bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospects of sustainable wood building architecture
Authors: Rilatupa J
Published: November 2021

The responsibility of an architect as a subject or actor in realizing a work; must consider the conditions and situations of the physical and social environment, taking into account aspects in saving, maintaining and using resources efficiently. To realize the building design requires the selection of material resources that are environmentally responsible, because this will give identity to the architectural work. The role of architects in building architecture is always influenced by the surrounding environment in its era. The history of the wooden building architecture development is inseparable from its surrounding environment condition. Reduced natural resources such as sand, gravel and materials for making cement or iron sand and mining prohibitions that damage the environment will encourage the use of wood as a sustainable material. At first the history of the wooden buildings existence only depends on aspects of a building function alone. Now with technological development innovation, the sustainability of wooden building architecture has three elements, namely: function, strength and aesthetics. In the modern definition, architecture must include functional, aesthetic, and psychological considerations. Meanwhile, the development of various innovative products, for example engineered wood is an effort so that the life span of wood-based products will be utilized longer.
Bus terminal planning with the TOD approach for Jakarta, case study Kampung Rambutan bus terminal
Authors: Krisantinus Y , Siahaan U , Simatupang S
Published: November 2021

Travel convenience needs to be supported by the existence of cheap, fast and comfortable public transportation. Jakarta as a Metropolitan City pays close attention to this and plans to improve all existing bus terminals and make them well and planned connected to all existing transportation networks. The transportation network integration system with community facility centers is known as “Transit Oriented Development” or TOD. One of the bus terminals included in this program is the Kampung Rambutan Bus Terminal, which is deemed unsuitable for use. The irregularity of the flow of passengers, the flow of private vehicles gives the impression of chaos and slum in this bus terminal. The position of this bus terminal is considered very strategic and important, because this bus terminal is a transit for passengers near and far. In principle, the TOD approach is a technique of connecting the transportation mode from the station or terminal to the surrounding buildings or areas. For example, commercial areas, offices and residences, are also connected via outdoor and indoor pedestrian paths that are open to the public and direct through to stations or terminals available in the area. Smooth travel and good network connectivity, this will also support the terminal environment maintenance issues. These two approach topics will be the theme of the new Kampung Rambutan bus terminal design.
Implementation of eco building on design rest area Soekarno Hatta international airport
Authors: Panjaitan T , Ismanto R , Rilatupa J , Ulinata U
Published: November 2021

The population growth has resulted in demands for transportation needs to be able to carry out activities outside from home such as work, schooling and even travelling to other city dan countries. A transportation equipped with rest area facilities in order to facilitate the comfortable movement of resident activities. From these conditions, a rest area design is needed, especially at airports that can provide convenience and comfort for residents who want to travel to other city dan countries. This study used a qualitative descriptive method by collecting primary data, studying literature from similar projects. The rest area design at Soekarno Hatta Airport produces a rest area design that accommodates the density of visitors at Soekarno Hatta Airport by using the eco building concept in the building which is expected to provide comfort and convenience in using transportation in airport.
Visual and spatial changes of translocated Javanese vernacular houses in Padi Heritage Hotel Malang, Indonesia
Authors: Yusran Y A , Titisari E Y , Karomah H M
Published: November 2021

Recently, many Joglos, which is one of the Javanese vernacular houses have been translocated and converted by the locals to accommodate a variety of new functions, such as lodging and cafes. The effort to reuse those translocated Joglos becomes a conservation trend in Indonesia and assumed as an ex-situ conservation of cultural heritage buildings. Descriptively, this study examines the conservation efforts which runs in Padi Heritage Hotel Malang by translocating the Joglo Jepara and Joglo Kudus from its home and placed in this resort-hotel area. In its new homes, these re-rised Joglos adapt the new function and respectively it causes changes in the visual and spatial aspects of the Joglos as the result of the adaptive reuse approach. There are several factors that affect changes in the translocation of the Joglos in the Padi Heritage Hotel, such as the need to beautify the building visually, demands for new functions, as well as the need for certain additions to the structures of the building that makes questions about authenticity need to be addressed in this conservation issue.
Effect of side frictions on level of service of DI Panjaitan street in Cawang - East Jakarta
Authors: Gosal F E , Tambunan E
Published: November 2021

DI Panjaitan street has a heavy traffic congestion on the-day-of-workday especially during peak periods from 7 am to 9 am and 5 pm to 7 pm. This research aims to determine the level of service of DI Panjaitan street especially during peak hours that caused by the traffic flow and the side friction of road. The level of service was determined by using Indonesian Highway Capacity Guidance or IHCG 2014 and the most influential variable of the side friction was determined by using multiple linear regression analysis in SPSS. The research shows that DI Panjaitan street has the level F on Monday during peak hours from 7 am to 9 am and between 5 pm to 7 pm and level from C to D occurred from Tuesday to Friday. The most influential variable of the side friction was determined by equation 0.157+ 0.002 X1 + 0.001 X2 + 0.002 X3. The research shows that the park & stop vehicle, exits + enters, not motorized vehicle, strongly correlates to the value of degree saturation with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.792.
Utilization of copper fiber waste to increase compressive strength and split tensile strength of rigid pavement
Authors: Ndruru H , Simanjuntak R M , Tampubolon S P
Published: November 2021

The rigid pavement is a pavement construction in which a concrete slab is used as the top layer, which is located above the foundation or directly above the subgrade, without or with an asphalt surface layer. One type of rigid pavement used in Indonesia is rigid pavement without using reinforcement which is usually used in areas with low traffic or residential areas. Pavement without using reinforcement is the small split tensile strength so that the part of the plate will experience cracks due to stresses that cannot be avoided from traffic loads. Therefore, it is necessary to have reinforcement on the concrete slab so that the cracks do not extend. In this research, the use of copper fiber waste from electronic cables as a substitute solution for reinforcement to be used as a mixture in concrete. The experiments were carried out using fiber with variations of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% of the total weight of concrete mixture material and then tested at 28 days of concrete age. This research showed the variation of fiber weight until 1,5% increase the split tensile strength up to 32,46% and the compressive strength up to 9,16%.
Modification of geometry of airfoil NACA 0018 towards work testing vertical axis wind type Darrieus Eggbeater
Authors: Tarihoran B , Sebayang M D , Pane M
Published: November 2021

Technological developments on energy savings are caused by increasing demand for energy use from year to year. This is done to avoid an energy crisis. The energy crisis is a problem that is being faced because of the depletion of fossil energy. To restore fossil energy can require natural processes in a long time. With the limited availability of fossil energy, it is very necessary to develop alternative energy sources that are friendly to the environment, one of which is wind energy. Indonesia is an archipelago, so the wind speed in Indonesia is relatively low, then in this study can be overcome using a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT). This research was conducted to find out power of Coefficient, type speed ratio in the variation of wind speed in the turbine. This study uses a wind power design with a vertical axis. Blades are used from modified NACA 0018 airfoil. Research result taken at the time of testing is with wind speeds ranging from 3 m / s to 6,1 m/s which measures the capacity of electric power produced by turbines with a load of 10 watts. The results of this study are the minimum actual power of the turbine 2.881 Watt with TSR 0.4 and Cp 0.18 at wind speed 3 m/s, and the maximum power obtained at a speed of 6,1m/s that is equal to 14.62 Watt with a TSR of 0.25 and Cp of 0.29.
The genetic diversity of angsana (Pterocarpus indicus) in Purwodadi Botanical Garden Indonesia revealed by rDNA ITS
Authors: Danarto S A , Qiptiyah M , Prihatini I , C Widyatmoko A Y P B
Published: November 2021

Pterocarpus indicus or angsana is one of the tropical tree species that produce redwood. It has been listed as an endangered species by IUCN since 2018, as its natural population number has declined and possibly extinct in some countries. Therefore, conservation efforts to protect this species must be carried out based on the appropriate conservation strategy. This study aimed to assess molecular characters of Pterocarpus species in Purwodadi Botanical Garden using rDNA ITS (internal transcribed spacer) and its association with morphological characters. Information on genetic and morphological characters will precisely identify this species so that conservation strategy can be appropriately planned. Leaf samples of eighteen P. indicus trees were collected from Purwodadi Botanical Garden (PBG) and used in this study. Twelve specimens that provide clear DNA sequence were genetically assessed. The results showed that P. echinatus exhibited rDNA ITS character similar to that P. indicus, while P. indicus specimens from Morotai were very different from other P. indicus specimens. Morotai specimens showed 89% similarity to several Pterocarpus species, including P. acapulcensis, P. rohrii and P. indicus. The morphological characters were assessed along with molecular characters. The impacts of conservation strategies are discussed in this paper.
Diversity of pollen collected by kelulut bee (Heterotrigona itama) from South Kalimantan
Authors: Hakim S S , Siswadi S , Wahyuningtyas R S , Halwany W , Rahmanto B , Lestari F , Basiang H A , Alamsyah M S , Susianto A , Buwono D C , Suryanto E , Saad A
Published: November 2021

Pollen is an essential source of proteins and vitamins for the bee diet. In addition, the diversity of pollen found in honey provides information about plant species that illustrate the bees foraging activity. This study aims to identify pollen in kelulut (Heterotrigona itama) beehives and identify its botanical origins. This study was conducted in two bee farming locations which are Layuh Village, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency, and Gambah Luar Village, Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency, South Kalimantan Province. Pollen was collected from the beehives and stored in an airtight container. Collected pollen was identified using the acetolysis method. According to this study, there were 14 pollen types found, where only 9 of them can be identified. In the first locations (Layuh Village), most pollen came from Asteraceae (38.8%) and Arecaceae (31.2%) families. While at the Gambah Luar village, pollen was dominated by those who originated from the Rubiaceae family (31.2%). This result also revealed that Heterotrogona itama is a multi-floral bee and has various diets consisting of fruit, ornamental, and herbaceous plants. The information generated from this study can be used as plant enrichment recommendations in the honey bee farming areas.
Effect of axenic culture and NAA in Vitro on masoyi (Cryptocarya massoy (Oken) Kosterm) seeds regeneration
Authors: Wibisono Y , Putri A I , Hadiyan Y , Haryjanto L , Hakim L , Sumardi  , Yeny I , Utomo P M
Published: November 2021

The high valuable endemic commodities in Papua, Masoyi’s (Cryptocarya massoy) population facing great threat due to unsustainable harvest system. Generative propagation faces significant challenges due to seed characteristics and habitat conditions. Controlled conditions and the role of hormones have an important effect on generative growth. This study aimed to determine the influence of axenic culture with sterilization treatments Isothiazolone Biocide (IB) and 1-Naphtaleaneacetic Acid (NAA) in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium on seed regeneration and to observe the development of seedlings at the acclimatization stage. The tissue culture method was used. The highest percentage of axenic cultures (57%) was obtained with 5% of BI. The germination rate of masoyi seeds was achieved by 100%. Furthermore, it showed varied responses depending upon concentrations of NAA, the addition of 1 ml l−1 NAA in MS medium is recommended. Acclimatization has been successfully carried out in the greenhouse (67% survival rate) and excellent seedlings growth at nursery (52.35 + 0.6 cm in height after one year transferred). The impact of the controlled conditions and the addition of NAA to axenic cultures in vitro increased the germination of masoyi seeds. Axenic culture and hormones were also important requirements for mass propagation of masoyi by tissue culture.
Pests of Sonneratia caseolaris seedlings in the mangrove restoration area nursery of Berbak-Sembilang National Park and its damage
Authors: Utami S , Kunarso A , Kurniawan A , Lelana N E , Haneda N F
Published: November 2021

Sonneratia caseolaris is one of the mangrove species that is widespread in Indonesia. It has important ecological functions to protect coastal foreshores. However, the S. caseolaris seedlings are rarely to be planted in mangrove restoration projects. One of the challenges in producing many S. caseolaris seedlings for mangrove restoration projects is pest infestation. However, the information on those pests is still limited. This study aimed to identify S. caseolaris pests that hinder the successfulness of cultivation. The incidence and intensity of pest infestation on S. caseolaris seedlings have also been assessed. This research was carried out in the nursery of the mangrove restoration area of Berbak-Sembilang National Park. The results showed that insect and rodentia were two major groups found infested S. caseolaris seedlings. Three species of insect pests were identified, namely Pteroma plagiophleps, Ooecophylla sp., and Sexava sp. The incidence and severity of P. plagiophleps, Ooecophylla sp., and Sexava sp. infestation were 16.38%; 21.02%; 6.68%; and 30.83%; 42.67%, 25.83%, respectively. For rodentia pest, the Rattus sp. was the only species found to infest the plant, with an incidence of 16.67%. These all pests significantly affect the growth performance of S. caseolaris seedlings.
The vegetation structure and economic value of Arenga pinnata Merr by community surrounding forest of Mount Halimun Salak National Park, Indonesia
Authors: Adalina Y , Sawitri R
Published: November 2021

Aren is a non-timber forest product in Mount Halimun Salak National Park (MHSNP) that supports conservation and community welfare. This study was conducted to determine the potential economic value of aren for the local community. Sukajaya Village was selected purposively as the center of palm sugar production. The data were collected by vegetation inventory and interviews in Sukajaya Village selected by random sampling. Vegetation measurements were done in the forest areas of Mount Rongocongo, i.e., Cibedug Resort. In the mixed garden of MHSNP forest areas, the aren’s density was 237 trees per ha with an Important Value Index (IVI) of 139.59%. Unfortunately, there was no regeneration of aren seedling. Aren tapping is an essential livelihood. Thirty farmers who work as tappers as their main or side jobs earn an average of IDR 654,000 months−1 individual−1. This figure accounts for 64.36% of the total household income of farmers. To eliminate the conflict areas, the local community needs to cultivate aren and fruits from forest areas near their settlement, or boundary land of MHSNP closed to their settlement. Derivation and product variations such as nira processing into powdered palm sugar and processing the sugar palm fruit are also important to increase their economic value. Therefore, the local community around MHSNP needs assistance and institution to develop the utilization of aren plantation.
Reproductive outputs of two sandalwood landraces with different genetic base and clonality levels in Gunung Sewu, Indonesia
Authors: Putri A D C , Indrioko S , Nugroho A , Faridah E , Ratnaningrum Y W N
Published: November 2021

Based on the genetic base and clonality level, sandalwood (Santalum album) formed two types of landraces along with the Gunung Sewu Global Geopark Network in the southern part of Java islands, Indonesia. These two types are represented by Bejiharjo (which has a low genetic base and high clonality) and Bleberan (which has a high genetic base and low clonality) landraces. This study aimed to observe the quality of sandalwood seeds collected from the two landraces to determine the qualified seeds. We collected and tested all produced seeds of fruiting parent trees from August 2019 to March 2020. The physical and physiological quality tests included counting the number of seeds, measuring the seed size, and testing the viability of seeds. The Bleberan landrace produced 9161 seeds with 22.06% of seed viability. Meanwhile, the Bejiharjo produced only 158 seeds, of which all failed to germinate. Lower genetic base and higher clonality increased the inbred progenies, led to inbreeding depression, and decreased seed production and viability. Therefore, the qualified seed from the Bleberan landraces is worth considering to provide future genetic materials.
The initial growth of tacca (Tacca leontopetaloides) as food crops in the agroforestry pattern with malapari
Authors: Hani A , Damayanti R U , Megawati  , Suharti T , Zanzibar
Published: November 2021

Indonesia has many types of carbohydrate sources. Tacca (Tacca leontopetaloides) has potential as a source of the functional food industry, especially maltotriose and maltotetraose production. Tacca grows well in an open or a shaded area on sandy soil-mineral, soil pH is slightly alkaline, with very low to low Cation Exchange Capacity. Malapari (Pongamia pinnata) is a biofuel-producing plant with a natural distribution on coastal land. Planting combination between malapari as an energy-producing plant and tacca as a food source has never existed. So, it needs to be incentives in developing agroforestry that can provide intermediate results for farmers. The requirement of good quality tacca seedlings is a crucial factor in supporting food security. This study aimed to determine the effect of the types of tacca seeds used on the initial growth of tacca. The study used a randomized complete block design consisting of 3 (three) treatments: a) large tubers, b) small tubers, and c) the origin of seeds. The results showed that plants from large tubers produced the highest number of shoots, height, and diameter (5.83; 27.77 cm and 0.43 cm). Five years old malapari reaches a diameter of 6.95 cm, a height of 3.89 m, and a crown width of 2.43 m.
Diversity of endophytic fungal species from Styrax benzoin found in benzoin-producing locations in North Sumatra
Authors: Slamet W Y , Faulina S A , Hidayat A , Susilowati A , Elfiati D , Rahayu L M , Turjaman M
Published: November 2021

Styrax benzoinis a native tree to Indonesia, particularly in North Sumatra. This plant species produces benzoin resin, which is beneficial for medicinal treatments, hence its commercial value. Endophytic fungi help produce bioactive metabolites and contribute to resin production. However, the diversity of endophytic fungal species fromS. benzoingrown in North Sumatra remained largely unexplored. This study aims to determine the distribution and diversity of culturable endophytic fungi from twokemenyan-producing locations in North Sumatra, Simalungun and North Tapanuli, as well as their tree part origin. A total of 7 and 8 endophytic fungal species were obtained from barks, stems, and/or leaves ofS. benzoingrown in Simalungun and North Tapanuli, respectively, and identified by internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis. Endophytic fungi from North Tapanuli showed higher diversity, with a Shannon-Wiener index of 2.31 than those from Simalungun (1.95). Morisita-Horn similarity indices for bark-stem, stem-leaf, and bark-leaf were 0.47, 0.08, and 0, respectively, hinting at organ-specificity colonization. This study offers insights into the diversity of endophytic fungi isolated fromS. benzoinwhich may contribute to future improvement of benzoin resin production.
The performance of paludiculture commodities at different peat depths in Central Kalimantan
Authors: Yuwati T W , Rachmanadi D , Qirom M A , Santosa P B , Halwany W , Hakim S , Alimah D
Published: November 2021

Paludiculture is one of the alternative efforts to restore degraded peatland. It involves rewetting, revegetation and revitalization of local livelihood. This research evaluated three paludiculture demonstration plots at Central Kalimantan, one in the shallow peat of Pilang village and two plots in the deep peat of Tumbang Nusa village. The plots were evaluated in terms of the plant’s growth, productivity, commodities introduced and environmental monitoring, including water table, soil physical and chemical properties, carbon stocks and CO2 emission. The results showed that the three plots were categorized as “compromised” paludiculture plots because some of the commodities were not local peatland species. Belangeran (Shorea balangeran) and horticultural plant species such as rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) and pineapple (Ananas comosus) showed good growth performance. Liberica coffee (Coffea liberica) was not suitable for deep peat due to its low survival rate and poor growth. The result also showed that soil peat characteristics of the sites were still in good condition; however, the impact of peatland utilization should have been monitored to support land-use sustainability. Moreover, stingless bee cultivation and vegetables could become potential commodities to be developed in shallow and deep peatland.
Flowering and fruiting phenology of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) from Sumatra landraces in ex situ conservation area in Karangmojo, Yogyakarta
Authors: Fathin A N , Astuti D , Winarni W W , Ratnaningrum Y W N
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to determine the flowering and fruiting phenology of jackfruit originated from Sumatra landraces planted in ex situ conservation in Yogyakarta within the 2018 and 2019 flowering periods. Flowering ontogeny and phenology were observed following Owens and Pushpakumara methods. Results found five developmental stages of male inflorescences, which last in 64-101 days, ended by the drought and abscissed of the males. Female inflorescences undergo five stages which take 92-160 days in total. Differences in rainfall and the dry season period resulted in different onset and duration of flowering. In 2018, which has more rainfall and a shorter dry season, flowering initiates lately (February-June) with a longer duration (6 months). In 2019, the less rainfall and more extended dry season resulted in early flowering (January-April) with a shorter duration (4 months). The Medan landrace flowered later and longer. Flowering synchrony occurred between sexes within the same tree, but there was asynchronous flowering among individual trees. Water availability is crucial in flowering and fruit production. Flowering stimulation and pollination management may also be conducted to increase flower production, pollinating agents, and fruit production and synchronize the flowering.
A Review: Prospective study of non-timber forest product uses in three Meranti species (Shorea spp.)
Authors: Wardani M , Denny  , Susilo A
Published: November 2021

Meranti (Shorea spp.) is a commercial timber tree species of Indonesian forest potentially to be developed for Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs). We explored the NTFPs perspective of three Meranti species, Shorea hopeifolia (F.Heim) Symington, Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Blume, and Shorea balangeran Burk, by identifying the content of phytochemical compounds. Data collection methods include: exploration, identification to obtain the accuracy of the species scientific name, and analysis the phytochemical content using Gas Chromatographic Mass Spectrometer (GCMS) pyrolysis. We revealed the bark of the tree species contained phytochemical compounds potential for medicinal ingredients especially for antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anticancer. Since the exploitation of the bark is better than the trees, the potential use of non-timber forest products of the meranti supports the conservation of the species. Further research to unveil other benefits of the meranti species should be conducted.
Influence of jeringau (Acorus calamus Linn.) rhizome extract against dry-wood termites (Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light.)
Authors: Ismanto A , Anggraeni I , Agustiningrum D A , Ardiansyah Y
Published: November 2021

Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg.) is classified as a hardwood, yet it is vulnerable to dry-wood termites attack, namely Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light. Hence, a preservative is necessary for prevention. The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of jeringau rhizome extract on dry-wood termites C. cynocephalus attack. The experimental design was a completely randomized factorial design with two factors include 2 levels of solvent (water and ethanol) and 4 levels of extract ratio (1:4, 1:6, 1:8, and 1:10). Parameters observed were actual retention, termites mortality, sample weight loss, and attack degree. Rubberwood was sized in 5 cm x 3 cm x 3 cm. The method used was immersing the samples in a container that contains jeringau rhizome extract in various treatments for 72 hours. The immersed samples were then fed to healthy and active C. cynocephalus for 12 weeks. The results showed that the type of solvents and extract ratio had a significant effect on termites mortality and samples weight loss, while actual retention was influenced by the extract ratio. In conclusion, the most effective formula to prevent dry-wood termites attack was jeringau rhizome extract with a weight ratio of jeringau powder and ethanol 1:6.
Trials of frankincense harvesting using organic stimulants
Authors: Andini S , Ningrum M H , Sukadaryati
Published: November 2021

Generally, frankincense resin is used as a raw material of the cosmetic and pharmacy industry and is often used as traditional rituals related to mystical things. However, the information related to the stimulant application on frankincense tapping is lacking even not available yet. This article aims to provide the initial information on frankincense tapping technic using three organic stimulants. The trials were conducted in one of the community forests in Dolog Sanggul, North Sumatera. The trees sampled were 40 with an average diameter of 17.07 cm that adjusted with the variable used. Organic stimulants used in this study were wood vinegar, galangal, and lime. The result showed a) the organic stimulant was potential to be applied in frankincense harvesting based on the productivity of produced resin; b) the application of three organic stimulants in frankincense harvesting affected the resin production compared to the control (without stimulant), and c) the resin yield varied between 0.177-1.051 gr with a harvesting period of one month. As an illustration, the resin yield of one frankincense tree averagely 0.1-0.5 kg per year with a harvesting period of 3-4 months without stimulant. The innovation of frankincense harvesting is necessary to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the stem wounding process and stimulant application.
Trial performance of the zero waste harvesting method in three forest concession companies, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia
Authors: Dulsalam  , Soenarno  , Sukadaryati
Published: November 2021

Currently, natural forest management companies (concession permit of timber forest products utilization-natural forest/IUPHHK-HA) have implemented Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) technology but timber harvesting is still carried out using the conventional method. Tree length logging is an alternative method of harvesting wood in an effort to reduced waste and increases the efficiency of the utilization of timber forest products and the preservation of natural production forests. The potential for wood harvesting waste is estimated at 2.21 million m3year−1 and has remained left in the cutting compartment for decades. The purpose of this paper is to obtain technical and financial information about forest harvesting on a zero waste basis. Data collection was carried out by experimental methods. Productivity, efficiency, cost, and stand damage data were collected. The results of the research in three IUPHHK-HA in Central Kalimantan show that the zero waste logging method can reduced harvesting waste by 5.1% and increase the efficiency of wood utilization from 87.7-92.8%. Another advantage of the zero waste logging method is that the additional waste from the trunk above the first branch is about 5.8%. The productivity of the conventional method averaged 26.333 m3hour−1 at a cost of IDR 33,941 m−3 while the tree length logging method was 27.320 m3hour−1 at a cost of IDR 35,251 m−3. It is suggested that the tree length logging method be implemented in natural production forest harvesting.
A review: The utilization and its benefits of liquid smoke from lignocellulosic waste
Authors: Winarni I , Gusmailina  , Komarayati S
Published: November 2021

In the integrated charcoal technology, the smoke arising from the process is flowed into a pipe which is cooled, so that the smoke turns into a liquid, so it is called liquid smoke. Therefore, the technology to produce liquid smoke is environmentally friendly. The raw material used in the process of making wood vinegar is generally in the form of lignocellulose waste which contains lignin and cellulose such as wood waste, bamboo waste, oil palm shell waste, coconut shell waste and others. With simple technology input, liquid smoke can be produced from this waste, which has many benefits. The method to produce the liquid smoke was through a process of charcoal or pyrolysis which produces three forms of solid products, namely charcoal, products in the form of gases, namely smoke, and products in the form of liquids, so called tar and liquid smoke; and the main component as a characteristic of liquid smoke were acetic acid, phenolic and carbamic acid. Phenol is the compound that plays the most role in liquid smoke, because it is antibacterial and antifungal and inhibits fat oxidation. Therefore, liquid smoke with its various benefits can be a solution for the problems of pets and bacteria in agriculture or environmental pollution.
Cassava starch-chitosan-sorghum micro-fibrillated cellulose biocomposite wrapping film to prevent COVID-19 outspread
Authors: Prasetiyo K W , Syamani F A , Amalia Y R , Ermawati R , Fatimah D , Mailisa T , Amalia B , Karima R , Solikhin A , Kusumah S S , Masruchin N , Munawar S S , Marlina R , Subyakto
Published: November 2021

To prevent virus spreading, the corpse or the coffin of COVID-19 patients need to be wrapped in plastic. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE), a crude oil-based wrapping plastic, is difficult to decompose in nature after use. In this study, biocomposite wrapping film was developed from cassava starch and chitosan, with the addition of sorghum Micro-Fibrillated Cellulose (MFC) by levels of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%. Cassava starch (raw starch) was modified by acetic anhydride to produce acetylated cassava starch (acetylated starch) which is less hydrophilic thus enhance the compounding ability with LDPE. The sorghum MFC was obtained from sorghum fibers after following processes: soda pulping, bleaching and fibrillation with a super grinder. The addition of 1% sorghum MFC into raw starch-chitosan increased the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity by 33% and 17%, respectively. On the other hand, the addition of 2% sorghum MFC into acetylated starch-chitosan increased the elongation by 38%. Wrapping film needs to have good elongation ability so that it can be stretched during application. Based on elongation characteristic, acetylated cassava starch-chitosan with addition of 2% sorghum MFC can be developed to be a candidate for biocomposite wrapping film to prevent COVID-19 outspread.
Callus inducement of Toona sinensis: Potential agents against SARS-Corona virus replication
Authors: Putri A I , Herawan T , Prastyono  , Haryjanto L , Fauzi M A , Izudin E , Setiawan A , Suprihati  , Hartono R , Novriyanti E , Christita M
Published: November 2021

Bioprospecting of anti-SARS-corona virus phytochemical agents is an important issue today as an alternative to chemical drugs whose effectiveness has not been fully successful with no light effect. Quercetin, a component of Toona sinensis young leaves extract, was reported to have anti-viral activity against SARS-corona virus replication in vitro. Currently, the low efficiency of secondary metabolite production is an obstacle. Production of secondary metabolites from callus induction in vitro is considered more efficient and in a short time for commercial applications. The composition of hormones in callus media affects the secondary metabolites formed. The study was conducted to determine the effect of synthetic hormones auxin (BAP) and cytokinin (NAA) on callus percentage, fresh and dry callus cell weight and the average time of callus formation. The call percentage (100%) was obtained in different combinations of BAP and NAA in MS medium. The highest fresh weight of callus (165.50 gL−1) and dry cell weight (28.47 gL−1) were observed in MS medium (1.5 mgL−1 BAP and 1 mgL−1 NAA) within 7 days initial formation time of callus. The results showed that all the indices measured were positively correlated with callus induction in T. sinensis.
The integration of social forestry, science and local community in the collaborative Muna teak (Tectona grandis) development
Authors: Desmiwati  , Veriasa T O , Zanzibar M , Bramasto Y , Damayanti R U , Yuniarti N , Wibowo L R
Published: November 2021

The demand for teak wood in Indonesia reached 7 million m3, however, only 10% can be produced. One of the best teak producers in Indonesia was Muna, Southeast Sulawesi which once has a golden period but now experiencing degradation and losing genetic resources. How to restore Muna teak and its genetic resource became the question of the research. This study uses descriptive qualitative research using data from interviews with relevant stakeholders and secondary data. The result of the study shows that the issuance of Business Permit for the Utilization of Timber Forest Product-in Community Forest for three Forest Farmer’s Cooperatives in 2017 on the area of 1,817 hectares through the Social Forestry scheme has made a positive contribution to the restoration of Muna teak forest. The management of the three cooperatives in partnership with a private company, and the government’s financial support by initiating a tissue culture laboratory and genetic engineering as an effort to propagate the Muna teak using mutation breeding techniques to obtain superior clones. Through multi parties, involvement, and support, the integration of government policies and science, in synergy with individual effort and local community movement, effort indicates a hope to restore Muna teak.
The tradition of farming in the State Forest Area: lesson learned from Batulanteh’s Production Forest Management Unit, West Nusa Tenggara Province
Authors: Achmad B , Diniyati D , Siarudin M
Published: November 2021

The research is targeted to identify the motivation of farming, the history of occupation, and the effects on the farmers’ livelihood employing an ex-ante approach that provides potential clues about tenurial factors. Data are collected through interviews and focus group discussions with 34 farmers and 10 key persons and analyzed descriptively. The research revealed that the farmers’ residential status are mostly migrant from Lombok Regency. They have been farming for 22 years since Perhutani Company recruited laborers for reforestation program. Economic pressure is presumably being the most reason for farmers to migrate to and cultivate the state forest areas. The changes authority of forest from Perhutani to forestry service, change the policy of forest management too, and unsettle the farmers. This anxiety can be decreased by increasing the sources of farmers’ income through training such as how to produce beverage juice from cashew fruit flesh and raising honey bees. In this regard, cooperation between industrial ministry, trade ministry, local government, and farmer groups is required, particularly for forest product marketing assistance. Additionally, a forest conservation agent is urgent to regenerate from the local farmers.
Participatory land-use planning for strengthening the village land resources management: a case study of Gorontalo, Indonesia
Authors: Nursafingi A
Published: November 2021

Sustainable land management is crucial to ensure the availability of food, water, and clean air, especially to long-term support of human well-being and health. Continuous exploitation of land resources leads to land degradation and declines in agricultural productivity, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. This study aims to strengthen land resources management at the village level through a participatory land-use planning (PLUP) approach. The research location is at Moliliulo Village, Gorontalo. Current issues on land use and land management were collected using participatory rural appraisal (PRA) techniques. This information became a consideration in land use analysis conducted using a geographic information system (GIS). The approved future land use directions are about 88% forest (natural forest and agroforestry) and 12% non-forest (agriculture, coconut plantations, settlements, and water body). The land-use plan is essential for guiding the village government and the villagers on managing land resources. Additionally, it potentially strengthens the village development programs, social forestry management and resolves forest conflict. To ensure the implementation of land use planning, the village government should develop regulations on land use.
Partnership model for sericulture development to improve farmer’s welfare (a case study at bina mandiri farmer group at Sukabumi Regency)
Authors: Widiarti A , Andadari L , Suharti S , Heryati Y , Yuniati D , Agustarini R
Published: November 2021

One of the agro-industrial sectors that has the potential to improve the welfare of the community is sericulture. Sericulture is an activity in the silk agroindustry, ranging from mulberry cultivation, silkworm cultivation, yarn, and fabric production to marketing. However, 95% of domestic demand for silk yarn is still imported from China although the quality local silk yarn is not inferior to Chinese products. Problems hindering silk development in Indonesia include limited capital and access, technology, and markets. Also the lack of policy supports for the development of sericulture. This paper presents partnership patterns in sericulture development between related parties (government, entrepreneurs, and silk farmers). The research was conducted at the Bina Mandiri Farmers Group, Sukamaju Village, Kadudampit District, Sukabumi Regency. The research method used was descriptive qualitative. The results showed that the partnership pattern developed was the plasma nucleus pattern. The step of cooperation in forming a business partnership is one strategy to develop a business for farmers. It requires maximum support from entrepreneurs through training packages for farmers. Guidance is carried out through the transfer of technology for enhancement productivity to increase farmer’s competence. In addition, coaching is also carried out by developing sericulture agribusiness institutions through cooperatives to improve farmers’ welfare further.
Regulatory challenges for tree seed source and certification in Indonesia: documentation versus productivity perspectives
Authors: Nirsatmanto A , Sunarti S
Published: November 2021

Permen LHK:P.3/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/1/2020 and Perdirjen RLPS:P.05/V-SET/2010 are two major regulations for forest tree seed implementation in Indonesia. Referring some Articles in the Regulations, it seems to need further investigation and analysis because primary task of seed source has been confusing with tasks of genetic resources, breeding, and plantation. Varies in reproductive system and advanced technology are also neglected. In addition, documentative (referred as by-process) seems to be main priority rather than ensuring actual seed productivity (referred as by-product). Such condition causes some irrelevant standards in the regulations and posed a contra-productive for the seed sources and further certification. As a result, it tends to eliminate many potential stands as seed source, and poses a causality negative impact diminishing tree grower’s interest for supplying seed and maintaining genetic resources. These problems and along with the increasing difficulty in seed supply have become challenges for the importance of ongoing monitoring and assessment of the existing regulations. This paper proposes some ideas addressing such challenges through regulatory improvements in optimizing the task of seed source, such as re-defining some standards, and focusing on real seed productivity. The improved regulation is also expected to stimulate involvement of community in seed source activities and maintaining potential genetic resources.
Unbalanced partnership scheme between community plantation forest and company: study case in West Kotawaringin, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Subarudi  , Gangga A , Sari G K
Published: November 2021

The changing regulation for community plantation forest (CPF) from social forestry point of view into a business-oriented context has no significant effects on its capital strengthening. Limited capital becomes an obstacle for farmers to develop the CPF area. It encourages the CPF to conduct a partnership scheme with the nearest company in its working area. The objectives of the research are to evaluate the partnership scheme and to make improvements from the evaluation results. The research method used is descriptive analysis and quantitative approach. The results show that many problems have been raised during the partnership implementation as farmers have no bargaining position, the company’s log price is not feasible, and no explanation on how the price is determined. The profit margin of the CPF is the lowest (Rp98,000/ton wood) or 11.8% among the parties involved in the wood plantation businesses. Therefore, the partnership scheme must be improved for better prosperity of CPF farmers through shifting from partnership CPF to self-sufficient CPF. This shifting provides a high bargaining position and better revenue for the CPF farmers.
Institutional fragmentation of peat fire management in Indonesia: a knowledge management perspective
Authors: Rochmayanto Y , Sakuntaladewi N , Iqbal M , Hidayat D C , Winarno B , Lestari S , Qirom M A , Ardhana A , van Kerkhoff L , Robins L
Published: November 2021

The importance of intersectoral collaboration in policy implementation has been widely accepted. Concepts of intersectoral collaboration and policy coordination are theoretically appealing; however, it is challenging to implement in practice, including in forest fire management. This paper aims to map the institutions on forest fire management and analyze the rationality in using knowledge in their duties and authorities. Using stakeholder mapping combined with the Concern-Knowledge-Action approach, this study is conducted at the national level in Indonesia, and takes two sub-national levels, South Sumatera and Central Kalimantan, as the case study. There are many institutions involved in fire management in all governance levels, including at the provincial-district level, as well as at the sub-district-village level, but the institutional fragmentation in peat fire management is still found. In managing fire in South Sumatera and Central Kalimantan, it is not handled by a specific institution having the most influential and important positions. They have different authorities but the same potential power to prevent and combat fire. A complex interconnection among them indicates the need for effective institution integration. Less connectivity among the knowledge pool is also found, especially between private – community, NGO – academia, and government – community. Finally, knowledge improvement on fire prevention method especially in defining a community livelihood offset, as well as the ex-post fire management (measuring the level of fire impact and its recovery methods) is needed to fill the gap of knowledge. A stakeholder Forum is one of the options to improve intersectoral coordination in managing forest fire in peatland and enhance the effectiveness of knowledge sharing. At community level, conducting informal discussion and capacity-building programs would be feasible options for better coordination and improving knowledge.
Recommendations for the initiation of agro-tourism establishment in Hujungtiwu Village, Panjalu District, Ciamis Regency
Authors: Utomo M M B , Sudomo A , Suhaendah E
Published: November 2021

Hujungtiwu village has several attractive features such as agricultural and agroforestry commodities, mountainous scenery with Gunung Sawal as the background, and location in high altitude with cool climate and cold water. This potential plus the fact that many youth were laid off due to COVID-19 pandemic awake villagers to develop a new tourist village with agro tourism concept. Through focus group discussion, field observation, and field survey in other tourist destinations in Gunung Sawal Region to see the trend of tourism in this region, data were collected. The data then descriptively analyzed to map the detail potentials, opportunities, and challenges, in order to propose strategies to start the development of a tourist village. The role of village government is important in allocating village funds for this project, such as creating a village owned enterprise (BUMDES), capacity development of tourism activist actors, starting a small-scale business i.e. café that is currently experiencing a positive trend in Gunung Sawal Region. Too massive development will pose a high risk, given that village funds are also needed for purposes other than developing tourist destinations, especially during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The essence of the initial development of this tourist spot is to introduce new tourist sites to the wider community and introduce rural communities to the management of a tourist destination, while waiting for the process of developing new entrepreneurial capacities. If the community response is good, business expansion that emphasizes more on the core business of agro tourism can be started little by little.