bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breaking the Resource Curse: The Role of Natural Resource Funds
Authors: Adeleke Isaiah , Zubairu Umaru Mustapha
Published: April 2021

Studies have shown that the paradox of “the more resource-rich the poorer” otherwise known as “resource curse” has been prevalent in many countries endowed with natural resources. To mitigate this trend, a revenue management strategy called Natural Resource Funds (NRFs) - a government owned special-purpose vehicle to ensure effective management of the country’s natural wealth was embraced in some nations. This paper critically reviewed the roles of NRFs in breaking the resource curse. The Systematic Quantitative Assessment Technique (SQAT) was adopted in identifying and reviewing sixty-seven (67) peer reviewed journal articles that had researched on NRFs in the last decade. The findings were that NRFs have played an effective role in some advanced countries (Chile and China), while they have failed, especially in Africa, Middle East and Latin America due to poor institutional framework and governance. A globally set code of resource governance was recommended to strengthen the role of NRFs and enhance their effectiveness. Resource revenue maximization other than revenue utilization would be a good area for future research.
Determining Critical Yield Index of Area Yield Insurance based on Basis Risk Constraint
Authors: Sutomo Valantino Agus , Kusumaningrum Dian , Layvieda Aurellia , Anisa Rahma
Published: April 2021

Area yield index insurance at district level faces heterogeneous basis risk due to geographical conditions which implies to obtain unprecise critical index . Clustering and zone-based area yield scheme can reduce heterogeneous basis risk that leads to determine the suitable alternative for . On the previous research, we have obtained 7 clusters and 2 level of paddy productivity based on clustering assumption from primary data in Java. The suitable clustering assumption for calculating  is cluster based assumption, which gives the homogeneous paddy productivity under 7 clusters in Java. Therefore, our goal is to develop area yield index at district level (cluster based) with minimize basis risk at certain constraints for paddy farmer productivity in Java Indonesia. There are some methods for calculating  such as mean, median, winsor mean, one sigma, two sigma and  (first quartile) method on the basis risk constraints using confusion matrix. Furthermore, two basis risk constraints are the difference between overpayment and shortfall is not extremely far, and total basis risk does not exceed 20% of its total claim occurrence. Two sigma method has the lowest basis risk, overpayment, and shortfall, but it has lowest pure premium, small probability of claim, and low range of claim. Hence, we consider to use  (first quartile) method as alternative and suitable method to calculate  that satisfied two basis risk constraints. In conclusion, our research provides analytical calculation for area yield index at district level with pure premium as Rp 152,151 using  ( method), which is sufficient to cover the total claim and consistent with the simulation.
ARFIMA Modelling for Tectonic Earthquakes in The Maluku Region
Authors: Kondo Lembang Ferry , Sinay Lexy Janzen , Irfanullah Asrul
Published: April 2021

Maluku Province is one of the regions in Indonesia with a very active and very prone earthquake intensity because it is a meeting place for 3 (three) plates, namely the Eurasian, Pacific and Australian plates. In the last 100 years, the history of tectonic earthquakes with tsunamis that occurred in Indonesia was 25-30% occurring in the Maluku Sea and Banda Sea. Based on this fact, this study aims to analyze the incidence of tectonic earthquakes that occurred in the Maluku region and its surroundings using the Autoregressive Fractionally Integrated Moving Averages (ARFIMA) model which has the ability to explain long-term time series data (long memory). The results of the research data analysis show that the best model for predicting the number of tectonic earthquakes that occur in Maluku and its surroundings is ARFIMA (0; 0.712; 1) with an MSE value of 0.1156. Meanwhile, the best model for predicting the average magnitude of the number of tectonic earthquakes that occurred in Maluku and its surroundings is ARFIMA (0; -3,224 x 10-9; 1) with an MSE value of 0.01237. Based on the two best models, the prediction results obtained from the number of tectonic earthquakes and the average magnitude of the number of tectonic earthquakes that occurred in Maluku and its surroundings for the next three periods, namely the first period there were 31 tectonic earthquakes with an average magnitude of 4.38481 SR. the second period there were 32 tectonic earthquakes with an average magnitude of 4.38407, and the third period there were 32 tectonic earthquakes with an average magnitude of 4.38333.
The Model of Per-Capita Expenditure Figures in Sumatera Selatan uses a Geographically Weighted Panel Regression
Authors: Wati Dia Cahya , Azka Dea Alvionita , Utami Herni
Published: April 2021

The Geographically Weighted Panel Regression (GWPR) is a development of a global regression model where the basic idea is taken from a combination of panel data and GWR. The GWPR model is built from the point approach method, which is based on the position of the coordinates of latitude and longitude. The parameters for the regression model at each location will produce different values. GWPR can accommodate spatial effects, so that it can better explain the relationship between response variables and predictors. The purpose of this study is to compare the GWPR model with the Fixed Gaussian and Adaptive Bisquare weighting functions based on the AIC value. The data used in this study is secondary data taken from the website of the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in the form of Per-Capita Expenditure Figures in South Sumatra in 2013-2019. This research results that in the case of the Per-Capita Expenditure Rate (AP), it is better to use the GWPR method with a fixed gaussian weighting function in the modeling, where the resulting coefficient of determination is 95.81% rather than adaptive bisquare with a determination coefficient of 93.3%. The factors that influence the Per-Capita Expenditure Rate (AP) in South Sumatra on the fixed gaussian weighting are divided into 6 groups, while the adaptive bisquare is divided into 2 groups.
Adsorptive Removal of 2,4-Dichlorophenol from Aqueous Solution by Using Used Black Tea Leaves
Authors: Ahmed Nafees , Rahman Md. Ataur
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Bioadsorbents are drawing the attention of the environmental scientists in removing organic pollutants from aqueous solution because of their availability and low cost. In this research, adsorptive removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) onto used black tea leaves (UBTLs) as well as on sodium chlorite modified used black tea leaves (SCM-UBTLs) was investigated at different conditions. The value of pH was optimized at 2. Smaller particle size (50-100 mm) of both the adsorbents showed maximum removal of 2,4-DCP. However, SCM-UBTLs exhibited comparatively higher (54%) removal of DCP than unmodified used black tea leaves (UM-UBTLs) (40%) at similar conditions (pH, particle size and dose). Equilibrium attained within three hours for both the adsorbents of smaller particle size at pH 2. Adsorption follows the Ho’s pseudo-second-order kinetics rather than Lagergren pseudo-first- order for both the adsorbents. The experimental data was justified with the FTIR spectra of adsorbed and unadsorbed surfaces.
 
Resumen. Debido a su disponibilidad y bajo costo los bioadsorbentes están atrayendo la atención de los científicos ambientales para la eliminación de contaminantes orgánicos de soluciones acuosas. En esta investigación se analizó la eliminación, por adsorción, del 2,4-diclorofenol (2,4-DCP) en hojas de té negro usadas (UBTL), así como en hojas de té negro usadas tratadas con clorito de sodio (SCM-UBTL) bajo diferentes condiciones. El valor de pH se optimizó a 2. El tamaño de partícula más pequeño (50-100 µm), de ambos adsorbentes, mostró una eliminación máxima del 2,4-DCP. Sin embargo, los SCM-UBTL exhibieron una remoción de DCP comparativamente más alta (54%) que las hojas de té negro usadas sin modificar (UM-UBTL) (40%) en condiciones similares (pH, tamaño de partícula y dosis). El equilibrio se alcanzó en tres horas para ambos adsorbentes con el tamaño de partícula más pequeño a pH 2. La adsorción sigue la cinética de pseudo-segundo orden de Ho en lugar de la de pseudo-primer orden de Lagergren para ambos adsorbentes. Los datos experimentales se vieron apoyados con los espectros FTIR de superficies adsorbidas y no adsorbidas.
Synthesis of Novel Benzylic 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamides and their in vitro Activity Against Clinically Common Fungal Species
Authors: González-Calderón Davir , García-Monroy Ricardo , Ramírez-Villalva Alejandra , Mastachi-Loza Salvador , Aguirre-de Paz José G. , Fuentes-Benítes Aydee , González-Romero Carlos
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A library of novel benzylic 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamides (3a-m) were obtained with acceptable yields via a one-pot procedure. The series of compounds was screened for fungicidal activity and evaluated in vitro against four filamentous fungi and four Candida species. The former consisted of Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichosporon cutaneum, Rhizopus oryzae and Mucor hiemalis, and the latter C. krusei, C. albicans, C. utilis and C. glabrata. According to the in vitro assays, 3d and 3e were the most efficient fungicidal agents (of all the test compounds) against R. oryzae, even better than the reference drug (itraconazole). Thus, 3d and 3e represent important scaffolds that can be modified to increase antifungal activity. Additionally, they are candidates for complementary studies on the inhibition of clinical infections produced by Rhizopus spp. strains.
 
Resumen. Se obtuvo una librería de nuevos bencil 1,2,3-triazoles-4-carboxamidas (3a-m) con rendimientos aceptables mediante un procedimiento one-pot. La serie de compuestos se seleccionó para determinar la actividad fungicida llevando a cabo una evaluación in vitro contra cuatro hongos filamentosos y cuatro especies de Candida. Los primeros consistieron en Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichosporon cutaneum, Rhizopus oryzae y Mucor hiemalis, mientras que para las segundas especies, esta fueron C. krusei, C. albicans, C. utilis y C. glabrata. Según los ensayos in vitro, 3d y 3e fueron los agentes fungicidas más eficaces (de todos los compuestos de prueba) contra R. oryzae, incluso mejores que el fármaco de referencia (itraconazol). Por tanto, 3d y 3e representan importantes núcleos que podrían modificarse para aumentar la actividad antifúngica, siendo excelentes candidatos para estudios complementarios sobre la inhibición de infecciones clínicas producidas por Rhizopus spp.
Characteristics of the roles of mothers of children with intellectual disabilities as a basis for their individual therapy
Authors: BIALAS MARCIN
Published: April 2021

Background: ‪Women enjoy a variety of social roles during their lives. Among the commonly known ones, which include e.g. the roles of wives and mothers, there are also those that radically change the scenario of one’s past life. These include the role of mothers of children with intellectual disabilities. After all, the hardships associated with caring for them and with their upbringing, influence their mothers' perception of the world, change the existing family and professional social relations, determine the choice of values, and limit or block the goals set to date. It seemed interesting to the author of the study to recognise the roles of mothers of children with intellectual disabilities. Material and methods: ‪Their categorisation revealing the nature of a given role was possible owing to the conducted research. It was attended by 104 mothers of children with intellectual disabilities who answered a series of questions included in the interview questionnaires. A hermeneutical analysis of their answers made it possible to describe a given role in detail. Among these four can be distinguished which are conventionally defined as: «REBEL», «RATIONALIST», «SHAM» and «RESOURCEFUL». Results: ‪These roles are fundamentally different from each other, indicating the traits that characterise mothers bringing up children with intellectual disabilities. Identifying oneself with one of them may show both the desired features of the role played and indicate the destructive elements which negatively determine the course of their previous lives. Conclusions: ‪This is the basis for personalised therapy dedicated to mothers of children with intellectual disabilities.
GUARANTEES OF LEGALITY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ACTIVITY: FROM CONCEPT TO PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Tylchyk Vyacheslav , Tylchyk Olha
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the article is an attempt to consider guarantees of the legality of public administration through rethinking the existing system of appeal, taking into account the novelties of domestic science and practice, and the preconditions for the formation of administrative procedural law, in which the central place belongs to the category of “dispute in public relations”. The analysis of subsystems of dispute resolution through administrative proceedings and pre-trial appeals from the standpoint of efficiency and the dialectical connection is carried out. It is stated that to ensure the effectiveness of the generally accepted system of dispute resolution as a guarantee of legality, the activities of public administration entities today are the priority of absolutely all legal countries. Significant obstacles on gradual and systematic activities such as those caused by an acute exacerbation of social tension in society, external aggression, especially the development of legal doctrine and legislation that includes an ambiguous position. Today, most scholars agree that the issues of guarantees of the legality of public administration are directly related to the ability to present a model for appealing decisions, actions, inactions and determine its levels. Scientific support of the processes of formation of a legal and socially-oriented state is closely connected with the need to strengthen the methodological armament of legal science, its departure from outdated scientific dogmas, and the search for forms of manifestation and enforcement. The solution of the goal set in the publication is achieved using the cognitive potential of the system of philosophical, general scientific, and special methods. Analysis and synthesis allowed to determine the features of the concepts of “appeal” and “dispute” within the administrative appeal. Methods of review of grammar and interpretation of the law helped identify gaps and other shortcomings of legislation problems introducing mediation in the judicial administrative process as of alternative that will act as a separate stage of proceedings litigation, making suggestions for improvement. Practical implications. The formulated proposals for the development of legal support for appealing decisions, actions, the inaction of public administration, along with the functioning of administrative proceedings as a procedural form of administrative justice, acts as a guarantor of public administration in the relationship between citizen and state and is an integral part of this model.
Cantopop and Speech-Melody Complex
Authors: Li Edwin K. C.
Published: April 2021

It is generally accepted that speech and melody are distinctive perceptual categories, and that one is able to overcome perceptual ambiguity to categorize acoustic stimuli as either of the two. This article investigates native Cantonese speakers’ speech-melody experience of listening to Cantonese popular songs (henceforth Cantopop songs), a relatively uncharted territory in musicological studies. It proposes a speech-melody complex that embraces native Cantonese speakers’ experience of the potentialities of speech and melody before they come into being. Speech-melody complex, I argue, does not stably contain the categories of speech or melody in their full-blown, asserted form, but concerns the ongoingness of the process of categorial molding, which depends on how much contextual information the listeners value in shaping and parsing out the complex. It follows, then, that making a categorial assertion implies a breakthrough of the complex. I then complicate speech-melody complex with the concept of “anamorphosis,” borrowed from the visual arts, which calls into question the signification of the perceived object by perspectival distortion. When transferred to the sonic dimension, “anamorphic listening,” I suggest, is not about at which point a sonic object becomes “distorted” but is about one’s processual experience of negotiating the hermeneutic values in their differenthearing-ases. The listener engages, then, in the process of molding and remolding, creating and negating, the two enigmatic categories. Through my analysis of two Cantopop songs and interviews with native Cantonese speakers, I suggest that Cantopop may invite an anamorphic listening, and that more broadly, it is an important, yet under-explored, genre with which to theorize about the relationships between music and language.
The Mediation Role of E-Trust Towards Websites Quality and Satisfaction of E-Customers
Authors: SIDDIQI ZAIBUNNISA , NASIM SHAHZAD , SHAMSHIR MUSARRAT
Published: April 2021

Online purchasing is a valuable opportunity for the new generation in Pakistan. The use of the internet and smartphones is rapidly increasing day by day due to several reasons one of them is emergencies in COVID-19. However, recently the majority of consumers prefer the traditional way of purchasing goods and services instead of online shopping. Hence, numerous studies identified that there is a lack of trust and security in online shopping in the perception of customers. Therefore, the scholar aims to investigate the role of e-trust in the relationship between website quality and e-customer satisfaction in online shopping. The quantitative research technique, the judgmental sampling technique, and the adopted questionnaire are used for the data collection from e-consumer. The findings of the study indicated that through the mediating effect of e-trust, website quality has a significant impact on e-customer satisfaction. Besides, e-trust serves as a primary mediating factor between website quality and e-customer satisfaction. To satisfy the shopper in online purchasing through websites, the development of trust is the crucial factor because of cybercrimes that harm the e- consumers. Keywords: Website Quality, E-customer Trust, E-customer Satisfaction.
«Ma sono anche artisti». La casa Clerici di Asnago e Vender a Chiesa in Valmalenco, 1940-41
Authors: Poli Stefano
Published: April 2021

"This article investigates the critical fortune of the Clerici house, a small building
built by the architects Asnago and Vender in Chiesa, in Valmalenco, between 1940
and 1941.
Despite its location on the outskirts and its apparent remoteness, this type of architecture
immediately found the widespread favor of the public, rightly entering the
domain of emblematic modern architectures of that season, as well as of the personal
poetic of the authors.
The analysis of the house’s project filed for the application for planning permission
seeks to investigate the critical judgements expressed by the main critics of Asnago’s
and Vender’s work on the one hand, and to verify the possible influence of the
debate on the rural and alpine house in the first half on the 20th century and of the
technical and specialized public architecture between the 1930s and the 1950s on
the other. Finally, the peculiar poetic of the architects, eulogized in the project of the house, is illustrated through the comparison with other styles of architecture and with some furnishings by Asnago and Vender in the years prior to the construction of the Clerici
house."
La Rinascita. L’opera di Bruno Morassutti a San Martino di Castrozza nell’alveo del suo tempo
Authors:   Alessandro Colombo, Roberto De Biasi, Francesco Scullica
Published: April 2021

"The twin houses of San Martino di Castrozza constitute the beginning of an activity
that led Bruno Morassutti to engage with the Alpine theme throughout his activity:
at the beginning there were the two small, twin houses (1954-1957), then he moved
on to a large family holiday home (1957-1958), both with Angelo Mangiarotti, and
then he experimented with the “Fontanelle” in the 1960s. The traditional stylistic
features in the houses of San Martino find a balance, a grace and an elegance that,
over sixty years later, do not cease to convince. The restoration of San Martino is
measured in a balanced relationship between empty and full, in continuity with the
elements that characterize the alpine architecture and the wise use of the materials
offered by the territory: wood and stone. The two buildings, identical but individually
distinct, thanks to two simple movements of flanking and staggering, are characterized
by a solid stone masonry that draws two L-shaped walls. The masonry, strongly
anchored to the ground, is counterbalanced towards the valley by a large window
in wood and glass that spreads over two levels and guarantees lighting and direct
views of the surrounding landscape from the living area. The link with the rural architecture of the area is well summarized, in addition to the materials, by the typologically relevant elements including the traditional symmetrical pitched roof with
the structural warp in fir trunks. The roof, detached from the perimeter walls, is supported by wooden columns and partitions, a refined compositional choice that generates an unusual glass surface."
Is there an autochthonous “Tyrolean Modernism”?
Authors: Schlorhaufer Bettina
Published: April 2021

"This article examines, on the basis of two residential buildings by Franz Baumann,
the status of the postulate of an autochthonous “Tyrolean Modernism”.
Often mentioned together, five architects are among the main representatives of
classical modernism in the Austrian province of Tyrol: Clemens Holzmeister, Lois
Welzenbacher, Theodor Prachensky, Franz Baumann and Sigfried Mazagg.
Even if they did not form a close circle because of their life paths, there is a strong
link between them, mostly in their artistic background and their way of representing
architecture. Architecture was a detour from a first aim to pursue an artistic career
for all of them, with the exception of Welzenbacher.
Architects like Franz Baumann not only “modernized” well-known typologies, but
also regionalized elementary components of internationally widespread building
traditions.
The “Tyrolean Modernism” was repeatedly regarded as an “autochthonous” movement,
even if the regional scene was not detached at all from the international development.
The alpine environment, in particular, offered a framework of conditions
that challenged the architects to top performance. They were able to plan for locations that were uncharted territory in many respects: exposed in the mountains or
high mountain areas.
In this context, the architects of “Tyrolean Modernism” benefited from their painterly-
trained eye for the morphology of Alpine landscapes."
Modernità discreta: Loos costruisce in montagna
Authors: Ortelli Luca
Published: April 2021

"The country house that Adolf Loos designed for Paul Khuner in Payerbach represents
one of his most brilliant achievements, complementary to the more famous
Villa Müller in Prague. These two buildings, both completed in 1930, constitute a
sort of legacy summarizing Loos’ visions and architectural principles. The country
house is particularly significant in regard to the apparently contradictory relationship
between modernity and tradition. Furthermore, the building reveals a quieter
approach to the Raumplan, thanks to the adoption of a clear typological figure:
the double-height central space with an upper-level distribution gallery. In this work,
Loos applies the principles presented in his seminal text “Architecture”, where he
criticized the incapacity of a villa designed by an architect of integrating the idyllic
and peaceful character of a mountain valley. In this perspective, the Khuner house
was a unique occasion for Loos to build in a completely new context, far away from
the typical urban situations where he was accustomed to working.
The pitched roof, the wooden construction and the general shape of the building
are alien to Loos’ ideas. Nevertheless, they are so carefully defined and their integration
in the landscape is so calm that one could have the impression of looking at
a traditional mountain building. Upon careful observation, one discovers that many
elements do not correspond to a vernacular vocabulary, but rather produce a series
of slight dissimilarities that demonstrate how modernity can affirm its values in a
discreet way."
Social Networking Services as Informal Contexts for Foreign Language Learning
Authors: Torsani Simone
Published: April 2021

This article focuses on online informal learning contexts, namely social networks to which learners may resort for their linguistic needs. The distinguishing feature of such platforms is that content is neither provided by an educational institution, nor is it necessarily presented in a formal fashion. While research has extensively focused on the connection between technology and autonomy, the social aspect behind 2.0 tools has been partly neglected. Therefore, we argue that learner training, i.e. preparing language learners for autonomous language study through technology, should be partly rethought and include such skills as communicating in didactic interactions and evaluating information.
Impelemtasi Distribution Requrement Planning Dan Saving Matrixs Untuk Meminalisasi Biaya Distribusi
Authors: Adien Saputra Fazril
Published: April 2021

PT. XYZ is a limited liability company engaged in the pharmaceutical sector. PT. XYZ is the main distributor for the fast-growing pharmaceutical company ABC company. In the development of its products, this company still often experiences disruptions in distribution activities because of the intuitive route and distribution planning currently carried out using trial and error methods so that the company's distribution operational costs are correct with the company's distribution costs of Rp. 67,405,801 and the company mileage method of 1956 km. This study aims to minimize the time and costs incurred by the company in distributing its products. In this study, the comparison of the cost of storing and inventory using the DRP method and the company method leaves the saving method. This study indicates that using the DRP method can provide a saving and delivery cost of 73% with an amount of Rp. 48,873,021 and for the savings results using the Saving Matrix method shows that this method can optimize the distance by 0.13% with a total distance of 24 km from the previous company's distance and route.PT. XYZ merupakan perusahaan perseroan terbatas yang bergerak dibidang farmasi. PT. XYZ adalah distributor utama untuk perusahaan farmasi yang berkembang dengan pesat yaitu perusahaan ABC. Dalam mendistribusikan produknya, perusahaan ini masih sering mengalami keterlambatan dalam aktivitas distribusinya karena rute yang di tempuh hanya bersifat intuisi dan perencanaan distribusi yang dilakukan pada saat ini hanya menggunakan metode trial dan eror sehingga biaya operasional pendistribusian perusahaanÂ  menjadi kurang tepat dengan biaya distribusi perusahaan sebesar Rp.67.405.801 dan jarak tempuh metode perusahaan sebesar 1956 km. Tujuan di lakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk meminimalisasi waktu dan ongkos yang dikeluarkan oleh perusahaan dalam pendistribusian produknya. Dalam penelitian ini dibahas perbandingan biaya simpan dan persediaan mengunakan metode DRP dan metode perusahaan, kemudian menentukan penghematan jarak menggunakan metode saving matrix. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dengan menggunakan metode DRP dapat menghemat biaya simpan dan biaya pengiriminan sebesar 73% dengan jumlah Rp. 48.873.021 dan untuk hasil penghematan jarak menggunakan metode Saving Matrixs menunjukan bahwa metode tersebut dapat mengoptimalkan jarak sebesar 0,13% dengan jumlah jarak 24 km dari jarak dan rute perusahaan sebelumnya.Â
Sikap Tawadhu’ Siswa SMP terhadap Guru Pada Pondok Pesantren Tanwirul Afkar Dusun Wadang Tempel Kecamatan Krian Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Munir Mochammad Misbahul
Published: April 2021

Pondok pesantren merupakan lembaga yang tetap eksis sampai sekarang. Dan semakin berkembangnya zaman, ada beberapa pondok pesantren yang mendirikan satu yayasan dengan sekolah formal, baik tingkat SMP ataupun SMA sederajat. Di pondok pesantren atau di sekolah formal pasti para santri atau siswa diberikan gemblengan tentang bagaimana berakhlak mulia, salah satunya tawaduk. Peneliti melakukan penelitian pada siswa yang bersekolah formal dan bermukim di pondok pesantren Tanwirul Afkar dengan melakukan observasi dan wawancara kepada guru mengenai sikap tawaduk siswa di dalam kelas setiap harinya. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan: Pertama, menjelaskan apa saja bentuk dan pelaksanaan sikap tawaduk siswa SMP Tanwirul Afkar terhadap guru Krian Sidoarjo. Dan kedua, untuk menjelaskan faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi tawaduk siswa terhadap guru di SMP Tanwirul Afkar Krian Sidoarjo. Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan teori terjemahan kitab bidayatlÂ  hidayahÂ  yangÂ  dikarangÂ  oleh Imam Al-Ghazali. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi, sedangkan analisisnya meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sikap tawaduk siswa terhadap guru di SMP Tanwirul Afkar bermacam-macam. Apabila siswa melakukan kesalahan terhadap guru, ada yang menerima nasihat dan teguran tersebut, ada juga yang berani membangkang. Ketika kegiatan belajar di kelas berlangsung, kebanyakan siswa mendengarkan dan memperhatikan, tetapi ada juga yang berani berbicara sendiri bahkan keluyuran keluar masuk kelas. Pun ketika guru memerintahkan untuk mengerjakan tugas, ada siswa yang mengerjakan tugas dengan benar dan tepat waktu mengumpulkannya, mengerjakan tugas tetapi telat mengumpulkannya, bahkan tidak mengerjakan tugas dan mengumpulkannya. Perbedaan tersebut dikarenakan 3 faktor, yaitu faktor lingkungan masyarakat yang ditempati, faktor kepribadianÂ  guruÂ  padaÂ  saat mengajar dikelas, dan faktor pengetahuan siswa tentang pentingnya mencari ilmu.
Jalan Damai Sufi Nusantara : Gagasan Dan Karya Wali Songo, Hamzah Fansuri, & Syamsuddin As-Sumatrani Bagi Perdamaian
Authors: Hutagalung Boydo Rajiv
Published: April 2021

This article discusses on how the thoughts or dakwah’s methods of some Islam figures in the past, which we can call them as Nusantara’s Sufis. According to the writer’s perspective, the dakwah’s methods of Nusantara’s Sufis contributes positively for harmony, tolerance, and peace. Some of them are: The Wali Songo, Hamzah Fansuri, and Syamsuddin As-Sumatrani. Their thought and and their spirituality can be categorized as Social Tasawuf which is not only oriented in verticalistic spirituality but also to bring harmony, peace, and acceptance to culture.
ANALISIS YURIDIS NORMATIF TERHADAP PERJANJIAN HUTANG PIUTANG
Authors: Zulaiha Habibah
Published: April 2021

Credit agreement with fiduciary guarantee is not a guarantee based on the law, but is born because it must be agreed in advance between the bank as the creditor with the customer as the debtor. The purpose of this study is to know the Normative JuridicalAnalysis to Against Debt Agreement On BFI FINANCE KEDIRI.

The focus of attention in the issue of fiduciary security is if the debtor is defaulted. In the contract law if the debtor does not fulfill the contents of the agreement or does not do the things that have been agreed, then the debtor has defaulted with all legal consequences. Law Number 42 Year 1999 on Fiduciary Guarantee does not recognize the term of default, but uses the term Promise Injury

 

AbstrakPerjanjian kredit dengan jaminan fidusia bukan merupakan hak jaminan yang lahir berdasarkan undang-undang, melainkan lahir karena harus diperjanjikan terlebih dahulu antar bank selaku kreditur dengan nasabah selaku debitur. Tujuan Penelitian Iniadalah mengetahui Analisis Yuridis Normatif Terhadap Perjanjian Hutang Piutang Pada BFI FINANCE KEDIRI.

Fokus perhatian dalam masalah jaminan fidusia adalah apabila debitur wanprestasi. Dalam hukum perjanjian apabila debitur tidak memenuhi isi perjanjian atau tidak melakukan hal-hal yang telah diperjanjikan, maka debitur tersebut telah wanprestasi dengan segala akibat hukumnya. Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 1999 tentang Jaminan Fidusia tidak mengenal istilah wanprestasi, melainkan menggunakan istilah Cidera Janji.

Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian Yuridis Normatif. Pada metode ini bahwa didasarkan pertimbangan spesialisasi penelitiannya termasuk deskriptif analisis yaitu memaparkan pembahasan-pembahasan kajian untuk mendapatkan kepastian hukum yang terkait dengan perjanjian hutang piutang antara perusahaan pembiayaan dengan nasabahnya, dihubungkan dengan peraturan perundangan dan praktek hukum perdata dan fidusia.

Pemerintah telah mengeluarkan kebijakan dengan memberikan perlindungan dan kepastian hukum bagi konsumen melalui Undang-Undang No.8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Beberapa hal yang penting dalam perlindungan konsumen tercantum dalam pasal-pasal dari undang-undang ini.

Saran bagi masyarakat pelaksanaan perjanjian fidusia sebaiknya di baca terlebih dahulu isi perjanjiannya seperti apa, konsumen harus pandai memilih perusahaan pembiayaan yg sesuai prosedur atau malah sebaliknya. Sekiranya dapat dipahami dengan sebenar-benarnya agar tidak terjadi kesalahan persepsi yang dapat merugikan masyarakat karena kesalahan dalam mengambil suatu keputusan.

Kata Kunci: Perjanjian Fidusia, UU Perlindungan Konsumen
KARTU KREDIT SYARIAH DAN POLA HIDUP KONSUMTIF
Authors: Mutafarida Binti
Published: April 2021

Abstract
People's lifestyle can change according to the development of mindset as well as the existing culture. These conditions encourage the banking world in product development to meet the needs of these communities. One of the products adopted by sharia bank is credit card, DSN MUI has issued its fatwa number 54 / DSN / - MUI / X / 2006 for this product with agreement of kafalah, qard and ijarah. This product of sharia credit card is called in sharia bank with name of sharia card. In addition to allowing the sharia card fatwa DSN also provides limits on the use of this magic card.Keywords: sharia card, credit card, sharia bank.
Abstrak
Pola hidup masyarakat dapat berubah sesuai dengan perkembangan pola pikir dan juga budaya yang ada. Kondisi ini mendorong dunia perbankan dalam pengembangan produk untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat tersebut. Salah satu produk yang diadopsi oleh bank syariah adalah kartu kredit, DSN MUI telah mengeluarkan fatwanya nomor 54/DSN/-MUI/X/2006 untuk produk ini dengan akad kafalah, qard dan ijarah. Produk kartu kredit syariah ini disebut dalam bank syariah dengan nama shariah card. Selain memperbolehkan adanya shariah card fatwa DSN juga memberikan batasan dalam penggunaan kartu sakti ini.Kata Kunci : shariah card, kartu kredit, bank syariah.
Administrative Warnings
Authors: Marks Ansel R. , Izquierdo Maria L. , Williams Elyse
Published: April 2021

The Administrative Warning is a process utilized extensively in New York State, pursuant to PHL §230, for the resolution of cases where there is substandard medical practice of a minor or technical nature that does not rise to the level of misconduct under the law. These warnings have been effective in alerting and educating practitioners without being public or disciplinary in nature. The New York State Board for Professional Medical Conduct has recognized the value of administrative warnings and increasingly recommends them as a vehicle for informing physicians and physician assistants of practice problems. The recidivism rate appears to be low for those who have been given warnings.
Alpha-1 Acid Glycoprotein as a Biomarker for Subclinical Illness and Altered Drug Binding in Rats
Authors: Boyle Catherine A , Coatney Robert W , Wickham Alexandra , Mukherjee Suman K , Meunier LaVonne D
Published: April 2021

Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) is a significant drug binding acute phase protein that is present in rats. AGP levels are known to increase during tissue injury, cancer and infection. Accordingly, when determining effective drug ranges and toxicity limits, consideration of drug binding
to AGP is essential. However, AGP levels have not been well established during subclinical infections. The goal of this study was to establish a subclinical infection model in rats using AGP as a biomarker. This information could enhance health surveillance, aid in outlier identification,
and provide more informed characterization of drug candidates. An initial study (n = 57) was conducted to evaluate AGP in response to various concentrations of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in Sprague–Dawley rats with or without implants of catheter material. A model
validation study (n = 16) was then conducted using propranolol. Rats received vehicle control or S. aureus and when indicated, received oral propranolol (10 mg/kg). Health assessment and blood collection for measurement of plasma AGP or propranolol were performed over time (days).
A dose response study showed that plasma AGP was elevated on day 2 in rats inoculated with S. aureus at 106, 107 or, 108 CFU regardless of implant status. Furthermore, AGP levels remained elevated on day 4 in rats inoculated with 107 or 108
CFUs of S. aureus. In contrast, significant increases in AGP were not detected in rats treated with vehicle or 103 CFU S. aureus. In the validation study, robust elevations in plasma AGP were detected on days 2 and 4 in S. aureus infected rats with or without
propranolol. The AUC levels for propranolol on days 2 and 4 were 493 ± 44 h × ng/mL and 334 ± 54 h × ng/mL, respectively), whereas in noninfected rats that received only propranolol, levels were 38 ± 11 h × ng/mL and 76 ± 16. h × ng/mL, respectively.
The high correlation between plasma propranolol and AGP demonstrated a direct impact of AGP on drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The results indicate that AGP is a reliable biomarker in this model of subclinical infection and should be considered for accurate data interpretation.
Megalitik Di Situbondo Dan Pengaruh Hindu Di Jawa Timur
Authors: Prasetyo Bagyo
Published: April 2021

Menyimak kronologi perkembangan budaya megalitik di Situbondo terlihat bahwa paling tidak pada sekitar abad 5 (sesuai dengan pertanggalan karbon) bahkan ada kemungkinan jauh sebelumnya, bahwa tradisi megalitik telah mengakar dan terus berkembang jauh kemudian sampai abad ke 15 M atau mungkin lebih setelah runtuhnya kerajaan dengan ciri Hindu (Majapahit) di wilayah Jawa Timur. Megalitik sebagai suatu tradisi dan kepercayaan asli bangsa Indonesia tampaknya tidak mudah digeser oleh pengaruh agama dari luar (asing). Pada umumnya pengaruh agama asing hanya melekat pada masyarakat dalam lingkungan istana atau masyarakat yang termasuk dalam jangkauan tampuk pemerintahan, sedangkan bagi masyarakat yang ada di luar tidak terpengaruh oleh unsur-unsur tersebut. Kalau diperhatikan secara seksama tampaknya masyarakat pendukung tradisi megalitik selalu membangun komunitas yang cukup luas.
Kawasan Karst Tuban: Salah Satu Sisa Kehidupan Manusia Masa Lalu
Authors: Triwurjani R.r.
Published: April 2021

Dari data yang ada dapat dijelaskan bahwa kawasan Karst Tuban khususnya Kecamatan Semanding, Montong, Plumpang dan Rengel pernah berperan bagi kehidupan manusia masa lalu, keberlangsungan hidup manusia penghuni gua-gua tersebut ditunjang oleh sumberdaya alam sekitarnya yang terdiri dari dataran dan laut. Hal yang terakhir dibuktikan dengan adanya temuan sisa-sisa kerang. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa daerah Tuban kaya akan tinggalan arkeologis meskipun temuan-temuan yang ada banyak terdiri dari temuan lepas, tersebar tidak merata di wilayah ini. Hal ini sebagian besar disebabkan oleh penambangan gamping secara besar-besaran dan berlangsung dalam waktu yang cukup lama.
Sumberdaya Batuan Dan Pemanfaatannya Pada Beberapa Situs Megalitik Di Kawasan Jember
Authors: Intan Fadhlan S.
Published: April 2021

Kawasan Jember, merupakan suatu wilayah yang sangat tepat untuk dijadikan sebagai suatu lokasi pemukiman megalitik. Hal ini didukung dengan kondisi geologi yang secara umum sangat menunjang. Sumberdaya alam (batuan, air) yang melimpah, telah dimanfaatkan secara optimal oleh masyarakat megalitik di kawasan Jember. Masyarakat megalitik Jember telah menerapkan konsep adaptasi dalam mempertahankan kehidupannya.
Fungsi Situs Tutari, Irian Jaya : Tinjauan Aspek Simbolik
Authors: Sunarningsih Nfn.
Published: April 2021

Pada dasarnya Situs Bukit Tutari ini merupakan situs pemujaan/upacara. Hal yang dipuja di bukit ini adalah berhubungan dengan tokoh-tokoh yang mereka anggap mempunyai kekuatan hidup, yaitu tokoh kepala perang dan orang-orang yang meninggal karena perang. Dengan perantaraan orang-orang tersebut diharapkan mereka nantinya dapat mencapai dunia nenek moyang yang mereka idamkan. Tempat dimana hanya ada kebahagiaan yang abadi. Sebagai objek pemujaan, mereka mendirikan menhir, batu berjajar, batu temugelang, dan lukisan batu.
Exploring The Attitudes Towards Patients Diagnosed With Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) -A Qualitative Study Of Nurses At The National Referral Hospital, Bhutan
Authors: Chozom Sangay , Neuhann Florian , Krahl Wolfgang
Published: April 2021

Background: The kind of attitude expressed by the nurses may have significant effect on the recovery process of the patient and on their decision to avail treatment. It is anticipated that by exploring the attitudes of the nurses towards AUD patients and understanding the factors which influences these attitudes, more effective interventions can be developed to provide help and support to this group of patient and also to the nurses in being effective and appropriate in responding to the needs of this group of patient.Purpose: The study was conducted to explore the prevailing attitudes of nurses towards AUD patients, and to further explore the factors influencing these attitudes.Methods: A total of fifteen nurses from Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hosiptal were recruited based on convenience and purposive sampling techniques. Qualitative approach was employed by means of conducting face to face in-depth interviews using open ended questions. The qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis method.Results: The findings from the study suggest that possessing adequate knowledge on alcohol and addiction, being regularly engaged with AUD patients or having few years of experience working with AUD patients were some of the factors which resulted in more positive attitudes among the nurses. On the contrary, insufficient skills and knowledge related to alcohol addiction and exhibition of aggressive behaviour by the patients could cause negative feelings and ultimately lead to negative attitudes.Conclusion: Therefore, it is of paramount importance that a curriculum on alcohol addiction is introduced in diploma and degree nursing courses offered in Bhutan.
Preterm Infants’ Weight Gain and Nutrition: Retrospective Study in a Top Indonesian Referral Hospital
Authors: Irianti Dewi , Rustina Yeni , Efendi Defi
Published: April 2021

Background: Impairment of nutritional fulfillment is one of the problems that is often encountered in premature infants. Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of the type of nutrition on the weight increase of premature babies.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted through a medical record review in a top national referral hospital, Indonesia. Total of 75 preterm infants divided into groups of 15 infants by nutrition type (100% BM, 75% BM, 50% BM, 25% BM, and 0% BM). Weight gain was assessed for 12 days through the patients’ medical records. Weighing observation was devided into four times: birth weight in day-1, day-4, day-8, and day-12. Subjects were recruited using consecutive sampling with the following criteria: preterm infants with chronological age > 7 days and weight > 1000 grams. Meanwhile, the exclusion criteria were preterm infants treated in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), preterm infants with medical diagnosis of hydrocephalus, sepsis, and congenital anomalies, conjoined twin babies. The general linear model-repeated measure was used to quantify the contrast of increases in infants’ body weight among groups for days 1-4; 4-8; and 8-12. Results: There were no significant differences between the five types of nutrients in terms of increase in the infants’ body weight in day 1-4 (p > 0,68); day 4-8 (p > 0,65); day 8-12 (p > 0,12). Conclusion: Although it not likely to accelerate the infant’s weight, mother’s own milk is still the first recommendation due to its immunity components, nutritional elements, and safety.
Numerical Simulation of Water Distribution with Uptake Root in Drip Irrigation using Different Soil Hydraulic Models
Authors: Faraj Israa Saad , Abid Maysoon Basheer
Published: April 2021

Surface drip irrigation is one of the most conservative irrigation techniques that help control providing water directly on the soil through the emitters. It can supply fertilizer and providing water directly to plant roots by drippers. One of the essential needs for trickle irrigation nowadays is to obtain more knowledge about the moisture pattern under the trickling source for various types of soil with various discharge levels with trickle irrigation. Simulation numerical using HYDRUS-2D software, version 2.04 was used to estimate an equation for the wetted area from a single surface drip irrigation in unsaturated soil is taking into account water uptake by roots. In this paper, using two soil types were used, namely sandy loam and clay loam, with three types of plants; (corn, tomato, and sweet sorghum). The soil wetting pattern was analyzed each half an hour for three hours of irrigation time and three initial soil moisture content. Equations for wetted radius and wetted depth were predicted and evaluated by utilizing the statistical parameters for the different hydraulic soil models (Model Efficiency (EF) and Root Mean Squares Error (RMSE)). The values RMSE does not exceed 0.40 cm, and EF is greater than 0.96 for all types of soil. These values were between the values obtained from program  HYDRUS-2D and the values obtained from formulas. This shows that evolved formula can be utilized to describe the soil wetting pattern from the surface drip irrigation system. The relative error for the different hydraulic soil models was calculated and compared with Brooks and Corey's model, 1964. There was good agreement compared with different models. RMSE was 0.23 cm, while the relative error -1% and 1 for EF for wetted radius.