bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening for epistatic selection signatures: A simulation study
Authors: Id-Lahoucine S. , Molina A. , Cánovas A. , Casellas J.
Published: January 2019

Detecting combinations of alleles that diverged between subpopulations via selection signature statistics can contribute to decipher the phenomenon of epistasis. This research focused on the simulation of genomic data from subpopulations under divergent epistatic selection (ES). We used D’IS2 and FST statistics in pairs of loci to scan the whole-genome. The results showed the ability to identify loci under additive-by-additive ES (ESaa) by reporting large statistical departures between subpopulations with a high level of divergence, while it did not show the same advantage in the other types of ES. Despite this, limitations such as the difficulty to distinguish between the quasi-complete fixation of one locus by ESaa from other events were observed. However, D’IS2 can detect loci under ESaa by defining a minimum boundary for the minor allele frequency on a multiple subpopulation analysis where ES only takes place in one subset. Even so, the major limitation was distinguishing between ES and single-locus selection (SS); therefore, we can conclude that divergent locus can be also a result of ES. The test conditions with D-statistics of both Ohta (1982a, 1982b) and Black and Krafsur (1985) did not provide evidence to differentiate ES in our simulation framework of isolated subpopulations.
Somatic mutation detection and classification through probabilistic integration of clonal population information
Authors: Dorri Fatemeh , Jewell Sean , Bouchard-Côté Alexandre , Shah Sohrab P.
Published: January 2019

Somatic mutations are a primary contributor to malignancy in human cells. Accurate detection of mutations is needed to define the clonal composition of tumours whereby clones may have distinct phenotypic properties. Although analysis of mutations over multiple tumour samples from the same patient has the potential to enhance identification of clones, few analytic methods exploit the correlation structure across samples. We posited that incorporating clonal information into joint analysis over multiple samples would improve mutation detection, particularly those with low prevalence. In this paper, we develop a new procedure called MuClone, for detection of mutations across multiple tumour samples of a patient from whole genome or exome sequencing data. In addition to mutation detection, MuClone classifies mutations into biologically meaningful groups and allows us to study clonal dynamics. We show that, on lung and ovarian cancer datasets, MuClone improves somatic mutation detection sensitivity over competing approaches without compromising specificity.
Nanoclay-modulated oxygen vacancies of metal oxide
Authors: Zhao Qihang , Fu Liangjie , Jiang Denghui , Ouyang Jing , Hu Yuehua , Yang Huaming , Xi Yunfei
Published: January 2019

The formation of oxygen vacancies is one of the most critical factors that can improve the electronic and catalytic properties of metal oxides, in which an important challenge is to lower the formation energy of oxygen vacancies at the interface structure. Here we show that clay surfaces rich with hydroxyl groups can induce the formation of oxygen vacancies in metal oxide catalysts. Based on density functional theory calculations, kaolinite is shown to hinder the surface dehydration process of Co3O4 nanoparticles, and enhances the charge transfer process at the interface by the highly diffusible protons. Experimental results confirm that vacancy-rich Co3O4 is easily produced by a reduction method and kaolinite enhances the formation of oxygen vacancies and divalent cobalt on the nanoparticle surface. As expected, the defective Co3O4/kaolinite exhibits enhanced catalytic and electrocatalytic performances. This finding provides an improved way to design efficient clay-based catalysts.
Direct ink writing of catalytically active UiO-66 polymer composites
Authors: Young Adam J. , Guillet-Nicolas Rémy , Marshall Ellis S. , Kleitz Freddy , Goodhand Alex J. , Glanville Lloyd B. L. , Reithofer Michael R. , Chin Jia Min
Published: January 2019

Highly catalytic 3D printed UiO-66 composite affords ease of use and clean-up for degradation of nerve agent simulant.
Perturbative triples correction to domain-based local pair natural orbital variants of Mukherjee's state specific coupled cluster method
Authors: Lang Jakub , Brabec Jiří , Saitow Masaaki , Pittner Jiří , Neese Frank , Demel Ondřej
Published: January 2019

In this article we report an implementation of the perturbative triples correction to Mukherjee's state-specific multireference coupled cluster method based on the domain-based pair natural orbital approach (DLPNO-MkCC).
A study of di(amino)stibines with terminal Sb(iii) hydrogen-ligands by X-ray- and neutron-diffraction
Authors: Schwamm Ryan J. , Edwards Alison J. , Fitchett Christopher M. , Coles Martyn P.
Published: January 2019

The structure of a di(amino)stibine has been determined by neutron diffraction giving the first accurate parameters for the SbIII–H bond.
Estimation of arsenic bioaccessibility in raw and cooked radish using simulated in vitro digestion
Authors: Hu Liang , Zhang Baojun , Wu Daishe , Fan Houbao , Tu Jie , Liu Wenfei , Huang Rongzhen , Huang Xueping
Published: January 2019

Boiled cooking should be recommended when we consume As-contaminated vegetables.
Establishing the impact of food matrix effects on the bioaccessibility of nutraceuticals and pesticides using a standardized food model
Authors: Zhang Zipei , Zhang Ruojie , McClements David Julian
Published: January 2019

It is important to establish the impact of food matrix effects on the bioaccessibility of co-ingested substances, such as nutraceuticals, engineered nanomaterials, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides.
Suppressive effects of the supercritical-carbon dioxide fluid extract of Chrysanthemum indicum on chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive-like behavior in mice
Authors: Wu Xiaoli , Tang Benqin , Liao Xian , Su Ziren , Lee Simon Ming-Yuen , Cai Yefeng , Li Chuwen
Published: January 2019

The aim of the present study was to explore whether the supercritical-carbon dioxide fluid extract from flowers and buds of Chrysanthemum indicum (SEC) exhibits antidepressant-like effects in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced mice model.
Chemical composition and bioactive properties of Sanguisorba minor Scop. under Mediterranean growing conditions
Authors: Karkanis Anestis C. , Fernandes Ângela , Vaz Josiana , Petropoulos Spyridon , Georgiou Eleftheria , Ciric Ana , Sokovic Marina , Oludemi Taofiq , Barros Lillian , Ferreira Isabel C. F. R.
Published: January 2019

Sanguisorba minor Scop. is a perennial plant native to the Mediterranean region which exhibits several medicinal activities.
Self assembled, sulfonated pentablock copolymer cation exchange coatings for membrane capacitive deionization
Authors: Jain Amit , Weathers Cierra , Kim Jun , Meyer Matthew D. , Walker W. Shane , Li Qilin , Verduzco Rafael
Published: January 2019

A partially sulfonated pentablock copolymer is implemented as an ion-exchange coating for membrane capacitive deionization revealing trade-offs in water uptake, salt permeability, morphology, and performance.
Enhanced electrochemical biosensor and supercapacitor with 3D porous architectured graphene via salt impregnated inkjet maskless lithography
Authors: Hondred John A. , Medintz Igor L. , Claussen Jonathan C.
Published: January 2019

Advances in solution-phase graphene patterning has provided a facile route for rapid, low-cost and scalable manufacturing of electrochemical devices, even on flexible substrates.
Structure and catalytic activity of ultrasmall Rh, Pd and (Rh + Pd) nanoparticles obtained by mediated electrosynthesis
Authors: Yanilkin Vitaliy V. , Nastapova Natalya V. , Nasretdinova Gulnaz R. , Osin Yury N. , Evtjugin Vladimir G. , Ziganshina Albina Yu. , Gubaidullin Aidar T.
Published: January 2019

Efficient mediated electrosynthesis of catalytically active ultrasmall mono- and bimetallic nanoparticles of Rh, Pd stabilized with CTAC was carried out in water.
The solvent-controlled chemoselective construction of C–S/S–S bonds via the Michael reaction/thiol coupling of quinoline-2-thiones
Authors: Zhang Xi , Wang Tong-Lin , Liu Xiao-Jun , Wang Xi-Cun , Quan Zheng-Jun
Published: January 2019

The solvent-controlled selective construction of C–S and S–S bonds containing a quinoline skeleton under mild conditions from quinoline-2-thiones has been reported.
Efficient two-step synthesis of structurally diverse indolo[2,3-b]quinoline derivatives
Authors: Kundal Sandip , Chakraborty Baitan , Paul Kartick , Jana Umasish
Published: January 2019

A general and efficient synthesis of tetracyclic indolo[2,3-b]quinoline motifs with diverse functional groups is achieved through a simple but conceptually different annulation strategy in excellent yields.
Synthesis of resolvin E3viapalladium-catalyzed addition of AcOH to vinyl epoxy alcohols
Authors: Tanabe Shuhei , Kobayashi Yuichi
Published: January 2019

(18R)- and (18S)-resolvins E3 were synthesizedviathe Pd-catalyzed addition of AcOH to thesynandantiisomers of vinyl epoxy alcohols.
Site-specific conjugation of antifreeze proteins onto polymer-stabilized nanoparticles
Authors: Wilkins Laura E. , Hasan Muhammad , Fayter Alice E. R. , Biggs Caroline , Walker Marc , Gibson Matthew I.
Published: January 2019

Antifreeze proteins are site-specifically conjugated onto polymer-stabilised gold nanoparticles, resulting in hybrid materials capable of modulating ice growth processes.
Graphene-based Fe-coordinated framework porphyrin as an interlayer for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Qin Jin-Lei , Li Bo-Quan , Huang Jia-Qi , Kong Long , Chen Xiang , Peng Hong-Jie , Xie Jin , Liu Ruiping , Zhang Qiang
Published: January 2019

Graphene-based iron-coordinated framework porphyrin modified separators render lithium–sulfur batteries with high sulfur utilization and long cycling life.
Recent advances in photocatalytic C–S/P–S bond formation via the generation of sulfur centered radicals and functionalization
Authors: Guo Wei , Tao Kailiang , Tan Wen , Zhao Mingming , Zheng Lvyin , Fan Xiaolin
Published: January 2019

In this review, we have focused on the recent advances in photocatalytic C–S/P–S bond formation via the generation of thioyl/sulfonyl radicals and further functionalization.
A highly selective and sensitive H2S sensor at low temperatures based on Cr-doped α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles
Authors: Xue Dongyang , Zhou Rui , Lin Xiaoping , Duan Xiaochuan , Li Qiuhong , Wang Taihong
Published: January 2019

Cr-doped α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized by one-step hydrothermal reaction and showed high sensitivity and selectivity to H2S at low temperature.
A facile and scalable process to synthesize flexible lithium ion conductive glass-ceramic fibers
Authors: He Kun , Xie Pu , Zu Chengkui , Wang Yanhang , Li Baoying , Han Bin , Rong Min Zhi , Zhang Ming Qiu
Published: January 2019

A flexible lithium ion conductive Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 glass-ceramic fiber was prepared by melt-spun method.
Pore structure control of porous carbon obtained from phenol formaldehyde resin and ethylene glycol: the effect of H3BO3 on the pore structure
Authors: Wu Xishi , Su Ronghua , Zhu Yunzhou , Huang Zhengren
Published: January 2019

Boric acid was used as a source of complexing agent to change phase separation kinetics and dynamics of the resin-glycol system to regulate the pore structure of porous carbon.
Enhancement of protein stability by an additional disulfide bond designed in human neuroglobin
Authors: Liu Hai-Xiao , Li Lianzhi , Yang Xin-Zhi , Wei Chuan-Wan , Cheng Hui-Min , Gao Shu-Qin , Wen Ge-Bo , Lin Ying-Wu
Published: January 2019

A disulfide bond of Cys120 and Cys15 was rationally designed in human neuroglobin (Ngb) by A15C mutation, which caused minimal structural alterations, whereas enhanced both chemical and pH stability, with a thermal stability higher than 100 °C.
ppm Pd-catalyzed, Cu-free Sonogashira couplings in water using commercially available catalyst precursors
Authors: Jin Bo , Gallou Fabrice , Reilly John , Lipshutz Bruce H.
Published: January 2019

A new catalyst that derives from commercially available precursors for copper-free, Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira reactions at the sustainable ppm level of precious metal palladium under mild aqueous micellar conditions has been developed.
Controllable CO2conversion in high performance proton conducting solid oxide electrolysis cells and the possible mechanisms
Authors: Shi Nai , Xie Yun , Huan Daoming , Yang Yi , Xue Shuangshuang , Qi Zeming , Pan Yang , Peng Ranran , Xia Changrong , Lu Yalin
Published: January 2019

CO2 was successfully converted to valuable products using P-SOECs, and the reaction mechanisms were discussed.
[Au18(dppm)6Cl4]4+: a phosphine-protected gold nanocluster with rich charge states
Authors: Zhang Shan-Shan , Senanayake Ravithree D. , Zhao Quan-Qin , Su Hai-Feng , Aikens Christine M. , Wang Xing-Po , Tung Chen-Ho , Sun Di , Zheng Lan-Sun
Published: January 2019

A diphosphine-protected 18-gold-atom nanocluster was isolatedviaa facile reduction of an AuIprecursor by NaBH4.
Spiers Memorial Lecture : Introductory lecture: Hot-electron science and microscopic processes in plasmonics and catalysis
Authors: Halas N. J.
Published: January 2019

In these introductory remarks we discuss the generation of nonequilibrium electrons in metals, their properties, and how they can be utilized in two emerging applications: for extending the capabilities of photodetection (left), and for photocatalysis (right), lowering the barriers of chemical reactions.
Ultrafast molecular sieving through functionalized graphene membranes
Authors: Ding Ji-Heng , Zhao Hong-Ran , Ji Dong , Xu Bei-Yu , Yu Hai-Bin
Published: January 2019

An ultrathin graphene membrane with highly selective molecular separation of aqueous organic solution.
A hydrate salt-promoted reductive coupling reaction of nitrodienes with unactivated alkenes
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Yang Liming , Tian Chao , Zhou Meng , An Guanghui , Li Guangming
Published: January 2019

Na2HPO4·7H2O has been disclosed as an effective promoter for mild and efficient reductive coupling of nitrodienes with alkenes in an open flask manner.
Chemo- and regioselective reactions of 5-bromo enones/enaminones with pyrazoles
Authors: Moraes Paulo A. , Lobo Marcio M. , Marangoni Mário A. , Meyer Alexandre R. , Frizzo Clarissa P. , Bonacorso Helio G. , Martins Marcos A. P. , Zanatta Nilo
Published: January 2019

The reaction of pyrazoles with 5-bromo enones furnished an unexpected series of stableN,O-aminals in a chemo- and regioselective and metal free reaction.
Percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy precedes interlaminar discectomy in the efficacy and safety for lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Chen Peng , Hu Yihe , Li Zhanzhan
Published: January 2019

We searched several databases from the times of their inception to 20 December 2018. Randomized controlled trials and cohort studies that compared percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (PETD) with percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (PEID) were identified. We used a random-effects model to calculate the relative risks (RRs) of, and standardized mean differences (SMDs) between the two techniques, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Twenty-six studies with 3294 patients were included in the final analysis. Compared with PEID, PETD reduced the short-term (SMD −0.68; 95% CI −1.01, −0.34; P=0.000) and long-term (SMD −0.47; 95% CI −0.82, −0.12; P=0.000) visual analog scale scores, blood loss (SMD −4.75; 95% CI −5.80, −3.71; P=0.000), duration of hospital stay (SMD −1.86; 95% CI −2.36, −1.37; P=0.000), and length of incision (SMD −3.93; 95% CI −5.23, −2.62; P=0.000). However, PEID was associated with a lower recurrence rate (P=0.035) and a shorter operative time (P=0.014). PETD and PEID afforded comparable excellent- and good-quality data, long- and short-term Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores, and complication rates. PETD treated lumbar disc herniation (LDH) more effectively than PEID. Although PETD required a longer operative time, PETD was as safe as PEID, and was associated with less blood loss, a shorter hospital stay, and a shorter incision. PETD is the best option for patients with LDH.
Effects of Home Language, Oral Language Skills, and Cross-Linguistic Phonological Abilities on Whole-Word Proximity in Spanish-English–Speaking Children
Authors: Scarpino Shelley E. , Hammer Carol Scheffner , Goldstein Brian , Rodriguez Barbara L. , Lopez Lisa M.
Published: January 2019

Purpose

This study examined language use and language ability factors that predict phonological whole-word proximity in young Spanish-English–speaking children.

Method

Participants were 199 Latino children aged 3;0–6;6 (years;months) and their mothers. Children's speech sound production in English and Spanish was assessed using the Bilingual Phonological Assessment (
Miccio & Hammer, 2006
). Vocabulary and story retell abilities were assessed using the Woodcock-Muñoz Language Survey–Revised (
Woodcock, Muñoz-Sandoval, Ruef, & Alvarado, 2005
), and information regarding the children's exposure to and use of English and Spanish was collected by means of a parent survey. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to determine the degree to which exposure to and use of each language in the home, oral language abilities, and phonological proficiency as measured by the proportion of whole-word proximity (PWP;
Ingram, 2002
) in the other language were able to predict the PWP scores in English and Spanish.

Results

A large portion of the variance in English and Spanish PWP scores (
R
2
= .66 and .51, respectively) was predicted by the language children use when communicating with their mothers, children's vocabulary scores, and children's PWP scores in the other language.

Conclusion

Language use, vocabulary, and phonological whole-word proximity in the other language are significant factors in predicting bilingual children's whole-word proximity in English and Spanish. Children's phonological abilities in one language are highly predictive of those same abilities in the other, suggesting underlying shared phonological skills across languages.
Fractional angular transform: a number‐theoretic approach
Authors: Figueiredo R.B.D. , Lima J.B.
Published: January 2019

In this Letter, the authors introduce a fractional angular number transform (FrANT). The new transform corresponds to a finite field version of the complex‐valued discrete fractional angular transform and, therefore, its computation requires integer arithmetic only. Differently from other number‐theoretic transforms, the possible lengths of an FrANT do not depend on the algebraic structure where it is defined. This provides more flexibility regarding the application of the transform in communications, cryptography and error correcting codes, for instance.
Experimental characterisation of in‐to‐out‐body path loss at 433 MHz in dairy cows
Authors: Benaissa S. , Plets D. , Nikolayev D. , Deruyck M. , Verloock L. , Vermeeren G. , Martens L. , De Poorter E. , Tuyttens F.A.M. , Sonck B. , Joseph W.
Published: January 2019

In this Letter, for the first time, the in‐to‐out‐body path loss between an antenna placed inside the cows’ rumen and a distant gateway was characterised at 433 MHz. Measurements were conducted on seven different fistulated cows using a signal generator and a spectrum analyser. Subsequent measurement of the antenna in free space was used to quantify the path loss increase due to the cow body. Results have shown an increase of the path loss by 45.5 dB on average (all cows), with a variation between 39.7 and 51.1 dB. Also, the measured path loss values as a function of the transmitter–receiver distance in a dairy barn were well fitted by a log‐normal path loss model. The obtained models were used to calculate the range of a LoRa (Long range) based network. Ranges up to 100 m were obtained depending on the used transmit power and bit rate.
Iterative control method of voltage source converters for various high‐power applications
Authors: Lo Yu‐Hsuan , Yang Chen‐Jun , Lian Kuo‐Lung
Published: January 2019

High‐voltage and high‐power voltage source converters (VSCs) are usually operated at low switching frequencies to minimise the switching losses. This study presents a new control method suitable for low switching frequencies. It consists of two stages. In the first stage, a simple proportional controller is used to suppress any overvoltage or overcurrent during the transients. Then, after the control variables have settled to steady‐state values, the iterative controller is activated to finely adjust the modulation index and firing angle of the converter to fulfil the control objectives. To justify the proposed control method, various control objectives are realised in a 10 MVA VSC system, and the results are validated by PSCAD/EMTDC and hardware‐in‐the‐loop simulation. The results show that state variables converge within a few iterative steps, and the transient response is sufficiently fast. The proposed method is shown to perform better than the conventional PI control for eliminating the power imbalance and DC second harmonics due to the imbalance at the grid voltage.
New predictive analytic‐aided response‐based system integrity protection scheme
Authors: Gawande Prashant , Dambhare Sanjay
Published: January 2019

The ever‐increasing power demand coupled with limited power transfer corridors and minimum redundancy have forced power system operation close to its security limits. Further, increase in renewable penetration, market deregulation, and mal‐operation of protective devices under stressed conditions has imposed serious threats to power system stability. To overcome these operational challenges, a new response‐based system integrity protection scheme (SIPS) is proposed here. The proposed scheme works towards preserving system integrity in two ways. First, an apparent impedance‐based relay security index (RSI) is introduced to prevent the zone 3 mal‐operations of distance relays under stressed situations and achieve accelerated zone 3 operation during faults. Second, a system stability index (SSI) computed from the generator rotor angles is forecasted using a predictive analytic to foresee system instability, if any, and take corrective actions in real time. The scheme can be used for area‐based monitoring and control of system stability, does not require coherency group identification, remains unaffected by changes in network topology, and can effectively function for first swing stable contingencies. The scheme is tested on IEEE 39‐bus New England system and the results obtained validate the reliability of scheme in maintaining system integrity.
Comprehensive vibration generation model of transformer winding under load current
Authors: Zhang Fan , Ji Shengchang , Shi Yuhang , Ren Fuqiang , Zhan Cao , Zhu Lingyu
Published: January 2019

This study proposes a comprehensive model to investigate winding vibration characteristics. The radial vibration model is firstly established based on the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, and the radial acceleration is found to be the second derivative of deflection under the quasi‐static load. The fluid‐loading effect of oil on winding vibration is then investigated through experimental modal analysis and finite element method. This effect leads to the decrease of natural frequencies and the increase of damping ratios. The harmonic response of axial winding vibration at 100 Hz shows the symmetry distribution that vibration on the one quarter and three‐quarters of the winding height are larger than other positions. The radial acceleration is not affected by the clamping pressure, whereas the axial acceleration is in a reciprocal relationship with it.
Detection and switching control scheme of unintentional islanding for ‘hand‐in‐hand’ DC distribution network
Authors: Song Weiwei , Chen Yanfeng , Wen An , Zhang Yongjun , Wei Chengzhi
Published: January 2019

With the large‐scale access to distributed generation and energy storage (ES), the rapid growth of DC loads, and the development of power electronics technology, the DC distribution network is becoming a new type of high‐reliability power supply. Detection and switching control of islanding is important to ensure the stability and robustness of the DC distribution network. In this study, first, for a ‘hand‐in‐hand’ DC distribution network, an unintentional islanding detection method, which is a combination of the main criterion based on switch status and an auxiliary criterion based on no‐current and difference‐voltage criteria, is proposed. Second, an unintentional islanding control strategy based on the coordination of the switching strategy of ES controller and DC solid‐state transformer is proposed. Finally, the proposed detection and switching control scheme is validated through simulations using the real‐time digital simulator platform. Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme for the DC distribution network can accurately identify an island, and effectively switch control mode to achieve stable islanding control.
Research on power quality disturbance identification and classification technology in high noise background
Authors: Li Jianwen , Qin Gang , Li Yonggang , Ruan Xiaofei
Published: January 2019

In order to solve the problem of noise interference in power quality disturbance identification, a new method of multiresolution hyperbolic S‐transform for noise abatement based on energy density is proposed. First, multiresolution hyperbolic S‐transform is performed on the power quality disturbance signal. This method combines suitable time‐frequency resolution with good noise suppression performances. Second, the transient disturbance time‐frequency domain is determined according to the fluctuation energy density. By using a mean time‐frequency filter, the interference of the noise in the non‐transient disturbance time‐frequency domain with signals is eliminated, and the noise in the non‐signal time‐frequency domain is suppressed. Then, the signal time‐frequency domain is determined according to the energy density, and the noise in the non‐signal time‐frequency domain is further suppressed by the denoising time‐frequency filter. The characteristic curve is extracted from the complex matrix module after the noise abatement. Finally, a time‐frequency database of tree structure is established. The dynamic time warping distance query classification method is used for quick classification according to the relationship of membership degree, which reduces the number of queries and improves the recognition accuracy. The classification result shows the effectiveness of the algorithm in high noise background and the applicability in actual fields.
Estimation of voltage instability inception time by employing k‐nearest neighbour learning algorithm
Authors: Khalilifar Mahtab , Joorabian Mahmood , Seifosadat Ghodratollah , Shahrtash Seyed Mohammad
Published: January 2019

In this study, the proposed algorithm is a help for utilities to find out when voltage instability will happen, as soon as they realise that a disturbance may/will result in voltage instability. In this regard, the data gathered, on‐line, by a wide area monitoring system (WAMS) is supposed to be processed in an energy management system, where, finally, voltage instability inception time will be determined. The proposed algorithm employs k‐nearest neighbour algorithm as an instance‐based learning algorithm. This estimation uses only pre‐disturbance information and exact disturbance data, so it is fast enough for real‐time applications. A comprehensive investigation of the input features has resulted in introducing the most appropriate feature set and the most effective search procedure in estimating the instability time. The simulation results show an acceptable accuracy in estimation of voltage instability time.
Application of modified sine cosine algorithm to optimally design PID/fuzzy‐PID controllers to deal with AGC issues in deregulated power system
Authors: Nayak Nirakar , Mishra Sukumar , Sharma Dushyant , Kumar Sahu Binod
Published: January 2019

The focus of this work is to analyse the performance of automatic generation control (AGC) of two area four units interconnected deregulated power system for implementing modified sine cosine algorithm (MSCA) to design the conventional PID and fuzzy‐PID (FPID) controllers. Each area consists of thermal generating unit with reheat turbine and a gas generating unit. Thermal generating units of both areas are employed with appropriate generation rate constraint. At first, sine cosine algorithm (SCA) is modified to implement MSCA technique and superiority of MSCA is proved over SCA using four benchmark functions. Then the work is extended to design the conventional PID and FPID controllers using both the algorithms. Three different situations of deregulated markets are considered. For the design of optimal controller gains integral time absolute error is taken as the objective function. To analyse the dynamic behaviour of the deregulated power system undershoot, overshoot and settling time are considered as transient parameters. After the analysis, it is found that MSCA‐based FPID controller exhibits a better transient response in terms of less undershoot, overshoot and settling time. Robustness analysis is performed by varying some of the important parameters of the power system to show the proposed FPID controller is less sensitive to parametric variations.
Analysis and mitigation of subsynchronous resonance based on integral control for DFIG‐based wind farm
Authors: Meng Yongqing , Pan Xixi , Ma Hao , Li Kaikai , Yu Jianyang , Wang Xiuli
Published: January 2019

Series capacitor compensation technology has been widely used in long‐distance wind power transmission, which can improve the power transmission capacity and enhance the static stability of the power system. However, adding a series capacitor in the line may present a potential risk of subsynchronous resonance (SSR) to the system. This study focuses on the SSR caused by induction generator effect of the doubly‐fed induction generator‐based wind farms. The SSR phenomenon of wind power system is researched by the impedance analysis method. A mitigation strategy of adding a virtual inductance based on integral control is proposed for enhancing the system stability and alleviating the SSR. It has clear and intuitive physical concept, which is beneficial to system integration and provides a simpler and more economic method for mitigating SSR. Moreover, the principle and process of controller design are elaborated. Moreover, the time‐domain simulation is carried out to prove the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy under different operating conditions considering various compensation levels and wind speeds. Finally, the suppression effects of the virtual inductance in rotor‐side converter and grid‐side converter are compared.
Class of high step‐up switched Z‐source inverters: steady state analysis and objective function
Authors: Hasan Babayi Nozadian Mohsen , Babaei Ebrahim , Hosseini Seyed Hossein
Published: January 2019

In this study, high step‐up switched Z‐source inverters (HSZSIs) with two main groups namely types I and II are proposed. Each of these groups includes several proposed structures. Owing to the features of the proposed structures such as high boost factor , continuous input current, and low voltage stress; they can be used in different applications such as renewable power systems. By using the same numbers of the passive elements in comparison with a conventional Z‐source inverter (ZSI), quasi‐ZSI, and series ZSI (SZSI), the proposed structures produce a higher boost factor. A new objective function is defined so that all compared parameters can be investigated with each other simultaneously. The power losses and efficiency analyses for all of the proposed structures are done and compared with the conventional structures. It is shown that for , the measured efficiencies for basic HSZSI type I, quasi‐HSZSI type I, basic HSZSI type II and quasi‐HSZSI type II are 91, 85, 96, and 92%, respectively. In addition, the total harmonic distortion calculation, dynamic performance and designing a closed‐loop control method for the proposed structures are shown. Finally, the experimental results are indicated for a 500 W prototype.
Performance analysis of multiple input converter for standalone photovoltaic system
Authors: Sahu Lalit Kumar , Allamsetty Hema Chander , Ghosh Subhojit
Published: January 2019

Multiple‐input converters (MICs) are receiving significant popularity in hybridisation of energy sources especially for renewable energy integration and vehicular electrification. In the last decade, several MIC topologies have been proposed; however, application‐oriented implementation and its in‐depth analysis in terms of reliability, stability, sensitivity, efficiency and voltage–current stress along with fault tolerant operation has been ignored. Thus, intensive investigation in terms of different performance attributes is crucial for the selection of application‐oriented MIC topology. Therefore, in this study, comprehensive investigation of an MIC for providing a clear picture of the landscape of various performances attributes has been carried out for photovoltaic application considering source dynamics in addition to source and load end intermittencies. The presented system offers a modular structure, flexible control and reliable operation with a simple and compact design. The proposed work examines the stability of the presented converter besides investigating reliability profile, and also focuses on determining the effect on load voltage with respect to input and output perturbations along with loss distribution analysis for determining the efficiency of the converter. The controller designed has been experimentally validated with the solar emulator and dSPACE 1103 real‐time digital controller. Furthermore, the topology has been compared with recently published topologies qualitatively and quantitatively.
Closing the gap between Earth-based and interplanetary mission observations: Vesta seen by VLT/SPHERE
Authors: Fétick R. JL. , Jorda L. , Vernazza P. , Marsset M. , Drouard A. , Fusco T. , Carry B. , Marchis F. , Hanuš J. , Viikinkoski M. , Birlan M. , Bartczak P. , Berthier J. , Castillo-Rogez J. , Cipriani F. , Colas F. , Dudziński G. , Dumas C. , Ferrais M. , Jehin E. , Kaasalainen M. , Kryszczynska A. , Lamy P. , Le Coroller H. , Marciniak A. , Michalowski T. , Michel P. , Mugnier L. M. , Neichel B. , Pajuelo M. , Podlewska-Gaca E. , Santana-Ros T. , Tanga P. , Vachier F. , Vigan A. , Witasse O. , Yang B.
Published: January 2019

Context. Over the past decades, several interplanetary missions have studied small bodies in situ, leading to major advances in our understanding of their geological and geophysical properties. These missions, however, have had a limited number of targets. Among them, the NASA Dawn mission has characterised in detail the topography and albedo variegation across the surface of asteroid (4) Vesta down to a spatial resolution of ~20 m pixel−1 scale.

Aims. Here our aim was to determine how much topographic and albedo information can be retrieved from the ground with VLT/SPHERE in the case of Vesta, having a former space mission (Dawn) providing us with the ground truth that can be used as a benchmark.

Methods. We observed Vesta with VLT/SPHERE/ZIMPOL as part of our ESO large programme (ID 199.C-0074) at six different epochs, and deconvolved the collected images with a parametric point spread function (PSF). We then compared our images with synthetic views of Vesta generated from the 3D shape model of the Dawn mission, on which we projected Vesta’s albedo information.

Results. We show that the deconvolution of the VLT/SPHERE images with a parametric PSF allows the retrieval of the main topographic and albedo features present across the surface of Vesta down to a spatial resolution of ~20–30 km. Contour extraction shows an accuracy of ~1 pixel (3.6 mas). The present study provides the very first quantitative estimate of the accuracy of ground-based adaptive-optics imaging observations of asteroid surfaces.

Conclusions. In the case of Vesta, the upcoming generation of 30–40 m telescopes (ELT, TMT, GMT) should in principle be able to resolve all of the main features present across its surface, including the troughs and the north–south crater dichotomy, provided that they operate at the diffraction limit.
Akutes Nierenversagen auf der Intensivstation – was ist neu?
Authors: Schmitz Michael , Heering Peter
Published: January 2019

Was ist neu?

Diagnostik Der Einsatz von elektronischen Frühwarnsystemen (electronic alerts) für das akute Nierenversagen (ANV), kombiniert mit der Anwendung von standardisierten Kidney Care Bundles, kann das Outcome der Patienten verbessern. Aktuell gilt es, Wege zu finden, diese in den klinischen Alltag zu implementieren.

Prävention/konservative Therapie Eine Volumenersatztherapie soll mit balancierten Lösungen erfolgen. Der Einsatz von 0,9 %iger NaCl-Lösung soll vermieden werden. Eine dringlich indizierte radiologische Diagnostik mit jodhaltigem Kontrastmittel sollte nicht aufgrund einer Nierenfunktionsverschlechterung verzögert oder abgesetzt werden. Die prophylaktischen Maßnahmen hierbei unterscheiden sich nicht von den generellen Maßnahmen bei ANV (Euvolämie erzielen, Nephrotoxine meiden), spezifische Maßnahmen existieren nicht. Eine unkritische Hydrierung nicht hypovolämischer Patienten bietet keine Vorteile und ist mit erhöhtem Risiko für kardiale Dekompensationen und ANV verbunden.

Nierenersatztherapie Dosis und Modalität der Nierenersatztherapie sollen an die klinischen Bedürfnisse des Patienten angepasst werden. Die empfohlene Dosis von 20 – 25 ml/kg/h dient als Orientierung. Die weit verbreitete regionale Zitrat-Antikoagulation kann auch sicher für Patienten mit Leberschaden oder Laktatazidose angewendet werden, sofern auf Zeichen einer Zitrat-Akkumulation geachtet wird. Bei Laktatazidose kommt es insbesondere auf die Laktatclearance und weniger auf die Höhe der Laktatwerte bei Therapiebeginn an, wenn das Risiko einer Zitrat-Akkumulation abgeschätzt werden soll.
Aktuelles zu sexuell übertragbaren Infektionen
Authors: Rieg Siegbert , Usadel Susanne , Müller Matthias
Published: January 2019

Was ist neu?

Syphilis und Gonorrhö Die Inzidenzen sexuell übertragbarer Infektionen (STI), insbesondere der Syphilis und der Gonorrhö, steigen weltweit weiter an. Es gibt erste Berichte von Infektionen mit Neisseria gonorrhoeae, die nicht mehr auf die Standardtherapie aus Ceftriaxon und Azithromycin ansprechen. Das neue Antibiotikum Zoliflodacin gegen N. gonorrhoeae wirkte in einer Phase-II-Studie gut bei der unkomplizierten rektalen und urogenitalen Gonorrhö, ist bei einer pharyngealen Infektion aber nicht ausreichend aktiv.

Chlamydia trachomatis und Mycoplasma genitalium Ein Lymphogranuloma venereum sollte bei Nachweis von Chlamydia trachomatis-Serovaren L1 – L3 über 21 (statt 7) Tage mit Doxycyclin behandelt werden. Da M. genitalium zunehmend Resistenzen gegenüber Azithromycin im Zusammenhang mit der Kurzzeittherapie aufweist, wird auch hier eine verlängerte Therapie empfohlen.

Humanes Immundefizienz-Virus Mit der PrEP (Präexpositionsprophylaxe) steht eine neue medikamentöse HIV-Präventionsstrategie zur Verfügung, die jedoch nur mit Risiko-Aufklärung/-Beratung und begleitenden Laboruntersuchungen eingesetzt werden darf. „Checkpoint“-Modellprojekte integrieren Präventionsberatung, Vorsorge, Diagnostik und Therapie von STI für besonders vulnerable Gruppen.

Humanes Papilloma-Virus Die HPV-Impfung wird von der STIKO nun auch für Jungen im Alter von 9 – 14 Jahren bzw. vor Aufnahme sexueller Aktivität empfohlen.

Zika-Virus Die US-amerikanischen Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reduzieren für Männer das empfohlene Intervall zwischen einem Aufenthalt in einem Zika-Endemiegebiet bis zum ungeschützten Geschlechtsverkehr bzw. bis zur angestrebten Konzeption von 6 auf 3 Monate.
Akute Bronchitis
Authors: Kleibrink Björn , Taube Christian
Published: January 2019

Was ist neu?

Stand der Dinge Die akute Bronchitis ist eine selbstlimitierende, akute Entzündung der Atemwege und tritt meistens im Rahmen einer viral bedingten Erkältung in Erscheinung. Obwohl sie in der Regel nach zwei bis drei Wochen selbstlimitierend abklingt, sind viele Patienten ungeduldig und fordern mitunter eine Antibiotikabehandlung.

Diagnostik Anamnese und körperliche Untersuchung sind bei unkomplizierter akuter Bronchitis ausreichend. Bei älteren, multimorbiden oder immunsupprimierten Patienten oder Auffälligkeiten bei Vitalparametern ist eine weitergehende Differenzialdiagnostik notwendig. Die Bestimmung des Procalcitonins konnte in prospektiven Studien bisher keinen sicheren Nutzen zeigen.

Therapie Bei der unkomplizierten akuten Bronchitis erfolgt eine symptomatische Therapie. Um Fehlverschreibungen zu verhindern, sind die Edukation von Arzt und Patient sowie eine Verschreibung erst bei Zweitkontakt erfolgreich. Die antibiotische Therapie bleibt einem Risikokollektiv vorbehalten. Es bleibt abzuwarten, ob mittels Procalcitonin in Zukunft Patienten bestimmt werden können, bei denen auf eine antibiotische Therapie verzichtet werden kann.
Nebenwirkungsmanagement in der Immunonkologie
Authors: Reinmuth Niels , Bitzer Michael , Deschler-Baier Barbara , Fischer Jürgen , Kuon Jonas , Leipe Jan , Rawluk Justyna , Schulz Christian , Heußel Claus , Schultheiß Michael
Published: January 2019

The immune oncological treatment approach uses immune checkpoint inhibitors to prevent tumor cells from shutting down the immune system, and thus from escaping immune response. Following the clinical success of immune checkpoint inhibitors, the number of approved immune oncological therapies continues to increase. Response rates and overall survival with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 blockade could be further improved by combining both treatment approaches. However, checkpoint inhibition is associated with a unique spectrum of side effects termed immune-related adverse events. These typically occur 3 to 6 months after treatment start and resolve with adequate management procedures if detected early on. Therefore, profound patient education, sensitizing and monitoring are mandatory. We describe in this article selected frequent and rare adverse events that are clinically relevant. Furthermore, using case reports, interdisciplinary experts share their practice-based experience in the management of frequent pneumonic, endocrine, and gastro-intestinal immune-related adverse events.
Perspektiven 2025 – ein Positionspapier der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin
Authors: Vogelmeier Claus , Floege Jürgen , Gamstätter Thomas
Published: January 2019

Anlässlich des 200. Geburtstag ihres Gründers, Friedrich Theodor von Frerichs, setzt sich die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin (DGIM) mit dem vorliegenden Papier Perspektiven für ihre Arbeit in den kommenden Jahren, die durch Herausforderungen für Medizin und Wissenschaft geprägt sein werden. Basierend auf den 10 als zentral erfassten, kritisch beleuchteten Themenbereichen – Ärzte als Forscher, „Klug entscheiden“, digitale Medizin, Ökonomisierung der Medizin, Aus- und Weiterbildung, demografischer Wandel und Multimorbidität, internistische Systemmedizin, Infektiologie und Hygiene, Intensivmedizin und Notaufnahme sowie Pflege und medizinische Assistenzberufe – soll das Papier die grundlegenden Positionen der Fachgesellschaft darlegen.
Diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy for small bowel arteriovenous malformations in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Singh Kevin , Zubair Ayla , Prindle Andrew , Nadeem Ahmed , Khan Gulam
Published: January 2019

Background and study aims Small bowel arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) pose a bleeding risk and have traditionally been diagnosed by invasive enteroscopic procedures in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Capsule endoscopy (CE) is emerging as a safe and non-invasive alternative for small intestinal evaluation, but its diagnostic yield and utility in diagnosing small bowel AVMs in HHT patients are understudied. The aim of this study was to meta-analyze the utility of CE for diagnosing AVMs in HHT patients.

Methods A meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature on CE in HHT patients identified in the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases from inception to March 2018 were conducted. Summary effects were estimated using a random effects model.

Results After applying exclusion criteria, five studies (n = 124 patients) were eligible for meta-analysis. The pooled diagnostic yield for visualization of small bowel AVMs by CE was 77.0 % (95 % CI 65.8 – 85.4 %, P < 0.001).

Conclusions CE has a good diagnostic yield for small bowel AVMs in HHT. It can be regarded as a sufficient, noninvasive diagnostic modality for identifying small bowel AVMs in HHT patients.
Durability and long-term outcomes of direct EUS-guided gastroenterostomy using lumen-apposing metal stents for gastric outlet obstruction
Authors: Kerdsirichairat Tossapol , Irani Shayan , Yang Juliana , Brewer Gutierrez Olaya , Moran Robert , Sanaei Omid , Dbouk Mohamad , Kumbhari Vivek , Singh Vikesh , Kalloo Anthony , Khashab Mouen
Published: January 2019

Background and study aims EUS-guided gastroenterostomy (GE) is a novel, minimally invasive endoscopic procedure for the treatment of gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). The direct-EUS-GE (D-GE) approach has recently gained traction. We aimed to report on a large cohort of patients who underwent DGE with focus on long-term outcomes.

Patients and methods This two-center, retrospective study involved consecutive patients who underwent D-GE between October 2014 and May 2018. The primary outcomes were technical and clinical success. Secondary outcomes were adverse events (AEs), rate of reintervention, procedure time, time to resume oral diet, and post-procedure length of stay (LOS).

Results A total of 57 patients (50.9 % female; median age 65 years) underwent D-GE for GOO. The etiology was malignant in 84.2 % and benign in 15.8 %. Technical success and clinical success were achieved in 93 % and 89.5 % of patients, respectively, with a median follow-up of 196 days in malignant GOO and 319.5 days in benign GOO. There were 2 (3.5 %) AEs, one severe and one moderate. Median procedure time was 39 minutes (IQR, 26 – 51.5 minutes). Median time to resume oral diet after D-GE was 1 day (IQR 1 – 2 days). Median post D-GE LOS was 3 days (IQR 2 – 7 days). Rate of reintervention was 15.1 %.

Conclusions D-GE is safe and effective in management of both malignant and benign causes of GOO. Clinical success with D-GE is durable with a low rate of reintervention based on a long-term cohort.
Integrative chinesische Medizin im Rahmen der assistierten Reproduktionstechnologie
Authors: Giese Nora , Sulistyo-Winarto Fransiscus
Published: January 2019

Ergebnisse aus aktuellen Studien legen nahe, dass die chinesische Medizin die assistierte Reproduktionstechnologie sinnvoll unterstützen kann. Aktuelle Studienergebnisse zeigen u. a. die Verbesserung der Schwangerschaftsrate bei zusätzlicher chinesischer Arzneimitteltherapie. In verschiedenen RCTs konnten Effekte der Akupunktur nachgewiesen werden, u. a. verbesserter Blutfluss zum Uterus und zu den Ovarien sowie die Entlastung von emotionalem Disstress.

Die Autoren diskutieren aktuelle Studienergebnisse und geben Empfehlungen zum Vorgehen in der Praxis sowie zu ausgewählten Rezepturen und Behandlungsschemata zur Unterstützung der assistierten Reproduktionstechnologie.
Der Fall: Ihre Patientin mit Kinderwunsch hat vor kurzem die Pille abgesetzt. Der Zyklus ist noch unregelmäßig. Wie gehen Sie vor?
Authors: Kowalcek Ingrid , Mietzner Anna , Stapelfeldt Elmar , Reißenweber-Hewel Heidrun
Published: January 2019

Der Fall: Ihre Patientin mit Kinderwunsch hat vor kurzem die Pille abgesetzt. Der Zyklus ist noch unregelmäßig. Wie gehen Sie vor?