bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern approaches to the correction of renal dysfunction in pregnant women
Authors: Repin М. A. , Krapivina Е. G. , Kolchin V. А. , Stambulova O. А.
Published: November 2021

Phytopreparation Kanefron N includes components that provide antispasmodic, vasodilating, diuretic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial action. The efficacy of cannephron H was studied in 132 pregnant women, 52 of whom had a concomitant urinary tract infection, and 80 had gestosis and / or chronic parenchymal kidney damage (chronic glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis), in eight cases complicated by chronic renal failure. The following cumulative effects of the treatment with canephropom H were obtained: improvement of peripheral (including renal) blood circulation (according to coagulogram tests), increased urine output, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial action (including in relation to the vaginal flora). The drug is safe for the mother and the fetus, as evidenced by the outcomes of pregnancy and childbirth in women treated with Kanephron N. The effectiveness of treatment depends on its duration (at least 3-4 months). It is possible to combine kanefron N with antibacterial, antispasmodic agents and with antihypertensive drugs.
Association of the single nucleotide polymorphism C1858T of the PTPN22 gene with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss: A case-control study
Authors: Khanbarari Fateme , Ghasemi Nasrin , Vakili Mahmood , Samadi Morteza
Published: November 2021

Background: Lymphoid-tyrosine-phosphatase which is encoded by the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 (PTPN22) gene plays a pivotal role in the regulation of immune responses by dephosphorylating several signaling intermediates of immune cells.
Objective: Since a balanced immune response has been shown to be important during pregnancy, the purpose of this research was to compare the frequency of the PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism in women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL) vs. in a control group for the first time.
Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA from 200 individuals with URPL and 200 individuals without URPL (the control group) at the infertility center in Yazd, Iran was isolated using the salting-out method. The PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism of the two groups was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Genotype frequencies in the women with URPL and the fertile control group were compared using the Chi-square test.
Results: There were significant differences in the frequency of the PTPN22 1858T polymorphism in the URPL individuals vs. the healthy controls, i.e. 32.0% and 21.5%, respectively (p = 0.01).
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the PTPN22 1858T polymorphism could play a role in recurrent pregnancy loss. Therefore, genotyping of the mentioned polymorphism can help clinicians to predict the probable risk of URPL.
Key words: Recurrent pregnancy loss, PTPN22 protein, Single nucleotide polymorphism.
Factors influencing low sexual desire and sexual distress in pregnancy: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Malary Mina , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Keramat Afsaneh , Sabetghadam Shadi
Published: November 2021

Background: Sexual desire and sexual distress are determined by emotional, psychosocial, hormonal, and anatomical factors during pregnancy.
Objective: To identify the factors contributing to female low sexual desire and sexual distress during pregnancy separately and concurrently.
Materials and Methods: Overall, 295 pregnant women were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Sexual desire and distress were assessed by the sexual interest and desire inventory-female (score ≤ 33.0 indicates low sexual desire) and the female sexual distress scale-revised (score ≥ 11 indicates sexual distress).
Results: 56.3% and 17.3% of pregnant women met the clinical cut-off for low sexual desire and sexual distress, respectively. After adjusting for the effect of the confounding variables by logistic regression multivariate analysis, satisfaction with body image before and during pregnancy, frequency of sexual intercourse, and satisfaction with foreplay were found to be significantly associated with low sexual desire. Factors related to sexual distress were similar to those noted for common sexual desire, except for satisfaction with foreplay. Other factors related to sexual distress included increased age, fear of abortion, and pregnancy trimester. Factors linked to concurrent low sexual desire and sexual distress were similar to those found for sexual distress, except for pregnancy trimester.
Conclusion: Low sexual desire and sexual distress are relatively common sexual experiences during pregnancy. Several factors could predict low sexual desire but were not associated with sexual distress, and conversely. Comprehensive attention to all of these factors is essential while screening for sexual health during pregnancy.
Key words: Pregnancy, Sexual desire, Sexual distress, Sexual dysfunctions, Influencing factors.
The effects of supplemented sericin on in vitro maturation and preimplantation development of mouse embryos: An experimental study
Authors: Banafshi Omid , Nasseri Sherko , Farhadi Leila , Alasvand Masoud , Bagher Khadem-Erfan Mohammad , Hosseini Javad , Miraki Saber , Fathi Fardin
Published: November 2021

Background: Mouse embryo culture condition is an essential part of transgenic, reproductive and developmental biology laboratories. Mouse embryonic culture media may have a high risk of serum contamination with pathogens. 
Objective: To investigate the effect of sericin as an embryo culture medium supplement on in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and development of the preimplantation embryo in mice.
Materials and Methods: The effects of sericin at three concentrations (subgroups) of 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% as a medium supplement on IVM, IVF, and in vitro development of mouse embryos were separately investigated and compared with a sericin-free (control) group. The cumulative effect of the three concentrations was evaluated for IVM + in vitro development and IVF + in vitro development as follow-up groups.
Results: In the IVM group, compared to the control group, the number of oocysts reaching the MII stage was significantly higher when 1% sericin was used (161/208 = 77.4%). No significant results were observed in the IVF and in vitro development groups with different concentrations of sericin compared to the control group. Among the follow-up groups, in the IVM + in vitro development group, the number of oocytes was higher after passing the IVM and IVF and reaching the blastocysts stage when 1% sericin was used, compared with other sericin subgroups. A significant difference was also noted when compared with the control group (p = 0.048). The IVF + in vitro development study group, on the other hand, did not show any significant relationship.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that 1% sericin can be used as a supplement in mouse embryo cultures to improve the IVM rate. Also, based on the findings, sericin appears to be an effective supplement which can have a positive effect on the development of embryos derived from IVM.
Key words: Sericin, In vitro maturation, In vitro fertilization, Preimplantation embryo, Culture medium, Mice.
Effect of modification on the physical, mechanical and relaxation properties of the polymer - nanodispersed graphite system
Authors: Sichkar T.G. , Rokytskyi M.O. , Yanchevsky L.K. , Rokytska H.V. , Ursul K.V. , Shut N.I.
Published: November 2021

The paper analyzes the physical, mechanical and relaxation properties of the polychlortrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) - modified nanodispersed graphite (TEG) system. It has been shown that the modification of the surface of conducting carbon nanoplates with ultradispersed dielectric silicon dioxide (SiO2) (30%) leads to a nontrivial effect - an increase in the electrical conductivity of the PCTFE - 2.5% TEG/30% SiO2 composite by more than two orders of magnitude in comparison with the PCTFE - TEG composites, containing unmodified carbon nanoplates.

The functionalization of carbon nanoplates was carried out by treating the particle surface with an active solution of chlorosilane in an organic solvent, that in case of hydrophobization of the filler surface, leads to an increase in the system percolation threshold. It is shown that the method of hydrolyzation of the filler surface can be highly effective due to a directed change in some, in particular, shielding, properties of polymer composites based on nanocarbon.

It is established that the modification of the nanofiller (dispersed thermoexpanded graphite) increases the intermolecular interaction of the filler-matrix. Depending on the concentration of the filler, the structure of the matrix and the system as a whole demonstrates dynamic transformations in the size of the heterogeneity of the structure.

Ultrasonic studies of composites have shown that the smallest size of structure inhomogeneity is achieved in the range of concentrations of percolation development, and the change in the size of system structure inhomogeneity is associated with the transition from inhomogeneity as the size of crystallites activated by nanofiller at low concentrations associated with coagulation of nanoparticles at concentrations exceeding the percolation threshold.

Thus, in the case of nanofillers, it is impractical to use concentrations that significantly exceed the percolation threshold, as this leads to coagulation of the filler particles and the relative loosening of the matrix.
Fractionation of solid component of welding aerosol
Authors: Ennan A.A.-A. , Vishnyakov V.I. , Kiro S.A. , Oprya M.V.
Published: November 2021

The design of portable filtration device with electrostatic filter and description of its work, which provides the trapping efficiency about 99.5% and fractionation of the polydisperse aerosol to four fractions via particles’ electrical mobility, are presented. The samples of aerosol particles’ fractions are obtained under usual welding regimes by welding wire Св08Г2С in CO2 and their specific surface area, element and phase compositions, phase ratio and crystallite sizes are determined. The correlation between fraction’s element composition and its specific surface area is demonstrated – the iron content is decreased, and manganese and silicon contents are increased when specific surface area is increased. The polyphase content (Fe3O4, FeO, FeMn2O4 и a-Fe are determined) and presence of the monocrystal nanosized magnetite particles, wustite and iron-manganese spinel in the fraction samples are confirmed by the X-ray analysis. The silicon compounds in particles are in amorphous state. The possibility of utilization of the nanostructured aerosol particles are proposed as a result of experimental data analysis.
Socio-Economic Status of Slum Dwellers: A Cross-Sectional Study of five slums in Varanasi City
Authors: Pandey Alok , Bhardwaj Ajay
Published: November 2021

The study focuses on the socio-economic status (SES) of slum dwellers in Varanasi city. From the five wards of Varanasi slums, 200 households were interviewed with a predesigned questionnaire. To show the status of the families in the slum, we used Kuppuswamy's socio-economic class. The average score of Kuppuswamy'ssocio-economic status of slum dwellers is 7.7. In Varanasi city, based on the Kuppuswamy SES score, families belong to Upper-lower SES, and their average SES is seven. The states should focus on poverty, unemployment, income, and essential services in city areas. The present study suggests improving the socio-economic condition, which led to improved social, educational, and income status in slums.
Habilidades blandas y el desempeño docente en el nivel superior de la educación
Authors: Rodriguez Siu Jenny Liliana , Rodríguez Salazar Raúl Eduardo , Fuerte Montaño Leonardo
Published: November 2021

Luego de la indagación e interpretación de estudios previos, teorías y conceptos concernientes a la temática de investigación, en los siguientes acápites de este artículo de revisión, se pretende desarrollar, de forma conceptual y analítica, las habilidades blandas en la educación; las dimensiones de las habilidades blandas, según Daniel Goleman; las habilidades blandas en el docente de nivel superior; el desempeño docente; la evaluación del desempeño docente en el nivel superior; y, finalmente, la importancia de las habilidades bandas para el desempeño del docente universitario.
La atención a la diversidad de los menores en conflicto con la ley Penal desde una visión integradora
Authors: Chaviano Jiménez Aldo , Llopiz Guerra Karel , Vladimirovich Miroshnichenko Alexander , López-Narvaes Mónica , Chipana-Fernández Yolanda , Nieto-Fernández Gaby
Published: November 2021

Responder a las necesidades del mejoramiento profesional y humano atendiendo a la diversidad, es una de las exigencias de los sistemas educativos. Estudios internacionales realizados por diversos autores han demostrado preocupaciones por la atención a los menores que se encuentran en conflicto con la Ley. El objetivo de este trabajo se refiere a un estudio de revisión por diferentes profesionales del orbe, acerca de la atención que reciben los menores que se encuentran en conflicto con la ley penal, así como las causas que lo originan, líneas de trabajo y estrategias a desarrollar para su prevención y atención en todos los niveles desde la intersectorialidad.
β-Ga2O3 Used as a Saturable Absorber to Realize Passively Q-Switched Laser Output
Authors: Li Baizhong , Chen Qiudi , Zhang Peixiong , Tian Ruifeng , Zhang Lu , Sai Qinglin , Wang Bin , Pan Mingyan , Liu Youchen , Xia Changtai , Chen Zhenqiang , Qi Hongji
Published: November 2021

β-Ga2O3 crystal have attracted great attentions in the fields of photonics and photoelectronics because of its ultra wide-band gap and high thermal conductivity. Here, pure β-Ga2O3 crystal was successfully grown by optical floating zone (OFZ) method, and used as saturable absorbers to realize a passively Q-switched all-solid-state 1μm laser for the first time. By placing the as-grown β-Ga2O3 crystal into the resonator of Nd:GYAP solid-state laser, a Q-switched pulses at the center wavelength of 1080.4 nm are generated under a output coupling of 10%. The maximum output power is 191.5 mW while the shortest pulse width is 606.54 ns, and the maximum repetition frequency is 344.06 kHz. The maximum pulse energy and peak power are 0.567 μJ and 0.93 W, respectively. Our experimental results show that β-Ga2O3 crystal has great potential in the development of all-solid-state 1μm pulsed laser.
Correlation Between Vascular Inflammation Markers, Diastolic Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Takayasu Arteritis
Authors: Cicco Sebastiano , Desantis Vanessa , Vacca Antonio , Cazzato Gerardo , Solimando Antonio Giovanni , Cirulli Anna Lisa , Noviello Silvia , Susca Cecilia , Prete Marcella , Brosolo Gabriele , Catena Cristiana , Lamanuzzi Aurelia , Saltarella Ilaria , Frassanito Maria Antonia , Cimmino Antonietta , Ingravallo Giuseppe , Resta Leonardo , Ria Roberto , Montagnani Monica
Published: November 2021

Background: Takayasu Arteritis (TAK) increases vascular stiffness and arterial resistance. Hypertension and atherosclerosis lead to similar changes. We investigated possible differences in cardiovascular remodeling between these diseases and whether the differences are correlated with immune cell expression. Methods: Patients with active TAK arteritis were compared with age- and sex-matched hypertensive and atherosclerotic patients. In a subpopulation of TAK patients, Treg/Th17 cells were measured before (T0) and after 18 months (T18) of infliximab treatment. Echocardiogram, supraaortic Doppler ultrasound, and lymphocytogram were performed in all patients. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of the vessel wall was performed to compare the in vivo results. Results: TAK patients have increased aortic valve dysfunction and diastolic dysfunction. These data have been associated with uric acid levels. A significant increase in aortic stiffness was also noted and associated with peripheral T lymphocyte levels. CD3+CD4+ cell infiltrates were detected in the vessel wall samples of these patients. They had a lower mean percentage of Tregs at T0 than controls, but levels increased significantly at T18. Opposite results were found in Th17 cells. Finally, TAK patients were found to have an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Conclusion: Our data suggest that different pathogenic mechanisms of vessel damage, including atherosclerosis, underlie TAK patients compared with control subjects. The increased risk of ASCVD in TAK patients correlates directly with the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration in the vessel wall. Infliximab restores the normal frequency of Tregs/Th17 in TAK patients and allows a possible reduction of steroids and immunosuppressants.
Implementasi FMEA dalam Menganalisis Risiko Kegagalan Proses Produksi Berdasarkan RPN
Authors: Prasetya Raynaldhi Yudha , Suhermanto Suhermanto , Muryanto Muryanto
Published: November 2021

Pengendalian kualitas merupakan hal yang penting untuk mempertahankan posisi perusahaan di mata konsumen. Pada saat ini permasalahan yang terjadi pada perusahaan masih ada yang di luar dari ketentuan batas. Diketahui di atas angka persentase yang telah ditetapkan oleh perusahaan. Sehingga perusahaan segera melakukan perbaikan agar tidak terjadi waste/yang merugikan perusahaan. Dengan adanya pengendalian kualitas secara baik dan benar, maka akan diperoleh produk yang dapat memenuhi keinginan konsumen. Salah satu tools yang digunakan untuk membantu pengendalian kualitas adalah menggunakan metode Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA). Penggunaan FMEA mampu mengidentifikasi risiko kegagalan yang terjadi selama proses produksi di TL - 5. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis moda kegagalan yang menyebabkan terjadi permasalahan dengan menggunakan metode FMEA. Dengan berdasarkan nilai Risk Priority Number (RPN). Selanjutnya emberikan usulan perbaikan untuk produksi selanjutnya. Berdasarkan pengolahan dengan metode FMEA dapat mengidentifikasi moda kegagalan yang terjadi. Dapat diketahui hasil dari penelitian, terdapat 7 moda kegagalan yang perlu diberikan usulan/tindakan.
SIMULATION OF OPERATION OF THE AUTOMATED SYSTEM OF LOCAL MULTI-CIRCUIT COOLING OF PARTS OF AUTOTRACTOR DIESEL ENGINE
Authors: Триньов А.В. , Sivykh D.G.
Published: November 2021

The results present the intermediate stage of the study of the thermal state of individual heat-stressed parts and units of a forced tractor diesel engine in the conditions of their local air cooling (LAC), which is regulated in automatic mode. Possibilities of practical implementation on the basis of microprocessor control systems of multi-circuit local cooling of parts of valve exhaust unit, bearing unit of turbocharger, if necessary, additional air cooling of the upper part of cylinder blocks in the area of cylinder liners are considered and evaluated. The listed parts, as evidenced by the results of many engine tests, differing in the values of the maximum critical temperatures, which in turn depend on the course of heat exchange processes in the corresponding interfaces, nodes. At the same time, in the conditions of operation with the use of the LAC system on the diesel engine there are additional problems associated with the complication of the cooling control algorithm, the need to move to multi-circuit options with their critical temperature values and required cooling air costs. At this stage of the study, a test was performed in the test mode of the algorithm for supply control and shutdown of the coolant supply, the corresponding circuit solutions for its implementation. In the engineless experiment, previously specially designed and thermocoupled units were used, which were heated separately with the set test temperatures, as well as a series-produced unit, which is part of the 4th generation gas cylinder equipment (GCE) of modern engines. The unit consists of four sections with solenoid valves, which dose the gas supply to the injectors according to a given algorithm (Valtek type 30). At the input of the engineless experiment, this unit was used to turn on and off the supply of compressed cooling air in separate circuits (from 2 to 4). The moments of operation of the valves (opening-closing) corresponded to the set test temperatures. In addition to the dynamics of temperature changes at the control points of the research units during the cooling process, the pressure, temperature, and coolant flow rates on individual circuits were also monitored. The conducted engineless experiment confirmed the correctness of the adopted circuit solutions, and also proves the possibility of further application of serial GCE units in LAC systems.
RELATED REGULATION OF BIOGAS SUPPLIES AND METHANE IN A GAS ENGINE
Authors: Lisoval А.А.
Published: November 2021

The results of experimental researches were received on a gas-electric installation with a rated power of 30 kW at 1500 rpm. The spark-ignited petrol drive engine (8-cylinder, 100 mm cylinder diameter, 88 mm stroke) was converted to a pure gas one. The compression ratio of 8.5 did not change. The gas fuel supply system consists of a supply line and an emergency shut-off circuit. The natural gas supply line was connected to the domestic main line through a special gas distributor. On the basis of HEINZMANN components, a system for dosing mixed gas fuel was developed, which, through a microprocessor control unit and an actuator, acted on the throttle valve of the gas mixer. In experimental researches, the composite fuel was a model gas – a mixture of natural and carbon dioxide gases, which was prepared in a zero pressure reducer before the gas mixer. With an increase in the volume fraction of carbon dioxide in the model gas by more than 34 %, a deterioration of the combustion process was observed in the steady state. In the article, based on the analysis of the experimental results of the operation of a piston gas engine on a model gas, an algorithm for the use of associated automatic control of biogas and methane feeds is substantiated. The transition from quantitative to qualitative regulation of the gas-air mixture has been substantiated. To do this, it is necessary to create two automatic control loops for the supply of air and a mixture of natural gas, which are interconnected through an external load. With the developed algorithm, as the load increases, the supply of natural gas increases, and the supply of biogas decreases. With an increase in the load of 75 % or more, a more intensive enrichment of the fuel mixture with natural gas occurs than at low and medium loads. The proposed algorithm for regulating the fuel mixture can be implemented using electromagnetic gas injectors for dosing the components of the composite fuel. Signals from sensors for oxygen and methane content in exhaust gases were selected as corrective links for the coupled control algorithm. Recommendations on the choice of tuning modes for oxygen and methane sensors have been developed.
FRENCH ENGINEER SABATHE LOUIS GASTON AND HIS ROLE IN CREATION OF DUAL COMBUSTION CYCLE
Authors: Bilousov E.V. , Billier P.
Published: November 2021

Almost immediately after Rudolph Diesel created his "rational" engine, attempts were made to improve it. Since at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century, the theory of internal combustion engines had not yet been formed as a unified scientific system, there were no unified approaches to assessing the innovations proposed by individual engineers and scientists either. In this regard, disputes and litigations periodically arose related to the recognition of priority for a specific design or the proposed principle of work for a specific author. First of all, this was due to the possibility of obtaining material benefits from the introduction of a patented innovation into production. It should be noted that profit-related litigation and information campaigns were not always objective, and the development of progress at the turn of the century were so rapid that the same ideas entered the heads of several independent inventors at once, but the same discoveries were made in different parts of the world by different scientists. By the beginning of the twentieth century, the accumulated experience, as well as theoretical and experimental studies have shown that it was possible to significantly improve the nature of the flow of the working process of piston engines by replacing the isochoric or isobaric heat supply in the process of fuel combustion with a combined one with heat supply, first at a constant volume (by isochore), and then at constant pressure (isobar). Three scientists - Gustav Trinkler, Myron Zaliger and Louis Gaston Sabathe claimed priority in the development of such a cycle. Each of them came to this decision in different ways, and each made his own contribution both to the formation of the theory of working processes of piston engines, and to the formation of engine building in general. It is to this contribution made by the French engineer Louis Gaston Sabathe that this article is devoted.
APPLICATION OF EXERGETIC METHOD FOR EVALUATION OF PROCESS PERFECTION IN DIESEL ENGINE SUPERCHARGING SYSTEM
Authors: Marchenko A. P. , Kravchenko S. S. , Bekaryuk O. M. , Shelestov M. S.
Published: November 2021

One of the most important trends of the modern combat vehicles is increasing their mobility for the security of the crew and for fast movement in different types of terrain. Compliance with these criteria is ensured by the engine of the armored vehicle. The competitiveness of domestic engines for armored vehicles should be ensured by the creation of new structures, their constant modernization and further improvement of performance. One of such engines is a forced diesel engine 6DN12/2x12 with a capacity of 1100 kW. In order to improve its performance and increase the level of forcing, it is proposed to improve the air supply system of the engine. Evaluating the effectiveness of the system can identify nodes that need changing design parameters. Therefore, such a qualitative analysis also indicates the feasibility and the possibility of further modernization of the system design. The qualitative analysis of the turbocharger is carried out on the basis of exergy method, which allows identifying sources of energy losses in the system design and determines the degree of perfection of processes. The application of the exergy method is due to the purpose of determining the reserves to improve the efficiency of the turbocharger elements, the magnitude of the supplied exergy and exergy efficiency in the nodes of the air supply system. According to the method, an exergy scheme of the supercharging system was constructed, on the basis of which the energy-exergy balance of each compressor unit was derived. The results of the analysis allowed to determine the parameters of the flow of the working fluid in the characteristic sections of the compressor and turbine and exergetic efficiency of the supercharging system. The calculated data obtained by exergetic analysis provide an estimate of the distribution of energy losses and allow determining the areas for further improvement of the air supply system and providing an opportunity to choose such design parameters that achieve the most effective improvement of the system.
DETERMINATION OF COMPLEX FUEL-ECOLOGICAL CRITERION FOR DIESEL WORKING ON WATER-FUEL EMULSION
Authors: Marchenko A.P. , Parsadanov I.V. , Savchenko A.V.
Published: November 2021

Today, internal combustion engines are very common as energy sources in many countries around the world. This makes the tasks related to improving the environmental performance of internal combustion engines relevant. The introduction of alternative fuels in internal combustion engines is an effective way to reduce their negative impact on the environment. One of the most available and widespread alternative fuels for diesels is a water-fuel emulsion. The use of water-fuel emulsion makes it possible to reduce the specific fuel consumption of petroleum origin, as well as to achieve a significant reduction in emissions of harmful substances from diesel exhaust. However, due to differences in the physical properties of traditional diesel fuel and water-fuel emulsion, the course of the processes of mixture formation and combustion in the diesel cylinder changes significantly. This may be due to the emergence of a reserve for further improvement of the diesel engine by selecting the parameters of the diesel engine running on water-fuel emulsion. The study selected the following parameters for variation: compression ratio, boost pressure, duration of the injection process, injection timing. The article considers the influence of these parameters on the Brake-specific fuel consumption of diesel, the specific emission of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides, the maximum pressure in the cylinder. The nature and degree of influence of changes in the parameters of the diesel engine on its performance was determined using mathematical modeling. It should be noted that the influence of each of the parameters selected for variation is quite complex and often ambiguous. That is, when some indicators improve, others may deteriorate somewhat. Therefore, in order to select the most rational parameters of a diesel engine running on a water-fuel emulsion, it is necessary to simultaneously assess the economic and environmental performance of the diesel engine. For this assessment, a method was used to determine a comprehensive fuel and environmental criterion for a diesel engine running on a water-fuel emulsion. Thus, the article shows the potential for comprehensive improvement of environmental and economic performance of the diesel engine by choosing rational parameters.
USE OF VEGETABLE OIL AS A FUEL IN A MEDIUM SPEED DIESEL ENGINE
Authors: Hrabovenko O. , Dotsenko S. , Nesterenko V. , Shvets I.
Published: November 2021

While being highly fuel-efficient, diesel engines are defined by relatively high emissions, which have a negative impact on people and the environment. In the future, most European countries plan to abandon the use of diesel engines after 2030. One way to use this type of engines is to convert them to alternative fuels from renewable energy sources, such as vegetable oils (rapeseed, sunflower and soya bean oils). A significant advantage of vegetable oils is that when they hit the ground, they break down in a couple of weeks. Sulfur oxides are virtually absent due to the small amount of sulfur in vegetable oils in the engine exhaust gases. Other environmental factors include reduced emissions of nitrogen oxides NOx, carbon monoxide CO, unburned hydrocarbons and carbon black C. However, it should be noted that the use of vegetable-based fuel involves problems related to fuel preparation, consideration of physical and chemical properties and proper engine operation and use of arable land for the cultivation of vegetable oils. The article presents the results of experimental studies to determine the effective performance of soybean oil, six cylinder, four-stroke supercharged diesel engine (26 – the diameter of the cylinder, cm; 34 – the piston stroke, cm) produced by "Pervomaiskdieselmash", which is a part of the stationary diesel generator (DGA-900) with the capacity of 900 kW. This diesel engine is with an undivided combustion chamber ("Geselman" type), gas turbine supercharging and intermediate charge air cooling. Soybean oil is more viscous and has better lubrication properties of conjugated vapors and engine components, as a result, the lifespan of the engine and high-pressure fuel pump increases by an average of 60%. However, more viscous soybean oil impairs fuel mixing, spraying and combustion. Starting qualities of the engine also deteriorate. On the other hand, as the temperature rises, the viscosity of soybean oil decreases sharply. The reasons which led to the emergence of the above-mentioned problems have been analysed. In addition, the features and advantages of the cogeneration power plant have been described, which makes it possible to obtain two forms of useful energy at the output such as thermal and electric. The use of cogeneration significantly increases the overall efficiency of the plant; it provides significant opportunities for efficient heat utilization and achieving maximum economic effect.
Integration of Disaster Preparedness Materials in Islamic Education (PAI) Subjects at SD Muhammadiyah Insan Kreatif Kembaran Bantul
Authors: Hamidi Nur , Fajri Chaamid Nur
Published: November 2021

The implementation of the integration of disaster preparedness materials in PAI subjects in SD Muhammadiyah Insan Kreatif Kembaran is an innovation in integrating Islamic religious learning with the context of community needs. The purpose of this research is to reveal the concept of materials for disaster that can be integrated in PAI subjects, their implementation, and the things that support and hinder the integration. This research is a type of field research. The data collection uses interview, observation, and documentation methods. The results of the study explain that: 1) Conceptually, the integration of disaster preparedness materials in PAI subjects is still not mature. 2) From the unfinished concept, the integration of disaster preparedness materials in PAI subjects has not yet been implemented. 3) Supporting factors consist of three factors, namely: experience in integrating disaster preparedness materials with thematic subjects, having many parties to work with, and supporting environmental factors. 4) The inhibiting factors for the integration of disaster preparedness materials in PAI subjects are the change of PAI teachers, the lack of understanding of the DRR program, the lack of socialization from the government about the Disaster Safe Education Unit program, and the lack of information about the integration of disaster preparedness materials in PAI subjects.
Policy Evaluation of Regulation Number 1429 of 2012 Concerning Arrangement of Study Program in the Islamic Religious College and Its Impact on PAI Study Program in IAIN Central Java
Authors: Retnanto Agus , Karim Abdul
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of Islamic Education Regulation Number 1429 of 2012 concerning Study Program Arrangements in Islamic Religious Colleges and their implementation at the Islamic Education Study Program, Faculty of Tarbiyah, Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) in Central Java, namely Islamic Education Study Program (PAI) and Education Management Study Program Islam (MPI).  This research is field research which using qualitative data. The results of the study found four main problems, namely: (1) Policy of Faculty of Tarbiyah at IAIN in developing PAI into the PAI Study Program and MPI Study Program; (2) The efforts of Faculty of Tarbiyah IAIN in developing theIslamic Education Study Program became the PAI Study Program and MPI Study Program; (3) Supporting factors and obstacles faced by Faculty of Tarbiyah, IAIN in developing the Islamic Education Study Program into PAI Study Program and MPI Program Study at Faculty of Tarbiyah IAIN; and (4) Impacts faced by the Faculty of Tarbiyah IAIN and Islamic Education Study Program in developing Islamic Education Study Program into the PAI Study Program and the MPI Study Program of the IAIN Faculty of Tarbiyah.
Bone Marrow Edema
Authors: Tarantino Umberto , Greggi Chiara , Cariati Ida , Caldora Patrizio , Capanna Rodolfo , Capone Antonio , Civinini Roberto , Colagrande Stefano , De Biase Pietro , Falez Francesco , Iolascon Giovanni , Maraghelli Davide , Masi Laura , Cerinic Marco Matucci , Sessa Giuseppe , Brandi Maria L.
Published: November 2021

➤ Bone marrow edema (BME) is a nonspecific but relevant finding, usually indicating the presence of an underlying pathology.

➤ The gold standard technique for detecting BME is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as it allows for a correct diagnosis to be made, which is extremely important given the heterogeneity of BME-related diseases.

➤ Depending on the severity of painful symptomatology and the MRI evidence, different treatment strategies can be followed: physical modalities, pharmacological options, and surgical therapy.
Pengaruh risiko operasional dan tingkat kecukupan modal terhadap profitabilitas pada bank umum swasta nasional di bursa efek indonesia periode 2015-2019
Authors: Aprilita Yuniar Krisma , Suria Manda Gusganda
Published: November 2021

Banks are financial institutions whose activities are to collect funds (money) from the public in the form of deposits. Profitability in a bank is influenced by several factors, including operational risk and the level of capital adequacy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Operational Risk and Capital Adequacy Ratio on Profitability at Bank Milik Swasta Nasional listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the period 2015-2019. This study uses a population of 6 private banks listed on the IDX with a total of 30, sampling on the IDX accessed through the website www.idx.co.id and data obtained in the form of published Private Bank Annual Report. The data analysis technique used is Descriptive Analysis, Classical Assumption Test, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis and Hypothesis Test (t and f test). The results of this study indicate that operational risk has a significant negative effect on profitability, and the level of capital adequacy has a significant positive effect on profitability.
Analisis kesehatan Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (LPD) se-Kabupaten Badung
Authors: Sari A.A Pt. Agung Mirah Purnama , Damayanti Ni Nyoman Sri Rahayu , Putra I Wayan Gde Yogiswara Darma
Published: November 2021

Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (LPD) was established to strengthen the socio-cultural and economic life of the Balinese indigenous people, its implementation is not subject to the central government, but refers to local policies. The purpose of the study was to analyze the health of the LPD in Badung Regency. This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, using secondary data from LPD financial statements for 2017-2019. During 2017–2019 LPDs in the healthy category experienced an increase of 1%, for the fairly healthy category it did not change, the less healthy category increased by 3%, and the unhealthy decreased by 4%. LPD health analysis was measured by CAEL analysis. In 2017, 2018, and 2019 respectively, there were 13, 12, and 9 unhealthy LPDs; 5, 10, and 8 are not healthy; 24, 21, and 24 are quite healthy; and 61, 60, and 62 in the healthy category.
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN DARING TERHADAP MINAT BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VII MTs YASRIB BATU-BATU PADA MASA COVID-19
Authors: Yaya Hidayatullah , Gusniwati  , Buhaerah
Published: November 2021

Artikel ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif. Artikel penelitian kualitatif ini bersifat deskriptif yang menggunakan analisis data kualitatif sehingga menjadi paparan data  mudah dimengerti. Pembelajaran pada sekolah menengah pertama atau madrasah tsanawiyah  (MTs) dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pembelajaran secara daring atau biasa disebut dengan pembelajaran jarak jauh (dari rumah) dengan bimbingan orang tua dan guru di sekolah. Siswa melakukan pembelajaran daring dan berinteraksi dengan guru menggunakan aplikasi Whatsapp Group. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran daring terhadap minat belajar siswa pada masa COVID-19. Responden yang diambil adalah siswa dan guru di MTs Yasrib Batu-batu. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran daring pada masa pandemi COVID-19 sangat berpengaruh terhadap minat belajar siswa, siswa merasa bosan karena tidak bertemu dengan teman dan gurunya secara langsung.
CRISPR-Cas12a Nucleases Function With Structurally Engineered crRNAs – SynThetic trAcrRNA
Authors: Jedrzejczyk Dominika , Poulsen Line Dahl , Mohr Marina , Damas Nkerorema Djodji , Schoffelen Sanne , Barghetti Andrea , Baumgartner Roland , Weinert Brian Tate , Warnecke Tanya , Gill Ryan
Published: November 2021

CRISPR-Cas12a systems are becoming an attractive genome editing tool for cell engineering due to their broader editing capabilities compared to CRISPR-Cas9 counterparts. As opposed to Cas9, the Cas12a endonucleases are characterized by a lack of trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA), which reduces the complexity of the editing system and simultaneously makes CRISPR RNA (crRNA) engineering a promising approach toward further improving and modulating editing activity of the CRISPR-Cas12a systems. Here, we design and validate eleven types of structurally engineered Cas12a crRNAs targeting various immunologically relevant loci in-vitro and in-cellulo. We show that all our structural modifications in the loop region, ranging from engineered breaks (STAR-crRNAs) to large gaps (Gap-crRNAs), as well as nucleotide substitutions, enable gene-cutting in the presence of various Cas12a nucleases. Moreover, we observe similar insertion rates of short HDR templates using the engineered crRNAs compared to the wild-type crRNAs, further demonstrating that the introduced modifications in the loop region lead to comparable genome editing efficiencies. In conclusion, we show for the first time that Cas12a nucleases can broadly utilize structurally engineered crRNAs with breaks or gaps in the otherwise highly-conserved loop region, which could further facilitate a wide range of genome editing applications.
Nephrotoxicity Evaluation and Proteomic Analysis in Kidneys of Rats Exposed to Thioacetamide
Authors: Lim Ji-youn , Jung Woon-Won , Moon Kyoung-Sik , Sul Donggeun
Published: November 2021

Thioacetamide (TAA) was administered orally at 0, 10, and 30 mg/kg bw daily to Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6-7 weeks for 28 consecutive days. The bodyweight decreased, however, the relative organ weights including the liver and kidneys increased. No significant histopathologic abnormalities were found in the kidneys. The numbers of monocytes and platelets were significantly increased, however, the mean corpuscular volume and hematocrit values were decreased significantly in rats exposed to 30 mg/kg bw TAA. The expression levels of Kim-1 and NGAL were increased 4 to 5-fold in the kidney tissue of rats exposed to TAA, resulting in significant nephrotoxicity. Proteomic analysis was conducted and a total of 5221 proteins spots were resolved. Of these, three and 21 protein spots were up- and downregulated in a dose-dependent manner, respectively. The validation of seven proteins was performed by Western blot analysis. The expression level of ASAP2 was significantly upregulated, whereas RGS14, MAP7Dl, IL-3Rα, Tmod1, NQO2, and MUP were reduced. Sixteen isoforms of MUP were found by the 2DE immunoblot assay and were significantly downregulated with increasing exposure to TAA. MUP isoforms were compared in the liver, kidneys, and urine of untreated rats and a total of 43 isoforms were found.
Evaluation of Flavored Cigar Products As They Relate To Questions of Public Health
Authors: Joyce Andrew
Published: November 2021

Background: Flavors in tobacco products is a subject of public health debate and increasing regulatory attention. There is interest in gaining an in-depth understanding of flavored cigar smoking prevalence and behaviors to address the use of flavors in cigars and questions of public health.Methods: Seven publicly available data resources that assess flavored cigar use were analyzed. Two focus on youth tobacco use (NYTS, MTF), four focus on adult tobacco use (HINTS-FDA, NATS, TPRPS, TUS-CPS), and one on both groups (PATH). Available data (2011-2019) were analyzed to assess usage trends over time. In addition, longitudinal analysis of PATH adult data examined whether flavored cigar use was associated with future use of cigarettes or increased use of cigars.Results: Youth past 30-day estimates of cigar use ranged from 2%-10% for both flavored and non-flavored cigars, slightly higher in high school vs. middle school age subpopulations. These estimates have been stable or declined across all survey years within the respective surveys. Consistent trends were observed regarding frequency of use; most youth using cigars do so 1-2 days per month. Similar findings were observed for adult cigar users, with five surveys indicating less than 10% currently use cigars. Flavored cigar use is at less than 5% across all data sources. These overarching use estimates were essentially flat over time. Frequency of youth cigar use remained consistent over time, with most youth reporting cigar use on 1-2 days per month. In addition, multivariable modeling of PATH adult data did not identify an association between flavored cigar use and future use of cigarettes or increased use of cigars.Conclusions: No evidence was found of increased use or different usage patterns, among either youth or adults, of flavored cigars vs. non-flavored cigars. While these trends should continue to be monitored, there is no indication of existing or emerging public health concerns related to flavored cigars within the seven large, nationally representative, US government-funded epidemiologic databases examined.
Data Collection on Donor-Supported Health Workers: Lessons Learned From Improving Health Workforce Data Supported by the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)
Authors: Ackerman Sarah , Hoover Jerilyn , Heinrich Lauren , Dunlap Erin , Muraleetharan Ohvia , Godbole Ramona , Frymus Diana
Published: November 2021

The Global Strategy on Human Resources for Health: Workforce 2030 has called for the improvement of health workforce data and implementation of health workforce registries. It is critical to capture the health workforce supported by donors in order to have a complete understanding of the health workforce across countries. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) developed an innovative pilot human resources for health (HRH) data collection system (including a data entry template and structured dataset) to collect HRH data for the health workforce supported by the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). The pilot system filled HRH data gaps in nine key countries, providing valuable insight for program planning. The implementation details of this exercise can be used as a case study on collecting and applying data on health workers, including those supported by donor funding.
The Effect of COVID-19 Infection on the Aerobic Capacity of Professional Soccer Players.
Authors: Parpa Koulla , Michaelides Marcos
Published: November 2021

This investigation assessed the effect of COVID-19 on the aerobic capacity of professional soccer players who have tested positive. Twenty-one division-1 elite soccer players (age 24.24±5.75 years, height 178.21±5.44 cm, weight 74.12±5.21 kg) participated in this study. This observational study compared the same players' aerobic capacity pre-, and 60-days post COVID-19 recovery. The statistical analysis demonstrated that the infected players had significantly lower VO2max values [t(20)=5.17, p<0.01, d=0.613 (medium effect)], and significantly lower VO2 values at RC [t(20)= 2.97, p<0.05, d= 0.39 (small effect)] after recovery. Furthermore, results indicated a significantly lower running time (RT) on the treadmill [t(20)=4.84, p<0.01, d=0.46 (small effect)] when compared to the results that were obtained before they got infected. In addition, velocity at VO2max (VVO2max) was significantly lower [t(20)=2.34, p<0.05, d=0.41 (small effect)] and the heart rate values at LT [t(20)= -2.79, p<0.01, d= 0.55 (medium effect)] and RC [t(20)= -3.72, p<0.01, d= 0.52 (medium effect)] were significantly higher post recovery. The aforementioned findings indicate that post COVID-19 soccer players may not reach full recovery at two months. Therefore, our results should alert practitioners and fitness coaches of the risk of longer-duration silent symptoms even in athletes that experience mild to moderate manifestations.