bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A pilot study to estimate the population size of endangered Galápagos marine iguanas using drones
Authors: Varela-Jaramillo Andrea , Rivas-Torres Gonzalo , Guayasamin Juan M. , Steinfartz Sebastian , MacLeod Amy
Published: January 2023

Background

Large-scale species monitoring remains a significant conservation challenge. Given the ongoing biodiversity crisis, the need for reliable and efficient methods has never been greater. Drone-based techniques have much to offer in this regard: they allow access to otherwise unreachable areas and enable the rapid collection of non-invasive field data. Herein, we describe the development of a drone-based method for the estimation of population size in Galápagos marine iguanas, Amblyrhynchus cristatus. As a large-bodied lizard that occurs in open coastal terrain, this endemic species is an ideal candidate for drone surveys. Almost all Amblyrhynchus subspecies are Endangered or Critically Endangered according to the IUCN yet since several colonies are inaccessible by foot, ground- based methods are unable to address the critical need for better census data. In order to establish a drone-based approach to estimate population size of marine iguanas, we surveyed in January 2021 four colonies on three focal islands (San Cristobal, Santa Fe and Espanola) using three techniques: simple counts (the standard method currently used by conservation managers), capture mark-resight (CMR), and drone-based counts. The surveys were performed within a 4-day window under similar ambient conditions. We then compared the approaches in terms of feasibility, outcome and effort.

Results

The highest population-size estimates were obtained using CMR, and drone-based counts were on average 14% closer to CMR estimates—and 17–35% higher—than those obtained by simple counts. In terms of field-time, drone-surveys can be faster than simple counts, but image analyses were highly time consuming.

Conclusion

Though CMR likely produces superior estimates, it cannot be performed in most cases due to lack of access and knowledge regarding colonies. Drone-based surveys outperformed ground-based simple counts in terms of outcome and this approach is therefore suitable for use across the range of the species. Moreover, the aerial approach is currently the only credible solution for accessing and surveying marine iguanas at highly remote colonies. The application of citizen science and other aids such as machine learning will alleviate the issue regarding time needed to analyze the images.
Prevalence of depression and anxiety, and their relationship to social support among patients and family caregivers of rare bone diseases
Authors: Lai Xuefeng , Jiang Yuling , Sun Yue , Zhang Zhijun , Wang Shengfeng
Published: January 2023

Background

Rare bone diseases (RBDs) are a set of inherited rare diseases that can cause disability and have a devastating impact on families affected, which may lead to a particular high prevalence of psychological disorders in patients and caregivers. Social support plays a role in the well-being of families with rare disease patients, but its effect on psychology of RBD families remains unclear. The purpose of the current cross-sectional quantitative study was to investigate the frequency of depression and anxiety, and their relationship with social support among RBD patients and family caregivers.

Results

A total of 196 participants responded to the questionnaire, including 72 patients and 124 caregivers. Depression was detected among 33.8% of patients and 57% of caregivers, and anxiety disorder was presented in 28.6% of patients and 50% of caregivers. Higher depression scores and anxiety scores were found in both patients and caregivers with an education level of ≤ middle school and monthly income of ≤ ￥2000 (all P < 0.05). The mean (SD) scores of Social Support Rating Scales in patients and caregivers were 37.06 (8.05) and 38.31 (5.76), respectively. After adjusting for gender, age, monthly income, education, employment and marital status, the reverse associations between depression scores, anxiety scores and social support were found merely in caregivers (depression & social support: β = − 0. 46, P < 0.001, anxiety & social support: β = − 0. 44, P < 0.001), specifically for subjective support (depression & subjective support: β = − 0.94, P < 0.001, anxiety & subjective support: β = − 0.87, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The study identified a high prevalence of depression and anxiety among RBD patients and caregivers, and pointed out the significance of social support in alleviating psychological distress. In order to provide RBD families with comprehensive assistance, the government should actively develop programs aimed at psychological aid, policy advocacy and tangible support.
Intracellular IFN-γ and IL-4 levels of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in the peripheral blood of naturally infected (Leishmania infantum) symptomatic dogs before and following a 4-week treatment with miltefosine and allopurinol: a double-blinded, controlled and cross-sectional study
Authors: Matralis Dimitrios T. , Koutinas Alexander F. , Papadogiannaki Ioanna E. , Papadopoulos Elias G. , Papadogiannakis Emmanouil I.
Published: January 2023

Background

Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a systemic disease caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum with a wide spectrum of clinical signs, with cutaneous, ocular, renal and lymphoreactive conditions prevailing in the clinical setting. The immune system plays a pivotal role in the evolution of Leishmania infection and its response to antileishmanial treatment. Cytokines are important immune response mediators that are released by activated lymphocytes and less so by other immunocytes. In dogs with leishmaniosis, IFN-γ and IL-4 have been recognized as the main activators of cellular and humoral immunity, respectively. The objective of this study was to investigate intracellular IL-4 and IFN-γ expression by CD4 + and CD8 + lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of symptomatic dogs before and after combined antileishmanial treatment with miltefosine and allopurinol.

Results

Postantileishmanial treatment CD4 + IL-4 + and CD8 + IL-4 + cell counts were significantly decreased, although no similar changes were observed in the comparisons made between the pre- and posttreatment CD4 + IFN-γ + and CD8 + IFN-γ + counts and ratios.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that IL-4 production by T cells may facilitate the symptomatic phase of CanL, whereas IFN-γ production by CD4 + and CD8 + cells may indicate its negligible role in the evolution of natural CanL and perhaps the equivocal positive influence of antileishmanial treatment.
The synergistic and enhancive effects of IL-6 and M-CSF to expand and differentiate functional dendritic cells from human monocytes under serum-free condition
Authors: Yao Chao-Ling , Tseng Tsung-Yu
Published: January 2023

Background

Dendritic cells (DCs) are differentiated from monocytes, and have a strong ability to perform phagocytosis, present antigens and activate T cell immune response. Therefore, DCs are one of the key factors in fighting cancer in immunotherapy, and it is an important issue to develop a serum-free system for DC differentiation and expansion in vitro for clinical application.

Results

In this study, IL-6 and M-CSF were determined and a concentration combination of cytokines was optimized to develop an optimal DC serum-free differentiation medium (SF-DC Optimal) that can effectively differentiate CD14+ monocytes into CD40+CD209+ DCs. After differentiation, the morphology, growth kinetics, surface antigen expression, phagocytosis ability, cytokine secretion, mixed lymphocyte reaction and stimulation for maturation of the differentiated DCs were checked and confirmed. Importantly, this research is the first report finding that the addition an extra low concentration of IL-6 and M-CSF exhibited a synergistic effect with GM-CSF and IL-4 to generate higher numbers and more fully functional DCs than the addition of GM-CSF and IL-4 only under serum-free condition.

Conclusion

A large number of functional DCs can be generated by using SF-DC Optimal medium and provide an alternative source of DCs for related basic research and clinical applications.
Aβ42 treatment of the brain side reduced the level of flotillin from endothelial cells on the blood side via FGF-2 signaling in a blood–brain barrier model
Authors: Nakamura Tomohisa , Hashita Tadahiro , Chen Yuxin , Gao Yuan , Sun Yang , Islam Sadequl , Sato Hiroyuki , Shibuya Yasuyuki , Zou Kun , Matsunaga Tamihide , Michikawa Makoto
Published: January 2023

Our previous study showed that the flotillin level is decreased in the blood of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) when compared to that of patients with non-AD and vascular dementia; however, the molecular mechanism remains to be determined. In this study, to elucidate whether Aβ accumulation in the brain has an effect on the blood flotillin level, we used our previously established blood–brain barrier (BBB) culture model using microvascular endothelial cells obtained from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iBMECs) and astrocytes prepared from rat cortex. In this BBB model with iBMECs plated on the upper compartment (blood side) and astrocytes plated on the lower compartment (brain side), the trans-endothelial electrical resistance values are high (over 1500 Ωm2) and stable during experiments. We found that the addition of Aβ42 (0.5 and 2 µM) to the brain side significantly reduced the level of flotillin secreted by iBMECs on the blood side. The level of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) in the brain side was significantly reduced by Aβ42 treatment, and was accompanied by a reduction in the level of phosphorylation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor in iBMECs. The brain-side Aβ42 treatment-induced reduction of flotillin secretion into the blood side was restored in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of FGF-2 into the brain side. These results indicated that Aβ accumulation in the brain side reduced FGF-2 release from astrocytes, which attenuated FGF-2-mediated iBMECs signaling via the FGF-2 receptor, and thereby reduced flotillin secretion from iBMECs on the blood side. Our findings revealed a novel signaling pathway crossing the BBB from the brain side to the blood side, which is different from the classical intramural periarterial drainage or lymphatic-system-to-blood pathway.
Retraction Note: ANGPTL4 functions as an oncogene through regulation of the ETV5/CDH5/AKT/MMP9 axis to promote angiogenesis in ovarian cancer
Authors: Liu Yinping , Yang Rui , Zhang Yan , Zhu Yaping , Bao Wei
Published: January 2023

This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-022-01060-7.
Association of physical activity with physical function and quality of life in people with hip and knee osteoarthritis: longitudinal analysis of a population-based cohort
Authors: Lopes David G. , Costa Daniela , Cruz Eduardo B. , Mendonça Nuno , Henriques Ana Rita , Branco Jaime , Canhão Helena , Rodrigues Ana M.
Published: January 2023

Hip and knee osteoarthritis (HKOA) is a chronic disease characterized by joint pain that leads to reduced physical function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). At present, no cure is available. Clinical trials indicate that people with HKOA benefit from physical activity in several health-related outcomes. However, few studies have evaluated the long-term positive effect of regular physical activity. This study analyzed participants with HKOA from a nationwide population-based cohort (EpiDoC Cohort) to assess the impact of physical activity on patients’ physical function and HRQoL over a long-term follow-up. The regular weekly frequency of intentional physical activity was self-reported as non-frequent (0 times/week), frequent (1–2 times/week), or very frequent (≥ 3 times/week). This study followed 1086 participants over a mean period of 4.7 ± 3.4 years, during which 6.3% and 14.9% of participants reported frequent and very frequent physical activity, respectively. Using linear mixed models, we found that frequent (β =  − 0.101 [− 0.187, − 0.016]; β = 0.039 [− 0.002, 0.080]) and very frequent physical activity (β =  − 0.061 [− 0.118, − 0.004]; β = 0.057 [0.029, 0.084]) were associated with improved physical function and HRQoL over time, respectively, when compared with non-frequent exercise, adjusting for years to baseline, sex, age, years of education, body mass index, multimorbidity, hospitalizations, clinical severity, and unmanageable pain levels. These findings raise awareness of the importance of maintaining exercise/physical activity long term to optimize HRQoL and physical function. Further studies must address barriers and facilitators to improve the adoption of regular physical activity among citizens with HKOA.
Development and validation of a four-dimensional registration technique for DCE breast MRI
Authors: Mattusch Chiara , Bick Ulrich , Michallek Florian
Published: January 2023

Background

Patient motion can degrade image quality of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) due to subtraction artifacts. By objectively and subjectively assessing the impact of principal component analysis (PCA)-based registration on pretreatment DCE-MRIs of breast cancer patients, we aim to validate four-dimensional registration for DCE breast MRI.

Results

After applying a four-dimensional, PCA-based registration algorithm to 154 pretreatment DCE-MRIs of histopathologically well-described breast cancer patients, we quantitatively determined image quality in unregistered and registered images. For subjective assessment, we ranked motion severity in a clinical reading setting according to four motion categories (0: no motion, 1: mild motion, 2: moderate motion, 3: severe motion with nondiagnostic image quality). The median of images with either moderate or severe motion (median category 2, IQR 0) was reassigned to motion category 1 (IQR 0) after registration. Motion category and motion reduction by registration were correlated (Spearman’s rho: 0.83, p < 0.001). For objective assessment, we performed perfusion model fitting using the extended Tofts model and calculated its volume transfer coefficient Ktrans as surrogate parameter for motion artifacts. Mean Ktrans decreased from 0.103 (± 0.077) before registration to 0.097 (± 0.070) after registration (p < 0.001). Uncertainty in perfusion quantification was reduced by 7.4% after registration (± 15.5, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Four-dimensional, PCA-based image registration improves image quality of breast DCE-MRI by correcting for motion artifacts in subtraction images and reduces uncertainty in quantitative perfusion modeling. The improvement is most pronounced when moderate-to-severe motion artifacts are present.
The association between acute brucellosis with a Guillain–Barré syndrome-like presentation: a case report
Authors: Doya Leen Jamel , Haidar Ibrahim , Sakkour Souad
Published: January 2023

Background

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Gram-negative bacteria. It has variable manifestations (gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, skeletal). Neurobrucellosis may develop at any stage of the disease (acute, subacute, and chronic phases) and affects the central and peripheral nervous systems. Acute peripheral neuropathy mimicking Guillain–Barré syndrome caused by brucellosis is rarely reported: only four cases in children were found in the literature review.

Case presentation

We report a case of a 4-year-old Syrian boy who presented with fever, weakness of lower limbs, backache, and fatigue. The patient lived in a brucellosis endemic area. A physical examination including a neurological examination showed mild paresthesia and muscle weakness. He had a stiff neck with Kernig’s sign with an absence of deep tendon reflexes in the lower extremities. Proprioception in the lower extremities was impaired, but he did not have any sensory problems. Abdominal cutaneous reflexes were absent. Brucellosis and Guillain–Barré syndrome were found in laboratory investigations and on electroneurogram (ENG). The patient was treated with sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim, rifampicin, gentamicin, and dexamethasone, with an improvement.

Conclusion

This case demonstrates a rare case of brucellosis neurologic manifestation. Brucellosis should be kept in mind in all patients with acute paralysis, especially in those who live in endemic areas.
DHAV 3CD targets IRF7 and RIG-I proteins to block the type I interferon upstream signaling pathway
Authors: Xia Xiaoyan , Cheng Anchun , Wang Mingshu , Ou Xumin , Sun Di , Zhang Shaqiu , Mao Sai , Yang Qiao , Tian Bin , Wu Ying , Huang Juan , Gao Qun , Jia Renyong , Chen Shun , Liu Mafeng , Zhao Xin-Xin , Zhu Dekang , Yu Yanling , Zhang Ling
Published: January 2023

Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) is an acute, highly lethal infectious agent that infects ducklings and causes up to 95% mortality in ducklings up to 1 week of age, posing a significant economic threat to the duck farming industry. Previous studies have found that the proteolytic enzyme 3 C encoded by DHAV-1 can inhibit the IRF7 protein from blocking the upstream signaling pathway of the type I interferon to promote viral replication. However, there are still few studies on the mechanism of DHAV-1 in immune evasion. Here, we demonstrate that the DHAV-1 3CD protein can interact with IRF7 protein and reduce IRF7 protein expression without directly affecting IRF7 protein nuclear translocation. Further studies showed that the 3CD protein could reduce the expression of RIG-I protein without affecting its transcription level. Furthermore, we found that the 3CD protein interacted with the N-terminal structural domain of RIG-I protein, interfered with the interaction between RIG-I and MAVS, and degraded RIG-I protein through the proteasomal degradation pathway, thereby inhibiting its mediated antiviral innate immunity to promote DHAV-1 replication. These data suggest a novel immune evasion mechanism of DHAV-1 mediated by the 3CD protein, and the results of this experiment are expected to improve the understanding of the biological functions of the viral precursor protein and provide scientific data to elucidate the mechanism of DHAV-1 infection and pathogenesis.
Stability of some generalized fractional differential equations in the sense of Ulam–Hyers–Rassias
Authors: Makhlouf Abdellatif Ben , El-hady El-sayed , Arfaoui Hassen , Boulaaras Salah , Mchiri Lassaad
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of fractional differential equations (FDEs) by using the fixed-point theory (FPT). We discuss also the Ulam–Hyers–Rassias (UHR) stability of some generalized FDEs according to some classical mathematical techniques and the FPT. Finally, two illustrative examples are presented to show the validity of our results.
Optimizing the use of temporal artery biopsy: A retrospective study
Authors: Villeneuve Etienne , Lacroix Jean-Michel , Brisebois Simon
Published: January 2023

Background

Giant cell arteritis is an inflammatory disease of the large- and medium-sized vessels. It is the most common primary vasculitis, with lifetime incidences of 0.5% and 1% in men and women, respectively. Its diagnosis is based upon clinical criteria, which may include temporal artery biopsy. Expected positivity rates of temporal artery biopsies and patient selection remain controversial topics in the literature.

Methods

A cross-sectional retrospective study of 127 patients referred for temporal artery biopsy with a diagnosis of suspected giant cell arteritis between January 2014 and December 2018 was performed. The primary outcome was the positivity rate. The relationships between positivity rates, symptoms, clinical suspicion, biopsy delay, biopsy length and corticosteroid treatment were also studied.

Results

A positivity rate of 23.7% (16.6–32.6%) was shown, along with a significant association between jaw claudication and specimen positivity (odds ratio 8.1, p < 0.05). Moreover, there were significant associations between a high initial clinical suspicion of disease and specimen positivity ( p < 0.05), as well as a high initial clinical suspicion of disease and pursuit of corticosteroid treatment following biopsy results, regardless of positivity ( p < 0.05). The duration of corticosteroid treatment prior to biopsy was not associated with a change in positivity rate.

Conclusions

The positivity rate of temporal artery biopsy was 23.7%. Treatment of patients with negative temporal artery biopsy was associated with maintenance of corticosteroid treatment when the initial clinical suspicion of arteritis was high. Therefore, temporal artery biopsy may not be necessary for patients with a high initial clinical suspicion of giant cell arteritis.

Graphical Abstract
Molecular signatures of inherited and acquired sporadic late onset nemaline myopathies
Authors: Nicolau Stefan , Dasgupta Aneesha , Dasari Surendra , Charlesworth M. Cristine , Johnson Kenneth L. , Pandey Akhilesh , Doles Jason D. , Milone Margherita
Published: January 2023

Acquired sporadic late onset nemaline myopathy (SLONM) and inherited nemaline myopathy (iNM) both feature accumulation of nemaline rods in muscle fibers. Unlike iNM, SLONM is amenable to therapy. The distinction between these disorders is therefore crucial when the diagnosis remains ambiguous after initial investigations. We sought to identify biomarkers facilitating this distinction and to investigate the pathophysiology of nemaline rod formation in these different disorders. Twenty-two muscle samples from patients affected by SLONM or iNM underwent quantitative histological analysis, laser capture microdissection for proteomic analysis of nemaline rod areas and rod-free areas, and transcriptomic analysis. In all iNM samples, nemaline rods were found in subsarcolemmal or central aggregates, whereas they were diffusely distributed within muscle fibers in most SLONM samples. In SLONM, muscle fibers harboring nemaline rods were smaller than those without rods. Necrotic fibers, increased endomysial connective tissue, and atrophic fibers filled with nemaline rods were more common in SLONM. Proteomic analysis detected differentially expressed proteins between nemaline rod areas and rod-free areas, as well as between SLONM and iNM. These differentially expressed proteins implicated immune, structural, metabolic, and cellular processes in disease pathophysiology. Notably, immunoglobulin overexpression with accumulation in nemaline rod areas was detected in SLONM. Transcriptomic analysis corroborated proteomic findings and further revealed substantial gene expression differences between SLONM and iNM. Overall, we identified unique pathological and molecular signatures associated with SLONM and iNM, suggesting distinct underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. These findings represent a step towards enhanced diagnostic tools and towards development of treatments for SLONM.
The influence of anisotropic electrical resistivity on surface magnetotelluric responses and the design of two new anisotropic inversions
Authors: Thongyoy Wisart , Siripunvaraporn Weerachai , Rung-Arunwan Tawat , Amatyakul Puwis
Published: January 2023

Using the 3-D axial anisotropy, the dipping anisotropy, and the azimuthal anisotropy as case studies, we investigated the influence of each anisotropic resistivity element on the magnetotelluric surface responses. To justify the strong and weak influence and edge effect, we have introduced the influence indices for the impedance components, and the edge effect indices for the tipper components. Interestingly, for decoupled modes, we found that $${\rho }_{xx}$$

ρ

xx

has a strong influence on Zxy, Zyy, and Ty, while $${\rho }_{yy}$$

ρ

yy

strongly affects Zyx, Zxx, and Tx. The three elements $${\rho }_{zz}$$

ρ

zz

, $${\rho }_{xz}$$

ρ

xz

, and $${\rho }_{yz}$$

ρ

yz

have only a very weak influence on all types of responses. For the coupled mode, $${\rho }_{xx}$$

ρ

xx

, $${\rho }_{yy}$$

ρ

yy

, and $${\rho }_{xy}$$

ρ

xy

display a strong influence on all responses. Based on our studies on the influence of the anisotropic resistivity elements, we design and propose two practical processes to replace the conventional axial, dipping, azimuthal, and general anisotropic inversions. First, the axial or dipping inversion can be approximately decoupled into $${\rho }_{x}$$

ρ
x

-mode and $${\rho }_{y}$$

ρ
y

-mode inversions. The decoupled mode inversions can be performed either independently and in parallel, or as a joint inversion. Second, since the three resistivity elements always show a weak influence, the general anisotropic inversion can be simplified to just the reduced coupled azimuthal anisotropic inversion with only three resistivity elements as outputs. Both proposed techniques can save a lot of the computational resources. Criteria to choose either the decoupled or coupled modes depend greatly on the magnitudes and distributions of the Zxx and/or Zyy, and Tx and/or Ty responses.

Graphical Abstract
In situ repair of segmental loss posterior lateral meniscal root tears outperforms meniscofemoral ligament imbrication in the ACL reconstructed knee
Authors: Seiter Max , Douglass Brenton W. , Brady Alex W. , Dornan Grant J. , Brown Justin R. , Hackett Thomas R.
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical effect of in‐situ repair of posterior lateral meniscal root (PLMR) tear with segmental meniscal loss, with and without meniscofemoral ligament (MFL) imbrication, on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft force and knee joint kinematics.

Methods

Ten fresh‐frozen cadaveric knee specimens underwent kinematic evaluation in five states: 1) Native, 2) ACLR, 3) Segmental PLMR loss, 4) In‐situ PLMR repair, and 5) MFL augmentation. Kinematic evaluation consisted of five tests, each performed at full extension and at 30° of flexion: 1) Anterior drawer, 2) Internal Rotation, 3) External Rotation, 4) Varus, and 5) Valgus. Additionally, a simulated pivot shift test was performed. Knee kinematics and ACL graft force were measured.

Results

PLMR tear did not significantly increase ACL graft force in any test. However, PLMR repair significantly reduced ACL graft force compared to the ACLR alone (over constraint ‐26.6 N, p = 0.001). PLMR tear significantly increased ATT during the pivot shift test (+ 2.7 mm, p = 0.0001), and PLMR repair restored native laxity. MFL augmentation did not improve the mechanics.

Conclusions

In‐situ PLMR repair eliminated pivot shift laxity through ATT and reduced force on the ACL graft, indicating that this procedure may be ACL graft‐protective. MFL augmentation was not shown to have any effect on graft force or knee kinematics and untreated PLMR tears may place an ACL graft at higher risk. This study suggests concomitant repair to minimize additional forces on the ACL graft.
A case of mesenteric venous thrombosis complicating appendiceal diverticulitis
Authors: Ichikawa Jun , Toda Kosuke , Fujita Haruku , Hirai Kenjiro , Ohe Hidenori , Yamamoto Hidekazu
Published: January 2023

Background

Mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) and appendiceal diverticulitis are rare diseases. There has been no previous report on MVT complicating appendiceal diverticulitis. Herein, we report the first case of MVT complicating appendiceal diverticulitis.

Case presentation

A 70-year-old male patient with right lower abdominal pain presented to our hospital. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) suggested MVT complicating appendiceal diverticulitis. Initially, we started conservative treatment with antibacterial drugs, but on the 2nd hospital day his general condition deteriorated due to sepsis that seemed to be caused by appendiceal diverticulitis. Therefore, we performed laparoscopic appendectomy. Histopathological findings of the specimen showed appendiceal diverticulitis. After the operation, he gradually improved. He was discharged on the 30th hospital day.

Conclusions

We report a successfully treated case of MVT complicating appendiceal diverticulitis by surgical intervention. This is the first case of MVT complicating appendiceal diverticulitis.
Investigating the accuracy of mandibulectomy and reconstructive surgery using 3D customized implants and surgical guides in a rabbit model
Authors: Kim Min Keun , Ham Min Ji , Kim Won Rae , Kim Hyung Giun , Kwon Kwang Jun , Kim Seong Gon , Park Young Wook
Published: January 2023

Background

This study aimed to analyze the accuracy of the output of three-dimensional (3D) customized surgical guides and titanium implants in a rabbit model, and of mandibulectomy, reconstructive surgery, and surgical outcome; additionally, the correlation between surgical accuracy and surgical outcomes, including the differences in surgical outcome according to surgical accuracy, was analyzed.

Results

The output of implants was accurately implemented within the error range (− 0.03–0.03 mm), and the surgical accuracy varied depending on the measured area (range − 0.4–1.1 mm). Regarding surgical outcomes, angle between the mandibular lower borders showed the most sensitive results and distance between the lingual cusps of the first molars represented the most accurate outcomes. A significant correlation was noted between surgical accuracy in the anteroposterior length of the upper borders pre- and postoperatively and the angle between the mandibular lower borders (regression coefficient = 0.491, p = 0.028). In the group wherein surgery was performed more accurately, the angle between the mandibular lower borders was reproduced more accurately (p = 0.021). A selective laser melting machine accurately printed the implants as designed. Considering the positive correlation among surgical accuracy in the mandibular upper borders, angle between the mandibular lower borders, and more accurately reproduced angle between the mandibular lower borders, the angle between the mandibular lower borders is considered a good indicator for evaluating the outcomes of reconstructive surgery.

Conclusion

To reduce errors in surgical outcomes, it is necessary to devise a positioner for the surgical guide and design a 3D surgical guide to constantly maintain the direction of bone resection. A fixed area considering the concept of three-point fixation should be selected for stable positioning of the implant; in some cases, bilateral cortical bone fixation should be considered. The angle between the mandibular lower borders is a sensitive indicator for evaluating the outcomes of reconstructive surgery.
The role of implicit social bias on holistic processing of out-group faces
Authors: Chen Wei , Kassa Mahlet T. , Cheung Olivia S.
Published: January 2023

Although faces of in-group members are generally thought to be processed holistically, there are mixed findings on whether holistic processing remains robust for faces of out-group members and what factors contribute to holistic processing of out-group faces. This study examined how implicit social bias, experience with out-group members, and ability to process in-group faces holistically might predict the magnitude of holistic processing for faces of two out-groups: other-race and other-age groups. In Experiment 1, Caucasian participants viewed Caucasian (own-race) and East Asian (other-race) faces. In Experiment 2, young adult participants viewed young adult (own-age) and baby (other-age) faces. Each participant completed a composite task with in-group and out-group faces, an implicit association test, and questionnaires about their experience with in-group and out-group members. We found that while the participants had relatively extensive experience with the other-race group, they had limited experience with the other-age group. Nonetheless, implicit social bias was found to positively predict the magnitude of holistic processing for both other-race and other-age faces. Exploratory analyses on the interactions among the predictors suggest that the effect of implicit social bias was primarily observed in participants with strong holistic processing ability of in-group faces but with low level of experience with members of the out-groups. These findings suggest that observers utilize different kinds of information when processing out-group faces, and that social features, such as race or age, are incorporated to influence how out-group faces are processed efficiently.
Reasons withholding intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke in an Indonesian Tertiary Center
Authors: Situmeang Rocksy Fransisca V. , Pangestu Aristo , Stevano Reza , Tannu Yesenia , Herlambang Jessica , Putri Cynthia
Published: January 2023

Background

Intravenous thrombolysis is the current therapy of choice in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). While highly effective, the rate at which the procedure is employed is low. Studies evaluating the causes withholding thrombolytic treatment in developing nations remain scarce. We aim to determine the factors withholding thrombolytic treatment in AIS patients.

Methods

This is a retrospective study of AIS patients at Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village, Indonesia, in a 10-month period between April 2019 to February 2020. Patient data were collected from the medical records.

Results

One hundred and forty-five cases of AIS were found within a 10-month period (April 2019 to February 2020). Thrombolysis was performed in 6.90% of all patients with AIS (21.28% when adjusted for eligible patients with onset ≤ 4.5 h). Prehospital delay exceeding 4.5 h was the most common cause of withholding thrombolytic treatment (68.28% of patients present above 4.5 h or with unknown onset). Among patients presenting ≤ 4.5 h, causes withholding thrombolysis include clinical improvement (35.14%), mild non-disabling symptoms (32.43%), patient/family refusal (18.92%), extensive infarction (5.41%), seizures at onset (2.7%), as well as history of acute bleeding diathesis (2.7%) and gastrointestinal bleeding (2.7%).

Conclusions

Prehospital delay constitutes the primary obstacle toward receiving thrombolytic therapy for AIS, especially in developing countries. Among patients with onset below 4.5 h, other notable causes include clinical improvement, mild non-disabling symptoms, and patient/family refusal. Of note, the rate of patient/family refusal in our study was much higher compared to previous findings, which may reflect possible socio-economic, communication, or educational issues.
Combined four neurovascular compression syndromes: the first case report and literature review
Authors: Anukoolwittaya Prakit , Hiransuthikul Akarin , Thanprasertsuk Sekh , Phanthumchinda Kammant
Published: January 2023

Background

Neurovascular compression syndromes (NVCs) are cranial nerve syndromes caused by direct contact or compression of vascular structures on the cranial nerves at the root exit/entry zone. Cases of combined NVCs are extremely rare.

Case

We reported the first case of a 41-year-old woman with combined four NVCs presenting with left hemifacial spasm followed by simultaneous left glossopharyngeal neuralgia, left type-writer tinnitus and vestibular paroxysmia due to the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery compression at the root exit/entry of the left facial, vestibulocochlear and glossopharyngeal nerves. All the symptoms resolved immediately after microvascular decompression without recurrence in a period of follow-up for one year. In addition, we presented a literature review of combined three or more NVCs.

Conclusion

We discussed the hypothesis of combined three or more NVCs development, especially the central hyperactivity of the cranial nerve nuclei mechanism.
A review of literature on Compound 21-loaded gelatin nanoparticle: a promising nose-to-brain therapy for multi-infarct dementia
Authors: de Liyis Bryan Gervais , Sutedja Jane Carissa , Kesuma Putu Mas Isyundra , Liyis Sulaiman , Widyadharma I. Putu Eka
Published: January 2023

Multi-infarct dementia (MID) is described as a chronic progressive decline in cortical cognitive function due to the occurrence of multiple infarcts in the cerebral vascularization throughout the gray and white matter. Current therapies of MID mostly focus only on slowing down MID progression and symptomatic medications. A novel therapy which is able to provide both preventive and curative properties for MID is of high interest. The purpose of this review is to identify the potential of Compound 21 (C21) gelatin nanoparticle through the nose-to-brain route as therapy for MID. C21, an angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) agonist, has shown to reduce the size of cerebral infarct in rodent models, resulting in the preservation and improvement of overall cognitive function and prevention of secondary neurodegenerative effects. It is also shown that C21 decreases neuronal apoptosis, improves damaged axons, and encourage synapse development. The challenge remains in preventing systemic AT2R activation and increasing its low oral bioavailability which can be overcome through nose-to-brain administration of C21. Nose-to-brain drug delivery of C21 significantly increases drug efficiency and limits C21 exposure in order to specifically target the multiple infarcts located in the cerebral cortex. Adhering C21 onto gelatin nanoparticles may enable longer contact time with the olfactory and the trigeminal nerve endings, increasing the potency of C21. In summary, treatment of C21 gelatin nanoparticle through nose-to-brain delivery shows high potential as therapy for vascular dementia. However, clinical trials must be further studied in order to test the safety and efficacy of C21.
Governing wildfire in a global change context: lessons from water management in the Netherlands
Authors: Lambrechts Hugo A. , Paparrizos Spyridon , Brongersma Robijn , Kroeze Carolien , Ludwig Fulco , Stoof Cathelijne R.
Published: January 2023

Background

Wildfire management is increasingly shifting from firefighting to wildfire prevention aiming at disaster risk reduction. This implies fuel and landscape management and engagement with stakeholders. This transition is comparable to the history of water management in the Netherlands, which shifted from fighting against water to flood risk reduction and living with water. Here, we draw lessons from water management for integrated fire management that are useful for society, agencies, and government. To this end, we review the literature on integrated and adaptive water management in the Netherlands.

Results

Based on the results, we argue that (1) a holistic and integrated approach, (2) adaptive management, and (3) resilient landscapes through stakeholder participation are necessary to improve the resilience against and prevention of wildfires within integrated fire management.

Conclusion

To make society more resilient to wildfires and shift to a greater focus on prevention within disaster risk reduction, there is a need to take a more long-term perspective and include a wider range of stakeholders to develop new wildfire policies. Integrated fire management should facilitate and promote community initiatives to implement fire risk reduction measures in different landscapes and the wildland urban interface (WUI) including the use of nature-based solutions. Inspired by the successes in Dutch water management, fire management needs greater participation of stakeholders and collaboration between stakeholders to share responsibility and knowledge to make wildfire prevention more attractive and implementable by society, landowners, civil protection, and policymakers.
Effect of minimally invasive cardiac surgery compared with conventional surgery on post-operative physical activity and rehabilitation in patients with valvular heart disease
Authors: Labib Hossam salaheldin Abdelmohsen , Fawaz Shereen I. , Ghanam Mohamed El , ELBarbray Moustafa Gamal
Published: January 2023

Background

Minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) has steadily become more and more popular. MICS is less invasive and has a faster return to normality after surgery. Patients who had MICS continue to exercise more frequently than those who had the conventional median sternotomy surgery. It is generally established that physical activity lowers mortality and the risk of cardiac disease. The purpose of the study: is to evaluate and compare physical activity levels in MICS and conventional surgery.

Result

The level of preoperative physical activity did not significantly differ between the two groups. However, the MICS group significantly exceeded the conventional group in terms of postoperative progress, amount of physical activity, and 6-minute walking test. Also, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score was significantly less.

Conclusion

Minimally invasive cardiac surgery has a higher margin of benefit, and speedy recovery to normality, which is accompanied by a lower VAS score and increased physical activity in comparison to conventional surgery.
Processing of social and monetary rewards in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Baumeister Sarah , Moessnang Carolin , Bast Nico , Hohmann Sarah , Aggensteiner Pascal , Kaiser Anna , Tillmann Julian , Goyard David , Charman Tony , Ambrosino Sara , Baron-Cohen Simon , Beckmann Christian , Bölte Sven , Bourgeron Thomas , Rausch Annika , Crawley Daisy , Dell'Acqua Flavio , Dumas Guillaume , Durston Sarah , Ecker Christine , Floris Dorothea L. , Frouin Vincent , Hayward Hannah , Holt Rosemary , Johnson Mark H. , Jones Emily J. H. , Lai Meng-Chuan , Lombardo Michael V. , Mason Luke , Oakley Bethany , Oldehinkel Marianne , Persico Antonio M. , San José Cáceres Antonia , Wolfers Thomas , Loth Eva , Murphy Declan G. M. , Buitelaar Jan K. , Tost Heike , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Banaschewski Tobias , Brandeis Daniel ,   the EU-AIMS LEAP Group
Published: January 2023

Background

Reward processing has been proposed to underpin the atypical social feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, previous neuroimaging studies have yielded inconsistent results regarding the specificity of atypicalities for social reward processing in ASD.

Aims

Utilising a large sample, we aimed to assess reward processing in response to reward type (social, monetary) and reward phase (anticipation, delivery) in ASD.

Method

Functional magnetic resonance imaging during social and monetary reward anticipation and delivery was performed in 212 individuals with ASD (7.6–30.6 years of age) and 181 typically developing participants (7.6–30.8 years of age).

Results

Across social and monetary reward anticipation, whole-brain analyses showed hypoactivation of the right ventral striatum in participants with ASD compared with typically developing participants. Further, region of interest analysis across both reward types yielded ASD-related hypoactivation in both the left and right ventral striatum. Across delivery of social and monetary reward, hyperactivation of the ventral striatum in individuals with ASD did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Dimensional analyses of autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) scores were not significant. In categorical analyses,post hoccomparisons showed that ASD effects were most pronounced in participants with ASD without co-occurring ADHD.

Conclusions

Our results do not support current theories linking atypical social interaction in ASD to specific alterations in social reward processing. Instead, they point towards a generalised hypoactivity of ventral striatum in ASD during anticipation of both social and monetary rewards. We suggest this indicates attenuated reward seeking in ASD independent of social content and that elevated ADHD symptoms may attenuate altered reward seeking in ASD.
Predicting coercion during the course of psychiatric hospitalizations
Authors: Müller Mario , Brackmann Nathalie , Jäger Matthias , Theodoridou Anastasia , Vetter Stefan , Seifritz Erich , Hotzy Florian
Published: January 2023

Background

Coercive measures (such as seclusion, mechanical restraint, and forced medication) during psychiatric inpatient treatment should be avoided whenever possible. Different interventions were already developed to reduce coercion, but for their effective application, it is crucial to know the risk factors of individuals and clinical situations that might be associated with coercion. Since the results of previous studies differ considerably the current study aims to fill this gap by evaluating the course of the exertion of coercion in detail.

Methods

In this study, we analyzed clinical, procedural, and sociodemographic data from patients (n = 16,607 cases) who were treated as inpatients in Switzerland’s largest psychiatric institution with 320 beds during the years 2017 to 2020. We used regression models to identify predictors for the exertion of coercion, the number of coercive measures during a treatment episode and time until exertion of the first and last coercive measure.

Results

Coercive measures are mostly used during the first days of treatment. We identified clinical parameters such as manic or psychotic episodes to be the most relevant predictors for the exertion of coercion. Cases with those disorders also received coercion more often and earlier in their treatment course than other diagnostic groups. Other promoting factors for frequency and early application of coercion were involuntary admission and factors of chronicity and clinical severity.

Conclusions

Knowing the risk factors may help to target preventive strategies for those at highest risk. In particular, interventions should focus on the critical timeframe at the beginning of treatment.
Spinal Intradural Arachnoid Cysts in Adults: An Institutional Experience and Literature Review
Authors: Cuoco Joshua A. , Muthukumar Sankar , Rogers Cara M. , Entwistle John J. , Patel Vaibhav M. , Olasunkanmi Adeolu L. , Witcher Mark R.
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

Adult spinal intradural arachnoid cysts are rare pathologic entities with an unclear etiopathogenesis. These lesions can be dichotomized into primary (idiopathic) or secondary (related to inflammation, intradural surgery, or trauma) etiologies. Limited series have depicted optimal management strategies and clinical outcomes.

OBJECTIVE:

To illustrate our experience with spinal intradural arachnoid cysts and to present a literature review of surgically treated cysts to elucidate the clinical and anatomic differences between etiologies.

METHODS:

Institutional review revealed 29 patients. Various data were extracted from the medical record. Initial and follow-up symptomatologies of the surgical cohort were compared. The literature review included case series describing cysts managed surgically.

RESULTS:

From patients treated surgically at our institution (22), there was a significant reduction in thoracic back pain postoperatively (P = .034). A literature review yielded 271 additional cases. Overall, primary and secondary lesions accounted for 254 and 39 cases, respectively. Cysts of secondary origin were more likely localized ventral to the spinal cord (P = .013). The rate of symptomatic improvement after surgical intervention for primary cysts was more than double than that of secondary cysts (P < .001). Compared with primary etiologies, the rates of radiographic progression (P = .032) and repeat surgery (P = .041) were each more than double for secondary cysts.

CONCLUSION:

Surgical intervention for spinal intradural arachnoid cysts improves thoracic back pain. The literature supports surgical intervention for symptomatic primary spinal intradural arachnoid cysts with improved clinical outcomes. Surgery should be cautiously considered for secondary cysts given worse outcomes.