bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stability of severe asthma phenotypes
Authors: Sergeeva G. R. , Emelyanov A. V.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Severe asthma (SA) is a heterogeneous disease with several phenotypes. There are lack of data about its stability.

Aim. To assess stability of SA phenotypes in adult patients during 5 years follow-up.

Materials and methods. Prospective study included 117 adult outpatients with allergic SA, 51 severe asthmatics with aspirin- induced disease, 59 patient with persistent airflow limitation (PAL) and 35 patients with SA and concomitant COPD, 65 steroid-dependent severe asthmatics and 89 patients with SA and frequent (>2 per year) exacerbations. Spirometry and bronchodilator reversibility testing were carried out; fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) was measured; hypersensitivity to common inhalant allergens (skin prick and blood specific IgE testing) and peripheral blood eosinophil counts were estimated. Asthma control and asthma-related quality of life were assessed by using ACQ-5 and SGRQ questionnaire.

Results. During 5-year prospective study stability of aspirin-induced SA and SA with COPD was 100%. Allergic phenotype was stable in 81% of SA cases and in patients with changed atopic status we revealed worsening of symptoms and accelerated lung function decline. Stability of SA phenotype with PAL without COPD was 86% and steroid-dependent SA was stable in 55% of cases. After 5 years of treatment frequent exacerbations remained in 28% of severe asthmatics.

Conclusion. The most stable phenotypes of SA were aspirin-induced and asthma with concomitant COPD. Less stable were allergic SA, steroid-dependent SA and phenotype with persistent airflow limitation. The least stable was SA phenotype with frequent exacerbations.
Severe asthma phenotypes and endotypes
Authors: Sergeeva G. R. , Emelyanov A. V.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Severe asthma is a heterogeneous disease with several phenotypes and endotypes. However, little is known about frequency of severe asthma phenotypes and endotypes in Russia.

Aim. To assess frequency of severe asthma phenotypes and endotypes compared with mild/moderate asthma.

Materials and methods. Cross-sectional single center study included 643 adult outpatients with mild/moderate asthma and 314 patients with severe asthma (SA) aged 18-90 years. Spirometry and bronchodilator reversibility testing were carried out. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) was measured by a chemiluminescent analyzer (logan 4100, UK). Hypersensitivity to common inhalant allergen was assessed by skin prick and blood specific IgE level. Peripheral blood eosinophil counts were measured by automatic analyzer. Asthma control and asthma-related quality of life were assessed by using ACQ-5 and SGRQ.

Results. Allergic phenotype was more frequent in patients with mild/moderate asthma than in those with SA, but aspirin- induced asthma, steroid-dependent asthma, asthma with persistent airflow limitation and concomitant COPD, asthma with late onset and obesity were more frequent in SA. The majority of patients with SA had several phenotypes (mean 3 phenotypes) and at least one marker of T2-high endotype.

Conclusion. The most frequent phenotypes of SA were allergic, with persistent airflow limitation, with concomitant obesity and COPD. Occurrence of asthma phenotypes differed between patients with SA and mild/moderate asthma. The majority of SA patients have T2-endotype.
Marka Değerinin Tespiti ve Tms 38 Kapsamında Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Karahan Murat , Akgemci Mehmet Akif
Published: October 2024

Marka, günümüzde üreticiler ve tüketiciler arasında ürün farklılıklarını belirlemesinde giderek artan bir öneme sahip bir değerdir. Rekabetin yoğun olduğu ortamlarda, marka kavramı işletmeler için önemli bir avantaj sağlamaktadır. İşletmelerin temel hedefi olan kâr maksimizasyonu, zaman içinde firma değerinin maksimizasyonu amacına dönüşmüştür. Buna bağlı olarak marka kavramı genel olarak şirketlerin finansal değerini göstermektedir. Bir markanın değerini belirleyen unsurlar, muhtemel satış gücü, hasılatı, elde ettiği gelir ve gelecekte oluşabilecek tüm finansal verilerdir. Marka, geçmişten günümüze kadar hayatımızda olmasına rağmen, marka değeri 1980’li yıllarda şirket birleşmeleri ve şirket satın almaları yoluyla önem kazanmıştır. Her geçen gün piyasalarda faaliyet gösteren markaların sayısı artmış bu durum ise maddi olmayan duran varlık unsuru olan markaların parasal değeri ve bu parasal değerin nasıl hesaplanması gerektiği merak konusu olmuştur. Bu kapsamda, bu çalışmada 2018-2022 dönemleri için Borsa İstanbul tekstil sektöründe faaliyet gösteren ve düzenli olarak verilerine ulaşılabilen 22 adet firmanın Hirose yöntemine göre marka değeri hesaplanmış elde edilen sonuçlar Brand Finance şirketi tarafından yayınlanan 2022 yılına ait Türkiye’nin en değerli markaları listesinde tekstil sektöründe yer alan firmalar ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca Hirose yöntemine göre hesaplanan marka değerinin TMS 38 kapsamında finansal tablolarda yer verilip verilemeyeceği konusunda bilgi verilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, Hirose yöntemi ve Brand Finance marka değerleme yöntemi arasında önemli farklılıklar olduğu ve bu farklılıkların nedeni olarak ise her iki yöntemin marka değeri tespitinde farklı kriterlere yer verilmesinden kaynaklanmaktadır.
Rusların Hizmetinde Bir Türk: Mendiyar Bekçurin'in 1781 Buhara Seyahati
Authors: Keser Emre
Published: October 2024

XVIII. yüzyılda Buhara Hanlığı ve Rusya İmparatorluğu arasındaki diplomatik ilişkiler gelişmemiştir. Ruslar Maveraünnehir bölgesine uzun zaman aralıklarıyla elçiler göndermiştir. Bu durumun oluşmasında Maveraünnehir’in siyasi ve coğrafi vaziyeti de etkili olmuştur. Avrupa’daki siyasi dengeler ve Hindistan’daki İngiliz nüfuzunun artması Rusları doğuya yöneltmiştir. Rus devlet adamları Buhara Hanlığıyla diplomatik ilişkileri arttırmak istemiştir. Rusların nihai hedefi Buhara Hanlığı üzerinde siyasi ve ticari menfaatler elde etmektir. Bu sayede Hindistan coğrafyasına yaklaşmak ve İngilizlerle mücadele etmek amaçlanmıştır. Buhara’ya gönderilecek elçilik heyetine görevi başarabilecek nitelikte kişiler aranmıştır. Tatar Türkü olan Mendiyar Bekçurin bu görev için en uygun adaydır. Mendiyar Bekçurin İdil-Ural bölgesinde yetişmiştir. O Türk lehçelerini ve kültürlerini çok iyi bilen bir kimsedir. Bekçurin’in elçilik heyetine Maveraünnehir bölgesine aşina kimseler dâhil edilmiştir. Elçilik heyeti Buhara şehrine geldiğinde çok iyi karşılanmıştır. Mendiyar Bekçurin 1781 yılı itibariyle Ebu’l Gazi Han’ın 2 kez huzuruna çıkmıştır. Dönemin önemli şahsiyeti Danyal Bey Atalıkla görüşmelerde bulunmuştur. Mendiyar Bekçurin bu görüşmelerde Buharalı devlet adamlarının güvenini kazanmaya çalışmıştır. Rus elçilik heyetinde bulunan diğer görevlilerde benzer faaliyetlerde bulunmuşlardır. Bekçurin siyasi ve ticari ilişkilerin geliştirilmesi için yoğun çaba sarf etmiştir. Bekçurin’in elçilik heyeti kısmi başarılar elde edebilmiştir. Bunun nedeni hanlığın karışık siyasi durumu ve Rus heyetine güvenilmemesidir. Çalışmamızda Mendiyar Bekçurin’in seyahat günlüğü incelenmiştir. Bu kaynak Danyal Bey Atalık devrini anlatan mühim bir eserdir.
Analysis Of Non-Physical Money From The Endowment Effect Perspective
Authors: Cevizli İbrahim
Published: October 2024

A B S T R A C T
With the advancement of technology, almost all countries have started to evaluate policies for switching to non-physical currency, especially digital money. As a matter of fact, the application of non-physical (digital) money has been taken further and started to be implemented as a pilot by China, Sweden, Thailand, Ukraine, Uruguay and South Korea. In the age we live in, it seems inevitable that money will sooner or later turn into a non-physical form. In this context, the effect of non-physical money on individuals' spending tendency in the short term reveals its importance. Thus, the study provides insight for policy makers in case a non-physical money application such as digital money is adopted in the future. In this context, the effect of non-physical money on spending behavior was analyzed from a behavioral economic perspective with an experimental study specific to the endowment effect. The experiment applied in the study was carried out entirely on a voluntary basis. Care was taken to protect privacy during the application. All instructions to the participants were communicated clearly and understandably. Participants were made comfortable during the experiment. In addition, it was made possible to establish the internal and external validity required in the experimental study. Any manipulation of participants was prevented. In this context, data were collected in the study by observing the tendency to spend physical money and non-physical money given to a group of 26 subjects. Afterwards, the analysis was carried out by comparing the spending tendencies of both groups. As a result of the study, it was determined that the group with physical money tended to spend less due to the ownership effect compared to the group without physical money. In parallel with the ownership effect, it has been evaluated that the reason why the group with physical money tends to spend it late may be due to the pain of paying money.
Anne Ölümleri Açısından Kadın Yoksulluğunun En Belirgin Örneği: Afganistan
Authors: Uysal Merve
Published: October 2024

Yoksulluk, dünya genelinde sadece ekonomik bir sorun olmanın ötesinde, artan bir insani ve toplumsal problem olarak kendini göstermektedir. Bu durum, insanların onurlu bir yaşam sürmeleri ve temel insan haklarına erişimlerinin önünde ciddi bir engel teşkil etmektedir. Yoksulluğun kadınlar ve erkekler üzerindeki etkileri farklılık gösterdiği için, çözüm süreçlerinde cinsiyete özgü yaklaşımlar geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Kadın yoksulluğu, bir ülkenin ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel gelişimini olumsuz yönde etkileyebilir ve özellikle Afganistan gibi az gelişmiş ülkelerde daha büyük bir sorun oluşturarak genel refahı düşürebilir. Özellikle son yıllarda Afganistan'da kadınlar, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliği ve yoksulluk gibi meseleler nedeniyle sağlık ve refah sorunlarını daha da kötüleştiren zorluklarla karşılaşmaktadır. Bu durum, kadınların yeterli sağlık hizmetlerine erişimini ve bu hizmetler için gerekli kaynak ve finansmana ulaşmasını zorlaştırmaktadır. Yoksulluk, bireylerin ve toplumların karşılaştığı karmaşık bir sorun olduğundan ekonomik, sosyal ve psikolojik boyutları ile derin etkilere sahiptir. Nitekim bahsedilen etkiler toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğini sağlayabilmek adına kritik olarak cinsiyet bazlı ayrı olarak ele alınmalıdır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma öncelikle yoksulluğun kadınlaşması ve anne ölüm oranları arasındaki ilişkiyi tartışmayı, ardından Afganistan'da uzun süredir devam eden iç çatışma, istikrarsızlık ve savaşın anne sağlığı ve anne ölüm oranları üzerindeki etkisini literatür taramasından yola çıkarak veriler ışığında değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın sonucunda ortaya çıktığı üzere, kadın yoksulluğu, bir ülkenin ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel gelişimini olumsuz etkileyerek özellikle az gelişmiş ülkelerde, Afganistan gibi, kalkınma süreçlerini sekteye uğratmaktadır ve genel refahı düşürmektedir. Özellikle son yıllarda Afganistan'da kadınlar, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliği ve yoksulluk gibi nedenlerle sağlık ve refah sorunlarının daha da kötüleşmesi sebebiyle gerekli sağlık hizmetlerine ve finansmana erişimde büyük zorluklar yaşamaktadır. Bu durum, toplumun genel sağlık durumunu ve kalkınma potansiyelini ciddi şekilde etkilemektedir.
“Holes Tied Together with String”: Grief in Julian Barnes’ Flaubert’s Parrot
Authors: Ceylan M. Mirac
Published: October 2024

Julian Barnes’ Flaubert’s Parrot (1984) is an experimental novel in which the narrator Geoffrey Braithwaite searches for parrots, multiple biographies, and truth(s) about the life of Gustave Flaubert. On the other hand, the novel has an infrastructure about Braithwaite’s personal life and grief that flows simultaneously with the surface layer of the narrative. All these concepts are treated as ‘holes tied together with string’ in the narrative of Flaubert’s Parrot, a phrase used for the definition of biography writing in the novel. With its intertextual, fragmented, parodic, and self-reflexive narrative, Flaubert’s Parrot has been often read and analysed having Postmodern literary theories in mind, centralising the experimental aspects of the novel. In this regard, Flaubert’s Parrot is a fruitful source to analyse with the postmodern consciousness as the novel approaches to past, history, biography and truth from the perspective that views these concepts not as solid, reliable or static, but as fluid, vague, and multiple. However, the infrastructure of the novel that is related with the loss of Braithwaite’s wife Ellen occupies an essential part in the novel, forming its raison d’etre as Braithwaite indicates that “Ellen’s is a true story; perhaps it is even the reason why I am telling you Flaubert’s story instead” (2012, p. 86). This study, by making specific references to Barnes’ memoir titled Levels of Life, attempts to present how Braithwaite manages to insert his grief under the narrative of the search of Flaubert, his biography and his parrots. The study also compares Braithwaite’s approach to grief and mourning with the Freudian sense of the concepts.
Znaczenie wewnątrzkomórkowego kanału chlorkowego 1 (chloride intracellular channel 1, CLIC1) w nowotworach głowy i szyi
Authors: Wojtera Bartosz
Published: October 2024

Ion channels are integral membrane proteins present on the plasma membrane as well as intracellular membranes. In the human genome, there are more than 400 known genes encoding ion channel proteins. One of their representatives is the Chloride Intracellular Chanel 1 (CLIC1). It regulates various neoplastic processes including cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis. In the head and neck cancer, CLIC1 protein has an increased expression in tumor tissues and blood plasma in patients with oral and nasopharyngeal cancer. Therefore, it may be potentially used as a cancer biomarker.
Porównanie rozkładów dawek dla napromieniania mózgu dla technik dynamicznych IMRT i VMAT oraz techniki 3DCRT
Authors: Kijeska Weronika , Radomiak Maria , Kosmowska Justyna , Skrobała Agnieszka
Published: October 2024

Whole-brain radiotherapy is a standard treatment for many brain metastases. Whole brain irradiation is a palliative treatment aimed at improving the patient's quality of life. Historically, this procedure was most often performed using two opposing side beams. However, as patients increasingly undergo repeated radiotherapy, dynamic techniques are used to minimize doses to critical organs. The study aimed to compare techniques used in whole brain irradiation in terms of dose analysis in critical organs (OAR, Organs at Risk). A group of 5 patients with brain metastases were qualified for the study. For each patient, a treatment plan was prepared using a static three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy technique (3DCRT) and two plans using a dynamic technique (IMRT, Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy), and (VMAT, volumetric modulated arc therapy). All plans were compared with each other in terms of isodose coverage of 98% and 95% of the planned irradiation volume (PTV, Planning Target Volume) and the dose in 2% of the PTV volume, maximum doses in the OAR: lenses, eyes and in the left and right optic nerve. Mean maximum lens dose values ​​were below tolerance dose values but with better lens protection in favor of dynamic techniques; the average value of the maximum dose for the eyes and optic nerve was very similar consistent with the tolerance doses. Dynamic techniques enable better coverage of the PTV volume with the administered dose and minimize doses administered to critical organs.
Kalakacarya-katha: A Jaina Monk’s Tryst with the Scythians as Represented in the Illustrated Manuscripts from Western India
Authors:   Librarian and Social Media Officer at Salar Jung Museum, Ministry of Culture, Government of India, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, Ghosh Soma
Published: October 2024

The article discusses an ancient Jaina legend dating back 2000 years, which revolves around the abduction of a nun named Sarasvati by the king of Ujjayini, and the subsequent involvement of a Saka (Scythian) king in her rescue. The story was recorded in Prakrit and Gujarati a thousand years later and was illustrated and included in Kalpasutra manuscripts five hundred years after that. The article explores the illustrations from manuscripts commissioned in Western India, particularly Gujarat, for their patrons, the Sultanates of Jaunpur, Ahmedabad, and Malwa. These illustrations shed light on the storyline, highlighting the use of yogic power and moral themes, providing insight into the meaning behind the Svetambara sect’s legend and its representation in Western Indian Art history.
Pregnancy through the Lens of Breast Cancer Survivors: A Qualitative Study in an Iranian Setting
Authors: Azizi Marzieh , Ebrahimi Elham , Moghadam Zahra Behboodi , Shahhosseini Zohreh , Khorsandi Behjat , Modarres Maryam
Published: October 2024

Background:

An increasing incidence of breast cancer (BC) among young women
aged<40 and also a growing pattern of delay in childbearing decision-making among couples in developed
and developing countries leads to considerable concerns regarding the possibility of pregnancy
for young BC survivors without children. These women may have had different experiences
and needs during pregnancy, which were not assessed in previous studies.

Objective:

This study was carried out to explore the experiences of pregnancy and perceived needs
through the lens of Iranian BC survivors.

Method:

In this qualitative conventional content analysis, sixteen BC survivors at two referral centers
in Sari, Mazandaran, Northern Iran, were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected
through in-depth semi-structured interviews, and the content analysis of the interviews was
carried out according to Graneheim and Landman's strategies using MAXQDA 2018 software.

Results:

The participant's age mean ± standard deviation was 31.94 ± 3.90 years, and also, the age of
participants at BC diagnosis time ranged from 20-33 years (mean ± SD= 25.81 ± 3.50 years). 14 out of
16 participants had one pregnancy after cancer treatment, one survivor had two, and one had three
pregnancies experienced after surviving. The result of data analysis led to the extraction of six main
categories, including "pregnancy and childbirth problems", " mental health problems," "social problems",
"marital instability", "need to support,” "need to resort to spirituality," and 13 subcategories.

Conclusions:

The results of this study provide significant information regarding the experiences
and needs of BC survivors during pregnancy. As pregnancy considered as a stressful occurrence in
women's life especially in BC survivors, attention to their concerns and needs is an important issue
which should be addressed. These women need to a special attention and follow up during pregnancy
by their midwife or gynecologist. In addition, promoting the healthcare providers' information
regarding the pregnancy consequences among these women is vital to providing high-quality maternal
care to them.
Recaudación de los Servicios Tecnológicos UNI entre el 2009 al 2023
Authors: Salazar Quiroz Gerald
Published: October 2024

Se presenta el estudio de caso del comportamiento de los recursos directamente recaudados por concepto de servicios tecnológicos, definido como la suma de las específicas de servicios de investigación y desarrollo (1.3. 3 9. 2 3) y los servicios a terceros (1.3. 3 9. 2 9), de la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería entre el periodo 2009 a 2023. Bajo un enfoque de extensionismo tecnológico, los ingresos recaudados y la gestión de estos servicios por parte de la UNI, pueden ser considerados como indicadores del cumplimiento de la función de la universidad como proveedor de servicios derivados del conocimiento en el sector productivo. Los datos obtenidos muestran una tendencia a la baja, especialmente en los servicios a terceros, mientras que los servicios de I+D se mantienen estables en el promedio de años, pero que aún no recuperan niveles de ingresos previos a la pandemia de la COVID-19. Este trabajo también propone líneas de modernización para la gestión de servicios tecnológicos de la universidad, a partir de las disposiciones de la PCM con respecto a las actividades de comercialización de servicios prestados en exclusividad por parte de las instituciones públicas.
Inter-relação entre qualidade do carboidrato da dieta e estado nutricional de uma comunidade de assentados do município de Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará
Authors: Thayla Gutihellen Santiago de Oliveira  , Da Silva Costa Bruna Yhang , Ferreira da Silva Daniel , Vieira de Abreu do Vale Josicleia , Nogueira Celedonio Ana Karen , Santiago de Oliveira Ana Klécia , Nunes Fernandes Lucas , Sousa Silva Thais Cristina
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar o índice glicêmico (IG) e a carga glicêmica (CG) da dieta de uma comunidade de assentados no município de Limoeiro do Norte/Ceará, Brasil e verificar se existe relação entre essas variáveis e o estado nutricional desses indivíduos. Método: Estudo transversal com amostra composta por 77 indivíduos adultos. O estado nutricional foi avaliado através de circunferência da cintura (CC), A Body Shape Index (ABSI) e Body Roundness Index (BRI). Recordatórios alimentares de 24 horas (R24h) foram aplicados e o índice glicêmico (IG) e a carga glicêmica (CG) foram calculados. A investigação de correlações de índice glicêmico com as variáveis antropométricas BRI e CC foi realizada por meio da utilização de teste de correlação de Pearson. A avaliação de correlação entre a carga glicêmica e a variável antropométrica ABSI foi feita através do teste de correlação de Spearman. As variáveis foram avaliadas quanto à associação através do teste Qui-quadrado. Resultado: Na população do estudo, predominaram as inadequações de IG (60,38±2,65), CG (139,46±53,45) e CC (94,23±10,99) com valores mais elevados entre os homens. Houve maior adequação para os marcadores mais recentes ABSI (0,0755±0,0040) e BRI (3,411±0,8593), que apresentaram valores proeminentes entre as mulheres. A análise estatística demonstrou ausência de correlação ou associação entre as variáveis cruzadas. Conclusão: Infere-se que os marcadores dietéticos inadequados prevaleceram entre os homens, enquanto as mulheres apresentaram mais marcadores antropométricos inadequados. IG e CG não se associaram com os marcadores CC, ABSI e BRI.
SOBEL OPERATOR AND PCA FOR NEAREST TARGET OF RETINA IMAGES
Authors:   Tiruppur Kumaran College for Women, India, B Sivaranjani , C Kalaiselvi ,   Tiruppur Kumaran College for Women, India
Published: October 2024

In eye, innermost layer is retina. Various important anatomical structures are available in this. Different eye diseases like diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, etc are indicated by this. For clinical study, patient screening, and diagnosing ocular diseases, physicians are assisted by vascular intersections and blood vessels extraction in retinal images. Retina image’s nearest template are detected using fuzzy neural network (FNN), Probabilistic neural network (PNN) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) classifier’s ensemble in recent work. However, various factors like low contrast are having adverse effect on image quality. Accuracy is reduced by this and it is susceptible to errors owing to different human factors. For overcoming these issues, image denoising is introduced first in this work. Clustering algorithm is used for performing this denoising. Fuzzy clustering are used for removing noises present in samples. The, Sobel edge detection operator is used for detecting edges in retina images. To enrich retina image in image enhancement, enhanced linear contrast stretching is used. Mutual Information (MI) optimization is initialized as a coarse localization process using dimension reduction, where local optima are avoided and optimization domain is narrowed down. Then, Enhanced fuzzy neural network (FNN), Improved Probabilistic neural network (PNN) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) classifier’s ensembling is used for recognizing retina image’s nearest template.
ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS ON IMAGE SEGMENTATION TECHNIQUES
Authors:   GD Goenka University, India, Kulshreshtha Akanksha , Nagpal Arpita ,   GD Goenka University, India
Published: October 2024

Image segmentation is a process of partitioning an image into different subregions based on edge detection, area based or clustering based methods. Segmentation of brain MRI images is a challenging task. This paper provides a thorough analysis of different segmentation techniques with morphological operators for brain tumor detection. After segmenting the image, morphological operators are used to eliminate and add some pixels from tumor boundaries and to improve the performance of segmentation algorithm. Manual segmentation is used to construct the gold standard for comparing the segmented image. Comparison is performed using performance parameters such as dice, Jaccard coefficient, selectivity, recall and precision. The experimental results show that precision can be improved up to 85% in clustering-based segmentation and full selectivity can be achieved by combining segmentation techniques with morphological operation of erosion. The other performance parameters have also improved by applying erosion than dilation.
CANNY EDGE DETECTION AND CONTRAST STRETCHING FOR FACIAL EXPRESSION DETECTION AND RECOGNITION USING MACHINE LEARNING
Authors:   Dr. N.G.P. Arts and Science College, India, Kumar P Dinesh , Jeetha B Rosiline ,   Dr. N.G.P. Arts and Science College, India
Published: October 2024

Facial expression recognition in the world is challenging due to various unconstrained conditions. Although existing facial expression classifiers have been almost perfect for analyzing constrained frontal faces, they fail to perform well on partially occluded faces common in the wild. This paper deals with Facial expression detection and recognition through the Viola-jones algorithm and HCNN using the LSTM method to avoid those challenges in recent work. For face detection, basically, utilize the face detection Viola-Jones algorithm and it recognizes the occluded face and it helps to perform the feature selection through the whale optimization algorithm, once after compression and further, it minimizes the feature vector given into the HCNN and LSTM model for efficiently identifying the facial expression. In existing work, the feature extraction stage exact finding of the corner becomes a very difficult task, to solve this issue need to use a corner detection algorithm to enhance the feature extraction (corner points) from the face image. One of the main drawbacks of WOA is that it is not good at exploring the search space. To overcome those issues, the work introduced an improved framework for facial image recognition. In which first edges are detected using the canny edge detection operator. Then improved linear contrast stretching is used for image enhancement. Then in feature extraction, the author proposes Hybrid SIFT with Double d-LBP (Dd-LBP) to obtain the features that are illumination and pose independent. For face detection, utilize the face detection Viola-Jones algorithm and it recognizes the occluded face and significant features are selected by using self-learning chicken swarm optimization, it minimizes the feature vector is given into the Hybrid HCNN and LSTM model for efficiently identifying the facial expression. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed work in terms of accuracy, precision, recall and f-measure.
AN IMPROVED CNN MODEL FOR CLASSIFICATION OF APPLE LEAF DISEASE AND VISUALIZATION USING WEIGHTED GRADIENT CLASS ACTIVATION MAP
Authors:   Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University, India, Mahato Dharmendra Kumar , Pundir Amit ,   Maharaja Agarsen College, India, Saxena Geetika Jain ,   Maharaja Agarsen College, India
Published: October 2024

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), a particular type of forwarding feed network composed of convolutional, pooling, and fully connected layers, has become the dominant and most widely used deep learning architecture. Significantly enhanced effectiveness of ConvNets has made CNNs the go-to architecture model for almost every image processing-based application. CNNs automatically and adaptively learn spatial hierarchies of features with high accuracy, precision, and efficiency. This paper proposes three CNN models with 5, 6, and 7 layers with two types of classification layers at the top of the model, resulting in six kinds of models. Each model is trained on apple leaf diseases obtained with augmentation deployed on the PlantVillage dataset containing images of healthy and three types of leaf diseases. The trained models are compared on training time, testing accuracy, testing time. The best performing model (6-layer based model with fully connected layer as a classifier (6FC) in our case) yields 99.14% accuracy. This best-performing model is also compared with the state-of-art models such as VGG-16, InceptionV3, and MobileNetV2, trained using the transfer learning approach. After model comparison, we found our best model (6FC) outperformed the other models based on evaluated performance metrics with improvements as 3.94% gain in accuracy, 25.97% reduced parameters, and less training time (0.51hr) and testing time (20.5 sec) compared to VGG-16. Comparing precision, recall, and f1-score values are also found high (between 0.98 to 1) with our proposed model. The weighted gradient class activation map (Grad-CAM) technique generates a visualization of class predictions on the test dataset. The Grad-Cam visualization of results validates the prediction score attained by the proposed model.
HYPERSPECTRAL AND MULTISPECTRAL IMAGE FUSION USING FULLY CONSTRAINED NONLINEAR COUPLED NONNEGATIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION
Authors:   Kannur University, India, K Priya , K K Rajkumar ,   Kannur University, India
Published: October 2024

Hyperspectral images (HSI) have a wide range of spectral information compared to conventional images. This rich spectral information leads to store more information about the image. Even though the hyperspectral images have multiple spectrum bands that makes narrow division of each spectral band in the image. This narrow band division reduces the spatial quality of HSI and hence it necessitates the improvement of the spatial quality of the hyperspectral image. One of the most emerging methods to improve or enhance the hyperspectral image quality is the HS-MS image fusion. Most of the existing image fusion methods neglects the nonlinear data associated with the image. To overcome this limitation, we proposed a nonlinear unmixing-based fusion model, namely Fully Constrained Nonlinear-CNMF (FCN-CNMF) by consider the nonlinearity data associated with the image. To improve the performance of our nonlinear unmixing-based fusion method, we imposed certain constraints on both spectral and spatial data. The constraints include minimum volume simplex with spectral data and total variance and sparsity with spatial data to enhance the quality of the image. We applied all these constraints to both hyperspectral and multispectral images and then fused these data to obtain the final high-quality image. The fused image’s quality is measured using five standard quality measures on four benchmark datasets and found that the proposed method shows superiority over all baseline methods.
DETAIL PRESERVED DENOISING ALGORITHM VIA PATCH BASED EDGE SIMILARITY INDEX AND JOINT BILATERAL FILTER
Authors:   Kerala Agricultural University, India, David Dayana
Published: October 2024

Denoising algorithms are getting more attention in these days because they play a vital role in other applications of image processing. As details structures are the important information of Human Visual System, its preservation in denoised image is highly demanding one. A two step denoising algorithm based on Patch based Edge Similarity Index and Joint Bilateral Filter algorithm proposed in this paper, preserves the edge structures and produce visually pleasant denoised image. Edge Similarity Index (ESI) proposed in the paper group patches according to their similarity in orientation and hence preserve the detail feature. The optimally grouped patches transferred to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) domain and the proposed noise suppression method eliminates the noisy component. Adaptive soft thresholding noise suppression method suppress the noise based on local noise estimation. Noise estimation in local level helps to estimate the noise accurately where noise affected differently in regions of a scene. Strong noises residuals may exist after first step, the denoised image in the first step further processed by a Joint Bilateral Filter for producing visually pleasant denoised image. Experimental results shown that proposed denoising algorithm achieves comparable detail preserving performance in terms of visual analysis and quantitative analysis over other state of art method.
SVPA - THE SEGMENTATION BASED VISUAL PROCESSING ALGORITHM (SVPA) FOR ILLUSTRATION ENHANCEMENTS IN DIGITAL VIDEO PROCESSING (DVP)
Authors:   Sri Eshwar College of Engineering, India, J Logeshwaran , T Kiruthiga ,   Vetri Vinayaha College of Engineering and Technology, India, V Aravindarajan ,   K L N College of Engineering, India, Ravi Sharan Pravin ,   Sheffield Hallam University, United Kingdom
Published: October 2024

At the present time photographic visual processing is rapidly moving towards the next stage. In addition, a variety of visual processing technologies are evolving, such as splitting image dimensions, calibration, pixel beautification, and high-resolution images. The impact of this digital visual processing technology has now greatly enhanced the opportunities for digital video processing technology and the source of its evolution. The vast industry of converting color images from black and white enables it to present even historical videos of the earlier period in a contemporary manner. In this paper, the segmentation based visual processing algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is designed to enhance resolution and clarity to a certain extent with multi-visual enhanced pixels. It also enhances the contrast, brightness and sharpness enhancement as it is much improved over the previous methods. This algorithm works on each image frame and enhances the overall visual function.
PIONEERING MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS - NEURO-FUZZY SYSTEMS AND SWARM INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS
Authors:   Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, India, Lekshmi S.G. Sree , M Sankari ,   Lekshmipuram College of Arts and Science, India
Published: October 2024

This study introduces a hybrid approach for lung cancer detection, combining Neuro-Fuzzy Systems for robust feature extraction and the Firefly Algorithm for accurate classification of lung nodules as benign or malignant. The methodology is validated through comprehensive experiments using standard datasets and compared against established techniques like SVM-ANN and RBF-PSO. The research highlights the interpretability and learning capabilities of Neuro-Fuzzy Systems and the effectiveness of the Firefly Algorithm in medical image classification, showcasing improvements in accuracy and reliability over traditional methods.
ACCURATE WEATHER FORECASTING OVER WIDE DATASETS USING MACHINE LEARNING MODELS
Authors:   Shadan Women’s College of Engineering and Technology, India, Jones C. Berin
Published: October 2024

Accurate weather forecasting is crucial for numerous sectors, including agriculture, disaster management, and daily life. This study leverages advanced data mining techniques to analyze and predict weather patterns using extensive historical weather data. Predicting daily weather patterns with high accuracy remains challenging due to the complexity and variability of climate factors. This study aims to identify the most effective machine learning models for this task by comparing various algorithms. Weather data collected over ten years from ten different datasets were analyzed using a diverse set of machine learning models, including rules-based (OneR, Decision Table, JRIP, Ridor), tree-based (J48, LMT, Random Forest, CART), and function-based (MLR, MLP, SVM, LogitBoost, SMO, ANN) approaches. Each model was evaluated based on multiple performance metrics: precision, recall, accuracy, F-measure, True Positive Rate (TPR), False Positive Rate (FPR), True Negative Rate (TNR), and False Negative Rate (FNR). The Random Forest model outperformed others with an accuracy of 92.5%, precision of 91.3%, recall of 90.8%, and an F-measure of 91.0%. The SVM and ANN models also shown strong performance, with accuracies of 90.1% and 89.7%, respectively. Function-based models showed higher robustness in variable conditions, while tree-based models provided better interpretability. Rules-based models, although simpler, yielded lower performance metrics, with OneR achieving the highest among them at 81.2% accuracy.
NEXT-GEN REMOTE SENSING: RCNN AND ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION FOR ACCURATE LAND COVER MAPPING
Authors:   Rajalakshmi Institute of Technology, India, O Pandithurai , Selvam P.M. Sithar ,   KCG College of Technology, India, Krishnan Arun ,   Mangalore Institute of Technology and Engineering, India, R Manoja ,   K S R College of Engineering, India
Published: October 2024

Accurate land cover mapping is crucial for various applications, from environmental monitoring to urban planning. Traditional methods often struggle with high-dimensional data and complex landscape features. This study integrates RCNN (Region-based Convolutional Neural Network) and ANT Colony Optimization (ACO) to enhance land cover mapping accuracy. RCNN is utilized for precise segmentation of high-resolution satellite imagery, while ACO is employed for effective feature extraction, leveraging the algorithm's ability to identify and optimize features in the presence of complex patterns. Our method was evaluated using a dataset of 500 km², achieving a segmentation accuracy of 92.5% and a feature extraction precision improvement of 18.3% compared to conventional techniques. The integration of RCNN and ACO demonstrates significant advancements in capturing detailed land cover information and improving overall mapping accuracy.
Assessing the Diagnostic Accuracy of ChatGPT-4 in Identifying Diverse Skin Lesions against Squamous and Basal Cell Carcinoma (Preprint)
Authors: Chetla Nitin , Chen Matthew , Chang Joseph , Smith Aaron , Gardner Alana , Bryer Bridget
Published: October 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Abstract: Our study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of ChatGPT-4o in classifying various skin lesions, highlighting its limitations in distinguishing squamous cell carcinoma from basal cell carcinoma using dermatoscopic images.
The Origin of English Textbooks with the English Pronunciation Indicated in the Chinese Characters
Authors: Yu Deying
Published: October 2024

The earliest English textbooks compiled by Chinese people used Chinese characters to indicate the pronunciation of English words, hence they were called Chinese character phonetic English textbooks. The compilation of these kinds of textbooks has a long history. In a broader sense, their origins can be traced back to the compilation of foreign language textbooks during the Yuan and Ming dynasties, namely Hua Yi Yi Yü. In a narrower sense, their origin is closely related to the "Macao Portuguese" textbooks. Their prototype originated from the direct contact between Chinese and English languages, resulting in the orally transmitted "Canton English." As Sino-British trade expanded, there was an increasing societal need for more trade-related foreign language talent. Therefore, People used the Cantonese dialect to record the pronunciations of spoken English heard during interactions with British people, forming the earliest "Cantonese Phonetic English Textbooks" and establishing the rudimentary form of Chinese character phonetic English textbooks. In terms of compilation style, content arrangement, and phonetic notation methods, the textbooks of Hua Yi Yi Yü, Macao Portuguese, and Canton English share a common lineage, forming the framework of the .Chinese character phonetic English textbooks.
Optimization of an Energy Recovery Circuit for a Low-Voltage Lighting System
Authors: Mandimby Tigana , Rakotomalala Adrinavalona , Andrianiavarivelo Jaolalaina , Randriamantany Zely
Published: October 2024

This work is devoted to the study of the physical properties of a circuit that allows both the last remaining charges of a pile or a accumulator yes cells unique to be used in other devices and to save energy stored in a new battery and all this in the lighting domain . The corresponding device is made from a transistor, a resistor and a coil. The coil is made up of a standard ferrite core with two windings of which the primary contains 34 turns and the secondary, 58 turns. Most components are local components. The study is based on the Proteus simulation software. The experiment of the device consists of comparisons of the energy consumed by an electroluminescent diode without the designed circuit and with this circuit to see its performance. In particular, the circuit can use a very low voltage of about 0.37V and can power the electroluminescent diode for a week without interruption if it is powered by a R6S/1.5V battery.
Contribution of GIS and participatory Mapping for the analysis of the cropping system in the circle of Kita, in Mali
Authors: Sanogo Tinzanga , Bengaly Souleymane , Kone Kamba
Published: October 2024

The development of geospatial technologies allows the creation of numerous services in all areas. In agriculture, their use is much more oriented towards mapping and evaluating agricultural areas. However, the identification and mapping of crops through GIS tools remains a major challenge especially in its African context. The objective of this work is to analyze the crop systems of the terroirs of Banfara, Madina Malinké and in the circle of Kita using GIS tools. To achieve this objective, we used the Google Earth Pro database for the years 2020 and 2021. Through a participatory approach, all the plots and the type of cultivation practiced were identified and mapped. After digitizing the agricultural plots, we carried out field observation in order to validate them. Geoprocessing operations and descriptive analyzes were then carried out. The methodological approach adopted allowed the exhaustive mapping of agricultural plots in the areas of Banfara, Madina Malinké and Toufinko. During the two agricultural seasons 2019-2020 and 2020-2021, the results show a dominance of cereal crops in the village of Banfara and a dominance of cash crops in the villages of Madina Malinké and Toufinko.
Perpetual Analysis and Relevance of Love Bond in the Novels of Khaled Hosseini
Authors: Rathore Dr. Madhvi , Chundawat Vandana
Published: October 2024

Khaled Hosseini is one of the most prolific Afghan-American Writer who beautifully investigates into the delicacies of human relationships. In his novels, Hosseini has stated his concern about the despicable conditions of the people in general and women in specific who have been doubly disregarded â€“one by the society and the other inside the four walls of their homes. Against the backdrop of such a ruptured environment, the strong factor that gives strength to the characters is the bond of love and trustworthiness as reflected in The Kite Runner, A Thousand Splendid Suns and the Mountains Echoed. Hosseini makes it vibrant and clear that these love stories are very much unlike the platonic narratives of romantic love hood between a man and a woman. They are not traditional, they are the stories of love where â€œcharacters are saved by love and humanismâ€. (2003 interview). Their love is tried and testified in extreme difficult situations and the characters are left to realize their individual paths by reuniting to their loved ones at their own risk. It is eventually this yearning for love that draws characters out of their loneliness, gives them power and strength to transcend their boundaries, to tussle with their weaknesses and perform shocking acts of self-sacrifice.
The Effect of Herbal Medicine for Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hong Soo-hwa , Chung U-ryeong , Shin Gil-cho
Published: October 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of herbal medicine on patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods: Articles published from 2011 to February 17, 2024 were searched via PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CiNii, KISS, RISS, and OASIS. The quality of included articles was evaluated using a risk-of-bias tool. Meta-analyses considered the effects of herbal medicines on the total effective rate, renal function estimates (GFR, SCr, BUN, 24h-Upro), and other indicators (e.g., uric acid, hemoglobin, and bone density-related indicators).Results: A total of 13 RCTs were included in this study. The treatment group showed a significantly higher total effective rate (RR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.33-1.62, P<0.00001) and GFR (MD: 9.28, 95% CI: 6.52-12.04, P<0.00001), together with improvements in other renal function indicators, except for 24h-Upro (p=0.05). There were no significant differences in uric acid, hemoglobin, and bone density-related indicators. Adverse events were minimal in both groups.Conclusion: For non-dialysis CKD, this study supports the effectiveness of nine herbal medicines, either alone or in combination with Western medicines. However, even the meta-analyses provide insufficient evidence to conclusively guarantee the safety and efficacy of all types of herbal medicines in treating CKD. Therefore, additional well-designed studies are necessary to enhance the clinical application of herbal medicines in CKD.
The Effects of Mannyeon-hwan on Acetic Acid-induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats
Authors: Kong Won-ho , Kim Bum-hoi , Kim Won-ill
Published: October 2024

Objectives: This study was designed to verify the effects of Mannyeon-hwan (MNH) on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats.Methods: Ulcerative colitis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing approximately 250 g by injecting acetic acid through the anus. Rats were classified into four groups: normal group, control group (acetic-acid, AA), low concentration group (AA+MNH(L)), and high concentration group (AA+MNH(H)). Body weight, visual evaluation of the colonic mucosa, anatomical histological changes, and changes in the expression of proteins in colon tissue were compared and analyzed.Results: Compared to the control group, the MNH groups showed significant recovery from weight loss and mucosal damage. The expression of inflammatory proteins such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, NF-κB p65, MPO, and COX-2 were significantly decreased in the MNH groups compared to those in the AA group. In the MNH groups, significant changes in proteins involved in apoptosis such as caspase-3, BAX, and Bcl-2 were observed compared to those in the AA group. Additionally, changes in the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, NF-κB p65, BAX, and Bcl-2 were greater in the MNH(H) group than those in the MNH(L) group.Conclusion: Mannyeon-hwan was found to be effective in suppressing inflammation of the colonic mucosa in ulcerative colitis, inhibiting the expression of inflammation-related proteins, and suppressing damage to the colonic mucosa by regulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins.