bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revolutionizing urban mapping: deep learning and data fusion strategies for accurate building footprint segmentation
Authors: Dabove P. , Daud M. , Olivotto L.
Published: June 2024

In the dynamic urban landscape, understanding the distribution of buildings is paramount. Extracting and delineating building footprints from high-resolution images, captured by aerial platforms or satellites, is essential but challenging to accomplish manually, due to the abundance of high-resolution data. Automation becomes imperative, yet it introduces complexities related to handling diverse data sources and the computational demands of advanced algorithms. The innovative solution proposed in this paper addresses some intricate challenges occurring when integrating deep learning and data fusion on Earth Observed imagery. By merging RGB orthophotos with Digital Surface Models, deriving from the same aerial high-resolution surveys, an integrated consistent four-band dataset is generated. This unified approach, focused on the extraction of height information through stereoscopy utilizing a singular source, facilitates enhanced pixel-to-pixel data fusion. Employing DeepLabv3 algorithms, a state-of-the-art semantic segmentation network for multi-scale context, pixel-based segmentation on the integrated dataset was performed, excelling in capturing intricate details, particularly when enhanced by the additional height information deriving from the Digital Surface Models acquired over urban landscapes. Evaluation over a 21 km2 area in Turin, Italy, featuring diverse building frameworks, showcases how the proposed approach leads towards superior accuracy levels and building boundary refinement. Notably, the methodology discussed in the present article, significantly reduces training time compared to conventional approaches like U-Net, overcoming inherent challenges in high-resolution data automation. By establishing the effectiveness of leveraging DeepLabv3 algorithms on an integrated dataset for precise building footprint segmentation, the present contribution holds promise for applications in 3D modelling, Change detection and urban planning. An approach favouring the application of deep learning strategies on integrated high-resolution datasets can then guide decision-making processes facilitating urban management tasks.
Enhancing performance in the presence of outliers with redescending M-estimators
Authors: Raza Aamir , Talib Mashal , Noor-ul-Amin Muhammad , Gunaime Nevine , Boukhris Imed , Nabi Muhammad
Published: June 2024

In real-life situations, we have to analyze the data that contains the atypical observations, and the presence of outliers has adverse effects on the performance of ordinary least square estimates. In this situation, redescedning M-estimators, proposed by Huber (1964), are used to tackle the effects of outliers to increase the efficiency of least square estimates. In this study, we introduce a redescending M-estimator designed to generate robust estimates by mitigating the influence of outlier observations, even when the tuning constant is set to low values. This innovative estimator exhibits enhanced linearity at its core and maintains continuity throughout its range. Our proposed estimator stands out for its novelty, simplicity, differentiability, and practical applicability across real-world scenarios. The results of the proposed redescedning M-estimators are compared with existing robust estimators using an extensive simulation study. Two examples based on real-life data are also added to validate the performance of the suggested function. The formulated redescedning M-estimator produced efficient results as compared to all the considered redescedning M-estimators.
Optimal production and purification of n.c.a.143Pr as a promising palliative agent for the treatment of metastatic bone pain
Authors: Shirvani-Arani Simindokht , Ranjbar Hassan , Bahrami-Samani Ali
Published: June 2024

This study proposes the beta-emitting radioisotope 143Pr as a promising candidate for palliative treatment of metastatic bone pain due to its desirable physical decay characteristics. An optimized process was developed for the production and purification of non-carrier-added 143Pr using a medium flux research reactor. Calculations were performed to determine the optimal irradiation time and cooling period for irradiating 1 mg of natural cerium oxide to indirectly produce 143Pr through the decay of 143Ce. Following irradiation and cooling, extraction chromatography was employed to efficiently isolate 143Pr from the irradiated target material. A column containing Ln-resin was used along with nitric acid as the mobile phase and an optional oxidation step with NaBrO3/ascorbic acid to separate 143Pr from impurities such as 143Ce and 141Ce. Radionuclidic purity of over 99.995% was achieved as confirmed through gamma spectroscopy, demonstrating effective separation of 143Pr. Additional quality control analyses established the chemical and radiochemical purity of the purified 143Pr nitrate product. With a half-life of 13.6 days and maximum beta energy of 0.937 MeV, 143Pr exhibits favorable properties for palliative bone pain therapy. This study therefore provides a viable method for producing high-purity 143Pr through the optimized irradiation and purification processes described. Further investigation is warranted to explore potential clinical applications of 143Pr for palliation of metastatic bone cancer pain.
Downregulation of enhancer RNA AC003092.1 is associated with poor prognosis in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Li JunJie , Gan JingZheng , Chen Chen , Yuan Yuan , Xiong Xi , Li Lili , Luo Pengcheng , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2024

Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most common histological type of renal cancer, enhancer RNA plays a significant role in tumor growth, however, it has been less studied in renal cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of eRNA AC003092.1 in KIRC. Clinical and RNA expression data were downloaded from a TCGA database, and performed bioinformatics analysis, including expression level analysis, survival analysis, clinical correlation analysis, immune correlation analysis. We further confirmed the expression level of AC003092.1 between normal and tumor cell, predicted the biological role of AC003092.1 in KIRC, and performed cell proliferation and wound healing assays, followed by GSEA enrichment analysis and western blot to detect the proteins of the enriched pathway. Bioinformatics results showed that AC003092.1 expression was elevated in tumor tissues, and knockdown of AC003092.1 expression inhibited cell proliferation and migration. GSEA and western blot results showed that knockdown AC003092.1 expression alleviated the extracellular matrix (ECM) process in KIRC cell lines. Our study provides evidence that AC003092.1 play an important role in KIRC, and AC003092.1 may promote tumor cell progression by affecting the ECM process during tumor development.
Effects of disc overhang diameter on the uplift bearing capacity of new-type concrete expanded-plate pile groups
Authors: Qian Yongmei , Che Mingyue , Teng Da , Lin Chao , Liu Zunpeng , Zhang Kai
Published: June 2024

The disc overhang diameter can significantly affect the uplift bearing capacity of new concrete expanded-plate pile groups, affecting their design and practical applications. Accordingly, this effect was investigated considering the failure laws of the soil surrounding various pile types and groups. Based on the uplift bearing capacities of single and double piles, a finite element simulation was adopted to establish models for the four-, six-, and nine-pile groups. The relationship between the disc overhang diameter and uplift-bearing capacity of each pile group was explored: as the disk overhang diameter increased, the uplift-bearing capacities of the pile groups increased; however, this relationship is nonlinear. The optimal disc overhang diameter was determined as 1.5–1.75 times the pile diameter. For a constant disc overhang diameter, corner piles have a greater uplift bearing capacity than side piles in the six-pile group, and a greater uplift bearing capacity than the side and center piles in the nine-pile group. Thus, the pile-group effect depends on the pile position. The uplift bearing capacity did not increase linearly with the number of piles, and the average uplift bearing capacity of a pile in a pile group was less than that of a single pile. Therefore, the uplift bearing capacity of the pile groups decreased as the number of piles increased. The reliability of the simulation was verified via visual testing of a small-scale half-cut pile model.
Support mechanical response analysis and surrounding rock pressure calculation method for a shallow buried super large section tunnel in weak surrounding rock
Authors: Lai Haixiang , Wang Xiuying , Tan Zhongsheng , Zhao Jinpeng , Liu Xiabing
Published: June 2024

At present, China's demand for high-speed railway construction is constantly increasing, and the construction of Multi line high-speed railway tunnels has been put on the agenda. The design and construction issues of super-large-sections tunnels urgently need to be addressed. The Xiabei mountain No. 1 and No. 2 tunnels in the Hangzhou-Taizhou Railway are typical shallow-buried super-large-section-tunnels in weak surrounding rock, and their design and construction issues are representative. Eleven monitoring sections were set up in the tunnel, including tunnel deformation, surrounding rock, shotcrete, steel frames, bolts and temporary support mechanical responses. Taking the monitoring data of the most typical cross-section as an example, the mechanical response of the support structure of a shallow-buried super-large-section tunnel was analyzed in detail. Based on previous research results, this paper discusses and summarizes the common construction problems of this type of tunnel, and puts forward corresponding suggestions. The existing formula for calculating surrounding rock pressure has poor applicability to super-large-section tunnels constructed by step excavation, resulting in conservative support parameters. Therefore, based on the monitoring values of surrounding rock pressure at 10 monitoring sections in Xiabei mountain No. 1 and No. 2 tunnels, empirical parameters reflecting the impact of step excavation were summarized. Based on the Wang formula and combined with the step excavation empirical parameters, an empirical formula for the surrounding rock pressure of shallow-buried super-large-section tunnels considering step excavation was constructed. The calculated results are in good agreement with the on-site monitoring data. This study can provide a good reference for similar projects.
Polyester degradation by soil bacteria: identification of conserved BHETase enzymes in Streptomyces
Authors: Verschoor Jo-Anne , Croese Martijn R. J. , Lakemeier Sven E. , Mugge Annemiek , Burgers Charlotte M. C. , Innocenti Paolo , Willemse Joost , Crooijmans Marjolein E. , van Wezel Gilles P. , Ram Arthur F. J. , de Winde Johannes H.
Published: June 2024

The rising use of plastic results in an appalling amount of waste which is scattered into the environment. One of these plastics is PET which is mainly used for bottles. We have identified and characterized an esterase from Streptomyces, annotated as LipA, which can efficiently degrade the PET-derived oligomer BHET. The Streptomyces coelicolorScLipA enzyme exhibits varying sequence similarity to several BHETase/PETase enzymes, including IsPETase, TfCut2, LCC, PET40 and PET46. Of 96 Streptomyces strains, 18% were able to degrade BHET via one of three variants of LipA, named ScLipA, S2LipA and S92LipA. SclipA was deleted from S. coelicolor resulting in reduced BHET degradation. Overexpression of all LipA variants significantly enhanced BHET degradation. All variants were expressed in E. coli for purification and biochemical analysis. The optimum conditions were determined as pH 7 and 25 °C for all variants. The activity on BHET and amorphous PET film was investigated. S2LipA efficiently degraded BHET and caused roughening and indents on the surface of PET films, comparable to the activity of previously described TfCut2 under the same conditions. The abundance of the S2LipA variant in Streptomyces suggests an environmental advantage towards the degradation of more polar substrates including these polluting plastics.
Globular pattern formation of hierarchical ceria nanoarchitectures
Authors: Aoyagi Noboru , Motokawa Ryuhei , Okumura Masahiko , Ueda Yuki , Saito Takumi , Nishitsuji Shotaro , Taguchi Tomitsugu , Yomogida Takumi , Sazaki Gen , Ikeda-Ohno Atsushi
Published: June 2024

Dissipative structures often appear as an unstable counterpart of ordered structures owing to fluctuations that do not form a homogeneous phase. Even a multiphase mixture may simultaneously undergo one chemical reaction near equilibrium and another one that is far from equilibrium. Here, we observed in real time crystal seed formation and simultaneous nanocrystal aggregation proceeding from CeIV complexes to CeO2 nanoparticles in an acidic aqueous solution, and investigated the resultant hierarchical nanoarchitecture. The formed particles exhibited two very different size ranges, resulting in further pattern formation with opalescence. The hierarchically assembled structures in solutions were CeO2 colloids, viz. primary core clusters (1–3 nm) of crystalline ceria and secondary clusters (20–30 nm) assembled through surface ions. Such self-assembly is widespread in multi-component complex fluids, paradoxically moderating hierarchical reactions. Stability and instability are not only critical but also complementary for co-optimisation around the nearby free energy landscape prior to bifurcation.
Carbenoid-involved reactions integrated with scaffold-based screening generates a Nav1.7 inhibitor
Authors: Shu Jirong , Wang Yuwei , Guo Weijie , Liu Tao , Cai Song , Shi Taoda , Hu Wenhao
Published: June 2024

The discovery of selective Nav1.7 inhibitors is a promising approach for developing anti-nociceptive drugs. In this study, we present a novel oxindole-based readily accessible library (OREAL), which is characterized by readily accessibility, unique chemical space, ideal drug-like properties, and structural diversity. We used a scaffold-based approach to screen the OREAL and discovered compound C4 as a potent Nav1.7 inhibitor. The bioactivity characterization of C4 reveals that it is a selective Nav1.7 inhibitor and effectively reverses Paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain (PINP) in rodent models. Preliminary toxicology study shows C4 is negative to hERG. The consistent results of molecular docking and molecular simulations further support the reasonability of the in-silico screening and show the insight of the binding mode of C4. Our discovery of C4 paves the way for pushing the Nav1.7-based anti-nociceptive drugs forward to the clinic.
Geodiversity of a European river network controls algal biodiversity and function
Authors: Fuß Thomas , Thuile Bistarelli Lukas , Walther Franziska , Vitecek Simon , Talluto Lauren , Singer Gabriel
Published: June 2024

Biodiversity and functioning often follow spatial gradients, yet with unclear causal linkage. In spatially complex rivers, regional-scale factors associated with hydrological connections and catchment properties control downstream transport of material and dispersal of organisms, both being crucial for ecosystem functioning. In a single snapshot study, we here show how a river’s network structure interacts with its terrestrial matrix to control key environmental conditions and periphyton community composition at the local habitat scale, which in turn drive primary production. We found the high geodiversity of the Vjosa River network to promote high periphyton beta-biodiversity through regional (dispersal) and local (species sorting) processes. Community turnover driven by species sorting rather than purely by dispersal was identified as relevant for production rates, suggesting a match between environment and community composition to be conditional for functioning. Hence, anthropogenic perturbation of regional mechanisms by river modification may affect ecosystem functions through interfering with metacommunity structure.
Type I interferon exacerbates Mycobacterium tuberculosis induced human macrophage death
Authors: Lee Angela M , Nathan Carl F
Published: June 2024

Type I interferons (IFN-I) are implicated in exacerbation of tuberculosis (TB), but the mechanisms are unclear. Mouse macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) produce IFN-I, which contributes to their death. Here we investigate whether the same is true for human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). MDM prepared by a conventional method markedly upregulate interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) upon Mtb infection, while MDM prepared to better restrict Mtb do so much less. A mixture of antibodies inhibiting IFN-I signaling prevents ISG induction. Surprisingly, secreted IFN-I are undetectable until nearly two days after ISG induction. These same antibodies do not diminish Mtb-infected MDM death. MDM induce ISGs in response to picogram/mL levels of exogenous IFN-I while depleting similar quantities from the medium. Exogenous IFN-I increase the proportion of dead MDM. We speculate that Mtb-infected MDM produce and respond to minute levels of IFN-I, and that only some of the resultant signaling is susceptible to neutralizing antibodies. Many types of cells may secrete IFN-I in patients with TB, where IFN-I is likely to promote the death of infected macrophages.
Analysis of the lipidomic profile of vegetable oils and animal fats and changes during aging by UPLC-Q-exactive orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Pingyang , Liu Zhanfang , Zhu Jun , Zhou Hong , Zhang Guannan , Sun Zhenwen , Yajun Li  , Zhou Zheng , Liu Yao
Published: June 2024

Vegetable oil and animal fat residues are common evidence in the cases of homicide, arson, theft, and other crimes.
Extrusion-based 3D printing of soft active materials
Authors: Zhao Jiayu , Li Xiao , Ji Donghwan , Bae Jinhye
Published: June 2024

This feature article summarizes recent advances in extrusion-based 3D printing of active materials in both non-living and living systems.
Two chiral lanthanide PrIII and HoIII complexes: NIR luminescence and nonlinear optical properties
Authors: Peng Yanhong , Wang Taoyu , Gao Congli , Li Fengcai , Li Xi-Li
Published: June 2024

The first examples of NIR-emissive lanthanide complexes displaying simultaneous SHG and THG responses were discovered.
Homochiral hybrid hexagonal antiperovskite crystals [R- and S-3-chloroquinuclidinium]3(CdCl3)(CdCl4)
Authors: Xu Zhe-Kun , Zhang Jia-Mei , Wang Zhong-Xia
Published: June 2024

The first enantiomeric hybrid hexagonal antiperovskite crystals [R- and S-3-chloroquinuclidinium]3(CdCl3)(CdCl4) have been synthesized by the introduction of homochirality.
A systematic investigation of chromium and vanadium impurities in a Janus Ga2SO monolayer towards spintronic applications
Authors: Nguyen Duy Khanh , Tien Nguyen Thanh , Guerrero-Sanchez J. , Hoat D. M.
Published: June 2024

Antiparallel spin alignment in a Ga2SO monolayer doped with (a) a pair of Cr atoms, (b) a pair of V atoms, and (c) and (d) co-doped with Cr and V atoms.
Impact of brain organoid-derived sEVs on metastatic adaptation and invasion of breast carcinoma cells through a microphysiological system
Authors: Nazari Hojjatollah , Cho Ann-Na , Goss Dale , Thiery Jean Paul , Ebrahimi Warkiani Majid
Published: June 2024

Illustrating the hypothesis on the impact of brain sEVs on education and adaptation of breast carcinoma cells outside and then inside the brain microenvironment. Figure created with https://Biorender.com.
Low-cost one-pot synthesis of hydrophobic and hydrophilic monodispersed iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Reja Sohel , Kumar Manoj , Vasudevan Sukumaran
Published: June 2024

A one-pot synthesis of monodispersed iron oxide nanoparticles starting with iron nitrate and control of morphology, dimension and dispersibility.
Probing the origins of activation barriers in nitrous oxide capture reactions by analyzing Lewis acid–base pairs with dimethylxanthene-linked group-13 (P) and group-15 (B) elements
Authors: Zhang Zheng-Feng , Su Ming-Der
Published: June 2024

The catching reaction with N2O can be kinetically and thermodynamically facilitated exclusively by the B/P-based FLP within the intramolecular dimethylxanthene-linked group-13/P and B/group-15 based FLP-type molecules.
Visible-light-induced copper-catalyzed oxidative esterification of α-azidoketones with diazoacetates: access to α-acyloxyacetates
Authors: Newar Uma Devi , Boruah Dhruba Jyoti , Bhuyan Arnav , Nayak Abhimanyu , Maurya Ram Awatar
Published: June 2024

An efficient synthesis of α-acyloxyacetates from α-azidoketones and diazoacetates under visible light-Cu(OAc)2-DBU catalysis was demonstrated.
Molecular and structural perspectives on protein trafficking to the primary cilium membrane
Authors: Reddy Palicharla Vivek , Mukhopadhyay Saikat
Published: June 2024

The primary cilium is a dynamic subcellular compartment templated from the mother centriole or basal body. Cilia are solitary and tiny, but remarkably consequential in cellular pathways regulating proliferation, differentiation, and maintenance. Multiple transmembrane proteins such as G-protein-coupled receptors, channels, enzymes, and membrane-associated lipidated proteins are enriched in the ciliary membrane. The precise regulation of ciliary membrane content is essential for effective signal transduction and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Surprisingly, a few conserved molecular factors, intraflagellar transport complex A and the tubby family adapter protein TULP3, mediate the transport of most membrane cargoes into cilia. Recent advances in cryogenic electron microscopy provide fundamental insights into these molecular players. Here, we review the molecular players mediating cargo delivery into the ciliary membrane through the lens of structural biology. These mechanistic insights into ciliary transport provide a framework for understanding of disease variants in ciliopathies, enable precise manipulation of cilia-mediated pathways, and provide a platform for the development of targeted therapeutics.
Mechanotransduction in the Vocal Fold Microenvironment: A Narrative Review
Authors: Kimball Emily E. , Rousseau Bernard
Published: June 2024

Purpose:

The vocal fold tissues undergo nearly continuous and repeated cycles of injury and repair throughout the course of an individual's lifetime. It is well established that certain individuals are at greater risk of lesion development based on personality and behavioral classification. However, these characteristics alone do not wholly predict or explain lesion development or severity. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of mechanotransduction proteins and their potential relevance to tissue homeostasis in the vocal folds.

Method:

A review of literature surrounding mechanotransduction and tissue homeostasis as it relates to the vocal folds was conducted. Review of the literature included searches of PubMed, Google Scholar, and other various online peer-reviewed sources. Search terms pertained to mechanosensation, mechanotransduction, mechanically activated channels, mechanical cellular regulation, and other associated concepts and terms. Additional literature was identified through the reference lists of identified papers. Findings of this literature review were then applied to known physiology and pathophysiology of the vocal folds in order to speculate on the contribution of mechanically mediated mechanisms within the vocal fold.

Discussion and Conclusion:

Because the vocal folds are such mechanically active structures, withstanding nearly constant external forces, there is strong support for the idea that mechanically sensitive molecular pathways within the vocal fold tissue play a major role in tissue homeostasis in the presence of these considerable forces. As such, mechanotransduction within the vocal fold should be considered and targeted in future biological studies of vocal fold physiology.
The fifth data release of the Kilo Degree Survey: Multi-epoch optical/NIR imaging covering wide and legacy-calibration fields
Authors: Wright Angus H. , Kuijken Konrad , Hildebrandt Hendrik , Radovich Mario , Bilicki Maciej , Dvornik Andrej , Getman Fedor , Heymans Catherine , Hoekstra Henk , Li Shun-Sheng , Miller Lance , Napolitano Nicola R. , Xia Qianli , Asgari Marika , Brescia Massimo , Buddelmeijer Hugo , Burger Pierre , Castignani Gianluca , Cavuoti Stefano , de Jong Jelte , Edge Alastair , Giblin Benjamin , Giocoli Carlo , Harnois-Déraps Joachim , Jalan Priyanka , Joachimi Benjamin , John William Anjitha , Joudaki Shahab , Kannawadi Arun , Kaur Gursharanjit , La Barbera Francesco , Linke Laila , Mahony Constance , Maturi Matteo , Moscardini Lauro , Nakoneczny Szymon J. , Paolillo Maurizio , Porth Lucas , Puddu Emanuella , Reischke Robert , Schneider Peter , Sereno Mauro , Shan HuanYuan , Sifón Cristóbal , Stölzner Benjamin , Tröster Tilman , Valentijn Edwin , van den Busch Jan Luca , Verdoes Kleijn Gijs , Wittje Anna , Yan Ziang , Yao Ji , Yoon Mijin , Zhang Yun-Hao
Published: June 2024

We present the final data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS-DR5), a public European Southern Observatory (ESO) wide-field imaging survey optimised for weak gravitational lensing studies. We combined matched-depth multi-wavelength observations from the VLT Survey Telescope and the VISTA Kilo-degree INfrared Galaxy (VIKING) survey to create a nine-band optical-to-near-infrared survey spanning 1347 deg2. The median r-band 5σ limiting magnitude is 24.8 with median seeing 0.7″. The main survey footprint includes 4 deg2 of overlap with existing deep spectroscopic surveys. We complemented these data in DR5 with a targeted campaign to secure an additional 23 deg2 of KiDS- and VIKING-like imaging over a range of additional deep spectroscopic survey fields. From these fields, we extracted a catalogue of 126 085 sources with both spectroscopic and photometric redshift information, which enables the robust calibration of photometric redshifts across the full survey footprint. In comparison to previous releases, DR5 represents a 34% areal extension and includes an i-band re-observation of the full footprint, thereby increasing the effective i-band depth by 0.4 magnitudes and enabling multi-epoch science. Our processed nine-band imaging, single- and multi-band catalogues with masks, and homogenised photometry and photometric redshifts can be accessed through the ESO Archive Science Portal.
Pharmakotherapie von Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Hyperaktivitätsstörungen
(ADHS) in der hausärztlichen und fachärztlichen Versorgung: eine
Sekundärdatenanalyse
Authors: Grimmsmann Thomas , Himmel Wolfgang
Published: June 2024

Fragestellung Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS)
ist eine der häufigsten psychischen Störungen bei Kindern, mit zunehmender
Bedeutung auch bei Erwachsenen. Es sollte untersucht werden, welche Bedeutung
Neurologen und Psychiater bzw. Hausärzte sowie Kinder- und Jugendärzte bei der
Verordnung von ADHS-Medikamenten in Deutschland spielen und ob sich ihre
Bedeutung im 10-Jahres-Zeitraum von 2008 und 2018 verändert hat.

Methode In dieser Sekundäranalyse von anonymisierten Verordnungsdaten
berechneten wir die absoluten und relativen Häufigkeiten der ADHS-Verordnungen
von Neurologen und Psychiatern – zusammengefasst als Spezialisten – und
Hausärzte sowie Kinder- und Jugendärzte – zusammengefasst als Generalisten –
zwischen 2008 und 2018.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt 620 Praxen lieferten Daten für 77 504 Patienten mit
der Diagnose ADHS, 38% (29 396/77 504) von ihnen hatten im Studienzeitraum
mindestens einmal ein Rezept für ein ADHS-Medikament erhalten. Im Laufe der Zeit
beobachteten wir eine Verlagerung von Generalisten zu Spezialisten. Erhielten im
Jahr 2008 noch 59% der Patientinnen und Patienten ihre Verordnung von einem
Generalisten und 41% von einem Spezialisten, so drehte sich das Verhältnis im
Jahr 2018 ins Gegenteil: nur noch 37% erhielten ihr Medikament von einem
Generalisten und die überwiegende Mehrheit (63%) von einem Spezialisten.
Besonders deutlich war diese Entwicklung bei Erwachsenen: 58% von ihnen
erhielten ihr ADHS-Medikament im Jahr 2008 von einem Spezialisten, im Jahr 2018
waren es bereits 80%. Der Anteil bei Kindern- und Jugendlichen mit Verordnung
vom Spezialisten stieg im gleichen Zeitraum von 38% auf 51%.

Schlussfolgerung Es gibt eine Verschiebung in der Arzneimittelversorgung
weg von Generalisten hin zu Spezialisten, ohne dass bisher über Vor- oder
Nachteile diskutiert wurde. Dies wäre jedoch wünschenswert, nicht zuletzt, weil
Spezialisten allein möglicherweise nicht über genügend Ressourcen verfügen, um
alle ADHS-Patienten zu versorgen.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Azobenzene-Based Glycomacrocycles
Authors: Xie Juan , Jiao Jinbiao
Published: June 2024

Carbohydrate-based macrocyclic compounds are of particular interest because of their multifunctionality, their unique structural and physicochemical properties as well as their potential applications in chemistry, biology, and drug discovery. Introducing a molecular photoswitch into the skeleton of glycomacrocycles makes possible the reversible control of properties of the resulting photoswitchable glycomacrocycles by light illumination. Therefore, development of stereoselective synthesis of this class of glycomacrocycles is of great interest. Two new azobenzene-based glycomacrocycles have been synthesized through an intramolecular glycosylation approach. Excellent 1,2-cis stereoselectivity has been achieved for the mannosylation.
Multidimensional Outcome Parameters in a Cress Seedling—CuCl2 Crystallization Assay to Corroborate Specific Effects of Stannum metallicum 30x Compared to Lactose 30x
Authors: Doesburg Paul , Andersen Jens-Otto , Scherr Claudia , Kokornaczyk Maria Olga , Baumgartner Stephan
Published: June 2024

Background Previously we developed a test system which yielded highly significant evidence for specific effects of a Stannum metallicum 30x preparation in a multi-center replication trial. This test system is based on cress seed germination in homeopathic or control samples, CuCl2 crystallization of the cress extract, and subsequent digital textural image analysis of the resulting crystallization patterns.

Objectives The current study aimed to investigate whether three novel outcome parameters could further corroborate and possibly characterize the specific effects of Stannum metallicum 30x.

Methods To this end, (1) cress seedling length, (2) a second texture analysis parameter, entropy and (3) the local connected fractal dimension (LCFD) of crystallization patterns as a measure of complexity were considered. The stability of the experimental setup was monitored throughout the entire investigation with systematic negative control (SNC) experiments.

Results Cress length and entropy revealed a time-modulated potency treatment effect, in the absence of a significant main treatment effect. This indicated that the effect of the potency treatment varied significantly across the different experimental days. LCFD yielded a highly significant potency treatment effect. In addition, a significant interaction of treatment with experimental day seems to indicate a modulation of this effect. No significant effects were observed in any of the evaluations of the SNC experiments, indicative of a stable experimental setup and a reliable and specific treatment effect. Neither significant nor strong correlations were found between the four parameters, indicating that they reflect different effects of Stannum metallicum 30x on the organism treated.

Conclusion This quadruple characterization of the biological effects of Stannum metallicum 30x provides an unprecedented opportunity for basic homeopathy research into, among others, the presumed specificity of homeopathic preparations.
Complication Rate of Percutaneous Balloon-Retention versus Locking-Loop Gastrostomy and Gastrojejunostomy Tube Insertion: A Comparison from a Canadian Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Chan Ian Y. M. , Alghamdi Ibrahim Abdulaziz , Schep Daniel , Sabongui Sandra , Krause Sarah , Hocking David , Wiseman Daniele
Published: June 2024

Purpose The aim of this study is to compare 30-day complications, procedure-related mortality, and overall mortality rates for de novo enteral feeding tube insertion with fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous balloon-retention versus traditional locking-loop tubes.

Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on adult patients who underwent fluoroscopically guided gastrostomy or gastrojejunostomy tube insertions at two tertiary care centers. We categorized complications based on the Society of Interventional Radiology Standards of Practice for Gastrointestinal Access. Factors including the indication for the procedure, the number of gastropexy anchors, and the tube size were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square tests, and the results were compared with patients who underwent locking loop insertions.

Results A total of 118 patients underwent percutaneous balloon-retention gastrostomy (BRG) or gastrojejunostomy (BRGJ) tube insertions in 2018. These were compared with 559 adult patients who had locking loop insertions at the same institutions from 2011 to 2014. Minor and major complications were higher for the balloon-retention tubes for both BRG (minor: 40.8% vs 4.7%, p < 0.001; major: 1.4% vs 1.2%, p = 0.891) and BRGJ tubes (minor: 80.9% vs 11.8%, p < 0.001; major: 12.8% vs 1.7%, p < 0.001). Complications were lowest with two gastropexy anchors and highest with three anchors. The 12-F and 14-F balloon-retention tubes had similar complication rates. Although not statistically significant, the balloon-retention tubes were associated with higher procedure-related deaths (1.7% vs 0.7%, p = 0.300) and all-cause mortality (9.3% vs 5.9%, p = 0.171).

Conclusion Percutaneous BRG or BRGJ tubes had significantly higher 30-day complication rates. There was no significant difference in the 30-day mortality rate.
Ultrafast supercontinuum sculpting for two-photon spectroscopy and microscopy of ratiometric fluorescent indicators
Authors: Chebotarev Artem S. , Raevsky Roman I. , Linovsky Georgy N. , Kostyuk Alexander I. , Belousov Vsevolod V. , Fedotov Andrei B. , Bilan Dmitry S. , Lanin Aleksandr A.
Published: June 2024

We present a compact laser system for quantitative two-photon excitation spectra measurements and ratiometric two-photon imaging of fluorescent protein indicators. The fundamental of the system is a short segment of photonic crystal fiber (PCF), which supports a nonlinear transformation of low-power ultrashort pulses by preserving temporal coherence, and this generates an ultrafast almost octave-spanning supercontinuum (SC). Accurate sculpting of the SC by its amplitude and phase modulation provides implementation of the spectroscopic and microscopic modalities. The spectroscopic one was exhibited by two-photon action cross section spectra measuring for the genetically encoded fluorescent sensing proteins of the vital biochemical parameters: acidity (SypHer3s), concentration of hydrogen peroxide (HyPer3 and HyPer7), redox status of NADH and glutathione (RexYFP and Grx1-roGFP2), hypohalous acids and their derivatives (Hypocrates). For the microscopy, we investigated and optimized the intensity pump pulse profiles under the high numerical objective by dispersion scan technique. We conducted real-time monitoring of the dynamics of hydrogen peroxide in HeLa cells with subcellular spatial resolution by means of ratiometric two-photon imaging of Hyper7 sensors. The presented hybrid laser system provides an ideal optical toolbox in order to develop ratiometric fluorescent sensors, which can be visualized in vivo using two-photon microscopy.
Evolving higher-order synergies reveals a trade-off between stability and information-integration capacity in complex systems
Authors: Varley Thomas F. , Bongard Josh
Published: June 2024

There has recently been an explosion of interest in how “higher-order” structures emerge in complex systems comprised of many interacting elements (often called “synergistic” information). This “emergent” organization has been found in a variety of natural and artificial systems, although at present, the field lacks a unified understanding of what the consequences of higher-order synergies and redundancies are for systems under study. Typical research treats the presence (or absence) of synergistic information as a dependent variable and report changes in the level of synergy in response to some change in the system. Here, we attempt to flip the script: rather than treating higher-order information as a dependent variable, we use evolutionary optimization to evolve boolean networks with significant higher-order redundancies, synergies, or statistical complexity. We then analyze these evolved populations of networks using established tools for characterizing discrete dynamics: the number of attractors, the average transient length, and the Derrida coefficient. We also assess the capacity of the systems to integrate information. We find that high-synergy systems are unstable and chaotic, but with a high capacity to integrate information. In contrast, evolved redundant systems are extremely stable, but have negligible capacity to integrate information. Finally, the complex systems that balance integration and segregation (known as Tononi–Sporns–Edelman complexity) show features of both chaosticity and stability, with a greater capacity to integrate information than the redundant systems while being more stable than the random and synergistic systems. We conclude that there may be a fundamental trade-off between the robustness of a system’s dynamics and its capacity to integrate information (which inherently requires flexibility and sensitivity) and that certain kinds of complexity naturally balance this trade-off.
An open computational toolbox to analyze multi- and single-unit sympathetic nerve activity in microneurography
Authors: D'Alesio Giacomo , Stumpp Lars Ingmar , Sciarrone Paolo , Navari Alessandro , Gentile Francesco , Borrelli Chiara , Ballanti Sara , Degl'Innocenti Eleonora , Carrasco Adrian , Costa Ana Catarina , Andrade Alexandre , Mannini Andrea , Macefield Vaughan Gary , Emdin Michele , Passino Claudio , Mazzoni Alberto , Giannoni Alberto , Oddo Calogero Maria
Published: June 2024

Microelectrode recordings from human peripheral and cranial nerves provide a means to study both afferent and efferent axonal signals at different levels of detail, from multi- to single-unit activity. Their analysis can lead to advancements both in diagnostic and in the understanding of the genesis of neural disorders. However, most of the existing computational toolboxes for the analysis of microneurographic recordings are limited in scope or not open-source. Additionally, conventional burst-based metrics are not suited to analyze pathological conditions and are highly sensitive to distance of the microelectrode tip from the active axons. To address these challenges, we developed an open-source toolbox that offers advanced analysis capabilities for studying neuronal reflexes and physiological responses to peripheral nerve activity. Our toolbox leverages the observation of temporal sequences of action potentials within inherently cyclic signals, introducing innovative methods and indices to enhance analysis accuracy. Importantly, we have designed our computational toolbox to be accessible to novices in biomedical signal processing. This may include researchers and professionals in healthcare domains, such as clinical medicine, life sciences, and related fields. By prioritizing user-friendliness, our software application serves as a valuable resource for the scientific community, allowing to extract advanced metrics of neural activity in short time and evaluate their impact on other physiological variables in a consistent and standardized manner, with the final aim to widen the use of microneurography among researchers and clinicians.
Ultraviolet detection and imaging of one-dimensional cesium copper iodine single crystals synthesized by gradient crystallization
Authors: Wang Baiqian , Liang Dehai , Qaid Saif M. H. , Cai Wensi , Yang Xin , Xu Zhiyuan , Li Ru , Xiao Hongbin , Zang Zhigang
Published: June 2024

The small size and large trap density have seriously hindered the application of cesium copper iodine single crystals (SCs). Herein, we propose a strategy for synthesizing high-quality and large-sized CsCu2I3 SCs by gradient crystallization. The as-synthesized CsCu2I3 SCs exhibit a large length of 1.7 cm with a low trap density of 4.17 × 109 cm−3. Moreover, such CsCu2I3 SCs show excellent photoelectric response to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, owing to their high absorption coefficient, large Stokes shift, and one-dimensional electronic structure. The measured responsivity and detectivity of the CsCu2I3 SC-based photodetectors reach the maxima of 24.58 A/W and 1.02 × 1013 Jones, respectively, under 365 nm light irradiation. Due to the outstanding UV detection performance, such photodetectors are also utilized for achieving direct UV imaging with high resolutions.
Terahertz refractometry of hard-to-access objects using the sapphire endoscope suitable for harsh environments
Authors: Katyba Gleb M. , Lebedev Sergey P. , Kucheryavenko Anna S. , Dolganova Irina N. , Chernomyrdin Nikita V. , Burdanova Maria G. , Spektor Igor E. , Skorobogatiy Maksim , Kurlov Vladimir N. , Zaytsev Kirill I.
Published: June 2024

While terahertz (THz) technology offers a variety of applications in medical diagnosis, nondestructive testing, and quality control, its acceptance in these practical fields is hampered by the absence of endoscopic systems, capable of sensing the complex refractive index of the hard-to-access objects. In this paper, we develop the THz endoscope based on the hollow-core antiresonant waveguide, formed by a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-coated sapphire tube with the outer end closed by a monolithic sapphire window. The endoscope is attached to the backward wave oscillator spectrometer to measure the sample reflectivity. By studying the well-known liquid and solid samples, we demonstrate that analysis of the Fabry–Pérot resonance in the measured reflection spectra makes it possible to quantify the complex refractive index of an analyte. Thanks to the advanced chemical inertness and thermal strength of sapphire and PTFE, the developed endoscope is capable of operation in harsh environments, which broadens the range of its applications. Our findings pave the way for the THz technology use in a number of demanding practical fields.
Enhanced thermoelectric properties of nanostructured Si by excess P-doping
Authors: Ashida Yuichi , Ishii Tomonori , Ichikawa Satoshi , Fujieda Shun , Muta Hiroaki , Ohishi Yuji
Published: June 2024

In this study, nanostructures were introduced into bulk Si, and the P content in Si was increased. Arc melting, ball milling, and spark plasma sintering were used to prepare excess P-doped Si samples (Si1−xPx, x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09, and 0.12). In Si0.94P0.06, thermal conductivity decreased to 18 W m−1 K−1 at room temperature, which is about 10% of that of bulk Si. Transmission electron microscopy observation of Si0.94P0.06 revealed a linearly localized alignment, in addition to the nanostructures observed in the previous studies of P-doped Si samples. Linear alignments were composed of Si-P nanoprecipitates and defects linearly localized around dislocations. These sub-microstructures can reduce thermal conductivity; as a result, ZT at 973 K increased to 0.43, which is approximately three times higher than that of single-crystal Si.
Plasmon-driven creation of magnetic topological structures
Authors: Al Saidi W. , Sbiaa R. , Dusch Y. , Tiercelin N.
Published: June 2024

We demonstrate the creation and control of magnetic topological textures in thin film structures by plasmonic effects. From electromagnetic and photothermal models, the heat and absorption were determined, then the results were implemented in micromagnetic formalism to study the dynamics of magnetization under various conditions. The laser pulse duration and the contact area between nanoparticles and the magnetic layer are key parameters in the formation of topological textures. It is possible to generate a single skyrmion, multiple skyrmions, and skyrmioniums in the range of picoseconds. These results highlight the possibility of manipulating magnetic textures by using plasmonic effects, which presents significant opportunities for spintronics and non-conventional computer applications.
An information theory approach to stock market liquidity
Authors: Bianchi S. , Bruni V. , Frezza M. , Marconi S. , Pianese A. , Vantaggi B. , Vitulano D.
Published: June 2024

A novel methodology is introduced to dynamically analyze the complex scaling behavior of financial data across various investment horizons. This approach comprises two steps: (a) the application of a distribution-based method for the estimation of time-varying self-similarity matrices. These matrices consist of entries that represent the scaling parameters relating pairs of distributions of price changes constructed for different temporal scales (or investment horizons); (b) the utilization of information theory, specifically the Normalized Compression Distance, to quantify the relative complexity and ascertain the similarities between pairs of self-similarity matrices. Through this methodology, distinct patterns can be identified and they may delineate the levels and the composition of market liquidity. An application to the U.S. stock index S&P500 shows the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
A near-complete dataset of plant growth form, life history, and woodiness for all Australian plants
Authors: Wenk Elizabeth H. , Coleman David , Gallagher Rachael V. , Falster Daniel S.
Published: June 2024

Tabular records of plant-trait data are essential for diverse research purposes. Here we present scorings for a trio of core plant traits, plant growth form, woodiness and life history, for nearly all (>99%) accepted taxon concepts included in the Australian Plant Census (APC). This dataset is predominantly derived from Australia’s state and national floras, supplemented by the taxonomic literature and diverse web resources. In total, 29,993 species and infraspecific taxa were scored for plant growth form, 30,279 for woodiness and 30,056 for life history, with taxa scored as displaying a single or multiple trait values, as appropriate. We provide sample R code that shows how to access and interrogate the dataset. This resource will enable rapid assessment of plant responses to disturbance events and new biogeographic analyses of trait distributions, better understandings of evolutionary trajectories, and ecological strategies.