bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breeding bird abundance and diversity greatest in high-severity wildfire patches in eastern hardwood forests
Authors: Greenberg Cathryn , Moorman Christopher E. , Elliott Katherine J. , Martin Katherine , Hopey Mark
Published: May 2022

Background
Recent studies showed a connection between pyrodiversity and biodiversity in the western US, but few examined bird response to fire severity in eastern hardwood forests. We measured forest structure and conducted avian point counts for five years (2016–2021; Y1-Y5) in three burned and three unburned watersheds following mixed-severity wildfires to compare breeding bird communities across a fire-severity gradient (no burn (NB), low (L), low-moderate (LM), moderate (M), moderate-high (MH), and high (H)) in the southern Appalachian region.
Results
The percentage of wildfire-killed trees increased with fire-severity category (FSC) and over time; by Y5, 74% (48% BA) were dead in H compared to 11% (3% BA) in L. Post-wildfire shrub recovery was rapid, especially in H and MH where cover exceeded all other FSCs by Y5. Total bird abundance and species richness increased with increasing fire severity (no change in NB and L) and exceeded all other FSCs in H and MH by Y5. Most (12 of 18 tested) species were unaffected by wildfire severity. Disturbance-dependent chestnut-sided warbler (Setophaga pensylvanica), indigo bunting (Passerina cyanea), and eastern towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus) increased in H within 3–4 years; white-breasted nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis), hooded warbler (Setophaga citrina), and blue-headed vireo (Vireo solitarius) increased in some burned FSCs and years. Shrub-nesters were more abundant in H than all other FSCs except MH and increased over time in H, MH and LM. Cavity-nesters were more abundant in H, MH and M than L or NB, but primary cavity-nesters (woodpeckers) alone were not.
Conclusions
Our results highlight the interrelated roles of fire severity and time in driving breeding bird response in central hardwood forests, illustrated by sharp contrasts in bird responses between L (no effects) and higher-severity (H and MH) burns that promoted disturbance-dependent species, but also a more gradual increase in total bird abundance and species richness in LM and M corresponding with delayed tree mortality and shrub recovery. We suggest that high-severity burns are more important than pyrodiversity per se in promoting bird diversity, as disturbance-dependent species were mainly associated with high-severity burns whereas no species was limited to unburned forests or lower-severity burns (L-M).
Bipolar Disorder and Sexuality: A Preliminary Qualitative Study
Authors: Krogh Helle B. , Vinberg Maj , Mortensen Gitte Lee , Skakke Ditte , Nielsen Dorthe , Giraldi Annamaria
Published: May 2022

BackgroundIndividuals with mental health disorders have a higher risk of sexual problems impacting intimate relations and quality of life. For individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) the mood shifts might to a particular degree affect their sexual function with possible hypersexual interest during manic episodes and with low sexual interest during depressive episodes. The diagnosis is often given in late adolescence, which may impact sexual identity and development. Only few studies have looked at BD and sexual life, with no qualitative research on the topic. We conducted a qualitative pilot study exploring sexuality in connection to mood swings in five participants with BD. ResultsThematic content analysis revealed five themes: 1) sexual drive and impulses, 2) sexual behavior, 3) thoughts and feelings in relation to sexual issues, 4) intimate relationships, and 5) sexuality and identity. During manic episodes the participants described having a higher sexual drive, leading for some to more sexual interactions. During depressed episodes, the sexual drive in the three female participants were low, however, in the two men, rather than a reduced sexual drive, a more self-destructive way of engaging in sex prevailed. The sexual outgoing behavior during manic phases was described as joyful, with no feelings of shame connected to it. However, the shifts in sexual drive connected to mood shifts affected the participants’ relationships negatively. Further, all of the participants described having an outgoing sexual behavior in their youth and before a diagnosis of BD. ConclusionsThe findings suggest that changes in sexual drive may act as a trigger or early warning symptoms of new episodes, pinpointing the clinical relevance of addressing sexual in individuals with BD. Further, all participants described having an outgoing sexual behavior in their youth before the onset of BD, which might be essential to consider if there is a clinical suspension of BD in an individual.
Proprioceptive vibratory stimulation modulates cortico-muscular postural response
Authors: Barollo Fabio , Rigoni Isotta , Gargiulo Paolo , Fratini Antonio
Published: May 2022

For decades, postural control has been believed to be dominated by reflexive mechanisms, but more recent evidence characterizes it as an articulate system which relies on multisensory integration (vestibular, visual, proprioceptive) and cortical coordination to preserve balance in the wake of external disruptions to the quiet stance. Corrective strategies to stabilise the body’s center of mass and prevent falls are planned at the central nervous system level and executed through the modulation of muscular activity, especially in the lower legs muscles: gastrocnemius, soleus and tibialis. In this study, we use localized proprioceptive vibratory stimulation to induce a perturbation of the subjects’ quiet stance. By integrating traditional force plate data with electrophysiological signals (EEG and EMG), we use cortico-muscular and inter-muscular coherence to investigate how brain and muscles interact to shape an effective response to a postural challenge. Our results show how the cortical drive is enhanced in beta [13-30]Hz and gamma [30-45]Hz bands, specifically for the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles, during the task execution. We also reveal a remodulation of the lower legs muscle network, with a distributed strengthening of muscle activity coupling.
Novel thrombosis diagnostic strategies: left lateral decubitus computed tomography before catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kaliyev Bauyrzhan Bakhytovich , Raushan Rakhimzhanova Ibzhanovna , Tairkhan Dautov Bekbolatovich , Lyazzat Bastarbekova Abylkhanovna , Azhar Kabdullina Musluymkhanovna , Zhanar Moldakhanova Akbergenovna , Bimakhan Almas Zhangirkhanuly , Ismailova Umida Utkirovna
Published: May 2022

Background
Assessing thromboembolic risk is important for patients with atrial fibrillation. The use of new scanning techniques in clinical practice has not been sufficiently investigated. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of left lateral decubitus computed tomography for diagnosing left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus as a screening tool before catheter ablation and to evaluate the risk factors for thrombus formation.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study included 101 patients. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and left lateral decubitus cardiac computed tomography (CT). Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was provided only to confirm the LAA thrombus. Patients with allergic reactions to iodide, increased creatinine levels, hyperthyroidism, pregnancy, and age < 18 years were excluded. The CHA2-DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores were calculated in each patient.
Results
All LAA thrombi detected on CT were confirmed on TEE. Higher CHA2-DS2-VASc, HAS-BLED scores, enlarged left atrium, and the anteroposterior dimension of the left atrium were significantly associated with LAA thrombus. An LAA cauliflower shape is a predictor of LAA thrombus. An increase of LAA volume by 1 cm3 increases the chances of LAA thrombus and cerebral infarct by 2%. The growth of the LAA anteroposterior size by 1 cm increases the risk of LAA thrombus by 2.9 times and of cerebral infarct by 78%. An increase in the CHA2DS2-VASc score by 1 point increases the risk of thromboembolism and cerebral infarction by 12%.
Conclusion
Cardiac CT with the patient positioned on the left side is a good screening tool to determine LAA thrombus and provides highly useful information for predicting thrombosis formation risk in LAA.
Would you own a ROBOT? : A detailed research on
public response to the nooks and crannies of owning a robot
Authors: Dahal Ashim
Published: May 2022

The utility aspects of robots in our day to day tasks have been diminished over the fear of them taking over humanity, especially thanks to unrealistic movies. But how much should the public care about having or owning a robot? What tasks do we want robots to do? Which workforce do we want a robot to join? How comfortable are we sharing our data with a robot? And given the circumstances of an economy sustained by our automated metal friends, will we still want to continue our jobs? In this research, we try to find answers to all these questions.
Assessing native grassland species potential to compete with the invasive grass Eragrostis plana
Authors: Roitman Alice , Thomas Pedro Augusto , Müller Sandra Cristina
Published: May 2022

Ecological restoration of degraded areas can be important to prevent or slow down invasions of alien species. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of native species in applying the seeding technique and to compete with the invader Eragrostis plana, aiming ecological restoration at Campos Sulinos grasslands (South Brazil). Seeds of six native species (Anthaenantia lanata, Aristida laevis, Aristida jubata, Chamaecrista repens, Panicum olyroides and Paspalum plicatulum) and of E. plana were sown in isolated and competition (one native species plus the invader) pots. Germination rate, survival rate, germination rate index (GRI), above and belowground biomass were analyzed using ANOVAs and GLMs, and the impact of native species’ attributes at the invader biomass were analyzed using linear regressions. We found that Arista laevis and A. jubata had the highest germination and GRI, although had low survival. Anthaenantia lanata and Paspalum plicatulum had medium germination rate and GRI, but P. plicatulum had high survival and was the only native species to achieve a great biomass development. The invader proved to be a great competitor, with a high GRI, germination and survival rate and biomass production. High germination speed didn’t inhibit the early growth of the invader, although our results show that a high production of native biomass can slow down the development of E. plana. The only native species that was as predominant as the invader at the competition pots was P. plicatulum, and further studies can be important to understand the dynamic between those two species.
Histological and Immunohistochemical Braf V600e Mutation Detection in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Escobar Juliana , Guzmán Guillermo Edinson , Urbano Maria Alejandra , Ballen Laura Juliana , Martínez Veline , Arrunategui Ana
Published: May 2022

Background: Differentiated thyroid cancer is the most frequent malignant endocrine neoplasia in the world. Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common type and has the best prognosis. BRAF mutations are reported in 40–70% of patients and are associated with worse prognostic factors. Materials and methods: A bispective diagnostic test study was carried out by real-time PCR, immunohistochemical and histological tests in patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer between 2013–2016 and who participated in a study of the BRAF V600E mutation at the Fundación Valle del Lili University Hospital (FVL) in Cali Colombia. Results: Samples from 18 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma were evaluated by a real-time PCR test for the BRAF gene. It was determined that 69% of the samples had histological characteristics suggestive of the mutation; however, when compared with PCR, the performance of the histological observations had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 75%. On the other hand, immunohistochemistry showed a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 50%.Conclusion: Immunohistochemistry and histology features can be used as an alternative test to molecular sequencing. Compared with PCR, these tests show great sensitivity and low specificity. Molecular confirmation of the mutation is necessary.
Coupled plasma filtration adsorption for the treatment of sepsis or septic shock ： a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yuting , Li Hongxiang , Guo Jianxing , Wang Youquan , Zhang Dong
Published: May 2022

Background: The effect of coupled plasma filtration adsorption(CPFA) for the treatment of sepsis or septic shock is controversial. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of CPFA on all-cause mortality in patients with sepsis or septic shock.Methods: We searched the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases for randomized controlled trials(RCTs) and cohort studies from inception to the 1st of May 2022. We included studies involving patients (˃14 years) with sepsis or septic shock. All authors reported our primary outcome of all-cause mortality(hospital mortality, 28-day mortality or 30-day mortality). Results were expressed as odds ratio (OR) with accompanying 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: Six studies including 537 patients were included. The primary outcome of this meta-analysis showed that the all-cause mortality was about 54.2% (119/243 in the CPFA group and 172/294 in the control group). There was no statistically significant difference in the all-cause mortality between two groups(odds ratio [OR]=0.75;95% CI, 0.53 to 1.06; P=0.11;Chi2=14.04; I2=64%).Conclusions: The treatment of CPFA failed to decrease all-cause mortality of sepsis or septic shock patients. Further large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the ability of this therapy to improve clinical outcomes are still required to confirm these results.
Antibiotics-induced transfer of resistance genes and emergence of new resistant bacteria in red swamp crayfish guts and culture sediments
Authors: Jin Xuexia , Liu Sizhen , Zhang Zhenting , Liu Tong , Liang Yunxiang , Zheng Jinshui , Peng Nan
Published: May 2022

Background
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) can be transferred from environmental microbes to human pathogens, which could lead to treatment failure of bacterial infections. The aquaculture, which is polluted by current and past over-used antibiotics, is considered as a notorious reservoir of ARGs. However, the fact on the mobilization of ARGs in aquaculture systems, and their contributions to the emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) remain elusive.
Results
We used crayfish as an aquatic animal model to analyze longitudinal changes of bacterial communities, ARGs and mobile gene elements (MGEs) in the gut and sediment samples in response to enrofloxacin administration. Our metagenomic analysis revealed significant perturbations of the microbiota and ARGs compositions in the gut compared to those in sediments, which is characterized by a obviously delayed recovery after antibiotic administration. The significantly positive correlation between the total abundance of ARGs and MGEs was observed and MGEs were frequently located close to ARGs in genomes of the bacteria from Enterobacteriaceae. These mobile ARGs had high intracellular and intercellular transferred potential by transposon-mediated recombination in gut and sediment samples in the pressure of antibiotics. In addition, multiple antibiotic resistant pathogens of Enterobacteriaceae and other new ARBs had emerged and proliferating under the pressure of antibiotic.
Conclusion
Our findings showed that MGEs facilitated the diffuse of ARGs through horizontal gene transfer mainly in the bacteria from Enterobacteriaceae family in gut and sediment environments. Especially, the transposase-mediated recombination was the major driver of the transfer for ARGs in the pressure of antibiotics. Simultaneously, the changes in community composition as the emerged and proliferating of the multiple resistant pathogenic bacteria played a crucial role in the augment of various ARGs.
Parents perspectives on communications with physicians at the point of initiation of invasive long-term ventilation of a child: a scoping review
Authors: Greene Jo , Quirke Mary Brigid , Alexander Denise , Doyle Carmel , Brenner Maria
Published: May 2022

Purpose
An increasing number of children with complex and integrated care needs (CICN) are dependent on medical technology such as invasive long-term ventilation (LTV) to sustain their lives. However, the sensitive nature of communications between parents and physicians at the point of initiation of technology dependence is under explored. A systematic scoping review was conducted to map existing research and understand the range of parental perspectives on communications with physicians at this key decision-making milestone.
Methods
Guided by the methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley, a three-step screening process resulted in ten articles from the 445 initially identified, as meeting the selection criteria for inclusion. Adopting Braun and Clarke’s approach, this qualitative evidence was thematically analysed.
Results
Three overarching themes emerged which describe communications at the point of initiation of LTV: the need to ventilate, navigating medical decision-making and perceptions of communications with physicians.
Conclusions
Parents are located at the centre of the decision-making process, but their lack of knowledge of uncommon but critically needed medical interventions places them at a disadvantage. They frequently feel overwhelmed by the need to make quick decisions without complete information, this loss of control can be amplified in the complex environment of the healthcare setting. In communications with physicians, parents value a collaborative and responsive approach to their information needs which facilitates them to make ethical decisions that are appropriate for the long-term care of their child.
Interactive Tool Kit for Teaching-Learning Nanoscience and Nanotechnology for High School Students
Authors: Kottegoda Nilwala , de Silva Madhavi , de Alwis Ajith , Perera Chandani , Koneswaran Masilamani
Published: May 2022

The broader socioeconomic impact anticipated to occur in the coming decades with the advent of nanoscience and nanotechnology has led many countries to establish national nanotechnology initiatives to promote nanotechnological developments. One major resolution under these mega initiatives is to popularise nanotechnology as a subject at the high school and university levels. However, teaching nanotechnology concepts at the high school level still remains challenging mainly due to the inherent complexity of the associated principles and the unavailability of resourceful talents to teach the subject. Herein, we disclose the development of a nanoscience and nanotechnology educational tool kit for innovative and interactive teaching and learning of nanotechnology at the high school level. This portable tool kit includes several interactive activities such as puzzles and games to understand and visualize nano-scale, synthesis of simple nanomaterials with readily available chemicals, experiments to understand the nano-scale properties, activities to identify nanotechnological effects in nature, and day-to-day life applications in a domestic environment. Several workshops were conducted under the patronage of the National Science Foundation, Sri Lanka to introduce and familiarise this tool kit with both teachers and high school students. The major objective of this design is to multiply the model kit in order to distribute among the school teachers to easily transfer the new field of study to the students by generating interest to extrapolate the theoretical knowledge to real-life situations.
Does External Debt Promote Human Longevity in Developing Countries?
Authors: Aladejare Samson Adeniyi
Published: May 2022

This study assessed the impact of external debt on longevity in developing countries, particularly in West Africa, from 1981 to 2020. Longevity was proxied by life expectancy at birth, while the external debt effect was evaluated from the perspective of sustainability, liquidity, and solvency. Furthermore, outcomes from macroeconomic volatility were controlled through inflation and exchange rate variability. Methodological robustness was ensured by adopting panel unit root, cointegration, and estimation procedures incorporating panel dataset cross-sectional dependency and heterogeneity in their estimation process. Robust inferences for the study were derived by comparing estimated outcomes from the cross-sectional augmented autoregressive distributed lag, dynamic common correlated Effects, and the Driscoll-Kraay method. Empirically, the study showed that unsustainable, illiquid, and insolvent external debt and macroeconomic volatility shorten longevity in West African countries. Hence, longevity will decline when weak external debt management promotes poverty in West Africa and other developing countries.
Establishing equivalence among hypercomplex structures via Kodaira embedding theorem for non-singular quintic 3-fold having positively closed (1,1)-form Kähler potential 𝒊2⁻¹∂∂*ρ
Authors: Bhattacharjee Deep
Published: May 2022

Specially defined Calabi-Yau manifolds having the hypersurfaces of degree - 5 in ℙ⁴ satisfying the non-trivial canonical bundle Λˣ₃ where the embedding holomorphic map ψ∶ X⟶ ℙ with the Kähler form for holomorphic line bundle giving a strictly positive parameter ℓᵏ ⨂ ∃k > 0 representing ℓ through the first Chern Class H² (2,ℤ). When for every Kähler Class , the Cohomology class exists with the compact form (X,ω) ∀ potential spaces satisfying H²ₔᵣ (X) with the ∂∂*−lemma for a harmonic form giving us the (1,1)⁺ − Kähler potential 𝒊2⁻¹∂∂*ρ. Taking all this in effect and making it established through various conjectures, axioms, ideals, theorems – an equivalence class is shown between the structures: Kahler-Manifold, Calabi-Yau-Manifold, Hyperkahler-Manifold, Quintic-3-Fold, Kummer Surface, K–3 Surface, De Rahm Cohomology Class (Hol(Ω(μ,ν)). The extreme case considered here is the exclusion of Complex hyperbolic Kahler – represented by ℂℙⁿ ∀n = -1. In course of making this paper the non–trivial aspects concerning the topological structures in aspects of string theory, the compact Kahler with a Ricci–flatness explained here.
The Hepatoprotective Effect of Bradykinin Potentiating Factoron Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Habib Tito , Raheem Soheir Abd El , Amra El-Sabry Abu , AboElkhair Hossam
Published: May 2022

Background
Natural products are considered the most successful source of potential drug leads. Accordingly, the present study investigated the potential antidiabetic effect of the Egyptian honey bee venom fraction known as bradykinin potentiating factor (BPF) in streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic rats.
Materials & Methods
An in vivo study was performed on fifty albino male rats that were divided into five groups. (G1): vehicle control animals, (G2): diabetic STZ-induced group, (G3): nondiabetic BPF-treated group, (G4): BPF-injected animals and post-treated with STZ, (G5): STZ-injected animals and post-treated with BPF. Plasma glucose levels and ALT, AST, C reactive protein (C-RP), apelin, and resistin gene expression in BPF-treated rats were evaluated and compared to STZ-treated diabetic rats and vehicle control rats. The plasma protein profile of the five animal groups was investigated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).
Results
The data indicated that the STZ-treated (G2) group showed a highly significant increase in the levels of plasma glucose, ALT, and AST compared to the BPF-treated (G3, G4, G5), and nondiabetic control (G1) groups. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) was carried out to amplify the apelin and resistin genes with an internal reference gene (18S rRNA) using a real-time PCR system. The concentrations of C-RP (28.3 kDa) and apelin (16 kDa) proteins observed by SDS-PAGE were higher than those of apelin, and resistin gene expression was revealed by RT-qPCR in STZ-treated (G2) rats compared with BPF-treated (G4, G5) and negative control (G1) rats.
Conclusion
The study concluded the importance of BPF, which has therapeutic and protective effects against STZ-induced diabetes complications. The hypoglycemic effect is revealed by the improvement of the biochemical and genetic markers, which may be attributed to BPF against diabetes complications.
Remittances and Income Inequality in Africa: Financial Development Thresholds for Economic Policy
Authors: Ofori Isaac K. , Gbolonyo Emmanuel , Dossou Marcel A. T. , Nkrumah Richard K.
Published: May 2022

The study employs macrodata on 42 African countries to examine whether remittances and financial development (including the sub-components of access, depth and efficiency) contribute to the equalisation of incomes across the continent. Robust evidence from the dynamic GMM estimator shows that: (i) remittances heighten income inequality in Africa, (ii) Africa’s financial system is not potent enough for repacking remittances towards the equalisation of incomes, and (iii) vis-à-vis financial access and depth, inefficiencies characterising Africa’s financial institution is the main reason remittances contribute to the widening of the income disparity gap. Nonetheless, the optimism which we provide by way of threshold analysis shows that channelling efforts into the development of Africa’s financial sector could yield shared income distribution dividends. In particular, efforts should be made to achieve a minimum of 23.05 per cent of financial access, and 3.02 per cent for that of efficiency of financial institutions if Africa’s financial sector is to repackage external finance towards the equalisation of incomes. A few policy recommendations are provided in the end.JEL Codes: F22, F24, G21, I3, N37, O11, O55
Various Rhythmic Disturbance in Acute Rheumatic Fever: A Two-case Report
Authors: Suwansumrit Chayamon , Jittham Worawan
Published: May 2022

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) remains a major health problem worldwide, especially among the endemic countries. Different kinds of rhythm and conduction abnormalities may be seen during the course of the disease. Although the first-degree atrioventricular block is the most common disturbance reported in ARF, other advanced heart block may be an exceptionally rare manifestation. We reported two cases of ARF; one presented with first- and second-degree AV block (Mobitz II), and the other one presented with supraventricular tachycardia followed by unstable bradycardia due to complete atrioventricular block and required temporary pacemaker. Both cases completely recovered with anti-inflammatory drug regimen for ARF.
Effects of Different Pollination Combinations on Stone Cells, Lignin, and Related Enzyme Activities in Fragrant Pear Fruit
Authors: Li Xiao-ting , Bao Jian-ping
Published: May 2022

In this study, the effects of different Xinjiang pear varieties and ‘Korla Fragrant Pear’ pollination on the stone cells and lignin of fruit were investigated. The contents of stone cells and lignin, and the activities of related enzymes [polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), and phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL)] were analyzed in fruit from different pollination combinations at different growth and developmental stages. Results showed that the stone cell mass density decreased rapidly at 60 to 90 days and 90 to 120 days after flowering. The stone cell and lignin contents, and activities of the three enzymes (PPO, POD, and PAL) decreased rapidly at 60 days after flowering. The stone cell mass density, stone cell and lignin contents, and enzyme activity of fruit from different pollination combinations varied at different timescales. The pear variety ‘Bayue‘ had the lowest stone cell and lignin contents in mature fruit from different pollination combinations. The stone cell content correlated positively with lignin content, stone cell mass density, and enzyme activity.
Immunotherapy in the complex treatment of tumor diseases
Authors: Seledtsov V. I. , Seledtsova G. V. , Dorzhieva A. B. , Ivanova I. P.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the study was to identify and analyze the potential of immunotherapy aimed at enhancing the immune system’s ability to resist tumor development and (or) weakening the ability of the tumor to maintain its growth.

Material and methods. A search for available literature sources published in Medline, Pubmed, etc. Databases was made. We found 215 publications regarding the study of the formation of antitumor mechanisms, of which 57 were included in this review.

Results. The review was devoted to the analysis of the literature on tumor growth suppression by modulating inflammation, correcting the concentration of factors and enzymes, inhibiting the formation of immunosuppressive cells, enhancing antibody cytotoxicity, and stimulating cellular cytotoxicity. The feasibilities of antitumor vaccination were evaluated.

Conclusion. Different immunotherapeutic effects were found can enhance the antitumor effect of each other. In the early stages of the disease, immunotherapy can eliminate tumor cells remaining in the body after surgical removal of the primary tumor. In the advanced stages of the disease, combined treatment, including traditional cytoreductive and immunotherapeutic treatment, should be aimed at inhibiting the development of the disease. The prognosis of the disease can be assessed on an inflammatory scale based on the determination of 3 blood parameters: the content of c-reactive protein, the level of lactate dehydrogenase, and the determination of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio.
Giant foam-like macrophages in advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: Rakina M. A. , Kazakova E. O. , Sudaskikh T. S. , Bezgodova N. V. , Villert A. B. , Kolomiets L. A. , Larionova I. V.
Published: May 2022

Introduction. Ovarian cancer (OC) is the third most common gynecological cancer with the worst prognosis and highest mortality rate. The progression of OC can be accompanied by the detrimental functions of the components of the tumor microenvironment, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs).

The purpose of the study to analyze distribution and morphological phenotype of TAMs in tumor tissue of patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC).

Material and methods. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections were obtained from ovarian cancer patients after tumor resection. The protein expression of general macrophage marker CD68 and M2-like markers CD206, CD163 and stabilin-1, belonging to scavenger receptors, was analysed by immunohistochemical staining in tumor tissue. Histological assessment of TAM distribution was performed by pathologist. Immunofluorescent analysis/confocal microscopy was applied to establish the co-expression of CD68 with the main macrophage scavenger receptors.

Results. We were able to find giant CD 68-positive macrophages with foamy cytoplasm in ovarian tumor tissue. The accumulation of these tams was specific only for patients with advanced stage (IIIC and IV stages). The presence of foamlike tams had a statistical tendency to be associated with ovarian cancer progression, including metastasis and recurrence. The distribution of stabilin-1-positive macrophages was matched to CD68 expression in almost all cases, as was shown by IHC. Confocal microscopy confirmed that stabilin-1 was expressed in at least 50 % of giant tams. If analysis of tumor samples also demonstrated co-expression of other scavenger receptors, CD163 and CD36, in foam-like cells. Similar to IHC, in most samples the expression of CD206 in tams of foam-like morphology was limited.

Conclusion. For the first time we demonstrated the accumulation of giant macrophages with fluffy foam cytoplasm in the tumor tissue of treated patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Such macrophages express diverse scavenger receptors (stabilin-1, CD163, CD 36), thus indicating a high clearance activity of giant TAMs.
Fatty acids of erythrocyte membranes and blood serum as biomarkers for early detection of colorectal cancer
Authors: Kruchinina M. V. , Kruchinin V. N. , Gromov A. A. , Shashkov M. V. , Sokolova A. S. , Yakovina I. N. , Shestov A. A.
Published: May 2022

The aim of the study was to identify fatty acids (FA) of erythrocyte membranes and blood serum, which can serve as potential biomarkers for early detection of colorectal cancer.

Material and methods. the study involved 65 patients with stage I-II CRC (mean age 63,3 ± 9,6 years (30 men, 35 women) and 35 people in the comparison group, matched by age and sex. the composition of fatty acids of erythrocyte membranes and blood serum was studied using a gc/ms system based on three agilent 7000B quadrupoles (USA). methods of the MATLAB software (R2019a, MathWorks) and the R programming language were used for statistical processing: t-test, unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA), Fold change, Volcano plot, machine learning method (Random Forest), Roc analysis, Heatmaps.

Results. patients with stage I-II CRC showed a decrease in the level of saturated, individual monounsaturated fatty acids and a highly significant increase in the most of the polyunsaturated fatty acids with a predominance of omega-3. For most of the fatty acid levels, significant differences in erythrocyte membranes and serum between the groups were found. the levels of erythrocyte myristic, pentadecanoic, 7-palmitoleic, saturated/polyunsaturated Fa ratios (the content of which was significantly lower at stages I-II CRC than those in the control) and the levels of α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, the amount of omega-3 Fa, EPA + DHA, docodienic, dihomo-γ-linolenic, docatetraenoic fatty acids (the content of which was significantly higher in colorectal cancer than those in healthy subjects) were the most discriminating parameters in distinguishing patients with I-II stage CRC and healthy individuals. in the blood serum, the level of biomarkers had the following fatty acids: arachidonic, myristic, docosahexaenoic, the amount of omega 3 puFa, the ratio of omega 6/omega 3 puFa, pentadecanoic, docosapentaenoic, and docodiene. a model that included a list of fatty acids, such as С14:0, С15:0, С16:1;7, С18:3 n-3, C20:2 n-6, C20:3 n-6, C20:5 n-3, C22:4 n-6, C22:5 n-3, C22:6 n-3, sum of omega-3, omega-3 (EPA + DHA), and saturated / polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio provided auc 0,916 with a specificity of 0,90 and sensitivity of 0,95 in distinguishing patients with stage I-II CRC from healthy individuals.

Conclusion. the study of the levels and ratios of fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes and blood serum should be considered a promising trend in the search for biomarkers for the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
Tripartite information at long distances
Authors: Agón César , Bueno Pablo , Casini Horacio
Published: May 2022

We compute the leading term of the tripartite information at long
distances for three spheres in a CFT. This falls as
r^{-6\Delta}r−6Δ,
where rr
is the typical distance between the spheres, and
\DeltaΔ
the lowest primary field dimension. The coefficient turns out to be a
combination of terms coming from the two- and three-point functions and
depends on the OPE coefficient of the field. We check the result with
three-dimensional free scalars in the lattice finding excellent
agreement. When the lowest-dimensional field is a scalar, we find that
the mutual information can be monogamous only for quite large OPE
coefficients, far away from a perturbative regime. When the
lowest-dimensional primary is a fermion, we argue that the scaling must
always be faster than r^{-6\Delta_f}r−6Δf.
In particular, lattice calculations suggest a leading scalingr^(6\Delta_f+1)r(6Δf+1). For free fermions in three dimensions, we show that
mutual information is also non-monogamous in the long-distance
regime.
Infodemics: Use of Peer Reviewed and Non-Peer Reviewed Information by Post Grad-uate Trainee Doctors for COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan.
Authors: Tariq Saira , Masood Muhammad Hasan , Nasir Mehreen , Junaid Khunsa , Afzal Saira
Published: May 2022

Background: Reliable and peer reviewed information is of immense importance for preventive, diagnostic and curative solutions and efforts should be done to minimize inaccurate infodemics among post graduate trainee doctors. Objective: The aim of the study was to access the use of Peer Reviewed and Non-Peer Reviewed Information by post graduate trainee doctors for COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan. Methods: The study was analytical cross sectional in design and was conducted in 3193 post graduate trainee doctors employing Electronic Logbook (elog) system of College of Physicians and Surgeons, Pakistan. An online survey included demographic characteristics, year of training, specialty and sources of information used for COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Total 3193 study participants from all provinces of Pakistan were included with mean age of 28.68 years. Majority of participants (58.66%) used both peer reviewed and non-peer reviewed information source for getting updated guidelines and information about COVID-19. According to bivariate analysis results, significant differences were revealed between the source of information and the age (p < 0.001), province (p < 0.001) and gender (p < 0.002). Multivariate logistic regression results showed that the age less than 30 years (AOR = 1.311, 95% (CI: 0.800, 2.146), working in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (AOR = 1.549, 95% (CI: 1.210-1.982) and female gender(AOR = 1.551, 95% (CI: 1.303, 1.847). was significantly associated with increased use of social media for getting information. Conclusion: Use of non-peer reviewed information for COVID-19 pandemic by postgraduate trainee doctors is common.
Geochemical processes influencing groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation uses in Hombolo catchment
Authors: Tembo Malugu M.
Published: May 2022

This study identifies the major geochemical processes that regulate groundwater quality in the Hombolo catchment to make it suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes. The major cations and anion concentrations were used to develop the major geochemical processes governing the groundwater quality. The major geochemical processes were evaluated using historical data gathered from 1983 to 2018. The developed geochemical processes indicated the mineral dissolution, ion exchange and evaporation were the dominant that influence groundwater quality in the catchment using mole ratio concept and Gibbs diagram. The suitability of groundwater for irrigation was evaluated using the permeability index (PI), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and percentage soluble sodium (PSS) while the suitability of groundwater for drinking was evaluated using the water quality index (WQI). The sodicity indicated to have the average SAR of 5.16 as excellent class, average PSS of 50.89 as permissible to good class and average PI of 74.47 as suitable class level. The groundwater for drinking use indicated the WQI of 104 as poor class level. The groundwater is suitable for irrigation activities but the quality for drinking is deteriorating with time.
Using chlorella vulgaris for nutrient removal from hydroponic wastewater: experimental investigation and economic assessment
Authors: Yousif Y. I. D. , Mohamed Essam Sh. , El-Gendy A. S.
Published: May 2022

The study evaluated the use of Chlorella vulgaris for bioremediating hydroponic wastewater and producing biomass under different cultivation modes and to explore the economic implications of microalgal biofuels. Total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was 98.5% in mixotrophic conditions and 96% in heterotrophic conditions, and total phosphorus (TP) was completely removed (>99%) in both cultivation conditions. TN removal was higher for that which was cultivated under the mixotrophic mode of cultivation. The maximum biomass production (1.26 g/L) and biomass productivity (0.1108 g/L/day) were also reported for mixotrophic conditions. Lipid content was slightly higher for that which was cultivated under heterotrophic conditions: 33 wt% on an ash-free dry weight (AFDW) basis. The highest lipid production was obtained under mixotrophic growth (0.341 g/L). Higher net profit was obtained for both mixotrophic and heterotrophic cultivations: 30.6 million $/year for a plant capacity of 3.29 × 104 tone/year and 30.12 million $/year for a plant capacity of 3.17 × 104 tone/year respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that biodiesel and nutritious supplements from soluble protein have the greatest impact on the process economics regarding mixotrophic cultivation, while biodiesel and feeds from insoluble protein have the largest effect on the process economics regarding heterotrophic and autotrophic cultivations.
Aspectos éticos no cuidado de enfermagem ao idoso em cuidados paliativos: revisão integrativa
Authors: Oliveira Lélia Mendes Sobrinho , De Almeida Monah Licia Santos , Silva Carolina Pedra Branca Valentim , Santa Rosa Darci De Oliveira , Gomes Nildete Pereira , Pedreira Larissa Chaves
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Identificar e descrever as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre os aspectos éticos do cuidado do enfermeiro ao idoso em cuidados paliativos. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa na literatura com busca na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, no período abril a maio de 2019, com combinação dos descritores: “cuidados paliativos”, “enfermagem”, “idoso” e “ética”. Resultado: Amostra de 04 artigos agrupados nas categorias temáticas: “princípios éticos e o dilema do enfermeiro na prestação dos cuidados paliativos” e “o papel do enfermeiro no alívio do sofrimento do idoso em cuidados paliativos”. Identificou-se que o princípio ético mais discorrido foi a da autonomia e a importância do conhecimento para a manutenção da ética das relações foi salientada. Conclusão: Entender o indivíduo na sua singularidade e preservar a sua dignidade, é papel do enfermeiro. Considerando a importância do tema, o volume de publicações sobre o assunto foi insuficiente para responder as inquietações do estudo.
Carga de trabalho e dimensionamento em unidade de internação neonatal: uso do Nursing Activities Score
Authors: Kühl de Rezende Soares Marina , Hespanhol Dorigan Gisele , Valentim Carmona Elenice
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: avaliar a carga de trabalho e realizar o cálculo de pessoal da equipe de enfermagem em uma unidade de internação neonatal. Métodos: estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório de abordagem quantitativa. O estudo foi realizado em uma unidade de internação neonatal de um hospital público no interior do estado de São Paulo e para a avaliação da carga de trabalho utilizou-se o Nursing Activities Score, os dados referente à assistência foram coletados do prontuário do paciente e o cálculo do pessoal, a partir das horas obtidas do instrumento, foi baseado em literatura. Resultados: 19 recém-nascidos compuseram a amostra. O instrumento para avaliar a carga de trabalho foi aplicado 171 vezes e o percentual médio de pontuação foi de 490,4%, houve defasagem de profissionais de enfermagem em todos os dias de coleta. Conclusão: Comparando o dimensionamento real com o ideal, observou-se déficit de profissionais no período analisado. Essa pesquisa fornece evidências da avaliação da carga de trabalho em unidade neonatal, que pode subsidiar o dimensionamento de pessoal, com o intuito de minimizar a ocorrência de danos decorrentes de uma assistência insegura.
Vulnerabilidade social e cobertura do Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica
Authors: Virginio João Pedro Angelici , Lopes Alessandro Igor Da Silva , Carvalho Jonas Lotufo Brant de , Andrade Juliane , Lima Maria da Glória , Bolina Alisson Fernandes
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: aplicar o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social para o Distrito Federal e compará-lo com a distribuição espacial da cobertura dos Núcleos Ampliados de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica. Método: trata-se de estudo ecológico com base nos dados do censo demográfico, da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Distrito Federal, bem como de outros disponibilizados pela Gerência de Apoio à Saúde da Família. Resultados: verificou-se que 31,4% dos setores censitários do Distrito Federal foram classificados com baixo nível de vulnerabilidade social, 47,8% médio, 12,2% elevado e 8,3% muito elevado. Apenas 37,17% do território do cenário de estudo apresentavam cobertura Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica. Ao comparar a distribuição espacial desses desfechos, observou-se elevada extensão de vazios assistenciais de cobertura desse serviço, tanto em setores rurais quanto urbanos, e estes frequentemente classificados em maior estrato de vulnerabilidade. Conclusão: Recomenda-se a utilização de ferramentas de gestão de políticas públicas, como o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social, para o redesenho da Rede de Atenção à Saúde, tendo em vista o enfrentamento das iniquidades sociais.Descritores: Vulnerabilidade Social; Atenção Primária à Saúde; Saúde da Família; Enfermagem; Sistemas de Informação Geográfica
Atendimento ao adulto em parada cardiorrespiratória: intervenção educativa para estudantes leigos
Authors: De Sousa Maria Adriana Oliveira , Mota Roziane Vieira , Gomes Aline Costa , De Lima Rosângela Nascimento , De Oliveira Samira Gomes , Freire de Freitas Roberto Wagner Júnior
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção educativa, no contexto do ensino médio, sobre o tema parada cardiorrespiratória em adultos. Método: Trata-se de um estudo quase-experimental, do tipo antes e depois, com abordagem quantitativa desenvolvido entre fevereiro a novembro de 2019 em uma escola da rede pública do município de Fortaleza, Ceará. Resultados: Inicialmente foram recrutados 30 estudantes, porém 10 estudantes se encaixavam dentro dos critérios de inclusão, sendo esta a amostra final. Para a realização do estudo foi utilizado um questionário estruturado, de autoria dos pesquisadores, composto por 10 perguntas objetivas. Após a intervenção educativa e análise dos dados, foi obtida uma média de acertos de 7,225 no pós-teste comprovando através dos números a eficiência da educação em saúde realizada, pois inicialmente a média apresentada foi 4,375. Conclusão: Constatou-se que os estudantes possuíam conhecimento referente ao suporte básico de vida insuficiente, porém com grande capacidade para aprendizagem, sendo a escola um ambiente favorável para práticas educativas sobre a temática.
Perfil da Cultura de Segurança do Paciente em um Hospital Público
Authors: Ribeiro Rogério , Silva Servo Maria Lúcia , Machado da Silva Filho Aloisio
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil da cultura de segurança do paciente de um hospital público de Salvador-Bahia na visão de enfermeiras líderes. Metodologia: Estudo exploratório descritivo, transversal do tipo survey interseccional de abordagem quantitativa. Utilizou-se o questionário “Pesquisa sobre Segurança do Paciente em Hospitais” da Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.Resultados: 80,9% são coordenadoras de enfermagem. A dimensão de área forte foi “Expectativas e ações do supervisor/chefia para promoção da segurança do paciente” apresentando 80,9% de respostas positivas. As dimensões de áreas com potencial para a melhoria da segurança foram “Apoio da gestão hospitalar para a segurança do paciente”, “Trabalho em equipe na unidade” e “Aprendizado organizacional/melhoria contínua”. As demais dimensões foram consideradas de áreas frágeis (66%). 34% das enfermeiras líderes não realizaram nenhuma notificação de evento adverso, no período de 12 meses. 59% das participantes avaliaram a segurança do paciente como regular. Discussão: Os resultados não devem ser interpretados isoladamente, requerem visão de conjunto com outras características do hospital e o contexto sócio, político e econômico do país. Conclusão: O perfil da cultura de segurança foi classificado como frágil, no entanto, a cultura de segurança do paciente está sendo construída de maneira efetiva na instituição.