bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O SOM DO DISSENSO
Authors: Noberto Lineker
Published: March 2023

Taking political parties as an object of study involves methodological risks to be properly analyzed. Some scholars tend to understand them as a monolithic group, free from internal differences, others tend to consider them as a restricted intellectual group, a type of political elite, apparently disconnected from the social conflicts that permeate and overcome it. Almost always, however, the uncompromising reality imposes itself. And if in many moments, from the interior of these objects, and from the archives available for research, the disharmony noises of dissenting voices sound, in others, what remains is to hear the sound of silence. Both can and should be interpreted by the attentive historian. Inspired by Gramsci's considerations, this article presents a theoretical methodological orientation on how to write about the history of political parties and organizations, using concrete research results on Polop.
INTELECTUAIS, EDUCAÇÃO E ESCOLA
Authors: White Barbara , Abreu Hebert
Published: March 2023

Resenha do livro: SEMERARO, Giovanni. Intelectuais, Educação e Escola: Um estudo do Caderno 12 de Antonio Gramsci. 1 ed. São Paulo: Expressão Popular, 2021.
IDEOLOGIA EMPREENDEDORA E HEGEMONIA BURGUESA NO BRASIL
Authors: Valentim Erika Cordeiro do Rêgo Barros , Peruzzo Juliane Feix , Amaral Angela Santana do
Published: March 2023

This paper discusses the materiality of entrepreneurial ideology in Brazil, highlighting one of the main Private Hegemony Apparatuses (APHs) of the national bourgeoisie: Sebrae. The research uses bibliographic, documentary and statistical data, in order to apprehend the materiality of such bourgeois ideology in the dispute for hegemony Based on Antonio Gramsci's contributions about the relationship between State, ideologies and disputes for hegemony, the centrality of ideology is discussed of entrepreneurship in Brazil in a context of advancing labor and social security counter-reforms.
OS APARELHOS PRIVADOS DE HEGEMONIA NA EDUCAÇÃO PARANAENSE
Authors: Ruppel Jussara  de Fátima Ivanski , Lima Michelle Fernandes
Published: March 2023

This article is an integral part of the research, carried out within the scope of the Graduate Program in Education (PPGE/UNICENTRO/PR) and linked to the Research Group: State, Policies and Management of Education (UNICENTRO/PR), which analyzed the Apparatuses Deprived of Hegemony (APH) in the context of implementation of the BNCC of the early years of education in Paraná municipalities, with emphasis on the Reúna Institute. We start from the understanding of the State through the contributions of Antonio Gramsci. The text is organized in two parts: in the first moment we approach the conception of integral State for Gramsci and its opening for participation and the APHEs in the educational sphere. Then we emphasize the participation of Instituto Reúna as APH of the bourgeoisie, in the educational solutions for this implementation of the BNCC in the municipalities of Paraná. Finally, the results indicate that the APHEs are instruments of the bourgeoisie and are legitimized by the State model, understood as society and political society, which found in education a fertile field of development.
Detection of Virulence Genes in Some of Bacillus sp Isolated from Camel Urine Using PCR Analysis
Authors: Alshamrani Ibtesam , Al-Hejin Ahmed M. , Dawoud Turki M. , Moussa Ihap
Published: March 2023

Bacillus is a genus that contains both environmental and pathogenic species that can cause food poisoning in humans as a result of consuming foods containing toxins or bacteria. In this study, the 16S rRNA gene of the bacteria was sequenced to identify bacteria that were isolated from camel urine. Detected the Bacillus enterotoxins that encoding by three virulence genes; nonhemolytic enterotoxin (NHE) gene, cytotoxin K (CytK) gene and hemolytic enterotoxin (HBL) gene hblD. Bacillus sp isolates were examined for detection Bacillus enterotoxins (NheA,hblD, and CytK ) by PCR. NheA gene was detected in two of 78 examined samples 2.5% while, cytK gene was detected in 1.2 % of the examined samples. On the other hand, hblD gene failed to be detected.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Training , dan Motivasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Studi pada Karyawan PT Bank BRI
Authors: Inggriet Anggraini Indri
Published: March 2023

Latar Belakang : Salah satu  usaha yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan cara memberikan pelatihan bagi karyawan. Pelatihan adalah bagian dari pendidikan yang menyangkut proses belajar untuk memperoleh dan meningkatkan keterampilan di luar sistem pendidikan yang berlaku dalam waktu yang relatif singkat dengan metode yang lebih mengutamakan praktik dari pada teori.

Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan, pengaruh Training terhadap kinerja karyawan ,pengaruh motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan, serta pengaruh kepemimpinan, Training, dan motivasi  secara bersama – sama terhadap kinerja pegawai. Penelitian ini menjadikan penelitian sebelumnya sebagai salah satu sumber literatur serta referensi.

Metode : Metode yang digunakan penelitian ini adalah explanatory research dengan menggunakan kuesioner dalam pengambilan datanya. Penelitian ini menjadikan penelitian sebelumnya sebagai salah satu sumber literatur serta referensi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh Karyawan PT Bank BRI Kantor Pusat Jakarta Div Telemarketing Saving yang berjumlah 40 orang. Sedangkan teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah quota sampling, dimana seluruh populasi dijadikan sample.

Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial Kepemimpinan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan sebesar t hitung (3.312) > t tabel (2.026). Training tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan sebesar t hitung (0.203) < t tabel (2.026)  dan Motivasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan sebesar t hitung (2.570 ) > t tabel (2.026) . Secara simultan menunjukkan adanya pengaruh signifikan antara Kepemimpinan, Training , Motivasi terhadap Kinerja sebesar 26,264 > F tabel sebesar 2,66 dan besarnya pengaruh adalah 66 %.

Kesimpulan: Hasil penilaian Kepemimpinan pada PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Div. Telemarketing Pusat Jakarta  termasuk dalam klasifikasi baik atau tidak, berarti secara keseluruhan penerapan Kepemimpinan, Training dan Motivasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Div. Telemarketing Pusat Jakarta, telah berjalan dengan baik.
Gaya Bahasa Dialog Al-Qur’an “Analisis Stilistika Atas Dialog Al-Qur’an Mengenai Hari Kebangkitan
Authors: Rahim Dani Abdul
Published: March 2023

Latar Belakang : Dialog atau Uslub al-Hiwar  adalah gaya bahasa  yang paling tampak dan menonjol yang digunakan al-Qur’an dalam mengemukakan argumentasi bukti dan hujjah akan kebenaran ajaran-ajaran yang dibawa islam. Baik bukti akan keesaan Tuhan, kebenaran rasul maupun bukti keniscaayaan adanya hari kebangkitan.

Tujuan : Penelitian ini merupakan suatu analisis stilistika bahasa Arab terhadap ragam gaya bahasa dalam kalimat-kalimat diolag al-Qur’an tentang hari kebangkitan.

Metode : Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan tujuan untuk mengungkap bagaimana kedua pihak yang berdialog menggunakan ragam gaya bahasa dalam menyampaikan argumentasi dan dalil-dalil mereka.

Hasil : Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan berbagai ragam gaya bahasa yang digunakan kedua pendialog dalam menyampaikan sikap-sikap mereka. Mulai dari ragam gaya bahasa perulangan, pertentangan, sumpah, tajsid dan yang lainnya.

Kesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa Al-Qur’an kaya akan gaya bahasa dalam penyampaian nilai-nilai ajarannya kepada alam, terkhususnya dalam uslub hiwar atau dialog. Dialog dalam al-Qur’an sering digunakan kepada tema-tema urgent, seperti ketauhidan, kebenaran al-Qur’an dan Rasul, juga tema hari kebangkitan. Hal tersebut membuktikan uslub hiwar memilki peran penting dalam menyampaikan sikap atau pendapat dan membangun argumentasi.
Cardiovascular Disease and Its Implication for Higher Catastrophic Health Expenditures Among Households in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Adeniji Folashayo Ikenna Peter , Obembe Taiwo Akinyode
Published: March 2023

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) impose an enormous and growing economic burden on households in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Like many chronic health conditions, CVD predisposes families to catastrophic health expenditure (CHE), especially in SSA due to the low health insurance coverage. This study assessed the impact of CVD on the risks of incurring higher CHE among households in Ghana and South Africa.

Methods: The World Health Organization (WHO) Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (WHO SAGE), Wave 1, implemented 2007-2010, was utilized. Following standard procedure, CHE was defined as the health expenditure above 5%, 10%, and 25% of total household expenditure. Similarly, a 40% threshold was applied to household total nonfood expenditure, also referred to as the capacity to pay. To compare the difference in mean CHE by household CVD status and the predictors of CHE, Student’s t-test and logistic regression were utilized.

Results: The share of medical expenditure in total household spending was higher among households with CVD in Ghana and South Africa. Households with CVD were more likely to experience greater CHE across all the thresholds in Ghana. Households who reported having CVD were twice as likely to incur CHE at 5% threshold (odds ratio [OR], 1.946; confidence interval [CI], 0.965-1.095), 3 times as likely at 10% threshold (OR, 2.710; CI, 1.401-5.239), and 4 times more likely to experience CHE at both 25% and 40% thresholds, (OR, 3.696; CI, 0.956-14.286) and (OR, 4.107; CI, 1.908-8.841), respectively. In South Africa, households with CVD experienced higher CHE across all the thresholds examined compared with households without CVDs. However, only household CVD status, household health insurance status, and the presence of other disease conditions apart from CVD were associated with incurring CHE. Households who reported having CVD were 3 times more likely to incur CHE compared with households without CVD (OR, 3.002; CI, 1.013-8.902).

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that CVD predisposed households to risk of higher CHE. Equity in health financing presupposes that access to health insurance should be predicated on individual health needs. Thus, targeting and prioritizing the health needs of individuals with regard to healthcare financing interventions in SSA is needed.
Designing and Migration of Library Database
Authors: K Sathiyapriya , S Bhavadharinie , R Atchaya , H Kripaa , V Sowmya
Published: March 2023

Library Management System is the finest tool for automating libraries in India. Data migration from such proprietary applications is difficult. In the majority of the current libraries, the tabular bibliographic data is exported to spreadsheet forms like CSV and XLSX. It is necessary to transform bibliographic information from spreadsheet format to the industry-standard MARC 21 format. MARC tags are applied to bibliographic information in spreadsheets using MARC Edit software. The .xlsx file is converted to .txt (tab delimited) which is then converted to .mrk format. Next, the .mrk file is changed to .mrc file. Processes for data mapping are necessary prior to this move. Later, the .mrc file must be loaded into a MySQL-compatible open source database. To achieve that, the migrated material needs to be properly validated. Therefore, it is crucial to use accurate data mapping when converting data from XLSX format to MARC 21 format. Following the importation into a database, users can obtain data for cataloguing and visualisation for easy understanding. Projects using open-source software are fundamentally about cooperation and transparency, and many eminent Indian institutions have switched to these open source platforms.
A Study into the Security Issues and Countermeasures for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT)
Authors: Baldelovar Myelinda , G Dr. Komarasamy
Published: March 2023

Industrial internet of things are essential factors for an organisation to maintain relevant work strategy. In this study, several types of security issues and countermeasures for IIOT are discussed critically. Various kinds of sensors, applications and devices are used by a company to identify security issues for IIOT. Visibility of work is overseen by a firm to gather several types of information related to work. Every company always tries to enhance troubleshooting and maintenance capabilities. Regulatory compliance is controlled by an organisation to understand issues of IIOT. Operational efficiency improves by these security issues for IIOT process. Quality assurance and artificial intelligence are controlled with help of these security issues. Digital transformation helps a company to mitigate those issues for IIOT. Lack of visibility, security integration and poor testing related issues are faced by a firm. Centralised connectivity helps an organisation to connect all networks in an organised way. This centralised connectivity plays an essential role to control performance. Secondary network system is managed by a company to mitigate security issues for IIOT. Several types of modern IoT devices are used for mitigating security issues. Keyword : Security issues, IIOT, IOT, centralised connectivity.
AI Empowered IoT for Sustainable Energy Technologies
Authors: Kumar Vishal
Published: March 2023

Sustainable energy technologies are advantageous for a company to enhance their performance significantly. Brand value and brand equity of a firm is managed by this AI process in IoT framework. In this study, the role of AI in IoT is discussed briefly. Importance of IoT framework is also mentioned in this study. Machine learning is enhanced by a firm to enhance their performance globally. In this study, qualitative research design is used by a researcher to gain in depth knowledge and information related to this study. Researcher follows a secondary research type to collect existing data from several types of journals. Benefits of these sustainable energy resources are to reduce energy spending, minimise carbon emission and maintain a green energy framework in workplace. Several types of sustainable energy sources are critically mentioned in this study. A company always tries to reduce usage of carbon footprint and inorganic products during working hours. For this reason, sustainability and environmental factors are maintained by a company significantly. Photovoltaic systems are controlled by a company with help of applications of AI technology in IoT process. Modern technology is effectively beneficial for a company to earn more profit from market. Keyword : AI, IoT, sustainable energy, technology
Pengenalan Struktur Tumbuhan dan Membatik dengan Metode Eco-printing di Kampung Cahaya, Menteng Atas, Setiabudi, Jakarta Selatan
Authors: Nabila Dhea Hanun , Rahayu Kun Mardiwati , Syafira Dira , Najuwa Najuwa , Kintoko Wendy Almira
Published: March 2023

Mayoritas warga Kampung Cahaya yang berlokasi di tengah TPU Menteng bekerja sebagai pemulung, termasuk orang tua dan anak-anak. Anak-anak di kampung Cahaya dalam kesehariannya dihabiskan membantu orang tuanya dan bermain sehingga diperlukan kegiatan dan aktivitas penunjang. Untuk itu, diadakan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat untuk mengajarkan mengenai tumbuhan dan kerajinan tangan secara non-formal agar dapat mendukung pengetahuan sains dan kreativitas anak-anak di Kampung Cahaya. Struktur anatomi tumbuhan secara umum terdiri dari akar, batang, dan daun. Bagian daun, bunga, dan batang dapat menjadi bahan pewarna alami untuk membatik dengan metode eco-printing. Eco-printing adalah kegiatan membatik dengan mentransfer warna dan bentuk ke kain menggunakan bahan pewarna dari alam. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan dengan mengajarkan struktur tumbuhan dan membuat batik eco-printing pada media tote bag. Pesertanya adalah anak-anak di Kampung Cahaya. Hasilnya, peserta dapat mencerna materi struktur tumbuhan dengan menyebutkan ulang struktur dan fungsi bagian tumbuhan. Peserta juga dapat membatik eco-printing dengan teknik pounding (pukul). Peserta sangat antusias dan dapat dengan bebas berkreasi di atas totebag yang disediakan.

Kata kunci: Eco-printing, Struktur, Tote bag, Tumbuhan
Pelestarian Lingkungan Hidup melalui Ecoprint pada Siswa Madrasah Aliyah Al Azhar Asy Syarif Indonesia
Authors: Rahayu Kun Mardiwati , Djarot Ira Nurhayati , Syariful Syariful
Published: March 2023

Masalah lingkungan hidup merupakan masalah global yang semakin kompleks dan serius, karenanya perlu segera dicarikan solusi alternatif guna menyelamatkan kehidupan manusia di bumi ini. Salah satu solusi yang tepat untuk menumbuhkan kesadaran masyarakat yaitu melalui pendidikan. Madrasah Aliyah Al Azhar Asy Syarif merupakan salah satu lembaga pendidikan yang menerapkan kurikulum dari dua negara (Indonesia dan Arab Mesir) dan berada diwilayah hijau DKI Jakarta. Kurikulum yang diterapkan akan lebih baik bila terdapat pendidikan berwawasan lingkungan hidup yang terintegrasi dalam kokurikuler sehingga dihasilkan generasi yang memiliki wawasasan lingkungan hidup yang baik dan berkelanjutan. Beberapa masalah yang dijumpai di Madrasah Aliyah Al Azhar Asy Syarif Indonesia antara lain: 1) Belum terintegrasinya kurikulum pendidikan yang digunakan dengan pendidikan lingkungan hidup, 2) Kurangnya pengetahuan siswa dalam memanfaatkan sumber daya alam dilingkungan sekolah (seperti pemanfaatan dedaunan dan bunga) menjadi produk kreatif, 3) belum ada siswa yang dapat mengaplikasikan ecoprinting dalam berbagai produk. Solusi yang ditawarkan adalah mengadakan penyuluhan/edukasi mengenai pelestarian lingkungan hidup dalam kegiatan kokurikuler, penyuluhan pemanfaatan sumber daya alam yang ramah lingkungan dan pelatihan ecoprint untuk menghasilkan produk produk yang kreatif dan inovatif. Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah para siswa Madrasah Aliyah Al Azhar Asy Syarif Indonesia. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan dua metode yaitu penyuluhan mengenai pelestarian lingkungan dan pelatihan ecoprint. Hasil yang didapat adalah seluruh siswa memahami dan mampu menerapkan kegiata pelestarian lingkungan hidup dan mampu menerapkan keterampilan ecoprint dalam beragam produk. 

Kata Kunci: Ecoprint, Pendidikan, Lingkungan
Pendampingan Motivasi “Studi Lanjut” Oleh Mahasiswa Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Minat Siswa Sekolah Binar
Authors: Baedlawi Ryan Dion Fajduani , Suryaningsih Iin
Published: March 2023

Dampak pandemi Covid-19 sangat besar terhadap masa depan manusia, baik dari segi ekonomi, pengetahuan maupun pekerjaan yang mengakibatkan banyak pekerja diberhentikan secara terpaksa. Dampak yang dihasilkan juga termasuk kepada mahasiswa dan siswa terkait dengan pembelajaran yang kurang efektif (Luring) sehingga kurangnya motivasi dalam belajar. Terutama kepada para siswa Sekolah Binar yang saat ini masih belum mengetahui apa yang akan dilakukan kedepannya. Dengan demikian, kita termotivasi untuk membuat kegiatan sharing session. Sharing session adalah kegiatan yang sangat penting untuk dilaksanakan, baik itu berbagi pengalaman, pengetahuan maupun motivasi belajar. Oleh karena itu, dengan adanya kegiatan Sharing Session ini diharapkan dapat membantu para siswa untuk berfikir lebih terhadap karir kedepannya, walaupun dengan adanya keterbatasan ekonomi. Kegiatan ini meliputi pembuatan dan mempresentasikan dream planning siswa, serta memberikan sharing session antara panitia dengan para siswa. Diharapkan melalui kegiatan ini akan tercapai sejumlah tujuan, yaitu menanamkan pemahaman mengenai pentingnya pendidikan perguruan tinggi ke masyarakat pada umumnya, khususnya anak muda. 

Kata kunci: Sharing Session, Motivasi, Sekolah Binar, Karir.
Meningkatkan Pengetahuan dan Kreativitas Anak-anak Panti Yatim Dhu’afa Mizan Amanah dengan Basic Learning
Authors: Ghunyatullaami’ah Ghunyatullaami’ah , Firdausiyah Afranissa , Raafi Ahmad , Ramadhan Alhafizh , Putra Dautama Ryzza , Rinaldy Nadya , Pernando Ridho Octavia , Ihsani Syafira , Aribowo Budi
Published: March 2023

Kreativitas sangat penting untuk dikembangkan karena dapat meningkatkan prestasi akademik. Panti Yatim Dhu’afa Mizan Amanah memiliki kegiatan belajar-mengajar nonformal yang kekurangan tenaga pengajar. Berdasarkan hal itu dibutuhkan kegiatan sosial guna menunjang pengetahuan dan kreativitas anak-anak di Panti Mizan Amanah tersebut. Kegiatan sosial ini juga merupakan salah satu rangka kegiatan yang berpedoman pada tri dharma perguruan tinggi yaitu pengabdian masyarakat. Kegiatan ini berisikan Basic Learning, yang meliputi belajar Bahasa Arab dasar, kreasi origami, mewarnai sesuai cita-cita, dan kegiatan membaca, menulis, dan berhitung. Kegiatan ini kami nilai secara objektif dan langsung, sehingga capaian dari kegiatan ini sesuai dengan yang diharapkan.

Kata kunci: basic learning, kreativitas, pengetahuan, tri dharma perguruan tinggi
Pelatihan Public speaking Sebagai Sarana Peningkatan Kepercayaan Diri dan Kompetensi Komunikasi Pada Remaja Dengan Thalassemia (Thaller) di Kota Depok.
Authors: Karolina Cut Meutia , Arindita Ruvira
Published: March 2023

Talasemia merupakan sebuah penyakit keturunan yang mengalami kelainan darah sejak balita. Penyebab utamanya adalah sel darah merah (hemoglobin) begitu cepat mengalami kehancuran, sehingga usia sel-sel darah menjadi lebih pendek dan tubuh akan mengalami kekurangan darah yang penderita utamanya paling banyak berlokasi di Jawa Barat. Hasil prariset yang ditemukan melalui mitra mengungkapkan bahwa, kebutuhan yang utama bagi para anak dan remaja dengan thalassemia adalah peningkatan kepercayaan diri. Rasa rendah diri dengan kondisi fisik dan kesehatan para anak dan remaja dengan thalassemia menekan mereka untuk beraktivitas dan bersosialisasi dengan lingkungan. Salah satu kepercayaan diri yang dibutuhkan adalah kemampuan public speaking. Kemampuan menyampaikan pendapat serta kemampuan berbicara dengan percaya diri di depan umum merupakan kebutuhan remaja dengan thalassemia di POPTI Kota Depok, Jawa Barat. Berdasarkan pemaparan di latar belakang, maka pelatihan inibertujuan peningkatan Kepercayaan Diri dalam Public Sepeaking untuk para Remaja Dengan Thalassemia (Thaller) di POPTI (Persatuan Orangtua Penderita Thalasemia Indonesia) Kota Depok, Jawa Barat. Metode pelaksanaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode ceramah dan diskusi. Hasil kegiatan ini berjalanan lancar dan memberikan peningkatan kemampuan peserta mengenai kiat-kiat yang dapat diretapkan dalam pelaksanaan public speaking. Untuk kegiatan lanjutan dapat dilakukan dengan menghasilkan penelitian ilmiah terkait topik ini dan mengadakan pelatihan lanjutan mengenai public speaking.

Kata kunci: Komunikasi Persuasi, Public speaking, Remaja, Thaller, Thallasemia
Sosialisasi dan Pendampingan Inovasi Produk Olahan Tempe Menyehatkan di Kampung Tempe Kota Tangerang
Authors: Perdana Analekta Tiara , Priambudi Alina Primasari , Permana Angga Aditya , Damayanti Aprilia , Pertiwi Alma , Fahira Fahira
Published: March 2023

Kampung Tempe merupakan salah satu kampung tematik unggulan di Kota Tangerang. Kampung Tempe memiliki potensi besar untuk dikembangkan karena terdapat beberapa industri rumah tangga (IRT) tempe. Sebagian besar perajin tempe menjual tempe dalam bentuk tempe segar, sehingga tempe yang tidak laku terjual pada hari tersebut akan terbuang karena masa simpan tempe yang relatif singkat. Kondisi ini mendasari kegiatan sosialisasi dan pendampingan inovasi produk olahan tempe menyehatkan. Inovasi produk olahan tempe selain dapat memperpanjang masa simpan tetapi juga sebagai usaha penganekaragaman produk olahan tempe untuk meningkatkan ketahanan pangan keluarga. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan ini yaitu: pertama pertemuan dengan perwakilan perajin tempe, kedua sosialisasi inovasi produk olahan tempe menyehatkan, kemudian ketiga dilanjutkan dengan pendampingan perajin tempe dalam membuat produk olahan tempe menyehatkan. Pada kegiatan ini tercapai peningkatan kesadaran akan potensi yang ada di Kampung Tempe serta wawasan dan motivasi perajin dalam melakukan inovasi produk olahan tempe. Kegiatan juga menghasilkan berbagai kreasi produk olahan tempe seperti: cireng tempe, orek tempe, sayur tempe, tempe mendoan, peyek tempe, kripik tempe, bacem tempe, nuggget tempe, tempe cokelat, cokelat tempe dan lodeh tempe. Produk olahan tempe tersebut memiliki nilai jual, sehingga dapat meningkatkan perekonomian keluarga.    

Kata kunci: Inovasi produk, Kampung tempe, Olahan tempe
THE AFFECTIVE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ORAL ENGLISH COMMUNICATION IN NON-MAJOR EFL CLASSROOMS
Authors: Tran Thi Thuy Lien
Published: March 2023

Affective factors have been shown to play a crucial role in second language acquisition. However, they seem to be overlooked by most English as a foreign language teachers during classroom practices. Teachers’ oral English is an essential input for EFL students because they are rarely able to use and practice English outside classrooms. Compared with majors, non-English major students can have lower levels of motivation, which may lead to their lack of interest during lessons. Hence, the enhancement of English teaching efficiency in non-major EFL classes seems to be harder. This qualitative study investigates how affective factors are perceived to influence oral English communication in EFL classes where English is taught as a non-major subject at two public colleges in Vietnam. Data were collected via individual interviews with lecturers and focus group interviews with students. Findings reveal that symmetrical relationship, strong sense of belonging, and deep concern and understanding are the three affective factors that support EFL learning. Among these factors, concern and understanding about students influence both lecturers’ pedagogical decisions and students’ learning motivation. Therefore, EFL teachers are suggested to nurture a strongly emotional classroom culture to lower students’ English anxiety and enhance their learning.
PERSEKUTUAN YANG MEMBEBASKAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF BIBLIS I KOR 12: 12-31 DAN KEBUDAYAAN MANGGARAI
Authors: Benediktus Feliks Hatam
Published: March 2023

Manusia adalah makhluk sosial. Kesejatian sebagai makhluk sosial mengharuskan manusia untuk menciptakan sosialitas dengan yang lain. Interese dengan yang lain terwujud dalam persekutuan (koinonia). Persekutuan ini bukan anonimitas melainkan identitas bersama yang mudah diidentifikasi oleh banyak pihak. Salah satunya adalah persekutuan yang dibentuk oleh Yesus Kristus yang sampai saat ini dikenal sepanjang masa.  Kristus adalah kepala dari Persekutuan itu dan melalui sakramen pembabtisan mengangkat kita sebagai anggota-Nya (I Kor 12:12-14;27). Persekutuan tersebut adalah persekutuan Kristus. Iman yang bersatu dalam Kristus, menjadikan semua anggota sebagai saudara dengan yang lain (1 Kor 1:1;5:11;16:12). Sebagai saudara, setiap anggota persektuan diarahkan untuk dapat saling membebaskan melalui penghayatan iman.  Persekutuan yang membebaskan adalah hasil dari dorongan dan komitmen setiap pribadi untuk mewujudkan nilai-nilai iman dalam relasi dengan orang lain, baik relasi antar anggota persekutuan maupun dalam relasi antar kelompok. Oleh karena itu, persekutuan yang menciptakan kebebasan bagi setiap individu untuk menikmati keadilan, ketenangan, tesejahteraan, perdamain  tidaklah sekali jadi, tetapi proses yang terus menerus.
Optimalisasi Kerjasama dengan Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat pada Peningkatan Keterampilan Ibu Bayi Baru Lahir 0-6 Bulan dalam Memberikan Pijat Bayi
Authors: Ratnanengsih Ratnanengsih , Gusriani Gusriani , Prapitasari Ruly , Noviyanti Nur Indah
Published: March 2023

Pijat bayi memiliki manfaat penting bagi ibu dan bayi, oleh karena itu, kegiatan pijat bayi dilakukan untuk memberikan keterampilan kepada ibu agar lebih maksimal dalam meningkatkan tumbuh kembang anak secara mandiri. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk mengajarkan dan meningkatkan keterampilan ibu dalam memberikan pijat bayi secara mandiri kepada bayinya. Metode yang dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan praktik pijat bayi dengan tahapan sosialisasi materi pijat bayi, simulasi dan demonstrasi pemijatan dan pendampingan pijat bayi yang dilakukan oleh ibu bayi. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 6 April 2021 di Aula Satrad TNI AU Mamburungan dan dihadiri oleh 20 orang ibu dengan bayi 0-6 bulan, 1 orang kader posyandu, dan 1 orang bidan, 4 dosen dan 2 orang mahasiswa. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan ini mampu memberikan informasi, pengetahuan dan juga meningkatkan keterampilan ibu yang mempunyai balita 0-6 bulan untuk dapat melakukan pijat bayi secara mandiri.
RUSSIA-UKRAINE. WAR? NEW WAR? OLD WAR?
Authors: KOMINEK Łukasz , STAŚKIEWICZ Urszula , MACIĄG Mateusz
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study is a polemological analysis of the conflict between the Russian Federation and Ukraine. The main research problem of the article was defined in the form of a question: can the analyzed conflict be classified as old or new wars? The secondary goal, however, was to indicate the characteristic elements of this analysis. The following research methods were used in the work: definition, which allowed to define the uniqueness of terms, analysis and synthesis, which allowed for appropriate interpretation of the existing data, induction and deduction, which allowed for finding answers to the research question considered in the work. The work also uses the method of comparative analysis in terms of definitions relating to the discussed scope. The analysis of sources, monographs and scientific articles dealing with the research topic was also used.
Frecuencia de comorbilidad en pacientes fallecidos por COVID-19 en el servicio de emergencia del Hospital Regional de Lambayeque 2020
Authors: Ramos-Rodas Caroline Melissa , LLoclla-Gonzales Herry
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: Identificar la frecuencia de las comorbilidades en pacientes fallecidos por COVID-19en el servicio de emergencia del Hospital Regional de Lambayeque, 2020. Material yMétodos: El método de esta investigación fue científico, de tipo observacional, nivel descriptivocorrelacional, diseño no experimental, de corte transversal. La muestra de estudio calculadaprobabilísticamente fue de 305 pacientes. Resultados:El 39.7% de los pacientes presentancomo comorbilidad más frecuente a la hipertensión, 27.9% presentan diabetes, 25.9% obesidad,20.7% ninguna comorbilidad, solo el 9.5% presentan la comorbilidad enfermedad cardiovascular,del mismo modo las comorbilidades cáncer y enfermedad crónica solo se presenta en un 8.9%.Conclusiones: La comorbilidad con mayor frecuencia es la hipertensión de los pacientesfallecidos por COVID-19 en el servicio de emergencia del Hospital Regional de Lambayeque2020
Performance of Plastic Waste and Waste Engine Oil as Partial Replacements of Bituminous Asphalt Concrete in Flexible Pavement
Authors: Ogada Joyce Susan Liavuli , Mwea Sixtus Kinyua , Matheri George
Published: March 2023

Plastic waste is an emerging issue posing serious pollution problems to the environment. Waste Engine Oil has also become an environmental nuisance causing water pollution and soil degradation. New effective waste management options need to be considered, especially on recycling concepts. In addition to the emerging environmental issues, the sources of bitumen for road construction are continuously being depleted hence the need for innovative ways of sustaining road construction through the use of plastic waste and waste engine oil. This research project reviewed available literature on the concept of using waste plastic and waste engine oil as partial replacements of bitumen in road construction together while also carrying out the Marshall Stability test in both neat and bituminous mixes modified with plastic waste and waste engine oil. The optimum bitumen content was determined as 6% from the neat samples. Samples of the modified mix were then prepared with the percentage plastic content varying as 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of the mass of bitumen. The optimum plastic content was determined at 18% with a stability value of 8580N (an increase from 8337.4N for the neat samples). Samples with both plastic waste and waste engine oil replacements were prepared with 18% plastic waste being replaced with 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% waste engine oil. The optimum replacement was determined at 19% giving the highest stability of 8820N (an increase of 2.8% from the plastic-only modified mix and an increase of 5.8% from the neat sample). With the utilisation of polymer-modified bituminous mix in highway construction, the pollution and disposal problems of waste plastic may be partly reduced. The use of innovative technology will not only strengthen road construction but also increase road life as well as will help to improve the environment
Research on Chinese Emotion Classification using BERT-RCNN-ATT
Authors: Li Feng , Huo Yintong , Wang Lingling
Published: March 2023

Emotional classification is the process of analyzing and reasoning subjective texts with emotional color, that is, analyzing whether their emotional tendencies are positive or negative. Aiming at the problems of massive data and nonstandard words in the existing Chinese short text emotion classification algorithm, the traditional BERT model does not distinguish the semantics of words with the same sentence pattern clearly, the multi-level transformer training is slow, time-consuming, and requires high energy consumption, this paper proposes to classify users' emotions based on BERT-RCNN-ATT model, and extract text features in depth using RCNN combined with attention mechanism, Multi task learning is used to improve the accuracy and generalization ability of model classification. The experimental results show that the proposed model can more accurately understand and convey semantic information than the traditional model. The test results show that compared with the traditional CNN, LSTM, GRU models, the accuracy of text emotion recognition is improved by at least 4.558%, the recall rate is increased by more than 5.69%, and the F1 value is increased by more than 5.324%, which is conducive to the sustainable development of emotion intelligence combining Chinese emotion classification with AI technology.
УНІВЕРСИТЕТСЬКА МЕРЕЖА В УКРАЇНІ: НЕОБХІДНІСТЬ МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЇ
Authors: Kremen Vasyl
Published: March 2023

Окреслено проблемні питання сучасної вищої освіти України, зокрема недоліки існуючої мережі закладів вищої освіти, такі як висока завантаженість викладачів, відсутність наукових шкіл та формальність наукової діяльності, недостатня мобільність університету у підготовці фахівців затребуваних ринком праці, надмірне дублювання спеціальностей підготовки на регіональному рівні, подрібненість мережі закладів вищої освіти і як наслідок її витратність та неефективність, що призводить до хронічного дефіциту ресурсів та зниження загальної вітчизняної університетської конкурентоспро-можності. Таким чином, логічною і вкрай необхідною видається модернізаціїя існуючої мережі закладів вищої освіти, зокрема шляхом об’єднання окремих закладів. Подібне укрупнення мережі університетів відповідає міжнародному досвіду та дасть змогу підвищити їх конкуретноспроможність і позиції в авторитетних світових університетських рейтингах, що важливо для повоєнного відновлення України.
Akių rožinė. Diagnostika ir gydymas
Authors: Kručaitė Augustė , Galgauskas Saulius
Published: March 2023

Rožinė – tai lėtinė atsinaujinanti uždegiminė odos liga, pažeidžianti centrinę veido dalį. Viena iš keturių šios ligos formų yra akių rožinė, kuri gali pasireikšti izoliuotai arba kartu su bet kuria iš kitų klinikinių formų. Jos simptomai yra deginimas, svetimkūnio jausmas akyje, niežėjimas, fotofobija, paraudimas, neryškus matymas, teleangiektazijos vokų kraštuose, konjunktyvinė injekcija, padidėjęs ašarojimas, voko krašto sustorė­ jimas su nelygiu kontūru. Akių rožinės diagnozė galutinai patvirtinama, nustačius bent vieną diagnostinį kriterijų (centrofacialinę eritemą) arba du ir (arba) daugiau didžiųjų kriterijų (trumpalaikį centrofacialinį paraudimą, uždegiminę papulę ir pustules, teleangiektazijas). Kuo anksčiau nustatyta diagnozė ir greitai pradėtas gydymas gali sumažinti komplikacijų riziką ir veiksmingai palengvinti simptomus. Gydymas turėtų susidėti iš vietinio bei sisteminio gydymo derinio. Vietinis gydymas yra skirtas mažinti akių sausumą, Meibomo liaukų disfunkciją ir uždegimą; tai apima dirbtines ašaras, kompresus, steroidų bei antibiotikų lašus (dažniausiai skiriami ciklosporinų klasės vaistai). Sisteminė terapija susideda iš geriamųjų antibiotikų, doksiciklinas yra pirmojo pasirinkimo sisteminis tetraciklinas. Šiuo metu daugėja tyrimų, įrodančių teigiamą intervencijų poveikį akių rožinės gydyme, iš jų dažniausiai naudojamos yra IPL lazeris, intraduktalinis Meibomo liaukų zondavimas ir terminė pulsacija.
Pacientų slaugos aspektai prieš ir po laparoskopinės tulžies pūslės šalinimo operacijos. Rekomendacijos bendruomenės ir išplėstinės praktikos slaugytojams pirminės sveikatos priežiūros grandyje
Authors: Ambraziūnienė Rūta , Viliūšytė Ieva , Jurkutė Elena , Norvilaitė Arūnė , Spirgienė Lina , Micevičienė Ramutė
Published: March 2023

Keičiantis žmonių socialiniam gyvenimo būdui ir mitybos įpročiams, daugėja tulžies pūslės ligų atvejų. Tulžies akmenys, tulžies pūslės polipai, cholecistitas yra vienos dažniausių kliniškai pasireiškiančių tulžies pūslės ligų, o labiausiai paplitę – tulžies akmenys ir cholecistitas [1]
YUK TASHISHDA GLONАSS/GPS TIZIMLARINI JORIY ETISH SAMARADORLIGINI BAHOLASH
Authors:   Termiz davlat universiteti, o‘qituvchi, Suyunov Oltibek , Oqnazarov Jahongir ,   Termiz davlat universiteti, talaba
Published: March 2023

Mazkur ilmiy maqolada yuk tashuvchi korxonalarga GLONАSS/GPS tizimini joriy qilish va uning samaradorligini baholash masalalari ko’rib chiqilgan. Yuklarni yetkazib berishda xavfsizlik darajasini oshirish bugungi kunda dolzarb muammolardan biriga aylanib bormoqda. GLONАSS/GPS tizimidan foydalanishning jahon tajribasi va imkoniyatlari o’rganilgan.
KARRALI TRIGONOMETRIK INTEGRALLAR
Authors:   Assistent, Jizzax politexnika instituti, Abriyev N. T. , Nurillayeva S. N. ,   Prezident ta’lim muassasalari agentligiga qarashli Narpay tuman ixtisoslashtirilgan maktab, Norqulov Abduvohid ,   Talaba, Jizzax politexnika instituti
Published: March 2023

Bu maqolada karrali trigonometrik integrallar uchun bir nechta baholarni olamiz. Dastlab, eksponential ko’phad bo’lgan holda karrali trigonometrik integrallar uchun funksiyalar uchun integrallarning aniq baholarini isbotlaymiz.
PROSPECTS OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER PREPARATION FROM URBAN WASTE
Authors:   TDAUSF senior teacher,, Kaldarboyevich Shoniyozov Bobur , son Turdiyev Umarjon Uchqun ,   Student of TDAUSF,, son Ko’chgarov Islam Rustam ,   Student of TDAUSF,, daughter Toshtemirova Sarvinoz Jorabek ,   Student of TDAUSF,, daughter Ismoilova Muxlisa Murtoza ,   Student of TDAUSF.
Published: March 2023

In our country, the reforms aimed at protecting the environment, protecting public health, rational use of natural resources, and ensuring environmental safety continue more consistently, and scientists are doing various things in solving waste problems. The role and importance of worms and microorganisms in general is that their activity is increasing day by day, allowing us to process various wastes polluting our environment (municipal waste, household waste, sewage sludge, etc.) and use them as organic fertilizers in agriculture. This type of organic fertilizer production does not require large investment and operating costs. It is known from the experience of foreign countries that with the help of worms, any solid organic residues can be turned into organic fertilizers rich in useful nutrients for plants, with granular content, soluble in water and not washed away, and ultimately nutritious.
HISTORY OF INTERNET JOURNALISM IN KARAKALPAKSTAN
Authors:   Student of Karakalpak state University, qizi Bazarbaeva Anar G'ayratdin
Published: March 2023

This article says that with the advent of the Internet in Karakalpakstan, the Internet has become closer in the media, as well as the emergence of Internet journalism in Karakalpakstan.Digital journalism, also known as online journalism, is a contemporary form of journalism where editorial content is distributed via the Internet, as opposed to publishing via print or broadcast.
А.ӘБДИЕВТИҢ «ЖИН-ЖЫПЫ РЛАР УЯСЫ» РОМАНЫНДА ШЕБЕРЛИК МӘСЕЛЕСИ
Authors:   .Әбдиевтиң’’Жин-жыпырлар уясы’’романында шеберлик мəселеси НДПИ Əжинияз атындағы НМПИ Қарақалпақ тили кафедрасы ассистент оқытыушысы., Мадиярова Қундыз
Published: March 2023

Мақалада А.Əбдиевтың «Жин жыпырлар уясы» романының композициялық қурылысы, сюжетлик өзгешелиги, конфликтиндеги қаҳарманлар характерин жасаўындағы өзгешеликлер, ўақыяларды ядқа түсириў, елеслетиў, диалог, монолог, галлюцинациялар тийкарында бериў сыяқлы сүўретлеў усылларынан пайдаланыў шеберлиги сөз етиледи.
ЎЗБЕКИСТОННИНГ ЖАНУБИЙ МИНТАҚАЛАРИДА ТАБИИЙ ЭКОЛОГИК МУАММОЛАРНИ ФИЗИК ТАДҚИҚОТ УСУЛЛАРИ ЁРДАМИДВА ЎРГАНИШ
Authors:   Issue: Vol. 3 No. 2 Part 3 (2023): Eurasian Journal of Academic Research Section: Articles Published: Feb 14, 2023 Creative Commons License  This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Main Article Content Эргаш Тўраев ф.-м. ф.д., профессор, Тўраев Эргаш , Исаева Гулхаё ,   ТерДУ магистри
Published: March 2023

Мазкур мақолада Ўзбекистон республикасининг жанубий регионларида юз берадиган табиий экологик муаммо – “Авғон шамоли” муаммосини физик усуллар ёрдамида ўрганиш натижалари ва унинг халқ хўжалигига таъсирини илмий асосланган натижалар билан ёритиб берилган.
O’ZBEK TILIDA SO’ZLARNING O’ZARO OMONIMLIGI. QO’SHIMCHALARDA SHAKLDOSHLIK VA ULARNING TURLARI
Authors:   Ajiniyoz nomidagi Nukus davlat pedogogika instituti, Turkiy tillar fakulteti, O’zbek tili va adabiyoti 1-bosqich talabalari,, Mavlonberdiyeva Nafisa , Zaripova Muxlisa ,   Ajiniyoz nomidagi Nukus davlat pedogogika instituti, Turkiy tillar fakulteti, O’zbek tili va adabiyoti 1-bosqich talabalari
Published: March 2023

Ushbu maqolada so’zlarning o’zaro omonimligi, o’ziga xos xususiyati yoritib berildi. Affiks omonimlar hamda so’zlarning o’zaro omonimligi dolzarbligi, ularning vazifasi hamda o’zbek tilida tutgan o’rni haqida so’z yuritildi
АЙРИМ ХОРИЖИЙ МАМЛАКАТЛАРНИНГ ЖИНОЯТ-ПРОЦЕССУАЛ ҚОНУНЧИЛИГИДА ОҚЛОВ ҲУКМИНИНГ ЮРИДИК ТАБИАТИ
Authors:   Тошкент давлат юридик университети мустақил изланувчиси, Пирназаров Абдурашид
Published: March 2023

Хорижий мамлакатларнинг жиноят-процессуал қонунчилигида ҳукмни эълон қилиш асослари ҳамда уларнинг процессуал тартиблари ёритилган. Шунингдек, оқлов ҳукмини чиқариш учун процессуал қонунчиликда қандай асослар белгиланганлиги таҳлил қилинади. Хусусан, хорижий мамлакатларнинг одил судловини таъминлашда суд томонидан оқлов ҳукмини чиқариш учун жиноят-процессуал қонунчилигида қандай тартиблар белгиланганлиги, суднинг ваколатлари назарий жиҳатдан изоҳлаб берилади.
РЕЗЕРВ ВА ЗАХИРАДАГИ ОФИЦЕРЛАРНИ ТАЙЁРЛАШ ЖАРАЁНИДА ТАЛАБАЛАРДА ОФИЦЕРЛИК КАСБИГА АХЛОҚИЙ-ЭСТЕТИК МУНОСАБАТЛАРНИ ШАКЛЛАНТИРИШ МАСАЛАЛАРИ
Authors:   Ўзбекистон Миллий университети Ҳарбий тайёргарлик ўқув маркази тарбиявий ва мафкуравий ишлар цикли катта ўқитувчиси, истеъфодаги полковник, Аминжонов Қурбон , Уралов Хусан ,   Мирзо Улуғбек номидаги Ўзбекистон миллий университети Ҳарбий тайёргарлик ўқув маркази Муҳандис-сапёр қўшинлари, кимёвий химоя ва топогеодезик таъминоти цикли катта ўқитувчиси, доцент, резервдаги подполковник.
Published: March 2023

Мазкур мақолада офицерлик касбига ахлоқий ва эстетик муносабатларни шакллантириш масалалари ҳақида сўз боради.
LEXICON OF TURKIC ORIGIN IN “JAMSHID AND KHURSHID” MASNAVI’S LANGUAGE
Authors:   Junior researcher, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Nesimi Institute of Linguistics, ISKENDERZADE ARZU
Published: March 2023

From the point of view of studying the centuries-old history of the Turkish language, these language monuments created by Turkish poets and writers in the Middle Ages are important sources. The study of these monuments written in the Turkish language, and the study of their phonetic, lexical, and grammatical features also create conditions for determining the literary norms of the Turkic languages. From this point of view, the analysis of the vocabulary of “Jamshid and Khurshid”, a Turkish language written monument of the 14th-15th centuries, is both important and interesting from the point of view of studying the existence of Turkic words.In this article, the lexicon of Turkic origin has been studied in the language of Ahmadi’s masnavi “Jamshid and Khurshid”, the words of Turkic origin involved in the research have been compared with their usage forms in modern Turkic languages. As a result of the research, it has been found out that there are enough words of Turkic origin among the nouns, verbs, and numeral words used in the language of the monument. However, in the lexicon of “Jamshid and Khurshid” verbs occupy a greater place among the words of Turkic origin. In the lexicon of the 14th-15th century written monument “Jamshid and Khurshid”, carrying the linguistic features of Anatolian Oghuz Turkic, some of the words of Turkic origin have been preserved with minor phonetic changes, and some have been preserved their functionality as they are in modern Turkic languages.
METAPHORICAL COMPARISONS WITH THE COMPONENT ~듯(이) IN KOREAN
Authors:   lecturer, TSUOS, CAI LOUISE
Published: March 2023

Currently, interest in learning foreign languages has increased. As you know, a person who knows a language knows the world. Based on this, today young people striving to master the achievements of modern science and technology pay special attention to the study of foreign languages. Our republic has all the opportunities to implement its goals. Only aspiration and perseverance are required from young people.Today, all over the world, learning foreign languages is an important task in achieving previously defined goalsEach language has its own characteristics due to the cultural heritage of the people. A person uses various lexical units, grammatical and phonetic laws of the language. However, often a communicative situation puts its participants at a dead end, since in communication there is an inability of speakers to interact with each other. Such a situation is possible when communicants cannot use the language, or rather, correctly choose those language means that could provide a speech effect on each other.The minimum unit of speech is a word. A word is a complex of sounds or a single sound that has a certain meaning fixed by the linguistic practice of society and functions as an independent whole.There are many tools that are used to build images, to form new lexical meanings.Lexico-semantic variants of a polysemous word depend on each other in different ways and are variously related to each other. In the educational literature, a different number of traditional types of figurative meanings of words are called.The most typical case of a figurative meaning is a metaphor. The metaphor is based on similarity. In metaphor, the image and the object are combined in one word in such a way that the word has two meanings at once: direct and figurative. A direct meaning is an image, a figurative meaning is an object.Comparison is one of the common means in artistic depictions in Korean sayings. For comparison, images of birds, animals and plants are most often used.But there are much more comparisons in the form of brief poetic formulas. Grammatically, they are formed by the adverbial form in ~듯(이).
ABOUT SOCIAL TERMS MIR, AMIR, AND MIRZA
Authors:   doctor of history, professor, TSUОS, ISХAKOV MIRSDIK
Published: March 2023

These theses are devoted to substantiating the difference in the meanings of the social terms world and amir, which are important for historical source studies, but are often confused by researchers.