bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Influence Analysis of Coatings and Contact Resistance in Turning Cutting Tool using Comsol
Authors: Ribeiro Carlos Adriano , Ferreira João Roberto , Silva Sandro Metrevelle Marcondes Lima e
Published: May 2021

In machining processes, cutting tools reach temperatures higher than 900ºC, thus deteriorating their mechanical properties. To reduce this problem, cutting tools are coated with materials possessing thermal insulation characteristics. Such coatings benefit machining, providing faster cutting speeds and tools life. However, the heating of the tools is still present. Therefore, this work simulates the transient heating phenomenon of a tool and its tool holder, considering the presence of the coating. The effects of convection, radiation, and contact resistance between the tool and the tool holder are also considered. The thermophysical properties of the tool elements depend on temperature. Experimental measurements of parameters related to contact resistance were carried out to make the thermal model closer to real situations. The COMSOL program was used to solve the heat diffusion equation using the Finite Element Method. Comparisons of calculated temperatures are presented for the uncoated (substrate only) and coated inserts with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and titanium nitride (TiN), respectively. Finally, the results and the consequences of the assembly parameters in the fields of temperature and contact resistance are discussed.
Dynamical Modelling and Simulation of Spur Gears with Flank Pitch Error
Authors: Tao Lizhuang , Tian De , Tang Shize , Wu Xiaoxuan , Li Bei
Published: May 2021

Gearbox is commonly regarded as the most important power section of wind turbines which has been widely valued for its high malfunction rate. Gear fault researches mainly include wearing, pitting, spalling, breakage, falling off, etc, while little attention was paid to tooth Flank Pitch Error(FPE). Taking a single-stage parallel shaft spur gear as the research object, an 8-DOF gear transmission model and the FPE model were established in this paper and the gear’s time-varying meshing stiffness (TVMS) models with & without tooth FPE were obtained respectively, which the dynamic models with various tooth FPE values under different rotating speeds were simulated after. The simulation results showed that the TVMS mathematical model proposed in the paper under tooth FPE is practical at both low and high rotating speeds. Under the FPE model, side-bands are formed around each multiple of meshing frequency whose peaks are distributed by a fixed fault characteristic frequency ffp interval. The gearbox vibrates severely as the tooth FPE values and rotational speed grow. The peak value of the vibration signal is about 3 times that in case of fault-free state when the FPE value reaches 0.001rad, thus the impact of FPE on gearboxes cannot be neglected.
Correlation of Synovial Tissues Protein Abundance With Age and Menopause in Osteoarthritis and Knee Joint Injury of Female Patients
Authors: Yang Xiao , Fu Zhe , ren qiuyu , Wang Shuang , Yin Shuai , Liu Jun
Published: May 2021

BackgroundKnee injury and osteoarthritis (OA) are common articular disorders that affect numerous people of different ages, particularly menopausal women. Epidemiological surveys conclude that ladies gain a higher prevalence of OA than men, the menopausal women even get higher morbidity. However, studies about OA animal models suggest that the animals could remain a good joint function regardless of aging and menopause; age and menopause seem to have little effect on joint function. Thus, the study aimed to explore whether age and menopause will influence the clinical recovery of a knee joint in OA and injury women and the relevant mechanism by analyzing the proteome profile of synovial tissue (ST) samples.MethodsThe routine blood test and hormone levels were detected before the surgery. The ST samples of participants were collected during the surgery and 8 ST samples were used for proteome analysis. Just the day before and one month after the surgery, scores of Visual Analogue Score (VAS), Lysholm, The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) were used for assessing the functions of the affected knee. The relationship among proteome data, aging, estrogen level, and affected knee function were analyzed. ResultsAge, menopause and disorders of the knee were related to the clinical outcomes of knee OA and injuries of female patients. Proteome data revealed that the abundance of 174 proteins in old women was statistically different from those of young women. Similarly, compared to the menopausal women, about 120 proteins were significantly changed in the samples taken from premenopausal women. 58 proteins were shown to be insignificant different amounts in ST from knee OA women compared to knee injury ones. The reactions and pathways of these proteins were analyzed and visualized.ConclusionsAge and menopause showed a certain correlation with the protein profile of ST from OA or knee injury female patients, which indicated that the protein components might be affected by age and menopause. Besides, age and menopause also influenced the clinical outcomes of these patients after surgery therapy. Aging and menopause might take part in the regulation of remaining knee joint functions via modeling the ST protein expression.
One-Year Systolic Blood Pressure Trajectory After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Lee Keon-Joo , Kim Beom Joon , Han Moon-Ku , Kim Joon-Tae , Choi Kang Ho , Shin Dong-Ick , Cha Jae-Kwan , Kim Dae-Hyun , Kim Dong-Eog , Ryu Wi-Sun , Park Jong-Moo , Kang Kyusik , Lee Soo Joo , Oh Mi-Sun , Yu Kyung-Ho , Lee Byung-Chul , Hong Keun-Sik , Cho Yong-Jin , Choi Jay Chol , Park Tai Hwan , Park Sang-Soon , Kwon Jee-Hyun , Kim Wook-Joo , Lee Jun , Sohn Sung Il , Hong Jeong-Ho , Lee Ji Sung , Lee Juneyoung , Gorelick Philip B. , Bae Hee-Joon , Lee Kyung Bok
Published: May 2021

Although the effect of blood pressure on post-stroke outcome is well-recognized, the long-term trajectory of blood pressure after acute ischemic stroke and its influence on outcomes have not yet been fully elucidated. From a multicenter prospective registry of acute ischemic stroke patients, 5,514 patients with measurements of systolic blood pressure (SBP) at more than 2 of 7 prespecified time-points, up to 1-year after stroke onset, were analyzed. Outcome measures, a composite of stroke recurrence, myocardial infarction and mortality, and each stroke recurrence and mortality, were prospectively collected up to 1-year after stroke onset. The study subjects were categorized into 4 groups according to their SBP trajectories: Low (27.0%), Moderate (59.5%), Persistently high (1.2%), and Slowly dropping (12.4%). After adjustments for pre-determined covariates, the Slowly dropping SBP Group was at higher risk of the composite outcome (hazard ratio, 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.05‒1.65), and mortality (1.35; 1.03‒1.78) compared to the Moderate SBP Group. Four main 1-year longitudinal SBP trajectories were identified after acute ischemic stroke. One trajectory, slowly dropping SBP, was particularly prone to adverse outcomes after stroke. These findings provide possible leads for future investigations of SBP control targets after stroke.
A Scaffold-Level Genome Assembly of the Pirate Bug, Orius Laevigatus, and a Comparative Analysis of Insecticide Resistance-Related Gene Families with Hemipteran Crop Pests
Authors: Bailey Emma , Field Linda , Rawlings Christopher , King Rob , Mohareb Fady , Pak Keywan-Hassani , Hughes David , Williamson Martin , Zimmer Christoph , Ganko Eric , Buer Benjamin , Nauen Ralf
Published: May 2021

Background: The pirate bug, Orius laevigatus, is a highly effective beneficial predator of crop pests including aphids, spider mites and thrips in integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. No genomic information is currently available for O. laevigatus, as is the case for the majority of beneficial predators which feed on crop pests. In contrast, genomic information for crop pests is far more readily available. The lack of publicly available genomes for beneficial predators to date has limited our ability to perform comparative analyses of genes encoding potential insecticide resistance mechanisms between crop pests and their predators. These mechanisms include several gene/protein families including cytochrome P450s (P450s), ATP binding cassette transporters (ABCs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGTs) and carboxyl/cholinesterases (CCEs).Methods and findings: In this study, a high-quality scaffold level de novo genome assembly for O. laevigatus has been generated using a hybrid approach with PacBio long-read and Illumina short-read data. The final assembly achieved a scaffold N50 of 125,649bp and a total genome size of 150.98Mb. The genome assembly achieved a level of completeness of 93.6% using a set of 1,658 core insect genes present as full-length genes. The assembly was annotated with 15,102 protein-coding genes - 87% of which were assigned a putative function - and the resultant gene set achieved a completeness of 84.5%. Comparative analyses revealed gene expansions of sigma class GSTs and CYP3 P450s. Conversely the UGT gene family showed limited expansion. Differences were seen in the distributions of resistance-associated gene families at the subfamily level between O. laevigatus and some of its targeted crop pests. A target site mutation in ryanodine receptors (I4790M, PxRyR) which has strong links to diamide resistance in crop pests and had previously only been identified in lepidopteran species was found to also be present in hemipteran species, including O. laevigatus. Conclusion and significance: This assembly is the first published genome for the Anthocoridae family and will serve as a useful resource for further research into target-site selectivity issues and potential resistance mechanisms in beneficial predators. Furthermore, the expansion of gene families often linked to insecticide resistance may be an indicator of the capacity of this predator to detoxify selective insecticides. These findings could be exploited by targeted pesticide screens and functional studies to increase effectiveness of IPM strategies, which aim to increase crop yields by effectively controlling pests in a sustainable and environmentally-friendly manner, without impacting beneficial predator populations.
Contribution of a Multicomponent Intervention on Functional Capacity and Independence on Activities of Daily Living in Individuals With Neurocognitive Disorder
Authors: Borges-Machado Flávia , Barros Duarte , Teixeira Laetitia , Ribeiro Óscar , Carvalho Joana
Published: May 2021

Background: To examine the effects of a 6-month multicomponent (MT) exercise intervention in the functional capacity and ability to independently perform activities of daily living (ADL) of individuals diagnosed with neurocognitive disorder (NCD). Methods: A quasi-experimental controlled trial with a parallel design. This study was conducted in multicentered community-based settings. Forty-three individuals (N Female: 30) were allocated to an exercise group (EG; N: 23; mean 75.09, SD=5.54 years) or a control group (CG; N:20; mean 81.90, SD=1.33 years). The EG engaged in a 6-month MT program (60-min sessions, twice a week). Exercise sessions were divided into a warm-up, specific training (e.g., coordination and balance, lower and upper body strength, and aerobics), and cool down. Lower body function, mobility, and gait speed were evaluated through Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Timed-Up and Go test (TUG) and 6-Meter Walk test, respectively. The Barthel Index (BI) was administered to assess individuals’ ADL independence. Evaluations were performed before and after the 6-month intervention. Results: Linear Mixed Models revealed a statistically significant interaction (time X group) effect factor on SPPB (B = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.39 – 3.28, p < 0.001), TUG (B = -11.15, 95% CI: -17.23 – -5.06, p = 0.001), and 6-Meter Walk test (B = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08 – 0.25, p < 0.001). No differences between groups or assessment moments were found in the ability of individuals to independently perform ADL.Conclusions: The 6-month MT exercise intervention improves the functional capacity of older adults living with NCD.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov – identifier number NCT04095962; retrospectively registered on 19 September 2019.
The Impact of Travelling on the COVID–19 Infection Cases in Germany
Authors: Schäfer Moritz , Wijaya Karunia Putra , Rockenfeller Robert , Götz Thomas
Published: May 2021

COVID–19 continues to disrupt social lives and the economy of many countries and challenges their healthcare capacities. In Germany, the number of cases increased exponentially in early March 2020. As a political reaction, social restrictions were imposed by closing e.g. schools, shops, cafés and restaurants, as well as borders for travellers. This reaped success as the infection rate descended significantly in early April. In mid July, however, the numbers started to rise again. Of particular reasons was that from 15 June onwards, the travel ban has widely been cancelled or at least loosened. Here, we present an extended susceptible–exposed–infected–recovered–deceased (SEIRD) model to describe the disease dynamics in Germany, taking into account German travellers which returned infected from abroad. Epidemiological parameters like transmission rate, lethality or detection rate of infected individuals, as well as a rate measuring the impact of these travellers, were estimated by fitting the model output to available data. Parameter estimation was performed via Bayesian inference with the aid of the Monte–Carlo–based Metropolis algorithm. We found that travellers had a strong impact on the overall infection cases. Until the end of August, roughly 50,000 cases directly or indirectly related to travellers were estimated. These obviously caused even higher infection cases later on, which among other causes lead to a second wave of infection cases in late 2020. We conclude that travel restrictions are an important tool for controlling infection cases during pandemics which can still have an impact on the upcoming summer in case the currently high vaccination rates can not prevent further infection waves.
The SD-OCT Characteristics After 577nm Laser Membranotomy of Sub-inner Limiting Membrane Hemorrhage
Authors: Zhang Yongpeng , Li Jipeng , Cao Xusheng , Zhou Haiying , Jia Liyun , Ma Kai , Peng Xiaoyan
Published: May 2021

Background We investigate the SD-OCT features of sub-inner limiting membrane (sub-ILM) hemorrhage after 577nm laser membranotomy. Methods The ocular fundus photography and SD-OCT of patients who received 577nm laser membranotomy for sub-ILM hemorrhage were assessed from January 2017 to March 2021 in this retrospective cases series study. Results Total of 7 patients (7 eyes) were enrolled in this study, in which 3 were female and 4 were male. The SD-OCT of ILM after laser treatment showed two distinctive features: the ILM falling back to retina (4 cases) or persistent unsealed ILM which forming premacular cavity (3 cases). The SD-OCT of macular fovea after laser treatment showed three features: normal contour (3 cases), macular hole (1 cases) and epiretinal membrane (1 case). The outer retina showed “peg-like” or “patchy-like” structure on the site of ILM attached to retina.Conclusions 577nm laser is effective in treating of sub-ILM hemorrhage and SD-OCT is effective for diagnosis and following-up of sub-ILM hemorrhage.
Manufacturing Cellulose Nanofibers Using the Water Jet Method and Their Applications
Authors: Ogura Kota
Published: May 2021

Sugino Machine Ltd. manufactures and sells equipment for cutting, washing, atomization, and fibrillation of objects using water jet technology. By applying this technology, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) have been successfully and efficiently produced. The feature of CNFs manufactured by water jet is that the crystallinity and polymerization degree do not decrease. A drying method has also been developed because CNFs are obtained in the aqueous dispersion state. Herein, we present their use as particle dispersant and reinforcing filler for natural rubber (NR) as case studies of CNF aqueous dispersion applications. When CNFs was used as a particle dispersant, good dispersion of water-repellent TiO2, diamond powder and inorganic pigment was achieved. When CNFs was used as a filler for NR, a specific reinforcing effect was realized. As an example of CNF application as dry powders, their use with a resin additive is investigated. When CNF dry powders was used as a filler for resin, a specific reinforcing effect was realized.
Shouting Strengthens Maximal Voluntary Force with Pupillary Dilation
Authors: Takarada Yudai , Nozaki Daichi
Published: May 2021

Previous research has demonstrated that human maximal voluntary force is generally limited by neural inhibition. Indeed, producing a shout during maximal exertion efforts enhances the force levels of maximum voluntary contractions. However, the mechanisms underlying this enhancing effect of force production remain unknown. We investigated the influence of a shout on the pupil-linked neuromodulatory system state by examining pupil size. We also examined its effect on the motor system state by examining motor evoked potentials in response to transcranial magnetic stimulation applied over the contralateral primary motor cortex, and by evaluating the handgrip maximal voluntary force. Analysis showed that a shout significantly increased the handgrip maximal voluntary force, followed by an increase in pupil size and a reduction of the cortical silent period. Our results indicate that a shout can increase handgrip maximal voluntary force through the enhancement of motor cortical excitability, possibly via the enhancement of noradrenergic system activity. This study provides evidence that the muscular force-enhancing effect of a shout during maximal force exertion is related to both the motor system state and the pupil-linked neuromodulatory system state.
ULK1 Promotes Mitophagy via Phosphorylation and Stabilization of BNIP3.
Authors: Poole Logan P. , Bock-Hughes Althea , Berardi Damian E. , Macleod Kay F.
Published: May 2021

UNC51-like kinase-1 (ULK1) is the catalytic component of the autophagy pre-initiation complex that stimulates autophagy via phosphorylation of ATG14, BECLN1 and other autophagy proteins. ULK1 has also been shown to specifically promote mitophagy but the mechanistic basis of how has remained unclear. Here we show that ULK1 phosphorylates the BNIP3 mitochondrial cargo receptor on a critical serine residue (S17) adjacent to its amino terminal LIR motif. ULK1 similarly phosphorylates BNIP3L on S35. Phosphorylation of BNIP3 on S17 by ULK1 promotes interaction with LC3 and mitophagy. ULK1 interaction also promotes BNIP3 protein stability by limiting its turnover at the proteasome. The ability of ULK1 to regulate BNIP3 protein stability depends on an intact “BH3” domain and deletion of its “BH3” domain reduces BNIP3 turnover and increases BNIP3 protein levels independent of ULK1. In summary ULK1 promotes mitophagy by both stabilization of BNIP3 protein and via phosphorylation of S17 to stimulate interaction with LC3.
No Difference In The Incidence Or Location of Deep Venous Thrombosis According To Use of Pharmacological Prophylaxis Following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Itou Junya , Kuwashima Umito , Itoh Masafumi , Okazaki Ken
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The incidence and characteristics of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) without pharmacologic prophylaxis have not been fully investigated. This study aimed to determine whether there are any differences in the incidence, location, and characteristics of DVT following TKA with pharmacologic prophylaxis and without pharmacologic prophylaxis.Methods: In total, 216 consecutive knees that underwent primary TKA were retrospectively evaluated. Enoxaparin was used postoperatively for pharmacologic prophylaxis. We excluded 60 knees because of use of antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants before surgery, history of venous thromboembolism, or bleeding risk. The remaining 156 knees were included in the analysis and divided into two groups: with pharmacologic prophylaxis (n = 79) and without pharmacologic prophylaxis (n = 77).Results: The overall incidence of DVT was 34% (54/156 knees). DVT was detected in 31.6% of knees in the group with pharmacologic prophylaxis and in 37.6% of knees in the group without pharmacologic prophylaxis; the difference was not statistically significant. Soleal vein thrombus was observed in 74.6% of the knees with DVT and non-floating thrombus was observed in 98.7%.Conclusion: No differences were found in the incidence, location, or characteristics of DVT following TKA with or without pharmacological prophylaxis.
Combining Enzymatic Antioxidant Overexpression and Short-term Low Oxygen Conditioning Hormesis to Improve Performance of Gamma-irradiated Anastrepha Suspensa Males
Authors: Dias Vanessa S. , Cáceres Carlos , Parker Andrew G. , Pereira Rui , Demirbas-Uzel Güler , Abd-Alla Adly M. M. , Teets Nicholas M. , Schetelig Marc F. , Handler Alfred M. , Hahn Daniel A.
Published: May 2021

The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is a successful autocidal control method that uses ionizing radiation to sterilize insects. Unfortunately, irradiation in normal atmospheric conditions can be damaging for males, because it generates substantial oxidative stress that, combined with mass-rearing conditions, may reduce their sexual competitiveness and quality. In this study, oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity were experimentally manipulated in Anastrepha suspensa using a combination of low-oxygen conditions and transgenic overexpression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) to evaluate the role of oxidative stress and cellular antioxidants in the sexual behavior and quality of irradiated males. Our results showed that SOD2 overexpression enhances irradiated insect quality and improves male competitiveness in leks. However, the improvements in mating performance were modest, as normoxia-irradiated SOD2 males exhibited a 22% improvement in mating success compared to normoxia-irradiated wild type males. Additionally, SOD2 overexpression did not synergistically improve the mating success of males irradiated in either hypoxia or severe hypoxia. Short-term hypoxic and severe-hypoxic conditioning hormesis, per se, increased antioxidant capacity and enhanced sexual competitiveness of irradiated males relative to non-irradiated males in leks. Our study provides valuable new information that antioxidant enzymes, particularly SOD2, have potential to improve the quality and lekking performance of sterile males used in SIT programs.
Interfering with Host Proteases in SARS-CoV-2 Entry as a Promising
Therapeutic Strategy
Authors: Müller Patrick , Maus Hannah , Hammerschmidt Stefan Josef , Knaff Philip Maximilian , Mailänder Volker , Schirmeister Tanja , Kersten Christian
Published: May 2021

Due to its fast international spread and substantial mortality, the coronavirus
disease COVID-19 evolved to a global threat. Since there is currently no causative drug
against this viral infection available, science is striving for new drugs and other approaches
to treat the new disease. Studies have shown that the cell entry of coronaviruses
into host cells takes place through the binding of the viral spike (S) protein to cell receptors.
Priming of the S protein occurs via hydrolysis by different host proteases. The
inhibition of these proteases could impair the processing of the S protein, thereby affecting
the interaction with the host-cell receptors and preventing virus cell entry. Hence,
inhibition of these proteases could be a promising strategy for treatment against SARSCoV-
2. In this review, we discuss the current state of the art of developing inhibitors
against the entry proteases furin, the transmembrane serine protease type-II
(TMPRSS2), trypsin, and cathepsin L.
Cosmeceutical Aptitudes of Azelaic Acid
Authors: Singh Supriya Kumari , Chaubey Saumya , Bansal Anil , Kaur Gurpreet , Malik Deepinder Singh
Published: May 2021

Azelaic acid (AZA) is a white crystalline dicarboxylic acid naturally found in grains, rye, and barley. AZA has substantial biological and therapeutic abilities (viz a viz) its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-keratinizing, anti-microbial properties, etc., which contribute to its applicability in the management of mild to harsh dermatological complications (acne, rosacea, dermatitis, hyper-pigmentation, carcinomas, etc.). AZA has shown its effectiveness against varied non-inflammatory and inflammatory lesions by normalizing hyper-keratinization state and attenuating the increased levels of microbial content. Topically AZA, either alone or in conjunction with other active moieties, has proved to effectively prevent acne and several other hyper-pigmentary conditions. Chronic applicability of AZA has been evidenced with the effects like itching, burning, stinging, redness, etc. To deal with the former issues, research is being conducted to substitute the conventional formulations with novel preparations (liposome’s, niosomes, micro sponges, lipid nanocarriers, etc.), which could enhance the overall pharmaceutical and pharmacological profile of the drug. This article is an attempt to highlight the basic physiochemical properties of AZA, its physiological role (especially in dermatology), various commercial preparations and recent novel approaches that are in research with an aim to augment the therapeutic and safety profile of AZA.
Kajian Penerapan Hukum Pidana Guna Penyelesaian Konflik Kelompok Buruh di Padang Bai Bali
Authors: Brahmantya Ida Bagus Bayu
Published: May 2021

Buruh di pelabuhan Padang Bai adalah buruh yang kesehariannya berkerja di pelabuhan Padang Bai Bali yang melayani bongkar muat barang menuju NTB dan NTT. Kerap terjadi perselisihan buruh secara vertikal dan horisontal, secara vertikal umumnya berkaitan dengan perjanjian kerja sedangkan secara horisontal, yaitu pertikaian antar kelompok buruh. Hal tersebut dapat menjadi suatu permasalahan serius dan memiliki dampak meluas. Dampak tersebut pada akhirnya membentuk suatu konflik. Meninjau keterkaitannya, konflik perburuhan tidak hanya sebatas hukum perdata, namun hukum perburuhan juga mampu ditinjau secara pidana. Hal tersebut terlihat dengan dikeluarkannya kebijakan Undang-Undang No.13 tahun 2003 Tentang ketengakerjaan, dan Undang-Undang No. 02 tahun 2004 tentang penyelesaian perselisihan dengan buruh dan industri dapat dijerat sanksi hukum pidana. Perlu diketahui perkembangan Pelabuhan Padang Bai di bali dengan keberadaan salah satu perusahaan BUMN akan memiliki keterkaitan penuh dengan ketersediaan jasa tenaga kerja buruh lepas tersebut. Sehingga saat terjadi konflik vertikal, maka  hukum pidana mengatur pertanggung jawaban perburuhan secara korporasi dan memastikan perburuhan yang memiliki jaminan perlindungan atas hukum. Salah satu korelasi lain yang menjadi fokus dalam penelitian ini adalah meninjau suatu tindakan di lapangan dapat berpotensi menimbulkan bentrokan antar kelompok buruh dan mengarah pada tindakan pidana atau perselisihan secara horisontal. Relevansi penelitian ini adalah mengkaji penerapan hukum pidana untuk mengatasi konflik secara vertikal dan horisontal di pelabuhan dari sisi ketenagakerjaan.
Slenderness coefficient models for tree species in Omo biosphere reserve, South-western Nigeria
Authors:   Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria, Oladoye A. O. , Ige P. O. ,   University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Onilude Q. A. ,   Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria, Animashaun Z. T. ,   Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria
Published: May 2021

This study was carried out to aid the prediction of tree slenderness coefficient using non-linear regression models for tree species in Omo Biosphere Reserve, Southwestern Nigeria. Systematic line transect design was adopted for the study. Three transects were laid with four plots on each transect at alternate positions which made a total of 12 sample plots (50 m × 50 m) in the study area. Diameter at breast height (DBH), diameter at the top, diameter at the middle and diameter at the base as well as total height and merchantable height of all trees were measured. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis were adopted for the study. The study showed that about 23.5% of the trees in the study area are susceptible to wind-throw damage. Correlation analysis revealed that DBH is a better predictor of Slenderness coefficient than other tree growth characteristics. Six non-linear models were adopted for the tree slenderness coefficient prediction. The best models were selected based on the highest Adj.R2, lowest AIC and SEE values. Normal logarithmic equation SLC = 30.72 + (-41.21) In(D) was selected as the candidate model for the pooled data. The same candidate model (Natural logarithm) was selected for both the Desplatsia lutea and Strombosia pustulata species with the equation SLC = -0.04 + (-63.82) In(D) and SLC = 22.12 + (-51.40) In(D) respectively while exponential model with equation SLC = 170.94e(-1.93) was selected for Sterculia rhinopetala. These equations were recommended for predicting slenderness coefficient for each of the tree species in Omo Biosphere with apparently valid potentials for enhancing reasonable quantification of the stands’ stability.
Nonlinear yield models for young Tectona grandis L. f. stands in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Forestry and Wildlife, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria, Chukwu Onyekachi , Emebo Anabel A. ,   Department of Forestry and Wildlife, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Published: May 2021

Yield models are very important to forest management, especially for site quality assessment, subsequent inventories, timber valuation and assessment of stand growth. This study developed yield models for the young Tectona grandis stands in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Southeastern Nigeria. These models were necessary to the guide forest managers in timber valuation as well as monitoring growth of the stand. Data for this study was collected through complete enumeration method, tree height and stem diameters of the 295 Teak stands were measured. Non-destructive method (Newton’s formula) was used in computing individual tree volumes. The tree growth variables data were subjected to descriptive statistics and used for fitting five nonlinear regression functions. The mean stem height, diameter at breast height and volume were 10.6 m, 8.9 cm, 0.032 m3, respectively. Out of the five yield equations fitted; the generalized combined variable model had the best predictive ability; with the lowest root mean square error (0.0084 m3) and Akaike information criterion (-2809). Therefore, the generalized combined variable model was recommended for yield estimation of Tectona grandis.
Seasonal studies on the carbohydrate content of some marine macroalgae in Gulf of Mannar coastal region, India
Authors:   Department of Botany, Periyar Govt. Arts College, Cuddalore-607001 (Annamalai University), Tamil Nadu, India, Murugaiyan K.
Published: May 2021

Carbohydrates were analysed in 40 species of marine macroalgae belonging to three classes collected at seasonal intervals between April 2018 to March 2019 from the intertidal habitats in Gulf of manner coastal regions.Among the 40 dominant seaweeds 11 species belonged to Chlorophyceae, 13 species to Phaeophyceae and the remaining 16 species to Rhodophyceae. The carbohydrate content of seaweeds varied from 4.50±0.12 to 72.25±3.15 % of DW during the summer season. The percentage of carbohydrate content was maximum in Gracilaria verrucosa (72.25±3.15 % of DW) during the summer season and minimum in Turbinaria ornata (4.50±0.12 DW) during the summer season. The carbohydrate content of seaweeds varied from 5.50±0.17 to 48.38±3.04 % of DW during the pre-monsoon season. The maximum values were observed in Gracilaria corticata var. corticata the minimum content was observed in Padina pavonica. The carbohydrate content of seaweeds varied from 4.83±0.12 to 58.18±4.56 % of DW during the monsoon season. The maximum value was observed in Gracilaria corticata var corticata and the minimum was in Padina pavonica. The carbohydrate content of seaweeds varied from 7.36±0.16 to 67.25±2.41 % of DW during the post-monsoon season. The maximum value was observed in Acanthophora spicifera and the minimum content was observed in Sargassum ilicifolium.
Dose-Dependent Associations of Dietary Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Fiber With 3-Year Weight Loss Maintenance and Glycemic Status in a High-Risk Population: A Secondary Analysis of the Diabetes Prevention Study PREVIEW
Authors: Zhu Ruixin , Larsen Thomas M. , Fogelholm Mikael , Poppitt Sally D. , Vestentoft Pia S. , Silvestre Marta P. , Jalo Elli , Navas-Carretero Santiago , Huttunen-Lenz Maija , Taylor Moira A. , Stratton Gareth , Swindell Nils , Drummen Mathijs , Adam Tanja C. , Ritz Christian , Sundvall Jouko , Valsta Liisa M. , Muirhead Roslyn , Brodie Shannon , Handjieva‐Darlenska Teodora , Handjiev Svetoslav , Martinez J. Alfredo , Macdonald Ian A. , Westerterp-Plantenga Margriet S. , Brand-Miller Jennie , Raben Anne
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE

To examine longitudinal
and dose-dependent associations of dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load
(GL), and fiber with body weight and glycemic status during 3-year weight-loss
maintenance (WLM) in high-risk adults.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This secondary analysis used pooled data
from the PREVIEW randomized controlled trial, which was designed to test the
effects of four diet and physical activity interventions. 1,279 participants
with overweight or obesity (aged 25–70 years; BMI≥25 kg·m-2) and
pre-diabetes at baseline were included. Multi-adjusted
linear mixed models with repeated measurements were
used to assess longitudinal and dose-dependent associations, by merging the
participants into one group and dividing them into GI, GL, and fiber tertiles,
respectively.

RESULTS

In the available-case and complete-case
analyses, each 10-unit increment in GI was associated with a greater
regain of weight (0.46 kg·year-1; 95% CI 0.23, 0.68; P<0.001)
and increase in HbA1c. Each 20-unit increment in GL was associated
with a greater regain of weight (0.49 kg·year-1; 0.24, 0.75; P<0.001)
and increase in HbA1c. The associations of GI and GL with HbA1c
were independent of weight change. Compared with those in the lowest tertiles,
participants in the highest GI and GL tertiles had significantly higher weight
regain and increases in HbA1c. Fiber was inversely associated with
increases in waist circumference, but the associations with weight regain and
glycemic status did not remain robust in different analyses.

CONCLUSIONS

Dietary
GI and GL were positively associated with weight regain and deteriorating
glycemic status. Stronger evidence on the role of fiber is needed.
Depletion of Prmt1 in Adipocytes Impairs Glucose Homeostasis in Diet-Induced Obesity
Authors: Choi Seri , Choi Dahee , Lee Yun-Kyung , Ahn Seung Hyun , Seong Je Kyung , Chi Sung Wook , Oh Tae Jung , Choi Sung Hee , Koo Seung-Hoi
Published: May 2021

Protein arginine methyltransferase
(PRMT) 1 is involved in the regulation of various metabolic pathways such as glucose
metabolism in liver and atrophy in the skeletal muscle. However, the role of PRMT1
in the fat tissues under the disease state has not been elucidated to date.

Here, we delineate the function of
this protein in adipocytes in vivo. PRMT1
expression was abundant in the white adipose tissues (WAT), which was induced
upon high fat diet in mice as well as by obesity in humans. We found that adipocyte-specific
depletion of Prmt1 resulted in the
decreased fat mass without overall changes in body weight in mice. Mechanistically,
the depletion of Prmt1 in WAT led to
the activation of AMPK pathway, which was causal to the increased lipophagy, mitochondrial
lipid catabolism and the resultant reduction in lipid droplet size in WAT in vivo. Interestingly, in spite of the
increased energy expenditure, we observed a promotion of adipose tissue
inflammation and an ectopic accumulation of triglycerides in the peripheral
tissues in Prmt1 adipocyte-specific
knockout mice, which promoted the impaired insulin tolerance that is
reminiscent of mouse models of lipodystrophy. These data collectively suggest
that PRMT1 prevents WAT from excessive degradation of triglycerides by limiting
AMPK-mediated lipid catabolism to control whole body metabolic homeostasis in diet-induced
obesity conditions.
Reinvigorating Exploration Nature: An of Ecopoetics in Pearl S. Buck’s The Good Earth
Authors: Thomas Greenu Ans
Published: May 2021

The Good Earth (1931) by the American author, Pearl S. Buck (1892-1973) is recognised for its predominant theme of the nourishing power of the land. Buck’s novel situates this universal theme within the context of traditional Chinese culture. Wang Lung, a farmer, has an intimate relationship with the earth because he produces his harvest through his own labour. Buck suggests that Wang Lung’s reverence for nature is responsible for his inner goodness, as well as for his increasing material success, and that the decadent, wasteful ways of the wealthy are due to their estrangement from the land. Buck also suggests throughout the book that while human success is transitory, the earth endures forever. These ideas about the earth give the novel its title.

The novel is recognised for its glorification of land and soil as the foundation of life. Throughout the novel, a connection to the land is associated with moral piety, good sense, respect for nature, and a strong work ethic, while alienation from the land is associated with decadence and corruption. This paper is an attempt to offer viable alternatives to reconstitute ecocritical ideas in The Good Earth and to evaluate them in terms of their coherence and usefulness as responses to the worsening environmental crisis.
Racial Conflict in the Selected Plays of William Shakespeare
Authors: Mastud Shahaji
Published: May 2021

William Shakespeare embraces the racial concerns of the seventeenth century in his various plays. The racial clash was one of the significant inquiries of the seventeenth century. There were numerous prohibitions against the relationship of black and white. The etymological colonialism was at the core of the Shakespearean dramatization that rendered on racism. The language utilized as a pioneering instrument for racial discrimination. Moreover, Shakespeare's play was effectively associated with darker-looking individuals during Elizabethan times. Therefore, the darker-looking Othello and the Jewish Shylock have assumed a significant role in the play. They dominated their respective play, that’s why Shakespeare's works depict the dramatization of racial conflict. There are numerous cases of racial segregation in the current situation, so the issue of race is expected to be re-evaluated with a fresh point of view.This knowledge will help to solve the problem of racial conflict with ground breaking thoughts.
Kernel stable and uniquely generated modules
Authors: Șahinkaya Serap , Quynh Truong Cong
Published: May 2021

A module theoretic notion of annihilator-stable rings is defined and some characterizations of it are studied.
Practical stability of nonlinear time-varying impulsive cascade systems
Authors: Toumai Fatima , Ouahab A. , Oumansour A.
Published: May 2021

Practical stability of impulsive time-varying cascade systems is investigated. In this way, we extend some existing results under more generalized assumptions. Examples are given to show the feasibility of our results.
La NIA-ES 540 Revisada “Auditoría de las estimaciones contables y otra información a revelar” y su oportunidad ante la actual situación mundial
Authors: Alonso Pérez María Jesús
Published: May 2021

El Instituto de Contabilidad y Auditoría de Cuentas (ICAC), órgano supervisor de la actividad de auditoría en España, ha publicado, mediante la Resolución de 27 de octubre de 2020, la Norma Técnica de Auditoría, resultado de la adaptación de las Normas Internacionales de Auditoría para su aplicación en España, “Auditoría de estimaciones contables y de la correspondiente información a revelar” (NIA-ES 540 Revisada).

Las Normas Internacionales de Auditoría (NIA) se incorporaron, previa adaptación, a la normativa nacional mediante la Resolución del ICAC de 15 de octubre de 2013, identificándose como NIA-ES, y entraron en vigor para las auditorías de cuentas de los ejercicios económicos que se iniciasen a partir de 1 de enero de 2014. Se aplican desde entonces en todos los trabajos de auditoría de cuentas, cualquiera que sea el tipo de entidad auditada, tanto a entidades de interés público como a pequeñas y medianas empresas.  

La revisión de la NIA 540 fue motivada, por un lado, por las deficiencias que se manifestaron en su aplicación en el comportamiento de las estimaciones contables durante la anterior crisis económica mundial que comenzó en 2008 y, por otro lado, por la creciente importancia que en los marcos de información financiera han adquirido las estimaciones contables y la información prospectiva.

Luego del análisis comparativo en detalle acerca de las modificaciones introducidas en la norma, se expone una conclusión.
Affordable Housing for Young Adults in Latvia
Authors: Sekace Eliza , Viesturs Janis
Published: May 2021

The topic is related to the need for housing as a social need for every member of society and its inaccessibility, mainly due to lack of finance. Housing affordability is a concept that indicates whether households are able to purchase or rent a home, maintain it and cover other non-housing expenses. Housing is one of the most important basic human values, but in the housing market, young households, whose incomes tend to be lower and more volatile, often face difficulties in finding affordable housing. For this reason, young adults are often considered high-risk tenants. Uncertainty in the rental market, restrictions on buying a home, and financial difficulties have a significant impact on young people’s ability to buy or rent their own home and often lead to short-term renting and regular housing changes. Various events that have a significant impact on the national economy, e.g., the financial crisis, have affected all the population in different countries over time, but it is believed that these events have had the most significant impact on young people’s living standards and on the level of housing affordability for youth. Therefore, it has been decided to evaluate the economic situation in the European Union, to analyse the socio-economic indicators for young people aged 20 to 34 years, and to study the concept of housing affordability both in Latvia and in the EU. The goal of the research is to analyse the possibilities of increasing the housing affordability for youth.
The Capacity of Soil Microalgae to Improve Germination and Initial Growth of White Radish and Kohlrabi
Authors: Seman Vladimira , Hajnal-Jafari Timea , Đurić Simonida , Stamenov Dragana
Published: May 2021

Biofertilizers and biostimulators have become alternative sources of plant nutrients. Biofertilizers derived from microalgae represent a new approach in plant production. The aim of the study was to examine the capacity of the microalgal cell suspension to improve germination and initial growth (root and shoot length) of white Icicle Radish (Raphanus sativus) and Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes). By applying soil microalgal biofertilizer, initial growth was improved. Compared to the control, the root length of white radish was increased by 64.24% and 41.32%, using Chlorella sp. and Dictyosphaerium sp. cell suspension, respectively. Kohlrabi root growth was stimulated by application of Chlorella sp. and Dictyosphaerium sp. suspension by 60.97% and 55.02%, respectively. A significant difference in the shoot length was recorded, as well.
Rapid Decreasing of a Selected Plant Species Distribution Within Recent Decades as an Illustration of Gradual Local Extinction of Low-Productive Wet Meadow Species in Central Europe
Authors: Oulehla Jan , Jiroušek Martin , Šťastná Milada , Barroso Petra Martínez
Published: May 2021

This study provides an illustration of the contemporary extinction trend of a selected wet grassland species, Pedicularis sylvatica, within a region of the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, Czech Republic. Historically, it was a relatively common species in the study region, but it has been severely reduced in recent decades due to the abandonment of the traditional management of the grasslands, or inappropriate management practices, including extensive drainage, fertilisation, and liming. Low precipitation in recent years, a depleted soil seed bank, inbreeding in small, isolated populations, the inability to germinate, and the emergence of seedlings can also play an important role. After personal resurvey, P. sylvatica was not confirmed on 28 % of the localities where it was documented between two and 20 years ago. In a selected south-eastern subregion, only one of 19 localities persist nowadays. A steep decrease of local subpopulations of P. sylvatica points to the holistic problem of both the low-productive wet meadow species’ extinctions and their habitat collapses in central Europe. Without proper protection and management, it is likely that low-productive wet meadows will continue to decline and, in the next few decades, only a fraction of today’s already faint frequency will remain within a few higher-elevated subregions.
The Contribution of the Public Authorities from the Republic of Moldova Towards the Protection and Enhancement of the National Cultural Heritage
Authors: Comendant Vasile
Published: May 2021

The article analyzes the contribution of the public administration authorities of the Republic of Moldova towards the protection and enhancement of the national cultural heritage. The competencies of the Parliament, the Executive and Ministry of Education, Culture and Research are investigated as central public authorities in the field of national heritage, as well as the attributions of local public authorities in this field. The attention is on the relationship of cooperation between the central public authorities and the local ones in certain areas. It is underlined the contribution of the European Union’s projects towards the reconstruction of some historical value objectives as part of the national heritage. Particular attention is given to the role of cultural heritage in the education of citizens by systematizing the knowledge about national and global cultural heritage.
The Synergy Between Natural and Legal Law in Eco-Ethics Context
Authors: Maior Corneliu , Berlingher Daniel , Dărău Petru Aurel , Boja Nicușor
Published: May 2021

From the multiple theses of eco-ethics, the study debates the complex relation between ethics – ethical principles and law – legislation in the field of environmental protection and durable development. Considering the differential – but also common – characteristics between natural laws and juridical ones that have an ecological signification, legislators must pass any law project while considering the needs of natural biosystems.
Supervisory Board’s Contribution to Corporate Strategy: Evidence from Croatian Companies
Authors: Cindrić Lana
Published: May 2021

The main objective of this paper is to expand understanding of how supervisory boards contribute to corporate strategy. Using a sample of supervisory boards of Croatian listed companies, in this paper we investigate: (1) the overall level of supervisory boards involvement in corporate strategy, and (2) how are supervisory board’s structural attributes related to the intensity of strategic involvement. Our results indicate that supervisory boards indeed have an active role in shaping and supporting the corporate strategy. Strategic activities that supervisory boards most often execute are authorizing strategic decisions proposed by the management board and crisis management activities.