bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in microcirculation variables in an acute endotoxaemic equine model
Authors: Sauter Philipp K. , Steblaj Barbara , Kästner Sabine B. R. , Söbbeler Franz J. , Reiners Julia K. , Kutter Annette P. N. , Bautitsta Alvaro J. Gutiérrez , Neudeck Stephan
Published: January 2025

Background

Microcirculation is the essential link between macrocirculation and cellular metabolism.

Objectives

To test our hypotheses that microcirculation variables will show a heterogeneous flow pattern during experimental endotoxaemia, and that fluid therapy and noradrenaline (NA) infusion will normalise altered microcirculation variables.

Study design

In vivo experiments.

Methods

Six healthy adult horses were anaesthetised with dexmedetomidine, ketamine, and diazepam and were mechanically ventilated under isoflurane anaesthesia. Endotoxaemia was induced with 30 ng kg−1 Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide intravenously. One hundred and twenty minutes later fluid bolus and noradrenaline (NA) infusion were administered to produce normotension. Pulse rate (PR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were measured and microcirculation variables were obtained by side‐stream darkfield technique (de Backer density (DBD), perfused de Backer density (PDBD), proportion of perfused vessels, microvascular flow index (MFI), heterogeneity index (HI)), laser Doppler flowmetry (blood flow) and white light spectrometry (tissue oxygen saturation (tSO2)) in sublingual, jejunal and genital area. Measurements were obtained at baseline, after endotoxin, at 60 and 120 min and during the normotensive phase. Data were analysed by mixed model variance analysis and Tukey–Kramer.

Results

The PPV decreased significantly over time by 30% (p < 0.001) at the jejunum. MFI decreased from baseline to ET60 and from baseline to ET120 in sublingual and genital mucosa (2.9 vs. 1.4, p < 0.001 and 2.8 vs. 1.9, p < 0.01), respectively. The sublingual HI increased from baseline to ET60, ET120 and NA (0.1 vs. 0.9, p = 0.02; vs. 0.6, p = 0.01; vs. 0.3, p = 0.01), respectively. The genital HI increased from baseline to ET120 (0.2 vs. 1.1, p ≤ 0.01) and NA (0.16 vs. 0.53, p < 0.05, respectively). Moderate agreement between observers for MFI assessment was present (kappa = 0.4). The PR significantly increased, and MAP significantly decreased from baseline over time.

Main limitations

The obtained data could be influenced by secretions, pressure artefacts, the experience of the examiner and the sampling location. Blood flow was not quantified and there was no control group.

Conclusions

Overall, short‐term experimental endotoxaemia did negatively alter MFI and HI; however, it did not alter tSO2, blood flow, DBD, PDBD or proportion of perfused vessels. Intravenous fluid therapy and NA did not restore MFI and HI to baseline values.
Senolytic Targeting of Anti‐Apoptotic Bcl Family Increases Cell Death in UV‐Irradiated Senescent Melanocytes: Search for Senolytics
Authors: Kim Jin Cheol , Kim Na Yeon , Kim Yeongeun , Baek Du Jin , Park Tae Jun , Kang Hee Young
Published: January 2025

Senescent melanocytes have been suggested to play a role in the development of ageing‐associated pigmentary changes and skin ageing. Here, we assessed the senolytic capacity of recognised senolytic chemicals and natural compounds in UV‐irradiated senescent melanocytes. Among the tested agents, only ABT‐737 and ABT‐263 showed a significant reduction in the number of SA‐β‐Gal‐positive senescent melanocytes and in the expressions of p16INK4A and p21Waf1. The senolytic effects of the ABT drugs were associated with increased expression of cleaved caspase‐3, which was hindered with a caspase inhibitor, Z‐VAD. These findings indicate that ABT‐737 and ABT‐263 eliminate senescent melanocytes through caspase‐mediated apoptosis, suggesting their future potential to address ageing skin.
Flying Fish Habitat and Co‐Occurrence With Seabirds in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Michael Pamela E. , Haney J. Christopher , Gleason Jeffrey S. , Hixson Kathy M. , Satgé Yvan G. , Jodice Patrick G. R.
Published: January 2025

Flying fish (family Exocoetidae) play an important role in marine food webs, linking sub‐surface and aerial predators. The association of seabirds with sub‐surface predators in subtropical and tropical regions through facilitated foraging events is a well‐known phenomenon and is sometimes used to identify fishing grounds for flying fish, flying fish roe, and tunas. In the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGoM), few studies have assessed flying fish distribution, and none have directly evaluated flying fish–seabird co‐occurrence. Using vessel‐based observations of surfacing flying fish flights, we characterized the distribution of flying fish and their co‐occurrence patterns with seabirds in the nGoM. We modeled the distribution and relative density of flying fish flights using Generalized Additive Models. We then assessed co‐occurrence patterns of flying fish with all seabird species seen in the area, encompassing the footprint of flying fish detections. Flying fish were detected across the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone, with flight densities greater on the mid‐continental shelf and into pelagic waters south of Louisiana, and greater flight densities were associated with regionally low chlorophyll‐a and warm water. Flying fish flights were greatest in spring months through early fall months. Sooty terns (Onychoprion fuscatus), considered near‐obligate commensals with tuna, contributed a much higher percent of the cumulative density of the seabirds co‐occurring with versus without flying fish. Flying fish could be an ecological attractant for high abundances of visually conspicuous sooty terns, the presence of which may lead to the formation of ephemeral facilitated foraging events consisting of mixed‐species seabird flocks.
Creating the 5A Nursing Response Model for the Emerging Pandemic: A Qualitative, Theory‐Generating Study
Authors: Rim Dahae , Shin Hyunsook , Jeon Hyejin , Lee Young‐Me , Shon Soonyoung , Shim Kaka , Kim Kyung Mi , Simonovich Shannon D.
Published: January 2025

Aim

The aim of this qualitative exploratory study aimed was to explore how nurses experienced and responded to the COVID‐19 pandemic crisis in clinical settings to develop a response model.

Design

Focus group interviews.

Methods

Thirteen focus group interviews (n = 50) with nurses and nurse leaders practicing in diverse clinical settings were conducted between May and July of 2021 in South Korea. A content analysis was utilised to analyse and interpret the transcribed texts of the recorded focus group interviews.

Results

Five main themes emerged about nurses' responses through the progression of the COVID‐19 pandemic: (1) Alarm, (2) Assessment, (3) Adaptation, (4) Amplification, and (5) Affect, forming a 5A nursing response model. The first four themes describe a time‐ordered sequence, while the fifth theme describes the fluctuations in nurses' affect over time.

Conclusions

Our findings explain how nurses deal with an unknown crisis, innovate and lead in the middle of that crisis, and provide a valuable theoretical foundation for developing the 5A response model to prepare for future pandemics. Understanding these core response experiences is vital to preventing the breakdown of the medical system and improving the quality of care provided in emergencies in hospitals and communities.

Implications for the Profession (Or Patient Care)

Nursing professionals experienced significant emotional upheaval during the pandemic as they continuously adapted to an evolving situation. They assessed the circumstances, addressed emerging challenges, and broadened their nursing competencies to meet unprecedented demands.

Impact

The 5A response model could serve as a blueprint for nurses to effectively respond to unknown crises, innovate, and lead in the middle of a crisis in the future.

Reporting Method

We used the COREQ guidelines.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
DNA hypomethylation‐related expression of hsa‐miR‐184 contributes to invasive growth of gonadotroph neuroendocrine pituitary tumors
Authors: Tsegaye Biniyam , Kober Paulina , Mossakowska Beata Joanna , Baluszek Szymon , Maksymowicz Maria , Buchalska Barbara , Kunicki Jacek , Bujko Mateusz
Published: January 2025

Gonadotroph neuroendocrine pituitary tumors are among the most common intracranial neoplasms. A notable proportion of these tumors is characterized by invasive growth which hampers the treatment results and worsens prognoses of patients. Increased hsa‐miR‐184 expression was observed in invasive as compared to non‐invasive gonadotroph tumors. This study aimed to determine the role of hsa‐miR‐184 expression in invasive growth of gonadotroph tumors. QRT‐PCR and bisulfite pyrosequencing were used for evaluating hsa‐miR‐184 expression and MIR184 DNA methylation levels, respectively, in tumors and normal pituitary samples. LβT2 and αT3‐1 gonadotroph cells were used to test the effect of miR‐184 on cell viability (MTT test), proliferation (BrdU incorporation), and migration (scratch assay). RNA sequencing was applied for transcriptome profiling in miR‐184‐treated and untreated LβT2 cells. Differential genes expression analysis combined with target prediction served for identification of miR‐184 targets. MiRNA‐mRNA interaction was subsequently validated with Luciferase reporter assay. Analysis of tissue samples showed that hsa‐miR‐184 is upregulated in gonadotroph tumors and its expression is higher in invasive than in noninvasive ones. Promoter of MIR184 is demethylated in tumors, and the methylation level is negatively correlated with hsa‐miR‐184 expression. Transfecting LβT2 and αT3‐1 with miR‐184 mimic resulted in increased cellular proliferation and viability. Differentially expressed genes were identified when comparing miR‐184‐treated and untreated cells, including Nus1 as the only predicted miR‐184 target. The interaction between miR‐184 and 3'UTR of Nus1 was confirmed in vitro in both LβT2 and αT3‐1. Overexpression of Nus1 resulted in lowering cell viability in both cell lines and proliferation in LβT2. The expression level of NUS1 was lower in invasive than in noninvasive tumors. Our results indicate that DNA hypomethylation‐related increase of hsa‐mir‐184 expression contributes to invasive growth of gonadotroph pituitary tumors through targeting NUS1, being one of the various molecular mechanisms involved in conferring aggressive growth potential.
Severe Liver‐Related Outcomes in Patients With Hepatitis Delta: Results From a Multi‐Ethnic Multicenter Long‐Term Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Furquim d’Almeida Arno , Ho Erwin , Govaerts Liesbeth , Michielsen Peter , Sersté Thomas , Bourgeois Stefan , Delwaide Jean , Moreno Christophe , Orlent Hans , Van Vlierberghe Hans , de Galocsy Chantal , Peeters Michael , Padalko Elizaveta , Van Gucht Steven , Vanwolleghem Thomas
Published: January 2025

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)–hepatitis delta virus (HDV) coinfection is the most severe form of chronic viral hepatitis, but the factors that determine disease progression and severity are incompletely characterised. This long‐term follow‐up study aims to identify risk factors for severe liver‐related outcomes. In this multicentre national cohort study, data from admission until the last visit between 2001 and 2023 was retrospectively collected from 162 HBV‐HDV coinfected patients. The inclusion criteria were HBsAg or HBV DNA positivity, anti‐HDV or HDV RNA positivity, and at least one follow‐up visit. The median follow‐up was 6.2 years (IQR 3.3–10.2). At baseline, 68/152 (44.7%) patients were diagnosed with advanced liver fibrosis. Forty patients (24.7%) had at least one severe liver‐related outcome during follow‐up. HDV viremia was detectable in 92 patients (64.3%) at last evaluation and was more frequently detectable in patients of European origin (p < 0.001). HDV RNA‐positive patients had a 4.7‐fold higher risk for severe liver‐related outcomes (p < 0.001) and were more frequently diagnosed with advanced fibrosis at baseline (p = 0.007) compared to HDV RNA‐negative patients. Multivariate analyses identified HDV RNA positivity, as well as several markers for liver disease severity, such as INR, platelet count, and advanced fibrosis at baseline, and age at admission as independent risk factors for severe liver‐related outcomes. In conclusion, almost one in four HBV‐HDV coinfected patients developed a severe liver‐related outcome during follow‐up. Several markers for liver disease severity and HDV RNA positivity were the strongest predictors for outcomes.
Echocardiographic evaluation of the size of the main pulmonary artery and right pulmonary artery in dogs with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Grosso Giovanni , Tognetti Rosalba , Domenech Oriol , Della Pina Andrea , Marchesotti Federica , Patata Valentina , Vezzosi Tommaso
Published: January 2025

Background

Evaluating the size of the pulmonary artery (PA) is key for the echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in dogs.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To compare the diagnostic accuracy of the main PA (MPA) and right PA (RPA) sizes for the echocardiographic detection of PH in dogs, and to evaluate differences between precapillary and postcapillary PH dogs.

Animals

Four hundred four dogs; 136 controls and 268 with PH.

Methods

Prospective, multicenter, observational study. The MPA, maximum and minimum RPA diameter were normalized to body weight (MPA_N, RPAmax_N, and RPAmin_N). The MPA was also indexed to the ascending aorta (MPA/AO), while the RPA size was indexed to the aortic annulus (RPAmax/Aod and RPAmin/Aod). The right pulmonary artery distensibility index (RPADi) was also calculated. The diagnostic accuracy of PA parameters for PH was assessed through the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and area under the curve (AUC). Measurement variability was assessed trough the coefficient of variation (CV).

Results

The RPADi, RPAmin_N, and RPAmin/Aod showed similar diagnostic accuracy for the detection of PH (AUC = 0.975, AUC = 0.971, and AUC = 0.953, respectively), higher than MPA/AO (AUC = 0.926), MPA_N (AUC = 0.880), RPAmax_N (AUC = 0.814), and RPAmax/Aod (AUC = 0.803; P < .05). Aside from RPAmax variables, no differences were found between precapillary and postcapillary PH. RPA size parameters showed lower CVs in comparison to MPA/AO and RPADi.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Although MPA/AO showed an excellent sensitivity and specificity for the detection of PH, the RPAmin exhibited a higher diagnostic accuracy and less measurement variability, thus could represent a new useful parameter for the detection of PH in dogs.
Molecular Epidemiology and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Candidozyma Isolates From Argentina
Authors: Taverna Constanza Giselle , Córdoba Susana , Haim Maria Sol , Lombardo Micaela , Vivot Matías Ezequiel , Arias Bárbara Abigail , Vivot Walter , Szusz Wanda , Abbey Darren , Poklépovich Tomas Javier , Canteros Cristina Elena
Published: January 2025

Background

Epidemiological surveillance of Candidozyma sp. has become important because many species of this new genus have been reported to be responsible for nosocomial outbreaks and to exhibit elevated minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) to one or more classes of antifungal drugs.

Objectives

To describe the genetic relationships among Argentinian clinical isolates belonging to the Candidozyma genus and to study the molecular mechanisms associated with antifungal resistance.

Methods

We performed whole‐genome sequencing of 41 isolates. Identification was based on ribosomal DNA sequencing and susceptibility testing was determined according to the EUCAST document. Phylogenetic analysis, non‐synonymous mutations in genes associated with antifungal resistance and the presence of copy number variations (CNVs) were investigated.

Results

We identified 12 Candidozyma haemuli, 11 Candidozyma haemuli var. vulneris, 5 Cz. haemuli/ Cz. haemuli var. vulneris ITS hybrids, 8 Candidozyma duobushaemuli and 5 Candidozyma cf. pseudohaemuli. Phylogenetic analysis, together with clinical data, demonstrated nosocomial transmission events. In addition, Cz. haemuli and Cz. haemuli var. vulneris were not separated in the phylogenetic tree; the Cz. cf. pseudohaemuli isolates clustered distantly from the Cz. pseudohaemuli type strain. Most isolates were resistant to amphotericin B, and two Cz. haemuli isolates showed fluconazole resistance and Y132F mutation in ERG11. We did not find CNV in genes associated with antifungal resistance.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the need for epidemiological surveillance of these species and the study of molecular mechanisms associated with antifungal resistance. Furthermore, we propose a taxonomic revision for Cz. haemuli var. vulneris and Cz. pseudohaemuli based on genomic data.
Revision of subfamily Calonecrinae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea: Nitidulidae) systematics and natural history of a mysterious group
Authors: Lee Min Hyeuk , Lee Seunghyun , Jelínek Josef , Leschen Richard A. B. , Bai Ming , Yap Sheryl A. , Lee Seunghwan
Published: January 2025

Calonecrinae represent a unique but small subfamily of Nitidulidae that is endemic to South Asia. Their habitats, the South Asian lowland forests, are under the imminent threat of degradation, posing a risk of rapid extinction for these species in their specific locales. Despite the looming threat to their existence, our understanding of this enigmatic group remains limited. We conducted an examination of museum and newly collected specimens, alongside a review of the literature, which led to the discovery of a new species, Calonecrus mindanaoensis sp. nov., from Mindanao, Philippines. Additionally, we provide detailed illustrations of various type specimens of the genus Calonecrus Thomson. For the first time, the immature stages of Calonecrinae were described based on Calonecrus jendeki, with detailed photographs including scanning electron microscopy images. Additionally, their natural history was uncovered, revealing that all life stages are uniquely adapted to complete their entire life cycle in sticky sap. We reevaluate the phylogenetic placement of the Calonecrinae based on phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial genomes. Calonecrinae positioned within the Epuraeinae clade and are phylogenetically related to the epuraeine genus Trimenus. Consequently, this study proposes reclassifying Calonecrinae as Calonecrini stat. nov., an extremely modified tribe within the Epuraeinae. This research significantly broadens our understanding of the ecology of Calonecrini. Along with the taxonomic and phylogenetic results, we provide a solid foundation for the conservation of this group and further research into their unique habitat preferences and evolutionary behaviour.
Alban Berg. Wozzeck
Authors: Delaere Mark
Published: January 2025

Wozzeck is een van de belangrijkste opera’s van de twintigste eeuw. Het verhaal over een vernederde en uitgebuite soldaat grijpt de operabezoeker telkens weer naar de keel. Alban Berg baseerde zijn operalibretto op een toneeltekst van de vroeg-romantische schrijver Georg Büchner. Deze compacte operagids verkent Bergs bewerking van de toneeltekst en belicht de muzikale vormgeving van het werk. Ook de plaats van Wozzeck in de opera-esthetiek van de eerste helft van de twintigste eeuw komt aan bod.
Effectiveness of Combined Physical and Psychological Interventions on Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Adult Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: a Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Ramos Sílvia , Gomes Aramid , Rosinhas Ana , Silva Rosa , Goes Margarida , Sampaio Francisco
Published: January 2025

Objective:

The objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of combined physical and psychological interventions on anxiety and depression symptoms in adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Introduction:

By 2030, COPD is expected to be the third-leading cause of death and the seventh in terms of overall health impact, measured in disability-adjusted life years. As with other comorbidities, anxiety and depression disorders influence the prognosis. Combined physical and psychological interventions may have better results than isolated interventions for symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Inclusion criteria:

Studies with adult patients with COPD and anxiety and depression symptoms who have undergone combined physical and psychological interventions will be considered for inclusion. This review will primarily include randomized clinical trials.

Methods:

Articles will be searched in CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Academic Search Complete, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection (via EBSCOhost), APA PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, and Scopus. Two independent reviewers will select the studies and apply the JBI tools for critical appraisal and data extraction. Studies will be pooled in a meta-analysis whenever possible. The χ2 test and I2
statistics will be the standard tools for assessing heterogeneity. Statistical analyses will be carried out using the random effects model. The fixed effects model will be applied if there is low heterogeneity between included studies (I2
 < 50, or P ≥ 0.5). The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach will be used to grade the certainty of the evidence, and a Summary of Findings will be presented.

Review registration:

PROSPERO CRD42024550523
Effects of noradrenaline and phenylephrine on cerebral oxygen saturation during cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgery
Authors: Marques Edouard , Couture Etienne J. , Bussières Jean S. , Langevin Stephan , Poirier Paul , Voisine Pierre , Caouette Manon , Brassard Patrice
Published: January 2025

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in cardiac surgery is associated with a high risk of postoperative neurological complications. Perioperative use of vasopressors is common to counteract arterial hypotension in this setting. However, use of α‐agonist vasopressors has been associated with cerebral desaturations. Given that reductions in cerebral oxygen saturation () can increase postoperative neurological dysfunction, we aimed to investigate the impact of noradrenaline (NA) and phenylephrine (PE) on during the CPB period of a cardiac surgery in 36 patients scheduled for an elective cardiac surgery. Patients were randomized to the intra‐operative use of either NA or PE. During CPB, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was elevated pharmacologically to predefined thresholds of 60 and 80 mmHg, while CPB flow was kept constant. The values were recorded for 5 min per MAP threshold. The MAP increased adequately between thresholds of 60 and 80 mmHg (NA, 59 ± 3 vs. 81 ± 3 mmHg and PE, 61 ± 4 vs. 81 ± 3 mmHg; P ˂ 0.01). The decreased between pressure thresholds of 60 and 80 mmHg (NA, 70 ± 11 vs. 69 ± 11 mmHg and PE, 64 ± 11 vs. 63 ± 11 mmHg; P ˂ 0.01). Reduction in did not differ between vasopressors. The mean relative decrease in across groups was 2.0% (95% confidence interval: 0.6 to 2.1). Elevation in MAP mediated solely by vasopressors induces significant decreases in during cardiac surgery under CPB. However, their impact on remains clinically non‐significant according to current guidelines.
Study of Deformation Mechanism and Surface Formation of Laser Coupled Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Turning of SiCp/Al Composites
Authors: Hao ZhaoPeng , Zhuang XiaoHan , Fan YiHang
Published: January 2025

In order to enhance the machinability of SiCp/Al composites and improve the surface quality after machining, a laser-ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining (LA-UVAM) method is presented. In order to investigate the deformation mechanism in the material and the mechanism of surface formation in LA-UVAM, a finite element model of LA-UVAM was established. Using the secondary development imported into abaqus, the Johnson–Cook principal equations containing strain gradients were programmed into the user subroutine VUMAT for simulation. Combining the simulation and experimental results, the influence of dislocation motion in the temperature, stress, and strain gradient effects on cutting deformation during SiCp/Al composite machining was analyzed from the perspective of material dislocation theory. The results show that the presence of SiC particles changes the microstructure of the matrix material and induces high strain gradients in the matrix. In addition, the damage of the particles is closely related to their relative position to the tool. LA-UVAM significantly improves the surface quality with fewer broken particles and defects on the machined surface compared to the conventional machining method. The simulation results are in good agreement with the cutting experiment results. Therefore, LA-UVAM can be used for the efficient machining of SiCp/Al composites.
Investigation of Thermal Characteristics of Turbulent Non-Premixed Flames in a Conical Bluff Body Using Ridge and Support Vector Regressor Algorithms
Authors: Quadros Jaimon Dennis , Mogul Ibtisam , Ata Alper , Bedii Ozdemir I. , Mohin Ma
Published: January 2025

The current work aims to develop computational models for the thermal characteristics of turbulent CH4 flames for varying burner dimensions. This study develops a platform for data-driven analysis of temperature prediction of turbulent non-premixed flames, in which the influence of flow and geometric parameters, including burner head diameter (D), half cone angles (α), and co-flow air velocity (Ucf), have been considered. The algorithms used were ridge regressor (RR), linear regressor (LR), and three variations of support vector regression (SVR): SVR with a linear kernel (SVR-LR), SVR with a radial basis function (SVR-RBF), and SVR with a polynomial kernel (SVR-Poly). The performance of each computational model was evaluated and contrasted based on several metrics: mean absolute error, regression coefficient (R2), mean absolute percentage error, and mean Poisson deviance. From the modeling of the output data, it was observed that the SVR-RBF predictions were more accurate compared to those from the other algorithms, as it achieved the highest training value of 0.955. The testing predictions of RR, SVR-LR, SVR-RBF, and SVR-Poly algorithms were also robust, with R2 values ranging between 0.91 and 0.94. It is, therefore, established that these computational models are effectively suited for predicting sensitive turbulent CH4 flame characteristics based on varying input factors.
Comparison of Analytical Models for Heat Flux Measurement Using Slug Calorimeter: Integration of Finite Element Analysis and Optimization Technique
Authors: Saputra M Dito , Gantina Hendra , Abrizal Haryadi , Priyadana Ikhwannuary Raditya , Sanjaya Arief Budi , Jihad Bagus Hayatul , Sutrisno
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on comparing the accuracy of existing analytical models for heat flux measurement using a copper slug calorimeter in high-temperature environments. Two analytical models, the No Loss Model, with simpler calculations by ignoring heat loss, and the Slug Loss Model, which incorporates heat loss for greater accuracy, are evaluated. A novel measurement approach, combining finite element analysis (FEA), optimization techniques, and experimental data, was developed to provide a robust framework for this comparison. The new method was tested by comparing its results with those obtained from the two existing models. The heat flux values were 237.181Wcm−2 for the No Loss Model, 255.26Wcm−2 for the Slug Loss Model, and 253.36Wcm−2 from the proposed approach (Numerical Estimation method). The results demonstrated that the proposed approach aligns more closely with the Slug Loss Model, suggesting its suitability for accurate heat flux measurement in high-temperature environments and its utility as a tool for comparing analytical methods. These findings provide valuable insights for choosing appropriate models in various heat flux measurement applications.
Wave Energy Converter for Off-Grid Applications
Authors: Anunobi Francisca , Spitler Quinton , McGarrah Patricia , Duan Shawn
Published: January 2025

This project explores the design and manufacture of a wave energy converter (WEC) for off-grid applications. The objective of the project was to build from existing designs to reduce production costs, enhance efficiency, and produce a device that could be integrated into off-shore or near-shore power systems. The authors proposed a point-absorber style WEC prototype to meet these objectives, where a flotation device was used to convert the oscillating force of the waves to electricity. The device uses a stationary rack and a floating buoy that contains a pinion gear, a gear box, and a generator. The vertical translation movement of the buoy along the rack rotates the pinion shaft. The pinion shaft is attached to a gear box that uses a set of clutches to convert the bidirectional input to a unidirectional output, driving a three phase AC generator that powers a LED. After finalizing the design for the WEC and its power-takeoff system, a series of analyses, simulations, and testing protocols were carried out to validate the proposed design elements. Physical prototype testing of the WEC yielded a frequency of 6.5 Hz and 12.37 VDC.
AI-Powered Robot-Assisted Automated Assembly Inspection System for Industry 4.0
Authors: Chauhan Vedang Dilipkumar , Maziarz Grant , Cardoso Dos Santos Simone
Published: January 2025

The integration of robotics in the industry offers the potential for optimizing resources, productivity, and manufacturing efficiency. With the increasing prevalence and affordability of industrial robots, there is a possibility of reducing the prices of goods produced with their assistance, making them more accessible and affordable to a broader consumer base, thereby enhancing living standards and quality of life. This research project focuses on the design and implementation of an advanced AI-powered robot assisted automated assembly inspection system that combines Fanuc robot LR Mate 200 iD/4s, computer vision, and AI. The robot facilitates material handling and precise positioning of a vision camera for capturing images, while an AI-trained model aids in the classification of assemblies as either good or defective. Additionally, a machine vision system is employed to locate defects. The project aims to minimize defects and enhance product quality, thereby reducing costs associated with rework, scrap, and warranty claims. The system’s proof of concept involves testing it with a small car assembly consisting of multiple components. A database of images, encompassing both good and defective cars from various camera views, is generated. Deep learning algorithms are utilized to train the AI system, and computer vision algorithms are developed to identify defects. The decisions made by the AI system are communicated to the robot for sorting products into good and defective categories. The robot demonstrates impressive repeatability and absolute accuracy. The AI system achieves a classification accuracy of 98% on a test dataset, while the machine vision system accomplishes 96% accuracy in defect localization. Combining the accuracies of AI classification and the vision system, the overall accuracy of the system reaches 94%. The developed system represents a scaled-down version of an Industry 4.0 system and can be expanded to larger-scale industrial automation. The research work presents two significant contributions: (1) the demonstration of a small-scale Industry 4.0 system that integrates a robot, vision system, and AI for assembly defect detection, and (2) the encouragement of student engagement in AI applications through project-based learning.
The Legacy of Henry R. Towne - The Business Digital Twin Built Upon a Business Model Ontology
Authors: Stefanov Trifon , Stefanov Stefan
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces a pervasive digital technology called Business Digital Twin (BDT), developed over the last 25 years, as a software that digitally recreates all enterprise processes and allows for their efficient management in real-time and even simulation of future enterprise variant states. The paper also outlines the ontological foundation of BDT called Business Model Ontology (BMO) which represents the culmination of three engineering waves in the development of managerial knowledge initiated by Henry R. Towne.

In 2024, we commemorate 100 years since Henry R. Towne’s death, one of the most prominent figures in the fields of engineering and shop management and the 8th President of ASME. To honor his memory and understand the necessity for a Business Digital Twin, we would like to remind and bring attention to one of Henry R. Towne’s most notable and vital presentations — “The Engineer as an Economist.” In his work, Henry R. Towne states that it is challenging for machine-related manufacturing enterprises to be developed since their success depends on the “ability of the managers while receiving little benefit or aid from all that may have been done previously by others in precisely the same field of work.”

Henry R. Towne defined the difficulties and challenges related to the creation and management of manufacturing enterprises, due to the lack of systemic scientific knowledge about it. We define this systemic knowledge as Business Model Ontology. Towne states that “A vast amount of accumulated experience in the art of workshop management already exists, but there is no record of it available to the world in general...” Nearly 140 years since the publication of this statement by the American Society of Mechanical Engineering (ASME), a universally accepted and comprehensive Business Model Ontology has yet to be widely disseminated.

The methodology used to develop the Business Digital Twin as well as the Business Model Ontology is based on the laboratory approach to scientific research. All new developments were practically tested in industrial enterprises, as specifically created real-world R&D test ground environments.

Given the thorough and detailed nature of both the Business Model Ontology and the Business Digital Twin, we propose that a vast cognitive database could be constructed through the Business Digital Twin framework to encompass various types of manufacturing enterprises. The development of such a crucial open-source database would significantly aid in the establishment of new enterprises and the restructuring and optimization of old ones. This, among other potential impacts discussed in the paper, would facilitate the successful implementation of Industry 4.0 and 5.0 strategies, which aligns with the vision set out by Henry R. Towne in “The Engineer as an Economist.”
Solar Power Tower: An Alternative Method to Power Egypt
Authors: Imam Ramy K.
Published: January 2025

This research aims to identify and evaluate potential locations for establishing solar power tower systems in Egypt, with the objective of determining the optimal site for a concentrated solar power (CSP) plant. The study focuses on identifying the most suitable location for a solar power tower system in the country. Four potential sites are identified and meticulously assessed through a preliminary design analysis conducted at each location, facilitating an informed and optimal site selection process. To ensure a comprehensive evaluation, the study involves an extensive review of meteorological data and irradiance potential for each location. This includes analyzing factors such as solar radiation levels, temperature, and weather patterns, which are critical for assessing the feasibility and efficiency of CSP technologies. The rigorous analysis of these factors ensures that each site’s suitability is thoroughly examined, taking into account the local environmental conditions that could impact the performance of the solar power tower system. By evaluating these sites, this research aims to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of the solar power tower system. This strategic approach contributes significantly to the broader goal of leveraging Egypt’s abundant solar resources for sustainable energy generation, thereby addressing the country’s energy crisis and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. The findings of this research are expected to provide valuable insights into the optimal deployment of CSP technology in Egypt, promoting a shift towards cleaner and more sustainable energy solutions.
Characterization and Performance Evaluation of New Nanocomposite Materials Derived From Recycled Polypropylene and Nano Fillers
Authors: Alsafy Mahmoud , Alzebdeh Khalid , Al-Hinai Nasr
Published: January 2025

Recently, a growing interest in investigating alternatives to synthetic fibers has been increased due to environmental concerns such as increased carbon footprints and waste management. Thus, various industries’ principal focus has been on developing Nano-sized filler from biomass material to manufacture products for an abundance application. Furthermore, to develop green composites in the industrial sector, extraction and Nano-sized fibers have proven desirable. From a commercial and environmental standpoint, chemical fragmentation and shrinking of waste lignocellulosic fibers to small particles is a potential alternative.

The aim of this research is to assess the mechanical and physical properties of two newly formulated nanocomposite materials. These composites are produced by blending recycled polypropylene (rPP), serving as the primary matrix, with either Nano date palm particles (NDPP) or Nano calcium dioxide particles (NCaP) at varying contents to act as reinforcing fillers. The process involves pulverizing date palm microfibers derived from agricultural waste into nano-sized lignocellulose fillers using a ball milling machine operating at an efficient speed of 12 cycles per hour. Subsequently, the two types of Nano fillers are mixed with rPP using a double screw extruder machine to fabricate the nanocomposites — Nano Date Palm Composite (NDPC) and Nano Calcium Dioxide Composite (NCaC). Compression molding is employed to produce sheets, and test specimens are prepared in compliance with ASTM standards for evaluation using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Results indicate that the highest tensile strength among the reinforced polymers was attained with 3% wt. NDPC and 2% wt. NCaC, exhibiting enhancements of 48% and 61%, respectively, compared to neat rPP. Moreover, flexural strength increased by 30% with 3% NDPC and by 38% with 2% NCaC over the neat matrix. While both nanoparticles resulted in a slight decrease in Young’s modulus — 15.6% with 3% NDPC and 2% NCaC — their inclusion enhanced elongation at break and flexural modulus, thereby augmenting the ductility of the neat polymer.

Morphological analysis via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is important to illustrate the crosslinking between the matrix and the nanoparticles. It revealed that 2% NCaC exhibited superior filler dispersion and greater physical interlocking with the polymeric matrix compared to 3% NDPC. In addition, physical properties illustrate the importance of the material density and melting flow rate to the manufacturer as indication of productivity of the composites. Therefore, NDPC displayed a lower density than NCaC, yet exhibited higher viscosity as indicated by Melt Flow Index (MFI) analysis. This is due to the density of the NDPP is higher than the NCaP. Consequently, NDPC, serving as a Nano bio-composite, offers economically viable and sustainable production prospects, showing promise for diverse industrial applications.
Analysis of the Factors and Coupling Mechanism of Nozzle Jam in Continuous Carbon Fibre 3D Printing
Authors: Bai Jieren , Deng Ziguang , Liu Xiaolong , Yu Ying , Wang Yu
Published: January 2025

Dual-nozzle pre-impregnated filament (PPF) printing has emerged as a leading method in continuous carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites (CCFRTP) 3D printing due to its reduced porosity and enhanced interphase interface. However, frequent nozzle jamming issues in this process can significantly decrease printing efficiency and even damage printing equipment. Although measures have been developed to promptly detect clogging to prevent the blockage from further expanding, and numerous experiments have shown that various complex factors contribute to nozzle clogging, the underlying mechanisms triggering the nozzle jam remain unclear. In this paper, firstly, the characteristics of continuous carbon fibre and the differences of process between PPF printing and traditional resin printing are identified; secondly, three primary causes of nozzle clogging and seven specific clogging scenarios are summarized, with the factors responsible for each scenario and their interplay mechanisms analyzed; ultimately, from a process perspective, these factors are categorized into three classes: printing equipment, filament printability, and process parameters/strategies. By identifying potential mechanisms for nozzle jam, recommendations are made for equipment positioning accuracy and toolhead quality, PPF printability requirements are outlined, and theoretical frameworks are provided for determining optimal process parameters for different filaments, thereby reducing the likelihood of nozzle jam in this process.
A Depth Analysis of Hydrogen Utilization in the Automotive Sector From a Long-Term Perspective
Authors: Carrera-Rivera Gabriel , Espinoza-Andaluz Mayken , Ordóñez-Saca Brayan , Santana-Villamar Jordy
Published: January 2025

This analysis provides an overview of hydrogen and its use in the automotive industry. With the depletion of fossil fuel supplies and the rapid increase in energy costs, it is crucial to develop environmentally friendly propulsion systems to address the growing social and environmental demands. The use of PEM fuel cells as a hydrogen conversion element is experiencing a significant surge. It could pave the way for realizing its enormous potential as a clean energy source. In this context, a review of the various uses of these technologies within the automotive sector is conducted, particularly emphasizing the use of renewable raw materials or sustainable energy sources. As is common with most technological innovations, the initial stages of development and implementation are often linked to government policies and initiatives. In nations with an established automotive industry, long-term funds have been set up to invest in the research and development of fuel cell technologies.
Cold Spray-Produced Functional Surfaces for Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Kim Young Won , Akin Semih , Jun Martin Byung-Guk , Sutherland John W.
Published: January 2025

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are cutting-edge energy harvesting devices to convert abundant mechanical energy sources into electrical power. High-throughput manufacturing of triboelectric surfaces with improved performance and reliability is the key for the large-scale deployment of TENG technology. In the present study, the cold spray (CS) particle deposition technique is employed to fabricate functional surface structures to realize TENGs and smart sensors. Both soft (e.g., tin) and hard (e.g., copper) micron-scale particles are deposited on the target substrates to create the functional surfaces. Additionally, CS is coupled with an electroless deposition process to produce electrically conductive micro-porous (Ra = 2.17 μm) copper surfaces. These surfaces serve as a positive friction layer and a back-electrode for the TENGs. The fabricated surfaces are subsequently utilized to develop innovative TENGs, demonstrating the potential of these surface structures in triboelectric energy harvesting and smart sensing applications. The results reveal that the CS-based functional surfaces lead to significantly improved energy harvesting performance (≈3.5-fold higher performance) compared to friction layer and back-electrodes made of conventional materials, such as copper and aluminum foil.
Surface Profile Analysis of Stainless-Steel Guidewire Post-Cutting: Stainless Steel vs. Tungsten Carbide-Coated Blades
Authors: Ali Mohammod , Srivastava Rupal , Kelly Damian
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the surface profile alterations of stainless-steel guidewires after cutting using two distinct cutting instruments: stainless steel and tungsten carbide-coated scissors. Guidewires are vital components in various medical procedures, including cardiovascular interventions and minimally invasive surgeries. It is essential to find an in-house snapping method for medical professionals to manipulate the dimension of the stainless-steel guidewire based on the requirement. The surface quality of these guidewires post-cutting significantly influences their performance and biocompatibility within the human body. The traditional method of cutting stainless steel guidewires employs stainless steel scissors, whereas modern approaches incorporate tungsten carbide blades for enhanced precision and durability. This comparative analysis evaluates surface characteristics, such as roughness, microstructural changes, and potential defects, induced by each cutting method. The investigation employs scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to quantify the surface alterations at micro scales. Repeated cutting was also carried out to study the effect on the blades caused by the continuous use of stainless-steel scissors and tungsten-carbide-coated scissors. Additionally, in future studies, the mechanical properties, including tensile strength and flexibility, of the cut segments will be evaluated to correlate surface features with structural integrity. The findings from this study are expected to provide valuable insights into the effects of cutting methods on the surface profile of stainless-steel guidewires, enabling medical device manufacturers and practitioners to optimize cutting techniques for improved performance and biocompatibility. Ultimately, this research aims to contribute to the advancement of medical device manufacturing processes, ensuring the delivery of quick, safe, and effective healthcare interventions.
Failure Mode and Effect Analysis in the Risk Assessment of the Main Engine System of an Anchor Handling Tug Supply Vessel
Authors: Ibazebo Ehidiame , Savsani Vimal , Siddhpura Arti , Siddhpura Milind
Published: January 2025

In the shipping industry, machinery and engine failure has been cited as the foremost cause of shipping incidents. Thus, ship owners and operators are now focused on achieving a safe and reliable ship system throughout a vessel’s lifespan through effective maintenance. This is very important for offshore supply vessels like anchor handling tug and supply vessels, as they serve a combination of function in the maritime sector. An efficient maintenance system is crucial for increasing operational efficiency, reducing costs, and ensuring safety and reliability of vessels. The challenge amongst ship operators is to identify the most critical components of the various systems present in the vessel. In this paper, a failure mode and effect analysis are used to assess the possible risks of components failure in the main engine system of an anchor handling and tug supply vessel operating off West Africa waters. Multiple experienced subject matter experts through questionnaires identified the main engine as the most important system of the anchor handling tug supply vessel, and data from the vessel owners were analyzed and used to identify the most critical components of the main engine system. The result allowed for a wider variety of opinion in selecting the most important system of the anchor handling tug supply vessel. Also, the risk assessment of the main engine was crucial in identifying the most critical components of the main engine.