bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the perioperative outcomes of emergency cesarean section in maternal and neonatal prognosis: A propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Yan Feiyi , Wang Jing , Liang Zhuwei , Han Ruquan , Ma Jiajia
Published: September 2024

Objective
To evaluate the impact of COVID-19 infection on maternal and neonatal prognosis.
Study Design and Setting:
This retrospective, propensity score-matched analysis was conducted at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China, from October 2022 to December 2022.
Participants:
We retrospectively collected clinical data from 711 parturient women and their neonates. The inclusion criteria were: 1) parturient women who underwent emergency caesarean section within less than 2 hours; 2) parturient women who underwent nucleic acid testing for COVID-19; and 3) at least one COVID-19 related clinical symptom, such as fever, cough, nausea, or other symptoms. The exclusion criteria were parturient women who had natural childbirth or lacked COVID-19 related clinical symptoms.
Methods
Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed based on whether the parturient women were infected with COVID-19 (defined as nucleic acid test positive combined with at least one clinical symptom related to COVID-19 infection, versus test negative). The covariates included age, height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), weight gain during pregnancy, anesthesia method, gestational week, term pregnancy, preoperative routine blood test, and coagulation function.
Results
The research cohort ultimately included 58 parturient women and their newborns through PSM and inverse probability of treatment (n = 29 positive, n = 29 negative). There was a lower incidence of fetal distress in the non-infected group (17.24% vs 44.83%, OR = 3.9, 95% CI 1.163–13.078, P = 0.023). The anesthesia satisfaction score and postoperative recovery quality (QoR-15) score were higher in the non-infected group (10 vs 10, P = 0.005 and 144 vs 148, P = 0.029, respectively).
Conclusion
COVID-19 infection combined with related clinical symptoms may increase the likelihood of fetal distress and reduce maternal satisfaction with anesthesia and postoperative recovery quality scores.
Comparison of Trans-Umbilical Single-Port Laparoscopic Complete Extraperitoneal Closure and Laparoscopic Intracorporeal Closure for Pediatric Inguinal Hernia: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Li Yanyi , Jin Zhu , Tang Chengyan , Gong Yuan , Huang Lu , Du Qing , Xia Xinrong , Zhu Daiwei , Zhou Wangkan , Li Zeping , Wang Weiao , Liu Yuanmei , Zheng Zebing
Published: September 2024

Background
The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of Trans-umbilical single-port laparoscopic complete extraperitoneal closure (LCEC) and laparoscopic intracorporeal closure (LIC) for inguinal hernia by analysis of follow-up data over 5 years.
Methods
In this prospective randomized controlled trial, 524 children with inguinal hernia were randomly assigned to undergo LCEC or LIC between August 2016 and December 2017. The primary outcome measures were the success and recurrence rates. The secondary outcome measures were operative time; length of hospital stay; postoperative pain score; and incidence of postoperative complications, including rates of wound infection, stitch abscess, and testicular atrophy.
Results
Primary analysis of the 227 patients in the LIC group and 215 patients in the LCEC group revealed that in the LCEC group, the success rate of was significantly higher in LCEC group (96.7% vs. 90.3%, P < .05) and the length of hospital stay was significantly shorter (P < .05) than those of the LIC group. Neither the recurrence rate (P > .05) nor the operative time (P > .05) of the groups significantly differed. The pain scores at postoperative 12 and 24 hours were significantly lower in the LCEC group than in the LIC group (P < .05). The incidence rates of wound infection (0.93% vs. 5.7%, P < .05) and stitch abscess (1.4% vs. 7.0%, P < .05) were significantly lower in the LCEC group than in the LIC group. No testicular atrophy occurred in either group.
Conclusion
LCEC is associated with better clinical success and fewer postoperative complications for repair of pediatric inguinal hernia compared with LIC.
Bipolar Disorder in a female with CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder: A Case Report
Authors: Lucash Jenna , Hong William , Swanson Lindsay , Maski Kiran , Urion David , Kim Jung , Leonard Helen , Olson Heather
Published: September 2024

Background: CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is an early-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. While a subset of individuals is believed to experience comorbid behavioral disorders, none have reported well-defined affective disorders. Though there is a documented association between epilepsy and mood disorders, they may go undetected in the CDD population due to difficulty assessing mood in the presence of severe/profound intellectual disability and disease-related sleep dysregulation. We aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of an individual with CDD who presented with a mood disorder falling outside this expected behavioral phenotype.
Case Presentation: We identified one 22-year-old female with CDD diagnosed with unspecified bipolar disorder at 18 years of age. Family history was noncontributory. At diagnosis, she had fluctuations in mood, characterized by periods of elated affect, increased energy and vocalizations, hypertonia, and insomnia lasting 3-4 days alternating with periods of depressed affect, irritability, hypotonia, and excessive sleep lasting for up to one month. She had experienced frequent mood swings and sleep dysregulation from early childhood, and by early adulthood the duration of “up” and “down” periods fell in the range specified in the DSM-5 bipolar disorder criteria. Trazodone and suvorexant did not alleviate sleep related symptoms. Her epilepsy was well controlled on lamotrigine monotherapy since early childhood. Though lamotrigine treatment has had no psychiatric benefit despite its known mood stabilizing properties, aripiprazole has been effective in reducing severity and frequency of fluctuations between hypomania and depression.
Conclusions: While sleep and behavioral disorders fall within the expected phenotype for CDD, this is the first report of bipolar disorder. Careful attention to patterns of sleep and behavior that may indicate mood cycling in this population is required, particularly in the setting of limited communication and functional abilities.
The association between lipid accumulation products and gallstones in US adults: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2017–2020
Authors: Bin Chuxuan , Zhang Shutian
Published: September 2024

Background
The lipid accumulation product (LAP) is an efficient indicator for identifying individuals with various metabolic disorders. However, the association between LAP and gallstones is uncertain. In this study, we examined the association between LAP and gallstones.
Methods
The data obtained from individuals ≥ 20 years old who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between March 2017 and 2020 (pre-pandemic) were analyzed. Logistic regression, nonlinear regression, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between LAP and gallstones.
Results
Among the 2,755 participants (mean age: 50.4 ± 17 years, 48.7% female), 301 individuals (12.3%) suffered from gallstones. Each unit increase in LAP, after natural logarithm (Ln) conversion, was associated with a 59% increase in the incidence of gallstone (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.05) in the fully adjusted model, particularly in females, non-Hispanic Whites, and other races/ethnicities, and individuals without coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes.
Conclusions
LAP is positively associated with the incidence of gallstones.
Coverage of Mass Drug Administration and Outcomes for Schistosomiasis and Soil Transmitted Helminths, Uganda, 2013–2023
Authors: Namara Benigna G. , Kwesiga Benon , Migisha Richard , Bulage Lilian , Tinkitina Benjamin , Ario Alex Riolexus , Mubangizi Alfred
Published: September 2024

Background
Uganda has a high burden of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), particularly affecting the rural populations. Some NTDs are targeted for control/elimination using preventive chemotherapy administered annually or bi-annually to populations at risk through mass drug administration (MDA). Schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminths (STHs) are among these. MDA for Schistosomiasis is given only to school-age children (SAC) and adults while that for STHs is given only to SAC and pre-school-age children (preSAC). The MDA coverage target for both these NTDs is 75%. Decline in size of population at risk (PAR) and number of cases are indicators of effective control/progress towards elimination. We describe the trends in coverage of MDA and outcomes for schistosomiasis and STHs.
Methods
We reviewed available data on MDA coverage, size of population at risk and disease occurrence (case counts) for schistosomiasis and STHs from 2013 to 2023. We analysed the trends using the Mann Kendal test.
Results
From 2014–2022, there was an apparent increase in MDA coverage for schistosomiasis for both SAC (from 21–82%, p = 0.5) and adults (from 34–36%, p = 0.1) but both trends were not significant. Similarly, for STHs, MDA coverage increased for both SAC (from 63–114%, p = 0.09) and preSAC (from 65–76%, p = 1.0), but these trends were not significant. The PAR for schistosomiasis increased by 25% for SAC (2014: 4,777,189 vs 2022: 5,979,311, p = 0.002) and by 60% for adults (2014: 4,436,444 vs 2022: 7,091,933, p = 0.03). For STHs, PAR increased by 19% for both SAC (2014:11,287,385 vs 2022:13,397,219, p = 0.03) and preSAC (2014: 5,279,025 vs 2022: 6,299,355, p = 0.047). From 2013–2023, there was a 62% reduction in reported cases of Schistosomiasis (2013: 6518 vs 2023: 2501, p = 0.7) and a 52% reduction in reported cases of STHs (2013: 2,457,021 vs 2023:1,176,463, p = 0.5) but both trends were not significant.
Conclusions
Current efforts to control Schistosomiasis and STHs are ineffectual. Efforts to improve and maintain MDA coverage for both NTDs to the target of 75% are crucial, while the rise in PAR and unabating case counts necessitates targeted interventions including improved sanitation, health education and vaccine development.
When Do Elite Speed Skaters Reach Peak Performance and How Can It Be Enhanced? A Longitudinal Data Study.
Authors: Chen Yuming , Chen Jiexing , Chen Hui , Cao Yang , Su Christine , Chen Liang
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to investigate the peak performance characteristics of world elite speed skaters and the key factors involved in the journey towards achieving better peak performance. Data from 651 elite skaters across the 2003/2004 to 2022/2023 seasons were collected from the International Skating Union database. Individual quadratic trajectories were used to track progression to peak performance. K-means clustering grouped competitive feature variables, and key developmental factors were analyzed through a binary logistic regression model, with the Odds Ratio (OR) indicating whether a factor was favorable (OR>1) or unfavorable (OR<1). Significant differences (P<0.01) in the peak age between medalists and non-medalists were noticed, while no significant differences (P>0.05) were noticed between sexes or distances. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed between genders, as well as between medalists and non-medalists in the peak-performance window. Binary logistic regression revealed that medium (OR=8.070) or high (OR=28.242) first participation performance, high first major competition performance (OR=4.818), medium (OR=10.661) or early (OR=51.592) first major competition age, medium career-best performance age (OR=40.333), participation frequency above 2.8 times/year in phase-3 (2.8-4.7 times/year: OR=5.132; 4.8-8.0 times/year: OR=8.171), and a career length of 9 years or more (9-13 years: OR=2.538; 14-21 years: OR=4.647) were favorable factors for achieving better peak performance. In conclusion, peak age range for world elite speed skaters was 25-28 years, with a duration of peak performance lasting 4-5 year. Certain developmental factors were key conditions for world elite speed skaters to enhance their peak performance in the future.
Niosome; a stable antioxidant drug delivery system and effect on improvement of neurological defects in animal model of stroke
Authors: Sadeghian Zahra , Bigdeli Mohammad Reza , Moghadam Fatemeh Mortazavi , Jahanfar Mehdi
Published: September 2024

According to World Health Organization statistics, millions of people suffer an ischemic stroke each year, that oxidative stress as the main factor leads to damage to the brain cells. In this study, Niosome with antioxidant content of Satureja.rechingeri plant was applied to different brain regions to achieve better recovery. In this study, 60 Wistar male rats divided into 4 groups (n=15) randomly and were subjected to MCAO model: Sham group, control group, the first and second treatment groups. That were treated with specific doses of drugs by subcutaneous injection. That groups were divided into 5 subgroups (n=3) and analyzed according to stroke volume, edema, permeability of the brain-blood barrier, concentration of the superoxide dismutase enzyme and relative expression of microRNA 327. The data showed that both groups of essential oil Satureja.rechingeri and Niosome loaded with it caused a significant reduction in stroke volume, brain edema, reduction in Evans blue concentration (P≤0.05) and the relative expression of miR- 327 was reported to downregulated. Thus, it seems essential oil Satureja.rechingeri has a high antioxidant capacity against reactive oxygen species, and when loaded in the niosome can prevent the destruction of this substance against oxidation and have a protective effect on nerve cells and epithelial capillary, that leads to an increase in the strength of the blood-brain barrier which may have a protective effect against ischemic stroke.
Quantifying PM2.5 at Two Urban Sites in Akure, Nigeria Using Low-Cost Sensor Technology
Authors: Abulude Francis Olawale , Saetae Sawanya , Ndamitso Mohammed Mohammed , Akinnusotu Akinyinka , Oluwagbayide Samuel Dare , Nakayama Tomoki
Published: September 2024

PM2.5 has been a problem for inhabitants throughout the whole world. To reduce this, there is a need to know the amount that is present in the atmosphere. The quantification of PM2.5 will help to determine the type of remedies for air quality. One of the methods used for quantification is the use of low-cost sensors which are easy to use, high temporal resolution, and small to handle. The aim of this study is to apply low-cost optical sensors to determine the PM2.5 during the dry (Harmattan) season at two sites in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. The results showed that PM2.5 at a site (Site-B) ranged between 14.4 and 590.4 µg/m3, while that at another site (Site-C) ranged between 14.5 and 737.2 µg/m3. The mean values (75.7 and 87.5 µg/m3 at the Site-B and the Site-C, respectively) were significantly beyond the standard limits of WHO and NESREA. Shorter timescales peaks within a few hours were frequently observed especially at the Site C during daytime, likely due to the local emissions of PM2.5 due to combustion activities. The higher-density multi-points observations are highly recommended to understand sources, behavior, and health effects of PM2.5 in regional city in South-West Africa.
Single-sensor time reversal positioning method by using PSO-VMD-FastICA
Authors: li peixuan , an qi , wang kepeng , an guoqing , han xiaohui , yang xiaorui , li yilong , liu dongsheng , he ping , wang su , wang weichao , liang yongchun , zhao yuyang
Published: September 2024

In order to locate the transformer partial discharge position, the time reversal method is proposed. However, a single sensor is highly susceptible to noise during positioning. Therefore, this paper proposes the PSO-VMD-FastICA algorithm for denoising. The algorithm makes full use of the advantages of VMD variable parameters, optimizes through PSO, and further decomposes by using FastICA. The effectiveness of PSO-VMD-FastICA is verified by comparing the positioning results with those of the time inversion method without noise interference and the ordinary VMD algorithm.
Power Quality Solutions for Rail Transport using AI-based Unified Power Quality Conditioners
Authors: Nishad D. K. , Tiwari A. N. , Khalid Saifullah , Gupta Sandeep
Published: September 2024

This research proposes an AI-controlled Unified Power Quality Conditioner (AI-UPQC) to enhance power quality in railway power supply systems. The AI-UPQC utilizes artificial neural networks (ANNs) to generate optimal reference signals for controlling the series and shunt active power filters (APFs). Simulation analysis in a typical 25 kV, 50 Hz traction power supply network demonstrates the effectiveness of the AI-UPQC in maintaining balanced supply voltage and mitigating current harmonics under nonideal operating conditions. The AI-based control strategy outperforms the conventional PI controller in tackling nonlinearity and parameter variations, resulting in superior harmonic mitigation, resonance damping, and dynamic performance. The AI-UPQC significantly reduces voltage and current total harmonic distortion (THD) compared to the uncompensated case and the PI-UPQC. Economic analysis reveals substantial cost savings from reduced equipment maintenance, avoided penalties, and improved energy efficiency. The proposed data-driven AI-UPQC system offers a promising solution to the power quality challenges faced by modern electrified railway transportation networks. Future research directions include advanced machine learning algorithms, real-world testing, scalability, integration with renewable energy sources, and comprehensive economic analysis.
The influence of vanadium doping lithium iron phosphate on the low temperature properties and the diffusion mechanism of lithium ion
Authors: Xue Juanjuan , Wang Yong , Lin Jianjian , Ke Xiwen , Liang Guangchuan
Published: September 2024

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) is one of the most important cathode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries in the future, due to its incomparable cheapness, stability and cycle life. However, low Li-ion diffusion and electronic conductivity, which are related to the charging rate and low-temperature performance, have become the bottleneck problem. This article begins with doping Mn/Ti/V elements to study the effect of LiFePO4 low temperature discharge, LiFe0.95V0.05PO4, LiFe0.95Ti0.05PO4, LiFe0.95Mn0.05PO4 has been prepared easily and discharge capacity at -20℃ has reached 88%,80%, 76% respectively compared with that at 25 ℃. V-doped mode promotes the spherical growth of lithium iron phosphate material, and the particles are nano-spherical whose transverse and longitudinal growth rate is relatively consistent combined with the two diffusion models: “Mosaic models” and “Radial models”. Moreover, much smaller primary particle size (390 nm) LiFe0.95V0.05PO4 material whose lattice parameters of a and b reduced while c parameter enlarged with the increase of V doping content, which finally resulted in an overall decreased cell volume promote lithium ion diffusion. The (101) interplanar spacing of LiFePO4, LiFe0.95Mn0.05PO4, LiFe0.95Ti0.05PO4 and LiFe0.95V0.05PO4 was 4.274 Å, 4.279 Å, 4.282 Å, and 4.291 Å respectively, V-doped LiFePO4 has good low temperature performance, and the low temperature discharge performance is the best when the doping ratio is LiFe0.95V0.05PO4, and the which discharge capacity ratio is 87.99% and 67.69% at -20 ℃ and -40 ℃ respectively contrast with that at 25 ℃. The structural electron and ion transport properties of V-doped LiFePO4 are calculated by density functional theory. It has a low formation energy at the Fe site, which can be stably doped at the Fe site and form Mn-O /Ti-O /V-O chemical bonds. It is obvious that after doping vanadium, the migration energy barrier of lithium ions and the activation energy decreases even greater, and the transmission rate of lithium ions increases, which can improve the low-temperature discharge performance of LiFePO4 cathode materials.
Electric-controlled switching ON/OFF of bands in a graphene based multi-band metamaterial absorber
Authors: Kumar Raghwendra
Published: September 2024

Optical switches utilizing micro/nanostructures are currently in high demand. To enhance frequency-selective light absorption and achieve absorption-mediated switching, a novel design of graphene-assisted multi-band metamaterial absorber is numerically investigated at optical to near-infrared frequencies. It features a thin silicon layer with circular perforations on a monolayer graphene supported by a metallic substrate. The finite integration technique-based Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave studio is used for numerical simulations. The Coupled mode theory (CMT) is applied to validate the numerical results and to elucidate the origin of absorption. Simulation results show that the multi-band absorption is significantly enhanced due to critical coupling facilitated by guided-mode resonances within the system. The absorber exhibits four narrow absorption bands at wavelengths of 551 nm, 671nm, 817 nm, and 1071 nm, with absorptances of approximately 1, 0.54, 1, and 0.92, respectively. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) for these bands are 6 nm, 5 nm, 11 nm, and 8 nm, respectively. The main advantage of this absorber is its ability to electrically control the number of absorption bands. By applying an external gate voltage across the graphene layer, it can be switched from a multi-band absorber to a triple/double/single-band absorber or even a perfect reflector. The absorption spectra are investigated considering various factors, including different geometrical parameters, light polarization, chemical potential, and angle of incidence. Due to its multiple resonance wavelengths, high absorptance, insensitivity to polarization, and ability to switch bands, the proposed absorber holds promise for various applications across the visible to near-infrared frequency range.
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis and Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern among Women in Aden Governorate, Yemen
Authors: Gubran Ali N. M. , Al-Baghdadi Mohammed Ali Ahmed , Al-Haidary Naif Mohammed
Published: September 2024

Background
VVC is a complicated inflammatory infectious disease of the female genital tract caused by Candida genus. Most of studies in Yemen were not involved both risk factors and antifungal sensitivity patterns among VVC women. So this study was performed to evaluate risk factors contributed to the VVC and to evaluate the antifungals susceptibility patterns of Candida spp. among women in Aden, Yemen.
Methods
One hundred and two women were enrolled in this cross-sectional study; two high vaginal swabs were collected and tested microscopy and inoculated in SDA. Chromogenic medium was used to identified and differentiated the Candida species. Five available antifungal agents are used for sensitivity testing, include: ICZ, FCZ, KCZ, CLZ, NS, MCZ by Disc diffusion method. The data was finally analyzed by using SPSS® software (Version 21).
Results
A total of 102 women, the total mean ± SD age of women was 27.36 ± 7.7years, the min- max (16-47years). The overall frequency of VV among women was 39.2%. The highest rate was 22 (44.9%) in age group < 25. Five species of Candida were isolated where C. albicans was the most frequent in 55% of women, followed by C. krusei in 17.5%, C. glabrata in 12.5%, C. tropicalis in 10%. Significant association were found between the VVC and pregnancy and severity of symptoms (p = 0.066 and 0.0001), respectively. In the term of susceptibility testing for antifungal dugs, the overall resistance was 20% of CTZ, followed by 15%NS, 7.5% to KCZ and MCZ each and lowest rate of resistant was 2.5% for FCZ. All the five isolated species were 100% sensitive to ICZ.
Conclusion
It can be concluded from this study that the overall frequency of VVC among women in Aden-Yemen higher than that reported among Yemeni women while slightly lower than that reported globally. The infection was high among women in age group < 25.Among five isolated species C. albicans and C. krusei were the most frequent species. The pregnancy and severity of symptoms may increase the risk of VVC. Among five antifungal agents the resistant were found against CTZ, NS, KCZ, MCZ and FCZ while zero resistant to ICZ among those species. The resistant was increased among NAC.
Two-dimensional oxygen crystal with a honeycomb lattice on an ultraflat Cu(111)
Authors: Kim Jungdae , Jeong Se–Young , Regmi Binod , Kim Su Jae , Lam Nguyen Huu , Kyung Hee-Chang , Ko Hye-Won , Lee Yousil , Kim Young-Min , Lee Kyung-Jin , Kim Seong-Gon , Duvjir Ganbat
Published: September 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have served as key platforms for exploring novel phenomena and innovative applications, driven by their reduced dimensionality. The existing library of 2D materials includes carbon-based and transition metal-based systems. However, oxygen-based 2D materials are missing. Oxygen, the most abundant element on Earth with a higher electronegativity than carbon, holds the potential to introduce unprecedented functionalities in 2D materials. Here we report the experimental realization of a 2D oxygen crystal with a highly ordered honeycomb structure, termed “oxylene”, formed on an ultraflat Cu(111) surface with exceptional resistance to oxidation. Scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory studies reveal that oxylene consists of oxygen atom clusters occupying both face-centered cubic (fcc) and hexagonal closed-packed (hcp) sites with a 4×4 periodicity on the Cu(111) surface. Furthermore, oxylene exhibits distinct magnetic ordering due to the magnetic octupole moments of oxygen atoms. Symmetry analysis suggests that oxylene exhibits linear responses that are observed in the noncollinear antiferromagnetic Weyl semimetal Mn3Sn. Our discovery of oxylene provides intriguing opportunities for exploiting its unique electric and magnetic properties, as well as harnessing oxygen’s high reactivity in 2D form.
Role of Generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen AI) in Academia: University Teachers’ Perspective within Pakistani Higher Education Context
Authors: Majeed Saima , Khan Afshi Yahya , Munir Maryam , Tariq Noor ul Saba , Rafiq Fatima , Khan Kianaat , Shan Rafi ul
Published: September 2024

Generative AI tools have sparked excitement and concern in academic and educational circles. Numerous studies have explored its potential impact on education. The present qualitative research is an intellectual effort to investigate and highlight the effects of GenAI, presenting possibilities, implications, and concerns associated with its integration into educational systems from Pakistani university teachers' perspectives. With Purposive sampling eight faculty members from public and private universities with at least three years of experience in higher education and have knowledge and practice of Gen AI tools were interviewed. A semi-structured interview guide was developed with previous literature available. Following all the ethical guidelines of data collection, thematic analysis was carried out, three superordinate themes were extracted including the Benefits and opportunities of using Gen AI, the Concerns and Limitations of Gen AI, and Balancing Technology and Creativity. Further eight subordinate themes were also generated depending on different codes and categories. Results indicated that incorporating Gen AI into academic settings can make teaching and learning more effective that allow students to enhance their learning and teachers can make their classroom more engaging and interactive. However, if not used responsibly and ethically, there can be many challenges that lead to hampering cognitive, creative and analytical abilities of students. To create a balance between human and artificial intelligence it is the responsibility of teachers and institutions to develop a thorough and well-versed policy for the use of Gen AI in academia.
Assessing Total Dissolved Oxygen and Electrical Conductivity Using Sentinel-2 Remote Sensing: A Multivariable Approach to Flood Detection in Flood-Prone Urban area Sylhet
Authors: Hridoy MD. Abdullah Al Mamun , Paul Puspendu Biswas
Published: September 2024

Though it has no tides and often floods only during the rainy season, Sylhet is a city that is prone to flooding. This river is contaminated by human meddling, inadequate drainage and drainage systems, discharges from local fish markets, and industrial and home trash. Water quality parameters (WQP) of 27 samples from three different water stations. The data collected at four-month intervals are seasonal changes in water quality during monsoons, winter and summer in 2023-2024. Oriented these results of this total dissolved oxygen (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC). During monsoon, winter and summer season, the coefficients of determination of TDS and EC regression analysis (R2) were 0.7543, 0.7924 and 0.9081 respectively. The TDS and TSS (total soluble solids) parameters of the Sentinel-2 data are displayed with the remote sensing map of the affected areas of the city due to flooding 2022 Estimation of the experimental and predicted values of WQP in the water bodies inhibit l toxicological deep water from fishing areas. . Investigations revealed that the desired areas were toxic to the water and provided for the cultivation of fish in the cage system before use. Therefore, this research aims to establish conservation measures with a proper monitoring of water quality to maintain the health and livelihood that people depend on.
Sentiment Analysis of Solar Energy in U.S. Cities: A 10-Year Analysis Using Transformer-Based Deep Learning
Authors: Kim Serena , Soderman Crystal , Sang Lan
Published: September 2024

This study examines U.S. public sentiment toward solar energy from 2013 to 2022, analyzing 8 million social media posts using RoBERTa, a transformer-based deep learning algorithm. Sentiment has generally been positive but has declined since 2016 due to increasing negativity. Significant regional and state differences exist, with these disparities deepening over the decade, suggesting growing polarization in views toward solar energy. Negative sentiment is more pronounced in Republican-leaning and Southern U.S. regions. A two-way fixed-effects panel analysis at the municipality level shows positive sentiment in areas with high solar radiation and a large remote-working population, while negative sentiment is more common in regions with high wind speeds and significant multifamily housing. These findings underscore the complex interactions among environmental, socioeconomic, political, and technological factors, highlighting the need for tailored strategies to address regional and demographic disparities in solar energy sentiment. The computational approach developed and tested in this study, which leverages natural language processing and geospatial analysis of social media data, offers broader applicability and provides a scalable framework for analyzing sentiment across various regions and topics beyond the specific context of solar energy in the United States.
Design, Characterization and In-Vitro Evaluation of Bosutinib Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors: Nagaiah Baddela , Nirmala S.
Published: September 2024

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are sub-micron colloidal carriers having a size range of 50–1000 nm. These are prepared with physiological lipid and dispersed in water or aqueous surfactant solution. Bosutinib (BST) is a BCS Class II drug having very low solubility and high permeability. Low aqueous solubility and poor dissolution of BST leads to poor bioavailability, Thus, limited aqueous solubility is the bottleneck for the therapeutic outcome of BST. Animal data suggests that the absolute bioavailability of BST is about 14 to 34% due to an extensive first-pass effect. To overcome hepatic first-pass metabolism and to enhance oral bioavailability, lipid–based drug delivery systems like solid lipid nanoparticles can be used. These systems enhance the lymphatic transport of the lipophilic drugs and therefore increase the bioavailability. Bosutinib can be conveniently loaded into solid lipid nanoparticles to improve the oral bioavailability by exploiting the intestinal lymphatic transport. The objective of this present investigation is enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of the drug Bosutinib by incorporating with different lipids such as dynasan 114, 116 and 118 by exploiting the intestinal lymphatic transport. The Bosutinib loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (BST-SLN) were prepared by hot homogenization followed by ultra-sonication method. The prepared SLN’s were characterized for particle size, PDI, Zeta potential, EE, Total drug content and in vitro release study and its kinetic models.
Effect of breakthrough infection on the spread of COVID-19 evaluated by a flexible compartment model
Authors: Ohmori Hiroo
Published: September 2024

Vaccination causes not only a decrease in the number of susceptible individuals in the community but also an increase in the number of individuals who are resistant to COVID-19 infection, causing a marked decrease in the total number of infected individuals. Additionally, when vaccination is continued until the day when the sum of the number of recovered individuals and the number of vaccinated individuals exceeds an ‘expedient herd immunity threshold’, the total number of infected individuals is significantly reduced, with a considerably shortened duration of infection. However, vaccine-induced immunity in vaccinated individuals decreases gradually, and when it decreases to below a certain threshold several weeks after vaccination, vaccinated individuals realistically get back to susceptible individuals, and breakthrough infection can occur. The number of susceptible individuals is affected not only by the change in the number of infected individuals but also by the change in the number of vaccinated individuals and, additionally, by the change in the number of individuals who get back to susceptible individuals from vaccinated individuals. As a result, the process of the spread of COVID-19 is complicated. Using a flexible compartment model specific to COVID-19, changes in the number of individuals infected with breakthrough infection were calculated. The model includes the vaccination rate and duration of vaccine-induced immunity, which indicates the validity period of the effectiveness of vaccine-induced immunity, and the ‘back to rate’, which indicates the ratio of the number of individuals who get back to susceptible individuals from vaccinated individuals as independent variables in the calculation equations. Changes in the number of infected individuals were examined in relation to the duration of vaccine-induced immunity and to the duration of mass vaccination to avoid the occurrence of breakthrough infection. The results revealed that when mass vaccination was continued until the day, which was determined by the duration of vaccine-induced immunity, the vaccination rate and the start date of vaccination, breakthrough infection did not occur. However, when mass vaccination ended before that day, breakthrough infection occurred several weeks after the end of the mass vaccination program. The occurrence of breakthrough infection caused not only ‘breakthrough infections’, which indicate that infections occurred in susceptible individuals who had got back from recovered individuals but also ‘normal infections’, which indicate that infections occurred in the ‘original’ susceptible individuals, with a severe increase in the number of infected individuals together with a markedly long duration of infection. However, even if breakthrough infections occur, if the second mass vaccination is performed immediately after the occurrence of breakthrough infection, outbreaks of infections, including breakthrough infections and normal infections, will be controlled.
Tratamento de Mediastinite e Angina de Ludwig: Relato de Caso
Authors: Murai Melissa Koto , Faco Eduardo Francisco de Souza , Oliveira Luana Ferreira , Magro Filho Osvaldo , Garcia-Júnior Idelmo Rangel , Sato Fábio Ricardo Loureiro
Published: September 2024

Angina de Ludwig é um grave processo infeccioso majoritariamente odontogênico, de rápida evolução, que acomete os espaços submandibulares, sublinguais e submentonianos bilaterais, podendo evoluir para uma complicação conhecida como mediastinite, uma patologia com altas taxas de mortalidade, mais prevalente em homens. Para a terapêutica de infecções graves é importante drenagem da coleção purulenta, remoção do foco infeccioso e administração de antibioticoterapia. O objetivo é relatar um caso de Angina de Ludwig com evolução para mediastinite de um paciente do sexo masculino, 42 anos, avaliado pela equipe de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco Maxilofacial FOA-UNESP em pronto-socorro hospitalar com história de tratamento odontológico no elemento 38 há três dias. O paciente foi submetido a abordagem cirúrgica para drenagem, remoção do elemento 38 e instalação de drenos de penrose sob anestesia geral. Após dois dias, o paciente evoluiu com dor torácica e queda de saturação. Foi constatado, após avaliação da tomografia de tórax em conjunto com clínica médica e equipe da cirurgia torácica, evolução para mediastinite, necessitando de drenagem torácica em centro-cirúrgico. Manteve-se o acompanhamento multidisciplinar até a completa resolução do quadro do paciente. Sendo assim, as infecções odontogênicas e demais focos infecciosos da região cervical devem ser minuciosamente conduzidos e acompanhados, e em casos de complicações é importante considerar abordagem interdisciplinar.
Promoção da educação alimentar e nutricional através de oficinas de boas práticas em alimentação para adolescentes da rede pública de ensino
Authors: SILVA Maria Eduarda Raielly da , FRANÇA Amanda Caroline Bandeira , CHAVES Bianca Mickaela Santos , SILVA Elane Natielly da Conceição , ARAÚJO Nauale Lopes de , CARVALHO Cecília Maria Resende Gonçalves de , CAMPOS Clelia de Moura Fé
Published: September 2024

As ações de educação alimentar e nutricional objetiva contribuir para a promoção da saúde, por meio do incentivo de uma alimentação adequada e saudável. Este artigo refere-se à realização de oficinas de boas práticas em alimentação em uma escola pública de Teresina, Piauí, em 2022. Ministrado por graduandos de Nutrição da Universidade Federal do Piauí, o curso abordou temáticas como alimentação saudável, boas práticas em alimentação para adolescentes, desperdício alimentar e áreas de atuação do nutricionista. Destacam-se as atividades lúdicas como facilitadoras do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. As abordagensproporcionaram aos alunos não apenas informações teóricas, mas também experiências práticas. Evidencia-se a importância dessas iniciativas na promoção de hábitos saudáveis e na disseminação de conhecimentos nutricionais. Em suma, o curso atingiu seus objetivos educacionais e evidenciou o impacto positivo de métodos interativos na educação alimentar e nutricional.
Evaluation of biopsychosocial model for pain management in postoral cancer therapy patients
Authors: Patil K. , Kaggare Puttaraju M. K. , Solayappan E.
Published: September 2024

Background. Approximately 50 % of cancer patients have pain in their daily lives, which is multifaceted sensation goes beyond basic biochemical signal of pain. Oral mucositis is one of the negative consequences with intense pain, discomfort, challenges in speaking and eating. These components collectively influence patient's total quality of life across mental, biological, social aspects. Biopsychosocial model (BPS) is an effective technique for understanding and addressing conceptualization and treatment of pain in cancer patients. The aim of this study is to assess efficacy of the BPS in managing post-cancer distress and potential to improve quality of life for individuals with cancer. Material and Methods. This study evaluated 30 cancer patients who completed radiotherapy and were referred from cancer hospital. The examination encompasses three distinct categories: biological, psychological, and social components. The biological aspect was documented based on mucosal lesions and VAS scores for individuals; followed by photo-biomodulation was given. Palliative care was provided in psychological aspect through implementation of exercise, meditation, music therapy. The social component encompasses community engagement, social activities, counseling services for family members. Patients were categorized into 3 groups – A, B, C. All three components were carefully evaluated and one-month follow-up was done. Results. The outcome derived from statistical analysis of the data collected from groups A, B, and C. When group A was compared to group B, there was 46 % increase in quality of life. When group C was compared to group A, 65 % of patients exhibited favorable quality of life. The average VAS score of patients decreased from 9.2 to 4.5 after Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), demonstrating gradual decrease in discomfort. P value showed statistically significant (<0.05). Conclusion. Healthcare providers can enhance their treatment efficiency, addressing root cause of illness, and enhance overall well-being by incorporating BPS into their practice. Addressing the various elements of biological, psychological, and social factors would have beneficial effect on overall quality of life.
Immunohistochemical parameters of serous ovarian carcinomas and possible mechanism of development of resistance to platinum-based drugs
Authors: Zhukova G. V. , Ulyanova E. P. , Menshenina A. P. , Moiseenko T. I. , Zlatnik E. Yu. , Nepomnyashchaya E. M. , Sagakyants A. B. , Verenikina E. V.
Published: September 2024

The aim of the study was to evaluate a prognostic significance of immunohistochemical parameters in serous ovarian carcinomas and their statistical relationships after neoadjuvant treatment to assess the development of tumor resistance to platinum-containing adjuvant polychemotherapy regimens. Material and Methods. An immunohistochemical study of tumor tissue was carried out in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (stage IIIC–IV). The age of the patients ranged from 49–72 years. There were 59 patients who were sensitive and 22 patients who were resistant to platinum-containing adjuvant polychemotherapy. In the tissue of ovarian tumors obtained during surgery after noadjuvant polychemotherapy, we studied immunohistochemical indicators of proliferative activity (Ki67), expression of the DNA excision repair protein ERCC1 and proteins of the ABC transporter family – Pgp and BCRP, as well as statistical relationships between these indicators (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient). Results. After effective neoadjuvant polychemotherapy, more pronounced signs of activity in the processes of proliferation, DNA repair and xenobiotic efflux were noted in serous ovarian carcinomas, which subsequently demonstrated resistance to platinum-containing polychemotherapy regimens compared to tumors that retained platinum sensitivity. Moreover, in 40 % of cases or more, there was a coincidence in the ranges of values of the studied parameters in tumors with different sensitivity to platinum drugs. The expression of transporter proteins greater than 60 % for BCRP and 65 % for Pgp was shown to precede the development of resistance to adjuvant treatment with carboplatin. In the studied groups, differences in the number and significance of statistical relationships between the variables were observed. The most significant differences were noted for the Ki67 – BCRP correlation, which had the opposite direction in groups with different sensitivity to adjuvant treatment with carboplatin. Conclusion. A comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis of highgrade serous ovarian carcinomas after neoadjuvant polychemotherapy, which further demonstrated different sensitivity to platinum-containing adjuvant regimens, was carried out, and the prognostic value of the studied parameters was assessed. The revealed critical levels of Pgp and BCRP expression in tumor tissue may have a prognostic value regarding the effect of adjuvant polychemotherapy. The results of the correlation analysis suggest a relationship between the development of platinum resistance and changes in the nature of the regulatory relationships between proliferative activity and transport processes in tumor tissue.
Cancer incidence and mortality in the Far Eastern Federal District (2013–2022)
Authors: Gordienko V. P.
Published: September 2024

The aim of the study was to assess the territorial patterns in cancer incidence and mortality among the population of the Far Eastern Federal District in the period 2013–2022. Material and Methods. Data from official reports of cancer services (form No 35, No. 7) processed using standard cancer statistics programs were presented. Results. In the east of the country, 31,822 new cancer cases were registered in 2022, which was 1.3 % more than in 2021. The average cancer incidence rate in males was 294.06 ± 5.05 per 100,000 (2020: 296.94 ± 4.66), with a decrease rate of 3.0 %. In females, the equivalent rate increased to 240.96 ± 5.73 per 100,000 (2020: 237.92 ± 6.26 per 100,000) with a rise of 6.3 %. Skin cancer was the most common malignancy (11.6 %) followed by trachea, bronchi, lung (11.5 %), breast (11.3 %) and colon (6.3 %) cancers. The percent of actively detected patients increased to 23.2 % (2013: 14.0 %) as did the index of accumulation of contingents – 7.3 (2013: 5.3). The number of patients with stage I–II cancer increased to 57.0 % (2013: 47.5 %), while the number of stage III-IV cancers decreased to 20.8 % (2013: 24.7 %). The number of morphologic studies (94.1 %) was lower than the average for RF (95.8 %). The proportion of patients registered for five or more years decreased to 57.2 % (RF: 58.2 %). The average cancer mortality rate in men was 174.99 ± 3.10 per 100,000 (2020: 181.76 ± 2.51 per 100,000). The average cancer mortality rate in women was lower than in men, being 91.34 ± 1.20 per 100,000 (2020: 93.71 ± 0.80о per 100,000). Cancers of trachea, bronchi and lung (20.0 %), stomach (8.9 %), colon (7.0 %) and breast (6.6 %) were the leading causes of mortality. Conclusion. The low level of active cancer detection did not significantly change the incidence rates during the study period. A greater volume of preventive measures with improvement of their quality will enable the primary health care system to detect cancer at early stages, form groups being at high risk for cancer development and, consequently, to reduce mortality rates. A prerequisite for improving medical care for cancer patients is the continuous training of professional staff and the use of modern diagnostic and treatment technologies.