bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tetranuclear and trinuclear copper(i) pyrazolates as catalysts in copper mediated azide–alkyne cycloadditions (CuAAC)
Authors: Patterson Monika R. , Dias H. V. Rasika
Published: December 2021

Tetranuclear copper complexes are very competent catalysts for the azide–alkyne cycloadditions. Related trinuclear species supported by electron-rich pyrazolates are notably less effective mediators of this reaction under the same conditions.
Gut-microbial adaptation and transformation of silver nanoparticles mediated the detoxification of Daphnia magna and their offspring
Authors: Li Yingdong , Wang Wen-Xiong , Liu Hongbin
Published: December 2021

Toxic differences between antibacterial silver (either ionic Ag+ and nanoparticle – AgNPs) were related to the microbial metabolism of enriched organic matter in the gut.
Impact of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and individual DES components on alcohol dehydrogenase catalysis: connecting experimental data and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Bittner Jan Philipp , Zhang Ningning , Huang Lei , Domínguez de María Pablo , Jakobtorweihen Sven , Kara Selin
Published: December 2021

The systematic study on the effects of DESs and their individual components with the joint forces of experiments and MD simulations for the design of enzyme-compatible green solvents.
Tailoring co-doping of cobalt and nitrogen in a fullerene-based carbon composite and its effect on the supercapacitive performance
Authors: Jiang Bohong , Zhang Guangpu , Tang Qin , Meng Fancang , Zhou Dechun , Zhao Wenli , Jiang Wei , Ji Qingmin
Published: December 2021

Controllable cobalt and nitrogen are in situ formed in mesoporous carbon composites via fullerene self-assembly and pyrolysis, which lead to an enhanced electrochemical performance.
Janusene as a silver ion scavenger: insights from computation
Authors: Colaço Matheus C. , Caramori Giovanni F. , Parreira Renato L. T. , Laali Kenneth K.
Published: December 2021

The ability of Janusene to interact simultaneously with multiple silver ions.
Deep and compact dentinal tubule occlusion via biomimetic mineralization and mineral overgrowth
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Duan Yuyan , Shan Songzhe , Sun Kaida , Wang Gang , Shao Changyu , Tang Zhenhang , Xu Zekai , Zhou Yanyan , Chen Zhi , Tang Ruikang , Pan Haihua , Xie Zhijian
Published: December 2021

A new strategy for the deep and compact occlusion of dentinal tubules via crystal overgrowth of collagen matrix that is suitable for long-term treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.
Low-dimensional phase suppression and defect passivation of quasi-2D perovskites for efficient electroluminescence and low-threshold amplified spontaneous emission
Authors: Jin Guangrong , Liu Tanghao , Li Yuanzhao , Zhou Jiadong , Zhang Dengliang , Pang Peiyuan , Ye Ziqing , Xing Zhaohui , Xing Guichuang , Chen Jiangshan , Ma Dongge
Published: December 2021

Synergistically tailoring phase components and reducing trap density enable quasi-2D perovskites to achieve light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with high efficiency and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) with low threshold.
Intraband dynamics of mid-infrared HgTe quantum dots
Authors: Ruppert Matthias , Bui Hanh , Sagar Laxmi Kishore , Geiregat Pieter , Hens Zeger , Bester Gabriel , Huse Nils
Published: December 2021

Femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopy reveals ultrafast carrier dynamics in mid-infrared (MIR) colloidal HgTe nanoparticles with a bandgap of 2.5 μm at a mean energy dissipation rate of 0.36 eV ps−1 irrespective of excitation wavelength.
Correction: Influence of 4f filling on electronic and magnetic properties of rare earth-Au surface compounds
Authors: Fernandez L. , Blanco-Rey M. , Castrillo-Bodero R. , Ilyn M. , Ali K. , Turco E. , Corso M. , Ormaza M. , Gargiani P. , Valbuena M. A. , Mugarza A. , Moras P. , Sheverdyaeva P. M. , Kundu Asish K. , Jugovac M. , Laubschat C. , Ortega J. E. , Schiller F.
Published: December 2021

Correction for ‘Influence of 4f filling on electronic and magnetic properties of rare earth-Au surface compounds’ by L. Fernandez et al., Nanoscale, 2020, 12, 22258–22267, DOI: 10.1039/D0NR04964F.
Unexpected ring opening of pyrazolines with activated alkynes: synthesis of 1H-pyrazole-4,5-dicarboxylates and chromenopyrazolecarboxylates
Authors: Kolla Sai Teja , Rayala Nageswara Rao , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Bhimapaka China Raju
Published: December 2021

1H-Pyrazole-4,5-dicarboxylates and chromenopyrazolecarboxylates were prepared by the reaction of pyrazolines with activated alkynes under neat conditions without a catalyst for the first time.
Insight into the influence of the polymerization time of polydopamine nanoparticles on their size, surface properties and nanomedical applications
Authors: Djermane Rania , Nieto Celia , Vargas Julio C. , Vega Milena , Martín del Valle Eva M.
Published: December 2021

In the last decade, novel strategies to synthesize polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) have been continuously developed owing to useful applications of this synthetic melanin analog in nanotechnology.
Photochemical and electrochemical strategies in C–F bond activation and functionalization
Authors: Wang Zhanghong , Sun Yu , Shen Liu-Yu , Yang Wen-Chao , Meng Fei , Li Pinhua
Published: December 2021

The recent advances in photochemical or electrochemical C–F bond activation and functionalization have been summarized and discussed.
Mechanistic insights into the rhodium-catalyzed aryl C–H carboxylation
Authors: Liu DeGuang , Xu ZheYuan , Liu MingQiang , Fu Yao
Published: December 2021

We have conducted an in-depth theoretical exploration of the details for direct C–H bond activation and lactonization of 2-arylphenols.
Copper-catalyzed oxidative phosphonoheteroarylation of alkenes with phosphonates and N-heteroarenes via P–H/C–H functionalization
Authors: Xu Chong-Hui , Xiong Zhi-Qiang , Li Yang , Zhu Yan-Ping , Li Jin-Heng
Published: December 2021

Copper-catalyzed oxidative phosphonoheteroarylation of alkenes with phosphonates and nucleophilic N-heteroarenes via P–H/C–H functionalization is depicted.
A coordination cage hosting ultrafine and highly catalytically active gold nanoparticles
Authors: Hang Xinxin , Wang Shentang , Pang Huan , Xu Qiang
Published: December 2021

The size-controlled synthesis of Au NPs was achieved by using a coordination cage CIAC-108 as a support. The Au NPs encapsulated within the cavity of CIAC-108 show smaller size (∼1.3 nm) than the ones (∼4.7 nm) anchored on the surface of CIAC-108.
Key factors boosting the performance of planar ZnFe2O4 photoanodes for solar water oxidation
Authors: Polo Annalisa , Boudoire Florent , Lhermitte Charles R. , Liu Yongpeng , Guijarro Néstor , Dozzi Maria Vittoria , Selli Elena , Sivula Kevin
Published: December 2021

The interplay between high film crystallinity and n-type doping in enhancing the performance of ZnFe2O4 thin film photoanodes has been revealed. Maximum benefit was achieved for the ca. 300 nm-thick photoactive layer with superior photon harvesting.
Deregulation of ribosomal proteins in human cancers
Authors: El Khoury Wendy , Nasr Zeina
Published: December 2021

The ribosome, the site for protein synthesis, is composed of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and ribosomal proteins (RPs). The latter have been shown to have many ribosomal and extraribosomal functions. RPs are implicated in a variety of pathological processes, especially tumorigenesis and cell transformation. In this review, we will focus on the recent advances that shed light on the effects of RPs deregulation in different types of cancer and their roles in regulating the tumor cell fate.
Audiology, an Important Contributor to Interprofessional Holistic Care: An Interprofessional Collaborative Case Example
Authors: Skinner Kimberly , Maxwell Barbara , Baskerville Amanda , Milanović Jovan
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

Interprofessional collaboration improves health outcomes, enhances health care satisfaction, and facilitates more effective use of resources. Interprofessional collaborators increasingly understand and value other professions. A.T. Still University provides students from multiple programs with opportunities to develop interprofessional collaboration skills. This research note presents details of one such interprofessional education (IPE) opportunity, a collaborative case. Audiology was part of this case in two ways: Audiologic details of the simulated patient were provided to all students, and audiology students participated in the experience. The results of this involvement are reported. This research note is primarily descriptive in nature; however, the question of whether students viewed their interprofessional competencies as improving following the IPE experience was explored using a validated self-report tool, the Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Survey (ICCAS).

Method:

A total of 23 students completed the ICCAS. Additionally, student case presentations were reviewed and audiology-based recommendations were tallied.

Results:

Highly significant differences (
p
 ≤ .01) for all 20 items on the ICCAS were observed for differences in self-assessed interprofessional skills knowledge. All but one of the 12 teams made specific recommendations regarding the communication needs of the patient.

Conclusions:

Students viewed their own competencies related to interprofessional collaboration as improved following the collaborative case experience. Overall, the collaborative case experience was effective in providing students with the opportunity to develop a breadth of skills needed for interprofessional collaboration. Providing audiologic information in the case history prompted all but one team to consider patient communication needs.
Use of goal programing and the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process to obtain the product mix
Authors: Zárate Claudia Noemí , Esteban Alejandra María , Berardi María Betina , Ledesma Frank Keila
Published: December 2021

This study proposes a methodology that integrates Weighted Goal Programing with the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process to obtain the product mix in a multi‐bottleneck system. The problem is approached by analysing a case of a company that manufactures four products that must pass through six workstations. The opinion of four specialists involved in the decision is considered and goals are set contemplating profit maximisation, the balance between workstations, exploitation of bottleneck resources and customer satisfaction. The prioritisation of these objectives is obtained through the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process. This methodology takes into account the uncertainty in the evaluation of the experts. From its application, a single crisp vector is obtained, which is transformed into the weights of the goals. The result is a product mix that satisfies the goals, corresponding to the experts' opinions.
Robust controller design for rotary inverted pendulum using H∞$H\infty$ and μ$\mu$‐synthesis techniques
Authors: Pramanik Sourav , Anwar Sohel
Published: December 2021

An controller is designed to control a rotary inverted pendulum in its upright equilibrium position. The key contribution of this work is a robust controller architecture design to accommodate for uncertainty in actuator model. Robust stability and performance for a given degree of actuator and measurement uncertainty is achieved using the well established techniques of ‐synthesis and robust control methods. The design focuses on stabilizing an Inverted Pendulum in an upright position within a tolerable desired angle margin (). A dynamic plant is designed based on already established theories and published papers. It is observed that the plant is completely observable for the pendulum angle and the motor arm link angle. These two signals are also measurable via encoders and is used as an input for the controller. The output of the controller is voltage actuation which drives the motor to stabilize the pendulum in an upright position (= 0 with +/− 10 deg tolerance). A Robust Stability analysis is done along with Robust Performance, to study the stability and performance margins under modelled uncertainties. As a comparative study, a rudimentary pole placement method is also analyzed.
A new method for rapeseed hulls purification – Proof of concept
Authors: Carré Patrick , Loison Jean-Philippe
Published: December 2021

The loss of fats in the hulls is one of the main obstacles limiting the industrial implementation of rapeseed dehulling. The main reason resides in the shape of rapeseed outer cotyledons which resemble to the hulls’ shape and make it difficult to separate. The purpose of this study is to propose a new method for the purification of rapeseed hulls. After primary separation by aspiration, the mixture of hulls and kernels is passed between a pair of flat rolls where kernels are flattened and stick to the metal while the hulls do not. We exploited this property to adapt a small laboratory flaker with two counter-rotating cylinders of 65 mm diameter with scrapers that make the kernels fall away from the hulls. Process optimization by tunning experimental conditions (hulls moisture content, roller spacing, roller speed and feed rate) allowed the determination of the optimal operating conditions. Experiments showed that wetting improves the purity of the hulls but reduces the one of the recovered kernels. A gap of 0.1 mm was necessary. In addition, it was shown that the sorting quality depends on the ratio flow-rate / rotation-speed. The best performances are reached around 1 g.s−1.rpm−1. In these conditions, the hulls and kernels purity were 96% and 94% respectively. This preliminary work has allowed us to prove the concept. The next step will be to develop a pilot plant to validate the process efficiency on a larger scale (100 kg/h).
Hyperalgesie induziert durch ultrahohe Dosen von Morphin – eine Kasuistik
Authors: Hofbauer Hannes , Wirz Stefan , Steffen Peter
Published: December 2021

Eine 38-jährige Patientin mit umfangreich metastasiertem Mammakarzinom fiel durch eine ausgeprägte Hyperalgesie sowie Angst und Unruhe unter ultrahohen intravenösen Morphindosen bis 56 mg/h auf. Die Hinzunahme von Esketamin als NMDA-Rezeptorantagonist bei angenommener opioidinduzierter Hyperalgesie sowie Midazolam konnte keine Verbesserung erzielen. Erst die Umstellung auf Levomethadon führte zu ausreichender Analgesie und Verbesserung der Unruhe und Angst. Unter dieser Medikation verstarb die Patientin mit ausreichender Analgesie und mit nur im finalen Stadium beeinträchtigter Kognition.

Chronische Opioideinnahme kann eine opioidinduzierte Hyperalgesie auslösen, wobei v. a. NMDA-Rezeptorantagonisten neben einem Entzug als Therapieoption empfohlen werden. Da Esketamin unzureichend wirkte, ist als möglicher Auslöser aber eher der neuroexzitatorische Morphinmetabolit Morphin-3-Glukuronid anzunehmen, der vermutlich trotz normaler Nierenfunktion diese Nebenwirkung aufgrund der extrem hohen Dosis ausgelöst hat. Bei hohen Morphindosen sollte dies als mögliche Ursache bedacht und somit ein Opioidwechsel erwogen werden.
Fixação intramedular com parafusos de compressão versus técnica do buquê em fraturas instáveis do colo do metacarpo em pacientes ativos: Ensaio clínico randomizado
Authors: Aita Marcio Aurelio , Oliveira Ricardo Kaempf de , Biondi Bruno Gianordoli , Brunelli João Pedro Farina , Ruggiero Gustavo Mantovanni , Delgado Pedro Jose
Published: December 2021

Objetivo Comparar a amplitude de movimento (ADM), o tempo de retorno de trabalho, a pontuação na escala visual analógica (EVA), o escore no questionário abreviado incapacidade do braço, ombro e mão (QuickDASH, na sigla em inglês) e os resultados radiográficos de dois métodos de fixação interna definitiva em pacientes ativos com fraturas do boxer; operados na primeira semana.

Métodos Este foi um ensaio prospectivo randomizado, no qual 50 pacientes, com idade mediana na faixa de 18 a 40 anos, foram randomizados e tratados com fixação intramedular definitiva utilizando 2 parafusos de compressão (n = 20) ou buquê (2 ou 3 fios de Kirschner) (n = 20). Os pacientes foram avaliados em relação ao tempo de retorno ao trabalho, à ADM, ao desfecho relatado pelo paciente no questionário QuickDASH, à EVA e à avaliação radiográfica aos 6 meses.

Resultados Aos 6 meses, não houve diferenças entre os 2 grupos em termos de ADM, dor pós-operatória (EVA) ou escore no QuickDASH. A taxa global de complicações foi de 4,76% no grupo de fixação com parafusos, em comparação com 5% no grupo de fixação com a técnica do buquê.

Conclusões Parafusos de compressão e fixação com buquês provaram ser tratamentos seguros e confiáveis para pacientes ativos com fraturas instáveis. Os resultados foram semelhantes nos dois grupos.
Avaliação clínica comparativa de duas técnicas no tratamento artroscópico das lesões parciais articulares do manguito rotador
Authors: Sella Guilherme do Val , Silva Luciana Andrade da , Checchia Caio Santos , Marmille Hector Carmona , Santili Cláudio , Miyazaki Alberto Naoki
Published: December 2021

Objetivos Avaliar os resultados clínicos dos pacientes submetidos ao tratamento artroscópico da lesão parcial da porção articular do manguito rotador pelas técnicas de sutura transtendão e após completada a lesão e comparar o tempo de recuperação pós-operatório das duas técnicas.

Método Estudo retrospectivo baseado na identificação de todos os casos com lesão parcial da porção articular do manguito rotador submetidos a tratamento artroscópico no período de outubro de 1999 a dezembro de 2016 pelo Grupo de Ombro e Cotovelo da nossa instituição. Foram incluídos 39 pacientes divididos em 2 grupos: os que foram submetidos à técnica transtendínea e os outros em que a lesão foi completada. Os dois grupos foram estatisticamente semelhantes. Foi realizada a análise dos respectivos prontuários, da identificação da técnica aplicada, dos resultados pós-operatórios e das complicações relacionadas. A avaliação funcional foi realizada através do escore da University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA).

Resultados Não houve diferença estatisticamente relevante entre os grupos, com escore UCLA médio de 32, não havendo diferença também no tempo necessário para reabilitação.

Conclusão Não houve diferença entre o resultado clínico dos pacientes, independente da técnica empregada para o reparo das lesões parciais da porção articular do manguito rotador com resultados satisfatórios em 93% dos casos.
Can Prenatal and Postnatal Cell Phone Exposure Increase Adverse Maternal, Infant and Child Outcomes?
Authors: Ashrafinia Farzaneh , Moeindarbari Somayeh , Razmjouei Parisa , Ghazanfarpour Masumeh , Najafi Mona Najaf , Ghalibaf Amir Ali Moodi , Abdi Fatemeh
Published: December 2021

Objective To determine the association between maternal mobile phone use and adverse outcomes in infants, children, and mothers.

Method In March 202, we conducted a search on the MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases. Data extraction and an assessment of the quality of the studies were performed by two authors. The quality of the studies was assessed using the checklist of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

Results Studies assessing behavioral problems in infants aged 6 to 18 months reported null findings. However, an increased risk of emotional and behavioral disorders was observed in children aged between 7 and 11 years whose mothers had been exposed to cell phones. The findings regarding the association between maternal cell phone exposure and adverse outcomes in children aged 3 to 5 are controversial. A study found a significant association between the call time (p = 0.002) or the history of mobile phone use (in months) and speech disorders in the children (p = 0.003). However, another study found that maternal cell phone use during pregnancy was not significantly associated with child psychomotor and mental developments. Inconclusive results were observed about the adverse outcomes in fetuses, such as fetal growth restriction or t scores for birth weight in cell phone users as opposed to non-users. On the contrary, the children of mothers who were cell phone users had a lower risk of scoring low on motor skills. Similar results were observed regarding the adverse outcomes of cell phone use in infants, such as fetal growth restriction or low birth weight, and the risk of preeclampsia was lower among subjects with medium and high cell phone exposure, as opposed to those with low exposure.

Conclusion Studies on behavioral problems have reported different postnatal results, such as null findings among infants and a positive association in children.
Estratégia para o tratamento conservador da camptodactilia de tipo III em criança com síndrome de Beals-Hecht
Authors: Oliveira Maria da Conceição Soares de , Almeida Saulo Fontes , Monteiro Anderson Vieira , Oliveira Maria Caroliny Soares de , Figueiredo Felipe Soares , Aguiar Diego Pinheiro
Published: December 2021

Os autores apresentam um caso bem-sucedido no tratamento conservador da camptodactilia de tipo III em paciente com síndrome de Beals-Hecht. A camptodactilia é uma deformidade em flexão da articulação interfalangeana proximal (IFP), no sentido anteroposterior, indolor, e bilateral em 2/3 dos casos. A de tipo III é a forma mais grave e incapacitante, pois geralmente acomete vários dedos e está associada a síndromes e outras malformações. O caso apresentado teve a correção alcançada com o uso sistemático de órteses estáticas iniciado aos 7 meses de idade e concluído após 23 meses e meio de intervenção.
Teleoncology Orientation of Low-Income Breast Cancer Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Feasibility and Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Miziara Roberta Amparado , Maesaka Jonathan Yugo , Matsumoto Danielle Ramos Martin , Penteado Laura , Anacleto Ariane Andrade dos Santos , Accorsi Tarso Augusto Duenhas , Lima Karine De Amicis , Cordioli Eduardo , D´Alessandro Gabriel Salum
Published: December 2021

Objective The present study aims to assess the feasibility and patient satisfaction of teleoncology orientation in a vulnerable population of breast cancer patients assessed in a government health system during the coronavirus pandemic in 2020.

Methods Eligible patients received an invitation to receive remote care to minimize exposure to an environment in which the risk of respiratory infection was present. The means of communication was telephone through an application that allows free conversation with no charge. An anonymous-response questionnaire based on a Likert-type scale was sent through a cell phone application or e-mail directly to each patient or close relative of the patient immediately after teleconsultation. Responses to the questions, which addressed utility, facility, interface quality, interaction quality, reliability, satisfaction, and interest in future evaluation, were compiled and analyzed.

Results A total of 176 eligible patients scheduled for consultation were evaluated and 98 were included. Seventy (71.4%) successfully undertook the teleorientation. The questionnaire was submitted by 43 (61.4%) patients. The overall teleoncology orientation was classified as very positive by 41 (95.3%) patients. Specifically, regarding the questionnaire items, 43 (100%) patients scored 4 or 5 (agreed that the teleconsultation was beneficial) concerning the facility, followed by 42 (97.2%) for the interface quality, 41 (95.3%) for both utility and interaction quality, 40 (93%) for satisfaction and interest in future evaluation, and, finally, 39 (90.6%) for reliability.

Conclusion Teleoncology orientation of low-income breast cancer patients is most feasible and leads to high patient satisfaction.
Designing Lateral Thoracic Wall Perforator Flaps for Breast Reconstruction Using Ultrasound
Authors: Salgarello Marzia , Visconti Giuseppe
Published: December 2021

Background Lateral thoracic flaps represent a precious source for partial and total breast reconstruction, in some cases as first option and in other cases as alternative of free flaps. This article describes the ultrasound (US)-based planning of the lateral thoracic wall perforator adipocutaneous flaps and it reports our experience on 52 consecutive flaps.

Methods From November 2018 to May 2021, 52 consecutive lateral thoracic wall perforator flaps were performed using the US-based method for reconstruction of partial breast defects and total breast reconstruction. High-frequency US was performed in all cases prior to surgery to select the best perforator and design the flap.

Results Of the 52 cases, 41 were lateral intercostal artery perforator flaps (78.8%), and 11 were thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flaps. Of the 11 TDAP flaps, 2 cases were based on the direct cutaneous branch. Moreover, in two other cases clinically scheduled for lateral thoracic perforator flaps due to the presence of an appropriate axillary roll, no suitable local/regional perforators were detected with the preoperative US examination and the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap was performed.

Conclusion Preoperative planning of these flaps using US speeds the surgery and makes it easier and more efficient. Therefore, it is reasonable that the color duplex ultrasound is the operative surgeon's tool for mapping the lateral thoracic wall perforators and to appropriately plan each flap.
Economic Impact of Refinements in ERAS Pathways in DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Rodnoi Pope , Teotia Sumeet S. , Haddock Nicholas T.
Published: December 2021

Introduction Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols at our institution have led to an expected decrease in hospital length of stay and opioid consumption for patients treated with deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps for breast reconstruction. We look to examine the economic patterns across these years to see the impact of costs for the patient and institution.

Methods This study retrospectively evaluated consecutive patients treated with bilateral DIEP flaps for breast reconstruction between October 2015 and August 2020. We categorized the cases into three categories: pre-ERAS, ERAS, ERAS + bupivacaine. Primary outcomes observed included the contribution margin per operating suite case minute and total cost to the patient. An analysis of variance determined whether there was a difference between the three groups and a Tukey post-hoc analysis made pairwise comparisons. A p-value < 0.05 was significant.

Results A total of 268 cases of bilateral DIEPs performed by the two senior authors were analyzed in this study. Seventy-four cases were pre-ERAS, 72 were ERAS, and 122 were ERAS + bupivacaine. There was a statistical difference between the contribution margin per operating minute. A Tukey post hoc test revealed that the average contribution margin per operating suite case minute was significantly higher for the ERAS and ERAS + bupivacaine compared with the pre-ERAS groups.

There was a statistically significant difference between the total cost to the patients. A Tukey post hoc test revealed that the average total cost to the patient was statistically significantly lower for the ERAS and ERAS + bupivacaine compared with the pre-ERAS group.

Conclusion Implementation of ERAS and continued improvements in ERAS resulted in significantly decreased costs for the patient and increased profitability for the hospital. Investing in improvements to ERAS protocols can improve profitability for the institution while simultaneously improving costs and access to care for patients in need of breast reconstruction.
Acoustic wave generated by focused nanosecond laser pulse at air–solid interface: Experiment and modeling
Authors: Chen Yiru , Shen Ruiqi , Wu Lizhi
Published: December 2021

Perturbations are induced by focusing a laser pulse (1064 nm, 10 ns duration, and energy ranging from 3.24 to 12.02 mJ) on a ceramic plate in the air. The generated signals are detected with an optical fiber-based Michelson interferometer. The detected waveforms are similar for various pulse energies, but the dimensions differ. Based on the partial differential equation system from linear acoustic theory, a simple model with a symbolic solution is proposed to explain the detected waveforms. Laser-induced wave energies are estimated based on the model.
Gas inlet impact on neutral density and recycle pattern with a disk shaped antenna in a miniature ion thruster through particle simulation
Authors: Yousefian Ali
Published: December 2021

The gas inlet configuration has a direct impact on the neutral density pattern within a miniature ion thruster. We aimed to investigate the impact the gas inlet configuration and neutral density pattern will have on the neutral recycle rate within a miniature ion thruster utilizing a disk shaped antenna. Four inlet configurations were considered for this study, and 3D electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulation was utilized to simulate the plasma inside the discharge chamber. The simulation results indicate a clear shift in neutral density toward the inlet, with the single horizontal inlet configuration having a 45% increase in neutral density in the vicinity of the inlet walls. The neutral recycle rate also experienced a clear shift toward the inlet walls, with the single bottom inlet configuration experiencing a 23% increase in the rate of ion loss near the inlet wall and a similar 22% increase for the single horizontal inlet while the four smaller inlets had a similar rate of neutral recycling throughout. These results are a novelty in this field as they clearly indicate the impact gas inlet and neutral density have on the miniature ion thruster’s performance and open a new area of research to further optimize the gas inlet configuration for miniature ion thrusters.
Outward- and inward-distinguishable bending sensor with silver nanowires sandwiched between polydimethylsiloxane layers
Authors: Park Jiho , Lee Ji-Hoon
Published: December 2021

A bending sensor having a structure in which silver nanowires (AgNWs) are located between polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layers, which can distinguish outward bending and inward bending directions, was fabricated. As the absolute value of curvature increased during outward bending, the relative change in resistance increased, and at a curvature of 0.24 mm−1, it increased by 36% compared to the flat state. In inward bending, the relative change in resistance decreased as the curvature increased. In order to analyze the reason for the opposite resistance change depending on the bending direction, the birefringence of the PDMS polymer during bending was measured using the Stokes polarimetry method. Due to the different locations of the neutral plane with the asymmetric position of the AgNWs, the PDMS polymers were aligned differently. The opposite resistance change during outward and inward bending could be explained as the effect of the different realignments of the AgNWs imprinted by the PDMS polymers.
Phase structure and its temporal evolution under growing single vapor bubble
Authors: Kim Dong Eok , Seok Oh Jong
Published: December 2021

A vapor bubble's footprint on a heated surface is composed of dry and wet regions, and their temporal evolution is governed by several forces, such as gravity, vapor inertia, viscous friction, and capillarity. In this Letter, we derive three types of relations that depict the dynamic variations in the length scales for the bubble base, dry area, and thin liquid film under a single vapor bubble. The proposed relations are validated using measurement results from clear images of the phase structure captured by high-speed visualization. Here, we reveal that the viscous friction is a dominant force acting on the bubble expansion process; however, it has been previously ignored for simplicity in dealing with the classical Rayleigh equation. Additionally, the critical role of the liquid wetting character in the vicinity of the moving triple phase line is illuminated to quantify the dry area dynamics. Finally, we find an analytic expression to obtain the thickness profile of the thin liquid film under a bubble based on the well-known Landau and Levich liquid coating theory.
The molecular events underpinning cultivar differences in melatonin counteracting salt damage in
Authors: Han Yiqiang , Gao Yamei , Li Ming , Du Yanli , Zhang Yuxian , Zhang Wenhui , Du Jidao
Published: December 2021

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) plays important roles in multiple stress responses, especially under salt stress. However, cultivar differences in melatonin mediated salt stress tolerance are unclear. Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean) cultivars Jiyin 1 (JY, salt-tolerant) and Xuliyabai (XL, salt-sensitive) were used in this study. Exogenous melatonin significantly improved root growth under salt stress in JY, but had little effect on XL. Physiology analysis showed significant differences in activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide, SOD; and catalase, CAT) and malondialdehyde content between JY and XL. Meanwhile, the change of ABA content in JY and XL root was opposite in salt plus melatonin treatment. Comparative root transcriptomes of JY and XL revealed 3505 and 668 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) regulated by salt stress and melatonin. The most enriched melatonin-responsive genes under salt stress are mainly involved in regulation of transcription, oxidation–reduction process, transcription factor activity, oxidoreductase activity. In addition, melatonin induced more obvious changes of DEGs in JY than that in XL under salt condition. Melatonin also significantly induced 41 DEGs only in JY, including signal transduction genes, transcription factors, ubiquitin protein ligases, ion homeostasis and osmotic adjustment genes etc. This study uncovered the molecular mechanism of cultivar difference of melatonin response under salt stress in common bean.
Combining chemical and biological parameters to assess the ecological quality of a coastal ecosystem in the Levantine Basin
Authors: Ghsoub Myriam , Fakhri Milad , Courp Thierry , Lteif Myriam , Khalaf Gaby , Ludwig Wolfgang
Published: December 2021

For a better evaluation of the ecological status of aquatic ecosystems, especially at the land–sea interface, a multidisciplinary holistic approach is crucial and various indices should be taken into account. The combined use of chemical and biological indices may be an efficient way to determine ecological status in highly dynamic coastal ecosystems. Therefore, the present study analysed grain size composition, organic carbon (OC), major and trace elements and macroinvertebrate communities in surface sediment samples collected from the coastal marine area facing the Ibrahim River. The stations studied were slightly contaminated by trace elements with no effect on biota. Based on the chemical indices and the polychaetes : amphipods ratio, the ecological status of the stations studied was considered good.
Identifying gaps in dual protection from sexually transmissible infections and unintended pregnancies among Australian women: an observational study
Authors: Watchirs Smith Lucy , Liu Bette , Degenhardt Louisa , Richters Juliet , Bateson Deborah , Yeung Anna , Guy Rebecca
Published: December 2021

Background Dual protection refers to the simultaneous prevention of sexually transmissible infection (STI) and unintended pregnancies. Optimal contraception and STI prevention strategies sometimes fail to align. Methods Using data from a large nationally representative population-based survey, we analysed the contraception and STI prevention behaviours at the last vaginal intercourse among 2420 heterosexually active women aged 16–34 years who had participated in the Second Australian Study of Health and Relationships, 2012–13. Results At their last vaginal intercourse, most women (95%) used contraception and half (49%) used condoms, either as a sole multipurpose method or in conjunction with another type of contraception. Condom use was highest (72%) among women whose most recent partner was a casual or occasional partner, followed by women with a regular partner (59%) and women with a cohabiting regular partner (40%). One-third of the women (34%) used condoms as a sole method, and 14% used oral contraceptives together with a condom. Few women used implants or intrauterine devices (8%) and, among them, very few women also used condoms (<1%). Among the women who used a condom at their last vaginal intercourse, 49% reported both the correct use for STI prevention and consistent condom use during the previous 6 months. Among women using condoms, correct and consistent use was also highest among women whose most recent partner was a casual or occasional partner (76%). Conclusions Although almost all women used contraception and half used dual protection, few benefited from the protective effects of using condoms together with highly effective contraception.
Revisiting translation in the age of digital globalization
Authors: You Wu
Published: December 2021

Globalization has gone digital and presents a new type of connectivity virtually today. Digital globalization has transformed the landscape of translation theory and practice, exerting considerable influence on translation studies and the profession of translators. The translation practice evolves with the change of literary expectations driven by the digital revolution. New translation modes have been cultivated by incorporating two essential features of the age, known as technology and participation. Against this backdrop, Chinese web fiction is going global with establishing and developing overseas volunteer translation websites. With this in mind, this paper analyzes the translation model of Chinese web fiction with respect to digital globalization and argues that the fan-based volunteer translation has emerged as a new paradigm that features the “user participation turn” in translation studies.
Grammatical and cognitive factors shaping the conceptualization of motion events
Authors: Zaychenko Katharina
Published: December 2021

Motion event construal gives insight into the nature of the linguistic and conceptual representations underlying the encoding of events. Studies show that event descriptions differ cross-linguistically due to, amongst other factors, the absence or presence of grammatical aspect. While speakers of aspect languages generally focus on the process, speakers of non-aspect languages tend to perceive the event holistically and focus on endpoints. This investigation examines visualendpoint salienceas a further factor that shapes event encoding. Thus, in this model, grammatical aspect is seen as a part of a more complex system of factors that determine event construal. The analyses, which cover German speakers, English speakers, and German-speaking learners of English, involve linguistic production data and results from memory performance tests. The findings show that the focus on endpoints increases for salient stimuli. While German speakers and learners of English show a tendency to focus on endpoints, a clear preference for focusing on the process can be observed in English speakers. Verbalizing endpoints correlates with the ability to remember them in a memorization task. The implications of these outcomes are discussed in the context of two factors which shape event encoding: grammatical aspect and endpoint salience.
Future climate of Africa.
Authors: Cornforth Rosalind , Plumpton Heather
Published: December 2021

This chapter provides a synthesis of the current and future climate risks for Africa and the range of impacts in the medium to long term. It also seeks to highlight areas where research and resources might need to be focused, in the future, to limit or avoid negative climate risks to socio-economic development.
How to model the impact of climate change on vector-borne diseases?
Authors: Caminade Cyril
Published: December 2021

This expert opinion provides an overview of mathematical models that have been used to assess the impact of climate change on ticks and tick-borne diseases, ways forward in terms of improving models for the recent context and broad guidelines for conducting future climate change risk assessment.
Climate influence on tick neurobiology.
Authors: Šimo Ladislav
Published: December 2021

This expert opinion provides a short view of how climate change may impact the tick nervous system and its responses that enhance the tick's biological fitness. Herein, the aim is to primarily focus this work at the level of tick neural/sensory systems and discuss the potential effects of environmental variation on their performance and adaptation.
Climate change and ticks: measuring impacts.
Authors: Wall Richard , Alasmari Saeed
Published: December 2021

This chapter focuses on the relationship between climate change and changes in tick abundance, phenology and disease incidence. It discusses evidences and limitations as well as novel tools (such as metabolic rate measurement) for detecting the impact of climate on ticks.
Scandinavia and ticks in a changing climate.
Authors: Kjær Lene Jung , Bødker René
Published: December 2021

This chapter focuses on the present trends and future predictions in the distribution of endemic Ixodes ricinus ticks and introduction of exotic ticks in Scandinavia under climate change.
Climate change and tick evolution: lessons from the past.
Authors: Mans Ben
Published: December 2021

This expert option discusses the impact of past climatic change events on tick evolution. It also provides insights into how future climatic changes can impact the evolution and biogeographic distribution of ticks and the prevalence of tick-borne diseases.
Changes expected in Ixodes ricinus temporal and spatial distribution in Europe.
Authors: Rizzoli Annapaola
Published: December 2021

This expert opinion discusses the evidence of climate change impact on Ixodes ricinus spatial and temporal distribution in Europe. It also provides predictions on I. ricinus population distribution and seasonal dynamics in relation to future climate change events.
Climate and vector potential of medically important North American ticks.
Authors: Eisen Lars , Eisen Rebecca
Published: December 2021

This expert opinion focuses on climate-related factors and how these interact with landscape and tick host/pathogen reservoir factors to impact the vector potential for the three most notable North American human-biting tick species: Ixodes scapularis, Amblyomma americanum and the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis.
Human behaviour trumps entomological risk.
Authors: Telford Sam
Published: December 2021

This expert opinion argues that human aspects of risk are poorly studied and need to be considered in any discussion of the role of global climate change on risk for vector-borne infections, particularly for those transmitted by ticks. It also covers the many models that are used predict the future distribution of Lyme disease and other tick-borne infections in the USA and elsewhere, based on anticipated changes in weather.
It's all in the timing: effect of tick phenology on pathogen transmission dynamics.
Authors: Diuk-Wasser Maria
Published: December 2021

This expert opinion discusses how the prevalence and persistence of common Ixodes spp.-borne pathogens in the northern hemisphere depends on a delicate balance (determined by the interactions between tick phenology, the duration of infection or infectivity in the host and the life expectancy of hosts); how alternative pathways can enhance persistence; and how these climate-sensitive processes may drive tick and pathogen geographic distribution.
Anaplasma species' novel tick-host-pathogen relationships and effects of climate change.
Authors: Sonenshine Daniel
Published: December 2021

This expert opinion provides a brief review of Anaplasma phagocytophilum growth in its tick host as well as evidence on the impact of climate change on tick and tick-borne disease persistence and spread.
Climate change and tick-borne encephalitis in the Greater Alpine region.
Authors: Rubel Franz
Published: December 2021

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral tick-borne disease. The distribution of human TBE cases ranges from the French departments bordering Germany through Central and Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Kazakhstan to the Far East of Russia and China. In this expert opinion, TBE is described in the greater area of the European Alps, denoted as the Greater Alpine Region (GAR). It also includes reported tick-borne encephalitis cases and evidence for climate change impacts on tick density and distribution as well as the prevalence and intensity of TBE.
Argasid ticks, relapsing fever and a changing climate.
Authors: Teglas Mike
Published: December 2021

This expert opinion focuses on the potential future impact of global warming and climatic change on the distribution of argasid ticks and the prevalence of tick-borne relapsing fever.
Epidemiology of severe fever with thrombocytopaenia syndrome in China.
Authors: Liu Wei , Fang Li-Qun , Li Hao
Published: December 2021

Severe fever with thrombocytopaenia syndrome (SFTS) is a novel emerging virus infection that was first reported in the People's Republic of China in 2010. This expert opinion describes the epidemiological characters of SFTS (geographical distribution, demographic characteristics, seasonal distribution) and epidemiological risks of SFTS infection in China.
The emergence of tick-borne diseases in domestic animals in Australia.
Authors: Oskam Charlotte , Ronai Isobel , Irwin Peter
Published: December 2021

In this expert opinion, two case studies of tick-borne diseases of domestic animals in Australia have been selected to illustrate how climate change can potentially influence the spread of introduced tick species and the pathogens they transmit. The first reports an incursion of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) into northern regions of Australia in April/June 2020 and the second describes the geographical expansion of bovine anaemia due to Theileria orientalis group (BATOG) across Australia since 2006. The introduction of novel pathogens into ecosystems exposed to climate change provides a unique opportunity to study disease dynamics in real time.
The emergence of ticks and tick-borne diseases in the USA.
Authors: Hart Charles , Thangamani Saravanan
Published: December 2021

Ticks are the primary source of vector-borne pathogens in the USA. The native tick species of the USA are adapted for a number of distinct ecosystems and mammalian hosts. As such, several overlapping sylvatic cycles exist within the tick populations. These occur in nature without human involvement. The incursion of humans into these environments can result in sylvatic spillover of these pathogens to humans, causing clinical disease. As tick populations shift, the risk of exposure to emerging, newly introduced and re-emerging pathogens increases, posing a direct threat to human and animal health. Several genera are the source of most tick-borne pathogens in the USA. These include Dermacentor, Amblyomma and Ixodes, with a lesser role for Ornithodoros soft ticks. This expert opinion focuses on the influence of the changing landscape of ticks in the USA and its impact on the emergence of tick-borne pathogens that occurs as a result.
Role of climate and other factors in determining the dynamics of tick and tick-transmitted pathogen populations and distribution in western, central and eastern Africa.
Authors: Githaka Naftaly , Kanduma Esther , Bishop Richard
Published: December 2021

This expert opinion discusses the potential impact of climatic change on vector abundance, survival and transmission of tick-borne pathogens in western, central and eastern Africa. It also discusses the following cases: (1) Rhipicephalus microplus with a focus in West and Central Africa and (2) northern expansion of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus into South Sudan through anthropogenic cattle movement.