bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Akad Wadi’ah pada Produk Simpanan Qurban: Study Pemikiran Muhammad Syafii Antonio
Authors: Farida Annikmah , Kurniawati Vais , Rahmawati Rita
Published: August 2022

Simpanan qurban ialah simpanan yang dipersiapkan menjelang hari raya idul adha. BMT Ar- Rahmah Jaya Mulya adalah salah satu BMT di Kota Metro yang yang memiliki produk simpanan yang beragam salah satunya adalah simpanan qurban. Simpanan qurban disediakanuntukmasyarakat yang ingin menyisihkan dananya untuk melaksanakan qurban dengan cara menabung. Tabungan inimenggunakan akad wadi’ah yad dhamanah.Tabunganinitidakbolehdiambilsewaktu-waktu dan denganjangkawaktutertentu.Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah implementasi akad wadi’ah pada produk simpanan qurban di BMT Ar- Rahmah Jaya Mulya, dan bagaimana kesesuaian akad wadi’ah pada produk simpanan qurban menurutpemikiran Muhammad Syafi’i AntoniodalambukunyaBank Syari’ah Dari Teori Ke Praktik. Adapun jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (filed research) mengambil lokasi di BMT Ar- Rahmah Jaya Mulya KC. Metro dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data-data dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari data primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data primer dilakukan observasi dan wawancara. Teknik pengumpulan data sekunder diperoleh dari dokumentsi dan buku-buku Muhammad Syafi’i Antonio,dan Analisis data menggunakan induktif. Implementasi akad wadi’ah pada produk simpanan qurban ini sama dengan simpanan lainya dengan cara fotocopy KTP, KK dan isi formulir anggota simpanan qurban. Pelaksanaan akadwadiahdenganprinsip wadiah yad dhamanah,  pada produk simpanan qurban di BMT Ar-Rahmah Jaya Mulya sudah sesuai dengan pemikiran Muhammad Syafi’i Antonio denganadanyamuwaddi’ (penitip),mustawda’( penyimpan),barang yang ditiipkan dan ijab Kabul.Akan tetapidisiniada yang berbeda karena pada awal akad adanya penyampaian pemberian bonus yang diperjanjikan untuk anggota ketika jumlah tabunggannya sudah mencapai Rp. 1.800.000  maka anggota akan mendapatkan bonus sebesar Rp. 200.000, .Pemberian bonus yang diperjanjikan di awalinilah yang membuat tidak sesuai dengan pemikiran Muhammad Syafii Antonio

Kata Kunci: Implementasi Akad Wadi’ah, Produk Simpanan Qurban, Pemikiran Muhammad Syafi’i Antonio
Rancang Bangun Sistem Monitoring dan Uji Analisis Performansi Tranformator berbasis Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Aditya Surya , Jie Samuel , Aliansyah Achmad Nur
Published: August 2022

Maintenance on transformers is currently carried out on a monthly basis, which activities are carried out manually so that it is difficult to detect transformers experiencing abnormal conditions if there is a disturbance outside the maintenance schedule. Therefore, this research was carried out with the aim of making a prototype of a transformer condition monitoring system and monitoring parameters on the transformer remotely through the Blynk application in real time. In making this tool, the PZEM-004T sensor is used to read electrical parameters, the DS18B20 sensor to read the temperature on the transformer winding and the Arduino MEGA 2560 With WiFi Built-in - ESP8266 to process the data read by the sensor which is then sent to the Blynk application. The results of this study indicate that the average error value for the comparison of current readings is 0.68%, the average error value for the comparison between phase to neutral voltage readings is 0.91%, the average error value for the comparison of voltage readings between phases is 1, 00%, the average error value of the Cosφ reading comparison is 0.02% and the average temperature reading comparison error value is 1.73%.
PEMBUATAN DAN PEMANFAATAN ANTISEPTIK DAN DESINFEKTAN DALAM PENCEGAHAN COVID-19
Authors: Parawansah Parawansah , Saida Saida , Eso Amiruddin , Yusran Nurul Afifah , F.A Wa Ode Chesaria , Indriyati Indriyati , Fajarwati B Nuzul Aulia , Rachman Puteri Febriyanthi
Published: August 2022

Antiseptic is a chemical substance whose mechanism of action is to destroy microorganisms or inhibit its work so that it can prevent infection. One of the antiseptics is chlorhexidine and alcohol. The method used in this service is the comparative method of several journal sources. A literature study is conducted online by searching for journals. The results of this dedication show that the use of antiseptics and disinfectants to prevent Covid-19 transmission is effective if the selection is right and used according to their purpose. There needs to be further education by health workers to the public to be a preventive measure against the further spread of Covid-19.
Study of the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers and the biopreparation Humimax on the productivity and quality of oat grain cultivated on soddy-podzolic sandy soil
Authors: Vorob'eva L. , Adamko Vasily , Anischenko Valeriy
Published: August 2022

The results of studies on the effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers and the biopreparation Humimax on the productivity and quality of oat grain when cultivated on soddy-podzolic sandy soil with a pollution density of 20 or more Ci/km2, and on the transfer of radionuclides into oat grain are presented. It has been established that the use of the biopreparation Humimax provides an increase in the yield of oat grain by 23%. Consistently increasing doses of potassium in the composition of NPK, both with a separate application and in combination with a biological product, reduced the specific activity of 137Cs in oat grain by more than 3 times. The use of the drug Humimax on all backgrounds of fertilization provides an increase in the content of crude protein in the grain.
Determination of the effect of the combined use of fungicide and potassium humate on the productivity of spring barley
Authors: Hlusov Valentin , BUHAROVA Al'mira , KOLESOVA Elena
Published: August 2022

The results of the effect of the combined use of a fungicide and a solution of potassium humate of various concentrations on the sowing indicators of seeds and the yield of spring barley in the conditions of the Moscow region of the growing season of 2020 are presented.
The quality of herbal raw materials and the consumption of nutrients by herbs in long-term early-ripening cereal grass stands
Authors: Zhezmer Natalya
Published: August 2022

It has been established that with each centner of dry matter yield, early-ripening three-cut cereal grass stands are removed from the soil (when N180P40K155 is applied): 2.5-2.6 kg of nitrogen, 2.7-2.8 kg of K2O, 0.8 kg of P2O5 and 0. 7 kg CaO. The resulting herbal raw material in all three cuts ensures the harvesting of first-class haylage, and in two cuts (and fertilizer N100P25K110) — hay of the second and third classes.
Choosing parental pairs for development initial material of alsike clover
Authors: Rekashus Eduard , Makaeva Anna
Published: August 2022

The article presents the results of a study in 2021 of 13 tetraploid selective varieties of alsike clover (Trifolium hybridum L.) from Norway, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Canada, Latvia, Belarus and Russia in terms of the productivity of air-dry matter of the standing crop and seed yield. The observations were carried out in a greenhouse experiment set up in the greenhouse complex of the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology. The purpose of the research is to choose for crossing and further breeding work the most productive tetraploid clover genotypes from different geographical regions in terms of standing crop and seed yield. The criterion for selecting promising selective numbers for crossing was the deviation of the standing crop yield and (or) seed yield by more than 3 standard deviations (σ) from the corresponding arithmetic mean in the experiment. For experimental data on the yield of air-dry matter of the standing crop, a normal distribution was characteristic, and for seed yield, an exponential distribution. This made it possible to use the critical value of 3σ in making breeding decisions. The average productivity of air-dry matter of the standing crop is 47 g/vessel, σ=16 g/vessel. The average seed productivity is 1.1 g/vessel, and σ=0.9 g/vessel. According to the value of air-dry matter of the standing crop of 102 g/vessel, selective number 56 (cv. Tetraploid from the Republic of Belarus) was identified, and according to seed yield of 4.2 g/vessel, selective number 42 (cv. Alpo from Norway). They belonged to the productivity of Novator variety 213% and 233%, respectively. Selective numbers 56 and 42 are promising for crossing and studying the ability of offspring to combine high fodder and seed productivity.
Advanced training of agricultural and industrial complex as a condition for ensuring the development of the industry
Authors: HLUSOVA Irina
Published: August 2022

The article describes the factors justifying the need for the development of additional vocational education in the field of agriculture, its advantages over higher and secondary vocational education, regulatory and legislative acts that consolidate the demand for personnel training for agriculture, including areas of advanced training and professional retraining of agricultural workers. The modern level of agro-industrial complex personnel training through advanced training and professional retraining in the context of professional groups and specialties is analyzed.
Creating the source material white clover (Trifolium repens L.)
Authors: IVANOVA Alina
Published: August 2022

The results of creation of initial material of white clover are stated. The data of collection samples of varieties hollandicum and giganteum on the content of crude protein and cyanogenic glucosides in dry matter are shown. A comparative study of elite plants in a collection nursery was carried out. Parental pairs are selected for crossing. New early ripe F1 hybrids of white clover hay-pasture type of use have been created.
Results of competitive variety testing of red clover of tetraploid and diploid types
Authors: Novoselov Mikhail , Drobysheva Lyubov , Starshinova Ol'ga
Published: August 2022

The article presents the results of competitive variety testing of red clover in one test cycle. Promising cultivars have been identified for further research and the formation of adapted and ecologically differentiated varieties that combine high feed productivity with winter hardiness and longevity.
Deterministic Effects of Volatility on Mixed Frequency GARCH in Means MIDAS Model: Evidence from Turkey
Authors: ÖZSOY Fehmi , DOĞAN Nükhet
Published: August 2022

Volatility is a key concept for understanding the dual relationships between the economic variables since it is inversely related to the stability of economies. Many models such as GARCH models have been constructed through time to understand which determinants and conditions can affect the volatility. These models mostly show the significant relationships between the volatilities generated by the low frequency macroeconomic activities and the high frequency financial variables in a stochastic way. However, it is required to check whether there exist deterministic effects of volatilities on high frequency economic variables. In order to reveal these deterministic effects, we developed a new component-wise model, namely GARCH-M MIDAS model. We formulate this model on stock prices and exchange rates, in which long run volatility is driven by consumer price and industrial production indexes in a separate way. Hence, our empirical analysis supports that both types of the volatilities have statistically significant deterministic effects on the asset pricing of high frequency financial variables. We also find that macroeconomic activities have a significant role on the asset pricing in long horizons.
EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA
Authors: Abreu Gustavo Andrade , Portugal Nilton dos Santos , De Souza Mariana Aranha
Published: August 2022

Este artigo busca compreender a percepção de estudantes matriculados em polos de Educação a Distância de um Centro Universitário quanto às contribuições desta modalidade de ensino para com sua realização e formação pessoal e profissional. De natureza qualitativa, esta pesquisa tem como participantes 70 alunos de polos em 16 cidades pertencentes à Região do Sul de Minas Gerais. Tem-se como instrumentos de coleta de dados um questionário online, elaborado na plataforma Google Forms, que foi enviado para os alunos de forma online, por meio do e-mail institucional e cujos resultados foram analisados por meio da técnica da Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados apontaram a importância do polo na realização do curso EAD, na formação profissional e com relação ao trabalho e emprego. Muitos respondentes citam a existência do polo em sua cidade como um fator facilitador e de praticidade para a realização do curso. Uma maioria relevante considera importante a modalidade EAD em relação a formação e ainda a citam como fator de transformação e gerador de conhecimento.
Culture of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From the Infrapatellar Fat Pad Without Enzyme and Preliminary Study on the Repair of Articular Cartilage Defects in Rabbits
Authors: Fu Qiwei , Zhou Rong , Cao Jia , Chen Yi , Zhu Jun , Zhou Yiqin , Shao Jiahua , Xin Wei , Yuan Shuai
Published: August 2022

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the advantages of without enzyme isolating patellar fat pad-derived mesenchymal stem cells (IPFP-SCs) and the feasibility of cartilage repair.

Methods: The IPFP-SCs were isolated using the without enzyme method and compared with the IPFP-SCs obtained by the traditional enzyme digestion method in terms of cell proliferation ability, characterization, and differentiation ability, and the differences in chondrogenic induction and differentiation between the two groups were compared. Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6). After the articular cartilage defects were modeled, different preparations were injected into the joint cavity. The rabbits in the group A were injected with the mixture of IPFP-SCs and pure PRP (P-PRP), separated using the without enzyme method, while those in the group B were injected with the mixture of IPFP-SCs and P-PRP separated with the digestion method, while those in the group C were injected with SVF separated using the without enzyme method, and those in the group D were injected with normal saline. At 6 weeks and 12 weeks after operation, the cartilage repair of rabbit joint specimens was observed and evaluated by gross observation and histological staining, and the effects of different IPFP-SCs application forms in repairing cartilage defects were compared.

Results: The time required to obtain IPFP-SCs by enzyme-free isolation was significantly less than that by enzyme digestion, while the acquisition rate of primary cells was significantly lower than that by enzyme digestion. After culture and amplification, the two IPFP-SCs from different sources did not show significant differences in cell proliferation, cell phenotype, and differentiation ability. In animal experiments, groups A and B had the best effect on the repair of cartilage defects, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. The repair effect in group C was weaker than that in the former two groups, but it was relatively better than that in group D.

Conclusion: It is more time-saving to obtain IPFP-SCs by the without enzyme method than by enzymatic digestion, and there is no significant difference in cell identification and differentiation potential between the two methods. However, the rate of obtaining primary cells was significantly lower than that with the enzyme digestion method. IPFP-SCs showed good repair effect in the rabbit animal cartilage defect model, providing ideas and reference for the clinical application of stem cells in repairing articular cartilage.
Cultivating marine bacteria under laboratory conditions: Overcoming the “unculturable” dogma
Authors: Rodrigues Carlos J. C. , de Carvalho Carla C. C. R.
Published: August 2022

Underexplored seawater environments may contain biological resources with potential for new biotechnological applications. Metagenomic techniques revolutionized the study of bacterial communities but culture dependent methods will still be important to help the biodiscovery of new products and enzymes from marine bacteria. In this context, we promoted the growth of bacteria from a marine rock pond by culture dependent techniques and compared the results with culture independent methods. The total number of bacteria and diversity were studied in different agar plate media during 6 weeks. Agar plate counting was of the same order of magnitude of direct microscopy counts. The highest efficiency of cultivation was 45% attained in marine agar medium. Molecular analysis revealed 10 different phyla of which only four were isolated by the culture dependent method. On the other hand, four taxonomic orders were detected by cultivation but not by the molecular technique. These include bacteria from the phyla Bacillota and Actinomycetota. Our study shows that it is possible to grow more than the traditionally considered 1% of bacteria from a seawater sample using standard agar plate techniques and laboratorial conditions. The results also demonstrate the importance of culture methods to grow bacteria not detected by molecular approaches for future biotechnological applications.
Proteasomal subunit depletions differentially affect germline integrity in C. elegans
Authors: Fernando Lourds Michelle , Quesada-Candela Cristina , Murray Makaelah , Ugoaru Caroline , Yanowitz Judith L. , Allen Anna K.
Published: August 2022

The 26S proteasome is a multi-subunit protein complex that is canonically known for its ability to degrade proteins in cells and maintain protein homeostasis. Non-canonical or non-proteolytic roles of proteasomal subunits exist but remain less well studied. We provide characterization of germline-specific functions of different 19S proteasome regulatory particle (RP) subunits in C. elegans using RNAi specifically from the L4 stage and through generation of endogenously tagged 19S RP lid subunit strains. We show functions for the 19S RP in regulation of proliferation and maintenance of integrity of mitotic zone nuclei, in polymerization of the synaptonemal complex (SC) onto meiotic chromosomes and in the timing of SC subunit redistribution to the short arm of the bivalent, and in turnover of XND-1 proteins at late pachytene. Furthermore, we report that certain 19S RP subunits are required for proper germ line localization of WEE-1.3, a major meiotic kinase. Additionally, endogenous fluorescent labeling revealed that the two isoforms of the essential 19S RP proteasome subunit RPN-6.1 are expressed in a tissue-specific manner in the hermaphrodite. Also, we demonstrate that the 19S RP subunits RPN-6.1 and RPN-7 are crucial for the nuclear localization of the lid subunits RPN-8 and RPN-9 in oocytes, further supporting the ability to utilize the C. elegans germ line as a model to study proteasome assembly real-time. Collectively, our data support the premise that certain 19S RP proteasome subunits are playing tissue-specific roles, especially in the germ line. We propose C. elegans as a versatile multicellular model to study the diverse proteolytic and non-proteolytic roles that proteasome subunits play in vivo.
Adsorption behavior of biochar pyrolyzed from barracuda grass for cadmium ions
Authors: Shao Yan , Chen Zhiliang , Zhang Zhonglei , Pang Jun , Li Yinyin , Zhu Jia , Zhang Gen , Wang Xiaoshu , Chang Ming , Wang Lei
Published: August 2022

This work investigated the removal of cadmium ions (Cd2+) by using biochar derived from Barracuda Grass. The biochars derived from the pyrolysis of roots (BGR), stems (BGS) and leaves (BGL) were characterized and their performance for cadmium adsorption was studied at varying parameters of temperature, time, and alkali (earth) metal concentrations. The maximum adsorption amount at equilibrium of BGR, BGS and BGL was determined experimentally as 8.38 mg/g, 42.12 mg/g, and 30.39 mg/g. Adsorption fitting results revealed that Cd2+ adsorbed on BGR and BGS preferred to be multilayer-covered, and BGL was more likely to have monolayer-covered functions. The kinetic data fitted well to the pseudo-second-order model (R2 > 0.99), revealing the adsorption process was a spontaneous monolayer chemisorption process. The results of alkaline (earth) metals leaching of biochar revealed that the inherent alkaline (earth) metals in biochar made inhibitory functions on the Cd2+ adsorption behavior by occupying the active sites. And in the process of wastewater treatment, the leaching of alkaline earth metals might enhance the complexation reaction between surface groups and Cd2+. This study provides a feasible strategy for the resource utilization of abundant hydrophytic plants in waste management.
Escherichia coli O88 induces intestinal damage and inflammatory response through the oxidative phosphorylation and ribosome pathway in Pekin ducks
Authors: Li Chong , Li Shuzhen , Liu Jinmei , Cai Huiyi , Liu Guohua , Deng Xuejuan , Chang Wenhuan
Published: August 2022

Colibacillosis is one of the major health threats in the poultry industry worldwide. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms involved in Escherichia coli-induced inflammatory response may lead to the development of new therapies to combat the disease. To address this, a total of 96 1-day-old male lean Pekin ducklings were employed and randomly allocated to two treatments, each with six replicates of eight ducks. Ducks in the experiment group (EG) and the control group (CG) were separately orally administered with 0.2 ml of pathogenic E. coli O88 (3 × 109 CFU/ml) or equivalent volumes of 0.9% sterile saline solution on day 7, two times with an 8-h interval. Serum and intestinal samples were collected on days 9, 14, and 28. Results showed that ducks challenged with E. coli had lower average daily gain and higher feed intake/weight gain during days 9–14 and overall (P < 0.05). Histopathological examination showed that E. coli decreased the villus height and the ratio of villus height/crypt depth in the jejunum (P < 0.05) on days 9 and 14. The intestinal barrier was disrupted, presenting in E. coli ducks having higher serum DAO and D-LA on days 9 and 14 (P < 0.05) and greater content of serum LPS on day 9 (P < 0.05). Escherichia coli infection also triggered a systemic inflammatory response including the decrease of the serum IgA, IgM, and jejunal sIgA on day 14 (P < 0.05). In addition to these, 1,062 differentially expressed genes were detected in the jejunum tissues of ducks by RNA-seq, consisting of 491 upregulated and 571 downregulated genes. Based on the KEGG database, oxidative phosphorylation and the ribosome pathway were the most enriched. These findings reveal the candidate pathways and genes that may be involved in E. coli infection, allow a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of inflammation progression and may facilitate the genetic improvement of ducks, and provide further insights to tackle the drug sensitivity and animal welfare issues.
The Kake Climate Partnership: Implementing a knowledge co-production framework to provide climate services in Southeast Alaska
Authors: Figus Elizabeth , Ki'yee Jackson Burt , Trainor Sarah F.
Published: August 2022

This paper provides a case study analysis of knowledge co-production with an Indigenous community and Tribe in Southeast Alaska. The 24-month study provided climate services and information in support of climate adaptation and mitigation with community identified priorities of food sovereignty and food security. Our objectives are to (1) describe an application of a theoretical framework that is specific to co-production among Indigenous and non-Indigenous partners, and (2) reflect on the ways in which this application supports relevance and use of climate services in an Indigenous community. Methods included text analysis of written research logs, review of monthly project briefings and structured discussions among a diverse author team. We found that co-production can be used to explicitly define a collective vision among partners that is a transformative way of doing applied climate and environmental science. As such, the role of the university researcher shifted from focusing on personal research interests to a focus on supporting local needs and priorities. When the climate services process is centered on Tribal and community priorities and locally identified science needs, the climate science aspect becomes just one element in the implementation of a larger local vision and goals. Challenges our team encountered during the study were related to logistics, communication, juggling priorities of multiple partners, capacity, and conducting community-based research during a global pandemic. We recommend that future efforts to co-produce climate services through research, adaptation planning, and mitigation be institutionalized and maintained over decadal, not annual, timescales.
Case report: Case series of isolated acute pericarditis after SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations
Authors: Ochs Marco M. , Haass Markus , Hagstotz Saskia , Giusca Sorin , Korosoglou Grigorios
Published: August 2022

During the worldwide ongoing immunization campaign against SARS-CoV-2, growing data on very rare but potentially harmful side effects of such vaccines arise since approval trials have not been adequately powered to detect those events. Besides the already reported vaccine-related myocarditis, which primarily occurs in young male individuals, our attention was recently drawn to a series of older male and female patients, who were referred to our institutions with isolated acute pericarditis without myocardial damage, shortly after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We describe a series of five adult patients presenting with chest pain, shortness of breath and isolated pericarditis with and without pericardial effusion after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. All patients underwent echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance, and the corresponding findings, including late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and T1 and T2 mapping are reported herein. To our knowledge, such cases have not been systematically reported in the current literature so far.
Turning data into better mental health: Past, present, and future
Authors: Moukaddam Nidal , Sano Akane , Salas Ramiro , Hammal Zakia , Sabharwal Ashutosh
Published: August 2022

In this mini-review, we discuss the fundamentals of using technology in mental health diagnosis and tracking. We highlight those principles using two clinical concepts: (1) cravings and relapse in the context of addictive disorders and (2) anhedonia in the context of depression. This manuscript is useful for both clinicians wanting to understand the scope of technology use in psychiatry and for computer scientists and engineers wishing to assess psychiatric frameworks useful for diagnosis and treatment. The increase in smartphone ownership and internet connectivity, as well as the accelerated development of wearable devices, have made the observation and analysis of human behavior patterns possible. This has, in turn, paved the way to understand mental health conditions better. These technologies have immense potential in facilitating the diagnosis and tracking of mental health conditions; they also allow the implementation of existing behavioral treatments in new contexts (e.g., remotely, online, and in rural/underserved areas), and the possibility to develop new treatments based on new understanding of behavior patterns. The path to understand how to best use technology in mental health includes the need to match interdisciplinary frameworks from engineering/computer sciences and psychiatry. Thus, we start our review by introducing bio-behavioral sensing, the types of information available, and what behavioral patterns they may reflect and be related to in psychiatric diagnostic frameworks. This information is linked to the use of functional imaging, highlighting how imaging modalities can be considered “ground truth” for mental health/psychiatric dimensions, given the heterogeneity of clinical presentations, and the difficulty of determining what symptom corresponds to what disease. We then discuss how mental health/psychiatric dimensions overlap, yet differ from, psychiatric diagnoses. Using two clinical examples, we highlight the potential agreement areas in assessment/management of anhedonia and cravings. These two dimensions were chosen because of their link to two very prevalent diseases worldwide: depression and addiction. Anhedonia is a core symptom of depression, which is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Cravings, the urge to use a substance or perform an action (e.g., shopping, internet), is the leading step before relapse. Lastly, through the manuscript, we discuss potential mental health dimensions.
Petrogenesis of Havre Volcano in the Kermadec Arc: 2012 Eruption of a Chemically Homogeneous Rhyolite
Authors: Knafelc J. , Gust D. , Bryan S. E. , Anderson M. , Cathey H. E.
Published: August 2022

The 2012 Havre submarine eruption produced a 1.5 km3bulk rock volume or 0.52 km3dense rock equivalent volume of rhyolite emplaced as minor lava flows, a field of sunken seafloor pumice, and a volumetrically dominant pumice raft. This moderately large volume of medium-K (1.4–1.6 wt% K2O) rhyolite pumice is relatively chemically homogeneous (71.5–73.0 wt% SiO2), and no trace element variation or cryptic zoning has been detected despite the textural diversity of pumice material. Radiogenic isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr 0.703693–0.703744;206Pb/204Pb 18.7648–18.7781;208Pb/204Pb 38.587–38.605;143Nd/144Nd 0.513001–0.513020) demonstrate the Havre rhyolite is sourced from mantle similar to regional eruptive products of the Kermadec arc volcanic front. Providing some further insight into the Havre magmatic system is an abundance of diverse volcanic rock fragments primarily embedded in the banded raft pumice. Embedded rock fragments represent a variety of fresh to hydrothermally altered lavas ranging in composition from basaltic to rhyolitic (50.6–72.3 wt% SiO2) and are likely sourced from varying depths within the volcanic conduit during explosive fragmentation. The diverse embedded volcanic rock fragments, therefore, represent earlier erupted lavas that constructed Havre volcano and are snapshots of the petrogenetic history of Havre. Magnesian augite in basaltic to basaltic andesite embedded rock fragments has a similar compositional range (En55Fs12Wo33to En39Fs26Wo35) to the previously documented antecrystic clinopyroxene observed in the 2012 rhyolite pumice raft. Herein, we explain how this large volume of chemically homogeneous crystal-poor rhyolite can be generated in an oceanic arc setting based on major and trace element petrogenetic models. Rhyolite-MELTS crystal fractionation models indicate the antecrystic mineral compositions within the Havre pumice of plagioclase (An55–78), and magnesian augites (En53Fs10Wo37to En40Fs26Wo34) are the primary phases that would crystallize in basaltic to andesitic melt compositions. Modeling indicates that the forerunner basaltic magma must be a relatively dry (∼1 wt% H20) low-K tholeiitic basalt in composition and would require ∼78% crystallization at different pressures to ultimately generate the Havre 2012 rhyolite.
“Text” interaction in EFL virtual classroom during the COVID-19 era: Actual use and sense of virtual community
Authors: Amekhlafy Sultan Saleh Ahmed , Alqahtani Abdullah Ayidh J.
Published: August 2022

The era of COVID-19 compelled universities to design and deliver courses online. However, the successful design and delivery of online courses should embrace community. This study correlates the actual use of text interaction in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) virtual classes (VC) and its impact on the sense of virtual community (SOVC). To achieve the study’s goal, three groups of preparatory year (PY) students at Najran University studying online through Blackboard in the era of COVID-19 represent the participants. The study used data sources of the analysis of nine archival data of Reading course, Listening and Speaking course, and Writing course VC using Schullo model and the SOVC questionnaire adopted from Koh and Kim and an individual interview of nine instructors to get thorough interpretations of text interaction during VC. The study provided detailed information about what type(s) of text interaction participants used in EFL virtual classrooms. It also explored the impact of VC text interaction on EFL students’ SOVC. The study found that text interaction in EFL VC enhanced students’ SOVC. The findings supported that text interaction had both academic and social values. The study contributed to the theory of SOVC and brought recommendations on how educators can take advantage of VC text interaction in the EFL context.
Distinct impacts of fat and fructose on the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue metabolome: An integrated view
Authors: Meneses Maria João , Sousa-Lima Inês , Jarak Ivana , Raposo João F. , Alves Marco G. , Macedo Maria Paula
Published: August 2022

Objective

In the last years, changes in dietary habits have contributed to the increasing prevalence of metabolic disorders, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The differential burden of lipids and fructose on distinct organs needs to be unveiled. Herein, we hypothesized that high-fat and high-fructose diets differentially affect the metabolome of insulin-sensitive organs such as the liver, muscle, and different adipose tissue depots.

Methods

We have studied the impact of 12 weeks of a control (11.50% calories from fat, 26.93% from protein, and 61.57% from carbohydrates), high-fat/sucrose (HFat), or high-fructose (HFruct) feeding on C57Bl/6J male mice. Besides glucose homeostasis, we analyzed the hepatic levels of glucose and lipid-metabolism-related genes and the metabolome of the liver, the muscle, and white (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) depots.

Results

HFat diet led to a more profound impact on hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism than HFruct, with mice presenting glucose intolerance, increased saturated fatty acids, and no glycogen pool, yet both HFat and HFruct presented hepatic insulin resistance. HFat diet promoted a decrease in glucose and lactate pools in the muscle and an increase in glutamate levels. While HFat had alterations in BAT metabolites that indicate increased thermogenesis, HFruct led to an increase in betaine, a protective metabolite against fructose-induced inflammation.

Conclusions

Our data illustrate that HFat and HFruct have a negative but distinct impact on the metabolome of the liver, muscle, WAT, and BAT.
Sex-specific impact of diabetes on all-cause mortality among adults with acute myocardial infarction: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis, 1988-2021
Authors: Ding Qinglan , Funk Marjorie , Spatz Erica S. , Lin Haiqun , Batten Janene , Wu Emily , Whittemore Robin
Published: August 2022

Background

The prevalence of diabetes and its impact on mortality after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are well-established. Sex-specific analyses of the impact of diabetes on all-cause mortality after AMI have not been updated and comprehensively investigated.

Objective

To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis that examined sex-specific short-term, mid-term and long-term all-cause mortality associated with diabetes among AMI survivors (diabetes versus non-diabetes patients in men and women separately), using up-to-date data.

Methods

We systematically searched Embase and MEDLINE for studies that were published from inception to November 14, 2021. Studies were included if (1) they studied post-AMI all-cause-mortality in patients with and without diabetes, (2) sex-specific all-cause mortality at short-term (in-hospital or within 90 days after discharge), mid-term (>90 days and within 5 years), and/or long-term (>5 years) were reported. From eligible studies, we used random effects meta-analyses models to estimate pooled unadjusted and adjusted sex-specific risk ratio (RR) of all-cause mortality at short-, mid-, and long-term follow-up for adults with diabetes compared with those without diabetes.

Results

Of the 3647 unique studies identified, 20 studies met inclusion criteria. In the unadjusted analysis (Total N=673,985; women=34.2%; diabetes patients=19.6%), patients with diabetes were at a higher risk for all-cause mortality at short-term (men: RR, 2.06; women: RR, 1.83); and mid-term follow-up (men: RR, 1.69; women: RR, 1.52) compared with those without diabetes in both men and women. However, when adjusted RRs were used (Total N=7,144,921; women=40.0%; diabetes patients=28.4%), the associations between diabetes and all-cause mortality in both men and women were attenuated, but still significantly elevated for short-term (men: RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.12-1.20; women: RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.15-1.46), mid-term (men: RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.31-1.46; women: RR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.20-1.58), and long-term mortality (men: RR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.22-2.05; women: RR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.25-2.47). In men, all-cause mortality risk associated with diabetes tended to increase with the duration of follow-up (p<0.0001).

Conclusions

Diabetes has substantial and sustained effects on post-AMI all-cause mortality at short-term, mid-term and long-term follow-up, regardless of sex. Tailoring AMI treatment based on patients’ diabetes status, duration of follow-up and sex may help narrow the gap in all-cause mortality between patients with diabetes and those without diabetes.
Investigation of the scavenging process in two-stroke uniflow scavenging marine engines by a real-time multi-stage model
Authors: Liu Dai , Han Xiao , Liu Long , Ma Xiuzhen
Published: August 2022

The increasing demand of digital twin marine engine requires real-time physical models for prediction. In two-stroke uniflow scavenging marine engines, a real-time physical model for the scavenging process is rarely found since it is difficult to describe the complex in-cylinder air motion. Without an accurate prediction of the fresh air loss and residual burned gas in the cylinder, the precision of combustion and emission simulation cannot be guaranteed as well. In a marine engine digital twin system, the scavenging ratio and fresh air skip are the vital for the further simulation of combustion and emission. To predict them in real-time, a novel zero-dimensional (0D) multi-stage scavenging model is proposed in this article. In the cylinder zone, the complex gas motion is ideally divided to four stages: exhaust gas blowdown, perfect displacement, displacement-mixing, and perfect mixing. The duration of each stage is determined by the engine design and control parameters. Then, the thermodynamic conditions at each stage are simulated to obtain the mass of residual burned gas, fresh air inlet, and outlet. The results of the 0D model agree well with the results of the CFD simulation, and the mean relative errors of temperature, pressure, and total mass do not exceed 3%, 4%, and 2%, respectively, which indicates the potential for the two-stroke marine engine digital twin system. It could also be applied in a control-oriental engine model or engine diagnostics in the future.
Remote sensing modeling of environmental influences on lake fish resources by machine learning: A practice in the largest freshwater lake of China
Authors: Chen Tan , Song Chunqiao , Fan Chenyu , Gao Xin , Liu Kai , Li Zhen , Cheng Jian , Zhan Pengfei
Published: August 2022

Climate change and human interference pose a significant threat to fishery habitats and fish biodiversity, leading to changes in fishery resources. However, the impact of environmental change on lake fishery resources has been largely blurred in assessments due to the complicated variables of the lake environment. Here, taking the largest freshwater lake (Poyang Lake) in China as a study case, we first proposed a conceptual model and simulated the effect of environmental variables on fish catches based on remote sensing techniques and machine learning algorithms. We found that the hydrometeorological conditions of fishery habitats are critical controlling factors affecting the fish catches in Poyang Lake through a long time series of simulations. Among the involved hydrometeorological variables, the temperature, precipitation, and water level are strongly correlated with the fish catches in the simulation experiments. Furthermore, we tested other experiments and found that the integration with water quality variables (correlation coefficient (R) increased by 11%, and root mean square error (RMSE) decreased by 2,600 tons) and water ecological variables (R increased by 17%, and RMSE decreased by 3,200 tons) can further improve the accuracy of fish catch simulation. The results also showed that fish catches of aquatic species in Poyang Lake are more susceptible to water ecological variables than water quality refers to the model performance improvements by different input variable selections. In addition, a multi-dimension variable combination involving hydrometeorological conditions, water quality, and water ecological variables derived from remote sensing can maximally optimize the model performance of fish catch simulation (R increased by 21%, and RMSE decreased by 4,300 tons). The approach developed in this study can save the labor and financial costs for large-area investigation and the assessment of lake fishery resources compared to conventional methods. It is expected to demonstrate an efficient way for public authorities, stakeholders, and decision-makers to guide fishery conservation and management strategies.
The relationship between air pollution and company risk-taking: The moderating role of digital finance
Authors: Li Xiuping , Yang Ye
Published: August 2022

Air pollution, an influencing factor for decision-making behavior, is closely related to company risk-taking, which affects high-quality economic development. Based on a fixed effect model, using the panel data of non-financial listed companies from China’s A-share markets from 2011 to 2019, this study empirically analyzes the influence of air pollution on company risk-taking and the moderating role of digital finance. The benchmark regression results reveal that air pollution has a significantly negative impact on company risk-taking. Mechanism analysis reveals that digital finance that is not “green development-oriented” can strengthen such relationship. The results of the heterogeneity analysis demonstrate that the negative impact of air pollution on risk-taking is more significant within private companies and those located in the eastern and central regions. Digital finance impacts companies with strict financing constraints more significantly. This study provides a reference for reducing the negative impact of air pollution on high-quality economic development.
Oncogenic signaling pathway dysregulation landscape reveals the role of pathways at multiple omics levels in pan-cancer
Authors: Wang Na , He Dan-Ni , Wu Zhe-Yu , Zhu Xu , Wen Xiao-Ling , Li Xu-Hua , Guo Yu , Wang Hong-Jiu , Wang Zhen-Zhen
Published: August 2022

Dysregulation of signaling pathways plays an essential role in cancer. However, there is not a comprehensive understanding on how oncogenic signaling pathways affect the occurrence and development with a common molecular mechanism of pan-cancer. Here, we investigated the oncogenic signaling pathway dysregulation by using multi-omics data on patients from TCGA from a pan-cancer perspective to identify commonalities across different cancer types. First, the pathway dysregulation profile was constructed by integrating typical oncogenic signaling pathways and the gene expression of TCGA samples, and four molecular subtypes with significant phenotypic and clinical differences induced by different oncogenic signaling pathways were identified: TGF-β+ subtype; cell cycle, MYC, and NF2− subtype; cell cycle and TP53+ subtype; and TGF-β and TP53− subtype. Patients in the TGF-β+ subtype have the best prognosis; meanwhile, the TGF-β+ subtype is associated with hypomethylation. Moreover, there is a higher level of immune cell infiltration but a slightly worse survival prognosis in the cell cycle, MYC, and NF2− subtype patients due to the effect of T-cell dysfunction. Then, the prognosis and subtype classifiers constructed by differential genes on a multi-omics level show great performance, indicating that these genes can be considered as biomarkers with potential therapeutic and prognostic significance for cancers. In summary, our study identified four oncogenic signaling pathway–driven patterns presented as molecular subtypes and their related potential prognostic biomarkers by integrating multiple omics data. Our discovery provides a perspective for understanding the role of oncogenic signaling pathways in pan-cancer.
Ferroptosis-related gene expression in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia
Authors: Ding Yuzhen , Yang Xiaofeng , Han Xiaoxue , Shi Meiting , Sun Lu , Liu Mengyuan , Zhang Ping , Huang Zhengrui , Yang Xiuli , Li Ruiman
Published: August 2022

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Placental oxidative stress has been identified as a major pathway to the development of PE. Ferroptosis is a new form of regulated cell death that is associated with iron metabolism and oxidative stress, and likely mediates PE pathogenesis. The aim of the study was to identify the key molecules involved in ferroptosis to further explore the mechanism of ferroptosis in PE.

Methods: Gene expression data and clinical information were downloaded from the GEO database. The limma R package was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and intersected with ferroptosis genes. The GO and KEGG pathways were then analyzed. Next, hub genes were identified via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Receiver operating curves (ROCs) were performed for diagnostic and Pearson’s correlation of hub genes and clinicopathological characteristics. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were used to verify the expression of hub genes.

Results: A total of 3,142 DEGs were identified and 30 ferroptosis-related DEGs were obtained. In addition, ferroptosis-related pathways were enriched by GO and KEGG using DEGs. Two critical modules and six hub genes that were highly related to diagnosis of PE were identified through WGCNA. The analysis of the clinicopathological features showed that NQO1 and SRXN1 were closely correlated with PE characteristics and diagnosis. Finally, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed that the expression of the SRXN1 protein in the placental tissue of patients with PE was significantly elevated, while the expression of NQO1 was significantly decreased.

Conclusions: SRXN1 and NQO1 may be key ferroptosis-related proteins in the pathogenesis of PE. The study may provide a theoretical and experimental basis for revealing the pathogenesis of PE and improving the diagnosis of PE.