bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIFICULDADES NO ATENDIMENTO ÀS SITUAÇÕES DE URGÊNCIAS E EMERGÊNCIAS PSIQUIÁTRICAS
Authors: Do Nascimento Bruno Bezerra , Nunes Dayane Fernanda Pereira , De Souza Talita Araujo , Medeiros Francisca Dayane dos Santos , Leite Kamila Netielly Souza , Nobre Juliane de Oliveira Costa
Published: December 2019

A assistência à emergência psiquiátrica é encarada como um dos tópicos mais difíceis e estratégicos no processo da Reforma Psiquiátrica. Essa assistência psicossocial requer buscar formas de atuação que, além de perceber o indivíduo em situação de emergência como ser singular, complexo e entrelaçado por uma rede familiar e social, valorize também a subjetividade. O objetivo desse estudo é reconhecer os obstáculos descritos no acervo literário sobre o atendimento nas situações de urgências e emergências psiquiátricas. Adotou-se a Revisão Integrativa da Literatura que se refere à análise sistemática e ampla de estudos científicos, proporcionando uma síntese do conhecimento contemplando o tema escolhido. De uma maneira geral os estudos e pesquisas analisadas relataram que as dificuldades encontradas no cuidado à pessoa em sofrimento psíquico, devem-se à falta de conhecimentos específicos da área de saúde mental, pois a formação profissional não é frequente nessa área de atuação. Observou-se que em muitas situações o profissional não se sente capacitado a atender a esse público. Com isso, sugere-se o fortalecimento da educação continuada para os profissionais atuantes, como também para os acadêmicos, uma vez que estes serão inseridos no mercado de trabalho.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA PRÁTICA DE PILATES NA APTIDÃO FÍSICA E NA FORÇA DE PREENSÃO MANUAL DE IDOSOS
Authors: Pacheco Luana de Andrade , Menezes Enaiane Cristina , Cano Fernando Wendelstein , Mazo Giovana Zarpellon
Published: December 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência do Pilates de solo na aptidão física de idosos. Participaram do estudo 11 idosos, 9 mulheres e dois homens, com média de idade de 68,73 anos (SD= 6,06). Estes realizaram 34 sessões de exercícios do Pilates de Solo, em 17 semanas, duas vezes por semana, com duração de 60 minutos cada sessão. No início da intervenção foi aplicada a ficha diagnóstica em forma de entrevista individual. Antes e após a intervenção foram aplicados os seguintes instrumentos: medidas antropométricas, preensão manual e a bateria de testes físicos para idosos (Senior Fitness Test – SFT). Quanto às aptidões físicas verificou-se diferença significativa após o programa de Pilates de solo na força dos membros superiores e inferiores, flexibilidade de membros inferiores, agilidade/equilíbrio dinâmico e resistência aeróbia. Concluiu-se neste estudo que o Método Pilates de solo influenciou na melhora da força, flexibilidade de membros inferiores, agilidade/equilíbrio dinâmico e resistência aeróbia, demonstrando ser um método que proporciona benefícios na aptidão física dos idosos.
REITs as an Instrument of Collective Investments in Russia and the USA
Authors: Sedipkova Snezhana V.
Published: December 2019

The objective of the paper is to analyze the activities of Russian mutual funds of real estate and the development of the collective investment industry. To do this, we compare the results of the activities of the Russian mutual funds of real estate with analogues existing in the United States (REITs). We show that such mutual funds of real estate take an important place in the Russian financial system. But the average annual profitability of the closed-end investment fund of real estate in Russia was 6.14 % during 2013–2017, which did not exceed inflation (7.73 %) and the yield on bank deposits (7.86 %). The USA’s REITs profitability over the same period was 9.9 %, which is several times higher than inflation (1.32 %) and deposit profitability (0.6 %), which explains the popularity of this collective investment instrument among the population in the United States. The assets of the mutual funds of real estate in Russia are many times less than the analogues in the USA. The advantage of REITs is that their shares are freely traded on the stock exchange. For the purchase or sale of shares of the closed-end investment fund of real estate, you need to catch the moment of the beginning of the formation or termination of the fund's activity, respectively, and shares are rarely circulating on the exchange. For the period 2015–2017 inflation in Russia drops significantly, reaching 2.51 % in 2017. Together with it, the rates on deposits gradually decrease. If this trend continues, investment in the closed-end investment fund of real estate will become more attractive. The factor of growth of the Russian mutual funds of real estate could be the amendments to the Federal Law No. 214 “About Participation in Shared-Equity Construction of Apartment Houses…”
Clustering of Cultural Reality Topoi
Authors: Sokolov Boris G. , Alekseev-Apraksin Anatoly M.
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to cultural transformations, which are associated, by the authors opinion, with the global development of information and communication technologies, transcultural noma­dism, as well as with the virtualization of cultural practices and clustering of consciousness, which segment cultural reality in a new way. The article examines the options for understanding and using the concept of cluster in science, politics, economics, and gives its cultural definition. The analysis of the cluster consciousness phenomenon involves the cultural-phi­losophical, structural, and hermeneutic approaches. Referring to the positions of I. Kant, S. Freud, M. Heidegger, M. McLuhan, C. Ratti, M. Claudel and others, the authors investigate cultural changes and argue the thesis that modern human consciousness works in the mode of splitting the cultural reality and constituting the world according to the cluster type. The article concludes that the modern cultural rea­lity is taking the form of a global multiplex network, and has some cluster decentralized forms of organization. Unfolding as a temporary and logical unity of events, it forms the identity of the actors involved, and can be interpreted as a key factor in the cultural diffusion of the modern world. These arguments can be illustrated by examples of the tourism industry development, cluster ways of organizing cultural spa­ces, M. Augé’s concept of “non-place”, and other scenarios of the functioning of cultural heritage objects according to new symbolic parameters. The authors demonstrate that, resulting the existential conversion of the places of tourist pilgrimage, millions of people acquire only an ersatz of the culture for which they have undertaken the journey, and the local population itself is being deprived of the symbolic and cultural core and memory that ensure the continuity and authenticity of the local culture.
Experimental Narrative Strategies in Comics
Authors: Fadeeva Tatiana E. , Staruseva-Persheeva Aleksandra D.
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to modern comics, which are considered as a kind of “laboratory” for experiments in the field of visual narratives, focusing on the construction and dynamics of their spatial-temporal continuum. The entire perceptual “space” of comics is significative (Fresnault-Derruelle); all elements of this space constitute the narrative. It is not only about the “space” of a book or a magazine; contemporary comics are intensely exploring new media, a key feature of which is interactivity. The article examines both the “classic” way of presenting visual material (comics in the form of book, “codex”), and the web-comics, which are similar to scrolls in their form, and have a new (compared to books) potential for interactivity. The article provides a systema­tic comparison of the ways of chronotope organizing in comics and screen arts (cinema, video art, media projects, etc.), and draws an analogy between the behavioral models of a comic book reader and a gamer going through the plot of a video game. One of the main theses of the article is the following: even though there are significant differences between the formats of comic books and web comics, there is a basic commonality in the nature of their impact on the rea­der. The images on the pages of comics and the spacings between them create an illusion of time through the mechanism of “closure” (S. McCloud). Therefore, the real interaction between space and time is pos­sible only with an active participation of the viewers who add their corporeality to this equation, matching it with the visual and textual register. In this way, in the process of the “assembling” perception of co­mics, the corporeal and the intellectual merge.
On the History of Early Musical Groups: Instrumental Consorts in England at the Turn of the 16th—17th Centuries
Authors: Smirnova Tatiana V.
Published: December 2019

Appealing to the stated topic is relevant because of the desire to concretize the knowledge of little-known in Russian musicology instrumental consorts (musical groups), as well as to expand the existing understanding of the court culture of Renaissance England and its musical and sound appearance. The main center of English consorts development was the Royal court of the Tudors — Henry VIII and his daughter Elizabeth I. Their heyday was at the peak of the “Golden Age” of English culture. Based on the results of scienti­fic research by Western scientists and visual and verbal sources available for study, the article outlines the milestones in the history of the main types of instrumental consort in England — the whole consort, consisting of instruments of the same family, and the broken consort, today often identified with the mixed consort, which connects heterogeneous instruments. The article notes that the early history of the recorder consort in England was closely connected with creative activities of the family of Venetian musicians Bassano. Extremely popular in musical circles of England, the consort of viol was originally formed thanks to Flemish and, somewhat later, Italian musicians. As for the mixed consort, which united performers of the viols da gamba and da braccio, lute, bandore, cistre and recorder, it started to be called “English” because of the stable combination of certain musical instruments. Analysis of consort music anthologies of the 16th—17th centuries made it possible to identify individual genre and musical-style reference points in musical groups’ repertoire, in which musicians improved the principles of instrumental polyphony and the stile concertante, topical in the Modern Period.
The Rumyantsev Museum’s History in Russian Memoir Sources
Authors: Briskman Tatiana Ya.
Published: December 2019

The article provides an analytical review of the memoirs on the history of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museum (now the Russian State Library), which started with the collections of count N.P. Rumyantsev. The author considers the memories on the Rumyantsev Museum since its foundation in St. Petersburg in 1828, its transfer to Moscow, the activities of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev museums from 1862 to 1917. The author notes the role of memoir literature for the study of the history of librarianship. The article gives description of the sources containing the unique bibliogra­phic information, which reflects publications of me­moirs, diaries, letters about the Rumyantsev Museum in St. Petersburg and Moscow. The article presents the history of the transfer of the Rumyantsev Museum from St. Petersburg to Moscow and gives fragments from the memoirs of V.V. Stasov and “Diary” of V.F. Odoevsky about this event. The author also presents publications dedicated to the leaders of the Rumyantsev Museum and analytically discloses the memoirs placed in them. The article gives excerpts from memoirs, diaries, letters, which reflect the events and facts from the history of foundation and formation of the Rumyantsev Museum, the role of individuals who have made great contribution to the development of the Museum and its library. The author presents information from the memoirs, diary entries of readers about visiting the Rumyantsev library, their contribution to the accession of collections. The article also gives information about the publication of memoirs of the descendants of V.D. Golitsyn, the last Director of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums who became its first Soviet Director. The author reveals the potential of memoir materials for further research of the history of the Rumyantsev Museum and its library, its role in the history of culture and spiritual life of Russian society.
“The House on Fontanka”: Formation of the Image of Petersburg in Mstislav Dobuzhinsky’s Works
Authors: Zavyalova Anna E.
Published: December 2019

The article examines a number of gra­phic works by M.V. Dobuzhinsky: the drawings “Magnificent City, Poor City...”, “View of a Petersburg House”, and a decorative drawing with a fragment of a house in the style of classicism. In spite of the fact that M.V. Dobuzhinsky’s creativity is quite well stu­died, these works are considered for the first time in the article, in order to explore the process of finding the original artistic language in which the master “spoke” about his favorite city. The article identifies the architectural monuments of St. Petersburg that served as prototypes of those depicted, reveals the sources (visual and literary), analyzes the stylistic features. The scientific novelty of the article is defined by a new methodological approach to studying M.V. Dobuzhinsky’s graphic heritage consi­dered in the context of intersection of literature and fine arts — Russian, Western European and Japanese. For the first time, the author makes an attempt to determine the stylistic affiliation of the mentioned works. Their traditional (formal) analysis, in comparison with works by Hiroshige, A. Dürer, G.B. Piranesi, E.E. Lansere, and J. Whistler, is supplemented by an analysis of M.V. Dobuzhinsky’s memoirs and letters. This significantly expands the existing ideas about the visual sources of the artist’s work. The article reveals that the drawings “Magnificent City, Poor City...”, “View of a Petersburg House”, as well as the decorative drawing with a fragment of a house in the style of classicism, depict the house of Galashevsky — V.Ya. Lebedev (87, Fontanka Embankment). The author ascertains the influence of Hiroshige’s woodcuts from the series “One Hundred Famous Views of Edo” on the artistic solution of the drawing “Magnificent City, Poor City...”, as well as on the drawing “Market” by E.E. Lansere, who, in turn, had influenced the abovementioned drawings by M.V. Dobuzhnisky. The article shows that A. Dürer’s and G.B. Piranesi’s engravings influenced the artistic solution of the drawing “View of a Petersburg House”, likewise J. Whistler’s etchings and lithographs exerted influence on a number of works by M.V. Dobuzhinsky and E.E. Lansere. The author concludes that M.V. Dobuzhinsky’s works over various versions of images of the house of Galashevsky — V.Ya. Lebedev were in line with his intensive creative experiments: the search for his own vision of the ima­ge of Petersburg.
Metamorphoses of Russian Mass Culture
Authors: Kirillova Natalia B.
Published: December 2019

The article is a review of the monograph “Russian Mass Culture: From Baroque to Post-Modernism” by Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Russian State University for the Humanities, Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences I.V. Kondakov. The book, which consists of seven chapters, is devoted to the history of the emergence and development of mass culture in Russia from ancient times to the beginning of the 20th century. Studying its ori­gins dating back to antiquity, the author proves that Russian mass culture received an “impulse of indepen­dence” in the 17th century, as the culture was becoming personified, which means a personal principle was coming forward in it. It was during that period, associated with the emergence of Russian Baroque, that two paradigms appeared — Pre-Renaissance and Pre-Enlightenment, which led to the subsequent juxtaposition of “mass” and “elite” cultures in Russia first before Peter the Great and then after his period. The author gives an interesting assessment to the period of the Russian Enlightenment of the 18th century, when there happened a demarcation of the noble culture into libe­ral-democratic and conservative directions. Moreover, the former contributes to “massification”, and the latter – to “individualization” of Russian culture. The crisis of the classical paradigm in the 19th century, including the “literature-centrism” and “critical-centrism” of Russian culture, ultimately led to the formation of new artistic movements, new genres and styles, that is, to the modernization of Russian culture at the turn of the 19th—20th centuries. In this regard, the Silver Age turned out to be an “exquisite and ephemeral construction of the Russian Renaissance” in paradoxical forms of symbolism and modernism.

The review reflected the structural and substantive aspects of I.V. Kondakov’s monograph, the features of his theoretical analysis, the specifics of style and language. The article evaluates the publication, reveals its uniqueness and scientific significance for modern humanitarian science, including history and cultural studies, literary criticism and philosophy, art criticism and aesthetics.
Russian Masscult: Reflections about the Specificity of the Author’s Vision
Authors: Loginova Marina V.
Published: December 2019

The review notes the specifics of understanding the Russian mass culture transformation, given by the domestic cultural studies expert, literary critic and philosopher I.V. Kondakov.

The monograph “Russian Mass Culture: From Baroque to Post-Modernism” is interesting for its relevant methodology, which allows to build a scientific model that can combine classical issues and mo­dern interpretations. The methodology is based on the principles of dialectical development of masscult; literature-centrism is considered the main idea of the author, which determines the main trends in the development of Russian mass culture. The author’s position of “out-presence” regarding to the subject of his research proves that it is legitimate to review the logical and illogical in the history and development of the Russian masscult. The architectonics of I.V. Kondakov’s scientific research is defined as having a circular structure, which connects the metho­dological foundations of the peer-reviewed monog­raph with H.-G. Gadamer’s “hermeneutic circle”. The author defines three features in the understanding of mass culture, defined by the negation of “-not”: its emergence is “not connected” exclusively with the 20th century; the origins “can not” have only ethno-national character; “do not belong” to a certain socio-economic formation. He manages to open the boundaries of the usual interpretations of mass culture due to a more voluminous approach to the subject of research. This approach, of course, required the scientist to apply not only encyclopedic know­ledge, but also a consistent analysis of the broad historical, cultural, and literary context of the undertaken research. The article notes the representativeness of the author’s sample of personalities for the study, which is reflected in the index of names, in particular.

The study is characterized as somewhat provocative, offering the reader an unexpectedly new interpretation of famous works, presented mainly by Russian literature.

The specificity of the author’s interpretation lies in the fact that the philosophical-culturological concept of the Russian masscult transformation not only brings a kind of research result, but also determines the vectors for further study of the issue.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF EELPOUT LYCODES BRASHNIKOVI (ZOARCIDAE) AT THE WESTERN COAST OF KAMCHATKA IN SUMMER SEASON
Authors: Kurbanov Yu. K.
Published: December 2019

Eelpout Lycodes brashnikovi is a common species of bottom ichthyofauna in the waters at West Kamchatka. It distributes through the whole surveyed area, with sporadic dense aggregations at the depths of 50–150 and 200–300 m. It is an eurythermic species. Adult fish with the length 36–45 cm prevail in its trawl catches (on average 59.3 %); its maximum length is 52 cm. Catches of other species from the family Zoarcidae are insignificant on the shelf of West Kamchatka in summer, so Lycodes brashnikovi is considered as the most numerous representative of this family in this season.
EMBRYONIC AND EARLY LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF WHITESPOTTED GREENLING HEXAGRAMMOS STELLERI (SCORPAENIFORMES: HEXAGRAMMIDAE) FROM THE NORTHERN OKHOTSK SEA
Authors: Yusupov R. R. , Yusupov R. R.
Published: December 2019

In vitro morphological development of whitespotted greenling Hexagrammos stelleri from the northern Okhotsk Sea is described in detail and illustrated from the eggs fertilization to the larvae transition to exogenous feeding. Mean diameter of the fertilized eggs is determined as 2.03 mm (1.80–2.30 mm). The embryos hatch in 30 days and 6 hours after fertilization of eggs under the water temperature of 7.1–12.4 оC (on average 11.5 оC). The hatched prelarvae have the size TL 7.73–9.20 mm (on average 8.49 ± 0.09 mm) and SL 7.48–8.80 (8.15 ± 0.08 mm).
INFLUENCE OF SUSPENDED FLUVIAL SEDIMENTS ON THE RIVER ICHTHYOCENE
Authors: Chalov S. R. , Esin E. V. , Leman V. N.
Published: December 2019

Published data on direct and indirect impacts of suspended matter on freshwater fish are overviewed, both for short-term (hours) experiments and long-term (weeks and months) monitoring in natural conditions. Lethal or paralethal concentrations of the suspended matter are determined for 18 species from 8 families. Accumulation effect of the permanent concentration is observed for charr Salvelinus malma in the laboratory experiment. The most common fish families of the freshwater ichthyofauna in Russia are ranked by threshold of their sensitivity to suspended matter in the order: sturgeon and catfish (1000 mg/L) — carp (250 mg/L) — perch (100 mg/L) — salmon (10 mg/L, with paralethal concentration 25–35 mg/L). Fish mortality is estimated in dependence on the suspended matter concentration and time of exposure, by species. Environmental consequences of the suspended sediments impact are assessed for fish communities of the rivers of Kamchatka, the Lena River, and the Selenga River.
MEAN CLIMATIC PARAMETERS OF THE UPPER MIXED LAYER IN THE BERING SEA (LOWER BOUNDARY, TEMPERATURE, SALINITY) AND THEIR ANNUAL VARIABILITY
Authors: Luchin V. A.
Published: December 2019

All available deep-water oceanographic data obtained in the Bering Sea in 1929–2019 are analyzed (101,425 oceanographic stations). Lower boundary of the upper mixed layer is determined from the vertical temperature profiles using the criterion of temperature deflection from SST (10 % for June-October and 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5 o С for November-May). The mixed layer is rather thin in June-September, its thickness is 10–20 m over the major part of the sea, and 30–40 m at the straits between central Aleutian Islands. In DecemberMarch, the mixed layer depth increases to 120–160 m in the northern deep-water sea and up to 180–200 m at the straits between central and eastern Aleutian Islands, though it is thinner in plumes of warm waters entering from the Pacific. At the continental shelf, the mixed layer can be traced to the depth of 20–40 m in the eastern Bering Sea and 60–80 m at Kamchatka in December-January and to 60–80 m in the eastern Bering Sea and 80–100 m at Kamchatka in February-March. The mixed layer temperature distribution is distinguished by two completely different seasonal patterns. The winter distribution pattern with the highest temperature in the areas adjacent to the Aleutian Straits is typical for November-June. The summer pattern with high temperature in the Karaginsky Bay, Bristol Bay, and Norton Sound and lower temperature near the Aleutian Straits is typical for July-October. On the contrary, the salinity distribution pattern is stable, with the highest salinity at the central and eastern Aleutian Straits and lower salinity in the coastal zone as the Anadyr Bay and Norton Sound influenced by the river runoff.
FORMING OF FALSE ANNUAL RINGS ON SCALES OF JUVENILE COHO SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS KISUTCH IN THE UPPER REACHES, FLOODPLAIN OLD WATER BODIES AND LAKES IN THE MIDDLE AND LOWER REACHES OF THE KAMCHATKA RIVER
Authors: Bugaev V. F. , Bazarkin G. V.
Published: December 2019

Structure of scales is investigated for coho salmon juveniles from several sites of their feeding in the Kamchatka River basin, from Pushchino (685 km from the river mouth) to Lake Nerpichye (at the mouth). The underyearlings begin their migrations over the river basin to individual plots soon after their emerging from nests, only part of them feed and winter at the spawning grounds (between Pushchino — Milkovo). A number of coho juveniles stay for feeding and wintering in the tributaries of the Kamchatka River, some of them migrate during spring–summer floods (mid May–June) to the old water bodies in its upper and middle reaches (near Milkovo, Dolinovka, Taezhny, Dedova Yurta, Lake Kulpik) and to the floodplain and lagoon–estuary lakes (Lake Kurazhechnoye, Lake Kursin, and others), having or yet having no scales. Aboriginal coho salmon never spawn in these floodplain water bodies, but the juveniles are observed there all the year round. After wintering, seasonal growth and forming a zone of closely-spaced sclerites of scale (ZCS) — annual ring start in early May or middle May (till early June for some individuals), both for coho yearlings and older juveniles. An additional ZCS (1st type) can be formed earlier on the coho scale in some lakes because of the feeding change. Besides, another additional ZSC (2nd type) can be formed on the scale of coho yearlings (1+) in the old water bodies at Dolinovka, Taezhny, Dedova Yurta, in the lakes Kulpik, Kurazhechnoye, Kursin, and Azabachye and in the Azabachya Channel (at the Dyakonovsky Brook) in late July — August because of seasonal changes in the feeding.
Tuning the Bonding of a μ-Mesityl Ligand on Dicopper(I) through a Proton-Responsive Expanded PNNP Pincer Ligand
Authors: Kounalis Errikos , Lutz Martin , Broere Daniël
Published: December 2019

We report the synthesis and characterization of a series of cationic, neutral and anionic dicopper(I) complexes featuring a µ-mesityl ligand and a naphthyridine-derived PNNP expanded pincer ligand. Structural characterization showed that the protonation state of the dinucleating ligand has a pronounced effect on the bending and tilting of the µ-mesityl ligand. DFT calculations indicate that the varying orientations of the µ-mesityl ligand are inherent due to changes in electronic structure rather than crystal packing effects. NBO analysis reveals how the interactions that contribute to the 3-center 2-electron bond between the µ-mesityl ligand and the dicopper core change for the various degrees of observed bending and tilting.
DFT Study of Unstrained Ketone C-C Bond Activation via Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions
Authors: Xiao Dengmengfei , Zhao Lili , Andrada Diego
Published: December 2019

Unstrained cyclic ketones can participate in cooperative Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling type reaction using rhodium(I)-based catalyst via C-C bond activation. The regioselectivity indicates a trend where the most substituted side is activated and it is controlled by the beta-substituents. In this work, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations have been carried out to disclose the underlying mechanism in the reaction of a ketone series and arylboronate using ylidene as ancillary ligand and pyridine as co-catalysts. The computed energies suggest the reductive elimination step with the highest energy while the reductive elimination has the highest energy barrier. By the means of the Activation Strain Model (ASM) of chemical reactivity, it is found that the ketone strain energy released on the oxidative addition does not control the relativity of the OA reactivity, but indeed is the interaction energy between Rh(I) and C-C bond the ruling effect. The effect of the beta-substituents on regioselectivity has been additionally studied.
Konservasi Nilai Budaya Indonesia melalui Bahasa Daerah
Authors: Purwaningtyas Isti , Junining Esti
Published: December 2019

Pendidikan seni budaya, termasuk pendidikan budi pekerti, merupakan upaya paling mendasar yang harus diterapkan kepada anak-anak generasi bangsa, karena tanpa mengenal budaya Indonesia, maka pertumbuhan generasi akan kacau di masa datang. Efek dari hal ini adalah timbulnya demoralisasi atau kemerosotan moral di masyarakat. Misalnya, dalam masyarakat Jawa, kehalusan bertutur kata yang tercermin dalam stratifikasi bahasa Jawa sudah mengalami erosi berat. Anak-anak muda tidak lagi mau dan mampu berbahasa krama dengan orang tuanya dan dengan orang lain yang lebih tua sebagai wujud adanya rasa hormat. Apalagi pada era globalisasi saat ini, identitas budaya pribumi (lokal) dan budaya nasional makin musnah, tergerus oleh budaya global atau kultural dunia barat. Kecintaan budaya lokal dan nasional sangat penting demi kemajuan bangsa. Akar dan keberagaman budaya lokal dan nasional tersebut akan mampu mengikis masuknya budaya global yang negatif. Tidak hanya itu, perspektif budaya lokal akan mampu menyatukan komponen bangsa menuju keberhasilan pembangunan. Perangkat dan pengaruh globalisasi terhadap budaya dan seni masyarakat akan memudarkan aktivitas seni dan budaya lokal. Seni budaya lokal dan nasional yang sangat positif sangat perlu diterapkan menjadi materi pendidikan dalam proses belajar mengajar di sekolah. Oleh karena itu, upaya peningkatan dalam menanamkan kecintaan terhadap budaya daerah dan nasional diterapkan di sekolah dengan berbagai kompetisi, kreativitas lomba budaya daerah terutama melalui lembaga-lembaga pendidikan formal dan non formal. Agar  pemilik dan penutur asli bahasa daerah sadar tentang begitu besar dan pentingnya fungsi bahasa daerah, perlu diupayakan peningkatan mutu pemakaian bahasa daerah, mencakup upaya meningkatkan sikap, pengetahuan, dan ketrampilan berbahasa daerah melalui jalur formal—pendidikan dan pengajaran di sekolah dan jalur informal--dengan memfungsikan bahasa daerah dalam kehidupan masyarakat sehari-hari.
Penyerapan Kosakata Bahasa Daerah ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia pada Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Edisi Keempat
Authors: Budiwiyanto Adi
Published: December 2019

Multicultural and multilingual situation in Indonesia lead to language contact that allows borrowing among the languages. The borrowing of local languages, especially the cultural vocabulary, needs to be encouraged in Indonesia language development since the local languages are ‘seedlings’ for the Indonesian vocabulary. Moreover, the rapid growth of science and technology needs to be balanced with the growth of words or terms. This paper discusses the contribution of the local languages in Indonesia to Indonesian vocabulary, especially in the Indonesian Comprehensive Dictionary, the Fourth Edition. Besides, the domain of the words borrowed and the changes occurred, either the form or the meaning, are discussed as well.
Bilingualisme dalam Perspektif Pengembangan Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Izzak Arif
Published: December 2019

Indonesia sebagai sebuah bangsa memiliki keragaman budaya dan bahasa yang sangat tinggi. Tingkat kemajemukan yang sangat tinggi ini tercermin dalam jumlah bahasa daerah yang dimiliki dan keragaman budaya adat istiadat suku bangsa yang mendiaminya. Indonesia memiliki lebih dari 700 bahasa daerah yang mewakili setiap kelompok etnis. Jumlah Bahasa daerah terbanyak terdapat di Papua, lebih dari  200 bahasa daerah hidup di tanah Papua. Di samping kekayaan bahasa daerah, masyarakat Indonesia juga memiliki bahasa Indonesia yang berfungsi sebagai bahasa persatuan yang dideklarasikan oleh seluruh komponen bangsa yang diwakili oleh kaum muda dari berbagai daerah pada tanggal 28 Oktober 1928 yang dikenal dengan peristiwa Sumpah Pemuda. Keputusan bahwa bahasa Indonesia merupakan satu-satunya bahasa nasional Indonesia sudah final bagi bangsa Indonesia.Dalam konteks keragaman bahasa, masyarakat Indonesia paling tidak menguasai dua bahasa yaitu bahasa daerah sebagai identitas asal daerahnya dan bahasa Indonesia sebagai identitas nasional. Bahasa pertama yang mereka peroleh saat mereka masih kanak-kanak dan bahasa Indonesia yang mereka kuasai sejak dini menyebabkan masyarakat Indonesia secara umum termasuk masyarakat yang bilingual. Kondisi masyarakat bahasa yang demikian pada akhirnya menjadi tantangan tersendiri terutama bagi pengembangan bahasa Indonesia. Kebijakan politik bahasa nasional yang telah menempatkan bahasa daerah, bahasa Indonesia, dan bahasa asing pada fungsi, peran, dan kedudukan masing-masing pada praktiknya menjadi tidak mudah karena dinamika masyarakat bahasa yang bilingual.Pengembangan bahasa Indonesia masih banyak menemui hambatan baik yang datang dari dalam bahasa itu sendiri maupun dari luar bahasa. Hambatan dari dalam bisa berupa sikap bahasa yang kurang positif yang ditunjukkan oleh para penuturnya dan hambatan dari luar bisa berupa pengaruh dari bahasa-bahasa lain yang dianggap memunyai status dan kedudukan lebih tinggi dan lebih penting.
Gegar Wacana dalam Komunikasi Lintas Bahasa Daerah
Authors: Solihah Atikah
Published: December 2019

Kemajuan dalam bidang teknologi komunikasi dan transportasi memberikan peluang dan ruang yang lebih besar bagi masyarakat pengguna bahasa daerah yang berbeda di Indonesia untuk saling berinteraksi. Sekalipun keberadaan bahasa Indonesia diakui secara sadar sebagai bahasa persatuan, dalam komunikasi antara pengguna bahasa daerah yang berbeda masih sering muncul ungkapan-ungkapan khas daerah masing-masing. Kemunculannya sering dilakukan secara alami dan spontan sebagai perwujudan dari skemata pengetahuannya yang masih banyak dipengaruhi oleh referensi bahasa daerah. Hal itu sering menimbulkan peristiwa yang aneh dan lucu bagi pendengar yang memahami konteks sebenarnya. Akan tetapi, bagi pelaku yang sedang berkomunikasi, hal itu tidak jarang menimbulkan gegar wacana, yaitu kegagalan membentuk wacana karena pemahaman konteks wacana dan referensi ungkapan yang berbeda dari mitra tutur. Akibatnya, reaksi yang muncul pun berbeda dari yang diharapkan mitra tuturnya. Reaksi itu sering menimbulkan kebingungan atau kemarahan bagi mitra tuturnya.Gegar wacana merupakan peristiwa bahasa yang sangat berkaitan dengan sosial budaya di masyarakat multietnis. Banyak faktor yang memengaruhi munculnya gegar wacana, di antaranya penguasaan yang kurang seimbang antara bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa daerah. Gegar wacana dapat berawal dari peristiwa bahasa alih kode, campur kode, atau inferensi yang dilakukan seseorang tanpa kesepakatan dan kesadaran dari mitra tuturnya.Kemunculan peristiwa bahasa berupa gegar wacana dalam masyarakat multietnis dan multibahasa yang memiliki bahasa daerah sebanyak 742 buah seperti di Indonesia (SIL, 2006) peluangnya sangat besar. Bagaimana latar belakang, proses, keunikan, dan pengaruh gegar wacana dalam kehidupan masyarakat dan dalam dunia pendidikan sangat menarik untuk dibahas lebih lanjut.
Nilai Budaya dalam Cerita Rakyat Toraja
Authors: Ratnawati NFN
Published: December 2019

Toraja adalah salah satu suku yang mendiami wilayah pegunungan di Sulawesi Selatan. Penduduknya yang berjumlah sekitar 450.000 jiwa masih tinggal di Kabupaten Toraja Induk dan Kabupaten Toraja Utara. Umumnya, penduduk ini menganut agama Kristen, sebagian lagi memeluk agama Islam, serta sebagiannya lagi masih ada yang menganut kepercayaan animisme yang dikenal dengan Aluk To Dolo. Kepercayaan Aluk To Dolo inilah yang mendasari pelaksanaan berbagai upacara yang memerlukan persembahan hewan kurban dalam jumlah nominal tinggi dalam kehidupan masyarakat Toraja.Tulisan ini memaparkan nilai budaya dalam Cerita Rakyat Toraja. Nilai budaya yang menonjol dalam Cerita Rakyat Toraja sebagian besar dipengaruhi oleh kepercayaan Auk To Dolo yang mencakupi hubungan manusia dengan Sang Pencipta, hubungan manusia dengan alam, hubungan manusia dengan sesama manusia, dan hubungan manusia dengan dirinya sendiri.Tulisan ini bertujuan menambah wawasan tentang kebudayaan Toraja yang selanjutnya dapat meningkatkan pemahaman terhadap salah satu kebudayaan yang ada dan berkembang di Sulawesi Selatan.
Sastra Suluk Jawa Pesisiran: Membaca Lokalitas dalam Keindonesiaan
Authors: Machsum Toha
Published: December 2019

Sastra Suluk sebagai salah satu jenis karya sastra Jawa pesisiran mengandung ajaran kerohanian tasawuf atau bernuansa tasawuf yang berupa petunjuk tentang keyakinan, sikap, tata cara yang dilakukan seseorang untuk mengenal hidup kesejatian di hadapan Sang Maha Pencipta atau untuk mencapai posisi sedekat-dekatnya dengan Tuhan. Secara umum studi sastra suluk diarahkan untuk mengangkat salah satu warna kebudayaan kerohanian bangsa. Pengangkatan nilai-nilai budaya lama lewat studi karya sastra suluk akan memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat dalam rangka memepertahankan jati diri ketimuran. Dikatakan demikian, karena pada saat ini peradaban global yang sudah tidak lagi kenal batas-batas ruang waktu, tidak hanya menyajikan unsur-unsur positif bagi pemikiran dan kemajuan umat, tetapi juga menawarkan filsafat materialisme dan skularisme yang sangat membahayakan bagi kehidupan ketimuran yang menjunjung nilai-nilai agama dan filsafat ketuhanan. Globalisasi dalam hal ini tidak menawarkan kebudayaan, tetapi menawarkan sebuah peradaban. Lebih lanjut, pemahaman dan pengenalan terhadap nilai-nilai budaya masa lampau yang terdapat dalam naskah suluk bukan saja merupakan modal utama bagi pembangunan nasional yang diamanatkan oleh GBHN, melainkan juga memberikan informasi mengenai berbagai aspek kehidupan masyarakat masa lampau, seperti sosial, politik, ekonomi, dan budaya.Corak keberagaman Islam tersebut lebih jauh akan memberikan inspirasi dan sekaligus menggerakkan kehidupan kebangsaan Indonesia. Dengan kata lain corak keberagamaan Islam tersebut mewarnai konsep berpikir masyarakat Indonesia.
Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa Daerah dalam Memantapkan Kedudukan dan Fungsi Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Asrif NFN
Published: December 2019

Bahasa daerah sebagai salah satu kekayaan bangsa memiliki fungsi sebagai alat komunikasi bagi masyarakat pendukungnya. Selain sebagai alat komunikasi intraetnik, bahasa daerah juga berfungsi sebagai pendukung bahasa nasional, yakni bahasa Indonesia. Atas dasar fungsi ini seharusnya bahasa daerah terus dibina dan dikembangkan dalam rangka memperkukuh ketahanan budaya bangsa. Bahasa daerah sebaiknya tidak lagi diperlakukan sebagai salah satu kebudayaan yang fungsinya dapat diganti oleh fungsi bahasa lain. Pasal 36 UUD 1945 menyebutkan, antara lain, bahwa bahasa daerah yang dipelihara dengan baik oleh para penuturnya akan dihormati dan dipelihara oleh negara karena bahasa-bahasa daerah tersebut merupakan sebagian dari kebudayaan Indonesia yang hidup. Kebijakan Bahasa Nasional merumuskan bahwa dalam hubungannya dengan perkembangan kehidupan kenegaraan di Indonesia ke arah pemerintahan otonomi daerah serta pentingnya pembinaan dan pelestarian budaya daerah, bahasa daerah perlu diberi kesempatan yang seluas-luasnya memainkan peranan yang lebih besar. Pemantapan keberadaan dan kesinambungan bahasa daerah bertujuan melindungi bahasa daerah yang merupakan salah satu kekayaan bangsa. Bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa yang dinamis dapat memanfaatkan kosakata bahasa daerah sebagai pemerkaya kosakata bahasa Indonesia. Sikap ini tidak hanya memantapkan kebudayaan daerah, tetapi juga memantapkan kebudayaan nasional.
Bukti-Bukti Leksikal Pembeda Bahasa Wanokaka dan Anakalang di Sumba NTT
Authors: Budasi I Gede
Published: December 2019

Wanokaka (Wn) and Anakalang (An) languages are two  of the seven languages spoken in Sumba,  East Nusa Tenggara.  Their speakers  live in Central Sumba Regency in East Nusa Tenggara  Province.  Some linguists have considered the two are dialects of Sumba language.  In Budasi’s study (2007 2009), however, both of them were quantitatively proved  as two diffrent languages spoken in the regency. Based on the lexicostatistics analysis and Swadesh’s classification of language, the  relatedness of the two languages was  75,5 %  which means that they belong to language family (They are not in dialects relationship). Both languages were hyphotesized originally from   Proto Wn-An in Sumba Language Group. Based on this hyphothesis, this paper aims at describing qualitatively the the lexical evidences which differ the two  languages. In this  study, the the compartive method was applied. The population of the study were the speakers of the two languages. Three informant samples were selected based on a set of criteria. The instruments of the data gathering were three word lists: Swadesh, Nothofer, and  Holle; and a tape recorder.  Two types of data: secondary and primary,  were collected.  The obtained data  were analysed descriptively and qualitattively. This study concludes that 24.5 %  of the total lexicons identified from the three word lists are  in different forms that differed the two laguages lexically. Thereare two types of findings. The first findings are a number of lexicons which show the forms  of lexical innovation, that is, the forms of cognat sets which show minimum differences in the their phonological patterns; and. The second, is that,  the existance of lexical retentions generated from the Proto Wn-An.  The whole identified evidences  confirmed  the quantitatif data findings mentioned in Budasi’s study (2007 and 2009), that is, the Wn-An are two different languages generated directly from the Proto Wn-An within Sumba language Group.
Refleksi Pola Pikir dan Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Sasak dalam Ranah Pertanian: Sebuah Investigasi atas Fakta Linguistik
Authors: Saharudin NFN
Published: December 2019

Adanya gempuran dahsyat dan pengaruh-baik disadari ataupun tidak- dari proses westernisasi dan globalisasi terutama terhadap pandangan hidup masyarakat kita telah menumbuhkan kekhawatiran. Yakni munculnya rasa khawatir akan lenyapnya jati diri bangsa Indonesia dalam arus westernisasi dan globalisasi. Arus tersebut kini telah membawa kesadaran sebagian dari kita untuk melihat kembali dan menggali dasar-dasar pandangan hidup (kepercayaan, perasaan, dan segala hal terdapat dalam pikiran orang/masyarakat yang berfungsi sebagai motor atau stimulan bagi keberlangsungan dan perubahan moral maupun sosial) yang terpendam dalam berbagai bentuk budaya lokal leluhur kita. Memang tidak bisa disangkal lagi bahwa dalam dasawarsa terakhir ini kesadaran orang untuk menggali kembali kearifan lokal (local wisdom) yang ada pada kelompok masyarakat atau suku tertentu lebih intens. Hal ini terjadi karena ilmu pengetahuan modern ternyata tidak selalu membawa hal yang positif dalam kehidupan. Ilmu pengetahuan pertanian modern yang menghasilkan revolusi hijau, misalnya, menimbulkan sejumlah dampak negatif seperti pemakaian  pupuk kimia yang dapat merusak kesuburan tanah dan pemakaian insektisida dan pestisida yang dapat mengganggu keseimbangan alam. Oleh karena itu, orang pun mulai menoleh kembali ke pengetahuan lokal (etnosains) untuk mengetahui bagaimana masyarakat dahulu bertani. Informasi mengenai pengetahuan  lokal itu dapat diperoleh dengan berbagai cara, salah satunya ialah dengan meneliti bahasa yang mereka pakai dalam ranah itu. Dalam bahasa terdapat sejumlah leksikon dan bentuk ekpresi lainnya yang dapat memberi petunjuk berharga mengenai bagaimana masyarakat penuturnya memikirkan dunia ini (pola pikir).
“Bue-Bue” : Representasi Kehidupan Masyarakat Bajo di Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Uniawati NFN
Published: December 2019

Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan makna yang terkandung dalam lirik “bue-bue”. Makna lirik bue-bue dalam masyarakat Bajo akan diungkapkan melalui proses kajian hermeneutik Ricoeur. Proses itu dapat mengupas secara saksama perihal kehidupan sosial budaya masyarakat tersebut sebagai komunitas pelaut yang hingga kini masih akrab dengan kemisteriusannya. Isi yang terdapat dalam lirik “bue-bue” menyiratkan makna yang dapat merepresentasikan konstruksi realitas dan identitas dalam kehidupan masyarakat suku Bajo, khususnya di Sulawesi Tenggara. Pada intinya, “bue-bue” dalam kehidupan masyarakat Bajo dipandang sebagai sebuah medium untuk mempertahankan kearifan lokal yang terdapat dalam lingkungan masyarakat pelaut tersebut. Menyangkut “bue-bue”, ada satu hal pokok yang mesti dipahami yaitu mengenai keberadaan jenis sastra lisan ini di tengah masyarakat penuturnya. Keberadaan “bue-bue” dalam kenyataan kian hari kian terancam akan ditinggalkan oleh masyarakat pendukungnya. Kurangnya kepedulian masyarakat setempat terhadap kelestarian suatu tradisi lisan menjadi faktor utama terhadap ancaman tersebut. Bajo sebagai masyarakat pelaut yang memiliki kecenderungan terpinggirkan oleh masyarakat yang lain dapat menjadi salah satu pemicu yang mempercepat hilangnya tradisi lisan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, kekhawatiran akan musnahnya penanda identitas budaya masyarakat Bajo sebagai salah satu bentuk “local genius” patut untuk segera diatasi.
Antropologi Sastra: Mata Rantai Terakhir Analisis Ekstrinsik
Authors: Ratna I Nyoman Kutha
Published: December 2019

Dalam bidang sastra, dikenal dua model analisis ekstrinsik, yaitu psikologi sastra dan sosiologi sastra. Dengan adanya kekayaan sekaligus keragaman aspek-aspek kebudayaan dalam kehidupan manusia, maka kedua jenis interdisiplin dianggap belum cukup. Antropologi sastra dianggap sebagai model interdisiplin yang dapat mengantisipasi kekuranagn tersebut. Antropologi sastra jelas melibatkan dua bidang ilmu yaitu antropologi dan sastra. Keduanya  pada dasarnya memiliki persamaan, sama-sama memanfaatkan cerita dalam bentuk pengalaman sehari-hari. Etnografi dengan novel, baik dalam proses pengumpulan data maupun proses penulisannya, menunjukkan ciri-ciri yang relatif sama. Dalam teori kontemporer kedua penulisan makin sulit dibedakan, karya sastra yang cenderung ilmiah, etnografi yang cenderung literer. Untuk mengantisipasi perkembangan antropologi sastra ke depan, maka salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan adalah memasukkannya ke dalam kurikulum.
Bahasa Nasional dan Bahasa Lokal di Televisi Bagi Pembangunan Bangsa
Authors: Trijanto Endang K.
Published: December 2019

Tulisan ini menyajikan upaya televisi nasional dan televisi lokal dalam menggunakan bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa lokal terkait dengan pembangunan bangsa. Bahasa yang dipergunakan di dalam tayangan televisi nasional atau TVRI pada umumnya adalah bahasa Indonesia, dan fokus amatan adalah  tayangan budaya dalam dua bahasa, baik bahasa Indonesia maupun bahasa lokal atau bahasa daerah. Pada siaran televisi lokal, bahasa yang terutama digunakan adalah juga bahasa Indonesia, tetapi pada jam-jam tayang tertentu digunakanlah bahasa daerah. Penggunaan dua bahasa ini di televisi dimaksudkan agar bahasa Indonesia dapat membangun dan meningkatkan cara berpikir bangsa Indonesia pada era global ini, serta untuk menjaga bahasa daerah dari ancaman kepunahan.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS PARAGRAF PERSUASIF MELALUI POLA LATIHAN BERJENJANG
Authors: Abdullah NFN
Published: December 2019

Keterampilan menulis merupakan aktivitas pembelajaran yang dianggap sulit oleh siswa.  Permasalahan ini tampak pada hasil tulisan siswa yang tidak sepenuhnya mencerminkan ide atau gagasan yang dipikirkan.  Apa yang ditulis sering tidak menunjukkan apa yang diinginkan.  Hal ini membuktikan bahwa siswa yang bersangkutan belum menulis secara efektif.  Ketidakefektifan tulisan tersebut disebabkan oleh tidak jelasnya penggunaan tanda baca, ejaan, pilihan kata, dan struktur kalimat yang masih rancu. Permasalahan tersebut ditambah lagi dengan belum dipahaminya struktur tulisan persuasif yang harus dibuat.  Salah satu solusi yang diterapkan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan pola latihan berjenjang.  Pola latihan berjenjang melatih siswa menulis secara bertahap, mulai dari tataran ejaan sampai wacana, mulai dari yang sederhana menuju yang lebih kompleks. Penerapan pola ini menunjukkan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada setiap siklus. Hasil belajar pada siklus I mencapai 61,76%. Pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 88,24% dan pada siklus III meningkat lagi menjadi 91,18%.  Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pola latihan berjenjang mampu meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam menulis paragraf persuasif.