bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental effects in the formation of contemporary groups of Santa Inês lambs
Authors: Koritiaki Natália Albieri , Ribeiro Edson Luis de Azambuja , Muniz Carolina Amália Souza Dantas , Marestone Bruna Silva , Constantino Camila
Published: October 2019

The objective of this work was to study the influence of environmental effects, sex of the lamb, type of birth, year of birth, birth season, julian birth date, and lambing weight on the weights and biometric measurements of Santa Inês lambs from birth to weaning (70 days of age), and to define the best-adjusted statistical model. Data on weights, heights, body lengths, and thoracic perimeters obtained at birth and close to 28 and 70 days of age from 270 lambs were used. Three analyses were carried out considering different models; one with isolated environmental factors, one with animals grouped into contemporaries according to lamb sex, type of birth, year of birth, and season of birth (GC1), and one with animals gathered in groups of contemporaries according to lamb sex, type of birth, year of birth, season of birth, and the julian date of birth (GC2). Environmental factors influenced a large proportion of body weights and measurements from birth to weaning; the main factors were type of birth and year of birth. The GC2 evaluations presented higher determination coefficients and lower values for Akaike information criteria. However, many observations were discarded; 114, 111, and 103 compared with those rejected by the GC1 analysis, which included two, three, and four observations at birth, 28 days of age, and at weaning, respectively. This may lead to the exclusion of animals with genetic potential.
Effects of tannins and Monensin in a feedlot diet on in vitro ruminal fermentation
Authors: Martello Hariany Ferreira , Paula Nelcino Francisco de , Macedo Bruna Gomes , Zervoudakis Joanis Tilemahos , Brutti Danielle Dias , Carvalho Perivaldo , Teobaldo Ronyatta Weich , Cabral Luciano da Silva , Fonseca Mozart Alves
Published: October 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tannins versus Monensin on in vitro ruminal fermentation of a feedlot diet. The treatments were: control (no additives); low tannin (2 mg g DM-1); medium tannin (4 mg g DM-1), high tannin (6 mg g DM-1), and Monensin (0.02 mg g DM-1). The substrate was a feedlot diet composed by hay and concentrate (15:85 w/w; DM basis). Ruminal fluid was obtained from three rumen-cannulated male Santa Inês sheep. In vitro incubations were carried out during four consecutive weeks (run). Gas production (GP) was recorded at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96 h of incubation. At 48 and 96 h, two bottles per treatment were withdrawn to measure pH, ammonia concentration (NH3), volatile fatty acid (VFA), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD). Addition of tannin or Monensin did not affect (P > 0.05) the kinetics parameters. Tannin supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) the GP at 24 h compared to Monensin. Addition of Monensin decreased (P < 0.05) IVDMD at 96 h and IVNDFD at 48 and 96 h compared to the control. The IVNDFD was lower (P < 0.05) with Monensin than with tannin at 48 and 96 h. The NH3 was lower (P < 0.05) with tannin compared with Monensin. By increasing tannin dosage, NH3 levels changed quadratically (P < 0.05). The inclusion of tannin in vitro reduced the NH3 concentration considerably when used in low dose.
Effects of supplementation plan on intake, digestibility, eating behavior, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of grazing beef cattle
Authors: De Paula Nelcino Francisco , Paulino Mário Fonseca , Couto Victor Rezende Moreira , Detmann Edenio , Maciel Ivan França Smith , Barros Lívia Vieira , Lopes Sidnei Antônio , Valente Ériton Egídio Lisboa , Zervoudakis Joanis Tilemahos , Martins Leandro Soares
Published: October 2019

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of different supplementation plans on the nutrient intake, apparent total-tract digestibility, grazing behavior, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of beef cattle under grazing conditions from ages 4 to 18 months old. The beef calves grazed Brachiaria decumbens in four seasons: rainy-dry transition, dry, dry-rainy transition, and rainy. Forty-four animals (11 per treatment) were randomly assigned to one of four nutritional plans of supplementation defined by the quantity of supplement offered: control, low, medium, and high supplementation. There was no difference (P > 0.10) in dry matter intake (DMI). However, animals receiving medium and high supplementation had decreased (P < 0.10) forage dry matter intake (FDMI) compared with those under non- and low supplementation. The DMI and FDMI were lower (P < 0.10) in the dry season. During the rainy season, the grazing time decreased (P < 0.10) for animals receiving supplementation compared with non-supplemented ones, but was similar between medium and high supplementation. The performance and carcass characteristics were greater (P < 0.10) for high and medium supplementation compared with low and control. In conclusion, increasing the supplementation plans for beef cattle in tropical pastures increases the nutrient intake but decreases FDMI. The performance also increases with the supplementation plan; however, the growth rate is affected by the grazing season.
Typology of family livestock production systems in the Pampa biome using the MESMIS method
Authors: Nicoloso Carolina da Silveira , Silveira Vicente Celestino Pires , Coelho Filho Roblein Cristal , Quadros Fernando Luiz Ferreira de
Published: October 2019

Livestock farming plays a significant role in Rio Grande do Sul state. The current global dynamics of grain appreciation have triggered the advance of agricultural production, especially soybean, over the gaucho Pampa biome. These changes determine the path of production system sustainability; however, it remains unclear how sustainable these production systems are. A typology of 90 family livestock production systems in the Pampa biome was performed as a function of sustainability using the MESMIS method and cluster analysis. The production systems were grouped into three different groups: SPPF, least sustainable, with a higher percentage of crops in the systems, more soybean crops, lower share of income from livestock production, and less native field area. SPPF more sustainable, presented greater sustainability, with smaller crop areas in relation to the total area, more native field in the systems, a more standardized herd, greater crop diversification, and a higher level of formal education and producer participation. SPPF intermediary presented higher productivity then the least sustainable SPPF, self-sufficiency equal to that of the other groups, and similar results to SPPF least sustainable for the other attributes (p < 0.05).
Principal component analysis of pre-weaning growth traits in Santa Inês lambs
Authors: Koritiaki Natália Albieri , Ribeiro Edson Luis de Azambuja , Muniz Carolina Amália Souza Dantas , Marestone Bruna Silva , Fernandes Junior Francisco
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the interrelation among growth traits in Santa Inês lambs using principal component analysis. Data on 270 lambs born between 2008 and 2013 were used. The variables studied were weight at birth,adjusted weight from birth to weaning, and average daily gains at 14, 28, 52, and 70 days of age. The wither height, thoracic perimeter, and length at birth and adjusted at 28 and 70 days of age (weaning), were also used. The statistical model comprised the fixed effects of the contemporary group, the linear effect of julian date at birth, and the linear and quadratic effects of lambing weight. The first principal component explained approximately 89% and 85% of the total variation for body weight at different ages and average daily gains, respectively. The second principal component compared heavier animals or those that gained more weight at 14 days with lighter lambs or those that gained less weight at 14 days of age and explains the variation of approximately 5% and 10%, respectively, among the animals. The first principal component accounted for 77%, 91%, and 77% of the variation for weight, thoracic perimeter, wither height, and length at birth, 28 days, and 70 days of age, respectively, and compared large animals or animals with greater body volume. The second component, with values of 16%, 6%, and 14% of the total variation at the three ages, respectively, compared animals with distinct conformation to discriminate animals of different shapes and verified that the weights at the different ages and the thoracic perimeter are important sources of variability among the animals.
Near-Synonyms Within the Same Qur’anic Verse: A Contrastive English-Arabic Lexical Analysis
Authors: Al-Abbas Linda , Al-Khanji Rajai
Published: October 2019

The Holy Qur’an has features that are difficult for translators to transfer into another language, and they face problems in conveying the different shades of meaning of the verses. From a wide variety of these problems is synonymy. Synonymy refers to words that mean the same or show semantic resemblance to one another. This study examines the translation of two root-sharing synonymous Arabic words, namely استطاع and اسطاع in five well-known English translations. These include Pickthall (1930), Ali (1982), Arberry (1996), Abdel Haleem (2004), and Al-Hilali and Khan (2018). These translations are selected because they are popular in the Muslim World in addition to the fact that the translators belong to different linguistic, religious and cultural backgrounds. The analysis shows that the translators were inconsistent in their selections of the English equivalents for the words under study. Furthermore, they did not convey the slight differences between the words and translated them similarly and interchangeably. The study concludes that some Qur’anic words are untranslatable, and cannot be rendered into another language, and therefore, translators are recommended to include explanatory notes between brackets or as footnotes in order to acknowledge the non-Arab readers that repetition of the words was not haphazard but intended for specific purposes.
A Corpus-Based Evolution of Chinese Englishes from a Language Contact Perspective
Authors: Zhang Yihua , Mi Hanfu
Published: October 2019

Many linguistic studies have examined the notion of Chinese Englishes. However, the terms used remain vague, and the concepts behind them are often confusing. The present paper attempts to investigate the inner characteristics and formation mechanisms of Chinese Englishes, and to identify their differences from a perspective of contact linguistics. The subsequent discussion is directed to the phonological, lexical, morphological, and syntactic characteristics (or motivation) of Chinglish-Chinese English and China English based on relevant corpus data and documents, focusing on the profiling description of China English, including phonological and grammatical transference, and semantic extension through calque.
Realocação em Sistemas de Compartilhamento de Veículos em Uma Via
Authors: Rooke da Silva Felipe , Soares de Barros Alencar Victor Aquiles , Vieira Alex Borges , Machado Marcelo De Oliveira Costa
Published: October 2019

A compreensão da mobilidade nos espaços urbanos é útil para a criação de cidades mais inteligentes e sustentáveis. Cada vez mais, o estudo da mobilidade urbana se torna alvo de pesquisas em diversas áreas do conhecimento. No entanto, um problema associado a esse tipo de estudo é a aquisição de dados acurados e atuais. Atualmente, existem serviços de compartilhamento de veículos que agregam maior dinamismo ao transporte nas cidades. Esses serviços podem ser classificados de acordo com seus modos de operação: uma via, duas vias e flutuante. Serviços de uma via e flutuante, ocasionalmente apresentam um problema associado ao desbalanceamento de veículos em sua região de atuação. Por exemplo, devido a uma demanda elevada de viagens de saída de determinada região, e a uma demanda de entrada não equivalente, pode-se ocorrer um desabastecimento em determinados locais. Assim, neste trabalho, foi caracterizado um sistema de compartilhamento de veículo de uma via que operam em Vancouver (Canadá) e regiões próximas. No modelo de uma via estudado, um usuário retira um veículo de uma estação base e pode deixa-lo em qualquer outra estação e também em estacionamentos públicos que cumpram determinados critérios. Este estudo aborda a temática da realocação de veículos, além de revelar padrões de uso e demanda dos usuários desse serviço. Foram destacadas características e discussões que dão suporte a resolução do problema abordado. Finalmente, acredita-se que este estudo é útil para o entendimento desse tipo de problema e contribui para a evolução desses sistemas.
Integração de Dados Públicos de Saúde e Transporte: Caracterização para Modelagem Multicamadas
Authors: Santin Priscila Louise Leyser , Munaretto Anelise , Fonseca Mauro , Silva Thiago Henrique
Published: October 2019

A abundância de dados de diferentes contextos vem impulsionando uma revolução no setor de dados digitais. As informações provenientes desses dados podem auxiliar gestores públicos a prover melhor assistência aos seus cidadãos em diferentes áreas, como no cuidado à saúde e a mobilidade urbana. Problemas na qualidade do transporte público afetam a capacidade de deslocamento das pessoas, dificultando a acessibilidade dos cidadãos aos serviços básicos de saúde disponibilizados pelos governos. Este trabalho apresenta a caracterização do sistema público de transporte e de saúde de Curitiba visando a empregabilidade de uma estrutura de dados MultiAspect Graph (MAG) para a integração desses sistemas.
COLAB: Módulo LTE de Sensoriamento Colaborativo e Radio Cognitivo para o Simulador de Redes ns-3
Authors: Ferreira Gabriel C. , Solís Priscila , Caetano Marcos F. , Lamar Marcus V. , Alchieri Eduardo A. P. , Vartiainen Johanna , Karvonen Heikki
Published: October 2019

O crescimento exponencial de dispositivos sem fio conectados à internet e a limitação do espectro electromagnético disponível requer a otimização do escalonamento de recursos e reuso de frequências para prover uma melhor qualidade de serviço. As novas aplicações oriundas da evolução das redes sem fio, principalmente a rede 5G, consideram o uso de rádios cognitivos e o sensoreamento do espectro como elementos fundamentais no seu desenvolvimento. O avanço e desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias depende de ambientes de simulação que facilitem e integrem ferramentas para avaliar as diversas aplicações das redes 5G. Este artigo apresenta um módulo de sensoriamento colaborativo e um escalonador de recursos cognitivo para o módulo LTE do simulador de rede ns-3.
CatchmentView: visualização de anycast catchment
Authors: Costella Leonardo , Trentin Marco Antônio Sandini , Schmidt Ricardo de Oliveira
Published: October 2019

IP anycast é amplamente utilizado para distribuir serviços na Internet. A dependência no roteamento BGP faz com que a implementação e gerenciamento de anycast seja complexo e, ainda, a disponibilidade de serviços anycast em IPv4 e IPv6 (dual stack) aumenta a complexidade do gerenciamento. Nesse artigo apresentamos a ferramenta CatchmentView que, utilizando dados de traceroute, constrói gráficos de rotas a partir de pontos de medição até réplicas de um serviço anycast. Os recursos visuais do CatchmentView auxiliam operadores na identificação de diferenças entre roteamento e catchment de um serviço anycast dual stack. A ferramenta foi desenvolvida tendo como base os servidores raiz do DNS, que são dual stack e extensivamente distribuídos via anycast. Usando dados de traceroute da plataforma RIPE Atlas validamos a ferramenta desenvolvida e mostramos sua utilidade.
SMAFramework: Arcabouço para Integração de Dados Urbanos Cientes da Correlação Espaço-Temporal
Authors: Rodrigues Diego O. , Villas Leandro
Published: October 2019

Redes sociais, dispositivos móveis, redes veiculares e de sensores são utilizados como coletores de dados em centros urbanos; dados esses que podem ser utilizados para melhor compreender as dinâmicas das cidades. Muitos estudos tem focado em explorar essas fontes de dados, porém individualmente. A fim de reduzir o impacto na análise de dados urbanos causada por essa limitação foi desenvolvido o SMAFramework, para realizar a coleta e integração de dados de mobilidade urbana de fontes heterogêneas. Foi proposta uma metodologia para padronizar dados com anotações espaço-temporais provenientes de várias fontes de acordo com um modelo único de dados (i.e., Grafo Multi Aspecto). A ferramenta apresentada ainda permite que se realize diferentes tarefas de análise de dados. Para avaliar o arcabouço desenvolvido, experimentos foram realizados com dados reais. O primeiro experimento combinou dados de mídias sociais com dados de viagens de táxi a fim de avaliar a correlação espaço temporal entre essas fontes de dados. Em um segundo experimento dados de táxi foram combinados com informações de transito, rotas de transporte público e modelos de experiência de usuário a fim de avaliar como diferentes meios de transporte poderiam ser combinados a fim de melhorar a mobilidade urbana. Ferramentas e metodologias foram desenvolvidas para a execução de cada um desses experimentos, contribuindo com o avanço do estado da arte.
Disseminação de Dados Baseada em Métricas de Redes Complexas Para Sistemas de Transporte Inteligentes
Authors: Costa Joahannes B. D. da , Rosário Denis , Cerqueira Eduardo
Published: October 2019

Algumas aplicações em Redes Veiculares (VANETs) requerem informações disseminadas entre os veículos para funcionamento. Contudo, a disseminação de dados nesse tipo de rede emprega alguns desafios em função das características específicas das VANETs, como alta mobilidade dos nós e comunicações intermitentes. Assim, este trabalho não destina-se apenas na criação de um protocolo de disseminação de dados eficiente, mas também na avaliação do impacto do mesmo em aplicações reais. Os resultados de simulações mostram que o protocolo proposto oferece alta eficiência em termos de cobertura, overhead e atraso em comparação aos protocolos amplamente conhecidos de disseminação de dados. Além disso, quando aplicado a um Sistema de Gerenciamento de Trânsito (TMS), possibilita que os veículos fiquem menos tempo em congestionamentos e tenham menor tempo de viagem. Esta dissertação resultou em um artigo submetido à periódico e três trabalhos em conferências.
Análise de Mecanismos de Serverless Computing em Ambientes de Nuvens Computacionais
Authors: da Silva Matheus N. , Carvalho Marcus
Published: October 2019

O modelo de serverless computing tem se tornado tendência nos últimos anos, devido à facilidade de adoção e possibilidade de redução de custos. Porém, como usuários não têm controle sobre os servidores, eles podem ter problemas de desempenho relacionados a coldstarts, quando o provedor torna inativa uma aplicação ociosa e novas requisições precisam esperar até que ela seja implantada em um servidor e se torne ativa novamente. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o coldstart em serverless computing, buscando entender o tempo de ociosidade de uma aplicação até o provedor torná-la inativa, o overhead imposto pelo coldstart no tempo de resposta e se a quantidade de memória alocada para a aplicação afeta essas métricas.
WikiFavelas: Uma Ferramenta Colaborativa para organizações sociais
Authors: Gargano Leonardo , Fornazin Marcelo
Published: October 2019

Observa-se que há pouco debate sobre as características de organizações sociais na área de Tecnologia da Informação (TI) e, em geral, o desenvolvimento de sistemas de software para o terceiro setor ainda assume valores e práticas da gestão empresarial, em detrimento de valores e práticas inerentes à gestão social em organizações sem fins lucrativos. Neste artigo, apresentamos uma pesquisa em andamento de uma ferramenta colaborativa para movimentos sociais.. As lições aqui compartilhadas podem ser úteis para desenvolvedores e pesquisadores interessados em compreender e refletir sobre os desafios de desenvolver software para as organizações sociais.
Avaliação da Maturidade em Colaboração de Equipes Ágeis de Desenvolvimento de Software
Authors: Stefani Carlos Eduardo , Duduchi Marcelo
Published: October 2019

Este artigo descreve uma pesquisa em andamento que busca elaborar um processo para avaliar a maturidade em colaboração de equipes que desenvolvem softwares utilizando de métodos ágeis. Como resultados preliminares, apresenta uma revisão da bibliografia e o resultado de uma Survey sobre incentivo e uso da colaboração em métodos ágeis que obteve 271 respondentes.
Heap Allocator: Uma Política de Alocação de Máquinas Virtuais em Ambiente de Computação em Nuvens baseada em Heap com Prioridade
Authors: Magalhães de Carvalho Matheus , Vieira Francisco  Mardônio , de Matos Filipe  Fernandes dos Santos , Lopes Gomes Rafael , Celestino Júnior Joaquim
Published: October 2019

Cloud Computing represents a paradigm that provides computing resources on virtual machines that are grouped and allocated according to customer requests. The increasing seeking for this type of service caused an increasing demand for electric energy. Several types of research aim to meet the demand for resources in Cloud Computing, and at the same time, reduce energy consumption in the data center. Within this context, this paper presents a virtual machine allocation policy called Heap Allocator, which mitigates thepower consumption of the data center. A comparative analysis of the proposed solution with other existing mechanisms showed the proposed solution of the data center power consumption by approximately 1: 5%.
Uma Comparação entre os Sistemas de Detecção de Ameaças Distribuídas de Rede Baseado no Processamento de Dados em Fluxo e em Lotes
Authors: Schuartz Fabio  Cesar , Munaretto Anelise , Fonseca Mauro
Published: October 2019

With the advancement of technology, allowing a greater massification of devices connected to the Internet of Things, there is a huge increase in the communication that circulates through the network, resulting in a growing number of vulnerability exploitations detected every year. Thus, faster and more accurate systems are needed to efficiently detect distributed denial of service attacks and port scans. This paper proposes a system for on-line detection of distributed network threats using data stream processing. The results obtained by the proposed system are compared with the results obtained by a system using batch processing, both operating on the same database, widely known by the scientific community. The proposed system is evaluated through two metrics: accuracy and number of false-positive and false-negative. The results show that using data stream processing improved detection accuracy by up to 17,50%, reducing the number of false-positives and false-negatives by up to 66,61%.
Escalonamento de Aplicações em Instâncias Preemptivas Sujeitas a Falhas Temporais
Authors: Teylo Luan , Drummond Lucia  M. A. , Arantes Luciana , Sens Pierre
Published: October 2019

By contracting Virtual Machines on Amazon EC2, the user can opt for on-demand instances, which have high availability, or instances spot (preemptive), which are idle resources offered at a lower price, whose availability may vary throughout the run. Despite the economic advantage, if the demand for resources increases, the preemptive instances can be revoked by the provider without warning, and put in hibernation until the demand decreases. This work presents initial results and the formulation of the scheduling problem which considers hibernation-prone preemptive instances to minimize the monetary cost of execution.
Uma Implementação MPI Tolerante a Falhas do Algoritmo Bitonic Sort
Authors: dos Santos Lucca , Tavares de Camargo Edson , Duarte Jr. Elias  P.
Published: October 2019

O Bitonic Sort executa a ordenação através de operações de divisão e mesclagem de sequências bitônicas. Uma sequência é dita bitônica se seus elementos crescem e decrescem a partir de algum ponto. Apesar de muitas variantes do algoritmo encontradas na literatura, não se conhece uma implementação paralela capaz de tolerar falhas de processos em tempo de execução. Este trabalho apresenta uma implementação MPI do Bitonic Sort capaz de suportar até n-1 falhas de processos, onde n é o total de processos. A mais recente especificação de tolerância a falhas proposta pelo MP-Fórum é empregada no desenvolvimento da solução. Resultados experimentais mostram a eficiência da implementação na ordenação de até 1 bilhão de números inteiros.
Distraction Osteogenesis: Biological Principles and Its Application in Companion Animals
Authors: Domingos Guilherme , Armés Henrique , Dias Isabel , Viegas Carlos , Requicha João
Published: October 2019

Distraction osteogenesis is a surgical technique widely used in orthopedic surgery for treatment of various pathological skeletal conditions, namely correction of limb-length discrepancies, angular deformity and treatment of distal and severely comminuted fractures, or bone defects through bone transport. The basic principle consists on the gradual distraction of two bone segments, previously submitted to a corticotomy and promptly fixated generally using of circular external skeletal fixation. New bone tissue is generated in the bone gap between the two segments. This review aims to describe the biological fundaments and principles of this technique, the surgical steps performed to attempt distraction osteogenesis, and its possible complications with main focus on its application in companion animals.
Modelos de equações volumétricas para um povoamento de eucalipto situado em Codó (MA)
Authors: Rego Ariadna Meneses , Silva Maria Dorotéia Marçal da , Lopes Sobrinho Oswaldo Palma , Ferreira Júlio César Sobreira
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho teve por objetivo testar e comparar alguns modelos volumétricos, amplamente utilizados no manejo florestal em um povoamento de eucalipto em Codó (MA). A pesquisa foi realizada no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão (IFMA), no município de Codó (MA). Para os ajustes dos modelos volumétricos, levaram-se em consideração os métodos de Smalian, Huber e Newton, e optou-se pelo método de Smalian para a cubagem rigorosa, devido a sua maior facilidade e rapidez na tomada de diâmetro, em extremidades de cada tora. Os dados foram obtidos pelo processo de amostragem inteiramente aleatória, onde a cubagem rigorosa das árvores foi obtida a partir da intensidade amostral, calculada na área por meio de um inventário florestal. As equações analisadas foram as de Spurr, Compreensiva, Spurr Ln e Schumacher e Hall e para selecionar a melhor equação foram utilizados seis critérios: coeficiente de determinação; erro padrão residual; coeficiente de variação; facilidade de aplicação da equação e a análise gráfica de resíduos. A média geral obtida dos volumes das árvores foi 0.0294 m3 com um coeficiente de variação (CV %) de 46,67%. Os dados mostram que as quatro equações testadas apresentaram desempenhos estatísticos satisfatórios referentes aos valores de R2 (%), variando de 75,6% a 77,5%. Este alto desempenho significa que houve uma alta proporção da variabilidade observada do volume das árvores. Quanto à seleção, foi escolhida como melhor equação a de Schumacher e Hall, devido sua simplicidade e facilidade na sua aplicação.
Preferência de Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel (1908) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) por espécies e híbridos de eucalipto
Authors: Santos Joilson Onofre Pereira dos , Peres Filho Otávio , Souza Marcelo Dias de , Dorval Alberto , Favare Lilian Guimarães de
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a preferência de Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel (1908) por diferentes espécies e híbridos de eucalipto, provenientes de diferentes localidades do estado do Mato Grosso. Foram coletadas amostras foliares de 21 tratamentos plantados nos municípios de Itiquira, Santa Rita do Trivelato e Sinop. Os testes de atratividade foram feitos em campo no município de Cuiabá (MT). Para os testes de atratividade, foram utilizadas placas de alumínio numeradas, sendo que cada espécie, clone ou híbrido foram considerados como tratamento. Em cada placa de alumínio, foram colocados 25 discos foliares de cada tratamento e as placas foram dispostas ao longo do carreador ativo dos formigueiros, sendo quatro repetições por tratamento. A atratividade foi avaliada, determinando-se a quantidade de discos foliares transportados dos tratamentos. As saúvas apresentaram maior preferência foliar pelos híbridos Eucalyptus urophyla x Eucalyptus grandis (urograndis). Eucalyptus camaldulensis e Corymbia citriodora foram as espécies com menor preferência, podendo afirmar que espécies seminais apresentam menor preferência de carregamento pelas formigas em comparação com as clonais. As regiões onde os eucaliptos foram plantados afetam na preferência de carregamento foliar pelas formigas, sendo os situados em Santa Rita do Trivelato os que apresentaram maior preferência de carregamento.
El ADN reescribe nuestra memoria: La recuperación de los desaparecidos a través de su perfil genético
Authors: Carracedo Álvarez Ángel , Aler Gay Mercedes
Published: October 2019

Los continuos avances en el análisis del ADN con fines forenses han ido marcando hitos en la búsqueda de la identidad genética en casos de tipo criminal, de catástrofes y de desapariciones. Los adelantos tecnológicos en el estudio del genoma nos permiten inferir quién y cómo era el dueño de unos restos encontrados, por ejemplo, en una fosa común o una tumba anónima: dónde vivió, cómo era físicamente, o cuál era su origen familiar. El análisis de ADN de interés forense consigue, gracias a una serie de variaciones fijas entre individuos, identificarlos individualmente mediante su perfil genético. Esta identificación puede realizarse por comparación de los perfiles del resto humano con perfiles conocidos o por su compatibilidad con los heredados de sus familiares.
Sin pacto: 10 razones para el desencuentro (II)
Authors: Lalueza Ferran
Published: October 2019

En la primera entrega de este artículo, vimos que los líderes políticos no están particularmente motivados para pactar, porque, a menudo, piensan que la desafección generada por la reiteración de comicios puede beneficiarles electoralmente y porque, en cualquier caso, la culpa del fracaso negociador tiende a difuminarse. En esta segunda entrega, seguimos analizando las razones que nos han abocado a la nueva cita electoral del próximo 10 de noviembre.
Synaptic mitochondria regulate hair-cell synapse size and function
Authors: Wong Hiu-tung C , Zhang Qiuxiang , Beirl Alisha J , Petralia Ronald S , Wang Ya-Xian , Kindt Katie
Published: October 2019

Sensory hair cells in the ear utilize specialized ribbon synapses. These synapses are defined by electron-dense presynaptic structures called ribbons, composed primarily of the structural protein Ribeye. Previous work has shown that voltage-gated influx of Ca2+ through CaV1.3 channels is critical for hair-cell synapse function and can impede ribbon formation. We show that in mature zebrafish hair cells, evoked presynaptic-Ca2+ influx through CaV1.3 channels initiates mitochondrial-Ca2+ (mito-Ca2+) uptake adjacent to ribbons. Block of mito-Ca2+ uptake in mature cells depresses presynaptic-Ca2+ influx and impacts synapse integrity. In developing zebrafish hair cells, mito-Ca2+ uptake coincides with spontaneous rises in presynaptic-Ca2+ influx. Spontaneous mito-Ca2+ loading lowers cellular NAD+/NADH redox and downregulates ribbon size. Direct application of NAD+ or NADH increases or decreases ribbon size respectively, possibly acting through the NAD(H)-binding domain on Ribeye. Our results present a mechanism where presynaptic- and mito-Ca2+ couple to confer proper presynaptic function and formation.
Synthetic dataset generation for object-to-model deep learning in industrial applications
Authors: Wong Matthew Z. , Kunii Kiyohito , Baylis Max , Ong Wai Hong , Kroupa Pavel , Koller Swen
Published: October 2019

The availability of large image data sets has been a crucial factor in the success of deep learning-based classification and detection methods. Yet, while data sets for everyday objects are widely available, data for specific industrial use-cases (e.g., identifying packaged products in a warehouse) remains scarce. In such cases, the data sets have to be created from scratch, placing a crucial bottleneck on the deployment of deep learning techniques in industrial applications. We present work carried out in collaboration with a leading UK online supermarket, with the aim of creating a computer vision system capable of detecting and identifying unique supermarket products in a warehouse setting. To this end, we demonstrate a framework for using data synthesis to create an end-to-end deep learning pipeline, beginning with real-world objects and culminating in a trained model. Our method is based on the generation of a synthetic dataset from 3D models obtained by applying photogrammetry techniques to real-world objects. Using 100K synthetic images for 10 classes, an InceptionV3 convolutional neural network was trained, which achieved accuracy of 96% on a separately acquired test set of real supermarket product images. The image generation process supports automatic pixel annotation. This eliminates the prohibitively expensive manual annotation typically required for detection tasks. Based on this readily available data, a one-stage RetinaNet detector was trained on the synthetic, annotated images to produce a detector that can accurately localize and classify the specimen products in real-time.
Preoperative inflammatory markers of NLR and PLR as indicators of poor prognosis in resectable HCC
Authors: Wang Dong , Bai Ning , Hu Xi , OuYang Xi Wu , Yao Lei , Tao YiMing , Wang ZhiMing
Published: October 2019

Background

Many recent studies have demonstrated the predominant role chronic inflammation plays in cancer cell propagation, angiogenesis and immunosuppression. Cancer-related inflammation (CRI) has been shown to correlate with poor cancer prognosis. Our study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have undergone liver resection.

Methods

Between 2012 and 2015, 239 patients with HCC who had undergone liver resection at XiangYa Hospital Central South University were included in this study. The values of simple inflammatory markers, including the NLR and PLR, used in predicting the long-term outcomes of these patients were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression models.

Results

The cutoff values of the NLR and PLR were 2.92 and 128.1, respectively. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, high NLR (≥2.92) and high PLR (≥128.1) were independent risk factors predicting poorer outcomes in patients with HCC. However, high NLR and high PLR were prognostic factors in tumor size and tumor number.

Conclusions

In this study, we identified that high NLR (≥2.92) and high PLR (≥128.1) are useful prognostic factors in predicting outcomes in patients with HCC whom underwent liver resection.
Structuring Hydrogel Surfaces for Tribology
Authors: Gombert Yvonne , Simič Rok , Roncoroni Fabrice , Dübner Matthias , Geue Thomas , Spencer Nicholas D.
Published: October 2019

Hydrogels are often used as model systems for articular cartilage due to similarities in their tribological properties. However, neither the structures nor the friction mechanisms of either system are fully understood. A key aspect of hydrogel lubrication is the nature of the polymeric structure at the surface, and the lubricating water film. A combination of neutron reflectometry and infrared spectroscopy is used to probe polymer volume fraction from the interface into the bulk hydrogel and its dependence on the molding material. The depth dependence of the polymer‐network density influences the compressibility of the hydrogel surfaces, as demonstrated by both atomic force microscopy (AFM)‐ and micro indentation. By changing molding materials, substantial differences in the gradient of polymer‐network density are observed with depth. The lower the volume fraction of polymer at the hydrogel surface, the more water it can maintain at its interface as a substantial water film that is stable even under static conditions. Such films render the hydrogel highly lubricious, with a speed‐independent friction coefficient of μ = 0.01, measured in gemini contact. This result provides experimental evidence that the presence of these highly lubricious water films is strongly dependent on the polymer‐network structure at the surface.
Controlling All‐Optical Helicity‐Dependent Switching in Engineered Rare‐Earth Free Synthetic Ferrimagnets
Authors: Liao Jung‐Wei , Vallobra Pierre , O'Brien Liam , Atxitia Unai , Raposo Victor , Petit Dorothée , Vemulkar Tarun , Malinowski Gregory , Hehn Michel , Martínez Eduardo , Mangin Stéphane , Cowburn Russell P.
Published: October 2019

All‐optical helicity‐dependent switching in ferromagnetic layers has revealed an unprecedented route to manipulate magnetic configurations by circularly polarized femtosecond laser pulses. In this work, rare‐earth free synthetic ferrimagnetic heterostructures made from two antiferromagnetically exchange coupled ferromagnetic layers are studied. Experimental results, supported by numerical simulations, show that the designed structures enable all‐optical switching which is controlled, not only by light helicity, but also by the relative Curie temperature of each ferromagnetic layer. Indeed, through the antiferromagnetic exchange coupling, the layer with the larger Curie temperature determines the final orientation of the other layer and so the synthetic ferrimagnet. For similar Curie temperatures, helicity‐independent back switching is observed and the final magnetic configuration is solely determined by the initial magnetic state. This demonstration of electrically‐detected, optical control of engineered rare‐earth free heterostructures opens a novel route toward practical opto‐spintronics.
Primary mesenteric follicular lymphoma with mesenteric panniculitis—A rare differential diagnosis of abdominal pain
Authors: Liu Che‐Yu , Lee Ming‐Yang , Tung Chun‐Liang , Tsai Kun‐Feng , Chen Chi‐Yi , Chou Chu‐Kuang
Published: October 2019

Mesenteric follicular lymphoma with mesenteric panniculitis is a rare cause of abdominal pain. We present the case of a 64‐year‐old woman who had intermittent, randomly located abdominal pain for 3 months. Abdominal computed tomography revealed mesenteric panniculitis and lymphadenopathy. After laparoscopic excisional biopsy, a diagnosis of follicular lymphoma was made. Further chemotherapy effectively downsized the mesenteric lymphadenopathy, and the pain was completely resolved. Our report demonstrates a rare and important differential diagnosis of abdominal pain and the crucial role of surgical excisional biopsy to diagnose mesenteric lymphoma.
Temporally Correlated Narrowband Biphoton Interference Based on Mach–Zehnder Interferometer
Authors: Zhang Da , Ahmed Irfan , Hao Lin , Cai Yin , Li Changbiao , Zhang Yiqi , Zhang Yanpeng
Published: October 2019

Since early 1990s, Mach–Zehnder interferometer has been used to investigate the interference of biphoton wave packets. Due to subpicosecond time coherence of biphoton generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion process, some physical processes are ignored in the interferometer, most likely the biphoton time‐domain interference. Here, the two‐photon interference phenomenon based on the Mach–Zehnder interferometer is theoretically studied, where the correlated photon pairs are produced by the four‐wave mixing in atomic system. In particular, the quantum interference effect to effectively control the coherent time of two‐photon by adjusting the input delay is used. In the damped Rabi oscillation regime, two‐photon bunching and antibunching effects are observed. In addition, in the group‐delay regime, the interference between biphoton precursor, slow‐light wave packets and also in between the precursor and the slow‐light wave packets is observed, which had never been reported before. These results may have potential applications in the fields of biphoton shaping and quantum information processing.
Cooperative Capture of Uranyl Ions by a Carbonyl‐Bearing Hierarchical‐Porous Cu–Organic Framework
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Feng , Chen Yangyang , Song Li‐Ping , Fang Zhen , Zhang Jian , Shi Fanian , Lin Ying‐Wu , Sun Yunkai , Zhang Yue‐Biao , Rocha João
Published: October 2019

To efficiently capture the toxic uranyl ions (UO22+), a new hierarchical micro‐macroporous metal–organic framework was prepared under template‐free conditions, featuring interconnected multi‐nanocages bearing carbonyl groups derived from a semi‐rigid ligand. The material exhibits an unusually high UO22+ sorption capacity of 562 mg g−1, which occurs in an intriguing two‐steps process, on the macropore‐based crystal surface and in the inner nanocages. Notably, the latter is attributed to the cooperative interplay of the shrinkage of the host porous framework induced by uranyl accommodation and the free carbonyl coordination sites, as shown by both single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and a red‐shift of the infrared [O=UVI=O]2+ antisymmetric vibration band.
Synthesis of lignosulfonate‐acrylamide‐dimethyldiallylammonium chloride copolymer and its flocculation performance
Authors: Zhang Weixing , Wang Xuejun , Xu Qing , Peng Jing , Lou Tao
Published: October 2019

In this work, lignosulfonate‐acrylamide‐dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (LAD) terpolymer was designed and synthesized by microwave‐assisted graft polymerization. The optimal synthetic process was obtained as follows: the monomer ratio was 1:4:4, the amount of initiator was 0.9% (w/w), the monomer solid content was 21 wt %, and the reaction time was 14 min with the microwave power of 280 W. Furthermore, the flocculation performance of LAD was verified by removing acid black‐172 dye wastewater. At the LAD dosage of 350 mg L−1, the maximum color removal ratio reached 99.8% in 100 mg L−1 of dye wastewater. The dynamics of dye removal reached higher than 90% after 20 s. The flocculant can maintain color removal ratio more than 98% in a wide flocculant dosage and environmental pH. The flocculation mechanism was mainly electrical neutralization and bridging effect. In general, it is a promising candidate in wastewater treatment in terms of cost, synthetic method, and effectiveness. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48560.
Involvement of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Type II in FoxP3 Stability and as a Marker of Treg Cells Specifically Expanded by Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Treatments in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Santinon François , Batignes Maxime , Mebrek Majda Lyna , Biton Jerôme , Clavel Gaëlle , Hervé Roxane , Lemeiter Delphine , Breckler Magali , Busato Florence , Tost Jorg , Ziol Marianne , Boissier Marie‐Christophe , Decker Patrice , Semerano Luca , Bessis Natacha
Published: October 2019

Objective

To study the involvement of Treg cells expressing tumor necrosis factor receptor type II (TNFRII) in exerting control of inflammation in experimental models and in the response to anti‐TNF treatments in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or spondyloarthritis (SpA).

Methods

The role of TNFRII in Treg cells was explored using a multilevel translational approach. Treg cell stability was evaluated by analyzing the methylation status of the Foxp3 locus using bisulfite sequencing. Two models of inflammation (imiquimod‐induced skin inflammation and delayed‐type hypersensitivity arthritis [DTHA]) were induced in TNFRII−/− mice, with or without transfer of purified CD4+CD25+ cells from wild‐type (WT) mice. In patients with RA and those with SpA, the evolution of the TNFRII+ Treg cell population before and after targeted treatment was monitored.

Results

Foxp3 gene methylation in Treg cells was greater in TNFRII−/− mice than in WT mice (50% versus 36.7%). In cultured Treg cells, TNF enhanced the expression, maintenance, and proliferation of Foxp3 through TNFRII signaling. Imiquimod‐induced skin inflammation and DTHA were aggravated in TNFRII−/− mice (P < 0.05 for mice with skin inflammation and P < 0.0001 for mice with ankle swelling during DTHA compared to WT mice). Adoptive transfer of WT mouse Treg cells into TNFRII−/− mice prevented aggravation of arthritis. In patients with RA receiving anti‐TNF treatments, but not those receiving tocilizumab, the frequency of TNFRII+ Treg cells was increased at 3 months of treatment compared to baseline (mean ± SEM 65.2 ± 3.1% versus 49.1 ± 5.5%; P < 0.01). In contrast, in anti‐TNF–treated patients with SpA, the frequency of TNFRII+ Treg cells was not modified.

Conclusion

TNFRII expression identifies a subset of Treg cells that are characterized by stable expression of Foxp3 via gene hypomethylation, and adoptive transfer of TNFRII‐expressing Treg cells ameliorates inflammation in experimental models. Expansion and activation of TNFRII+ Treg cells may be one of the mechanisms by which anti‐TNF agents control inflammation in RA, but not in SpA.
Oxidative Coupling of Benzylamines with Indoles in Aqueous Medium to Realize Bis‐(Indolyl)Methanes Using a Water‐Soluble Cobalt Catalyst and Air as the Oxidant
Authors: Saini Parul , Kumari Pratishtha , Hazra Susanta , Elias Anil J.
Published: October 2019

Oxidative coupling of benzylamines with indoles to bis‐(indolyl)methanes (BIMs) was achieved using an inexpensive water‐soluble cobalt complex, Co(bpb). The catalyst was found to be quite effective when air was used as the oxidant and water as solvent under mild reaction conditions. Aromatic amines were successfully converted to the corresponding BIMs with yields up to 85 %. We have successfully carried out a 1 gram scale reaction, and few pharmaceutically relevant compounds were also synthesised by this method in good yields. Control experiments have also been carried out to understand the possible reaction mechanism.
Stable Discrete Pt1(0) in Crown Ether with Ultra‐High Hydrosilylation Activity
Authors: Liu Kairui , Shen Xing , Bai Shi , Zhang Z. Conrad
Published: October 2019

Obtaining reduced discrete metal atoms that are stable in liquid solvents byin‐situreduction of an ionic metal precursor has been a challenge until recently. A liquid surfactant polydimethylsiloxane‐polyethylene glycol (PDMS‐PEG) enabled the synthesis of stable discrete platinum atoms (Pt1) by reducing Pt(IV) and Pt(II) salts. Here we report the successful preparation of discrete mononuclear platinum atoms (Pt1) in a crown ether, [15]crown‐5, as a structurally much simpler solvent, and the prepared Pt1@[15]crown‐5 was demonstrated for ultra‐high catalytic activity and selectivity in hydrosilylation reactions. A combination of spectroscopic characterizations proves the reduced Pt species is Pt1(0) with partially positive charge.195Pt NMR and DFT calculation indicate the Pt1(0) is stabilized by thepseudooctahedral structure of ([15]crown‐5)PtCl−2H+2involving two adjacent oxygens from the crown ether ring, although the oxygens in the crown ether ring have been known to host and stabilize certain metal cations. The Pt1@[15]crown‐5 shows ultrahigh activity (TOF of 8.3×108 h−1) with excellent terminal adducts selectivity in catalytic olefin hydrosilylation. This catalyst was found to be highly stable under hydrosilylation conditions. For examples, the turnover number (TON) exceeded 1.0×109for hydrosilylation between 1‐octene and (Me3SiO)2MeSiH without showing sign of deactivation; the TON exceeded 2.0×108while the catalyst remained active for a catalytically more demanding reaction between styrene and (Me3SiO)2MeSiH.