bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ehl-i Hadis ile Mu‘tezilî Kelamcıların Eleştiri Üslubu Üzerine
Authors: ERASLAN Abdulvasıf
Published: July 2021

Fikrî ve ilmî gelişimin yapı taşlarından biri olan tenkid faaliyeti, ilk dönemlerden itibaren İslam Medeniyeti’nde yer edinmiştir. Sahabede ilmi yönü ağır basan tenkid/eleştiri faaliyeti, hicri birinci asrın ikinci yarısından itibaren siyasal bir boyut da kazanmıştır. Bu dönemde yapılan karşılıklı tenkitlerin saf/duru ve objektif bir ilmi tartışma niteliğinden uzak olacağı ilim ehlinin malumudur. Kişisel menfaatlerden uzak tutulan ilmi tartışmaların, kişiselleştirildikten sonra ilim erbabına yakışmayan ve tahammül sınırlarını aşan bir hal aldığı tarihi olaylardan anlaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, inanç ve amelî konularda birbirlerini tenkid eden ve bu çerçevede reddiye niteliğinde eserler veren ehl-i hadis ve Mu‘tezilî âlimlerden bazılarının eleştiri üslubu ortaya koyulmuştur. Eser müelliflerinin ötekiyi eleştirmede kullandıkları lafızlar tespit edilmiş ve bunların tahammül sınırlarıyla alakası üzerinde durulmuştur.
Malikilerin İmam Şâfiî Eleştirisi: İbnü’l-Lebbâd’ın “Kitabu’r-Redd Ala’ş-Şafiî” Adlı Kitap Örneğinde
Authors: ASLAN Bedri
Published: July 2021

İslam hukuk tarihine bakıldığında birbirinden farklı birçok mezhebin ve dahası aynı mezhep içerisinde bile farklılaşan görüşlerin varlığı görülmüştür. Bu ihtilaflar mezheplerin başvurdukları usûl, takip ettikleri yöntemlerindeki farklılık ve fakihlerin istinbat edebilme kabiliyetine bağlanabilir. Ortaya çıkan farklı görüşlerin sahipleri kendi görüşlerini desteklemek ve karşı taraftakinin görüşünü çürütmek için cedel ve eleştiriye başvurmuşlardır. Bunun neticesinde fakihler, birbirlerinin aleyhine reddiyeler yazmışlardır. Bu gibi eleştiriler daha çok mezhepler arasında meydana gelmiştir. Klasik dönem araştırıldığında birçok Mâlikî âlimin İmam Şâfiî’yi (ö. 204/820) eleştirdiği görülecektir. Bunlardan biri de İbnü’l-Lebbâd el-Kayrevânî’dir (ö. 333/944). Birçok konuda İmam Şâfiî’yi eleştiren İbnü’l-Lebbâd, İmam Şafii’yi eleştirdiği konularda İmam Mâlik (ö. 179/795) ile İmam Şafii’nin görüşlerini mukayeseli bir şekilde ele almıştır. Çalışmada İbnü’l-Lebbâd’ın İmam Şafii’yi eleştirdiği konular, eleştiri üslubu ve yöntemi incelenmiştir.
Hanbelî - Eş‘arî İhtilafının Tahammül Ahlakı Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YALÇIN Ahmet
Published: July 2021

Hanbelîlik ve Eş’arîliğin ayrıştığı nokta, nasları anlama biçimleridir. Hanbelîler, nasların zahirine tutunmak ve aklın rolünü, şahit ve teslim olmak seviyesine indirgemiştir. Eş’arîler ise Eş’ari’nin, akıl ve nakil birlikteliğine dayalı kelam yöntemini izlemiştir. Bu iki anlayışın temsilcileri zamanla birbirlerinin fikirlerini, doğru-yanlış şeklinde kategorize etmiş, karşılıklı tartışmalara, hatta kavgalara kadar işi götürmüştür. Buna misal, İbn Teymiyye ve muhalifleri arasında geçen tartışmalar ve gerçekleşen hadiselerdir. Bir Hanbelî olarak İbn Teymiyye, Ashabü’l-Hadis geleneğinin mirasına sahip çıkarken, muhalifleri olan Eş’arîler onun nasları anlayış biçimine karşı çıkmış ve bu, ilmî bir ihtilafın ötesinde, hasmâne tutumların sergilenmesine, iftiralara ve hapsettirmelere kadar gitmiştir. Mezhep mensuplarının birbirine müsamaha ile yaklaşması ve tarihteki üzücü hadiselerin tekrar etmemesi gayesiyle yaptığımız bu çalışmamız, Hanbelî ve Eş’arîler arasındaki anlayış farkını, bunun tarihsel süreçte nasıl derinleştiğini göstermesi bakımından önemlidir.
İskenderiye Okulu Ve İslam Düşüncesi Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: AYTEPE Nesim
Published: July 2021

İslami ilimlerin klasik döneminde farklı kültürlerden etkilendiğine dair iddialar söz konusudur. Bu iddialarda temel amaç, İslami ilimlerin gelişim döneminde orijinallikten yoksun olduğunu kanıtlamaktır. Buna karşı İslam düşüncesini savunanlar gelişim döneminde her ne kadar ufak tefek etkileşimler olsa bile İslami ilimlerin kendi iç dinamikleri üzerinden gelişimlerini sürdürdüğünü iddia etmektedirler. Bu tartışmayı somut veriler üzerinden neticeye bağlamak üzere İskenderiye Okuluna bakılabilir. İskenderiye Okulu, tarihsel olarak İslami ilimlerin teşekkül döneminden önce varlığını büyük oranda kaybetmiştir. Bununla birlikte, İskenderiye Okulunda temsil edilen düşünce ve kültürel birikim, farklı şekillerde etkisini sürdürmüştür. Bu çalışma, bir taraftan İslami ilimlerin farklı bir kültürel çevreden ne oranda etkilenmiş olabileceğini İskenderiye Okulu örneğinden hareketle ortaya koymayı hedeflerken, diğer taraftan İskenderiye Okulunun bu etkiyi hangi araçlarla oluşturduğunu analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
İbn Hazm’ın Mürcie’den Saydığı Ekollerin İman Tanımlarına Yönelttiği Eleştiriler
Authors: ARCA Abdullah
Published: July 2021

Mürcie, siyasî ve itikadî bir fırka olarak büyük günah işleyenlerin durumlarını Allah’a havale edip, dini anlamdaki sorumlulukları hakkında fikir beyan etmeyen kişilere verilen ortak bir isimdir. Bununla beraber Mürcie hakkında “amelleri niyet ve inançtan sonraya bırakanlar”, “büyük günah işleyenlere ümit verenler” veya “imanı sırf dille ikrardan ibaret görenler” şeklinde çeşitli isimlendirilmeler de yapılmıştır. Mürcie, Emevîler’in Hâricîler ve onların dışında diğer muhaliflerine karşı acımasız davranışlarına ve mevâlîyi küçük görmelerine, özellikle de Müslümanların birbirlerini öldürmelerine tepki olarak ortaya çıkmış, uzlaşmacı ve ümmetin birliğini savunan bir ekoldur. İʻtikadî, siyasî, fıkhî ve tasavvufî konularda pek çok görüş ortaya koyan Mürcie, daha çok iman nazariyeleriyle dikkat çekmiştir. İslam kaynaklarında onlardan söz edilirken özellikle iman hakkındaki görüşleri üzerinde durulmuş ve onlara çeşitli eleştiriler yapılmıştır.
İbn Hazm, Tarih, Coğrafya Dinler Tarihi, Kelam, Fıkıh ve daha başka alanlarda derin bilgi sahibi olan Endülüslü Müslüman âlimlerden biridir. O, yazdığı eserlerinde bu disiplinlerin kapsamına giren konulara dair kendi görüşlerini ortaya koymuştur. Bununla beraber yanlış gördüğü, kendi düşüncesine aykırı bulduğu kişi ve fırkaları düşüncelerini eleştirmekten çekinmemiştir.
Bu çalışmada İbn Hazm’ın benimsediği Ehl-i Sünnetin iman anlayışı çerçevesinde imanın tanımının ve kapsamının ne olduğu ortaya konulmaya çalışılacak İbn Hazm’ın kendi iman anlayışına uymayan diğer ekolleri Mürcie’den sayıp onlara yönelttiği eleştiriler ve bu ekollerin iman hakkındaki görüşlerinin yanlışlığını ortaya koymak adına getirdiği deliller ele alınacaktır.
Shortcomings of the Administrative Management of the Tsarist Administration in the Derbent Province According to the Audit of 1860
Authors: Dzhabaeva Tahmina Ch.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the study of issues related to the practice of administrative management in Dagestan, in particular in the Derbent province in the middle of the 19th century. The shortcomings of administrative management in terms of office work, the uncertainty of court proceedings, the reasons for the reluctance of police officers to investigate certain crimes (a social factor), the inefficiency of state property management, the shortcomings in the tax system are identified, and the reasons for the low level of medicine, problems of urban economy and trade are analyzed. As a result, the political flexibility of the tsarist administration in relation to the population of the Derbent district is noted. The author analyzes the degree of influence of the adats on the public life and self-consciousness of the population, the persistent observance of archaic norms of customary law, despite the political and administrative presence, to a greater or lesser extent, of the tsarist administration in various socie-ties of the Derbent district. There is a socio-political difference in the public consciousness that exists between the population of the region and the new government. The article involves the study of a complex of issues related to the level of social development of the population of the Derbent district of Dagestan in Russia in the middle of the 19th century.
Leonov Ivan Grigorievich - First Rector of the Rostov Pedagogical Institute
Authors: Kazarov Sarkis S.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the life and work of the first rector of the Rostov Pedagogical Institute Ivan Grigorievich Leonov: starting his career as an ordinary soldier of the food detachment, he made a dizzying career, becoming at the origins of the creation of a number of higher educational institutions in the country, from the Rostov Pedagogical Institute to the rector of the University of Chisinau. Like most party workers in the country, he did not stay in one place for a long time, changing cities and positions according to the instructions of the party. In the final period of his activity, he completely switched to pedagogical work, heading a number of departments of Marxism-Leninism and the History of the CPSU in a number of universities in the country. The life path of the person in question is a reflection of the career of a party worker of the 1920-1950s.
The Theory of the Patrimonial State in the Concept of A.E. Presnyakov
Authors: Mininkova Ludmila V.
Published: July 2021

The theory of the patrimonial state, widespread and popular in prerevolutionary Russian historical science, attracted the attention of the outstanding Russian historian A.E. Presnyakov. In the historiography de-voted to him, there was an idea that in general this theory is not organic for his research methodology, in which, as a representative of the St. Petersburg school, he put the analyses of the source and historical fact in the foreground, and the theoretical synthesis completely subordinated to the sources analysis and approached it with great caution. His conclusion about the patrimonial principles on the structure of the Moscow state, considered as following the tradition of the state school. It seems, however, that the position on the patrimonial character of he state from the time of the reign of Ivan III to the Time of Troubles fully correspond in the Russian lands of earlier times associated with the decomposition on the former system on the princely volost. A.E. Presnyakov emphasized the combination of patrimonial tradition with bureaucratic management in Moscow Russia. Thus, he contributed to the further substantiation of the theory of the patrimonial state.
G. H. Chalkhushyan – Organizer of Charity in Nakhichevan-on-Don in the Late 19th - early 20th Century
Authors: Papazyan Kristina L.
Published: July 2021

The article is dedicated to Grigory Chalkhushyan, public figure, lawyer, city Duma speaker, Vice-consul of the Armenian Republic on the Don, chairman of the Armenian Charitable Society. He selflessly served for the benefit of the local Armenian society and was repeatedly awarded the sincerest words of gratitude. Being a well-known lawyer, he conducted significant public affairs free of charge, and devoted a lot of time to schools, of which he was the chairman of the parent committees permanently. Grigory Khristoforovich initiated assistance to the Armenian population that suffered from pogroms, persecutions, and mass murders in the late 19th and early 20th century.
Noções sociolinguísticas na educação básica a partir da Turma do Xaxado: contribuições a um ensino significativo da língua portuguesa
Authors: Peres Gilberto Antonio , Marine Talita De Cássia
Published: July 2021

Muitos falantes brasileiros acreditam que língua e gramática podem ser tratadas de maneira sinônima. Isso porque, por um longo tempo, a escola focou o ensino da língua portuguesa a partir das prescrições da gramática normativa. Entretanto, há pelo menos duas décadas, documentos advindos do governo federal - Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (BRASIL, 1998) e a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BRASIL, 2017) - orientam o ensino de língua portuguesa a partir de seus usos. Nesses documentos, a presença das contribuições da Sociolinguística a tal ensino é inegável e, em sintonia com tais orientações, elaborar propostas didáticas que possam estimular a reflexão acerca da língua em situações reais de uso, possibilitando aos alunos condições de (re)conhecê-la em toda sua heterogeneidade, evitando, assim, atitudes linguísticas equivocadas que colaboram para a disseminação do preconceito linguístico, mostra-se como algo imperativo no cenário brasileiro de ensino. Nesse sentido, a fim de contribuir com o atendimento dessa demanda, elaboramos uma proposta didática composta por atividades didáticas voltadas a alunos dos anos finais do ensino fundamental II, a partir de alguns exemplares de tiras da Turma do Xaxado. Com relação aos procedimentos metodológicos, orientamo-nos pela pesquisa-ação (THIOLENT, 1986) e, na análise dos dados, pautamo-nos na pesquisa qualitativa. Embasamo-nos em referenciais sociolinguísticos, tais como Bortoni-Ricardo (2005), Faraco (2008), Bagno (2007, 2013, 2014), Scherre (2008) e Silva (2006). Por fim, cabe destacar que ao longo da aplicação das atividades, observamos que os alunos passaram a compreender o fenômeno da variação linguística, reconhecendo o imprescindível respeito às diversidades linguística e cultural brasileiras.
El derecho ante el Covid-19: una visión a partir de la biojurídica
Authors: Trujillo Florián Sergio , Laverde Rodríguez Carlos Alfonso , Vargas-Chaves Iván
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo determinar la importancia de la biojurídica y la biopolítica para enfrentar una pandemia como el virus COVID – 19 . El virus ha hecho que esta época se torne difícil para todos los estratos sociales, su trascendencia es mundial, empero, sus consecuencias hacen que se visualice la pobreza y la inequidad. Los problemas evidenciados en salud pública, empleo informal y la distribución de los recursos en sectores privilegiados, hacen que el pánico se incremente y que las consecuencias sean nefastas para los más pobres de la sociedad. En situaciones como esta, la biojurídica, y el comunitarismo se presentan como medios morales disuasivos para la salvaguarda del otro por medio de decisiones que evitan la propagación del virus y sus consecuencias. Un hallazgo relevante es que el presente siglo ha permitido que una nueva ola de pensamiento social y económico tenga como punto de referencia la vida humana y no humana para la supervivencia del hombre frente a las nuevas tecnologías y las catástrofes venideras. La reflexión y el análisis de las unidades de observación se realizaron según la bioética, la biojurídica y la filosofía. El enfoque cualitativo permite describir y observar los fenómenos por medio de la hermenéutica para terminar con la respectiva inducción analítica. La conclusión principal es que la dignidad individual se ve confrontada con la dignidad colectiva y la superación de los problemas no tiene como fuente la ideología política.
El intelectual universitario censurado en España
Authors: Álvarez Rodríguez Ignacio
Published: July 2021

El texto analiza desde la perspectiva intelectual y jurídico-constitucional la censura que sufrió el filósofo del Derecho español Pablo de Lora cuando se disponía a dar una conferencia sobre transexualidad en la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona.
Abscess Caused by Streptococcus Constellatus Secondary to Tooth Decay on Facial Skin: Case Report
Authors: KİLİÇASLAN Önder , KIZMAZ İŞANÇLI Didem , FİL Esmanur , ERTÜRK UZUNDAL Ecem , KARBUZ Adem
Published: July 2021

A six-year-old male patient with no known history of disease was presented due to an unfamiliar Streptococcus constellatus growth that developed alongside a tooth abscess and fistulized. The patient was admitted with redness, swelling, and tenderness in the left-most section of his face. We learned that the patient visited a dentist three weeks prior due to complaints of swelling in the jaw and tooth decay. The patient had a leukocyte count of 22,600/μL (neutrophil: 17,190/μL), C-reactive protein level was 105.2 mg/L. The patient was put on an intravenous treatment of clindamycin and cefoperazone-sulbactam. There was spontaneous discharge in the abscess. S. constellatus grew in abscess culture dish. The current therapy was changed to ampicillin-sulbactam. Observations on the seventh day of hospitalization showed that the lesion had subsided almost entirely. S. constellatus is a rare microorganism that produces abscesses and requires immediate medical attention.
Skuteczne przywództwo w szkołach na obszarach zaniedbanych społecznie. Studium porównawcze
Authors: Madalińska-Michalak Joanna
Published: July 2021

Autorka książki podjęła bardzo ważny, bardzo aktualny, istotny teoretycznie i mający olbrzymie znaczenie praktyczne temat. Zauważalny brak zwartych opracowań teoretycznych oraz badań empirycznych dotyczących skutecznego przywództwa w szkołach na obszarach defaworyzowanych stawia badacza wobec poważnych wyzwań, z którymi Autorka, jako doświadczona badaczka, posiadająca bogatą i zasługującą na uznanie biografię naukową, doskonale, wręcz mistrzowsko, sobie poradziła. (...) Przedłożoną do recenzji pracę należy uznać za niezwykle wartościowe, oryginalne dzieło, które zasługuje na wysokie wyróżnienie. Książka w sposób znaczący wypełnia istniejącą lukę w piśmiennictwie pedagogicznym i stanowi istotny przyczynek do dalszych poszukiwań w tym obszarze problemowym
Proces rozrodczości a starzenie się ludności
Authors: Lange Milena
Published: July 2021

W tekście omówiony został wpływ procesu rozrodczości na proces starzenia demograficznego oraz metody badania jego oddziaływania na zmiany w strukturze ludności według płci i wieku.
Nasal Nitric Oxide in the Upper Airway Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Jeong Jin Hyeok
Published: July 2021

Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) from the lower respiratory tract is used commonly in diagnosis and treatment monitoring of asthma patients. However, nasal nitric oxide (nNO) has not been widely used in patients with upper airway inflammatory diseases due to its lack of standardized measurement methods. Nasal nitric oxide is produced mainly by the paranasal sinus mucosa and partially by the nasal mucosa and increases with inflammation. Nasal nitric oxide not only locally supports the defensive mechanism of the upper respiratory tract, but also remotely controls pulmonary function by acting as an aerocrine. Nasal NO can be affected by various physiologic and pathologic factors of the upper respiratory tract. This article will review the origin of nNO, its function, various measurement methods, and difference in presentation among upper respiratory tract inflammatory diseases such as allergic rhinitis, upper respiratory tract infection, nasal polyp, rhinosinusitis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, cystic fibrosis, Young’s syndrome, diffuse panbronchiolitis, empty nose syndrome, and obstructive sleep apnea. Future studies should identify the mechanism of action of nNO in various upper respiratory tract inflammatory diseases and obtain highly reproducible normal values of nNO based on a standardized measurement method with a deeper understanding of factors affecting nNO. Then, nNO will be useful for more rapid and simpler diagnosis of various upper respiratory tract diseases and for monitoring their treatment.
Influence of Kinesio Taping on pain, anthropometric, static and dynamic parameters of feet in patients with posterior tibial enthesopathy – case studies
Authors: Żłobiński Tobiasz , Stolecka-Warzecha Anna , Błońska-Fajfrowska Barbara
Published: July 2021

Mięsień piszczelowy tylny odgrywa ważną rolę w utrzymaniu prawidłowego wysklepienia stopy w pozycji stojącej oraz podczas chodu, dodatkowo umożliwiając prawidłowe przetoczenie oraz amortyzowanie stopy. Współpracuje z mięśniem strzałkowym długim, współtworząc tzw. strzemię ścięgniste stopy. Zmiany w obrębie przyczepu dystalnego mięśnia piszczelowego tylnego (do kości łódkowatej) mogą być przyczyną objawów bólowych wewnętrznej krawędzi stopy, zwanych entezopatią. Entezopatia jest bolesną zmianą chorobową w obrębie przyczepu ścięgna mięśniowego do kości. Najczęściej jest wynikiem działania nadmiernych obciążeń i zaburzeń działania mięśnia, co prowadzi do stanów zapalnych, którym towarzyszy ból zlokalizowany w miejscu przyczepu, oraz pogorszenia funkcji mięśnia. Leczenie schorzenia nie zostało jeszcze opisane, stąd brak jasnych wytycznych co do leczenia zachowawczego. Celem pracy była ocena wpływu kinesiotapingu (Kinesio Taping) w połączeniu z masażem poprzecznym przyczepu dystalnego ścięgna na parametry statyczne oraz dynamiczne stopy.
Ethanomedicine and Pharmacology of Semal (Bombax ceiba L.)- A Indian Medicinal Plant: A Review
Authors: Rajput Rekha T.
Published: July 2021

Bombax ceiba L. is valuable herb in the ayurvedic and traditional systems of medicine. In traditional system of drugs various plant parts and exudates are used as medicine. On the basis of literature survey, plant is found to be beneficial as astringent, cooling, stimulant, diuretic, aphrodisiac, demulcent, dysentery, tonic and also useful in the treatment of asthma, diarrhea, wound healing, leucorrhea, anemia and tuberculosis. Apart from these, it is also reported as anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective, anticancer and anti-HIV activity, anti-helicobacter pylori activity, antiangiogenic activity, analgesic and antioxidant activity, inhibitory effects on tube-like formation of human umbilical venous cells, hypotensive, hypoglycemic activity, cholinesterase and antimicrobial activity. This review is an attempt to discuss the various pharmacognosy, ethnomedicinal, pharmacology and traditional uses along with reported phytochemical and pharmacological activities of Bombax ceiba.
​Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) C-2161G in the Promoter Region of Prolactin Gene and its Association with Egg Production in Tellicherry Native Chicken
Authors: Manoharan Azhaguraja , Sankaralingam S. , Anitha P. , Chacko Binoj , Aravindakshan T.V.
Published: July 2021

Background: Prolactin is a physiological candidate gene which has significant effects on egg production in poultry. Also, it plays a major role on incubation behaviour (broodiness) in birds. The main objective of the present study was identification of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) C-2161G in the promoter region of prolactin gene and its association with egg production in Tellicherry native chicken population. Methods: A total of 200 blood samples were collected from the randomly selected birds of Tellicherry native chicken in All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Poultry improvement (AICRP) farm, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala. Isolation of Genomic DNA was done and the isolated samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis to identify the SNP C-2161G of prolactin gene. Result: On the basis of RFLP patterns, birds were designated with three different genotypes namely CC, CG and GG. The allelic and genotypic frequency was calculated. The observed genotypic frequency at the SNP site C-2161G was CC (0.61), CG (0.160) and GG (0.23) and the frequency of allele was 0.69 for C and 0.31 for G. The egg production was shown to be statistically similar for the genotypes of SNP C-2161G.
Phenotypic Evaluation of Grain Zinc Enhanced Wheat Lines for Agronomic and Quality Traits
Authors: Kaur K. , Mavi G.S. , Bhagat I. , Sharma A. , Srivastava P. , Kaur H. , Sohu V.S.
Published: July 2021

Background: Biofortification of wheat (Triticum aestivum) with increased micronutrients via conventional plant breeding is a potential mechanism for alleviating micronutrient deficiencies. As the quantitative inheritance for zinc concentration adds towards greater G x E interactions, the study for significant genotype x location interactions for zinc is an important target towards the production of biofortified wheat. Methods: The present study was conducted to evaluate a set of promising zinc elevated wheat backcross lines containing introgressions from T. monococcum and T. boeoticum for grain zinc (ppm) and iron concentration (ppm), protein content (%) and other agronomic and quality traits. Eighteen promising wheat backcross derivatives (BC1F5 and BC2F5) were evaluated along with donor and recipient parents in a randomized complete block design with three replications at two different locations i.e. Ludhiana and Gurdaspur (Punjab) during 2016-17. Result: Pooled analysis of variance revealed genotype x location interactions were non significant for grain zinc (P greater than 0.05) and protein (P greater than 0.05) which indicated ranking of lines for these traits did not change with location and hence the increase for these traits in wheat lines were stable and not influenced by the environment. The data also indicated a BC2F5 derivative belonging to cross PBW703/BF14//2*PBW703 possessed significantly higher grain zinc concentration at both the locations exhibiting 18% and 16% zinc enhancement over check variety PBW725 at Ludhiana and Gurdaspur, respectively.
Effect of NPK Fertilizer on Nutrient Uptake, Growth, Yield and Beta-carotene of Cutleaf Groundcherry (Physalis angulata L.) of Genotypes
Authors: Yamika W.S.D. , Simbolon G.P. , Waluyo B. , Aini N.
Published: July 2021

Background: Cutleaf groundcherry (Physalis angulata L.) has vitamins that are good for health. There were several genotypes of cutleaf groundcherry that have the potential to be widely cultivation, but information of doses of NPK fertilizer for those genotypes was still limited. The objective of this experiment was to determine the response of cutleaf groundcherry to different rates of NPK fertilizer. Methods: The experiment was conducted May - September 2019 in dry land field. The experiment used a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was genotypes cutleaf groundcherry (PA 01, PA 02 and PA 03) and the second factor was doses of NPK fertilizer (75, 150 and 225 kg ha-1 NPK). Conclusion: The increased in doses of NPK fertilizer to 225 kg ha-1 NPK increased nutrient uptake, plant growth and fresh fruit weight for each genotype of cutleaf groundcherry. Meanwhile ascorbic acid content increased with a dose of 150 kg ha-1 NPK, but decreased with increased NPK fertilizer rates. The beta-carotene content with 75 kg ha-1 NPK fertilizer was higher than with 150 and 225 kg ha-1 doses. The increase of NPK fertilizer doses otherwise decreases the beta-carotene content for each genotype. Shoot dry weight, fresh fruits weight and ascorbic acid in PA 03 genotype higher than PA 01 and PA 02 genotypes.
Desarrollo de un modelo de BI & Analytics usando infraestructura Cloud para la Gestión de PMO en una consultora de TI
Authors:   , Cayllahua Huaman Erick Eduardo , Ramos Arias Felipe Anthonino
Published: July 2021

El presente proyecto de tesis tiene como objetivo analizar, diseñar y modelar la arquitectura software para el proceso de gestión de PMO. Este modelo arquitectural será utilizado como base de soporte a los procesos de gestión de llamadas y tickets de la consultora de TI “NECSIA”. La finalidad del presente proyecto es resolver la situación problemática del proceso mencionado que será parte de un análisis profundo la cual se detallará más adelante. El punto crítico de esta situación problemática es que muchas actividades de extracción, transformación y homologación de datos se realizan de manera manual, lo que impide una correcta centralización del flujo de datos en la empresa. El presente proyecto propone una solución de BI y Analytics donde se destaca el modelo arquitectural 4C que integrará las diversas fuentes de información en un repositorio unificado en Cloud. Por tal motivo, se podrá obtener una adecuada gestión y gobierno de datos, sobre todo en sus cálculos históricos de los proyectos involucrados en el proceso de Gestión de PMO. En este contexto, el documento a presentar plantea el uso del marco de trabajo Zachman para en realizar un análisis profundo del negocio con la finalidad de alinear el proceso evaluado a los objetivos estratégicos del negocio. En cuanto respecta al diseño del Modelado de los procesos de negocio se utilizó la notación BPMN. Este estándar nos permitirá mejorar la descomposición y modularización de las actividades que se involucran en los procesos. Finalmente, la presente solución de BI & Analytics busca ser parte del cambio continuo y estar alineados a los objetivos estratégicos de la empresa.
CHARACTERISATION AND STUDY OF 1- [2- (2-BENZOYLPHENOXY) ETHYL] -6-METHYLURACIL MECHANISM OF ACTION
Authors: Jain (Korsakova) E. A. , Demchenko D. V. , Ozerov A. A. , Makarova M. N. , Makarov V. G. , Balabanyan V. Yu.
Published: July 2021

The aim of the study is to identify 1-[2-(2-benzoylphenoxy) ethyl]-6-methyluracil using various methods of analysis, as well as to study its action mechanism against wild-type and mutant forms of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT).

Materials and methods. To characterize the structure of the test substance, a few kinds of analysis (X-ray diffraction, elemental, thermal) as well as a few kinds of spectroscopy (UV, IR, and NMR) have been used. The study of the action mechanism of the compound as a potential drug was carried out by evaluating the inhibitory activity against HIV-1 RT wild-type and its mutant forms corresponding to drug-resistant viral strains.

Results. The studies have been carried out to confirm the structure of 1-[2-(2-benzoylphenoxy)ethyl]-6-methyluracil. The UV spectrum has a pronounced absorption maximum when measuring a solution of the substance in tetrahydrofuran at the concentration of 0.10 mg / ml. In the IR spectrum, there are specific bands in the range of 4000-370 cm–1. These factors make it possible to use UV and IR spectra to identify the test compound in the substance. It has also been established that the number and mutual arrangement of functional groups, the integrated intensity of signals in the 1H-NMR spectrum, as well as the structure of the carbon skeleton, correspond to the structure of 1-[2-(2-benzoylphenoxy) ethyl]-6-methyluracil. The results of studying the action mechanism showed that the test compound is an effective inhibitor of wild-type HIV-1 RT with an inhibition constant of 0.2 µM, as well as an enzyme inhibitor (mutation G190A) with an inhibition constant of 8 µM; enzyme (mutation Y181C) with an inhibition constant of 10 µM, as well as a reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor (mutation L100I, K103N, V106A) and a double mutant K103N / Y181C with an inhibition constant of more than 20 µM.

Conclusion. As a result of the performed X-ray structural, elemental, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR analyzes, the structure of 1-[2-(2-benzoylphenoxy)ethyl]-6-methyluracil has been confirmed. The possibility of using UV, IR and NMR spectroscopy, as well as thermal analyzes to confirm the authenticity during the verification of 1-[2-(2-benzoylphenoxy)ethyl]-6-methyluracil, has been shown. The developed methods can be used in the quality control and included in the draft of practice guidelines for the investigated substance. The studies of the action mechanism of the compound of HIV-1 RT reverse transcriptase have shown that this compound belongs to the group of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) of HIV-1.
ЕSTIMATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC BURDEN OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE FOR A 5-YEAR PERIOD: A REGIONAL ASPECT
Authors: Orlova E. A. , Umerova A. R. , Dorfman I. P. , Orlov M. A. , Abdullaev M. A.
Published: July 2021

The aim of the study was to estimate the economic damage by COPD, including direct medical and non-medical costs and indirect costs associated with premature deaths of working-age individuals.

Materials and methods. First, estimation of the economic COPD burden in Astrakhan region (AR) was carried out using the clinical and economic analysis of the "cost of illness" (COI). Direct medical costs of inpatient, outpatient, ambulance and emergency medical care, as well as direct non-medical costs associated with the disability benefits payments, were taken into account. Indirect costs were defined as economic losses from undelivered products due to premature deaths of working-age individuals.

Results. From 2015 to 2019, the economic COPD burden in AR amounted to 757.11 million rubles in total, which is equivalent to 0.03% of the gross regional product covering a five-year period of the study. Direct medical and non-medical costs totaled 178.02 million rubles. In the structure of direct medical expenses, expenses for inpatient, as well as ambulance and emergency medical care during the study period, increased by 92.5% and 45.5%, respectively. While the costs for the outpatient care decreased by 31.9%, the increase in direct non-medical costs associated with the disability benefits payments, increased by 5.1% (2019). Indirect losses amounted to 579.09 million rubles.

Conclusion. The structure of the main damage is dominated by indirect losses in the economy associated with premature deaths of working-age individuals. In the structure of direct medical costs, inpatient care costs prevailed. These studies indicate the need to continue an advanced analysis of the economic burden of COPD, as well as to optimize the treatment and prevention of the exacerbations development of this disease.
GǦnero e sexualidade na forma��ǜo de enfermeiros no ensino superior pǧblico brasileiro: estudo documental
Authors: Lima Ana Cristina Santos De , Alves Maria Juscinaide Henrique , Pereira Emanuelly Vieira , Pereira Antonia Priscila , Albuquerque Grayce Alencar , BelǸm Jameson Moreira
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Analisar o conteǧdo das ementas de disciplinas que abordam gǦnero e sexualidade nos cursos de gradua��ǜo em enfermagem. MǸtodo: Pesquisa documental com abordagem mista. Os dados foram coletados com instrumento de elabora��ǜo pr��pria, processados no software IRaMuTeQ, apresentados em quadros, dendograma, categorias temǭticas e analisados interpretativamente. Resultados: O conteǧdo das ementas focalizou-se na saǧde da mulher especificamente nos aspectos reprodutivos; pol��ticas, diretrizes e parǽmetros curriculares; hist��rica da sexualidade; prǭticas pedag��gicas sobre gǦnero e sexualidade; saǧde sexual e reprodutiva; conceito de gǦnero e intersecionalidades; gǦnero como categoria anal��tica e marcadores sociais da diferen��a; masculinidade e saǧde do homem. Conclusǜo: Lacunas na estrutura��ǜo dos curr��culos e abordagem de temǭticas relativas a gǦnero e sexualidade contribuem para fragmenta��ǜo dos processos formativos e prǭticas assistenciais
Simula��ǜo cl��nica no atendimento de enfermagem �� mulher no terceiro trimestre gestacional: valida��ǜo de cenǭrio
Authors: Portela Rafaela Gomes , Viduedo Alecssandra de Fǭtima Silva , Ribeiro Laiane Medeiros , Ponce de Leon Casandra Genoveva Rosales Martins , Schardosim Juliana Machado
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Elaborar e validar um cenǭrio para simula��ǜo cl��nica e checklist para avalia��ǜo do ensino sobre consulta de enfermagem no terceiro trimestre gestacional. MǸtodo: Estudo metodol��gico em 5 etapas (Overview, Scenario, Scenario Desing Progression, Debriefing e Assessment), desenvolvido de novembro de 2019 a julho de 2020. A valida��ǜo foi realizada pelos ju��zes de forma remota, com preenchimento de uma escala likert. Foi calculado o �_ndice de Validade de Conteǧdo (IVC). Resultados: O cenǭrio �_oConduta do enfermeiro frente a uma gestante em fase latente do trabalho de parto na consulta de prǸ-natal�__ e seu checklist foram validados por 5 ju��zes, com IVC igual a 1,0. Conclusǜo: O processo de valida��ǜo atesta o rigor cient��fico com o qual o cenǭrio e o ckecklist foram elaborados, assim permite que seja utilizado com seguran��a, no ensino de gradua��ǜo em enfermagem. Espera-se que este estudo estimule novas pesquisas sobre a temǭtica.
Adesǜo ao tratamento medicamentoso em idosos cardiopatas
Authors: Reis Larissa Corigliano , Soares Rosimeire Angela Queiroz , Rosa Ronaldo Fernandes , Cardoso Luciana Gonzaga dos Santos
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar a adesǜo ao tratamento medicamentoso em idosos cardiopatas. MǸtodo: Pesquisa de campo, descritiva e quantitativa. Consentiram em participar da pesquisa 40 idosos atendidos em um Ambulat��rio de Cardiogeriatria. A coleta de dados ocorreu de agosto a novembro de 2018, com dados sociodemogrǭficos e cl��nicos, Avalia��ǜo Multidimensional da Pessoa Idosa �� avalia��ǜo da adesǜo ao tratamento pelo Brief Medication Questionnaire. Resultados: A idade mǸdia foi de 74+9,9 anos do sexo feminino em 57,7% dos idosos. Segundo o BMQ, 90% dos idosos apresentaram algum tipo de barreira para a adesǜo ao tratamento medicamentoso; 66,7% apresentaram barreiras de �_~Regime�_T, 10,2% de �_~Cren��as�_T e 89,5% de �_~Recorda��ǜo�_T. Conclusǜo: Na avalia��ǜo da adesǜo ao tratamento, segundo o BMQ, as barreiras mais frequentes foram as de �_~Recorda��ǜo�_T, seguidas de �_~Regime�_T e de �_~Cren��as�_T. A frequǦncia dos idosos com barreira de �_~Recorda��ǜo�_T foi maior entre os que utilizavam cinco ou mais medicamentos diǭrios.
Trajet��ria de mulheres assistidas em centro de parto normal e sua rela��ǜo com escolhas terapǦuticas
Authors: Gon��alves DǸbora Lucas Viana , Campos S��ntia Nascimento dos Reis , Souza e Souza Lu��s Paulo , Souza Kleyde Ventura de
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Conhecer trajet��rias de mulheres assistidas em Centro de Parto Normal e a rela��ǜo com suas escolhas de cuidado no parto e nascimento. MǸtodo: Pesquisa qualitativa com 28 mulheres em um Centro de Parto Normal utilizando-se entrevistas em profundidade. Resultados: Emergiram duas grandes categorias. Na primeira, os depoimentos demonstraram o trajeto percorrido para o parto e nascimento e escolhas no cuidado influenciados pelas vivǦncias individuais, impress��es da fam��lia e pessoas do conv��vio social. Na segunda, as mulheres reconheceram o Centro de Parto Normal, como um local de prǭticas diferenciadas no cuidado, sendo um local de aconchego que se assemelha ao lar. Conclusǜo: Os Centros de Parto Normal e a qualifica��ǜo dos profissionais da enfermagem obstǸtrica sǜo estratǸgias para a mudan��a do modelo de aten��ǜo obstǸtrica e, tambǸm, para que as mulheres possam (res)significar o cuidado que lhes Ǹ prestado, possibilitando que recontem suas hist��rias no processo de parto e nascimento.
Impacto da segunda e terceira etapas do mǸtodo canguru: do nascimento ao sexto mǦs
Authors: Alves Fernanda Nascimento , Wolkers Paula , Araujo Lucio , Marques Daniela , Azevedo Vivian Mara Gon��alves de Oliveira
Published: July 2021

Objetivos: Avaliar se o MǸtodo Canguru tem impacto nas taxas de aleitamento materno exclusivo, peso, tempo de interna��ǜo e taxas de reinterna��ǜo. MǸtodo: Trata-se de uma coorte retrospectiva, que incluiu recǸm-nascidos prǸ-termo de muito baixo peso ao nascer, os quais foram divididos em dois grupos: GCCo �_" composto por aqueles assistidos na Unidade de Cuidados Intermediǭrios Neonatal Convencionais; GCCa �_" composto por aqueles que foram assistidos na Unidade de Cuidados Intermediǭrios Neonatal Canguru. Resultados: O grupo GCCa apresentou resultados superiores nas taxas de aleitamento materno exclusivo, no momento da alta hospitalar, primeira consulta ambulatorial, quarto mǦs de idade gestacional corrigida, alǸm de menores taxas de reinterna��ǜo. Conclusǜo: As segunda e terceira etapas do MǸtodo Canguru favoreceram a prǭtica e manuten��ǜo do aleitamento materno exclusivo, alǸm de apresentarem menores taxas de reinterna��ǜo atǸ o sexto mǦs de idade gestacional corrigida.
Proposing Notaries’ Deed Digitalization in Indonesia: A Legal Perspective
Authors: Agustin Ika Yuli , Anand Ghansham
Published: July 2021

Along with emerging technology, a notary public's role should adjust this changing development, mainly dealing with a deed. Technological development inevitably impacts the role of a notary public and the future digitization of notarial deeds. To date, notaries in Indonesia remain implementing laws and regulations that have not been changed. In contrast, technological development has shifted rapidly, especially on the notaries' task in appearing, reading, signing, and using stamps. This study aimed to identify the challenges of implementing notaries’ deed digitalization by taking into account rapid technological development. With legal research, this study showed that as a consequence of technological development, notarial functions’ disruption in Indonesia evoked a concept of a cyber notary, an idea of notarial function through an online system. As it has flourished globally, digital disruptions had brought out an electronic system that changed the implementation of works, business, professions, and functions, mainly to notarial functions. Nevertheless, no specific rules were established to amend Notary Law 02/2014, particularly to the requisites of authentic deeds by a cyber notary. Indonesia applied some restrictions on technology to maintain the legality of authentic deeds to place the notarial profession as a public official consistently.

KEYWORDS: Indonesian Notaries, Technological Development, Deed Digitalization.
Determining State’s Financial Losses in Corruption: An Institutional Power and Constraint in Indonesia
Authors: Suta I Made Gemet Dananjaya , Prabandari I Gusti Agung Mas , Astariyani Ni Luh Gede
Published: July 2021

One of the main elements in corruption is the loss of state finances. It results in confusion impacting law enforcement officials' performance in eradicating corruption. In Indonesia, the Supreme Audit Agency (BPK) is an institution authorized to assess state financial losses. In practice, the Financial and Development Supervisory Agency (BPKP) is another institution with similar power. This study analyzed which institutions have the more appropriate power in determining state financial losses in corruption. Using legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches, this study showed that the BPK is an institution granted the constitutional power to examine state finances' management and responsibility, asserting its more legitimate institution to handle the power to assess the financial losses. Consequently, the BPK is the only state institution that can determine state financial losses. At the same time, the BPKP is only authorized to assess or audit the calculation of state financial losses as an indication of irregularities detrimental to state finances. This study concluded that only the BPK can assess and determine state financial losses used in examining the alleged corruption before the court.

KEYWORDS: Institutional Powers, Financial Audit Institution, Corruption.
STANDARDISASI EKSTRAK KULIT KAYU BANGKAL (Nauclea subdita) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU SEDIAAN KOSMETIKA
Authors: Listianto Raharjo Mohammad , Rahmi Nazarni , Khairiah Nadra , Salim Rais , Rufida Rufida , Tri Cahyana Budi
Published: July 2021

Kulit kayu bangkal dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku kosmetika oleh penduduk lokal Kalimantan Selatan dan telah terbukti mempunyai aktivitas farmakologi yang baik sebagai antibakteri dan antiradikal. Senyawa fenolik merupakan salah satu golongan senyawa yang banyak ditemukan pada tanaman bangkal dan dapat digunakan sebagai marker untuk melakukan standarisasi dan mengetahui stabililitas ekstrak yang akan dikembangkan sebagai sediaan yang efektif dan aman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sediaan bahan aktif antibakteri dan antiradikal dari kayu bangkal yang stabil dan aman untuk aplikasi pada produk farmasi dan kosmetika. Bahan baku yang digunakan adalah kulit kayu bangkal asal Kota Kandangan, Kalimantan Selatan. Proses ekstraksi menggunakan metode perkolasi dengan pelarut akuades, selanjutnya distandardisasi sesuai acuan PPOMN dan diuji stabilitas menggunakan metode accelerated stability dengan marker total fenolik. Ekstrak diuji aktivitas antiradikal terhadap DPPH dan ditentukan nilai IC50, kemudian aktivitas antibakteri diuji terhadap P.acne dan S. aureus dengan metode difusi kertas cakram dan ditentukan MIC dan MBC. Hasil pengujian diperoleh bahwa ekstrak bangkal stabil selama pengujian pada suhu suhu 40°C dan RH 75%. Total fenolik berkisar antara 7,18 ± 0,31 - 7,43 ± 0,21 µg/mg. Penentuan aktivitas antiradikal dengan DPPH menunjukkan IC50 sebesar 3.158,3 μg/mL. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan nilai MIC dari ekstrak bangkal terhadap P.acne dan S. aureus sebesar ≥ 100.000 ppm dan 100.000 ppm. Hasil standardisasi ekstrak menunjukkan ekstrak kayu bangkal dengan metode perkolasi menggunakan pelarut akuades memenuhi baku mutu standar dan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku sediaan kosmetika.
Gene Annotation and Transcriptome Delineation on a de novo Genome Assembly for the Reference Leishmania major Friedlin Strain
Authors: Camacho Esther , González-de la Fuente Sandra , Solana Jose C. , Rastrojo Alberto , Carrasco-Ramiro Fernando , Requena Jose M. , Aguado Begoña
Published: July 2021

Leishmania major is the main causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans. The Friedlin strain of this species (LmjF) was chosen when a multi-laboratory consortium undertook the objective of deciphering the first genome sequence for a parasite of the genus Leishmania. The objective was successfully attained in 2005, and this represented a milestone for Leishmania molecular biology studies around the world. Although the LmjF genome sequence was done following a shotgun strategy and using classical Sanger sequencing, the results were excellent and this genome assembly served as the reference for subsequent genome assemblies in other Leishmania species. Here, we present a new assembly for the genome of this strain (named LMJFC for clarity), generated by the combination of two high throughput sequencing platforms, Illumina short-read sequencing and PacBio Single Molecular Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing, which provides long-read sequences. Apart from resolving uncertain nucleotide positions, several genomic regions have been reorganized and a more precise composition of tandemly repeated gene loci was attained. Additionally, the genome annotation has been improved by adding 542 genes and more accurate coding-sequences defined for around two hundred genes, based on the transcriptome delimitation also carried out in this work. As a result, we are providing gene models (including untranslated regions and introns) for 11,238 genes. Genomic information ultimately determines the biology of every organism; therefore, our understanding of molecular mechanisms will depend on the availability of precise genome sequences and accurate gene annotations. In this regards, this work is providing an improved genome sequence and updated transcriptome annotations for the reference L. major Friedlin strain.
The Complex-Order Fractional Laplacian: Stable Operators, Spectral Methods, and Applications to Heterogeneous Media
Authors: Bueno-Orovio Alfonso , Burrage Kevin
Published: July 2021

Fractional differential equations have become a fundamental modelling approach for understanding and simulating the many aspects of nonlocality and spatial heterogeneity of complex materials and systems. Yet, while real-order fractional operators are nowadays widely adopted, little progress has been made in extending such operators to complex-order counterparts. In this work, we introduce new definitions for the complex-order fractional Laplacian, fully consistent with the theory of averaging of smooth functions over fractal sets, and present tailored spectral methods for their numerical treatment. The proposed complex-order operators exhibit a dual particle-wave behaviour, with solutions manifesting wave-like features depending on the magnitude of the imaginary part of the fractional order. Reaction-diffusion systems driven by the complex-order fractional Laplacian exhibit unique spatio-temporal dynamics, such as equilibrium of diffusion in random materials by interference of scattered waves, conduction block and highly fractionated propagation, or the generation of completely novel Turing patterns. Taken together, our results support that the proposed complex-order operators hold unparalleled capabilities to advance the description of multiscale transport phenomena in physical and biological processes highly influenced by the heterogeneity of complex media.