bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery for non-small cell lung cancer in elderly patient: a successful treated case at Viet Duc University Hospital
Authors: Phạm Hữu Lư , Phùng Duy Hồng Sơn
Published: June 2022

Tóm tắt
Ung thư phổi là một trong những nguyên nhân gây tử vong hàng đầu trong dân số trên thế giới cũng như tại Việt Nam. Ung thư phổi ở người cao tuổi chiếm tỷ lệ khoảng 60% trong đó có ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ, nhóm người bệnh này không phải là một chống chỉ định can thiệp ngoại khoa. Hiện nay, phẫu thuật nội soi lồng ngực mà nhất là phẫu thuật nội soi lồng ngực một lỗ là lựa chọn hiệu quả. Điều trị bổ trợ sau mổ ở người cao tuổi cần cân đối giữa điều trị và các biến chứng ngắn hạn cũng như dài hạn của thuốc. Điều trị dựa trên bằng chứng đột biến gen là một lựa chọn tốt cho nhóm người bệnh này. Chúng tôi thông báo trường hợp lâm sàng: Người bệnh nữ 78 tuổi bị ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ giai đoạn IIB đã được điều trị phẫu thuật thành công bằng phẫu thuật nội soi lồng ngực một lỗ tại Bệnh viện Hữu nghị Việt Đức.
Từ khóa: Phẫu thuật nội soi lồng ngực một lỗ, ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ, người bệnh cao tuổi

Abtracts
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world population as well as in Vietnam. Lung cancer in the elderly accounts for about 60% including non-small cell lung cancer, this group of patients is not a contraindication for surgical treatment. Currently, video-assisted thoracic surgery, especially uniportal thoracic surgery is an effective choice. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in the elderly needs to balance between treatment and short-term as well as long-term complications of the drug. Targeted therapy is a good option for this group of patients. We report a clinical case: A 78-year-old female patient with stage IIB non-small cell lung cancer was successfully treated surgically by uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery at Viet Duc University Hospital.
Keyword: Uniportal VATS, non-small cell lung cancer, elderly patient
Reconstruction of upper extremity defect by using Superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) free flap: 03 cases and literature review
Authors: Bùi Mai Anh ,   Thịnh Thái, Trần Ngọc Vân, Tô Tuấn Linh, Vũ Trung Trực
Published: June 2022

Tóm tắt
Phần mềm chi trên ngoài chức năng che phủ còn có yêu cầu về thẩm mỹ như màu sắc, độ dày của vạt. Khuyết hổng chi trên do nhiều nguyên nhân khác nhau luôn là một thách thức cho các phẫu thuật viên tạo hình. Với sự phát triển của các vạt nhánh xuyên da trong những thập kỷ gần đây, vạt SCIP đã được Koshima mô tả lần đầu vào năm 2004 với một nhánh xuyên da xuất phát từ cuống mạch mũ chậu nông với nhiều ưu điểm: vạt mỏng, thời gian bóc vạt nhanh, vạt có thể lấy với kích thước lớn. Trong 03 trường hợp trong nghiên cứu sử dụng vạt SCIP, chúng tôi dùng vạt để tái tạo khuyết hổng chi trên, do, ngoài việc che phủ khuyết hổng phần mềm còn nhằm phục hồi chức năng cho chi thể. Vì vậy, bài báo muốn đánh giá kết quả bước đầu của việc ứng dụng vạt trên 03 người bệnh cũng như nhìn lại y văn về ưu nhược điểm của vạt.
Từ khóa: Khuyết hổng chi trên, vạt mũ chậu nông (SCIP), vạt vi phẫu

Abtracts
The upper limb soft-tissue, in addition to the covering function, also has aesthetic requirements such as the color and thickness of the flap. Upper limb defects due to various causes are always a challenge for plastic surgeons. With the development of perforator branch concept in recent decades, the superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap was first described by Koshima in 2004 with a perforator arising from the superficial iliac pedicle with many advantages: thin, fast harvesting flap time, large size. In 03 cases in the study using SCIP flap, we used the flap to reconstruct the defect of the upper limb, because, in addition to covering the software defect, it also aimed to restore the function of the limb. Therefore, the article wants to evaluate the initial results of the flap application on 03 patients as well as review the literature on the advantages and disadvantages of the flap.
Keywords: Upper limb defect, superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap, free flap
Repeat Spreaders and Election Delegitimization
Authors: Kennedy Ian , Wack Morgan , Beers Andrew , Schafer Joseph S. , Garcia-Camargo Isabella , Spiro Emma S. , Starbird Kate
Published: June 2022

This paper introduces and presents a first analysis of a uniquely curated dataset of misinformation, disinformation, and rumors spreading on Twitter about the 2020 U.S. election. Previous research on misinformation—an umbrella term for false and misleading content—has largely focused either on broad categories, using a finite set of keywords to cover a complex topic, or on a few, focused case studies, with increased precision but limited scope. Our approach, by comparison, leverages real-time reports collected from September through November 2020 to develop a comprehensive dataset of tweets connected to 456 distinct misinformation stories from the 2020 U.S. election (our ElectionMisinfo2020 dataset), 307 of which sowed doubt in the legitimacy of the election. By relying on real-time incidents and streaming data, we generate a curated dataset that not only provides more granularity than a large collection based on a finite number of search terms, but also an improved opportunity for generalization compared to a small set of case studies. Though the emphasis is on misleading content, not all of the tweets linked to a misinformation story are false: some are questions, opinions, corrections, or factual content that nonetheless contributes to misperceptions. Along with a detailed description of the data, this paper provides an analysis of a critical subset of election-delegitimizing misinformation in terms of size, content, temporal diffusion, and partisanship. We label key ideological clusters of accounts within interaction networks, describe common misinformation narratives, and identify those accounts which repeatedly spread misinformation. We document the asymmetry of misinformation spread: accounts associated with support for President Biden shared stories in ElectionMisinfo2020 far less than accounts supporting his opponent. That asymmetry remained among the accounts who were repeatedly influential in the spread of misleading content that sowed doubt in the election: all but two of the top 100 ‘repeat spreader’ accounts were supporters of then-President Trump. These findings support the implementation and enforcement of ‘strike rules’ on social media platforms, directly addressing the outsized role of repeat spreaders.
Agricultural Extension in Egypt: Issues and Options for Improvement
Authors: Shalaby Mohamed Youssef , Baig Mirza Barjees , Al-Shaya Mohamed Shayaa
Published: June 2022

In Egypt, the agriculture sector plays a crucial role in the health of the economy. Agriculture contributes almost 20% towards the GDP and involves about 35% of its workforce. More than 50% of the population lives in the rural areas and, directly or indirectly, their livelihood depends upon the agricultural sector. Despite agriculture's positive and significant contributions to food security and supply, the economy, employment, export earnings, the ecological balance, the sector faces many threats and challenges. Egypt's agricultural extension service can help realize higher yields through sustainable agriculture. Today, extension activities are carried out through a one-way transfer of knowledge, where farmers are considered recipients, not participants. However, an efficient extension service, an effective extension system and dedicated extensionists can help achieve sustainable development. Initiatives to improve the technical knowledge and enhance communication and facilitation skills of extension staff deserve attention. In this article, an effort has been made to identify the constraints faced by the agriculture sector and outline an extension strategy to realize sustainable development.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA NUTRIÇÃO NOS PRIMEIROS MIL DIAS DE VIDA
Authors: Silva Patrícia Cristina Soares da , Teles Vanja Christina de Souza Nunes , Santos Ana Cristina de Castro Pereira
Published: June 2022

A nutrição nos primeiros mil dias de vida é importante para que o recém-nascido tenha um bom crescimento, desenvolvimento dos sistemas nervoso e imunológico. O aleitamento materno é essencial para prevenção de doenças graves, contudo a má alimentação no momento da introdução alimentar até os dois anos da criança, pode trazer riscos de desnutrição, baixo peso, entre outras doenças importantes no decorrer de sua vida enquanto adulto. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo compreender a importância de uma vida saudável e os cuidados da nutrição durante os primeiros anos de vida da criança. A pesquisa foi uma revisão bibliográfica qualitativa de artigos científicos selecionados em bases de dados Pubmed, Scielo e BVS. Buscou-se publicações científicas realizadas entre os anos de 2017 a 2021, considerando também anos anteriores caso tenha relevância histórica ou conceitual. E pode-se observar nos estudos que o nutricionista tem um papel importante de orientar a mãe em prestar os cuidados, uma alimentação adequada, de qualidade para que o recém-nascido chegue à fase adulta com uma vida saudável.
Methods for Estimation of Ionospheric Layer Height Characteristics from Doppler Frequency and Time of Flight Measurements on HF Skywave Signals
Authors: Collins Kristina , Cerwin Steve , Erickson Philip , Joshi Dev , Frissell Nathaniel , Huba Joe
Published: June 2022

Abstract. We demonstrate a methodology to estimate ionospheric virtual layer height characteristics using Doppler measurements from frequency locked time standard stations in conjunction with ionosonde measurements and ray-tracing models. We consider data from three events: the solar eclipse of 21 August 2017, a observations of the dawn terminator on 1 October 2019, and a time-of-flight study conducted 29 January 2020. Observations are consistent with a model in which mode splitting originates from different path length velocities associated with single and multiple hop modes as the virtual layer height changes. Support for this hypothesis comes from the complementary processes of 1) calculating Doppler shifts from virtual layer height changes and virtual layer height changes from Doppler shifts, and 2) the analysis of intermittent low-Doppler shift modes including correlation with ionosonde observations to help identify multihop propagation modes. We find that observations are in good agreement with measured data and simulations. We also find that the use of a precision frequency standard, such as a GPS-disciplined oscillator, at the receiving station is vital for ionospheric height measurements, since small errors in frequency estimation can lead to uncertainties on the order of tens of kilometers in resulting estimations of ionospheric height. The methods discussed herein provide a means to calculate path length estimates from distributed stations when integrated with other ionospheric measurements, helping to address the problem of under-sampling of the bottomside ionosphere.
Relationship between southern hemispheric jet variability and forced response: the role of the stratosphere
Authors: Breul Philipp , Ceppi Paulo , Shepherd Theodore G.
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Climate models show a wide range of southern hemispheric jet responses to greenhouse gas forcing. One approach to constrain the future jet response is by utilising the fluctuation–dissipation theorem (FDT) which links the forced response to internal variability timescales, with the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) the most dominant mode of variability of the southern hemispheric jet. We show that interannual stratospheric variability approximately doubles the SAM timescale during austral summer in both re-analysis data and models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phases 5 (CMIP5) and 6 (CMIP6). Using a simple barotropic model, we demonstrate how the enhanced SAM timescale subsequently leads to an overestimate of the forced jet response based on the FDT, and we introduce a method to correct for the stratospheric influence. This result helps to resolve a previously identified discrepancy between the seasonality of jet response and the internal variability timescale. However, even after accounting for this influence, the SAM timescale cannot explain inter-model differences in the forced jet shift across CMIP models during austral summer.
ОСНОВНІ ОРІЄНТИРИ ВІДМЕЖУВАННЯ КОЛАБОРАЦІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ВІД СУМІЖНИХ СКЛАДІВ КРИМІНАЛЬНИХ ПРАВОПОРУШЕНЬ
Authors: Берднік Інна Володимирівна , Головко Михайло Борисович
Published: June 2022

У статті досліджено основні орієнтири відмежування (розмежування) складів кримінальних правопорушень, передбачених ст. 111-1 КК, від (і) суміжних складів кримінальних правопорушень, передбачених ст.ст. 111, 114, 260, 436, 436-2 КК України. При проведенні відмежування (розмежування) колабораційної діяльності від (і) суміжних кримінальних правопорушень авторами за основу взято такий «алгоритм» кваліфікації кримінальних правопорушень, передбачених ст. 111-1 КК, та їх відмежування (розмежування) від (і) суміжних злочинів: ознаки об’єкта, об’єктивної сторони, суб’єкта та суб’єктивної сторони. При проведенні дослідження автори дійшли висновку, що критеріями розмежування складів кримінальних правопорушень, передбачених ст. 111-1 КК України, між собою та з іншими суміжними кримінальними правопорушеннями слід визнавати ознаки їх складів, пов’язані з об’єктом, діянням, місцем вчинення діяння, обстановкою вчинення кримінальних правопорушень, а також із суб’єктом та суб’єктивною стороною. У першу чергу таке розмежування здійснюється за критеріями, пов’язаними за ознаками об’єктивної сторони та суб’єкта складів зазначених кримінальних правопорушень (ці критерії можна вважати обов’язковими (основними) для розмежування, без використання яких розмежування неможливе). За допомогою цих критеріїв розмежовуються кримінальні правопорушення, передбачені: ч.1 ст. 111-1 КК та ст.ст. 436, 436-2 КК; ст. 111-1 КК та ст. 111 КК; ч. 7 ст. 111-1 КК та ст. 260 КК; ч. 5 ст. 111-1 КК; ч. 3 ст. 111-1 КК та ст. 436 КК. Необов’язковими (додатковими) критеріями розмежування є ознаки об’єкта, предмету кримінальних правопорушень та суб’єктивної сторони. За допомогою цих необов’язкових критеріїв розмежовуються злочини, передбачені: ч. 1 ст. 111-1 КК та ст.ст. 436, 436-2 КК; ч.6 ст. 111-1 КК та ст. 114 КК; ч. 1 ст. 111-1 КК та ч. 6 ст. 111-1 КК; ч. 3 ст. 111-1 КК та ст. 436 КК.
The Effect of Context on the Teaching of Statistics ar First Year University Level
Authors: Clark Megan
Published: June 2022

Clack (1993b) has described how to Victoria University in New Zealand there are two different but essentially equivalent (with respect to level of difficulty and statistical content) first year statistics courses. These courses are: STAT131 Data and Probability- the course recommended for students majoring in mathematics, physics, chemistry, computer science and engineering; and STAT193 Statistics for the Natural and Social Sciences- suggested for those majoring in biological sciences, social sciences and medicine.
Uncovering the Preferences of Highly Qualified Women during Spouse Selection from District Skardu – Gilgit Baltistan Pakistan
Authors: Abbas Eshrat , Ferdoos Amber
Published: June 2022

Selection of a mate to get married is a quite common cultural practice worldwide and the criteria of spouse selection for women are very so often difficult. For the first time in this qualitative study, the preferences of highly qualified women in spouse selection and the influence of background individualities of spouses from Skardu, Gilgit – Baltistan, Pakistan were testified. A total of 15 unmarried but employed women were designated as respondents and data were obtained through purposive sampling from different institutions of Skardu like hospitals, colleges, and banks. An interview guide was used and the obtained data were evaluated thematically. The obtained results were characterized as the top criteria, important criteria, moderately important, and not important criteria for the choice of spouse. Results displayed that majority of women from the area consider higher education level, personal attributes, educational homogamy, financial stability, parental background, and sociability as top criteria before choosing a future spouse. While physical attractiveness and similar cultural/linguistic backgrounds were not deliberated as important measures to accept any proposal. It is therefore concluded that spouse education and some personal attributes are the top preferences of highly qualified women from the Skardu district of Gilgit - Baltistan Pakistan.
Influence of analysis focus and playing time on internal average and peak physical demands of professional male basketball players during competition. [Influencia del tiempo de juego en las demandas de carga interna pico y promedio en jugadores de baloncesto.]
Authors: PérezChao Enrique Alonso , Lorenzo Alberto , Ribas Carlos , Portes Ruben , Leicht Anthony S , Gómez Miguel Angel
Published: June 2022

The main aim of this study was identifying the internal demands during competition including the impact of analysis method (i.e., average vs. peak demands). A secondary aim was to analyze the effects of playing time on the internal demands (average and peak). Methods: Twenty-two professional basketball players were mo- nitored during 11 games. The following internal workload variables were recorded as averages (i.e., value per minute considering the entire game) and peak values (i.e., greatest 1-minute window): 1) average Heart Rate (HR), peak HR, average Respiration Rate (RR), peak RR, average Ventilation (VE), peak VE, average VO2 and peak VO2. Results: Significantly higher peak values (very large effect size) for all internal variables were evident when compared to their average demand. Concerning playing time comparison, significantly greater average values were reached for large playing time group (24.54 ± 3.23 min) for all variables compared to small playing time group (14.13 ± 3.78 min). However, non-significant differences were apparent between large playing time and small playing time group at their internal PD. Conclusions: Understanding internal load demands using averages values drastically underestimates the internal peak values of games. Thus, 14 minutes of total playing time (1.5 quarters; ~37% of a game) is enough to expose to the players to internal peak demands.
Influencia del core en la producción de potencia en ciclistas. [Core influence on the power production in cyclists].
Authors: Galindo-Martínez Alberto , López-Valenciano Alexandro , Vallés-González Juan Miguel , Lopez Elvira José Luis
Published: June 2022

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre la producción de potencia en ciclismo, y variables analíticas de core, como la fuerza, la estabilidad y la cinemática durante el pedaleo. En este estudio participaron 30 ciclistas de tres disciplinas, los cuales realizaron un test de estabilidad sedente, un test de fuerza de extensores y flexores de tronco y un test de potencia en ciclismo, don- de se analizó la cinemática del tronco. Se encontró una mayor estabilidad sedente en los ciclistas de mountain bike, una mayor inclinación anterior torácica en ciclistas de carretera y un mayor rango de inclinación lateral en triatletas. Solo se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre la inclinación anterior torácica y la potencia crítica. En conclusión, tanto la fuerza como la estabilidad de tronco tienen una baja influencia en la producción de potencia, aunque sí existen diferencias entre las dis- tintas disciplinas en las dimensiones del core.
INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON CONSUMER PURCHASING DECISIONS IN DURBAN
Authors:   Durban University of Technology, South Africa, Ntobaki Paballo Patience , Tlapana Tshepo ,   Walter Sisulu University, South Africa, Matli Cleopatra Moipone ,   Durban University of Technology, South Africa
Published: June 2022

This study examined the influence of social media on Durban customers’ purchasing decisions and the extent to which social media influences consumers’ decision-making while buying products. The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether consumers are eager to interact with products on social media platforms to obtain more information about product features, benefits, performance, prices, promotions, and reputation. An exploratory study employing a quantitative research approach was carried out, with questionnaires distributed to 400 Durban consumers over the age of 18 who were regular social media users. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed in this study. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study discovered that social media is a very powerful communication tool that can be used to influence consumers’ purchasing decisions, and consumers stated that the more they knew about a product through social media, the more they desired to buy it, and vice versa. Businesses should incorporate promotional events, contests, and competitions on their social network product pages to enhance awareness, social media platform traffic, and customer engagement.
CRIME AND SPORT PARTICIPATION: AN ECONOMETRIC MODEL WITH SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS APPROACH
Authors:   Razi University, Iran, Khanmoradi Saeed , Zardoshtian Shirin ,   Razi University, Iran, Fatahi Shahram ,   Razi University, Iran, Dickson Geoff ,   Business School, Latrobe University, Australia
Published: June 2022

Sport in all societies’ leads to a return on social capital. Many politicians use sports-based programs to reduce crime in society because sport plays an important role in the social development of societies. On the other hand, crime causes insecurity in the neighborhood, and when people realize their fear of crime, they reduce their social activities, such as sports participation. Therefore, this study determines the interaction effect between crime and sport participation and we test an econometric model with simultaneous equations approach using the two-stage least squares method (2SLS). We used panel data of all provinces of Iran from 2004 – 2017. The results showed that a significant and negative interaction effect exists between crime and sport participation. Also, the number of coaches, sport facilities, and, sport budget have a significant and positive effect on sport participation. Per capita GDP has a significant and negative effect on crime and per capita GDP”×”sport participation has a significant and positive effect on crime. Finally, drugs have a significant and positive effect on crime.
INSTANT REBATE COUPON AND ITS INFLUENCE IN ONLINE CONSUMER PURCHASE INTENT AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN NIGERIA
Authors:   University of Lagos, Nigeria, Dixon-Ogbechi Bolajoko , Ladipo Patrick ,   University of Lagos, Nigeria, Akinbodun Olubukola ,   University of Lagos, Nigeria
Published: June 2022

This study seeks to examine instant rebate coupon influence in online purchase intent with special reference to university students in Nigeria. Instant rebate coupon as a concept in online sales promotion signifies an important improvement in the use of electronic coupon to prevail in the online market place competition, most especially among electronic retailers. This study therefore focuses on four elements of measuring instant rebate coupon being an online sales promotion tool namely: discount depth, attractiveness, perceived risk and hedonic perception on online purchase intention. The use of descriptive research design was employed through a cross – sectional online survey as data collection methods. Two hundred and seventy six (276) respondents were considered for this study. The four research questions asked were answered via the corresponding hypotheses. Data collected for this study were analyzed through the use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that a significant relationship exist between online purchase intention and the elements of instant rebate coupon, in addition the study shows that online shoppers are willing to embrace instant rebate coupon while shopping in online environment. Also, based on this study, It is recommended that electronic retailers should increase the use of instant rebate coupon in their online stores and further studies can be conducted in extending the population of study to different population categories such as housewives, working class, among many others.
INTERACTION EFFECT OF INFORMALITY AND CORRUPTION ON INCOME INEQUALITY IN NIGERIA
Authors:   Osun State University, Nigeria, Isayomi Abiodun Samuel , Akintunde Temitope Sade ,   Osun State University, Nigeria, Ogunleye Akin George ,   Osun State University, Nigeria
Published: June 2022

Engagement in informal economic activities serves as a survival strategy for underprivileged majority in developing economies with high level of corruption. Consequently, this study examined the main and interaction effects of informality and corruption on income inequality in Nigeria from 1996 to 2020 using autoregressive distributed lag-bound testing technique. The study result showed evidence of long-run relationship among informality, corruption and income inequality. The main effects of informality and corruption on income inequality are negative and statistically significant in both the short and long run. However, corruption reduction in a year was found to reduce income inequality in the subsequent year. Furthermore, the interaction effect of informality and corruption on income inequality was found to be negative and statistically significance in both the short run and the long run. Corruption reduction was found to be a necessary but not sufficient condition for reduction of inequality. Consequently, this study recommended creation of socioeconomic environment conducive for the growth, expansion and eventual formalization of informal businesses. The study also recommended that inequality-reduction be made the end goal of corruption-reduction by ensuring that the proceeds from successful anticorruption campaign are channelled to policies and public projects which redistribute income to the less privileged.
THE PHANARIOTE SYSTEM IN MOLDAVIA AND WALLACHIAUNDER THE OTTOMAN RULE
Authors:   Turkey, Bedir Ömer
Published: June 2022

Dobruja, Moldavia and Wallachia remained under the Ottoman sovereignty for more than 400 years. Dobruja was inhabited mostly by Turks and Muslims, and was administered by Muslim-Turkish governors assigned directly from the Sublime Porte. However, Wallachia and Moldavia were inhabited overwhelmingly by Christian-Orthodox people and were governed by local voivodes designated by the Ottoman Sultans. These voivodeships were autonomous entities in their internal affairs but were dependent to the Ottoman State in their foreign affairs. Upon the betrayal of the Moldavian prince during the Pruth River campaign of 1710-1711, the Ottoman authorities were compelled to implement the Phanariote System which lasted until 1821. Following the abolition of the Phanariote System, the Ottoman authorities returned to the previous method of appointing local princes which, in turn, lasted until the independence of modern Romania. Upon the independence of Romania in 1878, the Ottoman Empire had to switch to a new form of relationship with this newborn state. As a result, these two states resumed their relations through diplomatic means and, in its modern sense, the Turkish-Romanian diplomatic relations were established.
REDESIGN FAMILY TOURISM VISION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Indonesia, Mukhlis Maulana , Yulianti Devi ,   Universitas Lampung, Indonesia
Published: June 2022

This research took place at Metro as one of the local governments in Lampung Province, Indonesia. There were some main visions of development in this region: education-based, family tourism, social economic-based, and participative development. We focused on the family tourism vision of the local government to create the region as the tourism site for families. Meanwhile, there were some facts that Metro, geographically was not a large region and not many nature destinations to attract the tourists. It could be meant that there was a gap between the visions of the local government to implement the second vision. We did field study to observe and interview the related parties and reviewed some literature on tourism concept, family tourism, trend in family tourism business, and the local government policy on tourism. The result of our study show that the measurement of the regional tourism index in Metro has never been carried out, the tourism affairs is no longer completely relied on tourism business actors, but must be developed by involving all stakeholders. To sustain the tourism vision in Metro local government, it is needed to carry out tourism promotions in their regions, learning and coordinate with central government and other regions for managing the opportunity implementation on artificial tourism potential for family tourism business.
THE CAUSES OF SMALL BUSINESSES FAILURE
Authors:   Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco, Elbahjaoui Maryam , Elabjani Abdelaziz ,   Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco, Ciloci Rafael ,   Technical University of Moldova
Published: June 2022

The causes of failure of very small enterprises is a new field of research, especially in Morocco. Indeed, few studies have set out to study it, few studies have set themselves the objective of studying it. This article aims to explain the failure of newly created enterprises, focusing on small businesses. These constitute the absolute majority of the businesses that make up the Moroccan economic fabric. Similarly, studies have shown that the first five years, which corresponds to the start- up period, represent the duration beyond which the majority of the businesses created do not manage to survive. Our analysis has raised several conclusions that can help to better understand of this type of failure. The very small businesses disappear suddenly for several reasons, in particular the scarcity of its resources, which handicaps its survival and its durability, hence the need to describe each explanatory factor of failure which are divided into two groups: endogenous factors and exogenous factors.
IMPROVING THE PROCESS OF MONITORING OF IMMOVABLE PROPERTY COLLATERAL
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Volosatii Carolina
Published: June 2022

Mortgage lending is accompanied not only by the risk of default but also by the risk of deterioration, loss of value or reduction in the value of immovable property collateral. One of the main internationally recommended methods to determine whether the parameters of the mortgaged object, the value, the conditions of its maintenance and operation, the operating requirements are in line with the conditions originally laid down in the mortgage contract is Monitoring. The author, analysing the practices of commercial banks, proposes concrete tools to improve the Monitoring mechanism of mortgaged real estate in the conditions of Moldova. This mechanism is recognized as an important tool for credit risk management but is currently not well defined in the national regulations and mortgage policies of credit institutions.
RESPONSIBILITY CENTRE – MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING INSTRUMENT
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Bugaian Larisa
Published: June 2022

The survey of industrial companies indicates that the majority of managers use information about total costs or, at best, production costs, to make managerial decisions about the effectiveness of products or services. These indicators, being characteristic of financial accounting, are calculated with great approximation on the types of products or services. Marginal costs, as an object of managerial accounting, are very rarely used in the decision-making process, because the existing expense accounting systems of most companies are not able to produce such information. Traditional accounting systems accumulate and process financial information in accordance with financial accounting principles, without tracking and separating variable and fixed costs, which would allow a clearer determination of the direct costs incurred by specific products and services. Thus, the article presents some theoretical and practical aspects regarding the implementation of responsibility centre as tools for decentralizing responsibilities through the principles of managerial accounting, which allow the accumulation and management of costs and expenses on decision-making areas of company subdivisions.
CHALLENGES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ARTICLE 27 REGARDING WORK AND EMPLOYMENT RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN RURAL SOUTH AFRICAN SETTING
Authors:   University of South Africa, South Africa, Sadiki Marubini Christinah , Kibirige Israel ,   University of Limpopo, South Africa
Published: June 2022

It is a challenge to implement the work and employment policies for Persons with Disability (PWDs). This study explored challenges regarding implementing the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) in a rural South Africa setting. Participants were seven persons with disabilities (female =four, male= three, age range = eitghteen to fifty five years). The researchers used a semi-structured personal interviews to get challenges regarding implementing employment of PWDs. Findings from the thematic analysis suggest language barriers, perceptions and attitudes towards disability and reasonable accommodation. The participants reported challenges related to reasonable accommodation, access to built environment barriers, assistive devices, and workplace adaptation. These findings have implications for the employers and the working conditions of PWDs. The researchers put a few recommendations at the administrative level forward to improve the PWDs challenges.
Wymiar regionalny w koncepcjach polityki społecznej
Authors: Orczyk Józef
Published: June 2022

Artykuł zawiera rozważania i propozycje autora dotyczące wymiaru regionalnego polityki społecznej. Ten aspekt polityki społecznej nie cieszy się jak dotąd dużym zainteresowaniem. Zakres regionalizmu i jego formy są powiązane z dominującą w danym państwie doktryną społeczną. Wyraża się to w relacji dochodów własnych samorządów terytorialnych do dochodów budżetu państwa oraz w swobodzie samorządów w kształtowaniu świadczeń społecznych, czyli w decentralizacji. W Polsce zmiany polityczne powiązane z doktrynalnymi utrudniają rozwój regionalnej polityki społecznej. Może to negatywnie wpływać na koordynację i realizację przedsięwzięć polityki społecznej podejmowanych na różnych szczeblach administracji i na dostosowanie struktury świadczeń społecznych do potrzeb mieszkańców regionu.
The Impact of Monetary Policy on Economic Growth in Ukraine
Authors: Bondarchuk Vitalii , Raboshuk Alina
Published: June 2022

This study examines the impact of monetary policy on economic growth in Ukraine between 2006 and 2019. After the stationarity and co-integration tests, a vectorautoregressive model (VAM) was used to estimate the impact of monetary factors on economic growth in Ukraine. The research results show that GDP changes are largely explained by its own earlier dynamics, but in the long-run real GDP quite strongly depends on the money supply, exchange rate against euro, and basic interest rate. At the same time GDP is weakly dependent on the exchange rate against US dollar, CPI and PPI, the volume of loans to business and external debt. The authors explain their findings and compare them with several other empirical studies on the subject concerning some other countries.
Eksperymentalne podejście do łagodzenia światowego ubóstwa. Nagroda Banku Szwecji im. Alfreda Nobla w 2019 r.: Esther Duflo, Abhijit Banerjee, Michael Kremer
Authors: Buttler Dominik , Szambelańczyk Jan
Published: June 2022

Artykuł przedstawia dorobek naukowy laureatów Nagrody Banku Szwecji im. Alfreda Nobla w dziedzinie nauk ekonomicznych przyznanej w 2019 r.: E. Duflo, A. Banerjee i M. Kremera. Omówiony został ich wkład do badań nad przyczynami i sposobami łagodzenia ubóstwa na świecie, a przede wszystkim wkład do rozwoju badań eksperymentalnych w naukach społecznych wykorzystujących schemat randomizowanych badań kontrolowanych (RCT). W tym kontekście autorzy wyjaśniają także przyczyny wzrostu popularności podejścia eksperymentalnego w ekonomii rozwoju oraz omawiają jego silne strony i ograniczenia.
Europa pomiędzy emocjami a racjonalnością: indeks zrównoważonego rozwoju dla europejskich krajów OECD
Authors: Koźmiński Andrzej K. , Noga Adam , Piotrowska Katarzyna , Zagórski Krzysztof
Published: June 2022

Autorzy wykorzystują złożony wskaźnik rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego, zwany wskaźnikiem ALK (BDI), do analizy sytuacji gospodarczej w 22 krajach europejskich OECD w latach 1999–2017. Wskaźnik obejmuje 45 zmiennych społecznych i ekonomicznych w podziale na cztery grupy: 1) oceny bieżącej sytuacji społecznej i politycznej, 2) przewidywania i oczekiwania społeczne, 3) wewnętrzna sytuacja ekonomiczna, 4) czynniki zewnętrzne. Ze względu na oddziaływanie oczekiwań społecznych i czynników zewnętrznych można wyróżnić cztery typy krajów: niezależne racjonalne, zależne emocjonalne, zależne racjonalne i niezależne emocjonalne. Najbardziej niebezpieczne dla rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego jest znalezienie się w grupie krajów zależnych emocjonalnych, charakteryzujących się niską stopą inwestycji i wysokim udziałem konsumpcji w PKB, do której to grupy niebezpiecznie zbliża się gospodarka Polski.
Michał Kalecki a współczesne problemy rozwoju gospodarki kapitalistycznej
Authors: Osiatyński Jerzy
Published: June 2022

Przedmiotem tego szkicu jest prezentacja studiów Michała Kaleckiego nad dynamiką i cyklicznym rozwojem gospodarki kapitalistycznej, które przyniosły mu największy rozgłos i uznanie w środowisku ekonomicznym i które są dalej w rozwijane i reinterpretowane, przede wszystkim na gruncie współczesnej ekonomii postkeynesowskiej. We wstępie autor pokazuje aksjologię badań Kaleckiego nad rozwiniętą gospodarką kapitalistyczną, gospodarką centralnie planowaną oraz gospodarką krajów „Trzeciego Świata”. Część pierwsza przedstawia model cyklu koniunkturalnego i dynamiki gospodarki kapitalistycznej opracowany przez Kaleckiego. Model ten, będący jego własną wersją teorii efektywnego popytu, stał się ramą analityczną jego teorii pełnego zatrudnienia i płynącej z niej rekomendacji dla polityki gospodarczej, które są omawiane w części drugiej. Część trzecia omawia podstawowe różnice między gospodarką kapitalistyczną, która istniała w latach kryzysu 1929–1933 aż do mniej więcej połowy lat siedemdziesiątych ubiegłego stulecia, a gospodarką współczesnego, globalnego kapitalizmu finansowego. Autor próbuje przy tym wskazać, jak Kalecki podszedłby zapewne do wyzwań współczesnego kapitalizmu finansowego i jakich mógłby udzielić wskazań na temat pożądanej polityki gospodarczej, kierując się swoją aksjologią dotyczącą celów gospodarowania.
Ekonomia nowego pragmatyzmu: tożsamość, cele, metoda
Authors: Kołodko Grzegorz W
Published: June 2022

Współczesna myśl ekonomiczna nie radzi sobie zadowalająco ze swymi zadaniami: nie wyjaśnia w sposób w pełni satysfakcjonujący rzeczywistości społeczno-gospodarczej, ani nie proponuje skutecznych metod rozwiązania ważnych problemów, zwłaszcza na szczeblu makroekonomicznym – w gospodarce narodowej oraz megaekonomicznym – w gospodarce światowej. Nowy pragmatyzm to zarys heterodoksyjnej koncepcji teoretycznej powstającej w ramach normatywnego nurtu ekonomii, oparty na pragnieniu stworzenia dobrej gospodarki, odpowiadającej wyzwaniom współczesnego świata. Nowy pragmatyzm to ekonomia uczciwa, która próbuje dostarczyć prawdziwej diagnozy sytuacji gospodarczej oraz zapewnić efektywność i sprawiedliwość w aktywnym gospodarowaniu. Koncepcja ta jest adresowana zarówno do krajów wysoko rozwiniętych, jak i do gospodarek rozwijających się. Sprostanie obecnym wyzwaniom wymaga zmiany stylu życia, czemu towarzyszyć musi odmienny niż dotychczas sposób funkcjonowania gospodarki. Trzeba sformułować na nowo cel gospodarowania, którym nie może być maksymalizacja zysku i ilościowy wzrost produkcji, oraz zapewnić podporządkowanie krótkookresowych interesów prywatnego kapitału długookresowym interesom publicznym.
O silnych i słabych stronach współczesnych nauk ekonomicznych
Authors: Fiedor Bogusław , Gorynia Marian
Published: June 2022

Celem artykułu jest ocena nauk ekonomicznych pod kątem widzenia ich głównych silnych i słabych stron. Ewolucja nauk ekonomicznych prowadzi do ujawnienia i wzmocnienia, ale niekiedy też erozji ich silnych stron. Autorzy podjęli próbę identyfikacji mocnych i słabych stron nauk ekonomicznych oraz ich krótkiej charakterystyki. Podstawową metodą badawczą wykorzystaną przy przygotowaniu tego opracowania była krytyczna analiza literatury przedmiotu. Artykuł składa się ze wstępu, trzech części i zakończenia. Pierwszą część poświęcono określeniu tożsamości współczesnych nauk ekonomicznych. Druga część dotyczy identyfikacji i opisu silnych stron nauk ekonomicznych. W części trzeciej określono i scharakteryzowano najważniejsze słabe strony tychże nauk.
Strategia dla Polski. Ćwierć wieku później, red. Grzegorz W. Kołodko i Jacek Tomkiewicz
Authors: Miszewski Maciej
Published: June 2022

Recenzja
Indeks VIX – zabezpieczenie czy zagrożenie? Konsekwencje finansjalizacji „wskaźnika strachu”
Authors: Kiermasz Błażej , Kszczotek Mikołaj
Published: June 2022

Indeks VIX jest popularnym wskaźnikiem wykorzystywanym przez analityków i ekonomistów do pomiaru poziomu „strachu” wśród inwestorów. Celem artykułu jest wykazanie, że jego informacyjna rola została zaburzona. Autorzy założyli, że stosowanie na dużą skalę strategii sprzedawania zmienności może powodować silne fluktuacje indeksu VIX, które będą spowodowane czynnikami technicznymi niezwiązanymi z sytuacją fundamentalną. W szczególności analizowany jest wpływ instrumentów ETN, kierowanych do inwestorów detalicznych. Ich konstrukcja może skutkować zaburzeniem informacyjnej roli notowań indeksu VIX, co z kolei zagraża stabilności systemu finansowego. Autorzy przeprowadzają studium przypadku wydarzeń z 5 lutego 2018 r., gdy doszło do najsilniejszego jednodniowego wzrostu indeksu VIX w historii. Analiza wykazała, że był on spowodowany wymuszonymi transakcjami emitentów instrumentów ETN na rynku kontraktów terminowych na VIX. Okazało się, że zmiany na tym relatywnie małym rynku mogą mieć znaczące konsekwencje dla całego rynku giełdowego, a nawet dla sfery realnej. Z badań wynika, że analizując indeks VIX, należy być świadomym, że na jego poziom w dużej mierze wpływają siły podaży i popytu na rynku instrumentów pochodnych, które okresowo mogą być zaburzane przez różnego rodzaju anomalie, takie jak nagły zanik płynności.
Przepływy inwestycji zagranicznych między państwami Unii Europejskiej i Japonią – perspektywa umowy o partnerstwie gospodarczym
Authors: Przeździecka Eliza
Published: June 2022

Celem artykułu jest określenie prawdopodobnych zmian wartości przepływów bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych (BIZ) między państwami członkowskimi Unii Europejskiej a Japonią, które mogą nastąpić wskutek wejścia w życie postanowień umowy o partnerstwie gospodarczym UE–Japonia (EPA). Przepływy BIZ pomiędzy UE i Japonią były dotychczas ważnym elementem wzajemnych stosunków gospodarczych. W artykule analizuje się stan należności i zobowiązań z tytułu BIZ w UE oraz Japonii. Wyniki badania wskazują, że umowa EPA może przyczynić się do wzrostu inwestycji państw UE w Japonii, a także zwiększyć zaangażowanie kapitałowe firm japońskich w tych krajach. Polskie firmy nie będą miały dużego znaczenia dla wzrostu ogólnej wartości BIZ pochodzących z UE w Japonii, ale istnieją warunki dla wzrostu polskich inwestycji na rynku japońskim.
Krakowska szkoła ekonomii wobec Wielkiego Kryzysu
Authors: Turowski Krzysztof
Published: June 2022

Wielki Kryzys rozpoczęty w 1929 r. był jednym z najważniejszych wydarzeń wstrząsających gospodarką światową w okresie międzywojennym, a nawet w całym XX wieku. Wielu ówczesnych ekonomistów starało się już na bieżąco dokonać zarówno teoretycznej analizy przyczyn kryzysu, jak również przedstawić propozycje dla polityki gospodarczej, mające ustabilizować sytuację gospodarczą w skali krajowej i międzynarodowej. Artykuł omawia stanowiska formułowane w tej kwestii w obrębie tzw. krakowskiej szkoły ekonomii, do której należeli czołowi wówczas ekonomiści polscy: Adam Krzyżanowski, Ferdynand Zweig oraz Adam Heydel. W obrębie tej szkoły można wyróżnić dwa stanowiska: dewaluacyjne (Krzyżanowski i Zweig) oraz deflacyjne (Heydel) – to ostatnie bliskie teorii cykli koniunkturalnych Misesa i Hayeka. Te dwie propozycje, mimo zbieżności liberalnych poglądów politycznych, były rozbieżne w diagnozie źródeł kryzysu, co miało swoje konsekwencje w różnicach zaleceń dla polityki antykryzysowej.
Crowding-in and Crowding-out Effects of Public Investments in Poland and Portugal: a Comparative Study
Authors: Domańska Agnieszka
Published: June 2022

The article aims to analyse on a comparative basis the effects of public investment spending on the economies of Poland and Portugal in the period 1996–2017. In the economic theory, there are divergent opinions as to the impact of expansionary fiscal policy on economic growth. The direct and indirect impact of the increasing government spending on the economy is one of the key questions in assessing the effectiveness of government spending policy. In the empirical analysis several regression models were used to examine major relationships that are essential in the assessment of the macroeconomic effects of public spending in both countries. The estimation results for Poland point at the presence of a positive effect of public investments on the volume of private sector’s investment outlays and gross domestic product. Another finding is the absence of negative effects of public investments on economic competitiveness measured by the real exchange rate. This confirms the existence of complementarity between private and public investment and excludes their substitutability. On the other hand, in case of Portugal, there is no evidence of the positive macroeconomic influence of public investment spending throughout the analysed period. This may indicate that the initial stimulating effect of the inflow of EU funds combined with domestic public investment outlays, which was observed in earlier years, tended to disappear and transformed into crowding-out of private investmens by public investments. However, this result can also be connected with the economic stagnation resulting from the 2008+ crisis and the later recession when public outlays were not able to activate the private companies enough. Financial costs represented by nominal interest rate played also an important role in shaping private investment in both Poland and Portugal and in the output evolution.
PECULIARITIES OF TRAINING OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SPECIALISTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF ARMED AGGRESSION
Authors: O. Semiletov
Published: June 2022

The necessity of providing public authorities with highly qualified and competent public administration specialists is substantiated. The growing dynamics of demand in the training of specialists in the field of "Public Administration" among other fields and the growing demand in this field in connection with the modernization of public administration of new approaches and decentralization of power, armed aggression by the Russian Federation, features of legal support -civil administrations in Ukraine, and the organization of new ideas as training for public administration specialists in all areas of expanding their professionalism and responsibility in critical areas of all spheres of life and adaptation to new living conditions rights and obligations. The functional load and role of military-civil administrations in the process of ensuring social and economic development of territories are studied, the necessity of training specialists to assist specialists of Military administrations formed in territories where martial law is imposed, and substantiation of status and components of public authorities , and their activity is to purposefully influence the organization of activities in a certain area in the interests of successful and efficient solving the tasks set before them. By their legal status, these temporary bodies are administrative and executive bodies.