bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Astrocyte aquaporin mediates a tonic water efflux maintaining brain homeostasis
Authors: Pham Cuong , Komaki Yuji , Deàs-Just Anna , Le Gac Benjamin , Mouffle Christine , Franco Clara , Chaperon Agnès , Vialou Vincent , Tsurugizawa Tomokazu , Cauli Bruno , Li Dongdong
Published: October 2024

Brain water homeostasis not only provides a physical protection, but also determines the diffusion of chemical molecules key for information processing and metabolic stability. As a major type of glia in brain parenchyma, astrocytes are the dominant cell type expressing aquaporin water channel. How astrocyte aquaporin contributes to brain water homeostasis in basal physiology remains to be understood. We report that astrocyte aquaporin 4 (AQP4) mediates a tonic water efflux in basal conditions. Acute inhibition of astrocyte AQP4 leads to intracellular water accumulation as optically resolved by fluorescence-translated imaging in acute brain slices, and
in vivo
by fiber photometry in mobile mice. We then show that aquaporin-mediated constant water efflux maintains astrocyte volume and osmotic equilibrium, astrocyte and neuron Ca
2+
signaling, and extracellular space remodeling during optogenetically induced cortical spreading depression. Using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI), we observed that
in vivo
inhibition of AQP4 water efflux heterogeneously disturbs brain water homeostasis in a region-dependent manner. Our data suggest that astrocyte aquaporin, though bidirectional in nature, mediates a tonic water outflow to sustain cellular and environmental equilibrium in brain parenchyma.
Unveiling the influence of tumor and immune signatures on immune checkpoint therapy in advanced lung cancer
Authors: Kim Nayoung , Park Sehhoon , Jo Areum , Eum Hye Hyeon , Kim Hong Kwan , Lee Kyungjong , Cho Jong Ho , Ku Bo Mi , Jung Hyun Ae , Sun Jong-Mu , Lee Se-Hoon , Ahn Jin Seok , Lee Jung-Il , Choi Jung Won , Jeong Dasom , Na Minsu , Kang Huiram , Kim Jeong Yeon , Choi Jung Kyoon , Lee Hae-Ock , Ahn Myung-Ju
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the variability among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in their responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Recognizing that patients with advanced-stage NSCLC rarely qualify for surgical interventions, it becomes crucial to identify biomarkers that influence responses to ICI therapy. We conducted an analysis of single-cell transcriptomes from 33 lung cancer biopsy samples, with a particular focus on 14 core samples taken before the initiation of palliative ICI treatment. Our objective was to link tumor and immune cell profiles with patient responses to ICI. We discovered that ICI non-responders exhibited a higher presence of CD4+ regulatory T cells, resident memory T cells, and TH17 cells. This contrasts with the diverse activated CD8+ T cells found in responders. Furthermore, tumor cells in non-responders frequently showed heightened transcriptional activity in the NF-kB and STAT3 pathways, suggesting a potential inherent resistance to ICI therapy. Through the integration of immune cell profiles and tumor molecular signatures, we achieved an discriminative power (AUC) exceeding 95% in identifying patient responses to ICI treatment. These results underscore the crucial importance of the interplay between tumor and immune microenvironment, including within metastatic sites, in affecting the effectiveness of ICIs in NSCLC.
Smell of Sunshine
Authors: Allen Louisa
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the experience of trialling smellwalks during the pandemic for use in educational contexts. It details how these walks were designed and mobilised in a small coastal town in Aotearoa-New Zealand to explore how the pandemic transformed life at a daily and local level. The paper has two aims which entail a theoretical examination of smellwalk methodology. Firstly, to rethink a multisensory conceptualisation of smell where human senses are understood as distinct but overlapping. And secondly, to theorise the act of smelling as unbounded and involving non-humans. A series of research moments are examined to demonstrate how smelling involves a multisensory experience that emerges with/through the material landscape. Barad’s (2007) notion of intra-action is drawn upon to re-conceptualise the idea of smell as led by the nose and reconfigure it as an indeterminate bodily experience.
Risk factors associated with air embolism following computed tomography-guided percutaneous lung biopsy: a retrospective case-control study
Authors: Wu Tingting , Li Shuai , Gao Mengyu , Yang Bin , Wang Yufeng , Xie Tao
Published: October 2024

Background

Retrospective analysis to identify the risk factors for air embolism following computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (TNB).

Methods

A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent CT-TNB at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Xuzhou Cancer Hospital from January 2017 to December 2021 was performed. A total of 21 factors relevant to air embolisms were collected. Risk factors associated with air embolisms were determined by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). The receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) was used to assess the ability of these factors to identify air embolisms.

Results

Of these 32,748 patients, 28 experienced air embolisms (19 at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (incidence, 1.46%) and nine at Xuzhou Cancer Hospital (incidence, 0.69%); total incidence, 2.16%). Only seven patients exhibited symptoms (symptom rate, 25.00%). A total of 21 patients were asymptomatic at the time of swept-source CT. No deaths occurred. We found through univariate and multivariate analysis that eight out of these 21 factors are associated with the occurrence of air embolism. The area under the ROC curve was 0.721, indicating good predictive power (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Cough during the procedure, hemoptysis during the procedure, the distance between the mass and the pulmonary vein, the presence of a cavity in the lesion, lesion location, number of samples, abnormalities in the patient’s coagulation mechanism, and the puncture position may be the risk factors for air embolism in CT-TNB.
Heme oxygenase-1: potential therapeutic targets for periodontitis
Authors: Lv Weiwei , Hu Shichen , Yang Fei , Lin Dong , Zou Haodong , Zhang Wanyan , Yang Qin , Li Lihua , Chen Xiaowen , Wu Yan
Published: October 2024

Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent inflammatory disease worldwide, which affects 11% of the global population and is a major cause of tooth loss. Recently, oxidative stress (OS) has been found to be the pivital pathophysiological mechanism of periodontitis, and overactivated OS will lead to inflammation, apoptosis, pyroptosis and alveolar bone resorption. Interestingly, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a rate-limiting enzyme in heme degradation, can exert antioxidant activites through its products—carbon monoxide (CO), Fe2+, biliverdin and bilirubin in the inflammatory microenvironment, thus exhibiting anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-pyroptosis and bone homeostasis-regulating properties. In this review, particular focus is given to the role of HO-1 in periodontitis, including the spatial-temporal expression in periodental tissues and pathophysiological mechanisms of HO-1 in periodontitis, as well as the current therapeutic applications of HO-1 targeted drugs for periodontitis. This review aims to elucidate the potential applications of various HO-1 targeted drug therapy in the management of periodontitis, investigate the influence of diverse functional groups on HO-1 and periodontitis, and pave the way for the development of a new generation of therapeutics that will benefit patients suffering from periodontitis.
Cardiac Sympathetic Nerve Activity among Passive Smokers and Smokeless Tobacco Users: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Khushi Patel
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Tobacco use and exposure to Second-Hand Smoke (SHS) are major health hazards for growing children and adolescents. Smokeless Tobacco (SLT) product consumption is a serious health issue both abroad and in India. Children and young people are more likely to be exposed to Secondhand Smoke (SHS) in India due to high population density. Aim: To assess physical anthropometric parameters and cardiac autonomic function tests among passive smokers and SLT users. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Physiology Nootan Medical College and Research Centre, Visnagar from August 2023 to February 2024. The study was comprised of 100 participants including 50 non-smokers who chew tobacco and who have never been a passive smoker in Group-A (SLT) and 50 agematched passive smokers who lived with at least one smoker or frequently interacted with smokers at work for at least three years before conducting this study was included in Group-B (Passive smoke or SHS). Anthropometric measurements were recorded. Cardiac autonomic function tests were done by using a Polyrite recording machine with mode “ECG” in Lead-II position among both groups. Results were expressed as mean±Standard Deviation (SD), and analysed by using unpaired student’s t-test. The p-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Resting (Basal) heart rate was significantly increased in the SLT group (p-value≤0.001). Resting Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) was significantly reduced in the passive smoker group when compared to SLT group (p-value≤0.001). It was noted that 30:15 ratio was statistically significant in the passive smokers as compared to that in the SLT group (p-value≤0.001). It was also noted that blood pressure response to immediate standing in passive smokers was highly significant (p-value≤0.001). Conclusion: The results of present study showed that sympathetic activity was increased and parasympathetic activity was decreased in tobacco users (SLT). The fall of SBP in response to immediate standing among passive smokers is suggestive of decreased central sympathetic activity and baroreceptor reflex sensitivity
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis in a Three-month-old Infant: An Unusual Case Report
Authors: Saranya A , Chandramouleeswari K , Regis M Dougul
Published: October 2024

Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP) is an unusual diffuse lung disease characterised by the alveolar accumulation of phospholipoprotein material, with a peak incidence in the 3rd to 4th decades of life and a male predominance. However, it has also been described in children. The recorded prevalence is 0.1 per 100,000 individuals. The major clinicopathogenetic subtypes include the autoimmune (idiopathic) form, which is associated with Granulocyte-macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) autoantibodies, the secondary form and the congenital form (associated with surfactant gene mutations). Common presenting features include dyspnoea, cough, low-grade fever, inspiratory crackles and digital clubbing. Pulmonary function tests typically show restrictive ventilatory defects. Herein, the authors present a case of a three-month-old male infant who presented with cough, dyspnoea and failure to thrive over the past 10 days. X-rays revealed a bilateral reticular pattern with non homogeneous opacities. Computed Tomography (CT) of the chest showed features consistent with interstitial lung disease. High-resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) demonstrated a crazy-paving appearance, suggestive of interstitial lung disease or a surfactant-related genetic disorder. Bronchial Alveolar Lavage (BAL) yielded milky fluid. Characteristic microscopic findings on lung biopsy included the filling of terminal bronchioles and alveolar spaces with deep pink granular Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS)-positive eosinophilic material, while the alveolar architecture remained preserved. Patients with minimal symptoms are managed conservatively, whereas those with hypoxaemia require a more aggressive approach. Whole Lung Lavage (WLL) is the safest and most effective form of treatment. To date, there have been 240 case reports and 410 case series documented in the literature. This is the first case of PAP reported in the study institution. The authors present this case report here due to its rarity and diagnostic significance.
Beyond the Crib: Unraveling the Enigma of Neonatal Nasopharyngeal Mass
Authors: Shanmathi M Sonali , Chandramouleeswari K , Regis M Dougul , Nandhini A Usha , Sidhu M
Published: October 2024

Germ cell tumours that develop at birth are rare, with teratomas most frequently occurring in the sacrococcygeal area. Nasopharyngeal teratomas are also rare, occurring in less than 10% of head and neck teratomas. Immature Nasopharyngeal Teratoma (INT) in neonates presents a rare yet challenging clinical scenario. It can manifest with significant respiratory distress and airway compromise, necessitating prompt recognition and intervention. Diagnostic modalities such as imaging studies and biopsy aid in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Surgical resection remains the cornerstone of management, with complete excision being essential to optimise outcomes. The present case report highlights the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration and continued research efforts to refine therapeutic approaches and improve patient outcomes. Here, the authors present a rare case of INT in a 51-day-old male child. A 51-day-old male child, normal vaginal delivery and cried immediately after birth with complaints of respiratory distress from 8th day of life, for which he was treated with antibiotics and started on mechanical ventilation. In view of failure of extubation, bronchoscopy was done which revealed a nasopharyngeal mass. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed a heterogeneous mass measuring 2.3×3.9×3.1 cm (anteroposterior x transverse x craniocaudal) involving the parapharyngeal space and carotid space, extending into the retropharyngeal space, with no evidence of intracranial extension. Histopathology showed features of an immature solid teratoma. Nasopharyngeal teratomas are extremely rare congenital tumours, with only a few cases reported in the medical literature. INT in neonates represents a rare yet clinically significant entity that requires prompt recognition and intervention. Multidisciplinary collaboration and comprehensive management strategies are essential to optimise outcomes for affected neonates.
Dietetic Sweet Boondi: A Sugar-Free Innovation with Stevia and Polyols
Authors: Prajapati Hit J. , Tagalpallewar Govind P. , Patel Akashamrut M. , Modi Ramesh B. , Damle Kedar S.
Published: October 2024

This study successfully developed a dietetic version of sweet Boondi by replacing traditional sugar syrup with a balanced blend of natural sweeteners, including stevia and polyols like mannitol, maltitol, sorbitol, and fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Through a detailed market survey and sensory analysis of the market sweet Boondi samples, the Boondi making process was adopted and on that basis of that process dietetic sweet Boondi was made, in which the syrup made with the proportion consisting of mannitol (22 g), maltitol (16 g), sorbitol (22 g), FOS (15 g), and stevia (0.082 g) per 100 g of syrup, emerged as the most favorable formulation. This combination achieved high scores across all sensory attributes scores with colour and appearance score (7.59 ± 0.09), body and texture score (7.41 ± 0.09), flavour and taste score (7.47 ± 0.10) and overall acceptability score (7.53 ± 0.10). The findings underscore the importance of balancing polyol ratios to optimize sensory qualities, addressing consumer demand for healthier sweet without compromising on sensory attributes. This research provides a promising framework for developing dietetic versions of other traditional Indian sweets, paving the way for healthier options in the market.
Regulation of Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms Related to Water Stress Tolerance in Barley and Improvement of Growth and Productivity Using Salicylic Acid and Chitosan
Authors: El-Wakeel Sally E. , Mansour Mohamed , El-Azeem Ashgan M. Abd , Aboulila Aziza A.
Published: October 2024

The present investigation aimed to assess the impacts of three Salicylic Acid (SA) concentrations (T2=100, T3=200, T4=300ppm), three Chitosan concentrations (T5=150, T6=225, T7=300ppm) and T8= Salicylic Acid (100 ppm) with Chitosan (150 ppm) mixture in comparison to control treatment (T1) on two barley cultivars Giza126 and Giza 134 under rainfed conditions. Some vegetative and yield traits were recorded, plant height, spike length, number of gains spike-1, number of spikes/m2, 1000 grain weight, biological and grain yield. A split plot design was performed with three replications. The field experiment was conducted in the northern west coast region of Egypt (Marsa Matruh government) under the rainfed condi­tions during 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 growing seasons. The results showed a direct relationship between increased foliar application and increased yield attributes. Results indicated that Giza 126 cultivar as affected by T4 showed the most desirable values for grains spikes-1 in first season, spikes/m2, biological yield and grain yield during the first and second seasons respectively. In addition, barley cultivar Giza 126 as affected by T3 showed the highest values for grains spikes-1 in second season. On the other hand, barley cultivar Giza 134 as affected by T4 showed the highest values for plant height, spike length and 1000-grain weight in first and second seasons respectively. From results, it can be concluded that the Salicylic Acid (SA) concentration 300 ppm is recommendable for improving the productivity of barley under rainfed conditions of Egypt. To study the potential role of SA and Chitosan on water stress tolerance mechanisms some biochemical and physiological parameters were recorded. Application of SA and Chitosan decreased significantly Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) measuring by determined the concentrations of MDA and H2O2 especially SA with concentrations 300 ppm (T4). For osmolytes (proline, SSC and SPC), all treatments using SA and Chitosan induced significant increase in osmolytes content compared with control under water stress only in the two studied barley genotypes, except for treatment with Chitosan 225 and 300 ppm in Giza 126 for proline content. Similar results were recorded for antioxidant enzymes activity (CAT, POX and PPO) which showed up-regulation for all treatments compared with control under water stress for the two studied genotypes. On contrast, APX antioxidant enzyme recorded the highest activity in control treatment under water stress only. In general, for all studied treatments comparing with control, application of SA300 ppm and the mixture between SA100 and Chitosan150 ppm were the best treatment for induction of up and down regulation of biochemical and physiological component in the barley cells which is known as defense system against water stress damage.
Mandoliong: An Organological Study of a Traditional Stringed Instrument in Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: Ihsan Andi , Saputra Andi Taslim
Published: October 2024

Mandoliong is considered a traditional musical instrument found in the Bugis community, Wajo Regency South Sulawesi Indonesia. This art functions as entertainment and is performed at wedding receptions, celebrations, traditional and government activities. Mandoliong can be reviewed based on its musical organology. Discussing organology can provide information about the form, way of playing, and the life cultural of the mandalion in people's lives. Mandoliong has a distinctive musical instrument shape and is now very rare. Even a successor to the Mandoliong maker is very diffi cult to find. This raises curiosity about how to make Mandoliong for the younger generation. In the music paradigm, the science that studies the structure and function of instruments is one element of the part of music called organology. This research aims to understand the construction parts and aspects of Mandoliong music. The methods used to collect data were observation, interviews and document study. As a result, the Mandoliong is known to have originated from China where it was acculturated with other models of musical instruments. In general, the shape of a Mandoliong is divided into three parts, namely the head (ulu), body (watang), and keys (tus). The materials and tools used in making the Mandoliong musical instrument are materials that are easily available every day in the people of Wajo Regency. In terms of performance, the Mandoliong musical instrument is performed in ensemble form. The scale produced by the plucked Mandoliong musical instrument is a chromatic scale.
Presentation and Management Outcome of Anterior Fontanelle Dermoid Cyst: Report of 6 Cases
Authors: Abdullahi Lawal Barau , Abdu Ibrahim
Published: October 2024

Aim: The aim of study is highlight the presentation of anterior fontanelle Dermoid cyst which is relatively uncommon condition, and our ability to excised the cysts in our resource poor environment.
Presentation of Cases: A retrospective study of all the consecutive patients managed by pediatric surgery unit over six years was done and the results was analysed and documented.
A total of six patients was managed over a period of five years including 4 boys and 2 girls. The age ranges between 6months to five years.
Discussion: Dermoid cysts are inclusion cyst mostly seen in the midline. 1, 2 They occur in head and neck or the trunk. It is a benign, slowly growing lesion, dermoid cysts are thought to arise during the third and fifth week of embryogenesis from displacement of germ cells during the formation of the neural tube.
All of the patients had excision under general anesthesia. The intra operative finding is a global, cystic swelling containing amber to yellow color jelly fluid.
All the patients were operated as day case surgery and were discharged home about four to six hours after recovery from anesthesia. All the patients did well postoperatively, only one patient had surgical site infection which was treated with antibiotics and wound dressing.
Conclusion: Dermoid cyst is an uncommon congenital cyst mostly diagnosed during infancy, following excision recurrence is uncommon.
The Haematotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity Effects of Diazepam Administration in Male Albino Rats
Authors: Afolayan Kayode Abiodun , Owoade Abiodun Olusoji
Published: October 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the haematological and nephrotoxic effects of diazepam at varying doses in male albino rats.
Materials and Methods: Rats were administered therapeutic (0.062 mg/kg/day), high (0.33 mg/kg/day), and extremely high (0.661 mg/kg/day) doses of diazepam orally for 14 and 28 days. Blood and kidney samples were collected for haematological and biochemical analysis.Results: Diazepam administration significantly reduced red blood cell count (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), and platelet count (PLT), while other haematological indices were not notably affected. Plasma creatinine and urea levels increased, and total protein decreased across all doses. The treatment also elevated renal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, while reducing antioxidant enzyme activity superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH).
Conclusions: Diazepam poses significant risks of oxidative stress, haematotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. While effective in managing anxiety, caution is necessary due to its potentially harmful effects on blood and renal function.
Harnessing Nitrogen Use Efficiency for Enhancing Productivity in Rice: A Review
Authors: Jose Merin , P Shalini Pillai , John Jacob
Published: October 2024

Nitrogen fertilizers have significantly enhanced rice yields over the past decades, but they also have substantial negative impacts on the environment. Excessive application of nutrients, particularly nitrogen, beyond crop requirements is linked to environmental losses. High nitrogen fertilizer input leads to low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) due to the rapid loss of nitrogen through ammonia volatilization, denitrification, surface runoff, and leaching in the soil-flood water system. Enhancing the yield potential of rice- based cropping systems in response to the global call for carbon neutrality is a crucial research target. New approaches are needed to boost yields while maintaining or ideally reducing nitrogen application to maximize crop NUE. Improving NUE is crucial for addressing the intertwined challenges of environmental degradation, climate change, and food security. This review provides an in-depth exploration of strategies for improving nitrogen use efficiency, including soil health management, optimized fertilizer application, crop management practices, physiological and morphological approaches, exploiting symbiotic relationships, and genetic approaches, all aimed at enhancing rice productivity while addressing agricultural and environmental challenges caused by nitrogen losses, such as ammonia volatilization and leaching and promoting more sustainable farming practices. It also reduces the input costs, leading to a more sustainable agricultural economy and improved living standards for farming communities.
Antifungal Potential of Struchium sparganophora (Antsbush): A Promising Candidate for Treating Candidiasis and Cryptococcosis
Authors: Ally-Charles Bibi , Tyrell Ede , Archer Shontel , Seenarine Vishmeta , Gomes Tashanna , Semple Joel , Dey Basil , Boyle Andrew , Hutson Andrew , Vanlewin Obena , Jeeboo Karishma
Published: October 2024

Aims: The incidence of Candidiasis and Cryptococcosis, and the emergence of acquired antifungal resistance have increased rapidly. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of S. sparganophora leaf extracts against C. albicans and C. neoformans; and to determine whether there was any difference between the antifungal effects of S. sparganophora leaf extracts and two conventional antifungal agents (AFAs).
Study Design: Experiment-based study.
Place and Duration of Study: S. sparganophora leaves was obtained from a site in Kimbia, Berbice River, Guyana; identified by the Biodiversity Centre and tested at the Main Laboratory at the College of Medical Sciences, University of Guyana during January- August 2023.
Methodology: Dried pulverised leaves were macerated using different solvents and concentrated using a rotary evaporator. Sterile filter paper discs were soaked in different concentrations of the various extracts. Antifungal discs were placed on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar plates seeded with fungi. All plates were incubated and zones of inhibitions (ZOIs) were measured and expressed as mean ± SD. 
Results: S. sparganophora leaf extracts showed large ZOI especially at the 100 mg/ml concentrations against all organisms tested. The largest ZOI was seen for the hexane extract against C. neoformans (35.5±5 mm) and C. Albicans In-House B (18.5±3.5 mm) at 100 mg/ml concentrations. No ZOI was observed against the AFA fluconazole by C. albicans In-House B, while large ZOI were observed with the hexane and ethyl acetate extracts at 100 mg/ml concentrations. Statistical analysis showed correlation between the ZOI and concentrations, ZOI and solvent extract, and ZOI and type of fungi.
Conclusion: In conclusion, S. sparganophora leaf extracts have great antifungal activity and in some cases showed greater activity when compared to conventional AFAs.
Quantifying the Impact of Nitrogen Concentration Variations on Quality Characteristics of Soilless Cultivated Cherry Tomato
Authors: Chettri Pravachan , Shil Sanjoy , Thapa Umesh
Published: October 2024

Within the domain of macronutrients, nitrogen has garnered significant recognition as a pivotal element due to its profound influence on both the vegetative growth and quality attributes of a crop. An abundance of scientific research has consistently demonstrated that attaining optimal productivity necessitates the meticulous management of soil moisture availability, complemented by the timely provision of nitrogen during critical growth stage intervals. The study aimed to optimize the nitrogen concentration in a hydroponic solution by testing a range of concentrations. The objective was to systematically examine the effects of different nitrogen levels and determine the optimal concentration for the desired outcomes. The assessment was carried out in a meticulously controlled greenhouse environment from October 2019 to April 2021, with the primary objective of systematically investigating the impact on quality characteristics specific to the rosa variety of cherry tomato. To investigate the effects of different nitrogen concentrations, four distinct levels of 4 mM, 6 mM, 8 mM, and 10 mM per litre of nutrient solution were employed. The nitrogen source consisted of a combination of NO3- and NH4+, with a ratio of 40:60, respectively. The nutrient solution with an 8 mM nitrogen concentration exhibited a significantly augmented effect on increasing the equatorial and polar diameter of fruits, average fruit weight, pericarp thickness, as well as the accumulation of total chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, lycopene, β-carotene, and total soluble solids (TSS) content. These findings demonstrate the pronounced and positive influence of the 8 mM nitrogen concentration on the aforementioned quality characteristics.
Therapeutic Potential of Methanolic Stem Extract of Costus afer on Serum Uric Acid, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Levels in Monosodium Urate (MSU)-Induced Gouty Arthritis in Wistar Rats
Authors: Dennis Kpomah Enyohwo , James Owo Gogo
Published: October 2024

The therapeutic potential of methanolic stem extracts of Costus afer was investigated to evaluate their effects on serum uric acid, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels, which are the key biomarkers associated with inflammatory and metabolic disorders like gouty arthritis. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of C. afer indicated the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenol, anthraquinone and glycosides, these bioactive compounds have been implicated for numerous medicinal uses and as such the therapeutic potentials of the extract were investigated by administering varying doses (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg) of the extract to a Wistar rat model with induced gouty arthritis and assessing its impact compared to a control group and an untreated MSU group. The results revealed that the extracts significantly reduced ( serum uric acid levels in a dose-dependent manner, with the high dose achieving a reduction below the control level. Additionally, the extracts effectively decreased ( TNF-α and IL-6 levels, indicating potent anti-inflammatory properties. The high dose exhibited the most substantial reduction in these biomarkers, underscoring the extract’s therapeutic potential. These findings support the traditional use of C. afer and provide scientific validation for its application in managing hyperuricemia and inflammatory conditions.
High-Throughput Insilico Drug Screen against Mpox Targeted Proteins in Comparison with Repurposed Antiviral Drugs against Natural Compounds
Authors: Manikyam Hemanth Kumar , Patil Sandeep Balvant , Hussain Nazim , Vallal R. Edison Eegai , Sharma Shikha , Patil Abhinandan Ravsaheb
Published: October 2024

The recent resurgence of the Monkeypox Virus (MPXV) has prompted increased efforts to discover effective antiviral treatments. This study utilized an in silico docking approach with CB Dock2 to assess both natural compounds and repurposed antiviral medications. We concentrated on several critical viral targets for inhibition, specifically VP39 2'-O Methyltransferase, viral topoisomerase-DNA complexes, and poxin. Our results identified a number of natural substances, including Physalin A, Sitoindoside IX, Withanolide, Shatavarin 1, Kutkoside, and Berberine HCl, as promising inhibitors. Tecovirimat was found to be the most effective among the repurposed antivirals. Notably, natural products like Withanolide, Sitoindoside IX, and Physalin A showed significant inhibitory potential based on their Vina scores and binding affinities, suggesting they may serve as alternative therapeutic options. Tecovirimat consistently proved to be the most powerful inhibitor among repurposed antivirals across all examined targets, reinforcing its importance in combating MPXV.
Revenue Streams and Capital Outlay: An Empirical Study of Municipal Corporations in India
Authors: Patel Adarsh , Niranjan Sunil Kumar , Singh Digvijay , Singh Anju
Published: October 2024

This paper empirically tests the relationship between municipal revenue streams and capital outlay focused on building new infrastructure and amenities for sustainable urban development. The study follows a cross-sectional research design without a time dimension using secondary data from municipal corporations across 26 Indian states and Union Territories obtained from the Reserve Bank of India’s Report on Municipal Finances. An Ordinary Least Squares model was used to estimate the coefficients of own tax revenue, own non-tax revenue and revenue from government transfers. The study's main results show that while coefficients of own non-tax revenue sources, i.e., Rental Income, Fees & User Charges, and Interest earned are 8.52, 3.56, and 40.43 respectively with associated p-values of 0.000, suggesting greater influence in determining capital outlay, the coefficients of own tax revenue sources such as Property Tax, Water Tax, and Advertisement Tax are -0.21, -2.96 and 15.78 respectively with p-values exceeding 0.05 suggesting an insignificant relationship. Transfers from the central government are significant factors influencing capital outlay of the municipal corporations given by a coefficient of 2.45 with an associated p-value of 0.01, while state government transfers have a negative relationship given by a coefficient of -1.15 with a p-value of 0.023. The study also employs several diagnostic tests to ensure validity of the results and robustness of the model employed. The Adjusted R-squared value of 0.98 shows the model is a good fit and coefficients are relevant. Model diagnostics reveal that the results are efficient and model is a good fit to the data. The paper then concludes with discussion on the results obtained and policy suggestions along with indicating scope for further research in the field.
Influence Of Free Day Secondary Education (FDSE) Capitation Grants On Participation Rates In Public Secondary Schools In Makueni County, Kenya
Authors: Musyimi Charles , Kasivu Gideon , Nzomoi Joseph
Published: October 2024

Adequate funding of the education sector is crucial to the provision of quality education for all (OECD, 2016). Financing of education is the greatest enabler of learners to participate in education and flow through education system from entry to exit. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of Free Day Secondary Education (FDSE) on participation rates in public secondary schools in Makueni County, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The targeted respondents included School Principals and their Deputies from 196 secondary schools in Makueni County as well as 9 Sub County Directors of Education from Makueni County. Data collection instruments included questionnaires for Principals, Deputy Principals and interview schedule for Sub-county Directors of Education. The instruments were ascertained through piloting and by research experts to ascertain content validity while reliability was achieved through piloting and testing reliability. Data collection registered a response rate of 91.8%. The data was analyzed by use of SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations and inferential statistics were used to analyze the quantitative data. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically through content analysis and the responses were presented in narratives. Tables and figures were used to present the analyzed data. The results revealed that there was statistically significant relationship between FDSE capitation grants and participation rates in public secondary schools in Makueni County. This was at R values of 0.67 which was positive and significant with values of 0.014. From this result the study concludes that Free Day Secondary Education (FDSE) capitation grants influence students’ participation rates in public secondary schools in Makueni County, Kenya. The qualitative results also confirmed that education subsidies influence students’ participation rates in public secondary schools in Makueni County, Kenya. The study recommends that government should sustain and increase capitation grants to schools and also partner with other stakeholders in financing education to enhance students’ participation rates in education
The Impact of the Oil Industry on the Economic Development of Nigeria
Authors: MONDESIR EDY ABAKA LOIC , JUNIOR EDY YEBROU FRANCK
Published: October 2024

The study examined the impact of the oil industry on the economic development of Nigeria. The Nigerian petroleum industry dominates the Nigerian economy in terms of profits and revenue. According to the recent Petroleum Export Organization (OPEC) report, Nigeria currently ranks as the world's tenth-largest crude oil reserves and also the world's fifteenth crude oil producer. According to national statistics, the industry generates for the country more than 95% of the country's external revenue and about 80% of government revenue. Secondary data collected on the economic variable used in the study comes from the World Bank, worldometer, and the International Monetary Fund, Statistical Review of World Energy, Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin, CEICDATA (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) from 1990 to 2016. An augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test, and autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) method, and ARDL related to the test co-integration with various other diagnostic techniques were used for the study. The result reveals that oil production contributed to economic development, but the consumption and export of crude oil did not contribute to the improvement of the Nigerian economy. The study concluded that the government should implement policies that would encourage the private sector to actively participate in the crude oil sector and sectors of the economy. In addition, the government should use the revenue generated from oil to invest in other national sectors such as agriculture and manufacturing to expand the revenue stream of the economy
3D Mapping In Construction Projects for Soil Characterizations And EIA Enhancement
Authors: Mebayedh Hamad Al- , Almekaimi Meshari , Alobaidan Jassim
Published: October 2024

With the advancement on automation systems in our life and construction projects the development of automated Environmental Impact assessment EIA system is desirable. This could be achieved by set of integrated technologies, software, and hardware to perform a task which is in this research paper is Quality EIA. The environmental impact assessment must be improved, assessed, and quality checked for the human and the environment health and safety benefit first, and the advancement of human activities and needs towards the future. If we consider the development and construction projects is one of the markers and the signature of how far is countries and human civilized or advanced, the EIA quality review and development of this document in any project should be improved and advanced. Ideally EIA system, document, will lead to quickly and easily obtain information, improve project value, and return of investment, improving facilities and reach the optimum clients and government requirements. This often necessitates to build a tailored applications sometime combine or develop innovative, and integrate, new, existing hardware, software, methods, and technologies to reach that aim. Which is the research methodology of this research paper This research paper concluded that 3D mapping for soil characterizations a technology where spatial interpolation methods play a significant part as a backbone of its core in relation to the accuracy of the data which will provides essential elements towards site characterization information, that need to be informed in to the EIA in structure and elegant way to improve decision making, planning strategies, environmental management, risk assessment, more than those projects estimations. This research paper adopts a multi-method approach involving reviewing the literature, case studies, and computer simulation.
Enhancing Global Competitiveness: The Role of English in Construction Vocational Training
Authors: Dashti Farah , Almekaimi Meshari , Almutawa Aysha
Published: October 2024

The increasing globalization of the construction industry has increased the demand for multilingual professionals capable of succeeding in diverse environments. This research investigates the convenience and effectiveness of teaching English to construction vocational students in Kuwait, namely the Construction Training Institute (CTI), focusing on improving their employability and competitiveness. This study examines the potential benefits of using English as the medium of instruction in CTI, not only in English for special purposes (ESP) classes, but all other technical lectures. This will address the challenges in the vocational institutions and students' challenges in adopting English, including language proficiency barriers and curriculum adjustment. The study highlights the importance of delivering effective instructions while developing students’ technical skills. This study provides practical strategies for improving and enhancing the vocational education system while preparing CTI students for an increasingly interconnected global workforce
The Essential Computer Drawing Labs Facilities and Infrastructure to Achieve Training Quality According to International Standards
Authors: Alobaidan Jassim M. , Almekaimi Meshari Y.
Published: October 2024

Educational facilities and infrastructure at any training institute must meet the minimum international standards. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of the current facilities and infrastructure in the Computer Drawing Labs. The study used quantitative research methods, including observation and documentation. Study results indicate that all aspects of facilities and infrastructure assessed are in the good feasible category, with achievement levels ranging from 70 to 100 percent. The aspect with the lowest feasibility achievement is the space area at 70%, while the aspect of room furniture, educational media, equipment, and environment quality, achieved feasibility levels of 85%
Thermal comfort in open spaces in the arid climate of Kuwait: a study of construction training institute students
Authors: Almekaimi Meshari , Al-Jaghoub Ayah
Published: October 2024

This article assesses the students’ sensation of thermal comfort in the open areas of the construction training institute in Kuwait, a hyper arid desert. This is carried out using field measurements from the site, and then handing out in-depth questionnaires to 100 students. The questionnaire provides great insight into the students’ perception of thermal comfort, as well as the constituents that impact it. Moreover, the students’ recommendations to improve thermal comfort in open spaces sheds light on the various methods that should be further researched and quantified. These solutions include adding substantial vegetation and trees for shading and redesigning the inadequate existing shading devices on campus. Overall, the findings indicate that the air temperature and humidity are well below the comfort level. These field measurements are sufficiently validated with the questionnaire results that indicate a substantially negative experience. While outdoor thermal comfort is heavily under researched in Kuwait, there are endless opportunitiesfor improvement and development. Consequently, this paper acts as a catalyst for future endeavors, quantitative analysis, and raised awareness
“The role of modern technology for safety and security management in construction sites in Kuwait”
Authors: A. Alhamad Eng. Hamad , M. Alobaidan Eng. Jassim
Published: October 2024

The research aimed to investigate the significance of modern safety techniques in the construction industry of Kuwait. It found a lack of awareness among workers and organizations, hindering their implementation. The study highlighted the benefits of using modern safety technologies to address safety issues and recommended training workers, government support, and the involvement of professional institutions to raise awareness
La química en el contexto de la inclusión de personas con discapacidad cognitiva Chemistry in the context of inclusion of people with cognitive disabilities Química no contexto da inclusão de pessoascomdeficiência cognitiva
Authors: Silva Oscar Marino Micolta , Hernández Helmer Muñoz
Published: October 2024

The objective of this work is to explore the contribution of chemistry didactics in the teaching-learning of this subject in students with cognitive disabilities. It is a documentary work that aims to know what are the lines of research in which the publications found are framed and that relate the teaching of chemistry with inclusion, specifically for this population. To classify the documents found, the one suggested by Carriazo and Saavedra (2004) is taken as a basis. It should be noted that the results found are few
Maternal Infant Feeding Knowledge And Dietary Diversity Of Children’s Diet Born Of Hiv-Positive Mothers, In Narok County, Kenya
Authors: Tumpeinea Silas , Andago Angela , Ngala B, Sophia
Published: October 2024

Despite progress in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV, children still acquire HIV infection (Frange et al., 2021), in 2020, the world had 31.6 million HIV positive people and sub-Sahara African countries had 83% pregnant women, 80% infants with HIV, and 78% of teenage women 15-24 years newly infected. Kenya had 1.4 million HIV positive people a prevalence rate of 4.5% and 5% in Narok County. Breastfeeding, especially early and exclusive breastfeeding, is one of the most important ways to improve infant survival (WHO, 2023c). However, the complementary feeding period, from 6 to 23 months of age, is one of the most challenging times to meet children’s nutrient demands. While children’s stomachs can only hold a small amount of food, their nutrient needs reach a lifetime peak leaving them vulnerable to growth faltering (Almasri et al., 2020). The overall objective of the study was to determine maternal infant feeding knowledge and dietary diversity of children’s diet born of HIV-positive mothers, in Narok County, Kenya The research was a cross-sectional analytical study and involved HIV+ mothers and their babies aged 0 – 23 months, purposively selected. A defined questionnaire was utilized for socio demographic indicators (e.g. age, marital status), anthropometry assessment (e.g. weight, Height) and secondary data/ hospital records. Through simple random sampling, mother baby pairs were generated by use of a computer and SPSS version 22.0 was utilized to analyse data. Socio-economic and demographic characteristics were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics