bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A prospective study of inflammatory biomarkers in neonatal sepsis at a tertiary level hospital
Authors: Paimode Sandeep D. , Sharma Kuldeep Kumar , Kour Navjot
Published: March 2020

Background: Sepsis in neonates is a syndrome which is characterized clinically by systemic symptoms or signs of infection and associated with bacteremia in the first 28 days of life. More than 40% of under-five deaths globally occur in the neonatal period, resulting in 3.1 million newborn deaths each year. Procalcitonin (PCT) is an early diagnostic tool for neonatal sepsis.Methods: Present prospective cross- sectional observational study was conducted at NICU of Base hospital, Delhi Cantonment from 1st Dec 2016 to Jan 31st, 2018. Universal sampling technique was followed. SPSS version 21 was used for statistical analysis. A p-value of less than 0.05 was taken as significant.Results: Out of the total 440 cases, 63% were males while rest 37% were females.  Mean gestation age and birth weight of the babies was 35.6 weeks and 2.13 Kg respectively. Raised/ decreased Total Leucocyte Count (TLC) and raised pro calcitonin levels were seen in 23% and 19.8% cases respectively.Conclusions: These results indicated that the sensitivity of procalcitonin was higher than TLC for the diagnosis of culture proven neonatal sepsis. Hence, PCT is a more sensitive and useful biomarker for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.
Clinical profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of typhoid fever in children: a hospital based prospective study from a tertiary care center
Authors: V. Shekar , Soren Chapay , V. V. Lakshmi Aparnadevi , M. Umadevi , Vanka Malathi
Published: March 2020

Background: Typhoid fever is a serious public-health problem in many developing countries including India. There is a wide spectrum of clinical presentation and with the emergence of multidrug resistant typhoid now a days, the treatment has become still more complex. The present study authors describe the clinical profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of typhoid fever in children from a tertiary care in Mahabubnagar, Telangana, South India.Methods: This hospital based prospective observational study was done in Department of Pediatrics, SVS Medical College, Mahabubnagar, Telangana over a period of 3-year period from January 2017 to December 2019. The study was approved by institutional ethics committee. Written informed consent was obtained from children’s parents. All pediatric patients diagnosed as typhoid fever if presented with fever (temperature >38ºC) for at least 3 days with positive blood culture for S. typhi or paratyphi were included in the study. The demographic profile and clinical data were recorded and tests including antibiotic sensitivity and resistance were done.Results: A total of 136 patients were included in the study. Majority of the children were between 8 to 12-year age group (38.2%). Out of 136 children, 78 were males and 58 were females. Majority of the cases were from rural areas accounting for 69%. Drinking water source was tap water in 63% cases and bore well water in 37% cases. Majority (65%) belonged to lower socioeconomic class and 68% were during rainy seasons. The clinical findings observed were fever (100%), vomiting (98, 72%), diarrhea (55.8%), headache (45.5%), and splenomegaly (42.6%). Other clinical features found were coated tongue, abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, constipation, and dehydration. Six children had complications, 3 had enteric hepatitis, 2 had shock, and 1 had encephalopathy. Ampicillin, amoxicillin and chloramphenicol resistance was observed in 76%, 71% and 22% of patients with typhoid fever respectively. Maximum sensitivity was observed with ceftriaxone (95%), followed by aztreonam (92%), ciprofloxacin (84.5%), and azithromycin (77%).Conclusions: Clinical presentation in the study subjects was similar to available reports from literature. Increasing resistance of salmonella to Ampicillin and amoxicillin were observed.
Diagnostic value of polymerase chain reaction targeting insertion sequence IS1081 for the diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis
Authors: Firoz Shehraz , Bhatt Sonia
Published: March 2020

Background: Aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of PCR targeting IS1081in diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis and compare the results with MGIT culture.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the department of pediatrics, S.N. medical college, Agra. 100 subjects (28 pulmonary 72 extra pulmonary) were registered in study. The specimens obtained from these cases were subjected to Ziehl–Neelsen staining (ZN), MGIT 960 TB culture and PCR targeting insertion sequence IS1081. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of PCR were calculated in pulmonary and extra pulmonary specimens. The results of PCR IS1081 were compared to MGIT culture.Results: Microscopy with ZN staining was positive in 12 (12%) samples. MGIT culture was positive in 44% samples with maximum positivity in sputum (70%). PCR IS1081 has shown 93.3% sensitivity in pulmonary tuberculosis, while PCR IS1081 has shown 93.1% sensitivity in extra pulmonary tuberculosis.  In diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis PCR IS1081 was found to be statistically significant (p value <0.05) as compared with MGIT culture. Result was statistically significant (p value <0.05) in CSF samples only.Conclusions: The study concluded that the PCR targeting sequence IS1081 technique is the most sensitive technique for a quick identification of MTB in pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis.
Compliance with 14 day zinc therapy for acute diarrhoea: a prospective observational study
Authors: Veerapandiyan Ajayprakash , Pandit Deepti , Sridharan Sujatha , Umadevi L.
Published: March 2020

Background: Acute diarrheal diseases remain a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality in young children. The effective implementation of provision of zinc in addition to low osmolarity ORS remains very poor.Methods: A prospective observational study was done to determine compliance with zinc therapy on 103 children aged between two months to five years with acute gastroenteritis. They were started on WHO ORS and zinc in the form of syrup (20 mg/day in those >6 months of age and 10mg/day in those <6 months of age) and advised to continue for 14 days. Further episodes of diarrhea was considered as the primary outcome variable. Number of days zinc taken was considered as the primary explanatory variable. p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The mean age was 19.49±14.41 months. The compliance to complete 14-day zinc therapy was 62.14%.  The mean number of days zinc was taken was 11.28±3.81 days. In 11.65% of participants, there was further episodes of diarrhea. The main reasons for discontinuation were diarrhea stopped (45%), Ignorance (37.5%), URI (12.5%).Conclusions: Findings indicate that the syrup formulation is acceptable, but further efforts are required to enhance adherence. These findings also highlight the importance of guiding in ensuring adherence to zinc duration while also addressing the tendency of caregivers to terminate treatment once a child appears to have recovered from an acute diarrheal episode.
Role of urinary nitrites in predicting steroid responsiveness of nephrotic syndrome: a study conducted in tertiary care center
Authors: Kodandapani Yerroju , Varahala Ajay Mohan , Songa Rajesh Kumar
Published: March 2020

Background: Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) is a common chronic disorder, characterized by alterations of selective permeability at the glomerular capillary wall, resulting in its inability to restrict the urinary loss of protein. Urinary nitrite excretion serves as a useful investigation in differentiating between steroid responsive and steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome. The aim of the study was to assess the relation between urinary nitrite levels and steroid responsiveness in nephrotic syndrome in children.Methods: 76 children were enrolled in the study suffering with nephrotic syndrome of which 58 children were Steroid Sensitive (SSNS) and 18 were Steroid Resistant (SRNS). 25 children were enrolled as controls. The urinary nitrites were estimated in these subjects and the results were analyzed.Results: All the control subjects were tested negative for urinary nitrites. After achieving remission with steroids, out of 58 SSNS subjects’ 27 subjects tested positive for urinary nitrites, remaining 31 tested negatives for the same. Of the 18 SRNS subjects 1 subject tested positive for urinary nitrites remaining 17 subjects were tested negative for the same.Conclusions: The findings of present study suggest that urinary nitrite excretion is increased in patients with steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome. The urinary nitrite estimation has low NPV and high PPV in predicting steroid responsiveness.
Assessment of pSOFA-L score in predicting the clinical outcome of critically ill children
Authors: Kumbar Shrishail , . Chandrashekhara
Published: March 2020

Background: Recently Pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (pSOFA) score was adapted and validated in critically ill children to predict the clinical outcome. This study was aimed to evaluate the lactate level association with the outcome and thereby formulating pSOFA-L score to predict the clinical outcome better in critically ill children.Methods: This hospital based prospective, observational, analytical study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, A. J Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka. Requirement of oxygen, inotrope support and other parameters were studied and compared the score with clinical outcome. A total of 75 cases were studied.Results: In this study total of 51 children had high serum lactate levels (68%). Out of 28 expired children 23 children had higher serum lactate levels that accounts for about 82.14% which is statistically significant (p<0.001). ROC curve of pSOFA-L score in predicting the mortality yielded AUC: 0.92 and cut off value: 10.5 which is statistically significant (p<0.001). In the present study mortality rate was 26.09% in children whose pSOFA-L score was less than 9 and mortality rate of 38.89% and 50.00% in children whose pSOFA-L score was 9 to 11 and more than 11 respectively.Conclusions: In this study increase in pSOFA-L score is associated with high mortality and poor outcome. The findings of the present study validate and emphasize that, pSOFA-L score helps in accurate prediction of mortality of critically ill children.
Ketoacidosis as a presenting symptom of diabetes in a eighteen month old infant: a case report
Authors: Mohan Amrita , A. Sunkad M. , B. Javali S. , Vernekar Sowmya , Hidakal Shilpa
Published: March 2020

There is a world-wide trend in rise of diabetes cases. There is also rise in the trend of any one person getting diabetes at an early age. However, diabetes is fairly less common in children less than 5 years. The manifestation of diabetes too can be peculiar in very young children. Then managed as per standard protocol, results can be rewarding. Ours is secondary healthcare facility with all diagnostic equipment and consultants available round the clock. Authors describe one case finding of diabetic ketoacidosis. The baby aged 18 months presented with cold, cough, fever and air hunger (breathing deeply), referred by family doctor. The prompt diagnosis, rehydration, insulin infusion helped in recovery. Complete blood tests confirmed the presence of random blood sugar 345mg%, pH 7.05, Ketone bodies present in urine. While there was Leukocytosis, tests for Dengue Fever and Typhoid were negative.Identification of ketoacidosis and prompt treatment can save children.
Non RhD isoimmunization causing severe hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn in Rh positive pregnancies: report of 2 cases with review of literature
Authors: Sharma Geetika , Pahuja Sangeeta , Singh Deeksha , . Ramvilash , . Manisha
Published: March 2020

Anti D immunoprophylaxis widespread use in antenatal patients has led to dramatic reduction in the rates of alloimmunization due to anti D, which is the most common Rh antibody causing severe Hemolytic Disease of Fetus and New born (HDFN). However, there has been increase in the rates of non Rh D antibodies causing alloimmunization in pregnant women and leading to moderate to severe HDFN. We hereby report two cases of neonates presenting with moderate to severe HDFN with strongly positive DAT due to Rh anti-c antibody in Rh-positive mothers. Thus, antenatal antibody screening should be done in all Rh-positive pregnant women to prevent the diagnostic delay of HDFN occurring due to Non anti-D isoimmunization in the fetus.
Five-year girl with advanced lupus nephritis and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: V. Kishore S. , Barman Sucheta , Pradhan Subal Kumar
Published: March 2020

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) are two common auto immune disorder occurring in children which can involve the renal system. The condition when occurs simultaneously in a child and its effects and follow up on the kidneys and its management have been mentioned here. A five-year-old girl was presented with low grade fever, dryness of mouth and bilateral pain over knee joints over four months. She had facial puffiness, mild bilateral pedal edema, and ascites on admission. She was treated immunosuppressive medications following a renal biopsy and insulin for IDDM
Health status of adolescent school going children with special reference to waist hip ratio
Authors: Vasavada Halak J. , Patel Snehal V. , Patel Purvi R. , Mehta Heli S.
Published: March 2020

Background: A school is a key location for educating adolescents about health, hygiene and nutrition. Adolescence is period of critical development and transition. These changes have important implications for health. Aims and objectives of the stud was to study the role of WHR in nutritional assessment in adolescent school children and compare it with BMI as an assessment tool and to study nutritional status of municipal and private school.Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in 10-17-year-old school children in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. There were 2 private and 2 municipal schools selected randomly by purposive sampling. Child absent or not well on the day of study were excluded.Results: Incidence of obesity is 42.9% and 57.1% in municipal and private school respectively. Incidence of overweight is 47.2% and 52.8% in municipal and private schools respectively. (2.9%) adolescents had BMI range of 25-29.9 which is considered to be overweight. However, the percentage of overweight and obese was raised at 28% and 23.5% respectively when classified as per WHR.Conclusions: The difference between incidence of overweight and obesity in private and municipal schools were not statistically significant. A combination of increase BMI with increase WHR is a stronger indicator of increase health risk.
Haematological profile and its outcome in different species of malaria: a two year study
Authors: Gangaram Usham , Dorasanamma Malli , Sarikonda Giri Raju , Ramya Tupili
Published: March 2020

Background: Malaria is a major health problem in many parts of India and some parts of Andhra Pradesh, which is also one of the endemic areas for malaria. Several factors have been attributed to increased morbidity and mortality in malaria especially with altered hematological and coagulation parameters playing an important role. The aim of present study was to study the hematological and coagulation abnormalities that correspond to severity and the final outcome.Methods: The present study was    carried out on 100    patients admitted during the period of November 2016 to October 2018 at Narayana Medical College and hospital, Nellore. All of these patients were confirmed by Peripheral Smear or MPQBC or Antigen Assay   followed by detailed clinical history, physical examination and investigated with hematological and coagulation parameters. Then subsequently required routine and special investigation which was followed by monitoring the outcome of the patients with respect to morbidity and mortality.Results: Out of 100 patients 20 patients had severe anemia (Hb% <7 gm%) and most of them patients were falciparum and mixed infection cases. Thrombocytopenia was observed in 63% of the patients and severe thrombocytopenia (<50,000 mm3) was seen in 12% of the patients. PT and APTT were increased in 18% and 13% of the cases respectively. BT was increased in 5% of the cases.  None of the patients expired in this study.Conclusions: severe anemia is a poor prognostic factor and has adverse outcome. Thrombocytopenia, increased PT, APTT does not have any correlation to mortality.
Study of thyroid dysfunction in metabolic syndrome in patients of Amalapuram, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Vara Ranjith , Raj Arugolanu Prudhvi , Maske Pravin Gulab Rao
Published: March 2020

Background: Both metabolic syndrome and thyroid dysfunction are associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic heart disease. The present study was conducted to study the Association of thyroid dysfunction and Metabolic syndrome and to find out the type of thyroid dysfunction in metabolic syndrome patients.Methods: Sixty cases were defined according to the IDF Criteria. Detailed history and necessary investigations like fasting blood sample was analyzed for total triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), lipid profile, and blood glucose were undertaken.Results: In this study population of metabolic syndrome cases, the thyroid dysfunction is present in 16.7% patients. Among the thyroid dysfunction, sub clinical hypothyroidism is highly prevalent - 11.7%, The hypothyroidism is 3.3% prevalent in metabolic syndrome patients (one patient had TSH levels of more than 150 mU/L) and sub clinical hyperthyroidism is 1.7% prevalent. There were no overt hyperthyroidism patients in the study.Conclusions: This study clearly shows that, one sixth of metabolic syndrome patients or every sixth metabolic syndrome had hypothyroidism either overt or subclinical. This finding indicates a need for investigating the presence of Thyroid dysfunction during managing metabolic syndrome patients
A study of Vitamin D deficiency in patients of sickle cell disease and its association with severity
Authors: Chennamasetti Kaumudi , Muley Arti
Published: March 2020

Background: Both SCD and Vit. D deficiency may cause joint pain. So, Vit. D may have a contributory role in severity of SCD presentation. This study was performed to assess burden of Vitamin D levels and association of vitamin D deficiency with severity of SCD in a tertiary care centre in India.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, performed for one and half year. All SCD patients >18 years of age were included. Data was analysed to assess the burden of Vitamin D deficiency and to find out any correlation of S. vitamin D level with anemia, jaundice and number of episodes of hospital admissions in patients of SCD.Results: Total 50 patients were included. Multiple joint pain and easy fatigability were the most common symptoms. Most of them had history of jaundice and anaemia in the past, 84% had Vitamin D deficiency.  There was significant difference in values of serum total bilirubin, blood urea, SGPT, SGOT, HbF, HbA2 and haemoglobin between the patients with Vitamin D3<30 and vitamin D3≥30 (p<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation of vitamin D3 with haemoglobin (r = 0.889) and a negative correlation with Hb A2 (r= -0.123) and total bilirubin (r= -0.438).Conclusions: Vitamin D3 deficiency is associated with increased morbidity in SCD in terms of joint pain, anemia and jaundice. Routine testing and supplementation of Vitamin D levels in these patients may help to alleviate pain, improve functionality and reduce complications.
A study of clinical profile of renal involvement in diabetic patients in correlation with diabetes complication at tertiary care center, Gujarat, India
Authors: Kosamiya Virendra , Gosai Niyati
Published: March 2020

Background: The chronic complications of diabetes are broadly divided into microvascular and macrovascular, with the former having much higher prevalence than latter. Microvascular complications include neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy. Objectives of the study was to assess the clinical and biochemical profile of renal involvement in diabetic patient and complications due to diabetes mellites.Methods: This was a hospital based prospective study done in which total of 250 cases attended and admitted at general medicine department, Government Medical College, Sir. T. Hospital, Bhavnagar. Study included Diabetic patient having age - >12 years, Both Gender and Patient who gives consent for study.Results: Almost 54.8% having age between 41-60 years, Male: female ratio 0.87:1 and 44.0% were to ‘obese 2’ Body mass index (BMI) category. Around 22.4% participants have retinopathy, 30.0% have anemia, 62.4% have HTN and 26.8% have Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD). Almost 59.6% participants have S. creatinine level was 1.3 to 4 mg/dL and 43.6% have stage 5 of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).Conclusions: Incidence of DM Nephropathy increase with age. With increasing numbers of years of diagnosed DM, the chances of DM Nephropathy are increased and as the duration of DM as well as duration of uncontrolled glycemia increases GFR decreases and DM Nephropathy progresses. HbA1c is a useful marker to account for the glycemic control over the past months, and hence the better indicator to the development as well as progression of DM Nephropathy.
Correlation of serum uric acid with severity of airflow limitation in the patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Kumar Sujit , Nishad Vimal Kumar , Shukla Amitabh Das , Chaudhary Santosh Kumar
Published: March 2020

Background: Serum uric acid (sUA) levels were previously found to be correlated with hypoxic states. We aimed to determine the levels of sUA in COPD patients and to evaluate whether sUA level can be used as predictors of exacerbation risk and disease severity.Methods: This cross-sectional study included COPD patients and healthy controls. The sUA levels in each group were evaluated and their correlations with the study parameters were investigated. ROC analyses for exacerbation risk were reported.Results: The study included 106 COPD patients and 110 healthy controls. The mean sUA levels were significantly higher in patients with COPD compared to healthy controls (p<0.05). Mean sUA levels were compared with different stages of COPD according to GOLD criteria. Stage 4 COPD subjects had highest sUA levels compared to other stages. Statistically significant trend was observed for GOLD staging of disease (p<0.05). Surprisingly non-smokers were having higher uric acid level than smokers (p<0.05). The ROC analyses indicated that sUA levels can be useful in predicting exacerbation risk (AUC, 0.412) especially at higher cut-off values, but with low specificity.Conclusions: Study suggested that sUA levels increased in patients with COPD compared to healthy controls. At higher cut-off values sUA levels might be useful in predicting COPD exacerbation risk and disease severity. However, more prospective cohort studies with large number of participants are needed to further analyse the possible different prognostic roles of hyperuricemia.
Study of occupational health hazards in sawmill workers in central India
Authors: Azmi Unaiza , Azmi Tanzeem
Published: March 2020

Background: Occupational lung diseases are occurring at an increasingly significant level in India and the prevalence is particularly high in sawmill workers. The present study evaluated effects of sawdust on the lung functions of sawmill workers.Methods: In this prevalence study, 50 sawmill workers and equal number of age-sex matched controls were enrolled. Pulmonary function test parameters of all the participants were recorded by spirometry. Relevant comparisons were drawn between the groups.Results: Mean FVC of cases was 3.02±0.68 litres and of controls was 3.39±0.56 litres. Mean FEV1 of cases was 2.28±0.79 litres and of controls was 2.76±0.61 litres. Mean FEV1/FVC ratio of cases was 74.22±12.92% and of controls was 80.81±7.83. Mean PEFR of cases was 6.44±1.45 litres/second and of controls was 7.18±1.15 litres/second. Mean FEF 25-75 % of cases was 3.06±0.83 litres/second and of controls 3.53±0.71 litres/second. All the results were statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: Sawmill workers are more vulnerable to respiratory impairment due to saw-dust exposure in the workplace environment. Efforts are recommended to control the levels of dust to within safe occupational limits.
A study of thyroid dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at new civil hospital, Surat, Gujarat, India
Authors: Kumar Kunal D. , Solu Mahesh G. , Kakadiya Ankit P. , Patel Arpit V. , Ramawat Sumer S. , . Vishwakiran
Published: March 2020

Background: Thyroid diseases and diabetes mellitus, as comorbid condition these together throw a great burden to medicine and humanity. Considering the ever increasing population of diabetics in our country and the significant causal relationship established by current literature, this study was undertaken.Methods: A thorough clinical history regarding diabetes mellitus (onset, duration), any history of long-term illness, any previous thyroid dysfunction, previous history of any kind of drug therapy, whether the patient was on insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs was sought. All diabetic patients were evaluated for thyroid dysfunction by testing thyroid profile (T3, T4 and TSH).Results: In the present study, out of the 100 diabetic patients, 18 (18%) patients had thyroid dysfunction and 82 (82%) patients were found to be euthyroid. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction more in females as compared to males (68.75% vs 31.25%) and highest in the age group of >60 years. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction found to be more in patients with HbA1C >7 as compared to patients with HbA1C <7. Out of 18 diabetic patients who had thyroid dysfunction, 05 (27.78%) had duration of diabetes >1 - 5 years and 08 (44.44%) had duration of diabetes 6 - 10 years. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction found to be more in patients who had BMI >30 and patients who were on both oral hypoglycaemic agents and insulin.Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus which found to be more in Females, Elderly patients, Patients with uncontrolled diabetes and BMI > 30.
A review of role of lung ultrasound and clinical congestion score in acute left ventricular failure
Authors: P. Praveen M. , Shanmugam Lokesh , Prasath P. Arun
Published: March 2020

Congestive cardiac failure (CCF) is a worldwide phenomenon and affects millions of people years and is accompanied with high mortality. The present review is undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of Lung Ultrasound Scan in diagnosis and to identify its role as a marker of clinical outcome in patients with Acute LVF. A review of literature was done to find the role of lung ultrasound and clinical congestion score in acute left ventricular failure from search engines such as PubMed, google scholar. Major exclusion criteria were the studies that included patients with Right Ventricular Failure, renal insufficiency, other respiratory causes of breathlessness like pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax and pleural effusion. This review concluded that lung ultrasonography is as a rapid, non-invasive, bedside tool for the diagnosis and risk assessment of pulmonary congestion in Acute LVF.
Planning and Process Management of Industrial Enterprises: Problems and Organizational and Technical Solutions
Authors: Lyakhovich D.G.
Published: March 2020

Based on the results of the analysis of problems and organizational and technical solutions for planning and process managing of industrial enterprises, presented in the scientific reports of the section "Economics and management in high technologies" of the Russian conference of young scientists and specialists (with international participation) "Future of machine building in Russia", held with September 24 to September 27, 2019 at the BMSTU, the relevance of the development of scientific research of the specialty "Organization of production" is substantiated: development of scientific, methodological and system-technical principles for increasing the efficiency of functioning and the quality of organization of production systems; analysis and synthesis of organizational and technical solutions; development of methods and tools for planning and managing production processes and their results.
A Study of the Influence of Electron Beam Welding Defects on Fracture Processes in Titanium Alloys
Authors: Grigoriev V.V. , Muravyev V.I. , Bakhmatov P.V.
Published: March 2020

The appearance of pores when welding titanium has been extensively studied by domestic and foreign researchers, but there has been no consensus on the causes and conditions of pore formation to date. An overview of advances in the studies of pore formation showed that the problem of formation of the macropores, reaching 0.1 mm was investigated by A.A. Erokhin, V.V. Frolov, G.D. Nikiforov, S.M. Gurevich, V.N. Locks, V.I. Muravyev, B.I. Dolotov, P.V. Bakhmatov et al. The advent of modern x-ray machines in the technological control of permanent joints made by electron beam welding has enabled researchers to detect a specific defect — the so-called dark bands, which make it difficult to assess the quality of permanent connections due to the absence of this defect in the normative and technical documentation. Determining the causes of specific defects and their effect on the properties of titanium alloy structures made by electron beam welding is an important task. This paper presents the results of studies investigating the effect of specific defects of electron beam welding of titanium alloys VT20, VT23 on the nature of destruction under static and dynamic loads and changes in the mechanical properties of the welded joints. It is established that specific defects occurred during electron beam welding have a significant impact on the strength properties of welded joints, as well as on the stages of their destruction. It is determined that the presence of such welding defects as lack of penetration, residual stresses and pores in the fusion zone, expulsion without bonding, etc. contribute to the formation of sub-micropores that lead to brittle destruction of welded joints. The presence of specific defects in permanent joints made by electron beam welding leads to decreased strength properties and to nearly complete absence of such characteristics as elongation and contraction. It is established that heat treatment improves the quality of welded joints.
Experimental Studies of the Rotational Speed Automatic Control System for Locomotive Engine Shafts
Authors: Markov V.A. , Furman V.V. , Plakhov S.V. , Sa Bowen
Published: March 2020

This study addresses the problem of selecting the optimal structure and parameters of an electronic rotational speed controller for the crankshaft of a locomotive engine. An electronic control system of fuel supply ESUVT.01 developed by OOO PPP Dizelavtomatika (Saratov) for the locomotive diesel engine D50 manufactured by OAO Penzadizelmash is presented in the paper. Experimental studies were conducted to evaluate the impact of the structure and parameters of the system on dynamic properties of the engine. Bench tests were conducted on a diesel generator unit 1-PDG4D consisting of a diesel engine D50 and a traction generator MPT-84/39. As the result of the testing, equations describing dependencies of the transient process duration, overspeeding during the transient process and the free period on the parameters of the proportional-and-integral controller were obtained. The study confirmed the need to optimise the values of the coefficients of the proportional and integral components of the proportional-and-integral governing law and adjust them in accordance with the operational mode of the diesel engine. An appropriate optimisation method was proposed. Optimised values of these coefficients for the transient process of the studied diesel engine acceleration with regard to the locomotive characteristic were obtained.
The Efficiency of Closed-Cycle Gas Turbines Controlled by Different Methods and Programs
Authors: Molyakov V.D. , Kunikeev B.A. , Troitskiy N.I.
Published: March 2020

Closed-cycle gas turbine units can be used as power plants for advanced nuclear power stations, spacecraft, ground, surface and underwater vehicles. The purpose and power capacity of closed gas turbine units (CGTU) determine their specific design schemes, taking into account efficient operation of the units both in the nominal (design) mode and in partial power modes. Control methods of both closed and open gas turbine units depend on the scheme and design of the installation but the former differ from the latter mainly in their ability to change gas pressure at the entrance to the low-pressure compressor. This pressure can be changed by controlling the mass circulating in the CGTU circuit, adding or releasing part of the working fluid from the closed system as well as by internal bypassing of the working fluid. At a constant circulating mass in the single-shaft CGTU, the temperature of the gas before the turbines and the shaft speed can be adjusted depending on the type of load. The rotational speed of the turbine shaft, blocked with the compressor, can be adjusted in specific ways, such as changing the cross sections of the flow of the impellers. At a constant mass of the working fluid, the pressure at the entrance to the low-pressure compressor varies depending on the control program. The efficiency of the CGTU in partial power modes depends on the installation scheme, control method and program. The most economical control method is changing the pressure in the circuit. Extraction of the working fluid into special receivers while maintaining the same temperature in all sections of the unit leads to a proportional decrease in the density of the working fluid in all sections and the preservation of gas-dynamic similarity in the nodes (compressors, turbines and pipelines). Specific heat flux rates, and therefore, temperatures change slightly in heat exchangers. As the density decreases, heat fluxes change, as the heat transfer coefficient decreases more slowly than the density of the working fluid. With a decrease in power, this leads to a slight increase in the degree of regeneration and cooling in the heat exchangers. The underestimation of these phenomena in the calculations can be compensated by the underestimation of the growth of losses in partial power modes.
An Experimental Study to Determine Mechanical and Thermophysical Characteristics of Thin-Walled Carbon Plastic Antenna Reflectors
Authors: Novikov A.D. , Reznik S.V. , Denisov O.V.
Published: March 2020

High requirements are imposed on the mass and dimensional stability of reflectors of onboard mirror space antennas in promising communication satellites. To meet these requirements, new design and layout schemes for reflectors using composite materials are being developed. The use of flat reinforced carbon fabric composites in these designs is of particular interest. A technique is developed for the experimental determination of mechanical and thermophysical characteristics of the carbon fiber used in a thin-walled shell (0.6 mm) of the onboard space antenna reflector. Data are obtained on the elastic modulus of the carbon fiber based on Aspro-A80 carbon fabric and Huntsman Araldite LY8615 US/XB 5173 Hardener epoxy compound in two directions. The thermal conductivity of the material in the plane of reinforcement is determined.
Simulación de condiciones de operación y fluidos de trabajo para ciclos Rankine orgánicos
Authors: Hernández-Fernández Nerio José , Zumalacárregui-de Cárdenas Lourdes , Pérez-Ones Osney
Published: March 2020

En el presente trabajo se comparan condiciones de operación para diferentes fluidos en ciclos de Rankine orgánicos, que utilicen energías de bajo grado. Los fluidos estudiados fueron: R152a (1,1-difluroetano), R-290 (propano), R-600a (2-metilpropano o isobutano), R-744 (dióxido de carbono), y R-1270 (propileno). Se realizó la simulación del ciclo de Rankine orgánico y de sus modificaciones: ciclo con recalentamiento intermedio, ciclo de regeneración y ciclo con recalentamiento y regeneración. Se usó el simulador de procesos HYSYS v3.2. Los mejores resultados se alcanzaron para el ciclo con regeneración, aunque los rendimientos térmicos fueron inferiores al 10%. Se simularon condiciones de operación que permitieran superar este valor, lo cual se logró con el refrigerante R-600a en el ciclo Rankine con regeneración, que opere entre 3 500 kPa y 150 ºC a la entrada de la turbina, y 700 kPa en el condensador. Con ello se obtiene un rendimiento térmico de 15,33% y se producen 7,11 kW de potencia eléctrica.
Efectos del desplazamiento forzado sobre el acceso a la educación en Colombia
Authors: Castiblanco-Castro Carolina Andrea
Published: March 2020

El conflicto armado en Colombia trajo consigo diferentes tipos de violaciones de los derechos humanos, entre ellas el desplazamiento forzado de millones de personas. Una de las causas más recurrentes del conflicto es el acrecimiento de la pobreza, promovida por los bajos niveles educativos. En esta investigación se busca conocer el comportamiento del acceso a los diferentes niveles de escolaridad, de las personas desplazadas forzosamente. La metodología se basa en una exploración de los principales indicadores sobre educación, tomados del Portal de Datos Abiertos del gobierno colombiano, junto con un análisis normativo que permite identificar la evolución de la política pública sobre desplazamiento. Se encontró que al nivel de primaria accede el 8%, al nivel de secundaria el 5% y al nivel de educación superior, no accede más del 2% de personas en condición de desplazamiento forzado interno. Se concluye que, dado que solo el 15% de los desplazados acceden a la educación formal, existe una gran vulnerabilidad de estos grupos poblacionales, lo que prolonga la pobreza intergeneracional, aumentando las posibilidades de generar malestar social.
Laboratorio de innovación social: hibridación creativa entre las necesidades sociales y las experiencias significativas de los estudiantes de administración de empresas
Authors: Hernández-Gil Cristian , Jaramillo-Gaitán Fabio Andrés
Published: March 2020

Se realizó, en el Programa de Administración de Empresas de la Universidad de la Amazonia, una investigación de corte cualitativo, con estudiantes de último semestre. El objetivo fue la aplicación de un laboratorio de innovación social, en el curso de ética empresarial, para fomentar la hibridación creativa entre las necesidades sociales de la ciudad de Florencia y los aprendizajes significativos de los estudiantes. El diseño metodológico utilizado fue la investigación-acción, en el cual participaron setenta estudiantes, elegidos a través de un muestreo no probabilístico. Los resultados arrojados fueron la invención de diferentes prototipos que los sujetos crearon a partir de la problemática planteada en el laboratorio. La mayoría de estos artefactos simbolizaron la fuerza o el poder como principal elemento para sensibilizar por el respeto a la vida. Se recomienda seguir desarrollando estas estrategias formativas, para promover en los futuros profesionales del saber administrativo, habilidades que solucionen dificultades no solo empresariales sino sociales, reforzando el trabajo en equipo, la creatividad y la capacidad para innovar.
Fenomenología-hermenéutica de la investigación formativa. El formador de formadores: de la imposición a la transformación
Authors: Iriarte-Pupo Alberto Jesús
Published: March 2020

El objetivo de la indagación fue el develar el significado que los maestros en formación, pertenecientes a tres Escuelas Normales Superiores (ENS), de Sucre, Colombia, confieren a la investigación formativa. El abordaje teórico se instaura desde una postura basada en la fenomenología-hermenéutica. Las técnicas de recolección de información fueron: entrevista en profundidad, descripción de la experiencia vivida y observación participante. La muestra fue intencional, con diez estudiantes de últimos semestres. En los resultados se identificaron dos subtemas: Lo paradójico y extraño, y del formador transformativo. En el primero se presentan narrativas sobre tres procesos vivenciales, relacionados con: el cambio de docente, el cambio de la idea inicial de investigación (por imposición) y la percepción de un formador como extraño o raro. En el segundo, se describen experiencias con formadores que promueven la autonomía, la actitud de indagación y la libertad de tomar decisiones. En conclusión, los participantes del estudio conciben la investigación formativa, como: un proceso sistemático y jerárquico, en el que se pueden indagar condiciones relativas a la educación, la pedagogía y la didáctica
¿Es rentable la formación universitaria en Colombia?: una estimación
Authors: Gil-León José Mauricio , Casas-Herrera Julián Augusto , Lemus-Vergara Andrea Yaelt
Published: March 2020

Este documento tiene por objetivo estimar los retornos de la educación universitaria de la población ocupada en Colombia, diferenciando por departamento y nivel educativo, con datos de la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares de 2015, a través de la ecuación de Mincer, incluyendo el efecto sheepskins que permite capturar las distintas recompensas que otorga obtener un título. Además, se hizo un análisis de beneficio-costo para determinar la rentabilidad de realizar una carrera universitaria en Colombia. Los resultados indican que existe un bajo porcentaje de ocupados con título universitario, a pesar de que en Colombia sí es rentable realizar una carrera ya que, si se ingresa al mercado laboral, contando con un título de educación superior, se tendrá una rentabilidad media de 11,2% para hombres y 9,1% para mujeres
Detección de pesticidas en el durazno (prunus pérsica) mediante una nariz electrónica
Authors: Rivera-Guerrero Manuel Andrés , Gualdrón-Guerrero Oscar Eduardo , Torres-Chávez Ivaldo
Published: March 2020

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo el explorar las posibilidades de un sistema multisensorial, tipo nariz electrónica, para la detección de pesticidas organofosforados en el duraznero (Prunus pérsica), cultivado en el departamento de Norte de Santander, Colombia. Las pruebas se realizaron con una nariz electrónica conformada por 8 sensores químico-resistivos, y el método de procesamiento utilizado fue el análisis de componentes principales (PCA). Inicialmente se observó que los sensores reaccionan ante los compuestos volátiles presentes en el durazno, sin la presencia de pesticidas. Al agregar concentraciones conocidas de pesticidas al fruto, fue posible agrupar las muestras en cuatro grupos, así: sin pesticidas, 1, 2 y 3 ppm. Lo anterior indica que el sistema utilizado permite diferenciar las muestras puras de las que están contaminadas, además de agrupar los distintos rangos de concentración. Se concluye con la posibilidad de utilizar la nariz electrónica, en el control de calidad de productos agrícolas.
Editorial
Authors: Fernández-Morales Flavio Humberto
Published: March 2020

La edición de una revista académica implica el concurso de diversos actores, siendo el autor uno de los más importantes. Lo anterior debido a que el autor es el responsable de realizar la investigación, con los requerimientos científicos y éticos, que produce como resultado un manuscrito que refleja el proceso adelantado. Luego, el documento es somentido a la evaluación por pares, cuyo objetivo es validar lo reportado y brindar observaciones para mejorar la calidad del documento. En este punto, el autor debe efectuar las modificaciones sugeridas, tanto de forma como de fondo, realizando la corrección de estilo, sin alterar la esencia del trabajo. Luego, el editor verifica las modificaciones realizadas y presenta el manuscrito para su aceptación por parte del comité editorial.

 

El anterior es un proceso ampliamente conocido, que, con algunas variantes, se utiliza en la mayor parte de revistas académicas. Sin embargo, los autores nóveles, usualmente estudiantes de maestría que reportan los hallazgos de su trabajo investigativo, no son conscientes de su responsabilidad. Esto puede deberse a falta de formación, o, sencillamente, a que no dan importancia a todos los elementos del proceso editorial, generando demoras e incluso rechazo del manuscrito.

 

En este punto hago un llamado a todos los autores, nóveles y expertos, para que atiendan los lineamientos estipulados en las instrucciones para los autores, tales como: organización del manuscrito, elaboración de tablas y figuras con la calidad adecuada para su publicación, así como el uso de APA sexta edición en citas y referencias. El atender estos aspectos permite agilizar el proceso editorial, reduciendo a su vez los tiempos de publicación, con el consecuente beneficio para los usuarios de la revista.

 

En el presente fascículo, Vol. 10 No. 2, se incluyen doce artículos, resultado del proceso investigativo en temáticas relacionadas con administración, educación e ingeniería, los cuales invitamos a consultar y utilizar en sus investigaciones. Igualmente, se invita a los interesados en publicar los resultados de sus trabajos de investigación, a que envíen sus manuscritos a la revista; los requisitos de forma se pueden consultar al final de éste número o en nuestra página WEB, en las instrucciones para los autores.

 

Cordialmente,

 

FLAVIO HUMBERTO FERNÁNDEZ MORALES

Editor

Revista de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación

ISSN: 2027-8306 - ISSN-e: 2389-9417

Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
About the Cover
Authors: Lucas Robert
Published: March 2020

About the Cover The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons, 16 October 1834, 1835 Joseph Mallord William Turner (British, 1775-1851) oil on canvas, Framed: 123.5 x 153.5 x 12 cm (48 9/16 x 60 3/8 x 4 11/16 in.); Unframed: 92 x 123.2 cm (36 3/16 x 48 1/2 in.). Bequest of John L. Severance 1942.647 Image Credit: Cleveland Museum of Art On the night of October 16, 1834, fire consumed the Houses of Parliament in London. Londoners gathered along the banks of the river Thames to gaze in awe at the horrifying spectacle. Initially, a low tide made it difficult to pump water to fire-fighting equipment on land; likewise, it hampered steamers towing fire-fighting equipment up the river. Although the tides eventually shifted, the effort was futile, as the fire burned uncontrollably for hours. Turner records this as the steamers in the lower-right corner head toward the flames.Although Turner based the painting on an actual event, he used the disaster as the starting point to express man’s helplessness when confronted with the destructive powers of nature, here dissolved in brilliant swaths of color and variable atmospheric effects that border on abstraction.
Gestalt
Authors: Whelan Alex
Published: March 2020

GestaltI looked out thru my window at the bird in the treeAnd as I looked at him, he looked at meThen we both made off our separate waysWith no farewells or comeback daysAnd I wondered at this separation, why?For in that moment gestalt, the bird, the tree, and I. Alex Whelan