bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON AUDIENCE PRACTICES IN CINEMA, TELEVISION, AND OTT PLATFORMS
Authors: OKUMUŞ M. Sami
Published: May 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study is to show whether the cinema industry and therefore the movies produced, lost value compared to the TV series during the last global pandemic period between 2019-2021. This study also expresses the position of movie theaters and their revenues against television and internet broadcasts in the coming years. Approach: The availability of television and today’s internet platforms significantly facilitates access to various movies or series for a large number of viewers. In this case, does it mean that the movie-watching habits of the audience have now largely shifted from public spaces to private spaces via the internet and will continue to do so in the long run? From this point of view, it presents that the restrictions imposed on public spaces due to such epidemics at a time when movie theaters in public spaces are clearly defeated by private spaces will rapidly reduce the interest in cinemas in the following years. Findings: Due to these restrictions, in addition to the economic difficulties to be experienced in the cinema as global decrease of 72% in movie audiences is mentioned in this period. It is clearly seen that it will continue to progress in the coming years due to such pandemics, which are expected to exist in our lives for a long time with its derivatives, by causing an inevitable change in the movie-watching habits of the audience, and it will progress at much lower levels at cinemas than it was before the pandemic. Originality: The fact that it is the first study to present the changing audience ratios between digital broadcasting platforms and cinemas, which have increased in recent years, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic process, reveals the originality of the study.
La investigación dirigida y el desarrollo de actitud favorable para el ambiente
Authors: Castiblanco Carolina Andrea Roncancio , Cardona María Alejandra Güisa , Moreno Karin Viviana Vargas
Published: May 2022

En este texto se describe el producto obtenido de la experiencia en el aula partiendo del enfoque de investigación dirigida. Para promover la actitud favorable sobre el ambiente, se utilizó la metodología cualitativa para el desarrollo de las actitudes respecto al mismo. Se evaluó la presencia de actitud favorable/desfavorable, teniendo como sustento los componentes cognitivo, afectivo y conductual con sus respectivos factores, buscando promover la formación de un ciudadano crítico, reflexivo y activo ante la sociedad. Y se evidenció mayor incidencia en la actitud desfavorable frente a la favorable en relación al producto seleccionado; dicha actitud no es la ausencia de los componentes sino la falta de coherencia entre los mismos. La investigación dirigida en su plan metodológico, aporta en el desarrollo de aprendizaje actitudinal fortaleciendo constantemente sus componentes.
Pengaruh layanan account representative terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak melalui mediasi kepuasan wajib pajak
Authors: Saragih Firmando , Laurensius Ferry
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the study was to determine the direct effect of the account representative service variable on taxpayer compliance through mediation of taxpayer satisfaction at KPP Pratama Medan Polonia. The object of the research is corporate taxpayers who are registered at KPP Pratama Medan Polonia. Data was collected using a questionnaire sent to 99 corporate taxpayer respondents to determine the taxpayer's perception of each research variable. Testing the validity and reliability of the data was carried out to ensure that the respondents' answers reflected the research variables. The analytical tool used is path analysis using SPSS. The results showed that the account representative service had a positive effect on corporate taxpayer satisfaction, and corporate taxpayer satisfaction had no effect on corporate taxpayer compliance. In this study, it is also known that the account representative service variable has a significant effect on corporate taxpayer compliance through mediation of taxpayer satisfaction.
Pengaruh analisis swot dalam e-business (studi kasus e-business shopee di kalangan mahasiswa Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara)
Authors: Simbolon Rizki Anggiani , Aryansyah Rizky , Nurbaiti Nurbaiti
Published: May 2022

Shopee saat ini menempati tahta tertinggi dalam dunia platform belanja online. Hal demikian sudah pasti bukan karena hasil yang diterima secara instan oleh pihak shopee, ada berbagai macam kelebihan-kelebihan yang dimiliki shopee yang mungkin saja tidak dimiliki oleh platform belanja online yang sama dengannya. Kajian ini akan mengulas kelebihan, kekurangan, peluang bahkan ancaman-ancaman yang datang pada pihak shopee. Untuk hal yang demikian akan digunakan konsep analisis SWOT. Analisis SWOT adalah suatu metode perencanaan strategis yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi faktor-faktor yang menjadi kekuatan (strength), kelemahan (weakness), peluang (opportunity), serta ancaman (threats) yang bisa saja terjadi saat proses pencapaian sebuah tujuan dari suatu kegiatan bisnis atau usaha sebuah perusahaan dalam skala yang lebih luas. Dengan adanya hal yang demikian diperlukan kajian baik dari aspek internal maupun eksternal yang mempengaruhi suatu lembaga bisnis dapat mencapai target tujuan. Hasil akhir yang didapat adalah pengaruh analisis SWOT terhadap dunia e-business khususnya shopee.
The Causes and Effects of Truancy in Chinyama Litapi Schools of Zambezi District
Authors:   Rockview University, Lusaka, Zambia, Kuwema Mungulo
Published: May 2022

Education is a touchstone and an essential requirement of human life. The purpose of this study was to identify causes of truancy, establish effects of truancy and find out ways of improving attendance in schools in Chinyama Litapi area. The study employed a mixed paradigm and descriptive design that sampled seven schools and 80 participates. In order to meet these objectives, the researcher used open ended and closed questionnaires, interviews and observation. The findings revealed that there was high level of truancy among school going children in Chinyama Litapi area that result from personal, home and school factors. The study recommended that, there is need to have a detailed government educational policy on truancy reflecting why, when and how the offenders would be punished. Further it should explain who is to receive stiffer punishment whether the child, parent or the teacher to avoid unnecessary truancy that make many pupils drop school.
Growth inhibition in an Arabidopsis L,L-diaminopimelate aminotransferase mutant is associated with both metabolic impairments and gibberellin deficiency
Authors:   , Gouveia Débora Gonçalves
Published: May 2022

Lysine metabolism has been studied for almost 40 years and is clearly involved in plant response to stresses; however, questions regarding the importance of lysine remain open. Here, we investigated the metabolic and physiological impacts of exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) on the development of a mutant with drastically reduced activity of the lysine biosynthesis enzyme L,L-DAPAT (L,L-diaminopimelate aminotransferase). The DAPAT mutation culminated in reduced growth by impacting carbon and nitrogen metabolism, likely associated with apparent putative stress, even under optimal growth conditions. In general, the deficiency in lysine synthesis resulted in a lower content of reducing sugars and starch, especially at the end of the night. Furthermore, a substantial increase in amino acid levels was observed in dapat mutant plants, indicating a metabolic adjustment and consequent imbalance in carbon and nitrogen metabolisms, possibly as- sociated with continued growth in plants deficient in lysine biosynthesis. Mutant plants exhibited a differential expression of CPS, KS, and GA3ox genes, involved in the biosyn- thesis of Gibberellins (GA). Notably, the DAPAT mutation did not eliminate the respon- siveness to exogenous GA application of this mutant, promoting partial recovery of the characteristic dwarf phenotype. Although GA 3 treatment does not seem to affect the met- abolic pattern of the mutant plants, it is possibly responsible for the C/N imbalance, evi- denced by the increased expression of the sugar-starvation marker gene DIN6. Taken together, the results obtained indicate that lysine metabolism is a key point in the balance and allocation of soluble and reserve carbohydrates, and highlight the importance of L,L- DAPAT in controlling growth, primary metabolism, and hormone regulation. Keywords: Amino acids. Lysine biosynthesis. L,L-diaminopimelate aminotransferase. Gibberellin. Metabolic reprogramming.
Fruit size, yield and nutritional quality in tomato: implications of elevated CO2 and temperature
Authors:   , Pimenta Thaline Martins
Published: May 2022

The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) has increased and it could reach 1000 ppm by the end of the century. Associated with these changes, global warming occurs progressively. These factors, elevated CO2 concentration and high temperature, are expected significantly to affect the growth, yield and quality of crops consumed worldwide. Thus, we investigated the effect of elevated CO2 in determining fruit size, yield and nutritional quality in natural warming scenarios (Chapter 1). In addition, we investigated how high CO2 acts in modulating the size and ripening of tomato fruits (Chapter 2). Our results show that the effects of high CO2 on fruit yield and composition depend on plant growth temperature. In general, these factors increased the fruit fresh weight, diameter and fruit yield, however the nutritional quality was impaired. Fruits under elevated CO2 concentration at higher temperature showed reduction of lycopene, β-carotene, ascorbic acid, Zn and Mg greater than fruits under ambient CO2 . Furthermore, heating reduced the brix, soluble sugars, total phenols and fruit dry mass, regardless of the CO2 condition. The increase in fruit size under elevated CO2 was related to greater availability of carbon, which provided higher growth rate. Fruit growth was modulated by greater expansion of pericarp cells, increased expression of expansin genes and nutrient concentration in fruits under high CO2 . The increase in fruit size resulted in hasty ripening. This result was associated with an increase in the concentration of carotenoids, greater ethylene production and expression of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling genes. This study brings new perspectives regarding the action of elevated CO2 in combination with warming air temperature in determining fruit yield and nutritional quality, as well as how elevated CO2 can act to modulate fruit size and ripening under future environmental conditions. Keywords: CO2 enrichment. Fruit mineral composition. Warming. Fruit development. Carotenoids. Cell expansion.
Horizontal accountability: Bottom-up oversight of public duty bearers in Malawi
Authors: Kuwali Dan , Silungwe Chikosa M
Published: May 2022

The principle of public duty requires that public authorities should be held accountable for their acts, omissions, decisions, policies and use of public resources. Focusing on Malawi as a country whose democracy has been tried and tested, this paper locates and dissects the notion of public duty in s 12 of the Constitution of Malawi as an instrument for horizontal accountability that can be employed by the citizenry, based on ss 15 and 41 of the Constitution, for more effective and proactive oversight, as opposed to an ex post facto mechanism exercised by the Ombudsman in terms of s 123 of the Constitution. The central argument of this paper is that those who exercise a public duty do so based on people’s sovereignty and they have an obligation to account to the people for the exercise of State authority. The paper concludes that public duty is a corollary of democratic accountability, and both derive from the protection of individual rights and the rule of law.
The Constitutional Court of Uganda: Blurring/misunderstanding its jurisdiction
Authors: Mujuzi Jamil Ddamulira
Published: May 2022

Article 137 of the Constitution of Uganda (the Constitution) provides for the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court (the Court) to interpret the Constitution and to determine whether any law or conduct—act or omission—is contrary to the Constitution. The drafting history of art 137 shows that the court’s jurisdiction to interpret the Constitution is different from that of declaring whether any law or conduct is inconsistent with the Constitution. However, the jurisprudence of the Court shows that it has blurred the distinction between these two mandates. In this article, the author relies on the drafting history of art 137 to argue, inter alia, that the Court’s approach in this regard is debatable. It is also argued that, although the intention of the drafters of the Constitution was that the Court was not to be the first and final court in matters of constitutional interpretation, the literal interpretation of art 137 and the jurisprudence on art 137 show the opposite. It is further argued that in some instances the Court has misunderstood its jurisdiction under art 137(5) and (6) and that the Court does not have the power to declare legislation unconstitutional under art 137(5). It is also submitted that the Court’s argument that its jurisdiction is limited to interpreting the Constitution or that any petition before it cannot be resolved without first interpreting the Constitution is erroneous. It is further argued that Uganda may have to follow the South African model in which other courts, such as the High Court and the Supreme Court of Appeal, are also empowered to declare legislation unconstitutional.
Evening out the divide between rights and culture: a case for mobilising positive culture in state responses to gender-based violence in Kenya
Authors: Kabata Faith
Published: May 2022

The main focus of the article is on the inadequacy of state responses in eliminating gender-based violence in its structural and direct expressions. The article departs from the premise that gender, sexuality, and identity are cultural constructs and argues that culture and social constructs are dynamic and changing, hence state responses to eliminate gender-based violence must engage the positive and egalitarian aspects of African culture for social legitimacy. While acknowledging that constitutional and legal frameworks lay a normative foundational basis for protection against gender-based violence, the effectiveness of these frameworks must be measured through implementation. It is in the implementation of the constitutional and legal norms that cultural contestations emerge, for instance, in the context of structural forms of gender-based violence such as female genital mutilation and marital rape. The main question that the article seeks to answer is how states can bridge the gap between norms and implementation which arises out of cultural contestations. Focusing on Kenya as a case study, the article examines state responses to structural forms of gender-based violence, specifically, female genital mutilation and marital rape. The Kenyan constitutional framework recognises culture as the foundation of the nation and the right to culture in the Bill of Rights, and on equal footing embraces egalitarian principles which place dignity, freedom, and equality at the core of societal relations. Applying doctrinal research methodology, we analyse case law on female genital mutilation and legislative initiatives in the prohibition of marital rape to identify and distil the judicial and legislative approaches on the interplay between the prohibition of gender-based violence norms and culture. Based on this, the article suggests proposals on how the progressive aspects of African culture that resonate with the egalitarian constitutional structure can be engaged in state responses to gender-based violence.
Chronic pesticide exposure may increase the risk for obesity by suppressing diet-induced thermogenesis
Authors: Aiman Idrees  , Aleenah Mohsin  , Aqeeb Ur Rehman
Published: May 2022

Dear Editor,
The unregulated and injudicious use, or rather overuse, of pesticides in Pakistan is alarming. Pesticides are predominantly used in the agricultural industry, and Pakistan, being an agricultural country, is one of the largest consumers of pesticides in South Asia. The use of pesticides has increased by 1169% in the past two decades (more than 10 sprays per crop), raising great concerns and posing a grave threat to the ecosystem(1). According to the pre-existing literature, the urinary levels of biomarkers for chlorpyrifos (an organophosphate pesticide) and diazinon are high in workers of the pesticide industry, and general residents of areas around these industries, due to the pesticide loading onto dust. Thus pesticides engender significant health risks to occupational workers such as farmers and pesticide industry workers and  residential populations (2). Apart from the well-recognized dermatological, gastrointestinal, respiratory, carcinogenic, neurological and endocrine effects of pesticide exposure (3), a novel consequence in recent studies is the reduction of diet-induced thermogenesis in those chronically exposed to pesticides. Some of the most commonly used pesticides, such as chlorpyrifos, may thus be the yet-neglected precursors of obesity in the developing world. A recent ground-breaking study has hypothesized (with sufficient evidence) that the pesticide chlorpyrifos promotes obesity by suppressing diet-induced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. Obesity is responsible for multiple pathological conditions, including insulin resistance, high blood pressure, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dyslipidaemias. The study has thus sparked major concerns.
So, the question arises: What is the specific mechanism that would likely explain the possible role of pesticides in obesity?
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is a well-documented protein that has a vital role in adaptive thermogenesis. Its role has been validated by prior studies involving the experimental removal of the UCP 1 gene in mice and the resulting obesity, insulin resistance, and NAFLD observed on administration of a high- fat diet and thermoneutral environment [5]. During the study under discussion, analysis of food contaminants at concentrations as low as 1 pM revealed the gene repression of UCP1 by chlorpyrifos. It does this by a twofold mechanism, namely the reduction of UCP1 promoter activity and mRNA expression, ultimately suppressing UCP1 protein. In addition, chronic exposure to even small quantities disrupted brown adipose tissue mitochondrial functions such as fatty acid oxidation regulation and cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor.
---Continue
COVID-19- a global pandemic or endemic?
Authors: Fatma Henna
Published: May 2022

Whether COVID-19 would ever have to be accepted as an endemic illness has been a matter of debate among epidemiologists and virologists since its early days. Last year the UK prime minister pioneered the suggestion to change our expectations around COVID-19 and label it endemic. Earlier this year the Spanish PM agrees. Many support the idea and tout Darwin’s theory of survival of the fittest, now that economies have suffered too much due to restriction policies.
The WHO however holds a strongly opposing view, and has issued a dismal forecast about more than half of people in Europe and Central Asia becoming infected in the present swathe of the omicron variant. It maintains that the virus is too erratic currently, given its mutations and the great enormity to which it infects populations at a given time. For it to acquire an endemic status there should be a stable level of virus within a population marked by epidemic surges that are predictable. This is not foreseeable in the near future.
The last viral pandemic of such a great impact was the 1918 influenza,1 causing more than 50 million deaths world-wide. Influenza became endemic by 1920, with seasonal rises. The vaccine for influenza was launched in 1945. However, flu pandemics plagued subsequent decades, the latest being the swine flu of 2009. There stills looms a danger of a future influenza pandemics with WHO claiming that it is not a question of “if”, but “when”. However this time we are equipped with several pandemic preparedness measures- an effective surveillance system (The Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System)2 yearly flu vaccine and post-exposure prophylaxis (oseltamivir).
COVID vaccines have reduced severity of infection3, therefore strict lockdown measures and prolonged self-isolation are no longer in vogue.  All one can do it seems, is to accept that COVID is here to stay, get the vaccine- or get infected- and hope that either passive or active immunity will work.
However keep in mind that COVID- ARDS aside, post viral-sequale (lung fibrosis, encephalitis, and thrombotic complications) is a more concerning contributor to morbidity and mortality.
So if in reality the death toll is much higher than the estimated count of 5.5 million and is predicted to rise in coming months as more people get infected are we ready to allow the virus to decide who climbs the evolutionary ladder and who does not?
Propuesta de una planta de etanol con ahorro de agua, energía y reducción de vinazas
Authors: Guerrero Escobedo Adolfo Enrique , Mendoza Bobadilla Jorge Luis , Guerrero Llúncor Juan Adolfo , Vasquez Blas Carlos , Rodriguez Espinoza Ronald Fernando , Celis Rojas Santos Ricardo
Published: May 2022

El ahorro de agua es vital para la sostenibilidad ambiental de los procesos; en este sentido, en la fermentación etanólica se la utiliza para la dilución de las mieles azucaradas, para el tratamiento de la levadura y operaciones de limpieza. Reducir agua en la fermentación permite obtener vinos con mayor graduación alcohólica y, por lo tanto, la reducción de la generación del efluente conocido como vinaza en la destilería. En el presente trabajo se propone un proceso de fermentación de alta gravedad, con una temperatura de 30°C, tiempo de alimentación de mosto de 20 horas y tiempo total de 53 horas obteniendo como resultados una concentración de 126,12 g/L de etanol, reducción de 45,66% de consumo de agua, reducción de 38,03% de generación de vinaza y reducción en el consumo energético de 38,35%. Se requirió de un software matemático para la resolución de los modelos matemáticos de fermentación y un simulador de procesos químicos para la resolución de los balances de materia y energía en las columnas de destilación.
Competencias digitales en docentes universitarios de América Latina: Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Salazar Farfán María del Rosario , Lescano López Galia Susana
Published: May 2022

El objetivo de la revisión sistemática fue analizar los aspectos metodológicos principales que presentan los artículos científicos sobre competencias digitales en docentes universitarios en América Latina, divulgados durante los años 2017 y 2021. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura teniendo en cuenta los protocolos metodológicos sugeridos para la revisión bibliográfica. La estrategia para la búsqueda incorporó el empleo de las bases de datos: Scopus, Scielo, Dialnet, Ebsco y operadores booleanos para la combinación de los descriptores. Los artículos que se analizaron revelan que la mayoría de artículos sobre el tema se encuentra en Ecuador y que predominan las investigaciones de tipo mixto. Se concluye que existe poca producción a nivel científico relacionada a competencias digitales docentes en el entorno latinoamericano. Así mismo es importante incrementar la capacitación docente, con la finalidad de promover el pensamiento a nivel crítico, las estrategias para solucionar problemas, la comunicación y el aprendizaje colaborativo.
Metafora Kemampuan Berpikir Metafora Siswa Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Aljabar
Authors: Nurjasia Nurjasia , Mahmud Nurfadilah , Aprisal Aprisal
Published: May 2022

Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan berfikir metafora siswa pada materi aljabar. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII IPA SMA Negeri 8 Enrekang sebanyak 29 orang siswa. Adapun subjek penelitian sebanyak 6 orang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Subjek penelitian dipilih untuk mewakili kemampuan berfikir metafora pada kategori tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa tes kemampuan berfikir metafora untuk memperoleh data kemampuan berfikir metafora dan pedoman wawancara untuk melengkapi dan memperkuat informasi yang berasal dari pemberian tes pada materi aljabar. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berfikir metafora siswa pada materi aljabar berada pada kategori sedang. Siswa dengan kemampuan berfikir metafora tinggi yaitu siswa sudah memenuhi ketiga indikator kemampuan berfikir metafora dengan tepat, siswa dengan kemampuan berfikir metafora sedang hanya bisa memenuhi satu atau dua indikator dari kemampuan berfikir metafora, sementara itu, siswa dengan kategori rendah hanya mampu memenuhi satu atau tidak sama sekali indikator dari kemampuan berfikir metafora.
İSİM-FİİL VE SIFAT-FİİL YAPILARININ TÜRK DİLİ VE FRANSIZ DİLİ AÇISINDAN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI OLARAK İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ÇİÇEK Ali
Published: May 2022

Bu makalede, fiilimsi üst başlığı altında yer alan isim-fiil (mastar), sıfat-fiil ve zarf fiil kuruluşlarından isim-fiil ve sıfat-fiilin Türkçe ve Fransızcadaki yapıları, kullanışları ve özellikleri karşılaştırmalı bir biçimde ele alınacaktır. Fiilimsilerin hem Türkçede hem de Fransızcada birbirine benzemeyen bazı özellikleri hariç, genelde kuruluşları bakımından birbirine yakın benzerlikler sergiledikleri görülmektedir. Bu ortak özellikler öncelikle bazı dil bilgisi terimlerinin isim olarak karşılanışında ortaya çıkmaktadır. Mesela, birtakım Türkçe dil bilgisi kitaplarında sıfat-fiil yerine partisip (Fr. participe), aynı şekilde zarf-fiil yerine gerundium (Alm. gerudium, Fr. gérondif ) terim isimleri kullanılmaktadır. Bunun için öncelikle bu ögelerin çeşitli verilere göre Türkçe ve Fransızcadaki dil bilgisi yapıları, hangi şekilde kullanıldıkları, ardından bu iki dil bilgisi teriminin söz konusu iki dile göre benzer ve farklı özellikleri üzerinde durulacaktır. Bu makalede, fiil kök ve gövdelerinden türetilen ve Türkçede isim sıklığında ve yaygın olarak kullanılmakta olan isim-fiil ve sıfat-fiil yapıları ile Fransızcada isim karşılığı olarak kullanılan mastar (Fr. infinitif) ve aynı şekilde isim ve sıfat olarak kullanılan partisip ( Fr. participe) yapıları karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmıştır. Karşılaştırma için her iki dilde bu iki yapının önce kısa tanımları ardından yapılış şekilleri ve kullanışları çeşitli örneklerle ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Türkçe isim-fiil ve sıfat-fiil ekleri verilirken bazılarının tarihi gelişimi, uğradıkları değişlikler ve günümüzdeki kullanımları çeşitli kaynaklara göre ayrı ayrı başlıklar hâlinde ele alınmıştır. Özellikle sıfat-fiillerin dilde ortaya koydukları zamana dayalı işlevleri, aynı kelime çeşidinin Fransızcadaki kullanımlarıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca mevcut makalede bu iki kelime çeşidinin Türkçe ve Fransızcada oluşturdukları isim-fiil ve sıfat-fiil gruplarının önemi, cümle kuruluşlarındaki fonksiyonları üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu inceleme esnasında sözü geçen iki dildeki birtakım sözlükler, konuyla ilgili bazı makaleler ve yapılan diğer çalışmaların bir kısmından yararlanılmış ve Türkçe ile Fransızcanın isim-fiil ve sıfat-fiil yapılarını kullanma yetenekleri değerlendirilmiştir.
Special approach to the analysis and evaluation of the composition of red blood in athletes (on the example of rowing and canoeing)
Authors: Grishina Zh. V. , Makarova G. A. , Chernuha S. M. , Feshchenko V. S. , Zholinsky A. V.
Published: May 2022

The results of the analysis of red blood parameters in professional rowers showed that they have different mechanisms for the development of pre- and anemic conditions. This makes it necessary in each specific case to determine the prevailing of them, which requires an expansion of the set of recorded parameters.
Influence of normobaric hypoxia on the dynamics of biochemical indicators during the performance of mind work
Authors: Tambovtseva R. V. , Sechin D. I.
Published: May 2022

The aim was to study the effect of normobaric hypoxia on biochemical parameters to assess homeostatic changes caused by mental work.

Materials and methods: 90 highly qualified athletes of various specializations took part in the scientific observation. Athletes performed psychophysiological tests to determine mental performance under normal conditions and under the influence of normobaric hypoxia.

Results: the concentrations of lactate (La), glucose (Glu), cholesterol (Chol), and triglycerides (Trigl) in the blood were measured four times at different stages.

Conclusions: it was shown that athletes after staying in NH conditions significantly increased the La, Glu, Chol and Trigl indices, which indicates the mobilization of energy resources and an increase in anaerobic processes in response to NH exposure. Re-performance of mental work after exposure to NH was associated with a marked decrease in the concentration of Glu, Chol, and Trigl, along with a slight increase in the concentration of La after normobaric hypoxic exposure, there are significant changes in the bioenergetic profile in athletes.
Az amerikai–török kapcsolatok elemzése a geopolitikai törekvések tükrében
Authors: Varga Esztella
Published: May 2022

A Törökországban 2002-ben kormányra került Igazság és Fejlődés Pártja (AKP) merőben eltérő külpolitikát folytat, mint az elődei. Ennek egyik okaként említhető a hidegháború végén kialakult, új típusú világrend: a két blokk megszűnésével nagyobb mozgástérhez jutottak az egyes államok, így Törökország is. A 2001-ben megjelent „Stratégiai mélység” című művében fektette le a későbbi külügyminiszter, majd miniszterelnök, Ahmet Davutoğlu az új külpolitikai szemlélet elméleti alapjait. A kötetben hangsúlyos szerepet kapnak mind a geopolitikai, mind a puha hatalomra épülő eszközök. A török befolyás regionális kiterjesztése ennek megfelelően azóta elsősorban gazdasági, kulturális, nyelvi, történelmi (puha hatalmi) eszközökkel történik, illetve a regionális vezető szerepre törekvés is megjelenik. Ankara a szomszédságpolitikájában konfliktusmentességre törekszik (zero problems policy), és ahol lehet, mediátorként lép fel. A jelen tanulmány ennek a külpolitikai törekvésnek az amerikai–török kapcsolatokra gyakorolt hatását vizsgálja, elsősorban a 2000- es évek első két évtizedére vonatkozóan.
A szíriai háború homszi eseményeinek és a térségbeli belső menekültek migrációs motivációjának elemzése
Authors: Solymári Dániel , Gibárti Sára
Published: May 2022

A szíriai háború következtében területi és demográfiai átrendeződés ment végbe, illetve mély strukturális és gazdasági válság alakult ki az országban. Jóllehet a háború „befagyott”, az ország jelentős részén mégis megkezdődött a konszolidáció, és a belső menekültek (IDP-k) visszaköltözése lassan megindult. A jelen írás szerzői a Magyar Máltai Szeretetszolgálat által Homsz városában és környékén koordinált, a belső menekülteknek nyújtott repatriációs segélyprogram keretében végeztek a migrációs motivációkat és a társadalmi viszonyokat feltáró előtanulmányt. Írásunkban először bemutatjuk a program földrajzi területét, a konfliktus homszi eseményeit és a térségbeli IDP-k elhelyezkedését. Majd a pilotkutatásunkból származó, első kézből szerzett tapasztalatokat összegezzük, amelyek önmagukban is alkalmasak a migráció kiváltó okainak és az egyéni traumák kialakulásának, az IDP-k társadalmi helyzetének, mindezen keresztül pedig napjaink egyik legjelentősebb krízisterületének, geopolitikai nexusának a jobb megértéséhez.
Translation and the Second Language Learner: Examining English Language Usage among Students of Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria
Authors: Ken Chukwu Uche , N. Onuoha Ebere. , M. Duru Iruka. , C. Iroagba Gloria.
Published: May 2022

This paper examined, using students of Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria as case study, translation as a significant phenomenon in the Igbo language native speaker’s use of English as a second language. The purpose was to identify the manners of such translation, and the possible motivations. A total of two hundred and four (204) students admitted into the School of Health Technology of the University for the 2020/2021 academic year formed the sample population. The method of data collection was purposive as the authors paid particular attention to instances of direct translation as they manifested in the students’ discussions and interactions. The students were not subjected to any form of controlled environment, but rather, the authors as lecturers of the selected students engaged in direct observation of the students in their social interactions as well as formal class discussions. The items of expressions extracted as data were subjected to evaluation with the aim of identifying incidences and manner of direct translation from Igbo language structure to the English language structure, as well as their possible sources of motivation. Thus, the method of data analysis was qualitative. The paper adopted the theoretical approach of word-for-word translation or metaphrasing. The findings of the paper include that the affected students think in the source language (SL) before translating their thoughts into the target language (TL). What is experienced as TL structures follows from the SL structures that exist in the mental resources of the students. The paper, therefore, concludes that direct translation can be deceptive to the second language learner because it may not contain obvious instances of structural rule deficiency but can be faulted along functional lane, where it manifests instances of redundancy, and vocabulary deficiency. Consequently, the authors recommend among others that the L2 teacher should extend his/ her teaching efforts towards identifying the possible motivation a student’s direct translation in order to guide him or her out of it, especially, the students who may need the language beyond its L2 environment, or beyond mere language of social expression.
Implementation of Customary Court Policy in Parigi Moutong Regency
Authors: Basir  , Yodo Sutarman , Nurhannis
Published: May 2022

This study focuses on 1 (one) problem formulation: How is the Implementation of Customary Court Policy in Parigi Moutong? The theory used is the theory of Policy Implementation Thomas B Smith, using 4 (four) factors, namely, (1) Idealized policy, (2) Target group, (3) Implementing organization, (4) Environmental factor. This research uses qualitative research methods with observation, interviews, and documentation data collection techniques. Snowball determination of informants. Miles, Huberman, and Saldana interactive data analysis, including data collection, condensation, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The study results show that implementing the Customary Court Policy in Parigi Moutong Regency has been running, but it has not been effective. Even in some villages and sub-districts, it is getting weaker and forgotten. Factors causing the ineffectiveness of policy implementation: inaccurate and consistent communication, both internally and externally, the implementing organization is not supported by an excellent organizational structure and sufficient corporate resources, Social, economic, and political environment is not supportive. The Central Sulawesi Governor’s Regulation No. 42 of 2013, concerning Guidelines for Customary Courts in Central Sulawesi, should be a policy that encourages and directs customary stakeholders but has not been used as a guideline and reference in implementing the traditional justice process.
Comparación de la anastomosis cervical manual versus mecánica en una serie prospectiva de pacientes con esofagectomía por cáncer
Authors: Castaño Llano Rodrigo , Salazar Ochoa Santiago , Piñeres Salazar Amy Del Mar , Jaramillo Ricardo , Molina Sandra , Aristizábal Arjona Felipe , Puerta Botero Juan Esteban
Published: May 2022

Objetivos: La escasa literatura existente sugiere haber una menor tasa de fugas anastomóticas y una menor formación tardía de estenosis después de la anastomosis esofagogástrica con grapas comparada con la técnica de anastomosis manual. El objetivo del presente estudio es comparar los resultados quirúrgicos de la anastomosis cervical manual termino-lateral versus la anastomosis mecánica por grapado laterolateral luego de una esofagectomía transhiatal por cáncer. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de los pacientes sometidos a esofagectomía transhiatal con anastomosis manual o mecánica por neoplasia en tres instituciones de Medellín, entre 2011 y 2018. Los criterios de valoración incluyeron la tasa de fuga anastomótica, la morbilidad, la mortalidad, la estancia hospitalaria y las estenosis anastomóticas identificadas por endoscopia que requirieran dilatación. Resultados: se evaluaron 68 pacientes (40 hombres, 59%), 37 con anastomosis manual y 31 con anastomosis mecánica con características demográficas similares. Se produjeron fugas anastomóticas en 13 pacientes (19,1%), sin encontrarse una diferencia entre la anastomosis manual y mecánica (18,9 frente a 19,3%; p = 0,93). La morbilidad global (61%), la mortalidad intrahospitalaria (3%) y la duración de la estancia hospitalaria (mediana de 12 días) no se vieron afectadas por la técnica anastomótica. Se dispuso de una evaluación endoscópica de seguimiento en todos los pacientes y se detectó una estenosis anastomótica asociada o no a fugas de la anastomosis en 18 pacientes (22%), los casos de estenosis sin fuga fueron más frecuente con la técnica de anastomosis manual que la mecánica (21,6 vs 6,4%; p=0,07) con una duración mayor del procedimiento quirúrgico en caso de la anastomosis manual (p=0,05). Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio no aleatorizado sugiere que la técnica de anastomosis mecánica cursa con un tiempo quirúrgico menor y una menor tasa de estenosis que la anastomosis manual en la reconstrucción esofagogástrica cer transhiatal, con una tasa de fuga anastomótica, estancia hospitalaria y morbimortalidad similares.
Infección por Helicobacter pylori y relación con hallazgos endoscópicos en pacientes atendidos en un centro endoscópico de referencia en Panamá
Authors: Duarte-Chang Calixto , Zuñiga Julio
Published: May 2022

Introducción: La infección por Helycobacter pylori (HP) es un problema de salud pública en Latinoamérica con prevalencia de infección de hasta 70%. Existen hallazgos endoscópicos asociados a la presencia de la infección, no obstante desconocemos la prevalencia actual en Panamá y si los hallazgos endoscópicos se relacionan a infección por HP. Objetivo: Evaluar la frecuencia de infección por HP en los pacientes que se realizaron endoscopia digestiva alta y su asociación con infección por HP. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal y analítico, del 1 de enero del 2019 al 31 de diciembre del 2019 en el servicio de Gastroenterología del Hospital Santo Tomás, Ciudad de Panamá. Se evaluó la frecuencia de infección por HP en los pacientes que se realizaron endoscopia digestiva alta y la asociación de hallazgos endoscópicos con infección por HP. Resultados: En total se realizaron 1 281 endoscopias digestivas. El 21,4% de los pacientes incluidos en el estudio se confirmó infección por HP. En los hallazgos endoscópicos la presencia de gastritis nodular tiene una asociación OR 4,32 (2,74-6,80) con la presencia de infección por HP. La presencia de úlcera duodenal y úlcera gástrica también estuvieron asociadas significativamente a la presencia de infección por HP, OR 3,71 (1,21-11,35) y OR: 2,59 (1,36-5,16). Conclusión: Este es el primer estudio en Panamá que evalúa la asociación de hallazgos endoscópicos y la prevalencia en una cohorte de pacientes con indicación de endoscopia alta con la probabilidad de infección por Helicobacter pylori en la última década. Nosotros concluimos que ciertos hallazgos endoscópicos en un cont drían aumentar la probabilidad diagnóstica de infección por HP en pacientes atendidos en Panamá.
Toxicidad hepática inducida por terbinafina en el contexto de una pandemia por SARS-CoV-2: reporte de un caso
Authors: Bustios Sanchez Carla , Sumire Umeres Julia , Asato Higa Carmen , Monge Zapata Victor
Published: May 2022

La terbinafina es un fármaco que puede inducir daño hepático agudo. Presentamos el caso de un paciente varón de 40 años que desarrolló disfunción hepática después de 35 días de tratamiento con terbinafina por onicomicosis. El estudio anátomo patológico demostró: hepatitis aguda en resolución, además de ductopenia y colestasis. Estos hallazgos, sin el antecedente de hepatitis viral o autoinmune, son consistentes con el diagnóstico de daño hepático inducido por drogas (DILI). En este reporte presentamos el primer caso en nuestro país de un paciente que es afectado por una enfermedad hepática aguda: injuria hep osteriormente infección por SARS-CoV-2 en el contexto de una pandemia.
Oda al hígado
Authors: Piscoya Alejandro
Published: May 2022

-
Cálculos complejos o difíciles en la endoscopia de vía biliar (CPRE): dilatación con balones de gran diámetro y otros métodos de manejo. Experiencia acumulada en un centro endoscópico de referencia 2009-2018
Authors: Yriberry Ureña Simón , Salazar Muente Fernando , Barriga Briceño José Antonio , Vera Calderón Augusto , Suárez Arellano Diego
Published: May 2022

Introducción: La coledocolitiasis sigue estando presente hasta en 20% de la enfermedad vesicular calculosa sintomática y los cálculos complejos o difíciles son un tercio de estos. La dilatación papilar con balones de gran diámetro (DPBGD) con o sin esfinterotomía endoscópica (EE) previa proporciona excelentes resultados en el tratamiento de dichos cálculos y además complementada con variantes como litotricia mecánica (LM) y prótesis temporales y/o definitivas metálicas. Objetivos: mostrar tasas de éxito, complicaciones y eventos adversos. Demostrar que se obtiene mayor tasa de éxito con técnicas combinadas o variantes. Materiales y métodos: Evaluamos la seguridad y éxito de la DPBGD con o sin EE y otras combinaciones para el manejo de cálculos complejos. Describimos nuestros casos de una década y los comparamos con la anterior donde no realizábamos dilataciones. De 865 CPRE’s por coledocolitiasis, 223 (25,78%) fueron cálculos complejos. Los tratamientos EE+DPBGD (n=183) y DPBGD solamente (n=40). Se requirieron modalidades adicionales en 15,25% (n=34). Estos dos grupos se compararon con respecto a eventos adversos, éxito de extracción, número de sesiones, duración de procedimientos y necesidad de LM y colocación de prótesis plásticas. Resultados: Se logró tratamiento completo y extracción en primera sesión en 84,74% sin diferencia significativa entre EE o sin/EE (p=0,2). Los eventos adversos no fueron significativamente diferentes en los grupos (DPBGD sóla vs. DPBGD c/EE p=0,1): eventos adversos 12,5% vs. 10,38% (incluyendo dolor sin pancreatitis); pancreatitis 2,7% vs. 2,5%). Éxito inicial y con métodos adicionales similares. El tiempo promedio de procedimiento fue mayor en el grupo de DPBGD sin/EE (20,5 minutos) contra el de DPBGD c/EE. Conclusiones: La DPBGD en CPRE permite extraer cálculos hasta en 99,65% de casos (90% en series previas sin dilatación) cifras similares a lo descrito en la literatura. Los eventos D con/sin EE son similares entre sí y con los de CPRE clásica y no hay diferencia estadística, guardando similitud con otras series nacionales y mundiales.
Prevalencia del virus de hepatitis C en donantes de sangre en el Perú 2016 - 2017
Authors: Bellido Alvaro , Argumanis Enrique , Segura Patricia , Tagle Martin
Published: May 2022

Objetivos: Conocer la prevalencia actual de la infección por el virus de la hepatitis C a nivel nacional ha tomado una gran importancia en la actualidad debido a los nuevos avances en el tratamiento de la infección del virus de la hepatitis C en los que los nuevos antivirales de acción directa han demostrado una alta tasa de respuesta viral sostenida. Materiales y métodos: El presente es un estudio descriptivo basado en la detección del anti VHC en los bancos de sangre del Ministerio de Salud de acuerdo a la información obtenida del Programa Nacional de Hemoterapia y Bancos de Sangre. (PRONAHEBAS). Resultados: En nuestro estudio la prevalencia de anticuerpos contra el virus de hepatitis C en donantes de sangre a nivel nacional fue 0,428% en el año 2016 y 0,301% en el año 2017. Conclusiones: Conocer datos actualizados acerca de la prevalencia de la infección del virus hepatitis C en nuestra población constituye el primer paso para poder combatir la enfermedad y reducir drásticamente la tasa de infección de acuerdo a la meta de OMS, que consiste en erradicar las hepatitis virales para el año 2030.
Utilidad diagnóstica de la colonoscopia y evaluación histológica en el estudio de pacientes con diarrea crónica
Authors: Nuñez Renza Jesus Enrique , Cabrera Laiseca Paula Andrea , Rocha Rodríguez José Nicolas , Aponte Marín Diego Mauricio , Medina Parra Jorge Alexis , Sabbagh Sanvicente Luis Carlos
Published: May 2022

Introducción: Los pacientes con diarrea crónica con frecuencia se someten a la evaluación con colonoscopia, sin embargo, la realización de biopsias o ileoscopia permanece controversial. Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad de la colonoscopia más biopsias en el estudio de pacientes con diarrea crónica. Materiales y métodos: Retrospectivamente revisamos pacientes con diarrea crónica que fueron llevados a colonoscopia entre 2015 a 2019. Se excluyeron pacientes con datos incompletos, infección por VIH, hallazgos endoscópicos anormales, colonoscopia sin valoración del ciego, estar en tratamiento empírico para la diarrea y mala preparación. Se realizó análisis descriptivo de las características de los pacientes, hallazgos histopatológicos y comparación de signos y síntomas según hallazgo histopatológico. Resultados: Se evaluaron 535 pacientes con diarrea crónica, de estos, a 283 (52,8%) se les realizó biopsias. En el 55,1% (n=156) de las biopsias se obtuvo algún diagnóstico histopatológico final. Los diagnósticos histopatológicos correspondieron a colitis ulcerativa (n=3), enfermedad de Crohn (n=5), colitis linfocítica (n=6), colitis colágena (n=12), colitis eosinofílica (n=13), colitis infecciosa (n=13), Melanosis coli (n=15), colitis inespecífica (n=57) y otros cambios histológicos (n=32). La enfermedad de Crohn solo se documentó en biopsias de íleon (p<0,001), la colitis ulcerativa solo se diagnosticó en biopsias del recto sigmoide (p=0,007), la colitis infecciosa en su mayor proporción (30,7%) se documentó en biopsias del colon derecho (p=0,028). Conclusión: La colonoscopia y las biopsias son útiles en la investigación de pacientes con diarrea crónica, obteniendo un diagnóstico histológico en el 55% de los pacientes. La ileoscopia complementó los hallazgos de la colonoscopia en menor proporción.