bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação de adaptação de caprinos nativos e ovinos deslanados no semiárido brasileiro frente as mudanças climáticas
Authors: Souza Bonifacio Benicio de , Mascarenhas Nágela Maria Henrique , Silva Maycon Rodrigues da , Batista Luanna Figueirêdo , Medeiros Fabíola Franklin de , Rodrigues Luiz Henrique de Souza , Macêdo Ribamar Veríssimo , Benício Talícia Maria Alves , Costa José Antônio Pires da , Medeiros Aline Carla de , Maracajá Patrício Borges
Published: April 2024

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar e comparar os efeitos das épocas do ano (menos quente e quente) e da raça sobre os parâmetros fisiológicos de caprinos (Moxotó) e ovinos deslanados (Santa Inês), bem como verificar e comparar a adaptabilidade ao clima semiárido, por meio do teste de Benezra entre estas raças. Para a condução do trabalho foram utilizados 24 animais, (ovinos e caprinos), sendo 12 ovinos Santa Inês e 12 caprinos Moxotó, 6 machos e 6 fêmeas em ambas espécies (machos não castrados), com peso vivo médio inicial de 26kg. Realizado durante duas épocas do ano de 2016 distintas: menos quente (julho e agosto) e quente (setembro e outubro). Os animais foram mantidos em sistema extensivo. Os parâmetros fisiológicos avaliados foram temperatura retal (TR), frequência respiratória (FR), onde, a TR foi mensurada através de um termômetro veterinário digital, e a FR foi obtida mediante a auscultação indireta das bulhas, com o auxílio de um estetoscópio flexível colocado ao nível da região torácica. Para o cálculo do coeficiente de tolerância ao calor (CTC), foi utilizado o teste de Benezra, modificado, segundo Muller (1989), com a seguinte fórmula: CTC = (TR/39,1 + FR/19). Os parâmetros fisiológicos foram aferidos no turno da tarde em três horários diferentes, durante as duas épocas, caracterizando três condições de estresse distintas. As médias das temperaturas retais e das frequências respiratórias diferiram (p<0,05) entre as três condições de estresse. Os valores médios do CTC, demostram que os animais não se encontram adaptadas às condições ambientais que lhes são oferecidas, sendo a condição logo após o estresse a que apresentou a maior média diferindo (p<0,05) das demais, seguida de uma hora depois do estresse e antes do estresse. Não houve interação significativa (p>0,05) entre os fatores raças e época do ano. Os parâmetros TR e FR foram influenciados pelo fator raça, assim como o CTC sofreu influência da raça. O CTC apresentou valores altos para ambos os fatores. Diferiu (p<0,05) para o fator raça, os caprinos da raça Moxotó apresentaram um CTC mais elevado do que os ovinos da raça Santa Inês. Os valores de CTC na diferiram (p>0,05) para o fator época do ano. Com os resultados obtidos é possível observar que os animais apesar de serem considerados adaptados as condições climáticas da região semiárida, estão sofrendo com estresse térmico.
Os benefícios do aproveitamento integral dos alimentos: redução do desperdício alimentar
Authors: Santos Andreza Batista dos , Santos Enio Rafael de Medeiros , Gregório Mailson Gonçalves , Gomes Michael Marcos de Aquino , Andrade Jefferson Gismont Correia , Almeida Rossino Ramos de , Nepomucena Tayana Adélia Palmeira Gomes , Silva Filho José Pereira da
Published: April 2024

Introdução: A perda e o desperdício de alimentos (PDA) representam uma ameaça crítica à segurança alimentar, à economia e ao meio ambiente, com consequências globais significativas. Este estudo aborda a importância de abordar o aproveitamento integral dos alimentos como uma solução para reduzir o desperdício alimentar. Destaca-se a necessidade urgente de mitigar a PDA, dadas suas implicações na insegurança nutricional e nos impactos ambientais e econômicos. Além disso, a promoção do aproveitamento integral dos alimentos, incluindo o uso de Plantas Alimentícias Não Convencionais (PANCs), é discutida como uma estratégia transformadora para diversificar a dieta, aumentar o valor nutricional das refeições e reduzir o desperdício. Objetivo: Este estudo propõe uma revisão da literatura para explorar as vantagens associadas ao aproveitamento integral dos alimentos e sua influência na mitigação do desperdício alimentar. Método: Este estudo utiliza uma abordagem de revisão integrativa da literatura para investigar as vantagens do aproveitamento integral dos alimentos. A pesquisa foi conduzida com base na pergunta: "Quais são as vantagens do aproveitamento integral dos alimentos?" formulada utilizando a estratégia PICOS (População, Intervenção/Exposição, Desfecho e Desenho do Estudo). A busca por artigos foi realizada nas bases de dados SciELO e BVS, utilizando descritores selecionados dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DECS). A busca foi realizada durante março de 2024, e os critérios de inclusão adotados foram artigos originais publicados nos últimos 5 anos (2019-2024), disponíveis na íntegra, em inglês, português ou espanhol, e relacionados à pergunta problema. Foram excluídos trabalhos em formatos como anais de eventos, manuais e duplicatas entre as bases de dados. Resultados: foram selecionados 5 artigos dos últimos 5 anos. Considerações finais: Os estudos revisados neste trabalho destacam que o aproveitamento integral dos alimentos é uma estratégia eficaz para reduzir o desperdício e promover a segurança alimentar em diversos contextos. A partir do reaproveitamento de resíduos de várias fontes, como cascas de frutas, partes não convencionais de vegetais e subprodutos do processamento de alimentos, é possível produzir novos alimentos nutritivos e seguros. Essas práticas não apenas contribuem para a redução do desperdício, mas também agregam valor nutricional aos produtos finais. Os resultados positivos desses estudos destacam a importância e o potencial do aproveitamento integral dos alimentos na criação de uma cadeia alimentar mais sustentável e na promoção da segurança alimentar em âmbitos local e global
INTEGRATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN ENSURING FIRE SAFETY OF SHIPBUILDING FACILITIES
Authors: Melnikova Ksenia , Kalashnikov Roman , Orlov Grigory
Published: April 2024

Fires occur almost every year on ships and ships under construction and repair. In the case of ship repair docks and shipyards, evacuation of people in case of fire is complicated by the volume of fire-hazardous and fire works. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use artificial intelligence technology, which will take into account the place of ignition, the rate of fire spread and the influence of fire hazards.

To optimize and improve the efficiency of paperwork, it is proposed to use the technology of «big data» (Big Data). It will allow you to receive and analyze simultaneously several dozen processes taking place at the facility: routine maintenance, serviceability of fire protection systems and the availability of qualifications for an employee performing fire work.

The practical significance of the proposed measures lies in their use to increase the effectiveness of fire prevention at shipbuilding facilities.
Study of Second Order Hankel Determinants for Convex Functions with Symmetric Points Related with Exponential Function
Authors: Tang Huo , Ullah Khalil , Arif Muhammad , Tawfiq Ferdous M. O. , Malik Sarfraz Nawaz
Published: April 2024

This work aims to introduce and study a class of convex functions with symmetric points associated with exponential function. The problems under consideration are the first four sharp coefficient bounds, Fekete-Szegö functional, second Hankel determinant. It also includes similar investigations for inverse and logarithmic functions of convex functions with symmetric points associated with exponential function.
Second Hankel Determinant for Certain Class of Functions Defined by Differential Operator
Authors:   University of Zawia, Faculty of Education (Al-Ajaylat), Derbal Antisar Ali , Showia Mona Saleh ,   University of Zawia, Faculty of Education (Al-Ajaylat)
Published: April 2024

The objective of this paper is to obtain an upper bound of second Hankel determinant for a class of functions M_(α,β,λ,δ)^k (φ) defined in the open unit disc U by using the differential operator〖 D〗_(α,β,λ,δ)^k f(z). In addition, we give particular values to the parameters A,B and k to study special cases of the results of this article. The class M_(α,β,λ,δ)^k (φ) and the differential operator〖 D〗_(α,β,λ,δ)^k f(z). Key words: differential operator, Second Hankel determinant, Starlike functions, Subordination property
Tỷ lệ và phân loại chóng mặt tư thế kịch phát lành tínhống bán khuyên ngang tại Bệnh viện Quân y 175
Authors: Phan Xuân Uy Hùng , Đoàn Văn Anh Vũ , Huỳnh Thị Như Ý , Huỳnh Đăng Lộc , Hoàng Tiến Trọng Nghĩa
Published: April 2024

Objective: To determine the prevalence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) in the horizontal semicircular canal and classify the mechanism at Military Hospital 175.Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Neurology, Military Hospital 175, from March 2022 - September 2023, patients were examined and performed positioning tests on the videonystagmography system. Patients with atypical results were examined with imaging and the HINT test. Patients with BPPV were included in the analysis.Results: 466 cases were diagnosed with BPPV. 133 patients had horizontal semicircular canal BPPV, accounting for 28.54% of BPPV cases. In the group of 133 patients with horizontal semicircular canal BPPV, 116 cases were due to otoliths in the semicircular canal (canalithiasis), accounting for 87.22%; 14 cases were due to otoliths on the cupula (cupulothiasis), accounting for 10.53%; 3 cases were due to light cupula mechanism, accounting for 2.26%.Conclusion: The prevalence of horizontal semicircular canal BPPV was 28.54% in BPPV patients, higher than other previous studies in Europe. 87.22% of horizontal semicircular canal BPPV were hii due to stones in the semicircular canal, 10.53% were due to stones in the semicircular canal and 2.26% were due to light cupula mechanism. Performing a positioning head roll test in addition to the Dix-Hallpike test is necessary to avoid missing horizontal semicircular canal BPPV.
Đặc điểm bệnh lý tại Khoa Tâm bệnh - Bệnh viện Trung ương Thái Nguyên năm 2023
Authors: Đàm Thị Bảo Hoa , Đoàn Thủy Tiên , Nguyễn Đắc Vinh
Published: April 2024

Title: The characteristics of patients at the Psychiatry Department - Thai Nguyen Central Hospital in 2023.Objective: To find out the characteristics of patients at the Psychiatry Department - Thai Nguyen Central Hospital in 2023.Methods: Retrospective description.Results: A total of 733 patients will be treated at the Psychiatry Department in 2023, of which: 55.53% male, 44.47% female. In which disease group F40-F48 (Mental disorders related to stress) accounts for the highest proportion (29.20%). Mainly the age group is from 21 - 60 (82.26%). There are differences by age and gender in pathological groups.Conclusion: Pathological characteristics at the Psychiatry Department - Thai Nguyen Central Hospital in 2023 are diverse and related to age and gender in disease groups. Recommendation: It is necessary to monitor the characteristics of patients over the years to have more data on mental illness patterns in Thai Nguyen.
The emergence of Late Acheulean pattern of bifact production and resharpening (on materials of Hugub locality, 600–500 ka, in Ethiopia)
Authors: Gilbert W. Henry , Golovanova Liubov V. , Doronichev Vladimir B. , Shirobokov Ivan G.
Published: April 2024

The Hugub open-air site in Ethiopia well-dated to between 600 and 500 ka yields the earliest securely dated and found in situ Late Acheulean archaeology in Africa. The studied lithic assemblage includes numerous, often diminutive broad-tipped ovate and pointed bifaces, many of which are made on large flakes. These show the earliest evidence of intensive on-site resharpening thru modification and edge rejuvenation as well as the earliest use of the plano-convex method of biface manufacture. This emergent pattern of biface production, maintenance, and discard is typical for the Late Acheulean related to post-erectus Homo, referred to as Homo heidelbergensis (for European forms) or Homo rhodesiensis (for African forms), as well as post-Acheulean industries, and has no analogs among earlier Acheulean populations of Homo erectus.
To the 75th anniversary of A.K. Shikov. In memory of “Mister Superconductor”
Authors:   NRC Kurchatov Institute, Shavkin S. V. , Kruglov V. S. ,   NRC Kurchatov Institute
Published: April 2024

An article in memory of the famous scientist, Doctor of Sciences, Professor Alexander Konstantinovich Shikov (10/11/1948 – 10/26/2013), who made a huge contribution to the saving and development of Russian applied superconductivity in difficult times for it.
No-insulation HTS coils: methods for describing electromagnetic processes
Authors:   NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Yashkin D. S.
Published: April 2024

Magnetic systems based on no-insulated high temperature superconductor coils (NI HTS) are finding increasingly practical applications. They became a scientific and industrial tool with enormous prospects. Their main advantage is that they are resistant to burnout due to protection in the form of a “built-in” shunt resistance. However, a serious disadvantage of NISO is the lack of a clearly defined current flow path, which makes it difficult to both describe the characteristics of such coils and predict their behavior under given conditions. This review shows the main methods for describing electromagnetic processes occurring in NI HTS and analyzes the limits of applicability of these methods.
Construction surface using desktop and mobile applications
Authors: Zelensky Oleksandr , Lysenko Volodymyr
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the work is the construction of surfaces when using desktop and mobile applications both in the educational process and in the mining industry. The integrated Microsoft Visual Studio 2019 environment is used for desktop programs using C++ and C# programming languages. Android Studio, Java language is used for mobile applications. The information base for the programs being developed is the relational DBMS ACCESS and SQL SERVER, as well as the cloud DBMS of the NoSQL class Firebase Realtime Database, which allows application developers to store data and synchronize it between several clients. The following methods of constructing surfaces (3d models) are considered in the article: Interpolation (grid and frame), polynomial, B-spline (NURBS surface), nearest areas (polygons). These methods are used in the creation of an automated system of HMZ in the planning and management of mining operations in the pit. This system has been tested by many years of positive experience of industrial application and can be used for non-ferrous ore and iron ore deposits. Theoretical material and real software are provided for the educational process. This allows you to improve your knowledge in the field of mathematics and programming, having the source texts of the programs. Modern programming languages for desktop and mobile applications using DBMS and cloud technologies are used here. Mathematical support for the construction of surfaces is given. At the same time, the NURBS surface and the method of nearest regions are implemented for the first time. The efficiency of the implementation of models is significantly increased due to the use of shaders. The B-spline in the form of a surface is used for modeling the day surface of a quarry, complete counting of reserves, accounting for ore extraction, contouring of ore bodies. Polygons are mainly used in the operational calculation of reserves in given contours of mining operations. The interpolation method of grids is used in profiles for complete calculation of reserves, contouring of ore bodies, construction of isolines.
Titik Nadir Demokrasi Pasca Reformasi: Quo Vadis Civil Society
Authors: Shokheh Mukhamad
Published: April 2024

The challenge after the 1998 reforms is the formation of a democratic society that has independence in the political and economic fields. Democracy cannot be realized in an atmosphere full of dependency, for this reason, all elements need to be involved in increasing their capacity as nation citizens. This article analyzes post-reform democratic life and efforts to form a democratic society after authoritarianism. Important research findings show that improving democratic life needs to be initiated by all elements. The encouragement to create a civil society movement to be involved in various areas of life is a sign that democratic life still needs to continue to be developed, whereas, in recent years, various challenges to democracy have given rise to a setback. , the nuances of repression are a characteristic that is quite visible, for this reason, to control the role of the authorities, civil society is needed, through community movements that have political and social awareness will give birth to a better quality of democracy. The conclusion of this article emphasizes the need for a political culture reform agenda from the ruling elements to the lower levels of society to create a smooth democratization process and reveal authoritative qualities and the need to prioritize humanist qualities in the nation.
Technologies for Energy Security: Stirling Engine
Authors:   , Kramens Jānis
Published: April 2024

Modern life is no longer conceivable without a stable and uninterrupted supply of heat and electricity to households, public buildings, and industrial facilities. The military action initiated by Russia in Ukraine in 2022 demonstrated that energy supply security is one of the most crucial issues for people to survive. Several methods were used in the Doctoral research to ensure the stability of energy supply models. Special attention was paid to technologies that can simultaneously produce both heat and electricity.
Materialism as a worldview position. The second article is about the missing requirement for scientific theories and the ideological vulnerability of the basic ideas of non-classical physics.
Authors: Popov Nikolai Andreevich
Published: April 2024

The subject of this study is materialism, understood in the broadest sense of this concept: both as a philosophical doctrine and as a way of life corresponding to a certain worldview position. The aim is to clarify the objective role of this worldview position in various fields of human activity. At the center of the research is the question of the essence of materialistic ideas about the world hiding behind the sensually given reality to man. The study consists of two parts, published in separate articles. The first part is devoted to the origins of the materialistic worldview and the main question of philosophy, and in this, its second part, the question of the philosophical problems of non-classical physics is considered, the root of these problems is revealed, a comparative worldview analysis of the basic concepts of classical and non-classical physics is carried out and the overall result of the research is summarized. The methodology of this research is the principle of materialistic monism, according to which absolutely all phenomena of the human-cognizable world can be based only on something material, "influencing". The general conclusions of this study are as follows: the roots of the materialistic worldview go back to the origins of life, to such a condition of successful vital activity of living beings, which is inherently ideological; this condition, called by the author the Main Question of Life, is the historical forerunner of the Main Question of Philosophy; the worldview position, equivalent to the materialistic solution of the OVF, is inherent in the vital activity of absolutely all living beings; all people in their daily and practical activities are born materialists. In addition, this study clarifies the idea of the essence of materialistic teaching; shows the exclusivity of the materialistic worldview as the only true worldview; provides a refined definition of the concept of matter; proves the need to shift the "center of gravity" of modern materialistic teaching from dialectics to the principle of materialistic monism; formulates the missing requirement for scientific theories to ensure their ideological viability; shows the ideological inconsistency the main ideas of the new, non-classical physics.
Da feminilidade oitocentista
Authors: Verona Elisa Maria
Published: April 2024

O objeto desta obra de Elisa Maria Verona são os impactos das mudanças sociais sobre a condição feminina durante o Império de D. Pedro II, provocadas pela chegada da corte portuguesa ao Rio de Janeiro no início do século 19. A partir desse período, a cidade avança num processo intenso de urbanização, que inclui ruas calçadas, iluminação a gás, bondes, teatros, bailes, passeios públicos e repercute também nos hábitos e costumes do carioca, que passa a se familiarizar com os padrões europeus. Nesse cenário, nota a autora, alargou-se a paisagem social de “muita iaiá brasileira” e papéis mais tradicionais atribuídos à mulher foram recolocados. Isso porque a mulher tinha – e esta é a hipótese central da pesquisa – um papel a desempenhar no novo ambiente social que surgia. A mulher carioca abastada, conta Verona, abandonou a reclusão, passou a vestir-se e portar-se com mais elegância e procurou apurar “as prendas de espírito”. Esse comportamento veio a reboque da disposição de uma elite formada nas universidades de instruir seus moradores, algo que considerava fundamental para o processo civilizatório da nação. A autora examina o que se esperava da mulher nessa nova configuração social e aborda, ainda, o modo como a medicina da época forjou o espaço de legitimadora da verdade acerca da saúde dos indivíduos, analisando também como os textos médicos descreviam a mulher. A obra lança um olhar abrangente sobre as transformações então em curso sob diversos aspectos, como a relação entre o projeto de instrução da população carioca e as ações que objetivavam a construção do Estado imperial brasileiro, e a literatura oitocentista, outro fator importante para a construção de uma nação “mais civilizada”.
High-altitude hypoxia exposure inhibits erythrophagocytosis by inducing macrophage ferroptosis in the spleen
Authors: Yang Wan-ping , Li Mei-qi , Ding Jie , Li Jia-yan , Wu Gang , Liu Bao , Gao Yu-qi , Wang Guo-hua , Luo Qian-qian
Published: April 2024

High-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) affects individuals living at high altitudes, characterized by increased red blood cells (RBCs) production in response to hypoxic conditions. The exact mechanisms behind HAPC are not fully understood. We utilized a mouse model exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (HH), replicating the environmental conditions experienced at 6000 m above sea level, coupled with in vitro analysis of primary splenic macrophages under 1% O2 to investigate these mechanisms. Our findings indicate that HH significantly boosts erythropoiesis, leading to erythrocytosis and splenic changes, including initial contraction to splenomegaly over 14 days. A notable decrease in red pulp macrophages (RPMs) in the spleen, essential for RBCs processing, was observed, correlating with increased iron release and signs of ferroptosis. Prolonged exposure to hypoxia further exacerbated these effects, mirrored in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Single-cell sequencing showed a marked reduction in macrophage populations, affecting the spleen’s ability to clear RBCs and contributing to splenomegaly. Our findings suggest splenic ferroptosis contributes to decreased RPMs, affecting erythrophagocytosis and potentially fostering continuous RBCs production in HAPC. These insights could guide the development of targeted therapies for HAPC, emphasizing the importance of splenic macrophages in disease pathology.
Chronic activation of a negative engram induces behavioral and cellular abnormalities
Authors: Jellinger Alexandra L , Suthard Rebecca L , Yuan Bingbing , Surets Michelle , Ruesch Evan A , Caban Albit J , Liu Shawn , Shpokayte Monika , Ramirez Steve
Published: April 2024

Negative memories engage a brain and body-wide stress response in humans that can alter cognition and behavior. Prolonged stress responses induce maladaptive cellular, circuit, and systems-level changes that can lead to pathological brain states and corresponding disorders in which mood and memory are affected. However, it is unclear if repeated activation of cells processing negative memories induces similar phenotypes in mice. In this study, we used an activity-dependent tagging method to access neuronal ensembles and assess their molecular characteristics. Sequencing memory engrams in mice revealed that positive (male-to-female exposure) and negative (foot shock) cells upregulated genes linked to anti- and pro-inflammatory responses, respectively. To investigate the impact of persistent activation of negative engrams, we chemogenetically activated them in the ventral hippocampus over 3 months and conducted anxiety and memory-related tests. Negative engram activation increased anxiety behaviors in both 6- and 14-month-old mice, reduced spatial working memory in older mice, impaired fear extinction in younger mice, and heightened fear generalization in both age groups. Immunohistochemistry revealed changes in microglial and astrocytic structure and number in the hippocampus. In summary, repeated activation of negative memories induces lasting cellular and behavioral abnormalities in mice, offering insights into the negative effects of chronic negative thinking-like behaviors on human health.
PVN-mPFC OT projections modulate pup-directed pup care or attacking in virgin mandarin voles
Authors: Li Lu , Li Yin , Huang Caihong , Hou Wenjuan , Lv Zijian , Zhang Lizi , Qu Yishan , Sun Yahan , Huang Kaizhe , Han Xiao , He Zhixiong , Tai Fadao
Published: April 2024

Many species of animals exhibit caregiving or aggression toward conspecific offspring. The neural mechanisms underlying the infanticide and pup care remain poorly understood. Here, using monogamous mandarin voles (Microtus mandarinus), we found that more oxytocin (OT) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were activated during pup caring than infanticide. Optogenetic activation of OT neurons in the PVN facilitated pup caring in male and female mandarin voles. In infanticide voles, optogenetic activation of PVN OT cells or PVN-medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) OT projection fibers prolonged latency to approach and attack pups, whereas inhibition of these OT neurons or projections facilitated approach and infanticide. Optogenetic activation of PVN OT neuron projections to the mPFC in males shortened the latency to approach and retrieve pups and facilitated the initiation of pup care, but produced no effects on pup-care females. In addition, OT release in the mPFC increased upon approaching and retrieving pups, and decreased upon attacking pups. Intraperitoneal injection of OT promoted pup care and inhibited infanticide behavior. It is suggested that the OT system, especially PVN OT neurons projecting to mPFC, modulates pup-directed behaviors and OT can be used to treat abnormal behavioral responses associated with some psychological diseases such as depression and psychosis.
Evolução e desempenho da aplicação dos recursos do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) no estado do Pará no período de 2011 a 2019
Authors: Martins Geany Cleide Carvalho , Santos Wânia Mendonça dos , Lopes Maria Lúcia Bahia , Filgueiras Gisalda Carvalho , Costa Nilson Luiz , Araújo Janayna Galvão de , Loureiro João Paulo Borges de , Santos Marcos Antônio Souza dos
Published: April 2024

A Lei nº 11. 947/09, que estabelece o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE), trouxe importantes avanços, sobretudo no que se refere ao estímulo da produção familiar com o estabelecimento da exigência de no mínimo de 30% para aquisições de alimentos da agricultura familiar com recursos do programa. O estado do Pará tem uma significativa participação da agricultura familiar na produção do estado, representando 38,6% do valor da produção agropecuária e 85% dos estabelecimentos, segundo o Censo Agropecuário IBGE de 2017. O artigo tem como objetivo analisar o desempenho da aplicação dos recursos do PNAE nas mesorregiões paraenses no período de 2011 a 2019. Foi utilizada a abordagem qualitativa, com a utilização de método descritivo, e quantitativa, com o emprego de estatística descritiva e regressão simples para análise do número de alunos e escolas atendidos e os valores repassados por mesorregião e destinados para aquisição da agricultura familiar, a partir de informações obtidas do Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação (FNDE), do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (Inep) e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Os resultados mostraram que houve redução do número de escolas e matrículas de escolas públicas, bem como estagnação dos valores repassados no período. As mesorregiões com maior PIB não necessariamente foram as que mais aplicaram os recursos do PNAE nas aquisições da agricultura familiar. Um resultado positivo foi o aumento dessas aquisições, levando ao alcance do percentual de 30% por todas as mesorregiões paraenses no último ano analisado.
Effects of Land Preparation Method and Organic Soil Amendment on Soil Properties, Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays)
Authors: Kemboi Victor Kiptoo , Masinde Peter , Mworia Eric , Mworia John , Kirigiah Richard Murithi
Published: April 2024

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important food crop popular in Kenya and its production has a direct influence to nutrition and economic security. The high demand for this food crop has resulted to innovation of new farming practices to increase its production. Therefore, this experiment was set up at Meru University Demonstration Farm in randomized complete block (RCBD) split plot design during June - October 2022 (S1) and November - March 2023 (S2). Two land preparation methods were used conservational and conventional (CA and CT). The organic amendments were 2.5 t ha-1 BSF, 5.5 t ha-1 BSF, 8.5 t ha-1 BSF, 2.5 t ha-1 BSF + Biochar, 5.5 t ha-1 BSF + Biochar, 2.5 t ha-1 BSF + Trichoderma 125 g ha-1, 5.5 t ha-1 BSF + Trichoderma 125 g ha-1, 5 t ha-1 FYM, 100 kg              N ha-1 DAP and control. Data collected was on soil bulk density, soil moisture, vegetative growth and yields. There was significance (p<0.05) difference between the two land preparation method on soil moisture retention. Organic amendments influenced the soil moisture retention and soil bulk density reduction significantly (p<0.05). Plots with 8.5 t ha-1 BSF and 100 kg N ha-1 DAP increased the vegetative growth by 37%, application of Trichoderma increased the vegetative growth by 7%. CA increased the vegetative growth by 6% and 4% as compared to CT.  8.5 t ha-1 BSF increased the vegetative growth by 21% and 19%.  CA increased the yields by 6% in S1 and 14% in S2 compared to CT. Trichoderma increased the yields of maize by 12% and 11%. Increase in maize yield and vegetative growth is due to increased soil moisture condition in CA. Addition of BSF manure and biochar improved the soil moisture retention, reduced soil bulk density and improvement in soil nutrient content which led to an increase in growth and yield.
Fire Prediction Analysis Based on Ensemble Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Sreevidya Nelli , Akshaya K. , Hamza Md. , Pranay T.
Published: April 2024

A fire accident is the most tragic incident in human life. Particularly environmental hazards such as forest fires lead loss of wildlife, economy, wealth, human lives and pollution. our research purpose of predict the occurrence of fire incidents using ensemble machine learning models. The goal is to develop an accurate and reliable model that can forecast the occurrence of forest fires based on various environmental factors. The best performance is obtained by the ensemble machine learning model for this work. Comparative study of individual model and ensemble model. If you check all models Decision tree predicts 75.4%, the Random Forest tree predicts 83.2%, the Support Vector Machine predicts 71.8%, and the K nearest neighbour predicts 82.1%. Ensemble models with two combinations of decision tree and random forest tree predicts accuracy is 80.8%. Support vector machine and KNN predicts the accuracy rate is 73.4%. The individual model predicts more accuracy compared to ensemble learning model.
Assessing the Health of Dachigam Stream: A Water Quality Analysis
Authors: Chashoo Hafsa Farooq , Abubakr Adnan , Malik Monisa , Bhat Farooz Ahmad , Bhat Bilal Ahmad , Khan Irfan Ahmad , Tariq Shazia , Hanief Farah
Published: April 2024

As global populations rise and climate change impacts water cycles, the importance of water resources becomes increasingly critical for human sustenance. Streams, characterized by their unidirectional flow, are valuable systems for studying ecological phenomena across spatial and temporal scales. Maintaining good water quality is crucial for preserving biodiversity and ensuring individual and public health, environmental protection, and sustainable development. Analyzing water chemistry is a valuable tool for monitoring stream health, offering insights into pollutant levels and potential issues. This study assesses the spatiotemporal changes in water quality in the Dachigam stream in Kashmir, India. Data on various water quality parameters were collected over a year at six different sampling locations within the Dachigam National Park and surrounding areas up to the mouth of Dal lake. Parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, and nutrient concentrations were analyzed to evaluate stream health and identify potential sources of pollution. Results revealed significant spatiotemporal variability was evident in the sampled parameters, revealing notable differences in element concentrations across various sites. There was an observable trend of increasing concentrations from upstream to downstream locations. The observed escalation in pollution levels from upstream to downstream sites underscores heightened anthropogenic impacts in the downstream regions.
Influence of Sulphur and Boron on Growth and Yield of Zaid Sunflower
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Raj Saurabh , Kumari Asmita , Singh Sachin Kumar , Singh Hariom Saran
Published: April 2024

A field experiment was conducted during Zaid (summer) season of 2023 at Crop Research Farm Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments which are replicated thrice on the basis of one year experimentation. The treatment consisted of 3 levels of sulphur (20 kg/ha, 40 kg/ha and 60 kg/ha) and boron (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) along with recommended dose of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and control (60:45:45 NPK kg/ha), this experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with 10 treatment and replications thrice application sulphur The application of Sulphur - 60 kg/ha + Boron-1.5% (Treatment 9) recorded significantly maximum number of flowers per plant (3.00), seeds/capitulum (308.00), test weight (50.87 g), seed yield (1111.20 kg/ha), stover yield (3126.90 kg/ha), harvest index (26.23%) was obtained in the treatment of sulphur-60 kg/ha Boron-1.5%. It was concluded that for obtaining higher yield components with better quality of Sunflower application of Sulphur – 60 kg/ha + Boron – 1.5% was recommended.
Typology Study of Human Development Index of Selected Cities in Bali, Indonesia during 2010-2021
Authors: Romanisti Elisabeth Gaisca Nesta , Winarti Asih Sri
Published: April 2024

According to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Human Development Index (HDI) is a process of empowerment that enhances the basic capabilities of individuals to participate in the development process. As a tourist city, Bali has the potential to develop this area. The HDI can be used to evaluate the success of improving the community's quality of life. According to the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), Bali ranks among Indonesia's top 5 provinces with the highest HDI. This study aims to identify the typology of the HDI of districts/cities in Bali from 2010 to 2021 and analyze the influence of credit distribution growth, tourism sector gross regional domestic product (GRDP), minimum wage, and economic development on the HDI of districts/cities in Bali from 2010 to 2021. BPS and the Financial Services Authority (OJK) data were analyzed using panel data regression methods. The study results show one district/city with a high HDI and credit distribution growth and four districts/cities with a high HDI and minimum wage. The study also found that credit distribution growth and economic growth had no significant effect on the HDI of districts/cities in Bali from 2010 to 2021, while the tourism sector GRDP and minimum wage had a significant effect on the HDI of districts/cities in Bali from 2010 to 2021.
Response: Most people who think that they are likely to enter psychotherapy also think it is plausible that they could have forgotten their own memories of childhood sexual abuse
Authors: Rubin David C. , Berntsen Dorthe
Published: December 2008

Pezdek and Blandon‐Gitlin (2008) found that 25% of their participants reported as plausible or very plausible that they themselves could have been a victim of childhood sexual abuse without being able to remember it. In addition, they found that the 25% figure increased to 61% for participants who reported that they were likely at some point in their life to seek psychotherapy. Given past work showing that it is easier to implant a false memory for plausible events, and counter to Pezdek and Blandon‐Gitlin's conclusions, these data point to a substantial danger of implanting false memories of childhood sexual abuse during therapy in many people and in most people who are likely to go into therapy. Theoretical issues regarding plausibility are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cover Picture: Generation of Monodisperse Mesoporous Silica Microspheres with Controllable Size and Surface Morphology in a Microfluidic Device (Adv. Funct. Mater. 24/2008)
Authors: Lee Inho , Yoo Yeonshick , Cheng Zhengdong , Jeong Hae‐Kwon
Published: December 2008

A one‐step in situ method, termed microfluidic diffusion‐induced self‐assembly, for the synthesis of monodisperse ordered mesoporous silica microspheres, is reported. The method combines microfluidic generation of uniform droplets and subsequent in situ rapid solvent diffusion‐induced self‐assembly within the microfluidic channel. The mesoporous silica microspheres prepared in this way reveal well‐ordered 2D hexagonal mesostructures with unprecedented corrugated surface morphology of disordered mesopores that are larger than 15 nm. It is speculated that the formation of an interfacial subphase and rapid diffusion of solvent to oil are attributed to the formation of the unique surface morphology. It is also shown that the surface morphology and the particle size of the mesoporous silica microspheres can be systematically controlled by adjusting fluidic conditions.
Enzymatic Incorporation of Emissive Pyrimidine Ribonucleotides
Authors: Srivatsan Seergazhi G. , Tor Yitzhak
Published: December 2008

Making an emission: T7 RNA polymerase incorporates a series of thiophene‐modified uridine triphosphate (UTP) analogues to generate emissive RNA transcripts. Labeling experiments suggested that the enzyme frequently pauses at the incorporation position and, when incorporation does take place, T7 RNA polymerase fails to elongate the modified oligonucleotides and yields aborted transcripts. TPs=triphosphates.

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The enzymatic incorporation of a series of emissive pyrimidine analogues into RNA oligonucleotides is explored. T7 RNA polymerase is challenged with accepting three non‐natural, yet related, triphosphates as substrates and incorporating them into diverse RNA transcripts. The three ribonucloside triphosphates differ only in the modification of their uracil nucleus and include a thieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidine nucleoside, a thieno[3,4‐d]pyrimidine derivative, and a uridine containing a thiophene ring conjugated at its 5‐position. All thiophene‐containing uridine triphosphates (UTPs) get incorporated into RNA oligonucleotides at positions that are remote to the promoter, although the yields of the transcripts vary compared with the transcript obtained with only native triphosphates. Among the three derivatives, the 5‐modified UTP is found to be the most “polymerase‐friendly” and is well accommodated by T7 RNA polymerase. Although the fused thiophene analogues cannot be incorporated next to the promoter region, the 5‐modified non‐natural UTP gets incorporated near the promoter (albeit in relatively low yields) and even in multiple copies. Labeling experiments shed light on the mediocre incorporation of the fused analogues, suggesting the enzyme frequently pauses at the incorporation position. When incorporation does take place, the enzyme fails to elongate the modified oligonucleotide and yields aborted transcripts. Taken together, these results highlight the versatility and robustness, as well as the scope and limitation, of T7 RNA polymerase in accepting and incorporating reporter nucleotides into modified RNA transcripts.
Neural stem cells: Mechanisms of fate specification and nuclear reprogramming in regenerative medicine
Authors: Lederer Carsten W. , Santama Niovi
Published: December 2008

Recently, intense interest in the potential use of neural stem cells (NSC) in the clinical therapy of brain disease and injury has resulted in rapid progress in research on the properties of NSC, their innate and directed differentiation potential and the induced reprogramming of differentiated somatic cells to revert to a pluripotent NSC‐like state. The aim of this review is to give an overview of our current operational definitions of the NSC lineage, the growing understanding of extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms, including heritable but reversible epigenetic chromatin modifications that regulate the maintenance and differentiation of NSC in vivo, and to emphasize ground‐breaking efforts of cellular reprogramming with the view to generating patient‐specific stem cells for cell replacement therapy. This is set against a summary of current practical procedures for the isolation, research and application of NSC, and of the state of the art in NSC‐based regenerative medicine of the nervous system. Both provide the backdrop for the translation of recent findings into innovative clinical applications, with the hope of increasing the safety, efficiency and ethical acceptability of NSC‐based therapies in the near future.
Moving minds: Ethical aspects of neural motor prostheses
Authors: Clausen Jens
Published: December 2008

Modern brain technology is a highly dynamic and innovative field of research with great potential for medical applications. Recent advances in recording neural signals from the brain by brain‐machine interfacing presage new therapeutic options for paralyzed people by means of neural motor prostheses. This paper examines foreseeable ethical questions related to the research on brainmachine interfaces and their possible future applications. It identifies four major topics that need to be considered: first, the questions of personality and its possible alterations; second, responsibility and its possible constraints; third, therapeutic applications and their possible exceedance; and fourth, questions of research ethics that arise when progressing from animal experimentation to application to human subjects. This paper, in identifying and addressing the ethical questions raised by brain‐machine interfaces, presents concerns that need to be considered if possible prosthetics based on modern brain technology are to be used cautiously and responsibly.
Deconstructing and reconstructing disciplinary boundaries: Between synthetic biology, taxonomy, intellectual property and society
Authors: Hentrich Christian
Published: December 2008

The European Science and Society Summer School (E4S) 2008
Welternährung im 21. Jahrhundert. Eine umfassende Herausforderung (Teil 2)
Authors: Krawinkel Michael , Keding Gudrun B. , Chavez‐Zander Ursula , Jordan Irmgard , Habte Tzige‐Yohannes
Published: December 2008

Die globale Ernährungssicherung im 21. Jahrhundert muss nicht zu einem unlösbaren Problem werden. Neben Veränderungen in der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion sollte die Gewährleistung der Nahrungsmittelverfügbarkeit im Vordergrund stehen. Oberstes Ziel muss es sein, den Ernährungsmangel zu überwinden und eine gesundheitsförderlichere Ernährung für alle Menschen anzustreben. Die größten Hindernisse auf dem Weg zur Sicherung der Welternährung liegen im Bereich der globalen wirtschaftlichen Beziehungen. Die natürlichen Ressourcen wären auch bei zunehmender Weltbevölkerung ausreichend, wenn sie zum Wohl der Verbraucher und unter dem Schutz der Umwelt genutzt werden.
Warum Männer früher sterben. Das riskante Leben des vermeintlich starken Geschlechts
Authors: Merbach Martin , Brähler Elmar , Goldschmidt Susanne
Published: December 2008

Der vorliegende Beitrag liefert einen Überblick zur Mortalität von Männern anhand von epidemiologischen Daten. Neben geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschieden wurden regionale und altersbezogene Informationen berücksichtigt. Insgesamt belegen die Daten, dass Männer im Vergleich zu Frauen eine deutlich geringere Lebenserwartung haben, die auf verschiedene Ursachen zurückzuführen ist. So weisen Männer bei somatischen Erkrankungen eine höhere Mortalität auf und dominieren bei gesundheitsschädigenden, riskanten Verhaltensweisen (Rauch‐, Trink‐, Ernährungsgewohnheiten, Verhalten im Straßenverkehr sowie geringe Inanspruchnahme von Vorsorgeuntersuchungen etc.). Dazu werden verschiedene Erklärungsansätze dargestellt und diskutiert.
So wurden die Plattfische platt
Authors: Kronberg Inge
Published: December 2008

Die meisten Plattfische (Ordnung Pleuronectiformes) einschließlich der beliebten Speisefische Seezunge, Scholle, Flunder und Steinbutt zeichnen sich durch eine ungewöhnliche Asymmetrie des Körpers aus: Sie haben keine linke und rechte, sondern eine obere und untere Körperseite. Beide Augen liegen auf der oberen, dunkel gefärbten “Augenseite”, dem Boden zugewandt ist die helle “Blindseite”. Die ontogenetische Entwicklung von Plattfischen ist gut dokumentiert, jetzt konnte anhand von Fossilfunden auch die phylogenetische Entwicklung rekonstruiert werden.
Viren regulieren die Biomasse im Ozean
Authors: Brennicke Axel
Published: December 2008

Viren sind die häufigsten Organismen in den Ozeanen unseres Planeten. Man schätzt, dass sich etwa zehnmal mehr Viren als Bakterien in den Meeren herumtreiben. Eine neue Untersuchung zeigt nun, dass Viren eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Ablagerung von Biomasse spielen. Besonders für das Ökosystem in der Tiefsee ist das Absterben von Organismen in höheren Wasserschichten durch Virusinfektionen wichtig.
Schulbiologie im Umbruch
Authors: Bohn Matthias
Published: December 2008

“PISA‐Schock” und “Bologna‐Prozess” haben die Schul‐ und Hochschulreformer auf Trab gebracht. Dabei ging und geht jedes der sechzehn Bundesländer seinen ganz eigenen Weg – und bedingt durch Wahlkämpfe und Regierungsbildungen wohl auch so manchen Umweg.

Noch zeichnen sich die Auswirkungen der Reformen auf die Schulbiologie nur in Umrissen ab. Der Arbeitskreis Schulbiologie des VBIO hat den aktuellen Sachstand zusammengetragen.
Nachrichten des Verbandes Biologie, Biowissenschaften & Biomedizin in Deutschland
Authors: Bohn Matthias
Published: December 2008

Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft

Taxonomie‐Initiative

Ausbildung und Karriere

AK Schulbiologie

BIOTECHNICA 2008

Aus den Landesverbänden

KvF‐Preisträger 2008

Vorlesungsprogramm des LV Berlin/Brandenburg

Und sonst...

Neuer Beirat

Wieder lieferbar: “Perspektiven”
Nikolaj Ivanoviĉ Vavilov
Authors: Karl Hans‐Volker
Published: December 2008

Vavilov war einer der bedeutendsten Biologen der ersten Hälfte des vergangenen Jahrhunderts. Er begründete beispielsweise die Theorie von den geografischen Genzentren der Kulturpflanzen und das Gesetz der homologen Reihen, welche auch im heutigen Biologieunterricht eine Rolle spielen.