bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-Trial Appetitive Learning Tasks for Drug Targeting
Authors: Lalonde Robert , Strazielle Catherine
Published: June 2023

One-trial appetitive learning developed from one-trial passive avoidance learning as a
standard test of retrograde amnesia. It consists of one learning trial followed by a retention test, in
which physiological manipulations are presented. As in passive avoidance learning, food- or waterdeprived
rats or mice finding food or water inside an enclosure are vulnerable to the retrograde amnesia
produced by electroconvulsive shock treatment or the injection of various drugs. In one-trial taste
or odor learning conducted in rats, birds, snails, bees, and fruit flies, there is an association between a
food item or odorant and contextual stimuli or the unconditioned stimulus of Pavlovian conditioning.
The odor-related task in bees was sensitive to protein synthesis inhibition as well as cholinergic receptor
blockade, both analogous to results found on the passive avoidance response in rodents, while the
task in fruit flies was sensitive to genetic modifications and aging, as seen in the passive avoidance response
of genetically modified and aged rodents. These results provide converging evidence of interspecies
similarities underlying the neurochemical basis of learning.
State-of-the-Art Graphene Carbocatalysis and Future Challenges
Authors: Ameta Rakshit , Gupta Sharoni
Published: June 2023

The global surge in the demand for sustainable protocols and catalytic
processes has led to an enormous rise in the research in the field of carbocatalysis.
Graphene and its derivatives have surfaced as a novel category of green heterogeneous
catalysts. This chapter summarizes the current trends in the synthesis, properties and
applications of graphene-based carbocatalyst. The future challenges in the area of
graphene-based catalysts have also been addressed. 
Diseño e implementación de controlador PID y red de adelanto para control de ángulo en un balancín aerodinámico
Authors: Diaz García Juan David , Prieto Jiménez Daniel Esteban , Blanco Cañón Robin Alfonso
Published: June 2023

El propósito de este informe es explicar el proceso de diseño e implementación de un controlador PID con red de adelanto para controlar el ángulo de inclinación de un balancín aerodinámico. Se realiza la construcción del modelo matemático de la planta y se hace una identificación experimental de los parámetros físicos y eléctricos que caracterizan la planta. Con la linealización del modelo alrededor un punto de operación definido, se obtiene la función de transferencia del sistema, la cual se valida por medio de simulaciones en MATLAB ®- Simulink. Con ello se diseña el controlador PID y una red de adelanto teniendo en cuenta requerimientos de desempeño y robustez. A continuación, se realiza la construcción física de la planta y se implementa el sistema de control en un microcontrolador PIC18 de la marca Microchip®. Por último, se realizan pruebas a la implementación física para verificar el desempeño y robustez obtenidos. Como resultado, se obtiene un controlador que a nivel de implementación es rápido, tiene buen seguimiento a un amplio rango de referencias, rechaza perturbaciones y presenta robustez ante los cambios de la planta. Se concluye que la implementación en el microcontrolador propuesto es exitosa y se invita a que se experimente con este proyecto de formas diferente.
Etic and politic implications in 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa as a travel literature
Authors: Mashlihatin Anis
Published: June 2023

This study aims to show the hidden agenda in the 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa as a travel literature. The method used is divided into two, namely data collection methods and data analysis methods. The data in this study are in the form of statements about the content, nature, characteristics, condition of something or symptoms, or statements about the relationships between something and something else. Data analysis methods used in this study are historical methods, comparisons, and logical inference. This research shows that the 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa has ethical and political implications which are the fundamental agenda in travel stories. The ethical implications of this novel are first, by demeaning Indonesia, this novel follows the ethical violations committed by Western orientalism. Second, by demeaning the West, this novel also commits the same ethical violation, namely demeaning other nations. The political implication of this novel is an attempt to free oneself from the hegemony of colonial orientalism, to elevate the dignity of the colonized nation. The answer to liberation offered to Indonesia is a typical answer given by Indonesian Muslim scholars, namely by making Indonesia an Islamic country that is Western and Islamic West. Indonesia is understood as a nation that still must be westernized and at the same time Muslimized.Keywords: ethical implications, political implications, travel literature, West, Islam
Intersectional identities of Nyai and their resistance to oppressiveness in Indonesian short stories
Authors: Mukti Wijang Iswara , Budiyanto Dwi , Hartono Hartono , Suroso Suroso
Published: June 2023

The dominant values of colonialism influenced indigenous society in defining the status of women and worsening their treatment. This influence can be seen in the concubinage system experienced by the nyai. The figure of nyai not only received systemic oppression, but was also portrayed badly through colonial-era literature. In contrast to colonial-era literature, Indonesian literature in the postcolonial era tries to represent the figure of nyai with her intersectional identity, as well as reveal their resistance to the patterns of systemic oppression experienced in the concubinage system. This research uses a descriptive-qualitative research design. This research design aims to describe the intersectional identity of nyai and their resistance to forms of oppressiveness in Indonesian short stories. The data and information found from the selected short stories will be interpreted qualitatively using Kimberle Crenshaw's intersectionality perspective. The data sources are selected porpusively, namely Indonesian short stories that represent nyai and concubinage in the Dutch East Indies, including (1) Stambul dua Pedang (2013), (2) Racun untuk Tuan (2011), and (3) Keringat dan Susu (2010), all three by Iksaka Banu, and (4) Kutukan Dapur (2003) by Eka Kurniawan. The data are in the form of story facts that include story sequences, characters, settings, themes, and other literary means from data sources that contain information related to the research problem. The data was obtained using reading and note-taking techniques. Furthermore, it was analyzed qualitatively by using Crenshaw's intersectionality perspective. The results of this study show that the intersectionality identity of the nyai in the four short stories above is a woman with charming physique and skills, colonized indigenous race, poverty and low social class, patriarchal system, and colonial system. The oppressions found are intimidation, expulsion, denial of rights as a woman, and murder. The resistance found is utilizing one's own skills, help from other parties, enjoying the role and surrendering to the situation.Keywords: Intersectional identity, resistance, oppression, subaltern, Crenshaw
The role of youth and scouting education in enhancing student character development
Authors: Hidayah Eva Nur , Murdiono Mukhamad , Wiratomo Giri Harto , Hermawan Dwi
Published: June 2023

This study investigates the role of Youth and Scouting Education (PGMK) in strengthening student character and identifying the driving and inhibiting factors affecting this process. The research utilized a descriptive approach with a qualitative method, conducted at Universitas Negeri Semarang, focusing on outbound learning for PGMK subjects. The data collection techniques used in this research included interviews, observations, and documentation, while the validity of the data was tested through informant review, member check, and triangulation. Data analysis was conducted interactively by collecting, reducing, displaying, and drawing conclusions from the data. The study found that PGMK played a significant role in developing the soft and hard skills necessary to strengthen participants' character. However, this process was both encouraged and hindered by various factors such as the example of tutors, the curriculum design, the PGMK committee's commitment, stakeholder support, equalization of perceptions among participants, conducive learning situations, learning models, tutors' capacity building and competence, learning intensity and duration, internet connection, and the environment. These findings suggest the importance of considering these factors in designing and implementing effective character education programs for students.
The Pancasila and Civic Education curriculum model at 21st century
Authors: Jayadiputra Eka , Karim Aim Abdul , Sapriya Sapriya , Rahmat Rahmat
Published: June 2023

The challenge of producing highly competitive and superior human resources is faced by nations worldwide, including Indonesia's education sector, specifically in Civic Education. Enhancing the quality of education requires a reconstructed curriculum that includes 21st-century competencies. This study aimed to describe the design model for developing citizenship skills in the current century. The research adopted a qualitative descriptive and quasi-experimental approach, collecting data through questionnaires, interviews, observations, documentation studies, and literature reviews. The sample comprised 180 high school students and Civic Education teachers from three schools in Bandung Regency. Findings showed that students' skills in Civic Education using the 2013 curriculum were suboptimal. However, the experimental group using the 21st-century curriculum exhibited a significant increase in their skills, including learning and innovation skills, life and career skills, and technology and media skills. Improving Civic Education in Indonesia is crucial in nurturing competent and competitive citizens.
The phenomenon of traditional philanthropy through the voluntary sector in shaping community identity
Authors: Kurniati Pat , Sapriya Sapriya , Darmawan Cecep , Rolando P. Quinones Jr , Putra Haris Maiza
Published: June 2023

The role of the state is needed to suppress illegal philanthropic practices, how the state can make Pancasila a "civic religion". Pancasila as the basis and pillar of society's civility as well as the "social glue" where sanctified spaces and symbols become markers of social identification that connect individuals in a common bond. The purpose of this research is to discuss the phenomenon of traditional philanthropy through the voluntary sector in shaping community identity. This research uses qualitative research methods, with the research design using a descriptive approach research design. In this study, the author conducts library research, then describes the phenomenon of traditional philanthropy through the voluntary sector in shaping community identity. The results show that philanthropy develops along with the development of human life itself. Voluntary sector refers to organizations whose primary goal is to create social impact rather than profit. This is often called the third sector, civil society or the nonprofit sector. The value of social justice and community welfare, especially in developing community identity empowerment, such as health services for poor families, economic empowerment, scholarships, job training, capital provision for middle to lower traders and others aimed at empowering community identity through philanthropy.
Technology Pedagogical Content Knowledge-based learning model in Citizenship Education courses
Authors: Dahnial Irfan , Hasibuan Selamat Husni , Nasution Dewi Kesuma , Daniela Izabela Radu
Published: June 2023

This study aims to see the readiness of each educator in using knowledge-based learning models of technological pedagogic content in Civics learning. In this case, educators and lecturers play an important role in controlling the learning situation of technology pedagogic content knowledge, researchers consider one of the most effective learning models to be TPACK. In this study, researchers used quantitative research methods to measure the extent to which the learning model influenced knowledge of technological pedagogic content and the readiness of students to carry out learning in the classroom environment. The results of the study show that the TPACK model is very effective in the learning process, especially in Civics subjects, that incorporating TPACK into teacher preparation and professional development programs can lead to improved teaching practices and student learning outcomes. TPACK has become an increasingly important framework in education, as technology continues to play a greater role in teaching and learning.
Analyzing a project-based blended learning model for citizenship education to foster humanity literacy
Authors: Kusnadi Kusnadi , Sapriya Sapriya , Budimansyah Dasim , Wahab Abdul Azis
Published: June 2023

The study aims to develop a Project-Based Learning (PBL) blended learning strategy to enhance the human literacy skills of students taking Citizenship Education in higher education. The research uses the Research Development (RD) method combined with the ASSURE model, which involves six stages: analyzing students, expressing goals, selecting methods, media, and materials, using media and materials, requiring student participation, and evaluating and revising. The study uses expert validation, questionnaires, interviews, and a pretest-posttest design to evaluate the effectiveness of the PBL-based blended learning approach. The results indicate that the PBL-based blended learning approach effectively develops humane literacy among Citizenship Education students. The article discusses the importance of human literacy as a 21st-century skill and the development of a blended learning model using the ASSURE model to foster human literacy.
Media based on ROTELA-an innovation for teaching Pancasila and Civic Education
Authors: Murdiono Mukhamad , Kuncorowati Puji Wulandari , Arpannudin Iqbal , Suyato Suyato
Published: June 2023

Pancasila and Civic Education Subjects (PPKn) in junior high schools are prerequisite subjects with abstract material. To facilitate understanding of the values of Pancasila, it is necessary to develop learning media to make it easier for students to understand and apply the values of Pancasila as the way of life of the Indonesian people. This research aims to develop learning media that can be used by teachers in teaching Pancasila and Civic Education in junior high schools. This study uses a research and development method to develop learning media ROTELA (wheel guess the image of Pancasila). This research was implemented in State Junior High School in Yogyakarta City. The research subjects were Pancasila and Civic Education teachers and VIII grade students. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used qualitative and quantitative analysis. The development research follow the steps of Borg and Gall. The results showed that the media based on ROTELA were developed very feasible to be used in teaching Pancasila dan Civic Education in junior high school for Pancasila as the way of life of the Indonesian people. The results of the validation of the material experts showed 90%, and media experts 96.6%.
Engineering the development of democratic citizenship education curriculum in the global era: A few perspectives from theoretical frameworks
Authors: Suyato Suyato
Published: June 2023

There are weaknesses both from the perspective and effectiveness of Citizenship Education (CE) which are too oriented towards domestic problems in the context of facing global challenges and problems. Today it is necessary to change the orientation of the Civics curriculum which is globally oriented. In other words, it is necessary to engineer the Civics curriculum development. This paper attempts to present theoretical frameworks for engineering the development of a democratic and globally oriented Civics curriculum. There are at least six theoretical frameworks, namely the Birdcage Theory, Crystal Theory, Tree Theory, DNA Theory, Mushroom Theory, and Amoeba Theory. The six theories have different views, implications, and recommendations in curriculum engineering, including the Civics curriculum. This paper ends with the author's recommendations after considering both the strengths and weaknesses of the six theoretical frameworks.
Improvement of working posture in the metal casting industry to prevent musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: Fahmi Afiqoh Akmalia , Putri Arinda Soraya , Dwiyanto Rizal
Published: June 2023

Less ergonomic work postures such as bending and squatting have the potential to pose work risks. When muscles receive static loads repeatedly and for a long time, it causes complaints of damage to joints, ligaments, and tendons commonly referred to as musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) or injuries to the musculoskeletal system. This study aimed to determine the level of risk of work postures performed by workers in each work activity using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS) methods and provide suggestions for improving work postures to minimise the occurrence of work risks. The research was conducted at the foundry of metal in the Casting section. Initial data in the form of Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire data used to determine complaints in the musculoskeletal system and data in the form of image documentation on each work activity used as material for analysing the assessment of the REBA and OWAS methods. Proposals for improving the working posture were given in the form of adding foundations for moulding and pattern-making activities, the design of tools for metal liquid pouring activities, and furnace designs for metal smelting. Proposals for improving the working posture were given in the form of adding foundations for moulding and pattern making, the design of tools for metal liquid pouring, and furnace designs for metal smelting.
Comparative study of sinus earthquake forces and ground motion on structure behavioral response using linear time history analysis method
Authors: Pamuji Suryatama Ageng , Widodo Slamet , Nugroho Maris Setyo , Ma`arif Faqih , Akande Ahmed Wasiu
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to calculate the design earthquake with a harmonic sine wave approach at a frequency of 1.5 Hz; 2.5 Hz; 3.5 Hz; 4;5 Hz, as well as Loma Prieta, Northridge, and Kobe ground motion. In addition, a structural response review was also carried out based on a comparison of the effects of the ground motion and sine wave earthquake forces. This study used an experimental method of modelling an apartment building with a scale of 1: 50. The case study was located in Mantrijeron, Yogyakarta, which has a seismic category in the medium-size class. The analysis phase began with material definition, element dimension estimation, modelling by analysis software, loading estimation, structural analysis, and comparison of structural responses based on the deviation. The results indicate that the building model could withstand dynamic loads from harmonic waves up to a frequency of 5.5 Hz for one minute of vibration. The most significant deviation is shown at a frequency of 4.5 Hz with an x-axis direction of 0.110 and a y-direction of 0.160. The structural response resulting from ground motion loading shows that the highest deviation occurred due to the influence of the Kobe earthquake, with a deviation of 0.063 in the x-axis direction and 0.054 in the y-axis direction. Based on these results, the effect of harmonic sine waves is greater than the ground motion loading on the response of the building structure, so it is used as an experimental loading through a vibrating table with the actual residual deviation results showing a value of 0.9 mm in the y-axis direction. The difference in structural response results could be caused by the supports and connections modelling in planning through analysis software which could not precisely represent the actual implementation of the building model.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Matematika Menggunakan Aplikasi Powtoon Pada Materi Limit Fungsi Aljabar
Authors: Mardian Cindi Putri , Rahmi Rahmi , Hamdunah Hamdunah
Published: June 2023

Kesulitan belajar matematika dikarenakan pada masa pandemi covid ini peserta didik tidak mendapatkan pembelajaran sepenuhnya merupakan latar belakang dari pengemabangan ini. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran matematika menggunakan aplikasi powtoon pada materi limit fungsi aljabar yang valid, praktis dan efektif. Subjek penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas XI MIA I SMAN 1 Pantai Cermin Kabupaten Solok. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan model plomp yang terdiri dari 3 fase yaitu preliminary research, prototyping phase, dan assesment phase. Instrumen penelitian adalah pedoman wawancara, angket validasi, angket praktikalitas dan angket kemandirian belajar. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian validator yaitu ahli media dan ahli materi diperoleh persentase penilaian kevalidan media pembelajaran 89,4% dengan kategori sangat valid. Nilai akhir uji coba kepraktisan dengan guru dan peserta didik diperoleh persentase 87,33% dengan kategori sangat praktis, hasil uji efektifitas ditinjau dari kemandirian belajar peserta didik diperoleh nilai persentase 75,83% dengan kategori mandiri. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran matematika menggunakan aplikasi powtoon pada materi limit fungsi aljabar sudah layak digunakan.
Pengembangan Buku Siswa melalui Lesson Study dengan menggunakan Project Based Learning sebagai Model Pembelajaran IPA Terpadu yang Bermakna.
Authors: Kerans Geterudis , Ngongo Khristoforus Palli
Published: June 2023

Virus Corona telah menjadi Pandemi dan membawa dampak yang besar di berbagai bidang kehidupan termasuk di bidang Pendidikan. Banyak kebijakan yang diambil dalam bidang pendidikan untuk pelaksanaan proses belajar mengajar seperti blended learning atau bahkan full online. Terdapat berbagai dampak yang muncul dari setiap kebijakan yang diambil antara lain 1) adanya pemotongan jam mengajar untuk setiap mata pelajaran, 2) tidak tercapainya tujuan dan penilaian akhir yang hendak dicapai dalam kurikulum 2013 3) selama KBM guru hanya menekankan pada penyelesaian materi pelajaran dan menyampingkan pendidikan karakter dan keterampilan 4) siswa yang tidak KBM hanya mendapatkan tugas berupa soal dan dikumpulkan tanpa pembahasan. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut dibutuhkan suatu alat seprti buku siswa yang mampu membantu para siswa untuk memahami materi namun juga mengasah keterampilannya. Rumusan masalah yang ingin diteliti adalah 1) Apakah buku siswa yang dikembangkan melalui lesson study dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran PjBL valid dan dapat digunakan? dan 2) Apakah Buku Siswa yang disusun melalui lesson study dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran PjBL dapat terbaca dengan baik oleh siswa kelas 7 SMP? Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah: 1) menghasilkan buku siswa yang dikembangkan melalui lesson study dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran PjBL yang valid dan dapat digunakan dan 2) Buku Siswa yang disusun melalui lesson study dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran PjBL dapat terbaca dengan baik oleh siswa kelas 7 SMP.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan pendidikan (Education Research and Development), yaitu mengembangkan Buku Siswa untuk Mata Pelajaran IPA terpadu melalui Lesson Study dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Project Based Learning dengan mengikuti prosedur pengembangan pembelajaran menurut Plom dan dipadukan dengan 3 tahapan langkah dalam Lesson Study yaitu tahapan Plan yang mencakup fase pengembangan preliminary investigation, tahapan do yang mencakup fase pengembangan design and realization dan tahapan see yang mencakup fase pengembangan test, evaluation and revition. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisa secara deskriptif untuk menganalisis aspek validitas dan keterbacaannya. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa berdasarkan hasil validasi ahli buku siswa yang dikembangkan melalui lesson study dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran PjBL Valid dan dapat digunakan. Hasil Uji keterbacaan oleh siswa kelas 7 SMP juga menunjukan hasil yang sangat baik dan hasil ini menunjukan bahwa buku ini layak digunakan.
Bahan Ajar Elektronik Fisika Berbasis Inquiry Learning Terintegrasi STEM: Pengaruhnya terhadap Penguasaan Materi dan Motivasi Belajar Siswa SMA pada Topik Gelombang Bunyi
Authors: Pebriana Irvany Nurita
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menghasilkan bahan ajar elektronik fisika berbasis inquiry learning terintegrasi STEM pada materi gelombang bunyi yang layak digunakan, (2) mengetahui besar peningkatan penguasaan materi dan motivasi belajar peserta didik SMA setelah menggunakan bahan ajar elektronik fisika berbasis inquiry learning terintegrasi STEM pada materi gelombang bunyi. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian pengembangan (RD) dengan desain Four-D Model dengan tahapan define, design, develop dan disseminate. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) bahan ajar elektronik fisika berbasis inquiry learning terintegrasi STEM sangat layak menurut penilaian validator dan hasil respon peserta didik rata-rata skor sebesar 5,07 dan 4,91, (2) penguasaan materi dan motivasi belajar peserta didik meningkat pada tiap aspek yang diuji setelah menggunakan bajar fisika model inquiry learning terintegrasi STEM dengan rata-rata n-gain sebesar 0.56 dan 0.36.
Struktur Aljabar Koszul pada Aljabar Lie M_(3,1) (R)⋊〖gl〗_3 (R)
Authors: Hafizhah Nur , Kurniadi Edi , Carnia Ema
Published: June 2023

Dalam penelitian ini dipelajari aljabar Lie affine aff(3) berdimensi 12 yang merupakan jumlah semi langsung dari ruang vektor matriks berukuran 3x1 dan aljabar Lie matriks berukuran 3x3 . Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan eksistensi dan struktur aljabar koszul pada aljabar Lie aff(3). Aljabar Lie tersebut adalah aljabar Lie Frobenius. Oleh karena itu, terdapat suatu fungsional linear yang mengakibatkan nilai fungsional linear pada  matriks strukturnya tidak sama dengan nol. Fungsional linear yang demikian ini disebut fungsional Frobenius. Dalam penelitian ini diberikan juga bagaimana mendapatkan matriks struktur, menghitung determinannya serta memilih fungsional Frobenius yang tepat. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah rumus eksplisit struktur aljabar koszul pada aljabar Lie affine berdimensi 12 melalui induksi pada bentuk simplektik dari fungsional Frobeniusnya. Sebagai bahan diskusi untuk penelitian selanjutnya, hasil yang diperoleh dapat dikembangkan untuk menentukan struktur aljabar koszul pada aljabar Lie affine berdimensi n(n+1). Structure of Koszul Algebra in Lie Algebra M_(3,1) (R)⋊〖gl〗_3 (R)AbstractIn this research, we study the affine Lie algebra aff(3) of 12 dimension which is the semi-direct sum of the vector space of a matrix of 3x1 and Lie algebra of a matrix of 3x3.  The research aims to prove the existence and structure of koszul algebras on the affine Lie algebra aff(3) . Since its Lie algebra is Frobenius then there exists a linear functional whose values in the matrix structure are not equal to zero.  Such a linear functional is called a Frobenius functional. Furthermore, in this study, it is also given how to obtain the structure matrix, to calculate its determinants, and to choose the right Frobenius functional. The results obtained in this study are explicit formulas for the structure of the koszul algebra on 12-dimensional Lie affine algebra through induction in the symplectic form of its Frobenius functional. As a discussion material for further research, the results obtained can be developed to determine the structure of koszul algebra in affine Lie algebra of dimension n(n+1).
Scattering of Exchange Spin Waves by an Interface between Biaxial Ferromagnets with Mutual Antiferromagnetic Ordering
Authors: Poimanov V. D.
Published: June 2023

The scattering of exchange spin waves caused by the interface between antiferromagnetically ordered magnetic media is studied. It is shown that, in contrast to the case of uniaxial magnets, when the scattered wave is evanescent, in this case, emission of a propagated wave is possible, the amplitude of which is determined by the difference between the biaxial anisotropy constants. Keywords: reflection and transmission, exchange spin waves, evanescent waves, precession chirality, ferromagnets with broken axial symmetry.
Magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect in Gd films and microwires
Authors: Koplak O. V.  , Kashin S. N.  , Korolev D. V.  , Zhidkov M. V.  , Piskorskii V. P.  , Valeev R. A.  , Morgunov R. B.
Published: June 2023

An analysis of the temperature and field dependences of the magnetization of Gd films and microwires was carried out, as well as an isothermal measurement of the magnetic part of the entropy at the Curie temperature. The magnetocaloric effect (MCE), measured as an isothermal increase in the magnetic part of the entropy, in microwires shows two peaks on the temperature dependence of the magnetic part of the entropy, in contrast to one peak in films. In films and microwires, the entropy maximum at 286-293 K, which corresponds to the Curie temperature, depends on the magnetic field, shifting in the same way in films and microwires with an increase in the field at the orientation of the MgO (111) substrate, which provides the maximum mechanical stresses in Gd. In microwires, the second maximum does not change the temperature of 320 K as the field increases to 9 T, but its amplitude increases linearly with the field. This maximum can be caused by a spin-reorientation transition. Keywords: microwires, thin films, magnetic entropy, magnetic anisotropy, spin-reorientation transition, Curie temperature.
Magnetoelectric properties of samarium iron garnet
Authors: Plokhov D. I.  , Popov A. I.  , Zvezdin A. K.
Published: June 2023

The magnetoelectricity of samarium iron garnet is theoretically investigated: the antiferroelectric structures of samarium ions are described and their connection with the configurations of the magnetic moments of the ions and their transformations during magnetic phase transitions is revealed. The possibility of the appearance at low temperatures of unusual Bloch domain walls, in which the magnetization vector rotates from the [u v 0] axes to the [v u 0] axes, which are not crystal symmetry axes, is established. The electric polarization of Bloch domain walls, which are realized both at low (T0 K) and high temperatures, is studied. It has been established that the electric polarization of Bloch boundaries, which arises because of an inhomogeneous magnetoelectric effect, depends significantly on their shape. Keywords: rare-earth iron garnets, magnetic phase transitions, Bloch domain walls, inhomogeneous magnetoelectric effect.
Influence of thulium impurity on dielectric and pyroelectric properties of single crystals of Barium Strontium Niobate
Authors: Kislova I. L.  , Sergeeva O. N.  , Shcheglova A. I.  , Zvarich M. S.  , Lykov P. A.  , Ivleva L. I.
Published: June 2023

It has been shown that the introduction of thulium impurity into the crystals of strontium barium (SBN : 61) niobate leads to an increase in the dielectric constant value and the blur region of the phase transition. External field polarization partially stabilizes the polar state of the samples, however, the heterogeneous distribution of polarization across the thickness of the studied samples indicates the existence of regions with a developed domain structure characteristic of highly doped crystals. Keywords: Ferroelectrics, relaxors, pyroelectric effect, polarization distribution, single crystal, SBN.
Development and characterization of magnetic nanoparticles Co-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-Zn-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Fe-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=- (0≤ x≤0.6) for biomedical applications
Authors: Kamzin A. S.  , Obaidat I. M.  , Semenov V. G.  , Narayanaswamy V.  , Al-Omari I. A.  , Issa B.  , Buryanenko I. V.
Published: June 2023

The results of studies of the properties of co-deposition of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) of Co1-xZnxFe2O4 spinel ferrites synthesized (at x=0.0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6) in order to synthesize magnetic particles for biomedical applications. X-ray diffraction (XRD), raman spectra, magnetic measurements and Mossbauer spectroscopy (MS) were used to study the Co1-xZnxFe2O4 MNPs. It was found that the synthesized MNPs CoxZn1-xFe2O4 are single-phase. According to the results of XRD measurements, it was found that the average sizes of crystallites are 13 nm for CoFe2O4 (x=0) and, with an increase in the Zn concentration, they decrease to 7 nm for Co1-xZnxFe2O4 (x=0.6), which is consistent with the Mossbauer data, which showed that the sizes of crystallites vary from 14 to 8 nm. In the raman spectra of the Co1-xZnxFe2O4 MNPs in the region of ~620 cm-1, splitting of the A1g, line is observed, indicating that the studied particles have an inverse spinel structure. The change in the ratio between intensities of A1g (1) and A1g (2) peaks is indicative of a significant redistribution of Co2+ and Fe3+ cations between tetrahedral andoctahedral positions in Co1-xZnxFe2O4 MNPs as the quantity of Zn increases, which is confirmed by the Mossbauer data. It is found that small sizes of MNPs result in a strengthening of the effects of size and an effect of surface on the magnetic structure of the surface layer. The MS analysis has shown that there is a layer on the MNP surface, the magnetic structure of which is different from from the structure of the crystallite volume. With increase in the quantity of Zn ions thickness of this layer increases and at x=0.6 the particle becomes completely paramagnetic. Mossbauer studies have shown that Co0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 (x=0.2) particles are inthe superparamagnetic state and theirmagnetic blocking temperature is ~315 K, which is the most acceptable for the treatment of cancer by the magnetic hyperthermia method. Keywords: CoxMn1-xFe2O4, spinel ferrites, magnetic structure, superparamagnetism, Mossbauer spectroscopy, materials for biomedicine.
Organic macromolecule on graphene with structural defects: Estimations of charge transfer and adhesion energy
Authors: Davidov S. Yu.
Published: June 2023

The previously proposed model of dengling bonds of an organic macromolecule (MM) adsorbed on an ideal single-layer graphene (SLG) is generalized to the presence of structural defects in SLG: inclusions of two-layer or amorphous graphene. Analytical estimates of the charge transition between MM and the substrate and the adhesion energy are obtained. Keywords: macromolecule with dangling bonds, single- and bilayer graphene, amorphous graphene.
Investigation of the effect of nitrogen ion irradiation on the lithium surface condition
Authors: Ashkhotov O. G.  , Magkoev T. T.  , Ashkhotova I. B.
Published: June 2023

A comparison of the surface of solid lithium in the atomically pure state, after contact with oxygen, nitrogen and after irradiation with N+ ions with an energy of 0.6 keV at a current density of 2 μA/mm2 was carried out. The analysis of surface characteristics was carried out using electron Auger spectroscopy. To obtain an atomically pure surface, low-energy electron bombardment was used. It is shown that the contact of an atomically pure Li surface with oxygen leads to the formation of lithium oxide, and with nitrogen with a partial pressure of 10-6 Pa, lithium oxide and oxynitride in a mixture with free lithium atoms. Irradiation of lithium with nitrogen ions leads to the formation of the surface compound Li3N. It is noted that the resulting compound is unstable in ultrahigh vacuum and eventually decays to form lithium oxide due to interaction with the residual oxygen of the spectrometer chamber. Keywords: lithium, vacuum, ions, electrons, surface.
Thermophysical properties and phase transitions of ferroelectric PbFe-=SUB=-0.5-=/SUB=-Nb-=SUB=-0.5-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- at high temperatures
Authors: Kallaev S. N.  , Bakmaev A. G.  , Omarov Z. M.
Published: June 2023

The thermophysical properties of the ferroelectric PbFe0.5Nb0.5O3 in the temperature range 300-800 K are studied. Anomalies in the heat capacity and thermal diffusion are found in the region of the diffuse ferroelectric transition Tc~380 K, the Burns temperature Td~670 K, and the intermediate temperature T^*~470 K. The dominant phonon heat transfer mechanisms in a ferroelectric with a nanopolar structure. Keywords: heat capacity, thermal diffusion, thermal conductivity, ferroelectric, phase transitions, relaxor.
A Semantic Relatedness Model for the Automatic Cluster Analysis of Phonematic and Semantic Verbal Fluency Tasks Performed by People With Parkinson Disease: Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Hähnel Tom , Feige Tim , Kunze Julia , Epler Andrea , Frank Anika , Bendig Jonas , Schnalke Nils , Wolz Martin , Themann Peter , Falkenburger Björn
Published: June 2023

Background

Phonematic and semantic verbal fluency tasks (VFTs) are widely used to capture cognitive deficits in people with neurodegenerative diseases. Counting the total number of words produced within a given time frame constitutes the most commonly used analysis for VFTs. The analysis of semantic and phonematic word clusters can provide additional information about frontal and temporal cognitive functions. Traditionally, clusters in the semantic VFT are identified using fixed word lists, which need to be created manually, lack standardization, and are language specific. Furthermore, it is not possible to identify semantic clusters in the phonematic VFT using this technique.

Objective

The objective of this study was to develop a method for the automated analysis of semantically related word clusters for semantic and phonematic VFTs. Furthermore, we aimed to explore the cognitive domains captured by this analysis for people with Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods

People with PD performed tablet-based semantic (51/85, 60%) and phonematic (69/85, 81%) VFTs. For both tasks, semantic word clusters were determined using a semantic relatedness model based on a neural network trained on the Wikipedia (Wikimedia Foundation) text corpus. The cluster characteristics derived from this model were compared with those derived from traditional evaluation methods of VFTs and a set of neuropsychological parameters.

Results

For the semantic VFT, the cluster characteristics obtained through automated analyses showed good correlations with the cluster characteristics obtained through the traditional method. Cluster characteristics from automated analyses of phonematic and semantic VFTs correlated with the overall cognitive function reported by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, executive function reported by the Frontal Assessment Battery and the Trail Making Test, and language function reported by the Boston Naming Test.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated the feasibility of standardized automated cluster analyses of VFTs using semantic relatedness models. These models do not require manually creating and updating categorized word lists and, therefore, can be easily and objectively implemented in different languages, potentially allowing comparison of results across different languages. Furthermore, this method provides information about semantic clusters in phonematic VFTs, which cannot be obtained from traditional methods. Hence, this method could provide easily accessible digital biomarkers for executive and language functions in people with PD.
Gender Bias When Using Artificial Intelligence to Assess Anorexia Nervosa on Social Media: Data-Driven Study (Preprint)
Authors: Solans Noguero David , Ramírez-Cifuentes Diana , Ríssola Esteban Andrés , Freire Ana
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Social media sites are becoming an increasingly important source of information about mental health disorders. Among them, eating disorders are complex psychological problems that involve unhealthy eating habits. In particular, there is evidence showing that signs and symptoms of anorexia nervosa can be traced in social media platforms. Knowing that input data biases tend to be amplified by artificial intelligence algorithms and, in particular, machine learning, these methods should be revised to mitigate biased discrimination in such important domains.

OBJECTIVE

The main goal of this study was to detect and analyze the performance disparities across genders in algorithms trained for the detection of anorexia nervosa on social media posts. We used a collection of automated predictors trained on a data set in Spanish containing cases of 177 users that showed signs of anorexia (471,262 tweets) and 326 control cases (910,967 tweets).

METHODS

We first inspected the predictive performance differences between the algorithms for male and female users. Once biases were detected, we applied a feature-level bias characterization to evaluate the source of such biases and performed a comparative analysis of such features and those that are relevant for clinicians. Finally, we showcased different bias mitigation strategies to develop fairer automated classifiers, particularly for risk assessment in sensitive domains.

RESULTS

Our results revealed concerning predictive performance differences, with substantially higher false negative rates (FNRs) for female samples (FNR=0.082) compared with male samples (FNR=0.005). The findings show that biological processes and suicide risk factors were relevant for classifying positive male cases, whereas age, emotions, and personal concerns were more relevant for female cases. We also proposed techniques for bias mitigation, and we could see that, even though disparities can be mitigated, they cannot be eliminated.

CONCLUSIONS

We concluded that more attention should be paid to the assessment of biases in automated methods dedicated to the detection of mental health issues. This is particularly relevant before the deployment of systems that are thought to assist clinicians, especially considering that the outputs of such systems can have an impact on the diagnosis of people at risk.
Task-Specific Transformer-Based Language Models in Health Care: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Cho Ha Na , Jun Tae Joon , Kim Young-Hak , Kang Heejun , Ahn Imjin , Gwon Hansle , Kim Yunha , Seo Jiahn , Choi Heejung , Kim Minkyoung , Han Jiye , Kee Gaeun , Park Seohyun , Ko Soyoung
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Transformer-based language models have shown great potential to revolutionize health care by advancing clinical decision support, patient interaction, and disease prediction. However, despite their rapid development, the implementation of transformer-based language models in health care settings remains limited. This is partly due to the lack of a comprehensive review, which hinders a systematic understanding of their applications and limitations. Without clear guidelines and consolidated information, both researchers and physicians face difficulties in using these models effectively, resulting in inefficient research efforts and slow integration into clinical workflows.

OBJECTIVE

This scoping review addresses this gap by examining studies on medical transformer-based language models and categorizing them into 6 tasks: dialogue generation, question answering, summarization, text classification, sentiment analysis, and named entity recognition.

METHODS

We conducted a scoping review following the Cochrane scoping review protocol. A comprehensive literature search was performed across databases, including Google Scholar and PubMed, covering publications from January 2017 to September 2024. Studies involving transformer-derived models in medical tasks were included. Data were categorized into 6 key tasks.

RESULTS

Our key findings revealed both advancements and critical challenges in applying transformer-based models to health care tasks. For example, models like MedPIR involving dialogue generation show promise but face privacy and ethical concerns, while question-answering models like BioBERT improve accuracy but struggle with the complexity of medical terminology. The BioBERTSum summarization model aids clinicians by condensing medical texts but needs better handling of long sequences.

CONCLUSIONS

This review attempted to provide a consolidated understanding of the role of transformer-based language models in health care and to guide future research directions. By addressing current challenges and exploring the potential for real-world applications, we envision significant improvements in health care informatics. Addressing the identified challenges and implementing proposed solutions can enable transformer-based language models to significantly improve health care delivery and patient outcomes. Our review provides valuable insights for future research and practical applications, setting the stage for transformative advancements in medical informatics.
ESBL PREVALANCE IN URINE SPECIMENSOF CANCER PATIENTS AT A TERTIARY CARE CANCER CENTRE IN KERALA
Authors: SAMUEL SAJANI , Vismaya  , Rudrapathy Parthiban , Murugesan Saravanan , KE Sarath
Published: June 2023

Objective: The objective of this study documents the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing multiple drug resistance uropathogens reported prospectively for a period of 3 months from February 2020 to April 2020 and its susceptibility to the commonly recommended antibiotics for urinary tract infections (UTI).
Methods: Identification and characterization of the uro-pathogens from 200 samples were done by routine smear microscopy, culturing, Kirby–Bauer disc-diffusion assay, and double disc synergy test.
Results: Thirty percent of samples were culture-positive pointing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens (51.9%, 36.5%, 9.61%, and 1.92%, respectively). Almost all ESBL producers were found to be multi-drug resistant that includes E. coli (56.6%), K. pneumoniae (36.74%) and P. aeruginosa (6.66%) warranting prompt need of surveillance for effective clinical management.
Conclusion: The current study pointed the emergence and incidence of ESBL producing Gram-negative bacilli that are multi-drug resistant and causing UTI among cancer patients.
EXPRESSION OF CYCLIN D1 IN VARYING GRADES OF ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA: AN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY
Authors: ANJUM RUBEENA , Hussain Mohd , KAUR MANDEEP , KHAJURIA NIDHI
Published: June 2023

Objective: Cyclin D1 promotes cell cycle progression during G1 phase, a key event in G1-S transition. It is a positive regulator of cell cycle. Overexpression may lead to disturbance in normal cell cycle control and tumor formation. The objective of the study was to evaluate the expression of cyclin D1 in varying grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
Methods: Nine formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues were immunohistochemically analyzed for the expression of cyclin D1 in varying grades of OSCC.
Results: Expression of cyclin D1 was more in poorly differentiated OSCC than moderately and well-differentiated OSCC.
Conclusion: Increased expression of cyclin D1 was seen in poorly differentiated OSCC and thus can be used as a biomarker for the aggressiveness of OSCC.
ГЛАВНАЯ ВЫСТАВКА ОТРАСЛИ ИКТ
Authors: Попов С.А.
Published: June 2023

В середине апреля в московском Экспоцентре в шестой раз прошла Российская неделя высоких технологий (РНВТ), крупнейший в инфокоммуникационной отрасли выставочно-конгрессный проект, объединивший наряду с якорным событием – 35-й Международной выставкой информационных и коммуникационных технологий "СВЯЗЬ-2023" – целый ряд форумов, конференций и семинаров в сфере телекоммуникаций, ИТ, навигации и телематики.
КАБЕЛЬНАЯ ОСНОВА СИСТЕМ ПЕРЕДАЧИ ИНФОРМАЦИИ
Authors: Петрова С.П.
Published: June 2023

В рамках деловой программы выставки "СВЯЗЬ-2023" впервые состоялся семинар "Отечественная кабельная промышленность для современных систем передачи информации", организованный ОАО "ВНИИКП". Интерес к выступлениям экспертов кабельной отрасли, обмену мнениями о перспективах ее развития превзошел ожидания организаторов – конференц-зал был переполнен.