bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does the Addition of Explicit Clarification of Auditor Independence Statement to the Auditor’s Report Matter to Equity Analysts?
Authors: Zhang Xia , Ofori-Mensah Kwadwo
Published: April 2019

The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) adopted a new auditing standard to enhance the relevance and usefulness of the auditor’s report. One of the changes introduced in the new reporting model is the addition of a statement that explicitly clarifies the auditor’s independence (AS 3101.09.g). We administer a survey to investigate whether explicitly clarifying the auditor’s independence in the auditor’s report affects equity analysts’ perceptions of auditor independence, perceptions of financial reporting reliability, and their judgment when it comes to making stock recommendations to clients. A total of 123 equity analysts are recruited via Qualtrics for the study. The findings of the survey provide evidence that corroborates the position of the PCAOB that explicit clarification of auditor independence provides relevant information useful to public users such as equity analysts. Our study is the first to evaluate equity analysts’ perceptions about auditor independence using the new PCAOB auditor reporting model regarding the explicit clarification of auditor independence in the auditor’s report. Our study contributes to research, practice, and policy.
Impact of prechemotherapy preparation on knowledge, coping attitude and satisfaction among newly diagnosed patients with cancer
Authors: Aboalizm Samira E. , El-Sayad Hanaa E.
Published: April 2019

Objective: Cancer’s patients receiving chemotherapy need information about the treatments and self-care that must practice in order to prevent serious complications. Purpose of the study: To determine the impact of prechemotherapy preparation on knowledge, coping attitude and satisfaction among newly diagnosed patients with cancer.Methods: Quasi experimental research design was used. The study was conducted at outpatient’s chemotherapy clinic and at word of the Oncology Menoufia University Hospital, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt. A convenience sample of 100 adult patients of both sexes who were diagnosed with cancer in the Oncology outpatient clinic and would receive first time chemotherapy treatment were enrolled in this study. Three tools were used. Tool I: Chemotherapy Patients needs assessment: structured interviewing scheduled questionnaire: The tool consisted of the following 2 parts. Part 1: Sociodemographic and clinical data, Part II: Pre Chemotherapy Knowledge Assessment Sheet. Tool II: 16 attributes of cancer therapy satisfaction questionnaire (CTSQ). Tool III: Cancer Coping Questionnaire (CCQ) 21 Items Versions.Results: The study group had better knowledge, coping and satisfaction post intervention than control group. There was statistically considerable differences between study and control group concerning the mean total score of satisfaction and coping (p value < .001). There were significant positive correlation total score of cancer coping and mean score of cancer therapy satisfaction p value < .001.Conclusions: Prechemotherapy preparation to cancer patients improved patient’s knowledge, satisfaction and coping. Recommendation: Prechemotherapy education should be considered a part of routine nursing care performed for all newly diagnosed patients with cancer who would receive chemotherapy for first time.
Influence of Shopping Experience on Shopping/Convenience Store Selection
Authors: Hussain Malik Mubashir , Siddiqui Danish Ahmed
Published: April 2019

In this paper the influence of shopping experience on a specific shopping store selection has been investigated. Four dimensions of shopping experience namely Accessibility, Atmosphere, Environment and Service Personnel were proposed, and a 15-item measure is developed to measure 304 consumer perceptions of the shopping experience across different regions of Pakistan using Structural Equation Modelling. Findings indicate that shopping experience enjoyment has a significant positive influence upon customers’ selection of shopping destinations. Furthermore, the study highlights different aspects under which these preferences could be altered such as under gender Influence, economic factors, legal boundaries; these preferences seem to be affected up to a considerable amount and the impact of such factors could not be overlooked.
Gender and Financial Constraints: An Empirical Investigation in Italy
Authors: Campanella Francesco , Serino Luana
Published: April 2019

Firms can be credit constrained either because they decide not to apply for such a loan due to expected rejection or because the application has been rejected by the bank. Using a sample of 428 Italian small and medium enterprises, we investigate the relationship between gender and credit constraints. Controlling for other variables, findings reveal that lenders discriminate against women on the basis solely of gender in terms of access to capital. As a consequence, women-run firms obtain less bank financing, although they are not afraid to ask for credit.
A Modelling of the Effect of Biomotor Capabilities on the Special Ablitiy Test Course
Authors: Öncen Sercan , Aydın Serkan
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study is to evaluate some bio motor capabilities which are thought to have an effect on SpecialAbility Test Course (SATC) test scores applied as an entrance exam in the School of Physical Education and Sports(SPES). 70 participants who were successful in the SATC (51 male (181 ± 5.5 cm, 73.9 ± 9.8 kg) and 19 female (165± 5.6 cm, 54.7 ± 6.49 kg) were included in the study. The bio motor capability performances of the participants, suchas speed (10 m, 20 m, 30 m, 100 m sprint), agility (T-test, 505 agility test), and anaerobic power (Sargent verticaljump test) were measured two weeks after the SATC tests. The performances of the participants in the 2018 SATC ofthe Tekirdag Namik Kemal University SPES were used as the scores of the SATC. The mean of a difference test, acorrelation analysis, and a multiple linear regression analysis were used as the statistical method (p<0,05). Whilethere was a significant positive correlation between the SATC agility (r = 799 **) and speed (r = 895 **) scores,there was a negative correlation between SATC scores and anaerobic power output (r = -719 **). Statistical analysiswas performed by taking the gender factor into account in the linear regression estimation due to the significantdifference (p <0.05) between the SATC scores according to the gender variable. The bio motor capabilities of themale participants, which contributed the most to the SATC scores, were determined as 505 agility (Beta = 424) and30 m (Beta = 379) speed (SATC Male=-9.992 + (10.478 x 505 test) + (6.742 x 30 m). However, the bio motorcapabilities of the female participants did not contribute to the SATC scores.
Obstacles to Implementing the Strategic Action Plan in the Light of Performance Evaluation at College of Education in Jeddah University
Authors: Alfadli Mona A.
Published: April 2019

The present study aims to investigate the obstacles to implementing the strategic action plan in the light ofperformance evaluation at the College of Education, Jeddah University. The author adopted the descriptive analyticalapproach. The population comprised all forms and documents relevant to the domains, namely learning andeducation, post-graduate studies, social responsibility, and funding. The results showed that the achievement rate ofthe domains was 40%, 18%, 0.04%, and 73%, respectively. The obstacles to learning and education related toawareness of the course and its design, difficulty of students’ interaction, and form filling objectively. The obstaclesto post-graduate studies domain were relevant to publishing in reviewed and standardized journals due to JeddahUniversity, lack of action handbook for mission and, post-graduate studies based on mission regulation of the SaudiUniversities. The obstacles to social responsibility were relevant to funding in terms of allocating a budget foractivating the social responsibility projects and upgrading the college’s infrastructure. The obstacles to funding andinvestment were based on the needs of civil society associations to launch new programs that meet their needs andprovide the College of Education with investment return.
Effectiveness of Cognitive Conflict Strategy in Improving Academic Achievement and Modifying Sex Education Misconceptions in Science Course among Intermediate Second-Grade Students
Authors: Subahi Nisreen H.
Published: April 2019

The current study aimed at identifying the effectiveness of cognitive conflict strategy in improving academicachievement and modifying sex education misconceptions in the Science course among intermediate second-gradestudents in Jeddah. Based on the cognitive conflict strategy, a teacher guide was prepared for teaching Family Planningand Reproduction Chapter. In addition, an achievement test and a misconception scale of sex education are prepared.The sample consisted of 56 students equally distributed to an experimental group taught using the cognitive conflictstrategy and a control one taught using the traditional method. Results revealed that there were statistically significantdifferences between the average scores of the experimental and the control groups in the achievement test and themisconception scale of sex education, favoring the experimental group. The study recommended holding trainingcourses, workshops, conferences and synopses for Science teachers and supervisors on the use of cognitive conflictstrategy.
An Interlanguage Study of Thai EFL Learners’ Apology
Authors: Chiravate Boonjeera
Published: April 2019

Although a number of interlanguage studies on apologies have been conducted, there has been no study of apologies among Thai EFL learners that differentiates between learners with high and low levels of exposure to the target language. This study, differentiating between learners with high and low levels of exposure to the target language, addresses two research questions: (i) What are the similarities and differences between perception of offense context of Thai EFL learners and native speakers of English? (ii) What are the similarities and differences between apology strategies used by Thai EFL learners and native speakers of English? Data for the analysis came from a questionnaire consisting of 12 scenarios eliciting different offense contexts. The participants were divided into four groups: native speakers of English (NEs), native speakers of Thai (NTs), Thai EFL learners with high exposure to the target language (TEHs) and Thai EFL learners with low exposure to the target language (TELs). The results revealed that due to the influence of cultural background, the learners’ perception of offense context was dissimilar to the NEs in certain respects. However, the investigation of apology strategies showed that compared to the TELs, the TEHs’ apology strategies tended to be less influenced by their cultural background and more similar to the NEs’. Providing support for levels of exposure to the target language, as individual differences vary in L2 pragmatic development, the study sheds light on pedagogical intervention that may enhance learners’ pragmatic competence.
The Degree of Practicing Distributed Leadership by Public Secondary School Principals in Amman Governorate and its Relation to Teachers’ Attitudes toward Work
Authors: Nukari Emilia M.
Published: April 2019

This study aimed at finding out the degree of practicing distributed leadership by public secondary school principals in Amman governorate and its relation to teachers’ attitudes toward work. The sample of the study consisted of (347) male and female teachers. They were chosen by using stratified random sample method. The descriptive correlational methodology was used. A questionnaire was used to collect data, after finding it validity and reliability. The findings of the study showed that the degree of practicing distributed leadership by public secondary school principals in Amman governorate from teachers’ point of view was low, The mean was (2.28) and a standard deviation of (0.23). The field of “vision, mission and goals” came in the first rank. Its mean was (2.31) and a standard deviation of (0.37). The field of leadership practices came in the final rank. The mean was (2.25) and a standard deviation of (0.35) and the level of teachers’ attitudes toward work was low too. There was a positive significant correlational relationship at (α ≤ 0.05) between the degree of practicing distributed leadership by public secondary school principals and the level of teachers’ attitudes toward work. The Pearson correlation coefficient value was (0.30).

The most important recommendations are: Conducting training courses on the distributed leadership of the principals of public secondary schools in Jordan. And that the Ministry of Education adopt the distributed leadership as a focal point in the evaluation process and the selection of school principals.
Constructing Hard Examples for Graph Isomorphism
Authors: Dawar Anuj , Khan Kashif
Published: April 2019

We describe a method for generating graphs that provide difficult
examples for practical Graph Isomorphism testers. We first give the
theoretical construction, showing that we can have a family of
graphs without any non-trivial automorphisms which also have high
Weisfeiler-Leman dimension. The construction is based on
properties of random 3XOR-formulas. We describe how to convert such
a formula into a graph which has the desired properties with high
probability. We validate the method by experimental
implementations. We construct random formulas and validate them
with a SAT solver to filter through suitable ones, and then convert
them into graphs. Experimental results demonstrate that the
resulting graphs do provide hard examples that match the hardest
known benchmarks for graph isomorphism.
Evaluation of the socially evaluated cold-pressor group test (SECPT-G) in the general population
Authors: Becker Linda , Schade Ursula , Rohleder Nicolas
Published: April 2019

Background. In stress research, economic instruments for introducing acute stress responses are needed. In this study, we investigated whether the socially evaluated cold-pressor group test (SECPT-G) induces salivary alpha-amylase and/or cortisol responses in the general population and whether it is associated with anthropometric, experimental, and lifestyle factors.

Methods. A total of 91 participants was recruited. Salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase levels were assessed prior (t0), immediately after (t1), and ten minutes after the SECPT-G (t2).

Results. A strong cortisol increase was found immediately after the SECPT-G, which further increased between t1 and t2. This was independent of most of the control variables. However, men showed stronger cortisol increases than women. No sAA responses were found at all.

Conclusions. We conclude that the SECPT-G is a good means of an acute stress test when cortisol – but not necessarily sAA – responses are intended.
Nutritional and antioxidant potential of rice flour enriched with kersting’s groundnut (Kerstingiella geocarpa) and lemon pomace
Authors: Awolu Olugbenga , A. Osigwe Magoh
Published: April 2019

This study was designed to enhance the nutritional quality, antioxidant properties and product utilization potentials of locally produced ‘Igbemo’ rice flour by adding Kersting’s groundnut and lemon pomace. Kersting’s groundnut is an underutilized legume while lemon pomace is a byproduct of lemon utilization; both meant to enhance the protein quality, antioxidant potential and fibre contents of the composite flour. The dependent variables were minerals composition, amino acid profile, antioxidants and antinutrients properties, in-vitro protein digestibility and in-vitro carbohydrate digestibility. The result showed that blends with higher lemon pomace of 10.00 g had the best calcium, iron, potassium and magnesium contents and antioxidant contents, while blends with highest Kersting’s groundnut (20.00 g) had the best zinc content. The anti-nutrients in the blends were generally low and safe for consumption. 
Night Vision
Authors: Deed Bron
Published: April 2019

This paper explores the poetics of death and dying using an imaginal approach. It focuses on an understanding of death, dying and palliative care within the framework of Arnold Mindell’s process-oriented psychology. It develops a mythopoetic weaving of ideas and images intended to invite reveries of death and dying that take us more deeply into a personal understanding of this liminal experience. The paper is illustrated with reference to poetry and myth, specifically the Greek myth of Orpheus and Eurydice, and offers an extended reverie from Eurydice’s perspective.
Waitara
E tahuri ana tēnei pepa ki te whakatau i ngā mōteatea tangi, kōwhekowheko hoki mā te ara pōhewa. Ka aronui ki te mātauranga hāngai ki te mate, whakamatemate me te mahi mirimiri e ai ki ngā whakahaere hātepe hinengaro a Arnold Mindel. Ka whaneke ake he rarangatanga whakaaro, whakaahua hai whakaputa i ngā wawata whakahōhonu ake i ngā aweko o te mate me te whakamatemate te huarahi e hōhonu ake ai te mātauranga o tēnei momo wheako. Ko ngā mōteatea me ngā pakiwaitara pūmau tonu atu ki te pakiwaitara Kiriki mō Orpheus rāua ko Eurydice te whakaaturanga whakamāramatanga o tēnei korero, ā, ka whakawhānuihia ake he whakaaro mai i te tirohanga a Eurydice.
Measured Decades
Authors: Williams Haare
Published: April 2019

Dr (h.c.) Haare Willliams reflects on well-being and ageing through the lens of eight and a half decades of lived experience and learning. He warms us to the theme of the New Zealand Association of Psychotherapists’ 2018 Conference, “e tipu ana ... as we grow …”, as he elucidates the influence on well-being of figural, personal, and world events, of social movements, of treasured relationships, of time — the influences which continue to shape being and well-being.WhakarāpopotongaHe whaiwhakaaro hauora, whaiwhakaaro koroheketanga tā Haare Wiremu mai i ngā karu o tētahi kua waru me te haurua ngahurutanga te koiora wheako whaiaro me te whakaemi mātauranga. Ko tāna he whakamahana i a tātau ki te kaupapa o te Wānanga o te tau 2018 a te Rōpū Kaiwhakaora Hinengaro o Aotearoa, “e tipu ana ...”, i a ia e whakamārama ana i te pānga ki te oranga ā-karetao, ā-whaiaro, kaupapa ā-ao, ngā whakanekenekehanga hāpori, ngā whanaungatanga puiaki, te haere o te wā — ngā whakaaweawe e hanga tonu nei i te koiora me te hau ora.
Ngā Tāpiritanga
Authors: Fleming Anna Hinehou
Published: April 2019

While Western attachment theory has tended to focus on the interpersonal attachments between people, indigenous Māori attachment perspectives have always included connections and relationships to aspects outside of the interpersonal domain. Collective, cultural and tikanga-based extrapersonal relationships are significant in Te Ao Māori and include connection to whānau/hapū/iwi (extended family and community groups), whenua (land and the natural world), and wairua (interconnection and spirituality). Alongside vital interpersonal relationships, these extrapersonal connections are substantial to the development of an indigenous Māori self which is well and supported within a holistic framework. This article explores the extrapersonal connections outlined above, their importance to Hauora Māori and implications for the practice of psychotherapy in Aotearoa New Zealand.WhakarāpopotongaI te wā e warea ana te arotahi kaupapa piripono a te Uru ki te piringa whaiaro tangata ki te tangata, ko tā te Māori tirohanga piripono he whakauru i ngā here ngā whanaungatanga ki ngā āhuatanga i tua atu i te ao whaiaro. He take nunui te whānau kohinga ahurea o te Ao Māori whakakaohia ki tēnei te here ā-whānau, ā-hāpū, ā-iwi (whānau whānui me ngā rōpū hāpori), te whenua, te taiao me te wairua (ngā taura here, te waiuratanga). I tua atu o ngā here whaiaro he wāhanga tino nui tō ēnei kohinga ahurea ki te whanaketanga o te mana motuhake o te tangata whenua Māori e ora ana e tautokohia ana e te papa whānui nei. E wherawhera ana tēnei tuhinga i ngā here whakawaho kua whakaarahia i runga ake nei, te hira o ēnei ki te Hauora Māori me ngā whakahīrau mō ngā mahi hauora hinengaro i Aotearoa.
Single‐Stimulus‐Induced Modulation of Multiple Optical Properties
Authors: Li Hai , Li Chaoran , Sun Wei , Wang Yuzhu , Hua Wenqiang , Liu Jingjing , Zhang Shumin , Chen Zhijie , Wang Shenghua , Wu Zhiyi , Zhu Qishan , Tang Rujun , Yu Jia , He Le , Ozin Geoffrey A. , Zhang Xiaohong
Published: April 2019

Stimuli‐responsive smart optical materials hold great promise for applications in active optics, display, sensing, energy conversion, military camouflage, and artificial intelligence. However, their applications are greatly restricted by the difficulty of tuning different optical properties within the same material, especially by a single stimulus. Here, magnetic modulations of multiple optical properties are demonstrated in a crystalline colloidal array (CCA) of magnetic nanorods. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering studies reveal that these nanorods form an unusual monoclinic crystal in concentrated suspensions. The CCA exhibits optical anisotropy in the form of a photonic bandgap and birefringence, thus enabling magnetic tuning of the structural color and transmittance at a rate of 50 Hz. As a proof‐of‐concept, it is further demonstrated that the fabrication of a multifunctional device for display, anticounterfeiting, and smart‐window applications based on this multiple magneto‐optical effect. The study not only provides a new model system for understanding colloidal assembly, but also opens up opportunities for new applications of smart optical materials for various purposes.
Phenothiazine‐Based Organic Catholyte for High‐Capacity and Long‐Life Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Zhang Changkun , Niu Zhihui , Peng Sangshan , Ding Yu , Zhang Leyuan , Guo Xuelin , Zhao Yu , Yu Guihua
Published: April 2019

Redox‐active organic materials have been considered as one of the most promising “green” candidates for aqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs) due to the natural abundance, structural diversity, and high tailorability. However, many reported organic molecules are employed in the anode, and molecules with highly reversible capacity for the cathode are limited. Here, a class of heteroaromatic phenothiazine derivatives is reported as promising positive materials for aqueous RFBs. Among these derivatives, methylene blue (MB) possesses high reversibility with extremely fast redox kinetics (electron‐transfer rate constant of 0.32 cm s−1), excellent stability in both neutral and reduced states, and high solubility in an acetic‐acid–water solvent, leading to a high reversible capacity of ≈71 Ah L−1. Symmetric RFBs based on MB electrolyte demonstrate remarkable stability with no capacity decay over 1200 cycles. Even concentrated MB catholyte (1.5 m) is still able to deliver stable capacity over hundreds of cycles in a full cell system. The impressive cell performance validates the practicability of MB for large‐scale electrical energy storage.
Generation of Monolayer MoS2 with 1T Phase by Spatial‐Confinement‐Induced Ultrathin PPy Anchoring for High‐Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Tian Yuyu , Song Xuefeng , Liu Jing , Zhao Liping , Zhang Peng , Gao Lian
Published: April 2019

Integrating with conducting polymer (CP) is one of the effective ways to enhance the capacitive properties for MoS2 except for the controllable preparation of ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets or appropriate phase. However, most of the MoS2/CP composites are synthesized by traditional chemical method, in which way the structural optimization of MoS2 is limited. Here, a facile electrochemical method is demonstrated to optimize MoS2 by spatial‐confinement‐induced polypyrrole (PPy) anchoring. Compared with MoS2/PPy (MP) nanocomposites synthesized by chemical method, the electrochemical prepared possesses a concomitant MoS2 monolayer, together with a transition from semiconductor phase (2H‐MoS2) to metallic phase (1T‐MoS2) during the PPy coating. Consequently, the resultant MP nanocomposite shows a remarkable capacitive performance with a high capacitance of 613 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. Meanwhile, it possesses a good rate capability that the specific capacitance retains 74%, as the current density is increased to 10 A g−1. The outstanding capacitive performance should be attributed to the existence of 1T‐MoS2 monolayer and ultrathin PPy layer as well as their effective contacts.
Cu‐Catalyzed Directed C7−H Imidation of Indolines via Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling
Authors: Raziullah  , Kumar Mohit , Kant Ruchir , Koley Dipankar
Published: April 2019

Cu(I)‐catalyzed C7−H imidation of indolines via cross‐dehydrogenative coupling is developed. The reaction involves C−H activation of indolines via six‐membered metallacycle and various imides were coupled with indolines, with a broad substrate scope, and functional groups tolerance. Only oxygen is required for the catalytic process. A reversible C−H bond metalation process has been observed in the preliminary mechanistic interrogation.

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Silver Oxalate: Mechanical Properties and Extreme Negative Mechanical Phenomena
Authors: Colmenero Francisco
Published: April 2019

The crystal structure and mechanical properties of silver oxalate, Ag2C2O4, are determined using first‐principles solid‐state methods. The set of calculated mechanical properties include the bulk modulus and its pressure derivatives, the Young and shear moduli, the Poisson's Ratio and the ductility, hardness, and anisotropy indices. Silver oxalate is a highly anisotropic brittle material possessing a small bulk modulus of ≈9.6 GPa. It displays the negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) phenomenon, the value of the lowest NPR having a very large magnitude, −1.27. Besides, it exhibits the most extreme form of the negative linear compressibility (NLC) phenomenon found to date. Silver oxalate displays anisotropic NLC for external pressures in the range −0.1 to −2.4 GPa directed along the [010] crystallographic direction and isotropic NLC for isotropic pressures in the range −0.51 to 13.4 GPa. The lowest value of the negative compressibility, −831.9 ± 10 TPa−1, is found for an isotropic pressure of −0.16 GPa. The absolute value of the computed lowest NLC is extremely large, about three times larger than the absolute value of the lowest NLC found so far. The NLC pressure range is also very wide, its width being more than two times the largest range found to date.
Electrochromic Smart Windows Can Achieve an Absolute Private State through Thermochromically Engineered Electrolyte
Authors: Wang Mi , Xing Xing , Perepichka Igor F. , Shi Yuhao , Zhou Deyun , Wu Peiheng , Meng Hong
Published: April 2019

Smart windows regulate the indoor solar radiation by adjusting their optical transmissive properties, offering an efficient way toward energy‐saving buildings, vehicles, etc. Electrochromism is one of the most promising solutions due to its simple control, versatile colors. Yet, electrochromics cannot give zero‐transmission through the whole visible range, leading to the windows that can always be looked through and limited for applications in the public sector. In this work, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) hydrogel, which undergoes temperature‐stimulated phase transition from a highly transparent state to a highly scattered zero‐transmission state through the whole visible range is used in the electrolyte of the electrochromic devices without affecting their electrochromic performance. It can be universally applied to inorganic and organic electrochromic devices, and the phase transition temperature can be easily tuned by the ion concentration. Therefore, apart from its ion conductive function, the electrolyte performs the chromatic transition function as well, allowing the electrochromic devices to achieve a zero‐transmissive, absolute “private” state. This chromatic engineering of the electrolyte can significantly broaden the industrial market of electrochromic smart window applications from public to private circumstances and bring much more flexibility in building façades design, which is a remarkable pavement for further industrial applications.
How Many Phosphoric Acid Units Are Required to Ensure Uniform Occlusion of Sterically Stabilized Nanoparticles within Calcite?
Authors: Douverne Marcel , Ning Yin , Tatani Aikaterini , Meldrum Fiona C. , Armes Steven P.
Published: April 2019

Polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) mediated by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization offers a platform technology for the efficient and versatile synthesis of well‐defined sterically stabilized block copolymer nanoparticles. Herein we synthesize a series of such nanoparticles with tunable anionic charge density within the stabilizer chains, which are prepared via statistical copolymerization of anionic 2‐(phosphonooxy)ethyl methacrylate (P) with non‐ionic glycerol monomethacrylate (G). Systematic variation of the P/G molar ratio enables elucidation of the minimum number of phosphate groups per copolymer chain required to promote nanoparticle occlusion within a model inorganic crystal (calcite). Moreover, the extent of nanoparticle occlusion correlates strongly with the phosphate content of the steric stabilizer chains. This study is the first to examine the effect of systemically varying the anionic charge density of nanoparticles on their occlusion efficiency and sheds new light on maximizing the loading of guest nanoparticles within calcite host crystals.
Biocompatible SuFEx Click Chemistry: Thionyl Tetrafluoride (SOF4)‐Derived Connective Hubs for Bioconjugation to DNA and Proteins
Authors: Liu Feng , Wang Hua , Li Suhua , Bare Grant A. L. , Chen Xuemin , Wang Chu , Moses John E. , Wu Peng , Sharpless K. Barry
Published: April 2019

We report here the development of a suite of biocompatible SuFEx transformations from the SOF4‐derived iminosulfur oxydifluoride hub in aqueous buffer conditions. These biocompatible SuFEx reactions of iminosulfur oxydifluorides (R‐N=SOF2) with primary amines give sulfamides (8 examples, up to 98 %), while the reaction with secondary amines furnish sulfuramidimidoyl fluoride products (8 examples, up to 97 %). Likewise, under mild buffered conditions, phenols react with the iminosulfur oxydifluorides (Ar‐N=SOF2) to produce sulfurofluoridoimidates (13 examples, up to 99 %), which can themselves be further modified by nucleophiles. These transformations open the potential for asymmetric and trisubstituted linkages projecting from the sulfur(VI) center, including versatile S−N and S−O connectivity (9 examples, up to 94 %). Finally, the SuFEx bioconjugation of iminosulfur oxydifluorides to amine‐tagged single‐stranded DNA and to BSA protein demonstrate the potential of SOF4‐derived SuFEx click chemistry in biological applications.
A General Treatment to Study Molecular Complexes Stabilized by Hydrogen‐, Halogen‐, and Carbon‐Bond Networks: Experiment and Theory of (CH2F2)n⋅⋅⋅(H2O)m
Authors: Calabrese Camilla , Li Weixing , Prampolini Giacomo , Evangelisti Luca , Uriarte Iciar , Cacelli Ivo , Melandri Sonia , Cocinero Emilio J.
Published: April 2019

Rotational spectra of several difluoromethane–water adducts have been observed using two broadband chirped‐pulse Fourier‐transform microwave (CP‐FTMW) spectrometers. The experimental structures of (CH2F2)⋅⋅⋅(H2O)2, (CH2F2)2⋅⋅⋅(H2O), (CH2F2)⋅⋅⋅(H2O)3, and (CH2F2)2⋅⋅⋅(H2O)2 were unambiguously identified with the aid of 18 isotopic substituted species. A subtle competition between hydrogen, halogen, and carbon bonds is observed and a detailed analysis was performed on the complex network of non‐covalent interactions which stabilize each cluster. The study shows that the combination of stabilizing contact networks is able to reinforce the interaction strength through a cooperative effect, which can lead to large stable oligomers.
Activation of a Non‐Heme FeIII‐OOH by a Second FeIII to Hydroxylate Strong C−H Bonds: Possible Implications for Soluble Methane Monooxygenase
Authors: Kal Subhasree , Que Lawrence
Published: April 2019

Non‐heme iron oxygenases contain either monoiron or diiron active sites, and the role of the second iron in the latter enzymes is a topic of particular interest, especially for soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO). Herein we report the activation of a non‐heme FeIII‐OOH intermediate in a synthetic monoiron system using FeIII(OTf)3 to form a high‐valent oxidant capable of effecting cyclohexane and benzene hydroxylation within seconds at −40 °C. Our results show that the second iron acts as a Lewis acid to activate the iron–hydroperoxo intermediate, leading to the formation of a powerful FeV=O oxidant—a possible role for the second iron in sMMO.
Parametric control to linear time‐varying systems based on dynamic compensator and multi‐objective optimization
Authors: Gu Da‐Ke , Zhang Da‐Wei , Duan Guang‐Ren
Published: April 2019

This paper investigates the parametric approach for linear time‐variant systems by using dynamic compensator and multi‐objective optimization. Based on the solution to a class of generalized Sylvester matrix equations, the generally completely parametrized expression of the dynamic compensator is established, meanwhile, the completely parametric forms of left and right closed‐loop eigenvectors and two groups of arbitrary parameters are obtained. With the proposed parametric approach, the closed‐loop system can be transformed into a linear time‐invariant one with expected eigenstructure. Simultaneously, it also considers a novel technique to multi‐objective optimization design for linear time‐varying systems. Multiple performance objectives, including the overall sensitivity function, H2 norm and H∞ norm, are formulated by two groups of arbitrary parameters. Based on these performance objectives, the robustness criteria is expressed by a comprehensive objective function which includes each performance objective weighted. By utilizing the degrees of freedom in parameters to optimize the comprehensive objective function, an optimized dynamic compensator can be obtained to satisfy the robustness criteria. Finally, an example of spacecraft rendezvous problem is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Stahlfaserbetonbauteile praxisgerecht berechnen, bemessen und optimieren
Authors: Look Katharina , Heek Peter , Mark Peter
Published: April 2019

Stahlfaserbetonbauteile benötigen gegenüber konventionellen Stahlbetonbauteilen besondere Methoden zur Dimensionierung. Lineare Schnittgrößenberechnungen sind meist wenig hilfreich, weil sie Tragreserven aus Umlagerungsmöglichkeiten deutlich unterschätzen. Materiell nichtlineare Berechnungen wie die Bruchlinientheorie bieten sich an. Für die Bemessung ist der aus der Faserwirkung additiv entstehende Zuganteil einzubeziehen, was gesonderte Ansätze und Verfahren zur Gleichgewichtsiteration erfordert. Die Fasertragwirkung wird dabei als Eingangswert über Leistungsklassen gewählt und nicht etwa wie bei klassischen Bemessungen als Ergebnis bestimmt. Es bleibt dann unklar, ob die a priori getroffene Wahl wirklich wirtschaftlich war. Der Beitrag stellt dazu eine gekoppelte Lösungsstrategie vor. Sie nutzt zunächst wirtschaftliche, nichtlineare Schnittgrößenermittlungen. Auf Querschnittsebene werden die Schnittgrößen zur Biege‐ und Querkraftbemessung von beliebig bewehrten Rechteckquerschnitten verwendet. Angeschlossen ist dabei auch die Rissbreitenbeschränkung. Letzter Schritt ist die rückwärtsgerichtete Optimierung der Faserklassen, welche die Leistungsklassen in Wertung der Bemessungsergebnisse auf tatsächlich nötige Größen reduziert. Das gekoppelte Verfahren ist in einem intuitiv nutzbaren Tabellenkalkulationsprogramm implementiert, welches zum freien Download zur Verfügung steht. Beispiele zeigen die Anwendung und Konsequenzen für die Praxis.
Deutschlandweit erstmalige Anwendung von UHPFRC im Eisenbahnbrückenbau
Authors: Schramm Nicholas , Fischer Oliver
Published: April 2019

Ultrahochfester faserbewehrter Beton (UHPFRC) zeichnet sich durch ein extrem dichtes Gefüge und sehr hohe Festigkeiten sowie exzellente Dauerhaftigkeitseigenschaften aus. Dadurch wird eine langlebige, materialsparende und gewichtsreduzierte, schlanke Bauweise realisierbar, die völlig neue Möglichkeiten und Einsatzbereiche im Fertigteil‐Brückenbau eröffnet. Im Zuge der Überbauerneuerung einer bestehenden Bahnbrücke konnte der Werkstoff nun in Deutschland erstmalig für eine Eisenbahnbrücke besonders zweckmäßig und vorteilhaft eingesetzt werden. Das Brückenbauwerk wurde als Fertigteil‐Plattenbrücke mit Trogquerschnitt in Spannbetonbauweise mit sehr geringer Konstruktionshöhe realisiert. Der vorliegende Teil 2 des Beitrags behandelt zum einen begleitende experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Rissbildung und zum Biegetragverhalten eines rein stahlfaserbewehrten Mock‐up des Brückenüberbaus. Zum anderen geht der Fachaufsatz auf die messtechnische Begleitung der Herstellung und des Betriebs ein. Hierbei wurden neben der Erfassung von Verlusten der Vorspannung und der Hydratationswärmeentwicklung unter anderem auch Bauwerksmessungen zur Ermittlung der realen Tragwerksantworten im Zuge von Probebelastungen mit definierten Achslasten durchgeführt.
Transcriptome and proteome analysis of steady‐state in a perfusion CHO cell culture process
Authors: Bertrand Vania , Karst Daniel J. , Bachmann Alessia , Cantalupo Katia , Soos Miroslav , Morbidelli Massimo
Published: April 2019

Long‐term continuous protein production can be reached by perfusion operation. Through the continuous removal of waste metabolites and supply of nutrients, steady‐state (SS) conditions are achieved after a certain transient period, where the conditions inside the reactor are not only uniform in space but also constant in time. Such stable conditions may have beneficial influences on the reduction of product heterogeneities. In this study, we investigated the impact of perfusion cultivation on the intracellular physiological state of a CHO cell line producing a monoclonal antibody (mAb) by global transcriptomics and proteomics. Despite stable viable cell density was maintained right from the beginning of the cultivation time, productivity decrease, and a transition phase for metabolites and product quality was observed before reaching SS conditions. These were traced back to three sources of transient behaviors being hydrodynamic flow rates, intracellular dynamics of gene expression as well as metabolism and cell line instability, superimposing each other. However, 99.4% of all transcripts and proteins reached SS during the first week or were at SS from the beginning. These results demonstrate that the stable extracellular conditions of perfusion lead to SS also of the cellular level.
Cell‐Penetrating Peptide Foldamers: Drug‐Delivery Tools
Authors: Oba Makoto
Published: April 2019

Highly efficient drug‐delivery tools for membrane‐impermeable compounds, proteins, and nucleic acids in living cells are useful in the fields of chemical biology and drug discovery, and such tools have been widely studied. One strategy in the development of novel drug‐delivery tools is to utilize cell‐penetrating peptide (CPP) foldamers. CPP foldamers are folded oligopeptides that possess cell membrane permeability. In recent decades, a wide variety of CPP foldamers have been reported by many groups. Herein, CPP foldamers are introduced and discussed from the viewpoints of component monomers (amino acids) and their application as drug‐delivery tools.
N‐Doped Hierarchical Porous Carbon Embedded Synergistic Bimetallic CoCu NPs with Unparalleled Catalytic Performance
Authors: Zhang Fengwei , Li Zhihong , Ma Chunlan , Han Xu , Dong Xue , Dong Zhengping , Zhang Xian‐Ming
Published: April 2019

By virtue of the structural diversity, electronic tunability and synergetic effect, heterogeneous non‐noble bimetallic catalysts have demonstrated excellent catalytic performance in Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis, biomass conversion and fine chemicals synthesis community. However, the feature of synergetic effect and formation mechanism of bimetallic CoCu NPs under carbothermal conditions still remain to be explored. Herein we report an efficient protocol for fabrication of a representative N‐doped hierarchical porous carbon embedding bimetallic CoCu NPs catalyst. Particularly, the prepared Co0.7Cu0.3@NHPC‐800 catalyst demonstrates unprecedented catalytic activity and chemoselectivity for various nitroaromatics under extremely mild condition (1 atm H2, 30 °C), which is superior to the existing non‐noble metal‐based catalytic systems. It also exhibits excellent activity for hydrolysis of ammonia borane in pure water at room temperature. Furthermore, the possible formation process of bimetallic NPs is firstly brought to light, which could be the key to the nature of CoCu synergistic effect as well as the resultant high activity and selectivity.
Hierarchically Pomegranate‐Like MnO@porous Carbon Microspheres as an Enhanced‐Capacity Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Gao Ming , Huang Shouji , Zhang Qi , Xu Guobao , Chen Zhuo , Xiao Yufeng , Yang Liwen , Cao Juexian , Wei Xiaolin
Published: April 2019

Transition‐metal oxides have attracted much attention as promising anode materials, owing to high theoretical specific capacity for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, rapid performance degradation derived from poor electrical conductivity and drastic volume changes during the repeated lithium insertion/extraction processes has limited their practical applications. In this work, we design and prepare pomegranate‐like microspheres of nano‐sized MnO particles with gaps among them as the core and porous carbon as the shell (designated as PCMS@MnO) by using a facile three‐step process. In such unique PCMS@MnO, the porous carbon shell from phenolic resin is beneficial for the electronic conductivity and wettability, whereas the nano‐sized MnO particles with gaps among them confined in the porous carbon shell can effectively prevent aggregation and pulverization of active materials. As an anode material for LIBs, the PCMS@MnO with a carbon content of about 12 wt % exhibits remarkably high reversible capability (935 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1), outstanding rate performance, and superior cycling stability (527 mAh g−1 of 2000 mA g−1 after 2000 cycles). Our results suggest a great potential of pomegranate‐like transition‐metal oxide‐based composites as anode materials in high‐performance LIBs.
DEGINTU – A Free Management System of Risk Evaluation in Science Education
Authors: Lüke Dennis , Friedrich Jens
Published: April 2019

Das Erstellen von Gefährdungsbeurteilungen, der Ersatzstoffprüfung sowie deren Dokumentation beim Experimentieren ist mit der RiSU 2003 für Lehrkräfte im naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht verpflichtend geworden. Im Beitrag wird die Online‐Datenbank DEGINTU vorgestellt, die eine Gefahrstoffdatenbank auf Basis der GESTIS‐Stoffdatenbank beinhaltet und eine Chemikalienverwaltung ermöglicht. Darüber hinaus lassen sich rechtskonforme Gefährdungsbeurteilungen kostenlos herunterladen. Die Erstellung einer Gefährdungsbeurteilung wird am Beispiel einer Hybrid‐Redox‐Flow‐Zelle aufgezeigt.
G‐SERF Editing in Two‐Dimensional Pure‐Shift Total Correlation Spectroscopy: Scalar Coupling Measurements for a Group of Spins in Organic Molecules
Authors: Rao Kakita Veera Mohana , Joshi Mamata V , Hosur Ramakrishna V
Published: April 2019

A novel G‐SERF‐PSYCHE‐TOCSY (gradient encoded selective refocusing in pure shift yielded by chirp excitation version of total correlation spectroscopy) NMR pulse scheme has been proposed, which produces TOCSY chemical shift correlations, on one hand, and scalar coupling values for the spins scalarly coupled to irradiated resonances, by showing them as doublets along the indirect dimension, on the other. Therefore, recording such an experiment, for a group of spins with overlapping chemical shifts, in organic molecules can adequately provide scalar coupling information in a G‐SERF manner along the indirect dimensions, and they can be assigned to particular spin pairs. Such COSY chemical shift correlations (which appear as doublets for the scalarly coupled spins) can be readily discriminated from the TOCSY peaks (which do not show such splitting) in the G‐SERF‐PSYCHE‐TOCSY spectrum.
Cosolvent and Crowding Effects on the Temperature‐ and Pressure‐Dependent Dissociation Process of the α/β‐Tubulin Heterodimer
Authors: Schummel Paul Hendrik , Anders Christian , Jaworek Michel W. , Winter Roland
Published: April 2019

The front cover artwork illustrates that by adjusting the level of natural cosolutes like TMAO, the deteriorating effect of deep‐sea hydrostatic pressures on tubulin association can be suppressed. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cphc.201900115.
Towards a better sensor data accuracy via quality of monitoring and semantic clustering
Authors: G. S. Campos Nidia , R. Rocha Atslands , G. Gomes Danielo
Published: April 2019

Semantic clustering organizes wireless sensor nodes in clusters to detect a relevant event for an application. These nodes send only a message reporting it to the sink node while the other nodes decrease their resource utilization to save energy. In this work, we enhance semantic clustering with quality of monitoring (QoM) attributes of the event detection probability with variance reduction or dissimilarity measure. This approach allows each node to evaluate the accuracy of detection and the correlation level of the data gathered locally and by its neighbors. Experiments in a WLAN and FIT/IoT‐Lab show QoM attributes improve the accuracy, especially in an extensive network where dissimilarity measure can keep it high independently of the cluster size. QoM also increases the sampling of these events by up to 60.7% while it decreases the number of messages sent to the sink between 13.1% and 32.9% without affecting the cluster formation or power consumption in almost all experiments.
Using molecular diet analysis to inform invasive species management: A case study of introduced rats consuming endemic New Zealand frogs
Authors: Egeter Bastian , Roe Cailín , Peixoto Sara , Puppo Pamela , Easton Luke J. , Pinto Joana , Bishop Phillip J. , Robertson Bruce C.
Published: April 2019

The decline of amphibians has been of international concern for more than two decades, and the global spread of introduced fauna is a major factor in this decline. Conservation management decisions to implement control of introduced fauna are often based on diet studies. One of the most common metrics to report in diet studies is Frequency of Occurrence (FO), but this can be difficult to interpret, as it does not include a temporal perspective. Here, we examine the potential for FO data derived from molecular diet analysis to inform invasive species management, using invasive ship rats (Rattus rattus) and endemic frogs (Leiopelma spp.) in New Zealand as a case study. Only two endemic frog species persist on the mainland. One of these, Leiopelma archeyi, is Critically Endangered (IUCN 2017) and ranked as the world's most evolutionarily distinct and globally endangered amphibian (EDGE, 2018). Ship rat stomach contents were collected by kill‐trapping and subjected to three methods of diet analysis (one morphological and two DNA‐based). A new primer pair was developed targeting all anuran species that exhibits good coverage, high taxonomic resolution, and reasonable specificity. Incorporating a temporal parameter allowed us to calculate the minimum number of ingestion events per rat per night, providing a more intuitive metric than the more commonly reported FO. We are not aware of other DNA‐based diet studies that have incorporated a temporal parameter into FO data. The usefulness of such a metric will depend on the study system, in particular the feeding ecology of the predator. Ship rats are consuming both species of native frogs present on mainland New Zealand, and this study provides the first detections of remains of these species in mammalian stomach contents.