bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Macroeconomic Determinants of Household Debt in OECD Countries
Authors: Dumitrescu Bogdan Andrei , Enciu Adrian , Hândoreanu Cătălina Adriana , Obreja Carmen , Blaga Florin
Published: March 2022

This article investigates the macroeconomic determinants of household debt in developed economies using a sample comprising 26 OECD countries for the period of 2002q1–2020q4. By resorting to the unconditional quantile regression, we find relevant asymmetries in the response of household debt. According to our results, economic growth leads to lower household debt, but the beneficial effect decreases as the level of household debt increases. Inflation lowers household borrowing only if the level of debt is high. Higher house prices lead to higher household debt, with the impact becoming stronger as the level of debt is higher. Investments go hand in hand with household debt, and higher investments lead to higher levels of borrowing, even when household debt is already high. Mortgage credit interest rates are positively linked with household debt, starting with higher debt levels. A rising unemployment rate leads to lower household debt, but the link becomes weaker as the level of debt increases. Higher public expenditures are generally associated with lower household debt. In addition, we find that household debt exhibits very powerful autoregressive behavior, being difficult to reduce rapidly in the case of need.
Regression-Based Methods for Daily Peak Load Forecasting in South Korea
Authors: Lee Geun-Cheol
Published: March 2022

This study examines the daily peak load forecasting problem in South Korea. This problem has become increasingly important due to the continually changing energy environment. As such, it has been studied by many researchers over the decades. South Korea is geographically located such that it experiences four distinct seasons. Seasonal changes are among the main factors affecting electricity demand. In addition, much of the electricity consumption in a strong manufacturing country like South Korea is driven by industry rather than by residential customers. In order to forecast daily peak loads of South Korea, in this study we proposed multiple linear regression-based methods where several season-specific regression models (i.e., summer, winter, and all-season models) were included. The most appropriate model among the three models was selected considering the characteristics of the electricity demand, and was then applied to daily forecasting. The performance of the proposed methods were evaluated through computational experiments. Forecasts obtained by the proposed methods were compared with those obtained by existing forecasting methods, including a machine learning method. The results showed that the proposed methods had mean absolute percentage errors around 1.95% and outperformed all benchmarks.
Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Leisure among the Youth of Spain
Authors: Lazcano Idurre , Doistua Joseba , Madariaga Aurora
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly transformed the lives of millions, including young people, who are in a vital stage during which leisure has had a preponderant role in their lifestyles, characterized by the search for experiences outside the family environment and forms of leisure dependent on friendships as a source for well-being (physical, cognitive, social, and emotional). This article explores how leisure becomes a form of negotiation among social needs, normative demands, and a particular crisis. It analyzes the transformations of leisure of young Spanish university students during confinement and the new normality. The sample is made up of 1066 young undergraduate university students between 17 and 25 years old residing in Spain. The quantitative findings revealed that (1) young people now value their leisure more than before the pandemic; (2) young people have transformed their leisure time and feel that their leisure has not been the same and will not be the same again; (3) the pandemic has especially affected their routines, relationships with friends, and psychological well-being; (4) they perceive that society has treated young people unfairly in relation to their leisure. The findings show the need to develop leisure policies and programs that address the short- and medium-term effects and transformations caused by COVID-19 on youth leisure.
Education for Sustainable Development in Educating Cities: Towards a Transformative Approach from Informal and Non-Formal Education
Authors: Essomba Miquel Àngel , Lleonart Pilar , Alfonso Laura , Bin Hye
Published: March 2022

This paper summarizes the main findings of research on education for sustainable development (ESD) at the international level. The context of the research regards educating cities, or local administrations committed to education through all their policies with the purpose of transforming their territories through a human rights approach. The research’s goal is to explore to what extent educating cities are capable of coping with the three ESD challenges faced today: the gap between policy and practice, the lack of a transformative approach and the hegemony of formal education. To do so, we selected three educating cities with an important background on ESD—Barcelona, Changwon and Rosario—and we implemented a case study method. A detailed analysis of all the data obtained reveals that educating cities are suitable frameworks to overcome the current ESD challenges. Their ESD initiatives count on a significant impact on citizenship, by promoting interdisciplinary, intersectorial and participatory processes mainly in informal education settings. Further research needs to be developed in order to draw a broader analysis.
The Han River Development: Planning the Riverfront as Seoul’s Natural Landmark
Authors: Yun Jieheerah
Published: March 2022

This paper analyzes the history of the development of the riverfront of the Han River, the river that runs east-to-west in Seoul. In many scholarly works, the development of a commercial leisure district on the one hand, and local uses such as low-cost housing on the other, have formed two opposing waterfront spatial imaginaries. However, it is questionable whether these two visions are applicable to many metropolitan riverfront developments. The historical absence of an industrial port and the focus on the traffic flow in the Han River have contributed to the linear development of the waterfront area. After analyzing archival data and ethnographical interviews, this paper argues that this idiosyncrasy of the Han River waterfront should not be regarded as either underutilization or underdevelopment. Rather, it should be considered as reflecting the unique urban conditions of Seoul, including the legacy of the Cold War, the wide breadth of the river, and the relatively late expansion of the city south of the river. By situating the Han River development in the context of increasing criticism against the copy-and-paste waterfront developments elsewhere, this paper argues the consideration of “place” needs to include a historical dimension as past spatial practices have the tendency to continue to the present even after new developments are established.
Learn in Order to Innovate: An Exploration of Individual and Team Learning as Antecedents of Innovative Work Behaviours in Ghanaian Technical Universities
Authors: Atatsi Eli Ayawo , Curșeu Petru L. , Stoffers Jol , Kil Ad
Published: March 2022

Ghanaian higher education is continuously transforming, and teachers are constantly encouraged to innovate and change. We test a mediated-moderation model that assesses interplays among individual learning (IL), team learning (TL), gender, and innovative work behaviours (IWB) in a sample of 487 lecturers from six technical universities in Ghana. Results suggest that team learning mediates the influence of individual learning on IWB, and gender moderates the remaining direct association between individual learning and IWB such that individual learning appears conducive to IWB among men but not women. This study encourages focusing on team learning to drive knowledge-sharing within and across faculties to generate sustainable innovative outcomes, and it points to ways in which higher education managers and human resources practitioners can invest in human resources to enhance IWB and, subsequently, performance in higher education.
ELM-Based Non-Singular Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control Strategy for Vehicle Platoon
Authors: Wang Chengmei , Du Yuchuan
Published: March 2022

Vehicle platoon is one of the innovations in the automated highway systems, which has the potential to reduce fuel consumption, alleviate traffic congestion and lighten the driver’s burden. How to control the vehicle effectively to ensure the stability of the queue is a challenge. Aiming to overcome the shortcomings of the platoon control method based on traditional sliding mode control, a non-singular terminal sliding mode control method optimized by the extreme learning machine is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the vehicle longitudinal dynamics are derived from the analysis of the forces acting on the vehicle in the longitudinal direction. A constant time headway policy is taken as the spacing policy. The modified non-singular terminal sliding mode control method has outstanding performance, simulation results demonstrate that the following vehicles can rapidly track the trajectory of the leading vehicle in the platoon with less spacing error and guarantee string stability. In this study, several experiments are set up to consider the disturbance and other uncertain practical factors. The performance of the proposed method is superior to the traditional sliding mode control method. Experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly reduce chattering and has good robustness under the circumstances of the disturbance.
Ecopolitana: A Plan of Cities, Territory, Landscape, and Ecology
Authors: Del Fabbro Machado Luca , Venudo Adriano , Altobelli Alfredo , Bertuzzi Jennifer , Zampieri Francesca , Gatti Angela
Published: March 2022

A national green planning strategy has recently been introduced in the Italian urban planning sector, aimed at making all local initiatives undertaken nationwide consistent with each other. At a regional level, Friuli Venezia-Giulia has recently implemented a Landscaping Plan, which is of an urban planning and ecological nature at an intermediate level between national and local. This article describes the local green plan of Latisana, which has been titled Ecopolitana, given that it represents the experimental phase, at a regional level, of the possibilities offered by landscape planning and design. Specifically, it outlines the multi-disciplinary approach used, demonstrating how landscape planning can be compared to the sustainable development of cities, with specific regard to the agricultural sector. In this regard, a low-intensity cropping model is also suggested, based on the principles of agroecology and landscape ecology, which has already been implemented in the historical rural landscape of Plasencis (UD) and investigated through GIS analysis and remote sensing processes. Its aim is to be the starting point for the achievement of the goals set in the 2030 Agenda, especially Goals 13 (climate action) and 15 (life on land), given the current scarcity of agroecological infrastructures in the area of Latisana (UD) and the high percentage of soil used for intensive cropping.
Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Zooplankton Communities as Ecological Indicators in Urban Wetlands of Argentina
Authors: Arias María Julieta , Vaschetto Pablo Andrés , Marchese Mercedes , Regaldo Luciana , Gagneten Ana María
Published: March 2022

Urban aquatic ecosystems are important sources of fresh water for multiple uses, but often receive a point or diffuse anthropic contamination. Benthic and zooplankton invertebrates are sensitive to water quality, being good indicators of ecosystem health. In this study, the composition and structure of benthic and zooplankton communities and environmental variables were analyzed seasonally in six urban wetlands of Santa Fe City (Argentina). We present the effect of water quality on both communities as bioindicators of ecological conditions, using different community attributes, functional feeding groups, and biotic indices. For the benthic community, the Macroinvertebrate Index for Pampean Rivers (IMRP) and the Benthic Community Index (BCI) were selected. For the zooplankton community, abundance of rotifers/abundance of total zooplankters, microcrustaceans/total zooplankters, cladocerans/total zooplankters, and macrozooplankton/microzooplankton ratios were applied. A functional feeding groups (FFGs) classification, adapted from the literature, is proposed for zooplankters. The urban wetlands showed a gradient from the most to the least disturbed sites. Some benthic and zooplankton species were identified as excellent bioindicators of pollution, and the FFGs and biotic indices revealed the ecological condition of each urban wetland. The present study contributes to the enhancement of management practices in urban landscapes aiming to maintain ecosystem services in sustainable cities.
A Study on the Influence of Rail Top Smoke Exhaust and Tunnel Smoke Exhaust on Subway Fire Smoke Control
Authors: Dong Sihui , Wang Kang , Jia Chenxu
Published: March 2022

The special emergency plan for subway fires in China stipulates that when a fire occurs at a train stop, it is necessary to confirm whether the fire mode of the tunnel ventilation system is implemented. Because of the setting mode of tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust in the station track area, the smoke exhaust at the rail top and tunnel cannot operate at the same time. To study the influence of rail top smoke exhaust and tunnel smoke exhaust on subway fire smoke control when a train stops at a station, we take an island station as an example. A 1:1 full-scale numerical model is established to study the smoke spread area, temperature field distribution, and carbon monoxide concentration. The results show that when a train fire occurs in a subway station, the rail top smoke exhaust mode has the best smoke exhaust effect compared with the other three smoke exhaust modes. In this mode, the smoke diffusion in the carriage is the slowest and the available escape time of personnel is the longest. Therefore, it is recommended to adopt the rail top smoke exhaust mode in case of train fire in the subway station; that is, open the smoke exhaust outlet on the rail top for smoke exhaust, and organize personnel to evacuate to the safe position of the platform through the connecting channel and escape exit. If conditions permit, local small fans can also be added to meet the requirements of smoke exhaust. The research results can provide guidance for the emergency plan and provide strong support for promoting the improvement of the fire emergency plan.
Using Thermal Monitoring and Fibre Optic Measurements to Verify Numerical Models, Soil Parameters and to Determine the Impact of the Implemented Investment on Neighbouring Structures
Authors: Popielski Paweł , Kasprzak Adam , Bednarz Bartosz
Published: March 2022

Numerical modelling using Finite Element Method (FEM) is currently a standard procedure for engineering complex structures and determining structure–subsoil cooperation conditions. It is used for, among others, forecasting displacements, which are the calculation results most easily verified. Numerical modelling is also used to identify the impact on neighbouring structures and design a monitoring system and determine expected values, e.g., displacements. A numerical model enables one to optimally design the monitoring system for a facility under construction and the neighbouring structures through selecting a measurement technology, matching the scope of obtained results or choosing sensor and measurement point locations. The implemented monitoring may be based on various technologies, from thermal monitoring, laser scanning, fibre optic measurements, to classic surveying measurements. The walls must protect the soil from excessive displacement and protect the excavation against groundwater inflow. If the wall is not watertight, deepening the excavation may cause a sudden water inflow. Leak and erosion process thermal monitoring is a proven leak detection method. It is based on the tests utilizing heat and water transfer process relations, which are coupled processes. Another tool for verifying numerical models is the installation of DFOS (Distributed Fibre Optic Sensors) at the stage of executing structural elements (e.g., diaphragm walls, barrettes, foundation slab). It allows one to permanently monitor both temperature and displacements during element execution (concrete curing), and following facility construction and operation stages. The paper presents methods for designing selected monitoring elements of engineering objects, based on calculations using the Finite Element Method. The verification of numerical models, based on data obtained from DFOS, classic surveying measurements and thermal monitoring, is also presented.
“For More Diversity, Better Taste and My Own Health” Exploring Organic Consumers’ Purchasing Motives for Heirloom Vegetable Varieties
Authors: Lauterbach Josephine , Bantle Christina
Published: March 2022

Agrobiodiversity is the foundation of our ecosystems and food supply. However, agrobiodiversity is declining rapidly. A prominent strategy to safeguard endangered varieties, an important component of agrobiodiversity, is their cultivation and preservation in their natural environments. In order to make the cultivation of these varieties attractive to farmers, a functioning value chain and communication concepts for these goods have to be developed. Using heirloom vegetable varieties as an example, we examine existing communication approaches for endangered varieties and evaluate their suitability to transport their added value to organic consumers. We furthermore examine organic consumers’ purchasing motives to buy heirloom vegetable varieties. We collected data in three focus group discussions in Berlin (Germany) in 2018. This exploratory study shows that existing communication approaches for heirloom vegetable varieties strongly appeal to altruistic and biospheric purchasing motives. However, our results suggest that egoistic and hedonic purchasing motives are just as important to organic consumers. Hence, existing communication approaches for heirloom vegetable varieties, including the “Red List of Endangered Local Crops”, are not entirely suitable to communicate the added value of biodiversity-enhancing products to consumers. Based on these results, we will develop a holistic communication scheme for heirloom vegetable varieties for organic supermarkets and further distribution channels in Germany.
Encryption Techniques for Smart Systems Data Security Offloaded to the Cloud
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad Bilal , Qureshi Muhammad Shuaib , Tahir Saqib , Anwar Aamir , Hussain Saddam , Uddin Mueen , Chen Chin-Ling
Published: March 2022

With technological advancement, cloud computing paradigms are gaining massive popularity in the ever-changing technological advancement. The main objective of the cloud computing system is to provide on-demand storage and computing resources to the users on the pay-per-use policy. It allows small businesses to use top-notch infrastructure at low expense. However, due to the cloud resource sharing property, data privacy and security are significant concerns and barriers for smart systems to constantly transfer generated data to the cloud computing resources, which a third-party provider manages. Many encryption techniques have been proposed to cope with data security issues. In this paper, different existing data protection and encryption techniques based on common parameters have been critically analyzed and their workflows are graphically presented. This survey aims to collect existing data encryption techniques widely presented in the literature for smart system data security offloaded to the cloud computing systems under a single umbrella.
Solution of the 1D KPZ Equation by Explicit Methods
Authors: Sayfidinov Okhunjon , Bognár Gabriella , Kovács Endre
Published: March 2022

The Kardar–Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation is examined using the recently published leapfrog–hopscotch (LH) method as well as the most standard forward time centered space (FTCS) scheme and the Heun method. The methods are verified by reproducing an analytical solution. The performance of each method is then compared by calculating the average and the maximum differences among the results and displaying the runtimes. Numerical tests show that due to the special symmetry in the time–space discretisation, the new LH method clearly outperforms the other two methods. In addition, we discuss the effect of different parameters on the solutions.
Drug Resistance Mechanism of M46I-Mutation-Induced Saquinavir Resistance in HIV-1 Protease Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Binding Energy Calculation
Authors: Rana Nilottam , Singh Atul Kumar , Shuaib Mohd , Gupta Sanjay , Habiballah Mahmoud M. , Alkhanani Mustfa F. , Haque Shafiul , Reshi Mohd Salim , Kumar Shashank
Published: March 2022

Drug-resistance-associated mutation in essential proteins of the viral life cycle is a major concern in anti-retroviral therapy. M46I, a non-active site mutation in HIV-1 protease has been clinically associated with saquinavir resistance in HIV patients. A 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and MM-PBSA calculations were performed to study the molecular mechanism of M46I-mutation-based saquinavir resistance. In order to acquire deeper insight into the drug-resistance mechanism, the flap curling, closed/semi-open/open conformations, and active site compactness were studied. The M46I mutation significantly affects the energetics and conformational stability of HIV-1 protease in terms of RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA, and hydrogen formation potential. This mutation significantly decreased van der Waals interaction and binding free energy (∆G) in the M46I–saquinavir complex and induced inward flap curling and a wider opening of the flaps for most of the MD simulation period. The predominant open conformation was reduced, but inward flap curling/active site compactness was increased in the presence of saquinavir in M46I HIV-1 protease. In conclusion, the M46I mutation induced structural dynamics changes that weaken the protease grip on saquinavir without distorting the active site of the protein. The produced information may be utilized for the discovery of inhibitor(s) against drug-resistant HIV-1 protease.
SARS-CoV-2 Infects Human ACE2-Negative Endothelial Cells through an αvβ3 Integrin-Mediated Endocytosis Even in the Presence of Vaccine-Elicited Neutralizing Antibodies
Authors: Bugatti Antonella , Filippini Federica , Bardelli Marta , Zani Alberto , Chiodelli Paola , Messali Serena , Caruso Arnaldo , Caccuri Francesca
Published: March 2022

Integrins represent a gateway of entry for many viruses and the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif is the smallest sequence necessary for proteins to bind integrins. All Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Virus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lineages own an RGD motif (aa 403–405) in their receptor binding domain (RBD). We recently showed that SARS-CoV-2 gains access into primary human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HL-mECs) lacking Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression through this conserved RGD motif. Following its entry, SARS-CoV-2 remodels cell phenotype and promotes angiogenesis in the absence of productive viral replication. Here, we highlight the αvβ3 integrin as the main molecule responsible for SARS-CoV-2 infection of HL-mECs via a clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Indeed, pretreatment of virus with αvβ3 integrin or pretreatment of cells with a monoclonal antibody against αvβ3 integrin was found to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 entry into HL-mECs. Surprisingly, the anti-Spike antibodies evoked by vaccination were neither able to impair Spike/integrin interaction nor to prevent SARS-CoV-2 entry into HL-mECs. Our data highlight the RGD motif in the Spike protein as a functional constraint aimed to maintain the interaction of the viral envelope with integrins. At the same time, our evidences call for the need of intervention strategies aimed to neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 integrin-mediated infection of ACE2-negative cells in the vaccine era.
Construction of a Recombinant Japanese Encephalitis Virus with a Hemagglutinin-Tagged NS2A: A Model for an Analysis of Biological Characteristics and Functions of NS2A during Viral Infection
Authors: Ma Xiaochun , Li Chenxi , Xia Qiqi , Zhang Yan , Yang Yang , Wahaab Abdul , Liu Ke , Li Zongjie , Li Beibei , Qiu Yafeng , Wei Jianchao , Ma Zhiyong
Published: March 2022

Nonstructural protein 2A (NS2A) of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) contributes to viral replication and pathogenesis; however, a lack of NS2A-specific antibodies restricts studies on the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we constructed a recombinant JEV with a hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged NS2A (JEV-HA/NS2A/∆NS1’) to overcome this challenge. An HA-tag was fused to the N-terminus of NS2A (HA-NS2A) at the intergenic junction between NS1 and NS2A. A peptide linker, “FNG”, was added to the N-terminus of HA-tag to ensure correct cleavage between the C-terminus of NS1 and the N-terminus of HA-NS2A. To avoid the side effects of an unwanted NS1’ tagged with HA (HA-NS1’), an alanine-to-proline (A30P) substitution was introduced at residue 30 of NS2A to abolish HA-NS1’ production. The HA-tag insertion and A30P substitution were stably present in JEV-HA/NS2A/∆NS1’ after six passages and did not exhibit any significant effects on viral replication and plaque morphology. Taking advantage of HA-NS2A, we examined the activities of NS2A during JEV infection in vitro using anti-HA antibodies. NS2A was observed to be localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and interact with viral NS2B and NS3 during virus infection. These data suggest that JEV-HA/NS2A/∆NS1’ can serve as a model for the analysis of the biological characteristics and functions of NS2A in vitro during JEV infection.
Kinetics of the Equid Herpesvirus 2 and 5 Infections among Mares and Foals from Three Polish National Studs
Authors: Stasiak Karol , Dunowska Magdalena , Rola Jerzy
Published: March 2022

Equid herpesvirus 2 (EHV-2) and 5 (EHV-5) are two γ-herpesviruses that are commonly detected from horses worldwide, based on several cross-sectional molecular surveys. Comparatively few studies examined the dynamics of γ-herpesvirus infection over time in a group of horses. The aim of the current study was to investigate the dynamics of EHV-2/5 infections among mares and their foals at three Polish national studs with different breeds of horses: Arabians, Thoroughbreds and Polish Konik horses. Nasal swabs were collected from each of 38 mare-foal pairs monthly for a period of 6 to 8 months. Virus-specific quantitative PCR assays were used to determine the viral load of EHV-2 and EHV-5 in each sample. All 76 horses sampled were positive for EHV-2 or EHV-5 on at least one sampling occasion. The majority (73/76, 96%) were infected with both EHV-2 and EHV-5. In general, the mean load of viral DNA was higher in samples from foals than from mares, but similar for EHV-2 and EHV-5 at most sampling occasions. There was, however, a considerable variability in the viral DNA load between samples collected at different times from the same foal, as well as between samples from different foals. The latter was more apparent for EHV-2 than for EHV-5. All foals became infected with both viruses early in life, before weaning, and remained positive on all, or most, subsequent samplings. The virus shedding by mares was more intermittent, indicating the existence of age-related differences. Overall, the data presented extend our knowledge of EHV-2/5 epidemiology among mares and foals.
Experimental and Numerical Study on Ice Blockage Performance of Propeller in Cavitation Flow
Authors: Zhou Li , Zheng Sijie , Diao Feng , Ding Shifeng , Gao Junliang
Published: March 2022

Cavitation greatly affects the ice blockage performance of propellers in polar areas, while the combined effect of cavitation and ice blockage on propellers has rarely been considered. In this work, the propeller model test in the cavitation tunnel and the viscous flow CFD numerical simulation based on RANS were conducted. In the cavitation tunnel test, the ice blockage model was simulated by a water-insoluble rectangular solid block, and the ice blockage was measured by the distance between the solid block and the propeller. The thrust and torque in tests and simulations were discussed under the uniform flow and ice blockage scenarios, as well as the variation of cavitation excitation force, pressure distribution of blades, cavitation characteristics and vortex intensity with advance coefficient when σn = 1.5, L/D = 0.15 in an ice blockage environment. The research shows that the numerical simulation results based on overlapping grids are in good agreement with the model test results, and the mean hydrodynamic errors are within 5%. In the uniform flow test, when the advance coefficient is small, the thrust and torque of the propeller will experience a sharp drop due to the influence of heavy cavitation. In the ice blockage test, the thrust and torque increase with the decrease of ice-propeller spacing, and the ice blockage becomes more serious as the cavitation grows. The propeller oscillates violently due to the cavitation excitation force, and the oscillation frequency increases with the increase of the advance coefficient. The cavitation is generated in the low-pressure area of the suction surface, and the cavitation shape captured in the present numerical simulation is consistent with the experimental phenomenon. Since the cavitation reduces the contact area between the water and the blade, the vortex strength will be reduced for the attachment of cavitation, and the vortex strength increases with the increase of the advance coefficient. This study will explore more hydrodynamic regularities with ice-class propellers in an ice blockage environment when cavitation occurrs, and provide technical support for the design of propellers of polar ships.
Investigating the Linkage between Extreme Rainstorms and Concurrent Synoptic Features: A Case Study in Henan, Central China
Authors: Lang Yu , Jiang Ze , Wu Xia
Published: March 2022

Extraordinary floods are linked with heavy rainstorm systems. Among various systems, their synoptic features can be quite different. The understanding of extreme rainstorms by their causative processes may assist in flood frequency analysis and support the evaluation of any changes in flood occurrence and magnitudes. This paper aims to identify the most dominant meteorological factors for extreme rainstorms, using the ERA5 hourly reanalysis dataset in Henan, central China as a case study. Past 72 h extreme precipitation events are investigated, and six potential factors are considered in this study, including precipitable water (PW), the average temperature (Tavg) of and the temperature difference (Tdiff) between the value at 850 hPa and 500 hPa, relative humidity (RH), convective available potential energy (CAPE), and vertical wind velocity (Wind). The drivers of each event and the dominant factor at a given location are identified using the proposed metrics based on the cumulative distribution function (CDF). In Henan, central China, Wind and PW are dominant factors in summer, while CAPE and Wind are highly related factors in winter. For Zhengzhou city particularly, Wind is the key driver for summer extreme rainstorms, while CAPE plays a key role in winter extreme precipitation events. It indicates that the strong transport of water vapor in summer and atmospheric instability in winter should receive more attention from the managers and planners of water resources. On the contrary, temperature-related factors have the least contribution to the occurrence of extreme events in the study area. The analysis of dominant factors can provide insights for further flood estimations and forecasts.
Radon and Salinity Mass Balance Constraints on Groundwater Recharge on a Semi-Arid Island (Catalina, California)
Authors: Hagedorn Benjamin , Tsuda Mitsuyo
Published: March 2022

Quantifying the freshwater component of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is critical in the analysis of terrestrial influences on marine ecosystems and in assessing the water budget and groundwater recharge of coastal aquifers. In semi-arid to arid settings, this quantification is difficult because low SGD rates translate into low concentrations of groundwater solutes in coastal waters. In this study, fresh SGD (FSGD) was quantified for Toyon Bay on Catalina Island, California, for wet and dry seasons using a combination of radon and salinity mass balance models, and the results were compared to watershed-specific groundwater recharge rates obtained from soil water balance (SWB) modeling. Calculated FSGD rates vary only slightly with season and are remarkably similar to the recharge estimates from the SWB model. While sensitivity analyses revealed FSGD estimates to be significantly influenced by uncertainties in geochemical variability of the groundwater end-member and fluctuations of water depth, the results of this study support the SWB-model-based recharge rates. The findings of this study highlight the utility of the radon-and-salinity-mass-balance-based FSGD estimates as groundwater recharge calibration targets, which may aid in establishing more refined sustainable groundwater yields.
The Environmental Impacts of Fast Fashion on Water Quality: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bailey Kerrice , Basu Aman , Sharma Sapna
Published: March 2022

The fashion industry is the second most polluting industry, contributing 8% of all carbon emissions and 20% of all global wastewater, with an anticipated 50% increase in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. To gain a better understanding of the state of the academic literature on the environmental impacts of the fast fashion industry, we systematically identified 65 publications from 1996 to November 2021 that were subjected to (i) bibliometric, (ii) text, and (iii) content analysis. We found that there is a growing research interest surrounding fast fashion and water quality, with 74% of the articles published in the last 5 years, and the majority of publications and citations are from China and European countries. We summarise the evaluation of production processes, such as carbon and water footprints, along with recycling practices aimed to increase the sustainability of the fashion industry. Circular economy, social environmental responsibility, and sustainability governance are key areas for future research in this growing field.
A Hybrid Data-Driven-Agent-Based Modelling Framework for Water Distribution Systems Contamination Response during COVID-19
Authors: Kadinski Leonid , Salcedo Camilo , Boccelli Dominic L. , Berglund Emily , Ostfeld Avi
Published: March 2022

Contamination events in water distribution systems (WDSs) are highly dangerous events in very vulnerable infrastructure where a quick response by water utility managers is indispensable. Various studies have explored methods to respond to water events and a variety of models have been developed to simulate the consequences and the reactions of all stakeholders involved. This study proposes a novel contamination response and recovery methodology using machine learning and knowledge of the topology and hydraulics of a water network inside of an agent-based model (ABM). An artificial neural network (ANN) is trained to predict the possible source of the contamination in the network, and the knowledge of the WDS and the possible flow directions throughout a demand pattern is utilized to verify that prediction. The utility manager agent can place mobile sensor equipment to trace the contamination spread after identifying the source to identify endangered and safe places in the water network and communicate that information to the consumer agents through water advisories. The contamination status of the network is continuously updated, and the consumers reaction and decision making are determined by a fuzzy logic system considering their social background, recent stress factors based on findings throughout the COVID-19 pandemic and their location in the network. The results indicate that the ANN-based support tool, paired with knowledge of the network, provides a promising support tool for utility managers to identify the source of a possible water event. The optimization of the ANN and the methodology led to accuracies up to 80%, depending on the number of sensors and the prediction types. Furthermore, the specified water advisories according to the mobile sensor placement provide the consumer agents with information on the contamination spread and urges them to seek for help or support less.
The development of artificial intelligence in the digital economy
Authors: Bryntsev A.
Published: March 2022

In the article, the author highlights the development of the country's digital economy based on the use of artificial intelligence (AI), general artificial intelligence. The growth potential of the high-tech sector in the context of economic sanctions is shown. An analysis of the modern legal framework is given, which determines the strategy for the implementation of AI, and the economic essence of the conceptual apparatus that describes various types of artificial intelligence is revealed. The variants of practical application of artificial intelligence expert systems in Russia are considered.
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF THE FUTURE FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHER FOR SELF-REGULATION OF PEDAGOGICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: STRYZHAK Y.
Published: March 2022

he study is characterized the essence of the development of self-regulation of pedagogical activities as a basis for successful professional training of future foreign language teachers. An attempt to clarify the nature of self-regulation of pedagogical activities of future foreign language teachers made it possible to establish the reason for the functioning of structural elements of the formation of self-regulation during the training of future foreign language teachers.

The modern period in the life of Ukraine is characterized by deep, intense and multifaceted transformations, which are manifested in all spheres of society. In connection with the restructuring of the world system in Ukraine, increasing the level of psychological and pedagogical support for professional training, the relevance of the study of the problem of self-regulation of future professionals is growing significantly. Therefore, for specialists dealing with learning problems, pedagogical research is becoming increasingly important, which addresses the problems of self-regulation of pedagogical activities.

Analysis and study of various aspects of educational and pedagogical activities of future foreign language teachers allowed us to conclude that self-regulation of pedagogical activities is an important condition for professional training of future foreign language teachers.

Professional preparation for self-regulation of pedagogical activity of a future foreign language teacher is a problem of formation and preservation of his professionalism, enrichment of personal, creative, intellectual potential. Therefore, the state of psychophysical health and intellectual development of the young generation depends on the acquired skills of self-regulation of pedagogical activity of the future foreign language teacher.
Interim Geologic Map of the Peterson Quadrangle, Davis and Morgan Counties, Utah
Authors: King Jon K. , McDonald Greg N.
Published: March 2022

The Peterson quadrangle is located southeast of Ogden, Utah. The major geographic features in and near the map area are Morgan Valley, the northern Wasatch Range to the west, Durst Mountain to the east, the Weber River in Morgan Valley, and lower Weber Canyon cut into the Wasatch Range by the river.
Vogt – Kоyanagi – Harada Syndrome. Case Report
Authors: Коновалова Н.В. , Храменко Н.И. , Гузун О.В. , Слободяник С.Б. , Ковтун А.В. , Юрченко Л.А.
Published: March 2022

В статье представлены результаты наблюдения и клинический анализ синдрома Фогта – Коянаги – Харада. Приведен краткий обзор литературы по данному заболеванию. Эффективное и своевременное лечение высокими дозами кортикостероидов в сочетании с противовирусными препаратами инозин пранобекс от 4 г до 1000 мг в сутки на протяжении 6 месяцев в сочетании с электрофорезом офлоксацина и индометацина позволило добиться купирования воспалительного процесса и сохранить пациенту высокие зрительные функции.

The article presents the results of observation and clinical analysis of the case of Vogt – Kоyanagi – Harada syndrome. A brief review of the literature on this disease is given. A brief review of the literature on this disease is given. Effective and timely treatment with high doses of corticosteroids in combination with antiviral drugs inosine pranobex from 4 g to 1000 mg per day for 6 months in combination with electrophoresis of ofloxacin and indometacinum allowed to stop the inflammatory process and maintain high visual functions for the patient.
The Problem of Cardiotoxicity in the Treatment of Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Ковш Е.В. , Кладченко И.С. , Павлова О.С.
Published: March 2022

Литературный обзор посвящен проблеме кардиотоксичности, которая является независимым фактором риска развития и прогрессирования сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний при проведении противоопухолевой терапии у пациентов с первично-операбельным раком молочной железы. В представленном обзоре изложены современные подходы к диагностике кардиотоксичности с применением новых визуализирующих технологий в сочетании с высокочувствительными лабораторными методами с целью своевременной кардиопротекции у пациентов с комплексным лечением рака молочной железы.

The review is devoted the problem of cardiotoxicity as an independent risk factor of development and progression of cardiovascular diseases during antitumor therapy in patients with primary operable breast cancer. This review contains modern approaches to the diagnosis of cardiotoxicity using new imaging technologies in combination with highly sensitive laboratory methods with the goal of early cardioprotection in patients with complex treatment of breast cancer.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism and COVID-19: Place for Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: Трисветова Е.Л.
Published: March 2022

Тромбоэмболия легочной артерии является распространенным осложнением многих состояний и заболеваний и относится к частым причинам смерти. При поражении нижних дыхательных путей в период пандемии COVID-19 у пациентов диагностируют тромбоэмболию легочной артерии, механизмы которой полностью не раскрыты. Назначение антикоагулянтной терапии снижает риск смерти при венозном тромбоэмболизме, обусловленном разными факторами. Результаты клинических исследований доказали эффективность и безопасность применения как препаратов первой линии новых оральных антикоагулянтов. Ривароксабан относится к наиболее изученным препаратам, фармакокинетические свойства которых и предсказуемые эффекты обосновывают применение в разных клинических условиях.

Pulmonary thromboembolism is a common complication of many conditions and diseases, and a common cause of death. If the lower respiratory tract is affected during the COVID-19 pandemic, patients are diagnosed with pulmonary thromboembolism, the mechanisms of which are not fully disclosed. Prescribing anticoagulant therapy reduces the risk of death in venous thromboembolism due to various factors. The results of clinical trials proved the effectiveness and safety of the use of new oral anticoagulants as first-line drugs. Rivaroxaban is one of the most studied drugs, the pharmacokinetic properties and predictable effects of which justify its use in different clinical conditions.
Oseltamivir: Use in Influenza
Authors: Кардаш О.Ф.
Published: March 2022

В статье представлены обзорные данные эффективности и безопасности применения осельтамивира в клинической практике, полученные в рандомизированных клинических плацебо-контролируемых исследованиях среди пациентов невысокого риска с неосложненным лабораторно подтвержденным гриппом и в наблюдательных исследованиях госпитализированных пациентов, а также приведены результаты систематических обзоров и метаанализов исследований эффективности и безопасности применения осельтамивира. Показано преимущество назначения ингибитора нейраминидазы осельтамивира при гриппе, заключающееся в значительном снижении тяжести и продолжительности заболевания, а также вторичных осложнений у детей, пожилых пациентов и пациентов высокого риска. Подчеркнута возможность достижения большего клинического эффекта при раннем (в течение 612 часов от момента появления клинических симптомов) начале лечения осельтамивиром. Отмечена его эффективность в профилактике гриппа А и В, а также хорошая переносимость и безопасность.

The article presents nonsystematic review of the experience of oseltamivir use in clinical practice gained from randomized, placebo-controlled trials among low-risk patients with uncomplicated laboratory-confirmed influenza and in observational studies of hospitalized patients, as well as the results of systematic reviews and meta-analyzes of efficacy and safety of oseltamivir use. The advantage of oseltamivir use in influenza is shown to be a significant reduction in the severity and duration of the disease, as well as a decrease in the risk of secondary complications in children, elderly patients and other high-risk patients. It was emphasized that initiation of therapy with oseltamivir within the first 6-12 h after fever onset had more pronounced clinical effect. It was noted safety and efficacy of oseltamivir use for the prevention of A and B influenza. Also it was demonstrated good tolerance and safety of its use.
Exit, Voice and Loyalty:
Authors: Pisciotta Barbara
Published: March 2022

The paper examines the evolution of Eastern and Central European party systems to the emergent division between pro-EU and Eurosceptic forces and puts forward a revised view of the traditional centre-periphery cleavage in six countries: Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Bulgaria and Romania. The first part discusses the Rokkan spatial approach, the second develops a revised view of centre-periphery cleavage in relation to space at the regional level, and the third analyzes party competition in terms of Europeism and Euroscepticism in Eastern and Central European party systems
sociedades y la polarización:
Authors: Martuccelli Danilo
Published: March 2022

El artículo defiende la tesis del advenimiento progresivo de un nuevo momento de las polarizaciones societales. Propone el debilitamiento de la importancia de las polarizaciones ideológicas a favor del fortalecimiento y expansión de polarizaciones basadas en convicciones personales. Para argumentarlo, primero evoca algunos de los grandes procesos de polarización propiamente ideológica que se dieron en el pasado (o que se dan en la actualidad) con el fin de diferenciarlos del otro tipo de polarizaciones propuesto. En su segunda parte, centrándose en el período actual, el artículo explora la naturaleza específica de las polarizaciones contemporáneas en torno a las convicciones, explicitando sus orígenes estructurales, así como sus principales manifestaciones y consecuencias.
Antes y después del Cordobazo:
Authors: Tcach César
Published: March 2022

El presente artículo se orienta a demostrar que la insurrección obrera y popular ocurrida en Córdoba en mayo de 1969 -conocida como el Cordobazo- marcó un punto de inflexión en la radicalización de las prácticas de los actores políticos y sociales en Argentina. Se sostiene, asimismo, que esa radicalización tuvo un carácter policéntrico: se manifestó en las más diversas organizaciones, en sus liderazgos y en las propias instituciones estatales. Involucró a sectores populares de los cuales emergieron potentes organizaciones armadas, pero también a las clases dominantes. El pluralismo negativo y la inestabilidad política crónica predominante en Argentina desde 1955 distaba de constituir el terreno propicio para el triunfo de formas de hacer política superadoras del dilema del prisionero.