bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Nanosil D2 Disinfectant on the Surface Roughness of Denture Base Acrylic Resin
Authors: Ghaffari Tahereh , Ghasemi Shima , Shoja Aghdam Navide , Ataei Kosar , Omrani Rad Elnaz
Published: January 2023

Background: The chemical disinfectants used for reducing the plaque accumulation should have the least side-effects on the surface of the denture base. This study investigates the impact of Nanosil D2 solution on the surface roughness of acrylic denture base in the laboratory. Methods: This experiment was conducted on 44 Acropars acrylic resin samples that were divided equally into the experimental (n=22) and control (n=22) groups through random selection. The surface roughness of all samples was measured by using the PS1 profilometer according to Ra and Rz. Then, for eight hours, the control samples were put in the water and the experimental samples were put in Nanosil disinfectant solution, and then the samples were extracted and put in distilled water for 16 hours. The disinfectant solution was changed once in a day and this process continued for 180 days. After 180 days, the surface roughness of the samples was measured once again. The data was evaluated through SPSS software 17. Results: There was no significant difference in the mean Ra between pre-test and post-test values in each group (P>0.05); however, after immersion in the solutions, the mean Ra was significantly more in Nanosil group (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the mean Rz in Nanosil group before and after immersion in the solution, (P<0.05); however, there was not any difference in the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion: The use of Nanosil D2 solution for disinfecting the acrylic denture base in 180 days and 8 hours per day simulating four years, does not cause significant changes in its surface roughness.
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome Superinfection in a Child with COVID-19: A Brief Case Report
Authors: Hoseininasab Ali , Sinaei Reza , Jafari Maedeh , Abbaslu Parvin
Published: January 2023

Background: While the exact prevalence of bacterial co-infection and superinfection in children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains unclear, numerous scattered reports of it are on the rise. Case Presentation: Our case was a 14-month-old infant with fever, truncal erythema, and scalded skin in flexor folds and also in perianal and perioral regions. A positive Nikolsky’s sign was observed. The oropharyngeal mucosa was intact. The patient was diagnosed with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) according to clinical features and a skin culture report. Due to the general impact of COVID-19 these days, the patient was evaluated for coronavirus via a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, and the result was positive. The patient successfully responded to the treatment which included hydration, wet compress, topical emollient, topical mupirocin for periorificial regions, and intravenous clindamycin. He was discharged after nine days without any complications. Conclusion: This case highlights a clear bacterial infection superimposed on COVID-19. Nevertheless, inconspicuous cases of co-infections remain obscure and require a more diagnostic suspicion.
Fatigue in multiple sclerosis is a diagnostic challenge: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hosseini Samaneh , Yazdchi Mohammad , Sahraian Mohammad Ali , Majidi Sadra , Taher Sahar , Hassannezhad Sina , Mosaddeghi Heris Reza
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and unpredictable demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). While MS is mostly known for muscle weakness, numbness, and pain, but fatigue is the most common complaint of this condition. Despite this fact, MS related fatigue is one of the most misunderstood symptoms. Methods: A non-interventional study of 100 individuals was conducted in the MS clinic, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Patients were divided into groups with and without complaints of fatigue. The course of the disease was determined for all patients. To quantify fatigue, the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) was used. Furthermore, mood disorders, pain, disability, nocturia, insomnia, and spasticity were evaluated among the patients. Results: Overall, fatigue was diagnosed in 61 through 100 patients. Depression was reported in 23 patients of whom 19 had fatigue (P=0.015). 40 patients showed anxiety 33 of which had fatigue (P>0.001). 53 patients of whom reported to have pain (76 patients) showed fatigue (P=0.001). Insomnia was reported in 27 patients, where 21 of them had fatigue (P=0.036). Nocturia was reported in 10 patients, of whom 9 had fatigue (P=0.047). Spasticity was detected in 9 patients, all of whom had fatigue (P=0.012). Conclusion: There are several factors directly and indirectly associated with fatigue that are either fatigue-induced, caused by fatigue, or showing a two-way relationship with it. Understanding these links and attempting to reduce them will improve the quality of life for these patients.
COVID-19 and conjunctivitis: A contemporary literature review
Authors: Khavandi Siamak , Tabibzadeh Elsa , Shoar Saeed , Mohamadkhani Mahdi , Khavandi Soheila
Published: January 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since its first appearance in December 2019, COVID-19 has been responsible for a number of global outbreaks and has claimed the lives of nearly three million people as of April 2021. High infection rate, loss of taste and smell, fever, cough, and severely adverse effects on the respiratory system have been the chief attributes of the virus. However, SARS-CoV-2 has been linked to other symptoms, many of which are extra-pulmonary or not directly related to the respiratory system. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on various ophthalmic outcomes has been manifested in many reports and literature tracing the link between COVID-19 and ocular findings in patients suffering from COVID-19. One recurrent case report presented in the literature is related to the presentation of conjunctivitis in COVID-19 patients. Conjunctivitis is a viral infection causing inflammation in conjunctiva, episclera and eyelids resulting in a change of color in eyes, called pink eyes. Swelling, itching, pain, and eye burn are some of the common symptoms. The present study reviews the latest literature on the subject by focusing on the reports of conjunctivitis symptoms in patients with COVID-19.
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica: An emerging pathogen causing septicemia in an Immunocompromised patient
Authors: Goel Pallaavi , Rajni Ekadashi , Rijhwani Puneet
Published: January 2023

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is a rare, gram-negative bacterium, which is known as the causing agent for hospital-acquired infections, especially in immunocompromised patients and those with indwelling devices. E. meningoseptica is resistant to the most of the antibiotics making the treatment procedure a difficult task, because of which this bacterium is considered as an emerging cause of high mortality in critically ill patients. Herein, we describe a case of E. meningoseptica causing bacteremia in a young chronic kidney disease (CKD) patient who was successfully managed with an appropriate use of suitable antimicrobials. The case highlights the importance of constant and active interaction between the clinician and the microbiologist to handle such novel organisms.
Comparison of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease
Authors: Sadra Vahideh , Rahimi Mehran , Najafipour Farzad , Habibi Reza
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and subsequent end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are public health problems worldwide, and their prevalence is increasing worldwide. Abnormalities in calcium and phosphorus are common problems that need to be considered alongside other important factors when choosing a dialysis method. Hence, the present study aimed to assess and compare the calcium and phosphorus homeostasis in ESRD patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis (PD). Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 150 patients with ESRD on hemodialysis and 150 patients with ESRD on PD in the dialysis department of Imam Reza hospital of Tabriz University were selected randomly. The serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) before the initiation of dialysis and one year afterward were considered for comparison. Results: In the hemodialysis group, 33.1% of patients were female and 66.9% were male but in the PD group, sex distribution was 47% males and 53% females. Following one year of dialysis, mean calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and iPTH levels were significantly higher in the hemodialysis group compared to PD patients (P<0.05). Also, the mean Ca×P product was significantly higher in patients undergoing PD (P=0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggested that calcium, phosphorus and iPTH levels increase with prolonged hemodialysis rather than PD, and the rate of Ca×P in patients is significantly higher in PD patients after one year.
A novel method for early detection of MIC value – Broth dilution using indicator solution versus agar dilution: an original article
Authors: Das Roy Rohon , Das Gupta Subhayan
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The adequate protocol for treatment of an infection is often determined on the basis of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the causative organism. Traditional methods (agar dilution, microbroth dilution, and gradient diffusion) are labour intensive and time consuming (they are usually take over 48 hours to report the results). On the other hand, automated systems (VITEK™, Phoenix™, MicroScan WalkAway™) and rapid methods of MIC detection (using dielectrophoresis (DEP), magnetic bead rotation sensors and microfluidic incubation) require expensive instruments. This study is aimed to develop a rapid MIC detection method with the ability to applied to a resource limited setting. Methods: Agar dilution method and a novel broth dilution method (containing indicator solution) were simultaneously performed using amikacin, ceftriaxone, piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, cefoxitin and azithromycin. Results: Isolates of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp, Klebsiella spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Acinetobacter spp and Pseudomonas spp were used. The MIC values for Enterobacteriaceae and S. aureus isolates for each antibiotic were obtained within 4 to 5 hours by a novel broth dilution method. The obtained MIC values were corresponded with the MIC shown on the following day by agar dilution method. Conclusion: Broth dilution method with indicator solution is effective in rapid determination of the MIC for cephalosporins, penicillin, carbapenems, cephamycin, aminoglycosides and macrolides for most isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and S. aureus. Unfortunately this method did not work for the non-fermenter group of organisms like Pseudomonas spp and Acinetobacter spp, as their results could not be obtained before 24 hours. The method is time saving, relatively inexpensive and is applicable to resource limited settings.
The prognostic values of platelet to lymphocyte ratio for predicting mortality in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ala Alireza , Ghobadi Jafar , Yaghubi Haleh , Adib Ali
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a life-threatening disease that can cause multi-organ damage and ultimately lead to death. Early diagnosis and treatment significantly reduce morbidity and mortality rates in high-risk patients. This study aimed to explore the prognostic values of platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in predicting mortality in patients with mesenteric ischemia. Methods: This prospective study included 126 patients with a complaint of acute abdominal pain, suggesting mesenteric ischemia. Demographic data and measured variables were determined using a pre-designed questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using t test analysis, Spearman correlation analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Of 126 studied cases, mesenteric ischemia was confirmed in 47 patients. The mean age in patients with mesenteric ischemia (68 years) was significantly higher than that of non-ischemic patients (65 years). Mean blood bicarbonate level in non-ischemic patients (13.53 mmol/L) was higher than ischemic patients (11.15 mmol/L) (P<0.0001). PLR in patients with mesenteric ischemia and non-ischemic patients was 159 and 151, respectively; this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.14). The overall mortality rate in this study was 61%. Conclusion: Even though the PLR increases in patients with systemic inflammation, it cannot distinguish between patients with mesenteric ischemia and other inflammatory conditions.
A survey on the knowledge of patients’ companions about the concept and application of hospital triage
Authors: Yasinzadeh Mohammadreza , Shahriari Hila , Rezai Mahdi , Eslami Mohammad , Banijamal Mehdi , Amiri Hasan
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Given the importance of the subject and the knowledge gap, we decided to perform this survey. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the knowledge levels of patients’ companions about the concept and application of hospital triage were evaluated in 202 subjects. The research population included patient companions referred to the emergency department (ED). The exclusion criterion was the failure to complete the questionnaire. Convenience sampling was done. Questionnaires were delivered to the companions of the patients. In this study, the data gathering tool was a questionnaire consisting of two parts. The final questionnaire included 13 questions, 10 and 3 of which were closed (multiple choice) and open questions, respectively. Finally, the age, level of education, and gender were also asked from participants. The level of patient triage was also determined in this research. Results: 202 questionnaires were completed by companions of patients admitted to the ED. The mean age of those who completed the questionnaire was 39.95±17.92 years, and 192 individuals expressed their gender, of which 123 (64.1%) and 69 (35.9%) persons were male and female, respectively. The level of education was also reported in 180 people. Moreover, diploma and postgraduate diplomas, bachelor’s degrees, and postgraduate or doctoral degrees were observed in 59 (32.77%), 90 (50%), and 31 (17.22%) patients’ companions respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that the knowledge about the concept of triage among ordinary people of the society is lower than the desired level.
Evaluating the risk of road traffic accidents (RTAs) and the reaction time of individuals with attention deficit disorder(ADD) in the virtual environment: A study protocol using the Sahand driving simulator and the Vienna test system
Authors: Masoudi Nazanin , Rezaei Mahdi , Farahbakhsh Mostafa , Zamani-Sani Hojjat , Abdi Salman , Sadeghi-Bazargani Homayoun
Published: January 2023

Background. Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) are one of the essential causes of mortality;therefore, it is crucial to investigate the influencing factors. Studies indicate that drivers with attention deficit disorder have weaker driving performance than others. Therefore, it is vital to evaluate their driving performance in various circumstances, given their distinctive driving patterns. Methods. In this methodological study, a total of 62 individuals in both genders, aged 18 to 59, 31 with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and 31 in a control group were randomly referred to the Sahand driving simulator or take the tests of Vienna Test System (VTS),after a definitive diagnosis by a psychiatrist . This study protocol aims to compare the driving performance of ADHD drivers with that of control group drivers. In addition, a joint investigation of driving simulator assessments and the Vienna Test System (VTS) including Reaction time (RT) and Adaptive Tachistoscopic Traffic Perception Test (ATAVT) will be performed.
The role of glial glutamate transporter in the baseline synaptic response and short-term synaptic plasticity of CA1 area of the hippocampus in male Wistar rat
Authors: Saeedi Negin , Heysieattalab Soomaayeh , Janahmadi Mahyar , Hosseinmardi Narges
Published: January 2023

Background. Glial cells release different gliotransmitters and response to neurotransmitters released from neurons. These cells especially astrocytes, having different transporters, play an important role in synaptic space homeostasis and synaptic plasticity. In this study, the role of hippocampal glial glutamate transporter (EAAT2) in baseline synaptic response and short term synaptic plasticity were investigated. Methods. In this experimental study, ceftriaxone, EAAT2 activator (0.5mmol/0.5μl), was microinjected intrahippcampally for activation of hippocampal glial glutamate transporter in male wistar rats. Baseline synaptic response and short term synaptic plasticity were evaluated by field potential recording. fEPSP was recorded from CA1 following Schaffer collaterals stimulation. After Input/Output curve construction, short term synaptic plasticity was induced by paired pulse stimulations. Results. Activation of EAAT2 by ceftriaxone microinjection in CA1 did not have any effect on baseline synaptic response (P> 0.05, Two Way ANOVA). There was no significant difference in Paired Pulse Index at 20, 80, and 200 ms inter-pulse interval between ceftriaxone treated and control group (P> 0.05, Two Way ANOVA). Conclusion. The results suggest that hippocampal glial glutamate transporter activation does not have effect on baseline synaptic response and short term synaptic plasticity in CA1 area of the hippocampus. Practical implications. Considering the role of glial cells in regulating the excitability of the nervous system as well as synaptic plasticity, correcting these features of the nervous system by manipulating glial cells can help the treatment or prevention of neurological diseases. In this study, the role of glial cells in the homeostasis of the glutamate in the synaptic space of the hippocampus was evaluated, through the stimulation of its uptake, on the basic synaptic activity and short-term synaptic plasticity.
Injection of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) for the treatment of Coronavirus induced cytokine storm
Authors: Farnood Farahnoosh , Valizadeh Hamed , Ansarin Khalil , Zununi Vahed Sepideh , Hejazian Seyyed Sina , Sadeghi Armin , Namvar Leila , Rashidi Farid , Hejazian Seyyedeh Mina , Ardalan Mohammadreza , Sharifi Akbar
Published: January 2023

Background. COVID-19 disease is the cause of daily morbidity and mortality worldwide due to its high transmissibility and pathogenicity. To date, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) injection has been used as one of the various treatments for this disease. This study aimed to determine the effect of IVIg injection on the treatment of patients with Coronavirus-induced cytokine storm. Methods. A total of 174 patients with COVID-19 were included in this study based on their clinical characteristics and laboratory findings and were divided into two groups of IVIg recipients and non-recipients according to the treatment they received. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.0. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. IVIg was used to treat merely 20 patients and Kaletra and hemoperfusion drugs were used more among IVIg recipient patients (P=0.003 and P=0.001, respectively). COVID-19-positive PCR tests were significantly more frequent among IVIg recipients (P=0.026). The polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) count (P=0.007) and sodium level (P=0.007) were significantly higher in the IVIg recipient group on the first admission day. Moreover, INR levels in the IVIg recipient group were significantly lower on the seventh admission day (P=0.020). The median of total intensive care unit (ICU) duration of hospitalization among IVIg recipients was significantly higher (P=0.001). Conclusion. It seems that the use of IVIg in COVID-19 patients should be further investigated. Practical Implications. IVIg injection could decrease mortality and slightly increase the survival rate among COVID-19 patients.
Findings of Brain CT Scan in Patients Hospitalized with Meningitis in Tabriz Children's Hospital and Its Association with Prognosis
Authors: Jahanshahi Amirreza , Abdinia Babak , Abdoli Oskouie Shahram , Mussavi Mirhadi , Alizadeh Fatemeh , Bashrakhah Alireza , Sadeghvand Shahram , Akbari Morteza
Published: January 2023

Background. Children's meningitis is associated with many complications and deaths. Therefore, it is critical to develop reliable and available methods to predict these complications, diagnose them in a timely manner, and prevent the progression of complications. This study aimed to investigate the findings of computed tomography (CT) scan in patients with meningitis and evaluate its association with prognosis. Methods. In this cross-sectional analytical study, we investigated the clinical files of 100 patients with meningitis (preferably bacterial meningitis) in Tabriz Children's Hospital, Iran between 2013-2017. The results of CT scan and disease complications were recorded and analyzed by statistical software. Results. Common symptoms identified in the patients included fever (88%), nausea and vomiting (36%), headache (27%), and convulsions (25%). Also, the results of CT scan included cerebral effusion (16%), hydrocephalus (7%), diffuse cerebral edema (7%), and cerebral atrophy (4%). Statistical analysis indicated a statistically significant association between the complications of meningitis (learning disorder, epilepsy, and hearing disorder) and the results of CT scan (cerebral effusion, diffuse cerebral edema, and hydrocephalus). Conclusion. CT scan can be used as an early diagnostic and prognostic method in children with meningitis. Practical Implications. Meningitis is associated with many complications and deaths, and the lack of diagnostic methods and accurate prognosis is one of the important challenges in this field. Therefore, identifying and introducing accurate and cheap methods for predicting these complications and taking early measures to prevent the development of complications and treatment can be beneficial. The results of the present study showed that CT scan can be used as an early diagnostic and prognostic method in children with meningitis.
Comparison of quality of life, anxiety, and satisfaction with rehabilitation services among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders and those without autistic children in Ahvaz-Iran
Authors: Zamani Peyman , Khoramshahi Hassan , Khosravi Nasrin , Hesam Saeed
Published: January 2023

Background. Mothers with autistic children suffer a lot of psychological and physical pressures that can affect their quality of life, emotional states, and judgment about medical services. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life, anxiety, and satisfaction with rehabilitation services for mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders and of non-autistic children in Ahvaz-Iran. Methods. In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, 128 mothers with autistic children and 30 mothers with non-autistic children needing rehabilitation interventions were selected from Ahvaz rehabilitation centers. All participants were asked to complete Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREIF) questionnaire, 14-item Perceived Stress Scale as well as Satisfaction Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using a multivariate three-way ANOVA test. Results. It was found that mothers of autistic children had a significantly lower quality of life score than those without autistic children (P<0.001). However, the two groups had no significant difference in anxiety score (P=0.114) and satisfaction (P=0.079). Factors such as age, education, and occupation of mothers significantly affected the results (P<0.05). Moreover, mothers whose autistic children received rehabilitation services under one month had lower quality of life (P=0.003) and a higher level of anxiety (P=0.025) than those who received rehabilitation over six months. Conclusion. Middle-aged housewives with autistic children had the lowest mean quality of life score among all mothers studied. Mothers with a university education reported a lower level of satisfaction compared to mothers without a university education, indicating a higher level of expectations for their rehabilitation outcome. Practical Implications. Research findings can be applied in managing rehabilitation services for autistic children and their families.
Crisis management programs in top universities worldwide to maintain educational activities in situational crises: A scoping review
Authors: Gholamzadeh Nikjoo Rana , Partovi Yegane , Javan Biparva Akbar
Published: January 2023

Background: Critical events can cause panic in the university community and raise the question of whether universities can prepare for and respond to these events while effectively maintaining a culture of inclusiveness and free access. Methods: The current study was conducted based on a scoping review of texts using the Arkesy and O’Malley frameworks and the PRISMA checklist to improve the quality of the report. For this study, crisis management programs at universities and institutes of higher education in all countries of the world within a period of 10 years (2010-2020) were searched using appropriate keywords approved in MeSH and various databases such as Embase, PubMed and Scopus, Proquest, and Iranian SID and Magiran databases. Finally, according to the search parameters, 21 studies were included in the final study, and an output table was extracted. Results: The goals of university crisis programs when encountering existing accidents and crises are divided into several general categories: planning and creating a framework for dealing with the crisis, continuing to work in times of crisis, communicating in times of crisis, and providing supplies and continuity of training. The next most crucial element in the university crisis program is the formation of a crisis management team. Conclusion: It is indispensable for students, faculty, and administrators to receive training in crisis management to prevent any possible harm to individuals when dealing with crises in universities. As a result, it is recommended that crisis management officials in universities pay serious attention.
Blueprints in biochemistry: Systematic assessment in undergraduate medical education
Authors: Pawade Yogesh R. , Chalak Anita S. , Pawade Dipti Y.
Published: January 2023

Background: The traditional pattern of theory assessment may not address the principles of assessment due to faulty paper-setting practices. This interventional study aimed to sensitize the faculty in designing a test blueprint template to set question papers (QPs). The set QPs were reviewed by experts to evaluate the effectiveness of blueprinting in the quality of the QPs. Methods: Based on the validated weightage of the biochemistry syllabus, each of the 10 faculty prepared a test blueprint, and set theory QPs without and with those test blueprints. The QPs were blinded and randomly allocated to 9 experts for evaluation. The test paper review score and feedback from both faculty and subject experts were statistically analyzed. Results: Reliability check of faculty feedback and review checklist of test papers validated its internal consistency. In all, 95% of participants expressed their agreement with various attributes of blueprinting and its future application in assessment. Statistically significant improvement (P<0.005) was observed in the overall quality of the QPs with blueprinting. Conclusion: It was determined that blueprinting aligns objectives, content areas, and curriculum with assessment, thus improving reliability and content validity. Validated weightage of the biochemistry syllabus and blueprints for written examination were systematized.
Vice chairs for education as servant leaders: A convergent mixed-methods study
Authors: Dzara Kristina , Khan Abid , Berkowitz Lori R.
Published: January 2023

Background: Vice Chairs for Education are experienced educators who oversee a wide array of departmental activities. Through the lens of servant leadership, we investigate how Vice Chairs for Education approach the role, support others, and navigate complexities while impacting the clinical learning environment. Methods: A convergent mixed-methods study was conducted at our academic multi-institutional medical center. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed thematically from July to October 2019. CVs were collected; metrics were abstracted and analyzed descriptively. Qualitative and quantitative data were aligned, integrated, and verified. Results: In all, 14 of 16 (87.5%) Vice Chairs for Education responded. These Vice Chairs are MD faculty members from three affiliated hospitals representing 11 specialties. Five themes were identified. These Vice Chairs are trusted departmental leaders who attained the role through experience and engagement. Intentionally inclusive and collaborative, they build and sustain relationships while navigating challenges. They take pride in supporting others and prioritize mentorship. Relying on institutional knowledge, they unite educational efforts by building rapport and encouraging community. In addition to envisioning the development of their departments, Vice Chairs are eager to value them attentively and thoughtfully. Conclusion: Vice Chairs for Education embody servant leadership principles by supporting others, building community, embracing open communication, maintaining authenticity, modeling fairness, focusing on improvement, and navigating challenges. They know that prioritizing education is not a matter of chance and must be cultivated and even defended at times. Vice Chairs for Education embrace, unify, empower, and protect their trainees, colleagues, departments, and institution. Ultimately, as servant leaders, they demonstrate humility and professionalism.
Medical and anesthesia students’ attitude toward e-learning physiology courses during the COVID-19 pandemic days
Authors: Yahyavi Sahzabi Reza , Maghsoudi Fatemeh , Akjavan Elahe , Mobarak Sara , Radmanesh Esmat
Published: January 2023

Background: The alarming outbreak of the COVID-19 virus significantly disrupted all aspects of human life, including education. As a result, e-learning has become a vital tool for education. This study aimed to investigate the attitudes of medical and anesthesia students toward e-learning in physiology during the pandemic of COVID-19. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted among 67 medical and anesthesiology students at Abadan University of Medical Sciences who studied physiology in the second semester of 2020-2021 in the form of e-learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A researcher-created questionnaire was used, rating items on a five-point Likert scale. Data were entered into SPSS 21 for statistical analysis and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 73.1% of the participants in this study were women. The favorable opinions of students by percentage were as follows: satisfactory access to the Internet, 71.0%; the possibility of downloading educational content from the educational system, 88.2%; effective communication between teacher and student through e-learning, 20.6%; e-learning by combining online and offline education, 69.1%; the suitability of offline educational content due to accessibility convenient to learn at any time and place where the student wants to learn, 75%; face-to-face education is more suitable than e-learning, 60.3%. Conclusion: Effective communication between teacher and student is weak in virtual/online education. Students were generally positive about a combination of online and offline virtual education together and liked offline educational content due to ease of access at any time and place. In general, students preferred face-to-face teaching to virtual education.
Aspectos Epidemiológicos Del Cáncer De Hígado en Costa Rica Años 1990-2014
Authors: Pérez Chaves María Fernanda , González Martínez Mario Esteban , Araya Cascante Raquel , Víquez Redondo Karla Francini , Castillo Chacón Nazareth
Published: January 2023

En la actualidad la afectación por cáncer de hígado ha adquirido una mayor relevancia, ya que a nivel mundial y más específicamente en el Continente Americano, se ha notado un incremento en dicha patología, la cual llega a ocupar un lugar no despreciable como causa de mortalidad a nivel mundial.

El cáncer de hígado representa una patología que afecta diversos grupos poblacionales a nivel mundial, siendo el carcinoma hepatocelular el más frecuente.

Si bien es cierto que el cáncer de hígado no estaba incluido dentro de los principales tipos de cáncer con mayor incidencia en Costa Rica, se dice que a nivel mundial el cáncer de hígado primario es un problema de salud importante.

En Costa Rica durante el período de 1990 al 2014, se presentó una mayor afectación por cáncer de hígado en los hombres, el virus de la hepatitis C presentó la tasa más alta de mortalidad como causa de este padecimiento, seguido de consumo de licor y otras causas. El grupo etario con la mayor tasa de mortalidad fue la población mayor de 70 años.

La tasa general de mortalidad mostró una notoria disminución; sin embargo, en comparación con otros países latinoamericanos la tasa en Costa Rica es superior, siendo similar a la de Estados Unidos.

Las características epidemiológicas analizadas, mostraron en sus tasas una tendencia a la disminución.

Tanto la tasa de incidencia como de prevalencia a lo largo de los 25 años de estudio mostraron cifras mayores en el sexo masculino que en el sexo femenino.
Depresión en el adulto mayor: factores de riesgo y manejo el primer nivel de atención.
Authors: Chavarría Alvarado Melissa , Cubero Garcia Sigrid , Bogantes Barrantes Carlos , Valverde Araya Andrea
Published: January 2023

La depresión en el adulto mayor es un problema de salud pública en cual ha aumentado su prevalencia y se ha convertido en foco de atención importante en virtud a el rápido crecimiento de la población geriátrica de los últimos 20 años.(1) Existen diversos factores de riesgo para desarrollar esta patología como: mala red de apoyo familiar, trastornos del sueño, comorbilidades médicas subyacentes dentro de ellas de gran peso la demencia y los deterioros neurocognitivos los cuales en muchas ocasiones no se encuentran diagnosticados. Además, es de relevancia señalar que la depresión no forma parte del envejecimiento, contrario a las creencias populares.

En este artículo se realiza una revisión de la literatura respecto a la depresión en lo adultos mayores enfocada en el diagnostico, pronostico, factores de riesgo para desarrollar dicha patología y manejo por parte del primer nivel de atención médica, apoyada en las bases de datos electrónicas de los últimos 12 años.
Caracterización por microscopía electrónica de barrido de mascarillas de protección respiratoria utilizadas por la población costarricense en la época de la pandemia COVID-19.
Authors: Moya Melissa , Valerio Campos Idalia
Published: January 2023

Dada la pandemia COVID-19 y la obligatoriedad en el uso de mascarillas de protección respiratoria, se presentó una oportunidad de negocio para industrias y emprendedores en la confección y venta de las mismas.  Con base en esto, se supone que han existido en el mercado, mascarillas que no son confeccionadas en las condiciones óptimas de calidad y según las normas; ofreciendo una falsa protección respiratoria a los ciudadanos, lo cual pone en riesgo a la población, favoreciendo la propagación del virus SARS-CoV-2. Adicional a lo anterior un etiquetado erróneo referente a la cantidad de capas, tamaños de poro y la protección luego de ciclos de lavado en el caso de las mascarillas reutilizables.

La generación de evidencia científica, es de suma importancia para corroborar los aspectos anteriormente mencionados, dado el impacto que tiene sobre la salud pública, por lo que se ha utilizado la microscopía electrónica de barrido, como herramienta de análisis, para realizar una caracterización de las capas, tamaños de poro y morfología y dar soporte a la hipótesis planteada, demostrando el incumplimiento en algunos casos, de los requisitos mínimos para ofrecer una protección real ante la propagación del agente viral y brinda un antecedente para tomar en consideración en futuros casos necesarios de la obligatoriedad del uso de mascarillas con el fin de proteger a la población ante otro brote de COVID-19 o algún otro virus que requiera este tipo de protección.
Comparing L1 and L2 Translation Styles: An Analysis of Multiple Parallel Corpora Comprised of Multiple Target Texts of the Same Source Texts
Authors:   Society for International Cultural Institute, Shin Hyejung
Published: January 2023

In Korean-English literary translation, the directionality of translation (whether translating into L1 or L2) has caught the attention of many researchers. They compared the L1 translator’s target text (TT) with that of the L2 translator of the same source text (ST) and described the stylistic differences they found in the comparison. Since most analyses were based on a single ST, and the number of TTs was one in each direction (into L1 and L2, respectively), the results may only apply to the texts they analyzed in the study. To verify if the directionality of translation is the deciding factor of the stylistic traits found in each TT, this study examined 1) multiple parallel corpora comprised of multiple TTs of the same STs and 2) the corresponding translators’ other translations of different STs. After comparing a collection of TTs by the L1 group with those by the L2 group, the study found contrasting trends regarding word variety and contractions.
Assessment of Blood Sensitivity to Laser Radiation in Women with Pathology Appendages Uterus
Authors: А.О. Атыканов, , Г.У. Асымбекова, , С.Ш. Сулайманова, , М.Т. Молдоканова,
Published: January 2023

В работе представлены данные оценки чувствительности сыворотки крови к инфракрасному лазерному излучению методом рефрактометрии и поляризационной фотометрии у 213 женщин с патологией придатков матки (хронический сальпингоофорит, эндометриоидные кисты яичников, непроходимость маточных труб). Показано, что в 52,4–58,5% случаев наблюдается хороший отклик на лазерное излучение, в 27,5–27,8% – удовлетворительный и в 13,8–19,6% – плохой. Это свидетельствует о патогенетически направленном свойстве низкоинтенсивного лазерного излучения в лечении патологии придатков матки у женщин.

This paper presents data on the assessment of blood serum sensitivity to infrared laser radiation by refractometry and polarization photometry in 213 women with uterine appendage pathology (chronic salpingo-oophoritis, cystic ovarian endometriosis, tubal obstruction). It was shown that a good response to laser radiation was observed in 52.4–58.5% of cases, while in 27.5–27.8% – satisfactory, and in 13.8–19.6% – poor. This testifies to the pathogenetically directed property of low-intensity laser radiation in the treatment of uterine appendages pathology in women.
Promoting Mathematical Discourse in an Online Learning Environment: The Instructional Power of Mathematical Internet Memes
Authors: Godinez Charles Darwin O.
Published: January 2023

Teaching and learning in the 21st-century demand innovation in the learning environment to facilitate the needs of digital native learners. Internet memes are digital artefacts distinct to these digital natives. Considering the popularity of memes and the online learning landscape, this study explored the didactical possibilities of mathematical internet memes used to promote mathematical discourse and significantly improve students’ achievement in the online teaching of Mathematics. This study employed a pretest-posttest, quasi-experimental control group design to two intact 10th year classes of a local high school in the Philippines to compare students’ achievement scores as influenced by the intervention which is the use of mathematical memes. The teacher used mathematical internet memes during online class sessions and administered a meme-making activity where learners create as well as comment on mathematical internet memes. The results revealed that there is a significant difference in the achievement scores between the control group and the experimental group. The implications for this study will be useful for Mathematics educators that mathematical internet memes may be used to promote students’ mathematical discourse and improve their achievement in online learning environments.
DRUG, DRUG ABUSE AND COUNSELLING INTERVENTION THERAPIES
Authors: NNAEMEZIE Nkiru Onyinyechukwu , OKAFOR Jerome .O. , LOVETH IFEDIORA UCHENNA , C.R ARINZE , MACHIE KENECHUKWU UCHENNA
Published: January 2023

One of the leading causes of crime in our societies and environment today is partially or fullyattributed to the use of drug. Drug could be abused even when they are drugs prescribedmedically. Drug could be seen as any substance which when injected and moved down the bodysystem may alter the way the human body functions which includes both physically andpsychologically which also may be illegal or legal which exclude food and water. Medically,drugs are prescribed for the treatment and also future prevention of diseases and illnesses butwhen they are not used as directed the drug is then abused. Therefore, drug abuse or substancesmisuse is the use of drugs in quantity and in a manner which could be harmful to an individualand even people around. When drug is abused it could lead to different health problems examplecancer, heart diseases, mental health problem etc. It is important that a drug abuser is identifiedby a counsellor and managed. Therefore a good counsellor must watch out for the signs andsymptoms of drug abuse. Some therapies can be used by a counsellor example Individual andGroup Therapy, CBT, Contingency Management and Couple and Family Therapy and theseshould be based on the type of drug abused. Conclusions were made and Recommendationsamong others suggest that the counsellor needs to understand the drug abuser and the factorthat lead to the abuse of drugs for proper management and help.
Effect of Rapid Thermal Annealing Conditions on the Specific Resistance of the Ohmic Contacts of Ti/Al/Ni/Au Metallization to the GaN/AlGaN Heterostructure
Authors: Yunik A. D. , Solovjov J. A.
Published: January 2023

Effect of rapid thermal annealing conditions on the specific resistance of the ohmic contacts of Ti/Al/Ni/Au metallization with layer thicknesses of 20/120/40/40 nm to the GaN/AlGaN heterostructure with a two-dimensional electron gas on a sapphire substrate has been discovered by transmission line measurement. Rapid thermal annealing of the samples was carried out by the contact heating from the sapphire substrate side in a nitrogen atmosphere at the temperature range from 750 to 1000 °C for 30, 60, and 90 s. It has been discovered that the dependence of the specific contact resistance on the temperature contains two temperature optimums, at which the specific contact resistance of the ohmic contact is less than 1 ⋅  10–4 Ohm⋅ cm2. The appearance of the first temperature optimum is due to the decrease of the distance from the diffusion front of the low-resistance layer of intermetallic compounds formed during the rapid thermal annealing of the Ti/Al/Ni/Au metallization to the region of the two-dimensional electron gas. Outside the first temperature optimum, an increase in the specific contact resistance of up to 9 ⋅  10–3 Ohm⋅ cm2 is observed, due to the absorption of the AlGaN layer by a low-resistance layer of intermetallic compounds, which leads to the degradation of the two-dimensional electron gas under the contacts and deterioration of its conductive properties. The second temperature optimum is due to the passage of the diffusion front of the two-dimensional electron gas region and the establishment of a side contact between the low-resistance intermetallic layer and the two-dimensional electron gas, which leads to the decrease in the specific contact resistance. With an increase in the fast thermal annealing time from 30 to 90 s the shift of the interval of the first temperature optimum from 800 to 775 °C for the lower boundary and from 825 to 800 °C for the upper boundary, and for the second temperature optimum from 875 to 850 °C for the lower boundary, and from 950 to 875 °C for the upper boundary is observed, which is due to an equivalent increase in the diffusion depth of the Ti/Al/Ni/Au metallization components. The results obtained can be used in the technology for creating GaN-based products with a two-dimensional electron gas.
Features of the Crystal Structure and Magnetic Characteristics of the Solid Solutions Ni1–xMxMnSb (M = Fe, Co) Systems
Authors: Rymski G. S. , Fedosyuk V. M. , Rutkauskas A. V. , Duzeva-Maltseva E. V. , Tuan A. T. , Ngoc T. D.
Published: January 2023

The results of studying the effect on the crystal structure and magnetic properties of compounds based on NiMnSb when Ni cations are replaced by Fe and Co cations are presented. The solid solution Ni1–xMxMnSb (M = Fe, Co) systems were synthesized by the method of solid-phase reactions. With the help of X-ray diffraction analysis, the presence of a concentration structural transition was established. Using the ponderomotive method, it was found that the temperatures of the “magnetic order – magnetic disorder” phase transformation decrease as nickel is replaced by iron and cobalt. The field dependences of the specific magnetization demonstrate the typical behavior of a magnetically soft ferromagnet. The results of an experiment on the study of the crystal and magnetic structure of solid solutions of the Ni0.90M0.10MnSb (M = Fe, Co) systems using thermal neutron diffraction in the temperature range of ~(3–300) K are presented. It is found that the studied compositions exhibit ferromagnetic ordering along the c axis. On the spectra of Ni0.90Co0.10MnSb solid solutions in the region of 2Θ  = 28.6° the appearance of a reflection indicating the formation of antiferromagnetic ordering is observed. Within the framework of the density functional theory, an ab initio calculation of the magnetic moments for Ni1-xMxMnSb (M = Fe, Co; x = 0; 0.125; 0.250) was carried out. The results of theoretical calculations predict the existence of magnetic moments for Fe and Co ions, and they are antiferromagnetically coupled to the spins of Mn and Ni ions.
Prospects overview of hybrid brain-computer interface for increasing efficiency of research activity
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Faculty of  Informational Technology, Mykhalchuk Vitalii
Published: January 2023

Neuromanagement strategies are becoming a common trend of self-development, which is quite important for researchers, especially in search work. Assisting one’s own cognitive capabilities increases the effectiveness of typical activities through the full application of cognitive resources, combining several technologies. According to technology development programs, particularly in open science, the next two generations can use neuroplasticity as a new competence.
The impact of the open access policy on the students’ motivation to improve the research quality
Authors:   H. S. Skovoroda Kharkiv  National Pedagogical University, Kostenko Olena
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes the impact of Open Access on students’ motivation to improve their research. With the help of qualitative content analysis of semi-standardized interviews, it was found out that the Open Access policy stimulates both positive and negative motivation, which positively affects the desire for the scientific quality.