bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Informal caregiver and healthcare professional perspectives on dementia and nutrition
Authors: Labyak Corinne , Sealey‐Potts Claudia , Wright Lauri , Kriek Crystal , Dilts Stephenie
Published: June 2024

Background

Persons living with dementia and informal caregivers are at a higher risk for malnutrition. Most caregivers are not experts at identifying nutritional complications of dementia. Therefore, we aimed to identify nutrition knowledge and challenges related to feeding and caring for persons with dementia to develop a meaningful intervention.

Methods

A mixed‐methods approach was used. Eight focus groups were conducted with caregivers of persons living with dementia (n = 28) and healthcare professionals (n = 23). Data was analysed using NVivo software. A questionnaire was administered to identify nutritional challenges. A modified food frequency questionnaire assessed food patterns of caregivers and persons with dementia. Results were compared to Mediterranean‐DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) dietary guidelines. Data were analysed using SPSS software.

Results

Four major themes emerged: forgetting to eat, developing food aversions, strong preferences for sweets and weight changes. Findings revealed common strategies used to improve nutrition intake included cueing, supplements and quiet eating environment. Caregivers were impacted by stress leading to poorer food choices and exhaustion. Recommendations for a caregiver program made by participants included education, resources and support. Findings from the food frequencies questionnaire survey showed most participants had a lower dietary diversity compared to the MIND diet guidelines.

Conclusions

With both groups being more prone to malnutrition, this research shows that participants were less likely to obtain adequate nutrition for brain health. Additionally, caregivers are dealing with nutrition issues themselves and their person living with dementia. The findings support the need for registered dietitians to provide tailored nutrition interventions for these families.
Using a nonparametric item response theory model to identify patterns of cognitive decline: The Mokken scale analysis
Authors: Calderón Carlos , Palominos Diego , Véliz‐García Óscar , Ramos‐Henderson Miguel , Bekios‐Canales Nikolás , Beyle Christian , Ávalos‐Tejeda Marcelo , Domic‐Siede Marcos
Published: June 2024

Cognitive decline, particularly in dementia, presents complex challenges in early detection and diagnosis. While Item Response Theory (IRT) has been instrumental in identifying patterns of cognitive impairment through psychometric tests, its parametric models often require large sample sizes and strict assumptions. This creates a need for more adaptable, less demanding analytical methods. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Mokken scale analysis (MSA), a nonparametric IRT model, in identifying hierarchical patterns of cognitive impairment from psychometric tests. Using data from 1164 adults over 60 years old, we applied MSA to the orientation subscale of ACE‐III. Our analysis involved calculating scalability, monotone homogeneity, invariant item ordering (IIO) and response functions. The MSA effectively retrieved the hierarchical order of cognitive impairment patterns. Most items showed strong scalability and consistent patterns of cognitive performance. However, challenges with IIO were observed, particularly with items having adjacent difficulty parameters. The findings highlight MSA's potential as a practical alternative to parametric IRT models in cognitive impairment research. Its ability to provide valuable insights into patterns of cognitive deterioration, coupled with less stringent requirements, makes it a useful tool for clinicians and researchers.
Trends in and factors associated with family physician‐performed screening colonoscopies in the United States: 2016‐2021
Authors: Edwardson Nicholas , van der Goes David , Pankratz V. Shane , Parasher Gulshan , Adsul Prajakta , English Kevin , Sheche Judith , Mishra Shiraz I.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Family physician (FP)‐performed screening colonoscopies can serve as 1 strategy in the multifaceted strategy necessary to improve national colorectal cancer screening rates, particularly in rural areas where specialist models can fail. However, little research exists on the performance of this strategy in the real world. In this study, we evaluated trends in and factors associated with FP‐performed screening colonoscopies in the United States between 2016 and 2021.

Methods

Using national data from Merative's Marketscan insurance claims database, we estimate the proportion of screening colonoscopies performed by FPs. We use logistic regression models to evaluate factors independently associated with FP‐performed colonoscopies.

Results

The percentage of screening colonoscopies performed by FPs exhibited a downward trend from 11.32% in 2016 to 6.73% in 2021, with the largest decrease occurring among patients from the most rural areas. FPs were more likely to perform colonoscopies on slightly older patients, male patients, and rural patients. Patients were less likely to receive FP‐performed colonoscopies in large metropolitan areas compared to lesser populated areas. Patients were more likely to receive FP‐performed colonoscopies in the Midwest, South, and West, even after accounting for urban‐rural classification.

Conclusion

Despite a downward trajectory, FPs perform a substantial proportion of screening colonoscopies in the United States. Changes to the business side of health care delivery may be contributing to the observed decreasing rate. Whether through spatial or relational proximity, FPs may be better positioned to provide colonoscopy to some rural, male, and older patients who otherwise may not have been screened. Policy changes to expand the FP workforce, particularly in rural areas, are likely necessary to slow or reverse the downward trend of FP‐performed screening colonoscopies.
The reactivity of experimentally reduced lunar regolith simulants: Health implications for future crewed missions to the lunar surface
Authors: Hendrix Donald A. , Catalano Tristan , Nekvasil Hanna , Glotch Timothy D. , Legett Carey , Hurowitz Joel A.
Published: June 2024

Crewed missions to the Moon may resume as early as 2026 with NASA's Artemis III mission, and lunar dust exposure/inhalation is a potentially serious health hazard that requires detailed study. Current dust exposure limits are based on Apollo‐era samples that spent decades in long‐term storage on Earth; their diminished reactivity may lead to underestimation of potential harm that could be caused by lunar dust exposure. In particular, lunar dust contains nanophase metallic iron grains, produced by “space weathering”; the reactivity of this unique component of lunar dust is not well understood. Herein, we employ a chemical reduction technique that exposes lunar simulants to heat and hydrogen gas to produce metallic iron particles on grain surfaces. We assess the capacity of these reduced lunar simulants to generate hydroxyl radical (OH*) when immersed in deionized (DI) water, simulated lung fluid (SLF), and artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF). Lunar simulant reduction produces surface‐adhered metallic iron “blebs” that resemble nanophase metallic iron particles found in lunar dust grains. Reduced samples generate ~5–100× greater concentrations of the oxidative OH* in DI water versus non‐reduced simulants, which we attribute to metallic iron. SLF and ALF appear to reduce measured OH*. The increase in observed OH* generation for reduced simulants implies high oxidative damage upon exposure to lunar dust. Low levels of OH* measured in SLF and ALF imply potential damage to proteins or quenching of OH* generation, respectively. Reduction of lunar dust simulants provides a quick cost‐effective approach to study dusty materials analogous to authentic lunar dust.
Rubus wahlbergii and related species in Sweden
Authors: Zhou Mingyue , Montes Melanie S. , Mattsson Tore , Burén Tomas , Hedrén Mikael , Ryde Ulf
Published: June 2024

We studied Rubus wahlbergii and related species in R. sect. Corylifolii, primarily in Sweden, using DNA microsatellites. The results show that the material can be divided into three species: R. wahlbergii s.s. which occurs along the Swedish coast from Bohuslän to Uppland, R. nordicus which occurs on the western coast all the way south to north‐western Skåne, and a previously unrecognized taxon which we here describe as R. wahlbergioides. The latter has scattered localities in Halland, Skåne, Blekinge, Öland and Småland, but is common around Kivik in Skåne and Kalmar in Småland. It is characterised by leaves that are without felt underneath, terminal leaflets with a somewhat more triangular shape and coarser serration than those of R. wahlbergii and also has more glands on the stem and the inflorescence. In the northern part of the distribution, R. nordicus is easily distinguished morphologically from R. wahlbergii, e.g. by a strong tendency to form 7‐foliolate leaves, but in Skåne and Halland, the two species are harder to distinguish. Still, genetically R. nordicus is more similar to R. sordirosanthus than to R. wahlbergii s.s.
N‐terminal acetylation orchestrates glycolate‐mediated ROS homeostasis to promote rice thermoresponsive growth
Authors: Li Xueting , Tang Huashan , Xu Ting , Wang Pengfei , Ma Fangfang , Wei Haifang , Fang Zi , Wu Xiaoyan , Wang Yanan , Xue Yongbiao , Zhang Biyao
Published: June 2024

Climate warming poses a significant threat to global crop production and food security. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing thermoresponsive development in crops remains limited.

Here we report that the auxiliary subunit of N‐terminal acetyltransferase A (NatA) in rice OsNAA15 is a prerequisite for rice thermoresponsive growth. OsNAA15 produces two isoforms OsNAA15.1 and OsNAA15.2, via temperature‐dependent alternative splicing. Among the two, OsNAA15.1 is more likely to form a stable and functional NatA complex with the potential catalytic subunit OsNAA10, leading to a thermoresponsive N‐terminal acetylome. Intriguingly, while OsNAA15.1 promotes plant growth under elevated temperatures, OsNAA15.2 exhibits an inhibitory effect.

We identified two glycolate oxidases (GLO1/5) as major substrates from the thermoresponsive acetylome. These enzymes are involved in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) biosynthesis via glycolate oxidation. N‐terminally acetylated GLO1/5 undergo their degradation through the ubiquitin‐proteasome system. This leads to reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, thereby promoting plant growth, particularly under high ambient temperatures.

Conclusively, our findings highlight the pivotal role of N‐terminal acetylation in orchestrating the glycolate‐mediated ROS homeostasis to facilitate thermoresponsive growth in rice.
Etiology of injustice: An introduction
Authors: Erck Susan
Published: June 2024

To formulate a plan of action for bringing about a decisive and reasonably stable end to an injustice, it is helpful to understand the factors and conditions that critically make the difference in causing that injustice. This intuitively seems correct regarding active and ongoing problems. But what precisely is involved in this kind of explanatory endeavor, and what is its role in practical efforts to confront existing wrongs? This paper offers an introduction to etiology of injustice, which is the study and explanation of the operative causation of injustices. Drawing on insights from the philosophy of social transformation, causation, and remedial justice, I sketch a conceptual framework for understanding and undertaking the task of etiology of injustice and outline the contours of the etiological tradition of thought.
The mitigating effect of street trees, urban flora, and the suburban environment on seasonal peak UV indices: A case study from Brisbane, Australia
Authors: Downs Nathan James , Amar Abdurazaq , Dearnaley John , Butler Harry , Dekeyser Stijn , Igoe Damien , Parisi Alfio V. , Raj Nawin , Deo Ravinesh , Turner Joanna
Published: June 2024

Tree shade, particularly shade that obscures direct sunlight near peak periods of midday solar exposure can have a pronounced effect on potentially harmful ultraviolet radiation, and in turn, strongly influence the maximum daily UV index (UVI). In this study, the seasonal influence of tree shade on the UVI is evaluated from 210 hemispherical sky view images collected alongside public walkways and footpaths from 10 residential Brisbane suburbs. The effective sidewalk UV index is calculated underneath planted tree canopies, adjacent residential gardens, buildings and background tree species. Results are presented with respect to seasonal variations in the diurnal solar elevation for each month of the year at Brisbane's latitude. The research also examines the total reduction in UVI due to the presence of individual tree species, showing reductions in the midday UVI of up to 91% of an equivalent unimpeded sky hemisphere when overhead tree canopies are present. Important footpath tree species for peak midday UVI mitigation include Pongamia pinnata, Xanthostemon chrysanthus, Senna siamea, and Libidibia ferrea. The planting and maintenance of existing tree species already growing alongside residential Brisbane streets will improve the shade characteristics of suburbs and enhance UV protection for local residents.
Why are the inner and outer sides of many flower petals differently coloured?
Authors: Fan X.‐Q. , Trunschke J. , Ren Z.‐X. , Wang H. , Pyke G. H. , van der Kooi C. J. , Lunau K.
Published: June 2024

The flower perianth has various, non‐mutually exclusive functions, such as visual signalling to pollinators and protecting the reproductive organs from the elements and from florivores, but how different perianth structures and their different sides play a role in these functions is unclear. Intriguingly, in many species there is a clear colour difference between the different sides of the perianth, with colour patterns or pigmentation present on only one side. Any adaptive benefit from such colour asymmetry is unclear, as is how the asymmetry evolved. In this viewpoint paper, we address the phenomenon of flowers with differently coloured inner and outer perianth sides, focusing on petals of erect flowers. Guided by existing literature and our own observations, we delineate three non‐mutually exclusive evolutionary hypotheses that may explain the factors underlying differently coloured perianth sides. The pollen‐protection hypothesis predicts that the outer side of petals contributes to protect pollen against UV radiation, especially during the bud stage. The herbivore‐avoidance hypothesis predicts that the outer side of petals reduces the flower's visibility to herbivores. The signalling‐to‐pollinators hypothesis predicts that flower colours evolve to increase conspicuousness to pollinators. The pollen‐protection hypothesis, the herbivore‐avoidance hypothesis, and the signalling‐to‐pollinators hypothesis generate largely but not entirely overlapping predictions about the colour of the inner and outer side of the petals. Field and laboratory research is necessary to disentangle the main drivers and adaptive significance of inner–outer petal side colour asymmetry.
Assessment of the relation between depression, frailty, nutrition and quality of life among older adults: findings from a cross‐sectional study in Greece
Authors: Argyriou Chrysoula , Dimitriadou Ioanna , Saridi Maria , Toska Aikaterini , Lavdaniti Maria , Fradelos Evangelos C.
Published: June 2024

Background

Quality of life (QOL) among older adults is a crucial aspect of geriatric care, particularly in the context of global demographic shifts toward ageing societies. Understanding the determinants of QOL in older adults is essential for developing effective interventions to promote well‐being in this population.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study conducted in Greece aimed to investigate the complex relationship between depression, frailty, nutritional status, and QOL on 90 older adults (aged ≤65). Assessment instruments including the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQoL)‐BREF questionnaire, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) were utilised to evaluate various dimensions of QOL, depressive symptoms, frailty, and nutritional status.

Results

The study revealed significant negative correlations between depression and frailty with all domains of QOL (P < 0.05), indicating that higher levels of depressive symptoms and frailty were associated with lower QOL across physical, psychological, social, and environmental dimensions. Conversely, positive correlations were found between nutritional status and all QOL domains (P < 0.05), suggesting that better nutritional status was linked to higher QOL. Multivariate logistic regression analysis further demonstrated associations between nutritional status and participant characteristics, with females being more likely to be malnourished (odds ratio (OR) = 6.56, P = 0.013), while better health status (OR = 0.34, P = 0.486) and marital status (OR = 0.02, P = 0.019) were protective against malnutrition.

Conclusion

These findings underscore the interconnectedness of depression, frailty, and nutritional status in shaping QOL among individuals. Holistic interventions targeting mental health, physical vulnerability, and nutritional well‐being are essential for promoting overall well‐being and functional outcomes in this population.
Modeling and design of solar + storage‐powered community resilience hubs across California
Authors: Murphy Patrick M. , Kinkhabwala Yunus , Kwoka Bethany , Nunez Yanelli , Dillon Annelise , Amezcua‐Smith Audrey , Krieger Elena
Published: June 2024

Distributed clean, reliable energy resources like solar plus battery storage (solar + storage) can reduce harmful emissions while supporting resilience. Solar + storage‐powered resilience hubs provide energy for critical services during disasters while increasing human adaptive capacity year round. We studied where utility rates, local climate, and historical injustice make solar + storage resilience hubs more valuable and more challenging.

We modeled the economic and climate impacts of outfitting candidate hub sites across California with solar + storage for everyday operations and identified designs and costs required to withstand a range of outages considering weather impacts on energy needs and availability. We integrated sociodemographic data to prioritize the siting of resilience hubs, to focus potential policy and funding priorities on regions where solar + storage for resilience hubs is hard or expensive, and where populations are most in need.

We identified almost 20,000 candidate buildings with more than 8 GW of total rooftop solar potential capable of reducing CO2 emissions by 5 million tons per year while providing energy for community resilience. Hub capacity for one of the most challenging missions—providing emergency shelter during a power outage and smoke event—could have a statewide average lifetime cost of less than $2000 per seat. We identified regional challenges including insufficient rooftop solar capacity in cities, low sunlight in northern coastal California, and high costs driven by utility rate structures in Sacramento and the Imperial Valley. Results show that rates and net metering rules that incentivize solar + storage during everyday operations decrease resilience costs.
Implementation of caring contacts using patient feedback to reduce suicide‐related outcomes following psychiatric hospitalization
Authors: Steinberg Rosalie , Amini Jasmine , Sinyor Mark , Mitchell Rachel H. B. , Schaffer Ayal
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Suicide risk is substantially elevated following discharge from a psychiatric hospitalization. Caring Contacts (CCs) are brief communications delivered post‐discharge that can help to improve mental health outcomes.

Method

This three‐phase, mixed‐method quality‐improvement study revised an existing CC intervention using iterative patient and community feedback. Inpatients (n = 2) and community members (n = 13) participated in focus groups to improve existing CC messages (phases 1 and 2). We piloted these messages among individuals with a suicide‐related concern following discharge from an inpatient psychiatric hospitalization (n = 27), sending CCs on days 2 and 7 post‐discharge (phase 3). Phase 3 participants completed mental health symptom measures at baseline and day 7, and provided feedback on these messages.

Results

Phase 1 and 2 focus group participants indicated preferences for shorter, more visually appealing messages that featured personalized, recovery‐focused content. Phase 3 participants demonstrated reductions in depressive symptoms at day‐7 post‐discharge (−6.4% mean score on Hopkins‐Symptom‐Checklist, −9.0% mean score on Entrapment‐Scale). Most participants agreed that CC messages helped them feel more connected to the hospital and encouraged help‐seeking behavior post‐discharge.

Conclusion

This study supports the use of an iterative process, including patient feedback, to improve CC messages and provides further pilot evidence that CC can have beneficial effects.
Outcome of Pneumocystis pneumonia in transplant and non‐transplant HIV‐negative immunocompromised patients
Authors: Albasata Hanan , Gioia Francesca , Jiang Yidi , Poutanen Susan M. , Hosseini‐Moghaddam Seyed M.
Published: June 2024

Background

Previous studies showed HIV‐negative immunocompromised patients are susceptible to Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). However, the PCP outcome has not been compared among HIV‐negative immunocompromised patients.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study at the University Health Network, we included all HIV‐negative immunocompromised patients who fulfilled the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) PCP diagnosis criteria from December 2018 to December 2019. We compared the demographics, comorbidities, course of illness, and PCP outcome (28‐day mortality and composite outcome [i.e., death or intensive care unit (ICU) admission]) between solid organ transplant (SOT) and non‐SOT patients.

Results

Of 160 non‐HIV patients with PCP diagnoses, 118 patients fulfilled EORTC criteria (76 males [64.4%], median [range] age: 65.5 [21–87] years). PCP presentation in SOT recipients (n = 14) was more severe than non‐SOT patients (n = 104): acute presentation (onset <7 days before admission: 11/14 [78.6%] vs. 51/104 [56%], p = .037), shortness of breath (100% vs. 75/104 [74.3%], p = .037), median [range] O2 saturation (88% [75%, 99%] vs. 92%[70%, 99%], p = .040), and supplemental O2 requirement (12/14 [85.7%] vs. 59/104 [56.7%], p = .044). The mortality [4/14, (28.6%) vs. 15/104 (14.4%), p = .176], ICU admission (10/14 [71.4%] vs. 18/104 [17.3%], p < .0001), and mechanical ventilation (8/14 [57.1%] vs. 18/104 [17.3%], p = .0007) in SOT patients was different from non‐SOT patients. In multivariable analysis, SOT recipients were at greater risk of composite outcome than non‐SOT patients (aOR [CI95%]: 12.25 [3.08–48.62], p < .001).

Conclusion

PCP presentation and outcomes in SOT recipients are more severe than in non‐SOT patients. Further studies are required to explore the biological reasons for this difference.

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Wild grass‐derived alleles represent a genetic architecture for the resilience of modern common wheat to stresses
Authors: Abdelrahman Mostafa , Gorafi Yasir Serag Alnor , Sulieman Saad , Jogaiah Sudisha , Gupta Aarti , Tsujimoto Hisashi , Nguyen Henry T. , Herrera‐Estrella Luis , Tran Lam‐Son Phan
Published: June 2024

This review explores the integration of wild grass‐derived alleles into modern bread wheat breeding to tackle the challenges of climate change and increasing food demand. With a focus on synthetic hexaploid wheat, this review highlights the potential of genetic variability in wheat wild relatives, particularly Aegilops tauschii, for improving resilience to multifactorial stresses like drought, heat, and salinity. The evolutionary journey of wheat (Triticum spp.) from diploid to hexaploid species is examined, revealing significant genetic contributions from wild grasses. We also emphasize the importance of understanding incomplete lineage sorting in the genomic evolution of wheat. Grasping this information is crucial as it can guide breeders in selecting the appropriate alleles from the gene pool of wild relatives to incorporate into modern wheat varieties. This approach improves the precision of phylogenetic relationships and increases the overall effectiveness of breeding strategies. This review also addresses the challenges in utilizing the wheat wild genetic resources, such as the linkage drag and cross‐compatibility issues. Finally, we culminate the review with future perspectives, advocating for a combined approach of high‐throughput phenotyping tools and advanced genomic techniques to comprehensively understand the genetic and regulatory architectures of wheat under stress conditions, paving the way for more precise and efficient breeding strategies.
Generating pathways to domestically sourced plasma‐derived medicinal products: Report from a workshop by the International Plasma and Fractionation Association and the Working Party on Global Blood Safety of the International Society of Blood Transfusion
Authors: Farrugia Albert , Perry Robert , Rossi Françoise , von Bonsdorff Leni , Bowie Glynis , Faber Jean‐Claude , Omarjee Jeh‐Han , Epstein Jay , White Jenny
Published: June 2024

Plasma‐derived medicinal products (PDMPs) are recognized internationally as essential medicines required to treat various acute and chronic conditions including congenital deficiencies of plasma proteins in haemophilia and primary immune deficiency. Global provision of these medicines is dominated by a small number of commercial companies, influencing the price and availability of the products. Achieving a level of strategic independence from this dominance is now seen as a public health priority in many countries. During the Regional Congress of the International Society for Blood Transfusion (ISBT) in Cape Town, South Africa, in November 2023, around 50 delegates from 24 countries participated in a workshop (WS) organized jointly by the International Plasma and Fractionation Association (IPFA) and the ISBT Working Party on Global Blood Safety on pathways towards provision of PDMPs from domestic plasma independent of commercial purchase in the open market. The WS was structured around three themes, each addressed by a separate group:

Quality/safety requirements for plasma for fractionation (PfF)

Stepwise access for safe plasma proteins

Approaching contract fractionation

A synthesis of conclusions from these groups included the following:

The need to acquire support from government authorities for a national plasma policy, recognizing the difficulties posed by unstable political and bureaucratic environments.

The value of embedding plasma and PDMPs within a patient blood management (PBM) paradigm to promote optimal clinical use of PDMPs.

Training of blood/plasma collection personnel in the relevant principles of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP), coupled with regulatory oversight of plasma product production in the engaged jurisdictions.

Appreciation that limited access to contract fractionation may necessitate a stepwise approach, which may include small‐scale preparation of versions of essential plasma proteins as an intermediate phase towards the manufacture of industrial‐scale PDMPs from domestic plasma.
A retrospective analysis of postpartum red blood cell transfusions at a tertiary care obstetric centre
Authors: Lasry Ariane , Adant Samuel , Farag Karen , Tidafi Celya , Wareham Cassandra , Malick Mandy , Roy‐Lacroix Marie‐Ève , Morin Pierre‐Aurèle , Sauvé Nadine
Published: June 2024

Background and Objectives

Postpartum anaemia is a prevalent health problem. We aimed to determine the compliance rate for red blood cell (RBC) transfusion indication among postpartum women in a single tertiary care centre in Quebec, Canada.

Materials and Methods

Retrospective cohort study including all women ≥6 h postpartum who received ≥1 RBC transfusion during their delivery hospitalization between January 2005 and February 2022. We determined our centre's compliance rate by indication as compared to current society guidelines, all published after 2015 (Network for the Advancement of Patient Blood Management, Haemostasis and Thrombosis [NATA], Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists [RCOG], American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [ACOG]). We then explored predictors of guideline non‐compliance and described transfusion practices in our centre.

Results

A total of 171 women were included. Our centre's compliance rate was 79.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 72.7–84.8). Predictors of guideline non‐compliance were maternal medical comorbidity or abnormal placentation, both limited by large CIs (odds ratio [OR] 2.26, CI 1.02–4.94, p = 0.04; OR 4.00, CI 1.31–12.06, p = 0.01, respectively). Postpartum haemorrhage was diagnosed among 68% of the cohort, mostly due to uterine atony (73.3%). Mean baseline and nadir haemoglobin were 111 g/L (±18) and 62 g/L (±7.7), respectively. Multiple unit initial transfusion was found in a majority of patients (63.7%). Iron therapy was administered to 51.5% of women in‐hospital and 81.9% received an oral iron prescription at discharge. There were no differences in primary or secondary outcomes subsequent to relevant guideline publication.

Conclusion

Our centre's compliance rate for RBC transfusion indication meets current practice guidelines. Areas for improvement include single‐unit initial transfusion protocols and adjuvant iron treatment. Antenatal optimization of haemoglobin and ferritin stores may limit postpartum transfusions.
Development and Assessment of Review Clips by Disabled Students for a Teenage Soul Healing Program on the TikTok Platform
Authors: Thamwipat Kuntida , Princhankol Pornpapatsorn , Maneewan Sorakrich , Pintong Mookrawee , Eaksombun Thanachote
Published: June 2024

The purposes of this research were 1) to develop review clips by disabled students for a teenage soul healing program on the TikTok platform 2) to evaluate the quality of the review clips by disabled students 3) to evaluate the perception of the samples 4) to evaluate the satisfaction of the samples. The research tools included 1) the review clips by disabled students for the teenage soul healing program on the TikTok platform 2) the quality assessment form 3) the perception assessment form 4) the satisfaction assessment form. Data were collected from a sample group comprising 60 students chosen by a simple random sampling method from the Department of Educational Communications and Technology in the second semester of the 2023 academic who were exposed the review clips and who were willing to complete the questionnaire. The results were 4 review clips by disabled students using ADDIE Model. The evaluation by experts identified that content and media presentation quality assessment was at a very good level , while the samples’ perception and satisfaction were at the highest level.
Sub‐Weyl type range for twisted GL(2)$\mathrm{GL(2)}$ short sums
Authors: Ghosh Aritra , Kummari Mallesham
Published: June 2024

Let
where is a bump function supported on the interval [1,2] and satisfying and ’s are the normalized Fourier coefficients of Hecke eigenform, and is a primitive character of conductor . In this article, we prove a sub‐Weyl type cancellation range
provided that . Note that the above bound is nontrivial if .
Cost and cost-effectiveness of treatments for rheumatic heart disease in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Thangamma AG Mona , Vidyadharan Bhavya , Daniel Roshan P. , Sirur Andria , Kumar Praveen , Thunga P Girish , Gopal Poojari Pooja , Rashid Muhammed , Mukherjee Nirmalya , Bhattacharya Paramita , John Denny
Published: June 2024

Objective:

This review will synthesize studies on costs, the impact of these costs, and the cost-effectiveness of treatments for rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in low- and middle-income countries.

Introduction:

RHD incurs high costs owing to its clinical complexity, surgical treatments, and prolonged hospital stays. Thus, the disease has a substantial economic impact on the health system, patients, and their families. No systematic review on economic evidence of treatments for RHD has been published to date.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider all cost and cost-effectiveness studies on RHD treatments for children and young adults (5─30 years) residing in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods:

The review will follow the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of economic evaluation evidence. The search strategy will locate published and unpublished studies in English. Systematic searches will be conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Scopus, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), National Health Service Economic Evaluation Databases, Pediatric Economic Database Evaluation, and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts, followed by a full-text review based on the inclusion criteria. Data will be extracted using a modified JBI data extraction form for economic evaluations. JBI’s Dominance Ranking Matrix for economic evaluations will be used to summarize and compare the results of cost and cost-effectiveness studies. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach will be used to assess the certainty of economic evidence for outcomes related to resource use.

Review registration:

PROSPERO CRD42023425850
The Secret Sauce? Taking the Mystery Out of Scaling-Up School-Based Physical Activity Interventions
Authors: McKay Heather A. , Kennedy Sarah G. , Macdonald Heather M. , Naylor Patti-Jean , Lubans David R.
Published: June 2024

Over the last 4 decades, physical activity researchers have invested heavily in determining “what works” to promote healthy behaviors in schools. Single and multicomponent school-based interventions that target physical education, active transportation, and/or classroom activity breaks effectively increased physical activity among children and youth. Yet, few of these interventions are ever scaled-up and implemented under real-world conditions and in diverse populations. To achieve population-level health benefits, there is a need to design school-based health-promoting interventions for scalability and to consider key aspects of the scale-up process. In this opinion piece, we aim to identify challenges and advance knowledge and action toward scaling-up school-based physical activity interventions. We highlight the key roles of planning for scale-up at the outset, scale-up pathways, trust among partners and program support, program adaptation, evaluation of scale-up, and barriers and facilitators to scaling-up. We draw upon our experience scaling-up effective school-based interventions and provide a solid foundation from which others can work toward bridging the implementation-to-scale-up gap.
GLP-1 increases preingestive satiation via hypothalamic circuits in mice and humans
Authors: Kim Kyu Sik , Park Joon Seok , Hwang Eunsang , Park Min Jung , Shin Hwa Yun , Lee Young Hee , Kim Kyung Min , Gautron Laurent , Godschall Elizabeth , Portillo Bryan , Grose Kyle , Jung Sang-Ho , Baek So Lin , Yun Young Hyun , Lee Doyeon , Kim Eunseong , Ajwani Jason , Yoo Seong Ho , Güler Ali D. , Williams Kevin W. , Choi Hyung Jin
Published: June 2024

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are effective antiobesity drugs. However, the precise central mechanisms of GLP-1RAs remain elusive. We administered GLP-1RAs to patients with obesity and observed a heightened sense of preingestive satiation. Analysis of human and mouse brain samples pinpointed GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) as candidates for encoding preingestive satiation. Optogenetic manipulation of DMH
GLP-1R
neurons caused satiation. Calcium imaging demonstrated that these neurons are actively involved in encoding preingestive satiation. GLP-1RA administration increased the activity of DMH
GLP-1R
neurons selectively during eating behavior. We further identified that an intricate interplay between DMH
GLP-1R
neurons and neuropeptide Y/agouti-related peptide neurons of the arcuate nucleus (ARC
NPY/AgRP
neurons) occurs to regulate food intake. Our findings reveal a hypothalamic mechanism through which GLP-1RAs control preingestive satiation, offering previously unexplored neural targets for obesity and metabolic diseases.
Molecular recognition with resolution below 0.2 angstroms through thermoregulatory oscillations in covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Hu Yiming , Sengupta Bratin , Long Hai , Wayment Lacey J. , Ciora Richard , Jin Yinghua , Wu Jingyi , Lei Zepeng , Friedman Kaleb , Chen Hongxuan , Yu Miao , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2024

Crystalline materials with uniform molecular-sized pores are desirable for a broad range of applications, such as sensors, catalysis, and separations. However, it is challenging to tune the pore size of a single material continuously and to reversibly distinguish small molecules (below 4 angstroms). We synthesized a series of ionic covalent organic frameworks using a tetraphenoxyborate linkage that maintains meticulous synergy between structural rigidity and local flexibility to achieve continuous and reversible (100 thermal cycles) tunability of “dynamic pores” between 2.9 and 4.0 angstroms, with resolution below 0.2 angstroms. This results from temperature-regulated, gradual amplitude change of high-frequency linker oscillations. These thermoelastic apertures selectively block larger molecules over marginally smaller ones, demonstrating size-based molecular recognition and the potential for separating challenging gas mixtures such as oxygen/nitrogen and nitrogen/methane.
Homeocurvature adaptation of phospholipids to pressure in deep-sea invertebrates
Authors: Winnikoff Jacob R. , Milshteyn Daniel , Vargas-Urbano Sasiri J. , Pedraza-Joya Miguel A. , Armando Aaron M. , Quehenberger Oswald , Sodt Alexander , Gillilan Richard E. , Dennis Edward A. , Lyman Edward , Haddock Steven H. D. , Budin Itay
Published: June 2024

Hydrostatic pressure increases with depth in the ocean, but little is known about the molecular bases of biological pressure tolerance. We describe a mode of pressure adaptation in comb jellies (ctenophores) that also constrains these animals’ depth range. Structural analysis of deep-sea ctenophore lipids shows that they form a nonbilayer phase at pressures under which the phase is not typically stable. Lipidomics and all-atom simulations identified phospholipids with strong negative spontaneous curvature, including plasmalogens, as a hallmark of deep-adapted membranes that causes this phase behavior. Synthesis of plasmalogens enhanced pressure tolerance in
Escherichia coli
, whereas low-curvature lipids had the opposite effect. Imaging of ctenophore tissues indicated that the disintegration of deep-sea animals when decompressed could be driven by a phase transition in their phospholipid membranes.
Transcriptome analysis of CpGV in midguts of type II resistant codling moth larvae and identification of contaminant infections by SNP mapping of RNA-Seq data
Authors: Yang Shili , Amberger Maximilian , Wennmann Jörg T. , Jehle Johannes A.
Published: June 2024

Various isolates of the Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) are used as insect pest control agents against codling moth (CM,
Cydia pomonella
L.), a predominant pest in apple orchards. Three different types (I–III) of dominantly inherited field resistance of CM larvae to CpGV have been recently identified. In this study, transcription of virus genes in midgut cells of type II-resistant CM larvae infected with different CpGV isolates, i.e., CpGV-M and CpGV-S (both prone to type II resistance) as well as CpGV-E2 (breaking type II resistance) was determined by strand-specific RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) at an early infection stage (72 h post infection). Based on principal component analysis of read counts and the quantitative distribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the RNA-Seq data, a bioinformatics analysis pipeline was developed for an
a posteriori
identification of the infective agents. We report that (i) identification of infective agent is crucial, especially in
in vivo
infection experiments, when activation of covert virus infections is a possibility, (ii) no substantial difference between CpGV-M and CpGV-S transcription was found in type II-resistant CM larvae despite a different resistance mechanism, (iii) the transcription level of CpGV-M and CpGV-S was much lower than that of CpGV-E2, and (iv)
orf59
(
sod
),
orf89
(
pif-6
)
, orf92
(
p18
), and
orf137
(
lef-10
) were identified as significantly downregulated genes in resistance-prone isolates CpGV-M and CpGV-S. For type II resistance of CM larvae, we conclude that CpGV-M and CpGV-S are both able to enter midgut cells, but viral transcription is significantly impaired at an early stage of infection compared to the resistance-breaking isolate CpGV-E2.

IMPORTANCE

CpGV is a highly virulent pathogen of codling moth, and it has been developed into one of the most successful commercial baculovirus biocontrol agents for pome fruit production worldwide. The emergence of field resistance in codling moth to commercial CpGV products is a threat toward the sustainable use of CpGV. In recent years, different types of resistance (type I–III) were identified. For type II resistance, very little is known regarding the infection process. By studying the virus gene expression patterns of different CpGV isolates in midguts of type II-resistant codling moth larvae, we found that the type II resistance mechanism is most likely based on intracellular factors rather than a receptor component. By applying SNP mapping of the RNA-Seq data, we further emphasize the importance of identifying the infective agents in
in vivo
experiments when activation of a covert infection cannot be excluded.
Complete genome sequence of multidrug-resistant
Raoultella terrigena
strain RT01-5M1 isolated from farmed salmon in Canada
Authors: Zhang Bei , Tan Tianbi , Smith Derek D. N. , Duceppe Marc-Olivier , Rudra Bashudev , Gupta Radhey S. , Ogunremi Dele
Published: June 2024

The genome sequence of multidrug-resistant
Raoultella terrigena
RT01-5M1 strain isolated from Canadian farmed salmon was determined using Oxford nanopore and Illumina MiSeq sequencers. The assembled chromosome was estimated at 5,699,993 bp in size, with two plasmids, 164,879 bp and 82,046 bp. The chromosome and smaller plasmid contained antimicrobial resistance genes.
The basic leucine zipper domain (bZIP) transcription factor
BbYap1
promotes evasion of host humoral immunity and regulates lipid homeostasis contributing to fungal virulence in
Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Wang Guang , Chen Bin , Zhang Xu , Du Guangzu , Han Guangyu , Liu Jing , Peng Yuejin
Published: June 2024

Basic leucine zipper domain transcription factors (TFs), of which yeast activator protein (Yap) is a significant class, are crucial for the development of sclerotia, the stress response, vegetative growth, and spore adhesion. Nevertheless, nothing is known about how Yap TFs contribute to the pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungus. In this work,
Beauveria bassiana
was used to identify and knock out the yeast gene
BbYap1
, which is similar to Yap. The
BbYap1
gene deletion has an impact on lipid homeostasis of
B. bassiana
; oleic acid, for example, dropped by 95.69%. The
BbYap1
mutant exhibited much less virulence and vegetative development in comparison to the wild strain, while demonstrating a greater sensitivity to chemical stress. It is noteworthy that the physiological abnormalities brought on by
BbYap1
deletion were largely repaired by the addition of exogenous oleic acid, as seen by the notable increase in insect survival in the blood cavity injection group. Following infection with the
BbYap1
mutant, the host exhibits a considerable down-regulation of the expression of β-1,3-glucan recognition protein, gallerimycin, gloverin, and moricin-like protein genes. Likewise, the introduction of exogenous oleic acid markedly increased the host’s expression of the aforementioned genes. In summary,
BbYap1
regulates cellular enzyme lipid homeostasis and fungal virulence by eluding host humoral defense, which contributes to fungal chemical stress and vegetative development.

IMPORTANCE

Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) offer an effective and eco-friendly alternative to curb insect populations in biocontrol strategy. When EPF enter the hemolymph of their host, they encounter a variety of stress reactions, such as immunological and oxidative stress. Basic leucine zipper domain transcription factors, of which yeast activator protein (Yap) is a significant class, have diverse biological functions related to metabolism, development, reproduction, conidiation, stress responses, and pathogenicity. This study demonstrates that
BbYap1
of
Beauveria bassiana
regulates cellular enzyme lipid homeostasis and fungal virulence by eluding host humoral defense, which contributes to fungal chemical stress and vegetative development. These findings offer fresh perspectives for comprehending molecular roles of YAP in EPF.
Novel phage infecting the
Roseobacter
CHUG lineage reveals a diverse and globally distributed phage family
Authors: Wu Zuqing , Guo Luyuan , Wu Ying , Yang Mingyu , Du Sen , Shao Jiabing , Zhang Zefeng , Zhao Yanlin
Published: June 2024

Bacteriophages play an essential role in shaping the diversity and metabolism of bacterial communities. Marine
Roseobacter
group is an abundant heterotrophic bacterial group that is involved in many major element cycles, especially carbon and sulfur. Members of the
Roseobacter
CHUG (Clade Hidden and Underappreciated Globally) lineage are globally distributed and are activated in pelagic marine environments. In this study, we isolated and characterized a phage, CRP-810, that infects the CHUG strain FZCC0198. The genome of CRP-810 was dissimilar to those of other known phages. Additionally, 251 uncultured viral genomes (UViGs) closely related to CRP-810 were obtained from the uncultivated marine viral contig databases. Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that CRP-810 and these related UViGs exhibited conserved genome synteny, representing a new phage family with at least eight subgroups. Most of the CRP-810-type phages contain an integrase gene, and CRP-810 can be integrated into the host genome. Further analysis revealed that three CRP-810-type members were prophages found in the genomes of marine SAR11,
Poseidonocella
, and
Sphingomonadaceae
. Finally, viromic read-mapping analysis showed that CRP-810-type phages were globally distributed and displayed distinct biogeographic patterns related to temperature and latitude. Many members with a lower G + C content were mainly distributed in the trade station, whereas members with a higher G + C content were mainly distributed in polar and westerlies station, indicating that the niche differentiation of phages was subject to host adaptation. Collectively, these findings identify a novel phage family and expand our understanding of phylogenetic diversity, evolution, and biogeography of marine phages.

IMPORTANCE

The
Roseobacter
CHUG lineage, affiliated with the Pelagic
Roseobacter
Cluster (PRC), is widely distributed in the global oceans and is active in oligotrophic seawater. However, knowledge of the bacteriophages that infect CHUG members is limited. In this study, a CHUG phage, CRP-810, that infects the CHUG strain FZCC0198, was isolated and shown to have a novel genomic architecture. In addition, 251 uncultured viral genomes closely related to CRP-810 were recovered and included in the analyses. Phylogenomic analyses revealed that the CRP-810-type phages represent a new phage family containing at least eight genus-level subgroups. Members of this family were predicted to infect various marine bacteria. We also demonstrated that the CRP-810-type phages are widely distributed in global oceans and display distinct biogeographic patterns related to latitude. Collectively, this study provides important insights into the genomic organization, diversity, and ecology of a novel phage family that infect ecologically important bacteria in the global ocean.