bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Power Flow with Wind Turbine and Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensator Based on Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Fadhil Muqtada , Tawfeeq Al-Bahrani Layth
Published: February 2025

Increasing the penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) into power systems created challenges and difficulties in the management of power flow since RES have variable power production based on their sources, such as Wind Turbines (WT), which depend on the wind speed. This article used Optimal Power Flow (OPF) to reduce these difficulties and to explain how the OPF can manage the power flow over the system, taking different cases of WT power production based on the different wind speeds. It also used Fixable AC Transmission (FACT) devices such as Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensators (TCSC) to add features to the controllability of the power system. The OPF is a non-linear optimization problem. To solve this problem, the artificial intelligence optimization technique is used. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been used in the OPF problem in this article. The Objective Functions O.F. discussed here are losses (MW), Voltage Deviation VD (p.u.), and thermal generation fuel Cost ($/h). This article used the wind turbine bus magnitude voltage and the reactance of TCSC as a control variable in OPF. To test this approach, the IEEE 30 bus system is used.
Avances en el mejoramiento genético de café por estrés hídrico
Authors: Molina Diana María
Published: February 2025

El déficit hídrico es un estrés abiótico limitante para la agricultura, siendo más relevante para un cultivo perenne como el café, que tiene un ciclo de vida de hasta 25 años. La severidad del daño causado por la sequía depende entre otros factores de la distribución de la lluvia, la capacidad de retención de humedad del suelo y las pérdidas de agua a través de la evapotranspiración. La sequía afecta el crecimiento de la planta y el rendimiento de los cultivos. En Colombia aproximadamente el 26% de la caficultura se encuentra en zonas con déficit hídrico, algunas de las cuales también presentan alto brillo solar, combinación que reduce la producción, afectando los ingresos del 31% de las familias cafeteras. Además, la magnitud de las pérdidas en la cosecha de café depende de los daños causados por la deficiencia de agua durante la floración y el llenado de los frutos. En este seminario se presentará una revisión de los estudios de modelación del impacto del cambio climático en el cultivo de café, las principales respuestas de las plantas a déficit hídrico y los resultados de la evaluación de introducciones etíopes de Coffea arabica, accesiones diploides e híbridos interespecíficos de Caturra x Coffea canephora por tolerancia a déficit hídrico, algunas de las cuales no disminuyeron significativamente su biomasa total en déficit hídrico con relación al riego a capacidad de campo. Los mecanismos de adaptación a sequía les permiten a estas accesiones mantener el área foliar sin afectar la asimilación de nutrientes, la fotosíntesis y la biomasa. Teniendo en cuenta que en los próximos años se espera que la variabilidad climática sea cada vez más severa en diversas regiones cafeteras de Colombia estas accesiones son promisorias como progenitores para el desarrollo de una variedad tolerante a estrés hídrico.
The Influence of Environmental Management System and Environmental Performance on Financial Performance With Environmental Innovation as A Mediating Variable (Hospital and Healthcare Company in Jakarta)
Authors: Oktavianus Eko
Published: February 2025

Global warming and ozone depletion are acknowledged as significant environmental challenges, positioning environmental management systems as a central emphasis in endeavors to safeguard the environment. This also becomes the focal point for a business in executing its operational activities that can influence its financial performance. This study seeks to evaluate the influence of the Environmental Management System and Environmental Performance on Financial Performance, with Environmental Innovation acting as a mediating variable. This study utilizes a quantitative approach that includes the dissemination of questionnaires and a comprehensive literature evaluation for reference enhancement. The findings of this study demonstrate that Environmental Innovation, Environmental Management Systems, and Environmental Performance substantially improve Financial Performance. The Environmental Management System and Environmental Performance significantly enhance Environmental Innovation.
What are the Sociocultural Factors That Influence the Managerial Performance of Rural Women Entrepreneurs?
Authors: NTULI Lindokuhle Senamile
Published: February 2025

Women are considered to be an important human resource in South Africa, and every country should try to utilize them as mediators of economic growth and development. Sociocultural factors challenge them to achieve managerial performance. However, the literature focuses on sociocultural research for women in urban provinces of South Africa, neglecting rural women in KZN. On the other hand, sociocultural research usually overlooks the insufficient attention to the needs and challenges faced by women in their enterprises. This study aims to examine the factors influencing rural women's entrepreneurship performance in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). The study employed a qualitative approach, where open-ended semi-structured interviews were used as instruments for data collection. There were 26 questionnaires distributed to women entrepreneurs operating their businesses in rural KZN, specifically uMhlabuyalingana, eJozini and Big5Hlabisa. Thematic content analysis was the primary method utilized for analyzing the collected data. Findings reveal that these women demonstrate resilience and adaptability in managing business alongside family responsibilities. Strategic planning and conflict management are essential for overcoming challenges, although there is a need for leadership and financial management training. Sociocultural factors, including family responsibilities and varying levels of social support, play a significant role, while gender stereotypes continue to undermine their managerial abilities. Limited access to Technology hinders business growth, stressing the need for digital skills training to enhance efficiency, competitiveness, and market reach. Tailored support programs addressing these sociocultural and technological challenges are essential to enhancing rural women entrepreneurs' success and driving economic development in rural communities.
Halálos vita az üdülőfaluban
Authors: Vaczula József
Published: February 2025

The author provides a description of a 2012 homicide case in Klastrompuszta, Hungary.
Enough Sulfur and Iron for Potential Life Make Enceladus’s Ocean Fully Habitable
Authors: Xu Weiming , Liu Can , Zhang Ao , Lau Maggie , Cleaves H. James , Huang Fang , Glein Christopher R. , Hao Jihua
Published: February 2025

The Cassini spacecraft revealed life-forming elements like CHNOP and diverse organic compounds from Enceladus’s ocean. However, the availability of minor but bio-essential nutrients such as iron and sulfur remains unknown. Here, we perform geochemical modeling to explore their chemistry in Enceladus’s ocean. We find that dissolved iron predominantly occurs as Fe(ii) with a solubility ranging from 10−8 to 10−5 mole (kg H2O)−1 (decreasing with increasing pH). Dissolved sulfur, mainly present as HS−, is predicted to have a concentration of 10−6 to 10−4 mole (kg H2O)−1, and pH has only a minor effect on S solubility. Our predicted availabilities of Fe and S are close to measured concentrations in inhabited terrestrial serpentinization fluids, implying sufficient nutrients to support potential life. Our results also suggest that the reduction of ferric iron or sulfate might supply enough energy for chemotrophic metabolisms based on these reactions to complement previously proposed methanogenesis. The levels of bioproductivity supported by S availability are overall lower than those sustained by other nutrients, but still orders of magnitude higher than the maximum level of bioproductivity estimated from the supply of chemical energy.
Observations of Loki Patera by Juno during Close Flybys
Authors: Mura Alessandro , Lopes Rosaly M. C. , Tosi Federico , Zambon Francesca , Sordini Roberto , Mouginis-Mark Peter J. , Rathbun Julie , Bolton Scott , Radebaugh Jani , Adriani Alberto , Cicchetti Andrea , Grassi Davide , Mirino Melissa , Noschese Raffaella , Piccioni Giuseppe , Plainaki Christina , Sindoni Giuseppe
Published: February 2025

We used data from the Juno spacecraft to investigate both the spatial and temporal properties of Loki Patera on Io, acquired in two infrared bands between 2022 December and 2024 April, at pixel sizes ranging from 400 m to 15 km. Loki shows a thermal structure unlike other active lava lakes previously reported, with some brightening near the lake’s perimeter but lacking the continuous “hot ring” seen at other paterae. Modeling the slow rate of cooling suggests there is a significant volume of magma beneath the crust to provide the latent heat necessary to decelerate the cooling. A thermal propagation that may represent the signature of a resurfacing wave, going from the southwest of the lake to the north, was observed with a velocity of ∼2–3 km day−1. Data collected in 2024 may indicate the onset of a new resurfacing wave originating from a point source, rather than the foundering of a linear section of the crust. We also observed many small (∼3 km wide), closely spaced (∼10 km apart) islands that have persisted in the same locations for at least 45 years, since first being imaged by Voyager 1. The persistence of these islands challenges resurfacing models of Loki, as they have remained fixed—likely anchored to the lava lake floor—and have not noticeably changed in size, arguing against large-scale thermal erosion. The central island of Loki shows a few thermal structures associated with the fractures that cross the island, indicating that the fractures most likely contain molten lava.
On new spider species of the genus Episinus (Araneae, Theridiidae) from China and proposal of five species groups
Authors: Liang Yun , Liu Jinnan , Yin Haiqiang , Xu Xiang
Published: February 2025

Currently, the genus Episinus Walckenaer, 1809 includes 64 described species mainly being distributed in Asia, Africa and the Americas, with 16 described species in China. During the recent surveys across various regions of China, we found three previously undescribed species which have been identified as belonging to Episinus.

Three new species of Episinus Walckenaer, 1809 are described: Episinus anfu sp. nov. (♀) from Jiangxi Province, E. implicatus sp. nov. (♀) from Yunnan Province and E. pseudonubilus sp. nov. (♂♀) from Shaanxi Province. Based on morphological characteristics and previous studies, we further propose five species groups to accommodate the Chinese Episinus, including two species groups proposed by Liu et al. (2022). Detailed descriptions, photographs, hand drawings, DNA barcodes and a distribution map of the three new species are provided.
‘Trustworthy Allies’: International Organisations, Ernest Hemingway, Women Activists, and Spanish Republican Exiles in Cuba
Authors: Fernandez Guevara Daniel
Published: February 2025

A shortage of scholarship exists on US private chartable aid organisations and their efforts to help exiles of the Spanish Civil War. Notably, if the literature on US private aid groups is scant for the Spanish conflict, the research is simply non-existent for refugees who made their way to Cuba or the women in the United States who facilitated aid for these refugees. Thus, this essay addresses a crucial lacuna in the historiography by examining how US aid groups dealt with the crisis on the island. Buoyed by files in the American Friends Service Committee archive and my research in Cuba, I reveal that the confluence of Cuban state hostility against Spanish exile settlement, US private aid´s penchant for advancing a ‘national’ image abroad, and the author Ernest Hemingway´s close relationships to the ‘loyalist’ cause and its exiles, resulted in a selective distribution of aid by mostly women at ‘neutral’ private aid organisations.
Violence and the Displacement of Rail Workers of Altsasu-Alsasua in the Spanish Civil War and its Aftermath
Authors: Oviedo Silva Daniel , Aldave Monreal Esther , García-Funes Juan C. , Satrustegui Andres Imanol
Published: February 2025

Forced displacements in the context of civil wars are intimately bound to the violent practices which accompany them. In the case of the Spanish Civil War and its aftermath, this relationship manifested itself in the massive flight of people who feared reprisals but also in displacements imposed by the authorities, or motivated by social exclusion. Studies relating to internal population movements within this context are rare, however. This work deals with the flight of the rail workers of Altsasu-Alsasua in the days following the coup of July 1936. After reviewing the literature on wartime displacements, both internationally and in Spain, the article uses 175 records created during the subsequent dismissal of rail workers in order to trace their wartime experiences. First, we examine the circumstances that produced early flights, which only make sense if we bear in mind the myriad experiences of socio-political conflict which preceded the war and heralded its beginning. Thereafter, the article maps the itineraries of those who abandoned the area. Finally, we examine the difficulties that marked the return home and the displacements many rail workers endured as part of the regime’s repressive policies.
Mothers and children without bread. Hunger in the Auxilio Social Cocinas de Hermandad and Comedores Infantiles during post-war Francoism (1939-1940)
Authors: Román Ruiz Gloria
Published: February 2025

This article analyses one of the main social policies in post-war Spain: the welfare policies of Auxilio Social. In particular, it explores the conditions and daily operation of the Comedores Infantiles and Cocinas de Hermandad run by that Falangist institution in Madrid in the immediate postwar period (1939 and 1940). This work sustaines that the rations served in these charitable-assistance institutions were fewer, smaller, and of worse quality than officially recognised. Therefore, the food given to the needy mothers and children at these Auxilio Social premises was insufficient to quell their hunger. Moreover, since the facilities did not meet the minimum conditions of size, cleanliness, ventilation, and kitchen utensils, the attendees were exposed to infectious diseases. It is also argued that, beyond the food supply problems of those famine years, the ineffectiveness of the Comedores and Cocinas was often due to the staff who worked in them, as they often used to steal food for their own consumption or to sell on the black market. Finally, it is argued that, given its failure to feed the needy, Auxilio Social’s aim of extending support to the dictatorship through the guise of charity was tarnished.
Du théâtre de verdure au théâtre de la nature : entre filiation et émancipation
Authors: Thuillier Marie-Caroline
Published: February 2025

Au tournant du XXe siècle, un étonnant engouement pour le théâtre en plein air, qui a vu la multiplication d’espaces de représentations à ciel ouvert aux quatre coins de l’hexagone, s’empare de la société française. Parmi ces myriades de scènes, certaines sont désignées par le terme de « théâtre de la nature », dénomination qui revient alors de manière récurrente dans des articles de presse, des ouvrages ou des légendes de cartes postales. Mais quelle réalité architecturale, historique et paysagère recouvre cette terminologie ? Et de quelle manière la thématique du théâtre de la nature s’insère-t-elle dans celle du théâtre de verdure, motif paysager né au XVIIe siècle en Italie et dont la particularité est de transposer les codes de l’architecture du théâtre à l’italienne dans la matière végétale. Pour tenter de le déterminer, cet article revient donc sur les origines et les caractéristiques originelles du théâtre de verdure, sur sa diffusion à travers l’Europe des Lumières et sur ses évolutions au fil du temps, jusqu’à l’apparition de la terminologie « théâtre de la nature ». Entre filiation et émancipation, peu à peu semblent se dessiner les contours d’une nouvelle typologie.
Are Children With Autism Safe Online?
Authors: Abdulla Layan Zuheir , Efstratopoulou Maria
Published: February 2025

The chapter examines the online experiences of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), focusing on their unique vulnerabilities to internet-related risks. It explores common online threats faced by autistic children and investigates the crucial role of parental mediation in ensuring the online safety of children with ASD, discussing mediation strategies and their effectiveness. Finally, the chapter addresses the importance of raising awareness about online safety for autistic children and promoting inclusive online communities. Throughout, the chapter synthesizes relevant literature to provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities in supporting safe and positive online experiences for children with ASD. The chapter aims to inform parents, educators, and policymakers about the specific needs of autistic children in the digital age and highlight effective strategies for support and intervention.
Neurodivergent Students' Views on Internet Threats
Authors: Stone Bessie , Saggers Beth , Campbell Marilyn Anne , Yates Christine
Published: February 2025

School-aged students are an especially vulnerable group to internet threats such as inappropriate content, potentially harmful interactions, addictive behaviors, and age-inappropriate marketing. Internet threats have negative implications on students' social, emotional, psychological, and academic lives. However, there is scant research seeking students' voices regarding these issues and a lack of neurodivergent student representation. Current initiatives in research and education that focus on internet safety, inclusive education, and neurodiversity emphasize the importance of enabling students to share their perspectives in meaningful ways. Amplifying the inclusion of neurodivergent student voices is significant, because without understanding their perspectives, adults may not effectively communicate strategies to manage internet threats to those who most need it. This topic requires further investigation to ensure a nuanced approach to internet safety messages that responds to the needs of the students who adults are hoping to reach.
Non-Consensual Sexting Among Adolescents
Authors: Chasapis Dimitrios , Touloupis Thanos , Sofos Alivisos (Loisos) , Tsibidaki Asimina , Lipourli Eleni
Published: February 2025

The investigation of non-consensual sexting and its contributors in adolescence are significantly under-investigated. The present study investigated non-consensual sexting among adolescents, examining via a mediation model the contributing role of perceived parental love and support, peer pressure and sexual self-concept. Overall, 204 Greek junior high school students (53% boys) of third grade from randomly selected schools filled out a self-report questionnaire that included scales related to the variables involved. Based on the results, adolescents and mainly boys exhibited above average non-consensual sexting behaviors. Sexual self-concept proved to be a full mediator between perceived parental love and support and non-consensual sexting and a partial mediator between perceived peer pressure and non-consensual sexting. The findings imply the necessity of intensifying related school prevention actions, strengthening at the same time adolescents' interpersonal relationships with peers and parents, as well as their sexual self-concept as protective factors against non-consensual sexting.
Resilience in Africa's Transition to a Sustainable Digital and Blue Economy
Authors: Ekpemuaka Enameguono , Odunlade Oluwasegun R. , Maiyaki Sheneni Felix
Published: February 2025

Africa's transition to a digital and blue economy presents immense sustainable economic growth and development opportunities. This chapter examines the current state of these emerging sectors, focusing on Nigeria's early-stage efforts to harness their potential. The Blue Economy contributes significantly to Africa's GDP, while the digital economy has similarly transformative effects linked to increased mobile broadband penetration in sub-Saharan Africa. However, Nigeria's regulatory frameworks for both the blue and digital economies need to be translated into actionable strategies. This chapter explores existing policies and initiatives, such as the establishment of Nigeria's Ministry of Marine and Blue Economy in 2023 and the African Union's Digital Transformation Strategy for Africa. It identifies key gaps in policy and regulation. It proposes strategies for creating a more robust and cohesive framework that supports sustainable development, economic resilience, and innovation across the blue and digital economies.
Sustaining Africa's Blue and Digital Economy Transition
Authors: Odunlade Oluwasegun Raphael , Isikwei Bolum
Published: February 2025

Africa's economic landscape is being reshaped by the Blue and Digital Economies (BDE), which offer new opportunities for job creation, growth, and sustainable development. This chapter examines emerging job roles in sectors such as coastal tourism, fisheries, aquaculture, marine biotechnology, and non-living resource extraction, as well as opportunities in desalination, renewable offshore energy, and maritime transport. In the digital economy, impact sourcing, online work, local content innovation, and e-public goods are growing rapidly. However, gaps in education and skills development hinder full participation in these sectors. The chapter explores how innovative educational approaches and supportive policy frameworks can bridge these gaps and drive workforce readiness for Africa's economic transition. Policymakers, governments, and institutions must collaborate to invest in human capital and align educational systems with the demands of the Blue and Digital Economies.
Connecting Stability, Finance, and Climate Resilience for a Sustainable Tomorrow Towards Green Progress in ASEAN-5
Authors: Chohan Muhammad Ali , Butt Shamaila , Akbar Umbrin , Bilal Muddassar , Ramakrishnan Suresh , Shahzad Muhammad Farrukh
Published: February 2025

The Southeast Asian countries have witnessed substantial economic growth in recent years. However, this progress has not been matched with adequate measures to protect their environmental resources. The shadow economy is identified as a significant factor influencing environmental quality. Taking the shadow economy into consideration, both political stability and financial development emerge as crucial factors impacting environmental pollution. This chapter aims to examine the influence of financial development in strengthening the relationship between political stability and environmental pollution from 1996 to 2021 in ASEAN-5 nation. The ARDL approach is employed to estimate long-run elasticity, affirming the existence of an inverted U-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in ASEAN-5 countries. Additionally, ASEAN governments are encouraged to invest in energy infrastructure development to enhance renewable production capacities with zero emissions.
Towards the Perpetual Sustainable Sukuk Through Islamic Blended Finance
Authors: Musari Khairunnisa
Published: February 2025

Indonesia became the world's first country to issue Sovereign Green Sukuk to address climate change mitigation and adaptation. Another variant of Green Sukuk, although it still has not been issued, the Government of Indonesia has also prepared the framework of Blue Sukuk. The issue that arises is that sukuk generally has a redemption. In fact, the forerunner of the modern sukuk and the origin of sukuk itself, namely esham, does not have redemption. By using literature studies on the performance of Green and Blue Sukuk in Indonesia, also supported by focus group discussion with the related ministry and in-depth interviewing the expert, this chapter focuses on discussing: (1) The performance of Indonesia's Green Sukuk in the anthropogenic era; (2) The conception of Blue Sukuk to address climate change and at once to finance the blue economy; (3) The potential instruments of Islamic blended finance scheme and future direction for the Perpetual Sustainable Sukuk, a sustainable sukuk without redemption, to Islamic sustainable finance and Islamic fiscal sustainability.
Challenges of Stranded Assets in the Fossil Fuel Sector Within Green Financing and Economy
Authors: Arora Raghav , Ghosh Anwesha
Published: February 2025

Stranded assets in the fossil fuel sector represent investments that lose value as economies transition towards sustainability, driven by climate change policies and green financing. This shift is intensified by global efforts like the Paris Agreement, which aims to limit global warming by reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Financial institutions face increasing risks as fossil fuel assets become less profitable due to carbon pricing, production restrictions, and subsidy reforms. Stranded assets raise concerns for financial stability, pushing investors and banks to adjust portfolios and lending practices to mitigate climate-related risks. The Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) framework, faces criticism for insufficient data, complicating risk assessment for financial institutions. The chapter will explore the challenges posed by stranded assets within the context of green financing, examining regulatory responses and financial strategies.
Clean Energy Transition for the Green Economy
Authors: Ndigwe Chinedu Izuchukwu , Erondu Ihunanya Ngozi , Nnamdi Kelechi Chijindu , Ekpemuaka Enameguono
Published: February 2025

The shift from fossil fuels to cleaner forms of energy sources has become critical to curb the rapid pace of climate change and foster a sustainable approach for the planet. To contribute to the awareness of this significant issue, this chapter explored the significant role clean energy transition plays in the global shift towards a green economy. Clean energy transition, which involves transitioning from dirty fuels such as gasoline and diesel to cleaner forms of energy such as renewable energy (Carley & Konisky, 2020), has been seen as a critical driver of a sustainable green economy (Murshed, 2024). Through a literature review of dominant areas of discourse related to clean energy transition and green economy and interviews with industry experts from the energy sector, the study identifies significant challenges and offers solutions and recommendations to drive the clean energy transition and a sustainable green economy.
Towards a Sustainable Energy Future in the Arab World
Authors: Badran Ahmed
Published: February 2025

this chapter aims to shed light on green hydrogen energy and its varying uses in the Arab region. The study seeks to reveal the types of hydrogen energies and their effectiveness in reducing the volume of emissions resulting from fossil fuel production plants and plants. The study also aims to analyse the negative and positive effects of green hydrogen energy and the extent of its ability to reduce carbon emissions through investments in green hydrogen energy projects. Added to this, the chapter focuses on exploring the economic consequences of green hydrogen energy projects, including their impact on spending and investment rates in this field, and analysing the benefits and challenges that the Arab region may face in adopting this advanced technology.
Organizational Impact of Spatiotemporal Graph Convolution Networks for Mobile Communication Traffic Forecasting
Authors: Ruifeng Pan , Wang Mengsheng , Zhang Jindan , Gupta Brij , Nedjah Nadia
Published: February 2025

Communication traffic prediction is of great guiding significance for communication planning management and improvement of communication service quality. However, due to the complex spatiotemporal correlation and uncertainty caused by the spatial topology and dynamic time characteristics of mobile communication networks, traffic prediction is facing enormous challenges. We propose a mobile traffic prediction method using dynamic spatiotemporal synchronous graph convolutional network (DSSGCN). DSSGCN has designed multiple components, which can effectively capture the heterogeneity in the local space-time map. More specifically, the network not only models the dynamic characteristics of nodes in the spatiotemporal graph of network traffic, but also captures the dynamic spatiotemporal characteristics of the edges of mobile service data with different time stamps. The outputs of these two components are fused by collaborative convolution to obtain the prediction results. Experiments on two ground truth mobile traffic datasets show that our DSSGCN model has good prediction performance.
Nomogram for predicting changes in cognitive function in community dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment based on Korea Longitudinal Study of Ageing Panel Data: a retrospective study
Authors: Kim Hyuk Joon , Kim Hye Young
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors associated with normal cognitive reversion and progression to dementia in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) residing in the community and to develop a nomogram.Methods: This longitudinal study used secondary data from the Korea Longitudinal Study of Ageing Panel Data (2006–2018). The study included 1,262 participants aged 60 or older, with initial Mini-Mental State Examination scores ranging from 18 to 23. Data were analyzed using the Rao-Scott chi-square test, panel binary logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in Stata ver. 17.0 (Stata Corp.).Results: The rate of reversion from MCI to normal cognition was 37.0% after 2 years and 32.9% after 12 years. The rate of progression to dementia was 18.0% after 2 years and 30.2% after 12 years. In the nomogram for reversion to normal cognition, the most significant influences were grip strength, depression, number of meetings, age, and regular exercise, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of .66. In contrast, in the nomogram for progression to dementia, the most significant influences were age, grip strength, instrumental activities of daily living, number of social meetings attended, depression, and regular exercise, with an AUC of .69.Conclusion: These nomograms can serve as an effective intervention tool for preventing dementia in the field of community health care since they can serve as a visual technique for presenting information on risk to individuals with MCI.
Atypical Epithelioid Schwannoma in a Young Female- A Dilemma Set by Morphology; Resolved by Immunohistochemistry-A Rare Case Report
Authors: Amita K , Rajani T
Published: February 2025

Epithelioid morphology spawns myriad of benign and malignant tumors into differential diagnoses, which include epithelioid sarcoma, malignant melanoma, epithelioid malignant peripheral nerves sheath tumor, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, myoepithelioma, etc. Epithelioid schwannoma (ES), especially the atypical variant has not received much attention in literature. Conclusive diagnosis, important for accurate management is, however, challenging. We describe a case of atypical ES in a 24-year-old female. On clinical and radiological examination, a provisional diagnosis of vascular malformation was made. Atypical epithelioid ESs are rare, but it is important to be aware of this variant to avoid misdiagnosis with other malignant epithelioid tumors. Apart from clinical and morphological features, immunohistochemistry aids in arriving at a decisive diagnosis. Perineurium-like capsule, circumscription, oblong shape of the lesion, and hyalinized blood vessels are pointers toward shwannomatous differentiation of this tumor.
Belly Dancing Disorder: Unearthing Uncommon Diagnoses in Patients Presenting with Common Complaints
Authors: Balaji Chenthil , Parthasarathy Srinivasan
Published: February 2025

This case report outlines the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of belly dancer dyskinesia (BDD) in a 65-year-old male patient initially misdiagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease. The patient complained of regurgitation and hiccups for the past 3 months with no improvement of symptoms after proton-pump inhibitors. Despite adding baclofen, the patient’s symptoms persisted, prompting further clinical evaluation revealing dystonic abdominal movements characteristic of BDD. Routine neuroimaging and abdominal imaging were normal. The liver and renal function tests were normal treatment with clonazepam and promethazine resulting in rapid symptom improvement, with sustained relief even after tapering promethazine. Notably, BDD lacks the sudden, jerky movements of myoclonus and the stereotyped nature of tics, aiding in its differentiation. Diagnostic tests including electrophysiological studies were crucial for confirmation, but they were not done as the patient did not incline after good symptomatic improvement. Early recognition and tailored treatment of rare conditions, yet presenting with common symptoms like BDD, need clinical vigilance.
Research Landscape of Physical Rehabilitation for Stroke Patients in India: A Scoping Review Examining Outcomes within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health Framework
Authors: Surbala Lourembam , Dave Dhruv
Published: February 2025

Stroke rehabilitation is undergoing a significant global transformation, shifting from a traditional biomedical approach to a more holistic approach. This evolution prioritizes enhancing function, participation, and quality of life. Most of the research that informs these global guidelines originates from Western contexts, leaving a gap in understanding Indian practices. This scoping review which explores the nature and focus of Indian stroke rehabilitation research, aims to classify the research focus of outcomes measured post-intervention within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) domains at the level of body structure and functions (BSF), activities, and participation. We systematically searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PEDro using keywords related to stroke, rehabilitation, and India. The inclusion criteria included studies conducted in the Indian population and setting, focusing on the effectiveness of physical rehabilitation interventions to enhance body functions, activities, or participation in patients with stroke. We included 63 studies describing physical rehabilitative management, of which 30 explored interventions targeting the upper extremity (47.62%), 22 addressed lower extremity and/or gait interventions (34.92%), ten focused on balance or trunk-related interventions (15.87%), and a few singular studies investigated other types of interventions such as for unilateral neglect, fatigue, etc. Predominantly, the studies utilized outcome measures in the BSF domain (93.6%), while the activity domain was the second most commonly emphasized domain (73%). Only three studies evaluated the participation domain. This review shows that Indian researchers focused more on BSF and activity domains of the ICF; minimal emphasis was given to participation and contextual factors.
Correlations between the Mandibular Angle and Mandibular Ratio Indices and the 10-year Probability of Osteoporotic Fracture Estimated Using the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool Body Mass Index Calculator
Authors: Piskórz Magdalena , Suski Piotr , Rózylo-Kalinowska Ingrid , Miazek Weronika , Kulig Klaudia , Tokarczuk Oskar
Published: February 2025

Background:

Osteoporosis significantly impacts public health, especially in older adults and postmenopausal women, by increasing fracture risk due to reduced bone density. With dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry facing accessibility issues, this study explores alternative screening methods through panoramic radiographs, assessing the mandibular angle (MA) and mandibular ratio (MR) as potential osteoporosis indicators. This research investigates their correlation with a 10-year osteoporotic fracture risk using the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) Body Mass Index (BMI) method.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between the measurement of the MA, the MR on a panoramic radiograph, and the probability of a 10-year risk of osteoporotic fractures based on the FRAX BMI tool.

Methods:

The study analyzed 422 panoramic radiograph images from patients aged 40–89 years, including both genders. MR was calculated by the ratio of the mandibular body’s height to the distance from the mandible’s lower edge to the mental foramen. MA was determined through the MA measurement. The FRAX BMI method, accounting for BMI and fracture risk factors, assessed the 10-year risk for major osteoporotic and hip fractures.

Results:

Findings reveal no significant correlation between MR and MA indices with osteoporotic fracture risk, suggesting their limited effectiveness as predictive tools for such fractures. This outcome indicates the necessity for more reliable osteoporosis risk assessment methods.

Conclusions:

Combining FRAX BMI with MR and MA indices may provide additional information in the context of the overall health of the patient and age-related pathologies in the mandible. However, the primary role in assessing osteoporosis risk remains with the FRAX BMI tool, due to its ability to consider multiple relevant factors of osteoporotic fracture risk. The MR and MA indices can be helpful as supplementary diagnostic tools, but their role in directly predicting osteoporosis appears to be limited.
Prevalence of Respiratory Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain and Influence of Musculoskeletal Parameters: A Cross-sectional Observational Study
Authors: Upadhyay Sweta , Patel Kaushikkumar
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a prevalent condition globally, often linked to mobility impairments and musculoskeletal dysfunction. Relationship between respiratory dysfunction and CLBP remains unclear. This study investigated prevalence of respiratory dysfunction in CLBP patients and explored its association with musculoskeletal parameters.

Method:

A cross-sectional design recruited 102 CLBP patients aged 20 to 50 years. Spirometry assessed forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory ratio (FEV1/FVC), and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV). Respiratory muscle strength was measured through maximum inspiratory pressure (Pimax) and maximum expiratory pressure (Pemax). Musculoskeletal assessment included lumbar range of motion, isometric strength, dynamic endurance of abdominal and extensor muscles, lumbar curve angle, and Oswestry Disability Index.

Result:

Results showed 26.47% of participants had restrictive respiratory findings, with prevalence rates of 21.73%, 28.00%, and 27.77% across 20-30, 30-40, and 40-50 age groups, respectively. Moderate correlations were found between lumbar flexion and respiratory parameters such as Pimax, Pemax, FVC, and PEF. Isometric abdominal strength and dynamic endurance were significantly associated with respiratory parameters. No associations were found between respiratory parameters and lumbar curve angle or disability scores.

Conclusion:

The study highlights a notable prevalence of respiratory dysfunction in CLBP patients, suggesting a potential link between respiratory and musculoskeletal impairments. Associations between respiratory parameters and musculoskeletal measures underscore the importance of assessing respiratory function in CLBP patients and integrating respiratory and musculoskeletal interventions in treatment strategies. Comprehensive approaches addressing both systems may offer promising avenues for improving outcomes in individuals with CLBP.
Expanding the Clinical, Pathological, and Molecular Phenotypes of Tetratricopeptide 19 (TTC19) Gene Mutations: A Case Report from India
Authors: Farsana MK , Arunachal Gautham , Nandeesh BN , Kulanthaivelu Karthik , Mahale Rohan R. , Padmanabha Hansashree , Mathuranath PS , Mailankody Pooja
Published: February 2025

Tetratricopeptide 19 gene (TTC19) is involved in mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complex III function. Mutations cause developmental delay, Leigh syndrome, and spinocerebellar ataxia. In this report, we highlight the expanding phenotype of TTC19 gene variants. A 28-year-old man with intellectual disability presented with dysarthria, palatal tremors, and cerebellar ataxia of 5 months. After collecting clinical information and blood samples, clinical-exome sequencing was performed. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid lactate levels were elevated. Neuroimaging showed hypertrophic olivary degeneration, and MRC complex III deficiency was found on muscle biopsy. A novel variant of the TTC19 gene was identified, and the patient showed minimal symptomatic improvement with the mitochondrial cocktail. Mitochondrial complex III deficiency has varied ages of onset and multiaxial presentation. This novel variant in TTC19 gene indicated that palatal tremor, hypertrophic olivary degeneration, and axonal neuropathy might be unrecognized manifestations.
Role of Tranexamic Acid in the Management of Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Mishra Rakesh , Gupta Amit , Das Saikat , Chouksey Pradeep , Atallah Oday , Yunus Md , Saha Kaustav , Agrawal Amit
Published: February 2025

Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a prevalent neurosurgical disorder with increasing incidence, especially among the geriatric population. Although surgical management has been the conventional approach, the optimal strategy remains debated. Tranexamic acid (TXA), an antifibrinolytic agent, has emerged as a potential alternative, but its efficacy and safety require thorough investigation. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the role of TXA in the management of cSDH, focusing on its impact on recurrence rates, clinical outcomes, and adverse events. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on the safety and efficacy of TXA in adult patients with cSDH were systematically searched in multiple databases. Primary outcomes included clinical and radiological recurrence requiring re-surgery, while secondary outcomes encompassed adverse events and mortality associated with TXA treatment. A comprehensive search yielded 35 articles, with four RCTs meeting the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis, involving 148 patients, demonstrated no significant reduction in mean postoperative volume at follow-up or recurrence rates with TXA use. Heterogeneity was low to moderate, and no significant adverse events were observed. Although there is a trend toward early and more complete resolution of cSDH with TXA acid after burr hole drainage, the results lack statistical significance to advocate its routine use in post-surgical management. TXA appears safe in cSDH, emphasizing the need for further research to establish its definitive role in reducing recurrence rates.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prophylaxis Use among High-risk Populations in Sub-Saharan Africa: Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Authors: Dzenu Mabel W. , Baku Sedinam T. , Dzameshie Benjamine S. , Amu Hubert
Published: February 2025

The majority (20.8 million) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases are in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), which is a global public health concern. Healthcare professionals, commercial sex workers and men who sleep with males are among the high-risk demographics that are disproportionately impacted. The use of HIV prophylaxis among these high-risk people in SSA is highlighted in this article, which adopts the Theory of Planned Behaviour, as a game changer towards the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 3.3, which aims to end the HIV epidemic by 2030. Antiretroviral drugs are used in HIV prophylaxis, mainly in the form of pre-exposure prophylaxis and post-exposure prophylaxis, to stop the virus from spreading. To improve attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control which would culminate into positive intentions and eventually increased utilisation of HIV prophylaxis, there is a need for a multisectoral approach that combines medical expertise, community engagement, policy reforms and resource allocation in developing comprehensive prevention programmes and ensuring access to HIV prophylaxis for the targeted population.
Assessment of Bleeding in Acute Febrile Illness with Thrombocytopenia Using Thromboelastography and Conventional Coagulation Parameters in the Emergency Department (ABATE): A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Bhat Rachana , Gupta Nitin , Ravindra Prithvishree , Tirlangi Praveen Kumar , Mohan Ganesh V. , Mohammad Khalid , Sahu Ankit Kumar , Bhat Ashwitha , Balakrishnan Jayaraj Mymbilly , Saravu Kavitha
Published: February 2025

Acute febrile illnesses (AFIs) with thrombocytopenia, such as dengue, leptospirosis, and scrub typhus, are often associated with bleeding and present challenges in transfusion therapy during outbreaks. Conventional bleeding predictors, which involve platelet counts, do not assess clot strength or fibrinolysis defects and may lead to inappropriate or delayed transfusions. To predict bleeding, we aimed to create a scoring system using point-of-care thromboelastography (TEG) and other conventional coagulation parameters. In this prospective cohort study, patients with AFI and platelet counts <100,000/cu mm who presented to the emergency department were recruited, and samples were collected for conventional coagulation tests and TEG analysis at admission. Patients were monitored for 48 hours for bleeding events, blood product transfusions, and mortality within 7 days. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted for significant predictors identified in univariate analysis, and a scoring system was generated using stepwise logistic regression. Sixty-six patients were recruited, including 38 with dengue and 11 with leptospirosis. Nineteen patients experienced a bleeding event within 48 hours. Dyspnea and elevated aspartate transaminase levels were more prevalent among those who bled. Thromboelastography parameters (reaction time/maximum amplitude [R/MA]), prothrombin time, international normalized ratio (INR), and baseline platelet count were significant predictors of bleeding. A scoring system using R/MA, INR, and platelet count achieved an overall predictive accuracy of 83.3% for 48-hour bleeding, with a score ≥3 demonstrating a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 77%. Thromboelastography in patients with dengue showed more significant coagulation abnormalities than in those with leptospirosis. Validation in larger, more homogeneous populations is necessary.
Language policies as key aspect of migration policies: an evolving scenario in Europe
Authors: Rocca Lorenzo
Published: February 2025

The article focuses on the role of language policies within the broader framework of migration policies in Council of Europe Member States. A description of the system currently in place in a representative sample of countries will lead to considerations related to language requirements, including the linguistic dimension of the knowledge of society requirements, as well as to language learning opportunities, where present.