bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospective, randomised clinical trial on the necessity of using a silicone intubarium in the context of a dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) in patients with postsaccal lacrimal duct stenosis
Authors: Bahner Lia , Zebralla Veit , Dietz Andreas , Otto Mathias , Pirlich Markus
Published: March 2024

Objective.
This study evaluates the effect of a silicone stent tube (SST) on the success rate of endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EN-DCR) to treat primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO).
Design.
Prospective randomized clinical trial.
Methods.
Patients were randomly assigned to receive EN-DCR with or without SST intubation over a period of 3 months. The surgery was performed using standardized techniques. Patients were assessed at three different timepoints: one day, 12 weeks and 24 weeks after the surgery. The results were compared in order to evaluate statistical differences. Surgical success was determined by means of positive irrigation procedures, as well as by the improvement of symptoms and a high level of patient satisfaction.
Results.
A total of 56 randomized cases completed 24 weeks of follow up. 1 Patient dropped out due to malignant genesis of the nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO). After 24 weeks of follow up no statistically significant differences in levels of epiphora (p > .10) or patency (p > .16) were revealed. Comparisons regarding changes in time did not show levels of significance (p > .28).
Conclusion.
This study could not confirm a statistically significant benefit or disadvantage for SST Insertion in DCR Surgery.
Anti-proliferative and Apoptotic Efficacy of Nano-PLGA encapsulated Quercetin Molecules by down-regulation of Akt in K-ras mutated NSCLC cell lines, A549 and H460
Authors: Mukherjee Avinaba , Ghosh Sandip , Ganguli Sayak , Basu Biswarup
Published: March 2024

To test if encapsulating hydrophobic flavonoids in nanoparticles could offer a new possibility in the therapeutics of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), quercetin was encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles by solvent displacement technique. The synthesised nanoparticles were then characterised by dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The size of the nanoparticles with smooth surface topology was estimated at 110 nm. Treatment with nano-PLGA encapsulated quercetin (NPEQ) triggered the death of K-ras mutated NSCLC cells, A549 and H460, and showed 50% cell cytotoxicity in them at a dose of 406 ng/ml and 306 ng/ml, respectively. NPEQ was able to block uncontrolled cell proliferation by inducing concomitant destruction of BrdU activity and a lower incidence of cell migrations. Cell death was due to the induction of apoptosis rather than necrosis, as revealed by morphological alterations and phosphatidylserine externalisation induced by NPEQ. NPEQ also caused the arrest of A549 and H460 cells at the sub-G1 stage. NPEQ induced down-regulation of Akt, which is usually found to be hyperactive in NSCLC due to K-ras mutation. This indicates that NPEQ caused target-specific apoptotic and antiproliferative activity by targeting the downregulation of Akt. Further, when NPEQ was generated in the tumour-bearing mice model, it showed antitumor efficacy. Besides this, histological alteration of tissue architecture and modulation of an apoptotic marker protein in mice indicates the prospect and advantages of nanoparticulate quercetin delivery in therapeutic formulations against cancer.
Effect of rehabilitation on renal outcomes after acute kidney injury associated with cardiovascular disease: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Hirano Yuma , Fujikura Tomoyuki , Kono Kenichi , Yamaguchi Tomoya , Ohashi Naro , Yokoyama Yurina , Toda Masahiro , Yamauchi Katsuya , Yasuda Hideo
Published: March 2024

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) incidence is extremely high worldwide, and patients who develop AKI are at increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD), CKD progression, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, there is no established treatment strategy for AKI. Based on the idea that exercise stabilizes hemodynamics, we hypothesized that rehabilitation would have beneficial renal outcomes after AKI associated with cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether rehabilitation can stabilize hemodynamics and positively impact renal outcomes in patients with AKI associated with cardiovascular disease.
Methods: In total, 107 patients with AKI associated with cardiovascular disease were enrolled in this single-center retrospective study and were either assigned to the intervention group (n = 36), which received rehabilitation at least once a week for at least 8 consecutive weeks, or to the control group (n = 71). Estimated glomerular filtration rate was assessed at baseline before admission, at the lowest value during hospitalization, and at 3, 12, and 24 months. Trends over time (group × time) between the two groups were compared using generalized estimating equations. Moreover, congestive status was assessed by amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and the effect of rehabilitation on congestion improvement was investigated using logistical regression analysis.
Results: The time course of renal function after AKI, from baseline to each of the three timepoints suggested significant differences between the two groups (p < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups at any time point in terms of percentage of patients with a high risk of developing ESRD. Moreover, the presence or absence of intervention was significantly associated with improvement in congestion at 3 months (p < 0.05, odds ratio: 0.300, 95% confidence interval: 0.092–0.972).
Conclusion: Our results suggest that rehabilitation after AKI associated with cardiovascular disease correlates with an improvement in congestion and may have a positive effect on the course of renal function after AKI.
DMD-based Spatiotemporal Superresolution Measurement of a Supersonic Jet using Dual Planar PIV and Acoustic Data
Authors: Kaneko Sayumi , Delpozo Alvaro , Nishikori Hiroki , Ozawa Yuta , Nonomura Taku
Published: March 2024

The present study applies a framework of the spatiotemporal superresolution measurement based on the total-least-squares dynamic mode decomposition (tlsDMD), the Kalman filter and the Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoother to an axisymmetric underexpanded supersonic jet of a jet Mach number of 1.35. Dual planar particle image velocimetry (dual PIV) was utilized, and paired velocity fields of the flow with a short time interval were obtained at a temporal resolution of 5000 Hz. High frequency acoustic data of 200,000 Hz were simultaneously obtained. Then, the time-resolved velocity fields of the supersonic jet were reconstructed at a temporal resolution of 200,000 Hz. Also, time coefficients of dynamic modes in high temporal resolution were calculated. The correlation between time coefficients implies that the mixing promotion by screech tone causes the lift-up of the high velocity fluid from the jet center and accelerates at the downstream side.
Single-cell infrared absorption spectroscopy of bacterial inclusion bodies
Authors: Duverger Wouter , Tsaka Grigoria , Khodaparast Ladan , Khodaparast Laleh , Louros Nikolaos , Rousseau Frederic , Schymkowitz Joost
Published: March 2024

Background
Inclusion bodies (IBs) are well-known subcellular structures in bacteria where protein aggregates are collected. Various methods have probed their structure, but single-cell spectroscopy remains challenging. Atomic Force Microscopy-based Infrared Spectroscopy (AFM-IR) is a novel technology with high potential for the characterisation of biomaterials such as IBs.
Results
We present a detailed investigation using AFM-IR, revealing the substructure of IBs and their variation at the single-cell level, including a rigorous optimisation of data collection parameters and addressing issues such as laser power, pulse frequency, and sample drift. An analysis pipeline was developed tailored to AFM-IR image data, allowing high-throughput, label-free imaging of more than 3500 IBs in 12000 bacterial cells. We examined IBs generated in Escherichia coli under different stress conditions. Dimensionality reduction analysis of the resulting spectra suggested distinct clustering of stress conditions, aligning with the nature and severity of the applied stresses. Correlation analyses revealed intricate relationships between the physical and morphological properties of IBs.
Conclusions
Our study highlights the power and limitations of AFM-IR, revealing structural heterogeneity within and between IBs. We show that it is possible to perform quantitative analyses of AFM-IR images over a large collection of different samples and determine how to control for various technical artefacts.
A multidimensional analysis of MRPL17 protein in human tumors
Authors: Li Huan , Xie Xuewen , Zhang Liang , Fei Shuke
Published: March 2024

MRPL17 is one of mitochondrial ribosome protein (MRP) family proteins, which have oncogenic effects in several malignant tumors. However, it is unclear that the relationship between MRPL17 expression pattern and prognosis across different cancer types. Also, the biological function or effects on the immune microenvironment of MRPL17 is unknown. In this study, we parsed multiple public databases to explore the potential tumorigenic actions of MRPL17, including correlations with prognosis, microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor mutational burden (TMB), immune checkpoint genes, immune cell infiltration, and immunotherapy response in pan-cancer. Moreover, we validated MRPL17 expression in a tissue microarray by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that MRPL17 was upregulated in 19 cancer types and correlated with poor prognosis in many cancers. The correlation between MRPL17 and TMB was found in 10 cancers as well as MSI in five. The expression level of MRPL17 was found to be notably correlated with immune cell infiltration, showing a negative correlation with CD4 T cells infiltration and a positive correlation with dendritic cells (DC). MRPL17 expression levels were positively associated with drug sensitivity in certain cancers. In addition, we discovered that MRPL17 participated in the DNA repair at the single-cell level for most cancers. These findings provides a promising candidate for therapeutic targets and a new direction for future research.
Intracranial volumetric evaluation in postnatally repaired myelomeningocele infants
Authors: Hashimoto Hiroaki , Irizato Naoki , Takemoto Osamu , Chiba Yasuyoshi
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Most myelomeningocele (MMC) cases exhibit ventriculomegaly or hydrocephalus, yet a comprehensive volumetric assessment of MMC intracranial structures is lacking. This study aims to provide baseline data on intracranial structural volume immediately after birth in postnatally repaired MMC infants.
Methods
In this retrospective single-center study, we analyzed 52 MMC infants undergoing postnatal closure, utilizing head computer tomography scans at birth for volumetric assessment. Intracranial volume (ICV), lateral ventricles volume (LVV), choroid plexus volume (CPV), and posterior cranial fossa volume (PCFV) were measured. Comparative analysis with healthy controls (eight infants at 0 months) employed the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis discriminated cases with and without ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS).
Results
MMC infants exhibited significant differences compared to healthy cases in LVV (33.18 mL vs. 2.05 mL, p < 0.001), CPV (0.67 mL vs. 0.25 mL, p = 0.005), and PCFV (21.35 mL vs. 39.50 mL, p < 0.001), but not in ICV (407.50 mL vs. 418.15 mL, p = 0.25). Thirty-seven cases (71.15%) underwent VPS. ROC analysis revealed an LVV cut-off value of 6.74 mL for discriminating cases with and without VPS.
Conclusion
Postnatally repaired MMC infants showed significantly larger LVV and CPV, and smaller PCFV compared to healthy infants, providing crucial baseline data for volumetric evaluation. These findings enhance our understanding of intracranial volumetric changes in MMC, facilitating more objective assessments of MMC cases.
Comparing and evaluating realistic wood structure models derived from multi-source remote sensing data: A focus on suitability reinforcement
Authors: Shi Yanru , Guo Ming , Liang Xuanshuo , Zhao Jiawei , Shang Xiaoke , Huang Ming , Guo Shuai
Published: March 2024

Exploring the comparison and evaluation of wood structure realistic model based on the fusion of multi-source remote sensing data and suitability reinforcement effects, aiming to proactively and accurately prevent potential structural issues to ensure long-term effective preservation of historical buildings. Various point cloud data from different sources were collected using equipment such as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and LiDAR; Based on the point cloud data, a hybrid realistic model was established, using the existing point cloud data to successfully restore the orientation angle of the mortise and tenon interface, the angle was determined to further enhance the real reflection of the existing shape of the column-architrave structure, which provides a more accurate analysis of the structural analysis of the stress model; Based on the establishment of a realistic model, precise identification of weak locations was carried out and two different types of reinforcement were designed. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of these two types of reinforcement was carried out to determine the most suitable reinforcement scheme applicable to the weakened area. The results show that by performing finite element analysis on the 24 columns in the realistic model, the columns with weak areas—M2W23 columns, were found to present the largest deformation of 4.65 mm in the upper and middle parts of the columns. Of the two reinforcement types, the reinforcement with aluminum alloy material reduced the deformation of the wooden columns from 4.65 mm to 3.5 mm, and after being reinforced, the deformation of the wooden columns was reduced by about 24.7% compared to that before the reinforcement. In comparison, the deformation of the wooden columns was reduced from 4.65 mm to 2.8 mm after reinforcement with different thicknesses of CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic) sheet, which is a 39.7% reduction relative to the unreinforced condition, showing better stability. Reinforcement with different thicknesses of CFRP sheets provides flexibility to cope with the unequal damage of the wooden columns, thus ensuring an equal distribution of strength throughout the columns. The results indicate that within this structure, different thicknesses of CFRP sheets reinforcement exhibit more suitable performance.
Studies on annual life history of okra shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella (Fabricius) on okra under mid hills of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Kumar Manjeet , Thakur Anjana , Motmayen Mohammad Ilyas , Mehta Vasu
Published: March 2024

Annual life cycle of Earias vittella (Fabricius) was studied under laboratory conditions at mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh during 2021-22. Five overlapping generations of E. vittella were observed in a year. The mean duration of generations ranged between 31.6 to 34.6 days in generations falling in June to October months while its development slowed from November to May. Mean duration of egg, larva and pupa was 3.4 ± 0.05, 14.0 ± 0.44 and 8.30 ± 0.24 days, respectively. Mean developmental period excluding adult longevity was 26.8 ± 0.72 days in generations from June to October. The longevity of adult male and female was 5.3 ± 0.10 and 6.1 ± 0.20 days, respectively, while the average fecundity was 147.8 ± 21.60. E. vittella showed maximum mortality at larval stage (51.36%).
Correlation Between Higher Lateral Tibial Slope and Inferior Long Term Subjective Outcomes Following Single Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Hung Yu-Chieh , Chuang Chieh-An , Yao Shang-Yu , Lin Keng-Yi , Hung Shih-Feng , Chen Yi-Jou , Chiu Chi-Hao , Ho Chin-Shan , Chan Yi-Sheng , Yang Cheng-Pang
Published: March 2024

Background The impact of anatomical factors, such as the lateral tibial slope (LTS), on outcomes following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is an area of growing interest. This study was led by the observation that patients with a higher LTS may have different recovery trajectories. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between a higher LTS and long term inferior subjective outcomes following single-bundle ACL reconstruction. Study Design: This study was designed as a retrospective cohort study. Methods The study comprised 138 patients who underwent single-bundle ACL reconstruction. The LTS was measured on preoperative radiographs. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were collected, which included the Lysholm Knee Score, UCLA Activity Score, IKDC Score, and Tegner Activity Score, over a mean follow-up duration of 137 months. Results A significant negative correlation was found between LTS and all measured PROMs (p < 0.001). The established cut-off value of LTS distinguishing between "Good" and "Fair" Lysholm scores was 8.35 degrees. Female patients has statistically significant higher LTS and lower PROMs scores than male. Patients with LTS greater than or equal to 8.35 had significantly lower PROMs, indicative of poorer functional and subjective outcomes. Conclusion Our findings suggest that a higher LTS is associated with inferior subjective outcomes following single-bundle ACL reconstruction in long term. The LTS cut-off value of 8.35 degrees could potentially be used as a reference in preoperative planning and patient counseling. Clinical Relevance: Understanding the relationship between LTS and ACL reconstruction outcomes could inform surgical planning and postoperative management. These findings highlight the need to consider anatomical variances, such as LTS, when assessing patient-specific risks and recovery expectations, contributing to the advancement of personalized care in sports medicine.
Employing supramolecular chemistry strategies for the separation of mixtures of anisole and bromoanisole isomers
Authors: Barton Benita , Senekal Ulrich
Published: March 2024

In the present work, host compounds trans-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-11,12-dicarboxylate (H1), trans-α,α,α’,α’-tetraphenyl-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-11,12-dimethanol (H2) and trans-α,α,α’,α’-tetra(p-chlorophenyl)-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-11,12-dimethanol (H3) were assessed for their host ability for anisole (ANI) and 2-, 3- and 4-bromoanisole (2-, 3- and 4-BA). It was demonstrated that H3 formed complexes with each of these guest species, while H1 and H2 only possessed the ability to enclathrate ANI. When H3 was crystallized from equimolar binary guest solutions, a significantly enhanced host affinity was observed for ANI and 3-BA. As examples, equimolar binary ANI/2-BA and 2-BA/3-BA solutions afforded complexes that demonstrated a near-complete H3 selectivity towards ANI (97.5%) and 3-BA (94.5%), respectively. Furthermore, from H3 crystallization experiments in binary ANI/2-BA, ANI/4-BA, 3-BA/2-BA and 3-BA/4-BA mixtures, where the molar guest amounts were varied sequentially, were calculated significant K values, so much so that H3 may be used to separate very many of the guest anisole mixtures prepared in this work, through supramolecular chemistry strategies, which serves as a greener separation protocol compared with tedious and energy intensive fractional distillations. Thermal analyses were also used to investigate the relative stabilities of each of the single solvent complexes.
Global Perspectives on the Management of Primary Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Gallée Jeanne , Cartwright Jade , Grasso Stephanie , Jokel Regina , Lavoie Monica , McGowan Ellen , Pozzebon Margaret , Beber Bárbara Costa , Duboisdindien Guillaume , Montagut Núria , Norvik Monica , Sugimoto Taiki , Townsend Rosemary , Unger Nina , Winsnes Ingvild E. , Volkmer Anna
Published: March 2024

Speech-language therapists/pathologists (SLT/Ps) are key professionals in the management and treatment of primary progressive aphasia (PPA), however, there are gaps in education and training within the discipline, with implications for skills, confidence, and clinical decision-making. This survey aimed to explore the areas of need amongst SLT/Ps working with people living with PPA (PwPPA) internationally to upskill the current and future workforce working with progressive communication disorders. One hundred eighty-five SLT/Ps from 27 countries who work with PwPPA participated in an anonymous online survey about their educational and clinical experiences, clinical decision-making, and self-reported areas of need when working with this population. Best practice principles for SLT/Ps working with PwPPA were used to frame the latter two sections of this survey. Only 40.7% of respondents indicated that their university education prepared them for their current work with PwPPA. Competency areas of “Knowing people deeply,” “Practical issues,” “Connectedness,” and “Preventing disasters” were identified as the basic areas of priority and need. Respondents identified instructional online courses (92.5%), sample tools and activities for interventions (64.8%), and concrete training on providing care for advanced stages and end of life (58.3%) as central areas of need in their current work. This is the first international survey to comprehensively explore the perspectives of SLT/Ps working with PwPPA. Based on survey outcomes, there is a pressing need to enhance current educational and ongoing training opportunities to better promote the well-being of PwPPA and their families, and to ensure appropriate preparation of the current and future SLT/P workforce.
Incidence of degenerative disease of the temporomandibular joint in anterior open bite patients with different molar relationships: a retrospective CBCT study
Authors: Wang Chenxu , Guo Feng , Hu Hengyu , liu Chenghuan , Lei Lang
Published: March 2024

Objectives
To assess the prevalence of degenerative joint disease (DJD) in anterior open bite (AOB) patients with different molar relationships.
Methods
246 AOB adult orthodontic patients were divided into Class I group (n = 65), Class II group (n = 116) and Class III group (n = 65) based on their sagittal molar relationships, meanwhile, 70 normal subjects were selected as control group. The morphological characteristics of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and occurrence of DJD in the subjects were detected by cone-beam computed tomography, and the incidence of DJD among them was compared. Mandibular plane angle and the vertical distance between the upper and lower incisors (ULD) were also measured.
Results
The overall incidence of DJD in AOB patients and control group was 30.28% and 5.00%, respectively. Class II group showed a significantly highest incidence of DJD (50.43%, P<0.001), highest frequency of bilateral DJD (43.95%, P<0.001) and highest mandibular plane angle (MP-SN of 44.39°±7.02° and MP-FH of 35.68° ± 6.74°,P<0.001). Among the AOB groups, Class III group exhibited the highest ULD (3.35 ± 1.86mm, P<0.05) but the lowest incidence of DJD (10.77%).
Conclusions
AOB patients with Class II molar relationship exhibit the highest incidence of DJD, and orthodontists should pay closer attention to the risk of temporomandibular joint diseases (TMD) in Class II AOB patients during clinical practice.
The effects of subcutaneous insulin aspart in treatment of non-severe diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Talebi Hanieh , Razavi Zahra , Khazaei Salman
Published: March 2024

Purpose
To determine the effects/safety of subcutaneous injection of insulin analogues in treating uncomplicated mild and moderate diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Methods
In this prospective study in 2022, 25 children with mild/or moderate DKA were enrolled. The main outcome measure was median time (hours) for resolution of ketoacidosis. Data recorded: clinical characteristics, severity of ketoacidosis and dehydration, blood glucose, sodium, potassium, creatinine, urine ketones, hospitalization’s duration and complications. Based on the degree of dehydration, fluid deficit was replaced by sodium chloride 0.45%. Insulin aspart 0.15 units/kg subcutaneous injections were performed every two hours in hospital outside ICU. Blood glucose was measured hourly and blood gases every two hours. Ketoacidosis was considered resolved when the patient did not have nausea/vomiting, was conscious and could eat, blood glucose was < 250 mg/dL, pH > 7.30, and/or HCO3 > 15 mmol/L.
Results
From 25 DKA participants (mean age 11.06 ± 3.89, range 4–17 years, 60% girls), 16 cases (64%) had established type 1 diabetes. Overall, 13 cases (52%) had mild ketoacidosis (average pH = 7.25) and 12 cases (48%) had moderate ketoacidosis (average pH = 7.15). The mean time to resolution of ketoacidosis was 11.24 hours. All but one participant met DKA recovery criteria without complications. Mild cases compared to moderate cases of DKA had shorter duration to resolution of DKA (p value = 0.04). Mean duration of hospitalization was 2.3 days. No electrolyte disturbances, hypoglycemia events, readmission or mortality, or other adverse effects were observed.
Conclusion
In children with mild and moderate DKA, subcutaneous insulin aspart administration was an effective, safe, and convenient treatment.
Molecular Cloning and Biochemical Characterization of a novel thermostable α-amylase of Bacillus subtilis MDC 3500 isolated from acidic soils in Armenia
Authors: Paloyan Ani , Soghomonyan Tigran , Khoyetsyan Lev , Melkonyan Lusine , Davidyan Tamara , Mkhitaryan Anna , Bagiyan Valeri Valeri , Hambardzumyan Artur
Published: March 2024

Amylases are one of the most important industrial enzymes, accounting for 30% of the world's production of enzymes. The quest for novel recombinant α-amylases with enhanced traits remains a pressing challenge, presenting continual relevance in biotechnological sectors. Bacillus subtilis strain MDC 3500 was isolated in acidic soils (pH 3.5-4.0) of Armenia. In this study, the α-amylase gene of Bacillus subtilis MDC 3500 (AmyBS) was cloned by the golden-gate cloning technique followed by intracellular expression in Escherichia coli cells. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between AmyBS and α-amylases of Bacillus subtilis A28, exhibiting 97.7% homology. AmyBS was expressed and purified to homogeneity using a two-step purification process involving immobilized metal affinity chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. The temperature and pH optimum, thermal stability, and several other catalytic characteristics of AmyBS were studied. The enzyme exhibits the following order of starch substrate preference: potato > wheat > corn > rice. AmyBS also exhibits specificity for amylose, amylopectin, γ-cyclodextrin, and β-cyclodextrin in decreasing order. The hydrolytic products of potato, corn, or rice starches mainly lead to the accumulation of glucose, maltose, and, to a lesser extent, maltotriose in the reaction medium.
Early adversity and prosocial behavior in adolescents from Bogotá: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alarcón Andrés Camilo Cardozo , Arenas Nathaly Moreno , Ávila Kharen Alessandra Verjel , Maza Elena María Trujillo , Rodríguez Charlotte Greniez , Riaño Olga Lucía Vargas , Acevedo Daniel Enrique Suárez
Published: March 2024

Background The association between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), prosocial behavior, and depression (like other negative mental health outcomes) has not been thoroughly understood. This study aimed at evaluating their simultaneous association while controlling for key confounding variables. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried-out with 2,918 secondary school students from seven charter schools located in low-resourced neighborhoods in Bogota (Colombia), 54.12% were female, and mean age was 13.81 years. The self-report instrument included demographic variables, well-being, mental health, risk behaviors and symptoms of psychopathology. Assessment of ACEs was done by a series of yes/no questions, prosocial behavior was evaluated with the corresponding subscale in the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and depression was assessed with the Self-Reporting Questionnaire. Associations were tested using the Spearman correlation coefficient, Z tests and Chi-square tests, and all primary outcome analyses were adjusted for potential confounding variables through multivariate logistic regression using depression as outcome. Results Mean exposure to ACEs was 3.15 events; those exposed to four or more obtained lower scores in well-being, satisfaction with life and family functioning, and higher scores in symptoms of psychopathology. For the prosocial behavior scores, 64.35% were classified as close to the average, 17.51% as slightly lowered, 11.91% as low, and 6.23% as very low; participants with higher levels of prosocial behavior showed lower scores in symptoms of psychopathology. ACEs and prosocial behavior were not simultaneously associated with depression, and prosocial behavior did not modify the association between ACEs and depressive symptoms (Odds Ratio 2.20, 95% confidence interval 1.66–2.93). Conclusions Novel studies should further elucidate the developmental pathways involving positive and negative mental health constructs to better understand the actual effectiveness of interventions that use these constructs in their design.
A predictive assay for chemotherapeutic efficacy of stage IV colorectal cancer using serum metabolic features profiling
Authors: Li Wenhua , Chang Jinjia , Zhang Long , Chou C. James , Jin Bo , Zhang Yani , Ding Yun , Li Zhen , Schilling James , Liao Weili , Thyparambil Sheeno , Ling Xuefeng B , Zhang Wen , Peng Junjie
Published: March 2024

Background
Currently, there is no unbiased colorectal cancer (CRC) prognostic and predictive model based on serum molecular biomarkers to evaluate potential treatment outcomes and risk of CRC relapse for stage IV CRC patients. In addition, criteria to identify likely CRC patient populations at high risk and might benefit from additional chemotherapeutics have not yet been investigated, and it is an unmet clinical need. This study aims to develop a potential predictive risk discrimination model using serum metabolomic features generated from high-resolution mass spectrometry.
Methods
Using global serum metabolic pathway analysis and machine learning approaches, we have constructed a risk discrimination model to predict stage IV CRC patients' treatment efficacy and survival outcomes. This risk assessment model is further tested and validated in CRC patient cohorts via progressive free survival and overall survival with variable subset classifications such as the first-line treatment types, age, location of the primary tumor, and metastasis status.
Results
This study established an effective predictive model that can accurately discriminate stage IV CRC patients' progression-free survival (PFS) length regardless of the treatment types, age, and primary and metastatic tumor locations.
Conclusions
We have demonstrated a serum metabolomic pathway-based discriminating model to predict treatment outcomes of stage IV CRC patients under standard chemotherapeutics.
Stacked mutations in wheat homologues of rice SEMI-DWARF1 confer a novel semi-dwarf phenotype
Authors: Ndreca Barbora , Huttly Alison , Bibi Sajida , Bayon Carlos , Lund George , Ham Joshua , Alarcón-Reverte Rocío , Addy John , Tarkowská Danuše , Pearce Stephen , Hedden Peter , Thomas Stephen G. , Phillips Andrew L.
Published: March 2024

Background
Semi-dwarfing alleles are used widely in cereals to confer improved lodging resistance and assimilate partitioning. The most widely deployed semi-dwarfing alleles in rice and barley encode the gibberellin (GA)-biosynthetic enzyme GA 20-OXIDASE2 (GA20OX2). The hexaploid wheat genome carries three homoeologous copies of GA20OX2, and because of functional redundancy, loss-of-function alleles of a single homoeologue would not be selected in wheat breeding programmes.
Instead, approximately 70% of wheat cultivars carry gain-of-function mutations in REDUCED HEIGHT 1 (RHT1) genes that encode negative growth regulators and are degraded in response to GA. Semi-dwarf Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b alleles encode proteins that are insensitive to GA-mediated degradation. However, because RHT1 is expressed ubiquitously these alleles have pleiotropic effects that confer undesirable traits in some environments.
Results
We have applied reverse genetics to combine loss-of-function alleles in all three homoeologues of wheat GA20OX2 and its paralogue GA20OX1 and evaluated their performance in three years of field trials. ga20ox1 mutants exhibited a mild height reduction (approximately 3%) suggesting GA20OX1 plays a minor role in stem elongation in wheat. ga20ox2 mutants have reduced GA1 content and are 12-32% shorter than their wild-type segregants, comparable to the effect of the Rht-D1b ‘Green Revolution’ allele. The ga20ox2 mutants showed no significant negative effects on yield components, although these alleles should be evaluated in different genetic backgrounds and environments.
Conclusions
Our study demonstrates that induced mutagenesis can expand genetic variation in polyploid crops to uncover novel alleles and that mutations in GA20OX2 could have utility in wheat breeding as alternative semi-dwarfing alleles.
A new criterion for p-nilpotency and solvability of finite groups by coprime actions
Authors: Zhang Boru , Lu Jiakuan , Meng Wei
Published: March 2024

Let G and A be finite groups of relative coprime orders and A acts on G via automorphisms. In this paper, we investigate the p-nilpotency and solvability of finite groups in which every maximal A-invariant subgroup of a Sylow p-subgroup of G for some prime p is S-semipermutable.
MSC(2000): 20D10, 20D20
Development of an Efficient Nomogram for Prediction of Early Deep Vein Thrombosis Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Chen Yuting , Roumeng Chen , Wang Ying , SAIBOU BALKISSOU , Pan Lechen , Ang Guo , Li Yuqian , Xie Chenglong , Xu Yuchen , Wang Xinshi
Published: March 2024

Objective: Our objective was to identify the risk factors associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) subsequent to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), as well as devise a highly effective and personalized predictive model for anticipating DVT occurrence in patients diagnosed with ICH.
Methods: Our research recruited a total of 875 consecutive patients diagnosed with ICH, who were then randomly split in a ratio of 3:1. The derivation group consisted of 584 individuals, while the validation cohort included 291 participants. Variables were screened from demographics, comorbidities, clinical symptoms, neuroimaging features, initial treatment in hospital, and laboratory tests. In the derivation cohort, we developed a prediction model with multivariable logistic regression analysis. In the validation cohort, we assessed the model performance and compared it to previously reported models.
Results: Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that older age (OR 1.067, 95%CI 1.040-1.095), impaired consciousness (OR 1.485, 95%CI 1.008-2.189), and infection (OR 1.905, 95%CI 1.075-3.379), were independent risk factors for early DVT. In contrast, rehabilitation (OR 0.227, 95%CI 0.118-0.438) and intact muscle stress (OR 0.828, 95%CI 0.757-0.905) were independent protective factors. We integrated these variables to construct a nomogram model. Compared to previous models, our model is well calibrated, showing higher C statistics in decision curve analysis and better reclassification ability.
Conclusions: We developed a new and efficient clinical prediction model for the rapid prediction of the probability of early DVT in patients with ICH.
Perturbed Halpern-type Algorithm Involving Multiple Split Equality Problems With Application to Dynamical Systems
Authors: ALI BASHIR , NUHU ABDULNASIR BALA
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we study multiple split equality problem involving finite family of split equality problems, fixed point problems and monotone variational inclusion problems in p-uniformly convex uniformly smooth real Banach space. We propose Halpern-type iterative algorithm for obtaining common solution of the problems listed above and derive strong convergence theorem for the algorithm under standard and mild conditions. The algorithm does not require prior knowledge of operator norm. We give some application of split equality problem in obtaining stablity of some dynamical systems, we also introduce a new dynamical system.
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification. 47H09, 47J25.
Outcomes of Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy in Men after Trans-Urethral Resection of the Prostate: A Matched-Pair Analysis
Authors: Carbin Danny Darlington , Chedid Wissam Abou , Hindley Richard , Eden Christopher
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Prior history of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) can complicate Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Very few studies analyse the outcomes of RARP in men with a prior history of TURP.
Methods
We analysed the oncological and functional outcomes of RARP in post-TURP men from our prospectively maintained database. We included the RARP data from January 2016 to January 2022. Thirty men who had RARP with a prior history of TURP were identified (Group 2). They were matched using R software and propensity score matching to 90 men with no previous TURP (Group-1). The groups were matched for age, body mass index (BMI) and D’Amico risk category in a 1:3 ratio. The two-year oncological and functional outcomes were compared.
Results
Overall, the study found no significant difference between the groups in the preoperative parameters, such as BMI, age, clinical stage, prostate volume, and D’amico risk grouping. There was no difference in the estimated blood loss. The TURP group had a lower chance of having a nerve spare (p = 0.03). The median console time was longer in the TURP group (140 minutes (120,180) versus 168 (129,190) p = 0.058). The postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo 3a 2% versus 6.7%) and hospital stay (median of 2 days), positive surgical margins, continence, and biochemical recurrence rates at 3, 12, and 24 months were not statistically different between the groups.
Conclusion
In high-volume centres, the oncological and continence outcomes of RARP post-TURP are not inferior to that of men without prior TURP.
Adherence to and optimization of guidelines for Risk of Recurrence/Prosigna testing using a machine learning model: a Swedish multicenter study
Authors: Kjällquist Una , Tsiknakis Nikolaos , Acs Balazs , Margolin Sara , Kessler Luisa Edman , Levy Scarlett , Ekholm Maria , Lundgren Christine , Olsson Erik , Lindman Henrik , Valachis Antonios , Hartman Johan , Foukakis Theodoros , Matikas Alexios
Published: March 2024

Purpose
Gene expression profiles are used for decision making in the adjuvant setting of hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative (HR+/HER2-) breast cancer. Previous studies have reported algorithms to optimize the use of RS/Oncotype Dx but no such efforts have focused on ROR/Prosigna. We sought to improve pe-selection of patients before testing using machine learning.
Methods
Postmenopausal women with resected HR+/HER2- node negative breast cancer tested with ROR/Prosigna in four Swedish regions were included (n = 348). We used the ROR/Prosigna assessment results to compare the performance of four risk classifications in terms of over- and undertreatment. We developed and validated a machine learning model that comprised simple prognostic factors (size, progesterone receptor expression, grade and Ki67) for prediction of ROR/Prosigna outcome.
Results
Adherence to guidelines reached 66.3%, with non-tested patients being older and having more comorbidities (p < 0.001). Previous risk classifications led to excessive undertreatments (CTS5: 21.8%, MINDACT/TailorX risk definitions: 28.1%) or large intermediate groups that would need to be tested with gene expression profiling (Ki67 cut-offs according to Plan B: 86.5%). The model achieved AUC under ROC for predicting ROR/Prosigna result of 0.77 in the training and 0.83 in the validation cohort. By setting and validating upper and lower cut-offs in the model, we could improve correct risk stratification and decrease the proportion of patients needing testing with ROR/Prosigna compared to current management.
Conclusion
We show the feasibility of machine learning algorithms to improve patient selection for gene expression profiling. Further validation in external cohorts is needed.
Hepatic LRP-1 plays an important role in amyloidosis in Alzheimer’s disease mice: Potential role in chronic heavy alcohol feeding
Authors: Chandrashekar Devaraj V. , Roules G. Chuli , Jagadeesan Nataraj , Oyegbesan Adenike , Imiruaye Oghenetega E. , Zhang Hai , Garcia Jerome , Win Sanda , Than Tin A. , Kaplowitz Neil , Roosan Moom , Han Derick , Sumbria Rachita K.
Published: March 2024

Background: Hepatic lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1) plays a central role in peripheral Aβ clearance, but its importance in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology is understudied. Our previous work showed that intragastric alcohol feeding to C57BL/6Jmice reduced hepatic LRP-1 expression which correlated with significant AD-relevant changes in the brain. Herein, we examined the role of hepatic LRP-1 in AD pathogenesis in APP/PS1 AD mice using two approaches to modulate hepatic LRP-1, intragastric alcohol feeding to model chronic heavy drinking shown by us to reduce hepatic LRP-1, and hepato-specific LRP-1 silencing; both approaches have never been attempted in AD mice.
Methods: Eight-month-old male APP/PS1 mice were fed ethanol or control diet intragastrically for 5 weeks (n=7-11/group). Brain and liver Aβ were assessed using immunoassays. Three important mechanisms of brain amyloidosis were investigated: hepatic LRP-1 (major peripheral Aβ regulator), blood-brain barrier (BBB) function (vascular Aβ regulator), and microglia (major brain Aβ regulator) using immunoassays. Spatial LRP-1 gene expression in the periportal versus pericentral hepatic regions was confirmed using NanoString GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiler. Further, hepatic LRP-1 was silenced by injecting LRP-1 microRNA delivered by the adeno-associated virus 8 (AAV8) and the hepato-specific thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) promoter to 4-month-old male APP/PS1 mice (n=6). Control APP/PS1 mice received control AAV8 (n=6). Spatial memory and locomotion were assessed 12 weeks after LRP-1 silencing using Y-maze and open-field test, respectively, and brain and liver Aβ were measured.
Results: Alcohol feeding reduced plaque-associated microglia in APP/PS1 mice brains and increased aggregated Aβ (p<0.05) by ELISA and 6E10-positive Aβ load by immunostaining (p<0.05). Increased brain Aβ corresponded with a significant downregulation of hepatic LRP-1 (p<0.01) at the protein and transcript level, primarily in pericentral hepatocytes (zone 3) where alcohol-induced injury occurs. Hepato-specific LRP-1 silencing significantly increased brain Aβ and locomotion hyperactivity (p<0.05) in APP/PS1 mice.
Conclusion: Chronic heavy alcohol intake reduced hepatic LRP-1 expression and increased brain Aβ. The hepato-specific LRP-1 silencing similarly increased brain Aβ which was associated with behavioral deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Collectively, our results suggest that hepatic LRP-1 is a key regulator of brain amyloidosis in alcohol-dependent AD.
Integral Evaluation of the Cellulose of Tibouchina lepidota (Bonpl.) Baill. for the Valorization of Residues in Sustainable Forestry Management
Authors: Vela Dennis Renato Manzano , Vizuete Rolando Fabián Zabala , Mancheno Ana Carola Flores
Published: March 2024

This study investigates cellulose extracted from Tibouchina lepidota, a native forest species of Ecuador. It focuses on its potential for industrial use, highlighting its role in the circular economy and carbon footprint reduction. The research explores the use of forest waste as a cellulose source, proposing sustainable alternatives to traditional tree species. The methodology includes botanical identification, sample pretreatment, and cellulose extraction through an alkaline process. The extracted cellulose was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and optical microscopy, examining its morphology, structure, and solubility to determine its typology. Results revealed that particle size significantly influences cellulose extraction yield, with smaller particles showing higher efficiency, confirming it as beta-type via solubility tests in alkaline solutions. Microscopic observations indicated a high-quality filamentous structure, with thin, long, and non-oriented filaments. This research demonstrates the viability of Tibouchina lepidota as a sustainable cellulose source, highlighting its potential for industry and contribution to more sustainable and balanced forest management practices, providing a solid foundation for future developments in bioeconomy and composite material industry.
Evaluation of Ocular Surface in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients under Conventional Synthetic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
Authors: Boncukçu Kadriye Demir , Çakır Burçin , Aksoy Nilgün Özkan , Kahyaoğlu Zeynep , Gönüllü Emel
Published: March 2024

Purpose: To evaluate and compare ocular surface findings in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients under conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).
Material and Methods: The files of adult patients (≥18 years) diagnosed with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) according to the 2010 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)–European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis were reviewed retrospectively. RA disease activity was evaluated according to the DAS-28 score, and patients with similar severity of disease were enrolled. Patients received hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and leflunomide treatments, were determined as group 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Ocular surface evaluation, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, Schirmer 1 test, tear break-up time (TBUT), Oxford scoring according to corneal and conjunctival fluorescein staining (CFS), Conjunctival impression cytology (CIC), and the presence of posterior blepharitis were noted and statistically compared between the groups.
Results: The mean age of 49 RA patients was 57.9±10.2 years; 39 were female, and 10 were male. The mean follow-up period for RA was 12.1±7.8 years. The numbers of patients were 19, 15, and 14 in group 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The median (min max) OSDI questionnaire scores for the groups were 31.3(19.2-68.75) ,33.4(19.7-69.7), 49(21.1-67.1), respectively (p>0.05). The median (min-max)) Schirmer 1 test was 9mm (2-14mm) in group 1, 8mm (4-20mm) in group 2, and 7mm (5-15mm) in group 3 (p>0.005). Tear film BUT test was measured as 7s (3-10s), 5.5s (2-10s), and 5s (2-10s) in the groups, respectively (p>0.005). Statistically significant difference was not found in terms of Oxford score which evaluates the staining of the ocular surface with fluorescein (p>0.005). According to the Nelson grading of CIC, statistically significant difference was observed between the groups. (p=0,016). The presence of posterior blepharitis was statistically significant different among groups (p=0.003).
Conclusion: Grade 3 CIC score was highest in the patients under leflunomide therapy. Besides, posterior blepharitis was observed more frequently in the patients under methotrexate therapy.