bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relação entre reabsorções dentárias e enxerto alveolar em dentes adjacentes à área da fissura
Authors: Ponce José Burgos , Pinto Lidiane de Castro , Sbrana Michyele Cristhiane , Dalben Gisele da Silva , Almeida Ana Lúcia Pompéia Fraga de
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: avaliar, radiograficamente, a prevalência, extensão e severidade da reabsorção dentária em dentes adjacentes à área de fissura após enxerto ósseo alveolar. Métodos: radiografias de 200 indivíduos com fissura unilateral e bilateral, alveolar e palatina, foram analisadas para se investigar a presença de reabsorção dentária relacionada com o enxerto ósseo. No total, 1.315 radiografias foram analisadas (periapical, oclusal e radiografias panorâmicas), obtidas a partir de 200 indivíduos com fissura labiopalatina unilateral e bilateral completa submetidos a cirurgia de enxerto, disponíveis a partir dos arquivos da Seção de Radiologia do HRAC-USP. Resultados: entre os 200 indivíduos, 33 tinham reabsorções dentárias externas. Dessas, 15 estavam presentes nas radiografias pré-operatórias e 18 só depois do enxerto ósseo. No geral, 30 reabsorções localizaram- se no terço apical da raiz e 3 no terço cervical; o incisivo central esquerdo foi o mais afetado. Não foram observadas reabsorções dentárias no terço médio da raiz e nenhuma reabsorção afetou mais de um terço. Não existiu diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a idade do paciente durante a cirurgia de enxerto ósseo e a presença de reabsorção dentária externa. Conclusões: a prevalência da reabsorção dentária em dentes adjacentes à área da fissura em indivíduos submetidos a enxerto ósseo foi baixa (16,5%). O terço apical da raiz foi o local mais frequente de reabsorção radicular externa, e não houve reabsorções afetando mais de um terço da raiz.
Efeito do hipoclorito de sódio e do hidróxido de cálcio na resistência da dentina radicular à fratura
Authors: Padoin Karine , Mello Juliana Heckler , Bello Mariana de Carlo , Michelon Carina , Morgental Renata Dornelles , Bier Carlos Alexandre Souza
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a influência de diferentes concentrações da solução de hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl) e da pasta de hidróxido de cálcio [Ca(OH)2] sobre a resistência da dentina radicular durante o tratamento endodôntico. Métodos: oitenta raízes de incisivos inferiores bovinos foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em oito grupos: C = Controle (sem intervenção); SSF = solução salina fisiológica; NaOCl 1%; NaOCl 5%; SSF/EDTA; SSF/EDTA/Ca(OH)2; NaOCl 1%/EDTA/Ca(OH)2; e NaOCl 5%/EDTA/Ca(OH)2. Em todos os grupos, os canais radiculares foram preparados com limas tipo K manuais usando a técnica coroa-ápice, exceto no grupo controle. A solução irrigadora de cada grupo foi mantida no canal por 2 h, sendo substituída a cada 15 min. O EDTA foi aplicado durante 3 min nos grupos correspondentes. O Ca(OH)2 foi mantido nos canais radiculares durante 30 dias. Os espécimes foram submetidos a teste de resistência à compressão até a fratura, em uma máquina de ensaios universal EMIC. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em alfa = 0,05. Resultados: não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos experimentais (p > 0,05). Conclusões: o uso de NaOCl por 2h e Ca(OH)2 por 30 dias não influenciou a resistência da dentina radicular.
Clorexidina melhora as propriedades mecânicas da dentina radicular
Authors: Ribeiro Michael Ranniery Garcia , Santos Felipe Rudá Silva , Almeida Flávia Costa de , Souza Soraia De Fátima Carvalho
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: avaliar a resistência máxima à flexão (MFS), módulo de elasticidade (E), microdureza Knoop (KHN) e rugosidade de superfície (Ra) da dentina radicular tratada com solução de clorexidina a 2% (CHX). Métodos: foram selecionados 50 incisivos bovinos com ápice fechado, e trinta raízes foram cortadas em barras de dentina (DB) e divididas em três grupos (n = 10): Controle (sem tratamento), G1 (NaOCl 2,5% + EDTA 17%) e G2 (CHX 2% + H2O). As DB foram submetidas ao ensaio de resistência flexural de três pontos, para se obter os valores de MFS e E. Vinte raízes foram cortadas longitudinalmente ao meio e inseridas em resina acrílica; as superfícies pulpares foram lixadas e polidas e, em seguida, irrigadas de acordo com o grupo (G1 ou G2; n = 20 metades por grupo) e submetidas aos testes de KHN e Ra. Foi realizada análise de MEV. Os dados foram analisados por meio dos testes de ANOVA de um e dois critérios, seguidos do teste de Tukey (α = 0,05). Resultados: os valores de MFS (p < 0,05) e E (p < 0,01) foram maiores para G2. A KHN foi reduzida após o tratamento com cada irrigante endodôntico (p < 0,001), sem diferenças entre eles (p = 0,115). A Ra foi maior para o G1 (p < 0,001). Conclusões: a solução de clorexidina a 2% melhora as propriedades mecânicas de MFS, E e Ra da dentina radicular.
Avaliação in vitro da atividade antifúngica da pasta de hidróxido de cálcio associada a diferentes fármacos, frente à Candida albicans
Authors: Letícia Vendrametto Forcin Letícia Vendrametto Forcin , Freitas Rafaela Pignatti De , Midena Raquel Zanin , Weckwerth Ana Carolina Villas Bôas , Silva Guilherme Ferreira Da , Weckwerth Paulo Henrique
Published: April 2019

Introdução: a frequência de micoses invasivas causadas por patógenos fúngicos oportunistas tem aumentado significativamente nas últimas décadas. Entre os principais agentes etiológicos de micoses oportunistas está a Candida albicans. Essa levedura apresenta vários fatores de virulência importantes para produção de doença. Alguns estudos têm demonstrado que C. albicans coloniza canais radiculares e túbulos dentinários. O espectro de atividade antimicrobiana do curativo de hidróxido de cálcio deve incluir essa levedura. Objetivos: o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi determinar a suscetibilidade in vitro de quatro linhagens de C. albicans coletadas da cavidade oral e uma estirpe padrão ATCC 10231 a pastas de hidróxido de cálcio associadas a drogas antifúngicas, antibióticas e anti-inflamatórias. A eficiência das pastas de Ca(OH)2 associadas às drogas sobre as leveduras foram analisadas pelo método da difusão radial e, também, pela técnica do contato direto com os medicamentos. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis e o pós-teste de Dunn, para indicar as diferenças entres os grupos, com um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: todas as medicações antifúngicas potencializaram a ação das pastas de hidróxido de cálcio contra a Candida albicans. Conclusões: a associação de medicações antifúngicas às pastas de Ca(OH)2 pode ser uma alternativa como medicação intracanal.
Avulsão e reimplante de incisivo permanente: 13 anos de controle
Authors: Gonçalves Gláucia Beatriz , Tomazoli Aline Thomazelli Peres , Iwaki Lilian Vessoni , Endo Marcos Sérgio , Pavan Nair Narumi Orita
Published: April 2019

Introdução: a manutenção de um dente traumatizado na cavidade bucal depende de um tratamento emergencial correto, bem como de um longo e adequado período de acompanhamento clínico-imaginológico. Objetivo: relatar um caso clínico de avulsão e reimplante dentário do dente #11, em uma criança com 11 anos de idade, que permanecia na cavidade bucal há 13 anos. Relato de caso: foi feito reimplante dentário 45 minutos após a avulsão, tratamento endodôntico com 10 trocas mensais de medicação intracanal à base de hidróxido de cálcio, seguidas da obturação do canal radicular pela técnica de condensação lateral, e acompanhamento clínico e radiográfico. Resultados: após 13 anos de controle clínico e imaginológico, o dente #11 apresentava-se em função e esteticamente satisfatório. Conclusão: o incisivo central superior direito, avulsionado, reimplantado e anquilosado, apresentou um quadro evolutivo de reabsorção radicular por substituição, porém inativo até o último acompanhamento. Após tratamento endodôntico e acompanhamento clínico e imaginológico, o dente permaneceu na cavidade bucal em função, sem sintomatologia e esteticamente agradável após 13 anos do reimplante.
Measuring childhood socioeconomic position in health research:Development and validation of childhood socioeconomic position questionnaire using mixed method approach
Authors: Sankar Uma Vadassery , kutty V Raman , Anand TN
Published: April 2019

Background: There is no single best indicator to assess the childhood socioeconomic position (CSEP) in public health research. The aim of the study is to develop and validate a new questionnaire, with adequate psychometric properties, to measure the childhood SEP of the young adults. Methods: The first phase consisted of a qualitative phase to identify the variables to measure childhood SEP through the in-depth interviews among 15 young adults (18-45 years) of rural Kerala. The second phase was a quantitative phase to validate the questionnaire through a cross sectional survey among 200 young adults of Kerala. We did content validity, reliability tests and construct validity by using exploratory factor analysis of the questionnaire to demonstrate its psychometric properties. Results: The qualitative analysis reported 26 variables spread across 5 domains to measure the CSEP. Finally, the questionnaire has 11 questions with 3 domains named as value added through paternity, maternal occupation-related factors and parental education. The questionnaire has good reliability (Cronbach's α=0.88) also. Conclusion: We have developed a reliable and valid questionnaire to measure the childhood SEP of younger adults and can be used in various public health research.
An assessment of fluoride related posts on Instagram
Authors: Basch Corey H. , Milano Nicole , Hillyer Grace C.
Published: April 2019

Background: Social media is a driving force in the sharing of information. The purpose of this study is to describe fluoride related content on Instagram, a popular social media platform. Methods: Content categories were created and coded to better describe the nature of the posts.Data collection occurred in three sessions, two months apart. Only relevant posts that included images and had text written in the English language were included. Results: The most common topics were conspiracy theory, contained in 37.3% of posts, followed by dangers of fluoride to health (30.3%) and benefits of fluoride to teeth (28.7%). Of the posts reviewed, 96/300 (32.0%) contained pro-fluoride content while 139/300 (63.0%) posts featured anti-fluoride content. Content varied significantly between pro- and anti-fluoride posts.Conclusion: Our review of Instagram posts revealed that there were approximately 300 posts focused on fluoride related content. Of these posts, there was a higher number of anti-fluoride related content compared to pro-fluoride related content. With accessibility comes the potential for misinformation. Future efforts from medical providers need to focus on educating consumers about reliable sources for health information on the internet.
Effects of 12-week treatment with Sovodak in patients infected by genotype 1 hepatitis C virus
Authors: Mehdipour Hosein , Moaddab Yaghoub , Azizian Khalil , Ghojazadeh Morteza , Somi Mohammad Hossein
Published: April 2019

Introduction: It has been shown that the combination therapy of Sofosbuvir-Daclatasvir (Sof/Dac) has a high rate of success in the treatment of patients. For the first time, a single pill of Sof/Dac has been formulated in Iran (Sovodak). In this regard, the present study was carried out aiming to investigate the safety and efficacy of Sovodak for 12 weeks during treatment of patients infected by genotype 1 hepatitis C virus (HCV). Methods: In this study, 50 patients (25 and 25 treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients, respectively) infected by HCV genotype 1 received Sovodak (1pill per day) for 12 weeks. Ribavirin was added for patients who had definitive evidence of liver cirrhosis. The sustained virological response (SVR12) was investigated 12 weeks after the end of the therapy. Results: All 50 patients completed the treatment period. The mean age of patients was 54.40 ± 11.69 years, in addition, 60% and 90% of the patients were male and infected by HCV genotype 1b, respectively. After 4 and 12 weeks of treatment with Sovodak, the HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) titer was undetectable in 82% and 100 % of the patients, respectively and 100% of them achieved SVR12. None of the subjects reported treatment discontinuation because of adverse events, however, 3 patients reported transient side effects including foot swelling, headache, and vomiting. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that once-daily Sovodak single-pill for 12 weeks is an effective and safe medicine for treating patients infected by HCV genotype 1
Evaluation of the endoscopic findings in patients with dyspepsia
Authors: Jafari Heidarloo Ali , Majidi Hamzeh , Mehryar Hamid Reza , Hoseini Azar Mohammad Reza , Hasani Leila
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Dyspepsia involves at least one of the cases of belly dysfunction after meals, early onset satiety when a person eats a normal meal, and epigastric pain or burning sensation. The aim of this study was to investigate endoscopic and pathological findings in patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia, Iran. Methods: One hundred patients who complained of two different types of dyspepsia enrolled and findings were recorded during the endoscopy. Also specimens were taken from all patients during endoscopy and sent to the lab for pathological examination. Pathologic findings of all patients were recorded from Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonies. Results: 60 patients were women (60%) and 40 were men (40%). 67% of patients had pain type dyspepsia and 33% of them had postprandial distress type. There was no significant relationship between gender and type of dyspepsia. Endoscopy findings consisted of 54% antral gastritis, 20% peptic ulcer, 43% esophagitis (mostly includes grade A), 5% hiatal hernia, 5% gastric metaplasia, 15% prepyloric ulcer, 18% duodenal ulcer, 38% positive for H. pylori, and 1% Barrett's esophagus disease which had no significant relationship with dyspepsia. Pathologic study findings showed 38% of patients had H. pylori infection with a significant higher incidence in patients with pain type dyspepsia. Conclusion: According to this study, the incidence of any endoscopic findings in patients with two different types of dyspepsia was not significantly different, but the rate of H. pylori infection in patients with pain type dyspepsia was much more than the postprandial type.
The Effect on Health Outcomes of Post-Intervention Transtheoretical Model-Based Motivational Interview in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Follow up a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Selçuk-Tosun Alime , Zincir Handan
Published: April 2019

Introduction: The individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus were supported with the individual motivational interview in the previous randomized controlled trial. The aim of this study was to assess whether the effect of motivational interview persists relative to the self-efficacy, metabolic control, and health-behavioral change of them. Methods: This study was contacted a cross-sectional design. This study was the follow-up to the previous randomized controlled trial. Total of 32 participants, including 18 from the intervention group and 14 from the control group, were contacted. No new intervention was performed to previous groups (control and intervention). The participants in the intervention and control groups were contacted by phone in the 18th month, and their self-efficacy, metabolic control and health behaviors were assessed. Results: The intergroup comparisons showed that the difference between the sixth month and 18th month was statistically significant except for medical treatment self-efficacy subscale score, postprandial blood glucose and waist circumference. The groups were similar in terms of their use of medicine, nutrition and physical activity behavior stages according to the 18th-month follow-up. Conclusion: This study found that the self-efficacy scores of the intervention group decreased negatively, and their metabolic values increased negatively in the 18th months, compared with the sixth month. In this respect, it is recommended that motivational interviews should be carried out at certain intervals assessing the characteristics of participants without discontinuing them after the intervention.
The Effect of Aromatherapy by Lavender Oil on Infant Vaccination Pain: a Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Vaziri Farideh , khosropoor Maryam , Hidari Mojtaba , Pourahmad Saeedeh , Morshed Behbahani Bahar , Saki Forough
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Exposure to noxious stimuli can cause pain in infants. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the lavender oil inhalation on the pain resulting from the pentavalent vaccination. Methods: This clinical trial consisted of two groups: the lavender oil group with 42 infants and the placebo group with 57 infants. The healthy infants without congenital abnormalities in need of pentavalent vaccine also participated in our study. The infants started the lavender oil or placebo aromatherapy one minute before injection. The pain was assessed three times, using the Neonatal Infant pain Scale (NIPS): before vaccination, 15 s, and 5 min after vaccination. Also, the duration of crying was measured in both groups. Results: At baseline, the two groups were similar in relation to the NIPS scores. While, after 5 minutes, the NIPS score was significantly lower in the lavender group. Based on the repeated measures analysis, the NIPS score changed over time totally. However, the two groups were significantly different in relation to the NIPS score over time. The duration of crying was 75.47 (60.675) second in the lavender group and 105.22 (75.739) s in the control group. The statistical test showed a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: A low concentration of the lavender oil inhalation can reduce the pain and improve soothing in the infants with the pentavalent vaccine injection.
Translation and Psychometric Testing Persian Version of Breast Cancer Screening Belief Questionnaire (BCSBQ) in Iranian Women
Authors: Saei Ghare Naz Marzieh , Ozgoli Giti , Ebadi Abbas , Kariman Nourossadat , Ghasemi Vida , Rashidi Fakari Farzaneh
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Women's screening beliefs play an important role in their performance. Since a short form questionnaire is necessary in the assessment of screening beliefs in Iranian society, this study was conducted with the aim of psychometric evaluation of the Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire (BCSBQ) among Iranian women. Methods: In this cross-sectional methodological study, 300 Iranian women who were aged 18 years or older, and who were attending healthcare centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, were selected in 2017-18. After a backward-forward translation procedure of BCSBQ was carried out, the face, content and construct validity of breast cancer-screening beliefs questionnaire were evaluated. In addition, the reliability was measured using the Cronbach's alpha and intra class correlation coefficients. Results: The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to extract three distinct factors, including: attitude, knowledge, and barriers to screening. The three-factor model fit was accepted for all factors based on standard indices (RMSEA = 0.12, χ2 = 2.832, GFI = 0.87, AGFI = 0.8, CFI = 0.94, NFI = 0.92). In addition, the instrument’s reliability was measured using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The instrument had an appropriate Cronbach alpha (0.78). The interclass correlation coefficient was obtained to be 0.93 within a range of 0.83-0.97. Conclusion: The three-factor structure of the BCSBQ-12 had appropriate validity and reliability among Iranian women. Considering its appropriate psychometric properties, this instrument can be employed in subsequent studies to measure women's breast cancer screening beliefs in Iran.
Iliac vein aneurysms: a comprehensive review
Authors: Zarrintan Sina , Tadayon Niki , Kalantar-Motamedi Seyed Moahammad Reza
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Iliac vein aneurysm is a rare clinical entity. Iliac venous tract is the least commonlocation for venous aneurysms. There are a few cases of common, external and internal iliac veinaneurysms in the literature. However, undiagnosed and ruptured iliac venous aneurysms couldhave hazardous consequences. Herein, we reviewed all literature cases of iliac vein aneurysms.Their potential diagnostic and therapeutic challenges are discussed. Literature Review: Following a systematic search, 50 cases of iliac venous aneurysms wereidentified. We used MEDLINE [1900-March 2018] and EMBASE [until March 2018]. MeSHterms of iliac vein/veins/venous, hypogastric, inferior vena cava and aneurysm/aneurysms wereused. Fifty patients with venous aneurysms located in common, external or internal iliac veinswere found in our systematic search. Seventeen patients were female (35.4%) and 31 patients weremale (64.6%). The age range was 13 to 70 years of age. The aneurysm was located in right side in17 patients (34%). It was located in left side in 29 patients (58%) and it was bilateral in 4 patients(8%). The aneurysm was located in common, external and internal iliac veins in 15 (30%), 31(62%) and 4 (8%) patients respectively. The aneurysm was due to a previous arteriovenousfistula (AVF) in 19 patients (38%) and of them, 16 patients (32%) had a history of AVF resultingfrom a previous trauma. 29 patients (59.2%) underwent open surgical treatment. Five patients(10.2%) underwent endovascular treatment. One patient (2.0%) underwent hybrid treatment.Conservative treatment was used in 14 patients (28.6%). Conclusion: Iliac vein aneurysms are extremely rare. Its diagnosis necessitates precise clinicalsuspicion and the treatment is based on patients’ clinical scenario and radiological features. Bothopen and endovascular techniques could be feasible. Iliac vein aneurysms are more commonin men. Left sided aneurysms are more common. The most common anatomic location isexternal iliac vein. The most common cause of iliac aneurysms is dilatation of vein secondary toa traumatic AVF.
Combination effect of voluntary exercise and garlic (Allium sativum) on oxidative stress, cholesterol level and histopathology of heart tissue in type 1 diabetic rats
Authors: Ghyasi Rafighe , Mohaddes Gisou , Naderi Roya
Published: April 2019

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the combination effect of voluntary exercise and garlic on oxidative markers, cholesterol level and histological alterations in streptozotocin (STZ)- induced diabetes in rat heart. Methods: Thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five experimental groups (n=7): Control, Diabetes, Diabetes+Garlic, Diabetes+Exercise, Diabetes+Garlic+Exercise groups. Diabetes was induced by STZ (ip, 50 mg/kg) in animals. Animals received garlic homogenate (250 mg/kg) by oral gavage or subjected to voluntary exercise alone or together for 6 weeks. At the end of intervention blood and heart tissue samples were obtained and used for measurement of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), cholesterol, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and histological analysis. Results: Improved blood glucose, cholesterol, total antioxidant capacity, and MDA levels were established in both Diabetes+Garlic and Diabetes+Exercise groups. Additionally, staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) revealed that voluntary exercise and garlic alone and together reduced interstitial edema, leukocyte infiltration, and myonecrosis. Furthermore, simultaneous treatment of diabetic rats with garlic and exercise training had an additive effect on these parameters. Conclusion: The findings indicated that combination therapy with garlic and voluntary exercise may present more beneficial effects in heart histological remodeling in diabetic rats than the use of garlic or voluntary exercise alone and that these beneficial effects might be associated with enhancement in cholesterol, total antioxidant capacity, and MDA levels.
The correlation between serum level of brain natriuretic peptide and amount of left to right shunt
Authors: Jamei Khosroshahi Ahmad , Molaei Akbar , Samadi Mahmoud , Eskandartash Elnaz
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Natriuretic peptides such as brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and pro-BNP are secreted in response to atrial and/or ventricular stretch. Left to right shunts such as ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), are treated medically or surgically. We aimed to evaluate whether the serum level of pro-BNP would be useful to measure the amount of the shunt. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 60 infants and children, in whom physical examinations approved heart murmur, and had undergone echocardiography by which VSD, ASD, or PDA had been proven, were included in the study. The relationship between serum BNP levels and severity of shunt (Qp/Qs) based on echocardiographic and hemodynamic evaluations, was studied. Results: There was a significant relationship between serum level of pro-BNP and the amount of the shunt in the patients with VSD, ASD, and PDA (P=0.01). A positive correlation was seen between pro-BNP serum level and Qp/Qs ratio. The mean ± SE serum level of pro-BNP in patients with Qp/Qs ratio of less than 1.5, equal to 1.5-2, and more than 2 was 30.83±2.4, 217.88±44.6, and 217.13±51.8, respectively showing a significant relationship (P=0.0001). The cut-off point of pro-BNP demonstrating a Qp/Qs ratio more than 1.5 was measured at the level of 40.36 pg/mL, with a sensitivity and specificity of 92% and 79%, respectively. Conclusion: Based on our study, the cut-off point of 40.36 pg/mL or more for pro-BNP, showing a Qp/Qs ratio more than 1.5, can be considered as an indication for interventional procedures.
Fatty Acid Profile of Roots and Aerial Parts of Ruscus hyrcanus Woronow
Authors: Bahadori Mir Babak , Asnaashari Solmaz , Nazemiyeh Hossein
Published: April 2019

Background: Ruscus specie are used as traditional medicine, food, and foliage. The aim of this work is the determination of fatty acid composition of Ruscus hyrcanus as a native medicinal plant of Iran for the first time together with comparison of different esterification methods. Methods: Two different esterification methods were used for preparation of esterified fatty acids from different extracts of underground and aerial parts of the herb. GC/MS analysis were used for identification and quantification of fatty acids. Finally, the results were compared. Results: Findings showed that R. hyrcanus is rich in essential fatty acids such as linoleic acid (13-25%) and linolenic acid (23-44%). Also, oil samples contain remarkable amount of palmitic acid (19-57%). Conclusion: The results showed that R. hyrcanus could be considered as a source of essential fatty acids. Also, it could be concluded that a simple esterification method with methanolic KOH and 2 min vortex is suitable for fatty acid analysis of Ruscus species.
The Ameliorative Effects of Allopurinol on Paraquat-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats
Authors: Shariati Saeedeh , Khodayar Mohammad Javad , Hemmati Aliasghar , Goudarzi Mehdi , Kiani Milad , Rezaei Anahita
Published: April 2019

Background: Pulmonary ﬁbrosis is described as a chronic idiopathic inﬂammatory disease of the interstitial lungs. It is associated with a potentially fatal prognosis, and patients show insignificant response to treatment. To treat paraquat (PQ)-induced pulmonary injury and fibrosis, multiple approaches have been used. We aimed to determine the effects of allopurinol (Allo), a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, on PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Methods: A total of 30 female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into five groups (200±20 g). Group 1 (control) and group 2 (PQ group) were intraperitoneally administered PQ (20 mg/kg) once on day seven without any treatment, while groups 3–5 orally received 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of Allo seven days before and three weeks following the administration of PQ, respectively. The animals were sacrificed three weeks after PQ administration. For the histopathological analysis and assessment of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroxyproline (HP) contents, the animals’ blood and lungs were collected. Results: The PQ group showed significantly higher lung HP, serum MDA, and lung index in comparison with the control. Treatment with Allo, especially at 100 and 200 mg/kg, decreased HP, MDA, and lung index significantly, compared to the PQ group. Allo could prevent inflammatory cell infiltration, presence of fibroblasts, and PQ-related alveolar thickening. Conclusion: The results revealed that Allo has potential protective effects on PQ-related pulmonary fibrosis, and the role of xanthine oxidase in the exacerbation of PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis was confirmed.
The Effects of Urtica dioica and Lamium album Extracts on the Expression Level of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Caspase-3 in the Liver and Kidney of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Khanaki Korosh , Abedinzade Mahmood , Hamidi Masoud
Published: April 2019

Background: Diabetes seems to be associated with increased inflammation and induced apoptosis in several tissues. Urtica dioica and Lamium album have shown to possess a variety of beneficial properties like anti-inflammatory effects. In this experimental study, we tried to evaluate the effects of U. dioica and L. album extracts on the expression level of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2; as an inflammation marker) and caspase-3 (CASP-3; as an apoptotic marker) in the liver and kidney tissues of diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to four groups: normal control, diabetic control, diabetic treated with U. dioica (100 mg/kg/daily), and diabetic treated with L. album (100 mg/kg/daily) for 28 days. At the end of the study, liver and kidney tissues were harvested and mRNA expression level of COX-2 and CASP-3 was determined by real-time PCR technique. Also, serum glucose was measured. Results: Liver COX-2 mRNA in diabetic rats was significantly higher than normal control rats (P=0.02). However, U. dioica and L. album caused significant decrease in mRNA expression of liver COX-2 in diabetic rats (P=0.015 and P=0.03, respectively). Also, in diabetic rats treated with both extracts, serum glucose was remarkably lower than diabetic control rats (P<0.0001 and P<0.01, respectively). Conclusion: It appears that U. dioica and L. album might decrease liver damage by decreasing the inflammatory effects of COX-2 in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Since these plant extracts may influence diabetes by several mechanisms, further research in this field is warranted.
Simultaneous Determination of 2-Nitrophenol and 4-Nitrophenol in Pharmaceutical Industrial Wastewater by Electromembrane Extraction Coupled with HPLC-UV Analysis
Authors: Yaripour Saeid , Mohammadi Ali , Mousavi Somayeh , Esfanjani Isa , Arabzadeh Naghmeh , Mozaffari Shahla
Published: April 2019

Background: In the present study, an electromembrane extraction (EME) followed by a simple high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of 2-nitrophenol (2-NP) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in pharmaceutical industrial wastewater sample. Main parameters of electromembrane extraction were evaluated and optimized. Methods: 1-octanol was immobilized in the pores of a polypropylene hollow fiber as supported liquid membrane. As a driving force, a 100 volt electrical voltage was applied to transfer the analytes from the sample solution (pH, 7.5) through the supported liquid membrane into an acceptor solution (pH, 12). Results: The best enrichment factors were obtained 36 and 72 for 2-NP and 4-NP, respectively after 15 minutes of extraction. The effect of carbon nanotube, as a solid nano-sorbent on EME efficiency, was also evaluated. The proposed method provided the linearity in the range of 10-1000 ng/mL for 2-NP (R2> 0.9997) and 4-NP (R2> 0.9999) with repeatability range (% RSD) between 2.6-10.3 % (n = 3). The limit of detection was 3 ng/mL and the limit of quantitation was 10 ng/mL. Conclusion: Finally, the method was applied for the determination of 2-NP and 4-NP in industrial wastewater samples with relative recoveries in the range between 67–76 %. EME improved the sensitivity of HPLC-UV for the determination of trace concentrations of these analytes.
Changes in Bench Press Velocity and Power After 8 Weeks of High-Load Cluster- or Traditional-Set Structures
Authors: Davies Timothy B. , Halaki Mark , Orr Rhonda , Helms Eric R. , Hackett Daniel A.
Published: April 2019

Davies, TB, Halaki, M, Orr, R, Helms, ER, and Hackett, DA. Changes in bench press velocity and power after 8 weeks of high-load cluster- or traditional-set structures. J Strength Cond Res 34(10): 2734–2742, 2020—This study investigated the effects of high-load cluster- vs. traditional-set structures using the bench press on velocity and power. Twenty-one resistance-trained individuals (male = 12, female = 9) performed a 3-week familiarization block followed by randomization into 1 of 2 upper- and lower-body split training routines performed for 8 weeks. The bench press was the only exercise manipulated with subjects using either cluster-set (CLUS, n = 11) or traditional-set (TRAD, n = 10) structures during training sessions. Subjects performed 4 sets of 5 repetitions at 85% 1 repetition maximum (1RM) with CLUS having a 30-second inter-repetition, and 3-minute interset rest while TRAD had a 5-minute interset rest. A load-velocity profile of relative loads derived from a 1RM test was used to assess velocity and power (absolute and relative to body mass) on the bench press. Significant improvements over time were found across various loads ranging from 45 to 75% 1RM for absolute and relative peak power (p = 0.006–0.041), and mean power (p = 0.001–0.032). Significant decreases over time were found at 55% 1RM and 65% 1RM for peak velocity (p = 0.027 and p = 0.012, respectively) and mean velocity (p = 0.047 and p = 0.022, respectively). There were no significant group or group by time interactions found for all outcomes. Within the context of high-load resistance training, set structure seems to be of less importance for changes in bench press velocity and power provided there is an intention to lift with maximal concentric velocity.
Glycated Hemoglobin and Lipid Profile Association Among Pregnant Women in Saudi Arabian Population
Authors: Anjum Farah , Zaini Rana , Shami Ashjan , Rehaili Amani , Kufia Rahma
Published: April 2019

Objectives: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is the most commonly used glycemic index among diabetic patients. The present study sought to investigate the relationship between HbA1c and lipid parameters among healthy pregnancies and gestational diabetic cases. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five Saudi pregnant women within the age group of 19 to 43 years were selected for this crosssectional study. The participants were categorized into with and without gestational diabetes (GDM), all of whom were non-smokers; in addition, they neither had a previous history of chronic illnesses nor were they on any medications which could alter lipid profile and HbA1c concentrations. Totally, 75 g of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was utilized to identify 25 women with GDM. All biochemical tests including HbA1c, fasting blood sugar (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol) were performed by a biochemical auto-analyzer. The collected data were statistically analyzed using a paired student’s t test. The P values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant on all the analyses related to healthy pregnancies and those associated with GDM. Results: The HbA1c and FBG values demonstrated significant correlation with GDM (P<0.001 each). However, TC, LDL-cholesterol, and TG failed to indicate any significant difference between the 2 groups. Conversely, HDL-cholesterol and the ratio of TG and HDLcholesterol revealed remarkable differences between GDM and healthy participants (P<0.05 each). Conclusions: In general, the blood levels of glucose, HbA1c, TG, and HDL-cholesterol are of paramount significance in GDM. Predictably, HbA1c can be employed as one of the markers in evaluating the risk factors in developing dyslipidemia among pregnant women.
Entrapped Urinary Calculi in Iatrogenically Created Vaginal Pocket During Robotic Repair of Vesicovaginal Fistula
Authors: Cope Zebulun , Platte Raisa
Published: April 2019

Primary vaginal calculi exist as an extremely rare topic discussed only through a handful of case reports. Based on the cases studied, it was reported that they have an association with urethral diverticulum, urogenital sinus anomalies, urogenital fistula or with utilization of transvaginal urethral slings. We present a case of an incidental finding of multiple vaginal calculi impacted in the proximal vagina in an iatrogenically created pocket after a failed Latzko procedure which were later discovered during a robotically assisted laparoscopic vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) repair by the extravesical approach. This is the first reported incident of multiple vaginal calculi associated with iatrogenically created intravaginal pocket after Latzko procedure.
Management of Early Menopause Using Traditional Persian Medicine: A Case Report
Authors: Behnoud Nasim , Bahrami Rosita , Kordafshari Gholamreza , Farzaneh Farahnaz , Mohammadi Kenari Hoorieh
Published: April 2019

Interruption of the activity of ovary before the age of forty is called premature ovarian failure (POF) in which ovaries lose their follicular and hormonal functions. A decline in the number of ovules before the age of menopause is a physiologic phenomenon. In the present case report, treatment of a patient by POF was reported using traditional Persian medicine principles. In Persian medicine, each humor has its own temperament. A change in the temperament and quality or quantity of these humors causes the disease and therefore modifying the temperament is the milestone of treatment. The patient was a 39-year-old married woman with irregular menstruation cycles and finally, cessation of menstruation. In this period, the patient had vaginal dryness, severe dyspareunia, gastritis, and parasomnia. At first, some instructions were ordered to change her lifestyle, for example, a change in food intakes, enough sleep, and exercise. In addition, several medications were ordered including the digestive system electuary (Majoun Jahaz Hazemeh), Eyaraj Fighara capsule and powder containing Glycyrrhiza glabra roots, Foeniculum vulgare and white sugar, oil massage of the abdomen and flanks, and cupping of the uterus. At the end of treatment, complete rehabilitation was achieved and menstruation irregularity, gastritis, and parasomnia were resolved. Based on the results, if a patient follows the rules and has a healthy lifestyle, inappropriate humor is unable to appear, the healing can be stable, and this disease or similar melancholic disorders fail to occur
What Happened to Novice EFL Teachers Professional Learning in Pesantren Based Billingual Program? Evidence from an Islamic Boarding School in East Lombok Indonesia
Authors: Hadi Marham Jupri , Rudiyanto Mohammad , Puji Anggraini Siti Wahyu , L Lume
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the practice of professional learning as experienced by novice English Foreign Language (EFL) Teachers especially those teaching at Islamic Boarding Schools or Pesantren which ran English and Arabic language program. Case study was employed by involving English Teachers and a School headmaster. This study revealed EFL teachers found it challenging to manage classroom. This is partly caused by the class size and their limited experiences and authority to manage class. They also suffered from intimidating lesson plans design. Moreover, they found it daunting to encourage students to learning English, resulting in teachers' stress. Further, barriers of novice EFL teachers' professional learning were associasted with their attitude toward continous learning needs and limited programs to improve teachers' competency.  It also revealed that this pesantren and the school where this study was carried out have yet to set TPD programs for its teachers. In fact, novice EFL teachers were unlikely to get necessary supports from school and senior teachers despite the presence of informal supervision from senior teachers.  ABSTRAKPenelitian ini mengkaji praktik pembelajaran profesional guru Bahasa Inggris pemula, khususnya yang mengajar di Pesantren yang menerapkan program bahasa Inggris dan Arab. Penelitian dengan desain studi kasus ini melibatkan Guru Bahasa Inggris dan kepala sekolah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa guru-guru bahasa Inggris tersebut menghadapi tantangan untuk mengelola kelas. Hal ini disebabkan oleh besarnya jumlah siswa di dalam satu kelas serta minimnya pengalaman dan wewenang mereka mengelola kelas. Mereka juga merasa terbebani oleh penyusunan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Mereka juga merasa kesulitan untuk memotivasi siswa belajar bahasa Inggris. Semua hal tersebut membuat guru-guru bahasa Inggris tersebut merasa tertekan. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang menghambat pembelajaran guru bahasa Inggris pemula tersebut adalah sikap guru terhadap kebutuhan belajar secara berkesinambungan dan terbatasnya program peningkatan kompetensi guru. Pesantren dan sekolah tempat penelitian ini dilakukan ternyata menetapkan program pengembangan profesi untuk guru-gurunya. Selain itu, para guru bahasa Inggris pemula tersebut tidak juga mendapatkan dukungan yang diperlukan dari sekolah dan guru senior meskipun telah ada supervisi informal dari guru senior.     How to Cite: Hadi, M. J., Rudiyanto, M., Anggraini, S. W. P., Lume. (2018). What Happened to Novice EFL Teachers Professional Learning in Pesantren Based Billingual Program? Evidence from an Islamic Boarding School in East Lombok Indonesia. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 5(2), 165-175. doi:10.15408/ijee.v5i2.10922
Assessing Students’ Understanding Towards Critical Reading and Its Impacts Towards Their Lives
Authors: Silalahi Rentauli Mariah
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTCritical reading was not a new term for university students but the levels to how students understand it and how it could help them develop in many aspects had seldom been studied. Therefore, this study tried to explore the levels of students’ understanding towards the meaning of critical reading, what possible problems could be present in the implementation, what activities could be carried out for practicing critical reading, and what benefits critical reading could bring to students’ lives. This study; conducted by survey questionnaire, was focused on IT students who had just finished a Reading course and were indicated not in favor of reading. From data analysis, it was found that the IT students did not know well that critical reading required interpreting and criticizing, did not realize potential problems in implementing critical reading and was not aware that critical reading practices could help improve their academic achievements.  ABSTRAKMembaca kritis bukanlah sebuah istilah baru untuk mahasiswa tetapi masih jarang dilakukan penelitian terhadap tingkat pemahaman mahasiswa terhadap makna dari membaca kritis dan bagaimana dengan membaca kritis dapat membantu mahasiswa dalam banyak hal. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat tingkat pemahaman mahasiswa terhadap makna membaca kritis, terhadap masalah yang mungkin muncul ketika melakukan kegiatan membaca kritis, terhadap contoh kegiatan yang dapat mengembangkan kegiatan membaca kritis, dan terhadap manfaat dari membaca kritis terhadap kehidupan mahasiswa. Kajian ini, yang dilakukan dengan metode survei kuesioner, difokuskan kepada mahasiswa IT yang baru saja menyelesaikan mata kuliah ‘Membaca’ dan yang diidentifikasi kurang berminat dalam membaca. Dari kajian yang dilakukan ditemukan bahwa mahasiswa IT tersebut tidak mengetahui dengan baik bahwa membaca kritis membutuhkan kemampuan untuk menafsirkan dan mengkritik, tidak menyadari berbagai macam tantangan yang muncul dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan membaca kritis, dan tidak menyadari bahwa dengan membaca kritis mahasiswa dapat meningkatkan prestasi akademik mereka.     How to Cite: Silalahi , R. M. (2018). Assessing Students’ Understanding Towards Critical Reading and Its Impacts Towards Their Lives. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 5(2), 191-203. doi:10.15408/ijee.v5i2.9532.
Faith and Disaster Resilience: What can Islamic Education Teach Children to Help Prepare Them for A Disaster?
Authors: Husni Rahiem Maila Dinia
Published: April 2019

AbstractChildren used their internal mechanisms, including faith, in coping and bouncing back after a disaster. In this paper, researcher examines the role of faith in building more resilient communities, and also how Islamic education at school can be used to help teach children to be better prepared for a disaster. The research suggests that Islamic education could be used to increase students hope after a disaster, to seek prayer as a source of strength and peace, to see the essential role of Muslim clergies in disaster recovery, and to see how some religious practices need to be understood in better ways. Qualitative narrative research was used as the method of inquiry with the primary source of data coming from interviews.  There are 27 child survivors being interviewed. All those interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed, then the transcripts were analysed to find any emerging themes.AbstrakBeberapa anak menggunakan mekanisme internal mereka, termasuk iman, dalam mengatasi dan bangkit kembali setelah bencana. Dalam makalah ini, peneliti meneliti peran iman dalam membangun komunitas yang lebih tangguh, dan juga bagaimana pendidikan Islam di sekolah dapat digunakan untuk membantu mengajar anak-anak agar lebih siap menghadapi bencana. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan Islam dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan harapan pelajar setelah bencana, untuk menjadikan doa sebagai sumber kekuatan dan perdamaian, untuk melihat peran penting para ulama Muslim dalam pemulihan bencana, dan untuk melihat bagaimana beberapa praktik keagamaan perlu dilakukan. dipahami dengan cara yang lebih baik. Penelitian naratif kualitatif digunakan sebagai metode penyelidikan dengan sumber data utama yang berasal dari wawancara. Ada 27 anak yang selamat yang diwawancarai. Semua wawancara itu direkam dan ditranskripsi, kemudian transkrip dianalisis untuk menemukan topik yang tampak. How to Cite : Rahiem, M. D. H. (2018).  Faith and Disaster Resilience: What can Islamic Education Teach Children to Help Prepare Them for a Disaster?. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 5(2), 178-192. doi:10.15408/tjems.v5i2.9964.
Transporting Children With Special Health Care Needs
Authors: O’Neil Joseph , Hoffman Benjamin ,   COUNCIL ON INJURY, VIOLENCE, AND POISON PREVENTION, Agran Phyllis F. , Denny Sarah A. , Hirsh Michael , Johnston Brian , Lee Lois K. , Monroe Kathy , Schaechter Judy , Tenenbein Milton , Zonfrillo Mark R. , Quinlan Kyran
Published: April 2019

Children with special health care needs should have access to proper resources for safe transportation as do typical children. This policy statement reviews important considerations for transporting children with special health care needs and provides current guidance for the protection of children with specific health care needs, including those with airway obstruction, orthopedic conditions or procedures, developmental delays, muscle tone abnormalities, challenging behaviors, and gastrointestinal disorders.