bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical Nasal Anatomy Applied to Open Preservation Rhinoplasty
Authors: Goksel Abdulkadir , Saban Yves , Tran Khanh Ngoc
Published: January 2021

Preservation rhinoplasty is a new way to reshape the nose by preserving the dorsum, nasal ligaments, soft tissue envelope, and muscles. This new concept provides the opportunity to achieve a more natural aesthetic and functional result. To achieve a good aesthetic and functional outcome while maintaining surgical safety, knowledge of the relevant anatomy is key. This is especially true for the preservation rhinoplasty technique, where a firm grasp of the anatomy of the nasal soft tissue and bony–cartilaginous framework is critical. The preservation technique is made more accessible by the open approach, which provides an opportunity for the deformity to be clearly visualized from the tip of the nose and the dorsum. Furthermore, tip plasty is easier to perform under direct vision, which is an advantage of the open approach. The goal of this article is therefore to make clear all the important anatomical structures and their relevance to the surgical steps taken when performing the open preservation rhinoplasty technique.
Optimizing Inpatient Blood Utilization Using Real-Time Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Ikoma Shohei , Furukawa Meg , Busuttil Ashley , Ward Dawn , Baldwin Kevin , Mayne Jeffrey , Clarke Robin , Ziman Alyssa
Published: January 2021

Background Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a common medical procedure. While it offers clinical benefits for many, hemodynamically stable patients are often subjected to unwarranted transfusions, with the potential to lead to adverse consequences. We created a real-time clinical decision support (CDS) tool in the electronic health record system to address this problem and optimize transfusion practice as part of an institutional multidisciplinary, team-based patient blood management program.

Methods The real-time CDS tool incorporated the transfusion guidelines published by the AABB. The tool was deployed as a dynamic order set within the computerized provider order entry interface. Prior to implementation, extensive education and outreach to increase provider engagement were provided. The CDS tool was launched in September 2015.

Results The percentage of guideline-indicated RBC transfusions increased from a baseline of 43.6 to 54.2% while the percentage of multiunit (≥ 2 units) RBC transfusions decreased from 31.3 to 22.7% between September 2014 and July 2019. The estimated minimum cost saving over the entire study period was $36,519.36.

Conclusion Our intervention increased guideline-indicated transfusions by 10.6% and reduced multiunit transfusions by 8.6%. The adoption of a dynamic order set for the CDS tool, as opposed to an interruptive alert that displays static alert messages, allowed for more customized and tighter control of RBC orders, leading to a sustained improvement in our transfusion practice.
Antithrombotic Therapy in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Current Evidence and Ongoing Issues Regarding Early and Late Management
Authors: Guedeney Paul , Collet Jean-Philippe
Published: January 2021

A few decades ago, the understanding of the pathophysiological processes involved in the coronary artery thrombus formation has placed anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents at the core of the management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Increasingly potent antithrombotic agents have since been evaluated, in various association, timing, or dosage, in numerous randomized controlled trials to interrupt the initial thrombus formation, prevent ischemic complications, and ultimately improve survival. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention, initial parenteral anticoagulation, and dual antiplatelet therapy with potent P2Y12 inhibitors have become the hallmark of ACS management revolutionizing its prognosis. Despite these many improvements, much more remains to be done to optimize the onset of action of the various antithrombotic therapies, for further treating and preventing thrombotic events without exposing the patients to an unbearable hemorrhagic risk. The availability of various potent P2Y12 inhibitors has opened the door for individualized therapeutic strategies based on the clinical setting as well as the ischemic and bleeding risk of the patients, while the added value of aspirin has been recently challenged. The strategy of dual-pathway inhibition with P2Y12 inhibitors and low-dose non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant has brought promising results for the early and late management of patients presenting with ACS with and without indication for oral anticoagulation. In this updated review, we aimed at describing the evidence supporting the current gold standard of antithrombotic management of ACS. More importantly, we provide an overview of some of the ongoing issues and promising therapeutic strategies of this ever-evolving topic.
Pregnancy-Associated Venous Thromboembolism: Insights from GARFIELD-VTE
Authors: Jerjes-Sánchez Carlos , Rodriguez David , Farjat Alfredo E. , Kayani Gloria , MacCallum Peter , Lopes Renato D. , Turpie Alexander G.G. , Weitz Jeffrey I. , Haas Sylvia , Ageno Walter , Goto Shinya , Goldhaber Samuel Z. , Angchaisuksiri Pantep , Nielsen Joern Dalsgaard , Schellong Sebastian , Bounameaux Henri , Mantovani Lorenzo G. , Prandoni Paolo , Kakkar Ajay K. ,   on behalf of the GARFIELD-VTE investigators
Published: January 2021

Introduction The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) increases during pregnancy and the puerperium such that VTE is a leading cause of maternal mortality.

Methods We describe the clinical characteristics, diagnostic strategies, treatment patterns, and outcomes of women with pregnancy-associated VTE (PA-VTE) enrolled in the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD (GARFIELD)-VTE. Women of childbearing age (<45 years) were stratified into those with PA-VTE (n = 183), which included pregnant patients and those within the puerperium, and those with nonpregnancy associated VTE (NPA-VTE; n = 1,187). Patients with PA-VTE were not stratified based upon the stage of pregnancy or puerperium.

Results Women with PA-VTE were younger (30.5 vs. 34.8 years), less likely to have pulmonary embolism (PE) (19.7 vs. 32.3%) and more likely to have left-sided deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (73.9 vs. 54.8%) compared with those with NPA-VTE. The most common risk factors in PA-VTE patients were hospitalization (10.4%), previous surgery (10.4%), and family history of VTE (9.3%). DVT was typically diagnosed by compression ultrasonography (98.7%) and PE by chest computed tomography (75.0%). PA-VTE patients more often received parenteral (43.2 vs. 15.1%) or vitamin K antagonists (VKA) (9.3 vs. 7.6%) therapy alone. NPA-VTE patients more often received a DOAC alone (30.2 vs. 13.7%). The risk (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]) of all-cause mortality (0.59 [0.18–1.98]), recurrent VTE (0.82 [0.34–1.94]), and major bleeding (1.13 [0.33–3.90]) were comparable between PA-VTE and NPA-VTE patients. Uterine bleeding was the most common complication in both groups.

Conclusion VKAs or DOACs are widely used for treatment of PA-VTE despite limited evidence for their use in this population. Rates of clinical outcomes were comparable between groups.
RF discharge diagnostics: Some problems and their resolution
Authors: Godyak Valery
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we discuss a number of problems found in the literature related to experimental measurements of rf discharge electrical and plasma parameters with different electromagnetic probes. Incorrect evaluations of discharge power and the inaccurate measurement of basic plasma parameters with electrical (Langmuir), magnetic (B-dot), and microwave probes are among the troubling issues found in many recent publications on rf plasma. The purpose of this review is to show the origination of errors and ways to their mitigation based on the three-decade development of contemporary rf discharge diagnostics.
Semi-conditional variational auto-encoder for flow reconstruction and uncertainty quantification from limited observations
Authors: Gundersen Kristian , Oleynik Anna , Blaser Nello , Alendal Guttorm
Published: January 2021

We present a new data-driven model to reconstruct nonlinear flow from spatially sparse observations. The proposed model is a version of a Conditional Variational Auto-Encoder (CVAE), which allows for probabilistic reconstruction and thus uncertainty quantification of the prediction. We show that in our model, conditioning on measurements from the complete flow data leads to a CVAE where only the decoder depends on the measurements. For this reason, we call the model semi-conditional variational autoencoder. The method, reconstructions, and associated uncertainty estimates are illustrated on the velocity data from simulations of 2D flow around a cylinder and bottom currents from a simulation of the southern North Sea by the Bergen Ocean Model. The reconstruction errors are compared to those of the Gappy proper orthogonal decomposition method.
Giant enhancement of plasmonic response and epsilon-near-zero signature in refractory transition metals (Ta, W, and Mo) deposited at high-temperature
Authors: Maurya Krishna Chand , Biswas Bidesh , Rao Dheemahi , Saha Bivas
Published: January 2021

In recent years, the plasmonic materials with high optical loss ushered many innovations, such as loss-induced heating, plasmon-induced hot carrier, and electro-thermo-plasmonic nanotweezers. Similarly, epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials that exhibit near-zero real-components of the dielectric permittivity (ε1) with high loss are promising for efficient absorbers, hot-electron generation, photo-catalysis, local heating, nanoparticle trapping, etc. Traditionally, the plasmonic and ENZ materials based on noble metals such as Au and Ag are not stable at high-temperatures, are CMOS incompatible, and exhibit ENZ behavior in a narrow wavelength range, whereas though transition metal nitrides such as TiN and ZrN exhibit ENZ in the visible spectrum, their spectral width is rather small. Therefore, ENZ materials that are broadband in nature, refractory, oxidation resistant, and CMOS compatible should exhibit better device performance and are highly desired. In this letter, we demonstrate epitaxial, highly crystalline refractory transition metals (RTMs) such as Ta, W, and Mo deposited at high-temperatures (700 °C) in ultra-high vacuum (∼2 × 10−9 Torr), which exhibit broadband ENZ characteristics with relatively flat ε1 in the visible-to-near-IR spectral ranges (200 nm–1000 nm). Phase-pure high crystalline-quality and smooth surfaces result in more metallicity, which leads to a large negative ε1 in long-wavelength (1000 nm–2500 nm) ranges that are comparable to the ε1  of alternative plasmonic materials such as TiN and ZrN. Plasmonic and ENZ characteristics are found to be robust at high-temperatures (∼700 °C) and result in enhanced optical absorption in the RTM metasurface that would be useful for thermophotonic energy conversion, nonlinear optics, and nonreciprocal optical devices.
Above-room-temperature giant thermal conductivity switching in spintronic multilayers
Authors: Nakayama Hiroyasu , Xu Bin , Iwamoto Sotaro , Yamamoto Kaoru , Iguchi Ryo , Miura Asuka , Hirai Takamasa , Miura Yoshio , Sakuraba Yuya , Shiomi Junichiro , Uchida Ken-ichi
Published: January 2021

Thermal switching provides an effective way for active heat flow control, which has recently attracted increasing attention in terms of nanoscale thermal management technologies. In magnetic and spintronic materials, the thermal conductivity depends on the magnetization configuration: this is the magnetothermal resistance effect. Here, we show that an epitaxial Cu/Co50Fe50 multilayer film exhibits giant magnetic-field-induced modulation of the cross-plane thermal conductivity. The magnetothermal resistance ratio for the Cu/Co50Fe50 multilayer reaches 150% at room temperature, which is much larger than the previous record high. Although the ratio decreases with increasing the temperature, the giant magnetothermal resistance effect of ∼100% still appears up to 400 K. The magnetic field dependence of the thermal conductivity of the Cu/Co50Fe50 multilayer was observed to be about twice greater than that of the cross-plane electrical conductivity. The observation of the giant magnetothermal resistance effect clarifies the potential of spintronic multilayers as thermal switching devices.
What can single-molecule Fano resonance tell?
Authors: Luo Yang , Kong Fan-Fang , Tian Xiao-Jun , Yu Yun-Jie , Zhang Li , Chen Gong , Zhang Yao , Zhang Yang , Dong Zhen-Chao
Published: January 2021

In this work, we showcase applications of single-molecule Fano resonance (SMFR) measurements beyond the determination of molecular excitonic energy and associated dipole orientation. We use the SMFR measurement to probe the local influence of a man-made single chlorine vacancy on the molecular transition of a single zinc phthalocyanine, which clearly reveals the lifting-up of the double degeneracy of the excited states due to defect-induced configurational changes. Furthermore, time-trace SMFR measurements at different excitation voltages are used to track the tautomerization process in a free-base phthalocyanine. Different behaviors in switching between two inner-hydrogen configurations are observed with decreasing voltages, which helps to reveal the underlying tautomerization mechanism involving both the molecular electronic excited states and vibrational excited states in the ground state.
Excitonic and charge transfer interactions in tetracene stacked and T-shaped dimers
Authors: C. A. Valente Daniel , do Casal Mariana T. , Barbatti Mario , Niehaus Thomas A. , Aquino Adelia J. A. , Lischka Hans , Cardozo Thiago M.
Published: January 2021

Extended quantum chemical calculations were performed for the tetracene dimer to provide benchmark results, analyze the excimer survival process, and explore the possibility of using long-range-corrected (LC) time-dependent second-order density functional tight-biding (DFTB2) for this system. Ground- and first-excited-state optimized geometries, vertical excitations at relevant minima, and intermonomer displacement potential energy curves (PECs) were calculated for these purposes. Ground-state geometries were optimized with the scaled-opposite-spin (SOS) second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation (MP2) theory and LC-DFT (density functional theory) and LC-DFTB2 levels. Excited-state geometries were optimized with SOS-ADC(2) (algebraic diagrammatic construction to second-order) and the time-dependent approaches for the latter two methods. Vertical excitations and PECs were compared to multireference configuration interaction DFT (DFT/MRCI). All methods predict the lowest-energy S0 conformer to have monomers parallel and rotated relative to each other and the lowest S1 conformer to be of a displaced-stacked type. LC-DFTB2, however, presents some relevant differences regarding other conformers for S0. Despite some state-order inversions, overall good agreement between methods was observed in the spectral shape, state character, and PECs. Nevertheless, DFT/MRCI predicts that the S1 state should acquire a doubly excited-state character relevant to the excimer survival process and, therefore, cannot be completely described by the single reference methods used in this work. PECs also revealed an interesting relation between dissociation energies and the intermonomer charge-transfer interactions for some states.
A physical method for investigating defect chemistry in solid metal oxides
Authors: Rodenbücher Christian , Korte Carsten , Schmitz-Kempen Thorsten , Bette Sebastian , Szot Kristof
Published: January 2021

The investigation of the defect chemistry of solid oxides is of central importance for the understanding of redox processes. This can be performed by measuring conductivity as a function of the oxygen partial pressure, which is conventionally established by using buffer gas mixtures or oxygen pumps based on zirconia. However, this approach has some limitations, such as difficulty in regulating oxygen partial pressure in some intermediate-pressure regions or the possibility of influencing the redox process by gases that can also be incorporated into the oxide or react with the surface via heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we present an alternative physical method in which the oxygen partial pressure is controlled by dosing pure oxygen inside an ultra-high vacuum chamber. To monitor the conductivity of the oxide under investigation, we employ a dedicated four-probe measurement system that relies on the application of a very small AC voltage, in combination with lock-in data acquisition using highly sensitive electrometers, minimizing the electrochemical polarization or electro-reduction and degradation effects. By analyzing the model material SrTiO3, we demonstrate that its characteristic redox behavior can be reproduced in good agreement with the theory when performing simultaneous electrical conductivity relaxation and high-temperature equilibrium conductivity measurements. We show that the use of pure oxygen allows for a direct analysis of the characteristic oxygen dose, which opens up various perspectives for a detailed analysis of the surface chemistry of redox processes.
0D/1D organic ferroelectrics/multiferroics for ultrahigh density integration: Helical hydrogen-bonded chains, multi-mode switching, and proton synaptic transistors
Authors: Ren Yangyang , Wu Menghao
Published: January 2021

In recent years, room-temperature ferroelectricity has been experimentally confirmed in a series of two-dimensional (2D) materials. Theoretically, for isolated ferroelectricity in even lower dimensions such as 1D or 0D, the switching barriers may still ensure the room-temperature robustness for ultrahigh-density non-volatile memories, which has yet been scarcely explored. Here, we show ab initio designs of 0D/1D ferroelectrics/multiferroics based on functionalized transition-metal molecular sandwich nanowires (SNWs) with intriguing properties. Some functional groups such as —COOH will spontaneously form into robust threefold helical hydrogen-bonded chains around SNWs with considerable polarizations. Two modes of ferroelectric switching are revealed: when the ends of SNWs are not hydrogen-bonded, the polarizations can be reversed via ligand reorientation that will reform the hydrogen-bonded chains and alter their helicity; when both ends are hydrogen-bonded, the polarizations can be reversed via proton transfer without changing the helicity of chains. The combination of those two modes makes the system the smallest proton conductor with a moderate migration barrier, which is lower compared with many prevalent proton-conductors for higher mobility while still ensuring the robustness at ambient conditions. This desirable feature can be utilized for constructing nanoscale artificial ionic synapses that may enable neuromorphic computing. In such a design of synaptic transistors, the migration of protons through those chains can be controlled and continuously change the conductance of MXene-based post-neuron for nonvolatile multilevel resistance. The success of mimicking synaptic functions will make such designs promising in future high-density artificial neutral systems.
A langasite surface acoustic wave wide-range temperature sensor with excellent linearity and high sensitivity
Authors: Xu Hongsheng , Jin Hao , Dong Shurong , Chen Jinkai , Song Xinyu , Xuan Weipeng , Shi Lin , Huang Shuyi , Zhang Pengjun , Luo Jikui
Published: January 2021

Langasite (LGS) surface acoustic wave (SAW) temperature sensors have a large second order temperature coefficient of frequency, which leads to their non-linear and non-monotonic responses in a wide temperature range and possibly makes the measured temperatures non-unique for a specific sensor response. Here, we propose a high-temperature Pt/LGS SAW sensor with linear frequency–temperature behavior in a wide temperature range, which was fabricated on a LGS (0°, 138.5°, 72°) substrate. The sensor has a single acoustic mode, but dual resonances with similar second- and third-order temperature sensitivities that were utilized for achieving a linear frequency–temperature response by a method of difference. A linear relationship between the measured sensor output (Δfm21) and temperature was obtained in the range of −60 °C to 700 °C, consistent with the theoretical analysis. The sensor has a high sensitivity of −167 ppm/K for the whole temperature range. All the results demonstrated exciting prospects of the sensor for wide temperature monitoring in harsh environments.
A computational study of the gas-phase pyruvic acid decomposition: Potential energy surfaces, temporal dependence, and rates
Authors: Barquilla Michael Dave P. , Mayes Maricris L.
Published: January 2021

Pyruvic acid (PA) is a key intermediate in keto-acid chemistry and plays an integral part in atmospheric chemistry. However, there is still a lack of fundamental mechanistic understanding of the PA degradation processes. Here, we show the gas-phase PA degradation energetics, temporal dependence, and rates and compare with the hydration of PA and decomposition of methylglyoxal (MGY). The acetaldehyde production, via PA decarboxylation, was found to be dominant over acetic acid production. We confirmed the isomerization to enol and lactone forms and the roles of intermediates, methylhydroxycarbene (MHC)–CO2 and vinyl alcohol. We characterized additional pathways with their energy barrier represented in parentheses: the direct acetic acid conversion (54.21 kcal/mol), MHC–CO2 to acetaldehyde (30.82 kcal/mol), and MHC–CO2 to vinyl alcohol (23.80 kcal/mol). The calculated PA decomposition rates at 400 K–1000 K and 1 atm agree with the previous gas-phase experiments. The unsymmetrical Eckart tunneling is significant in 2,2-dihydroxypropionic acid (DHPA) and DHPA–H2O formation and MGY production, resulting in increased rates for DHPA formation. This implies a competition between PA decomposition and hydration in atmospheric conditions and a strong water concentration and temperature dependence.
Accelerating coupled cluster calculations with nonlinear dynamics and supervised machine learning
Authors: Agarawal Valay , Roy Samrendra , Chakraborty Anish , Maitra Rahul
Published: January 2021

In this paper, the iteration scheme associated with single reference coupled cluster theory has been analyzed using nonlinear dynamics. The phase space analysis indicates the presence of a few significant cluster amplitudes, mostly involving valence excitations, that dictate the dynamics, while all other amplitudes are enslaved. Starting with a few initial iterations to establish the inter-relationship among the cluster amplitudes, a supervised machine learning scheme with a polynomial kernel ridge regression model has been employed to express each of the enslaved amplitudes uniquely in terms of the former set of amplitudes. The subsequent coupled cluster iterations are restricted solely to determine those significant excitations, and the enslaved amplitudes are determined through the already established functional mapping. We will show that our hybrid scheme leads to a significant reduction in the computational time without sacrificing the accuracy.
Probing the structural properties of the water solvation shell around gold nanoparticles: A computational study
Authors: Tandiana Rika , Brun Emilie , Sicard-Roselli Cécile , Domin Dominik , Van-Oanh Nguyen-Thi , Clavaguéra Carine
Published: January 2021

While subjected to radiation, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been shown to enhance the production of radicals when added to aqueous solutions. It has been proposed that the arrangement of water solvation layers near the water–gold interface plays a significant role. As such, the structural and electronic properties of the first water solvation layer surrounding GNPs of varying sizes were compared to bulk water using classical molecular dynamics and quantum and semi-empirical methods. Classical molecular dynamics was used to understand the change in macroscopic properties of bulk water in the presence of different sizes of GNP, as well as by including salt ions. The analysis of these macroscopic properties has led to the conclusion that larger GNPs induce the rearrangement of water molecules to form a 2D hydrogen-bond network at the interface. Quantum methods were employed to understand the electronic nature of the interaction between water molecules and GNPs along with the change in the water orientation and the vibrational density of states. The stretching region of vibrational density of states was found to extend into the higher wavenumber region, as the size of the GNP increases. This extension represents the dangling water molecules at the interface, as a result of reorientation of the water molecules in the first solvation shell. This multi-level study suggests that in the presence of GNP of increasing sizes, the first water solvation shell undergoes a rearrangement to maximize the water–water interactions as well as the water–GNP interactions.
Forward growth of ferroelectric domains with charged domain walls. Local switching on non-polar cuts
Authors: Shur V. Ya. , Pelegova E. V. , Turygin A. P. , Kosobokov M. S. , Alikin Yu. M.
Published: January 2021

Forward domain growth representing one of the main stages of domain switching is studied for isolated domains and domain arrays appearing as a result of tip-induced switching on the non-polar cuts of lithium niobate crystals. Formation of the wedge-like domains with a high aspect ratio and charged domain walls is observed. The domain growth in the area with a negligible external field is considered in terms of the kinetic approach based on analogy with crystal growth. The domain wall motion by step generation and propagation of the charged kinks is discussed. It is proposed that the switching field contains the inputs of the external field produced by a biased scanning probe microscope tip, the depolarization field produced by charged kinks, and the screening fields. According to the simulation results of the field distribution, the forward growth is caused by the step generation near the tip and the kink propagation induced by the depolarization field produced by the kinks. Scanning with the biased tip creates self-assembled domain arrays with several modes of domain length alteration: doubling, quadrupling, and chaotic. The statistical characterization of the arrays proves their high ordering. The array is formed under the influence of the depolarization field produced by three neighboring domains. The proposed mechanism can be applied for forward domain growth during switching on the polar cuts as well. In this case, the steps on the domain wall are generated on the polar surface, whereas the domain elongates by kink motion in the field produced by the charged kinks.
Numerical study of droplet motion on discontinuous wetting gradient surface with rough strip
Authors: Li Wenbin , Lu Jiacai , Tryggvason Grétar , Zhang Ying
Published: January 2021

The self-transport of a droplet on a wetting gradient surface is of great importance in understanding the mechanism of surface coating and the design of numerous functional surfaces. Although it is known that the wetting gradient and surface condition are the main factors that influence the droplet transport, the effect of roughness on the motion on a discontinuous wetting gradient surface is worth further study. In this work, a numerical model based on the front tracking method was utilized to investigate the droplet’s motion on such surfaces. The capillary number Ca and the mass center x̄c were recorded to scale the transient speed and trace the motion, respectively. The self-transport under two regimes of driving forces for different smooth strip lengths is analyzed, and it is found that the roughness has a significant influence on the transport velocity and stability of the motion. Regimes of droplet crossing states are plotted for the roughness η and the wettability difference Δθ between two adjacent regions. The regime plot shows that the transport modes for droplets on discontinuous wetting gradient surfaces depend on the surface roughness.
Dynamic permeability of fluids in rectangular and square microchannels: Shift and coupling of viscoelastic bidimensional resonances
Authors: Torres-Herrera U.
Published: January 2021

Pulsatile dynamics of Newtonian and Maxwellian fluids is exactly solved by theoretical analytical means when confined within rectangular microchannels subject to oscillatory driving forces. The analytical solution exhibits a complex behavior caused by the fluid dynamics along the smallest and the secondary confinement dimensions. For Newtonian fluids, the maximum and average flow velocities within the microchannel differ considerably from the ones predicted by simplified one-dimensional models when fluids are subject to moderate and high driving force frequencies. This is caused by the stagnation of flow velocity in the vicinity of the channel walls at the secondary confinement dimension. For Maxwellian fluids, the secondary confinement incorporates flow resonances that are coupled to the ones caused by the smallest confinement, leading to a shift of the main resonance and the arising of resonances when bidimensional vibration modes are excited. These effects depend on the aspect ratio between channel width and height and on the magnitude of the driving force frequency, compared to the characteristic viscous frequency of the microchannel. The theoretical results are compared with recent experimental results in the literature in pulsatile microfluidics for hyaluronic acid solutions with viscoelastic properties, as well as for water. In both cases, an agreement is found between theoretical and experimental results.
Alternating current-driven quantum-dot light-emitting diodes with planar architecture
Authors: Chen Jingwei , Liu Ming , Ji Junpeng , Ali Muhammad Umair , Meng Hong
Published: January 2021

Development of alternating current (AC)-driven devices with versatile architecture is a potential approach to realize multifunctional light-emitting sources. Planar AC-powered electroluminescent (pAC-EL) devices using lateral placement of electrodes, instead of conventional stacking, are an emerging design that manifests promising applications beyond displays. While phosphors and organic light-emitting materials have been applied in pAC-EL devices, further enhancing the color purity and brightness remains a daunting challenge. In this Letter, we explore the utilization of quantum dots as the emitting layer for pAC-EL single-insulation devices without external injection. In such architecture, light is produced by the recombination of internally generated holes and field-induced electrons in the emissive layer of two in-plane light-emitting units alternately. The developed pAC-QLEDs exhibited a maximum brightness of 2023, 6327, and 613 cd/m2 for red, green, and blue (RGB) emissions at 150 kHz, respectively. Furthermore, a white-emitting pAC-QLED and a bi-color pAC-QLED were also constructed by stacking the R/G/B QD layers in serial and putting the R/G QD layers in parallel, respectively. In addition, compatibility of the proposed device configuration with flexible substrates is also manifested. The development of pAC-QLEDs provides an effective route to achieve high brightness without external injection, indicating diverse applications of these light sources for health monitoring sensors and phototherapy.
Evidence of residual ferroelectric contribution in antiferroelectric lead-zirconate thin films by first-order reversal curves
Authors: Nadaud Kevin , Borderon Caroline , Renoud Raphaël , Bah Micka , Ginestar Stephane , Gundel Hartmut W.
Published: January 2021

In this study, two different methods have been used in order to characterize lead-zirconate antiferroelectric thin film elaborated by a modified sol-gel process: First-Order Reversal Curves (FORC) measurements and impedance spectroscopy coupled to hyperbolic law analysis. Approaches at low and high applied electric fields allow concluding on the presence of a weak residual ferroelectric behavior even if this contribution is not visible on the polarization-electric field loops. Moreover, the weak ferroelectric phase seems to switch only when the phase of the antiferroelectric cells is modified and no coalescence of ferroelectric domains at the low field occurs due to a well distribution of small residual ferroelectric clusters in the material. The main goal of this paper is to show that FORC distribution measurements and impedance spectroscopy coupled to the hyperbolic law analysis are very sensitive and complementary methods.
Lodging tolerance of rice is improved without decreasing productivity by mixing lines with different maturity dates
Authors: Oikawa Seiji , Katayanagi Ayaka , Abe Akira , Matsunami Maya , Shimono Hiroyuki
Published: January 2021

We hypothesised that mixing of rice lines with different maturity dates can improve the productivity per unit area while improving lodging resistance on account of the heterogeneous canopy. To test this hypothesis, we grew two lines, wild-type (WT) and early-maturing (EML), of each of two cultivars (Koshihikari and Hitomebore) in monoculture plantings and within-cultivar mixed plantings, with WT and EML plants alternating every one or two rows, over 2 years in northern Japan. The mixtures formed a canopy with different heading dates (5–7 days earlier than WT in Hitomebore and 14–19 days earlier in Koshihikari). For Koshihikari, the mixture increased grain yield per plant in the WT by 18–33%, but decreased it in the EML by 19–22%; however, for Hitomebore, there was no significant difference. Consequently, grain yield per unit area did not change relative to the mean of monocultures of WT and EML in either cultivar. Lodging tolerance improved significantly in the mixtures, especially for Koshihikari. Thus, mixing rice lines with different maturity dates improved lodging tolerance without decreasing productivity.
Discovery of a small protein factor involved in the coordinated degradation of phycobilisomes in cyanobacteria
Authors: Krauspe Vanessa , Fahrner Matthias , Spät Philipp , Steglich Claudia , Frankenberg-Dinkel Nicole , Maček Boris , Schilling Oliver , Hess Wolfgang R.
Published: January 2021

Significance

During genome analysis, genes encoding small proteins are frequently neglected. Accordingly, small proteins have remained underinvestigated in all domains of life. Based on a previous systematic search for such genes, we present the functional analysis of the 66 amino acids protein NblD in a photosynthetic cyanobacterium. We show that NblD plays a crucial role during the coordinated dismantling of phycobilisome light-harvesting complexes. This disassembly is triggered when the cells become starved for nitrogen, a condition that frequently occurs in nature. Similar to NblA that tags phycobiliproteins for proteolysis, NblD binds to phycocyanin polypeptides but has a different function. The results show that, even in a well-investigated process, crucial new players can be discovered if small proteins are taken into consideration.
A lower-than-expected saltation threshold at Martian pressure and below
Authors: Andreotti Bruno , Claudin Philippe , Iversen Jens Jacob , Merrison Jonathan P. , Rasmussen Keld R.
Published: January 2021

Significance

Reproducing aeolian transport of grains in low-pressure conditions, we have discovered a saltation regime where the transport threshold is significantly lower than one would expect from the extrapolation of what is observed in ambient conditions. This regime is relevant for the Martian environment, where the observed wind-blown bedforms reveal aeolian sediment transport as a major geomorphic agent shaping the landscape of the planet. This surprising result reveals the existence of yet-unknown processes and provides a challenge for our fundamental understanding of sediment transport on planetary bodies in general. We also reproduce bedforms analogous to small (decimeter-scale) Martian impact ripples, whose photographs taken by NASA’s Curiosity rover were a surprise and could be used as proxies to estimate sand fluxes remotely.
The deubiquitylase USP9X controls ribosomal stalling
Authors: Clancy Anne , Heride Claire , Pinto-Fernández Adán , Elcocks Hannah , Kallinos Andreas , Kayser-Bricker Katherine J. , Wang Weiping , Smith Victoria , Davis Simon , Fessler Shawn , McKinnon Crystal , Katz Marie , Hammonds Tim , Jones Neil P. , O’Connell Jonathan , Follows Bruce , Mischke Steven , Caravella Justin A. , Ioannidis Stephanos , Dinsmore Christopher , Kim Sunkyu , Behrens Axel , Komander David , Kessler Benedikt M. , Urbé Sylvie , Clague Michael J.
Published: January 2021

When a ribosome stalls during translation, it runs the risk of collision with a trailing ribosome. Such an encounter leads to the formation of a stable di-ribosome complex, which needs to be resolved by a dedicated machinery. The initial stalling and the subsequent resolution of di-ribosomal complexes requires activity of Makorin and ZNF598 ubiquitin E3 ligases, respectively, through ubiquitylation of the eS10 and uS10 subunits of the ribosome. We have developed a specific small-molecule inhibitor of the deubiquitylase USP9X. Proteomics analysis, following inhibitor treatment of HCT116 cells, confirms previous reports linking USP9X with centrosome-associated protein stability but also reveals a loss of Makorin 2 and ZNF598. We show that USP9X interacts with both these ubiquitin E3 ligases, regulating their abundance through the control of protein stability. In the absence of USP9X or following chemical inhibition of its catalytic activity, levels of Makorins and ZNF598 are diminished, and the ribosomal quality control pathway is impaired.
Loss of tRNA-modifying enzyme Elp3 activates a p53-dependent antitumor checkpoint in hematopoiesis
Authors: Rosu Adeline , El Hachem Najla , Rapino Francesca , Rouault-Pierre Kevin , Jorssen Joseph , Somja Joan , Ramery Eve , Thiry Marc , Nguyen Laurent , Jacquemyn Maarten , Daelemans Dirk , Adams Christopher M. , Bonnet Dominique , Chariot Alain , Close Pierre , Bureau Fabrice , Desmet Christophe J.
Published: January 2021

The hematopoietic system is highly sensitive to perturbations in the translational machinery, of which an emerging level of regulation lies in the epitranscriptomic modification of transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Here, we interrogate the role of tRNA anticodon modifications in hematopoiesis by using mouse models of conditional inactivation of Elp3, the catalytic subunit of Elongator that modifies wobble uridine in specific tRNAs. Loss of Elp3 causes bone marrow failure by inducing death in committing progenitors and compromises the grafting activity of hematopoietic stem cells. Mechanistically, Elp3 deficiency activates a p53-dependent checkpoint in what resembles a misguided amino acid deprivation response that is accompanied by Atf4 overactivation and increased protein synthesis. While deletion of p53 rescues hematopoiesis, loss of Elp3 prompts the development of p53-mutated leukemia/lymphoma, and inactivation of p53 and Elongator cooperatively promotes tumorigenesis. Specific tRNA-modifying enzymes thus condition differentiation and antitumor fate decisions in hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors.
Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Sr-85 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 85Sr to include the 2018 result of the PTB (Germany)
Authors: Michotte C , Courte S , Nonis M , Coulon R , Judge S , Nälhle O , Takács M
Published: January 2021

Main text

Since 1975, 10 laboratories have submitted 28 samples of 85Sr to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), with comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Sr-85. Recently, the PTB Germany) participated in the comparison and the key comparison reference value (KCRV) has been updated. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the updated KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table. A graphical presentation is also given.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Classical-Noise-Free Sensing Based on Quantum Correlation Measurement*
Authors: Wang Ping , Chen Chong , Liu Ren-Bao
Published: January 2021

Quantum sensing, using quantum properties of sensors, can enhance resolution, precision, and sensitivity of imaging, spectroscopy, and detection. An intriguing question is: Can the quantum nature (quantumness) of sensors and targets be exploited to enable schemes that are not possible for classical probes or classical targets? Here we show that measurement of the quantum correlations of a quantum target indeed allows for sensing schemes that have no classical counterparts. As a concrete example, in the case that the second-order classical correlation of a quantum target could be totally concealed by non-stationary classical noise, the higher-order quantum correlations can single out a quantum target from the classical noise background, regardless of the spectrum, statistics, or intensity of the noise. Hence a classical-noise-free sensing scheme is proposed. This finding suggests that the quantumness of sensors and targets is still to be explored to realize the full potential of quantum sensing. New opportunities include sensitivity beyond classical approaches, non-classical correlations as a new approach to quantum many-body physics, loophole-free tests of the quantum foundation, et cetera.
Managing Quantum Heat Transfer in a Nonequilibrium Qubit-Phonon Hybrid System with Coherent Phonon States
Authors: Wang Chen , Wang Lu-Qin , Ren Jie
Published: January 2021

We investigate quantum heat transfer in a nonequilibrium qubit-phonon hybrid open system, dissipated by external bosonic thermal reservoirs. By applying coherent phonon states embedded in the dressed quantum master equation, we are capable of dealing with arbitrary qubit-phonon coupling strength. It is counterintuitively found that the effect of negative differential thermal conductance is absent at strong qubit-phonon hybridization, but becomes profound at weak qubit-phonon coupling regime. The underlying mechanism of decreasing heat flux by increasing the temperature bias relies on the unidirectional transitions from the up-spin displaced coherent phonon states to the down-spin counterparts, which seriously freezes the qubit and prevents the system from completing a thermodynamic cycle. Finally, the effects of perfect thermal rectification and giant heat amplification are unraveled, thanks to the effect of negative differential thermal conductance. These results of the nonequilibrium qubit-phonon open system would have potential implications in smart energy control and functional design of phononic hybrid quantum devices.
Adaptive Radiative Thermal Camouflage via Synchronous Heat Conduction
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Huang Shiyao , Hu Run
Published: January 2021

The advent of transformation thermotics has seen a boom in development of thermal metamaterials with a variety of thermal functionalities, including phenomena such as thermal cloaking and camouflage. However, most thermal metamaterials-based camouflage devices only tune in-plane heat conduction, which may fail to conceal a target from out-of-plane detection. We propose an adaptive radiative thermal camouflage via tuning out-of-plane transient heat conduction, and it is validated by both simulation and experiment. The physics underlying the performance of our adaptive thermal camouflage is based on real-time synchronous heat conduction through the camouflage device and the background plate, respectively. The proposed concept and device represent a promising new approach to fabrication of conductive thermal metamaterials, providing a feasible and effective way to achieve adaptive thermal camouflage.
How Does van der Waals Confinement Enhance Phonon Transport?*
Authors: Yu Xiaoxiang , Ma Dengke , Deng Chengcheng , Wan Xiao , An Meng , Meng Han , Li Xiaobo , Huang Xiaoming , Yang Nuo
Published: January 2021

We study the mechanism of van der Waals (vdW) interactions on phonon transport in atomic scale, which would boost developments in heat management and energy conversion. Commonly, the vdW interactions are regarded as a hindrance in phonon transport. Here we propose that the vdW confinement can enhance phonon transport. Through molecular dynamics simulations, it is realized that the vdW confinement is able to make more than two-fold enhancement on thermal conductivity of both polyethylene single chain and graphene nanoribbon. The quantitative analyses of morphology, local vdW potential energy and dynamical properties are carried out to reveal the underlying physical mechanism. It is found that the confined vdW potential barriers reduce the atomic thermal displacement magnitudes, leading to less phonon scattering and facilitating thermal transport. Our study offers a new strategy to modulate the phonon transport.
Dynamic Crossover in Metallic Glass Nanoparticles*
Authors: Zhang Shan , Wang Weihua , Guan Pengfei
Published: January 2021

We report the dynamic crossover behavior in metallic glass nanoparticles (MGNs) with the size reduction based on the extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations combined with the activation-relaxation technique (ART). The fragile-to-strong transition of dynamics can be achieved by just modulating the characteristic size of MGNs. It can be attributed to the abnormal fast surface dynamics enhanced by the surface curvature. By determining the potential energy surface, we reveal the hierarchy-to-flat transition of potential energy landscape (PEL) in MGNs, and demonstrate the intrinsic flat potential landscape feature of the MGN with size smaller than a critical size. Our results provide an important piece of the puzzle about the size-modulated potential energy landscape and shed some lights on the unique properties of MGs in nanoscale.
Large-Area Freestanding Weyl Semimetal WTe2 Membranes
Authors: Chen Yequan , Liu Ruxin , Chen Yongda , Yuan Xiao , Ning Jiai , Zhang Chunchen , Chen Liming , Wang Peng , He Liang , Zhang Rong , Xu Yongbing , Wang Xuefeng
Published: January 2021

We report a universal transfer methodology for producing artificial heterostructures of large-area freestanding single-crystalline WTe2 membranes on diverse target substrates. The transferred WTe2 membranes exhibit a nondestructive structure with a carrier mobility comparable to that of as-grown films (∼ 179–1055 cm2 · V−1 · s−1). Furthermore, the transferred membranes show distinct Shubnikov–de Haas quantum oscillations as well as weak localization/weak anti-localization. These results provide a new approach to the development of atom manufacturing and devices based on atomic-level, large-area topological quantum films.
Disorder and Itinerant Magnetism in Full Heusler Pd2TiIn
Authors: Qin Guanhua , Ren Wei , Singh David J. , Lei Bing-Hua
Published: January 2021

We report electronic and magnetic properties of full Heusler Pd2TiIn based on first principles calculations. This compound has been variously characterized as magnetic or non-magnetic. We use first principles calculations with accurate methods to reexamine this issue. We find that ideal ordered Heusler Pd2TiIn remains non-magnetic, in accord with prior work. However, we do find that it is possible to explain the magnetism seen in experiments through disorder and in particular we find that site disorder can lead to moment formation in this compound. In addition, we find an alternative low energy cubic crystal structure, which will be of interest to explore experimentally.