bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Three Different Plant Extracts Used as Irrigant in Removal of Smear Layer: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study
Authors: Gupta A , Goyal V , Duhan J , Hans S , Sangwan P
Published: July 2019

Aim

In the present study, the role of three plant extracts as irrigant in root canal cleaning after instrumentation was evaluated. The effect of Syzygium aromaticum (S. Aromaticum), Ocimum sanctum (O. Sanctum) and Cinnamomum zeylanicum (C. zeylanicum) plant extracts was evaluated in smear layer removal.

Methods

The study was divided into different groups having 5 teeth each using various irrigating agents to evaluate smear layer removal. Group A: O. Sanctum extract; group A1: O. Sanctum extract with EDTA, group B: S. Aromaticum extract; group B1 S. Aromaticum extract with EDTA, group C: C. zeylanicum extract; group C1 C. zeylanicum extract with EDTA and two control group of 5 teeth each in group D: 3% NaOCl; group D1 3% NaOCl with EDTA (as positive control) and group E: Distilled water (as negative control); group E1 3% Distilled water with EDTA. Each tooth was split longitudinally and prepared for examination by scanning electron microscopy.

Results

The herbal extracts were effective in cleaning root canal walls when combine with EDTA with maximum activity of S. Aromaticum extract with EDTA group.

Conclusion

Under the condition of present study the three herbal plant extracts were ineffective in removal of smear layer when used alone.
Dental Caries Experience Among Pre-School Children Of Udupi Taluk, Karnataka, India
Authors: Singhal DK , Acharya S , Thakur AS
Published: July 2019

Aim

To determine the dental caries experience of pre-school children attending anganwadi and day care centre in Udupi Taluk.

Materials and Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 825 pre-school children attending Anganwadi and day care centers in Udupi Taluk. Dental caries was assessed using Dentition status and treatment needs (WHO, 1997). Data was analyzed using SPSS 16.0 with significance level at P value < 0.05. Chi-square test was used to find out the significant differences. Level of significance was taken

Results

Dental caries experience was significantly higher among anganwadi children (3.74±3.58) as compared to day care children (3.26±3.32). The prevalence of dental caries was 64.2% among anganwadi children and 61.0% among day care children. Girls had slightly higher mean deft score, mean number of decayed teeth, filled teeth and lower missing teeth as compared to boys.

Conclusion

High caries experience in this study revealed that there is a great need to plan and conduct oral health promotion initiatives and treatment activities for preschool children. The oral health education at initial stages would help in improving preventive dental behavior and attitude which is beneficial for lifelong.
Socio-Demographic Determinants Of Utilization Of Dental Services Among Secondary School Students
Authors: Enabulele JE , Chukwumah NM
Published: July 2019

Objective

This study evaluated the socio demographic determinants of utilization of dental services among secondary school students.

Method

A cross-sectional study of secondary school students attending schools in the immediate vicinity of a tertiary health facility that provides dental services. The analysis was done using frequency distribution, logistic regression, cross tabulations and test of significance with chi square. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

A total of 741 students participated in the study with 207 (27.9%) reporting dental visits mainly when they had dental problems. There was statistically significant association between the type of student, class and utilization of oral health services. Logistic regression showed no socio demographic factor was predictive of utilization of oral health services.

Conclusion

Although knowledge of who a dentist is was high, utilization of dental services was poor with no socio demographic factor being a predictor of utilization of dental services.
Dentition Status, Periodontal Status, Dentofacial Anomalies and Treatment Needs Among Differently Abled Children in Chennai
Authors: Chaly Preetha Elizabeth , Srinidhi S , Vaishnavi S , Shalini P , Priyadarshni V Indra
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

Oral health is an important aspect of health for all children, and is more important for children with special health needs.

AIM

The study was done to assess the dentition status, periodontal status, dentofacial anomalies and treatment needs of differently abled children attending special schools in Chennai.

MATERIALS AND METHOD

A cross sectional study was conducted among 6 - 18 year old hearing and speech impaired children and visually impaired children in Chennai. A cluster sampling methodology was followed for the selection of study subjects. The final sample size for the study was 624 hearing and speech impaired children and 506 visually impaired children. The data was collected using WHO Assessment Form (WHO 1997) modified. Statistical analysis was done using Pearson chi-square test and Student t test.

RESULTS

Overall mean dmft/DMFT among differently abled children was (0.58+1.46)/ (0.50+0.93). Dental caries experience was more among hearing and speech impaired children with mean dmft/DMFT being (0.67+1.44) / (0.52+0.95) and it was statistically significant(P<0.05) with visually impaired children in case of dmft. Overall mean DAI was (22.3+5.4)) and malocclusion was predominant among visually impaired children compared to hearing and speech impaired children and it was statistically significant (P<0.001) The periodontal conditions were poorer among visually impaired children with most of them having calculus and it was statistically significant (P<0.05) compared to hearing and speech impaired children. Traumatic injuries were seen more among visually impaired children compared to hearing and speech impaired children and it was statistically very highly significant (P<0.001). Hearing and speech impaired children needed more treatment than the visually impaired children with majority of them needing restorations.

CONCLUSION

It can be concluded from the study that even though the oral health status and treatment needs of differently abled children is not alarming, a prevention based intervention program directed especially towards dental caries and periodontal health is recommended for these special groups for a better productive life in future.
Predictors Of Dental Disease Among Youth Incarcerated At A Toronto-Area Youth Centre
Authors: Van Harten MT , Lawrence HP , Quiñonez C , Goodman D
Published: July 2019

Canadian correctional institutions provide dental services to a vulnerable cohort ofyoung people: incarcerated youth. Published data on the oral health of thiscohortis not available.

Objective

To determine the oral health status of youth in a closed-custody facility in a large Canadian centre

Methods

A cross-sectional study of youth incarcerated ata Toronto-area facility was conducted from September 2010 till July 2011. Participants completed a survey on social, correctional and oral health histories, and underwent oral examination.

Results

Of 101adolescent participants, 81.2% had permanent teeth affected by tooth decay. In this group, an average of 4.39 teeth were affected and. the proportion of decayed teeth was 0.51. Race, custody history and case status were predictors of poor oral health.

CONCLUSIONS

By quantifying the need for oral health services and by identifying variables associated with greater dental disease, these findings may assist health care providers in youth correctional facilities with their program planning for their high-needs wards.
Tympanostomy Tube Selection: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Sandra Ho , Kay David J
Published: July 2019

Tympanostomy tube (TT) insertion for ventilation of the middle ear is one of most commonly performed procedures in the United States. Indications for tube insertion include otitis media with effusion, recurrent acute otitis media, hearing loss caused by middle ear effusion and persistent acute otitis media. In general, TTs are divided into two categories, short-term tubes and long-term tubes. Depending on the indications for tube placement and surgeon experience with the TT, different tubes can be used. A myriad of tubes have been created since their first documented use in 1845 in attempts to provide better middle ear ventilation, improve ease of placement and prevent complications, such as post-tube otorrhea, persistent perforation and tube occlusion. In order for a tube to be effective, it should be biocompatible with the middle ear to minimize a foreign body reaction. Teflon and silicone remain two of the most commonly used materials in TTs. In addition, the tube design also plays a role for insertion and retention times of TTs. Lastly, TTs can also be coated with various substances, such as silver-oxide, phosphorylcholine and more recently, antibiotics and albumin, in order to prevent biofilm formation and decrease the rate of post-TT otorrhea. Persistent middle ear effusion affects many children each year and can impact their quality of life as well as hearing and language development. With nearly 1 out of every 15 children by the age of 3 years receiving TTs, it is imperative that the right tube be chosen to facilitate optimal ventilation of the middle ear while minimizing complications.

How to cite this article

Ho S, Kay DJ. Tympanostomy Tube Selection: A Review of the Evidence. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(1):17-22.
Polyp within the Center of a Vocal Fold Sulcus: A Proposed Pathophysiologic Construct
Authors: Mor Niv , Hernandez-Prera Juan C , Tang Christopher , Blitzer Andrew
Published: July 2019

Objective

We noted unusual cases of vocal fold polyps originating from the center of vocal sulci and propose a possible etiology for the development of these lesions.

Materials and methods

Three patients presented to our office with acute onset dysphonia. Intraoperative examination revealed vocal polyps originating from the center of vocal sulci. Lesions were treated with microflap excisions and were sent for histopathologic analysis.

Results

Pathology of the excised lesions showed a parakeratotic squamous epithelium with mild inflammation and with dilated vascularity suggesting an acute or subacute process. Patients had voice improvement without recurrence of the vocal-polyp or sulcus following surgical excision.

Conclusion

We speculate that the observed lesions result from phonotrauma to congenital sulci and propose that partial prolapse of the epithelium is responsible for the formation of the observed vocal polyps.

How to cite this article

Mor N, Hernandez-Prera JC, Tang C, Blitzer A. Polyp within the Center of a Vocal Fold Sulcus: A Proposed Pathophysiologic Construct. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(1):47-50.
Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder involving the Larynx
Authors: Kohli Nikita , Wasserman Jared M
Published: July 2019

Aim:

Our goal is to present an unusual case of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) involving the larynx. We aim to expand the literature regarding head and neck manifestations involving PTLD and for otolaryngologists to include PTLD in their differential diagnosis of laryngeal lesions in patients who have a history of solid organ transplantation.

Background

Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder occurs in immunocompromised patients following solid organ transplantation. Head and neck manifestations most commonly involve Waldeyer's ring with the larynx and trachea being relatively uncommon sites of disease. However, lesions of the larynx can cause acute airway obstruction and rare fatalities have been reported in the literature.

Case report

We present the case of a 51-year-old female with a history of renal transplantation, who presented to the office after an incidental supraglottic lesion was discovered during intubation for cochlear implant placement. A mucosalized lesion arising from the right aryepiglottic fold with dynamic obstruction of the airway was noted on office endoscopic examination. Imaging revealed extension of the mass into the right posterolateral hypopharynx. The patient was taken to the operating room for microdirect laryngoscopy and CO2 laser excision of the mass. The lesion was excised with negative gross margins. Final pathology revealed plasmacytoma-like PTLD and the patient was referred back to her transplant team for modulation of her immunosuppressive therapy.

Conclusion

We present the case of an incidental supraglottic lesion in a posttransplant patient. Special emphasis should be given to the tissues of Waldeyer's ring and larynx.

Clinical significance

Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder, while rare, should be kept in the differential diagnosis of pharyngeal and airway lesions in patients with a history of solid organ transplantation. Expansile lesions can cause acute airway obstruction. Urgent evaluation and treatment of theses lesions is necessary in these circumstances.

How to cite this article

Kohli N, Wasserman JM. Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder involving the Larynx. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(1):53-56.
Hoarseness in Children
Authors: Worthen Mary , Chandran Swapna
Published: July 2019

Background

The prevalence of pediatric dysphonia ranges from 6-23%. Chronic dysphonia can negatively affect the lives of children physically, socially, and emotionally. The body of literature continues to grow regarding the pathophysiology and management of dysphonic children.

Methods

This article presents a relevant literature review of vocal fold pathology leading to hoarseness and recent advances in diagnosis and management. Articles were retrieved using a selective search in PubMed employing the terms such as “hoarseness in children,” “pediatric dysphonia.”

Results

42 articles from the past decade were reviewed that include information regarding the etiology, assessment, and treatment of children with dysphonia.

Conclusion

The care of a child with a voice disorder can be complex and requires a multi-disciplinary approach. Current technological, pharmaceutical, and therapeutic advances have improved the treatment of children with dysphonia.

How to cite this article

Worthen M, Chandran S. Hoarseness in Children. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(2):130-135.
Computed Tomography Evaluation of Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers
Authors: Varma Ravi , Tibrewala Sunita , Roplekar Sudeep
Published: July 2019

Cross-sectional imaging plays a vital role in the diagnostic evaluation of oral and oropharyngeal cancers. This article discusses important technical issues related to CT scan examination, cross-sectional anatomy, patterns of tumor spread and role of imaging in pretreatment staging and post-treatment surveillance.

How to cite this article

Tibrewala S, Roplekar S, Varma R. Computed Tomography Evaluation of Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013; 5(2):51-62.
Macroglossia Secondary to Primary Amyloidosis of the Tongue
Authors: Nair Arun B , Nayar Ravi C
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Amyloidosis is a disease entity characterized by the presence of proteinaceous material deposited extracellularly at various locations in the body and in the head and neck region.

Materials and methods

We present a case of macroglossia secondary to amyloidosis of the tongue in a 65-year-old male. He presented with gradually progressive diffuse enlargement of the tongue, difficulty in speech and progressive difficulty in breathing while sleeping. Patient was managed conservatively with steroids and alkylating agents.

Discussion

The most common sites of involvement in systemic amyloidosis are the tongue (63%) and the larynx (19%). Although lingual involvement is common, macroglossia as a presenting symptom, though pathognomonic is rare (5%). Amyloidosis of the tongue typically results in macroglossia, manifested by increased tongue volume, tongue protrusion beyond the alveolar ridge, speech impairment, drooling and dysphagia.

Conclusion

Amyloidosis of the tongue is almost always secondary to systemic disease. An extensive workup is required to differentiate between systemic and localized amyloidosis. The effect of treatment is difficult to estimate, and further research needs to be focused on this aspect. These obstacles can make the diagnosis and management of these lesions particularly challenging.

How to cite this article

Vamanshankar H, Nair AB, Correa M, Nayar RC. Macroglossia Secondary to Primary Amyloidosis of the Tongue. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(2):94-97.
Schwannoma of Tonsillolingual Sulcus: First Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Verma Hitesh , Punia RPS
Published: July 2019

Schwannoma is a benign, encapsulated tumor that is derived from schwann's cells. The most common site is parapharyngeal space of the neck; oropharyngeal occurrence is extremely rare. Fourteen year male boy presented with a history of difficulty in swallowing, more for solids for the last 8 months. The patient also had a change of voice for the last 5 months and was muffled in character. Examination showed single lobulated mass having smooth surface, of the size of approximately 5 × 4 cm and was arising from the tonsillolingual sulcus. The fine needle aspiration cytology from the lesion, reported to be schwannoma. The mass was excised completely under general anesthesia with the help of bipolar cautery. We report first case of schwannoma of tonsillolingual sulcus and also review the literature of the rare entity.

How to cite this article

Verma H, Dass A, Punia RPS. Schwannoma of Tonsillolingual Sulcus: First Case Report and Review of Literature. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(2): 98-99.
Congenital Heminasal Hypoplasia with an Intranasal Cyst and Its Management by Subnasal Rotation Flap
Authors: Devasamudra Chidananda Ramappa , Sagar Niveditha J , Jayaraju Rijo M
Published: July 2019

Various congenital nasal deformities can occur because of the complexities of the developmental process. These conditions range from partial deformities of the nose (such as isolated absence of the nasal bones, absence of columella, absence of the septal cartilage, and absence of vomeral bone) to complete absence of the nose. Congenital heminasal hypoplasia is an extremely rare defect of embryogenesis. We present a case of 25-year-old lady with congenital heminasal hypoplasia associated with intranasal cyst. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed gross septal deviation to left, rudiment left lateral wall of the nose, rudiment left external nasal framework, and intranasal cyst. Functional septorhinoplasty was done with subnasal rotation flap technique to gain airway on both sides of the nose.

How to cite this article

Devasamudra CR, Sagar NJ, Jayaraju RM. Congenital Heminasal Hypoplasia with an Intranasal Cyst and Its Management by Subnasal Rotation Flap. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(2):56-59.
Lethal Midline Granuloma: A Diagnostc Dilemma
Authors: Singh Ishwar , Mittal Pankhuri
Published: July 2019

Lethal midline granuloma (Stewart's syndrome, midline reticulosis) earlier was a name given to all progressive destructive lesions involving the nose, paranasal sinuses, hard palate, face, orbit, and upper airway. With the advent of immunohistochemistry, it is evident that it comprises a heterogenous group of disorders including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Wegener's granulomatosis, and various granulomatous conditions which can often be encountered with dilemma of diagnosis.

How to cite this article

Mittal P, Singh I, Gupta D. Lethal Midline Granuloma: A Diagnostc Dilemma. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(2):60-61.
Disseminated Cutaneous Rhinosporidiosis: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Joshi Ankita , Ray Chinmaya S , Khatua Rabindra K
Published: July 2019

Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disorder caused byRhinosporidium seeberi. It usually presents as a soft polypoidal pedunculated or sessile mass. Nose and nasopharynx are the commonly affected sites, but other sites, such as conjunctiva, the lips, palate, uvula, maxillary antrum, epiglottis, larynx, trachea, bronchus, ear, scalp, vulva, vagina, penis, and rectum, have been reported. However, cutaneous manifestation is rare. We report such a case of a 50-year-old male patient from rural south Odisha presenting to the ENT Department of SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, with multiple granulomatous growths of different sizes all over the body, along with a nasal mass, of 2½-year duration. He also gives history of a surgery on his nose 3 year back. Histopathology of the excised cutaneous and nasal lesions confirmed our diagnosis as rhinosporidiosis. On the basis of these clinical and histopathological findings, a diagnosis of nasal rhinosporidiosis with disseminated cutaneous spread was made.

How to cite this article

Ray CS, Joshi A, Khatua RK. Disseminated Cutaneous Rhinosporidiosis: A Rare Case Report. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(2):72-74.
Ethmoidal Mucocele: Simple Modern Management of Ophthalmic Manifestation
Authors: Minhas Ravindra
Published: July 2019

A mucocele of paranasal sinus is an accumulation of mucoid secretion and desquamated epithelium within the sinus with distention of its walls. It is considered as a cyst-like expansile and destructive lesion. If the cyst invades the adjacent orbit and continues to expand within the orbital cavity, the mass may present the behavior of many benign growths primarily in the orbit.

Frontoethmoidal area is more susceptible to mucocele formation due to complexity of its drainage as compared to other sinuses. Frontoethmoidal mucocele usually presents with outward and downward displacement of orbital globe and is associated with palpable mass in the superionasal and medial canthal region.

In this case report, a 55-year-old woman presented with complaint of painless swelling, protrusion, and deviation of the right eye since 1 year. High resolution computed tomogram (HRCT) showed a well-defined lesion in the anterior ethmoidal region with marked thinning of lamina papyracea. Endoscopic marsupialization with frontoethmoidectomy was performed.

How to cite this article

Gupta R, Minhas R. Ethmoidal Mucocele: Simple Modern Management of Ophthalmic Manifestation. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(2):75-77.
Giant Frontal Sinus Osteoma with Orbital Extension: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Singh Hitendra Prakash , Agarwal Satya P , Usmani Shahab A
Published: July 2019

Aim

The authors hereby present a case of giant frontal osteoma, i.e., not so rare but in the present case, the size and orbital involvement of this tumor make it a unique case.

Introduction

Paranasal sinus osteoma most commonly presents in frontal sinuses. Their growth is slow, and patients usually seek physician's advice only for cosmetic reasons.

Case description

A 20-year-old male presented to us with the complaint of swelling over forehead and medial side of left eye for last 1 year. After investigations, he was diagnosed with frontal osteoma, which was excised en bloc using bicoronal approach. There was a dural tear and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak intraoperatively, which was managed using pericranial flap. He remained free of disease in 2 years of follow-up.

Conclusion

Frontal sinus osteomas are slow-growing bony tumors, which are amenable to complete cure provided adequate preoperative planning and meticulous surgical technique are used.

Clinical significance

This case highlights the need for outreach of tertiary care to remote areas where medical facilities are scarce. Patients usually visit the apex hospitals only when the disease has grown significantly. The authors also would like to reiterate that computed tomography (CT) scan is the best modality for the diagnosis of paranasal osteoma. Small dural tears, if encountered during removal of large osteomas, can be repaired using pericranial flap.

How to cite this article

Singh HP, Kumar S, Usmani SA, Agarwal SP. Giant Frontal Sinus Osteoma with Orbital Extension: Case Report and Review of Literature. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(2):78-81.
Vagal Nerve Schwannoma: Presentation of Two Case Reports
Authors: Gujrathi Atishkumar B , Ambulgekar Vijayalaxmi , Chavan Shrinivas
Published: July 2019

Vagal nerve schwannomas are rare neural sheath tumors. Although schwannomas are generally benign lesions, they are known to enlarge at a rate of 2.5 to 3 mm per year according to published reports. Vagal nerve schwannoma usually occurs between the 3rd and 5th decades of life, it does not show sex predilection, with both sexes being equally affected, and it most often presents as a painless, slow-growing, lateral neck mass. The treatment of choice is complete surgical excision with preservation of the neural pathway, when it is possible. These tumors, in fact, are almost always benign, and a conservative surgical approach is emphasized by most of the authors. Here, we are presenting two cases of cervical vagal schwannoma, both were middle aged females and presenting in the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) department as a painless lateral neck swelling and were operated by horizontal skin crease incision. Of the two cases, we succeeded to secure nerve functions in one case. The clinical features, diagnosis, management, and pathological findings of cervical vagal schwannoma are discussed.

How to cite this article

Gujrathi AB, Ambulgekar V, Chavan S. Vagal Nerve Schwannoma: Presentation of Two Case Reports. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(3):116-118.
Anesthesia for Laser Surgery of the Airway
Authors: Hemantkumar Indrani
Published: July 2019

Anesthesia for laser surgery carries a number of particular challenges and pitfalls. The airway is not only shared with the surgeon but also being operated upon. Personnel working inside the operating room must also be very aware of the benefits and dangers of medical lasers, and safety precautions must be taken to ensure their proper use. The anesthetist must have the knowledge and expertise to anesthetize a patient with a potentially compromised airway. This article deals with the anesthetic management of a patient presenting for laser surgery of the airway.

How to cite this article

Hemantkumar I. Anesthesia for Laser Surgery of the Airway. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2017;9(1):1-5.
Study of Evaluation of Causes of Male Infertility at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Umashankar KM , Cristy Ramya , Mukherjee Joyeeta , Banerjee SN , Seal BN , Drakshyani CL
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Worldwide 580 million males experience infertility at some point of time in their life; of these, 372 million reside in low- and middle-income countries. Male subfertility is one of the most rapidly growing fields in medicine, with dramatic advances and treatment. If a male infertility factor is present, it is almost always defined by the finding of an abnormal semen analysis, although other male factors may play a role even when the semen analysis is normal.

Aims

To classify the causes of male infertility at pre-testicular, testicular, and post-testicular levels.

Materials and methods

This study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in collaboration with the Department of Radio Diagnosis, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata.

Results

Pre-testicular cause was seen in 7% of patients. Erectile dysfunction is the commonest. In testicular causes, varicocele is the most common (29.6%), followed by idiopathic (25.9%) and trauma in 14.8%, and other causes, such as torsion, infective orchitis, and cryptorchism show a common incidence of 7.4%. In post-testicular, varity in 51.8% is due to ejaculatory duct obstruction and accessory gland dysfunction, and acquired hernia surgeries have a common incidence of 14.81%. The least common cause is epididymal asthenozoospermia.

Conclusion

In male infertility evaluation history and clinical examination, semen analysis is the common tool for all groups of patients. Pre-testicular male infertile is mainly due to consequences of primary or secondary dysfunction of endocrine or exocrine glands influencing the male reproductive axis. Testicular group of male infertility are due to varity of genetic, congenital, and acquired insults to the proper testicular function; post-testicular cause of infertility is due to pathology in the pathway of sperm passage; this is influenced by congenital and acquired defects and diseases respectively. The idiopathic group of patients needs further evaluation by use of advanced seminal tests like immunological tests, semen culture, special staining of the spermatozoa, sperm DNA integrity tests, appropriate genetic evaluation and. Evaluation of ultrastructural abnormalities of spermatozoa, for detection of defects in outer dense fibers, microtubules, mitochondria, connecting piece, and acrosome.

How to cite this article

Umashankar KM, Mukherjee J, Banerjee SN, Cristy R, Seal BN, Drakshyani CL. Study of Evaluation of Causes of Male Infertility at a Tertiary Care Hospital. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(2):113-122.
Modified Two-corner Raz Suspension Procedure for Cystocele Repair: A Novel Technique
Authors: Sharma Urmila , Agarwal Ritu , Goraniya Nilesh L , Choudhary Sumesh D , Bandwal Pradeep J , Tanvir Tanvir
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Prolapse of anterior vaginal wall is a common problem in both perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. In past 200 years, surgical management of cystocele has undergone many changes from Kelly's plication to mesh reinforcement but none of these procedures proved to be 100% effective. Modified two-corner Raz suspension procedure (MTCRSP) can be used for the treatment of POP-Q (pelvic organ prolapse quantification) stage II to IV anterior vaginal wall prolapse (AVP).

Objectives

To assess the effectiveness of modified two-corner Raz suspension procedure (MTCRSP) in long-term success for cystocele repair and its effect on quality of life.

Study design

A hospital-based prospective study.

Materials and methods

Twelve patients underwent modified two-corner Raz procedure and were followed postoperatively for a period of 1 year at regular intervals. During follow-up, we assessed the degree of prolapse by POP-Q, quality of life, and sexual dysfunction.

Results

Preoperatively, 3 out of 12 (25%) patients had stage II, five had (41.66%) stage III, and four (33.33%) had stage IV prolapse. Postoperatively, at 1 month follow-up, one (8.33%) patient developed stage II anterior wall prolapse, which progressed to stage IV prolapse at 3 months. Two more patients developed stage II prolapse at 3-month follow-up. Failure rate at the end of 1 year was 25% (3/12). Prolapse quality of life (PQOL) improved in 10 out of 12 (83.33%) patients. While PGII (patient global impression of improvement) score improved in 11 out of 12 (91.66%) women.

Conclusion

Modified two-corner Raz suspension procedure is an effective technique with long-term success in stage II and III prolapse but a limited success in stage IV AVP.

How to cite this article

Mishra VV, Goraniya NL, Choudhary SD, Sharma U, Bandwal PJ, Tanvir T, Agarwal R. Modified Two-corner Raz Suspension Procedure for Cystocele Repair: A Novel Technique. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(2):130-135.
Evaluation of Safety in Cesarean Myomectomy
Authors: Nambiar Sabnam S , Ajith S , Prabhu Vidya , George Beena
Published: July 2019

Objectives

Cesarean myomectomy (removal of fibroids during cesarean section) prevents an additional surgery, the cost, associated complications, and the physical and psychological trauma. However, there is risk of increased bleeding. Nevertheless, many centers practice it taking optimum precautions. The aim of our study was to compare cesarean myomectomy patients in those women who underwent cesarean section without fibroid removal for (a) blood loss, fall in hemoglobin, blood transfusion requirement; (b) intraoperative and postoperative complications; and (c) duration of hospitalization.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively studied medical records of cesarean sections done in our institution for women within the past 5 years. A total of 76 patients had documented fibroids, of whom 37 underwent concurrent myomectomy and 39 did not. Data were analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square test for categorical variables and student t test for continuous variables with threshold of significance p < 0.05.

Results

No significant difference was found in blood loss and intraoperative complications. A small increase was seen in febrile morbidity in myomectomy group, however, with no resultant increase in hospitalization.

Conclusion

Cesarean myomectomy does not cause increased morbidity. Moreover, it saves the mother an additional surgery of interval myomectomy provided proper selection of cases, adequate preoperative and intraoperative preparedness, and caution are taken into consideration.

How to cite this article

Nambiar SS, Ajith S, Prabhu V, George B. Evaluation of Safety in Cesarean Myomectomy. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(2):136-139.
Adverse Effects of Pollutants on Expectant Mothers— From Womb to Grave : A Retrospective Review
Authors: Saxena Richa , Jain Sonal
Published: July 2019

Aim

The present state-of-art study is an attempt to decipher how adversely the air pollution and its constituents affect the fate of a developing fetus. This involves a detailed study on criteria pollutant and its impact on various pregnancy outcomes, i.e., low birth weight, premature birth, intrauterine growth retardation, and reduction in fetus size.

Materials and methods

All the concerned research and review papers from the virtual dataset were segregated and have been studied specifically.

Results

In relevance to the specific pollutants, the particulate matter (PM) seems to be greatly responsible for causing neonatal deaths and high infant mortality rates, whereas the exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) reveals low-birth-weight fetus. Proceeding further, sulfur dioxide (SO2) greatly targets expectant mothers in the second and last trimesters of pregnancy, resulting in low-birth-weight fetuses. The impact of carbon monoxide (CO) during pregnancy was also studied and found to be responsible for structural malformations. Active and passive smoking both boost pregnancy complications in terms of ectopic pregnancy, low birth weight, and infant mortality.

Discussion

Very few studies have been reported that reveal the dependency of pollutant exposure and reproductive outcomes. One strong interpretation is not sufficient enough to meet the complexity related to plethora of information. Due to variation in the number of factors like spatial and temporal variation, maternal thresholds, period of pregnancy, period of exposure, etc., the extrapolation of result is multifaceted. Different epidemiological studies with different adaptation in methodology report diverse consequences.

Conclusion

The evidence is satisfactory enough to reveal that the most potent pollutant seems to be PM. The detailed biologic mechanism regarding how these pollutants find their way to placental membrane and disturb the fetal destiny is still vague. The review suggests that reproductive awareness programs should be initiated by the government and policy analysts should be done to lessen the increasing economic burden on human health.

How to cite this article

Saxena R, Jain S. Adverse Effects of Pollutants on Expectant Mothers—From Womb to Grave: A Retrospective Review. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(2):157-162.
Pregnancy Outcomes at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Karnataka, South India
Authors: Paneru Damaru P
Published: July 2019

Objectives

To identify the extent of adverse pregnancy outcomes and their distributions in a tertiary care hospital of the Karnataka, South India.

Materials and methods

A retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital of Belgaum, Karnataka, India. This is the largest multifacility referral center of the Belgaum, Karnataka. Relevant information was scrutinized from the delivery register using structured proforma. Permission was taken from hospital authority for the conduct of study. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. Percentage, mean, and standard deviation were calculated. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Totally, 1,840 pregnant women attended labor room during April to September 2012. About 4.46% pregnancies ended at abortion and 5% delivered stillbirths (SBs). Three-fifths of the pregnancies were vaginal deliveries. Almost four-fifths were emergency cesareans among all the cesareans sections. Mean weight of the newborns was 2674 ± 51.00 gm. Low birth weight (LBW) was observed among 27.90%. Eight live births had one or other forms of congenital anomaly. Significantly, large numbers of SBs and LBW babies were born to the high-risk mothers and premature deliveries. High-risk mothers had multifold (adjusted odds ratio, 10.40) risk of delivering SBs and nearly double-fold (1.80) risk of LBW as against low-risk mothers.

Conclusion

Almost one-third pregnancies resulted in adverse outcomes. Adverse outcomes could be reduced by acting on the causes of premature births and preventing the mothers from developing risk factors through effective antenatal and intrapartum care. Further research to identify the causes of premature delivery and their preventions is recommended.

How to cite this article

Paneru DP. Pregnancy Outcomes at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Karnataka, South India. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(3):193-197.
Iatrogenic Endometriosis and Intrauterine Adhesions after Myomectomy
Authors: Yousuf Farheen
Published: July 2019

Aims

To report a case of iatrogenic endometrioses as a result of improper closure of endometrial cavity during myomectomy.

Case Report

A 30-year-old para 1 has been self-referred to our institution for medical care. A fibroid protruding the endometrial canal was removed 8 months prior to this hospital admission. In less than a month after initial myomectomy, she began experiencing severe pelvic pain more accentuated during menstruation. The pain became progressively worse. The magnetic resonance imaging results are suggestive of ovarian endometrioma. She underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy. Cut surface of uterine cavity shows obliteration of endometrial canal with hourglass constriction.

Conclusion

Closure of endometrium during myomectomy should be carefully done; keeping an account on patency of endometrial canal is essential to prevent iatrogenic endometriosis.

How to cite this article

Yousuf F. Iatrogenic Endometriosis and Intrauterine Adhesions after Myomectomy. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(3):236-238.
Facts and Doubts about the Beginning of Human Life and Personality
Authors: Barisic Lara Spalldi , Delic Taib
Published: July 2019

Scientists have been negligent in failing to translate science into the terms that allow mankind to share their excitement of discovering life before birth. In spite of remarkable scientific development, man's curiosity, and speculations dating back to Hippocrates, life before birth still remains a big secret. Various kinds of intellectuals were involved in trying to offer their contribution to solve the human life puzzle. Their leading idea is that each newborn child will reach its full potential if its development in uterus is not exposed to any adverse influence, providing the best possible environment for the embryo/fetus. Considering the embryo/fetus, we should always keep in mind the amazing aspect of human life where the mother and the embryo/fetus, although linked in the most intimate relationships, are at all times two separate people. Considering the embryo/fetus as the person opened a new set of questions about its personality and human rights. Today, scientific data and hypotheses, philosophical thought, and issues in the humanities have become a necessity in order to deal with ethical, juridical, and social problems arising from man's interference in many aspects and stages of life.

How to cite this article

Kurjak A, Spalldi Barisic L, Delic T, Porovic S, Stanojevic M. Facts and Doubts about the Beginning of Human Life and Personality. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3):205-213.
Clinical Application of Er:YAG Laser and Cryosurgery in Gingival Depigmentation
Authors: Farahmand Amirhossein , Abed Ahmad Moghareh , Mansouri Yasaman
Published: July 2019

Background

Gingival melanin pigmentation often occurs as the result of abnormal deposition of melanin. Melanin pigmentation is completely benign and presents no medical problem. However, patients complain the esthetic problem as ‘Black Gum’. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of depigmentation by Er:YAG laser and cryosurgery.

Materials and methods

This study included 20 patients with gingival pigmentation of maxillary incisors, aged 15 to 44 years. Excluding criteria were smoking, systemic disease and pregnancy. Patients treated randomized split mouth, with Er:YAG laser (Pd: 120 mj, RR:12 Hz) along with water spraying of half of maxillary gingivae and on the opposite side cryosurgery was done under topical anesthesia. Patients were followed up at 1, 2, 4 weeks and 3, 6, 12 months after treatment.

Results

Healing was uneventful follow-up period for 6 to 12 months showed no repigmentation in none of them. Slight erythema was observed. No postoperative swelling, hemorrhage, pain, infection were reported.

Conclusion

Depigmentation of gingival melanin hyperpigmentation by cryosurgery and Er: YAG laser radiations were found to be an effective procedures. Postoperative patient's satisfaction were impressive.

How to cite this article

Farahmand A, Moghareh Abed A, Mansouri Y. Clinical Application of Er: YAG Laser and Cryosurgery in Gingival Depigmentation. World J Dent 2014;5(2):102-108.
A Comparative in vitro Evaluation of Vertical Root Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth using Different Obturating Materials
Authors: Carlos Roopak Bose , Makam Suman , Yaragonda Vamsi Kalyan , Murali H , Tyagi Anukriti , Rose Rajani
Published: July 2019

Aim

To compare the vertical root fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth obturated using different obturating materials.

Materials and methods

Decoronated roots of 75 single canal lower second premolar teeth were divided randomly into 5 groups. The first group (Group I) served as a negative control. The remaining four Groups were cleaned and shaped using ProTaper Endodontic rotary files and obturated with guttapercha + TubliSeal EWT sealer (Group II), ThermaFil + AH Plus sealer (Group III), RealSeal + RealSeal sealer (Group IV) and GuttaFlow obturating system (Group V). The roots were then embedded in acrylic resin blocks and subjected to vertical load until fracture with a spreader in a universal testing machine and the forces were recorded.

Results

Fracture resistance of group I > group IV > group V > group III > group II, which were statistically significant.

Conclusion

Obturation of roots with resin based obturation material—RealSeal had increased VRF resistance compared to the gutta-percha obturation systems.

Clinical significance

Obturation of the root canals with resin based obturation system—Resilon reinforces the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth and contributes to the overall success of the endodontic treatment.

How to cite this article

Carlos RB, Makam S, Yaragonda VK, Murali H, Tyagi A, Rose R. A Comparative in vitro Evaluation of Vertical Root Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth using Different Obturating Materials. World J Dent 2014;5(2):113-117.

Acronyms and abbreviations

VRF: Vertical root fracture; ANOVA: Analysis of variance.
Vinyl Polysiloxane Ether: A Breakthrough in Elastomeric Impression Material
Authors: Mehta Deepak , Shetty Rohit , Bhandari Ganesh R
Published: July 2019

A meticulous impression is paramount for a precision fit of indirect restoration. Unfortunately, for many clinicians, making an impression for fixed prostheses is one of the challenging aspects in restorative dentistry. Advances in elastomeric chemistries have given birth to a new generation of impression materials: a combination of a polyvinyl and a polyether impression material, called vinyl siloxane ether.

The purpose of this article is to explore the new impression material which is effective and efficient to obtain predictable, accurate, high quality impressions in dental practice.

How to cite this article

Shetty RM, Bhandari GR, Mehta D. Vinyl Polysiloxane Ether: A Breakthrough in Elastomeric Impression Material. World J Dent 2014;5(2):134-137.
Assessment of Equipment Utilization and Maintenance Schedule at a Dental Institution in Bengaluru, India
Authors: Gupta Vaibhav , Sarode Sachin C
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Quality of diagnostic and treatment care provided to patients largely depends on the availability of sophisticated medical equipment. Regular equipment maintenance helps in providing quality care and maintaining utilization coefficient (UC) of the medical equipment. Equipment utilization is the evaluation of medical equipment necessity, appropriateness, and efficiency of the use in diagnosing and treating a patient. If equipment shows UC of more than 50%, it is said to be a good investment.

Objective

To assess UC of dental institution equipment along with their maintenance schedule to increase operational efficiency.

Materials and methods

An observational study was conducted at a 250 chaired dental institution in Bengaluru in 2015 to calculate the use coefficient of medical equipment. Maintenance schedule was also recorded for all the equipment. Necessary permissions were obtained before starting the study.

Results

Around 50% of these medical equipments were underutilized. Only four equipments had preventive maintenance schedule under which services usually provided every 4 months. Most of the equipment did not have any maintenance contract.

Conclusion

It should be an earnest endeavor of the management and users to optimize the equipment utilization to obtain maximum return on capital invested. In an era of cost-intensive medical care, every equipment being installed in health care institutions need to be fully and properly utilized.

Clinical Significance

Findings of this study will enable the administrators to ensure that the equipment is in proper working condition to provide optimal patient care.

How to cite this article

Gupta V, Gupta N, Sarode GS, Sarode SC, Patil S. Assessment of Equipment Utilization and Maintenance Schedule at a Dental Institution in Bengaluru, India. World J Dent 2017;8(2):104-108.