternary activity of the MTF remain unclear, which hampers efforts to undertake meaningful seismic hazard assessments near the southeastern part of the Tibetan plateau and to understand the tectonic evolution of the Namche Barwa syntaxis. In this study, the MTF is shown to feature left-lateral strike-slip movements with offset gullies and mountain ridges and appears to have ruptured during the late Pleistocene to Holocene, as evidenced from geological, paleoseismic, and radiocarbon dating investigations. Specifically, at least three surface-rupturing paleoseismic events are revealed; two events occurred after 2606 B.P. and after 18.2 ka. Combining this information with previous Global Positioning System results in southeastern Tibet, we suggest that, as a boundary fault, the MTF regulates the movements of the Namche Barwa and Chayu blocks. The velocity difference between the two blocks advancing to the north is the main mechanism of left-lateral strike-slip motion along the MTF. The accumulation and release of shear stress between the two blocks have led to strong activity along the MTF, since the late Quaternary.
From National to Transnational Seismic Monitoring Products and Services in the Republic of Bulgaria, Republic of Moldova, Romania, and Ukraine
Authors: Mărmureanu Alexandru , Ionescu Constantin , Grecu Bogdan , Toma-Danila Dragos , Tiganescu Alexandru , Neagoe Cristian , Toader Victorin , Craifaleanu Iolanda-Gabriela , Dragomir Claudiu Sorin , Meiţă Vasile , Liashchuk Oleksandr Ivanovich , Dimitrova Liliya , Ilieş Ion
Published: March 2021

The aim of this article is to analyze the background, current status, and outlook of seismic monitoring products and services in Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, and Ukraine. These countries manage seismic networks that contribute to the European Integrated Data Archive node in the framework of the Observatories and Research Facilities for European Seismology, which represents a collaborative effort in coordinating observational seismology across the European region through the collection, archiving, and dissemination of seismic waveform data, metadata, and related products. All of the aforementioned countries share a common threat: strong earthquakes occurring in the Vrancea area located in central-eastern Romania at intermediate depths (usually in the 60–180 km interval). Events such as the ones on 10 November 1940 and 4 March 1977 generated high damage in Romania, northern Bulgaria, and Moldova. In addition to Vrancea, crustal earthquakes in areas such as Shabla or Dulovo can lead to cross-border damage. Therefore, understanding the way national seismic networks are distributed, how they cooperate, and the products and services that they provide in (near) real time and their terms is of significant interest in the context of necessary hazard harmonization and joint emergency intervention and risk mitigation actions.
Attenuation and Basin Amplification Revealed by the Dense Ground Motions of the 12 July 2020 Ms 5.1 Tangshan, China, Earthquake
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Wen Ruizhi
Published: March 2021

On 12 July 2020, an Ms 5.1 moderate earthquake occurred on the north segment of the Tangshan fault in North China, which was the seismogenic fault of the 1976 Ms 7.8 Tangshan earthquake and numerous small-to-moderate earthquakes in recent decades in the Tangshan seismic zone. The Ms 5.1 event was well-recorded by dense ground-motion observation stations, including the national strong-motion stations and seismic intensity stations. This many ground-motion recordings, obtained for such a moderate event in North China for the first time, provided a rare opportunity to investigate the attenuation and site effects on ground motion. The distance decay in the Tangshan seismic zone was first explored using the spectral amplitudes from the vertical component. The strong anelastic attenuation and weak geometrical spreading effects were clearly found. The hinged trilinear form may be more effective at describing the geometrical spreading. No geometrical spreading decay was visible at medium distances (60–100 km). Anomalous areas with extraordinary high amplitudes occurred in the spatial distribution of peak ground accelerations and peak ground velocities that we attribute to significant basin amplification effects, which was confirmed by the wideband and high amplifications on the standard spectral ratio and the later-arriving, long-period surface waves observed in waveforms in the Ninghe–Baodi area and south of Beijing. The basin-induced surface waves in the 2–5 s period were most prominent in the Ninghe–Baodi area. We further inferred that basin effects may be responsible for the high-intensity anomaly areas observed in the 1976 Ms 7.8 Tangshan earthquake.
Практические рекомендации по лекарственному лечению рака молочной железы
Authors: Стенина М. Б. , Жукова Л. Г. , Королева И. А. , Пароконная А. А. , Семиглазова Т. Ю. , Тюляндин С. А. , Фролова М. А.
Published: March 2021

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Практические рекомендации по лекарственному лечению рака мочевого пузыря
Authors: Гладков О. А. , Матвеев В. Б. , Митин Т. , Носов Д. А. , Попов А. М.
Published: March 2021

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Практические рекомендации по лекарственному лечению рака предстательной железы
Authors: Носов Д. А. , Волкова М. И. , Гладков О. А. , Карабина Е. В. , Крылов В. В. , Матвеев В. Б. , Митин Т. , Попов А. М.
Published: March 2021

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Spanish Society of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (SEAIC) Vision of Drug Provocation Tests
Authors:   Spanish Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (Drug Allergy Committee), Audicana MT , Ortega N , Lobera T , Blanca-López N , De la Parte B , García I , Gelis S , Martín J , Barranco R , Vila C , Laguna JJ
Published: March 2021

The controlled drug provocation test (DPT) is currently considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of drug allergy. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are an increasingly common presenting complaint in both primary and specialized care. In Spain, ADRs are usually assessed via the allergology department, which rules out immunological mechanisms in up to 90% of cases. An adequate approach to ADRs clearly impacts the costs and efficacy of the treatments prescribed by other specialists. Consequently, if we did not use DPTs, patients would require more expensive, more toxic, and less effective treatments in many cases. In recent years, many new drugs have been developed. This document is intended to be a practical guideline for the management of DPTs according to the vision of the Spanish Allergology Society. The diagnostic work-up begins with a detailed clinical history. Skin tests are only useful for some medications, and in most cases the diagnosis can only be confirmed by DPT. Although cross-reactivity is common, DPTs can confirm the diagnosis and help to find an alternative drug. Programmed individualized patient management based on the type of drug to be studied and the patient's comorbidities usually enables a solution to be found in most cases.
A New Three-parameter Xgamma Fréchet Distribution with Different Methods of Estimation and Applications
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Ibrahim , Handique Laba , Chakraborty Subrata , Butt Nadeem Shafique , M. Yousof Haitham
Published: March 2021

In this article an attempt is made to introduce a new extension of the Fréchet model called the Xgamma Fréchet model. Some of its properties are derived. The estimation of the parameters via different estimation methods are discussed. The performances of the proposed estimation methods are investigated through simulations as well as real life data sets. The potentiality of the proposed model is established through modelling of two real life data sets. The results have shown clear preference for the proposed model compared to several know competing ones.
Método Paideia: análisis y cogestión de colectivos
Authors: Campos Gastão Wagner de Sousa
Published: March 2021

Paideia es un concepto originario del período griego clásico, que reconoce la necesidad y la posibilidad de que los seres humanos vivan un proceso continuo de formación y de educación para la vida. Se trata de una pedagogía que se asienta en el propio existir, en construir una capacidad de reflexionar sobre sí y sobre los acontecimientos; una reflexión que deriva de una convivencia colectiva en la que todos son eternos aprendices y maestros que colaboran en el aprendizaje del otro: a eso denominamos apoyo institucional y matricial. Este libro aplica la teoría Paideia a la política, a la cogestión y la democracia, al gobierno de las instituciones, al trabajo en general y a la clínica en particular, a una clínica ampliada y compartida. Paideia es la utopía de una sociedad más fuerte que el Estado, de equipos corresponsables de la gestión de organizaciones y, además, de pacientes, familias y comunidades capaces de compartir la producción de salud, en las que el saber y la práctica de las y los profesionales de la salud dialoguen con el conocimiento concreto sobre la vida de las personas. Paideia es una anticipación de lo que serán a futuro los sistemas y el trabajo en salud, en el caso de que prevalezca la democracia.
Anticancer Properties of Fluorinated Aminophenylhydrazines on A549 Lung Carcinoma Cell Line
Authors: SAK Zafer Hasan Ali , SÜZERGÖZ Faruk , KASUMOV Veli Tarık , GÜROL Ali Osman
Published: March 2021

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is responsible for up to 85% of deaths associated with lung cancer. Chemotherapy is still an important treatment method on the treatment of inoperable cases. In this study, the anticancer properties of a series of Schiff bases were tested on the A549 cell line representing NSCLC.
Methods: Fluorinated Schiff bases (compounds 1-6) were synthesized based on 2-amino phenylhydrazines and benzaldehydes containing fluorine were used. The cytotoxic effects of the compounds on the A549 cell line were determined by colorimetric MTT assay and the antiproliferative effects of the compounds on the A549 cell line by the CFSE method. To demonstrate the development of apoptosis, cleaved caspase-3 expression in cells was tested using the immunofluorescence method. Morphological changes indicating apoptosis in cells were determined by histopathological staining methods (H & E, giemza, PAP).
Results: The strongest cytotoxic effect on A549 lung cancer cells was obtained with compound 6 (IC50: 0.64 μM) containing 5 fluorine atoms. The strongest antiproliferative effect on A549 cells was achieved with compound 5 (PI: 4.95) carrying 2 fluorine atoms. Apoptosis induction was effective in cell death. In addition to cleaved caspase-3 expression, chromatin condensation, marginalization, and apoptotic bodies were observed in the cells.
Conclusion: Some of the compounds tested showed high cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects, indicating that these compounds could be potential chemotherapeutic agent candidates for lung cancer. The result of immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical analysis showing that the cytotoxic effects have been induced by apoptosis is an important advantage.
Re-Emergence of Measles in the European Countries; another Challenge in Hand: Highlight from Italy
Authors: MUSA Taha Hussein , AHMAD Tauseef , HUI Jin , WEI Pingmin
Published: March 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Influence of Endometriosis on Sexual Satisfaction and Pain Intensity: Does Pain Make a Difference?
Authors: YOUSEFLU Samaneh , NIROOMAND Soudabeh , ROSHANZADEH Ghazall , KAZEMNEJAD Anoshirvan , JAHANIAN SADATMAHALLEH Shahideh
Published: March 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
A clinical case of rhinogenous orbit phlegmon in a four months old infant
Authors:   Mechnikov Northwest State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russia,  Saint Petersburg, 191015, Russia, Alekseenko S. I. ,   Rauchfuss Children’s Municipal Multidisciplinary Clinical Center for High Medical Technologies,  Saint-Petersburg, 193036, Russia, Molchanova M. V. ,   Mechnikov Northwest State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russia,  Saint Petersburg, 191015, Russia,   Rauchfuss Children’s Municipal Multidisciplinary Clinical Center for High Medical Technologies,  Saint-Petersburg, 193036, Russia, Artyushkin S. A. ,   Mechnikov Northwest State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russia,  Saint Petersburg, 191015, Russia, Malinovskaya N. A. ,   Mechnikov Northwest State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russia,  Saint Petersburg, 191015, Russia,   Rauchfuss Children’s Municipal Multidisciplinary Clinical Center for High Medical Technologies,  Saint-Petersburg, 193036, Russia, Kopylov V. V. ,   Rauchfuss Children’s Municipal Multidisciplinary Clinical Center for High Medical Technologies,  Saint-Petersburg, 193036, Russia,   Saint Petersburg State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russia,  Saint-Petersburg, 194100, Russia
Published: March 2021

In spite of scientific achievements in diagnostics and treatment of the diseases of nose and paranasal sinuses in children, this problem remains important. Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis occupies one of the leading positions among ENT diseases in terms of seeking medical care, and often results in the development of orbital and intracranial complications. Rhinogenic orbital complications in children occur more frequently than in adults, where 10–22% are purulent-septic orbital processes with a possible outcome of blindness. The article presents a clinical case of acute purulent rhinosinusitis complicated with a right orbit phlegmon in a four months old infant. Timely diagnosis, early surgical treatment made it possible to stop the inflammatory process, to avoid the development of more severe complications. The specific features of diagnostics and treatment of acute rhinosinusitis in infants, occurring with orbital complications, predetermines the need for an interdisciplinary approach of doctors of different specialties.
Functional state of the nasal cavity after endoscopic septoplasty
Authors:   First Pavlov State Medical University,  Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia, Karpishchenko S. A. ,   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Aleksandrov A. N. ,   First Pavlov State Medical University,  Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia, Shakhnazarov A. E. ,   First Pavlov State Medical University,  Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia, Fatalieva A. F. ,   First Pavlov State Medical University,  Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia, Kucherenko M. E. ,   First Pavlov State Medical University,  Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia
Published: March 2021

Septoplasty is one of the three most frequently performed operations in otorhinolaryngology. The history of the development has more than 200 years. The research and analysis of the features of different methods of this surgical treatment does not lose interest to this day. The article presents an analysis of the restoration of the functions of the nasal cavity after septoplasty. The research included 96 patients with various types of nasal septum deformities. The age range of patients ranged from 19 to 54 years. All patients had nasal septum correction under general anesthesia. Patients were divided into 2 groups. The 1st group included 64 patients who had endoscopic septoplasty. The 2nd control group consisted of 43 patients with the same pathology who underwent classical septoplasty without optical control. Dynamic observation was carried out before surgical treatment, on the 7th day, 1, 3, 6, 12 months after surgery. The aim of the research was to estimate the functional status of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity after surgery, the time of the operation, as well as long-term postoperative complications if any. The following diagnostic measures there were: complaints, otorhinolaryngological examination by using endoscopic techniques, anterior active rhinomanometry on the Rinolan device (manufactured by Lana-Medica), measurement of mucociliary transport time using the saccharin test. Comparative analysis of groups of patients showed no significant difference in the restoration of nasal cavity functions. However, performing septoplasty using endoscopic technique reduces the time of surgery and the percentage of complications in contrast to the classical septum surgery
inovação das práticas pedagógicas com uso de tecnologias digitais no ensino superior
Authors: Riedner Daiani Damm Tonetto , Pischetola Magda
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo discute o conceito de inovação nas práticas pedagógicas, apresentando as percepções de professores e de estudantes sobre práticas inovadoras com uso de tecnologias digitais. Tem-se como fundamentação teórica uma pesquisa sobre práticas pedagógicas inovadoras com uso de tecnologias digitais em cursos de formação inicial de professores, cujo objetivo foi a identificação de tais práticas, bem como de suas características e seus contextos dentro do cenário institucional. O design metodológico desta pesquisa seguiu o seguinte fluxo: revisão de bibliografia, análise dos projetos de curso, aplicação e análise de questionários e de entrevistas. A base empírica do estudo aqui apresentado foi construída por meio dos dados de 220 respondentes de um questionário online e de 45 entrevistas semiestruturadas aplicadas para estudantes e professores dos cursos de licenciatura de uma Instituição Pública de Ensino Superior. As análises indicam que a inovação das práticas pedagógicas com tecnologias digitais está atrelada a três elementos: contexto institucional favorável, currículo dos cursos e, principalmente, formação continuada dos professores. Conclui-se que a inovação parece corresponder, então, a uma mudança cultural que envolve apropriação de conceitos e práticas relacionadas ao uso pedagógico dessas tecnologias.
Inteligência artificial e virtualização em ambientes virtuais de ensino e aprendizagem
Authors: Santos Sanval Ebert de Freitas , Jorge Eduardo Manuel de Freitas , Winkler Ingrid
Published: March 2021

Dentre as tecnologias que a transformação digital apresenta, a Inteligência Artificial (IA) e a Virtualização estão entre as que mais impactam as relações sociais e de produção em diversas áreas, tais como finanças, varejo, mobilidade, saúde e educação. Nesta última se destacam os ambientes virtuais que são utilizados como ferramenta didática nas relações de ensino e aprendizagem.  Este artigo tem o objetivo de discutir as técnicas de inteligência artificial e virtualização incorporadas em Ambientes Virtuais de Ensino e Aprendizagem (AVEAs) a partir da descrição do surgimento da ferramenta, seguindo pela evolução frente aos desafios e perspectivas tecnológicas de ensino na educação online, seja na modalidade presencial, semipresencial ou à distância. Para tanto, será apresentado uma linha de evolução estruturada a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica de natureza descritiva, fundamentada por artigos científicos que discutem a temática e relaciona os aspectos didáticos e tecnológicos enfatizando a concepção, aplicação e desafios da arte de ensinar através de ciberespaços como os ambientes virtuais. Por fim se conceitua e discute as técnicas de inteligência artificial e virtualização, bem como sua incorporação em ambientes virtuais e relevância no processo de inovação das relações de ensino e aprendizagem.
Community Health Workers as a Strategy to Tackle Psychosocial Suffering due to Physical Distancing: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Vanden Bossche Dorien , Lagaert Susan , Willems Sara , Decat Peter
Published: March 2021

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic some family physicians were overburdened and experienced difficulties reaching vulnerable patients and meeting the increased need for psycho-social support. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) tested whether a primary healthcare (PHC) based community health worker (CHW) intervention could tackle psychosocial suffering due to physical distancing measures in patients with limited social networks. Methods: CHWs provided 8 weeks of tailored psychosocial support to the intervention group. Control group patients received ‘care as usual’. The impact on feelings of emotional support, social isolation, social participation, anxiety and fear of COVID-19 were measured longitudinally using a face-to-face survey to determine their mean change from baseline. Self-rated change in psychosocial health at 8 weeks was determined. Results: We failed to find a significant effect of the intervention on the prespecified psychosocial health measures. However, the intervention did lead to significant improvement in self-rated change in psychosocial health. Conclusions: This study confirms partially the existing evidence on the effectiveness of CHW in-terventions as a strategy to address mental health in PHC in a COVID context. Further research is needed to elaborate the implementation of CHWs in PHC to reach vulnerable populations during and after health crises.
STEGOSAUR TRACK ASSEMBLAGE FROM XINJIANG, CHINA, FEATURING THE SMALLEST KNOWN STEGOSAUR RECORD
Authors: XING LIDA , LOCKLEY MARTIN G. , PERSONS W. SCOTT , KLEIN HENDRIK , ROMILIO ANTHONY , WANG DONGHAO , WANG MIAOYAN
Published: March 2021

Tracks attributable to small ornithischian dinosaurs (thyreophorans and cerapodans) are generally rare in comparison with those representing large individuals. Here we report a presumed stegosaur track (ichnogenus Deltapodus) only 5.7 cm long originating from the Lower Cretaceous Tugulu Group of Xinjiang Province, China, co-occurring with the tracks of larger individuals. This track is only 15% as long as the type of Deltapodus curriei from the same locality. This is the smallest convincing example of a Deltapodus currently known. Reports of purported diminutive stegosaur tracks from the Jurassic of North America have been refuted. A review of well-known ornithischian track ichnogenera reveals that small tracks, less than 11.0–12.0 cm are rare, with only one previous report of a Deltapodus only 8.0 cm long. Most other reported tracks of these ichnogenera represent large individuals with footprint lengths mostly in the range of 30–50 cm. The scarcity of small ornithischian tracks contrasts with the relative abundance of small theropod tracks. The reasons for this paucity of small ornithischian tracks may be due to paleobiological (ontogenetic or paleoecological) or non-paleobiological (preservational) factors.
The Effects of Particle Segregation on Debris Flow Fluidity Over a Rigid Bed
Authors: Hotta Norifumi , Iwata Tomoyuki , Suzuki Takuro , Sakai Yuichi
Published: March 2021

It is essential to consider the fluidity of a debris flow front when calculating its impact. Here we flume-tested mono-granular and bi-granular debris flows and compared the results to those of numerical simulations. We used sand particles with diameters of 0.29 and 0.14 cm at two mixing ratios of 1:1 and 3:7. Particle segregation was recorded with a high-speed video camera. We evaluated the fronts of debris flows at 0.5-second intervals. Then we numerically simulated one-dimensional debris flows under the same conditions and used the mean particle diameter when simulating mixed-diameter flows. For the mono-granular debris flows, the experimental and simulated results showed good agreement in terms of flow depth, front velocity, and flux. However, for the bi-granular debris flows, the simulated flow depth was less, and both the front velocity and flux were greater than those found experimentally. These differences may be attributable to the fact that the dominant shear stress was caused by the concentration of smaller sediment particles in the lower flow layers; such inverse gradations were detected in the debris flow bodies. Under these conditions, most shear stress is supported by smaller particles in the lower layers; the debris flow characteristics become similar to those of mono-granular flows, in contrast to the numerical simulation, which incorporated particle segregation with gradually decreasing mean diameter from the front to the flow body. Consequently, the calculated front velocities were underestimated; particle segregation at the front of the bi-granular debris flows did not affect fluidity either initially or over time.
Protocol for detection of bacterial proteins involved in efflux mediated antibiotic resistance (ARE) and their sub-families
Authors: Pandey Deeksha , Kumari Bandana , Singhal Neelja , Kumar Manish
Published: March 2021

This protocol describes a method for detection of bacterial proteins involved in efflux mediated antibiotic resistance (ARE) and their sub-families as described in the research paper entitled "BacEffluxPred: A two-tier system to predict and categorize bacterial efflux mediated antibiotic resistance proteins” published in Scientific Reports. BacEffluxPred is a support vector machine based two-tier prediction method, that can be used for the detection of efflux proteins responsible for antibiotic resistance in bacteria and to identify the families to which it belongs. The overall prediction cycle includes three important steps: 1) The query protein is presented to the prediction algorithm. 2) If the query protein would be predicted to be a non-ARE protein, the prediction would stop at tier-I.3) If the query protein would be predicted as an ARE protein at the tier-I, the query protein would be forwarded to tier-II for ARE family prediction. By using these steps it is possible to generate the models that can be used on proteomic data to predict whether the given data have potential ARE proteins or not if yes it will further classified into their following families. This is the first in-silico tool for predicting bacterial ARE proteins and their families and it is freely available as both web-server and standalone versions at http://proteininformatics.org/mkumar/baceffluxpred/
Determination of poultry manure and plant residues effects on Zn bioavailable fraction in contaminated soil via DGT technique
Authors: Mohseni Amir , Heidari Saber , Raei Bijan , Moftakharzadeh Seyed Adel , Bidast Solmaz
Published: March 2021

A greenhouse experiment was aimed at assessing the effects of poultry manure, sorghum, and clover residues (0 and 15 g kg− 1) on the zinc (Zn) bioavailable fraction in contaminated calcareous soil using two chemical assay, including diffusion gradient in thin films (DGT) and diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid-triethanolamine (DTPA-TEA), and a bioassay with corn (Zea mase L.). The results showed that poultry manure, clover, and sorghum residues application increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by 53.6 and 36.1, and 9.2%, respectively, with respect to unamended soils, as well as decreasing soil pH by 0.42, 0.26, and 0.06 units, respectively. These changes did result in increases of Zn effective concentration (CE) and DTPA-Zn, and plant Zn concentration as a result of the increased exchangeable form of Zn. In the sorghum residues-amended soils, a reverse trend was observed for CE-Zn compared to the DTPA method. Correlation analyses revealed that unlike CE-Zn, DTPA-Zn had a significant positive correlation with organic fractions that can be considered as an equivalent to the fact that the DTPA method had been overestimated Zn available to the plant. The best correlations between corn metal concentrations and soil metal bioavailability were obtained for CE-Zn using DGT technique, which also provided the best Zn bioavailability estimate. It is concluded that sorghum residues could be used to reduce the phytotoxicity risk of Zn in calcareous contaminated soil, and DTPA method is the less robust indicator of Zn bioavailability than DGT technique.
Developing Health and Wellbeing in Prisons: an Analysis of Prison Inspection Reports in Scotland
Authors: Woodall James , Freeman Charlotte
Published: March 2021

Background: The Scottish Prison Service (SPS) has been long regarded for its progressive policy approach to health promotion in prison. It is one of the few countries with a strategic plan for health promotion implementation. Given the paucity of understanding in relation to the concept of a health promoting prison, this study assessed routinely collected prison inspection data to understand and distil learning in regard the practical implementation of health-promoting prisons. Methods: Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons for Scotland (HMIPS) oversees the independent inspection of all prisons. This study analysed openly accessible inspection reports from a public repository. The sample was limited to inspection reports using the 2018 revised Standards to ensure comparability between reports. Eight unique inspection reports meeting this criterion were downloaded between January and October 2020. Data from the reports which focused on ‘health and wellbeing’ – a discrete section in each report – were analysed using NVivo 12.Results: Results are presented against the values and principles outlined in the SPS’ own framework for promoting health in prison. All of the institution reports contained evidence of fairness and justice in their prison and understandings of health inequalities were recognised by staff. There were also examples of mutual (peer) support between people in prison; good relationships between staff and prisoners; and strong health promotion leadership. Conversely, some environmental conditions hindered the development of health promotion – this included staffing shortages and some practices fostering health inequity. Even where a prison was reported as having health promotion activities in place these were focused on a narrow range of individual risk factors such as smoking cessation or substance misuse. Far less attention was paid to wider health determinants. Conclusions: Scotland has been at the forefront of attempts to embed a health promoting prison philosophy in their justice system. Inspection data focusing on ‘health and wellbeing’ were analysed, but the analysis suggests that more could be done to ensure a health promoting setting. The way prisons inspectors are assessing health and wellbeing is very narrow, with the focus exclusively on healthcare without a wider appreciation of how other areas of prison life can impact.
Comparison of Different Total Ionic Strength Adjustment Buffer Compositions for Determination of Low Level Fluoride in Environmental Water Samples with Fluoride Ion Selective Electrode
Authors: Forsido Tedlaye , Ndibewu Peter
Published: March 2021

Background

Fluoride content of environmental water samples collected from the vicinity of Pilanesberg National Park was determined using a fluoride ion selective electrode (F−ISE). Different total ionic strength adjustment buffers (TISABs) EDTA, CDTA, Citrate and Acetate buffers, were compared for their effectiveness in releasing fluorine into the solution in its ionic form, by adjusting the pH and ionic strength of the solution, as well as by chelating polyvalent cations present in the samples. Nine water samples were collected from different sites around the park, where there is a decommissioned fluorspar mine, and an extinct volcano; for fluoride content. Quantification was carried out by means of multipoint calibration covering the range of interest in all treatments.
Result

The fluoride concentration was calculated using the Nernest equation with values obtained from the calibration graph. It was found that CDTA and EDTA buffers were the best TISABs as they produced a better linearity, slope and recovery in that order, where as the other acetate also produced better parameters and results than the untreated water samples.
Conclusion

CDTA and EDTA TISAB solutions perform better than the others for fluoride content determination from environmental water samples.
Effects of Phosphorus Level on Quality Traits and Quality-Related Enzymatic Activity in Lettuce
Authors: Ma Guang-Shu , Lian Hua
Published: March 2021

In this experiment, we studied the effects of the application of various amounts phosphorus on the quality traits and quality-related enzyme activity in lettuce. When we supplied lettuce with 0.3 mmol/L or 0.4 mmol/L phosphorus, the yield was higher than that of the control. In addition, the quality traits were better, the nitrate content was lower and the nitrate reductase, catalase and ascorbic acid oxidase activities were higher in these plants than in the control. In addition, the chlorophyll content was higher, and the root activity was stronger, in plants supplied with 0.3 or 0.4 mM/L phosphorus than in the control. These results suggest that the application of 0.3 or 0.4 mM/L phosphorus to lettuce is optimal for plant growth.
Standardized excitable elements for scalable engineering of far-from-equilibrium chemical networks
Authors: Schaffter Samuel , Chen Kuan-Lin , O'Brien Jackson , Noble Madeline , Murugan Arvind , Schulman Rebecca
Published: March 2021

Engineered far-from-equilibrium synthetic chemical networks that pulse or switch states in response to environmental signals could precisely regulate the kinetics of chemical synthesis or self-assembly pathways. Currently, such networks must be extensively tuned to compensate for the different activities of and unintended reactions between different network chemical elements. Elements with standardized performance would allow rapid construction of networks with designed functions. Here we develop standardized excitable chemical elements, termed genelets, and use them to construct complex in vitro transcriptional networks. We develop a protocol for identifying >15 interchangeable genelet regulatory elements with uniform performance and minimal crosstalk. These elements can be combined to engineer feedforward and feedback modules whose dynamics are predicted by a simple kinetic model. We show modules can be rationally integrated and reorganized into networks that produce tunable temporal pulses and act as multi-state switchable memories. Standardized genelet elements, and the workflow to identify more, should make engineering complex far-from-equilibrium chemical dynamics routine.
Stability of Gamma-valerolactone Under Pulping Conditions as a Basis for Process Optimization and Chemical Recovery
Authors: Granatier Marianna , Schlapp-Hackl Inge , Lê Huy Quang , Nieminen Kaarlo , Sixta Herbert
Published: March 2021

This study investigates the extent of the g-valerolactone (GVL) hydrolysis forming an equilibrium with 4-hydroxyvaleric acid (4-HVA) in aqueous solutions over a wide pH range. The hydrolysis of pure 50 wt% GVL to 4-HVA (3.5 mol%) was observed only at elevated temperatures. The addition of sulfuric acid (0.2×10-5 wt% to 6 wt%) at elevated temperatures (150 – 180°C) and reaction times between 30-180 min caused the formation of 4 mol% 4-HVA but with decreasing acidity, the 4-HVA remained constant at about 3 mol%. The hydrolysis reactions in alkaline conditions were conducted at constant time (30 min) and temperature (180 °C) with variation of the NaOH concentration (0.2×10-6 wt% to 7 wt%). The addition of less than 0.2 wt % of NaOH resulted in the formation of less than 4 mol% of sodium 4-hydroxyvalerate. A maximum amount of 21 mol% of 4-HVA was observed in a 7 wt% NaOH solution. The stability after synthesis was determined by NMR analysis. To verify the GVL stability results obtained under practical conditions, Betula pendula sawdust was fractionated in 50% GVL with and without addition of H2SO4 or NaOH at 180°C and 120 min, and spent liquor was analyzed. The spent liquor contained 5.6 mol% and 6.0 mol% of 4-HVA in a highly acidic (20 kg H2SO4/t wood) and alkaline (192 kg NaOH/ t wood) environment, respectively.
Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase Deficiency: A Pediatric Case Report
Authors: cao jiaying , xu lu , pan jiahua
Published: March 2021

Background: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) deficiency is a rare disorder of glucose metabolism, mainly revealed by hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis. The disease is caused by a mutation of FBP1 gene, which is clustered in a 31-kb region on chromosome 9q22. Case presentation: We described a two-and-half-year-old boy diagnosed as FBPase deficiency. The result of gene analysis showed that the patient had a compound heterozygote for the G164S and P308R, respectively inherited from his father and mother. To some degree, mutations are associated with activity of enzyme, which is corresponding to the level of glucose and extent of brain damage. Patients are advised to reduce intake of fructose and sucrose and avoid long-term fasting in order to reduce the risk of metabolic decompensation. Conclusions: This report would like to provide profound insights of FBPase deficiency.