bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Tetracycline in Capsule Dosage Form
Authors: Hussein Ali N. , Yin Ahmed M. J. Jehan , Hasan Murtada M.
Published: January 2021

Background: Tetracycline antibiotic is widely prescribed that encourages the finding of rapid and reliable protocol for the determination of tetracycline hydrochloride in hard gelatine capsules. Recently, the standard addition method is used commonly with the aid of a UV-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometer for such purpose. In this work, the authors aim to quantify the percent assay of Apcycline-250 capsules utilizing the standard addition protocol.
Methods: Twenty filled and emptied capsules were weighed and an equivalent amount of 50 mg of tetracycline hydrochloride was diluted, filtered, and an appropriate standard was spiked and prepared for assay.
Results: The λmax was found to be 348 nm and the absorbance vs. concentration standard addition curve was plotted for tetracycline hydrochloride capsules. This curve shows good linearity (R2 = 0.9994). The limit of detection (LoD) and limit of quantification (LoQ) were observed as 0.007937 and 0.02646, respectively. While the percent assay was 103.2%.
Conclusion: The authors conclude that the standard addition technique is a reliable method to conduct rapid, economical, and validated day-by-day analyses work of tetracycline hydrochloride hard gelatine capsules.
Formulation and In vitro Evaluation of Piroxicam Conventional and Hollow Suppositories
Authors: Al-Akkam Entidhar J. , Alwan Laila Abdulhussein
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a higher and rapid release of piroxicam from suppositories of different types (conventional and hallow) using different bases.
Methods: Thirteen formulas (F1–F13) were prepared (five were conventional and the rest were hollow-type suppositories (HTS)] by using different bases, such as, witepsol H35, polyethylene glycols (PEGs) with a different ratio, and glycerinated gelatin. The prepared suppositories were evaluated for physical properties, such as, hardness, melting time, softening time, and dissolution profile.
Results: All of the prepared suppositories had acceptable physical properties. The maximum percent release of piroxicam was 98, 97, 95, and 91% within 50 minutes were obtained from hollow-type suppositories containing piroxicam in a solution form and utilizing witepsol H35 base (F10), glycerinated gelatin base (F13), PEGs 400:4000 (70:30) (F12), and PEGs 200:6000 (70:30) (F11), respectively. Also, they exhibited rapid release of piroxicam however, F10 and F12 released 65 and 50% of piroxicam within 5 minutes, while, F11 released 57% within 10 minutes.
Conclusion: Hollow type suppositories containing piroxicam in a solution form can be considered as the most suitable formulas (F10–F13). So, a hollow-type suppository is useful as a promising approach for enhancing the release of piroxicam to be administered rectally. Also, the study revealed that in addition to the type of suppositories, the type of the base, the grade, and the ratio of PEGs bases are other important factors affecting the physical properties of suppositories and the dissolution profile of piroxicam.
Micro Evaluation of Sulphonamide in Biological Samples by Coupling Reaction
Authors: Mohammed Aliaa A. Razzak , Al-Ogaidi Ahmed J. Muklive , Mohammed Abeer Abdul Razak
Published: January 2021

Sulphonamide is considered a turning point for therapeutic science. Structural changes in sulphonamide can lead to the formation of various drugs used for combating different diseases. Sulphonamide can be used in different applications, such as, antitumor agents, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, anti-bacterials, hypoglycaemic agents, protease inhibitors, and diuretics.
The most important thing for this assay is to find a modified approach to assess sulphonamide by utilizing an organic reaction that depends on a process of coupling between our target material (sulphonamide) with 4-amino antipyrine in basic media of phosphate buffer (pH = 11.3), forming a colored complex containing a higher molar absorptivity (wavelength = 457 nanometers). A preliminary investigation test was done to determine the typical condition for this reaction to determine the concentration curve for the interval 8.25 × 10-9 to 1.15 × 10-2 ppm, and the absorptivity molar was 2.1 × 104 L.mol-1.cm-1, RSD value greater than 1.12%, with a percentage of recovery of approximately 99.88%. We obtained the result and got the approved mole ratio for this reaction about 1:1 (sulphonamide:diazotized amino compound); the value of the stability factor reached 2.8 × 106 L.mol-1. This proposal could be used for a fair assessment for sulphonamide determination, which has different advantages, such as, low-cost economy, no need for an expert, simplicity, no need for more time, and high-quality results in the requirement of rapid and excellent determination. This approach can be utilized for validation of sulphonamide in different active biological samples with higher efficiency.
A Study of Retention Behavior and Method Development of Salbutamol Sulfate in Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography
Authors: Rasheed Ashraf Saad , Ali Ali Saad
Published: January 2021

For chromatographical separation and estimation of salbutamol sulfate, zwitterionic stationary phases with large capacity were obtained by zwitter-molecules attached to a polystyrene-divinylbenzene (PS/DVB) particle. Salbutamol sulfate retention activity was studied with eluent at various pH mobile phase, mobile phase concentrations, and acetonitrile (ACN) percentage. The methods of separation are based on separating the salbutamol sulfate into hydrophobic and cations interactions. Linearity of 0.01 to 0.9 μg.mL-1 for two columns was developed with direct calibration curves, %RSD percent (0.48 ± 0.12 and 0.49 ± 0.22), LoD (0.058 and 0.04 μg.mL-1), and LoQ (0.203 and 0.14 μg.mL-1) were created, respectively.
Synthesis and Characterization of some new Formazan Derivatives from 2-Amino-4-Hydroxy-6-Methyl Pyrimidine and Study the Biological Activity (Anti-Bacteria and Anti-Cancer)
Authors: Adnan Shaimaa , Shakir Abdullah
Published: January 2021

This study involves a synthesis of some formazan derivatives starting from react chloro acetyl chlorid with 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methyl pyrimidine to gate compound (a), (a) react with hydrazine hydrate to give compound (b) also (b) react with 3-4-dimethoxy benzaldehyd to product Schiff base derivative (c) then (c) react with deferent amin derivatives to get formazan derivatives. All these compounds characterized by 13C-NMR, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1HMNR. After that, we study the biological activity for all formazan derivatives toward two different kinds of bacteria and anti-cancer.
Prevalence of some Gram-Negative Bacteria and Adenovirus
in Breast Cancer Patients in Kirkuk City
Authors: Ali Asmaa A. , Alabden Salah S Z , Zaman Najat A.
Published: January 2021

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent types of malignant tumors in the world. Bacteria have been linked with cancer through two mechanisms, the first, stimulating chronic inflammation, and the second, production of carcinogenic bacterial metabolites. The most common types of adenovirus in cancer patients are serotypes 7 and 11 of type B, and serotypes 1, 2, and 5 are of type C.
Methods: In this study, 98 blood and 50 urine, samples were collected from women with breast cancer at the Center for Oncology and Hematology in Kirkuk city in addition to 30 blood and 20 urine samples collected from healthy persons as control. Pathogenic gram-negative bacteria were isolated, identified in addition to checking their susceptibility to antibiotics. Antibodies (IgM, IgG) of adenovirus type-7 were involved in this study by the ELISA technique.
Results: In this study, 22 gram-negative bacterial species were isolated from patients with breast cancer, including (31.81% Klebsiella pneumoniae, 45.45% E. coli, 18.18% Proteus mirabilis and 4.54% Acinetobacter baumannii). Gram-negative bacteria showed high resistance to antibiotics (approximately absolute resistance) amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, ceftazidime, amoxicillin, cephalothin, vancomycin. Adenovirus type-7 antibodies were detected by using the ELISA technique (3.84% IgM and 91.02% IgG). Viral and bacterial co-infection were also included in this study caused by the involvement of Escherichia coli + ADV-7, P. mirabilis + ADV-7, and K. pneumoniae + ADV-7.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis of Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) Seed Extract
Authors: Abdullah Basheer Mohammed , Mehdi Mansour Abdulnabi Hadi , Khan Abdul Raoof , Pathan Jiyaullakhan Maulakhan
Published: January 2021

The objectives of this research were to determine the chemical composition of the extract of Trachyspermum ammi L. seeds by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS).
The GC-MS is a matchless method for the study and measuring quantity of organic volatile and semi-volatile compounds. Gas chromatography is employed to separates mixtures into individual components employing a temperature-controlled capillary column. Mass spectrometry is utilized to recognize a variety of components from their mass spectra. In the present study, volatile/ semi-volatile compounds present in Ajwain seed extract were analyzed. Ajwain seed extract is extracted by soxhlet extraction method and then analyzed by GC-MS. Total of nine compounds were found and quantified in this study.
The major bioactive compounds in Ajwain seed extract are 3,5-dimethylanisole (83.19%), 6-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z)-, 7-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (7.42%), and 2-cyclohexyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 4-oxime (3.01%).
Modification of Choline Derivatives and the Study of their Pharmacological Activity
Authors: Al-shareeda Zinah A. , Abramovich R. A. , Potanina O. G. , Alhejoj Hassan M.
Published: January 2021

Organicmoleculeshavebiologicalactivityforavarietyofstructuralfeatures,someactivitiesareassociatedwiththestructural basis of a known molecule, and others are associated with the type and orientation of additive modifications. However, acetylcholine (ACh) is the main neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system, the part of the autonomic nervous system that contracts smooth muscles, dilates blood vessels, increases body secretion, and slows the heartrate.
Inthecentralnervoussystem,AChhasseveralrulesanditplaysanimportantroleinmemoryandlearning,aswellas,inthe abnormal deficiency of ACh in the brain in people with Alzheimer’s disease. In the past, it has been attempted to use ACh chlorideascholinergicstimulants,but,unfortunately,ithasbeenfoundthatitdoesnothavealastingeffectbecauseofitstoo short action duration due to its rapid hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymes and the lack ofspecificity.
A Simple Reverse Phase Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Validated Method for Concurrent Estimation of Daunorubicin and Cytarabine in Drug Substances and Drug Product
Authors: Gandi Suresh , Ayyar Manikandan , Sirugubattula Venkat Rao , Cheepi Murali Krishna
Published: January 2021

A fast, precise, accurate, and steadiness indicating isocratic liquid chromatographic technique was created for the synchronous assurance of the daunorubicin and cytarabine in bulk and formulation. To optimize a column CHS C18 100 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm, mobile phase, including buffer 0.1% orthophosphoric acid, acetonitrile pick in the proportion 70:30 v/v, was pumped through the column at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min at 240 nm, initiate to be an efficient method for elution of drug with good peak shapes, as well as, retention times. The retention time of daunorubicin and cytarabine were initiated to be 0.556 and 0.743 minutes. The % recovery was got at 100.07 and 99.88% for daunorubicin and cytarabine separately. The limit of detection (LoD) and limit of quantitation (LoQ) values got from the relapse formula of daunorubicin and cytarabine were 0.16, 0.5, and 0.64, 1.93, correspondingly. The relapse equation of daunorubicin is y = 2974.3x + 648.32, and y = 4896.5x + 4851.5 of cytarabine.
Development and Validation of simple UV Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Racecodotril both in Bulk and Marketed Dosage Formulations
Authors: Ukirde Rushikesh D. , Sawant Ramesh L. , Barkade Ganesh D.
Published: January 2021

Racecodotril (RCT), (N-[2-[(acetylthio) methyl]-1- oxo- 3- phenyl propyl] -glycine phenylmethyl ester) is an enkephalinase inhibitor. A rapid, specific, and economic UV spectrophotometric two methods have been developed using a solvent composed of methanol to determine the RCT content in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage formulations. Method A is the absorbance maxima method, in which λmax is 231 nm, linearity was observed in the concentration range 10 to 100 μg/mL for all the two methods, and exhibited good correlation coefficient for method A (r2 = 0.9991) and excellent mean recovery (98.22–102.77%). Method B is the area under curve (AUC), in which λmax 226 to 236 nm was selected for estimation of RCT and exhibited a good correlation coefficient for method B (r2 = 0.9953). The method was validated statistically and by recovery studies for linearity, precision, repeatability, and reproducibility. The obtained results reveal that the method can be employed for the routine analysis of RCT in bulks, as well as, in the commercial formulations.
Um Estudo do Uso da Base Engastada dos Postes de Concreto Como Aterramento para Redes Aéreas de Distribuição
Authors: Almaguer Hugo Armando Dominguez , Saquetti Deyvi , Coelho Vilson Luiz
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo do comportamento das bases engastadas dos postes de concreto quando utilizadas como estruturas de aterramento em redes aéreas de distribuição de energia elétrica. O poste tipo duplo T, que é um dos mais empregados nas redes urbanas e rurais foi avaliado, sendo os resultados comparados aos obtidos para aterramentos com hastes verticais, que é a topologia tradicionalmente utilizada pelas concessionárias de energia. Para esse fim, foram executadas medições experimentais e desenvolvidos modelos numéricos e analíticos para determinar a resistência e a impedância transitória de aterramento de ambas topologias, na condição de descarga atmosférica. Além disso, foi feito um estudo térmico mediante modelagem computacional, para verificar se a consequente elevação de temperatura no concreto do poste, devida ao aquecimento provocado pela corrente de surto seria capaz de danificar a estrutura. A análise dos resultados sinalizou que para determinadas condições especificas o uso dos postes comuns de concreto armado como estrutura autoaterrada representaria uma alternativa viável e econômica, a ser aplicada nos sistemas de distribuição de energia.
Análise Hierárquica de Processos (ahp) Aplicada à Seleção de Sistemas de Revestimento de Fachadas
Authors: Macioski Gustavo , Soto Nicolle Talyta Arriagada , Freitas Ludmila De Souza , Da Silva Roberto Caldeira , De Medeiros Marcelo Henrique Farias
Published: January 2021

O aumento na produção de novas tecnologias torna cada vez mais complexa a tomada de decisões na indústria da construção civil, seja para a especificação de materiais de construção ou para a adoção de métodos construtivos. Há, portanto, a necessidade de se estabelecer critérios objetivos que subsidiem a tomada de decisão quanto ao material mais apropriado a ser utilizado em uma construção. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma análise comparativa de diferentes sistemas de revestimento de fachadas: revestimento argamassado, cerâmico, granito, vidro e ACM (Aluminium Composites Materials). Para isso foi aplicada a metodologia de análise hierárquica com base em parâmetros como: tempo, economia, ambiental, conforto, durabilidade e estético; sob três diferentes cenários. Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram verificar a viabilidade da utilização de revestimentos de cerâmica e argamassa ainda que considerados requisitos de desempenho e sustentabilidade. Observou-se também como os parâmetros avaliados podem influenciar a decisão final da escolha do material. A eficiência desta metodologia permite sua aplicação na escolha de materiais em outros sistemas de construção, desde que os dados dos parâmetros avaliados estejam disponíveis.
Análise Numérica Utilizando o Método das Grelhas e Elementos Finitos
Authors: Fava Guilherme Coelho , Dos Santos Pereira Sávio Aparecido , Mendes Thiago Augusto , Pádua Soares Murilo Meiron
Published: January 2021

O avanço tecnológico acarretou o desenvolvimento de programas computacionais com altacapacidade representativa da realidade das estruturas de concreto armado. Cada software apresentaparticularidades decorrentes dos diferentes métodos matemáticos empregados em seus algoritmos,de modo que apresentam resultados distintos quanto as tensões, deformações e deslocamentos dasestruturas. Este artigo avaliou aspectos estruturais das lajes do pavimento tipo de uma habitaçãocoletiva composta por quinze pavimentos tipo, considerando duas análises numéricas distintas(método das grelhas e dos elementos finitos, MEF), utilizando os softwares SAP2000 V14® e EberickV8®, respectivamente. Foram avaliados os momentos positivos e negativos máximos, flechasmáximas, tempo de processamento e número de nós gerados para posteriormente, efetuar acomparação quantitativa e qualitativa entre os métodos, bem como os orçamentos provenientes decada dimensionamento. Com relação aos resultados obtidos, o ganho e o tempo computacional entreos métodos utilizados foram pouco expressivos, porém, o MEF proporcionou menores quantitativos,com significativa redução de aço para as lajes. Dessa forma, apesar da segurança estrutural ter sidoavaliada e alcançada para ambos os métodos utilizados, o artigo evidencia que o MEF é preferível aométodo das grelhas, considerando principalmente a redução de gastos proporcionada para o projetoutilizado no estudo de caso.
Análise via Elementos Finitos da Interface Aço-Concreto em Pisos Mistos de Pequena Altura
Authors: De Souza Flávio Teixeira , Soares Lorena Cristine , De Paula Geraldo Donizetti
Published: January 2021

O sistema de pisos mistos de pequena altura – Slim Floor – é uma viga mista onde a laje de concreto é apoiada sobre a mesa inferior do perfil metálico, envolvendo totalmente a viga. Além do ganho de resistência proporcionado pelo sistema misto, esta disposição aumenta a proteção do perfil metálico ao fogo e, principalmente, leva a uma redução considerável da altura da associação entre a laje e o perfil metálico. No entanto, as condições de interface entre os materiais devem ser analisadas, pois, nestes sistemas, em geral não se usam conectores de cisalhamento. Este trabalho faz a análise da representação da interface aço-concreto em sistemas Slim Floor em simulação em elementos finitos. Utilizando o software ANSYS, esta interface foi modelada de duas formas: com elementos de mola e com elementos de contato, considerando-se adequadamente as propriedades do aço e do concreto. Os resultados foram comparados com resultados experimentais disponíveis na literatura, indicando a viabilidade de ambas as estratégias para a simulação das estruturas mistas.
OBTAINING LOCAL VALUES OF THE YOUNG'S MODULUS ON THE POLYMER SURFACE BY CONTACT ATOMIC FORCE SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: Кузнецова Юлия Васильевна , Веролайнен Виолетта Андреевна , Капустина Светлана Сергеевна
Published: January 2021

С помощью метода контактной силовой спектроскопии на установке сканирующего зондового микроскопа Solver P47 получены локальные значения модуля Юнга на поверхности полимеров.

Local values of the young's modulus on the polymer surface are obtained using the contact force spectroscopy method on the Solver P47 scanning probe microscope.
Using the method of moments for the approximation of signals containing peak shaped structural elements
Authors: Минин Леонид Аркадьевич , Супонев Евгений Геннадьевич , Киселев Евгений Александрович
Published: January 2021

В данной работе производится обобщение метода моментов, предложенного в одной из недавних статей для моделирования зубцов электрокардиограммы комплексами из нескольких функций Гаусса. Цель заключалась в том, чтобы сделать метод применимым для функций более общего вида, сохранив простоту его программной реализации. Для этого был проведен ряд математических преобразований в общем виде и получены достаточно простые соотношения для вычисления параметров модельного сигнала. Это дает возможность применять для аппроксимации участков сигналов функции разнообразного вида, продиктованные их физической моделью. Единственным ограничением для используемых функций является существование необходимого количества моментов, а момент нулевого порядка должен быть отличен от нуля. В данной работе продемонстрировано несколько примеров реализации обобщенного метода моментов. Показано, что на практике в зависимости от вида используемой для моделирования функции возникает ряд вычислительных особенностей, касающихся точности метода и его устойчивости по отношению к шуму. Полученные результаты могут быть полезны для разработки новых эффективных моделей биомедицинских сигналов, атомных и ядерных спектров, а также иных типов сигналов, имеющих локальные особенности в форме пиков.

In this paper a generalization of the method of moments which was proposed in a recent article for modeling electrocardiogram waves with sets of several Gauss functions is performed. The purpose is to make the method applicable to functions of a more general form, while maintaining the simplicity of its program implementation. For this a series of mathematical transformations were carried out in a general form and sufficiently simple relations were obtained for calculating the parameters of the model signal. This makes it possible to use functions of various types for the approximation of signal regions, dictated by their physical model. The only restriction for the functions used is the existence of the required number of moments, and the moment of zero order must be different from zero. This paper demonstrates several examples of the implementation of the generalized method of moments. It is shown that in practice, depending on the type of function used for modeling, a number of computational features arise concerning the accuracy of the method and its stability with respect to noise. Obtained results can be useful for developing new effective models of biomedical signals, atomic and nuclear spectra, as well as other types of signals that have peak shaped local features.
A new sufficient condition for uniform integrability of exponential local martingales
Authors: Казанчян Драстамат Хачатурович , Круглов Виктор Макарович
Published: January 2021

В статье доказано новое достаточное условие для равномерной интегрируемости экспоненциальных локальных мартингалов. Условие сформулировано в терминах квадратической вариации локального мартингала. Оно обобщает ряд известных достаточных условий подобного рода.

In the article it is suggested a new sufficient condition for uniform integrability of continues exponential local martingales. It is shown that the condition is much weaker then a number of known sufficient conditions for uniform integrability of exponential local martingales.
Professores de Música nas Escolas do Espírito Santo: Vestígios de Histórias não Contadas
Authors: Adeodato Ademir
Published: January 2021

Refere-se a uma pesquisa em nível de doutorado, de caráter histórico, que investigou a oferta do ensino musical nas escolas públicas do Estado do Espírito Santo. O estudo tem como referencial metodológico o paradigma indiciário de Carlos Ginzburg (1989). O objetivo central do trabalho foi analisar o lugar ocupado pelo ensino da música nas instituições secundárias do ES, entre os anos de 1843 (criação do Lyceu Provincial da Victoria – primeira escola de ensino secundário do ES) e 1930 (governo de Borges de Aguiar, onde foram feitas várias intervenções para a oferta do ensino musical nas escolas capixabas).  Nesse texto, especificamente, refletiremos sobre a caracterização do sujeito professor de música imerso na história da instrução pública do ES. Explicitaremos esses atores em meio às lutas próprias de seu cotidiano escolar, notando, especialmente, o que entendemos como as suas ações para a constituição, afirmação e propagação do ensino musical escolarizado. Direcionamos nossa análise para a trajetória docente percorrida por um desses indivíduos, a saber: Balthasar Antonio dos Reis, professor de música que atuou no ensino secundário capixaba entre os anos de 1853 e 1880. Visando situar o leitor no contexto da nossa pesquisa, introdutoriamente, apresentaremos os aportes teóricos e os procedimentos metodológicos que a embasaram. Acreditamos na relevância desse trabalho, pois entendemos que a realização de estudos históricos que demonstrem os desafios, as conquistas e os caminhos trilhados pelo ensino musical em espaços escolares podem contribuir para o fortalecimento da oferta desse componente curricular na escola contemporânea brasileira.
Black Women’s Activism in Brazil: Black Genocide, Anti-Blackness and Racial Apartheid
Authors: Williamson Kenneth
Published: January 2021

Este artigo enfoca as mudanças na militância das mulheres negras, particularmente em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, de 1995-2015, comparando duas marchas nacionais. Organizações negras em todo o país se uniram para organizar uma marcha nacional em Brasília, capital do país, em Novembro de 1995. Vinte anos depois, em Novembro de 2015, as mulheres negras organizaram uma marcha nacional para abordar a interseção do racismo e do sexismo. Durante esses vinte anos, militantes negras trabalharam incansavelmente contra o genocídio negro, o anti-negritude e o apartheid racial no Brasil, e as mulheres negras estiveram na linha de frente dessas lutas. A interseccionalidade de raça, classe e gênero foi e permanece crítica para a militância das mulheres negras e a produção do conhecimento e da pesquisa. O artigo examina as mudanças na militância no movimento negro ao longo de vinte anos que marcaram o crescimento das organizações e redes de mulheres negras.
Mulheres em foco
Authors: Gonzaga do Monti Ednardo Monteiro , Lima da Silva Alexandra
Published: January 2021

Em isolamento social e com todas as atividades acadêmicas ocorrendo remotamente, lançamos este número da Revista Caminhos da Educação, ainda sob a égide da pandemia de Covid-19 (2020).
A Law School Course in Applied Legal Analytics and AI
Authors: Ashley Kevin , Savelka Jaromir , Grabmair Matthias
Published: January 2021

Technological advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are affecting the legal profession. Machine learning (ML) and natural language processing (NLP) enable new legal apps that, to some extent, can analyze contracts, answer legal questions, or predict the outcome of a case or issue. While it is hard to predict the extent to which these techniques will change law practice, two things are certain: legal professionals will need to understand the new text analysis techniques and how to use and evaluate them, and law faculties face the question of how to teach law students the required skills and knowledge to do so. At the University of Pittsburgh School of Law, the authors have co-designed a semester-long course entitled, Applied Legal Data Analytics and AI, and twice taught it to combined groups of law students and students from technical departments. The course provides a hands-on practical introduction to applying ML and NLP to extract information from legal text data, the ways text analytics have been applied to support the work of legal professionals, researchers, and administrators, and the techniques for evaluating how well they work.

The article introduces the new text analytic techniques and briefly surveys law schools’ current efforts to incorporate instruction on computer programming and machine learning in legal education. Then it describes the 2020 version of the course, including the students, instructors, and course sessions in overview. We explain how we taught law students skills of programming and experimental design and engaged them in assignments that involve using Python programming environments to analyze legal data.

The course culminated in joint projects engaging small teams of law and technical students in applying machine learning and data analytics to legal problems. The article explains how the instructors prepare the students for the final course projects, beginning early in the term with project ideas and databases of text, forming teams, working on the projects as a team and obtaining interim feedback, and finally completing the projects and reporting results. We draw some salient comparisons between the 2019 and 2020 versions of the course and report what worked well and what did not, the students’ reactions, and lessons learned for future offerings of the course.
Implementando diretrizes de gênero na escola: entre a obediência legal e cultural
Authors: Exner Marina Katurchi , Corrêa Marcela Garcia , Lotta Gabriela , Farah Marta Ferreira Santos
Published: January 2021

O debate acerca das perspectivas de gênero na educação vem se fortalecendo em produções acadêmicas e em normativas internacionais. A partir dos conceitos de burocracia de nível de rua e de gênero, exploramos os obstáculos postos a professoras em implementar as orientações de documentos normativos brasileiros que defendem a incorporação da perspectiva de gênero na educação. Realizamos uma análise documental de diretrizes que norteiam a política educacional brasileira e que incluem a dimensão de gênero. Em seguida, desenvolvemos uma revisão integrativa de literatura, de modo a revisitar o conhecimento já construído em 26 pesquisas empíricas nacionais - dos campos teóricos de Gênero, Psicologia e Educação -, sobre relações de gênero e reproduções de estereótipos na escola, ilustrando, assim, como as temáticas tratadas neste estudo são abordadas empiricamente. Concluímos que as diretrizes analisadas são ambíguas – frutos de disputas políticas –, e pouco acessíveis para as professoras, que, imersas em um contexto histórica e socialmente definido por desigualdades de gênero, tendem a reproduzir padrões e comportamentos conflitantes com aqueles estabelecidos nos documentos.
O professor e o “aluno-problema” – um fenômeno social
Authors: De Souza Aline Cedro , Novaes Adelina De Oliveira
Published: January 2021

A noção aluno-problema decorre de fenômeno social ancorado em experimentos médico-pedagógicos e planos de aceleração da formação educacional, mantendo estreita relação com a produção do fracasso escolar. Neste texto, buscou-se explorar o universo semântico produzido por 71 professores de Ensino Fundamental I da cidade de Arujá, no estado de São Paulo, com o intuito de debater elementos associados à constituição de representações sociais. Por meio da técnica de associação livre de palavras, os participantes do estudo puderam apresentar as quatro primeiras palavras elucidadas em suas mentes quando expostos ao termo indutor aluno-problema. As informações foram organizadas e processadas com o apoio da estatística computacional Iramuteq. Os elementos aqui reunidos e debatidos anunciam a constituição, pelos docentes, de uma representação social sobre aluno-problema centrada na família, o que sugere que o fato de a criança-aluno apresentar algum desarranjo comportamental no ambiente escolar significa um movimento de radicalização do estranho (álter) pelo seu professor, quem, prontamente, associa tal fenômeno à falta de estrutura familiar.
STRUCTURE ANALYSIS AND MANUFACTURING OF WINGS TRAINER-5774
Authors: Triani Suciari Dewi , Cahyono Moh Ardi , Pinandhita Lazuardy Rahendra
Published: January 2021

Unmanned Aerial Vechicle (UAV) is one of the types an aircraft. Trainer is part of an airplane where the aircraft is controlled by a remote control for its flight. One of the things that must be considred in design an airplane is strength and and resistance of the wing structure in accepting distributed aircraft loads. In addition to the structural design and load, the material to be used can have an effect. The process is starting from modification of the aircraft wing using CATIA V5R20 which is then carried out analysis of the wing structure by being given the aircraft load using ANSYS 19. The largest structural value is in the Joiner section of 7,967 with manuvering load and smallest value is 0,026 on the Spar section. Margin of safety smallest value in the spar when its manuver. After analysis it is continued with the manufacturing process according to the design that has been made.
STUDY OF RUNWAY DEVELOPMENT AT SUPADIO PONTIANAK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT ON THE OPERATION OF A330-300 AIRCRAFT
Authors: Wartino Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Modes of air transportation are also an option for making Hajj and Umrah trips in Indonesia. At this time the Supadio International Airport is extending the runway which was originally 2250 meters to 2600 meters. So, it is expected to be able to operate A330-300 aircraft for Hajj and Umrah flights. The method used in this research uses the calculation of ARFL (Aerodrome Reference Field Length), ACN-PCN (Aircraft Classification Number-Pavement Classification Number), runway width analysis and runway strips analysis From the results of research and analysis conducted with the runway extension of 2600m × 45m with runway shoulders 2m and PCN number 51/F/D/X/T A330-300 aircraft cannot operate at Supadio International Airport. So, that the runway development needs to be developed to 3097m × 45m with runway shoulders 7,5m and PCN number of 89/F/D/X/T. So, that A330- 300 aircraft can operate for Hajj flights in Pontianak
EMERGING TRENDS IN HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM
Authors: Rao R.Srinivasa
Published: January 2021

The hospitality and tourism industry has changed more than a little since the first motel, in San Luis Obispo, California, was opened in 1925. (Its rooms went for $2.50 a night.) Today, there are more than four million guest rooms in the country, and tourists and businesspeople spend about $550 billion each year on travel in the United States As a vast and growing industry, hospitality and tourism provides more opportunities for ambitious educated and uneducated persons who enjoy working with people.  The hospitality and tourism industry working in a more competitive environment.  It is essential that those seeking careers as successful professionals develop a strong business foundation and customer service skills. There are few main  themes are to be required to promote the hospitality and tourism industry such as   international tourism planning; the development and operation of hotels; Europe and the Single Market; planning issues and techniques; service improvement; finance and performance; and the psychology of management. The purpose of this study is to identify, analyze, and noted the future trends that has been done tat now related to hospitality and tourism sector. This kind of study will be helpful to identify both the advancement and some gaps in this field, thus help to establish a more efficient, effective, and accountable tourism research to support practical work.
COVID-19, perspectiva e implicaciones para la práctica del dermatólogo
Authors: Velásquez Margarita María
Published: January 2021

El ejercicio médico del año 2020 será recordado por la pandemia causada por el SARS-CoV-2 y la enfermedad debida a este agente infeccioso, la COVID-19, zoonosis descrita por primera vez a finales de 2019 en Wuhan, China.
Biopsia de mucosa nasal: descripción de técnicas y comparación de los resultados con gubia versus otros instrumentos en un hospital de referencia
Authors: Crizón-Díaz Diana Patricia , Franco Victoria Eugenia , Colmenares Claudia Carolina
Published: January 2021

Objetivos: para la biopsia de mucosa nasal se usan diversos instrumentos, que pueden variar el resultado histológico. El propósito del estudio es describir y determinar la frecuencia de resultados histológicos satisfactorios de la biopsia tomada con gubia versus otros instrumentales en pacientes con lesiones de mucosa nasal. Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal, que incluyó registros clínicos de pacientes en quienes se realizó biopsia de mucosa nasal entre 2005 y 2016 en un hospital dermatológico en Bogotá, Colombia. Se excluyeron biopsias extrainstitucionales. Se analizaron características demográficas, clínicas y paraclínicas. El resultado satisfactorio se definió como la obtención de muestra suficiente sin presencia de artificios que impidiera al patólogo confirmar el diagnóstico. Adicionalmente, se reportó diámetro y profundidad de las muestras. Resultados: se incluyeron 98 registros. En el 70,4% de los casos se tomó biopsia con gubia. El diámetro de la muestra con gubia fue ligeramente mayor (3., mm vs. 2,8 mm [p=0,16]). La frecuencia de resultado satisfactorio fue similar en quienes se utilizó gubia (94,2%) u otro instrumental (93,1%). No obstante, las biopsias con resultado satisfactorio fueron de mayor diámetro y profundidad. Discusión y conclusiones: no se observaron diferencias en la frecuencia de resultados satisfactorios de acuerdo con el tipo de instrumental; probablemente la calidad de la muestra es dependiente del operador. Para aumentar la probabilidad de un resultado satisfactorio se sugiere tener una muestra con diámetro mayor de 3 mm y mínimo 2 mm de profundidad.
Pleomorphic adenoma of the breast
Authors: Sonagli Marina , Flora Georgia Terra Lustre di , Domingos Tábata Alves , Cardona Vinicius Felipe , Carvalho Solange Maria Torchia de , Osório Cynthia Aparecida Bueno de Toledo , Makdissi Fabiana Baroni Alves
Published: January 2021

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is a common tumor of the salivary gland, but rarely occurs in the breast. PA of the breast is a benign tumor that usually presents as a periareolar nodule. Core-needle biopsies may yield misdiagnosis with complex fibroadenoma, phyllodes tumor and metaplastic breast cancer due to the mixture of stromal and epithelial elements. We present a case of PA of the breast suspected after core-needle biopsy, but confirmed after surgical excision. The importance to make a correct diagnosis consists in avoid extensive unnecessary surgery, such as mastectomy, since PA can be treated with local surgical resection.
Analisis Pengaruh Pelayanan Perusahaan terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan (Studi Pada Bengkel Resmi Yamaha Adhi Motor di Rembiga Mataram)
Authors: Hartanto Miftah Ruli , Darwini Sri , Furkan Lalu M.
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine how the level of customer satisfaction, as well as to determine whether the level of customer satisfaction has a significant effect on customer loyalty at the Yamaha Adhi Motor Official Workshop in Rembiga Mataram. This type of research is descriptive research and data collection techniques used are questionnaires, interviews, observation, and documentation. This research was conducted at the Yamaha Adhi Motor Workshop in Rembiga Mataram, the data collection technique used a sample survey technique and the determination of respondents using purposive sampling technique where as many as 50 people were made respondents. The data collection tool used in this study was a questionnaire, in which the variables were analyzed qualitatively using a Likert scale and quantitatively using chi square analysis. Based on the research that has been done, it shows that consumers at the Yamaha Adhi Motor Workshop in Rembiga Mataram are 35 people (70%) who are very satisfied with the elements of service provided, 10 respondents (20%) are satisfied, and the remaining 5 people (10 %) expressed dissatisfaction. The results of the calculation with the average score of the level of consumer loyalty, as many as 21 people (42%) have a level of loyalty at the Yamaha Adhi Motor Official Workshop are very loyal, 11 people (22%) say they are loyal, while the remaining 18 people (36%) stated loyal enough. Quantitatively, to test the proposed hypothesis and analyze the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable, the calculation results obtained by the X2 value is 18.25 and this value is greater than the X2 table value of 9.49 at α = 0.05 and df = 4, which proves that customer satisfaction has significant influence on the level of consumer loyalty, because X2h> X2t. Furthermore, it is also known that the level of closeness of the relationship between variables is strong, as evidenced by the contingency coefficient (C) of 0.52, which is close to the Cmaximal value of 0.71, which in fact fulfills the requirement that the C value is greater than half the C max value.
Effect of Balance on Development Level the Locomotor Capabilities of PAUD Students Padang Pariaman Regency
Authors: Bakhtiar Syahrial , Khairuddin Khairuddin , Oktarifaldi Oktarifaldi , Syahputra Risky , Putri Lucy Pratama , Asnaldi Arie
Published: January 2021

Based on observations made, the problem in this study is the still low level of development of children's basic motion, especially locomotor abilities. Many factors are thought to be the cause of the low locomotor motion development, one of the dominant causes is the balance of the child. This study aims to look at the effect of balance on the level of development of children's locomotor abilities. The population in this study were all PAUD students in Padang Pariaman District, the random sampling technique was 42 children. The instrument used to obtain data on the balance of PAUD students is MABC 2 sub-test, which is balance, while the locomotor ability of children is obtained through the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2). Based on the results of research conducted there is an influence of balance on the level of development of the locomotor ability of a child with a rcount value of 0.441> rtable of 0.304 and a significant value (Sig) of 0.003 smaller than the probability of 0.05. The results of this study indicate that the level of locomotor ability development in Padang Pariaman PAUD students is influenced by the balance they have
INFLUENCE OF AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS FLY ASH CEMENT SUBSTITUTION ON THE CARBONATION OF CEMENT AND POLYMER-CEMENT COMPOSITES
Authors: STAŃCZYK DOMINIKA , JAWORSKA BEATA
Published: January 2021

Practical use of a new type of combustion waste such as an agricultural biomass fly ash in the building materials requires an assessment of its performance. The paper presents the investigation results on the influence of cement substitution (5% and 30%) by this ash on the cement and polymer-cement composites resistance to carbonation. The composites resistance was assessed on the basis of carbonation process over time (up to 360 days) using the phenolphthalein method. It was found that fly ash from agricultural biomass increases the susceptibility to carbonation of polymer-cement composites to a lesser extent than cement composites compared to composites containing siliceous coal fly ash.
Geleias produzidas por agroindústria familiar: estratégias de diversificação para melhoria do processo
Authors: Flozimo Grace Kelly Mizuno , Ferreira Thales Henrique Barreto , Ferreira Otavio Maticoli , Albuquerque Neto Hélio Cavalcanti , Argondoña Eliana Janet Sanjinez
Published: January 2021

A produção de doces e geleias com produtos nativos da região elaborados pela agroindústria familiar valoriza os frutos regionais estimulando seu consumo. Ademais, é uma boa alternativa para aumentar as vendas principalmente por consumidores europeus e por aqueles que procuram produtos com menor valor energético. Nesse contexto, o objetivo da presente ação consistiu em contribuir com o fornecimento de geleias com reduzido valor energético, permitindo incrementar as contribuições da agricultura familiar no cenário socioeconômico de sua atuação. Para isto, a geleia de Dona Izaltina (GdI) foi analisada quanto a atividade de água, umidade, sólidos solúveis, acidez e pH. Para propor uma geleia menos doce, foi elaborado o produto com polpa de guavira, sacarose, glicose e pectina cítrica. Simultaneamente, realizou-se uma avaliação sensorial com julgadores treinados, com o intuito de fornecer subsídios para melhoria sensorial da geleia. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a geleia da agroindústria (GdI), apresentou maior conteúdo de água, cor mais escura e textura mais fluida que a geleia produzida em laboratório (GrVE). Na avaliação sensorial, a geleia GrVE, teve maior aceitação em todos os parâmetros avaliados em relação à GdI. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a formulação do produto com menor conteúdo de açúcares e gosto menos doce foi aceito, a substituição parcial da sacarose pela glicose não alterou a qualidade da geleia. Portanto, além de atender ao consumidor europeu, é possível ampliar o mercado para consumidores que apreciam sabores e aromas peculiares de frutos nativos e que procuram alimentos menos calóricos, porém não abrem mão do consumo de alimentos tradicionais.
Importância do Programa de Integração da Universidade ao Campo – PROIN para os graduandos em Zootecnia da Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros
Authors: Barbosa Maria Paula , Durães Hellén Felicidade , Rocha Júnior Vicente Ribeiro , Silva Janaina Tayna , Monção Flávio Pinto , Leite Gabriela Duarte Oliveira , Gonçalves Thamiris Wolff
Published: January 2021

A extensão universitária é um processo educativo, cultural e científico, que articula o ensino e a pesquisa de forma indissociável, possibilitando uma relação transformadora na aquisição de habilidades importantes na futura prática profissional. Nesse contexto objetivou-se com este trabalho realizar uma análise sobre as atividades do Programa De Integração Da Universidade Ao Campo – PROIN, da Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Campus de Janaúba, situada no Norte de Minas Gerais, quanto às visitas feitas pelos alunos de Zootecnia de forma estratégica visando integrar o universitário à realidade rural, permitindo o aprimoramento técnico acerca das atividades práticas da graduação. O desenvolvimento das atividades e visitas do PROIN foram realizadas em diversos municípios de Minas Gerais no período de 2005 a 2019, com a participação de acadêmicos do 6°, 7°, 8° e 9° períodos de Zootecnia que visitaram fazendas leiteiras, haras, granjas, fábricas de ração, além de outros empreendimentos que estão relacionados diretamente à atuação profissional do zootecnista. As visitas tinham como proposito a interação dos estudante com a realidade do campo, de modo que os mesmos tinham a oportunidade da troca de saberes e conhecimento acerca das atividades rurais. Conclui-se que as atividades do Programa De Integração Da Universidade Ao Campo é de grande importância para formação dos alunos à futura vida profissional, permitindo-os de forma interativa a vivência das práticas de campo. Já para os produtores as visitas são importante devido a troca de saberes.
Characteristics of complaints and functional outcomes of conservatively treated clavicle fractures in Dr. Soetomo general hospital: A case series
Authors: Wirashada Brilliant Citra , Roychan Maghrizal , Wardhana Teddy Heri
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT  Shoulder pain is a major complaint of patients with clavicle fractures as a result of trauma. At present most clavicle fracture treatments are performed surgery, although conservative therapy can produce the same results. This report aimed to show whether there were complaints of shoulder pain or disability in patients who have suffered clavicle fractures treated conservatively. There were fifteen patients with clavicle fractures at Dr. Soetomo Surabaya from January to July 2015, consisting of 14 male and one female patient. Data was taken from medical records, patient clinical records, home visits, physical examinations, SPADI questionnaires, and Quick DASH for patients. The results of SPADI questionnaire were varied; there were eight patients (53%) with an output of 0%, one patient (7%) each with a score of 0.63%, 1.25%, 5.90%, 7.13%, 8.50%, 9.90%, and a score of 10.50%. The results of calculating the Quick DASH questionnaire score also varied. There were ten patients (67%) with a score of 0, three patients (20%) with a score of 2.27, one patient (7%) with a score of 13.6, and one patient (6%) with a score of 6.81. In conclusion: (1) From the evaluation of 15 patients, there were no complaints of pain and disability in the shoulder joint. (2) From the evaluation of the results of the calculation of the SPADI questionnaire and Quick DASH, there were no significant complaints of shoulder joint pain and disability. (3) The conservative treatment of closed fractures on the clavicle can still be a reliable choice of treatment. Keywords                 : Clavicle fractures, shoulder pain, conservative clavicle.Correspondence to: brijurnalqanun@gmail.com