bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulating the Detection of the Global 21 cm Signal with MIST for Different Models of the Soil and Beam Directivity
Authors: Monsalve Raul A. , Bye Christian H. , Sievers Jonathan L. , Bidula Vadym , Bustos Ricardo , Chiang H. Cynthia , Guo Xinze , Hendricksen Ian , McGee Francis , Mena F. Patricio , Prabhakar Garima , Restrepo Oscar , Thyagarajan Nithyanandan
Published: January 2024

The Mapper of the IGM Spin Temperature (MIST) is a new ground-based, single-antenna, radio experiment attempting to detect the global 21 cm signal from the Dark Ages and Cosmic Dawn. A significant challenge in this measurement is the frequency dependence, or chromaticity, of the antenna beam directivity. MIST observes with the antenna above the soil and without a metal ground plane, and the beam directivity is sensitive to the electrical characteristics of the soil. In this paper, we use simulated observations with MIST to study how the detection of the global 21 cm signal from Cosmic Dawn is affected by the soil and the MIST beam directivity. We simulate observations using electromagnetic models of the directivity computed for single- and two-layer models of the soil. We test the recovery of the Cosmic Dawn signal with and without beam chromaticity correction applied to the simulated data. We find that our single-layer soil models enable a straightforward recovery of the signal even without chromaticity correction. Two-layer models increase the beam chromaticity and make the recovery more challenging. However, for the model in which the bottom soil layer has a lower electrical conductivity than the top layer, the signal can be recovered even without chromaticity correction. For the other two-layer models, chromaticity correction is necessary for the recovery of the signal, and the accuracy requirements for the soil parameters vary between models. These results will be used as a guideline to select observation sites that are favorable for the detection of the Cosmic Dawn signal.
Jovian Electrons in the Inner Heliosphere: Opportunities for Multi-spacecraft Observations and Modeling
Authors: Strauss R. D. , Dresing N. , Engelbrecht N. E. , Mitchell J. G. , Kühl P. , Jensen S. , Fleth S. , Sánchez-Cano B. , Posner A. , Rankin J. S , Lee C. O. , van den Berg J. P. , Ferreira S. E. S. , Heber B.
Published: January 2024

In this paper we explore the idea of using multi-spacecraft observations of Jovian electrons to measure the 3D distribution of these particles in the inner heliosphere. We present simulations of Jovian electron intensities along selected spacecraft trajectories for 2021 and compare these, admittedly qualitatively, to these measurements. Using the data–model comparison we emphasize how such a study can be used to constrain the transport parameters in the inner heliosphere, and how this can lead to additional insight into energetic particle transport. Model results are also shown along the expected trajectories of selected spacecraft, including the off-ecliptic phase of the Solar Orbiter mission from 2025 onward. Lastly, we revisit the use of historical data and discuss upcoming missions that may contribute to Jovian electron measurements.
The 3D Printing in Military Applications: FDM Technology, Materials, and Implications
Authors: Marciniak Marcin
Published: January 2024

The article describes the 3D printing technology using the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) method and the materials used in this technology in the context of military applications. The author presents the potential that this technology carries and discusses the use of 3D prints in the contemporary conflict in Ukraine. The article lists currently used materials and filaments, including a fiber technology that allows for printing of composites. Then the author presents a SWOT analysis of this technology in the context of national defense and its citizens who have 3D printers and can use them to produce so called “war gadgetsˮ. The article contains many examples of the application of this technology in the defense sector and also discusses potential threats associated with it.
Long-term toxicities after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with or without total body irradiation: a population-based study in Korea
Authors: Kwon Jeanny , Kim Byoung Hyuck
Published: January 2024

Purpose: To compare long-term toxicity incidences, including secondary cancer (SC) with or without total body irradiation (TBI), in Asian patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) using a nationwide database.Methods: We identified 4,554 patients receiving HSCT for leukemic disease from 2009 to 2016 using the healthcare bigdata system of Korea. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for SC, cataracts, hypothyroidism, chronic kidney disease (CKD), myocardial infarction, or strokes were compared, and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) of SC was also estimated.Results: TBI was conducted on 1,409 patients (30.9%). No overall survival differences based on TBI were observed. With a median follow-up duration of 58.2 months, 143 patients were diagnosed with subsequent SC (3.4%). Incidence rates per 1,000 person-year were 6.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.8–8.8) and 7.23 (95% CI, 5.9–8.8) in the TBI and no-TBI groups, respectively (p = 0.594). Also, the SIR (95% CI) was not significantly increased by TBI (1.32 [0.86–1.94] vs. 1.39 [1.08–1.77] in the no-TBI group). In the young age group (0–19 years), SIRs were increased in both groups regardless of TBI (8.60 vs. 11.96). The IRRs of cataracts (1.60; 95% CI, 1.3–2.0), CKD (1.85; 95% CI, 1.3–2.6), and hypothyroidism (1.50; 95% CI, 1.1–2.1) were significantly increased after TBI. However, there were no significant differences in the occurrence of myocardial infarction and stroke according to TBI.Conclusions: Our results suggest that modern TBI may not additionally increase the risk of SC after allogeneic HSCT, although increased risks of other diseases were noted. Physicians should carefully consider individualized risks and benefits of TBI, with a particular focus by age group.
Docking, synthesis, and anticancer assessment of novel quinoline-amidrazone hybrids
Authors: Abdullah Ahmad H. , Alarareh Ahmad K. , Al-Sha’er Mahmoud A. , Habashneh Almeqdad Y. , Awwadi Firas F. , Bardaweel Sanaa K.
Published: January 2024

A group of new amidrazone compounds that include a quinoline component was produced through the reaction of hydrazonyl chloride, derived from 6-aminoquinoline, with appropriate secondary cyclic amines. The new compounds were confirmed through 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FTIR, and HRMS, and further verified by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The antitumor potential of the synthesized compounds was tested against lung cancer (A549) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. Among the compounds, the ethyl carboxylate and o-hydroxy phenyl piperazine derivatives (10d and 10g) exhibited the strongest activity against both cell lines, with IC50 values of 43.1 and 59.1 μM for the lung and breast cancer cell lines, respectively. Moreover, the most potent compounds were subsequently docked into the c-Abl kinase binding site (PDB code: 1IEP) as a possible anticancer mechanism. In-silico ADMET study shows acceptable pharmacokinetic properties, and the toxicity profile for the most potent compounds is non-carcinogenic.
From morphology to molecules: A comprehensive study of a novel Derris species (Fabaceae) with a rare flowering habit and reddish leaflet midribs, discovered in Peninsular Thailand
Authors: Boonprajan Punvarit , Leeratiwong Charan , Sirichamorn Yotsawate
Published: January 2024

Derris rubricosta Boonprajan & Sirich., sp. nov., a new species of the genus Derris Lour. (Fabaceae) was discovered in Peninsular Thailand. The overall morphology demonstrates that the species most resembles D. pubipetala. Nevertheless, the species has several autapomorphies differentiating it from other Derris species, e.g., the presence of reddish midribs of the mature leaflets, sparsely hairy stamen filaments, prominent hairs at the base of the anthers, and presence of glandular trichomes along the leaflet midrib. Additionally, HPLC fingerprints of this species showed a distinction from D. pubipetala by the absence of phytochemical compound peaks after 13 min. Retention Time (RT). Results from molecular phylogenetic analyses also strongly supported the taxonomic status as a new species.
Predictive modelling of total operating room time for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy using pre-operatively known indicators to guide accurate surgical scheduling in a critical access hospital
Authors: Prier Todd , Yale-Suda Kelly , Westover Hailey , Corey Ryan
Published: January 2024

The financial margin of rural and critical access hospitals highly depends on their surgical volume. An efficient operating room is necessary to maximise profit and minimise financial loss. OR utilisation is a crucial OR efficiency metric requiring accurate case duration estimates. The patient's age, ASA, BMI, Mallampati score, previous surgery, the planned surgery, the surgeon, the assistant's level of experience and the severity of the patient's disease are also associated with operative duration. Although complex machine-learning models are accurate in operative prediction, they are not always available in resource-limited hospitals. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is one of the most common surgical procedures performed and is one of the few procedures performed at critical access and rural hospitals. The accurate estimation of the operative duration of LC is essential for efficient OR utilisation. We hypothesise that a multivariate linear regression prediction model can be constructed from a set of pre-operatively known, easily collected variables to maximise OR utilisation and improve operative scheduling accuracy for LC. We further hypothesise that this model can be implemented in resource-limited environments, such as critical access hospitals.
A novel approach for enhanced abnormal action recognition via coarse and precise detection stage
Authors: Lei Yongsheng , Ding Meng , Lu Tianliang , Li Juhao , Zhao Dongyue , Chen Fushi
Published: January 2024

With the proliferation of urban video surveillance systems, the abundance of surveillance video data has emerged as a pivotal asset for enhancing public safety. Within these video archives, the identification of abnormal human actions carries profound implications for security incidents. Nevertheless, existing surveillance systems primarily rely on conventional algorithms, leading to both missed incidents and false alarms. To address the challenge of automating multi-object surveillance video analysis, this study introduces a comprehensive method for the detection and recognition of multi-object abnormal actions. This study comprises a two-stage framework: the coarse detection stage employs an enhanced YOWOv2E model for spatio-temporal action detection, while the precise detection stage utilizes a two-stream network for precise action classification. In parallel, this paper presents the PSA-Dataset to address the current limitations in the field of abnormal action detection. Experimental results, collected from both public datasets and a self-built dataset, illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in identifying a wide spectrum of abnormal actions. This work offers valuable insights for automating the analysis of human actions in videos pertaining to public security.
Condition numbers of the generalized ridge regression and its statistical estimation
Authors: Kong Jing , Wang Shaoxin
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we considered the condition number theory of a new generalized ridge regression model. The explicit expressions of different types of condition numbers were derived to measure the ill-conditionness of the generalized ridge regression problem with respect to different circumstances. To overcome the computational difficulty of computing the exact value of the condition number, we employed the statistical condition estimation theory to design efficient condition number estimators, and the numerical examples were also given to illustrate its efficiency.
Linear stability for a free boundary problem modeling the growth of tumor cord with time delay
Authors: Zhou Haihua , Liu Yaxin , Wang Zejia , Song Huijuan
Published: January 2024

This paper was concerned with a free boundary problem modeling the growth of tumor cord with a time delay in cell proliferation, in which the cell location was incorporated, the domain was bounded in $ \mathbb{R}^2 $, and its boundary included two disjoint closed curves, one fixed and the other moving and a priori unknown. A parameter $ \mu $ represents the aggressiveness of the tumor. We proved that there exists a unique radially symmetric stationary solution for sufficiently small time delay, and this stationary solution is linearly stable under the nonradially symmetric perturbations for any $ \mu > 0 $. Moreover, adding the time delay in the model leads to a larger stationary tumor. If the tumor aggressiveness parameter is bigger, the time delay has a greater effect on the size of the stationary tumor, but it has no effect on the stability of the stationary solution.
Why now? Causal Attributions for Unemployment in Older People in Spain, Based on Their Life Experiences
Authors: Amber Montes Diana , Domingo Segovia Jesús
Published: January 2024

In a society marked by commerce and competitiveness, age has become an exclusion factor in employment, which affects people aged over 45 years. Based on the voices of the affected individuals in the Spanish context, this study explores the perceived causal attributions for their unemployment situation along with their experiences of job success. We conducted a multi-case study from an autobiographical perspective with ten participants, using indepth interviews and reflective dialogue around life experiences. The results reveal, from a relational approach, the main attributions that emerged during the discourse. In spite of their singularities, the results indicate that the discourses generate shared identity traits, although there is an agreement in indicating age discrimination as one of the main determinants. Key words: social inequality, unemployment, training, employment opportunities, adults
Međuzavisnost rodne zastupljenosti i postignutih rezultata u tijelima državne uprave u Republici Hrvatskoj
Authors: Mateljak Željko , Jurlina Alibegović Dubravka
Published: January 2024

Each institution in the state administration in the Republic of Croatia organizes its operations through numerous administrative organizations (administrations) and organizational units (independent sectors, sectors, services, departments, sections and sub-sections) whose number and responsibilities differ with regard to their internal organization. In this paper, the emphasis is on state administration bodies, that is, on ministries and state administrative organizations. The paper tries to answer the research question of whether there is a difference in the efficiency of the operations of state administration bodies in the Republic of Croatia in relation to the representation of women and men among employed officials and state employees. The aim of the paper is to recognize the importance and analyze gender representation in state administration bodies in the Republic of Croatia and to determine whether there is a difference in the efficiency of work results in state administration bodies in relation to the representation of women and men. The research covers 16 ministries and 12 state administrative organizations in the Republic of Croatia, which employ a total of about 49,820 employees. According to the research results, there is no statistically significant difference between business efficiency and gender representation in state administration bodies in the Republic of Croatia. Key words: gender representation, state administrative organization, efficiency, T- test.
Contribution à l´étude du vocabulaire ancien du ḥassāniyya d´après quelques textes du dīwān de Saddūm Wuld Nd̆aṛtu (1122-1227 / 1710-1812)
Authors: Ould Mohamed Baba Ahmed Salem
Published: January 2024

[fr] La présente étude a pour but de contribuer, par l´examen des textes du dīwān du plus ancien poète populaire mauritanien connu, Saddūm Wuld Nd̆aṛtu, à identifier le vocabulaire ancien et à en expliquer la signification. Nous interrogeons ce dīwān en tant qu´ unique témoin conservé de l´époque de l´auteur (18ème siècle) pour qu´il nous aide à identifier dans ses poèmes les mots anciens qui sont depuis longtemps tombés en désuétude et sont aujourd´hui considérés comme des archaïsmes, des termes étranges ou peu familiers à la plupart des locuteurs ou à tous. L´étude comprend, d´une part une description du contexte historique dans lequel vivait le poète et, d´autre part, une brève présentation du contenu du dīwān, avant d´aborder le sujet principal, à savoir le vocabulaire ancien du ḥassāniyya contenu dans l´ouvrage. Quant aux caractéristiques communes de ce vocabulaire, il convient de noter l´abondance de termes issus du champ lexical de la guerre (batailles, armes, chevaux, etc.).
L’église abbatiale Saint-Martin de Chapaize
Authors: Guerreau Alain
Published: January 2024

Les quelques travaux consacrés jusqu’ici à Saint-Martin de Chapaize sont loin d’avoir épuisé la matière. Une recherche approfondie dans les documents écrits, édités et inédits, a permis de revoir radicalement l’histoire de cet édifice. Une petite abbaye fut créée, probablement aux alentours de 700, à proximité d’un ancien lieu de culte antique, au milieu d’une zone forestière. Ce fut seulement au xiiie siècle qu’elle devint un prieuré de l’abbaye chalonnaise de Saint-Pierre. L’édifice actuel, construit au-dessus d’un bâtiment antérieur, date probablement de la seconde moitié du xe siècle. Dans son premier état, il comportait une nef voûtée d’arêtes ; le clocher, renforcé par plusieurs niveaux de cerclage en bois, ne reçut le second étage de fenêtres que dans un second temps. Au xiiie siècle, peut-être à la suite du nouveau rattachement, fut installé un portail de prestige, peint et muni de plantureux vantaux de fer forgé, toujours en place.
L’éthique des données dans les chartes éthiques des collectivités territoriales
Authors: Verdi Ugo
Published: January 2024

L’article examine comment l’éthique des données contribue à l’intelligibilité des données dans les collectivités territoriales françaises. Il se centre plus spécifiquement sur les communes et métropoles et étudie la manière dont ces dernières formalisent cette éthique des données au sein de chartes éthiques pour fédérer les agents de leurs territoires et développer de nouveaux services. Pour ce faire, il présente les propriétés de l’éthique des données et celles des chartes avant de proposer une analyse de discours de six chartes éthiques des données produites à partir de 2019. L’objectif est d’en extraire les caractéristiques saillantes pour déterminer les défis à surmonter, les pratiques à encadrer et la potentielle présence d’une homogénéité des contenus.
PROGEDO au service de l’intelligibilité des données quantitatives
Authors: Zurbach Jonathan
Published: January 2024

PROGEDO (PROduction et GEstion des DOnnées) est une organisation scientifique dédiée à la production de données quantitatives et à la diffusion de la culture de ces données au sein des communautés des sciences humaines et sociales (SHS). Notre contribution propose d’analyser les stratégies communicationnelles et organisationnelles que PROGEDO a mises en œuvre pour accroître l’intelligibilité et par extension la réutilisabilité de ses données quantitatives. Nous nous concentrons ici sur l’analyse des activités communicationnelles des professionnels des données quantitatives œuvrant au sein du réseau de Plateformes Universitaires de Données (PUD), déployé par l’organisation, sur l’ensemble du territoire français, de 2014 à 2021.
Organisations de santé et approches des inégalités. La prévention des cancers
Authors: Sampic Maureen
Published: January 2024

Depuis 2006 en France, le vaccin anti-HPV (papillomavirus) est recommandé et remboursé pour toutes les jeunes filles dès l’âge de 11 ans. En 2019, l’HAS (Haute Autorité de Santé) a décidé d’élargir cette vaccination à tous les enfants, filles et garçons. De quelle manière ce changement va-t-il être accompagné par les organisations de promotion de la santé, en particulier par le CRCDC OC (Centre Régional de Coordination du dépistage des cancers occitanie) ? Dans quelle mesure cette décision gouvernementale tardive témoigne-t-elle d’une ignorance ou de représentations genrées de la maladie ? Nous analysons cette transition d’un point de vue info-communicationnel, en comparant les directives nationales inscrites dans les discours institutionnels avec les discours des acteurs de terrain chargés de faire appliquer cette réforme de santé.
The implications of artificial intelligence for strategic and organisational communication
Authors: Buhmann Alexander
Published: January 2024

In this article, he develops a normative framework of three key communicative principles to manage accountability when stakeholder relationships become heavily burdened by epistemic concerns with AI. The communication principles aim to facilitate access to an ongoing, comprehensible and inclusive debate.
Unveiling the Future
Authors: Komalasari Rita
Published: January 2024

The Metaverse, a virtual world created by the internet's evolution, has blurred the lines between the physical and virtual worlds. Blockchain technology and digital twins have emerged as innovative solutions to this digital transformation. This chapter explores the synergy between blockchain technology and digital twins in healthcare data management within the Metaverse. The primary objective is to develop a privacy-aware biometric blockchain system that preserves, authenticates, and verifies healthcare data in real-time. This study pioneers a paradigm shift in healthcare data management, leveraging the transformative potential of the Metaverse. A comprehensive literature study was conducted to understand the evolution of the internet, blockchain technology, and digital twins. The results demonstrate the transformative potential of the proposed privacy preservation in metaverse healthcare data management.
The Formation Process and Accommodation Development on Mountainous Farmland of Mon Cham, Chiang Mai
Authors: Sukpinij Kunlanun , Ota Shoichi
Published: January 2024

This research aims to study tourism and spatial development in Mon Cham, and to identify key factors that promote and control tourism development from the beginning to the present. Originally, local people had settled in this area before it was declared as a national forest reserve area. As a result, the lands have been allocated for agricultural and residential purposes to villagers under restricted law of land use. In 2009, it was promoted as an agro-tourism attraction site. The arrival of tourists caused changes of land use from agricultural purpose to various services of tourism amenities, especially the accommodation business. Currently, there are about 100 accommodation businesses which were built in this area forming the remarkable landscape of over a hundred white dots of tents on the green cultivating hill. The analysis on development and patterns of spatial usage is presented by mapping and typological methods, using data from literature reviews, interviews, aerial photos, official news reports, and observation surveys to describe land use and related factors which were impacted to tourism development, including physical, political, economic, and social environments from the beginning of tourism development. The research found that the physical environment of nature and cultivating land were the origin of potential in tourism development. The related Acts affected interruption and control of tourism development, while Gazette No.2/2562 was interpreted as the promotion of tourism development. The conflict caused by the mentioned Acts and Gazette led to suspension of newly built accommodations in 2020.
Thermal Environmental Monitoring of Apartment Building in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alaboud Naif Sultan
Published: January 2024

The overconsumption of finite energy resources by the residential sector, especially during the summer season in Saudi Arabia, is due to an almost insatiable need for air conditioning to reduce heat. Cheap electricity prices also contribute to high consumption in apartment buildings. At least 50% of electricity consumption is used in households, where air conditioners consume about three-quarters of total usage. This study will evaluate the thermal performance of low-rise residential buildings in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The selected building, newly built in 2020, has three floors. To explore the internal thermal performance of the selected apartment, readings were taken in June 2021. Data collected included indoor air temperature values recorded every fifteen minutes., over a one-week period, in two parts of the case study building. In addition, point measurements of specific environment variables were performed at selected time points. On-site readings have been tabulated and analyzed, and the results provide a more accurate measurement of the fabric and design performance of existing buildings, particularly the side walls, floors and ceilings. outside, to evaluate internal thermal performance. The results illustrate the effectiveness of existing building structures used in the case study building. Also, this study concluded that indoor surface temperatures were up to 6.5 °C higher than indoor air temperatures, despite having thermal insulation on external surfaces.
Investigations of Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of Mn0.3Fe2.7O4/PEO/PMMA/AC Nanocomposites
Authors: Wahyuni Angraeni Sri Hanifa , Sunaryono Sunaryono , Chusna Nadiya Miftachul , Wisodo Hari , Supriyono Anugrah Pratama , Mufti Nandang , Taufiq Ahmad
Published: January 2024

The Mn0.3Fe2.7O4/PEO/PMMA/AC nanocomposites were synthesized using co-precipitation and solid-state reaction methods. The Mn0.3Fe2.7O4/PEO/PMMA/AC nanocomposites were success formed. This was confirmed by characterization using FTIR instrument. The Fe-O, C-O, and C-H2 functional groups were the representation of Mn0.3Fe2.7O4, PEO/PMMA, and AC respectively. Investigation of crystal structure was characterized using XRD instrument. According to X-Ray Diffraction analysis, the crystal size was 10.82 nanometers and the peak of AC was detected on 2θ around 24.85o. In addition, the investigation of magnetic properties was characterized using VSM instrument. This result showed that the Mn0.3Fe2.7O4/PEO/PMMA/AC nanocomposites behave as a superparamagnetic material with a saturation magnetization value was around 12.55 emu/gram.
Current Measures and Future Pathways for Achieving Carbon Neutral Building Design: A Focus on Coastal Commercial Buildings
Authors: Yang Huimin , Kim Chulsoo
Published: January 2024

There is now limited worldwide research and discussion on carbon neutrality in commercial buildings to meet practical needs. A review of the research literature and existing examples of carbon-neutral design for commercial buildings using the original five design pathways from the US and Dutch case studies found that current approaches to reducing carbon emissions and improving energy efficiency by maximising natural sunlight and reducing electricity use have exceeded the energy demand rate of buildings, however, the lack of measures for carbon-negative technologies has hindered the development of carbon-neutral buildings. This study builds on the original pathway by proposing a design pathway of 'target (carbon neutral) + environment (coastal) + design project (commercial building)', divided into two areas: carbon reduction and carbon sequestration for coastal buildings. The design pathway for carbon sequestration includes measures such as CTU for freight, wetland restoration and ocean energy use.
Urban Heritage Conservation in Saudi Arabia Toward Sustainable Reuses
Authors: Mazzetto Silvia
Published: January 2024

In Saudi Arabia, the recent interest in safeguarding urban heritage has promoted sustainable strategies compliant with the National Vision 2023. Many heritage villages were abandoned for years due to the inhabitant's relocation to new residential units. However, after being neglected for many years, the heritage villages have been recently rehabilitated by Governmental Institutions with the involvement of the local community to raise awareness about Saudi Culture and heritage and improve local investment and appreciation of local culture. The paper presents and discusses four case studies of heritage villages in Saudi Arabia by comparing the intervention methodologies, the conservation approach promoted by the supervising Governmental institutions, and assessing criteria and principles adopted during the intervention. Results show that urban heritage intervention can provide more flexibility in reuse by adopting restorative interventions, while the conservative target is to valorize the originality of sites listed under UNESCO. Finally, the proposed methodology for the assessment of sustainable reuses of urban heritage sites in Saudi Arabia can promote strategic opportunities in the country's growth, targeting economic, environmental, economic, and social values.
Sensorimotor and proprioceptive exercise programs to improve balance in older adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Pšeničnik Sluga Silvo , Kozinc Ziga
Published: January 2024

The primary aim of this study was to systematically review and meta-analyze the impact of sensorimotor and proprioceptive exercises on balance in older adults. We also sought to define how researchers describe proprioceptive and sensory-motor training and their respective protocols. The review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines, with searches performed in March 2023. Both authors carried out independent searches using the PubMed and PEDro databases. From a total of 320 identified records, 12 studies were deemed eligible for meta-analysis after screening and removal of duplicates. The average PEDro score was 5.11 ± 1.11 indicating overall fair quality of studies.  Common outcome measures included the Berg balance scale, Timed up and go test, Tinetti balance scale, Functional reach test and various single-leg stance tests. All outcomes were significantly improved by the interventions (standard mean difference = 0.65 – 1.29), with little difference between proprioceptive and sensorimotor training. However, the quality of evidence ranged from “very low” to “low” based on GRADE guidelines, suggesting further high-quality studies are needed. This review underscores the potential benefits of sensorimotor and proprioceptive exercises for enhancing balance in older adults, while also highlighting the ambiguity and inconsistency regarding the usage of the terms proprioceptive and sensorimotor training.
Economic burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Morocco: a cost of illness study
Authors: Benmaamar Soumaya , Es-sabbahi Btissame , Taghyioullah Haiba Mohammed , Omari Mohamed , El Harch Ibtissam , Youbi Mohammed , Belakhhel Latifa , Abousselham Loubna , Hachri Hafid , El Menchawyi Imane , EL Fakir Samira , Benjelloun Mohammed Chakib , Tachfouti Nabil
Published: January 2024

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) carries an important economic burden worldwide. However, the cost of this disease in Morocco is not well explored. This study aimed to estimate the economic cost associated with COPD in Morocco and identify its determinants. A cost of illness, prevalence-based study using a bottom-up approach method, including COPD patients, was carried out in 2021-2022. The cost was estimated from a societal perspective, and the time horizon was 1 year. Data collection was performed using a questionnaire including socio-demographic, clinical data, and utilization of health care resources in 2019: hospitalization, medical tests, medications, and medical visits. Direct health cost (DHC) was estimated by multiplying the use of health services by the official prices (unit costs) published by the National Agency for Health Insurance. The indirect cost (IC) represented by labor productivity losses was calculated using the human capital method. Costs were compared according to different socio-demographic and clinical factors. We included 159 patients; 82.4% were men, 80.4% were current or former smokers, and 78.7% were categorized as “high-risk” groups (grades C–D). The DHC was estimated at $1816.6 per patient per year. Pharmaceutical and hospitalization costs represented the highest part of the total DHC (42.5% and 22.1%, respectively). The IC was estimated at $709.5±1081.3 per patient per year. DHC increased with increasing disease severity and with the number of severe exacerbations (p<0.001). Current and former smokers were more costly to the healthcare system than nonsmokers (p=0.029). IC also increased with the number of severe exacerbations (p=0.003). In this study, we showed that COPD in Morocco generates important costs for the health system, mainly related to smoking and the severity of the disease. It is therefore important to strengthen tobacco control measures in our country.
Comparative yield of transbronchial cryo-nodal biopsy, transbronchial intra-nodal forceps biopsy, and transbronchial needle aspiration for mediastinal lesions at a tertiary care center in India (COLD-FORCEPS study)
Authors: Madan Manu , Mahendran AJ , Kumar Rohit , Kedia Yash , Kaushik Rajnish , Ish Pranav , Chakrabarti Shibdas , Gupta Neeraj Kumar , Gupta Nitesh
Published: January 2024

Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) guided mediastinal cryobiopsy, and intranodal forceps biopsy are newer modalities for sampling mediastinal lymph nodes. The data regarding the diagnostic yield of both modalities is scarce. Patients were recruited retrospectively from our existing database. Patients who had undergone both an EBUS guided mediastinal cryobiopsy and an intranodal forceps biopsy were enrolled in the study. The final diagnosis was made with a clinical-pathological-radiological assessment and clinico-radiological follow-up after one month. A total of 34 patients were enrolled in the study who had undergone both EBUS guided mediastinal cryobiopsy and intranodal forceps biopsy and had complete data available, including 1-month follow-up data. The sample adequacy rate of EBUS-transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), EBUS-TBNA with mediastinal cryobiopsy, and EBUS-TBNA with intranodal forceps biopsy was 94.11%, 97.05%, and 94.11%, respectively (p=0.56). The diagnostic yield achieved in EBUS-TBNA, EBUS-TBNA with mediastinal cryobiopsy, and EBUS-TBNA with intranodal forceps biopsy was 73.52%, 82.35%, and 79.41%, respectively (p=0.38). No major complications were seen in any patient. To conclude, adding EBUS guided mediastinal cryobiopsy and intranodal forceps biopsy to EBUS-TBNA may not be superior to routine EBUS-TBNA.
Patency Rates and Outcomes of Renal Access Arteriovenous Fistulas for Hemodialysis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Sharma Anil , Sindwani Gaurav , Singh Dharamveer , Mathur Rajendra , Bhardwaj Ankit
Published: January 2024

Hemodialysis remains the most popular modality of renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease patients with chronic kidney disease. Various factors such as a radial artery, cephalic vein diameter, age, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus can affect the fistula maturation. This study was carried out to know the patency rates and factors affecting fistula maturation in the Indian population. This is a prospective observational study which aimed to study the patency rate of arteriovenous (AV) fistulas. On the day of surgery, patients were shifted inside the operation theater. Under all aseptic precautions, an AV fistula was formed using the radial artery and cephalic vein. All patients were followed up for 6 months. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22. To see the change over a period of time, McNemar test for categorical data and repeated measure for continuous data followed by post hoc comparison by Bonferroni method were used. The mean age of the patients was 46.98 ± 13.33 years. The mean diameter of the cephalic vein, ulnar artery, and radial artery at the wrist was 1.733 ± 0.528, 1.700 ± 0.364, and 1.908 ± 0.420, respectively, whereas the mean diameter of the cephalic vein, ulnar artery, and radial artery at the forearm was 1.952 ± 0.488, 1.910 ± 0.421, and 2.058 ± 0.458, respectively. Immediate thrill after the surgery was present in 36/52 (69.2%) of the patients. The radial artery diameter at the wrist was significantly less in the patients with primary failure in whom immediate thrill was not present (P = 0.016). At 1-month follow-up, 30/49 (61.2%) and, at 6 months, 29/48 (60.4%) fistulas were functional. Radiocephalic AV fistulas have a reasonable success rate and minimal morbidity, and radial artery diameter is a good predictor of the outcome.
In vitro comparative evaluation of apical leakage using a bioceramic sealer with three different obturating techniques: A glucose leakage model
Authors: Agrawal Tanvi S , Singh Shishir , Podar Rajesh S , Kulkarni Gaurav , Gadkari Anuprita , Agarwal Navin
Published: January 2024

Context:

Bioceramic sealers have improved sealing ability by forming an interfacial apatite layer that chemically bonds the sealer and radicular dentin thus decrease apical leakage.

Aim:

This study aims to evaluate and compare the apical leakage of Cerafill RCS bioceramic sealer and gutta percha when used with three different obturating techniques.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-four extracted single-rooted premolars were decoronated and prepared up to size F3. Then, the specimens were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups (n = 10) cold lateral obturation technique, warm vertical obturation technique, single-cone obturation technique, positive and negative control groups (n = 2), according to the obturation technique used along with a bioceramic sealer. To evaluate apical leakage, all specimens were mounted in a glucose leakage model and assessed at 7 and 14 days using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer.

Statistical Analysis:

The results were subjected to ANOVA/Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA; followed by post hoc analysis using Bonferroni correction.

Results:

Significant differences were found in the cumulative leakage of all the three experimental groups. Significantly higher leakage was found in groups obturated using single-cone obturation technique as compared to warm vertical compaction technique at both 7 and 14 days.

Conclusions:

Warm vertical compaction showed a better sealing result than single-cone obturation techniques at all observation periods.
In vitro comparison to study the antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles gel and its various combinants as an intracanal medicament against Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Jhamb Swaty , Singla Ruchi , Kaur Amandeep , Sharma Jyoti , Bhushan Jagat
Published: January 2024

Background:

Endodontic infections have been clearly described as biofilm-mediated infections. Bacteria and their by-products have been known to cause these infections. With the introduction of new drugs and the use of nanoparticles in recent times, there has been a significant reduction in the bacterial load in endodontic infections.

Aims and Objectives:

The in vitro study focuses on checking the antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles and its combination with other medicaments against the root canal pathogen – Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis).

Methodology:

In the present study, 140 extracted human teeth were used. The teeth were sectioned, and biomechanical preparation was done. The root canals of the extracted teeth were inoculated with the culture of E. faecalis. The teeth were divided into six groups based on the intracanal medicament used:

Group 1 – Silver nanocure gel

Group 2 – Silver nanocure gel + Cavisept gel (1:1)

Group 3 - Silver nanocure gel + Aveu-Cal gel (1:1)

Group 4 – Silver nanocure gel + Cavisept gel + Aveu-Cal gel (1:1:1)

Group 5 - Positive control (specimens were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and left untreated to confirm the presence of infection)

Group 6 - Negative control (no bacterial contamination of specimens).

The colony-forming units were recorded after 48 h of incubation.

Results:

The statistical analysis of the colony-forming units was done using the Kruskal–Wallis tests. Silver nanocure gel + Cavisept gel + Aveu-Cal gel (1:1:1) showed the least colony-forming units.

Conclusion:

The present study is an in vitro study, in which we concluded that the combination of all the intracanal medicaments is the best for the elimination of E. faecalis biofilm from the root canal. The above findings need to be tested in vivo also.
Comparative analysis of novel heat-treated retreatment file system on the removal of obturating material using nano-computed tomography
Authors: Sairaman Sruthi , Solete Pradeep , Jeevanandan Ganesh , Antony S. Delphine Priscilla , Kavoor Sowmya , Adimulapu Hima Sandeep
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

The aim of nonsurgical retreatment is to remove the previous filling material followed by chemo-mechanical preparation of the canal to achieve proper disinfection of the root canal system. This is then followed by re-obturation. This study evaluates the time taken to retrieve the gutta-percha and the quantity of remaining filling material after retreatment with two different file systems. The quantity of remaining filling material was assessed using nano-computed tomography (CT) due to its increased accuracy.

Materials and Methods:

Forty extracted single-rooted teeth were split into two groups at random and decoronated and obturated at a standard root length of 16 mm. Solite RS3 (SRS-3) Retreatment and ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PTUR) systems were used to retrieve the gutta-percha after a preoperative nano-CT scan. Postoperative nano-CT scan was taken and both the scans were superimposed to quantify the remaining filling material. The time taken to remove gutta-percha was measured using a stopwatch. The statistical analysis comparing the two groups was conducted using the independent t-test.

Results:

The quantitative analysis of remaining filling material using nano-CT showed no statistical difference between both the file systems used (P > 0.05). However, SRS-3 took significantly less time in the removal of gutta-percha (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Hence, we can conclude that there is no significant difference in the amount of remaining filling material between both the file systems. However, time taken to remove the gutta-percha was lesser in SRS-3 compared to PTUR file system.
A Prospective Observational Study on Drug Utilization in Renal Impaired Patients at Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Saggu Varunsingh , Patel Dhwani , Sajan Cyril , Rajput Hemraj Singh , Hadia Rajesh
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Renal impairment is characterized by a progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate, a significant public health issue worldwide associated with high morbidity and mortality. In most cases, renal impairment is associated with comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes, which require multiple drug therapy during a course of treatment, leading to polypharmacy.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to assess the prescribing pattern of drugs in renal-impaired patients at Dhiraj General Hospital.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 150 patients with renal impairment were finally recruited after strictly obeying the selection criteria in this cross-sectional, observational study conducted over 6 months in a tertiary care teaching hospital, directorate general of hydrocarbons. Relevant data were extracted by interviewing the patients and from prescriptions, case records, and investigational reports.

Results:

Of the total 150 patients, 94 (63%) were male and 56 (37%) female. The highest numbers of patients were in the age group >60 years (59 patients, 39.3%). Anemia was the most common comorbidity (143 patients, 95%) observed, followed by hypertension (129 patients, 86%) and diabetes mellitus (64 patients, 43%). A total of 1693 drugs were prescribed to 150 renal-impaired patients. Each patient received an average of 11.19 ± 3.51 (8%) drugs. Polypharmacy was seen in all patients. Drugs acting on the cardiovascular system constituted the bulk of the prescriptions (25.87%), followed by gastrointestinal (GI) drugs (18.72%), vitamins and minerals (14.94%), and antibiotics (8.33%).

Conclusion:

There is polypharmacy in patients with renal impairment due to associated comorbidities. The prevalence of polypharmacy was high in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Antihypertensive drugs, drugs used for the GI system, antibiotics, and antidiabetic drugs were frequently used in CKD patients.
Comparison of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin-based prognostic models on the clinical outcomes of gestational trophoblastic disease patients in the Philippines
Authors: Sy Alvin Duke R. , Cagayan Maria Stephanie Fay Samadan
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE:

Despite the widespread use and measurement of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) among hydatidiform mole (HM) patients, models derived from this biomarker to predict the remission or postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) rarely perform well. The study aimed to generate cutoff points for postevacuation β-HCG levels and evaluate their performance among women with complete molar pregnancies.

METHODS:

A retrospective cohort study composed of women with complete HM underwent bivariate procedures comparing characteristics between the comparison groups. Cut points using Liu's and Youden's indices were estimated, and their performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Cox regression to compare time-to-progression across these proposed β-HCG cutoffs was also performed.

RESULTS:

The incidence of postmolar GTN among the 155 women in the study was 15.5% (95% confidence interval: 10.2%–22.2%). Postevacuation HCG levels had a better prediction of disease status than preevacuation and HCG ratio models (χ
2: 163.07, P < 0.01). A cutoff at 508 mIU/mL the 3rd-week postevacuation (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.89, sensitivity: 87.5%, specificity: 90.1%) was comparable with the 185 mIU/mL cutoff at the 5th-week postevacuation (AUC: 0.89, sensitivity: 91.7%, specificity: 87%). The hazards ratio of postmolar GTN was 29.74 (8.53–103.71) and 39.89 (8.82–180.38) for the 3rd and 5th weeks HCG after evacuation adjusting for clinically relevant variables.

CONCLUSION:

The first 3rd- and 5th-week postevacuation levels of β-HCG demonstrated potential in predicting postmolar GTN. However, further refinement and adjustment for clinically relevant risk factors are still needed.