bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subarachnoid hemorrhage complicated by cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ma Xinchen , Liao Libin , Huang Weiquan , Du Xiaoqiong , He Xuan , Sha Dujuan
Published: August 2023

Background
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an uncommon type of stroke. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is becoming more widely recognized as a possible complication of CVST, and this concomitant scenario frequently complicates diagnosis and prognosis.
Case presentation:
In this study, we report a rare case of CVST in a 76-year-old woman who presented with an isolated headache. The patient was diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage complicated by CVST by computed tomography venography (CTV) and magnetic resonance venography (MRV). Low molecular weight heparin (Fraxiparine, 4100 IU, subcutaneous injection, once every 12 hours) was administered for anticoagulation. The patient developed no recurrence of thrombosis during the 6-month follow-up period. The literature on similar cases was also reviewed.
Conclusions
Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of CVST when patients are treated for subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Combination of three microRNAs as serum diagnostic panel for bladder urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Li Hang , Li Rongkang , Li Xinji , Lu Chong , Ge Zhenjian , Lai Yongqing
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE
Bladder carcinoma (BC) is a malignant tumor that is formed in the bladder of the genitourinary system. The diagnosis at an early stage is directly associated with the improved overall survival of BC patients because a later stage usually means a poorer prognosis. Current methods to diagnose BC have various limitations, thus urologists call for novel effective non-invasive diagnostic markers. Herein, we identified miRNAs which can be used for the diagnosis of BC.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients with BC (n = 112) and healthy individuals (n = 112) were recruited and enrolled in this study. The quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was carried out for the measurement of miRNAs expression in serum. A two-phase test was proceeded for the identification, selection, and confirmation of the miRNAs that could be used for BC diagnosis. A backward stepwise logistic regression (BSLR) was conducted to establish a model containing these miRNAs with superior diagnostic performance. In addition, bioinformatics and survival analysis was exerted by analyzing database in Mirwalk, Enrichr, and OncoLnc.
RESULTS
Five significantly aberrant miRNAs with good diagnostic value were validated, namely miR-129-2-3p, miR-29c-3p, miR-149-3p, miR-138-5p, and miR-194-5p. Then three of them (miR-129-2-3p, miR-29c-3p, and miR-149-3p) were used to establish a diagnostic panel, in which the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.927 (95% CI: 0.876 to 0.962), providing both high sensitivity (92.68%) and specificity (80.49%).
CONCLUSION
In this study, a panel of three miRNAs (miR-129-2-3p, miR-29c-3p, and miR-149-3p) was developed, which could be used for the diagnosis of BC sensitively and specifically.
A high throughput sequence determination for one cyclic peptide immobilized on a single bead by MALDI-TOF-MS/MS focusing on discovery of interacting peptides and medicinal medium sized molecules
Authors: Kasama Takeshi , Nokihara Kiyoshi
Published: August 2023

One cyclic peptide immobilized on one gel-type bead has been attracting attention for use in the discovery of interacting peptides in protein recognition and/or medicinal medium sized molecules. Although high throughput characterization of peptides has been a bottleneck. Previously we have reported construction of high-quality bead-libraries of which diversity was ca 200 million, and encountered some difficulties such as restrictions of Edman-degradation and sequence dependent cleavability with ill defined termini on partial hydrolysis. This resulted in efficacy problems for construction of a subsequent second library for which the number of candidates were increased. The present work describes direct liberation from beads by a one-pot reaction using 2-nitro-5-thiocyanatobenzoic acid followed by off-line nanoscale liquid chromatography/matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analyses to realize faster and routine sequence determination of the peptide on the beads. The present method is useful for investigation of protein-protein interactions as well as discovery of drug candidates.
The role of H. pylori virulence marker, cagA gene, in miRNA-629 expression
Authors: Soares Caroline dos Reis Rodrigues , Silva Lucas Matheus Vieira da , Almeida Bianca Reis , Pereira Jéssica Nunes , Santos Mônica Pezenatto dos , Barbosa Mônica Santiago , Smith Marília de Arruda Cardoso , Payão Spencer Luiz Marques , Rasmussen Lucas Trevizani
Published: August 2023

Background
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium associated with the etiology of several gastrointestinal tract pathologies, and cagA-positive (cagA+) strains are found in populations with gastric ulcers and precancerous lesions, inducing pro-inflammatory responses. The development of neoplasms is related to microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation, indicating highly expressed miRNA-629. The article aims to correlate the expression level of miRNA-629 with the presence of H. pylori and the pathogenicity marker cagA.
Methods
203 gastric biopsy samples were evaluated from individuals with normal gastric tissue (n = 60), gastritis (n = 96), and gastric cancer (n = 47) of both genders and over 18 years old. The samples were subdivided according to the presence or absence of H. pylori, detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RNA was extracted using a commercial kit and quantified. Complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized using commercial kits, and the relative expression was calculated using the 2−ΔΔCt method.
Results
Individuals infected with H. pylori are nine times more likely to develop gastric cancer. Cancer patients appeared to have decreased expression of miRNA-629; however, the presence of the bacterium would not influence this reduction. Individuals in the cancer group showed lower miRNA-629 expression when cagA+; however, in the control group, the expression was higher when cagA+.
Conclusion
H. pylori is a factor involved in the etiology and progression of gastric diseases. Reduction in miRNA-629 expression in cancer patients occurs independent of the presence of the bacterium, but when the cagA pathogenicity marker is present, it induces changes in the gene expression of the respective miRNA.
The Impact of the Vaginal Microbiome on Vaginal Epithelial Wound Healing
Authors: Shi Joe Y , Bergerat-Thompson Agnes M , Mitchell Caroline M
Published: August 2023

The human microbiome has been shown to be an important player in a variety of health outcomes. Within the female genital tract specifically, clinical data has shown an association between bacterial vaginosis-associated anaerobes and postoperative infections after pelvic surgery. This study investigates vaginal epithelial healing when exposed to conditioned media from commensal Lactobacillus spp. and BV-associated spp. using an in vitro model. We demonstrated improved wound healing when exposed to Lactobacillus conditioned media when compared to that of pathogenic bacteria. These differences in wound healing corresponded to increased levels of CM-CSF, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, TNF-a, and VEGF as well as decreased levels of IL-1B and IFN-γ. These findings suggest an important role for the vaginal microbiome in tissue healing potentially mediated by modifiable immunologic markers.
Effect of cervical incompetence in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome enduring second- trimester abortion during the frozen-embryo transfer cycle: A retrospective study
Authors: Cheng Tingting , Shi Hao , Bu Zhiqin , Yu Yiping , Song Wenyan , Jin Haixia , Yao Guidong
Published: August 2023

Background
Second-trimester abortion is a critical issue in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) treated with the assisted reproductive technology (ART). Cervical incompetence (CI) is suspected to play a key role in the second-trimester abortions. We aimed to investigate the association between CI and second-trimester abortion in women with PCOS, especially during the frozen-embryo transfer cycle.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent frozen-thawed embryo transfer and experienced second-trimester abortion between January 2012 to January 2020. Logit-transformed propensity score matching (PSM) was used to assess covariates. The primary objective was to examine the impact of CI on the occurrence of mid-pregnancy abortion in a population undergoing frozen-embryo transfer, and to identify the factors associated with it during the gestational period ranging from 13 weeks 0 days to 27 weeks 6 days. Patients were classified into PCOS and non-PCOS groups, and CI and non-CI subgroup analyses were conducted.
Results
Overall, 278 patients were included: 139 each in the PCOS group and the non-PCOS groups. In the PCOS group, a greater proportion of miscarriages were attributed to CI compared to the control group (P = 0.019). Subsequently, CI and non-CI subgroup analyses were performed, revealing a higher incidence of transfer cleavage-stage embryos in the CI group than in the blastocysts group (P = 0.001). Moreover, the miscarriage-related gestational age varied significantly between the two groups (CI group: 22 weeks; control group: 20 weeks; P = 0.039). The results showed no statistically significant differences in the three different endometrial preparation protocols, endometrial thickness, basal serum testosterone level, the number of embryos transferred, and the interval between oocyte retrieval and thawing. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that cleavage embryo transfer (95% confidence interval: 1.009–4.206, P: 0.047) was associated with increased risk of CI in the PCOS group.
Conclusions
CI independently predicted a higher risk of second-trimester abortion in patients with PCOS during the frozen-embryo transfer cycle. Blastocyst transfer may be beneficial for these individuals, and further research should explore the potential use of prophylactic cervical cerclage or drug therapy to improve pregnancy outcomes in women with PCOS.
Plasmodium knowlesi in pig-tailed macaques: a new model for malaria vaccine research
Authors: Shears Melanie J. , Reynolds Rebekah A. , Duncombe Caroline J. , Watson Felicia N. , Staubus Weston J. , Chavtur Chris , Seilie Annette M. , Tran Tuan M. , Chakravarty Sumana , Hoffman Stephen L. , Murphy Sean C.
Published: August 2023

Background
Plasmodium knowlesi (Pk) is an established experimental model for basic and pre-clinical malaria vaccine research. Historically, rhesus macaques have been the most common host for malaria vaccine studies with Pk parasites. However, rhesus are not natural hosts for Pk, and there is interest in identifying alternative hosts for vaccine research. The study team previously reported that pig-tailed macaques (PTM), a natural host for Pk, could be challenged with cryopreserved Pk sporozoites (PkSPZ), with time to blood stage infection equivalent to in rhesus. Here, additional exploratory studies were performed to evaluate PTM as potential hosts for malaria vaccine studies. The aim was to further characterize the parasitological and veterinary health outcomes after PkSPZ challenge in this macaque species.
Methods
Malaria-naïve PTM were intravenously challenged with 2.5x103 PkSPZ and monitored for blood stage infection by Plasmodium 18S rRNA RT-PCR and thin blood smears. Disease signs were evaluated by daily observations, complete blood counts, serum chemistry tests, and veterinary examinations. After anti-malarial drug treatment, a subset of animals was re-challenged and monitored as above. Whole blood gene expression analysis was performed on selected animals to assess host response to infection.
Results
In naïve animals, the kinetics of Pk blood stage replication was reproducible, with parasite burden rising linearly during an initial acute phase of infection from 6–11 days post-challenge, before plateauing and transitioning into a chronic low-grade infection. After re-challenge, infections were again reproducible, but with lower blood stage parasite densities. Clinical signs of disease were absent or mild and anti-malarial treatment was not needed until the pre-defined study day. Whole blood gene expression analysis identified immunological changes associated with acute and chronic phases of infection, and further differences between initial challenge versus re-challenge.
Conclusions
The ability to challenge PTM with PkSPZ and achieve reliable blood stage infections indicate this model has significant potential for malaria vaccine studies. Blood stage Pk infection in PTM is characterized by low parasite burdens and a benign disease course, in contrast with the virulent Pk disease course commonly reported in rhesus macaques. These findings identify new opportunities for malaria vaccine research using this natural host-parasite combination.
Transmitted Data Security using Transformation Distribution Encoder and Residue Number System
Authors: Giwa Tawakalitu Afoluwaso , Abiodun Oludare Isaac , Omolara Abiodun Esther
Published: August 2023

Different encryption algorithms such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Rivest, Shamir, Adleman (RSA) were proposed to protect the privacy of the transmitted data. However, most of these existing methods are vulnerable to a brute-force attack because the cipher text remains unintelligible until the original data is found. Consequently, this problem prompted researchers to introduce honey encryption (HE). HE helps to withstand the vulnerability of the encryption algorithms in brute force attacks making transmitted data more secure and efficient. Hence to reduce processing time we proposed a hybridized HE with Residue Number System. Traditional Moduli Set {2n-1, 2n, 2n + 1} was used to generate the Key while Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT), and HE technique were used for decrypting the data, based on the Distribution Transformation Decoder (DTE). Thus, anytime an attacker tries to access the data, so long the length of the guessed key is the same as the original key, the HE algorithm will generate meaningful but fake data, this helps to deter an attacker from further threat. The result showed that the proposed system was able to withstand brute force attacks with less processing time compared to other systems. N-values for the moduli set used were varied against encryption and decryption time. Comparing the obtained results with the existing system, the proposed system processing time was faster and more secure.
Parameter estimation of polyphase coded radar signal based on FRFT
Authors: Dong Jinpeng , Chen Shiwen , Sun Gangyin , Wu Chaopeng
Published: August 2023

Due to the complex intra-pulse modulation of polyphase code signals, most research on intra-pulse parameter estimation algorithms has focused on utilizing techniques such as the Wigner Hough transform (WHT), Radon Wigner transform (RAT), and other methods. In this paper, we studied the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) normalized spectrum of polyphase coded signals and derived a mathematical model to prove the impulse characteristic of the polyphase coded spectrum under optimum order. This is the theoretical basis for the fourth-order origin moment as the objective function, and an algorithm based on FRFT is proposed to estimate the intra-pulse parameters of polyphase coded signals. Through simulation experiments, it was shown that the algorithm has a good parameter estimation effect and low computational time, making it suitable for engineering practice. Furthermore, considering the difficulty in obtaining prior information on parameters in non-cooperative environments, which leads to the inapplicability of evaluation standard such as mean square error (MSE), we proposed an evaluation standard for parameter estimation based on a posteriori models. Through simulation experiments, this standard was proven to be as persuasive as MSE.
Health System Resilience Strengthening Processes in natural disaster-prone Insular Countries: Cases of Saint Lucia, Dominica, and Haiti
Authors: Louis Patricia St , Paul Elisabeth
Published: August 2023

Health systems resilience (HSR) refers to "the ability of health sector actors, institutions and communities to effectively withstand crises, maintain their essential functions in such circumstances and, learning from experience, reorganise accordingly". In the Caribbean, the need for resilient health systems has never been more critical. To withstand the acute or chronic shocks constantly experienced (natural disasters, staff shortages), these systems need to build or strengthen their capacity. However, despite the general recognition of HSR's key role, research on the subject remains limited in this region and a further understanding of its construction in such contexts remains necessary. This study aims to explore, analyse, and understand the mechanisms of health systems resilience (HSR) development in natural disaster-prone Caribbean countries. It involves a multiple case study covering three countries in the Caribbean region: St Lucia, Dominica, and Haiti. The study intends to be exploratory and explanatory, and it adopts a mixed quantitative and qualitative methodology. It is articulated in two sections, with respectively a theoretical and an empirical emphasis. Drawing on the conceptual frameworks provided by Kruk & al, 2017; Grimm & al, 2021 and Thomas, S & al, 2020 the first section involves a literature review supplemented by structured interviews, focus groups and a quantitative questionnaire to assess each country's HSR status. The triangulation of the collected information will serve to develop a conceptual framework adapted to these contexts. The second, empirical section will consist of a realist evaluation of selected HSR projects carried out within the respective countries. Building on the results from the first section, the focus lies on identifying Context-Mechanism-Effect (CME), semi-regularities consistent with the realist evaluation approach. Once collected, the relevant information will be analysed in order to select the CME patterns which can be extended to similar contexts as well as to derive conclusions for the construction of the cases and the attainment of the overall research objective. This study aspires to enrich the understanding and materialisation of HSR in these specific contexts and to contribute to the scientific literature devoted to this subject across the region.
Single-cell Sequencing Data Reveals Aggressive CD68-type
Macrophages and Prognostic Models in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Mao Chenyu , Xu Nong
Published: August 2023

Background:

The highly heterogeneous, complex pathological histology, and
clinical phenotype in bladder cancer (BC) plague the prognostic management of BC to
the present day.

Methods:

This study was conducted using single-cell sequencing data from the gene expression
omnibus (GEO) database (GSE135337). A descending, annotated analysis was
performed to identify the cell types contributing to BC aggressiveness. BC cell sequencing
data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were then combined with univariate,
least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), multivariate COX regression
analysis to identify biomarkers of BC prognosis to construct a BC. We identified
biomarkers of BC prognosis to construct a prognostic risk guidance system for BC.
The feedback of patients in different risk strata to immunotherapy was analyzed. Finally,
the regulation of prognostic genes on cancer cell activity was verified in vitro by Western
blot and cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assays.

Results:

Macrophages specifically expressing CD68 in BC were the cell type with the
highest AUCell score, and CD68 was the biomarker of Tumor-associated macrophages
(TAMs). CD68 macrophages were potentially the critical cell type in the aggressive BC
subtype. Through univariate, LASSO, multivariate COX-based regression analysis.
CTSS, GMFG, ANXA5, GSN, SLC2A3, and FTL were authenticated as prognostic biomarkers
(p < 0.05) and composed the Risk Score. Patients in the low-risk group showed
an excellent survival advantage (p < 0.01) and immunotherapy feedback. Additionally, inhibition
of GSN expression decreased EMT activity to inhibit bladder cancer cell viability.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, this study provided feedback on the immune cell types associated
with aggressiveness in BC. Importantly, a prognostic management system for BC
was created based on the genes involved, providing more insight into the aggressive
pathological phenotype as well as the prognosis of BC.
Multiple Parotid Sebaceous Lymphadenoma: A Case Report and Review of the
Literature
Authors: Yang Yanhui , Tang Mengjie , Wang Zhiyuan , Fu Yi , Yu Xiaoping
Published: August 2023

Introduction/Background:

Sebaceous lymphadenoma is a rare parotid gland neoplasm. Up to now, there have been several studies that have discussed the imaging manifestations of salivary sebaceous lymphadenoma. In this paper, we have reported a case of multiple parotid sebaceous lymphadenoma demonstrated by ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI examinations, including diffusion-weighted imaging. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first one on DWI findings of sebaceous lymphadenomas, and also the first report on multiple lesions in unilateral parotid gland.

Case Presentation:

A 41-year-old woman presented with a nodule in the left parotid region. The lesion has grown slowly for 2 months and was not associated with any discomfort. Ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI examinations, including diffusion-weighted imaging, showed multiple nodules in the left parotid gland of a 41-year-old woman. These nodules were heterogeneous on CT scan and MRI examinations, and intratumorally multifocal fat and cystic areas were detected. On ultrasound examination images, these lesions were heterogeneous hypoechoic echotexture with multifocal irregular hyperechogenic areas, without significant blood flow. The patient underwent a left parotidectomy. Histopathologic sections showed nests of sebocytes distributed in lymphoid follicles and lymphocyte background, with obvious cystic changes. The patient recovered after receiving left parotidectomy. The microscopy diagnosis was parotid sebaceous lymphadenoma.

Conclusion:

This case highlights the main imaging feature of parotid sebaceous lymphadenomas, namely an intraparotid heterogeneous nodule containing multifocal fat and cystic areas, and its possible origination from an intraparotid lymph node. This case also indicates that this rare lesion may occur at multiple sites.
Identifying Tumor Deposits in Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer:
using Multiplanar High-Resolution T2WI
Authors: Lv Baohua , Cheng Xiaojuan , Cheng Yanling , Wang Zhaohua , Jin Erhu
Published: August 2023

Background:

The prognosis of postoperative tumor deposits (TDs) is worse than positive lymph node metastases alone.

Objective:

To detect TDs by using multiplanar high-resolution T2-weighted imaging (HRT2WI).

Material and Methods:

This retrospective study enrolled 130 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Using pathology-proven tumor deposits (pTDs) as the gold standard, all patients were divided into the pTDs-negative and pTDs-positive groups, the correlation of clinicopathological factors and image features [such as MRI-detected tumor deposits (mTDs), MRI-detected metastatic lymph node (mLN), MRI-detected extramural vascular invasion (mEMVI), maximal extramural depth (EMD), etc.] with pTDs were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, and the nomogram was established based on the latter. The diagnostic efficiency was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis and area under curve (AUC).

Results:

mTDs, mLN, mEMVI, and EMD were significantly different between the pTDs-positive and pTDs-negative groups (P < 0.05), with the AUC of 0.767, 0.746, 0.664 and 0.644, respectively. mTDs and mLN were independent risk factors for pTDs (odds ratio: 5.74 and 3.90, P < 0.05). The AUC, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the nomogram were 0.814 (95% CI: 0.720 ~ 0.908), 73.9%, 79.4%, 93.4%, and 78.5%, respectively. Seventeen of 23 patients with pTDs were identified as mTDs, with a moderate agreement between pTDs and mTDs (Kappa=0.419).

Conclusion:

Multiplanar HRT2WI can be used as a preoperative diagnostic tool to identify TDs in LARC. The combined model constructed by mTDs and mLN shows a good diagnostic performance for TDs.
A Mini-review on Helicobacter pylori with Gastric Cancer and Available Treatments
Authors: Jacob Teresa V. , Doshi Gaurav M.
Published: August 2023

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most thoroughly researched etiological component for stomach inflammation and malignancies. Even though there are conventional recommenda-tions and treatment regimens for eradicating H. pylori, failure rates continue to climb. Antibiotic resistance contributes significantly to misdiagnoses, false positive results, and clinical failures, all of which raise the chance of infection recurrence. This review aims to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance in H. pylori and discuss novel approaches for detecting genotypic resistance. Modulation of drug uptake/ efflux, biofilm, and coccoid development. Newer genome sequencing approaches capable of detecting H. pylori genotypic resistance are presented. Prolonged infection in the stomach causes major problems such as gastric cancer. The review discusses how H. pylori causes stomach cancer, recent biomarkers such as miRNAs, mo-lecular pathways in the development of gastric cancer, and diagnostic methods and clinical trials for the disease. Efforts have been made to summarize the recent advancements made toward early diagnosis and novel therapeutic approaches for H. pylori-induced gastric cancer.
Формирование биосовместимых SiC-нанотрубок "сверху-вниз"
Authors: Буравлев А.Д. , Казакин А.Н. , Нащекина Ю.А. , Нащекин А.В. , Убыйвовк Е.В. , Астраханцева В.А. , Осипов А.В. , Святец Г.В. , Кукушкин С.А.
Published: August 2023

При проведении экспериментов по синтезу слоев карбида кремния на монокристаллических подложках кремния с помощью метода согласованного замещения атомов обнаружено, что образование тонких пленок карбида кремния может сопровождаться формированием массивов нанотрубок карбида кремния произрастающих в глубь кремниевых подложек. Таким образом, впервые обнаружен новый механизм образования карбид-кремниевых нанотрубок ---"сверху-вниз". Ключевые слова: карбид кремния, нанотрубки, пар-жидкость-кристалл, формирование наноструктур.
Разработка одномодового РОС-гетеролазера с выводом излучения под углом к поверхности структуры
Authors: Барышев В.Р. , Егорова Е.Д. , Гинзбург Н.С. , Кочаровская Е.Р. , Малкин А.М. , Заславский В.Ю. , Морозов С.В. , Сергеев А.C.
Published: August 2023

We study a possibility of implementing a single-mode DFB heterolaser with inclined (with respect to the surface of the structure) output of the generated radiation. We find the periodic dielectric structure shape that makes it possible to realize the distributed feedback for wavebeams propagating along the structure and, at the same time, to ensure the output of up to 70% of the generated radiation power in the inclined direction. Within the framework of the semiclassical quasi-optical model, the possibility of stationary lasing regimes is shown for finite lateral dimensions of the Bragg structure.
Слабая антилокализация в сильно разупорядоченном двумерном полуметалле в квантовой яме HgTe
Authors: Ольшанецкий Е.Б. , Квон З.Д. , Михайлов Н.Н.
Published: August 2023

Weak localization in a highly disordered quantum well CdxHg1−xTe/HgTe/CdxHg1−xTe with a thickness of d = 20 nm is experimentally investigated. An analysis is made of the anomalous positive magnetoresistance (APM) caused by the suppression of the interference correction to the conductivity by a magnetic field on both sides of the charge neutrality point: for a two-dimensional semimetal and for a two-dimensional electronic metal. For the same values of resistivity, the APM peak in a 2D semimetal has a much wider width than in a 2D electron gas. A quantitative comparison of the obtained results with the theory allows, in particular, to conclude that the intensity of carrier transitions between subsystems in the 2D semimetal binary system is maximum near the charge neutrality point, where the concentrations of electrons and holes are close, and decreases as the difference in concentrations increases.
Влияние адсорбированной макромолекулы на подвижность носителей в однослойном графене: модель оборванных связей
Authors: Давыдов С.Ю. , Лебедев А.А.
Published: August 2023

Within the framework of the previously proposed model (S.Yu. Davydov. Phys. Solid State 64, 2018 (2022)), in which the interaction of a macromolecule (MM) with single-layer graphene (SLG) is carried out by stitching of dangling MM bonds with carbon atoms, the effect of these stitching on the mobility of carriers in graphene was studied. It is shown that short-range scattering of MM-SLG stitching prevails over Coulomb scattering. It has also been found that the effect of induced by stitching graphene deformation on mobility can be neglected compared to short-range scattering. The cases of free and epitaxial graphene are considered. The use of the MM-SLG-substrate structure as the basis of a biosensor is discussed.
О применимости универсальной функции Линдхарда для описания сечений рассеяния атомных частиц
Authors: Бабенко П.Ю. , Зиновьев А.Н.
Published: August 2023

It is shown that the application of the universal Lindhard function for calculating the scattering cross section of atomic particles is, as a rule, limited to the region of scattering angles less than 20. The results obtained for various popular interaction potentials are compared with the available experimental data. It is shown that the presence of inelastic channels in scattering leads to the appearance of additional maxima in the scattering cross section. Recommendations are given on the use of the universal Lindhard function to describe quasi-elastic scattering in the region =·sin(/2)>0.01,  is the reduced impact energy,  is the scattering angle. At high energies, the scattering is well described by screened Coulomb potentials, and the application of the Lindhard function provides an accuracy of 10% for calculating the scattering cross sections.
Формирование плазмы в атмосфере азота импульсным электронным пучком вблизи диэлектрической мишени при форвакуумных давлениях
Authors: Казаков А.В. , Окс Е.М. , Панченко Н.А.
Published: August 2023

Features of the processes of beam plasma formation near a dielectric (aluminum oxide ceramic) target being irradiated by an intense pulsed electron beam in the forevacuum pressure range (4–15 Pa) have been investigated. It has been established that the density of the beam plasma near the irradiated dielectric target is higher than in the case of "free" propagation of the electron beam. The observed increase in plasma density depends on the emission current (electron beam current), gas pressure, and accelerating voltage. The influence of the dielectric target on the beam plasma density is due to emission of electrons from the target surface and the uncompensated negative potential on the target surface, which determines the energy of emitted electrons. An increase in gas pressure leads to a smaller increase in the beam plasma density due to a decrease in the absolute value of the negative potential. Varying the electron beam current and accelerating voltage provide to control the beam plasma density.
Убегающие электроны в газовом диоде с клиновидным катодом
Authors: Зубарев Н.М. , Зубарева О.В. , Яландин М.И.
Published: August 2023

The features of electron runaway in a gas diode with a wedge-shaped cathode providing a sharply inhomogeneous distribution of the electric field in the interelectrode gap are studied. It is shown that the character and conditions of runaway are qualitatively different for wedges with relatively large and small opening angles, i.e., in fact, for different degrees of field inhomogeneity. In the first case, the transition to the runaway mode is determined by the behavior of electrons in the immediate vicinity of their starting point, the vertex of the wedge-shaped cathode. For a wedge close in shape to a blade (opening angle less than 30 degrees), the relative contribution of the braking force for electrons in the gas increases with distance from the cathode, and their behavior at the periphery, near the anode, begins to play a key role in the analysis of runaway conditions. The influence of an external magnetic field on the geometry of the ionized region near the wedge vertex, starting from which the electrons become runaways, is also discussed.
Калориметрическое исследование Al-xSi-2 wt% Cu силумина с 15, 17 и 20 wt% кремния
Authors: Якушев П.Н. , Осипов В.Н. , Берштейн В.А. , Никаноров С.П.
Published: August 2023

Effect of a solidification rate and silicon content on aluminum silicon eutectic and intermetallic phase of Al-Si-Cu alloys by differential scanning calorimetry is studied. Ultimate tensile strength of the alloy is analyzed on the base of observed microstructure and volumes of phases, estimated from the measured values of the melting enthalpy.
Магнитоэлектрический гиратор на основе трехслойных симметричных структур: теория и эксперимент
Authors: Филиппов Д.А. , Галкина Т.А. , Маничева И.Н. , Zhang Jitao
Published: August 2023

The work is devoted theoretical and experimental studies of a magnetoelectric gyrator, consisting of an inductor coil, inside which there is a magnetoelectric heterostructure, which is a mechanically connected piezoelectric layer and two magnetic layers. Using the system of equations of elasto- and electrodynamics for the piezoelectric and magnetostrictive phases, expressions are obtained for the current/voltage conversion coefficient of the gyrator in terms of the phase parameters of the heterostructure. An experimental sample of a gyrator based on the Metglas/PZT/Metglas heterostructure was fabricated. Theoretically calculated and experimentally studied the frequency and load characteristics of the gyrator. It is shown that theoretical calculations are in good agreement with experimental data. Recommendations for the creation of gyrators with the highest current/voltage conversion efficiency are presented.
Кремниевые дифференциальные фотоприемники. Технология, характеристики, применение
Authors: Гаврушко В.В. , Ионов А.С. , Кадриев О.Р. , Ласткин В.А.
Published: August 2023

A silicon-based photodetector containing two identical n+-p photodiodes is described. One of the photodiodes had a wide spectral response with high sensitivity in the ultraviolet region. The sensitivity of the second was reduced in the short-wavelength part of the spectrum by creating additional recombination centers in the near-surface region by implanting As ions. The spectral sensitivity of the differential signal obtained by subtracting photocurrents had a pronounced short-wavelength characteristic. The long-wavelength limit of the spectral range in terms of the λ0.5 level, depending on the doping dose, was in the range of 0.37 — 0.47 μm. The sensitivity maximum corresponded to λmax=0.32 — 0.37 μm. The electrical and noise characteristics of the photodetector are given. The possibility of using differential photodetectors as two-color ones is shown.
Расчетно-экспериментальная оценка реакции волоконного лазера на импульсное воздействие тормозного излучения
Authors: Дубровских С.М. , Ткачев О.В. , Шукайло В.П. , Слобожанин А.Н. , Афанасьев А.Н.
Published: August 2023

Experiments have been carried out to study the transient radiation-induced absorption in the active core of a double-clad ytterbium fiber and the response of a laser based on it under the impact of pulsed X-rays. It has been found that the time of loss of laser performance (downtime) under pulsed irradiation increases with an increase in the absorbed dose rate of radiation and a decrease in the laser pump power and reaches values of ~1 ms. An analysis of the experimental results shows that the laser response to the action of X-rays pulse is determined by radiation-induced losses in the active fiber core. A experimental-calculated method for estimating the radiation reaction of a laser, based on the results of studies of the active fiber, is proposed.
PARALLEL IMPORTS IN TRADEMARKS
Authors: Sujatmiko Agung
Published: August 2023

According to Article 3 of Act Number 15 of 2001 on Trademark, the exclusive nature of trademark rights legalizes monopoly. Based on this exclusivity, the right holders of trademarks can decide when and where they can first introduce a trademarked product to the market. This right is known as a distribution right. Once marketed however, the right holder cannot prevent their trademarked product being imported outside of the initial chosen market (exhaustion of rights). Menurut Pasal 3 UU Nomor 15 Tahun 2001 tentang Merek, bahwa hak atas merek bersifat khusus. Hak tersebut bersifat monopoli. Berdasarkan hak eksklusifnya, pemegang hak merek dapat memutuskan kapan dan dimana dia akan meletakkan produk yang terkait dengan kreasi intelektualnya di pasaran untuk pertama kalinya. Hal itu dinamakan hak distribusi. Manakala telah diputuskan pemasarannya, maka yang bersangkutan tidak dapat mencegah produk kreasi intelektualnya itu diimpor diluar wilayah pemasaran yang telah dipilihnya pertama kali (exhaustion right).
THE RECOGNITION OF THE LEGAL STANDING OF ENVIRONMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Winarni Fajar
Published: August 2023

This study aims to identify and assess the recognition of the legal standing of environmental organizationsin Indonesia as well as to identify and assess the suitability of the use of legal standing environmental organizations with Article 92 of Law Number 32 of 2009 on the Protection and Environmental Management (UUPPLH). This research is normative. Data were analysed by descriptive qualitative. Research showsthat environmental organizations are very effective push policy reforms and changes attitudes and behaviour of government and business. Legal standing not just filed to the court, but also to the Administrative Court and the Constitutional Court. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji diakuinya legal standing organisasi lingkungan hidup di Indonesia serta untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji kesesuaian penggunaan legal standing organisasi lingkungan hidup dengan Pasal 92 Undang-Undang Number 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (UUPPLH). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa organisasi lingkungan hidup sangat efektif mendorong pembaruan kebijakan dan mengubah sikap serta perilaku Pemerintah dan pelaku usaha. Legal standing diajukan tidak hanya ke Pengadilan Negeri, namun juga ke PTUN dan Mahkamah Konstitusi.
THE MELTING POT OF LEGAL SYSTEMS IN INDONESIA (READING THE LEGAL POLITICS OF INDONESIAN ISLAMIC LAW)
Authors: Nuzul Andi
Published: August 2023

Islamic law is integrated into but stands independently from Indonesia’s national law. It is integrated in the sense that its substance has been absorbed into the legal systems through laws and other legal rulings and binds all Indonesian citizens. It is independent however, in the sense that its substance governs the internal conduct of Muslims. Islamic law has strengthened the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, especially after the amendments of the 1945 Constitution, whose legal system is not onlybased on the idea of a rechtsstaat or rule of law, but is also based upon elements of religious laws. Hukum Islam dalam sistem hukum nasional Indonesia bersifat integratif dan mandiri. Integratif berarti materi atau substansi hukumnya masuk menjadi bagian produk peraturan perundang-undangan, bersifatmengikat (imperatif) untuk seluruh warga negara. Bersifat mandiri, manakala materi atau substansihukumnya bersifat mengatur secara interen kalangan umat Islam. Hukum Islam menguatkan NegaraKesatuan Republik Indonesia terutama pasca amandamen UUD tahun 1945, sistem hukumnya tidak hanya berlandaskan pada prinsip negara hukum rechtsstaat ataupun the rule of law, tetapi juga berlandaskan pada unsur-unsur dari hukum agama.
MEKANISME PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN ANGGARAN PENDAPATAN DAN BELANJA DAERAH (STUDI KASUS D.I. YOGYAKARTA)
Authors: Yuniza Mailinda Eka , Nugroho Adrianto Dwi
Published: August 2023

The Regional Budget Implementation Accountability (PPAPBD) mechanism is a part of the regional financing management process applicable subsequent to the formulation of draft APBD, approval ofthe draft APBD by the Regional House of Representatives, validation by the Central Government,enactment of draft APBD to be APBD, and implementation of APBD. In a normative manner, the PPAPBDmechanism is a series of supervisory procedures performed by budget-supervisory institutions, amongothers include the Board of Financial Audit (BPK), the Ministry for Domestic Affairs, and the RegionalHouse of Representatives. Within the field of administrative law, the PPAPBD mechanism is a form of administrative supervision performed in order to establish good governance in accordance with the General Principles of Good Governance (AUPB). Mekanisme Pertanggungjawaban Pelaksanaan APBD (PPAPBD) merupakan bagian dari proses pengelolaan keuangan daerah setelah proses penyusunan Rancangan APBD, persetujuan RAPBD oleh DPRD, pengesahan APBD oleh Pemerintah Pusat, penetapan menjadi APBD, dan pelaksanaanAPBD selesai dilakukan. Secara normatif, mekanisme PPAPBD merupakan suatu rangkaian prosedurpengawasan yang dilakukan oleh instansi-instansi yang memiliki fungsi pengawasan anggaran, antaralain Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (BPK), Kementerian Dalam Negeri, dan Dewan Perwakilan RakyatDaerah (DPRD). Dalam konteks hukum administrasi negara, mekanisme PPAPBD merupakan bentukpengawasan demi terwujudnya pemerintahan yang baik sesuai dengan antara lain Asas-Asas UmumPemerintahan yang Baik (AUPB).
SURROGATE MOTHER DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PIDANA INDONESIA
Authors: Muntaha Mr.
Published: August 2023

The development of science and technology, in particular in the field of health, has already recently brought a huge advantage and problem in human life. An example of technological marvel that not only requires deep legal thoughts but also at the same time solution is the bio-medical technology advancement of surrogacy. Surrogacy deals with human’s inclination towards reproductive activity. However, it opens up legal complication, in particular with regards to the potential commission of a criminal action as well as to the notion of doctor’s liability. Perkembangan ilmu dan teknologi di bidang kesehatan yang semakin maju dan pesat telah membawa berbagai manfaat dan masalah dalam kehidupan manusia dewasa ini. Salah satu perkembangan yang tidak hanya membutuhkan pemikiran di bidang hukum, tetapi juga sekaligus solusinya adalah mengenai kecanggihan teknologi bio-medis surrogate mother. Surrogacy menyentuh sisi kemanusiaan seorang insan terhadap reproduksi. Akan tetapi, lembaga surrogacy juga membawa komplikasi hukum terutama terkait dengan potensi tindak pidana dan dengan persoalan tanggung jawab dokter.
CREDITOR PROTECTION WITHIN CORPORATE GROUP INSOLVENCY
Authors: Lestari Hesty Diyah
Published: August 2023

Creditors of corporations in corporate groups are in a vulnerable position when the corporations become insolvent. The application of separate entity and limited liability principles makes the liability of the parent company for the debts of its subsidiary is limited to the amount of its shareholding in the subsidiary, even though in the commercial reality corporate groups are design for the interests of the group as a whole. The existing law in Indonesia has not provided adequate safeguards to creditors’ interests. Kreditor perseroan pada perusahaan grup berada pada posisi yang rentan apabila perseroan menjadi pailit. Penerapan prinsip badan tersendiri dan tanggung jawab terbatas menjadikan tanggung jawab induk perusahaan pada utang anak perusahaannya dibatasi sejumlah kepemilikan sahamnya pada anak perusahaan, meskipun pada kenyataannya perusahaan grup didesain untuk kepentingan grup secara keseluruhan. Hukum yang berlaku di Indonesia saat ini belum memberikan perlindungan yang memadai bagi kepentingan para kreditor.
UNITED KINGDOM AND USA’S LEGISLATIONS TO CLEAN HISTORIC CONTAMINATION
Authors: Mahfud Mr.
Published: August 2023

The industrial revolutionaries have left harmful residues on and in the land. Dealing with such contamination, the UK introduces Part 2A of the Environmental Protection Act (EPA) 1990 and the USA has legislated CERCLA 1980. This essay is going to discuss both provisions in cleaning up the contamination in each jurisdiction. We reach into a conclusion that both EPA 1990 and CERCLA 1980 govern the cost of cleaning up historic contamination, provide broad definition for the meaning of liable persons, and recognise the retroactivity principle. We find that there is a bifurcation of polluters classification in UK laws. This bifurcation is absent in US laws. Revolusi industri telah menyisakan bahan yang berbahaya baik di atas maupun di bawah permukaan tanah. Untuk mengatasi pencemaran bahan berbahaya tersebut, Inggris telah menerbitkan Bagian 2A EPA 1990 sementara Amerika Serikat telah mengesahkan CERCLA 1980. Tulisan ini mengkaji kedua aturan negara tersebut. Disimpulkan bahwa baik EPA 1990 maupun CERCLA 1980 sama-sama memiliki ketentuan yang mengatur perihal biaya pembersihan kontaminasi historis, mendefinisikan makna ‘orang yang bertanggungjawab’ secara luas, dan mengakui prinsip retroaktifitas. Hukum Inggris mengklasifikasikan pencemar, namun hukum Amerika Serikat tidak memiliki sistem klasifikasi tersebut.
REFORMA AGRARIA BERPARADIGMA PANCASILA DALAM PENATAAN KEMBALI POLITIK AGRARIA NASIONAL
Authors: Maladi Yanis
Published: August 2023

Basic Agrarian Law Act (BAL) of 1960 which sets out the foundation for agrarian reform fails to solve Indonesia’s many land-related problems. In addition to the fact that its mandate has not been implemented, there are a cornucopia of inferior rules under the BAL that run afoul with the Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. This normative research employs library research method. Library research was carried out by studying documented materials. We find that an agrarian reform which encapsulates the paradigm of Pancasila is yet to be realised given the many irregularities found in the implementation. We conclude that the affirmation and the revitalization of Pancasila values in the national agrarian politics is of utmost necessity. Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria (UUPA) 1960 sebagai induk reforma agraria belum mampu menjadi jawaban atas permasalahan agraria di Indonesia. Selain karena banyak amanatnya belum dilaksanakan, banyak juga aturan-aturan di bawahnya yang bertentangan dengan Pancasila, UUD 1945. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif, yaitu penelitian yang didasarkan pada penelitian kepustakaan. Penelitian kepustakaan dilakukan dengan merujuk pada bahan-bahan yang didokumentasikan dengan alat studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan reforma agraria berparadigma Pancasila belum mampu diwujudkan karena banyak ditemukan penyimpangan dalam pelaksanaannya. Oleh karena itu, sangat mendesak adanya penegasan dan revitalisasi nilai-nilai Pancasila di dalam politik agraria nasional.