bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moulting and growth of mangrove crabs Scylla olivacea (Herbst 1796) with injection of phytoecdysteroids and artificial feed
Authors: Hasnidar  , Tamsil Andi , Kamaruddin
Published: May 2021

Moulting in crabs can be accelerated by adding moulting hormone. Phytoecdysteroids are an active compound found in certain plants, for example amaranthus, that are analogous to the moulting hormone in crustaceans. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of phytoecdysteroid administration through injection and artificial feed on moulting and growth of mud crabs (Scylla olivacea). Mud crabs with carapace width 61–62 mm and weight 50–51 g were reared in individual crab boxes with dimensions 25×20×20 cm. The selected crabs were injected with amaranthus extract at a dose of 1 mL/crab (I), then placed in the crab boxes and kept in a pond. Amaranthus leaves were dried in an oven at 60°C for 24 hours, ground using a hammer mill, and mixed with other feed ingredients. Different doses of amaranthus flour were applied: 0% (control), 10%. 12.5%, 15%, 17.5% and 20%. Moulting and growth data were analysed for a variance. The results showed that the administration of phytoecdysteroids from amaranthus by injection and through artificial feed had no effect on the percentage of mud crabs moulting, survival rate, growth, and feed conversion value. The mud crabs were not able to take full advantage of the artificial feed provided because of the inappropriate size of the feed and the fragile structure that cause wasted and uneaten feed.
Population dynamics of mantis shrimp (Gonodactylus chiragra Fabricius, 1781) in Batukalasi waters, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Warahma Mawaddatan , Nadiarti N , Umar Moh. Tauhid , Nafie Yayu A. La , Priosambodo Dody , Suwarni  , Parawansa Basse Siang
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this research was to determine several population dynamics parameters of a mantis shrimp (Gonodactylus chiragra) population including growth, mortality, exploitation rate, and relative yield per recruit. Mantis shrimp were sampled from the waters around Batukalasi, South Sulawesi Indonesia from 16th June to 21st July 2019. Each specimen was measured, weighed and the sex determined. Growth parameters were estimated using the Von Bertalanffy equation. Natural mortality (M) was estimated using Pauly’s empirical equation. Total mortality (Z) was estimated using the Beverton and Holt equations. Fishing mortality was calculated from the equation Z = F + M. The exploitation level and relative yield per recruit were estimated using the Beverton and Holt equations. These analyses were conducted in the FAO-ICLARM Fish Stock Assessment Tools II (FISAT II) program. The 707 mantis shrimp samples were collected comprised of 245 females and 462 males. The growth rate coefficient was higher in male than female mantis shrimps, while male mantis shrimps reached their asymptotic length faster than females. For both male and female mantis shrimps, the estimated natural mortality was higher than fishing mortality, indicating the stock is not over-exploited. The relative yield per recruit was below the optimum value for both female and male mantis shrimp (0.035 and 0.046, respectively).
Use of bioassay CG (Colour Graduation) to determine density of Skeletonema sp. at hatchery
Authors: Badraeni  , Trijuno Dody Dharmawan , Eriswandi Irvan
Published: May 2021

The natural food that is often used in hatcheries is Skeletonema sp. Phytoplankton provision of Skeletonema sp. on fish larvae or seeds carried out in hatcheries tend to be based on estimates and experiences while in the field. This study aims to obtain indicators that can be used in estimating the range of cell density of Skeletonema sp. just by looking at the Bioassay CG (Colour Graduation) kit. This research was conducted at the CV. Puncak Sinunggal, Barru Regency. In this study, researchers use a black CG Bioassay prototype in the form of a box equipped with LED lights, batteries, a colour indicator paper kit, 150 mL glass beaker, and a power button. Samples were observed in the exponential phase or 24 hours after the inoculation was diluted by adding culture media to obtain several different colour gradations. The dilution carried out is mixing between samples with culture media with each ratio, beaker glass (BG)1 (10: 0); BG 2 (9: 1); BG 3 (8: 2); BG 4 (7: 3); BG 5 (6: 4); BG 6 (5: 5); BG 7 (4: 6); BG 8 (3: 7); BG 9 (2: 8) and BG 10 (1: 9). Each treatment was carried out three replications and assisted by 9 panelists. The results showed 10 different colour Skeletonema sp. cell density increases with colour change, where the lowest range is in the S10 colour with density 38-75×104 cells.mL-1 and the highest in S1 colour with a density of 612-740×104 cells.mL-1.
Vulnerability analysis of pelagic and demersal fisheries in the Indian Ocean, Fisheries Management Area 572, Indonesia
Authors: Wardani Firdha Iresta , Nadiarti N , Nelwan Alfa FP , Jamal Muhammad
Published: May 2021

Indonesian Fisheries Management Area (FMA) 572 situated in the Indian Ocean, includes the coastal waters of Bengkulu City, has great potential in terms of pelagic and demersal fisheries. However, the exploitation of these fisheries resources has been intensified due to the growing demand for human consumption. Unfortunately, information related to the susceptibility and productivity of fisheries resources in this area is still negligible. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of vulnerability to potential fishery impacts of several pelagic and demersal fisheries in FMA 572. The study was conducted in Bengkulu City from July to December 2019. Analysis of the productivity and susceptibility level of the fisheries used several productivity and susceptibility parameters through the Productivity and Susceptibility Analysis (PSA) method. The results of the study revealed that the vulnerability level of yellow stripe scad (Selaroides leptolepis) was higher than that of other target fishes. However, in general, the vulnerability of pelagic and demersal fisheries to potential overfishing in FMA 572 was still low.
Catch comparison of sweeping trammel nets (ciker net) with different towing paths
Authors: Wassahua Z , Martasuganda S , Baskoro M S , Sondita M F A
Published: May 2021

The sweeping trammel net (ciker net) is operated by lowering the net in a straight line and then pulling the last end of the net with a ship moving in a full circle where the other end functions as a circular axis (M1 method). An alternative way is for the net to be lowered and then towed by the fishing vessel along two opposing semicircular paths (M2 method). The success of fishermen using this net is determined by the swept area. Therefore, the catch for each net section can vary when using the M1 method but is relatively similar in the M2 method. This study compared the catch per net section from the same sweep axis operated with different towing line paths. The experimental fishing was carried out using 1 ciker net unit consisting of 6 pieces. The catch produced by the two operating methods was significantly different as indicated by t = -3.7852, df = 5, α = 0.05, and p-value = 0.01282. The average catch per section (n = 3) was 21 individuals for M1 operation and 47 individuals for M2 operation. The M1 method produced less catch than the M2 method.
Relationship between purse seine dimensions and catch volume in Sikka Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Najamuddin  , Musbir  , Pale Christofel Oktavianus Nobel
Published: May 2021

The purse seine is a very productive fishing gear for small pelagic fishes. For purse seines that are actively operated during the day-time, the dimensions of the purse seine are expected to be closely related to the number of fish caught. Field conditions indicate that fishermen use purse seines of varying dimensions. In this context, research is needed. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between purse seine dimensions and the volume of fish caught. This research was conducted in the waters of Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia from November to December 2019. The parameters observed included purse seine dimensions, vessel speed and the volume of fish captured per trip. The results showed that purse seine dimensions had a very weak positive correlation (r = 0.088) with catch volume. This shows that the relationship between purse seine dimensions and the volume of fish caught is very weak. Most likely the differences in catch volume were caused by other factors. This is in contrast with other studies showing a significant relationship between the dimensions of the purse seine and the volume of fish caught. In the research location the fishing ground was heavily used, so that the fishing vessels were operating relatively close to one another. This may have created conditions where the net dimensions played a lesser role in increasing the volume of fish caught. In order to avoid one purse seiner being affected by the activities of another purse seiner, it would be necessary to expand the fishing ground or reduce the number of purse seiners operating in that particular fishing ground.
Assessment of Lobster Fisheries and Sustainable Management Strategies: A Case Study of EAFM in Central Lombok – Indonesia
Authors: Hilyana Sitti , Buhari Nurliah , Gigentika Soraya , Amir Sadikin , Waspodo Saptono , Himawan Mahardika R. , Jefri Edwin
Published: May 2021

The exploitation of lobster resources in the waters of the Central Lombok Regency, Indonesia is not effectively managed, causing problems in terms of resource availability and sustainability of lobster fishing operations. This study aimed to assess the status of lobster fisheries management and policy strategies for sustainable lobster fisheries management. Data were collected in three lobster fishing centres: Teluk Awang, Teluk Bumbang and Teluk Gerupuk. Methods used were a structured interview technique with questionnaires, focus group discussions (FGDs) and public consultation. The status of the lobster fishery was analysed using the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) indicators with six Domains. The lobster fishery management status was classified as “moderate” (aggregate score 50/100). The Fisheries Resources Domain scored 35, indicating that lobster stocks are in “poor” condition. Four dimensions had a “moderate” status: the Fisheries Technology Dimension (43), the Economic Dimension (48), the Social Dimension (53), and the institutional dimension (55). The Habitat and Ecosystem Dimensions was classified as “good” (67). Sustainable lobster fisheries management strategies include regulating fishing quotas, banning gears which catch lobster seed, and optimizing the use of selective fishing gear; establishing a working group for lobster management; managing water quality and zonation of lobster habitat; transfer of lobster farming techniques; and empowering community coastwatch groups.
Study on microbiological quality of marlin fish balls from several markets in Tanggamus, Lampung
Authors: Ratrinia Putri Wening , Hasibuan Nirmala Efri , Zein Devy Sari Aprilia
Published: May 2021

The fisheries processing industry in Tanggamus, Lampung, Indonesia is one of the sectors with potential for development. Fishery processing businesses, particularly small and medium enterprises (SMEs) producing marlin fish balls are still commonly found in Tanggamus District; however marlin fish ball producers still do not pay attention to the microbiological quality of the products. This study aimed to obtain data on total plate count (TPC), coliform and Salmonella bacteria in marlin fish balls in several Tanggamus District markets. This study used a simple random sampling method in three markets: Kota Agung Timur market, Madang market, and Wonosobo market. The fish ball samples were tested for TPC, coliform bacteria, and Salmonella. Fish balls from the Madang market had the highest TPC (8.64 ×105 CFU/g), and those from Wonosobo market the lowest (1.05 ×105 CFU/g). In addition, for fish ball samples from Kota Agung Timur market and Wonosobo market the coliform test results were <1100 APM/g. Salmonella tests on fish balls from the three markets were negative. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that the microbiological quality of the marlin fish balls sold in the three markets did not meet SNI standards, presumably because they did not implement a good sanitation system during the production, distribution and sales processes.
Transmission of Desulfovibrio salexigens DSM2638 bacteria in Pachyseris involuta-infection rate and changes in coral morphology at different temperatures
Authors: Rahmi  , Jompa Jamaluddin , Tahir Akbar
Published: May 2021

Desulfovibrio salexigens is one of the bacteria that infect corals with black band disease (BBD). These bacteria develop fast and cause damage to corals. Therefore, there is a monitor disease transmissinon, especially BBD, in healthy corals to determine the extent to which pathogens can infect coral tissue and the impact of these bacteria on infected coral populations. This study was conducted at the Marine Station Laboratory on Barrang Lompo Island, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Bacteria were cultured in the Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University. Corals were acclimatised in controlled containers, followed by transmission tests using aquaria (24 units, 45cm×30 cm ×30 cm) filled with 15 litres of sterile seawater. A multifactorial approach was used with treatments comprising different incubation temperature (29°C and 31°C) and different bacterial concentration in the maintenance media (102, 104, and 106 UNIT), as well as the interaction between the effects of temperature and bacterial concentration. Trial parameters were observed every day at intervals of 5 hours. Changes in the appearance diameter of corals infected with pathogenic bacteria were analysed descriptively using underwater photography (Nikon Collfix P7100 camera) and the corals were measured with callipers (precision 0.1 mm). The study concluded that the infection rate of the bacterium D. salexigens strain DSM 2638 in Pachyseris involuta was higher at 31°C-29°C. There was no interaction between the effects of temperature and bacterial concentration on the infection rate of infected coral fragments. Bacterial attack was more severe on Pachyseris involuta fragments maintained at 31°C than at 29°C.
Occurrence of microplastic particles in Milkfish (Chanos chanos) from brackishwater ponds in Bonto Manai Village, Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Amelinda C , Werorilangi S , Burhanuddin A I , Tahir A
Published: May 2021

Pangkep Regency in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, is a milkfish producing region from which milkfish are distributed to fish markets or other regions. The location of the brackishwater ponds which are close to the sea and human settlements could allow microplastics as suspended particles to enter the milkfish gut. This study aimed to observe the number, shape, and color of microplastics in the guts of milkfish (Chanos chanos) from ponds in Bonto Manai Village, Pangkep Regency, and to analyze the relationship between the microplastics found and the hepatosomatic index (HSI). Milkfish samples were collected randomly from one brackishwater pond. Visual identification of the microplastics present in milkfish guts was carried out under a stereomicroscope. The results show that 46 out of 50 (92%) of milkfish sampled had microplastics in their digestive tracts. The average number of microplastics in Chanos chanos milkfish guts was 3.5 items/fish. The microplastic shape was dominated by line (92%) and blue (40%) was the most prevalent color. There was no correlation between the mean number of microplastics in milkfish guts and the mean hepatosomatic index (HSI); however, increasing value of HSI with the increase in number of microplastics found in the gut might indicate a reduction in the health condition of the fish.
Abundance and spatial distribution of marine debris on the beach of Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: Faizal A. , Werorilangi S , Samad W , Lanuru M , Dalimunte W S , Yahya A
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to map the spatial distribution of marine debris abundance in the beach area of Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. This research was conducted during the east monsoon in August-September 2019 and July-August 2020. The data were collected from the beach of Takalar at 2 stations; station 1 in Punaga River Estuary and station 2 in Laikang Bay, with 3 replications per station. Sampling was carried out using the transect method, the length of the transect line is 100 meters parallel to the coastline. Samples were collected within the criteria of macro size (> 2.5 cm - 1 m) and meso size (> 5 mm - 2.5 cm). The results showed that the average total abundance of marine debris in the macro size category was 0.036 items/m2 and in the meso size was 0.0012 items/m2; while the average weight abundance of macro and meso marine debris respectively were 0.36 g/m2 and 0.0013 g/m2. The spatial distribution showed that the greatest abundance of macro and meso waste was found at station 2 or around Laikang Bay. The semi-enclosed water in Laikang Bay is linked to the high accumulation of debris in the location.
Microplastic concentration in column seawater compartment in Burau, Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Kama Nur Asmi , Rahim Sri Wahyuni , Yaqin Khusnul
Published: May 2021

Microplastics are very persistent particle and found to float in the waters due to it’s low density. Anthropogenic activities greatly affect the presence and contamination of microplastics in waters, including Burau Seawater, Luwu Timur Regency, South Sulawesi. This study aims to analyze the composition and concentration of microplastics in the water column of Burau Sea, Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi. The station was determined based on the purposive sampling method. Sampling was performed by using a neuston net. There were four stations for collecting microplastic samples. Laboratory analysis was carried out by mixing the sample with 30% H2O2 and left at room temperature for 24 hours. Sample water was filtered by membranouse filter paper. Identification of microplastics using a stereo microscope with a 40× magnification. The results showed there were 810 items of microplastics in the form of fragments, films, fibers and granules with the dominant form of microplastics is fragment. The microplastic colors found were transparent, blue, red, white, green, brown and black with the dominant color being transparent. The microplastic sizes found ranged from 0.01 to 5 mm. The most common sizes are 0.1-1 mm. The average concentration of microplastics was 56.2 items/m3. There is no significant difference in the concentration of microplastics between stations (P value >0.05), which means the distribution of microplastics in the water column at Burau Sea is evenly distributed.
Marine ecotourism development in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Tuwo A , Yunus M , Aprianto R , Tresnati J
Published: May 2021

Ecotourism is a fast growing tourism industry. Ecotourism is superior to other tourism because it can give economic benefits and preserve natural resources. The potential of Indonesian ecotourism, especially South Sulawesi has not been optimally utilized; therefore it is necessary to study its development potential. This study aims to analyze the potential and problems in marine ecotourism development in South Sulawesi. The study was done at Selayar Regency, Takalar Regency, Makassar City, and Pangkep Regency. The area of mangrove, coral reefs and sea grass ecosystem was estimated by using Landsat 7 Image and ArcView program. Other data were collected by using survey, census, interviews, and questionnaire. The parameters observed were coastal ecosystem resources; socio-economic; infrastructure; policy; and micro, small, medium business and co-operative. SWOT analysis was used to analyze the strategic condition; and Analysis Hierarchy Process was used to analyze the interaction between the priorities level. The study revealed that marine ecotourism development problems were low capacity resources management, low local community participation, limited infrastructure availability, weak capacity of local community institutions, and insufficient local community support or contribution. Marine ecotourism development in South Sulawesi should be focused on tools improvement of sustainable use, infrastructure development, socioeconomic strengthening, and consistent policy implementation.
Partial Replacement of Saccharum officinarum Bagasse Ash with Cement in Normal Concrete
Authors: Dhivya S , Manikandan P , Kavitha R , Krishnakumar K
Published: May 2021

This report represents a detailed works on utilization of refined Saccharum officinarum bagasse ash (SOBA) as partially mixed with the cement content for the preparation of normal concrete. This experiment reveals SOBA result on cement replacement material (CRM). The CRM properties of SOBA were used because of its chemical properties, fine grained and availability. Usages of bagasse ash act as a good additive under continuous production of SOBA. Around 1700 Mt of Saccharum officinarum is produced, which gives roughly 30 – 35% bagasse in sugar companies. This experimental works enhances the content of SOBA was utilized from 10%-30% in cement partially. The concrete properties such as workability, compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of concrete using SOBA is done. This shows, replacement of SOBA (6 – 60% content) inhibit the value of fresh concrete in slump test. The compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of 6% SOBA shows a good increase in their comparison with 100% cement concrete mixture.
Mechanical properties of concrete as partial replacement of coarse aggregate by e-waste
Authors: Bharani S , Gulshantaj M N A , Rameshkumar G , Senthilnathan V B
Published: May 2021

At present the demand of coarse mixture is accumulated day by day within the world. Eighty-five to ninetieth of electronic waste is disposed on landfills might drop in setting and affects human health conditions. For the recovery of terribly serious issue within the world to beat this speedy rising drawback is being questioned. The E plastic waste is growing day by day in the IT Industries because it could be a important resource. The service of Electronic waste plastic could be a solution to ecological and biological issues. Because the use of Electronic waste plastic in concrete will reduce the waste and provides a decent strength for the structures and roads. it’ll reduces the lowland value for energy saving. A close experimental study had been administered to study the mechanical properties of typical concrete, by casting the specimen with various percentage of E-waste like 0%, 10%, 15%, 20% and different strength characteristics are conducted in lab.
A Study of Partial Replacement for Cement by Bagasse ASH and Coarse Aggregate
Authors: Kavinkumar V , Priya A K , Saravanakumar R , Venkatraman S
Published: May 2021

The Initiatives are emerging universally to regulate, standardize and improve the quality of by products, remnant and scrap in direction to prevent our atmosphere from pollution. The quality standard clarification for reprocessing the agriculture residue formed after processing the commercial need, the residuals are burned in measured atmosphere. The ashes are further used for additional means. While bagasse are burned in co-generation setup below the measured terms, the sensitive amorphous silica are made because of burning progression.
Comparative Study on Axial Compressive Behaviour of CFST and Externally Wrapped CFRP Columns
Authors: Venkat Raman S , Elavarasan S , Elango K S , Saravanakumar R , Vivek D , Rajeshkumar V , Gokulakrishnan R
Published: May 2021

Concrete column fails by crushing or bucking due to axial load in order to resist failure of confinement, concrete filled steel tubular column (CFST) and carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) wrapping are used. CFST member has its consecutive progression in the construction industries due to its high load carrying capacity upgraded ductile performance, need for form work is minimized and has greater confinement effect. CFRP wrapping provides resistance towards corrosion, light weight exceptional durability, increases strength over confinement. In this work, an experimental investigation between stunt and slender concrete filled steel tubular column is compared with conventional pcc strut and slender column externally wrapped by single and double layer of CFRP. Total of 8 specimen were tested under axial compression. The parameter varied is height (750mm, 1050mm). The diameter of the column is 75mm. M30 grade concrete is cast. End support condition is hinged. For short column slenderness ratio is 40, L/D is assumed to be 10 and for slender column slenderness ratio is 60 and L/D is assumed to be 14. From this study, the influence of slenderness ratio over an effect of confinement is observed. Maximum axial compressive strength of the column is recorded and it is compared with eurocode4, AS/ACI code, IS516:1959 code. The behaviour of column both experimental and analytical results is observed.
Extraction of plant based natural fibers – A mini review
Authors: Mohankumar D , Amarnath V , Bhuvaneswari V , Saran S P , Saravanaraj K , Srinivasa Gogul M , Sridhar S , Kathiresan G , Rajeshkumar L
Published: May 2021

Natural fibers were given a lot of respect over synthetic ones in terms of sustainability. Application of natural fibers is superior to synthetics because they can be achieved cheaply and they have an environmental advantage. The usage time is usually shorter, often being fully or partially recyclable or biodegradable. There are wide varieties of natural fibers which can be reinforced to form composites and used for various applications. Combinatorial, or silicate, substances that can be made of a broad range of properties which is not derived a single resource. The reinforcement of fibers within the matrix becomes easy, only when the fibers are extracted from the plants, hence the extraction process is necessary in fiber reinforcement. There are various methods of fiber extraction, which include mechanical decortications, water retting process and manual extraction method. The extraction of fibers involves the retting process which is followed by the decortication process. From the above various methods, a suitable extraction method is selected based on the parts of the plant from which the fiber is to be extracted. Choice of extraction method governs the characteristics and properties of composites fabricated out of it. This review paper discusses the various methods of extraction and the feasibility of its application for various plants and fibers.
Experimental Investigation on Construction of Masonry wall with Crumb Rubber Concrete Blocks
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Preethi , Joshi Nikhil N , Gokulraj R
Published: May 2021

Waste Management is a challenging task in most developing countries. In India, researches are made to minimize waste generation and also also to reuse or recycle waste in all possible ways. (1) Rubber waste is produced equal to plastic waste in India and contributes 10-12% in total waste generation. Industries manufacturing tyres generate more rubber waste followed by the disposal yards dealing with rubber scarp. (2) Among the building materials concrete has a long life span and therefore Crumb Rubber Concrete(CRC) is proven research for rubber waste management for its flexural property. This paper explains the experimental study made for the construction of a masonry wall using crumb rubber concrete with the replacement of fine aggregate with crumb rubber.(3) The results show that Crumb Rubber Concrete would be the best choice for the construction of non-load bearing structures with 20% replacement of Fine aggregate with crumb rubber.
A Comprehensive Study on Utilization of Waste Materials in Concrete
Authors: Jeevabharathi R , Hari Babu J , Boobalan S C
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, waste materials are becoming issue to the environmental pollution, which is a danger to the climate and the general public. It is imperative to reuse these materials and clear them in an appropriate manner. Waste can be utilized in the infrastructure development by two different ways: reusing and by recycling. The old-style methods for creating materials for construction are from available natural resources. If we continue the same there will be no more resources left, to avoid such cases we are practicing to recycle and reuse the solid waste in an effective manner. Owing to the development of industrial and urban management systems, a greater number of solid wastes are generated which is currently disposing them into the land and this causes various problems to the society and environment. To protect the environment from the threats, lot of efforts are being developed for recycling of variety of solid wastes in order to employ them in the creation of various building materials. In this paper, we have discussed about the recycling potentials of solid waste and possible utilization of waste materials in the construction industry.
Face Mask detection with fine rate
Authors: Suganya R , Arthi S , Kowshika S , Dhivya Lakshmi V
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is causing a worldwide wellbeing emergency so the powerful assurance strategies are wearing a face cover in open territories as per the World Health Organization (WHO). The COVID-19 pandemic constrained governments across the world to force lockdowns to forestall infection transmissions. Reports show that wearing face covers while at work unmistakably decreases the danger of transmission. An effective and financial methodology of utilizing AI to establish a protected climate in an assembling arrangement. A half and half model utilizing profound and old style AI for face cover location will be introduced. A face veil location dataset comprises of with cover and without cover pictures. We will construct a continuous framework to recognize whether the individual on the webcam is wearing a veil or not. After the breakout of the overall pandemic COVID-19, there emerges an extreme need of assurance components, face veil being the essential one. The essential point of the venture is to distinguish the presence of a face veil on human appearances on live web based video just as on pictures. We have utilized profound figuring out how to build up our face identifier model.
Evaluating the Efficiency of some Wastewater Treatment Plants in Najaf Governorate
Authors: Naji Rana Hassan , Khudair Al-Obaidi Basim H. , Salman Mohammed Sadeq
Published: May 2021

Although there are many wastewater treatment plants, we still suffer from many problems resulting from a lack of experience or technical operating problems. In this research, the service’s efficiency is evaluated according to the design laws required for small factories in the province of Najaf, which works with filtering technology through point filtration, the old project in the Al-Baraka plant, and the second works. Within the biological treatment mbbr + activated sludge, which is a biomass technology where samples were taken from both plants and annual values of the pollutant rate after treatment in the old Al-Baraka plant project COD 64 mg/L and the demand for biochemical oxygen (79) mg/L, the total suspended matter TSS 60 mg / L, PO4 phosphate 2.67 mg / L, NH3 11.46 mg / L, while Turbo 4 BIO results were as follows: 15 mg / L and 28, 83 mg / L, 2.6 mg / L and 6.173 mg / L each who are they. BOD, COD, TSS, PO4, and NH3 respectively, the results were the removal efficiency of the old brake project as follows: BOD 78%, COD 60%, TSS 60, PO4 63% compared to the Bio-Shaft project, the removal is done as follows: BOD8 9%, TSS, COD 60% PO4 60%, NH3 53%. Through the previous results, we conclude that the outputs of both stations are within the standards and permissible limits of the Iraqi specifications, but the Turbo 4Bio plant showed higher efficiency in terms of removal, and the reason may be that the old project needs periodic maintenance.
Aerial Surveillance using Remotely Operated Drone with 3D Printed Frame
Authors: Leninpugalhanthi P , Vasanth K , Richins Larvin R C , Surendhar C , Ramanathan S , Senthilkumar R
Published: May 2021

To ensure security among the people, a remotely operated vehicle is employed which provides a live image feed to the operator. The drone’s frame is developed using 3D printing technology. Thus reduces the cost of the drone. Radio control transmitter and receiver play a major role in controlling the drone. The Camera and video transmitter is employed to provide a live image feed to the user for monitoring and other applications.
PLA based Bio Composite reinforced with natural fibers – Review
Authors: Felix Sahayaraj A , Muthukrishnan M , Prem Kumar R , Ramesh M , Kannan M
Published: May 2021

Now-a-days the production of polymers reinforced with natural fiber has rapid growth, the reason behind this growth is the properties and performance of the natural plant fiber reinforced composites are superior to conventional polymers derived from petroleum. Due to its biodegradability nature researchers and industries shows tremendous interest in the field of poly lactic acid (PLA) based biopolymers. Even though due to its Brittle nature and high production cost, restrict their use in a broad various application. For those reasons material scientists carried out various researches to enhance the properties of PLA by reinforcing with different materials. Various researches show that reinforcing with biodegradable products to make cost effective product and reducing the brittle nature of PLA by making bio composite. When compare to synthetic fibers have less expensive, high strength to weight ratio, ease to handle. Even though it has some disadvantages such as water absorbance and hydrophobicity problem. It is also mandatory that changing the surface behavior for even stress distribution between fiber and matrix.
Design of Bus Depot Terminal Element Consideration for Safe and Effective Infrastructure
Authors: Rajeshkumar V. , Logeswaran S. , Selvaraj R. , Abishek  , Dharshini Devi , Aravind  , Dhivakar
Published: May 2021

Bus transport in India is the main mode of transport in the 21st century for both intercity and interstate services. NUTP (National Urban Transport Policy) 2006 focussed the development of bus transport in Indian cities. They developed JNNURM policy for improving intercity bus services. Large part of bus transport is catered by private sector in 2020 than government sector in India. Without improving the level of service in depot areas, the bus accessibility and operational efficiency cannot be achieved. In order to improve the LOS certain strategy has to be followed in depot elements such as depot infrastructure improvement, planning guidelines for platform infrastructure, and design elements for achieving the increased LOS. This paper explains the standards for individual element in Bus depot to be followed for effective utilisation and functioning of facilities provided. The specific guidelines, standards and toolkits are the most effective format for capacity building in an organisation. It also facilitates low cost with rapid sharing of knowledge and experience. Additionally, no stake holder requirement is overlooked and ensures the minimum standards of development.
Experimental Study on PCC Beams Strengthened With External Wrapping of Basalt Fibre Reinforced Polymer (BFRP)
Authors: Venkat Raman S , Bala Murugan S , Javith Abdul Rahim S , Jaya Prakash S , Dinesh Kumar S
Published: May 2021

Infrastructure plays a vital role in development for recent times and humiliation of structural materials that is caused by some environmental effects has to be protected by strengthening of structures. One of the finest challenges in Civil Engineering is strengthening and rehabilitation of existing structures. There are various rehabilitation technique such as external wrapping of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) have been developed. At initial period, strengthening has been done externally using steel plates bonded to the tension side and it has numerous difficulties including durability, manipulation, and heavy weight. The main aim of the study is to investigate the flexural behavior of the PCC beam with respect to orientation of the wrapped basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP). A sequence of 12 PCC beams with 500mm as its length, 100mm as its width and 100mm as its depth are cast with M25 grade concrete. All the 12 specimens are cured for a period of 28 days. Of the 12 PCC beams two beams are control specimens and a comparative study on the orientation of the fiber such as wrapped tension zone, shear zone, U shaped-1, U shaped-2, and fully wrapped are used on the specimen. The fiber is to be wrapped according to the orientation of the beam with epoxy resin. The experimental results shows that PCC beam that is wrapped as U shaped – 2 Shows higher Flexural strength compared to all other fabric orientations. BFRP Fully wrapped beam gives minimum Load carrying capacity when compare with other fabrics. U shaped – 2 orientation has higher load carrying capacity and economical as compared to fully wrapped and all other modes of orientations.
Rectangular and Square Cross-Sections Microchannel Heat Sink CFD Simulation and Analytical Validation Using Liquid Water & Water-Aluminium Oxide Nanofluid as a Cooling Medium
Authors: Pawar Saurabh Narayan , Makam Jugal Shrinivas , Totla Nilesh Balkishanji
Published: May 2021

In this study, cooling performance of copper material based microchannel heat sink was investigated using two different approaches which are CFD and Analytical. Microchannel heat sink with two different cross-sectional geometries of rectangular and square was considered for the present study. In the present work CFD simulation is carried out using two different cooling fluids which are liquid water and water-Al2O3 nanofluid. Nanofluid volume fraction of 0.3% was used for present study. Re number in between 200-1000 was used for the present study. For CFD simulation purpose heat sink of dimension of 25.4mm × 25.4mm × 2.384mm is considered in the study. Boundary condition of constant heat flux is assumed by providing heat flux at constant rate at bottom of the assembly. To compare between square and rectangular cross section microchannel heat sink, the hydraulic diameter is kept same in both the cases and CFD simulation was conducted. With using water-Al2O3 nanofluid as the working fluid the rectangular cross section is showing better performance in terms of cooling as compare to the square cross section. Drop in pressure results in rectangular section calculated using water Al2O3 nanofluid using both CFD and Analytical approach are in good agreement with difference of 13.4%
Review on potential antiviral and immunomodulatory properties of Piper Longum
Authors: Subramaniam Kanmani , Subramanian Selva Kumar , Bhargav Sushma , Parameswari R , Praveena R , Ravikumar R , Yuvaraj Elangovan , Manoj Kumar V
Published: May 2021

Piper longum traditionally known as Pippali is a climbing vine belonging to the Piperaceae family, which originated in northeastern India and the Western Ghats. It is majorly used in traditional and Ayurvedic system of medicines to treat bronchitis, diarrhea, viral hepatitis, respiratory infections, stomach pain, bronchitis, spleen diseases, coughs, colds and tumors. Articles indexed by Scopus, electronic search as Science Direct, PubMed, are used to collect information about Piper longum. There are many phytochemicals in Pippali, including alkaloids, essential oils, flavonoids and steroids. The pharmacological properties reveal the anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, adulticidal, anti-obesity, anti-fungal, antipyretic and cardio protective effects of the plant. Pipili also has many antiviral activities, and helps to improve the immune system and effectively resist hepatitis B virus. This plant seems to be non-toxic, easy to obtain, inexpensive, and has no side effects. Although there are infinite traces for its medicinal use, however its use in treating viral influenza like diseases is not yet much explored. However, it has strong potential to treat symptoms such as cough, cold and fever. In the wake of the current situation of the global corona virus, it has become essential to look for alternatives that would be effective against the virus as well as provide the additional immunity boosting ability. Therefore, effective experimentation and investigations are essential to consider its competence. Researchers must study the plant in details for its huge potentialities.
Irrigation of Water by Automatic Sprinkler System
Authors: Nelson R , Sankar U , Ramanathan E G , Sankar Prasanth V , Sherwin Daniel A
Published: May 2021

In all agricultural seasons, an automatic irrigation system has been designed to facilitate the automated provide of adequate water from a reservoir to field or domestic crops. One of the goals of this research is to determine how human control can be removed from irrigation while also optimising water use in the process. The method used is to continuously monitor the soil moisture level in order to determine whether irrigation is required and how much water is required in the soil. Various types of sprinkler irrigation systems were studied in this study, along with their design, construction, and installation. The planning was aided by the use of a rotating system to irrigate a small plot, which provides a suitable scientific basis for correct water scheduling, system evaluation, and minimising water waste and runoff. It was intended for a variety of crops. The significance of the design and installation is to provide the University’s irrigation research Field with irrigation field demonstration practise facilities that can be used.
Study on Uncontrolled Intersection Under Mixed Traffic Condition-A Review
Authors: Naveenraj V , Kulanthaivel P , Dhanasekar K , Aravindh Ram V , Anand G
Published: May 2021

Every people in the world can access the road for the transportation purpose. Several traffic signs and signals are placed in order, to maintain safety for the people. Some places which don’t have the proper signals at the intersection might lead to cause more accidents and that kind of intersection are called as uncontrolled intersection. When several type of vehicles sharing and moves in a same carriage width without any gap between vehicles without any proper lane discipline is known as mixed traffic condition. Due to these accidents many people lose their life and many properties are also damaged. Several studies are being done by many literates about the uncontrolled intersection and it is available in the literature under mixed traffic condition for finding out the causes and some remedial measure were provided in those studies. Some of the study indicates about the Gap acceptance, Conflicts, pedestrian crossing behaviour, occupation time of the vehicle and so on. In this study we are going to discuss about those literatures and to give some remedial measures for the conflicts that occur in the uncontrolled intersection under mixed traffic condition.
Early Modern Literature of Crime and Criminals
Authors: Clark Sandra
Published: May 2021

The literature of crime and criminals in early modern England takes several forms. The main form is the printed pamphlet, typically a short quarto publication of eight to sixteen pages, costing a few pence. Another form is the broadside ballad, usually anonymous, printed on one side of a single sheet and accompanied by an image and an indication of the music to be used. A selection of plays about real-life domestic crime, including the well-known Arden of Faversham, attributed variously in recent years to Shakespeare and Kyd, have also survived. While they are few in number, and less topical than the pamphlets, they have attracted more critical attention than the other forms. The crimes featured in this writing—often involving murder but also including witchcraft, and disproportionally focused on women—were chosen for their sensational value and were in no way representative of the reality of crime in the period. While some pamphlet writers made claims for the truth of their accounts, and rival accounts of the more notable crimes using differing details did appear, the aims and social functions of this writing had less to do with providing information than with reinforcing the authority of the state, its laws, and its Protestant religion. Hence, many accounts of crimes, particularly in the earlier part of the period, are shaped by the need to demonstrate the role of providence in bringing about the discovery of the perpetrators. Crime, conflated with sin, was conceptualized as a moral rather than a social problem; criminals were often regarded as acting under the irresistible compulsion of the devil and once found guilty of a single lapse proceeding inevitably toward actions that damned them to hell. The idea of crime as a secular problem in which social and economic forces had a role to play was beginning to develop and becomes more evident in writing of the later 17th century. Certain crimes emerged as iconic in the period, particularly involving women who killed, and featured in a number of different print forms, for example, the murders by their wives of Arden of Faversham, Page of Plymouth, and George Sanders. The law differentiated by gender in cases of spousal murder; husband-murder was categorized as petty treason, hence punishable by burning at the stake for the wife, while wife-killing (much commoner in actuality but less prominent in literature) was simply homicide. Early modern crime writing largely reflects the structures of power in the society that produced it; evidence of questioning or challenging accepted attitudes toward issues of criminal responsibility does exist, but the era of pioneering journalism was a long way ahead.
Moscow: The Third Rome
Authors: Mayhew Nick
Published: May 2021

In the mid-19th century, three 16th-century Russian sources were published that alluded to Moscow as the “third Rome.” When 19th-century Russian historians discovered these texts, many interpreted them as evidence of an ancient imperial ideology of endless expansion, an ideology that would go on to define Russian foreign policy from the 16th century to the modern day. But what did these 16th-century depictions of Moscow as the third Rome actually have in mind? Did their meaning remain stable or did it change over the course of the early modern period? And how significant were they to early modern Russian imperial ideology more broadly?

Scholars have pointed out that one cannot assume that depictions of Moscow as the third Rome were necessarily meant to be imperial celebrations per se. After all, the Muscovites considered that the first Rome fell for various heretical beliefs, in particular that Christ did not possess a human soul, and the second Rome, Constantinople, fell to the Turks in 1453 precisely because it had accepted some of these heretical “Latin” doctrines. As such, the image of Moscow as the third Rome might have marked a celebration of the city as a new imperial center, but it could also allude to Moscow’s duty to protect the “true” Orthodox faith after the fall—actual and theological—of Rome and Constantinople. As time progressed, however, the nuances of religious polemic once captured by the trope were lost. During the 17th and early 18th centuries, the image of Moscow as the third Rome took on a more unequivocally imperialist tone. Nonetheless, it would be easy to overstate the significance of allusions to Moscow as the third Rome to early modern Russian imperial ideology more broadly. Not only was the trope rare and by no means the only imperial comparison to be found in Muscovite literature, it was also ignored by secular authorities and banned by clerics.