bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The rationale of a two-point workability test
Authors: Tattersall G. H.
Published: July 2012

Synopsis

There is a considerable amount of evidence to show that fresh concrete behaves as a Bingham material and therefore measurements at at least two rates of shear are needed to characterize it. The present workability tests are single-point tests and they are therefore inadequate. The very limited circumstances under which they are of some value are discussed. A simple test based on measurement of power input to a mixer at several speeds is described.
A partial kinking yield criterion for reinforced concrete slabs
Authors: Mills G. M.
Published: July 2012

Synopsis

By considering steel bearing on concrete at the edge of the yield-line crack as equivalent to a beam all all elasto-plastic foundation, it is shown theoretically that enhancement of the resistance moment due to kinking of the steel reinforcement is unlikely to exceed 10%. Some experimental results are reported which appear to confirm the validity of the bearing effect. Also reported is a series of 30 slab tests with reinforccment placed at angles of up to 52° to the yield line for which the failure moments are consistent with those predicted by the proposed theory.
A physiological trait‐based approach to predicting the responses of species to experimental climate warming
Authors: Diamond Sarah E. , Nichols Lauren M. , McCoy Neil , Hirsch Christopher , Pelini Shannon L. , Sanders Nathan J. , Ellison Aaron M. , Gotelli Nicholas J. , Dunn Robert R.
Published: July 2012

Physiological tolerance of environmental conditions can influence species‐level responses to climate change. Here, we used species‐specific thermal tolerances to predict the community responses of ant species to experimental forest‐floor warming at the northern and southern boundaries of temperate hardwood forests in eastern North America. We then compared the predictive ability of thermal tolerance vs. correlative species distribution models (SDMs) which are popular forecasting tools for modeling the effects of climate change. Thermal tolerances predicted the responses of 19 ant species to experimental climate warming at the southern site, where environmental conditions are relatively close to the ants' upper thermal limits. In contrast, thermal tolerances did not predict the responses of the six species in the northern site, where environmental conditions are relatively far from the ants' upper thermal limits. Correlative SDMs were not predictive at either site. Our results suggest that, in environments close to a species' physiological limits, physiological trait‐based measurements can successfully forecast the responses of species to future conditions. Although correlative SDMs may predict large‐scale responses, such models may not be accurate for predicting site‐level responses.
Consistency and sensitivity of stream periphyton community structural and functional responses to nutrient enrichment
Authors: Nelson Craig E. , Bennett Danuta M. , Cardinale Bradley J.
Published: July 2012

Eutrophication remains one of the foremost impacts of industrialization and population expansion on aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Selecting metrics for assessing the manner in which communities and biogeochemical processes respond to nutrient fertilization is an ongoing management challenge critical both for detecting changes and for monitoring recovery of impaired environments. A key limitation to the selection of response variables is the lack of consistent evaluation of metrics under the same conditions in multiple systems across ecoregions. Here we report the results of nutrient‐diffusing agar fertilization experiments conducted simultaneously in 30 streams in two distinct ecoregions of California, USA: the mountainous Sierra Nevada and the coastal chaparral of Santa Barbara county. In each experiment we evaluated algal community shifts across five nutrient delivery rates using multiple response variables at the ecosystem process (respiration and primary production), community (biomass and diversity metrics), functional group (nitrogen fixing, growth form, nutrient adaptation), and taxonomic group (indicator species, genera, families) levels of ecological organization. We used mixed‐effect general linear models to quantify the magnitude, sensitivity, and consistency of responses among streams within and across ecoregions to provide an objective assessment of the potential for each variable to describe and detect significant changes in algal community characteristics. Our results indicate that ecosystem‐ and community‐level variables showed significant and consistent nutrient responses among diverse streams and across the two ecoregions, while indicator taxa and functional groups were less likely to respond consistently to nutrient enrichment. We discuss the relevance of our findings to the ongoing development of monitoring and bioassessment strategies for aquatic eutrophication.
Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Hepatitis C in a Survey of Female Sex Workers in the North-East of Italy
Authors: Zermiani Monica , Mengoli Carlo , Rimondo Claudia , Galvan Umberto , Cruciani Mario , Serpelloni Giovanni
Published: July 2012

A key issue in the prevention and control of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) is to provide access to health centres, and in diagnosing and treating STD. The present study is aimed to assess the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a population of immigrant female sex workers (FSWs). We conducted a cross sectional survey of FSWs working in Verona, North-eastern Italy. Screening test included serology for STDs [including Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), syphilis and Hepatitis B virus (HBV)] and hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Sixteen out of 345 (4.6%) street FSWs screened during 1999-2007 resulted positive for HIV, 12 (3.5%) were positive for HBsAg, 7 (2.0%) were positive for syphilis serological test, and 3 (0.9%) were positive for HCV. Comparison of the prevalence data between women from Africa (286/345, 82.8%) and other countries showed no statistical difference for HIV infection (R.R. 1.44; 95% CI, 0.34-6.19) and for presence of HBsAg (R.R. 2.27; 95% CI, 0.30-17.24). The positivity of syphilis serologic tests had a lower prevalence among African FSWs (mostly coming from Nigeria) than among FSWs from Eastern Europe (57/345, 16.5%). This difference was statistically significant (R.R. 0.03; 95% CI, 0.00-0.28). The prevalence of HIV infection increased with age (p=0.04, by chi2 for trend analysis), but not with the time worked as sex workers in Italy. Moreover, the presence of any of the screened infections was predictable by both age and earlier time of immigration by way of logistic multivariable regression.

The prevalence of HIV and HBsAg was higher in the whole analyzed cohort compared to the general population; prevalence of syphilis was significantly higher in FSWs from Eastern Europe than in FSWs from Africa. HCV prevalence remains low among non intravenous drug abuser FSWs. The data offers a starting point to address targeted intervention that would prevent FSWs acquiring and transmitting STDs.
GSH or Palmitate Preserves Mitochondrial Energetic/Redox Balance, Preventing Mechanical Dysfunction in Metabolically Challenged Myocytes/Hearts From Type 2 Diabetic Mice
Authors: Tocchetti Carlo G. , Caceres Viviane , Stanley Brian A. , Xie Chaoqin , Shi Sa , Watson Walter H. , O’Rourke Brian , Spadari-Bratfisch Regina C. , Cortassa Sonia , Akar Fadi G. , Paolocci Nazareno , Aon Miguel A.
Published: July 2012

In type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia and increased sympathetic drive may alter mitochondria energetic/redox properties, decreasing the organelle’s functionality. These perturbations may prompt or sustain basal low-cardiac performance and limited exercise capacity. Yet the precise steps involved in this mitochondrial failure remain elusive. Here, we have identified dysfunctional mitochondrial respiration with substrates of complex I, II, and IV and lowered thioredoxin-2/glutathione (GSH) pools as the main processes accounting for impaired state 4→3 energetic transition shown by mitochondria from hearts of type 2 diabetic db/db mice upon challenge with high glucose (HG) and the β-agonist isoproterenol (ISO). By mimicking clinically relevant conditions in type 2 diabetic patients, this regimen triggers a major overflow of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from mitochondria that directly perturbs cardiac electro-contraction coupling, ultimately leading to heart dysfunction. Exogenous GSH or, even more so, the fatty acid palmitate rescues basal and β-stimulated function in db/db myocyte/heart preparations exposed to HG/ISO. This occurs because both interventions provide the reducing equivalents necessary to counter mitochondrial ROS outburst and energetic failure. Thus, in the presence of poor glycemic control, the diabetic patient’s inability to cope with increased cardiac work demand largely stems from mitochondrial redox/energetic disarrangements that mutually influence each other, leading to myocyte or whole-heart mechanical dysfunction.
Mid-Holocene Dates for Organic-Rich Sediment, Palustrine Shell, and Charcoal from Southern Iraq
Authors: Hritz Carrie , Pournelle Jennifer , Smith Jennifer , Albadran Badir , Issa Bushra Majeed , Al-Handal Adil
Published: July 2012

We present the results of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating of 11 samples collected from 4 locations in southern Iraq. As a result of the hiatus in fieldwork in that region since 1990, and the antiquity of the majority of archaeological excavations conducted there, the record of14C dates for southern Mesopotamia is patchy for all periods. This is especially true for the mid-Holocene, when the world's oldest and longest-sustained urban system first emerged there. The dates here reported not only make a significant contribution to available dates for this important region and period; they fill specific gaps in crucial geographic coverage, and shed light on the extent of marshland boundaries and the antiquity of settlement at key urban centers.
Poly(imide)/Organically-Modified Montmorillonite Nanocomposite as a Potential Membrane for Alkaline Fuel Cells
Authors: Battirola Liliane C. , Gasparotto Luiz H. S. , Rodrigues-Filho Ubirajara P. , Tremiliosi-Filho Germano
Published: July 2012

In this work we evaluated the potentiality of a poly(imide) (PI)/organically-modified montmorillonite (O-MMT) nanocomposite membrane for the use in alkaline fuel cells. Both X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy revealed a good dispersion of O-MMT into the PI matrix and preservation of the O-MMT layered structure. When compared to the pure PI, the addition of O-MMT improved thermal stability and markedly increased the capability of absorbing electrolyte and ionic conductivity of the composite. The results show that the PI/O-MMT nanocomposite is a promising candidate for alkaline fuel cell applications.
Effect of Exercise Therapy on Lipid Parameters in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease on Hemodialysis
Authors: Gordon Lorenzo , McGrowder Donovan A , Pena Yeiny T , Cabrera Elsa , Lawrence-Wright Marilyn
Published: July 2012

Background: Dyslipidemia has been established as a well-known traditional risk factor for cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease patients.

Aim: This study investigated the impact of Hatha yoga exercise on lipid parameters in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis.

Materials and Methods: This prospective randomized study consisted of 33 ESRD patients in the Hatha yoga exercise group that was matched with 35 ESRD patients in the control group. Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol were determined at baseline (0 month) and after 4 months.

Results: Comparing values after 4 months versus baseline in the prehemodialysis Hatha yoga exercise group, there was found a significant decrease in total cholesterol from 5.126 ± 0.092 mmol/l to 4.891 ± 0.072 mmol/l (-4.58%; P = 0.0001), triglycerides from 2.699 ± 0.078 mmol/l to 2.530 ± 0.063 mmol/l (-6.26%; P = 0.0001), LDL-cholesterol from 2.729 ± 0.083 mmol/l to 2.420 ± 0.066 mmol/l (-11.32%; P = 0.0001), and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio from 5.593 ± 0.119 mmol/l to 4.907 ± 0.116 mmol/l (-12.26%; P = 0.047). For patients in the Hatha yoga exercise group, 51.5% had normal total cholesterol at 0 month while 70.0% had normal total cholesterol (P <0.05)after 4 four months and 54.5% of patients had normal LDL-cholesterol at 0 month while 84.9% had normal LDL-cholesterol after 4 months (P <0.05).

Conclusion: These findings suggest that Hatha yoga exercise has preventive and beneficial effects and may be a safe therapeutic modality in ESRD patients.
Asymptomatic Distant Subcutaneous Metastases Detected by 18 F-FDG-PET/CT in a Patient with Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Manohar Kuruva , Mittal Bhagwant , Bhattacharya Anish , Singh Gurpreet
Published: July 2012

Cutaneous metastases from internal malignancies are rare with a reported incidence between 0.7% and 10%. We report a case with distant skin and subcutaneous metastases in abdominal skin from breast cancer detected on 18 F-fluoro-deoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging.
Neurosyphilis and Clinical Variants
Authors: Moro Adriana , Bresciani Alisson Pittol , Oliveira Marcus Victor de , Albino Pedro Henrique de Campos , Bertotti Melina Moré , Bruscato Ana Magda , Queiroz Luiz Paulo , Filho Paulo Mattosinho
Published: July 2012

Introduction. Neurosyphilis is an uncommon manifestation of cen­tral nervous system (CNS) infection caused by Treponema pallidum. Cases. We report three cases of neurosyphilis. Case 1 presented with ocular involvement: right optic atrophy and left optic neuritis; case 2 had a meningovascular form, with ischemic stroke; and case 3, a meningeal form, presented with headaches as the main complaint. Discussion. The cases reported had distinguished forms of neuro­syphilis. Serologic diagnosis depends on the presence of antibodies: Veneral Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) - not specific – and/ or Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption (FTA-ABS) - spe­cific. Conclusion. In the cases above cerebrospinal fluid FTA-ABS was a diagnostic clue for neurosyphilis even though unreactive serum VDRL was found.
Mirror Visual Feedback na Recuperação Motora e Funcional da Mão Após Acidente Vascular Cerebral
Authors: Souza Wilma Costa , Rangel Maria da Conceição Moraes , Silva Elirez Bezerra da
Published: July 2012

Objetivo. Verificar o efeito da técnica Mirror Visual Feedback na recuperação motora e funcional da mão plégica após o AVC. Mé­todo. participaram desse estudo seis pacientes com idade média de 53,8±15 anos e tempo de AVC de 7±8,6 meses. Para avaliação da independência nas atividades da vida diária foi utilizada a Medida de Independência Funcional (MIF). A função motora foi avaliada através do Protocolo de Desempenho Físico de Fugl-Meyer (PDFFM) e as habilidades motoras através do Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT). A técnica MVF foi individualmente aplicada durante 10 sessões, duas vezes por semana. Os pacientes realizaram movimentos com sua mão não afetada pelo AVC enquanto observavam através do espelho. Re­sultados. melhora estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05) da função motora (PDFFM) e da independência nas atividades da vida diária (MIF). Melhora na destreza (p<0,05) mensurada pelo WMFT. Dois pacientes evidenciaram bom uso funcional da mão, um desenvolveu capacidade de uso parcial e três não transferiram os ganhos adquiridos na clínica para o dia-a-dia. Conclusões. A recuperação de movimen­tos ativos na mão após o AVC é apenas o ponto de partida. Sugerem-se estudos randomizados e controlados, agregando outras técnicas com objetivo de favorecer a recuperação funcional.
Serum Magnesium Levels and Neurological Outcome After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Romero Flávio Ramalho , Neto Bento Gomes de Moraes , Munhoz Gabriela Araújo , Figueiredo Eberval G.
Published: July 2012

Introduction. Stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide. Approximately a third of survivors are functionally de­pendent at one year and it is the commonest cause of neurological disability in the developed world. Protecting the brain from ischemic damage remains a major target for stroke researchers. Many clinical trials tried to prove the efficacy of magnesium administration in stroke patients, but none have investigated the relationships between serum magnesium levels and outcome. Method. We prospectivelly analyzed 83 stroke patients enrolled in a cohort study between 2009 and 2010 and studied 30 and 90-day outcome data. In stroke survivors uni­variate Cox regression models and Kaplan–Meier plots were used to determine subject characteristics associated with an increased hazard of recurrence. Serum magnesium levels were measured daily during the hospital stay. Independent status was defined as Glasgow Out­come Scale grades 4 or 5 and Rankin Modified Scale 0 to 2. Results. Magnesium < 1,8 mg/dl were founded in 20 out of 83 patients (24%). There was no effect of low magnesium levels on rates of functional independence (28% versus 29%, P=0.84) or mortality (46% versus 45%, P=0.93). Conclusion. Serum magnesium levels were not associ­ated with worse outcomes in our series.
Multi-parametric investigation of the volcano-hydrothermal system at Tatun Volcano Group, Northern Taiwan
Authors: Rontogianni S. , Konstantinou K. I. , Lin C.-H.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. The Tatun Volcano Group (TVG) is located in northern Taiwan near the capital Taipei. In this study we selected and analyzed almost four years (2004–2007) of its seismic activity. The seismic network established around TVG initially consisted of eight three-component seismic stations with this number increasing to twelve by 2007. Local seismicity mainly involved high frequency (HF) earthquakes occurring as isolated events or as part of spasmodic bursts. Mixed and low frequency (LF) events were observed during the same period but more rarely. During the analysis we estimated duration magnitudes for the HF earthquakes and used a probabilistic non-linear method to accurately locate all these events. The complex frequencies of LF events were also analyzed with the Sompi method indicating fluid compositions consistent with a misty or dusty gas. We juxtaposed these results with geochemical/temperature anomalies extracted from fumarole gas and rainfall levels covering a similar period. This comparison is interpreted in the context of a model proposed earlier for the volcano-hydrothermal system of TVG where fluids and magmatic gases ascend from a magma body that lies at around 7–8 km depth. Most HF earthquakes occur as a response to stresses induced by fluid circulation within a dense network of cracks pervading the upper crust at TVG. The largest (ML ~ 3.1) HF event that occurred on 24 April 2006 at a depth of 5–6 km had source characteristics compatible with that of a tensile crack. It was followed by an enrichment in magmatic components of the fumarole gases as well as a fumarole temperature increase, and provides evidence for ascending fluids from a magma body into the shallow hydrothermal system. This detailed analysis and previous physical volcanology observations at TVG suggest that the region is volcanically active and that measures to mitigate potential hazards have to be considered by the local authorities.
Comparison of the Multidetector-row Computed Tomographic Angiography Axial and Coronal Planes' Usefulness for Detecting Thoracodorsal Artery Perforators
Authors: Kim Jong Gyu , Lee Soo Hyang
Published: July 2012

Background During the planning of a thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) free flap, preoperative multidetector-row computed tomographic (MDCT) angiography is valuable for predicting the locations of perforators. However, CT-based perforator mapping of the thoracodorsal artery is not easy because of its small diameter. Thus, we evaluated 1-mm-thick MDCT images in multiple planes to search for reliable perforators accurately.

Methods Between July 2010 and October 2011, 19 consecutive patients (13 males, 6 females) who underwent MDCT prior to TDAP free flap operations were enrolled in this study. Patients ranged in age from 10 to 75 years (mean, 39.3 years). MDCT images were acquired at a thickness of 1 mm in the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes.

Results The thoracodorsal artery perforators were detected in all 19 cases. The reliable perforators originating from the descending branch were found in 14 cases, of which 6 had transverse branches. The former were well identified in the coronal view, and the latter in the axial view. The location of the most reliable perforators on MDCT images corresponded well with the surgical findings.

Conclusions Though MDCT has been widely used in performing the abdominal perforator free flap for detecting reliable perforating vessels, it is not popular in the TDAP free flap. The results of this study suggest that multiple planes of MDCT may increase the probability of detecting the most reliable perforators, along with decreasing the probability of missing available vessels.
A Comparative Study of the French & Italian Translations of Anne Michaels’ Fugitive Pieces
Authors: Gordon W. Terrence
Published: July 2012

W. Terrence Gordon examines the notion of translation problems by comparing the French and Italian versions of Michaels’ work. He begins by examining the translation of geological terms which, although they cause no translation problems on a strictly scientific level, are a cause of divergence in the French and Italian versions because they express metaphorically a main theme of the novel: memory and the modifying effect that the past has on the present. Gordon also examines the strategy of each translator with regards to word play, and in particular homonyms, anagrams and palindromes, which are rendered anywhere from a strictly didactic translation to a translation based on various linguistic resources and creative expression. Gordon reminds us that we are invited to study the stylistique interne of English-French and English-Italian through the two translations.
Canada’s Michel Tremblay : des Belles Soeurs à For the Pleasure of Seeing Her Again
Authors: Ladouceur Louise
Published: July 2012

Cet article porte sur les représentations de l'oeuvre dramatique de Michel Tremblay proposées dans deux traductions anglaises effectuées à vingt-cinq ans d'intervalle, soitLes Belles Soeurs, produite en 1973 à Toronto dans une version anglaise de John Van Burek et Bill Glassco, etFor The Pleasure of Seeing Her Again, présentée en 1998 au Centaur Theatre dans une traduction de Linda Gaboriau. La première pièce fut écrite par un jeune auteur peu connu qui venait de révolutionner l'écriture dramatique québécoise en faisant du joual la langue de la scène, à une époque où la traduction du théâtre québécois répondait aux besoins d'une dramaturgie canadienne en émergence. La seconde est la plus récente oeuvre d'un auteur célèbre sur la scène internationale et la version anglaise de la pièce s'inscrit au sein d'un répertoire dramatique canadien bien constitué où la traduction n'occupe plus la même fonction. Il s'agit plutôt ici de célébrer un auteur devenu canonique et de prendre part à son succès.
La mémoire transculturelle comme fondement du sujet africain chez Mudimbe et Ngal
Authors: Semujanga Josias
Published: July 2012

Dans les oeuvres de fiction, la ligne de démarcation entre les notions de mémoire et d’histoire est devenue difficile à tracer puisque la fiction conjoint ce que le discours savant sépare dans les représentations du passé. Est-ce la mémoire qui emprunte la voie de l’histoire pour transmettre l’événement ? Est-ce au contraire le discours historique qui repose sur les fragments d’un événement déjà érigés en mémoire ? Quelle que soit la réponse à ces questions, on se trouve confronté à un problème complexe : celui d’un récit construisant le sens d’un événement passé. À cet égard, les oeuvres africaines sont exemplaires, car elles retravaillent ces questions de la mémoire et de l’oubli de l’événement fondateur qu’est la colonisation en révélant une vision transculturelle qui, tout en manifestant inlassablement la hantise de cet événement, tente de dépasser le piège du jeu de miroirs. Comprise comme opération transformatrice, l’écriture surgit au moment de la traversée simultanée de plusieurs cultures, la transculture devenant ici un lieu neutre où sont convoquées diverses représentations du monde, comme en témoignent les textes de Mudimbe et de Ngal sur lesquels s’appuie cette réflexion.
Le dépassement de la discrimination des formes : métissages intertextuels et transculturels chez Pineau, Sow Fall et Mokeddem
Authors: Ndiaye Christiane
Published: July 2012

Plusieurs textes des écrivaines de la francophonie interrogent de diverses manières les formes littéraires canoniques. Cet article examine le questionnement des genres et textes fondateurs dans trois romans qui procèdent à un décloisonnement interculturel et transgénérique. Dans L’espérance-macadam de Gisèle Pineau, c’est l’usage inapproprié du texte biblique et des contes merveilleux (« contes bleus ») qui est problématisé à travers des personnages qui n’ont plus de langage propre à force de reproduire fidèlement ces modèles consacrés. Chez Aminata Sow Fall, le romanesque fusionne avec la forme traditionnelle de l’épopée pour créer un métadiscours qui valorise la multiplicité des formes et des lectures et récuse toute hiérarchie qui instaure une discrimination entre formes (races ou individus) « supérieures » et « inférieures ». Ce principe de l’égalité des races, cultures et formes littéraires se trouve également au centre du roman de Malika Mokeddem, Le siècle des sauterelles, où l’Orient rencontre l’Occident, où oralité et écriture, poésie et histoire s’amalgament dans un métissage textuel éloquent. Ainsi, ces romancières ne se contentent pas de raconter des histoires plaisantes ; elles mettent en évidence l’un des fonctionnements essentiels de la littérature contemporaine, déjà conceptualisé par Glissant : relater, c’est-à-dire raconter mais aussi mettre en relation.
Translating Hélène Cixous: French Feminism(s) and Anglo-American Feminist Theory
Authors: Penrod Lynn K.
Published: July 2012

Translating Hélène Cixous: French Feminism(s) and Anglo-American Feminist Theory — The works of H. Cixous in English translation represent an interesting case study to examine the relevant choice factors which enter into the project of translation. Cixous, as a representative of what the Anglo-American feminist community has described as "French Feminism" remains best known for two works, both written nearly twenty years ago, "Le Rire de la Méduse" (1975) and La Jeune Née (1976). Although the former text was translated almost immediately, the latter waited a decade before reaching an English reading audience. Compared to Luce Irigaray and Julia Kristeva, Cixous remains the least available in translation to an English audience despite a prolific output over the course of her career. The politics of choice, the décalage factor, the problems of academic translators and the "difficulty factor" are discussed as they relate to Cixous's translated works.
Poets of Bifurcated Tongues, or on the Plurilingualism of Canadian-Hungarian Poets
Authors: Kürtösi Katalin
Published: July 2012

Poets of Bifurcated Tongues, or on the plurilingualism of Canadian-Hungarian Poets — This article aims at an analysis of the plurilingualism of four poets of Hungarian origin, living in Canada: Robert Zend, George Vitéz, László Kemenes Géfin and Endre Farkas. Before examining the poems themselves, the various concepts of plurilingualism and the aspects of grouping these poems, including the code-switching strategies used in them, are reviewed. The base language and the nature of code-switching is discussed with a special emphasis on the relationship of grammatical units, intra- and intersentential switches within contexts where plurilingualism occurs. The first three poets have become bilinguals as adults: they form part of Hungarian literature as well as of Canadian writing. The last one, however, has a childhood bilingualism and is considered an English-Canadian Poet. Since they have a twofold minority status (Hungarian origins, plus writing in English in Montréal), analysis of these poets requires a special approach. The main hypothesis of the article is that, when using more than one language within the same work, the author is able to reach special effects which would be otherwise impossible. These poems, plurilingual in nature, also show that, for these authors, language is of multiple use: not only is language a tool of communication, but also the theme of some of their poems: they are often self-reflexive, making formal and semantic experimentation possible.
Transparence et retraduction des sociolectes dans The Hamlet de Faulkner
Authors: Chapdelaine Annick
Published: July 2012

Transparence et retraduction des sociolectes dans The Hamlet de Faulkner — Par « transparence », nous [le Groupe de recherche en traductologie, de l'Université McGiIl] entendons non pas l'occultation du travail de la conscience traduisante, mais au contraire l'émergence du traducteur comme pôle herméneutique incontournable. Notre entreprise de réactualisation veut tenir compte de deux facettes du texte faulknérien qui ont eu à souffrir de leur passage au français dans la première traduction de René Hilleret, à savoir le gommage tant de la composante sociolectale du roman que de ses effets comiques. Pour les rendre manifestes dans notre retraduction, nous avons choisi de puiser dans les ressources du vernaculaire québécois, produisant un ancrage géographique précis motivé non par le désir de naturaliser Faulkner, mais bien de le donner à lire à la francophonie via le Québec. Les notes qui accompagnent notre traduction s'effectuent en fonction du macrotexte en tenant compte de l'identité des personnages, des rapports de force, des situations d'énonciation, de nos choix antérieurs et des isotopies de l'oeuvre.
À partir de Georges Mounin : esquisse archéologique
Authors: Ladmiral Jean-René
Published: July 2012

À partir de Georges Mounin : esquisse archéologique — Georges Mounin est l'un des « pères fondateurs » de la traductologie: c'est donc à partir de cet auteur qu'on pourra entreprendre une archéologie de la discipline - au double sens où c'est à la fois vouloir le dépasser, « en partir », et où c'est aussi « partir » de ses travaux. Certes, il faut récuser la problématique de robjection préjudicielle, qui nous confronte aux apories de l'« intraduisible », en réinscrivant dans l'histoire les problèmes de la traduction. Encore devra-t-on ne pas se contenter d'une traductologie purement linguistique, voire d'une « traductologie de la langue ». Plus généralement, dans la foulée de l'héritage de Mounin, on sera amené à poser le problème de l'articulation entre traductologie et linguistique; on en viendra à s'interroger sur le statut du discours traductologique, sur la dimension philosophique qui est la sienne et sur la place qui lui revient dans le champ épistémologique des sciences humaines.
L’abandon du traducteur
Authors: Lamy Laurent , Nouss Alexis
Published: July 2012

L'abandon du traducteur — Un des jalons majeurs pour la traductologie contemporaine, l'essai sur la traduction de Walter Benjamin est aussi un texte central dans son oeuvre et dans la pensée moderne par ses liens à la philosophie du langage et à la philosophie de l'histoire. C'est dans cet éclairage que L. Lamy et A. Nouss proposent cette nouvelle traduction enrichie d'un important appareil de notes destiné à la fois à en faciliter la compréhension et à lui restituer toute sa densité conceptuelle.
Hebrew Translations of Palestinian Literature — from Total Denial to Partial Recognition
Authors: Amit-Kochavi Hannah
Published: July 2012

Hebrew Translations of Palestinian Literature — From Total Denial to Partial Recognition — The present paper describes Hebrew translations of Palestinian literature written in the West Bank and Gazza Strip and the Palestinian diaspora and their gradual progress from total denial to partial recognition within the Hebrew cultural polysystem. The preface is followed by three sections: the attitude of Israeli Hebrew culture to translations from Palestinian literatures from the 1950s up to the present against the historical background of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict; the publication of translations of particular works by particular writers; Hebrew stage performances of adaptations of translated Palestinian literature.
Les déterminants traductifs dans les champs source et cible : le cas du roman policier
traduit de l’américain en français en Série Noire après 1945
Authors: Gouanvic Jean-Marc
Published: July 2012

Les relations qu’entretiennent la littérature comparée et la traductologie sont
délicates et cet article propose d’envisager la question en analysant un cas, celui du roman
policier américain traduit dans la culture française à partir de 1945 en Série Noire
(Gallimard). Le courant du roman policier hard-boiled de Dashiell Hammett et, plus tard, de Raymond Chandler est né dans
le pulp Black Mask à partir de 1922. Un bref
historique des pulps montre que les récits publiés
dans ces revues au papier bon marché devaient répondre à des exigences strictes. Après avoir
esquissé les habitus de Hammett et de Chandler, est analysée la façon dont Marcel Duhamel
acclimate les auteurs hard-boiled américains dans
la Série Noire et dont le champ français du roman policier conditionne les textes. Il
apparaît que la concurrence directe entre la Série Noire et la collection Un Mystère des
Presses de la Cité est également l’un des déterminants majeurs de la traduction du roman de
« durs-à-cuire », comme le montrent des documents d’archives de la Série Noire. Le roman
policier traduit illustre comment la traduction est partout dans le passage traductif, aussi
bien dans le champ source que dans le champ cible et que le paradigme de la traduction est
un élément incontournable dans l’analyse des contacts entre littératures.
Repenser les rapports entre la littérature comparée et la traductologie : prolégomènes au braconnage interdisciplinaire
Authors: Lane-Mercier Gillian
Published: July 2012

Cet article interroge les enjeux culturels et idéologiques soulevés par les principales métaphores auxquelles ont eu recours, depuis une quarantaine d’années, aussi bien les comparatistes que les traductologues canadiens-anglais et québécois pour mieux appréhender le rapport entre les deux littératures dites fondatrices du Canada. Nous émettons l’hypothèse selon laquelle les présupposés véhiculés par ces métaphores sont en partie responsables, d’une part, de la difficulté qu’ont ces deux disciplines à se définir l’une par rapport à l’autre et, d’autre part, des tensions « territoriales » qui les menacent, chacune à son tour, de disparition, au Canada comme ailleurs. Dans cette perspective, une attention particulière est portée aux « effets pervers » produits par certaines de ces métaphores sous la forme de procédures d’occultation de la diversité et de la différence qui les rendent inaptes à penser la complexité réelle des frontières culturelles et des découpages disciplinaires, notamment dans les sociétés plurilingues occidentales contemporaines. Pour sortir d’une telle impasse, nous recourons au concept non métaphorique de « braconnage » récemment défini par le critique québécois Simon Harel, qui permet de rendre compte des espaces culturels et disciplinaires contigus dont la survie dépend de la reconnaissance – et du maintien – de la conflictualité créatrice qui les sous-tend.
Vapor Phase Growth of Functional Pentacene Films at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Rolin Cédric , Vasseur Karolien , Niesen Björn , Willegems Myriam , Müller Robert , Steudel Sören , Genoe Jan , Heremans Paul
Published: July 2012

Compared to traditional vacuum evaporation techniques for small organic molecules, organic vapor phase deposition (OVPD) possesses a extra processing parameter: the pressure of process gas Pch. Here, the influence of large Pch variations (from 0.1 mbar to atmospheric pressure) on pentacene thin film growth is explored. OVPD operation at higher Pch is characterized by lower carrier gas velocities and lower organic diffusivities. These result in an invariance of the material utilization efficiency over the entire pressure span and in an advantageous equilibrium evaporation regime in the source. An increase in Pch yields rough pentacene layers. Classical nucleation theory is applied to demonstrate how the pressure rise triggers homogeneous nucleation in the gas phase, causing the observed roughening. The use of lower deposition rates, higher dilution flow rates, and higher substrate temperatures result in the suppression of gas phase nucleation and the growth of smooth pentacene films at atmospheric pressure. Using these optimized conditions, state‐of‐the‐art pentacene thin film transistors with saturation mobilities above 0.9 cm2/Vs are reproducibly fabricated. p‐Type circuits are also made and a 19‐stage ring oscillator with a stage delay of 51 μs at a supply voltage of 15 V is demonstrated.
Electroluminescence Studies of n‐GaP (100) and (111) in Acetonitrile Solutions
Authors: Mcintyre R. , Smandek B. , Gerischer H.
Published: July 2012

Electroluminescence studies of n‐GaP (100) and (111) surfaces have been carried out by hole injection using the cationic components of two selected redox systems, 10‐methylphenothiazine (10‐MP/10‐MP+*) and thianthrene (Th/Th+*). The luminescence has been studied as a function of electrode potential at cathodic bias. The results are quantitatively in good agreement with expectations based on band edge positions, determined from differential capacitance data. In contrast to the behaviour observed in aqueous solution, stable luminescence has been observed over a wide range of negative potentials. This is believed to be a consequence of avoiding the surface transformation which occurs in connection with the reduction of protons, generating efficient centers for radiationless recombination. The spectral distribution of the emitted light suggests that the luminescence originates from the same sub‐band‐gap transitions as reported from aqueous studies.
Mode Specific Resonance Decay
Authors: Bisseling R. H. , Kosloff R. , Manz J. , Schor H. H. R.
Published: July 2012

Mode specific resonance decay is demonstrated directly by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) time propagation of resonance wave packets for an ABA molecule modeled by coupled Morse oscillators. Fast and slow decay correlates with local and hyperspherical modes which have their wave function lobes directed towards dissociation exits and ridges of the potential, respectively, in excellent analogy to Hose and Taylor's analysis of the Hénon‐Heiles system. The decay shows no correlation with energy or symmetry. The FFT method yields details of the decay mechanism. The results are related to observations of mode specific unimolecular processes in bulk.
Time Resolved Two‐Color Multiphoton Ionization Studies on the Intramolecular Dynamics of Cycloheptatrienes
Authors: Borrell P. M. , Löhmannsröben H. ‐G. , Luther K.
Published: July 2012

One and two color multiphotonionization experiments in cycloheptatriene, methyl‐, ethyl‐, and isopropyl‐cycloheptatriene are reported. Rate constants for the fast internal conversions S1 → S0 of these molecules were determined. A collisional deactivation process in the pathway of time delayed two color multiphoton ionization is observed.
Unimolecular Decay of Polyatomic Ions Prepared by Multi‐Photon Ionization
Authors: Neusser H. J. , Kühlewind H. , Boesl U. , Schlag De E. W.
Published: July 2012

Ladder switching in multi‐photon ionization is shown to have important consequences for the study of ion kinetics. In particular, it makes feasible the production of internal energy‐selected molecular ions in a two laser experiment. The metastable decay of these ions is monitored in a reflecting field time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer‐with a high mass resolution. In this way unimolecular decay constants of monoenergetic metastable parent ions have been measured as a function of internal energy. As a first example we have shown that C‐loss as well as H‐loss channels of C6H+6 are competing and originate from the same electronic state of the benzene cation.
Temperature Dependence of the Reaction D + H2 (v = 1) → HD (v = 0,1) + H
Authors: Wellhausen U. , Wolfram J.
Published: July 2012

The temperature dependence of the rate of the reaction

was studied in a discharge flow reactor. Although the energy of one vibrational quantum exceeds the energy barrier of the reaction, a distinct temperature dependence of the reaction rate was observed. This indicates that only a moderate fraction of the vibrational energy can be used to surmount the energy barrier of the reaction.
Potential Distribution and Interaction between two Parallel Dielectric Cylinders in a Static Transverse Field. II. Limiting Case of Contacting Cylinders
Authors: Schlögl Reinhard W.
Published: July 2012

The potential profile and the forces of interaction between two dielectric cylinders of radii R1, and R2, dielectric constants ϵ1, and ϵ2, and acted on by a transverse external field, is evaluated in the limiting case of the two bodies in contact. The results for a static field carry over for alternating fields, provided that dielectric losses do not contribute significantly.
Electro‐Optical Properties of Rodlike Micelles
Authors: Hoffmann H. , Schorr W.
Published: July 2012

It is shown that the induced electric birefringence in solutions with rodlike micelles is composed of two parts: the intrinsic birefringence and the form birefringence. In many systems both parts are of about the same magnitude but of opposite sign. The form birefringence is always positive while the intrinsic birefringence for hydrocarbon surfactants is negative. The intrinsic birefringence is determined by the optical anisotropy of the alkylchain, the headgroup and the counterion and depends on the configuration of the chains in the micellar assemblies and the orientation of the counterion at the micellar interface. In favorable cases, it is possible to determine the order parameter of the chains inside the micelles. The birefringence can change sign when for the same surfactant ion the counter‐ion is varied. The example of such a system is presented. Solutions of Cetylpyridiniumsalicylate give a negative birefringence while Cetylpyridiniumheptanesulfonate gives a positive one. In mixtures of the two systems the birefringence varies smoothly from negative to positive while the size of the rods is little affected by the change.
Use of Liapunov Functions in Dissipative and Explosive Models
Authors: Farkas Henrik , Noszticzius Zoltán
Published: July 2012

The global behaviour of a system (stable, conservative, explosive) can be realized applying Liapunov functions. To illustrate this, some dissipative thermodynamical examples are shown together with some autocatalytic chemical models displaying explosive behaviour.
The Local Structure in Liquid Mixtures of Acetonitrile with 6 Aromatic Solvents
Authors: Boyadjiev Borislav
Published: July 2012

The chemical shifts of the methyl protons of acetonitrile were measured at 298 K as a function of concentration in 6 aromatic solvents. The local structure of the solutions are interpreted by using the model of hard convex bodies, assuming anisotropic aromatic shielding terms and intermolecular repulsive forces. So the angels α can be determined, which show the intermolecular orientation between the acetonitrile and the aromatic molecules. This way it is possible to calculate the angles β of the orientation between the aromatic molecules. Two different kinds of aromatic solvents could be identified:

benzene, furane, thiophene‐ with intermolecular plane to plane angle β ≈ 60°

pyridazine, pyridine, pyrimidin‐ with intermolecular plane to plane angle β ≈ 30°.
A Lattice Model Approach to Orientational Order in Long Chain n‐Alkanes
Authors: Costas Miguel
Published: July 2012

An equation of state has been obtained for a pure n‐alkane liquid with correlations of molecular orientations (CMO). CMO is simulated by considering small densely packed and loosely packed regions randomly dispersed throughout the liquid. These differ by the presence of holes in the loosely packed regions. The relevant parameter for CMO is the fraction of dense‐packed regions p in the pure n‐alkane. The fraction p decreases rapidly with increase of temperature and increases with pressure. It is found that CMO has a short range segmental rather than molecular character. The model correctly predicts the decrease in energy, entropy and volume brought about by the presence of CMO in the pure liquid. Parameters of the theory are fitted to HE(T) and HE(P) for n‐C12 and the following order contributions to mixing quantities are predicted: dVE/dT, dVE/dP, Δ(γVT), ΔCv and Δ(αγ VT) where α and γ are the thermal expansion and thermal pressure coefficients. Good qualitative and quantitative agreement is found with experiment.
On Complex Formation of BeSO4 in Water ‐ Glycol Mixtures
Authors: Busse G. , Strehlow H.
Published: July 2012

Using the pressure jump technique, four reactions have been observed in the system BeSO4‐water‐glycol, three of which are concerned with the substitution of solvating molecules in the solvation layer of the beryllium ion by the sulfate ion: Of water, of monodentate glycol and of bidentate glycol. The fourth reaction could be attributed to the formation of a bisulfato beryllium complex. Equilibrium and rate constants for the involved reactions have been evaluated from conductivity measurements and from the kinetics. The results are compared with those obtained earlier in other solvent mixtures [1–6]: BeSO4 in water glycol mixtures behaves similar as in other mixtures of hydrogen bond forming solvents (water, formamide, N‐methylformamide, methanol). The substitution rate in different solvatomers Be(H2O)i(glycol)2+4‐i depends only on the kind of solvent being substituted by the sulfate ion, and not on the specific solvatomer. However, the substitution of a bidentate solvating glycol occurs much faster than that of a monodentate one. Furthermore the formation of the bisulfato complex has not been observed in water, in water‐formamide and in water N‐methylformamide solutions, which due to their high dielectric constants form only relatively weak sulfato complexes and undetectable amounts of bisulfato complexes.
Evaporation of Acetonitrile/Water Mixtures Through Ion Exchange Membranes ‐ Influence of Selective Solvation of Counterions on Selectivity
Authors: Hoffmann Edith , Woermann D.
Published: July 2012

Evaporation experiments of acetonitrile/water mixtures through ion exchange membranes loaded with potassium and silver ions respectively demonstrate that the extent of enrichment of acetonitrile in the vapor phase is influenced by the selective solvation of the counterions by the components of the mixture.
The Effect of the Interface Velocity on the Plateau Pressure of Intermetallic Compound Hydrides. Theoretical Interpretation
Authors: Park Choong‐Nyeon , Flanagan Ted B.
Published: July 2012

It has been observed that when an intermetallic compound‐H system is in its two‐solid‐phase coexistence region, the addition or removal of small aliquots of hydrogen (small driving forces) leads to larger and smaller values of μH respectively, than do large aliquots (large driving forces). It is proposed that the origin of this phenomenon is due to the effect of the interface velocity on the metal atom pile‐up at the interface between the dilute and hydride phases. Large aliquots of hydrogen lead to rapid initial interface velocities which can result in the destruction of the pile‐up (metal atom equilibrium) at the interface. When the driving pressure during the large aliquot falls below the value needed to maintain v ≥ vc, the pile‐up builds up again but does not reach the composition characteristic of small aliquots. It is shown that the chemical potential of hydrogen will be lower during hydriding for the large aliquot case than for the small aliquot case because the hydrogen chemical potential is a function of the metal atom composition at the interface.