bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Onde você estava em 11/09/2001? Traços da memória coletiva na Web
Authors: Silva Ana Lúcia Migowski da
Published: September 2017

O presente artigo propõe uma reflexão a respeito do modo como a memória coletiva vem sendo construída a partir da comunicação mediada por computador. A análise tomará como pontos de partida produtos midiáticos criados para a rememoração dos atentados ao World Trade Center, em Nova Iorque, que completaram uma década em 2011. Esse evento adquiriu grande repercussão em todo mundo, gerando mobilizações sociais em diversos âmbitos. Verse-á como as possibilidades de interação, dos meios digitais de comunicação, potencializam o compartilhamento de experiências de indivíduos direta ou indiretamente marcados pelo evento em questão. Além disso, serão identificados movimentos emergentes e coletivamente organizados em sites de redes sociais que também objetivam a recuperação de testemunhos daqueles que viveram de algum modo o acontecimento.
Desafios teórico-metodológicos da relação Educação e Patrimônio
Authors: Pereira Júnia Sales , Oriá José Ricardo
Published: September 2017

Abordagem de concepções renovadas a respeito da Educação e Patrimônio, levando-se em conta as transformações culturais contemporâneas e o adensamento das concepções de patrimônio advindas da consideração da imaterialidade da cultura. Análise do caráter intersubjetivo, multidirecional, relacional e processual dos processos educativos com enunciação de revisões conceituais e metodológicas impactantes em projetos que vislumbram a educação das sensibilidades em meio às lutas pela preservação e junto a embates dos diferentes sujeitos/grupos históricos contra a destruição, o esquecimento e o silenciamento da memória.
A Note On Order Statistics from Exponential Power Distribution
Authors: Taiwo Soyinka Ajibola , Akin Olosunde A
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we derived probability density function (pdf) for the order statistics from eponential power distribution (EPD). The distribution is flexible at the tail region, because of the presence of shape parameter, which regulates the thickness of the tail. The first moment of the obtained distribution of the order statistics from EPD is presented as well as other measures of central tendencies. This results generalized the results on order statistics from the Laplace distribution and also the results obtained by Arnold, Balakrishnan and Nagaraja on order statistics from normal distribution.
Accumulation studies at specific sampling areas of the active floodplain in the Upper-Tisza region
Authors: Molnár Gábor , Scholtz Andor , Vass Róbert
Published: September 2017

In this paper the rate of accumulation was studied along four VO floodplain cross sections of the UpperTisza region between 1974 and 2014. VO floodplain cross sections are based on a mapping base-point grid (established in 1890), and they are located a few kilometers from each other. Furthermore, the roughness changes of different surface types, crossed by the VO floodplain cross-sections, were also determined between 1965 and 2015. The accumulation studies were extended to include the accumulation rates of the cut off meanders located along and/or close to the VO cross-sections. The roughness values increased in all four floodplain VO cross-sections since 1965; in two of them it reached or approximated 100 %. The average accumulation along the VO cross-sections was between 28 and 47 cm (0.73–1.23 cm/year) during the 38-year period. However, its areal distribution showed large differences. The highest values (169–309 cm, i.e. 4.44–8.13 cm/year) were found at the lowest points of the cut off meanders and swales in every case. The accumulation rate of the examined three cut off meanders near the floodplain cross-sections (140 and 1570 meters from the river bed) was lower (0.84–2.5 cm/year), but the study period was significantly longer (154 and 161 years, respectively). Comparing the values of the two periods, it is obvious that the accumulation of the active floodplain accelerates, presumably due to the significant increase of surface roughness.
“Neither Dead Nor Alive:” Ukrainian Language on the Brink of Romanticism
Authors: Koznarsky Taras
Published: September 2017

At the end of the eighteenth century through the first decades of nineteenth century, as the last vestiges of Ukrainian autonomy were abolished, Ukrainian elites and intelligentsia embarked on a diverse range of projects (addressing geography, history, ethnography, travel writing, journalism, and literature) aimed at privileging and promoting their cultural capital within the Russian imperial field of cultural production. The Ukrainian language and its origins, nature, and status came to the fore in these projects as Ukrainian literati carefully gauged their messages for both Ukrainian and metropolitan audiences in order to engage playfully and polemically with imperial perceptions of Ukraine and to further the cause of the Ukrainian language as a distinctive linguistic system, cultural legacy, and literary medium. These often cautious and purposefully ambiguous characterizations, classifications, and applications prepared the ground for the romantic generation of writers who dramatically expanded the stylistic and generic range of Ukrainian in their literary works and translations, and forcefully argued for the language’s autonomy, dignity, and expressive potential. While early romantic Ukrainian writings were seen as colourful linguistic and ethnographic regional variants useful for the development of Russian imperial and national culture, the growth of Ukrainian literature alarmed both Russian critics and administrators, who began to see in these developments not only unproductive and anachronistic vexations, but also a culturally and ideologically subversive agenda that had to be discouraged. By surveying and examining diverse classifications and discussions of the Ukrainian language by Ukrainian and Russian literati, the article questions the limits of so-called “Ukrainophilia” in Russian imperial culture of the early nineteenth century.
The Anarchist Movement in Ukraine at the Height of the New Economic Policy (1924-25)
Authors: Savchenko Viktor
Published: September 2017

This paper examines a virtually unknown period of the development of the anarchist movement in Ukraine, ignored by both Soviet and post-Soviet historians, for whom the history of anarchism in the Soviet Union ended in 1921. The author,basing his information on archival materials,including the archives of the Soviet secret police agencies (ChK, GPU, OGPU), extends the life of the anarchist movement through the mid-1920s. This was a period of revitalization of the movement, especially among students, young workers, and the unemployed in the cities of Eastern and Southern Ukraine (Kharkiv, Kyiv, Odesa, Dnipropetrovsk, and Poltava). Despite repression by the government, the anarchist movement in the USSR in the 1920s was able to sustain itself by going underground.
A Brief Outline of the History of the Treatment of Ukrainian Literature by the Russian Censorship Laws (1905)
Authors: Fabrikant Nik.
Published: September 2017

Translated from Russian by Richard Hantula
Stephen Velychenko. Painting Imperialism and Nationalism Red: The Ukrainian Marxist Critique of Russian Communist Rule in Ukraine 1918-1925.
Authors: Von Hagen Mark
Published: September 2017

Book review of Stephen Velychenko. Painting Imperialism and Nationalism Red: The Ukrainian Marxist Critique of Russian Communist Rule in Ukraine 1918-1925. U of Toronto P, 2015. viii, 280 pp. Illustrations. Appendix. Notes. Index. $45.00, cloth.
Michael T. Westrate. Living Soviet in Ukraine from Stalin to Maidan: Under the Falling Red Star in Kharkiv.
Authors: Hyman Charitie V.
Published: September 2017

Book review of Michael T. Westrate. Living Soviet in Ukraine from Stalin to Maidan: Under the Falling Red Star in Kharkiv. Rowman & Littlefield, 2016. xx, 232 pp. Illustrations. Appendices. Bibliography. Index. $85.00, cloth.
Nataliia Khanenko-Frizen. Inshyi svit abo etnichnist' u dii: Kanads'ka ukrains'kist' kintsia dvadtsiatoho stolittia [The Other World or Ethnicity in Action: Canadian Ukrainianness at the End of the Twentieth Century].
Authors: Polkovsky Valerii
Published: September 2017

Book review of Nataliia Khanenko-Frizen. Inshyi svit abo etnichnist' u dii: Kanads'ka ukrains'kist' kintsia dvadtsiatoho stolittia [The Other World or Ethnicity in Action: Canadian Ukrainianness at the End of the Twentieth Century]. Foreword by Oksana Kis', Vydavnytstvo “Smoloskyp” / Heritage Press, 2011. Ukrains'ki studii [Ukrainian Studies]. 392 pp. 8+8 pp. of illustrations. List of Interviews. Appendix. Bibliography. Index. UAH 40,00/ $19.95, cloth.
Despite the Valuev Directive: Books Permitted by the Censors in Violation of the Restrictions Against Ukrainian Publishing, 1864-1904
Authors: Remy Johannes
Published: September 2017

In 1863, the Russian imperial government decreed restrictions on book publishing in Ukrainian. The restrictions were then revised and were endorsed on several later occasions. They banned nonfiction literature directed at common people, children’s literature, and translations from Russian. The restrictions were in force until the all-Russian revolution in 1905, although they were formally repealed only in 1907. This article discusses the books the censors authorized for publication despite the fact that their publication violated the restrictions on Ukrainian publishing. In the years 1863-1904, 125 such books were published in all. Most of them appeared during three periods: 1874-76, 1882-83 and 1896-1904. In the first period, most books were permitted by a corrupt censor in Kyiv who received bribes from the local Hromada, a Ukrainian society. In the second period, minor concessions to Ukrainian publishers were deemed politically expedient. In the third period, the censors took the general usefulness of the book into account; if they deemed the book useful, they permitted it even though its publication violated the restrictions. Ukrainian activists used these opportunities because they facilitated popular enlightenment in the Ukrainian national spirit through book publishing.
The Charcoal Vision: A Win–Win–Win Scenario for Simultaneously Producing Bioenergy, Permanently Sequestering Carbon, while Improving Soil and Water Quality
Authors: Laird David A.
Published: September 2017

Processing biomass through a distributed network of fast pyrolyzers may be a sustainable platform for producing energy from biomass. Fast pyrolyzers thermally transform biomass into bio‐oil, syngas, and charcoal. The syngas could provide the energy needs of the pyrolyzer. Bio‐oil is an energy raw material (∼17 MJ kg−1) that can be burned to generate heat or shipped to a refinery for processing into transportation fuels. Charcoal could also be used to generate energy; however, application of the charcoal co‐product to soils may be key to sustainability. Application of charcoal to soils is hypothesized to increase bioavailable water, build soil organic matter, enhance nutrient cycling, lower bulk density, act as a liming agent, and reduce leaching of pesticides and nutrients to surface and ground water. The half‐life of C in soil charcoal is in excess of 1000 yr. Hence, soil‐applied charcoal will make both a lasting contribution to soil quality and C in the charcoal will be removed from the atmosphere and sequestered for millennia. Assuming the United States can annually produce 1.1 × 109 Mg of biomass from harvestable forest and crop lands, national implementation of The Charcoal Vision would generate enough bio‐oil to displace 1.91 billion barrels of fossil fuel oil per year or about 25% of the current U.S. annual oil consumption. The combined C credit for fossil fuel displacement and permanent sequestration, 363 Tg per year, is 10% of the average annual U.S. emissions of CO2–C.
Landscape Metrics and Estuarine Sediment Contamination in the Mid‐Atlantic and Southern New England Regions
Authors: Paul John F. , Comeleo Randy L. , Copeland Jane
Published: September 2017

In a previously published study, quantitative relationships were developed between landscape metrics and sediment contamination for 25 small estuarine systems within Chesapeake Bay. These analyses have been extended to include 75 small estuarine systems across the mid‐Atlantic and southern New England regions of the USA. Because of the different characteristics and dynamics of the estuaries across these regions, adjustment for differing hydrology, sediment characteristics, and sediment origins were included in the analysis. Multiple linear regression with stepwise selection was used to develop statistical models for sediment metals, organics, and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The landscape metrics important for explaining the variation in sediment metals levels (R2 = 0.72) were the percent area of nonforested wetlands (negative contribution), percent area of urban land, and point source effluent volume and metals input (positive contributions). The metrics important for sediment organics levels (R2 = 0.5) and total PAHs (R2 = 0.46) were percent area of urban land (positive contribution) and percent area of nonforested wetlands (negative contribution). These models included silt–clay content (metals) or total organic C (organics, total PAHs) of sediments and grouping by estuarine hydrology, suggesting the importance of sediment characteristics and hydrology in mitigating the influence of the landscape metrics on sediment contamination levels. The overall results from this study are indicative of how statistical models can be developed relating landscape metrics to estuarine sediment contamination for distributions of land cover and point source discharges.
Preliminary Comparison of Landscape Pattern–Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Relationships to Central Plains Stream Conditions
Authors: Griffith Jerry A. , Martinko Edward A. , Whistler Jerry L. , Price Kevin P.
Published: September 2017

We explored relationships of water quality parameters with landscape pattern metrics (LPMs), land use–land cover (LULC) proportions, and the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) or NDVI‐derived metrics. Stream sites (271) in Nebraska, Kansas, and Missouri were sampled for water quality parameters, the index of biotic integrity, and a habitat index in either 1994 or 1995. Although a combination of LPMs (interspersion and juxtaposition index, patch density, and percent forest) within Ozark Highlands watersheds explained >60% of the variation in levels of nitrite–nitrate nitrogen and conductivity, in most cases the LPMs were not significantly correlated with the stream data. Several problems using landscape pattern metrics were noted: small watersheds having only one or two patches, collinearity with LULC data, and counterintuitive or inconsistent results that resulted from basic differences in land use–land cover patterns among ecoregions or from other factors determining water quality. The amount of variation explained in water quality parameters using multiple regression models that combined LULC and LPMs was generally lower than that from NDVI or vegetation phenology metrics derived from time‐series NDVI data. A comparison of LPMs and NDVI indicated that NDVI had greater promise for monitoring landscapes for stream conditions within the study area.
Laser method of sound emission control from vibrating surfaces of noise road barriers
Authors: Motyka Zbigniew
Published: September 2017

Proposition of a new hybrid measurement method applying for road acoustic barriers infrastructure maintenance, planning and development on the base of innovative vibro-acoustic control of their efficacy, is presented and discussed. The method is based on an interdisciplinary approach using optical LDV, computational and acoustic methods.
Research on brand valuation models based on triangular fuzzy matrix game
Authors: Duan Qi , Liu Bi Song , Wu Fang
Published: September 2017

Market competition has entered into the era of brand competition with economic growth. Brand evaluation represents an important approach for brand management and value enhancement. In this paper, an analysis was made, based on the triangular fuzzy matrix game theory, on the profits and losses incurred by participating enterprises and evaluating institutions due to their adoption of different game strategies. The applications of triangular fuzzy matrix game theory were expanded to the brand valuation field, and a theoretical method for evaluating the current evaluation models was proposed.
Research on near field acoustic source localization algorithm based on arbitrary planar vector array
Authors: Ji Qing , Cheng Jin Fang , Xiao Da Wei
Published: September 2017

In order to solve the problem of near acoustic target location, vector hydrophone array with arbitrary formation is proposed to locate near field acoustic source. In this paper, firstly, the near field measurement model of vector hydrophone array is derived detailed. Then, introduces the conventional beamforming and MVDR algorithm based on vector hydrophone array. Finally, the performance of the algorithm is verified by simulation. The results show that the vector MVDR has higher target resolution, and the error decreases with the increase of SNR. It is more suitable for underwater near field regional warning.
Micro ultrasonic motor for miniature robot arm
Authors: Toyama Shigeki , Nishizawa Uichi
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this study is development of micro ultrasonic motor for miniature robot arm. It will be assembled to a miniature robot applied to a mesh robot to represent the shape and stiffness of the surface of objects. In the first stage, the authors have developed a micro motor by ultrasonic technology. It has two components: a stator (a cube of 3 mm size) and a rotor (diameter of 1 mm). The authors have designed a new stator and a rotor to increase output torque. The first trial motor shows successfully the potential of the final goal of 5 μNm and 3 rpm with a reduction gear system.
Development of active stent moving by ultrasonic vibration
Authors: Nishizawa Uichi , Toyama Shigeki
Published: September 2017

An active stent driving in a blood vessel has been developed by this study. A general stent is inserted in the stenosis part of a blood vessel and is the medical device used for expansion of a blood vessel. However, there is a problem of restenosis that a plaque accumulates around the stent. So, the active stent is used for removal of the plaque. The purpose of this study is drive of the active stent. And a design and a resonance experiment of the active stent were carried out. The active stent consists of two cylindrical receivers and one coil shaped stator. A drive source of the active stent is vibration of the stator. When the ultrasonic is irradiated to the receiver, vibration of the stator occurs. First, the receiver which resonates was designed by numerical analysis. The receivers different in the size based on the analysis result were made. And the size which resonates certainly by the resonance experiment was specified. Next, the active stent was designed. The active stents were made and the size which resonates by the resonance experiment was specified.
Research to improve traction and dynamic quality of locomotives
Authors: Gorbunov Mykola , Pistek Vaclav , Kovtanets Maksym , Nozhenko Olena , Kara Sergii , Kučera Pavel
Published: September 2017

The article reviews and analyzes available theoretical and experimental studies aimed at improving the tractive and dynamic characteristics of locomotives. Based on the information received, the authors formulated the following tasks of further research to increase and stabilize traction and coupling qualities of the locomotive.
Rail transport- rail safety from a human risk point of view
Authors: Burdzik Rafał , Słowiński Paweł , Rozmus Jacek , Nowak Bogusław
Published: September 2017

This article aims are presenting the hazards arising from the direct contact of people with moving rail vehicles as well as the safety and consequence of human contact with the drag caused by the railroad system. This is the review paper with intended to illustrate and further analyze the risks, as well as to identify ways to identify such risks so that they can be counteracted.
Vibration induced by railway traffic-zones of influence on buildings and humans
Authors: Pachla Filip , Radecki Pawlik Bartosz , Stypuła Krzysztof , Tatara Tadeusz
Published: September 2017

The article presents selected results of evaluation of the harmfulness of buildings vibrations and influence on humans in buildings caused by railway traffic. The results presented in the paper were part of larger group of in field test which gather, were the basis of creation the zones of influence of railway vibrations. The paper presents the methodology of field test as well as some selected results. The discussion of the results leads to conclusions which are presented, as mentioned above, zones of influence of railway vibrations on building construction as well as on human in the buildings. The proposed zones are different for cargo and passenger trains. The ranges of zones are also different in case of building structure and human perception. All analyzes are compatible with polish codes PN-B-02170:2016 [1] and PN-B-02171:2017 [2] and executed by accredited laboratory with significant participation of the authors. The proposed zones were assumed by manager of the national railway network PKP PLK S.A.
Numerical simulation of gearbox structure dynamics focused on backlash influence
Authors: Rehak Kamil , Kopeckova Barbora , Prokop Ales
Published: September 2017

This paper deals with numerical investigation of the single–stage gearbox housing dynamic behaviour during low-torque operating conditions. First the modal properties of the key components are derived and experimentally evaluated on the physical model. Next the main simulations are performed in MBS (multi-body system) software, the model is based on the open loop test rig. The computational methods aim to represent dynamic behaviour of the gearbox housing key parts with respect to NVH parameters evaluation, which is done by surface normal velocity amplitude. The presented part of investigation also deals with different kind of input speed variability. The simulation results show that the variable input speed has strong influence on dynamic behaviour.
Production Efficiency of Seaweed Farming in Tarakan North Borneo
Authors: Riatiga Banyu , Darwanto Dwidjono Hadi , Waluyati Lestari Rahayu
Published: September 2017

This study aims to determine: (1) the factors that inﬂ uence the production of seaweed and (2)  the level of technical efﬁ ciency obtained by seaweed farmers in Tarakan. Since 2009, most of the ﬁ shermen on the coast of Amal turned into seaweed farming as it is more proﬁ table and easier to cultivate. The basic method used in this research is descriptive method while the location of the research was determined by intentional or purposive sampling. The sample selection for seaweed farmer respondents used simple random sampling of 100 seaweed farmers. The results showed that the factors of production which have positive and signiﬁ cant impact on seaweed production in Tarakan are farm area, seeds, labor and dummy for location. The technical efﬁ ciency in a secure or unsecured locations are 0,93 and 0,82, respectively, with the average value of the technical efﬁ ciency of seaweed farmers in general is 0,92. Socio-economic factors affecting technical inefﬁ ciency are farmers’age, farming experience, number of family members, education and dummy for location. However, the experience of farming and dummy for location have negative coefﬁ cients which means that both are able to increase the level of technical efﬁ ciency of seaweed farming.
ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION STUDIES OF TICAGRELOR TABLETS BY RP-HPLC
Authors: Tabassum K. , Sarvesh R.
Published: September 2017

Objective: The present study was conducted to develop a simple and precise analytical method for the estimation of ticagrelor in tablet formulation.Methods: Reverse Phase HPLC was used for method development and validation studies of ticagrelor. The optimum chromatographic conditions comprised of C18 column (Kromasil, 250×4.6 mm, 5 µ) as the stationary phase and aqueous buffer (containing 0.5 ml formic acid and triethylamine each in water) and acetonitrile in the ratio of 50:50 v/v as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.3 ml/min with detection at 256 nm and a run time of 6 min. Forced degradation studies were conducted and the isocratic mode was modified to a gradient mode to make the method stability indicating in nature.Results: The retention time of ticagrelor was 3.372 min. The linearity studies indicated that the range of the developed method was 20-90 ppm with a correlation coefficient of 0.9956. The method was specific with a percent mean recovery was found to be 99.93%.. The % RSD in the precision studies was 0.069. The validated method was applied to conduct the assay of ticagrelor in tablets and the with a percent mean recovery of 99.82%. The modified method was capable of resolving 13 related substances from the ticagrelor peak in the forced degradation studies.Conclusion: The developed and validated RP-HPLC isocratic method was simple, accurate and precise as per the ICH guidelines. It was suitable for the analysis of ticagrelor in bulk and tablet formulation. The modified gradient method can be used to resolve the in-process impurities and related substances and can be directly applied to liquid chromatography hyphenated with mass spectroscopy (LC/MS) studies with minor modifications for identification of related substances.
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CONTROLLED RELEASE FAMOTIDINE MATRIX TABLETS CONTAINING COMPLEXES
Authors: Ain Shabnam , Kumar Babita , Pathak Kamla
Published: September 2017

Objective: The aim of the present study was to formulate the controlled release (CR) tablets of famotidine-cyclodextrin complexes to make the feasibility of complex in CR tablets and to access the kinetic of drug release mechanismMethods: In this work the solubility study of famotidine was performed in various solvents like 0.1 N HCl, phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and distilled water. Enhancement of the solubility and dissolution rate of famotidine was done by complexation with cyclodextrin before formulation into controlled release tablets. Tablets were prepared in different batches by using different concentration of HPMC K15M (hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose) and EC (ethyl cellulose) polymers and polymer blend. All batches were evaluated for pre-compression and post-compression parameters. Release kinetics was analyzed using zero order, first order, higuchi, peppas and hixon-crowell model.Results: All the formulation showed compliance with Pharmacopoeial standards. Release studies indicated that polymer blend (62%HPMCK15M and 38%EC) based matrix tablets with complexed drug was able to control the release of famotidine up to 12 h. Optimized formulation F13 containing complexed drug with same polymer blend showed zero order release and the release mechanism was predominant matrix swelling with erosion.Conclusion: Results of the present study demonstrated that the drug: β-cyclodextrin complex would be a suitable candidate for preparing controlled release tablets of famotidine to improve drug solubility, flow properties and compressibility. Thus the complex used in matrix tablet is a promising approach to achieve appropriate controlled release dosage.
IN VITRO RELEASE STUDIES OF CARBAMAZEPINE TABLETS AND BENZOYL METRONIDAZOLE SUSPENSIONS USING THE FLOW-THROUGH CELL APPARATUS AND SIMULATED GASTROINTESTINAL FLUIDS
Authors: Medina Jose Raul , Hernandez Jonathan , Hurtado Marcela
Published: September 2017

Objective: To characterize the in vitro release of carbamazepine tablets and benzoyl metronidazole suspensions using the flow-through cell apparatus and simulated gastrointestinal fluids.Methods: Tegretol® tablets, Flagyl® suspension, and generic formulations of each were tested. Release studies were performed using an automated flow-through cell apparatus. Simulated gastric fluid (with and without pepsin) and simulated intestinal fluid (without pancreatin) at 16 ml/min and fasted state simulated intestinal fluid at 8 ml/min, all at 37.0±0.5 °C, were used as dissolution media. The quantity of dissolved carbamazepine and benzoyl metronidazole was determined at 5-min intervals until 60 min at 285 and 278 nm, respectively. Percentage dissolved at 60 min, mean dissolution time, dissolution efficiency values, and t10%, t25%, t50% and t63.2% were calculated. Mean values for all parameters were compared between the reference and generic formulations using Studentʼs t-test. Dissolution data were fitted to different kinetic models.Results: Simulated gastric fluid without pepsin showed no discriminative capability for carbamazepine tablets. Significant differences were observed between the reference and generic formulations for almost all parameters (*P<0.05). In some cases, the logistic model best described the in vitro release of both drugs.Conclusion: Using an apparatus and media that best simulates the gastrointestinal environment, we identified differences in the rate and extent of dissolution of both drugs that could help to optimise the design of interchangeable formulations. Based on the physicochemical characteristics of carbamazepine and benzoyl metronidazole and the conditions in which the formulations were tested, these differences could be of clinical relevance.
VALIDATED GRADIENT STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS QUANTIFICATION OF 11 RELATED SUBSTANCES IN THE COMBINED DOSAGE FORMS OF LAMIVUDINE AND TENOFOVIR DISOPEOXIL FUMARATE
Authors: Babu C. , Devanna N. , Reddy K. V.n. Suresh
Published: September 2017

Objective: Development of a stability-indicating reverse phase liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous quantification of 11 impurities in the combined dosage forms of lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate drug substances.Methods: Efficient chromatographic separation of all analytes was achieved on a Waters X-terra RP18 column (150 x 4.6 mm, 3.5 mm) using mobile phase A (ammonium acetate buffer, pH adjusted to 5.0±0.05 with dilute orthophosphoric acid) and mobile phase B (mixture of methanol and ammonium acetate buffer in the ratio of 20:80) with the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min in gradient elution mode at 260 nm.Results: The method was validated in terms of the limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness according to the international conference on harmonisation (ICH Q2R1). Regression analysis showed that the correlation coefficient (r2) is greater than 0.997 for individual active drug substances as well as their related substances. The method has proven very accurate (94.6 % to 108.2 % with % RSD not more than 4.9), highly precise (% RSD of the Intra-day and the inter-day study was not more than 8.9) and robust enough to deliver accurate results, when the chromatographic conditions were altered intentionally. Forced degradation studies were conducted in acidic, basic, thermal, photolytic, humid and peroxide stress conditions, where all the degradation peaks were monitored. Highest degradation of lamivudine was observed under oxidative stress condition and tenofovir was more susceptible to degradation under acidic and alkaline conditions.Conclusion: The present method is able to separate all the related compounds with each other and with the main drug substances with the resolution more than 2.0. The test solution was found to be stable in diluent up to 24 h. The mass balance of forced degradation of formulations, close to 99 %, made this method as a stability indicating method.
MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES FOR THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BIOMOLECULES TO TARGET HYPOXIA INDUCIBLE FACTOR-1α
Authors: Jha Niraj Kumar , Kumar Pravir
Published: September 2017

Objective: Hypoxia plays a significant role in governing many vital signalling molecules in the central nervous system (CNS). Hypoxic exposure has also been depicted as a stimulus for oxidative stress, increase in lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, blood-brain dysfunction, impaired calcium (Ca2+) homoeostasis and agglomeration of oxidized biomolecules in neurons, which act as a novel signature in diverse neurodegenerative and oncogenic processes. On the contrary, the presence of abnormally impaired expression of HIF-1α under hypoxic insult could serve as an indication of the existence of tumors and neuronal dysfunction as well. For instance, under hypoxic stress, amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) cleavage is triggered due to the higher expression of HIF-1α and thus leads to synaptic loss. The objective of this research is to perform comparative studies of biomolecules in regulating HIF-1α activity based on in silico approaches that could establish a potential therapeutic window for the treatment of different abnormalities associated with impaired HIF-1α.Methods: We employed various in silico methods such as drug-likeness parameters namely Lipinski filter analysis, Muscle tool, SWISS-MODEL, active site prediction, Auto Dock 4.2.1 and LigPlot1.4.5for molecular docking studies.Results: 3D structure of HIF-1α was generated and Ramachandran plot obtained for quality assessment. RAMPAGE displayed 99.5% of residues in the most favoured regions. 0% residues in additionally allowed and 0.5% disallowed regions of the HIF-1α protein. Further, initial screenings of the molecules were done based on Lipinski’s rule of five. Cast P server used to predict the ligand binding site suggests that this protein can be utilised as a potential drug target. Finally, we have found Naringenin to be most effective amongst three biomolecules in modulating HIF-1α based on minimum inhibition constant, Ki and highest negative free energy of binding with the maximum interacting surface area during docking studies.Conclusion: The present study outlines the novel potential of Biomolecules in regulating HIF-1α activity for the treatment of different abnormalities associated with impaired HIF-1α.
FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSPHERES FOR THE TREATMENT OF FAMILIAL ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS
Authors: Gulshan Md. , Sai M. Lakshmi Swapna , Hemalatha T. , Sri U. Jhansi , Ramarao N.
Published: September 2017

Objective: Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) also known as familial polyposis coli, is a hereditary disease characterized by progressive appearance of numerous polyps mainly in the large intestine. Polyps are initially benign but can easily become cancerous and as such it is a life threatening condition. Celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor is thought to induce cell death, and thus prevent or delay the growth of polyps. So in the present study celecoxib loaded microspheres were prepared using control release Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K4M) and pH dependent polymer eudragit L 100-55 in different ratios (1:1 to 1:4) respectively. The main objective of the study is to identify the polymer concentration required to prevent the drug release in stomach region and promotes in intestinal region.Methods: Emulsification solvent evaporation method was selected for the preparation and all the optimized formulations were evaluated for drug-polymer interactions, percentage yield, micrometric properties, entrapment efficiency, particle size analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and in vitro dissolution study.Results: Drug and polymer interactions were evaluated by using FTIR and DSC. The FTIR spectrum and DSC thermograms stated that drug and polymer are compatible to each other. The micrometric properties of drug loaded microspheres were carried out and they were found to be as the angle of repose (18.26 °-40.69 °), bulk density (0.2846-0.3875), tapped density (0.4111-0.5428), Carr’s index (9.66-14.77), Hausner’s ratio (1.112-1.2642) which were within the limits. In vitro dissolution, drug release was found to be from 4.5 to 6.5 h for the prepared four formulations (F1–F4). From the kinetic data modeling the order of drug release was found to be zero order and korsmeyer-peppas with n value above 0.5 for all the formulations indicating non-fickian diffusion.Conclusion: All the result demonstrated that celecoxib microspheres can be effectively used in the treatment of familial adenomatous polyposis
EVALUATION OF THE ANTITYROSINASE AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED FROM THE BROWN SEAWEED-TURBINARIA CONOIDES
Authors: R. Khoushika Raajshree , Durairaj Brindha
Published: September 2017

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and antityrosinase properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) synthesized from brown seaweed Turbinaria conoides.Methods: Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles were synthesized from the hydroethanolic extract of Turbinaria conoides. Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometric analysis was performed to confirm the formation of ZnO-NPs. Size, morphology and elemental composition of ZnO-NPs were analysed using SEM-EDAX. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles was investigated by total antioxidant capacity (phosphomolybdenum method), reducing power assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP). Anti tyrosinase activity was assessed to validate the skin whitening ability of the ZnO-NPs. Results: The antioxidant activity of ZnO-NPs synthesized from hydroethanolic extract of Turbinaria conoides was maximum when compared with that of the hydroethanolic algal extract. The antityrosinase activity of ZnO-NPs was found to be maximum with 75% tyrosinase inhibition when compared to hydroethanolic algal extract which had 56% inhibition at 250μg/ml concentration.Conclusion: Overall our study provides a firm evidence to support that antityrosinase and antioxidant activities are exhibited by ZnO-NPs synthesized from hydroethanolic extract of Turbinaria conoides and it might be used as an antioxidant and as a source of skin whitening agent in cosmetics.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LEMON PEEL (CITRUS LIMON) EXTRACT
Authors: Ali Junab , Das Biswajit , Saikia Trideep
Published: September 2017

Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract from the peel of the fruit of Citrus Limon (Family-Rutaceae) in conjugation with phytochemical analysis.Methods: The methanolic extract from the peel of the fruit of Citrus Limon (Family-Rutaceae) was separated from fruits, shade dried, powdered and extracted using methanol, analysed for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extract was examined against 2 bacterial strains among one is Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and other is Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and 1 fungal strains (Candida albicans) using agar well diffusion method.Results: The present investigation shows the phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract of the fruits peel Citrus limon. Various phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides and citric acids and tannins. The antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract of the plant showed significant result against all the of the test organisms.Conclusion: The present study concluded that methanolic extract of the peel of Citrus Limon contains the high presence of phytochemicals. The methanolic extract of the plant was found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards.
RAPID ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR ASSAY DETERMINATION FOR PROCHLORPERAZINE EDISYLATE DRUG SUBSTANCES BY ULTRA PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Mule Kishorkumar L.
Published: September 2017

Objective: To develop and validate new, simple and rapid assay method for Prochlorperazine edisylate drug substance by UPLC as per ICH guidelines.Methods: Ultra performance liquid chromatographic method was developed, optimized and validated on Acquity UPLC by using Acquity BDH300 C4 (100 x 2.1 mm) 1.7µ column. 3.85g ammonium acetate in 1000 ml of water add 0.5 ml trifluoroacetic acid and 1 ml triethylamine (Mobile phase A): 0.5 ml trifluoroacetic acid in 1000 ml acetonitrile mobile phase (Mobile phase B) with gradient program. Detector wavelength 254 nm and column temperature 30 °C.Results: Linearity study was carried out for prochlorperazine edisylate, linearity was calculated from 80 % level to 120% with respect to specification level. The correlation coefficient (r) = 0.999 was proved that the method is robust. The resolution between known impurities and Prochlorperazine edisylate found more than 2.5, it was evident from specificity test that Prochlorperazine edisylate peak are well separated from its related impurities, hence the method is specific. Prochlorperazine edisylate sample solution and mobile phase were found to be stable for at least 3 d.Conclusion: A new, simple and rapid method has been developed and validated for assay determination of prochlorperazine edisylate in drug substance by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). The analytical method was developed and validated as per ICH guidelines. The developed method can be used for the fast assay determination of prochlorperazine edisylate drug substances in research laboratories and in the pharmaceutical industry.
EFFECT OFSALIX TETRASPERMAROXBUGH ON FRUCTOSE INDUCED HYPERTENSION IN RATS
Authors: Virupaksha J. H.
Published: September 2017

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of the ethanolic and aqueous extract of Salix tetrasperma Roxburgh on blood pressure by fructose induced hypertensive rats.Methods: The Salix tetrasperma Roxburgh leaves were evaluated for antihypertensive potential by using fructose–induced hypertension model in Wister albino rats. The test animals were given high fructose (10%) diet for 21st days to induced hypertension. Subsequently, the 200 and 400 mg/kg/day (p. o.) doses of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Salix tetrasperma leaves were administered to the different groups of hypertensive and normal animals. The hypertensive condition of the experimental animals was confirmed on 21st day by measuring systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure (SBP, DBP, MAP) using noninvasive BP (NIBP) system for rodents. The SBP, DBP, MAP were again recorded on day 0 d, 7th, 14th and 21st day of administration standard and test extracts. The normal control group of animals were given normal diet and administrated normal saline throughout the experiment.Results: The both test extracts significantly reduced SBP, DBP and MAP significantly (P<0.05) lowered blood pressure effect in 0 d, 7th day at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg in fructose induced hypertensive rats. On 14thday the test extracts at the doses of 400 mg/kg significantly reduce only DBP and MAP. However, the treatment is continued for 21 d but no significant activity observed. The test extracts reveals that antihypertensive of Salix tetrasperma Roxburgh in dose dependent manner in hypertensive control rats.Conclusion: These observations established the traditional claim and thus Salix tetrasperma Roxburgh could be a potent antihypertensive agent for use in future. The phyto constituents present in the test samples may be responsible for the hypotensive effect. However, further investigation is required to identify the active principles responsible for antihypertensive activity.
ANTIHEPATOTOXIC POTENTIALITY OF 2-3-6 TRIMETHYLOCT-6-ENAL AGAINST PARACETAMOL INDUCED LIVER DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Datta Suparna , Choudhury Manabendra Dutta
Published: September 2017

Objective: We investigated the liver protective activity of 2-3-6 trimethyloct-6-enal from the methanol extract of Pajanelia longifolia (Willd.) K. Schuman. The liver protective activity of 2,3,6 trimethyloct-6-enal was evaluated against paracetamol (2 mg/kg body weight per orally) induced liver toxicity in swiss albino mice.Methods: Considering the Spectral data (IR spectrum, 1HNMR spectrum and 13C NMR spectrum) the predictable structure of 2,3,6 trimethyloct-6-enal was elucidated. To study the liver protective activity of the compound, Swiss albino mice of either sex were divided into six groups and treated for 5 d. Group I and II served as normal and toxic control, Group III were treated with Silymarin as a standard drug (50 mg/kg), and Group IV to VI was treated with 2-3-6 trimethyloct-6-enal at the dose of 50 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg b.w. p. o. respectively. The liver protective activity of the compound was measured on biochemical parameters such as aspertate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB), triglycerides (TGL), total cholesterol (TC) and protein. Further antioxidant activity of the compound was also measured on antioxidant enzymatic and non-enzymatic levels such as reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)).Results: The study revealed that the compound has protective activity at the dose of 50, 150 and 250 mg/kg b.w. p. o. against paracetamol induced toxicity. In some biochemical parameters such as aspartate amino transferase and bilirubin, the compound has showed better result at a dose of 150 mg/kg compared to standard drug silymarin (value of aspartate amino transferase (compound) =71.10±0.12, (toxic) = 173.43±1.21, (silymarin) =79.86±0.02and total bilirubin (compound) = 1.04±0.11), (toxic) = 2.69±0.02, (silymarin) ==1.11±0.01. The findings were also confirmed by histopathological observations.Conclusion: 2,3,6 trimethyloct-6-enal from Pajanelia longifolia may be considered as a potent liver protective agent.
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PIPER RETROFRACTUM EXTRACT LOADED MUCOADHESIVE NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS FOR TOPICAL ORAL DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: Srichaivatana Kavee , Ounaroon Anan , Tiyaboonchai Waree
Published: September 2017

Objective: To develop and characterize Piper retrofractum extract loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (PRE loaded NLCs) for topical oral cavity administration to enhance bioavailability and stability of piperine.Methods: PRE loaded NLCs were prepared with a hot high-pressure homogenization technique followed by coating the particle surface with mucoadhesive polymers; polyethene glycol 400 (PEG) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The physicochemical properties in terms of particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release profile and antimicrobial activities were examined. In vitro, mucoadhesion studies were assessed by the wash-off test. The physicochemical stabilities of mouth spray containing PRE loaded NLCs were investigated by kept at room temperature and 4 °C for 6 mo.Results: The PRE loaded NLCs showed spherical shape with a mean particle size of ~100-120 nm and zeta potential of ~-24 mV. Up to 90% drug entrapment efficiency was achieved. PEG-NLCs and PVA-NLCs showed a strong interaction with porcine buccal mucosa than uncoated-NLCs. All PRE loaded NLCs formulations revealed fast release characteristics and effective against Streptococcus mutans and S. sanguinis. The mouth spray containing PRE loaded NLCs showed good physical stability without particle aggregation. In addition, the chemical stability of piperine in NLCs was significantly improved during storage at both storage conditions compared to its solution form.Conclusion: The developed PRE loaded polymer coated-NLCs showed high potential to use as a local drug delivery system for reducing the bacterial growth in the oral cavity.