bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTERVENÇÃO ANALÍTICO-COMPORTAMENTAL DIRIGIDA A FAMILIARES DE PORTADORES DO TRANSTORNO OBSESSIVO-COMPULSIVO
Authors: Boarati Lilian , Malerbi Fani Eta Korn
Published: June 2019

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar um procedimento de intervenção dirigido a mães de portadores de Transtorno Obsessivo Compulsivo (TOC) com vistas a reduzir a acomodação familiar. Participaram três díades compostas de adultos portadores do TOC e suas mães. Inicialmente, foram realizadas entrevistas individuais com cada participante com o objetivo de listar os rituais apresentados pelos portadores e as respostas de acomodação familiar. Posteriormente, cada mãe foi instruída a registrar diariamente os rituais de seus filhos que solicitavam sua participação e as suas respostas de acomodação. A análise desses registros permitiu que as pesquisadoras classificassem as respostas de acomodação das mães em ordem crescente de frequência e instruíssem cada mãe a colocar em extinção, primeiramente, as solicitações menos frequentes de participação nos rituais e reforçar qualquer outra classe de respostas diferente das ritualísticas (DRO). Uma vez eliminada uma classe de respostas ritualísticas, as mães eram instruídas a focalizar a classe seguinte e assim sucessivamente. Foram realizados de 13 a 14 encontros semanais com cada mãe. Em cada encontro, as mães recebiam instruções sobre como proceder e eram orientandas a enfrentar as dificuldades que apareciam na realização da tarefa. Trinta por cento dos registros foram também analisados por um observador independente resultando em 90,6% de concordância. Os principais resultados evidenciaram a eliminação da maioria das respostas de acomodação apresentadas pelas três mães.Palavras-chave: análise do comportamento, família, extinção, comportamento obsessivo-compulsivo.
Pagar la culpa: matrimonio, divorcio y responsabilidad en la tradición jurídica occidental
Authors: Vial-Dumas Manuel
Published: June 2019

Este trabajo se enmarca en la discusión sobre la aplicación del régimen general de responsabilidad por daños en materia de familia, específicamente en la cuestión del divorcio. Por medio de un recorrido histórico se intenta mostrar como, hasta el momento de la codificación, existe un régimen especial de responsabilidad para el caso de divorcio. Dicho régimen será posteriormente abolido, dejando con ello un vacío que, en buena medida, da origen al debate actual.
Normas de derecho internacional privado en materia de bienes: la regla lex rei sitae en América Latina y Colombia
Authors: Ochoa Jiménez María Julia
Published: June 2019

Este artículo es resultado de una investigación cualitativa cuyo objetivo general ha consistido en evaluar las normas de conflicto de leyes que se encuentran en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano, observándolas a la luz de codificaciones de otros ordenamientos jurídicos. En tal sentido, se hace una exposición de las normas de derecho internacional privado en materia de bienes en América Latina. Luego se analiza la situación al respecto en Colombia. Finalmente, se realizan algunos breves planteamientos para una futura revisión de la forma en que se encuentra la regla lex rei sitae en el derecho internacional privado colombiano.
MOOC y derechos de autor en la enseñanza online en el derecho español
Authors: Prósper Ribes Josep , Ramón Fernández Francisca
Published: June 2019

En la actualidad a través de internet se puede difundir, en cerrado o en abierto, una serie de contenidos que están encaminados a la formación. Se produce así una digitalización de la docencia con la finalidad de incrementar la accesibilidad, independientemente del lugar geográfico en el que se encuentren. Estos contenidos están disponibles de manera permanente y el alumno puede acceder a estos en el momento que considere más oportuno, dentro de la temporización de la actividad. Una de las grandes posibilidades es a través de plataformas específicas, en la que se puede difundir toda la información necesaria de un curso incluyendo archivos audiovisuales. Esta situación plantea dos cuestiones, por una parte, la creatividad necesaria para elaborar archivos de vídeo; por otra parte, los derechos de autor que se pueden generar. Nuestro objetivo es analizar las características específicas de los MOOC y los archivos que los componen, especialmente, los de vídeo, y si el tipo de derechos de autor que genera, ya sean del docente o bien de terceros, está en la actualidad suficientemente regulado, teniendo en cuenta el ámbito de aplicación al derecho español y la futura normativa de la Unión Europea.
El aprovechamiento económico de los bienes de uso público. Reflexiones con ocasión de la reciente unificación sobre la improcedencia del contrato de arrendamiento
Authors: Pimiento Echeverri Julián
Published: June 2019

En Colombia no existe claridad en cuanto a los contratos que permiten la ocupación privativa de los bienes de uso público o, lo que es lo mismo, su aprovechamiento económico. Ante la ausencia de claridad de las reglas de esta categoría de bienes, el Consejo de Estado ha optado por cerrar la vía a ciertos tipos contractuales, como el contrato de arrendamiento. Esta solución, aunque adecuada, no ha sido debidamente sustentada por esa Alta Corte. En este artículo propongo un acercamiento distinto a la cuestión y pretend sentar las bases de un nuevo modelo contractual de gestión de estos bienes que reconozca las particularidades de su régimen jurídico, la protección que merecen y su debida explotación social y económica.
As Representações sociais da velhice LGBT entre os profissionais do Programa Estratégia da Família (PEF)
Authors: Lorena Lorena Alves , De de Oliveira Santos Jose Victor , Fernandes Ludgleydson , Aguiar Trevia Salgado Ana Gabriela , Da Silva Fonseca Luciana Kelly
Published: June 2019

A presente pesquisa objetivou identificar as representações sociais entre profissionais cadastrados no Programa Estratégia da Família (PEF) acerca da Velhice LGBT. Contou-se com 50 profissionais dos estados brasileiros Ceará e Piauí, maioria mulheres 96%, idade média de 35,3 anos (DP=9,7). Foram utilizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e questionário sociodemográfico para a coleta de dados. Nos resultados, foram indicadas na Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, seis classes de proximidade representacional. Verificou-se que as representações sociais circundam na invisibilidade dos idosos LGBT, assim como, preconceitos e estereótipos negativos relacionados a orientação sexual. Por outro lado, as representações sociais dos profissionais direcionam-se a aspectos psicossociais ligados ao processo de senescência como um todo e a uma velhice feliz e autônoma.
CULTURAL REVIVALISM OF MANGKUNEGARA VII AND THE ISLAMISM DISCOURSE IN THE EARLY 20th CENTURY
Authors: Wardhana Adi Putra Surya , Pitana Titis Srimuda , Susanto Susanto
Published: June 2019

This article aims at studying Javanese cultural revivalism of Mangkunegara VII, its function, and meaning, within the context of the rise of Islamism in the early 20th century. Mangkunegara VII was a Mangkunegaran ruler who actively participated in developing Javanese culture. When he was young, he was an essential figure in Budi Utomo, a movement organization that represented Javanese nationalism which was influenced by the complex relations between language awareness, colonialism, modernism, and Islamism. He was also involved in various Kejawen organizations. Using Michel Foucault's discourse theory, this paper argues that Javanese cultural revivalism is a Javanese nationalist success to overcome the excessive radicalism of Islamic discourse. When Islamism arose with their attacks against the abangan, he carried out counter-narratives through Javanese cultural organizations. As a ruler, he was successful in assuming legitimacy from the Mangkunegaran people as well as to influence the Dutch colonial government, and other Javanese nationalists as well.
Biriktirme Bozukluğunda Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi: Sistematik bir Gözden Geçirme
Authors: MERİÇTAN Ayca Ezgi , MORTAN SEVİ Oya
Published: June 2019

Biriktirme bozukluğu önceleri obsesif-kompulsif bozukluğun bir türü olarak değerlendirilmesine rağmen, son yıllarda bulunan bazı farklılıklar biriktirmenin DSM-5’te obsesif-kompulsif bozukluk ve ilişkili bozukluklar altında ayrı bir bozukluk olarak yeniden sınıflandırılmasını sağlamıştır. Biriktirme bozukluğu olan hastalar eşyalarını elden çıkarmaya ilişkin yoğun korku gibi güçlü olumsuz duygular yaşar ve sahip oldukları şeylerin önemini abartırlar. Biriktirme bozukluğu için bireysel, grup ve kendine yardım tedavilerini içeren farklı bilişsel davranışçı terapi protokolleri olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada biriktirme bozukluğu tedavisinde uygulanan bilişsel davranışçı terapinin etkililiğini değerlendirmek için yapılmış ampirik çalışmaların gözden geçirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ölçütleri karşılayan 12 çalışmanın yöntem ve terapi özellikleri karşılaştırılarak sunulmuştur. Biriktirme bozukluğu olan kişilere uygulanan bilişsel davranışçı terapilerin, bozukluğa ilişkin belirtileri ve/veya bozukluğa eşlik eden sorunları (depresyon, anksiyete vb.) azaltmada etkili olduğu görülmektedir.
Yaşlılarda Dikkat Eksikliği ve Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu
Authors: ÇAVUŞOĞLU Çağatay , DEMİRKOL Mehmet Emin , TAMAM Lut
Published: June 2019

Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB), kalıtsal olarak geçebilen, çevresel faktörlerden etkilenen, çocukluk çağının en yaygın görülen nöropsikiyatrik sendromu olup, yetişkin çağda da devam edebilen ve hatta geriatrik popülasyonda görülebilen bir bozukluktur. Geriatrik popülasyonda kendini farklı semptomlarla gösterebilen, tanısı genelde göz ardı edilen DEHB, kimi zaman kendini demans ya da depresyon belirtileri ile de gösterebilmektedir. Yaşlı popülasyonda prevalansın %3-4 oranında olduğu düşünülmektedir. Henüz yaşlılara özgül DEHB tanı ölçütleri mevcut olmamakla birlikte DSM-5’de bulunan ölçütlerdenyararlanılarak tanı konulmaktadır. Görüntüleme ve nörofizyolojik yöntemlerden yararlanılsa da DEHB’ye yönelik özgül bir bulgu ya da görüntü yoktur. Frontal ve prefrontal alanlarda, gri cevher lezyonlarında bozukluklar manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRI) ile gösterilebilmektedir. DEHB patofizyolojisi tam olarak aydınlatılamamış olsa da geriatrik popülasyonda uyku bozukluklarından demansa kadar uzanan geniş bir spektrumda klinik özellikler gözlenmektedir. Dolayısıyla yaşlı bireylerde DEHB ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenmeli ve yeni çalışmalarla hastalığa özgül tanı ölçütleri geliştirilmelidir çünkü mevcut literatürde belirtilen DEHB sıklığının gerçek yaşamdakinden çok daha az olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Disordine internazionale e identità nazionale. Storia e favola = International disorder and national identity. History and fable
Authors: La Torre Massimo
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT: After World War Two a gigantic effort was made in order to build a viable and stable international order, beginning with the Bretton Woods agreement that was aimed to stabilize the international monetary system, and with the United Nations, that were intended to restore legality in interstate affairs and somehow initiate a cosmopolitan conversation among Nation States. This order is now slowly crumbling down, paradoxically through globalization, and a triumphant neoliberalism. A new, but indeed quite old narrative, rather a myth, of what a national identity means is again getting the upper hand.KEYWORDS: international relations, international law, European Union, globalization, national identity
The Principles of Uti Possidetis Juris As an Alternative to Settlement Determination of Territorial Limits in the Oecusse Sacred Area (Study of the NKRI and RDTL Boundaries)
Authors: Sunyowati Dina , Adam Haidar , Vinata Ria Tri
Published: June 2019

Based on the Decree of the People's Consultative Assembly in 1999, the legal status of the territory of Timor Leste is no longer the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. With the establishment of the state of Timor Leste, between Indonesia and Timor Leste, boundaries of land and sea need to be included which cover territorial, ZEE and continental shelf boundaries, especially in the southern waters and north of the island of Timor, including the Oecusse enclave area. The negotiators of the two countries have not succeeded in agreeing on several Oecusse borderlines with the Indonesian territory. Various methods have been pursued including involving indigenous peoples. At present, the Oecusse enclave is designated as a special economic zone by Timor Leste with the aim of optimizing the area as a border area and having adequate economic activities so as to improve the quality of the local community. As an alternative effort in resolving regional boundary agreements, the application of the principle of Uti Possidetis Juris, which is a principle of territorial claims based on the Uti possidetis doctrine, means that a newly independent state inherits administrative boundaries formed by the previous authorities, so that the historical and conceptual approaches in the stipulation are established. It is recommended to avoid different interpretations between the two countries, and regional boundaries can be resolved immediately.
Integrating Farmers’ Rights to Equitable Benefit Sharing Into the Malaysian Plant Variety Law: Learning from Others
Authors: Musa Murshamshul Kamariah , Mohamed Abdul Majid Tahir , Mohamed Abdul Majid Hafiz
Published: June 2019

The Farmers’ Rights concept is part of an international treaty of which Malaysia is one of the signatory parties. The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (FAO Treaty 2004), articulated four core rights under the Farmers’ Rights concept – namely the right to traditional farming knowledge, the right to seed, the right to equitable benefit sharing and the right to participate in the decision-making process. Article 9.2 (b) of FAO Treaty 2004 stipulates that farmers should be given equal opportunity to equitably participate in sharing benefits from the use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. The right to equitable benefit sharing legally justifies among others, the rights of smallholder farmers who have been breeding seeds for generations to receive benefits; either monetary or non-monetary from any commercialization of the seeds that have been developed by them. Non-monetary benefits include access to seeds for their farm. This paper investigates to what extent the existing legal provisions of plant variety law in Malaysia has integrated this right to equitable benefit sharing to small farmers as compared to similar legislation in India and under African Union (AU Model Law for the Protection of the Rights of Local Communities, Farmers and Breeders, and for the Regulation of Access to Biological Resources). These two legal frameworks aimed to protect their small farming communities are cited as legislation with the best practices on implementing Farmers’ Rights core rights.  The aim is for Malaysia to learn from these countries in order to ensure legal protection for small farmers’ right to equitable benefit sharing of their plant genetic resources.
Legal Protection of Industrial Design Information and Communication Technology Based on Creative Economy to Improve Community Competitiveness
Authors: Atsar Abdul
Published: June 2019

Law is very influenced on the development of Technology. The current legal tool has no readiness so that it can not keep up with the rapid technological advances. The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of regulation on protection system and law enforcement of ICT design based on creative economy to improve people's competitiveness. Research is a normative juridical study. The approach of this research is the approach of legislation, concepts and cases. This research is analytical descriptive. This study, using secondary data sources. Technique of collecting data with literature study. Data analysis technique by qualitative normative descriptive method.The regulation of the legal protection system of industrial design of ICT, in Law no. 31 Year 2000, has not been regulated explicitly about the element of novelty, the application of constitutive stelsel cause obstacles. The law enforcement of ICT design is not yet effective, because of three aspects: 1) The legal substance aspect is not yet explicitly regulated about the novelty element in Industrial Design terms and the qualification and classification of the object of Right, the substantive requirement of Right of Industrial Design, the provisions of sanctions that distinguish between rights violations caused by the substance of the "same" and "similar" Industrial Design Designs registered for commercial purposes; 2) the aspect of its law enforcers, there is no appeal commission of industrial design, law enforcers have not understood the substance of the provisions of industrial design law; 2) Legal culture aspect. Indonesian society is still communal.
Emergency Preparedness for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Yogyakarta
Authors: Indriasari Fika Nur , Widyarani Linda , Kusuma Prima Daniyati
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Indonesia lies on the ring of fire and this includes Yogyakarta province which had experienced some earthquakes. The earthquake that occurred in 2006 caused thousands of people died. Most of the survivors were elderly people and children. Children are a vulnerable group, especially those with special needs. School is the first reference to teach earthquake disaster preparedness to children. This research used observational descriptive design. Purposive sampling technique was used, and data was collected through observation sheet. Respondents were with autism in Special School of Negeri Pembina Yogyakarta (n=23). Storytelling and Simulation on Earthquake Disaster Preparedness gave positive influence towards the mitigation ability by children with special needs, especially those with autism. There were nine children with autism in the category of low IQ, six in the category of average IQ and eight children in the category of superior IQ. Before the storytelling was conducted, children’s ability and involvement in the simulation was 35% (8 children). Conversely, the children’s ability and involvement raised to 78% (18 children) after being given five times (5x) simulation and storytelling. Storytelling and simulation method were effective as training methods in earthquake disaster mitigation on children with autism. There was 43% increase of mitigation level before and after intervention.

ABSTRAK
Daerah di Indonesia merupakan ring of fire dan Yogyakarta merupakan salah satu daerah yang mengalami gempa bumi. Gempa yang terjadi pada tahun 2006 menimbulkan banyak korban, mayoritas adalah orang lanjut usia dan anak-anak. Anak-anak merupakan kelompok rentan terlebih anak dengan berkebutuhan khusus. Sekolah sebagai tempat rujukan pertama untuk memberikan edukasi siaga bencana terhadap anak-anak.Desain penelitian adalah deskriptif observasional. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampel sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data dengan lembar observasi. Metode pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling. Responden yang mengikuti penelitian ini sebanyak 23 anak autis. Pemberian simulasi siaga bencana gempa bumi memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap kemampuan mitigasi anak berkebutuhan khusus dengan autis. Anak autis dengan kategori IQ rendah 9 orang, IQ sedang 6 orang dan IQ tinggi 8 orang. Sebelum diberikan pembelajaran story telling, kemampuan dan keterlibatan anak dalam melakukan simulasi sebanyak 35% (8 anak) namun setelah diberikan pembelajaran dan simulasi sebanyak 5x, kemampuan dan keterlibatan anak meningkat sebanyak 78% (18 anak). Metode simulasi efektif sebagai pembelajaran mitigasi bencana gempa bumi pada anak autis. Peningkatan kemampuan mitigasi sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pembelajaran sebanyak 43%.
The Effectiveness of Lavender Aromatherapy Technique on Pain Reduction of Post Caesarean Section Patients in Ajibarang Hospital
Authors: Haniyah Siti , Setyawati Martyarini Budi
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
The number of caesarean section birth in Indonesia were 22.8% or 921,000 out of 4,039,000 childbirth. The patients become conscious when the anesthetic effect disappears and they will feel pain in the incision area that makes them uncomfortable. One of the methods to reduce pain of Caesarean Section is lavender aromatherapy technique. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of lavender aromatherapy technique on pain reduction of caesarean section post-operative patients in Ajibarang hospital. This study was conducted by using a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest design. The samples were 22 respondents divided into two groups; 11 respondents received lavender aromatherapy treatment and 11 respondents were in the control group. Paired t test was used to describe pain scale differences in the control group and intervention. The results showed that there was a difference in the pain scale between lavender aromatherapy technique group and the control group with p value of 0.000. It can be concluded that lavender aromatherapy technique reduces pain in post-operative caesarian section patients.

ABSTRAK
Angka kejadian Caesarean section di Indonesia 921.000 dari 4.039.000 persalinan (22,8%) dari seluruh persalinan. Pasien akan mulai bergerak saat efek anastesi telah habis dan setelah itu mereka akan merasakan nyeri pada area pembedahan sehingga menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan. Salah satu metode untuk menangani Nyeri post Sectio C aesarea adalah dengan teknik aroma terapi lavender.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas teknik aroma terapi lavender terhadap nyeri pada pasien post operasi Caesarean section di RSUD Ajibarang Desain penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperiment with pretest-posttest design dengan sampel 22 responden terbagi menjadi 2 kelompok, 11 responden mendapatkan aroma terapi lavender, dan 11 responden sebagai kelompok kontrol. Uji beda dua mean antar kelompok menggunakan uji Paired T test. Terdapat perbedaan skala nyeri antara kelompok aroma terapi lavender dengan kelompok kontrol p value 0,000. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah: terdapat pengaruh antara teknik Aroma Terapi Lavender terhadap penurunan nyeri Post SC.
ACE Inhibitory and Antioxidative Bioactive Peptides Derived from Hydrolyzed Soy Milk
Authors: Hermanto Sandra , Septiana Annisa , Putera Deni K , Hatiningsih Fitriah , Muawanah Anna
Published: June 2019

Soy milk is a soybean processed product rich in protein as well as sources of bioactive peptides. Bioactive peptides defined as specific protein fragments that have a positive impact on body functions and conditions and may ultimately influence health. This study was conducted to explore the potential of hydrolyzed soy milk as a source of antioxidative and antihypertensive bioactive peptides through enzymatic hydrolysis. The initial treatment of soy milk protein was acidic precipitation with hydrochloric acid. Furthermore, protein precipitate was hydrolyzed using pepsin proteolytic enzyme with an enzyme: substrate ratio (1:5, 1:10 and 1:20). Protein hydrolysis was carried out for 0–48 hours at 37 °C in an acetate buffer pH 4.5. The soy milk protein hydrolysates were subjected to determination of % DH (Degree of Hydrolysis) and protein profile by SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). The antihypertensive assay was carried out by in vitro inhibition of the ACE enzyme (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) and antioxidative activity assay using the DPPH method. The results showed that the optimum conditions for hydrolysis of soy milk were obtained at 40 hours with a % DH value of 53.24% in enzyme ratio 1:20 and the highest antihypertensive activity was obtained from 48 hours hydrolysis with % ACE inhibition value of 79.31%. The highest antioxidative activity of bioactive peptide was obtained at hydrolysis 48 hours with IC50 69.1034 µg / ml. After fractionated and LCMS characterized it was obtained 2 bioactive peptides with molecular weights of 8.954 and 2,696 kDa. These bioactive peptides from hydrolyzed of soymilk might be potential as an antihypertensive agent and reduce oxidative stress.
Development of Urea Biosensor Based on Immobilized Urease in Chitosan Cryogel
Authors: Zusfahair Zusfahair , Ningsih Dian Riana , Lestari Elok Dwi Putri , Fatoni Amin
Published: June 2019

The development of biosensors using biological components has an important role in detecting the disease early because it has good selectivity and accuracy. In this study, a biosensor which made is a urea biosensor, based on immobilization urease in chitosan using adsorption techniques, to measure urea levels by colorimetric analysis with bromothymol blue (BTB) as an indicator. The purpose of this study was to find out how to measure urea levels using biosensors based on urease immobilization in chitosan and find out the biosensor performance including optimum enzymatic reaction time, linearity, the limit of detection, repetition, and determination of disrupting compounds. The study began with the making of an immobilization supporting matrix using chitosan which was made in the form of cryogel through an ionic gelation process which adsorbs the urease enzyme. Cryogel urease catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into NH4+ and CO2-. The reaction product was added with the BTB indicator, and the color change formed was measured using a spectrophotometer. The results showed that the performance of urea biosensors was good enough for urea level detection systems by producing enzymatic reaction times at 15 minutes, linearity at 0.9951, detection limit at 0.018 mM, not affected by the addition of 0.05 mM ascorbic acid and 0.4 mM uric acid. This urea biosensor can be used up to 5 repetitions.
Why Do Patients Decline Heart Failure Trials, and What Should We Do About It?
Authors: Shore Supriya , Speight Candace , Kelkar Anita , Kishore Divya , Dickert Neal
Published: June 2019

Background: Low patient enrollment in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) escalates costs, leads to under-representation of real-world patient populations, and delays generation of knowledge. Limited data exists on why patients decline participation in RCTs and what factors may lead to increased participation rates.

Methods: In-person and telephone interviews were conducted with 19 patients with congestive heart failure who declined participation in RCTs. Interviews were conducted using a structured interview guide. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and qualitative descriptive analysis was performed.

Results: Participants’ median age was 63 years (IQR 51.5-69), 42% were female, and 53% were Black or African-American. Only 6 participants could accurately describe the intervention and clearly understood design of the trial in which they were asked to participate. Most participants made the decision not to participate quickly; only 1 participant took time to deliberate. The most common reasons for not participating were concern for adverse events from the intervention being studied (n=15) and perception of participation being too burdensome (n=10). The most common suggestion provided to increase participant recruitment was involving primary care physicians or cardiologists known to the patients.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that patients often decide not to participate in clinical trials quickly, with relatively minimal understanding of the trial. Reasons for declining were heterogeneous, but the most common suggestions for improvement were engaging physicians known to them in the process of recruitment and making participation less burdensome. Addressing these issues may reduce barriers to participation and enhance respect for patients.
Comparative Genomics of Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus spp. isolated from Wastewater Treatment Plants
Authors: Sanderson Haley , Ortega-Polo Rodrigo , Zaheer Rahat , Goji Noriko , Amoako Kingsley K. , Brown R. Stephen , Majury Anna , Liss Steven N. , Mcallister Tim
Published: June 2019

Background

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered hotspots for the environmental dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants. Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) are candidates for gauging the degree of AMR bacteria in wastewater. E. faecalis and E. faecium are recognized indicators of fecal contamination in water. Genome comparisons of enterococci isolated from a conventional activated sludge (CAS) and biological aerated filter (BAF) WWTPs were conducted.

Results

VRE isolates, including E. faecalis (n=24), E. faecium (n=11), E. casseliflavus (n=2) and E. gallinarum (n=2), were selected for sequencing based on source, species and AMR phenotype. The pangenomes of E. faecium and E. faecalis were both open. The genomic fraction related to mobilome had a positive correlation with genome size in E. faecium (p < 0.001) and E. faecalis (p < 0.001) and with the number of AMR genes in E. faecium (p = 0.005). The AMR phenotype generally aligned with genotype. Genes conferring vancomycin resistance, including vanA and vanM (E. faecium), vanG (E. faecalis), and vanC (E. casseliflavus/E. gallinarum), were detected in 20 genomes. The most prominent groups of functional AMR genes were efflux pumps and transporters. A minimum of 16, 6, 5 and 3 virulence genes were detected in E. faecium, E. faecalis, E. casseliflavus and E. gallinarum genomes, respectively. Virulence genes were more common in E. faecalis and E. faecium, than E. casseliflavus and E. gallinarum. A number of mobile genetic elements were shared among species. Functional CRISPR/Cas arrays were detected in 13 E. faecalis genomes, with all but one also containing a prophage. The lack of a functional CRISPR/Cas arrays was associated with multi-drug resistance in E. faecium. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated differential clustering of isolates based on source but not based on WWTP. Genes related to phage and CRISPR/Cas arrays could potentially serve as environmental biomarkers.

Conclusions

There was no discernable difference between enterococcal genomes from the CAS and BAF WWTPs either before or after treatment. Understanding the impact of WWTPs on the dissemination of AMR in the environment will require knowledge of the mobility and upregulation of genes and the characterization of mobilomes within WWTPs and surrounding environments.
Metabolic Level and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis (HPGA) Function in Prepubertal Male Children with Simple Obesity and Sexual Retardation
Authors: Guo Shujuan , Li Guimei , Shao Peng , Yang Qiaozhi , Shang Xiaohong , Sun Yan
Published: June 2019

With the increasing morbidity of obesity in children and adolescents in worldwide,more and more diseases are recognized by people. Our aim was to study the effects of obesity on metabolic level and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function in prepubertal males.Ninety-two patients participated in our study and then were divided into two groups according to whether the peak value of LH was less than 4.8 mIU/ml in Gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH) stimulation test. All of them were underwent a comprehensive physical examination,laboratory tests and imaging examinations.The obesity with sexual retardation group in bone age, BMISDS, blood pressure, testicular volume and penile length, IGF-1SDS, HOMA-IR, AST, ALT, HDL-C, LDL-C and triglyceride were significantly different from control group (P < 0.01).There were significant differences in age, BMISDS, diastolic blood pressure, penile length and HDL-C between normal HPGA group and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism(HH) group (P < 0.01).FSH and INB had statistical differences before and after human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) stimulation test between the two groups(P < 0.05), while T and DHT had statistical differences after the test (P < 0.01).
Conclusion Prepubertal obesity can cause metabolic disorders and increase the risk of metabolic syndrome, and lead to sexual retardation.
Life’s Crucial Transition & Leads for Comprehensive Trajectory: Adolescents survey at physiological stages for prudent policies and refinements for practice
Authors: Jain Sunil , Mallick Abhishek , Thapar Rajeev Kumar
Published: June 2019

Background

Adolescent health information within new global health initiatives is advocated. Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) is among young people aged 13 to17 years. Early preventive and health promotion actions can be beneficial. With the objective of finding out the current health behaviors and protective factors at different physiological stages of adolescence this study was carried out.

Methods

School-based survey using self-administered questionnaire of adolescents studying in an Army Public School. The study parameters were Dietary behaviours, Hygienic practices, Mental health, Physical activity, and Protective factors. A total of 1232 adolescents were surveyed. Early adolescence (10-13years) participants were 760 and middle adolescence (14-17 years) were 472. Overall male: female ratio was 1.819: 1.

Results

The study findings reveal interesting trends. There is disparity between BMI findings and effort direction for weight. There is a sharp rise in number of girls making efforts to lose weight from early adolescence to middle adolescence (27.8% and 40.7% respectively). Hygienic practices are marginally short of 100%. Worry causing inability to sleep at night most of the times or always is reported by 9.2% -18.7%. There is sharp rise in number of girls feeling this from early to middle adolescence (9.8% to 18.7%). Adolescents spending three or more hours per day doing sitting activities are 25.6% - 38.6%. This is rising from early to middle adolescence, and sharply in girls. Protective factors are trending towards positive side.

Conclusions

Firstly accomplishing the advancements of adolescents’ health, the top priorities are (i) Popularizing the importance of ideal BMI (ii) Betterment of mental health for smooth transition across different stages of adolescence & being proactive for preventing worsening (iii) Promoting physical activity early & sustaining efforts, especially amongst adolescent girls. Secondly the ‘GSHS Questionnaire’ needs to be modified for fruits & vegetable consumption to how many servings/what part of plate and should include questions for details of physical activity likings of the girls.
Liver transplantation in Jehovah’s witnesses: 13 consecutive cases at a single Institution
Authors: Costanzo Diego , Bindi Maria , Ghinolfi Davide , Esposito Massimo , Forfori Francesco , De Simone Paolo , De Gasperi Andrea , Biancofiore Gianni
Published: June 2019

Jehovah's Witnesses represent a tremendous clinical challenge when indicated to liver transplantation because they refuse blood transfusion on religious grounds and the procedure is historically associated with potential massive peri-operative blood loss. We developed a peri-operative management pathway with strategies toward a transfusion-free environment in the respect of the patients’ religious beliefs. Briefly, our peri-operative multimodal strategy to liver transplantation in Jehovah's Witnesses includes a pre-operative red cell mass optimization package and the intra-operative use of normovolemic haemodilution, veno-venous bypass and low central venous pressure. In a 9-year period, 13 Jehovah’s Witness patients received liver transplantation at our centre representing the largest LT program from deceased donors in JW patients that has been reported so far. No patient received blood bank products but 3 had fibrinogen concentrate and one tranexamic acid to correct ongoing hyper-fibrinolysis. There were 4 cases of acute kidney injury (one required extracorporeal renal replacement treatment) and one patient needed vasoactive medications to support blood pressure for the first 2 postoperative days. Two patients underwent re-laparotomy. Finally, of the 13 recipients, 12 were alive at the 1 year follow-up interview and 1 died due to septic complications. Our experience confirms that liver transplantation in selected Jehovah's Witnesses patients can be feasible and safe provided that it is carried out at a very experienced centre and according to a multidisciplinary approach
A changing profile of infective endocarditis at a tertiary hospital in China: A retrospective study from 2001 to 2018
Authors: Ren Zuning , Mo Xichao , Chen Hongjie , Peng Jie
Published: June 2019

Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a lethal disease which has been changing significantly over the past decades; however, information about IE in China remains scarce. This study surveyed the changes in clinical characteristics of IE in southern China over a period of nearly eighteen years.
Methods: Medical records with IE patients consecutively hospitalized between June 2001 and June 2018 were selected from the electronic medical records system in Nanfang Hospital at Southern Medical University. Data were divided by admission time into two groups: early-period group, June 2001 to December 2009 and later-period group, January 2010 to July 2018.
Results: A Total of 313 IE patients were included in our study. Compared with the early-period group, patients in the later-period group included fewer intravenous drug users (IVDU), older age at onset, reduced development of pulmonary embolism, less renal dysfunction, decreased proportion of Staphylococcus aureus infection and fewer vegetations observed in the right heart by echocardiography. The later-period group also showed a higher proportion of ischemic strokes and higher rate of whole-blood culture positive compared with the early-period group. The in-hospital mortality rate remained about the same between the two periods.
Conclusions: Our study demonstrated a dramatic change in the profile and characteristics of IE over a period of eighteen years in southern China, especially the decrease in intravenous drug users (IVDU), which might be responsible for many other changes.
Human Bocavirus Infection Among Children with Respiratory Tract Infection in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Joseph Olajumoke Olufunmilayo , Faneye Adedayo Omotayo , Adeniji Johnson Adekunle
Published: June 2019

Background: Human Bocavirus (HBoV) which is a single stranded DNA virus of the family Parvoviridae, is responsible for 21.5% of childhood respiratory tract infections (RTI) annually. Among the four genotypes currently known, HBoV1 has been associated with acute respiratory tract infection. Although, there have been studies on HBoV in some countries, there is limited information on this virus in sub-Saharan Africa where there is the highest burden of RTI. This study aimed to characterize the circulating strains of HBoV in Ibadan, Nigeria.
Methods: Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab samples were collected from 333 children ≤5 years old presenting with RTI attending hospitals in Ibadan, whose parents assented from 2014 – 2015. HBoV isolates were sequenced after a nested PCR and phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Mega 6 software. The HBoV isolates of this study has been assigned the Genbank accession numbers KY701984 – KY702006.
Results: A total of 27 children tested positive for HBoV by PCR and 23 of the 27 isolates were successfully sequenced. The 23 HBoV isolates from this study were type as HBoV-1 genotype by phylogenetic analysis. Phylogram analysis indicated that the isolates belong to the same clades. Six Isolates aligned closely to the reference strains ST1 and ST2, while 17 isolates showed a high divergence to the reference isolates.
Conclusion: This study shows the contribution on HBoV in respiratory tract infections in Nigeria and that HBoV1 strain is the strain associated with the infection.
Prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness in three ecological regions of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Mohan Krishna , Sun Sunjuri Zhi Yu , Limbu Ben , Poudel Manish , Khanal Shankar Prasad , Pradhan Bandana , Shrestha Mangala
Published: June 2019

Background: Visual impairment and blindness are significant public health issues worldwide. The study aims to explore is the prevalence and causes of moderate to severe visual impairment and blindness across three ecological regions of Nepal. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts covering all ecological regions of Nepal. Intensive training for health workers was provided to conduct door-to-door visits for visual acuity testing using Snellen chart and refer the abnormal cases for comprehensive ocular examination by technicians and ophthalmologists to diagnose and treat ocular morbidities. Collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences and Stata software. Results: Altogether 5234 participants were enrolled in the study. The overall prevalence of moderate to severe visual impairment was 9.5% (4.7% in the Mountain district, 11.2% in the Hill district and 21.2% in the Tarai district), though the prevalence of MSVI was 1.5% in participants aged 15-49 years and 25.1% in those aged ≥50. The overall prevalence of blindness was 0.9%, and the prevalence of blindness in the 15-49 and ≥50 age groups was 0.2% and 2.3% respectively. Most cases of visual impairment and blindness (95.5%) were an avoidable cause, of which 93.7% were treatable and 1.8% were preventable. Overall, cataract was the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness (53.5%), followed by uncorrected refractive error (39.5%). Conclusion: The prevalence of visual impairment and blindness varied significantly with age, ethnicity and locality. The correction of refractive error and cataract surgery would reduce nine in ten cases of moderate to severe visual impairment and blindness.
Identification of a novel mutation in the CACNA1C gene in a Chinese family with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia
Authors: Chen Jiajun , Sun Yajuan , Liu Xiaoyang , Li Jia
Published: June 2019

Background: Hereditary ataxia is a group of neurodegenerative diseases with progressive cerebellar ataxia of the gait and limbs as the main symptoms. The genetic patterns of the disease are diverse but it is mainly divided into autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA) and autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia (ARCA), and about 45 pathogenic loci have been found in ADCA. The purpose of this study was to explore the genetic defect in a Chinese family with ADCA. Methods: A three-generation Chinese family with ADCA was enrolled in this study, Exome sequencing was conducted in four family members, including the proband, and verified by Sanger sequencing. Results: The rs779393130 mutation of the CACNA1C gene co-segregated with the ataxia phenotype in this family. The mutation was not detected in 50 unaffected controls. Conclusions: The rs779393130 mutation of CACNA1C may be associated with the phenotype of the disease. The CACNA1C gene encodes the Cav1.2 (alpha-1) subunit of an L-type calcium channel and this subunit may be related to the ADCA phenotype. These findings may have implications for family clinical monitoring and genetic counseling and may also help in understanding pathogenesis of this disease.
FE modeling of moving load effect on two span bridge
Authors: Valašková Veronika , Kuchárová Daniela
Published: June 2019

The problem of simulation of moving load effect on bridges is a relatively old problem. It was induced by the collapse of the Chester Rail Bridge in England in the year 1847 and can be traced in the literature since the year 1849. The new generation of young research workers is capable to contribute to the solution of the problem with new findings. The contribution is devoted to the modeling of the vehicle motion along a two-span bridge in the environment of the program system ADINA. The task is solved as a plane problem. It described the creation of a discrete computational model of vehicle with 8 degrees of freedom. The bridge is modeled using beam elements. It is assumed that the vehicle enters the bridge already vibrant. The vehicle and bridge response is modeled when vehicle driving at the speed of 70 km/h. The time course of oscillation of vehicle model's characteristic points and the oscillation of mid spans of individual bridge fields are shown graphically. Important results are given in numerical form. The Newmark's method is used for the solution of equations of motion.
Dynamic testing of the sub-base layer made from foam concrete using light weight deflectometer
Authors: Valaskova Veronika , Vlcek Jozef , Gago Filip , Drusa Marian
Published: June 2019

Foam concrete (FC) is little used material in construction practice and it has very good potential for utilization in the civil engineering and building construction. Nowadays, it is primarily used as a leveling layer in the floor of the buildings, but its utilizability is much wider because of its particular properties. Its main characteristics are its material property and that it consists of void pores. This allows to achieve the low bulk density and saving of material inputs. As a building material, it has adequate mechanical characteristics and low thermal conductivity. A series of dynamic testing using light weight deflectometer (LWD) was carried out to estimate the reliable value of the dynamic deformation modulus that can represent the quality of the sub-base made from foam concrete beside the bulk density investigation. Static strain moduli from the second load cycle is the common required value for the sub-base design. Due to larger stiffness and thus larger deflection radius, conventional PLT apparatus is not suitable for foam concrete testing. On the other hand, when adequate dynamic modulus based on the conventional strain modulus is determined, LWD testing is quick method for the foam concrete testing. This paper presents the first attempts to estimate this relation.
On a method of applied symbolic dynamics for investigation of dynamical systems
Authors: Ampilova Natalia , Soloviev Igor
Published: June 2019

We consider a method of applied symbolic dynamics which may be used to obtain wide spectrum of characteristics of complex dynamical systems: approximation of invariant sets, estimation of topological entropy and approximation of invariant measures. The method has received wide acceptance in studying complex dynamical systems. The main idea of the method is to describe the system behaviour approximately by means of an oriented graph (called symbolic image). Such a graph is a representation of symbolic dynamical system which is more appropriately known as topological Markov chain. There exists a correspondence between trajectories of a given system and paths on the graph, which allows us to design algorithms for estimation of topological entropy, approximate invariant measures of a given system by using stationary flows on the graph and calculate corresponding metric entropies. These values characterize complex behaviour of dynamical systems such as the existence of trajectories with large periods and chaotic regimes. The results of experiments are given for systems with chaotic dynamics.
Motion modes of the nonlinear mechanical system of the rotor autobalancer
Authors: Gorbenko Alexander , Strautmanis Guntis , Filimonikhin Gennadiy , Mezitis Mareks
Published: June 2019

The paper analyzes the possible motion modes of an unbalanced rotor with an auto-balancing device. It is shown that for given parameters of the system, there are several qualitatively different stable motion modes. Previously unknown types of motion modes are detected. It is found that for a given supercritical working rotor speed, the system can have at least three possible stable motion modes depending on the initial conditions of its motion. A qualitative analysis of the stability ranges of all possible motion modes of the system was performed.
The results of calculated and experimental determination of the frequency response of a mechanical system with gaps
Authors: Leontiev Mikhail , Nasonov Dmitry , Raevsky Vladimir , Volkhonskaya Anzhelika
Published: June 2019

For the first time, an explanation of the practical differences between the results of the calculated and experimental determination of the frequency response of a mechanical system with gaps is proposed in this paper.