bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Camouflaging in non-autistic adults is associated with poorer mental health
Authors: Somerville Mark , MacPherson Sarah E. , Fletcher-Watson Sue
Published: November 2019

Camouflaging is a frequently reported behaviour in autistic people, which entails the use of strategies to compensate for and mask autistic traits in social situations. Camouflaging is associated with poor mental health in autistic people. This study examined the manifestation of camouflaging in a non-autistic sample, examining the relationship between autistic traits, camouflaging, and mental health. In addition, the role of executive functions as a mechanism underpinning camouflaging was explored. Sixty-three non-autistic adults completed standardised self-report questionnaires which measured: autistic traits, mental health symptoms, and camouflaging behaviours. In addition, a subset (n=51) completed three tests of executive function measuring inhibition, working memory, and set-shifting. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyse data. Results indicated that autistic traits are not associated with mental health symptoms when controlling for camouflaging, and camouflaging predicted increased mental health symptoms. Camouflaging did not correlate with any measure of executive function. These findings have implications for understanding the relationship between autistic traits and mental health in non-autistic people and add to the growing development of theory and knowledge about the mechanism and effects of camouflaging.
Neuroimaging and psychometric assessment of mild cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Calvillo Maria , Irimia Andrei
Published: December 2019

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be serious partly due to the challenges of assessing and treating its neurocognitive and affective sequelae. The effects of a single TBI may persist for years and can limit patients’ activities due to somatic complaints (headaches, vertigo, sleep disturbances, nausea, light or sound sensitivity), affective sequelae (post-traumatic depressive symptoms, anxiety, irritability, emotional instability) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI, including social cognition disturbances, attention deficits, information processing speed decreases, memory degradation and executive dysfunction). Despite a growing amount of research, study comparison and knowledge synthesis in this field are problematic due to TBI heterogeneity and factors like injury mechanism, age at or time since injury. The relative lack of standardization in neuropsychological assessment strategies for quantifying sequelae adds to these challenges, and the proper administration of neuropsychological testing relative to the relationship between TBI, MCI and neuroimaging has not been reviewed satisfactorily. Social cognition impairments after TBI (e.g., disturbed emotion recognition, theory of mind impairment, altered self-awareness) and their neuroimaging correlates have not been explored thoroughly. This review consolidates recent findings on the cognitive and affective consequences of TBI in relation to neuropsychological testing strategies, to neurobiological and neuroimaging correlates, and to patient age at and assessment time after injury. All cognitive domains recognized by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) are reviewed, including social cognition, complex attention, learning and memory, executive function, language and perceptual-motor function. Affect and effort are additionally discussed owing to their relationships to cognition and to their potentially confounding effects. Our findings highlight non-negligible cognitive and affective impairments following TBI, their gravity often increasing with injury severity. Future research should study (A) language, executive and perceptual-motor function (whose evolution post-TBI remains under-explored), (B) the effects of age at and time since injury, and (C) cognitive impairment severity as a function of injury severity. Such efforts should aim to develop and standardize batteries for cognitive subdomains—rather than only domains—with high ecological validity. Additionally, they should utilize multivariate techniques like factor analysis and related methods to clarify which cognitive subdomains or components are indeed measured by standardized tests.
Editorial - Network modeling in psychopathology : hopes and challenges
Authors: Morvan Yannick , Fried Eiko I , Chevance Astrid
Published: November 2019

Editorial for the article Bortolon & Raffard, Network analysis: are we moving towards a new conceptualization and treatment of mental disorders? 10.1016/j.encep.2019.06.001
Securities exchanges: Subjects and agents of financialization
Authors: Petry Johannes
Published: December 2019

How have exchanges shaped financialization? This chapter argues that similar to other financial market actors, securities exchanges have themselves undergone a significant transformation. In the last 25 years, marketization, internationalization, and digitization have fundamentally changed the way exchanges function, turning them from national marketplaces into markets actors. As a result of this transformation, exchanges have become crucial agents in processes of financialization. First, by organizing capital markets they influence market dynamics, facilitating volatility and market stability. Second, exchanges have turned into agents of disintermediation, selling and exporting financial technologies and expertise, facilitating the development of capital markets globally. Third, exchanges have emerged as politically and economically powerful players, both vis-à-vis other market actors but also towards regulators and states. Overall, through their transformation exchanges have become crucial actors in the spreading of capital markets, the transformations of contemporary finance and the politics of financialization.
The Labor Market Effects of Mexican Repatriations: Longitudinal Evidence from the 1930s
Authors: Yasenov Vasil , Peri Giovanni , Lee Jongkwan
Published: November 2019

We examine the labor market consequences of an extensive campaign repatriating around 400,000 Mexicans in 1929-34. To identify a causal effect, we instrument county level repatriations with the existence of a railway line to Mexico interacted with the size of the Mexican communities in 1910. Using individual linked data we find that Mexican repatriations reduced employment of native incumbent workers and resulted in their occupational downgrading. However, using a repeated cross section of county level data, we find attenuated and non-significant employment effects and amplified wage downgrading. We show that this is due to selective in- and out-migration of natives.
Zum Auftritt der Figur 'Professor' in Berufungsverfahren
Authors: Hamann Julian
Published: December 2019

The contribution discusses the casting and performance of the character 'a professor'. In contrast to other academic characters such as 'an author' or 'a colleague', the character 'professor' is embedded in the organizational context of the university. Going beyond an understanding of 'professor' as a mere status position, the contribution proceeds from an understanding of the 'professor' as a subject position with specific rights, duties and expectations towards it. Drawing on archived files of appointment procedures, the contribution examines the casting and performance of the subject position 'a professor'.
Aktivitas Antimalaria Daun Erythrina variegata
Authors: Herlina Tati , Supratman Unang , Subarnas Anas , Sutardjo Supriyatna , Abdullah Noor Rain
Published: December 2019

The leaves of Erythrina variegata (Leguminosae) used tradisional plant of an antimalarial. In the course of our continuing search for novel an antimalarial compound from Erythrina plants, the methanol extract of the leaves ofE. variegata showed significant antimalarial activity in vitro toward Plasmodium falciparum in vitro using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) method. The methanol extract of the leaves of E. variegata showed against bothstrains of parasite with IC50of 6.8 ?g/ml against K1 and > 60 ?g/ml against 3D7, respectively. The methanol extract of the leaves of E. variegata was separated by using bioassay-guide fractionation. The n-buthanol fraction yieldedthe most activity, exhibiting equipotency against both strains of parasite with IC50of 5.1 ?g/ml against K1 and 13.5 ?g/ml against 3D7, respectively. Furthermore, by using the antimalarial activity to follow separation, the n-buthanol fraction was separated by combination of column chromatography to yield an active compound. The active compound showed antimalarial activity against both strains of parasite used with IC50 of 4.3 ?g/ml against K1 and 23.5 ?g/ml against 3D7, respectively. Its inhibition of the resistant strain (K1) was also much better compared to its inhibition of the sensitive strain (3D7), indicated that the leaves of E. variegata to be potential as antimalarial agents, but its lower potency compared to artemisinin and chloroquin.
Uji parasitik Beberapa Spesies Jamur Tanah terhadap Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.) Secara In Vitro
Authors: Kalay A. Marthin , Natasasmita S , Suganda T , Simarmata T
Published: December 2019

Potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis Woll.) is an important plant pathogen on potatoes. The development of this nematode in soil could be controlled by using soil fungi. In vitro assay to determine the capacity of soil fungi Fusarium oxysporum TR1, F. solani TR2, F. oxysporum KT1, F. chlamydosporum KT2, F. oxysporum SM1, Paecilomyces lilacinus SM3, and F. chlamydosporum SM4 to parasite G. rostochiensis has been cariied out. The results showed that all of tested fungal species enable to reduce the number of living J2 out from the cyst. The highest J2 reduction, 67.48%, was evidence by using P. lilacinus.
Leaf Anatomy of Three Varians of Arundina graminifolia (D. Don.) Hochr
Authors: Sulistiarini Diah , Tihurua Eka Fatmawati
Published: December 2019

Three variations of Arundina graminifolia flowers have been recognized, (1) group of big flower with reddish violetlip and purplelish white sepals and petals (2) group of small flower with white lip and white sepals and petals (3)similar to second variation but with purple color on the lip apex. In order to clarify the taxonomy status of thosethree variations, a leaf anatomical study had been carried out. Results of this study showed that there were somedifferences among them in trichome shape and number mesophyll layers. Big flower group of Arundina hastrichome club shape and thick mucous in the apex with mesophyll layer 9-11; for small flower group has white lip,trichome club shape, thick mucous and granulate in the apex, but only 2 mesophyl layers; whereas for other smallflower group with purple lip has trichome cup shape and 10-13 layers of mesophyll. Based on the differences inflower size and their color variation, and combined with leaf anatomical study, we suggested the three variationsof A. graminifolia should be in separated groups.
Pengaruh Vitamin C terhadap Peningkatan Hemoglobin (Hb) Darah dan Kelulushidupan Benih Ikan Kerapu Bebek (Cromileptes altivelis)
Authors: Siregar Yusni Ikhwan , Adelina Adelina
Published: December 2019

This research was conducted from Maret until June 2008, in Big Hall of Development Marine Aquaculture Lampung.The research used experimental methodology, with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The aimed of research are toknow effects of vitamin C to increase a haemoglobin of blood and survival rate and measured effective C vitaminin prawn of humback grouper. The result showed that the highest haemoglobin rate of at PC (2 g/kg prawn), equalto 0,915 g/100 mL. The lowest haemoglobin found at treatment PA. equal to 0,066 g/100 mL. Result of variansianalysis indicate that addition of vitamin C at food give influence to increase the haemoglobin rate (P<0.05).Survival rate after experiment are 100 %. Parameter of water quality of were: temperature 29.3-30.2 oC, pH 7.81-8.27, salinitas 31-32 psu, DO 3,65-5 mg/L, and ammonia content (NH 3) 0.044-0.069 mg/1
Pola Resistensi Bakteri Penyebab Infeksi Saluran Kemih (ISK) Terhadap Antibakteri di Pekanbaru
Authors: Endriani Rita , Andrini Fauzia , Alfina Dona
Published: December 2019

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is caused by a variety of microorganism, but bacteries are more often. Antibacterial isthe empiric treatment for UTI. The antibacterial resistance pattern of UTI can be changed by the place and time.Urine culture test and sensitivity test will help us to choose the effective treatment. The purpose of this researchis to find out the pattern of UTI in Pekanbaru. Results of this research showed that UTI bacterial resistancy mostlyfound in Gram negative bacateria with penicillin and 1 st cephalosporin antibiotic.
Pembuatan Membran Polimer Elektrolit Berbasis Polistiren Akrilonitril (SAN) untuk Aplikasi Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Authors: Suka Irwan Ginting , Simanjuntak Wasinton , Dewi Eniya Listiani
Published: December 2019

In this study, electrolyte membranes based on polystyrene acrylonitrile (SAN) for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell applicationwere prepared. The preparation was carried out in two steps. The first step was introduction of additives, silicaand zeolite, as reinforcing agent on SAN, to obtain silica-reinforced SAN membrane, specified as SAN-Si, andzeolite-reinforced SAN membranae, specified as SAN-Z. The two reinforced membranes were then subjected tosulphonation using sulphuric acid, and the sulphonated membranes are specified as S-SAN-Si and S-SAN-Z,respectively. The characteristics of the membrane were described in terms of the degree of sulphonation, ionicconductivity, methanol permeability, and percentage of swelling in water and methanol. The results obtaineddemonstrated that additives result in significant reduction of methanol crossover, as reflected by lower values ofmethanol permeability than that obtained for the membrane without additive. It was also found that zeolite functionsrelatively better than silica. For zeolite-modified membrane (S-SAN-Z) the ionic conductivity of 10.05 x 10 -6 S/cmwas achieved. The membrane also marked by methanol permeability of 0.52 x 10 -6, percentage of swelling of 5.12%in water and 2.58% in methanol. Thermal analysis using DSC technique revealed changes in glass transition fromthe original sample, in which the glass transition of the original sample, SAN, (55 0C), sulphonated SAN, S-SAN,(83.360C), silica-modified membrane S-SAN-Si (79.860C), and zeolite-modified membrane S-SAN-Z (79.290C). Additionof additive was also found to influence the surface characteristics of the membranes as revealed by SEM analysis,in which the surface changed from smooth for the original sample into rough for the reinforced samples with bothadditives.
Genetic Diversity and The Relationship Between The Indonesian Mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana) and The Related Species Using Isozyme Markers
Authors: Sinaga Soaloon , Sobir Sobir , Poerwanto Roedhy , Aswidinnoor Hajrial , Duryadi Dedy
Published: December 2019

Indonesia was known to have high diversity of mangosteens (Garcinia mangostana) and the related species. Inorder to elucidate the genetics variability of the diversity, thirty three accessions were examined by using isozymeanalysis. The genetic diversity and relationships among several mangosteens and other Garcinia sp wereestablished by using four isozymes. The level of polymorphism as revealed by isoenzyme was 88%. Althoughmangosteen is believed to reproduce exclusively through apomixis, our result show that considerable geneticdiversity exists within G. mangostana and between other Garcinia species. Based on 27 bands there were 5-42%dissimilarity level among mangosteen accessions, while the other species has 75% dissimilarity. The dendrogramis built based on isozyme marker analysis to separate clusters of mangosteen and other Garcinia sp. The datashowed that G. mangostana is a close relative of G. malaccensis, G. porrecta, G. celebica, and G. hombroniana. Theconcurrence analysis on isozyme analysis result showed the very good fit of Rolf correlation value (0.914). Thisresult indicated that isozymes could group G.mangostana and the related species.
Retrieved Optical Thickness for Analyzing The Aerosol and Cloud Properties Using Lidar Remote Sensing
Authors: Dewang Syamsir
Published: December 2019

The lidar remote sensing is the one important application to observe the aerosol and cloud of the atmosphere. Themicropulse lidar (MPL) return signals were studied in the tropical area. In this investigation, the single scatteringis analyzed by the physical properties of aerosol and cloud. The signal simulation of the single scattering predictsthe maximum optical thickness by saturation. It was observed that saturation optical thickness from the lidarsignal depends on the variation of extinction coefficient. This simulation is compared by the optical thicknessestimation from the lidar data. The MPL data (at wavelength of 523 nm) was determined, and the sky radiometer (atwavelength 500 nm) was used as reference data. The maximum optical thickness of lidar was 2.6 at night time,and the maximum optical depth of lidar and sky radiometer data on the same day were 2.25 and 1.7, respectively.
Analisis Besi dalam Ekosistem Lamun dan Hubungannya dengan Sifat Fisikokimia Perairan Pantai Kabupaten Donggala
Authors: Tahril Tahril , Taba Paulina , Nafie Nursiah La , Noor Alfian
Published: December 2019

The objectives of the study are to describe the iron content of seagrass area ecosystem and its relation with nature of physico-chemical territorial water. The sampling of seagrass was conducted in purposive sampling technique for every status of the field and performed in three spots of the seagrass ecosystem region with reference to the depth of water and the current direction. Based on statistical tests of factorial and variance analysis indicate that the quality of physico-chemical territorial water in the coastal region of Donggala regency still very good, relatively. The result also showed, The Demand Oxygen and the turbidity gave a positive effect to Fe- seagrass improvement in its various association. Besides, the limiting factor for the low of Fe-seagrass is the height of salinity and water temperature. If the results were combined with another micro and macro mineral analysis will to become the basic for estimating the status of seagrass fertility.
Medium Term Conservation of Several Carnation Accessions Via in Vitro Culture
Authors: Budiarto Kurniawan , Marwoto Budi
Published: December 2019

Sufficient genetic diversity is important in carnation breeding program. In vivo conservation of carnation germplasmis considered inefficient due to some technical and economical aspects. In vitro conservation was then, expectedto overcome the limitation of in vivo method. The research was conducted to find out the proper media for medium-term in vitro conservation of several carnation accessions in low temperature storage. A complete factorialexperiment with 25 replications was designed to accomplish the combination of two factors. The first factor wassix commercial carnation cultivars, namely Pink Maladi, Orange Triumph, Opera, Tundra, Yellow Liberty and PradoReffit. The second factor was the conservation media i.e. 1⁄2MS + DMSO 3% and 1⁄2MS + 3% DMSO + 3% sucrose andcontrol (MS 0+3% sucrose). The results showed that in vitro conservation of carnation in low temperature weresuccessfully conducted using 1⁄2MS+3% DMSO and 1⁄2MS+3% DMSO+3% sucrose without significant variation in allaccessions tested up to 10 and 12 months respectively. The increase of death plantlets, however, was detected onthe media of 1⁄2MS+3% DMSO after 6 months storage with significant decrease in viability hereafter. The existenceof sucrose in DMSO media induced root formation and plantlet resistance to low temperature storage.
Matriks atas Aljabar Max-Plus Interval
Authors: Rudhito Marcellinus Andy , Wahyuni Sri , Suparwanto Ari , Susilo Frans
Published: December 2019

This paper aims to discuss the matrix algebra over interval max-plus algebra (interval matrix) and a method tosimplify the computation of the operation of them. This matrix algebra is an extension of matrix algebra over max-plus algebra and can be used to discuss the matrix algebra over fuzzy number max-plus algebra via its alpha-cut.The finding shows that the set of all interval matrices together with the max-plus scalar multiplication operationand max-plus addition is a semimodule. The set of all square matrices over max-plus algebra together with aninterval of max-plus addition operation and max-plus multiplication operation is a semiring idempotent. As reasoningfor the interval matrix operations can be performed through the corresponding matrix interval, because thatsemimodule set of all interval matrices is isomorphic with semimodule the set of corresponding interval matrix,and the semiring set of all square interval matrices is isomorphic with semiring the set of the correspondingsquare interval matrix.
Pengaruh Ukuran Embriozigot terhadap Regenerasi Beberapa Klon Kakao
Authors: Avivi Sholeh , Restanto Didik Pudji , Widyastuti Tri
Published: December 2019

This sesearch identified the responses of size of zygotic embryo of cocoa and to identify the responses of cocoaclone types toward ability to produce somatic embryo. The research was designed by Completely RandomizedFactorial Design within five replications. The first factors were the sizes of used explants, namely small (2-5 mm),average (6-9 mm) and big (10-15 mm). The second factors were cocoa clones, namely RCC 72, Sca 6, KW 162, KW163 and KW 165. The result showed that the best explant was the small size (2-5 mm) of cocoa zygotic embryo. Ithad significantly on number of rooting embryos and number of embryos with buds on rooting media. Clone RCC 72was the most responsive clone and could generate to be plantlet. Clone KW 165 performed the lowest response.
Pemurnian Emas dari Bijih Emas Berkadar Rendah Menggunakan Karbon Aktif dari Arang Tempurung Kelapa
Authors: Mulyasuryani Ani , Ismuyanto Bambang , Purwonugroho Danar
Published: December 2019

The activated carbon from the coconut shell can be used as an adsorbent for the recovery of gold. The optimum condition for gold recoverywas obtained at pH 3 (for adsorption) and pH 5 (for desorption) with 1 M thyocyanate solution and a 5 cm length of column (the mass ofactivated carbon is 20 grams). In this condition, the average gold recovery is 90.00%, silver 7.28% and copper 4.93%, that were used severalgold ore samples. The average purity degree of gold is 49.67%, depend on the concentration of gold, silver and copper in the gold oresample.
Analisis Efektifitas Tepung Jamur sebagai Larvasida Aedes aegypti
Authors: Yasmin Yekki , Fitri Lenni , Bustam Betty Mauliya
Published: December 2019

This research is about effectivity analysis of two kinds of fungi i.e. Beauveria bassiana and Metharrizium anisopliae as Aedes aegyptilarvacide, it has been conducted at laboratories Zoology in Biology Department, Mathematics and Natural Sciences Faculty, Syiah KualaUniversity. Aims of this research were estimating maximum time storage of fungi powder as effective larvacide and the number of bacteriacolonies were found in water used for experiment. This research was used Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The experiments consistof two factors i.e kind and saving time of fungi. The result show that the longer the storage time of Beauveria bassiana the more ineffectiveit was as larvacide and the least fungi colonies were found. Metharrizium anisopliae on the other hand, the longer it was kept, the moreeffective it was as larvacide and the more fungi colonies were found.
Keanekaragaman Teripang (Holothuroidea) di Perairan Bagian Timur Pantai Natuna Kepulauan Riau
Authors: Sukmiwati Mery , Salmah Siti , Ibrahim Sanusi , Handayani Dian , Purwati Pradina
Published: December 2019

This study was aimed to investigate diversity of sea cucumber. Samples were collected  in  the coastal  waters  of  Natuna,  Riau  Islands  in  June 2009. Samples were taken from 2 locations: Sepempang and Pengadah beach. Sampling was done by using a transect quadrant of 5x5 m. This  sampling and observation on  its  microhabitat  were conducted by snorkeling. Analyses on the sea cucumber community structure were based on its diversity, equitability, density and frequency of occurance. The result showed that at both  locations there  are 16  species from two families: Holothuriidae and  Stichopodidae.  The higher  diversity index  (H) was  3.256  and  equitability  index  (e) was 0.993.  The higher  density  of species were 0.0032 ind/m2. The higher frequency of occurance was 27.71% by H. atra.
Polimorfisme Penanda RAPD untuk Analisis Keragaman Genetik Pinusmerkusii di Hutan PendidikanUnhas
Authors: Gusmiaty Gusmiaty , Restu Muh. , Asrianny Asrianny , Larekeng Siti Halimah
Published: December 2019

The aims of Genetic study of pinus identified stand in Unhas Experimental Forest is to analyses of genetic characteristics of stand, based on RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) marker. The study was conducted in Biotechnology and Tree Breeding Laboratory, Forestry Faculty, Hasanuddin University. The method are DNA isolation, Primers selection and RAPD analyses. DNA analyses of Pine with ten RAPD marker showed number of alel varietied and polymorphic. Coefficient of similarity in population have number of 0.15-0.73.Highest genetic distance is 0.9630 and lowest genetic distance is 0.2698. Number of genetic diversity of Pine in Experimental Forest Hasanuddin University is 0,489 and categorized highly.
Produksi Asam Levulinat dari Inulin Umbi Dahlia (Dahlia sp. L) Menggunakan Katalis Asam Klorida
Authors: Murwindra Rosa , Linggawati Amilia , Yanti Pepi Helza , Awaluddin Amir , ' Saryono
Published: December 2019

Dahlia is a floriculture plant with tuber that rich of inulin. Inulin is soluble in hot water and it will settle on cool temperature in alcohol. Extraction of result from 100 g dahlia tuber taken from Bukittinggi, West Sumatra is 4% inulin (w/w dahlia tuber). Inulin flour produced is white gray. Qualitative tests with Seliwanoff and Nelson-Somogyi methods shows that inulin positive contained of fructose and reducing sugar. Extracted result of inulin can be converted into levulinic acid using acid catalyst at high temperature. In this experiment, production of levulinic acid will bundle with variate temperature, reaction time and catalyst concentration of hydrochloride acid. The reaction of inulin convertion was done in ampul that burned in oven. Conversion result of 5% inulin to be levulinic acid on heating 150 o C hydrochloride acid concentration 0,1 M about 25 minutes was 12,33% (w/w inulin). On heating 170 o C hydrochloride acid concentration 0,1 M about 15 minutes is 26,25% (w/w inulin), while on heating 150 o C hydrochloride acid concentration 1 M about 15 minutes is 32,28% (w/w inulin). Experiment result showed that concentration of glucose, levulinic acid and formiat acid increase with increasing in reaction reaction temperature while fructose concentration decrease from 55,14 mg/mL to be 0,12 mg/mL. The longer time reaction and the higher concentration of catalyst hydrochloride acid, the lower concentration of glucose and fructose and the larger concentration of levulinic acid and formic acid.
The Effect of Piracetam on Valproic Acid Induced Congenital Malformations in Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: Shrestha Shamsher , Singh M. , Mishra S.P.
Published: December 2019

Valproic acid (VPA) is an antiepileptic drug which is widely used in humans and is a well known teratogenic agent when used during pregnancy. Piracetam is a nootropic or cognitive enhancer drug used to treat cognitive impairment in aging, brain injuries as well as dementia. In the present study, these two drugs VPA and Piracetam were administered orally to Swiss albino mice in the doses of400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg body weight respectively from gestational day (GD) 6-11 in order to see the protective effect of Piracetam against VPA induced teratogenesis. The fetuses were collected on GD 18 after uterotomy and observed for gross malformations if any. In VPA treated group the malformations observed were exencephaly, cranioschisis, limb and tail defects, haemorrhage, resorptions and retardation. No such anomalies were observed in control and Piracetam treated groups. However,in VPA+ Piracetam treated group some resorptions and growth retardation were noted. This group showed highly significant (p < 0.001) protection against the teratogenic effects of VPA treated group though the developmental parameters were significantly reduced (p < 0.001) in comparison to those of group I (control) and group III (receiving piracetam). These findings suggest that Piracetam, if given in higher doses might protect the development in utero against the teratogenic effects of VPA.
Surgical Technique can Prevent Arm Lymphoedema After Level III Clearance for Breast Cancer
Authors: Ghosh Saurav Kumar , Burman D.R.
Published: December 2019

Clearance of the axillary tissue during operation is still the mainstay of treatment for node positive breast cancer. Level III axillary nodal clearance is supposed to increase the risk of lymph edema of arm, along with other factors. However, preservation of the fascia over the axillary vein during surgery reduces the risk of lymph edema greatly. In this study we measured the incidence of armlymphoedema that occured after Level III axillary clearance for breast cancer. During surgery, dissection over the anterior surface of axillary vein was limited to preserve the fascia covering axillaryvein. Other factors commonly implicated in the development of post-operative arm lymphoedema were also documented and their effect analysed. Forty three patients underwent operation for breast cancer including complete axillary clearance up to Level III. The incidence of lymphoedema was 25.5% (11 out of 43 patients). None of these patients had severe lymphoedema. On multivariate analysis, no other associated factors like BMI, chemotherapy and nodal metastases had any bearing on the development of lymph edema. We conclude that Level III axillary clearance of axilla is safe and not excessively morbid in terms of developing arm lymphoedema provided the fascia over axillary veinis preserved.
Variations of Renal Artery in Cadavers
Authors: Lama Chhiring Palmu , Pradhan A.
Published: December 2019

Each kidney is usually supplied by a single renal artery which is a lateral branch of abdominal aorta at the level of L1.The arteries supplying the kidneys show variation in the number, source and branching pattern which also include the presence of an accessory or additional and aberrant renal arteries. The additional renal artery towards the lower pole will cross the corresponding ureter and even cause ureteric obstruction. The segmental branches of renal and additional renal arteries are end arteries thus the accidental damage to these arteries can cause ischemia or necrosis and other pathological conditions. The main objective of this study was to note the variations of the arteries supplying the kidneys. An observational study was conducted on thirty kidneys of fifteen cadavers which included the kidneys of both sides. The study was conducted in Department of Anatomy of Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital during the period between July 2018 to June 2019 and the variations were recorded as (a) single main renal arteries were found in 80% specimens on both sides (b) early division of main renal arteries were found in 16.66 % on both sides (c) origin of main renal arteries were at higher level on left side in 16.66 % (d) presence of additional renal arteries were found in 20% on both sides. This study will be helpful to cryosurgeons and also to radiologists performing various interventional radiological procedures.
Correlating Spirometric Parameters with Breath-Holding Time and Maximum Chest Expansion in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Amatya Mrigendra , Pun D.B.
Published: December 2019

The spirometric measurements are very sensitive, accurate and reliable parameters, which have diagnostic as well as prognostic values. We aimed to find the reliability of two simple measurements, namely chest expansion and voluntary breath holding, which are often suggested as tools for screening and monitoring of respiratory diseases. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on students of Nepal Medical College. Measurements of spirometry (forced vital capacity, FVC in liter; forced expiratory volume in first second, FEV1 in liter; and peak expiratory flow rate, PEF in liter persecond), cirtometry (average of maximum chest expansion, CE in centimeter), and breath-holding time (maximum voluntary apnea at end-inspiration, MVAIT and maximum voluntary apnea at end expiration, MVAET in second) were performed. Degrees of correlation (Pearson’s r) were determined between different parameters; setting level of significance at 95%. Total 308 students (M=164, 53.25%;F=144, 46.75%) participated. Owing to very highly significant differences between males and females, gender-separate correlations were determined. In males, CE correlation was very highly significant (p=0.000) with FVC and FEV1 but not with PEF. MVAET correlated significantly with FVC, FEV1 and PEF; MVAIT correlation was not significant with any parameters. In females, CE correlation was significant with FVC and FEV1 but not with PEF; MVAET and MVAIT correlations were not significant with any of the parameters. In conclusion, the correlation of CE with different spirometric parameters is significant but not very strong (0.3<r<0.5). Also, gender differences exist. Therefore, using CE and breath-holding time may not be appropriate to assess respiratory ventilatory function.
POTENSI DAN PELUANG PENGEMBANGAN SENTRA PRODUKSI BAWANG MERAH PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Novita Desi , Asaad Muhammad , Rinanda Teja
Published: December 2019

Bawang merah memiliki peran strategis dalam perekonomian Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Bawang merah merupakan salah satu komoditas utama sebagai penyumbang inflasi. Namun demikian, Provinsi Sumatera Utara masih mengalami defisit bawang merah. Permintaan akan bawang merah akan terus meningkat dari waktu ke waktu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat perkembangan produksi bawang merah, mengindentifikasi sentra-sentra produksi bawang merah, serta menganalisis peluang investasi usahatani bawang merah di Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Data dalam penelitian ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode  deskriptif kuantitatif, metode Location Quotient (LQ), serta analisis finansial (RC Rasio, BC Rasio, BEP, dan analisis sensitivitas). Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dengan 35 sampel petani bawang merah dan data sekunder dari 33 kabupaten/kota. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas bawang merah tahun 2018 mencapai 7,83 ton/Ha dengan luas panen sebesar 2.086 Ha. Laju pertumbuhan produksi mencapai 5,48% per tahun dan laju pertumbuhan produktivitas -1,54% per tahun. Sentra produksi bawang merah meliputi kabupaten Dairi, Samosir, Toba Samosir, Humbang Hasudutan, Padang Lawas utara, Tapanuli Utara, serta Kabupaten Simalungun. Secara finansial, usahatani bawang merah menguntungkan. Pendapatan usahatani bawang merah Rp 72.116.667 per Ha, RC Rasio sebesar 2,30. BC Rasio 1,30. Harga titik impas dalam usahatani bawang merah mencapai Rp 7.384/Kg.
KINERJA LAPORAN KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH KABUPATEN DAN KOTA DI SUMATERA UTARA BERDASARKAN OPINI AUDIT
Authors: Panggabean Fitri Yani
Published: December 2019

The aims of the study is to explore the results of the audit opinion given by Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan on the local government financial statement in North Sumatra by using financial documents for the 2014 fiscal year. This research is a descriptive study which reveals the results of the auditor's opinion on the local government financial statement.  The research population is the object of local government in the province of North Sumatra in 2014 fiscal year. The research sample consisted of 33 local government financial statement documents in North Sumatra. The type of data used is secondary data. Based on the audit report conducted by the auditors from the audit findings of the local government financial statement in Nort Sumatra, the results such as the auditor’s opinion reasonable without any exception as many as 13 local government; the auditor’s opinion is unqualified with an explanatory paragraph consisting of two local governments; the auditor’s opinion is reasonable with the exception consisting of 15 local governments; the auditor’s opinion doen not provide an opinion consisting of three local govenrment. The findings obtained that the dominance of auditor opinion is reasonable with the exception, and there are three local governments with opinions not giving opinions. Consistenly with these findings, the regional government in North Sumatra must be able to improve and commit to transparency in the use of regional finances, so that the auditor's opinion in the future is better and more beneficial to the community.
THE USE OF ILLOCUTIONARY ACT IN “WONDER” MOVIE BY RJ. PALACIO
Authors: Putri Fitri Kharisma , Mariana Ana
Published: December 2019

Language is a core of communication and in pragmatics, it is analyzing the information about the development of language and knowledge of language in general and it is related with human language and its context. Pragmatics is concerned with the study of meaning that communicated with the speaker and interpreted by a listener. Context also holds the important rules and cannot be separated in learning pragmatics itself.  Therefore, to learn and understand the meaning and it’s context of spoken between speaker and hearer in an utterance, then learning the speech act and it’s parts is one of the important things. This research discusses the use of illocutionary acts in “Wonder” movie. The focus analysis on this research is not only on the main character but on the whole conversation from each character at the movie by classified it into five types by using John Searle’s (1975) theory. The data of illocutionary that appears on Wonder movie is analyzed by using the context situations to find out the flow of each utterance from the speaker and listener. Researcher used the Pragmatic Approach and speech act theory to find out the types of illocutionary act contained in Wonder movie. And, from the result of this analysis, it was found that there are 5 types of illocutionary acts that classified by Searle (1975) in Wonder movie, that known as Representatives or Assertive, Directives, Comissives, Expressive and Declaration.  Keywords: Movie / Film, Illocutionary, Pragmatic Approach.
THE STRUGGLE OF VICTORIAN WOM EN IN NOVEL “LITTLE WOMEN” BY LOUISA MAY ALCOTT
Authors: Rahman Cinda Amilia
Published: December 2019

This research discusses Louisa May Alcott’s novel, “Little Women”. It is a story about four sisters and mother in the March Family. The novel, which has a background in the Victorian Era, addresses many issues about women. The description of women at that time, positions in the Family, Education and Public work environment. Therefore this study aims to determine aspects of the struggle of women in Victorian era in terms of family, education, and Public work environment using a gynocriticism approach. The data used documentation data where data comes from novels and other supporting sources. The results of this study researchers found that there were aspects of women’s struggle at that time in the novel “Little Women” in Family, Education and Public work environment. In addition, researcher found a relation between the life story of author Louisa May Alcott and the “Little Women” novel that has been presented in some data.Keywords: Victorian Era, Gynocriticism, Louisa May Alcott, Little Women.
Multi-objective optimization of an intersecting elliptical pressure hull as a means of buckling pressure maximizing and weight minimization
Authors: Helal Mahmoud , Fathallah Elsayed
Published: December 2019

Pressure hulls are one of the keys in the design of submarines. In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of pressure hull structure, methods of optimizing it were studied. In the present study, an overview of the multi-objective optimization of intersecting cross elliptical pressure hulls (ICEPH) with and without the core layer under hydrostatic pressure was investigated in order to maximize buckling load capacity (λ) and minimize the buoyancy factor (B.F) of the ICEPH according to the design requirements. Five models were built, four composite models constructed from boron/epoxy (B(4)/5505) and carbon/epoxy composite (USN-150) with and without core layer. The fifth is a reference metallic model constructed from HY100. Criteria regarding failure for both composite and metal shells are considered as indications of optimization. Both Tsai-Wu and maximum stress failure criteria were employed to check the composite failure. The modeling and the multi-objective optimization were performed using ANSYS parametric design language (APDL) in order to determine mass, critical buckling load, and failure criteria. The results illustrated that carbon fiber-epoxy composite (USN-150) with a core layer is preferred for obtaining minimum weight, with an improvement ratio (IR) 64.314 % superior to that of a metallic pressure hull. By contrast, (boron/epoxy B(4)/5505) without a core layer is preferred to obtain a maximum buckling load.
CULINARY RECOMMENDATION APPLICATION BASED ON USER PREFERENCES USING FUZZY TOPSIS
Authors: Effendy Faried , Barry Nuqoba  , Taufik
Published: December 2019

Culinary tourism is the experience of finding and enjoying unique and impressive food and drinks in a new region. Each region has a unique food flavor and can be the right choice for culinary tourists who want to try new experiences regarding taste. Differences in tourist preferences in choosing culinary regions sometimes become obstacles in finding a suitable place. Price, distance, facilities, menu variations, and halalness are some of the things that tourists consider in choosing culinary locations. Therefore, it is essential to accommodate tourist preferences to produce appropriate recommendations because the characteristics of tourists in determining their favorite culinary places are very subjective and varied. This study aims to develop a culinary recommendation system based on user preferences using Fuzzy TOPSIS as a recommendation method. Ten criteria can be selected, and their weight value determined by the user. The final result of the recommendation system is an alternative culinary location ranking and map location, along with detailed culinary location information. Result evaluation shows that the system is suitable and useful for users. This study proposes some new criteria that have not been used in other research.
ABSTRAK: Pelancongan masakan merupakan pengalaman mencari dan menikmati makanan dan minuman yang unik dan menarik di sesebuah daerah. Setiap daerah mempunyai rasa unik makanan dan boleh menjadi pilihan tepat untuk pelancong yang ingin mencuba pengalaman baru mengenai rasa. Perbezaan pilihan pelancong dalam memilih tempat masakan kadang-kadang menjadi halangan dalam mencari tempat sesuai. Harga, jarak, kemudahan, variasi menu, dan makanan halal merupakan beberapa faktor yang dilihat pelancong dalam memilih lokasi kulinari. Oleh itu, sokongan cadangan untuk pelancong membuat pilihan adalah penting kerana pilihan makanan adalah sangat subjektif dan berbeza-beza. Kajian ini bertujuan bagi membangunkan sistem cadangan masakan mengikut pilihan pengguna dengan menggunakan kaedah Fuzzy TOPSIS. Sepuluh kriteria boleh dipilih mengikut keutamaan. Matlamat akhir sistem ini adalah sebagai pilihan lain bagi pilihan lokasi makanan dan lokasi peta bersama maklumat terperinci lokasi masakan. Keputusan menunjukkan sistem ini sesuai dan berguna untuk pengguna. Kajian ini mencadangkan beberapa kriteria baru yang tidak digunakan oleh penyelidik lain.
A REVIEW OF ROAD EMBANKMENT STABILITY ON SOFT GROUND: PROBLEMS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Che Mamat Rufaizal , Kasa Anuar , Mohd Razali Siti Fatin
Published: December 2019

This paper presents an exhaustive review of the challenges faced in the construction of road embankments on soft ground and proposes a direction for future development. Frequently used techniques for soft ground improvement are discussed. The factors that contribute to the stability of the road embankment are reviewed by approach, results of past studies, and historical cases. The findings show that settlement, slope stability, and soil bearing capacity are all challenges to constructing the road embankment. Additionally, it is found that geometric data is a key factor in embankment design. Pre-loading with prefabricated vertical drain (PVDs) methods and lightweight fill were found to be widely used techniques in soft ground improvement. The information from this study can be used to develop design guidance systems, numerical modelling, and to give an overview and knowledge to other researchers who are or will conduct research in this field. Finally, future perspectives for research are related to predictions of factors that affect the stability of road embankment with an artificial intelligence approach.
ABSTRAK: Kertas ini membentangkan ulasan kajian menyeluruh mengenai cabaran yang dihadapi dalam pembinaan benteng jalanraya di atas tanah lembut dan mencadangkan ke arah pembangunan kajian masa depan. Teknik-teknik penambahbaikan tanah lembut yang sering digunakan turut dibincangkan. Faktor- faktor yang menyumbang kepada kestabilan benteng jalanraya diulas dengan pendekatan kepada kajian lepas dan sejarah kes. Hasil kajian ini didapati bahawa enapan, kestabilan cerun dan keupayaan galas tanah merupakan cabaran dalam pembinaan benteng jalanraya. Selain itu, ia didapati bahawa data geometri merupakan faktor penting kepada rekabentuk benteng. Kaedah pra pembebanan dengan prefabrikasi saliran menegak (PVDs) dan isian ringan didapati teknik yang popular digunakan dalam pembaikkan tanah lembut masa kini. Maklumat dari kajian ini boleh digunakan untuk membangunkan sistem panduan reka bentuk, pemodelan berangka serta memberi gambaran dan ilmu kepada penyelidik lain yang sedang  atau akan menjalankan kajian dalam bidang ini. Akhir sekali, perspektif masa depan untuk penyelidikan berkaitan ramalan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kestabilan embankment jalanraya dengan pendekatan kepintaran buatan.
Tics and Tumors, A Case Report of Babesiosis and IgG4 Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
Authors: Adashek Michael , Mannuel Heather , Adashek Michael , Burley Nicholas
Published: December 2019

Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare fibroinflammatory tumor of the retroperitoneum thought to be due to either idiopathic disease or related to underlying malignancy. Recently idiopathic RPF has been reclassified as an immune mediated IgG-4 related disease. When left unchecked, RPF often progresses, leading to compression of retroperitoneal structures and complete ureteral obstruction. Babesiosis is an intraerythrocytic parasitic disease that has demonstrated an in vitro association with increased IgG-4 levels. Both diseases are insidious, presenting with symptoms commonly identified as a viral prodrome, including malaise and fatigue. Within we present a case of a 68-year-old African American farmer with recent tick exposure who presented with symptoms of malaise, weight loss, elevated creatinine and new retroperitoneal mass. Serum testing revealed recent Babesiosis exposure, and biopsy revealed new onset retroperitoneal fibrosis. Once treated for babesiosis, the patient’s disease ceased its progression, and he remains on treatment with tamoxifen and stable disease. Further research of the in vivo association of babesiosis and IgG-4 related disease is needed.