bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis provides insights into cold tolerance in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: Yang Xiao , Han Yingying , Huo Guotao , Ge Guojun , He Shuping , Yang Xiao , Zhang Li , Wei Shiwei , Luo Lijun
Published: May 2024

The popular leafy vegetable lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is susceptible to cold stress during the growing season, which slows growth rate, causes leaf yellowing and necrosis, and reduced yield and quality. In this study, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of two cold-resistant lettuce cultivars (GWAS-W42 and F11) and two cold-sensitive lettuce cultivars (S13K079 and S15K058) were performed to identify the mechanisms involved in the cold response of lettuce. Overall, transcriptome analysis identified 605 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including significant enrichment of genes involved in the flavonoid and flavonol (CHS, CHI, F3H, FLS, CYP75B1, HCT, etc.) biosynthetic pathways related to oxidation–reduction and catalytic activity. Untargeted metabolomic analysis identified fifteen flavonoid metabolites and 28 other metabolites potentially involved in the response to cold stress; genistein, quercitrin, quercetin derivatives, kaempferol derivatives, luteolin derivatives, apigenin and their derivatives accumulate at higher levels in cold-resistant cultivars. Moreover, MYBs, bHLHs, WRKYs and Dofs also play positive role in the low temperature response, which affected the expression of structural genes contributing to the variation of metabolites between the resistant and sensitive. These results provide valuable evidence that the metabolites and genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway play important roles in the response of lettuce to cold stress.
Xanthan gum-based edible coating effectively preserve postharvest quality of ‘Gola’ guava fruits by regulating physiological and biochemical processes
Authors: Gull Shaista , Ejaz Shaghef , Ali Sajid , Ali Muhammad Moaaz , Sardar Hasan , Azam Muhammad , Deng Honghong , Yousef Ahmed Fathy , Alrefaei Abdulwahed Fahad , Almutairi Mikhlid H.
Published: May 2024

Background

Guava is a fruit prone to rapid spoilage following harvest, attributed to continuous and swift physicochemical transformations, leading to substantial postharvest losses. This study explored the efficacy of xanthan gum (XG) coatings applied at various concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75%) on guava fruits (Gola cultivar) over a 15-day storage period.

Results

The results indicated that XG coatings, particularly at 0.75%, substantially mitigated moisture loss and decay, presenting an optimal concentration. The coated fruits exhibited a modified total soluble soluble solids, an increased total titratable acidity, and an enhanced sugar-acid ratio, collectively enhancing overall quality. Furthermore, the XG coatings demonstrated the remarkable ability to preserve bioactive compounds, such as total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidants, while minimizing the levels of oxidative stress markers, such as electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, and H2O2. The coatings also influenced cell wall components, maintaining levels of hemicellulose, cellulose, and protopectin while reducing water-soluble pectin. Quantitative analysis of ROS-scavenging enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, revealed significant increases in their activities in the XG-coated fruits compared to those in the control fruits. Specifically, on day 15, the 0.75% XG coating demonstrated the highest SOD and CAT activities while minimizing the reduction in APX activity. Moreover, XG coatings mitigated the activities of fruit-softening enzymes, including pectin methylesterase, polygalacturonase, and cellulase.

Conclusions

This study concludes that XG coatings play a crucial role in preserving postharvest quality of guava fruits by regulating various physiological and biochemical processes. These findings offer valuable insights into the potential application of XG as a natural coating to extend the shelf life and maintain the quality of guava fruits during storage.
The association between ultra-processed food intake and age-related hearing loss: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fu Yanpeng , Chen Wenyu , Liu Yuehui
Published: May 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to explore the association between ultra-processed foods and age-related hearing loss.

Methods

Cross-sectional analyses based on data from a nationally representative sample of 1075 adults aged over 50 in the US was performed. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hearing loss according to ultra-processed foods intake quartiles were calculated using a multiple adjusted logistic regression model. Restricted cubic spline model was used to flexibly model potential nonlinear relations between ultra-processed foods intake and possibility of hearing loss. We also explored statistical interactions and conducted subgroup analyses where they were found to be significant.

Results

Ultra-processed foods intake was significantly correlated with high-frequency hearing loss. After controlling for all covariables, individuals in the fourth quartile of Ultra-processed foods consumption had a 2.8 times higher chance of developing high-frequency hearing loss than individuals in the first quartile of Ultra-processed foods consumption. We also found that the association was more significant in non-Hispanic whites.

Conclusions

This study discovered an association between Ultra-processed foods intake and the incidence of high-frequency hearing loss, which was more significant in non-Hispanic whites.
Synergistic effects of cognitive frailty and comorbidities on disability: a community-based longitudinal study
Authors: Fatin Malek Rivan Nurul , Murukesu Resshaya Roobini , Shahar Suzana , Fadilah Rajab Nor , Subramaniam Ponnusamy , Choon Ooi Theng , Zul Amin Kamaruddin Mohd , Singh Devinder Kaur Ajit
Published: May 2024

Objective

In this study, we aimed to assess the synergistic effects of cognitive frailty (CF) and comorbidity on disability among older adults.

Methods

Out of the 1318 participants from the Malaysian Towards Useful Aging (TUA) study, only 400 were included in the five-year follow-up analysis. A comprehensive interview-based questionnaire covering socio-demographic information, health status, biochemical indices, cognitive and physical function, and psychosocial factors was administered. Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to estimate the independent and combined odd ratios (ORs). Measures such as the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), the attributable proportion of risk due to the interaction, and the synergy index were used to assess the interaction between CF and comorbidity.

Results

Participants with CF (24.1%) were more likely to report disability compared to those without CF (10.3%). Synergistic effects impacting disability were observed between CF and osteoarthritis (OA) (OR: 6.675, 95% CI: 1.057–42.158; RERI: 1.501, 95% CI: 1.400–1.570), CF and heart diseases (HD) (OR: 3.480, 95% CI: 1.378–8.786; RERI: 0.875, 95% CI: 0.831–0.919), CF and depressive symptoms (OR: 3.443, 95% CI: 1.065–11.126; RERI: 0.806, 95% CI: 0.753–0.859), and between CF and diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR: 2.904, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.487–5.671; RERI: 0.607, 95% CI: 0.577–0.637).

Conclusion

These findings highlight the synergism between the co-existence of CF and comorbidity, including OA, HD, DM, and depressive symptoms, on disability in older adults. Screening, assessing, and managing comorbidities, especially OA, HD, DM and depressive symptoms, when managing older adults with CF are crucial for reducing the risk of or preventing the development of disability.
Epidemiology of primary brain tumor among adolescents and adults in Palestine: a retrospective study from 2018 to 2023
Authors: Abuawad Mohammad , Daqour Ahmed , Alkaiyat Abdulsalam , Rjoub Ahmad , Zahra Wafaa Abu , Issa Noor , Dumaidi Yazan , Nasser Shahed
Published: May 2024

Backgrounds

Primary brain tumors (PBTs) are uncommon, but they significantly increase the risk of disability and death. There is a deficiency of data concerning the epidemiology and anatomical distribution of PBTs among adults in Palestine.

Methods

A retrospective descriptive study in which data were collected from the clinical reports of Palestinian patients diagnosed with PBTs at Al-Makassed Hospital during the period (2018–2023).

Results

In Palestinian adolescents and adults, the incidence rate of PBTs was 3.92 per 100,000 person-years. Glioblastoma (18.8%) was the most common type identified, and it was more common in males. Non-malignant tumors were more common than malignant tumors (2.41 vs. 1.52 per 100,000). The mortality rate from PBTs was 4.8%. The most common initial symptom was headaches, and it occurred more with non-malignant tumors (57.28% vs. 42.72%, p-value < 0.001). Cerebral meninges (26.3%) were the most common location for primary brain tumors (p-value < 0.001).

Conclusion

This is the first study of primary brain tumor epidemiology in Palestine. The overall incidence of PBTs in Palestinian adolescents and adults was 3.96 per 100,000, which was lower than the incidence rate of primary brain tumors worldwide. More studies on the epidemiology and distribution of PBTs in Palestine are recommended.
Decrease in electrolyte after vitrectomy surgery may affect the results of forensic investigations using vitreous humor
Authors: Ushida Hiroaki , Suzumura Ayana , Yamada Kazuhisa , Shimizu Hideyuki , Suzuki Atsuo , Ishikawa Yusuke , Kikuchi Ryosuke , Nishiguchi Koji M. , Kaneko Hiroki
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Vitreous humor (VH) is used for postmortem biochemical studies because it is well protected in an uncontaminated state even after death. The goal of this research was to investigate electrolyte concentrations in the VH from human eyes with and without a history of vitrectomy surgery.

Methods

We analyzed the sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations from 34 VH samples from 34 patients. Eleven samples were from eyes with a history of vitrectomy, and the remaining 23 eyes had no history of vitrectomy. The correlations of Na, K, Cl and Mg concentrations with patient age, interval between first and second vitrectomy, and lens status (history of cataract surgery) were also evaluated.

Results

The Na, K, Cl and Mg concentrations in VH from vitrectomized eyes were 134.1 ± 7.9 mmol/L, 3.7 ± 0.2 mmol/L, 99.7 ± 6.7 mmol/L and 0.59 ± 0.09 mmol/L, respectively; all were significantly lower than the corresponding concentrations in VH from control eyes (lower by 5.0%, 11.0%, 11.7%, and 22.6%, respectively). Na, K, Cl and Mg concentrations in VH from vitrectomized eyes did not show significant correlations with patient ages or the interval between their first and second vitrectomies. There were no significant differences in Na, K, Cl and Mg concentrations in VH between phakic eyes and intraocular lens-implanted eyes.

Conclusions

With the increasing number of vitrectomies being performed, it is necessary to consider the history of vitrectomy when using a subject’s VH in forensic examination.
Toward enhanced decentralized palliative care services in Neno District, Malawi: a qualitative study.
Authors: S. Phiri Atupere , Mulwafu Manuel , Robbins Zaniku Haules , Banda Aron Moses , Kanyema Judith , Chibvunde Stellar , Ndarama Enoch , Momba Grace , Munyaneza Fabien , Thambo Lameck , Kachimanga Chiyembekezo , Matanje Beatrice
Published: May 2024

Background

Palliative care remains key in assisting patients who have life-threatening conditions. In most low- and middle-income countries, it is often offered through a centralized system with limitations, including Malawi. In 2014, the World Health Organization called for improving palliative care access through primary health care and community models. Malawi and Neno District subsequently decentralized palliative care delivery to local health centers. This qualitative study explored the decentralization of palliative care services in Neno District, Malawi.

Methods

The descriptive qualitative study was conducted between 2021 and 2022 in two conveniently selected health centers providing palliative care in the Neno District. Fourteen healthcare workers were purposefully selected to participate in two focus groups. Fifteen patients were conveniently selected and participated in three focus groups. Data was analyzed using deductive and inductive approaches. Focused group discussions were conducted in Chichewa (Malawi’s official local language), audio recorded, transcribed, translated into English, and analyzed thematically.

Results

Four main themes emerged from the focus groups. Patients described positive relationships with healthcare workers built on trust and holistic care over time. Accessing care included transport, social support, time constraints, and distance issues. Facilities effectively responded to needs through coordinated care and follow-up. Decentralization was perceived to benefit patients by reducing travel challenges and improving local access to efficient and inclusive palliative care services. However, challenges with resources, distance, and social support remained. Limitations in sampling and missing participant details necessitate further research with broader sampling.

Conclusion

Overall, the study provides empirical evidence that can optimize palliative care delivery in similar low-resource contexts by informing policies to address barriers through decentralized approaches.
Association between physical activity and risk of premenstrual syndrome among female college students: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Hongchang , Ma Yuhan , Wang Ying , Fu Chengjie , Liu Wanduo , Li Wenchao
Published: May 2024

Background

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between physical activity and the risk of premenstrual syndrome among college students.

Methods

Eligible studies were searched from the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. The link between physical activity and the risk of premenstrual syndrome was evaluated using odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The heterogeneity of the included studies was tested and their sources were explored by subgroup analysis. A sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the effect of a single study on the pooled results. The included studies were evaluated for publication bias. Five moderate-quality studies were included in this meta-analysis.

Results

Physical activity levels were negatively associated with risk of premenstrual syndrome among college students (OR [95%CI] = 1.46 [1.09, 1.96], P = .011). The pooled results were not influenced after being stratified by the study region and whether multi-factor correction was performed or not. Publication bias was not observed in the included studies.

Conclusion

A high level of physical activity is dramatically associated with a reduced risk of premenstrual syndrome among female college students.
Deep behavioural phenotyping of the Q175 Huntington disease mouse model: effects of age, sex, and weight
Authors: Koch Ellen T. , Cheng Judy , Ramandi Daniel , Sepers Marja D. , Hsu Alex , Fong Tony , Murphy Timothy H. , Yttri Eric , Raymond Lynn A.
Published: May 2024

Background

Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with complex motor and behavioural manifestations. The Q175 knock-in mouse model of HD has gained recent popularity as a genetically accurate model of the human disease. However, behavioural phenotypes are often subtle and progress slowly in this model. Here, we have implemented machine-learning algorithms to investigate behaviour in the Q175 model and compare differences between sexes and disease stages. We explore distinct behavioural patterns and motor functions in open field, rotarod, water T-maze, and home cage lever-pulling tasks.

Results

In the open field, we observed habituation deficits in two versions of the Q175 model (zQ175dn and Q175FDN, on two different background strains), and using B-SOiD, an advanced machine learning approach, we found altered performance of rearing in male manifest zQ175dn mice. Notably, we found that weight had a considerable effect on performance of accelerating rotarod and water T-maze tasks and controlled for this by normalizing for weight. Manifest zQ175dn mice displayed a deficit in accelerating rotarod (after weight normalization), as well as changes to paw kinematics specific to males. Our water T-maze experiments revealed response learning deficits in manifest zQ175dn mice and reversal learning deficits in premanifest male zQ175dn mice; further analysis using PyMouseTracks software allowed us to characterize new behavioural features in this task, including time at decision point and number of accelerations. In a home cage-based lever-pulling assessment, we found significant learning deficits in male manifest zQ175dn mice. A subset of mice also underwent electrophysiology slice experiments, revealing a reduced spontaneous excitatory event frequency in male manifest zQ175dn mice.

Conclusions

Our study uncovered several behavioural changes in Q175 mice that differed by sex, age, and strain. Our results highlight the impact of weight and experimental protocol on behavioural results, and the utility of machine learning tools to examine behaviour in more detailed ways than was previously possible. Specifically, this work provides the field with an updated overview of behavioural impairments in this model of HD, as well as novel techniques for dissecting behaviour in the open field, accelerating rotarod, and T-maze tasks.
Role of LsrR in the regulation of biofilm formation in mammary pathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Xu Li , Wang Wei , Zhang Xin , Ma Kai , Wang Hui , Xue Ting
Published: May 2024

Background

Mammary Pathogenic Escherichia coli (MPEC) is an important pathogen that can escape the attack of the host immune system through biofilm formation and proliferate in the mammary gland continuously, resulting in mastitis in cows and causing enormous economic losses. As an effector of AI-2 quorum sensing, LsrR extensively affects the expression levels of hundreds of genes related to multiple biological processes in model E. coli strain. However, the regulatory role of LsrR in MPEC and whether it is involved in pathogenesis has been seldom reported.

Results

In this study, the function of LsrR in strain MPEC5, obtained from a milk sample in dairy cows with mastitis, was investigated by performing high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq) assays. The results revealed that LsrR down-regulated the transcript levels of fimAICDFGH (encoding Type 1 pili), which have been reported to be associated with biofilm formation process. Biofilm assays confirmed that deletion of lsrR resulted in a significant increase in biofilm formation in vitro. In addition, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) provided evidence that LsrR protein could directly bind to the promoter regions of fimAICDFGH in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusions

These results indicate that LsrR protein inhibits the biofilm formation ability of MPEC5 by directly binding to the fimAICDFGH promoter region. This study presents a novel clue for further exploration of the prevention and treatment of MPEC.
The Interleukin-6 gene variants may protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection and the severity of COVID-19: a case-control study in a Moroccan population
Authors: Noureddine Rachid , Baba Hanâ , Aqillouch Safaa , Abounouh Karima , Laazaazia Oumaima , Elmessaoudi-Idrissi Mohcine , Bahmani Fatima Zohra , Tanouti Ikram Allah , Ouladlahsen Ahd , Sarih M’hammed , Dehbi Hind , Ezzikouri Sayeh
Published: May 2024

The symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection vary widely, ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe forms marked by acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ damage, and fatalities. Studies indicate a correlation between specific genes and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity, particularly involving variants in genes linked to inflammation and immune responses. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between rs1800795 (− 174 G > C) and rs1800797 (− 597 A > G) variants in the interleukin-6 (IL-6) promoter region and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, we aim to explore their correlation with COVID-19 severity in a Moroccan population. In this case-control study, we enrolled 270 unvaccinated COVID-19 patients, consisting of 132 with severe COVID-19 and 138 with asymptomatic-moderate COVID-19. Additionally, we included 339 SARS-CoV-2-negative group. Genotyping of rs1800795 and rs1800797 polymorphisms of the IL-6 gene was performed using predesigned TaqMan SNP genotyping. The median age of SARS-CoV-2-negative controls was 50 years, while severe COVID-19 cases exhibited a median age of 61 years. Additionally, individuals with asymptomatic to moderate COVID-19 had a median age of 36 years. We observed a significant age difference between severe and mild COVID-19 patients (p < 0.0001), and an association was noted between gender and the severity of COVID-19 (p = 0.011). The allele and genotype frequencies of the IL-6 − 597G > A and − 174G > C variants did not show significant associations with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection (p > 0.05). However, further analysis revealed that the linkage disequilibrium between rs1800797 and rs1800795 indicated that individuals with the GC* haplotype (OR = 0.04, 95% CI 0.01–0.30, p = 0.001) and AG* haplotype (OR = 0.11, 95% CI 0.03–0.46, p = 0.002) were significantly associated with protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, in the overdominant model, the IL-6 − 174 G/C genotype was found to be protective against the development of severe disease compared to those with the G/G-C/C genotypes (p = 0.03; OR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.18–0.96). However, correlations between complete blood count markers, hematological markers, D-dimer, C-reactive protein, and ferritin levels according to − 597 A > G and − 174G > C genotypes showed no significant differences (all p > 0.05). Our findings provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of COVID-19, suggesting that genetic variations at the IL-6 gene may contribute to the susceptibility to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection within the Moroccan population.
A novel functionalized CuTi hybrid nanocomposites: facile one-pot mycosynthesis, characterization, antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antifouling and wastewater disinfection performance
Authors: Almahdy Asmaa G. , El-Sayed Ahmed , Eltarahony Marwa
Published: May 2024

Background

The continuous progress in nanotechnology is rapid and extensive with overwhelming futuristic aspects. Through modernizing inventive synthesis protocols, a paradigm leapfrogging in novelties and findings are channeled toward fostering human health and sustaining the surrounding environment. Owing to the overpricing and jeopardy of physicochemical synthesizing approaches, the quest for ecologically adequate schemes is incontestable. By developing environmentally friendly strategies, mycosynthesis of nanocomposites has been alluring.

Results

Herein, a novel architecture of binary CuO and TiO2 in nanocomposites form was fabricated using bionanofactory Candida sp., for the first time. For accentuating the structural properties of CuTi nanocomposites (CuTiNCs), various characterization techniques were employed. UV-Vis spectroscopy detected SPR at 350 nm, and XRD ascertained the crystalline nature of a hybrid system. However, absorption peaks at 8, 4.5, and 0.5 keV confirmed the presence of Cu, Ti and oxygen, respectively, in an undefined assemblage of polygonal-spheres of 15–75 nm aggregated in the fungal matrix of biomolecules as revealed by EDX, SEM and TEM. However, FTIR, ζ-potential and TGA reflected long-term stability (− 27.7 mV) of self-functionalized CuTiNCs. Interestingly, a considerable and significant biocide performance was detected at 50 µg/mL of CuTiNCs against some human and plant pathogens, compared to monometallic counterparts. Further, CuTiNCs (200 µg/mL) ceased significantly the development of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans biofilms by 80.3 ± 1.4, 68.7 ± 3.0 and 55.7 ± 3.0%, respectively. Whereas, 64.63 ± 3.5 and 89.82 ± 4.3% antimicrofouling potentiality was recorded for 100 and 200 µg/ml of CuTiNCs, respectively; highlighting their destructive effect against marine microfoulers cells and decaying of their extracellular polymeric skeleton as visualized by SEM. Moreover, CuTiNCs (100 and 200 µg/ml) exerted significantly outstanding disinfection potency within 2 h by reducing the microbial load (i.e., total plate count, mold & yeast, total coliforms and faecal Streptococcus) in domestic and agricultural effluents reached >50%.

Conclusion

The synergistic efficiency provided by CuNPs and TiNPs in mycofunctionalized CuTiNCs boosted its recruitment as antiphytopathogenic, antibiofilm, antimicrofouling and disinfectant agent in various realms.
Towards malaria elimination: a reflection about digital notification modules to improve malaria cases notification speed and follow-up in the Brazilian Amazon region
Authors: Garcia Klauss Kleydmann Sabino , Rodovalho Sheila Rodrigues , Siqueira André M.
Published: May 2024

Background

Health information systems (HIS) are a pivotal element in epidemiological surveillance. In Brazil, malaria persists as a public health challenge, with 99% of its occurrences concentrated in the Amazon region, where cases are reported through the HIS Sivep-Malaria. Recent technological advancements indicate that case notifications can be expedited through more efficient systems with broader coverage. The objective of this study is to analyse opportunities for notification within Sivep-Malaria and explore the implementation of mobile electronic devices and applications to enhance the performance of malaria case notifications and use.

Methods

This descriptive study analyses data on malaria-positive cases in the Brazilian Amazon from 2004 to 2022. Malaria Epidemiological Surveillance System (Sivep-Malaria) data were used. The Brazilian Amazon region area is approximately 5 million km2 across nine different states in Brazil. Data entry opportunities were assessed by considering the time difference between the 'date of data entry' and the 'date of notification.' Descriptive statistics, including analyses of means and medians, were conducted across the entire Amazon region, and for indigenous population villages and gold mining areas.

Results

Between 2004 and 2022, 6,176,878 new malaria cases were recorded in Brazil. The average data entry opportunity throughout the period was 17.9 days, with a median of 8 days. The most frequently occurring value was 1 day, and 99% of all notifications were entered within 138 days, with 75.0% entered within 20 days after notification. The states with the poorest data entry opportunities were Roraima and Tocantins, with averages of 31.3 and 31.0 days, respectively. For indigenous population villages and gold mining areas, the median data entry opportunities were 23 and 15 days, respectively.

Conclusions

In malaria elimination, where surveillance is a primary strategy for evaluating each reported case, reducing notification time, enhancing data quality and being able to follow-up cases through computerized reports offer significant benefits for cases investigation. Technological improvements in Sivep-Malaria could yield substantial benefits for malaria control in Brazil, aiding the country in achieving disease elimination and fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals.
Discrimination, disadvantage and disempowerment during COVID-19: a qualitative intrasectional analysis of the lived experiences of an ethnically diverse healthcare workforce in the United Kingdom
Authors: Gogoi Mayuri , Qureshi Irtiza , Chaloner Jonathan , Al-Oraibi Amani , Reilly Holly , Wobi Fatimah , Agbonmwandolor Joy Oghogho , Ekezie Winifred , Hassan Osama , Lal Zainab , Kapilashrami Anuj , Nellums Laura , Pareek Manish ,   on behalf of the UK-REACH Study Collaborative Group Members, Gray Laura , Guyatt Anna L , Johns Catherine , McManus Chris I , Woolf Katherine , Abubakar Ibrahim , Gupta Amit , Abrams Keith R , Tobin Martin D , Wain Louise , Carr Sue , Dove Edward , Khunti Kamlesh , Ford David , Free Robert
Published: May 2024

Background

Healthcare workers (HCWs) in the United Kingdom (UK) have faced many challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, some of these arising out of their social positions. Existing literature explicating these challenges (e.g., lack of appropriate PPE, redeployment, understaffing) have highlighted inequities in how these have been experienced by HCWs based on ethnicity, gender or, job role. In this paper, we move a step ahead and examine how the intersection of these social positions have impacted HCWs’ experiences of challenges during the pandemic.

Methods

We collected qualitative data, using interviews and focus groups, from 164 HCWs from different ethnicities, gender, job roles, migration statuses, and regions in the United Kingdom (UK) between December 2020 and July 2021. Interviews and focus groups were conducted online or by telephone, and recorded with participants’ permission. Recordings were transcribed and a hybrid thematic analytical approach integrating inductive data-driven codes with deductive ones informed by an intersectional framework was adopted to analyse the transcripts.

Results

Thematic analysis of transcripts identified disempowerment, disadvantage and, discrimination as the three main themes around which HCWs’ experiences of challenges were centred, based on their intersecting identities (e.g., ethnicity gender, and/or migration status). Our analysis also acknowledges that disadvantages faced by HCWs were linked to systemic and structural factors at the micro, meso and macro ecosystemic levels. This merging of analysis which is grounded in intersectionality and considers the ecosystemic levels has been termed as ‘intrasectionalism’.

Discussion

Our research demonstrates how an intrasectional lens can help better understand how different forms of mutually reinforcing inequities exist at all levels within the healthcare workforce and how these impact HCWs from certain backgrounds who face greater disadvantage, discrimination and disempowerment, particularly during times of crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic.
Navigating the nexus between British Columbia’s public consumption and decriminalization policies of illegal drugs
Authors: Ali Farihah , Law Justine , Russell Cayley , Crépault Jean-Francois , Goulão João Castel-Branco , Lock Kurt , Rehm Jürgen
Published: May 2024

In January 2023, the province of British Columbia (BC) decriminalized the possession of certain illegal drugs for personal use. The province’s primary intent was to reduce the stigma associated with drug use, as well as barriers for people who use drugs (PWUD) to access treatment and supports. However, less than ten months into the decriminalization policy, due to growing concerns about public safety voiced by municipal governments and communities, the provincial government made amendments to the policy to ban the public consumption of illicit drugs in additional locations, and subsequently introduced additional legislation, Bill 34, aimed at regulating public consumption of drugs in public spaces. Some communities have also implemented local bylaws similarly regulating public drug use. Bill 34 and local bylaws may serve as tools to promote community health and safety and minimize direct and indirect harms associated with public drug use. However, such legislation may re-criminalize PWUD and reinforce negative perceptions surrounding drug use, especially if these policies are not paired with strategies to expand the availability and accessibility of critical harm reduction and housing services. Without ample access to these services, limitations on public drug use can potentially displace individuals to areas where they are more likely to use alone, further exposing them to substance use-related harms, and undermining the goals of decriminalization. The potential effects of these restrictions may also disproportionately impact marginalized populations. As of April 2024, Bill 34 remains on hold. Moving forward, it will be important to monitor this bill, as well as other public consumption bylaws and legislation, and their impact on BC’s overall decriminalization initiative. Decision-makers are urged to increase engagement with PWUD and relevant stakeholders in the design and implementation of policies pertaining to public consumption to ensure that they effectively address the evolving needs and realities of PWUD, and align with decriminalization goals.
An association between elevated telomerase reverse transcriptase expression and the immune tolerance disruption of dendritic cells
Authors: Xu Xuejie , Mo Lihua , Liao Yun , Zhang Kaitlyn Song , Zhang Hanqing , Liu Le , Liu Yu , Tang Aifa , Yang Pingchang , Liu Xiaoyu
Published: May 2024

Background

To elucidate the mechanism of dysfunction of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) is of significance. Telomerase involves the regulation of the cell fate and activities. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) in regulating the tolerogenic feature of DCs.

Methods

The telomerase was assessed in DCs, which were collected from patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), healthy control (HC) subjects, and mice. RNAs were extracted from DCs, and analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNAseq), real-time quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blotting.

Results

The results showed that expression of TERT was higher in peripheral DCs of AR patients. The expression of IL10 in DCs was negatively correlated with the levels of TERT expression. Importantly, the levels of TERT mRNA in DCs were associated with the AR response in patients with AR. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress promoted the expression of Tert in DCs. Sensitization with the ovalbumin-aluminum hydroxide protocol increased the expression of Tert in DCs by exacerbating ER stress. TERT interacting with c-Maf (the transcription factor of IL-10) inducing protein (CMIP) in DCs resulted in CMIP ubiquitination and degradation, and thus, suppressed the production of IL-10. Inhibition of Tert in DCs mitigated experimental AR.

Conclusions

Elevated amounts of TERT were detected in DCs of patients with AR. The tolerogenic feature of DCs was impacted by TERT. Inhibited TERT attenuated experimental AR.
APC/C-regulated CPT1C promotes tumor progression by upregulating the energy supply and accelerating the G1/S transition
Authors: Zhao Huihui , Cheng Xinxin , Yan Liping , Mi Fang , Wang Wenqing , Hu Yuying , Liu Xingyang , Fan Yuyan , Min Qingjie , Wang Yan , Zhang Weimin , Wu Qingnan , Zhan Qimin
Published: May 2024

Background

In addition to functioning as a precise monitoring mechanism in cell cycle, the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is reported to be involved in regulating multiple metabolic processes by facilitating the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of key enzymes. Fatty acid oxidation is a metabolic pathway utilized by tumor cells that is crucial for malignant progression; however, its association with APC/C remains to be explored.

Methods

Cell cycle synchronization, immunoblotting, and propidium iodide staining were performed to investigate the carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 C (CPT1C) expression manner. Proximity ligation assay and co-immunoprecipitation were performed to detect interactions between CPT1C and APC/C. Flow cytometry, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2 H-tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) assays, cell-scratch assays, and transwell assays and xenograft transplantation assays were performed to investigate the role of CPT1C in tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tumor tissue microarray to evaluate the expression levels of CPT1C and explore its potential clinical value.

Results

We identified CPT1C as a novel APC/C substrate. CPT1C protein levels exhibited cell cycle-dependent fluctuations, peaking at the G1/S boundary. Elevated CPT1C accelerated the G1/S transition, facilitating tumor cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, CPT1C enhanced fatty acid utilization, upregulated ATP levels, and decreased reactive oxygen species levels, thereby favoring cell survival in a harsh metabolic environment. Clinically, high CPT1C expression correlated with poor survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Conclusions

Overall, our results revealed a novel interplay between fatty acid utilization and cell cycle machinery in tumor cells. Additionally, CPT1C promoted tumor cell proliferation and survival by augmenting cellular ATP levels and preserving redox homeostasis, particularly under metabolic stress. Therefore, CPT1C could be an independent prognostic indicator in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Single center clinical analysis of macrophage activation syndrome complicating juvenile rheumatic diseases
Authors: Huang Shuoyin , Liu Yingying , Yan Wu , Zhang Tonghao , Wang Panpan , Zhu Meifang , Zhang Xiaohua , Zhou Peng , Fan Zhidan , Yu Haiguo
Published: May 2024

Background

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), an example of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, is a potentially fatal complication of rheumatic diseases. We aimed to study the clinical and laboratory characteristics, treatment schemes, and outcomes of different rheumatic disorders associated with MAS in children. Early warning indicators of MAS have also been investigated to enable clinicians to make a prompt and accurate diagnosis.

Methods

Fifty-five patients with rheumatic diseases complicated by MAS were enrolled between January 2017 and December 2022. Clinical and laboratory data were collected before disease onset, at diagnosis, and after treatment with MAS, and data were compared between patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA), Kawasaki disease (KD), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A random forest model was established to show the importance score of each variable with a significant difference.

Results

Most (81.8%) instances of MAS occurred during the initial diagnosis of the underlying disease. Compared to the active stage of sJIA, the platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and fibrinogen level in sJIA-MAS were significantly decreased, whereas ferritin, ferritin/erythrocyte sedimentation rate, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and D-dimer levels were significantly increased. Ferritin level, ferritin/erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and platelet count had the greatest predictive value for sJIA-MAS. The level of IL-18 in the sJIA-MAS group was significantly higher than in the active sJIA group, whereas IL-6 levels were significantly lower. Most patients with MAS were treated with methylprednisolone pulse combined with cyclosporine, and no deaths occurred.

Conclusions

Thrombocytopenia, ferritin levels, the ferritin/erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels can predict the occurrence of MAS in patients with sJIA. Additionally, our analysis indicates that IL-18 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MAS in sJIA-MAS.
Decadal analysis of measles epidemiological data in India (2011–2020)
Authors: Agiwal Varun , Chaudhuri Sirshendu , Kumar Maddela Vinay , Yasheswini Palle Venkata
Published: May 2024

Background

Despite India being one of the largest contributors to the measles burden, crucial epidemiological information is significantly lacking. We have analyzed the national-level representative data between 2011 and 2020 to estimate the national- and state-level incidence, first dose vaccine coverage, and mortality; and developed a prediction model to examine the trend of the disease.

Methods

We extracted the Health Management Information System (HMIS) for monthly aggregated measles cases, deaths, and child immunization (9–11 months) for first dose measles vaccine coverage across all states & Union Territories (UT). Population information & projections were extracted based on Census 2011. A multilevel fixed effect panel data model was used to predict measles incidence rate, assuming measles vaccination coverage as a predictor while accounting for time fixed effects.

Results

Total 558,536 measles cases and 4209 measles deaths were reported in India between 2010 and 2020. The incidence rate was highest in 2013 (628.8/million population), followed by a significant decline to reach 52.0/million in 2020. Measles vaccination coverage for the first dose was 84.1% in 2011 to 91.3% in 2019. Higher vaccination coverage was significantly correlated (r = 0.7, p = 0.02) with decline of measles incidence rate. The case fatality rate (CFR) was least in 2014 (0.13%) but upsurged consistently reaching to 3.3% in 2020. The predictive model indicates that with a first-dose vaccine coverage of 93.5%, and keeping other factors constant, the national measles incidence is projected to reach zero by 2025.

Conclusion

Measles incidence is declining in India due to higher vaccination coverage, yet the rise in death rates emphasizes the need for continued collaborative efforts to achieve a measles-free nation.
Vulnerable conditions syndemic, depression, and suicidal ideation among school children in China: cross-sectional census findings
Authors: Wang Hanqian , Lu Jingjing , Zhao Honghui , Li Lu , Zhou Xudong
Published: May 2024

Background

Mental health issues (depression and suicidal ideation) are increasingly common in children and emerge as escalating public health concerns. The syndemics that underline the importance of risk factor clustering provides a framework for intervention, but there is a lack of research on syndemics involving the adverse interactions of children’s mental health problems. This study therefore examined the cumulative and synergistic effects of vulnerable conditions on depression and suicidal ideation among children in China.

Methods

A mental health screening census of students in grades 5–12 was conducted from November 2022 to January 2023 in Nanling County, Anhui Province, China. The prevalence and co-occurrence of vulnerable conditions (unfavorable parental marital status, left-behind experience, bullying victimization, and self-harm behavior), depression, and suicidal ideation and the cumulative and synergistic effects of vulnerable conditions on depression and suicidal ideation were explored.

Results

Nearly a quarter of students (24.8%) reported at least two syndemic conditions. Overall, the prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation were 20.2% and 24.2% respectively. The odds of depression and suicidal ideation were higher for children with one or more vulnerable conditions and were ten times higher for children with three or more vulnerable conditions compared with those without any vulnerable condition. These four vulnerable conditions can increase the odds of depression and suicidal ideation by interacting synergistically with each other.

Conclusion

Our findings signal the importance of addressing mental health syndemics among children in China by simultaneously considering concurrent vulnerable conditions.
scCDC: a computational method for gene-specific contamination detection and correction in single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-seq data
Authors: Wang Weijian , Cen Yihui , Lu Zezhen , Xu Yueqing , Sun Tianyi , Xiao Ying , Liu Wanlu , Li Jingyi Jessica , Wang Chaochen
Published: May 2024

In droplet-based single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-seq assays, systematic contamination of ambient RNA molecules biases the quantification of gene expression levels. Existing methods correct the contamination for all genes globally. However, there lacks specific evaluation of correction efficacy for varying contamination levels. Here, we show that DecontX and CellBender under-correct highly contaminating genes, while SoupX and scAR over-correct lowly/non-contaminating genes. Here, we develop scCDC as the first method to detect the contamination-causing genes and only correct expression levels of these genes, some of which are cell-type markers. Compared with existing decontamination methods, scCDC excels in decontaminating highly contaminating genes while avoiding over-correction of other genes.
Study protocol: group-based psychoeducation for relatives of patients with bipolar disorder—a large scale real-world randomized controlled parallel group trial, the R-bipolar RCT
Authors: Stokholm Julie Ravneberg , Vinberg Maj , Faurholt-Jepsen Maria , Kessing Lars Vedel
Published: May 2024

Background

Relatives of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) often experience emotional burden with stress and depressive symptoms that again increase the likelihood of destabilization and relapses in the patient. The effects of group-based psychoeducation have not been investigated in large-scale real-world settings. We are currently conducting a large-scale real-world randomized controlled parallel group trial (RCT) to test whether group-based psychoeducation for 200 relatives to patients with BD improves mood instability and other critical outcomes in relatives and the corresponding patients with BD.

Methods

The trial is designed as a two-arm, parallel-group randomized trial with a balanced randomization 1:1 to either group-based psychoeducation or a waiting list for approximately 4 months and subsequent group-based psychoeducation. The primary outcome measure is mood instability calculated based on daily smartphone-based mood self-assessments. Other relevant outcomes are measured, including patients’ reported outcomes, assessing self-assessed burden, self-efficacy, and knowledge about BD.

Discussion

This protocol describes our currently ongoing randomized controlled trial (RCT) that aims at investigating group-based psychoeducation as an intervention for relatives of individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD). The study is the first large-scale real-world RCT to focus on a relatively short intervention of psychoeducation (6 sessions of 2 h each) in a large group of relatives (approximately 30 participants per group). With this focus, we wish to test an intervention that is feasible to implement in real-life psychiatric settings with limited budgets and time. It is also the first study to use mood instability in relatives as the primary outcome measure and to investigate whether mood instability and other affective symptoms in patients and relatives covary. It could be considered as limitations, that the trial is not blinded and does not include long-term follow-up.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06176001. Registered on 2023–12-19. The study is approved by the data agency (P-2021–809). The project was allowed to be initiated without permission from the Scientific Ethical Committees for the Capital Region, because it according to section 1, paragraph 4 of the Committee Act was not defined as a health scientific intervention study (case number 21063013).