bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El acaparamiento de tierras por parte de China en Argentina: Una mirada desde la ecología política
Authors: Costantino Agostina , Mora Sol
Published: July 2021

Desde hace algunos años, China ha incursionado en la inversión de mega proyectos de infraestructura y recursos naturales en América Latina, y en Argentina en particular. Estas inversiones comparten las características “norte-sur” que la Argentina, en tanto economía dependiente, ha tenido a lo largo de los años como receptora de inversiones extranjeras. Además de las múltiples consecuencias que este tipo de relaciones tiene en materia económica, juegan un rol fundamental en materia de la ecología política a nivel internacional. El objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar sobre las consecuencias en términos ambientales de las relaciones entre China y Argentina a partir de los casos de acaparamiento de tierras presentados.
La razón evaluadora en potencia y acto. Una genealogía de resistencias a una racionalidad de impostura.
Authors: Giuliano Facundo
Published: July 2021

En este artículo se busca ensayar una breve genealogía a propósito de la razón evaluadora y aquellas posiciones que de diferentes maneras buscan oponerle resistencia. Para ello, se realizó una investigación de archivo tomando como referencia revistas de educación argentinas de finales del siglo XIX y explorando lo que de contemporáneo pueden alojar sus planteos a propósito de un abordaje crítico de la problemática. Desde una perspectiva filosófica, se analizan diferentes textualidades que posibilitan plantear dos grandes momentos en este ensayo: el primero, dedicado a explorar el peso de argumentaciones pro-evaluativas (o pro-examen) y discutir su paso continuo en el tiempo evaluador; el segundo, dedicado a rescatar el “contrapeso” de posiciones contra-evaluativas que, colectivamente, constituyen una lucha común y trazan gestualidades ético-políticas que discontinúan la sinonimia instalada por la modernidad/colonialidad entre educación y evaluación. Este último momento se presenta como un entramado textual evocativo que ofrece un final necesariamente abierto.
Polycystic ovary syndrome and infertility: an update
Authors: Zehravi Mehrukh , Maqbool Mudasir , Ara Irfat
Published: July 2021

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is the most well-known endocrine condition among women of this generation (PCOS). Symptoms of hyperandrogenism, irregular menstrual periods, and insulin resistance are all traits associated with PCOS. In women with PCOS, the chance of having problems including infertility, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes increases. The PCOS board hopes to reduce body weight and insulin levels, restore fertility, control excessive hair growth on the body or scalp, re-establish the regular feminine cycle, and avoid misunderstandings. Insulin sensitizers have been one of the most common metabolic modulators, but their effectiveness has been sporadic. Insulin resistance, followed by thiazolidinediones, is central to the pathophysiology of PCOS, with metformin having nearly similar efficacy. In the management of PCOS, statins and incretins are newer therapies with obvious metabolic targets. Vitamin D, acarbose, and myoinositol are just a few of the reciprocal and optional clinical treatments that have been proved to be useful in the treatment of PCOS. The number of viable methods for dealing with PCOS-related infertility has increased as well. Despite the fact that clomiphene citrate (CC) has long been the gold standard for ovulation induction in the event of ovulatory infertility, aromatase inhibitors can induce ovulation with results that are nearly identical to or better than those reported with CC, aromatase inhibitors can cause ovulation with results that are nearly identical to or better than those reported with CC. Ovarian incitement conventions that intelligently utilize gonadotropins, gonadotropin-delivering hormone rivals, the approach of ovarian boring, and assisted conceptive advancements with in vitro oocyte development indicate an expanding level of therapeutic progress.
Menstrual distress in females of reproductive age: a literature review
Authors: Maqbool Rubeena , Maqbool Mudasir , Zehravi Mehrukh , Ara Irfat
Published: July 2021

Menstrual-related issues have significant public-health ramifications. Women who are having menstruation troubles should get their mental health checked by healthcare specialists. In young women, a menstrual-related condition has serious health implications. Young females who have menstrual issues miss job and school, and their behavioural and mental development suffers as a result. Depression and anxiety have an impact on women’s menstrual periods in adults. Symptoms like as cramps, tiredness, backache, swelling abdomen, and painful breasts have also been described in women with menstrual misery. Menstrual distress has been shown to impair women’s daily activities, as well as their reproductive and psychological health, according to research. Menstrual periods are frequently accompanied by a variety of unpleasant symptoms, such as premenstrual syndrome, which includes symptoms such as mild cramping and exhaustion. The severity of these symptoms, on the other hand, differs from woman to woman, depending on their health, food, way of life, and other factors. Women with menstrual-related issues have also reported smoking, alcohol intake, and an increase in hunger. Furthermore, young women experience emotional disturbances such as melancholy, restlessness, and despair. It is a sign of an atypical menstrual cycle if there is no cycle or if the bleeding is atypical or light. As a result, it is critical to maintain contact with a gynaecologist in order to detect any significant changes in a regular menstrual cycle.
Identification of the best topology of delta configured three phase induction generator for distributed generation through experimental investigations
Authors: Bala Murali Krishna Vanka , Vuddanti Sandeep
Published: July 2021

Research on Self –excited induction generator (SEIG) brings a lot of attentions in the last three decades as a promising solution in distributed generation systems with low cost investment. There are two important fixations to attend in the operation of SEIG based systems, a) excitation and b) voltage regulation. Many procedures are reported regarding selection of excitation capacitance in the literature, based on state-state analysis, dynamic modeling, empirical formulas and machine parameters which involve various levels of complexity in findings. Moreover, the voltage regulation is the main challenge in implementation of SEIG based isolated systems. To address this problem, many power electronic-based schemes are proposed in the literature and but these solutions have few demerits importantly that additional cost of equipment and troubles due to failure of protection schemes. In particular, the installation of SEIG takes place at small scale in kW range in remote/rural communities which should not face such shortcomings. Further in case of off-grid systems, the maximum loading is fixed based on connected rating of the generator. This paper presents the various methods to find excitation capacitance and illustrates an experimental investigation on different possible reactive power compensation methods of delta connected SEIG and aimed to identify a simple method for terminal voltage control without power electronics. In this experimental work, the prime-mover of the generator is a constant speed turbine, which is the emulation of a micro/pico hydro turbine. From the results, it is found that a simple delta connected excitation and delta configured reactive power compensation limits voltage regulation within ±6% while maintaining the frequency of ±1%, which make feasible of the operation successfully in remote electrification systems.
Effects of aerobic exercise on obese children with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cao Youxiang , Zhu Lin , Liu Jingxin
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is systemic metabolic disease that results from insulin resistance or obesity. Numerous meta-analyses have investigated the effect of exercise on different populations, but none were aimed at the effect of aerobic exercise alone on obese children. This review systematically assessed and performed a meta-analysis on the effect of aerobic exercise on obese children with MetS.

Content

MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and the Cochrane library were searched and screened from inception to 20 October 2020 for randomized controlled trials. The inclusion criteria were obese children who met the criteria for MetS and aged 5–19 years old in an aerobic exercise group. The meta-analysis included eight trials with a total of 197 participants. Aerobic exercise significantly improved the waist circumference (mean difference [MD]=−3.97; 95% confidence interval [CI]=−6.12 to −1.83; p<0.01), body mass index (standardized MD [SMD]=−0.5; 95% CI=−0.70 to −0.29; p<0.01), triglyceride (SMD=−24.6; 95% CI=−33.85 to −15.35; p<0.01), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD=2.36; 95% CI=0.44 to 4.27; p<0.01), and systolic blood pressure (SMD=−6.90; 95% CI=−10.46 to −3.35; p<0.01).

Based on the results of this meta-analysis, during the intervention period of the included studies, aerobic exercise alone mainly affected the lipoprotein, blood pressure, and body dimensions but cannot completely cure the MetS of obese children.

Outlook

The effects of different types of aerobic exercise on obese children with MetS and exercise dose to cure the MetS of obese children needs to be further studied.
Growth response to growth hormone (GH) treatment in children with GH deficiency (GHD) and those with idiopathic short stature (ISS) based on their pretreatment insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGFI) levels and at diagnosis and IGFI increment on treatment
Authors: Soliman Ashraf , Rogol Alan D. , Elsiddig Sohair , Khalil Ahmed , Alaaraj Nada , Alyafie Fawzia , Ahmed Hannah , Elawwa Ahmed
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Some idiopathic short stature (ISS) patients may have varying degrees of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGFI) deficiency. Others with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) (peak GH < 7 ng/dL after provocation) have normal IGFI levels. Do children with ISS or those with GHD with variable pretreatment IGFI standard deviation score (IGFISDS) have different IGFI and growth responses to recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy?

Methods

We studied the effect of GH therapy (0.035–0.06 mg/kg/day) on linear growth and weight gain per day (WGPD) in children with ISS (n=13) and those with GHD (n=10) who have low pretreatment IGFISDS (IGF SDS < −1.5) and compared them with age-matched prepubertal children with ISS (n=10) and GHD (n=17) who had normal pretreatment IGFISDS. An untreated group of children with ISS (n=12) served as a control group.

Results

At presentation, the height standard deviation score (HtSDS) of children with ISS who had low pretreatment IGFISDS was significantly lower compared to the normal IGFI group. The age, body mass index (BMI), BMISDS, peak GH response to clonidine provocation and bone age did not differ between the two study groups. After 1 year of treatment with rhGH (0.035–0.06 mg/kg/day) IGFISDS increased significantly in both groups (p<0.05). Both had significantly increased HtSDS (catch-up growth). The increase in the HtSDS and WGPD were significantly greater in the lower pretreatment IGFISDS group. The IGFSDS, BMISDS, HtSDS and difference between HtSDS and mid-parental HtSDS were significantly greater in the rhGH treated groups vs. the not treated group. In the GHD groups (normal and low IGFISDS), after 1 year of GH therapy (0.03–0.05 mg/kg/day), the HtSDS increased significantly in both, (p<0.01). The WGPD and increment in BMI were significantly greater in children who had low pretreatment IGFISDS. There was a significant increase in the IGFSDS in the two treated groups (p<0.05), however, the WGPD was greater in the pretreatment low IGFISDS.

Conclusions

IGFI deficiency represents a low anabolic state. Correction of IGFI level (through rhGH and/or improved nutrition) in short children (ISS and GHD) was associated with increased linear growth and WGPD denoting significant effect on bone growth and muscle protein accretion.
Perfect metamaterial absorber improved laser-driven flyer
Authors: Ji Xiangbo , Qin Wenzhi , Wu Xuannan , Wang Yao , Gao Fuhua , Wang Liang , Hou Yidong
Published: July 2021

Laser driven flyer (LDF) can drive small particles to ultrahigh speed (several km/s) by feeding pulse laser light, and exhibits giant application prospect in both of the civilian and military regions, such as the ignition of missile and spacecraft and dynamic high-pressure loading. In this work, we demonstrate a high-performance LDF by using the perfect metamaterial absorber (PMA) to improve the energy utilization efficiency of light. The designed Ag nanopillar array in anodic aluminum oxide templates (APA-AAO) were skillfully fabricated in-situ on the flyer layer surface, which can greatly reduce the reflectivity from 93% of the pure Al foil flyers to about 5% of the APA-AAO enhanced flyers. Our systematically transient analysis reveals that this ultralow reflectivity, together with the well-formed metal structure on Al foil, greatly improve both of the electron temperature and sustaining time of plasma formed in the ablating layer, and further enhances the acceleration process at both of the initial detonation wave generation stage (0–10 ns) and the following thermal expansion stage (10–200 ns). The final speed of the flyer generated in the PMA-enhanced LDF approach to 1730 m/s, which is about 1.4 times larger than that (1250 m/s) of the pure Al foil flyers. The transient electron temperature, transient flyer shadowgraph, plasma sustaining time, velocity, and accelerated velocity have been investigated systematically in this work. This PMA enhanced LDF provides an effective method for obtaining high-speed microparticles, and opens up a new perspective and guidance for designing high-performance LDF.
Immunostimulatory photochemotherapeutic nanocapsule for enhanced colon cancer treatment
Authors: Liu Jie , Movahedi Fatemeh , Sun Bing , Sun Luyao , Zhang Bing , Wang Jingjing , Li Li , Xu Zhi Ping
Published: July 2021

Immunotherapy has made great progress in recent years while most cancer patients cannot benefit from it. Photochemotherapy combination strategy holds great promise for developing novel immunotherapy for the patients bearing immunosuppressive tumors such as colon cancer. In this research, a novel core/shell-structured polydopamine (PDA)-based nanoplatform is constructed to load two Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved cytotoxic drugs, i.e. immunostimulatory doxorubicin (Dox) and immunomodulatory curcumin (Cur) to achieve immunostimulatory photochemotherapy of primary colon tumors upon 808 nm near infrared (NIR) irradiation (1 W/cm2 for 5 min) and subsequent prevention of rechallenged distant colon tumors. The experimental data have shown that PDA-mediated photothermal therapy (PTT) synergized two therapeutic drugs in inducing colon cancer cell death and very efficiently inhibited the primary tumor growth (by ∼92%) at very low doses of therapeutics (0.25, 5, and 30 mg/kg of Dox, Cur, and PDA, respectively). More significantly, the combined photochemotherapy promoted strong adaptive antitumor immune responses and successfully prevented tumorigenesis in the setting of tumor rechallenge model. Our research has thus demonstrated the promising efficacy of this photochemotherapeutic nanoformulation for colon cancer treatment and provided a way to improve immunostimulatory effects of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs.
Innovative fouling-resistant materials for industrial heat exchangers: a review
Authors: Françolle de Almeida Caroline , Saget Manon , Delaplace Guillaume , Jimenez Maude , Fierro Vanessa , Celzard Alain
Published: July 2021

Fouling of heat exchangers (HEs) has become a major concern across the industrial sector. Fouling is an omnipresent phenomenon but is particularly prevalent in the dairy, oil, and energy industries. Reduced energy performance that results from fouling represents significant operating loss in terms of both maintenance and impact on product quality and safety. In most industries, cleaning or replacing HEs are currently the only viable solutions for controlling fouling. This review examines the latest advances in the development of innovative materials and coatings for HEs that could mitigate the need for costly and frequent cleaning and potentially extend their operational life. To better understand the correlation between surface properties and fouling occurrence, we begin by providing an overview of the main mechanisms underlying fouling. We then present selected key strategies, which can differ considerably, for developing antifouling surfaces and conclude by discussing the current trends in the search for ideal materials for a range of applications. In our presentation of all these aspects, emphasis is given wherever possible to the potential transfer of these innovative surfaces from the laboratory to the three industries most concerned by HE fouling problems: food, petrochemicals, and energy production.
Untersuchung des Übergangs von elektrischen Kontaktöffnungsentladungen zur Flammfront eines H2-Luft-Gemisches
Authors: Uber Carsten , Franke Steffen , Hilbert Michael , Uhrlandt Dirk , Lienesch Frank
Published: July 2021

Elektrische Kontaktöffnungsentladungen sind eine potenzielle Zündquelle für brennbare Gasgemische. Betriebsmittel, in denen gegebenenfalls Kontaktentladungen auftreten, können mit einem sogenannten Funkenprüfgerät der internationalen Norm IEC 60079-11 (6te Ed.) geprüft werden. Nachteile dieser Methode sind die schlechte Reproduzierbarkeit der Ergebnisse und die Verwendung von toxischem Cadmium.

Für die Entwicklung einer Alternative wurden bisher die elektrischen Entladungen charakterisiert. Der Übergang von der Entladung zur Zündung wurde dabei noch nicht ausreichend untersucht. In diesem Artikel werden die ersten Ansätze zur Abschätzung des Temperaturfeldes mit Schlieren- und örtlich aufgelösten spektroskopischen Untersuchungen dargestellt.
Violating “laws of the state” and “laws of the organization”
Authors: Kühl Stefan
Published: July 2021

Das Verhältnis der Erwartungsbildung in Staaten durch positives Recht und der Ausbildung von Erwartungen in Organisationen durch Formalisierung ist bisher theoretisch unzureichend beleuchtet worden. Aus einer systemtheoretischen Perspektive werden in diesem Artikel die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede dieser „Rechtsbildung“ auf der Ebene des Staates und der Organisation näher untersucht. Anschließend an die Diskussion über die Frage der Verantwortung für Gesetzesverstöße aus Organisationen heraus, werden die unterschiedlichen Adressierungsversuche soziologisch eingeordnet. Dabei wird gerade im Gegensatz zur in der Literatur dominanten Annahme über Regeltreue in Organisationen argumentiert, dass es aufgrund der Verrechtlichung der modernen Gesellschaft nicht möglich ist, eine klare Trennung zwischen Verstößen gegen positivierte staatliche Gesetze und formalisierte organisationale Regeln vorzunehmen.
Exploring Older Adults' Experiences of a Home-Based, Technology-Driven Balance Training Exercise Program Designed to Reduce Fall Risk: A Qualitative Research Study Within a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ambrens Meghan , Stanners Melinda , Valenzuela Trinidad , Razee Husna , Chow Jessica , van Schooten Kimberley S. , Close Jaqueline C. T. , Clemson Lindy , Zijlstra G. A. Rixt , Lord Stephen R. , Tiedemann Anne , Alley Stephanie J. , Vandelanotte Corneel , Delbaere Kim
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose:

With an aging population, falls have become an increasing public health concern. While face-to-face exercise programs have demonstrated efficacy in reducing falls, their effectiveness is hampered by low participation and adherence. Digital technologies are a novel and potentially effective method for delivering tailored fall prevention exercise programs to older adults. In addition, they may increase the reach, uptake, and sustainability of fall prevention programs. Therefore, understanding older adults' experiences of using technology-driven methods is essential. This study explored the user experience of StandingTall, a home-based fall prevention program delivered through a tablet computer.

Methods:

Fifty participants were recruited using purposive sampling, from a larger randomized controlled trial. Participants were selected to ensure maximum variability with respect to age, gender, experience with technology, and adherence to the program. Participants undertook a one-on-one structured interview. We followed an iterative approach to develop themes.

Results and Discussion:

Eight themes were identified. These fall under 2 categories: user experience and program design. Participants found StandingTall enjoyable, and while its flexible delivery facilitated exercise, some participants found the technology challenging. Some participants expressed frustration with technological literacy, but most demonstrated an ability to overcome these challenges, and learn a new skill. Older adults who engaged in a technology-driven fall prevention program found it enjoyable, with the flexibility provided by the online delivery central to this experience. While the overall experience was positive, participants expressed mixed feelings about key design features. The embedded behavior change strategies were not considered motivating by most participants. Furthermore, some older adults associated the illustrated characters with gender-based stereotypes and negative views of aging, which can impact on motivation and preventive behavior.

Conclusion:

This study found digital technologies are an effective and enjoyable method for delivering a fall prevention program. This study highlights that older adults are interested in learning how to engage successfully with novel technologies.
Effects of Exercise Structure and Modality on Physiological and Perceptual Responses to Exercise
Authors: Bogdanis Gregory C. , Mallios Vasiliki J. , Katsikas Christos , Fouseki Theodora , Holman Iain , Smith Caitlin , Astorino Todd A.
Published: July 2021

Bogdanis, GC, Mallios, VJ, Katsikas, C, Fouseki, T, Holman, I, Smith, C, and Astorino, TA. Effects of exercise structure and modality on physiological and perceptual responses to exercise. J Strength Cond Res 35(9): 2427–2432, 2021—This study examined the effect of exercise mode and intensity on physiological and perceptual responses to exercise. Twelve active adults (6 men and 6 women, age = 21.7 ± 1.6 years) initially performed incremental testing on the treadmill (TM) and cycle ergometer (CE) to assess maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o
2max) and ventilatory threshold (VT). During the next 4 visits in a randomized order, subjects performed 20 minutes of moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) at an intensity 20% below VT on the TM (TMMICE) and cycle ergometer (CEMICE) as well as time-matched high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE; 10 1-minute bouts at workload equal to 20% above VT followed by 1-minute active recovery) on both modes (TMHIIE and CEHIIE). During exercise, gas exchange data, blood lactate concentration, and perceptual responses (rating of perceived exertion, affective valence, and enjoyment) were assessed. Heart rate (p < 0.001) and V̇o
2 (p < 0.001) were higher in response to TMHIIE vs. CEHIIE as well as TMMICE vs. CEMICE. Blood lactate concentration was higher (p = 0.003) in response to CEHIIE vs. TMHIIE. The rating of perceived exertion was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in TMMICE compared with CEMICE which showed the most positive affective valence (p = 0.009). Enjoyment was similar across all bouts (p = 0.11). Treadmill-based HIIE leads to higher heart rate and V̇o
2 vs. CEHIIE, although there was no difference in affective valence or enjoyment. Practitioners aiming to optimize the cardiorespiratory response to moderate or interval exercise in their clientele should recommend TM running rather than cycling.
Development of a Laboratory Rotary Compactor and a Miniature Cone for the Quality Control of Backfills
Authors: Lai Jiunnren , Lai Ming-Hong , Yu Chih-Peng
Published: July 2021

The Proctor test has been performed in conjunction with the field sand cone test for the quality control of earthworks for decades. However, the way that compaction energy is applied in a Proctor test (drop weight) is different from most of the field compactors (rotary/vibratory). The compaction characteristics, such as maximum dry density and optimum moisture content (OMC), are very likely to vary with compaction methods. Furthermore, performing a sand cone test is time consuming and can only obtain the physical properties (such as density and water content) rather than the engineering properties (such as bearing capacity or strength) of backfills. The objective of this study is to bridge the gap between the difference in laboratory and field compaction and to develop a quick and economic method for the quality control of backfills. To achieve this goal, a rotary compactor and a miniature dynamic cone penetrometer were developed. Samples of a silty clay were compacted using the rotary compactor at various moisture contents. In addition to the dry density, the California bearing ratio (CBR), stress wave velocity, as well as penetration resistance of the miniature cone of these samples were measured. It was found that the OMCs obtained from rotary compaction are higher than values obtained from Proctor compaction. Linear relationships between the CBR and stress wave velocities with dynamic cone penetration resistance were also found.
AMPA Receptors Exist in Tunable Mobile and Immobile Synaptic FractionsIn Vivo
Authors: Gray Daniel T. , De Biase Lindsay M.
Published: July 2021

Highlighted Research Paper:AMPA Receptors Exist in Tunable Mobile and Immobile Synaptic FractionsIn Vivo, by Haiwen Chen, Richard H. Roth, Elena Lopez-Ortega, Han L. Tan, and Richard L. Huganir.
Implicit Visuomotor Adaptation Remains Limited after Several Days of Training
Authors: Wilterson Sarah A. , Taylor Jordan A.
Published: July 2021

Learning in sensorimotor adaptation tasks has been viewed as an implicit learning phenomenon. The implicit process affords recalibration of existing motor skills so that the system can adjust to changes in the body or environment without relearning from scratch. However, recent findings suggest that the implicit process is heavily constrained, calling into question its utility in motor learning and the theoretical framework of sensorimotor adaptation paradigms. These inferences have been based mainly on results from single bouts of training, where explicit compensation strategies, such as explicitly re-aiming the intended movement direction, contribute a significant proportion of adaptive learning. It is possible, however, that the implicit process supersedes explicit compensation strategies over repeated practice sessions. We tested this by dissociating the contributions of explicit re-aiming strategies and the implicit process in human participants over five consecutive days of training. Despite a substantially longer duration of training, the implicit process still plateaued at a value far short of complete learning and, as has been observed in previous studies, was inappropriate for a mirror-reversal task. Notably, we find significant between subject differences that call into question traditional interpretation of these group-level results.
FENOLİK BİLEŞİKLERİN ALIÇ MEYVESİNDEN (Creategus monogyna) MİKRODALGA VE ULTRASES DESTEKLİ YÖNTEMLER İLE EKSTRAKSİYONU
Authors: YILMAZ Merve Sılanur , KUTLU KANTAR Naciye , ERDEM Gizem , ŞAKIYAN DEMİRKOL Özge , İŞCİ YAKAN Asli
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışmada, alıç meyvesinden mikrodalga (MDE) ve ultrases destekli ekstraksiyon (UDE) yöntemleri kullanılarak, fenolik maddeler ekstrakte edilmiştir. MDE yöntemi, farklı katı oranları, farklı ekstraksiyon süreleri ve farklı mikrodalga güçlerinde, UDE yöntemi ise, farklı katı oranları ve sonikasyon sürelerinde uygulanmıştır. Maserasyon yöntemi kontrol grubu olarak kullanılmıştır. Maserasyon, MDE ve UDE yöntemleriyle elde edilen ekstraktların toplam fenolik madde (TFM) miktarları ve renk değerleri belirlenmiştir. En yüksek TFM miktarları MDE, UDE ve maserasyon yöntemlerinde sırasıyla 9.31, 5.34 ve 3.00 mg GAE/g kuru madde olarak bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlara göre MDE yöntemi ile elde edilen miktar, UDE ve maserasyona kıyasla sırasıyla 1.7 ve 3.1 kat daha fazladır. Bunun yanında MDE ile elde edilen L* değerlerinin daha düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, MDE yönteminin, alıç meyvesinden fenolik madde ekstraksiyonu için en uygun yöntem olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
MODEL SÜTLÜ TATLIDA HOMOJEN OLMAYAN DAĞILIM İLE YAĞ AZALTMA
Authors: BAYSAL Müge , ELMACI Yeşim
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışmada, model sütlü tatlıda katmanlı bir yapı oluşturularak homojen olmayan dağılım ile yağ azaltma amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, %5 yağ içeriğine sahip model sütlü tatlı ve yağ içeriği %25 ve %30 azalacak şekilde homojen ve inhomojen dağılıma sahip sütlü tatlı formülasyonları hazırlanmıştır. Aynı yağ içeriğine sahip homojen örneklerin L* değerinin inhomojen örneklerin L* değerinden daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Örneklerin a* ve b* değerlerinin sırasıyla -2.07 ile -2.51 ve 10.86-12.63 arasında değiştiği ve yağı azaltılmış örneklerin sertlik, dış yapışkanlık, iç yapışkanlık, sakızımsılık, çiğnenebilirlik ve esneklik değerleri arasında fark olmadığı saptanmıştır. Yağ içeriği %25 azaltılmış homojen ve inhomojen yapıdaki formülasyonların görünüş ve ağızda algılanan kıvam değerleri diğer formülasyonlara göre daha yüksek belirlenmiştir. İnhomojen yapıda, yağ içeriği %25 azaltılmış tatlı örneğinin lezzet açısından en çok tercih edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, inhomojen katmanlı yapı ile yağ içeriği azaltılmış model sütlü tatlıların homojen dağılım gösteren örneklere göre daha fazla tercih edildiği belirlenmiştir.
Meteorological conditions during the MOSAiC expedition
Authors: Rinke Annette , Cassano John J. , Cassano Elizabeth N. , Jaiser Ralf , Handorf Dörthe
Published: July 2021

This article sets the near-surface meteorological conditions during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate expedition in the context of the interannual variability and extremes within the past 4 decades. Hourly ERA5 reanalysis data for the Polarstern trajectory for 1979–2020 are analyzed. The conditions were relatively normal given that they were mostly within the interquartile range of the preceding 4 decades. Nevertheless, some anomalous and even record-breaking conditions did occur, particularly during synoptic events. Extreme cases of warm, moist air transported from the northern North Atlantic or northwestern Siberia into the Arctic were identified from late fall until early spring. Daily temperature and total column water vapor were classified as being among the top-ranking warmest/wettest days or even record-breaking based on the full record. Associated with this, the longwave radiative fluxes at the surface were extremely anomalous for these winter cases. The winter and spring period was characterized by more frequent storm events and median cyclone intensity ranking in the top 25th percentile of the full record. During summer, near melting point conditions were more than a month longer than usual, and the July and August 2020 mean conditions were the all-time warmest and wettest. These record conditions near the Polarstern were embedded in large positive temperature and moisture anomalies over the whole central Arctic. In contrast, unusually cold conditions occurred during the beginning of November 2019 and in early March 2020, related to the Arctic Oscillation. In March, this was linked with anomalously strong and persistent northerly winds associated with frequent cyclone occurrence to the southeast of the Polarstern.
Política evaluativa docente y procesos de subjetivación neoliberal en el profesorado chileno
Authors: Mateluna Estay Hernán
Published: July 2021

En un contexto en Chile de demandas sociales contra las lógicas del neoliberalismo, esta investigación, que es parte de un estudio más amplio, utiliza un enfoque Foucaultiano para analizar la política evaluativa oficial a la docencia como tecnología neoliberal vigente que estaría produciendo transformaciones en la subjetividad y en las prácticas del profesorado. Es un estudio cualitativo que utiliza la entrevista semiestructurada en profundidad como técnica de análisis.  Mediante la realización de 22 entrevistas a profesores de escuelas financiadas con fondos públicos, se identifican procesos de adhesión a la política evaluativa por la seducción a los incentivos económicos que esta propone y por la posibilidad de validar su práctica docente a partir de las categorizaciones que emplean estas evaluaciones.
Methacrylic resin for protection of wood from discoloration by mould growth and weathering
Authors: Kim Injeong , Karlsson Olov , Myronycheva Olena , Jones Dennis , Sandberg Dick
Published: July 2021

The discoloration of uncoated wood surfaces in both outdoor and indoor use in non-heated spaces has become an increasing problem in European timber constructions due to the use of less toxic substances for protection and also changes in outdoor climate conditions, necessitating the use of protective coatings. To investigate the effect of methyl methacrylic (MMA) resin for the protection of wood from discoloration and mould growth, resin-treated wood surfaces were studied in a laboratory-scale mould test, as well as in an outdoor weathering test. Non-modified Scots pine and Norway spruce were used, and some of the test materials were also thermally modified. The resin suppressed mould growth for the laboratory-scale experiments. The protective effect was considerably reduced for outdoor tests. The MA resin did not effectively prevent the wood from greying from ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure; there was some protective effect detected on the pine. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of weathered specimens showed a reduction of lignin-associated absorption bands for all treatments, which corresponded to the UV degradation and greying of the wood surface. It is suggested that MMA resin may provide adequate protection against mould growth on wood without direct exposure to rain and sunshine (e.g., attics, basements, etc).
Using four pelletizing machines with flat die and different capacities for obtaining the best pellets from corn cobs waste
Authors: Lunguleasa Aurel , Spirchez Cosmin , Radulescu Sorin
Published: July 2021

Making pellets from corn cobs, the goal of this work, was motivated by the abundance of vegetable biomass. Corn is used in both animal and human food. Four pelletizing presses with flat die and different capacities were considered. The influence of the capacity of the pellet mills on the density of the obtained pellets was established by increasing the capacities of the pellet mills to increase the density of the pellets. The waste of crushed corn cobs was used for pelletizing. The energy characteristics of the pellets from corn cobs were determined, with a high calorific value of 20.0 MJ·kg-1 and a calorific density of 19.8 MJ·m-3; these values were much higher than the wood species used currently in combustion. The black and calcined ash contents of 24.7% and 2.3%, respectively, were also obtained. Based on the main properties of experimental pellets, corn cob waste can be regarded as suitable for transformation into pellets with good characteristics. The positive influence of capacity press increase on density of pellets was also highlighted.
Study of Interaction of Glycerol Cryoprotectant and Its Derivatives with Dimethylacetamide in Aqueous Solution Using Fluorescent Probes
Authors:   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Dyubko Tetiana , Pivovarenko Vasyl ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Chekanova Valentina ,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Pakhomova Yuliya ,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Gvozdiuk Yana ,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Kompaniets Antonina ,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Tatarets Anatoliy ,   Institute for Single Crystals of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv
Published: July 2021

In this paper we have studied the interaction of the mixtures of glycerol (GL) and its oxyethylated derivatives (OEG) with polymerization degree n = 3, 25 and 30 with dimethylacetamide (DMAc) in aqueous solution using 3-hydroxy-4´-(N, N dimethylaminoflavone) fluorescent probe. The combination of GL and its oxyethylated derivatives with DMAc was found to reduce the membranotropy of certain cryoprotective agents, forming a mixture. The combination of both GL and its low molecular weight derivative (OEGn=3) with DMAc reduced the membranotropy of the latter. At the same time, combining GL derivatives of high molecular weight (OEGn=25 and OEGn=30) with DMAc diminished the membranotropy of OEG. The OEGn=30 at concentrations above 1 wt.% was shown to form the micellar-type structures or micellar associates in aqueous solution. This enabled suggesting the membranotropic ability of high molecular weight OEG associates to be stipulated by possible interaction of their nonpolar segments with nonpolar sites on biomembrane surface. Structural rearrangements of molecular associates in aqueous solutions of low and high molecular weight cryoprotectant mixtures were designated as the experimentally established mechanism of cytotoxicity reduction in combined cryoprotective media.
Результати фізичного пуску та програма дослідно-промислової експлуатації ядерної підкритичної установки «Джерело нейтронів»
Authors: Карнаухов Іван Михайлович
Published: July 2021

У доповіді розглянуто результати виконаних робіт із завершення спорудження та початку проведення фізичного пуску ядерної підкритичної установки «Джерело нейтронів, засноване на підкритичній збірці, керованій прискорювачем електронів». Введення в дію цієї унікальної інноваційної установки відкриває перспективи для побудови в Україні безпечної, екологічно чистої ядерної енергетики майбутнього та сприятиме розвитку науково-технічного потенціалу держави.
Quality of Care in US NICUs by Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Edwards Erika M. , Greenberg Lucy T. , Profit Jochen , Draper David , Helkey Daniel , Horbar Jeffrey D.
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Summary measures are used to quantify a hospital’s quality of care by combining multiple metrics into a single score. We used Baby-MONITOR, a summary quality measure for NICUs, to evaluate quality by race and ethnicity across and within NICUs in the United States.

METHODS

Vermont Oxford Network members contributed data from 2015 to 2019 on infants from 25 to 29 weeks’ gestation or of 401 to 1500 g birth weight who were inborn or transferred to the reporting hospital within 28 days of birth. Nine Baby-MONITOR measures were individually risk adjusted, standardized, equally weighted, and averaged to derive scores for African American, Hispanic, Asian American, and American Indian infants, compared with white infants.

RESULTS

This prospective cohort included 169 400 infants at 737 hospitals. Across NICUs, Hispanic and Asian American infants had higher Baby-MONITOR summary scores, compared with those of white infants. African American and American Indian infants scored lower on process measures, and all 4 minority groups scored higher on outcome measures. Within NICUs, the mean summary scores for African American, Hispanic, and Asian American NICU subsets were higher, compared with those of white infants in the same NICU. American Indian summary NICU scores were not different, on average.

CONCLUSIONS

With Baby-MONITOR, we identified differences in NICU quality by race and ethnicity. However, the summary score masked within-measure quality gaps that raise unanswered questions about the relationships between race and ethnicity and processes and outcomes of care.
Andrological and cytogenetic investigations of an infertile Przewalski’s stallion
Authors: Kútvölgyi Gabriella , Brabender Kristin , Andersson Magnus , Javkhlan Ariuntungalag , Nagy Szabolcs , Páble Tamás , Egerszegi István , Hidas András , Soós István , Kovács András
Published: July 2021

The case of an 8-year-old, sexually active but infertile Przewalski’s stallion (Equus ferus przewalskii) was studied. Besides the infertility, the stallion also showed permanent problems with its body condition, being obviously weaker than all the other group members. The horse was kept in a separate place for two years with 12 mares in its harem group (six mares had foals earlier); however, none of the mares covered got pregnant. Andrological and cytogenetic investigations revealed underdeveloped testes, arrested spermatogenesis, azoospermia, and XY/XXY/X0 mosaicism. We classify the case as a mosaic Klinefelter syndrome, the first reported case in Przewalski’s horse.
Cooligomers from morpholine-2,5-dione and para-dioxanone and catalyst complex SnOct2/2-hydroxyethyl sulfide
Authors: Liang Xiao , Behl Marc , Luetzow Karola , Lendlein Andreas
Published: July 2021

Complexes from catalysts and initiator can be used to insert a specific number of additional chemical functional groups in (co)polymers prepared by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactones. We report on the synthesis of cooligomers from sec-butyl-morpholine-2,5-dione (SBMD) and para-dioxanone (PDX) by ROP with varied feed ratios in the bulk using the catalyst complex SnOct2/2-hydroxyethyl sulfide. Mn of the cooligomers (determined by GPC) decreased with decreasing SBMD feed ratio from 4200 ± 420 to 800 ± 80 g mol−1. When the feed ratio was reduced from 80 to 50 mol% the molar ratio of SBMD of the cooligomers (determined by 1H-NMR) remained nearly unchanged between 81 and 86 mol% and was attributed to a higher reactivity of SBMD. This assumption was confirmed by fractionation of GPC, in which an increase of SBMD with increasing molecular weight was observed. The catalyst/initiator system provides a high potential to create orthogonal building blocks by cleavage of the sulfide bond.

Graphic abstract
Розвиток сучасних бізнес-стратегій та аутсорсингової діяльності суб’єктів національної економіки: сутність та напрями
Authors: Купріна Н. М.
Published: July 2021

В сучасних умовах діяльності та розвитку суб’єктів національної економіки України актуальнимє дослідження зарубіжного досвіду та досліджень вітчизняними ученими сучасних бізнес-стратегій тавпровадження нових напрямів діяльності суб’єктів національної економіки для забезпечення ефектив-ності їх функціонування та конкурентоспроможності. Дослідження публікацій учених показало, що аут-сорсинг, як напрям діяльності на підставі ділового партнерства, трактується не однаково, але сучасніглобальні тенденції у розвитку діяльності підприємств спрямовані у сферу послуг та інформаційнихтехнологій та отримання «ключових компетенцій», заснованих на співпраці і соконкуренціі, викорис-танні переваг малих і середніх підприємств. Обґрунтовано, що для забезпечення конкурентоспромож-ності та ефективності функціонування суб’єктів національної економіки в Україні необхідна їх економі-чна трансформація – персистентна, де м'якою трансформацією діяльності є саме здійснення аутсор-сингової діяльності суб’єктів на основі різних підходів та видів аутсорсингу. Розроблена система кри-теріальної оцінки персистентної трансформації харчової промисловості в системі оцінювання персис-тентності діяльності її суб’єктів в контексті забезпечення її конкурентоспроможності.
Діагностика показників доданої вартості та логістичних витрат у ланцюгу ринку зернових і хлібних продуктів України
Authors: Нікішина О. В.
Published: July 2021

Стаття присвячена емпіричному дослідженню ланкових показників доданої вартості й логістич-них витрат у ланцюгу ринку зернових і хлібних продуктів України. Визначено міжланкові співвідношенняголовних показників ефективності та відтворювальні диспропорції у розвитку ринкового ланцюга. Вста-новлено, що у міру зростання ступеню переробки продукції в ланцюгу «пшениця – борошно – хліб», рі-вень її рентабельності зменшується за одночасного зростання податкового навантаження та зміни стру-ктури доданої вартості в напрямі збільшення частки заробітної плати та скорочення питомої ваги прибу-тку. Доведено, що ланка виробництва хлібобулочних виробів, виконуючи вагому соціальну й податковуроль в ринковій системі, недоотримує додану вартість, що гальмує її відтворювальний розвиток на інно-ваційній основі. Наголошено, що невирішеність проблеми структурних диспропорцій у ланцюгу ринкузернових і хлібних продуктів поступово трансформує цей ланцюг в напрямі скорочення завершеного ци-клу переробки та міграції доданої вартості у «тіньові» сфери переробних ланок. Проведено діагностикулогістичних витрат у ланковому вимірі, вперше розраховано логістичну компоненту доданої вартості.Визначено напрями і заходи продовження ринкового ланцюга вартості у контексті досягнення цілей На-ціональної економічної стратегії до 2030 р.
Вартісні аспекти управлінського оцінювання результативності капіталотворення на підприємстві
Authors: Вовчак О. Д. , Мельник О. В.
Published: July 2021

У статті представлено результати розвитку методичного базису оцінювання управлінської ре-зультативності капіталотворення з урахуванням сучасного доробку теорії вартості підприємства. Ви-значено сучасну проблематику вартісного оцінювання результатів капіталотворення, сформованосукупності аналітичних індикаторів оцінювання управлінської результативності капіталотворення від-повідно до логіки оцінювання вартості капіталу на основі концепції економічного прибутку. У ході дос-лідження використано методи VBM-аналізу, ReOI-модель, метод кореляційного аналізу факторів фо-рмування вартості. Наукова новизна отриманих результатів полягає у розвитку аналітичного інстру-ментарію вартісного оцінювання управлінської результативності капіталотворення на підприємствах.Практичне значення отриманих результатів полягає у визначенні найбільш впливових чинників з точкизору забезпечення зростання капітальних результатів вітчизняних промислових підприємств.
Деякі проблеми функціонування малого бізнесу в умовах пандемії
Authors: Колесник В. І.
Published: July 2021

Стаття розглядає деякі проблеми функціонування підприємств малого бізнесу за умов всесвіт-ньої пандемії COVID-19. Проаналізовано природу впливу пандемії на роботу малого бізнесу, що ви-ражається насамперед в необхідності адаптації до нових умов пандемічних обмежень протягом 2020-2021 років. Визначаються проблеми науки та практики менеджменту щодо недостатнього рівня управ-лінської антикризової компетенції керівників задля пристосовування до нових реалій середовища; яко-сті зворотного зв’язку в процесі суб’єктно-об’єктної взаємодії, рівня інноваційності систем управління,якості фахової підготовки управлінських кадрів, а також проблеми фінансової підтримки державоюпідприємств малого бізнесу в кризові періоди.Запропоновано підхід до вирішення деяких проблем бізнесу за умов пандемії, що полягає ворганізації системи професійної підготовки управлінських кадрів, яка дасть змогу керівникам вирішу-вати завдання з оперативної антикризової трансформації бізнесу в разі ймовірного повторення подіб-них ситуацій в майбутньому.