bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Strategy in Breast Cancer Therapy: Revealing The Bright Side of Ginsenosides
Authors: Hashemi Farid , Zarrabi Ali , Zabolian Amirhossein , Saleki Hossein , Farahani Mahdi V. , Sharifzadeh Seyed O. , Ghahremaniyeh Zahra , Bejandi Atefe K. , Hushmandi Kiavash , Ashrafizadeh Milad , Khan Haroon
Published: January 2021

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Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Breast cancer cells demonstrate
uncontrolled proliferation and high metastatic capacity. They can obtain resistance to
chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This has resulted in troublesome treatment of breast cancer. Nature
as a rich source of plant derived-natural products with anti-tumor activity can be of interest in
breast cancer therapy. Ginsenosides are triterpenoid saponins and considered as secondary metabolites
exclusively found in Panax species. From immemorial times, ginsenosides have been applied
in the treatment of various disorders such as diabetes, inflammatory diseases, neurological disorders,
and particularly, cancer. In the present review, we highlight the anti-tumor activity of ginsenosides
against breast cancer cells. Ginsenosides are able to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
They interfere with breast cancer metastasis via inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition,
matrix metalloproteinase proteins and angiogenesis. Ginsenosides can promote the efficacy of chemotherapy
via suppressing migration and proliferation. Molecular pathways such as phosphatidylinositol
3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), insulin-like growth factor-1, Wnt, microRNAs and
long non-coding RNAs are affected by ginsenosides in suppressing breast cancer malignancy.
Consequently, ginsenosides are versatile compounds in breast cancer therapy by suppressing the
growth and invasion, as well as promoting their sensitivity to chemotherapy.
The Radiosensitizing Effect of Olanzapine as an Antipsychotic Medication
on Glioblastoma Cell
Authors: Hosseinimehr Seyed Jalal , Allahgholipour Seyedeh Zahra , Farzipour Soghra , Ghasemi Arash , Asgarian-Omran Hossein
Published: January 2021

Background:

Radiotherapy is used as one of the most effective regimens for cancer
treatment, while radioresistance is a major drawback in cancer treatment.

Objectives:

This study aimed to evaluate the sensitizing effect of olanzapine (OLA) with X-ray on
glioblastoma (U-87 MG) cells death.

Methods:

The synergistic killing effect of OLA with ionizing radiation (IR) on glioma was evaluated
by colony formation assay. The generations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein carbonyl
(PC) as oxidized proteins were determined in OLA-treated and irradiated cells.

Results:

Results of this study showed that OLA reduced the number of colonies in irradiated glioma
cells.OLA elevated ROS and PC levels in irradiated cells. The synergistic killing effect of OLA
with IR in U-87 MG cells was observed at concentrations of 1 μM and 20 μM of OLA. The maximum
radiosensitizing effect of OLA was observed at a concentration of 20 μM.

Conclusion:

The present study demonstrates that OLA has a radiosensitizing effect on cell death induced
by IR in glioma cells.
Recent Developments in Medicated Lozenges: A Promising Dosage Form for the Effective Delivery of Therapeutic Agents
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Kumar Dinesh , Singh Gurmeet
Published: January 2021

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The delivery of therapeutic agents through the oral route remains the most favorable one as compared to other routes of drug administration. However, numerous disadvantages are encountered in conventional formulations such as low bioavailability, first-pass metabolism, gastric irritation, delayed onset of action, bitter taste, low retention time, frequent dosing, and non-localized drug targeting. All these problems encountered guide the various pharmaceutical industries to manufacture and develop a novel solid oral dosage form called lozenges. Lozenges are solid oral dosage forms of medicament, meant to be dissolved within the mouth or pharynx. They may consist of one or more than one medicinal agent in a sweetened and flavored base material.

:

The present review is focused on various types, compositions, and methodologies used to prepare the medicated lozenges and on different evaluation parameters that establish their safety and efficacy. It also put a light on different commercially available and reported medicated lozenges formulation.

:

The various review and research articles reported by different researchers were studied extensively by using the databases of Google Scholar, Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and various commercial websites that were also investigated for information regarding new products.

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Lozenges provide various advantages in terms of patient compliance, rapid onset of action, prolonged retention time, enhancement of bioavailability, ease of manufacturing, localized drug targeting, sustained or controlled effect, and reduced dosing frequency. They also have the ability to incorporate the drugs belonging to different therapeutic classes for treating various disorders related to oral cavities like gingivitis, dental plaque, mouth ulcers, throat pain, oral thrush, throat infection, periodontitis, and pharyngitis. However, its applicability is not only limited to localized action, but it has also been employed to deliver the drug systemically for the conditions such as cough, decongestion, runny nose, nausea, vomiting, allergy, low immunity, fever, body ache, the killing of worms and smoking cessation.

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It was concluded that they have played an important role in the field of drug delivery and will continue to perform in the same way in the future as well.
Construction of Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks for Energy Minimization Using a Modified ACO Algorithm
Authors: Dey Monojit , Das Arnab , Banerjee Avishek , Kamila Ujjwal Kumar , Chattopadhyay Samiran
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we have proposed different deployment strategies and have applied area-wise
clustering along with modified Ant Colony Optimization to minimize energy consumption.

Background:

Previously, some deployment strategies were used to enhance the lifetime of WSN. In our
research, we have applied some novel deployment strategies like random, spiral, and S-pattern along
with a novel area-wise clustering process to get better results than the existing literature, as shown in
Table 4.

Objective:

The main objective of the research article is to enhance the lifetime of Wireless Sensor
Network with the help of different deployment strategies like random, spiral, and S-pattern). A novel
clustering process (i.e., area-wise clustering), and a Meta-heuristic algorithm (modified ACO) are applied.

Methods:

We have applied different methods for deployment strategies (random, spiral, and S-pattern).
A novel clustering process (i.e., area-wise clustering), and a Meta-heuristic algorithm (modified ACO)
are applied to get the desired results.

Results:

Random Deployment: 11.15 days to 15.09 days. Spiral Deployment: 11.25 days to 15.23 days.
S-Pattern Deployment: 11.33 days to 15.33 days.

Conclusion:

In this paper, efficient Wireless Sensor Networks have been configured considering energy
minimization as the prime concern. To minimize the energy consumption, a modified ACO algorithm
has been proposed. In our work, the minimization of energy consumption leads to an increment of the
lifetime of WSN to a significant margin theoretically. The obtained result has been compared with the
existing literature and it has been found that the proposed algorithm produced a better result than the
existing literature.
A Wrapper Based Feature Selection Using Grey Wolf Optimization for Botnet Attack Detection
Authors: Penmatsa Ravi Kiran Verma , Mallidi S Kumar Reddy , Muni Rohit Rishi
Published: January 2021

Aim:

To design and evaluate the performance of a Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) based
wrapper feature selection applied to the Botnet malware detection system.

Background:

A botnet is malicious software controlled by a master and used to compromise a distributed
set of systems, in turn targeting a victim. Powerful attacks like Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)
can be triggered using a botnet. With the rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its omnipresence,
the vulnerable IoT devices are also under threat of being a victim or a zombie.

Objective:

To optimize the listed botnet data traffic features, Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), in a
wrapper model, is used to search the useful features without affecting the classification accuracy.

Method:

The Botnet dataset consists of a total of 192 Command and Control (C&C) botnet channels
HTTP traffic features, and network traffic session-based features. GWO optimization algorithm is used
as a wrapper for feature selection, and evaluated on three different classifiers, viz., SVM, KNN, and DT.

Results:

Decision Tree (DT) and GWO wrapper produced the best results when compared with other
classifiers. The output of the research reduces the botnet traffic features to 19 from 192, with an accuracy
of 99.73% post the reduction.

Conclusion:

The proposed DT-GWO wrapper turns out to be an excellent choice for feature reduction
for botnet attack detection. The strength of the DT-GWO wrapper is that it is able to retain the near fullfeature
accuracy even after a massive reduction of 90.10% of the features.
A Method for Performing Forging Operation: A Perspective of Industry 4.0
Authors: Pasi Bhaveshkumar N. , Mahajan Subhash K. , Rane Santosh B.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Cold forging operation is done on small as well as large scale in manufacturing
industries. These industries are facing problems such as higher rejection rate of the final product, low
productivity, the high number of accidents during production, etc.

Objective:

The purpose of this research work is to develop a Voice-Assisted Forging System (VAFS)
with a lower rejection rate, higher productivity, and lower number of accidents during production.

Methods:

Based on recently published journals and patents, traditional and automatic forging operations,
Industry 4.0, and voice assisted systems are reviewed and VAFS is designed and developed. Then, the
trial is taken on VAFS to investigate its performance. Finally, limitations and future research of the VAFS
are proposed.

Results:

It is found that after implementation of the VAFS the average rejection count is reduced by 90.3
percentage, the operational productivity is increased by 71.2 percentage, and process accuracy is increased
from 92.75 percentage to 99.30 percentage. Also, the number of accidents is reduced to zero. In
comparison with the manual forging operation, the VAFS occupies less space, and it is easy to operate.

Conclusion:

This system will help the workers as well as the owner of industries to create a better man and machine
relationship and to have a human-friendly working environment. VAFS reduces exhaustion and hassle of employees,
components rejection, and energy consumptions in the production line.
Otoritas Keagamaan Baru: Habituasi dan Arena Dakwah Era Digital
Authors: Haryadi Didid
Published: January 2021

The presence of the hijrah community in Indonesia directly resulted in the emergence of a new religious authority. Social media is a key factor in the massive campaign and regeneration carried out by the hijrah community. 'Terang Jakarta' and 'Shift Bandung' are two hijrah communities that have a very large number of congregations, especially on social media. This research attempts to answer the role of social media in shaping new patterns of new religious authority and to describe its relationship with traditional religious authority. Using a qualitative approach, this research finds that the formation of new religious authorities is more dominated by the prseference for preaching through social media, both by public figures and new religious teachers at the local level. These new religious authorities were actively involved in the hijrah community which they directly cultivated. Traditional religious authorities such as Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Muhammadiyah need to synergize programs with hijrah groups, especially in dakwah activities and religious moderation. This research considers that the Islamic Progressive group is an alternative movement capable of providing advocacy to all groups in Indonesia.
Model Pemberdayaan Santri Pondok Pesantren Al-Furqon Kota Prabumulih melalui Kewirausahaan
Authors: Kurniawan Rudy , Lionardo Andries
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini berjudul “Pemberdayaan Santri Podndok Pesantren al-Furqon Kota Prabumulih Melalui Kewirausahaan” bertujuan untuk menemukan bentuk pemberdayaan santri Pondok Pesantren Al-Furqon Kota Prabumulih melalui kewirausahaan dan pengembangan pemberdayaan santri Pondok Pesantren Al-Furqon Kota Prabumulih melalui kewirausahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan melakukan observasi dan wawancara mendalam dengan informan. Pemberdayaan yang diberikan oleh Pondok Pesantren al-Furqon Prabumulih kepada santri dalam bentuk kewirausahaan merupakan salah satu cara dimana selain melatih dan mengembangkan bakat anak, dalam wirausaha juga terdapat nilai–nilai karakter yang dapat mendidik santri menjadi santri yang berkarakter baik. Tidak hanya mampu menjadi seorang wirausaha tetapi dapat sekaligus menjadi orang yang memiliki budi pekerti dan dermawan serta perduli pada lingkungan dan sesama manusia.
Efektivitas Tahfidh dan Tahsin Al-Quran pada Masyarakat di Indonesia
Authors: Cahyani Nadia , Sakinah Neila , Fithriyah Nur Nafisatul
Published: January 2021

Artikel ini ingin menunjukkan asal mula munculnya tahfidz Alquran di Indonesia, korelasi antara tahfidz dan tahsin, serta efektivitas anatara tahfidz dan tahsin di Indonesia. Dengan berbagai metode tahfidz dan tahsin yang ada di Indonesia, penulis mencoba menganalisis metode mana yang cocok dan sesuai untuk diterapkan kepada masyarakat Indonesia untuk mengoptimalkan dan memaksimalkan dalam menghafal Alquran. Selain itu metode tahfidz juga diperlukan untuk menunjang kelancaran dan memudahkan dalam menghafal. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini yaitu metode historis, dengan mengkorelasikan antara metode awal hafalan di Indonesia dengan yang digunakan pada saat ini. Metode historis juga dapat memberikan pemaparan dari para Kiai atau masyarakat Indondesia yang terlibat dalam awal mula menghafal Alquran. Kemudian dapat ditarik untuk dianalisis dengan metode menghafal Alquran yang ada pada saat ini. Analisis dari penulis menghasilkan bahwa tahfidz dan tahsin merupakan dua elemen yang tidak dapat dipisahkan. Keduanya harus berjalan secara beriringan dengan tujuan agar mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal dan mendapat kesempurnaan dalam bacaan maupun menghafal Alquran.
Penggunaan Non-Steroid Antiinflamatory Drug dan Potensi Interaksi Obatnya Pada Pasien Muskuloskeletal
Authors:   Program Studi D III Farmasi, Poltekkes Tanjungkarang, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia, Isnenia Isnenia
Published: January 2021

The main therapy on musculoskeletal patients is the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) either as monotherapy or in combination with drugs of the same class or pain relievers from other groups. The use of more than one drugs have potentially caused drug-drug interactions that can affect to patient. This study was aimed to describe the patient's sociodemographic (sex, ages) and clinical (numbers of drugs, type of drugs and diagnose) characteristics, as well as to find the correlation between potential drug interactions with these variables. This research was a quantitative study with a cross sectional design. Data were taken from 100 medical records of patients who had diagnosed with top five musculoskeletal diseases. Data were analyzed descriptively for sex, ages, number of drugs, type of drugs, and potential drug interactions. Bivariate correlation with chi-square were conducted to find statistically significancy potential drug interactions with each variable consist of sex, ages, type of drugs and it’s diagnose. The result shows that the musculoskeletal patients were 44% male, 56% female. Most musculoskeletal patients were aged 18-65 years (78%). Patients who received drugs <5 were 68% and ≥ 5 were 32%. 54% of patients were taking the diclofenac and only 5% of patients were taking the two NSAIDs combination, diclofenac and ibuprofen. There was no significant correlation (p > 0,05) between potential drug interactions with age, sex, type of NSAID, and type of musculosceletal diseases.
Kritik Terhadap Tren Wisata Foto di Indonesia : Kasus Tebing Breksi Yogyakarta
Authors: Rafika Dhona Holy , Astari Wulan
Published: January 2021

Salah satu cara pengembangan dunia wisata sekarang adalah wisata foto. Wisata foto dalam perbincangan akademis seringkali diamati dari perspektif pelaku bisnis wisata sebagai wisata yang efektif dan efisien. Wisata foto dapat dianggap sebagai proses mediatisasi, proses dimana logika media mempengaruhi dimensi kehidupan pariwisata manusia. Dalam proses itu, wisata foto sama halnya dengan membuat wisatawan menjadi buruh dalam industri wisata. Dengan menganalisis objek wisata Tebing Breksi, artikel ini berupaya menjelaskan tiga hal; 1) bagaimana mediasi Tebing Breksi dan pengaruhnya pada produksi ruang wisata Tebing Breksi dan; 2) bagaimana mediatisasi terjadi di dalamnya dan 3) bagaimana wisatawan dalam mediatisasi Tebing Breksi menjadi buruh wisatawan justru ketika ia melakukan pelesir. Artinya, wisata foto sebenarnya adalah mengubah waktu bersenang-senang manusia menjadi waktu kerja.
Institution Image Bidang Penaatan Peraturan Lingkungan DLHK Kabupaten Karawang
Authors: Desca Lestari Saras , Hariyanto Fajar , Tayo Yanti
Published: January 2021

Communication is a very decisive aspect for the delivery of public services, so service providers must know how to communicate well so that they can influence others in the service. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Interviews were conducted with informants determined by purposive sampling, the informants were employees who handled services at DLHK Karawang, and the society who received services. And use one of three important aspects/dimensions in public service communication, namely Institution/Corporate Image. The results showed that, communication of public services provided by the PPL DLHK Karawang had given a pretty good impression. Communities and companies have received complete information and good service, because important aspects/dimensions in service communication already exist in the DLHKKarawang. However there are still some shortcomings, DLHKKarawang does not have brochures, leaflets or films about services. Yet in the implementation of public service communication must pay attention to all things that can support the achievement of the goal of providing excellent service.
The Acts of John, the Acts of Andrew and the Greek Novel
Authors: Bremmer Jan N.
Published: January 2021

Since the 1930s, it has been observed that the Greek novel and the Christian Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles (AAA) display a series of similarities. This is not surprising, as the earlier AAA all belong to about the same period of time as the latest novels, except for Heliodorus, and derive from Asia Minor, the same area in which most of the surviving novels seem to have originated. Consequently, some of the similarities may well have been determined by the fact that the authors of the novel and the AAA lived in the same world. Yet there are clearly also scenes and motifs, which the AAA derived from the novel. In this contribution, I note the impact of the novel on the Acts of John and the Acts of Andrew and identify an influence from Chariton, Xenophon’s Ephesiaca and Achilles Tatius despite the fact that the novel ends in the reunion of the couple, who will enter now a happily married life with plenty of sex, whereas the couples in the AAA ideally end up in a chaste Platonic relationship. The surprising influence of the novel on the AAA may well be explained from a similar intended readership, that is, well educated higher-class women.
Anthia and Habrocomes in Full Bloom: A Literary Onomastic Analysis of Erotic Andreia and Lasting Beauty in Xenophon’s Ephesiaca
Authors: Genter John
Published: January 2021

Ancient readers were highly attuned to etymologically and allusively significant character names, which helped shape their experience and understanding of narratives in a variety of ways. Authors frequently exploited that fact in their compositions. This paper capitalizes on that state of affairs by utilizing a literarily attuned onomastic analysis to explore two themes in Xenophon’s Ephesiaca. Specifically, I argue that Xenophon deploys several character names in interpretively important and sometimes sophisticated ways to serve the construction of themes relating to erotic andreia and lasting beauty. Regarding erotic andreia, this study largely supplements and corroborates conclusions that have been emerging in recent scholarship and offers a few fresh proposals for consideration. Xenophon’s interest in lasting beauty has not received much attention in contemporary scholarship outside of David Konstan’s Sexual Symmetry. The results of this study suggest that the theme deserves further examination. I offer a brief sketch, informed by onomastic analysis, of where the theme occurs and why it matters in the story Xenophon is telling.
Considerazioni sull’autorappresentazione di Trimalchione: gli affreschi della porticus e il monumento funebre
Authors: Conese Claudia
Published: January 2021

This article addresses some issues relating to the life of Trimalchio, the well-known freedman of Petronius' Satyricon. In particular, it focuses on the modalities of self-representation of the freedman through two ekphrasis, the one painted in the frescoes of the porticus, and the other represented by the monumental complex of his tomb. The two descriptions are interpreted not only in the light of literary references, both internal and external to the Petronian novel, but also trying to find precise archaeological counterparts that would help to insert literary fiction in a realistic context. From the comparison with the literary and archaeological data some details emerge that highlight the complex and multifaceted Trimalchio’s desire for self-representation, which denotes a deep and lucid consciousness of himself and of his own condition beyond the well-known cliché of the rich upstart.
Measuring strategic performance in Arab universities: A suggested model (MSP UNIs)
Authors:   College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia, El-Din Gamal M. Kamal ,   Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt, Almekhlafi Abdul-Wasea Abdul-Ghani Saif ,   Community College, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia,   Faculty of Administrative Sciences, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
Published: January 2021

The main objective of this article is to determine the validity of the proposed system for measuring strategic performance (MSP Unis) in Arab universities at the level of its three Perspectives; performance measurement, measurement processes, and measurement potentials. However, most of the Arab universities face difficulties in the measurement of their strategic performance due to cost and the lack of human resources specialists in that field. The study was conducted through a questionnaire consisting of 38 items distributed on a sample of 116 experts working in the field of strategic planning in universities registered in the Association of Arab Universities. So, by the use of factor analysis, the results disclosed a very high degree of correlation between the paragraphs and the three dimensions that make up the system. The results of the statistical analysis demonstrated the validity of the proposed strategic performance measurement system for use in measuring the strategic performance of Arab universities from the viewpoint of respondents with a very high arithmetic average amounted 4.30, and a very high approval rate for the content of the paragraphs reaching to 86%. Accordingly, the current study is consistent with the previous studies. The research recommendations obviously have been concluded as (a) An implementation of the suggested system (MSP Unis) in Arab universities and supporting its implementation’s potentials. (b) A Benefiting from the results of the factor analysis in implementation plans on the level of its three Perspectives. (c) Developing training programs to consolidate the proposed MSP Unis. (d) Enabling strategic planning departments to implement the proposed MSP Unis.
Evolution of existing software to mobile computing platforms: Framework support and case study
Authors:   College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia, Alkhalil Adel
Published: January 2021

Mobile computing as ubiquitous and pervasive technology supports portable and context-aware computation. To date, there exist a significant number of traditional computing systems–running on the web and/or workstation-based platforms–that lack features of mobile computing, including but not limited to ubiquity, context-sensing, and high interactivity. Software that executes on these traditional computing systems is referred to as legacy software that can be upgraded to exploit the features of mobile technologies. However, legacy software may contain critical data, logic, and processes that cannot be easily replaced. One of the solutions is to evolve legacy software systems by (a) upgrading their functionality while (b) preserving their data and logic. Recently research and development efforts are focused on modernizing the legacy systems as per the needs of service and cloud-based platforms. However, there does not exist any research that supports a systematic modernization of legacy software as per the requirements of the mobile platforms. We propose a framework named Legacy-to-Mobile as a solution that supports an incremental and process-driven evolution of the legacy software to mobile computing software. The proposed Legacy-to-Mobile framework unifies the concepts of software reverse engineering (recovering software artifacts) and software change (upgrading software artifacts) to support the legacy evolution. The framework follows an incremental approach with four processes that include (i) evolution planning, (ii) architecture modeling, (iii) architecture change, and (iv) software validation of mobile computing software. The framework provides the foundation (as part of futuristic research) to develop a tool prototype that supports automation and user decision support for incremental and process-driven evolution of legacy software to mobile computing platforms.
Люминесцентные характеристики низкотемпературной плазмы на основе смеси гелий-глутамин
Authors: Генерал А.А.
Published: January 2021

Впервые экспериментально исследованы спектры люминесценции низкотемпературной плазмы импульсно-периодического разряда в смеси He-Glu при низких давлениях, не превышающих нескольких десятков Torr. Установлено, что в спектральной области 200-850 нм наблюдаются интенсивные полосы УФ излучения полученных фрагментов молекул глутамина, а именно молекул азота N*2(C 3u-> B 3g), а также излучения монооксидов углерода CO*(B 1Sigma-> A 1) в видимой и инфракрасной областях. Наибольший выход люминесценции молекул фрагментов глутамина достигается при температуре стенок газоразрядной трубки, не превышающей 140oС. Ключевые слова: молекулы глутамина, аминокислота, монооксид углерода, азот, низкотемпературная плазма, импульсно-периодический разряд, люминесценция.
Фосфоресценция кислорода при возбуждении на длине волны 765 nm
Authors: Киселев В.М. , Багров И.В. , Гренишин А.С.
Published: January 2021

Abstract — The phosphorescence of oxygen in the liquid phase and in a solution in carbon tetrachloride was studied upon excitation at a wavelength of 765 nm using an LED array as a source of direct optical excitation. A comparison is made of the observed efficiency of oxygen phosphorescence at a wavelength of 1270 nm upon its excitation at a wavelength of 765 nm with its excitation at other wavelengths, which partially or completely coincide with the absorption lines of molecular oxygen complexes. Key words: phosphorescence, singlet oxygen, molecular complexes, optical excitation, LED matrices.
Оптические характеристики неоднородного слоя титаната бария, легированного европием
Authors: Стаськов Н.И. , Сотский А.Б. , Сотская Л.И. , Гапоненко Н.В. , Лашковская Е.И. , Петлицкий А.Н. , Козлов А.А.
Published: January 2021

Разработан алгоритм решения обратной задачи многоугловой спектрофотометрии неоднородной поглощающей пленки, основанный на полиномиальных представлениях плотности материала пленки и его комплексного коэффициента рефракции. Алгоритм применен для определения спектральных и пространственных распределений показателей преломления и поглощения пленки титаната бария, легированного европием. Пленка нанесена по золь-гель-технологии на слой диоксида кремния, находящийся на кремниевой подложке. Корректность полученного решения проверена сравнением рассчитанных и измеренных спектров эллипсометрических углов и спектров отражательной способности структуры при нормальном падении света. Легирование европием титаната бария приводит к уменьшению длины волны, соответствующей краю полосы собственного поглощения, увеличению ширины запрещенной зоны материала в приповерхностном слое пленки и снижению концентрации европия вглубь пленки. Ключевые слова: многоугловая спектрофотометрия, эллипсометрия, неоднородный поглощающий слой, оптические характеристики титаната бария, легированного европием.
Электромагнитно индуцированная прозрачность коротких слабых и мощных импульсов лазерного излучения
Authors: Паршков О.М.
Published: January 2021

Сообщаются выводы теоретического исследования зависимости характеристик явления электромагнитно индуцированной прозрачности от мощности импульса входного пробного излучения при эллиптической поляризации лазерных полей. Анализ проведен для -схемы неоднородно уширенных квантовых переходов между уровнями 3P0, 3P10 и 3P2 изотопа 208Pb. Рассматриваются случаи резонанса, т. е. совпадения частот пробного и управляющего полей с центральными частотами соответствующих квантовых переходов, и квазирезонанса, когда такое совпадение имеет место лишь с точностью до ширины линии соответствующего квантового перехода. Показано, что в указанных случаях существует тенденция распада входного пробного излучения на импульсы с различными поляризационными характеристиками. Если входное пробное излучение достаточно слабо, то эти импульсы имеют постоянные поляризационные характеристики и являются импульсами нормальных мод. В случае большей мощности входного пробного излучения импульсы, на которые оно распадается в среде, не являются импульсами нормальных мод, но их поляризационные характеристики колеблются около значений, присущих нормальным модам. При этом фазовая модуляция пробного поля присутствует на всех стадиях его распространения в среде. Показано, что с ростом интенсивности входного пробного излучения прозрачность среды для пробного поля уменьшается. Однако она достаточно велика, если поляризационные характеристики входного пробного излучения совпадают с таковыми для нормальной моды, большая ось эллипса поляризации которой параллельна большой оси эллипса поляризации управляющего поля. Ключевые слова: электромагнитно индуцированная прозрачность, нормальные моды.
О возможности применения фторидных неодим-активированных кристаллов в качестве светоуправляемого затворв для излучения ArF-лазера (193 nm)
Authors: Аглямов Р.Д. , Наумов А.К. , Ловчев А.В. , Морозов О.А.
Published: January 2021

Сообщено об оптических свойствах кристаллов фторидов KY3F10:Nd3+, Na3Y6F22:Nd3+, SrF2:Nd3+ и CaF2:Nd3+ в УФ и ВУФ областях спектра. Спектры поглощения из основного (4I9/2) и из возбужденного (4F3/2) состояний зарегистрированы в диапазоне длин волн от 190 до 240 nm. Спектры поглощения из возбужденного состояния показывают существенное приращение коэффициентов поглощения исследованных образцов в области длин волн 193 nm при накачке состояния 4F3/2 ионов Nd3+ ИК излучением. Полученные результаты демонстрируют возможность применения этих кристаллов в качестве оптических затворов для УФ и ВУФ диапазона, управляемых внешним лазерным ИК излучением, например для излучения эксимерного ArF-лазера с длиной волны 193 nm, которое начало применяться в фотолитографии. Ключевые слова: фторидный кристалл, ионы неодима, ВУФ, УФ, спектр поглощения, поглощение из возбужденного состояния, оптический затвор, 193 nm, эксимерный ArF-лазер.
Оценка упорядоченности поперечной структуры мезопористых фотонных кристаллов
Authors: Миронова Т.В. , Крайский А.В.
Published: January 2021

Оценивается однородность структуры мезопористого фотонного кристалла по электронной фотографии его поверхности. Предложен метод разбиения поверхности кристалла на домены с помощью корреляционной обработки цифрового изображения. В качестве основных численных характеристик упорядоченности системы пор рекомендованы следующие параметры: средний и максимальный линейные размеры домена, а также доля регулярных структур в образце. По этим и по ряду дополнительных параметров можно различать даже очень близкие по качеству структуры. Проведено сравнение изображений из различных источников. Ключевые слова: алюминиевая фольга, фотонные кристаллы, поры, однородность структуры, цифровое изображение.
Enhancement of Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Signal Subject to the Magnetic Confinement and Dual Pulses-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Hussain Atif , Xun Gao , Asghar Haroon , Azam Muhammad , -=SUP=-1-=/SUP=- Qura-tul-Ain , Nawaz Zeesha
Published: January 2021

In this work, a comparative study for the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) of aluminium (Al) target has been performed by using the two kinds of enhancement techniques namely, magnetic confinement and double pulse-LIBS (DP-LIBS). Firstly, the signal enhancement of Al plasma by combining the LIBS with an external magnetic field was exposed. Secondly, the signal enhancement by configuring the dual-pulses action in LIBS was performed. We found that the optical emission lines and plasma parameters (electron temperature and density) showed significant enhancement in the presence of magnetic field and DP-LIBS. During the magnetic confinement, the maximum enhancement factors of about 6 and 8 were achieved for the spectral line Mg (II) 279.5 nm and Al (II) 280.1 nm, respectively. An enhancement factor was reached up to 12-folds for the various spectral lines in DP-LIBS. Our results have significance in improving the LIBS sensitivity. Keywords: LIBS, spectral lines, magnetic confinement, Boltzmann, dual pulses
Analyzing Digital Evidence From a Telemental Health Platform to Assess Complex Psychological Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Content Analysis of Text Messages
Authors: Hull Thomas D , Levine Jacob , Bantilan Niels , Desai Angel N , Majumder Maimuna S
Published: January 2021

Background

The novel COVID-19 disease has negatively impacted mortality, economic conditions, and mental health. These impacts are likely to continue after the COVID-19 pandemic ends. There are no methods for characterizing the mental health burden of the COVID-19 pandemic, and differentiating this burden from that of the prepandemic era. Accurate illness detection methods are critical for facilitating pandemic-related treatment and preventing the worsening of symptoms.

Objective

We aimed to identify major themes and symptom clusters in the SMS text messages that patients send to therapists. We assessed patients who were seeking treatment for pandemic-related distress on Talkspace, which is a popular telemental health platform.

Methods

We used a machine learning algorithm to identify patients’ pandemic-related concerns, based on their SMS text messages in a large, digital mental health service platform (ie, Talkspace). This platform uses natural language processing methods to analyze unstructured therapy transcript data, in parallel with brief clinical assessment methods for analyzing depression and anxiety symptoms.

Results

Our results show a significant increase in the incidence of COVID-19–related intake anxiety symptoms (P<.001), but no significant differences in the incidence of intake depression symptoms (P=.79). During our transcript analyses, we identified terms that were related to 24 symptoms outside of those included in the diagnostic criteria for anxiety and depression.

Conclusions

Our findings for Talkspace suggest that people who seek treatment during the pandemic experience more severe intake anxiety than they did before the COVID-19 outbreak. It is important to monitor the symptoms that we identified in this study and the symptoms of anxiety and depression, to fully understand the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health.
Classification Models for COVID-19 Test Prioritization in Brazil: Machine Learning Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Viana dos Santos Santana Íris , CM da Silveira Andressa , Sobrinho Álvaro , Chaves e Silva Lenardo , Dias da Silva Leandro , Santos Danilo F S , Gurjão Edmar C , Perkusich Angelo
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Controlling the COVID-19 outbreak in Brazil is a challenge due to the population’s size and urban density, inefficient maintenance of social distancing and testing strategies, and limited availability of testing resources.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study is to effectively prioritize patients who are symptomatic for testing to assist early COVID-19 detection in Brazil, addressing problems related to inefficient testing and control strategies.

METHODS

Raw data from 55,676 Brazilians were preprocessed, and the chi-square test was used to confirm the relevance of the following features: gender, health professional, fever, sore throat, dyspnea, olfactory disorders, cough, coryza, taste disorders, and headache. Classification models were implemented relying on preprocessed data sets; supervised learning; and the algorithms multilayer perceptron (MLP), gradient boosting machine (GBM), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), and logistic regression (LR). The models’ performances were analyzed using 10-fold cross-validation, classification metrics, and the Friedman and Nemenyi statistical tests. The permutation feature importance method was applied for ranking the features used by the classification models with the highest performances.

RESULTS

Gender, fever, and dyspnea were among the highest-ranked features used by the classification models. The comparative analysis presents MLP, GBM, DT, RF, XGBoost, and SVM as the highest performance models with similar results. KNN and LR were outperformed by the other algorithms. Applying the easy interpretability as an additional comparison criterion, the DT was considered the most suitable model.

CONCLUSIONS

The DT classification model can effectively (with a mean accuracy≥89.12%) assist COVID-19 test prioritization in Brazil. The model can be applied to recommend the prioritizing of a patient who is symptomatic for COVID-19 testing.
Learning Dynamic Treatment Strategies for Coronary Heart Diseases by Artificial Intelligence: Real-world Data Driven Study (Preprint)
Authors: Guo Haihong , Li Jiao , Liu Hongyan , He Jun
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Coronary heart disease (CHD) had become the world’s leading cause of death, and one of the worldwide most serious epidemic diseases. CHD was characterized by urgency, danger and severity, to make dynamic treatment strategies for CHD patients in the ICUs are of great importance. However, few works had done on this.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed at building and validating an AI clinical decision support system for dynamic treatment of CHD patients with the goal of improving patient outcome and learning the best practice from clinicians at the same time.

METHODS

We formed the treatment strategy as a sequential decision problem, and applied an AI framework SRL-LSTM which combined supervised learning (SL) and reinforcement learning (RL) with a LSTM network to track the patients’ states, to learn a recommendation model that took the patient’s diagnosis and evolving health status as input, and gave a treatment recommendation in the form of whether or not to take the specific drugs.
The experiments were conducted by leveraging a real-world ICU database with 13,762 hospital admissions diagnosed with CHD. We compared the applied SRL-LSTM model with several state-of-the-art supervised learning models and reinforcement learning models on the performance of reducing estimated in-hospital mortality and the Jaccard similarity with clinician decisions. We used the random forest algorithm to calculate the feature importance of both the clinician policy and the AI policy, so as to illustrate the interpretability of the AI model. Case studies were conducted to analysis the similarities and differences between the AI recommend treatment actions and the clinician’s actual treatment decisions.

RESULTS

The AI model with 40% reinforcement learning and 60% supervised learning could help reducing estimated in-hospital mortality by 3.13% and 0.81% on trajectory and state-wise respectively, and ensure the Jaccard similarity (0.3110) close to its supervised learning prototype (0.3432). We observed that the smallest treatment action difference between AI policy and clinician decision was associated with the best survival rates, the further the prescribed drugs away from the AI recommended treatment, the worse the outcome. The case study showed that the similarity between clinician decision and AI policy on the survival case was high, while on the expired case was much smaller.

CONCLUSIONS

We applied an AI model of SRL-LSTM to learn dynamic treatment strategies for CHD patients in ICUs by using real-world EHRs, and it was proved to have the ability to help improving the outcome of CHD patients through its RL part, as well as learning the best practice of the clinicians by the SL part.

CLINICALTRIAL
Characteristics of Mobile Health Platforms for Depression and Anxiety: Content Analysis Through a Systematic Review of the Literature and Systematic Search of Two App Stores (Preprint)
Authors: Leong Qiao Ying , Sridhar Shreya , Blasiak Agata , Tadeo Xavier , Yeo GeckHong , Remus Alexandria , Ho Dean
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Mobile health (mHealth) platforms show promise in the management of mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression. This has resulted in an abundance of mHealth platforms available for research or commercial use.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this review is to characterize the current state of mHealth platforms designed for anxiety or depression that are available for research, commercial use, or both.

METHODS

A systematic review was conducted using a two-pronged approach: searching relevant literature with prespecified search terms to identify platforms in published research and simultaneously searching 2 major app stores—Google Play Store and Apple App Store—to identify commercially available platforms. Key characteristics of the mHealth platforms were synthesized, such as platform name, targeted condition, targeted group, purpose, technology type, intervention type, commercial availability, and regulatory information.

RESULTS

The literature and app store searches yielded 169 and 179 mHealth platforms, respectively. Most platforms developed for research purposes were designed for depression (116/169, 68.6%), whereas the app store search reported a higher number of platforms developed for anxiety (Android: 58/179, 32.4%; iOS: 27/179, 15.1%). The most common purpose of platforms in both searches was treatment (literature search: 122/169, 72.2%; app store search: 129/179, 72.1%). With regard to the types of intervention, cognitive behavioral therapy and referral to care or counseling emerged as the most popular options offered by the platforms identified in the literature and app store searches, respectively. Most platforms from both searches did not have a specific target age group. In addition, most platforms found in app stores lacked clinical and real-world evidence, and a small number of platforms found in the published research were available commercially.

CONCLUSIONS

A considerable number of mHealth platforms designed for anxiety or depression are available for research, commercial use, or both. The characteristics of these mHealth platforms greatly vary. Future efforts should focus on assessing the quality—utility, safety, and effectiveness—of the existing platforms and providing developers, from both commercial and research sectors, a reporting guideline for their platform description and a regulatory framework to facilitate the development, validation, and deployment of effective mHealth platforms.
The Value of Tracking Data on the Behavior of Patients Who Have Undergone Bariatric Surgery: Explorative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Versteegden Dirk , van Himbeeck Magaly , Burghoorn Anne W , Lovei Peter , Deckers Eva , Jansen Jos-Marien , Nienhuijs Simon
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

To maintain the benefits of a bariatric procedure, patients have to change their lifestyle permanently. This happens within a context of coresponsibilities of health care professionals and their social support system. However, most interventions are focused on the patient as an individual. In this explorative pilot study, behavioral, contextual, and experiential data were gathered to obtain insight on coresponsibility.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to explore the use of trackers by patients who have undergone bariatric surgery in a data-enabled design approach.

METHODS

Behavioral and contextual data on the households of patients who have undergone bariatric surgery were explored using a smartphone with an interactive user interface (UI), weight scale, activity bracelet, smart socket, accelerometer motion sensor, and event button to find examples of opportunities for future interventions.

RESULTS

A total of 6 households were monitored. Approximately 483,000 data points were collected, and the participants engaged in 1483 conversations with the system. Examples were found using different combinations of data types, which provided the obesity team a better understanding of patient behaviors and their support system, such as a referral to a family coach instead of a dietician. Another finding regarding the partners was, for example, that the conversational UI system facilitated discussion about the support structure by asking for awareness.

CONCLUSIONS

An intelligent system using a combination of quantitative data gathered by data tracking products in the home environment and qualitative data gathered by app-enhanced short conversations, as well as face-to-face interviews, is useful for an improved understanding of coresponsibilities in the households of patients who have undergone bariatric surgery. The examples found in this explorative study so far encourage research in this field.