bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neutral pH Formulation for 6-[18F]fluoro-ʟ-DOPA With High Radiochemical Stability
Authors: Lee Sang Ju , Oh Seung Jun
Published: January 2021

6-[18F]Fluoro-L-DOPA(FDOPA) has always been generally produced under strong acidic conditions, i.e. as an injectable solution of pH 2~3, due to its low stability at a higher or neutral pH. This necessitates the pre-treatment neutralization of this agent with an injectable NaHCO3 solution. We have developed a neutral pH formulation for [18F]FDOPA using ethanol (EtOH) and phosphate buffer to overcome the radioactive and enantiomeric stability problems at a higher pH. Upon [18F]FDOPA generation by nucleophilic substitution methods, we investigated its radiochemical and enantiomeric purity in accordance with the various pH after 6 hours. After EtOH and three kinds of buffer were added, we further examined this purity at pH 6 ~ 7 after 6 hours. The ascorbic acid did not stabilize the radiochemical purity at the higher pH. A 5% EtOH and PBS buffer matrix produced the best stability for radiochemical and enantiomeric purity at pH 6.5 at the 6 hour time point. This combination maintained a > 95% radiochemical and enantiomeric purity at 6 hours after EOS (end of synthesis). Our new formulation for [18F]FDOPA thus showed a high stability at neutral pH and satisfied QC requirements which was listed in European Pharmacopeia. It has also been approved by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety.
The Combination of 13N-ammonia and 11C-methionine in Differentiation of Residual/Recurrent Pituitary Adenoma From the Pituitary Gland Remnant After Trans-sphenoidal Adenomectomy
Authors: ding lei , He Qiao , Luo Ganhua , Long Yali , Li Ruocheng , Zhang Fangling , Zhang Xiangsong
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the usefulness of 13N-ammonia and 11C- Methionine (MET) PET/CT in the differentiation of residual/recurrent pituitary adenoma (RPA) from the pituitary gland remnant (PGR) after trans-sphenoidal adenomectomy.Patients and MethodsBetween June 2012 to December 2019, 19 patients [clinical/MRI suggestion of RPA (14 female and 5 male, mean age: 44.86 ± 15.58 years, range: 18–79 years)] with a history of trans-sphenoidal adenomectomy before PET/CT scans in our department were enrolled in this study. The maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) of the target and gray matter was measured, and then the T/G ratio was calculated. First, the T/G ratios of RPA and PGR for each tracer were compared by Student t-test. Second, the T/G ratios of the two tracers were adopted as multiple variables for canonical discrimination analysis. According to the canonical discriminant function, every patient was classified into one group. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. ResultsThe T/G ratios of 13N-ammonia were significantly higher in PGR than RPA (1.58±0.69 vs 0.63±1.37, P< 0.001), whereas the T/G ratios of 11C-MET were significantly lower in PGR than RPA (0.78±0.35 vs 2.17±0.54, P < 0.001). By the canonical discriminant analysis, we calculated the predicted accuracy of RPA (100%), PGR (92.9%), and the overall predicted accuracy (96.43%). ConclusionsThe combination of 13N-ammonia and 11C-MET PET/CT is valuable in the differentiation of RPA from PGR after trans-sphenoidal adenomectomy.
Genomic Profiling of Small Superficial Non-Ampullary Duodenal Epithelial Tumors
Authors: Miyamoto Shuichi , Suda Goki , Ishikawa Marin , Hayashi Hideyuki , Nimura Satoshi , Matsuno Yoshihiro , Mori Ryo , Tanishima Shigeki , Kudo Takahiko , Takagi Tomofumi , Yamamoto Yoshiya , Ono Shoko , Shimizu Yuichi , Sakamoto Naoya
Published: January 2021

Introduction The mechanism underlying carcinogenesis and the genomic features of superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (SNADETs) have not been elucidated in detail. In this study, we examined the genomic features of incipient SNADETs, such as small lesions resected via endoscopic treatment, using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Methods Twenty consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic treatment for SNADETs of less than 20 mm between January 2017 and December 2017 were enrolled. Targeted genomic sequencing was performed through NGS using a 160 cancer-related gene panel. We examined the alteration/mutation frequencies in SNADETs. Results The maximum size of the SNADETs examined in this study was 12 mm in diameter. Five SNADETs were classified as low grade dysplasia (LGD) tumors, while 14 SNADETs were classified as high grade dysplasia tumors. Only one carcinoma-in-situ tumor was detected. We obtained NGS data for 16 samples. APC alterations were detected in 81% of samples (13/16). KRAS, BRAF, and TP53 alterations were detected in 25% (4/16), 18.8% (3/16), and 6.3% (1/16) of cases, respectively. Conclusions We detected APC alterations in most small SNADETs resected via endoscopic treatment, from LGD to carcinoma samples. Even in SNADETs classified as small LGD, KRAS and BRAF alterations were present in a few samples.
DenovoProfiling: A Webserver for De Novo Generated Molecule Library Profiling
Authors: Liu Zhihong , Du Jiewen , Liu Bingdong , Cui Zongbin , Fang Jiansong , Xie Liwei
Published: January 2021

With the advances of deep learning techniques, various architectures for molecular generation have been proposed for de novo drug design. Successful cases from academia and industrial demonstrated that the deep learning based de novo molecular design could efficiently accelerate the drug discovery process. The flourish of the de novo molecular generation methods and applications created great demand for the visualization and functional profiling for the de novo generated molecules. The rising of publicly available chemogenomic databases lays good foundations and create good opportunities for comprehensive profiling of the de novo library. In this paper, we present DenovoProfiling, a web server dedicated for de novo library visualization and functional profiling. Currently, DenovoProfiling contains six modules: (1) identification & visualization, (2) chemical space, (3) scaffold analysis, (4) molecular alignment, (5) target & pathways, and (6) drugs mapping. DenovoProfiling could provide structural identification, chemical space exploration, drugs mapping, and targets & pathways. The comprehensive annotated information could give user a clear picture of their de novo library and could provide guidance in the further selection of candidates for synthesis and biological confirmation. DenovoProfiling is freely available at http://denovoprofiling.xielab.net.
Cheese, Microbiome and Obesity: A Love Triangle
Authors: Meyer Jeremy , Roos Elin , Schrenzel Jacques , Ris Frédéric , Davies Justin
Published: January 2021

IntroductionRecent evidence has shown the importance of the microbiome in the development and maintenance of obesity. Probiotics were proposed for modulating the microbiome in order to achieve weight loss.MethodsData related to consumption of dairy food in European countries were obtained from the Global Dairy Consumption Report of the European Association of Dairy Trade Eucolait. Age-adjusted prevalence of obesity in European countries was extracted from the World Health Organization Global Health Repository. Linear regression was performed.ResultsConsumption of cheese in kilogram per capita was inversely correlated to the age-adjusted prevalence of obesity in 26 European countries (R2: 0.298, p=0.004).ConclusionConsumption of cheese appears to protect against weight gain. This finding deserves further confirmation by longitudinal studies or randomized controlled trials.
Are Topical Skin Adhesives an Option for Wound Closure Following Musculoskeletal Oncology Surgery? A STROCSS-compliant Observational Study
Authors: Chobpenthai Thanapon , Poosiripinyo Thanate , Tuntarattanapong Pakjai , Thanindratarn Pichaya , Trathitephun Warayos
Published: January 2021

Background:2-octyl cyanoacrylate (2OCA) is a high-viscosity medical-grade tissue adhesive used routinely. However, no studies have evaluated its use in musculoskeletal oncology surgery. Methods:We enrolled 99 patients undergoing musculoskeletal oncology surgery. 2OCA was chosen for wound closure, and it was applied by a specific surgeon for all patients. Drying times for the adhesive were recorded, and photographs were obtained intra-operatively. Post-treatment follow-up constituted queries regarding pain level, and recording incisional dehiscence, wound infection, hematoma, and incisional bleeding. Data collection was performed post-operatively at 48 hours, 5–10 days, 14 days, and 30 days. Other adverse events were documented. Results:2OCA was applied to 110 incisions in 99 patients constituting 62 female patients and 37 male patients. The mean age of patients was 50.41 (±16.83) years; mean incision length was 10.24 (±5.7) cm; and the mean pain score using a visual analogue scale (VAS) was 2.37 on post-operative day 7. The mean drying time was 1.81 (±0.59) minutes; 91 (91%) patients reported excellent and superior satisfaction, and the remaining patients reported “good” (6%) and “fair” (2%) satisfaction. The percentage of dehiscence, hematoma, and keloid formation was considerably low. Conclusion:2OCA was safe in musculoskeletal oncology surgical incisions in this study. The incidence of post-operative adverse events was low. However, some patients developed a hematoma. Post-operative pain was low, and patient satisfaction was high. 2OCA can be a practical alternative to traditional suture closure for skin incisions after musculoskeletal surgery.
Treatment for Lumbar Disc Herniation With Spinal Stenosisto Using Unilateral Biportal Endoscopy Technique: a Retrospective Study
Authors: Shen Baojie , Pan Xuwei , Ruan Di , Dai Danfeng , Qian Xiaoliang , Zhang Miaolin , Zhu Yipeng , Gao Zhichao
Published: January 2021

Background: This paper is to describe Unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation with spinal stenosis and to investigate the efficacy and safety of unilateral biportal endoscopy in the treatment of this kind of lumbar disc herniation with spinal stenosis in elderly patients. Method: Retrospective analysis of clinical and radiological data of patients receiving UBE or PEID treatment at the First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China, from July 2018 to June 2020 was performed. Result: The operation time of the UBE group was better than that of the PEID group (P<0.05). Based on the comparative analysis between the two groups, both the ODI score and the pain index were not statistically significant (P>0.05) but the intra-group comparison before and after the treatment was statistically significant (P<0.05). No marked intraoperative and postoperative complications occurred in the UBE group. In the PEID group, one patient developed transient pain in the lower extremities 3 days after surgery, while another patient developed numbness and discomfort in the lower extremities. Both groups were treated conservatively and recovered. During the follow-up, there were no serious adverse events that required another operation. Conclusion: UBE technology can achieve the same clinical effects as percutaneous endoscopic technology in the treatment of LDH with spinal stenosis. UBE technology is easy to apply during operation. For surgical instruments, UBE can not only use special instruments for endoscopes but also relaxes the conditions for application and use of open surgical instruments. During the operation, the operation is more effective and safe, and the learning curve is milder than that of the percutaneous endoscopic technique, which can be used as one of the options for surgical treatment of LDH and spinal stenosis in the future.
Phylogenetic Comparison and Splicing Analysis of U1 snRNP-specific Protein U1C in Eukaryotes
Authors: Chen Mo-Xian , Zhang Kai-Lu , Zhou Jian-Li , Yang Jing-Fang , Zhao Yu-Zhen , Debatosh Das , Hao Ge-Fei , Wu Caie , Zhang Jianhua , Zhu Fu-Yuan , Zhou Shao-Ming
Published: January 2021

As a pivotal regulator of 5’ splice site recognition, the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (U1 snRNP)-specific protein C (U1C) regulates pre-mRNA splicing by interacting with other components of U1 snRNP complex. Previous studies have shown that U1 snRNP and its components are linked to variety of diseases including cancer. However, phylogenetic relationship and expression profiles of U1C have not been studied systematically. To this end, we identified a total of 110 animal U1C genes and compared to the homologs from yeast and plants. Bioinformatics analysis shows that the structure and function of U1C proteins is relatively conserved, and is found in multiple copies in few members of U1C genes family. Furthermore, expression pattern showed that U1Cs have potential role in cancer progression and human development. In summary, our study presents a comprehensive overview of animal U1C gene family, which can provide fundamental data and potential cues for further research in deciphering the molecular function of this splicing regulator.
Disparity in Health-Related Quality of Life Between Kidney Transplant Recipients and Hemodialysis Patients, and Related Implications for Physical Rehabilitation: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sarhan Adnan L , Jarareh Raya H , Shraim Mujahed
Published: January 2021

Background: Health related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important indicator of medical treatment and is a strong predictor of disability and mortality. The literature has shown mixed evidence about whether kidney transplantation improves HRQOL compared with other renal replacement modalities. The aim of this study was to compare the HRQOL in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 100 KTRs and 272 HD patients from two central kidney units in West Bank, Palestine. The HRQOL was assessed using the Short Form-36 Health Survey. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate differences in mean HRQOL scores between KTRs and HD patients.Results: After accounting for sociodemographic variables, KTRs had higher clinically important differences than HD patients in HRQOL mean scores in role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, mental health, physical and mental component summaries ranging from 15.5 points for social functioning (95% CI 10.1, 20.7) to 34.3 points for general health (95% CI 28.7, 39.9). However, unexpectedly, KTRs had significantly lower HRQOL physical functioning than HD patients by 24.5 points (95% CI 18.7, 29.9). Conclusions: Kidney transplantation is associated with important improvements in most aspects of HRQOL but also with noticeably poor physical functioning. HRQOL among KTRs should be routinely measured and closely monitored in clinical settings. KTRs should be encouraged to participate in individually tailored physical exercise programs. Identification and elimination of barriers to physical functioning may improve HRQOL and prevent premature mortality among KTRs.
Prediction of Needle Chlorophyll Model with Different Leaf Ages Based on BP Neural Network and PLSR
Authors: wang yiheng , Wen Zhe , Sun Kun , Xu Yanhong , Wei Jinhua
Published: January 2021

BackgroundTo explore the changes of chlorophyll content in needles of different leaf ages of Picea koraiensis Nakai of different specifications, the study compared the prediction accuracy changes of chlorophyll in needles of Picea koraiensis Nakai by two modeling methods: the BP neural network and partial least squares regression (PLSR) methods. The effects of different spectral pre-processing and characteristic band selection methods on the performance accuracy of the model were tested, and the optimal combination model was selected to predict forest growth status and community structure productivity through the physiological and biochemical characteristics of needles at different leaf ages. Results1) the spectral pre-processing method could avoid systematic errors and eliminate background values; 2) the accuracy of the needle chlorophyll fitting model with different leaf ages was much higher than that of mixed needle chlorophyll model, verifying that needle chlorophyll with different leaf ages could better estimate the annual growth and examine the growth status of Picea koraiensis Nakai; 3) the accuracy of the BP neural network model was significantly higher than that of the PLSR model, with its R 2 above 0.95, and the validation set’s R 2 above 0.86; and 4) the fitting accuracy of different leaf age needle chlorophyll models of the spectral pre-processing model, variable selection model, PLSR model and BP neural network: triennial needles > annual and biennial needles. ConclusionsThe BP neural network method was more accurate than the PLSR method in predicting pigment content model. In the process of model fitting, it was found that the pigment model fitted by fine classification of needles improves the accuracy of the model, which provides the basis and theoretical support for the establishment of the model by combining remote sensing technology with stoichiometry methods in the future.
Economic incentives and survival probabilities for chronic and multimorbidity patients - Do the relationships depend on patient pathways?
Authors: Islam M. Kamrul , Kjerstad Egil , Askildsen Jan Erik
Published: January 2021

Background: The Norwegian Coordination Reform (CR) in 2012 introduced new economic incentives aimed at weaknesses in interaction between primary care, social care and specialist care. This paper studies the association of a new co-payment scheme on the 30-day and 90-day survival probabilities for chronic and multimorbidity patients. We also analyse whether admission types ⸺planned or emergency⸺ matters for survival rates, and the importance of patient pathways. Several different pathways are possible, depending on where patients came from before being admitted to hospital and their destination after discharge from hospital. Methods: The study uses data from three different registers for the period 2010 to 2013. We consider 30 common chronic conditions for which administrative data are available (n=563,096 in-patient episodes). We look at three mutually exclusive pathways. They are relevant and important in terms of the number of patients depending on co-operation and co-ordination between health care providers. Using a quasi-experimental design—the difference-in-differences approach—we estimate the associations between the co-payment scheme and survival probability by admission type and by patient pathway.Results: Overall, the changes in survival probabilities are found positively and significantly associated with the co-payment scheme. For emergency admissions such a significant positive association is observed for the 30-day survival only, whereas, for planned admissions a significant positive relationship is evident for the 90-day survival only. Pathway-specific results indicate positive and significant associations with survival probabilities (both the 30-and 90-day) for all admissions and emergency admissions for two specific pathways. Multimorbidity subgroup analysis generally shows no significant relationship with survival probabilities, but pathway-specific analyses show significant positive associations between emergency admissions and the 90-day survival for patients following two specific pathways. However, for planned admissions we find a significant negative association with the 30-day survival for multimorbidity patients following one specific pathway.Conclusion: We conclude that the survival probabilities are positively associated with the new economic incentives but the result depends on admission type, patient pathway and multimorbidity status. Without modelling admission type, pathway and multimorbidity explicitly, one may overlook important relationships associated with the economic incentives. Future policy evaluations in any pertinent context should envisage these aspects.
Study protocol for a multicentre, randomised controlled trial of the external use of mirabilite to prevent pancreatitis in children after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
Authors: Deng Zhaohui , Gong Biao , Yang Kaihua , Zeng Jingqing , Lv Chan , Ji Jianmei , Li Xingjia , Gu Zhijian , Zhang Weituo
Published: January 2021

Background

Acute pancreatitis is the most common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in children. To date, there is no suitable medicine for post-ERCP pancreatitis prophylaxis in children and few study has prospectively evaluated an intervention to prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis in children. Mirabilite, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has good therapeutic effects on acute pancreatitis and no side effect for children by basic research and clinical studies. Our protocol is designed to assess the efficacy and safety of the external use of mirabilite to prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis in children.
Methods/design:

520 patients planned for diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP will be enrolled according to the eligibility criteria‎. The patients will be randomly divided into two equal groups (Mirabilite and control, the external use of mirabilite in a bag on the projected abdominal area over the pancreas within 30 min before ERCP). The primary end point is incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Secondary end points include abdominal pain scores, the levels of inflammatory markers [tissue necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, and IL-8] and intestinal barrier function markers (diamine oxidase, D-lactic acid, and endotoxin). Additionally, the side effects of topical mirabilite is investigated.
Conclusion

This trial would be the first experiment to determine mirabilite to prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis in children. Mirabilite maybe provide potential clinical benefits and a new avenue with tremendous potential for the future preventing of post-ERCP pancreatitis.
Trial registration number:

ChiCTR1900022642. Registered on 19 April 2019- Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hepatitis B virus carriers infected with COVID-19 at the Jinyintan hospital in WuHan, China
Authors: Lu Jingjing , Hu Mu , Zhou Xia , Zhu Hui , Wang Feilong , Huang Jianhao , Guo Zhongliang , Li Qiang , Yin Qi , Yang Zhifeng
Published: January 2021

Background: Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel infectious disease that was earliest reported in Wuhan, China, but has been later discovered everywhere in the world. On the other hand, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is ubiquitous in China; having millions of HBV carriers, HBV infection has become a major problem of public health in China. In this study, we aim to describe the clinical features of HBV carriers infected with COVID-19 and to assess factors that may affect the progression and outcome of the disease.Methods: 72 patients diagnosed as infected with both COVID-19 and HBV at the Jinyintan Hospital of Wuhan have been involved in this study. Epidemiological characteristics, demographic features, clinical manifestations, laboratory test, treatment, management and final outcomes of these patients were collected and analyzed.Results: Among all 72 patients (40 male and 32 female, with a median age of 58.5 years old), 22 (30.56%) were diagnosed as severe cases and 50 (69.44%) non-severe cases. Fever is the most common symptom, followed by cough, chest tightness and sputum. Significant differences have been observed in the outcomes of laboratory tests including hematologic, biochemical, infection and coagulation parameters, and in indicators like Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Total Bilirubin (TBil), Direct Bilirubin (DBil), Indirect Bilirubin (IBil) and γ-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) at the admission and discharge of these patients. Especially, levels of Prealbumin (PA) and Serum Amyloid A (SAA) showed an obvious trend of decreasing, which is statistically significant.Conclusions: The clinical features of HBV carriers infected with COVID-19 have obvious systemic symptoms, such as fever, cough, and chest tightness. By comparing their liver functions tested on the dates of admission and discharge, we found that the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, does not directly activate the Hepatitis B virus, so that the risk of liver cell damage for HBV carriers infected with COVID-19 does not increase. Both PA and SAA seem to work as sensitive indicators and can be used to evaluate the prognosis and outcome of these patients.
Genome-wide identification of AP2/EREBP in Fragaria vesca and expression pattern analysis of the FvDREB subfamily under drought stress
Authors: Dong Chao , Xi Yue , Chen Xinlu , Cheng Zong-Ming (Max)
Published: January 2021

Background: Drought is a common phenomenon worldwide. It is also one of the main abiotic factors that affect the growth and quality of strawberry. The dehydration-responsive element binding protein (DREB) members that belong to the APETALA2/ethylene-responsive element binding protein (AP2/EREBP) superfamily are unique transcription factors in plants that play important roles in the abiotic stress response.Results: Here, a total of 119 AP2/EREBP genes were identified in Fragaria vesca, and the AP2/EREBP superfamily was divided into AP2, RAV, ERF, DREB, and soloist subfamilies, containing 18, 7, 61, 32, and one member(s), respectively. The DREB subfamily was further divided into six subgroups (A-1 to A-6) based on phylogenetic analysis. Gene structure, conserved motifs, chromosomal location, and synteny analysis were conducted to comprehensively investigate the characteristics of FvDREBs. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed distinctive expression patterns among the FvDREB genes in strawberry plants exposed to drought stress. The expression of FvDREB6 of the A-2 subgroup was down-regulated in old leaves and up-regulated in young leaves in response to drought. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis found that FvDREB8 from the A-2 subgroup had the highest expression level under drought stress. Together, analyses with the expression pattern, phylogenetic relationship, motif, and promoter suggest that FvDREB18 may play a critical role in the regulation of FvDREB1 and FvDREB2 expression.Conclusions: Our findings provide new insights into the characteristics and potential functions of FvDREBs. These FvDREB genes should be further studied as they appear to be excellent candidates for drought tolerance improvement of strawberry.
Classroom Student Posture Recognition Based on an Improved High-Resolution Network
Authors: Zhang Yiwen , Zhu Tao , Ning Huansheng , Liu Zhenyu
Published: January 2021

Due to the large number of students in a university classroom and crowded seat-ing, most features of student posture are typically obscured, making it difficult to balance accuracy in identifying students' postures with computational speed. To solve these problems, a classroom student posture recognition method is pro-posed in this article. First, because we must recognize the poses of multiple peo-ple in the classroom, we use the you-only-look-once (YOLOv3) algorithm for object detection and retrain it to detect human objects that are hunching on a table, creating the pose estimation network. Then, to improve the accuracy of the pose estimation network, we use the squeeze-and-excitation network (SENet) structure that is embedded in the residual structure of high-resolution networks (HRNet). Finally, using the improved HRNet algorithm output of key human body points, we design a pose classification algorithm based on a support vector machine (SVM), which is used to classify human poses in the classroom. Experiments show that the improved HRNet multi-person pose estimation algorithm yields the best mean average precision (mAP) performance of 73.76 points in the common objects in context (COCO) validation dataset. We tested the proposed posture classification algorithm using a custom dataset collected in a classroom and were able to achieve a high recognition rate (90.1%) and robustness. Thus, the pro-posed method can effectively measure student postures.
Analysis SARS-CoV-2 Genomes of G20 Areas on Phylogeny Tree, t-SNE based on Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Renyang , Qiao Mu , Alima  , Zheng Jeffrey , Zhou Wei
Published: January 2021

The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) broke out earlier in Wuhan, and the plague spread rapidly from multiple resources of different countries. COVID-19 has caused millions of diagnosed people worldwide, causing many deaths and posing a severe threat to public health in countries around the world. Facing this urgent situation, in-depth research on the emerging SARS-CoV-2 to understand the related pathogenic mechanism and epidemiological characteristics is urgent. This type of activity would be useful to determine its origin to formulate effective prevention and treatment strategies for affected patients.This paper adopts t-SNE based on machine learning to draw a phylogenetic tree from collected genomic sequences to analyze G20 countries’ samples. The phylogenetic tree of the generating mechanism was described, and intermediate results were illustrated. The results of this research showed that viruses in many countries have similar or similar relationships among the gene sequences.
Thoracobrachialis- A Cadaveric Study of a Morphological Variation of Pectoralis Major with a Novel Nomenclature and Classiﬁcation of the Chondroepitrochlearis Muscle
Authors: Rachana Suresh  , N Hema  , R Srinivas
Published: January 2021

Background: Anatomical variations are not uncommon in the pectoral region but the chondroepitrochlearis muscle has been of special interest in history owing to its rarity. Chondroepitrochlearis is a muscular slip that arises from the lower ribs, the inferolateral aspect of the pectoralis major, or the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle and crosses the axilla to insert on the medial intermuscular septum or the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Multiple variants of this muscle exist including chondroepitrochlearis, chondrofascialis, costoepitrochlearis, thoracoepicondylaris, chondrohumeralis, etcetera. The objectives is to article aims to simplify and standardize the reporting of the chondroepitrochlearis muscle by proposing a novel nomenclature and classification. In this paper, we also present and discuss a case of chondroepitrochlearis. Subjects and Methods : A prospective study was conducted from 2012 to 2020 in the Department of Anatomy, ESIC MC and PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, to identify anatomical variations in the pectoral region. Results: During routine dissection of a male cadaver, an unusual slip was found on the right side and was identified as chondroepitrochlearis. Conclusion: Since the reporting of this rare muscle has been increasing in live patients, taking into consideration the variability in the presentation of the same anatomical structure, to avoid confusion, we propose a novel, blanket nomenclature- “Thoracobrachialis”. We also propose a clinically relevant classification that is based on the level of insertion of the muscle and the possible neurovascular structures involved.
Analysis of advanced transpedicular screw machining technologies
Authors: Savilov A. V. , Pyatykh A. S. , Timofeev S. A.
Published: January 2021

Abstract: The purpose is to improve the machining efficiency of titanium alloy transpedicular screws on highperformance machine-tools based on the selection of advanced technological approaches, and to analyze the current manufacturing technology of implants on CNC machines of the semi-automatic longitudinal turning lathe type. The efficiency is assessed using the following criteria: process performance determined by the machine time and the quality of implant processing (surface roughness, geometric accuracy, mechanical properties). It is found that semi -automatic longitudinal lathes equipped with a collet feed system and drive heads for thread whirling allow processing the implants of the transpedicular screw type in a single set-up with maximum efficiency. It is shown that the machining technology of transpedicular screws is largely determined by the features of their design. The type and shape of the thread have the greatest influence on the used cutting tool and cutting modes. The analysis of screw breakages revealed that the main failure reasons are design defects and poor machining quality of the threaded part. It is determined that the use of the thread whirling method makes it possible to obtain the thread in one cutting pass and, therefore, significantly increase the machining performance compared to the traditional technology without any loss of quality. Additional advantages of this method are the reduction in the number of tools used and follow-on finishing deburring operations. Based on the conducted analysis the manufacture of transpedicular titanium alloy screws is recommended to perform using advanced cutting tools, primarily thread whirling cutters ensuring 4 times increase in machining performance without any loss of the processed item quality and 2 times reduced surface roughness. In this case the temperature in the cutting zone decreases, which has a positive effect on processed product service life. The condition for the effective use of the cutters is equipping of the machine-tools involved in the technological process with special drive heads.
Research and development of a PV converter-based stand-alone power supply system for technical security equipment power supply
Authors: Mironov M. A. , Kozlov S. A.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the work is to develop a methodology for designing a stand-alone power supply system based on photovoltaic (PV) converters for technical security equipment power supply. The object of the study is a PV converter - based stand-alone power supply system. Energy storage units, which are widely used in the designing of power supply systems for power supply of technical security equipment are presented. A methodology for designing a power supply system is used, which takes into account the integral effect of solar insolation, ambient temperature in the range from - 40°C to +50°C, temperature of a PV module and a storage battery; PV module capacity; requirements for independent operation of technical security equipment; electrical characteristics of the solar charge controller (rated open-circuit voltage and rated charge current). To calculate the total solar insolation arriving at the surface of a photovoltaic module, the Kastrov model is used for calculating direct solar radiation; the Berlage model is used for calculating the scattered solar energy and the Berland model is used for calculating insolation in cloudy conditions. The studies of lithium-titanate storage batteries have been carried out in the climate chamber and a corresponding mathematical model has been developed for the temperature-dependent capacity of the battery. To determine solar insolation falling on the tilted surface of the PV module the software has been developed in the C# programming language. The designed PV module-based power supply system provides an independent uninterrupted continuous power supply of equipment under constant consumption of no more than 115.2 Wh per day by technical security equipment. The results of the work can be used in the development of a stand-alone power supply system for power supply of technical security equipment, security and control.
Multi-criterial choice of capacity of power plants based on renewable energy sources and local fuels within local energy system
Authors: Nefedov A. S. , Yakovkina T. N.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the paper is to develop a methodology for multi-criteria selection of the capacity of a group of power plants included in the local power system which use local energy resources and renewable energy sources. To form alternative options for the structure of generating capacities, an approach is proposed. It suggests setting of a number of power levels of the base-load generating plant and power plants using renewable energy sources with subsequent determination of the capacity of the flexing generating plant to cover the remaining part of the load schedule. For multi - criteria comparison of the alternative options of the generating capacity structure, the TOPSIS method is used, which is modified to take into account the uncertainty of the decision-maker's preferences (the modification of the method consists in using fuzzy value functions at the stage of normalizing estimates by criteria). The application of this method is considered on the example of the Okhotsk district of the Khabarovsk territory. The estimated capacity of prospective consumers is 69 MW. Alternative options of the power generation structures include four types of power plants: local coal -fired thermal, solar, wind, and diesel. The multi-criteria comparison of generating capacity structure options is performed using the following criteria: normalized cost of electrical energy, estimation of environmental efficiency, and assessment of public opinion on the consequences of power plant construction. Some of the most promising options for the structure of generating capacities are presented, depending on the values of the weight coefficients of the criteria. If the criterion has the large weight reflecting economic efficiency, the structure with the predominance of thermal power plant energy generation is the best. If the criteria of environmental efficiency and public opinion feature large weight, the best structure is the one with significant generation from a renewable energy source (solar power plant). The coefficients of using the installed capacity of different types of power stations with different structures of generating capacities are determined. It is shown that the proposed methodology provides the obtaining of the options of the generating capacity structure that correspond to expressed preferences, taking into account the uncertainty of the initial information and development scenarios. Promising options for the structure of generating capacities are selected for more detailed further research.
Economic justification for the use of a vertical axis wind power plant in wind conditions of Russia
Authors: Khozyainov B. P. , Svistunova T. N.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the study is to provide an economic justification of the application efficiency of vertical axis wind-driven power plants using the principle of differential blade drag under low natural wind speeds from 1 to 15 m/s. The estimated cost is determined by the resource-index method. Calculations are made in two stages: at the first stage a statement is compiled where the consumption of resources for the design volume of work is determined according to the state unit estimate standards collections; at the second stage a local resource estimate is made, and the resource consumption in natural units is converted to cost estimates (in the prices of 2000 year). Local estimates are made using the GRAND-SMETA software package. All costs of construction materials for the wind turbine and supporting structure were assumed at the commercial cost, which was translated to the budget cost of October 2019 using deflators. The transition indices from the prices of 2000 to the prices of 2019 are applied to the cost of materials and machinery operation (without remuneration of engine-drivers) as well as to the amount of labour remuneration for installers and engine-drivers. The cost of the installation set calculated by the strength at 20 m/s natural speed is 1643.591 thousand rubles. This allowed to determine the cost of 1 kWh, which depends on the service life and the average annual wind speed. At a wind speed of 4 m/s the cost is 7.12 rub/kWh; at a wind speed of 8 m/s it is 2.19 rub/kWh. At wind speeds from 5 m/s to 11 m/s with equal exposure time intervals, the average cost of 1 kWh will be within 3.14 rub/kWh. Conducted studies have confirmed the effective use of the proposed vertical axis wind power plant under conditions of low natural wind speeds in Russia. The installation is proved to be competitive in comparison with the traditional methods of energy generation.
Compacting nanopowder materials by a pulse pressure generated by expanding plasma channel of a spark ignited by wire electrical explosion
Authors: Chebotnyagin L. M. , Potapov V. V. , Ivanov N. A. , Ivanchik N. N.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the article is to explore the possibilities of powder material compaction by the pressure pulse of an electric explosion of a conductor, establish a functional relationship between the parameters of the pressure pulse and an electrical technological installation for powder material compaction, select the parameters for pulse pressure amplitude and duration adjustment, and specify the design options of the working tool for powder material compaction. Analytical studies have been carried out on the basis of the method of formalized representation of the development of the process of pulse pressure wave formation and propagation where the latter is created by an expanding plasma channel of an electric spark in a transmitting medium initiated by an electric explosion of a wire. The simulation of high-speed de formation of the pipe wall under the action of the pulse pressure is carried out in the MATLAB software package. A scanning electron microscope is used to study the microstructure of the breakage of the compacted material with nanomodifiers. Based on the experimental studies on powder material compaction by the pulse pressure created by the expanding plasma channel of a spark initiated by an electric explosion of a wire when the current pulse f rom an electrotechnological installation is supplied to it, it has been determined that the magnitude and shape of the pressure pulse are most influenced by the parameters of this installation. Based on the obtained model studies, the optimal modes for compaction of nanomodified powders have been selected. The relationship is obtained between the parameters of the pulse pressure (Pm amplitude and pressure wave propagation form) and the electrotechnological installation (voltage, inductance, capacitance). It is proposed to use an acoustic-electric wave model to estimate the pressure that provides high-speed deformation of metal pipes, and to plot a deformation profile of metal pipes used for compaction. Analysis of SEM images of the fractures obtained in compact experiments has showed a high degree of particle compaction with the formation of a solid composite.
Studying electric double layer under sorption of gold on activated carbons from thiocarbamide solutions
Authors: Elshin V. V. , Golodkov Yu. E.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the article is to research the mechanism of gold-thiocarbamide complex sorption by activated carbons by studying the properties of the resulting electric double layer. The study of the electric double layer of coal sorption surface is conducted using a polar conductometric method based on the simultaneous use of polarization dependences on direct current and conductometric measurements on alternating current. It is shown that the sorption of thiocarbamide complexes of gold occurs more intensively at the cathodic values of sorbent potentials. Dependence of the adsorption value on the potential is actually linear in the negative region from 0.05 to 0.2 V. The absolute value of goldthiocarbamide sorption at the negative sorbent potential of 0.2 V coincides with the maximum values of the polarization current for direct current and conductivity for alternating current. The electrochemical reduction reaction of thiocarbamide compounds results in the formation of neutral thiocarbamide molecules, it might be the reason for gold deposition in a metallic form on the surface of the carbon sorbent. Neutralization of active compounds in the electric double layer creates conditions for the activation of positively charged gold ions directing to the negatively charged sorbent surface. The anodic region of sorbent polarization is characterized by the maximum values of gold ion sorption at the positive potential of 0.2 V. In this case the sorbent surface should be recharged, since in the same region of the potential the maximum AC conductivity is observed. Such conditions should lead to the destruction of the thick part of the electric double layer and, consequently, create favorable sorption conditions. The conducted studies allowed to derive a conclusion that the sor ption of gold-thiocarbamide complexes by activated carbons is significantly influenced by the sorbent potential. The use of the polar conductometric method for studying the electric double layer makes it possible to explain the features of given compound sorption on activated carbons.
İKİNCİ DÜNYA SAVAŞI SONRASI AMERİKAN TARIM POLİTİKALARI VE AZ GELİŞMİŞ ÜLKELER TARIMSAL EKONOMİSİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ (1945-2000)
Authors: KARABAĞ Hacer
Published: January 2021

Gıda maddelerinin ülkeler için stratejik öncelikli mallar sayılması, devletlerin tarımsal alanda politikalar üretmelerinin temel sebebi olmuştur. Devletler, tarımsal üretim ve verimliliği arttırmak adına bir taraftan tarımsal teknolojinin yaygınlaşması için çalışmalar yapmakta, diğer taraftan taban fiyat uygulamaları, tarımsal girdi desteği (tohum, gübre vb.) veya ihracat sübvansiyonları gibi bir dizi araçla tarım sektörünü finanse etmekte ve dış rekabete karşı koruma yoluna gitmektedir. Tarım kesimine yönelik müdahalelerin modern anlamda ilk uygulayıcısı, 1929 Ekonomik Krizi sonrası ABD olmuştur. İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası tarıma yönelik devlet müdahaleleri artış göstermiş ve dünya genelinde yaygınlık kazanmıştır. ABD’nin bu dönemde uyguladığı tarımsal politikalar, Az Gelişmiş ve Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeleri, tahıl ithalatı konusunda kendisine bağımlı kılarken, geleneksel tarımsal üretimlerini de tahrip etmiştir. Bu çalışmada İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası hâkim güç olan ABD’nin, 1945-2000 döneminde uyguladığı tarım politikaları ve Az Gelişmiş Ülkelerin tarımsal ekonomisi üzerindeki etkileri, Gıda ve Tarım Örgütü’nün (FAO) sunmuş olduğu istatistiki veriler aracılığıyla incelenecektir.
Penggunaan Metode Ganjaran dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Bahasa Arab
Authors: Gani Yusnindar Abdul , Wahidah Yeni Lailatul
Published: January 2021

This study aims to reveal descriptively about the use of learning methods in improving students' learning motivation in Mas Bahrul Hikmah Konawe North Sultra to find out what methods are applied during the learning process at Mas Bahrul Hikmah Konawe Utara and to find out how the motivation of student learning Mas Bahrul Hikmah Konawe North. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method in order to give explanation about the use of learning method in improving students' learning motivation Arabic in Mas Bahrul Hikmah Konawe Utara Sultra. The data obtained through interviews with informants research related to the achievement of the purposes of research. Subjects in this study were teachers and students at Mas Bahrul Hikmah Konawe Utara Sultra. The result of the research are: (1) The method applied when the learning process of Arabic language in Mas Bahrul Hikmah is, conversation method or muhadatsah, the method of reading that is qira'ah (muthala'ah), grammatical method or qowa'id (al-kitabah) and Listening method (al-istima'i) this method is commonly used when imla learning process, besides using special method of learning Arabic language also using general methods, such as lecture method, discussion method, group work method, question and answer method and method Assignment. There is also a new method addition, reward method. The reward method applied is the method of punishment and reward method. (2) The use of reward method in Mas Bahrul Hikmah is very effective besides can grow student's motivation in learning also help student get high test value, because after use method of reward value of student exam much increase.