bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of major adverse cardiac events during 7-days period in acute coronary syndrome patients who had percutaneous coronary intervention in Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta
Authors: Djallalludin  , Wijaya Ika Prasetya , Koesnoe Sukamto , Alwi Idrus
Published: May 2024

Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/YDWnVBBGC0Q
 
Background: Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) increase the morbidity and mortality of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Data are lacking on MACE occurrence in patients with ACS after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study aims to find out the predictors of MACE during 7 days in ACS patients who had PCI.
Methods: The study design was unmatched case-control. The study included 461 patients with ACS who were hospitalized in the intensive cardiology care unit in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from January 1st, 2015 until November 30th, 2017. Age, female sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart failure, kidney function disorder, cardiogenic shock, ejection fraction ≤ 40%, left main (LM) coronary artery stenosis, arrhythmia, 3-vessel coronary artery stenosis, and left anterior descending (LAD) artery stenosis were included in the analysis as predictors of MACE.
Results: Cardiogenic shock (OR = 10.65, p = 0.001), LAD stenosis (OR = 15.23, p = 0.02), ejection fraction ≤ 40% (OR = 10.8, p = 0.00), 3-vessels or more coronary artery stenosis (OR 3.47, p = 0.01), heart failure (OR = 3.1, p = 0.02), and renal function disorder (OR 4.76, p = 0.00) were proven as predictors of MACE during 7-days period in ACS patients who had PCI. Female sex, cardiogenic shock, LAD stenosis, and ejection fraction ≤ 40% were independent predictors of MACE in ACS patients who had PCI, with OR values of 6.33 (95%CI 1.32- 30.50), OR 17.56 (1.85-167.06), OR 26.61 (1.38-513.81), and OR 7.6 (1.86-31.09), respectively.
Conclusion: Cardiogenic shock, LAD stenosis, ejection fraction ≤ 40%, ≥ 3 vessels stenosis, heart failure, and renal function disorder were predictors of MACE during 7 days in ACS patients who had PCI.
Association between Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) genotype and protein of retinoblastoma expression in cervical cancer
Authors: Rauf Nadia Kurnia Wardani , Arifuddin Sharvianty , Jusuf Elizabet Catherine , Cangara Muhammad Husni , Hamid Firdaus , Pelupessy Nugraha Utama , Bahar Irnawaty
Published: May 2024

Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/5Q9QmV4Qmyg
 
Background: Regarding prevalence among females worldwide, cervical cancer ranks fourth and has a high fatality rate. Cervical cancer growth is correlated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Retinoblastoma protein (pRb) is a protein that interacts with E6/E7 oncoproteins to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. Mutations on the E6/E7 protein oncogenes of high-risk HPV can disrupt this relationship. This investigation aims to establish the association between pRb expression and the HPV genotype.
Methods: This observational cross-sectional study examined 43 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and its network. Samples were taken using consecutive random sampling based on established criteria. HPV genotype was examined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, while pRB expression was assessed by immunohistochemical examination. The relationship between the two variables was assessed using the Chi-Square test.
Results:  There were 5 (11.6%) patients with HPV type 16, 14 (32.6%) with HPV type 18, 12 (27.9%) with other types of HPV and 12 (27.9%) were negative for HPV. Examination of pRb expression showed that 33 (76.7%) samples had +2 expression, 7 (16.3%) had +1 expression, and 3 (7.0%) samples had no pRb expression. The pRb expression and HPV type were not significantly correlated in this study (p = 0.410). However, pRb expression and cervical cancer clinical stage were shown to be significantly correlated (p = 0.007).
Conclusion: pRb expression is more prevalent when a malignancy is more advanced. In this investigation, no association between HPV genotype and pRb expression was discovered, despite oncogene mutations being involved in the regulation mechanism of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.
Hyperglycemia may induce a decrease in myoblast viability: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Rizal Dicky Moch , Setiawan Jajar , Susanti Susi , Adzillina Laksmita Dewi , Septiyorini Nandia
Published: May 2024

Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/6j-cheXQzQE
 
Background: Hyperglycemia plays a significant role in developing insulin resistance, leading to a continuous decline in metabolism. Uncontrolled long-term hyperglycemia has deleterious effects on muscles, leading to a decline in muscle mass, impaired capillarization, and muscle atrophy. We identified the effect of hyperglycemia on reducing myoblast cell viability through observation using the MTT assay.
Methods: Primary culture of myoblast cells was performed using rat's muscle tissue which was further induced by hyperglycemia by adding D-glucose with concentrations of 10 mM, 25 mM, and 50 mM in the plating media. Cell viability was observed using the MTT assay by identifying the absorbance using an ELISA reader with λ=550-600 nm (595 nm)
Results: There was a significant decrease in cell viability (p=0.000) due to administering various glucose concentrations in the plating media. There is a negative correlation between glucose concentration and myoblast cell viability (P-value = 0.000; t = -8.284; r = -0.926)
Conclusion: Elevated blood sugar levels result in a significant reduction in the viability of myoblast cells, as indicated by the MTT assay. The MTT assay proved invaluable for precisely evaluating myoblast cell viability in the context of hyperglycemia.
Intracerebral hemorrhage and ischaemic stroke due to Moyamoya disease in young patients: a case report
Authors: Wicaksono Ricky Dany Agus , Sani Achmad Firdaus , Kurniawan Dedy
Published: May 2024

Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/DWVi34rPNOg
 
Background: Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a non-atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disorder characterized by progressive stenosis of the distal part of the internal carotid artery (ICA), thus forming an abnormal vascular network in the base of the brain. MMD is often found in women. The common symptoms of MMD are migraine, epilepsy, recurrent transient ischemic attack (TIA), ischemic stroke, and intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke at young onset has challenges in looking for risk factors and etiology. A detailed examination is needed to prevent recurrent strokes.
Case Presentation: Male 17-year-old complained of a throbbing headache on the right side for 5 months, with a numeric rating scale (NRS) 4. The headache duration was 24-72 hours, with a frequency of 1-2 times a month. Complaints are exacerbated by activity and improve when taking over medication. 2 months after the first onset, he felt severe headache with NRS 7, accompanied by weakness and tingling on the left side. All his laboratory results were within normal limits. Cerebral Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) results showed severe stenosis at the base of the right ICA bifurcation segment accompanied by slow flow at the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) and severe stenosis at the base of the left ICA accompanied by cross-filling to the contralateral anterior cerebral artery (ACA). Cortico-cortical collaterals were obtained from the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) branch covering the MCA area. The patient was diagnosed with MMD.
Conclusion: MMD is a rare cerebrovascular disease that can be a risk factor for stroke at a young age. Diagnosis and evaluation of the collateral system need to be carried out through cerebral angiography so that the selection and consideration of appropriate management of recurrent stroke attacks can be carried out.
Intermittent pulse oximeter as a measurement of newborn oxygen: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nastiti Prima Hari , Kartika Darma Handayani  , Taufiq Hidayat  , Dina Angelika  , I Ketut Alit Utamayasa  , Risa Etika  , Mahrus A. Rachman  , Martono Tri Utomo
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Intermittent monitoring using fingertip pulse oximeters is increasingly being used in guiding oxygen therapy and screening congenital heart defects in newborns. However, there are no evidence-based guidelines for using fingertip pulse oximeters for intermittent monitoring of newborns in low-resource settings. This research assesses the validity of the fingertip pulse oximeter to measure oxygen saturation in newborns against the continuous monitoring pulse oximeter as a standard method.
Method: A prospective study was conducted in the NICU and Neonatal Intermediate Unit of Dr. Soetomo Academic Hospital Surabaya. Newborns aged below 28 days using a respiratory device were included. Oxygen saturation measurements using a continuous monitoring pulse oximeter and intermittent pulse oximeter were done on the right hand and both feet. Paired t-test and Bland-Altman plot was performed to assess the validity.
Results: Eighty-five neonates were included. There is an agreement between Intermittent and continuous pulse oximeters in the normoxic group with a limit of agreement -1.29 (CI 95% -1.62 to -0.95) to 1.29 (CI 95% 0.95 to 1.62) and hypoxic group with a limit of agreement -3.36 (CI 95% -4.29 to -2.44) to 3.00 (CI 95% 2.08 to 3.92). Intermittent pulse oximeter measurement requires a longer time for maximum results compared to continuous pulse oximeter (p=0.001).
Conclusions: The intermittent pulse oximeter is available to be used alternately with a continuous pulse oximeter. However, it has limitations in hypoxemia settings, hence the application in real-time clinical practice needs further study.
The effect of blood flow restriction in low-intensity load exercise on isokinetic strength of the quadriceps muscles in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Dugis Priscilla Anastasia Fitriany , Tinduh Damayanti , Pawana I Putu Alit , Utomo Dwikora Novembri , Melaniani Soenarnatalina
Published: May 2024

Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/tduoO-xy3ZE
 
Introduction: Cartilage destruction in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) caused the inflammation process. It makes the patient complain of knee pain, tends to immobilize, and induced neural inhibition (Arthrogenic muscle inhibition) on the quadriceps muscle as a knee stabilator and shock absorbent. These caused quadriceps weakness. The combination of blood flow restriction (BFR) and low-intensity resistance training (LIRT) showed an improvement in isotonic peak torque significantly, but the prescription is varied and limited in Indonesia.
Patient and Methods: This was a clinical experimental study with randomized control trial with pre and post-test design. The subjects were 28 KOA patients (50-70 years old). The intervention group (n=14) received a combination of low-load resistance training (30% 1-RM; 75 repetitions) and BFR (50 mmHg). The control group (n=14) received low load resistance training only (30% 1-RM; 75 repetitions). Both groups received training 2 times per week with a Q-bench machine for 6 weeks. Isokinetic peak torque was assessed before and after the training program.
Results: There was a significant improvement in isokinetic peak torque before and after the training program in both groups (intervention group p=0.001; control group p=0.000). There was a significant improvement of delta isokinetic peak torque between both groups (p=0.018) and post-test between both groups (p=0.044). The effect size value of the intervention group was 1.22 (very large) and the control group was 0.89 (large).
Conclusions: The addition of BFR on LIRT for 6 weeks can improve isokinetic quadriceps strength in patients with knee osteoarthritis
The effect of adding exergame boxing to balance functions of elderly women
Authors: Kartikasari Rizky Diah , Pawana I Putu Alit , Utami Ditaruni Asrina , Melaniani Soenarnatalina
Published: May 2024

Background: The average incidence of falls in elderly women exceeds that of elderly men in all age groups. Exercise had a consistent effect on reducing the risk of falls when prescribed correctly and was successful in reducing fall rates in the community, with an even greater effect seen in a balance-challenging exercise program. The exercise in question is a series of combined activities that maintain or increase flexibility, endurance, strength and balance. Compared to traditional sports, sports games are more interesting and challenging, are not affected by the weather, and being able to practice at home increases safety and comfort. Exergame boxing is considered a fun and competitive fighting video game, so it has an effect on psychological and social interactions in the elderly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding exergame boxing on the balance function of elderly women.
Methods: This study is a true experimental research with pre and post-test randomized control group design. The research participants were 32 elderly women, with each group consisting of 16 elderly women. Participants in the treatment group received exergame boxing, which was carried out 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Participants in both groups are required to take part in conventional exercises programmed by Nursing Home 5x/week for ±15 minutes. The outputs were assessed at the beginning (initial value) and after 8 weeks of intervention (final value).
Results: There were significantly significant differences in the One Leg Stance (OLS) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) values in the control and treatment group (p<0.005), but the effect size was higher in the treatment group.
Conclusions: The addition of exercise boxing for 8 weeks can improve the static and dynamic balance function of elderly women as measured by OLS and TUG.
The α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type III expression of Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) membrane in conjunctival wound healing: a literature review
Authors: Wiratama Agung Bhakti , Prastyani Reni , Wahyuni Indri , Valentinus Thomas , Notobroto Hari Basuki
Published: May 2024

Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/bL0NSpeda_k
 
The platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane represents a new reconstructive material employed in ocular surface procedures. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) offers several notable benefits, including its potential to mitigate inflammation, its abundance of growth factors, and its capacity to serve as a transient framework for fibroblast migration. Nevertheless, despite the numerous benefits it offers, PRF is not extensively utilized in comparison to alternative methods like conjunctival autograft. The utilization of conjunctival autograft has been a longstanding approach in ocular surface reconstruction methodologies; however, it is not without its inherent limitations. Therefore, the utilization of the PRF membrane technique presents a viable solution for addressing this particular scenario. This literature review aims to present a comprehensive analysis of the role of PRF in the regulation of inflammation and its potential to facilitate the healing of conjunctival wounds. This review is expected to stimulate further experimental investigations into the influence of α-SMA and collagen type III expression on the efficacy of PRF membranes in promoting conjunctival wound healing.
Soursop leaves (Annona muricata Linn) ethanol extract prevents cisplatin-induced kidney injury of mice (Mus musculus) through SOD and MDA analysis
Authors: I Made Sudanta  , Djoko Santoso  , Sudiana I Ketut , Siswandono
Published: May 2024

Background: Cancer treatment has been carried out in various ways, including surgery, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Cisplatin is often used for chemotherapy, but the use of cisplatin still has extensive side effects, including kidney injury. The ethanol extract of soursop leaves contains antioxidants expected to reduce ROS or induce SOD, glutathione and catalase, thereby preventing kidney injury. This study aims to explain the effect of soursop leaves ethanol extract on preventing kidney injury caused by cisplatin administration in animal models.
Method: This study is a true experimental study with a randomized, posttest-only control group design. We used 40 mice and randomly divided them into 5 groups, each group containing 8 mice.  The K0 group was given aquadest, the K1 group was given cisplatin 20 mg/kgBW, the KP1 group was given cisplatin and soursop leave ethanol extract 100 mg/kgBW, the KP2 group was given cisplatin and soursop leave ethanol extract 200 mg/kgBW, the KP3 group given cisplatin and soursop leaves ethanol extract 400mg/kgBW. The extract was given orally for 5 days in a row. MDA and F2-isoprostane were measured using Immunohistochemistry. The data were all analyzed using an ANOVA test.
Results: Soursop leaves ethanol extract with 200 mg/kgBW is the most effective dose to prevent kidney injury from cisplatin exposure. Soursop leaves ethanol extract can increase the expression of SOD and decrease the MDA metabolites.
Conclusion: Soursop leaves ethanol extract can prevent kidney injury by increasing SOD and decreasing MDA.
Respiratory arrest following severe muscle weakness as initial presentation of Sjögren’s syndrome: diagnostic and therapeutic strategies: a case report
Authors: Desiree Pricilia , Semedi Bambang Pujo , Airlangga Prananda Surya , Maulydia
Published: May 2024

Background: SjÖgren’s syndrome refers to an autoimmune disorder defined by chronic inflammation as a consequence of the exocrine gland’s lymphocytic infiltration. Patients may present with heterogeneous clinical symptoms involving impairment in the lungs, kidneys, and nervous system. The most common renal involvement is tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) responsible for 20% of renal tubular acidosis. We report a case of respiratory failure resulting from severe hypokalemia in a patient with SjÖgren syndrome.
Case presentation: A 46-year-old female who experienced progressive quadriplegia leading to respiratory distress caused by severe hypokalemia. Laboratory findings showed: sodium 128 mmol/L, potassium 1.1 mmol/L, Cloride 93 mmol/L, Calcium 7.3 mg/dL (corrected 7.5 mg/dL), albumin 3.3 g/dL, Magnesium 1.8 mg/dL with amylase 244 U/L, lipase 4168 U/L, The ANA test increased slightly and Ro-52, PM-Scl100 showed strong positive results, finally the patient was diagnosed with SjÖgren's syndrome with renal tubular acidosis (RTA). She was later diagnosed with renal tubular acidosis secondary to SjÖgren’s syndrome and treated using methylprednisolone, potassium, and alkali administration. Later, her potassium levels reached normal, muscle weakness improved, and she was extubated.
Conclusion: This case emphasizes the concept of an uncommon form of SjÖgren's syndrome in the form of severe refractory hypokalemia due to renal tubular acidosis accompanied by acute pancreatitis disguised in patients without SICCA complaints. Renal tubular acidosis is a rare case, but SjÖgren's syndrome is a cause that must be considered in all patients who present with paralysis due to refractory hypokalemia so that there is no misinterpretation and management.
Impact of gender difference towards coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine antibody response: systematic review
Authors: Prasetyo Mohammad Edwin , Soegiarto Gatot , Wulandari Laksmi
Published: May 2024

Introduction: There are several factors contributing to antibody response towards COVID-19 vaccination. Age, infection history, virus mutation, nutritional status, body mass index, gut microbiota, host polymorphism, and immune system have been accounted for variations in antibody development due to COVID-19 vaccination in several studies. Sex differences are also included in the list. Therefore, this study aims to determine the impact of gender differences on antibody development after COVID-19 vaccination on general populations.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review based on the PRISMA statement. Searching for clinical trials was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOHost, and ProQuest using selected keywords. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to filter the study. Filtered studies were appraised using The Joanna-Briggs Institute tools for critical appraisal to determine the studies' eligibility for inclusion. Included studies were extracted for study and subjects' characteristics. Study outcomes were analyzed qualitatively and reported.
Results: Eight prospective cohort studies involving 3,381 subjects were included after searching and selection. Appraisal of studies found that studies were considered good enough for inclusion. We found that multiple studies reported higher COVID-19 vaccination antibodies in females compared to males. However, several studies doubted long-term differences due to antibody waning. These doubts were clarified by a study that stated that even though has been adjusted to various demographic factors, females showed significantly higher IgG levels up to 40 weeks. Another finding stated that antibody titer waned much softer in females compared to males.
Conclusion: Antibody towards COVID-19 vaccination was higher in females compared to males as initial response up to several weeks. However, long-term differences should be studied and investigated further.
Relationship of vitamin D level with HOMA IR and LH in PCOS patients
Authors: Nurkumala Wilis , Budi Santoso  , Arif Tunjungseto
Published: May 2024

Background: the most prevalent endocrine disorder in young women is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In many patients, vitamin D insufficiency aggravates the condition. Early diagnosis of insulin resistance and vitamin D insufficiency will simplify management and reduce morbidity in the future. This study analyzes the relationship between vitamin D levels and HOMA IR and LH in PCOS patients and compares the levels of LH and HOMA IR between obese and non-obese PCOS.
Method: This study used a cross-sectional study on 48 women of reproductive age who were diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria and who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects were taken by consecutive sampling, measured levels of vitamin D, HOMA IR, and LH, then correlated and compared between obese and non-obese.
Results: 48 samples were included in the study conducted within 3 months. A significant relationship was found between vitamin D and HOMA IR levels in PCOS patients with a p-value of 0.000. There was a significant relationship between vitamin D and LH levels in PCOS patients with a p-value of 0.000. There were significant differences in HOMA IR and LH levels in obese and non-obese PCOS patients, with higher HOMA IR in obese patients with a p-value of 0.001 and higher LH levels in non-obese PCOS patients with a p-value of 0.045.
Conclusion: there was a significant relationship between vitamin D levels and HOMA IR and LH in PCOS patients and a significant difference in HOMA IR and LH in obese and non-obese PCOS patients.
High expression of CD73 as a negative predictor of clinical neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Khosasi Silvia , Sriwidyani Ni Putu , Sumadi I Wayan Juli , Winarti Ni Wayan , Ekawati Ni Putu , Muliarta I Made
Published: May 2024

Background: Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is one of the breast cancer subtypes with an aggressive clinical course and has a limited therapeutic strategy. Until now, conventional chemotherapy is still used as standard therapy, although it still has an inadequate therapeutic response. One of the chemoresistance mechanisms is likely due to the immunosuppressive effect of CD73-derived adenosine. This study aims to evaluate the high CD73 expression as a negative predictor of clinical neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in TNBC.
Methods: This study was a retrospective case-control study. A total of 46 TNBC patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy at Prof Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah's Hospital were enrolled. Twenty-three patients with positive neoadjuvant chemotherapy responded as the control group and 23 with negative neoadjuvant chemotherapy responded as the case group. Evaluation of CD73 expression was carried out by immunohistochemistry from a biopsy taken before the patient underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. CD73 expression was categorized into low and high based on staining intensity and percentage of the stained tumor cells. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 for Windows.
Results: Analysis showed a significant relationship between CD73 expression and clinical neoadjuvant chemotherapy response (OR=4.41; 95% CI=1.26-15.41; p=0.017). Multivariate analysis showed CD73 expression (AOR=4.88; 95%CI=1.08-21.99; p=0.039) and T stage (AOR=18.82; 95%CI=1.83-193.00; p=0.013) simultaneously affect clinical neoadjuvant chemotherapy response.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that high expression of CD73 and T stage is an independent predictor of negative clinical neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in TNBC patients.
Comparison of cognitive function tests AD8-INA against MoCA-INA and CDT in the elderly age group at the Uabau Health Center
Authors: Ariani Ni Putu Inna , Pramaswari Anak Agung Ayu Agung
Published: May 2024

Background: Dementia is a syndrome of decreased cognitive ability that hinders daily life. Dementia is associated with mortality, especially in patients with major depression, so health services are needed to identify cognitive disorders through pre-elderly and elderly screening. AD8-INA is one of the cognitive screening methods where the questions are directed to patient caregivers that are most practical, concise, and suitable for patients who cannot use their dominant hand, so researchers are interested in studying the sensitivity and specificity of AD8-INA to MoCA-INA and CDT.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to observe and analyze cognitive function variables. This study used primary data sources with interviews based on questionnaires on 114 subjects, consisting of pre-elderly and elderly groups who met the eligibility criteria to be included in the study. The MoCA-INA scores were divided into 26 normal and 26 cognitive impairments, the CDT scores 4 normal and 4 cognitive impairments, and the AD8-INA scores 0–1 normal and 2 cognitive impairments. An analysis was carried out to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and confidence interval.
Results: It was found that the sensitivity of AD8-INA to MoCA-INA was 87.14%, AD8-INA to CDT was 82.14%. In addition, the specificity of AD8-INA to MoCA-INA was 50% and AD8-INA to CDT was 61.11%.
Conclusion: AD8-INA has high sensitivity but low specificity. AD8-INA can still be used as an initial screening tool for cognitive function at the Uabau Health Center, but all examination results must be evaluated further.
Analysis of the ability of nano-mixture of Coriandrum sativum L. and Mimosa pudica L. leaves ethanol extract in lowering blood glucose and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hyperglycaemic Wistar rats
Authors: Sri Wahjuni  , Ni Made Puspawati  , Mustika Lahaya  , I.B. Putra Manuaba
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Nano-mixture chitosan was used as a nano-extract framework, while tripolyphosphate was used as a stabilizer. Coriandrum sativum L. and Mimosa pudica L. nano extracts were created using the ionic gelatin technique. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nano-mixture herbal extract of Coriandrum sativum L. and Mimosa pudica L. to lower free radicals and glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemic rats.
Methods: Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) characterized the resultant nano-mixture extract. The antihyperglycemic characteristics of a nano-mixture extract were investigated in streptozotocin-induced rats using a randomized post-test-only control group design. At the same time, blood glucose levels and oxidative stress markers MDA and SOD were monitored.
Results: Coriandrum sativum L. and Mimosa pudica L. extracts included polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids, according to the results of the phytochemical test. Nano extract was well supported by PSA characterization as a delivery vehicle for bioactive chemicals, with a zeta potential of -23.98 mV and a particle size of 422.20 nm. The oral administration of the nano-mixture extract at a dose of 50 mg/Kg BW/day had the greatest results for lowering glucose blood MDA and raising SOD levels in hyperglycaemic rats, according to the antihyperglycemic test on streptozotocin-treated rats.
Conclusion: In hyperglycaemic rats, a nano-mixture of Coriandrum sativum L. and Mimosa pudica L. nano extract may lower MDA and blood glucose while raising SOD levels.
Aesthetic outcome comparison between Millard and Fisher technique for cleft lip surgery: a literature review
Authors: Pradnyandari Ni Kadek Parswa Diah
Published: May 2024

Background: Cleft lip is the most common congenital defect found in children, with a prevalence of 0.5 to 1.6 per 1000 live births. Besides causing functional problems, a cleft lip greatly affects the patient's aesthetic appearance. Therefore, several surgical techniques have been developed to produce a good clinical appearance to support the patient's social functioning. The Millard and Fisher technique is the most widely used cleft lip surgery (cheiloplasty) technique. This literature review aims to compare the aesthetic outcomes between the Millard and Fisher techniques in cleft lip surgery.
Methods: This literature review was carried out by searching studies in online databases in the form of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar using the keywords "cleft lip surgery," "Millard," "Fisher," "aesthetic outcome," and "comparison." Appropriate studies were then carried out through a narrative synthesis analysis.
Discussion: The Millard technique uses the principle of rotational and advancement flaps, performed by making incisions and flaps on two sides, namely a rotational flap on the medial lip and an advancement flap on the lateral lip. Meanwhile, the Fisher technique uses the principle of anatomical subunit approximation, in which the measurement of the boundaries and extent of the surgical procedure is very accurate, resulting in a more anatomical position of the scar tissue. Regarding surgical scars, nose symmetry, vermillion, Cupid's bow and nasal, and Steffensen grading, better aesthetic results were found in Fisher's technique compared to Millard's.
Conclusion: Fisher's technique provides superior aesthetic results compared to Millard's technique in cleft lip surgery.
Caffeine's intracellular potential as anticancer and antiviral therapy
Authors: Iskandar Nanda Ariane , Iswanti Febriana Catur , Sadikin Mohamad
Published: May 2024

Coffee, as the most consumed drink globally, has an effect on human metabolism at extracellular and intracellular levels. Caffeine or trimethylxantine in intracellular has potential as an agent for antiviral and anticancer. Treatment with caffeine will affect the mechanism of DNA repair enzymes and induce premature chromatin condensation (PCC), which organizes the occurrence of mitosis at rudimentary cell cycle phase S which makes DNA integrity unattainable, and cells become apoptosis. Studies have already been conducted observing the effects of caffeine at the cellular level, by reacting Escherichia coli (E. coli) or mammalian cells to reactions that disrupt cell cycles such as arsenolysis, exposure to UV radiation, x-ray induced, and starvation with nothing to consumed accept of purines derivatives including caffeine. The result of caffeine treatment on E. coli and mammalian cells on UV radiation and arsenolysis least affected was inosine, acting as an inhibitor, which then can be concluded that caffeine and inosine have almost the same physiological function as substrates for substitution reactions by the most reactive cell metabolism compared to hypoxanthine, xanthine, adenine, and guanine. Additional studies explained caffeine on mammalian cells was not affecting mammalian DNA replication but only made it shorter in replication length there for giving a promised future impact for interfering mechanism of caffeine as DNA repair substrates as beneficial if it is used as a mechanism to interfere with the proliferation of cancer cells and inhibit the spread of viral virions.
Correlation between level of vitamin d and svcam-1 towards degree of hypertension in elderly patients
Authors: RA Tuty Kuswardhani  , Luh Oliva Saraswati Suastika  , Nicholas Wijayanto
Published: May 2024

Introduction: At old age, it is often found the condition of vitamin D deficiency associated with decrease of physical performance, increase risk of fall and as the risk of hypertension.  sVCAM-1 is a protein expressed on endothelium surface which being activated and also expressed in the initial event of atherosclerosis so that sVCAM-1 can be used as marker to determine the degree of severity of atherosclerosis in human. This study was aimed to evaluate the correlation between vitamin D and sVCAM-1 towards degree of hypertension in elderly patients.
Methods: This research was using cross-sectional method conducted at Geriatric Outpatient Clinic, Kidney-Hypertension and Cardiology in Prof. Dr. Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, starting from April 2022 up to August 2022. Study sample was all of elderly population who came to clinic. Sample was taken using the means of consecutive sampling. Chi-square test was used for bivariate analysis and regression logistical multiple regression test was used for multivariate analysis.
Results: Result of bivariate analysis showed that sVCAM-1 was significantly related to the degree of hypertension, in which it obtained the value of p = 0.030, with OR = 3.3. The result was also directly proportional with relation to level of vitamin D towards degree of hypertension, in which it obtained the value of p = 0.031, with OR value = 8.0. In multivariate analysis it obtained that the level of sVCAM-1 was significant statistically towards the degree of hypertension, with p value of 0.032.
Conclusion: Based on this study, the results can become reference, in which low level of vitamin D and high level of sVCAM-1, associated with higher blood pressure in elderly patients.
Application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods in distinguishing pathogenic and saprophytic Leptospira from the traditional market environment in Denpasar City
Authors: Hendrayana Made Agus
Published: May 2024

Background: Leptospirosis disease is still a health problem in Indonesia. The number of leptospirosis cases and deaths in Indonesia tends to increase. Indirect transmission of Leptospira bacteria can occur through poor environmental sanitation polluted by rat urine has the potential to cause leptospirosis. Traditional markets are good places for rats to breed. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of contamination by pathogenic and saprophytic Leptospira bacteria in the environment around traditional markets in Denpasar City by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method using three specific primers.
Methods: The sample is water from the market environment, taken at 19 location points from eight traditional markets in Denpasar City. After being homogenized, the sample water is filtered. Isolation of specific genes from samples by the PCR method was performed to differentiate pathogenic and saprophytic leptospira using three specific primers designed from the 16S rRNA gene. Starting from the DNA extraction stage, amplification by PCR, and detection of PCR product DNA by electrophoresis.
Results: This study found that from 19 water sampling locations, 5/19 (26.3%) point locations found specific DNA genes for pathogenic Leptospira bacteria. 10/19 (52.6%) point locations found specific genes for saprophytic Leptospira bacteria DNA, and 4/19 (21.1%) point locations found no specific genes for pathogenic or saprophytic Leptospira bacteria.
Conclusion: PCR examination using a combination of three primers could distinguish the presence of pathogenic Leptospira, saprophytic Leptospira, and the absence of pathogenic and saprophytic Leptospira simultaneously from traditional market environments in Denpasar City.
Exclusive breast milk optimizes children's development: a systematic literature review
Authors: Luh Mertasari  , Anak Agung Ngurah Jaya Kusuma  , Luh Seri Ani
Published: May 2024

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is the gold standard for child nutrition recommended by WHO and UNICEF. Exclusive breastfeeding is very beneficial for child development, and it is proven that exclusively breastfed babies experience different developmental accelerations. Many studies have been conducted on the developmental benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, but the results are inconsistent, and some even report no effect. This paper presents a systematic review of the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and child development in terms of duration and the aspects of development affected.
Method: A search method with a systematic literature review of relevant articles was performed in four databases, Pubmed, Science Direct, Sefforra, Publish or Perish and Research Gates. The search was performed using words from the text in a variety of combinations related to the developmental benefits of exclusive breastfeeding. The main search terms were ((Exclusive breastfeeding*) (Benefits of exclusive breastfeeding), (Breastfeeding*AND Growth), (Breastfeeding AND growth) development) (benefits of exclusive breastfeeding)). From April to June 2023. Observational studies (cross-sectional and follow-up studies) written in English have investigated the relationship between breastfeeding and child development. Systematic reviews follow the preferred reporting category for systematic reviews. Assess study quality with the Critical Assessment Checklist for Cross-sectional Studies and the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Rating Scale for longitudinal studies. Fifteen articles were selected for analysis based on the number of priority reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA).
Result. The results of the analysis confirmed the positive effects of breastfeeding on the development of IQ, neuro-brain, language, hearing, vision, behavior and social-emotional, including exclusive breastfeeding for at least three months.
Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding for a minimum of three months can optimize several aspects of a child's development. This study suggests increased coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in infants.
Exploration study of the interest of public health center visitors in utilizing traditional health services in Denpasar
Authors: Widari Komang Laksmi , Ani Luh Seri , Manuaba Ida Bagus Gede Fajar
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Traditional health services (THS) are organized by the Public Health Center (PHC) as an alternative to disease prevention and treatment for the community. Since its launch, the number of visits to the THS has not reached its target. The purpose of this study was to explore the interest of PHC visitors in utilizing THS.
Methods: This research was qualitative research with an exploratory approach. The research was conducted at South Denpasar. Samples were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The research informants consisted of seven main informants who used THS at the PHC and private medical practices and two supporting informants, namely health workers at the PHC and traditional healers at the medical practice. Data collection used in-depth interviews and observation methods, which were then analyzed using thematic methods.
Results: The community's interest in utilizing traditional medicine consisted of 4 themes, namely, aspects of benefits, factors of trust, factors of habits, and aspects of making traditional medicine a companion or even a substitute for medical treatment methods.
Conclusion: The community’s interest in traditional medicine is quite high. Public opinion regarding the use of traditional medicine consists of several aspects, namely aspects of benefits, beliefs, habits, and aspects of companion or substitute for medical treatment. Therefore, it is suggested that THS providers always provide good and correct information about traditional medicine.
The potential effect of Alpha-linolenic acid against oxidative stress in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Chandra Clorinda , Wahyuniari Ida Ayu Ika
Published: May 2024

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is characterized by fat accumulation in hepatocytes without secondary causes. Oxidative stress plays an important role in forming and progressing from NAFLD to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is an essential omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that has a high antioxidant effect. The purpose of writing this article is to determine the potential of ALA on oxidative stress in NAFLD. This article was made using an online search from 2013 to 2023, and six articles were obtained. From this review, we concluded that ALA has an antioxidant effect that can reduce the impact of oxidative stress in NAFLD, especially in liver tissue, which provides a hepatoprotective effect and regulates gene expression that can reduce oxidative stress in NAFLD.
A comparative study of UVA and UVB radiation: Mechanisms of DNA damage and repair
Authors: Sumali Sienny Muliaty
Published: May 2024

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, comprising UVA and UVB rays, poses a significant threat to human health. This review aims to elucidate the differences between UVA and UVB radiation in their ability to induce DNA damage, shedding light on the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate the harmful effects of UV radiation. The study analyzed histological changes in UVA and UVB-exposed skin and explored matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in UV-induced skin damage. It examined DNA lesions caused by UVA and UVB radiation. UVA radiation led to dermal integrity loss, collagen breakdown, and inflammatory infiltration, while UVB radiation primarily resulted in keratinocyte proliferation. UVA-induced MMP activation accelerated collagen breakdown, whereas UVB exposure moderately increased MMP activity. UVA caused more DNA and protein oxidation, while UVB primarily induced oxidative protein modification and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. UVA-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage were associated with skin cancer, premature aging, and immune suppression. UVB radiation directly interacted with DNA, forming cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4PPs), which are strongly associated with skin cancer development. UVA and UVB radiation have distinct characteristics and induce different DNA lesions. Repair mechanisms, such as nucleotide excision repair (NER) and base excision repair (BER), play crucial roles in maintaining genomic integrity. Understanding the mechanisms underlying UVA and UVB-induced DNA damage and repair is essential for developing targeted prevention and therapeutic approaches to combat the harmful effects of UV radiation.
The role of various laboratory parameters associated with obstructive cholestatic jaundice in pancreatic tumor: A case report and literature review
Authors: Dewi Ni Made Ratih Purnama , I Nyoman Gde Sumardika  , I Putu Sista Widya Utama  , Dwijo Anargha Sindhughosa
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Obstructive jaundice can be caused by pancreatic cancer, where most tumors block bilirubin excretion, and excess bilirubin accumulation causes jaundice. Jaundice occurs in more than 65% of pancreatic cancer patients. Jaundice is caused by the location of the tumor, usually located in the head of the pancreas, suppressing the bile ducts and creating a blockage characterized by an increase in bilirubin, especially direct bilirubin. Aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) may also be elevated in pancreatic cancer patients but to a lesser extent.
Case Presentation: A 63-year-old male patient presented with ocular symptoms and generalized jaundice that had lasted for 2 months. Patients also complain of a bloated stomach and feel thin due to continued weight loss. The patient's stool was the color of putty and brown, like viscous urine. A physical examination revealed conjunctival jaundice in both eyes and hepatomegaly. Abdominal ultrasonography (USG) results suggest a pancreatic head mass with a dilated pancreatic duct and edema of the gallbladder with dilated extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD). Laboratory tests showed that the patient had elevated liver function, total bilirubin 11.90 mg/dl, direct bilirubin 8.29 mg/dl, SGOT 33 U/l, SGPT 54 U/l, and three positive urinary bilirubin values. It became clear that. The patient was diagnosed by observing cholestatic jaundice and the differential diagnosis of suspected pancreatic cancer of the head and cholangiocarcinoma.
Conclusion: Examining laboratory parameters such as total bilirubin, especially direct bilirubin, liver enzymes SGOT, and SGPT may help localize obstructions, such as those caused by pancreatic tumors causing post hepatic obstructive jaundice.
Characteristics of condyloma acuminata patients with HIV/AIDS at Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso infectious diseases hospital during 2019-2023
Authors: Pitawati Ni Luh Putu , Kesuma Ni Made Trismarani Sultradewi
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Condyloma acuminata (CA) or genital warts is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Individuals with CA are more susceptible to HIV compared to those without the condition. CA increases the risk of HIV occurrence and vice versa. This study examines characteristics of CA patients with HIV/AIDS visiting the Dermatology and Venereology Clinic of Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Infectious Diseases Hospital during 2019-2023. Method: The research methodology employed in this study is a retrospective descriptive approach with a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique utilized was the total sampling method. Result: Among 22 recorded cases, 11 fulfilled the study criteria. Most patients were aged 19-44 years (86.7%), male (81.8%), with a history of homosexual relations (54.5%), and exhibited lesions primarily in the perianal region (54.5%). All patients received antiretroviral therapy (ART) (100%), and CD4 count results predominantly ranged from 101-200/mm3 (63.6%). Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) therapy was the most prevalent treatment modality (81.8%).
Conclusion: The highest prevalence was noted within the age range of 19-44 years, with a majority of male patients. Unmarried status was most common among the patients. Homosexual history emerged as the predominant pattern of sexual intercourse. The perianal region was the most frequent location. The average CD4 count ranges from 101 to 200/mm3. The predominant treatment method utilized was the application of trichloroacetic acid (TCA).