bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Osteochondroma-Related Pressure Erosions in Bony Rings Below the Waist
Authors: Davis Derik L. , Mulligan Michael E.
Published: November 2015

This article investigates the clinical and radiological features of four cases of osteochondroma-related bony
pressure erosion in adults. Rare imaging features of extrinsic pressure erosions on adjacent bones caused by solitary and
familial forms of osteochondroma are presented. Although described to occur uncommonly in the paired bones of the
lower leg, pressure erosion in the pelvic girdle is poorly understood. In this article, we discuss clinical contexts for
management of osteochondroma-related bony pressure erosion in the mature skeleton.
Early primary abdominal pregnancy implanted in the vesicouterine pouch: A case report
Authors: Kutlesic Ranko , Kutlesic Marija , Ignjatovic Marina , Stefanovic Milan , Vukomanovic Predrag , Popovic Jasmina
Published: November 2015

Introduction. An abdominal pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy and
potentially life-threatening condition. It is difficult to make an early
diagnosis of abdominal pregnancy. Case Report. We present a case of early
primary abdominal pregnancy, diagnosed at 6th gestational week, located in
the vesicouterine pouch and treated laparoscopically. Despite the rapidly
decreasing serum ?-human chorionic gonadotropin levels, the presence of the
intraperitoneal blood allowed neither expectant management nor medical
treatment, although the patient was hemodinamically stable at that moment.
The absence of significant bleeding during the surgery and histopathological
finding of placental villi with necrosis confirmed that, in this case, the
abdominal pregnancy was already the subject of spontaneous involution.
Conclusion. High index of suspicion and carefully interpreted clinical and
ultrasound findings are crucial for timely diagnosis of early abdominal
pregnancy before the occurrence of massive and potentially fatal
intraperitoneal bleeding.
The analog linearization of Pt100 working characteristic
Authors: Radetic Radojle , Pavlov-Kagadejev Marijana , Milivojevic Nikola
Published: November 2015

The most exact temperature measurement can be made by using platinum sensors.
Temperatures from -254.3?C up to +850?C can be measured with Pt100 sensor.
The relationship between resistance and temperature is relatively linear, but
for measurements of very high precision, Pt100 working curve should be a
little bit improved. The paper describes an efficient way of measurement
characteristic linearization by using the analogue electric circuits. The
obtained results proved the initial considerations and the Pt100 becomes
rather transducer than pure sensor.
Hydrophobic and breathable nanomembrane for food package material by mimicking cocoon’s structure
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Qi Meng-Jie , Qian Yong-Fang , Song Ruo-Yuan , Du Bin
Published: November 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol)
nanofibrous mats treated by flourinated alkane in supercritical carbon
dioxide medium. The surface morphology and chemical structure of electrospun
mats were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform
infrared. The results showed that the treated mats could maintain their
integrity and fibrous morphology as well as their porous structure after
being treated. However, the wettability was changed greatly, the average
contact angle of treated nanofibrous mats increased from its original value
of 28? to 134?, revealing that the treated mats had good water repellent
properties. The paper concluded that the hydrophobic and breathable mats with
porous structure might be an excellent candidate for food package materials.
Viscosity prediction of refrigerants under subcritical/supercritical conditions
Authors: Yue Hong-Ya , Liu Zhi-Gang
Published: November 2015

Viscosity is an important thermophysical property of fluids. Viscosities of
refrigerants were predicted based on friction theory combined with the Lemmon
and Span short reference equation of state. This model is valid for the
temperature up to 397 K and pressure up to 40 MPa, which cover both the
subcritical and supercritical regions. Experimental data were further used to
validate the model. Under all test conditions, the accuracy is better than
6%, which is acceptable in most practical applications.
Thermal behavior of electrospun gelatin and chitosan complex
Authors: Qi Meng-Jie , Qian Yong-Fang , Zhao Yu-Ping , Ju Wei
Published: November 2015

This paper studied the thermal behavior of gelatin, chitosan, and their
complex. Thermal stability was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, and
the results showed that gelatin and chitosan raw materials exhibited two
decomposition stages while as-electrospun nanofibrous mats had three
decomposition stages. Moreover, chitosan raw material had better thermal
stability than gelatin. However, its electrospun partner revealed its
opposite trend. X-ray diffraction was used to analyze the crystalline
property and the result showed that the crystallinity decreased due to the
interaction with the solvents, and thus the thermal stability sharply
decreased. In addition, incorporation of gelatin could improve the thermal
stability of chitosan.
A novel method for fabrication of fascinated nanofiber yarns
Authors: Liu Hong-Yan , Li Zhi-Min , Li Ke-Jing , Li Ya , Li Xue-Wei
Published: November 2015

Potential applications of nanofibers as a new-generation of material will be
realized if suitable nanofiber yarns become available. Electrospinning has
been widely accepted as a feasible technique for the fabrication of
continuous nanofiber yarns. However its low output limited its industrial
applications. This paper presents a new processing approach to fabrication of
fascinated nanofiber yarns which possess excellent properties of nanofibers
while enhancing its mechanical strength by the core yarn.
Effect of pore size on gas resistance of nanofiber membrane by the bubble electrospinning
Authors: Shen Jing , He Chun-Hui , Liu Hua , Zhao Lei
Published: November 2015

This paper explores the influence of pore size on gas resistance by comparing
micron non-woven and nanofiber membrane. The result shows that membrane with
a higher filtration and lower gas resistance can be received by controlling
the pore size of nanofiber membrane.
Effects of pressure and temperature on thermal contact resistance between different materials
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Huang Hai-Ming , Wang Qing , Ji Song
Published: November 2015

To explore whether pressure and temperature can affect thermal contact
resistance, we have proposed a new experimental approach for measurement of
the thermal contact resistance. Taking the thermal contact resistance between
phenolic resin and carbon-carbon composites, cuprum, and aluminum as the
examples, the influence of the thermal contact resistance between specimens
under pressure is tested by experiment. Two groups of experiments are
performed and then an analysis on influencing factors of the thermal contact
resistance is presented in this paper. The experimental results reveal that
the thermal contact resistance depends not only on the thermal conductivity
coefficient of materials, but on the interfacial temperature and pressure.
Furthermore, the thermal contact resistance between cuprum and aluminum is
more sensitive to pressure and temperature than that between phenolic resin
and carbon-carbon composites.
Inter-cooler in solar-assisted refrigeration system: Theory and experimental verification
Authors: Zheng Hui-Fan , Fan Xiao-Wei , Tian Guo-Ji , Liu Lei , Chen Yin-Long
Published: November 2015

An inter-cooler in the solar-assisted refrigeration system was investigated
experimentally and theoretically, and the theoretical prediction was fairly
in good agreement with the experimental data. The influence of pipe diameter,
tooth depth, and spiral angle of inter-cooler on the performance of the
refrigerant system was analyzed. It was concluded that heat transfer is
influenced deeply by the structure parameters of inter-cooler, and the heat
transfer capacity increases with tooth depth and spiral angle increasing, and
decreases with tooth apex angle increasing.
Numerical approach to a low pressure gas-injection scroll compressor
Authors: Zhou Guang-Hui , Li Hai-Jun , Liu Lei , Zhao Deng-Ke , Wei Pan-Pan , Chen Tong
Published: November 2015

In order to solve problems arising in ordinary heat pump system for pure
electric vehicles at ultra-low temperature, a low pressure gas-injection
scroll compressor is designed, and a mathematical model is established.
Comparison with the experimental results shows good accuracy of the
theoretical prediction.
Effect of boron content of high-ortho phenolic fibers on thermal property
Authors: Jiao Ming-Li , Yang Kai , Cao Jian , Liu Hong-Yan , Qi Qin , Yu Mu-Huo
Published: November 2015

High-ortho boron-containing phenolic fibers were prepared, and cured in a
solution of formaldehyde and hydrochloric acids. The resulted fibers were
heattreated in N2 at tiered temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry
and thermogravimetric analysis were employed to characterize thermal
performance. The results show that the addition of boron in the precursor
resin can increase the peak of curing temperature and thermal stability.
Hierarchical structure of nanofibers by bubbfil spinning
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhao Lei , Li Xue-Wei , He Ji-Huan
Published: November 2015

A polymer bubble is easy to be broken under a small external force, various
different fragments are formed, which can be produced to different
morphologies of products including nanofibers and plate-like strip.
Polyvinyl-alcohol/honey solution is used in the experiment to show
hierarchical structure by the bubbfil spinning.
Multifocal angiomyolipoma involving kidney and regional lymph nodes in patient with tuberous sclerosis complex- A Rare case with review of literature
Authors: Mylarappa Prasad , Patil Avinash B , Puvvada Sandeep , Pathade Amey , Ramesh D
Published: November 2015

Tuberous sclerosis complex is rare neurocutaneous syndrome involving central nervous system and lesions in skin. Tuberous sclerosis with multifocal angiomyolipoma involving kidney and lymph nodes is even rarer.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(2) 2015 96-99
Evaluating four –variable screening tool in european population of a sleep clinic for assessing obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Pataka Athanasia , Kotoulas Seraphim , Sourla Evdokia , Akritidou Sofia , Panagiotidou Evangelia , Kalamaras George , Fekete Katalin , Argyropoulou Paraskevi
Published: November 2015

Background: Different questionnaires have been used to evaluate patients with Obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). The 4-Variable screening tool (4-V) was developed and validated in Asian population for identifying moderate to severe OSAHS.Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the ability of 4-V to identify patients at high risk for OSAHS in a European Population visiting a Sleep Clinic. Methods: 1057 (73.8% males), 52±14 years, BMI 33±7kg/m2, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) 11.5±5.4 and Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) 32.7±26.5 were included. All patients had an in laboratory sleep study and  4-V was calculated.Results: The mean 4-V score was 13.3±2.5. Sensitivities of 4-V≥11 for AHI ≥5, ≥15 and ≥30 were 78%, 79% and 81%, respectively; specificities 40.8%, 36%, 32%;  positive predictive values (PPV)  84.3%, 71%, 52%;  negative predictive values (NPV) 31% , 46.5%, 65% and  area under the ROC curve at AHI≥ 15 was 0.58. For  4-V ≥14, sensitivities  for AHI ≥5, ≥15 and ≥30 were 50.7%, 55% and 61%, respectively; specificities 78%, 74.4%, 69%; PPV  90.3%, 81%, 64%; NPV 27.9%, 45%, 66%  and area under the ROC curve at AHI≥ 15 was 0.68. The 4-V differed significantly between no and mild and between moderate and severe OSAHS, but not  between mild and moderate OSAHS  in both genders. Sensitivity was better in men, but specificity was higher in women.Conclusion: In Caucasians the 4-V≥14 had low sensitivity and NPV, rather good specificity and PPV. For a cut-off ≥11, sensitivity was better but specificity was low. However the predictive values differed between genders. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(2) 2015 21-27
Elective repair of uncomplicated inguinal hernia in south eastern nigerian
Authors: Ugwu-Olisa Ogbuanya Aloysius , Ogadi Emedike Samuel Chukwuemeka
Published: November 2015

Aims and Objectives: Inguinal hernia repair is the most common operation in general surgery worldwide. Elective repair to safeguard complications is recommended because outcomes of early repair are uniformly superior to results of emergency operations. This study aimed to document our own experiences with regards to elective repair of uncomplicated inguinal hernia and compare our findings with previous data.Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive prospective study of 261 consecutive patients with uncomplicated inguinal hernias repaired electively at Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, southeastern Nigeria between January 2010 to December 2012. Relevant data extracted and analyzed with SPSS version 22.0 included patients’ demographics, clinical details, surgical repairs and outcome measures.Result: A total of two hundred and sixty one patients with 306 uncomplicated inguinal hernias repaired electively were enrolled. The age range of the patients was 2 months – 88 years with a mean age of 35.7 ± SD 16.6. Majority (46.4%) of the patients presented with hernias on the right side, the rest either had hernias on the left(36.4%) or both sides (17.2%). At operation, 203 (66.3%) hernias were indirect, 96 (31.4%) direct and 7 (2.3%) pantaloon hernias. Modified Bassini repair was used in the majority (66.7%) of patients. Complications occurred in only 9.7% of repairs. At a median follow up of 8 months, 1 (0.3%) hernia recurrence was seen. No mortality was recorded.Conclusion: Inguinal hernias in our environment are very common, but often neglected. Our results show that elective repair is critical for preventing devastating complications and ensuring successful surgical outcomes.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(2) 2015 90-95
Etiology of bloodstream infection and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates
Authors: Bhandari Prashubha , Manandhar Sarita , Shrestha Basudha , Dulal Nabeen
Published: November 2015

Background: Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a signifi cant cause of morbidity and mortality. In Nepal, very few studies on BSIs have restricted the understanding of their cause, prevention and treatment. This cross-sectional study was conducted to isolate BSIs causing pathogens and determine their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in patients visiting Kathmandu ModelHospital during December 2012 to May 2013.Materials and Methods: Standard laboratory procedure was used to screen, isolate and identify the bacteria from 1,205 patients. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern (AST) was analyzed by modifi ed Kirby Bauer technique and data were analyzed using SPSS version-16.Results: Out of 1,205 blood samples, 186 (15.4 %) were culture positive. The most common bacteria isolated were: Salmonella spp., Escherichiacoli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and CoNS. Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant causes of BSIs. Salmonella Typhi was isolated in 71 % cases of bloodstream infection followed by Salmonella Paratyphi A in 16 %, Escherichia coli in 5.3 % and Klebsiella pneumonia in 0.5 %. The gram-positive organism responsible for causing BSI was coagulase-negative staphylococcus in 7 % cases. There was no significant association between bacteremia and gender of the patients. During ASTs, Gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to Chloramphenicol with only 0.5 % resistivity. Salmonella Typhi (85.6 % of isolates) showed resistance to Nalidixic acid. Gram-positive bacteria showed 100 % sensitivity towards Chloramphenicol and Gentamicin and were least sensitive to Amoxicillin.Conclusion: Salmonella spp., was major cause of BSIs. Increase in antibiotic resistivity for BSI causing pathogens has necessitated continuous monitoring of the susceptibility of organisms towards antibiotics.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(2) 2015 71-75
Examination of the Effect of Concrete Crosstie Rail Seat Deterioration on Rail Seat Load Distribution
Authors: Greve Matthew J. , Dersch Marcus S. , Edwards J. Riley , Barkan Christopher P. L. , Thompson Hugh , Sussmann Theodore R. , McHenry Michael T.
Published: November 2015

One of the more critical failure modes of concrete crossties in North America is the degradation of the concrete surface at the crosstie rail seat, also known as rail seat deterioration (RSD). Loss of material beneath the rail can lead to wide gage, cant deficiency, reduced clamping force of the fastening system, and an increased risk of rail rollover. Previous research conducted at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign (UIUC) identified five primary failure mechanisms associated with RSD: abrasion, crushing, freeze–thaw damage, hydroabrasive erosion, and hydraulic pressure cracking. Because the magnitude and distribution of load applied to the rail seat affects four of these five failure mechanisms, effectively addressing RSD requires an understanding of the factors affecting rail seat load distribution. As part of a larger study aimed at improving concrete crossties and fastening systems, UIUC researchers are attempting to characterize the loading environment at the rail seat by using matrix-based tactile surface sensors (MBTSS). This instrumentation technology has been implemented in both laboratory and field environments and has provided valuable insight into the distribution of a single load over consecutive crossties. This paper focuses on the analysis of data gathered from MBTSS experiments designed to explore the effect of manufactured RSD on the load distribution and pressure magnitude at the rail seat. The knowledge gained from these experiments will be integrated with associated research conducted at UIUC to form the framework for a mechanistic design approach for concrete crossties and fastening systems.
Network Robustness Index Application at Pikes Peak Area Council of Governments, Colorado Springs, Colorado
Authors: Lupa Mary R. , Prather Ken , de Araujo Maureen Paz , Casper Craig
Published: November 2015

The evaluation and prioritization of highway segments is a key task in the allocation of transportation planning resources at metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs). The network robustness index (NRI) is a new and evolving transportation planning measure that is based on changes in travel time that result from the removal of one highway link segment. In Colorado Springs, Colorado, the MPO applied the NRI measure, first on the National Highway System (NHS) and then on a small set of highway project links. The use of the NRI on the NHS made clear a ranking system for high-level criticality in the region, with four categories emerging: low, medium, high, and critical. This criticality assessment function of the NRI is effective in road segment evaluation for evacuation, resilience, and emergency preparedness. The NRI was also tested for planning. A small set of regional highway projects was tested with increases in capacity or speed to rank the projects numerically by vehicle hours saved. This use of the NRI may be of value in evaluating regional transportation plan projects. In all, the NRI was found to be a simple, flexible, and practical tool for MPO transportation planning.
White Bikes of De Hoge Veluwe National Park, Netherlands
Authors: Villwock-Witte Natalie , Leidekker Jakob R. K.
Published: November 2015

Federal land managers in the United States, especially in the National Park Service, are becoming more interested in providing opportunities for visitors to experience a unit in the national park system without a private vehicle. Alternative modes of transportation can help park units address numerous challenges, including preserving the resources for present and future generations and enhancing the quality of the visitor experience. One mode of travel that is receiving considerable attention is the bicycle, especially various forms of bikesharing. De Hoge Veluwe National Park, in the Netherlands, has had a bikeshare system since 1975. Federal land managers may be particularly interested in this system because ( a) the bikes are provided without charge, ( b) there are provisions for children, ( c) the bikes are not used to advertise private businesses, and ( d) bicycling is good for the environment and users’ health. This paper briefly reviews the evolution of bikesharing, summarizes studies related to bicycles and pedestrians in the context of federal lands, presents information about De Hoge Veluwe National Park and describes its white bikeshare program, and concludes with considerations, such as unit size and location, for implementing a similar system in the United States. Units that are developing bikeshare systems should consider features that are attractive to potential users, such as a cost-effective pricing system and bicycles for a wide variety of users.
Evaluation of N Efficiency Using Prilled Urea and Urea Super Granules in T. Aman Rice
Authors: Hussain J , Salim M , Siddique MA , Khatun M , Islam S
Published: November 2015

An experiment was conducted at the Experimental field of Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during June to December 2007 to evaluate the nitrogen use efficiency of transplant aman rice using prilled urea (PU) and urea super granule (USG). Three rice varieties (BR11, BRRI dhan30 and BRRI dhan39) were compared at three doses of nitrogen, i.e., PU@125 kg N ha-1, USG @170 kg N ha-1 and USG @ 70 kg N ha-1 in a Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design with three replications. USG each weighing 1 g and 2.6 g were placed manually at the depth of 8-10 cm in the middle of four hills in alternate rows at 12 days after transplanting and PU applied in split applications. The rice var. BR11 at USG @70 kg N ha-1 has produced the maximum grain yield (4.75 t ha-1) which was statistically identical to BRRI dhan30 at USG @ 70 kg N ha-1 (1 g pellet-1). The highest nitrogen use efficiency, partial factor productivity and marginal rate of return (1966%) were recorded from the treatment of BR11 at USG @ 70 kg N ha-1.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2015, 18(1): 59-63
Application of plackett-burman design to benzylation of o-cresol with benzyl alcohol
Authors: Shahruzzaman M , Saha D , Rahman MS , Rahman MS
Published: November 2015

Plackett-Burman design was employed to study the reaction of o-cresol with benzyl alcohol in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride as catalyst for screening variables. The variables chosen for the investigation were temperature, molar ratio of o-cresol to benzyl alcohol, amount of anhydrous AlCl3 catalyst (% by wt. of o-cresol), addition time (ta h), stirring time (ts h), stirring speed (rpm). Among these variables temperature, molar ratio of o-cresol to benzyl alcohol and amount of anhydrous AlCl3 were found to be important. A set of trials was planned according to a 3 factor 2-level Yates pattern experimental design with 2 replicates and the center point trial with 4 replicates. The critical response was the yield of benzyl o-cresol. Main effects as well as two- and three- factor interaction effects were statistically significant. A polynomial model was developed and the adequacy of the suggested model was checked up.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(3), 169-180, 2015
Synthesis of microcrystalline cellulose from pretreated cotton obtained from Bombax ceiba L. and its characterization
Authors: Haque SM , Chowdhury AA , Rana AA , Masum SM , Ferdous T , Rashid MA , Sarker M , Karim MM
Published: November 2015

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is an important ingredient in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and other industries. Microcrystalline cellulose was synthesized from the alpha cellulose content of pretreated cotton, Bombax ceiba L. by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis. The prepared microcrystalline cellulose was characterized by determining some physicochemical properties such as pH, angle of response, Carrs index, Hausner ratio, moisture content etc and compared with commercial-grade microcrystalline cellulose that is used in pharmaceutical industry as excipient. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and FTIR data represented the structure and particle characterization of sample. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed the thermal stability of the sample. The results showed that the yield of microcrystalline cellulose was about 85% and compared favorably with the commercial grade microcrystalline cellulose as well as conformed official specifications for microcrystalline cellulose in British Pharmacopeia. It was also found that the duration of acid hydrolysis affected the polymeric form of the processed alpha cellulose.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(3), 199-204, 2015
Degradation of carbofuran by V(IV)/H2O2 system in aqueous solution
Authors: Ferdoush F , Katsumata H , Russel MAN , Kaneco S , Suzuki T , Ohta K
Published: November 2015

Carbofuran is a kind of carbamate pesticide commonly used on major crops. The degradation of carbofuran by V (IV)/H2O2 system was investigated. The degradation system was strongly influenced by the pH, and initial concentration of VO2+. The degradation efficiency of carbofuran at the difference pH with the initial concentration of VO2+ in system was observed. An initial carbofuran concentration of 10 mg L1 was 95% degraded within 10 min at pH 2.6 with original VO2+ concentration of 5×104 M. The decrease of TOC content was observed during the catalytic process and the removal percentage was obtained about 20% after 24 h. Furthermore, therefore, this process based on the catalytic reaction of VO2+ and VO2 +, and was responsible for the continuous production of hydroxyl radicals in such system. It has also proven that the degradation percentage increase when a little amount of L-ascorbic acid of 5×104 M was applied, the degradation increase up to 20% more at 10 min. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed the formation of seven products, on the basis of formation of time and its abounded, of all these intermediate products, a reaction mechanism path was submitted.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(3), 211-218, 2015
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM): Etiological Agents and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of the Isolates
Authors: Basavaraj Metri C , Jyothi P
Published: November 2015

Introduction: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) remains one of the most common childhood chronic infectious diseases worldwide. It is recognized as an important cause of preventable hearing loss in the developing world. The present study was carried out to determine the etiological agent of CSOM and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern at the teaching hospital in North Karnataka.Methods: Samples were collected from patients in accordance with standard protocols. Organisms were identified by conventional microbiological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was done by disc diffusion method according Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.Results: A total of 159 patients were included in the study, out of which 53.5 % were males. Majority of the patients (85/159) were in the age group of 1-20 years. Pseudomonas was the most common organism causing CSOM, closely followed by Staphylococcus aureus. Pseudomonas were more sensitive to piperacilln-tazobactam (91%), followed by amikacin (80%). Among Staphylococcal isolates sensitivity was more to linezolid (93%), closely followed by piperacilln -tazobactam (88%). 73% of the Gram negative bacilli were sensitive to amikacin and 67% to gentamicinConclusion: Due to the easy availability and widespread use of antibiotics the susceptibility pattern of the pathogenic microorganisms are changing, therefore it is imperative to know the local susceptibility pattern of the causative agents, to treat the infection effectively.J MEDICINE July 2015; 16 (2) : 79-82
Incidence and Risk Factors of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Non-Obese Patients Attending at Department of Gastroenterology, BSMMU
Authors: Biswas Prodip Kumar , Kabir AKM Humayon , Karim Mohammad Enamul , Hossain Mohammed Shahadat , Vhadury Suvash Chandra , Rhaman Mir Masudur , Masud Hasan , Khan Masudur Rahman
Published: November 2015

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a distinct clinicopathologic entity characterized histologically by a spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Objective: To determine the incidenceand identify the risk factors of NAFLD in non-obese patients.Methods: It was a cross sectional study done in Department of gastroenterology, Nuclear Medicine and ultrasound, Radiology and Imaging, Virology, Biochemistry, BSMMU, Dhaka from March 2012 to June 2014. The patients more or equal to 18 years, non-obese were included. In this study total 190 patients were enrolled.Results: Among them 38 patients were with fatty liver and 152 patients without fatty liver on the basis of ultrasonogram. Where 141 were male and 49 were female with mean age was 49.24 + 9.05 years. Among total, 18.9% had diabetes mellitus, 28.4% had dislipidaemia 24.4% had history of hypertension. Total 18.9% patients having history of diabetes mellitus, normal vs fatty liver disease (20% vs 42.1%, p <0.001) and history of dyslipidemia (10.5% vs 100% , p <0.001), Haemoglobin percentage was 12.16 + 1.32 gm/dL, urine routine microscopic examination glucose present in 9.5% patients. SGPT 56.34 + 16.09 IU/L, SGOT 41.62 + 5.94 IU/L, alkaline phosphatase 99.31+ 19.76 IU/L. We found 6.3% patients were HBsAg positive and no patient was Anti HCV positive.Conclusion: Sedentary life style, Metabolic syndrome, DM, dyslipidameia, are risk factors of NAFLD in non obese person. Elevated liver enzymes are consequences of NAFLD. Though this study has some limitations, it will give some information about emerging liver disease without viral hepatitis.J MEDICINE July 2015; 16 (2) : 89-92
Aetiological Pattern of Premature Ventricular and Atrial Complexes and their Consequence on Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: Kabir AKM Humayon , Islam Mohammad Rafiqul , Biswas Prodip Kumar , Alam Muhammed Syedul , Mondal Shekhar Kumar , Karim Md Enamul , Azhar MA
Published: November 2015

Background: Arrhythmias are often a manifestation of structural heart diseases but may occur in the context of non cardiac diseases even in an otherwise normal heart. It may be supraventricular or ventricular. Among the arrhythmias premature complexes (ventricular & atrial) are most common type of arrhythmia occurs in patients with or without significant heart disease.Objective: In this study, the aim was to find out the aetiological pattern of premature ventricular and atrial complexes and their consequence on morbidity and mortality, demographical pattern of patients with ectopic beats, to find out aetiological factors leading to development of premature complexes, to find out common clinical presentations and to differentiate the PVCs which are more benignMethods: It was a cross sectional study. This study was carried out in the Department of Medicine and Department of Cardiology of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka from 1st May 2008 to 15th September 2008. A total 50 consecutive patients irrespective of age, sex and occupation having atrial and ventricular premature complexes on ECG attending at OPD and admitted in indoor were included in this study. Results: Among the three types of premature complexes 9 patients with APCs (also includes 2 patients of premature junctional complex) and 41 patients with PVCs were included. The ratio of patients with PVCs and APCs in this study.8.2: 1.8. In this study 41 patients of PVCs were studied. Among them 37 patient that is 90.3% patients had structural heart disease and the commonest cause was IHD (63.4%), 9.7% had HTN with LVH, 7.3% had DCM, 4.87% had HOCM, one patient had myocarditis ( 2.4%) and one had MVP with sick sinus syndrome (2.4%). Among the 9 patients of APC 4 patients that is 44.44% were suffering from COPD with corpulmonale which was the most commonest cause of APCs.Conclusions: Ventricular arrhythmias are more common than atrial arrhythmia and IHD is the single most common cause of arrhythmia. Ectopic beats in patients with otherwise normal hearts are more prominent at rest and disappear with exercise. Treatment is not necessary, unless the patient is highly symptomatic.J MEDICINE July 2015; 16 (2) : 97-102
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Parotid Gland  A Case Report with Clinicopathological Review
Authors: Begum SM Khodeza Nahar , Chowdhury M Alamgir , Mojumder Afroza Suraya , Khan Omid
Published: November 2015

Pleomorphic adenoma, though essentially benign can undergo malignant transformation. This is the case report of a 72 year old male with a giant tumor of parotid gland measuring 20.0X18.0X16.5cm & weighing 7 kg. Pleomorphic adenoma can rarely transform into carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma over time as it enlarges; moreover, histologically, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is exceedingly rare. Patient developed the tumor for a period over 20 years & it caused withdrawal from social contact. The tumor gradually enlarged without any pain or other complication except for rapid growth & pain a year before. Postoperative facial function and local control of tumor was achieved. Despite Of having a cancer with significant extracapsular invasion, our patient did not present any metastatic focus. Besides morphological patterns, authors need to categorize invasive carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma according to its potentiality to metastasize. Various parameters which can predict malignant transformation in pleomorphic adenoma is also yet to be explored.J MEDICINE July 2015; 16 (2) : 118-121
Alcohol, Aldehydes, Adducts and Airways
Authors: Sapkota Muna , Wyatt Todd
Published: November 2015

Drinking alcohol and smoking cigarettes results in the formation of reactive aldehydes in the lung, which are capable of forming adducts with several proteins and DNA. Acetaldehyde and malondialdehyde are the major aldehydes generated in high levels in the lung of subjects with alcohol use disorder who smoke cigarettes. In addition to the above aldehydes, several other aldehydes like 4-hydroxynonenal, formaldehyde and acrolein are also detected in the lung due to exposure to toxic gases, vapors and chemicals. These aldehydes react with nucleophilic targets in cells such as DNA, lipids and proteins to form both stable and unstable adducts. This adduction may disturb cellular functions as well as damage proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. Among several adducts formed in the lung, malondialdehyde DNA (MDA-DNA) adduct and hybrid malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (MAA) protein adducts have been shown to initiate several pathological conditions in the lung. MDA-DNA adducts are pre-mutagenic in mammalian cells and induce frame shift and base-pair substitution mutations, whereas MAA protein adducts have been shown to induce inflammation and inhibit wound healing. This review provides an insight into different reactive aldehyde adducts and their role in the pathogenesis of lung disease.
CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 10 (COP10) Contributes to Floral Repression under Non-Inductive Short Days in Arabidopsis
Authors: Kang Min-Young , Kwon Hye-Young , Kim Na-Yun , Sakuraba Yasuhito , Paek Nam-Chon
Published: November 2015

In Arabidopsis, CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC/DE-ETIOLATED/FUSCA (COP/DET/FUS) genes act in repression of photomorphogenesis in darkness, and recent reports revealed that some of these genes, such as COP1 and DET1, also have important roles in controlling flowering time and circadian rhythm. The COP/DET/FUS protein COP10 interacts with DET1 and DNA DAMAGE-BINDING PROTEIN 1 (DDB1) to form a CDD complex and represses photomorphogenesis in darkness. The cop10-4 mutants flower normally in inductive long days (LD) but early in non-inductive short days (SD) compared with wild type (WT); however, the role of COP10 remains unknown. Here, we investigate the role of COP10 in SD-dependent floral repression. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR revealed that in SD, expression of the LD-dependent floral inducers GI, FKF1, and FT significantly increased in cop10-4 mutants, compared with WT. This suggests that COP10 mainly regulates FT expression in a CO-independent manner. We also show that COP10 interacts with GI in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that COP10 could also affect GI function at the posttranslational level. Moreover, FLC expression was repressed drastically in cop10-4 mutants and COP10 interacts with MULTICOPY SUPPRESSOR OF IRA1 4 (MSI4)/FVE (MSI4/FVE), which epigenetically inhibits FLC expression. These data suggest that COP10 contributes to delaying flowering in the photoperiod and autonomous pathways by downregulating FT expression under SD.
Posterior Wnts Have Distinct Roles in Specification and Patterning of the Planarian Posterior Region
Authors: Sureda-Gómez Miquel , Pascual-Carreras Eudald , Adell Teresa
Published: November 2015

The wnt signaling pathway is an intercellular communication mechanism essential in cell-fate specification, tissue patterning and regional-identity specification. A βcatenin-dependent signal specifies the AP (Anteroposterior) axis of planarians, both during regeneration of new tissues and during normal homeostasis. Accordingly, four wnts (posterior wnts) are expressed in a nested manner in central and posterior regions of planarians. We have analyzed the specific role of each posterior wnt and the possible cooperation between them in specifying and patterning planarian central and posterior regions. We show that each posterior wnt exerts a distinct role during re-specification and maintenance of the central and posterior planarian regions, and that the integration of the different wnt signals (βcatenin dependent and independent) underlies the patterning of the AP axis from the central region to the tip of the tail. Based on these findings and data from the literature, we propose a model for patterning the planarian AP axis.
Tissue Localization of Lymphocystis Disease Virus (LCDV) Receptor-27.8 kDa and Its Expression Kinetics Induced by the Viral Infection in Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)
Authors: Sheng Xiuzhen , Wu Ronghua , Tang Xiaoqian , Xing Jing , Zhan Wenbin
Published: November 2015

The 27.8 kDa membrane protein expressed in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) gill cells was proved to be a receptor mediating lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) infection. In this study, SDS-PAGE and Western blotting demonstrated that 27.8 kDa receptor (27.8R) was shared by flounder and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA) and immunohistochemistry showed that 27.8R was widely expressed in tested tissues of healthy turbot. The indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that 27.8R expression was relatively higher in stomach, gill, heart, and intestine, followed by skin, head kidney, spleen, blood cells, kidney and liver, and lower in ovary and brain in healthy turbot, and it was significantly up-regulated after LCDV infection. Meanwhile, real-time quantitative PCR demonstrated that LCDV was detected in heart, peripheral blood cells, and head kidney at 3 h post infection (p.i.), and then in other tested tissues at 12 h p.i. LCDV copies increased in a time-dependent manner, and were generally higher in the tissues with higher 27.8R expression. Additionally, IIFA showed that 27.8R and LCDV were detected at 3 h p.i. in some leukocytes. These results suggested that 27.8R also served as a receptor in turbot, and LCDV can infect some leukocytes which might result in LCDV spreading to different tissues in turbot.
Synthesis, Density Functional Theory (DFT), Urease Inhibition and Antimicrobial Activities of 5-Aryl Thiophenes Bearing Sulphonylacetamide Moieties
Authors: Noreen Mnaza , Rasool Nasir , Gull Yasmeen , Zubair Muhammad , Mahmood Tariq , Ayub Khurshid , Nasim Faiz-ul-Hassan , Yaqoob Asma , Zia-Ul-Haq Muhammad , De Feo Vincenzo
Published: November 2015

A variety of novel 5-aryl thiophenes 4a–g containing sulphonylacetamide (sulfacetamide) groups were synthesized in appreciable yields via Pd[0] Suzuki cross coupling reactions. The structures of these newly synthesized compounds were determined using spectral data and elemental analysis. Density functional theory (DFT) studies were performed using the B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) basis set to gain insight into their structural properties. Frontier molecular orbital (FMOs) analysis of all compounds 4a–g was computed at the same level of theory to get an idea about their kinetic stability. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) mapping over the entire stabilized geometries of the molecules indicated the reactive sites. First hyperpolarizability analysis (nonlinear optical response) were simulated at the B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) level of theory as well. The compounds were further evaluated for their promising antibacterial and anti-urease activities. In this case, the antibacterial activities were estimated by the agar well diffusion method, whereas the anti-urease activities of these compounds were determined using the indophenol method by quantifying the evolved ammonia produced. The results revealed that all the sulfacetamide derivatives displayed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtiles, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa at various concentrations. Furthermore, the compound 4g N-((5-(4-chlorophenyl)thiophen-2-yl)sulfonyl) acetamide showed excellent urease inhibition with percentage inhibition activity ~46.23 ± 0.11 at 15 µg/mL with IC50 17.1 µg/mL. Moreover, some other compounds 4a–f also exhibited very good inhibition against urease enzyme.
Production of Nanoemulsions from Palm-Based Tocotrienol Rich Fraction by Microfluidization
Authors: Goh Pik , Ng Mei , Choo Yuen , Amru Nasrulhaq , Chuah Cheng
Published: November 2015

In the present study, tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) nanoemulsions were produced as an alternative approach to improve solubility and absorption of tocotrienols. In the present study, droplet size obtained after 10 cycles of homogenization with increasing pressure was found to decrease from 120 to 65.1 nm. Nanoemulsions stabilized with Tween series alone or emulsifier blend Brij 35:Span 80 (0.6:0.4 w/w) homogenized at 25,000 psi and 10 cycles, produced droplet size less than 100 nm and a narrow size distribution with a polydispersity index (PDI) value lower than 0.2. However blend of Tween series with Span 80 produced nanoemulsions with droplet size larger than 200 nm. This work has also demonstrated the amount of tocols losses in TRF nanoemulsion stabilized Tweens alone or emulsifier blend Brij 35:Span 80 (0.6:0.4 w/w) ranged between 3%–25%. This can be attributed to the interfacial film formed surrounding the droplets exhibited different level of oxidative stability against heat and free radicals created during high pressure emulsification.
Development and Characterization of Polymorphic Microsatellite Markers for Sedum sarmentosum (Crassulaceae) and Their Cross-Species Transferability
Authors: Xu Jing , Hou Fu-Yuan , Wan Ding-Rong , Wang Sha , Xu Dong-Mei , Yang Guang-Zhong
Published: November 2015

Sedum sarmentosum is an important Chinese medicinal herb that exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-nociceptive properties. However, little is known about its genetic background. The first set of 14 microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized for S. sarmentosum using an SSR-enriched library. Fourteen polymorphic microsatellite markers were acquired with satisfactory amplifications and a polymorphic pattern in 48 S. sarmentosum individuals. The number of alleles ranged from 3 to 15. The observed and expected heterozygosities varied from 0.0833 to 0.8750 and 0.2168 to 0.9063, respectively. Two loci showed significant departure from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Cross-species amplification was carried out in other Sedum species. High rates of cross-species amplification were observed. The transferability value ranged from 85.7% in S. lineare to 64.3% in S. ellacombianum. These markers will be valuable for studying the genetic variation, population structure and germplasm characterization of S. sarmentosum and related Sedum species.
Water-Soluble Lignins from Different Bioenergy Crops Stimulate the Early Development of Maize (Zea mays, L.)
Authors: Savy Davide , Cozzolino Vincenza , Vinci Giovanni , Nebbioso Antonio , Piccolo Alessandro
Published: November 2015

The molecular composition of water-soluble lignins isolated from four non-food bioenergy crops (cardoon CAR, eucalyptus EUC, and two black poplars RIP and LIM) was characterized in detail, and their potential bioactivity towards maize germination and early growth evaluated. Lignins were found to not affect seed germination rates, but stimulated the maize seedling development, though to a different extent. RIP promoted root elongation, while CAR only stimulated the length of lateral seminal roots and coleoptile, and LIM improved only the coleoptile development. The most significant bioactivity of CAR was related to its large content of aliphatic OH groups, C-O carbons and lowest hydrophobicity, as assessed by 31P-NMR and 13C-CPMAS-NMR spectroscopies. Less bioactive RIP and LIM lignins were similar in composition, but their stimulation of maize seedling was different. This was accounted to their diverse content of aliphatic OH groups and S- and G-type molecules. The poorest bioactivity of the EUC lignin was attributed to its smallest content of aliphatic OH groups and largest hydrophobicity. Both these features may be conducive of a EUC conformational structure tight enough to prevent its alteration by organic acids exuded from vegetal tissues. Conversely the more labile conformational arrangements of the other more hydrophilic lignin extracts promoted their bioactivity by releasing biologically active molecules upon the action of exuded organic acids. Our findings indicate that water-soluble lignins from non-food crops may be effectively used as plant biostimulants, thus contributing to increase the economic and ecological liability of bio-based industries.
Mediterranean Alcohol-Drinking Pattern and the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiovascular Mortality: The SUN Project
Authors: Hernandez-Hernandez Aitor , Gea Alfredo , Ruiz-Canela Miguel , Toledo Estefania , Beunza Juan-José , Bes-Rastrollo Maira , Martinez-Gonzalez Miguel
Published: November 2015

Background: We assessed the still unclear effect of the overall alcohol-drinking pattern, beyond the amount of alcohol consumed, on the incidence of cardiovascular clinical disease (CVD). Methods: We followed 14,651 participants during up to 14 years. We built a score assessing simultaneously seven dimensions of alcohol consumption to capture the conformity to a traditional Mediterranean alcohol-drinking pattern (MADP). It positively scored moderate alcohol intake, alcohol intake spread out over the week, low spirit consumption, preference for wine, red wine consumption, wine consumed during meals and avoidance of binge drinking. Results: During 142,177 person-years of follow-up, 127 incident cases of CVD (myocardial infarction, stroke or cardiovascular mortality) were identified. Compared with the category of better conformity with the MADP, the low-adherence group exhibited a non-significantly higher risk (HR) of total CVD ((95% CI) = 1.55 (0.58–4.16)). This direct association with a departure from the traditional MADP was even stronger for cardiovascular mortality (HR (95% CI) = 3.35 (0.77–14.5)). Nevertheless, all these associations were statistically non-significant. Conclusion: Better conformity with the MADP seemed to be associated with lower cardiovascular risk in most point estimates; however, no significant results were found and more powered studies are needed to clarify the role of the MADP on CVD.