bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Damage of Nanoprobes and How to Prevent It
Authors: Anderson N. T. , Lockledge S. P.
Published: October 2022

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can easily damage the nanoprobes used in the failure analysis of semiconductor devices. Nanoprobes with tips that have radii of curvature of a few nanometers are especially sensitive to ESD damage, because applying even modest electrical potentials leads to high electrical fields at the tip of the sharp probe. ESD damage has been used as an umbrella explanation to explain a variety of probe failures and undesirable tip features, but due to the stochastic nature of these events, its effect on nanoprobes has hitherto not been well documented. This paper describes the effect that ESD events have on the tip profile of nanoprobes and describes best practices so that such events can be more readily diagnosed and prevented by nanoprobe users. The likelihood of an ESD event occurring can be reduced by eliminating potential differences between users and the probes and by regulating laboratory humidity levels.
Inspection of Charge Effect on Metal Layer by Using SCM
Authors: Lee Gyubaek , Park Daehe , Kim Minjung
Published: October 2022

The importance of charging damage grows as the IC industry continues downward scaling. It was found that electrical test on metal pad to check contact failure, layer connection and resistance caused charging damage as serious as plasma charging. As for the side effect of it, DC charge is accumulated on the metal TEG, which causes some failure such as incomplete etch problems in the next metal fabrication. This paper provides that charge effect on metal surface is able to be verified by Scanning Capacitance Microscope (SCM). SCM has been used to analyze carrier trap on semiconductor layer in 2D mapping image as well as dopant distribution. In this paper, we will present SCM as more effective and sensitive than contact based DC-EFM (Electrostatic Force Microscope) and verify how to detect the charge on the surface of metal with a physical model based on a parasitic capacitance. It is possible to analyze MIM (Metal-Insulator-Metal) structure because permittivity of insulator is varied like MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) for induced dielectric dipole polarization. Even though it is required to deposit additional insulator layer on a metal, it is highly beneficial to inspect charge effect during post-processing.
Complementary Fault Isolation Procedures Combining Laser Voltage Probing/Imaging and Lock-In Thermography—Case Studies
Authors: Lee Sukho , van Veenhuizen Marc
Published: October 2022

Failure analysis engineers apply a combination of conventional static fault isolation tools such as OBIRCH, PEM, or lock-in thermography (LIT) to detect simple short defects. However, if the defect is located in a complex circuit, analysis can be more challenging. Laser voltage probing and imaging (LVx) is widely used but will have difficulty in localizing a defect in the backend layers. The combination of LVx and LIT can resolve complex short cases that either of these techniques alone cannot easily do. This paper introduces the thermal effect of LVx and applications of LIT for functional analysis, and it describes and provides case histories for complementary fault isolation procedures for detecting defects in metal layers and transistors.
Failure Analysis Methodology Comparison to Define Potential Root Cause on Lifted Copper Ball Bond
Authors: Hoon Ong Pei , Yee Tan Sze , Wee Lo Chea
Published: October 2022

Copper (Cu) material was extensively studied in the past years and widely implemented in high volume wire bonding process as a replacement of Gold (Au) material during semiconductor device fabrication. No doubt, Cu wire provide low cost alternative to gold with higher thermal and electrical conductivity, but it does pose some drawback especially after reliability stress. One of the most common problem was ball lifted after component gone through several reliability stress tests. In this paper, several FA analytical techniques and procedures will be discussed in detail to demonstrate the use of these techniques in ball lifting investigation.
AKONIS—SIMS Excellence Brought To The Fab
Authors: Robbes AS. , Dulac O. , Soulard K. , Liu R. , Choi S. , Salle B. , Jacobson D.
Published: October 2022

This paper describes the new Cameca Akonis secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) tool, which was developed to fill a critical gap in semiconductor fabrication processes by providing high throughput, high precision detection for implant profiles, composition analysis, and interfacial data directly in the semiconductor manufacturing line. The system enables automation in the primary ion column to ensure repeatability across tools for fabrication-level process control and tool-to-tool matching.
AI Application in Yield and Failure Analysis to Reduce Overall Time-to-Defect and Failure Root-Cause Isolation
Authors: Suthar Sailesh , Lay Goh Lay
Published: October 2022

This paper presents conceptual application of AI in Failure Analysis to connect to various databases in semiconductor manufacturing and generating interactive data visualization to isolate root cause of failure faster vs traditional methods. Generally available low-cost software application like Microsoft Power BI (Business Intelligence) is utilized to visualize big data to isolate failure modes at wafer, die, and package level. This historic data visualization knowledge is further used by failure analyst to process failure mode isolation much faster based on failed package unit history. Semiconductor manufacturing companies have various big data such as wafer fab processing, die level test, or wafer sort and packaged die testing including customer return. MS Power BI application has ability to connect to these separate big databases and create unified data visualization to isolate failure modes through faster inter-connectivity and "connecting the dots" to provide bigger picture or drill down to finer unit level detail. This level of visualization utilizes already available info/data to help reduce overall time-to-defect. With this failure background, engineers can plan fault isolation and analysis and reduce overall time to find root-cause of failure.
Die Level Traceability as an Essential Tool in Failure Analysis and the Road to Zero Defects
Authors: Estores Rommel , Salimbangon Jon Carlo
Published: October 2022

The success of failure analysis and related investigations rely on the quality of information made available to the investigating team. When die level traceability (DLT) is implemented on the product, the actual location of a particular unit in the wafer and all the available data can be traced back and pieced together to reveal insights on the possible root cause( s). The data for the specific unit can be determined, then analyzed and compared with the lot distribution to check for any information that could help the analyses and investigations. With access to the original data, a failing unit can be investigated to determine which data have changed which can prove essential to the direction of failure analysis approach. Four case studies will be discussed to demonstrate how DLT enabled fast, accurate and detailed root-cause identification leading to effective corrective and preventive actions.
An Innovative Technique for Large-Scale Delayering of Semiconductor Devices with Nanometric-Scale Surface Flatness
Authors: Nowakowski P. , Liu J. , Boccabella M. , Ray M. , Fischione P.
Published: October 2022

We describe a fully integrated solution for millimeter-scale delayering of both logic and memory semiconductor devices. The flatness of the delayered device is controlled by an artificial intelligence algorithm, which uses feedback from multiple analytical detectors to control milling parameter adjustments in real time. The result is the precise removal of device layers and a highly planar surface.
Case Study on Sample Preparation Method to Eliminate the Artifact for Auger Analysis on Bond Pad
Authors: Somu Hemalatha
Published: October 2022

In today’s advanced technology world, electronic devices are playing a key role in modern semiconductor products to improve the energy proficiency. These devices are required to be contamination free especially on the bond pad with good adhesion before wire bonding process at the back end. Contamination on the bond pad leads to reliability issues such as pad corrosion, delamination and failure leading to leakage and open fails of electronic devices. Therefore, detection accuracy and sensibility of contamination is important. Auger analysis is the most suitable technique to check bond pad contamination. Auger electron spectroscopy has the capability of analyzing compositional information with excellent spatial resolution. However, charging, noise or artifact is known to be a major concern to the characterization of insulating materials. This paper outlines the strategy that has been utilized to minimize the artifact, noise or charging impact for Auger investigation on a smaller bond pad surrounded by imide passivation layers. The imide passivation layer normally causes the charging effect during Auger analysis, which makes the Auger analysis difficult to be proceed. In addition to that, the charging effect leads to inaccurate analysis. In this paper, we demonstrate a sample preparation method to minimize the charging and artifact of Auger analysis especially for small bond pads.
Yield Basics for Failure Analysts (2022 Update)
Authors: Albert Dave , Meyers Tracy
Published: October 2022

This presentation provides an overview of the terminology and concepts associated with semiconductor yield analysis, modeling, and improvement techniques. It compares and contrasts yield models and describes the steps and equipment involved in setting up yield engineering programs targeting specific failures and defects. It also includes case histories showing how different yield analysis models have been used to identify the root cause of random and systematic failures.
Photonic Localization Techniques (2022 Update)
Authors: Boit Christian
Published: October 2022

This presentation provides an overview of photonic measurement techniques and their use in isolating faults and locating defects in ICs. It covers transmission, reflectance, and absorption methods, describing key interactions and important parameters and equations. Reflectance methods discussed include electro-optical probing (EOP), electro-optical frequency modulation (EOFM), and laser-voltage imaging (LVI). Absorption methods covered include those based on the absorption of light in semiconductors, as in optical beam induced current (OBIC), light-induced voltage alteration (LIVA), and laser-assisted device alteration (LADA), and those based on absorption in metals, as in thermally induced voltage alteration (TIVA), optical beam induced resistance change (OBIRCH), and thermoelectric voltage generation or Seebeck effect imaging (SEI). The presentation also covers thermoluminescence (lock-in thermography) and electroluminescence (photon emission) measurement methods and assesses hardware security risks posed by current and emerging photonic localization techniques.
Technique Selection for the Front End of Line Defect Localization in Bulk Si FA (2022 Update)
Authors: Johnson Greg
Published: October 2022

This presentation is a pictorial guide to the selection and application of measurement methods for defect localization. The presentation covers passive voltage contrast (PVC), nanoprobing, conductive atomic force microscopy, and photon emission microscopy (PEM). It describes signal types, how the measurements are made, the sensing mechanisms involved, and the output that can be expected.
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Techniques for Semiconductor Failure Analysis
Authors: Subramanian Sam , Ly Khiem , Chrastecky Tony
Published: October 2022

This presentation shows how transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used in semiconductor failure analysis to locate and identify defects based on their physical and elemental characteristics. It covers sample preparation methods for planar, cross-sectional, and elemental analysis, reviews the capabilities of different illumination and imaging modes, and shows how beam-specimen interactions are employed in energy dispersive (EDS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). It describes the various ways transmission electron microscopes can be configured for elemental analysis and mapping and reviews the advantages of scanning TEM (STEM) approaches. It also provides an introduction to energy-filtered TEM (EFTEM) and how it compares with other TEM imaging techniques.
Machine Learning Based Data and Signal Analysis Methods for Application in Failure Analysis (2022 Update)
Authors: Kögel Michael , Brand Sebastian , Altmann Frank
Published: October 2022

This presentation is an introduction to machine learning techniques and their application in semiconductor failure analysis. The presentation compares and contrasts supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning methods, particularly for neural networks, and lays out the steps of a typical machine learning workflow, including the assessment of data quality. It also presents case studies in which machine learning is used to detect and classify circuit board defects and analyze scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) data for blind source separation.
Analytical Techniques for Contamination Troubleshooting
Authors: Chia Victor K.F.
Published: October 2022

This presentation provides a systematic approach for assessing contamination risks in semiconductor manufacturing environments and determining an appropriate course of action. It maps out a typical wafer production line and identifies potential entry points for specific contaminants. It explains how to perform a contamination risk assessment and prioritize action items and how to select an analytical technique based on where, in the stack, the contaminant resides. It highlights the differences between direct and indirect techniques and shows where they are likely to be used. It also presents a detailed analytical decision flow chart and three concise case studies.
A Pragmatic Function-Position Analysis of Address Terms: Tendencies in Turkish
Authors: ÖZER Nuriye , İBE AKCAN Pınar
Published: October 2022

This study, with the broader aim of describing the addressing system in Turkish, analyzes the addressing terms as inseparable parts of communication, in terms of their sentential positions, pragmatic functions and function-position mapping properties on the database of Turkish National Corpus and presents the findings within a synthesis of broader literature on different languages. With that purpose in mind, three research questions will be answered. The first one is about the pragmatic functions of address terms in Turkish in the corpus data, the second one is about the interaction of these functions with their sentential positions and third one is about the extent to which the findings of the study and the findings in the literature for other languages. A specified sub-set from the Turkish National Corpus (TNCV3) (Aksan, 2012) was used as the database of pieces of natural language. The three major findings of the study are that Turkish address terms have ten basic functions, these functions occur in four different sentential positions, there are some tendencies in function-position mappings and that although there are Turkish specific aspects, correspondences with the studies especially in English are much more. With its Turkish specific findings, the study will hopefully contribute to the analyses of the addressing systems in languages as a whole.
Atık Mısır Koçanı Takviyeli Polyester Kompozit Üretimi ve Karakterizasyonu
Authors: ORHAN Ramazan , AYDOĞMUŞ Ercan
Published: October 2022

In this study, waste corncobs are ground and used in the polyester composite. Homogeneous distribution is provided by mixing it into unsaturated polyester (UP) as a filler under laboratory conditions. Then, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) and cobalt octoate (Co Oc) catalysts are added to the mixture. After mixing the additives and fillers used in certain amounts for a short time, the polyester composites are poured into standard molds and waited for curing. The density, Shore D hardness, and thermal decomposition behavior of the composite obtained after curing have been investigated. As the amount of corncob in the mixture increases, the density of the polyester composite decreases. Besides, the rise in the ratio of this filler in the mixture also increases the porosity of the polyester composite. In the thermal conductivity measurements, it is seen that the thermal conductivity coefficient of the polyester composite increases, albeit slightly, according to the increasing amount of filler. Also, corncob reinforcement reduces both Shore D hardness and activation energy of the polyester composite. According to the results obtained, it was observed that the use of corncob reinforcement above 3 wt.% negatively affected the surface morphology and mechanical properties of the composite. While obtaining an economical and light polyester composite, attention should be paid to the amount of filler so that both thermal and mechanical properties are not weakened.
Changing Times - A Time for Change
Authors: Raved Noga , Yahel Havatzelet
Published: October 2022

The current research analyzes worldwide trends in which museums acted in response to a new global social health order. It is based on information from a survey we conducted among members of the International Committee of Regional Museums in addition to other surveys conducted by international museums and cultural bodies. We tried to understand how museums can remain relevant to their audiences, how they might evolve in this changing environment, and how they operate to reflect the new situation. Our main findings show that various methods were used, including shifting to digital platforms, changing physical operations, refocusing on local audiences, collecting materials relating to the COVID-19 crisis, and curating special exhibitions dedicated to the pandemic and its impact on daily lives.
The Future of Museums
Authors: Barker Craig , Robinson Helena , Flexner James L. , Lawrenson Anna , Burchmore Alex
Published: October 2022

The following conversation took place on 18 May 2021 during a panel discussion to coincide with marking the six months since the opening of the Chau Chak Wing Museum at the University of Sydney, along with the annual occurrence of International Museum Day.
Reappraising Expropriations
Authors: Lidchi Henrietta
Published: October 2022

The attack on Benin City by British forces in 1897 has evolved into a symbol in the twenty-first century of the contested legacy of taking in military colonial conflicts. This revolves around questions of legitimacy of retention and, in a more focused manner, on the question of military looting. A number of scholars have written about the looting activities of British and other European forces concerning Yuanmingyuan (Tythacott 2018), Tibet (Carrington 2003; Harris 2012), and Benin City (Bodenstein 2018, 2020/1, 2022; Eyo 1997; Hicks 2020; Igbare 1970, 2007; Lundén 2016; Plankensteiner 2007; Ratté 1972; Shyllon 2019) to mention but a few. Some historians have provided an overview of the system that British land and naval forces operated to expropriate, and manage the expropriation of, artworks during colonial conflicts in the nineteenth century and prior (Finn 2018; Hevia 1994; Hill 1999; Spiers 2020). As noted in other publications (Lidchi and Allan 2020b; Lidchi and Hartwell 2022), colonial military conventions and codes that historically governed the taking of objects changed over the centuries, and this renders them somewhat opaque regarding what was being allowed and disallowed and how this was implemented. These governance structures, understood and applied by British army and naval forces, as well as such entities as the presidency armies of the East India Company, were obviously part of the “extractive statecraft” (Finn 2018: 17) of British governments that deployed a range of economic and military strategies to constrain and, in many cases, humiliate those who resisted while expanding the boundaries of trade and empire.
Illuminating Dark Proteins using Reactome Pathways
Authors:   NYU School of Medicine New York, NY  USA, Matthews Lisa , Wu Guanming ,   Oregon Health & Science University Portland, OR  USA, Haw Robin ,   Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON  Canada, Brunson Timothy ,   Oregon Health & Science University Portland, OR  USA, Sanati Nasim ,   Oregon Health & Science University Portland, OR  USA, Shorser Solomon ,   Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON  Canada, Beavers Deidre ,   Oregon Health & Science University Portland, OR  USA, Conley Patrick , Stein Lincoln ,   Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON  Canada, D'Eustachio Peter ,   NYU School of Medicine New York, NY  USA
Published: October 2022

Diseases are often the consequence of proteins or protein complexes that are non-functional or that function improperly. An active area of research has focused on the identification of molecules that can interact with defective proteins and restore their function. While 22% percent of human proteins are estimated to be druggable, less than fifteen percent are targeted by FDA-approved drugs, and the vast majority of untargeted proteins are understudied or so-called "dark" proteins. Elucidation of the function of these dark proteins, particularly those in commonly drug-targeted protein families, may offer therapeutic opportunities for many diseases. Reactome is the most comprehensive, open-access pathway knowledgebase covering 2585 pathways and including 14246 reactions, 11088 proteins, 13984 complexes, and 1093 drugs. Placing dark proteins in the context of Reactome pathways provides a framework of reference for these proteins facilitating the generation of hypotheses for experimental biologists to develop targeted experiments, unravel the potential functions of these proteins, and then design drugs to manipulate them. To this end, we have trained a random forest with 106 protein/gene pairwise features collected from multiple resources to predict functional interactions between dark proteins and proteins annotated in Reactome and then developed three scores to measure the interactions between dark proteins and Reactome pathways based on enrichment analysis and fuzzy logic simulations. Literature evidence via manual checking and systematic NLP-based analysis support predicted interacting pathways for dark proteins. To visualize dark proteins in the context of Reactome pathways, we have also developed a new website, idg.reactome.org, by extending the Reactome web application with new features illustrating these proteins together with tissue-specific protein and gene expression levels and drug interactions.
12th International Conference on Educational Studies and Applied Linguistics
Authors: Ismail Rekan , Ghaleb Nawsha
Published: October 2022

Minor changes and improvements have been made to syllabi in the universities in Erbil-Kurdistan over the years. Hence, this research aims to bring to light the need for student-centered syllabus in Erbil- Kurdistan. It further aims to find out the degree to which the syllabi of syntax class are student-centered, assess the items mentioned in the syntax syllabi, and identify the frequency range of the existing student-centered factors. Additionally, it identifies the items in the syllabi that need to be modified towards a more student-centered format. Document review is adopted as a quantitative research tool for collecting data. 15 syllabi of syntax class have been collected in 8 public and private universities in Erbil-Kurdistan. To assess the learner-centeredness of the collected syllabi, the researchers adapted Cullen and Harris’ (2009) rubric in accordance to the syllabi in the universities in Kurdistan. The results show that syllabi of syntax class in the public and private universities in Erbil-Kurdistan are teacher-centered to a high degree. Moreover, the findings also show that the syllabi of syntax class would sound more student-centered if teachers start working on certain elements in their syllabi, such as accessibility of teacher, learning rationale, teacher’s role, student’s role, grades, feedback mechanisms, and revision/redoing. The results will benefit all the teachers in Erbil-Kurdistan and show them a clear picture of the state of their syllabi in terms of student-centeredness and encourage them to work on certain aspects in their syllabi to design a more student-centered syllabus.
A Simple Dynamic Model for Daily New Cases of COVID-19
Authors: Abusam Abdallah
Published: October 2022

A simple dynamic model is proposed for modeling the COVID-19 pandemic based on the number of daily new cases rather than their cumulative sum. The developed model was tested using data from the pandemic in the GCC countries. The model was found to fit well both single and multiple waves when both smoothed and unsmoothed profiles of the pandemic were used.
Rethinking the Infodemic
Authors: Rychnovská Dagmar
Published: October 2022

The discourse on the infodemic constructs the combination of thepandemic and disinformation as a new source of insecurity on a globalscale. How can we make sense – analytically and politically– of this newlypoliticized nexus of public health, information management, and globalsecurity? This article proposes approaching the phenomenon of theinfodemic as an intersecting securitization of information disorder andhealth governance. Specifically, it argues that there are two distinct framesof security mobilized in the context of infodemic governance: informationas a disease and information as a weapon. Drawing on literatures on globalhealth and the emerging research on disinformation, the paper situates thetwo framings of the infodemic in broader discourses on the medicalizationof security, and securitization of information disorder, respectively. Thearticle critically reflects on each framing and offers some preliminarythoughts on how to approach the entanglements of health, security, andinformation disorder in contemporary global politics.
Jaroslav Olša, jr.: 150 Years of Hidden Ties Between Koreans and Czechs
Authors: Kyseláková Veronika
Published: October 2022

Chapters from the history of contacts between the Czech Lands and the Korean Peninsula.
The Russian Orthodox Church and the Protection of Christians as a Direction of Russia's Foreign Policy
Authors: Avanesova Maria
Published: October 2022

The Russian Orthodox Church has become a significant actor in Russia afterthe fall of the Soviet Union. This text is dedicated to its role in Russiaʼsforeign policy, specifically to the topic of the Russian interest in problemsand protection of Christians, which is one of the most essential parts of thecooperation between the state and the Church. Analyzing primary sources(state and Church documents), the author shows when and under whatcircumstances this topic became relevant to both actors, what role theRussian Orthodox Church played in this regard and how the topic ofprotecting Christians is used by the Russian regime today. The study showsthat the interest in protection of Christians did not arise simultaneously onboth sides and that it is connected mainly with situations where a threat forChristians is posed by unfriendly actors.
Spreading of Salafism in Africa
Authors: Svoboda Daniel
Published: October 2022

The role and importance of religion in many countries' foreign policy seemto be rising again. Many scholars have shown that Saudi Arabia uses thespread of religion, specifically Salafi Islam, as a tool for its foreign policy andto strengthen its influence. Saudi Arabia is a crucial player in the MENAregion and the entire Islamic world, and its regional and internationalimportance is constantly increasing. The author considers understandingSaudi Arabia’s activities and its foreign policy strategies, mechanisms, andtools in Africa as very important, as Africa is becoming an arena for newpowers once again. The article aims to identify how Saudi Arabia penetratesAfrican states and spreads Salafism. It focuses on analyzing Saudi foreignpolicy, emphasizing the role of religion and its export. The author analyzesSaudi Arabia's relations with five selected African states, where Salafism isspreading, in the period from 2015 to the present.
Killer high: a history of war in six drugs.
Authors: Plundrich Miroslav
Published: October 2022

There is growing alarm over how drugs increasingly empower terrorists,insurgents, traffickers, and gangs. But by looking back not just years anddecades but centuries, Peter Andreas reveals that the drugs-conflict nexusis actually an old story, and that powerful states have been its biggestbeneficiaries.
Pembangunan Model Clustering Dalam Pengelompokan Pengadilan Agama Berdasarkan Kasus Perceraian Dengan Menggunakan Algoritma K-Means
Authors: Sulistiyana Sulistiyana , Dian Ade Kurnia  , Martanto
Published: October 2022

Divorce in domestic life is usually faced by married couples. During the life of a household, no one expects disputes that can end in divorce. A number of regions in Indonesia based on the Annual Reports of the Religious Courts from 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020, it is known that there is a problem, namely an increase in the divorce rate in terms of the number of cases received by the Religious Courts. The problem of divorce cases is even increasing every year. To find out the Grouping of Divorce Cases Using the K-Means Algorithm in Indonesian Cities/Regencies. To perform this grouping using the k-means algorithm. . The dataset used consists of 410 with attributes of the causes that lead to divorce cases. Then preprocessing is carried out on the dataset to eliminate missing data. Then, the clustering technique was carried out using the k-means algorithm to be grouped. To get the best group, DBI calculation is used. The results of the research are expected to obtain grouping performance with the k-means algorithm. The results obtained show several groups with a DBI value of 0.19 with a number of clusters 2.
Sosialisasi Pelatihan Pembuatan Jahe Merah Instan Untuk Minuman Kesehatan di Masa Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Nurrokhman Agus , Wisnianingsih Nova , Pitono Wuguh
Published: October 2022

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan tentang pentingnya menjaga kesehatan diri sendiri serta memberikan pelatihan pembuataan jahe merah instan untuk menjaga kesehatan dimasa pandemi Covid 19 di Desa Sukamekarsari Kecamatan Kalang Anyar Kabupaten Lebak Propinsi Banten. Dari penyuluhan tentang pentingnya selalu menjaga kesehatan diharapkan masyarakat mau menerapkan protokol kesehatan yang telah dihimbau oleh pemerintah dan menjaga kesehatan fisik maupaun mental, mengingat musuh yang kita lawan adalah virus yang tak kasat mata. Untuk menjaga kesehatan mental bisa dengan melakukan aktivitas fisik, mengonsumsi makanan bergizi, menghentikan kebiasaan buruk seperti merokok, membuat rutinitas sendiri, lebih bijak dalam memilah informasi, dan menjaga komunikasi dengan keluarga dan sahabat. Dari pelatihan pembuatan jahe merah instan utuk minuman kesehatan dimasa pandemi Covid 19 ini diharapkan masyarakat dapat membuat sendiri ekstrak minuman herbal tersebut agar dapat digunakan setidaknya untuk menjaga ketahanan tubuh agar terhindar dari ancaman virus ini. Karena ketika sudah terpapar oleh virus ini maka ketahanan dari imun tubuh saja yang bisa menolong penderita dikarenakan vaksin untuk virus ini belum diketemukan. Selain untuk dikonsumsi sendiri, jahe merah instan ini juga dapat digunakan untuk tambahan pemasukan jika dikembangkan sebagai usaha baru bagi warga masyarakat desa ini.
Strategi Pengembangan UMKM di masa Pandemi Covid-19 dengan Metode Swot Di Gerakan Pemuda Ansor Nahdlatul Ulama Kelurahan Pagedangan Kecamatan Pagedangan Tangerang
Authors: Darmadi Darmadi , Suryani N Lilis , Sari Ratna
Published: October 2022

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran UMKM di desa Pagedangan kecamatan pangedangan tanggerang – banten yang terdampak pandemi dan untuk membangun kembali strategi geliat UMKM sebagai komoditi pembangunan perekonomian bangsa. Hasil pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini menyatakan bahwa sebaran UMKM yang terdampak pandemi masih cukup besar dan terus tumbuh dan berkembang karena UMKM terus membangun strategi pengembangan untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa strategi pengembangan UMKM di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Dengan Metode SWOT adalah dengan mengembangkan inovasi produk terbaru, mengembangkan transaksi secara offline maupun online, serta mengembangkan pembayaran via langsung dan E-Money.
The Characteristics of Mandibular Fracture In Rsup Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Stevhany Agnesthesia Ruth , Putri Farah Asnely , Priyanto Winarno
Published: October 2022

Introduction Mandibular fracture poses a fatal complication because the mandible plays an essential role in occlusion and aesthetics. The mandible is one of the bones most affected by facial fractures commonly resulting from trauma to the face and may be associated with severe morbidity and serious consequences                           
Methods The records of 282 patients referred to RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia between January 2017 and January 2021 were analysed retrospectively. Data including age, sex, etiology of mandibular fracture, type of mandibular fracture, and treatment. Incompleted data from the medical record were excluded.                                                                                    
Results Men aged 17-30 years were the most common victims of mandibular fracture. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were responsible in 84% of cases. The most common anatomic site for mandibular fracture was parasymphysis region 28.7 with simple fractures 79%, and 82% of the total fractures were treated with open reduction                                                                   
Conclusion The characteristics of mandibular fracture patients describe trauma patterns in the community. This finding is similar with some readily available literature with RTAs was the most common etiology and parasymphysis was the most common fracture site. Reasons for this high frequency may include the large number of poorly maintained, overloaded vehicles on unsuitable roads, violation of traffic regulations particularly by inexperienced young drivers.
Keywords: Fractures, Mandibular, Parasymphisis, Reduction
Lavorare tramite piattaforme digitali: durata senza continuità
Authors: Falsone Maurizio
Published: October 2022

L'Autore esamina le rappresentazioni comuni del fenomeno del lavoro tramite piattaforme di-gitali ed osserva che gli aspetti inerenti alla fase pre-esecutiva dei rapporti, non riconducibili all'alternativa obbligo/libertà di lavorare, siano sottovalutati. Secondo l'Autore ciò incoraggia le interpretazioni che sottintendono la frammentazione del rapporto in una serie indeterminata di contratti, fino a mettere in crisi il presupposto contrattuale delle operazioni qualificatorie. Nel contributo, quindi, si propone di analizzare la causa concreta dei rapporti per ritrovare l'unitarietà negoziale del fenomeno facendo leva sul suo carattere durevole. Questo approccio induce l'autore a valorizzare, anche in sede di qualificazione tipologica, le situazioni di pote-re/soggezione che caratterizzano il lavoro tramite piattaforme e a sottolineare come esse richia-mino alla ribalta le interpretazioni dell'art. 2094 c.c. che ridimensionano il ruolo della presta-zione tipica a vantaggio di profili della fattispecie capaci di fotografare l'assetto negoziale com-plessivo. L'Autore conclude ritenendo che i rapporti in questione, almeno secondo i modelli oggi noti, non possono essere concepiti come una serie di contratti di lavoro indipendenti, né come co.co.co., ma che le altre ipotesi ricostruttive (subordinazione o etero-organizzazione) devono passare per un aggiornamento dell'interpretazione delle fattispecie astratte di riferimen-to.
The "aquiline race". The Etruscans between Fascist racism, Nazi racism and the Catholic Church
Authors: Avalli Andrea
Published: October 2022

This article aims to demonstrate that the debate about the origin of the Etruscans can help identify the scientific and ideological inspiration behind Fascist racist theories and explain their relationship with the Catholic Church and Nazi forms of racism. In particular, I argue that the disagreements about the racial identity of the Etruscan people are exemplary of the distinction between "biological" racism and anti-Christian, non-biological racism. The article thus shows that Alfred Rosenberg's negative representation of the Etruscans - aimed at denying the racial legitimacy of the Catholic Church - was adopted, in Italy, by anti-Christian Fascist philosophers such as Julius Evola and Giulio Cogni; the "biological" racist group behind the journal La Difesa della Razza, instead, promoted Eugen Fischer's "Etruscologist" theory of the "aquiline race" to include the Etruscans in Italian racial history and avoid an ideological struggle with the Church.
Home ownership at the origins of contemporary Italy. Politics and legislation (1945-1950)
Authors: Bonomo Bruno
Published: October 2022

Although mass access to private home ownership deeply marked the history of contemporary Italy, it remains one of the least studied topics in historiography. This article wishes to help fill this gap by analysing the origins of a process that made Italy one of the countries with the highest rate of home owners in Western Europe. Housing and construction policies aimed at encouraging and supporting small home ownership played a decisive role in this process. From a political and legislative perspective, the post-war years were fundamental: some of the main pieces that would make up the mosaic of a country of private home owners were laid down precisely in those years. In the article, I will examine the programmatic positions of parties as well as the political exchange that occurred in the Constituent Assembly and during parliamentary discussions on fundamental measures such as the Ina Casa plan and the Tupini and Aldisio laws on real estate development.
La libertà impossibile. Informazione e potere politico in Egitto (1922-1955)
Authors: Ferrando Anna
Published: October 2022

Bacino di raccolta delle informazioni da Nord Africa e Medio Oriente, l'Egitto fu teatro di tensioni e convergenze fra le più influenti agenzie di stampa occidentali per tutta la complessa transizione verso l'indipendenza, anche dopo il 1922 e il 1936. In questo contesto, la rivendicazione della libertà di espressione e del controllo nazionale sulle notizie divenne bandiera del giornalismo egiziano non solo per affermare una propria specificità e dignità professionale, ma anche come strumento di emancipazione politica tout court. A partire dai fondi documentari dell'Agence Havas, dell'American University del Cairo e dell'archivio privato del giornalista Mustafa Amin, l'articolo indaga la svolta della decolonizzazione in Egitto attraverso il complicato intreccio mediatico-diplomatico e il prisma, scarsamente considerato dalla storiografia, delle agenzie di stampa. Chi furono gli individui e i gruppi che in Egitto sfidarono le agenzie di stampa occidentali? Quali strategie perseguirono? Come cambiò il rapporto fra giornalisti e potere politico nel passaggio dalla monarchia di re Faruq alla repubblica degli Ufficiali Liberi, caratterizzata dall'istituzione della Middle East News Agency nel 1955?
Gino Germani e Renzo De Felice: modernizzazione, fascismo e questione giovanile
Authors: della Redazione A cura
Published: October 2022

Renzo De Felice e Gino Germani sono stati due protagonisti assoluti del dibattito sulle interpretazioni del fascismo. A 100 anni dalla marcia su Roma e con il termine fascismo tornato al centro del dibattito mediatico e della polemica politica, l'articolo riflette sul contributo fornito dai due studiosi, ripercorrendo anche alcuni momenti chiave del loro intenso rapporto di collaborazione scientifica. L'autore inserisce la loro opera all'interno dell'ampio dibattito internazionale emerso dagli anni Sessanta sulle caratteristiche e i confini del fascismo generico. Egli così evidenzia non solo come De Felice e Germani abbiano dialogato con la storiografia internazionale sul fascismo ma come quest'ultima abbia in gran parte confermato spunti, suggestioni e impostazioni presenti nei loro lavori. Negli ultimi anni, tuttavia, queste le conclusioni dell'autore, è emersa una nuova tendenza storiografica, influenzata dalla teoria postcoloniale e dagli studi transnazionali, che di fatto si allontana dalle interpretazioni fornite a partire dagli anni Sessanta e tende nuovamente a sfumare i contorni del fenomeno.
Renzo De Felice, Gino Germani e la modernizzazione
Authors: Moro Renato
Published: October 2022

Il saggio analizza la centralità della sociologia della modernizzazione di Gino Germani nel fornire a Renzo De Felice una lettura complessiva della realtà con-temporanea e delle sue contraddizioni, mostrando, in particolare, il ruolo decisivo che questa analisi ha avuto specie nell'ultima fase del lavoro di De Felice tra anni Ottanta e Novanta sulla crisi della democrazia e il suo nesso con la crisi della na-zione.
From attention to intention in mobile advertising. Analysis of the ads that generate interaction among the new generations of users
Authors: Feijoo Beatriz , Sádaba Charo , Fernández-Gómez Erika
Published: October 2022

This paper aims to identify the type of ads which attract the most clicks among new generations. 45 users ages 10 to 14 underwent weekly monitoring of their mobile phone use by means of a screen recorder, to monitor the real impact of ads. 41 hours of recording were analyzed and a total of 2 410 mobile ads were subjected to content analysis. This study shows that search advertising and commercial content created by influencers generate the highest percentage of interaction clicks, particularly when advertising toys, electronics and entertainment brands.
Prerequisites for innovative development of the economy
Authors: Khomуn Petro
Published: October 2022

The article focuses on the importance of innovative development of Ukraine's economy. It is emphasized that although the apopheme "innovative development" has become a stamp of public speaking in recent years, in reality it is only a flair that unsuccessfully covers disparate activities that a priori can not ensure success in this direction. It is emphasized that only a methodological substantiation of the possibilities of innovative economic development can ensure the development of its strategy, as the current disparate measures have not provided comprehensive success not only in Ukraine but also in post-socialist countries in general. On the basis of statistical indicators, there are doubts about the hopes for innovative economic development due to increased production of certain types of export-oriented agricultural products, as this is accompanied by population decline, mainly rural, and even the disappearance of rural settlements. After all, due to the concentration of exports mainly on a limited number of commodities - agricultural products and base metals - ie with low added value, foreign exchange earnings from which do not compare with the cost of imported innovative means of production, opportunities for innovative development are limited, as other companies mostly buy second-hand cars, such as cars, tractors, combines, metalworking machines, etc., as new ones are not available to most of them due to the price factor. The error of combining the accounting of antipodic categories on one account 13 "Depreciation (amortization) of non-current assets" is indicated, which to some extent led to the futility of calculations for the integrated implementation of cyber systems in all business processes (digitalization, artificial intelligence, robotics, development of circular economy and green energy, the use of new materials and passive monitoring of the growth of depreciation of fixed assets in almost all sectors of material production, as well as its statistical adjustment in the direction of leveling due to the roll of control over the reliability of reporting towards fiscal and the need to focus the efforts of the administrative community and scientists on the analytical understanding of the problem of innovative economic development in order to methodologically substantiate the real way of its implementation.
Improvement of bank strategic management based on econometric modeling of its activity efficiency
Authors: Kramar Iryna , Tsikh Halyna , Nahorniak Iryna , Pokryshka Lilia
Published: October 2022

Some aspects of bank strategic management are defined in the article. Efficiency econometric modelling of one of the leading banks operating at Ukrainian financial market was performed using Statistica and Excel PCs. To establish appropriate correlations, the three inputs that were most affected during the coronavirus pandemic were identified: net interest margin, financial leverage ratio, and profitability of personnel costs. There are selected two parameters as one of the main indicators of banking institution efficiency: return on assets and return on equity. The dependences response surfaces of return on assets and return on equity based on the following combinations are constructed: net interest margin and financial leverage ratio; net interest margin and profitability of personnel costs; the financial leverage ratio and profitability of personnel costs. Correlations between different combinations of input variables and their effect on outputs have been established. The limits within which each input parameter should be in order to cause the best results of output parameters have been determined. In order to define those bank's activity areas that require the most attention, models of time dependences have been built for: net interest margin; financial leverage ratio; profitability of personnel costs; return on assets and return on equity. The milestones of the researched bank have been identified. A number of proposals have been developed to improve the strategic management of the banking institution based on the conducted analysis. It is defined that the effectiveness of banking institutions strategic management depends on the timeliness and objectivity of changes forecast, the reliability of information flows and the quality of monitoring and control of various business processes for customers, shareholders and society as a whole.