bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UM MODELO PRÁTICO DE REVISÃO TARIFÁRIA PARA OS PORTOS PÚBLICOS
Authors: Monteiro Sandro José , Mello Fabiane Santos de
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho propõe um modelo de aplicação prática das determinações da Agência Nacional de Transportes Aquaviários - ANTAQ, quando regulamentou, por meio da Resolução Normativa nº 32, de 2019, o procedimento de reajuste e revisão tarifária dos portos públicos brasileiros. Traz também elementos teóricos e analíticos de equilíbrio econômico-financeiro baseados em custos médios apropriados em cada modalidade tarifária. Contém ainda um modelo matemático-financeiro completo, contemplando um estudo de caso numérico, hipotético e geral, servindo de ponto de partida para todos os demais casos concretos.
A judicialização de medicamentos sem registro na ANVISA e o posicionamento do Supremo Tribunal Federal para a solução da problemática
Authors: Brustolin Alessandra , DONIZETTE MACHADO EDINILSON , CALDERON-VALENCIA FELIPE
Published: May 2021

Ainda que não exista um consenso sobre as causas da judicialização da saúde, estudos recentes apontam de forma incisiva que o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) pode estar criando obstáculos para a sua solução. As demandas relacionadas a medicamento ocupam lugar de destaque no cenário da judicialização e, especialmente aquelas que envolvem o requerimento ou concessão de fármacos sem registro perante a ANVISA, têm sido objeto de discussão. Nesse sentido, o estudo analisa criticamente o direito à saúde constitucionalmente estabelecido, a postura adotada pelo STF nesses casos e as suas repercussões no cenário de saúde. Constatou-se que o posicionamento da Corte revela incongruências, o que repercute diretamente em questões orçamentárias relacionadas ao financiamento com políticas e serviços de saúde. Os métodos utilizados foram o dedutivo e a análise de caso de Robert Yin.
MATURİDİ’DE KALBİN YARATILIŞ HİKMETİ
Authors: ORAL Osman
Published: May 2021

İmam Mâtürîdî’ye (ö. 333/944) göre biyolojik kalp beden için çok önemli olduğu gibi ruhanî kalp de sağlıklı yaşayabilmesi için değerlidir. Kalp eylemlerinin sebep ve sonuçlarını iyi bir şekilde bilen, iyi ve güzel eylemlerle bulunursa hem dünyada hem de âhirette mutlu ve huzurlu bir şekilde yaşayabilir. Dini-ahlâki yaşayışların merkezi “iman yatağı” olan ruhani kalp cebrî/determinist görüşlerin aksine iyi-kötü hallerini kendi özgür iradesinin seçimiyle hazırlar, sorumluluğu üstlenir. Allah’ın kulundan istediği râzı olduğu kalp; selim, temiz, münip, sekîne, ürperen ve mutmain kalp halleridir. Bu tür kalpler; Allah anılınca yani emirlerini yapmada yasaklarından kaçınmada sorumluluğunu bilir. İçindeki güzel inançlar, dışarıya sevgi, merhamet, hoşgörü ve güzellik olarak çıkar. Kalbin yaratılmasının hikmeti; ilimlerle güzellik, mutluluk, huzurlu yaşayabilme, Allah’ı isim, fiil ve sıfatlarıyla tanıma, onu sevme ve onun istediği şekilde kulluktur. İşlevsel aklı, hakikati sorgulamayı, ilmi, tefekkürü ve psikososyal eylemleri önemseyen Mâtürîdî’nin bu önerileri ve görüşleri, günümüz inanç ve ahlâkî problemlere çözümler olarak görülebilir.
Solid-Truss to Shell Numerical Homogenization of Prefabricated Composite Slabs
Authors: Staszak Natalia , Garbowski Tomasz , Szymczak-Graczyk Anna
Published: May 2021

The need for quick and easy deflection calculations of various prefabricated slabs causes that simplified procedures and numerical tools are used more and more often. Modelling of full 3D finite element (FE) geometry of such plates is not only uneconomical but often requires the use of complex software and advanced numerical knowledge. Therefore, numerical homogenization is an excellent tool, which can be easily employed to simplify a model, especially when accurate modelling is not necessary. Homogenization allows for simplifying a computational model and replacing a complicated composite structure with a homogeneous plate. Here, a numerical homogenization method based on strain energy equivalence is derived. Using the method proposed, the structure of the prefabricated concrete slabs reinforced with steel spatial trusses is homogenized to a single plate element with an effective stiffness. There is a complete equivalence between the full 3D FE model built with solid elements combined with truss structural elements and the simplified homogenized plate FE model. The method allows for the correct homogenization of any complex composite structures made of both solid and structural elements, without the need to perform advanced numerical analyses. The only requirement is a correctly formulated stiffness matrix of a representative volume element (RVE) and appropriate formulation of the transformation between kinematic constrains on RVE boundary and generalized strains.
Preparation of Indium-Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles with Diverse Morphologies: Photocatalytic and Cytotoxicity Study
Authors: Almofty Sarah Ameen , Nawaz Muhammad , Akhtar Sultan , Qureshi Faiza , Nissapatron Veeranoot
Published: May 2021

This paper reports the synthesis, photocatalytic and cytotoxicity potential of indium doped cadmium sulfide (In2S3-CdS) nanoparticles prepared by solvothermal (product a) and hydrothermal routes (product b). In2S3-CdS nanoparticles obtained by solvothermal route (product a) indicated spherical morphology while product b obtained by hydrothermal route showed hexagonal morphology with average size 100 nm. In2S3-CdS nanoparticles was identified and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and UV-vis spectrophotometer, whereas the surface area of In2S3-CdS nanoparticles was studied by BET analyzer. The as obtained In2S3-CdS nanoparticles (product a and b) were found to be efficient photocatalysts for the degradation of rhodamine B. The In2S3-CdS also revealed more cytotoxicity activity against HCT 116 (Human colon colorectal tumor) cell line as compared with MCF-7 (Breast cancer cell line). Our results indicate that In2S3-CdS is good photocatalyst. This method can also be employed to design other semiconductors with applications not only in the field of photocatalysis but other fields as well.
Gold-conjugated Nanobodies for Targeted Imaging using High-resolution Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Agüi-Gonzalez Paola , Dankovich Tal M. , Opazo Felipe , Rizzoli Silvio O. , Phan Nhu T.N.
Published: May 2021

Nanoscale imaging with the ability to identify cellular organelles and protein complexes has been a highly challenging subject in secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) of biological samples. This is because only a few isotopic tags can be used successfully to target specific proteins or organelles. To address this, we have generated gold-nanoprobes, in which gold nanoparticles are conjugated to nanobodies. The nanoprobes were well suited for specific molecular imaging using NanoSIMS at subcellular resolution. They demonstrated to be highly selective to different proteins of interest, and sufficiently sensitive for SIMS detection. The nanoprobes offer the possibility of correlating the investigation of cellular isotopic turnover to the positions of specific proteins and organelles, thereby enabling an understanding of functional and structural relations that are currently obscure.
Influence of Gender Diversity on Organization Performance at Kenya Urban Roads Authority
Authors: Nang’oni Wesang’ula Salome , Kembu Appolonius Shitiabai
Published: May 2021

Kenya’s social-economic development blueprint as anchored by vision 2030 envisages growth in the public sector as the hub to its realization. The sector’s infrastructure industry is to quadruple its contribution to GDP. In line with this concern, this study’s investigation focused on the influence on the influence of gender diversity on organization performance at the Kenya Urban Roads Authority. The study was conducted at Kenya Urban Roads Authority Headquarters, in Nairobi and the target population was all categories of employees of KURA. The study adopted a descriptive research design. Stratified random sampling was used. The population of the study was 150 and the sample size was 30% of the population which translated to 45 respondents. In order to collect data, structured questionnaires were issued to respondents. A pilot test was conducted to ascertain the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, a pretest and pilot survey was conducted. Statistical analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 24) to calculate descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, and correlation and regression analysis. The findings were presented using tables and figures. The correlation findings demonstrated weak but positive and significant effects of age and education diversity on organization performance. The effect of gender diversity on organizational performance was weak, positive but not significant. The multiple regression results showed that gender diversity accounts for up to 41.3% of the variation in organizational performance of KURA. As a result, the study recommends the HR department of KURA to enhance gender diversity in the organization through practices such as providing opportunities for growth and advancement for women, having a career development that includes women, structuring the training and development program to meet the criteria/ requirement of the male and female gender, involving women in the decision-making process as much as men and ensuring that employees are positive about gender diversity.
A 15-Year Report on the Uneven Distribution of Women in Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Training Programs in the United States
Authors: Van Heest Ann E. , Agel Julie , Samora Julie Balch
Published: May 2021

Background:

This study was undertaken to update reports from 2004 to 2005 through 2008 to 2009, and 2009 to 2010 through 2013 to 2014, including 5 additional years of GME Track data. Our hypothesis is there have been no significant changes during the past 5 years in the distribution of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited orthopaedics residency programs that train female residents, compared with the previous 10 years.

Methods:

Data for ACGME-accredited orthopaedics residency training programs in the United States were analyzed for 5 consecutive academic years (2014-2015 through 2018-2019). Programs were classified as having no women, 1 woman, 2 women, or greater than 2 women in training. Programs were analyzed for percentage of female residents and classified as having above the national average (>20%), similar to the national average (between 10 and 20%), or below the national average (<10%).

Results:

Analysis of the original 5 years (2004-2009) compared with the most recent data (2014-2019) demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in the number of programs training women (p < 0.001). From 2004 to 2009 to 2014 to 2019, the absolute number and percent of female trainees have increased (p < 0.001). Similar analysis of the middle 5 years (2009-2014) compared with the most recent 5 years (2014-2019) did not demonstrate a statistically significant change (p = 0.12). From 2014 to 2019, residency programs in the United States continue to train women at unequal rates: 37 programs had no female trainees, while 53 programs had >20% female trainees during at least one of these 5 years.

Conclusions:

Female medical students continue to pursue orthopaedics at rates lagging behind all other surgical specialties. Not all residency programs train women at equal rates. If the rate of training of female residents over the past 15 years were projected over time, we would not achieve 30% women within orthopaedics residency training programs until approximately 2060.

Level of Evidence:

III.
Comparing Functions, Costs, and Rewards of Quality Engineers and Six Sigma
Black Belts

Authors: Short C. Grant , Badar M. Affan , Kluse Christopher J. , Schafer Marion D.
Published: May 2021

The respective American Society for Quality (ASQ) Bodies of Knowledge (BoKs) for
Certified Quality Engineers (ASQ, 2015a) and Certified Six Sigma Black Belts (ASQ,
2015b) are quite similar; yet anecdotally six sigma black belts are recognized and
rewarded more highly than are quality engineers. While qualityengineering work is
considered preventive in nature, work performed by six sigma black belts is in the realm
of improvement, hence reactive. Thus, a dichotomy exists in that preventive actions,
which are less costly, are not rewarded as well as costlier reactive actions. The intent
of this research was to confirm or debunk the anecdotal evidence and determine the root
causes therefrom. The results confirm the anecdotal evidence and indicate the need for
further research. In addition, the results confirm the use of the Kano Model as
applicable to the cause for rewarding this dichotomy.
When urban stormwater meets high groundwater
Authors: Thompson Sally , Shanafield Margaret , Manero Ana , Claydon Greg
Published: May 2021

New land releases in the Perth Region on Western Australia’s Swan Coastal Plain are increasingly constrained by seasonally high groundwater (within 4m of the land surface). The measurement, modelling, and management of the effects of urbanisation in these high groundwater environments remains a challenging problem. To address this problem, the Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities (CRWSC) funded the “Knowledge-based water sensitive city solutions for groundwater impacted developments” Integrated Research Project, IRP5. In 2019, this project convened an Expert Panel to assess best-practice, and make recommendations to land development, engineering consulting, regulatory and advisory stakeholders. The Expert Panel explored strategies for groundwater risk assessment and provided technical guidance for measuring, modelling and predicting changes in groundwater as urbanisation progresses. It also obtained extensive input from stakeholders on the need to reduce the costs and risks of urban development in sites with high groundwater. In this paper, we argue that, by integrating technical best-practice groundwater assessments with design innovations and reforms to governance, urban development on high groundwater sites on the Swan Coastal Plain can minimise the current reliance on large volumes of sand fill. Although challenging, shifting to a low-fill development paradigm would represent a triple-bottom-line “win” for developers, homeowners and the environment.
Space- and time-varying associations between Bangladesh's seasonal rainfall and large-scale climate oscillations
Authors: Mahmud Khalid , Chen Chia-Jeng
Published: May 2021

Understanding teleconnections of a region's climate can be beneficial to seasonal outlooks and hydro-climate services. This study aims at analyzing the teleconnections of seasonal rainfall over Bangladesh with selected climate indices, including El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) indices. Rainfall data spanning from 1965–2017 in the seven hydrological regions are used to derive three seasonal rains, namely the pre-monsoon (March–May), monsoon (June–September), and post-monsoon (October and November) rains, for correlation- and wavelet coherence (WC)-based teleconnection analyses. Among the three seasonal rains, the post-monsoon rain shows the negative correlations, strongest with the IOD and ENSO indices. Correlations between the pre-monsoon/monsoon rain and climate indices are subject to notable spatial and temporal variations. For instance, correlations between the pre-monsoon (monsoon) rain in the South Central (South West) region and the IOD (ENSO) index shift from negative to positive after the 1980s, whereas the comprehensive negative correlations of the post-monsoon rain with the IOD and ENSO indices further enhanced from the early to recent epochs. WC analysis not only corroborates the findings of correlation analysis at shorter time scales (e.g., 1–4 years), but also reveals significant coherence at longer time scales (e.g., 8–16 years). We find that the pre-monsoon and monsoon rains experience the phase change in WC from shorter to longer scales. In contrast, the post-monsoon rain shows the consistent anti-phase WC, more dominant at the longer time scale. Both correlation and WC analyses indicate that the association patterns of the PDO mimic those of ENSO. Lastly, the analysis results of the AMO suggest quite distinct and significant association between Bangladesh's rainfall and the Atlantic Ocean.
Different Driving Factors for Potential Activity of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea and Bacteria in Coastal Wetlands
Authors: zhu Xianfang , Wang Chen , Tang Shuangyu , Ji Guodong
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to evaluate which environmental factors and genetic groups were important in explaining measured activity of Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB), which play important roles in global nitrogen cycle, providing a new insight into the mechanism of archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidation. We sampled 62 soil/sediment samples from coastal wetlands of the Bohai area of China and assessed the abundance of functional genes involved in the nitrogen cycle, soil/sediment characteristics and the potential activity of AOA (PAOA) and AOB (PAOB) using specific inhibitors. At last, we introduced the structure equation model (SEM) to infer direct and indirect effects of variables on potential activities. The results indicated that the change in AOA-amoA gene abundance may be more independent, while AOB-amoA was closely associated with the change in abundance of amx and denitrifier. PAOA was mainly defined by AOA-amoA abundance and partially influenced by the norA gene, suggesting coupling of archaeal ammonia oxidation with nitrite oxidation. PAOB was significantly defined by the abundance of amx and denitrifier, indirectly mediated by AOB-amoA. The activity of AOA seemed to be more independent of other microbial activities, while the activity of AOB varied closely with fluctuations of other microbial species. PAOA was mediated directly by the C/N ratio and indirectly by nitrite concentration and TOC value, while PAOB was mediated directly by ammonium concentration and TOC value and indirectly by C/N ratio. The activity of AOB may be determined by several other functional gene groups and had little correlation with AOB abundance while the activity of AOA was mostly controlled by itself.
MiR-26b-5p-Modified hUB-MSCs Derived Exosomes Attenuate Early Brain Injury During Subarachnoid Hemorrhage via MAT2A-Mediated the p38 MAPK/STAT3 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Zunwei , Wang Bo , Guo Qihang
Published: May 2021

Early brain injury (EBI) is a major cause of adverse outcomes following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). There is evidence that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) - derived exosomes are involved in the repair of SAH. Exosomes were extracted from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hubMSCs) and identified. OxyHb treated PC12 cells were transfected with exosomes alone or together with miR-26b-5p inhibitor. Hub-MSCs derived exosomes promote cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis and reduce inflammatory mediator expression. Transfection of miR-26b-5p inhibitor abolished the promoting effect of exosomes on the proliferation of PC12 cells, as well as the inhibitory effect on cell apoptosis. In addition, methionine adenosyltransferase II alpha (MAT2A) was one target gene of miR-26b-5p. OxyHb treated PC12 cells were transfected with exosomes alone or together with pcDNA-MAT2A and observed that the promoting effect of exosomes on PC12 cell proliferation was abolished by pcDNA-MAT2A, which was the same as the effect of miR-26b-5p inhibitor. OxyHb treated PC12 cells incubated with exosomes were transfected with miR-26b-5p inhibitor alone or together with si-MAT2A, respectively, and it was observed that exosomes decreased the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK and STAT3 proteins, inhibited cell apoptosis and inflammatory mediator expression, and miR-26b-5p inhibitor abrogated the effects of exosomes, while transfection of si-MAT2A reversed the effects of miR-26b-5p inhibitor. Moreover, injection of miR-26b-5p inhibitor resulted in increased MAT2A and pathway protein expression, increased inflammatory mediators, and aggravated neurological symptoms in the brain tissues of SAH rats.
Tendency of Internet Search Data of Oral Neoplasms and Impact of Public Health Programs in European Union
Authors: LAN Romain , CAMPANA Fabrice , TARDIVO Delphine , CATHERINE Jean-Hugues , VERGNES Jean-Noel , HADJ-SAID Mehdi
Published: May 2021

Background: Tobacco and alcohol are the main risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma, the low survival rate of which is a public health problem. European-wide health policies (prevention campaign, tobacco packaging) have been put in place to inform the population of the risks associated with their consumption. Due to the increase in smoking among women and changes in sexual practices, the incidence of this disease is still too high. The identification of data from internet research on the population could make it possible to measure the impact and better orient these preventive measures.The objective was to analyse the data on interest shown in oral cancers from several online databases, and to cross-reference them with the data on the introduction of European public health programs.Methods: A search of data from Google ©, Wikipedia © and Twitter © users in 28 European countries relating to oral cancer between 2004 and 2019 was carried out. Bibliometric analysis of press and scientific articles over the same period was also analysed. The association between these data and the introduction of public health programs in Europe has been studied.Results: Changes in tobacco packaging correlated with a significant increase in internet research on oral cancer in 7 countries. Unlike national policies and campaigns, the European awareness program Make Sense has had no influence on internet research. There was an asymmetric correlation in internet searches between publications on oral cancer from scientific articles or "traditional" media (weak association) and those from internet media such as Twitter © or Wikipedia © (strong association).Conclusion: Our work highlights 7 areas of work around which oral cancer awareness in Europe could be refocused.
Establishment and Evaluation of a "Two-Hit" Mouse Model of Sepsis
Authors: Li Fei , Wu Chuanxin , He Jiahui , Zhang Jie , Chen Ying , Li Shuhua , Li Li , Sun Hang
Published: May 2021

In recent years, researchers have turned their attention to the study of the mechanism of sepsis-induced immuneparalysis, but there is still a lack of appropriate animal models that reflect the process of sepsis-induced immuneparalysis. The purpose of this study was to explore and evaluate whether a "two-hit" model of sepsis can be used as an appropriate animal model to study the mechanism of sepsis-induced immunoparalysis. Firstly, we established a sepsis model in C57BL/6J mice via cecal ligation and puncture(CLP). Routine blood tests, serum ALT and PCT, etc. were analyzed to evaluate the establishment of a CLP sepsis model on day 1 post-CLP. Secondly, the surviving mice were treated with 40µL suspension of P.aeruginosa (Pa) under anesthetic on day 4 post-CLP to establish a "two-hit" model. Gross lung specimens, and pathological examination of the lung tissue, etc. were used to evaluate whether the "two-hit" model was successfully established on days 5 and 11 post-CLP. Finally, the level of serum TNF-α and IL-6, pathological examination of the spleen and the CD4+/CD8 + ratio in blood were detected to evaluate the immune status of the model mice. The above test results proved that the "two-hit" sepsis mouse model was successfully constructed. TNF-α, IL-6, pathological examination of the spleen and the CD4+/CD8 + ratio in blood confirmed that the model was in a state of immunoparalysis. We conclude that this "two-hit" sepsis mouse model is an appropriate animal model, which can successfully replicate the pathophysiological process of in clinical patients with sepsis-induced immunoparalysis.
Electrocoagulation Applied for Textile Dye Oxidation Using Iron Slag as Electrodes
Authors: De Maman Rafaela , Luz Vilson Conrado da , Behling Laura , Dervanoski Adriana , Rosa Clarissa Dalla , Pasquali Gean Delise Leal
Published: May 2021

The Indigo Blue dye is widely used in the textile industry, specifically in jeans dyeing, the effluents of which, rich in organic pollutants with recalcitrant characteristics, end up causing several environmental impacts, requiring efficient treatments. Several pieces of research have been conducted in search of effective treatment methods, among which is electrocoagulation. This treatment consists of an electrochemical process that generates its own coagulant by applying electric current on metallic electrodes, bypassing the use of other chemical products. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential use of iron slag in the electrocoagulation of a synthetic effluent containing commercial dye Indigo Blue and the effluent from a textile factory. The quantified parameters were color, turbidity, pH, electrical conductivity, sludge generation, phenol removal, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC). The electrocoagulation treatment presented a good efficiency in removing the analyzed parameters, obtaining average removal in the synthetic effluent of 85 % of color and 100 % of phenol after 25 min of electrolysis. For the effluent from the textile factory, average reductions of 80 % of color, 91 % of turbidity, 100 % of phenol, 55 % of COD, and 73 % of TOC were measured after 60 min of electrolysis. The results obtained demonstrate the potential of using iron slag as an electrode in the electrocoagulation process in order to reuse industrial waste and reduce costs in the treatment and disposal of solid waste.
Formation of Standing Waves Within Crystal Unitcell
Authors: Pullooru Bhanumoorthy
Published: May 2021

We show that the historic Davisson-Germer experiment demonstrates formation of standing waves within nickel crystal unitcell. Cartesian Fourier transform cannot offer description in terms of standing waves because Cartesian Fourier theory cannot accommodate π in place of 2π. Thus, formation of standing waves within unitcell in Davisson-Germer experiment necessarily requires spherical polar coordinate description of crystal diffraction. Description in spherical polar coordinates permits to incorporate precision angles from the experiment for better convergence in structure determination calculations.
Comparison of Virtual and Actual Education Models on the Learning of Internal Interns During the Pandemic of COVID-19
Authors: Mottaghi Azadeh , Alibeik Nazanin , Savaj Shokoufeh , Shakiba Behnam , Alimoradzadeh Raheleh , Almasi Simin , Basharkhah Soheil , Bozorgmehr Ramin , Pishgar Elham , Arabshahi Kamran Soltani , Rahimian Neda
Published: May 2021

Background: Following the outbreak of coronavirus and its impact on the educational process of medical students, attention was paid to e-learning due to importance of education and research. The aim of present study is to evaluation of virtual and actual education models on the learning of internal interns during the pandemic of COVID-19. Results: The mean±SD age of the participants was 24.9±2.3 years, 46% of participants were men and 54% of them live in dormitory. Results of study shows that difference of pre-test and post-test score with actual and virtual education models in the male and female is significantly different (P value=0.020). Virtual education for men and actual education for women have resulted in higher difference scores in pre-test and post-test. Actual and virtual education models were no different in academic achievements of participants. Thus, the scores obtained in 9 areas did not make a significant difference between the two types of educational models.Discussion: Virtual and actual education methods for internal interns were examined and the results showed that there is no significant difference between these two methods in student output. Given the conditions that have created by COVID-19 disease in the world, it seems that the use of virtual education can be a good alternative to educating medical students so that education does not stop.
Study on the Dynamic Development of Ground Fissures in Shallow Coal Seam Mining Under Ditch
Authors: cheng zheng
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In order to study the dynamic evolution law of ground fissures in shallow coal seam mining under ditch，taking the 14210 working face of a mine in northern Shaanxi as an example, this paper analyzes the dynamic development law of ground fissures in the process of mining under ditch through similar material simulation combined with the VIC-3D monitoring system. The results show that there are 20 ground fissures in the 14210 working face. The development width of ground fissures increases first, then decreases rapidly, and finally closes at the bottom of the ditch. The ground uplifts with a height of 1.5 m. The development width of ground fissures increases first, then decreases slightly, and finally tends to stabilize on the left and the right slopes, resulting in staggered steps with a height of 1.6 m and 0.7 m respectively. This change process is consistent with that of the strain of the underlying overburden obtained by VIC-3D strain analysis. According to their development positions and strain changes, the ground fissures are divided into three categories: tensile ground fissures on the left slope T1-T8, squeeze ground fissures at the bottom of the ditch T9-T13, and tensile ground fissures on the right slope T14-T20. Finally the safety analysis of mining under ditch in the 14210 working face is carried out.
Chromium (VI) Induced Physiological and Metabolic Responses in Vigna Mungo L. cv. BVN-3
Authors: Tiwari Kamlesh Kumar , Singh Naveeh Kumar
Published: May 2021

The present study investigates the chromium (VI) induced phytoxicity and accumulation in the black gram (Vigna mungo L. cv. BVN-3) grown under refined sand pot culture. The phytotoxicity assessed with reference to growth behavior, water transport, metabolic alteration, yield, uptake and translocation of S, P, Fe and Cr under chromium (VI) stress. The black gram plants were treated with varied chromium (VI) at 0.00, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.25 mM concentration. After 5 d of Cr (VI) treatment, the foliar toxicity symptoms showed as loss of turgor and chlorosis of older leaves which also reflect in middle aged leaves later on at higher concentration of chromium (0.25 mM). At the later stage, chlorosis symptoms became critical and distorted to necrosis in patches with tapered lamina, thin tendrils and loosed coiling property. Cr (VI) induced toxicity observed on black gram as decreased growth and yield, impairment in photosynthesis activity, inhibition of metabolic and enzymatic activities and nutrient imbalances. Excess (0.25 mM) of Cr (VI) also caused a reduction in uptake and accumulation of iron in the leaves as compared to control (from 426.2 to 198.7 µg g-1 dw) with more uptake and accumulation of sulphur and phosphorus. Higher accumulation of Cr was recorded in the leaves (166.5 µg g-1 dw) followed by roots (123.4 µg g-1 dw) and stems (46.6 µg g-1 dw) at 0.25 mM after 29 d of treatment. Therefore, consumption of Cr containing black gram may have human health concern due to toxic Cr accumulation and nutrition imbalances.
The First Record of the Invasive Mosquito Species Aedes Albopictus in Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, 2020
Authors: Sulesco Tatiana , Busmachiu Galina , Lange Unchana , Schmidt-Chanasit Jonas , Lühken Renke
Published: May 2021

BackgroundIn Europe, Ae. albopictus is an important vector of chikungunya virus, Dirofilaria nematodes and was involved in local autochthonous circulation of dengue virus and Zika virus. Due to the ongoing spread, a targeted field surveillance at potential points-of-entries for Aedes invasive mosquitoes was initiated for the Republic of Moldova in 2020 as part of the transboundary “Aedes Invasive Mosquito COST Action project”. MethodsIn 2020, ovitraps were positioned at each of three locations: the border crossing to Romania in Leuseni (Hancesti region), Chisinau International Airport and Chisinau Botanical Garden.ResultsA total of 188 Aedes spp. eggs were collected at the Chisinau International Airport between August and September 2020. Twenty-three adults reared in the laboratory were identified morphologically as Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895) and twelve selected specimens were confirmed by molecular barcoding of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene region. In addition, one adult female of Ae. albopictus was caught at the same site with a manual aspirator from a human.Conclusions﻿This is the first documented report of Ae. albopictus in the Republic of Moldova. The presence of immature and adult stages indicates the local reproduction of the species in the country. Therefore, it is crucial to extend and strengthen surveillance of the invasive Aedes mosquitoes to prevent Ae. albopictus and other exotic mosquito species from establishing in the Republic of Moldova.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes With Proximal Femoral Nail Anti-rotation Versus Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty for the Treatment of Elderly Intertrochanteric Fractures
Authors: Wei Wen-Bo , Dang Sha-Jie , Wei Ling , Xin MengXi
Published: May 2021

Background: Although proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) and bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BHA) are selected by most of the orthopaedic surgeons for elderly intertrochanteric fractures (ITFs) patients, there is still no consensus on the superiority of PFNA and BPH for ITFs in the elderly. The study aims to compare the curative effects of proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) and cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BHA) on ITFs in the elderly. Methods: From January 2012 to December 2016, a total of 62 patients participated in the study: BHA (Group B, n=30), PFNA (Group P, n=32). The fractures were classified according to Evans-Jensen. Hospitalization time, operation time, bleeding loss, Harris scores and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results: The operation time was (125.76 ± 33.49) min and (94.38 ± 20.94) min in PFNA group and BHA group (P < 0.05); bleeding loss was (153.33 ± 59.96) mL and (335.31 ± 90.87) mL(P < 0.05); hospitalization time was (17.13 ± 2.92) days and (16.63 ± 3.64) days (P > 0.05); and the Harris scores were (73.20 ± 6.56) points and (68.91 ± 8.15) points (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Both PFNA and BHA are safe and effective treatments for femoral intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients. Nonetheless, BHA can be considered for those with the poor bone condition and short life expectancy.
Arctic Sea Ice’s Amplification as a Complement to Anthropogenic Global Warming
Authors: Morando Marco
Published: May 2021

Climate Change is a widely debated scientific subject and Anthropogenic Global Warming is its main cause. Nevertheless, several authors have indicated solar activity and Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation variations may also influence Climate Change. This article considers the amplification of solar radiation’s and Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation’s variations, via sea ice cover albedo feedbacks in the Arctic regions, providing a conceptual advance in the application of Arctic Amplification for modelling historical climate change. A 1-dimensional physical model, using sunspot number count and Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation index as inputs, can simulate the average global temperature’s anomaly and the Arctic Sea Ice Extension for the past eight centuries. This model represents an innovative progress in understanding how existing studies on Arctic sea ice’s albedo feedbacks can help complementing the Anthropogenic Global Warming models, thus helping to define more precise models for future climate change.
Lodging Resistance In Rice Cultivars Under Rates of Nitrogen Fertilizer; Does The Main Culm Represent The General Pattern of Lodging In Primary Tiller?
Authors: Olagunju Solomon Oladimeji , Aremu Precious A. , Ayodele Tolulope A. , Ismail Oluwapelumi J. , Oguntade Oladele A. , Nassir Adesola L.
Published: May 2021

Purpose Lodging resistance (LR) in rice cultivars is usually established using the main culm (MC) as a good representative of tillers on the plant. However, it remains unclear whether LR of MC represents LR of the primary tiller (PT) to guide in the selection of tillers during LR assessment in rice cultivars under rates of nitrogen fertilizer. Methods Four lodging resistant cultivars namely: NERICAs 1, 4, 6 and Moroberekan were established under three rates (0, 60, 120 kg ha-1) of nitrogen fertilizer. At 20 days after heading of each of the MC and PT, the culms were harvested for assessment of LR. Results Increasing application rates of nitrogen fertilizer increased the culm morphological traits (CMTs) such as culm wall thickness, internode and lumen diameters, bending moment and breaking strength of MC and PT with little effect on lodging index (LI). The CMTs were however, higher in the MC and with lower LI than in the PT. The higher CMTs in MC did not translate to lower LI in all the rice cultivars such as Moroberekan compared with the PT. Correlations of CMTs with LI were higher and significant in the MC than in the PT. Conclusion Main culm remains reliable for the mechanical assessment of LR in upland rice but does not represent the general pattern of lodging in the PT. There is need for consistency in selection of tiller for mechanical assessment of lodging in rice cultivars under rates of nitrogen fertilizer.
Research on Variable-Stiffness Mechanisms of Robot Wrists for Compliant Assembling-Clamping
Authors: Li Kangkang , Xing Pu , Zhang Xu-Kun , Xia Qing-Guo
Published: May 2021

The stiffness requirements of robot wrists vary with processes during automatic assembling-clamping of robots. The precision of robots moving workpieces to operating positions in the process of rigid localization is achieved if robot wrists equip with a large stiffness. The pose errors of workpieces in the process of compliant assembling-clamping can easily be compensated if robot wrists with a low stiffness is utilized. The present compliant wrist can not meet the stiffness requirements of different processes. A robot wrist with a large stiffness variation is proposed and its mechanisms of rigid localization and compliant assembling-clamping are studied. The pose models of wrists caused by deformations are established. The influences of wrist stiffness on the deformation of itself are researched. The mechanism of modulating wrist stiffness during compliant assembling-clamping is revealed. A structure of 3-DOF (degrees of freedom) robot wrist with a stiffness variation is proposed. The wrist stiffness is changed by modulating the pretension. The influences of pretensions and geometrical parameters on the variable-stiffness characteristics and the stiffness distribution of a wrist are researched. Finally, the experiments are carried out to verify the feasibility of the wrists finishing assembling-clamping operations by modulating the stiffness.
Prognostic Value of Pre-operative Plasma NT-proBNP Combined With Creatinine in Early Outcomes After Adult Cardiac Valve Surgery
Authors: Li Tianyuan , Cao Hanjun , Qu Liangchao , Long Dingde , Zhu Xiaoping
Published: May 2021

Objective To assess to prognostic value of pre-operative plasma NT-proBNP combined with creatinine in early outcomes after adult cardiac valve surgery. Methods A total of 125 patients who underwent cardiac valve surgery in the first affiliated hospital of nanchang university between October 2016 and October 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. including age, gender, weight, height, pre-operative plasma creatinine, preoperative plasma NT-proBNP, number of valves involved, pre-operative EF and early postoperative outcomes. The independent pre-operative factors that have a significant impact on early post-operative outcomes after adult cardiac valve surgery were investigated. Prognostic value in early outcomes after adult cardiac valve surgery was analyzed by ROC curve analysis. Results preoperative plasma creatinine, preoperative plasma NT-proBNP and the number of valves involved in the complication group were significantly higher than that in non-complication group;BMI and pre-operative EF in the complication group was lower than that in the non-complication group ,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05). Factors having P-value < 0.15 in the bivariable logistic regression model were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model. The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the preoperative plasma creatinine, preoperative plasma NT-proBNP,BMI and the number of valves involved were correlated with the early postoperative outcomes, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis was used to explore the predictive performance. Results in ROC curve analysis, the AUC for the preoperative plasma NT-proBNP was 0.806 (95% CI 0.712～0.900，P<0.00). Logistic regression model found that the predictive value increased after adding the pre-operative plasma creatinine.the joint prediction AUC was 0.843, the sensitivity and specificity were 85.0%, 72.4% respectively. Conclusion The elevated NT-proBNP and creatinine levels were independently correlated with the early post-operative outcomes, were two promising prognostic predictors for predicting the worse clinical outcomes . The pre-operative plasma NT-proBNP and the plasma creatinine combination was determined to help identify high-risk patients and make appropriate clinical decisions.
Influence of the North American Dipole on the Atlantic Warm Pool
Authors: Chao Jinghua , Fan Guangzhou , Ding Ruiqiang , Zhong Quanjia , Wang Zhenchao
Published: May 2021

The Atlantic warm pool(AWP) of water having a temperature above 28.5°C encompasses the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean, and the western tropical North Atlantic, influencing the regional and global climate. Much of the AWP interannual variabillity has been thought to be an outcome of external remote forcing by climate variability outside the tropical Atlantic, such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). This study indicates that the North American dipole (NAD), exemplified by a north-south seesaw in sea level pressure anomalies over the western tropical North Atlantic and northeastern North America, may provide another integral remote forcing source to influence the AWP. Both observational and model data prove that a strong positive (negative) phase of the winter NAD tends to inhibit (favor) the development of AWP in its area and depth in subsequent months. As opposed to the NAO, the NAD plays a more pivotal role in influencing the AWP due to its effectiveness in forcing the TNA SST variability, which means that AWP variability may be more of a lagging response to NAD atmospheric forcing than a lagging response to NAO atmospheric forcing. Additional analysis indicates that the winter NAD-like atmospheric signal may be stored in the following AWP, thus markedly influencing the TNA precipitation and air temperature in summer. It is speculated that the AWP may act as a bridge linking winter NAD to the following summer precipitation and air temperature in the TNA region.
A New Minimally Invasive Approach for Treatment of Middle and Distal-third Humeral Shaft Fractures
Authors: Yang Jing , Zhang Lina , Liu Dapeng , Lu Zhanxin , Liu Tang
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a new minimally-invasive surgical approach–anteromedial minimally-invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) in the treatment of middle and distal-third segment humeral shaft fractures.Methods: From November 2016 to March 2020, 14 patients (8 males and 6 females) with middle and distal-third segment humeral shaft fracture who were treated surgically by one surgeon of our department were retrospectively evaluated. Four fractures were type A1, tow fractures type A2, four fractures type A3 and four fractures type B1. In the surgical procedure, 11 fractures were treated with anterolateral MIPO approach, while three fractures used the anterolateral + lateral MIPO approach. Patient’s age averaged 48 years (range, 25–81). Results: Average follow-up time, months: 21.7, (range 12 to 36 months). QuickDASH score at final follow-up averaged 2.5 points (range, 0–4.5), The constant score averaged 88.5 points (range, 80–100). All fractures there were no nerve injuries, infections, and Other severe complications occurred.Conclusion: The anteromedial approach MIPO technique has the advantages of less trauma, less bleeding, low risk of nerve injury and high rate of fracture healing. It is one of the most effective methods for the treatment of middle and middle–distal humeral shaft fractures. Our study provided a new approach for the treatment of middle and distal-third segment Humeral shaft fractures.
Accurate Measurement of Strain in Non-Contact Surface Deformation Using Subset Based Digital Image Correlation
Authors: S Agnes Shifani , S Godwin Premi M
Published: May 2021

The measurement of strain using some contact techniques has some drawbacks like less accuracy and it takes larger computation time for finding each location of sub-pixels. Thus, a faster non-contact Digital Image Correlation (DIC) mechanism is utilized along with the traditional techniques to measure the strain. The Newton-Raphson (NR) technique is considered to be an accepted mechanism for accurate tracking of different intensity relocation. Generally, the issue regarding the DIC mechanism is its computational cost. In this paper an interpolation technique is utilized to accomplish a high precision rate and faster image correlation, thereby it reduces the computation time required for finding the matched pixel and viably handles the rehashing relationship process. Hence the proposed mechanism provides better efficiency along with a reduced number of iterations required for finding the identity. The number of iteration can be reduced using the Sum of Square of Subset Intensity Gradient (SSSIG) method. The evaluation of the projected scheme is tested with different images through various parameters. Finally, the outcome indicates that the projected mechanism takes only a few milliseconds to match the best matching location whereas the prevailing techniques require 16 seconds for the same operation with the same step size. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Temperature, carbon dioxide and methane
Authors: Hambler Clive , Henderson Peter A.
Published: May 2021

1) Globally-representative monthly rates of change of atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane are compared with global rates of change of sea ice and with Arctic and Antarctic air temperatures. 2) Carbon dioxide is very strongly correlated with sea ice dynamics, with the carbon dioxide rate at Mauna Loa lagging sea ice extent rate by 7 months. 3) Methane is very strongly correlated with sea ice dynamics, with the global (and Mauna Loa) methane rate lagging sea ice extent rate by 5 months. 4) Sea ice melt rate peaks in very tight synchrony with temperature in each Hemisphere. 5) The very high synchrony of the two gases is most parsimoniously explained by a common causality acting in both Hemispheres. 6) Time lags between variables indicate primary drivers of the gas dynamics are due to solar action on the polar regions, not mid-latitudes as is conventionally believed. 7) Results are consistent with a proposed role of a high-latitude temperature-dependent abiotic variable such as sea ice in the annual cycles of carbon dioxide and methane. 8) If sea ice does not drive the net flux of these gases, it is a highly precise proxy for whatever does. 9) Potential mechanisms should be investigated urgently.