bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Premier complément à la liste des Lépidoptères du marais de Montfort à Crolles (Isère) (Insecta Lepidoptera)
Authors: Drouet Eric
Published: February 2017

41 species of Lepidoptera are recorded and must be added to the 145 species already known from the Marais de Montfort, near Crolles (Isère, France). The list is given with observations about the more interesting species found in this marsh.
Polypores de Savoie (Basidiomycotina, Aphyllophoromycetideae). II. Découvertes de taxons rares ou non encore répertoriés
Authors: Pieri Max , Rivoire Bernard
Published: February 2017

Ceriporia mellita (Bourd.) Bond, et Sing., Ceriporiopsis resi-nascens (Rom.) Dom., Coltricia cinnamomea (Jaq.) Murr., Inonotus triqueter (Fr.) Karst., Lindteria trachyspora (Bourd.) et Galz.) Pilât, Oligoporus placentus (Fr.) Gil'on. et Ryv., Phellinus laevigatus (Fr.) Bourdot et Galzin, Phellinus viti-cola (Schw. ex Fr. : Fr.) Donk, sont signalées pour la première fois en Savoie. Ceriporia viridans (Berk, et Br.) Donk f. aurantiocarnescens (P. Henn.) comb. nov., est proposée.
Influence of religious leaders in the health-disease process
Authors: Lima Macêdo Elton , Dantas Farias de Andrade Luciana , Ferreira Azevêdo Martins Samara Rayane , De Souza Medeiros Maria Vitória , Freires de Brito Débora Thaise , Mendonça Saraiva Nagashima Alynne , Agra Glenda , Pinto Maria Benegelania , Figueiredo Nogueira Matheus , Oliveria de Sousa Alana Tamar , Dantas Rocha Cerqueira Ana Carolina , Pereira da Cunha Sousa Carolina , Rodrigues de Lima Édija Anália , De Brito Santos Nathanielly Cristina Carvalho
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Religion has helped the lower classes to raise the perspective of "divine justice" in the struggle for survival by allowing their believers to seek, in their practices, under the influence of religious leaders, the main guidelines to alleviate the suffering from the health-disease process.

Objective: Unveil the limits and potentialities of religious leaders' influence on the health-disease process.

Materials and Methods: Exploratory-type research, with a qualitative approach, based methodologically on the Historical Dialectical Materialism. For the data analysis, one used the discourse analysis technique proposed by Fiorin.

Results: From the empirical universe, two analytical categories emerged: (1. Limits and possibilities of religious influence in relation to the health-disease process; 2. Vulnerabilities of the Unified Health System and the complementarity of religion: Interfaces of the health-disease process in postmodernity), in which religious practices, institutions and leaders express positively health care in the face of the disease process. However, the religious leader's power relations over the community and religious fanaticism make the search for religion to have a negative influence on people's health-disease process.

Conclusion: Religious leaders encourage the complementarity between religion and medicine only at times when their believers need medium and high-complexity assistance, showing little attention to the preventive aspects of self-care, which reinforces the need to invest in new studies in the area.
Powerful H2 Line Cooling in Stephan’s Quintet. II. Group-wide Gas and Shock Modeling of the Warm H2 and a Comparison with [C ii] 157.7 μm Emission and Kinematics
Authors: Appleton P. N. , Guillard P. , Togi A. , Alatalo K. , Boulanger F. , Cluver M. , Pineau des Forêts G. , Lisenfeld U. , Ogle P. , Xu C. K.
Published: February 2017

We map for the first time the two-dimensional H2 excitation of warm intergalactic gas in Stephan's Quintet on group-wide (50 × 35 kpc2) scales to quantify the temperature, mass, and warm H2 mass fraction as a function of position using Spitzer. Molecular gas temperatures are seen to rise (to T > 700 K) and the slope of the power-law density–temperature relation flattens along the main ridge of the filament, defining the region of maximum heating. We also performed MHD modeling of the excitation properties of the warm gas, to map the velocity structure and energy deposition rate of slow and fast molecular shocks. Slow magnetic shocks were required to explain the power radiated from the lowest-lying rotational states of H2, and strongly support the idea that energy cascades down to small scales and low velocities from the fast collision of NGC 7318b with group-wide gas. The highest levels of heating of the warm H2 are strongly correlated with the large-scale stirring of the medium as measured by [C ii] spectroscopy with Herschel. H2 is also seen associated with a separate bridge that extends toward the Seyfert nucleus in NGC 7319, from both Spitzer and CARMA CO observations. This opens up the possibility that both galaxy collisions and outflows from active galactic nuclei can turbulently heat gas on large scales in compact groups. The observations provide a laboratory for studying the effects of turbulent energy dissipation on group-wide scales, which may provide clues about the heating and cooling of gas at high z in early galaxy and protogalaxy formation.
BANYAN. IX. The Initial Mass Function and Planetary-mass Object Space Density of the TW HYA Association
Authors: Gagné Jonathan , Faherty Jacqueline K. , Mamajek Eric E. , Malo Lison , Doyon René , Filippazzo Joseph C. , Weinberger Alycia J. , Donaldson Jessica K. , Lépine Sébastien , Lafrenière David , Artigau Étienne , Burgasser Adam J. , Looper Dagny , Boucher Anne , Beletsky Yuri , Camnasio Sara , Brunette Charles , Arboit Geneviève
Published: February 2017

A determination of the initial mass function (IMF) of the current, incomplete census of the 10 Myr-old TW Hya association (TWA) is presented. This census is built from a literature compilation supplemented with new spectra and 17 new radial velocities from ongoing membership surveys, as well as a reanalysis ofHipparcosdata that confirmed HR 4334 (A2 Vn) as a member. Although the dominant uncertainty in the IMF remains census incompleteness, a detailed statistical treatment is carried out to make the IMF determination independent of binning while accounting for small number statistics. The currently known high-likelihood members are fitted by a log-normal distribution with a central mass ofM⊙and a characteristic width ofdex in the 12MJup–2M⊙range, whereas a Salpeter power law withbest describes the IMF slope in the 0.1–2M⊙range. This characteristic width is higher than other young associations, which may be due to incompleteness in the current census of low-mass TWA stars. A tentative overpopulation of isolated planetary-mass members similar to 2MASS J11472421–2040204 and 2MASS J11193254–1137466 is identified: this indicates that there might be as many assimilar members of TWA with hot-start model-dependent masses estimated at ∼5–7MJup, most of which would be too faint to be detected in 2MASS. Our new radial velocity measurements corroborate the membership of 2MASS J11472421–2040204, and secure TWA 28 (M8.5γ), TWA 29 (M9.5γ), and TWA 33 (M4.5 e) as members. The discovery of 2MASS J09553336–0208403, a young L7-type interloper unrelated to TWA, is also presented.
Change of Neutrality - The Case of Finland and Austria: An Approach to Foreign Security Cooperation within the EU and NATO
Authors: Maťátková Kristýna
Published: February 2017

The article deals with the security and defence policy of two neutral countries, Finland and Austria, and provides a comparative analysis of their approaches toward the security and defence cooperation within the EU and NATO. The main aim is to map the changes of neutrality of these countries after the end of the Cold War related to their participation in CSDP and their cooperation with NATO. The article shows that for both Austria and Finland full participation on CFSP as well as cooperation with NATO are crucial, and with regard thereto they gradually weakened and grinded up their original concept of neutrality.
Comparison of Turbulence Models in OpenFOAM for 3D Simulation of Gas Flow in Solid Propellant Rocket Engine
Authors: Konečný P. , Ševčík R.
Published: February 2017

The aim of this paper is to compare various mathematical models simulating the turbulent flow in a solid propellant rocket engine. For comparison, the most frequently used models were chosen for simulations of flow in the S5 rocket engine. For this type of engine experimental data are available allowing comparison of the simulations with reality. The LES Smagorinsky model provided the best results, while type RANS models appeared to be less suitable for this task.
Developments in the Classification of Aviation Accidents in Czechoslovak and Czech Military Aviation
Authors: Zavila O.
Published: February 2017

The article deals with the classification of emergency occurrences in Czechoslovak and Czech military aviation from 1946 to mid-2016. It lists available information sources and presents original definitions laid down therein, as well as many logical links and indications leading to the formulation of development trends in this field. The knowledge and proper understanding of the classification scales for emergency occurrences in both the Czechoslovak and the Czech military aviation in different periods is the key to understanding and correct interpretation of the statistics of aviation accidents and their preconditions. Statistics, the systematic mathematical processing of professional experience, is one of important bases for a positive development in any sector, which is also the case in military aviation.
Sensitivity to Antimicrobial Drugs of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Extreme-Resistant Strains Isolated in the Major Hospitals of Central Kazakhstan
Authors: Azizov Ilya S. , Lavrinenko Alyona V. , Belyaev Ilya A. , Babenko Dmitry B. , Shambilova Natalya A. , Bissenova Nelya M.
Published: February 2017

AIM: The article presents the current data on the sensitivity of the main 37 strains of eXtremaly Drugs Resistance (XDR) category to anti-pseudomonas drugs.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The strains were collected during the prospective multicenter study in large multidisciplinary hospitals of Central Kazakhstan. Susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs was carried out by disk method and the serial dilution method with the interpretation of the results according to EUCAST criteria. Detection of carbapenemases gene of VIM, IMP, NDM and GES classes was carried out by PCR method using the commercial kits.RESULTS: All identified carbapenemases were sorted to VIM class and accounted for 63.64%. Resistance to aminoglycoside drugs exceeded 80%. All the strains were susceptible to polymyxin.CONCLUSION: Thus, at the present stage the circulation of P. aeruginosa strains of XDR category continues in major hospitals in Kazakhstan. The strains remain sensitiveness only to polymyxin.
Amérique latine, des années 1950 à aujourd’hui, mutations, essor et nouvelles dépendances
Authors: Salama Pierre
Published: February 2017

Après avoir connu un essor important de leur industrie, la plupart des grands pays latino-américains connaissent une désindustrialisation couplée à un retour vers une spécialisation internationale portant sur des matières premières. Leur insertion dans la division internationale du travail depuis une quinzaine d’années se fait à partir d’une reprimarisation de leurs économies (sauf le Mexique et l’Amérique centrale). Celle-ci favorise une désindustrialisation précoce, une léthargie de leur croissance (sauf pour les pays andins). Dit autrement, alors que nombre des économies asiatiques se dirigent vers toujours plus de densité industrielle par habitant, davantage d’industrie dans leur PIB (sauf l’Inde) et une croissance vive, les pays latino-américains restent confinés dans une situation où la densité industrielle augmente peu et le poids de leur industrie dans le PIB régresse. Retour étrange de l’Histoire faite de succès et d’échecs, régression de nature à expliquer la crise que ces pays traversent aujourd’hui ? Classification JEL : F14, F62, F63, O10, O54.
Termes de l’échange et dynamique macroéconomique en Amérique latine
Authors: Arreaza Adriana , Toledo Manuel E.
Published: February 2017

Cet article examine dans quelle mesure les variations des termes de l’échange conduisent à des fluctuations conjoncturelles et affectent la trajectoire du PIB en Amérique latine, et plus particulièrement dans les sept plus grandes économies de la région. Nous montrons que les chocs affectant les termes de l’échange sont un élément explicatif important des fluctuations conjoncturelles et qu’ils les expliquent en moyenne à hauteur de 30 % dans les pays de notre échantillon. Nous mettons également en évidence une relation de long terme entre les termes de l’échange et le PIB qui affecte aussi dans la plupart des pays concernés la dynamique à court terme de la croissance. Les résultats varient selon les pays, ce qui suggère une hétérogénéité de l’exposition aux chocs externes et aux politiques économiques nationales. Classification JEL : E32, F14, O54.
Brésil : faut-il avoir peur de la dette publique ?
Authors: Rodado Juan Carlos
Published: February 2017

Le Brésil doit assainir sa situation budgétaire. L’adoption d’un objectif budgétaire conservateur mais réaliste constitue un progrès pour le nouveau gouvernement. La proposition d’un plafond pour les dépenses fédérales et le débat autour de la réforme de la sécurité sociale vont dans la bonne direction. La voie vers le rééquilibrage des finances publiques ne sera pas facile puisque des hausses d’impôts seront probablement nécessaires. Le pays devra adopter des mesures impopulaires sans croissance avec un gouvernement qui n’a pas été élu. Alors que les actifs brésiliens enregistrent une impressionnante performance en 2016, le gouvernement de Michel Temer dispose d’une fenêtre étroite pour stabiliser la trajectoire de la dette publique. Nous examinons dans cet article la nouvelle politique budgétaire, les déterminants de la dette publique et les passifs contingents. Classification JEL : H62, H63, H68, O54.
Le financement de l’économie argentine : la période post-crise et les perspectives
Authors: Gianella Christian , Puppetto Leonardo
Published: February 2017

Après quinze ans de fermeture aux marchés internationaux, l’Argentine entre en 2016 dans un nouveau cycle avec la signature d’un accord avec les fonds procéduriers. L’article dresse un bref bilan du financement de l’économie argentine au sens large. Nous présentons les facteurs structurels qui pèsent sur le développement de l’économie argentine depuis de nombreuses années et explicitons comment ils affectent les capacités de financement des agents. Notamment nous examinons comment le sentiment de défiance à l’égard de la monnaie locale s’est traduit par la formation d’un système financier inefficace. Nous présentons les premières réformes mises en œuvre par la nouvelle administration et les perspectives d’évolution. Classification JEL : E65, F13, F34, G01, O54.
Les économies de l’arc andin face à la faiblesse des cours des matières premières
Authors: Bernadac Carl , Dali Slim , Ha Nha-Uyen
Published: February 2017

Depuis 2012, les économies de « l’arc andin » (Colombie, Équateur, Pérou, Bolivie) semblent connaître un changement de paradigme de leur modèle de croissance. En effet, à la faveur d’une dynamique haussière des cours des matières premières au cours des années 2000, ces économies ont connu un cycle de croissance remarquable et, parallèlement, une primarisation de leur secteur externe. L’orientation à la baisse des prix des produits miniers à partir de 2012, matérialisant le début du ralentissement de l’activité en Chine, puis celle des cours du pétrole depuis 2014 ont détérioré les termes de l’échange de ces économies et pesé sur leur rythme de croissance. Pour autant, la résilience de ces économies à ce choc dépend de leurs caractéristiques intrinsèques. Le Pérou et la Colombie apparaissent plus résilients, alors que l’activité en Bolivie et en particulier en Équateur se contracte. Ces économies ont recours progressivement à une politique visant à faire évoluer leurs modèles de croissance pour réduire leur dépendance au secteur primaire. Au-delà du caractère volontariste des différentes autorités nationales, le processus de diversification du modèle de croissance reste attaché aux avantages comparatifs de chaque pays et, en second lieu, aux gains potentiels de productivité. Classification JEL : F14, O54, Q32, Q33.
L’Amérique latine et la Chine : « Je t’aime… moi non plus »
Authors: Chaponnière Jean-Raphaël , Salama Pierre
Published: February 2017

Nouveau venu en Amérique latine, la Chine est désormais un partenaire aussi important que l’Union européenne pour la région. La boulimie chinoise de matières premières a contribué à l’accélération de la croissance de l’Amérique latine au cours des années 2000 et le ralentissement chinois coïncide avec la crise qui a éclaté dans plusieurs pays du continent. Cet article commence par évaluer l’empreinte économique de la Chine sur l’Amérique latine : forte sur le plan commercial, elle progresse rapidement au niveau des investissements directs et elle est modeste au niveau des crédits à l’exception de l’Équateur et du Venezuela. Une seconde partie analyse l’impact de la Chine sur l’économie brésilienne. Si l’abondance de devises procurée par le commerce avec la Chine a levé la contrainte externe qui pesait sur cette économie, elle n’a pas servi de levier pour transformer l’appareil de production. La demande chinoise a apporté l’aisance mais cette dernière portait en elle le germe de la crise que n’ont pas su, ou voulu, éviter les gouvernements. La conclusion explore les perspectives à court terme et s’interroge sur les conséquences du changement de régime de croissance de la Chine sur la complémentarité des relations entre la Chine et l’Amérique latine. Classification JEL : F14, O54, Q32, Q33.
Le système de retraite par répartition argentin survivra-t-il à la réforme de 2016 ?
Authors: Calcagno Leonardo Éric
Published: February 2017

Cet article retrace l’évolution du système de retraites par répartition argentin depuis 1993 jusqu’à la veille de la réforme de 2016, qui introduit un « Programme national de réparation historique pour retraités et pensionnés ». Nous montrons que même si la sécurité sociale était à l’équilibre et épaulée par un fonds de garantie (FGS) représentant 13 % du PIB, des litiges opposaient l’État fédéral et des retraités, lésés par une sous-indexation de leurs retraites par rapport à l’inflation entre 2002 et 2006. Cet équilibre des comptes était aussi assuré aux dépens des provinces, qui étaient privées d’une partie de leurs ressources fiscales. Cette réforme propose un dédommagement aux retraités lésés et un retour graduel de ces ressources fiscales aux provinces. Son financement dépend néanmoins d’une contribution supplémentaire du Trésor et du FGS, qui sera probablement liquidé pour financer cette réforme. De plus, comme une nouvelle réforme structurelle est censée intervenir d’ici trois ans, le futur des retraites par répartition en Argentine est aujourd’hui incertain. Classification JEL : H55, H62, J26, O54.
Le syndrome du choc de la réalité chez les nouvelles infirmières
Authors: Roy Johannie , Robichaud Fanny
Published: February 2017

Le syndrome du choc de la réalité, qui exprime le constat d’une dissonance entre ce qui était imaginé du monde du travail et la réalité, fait partie du processus d’intégration des nouvelles infirmières qui intègrent pour la première fois les milieux de soins. Cette étape majeure liée aux premières expériences de travail situe les recrues dans un état de vulnérabilité face à leur nouvelle profession. Alors qu’on prévoit plusieurs départs à la retraite chez les baby-boomers, il importe de trouver des solutions pour faciliter la transition au rôle professionnel chez les plus jeunes. Cette revue de la littérature de type narrative tente de répondre à la question suivante : qu’est-ce qui caractérise le choc de la réalité chez les nouvelles infirmières, dans un contexte de transition entre le rôle d’étudiante et celui de professionnelle ? Afin de dresser un portrait de la situation, les bases de données CINAHL et MEDLINE ont été consultées, en plus de rapports émis par l’OIIQ. Le fait de miser sur des programmes de préceptorat, d’offrir des conditions de travail qui tiennent compte des besoins de la nouvelle génération de travailleurs et d’avoir des attentes réalistes envers les recrues semblerait diminuer l’impact du choc de la réalité.
A New Immunomodulatory Role for Peroxisomes in Macrophages Activated by the TLR4 Ligand Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Vijayan Vijith , Srinu Tumpara , Karnati Srikanth , Garikapati Vannuruswamy , Linke Monika , Kamalyan Lilit , Mali Srihari Reddy , Sudan Kritika , Kollas Andreas , Schmid Tobias , Schulz Sabine , Spengler Bernhard , Weichhart Thomas , Immenschuh Stephan , Baumgart-Vogt Eveline
Published: February 2017

Peroxisomes are proposed to play an important role in the regulation of systemic inflammation; however, the functional role of these organelles in inflammatory responses of myeloid immune cells is largely unknown. In this article, we demonstrate that the nonclassical peroxisome proliferator 4-phenyl butyric acid is an efficient inducer of peroxisomes in various models of murine macrophages, such as primary alveolar and peritoneal macrophages and the macrophage cell line RAW264.7, but not in primary bone marrow–derived macrophages. Further, proliferation of peroxisomes blocked the TLR4 ligand LPS-induced proinflammatory response, as detected by the reduced induction of the proinflammatory protein cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12. In contrast, disturbing peroxisome function by knockdown of peroxisomal gene Pex14 or Mfp2 markedly increased the LPS-dependent upregulation of the proinflammatory proteins COX-2 and TNF-α. Specifically, induction of peroxisomes did not affect the upregulation of COX-2 at the mRNA level, but it reduced the half-life of COX-2 protein, which was restored by COX-2 enzyme inhibitors but not by proteasomal and lysosomal inhibitors. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that various anti-inflammatory lipid mediators (e.g., docosahexaenoic acid) were increased in the conditioned medium from peroxisome-induced macrophages, which blocked LPS-induced COX-2 upregulation in naive RAW264.7 cells and human primary peripheral blood–derived macrophages. Importantly, LPS itself induced peroxisomes that correlated with the regulation of COX-2 during the late phase of LPS activation in macrophages. In conclusion, our findings identify a previously unidentified role for peroxisomes in macrophage inflammatory responses and suggest that peroxisomes are involved in the physiological cessation of macrophage activation.
Cementerio Heimolen en St. Niklaas. Bélgica
Authors: Kees Kaan Arquitecto
Published: February 2017

El cementerio Heimolen está situado entre la autopista de Amberes a Gante, el camino Nieuwe Steenweg y el camino Waasmunsterse Steenweg. Por el emplazamiento cruza una linea de alta tensión de postes de gran altura. Altos árboles y pendientes escarpados rodean el cementerio por tres lados, por lo que se hace casi invisible desde la autopista. Esto lo coloca en una posición discreta que se combina con un ambiente rural característico donde predomina la vegetación.
Source apportionment of NMVOCs in the Kathmandu Valley during the SusKat-ABC international field campaign using positive matrix factorization
Authors: Sarkar Chinmoy , Sinha Vinayak , Sinha Baerbel , Panday Arnico K. , Rupakheti Maheswar , Lawrence Mark G.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. A positive matrix factorization model (US EPA PMF version 5.0) was applied for the source apportionment of the dataset of 37 NMVOCs measured over a period of 19 December 2012–30 January 2013 during the SusKat-ABC international air pollution measurement campaign using a Proton Transfer Reaction Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer in the Kathmandu Valley. In all, eight source categories were identified with the PMF model using the new "constrained model operation" mode. Unresolved industrial emissions and traffic source factors were the major contributors to the total measured NMVOC mass loading (17.9 % and 16.8 %, respectively) followed by mixed industrial emissions (14.0 %), while the remainder of the source was split approximately evenly between residential biofuel use and waste disposal (10.9 %), solvent evaporation (10.8 %), biomass co-fired brick kilns (10.4 %), biogenic emissions (10.0 %) and mixed daytime factor (9.2 %). Conditional probability function (CPF) analyses were performed to identify the physical locations associated with different sources. Source contributions to individual NMVOCs showed biomass co-fired brick kilns significantly contribute to the elevated concentrations of several health relevant NMVOCs such as benzene. Despite the highly polluted conditions, biogenic emissions had largest contribution (24.2 %) to the total daytime ozone production potential, even in winter, followed by solvent evaporation (20.2 %), traffic (15.0 %) and unresolved industrial emissions (14.3 %). Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production had approximately equal contributions from biomass co-fired brick kilns (28.9 %) and traffic (28.2 %). Comparison of PMF results based on the in-situ data versus REASv2.1 and EDGAR v4.2 emission inventories showed that both the inventories underestimate the contribution of traffic and do not take the contribution of brick kilns into account. In addition, the REAS inventory overestimates the contribution of residential biofuel use and underestimates the contribution of solvent use and industrial sources in the Kathmandu Valley. The quantitative source apportionment of major NMVOC sources in the Kathmandu Valley based on this will aid in improving hitherto largely un-validated bottom up NMVOC emission inventories, enabling more focused mitigation measures and improved parameterizationsin chemical-transport models.
Estimation of bubbled-mediated air/sea gas exchange from
concurrent DMS and CO2 transfer velocities at
intermediate-high wind speeds
Authors: Bell Thomas G. , Landwehr Sebastian , Miller Scott D. , de Bruyn Warren J. , Callaghan Adrian , Scanlon Brian , Ward Brian , Yang Mingxi , Saltzman Eric S.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Simultaneous air/sea fluxes and concentration differences of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were measured during a summertime North Atlantic cruise in 2011. This dataset reveals significant differences between the gas transfer velocities of these two gases (Δkw) over a range of wind speeds up to 21 m  s−1. These differences occur at and above the approximate wind speed threshold when waves begin breaking. Whitecap fraction (a proxy for bubbles) was also measured and has a positive relationship with Δkw, consistent with enhanced bubble-mediated transfer of the less soluble CO2 relative to that of the more soluble DMS. However, the correlation of Δkw with whitecap fraction is no stronger than with wind speed. Models used to estimate bubble-mediated transfer from in situ whitecap fraction under-predict the observations, particularly at intermediate wind speeds. Examining the differences between gas transfer velocities of gases with different solubilities is a useful way to detect the impact of bubble-mediated exchange. More simultaneous gas transfer measurements of different solubility gases across a wide range of oceanic conditions are needed to understand the factors controlling the magnitude and scaling of bubble-mediated gas exchange.
Simulating precipitation decline under a Mediterranean
deciduous Oak forest: effects on isoprene seasonal emissions
and predictions under climatic scenarios
Authors: Genard-Zielinski Anne-Cyrielle , Boissard Christophe , Ormeño Elena , Lathière Juliette , Reiter Ilja M. , Wortham Henri , Orts Jean-Philippe , Temine-Roussel Brice , Guenet Bertrand , Bartsch Svenja , Gauquelin Thierry , Fernandez Catherine
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Seasonal variations of Q. pubescens physiology and isoprene emission rates (ER) were studied from June 2012 to June 2013 at the O3HP site (French Mediterranean) under natural (ND) and amplified (+30 %, AD) drought. While AD significantly reduced the stomatal conductance to water vapour over the season excepting August, it did not significantly limit CO2 net assimilation, which was the lowest in summer. ER followed a significant seasonal pattern, whatever the drought intensity, with mean ER maxima of 78.5 and 104.8 µgC gDM−1 h−1 in July (ND) and August (AD) respectively. Isoprene emission factor increased significantly by a factor of 2 in August and September under AD (137.8 and 74.3 µgC gDM−1 h−1) compared to ND (75.3 and 40.21 µgC gDM−1 h−1), but no changes occurred on ER. An isoprene algorithm (G14) was developed using an optimised artificial neural network trained on our experimental dataset (ER + O3HP climatic and edaphic parameters cumulated over 0 to 21 days before measurements). G14 assessed more than 80 % of the observed ER seasonal variations, whatever the drought intensity. In contrast, ER was poorly assessed under water stress by MEGAN empirical isoprene model, in particular under AD. Soil water (SW) content was the dominant parameter to account for the observed ER variations, regardless the water stress treatment. ER was more sensitive to higher frequency environmental changes under AD (0 to −7 days) compared to ND (7 days). Using IPCC RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 climate scenarios, SW and temperature calculated by the ORCHIDEE land surface model, and G14, an annual 3 fold ER relative increase was found between present (2000–2010) and future (2090–2100) for RCP8.5 scenario compared to a 70 % increase for RCP2.6. Future ER remained mainly sensitive to SW (both scenarios) and became dependent to higher frequency environmental changes under RCP8.5.
A sudden stratospheric warming compendium
Authors: Butler Amy H. , Sjoberg Jeremiah P. , Seidel Dian J. , Rosenlof Karen H.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Major, sudden midwinter stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are large and rapid temperature increases in the winter polar stratosphere are associated with a complete reversal of the climatological westerly winds (i.e., the polar vortex). These extreme events can have substantial impacts on winter surface climate, including increased frequency of cold air outbreaks over North America and Eurasia and anomalous warming over Greenland and eastern Canada. Here we present a SSW Compendium (SSWC), a new database that documents the evolution of the stratosphere, troposphere, and surface conditions 60 days prior to and after SSWs for the period 1958–2014. The SSWC comprises data from six different reanalysis products: MERRA2 (1980–2014), JRA-55 (1958–2014), ERA-interim (1979–2014), ERA-40 (1958–2002), NOAA20CRv2c (1958–2011), and NCEP-NCAR I (1958–2014). Global gridded daily anomaly fields, full fields, and derived products are provided for each SSW event. The compendium will allow users to examine the structure and evolution of individual SSWs, and the variability among events and among reanalysis products. The SSWC is archived and maintained by NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI, doi:10.7289/V5NS0RWP).
AerChemMIP: quantifying the effects of chemistry and aerosols in CMIP6
Authors: Collins William J. , Lamarque Jean-François , Schulz Michael , Boucher Olivier , Eyring Veronika , Hegglin Michaela I. , Maycock Amanda , Myhre Gunnar , Prather Michael , Shindell Drew , Smith Steven J.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The Aerosol Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project (AerChemMIP) is endorsed by the Coupled-Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) and is designed to quantify the climate and air quality impacts of aerosols and chemically reactive gases. These are specifically near-term climate forcers (NTCFs: methane, tropospheric ozone and aerosols, and their precursors), nitrous oxide and ozone-depleting halocarbons. The aim of AerChemMIP is to answer four scientific questions. 1. How have anthropogenic emissions contributed to global radiative forcing and affected regional climate over the historical period? 2. How might future policies (on climate, air quality and land use) affect the abundances of NTCFs and their climate impacts? 3.How do uncertainties in historical NTCF emissions affect radiative forcing estimates? 4. How important are climate feedbacks to natural NTCF emissions, atmospheric composition, and radiative effects? These questions will be addressed through targeted simulations with CMIP6 climate models that include an interactive representation of tropospheric aerosols and atmospheric chemistry. These simulations build on the CMIP6 Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima (DECK) experiments, the CMIP6 historical simulations, and future projections performed elsewhere in CMIP6, allowing the contributions from aerosols and/or chemistry to be quantified. Specific diagnostics are requested as part of the CMIP6 data request to highlight the chemical composition of the atmosphere, to evaluate the performance of the models, and to understand differences in behaviour between them.
Partitive descriptions in Korean
Authors: Shin Keun Young
Published: February 2017

This paper examines Korean partitive constructions to investigate the typology of the partitive structure. In Korean, a quantifier precedes the nominal in a non-partitive, but it follows the nominal in a partitive. The relative order between a quantifier and its associated nominal indicates that a quantifier in Korean partitive does not function as a NP adjunct but takes a DP as its argument. I argue that Korean postnominal (floating) quantifier constructions can be interpreted as partitives or pseudo-partitives/quantitatives because a postnominal (floating) quantifier denoting a part-of relation can occur with a kind-denoting DP as well as a definite DP. I also propose that a quantifier denoting a part-of relation is associated with the argument of a verb via composition with a verbal predicate in the floating quantifier construction. This approach can provide an account for several idiosyncratic properties of floating quantifier constructions, which are difficult to capture under the assumption that a floating quantifier construction is derived by moving a quantifier away from its associated nominal.
The Synthetic Experiment: E. B. Titchener’s Cornell Psychological Laboratory and the Test of Introspective Analysis
Authors: Evans Rand B.
Published: February 2017

Beginning in 1900, a major thread of research was added to E. B. Titchener’s Cornell laboratory: the synthetic experiment. Titchener and his graduate students used introspective analysis to reduce a perception, a complex experience, into its simple sensory constituents. To test the validity of that analysis, stimulus patterns were selected to reproduce the patterns of sensations found in the introspective analyses. If the original perception can be reconstructed in this way, then the analysis was considered validated. This article reviews development of the synthetic method in E. B. Titchener’s laboratory at Cornell University and examines its impact on psychological research.
Visual Search Load Effects on Age-Related Cognitive Decline: Evidence From the Yakumo Longitudinal Study
Authors: Hatta Takeshi , Kato Kimiko , Hotta Chie , Higashikawa Mari , Iwahara Akihiko , Hatta Taketoshi , Hatta Junko , Fujiwara Kazumi , Nagahara Naoko , Ito Emi , Hamajima Nobuyuki
Published: February 2017

The validity of Bucur and Madden’s (2010) proposal that an age-related decline is particularly pronounced in executive function measures rather than in elementary perceptual speed measures was examined via the Yakumo Study longitudinal database. Their proposal suggests that cognitive load differentially affects cognitive abilities in older adults. To address their proposal, linear regression coefficients of 104 participants were calculated individually for the digit cancellation task 1 (D-CAT1), where participants search for a given single digit, and the D-CAT3, where they search for 3 digits simultaneously. Therefore, it can be conjectured that the D-CAT1 represents primarily elementary perceptual speed and low–visual search load task, whereas the D-CAT3 represents primarily executive function and high–visual search load task. Regression coefficients from age 65 to 75 for the D-CAT3 showed a significantly steeper decline than that for the D-CAT1, and a large number of participants showed this tendency. These results support the proposal by Bucur and Madden (2010) and suggest that the degree of cognitive load affects age-related cognitive decline.
Alexithymia and Mood: Recognition of Emotion in Self and Others
Authors: Lyvers Michael , Kohlsdorf Susan M. , Edwards Mark S. , Thorberg Fred Arne
Published: February 2017

The present study explored relationships between alexithymia—a trait characterized by difficulties identifying and describing feelings and an external thinking style—and negative moods, negative mood regulation expectancies, facial recognition of emotions, emotional empathy, and alcohol consumption. The sample consisted of 102 university (primarily psychology) students (13 men, 89 women) aged 18 to 50 years (M = 22.18 years). Participants completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Negative Mood Regulation Scale (NMRS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Results were consistent with previous findings of positive relationships of TAS-20 alexithymia scores with both alcohol use (AUDIT) and negative moods (DASS-21) and a negative relationship with emotional self-regulation as indexed by NMRS. Predicted negative associations of both overall TAS-20 alexithymia scores and the externally oriented thinking (EOT) subscale of the TAS-20 with both RMET facial recognition of emotions and the empathic concern (EC) subscale of the IRI were supported. The mood self-regulation index NMRS fully mediated the relationship between alexithymia and negative moods. Hierarchical linear regressions revealed that, after other relevant variables were controlled for, the EOT subscale of the TAS-20 predicted RMET and EC. The concrete thinking or EOT facet of alexithymia thus appears to be associated with diminished facial recognition of emotions and reduced emotional empathy. The negative moods associated with alexithymia appear to be linked to subjective difficulties in self-regulation of emotions.
The Effect of Sleep Loss on Dual Time-Based Prospective Memory Tasks
Authors: Occhionero Miranda , Cicogna Piercarla , Esposito Maria José
Published: February 2017

The aim of the present study was to deepen knowledge about the effect of a lowered vigilance state on time-based prospective memory (TBPM) performance. For this purpose 2 TBPM tasks (primary and interpolated), which shared a portion of the retention interval, and 3 reasoning tasks, as ongoing activities, were administered after total sleep deprivation and in a regular sleep condition. The results showed a detrimental effect of sleep deprivation on prospective memory performance and a partial dissociation between clock-checking behavior and time estimation for prospective compliance. This study clearly indicates that total sleep deprivation impairs the ability to complete multiple prospective task assignments in a timely fashion. Results are discussed suggesting the existence of different mechanisms involved in time monitoring and other cognitive functions underlying TBPM performance.
Publish and Perish: Psychology’s Most Prolific Authors Are Not Always the Ones We Remember
Authors: Green Christopher D.
Published: February 2017

What is the relationship between being highly prolific in the realm of publication and being remembered as a great psychologist of the past? In this study, the PsycINFO database was used to identify the historical figures who wrote the most journal articles during the half-century from 1890 to 1939. Although a number of the 10 most prolific authors are widely remembered for their influence on the discipline today—E. L. Thorndike, Karl Pearson, E. B. Titchener, Henri Piéron—the majority are mostly forgotten. The data were also separated into the 5 distinct decades. Once again, a mixture of eminent and obscure individuals made appearances. Most striking, perhaps, was the great increase in articles published over the course of the half-century—approximately doubling each decade—and the enormous turnover in who was most prolific, decade over decade. In total, 100 distinct individuals appeared across just 5 lists of about 25 names each.
Assessment of Water Resources and Analysis of Safe Yield and Reliability of Surface Water Reservoirs of Asmara Water Supply System
Authors: Zeraebruk Kahsay N. , Mayabi Alfred O. , Gathenya John M.
Published: February 2017

In a water supply system safe yield is the average annual volume that can be supplied to the system subject to an adopted set of operational rules and a typical demand pattern without violating a given level of service standard. It is dependent upon storage and hydrologic (rainfall/runoff/evaporation) characteristics of the sources, the source facilities, upstream and downstream permitted withdrawals and minimum in-stream flow requirements.For effective operation and management of a water supply system, it is important to have knowledge of water balance of the reservoirs and estimate their safe yield at a certain level of reliability. In this study, to assess water resources potential of existing surface water sources and new catchments and estimate the water balance of the water supply system, the hydrologic simulation model, SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was utilized. The model was calibrated and validated successfully. The safe yield and corresponding reliability of reservoirs were estimated using a deterministic water balance model. The results of the water balance analysis and projected water demand were used to assess existing water supply situation and challenges in future. The assessment indicated that the gap between demand and supply at high population growth rate scenario is wide and very critical.To close the gap between the available water supply and the increasing water demand in the study area, utmost attention is needed by the decision making authorities and the management of the water utility to improve performance efficiency of the water supply system by instituting effective water governance and reducing leakage losses.
Perceptions of L1 Use as a Pre-listening Activity Relative to L2 Proficiency
Authors: Mihara Kei
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine students’ perceptions of L1 translations when learning L2 vocabulary as a pre-listening activity and to investigate their listening comprehension test performance. Higher and lower level Japanese university students were required to learn vocabulary as a pre-listening activity. Both levels were divided into two groups. One group was asked to learn vocabulary items using L1 translations, whereas the other used L2 definitions. Previous research has suggested that using L1 translations is preferable for lower level students. However, the results of the present study contradict the findings of previous studies. The present study shows that both higher and lower level students tended to prefer L2 definitions when learning L2 vocabulary, and that this tendency was stronger among lower level students. Moreover, regarding listening comprehension test performance, the results show that higher level students who used L1 translations consistently outperformed those who used L2 definitions, although lower level students did not show such consistency.
Strategies and Difficulties of Understanding English Idioms: A Case Study of Saudi University EFL Students
Authors: Alhaysony Maha H.
Published: February 2017

This study aims to investigate difficulties face Saudi EFL students in learning and understanding English idioms, and examines the strategies they utilize to understand idioms. The subjects were 85 male and female Saudi English major university students at the Department of English in Aljouf University. Two data collection instruments, questionnaire, semi-structured interview were employed as well as the Nation’s Vocabulary Level Test to measure the students’ language proficiency level. The results showed that students have difficulty to understand idiomatic expressions. Moreover, the findings revealed that most frequently used strategies were guessing the meaning of idioms from context, predicting the meaning of idioms, and figuring out an idiom from an equivalent one in their mother language. Furthermore, the results illustrated that low-proficiency students face more difficulties than high-proficiency students, though the differences were not significant. The results also showed that, the greater the vocabulary knowledge, the greater the use of idiom-learning strategies, especially for idioms that require a wider knowledge in vocabulary. This study concludes with teaching implications and recommendation for further research in learning and understanding idiomatic expressions.
Comprehensive Analysis of Chicken Vessels as Microvascular Anastomosis Training Model
Authors: Kang Bo Young , Jeon Byung-Joon , Lee Kyeong-Tae , Mun Goo-Hyun
Published: February 2017

Background Nonliving chickens are commonly used as a microvascular anastomosis training model. However, previous studies have investigated only a few types of vessel, and no study has compared the characteristics of the various vessels. The present study evaluated the anatomic characteristics of various chicken vessels as a training model.

Methods Eight vessels—the brachial artery, basilic vein, radial artery, ulnar artery, ischiatic artery and vein, cranial tibial artery, and common dorsal metatarsal artery—were evaluated in 26 fresh chickens and 30 chicken feet for external diameter (ED) and thicknesses of the tunica adventitia and media. The dissection time from skin incision to application of vessel clamps was also measured.

Results The EDs of the vessels varied. The ischiatic vein had the largest ED of 2.69±0.33 mm, followed by the basilic vein (1.88±0.36 mm), ischiatic artery (1.68±0.24 mm), common dorsal metatarsal artery (1.23±0.23 mm), cranial tibial artery (1.18±0.19 mm), brachial artery (1.08±0.15 mm), ulnar artery (0.82±0.13 mm), and radial artery (0.56±0.12 mm), and the order of size was consistent across all subjects. Thicknesses of the tunica adventitia and media were also diverse, ranging from 74.09±19.91 µm to 158.66±40.25 µm (adventitia) and from 31.2±7.13 µm to 154.15±46.48 µm (media), respectively. Mean dissection time was <3 minutes for all vessels.

Conclusions Our results suggest that nonliving chickens can provide various vessels with different anatomic characteristics, which can allow trainees the choice of an appropriate microvascular anastomosis training model depending on their purpose and skillfulness.