bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The political economy of philanthropy: Vidich’s contribution to a revamped intellectual endeavour
Authors: Ochoa-Carreno Lina
Published: January 2025

The prevailing approach to philanthropy among economists has revolved around individual giving behaviour. Although some elements for a political economy perspective to philanthropy were sketched by a few economists in the 60s and 70s, they were disjointed and such an approach never took off. This article reviews the early evolution of economic thinking on philanthropy and examines the ideas of sociologist Arthur Vidich, which provide relevant elements for the construction of a systemic, political economy framework to philanthropy. Building on Marxist analytical principles, Vidich offers some organising themes for the study of philanthropy from a sociologist’s viewpoint. However, the economic nature of this phenomenon is somewhat missing in his work and needs to be addressed. This article explores two major channels through which the contemporary economic dynamics affects philanthropy: the financialisation and the technological change, and calls for a comprehensive inclusion of philanthropy in the analysis of the economic system.
The heroes and killjoys of green megaprojects: a feminist critique
Authors: Eriksson Madeleine , Lundgren Anna Sofia , Eriksson Rikard H
Published: January 2025

Using a broad range of materials (media and interviews), we analyse the development of three green megaprojects in the two northernmost regions of Sweden. We find support for the presence of a strong ideological fantasy tied to a few “green heroes”, supporting the notion that the investments are the ultimate answer not only to climate crisis but also to the territory’s perceived left-behindness. The symbolic construction of the fantasy also contributes to the production of killjoys through marginalizing and feminizing opposition to the megaprojects. Our analysis thereby points to the importance of a feminist intervention and critique of the neoliberal ideology that frames green megaprojects.
Filter-enhanced Contrast Variational AutoEncoders for sequential recommendation
Authors: Chen Zhijin , Lin Nankai , Yang Aimin , Zhou Dong
Published: January 2025

Data augmentation-based contrastive learning has been successfully employed in Variational AutoEncoders sequence recommendation systems to tackle the issue of data sparsity. Nevertheless, this strategy is generally less advantageous for tail users. The prospective transmission of information from head-to-tail users to alleviate long-tail impact is encouraging. However, data augmentation distorts the original sequence and embeds stochastic noise into latent variables, impeding the decoder’s capacity to accurately identify the user’s true preferences. In addition, contrastive learning seeks to achieve consistency in the latent variables of both the original and augmented data. However, the presence of noise in the augmented data might hamper the encoding of latent variables from the original data, especially impacting head users. In order to address these challenges, this work introduces a new sequence recommendation model called the Filter-enhanced Contrastive Variational Autoencoder (FeCVAE). It employs Fourier filters and adversarial attack training to minimize the impact of stochastic noise, thereby improving the quality of latent variables and facilitating more accurate decoder outputs. Moreover, a user enhancer is introduced to leverage knowledge from head users to empower tail users, thereby alleviating the long-tail effect. The efficacy of FeCVAE is demonstrated through comprehensive experiments across four benchmark datasets.
Atrial cardiomyocyte-restricted cleavage of gasdermin D promotes atrial arrhythmogenesis
Authors: Yuan Yue , Martsch Pascal , Chen Xiaohui , Martinez Enrique , Li Luge , Song Jia , Poppenborg Theresa , Bruns Florian , Kim Jong Hwan , Kamler Markus , Martin James F , Abu-Taha Issam , Dobrev Dobromir , Li Na
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

Enhanced inflammatory signalling causally contributes to atrial fibrillation (AF) development. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is an important downstream effector of several inflammasome pathways. However, the role of GSDMD, particularly the cleaved N-terminal (NT)-GSDMD, in non-immune cells remains elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the function of NT-GSDMD in atrial cardiomyocytes (ACMs) and determine its contribution to atrial arrhythmogenesis.

Methods

Human atrial appendages were used to assess the protein levels and localization. A modified adeno-associated virus 9 was employed to establish ACM-restricted overexpression of NT-GSDMD in mice.

Results

The cleavage of GSDMD was enhanced in ACMs of AF patients. Atrial cardiomyocyte-restricted overexpression of NT-GSDMD in mice increased susceptibility to pacing-induced AF. The NT-GSDMD pore formation facilitated interleukin-1β secretion from ACMs, promoting macrophage infiltration, while up-regulating ‘endosomal sorting complexes required for transport’-mediated membrane-repair mechanisms, which prevented inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis) in ACMs. Up-regulated NT-GSDMD directly targeted mitochondria, increasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which triggered proarrhythmic calcium-release events. The NT-GSDMD-induced arrhythmogenesis was mitigated by the mitochondrial-specific antioxidant MitoTEMPO. A mutant NT-GSDMD lacking pore-formation capability failed to cause mitochondrial dysfunction or induce atrial arrhythmia. Genetic ablation of Gsdmd prevented spontaneous AF development in a mouse model.

Conclusions

These findings establish a unique pyroptosis-independent role of NT-GSDMD in ACMs and arrhythmogenesis, which involves ROS-driven mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial-targeted therapy, either by reducing ROS production or inhibition of GSDMD, prevents AF inducibility, positioning GSDMD as a novel therapeutic target for AF prevention.
Lactobacillus gasseri prevents ibrutinib-associated atrial fibrillation through butyrate
Authors: Shi Ling , Duan Yu , Fang Ning , Zhang Ning , Yan Sen , Wang Kunna , Hou Te , Wang Zhiqi , Jiang Xiaohui , Gao Qianhui , Zhang Song , Li Yue , Zhang Yun , Gong Yongtai
Published: January 2025

Background

Ibrutinib, a widely used anti-cancer drug, is known to significantly increase the susceptibility to atrial fibrillation (AF). While it is recognized that drugs can reshape the gut microbiota, influencing both therapeutic effectiveness and adverse events, the role of gut microbiota in ibrutinib-induced AF remains largely unexplored.

Method

Utilizing 16S rRNA gene sequencing, faecal microbiota transplantation, metabonomics, electrophysiological examination, and molecular biology methodologies, we sought to validate the hypothesis that gut microbiota dysbiosis promotes ibrutinib-associated AF and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Result

We found that ibrutinib administration pre-disposes rats to AF. Interestingly, ibrutinib-associated microbial transplantation conferred increased susceptibility to AF in rats. Notably, ibrutinib induced a significantly decrease in the abundance of Lactobacillus gasseri (L. gasseri), and oral supplementation of L. gasseri or its metabolite, butyrate (BA), effectively prevented rats from ibrutinib-induced AF. Mechanistically, BA inhibits the generation of reactive oxygen species, thereby ameliorating atrial structural remodelling. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ibrutinib inhibited the growth of L. gasseri by disrupting the intestinal barrier integrity.

Conclusion

Collectively, our findings provide compelling experimental evidence supporting the potential efficacy of targeting gut microbes in preventing ibrutinib-associated AF, opening new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
Designing supports for family and friends: outcomes from an Australian lived experience of suicide workshop
Authors: Ditton-Phare P , Skehan J , Clark M , Wilcox J , Fitzpatrick S
Published: January 2025

This study addresses the pivotal role of family and friends in supporting individuals experiencing suicidal distress. The research draws insights from a workshop at an Australian Lived Experience of Suicide Summit (2023) to explore how information and peer support should be presented and used in support programs and resources for family and friends supporting someone experiencing suicidal distress. The study engaged 52 delegates in an interactive workshop, comprising individuals with a lived experience of suicidal distress (30%), those bereaved by suicide (27%), family members or friends supporting someone with a lived experience of suicide (20%), sector representatives (16%) and others (7%). The workshop involved discussions on language, images, multimedia resources, key messages for programs and the integration of peer support. Content analysis categorized responses, and themes were ranked by popularity. Consensus emerged on preferred language referring to family and friends and those receiving support. Participants highlighted the importance of diversity in language, multimedia and images used in programs. This work helps to provide an understanding of family and friends’ preferences for language, media, imagery and messaging when considering developing programs for family and friends supporting someone in suicidal distress. Peer support was also acknowledged as valuable for family and friends, but further understanding of the format and implementation of peer support is needed. Adapting program content based on end-users’ advice is crucial for safety and engagement.
Patient safety is our business! Staff perspectives on implementing hospital falls prevention education
Authors: Loo Cheng Yen , Coulter Steffanie , Watson Carol , Vaz Sharmila , Morris Meg E , Flicker Leon , Weselman Tammy , Hill Anne-Marie
Published: January 2025

Providing patients with falls prevention education reduces falls in hospitals, yet there is limited research on what influences successful implementation at the staff, ward and hospital levels. We engaged hospital-based health professionals to identify multi-level barriers and enablers to patient falls education that could influence the implementation of a Safe Recovery program. Purposive sampling was used to recruit hospital staff (n = 40) for focus groups and one-on-one interviews. Data were analysed using content analysis and categorized using a socio-ecological framework to understand the micro, meso and macro level influences of hospital falls prevention. We identified five overarching themes, on the barriers and enablers to implementation of the Safe Recovery program. The enablers to falls prevention education included sharing the responsibility to implement the program, setting clear goals for staff, showing the impact of delivering the program, involving family to reinforce the messaging, using falls champions to upskill staff and making the resources (video and booklet) readily available to patients at all times. Barriers included insufficient time for staff to deliver falls prevention education, lack of falls prevention training for staff during their clinical training, absence of standardized protocols and clinical guidelines across hospital settings and insufficient hospital marketing to promote the program. Using a systems thinking approach, this study showed that implementation requires more advocacy and support for patient falls prevention across different tiers of the hospital system to integrate into usual care.
Big data twin recombination networks for grid low-carbon economic dispatch decision optimization
Authors: Liu Chang , Wu Jianfeng , Chen Yu , Wang Jianguo , Wang Tao , Hu Kairui , Wu Jianchao
Published: January 2025

To improve the low-carbon economic dispatch, we introduced a big data twin recombination network for grid low-carbon economic dispatch decision optimization. we quantified the energy structure and corrected the linear regression of power loads to boost grid dispatch efficiency, and optimized the correlation between the scheduling of power generation facilities and economic operational strategies by mapping and decomposing, expediting the cyclic relevance of the dispatch decision model. Results demonstrated that our method can optimize decision-making for grid economic dispatch and establish reliable correlation analysis models concerning carbon emissions, grid operational costs, energy utilization efficiency, and power load matching precision.
Visual cues enhance effectiveness of pheromone-baited traps for the corn earworm moth, Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Kwadha Charles A , Saveer Ahmed M , Wada-Katsumata Ayako , Reisig Dominic D , Hughes Gabriel P , Cardé Ring T , Schal Coby
Published: January 2025

Mate-finding and host localization by nocturnal moths are predominantly mediated by olfactory signals and cues, respectively. Nevertheless, some nocturnal moth species rely on olfactory and visual cues to locate resources, such as flowers. Although traps are indispensable for the detection and monitoring of corn earworm moths, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), a generalist and highly destructive crop pest, the role of visual cues in locating a pheromone source is poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether trap color influences the trap catch of the corn earworm. We showed that trap design affected male H. zea trap catch, with Hartstack-type traps being more effective than bucket traps, and more H. zea males were trapped in light-colored traps (white, yellow). However, under the dim ambient night conditions, when H. zea males fly, it is unlikely that they can discern trap colors. Instead, it is probable that H. zea males discriminate traps on the basis of their gray-scale reflectance, ranging from white to black. We found a positive correlation between trap captures and the relative luminance of dyed cheesecloth fabrics that we wrapped around Hartstack traps. Our findings suggest that at night, H. zea integrates the visual contrast between the trap and foliage background (ie apparency of the trap) in locating sex pheromone-baited traps.
Enhanced survival of mass-reared Mediterranean fruit flies via regular diurnal temperature oscillations
Authors: Lee Hyoseok , Carvalho Lori A F N , Manoukis Nicholas C
Published: January 2025

Effectively mass-rearing insects is critical for research, for environmentally friendly technologies like sterile insect technique, producing biological control agents, and enabling novel pest control methods such as those based on genetics or symbionts. While constant temperature conditions are typically used in mass-rearing, at what is considered an optimum value that produces the fittest insects, homeostatic conditions do not reflect the real world. We investigated the performance of mass-reared adult Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae) under constant (24 °C) and oscillating (mean 24 °C with 4 and 10 °C range) temperature regimes. Insect survivorship, flight ability, and female fecundity were assessed across the temperature regimes. Additionally, we compared adult C. capitata performance under environmental chamber and outdoor conditions to determine if temperature and humidity as simulated in the chambers resulted in similar performance outcomes for the insects as being outdoors. Male C. capitata under the 10 °C range treatment had higher survival probability at 55 d postemergence compared to the constant temperature regime, while females showed no significant differences in survivorship among temperature regimes. Flight ability and fecundity were not significantly affected by temperature regimes, though the 10 °C range group showed the highest fecundity. Comparisons between environmental chamber and outdoor conditions revealed minimal differences in performance metrics. Our findings suggest that the field performance of mass-reared male adult C. capitata can be improved by oscillating temperature regimes in mass-rearing facilities.
Protocols for circulating neutrophil depletion in neonatal C57Bl/6 mice
Authors: Mukherjee Devashis , Satyavolu Sriram , Cioffi Sarah , Thomas Asha , Li Yuexin , Nayak Lalitha
Published: January 2025

Murine neonatal neutrophil depletion strategies have problems achieving deep neutrophil clearance and accurate residual neutrophil fraction detection. An isotype switch method can achieve profound neutrophil clearance using a combination of anti-Ly6G and anti-rat κ Ig light chain antibodies in adult C57Bl/6 mice, proven by extra- and intracellular Ly6G detection by flow cytometry. We adapted this technique to neonatal mice, testing four neutrophil depletion strategies in the peripheral circulation, bone marrow, and spleen. Four protocols were tested: P3 Ly6G and P1-3 Ly6G (anti-Ly6G on postnatal days (P) 3 and 1-3 respectively), and P3 Dual and P1-3 Dual (anti-Ly6G and anti-rat κ Ig light chain on P3 and P1-3 respectively). Intracellular and extracellular Ly6G presence was detected using flow cytometry. Isotype control antibodies were used as controls. P1-3 Dual protocol achieved significantly better neutrophil depletion than the P1-3 Ly6G or P3 Ly6G protocols (97% vs. 74% and 97% vs. 50%, respectively) in the peripheral circulation. The P3 Dual protocol alone was enough to achieve significantly better neutrophil clearance (93%) than any of the Ly6G alone protocols. The Ly6G alone protocols led to near-total elimination of extracellular Ly6G. However, there was a significant presence of intracellular Ly6G in the CD45+ cell population, evading detection by extracellular Ly6G antibody-based detection methods. P3 protocols perform better than P1-3 protocols for bone marrow and splenic neutrophil clearance. Thus, the P3 Dual protocol might be the most effective and ethical protocol to induce profound neutrophil depletion in neonatal mice, an alternative to daily anti-Ly6G injections.
Weighting the past: an extended relational event model for negative and positive events
Authors: Arena Giuseppe , Mulder Joris , Leenders Roger T A J
Published: January 2025

In relational event networks, the sentiment of each social interaction describes a qualitative characteristic of the relational event. The additional information about the sentiment of an event allows the researcher to better understand social interaction in temporal social networks. To achieve this, this paper introduces a modelling framework called SentiREM, which extends the standard relational event model by (i) including a logistic regression model for the type (or sentiment) of the next event given the observed dyad, (ii) including typed endogenous statistics which summarize the past event history including their type, and (iii) including memory parameters, which capture the decay of the weight of past events as a function of their transpired time and their type/sentiment, which are estimated from the data. We discuss how to estimate the model parameters, test hypotheses on the memory parameters and model coefficients of different event types, and learn how long past events are ‘remembered’ depending on their type/sentiment and transpired time. The proposed SentiREM is applied to an empirical case study to analyse social interactions between players in an online strategy game where positive and negative relational events (i.e. trades and attacks, respectively) were observed among players.
Music Therapists’ Global Perspectives on Telehealth Music Therapy: A Qualitative Interview Inquiry
Authors: Clements-Cortés Amy , Fuller Allison , Kelly Lisa , Pranjić Marija , Selvarajah Indra , Brotons Melissa Mercadal- , Bridi Nicholas
Published: January 2025

Telehealth music therapy (TMT) grew exponentially during the COVID-19 pandemic and has continued to be integrated in music therapy praxis. This interview study, which is a follow-up to a large international study of 572 music therapists, reports the perceptions and experiences of 20 music therapists from 10 countries across 5 global regions. Five themes arose from the qualitative analysis, including (1) accessibility of TMT, (2) suitability of TMT, (3) safety within TMT, (4) technology within TMT, and (5) advancing the practice of TMT. Several recommendations are provided for music therapy clinicians, educators and researchers to consider for the future of TMT including the inclusion of TMT theoretical and experiential training for preprofessionals, client perceptions, experiences and desires for TMT, and the role of caregivers in TMT provision.
Impact of Fatty Acid Supplementation on Migraine Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: García-Pérez-de-Sevilla Guillermo , González-de-la-Flor Ángel
Published: January 2025

Context

Migraines are a prevalent neurological condition that significantly impacts the quality of life. Although narrative reviews and clinical trials suggest the potential effects of fatty acid supplementation as a promising approach for migraine prophylaxis, the findings remain inconsistent.

Objective

The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of fatty acid supplementation on migraine clinical outcomes through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data Sources

This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using electronic databases including Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL from their inception up to October 7, 2024.

Data Extraction

Studies meeting the PICOS criteria were included: adults diagnosed with migraine, dietary supplementation with fatty acids, assessing migraine clinical outcomes, and only randomized controlled trials. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed independently by 2 reviewers using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool.

Data Analysis

Meta-analyses were conducted using Review Manager software. A random-effects model was applied to account for heterogeneity among studies. A standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 was interpreted as small, moderate, and large effects, respectively. Six randomized controlled trials, including 407 participants with chronic migraines, were analyzed. Interventions varied, including omega-3 supplementation with or without omega-6 restriction, lasting from 8 to 16 weeks, and 1 trial assessing alpha-lipoic acid. The overall risk of bias was assessed as low. The pooled analysis demonstrated significant reductions in headache intensity (SMD = –1.77; 95% CI: –3.32 to –0.21; P = .03), headache duration (SMD = –0.77; 95% CI: –1.05 to –0.50; P < .00001), headache frequency (SMD = –1.91; 95% CI: –2.61 to –1.21; P < .00001), and HIT-6 score (SMD = –2.44; 95% CI: –4.13 to –0.76; P = .004).

Conclusion

This meta-analysis provides moderate evidence that fatty acid supplementation, particularly omega-3, improves migraine clinical outcomes. Additional high-quality, randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings, particularly for the promising effects of alpha-lipoic acid.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO registration no. CRD42024592084.
Public Organizational Stewardship: Conceptualization and Application
Authors: Hsu Hung-Yi , Zhang Yahong
Published: January 2025

Stewardship, serving the long-term collective interest over self-interests, is an important component of public employee behavior. However, the various definitions and inconsistent applications of stewardship in the public management knowledge base indicate that its conceptual boundaries remain unclear. In this article, we aim to establish a new concept of “public organizational stewardship (POS)” by synthesizing key characteristics of stewardship. POS is conceptualized as the willingness to prioritize the interests of the public organization over self-interests, demonstrating a long-term perspective driven by a sense of psychological ownership of the organization. We argue POS stands as a pivotal concept for public management research. It provides new insights into public organization performance and individuals’ pro-organizational behaviors, ethical and unethical conduct, voice behaviors, and counterproductive actions—areas where well-established concepts such as public service motivation and organizational citizenship behavior may fall short. We conclude by proposing a research roadmap to guide future studies.
Taking the Next Step in Neurologic Rehabilitation: Contributions of Intensity and Variability of Stepping Tasks during Locomotor Training
Authors: Hornby T George , Moore Jennifer , Holleran Carey L , Henderson Christopher E
Published: January 2025

Research over the past 20 years indicates the amount of task-specific walking practice provided to individuals with stroke, brain injury, or incomplete spinal cord injury can strongly influence walking recovery. However, more recent data suggest that attention towards 2 other training parameters, including the intensity and variability of walking practice, may maximize walking recovery and facilitate gains in non-walking outcomes. The combination of these training parameters represents a stark contrast from traditional strategies, and confusion regarding the potential benefits and perceived risks may limit their implementation in clinical practice.

The purpose of this perspective is to delineate the evidence regarding the contributions of intensity and variability of locomotor training to improve mobility outcomes in individuals with acute-onset brain and spinal cord injury. The rationale and evidence supporting the utility of these training parameters in controlled laboratory settings is first described by integrating concepts in the field of neuroscience, motor learning, biomechanics, and exercise physiology into a rehabilitation intervention. Subsequently, the evidence supporting the efficacy of this paradigm is addressed, including discussions of some of the misconceptions regarding perceived negative consequences of these strategies in an effort to mitigate common clinical concerns. Finally, the utility of these strategies implemented during inpatient rehabilitation is delineated to facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the feasibility and potential benefits early following neurologic injury. A greater understanding of how and why to integrate higher intensity, variable stepping practice will support therapists to take the next step to maximize mobility in the patients they serve.
SUICIDE AND PSYCHOSIS: Comparing the Characteristics of Patients Who Died by Suicide Following Recent Onset and Longer Duration of Schizophrenia and Other Primary Psychotic Disorders, 2008-2021
Authors: Baird Alison , Rathod Shanaya , Hansen Lars , Appleby Louis , Rodway Cathryn , Turnbull Pauline
Published: January 2025

Background and Hypothesis

Suicide rates among people with schizophrenia and other primary psychotic disorders are high, with the steepest increase in risk in the first years following contact with mental health services. Evidence suggests early intervention in psychosis services may reduce suicide risk for people experiencing first-episode psychosis. We aimed to compare the characteristics of patients with a recent (<12 month) onset of schizophrenia and other primary psychotic disorders with patients with a longer duration of illness (12 months and over) to identify key characteristics for patient suicide to aid services to effectively support patients during a particularly high-risk time.

Study Design

A national clinical survey of patients with schizophrenia and other primary psychotic disorders who died by suicide in England and Wales between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2021.

Study Results

Of the 2828 (N = 18 487, 16%) patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and other primary psychotic disorders who died by suicide, ten percent (n = 288) were ill for less than 12 months. These patients were more often under the care of crisis teams or recently discharged from in-patient services than patients with a longer duration of illness (12 months and over), and they were more often seen by services within the week before they died. Patients with recent illness onset had fewer factors conventionally associated with suicide, such as alcohol or drug misuse, a history of violence, and self-harm. They were less likely to live alone and be unemployed.

Conclusions

Though all patients had contact with mental health services in the 12 months prior to death, patients with a recent onset of schizophrenia and other primary psychotic disorders were more commonly in recent contact with services at the time of death. They had fewer social and behavioral factors known to be common to suicide, suggesting lives recently disrupted by illness. Services should provide intensive support for patients who have been recently diagnosed, encouraging engagement and monitoring for deteriorating social factors.
Advancing Psychodynamic-Based Clinical Social Work Practice to Address Structural Trauma: Integrating Neuroscience and Attachment Theory
Authors: Hong Sunghyun , Ribaudo Julie M , Safyer Paige , Routte Irene E , Watkins Daphne C
Published: January 2025

Psychodynamic-based practice (PBP), including approaches informed by attachment theory, is a widely used therapeutic modality in clinical social work for addressing trauma. Yet, in some clinical spaces, PBP has faced challenges due to its process-oriented nature, particularly in an era that increasingly favors manualized, short-term interventions. Meanwhile, sociocultural neuroscience has emerged as a field providing evidence for trauma interventions. Recently, both clinical social work and sociocultural neuroscience have begun highlighting the impact of structural trauma on mental health and the need to alleviate harms stemming from experiencing such trauma. Integrating neuroscience insights and methods may offer an opportunity to enhance PBP in clinical social work practice, particularly in addressing structural trauma. This article reviews recent developments in sociocultural neuroscience that is relevant for clinical social work practice with clients who have experienced trauma, outlines how these insights can inform PBP grounded in attachment theory, and discusses the potential implication of integrating sociocultural neuroscience with PBP in addressing structural trauma underpinning the place attachment framework.
Process evaluation of the Hockey Fans in Training lifestyle intervention (for men with overweight or obesity)
Authors: Blunt Wendy M , Kfrerer Marisa L , Gill Dawn P , Shillington Katie J , Riggin Brendan , Irwin Jennifer D , Bliss Brooke , Petrella Robert J
Published: January 2025

Background

Despite the proven relationship between lifestyle and morbidity and mortality, rates of chronic disease (e.g. obesity) continue to rise in paradox to the myriad of studies supporting lifestyle behaviour change. Men have been less likely to seek out preventative care or lifestyle programs, putting them at risk. In response, Hockey Fans In Training (Hockey FIT) was developed as a group-based, lifestyle intervention leveraging the draw of hockey fandom to engage middle-aged men with overweight or obesity in lifestyle change. Encouraging pilot study results informed the optimization and delivery of the intervention through a cluster randomized controlled trial in 42 sites in Canada and the USA.

Methods

A process evaluation was conducted to evaluate intervention acceptability and fidelity and adaptations. Community-based sites were randomly allocated to Hockey FIT intervention (immediate program start) or wait-list control (12-month delay). Qualitative process evaluation data were collected from intervention sites and included seven virtual participant focus groups and one interview (n = 35 participants), open-ended participant feedback questionnaires (n = 316), interviews with program coaches (n = 22), post-session coach reflections (n = 233), and interviews with implementation partners (n = 16). A process of content analysis by question was performed and data saturation was reached.

Results

Themes fell into the following categories: (i) motivations for joining Hockey FIT; (ii) effective program components; and (iii) adaptations and suggested improvements.

Conclusions

The process evaluation detailed success engaging men in lifestyle change using sport fandom, and the importance of capitalizing further on competition within groups to drive behavioural change through user-friendly supports and greater engagement with hockey.

Clinical Trial information

ClinicalTrials.gov. ID: NCT03636282
Comparison of Postoperative Strength Progression and Outcomes Following Primary Versus Secondary ACL Reconstruction in the Young Athlete
Authors: Ford Brian T. , Weaver Adam P. , Davey Annabelle , Mayo Joel W. , Shuman Matthew E. , Mayo Benjamin C. , Coman Emil , Crepeau Allison E.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Return to sport testing after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) is becoming increasingly popular. Anecdotally, some believe that patients who undergo a second ACL surgery on either the ipsilateral or contralateral leg progress through their rehabilitation goals faster the second time through. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of strength progression in return to sport testing after primary and secondary ACLR surgeries in a young, active population.

Methods:

A retrospective review of patients who underwent ACLR between September 2013 and December 2022 was performed. Patients were included if they underwent an ACLR and completed at least 2 postoperative strength tests. Strength testing was commonly performed at 3, 6, and 9 months. Exclusion criteria included age older than 30 and those who had a contralateral graft harvest. Structural equation modeling was performed for each strength assessment by the timepoint it was performed. A linear combination of parameters was performed to compare the path coefficients between the primary and secondary ACL groups for each strength test to assess statistical differences in the rate of change of each strength test over time.

Results:

Three hundred ninety-six patients in the primary ACLR group and 50 patients in the secondary ACLR group met the inclusion criteria. Patients who received secondary ACL surgery were older, had a higher percentage of BTB grafts, lateral augments, and internal brace augments. Months from surgery had a significant positive correlation with nearly all strength tests in both groups. There was no difference between primary and secondary surgery in the progression of any postoperative strength test. There was no difference in progression of IKDC or RSI scores between groups.

Conclusion:

This study suggests that patients who undergo a second ACL surgery do not progress their strength faster or slower than after primary ACLR. This implies that these patients do not require different return-to-play protocols from a strength perspective.

Level of Evidence:

Retrospective study, level III evidence.
Long-term survival and risk factors of synchronous bone metastasis in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Li Yujiao , Hu Chaosu
Published: January 2025

The objective of this study was to analyze the risk factors for synchronous bone metastases in patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas (OTSCC). OTSCC patients were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database between 2014 and 2017. We examined the association between risk factors and synchronous bone metastases using Chi-squared tests. Predictors of survival rates were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses. A total of 3902 patients were analyzed, which include 12 patients (0.3%) with synchronous bone metastases and 3890 patients without synchronous bone metastases (99.7%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that highly differentiated disease, lower T classification, and lower N classification were associated with a significantly lower risk of bone metastases (P < 0.05, respectively). Unmarried and elderly patients who harbored with poorly differentiated disease, higher T or N classification, multiple sites of metastases, and no surgical therapy to primary tumor were more likely to influence patients’ survival. By analyzing data from a large cohort, factors affecting bone metastases are primarily related to grade, T classification and N classification. Multivariable analysis showed that unmarried and elderly patients who harbored with poorly differentiated disease, higher T or N classification, multiple sites of metastases, and no surgical therapy to primary tumor were more likely to influence patients’ survival. More accurate assessments of bone metastasis will be imperative for early diagnosis and treatment in poorly differentiated disease, higher T classification or N classification patients.
Arsenic trioxide preconditioning attenuates hepatic ischemia- reperfusion injury in mice: Role of ERK/AKT and autophagy
Authors: Wang Chaoqun , Yu Hongjun , Lu Shounan , Ke Shanjia , Xu Yanan , Feng Zhigang , Qian Baolin , Bai Miaoyu , Yin Bing , Li Xinglong , Hua Yongliang , Li Zhongyu , Chen Dong , Chen Bangliang , Zhou Yongzhi , Pan Shangha , Fu Yao , Jiang Hongchi , Wang Dawei , Ma Yong
Published: January 2025

Background:

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is indicated as a broad-spectrum medicine for a variety of diseases, including cancer and cardiac disease. While the role of ATO in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI) has not been reported. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the effects of ATO on HIRI.

Methods:

In the present study, we established a 70% hepatic warm I/R injury and partial hepatectomy (30% resection) animal models in vivo and hepatocytes anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) models in vitro with ATO pretreatment and further assessed liver function by histopathologic changes, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, cell counting kit-8, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 was transfected to evaluate the role of ERK1/2 pathway during HIRI, followed by ATO pretreatment. The dynamic process of autophagic flux and numbers of autophagosomes were detected by Green fluorescent protein-monomeric Red fluorescent protein-LC3 (GFP-mRFP-LC3) staining and transmission electron microscope.

Results:

A low dose of ATO (0.75 μmol/L in vitro and 1 mg/kg in vivo) significantly reduced tissue necrosis, inflammatory infiltration, and hepatocyte apoptosis during the process of hepatic I/R. Meanwhile, ATO obviously promoted the ability of cell proliferation and liver regeneration. Mechanistically, in vitro studies have shown that nontoxic concentrations of ATO can activate both ERK and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-serine/threonine kinase (PI3K-AKT) pathways and further induce autophagy. The hepatoprotective mechanism of ATO, at least in part, relies on the effects of ATO on the activation of autophagy, which is ERK-dependent.

Conclusion:

Low, non-toxic doses of ATO can activate ERK/PI3K-AKT pathways and induce ERK-dependent autophagy in hepatocytes, protecting liver against I/R injury and accelerating hepatocyte regeneration after partial hepatectomy.
Glutathione, Vitamin C, and Cysteine Use in Autistic Children With Disruptive Behavior: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Pilot Study
Authors: Williams Patricia Gail , Sears Lonnie , Watson Walter H. , Gunaratnam Bakeerathan , Feygin Yana , Wright Stephen P. , Sullivan Janice E.
Published: January 2025

Objective:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social communication differences and restricted interests. One proposed biologic mechanism underlying ASD is oxidative stress, leading to the clinical use of glutathione based on anecdotal reports of improved behavior in autistic children. In this pilot study, we tested this observation using a randomized clinical trial format to collect preliminary data on glutathione safety and efficacy.

Methods:

Glutathione and glutathione in combination with vitamin C and N-acetylcysteine (Trio) were tested. Both treatments were administered in double-blind placebo-controlled randomized crossover studies. In total, 24 children between the ages of 5 and 16 years with ASD and severe behavior disorders were randomized to receive weekly intravenous injections of either placebo or 1 of the 2 interventions (glutathione or Trio) for 8 weeks. After a 1-week washout period, participants were crossed over for the subsequent 8 weeks. Behavioral measures and plasma levels of glutathione were obtained at baseline, during the washout period, and at the end of the study.

Results:

No differences between treatment groups in behavioral or biologic measures were found. No significant adverse side effects attributable to the treatments were observed. Small improvements in specific glutathione and behavioral measures occurred over the study period for all groups.

Conclusion:

Treatment with glutathione or glutathione in combination with vitamin C and N-acetylcysteine did not result in improvements in behavior or biologic measures. The positive trends over the course of the study were likely due to the placebo effect or decreased anxiety associated with the study routine.
All on the Same Team: Simulated Learning to Introduce Pediatric Residents to Interprofessional Collaboration with Individualized Education Program Teams
Authors: Minor Tara J. , Goode Rachel
Published: January 2025

Objective:

Our study sought to determine if participation in a simulated Individualized Education Program (IEP) meeting improved pediatric medical residents' attitudes toward the IEP team as an interprofessional health care team.

Methods:

Pediatric medical residents on the Developmental-Behavioral and Advocacy rotations at an urban medical center participated in a simulated IEP eligibility meeting for a case of a fourth grader with a specific learning disability. Standardized actors portrayed the child's parent, principal, school psychologist, and classroom teacher. Residents were instructed to participate as members of the team. After participation, changes in the residents' readiness to participate on the IEP team were measured by the Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale 9A (presimulation) and 9B (postsimulation).

Results:

Sixty-six pediatric residents participated over 24 months. The mean scores of the aggregate pre- (4.92, SD = 0.83) and postsurveys (5.75, SD = 0.74) illustrated residents' improvement in 3 areas of interprofessional practice: understanding their role as a member of an IEP team; appreciation of an IEP team as an interprofessional health care team; and comfort and confidence in working as a member of an IEP team (Z = −6.37; p < 0.001; r = 0.78). Comparison of disaggregated data illustrated improvement for post-graduate year 1 (Z = −4.95; p < 0.001; r = 0.85) and categorical pediatric residents (Z = −5.86; p < 0.001; r = 0.83).

Conclusion:

Simulated IEP meetings help pediatric residents reconceptualize their role in the school health of children with disabilities to include participation in and understanding of the IEP process.
Health Care Providers' Attitudes and Knowledge Related to Tic Disorder Identification and Treatment
Authors: Newsome Kim , Hutchins Helena J. , Bitsko Rebecca H. , Robinson Lara R. , Katz Samuel M. , Uba Nneoma , Rattay Karyl T.
Published: January 2025

Objective:

Our study assessed child-serving health care providers' attitudes and knowledge related to identification and treatment of tic disorders including Tourette syndrome (TS), among children.

Methods:

We analyzed cross-sectional data from the 2022 Fall DocStyles, a web-based survey of health care providers. The analytic sample included 1058 child-serving providers (403 family practitioners, 232 internists, 251 pediatricians, and 172 nurse practitioners or physician assistants). We calculated point prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals and used χ2 tests to statistically test differences by provider type and metro status of practice setting.

Results:

Less than two-thirds of providers (62.4%) considered evaluation of tics as their role, less than half (40.8%) considered diagnosis of tic disorders their role, and around one-fourth considered treatment of patients with tic disorders to be their role (27.3%). Lack of knowledge of tics/TS and lack of comfort evaluating patients for tics and tic disorders were the most often reported barriers to identification and diagnosis for most provider types, and across practice metro status categories. Online training was the most preferred source of information about tics and tic disorders overall and for each provider type.

Conclusion:

These findings support previous reports indicating challenges in health care provider comfort and knowledge in identifying and diagnosing tic disorders, and the need for more education opportunities around evaluation and diagnosis. Communication and training to support the needs of child-serving providers could improve the access to care for children with tics and tic disorders.
Novel Frostbite Cooling Device for Real-time Assessment and Prevention of Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Matsui Yuki , Kishi Hirotaka , Matsui Chihiro , Morita Jun , Mizuno Hiroshi , Mortada Hatan , Sasaki Haruaki , Fukagai Takashi
Published: January 2025

Background:

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) affects 29%–68% of patients undergoing anticancer treatments within the first month. Traditional cryotherapy methods, such as frozen gloves, can pose risks. This study evaluates the cool-water electric circulation seat (CECS), which maintains a constant 15°C, as a safer alternative.

Methods:

In this prospective study, 21 healthy Japanese adults underwent 2.5 hours of hand cooling at 15°C, reflecting the standard duration of taxane anticancer drug administration. Microcirculation was evaluated using videocapillaroscopy before and after cooling.

Results:

Results showed significant reductions in blood vessel area and altered red blood cell movement postcooling. Finger temperature and vascular area decreased significantly (P < 0.001), and red blood cell movement changed significantly, with most cells shifting from slow (52.4%) or fast (47.6%) movement before cooling to slow (23.8%) or immobile (76.2%) afterward (P < 0.001). Thirty minutes postcooling, 38.1% of participants reported temporary redness, and 28.6% reported pain, both resolving by the next day.

Conclusions:

The CECS effectively provides secure cooling, offering a promising approach for CIPN prevention without frostbite risk. These findings highlight the potential advantages of CECS in sustained cooling therapy for CIPN prevention.
The Efficacy of Single-Application NPWTi-d for the Salvage of Infected Breast Prostheses: A Multi-Center Study
Authors: Llaneras Jason C. , Clark Robert Craig , Antognoli Lauren , Finkelstein Emily , Hulsman Luci , Holton Luther , Singh Devinder , VonderHaar R. Jason , Djohan Risal , Hassanein Aladdin H. , Reid Chris M.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Breast prosthesis infections are challenging and traditionally managed with prosthesis removal and delayed reconstruction. Single-application negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwell (NPWTi-d) has shown promise for salvaging infected implants, though prior studies have been small and heterogeneous. This study analyzes outcomes and compares protocols from four institutions.

Methods:

Data were collected on 56 patients (59 breasts) who underwent NPWTi-d salvage for peri-prosthetic infections. Patients with fewer than 3 months of follow-up were excluded. Salvage protocols included explantation, NPWTi-d application, antibiotics, and replantation. Successful salvage was defined as prosthesis retention without further explantation for at least 90 days posttreatment.

Results:

Intervention occurred on average 66 days after the index procedure. Methicillin-resistant organisms were cultured in 15% of cases. NPWTi-d was applied for an average of 61 hours with dwell times of 18 minutes every 3 hours, using institution-specific instillates. All patients were discharged with new prostheses (65% expanders, 35% implants) after an average hospital stay of 4 days. At 90-day follow-up, 71% of patients had no further complications, and 85% were successfully salvaged.

Conclusions:

This is the largest study to evaluate NPWTi-d for salvaging infected breast prostheses. The high success rate highlights the method’s efficacy, safety, and potential for preserving reconstruction. These straightforward protocols can significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs, offering a valuable option for managing prosthesis infections.