bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Депутаты Государственной Думы РФ: динамика занятости в политико-административной и коммерческой сферах после ухода с должности
Authors: Тев Денис Борисович
Published: February 2025

В статье рассматривается динамика карьеры депутатов Госдумы после ухода с должности. Эмпирической основой исследования служит биографическая база данных, включающая сведения о карьере после отставки депутатов I–VII-го созывов. Выявлен ряд тенденций – уменьшение доли переходов в федеральную администрацию, включая элитные и, в частности, правительственные посты; рост частоты перемещений в региональные законодательные собрания и Совет Федерации; усиление доминирования компаний частного сектора и возрастание роли собственного/семейного бизнеса как места работы бывших депутатов при одновременном сокращении миграции на посты наемных менеджеров и в крупные корпорации. Анализируя элитную постдумскую занятость в госаппарате, автор заключает, что ее структура изменилась: если выходцы из I-го и II-го созывов чаще всего занимали элитные позиции на федеральном уровне и в административной сфере, то выходцы из VI-го и VII-го созывов – в основном на региональном уровне и в законодательной сфере. Автор выделяет институциональные факторы, влияющие на динамику посткарьеры депутатов, включая ослабление Государственной Думы по отношению к исполнительной власти, формирование конгруэнтной партийной системы, превращение «Единой России» в доминирующую партию, изменение порядка формирования Совета Федерации и процедуры рекрутирования губернаторов, отказ от практики совмещения парламентских и правительственных позиций.
Российские профессионалы: проблемы определения, факторы качества их человеческого капитала и структура группы
Authors: Тихонова Наталья Евгеньевна
Published: February 2025

В статье на данных РМЭЗ НИУ ВШЭ за 2018–2022 гг. дан анализ группы профессионалов. Показано, что выделение профессионалов для социоструктурного анализа – нетривиальная задача, требующая перекодировки стандартных классификаторов профессий. Продемонстрирована гетерогенность представителей данной группы по качеству их главного рентоприносящего актива – человеческого капитала в его классической и расширительной трактовке. В составе российских профессионалов выделены семь групп, различающихся как качеством их общего человеческого капитала, так и возможностью использовать полученные в ходе обучения знания в процессе работы. Охарактеризованы численность и особенности этих групп, а также факторы, способствующие разному уровню зарплат в них и различиям в качестве человеческого капитала их членов. Показано, что только для профессионалов с высоким качеством человеческого капитала на российском рынке труда существует «премия» за готовность осваивать новые специальности. Итоговый вывод статьи: сравнительно низкое место многих профессионалов в системе социально-экономических неравенств определяется не столько их семейными проблемами или неадекватно низким уровнем их зарплат, сколько особенностями их человеческого капитала, качество которого влияет на их место на рынке труда и в системе экономических отношений в целом. При этом особенности локального рынка труда воздействуют на внутреннюю структуру данной группы в соответствующей локации и стимулируют (или не стимулируют) профессионалов к наращиванию качества своего человеческого капитала.
Профессионалы в политике и профессиональные политики
Authors: Крыштановская Ольга Викторовна , Лавров Иван Андреевич
Published: February 2025

Статья посвящена исследованию действующих профессиональных каналов вертикальной мобильности в российской политике. В ней предпринята попытка ответить на следующие вопросы: какие профессиональные компетенции можно рассматривать как соответствующие профессии политика; как представлены различные профессиональные группы в российском истэблишменте? Предшествующая инкорпорации в систему власти профессия и приобретенный в ходе карьерного роста опыт оказывают существенное влияние на последующую деятельность акторов, которые несут ответственность за политические нарративы и стратегию общественного развития. Кроме этого, профессионализм политиков как таковой является одним из факторов формирования общественного доверия к государственным институтам, а следовательно, и легитимности власти. Таким образом, изучение профессиональных траекторий имеет важное значение не только для решения прикладных задач, но и для возможного прогнозирования политических трендов ближайшего будущего и поиска общественного консенсуса в вопросах о компетентности субъектов государственного управления. Для выполнения поставленных задач было проведено количественное биографическое исследование профессионального опыта действующих представителей органов трех уровней власти. Всего в выборочную совокупность вошли 800 политиков исполнительной и законодательной ветвей власти – 300 федерального уровня, 400 регионального и 100 муниципального. В результате проведенного анализа мы пришли к выводу, что наряду с профессионалами высшего ранга, добившимися значительных успехов в своей основной деятельности, в политическую систему инкорпорируется всё большее число «нулевых специалистов», попадающих в органы власти сразу после окончания вуза. Для первых политика – это мета-профессия, их габитус сформирован предыдущим опытом вне государственных институтов; они обладают значимым общественным авторитетом, который присовокупляет власть, приумножая свой собственный капитал. Для вторых государственное управление и есть их основная профессия: они формируются внутри системы, зачастую продвигаясь по закрытым и непрозрачным для общества каналам мобильности. Структурная сложность и разветвленность функционирующей системы рекрутации управляющих кадров рождают разногласие в общественном мнении. Граждане, желая видеть на управленческих должностях самых профессиональных и опытных людей, пользующихся авторитетом в конкретной отрасли и на конкретной территории, теряются в оценке компетентности «нулевых специалистов». В связи с этим для легитимации политической системы России в целом и ее правящей элиты в частности требуются осмысление сложившейся ситуации и оптимизация работы по осведомлению населения о существующих принципах формирования новой элиты.
Цифровая грамотность российских музейных работников в условиях пандемии COVID-19
Authors: Давыдов Сергей Геннадьевич
Published: February 2025

Социальные процессы, связанные с цифровизацией и медиатизацией различных видов деятельности, протекают в социальных группах неравномерно. В статье приводятся результаты исследования цифровой грамотности российских музейных работников, полученные в рамках общероссийского онлайн-опроса. Исследование было реализовано весной 2020 года в период действия социальных ограничений, связанных с пандемией COVID-19, что позволило также рассмотреть особенности адаптации сотрудников российских музеев к неожиданным изменениям условий труда.Рассмотрены функциональная структура музейной деятельности, отношение музейного сообщества к цифровым IT-системам и уровень владения различными цифровыми компетенциям. В качестве данных для сравнительного анализа использованы результаты общероссийского телефонного опроса, проведенного компаниями ВЦИОМ и «Социал Бизнес Групп». Результаты исследования позволяют сделать вывод о высоком технологическом оптимизме рассматриваемого профессионального сообщества и наличии консенсуса, связанного с принятием происходящей IT-модернизации, глубоком проникновении цифровых систем в повседневную практическую деятельность музейного работника. К числу наиболее распространенных и активно используемых систем относятся музейные сайты, корпоративные сервисы электронной почты и профили в социальных сетях. Озабоченность участников исследования связана с цифровой безопасностью цифровых систем и способностью обеспечить долговременную сохранность культурных ценностей. Проведенная оценка уровня цифровых компетенций показывает, что из 17 предложенных позиций всего одна получила низкую оценку (монтаж цифрового видео), еще три  – оценку ниже среднего (цифровая видеосъемка, работа с антивирусами и другими средствами защиты информации, установка и настройка программного обеспечения). Кроме того, значения полученных оценок выше по сравнению с полученными на общероссийской выборке в целом, а также среди всех взрослых россиян с высшим образованием. Адаптация музейных сотрудников к условиям самоизоляции в условиях пандемии COVID-19 рассматривается как травматичный опыт. В связи с необходимостью оперативного перехода на работу из дома отсутствовала возможность системной подготовки к изменившимся условиям как в части развития инфраструктуры, так и приобретения дополнительных цифровых навыков. Выявлены три типа факторов, затруднивших респондентам удаленную работу – технические, организационные и связанные с необходимостью доступа к музейным фондам и/или помещениям. В то же время участники исследования позитивно оценивали новые возможности дистанционной организации музейного труда.
Emerging Role of Remote Sensing For Monitoring Glacial and Surface Water Changes in Nepal
Authors:   College of Applied Sciences (CAS)- Nepal, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, Rimal Bhagawat , Adhikari Rabindra , Shrestha Saurav , Rijal Sushila , Kunwar Ripu , Ansari Abdul Sahim , Tiwary Abhishek
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This study showcases the use of remote sensing technology for monitoring evolutionary patterns of mountain lakes under climate stress in the mid-hills and hard to reach glacial terrains, ranging about 650-8055 meters above the mean sea level in the Gandaki region of Nepal. Method: Spatiotemporal trends were analyzed from Landsat (Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM +) and Operational Land Imager (1988 to 2018) satellite images using Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). Surface water content for three mountain glacial lakes (Kapuche, Dona and Tilicho) and two mid-hill lakes (Phewa and Begnas) were evaluated. Findings: Longitudinal data analysis of NDWI surface water pixels between 1988 and 2018 showed contrasting features in the two study terrains – the glacial lakes have expanded (NDWI for Dona and Kapuche increased by 29% and 182% respectively). Over the same period, the mid-hill lakes have receded (NDWI for Phewa and Begnas reduced by 2.05 % and 0.85 % respectively). On the other hand, the annual temperature increased 0.158ºC in the glacial region over the same period. The warmer temperature was considered the driving factor for the melting of glaciers, resulting in increased runoff. The increased surface water in the glacial lakes is attributed mainly to climate change impacts on glacier thickness reduction, whereas the diminishing lake area in the mid-hill belt is attributed mainly to sediment disposition and evaporative losses. Novelty: The study demonstrates the potential global application of remote sensing technology for in situ pervasive monitoring of the spatiotemporal climate change impacts on topographically complex landscapes. Our findings pave the way for the formulation of appropriate policy measures for sustainable management of land resources to reduce the drastic impact on surface water changes.

Keywords: Glacier Lakes and Surface Water, Landsat, NDWI, Climate Change, Complex Landscape of Nepal
Study on New Ratio and Product Type Estimators for Population Mean Under Ranked Set Sampling
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Mathematics, Baba Mastnath University, Rohtak, Haryana, India, Gupta Ruchi , Malik Sangeeta
Published: February 2025

Objectives: The study deals with the concept of Ranked Set Sampling (RSS) as an effective measure to find out the mean of the population when a sample of small size can be found without measuring or with other methods like ranking. The primary goal of this study is to investigate how well the proposed estimators perform compared to existing estimators. Methods: This study has introduced new ratio and product estimators to see the population mean under ranked set sampling and compare them with the existing ones in terms of Mean Square Error (MSE) and efficiency. Findings: The optimum value of the modified estimators is obtained. The proposed estimators are better than the existing estimators, such as the mean per unit estimator, ratio estimator, and product estimator in ranked set sampling. We have used bivariate normal distribution through the ranked set sampling technique, and the proposed estimators' relative efficiency is higher. Novelty: Two tables are used to show the comparison between the proposed estimator and the existing estimators by using bivariate normal distribution. Empirical studies using simulations further validate the effectiveness of these new estimators, suggesting their potential for broader application in statistical analysis.

Keywords: Estimators, Population, Mean Square Error, Efficiency, Ranked Set Sampling
Physiochemical Profile of Tilyar Lake – Essential Parameters for Sustainable Biodiversity
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Basic & Applied Sciences, School of Engineering & Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, 122103, Haryana, India, Yadav Anjali , Gautam Kirti Amresh
Published: February 2025

Objectives: To investigate the seasonal fluctuations in water quality of Tilyar Lake, Rohtak by analyzing physicochemical parameters in summer, monsoon and winter seasons during 2023-2024. Methods: Water samples were collected from three different sites, chosen on the basis of anthropogenic interference, in three seasons namely summer, monsoon and winter. Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) approved methods were used to analyze different parameters as temperature, pH, TDS, TSS, EC, TH and Nitrate. Inductively Coupled Plasma- Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to assess the heavy metals. Findings: Parameters like temperature (ranging between 24.36 ± 0.12 to 27.63 ± 0.66), pH (8.23 ± 0.02 to 9.55± 0.01), TDS (143.67 ± 1.52 to 174.67 ± 2.08), TSS (148.00 ± 2.00 to 201.67 ± 1.52), EC (215.67 ± 3.51 to 285.33 ± 2.51), TH (75.33 ± 1.52 to 108.00 ± 01) and Nitrate etc. showed statistically significant difference between the three seasons. However, among the sites there was no significant difference observed in the three seasons. All the parameters except pH were found to fall within the permissible limits of BIS. Heavy metals such as Arsenic and Nickel were also detected in the water samples. Novelty: The surface water quality is affected continuously by various factors. Periodic assessment of water quality is hence very important. This study provides supportive evidences for season based special management to maintain the lake health for the development of sustainable biodiversity.

Keywords: Biodiversity, Heavy Metals, Physicochemical, Water quality, Tilyar Lake
Ordered Pseudo-Ideals of An Ordered Ternary Semigroup
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, College of Engineering, Phaltan, Satara, 415523, Maharashtra, India, Shinde Dattatray N , Gophane Machchhindra T , Agalave Manish C
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This research explores the concept of ordered pseudo-ideals in an ordered ternary semigroup 𝐺, which builds on the existing idea of pseudoideals in a semigroup. Methods: The investigation delves into some unique properties of ordered pseudo-ideals in an ordered ternary semigroup 𝐺. Findings: This study has established many sufficient conditions for (𝐿𝑀𝑁] to be an ordered pseudo-ideal of 𝐺 where 𝐿, 𝑀 and 𝑁 are non-empty subsets of 𝐺. Additionally, the study provides conditions for subsets (𝐿𝐵𝐵] and (𝐵𝐵𝐿] to be recognized as ordered left and right pseudo-ideals, respectively, as well as ordered bi-ideals within 𝐺. Novelty: This contributes to a deeper understanding of ideal theory in structured algebraic systems and offers insights that could be beneficial to abstract algebra and theoretical computer science. This advancement in understanding how algebraic structures can be ordered and organized opens up new possibilities for applying these concepts in various mathematical and computational theories.

Keywords: Ordered Ternary Semigroup; Commutative Ordered Ternary Semigroup; Ordered Ideal; Ordered Pseudo-ideal; Ordered Bi-ideal
Incidence and Clinicopathological Correlation of Periapical Granulomas Associated with Extracted Teeth in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors:   Department of Oral Basic and Clinical Sciences, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Gajdhar Sajda Khan , Nashar Nora Talal , Alwehaibi Gaida , Alesayi Reem , Osman Zahour , Gajdhar Shaiq , Muhanna Naif Omar Salem Bin , Kumar R Sheetal
Published: February 2025

Objectives: study the incidence and clinicopathological correlation, focusing on the histologic diagnosis of periapical granulomas associated with extracted teeth. Methods: Over the course of one year, a prospective study was conducted involving the routine biopsy of retrievable periapical tissues from patients undergoing tooth extraction. Additionally, routine histopathologic examinations were performed on recoverable Periapical tissues from the extracted teeth. The study involved the participation of 120 patients, of whom 52 (43.33%) were diagnosed with histopathological peri-radicular lesions. Findings: The male-to-female incidence ratio was 2:1, and most of the patients with lesions identified by histopathology were in their first, second, or third decades of life, comprising 41 (34%) cases. Among the 52 (43.33%) cases with histopathologically diagnosed periradicular lesions, the most common types were periapical abscess 8 (15.38%) and inflammatory (periapical) granuloma 27 (92%). Remarkably, clinically confirmed acute apical periodontitis was shown to be associated with periapical granuloma, which is primarily characterized by foamy cells and macrophages. Several clinical and radiologic features exhibited significant associations with the histopathologic diagnosis of specific periradicular lesions (P<0.05). Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between clinical diagnosis and histopathologic diagnosis, specifically for inflammatory (periapical) granuloma and periapical abscess. Novelty: The study strengthens the link between clinical presentation and histopathological characteristics of periapical granulomas. The study uncovers several clinical signs that could help predict the histopathological diagnosis of periapical granulomas. This is an important finding, as it could improve the accuracy of diagnosis and help dental professionals identify these lesions earlier, which may lead to more effective and timely interventions.

Keywords: Periapical lesion, Extracted tooth, Periapical granuloma, Histopathology, Clinical diagnosis, Biopsy
An Investigation of Two Distinct Borate-Based Reddish Ruby Glasses Containing Gold Nanoparticles
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Physics, Government First Grade College, Magadi, Ramanagara, 562120, Karnataka, India, Shivaprakash Y , Bellad S S , Dinesh C M , Satish M , Mathad Gavisiddayya , Pathar Deepa
Published: February 2025

Objective: To overcome the limitation seen in the method of synthesis of Gold (Au) Nano Particles (AuNPs) in the ruby glasses by choosing the special binary borate-based glass composition without the need of adding any reducing agents and to produce reddish-ruby color in the glasses containing AuNPs. Methods: Two distinct binary borate glass compositions 30BaO-70B2O3 and 30Li2O–70B2O3 with HAuCl4.3H2O (gold chloride) as a dopant are used to prepare ruby glasses by the melt quenching synthesis method. Without adding any reducing agents and heat treatment, the samples are formed in reddish ruby color containing AuNPs. The samples have been characterized by advanced techniques such as Optical absorption, XRD-analysis, SEM, and ESR analysis. Findings: Ruby-reddish color has been observed in both distinct binary borate-based glasses due to the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) of the AuNPs homogeneously embedded in the glass matrix. The deepness of the color increases with the increase of Au dopant concentration. The characteristic absorption peak seen at around ~560nm in the spectral observation of optical absorption studies gives strong evidence for the existence of AuNPs in the prepared glasses. The average gold particles size was found to be around 20-30 nm from the characteristic Bragg’s reflection sharp peaks in XRD of lithium-borate. SEM studies confirm that the addition of Au dopant increases the kinetics of growth and crystallization partially in both binary glass samples. The ESR analysis reveals that the electronic state of gold in the glass samples is either Au0 or Au+. Novelty: For the first time, the investigation of reddish-ruby colored binary borate-based glasses embedded with AuNPs is achieved without the aid of heat treatment and the need to add any reducing agents.

Keywords: XRD, SEM, Gold Nanoparticles, Borate Glass, Optical Absorption, ESR
Mice Housing and Experimentation Conditions v1
Authors: Fan Yujie , Steele Chelsie
Published: February 2025

Mice Housing and Experimentation Conditions
Retro-orbital injection of AAV in mice v1
Authors: Steele Chelsie , Fan Yujie
Published: February 2025

This protocol is following:
QPCR Protocol v1
Authors: Fan Yujie , Steele Chelsie
Published: February 2025

Collecting gene data from various cells - seeing what sort of gene is being expressed
Western Blot v1
Authors: Steele Chelsie , Fan Yujie
Published: February 2025

Western Blot
Beam Crossing v1
Authors: Lorente Picón Marina , Peñuelas Núria , Laguna Ariadna , Vila Miquel , Steele Chelsie , Fan Yujie
Published: February 2025

Beam test for mice
Coronal cryosectioning of mouse brains v1
Authors: Fan Yujie , Steele Chelsie
Published: February 2025

Cryostat coronal cryosectioning of mouse brain tissue
A rare combination of arterio-portal fistula and portosystemic shunt. Endovascular treatment
Authors: Garbuzov R. V. , Polyaev Yu. A. , Mylnikov Ivan
Published: February 2025

Background: Portosystemic shunts (PSS) are rare malformations in which there is an abnormal connection between the portal system and the systemic circulation. Arterio-portal fistulas (APF) are arterio-venous connections between the arteries of the ventral trunk system and the portal vein. Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is defined by respiratory dysfunction due to a defect in arterial oxygenation induced by dilatation of intrapulmonary vessels associated with liver disease.
Matherials and Methods: In our clinic, we performed endovascular treatment of a 10.5-year-old patient with a rare combination of congenital portosystemic shunt (CPSS) and congenital APF complicated by HPS. The treatment was performed in several stages. The first stage was APF occlusion. The second stage was a balloon occlusion test. The third stage was PSS occlusion. In the postoperative period, signs of portal hypertension (PH) were observed and anticoagulant therapy was administered, resulting in regression of PH symptoms.
Conclusion: In combination of arterio-portal fistula and congenital portosystemic shunt, it is necessary to first occlude the APF, then perform a balloon occlusion test, and in the presence of sufficiently developed intrahepatic branches of the portal vein, it is possible to perform occlusion of the PSS. In the postoperative period, it is necessary to prescribe anticoagulant therapy for preventive purposes.
Acute appendicitis complicated by peritonitis in a premature newborn: a clinical observation
Authors: Gumerov Aitbay
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND.
Acute appendicitis in premature newborns (AAPI) is very rare and is described as isolated observations. Symptoms and clinical picture of AAPI are similar to those of other acute abdominal diseases in premature newborns. Its diagnosis before surgery is one of the complex problems of neonatal surgery. This pathology is detected accidentally during surgery for other diseases.
CLINICAL CASE DESCRIPTION.
We present a rare clinical case of acute appendicitis complicated by peritonitis in a premature newborn aged 11 days, weighing 1200 g. After a clinical and radiological examination with a diagnosis of necrotic enterocolitis (NEC), perforation of a hollow organ, laparocentesis and drainage of the abdominal cavity were performed. After stabilization of the condition, gangrenous perforated appendicitis was diagnosed during laparotomy 3 days later, and appendectomy was performed.
Results. Recovery according to surgical pathology. On the 13th day, the patient was transferred to the department of pathology of premature babies for nursing. The child in satisfactory condition was discharged home at the age of 1 month weighing 2250 g.
CONCLUSION.
The use of laparocentesis and drainage of the abdominal cavity with subsequent laparotomy and appendectomy improved the results of treatment of OANN.
Nonpalpable Testis Syndrome: History and Current State of the Issue. Literature Review.
Authors: Ekimov Mikhail Nikolaevich , Tsap Natalia Aleksandrovna , Komarova Svetlana Yuryevna
Published: February 2025

According to domestic and foreign literature, nonpalpable testes (NPT) are found in 20% of children with cryptorchidism. Approximately 50% of them are located in the abdominal cavity, and 50% are atrophied or vanished testes. The aim of our review is to systematize the scientific literature data on nonpalpable testis syndrome in children. Materials and Methods. The review is composed of original articles found in scientific databases such as eLibrary, PubMed, Scopus. Results and Discussions. In literature, nonpalpable testes are often classified into three types: intra-abdominal, extra-abdominal, and non-viable. Extra-abdominal gonads are more often of normal volume compared to intra-abdominal ones, which are mostly hypoplastic. There are many controversial issues regarding diagnostic methods and treatment strategies for different types of NPT in children. Conclusions. The problem of diagnosing and treating nonpalpable testes in children, especially in cases of high intra-abdominal localization of the gonad, remains highly relevant and requires further scientific research and observations.
How Social Media Influencers Shape Online Impulsive Buying: The Mediating Role of Parasocial Interaction
Authors:   Uşak University, Türkiya, Karahan Mehmet Ozan
Published: February 2025

With the increasing influence of social media, social media influencers (SMIs) have become key players in shaping consumer behavior, particularly in driving online impulsive buying behavior (OIBB). This study investigates how SMIs' interpersonal interaction and social attraction impact followers' parasocial interaction (PSI) and examines PSI's mediating role in OIBB. Using a modified Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model, data were collected from 589 participants in Turkey through an online survey. The findings indicate that similarity, likeability, and social attraction significantly influence PSI, which, in turn, encourages OIBB. However, expertise does not play a significant role in fostering PSI. Moreover, PSI mediates the relationships between likeability and OIBB, as well as social attraction and OIBB, but does not mediate the effects of similarity or expertise. These insights suggest that SMIs' ability to form personal and social bonds with followers is more influential in triggering impulsive purchases than their perceived expertise. The study provides strategic implications for marketers seeking to enhance engagement and drive sales through influencer-driven digital marketing campaigns.
Effect of inter-pregnancy interval on pregnancy outcome
Authors: Sumayya Tabassum , Meghana Kanchibhotla , Gonnabaktula Naga Vasantha Lakshmi
Published: February 2025

Background: The inter-pregnancy interval (IPI) significantly impacts maternal and child health outcomes. Objective of the study was to determine the effect of inter-pregnancy interval on maternal and foetal outcome.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research Institute from September 2022 to April 2024. A total of 385 pregnant women in their second pregnancy were categorized into three groups based on the inter-pregnancy interval as short (<24 months), optimal (24-59 months), and long (>59 months). Data on maternal outcomes, intrapartum assessments, and foetal complications were collected and analysed using descriptive and comparative statistics.
Results: Out of 385 participants, 37.1% had an IPI of <24 months, 55.1% had an IPI of 24-59 months, and 7.8% had an IPI of >59 months. Shorter IPIs were associated with higher rates of anaemia (77%) and postpartum haemorrhage (45.8%). Longer IPIs were linked to increased gestational diabetes (50%) and hypertensive disorders (63.3%). Foetal complications such as macrosomia were more common in the longer IPIs group (16%).
Conclusions: Both short and long IPIs are linked with adverse maternal and foetal outcomes, emphasizing the need for optimal spacing between pregnancies to improve health outcomes.
Liver function tests as an indicator of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes in patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Authors: Shah Diya , Saha Madhuri , Uday Rajini , U. Ashwini Nayak , Mitra Rusa , Fatima Mahek
Published: February 2025

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are significant contributors to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a prevalence in Southeast Asia ranging from 5-15% of pregnancies. In India, the incidence stands at 6.9%. Early detection and management of HDP are vital for improving outcomes. Liver function tests (LFTs) provide a cost-effective tool for assessing HDP severity and predicting complications. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of LFTs as a prognostic tool for adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, analyze altered LFT parameters across different HDP types and associated complications, and determine cutoff values for serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in predicting HDP.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care referral hospital from January 2023 to January 2024. A total of 186 pregnant women diagnosed with HDP were included, excluding those with pre-existing liver disorders. LFTs were performed, and the results were analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) 20.0.
Results: Gestational hypertension was most common (48.9%), followed by severe preeclampsia (33.9%). Elevated LFTs (SGOT, SGPT, ALP, LDH) were significantly associated with adverse outcomes, with LDH showing high sensitivity (97.6%) and specificity (82.1%) at 150 U/l for maternal complications.
Conclusions: Abnormal LFTs, particularly SGOT, SGPT, and LDH, are key prognostic markers for adverse fetal and maternal outcomes in women with HDP, with LDH having the highest predictive significance. Timely intervention for cases with elevated LFTs can reduce maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.
Desarrollo y propiedades de heteroestructuras de baja dimensionalidad: un estudio de materiales basados en carburos, nitruros, carbonitruros y óxidos
Authors: Caicedo Julio César , Ortiz Christian , Amaya César , Ipaz Leonid , Aperador William
Published: February 2025

El desarrollo de materiales autoacoplados en forma de multicapas o heteroestructuras ha brindado un universo de propiedades físicas y químicas que han despertado un interés especial en la ciencia en general y en la ingeniería en particular. Se presentan aquí los resultados fisicoquímicos de las heteroestructuras y se discute cómo la síntesis de materiales de baja dimensionalidad basados en carburos, nitruros, carbonitruros y óxidos, dispuestos en forma de capas bajo diversas configuraciones como TiCN/TiNbCN, Si3N4/Al2O3, [8YSZ/Al2O3]n, y [β-fosfato tricalcico/hidroxiapatita]n, y en función de la periodicidad espacial (Λ) o el número de capas (n), ofrecen variaciones de tipo estructural, estequiométrico, electroquímico, mecánico y tribológico, con valores de dureza superiores a 40 GPa, coeficientes de fricción inferiores a 0,2, carga critica de desgate superior a 75 N y velocidades de corrosión inferiores a 0,1 mmy. Al transferirse este conocimiento de la naturaleza física y electroquímica de las heteroestructuras al sector industrial mediante una implementación ingenieril eficiente, se ha impactado de manera positiva el sector empresarial, protegiendo los dispositivos mecánicos empleados en la industria, cuya operación y servicio se dan en condiciones extremas, elevadas temperaturas, y altos niveles de desgaste y corrosión. Bajo dichas condiciones extremas, las heteroestructuras se implementan para brindar protección física y química, lo que se ve reflejado en un mejor desempeño industrial y en avances del sector empresarial.
National Consensus Guideline on Diagnosis and Management of Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies
Authors: Yazdani Reza , Abdolahzade Samaneh , Ashournia Parisa , Askarisarvestani Aida , Bahrami Sima , Behfar Maryam , Daneshmandi Zahra , Bemanian Mohammad Hassan , Cheraghi Taher , Darabi Kian , Darougar Sepideh , Delavari Samaneh , Ebrahimi Sarehsadat , Eskandarzadeh Shabnam , Eslamian Golnaz , Eslami Narges , Fallah Shahrzad , Fallahpour Morteza , Fekrvand Saba , Haghbin Ali , Hamidieh Amir Ali , Hassanpoor Zohre , Esfahani Zahra Hamidi , Mahdavi Tolue , Mesdaghi Mehrnaz , Minaei Homa Hatefi , Marjani Majid , Mirazizi Shahla , Modaresi Mohammadreza , Movahedi Mahshid , Nabavi Mohammamd , Ranjbar Mojtaba , Razaghian Anahita , Saberi Mohammad , Sadeghi-Shabestari Mahnaz , Sahragard Mitra , Salami Fereshte , Seraj Sahar , Seyedsalehi Seyedehshabnam , Shafiei Alireza , Sherkat Roya , Shiari Reza , Shokri Sima , Tavakoli Saman , Vosughimotlagh Ahmad , Yazdanpanah Niloufar , Ziaee Vahid , Rezaei Nima
Published: February 2025

At present, a national consensus or guideline for diagnosing and managing patients suspected of havingpredominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs) is lacking. This consensus is written based on a combinationof scientific literature and comments from the expert panel of Iranian immunologists. A group of clinicalimmunologists reviewed the current consensus, presented their comments at a meeting titled 'First Meetingon the Diagnosis of Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) by IEI Experts,' and agreed on this consensus. Thisconsensus guideline provides recommendations on the diagnosis, antimicrobial prophylaxis, managementof clinical manifestations, and immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) for patients with PAD.
Relationship between Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis in Terms of Prevalence and Severity in East-Azerbaijan, Iran
Authors: Dastranji Azar , Moghaddam Yalda Jabbri , Hesamifard Mahsa , Sadeghi-Shabestari Mahnaz
Published: February 2025

Background: Asthma and Allergic rhinitis (AR) are frequently concurrent diseases. Epidemiological, immunological, and clinical studies reported increasing evidence of the links between AR and asthma. Epidemiologically, up to 40% of patients with AR also have asthma, and up to 80% of patients with asthma experience nasal symptoms. Furthermore, patients with AR are at three times the risk of developing asthma compared with those without AR.
Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out during one year from all patients between 0-16 years who were referred to allergy and ENT clinics with symptoms of chronic cough (more than four weeks) or upper respiratory tract symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, and nasal congestion. Data and diagnosis were classified according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) and the AR criteria and its Impact on Asthma guidelines (ARIA), respectively.
Results: 190 (120 individuals with asthma and 70 individuals with AR) were enrolled in the study. The mean age of patients with asthma was 9.14±3.13, and 43.3% were female. The severity of asthma was classified as mild (20%), moderate (70.8%), and severe (9.2%). The mean age of patients with rhinitis was 10.13±3.45 years, and 35.7% were female. Rhinitis was classified as intermittent (40%) and persistent (60%). The prevalence of AR in the asthma group was 42 individuals (35%). Twenty-nine cases of them (24.2%) had intermittent AR, and 13 (10.8%) cases had persistent AR. The prevalence of asthma in AR was 18 cases (25.7%) 3 cases (4.3%) had mild asthma, 12 cases (17/1%) had moderate asthma, and 3 cases (4.3%) had severe asthma. A significant correlation was found (P<0.0001) between the severity of AR and asthma.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of our study, there is a significant relationship between the severity of asthma and AR in patients with asthma and AR. The results show that asthma prevalence is high in patients with AR. Also, the frequency of AR in patients with asthma is significantly higher.
Evaluation of Effectiveness and Outcome of Interleukin-6 Inhibitor Treatment in Patients with Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Shiari Reza , Roshanzamir Navid , Erfanian-Salim Mahsa
Published: February 2025

Background: Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is determined by prominent multisystemic involvements with onset before the age of 16 years, of which IL-6 has a significant role in the inflammatory process. Tocilizumab (TCZ) is a human anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, which modulates IL-6 activity by blocking its binding to the soluble and membrane-bound IL-6 receptor. No comprehensive study has been done regarding the use of IL-6 inhibitors in the treatment of sJIA patients in Iran. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness and outcome of IL-6 inhibitor treatment in Iranian children with sJIA.
Methods and Materials: This is a case-control study including twenty patients diagnosed with sJIA divided equally into two groups of case and control who received TCZ and corticosteroids, respectively. Subsequently, various clinical and laboratory features were compared among these two groups.
Results: A significant difference before and after TCZ has been seen in terms of height increase, weight gain, decrease in leukocytosis, thrombocytosis and ESR, CRP negativity, and arthritis improvement.
Conclusion: Considering the favorable effects of TCZ in the control of sJIA, by producing this drug in the country and making it available to patients at a lower cost, it is possible to better control the disease and reduce the harmful effects caused by the disease and reduce the long-term use of corticosteroids.
Serum Level of Interleukin-17 in Patients with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
Authors: Najafi Shamsolmolouk , Bolandparva Farzaneh , Rezaei Arezou , Kharrazifard Mohammad Javad , Rezaei Nima
Published: February 2025

Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is an inflammatory nature, while interleukin 17 (IL-17) has a pre-inflammatory role. In the present study, serum level of IL-17 was measured in a group of individuals with RAS, compared to healthy individuals.Methods: This case-control study was done on 36 patients with RAS as cases and 36 healthy subjects as controls. The level of IL-17 was measured, using ELISA method.Results: The mean serum level of IL-17 in cases was 0.14±0.21 pg/ml, which was insignificantly lower than 0.21±0.17 pg/ml in control group (p=0.12). Meanwhile there was a significant reverse correlation between age and serum level of IL-17 (r=-0.32, p=0.006). Conclusion: Although the serum level of IL-17 in RAS patients was lower than the controls, the difference was not significant. However, significantly lower serum level of IL-17 in older subjects
Analysis of mortality and cost implications in aspiration pneumonia: A retrospective study
Authors: Bektaş Aksoy Hayriye , Günaydın Selda , Aksoy İskender
Published: February 2025

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the demographic factors, clinical outcomes, and healthcare costs associated with aspiration pneumonia, focusing on mortality rates and the economic burden on healthcare systems.
Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted using data from patients admitted to the Emergency Department of Samsun Training and Research Hospital between January 2016 and December 2017 and followed in the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia. The study recorded demographic-clinical parameters, nutritional methods, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, clinical outcomes, and cost situations for 60 patients.
Results: The average age of male patients was found to be higher than that of female patients, with a broader age range observed among men. The study identified significantly higher ICU stays and costs for deceased patients. The age group with the highest mortality rate was 66-80 years. Additionally, advanced nutritional support methods, such as enteral and parenteral nutrition, were associated with higher mortality rates.
Conclusions: Aspiration pneumonia represents a significant economic burden on healthcare systems, particularly for patients with poor outcomes. Age, ICU length of stay, and the need for advanced nutritional support are key factors influencing mortality. The findings underscore the need for multidisciplinary care approaches and early identification of high-risk patients to optimize treatment and resource allocation.
YouTube as a source of information on thoracic outlet syndrome: quality and reliability analysis
Authors: Yurttutmuş Tatlı Zeynep Rukiye , Ferahman Demet
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the quality, reliability, and characteristics of the most-viewed YouTube videos on thoracic outlet syndrome and to identify differences in quality based on content and source.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted on YouTube using four keywords related to thoracic outlet syndrome. A total of 200 videos were initially selected, of which 75 met the inclusion criteria after excluding duplicates, non-English videos, off-topic content, and videos under one minute. Video characteristics, including views, likes, duration, content type, and source, were recorded. Reliability and quality were assessed using the modified DISCERN scale, Journal of the American Medical Association benchmark criteria, and the Global Quality Scale.
Results: Among the analyzed videos, 46.7% were uploaded by non-physician health workers, 40% by physicians, and 13.3% by independent users. Disease-specific information constituted 50.7% of the content, while 20% focused on exercises, 17.3% on conservative management, and smaller percentages on patient experiences and surgical techniques. The median scores were modified DISCERN: 3.0, Journal of the American Medical Association benchmark criteria: 2.0, and Global Quality Scale: 3.0. Only 29.3% of the videos were categorized as high-quality, while the majority were of medium or low quality. All high-quality videos were found to have modified DISCERN>3. Positive correlations were identified between modified DISCERN, Journal of the American Medical Association benchmark criteria, and Global Quality Scale scores (P<0.05).
Conclusions: YouTube serves as a moderately reliable resource for information related to thoracic outlet syndrome; however, the overall quality remains suboptimal. To improve the availability of high-quality information, healthcare professionals, particularly physicians, should actively contribute to producing reliable and educational content on platforms like YouTube.
Formation and progression of microalbuminuria
Authors: Lazutkina A. Yu.
Published: February 2025

Relevance. Microalbuminuria (MAU) is a symptom diagnosed in kidney pathology, cardiovascular and other diseases. The study of the processes of development and progression of MAU will bring closer the solution of problems of nephrology, cardiology and pathological cardiorenal relationships.Objective. To study the development t and progression of MAU.Design and methods. Using the data from 6‑year follow-up of 22 clinical and anamnestic indicators of initially healthy 7,959 men (workers of locomotive crews) 18–66 years old, found out the origin of MAU and the progression of this pathological symptom. We used a confusion matrix, a multivariate regression model, relative risk assessment, Kaplan-Meier models and Cox proportional hazards model.Results. MAU was determined to be due to arterial hypertension, excessive alcohol consumption, dyslipidemia, family history of early cardiovascular disease, I–II degree retinopathy, and smoking. In our analyses, these predictors showed statistical heterogeneity. Thus, specific characteristics of the predictors were established that can be used for their ultrastructural or biochemical identification at the cellular level and identification of their damage effect.Conclusions. The course of endothelial dysfunction under the influence of MAU predictors varies considerably and depends on the effect of a particular factor, a set of predictors or all predictors taken together when they are involved simultaneously. These data show the need to find out ultrastructural and biochemical specific markers and their quantitative values of renal endothelial dysfunctions occurring under the influence of MAU predictors, during the development and progression of this pathological symptom in order to restore the normal function of the endothelial cell and the affected organ, as a whole as long, as there is still room for therapeutic efforts.
Genetic determinants of angiotensin-converting enzyme levels (data from genome-wide studies)
Authors: Kamyshnikova L. A. , Efremova O. A. , Fentisov V. V. , Bolkhovitina O. A. , Churnosov M. I.
Published: February 2025

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a key enzyme of the renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system. It plays an important role in the early prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the cardiovascular system (CVS), kidneys, and COVID‑19. Among the factors determining the ACE level, genetic factors play an important role. Understanding the role of specific genetic determinants associated with ACE levels is important, as these genetic determinants can be potentially used as markers of high ACE levels and, accordingly, markers of high risk of developing ACE-associated diseases.Objective. To study the genetic determinants of ACE levels/activity using data genome-wide association search (GWAS).Design and methods. A search for publications was performed in the GWAS catalog for the period from 2010 to 2024 using the keywords: angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE.Results. To date, 7 GWAS studies have been carried out, resulting in identification of 14 polymorphic loci associated with the level / activity of ACE. Among them, the largest number of SNPs is located in two regions of the genome — 17q23.3 (8 SNPs) and 9q34.2 (4 SNPs). Out of these, 79 % (11 SNPs) exhibit pronounced pleiotropic effects and are GWAS-significant in relation to indicators of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, immune status, are associated with the functional activity of the liver and kidneys, blood pressure levels. These polymorphisms are associated with a number of diseases: CVS, COVID‑19, Alzheimer’s disease, venous thromboembolism. According to GWAS data, the most pronounced pleiotropic effects are exhibited by polymorphisms: rs507666, rs495828, rs8176746 of the ABO gene (9q34.2). According to genome-wide studies with all 14 loci associated with the level / activity of ACE, polymorphisms (more than 60 SNPs) are in linkage disequilibrium, which are associated with various numerous traits associated with lipid / carbohydrate metabolism, immune / vascular reactions, functional state of the liver and kidneys, intercellular interactions, coagulation / anticoagulation system, etc., as well as with cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, COVID‑19, etc.Conclusions. The level / activity of ACE is genetically determined by polymorphisms of predominantly genome regions 17q23.3 and 9q34.2, which exhibit pronounced pleiotropic phenotypic effects.