bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introducing the Special Issue: MOBILizing Language Learning in the 21st Century
Authors: Rocca Sonia
Published: January 2018

Mobilizing paraphrases as ‘making mobile’, alluding to people as well as resources being organized with a clear intent[...]
Vortex Lattice Instabilities in YBa2Cu3O7-x Nanowires
Authors: Rouco Víctor , Massarotti Davide , Stornaiuolo Daniela , Papari Gian , Obradors Xavier , Puig Teresa , Tafuri Francesco , Palau Anna
Published: January 2018

High-resolution focused ion beam lithography has been used to fabricate YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) wires with nanometric lateral dimensions. In the present work, we investigate Flux-flow instabilities in nanowires of different widths, showing sudden voltage switching jumps from the superconducting to the normal state. We present an extensive study on the temperature and field dependence of the switching characteristics which reveal that voltage jumps become less abrupt as the temperature increases, and disappear at the vortex-liquid state. On the contrary, the current distribution at the critical point becomes narrower at high temperatures. Sharp voltage switchings very close to the critical current density can be obtained by reducing the width of the nanowires, making them very appealing for practical applications.
Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius Poepp. & Endl.) as a Novel Source of Health Promoting Compounds: Antioxidant Activity, Phytochemicals and Sugar Content in Flesh, Peel, and Whole Tubers of Seven Cultivars
Authors: Khajehei Forough , Merkt Nikolaus , Claupein Wilhelm , Graeff-Hoenninger Simone
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of seven yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius Poepp. and Endl.) cultivars (Cajamarca, Cusco, Early White, Late Red, Morado, New Zealand and Quinault) cultivated in the southwest of Germany. The following phyto/chemical traits were investigated in different yacon tuber parts (flesh, peel, and whole tubers): total dry matter, sugar content (fructose, glucose, and sucrose content), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 2,20-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The results indicated a significant interaction between cultivar and tuber part on all of the examined traits (p < 0.0001). Of flesh and whole tuber, cv. Late Red, cv. Morado, and cv. Cajamarca had the highest TPC, TFC, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and FRAP. They also had relatively higher total sugar content. Cv. New Zealand had the lowest amount of sugars, TPC, TFC, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and FRAP, but the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity content in its flesh and whole tuber. Moreover, the results indicated that the peel of yacon tubers contained considerably high amounts of phytochemicals while possessing low sugar contents. Overall, this study provides a broad insight into the phyto/chemical content of yacon tubers from different cultivars, which can be used for further breeding programs, and the selection of proper cultivars for specific food product development.
Preliminary Characterization, Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities of Polysaccharides from Taishan Pinus massoniana Pollen
Authors: Zhou Changming , Yin Shaojie , Yu Zhongfang , Feng Yuxiang , Wei Kai , Ma Weiming , Ge Lijiang , Yan Zhengui , Zhu Ruiliang
Published: January 2018

The objectives of the present study were to characterize the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect of the polysaccharides from Taishan Pinus massoniana pollen (TPPPS). HPLC analysis showed that TPPPS was an acidic heteropolysaccharide with glucose and arabinose as the main component monosaccharides (79.6%, molar percentage). Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis indicated that the spectra of TPPPS displayed infrared absorption peaks characteristic of polysaccharides. In in vitro assays TPPPS exhibited different degrees of dose-dependent antioxidant activities , and this was further verified by suppression of CCl4-induced oxidative stress in the liver with three tested doses of TPPPS (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg bw) in rats. Pretreatment with TPPPS significantly decreased the levels of alanine aminotransferase (AST), aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) against CCl4 injuries, and elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Histopathological observation further confirmed that TPPPS could protect the liver tissues from CCl4-induced histological alternation. These results suggest that TPPPS has strong antioxidant activities and significant protective effect against acute hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4. The hepatoprotective effect may partly be related to its free radical scavenging effect, increasing antioxidant activity and inhibiting lipid peroxidation.
PTEN Inhibition in Human Disease Therapy
Authors: Pulido Rafael
Published: January 2018

The tumor suppressor PTEN is a major homeostatic regulator, by virtue of its lipid phosphatase activity against phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3], which downregulates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR prosurvival signaling, as well as by its protein phosphatase activity towards specific protein targets. PTEN catalytic activity is crucial to control cell growth under physiologic and pathologic situations, and it impacts not only in preventing tumor cell survival and proliferation, but also in restraining several cellular regeneration processes, such as those associated with nerve injury recovery, cardiac ischemia, or wound healing. In these conditions, inhibition of PTEN catalysis is being explored as a potentially beneficial therapeutic intervention. Here, an overview of human diseases and conditions in which PTEN inhibition could be beneficial is presented, together with an update on the current status of specific small molecule inhibitors of PTEN enzymatic activity, their use in experimental models, and their limitations as research or therapeutic drugs.
Chloro-1,4-dimethyl-9H-carbazole Derivatives Displaying Anti-HIV Activity
Authors: Saturnino Carmela , Grande Fedora , Aquaro Stefano , Caruso Anna , Iacopetta Domenico , Bonomo Maria , Longo Pasquale , Schols Dominique , Sinicropi Maria
Published: January 2018

Background: Despite the progress achieved by anti-retroviral drug research in the last decades, the discovery of novel compounds endowed with selective antiviral activity and reduced side effects is still a necessity. At present, the most urgent requirement includes the improvement of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) prevention and sexual transmission and the development of new drugs to treat the chronic lifelong infection. Methods: Six chloro-1,4-dimethyl-9H-carbazoles (2a,b–4a,b) have been prepared following opportunely modified known chemical procedures and tested in luciferase and Escherichia coli β-galactosidase expressing CD4+, CXCR4+, CCR5+ TZM-bl cells. Results and Conclusion: a preliminary biological investigation on the synthesized small series of chloro-1,4-dimethyl-9H-carbazoles has been carried out. Among all tested compounds, a nitro-derivative (3b) showed the most interesting profile representing a suitable lead for the development of novel anti-HIV drugs.
The Effect of Methyl-β-cyclodextrin on Apoptosis, Proliferative Activity, and Oxidative Stress in Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells of Horses Suffering from Metabolic Syndrome (EMS)
Authors: Szydlarska Joanna , Weiss Christine , Marycz Krzysztof
Published: January 2018

Methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) is a cyclic oligosaccharide, commonly used as a pharmacological agent to deplete membrane cholesterol. In this study, we examined the effect of MβCD on adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) isolated form healthy horses (ASCCTRL) and from horses suffering from metabolic syndrome (ASCEMS). We investigated the changes in the mRNA levels of the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and found that MβCD application may lead to a significant improvement in glucose transport in ASCEMS. We also showed that MβCD treatment affected GLUT4 upregulation in an insulin-independent manner via an NO-dependent signaling pathway. Furthermore, the analysis of superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels showed that MβCD treatment was associated with an increased antioxidant capacity in ASCEMS. Moreover, we indicated that methyl-β-cyclodextrin treatment did not cause a dysfunction of the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. Thereby, we propose the possibility of improving the functionality of ASCEMS by increasing their metabolic stability.
An Advanced Bio-Inspired PhotoPlethysmoGraphy (PPG) and ECG Pattern Recognition System for Medical Assessment
Authors: Rundo Francesco , Conoci Sabrina , Ortis Alessandro , Battiato Sebastiano
Published: January 2018

Physiological signals are widely used to perform medical assessment for monitoring an extensive range of pathologies, usually related to cardio-vascular diseases. Among these, both PhotoPlethysmoGraphy (PPG) and Electrocardiography (ECG) signals are those more employed. PPG signals are an emerging non-invasive measurement technique used to study blood volume pulsations through the detection and analysis of the back-scattered optical radiation coming from the skin. ECG is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on the skin. In the present paper we propose a physiological ECG/PPG “combo” pipeline using an innovative bio-inspired nonlinear system based on a reaction-diffusion mathematical model, implemented by means of the Cellular Neural Network (CNN) methodology, to filter PPG signal by assigning a recognition score to the waveforms in the time series. The resulting “clean” PPG signal exempts from distortion and artifacts is used to validate for diagnostic purpose an EGC signal simultaneously detected for a same patient. The multisite combo PPG-ECG system proposed in this work overpasses the limitations of the state of the art in this field providing a reliable system for assessing the above-mentioned physiological parameters and their monitoring over time for robust medical assessment. The proposed system has been validated and the results confirmed the robustness of the proposed approach.
Predictions of Planet Detections with Near-infrared Radial Velocities in the Upcoming SPIRou Legacy Survey-planet Search
Authors: Cloutier Ryan , Artigau Étienne , Delfosse Xavier , Malo Lison , Moutou Claire , Doyon René , Donati Jean-Francois , Cumming Andrew , Dumusque Xavier , Hébrard Élodie , Menou Kristen
Published: January 2018

The SPIRou near-infrared spectropolarimeter is destined to begin science operations at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope in mid-2018. One of the instrument’s primary science goals is to discover the closest exoplanets to the solar system by conducting a three- to five-year long radial velocity survey of nearby M dwarfs at an expected precision of ∼1 m s−1, the SPIRou Legacy Survey-Planet Search (SLS-PS). In this study, we conduct a detailed Monte Carlo simulation of the SLS-PS using our current understanding of the occurrence rate of M dwarf planetary systems and physical models of stellar activity. From simultaneous modeling of planetary signals and activity, we predict the population of planets to be detected in the SLS-PS. With our fiducial survey strategy and expected instrument performance over a nominal survey length of ∼3 years, we expect SPIRou to detect

planets including

habitable-zone planets and

Earth-like planets from a sample of 100 M1–M8.5 dwarfs out to 11 pc. By studying mid-to-late M dwarfs previously inaccessible to existing optical velocimeters, SPIRou will put meaningful constraints on the occurrence rate of planets around those stars including the value of

at an expected level of precision of

. We also predict that a subset of

planets may be accessible with dedicated high-contrast imagers on the next generation of extremely large telescopes including

potentially imagable Earth-like planets. Lastly, we compare the results of our fiducial survey strategy to other foreseeable survey versions to quantify which strategy is optimized to reach the SLS-PS science goals. The results of our simulations are made available to the community on GitHub (https://github.com/r-cloutier/SLSPS_Simulations).
The Association of Molecular Gas and Natal Super Star Clusters in Henize 2–10
Authors: Johnson Kelsey E. , Brogan Crystal L. , Indebetouw Remy , Testi Leonardo , Wilner David J. , Reines Amy E. , Chen C.-H. Rosie , Vanzi Leonardo
Published: January 2018

We present ALMA observations of the dwarf starburst galaxy He 2–10 in combination with previous SMA CO observations to probe the molecular environments of natal super star clusters (SSCs). These observations include the HCO+(1-0), HCN(1-0), HNC(1-0), and CCH(1-0) molecular lines, as well as 88 GHz continuum with a spatial resolution of

. After correcting for the contribution from free–free emission to the 88 GHz continuum flux density (∼60% of the 88 GHz emission), we derive a total gas mass for He 2–10 of

M
⊙, roughly 5%–20% of the dynamical mass. Based on a principle component analysis, HCO+ is found to be the best “general” tracer of molecular emission. The line widths and luminosities of the CO emission suggests that the molecular clouds could either be as small as ∼8 pc, or alternately have enhanced line widths. The CO emission and 88 GHz continuum are anti-correlated, suggesting that either the dust and molecular gas are not cospatial, which could reflect that the 88 GHz continuum is dominated by free–free emission. The CO and CCH emission are also relatively anti-correlated, which is consistent with the CCH being photo-enhanced, and/or the CO being dissociated in the regions near the natal SSCs. The molecular line ratios of regions containing the natal star clusters are different from the line ratios observed for regions elsewhere in the galaxy. In particular, the regions with thermal radio emission all have

, and the HCO+/CO ratio appears to be correlated with the evolutionary stage of the clusters.
Tackling the Saturation of Oxygen: The Use of Phosphorus and Sulfur as Proxies within the Neutral Interstellar Medium of Star-forming Galaxies
Authors: James B. , Aloisi A.
Published: January 2018

The abundance of oxygen in galaxies is widely used in furthering our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution. Unfortunately, direct measurements of O/H in the neutral gas are extremely difficult to obtain, as the only O i line available within the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) UV wavelength range (1150–3200 Å) is often saturated. As such, proxies for oxygen are needed to indirectly derive O/H via the assumption that solar ratios based on local Milky Way sight lines hold in different environments. In this paper we assess the validity of using two such proxies, P ii and S ii, within more typical star-forming environments. Using HST-Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) far-UV (FUV) spectra of a sample of nearby star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and the oxygen abundances in their ionized gas, we demonstrate that both P and S are mildly depleted with respect to O and follow a trend, log(P ii/S ii) 

, in excellent agreement with the solar ratio of

over the large range of metallicities (0.03–3.2 Z
⊙) and H i column densities (

(H i)/cm−2] =18.44–21.28) spanned by the sample. From literature data we show evidence that both elements individually trace oxygen according to their respective solar ratios across a wide range of environments. Our findings demonst-rate that the solar ratios of

and

can both be used to derive reliable O/H abundances in the neutral gas of local and high-redshift SFGs. The difference between O/H in the ionized- and neutral gas phases is studied with respect to metallicity and H i content. The observed trends are consistent with galactic outflows and/or star formation inefficiency affecting the most metal-poor galaxies, with the possibility of primordial gas accretion at all metallicities.
2017 en Russie
Authors: Giblin Béatrice
Published: January 2018

La date de parution de ce numéro, octobre 2017, cent ans après la révolution d’Octobre, ne doit bien sûr rien au hasard. Pour la première fois dans l’histoire, un empire disparaissait car son centre, la Russie, décidait de faire sécession. Après la fin des années Eltsine qui laissent la Russie dans une situation géopolitique interne chaotique et très affaiblie sur le plan international, Vladimir Poutine a décidé de remettre la Russie en ordre et de lui redonner son rang international. Cette politique offensive inquiète les Occidentaux. En 2017, quels sont les problèmes géopolitiques que pose la Russie au monde, à son étranger proche, en particulier l’Ukraine et enfin à elle-même ? Les commentateurs sont nombreux à dire qu’avec l’intervention russe en Syrie, ce grand pays a retrouvé la place qui est historiquement la sienne parmi les grands pays avec lesquels il faut compter. C’est à ces questions compliquées que ce numéro double tente partiellement de répondre.
Le cosaque patriote : évolution d’une identité au service de l’État
Authors: Delattre Thomas
Published: January 2018

Depuis l’effondrement de l’URSS, les cosaques ont fait un retour remarqué en Russie. Incarnant à la fois la Russie tsariste et une certaine moralisation de la société russe, le cosaque moderne s’érige doucement comme l’une des incarnations possibles du patriotisme russe. Grâce à des conceptions préexistantes dans la culture cosaque, telle que la patrie ( otetchetsvo ), réinterprétées par les acteurs du renouveau cosaque avec des conceptions postsoviétiques, la cosaquerie a su capter une partie de la demande patriotique de la société russe. Le patriotisme russe s’incarnant d’abord dans l’État, c’est en s’appuyant sur la tradition de la sloujba (service), que les cosaques défendent leur légitimité à servir l’État, notamment par la formation de corps dédiés, comme les cadets cosaques, ou en s’engageant comme auxiliaires de police. Cet article se propose d’exposer la genèse de cette relation si particulière qui unit la cosaquerie au pouvoir russe, et l’influence de cette relation sur l’identité cosaque et son évolution de la Moscovie à aujourd’hui.
Participer ou se réadapter : usages et effets des instances collectives de participation dans un établissement accueillant des personnes traumatisées crâniennes
Authors: Chalivet Annie
Published: January 2018

À la suite de la loi du 2 janvier 2002-2 rénovant l’action sociale et médico-sociale, l’injonction de faire participer les usagers aux décisions les concernant a considérablement modifié les pratiques des équipes. La participation des usagers au fonctionnement des établissements et services continue cependant à questionner les professionnels. Dans un établissement qui accueille pour une période de réadaptation des personnes majoritairement traumatisées crâniennes, comment la participation des usagers dans les instances prévues à cet effet s’articule-t-elle avec la mission centrale de réadaptation, avec quels effets sur les individus et sur le collectif ? Les usagers eux-mêmes, affaiblis par une perte de leurs capacités entraînant un important bouleversement identitaire, subissent-ils le dispositif, ou au contraire parviennent-ils à s’en saisir pour exercer une influence sur le fonctionnement de l’institution, développer et faire reconnaître leur pouvoir d’agir ou encore construire de nouvelles identités valorisées ?
Participer, oui, mais comment ? Éloge de la co-construction
Authors: Dubasque Didier
Published: January 2018

La participation des personnes aidées et accompagnées par les travailleurs sociaux reste trop souvent limitée à l’écoute et au recueil d’avis ou d’expériences. Cette participation devrait plutôt se traduire par un véritable partenariat avec les personnes accompagnées pouvant aller jusqu’à la délégation de pouvoir et de prise de décision. Pour y parvenir, la pratique de la co-construction est à encourager, même si des résistances existent. Cette pratique passe par la co-construction avec elles des conditions de la réussite de leur participation.
Vous avez dit participation ? Apports de l’approche centrée sur le dpa-pc sur cette question
Authors: Jouffray Claire , Étienne Catherine
Published: January 2018

On assiste depuis plusieurs années à une montée en puissance du terme de « participation » dans le champ de l’action sociale et médico-sociale, du moins dans les discours. Pour autant cette participation peine à se traduire dans les actes. Notre objectif est d’essayer de comprendre pourquoi il y a ce décalage et de voir en quoi l’appel à la participation vient bousculer les actuelles pratiques sociales et interroger les rapports travailleurs sociaux-personnes accompagnées. Nous explorons dans un premier temps cette notion de participation, pour voir ensuite comment elle peut se traduire au niveau méthodologique en prenant appui sur l’approche centrée sur le développement du pouvoir d’agir des personnes et des collectifs. Puis nous examinons les ressemblances et les différences entre approche centrée sur le développement du pouvoir d’agir et les concepts et méthodes de l’ empowerment , tels que le Community organizing . Nous concluons notre propos par l’intérêt que peut avoir l’approche centrée sur le développement du pouvoir d’agir quant à la question de l’augmentation du pouvoir des personnes accompagnées.
Négociation et stratégie dans la relation d’aide : la personne partie prenante du changement
Authors: Portal Brigitte
Published: January 2018

La relation d’aide peut être vue comme une démarche s’appuyant sur la négociation des expertises entre un intervenant et une personne pour lui permettre de développer des stratégies efficaces dans sa situation. Ces deux notions seront explorées afin de mettre en valeur leur plus-value dans l’intervention, mais également les conditions nécessaires à leur mise en œuvre. Les expériences en cours menées par des praticiens de terrain dans différents secteurs et avec des publics variés témoignent de l’intérêt d’une approche stratégique fondée sur la négociation à toutes les étapes du processus d’aide. Ces expérimentations montrent que des alternatives existent pour aider « autrement » les personnes, afin qu’elles puissent s’attribuer le mérite du changement qu’elles visent.
Appropriate dose of Lactobacillus buchneri supplement improves intestinal microbiota and prevents diarrhoea in weaning Rex rabbits
Authors: Zhou Y. , Ni X. , Wen B. , Duan L. , Sun H. , Yang M. , Zou F. , Lin Y. , Liu Q. , Zeng Y. , Fu X. , Pan K. , Jing B. , Wang P. , Zeng D.
Published: January 2018

This study examined the effects on intestinal microbiota and diarrhoea of Lactobacillus buchneri supplementation to the diet of weaning Rex rabbits. To this end, rabbits were treated with L. buchneri at two different doses (LC: 104 cfu/g diet and HC: 105 cfu/g diet) for 4 weeks. PCR-DGGE was used to determine the diversity of the intestinal microbiota, while real-time PCR permitted the detection of individual bacterial species. ELISA and real-time PCR allowed the identification of numerous cytokines in the intestinal tissues. Zonula occludens-1, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor and immunoglobulin A genes were examined to evaluate intestinal barriers. Results showed that the biodiversity of the intestinal microbiota of weaning Rex rabbits improved in the whole tract of the treated groups. The abundance of most detected bacterial species was highly increased in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum after L. buchneri administration. The species abundance in the HC group was more increased than in the LC group when compared to the control. Although the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae exhibited a different pattern, Escherichia coli was inhibited in all treatment groups. Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 genes were down-regulated in all intestinal tissues as the microbiota changed. In the LC group, the secretion of the inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-α was reduced, the gene expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-4 was up-regulated and the expression of intestinal-barrier-related genes was enhanced. Conversely, IL-4 expression was increased and the expression of other tested genes did not change in the HC group. The beneficial effects of LC were greater than those of HC or the control in terms of improving the daily weight gain and survival rate of weaning Rex rabbits and reducing their diarrhoea rate. Therefore, 104 cfu/g L. buchneri treatment improved the microbiota of weaning Rex rabbits and prevented diarrhoea in these animals.
Five-Canon Feedback: Triaging Errors in Writing With Classical Rhetoric
Authors: Madson Michael
Published: January 2018

Nurse educators may be asked to provide feedback on writing, encountering the challenge of determining which errors to address, when, and how. This Teaching Tips article, drawing on the author's experience in writing instruction, summarizes a novel framework for error triage: the five canons of classical rhetoric as described by the Roman rhetorician Quintilian.

J Contin Nurs Educ.
2018;49(2):57–59.
Comparisons of Knowledge of Dutch Nursing Students and Hospital Nurses on Aging
Authors: Dikken Jeroen , Bakker Alice , Hoogerduijn Jita G. , Schuurmans Marieke J.
Published: January 2018

Background:

Although there is a growing population of older adults admitted to hospitals, the literature demonstrates knowledge deficits of nurses regarding older patients. This study investigated knowledge levels of both nursing students and RNs about older hospitalized patients in relation to their educational level and work experience.

Method:

First- and final-year vocational and bachelor nursing students, and associate degree and bachelor degree nurses working in the hospital setting with 0 to 5 years, 6 to 15 years, and more than 15 years of experience, have completed the Knowledge about Older Patients–Quiz (KOP-Q). The KOP-Q has a clearly described theoretical base finding its origin in knowledge regarding nursing care for older patients and shows good content and construct validity.

Results:

A substantial proportion of participants in all groups demonstrated insufficient knowledge about older patients. A difference in knowledge exists among nurses with different educational qualifications, and a link between years of experience and higher knowledge levels of nurses is found.

Conclusion:

Throughout the nursing career, basic care topics in relation to care for older patients should play a key role in basic nursing education programs, as well as for continuing education programs provided in hospitals for nurses.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(2):84–90.
COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE OS PADRÕES DE GERENCIAMENTO DE PROJETOS PMBOK, ICB E PRINCE2
Authors: Santos Paola Ramos dos , Santos Mario Roberto dos , Shibao Fabio Ytoshi
Published: January 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar os três padrões tradicionais de gerenciamento de projetos, no caso, Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), Competence Baseline (ICB - IPMA) e Projects In Controlled Environments (PRINCE2), e verificar se os padrões deverão ser utilizados separadamente ou poderão ser utilizados em conjunto. Mostrou-se os conceitos do PMBOK, suas dez áreas de conhecimentos (Riscos, Recursos humanos, Escopo, Custo, Qualidade, Partes interessadas, Tempo, Integração, Comunicação, Aquisições), seus cinco grupos de processos (Iniciação, Planejamento, Execução, Monitoramento e controle e Encerramento) e seus 47 processos. Apresentou-se o ICB, o olho da competência, as três competências (Técnicas, Comportamentais e Contextuais) e seus 46 elementos. Descreveram-se os sete princípios do PRINCE2 (Justificativa de negócio, Aprender a partir da experiência, Papéis e Responsabilidades, Gerenciamento por estágios, Gerenciamento por exceção, Foco no produto), os sete temas (Business Case, Organização, Qualidade, Plano, Risco, Mudança, Progresso), e seus sete processos. Compararam-se os três padrões e dessa comparação concluiu-se que os três padrões podem ser utilizados de acordo com o entendimento do gerente do projeto, podendo usá-los de forma complementar.
Calcite production by the calcifying green alga Phacotus lenticularis
Authors: Lenz Sebastian , Gruenert Uta , Geist Juergen , Stiefel Michael , Lentz Maren , Raeder Uta
Published: January 2018

The importance of carbonate precipitation by phytoplankton in fresh water lakes has not been sufficiently considered in global carbon cycles and climate change scenarios. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of the calcifying bivalved phytoflagellate Phacotus lenticularis (Ehrenberg) Deising 1866 on the total calcite precipitation in five European hard-water lakes. For this purpose, an accurate mass determination of single Phacotus lenticularis shells was required. We developed a novel methodological approach to precisely determine the volume and mass of the calcified shells. Focused ion beam (FIB) techniques were employed to investigate internal structural features. Thin layer cross-sections of the shell profiles were reproduced and perforation as well as the crystalline structure of the calcite plates were monitored. 3D-shell models were computed by 360° rotation of the shell cross-sections using a CAD 3D imaging software to calculate precise volumes and estimate realistic masses. In contrast to previous estimates, we determined a 2.8-fold higher shell mass of 0.86 ng CaCO3 (standard deviation SD = 0.18) for the highly massive shells at a mean volume per individual of 334.1 µm³ (SD = 70). An initial shell porosity of less than 5% was derived from thin layer cross-section images, resulting in a presumed mean shell density of 0.0026 ng µm−3. The shell diameter was significantly influenced by the lake’s origin. The shells from each lake displayed substantial variations in diameter and shape. The pores in the shells showed two variations. Wider pore canals penetrated the whole shell wall, whereas small, elongated pores were located along the interspaces between calcite crystals with tabular habit. The approximate average dimensions of these calcite plates were 1.0 × 1.6 × 0.2 µm. The mean lateral wall thickness at the rim and centre of the shell were 1.98 µm (SD = 0.42) and 0.79 µm (SD = 0.17), respectively. The average carbonate precipitation by Phacotus lenticularis in relation to the total epilimnetic suspended calcite precipitation was 6.0% in the oligotrophic lake Großer Ostersee (Bavaria, Germany). During the growing season, Phacotus lenticularis contributed up to 21% of the particulate calcium carbonate in the epilimnion. These findings suggest that Phacotus lenticularis should be considered in the assessment of hard-water lake carbon cycling.
Revelation 1–11
Authors: Leithart Peter J.
Published: January 2018

The Book of Revelation is the last book in the canon of the New Testament, and its only apocalyptic document, though there are short apocalyptic passages in various places in the gospels and the epistles. This first of two volumes on Revelation offers systematic and thorough interpretation of the book of Revelation. Revelation brings together the worlds of heaven, earth and hell in a final confrontation between the forces of good and evil. Its characters and images are both real and symbolic, spiritual and material, and it is frequently difficult to know the difference between them.

Revelation’s cryptic nature has ensured that it would always be a source of controversy. This commentary focuses on the theological content, gleaning the best from both the classical and modern commentary traditions and showing the doctrinal development of Scriptural truths. Scholarship on the book of Revelation has nonetheless not only endured, but even captured the imagination of generations of Bible students, both professionals and laypeople alike. Through its focus on the message of the book through scholarly analysis, this International Theological Commentary reconnects to the ecclesial tradition of biblical commentary as an effort in ressourcement, though not slavish repetition.
Public Sphere Dialogue in Online Newspapers and Social Spaces: The Nuclear Debate in Post Fukushima France
Authors: De La Poype Ann-Louise , Sood Suresh
Published: January 2018

The meltdown at the Japanese Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (March 2011) provided a trigger to contribute this research about the ways in which French newspapers facilitate (or not) a public dialogue on the issue of nuclear energy. Nuclear power not only generates over 75% of the electricity in France but also sustains a healthy domestic job creation program and drives nuclear technology exports. Hence, the absence of public debate amongst the French in nuclear energy over the long term is not surprising. Against this backdrop of French nuclear interests and post Fukushima, this paper presents a French language computer-mediated discourse analysis on nuclear debates and discussions taking place online in the hybrid public sphere. This space straddles user-generated content in the public comment spaces of newspapers embracing the spectrum of political persuasions (Le Figaro, Le Monde and Liberation) and social media.

Qualitative and quantitative research methods uncover citizen interactions within the online public sphere comprising newspapers. Findings illuminate the progress of deliberations on nuclear power in online newspapers following a process of agenda setting through news stories, providing space for public dialogue and the digital curating of social media commentary. Furthermore, the research reveals the relevance of the Habermasian public sphere concept within the context of online newspapers. Key learning for the role of the media in fostering the democratic process using social media and insights for the political communications landscape within the context of the nuclear debate compliment the research.
The Prerogative of Mercy in NSW (2007) Vol 1 Art 6
Authors: Azize Joseph
Published: January 2018

The prerogative of mercy, as it applies in New South Wales, is considered in its historical context. It emerges that in 1987 the prerogative was supplemented and, to an extent, displaced by the establishment of what might be better termed ‘an extraordinary avenue of appeal’ now to be found in Part 7 Crimes (Appeal and Review) Act 2001 (NSW). It is argued that there are occasions when the prerogative power should be exercised to the full. Some proposals are made for reform of Part 7 of the Act.
My home, my school, my island: home education in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Varnham Sally Elizabeth Anne
Published: January 2018

“I suppose it is because nearly all children go to school nowadays, and have things arranged for them, that they seem so forlornly unable to produce their own ideas”

Agatha Christie

There is evidence that more and more parents in the developed countries worldwide are choosing to educate their children at home. This is despite, or because of, the existence of comprehensive government education systems which assume state responsibility. New Zealand and Australia, in common with countries in the European Community, the United States and Canada have education legislation which aims to ensure that education is free, available and compulsory to all children generally between the ages of 5 and 15. Government schools are publicly funded and this funding inevitably comes with varying degrees of state control. There is also, in New Zealand and Australia, private and church education available for those parents who want a formal education for their children outside the government system. Despite these alternatives, parents are increasingly electing not to entrust the education of their children to any of the formal systems and are choosing instead to assume sole responsibility for this education. How do governments respond to this exercise of parental choice? This paper examines the current legal position of home education in Australia and New Zealand. It considers the reasons so many parents are now choosing to opt their children out of schools and keep them at home; and the extent to which the state allows them this choice.
Teachers and Social Networking Sites: Think Before You Post
Authors: Russo Charles , Squelch Joan , Varnham Sally Elizabeth Anne
Published: January 2018

Social networking sites are highly popular and have profoundly changed the way people, including educators, communicate and interact. For many teachers the use of Facebook and MySpace is seen as a valuable educational tool and an integral part of their private social interaction. However, the exponential growth in the use of social networking sites by students and teachers alike has presented new legal, ethical and professional challenges for teachers and school administrators. Teachers might argue that their social networking sites are personal websites but they are ultimately very public spaces that leave an electronic trail that can have serious, albeit unintended, consequences for teachers who breach professional codes of conduct and education laws. Teachers face the risk of censured speech, professional misconduct and possible dismissal for posting inappropriate information including comments and pictures on these websites. The purpose of this article is to examine the legal and professional risks for teachers using social networking sites and it offers suggestions that school administrators might incorporate in their policies with regard to teachers’ use of social networking sites. The first part of the article reviews relevant US cases and the second part focuses on the following legal issues – free speech, privacy and security of information, professional conduct, and the implications for teachers and school administrators in the US, Australia and New Zealand. Included in the second part are some practical recommendations for teachers and their lawyers as they develop policies addressing the use of social networking websites in the educational workplace.
Geosystemics and Earthquakes
Authors: De Santis Angelo , Cianchini Gianfranco , Di Giovambattista Rita , Abbattista Cristoforo , Alfonsi Lucilla , Amoruso Leonardo , Carbone Marianna , Cesaroni Claudio , De Franceschi Giorgiana , De Santis Anna , Ippolito Alessandro , Marchetti Dedalo , Martino Luca , Pavòn-Carrasco Francisco Javier , Perrone Loredana , Piscini Alessandro , Rainone Mario Luigi , Spogli Luca , Santoro Francesca
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Geosystemics (De Santis 2009, 2014) studies the Earth system as a whole focusing on the possible coupling among the Earth layers (the so called geo-layers), and using universal tools to integrate different methods that can be applied to multi-parameter data, often taken on different platforms. Its main objective is to understand the particular phenomenon of interest from a holistic point of view. In this paper we will deal with earthquakes, considered as a long term chain of processes involving, not only the interaction between different components of the Earth’s interior, but also the coupling of the solid earth with the above neutral and ionized atmosphere, and finally culminating with the main rupture along the fault of concern (De Santis et al., 2015a). Some case studies (particular emphasis is given to recent central Italy earthquakes) will be discussed in the frame of the geosystemic approach for better understanding the physics of the underlying complex dynamical system.
The Level of Creative Thinking Skills among Gifted and Ordinary Students in Tafila Governorate
Authors: Turkey Jehad
Published: January 2018

This study aimed to identify the level of creative thinking skills among gifted and ordinary students, according to the type of school and academic level variables. The study sample consisted of 60 male and female students who joined the King Abdullah II School for Excellence in the eighth, ninth, and tenth grades, who were chosen purposely. In addition, the study sample consisted of 70 male and female students from public schools in Tafila Governorate, who were chosen randomly. Adapted Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT) Module “A” (Verbal form) was used to measure their creativity skills. The results of the study indicated that the level of creative thinking skills among all participants was on "average"/medium, but “means” of results were higher in favor of the gifted students in all creative thinking skills (fluency, flexibility, originality). Further, there were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α=0.05) as shown in creative thinking skills (fluency, originality) between the ordinary and gifted students, as well as, the total score. While there were statistically significant differences in the skill of flexibility, for the benefit of gifted students. The results also indicated that there were statistically significant differences in creative thinking among gifted students' skills according to the academic level variable whereas, there were significant differences in originality skill of gifted students. They were in favor of the tenth grade students (highest class).
Brain Tumor Treatment: 2017 Update
Authors: Chakraborty Adri , Han Jennifer , Faltas Cristina , Coleman Natalia
Published: January 2018

Malignant brain tumors are a heterogeneous group of diseases arising from different cell types that affect both adults and children. The high recurrence rate of malignant brain tumors typically is due to reappearance of focal masses, indicating that a sub population of tumor cells are insensitive to current therapies and may be responsible for reinitiating tumor growth. It is generally agreed that the resistant tumor cells are comprised of cancer stem cells or tumor-initiating cells. While brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) were first isolated within the last decade, much of the early research has been focused on identifying the BTSC markers and therapeutic targets. The challenge however, is to translate this knowledge to therapeutics. In the current review, we survey the remedial strategies to target BTSCs, which includes diagnostic, pharmacologic, immunologic, viral, and post-transcriptional approaches.
Community-based Bamboo Stands Management in the Kali Bekasi Watershed, Indonesia
Authors: Utami Ni Wayan Febriana , Arifin Hadi Susilo , Nurhayati HSA , Wijaya Syartinilia
Published: January 2018

A high rate of vegetation clearing around the upper stream of Kali Bekasi watershed currently causes various environmental problems, such as floods. The impacts occur predominantly in downstream area, mostly affecting cities, due to a disruption of the ecosystem in the upper stream. The main function of the upper stream to humans is acting as a buffer to protect downstream areas from flooding, run-off, as well as biodiversity protection. To achieve this, many varieties of plant are grown including bamboo plantations, which serve as a buffer plants on critical land especially with steep contours. In this study we aim to provide a better understanding of the effectiveness of different bamboo stands buffering to improve information for making management recommendation. We examine different points along the stream by mapping bamboo distribution, analyzing bamboo and non-bamboo (tree) stands diversity and biomass, and provide recommendations for bamboo management based on combining our findings with local ecological knowledge. We implemented image classification analysis for classifying bamboo and non-bamboo land use cover. We also measured bamboo and non-bamboo diversity by using Shannon’s-Wienner diversity index. Our results showed that bamboo occupies approximately 5,360.89 ha or 11.39% of total area with six bamboo species. The highest bamboo diversity index was in the upper part of the Kali Bekasi watershed (0.62). In contrary, the highest bamboo biomass index was found in the lower part of the upper stream of Kali Bekasi watershed (98.96 ton ha-1). We also discovered about 29 species of tree (230 trees) and 27 above-ground plant species in the surveyed area. As a result of our findings, we propose a shift towards bamboo agroforestry management in a mixed garden of talun form, where the community implement their local knowledge on bamboo cultivation and management to maintain the bamboo. This option could improve cooperation among farmers and the local community in order to conserve bamboo and tree species diversity in harmony to local wisdom.
Modeling the Transition State Structures of the Reductive-Half Reaction Active Site of Xanthine Oxidase Bound to Guanine Analogues: A Density Functional Theory Approach
Authors: Alem Mamaru Bitew , Ayele Yilkal Bezie
Published: January 2018

Modeling and characterization the transition state structure of enzyme catalyzed reactions is essential. A DFT method employing B3LYP level of theory with 6-31G (d',p') basis set for non-metals and LanL2DZ basis set for molybdenum have been used. The bond orders of chemical fragments were calculated using AOmix softaware. The effect of chalcogen replacement, amine group and methyl group in the parent structure of xanthine bound to xanthine oxidase active site were compared. The transition state structure of model substrates (2AX, 2A6TP, 2A6SP and 2A6MP) bound to the truncated form of XO active site has been confirmed by the presence of one negative imaginary frequencies (s-1) (-60), (-140), (-230) and (-270), respectively. The corresponding normalized energy barriers (kcal/mol) from pre-transition state to the transition state, respectively, are (13.869), (21.753), (23.109) and (0.212). In this work, 2A6SP and 2A6TP substrates were found to be potential xanthine oxidase inhibitors. The large bond distances and minimum bond order for CRH-HRH bond, and small bond distances and maximum bond order for SMo-HRH bond at the transition state for chalcogen replaced 2AX confirms early transition state structure. Methyl substituted 2AX analog found to have post transition state structure. A potential xanthine oxidase inhibitor can be designed from purine family enzymes using DFT approach.
Derivatives of 2-Aminopyridines as Inhibitors of Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Strains
Authors: Ante Iniobong E. , Aboaba Sherifat A , Siddiqui Hina , Bashir Muhammad A , Choudhary Muhammad I
Published: January 2018

A new series of 2-aminopyridine derivatives were synthesised. N-acylation of 2-amino-3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl) pyridine and 2-amino-5-(trifluoromethyl) pyridine with series of acid chlorides afforded a total of fourteen (14) amide compounds. The structures of the new compounds have been established by their IR, NMR and mass spectra data. All the compounds were tested for their activity against four (4) multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria Staphylococcus aureus strains using microplate alamar blue assay. The MDR-Staphylococcus aureus strains employed for this study were Epidermic Methicilin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (EMRSA-17), Methicilin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA-252), Epidermic Methicilin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (EMRSA-16) and Pakistani Drug resistant clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus (PRSA). Other bacteria strains also used include Escherichia coli (ATCC 2592), Shigella flexenari (ATCC 12022), Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC 6571) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCTC 10662). The synthesised compounds exhibited very good activity against the four MDR-Staphylococcus aureus strains of which most of the compounds showed higher potencies for inhibiting the growth of the strains than vancomycin, the standard drug employed. The compounds reported here may serve as the starting point for the design and development of MDR-S.aureus inhibitors as antibacterial agents.