bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Es ist nicht leicht. Oder doch? — Das »Theater in Leichter Sprache«
Authors: Schmidt Anja , Scheim Clara-Maria , Schwenk Isabel , Gühne Sabine
Published: August 2022

Dieser Beitrag ist ein Briefwechsel zwischen Anja Schmidt, Spielerin der Theatergruppe Theater in Leichter Sprache des Theater für Niedersachsen (tfn), unterstützt durch Sabine Gühne mit Clara-Maria Scheim, Agentin für Inklusion am tfn und Isabel Schwenk, Künstlerin und Kulturwissenschaftlerin. Sie sprechen über ihre gemeinsamen Erfahrungen in der Theatergruppe Theater in Leichter Sprache, über Barrieren am Theater, über Ästhetiken des Zugangs, die Arbeit mit Leichter Sprache im Probenprozess und Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten und Visionen für ein »Theater in Leichter Sprache«. »Theater in Leichter Sprache« wird als Arbeitsbegriff und mögliches Label für ein auf sprachlicher Ebene leicht(-er) verständliches und somit vermutlich zugänglicheres Theater verwendet.
Einblicke und neue Perspektiven: Ethnografische Annäherungen an das Feld Hochschule
Authors: Richter Sophia , Friebertshäuser Barbara
Published: August 2022

Hochschulen als Orte der Verbindung von Forschung und Lehre, aber auch des studentischen und akademischen Lebens, des Studierens, Arbeitens und der Wissenschaft haben sich in ihrer langen Geschichte zu komplexen sozialen Gebilden entwickelt, die für Außenstehende kaum zu durchdringen sind. Welche sozialen Logiken sind in den Praktiken des Studierens, Lehrens und Forschens verankert und welche Interaktionen, Organisationen, Aufgaben, Angebote - aber auch Räume und Ausstattungen - sind damit verknüpft? Insbesondere die Ethnografie mit ihrem breiten Blick auf das Feld eröffnet diesbezüglich Möglichkeiten der analytischen Durchdringung, die wir in diesem Beitrag aufzeigen und exemplarisch am Beispiel eines ethnografischen Lehr-Lern-Forschungsprojektes in ihrem Ertrag diskutieren.
Organisiertes Engagement: Das Innenleben studentischer Vereinigungen
Authors: Meyer Daniel
Published: August 2022

Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Vielfalt studentischen Engagements in Deutschland und skizziert Eckpunkte einer Ethnografie studentischen Vereinslebens. Am Fallbeispiel des Kölner Organisationsforums Wirtschaftskongress (OFW) zeigt er auf, wie sich Studierendeninitiativen ethnografisch erforschen lassen und welche Bedeutung ihnen im Kontext der Hochschulethnografie zukommt. Hierzu erkundet er Praktiken der Vergemeinschaftung, Prozesse der beruflichen Sozialisation und Elemente der materiellen Kultur. Darauf aufbauend arbeitet der Beitrag methodische Besonderheiten einer Ethnografie studentischen Vereinslebens heraus und diskutiert die damit verbundenen Herausforderungen und Potenziale, darunter auch Fragen des Feldzugangs, der Fallauswahl und des Verhältnisses von Nähe und Distanz.
Praxeologie der Ethnografie
Authors: Meier zu Verl Christian
Published: August 2022

Christian Meier zu Verl widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Praxis der Ethnografie. Seine Praxeologie der Ethnografie fragt nach den praktischen Bedingungen des Gelingens ethnografischer Forschung und formuliert - im Gegensatz zur normativen Wissenschaftstheorie - neue wissenschaftsempirische und praxistheoretische Einsichten. Dieser Beitrag zielt auf eine praxeologische Respezifizierung methodologischer Vorstellungen und vollzieht dabei einen reflexiven "empirical turn" innerhalb der Methodologie der Soziologie.
Hearing Sexism
Authors: Müller LJ
Published: August 2022

If pictures can be sexist, can analyzing sound reveal sexism, too? Where is the language to discuss sexism in music? LJ Müller tackles these important questions in their 2018 German book titled Sound und Sexismus, which was awarded the IASPM 2019 book prize. Analyzing the voices of Kurt Cobain, Kate Bush, Björk and others, Müller demonstrates how gender is performed vocally and interacts with gendered aspects of embodiment and affect. The book is written from a strongly positioned and personal feminist perspective and is appealing to readers from various backgrounds - singers, producers, music lovers, as well as academics and anyone with an interest in feminist takes on pop culture.
Behinderung
Authors: Dederich Markus
Published: August 2022

Der Artikel arbeitet anhand verschiedener Modelle Konvergenzen zwischen disability und fatness heraus. Diese Modelle eröffnen nanalytisch fruchtbare Perspektiven, fatness sozial, politisch und kulturell zu rahmen, sondern auch, Behinderung und Fatness auf intersektionale Verschränkungen hin zu untersuchen.
Feminismus
Authors: Schmincke Imke
Published: August 2022

Imke Schmincke beschäftigt sich in dem Beitrag mit dem Verhältnis von Feminismus und Fat Aktivismus seit der zweiten Frauenbewegung. Auch wenn schon früh deutlich wurde, dass fat für den Feminismus und dessen Kritik an Körpernormen, Objektivierung und Sexualisierung weiblicher Körper ein zentraler Aspekt ist, hat sich der Fat Aktivismus nur in Teilen aus der Frauenbewegung heraus und auch in kritischer Auseinandersetzung dazu entwickelt. Er wird erst in den letzten Dekaden im Zuge eines stärker intersektional orientieren Feminismus offensiv propagiert.
Intersektionalität
Authors: Brückmann Rebecca
Published: August 2022

Dieser Beitrag untersucht die analytische Funktion, die Intersektionalität in Fat Studies einnimmt.
Kind
Authors: Schmidt Friederike
Published: August 2022

Die öffentliche Repräsentation von Kindern mit hohem Körpergewicht zeichnet sich durch eine Fokussierung auf ihren Körper aus, der vielfach unbekleidet oder in zu engen Kleidungsstücken abgebildet wird. Dabei werden die Kinder weitgehend beim Essen von süßen und fettigen Lebensmitteln abgebildet und/oder beim TV-Konsum, das sie - neben dem Essen - einzig zu befriedigen scheint. Der Beitrag geht dieser Repräsentation von Kindern mit hohem Körpergewicht unter Berücksichtigung sozialinvestiver Politiken nach. In deren Lichte ist Ernährung zunehmend öffentlichen und politischen Einflussnahmen ausgesetzt und wird eine Problematisierung des dicken Kinderkörpers erreicht, die ein frühzeitiges und umfängliches Eingreifen in die Ernährung und Körperlichkeit der Kinder plausibilisiert.
Light
Authors: Post Antonie
Published: August 2022

Dr. Antonie Post widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage, wie Light-Produkte auf den Körper, die Psyche und die Gesellschaft wirken. Sie widmet sich der Frage, ob Light-Produkte tatsächlich leichter und gesünder sind, welche Botschaften sie aussenden und wie sie indirekt das gesellschaftliche Vorurteil befeuern, dass das Körpergewicht beliebig durch Ernährung und Willenskraft beeinflussbar sei und damit dazu beitragen, die Diskriminierung und Stigmatisierung hochgewichtiger Menschen aufrechtzuerhalten.
Professionelle
Authors: Rose Lotte
Published: August 2022

Lotte Rose zeichnet nach, was dicke Berufstätige in der Arbeitswelt erleben, welchen Stigmatisierungen sie ausgesetzt sind, nicht nur von Seiten der Vorgesetzten oder Kolleg_innen, sondern auch von Seiten der Kund_innen. Besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf die Situation in pädagogischen Berufen gerichtet.
Risikofaktor
Authors: Offermann Stefan
Published: August 2022

Der Glossarbeitrag beschäftigt sich in historisch-kritischer Perspektive mit dem Begriff »Risikofaktor«. Dabei handelt es sich um ein Konzept, das die komplexe Entstehung von sog. »Zivilisationskrankheiten« beschreibbar machen und deren Bekämpfung anleiten soll. Wenn es im 20. und 21. Jahrhundert um die Frage des biopolitischen Regierens von Individuen und Bevölkerungen geht, ist der Begriff des »Risikofaktors« nicht mehr wegzudenken.
Stigma
Authors: Augst Ann Kristin , Kim Tae Jun
Published: August 2022

Ann Kristin Augst und Tae Jun Kim widmen sich in diesem Beitrag der Stigmatisierung und Diskriminierung dicker Körper. Sie beschreiben die Gewordenheit gesellschaftlicher Annahmen über mehrgewichtige Menschen. Dabei betonen die beiden Autor*innen die Verquickung historischer Normen mit folgenreichen Zuschreibungen im Hier und Jetzt.
Topographien der Adoleszenz
Authors: Heuser Lydia
Published: August 2022

Mehr als drei Jahrzehnte nach der Wiedervereinigung wächst das allgemeine und popkulturelle Interesse an der vergangenen Bonner Republik. Im Gegensatz zum Erinnerungsraum DDR gibt es zu dessen westlichen Pendant kaum literaturwissenschaftliche Arbeiten. Lydia Heuser wendet sich dieser Leerstelle zu und analysiert, wie in der deutschsprachigen Gegenwartsliteratur das Aufwachsen zur Zeit des Kalten Krieges in Westdeutschland dargestellt wird. Ihre Untersuchung autofiktionaler Lesarten und die raumtheoretische Analyse der Werke von Gerhard Henschel, Sven Regener, Rocko Schamoni und Ralf Bönt offenbaren einen neuen Blick auf die Zeit der Zweistaatlichkeit und deren Rezeption.
Das Paradigma der Gabe
Authors: Caillé Alain
Published: August 2022

Es gibt keine Gesellschaft ohne Gaben. Nicht Marktprinzipien organisieren soziale Beziehungen, sondern Geben, Nehmen und Erwidern als dreifache Verpflichtung. Im Anschluss an Marcel Mauss legt Alain Caillé einen umfassenden Neuentwurf der Sozialtheorie der Gabe vor. Dazu synthetisiert er die seit rund 40 Jahren vorgenommene Bemühung um ein Gabenparadigma, insbesondere die Arbeiten der französischen MAUSS-Gruppe, die für einen Anti-Utilitarismus in den Sozialwissenschaften plädiert. Das Ergebnis ist eine allgemeine Theorie des Zusammenlebens, die es ermöglicht, Alternativen zum Neoliberalismus und zu ökonomistischen Visionen menschlicher und nicht-menschlicher Subjekte zu denken. Dabei wird das Potenzial der Gabentheorie und ihrer praktischen Implikationen sichtbar, die neue Perspektiven auf Bereiche wie Ökonomie, Anerkennung, Care, Natur, Konsum, internationale Beziehungen, Herrschaft oder Religion bieten.
Zwischen Pastiche und Zitat
Authors: Döhl Frédéric
Published: August 2022

Künstlerisches Schaffen hat stets einen signifikanten Bearbeitungsanteil, nicht nur da, wo es um Transformationen fremder Werke geht. Werke Dritter inspirieren das eigene Schaffen und hinterlassen Spuren darin. Hier entstehen Konflikte um ökonomisches, kulturelles und soziales Kapital. Das Urheberrecht versucht diese zu moderieren und zu regulieren. Die rechtlichen Bedingungen, unter denen in Deutschland geschützte künstlerische Arbeiten Dritter erlaubnisfrei in eigenen neuen künstlerischen Werken verwendet werden dürfen, haben sich seit 2019 radikal gewandelt. Frédéric Döhl bewertet den neu erreichten Stand des Bearbeitungsrechts aus Sicht der künstlerischen Theorie und Praxis. Mit seinem Fokus auf fremdreferenzielles Komponieren schließt er an sein Buch »Mashup in der Musik« (2016) an, dessen rechts- und kulturpolitische Position sich nun mit einer Lebens- und Rechtswirklichkeit konfrontiert sieht, die sich - so die Kernthese der neuen Analysen - kategorial geändert hat.
Die verborgenen Codes der Erben
Authors: Bublitz Hannelore
Published: August 2022

Gesellschaftliche Eliten funktionieren wie quasi-religiöse Zirkel: Glaubenssätze, Komplizenschaft und Korpsgeist bewahren in lautloser Weitergabe ihr Erbe. Die soziale Magie verdeckter Praktiken - unbewusst ins Spiel gebracht - sorgt für die Sicherung ihrer (Macht-)Positionen und das Fortbestehen sozialer Ungleichheit. Hannelore Bublitz deckt diese Automatismen auf, die signifikant von der sozialen Herkunft abhängen und wie eine natürliche Gabe wirken. Sie zeigt, dass man sozialen Aufstieg nicht durch Bildung erlangt, sondern durch Einsätze in einem Spiel, das einen ganzen Schatz an sorgsam gehütetem Wissen voraussetzt - aber im Gewand allen zugänglicher Werte auftritt.
Politik des Miteinander
Authors: Herzhoff Simon
Published: August 2022

Was heißt es, gemeinsam zu sein und gemeinsam zu handeln? Eine Antwort auf die erste dieser drängenden Fragen hält Jean-Luc Nancy (1940-2021) bereit. In der Auseinandersetzung u.a. mit Georges Bataille und Martin Heidegger entwickelt er eine Philosophie des Mit-Seins, die einen Individualismus ebenso wie einen Holismus hinter sich lässt. Simon Herzhoff zeichnet dieses Vorgehen detailliert nach und diskutiert darüber hinaus die Frage, wie man gemeinsam (politisch) handeln kann. Dabei bezieht er Theorien kollektiver Intentionalität, die Philosophien Cornelius Castoriadis', Ernesto Laclaus und Chantal Mouffes sowie architekturphilosophische Ansätze mit ein.
Adorno und Andere
Authors: Müller-Jentsch Walther
Published: August 2022

Der Soziologe und Kunsttheoretiker Theodor W. Adorno hat mit seinen Aufsätzen und Büchern den Diskurs über die künstlerische Produktion in der Moderne maßgeblich mitgeprägt. Walther Müller-Jentsch führt mit seinen Analysen ins Zentrum des ausgreifenden kunstsoziologischen Denkens Adornos ein - und im weiteren Kontext ins Kunstverständnis ihm verwandter Meisterdenker wie Max Weber, Pierre Bourdieu und Herbert Marcuse. Mit seinen weiteren Überlegungen zur Kunst als Profession und als Medium der Kritik ergänzt er die kaleidoskopische Sicht auf das moderne Kunstsystem mit Einsichten aus Literatur- und Kunstsoziologie, Ästhetik und Kunstgeschichte.
Selbstsorge im Leben mit Demenz
Authors: Keller Valerie
Published: August 2022

In der medialen Öffentlichkeit besitzt das Thema Demenz hohe Präsenz. Menschen mit Demenz selbst kommen dabei aber kaum zu Wort. Diese vernachlässigten Stimmen bieten die Basis von Valerie Kellers kulturwissenschaftlicher Studie zur Selbstsorge bei Demenz. Anhand von Gesprächen mit Betroffenen zeigt sie auf, wie Menschen mit Demenz auf sich und andere einwirken, um mit zentralen Herausforderungen ihrer Situation umzugehen. Ohne Ängste, Zerrüttungen und Nöte zu verschweigen, legt sie dar, wie erfüllt ein Leben mit Demenz sein kann. Der Schlüssel dazu liegt nicht zuletzt in den sozialen Umfeldern, die die Selbstsorgebestrebungen von Menschen mit Demenz erkennen und unterstützen.
Commoning Art - Die transformativen Potenziale von Commons in der Kunst
Authors: Hofmann Vera , Euler Johannes , Zurmühlen Linus , Helfrich Silke
Published: August 2022

Auf Selbstorganisation und Fürsorge basierende Commons-Ansätze eröffnen auch der Kunst Chancen zur Veränderung und Transformation. Aber wie kann Gemeinschaffen - Commoning - in der Kunst gelingen? Das transdisziplinäre Autor*innenteam verbindet die aktuelle Commons-Forschung mit feministischen, queeren, postkolonialen und ökosozialen Perspektiven. Mit der Analyse von Kunst für Commons, Kunst als Commons und Kunst durch Commoning sowie entlang konkreter Projekte werden Thesen und Werkzeuge formuliert, die Orientierung und Inspiration für die eigene Praxis bieten können.
»Ich fände es schön, wenn sich Museen verletzlich zeigen!«
Authors: Knoll Hedda Ofoole
Published: August 2022

Im Gespräch mit Mariane Pöschel vom Stadtmuseum Berlin berichtet Dr. Hedda Ofoole Knoll, Expertin und Trainerin für Anti-Diskriminierung und Intersektionalität, über ihre Erfahrungen mit Museen und anderen Kulturinstitutionen. Sie spricht über die Herausforderungen in der Arbeit als Schwarze Trainerin mit mehrheitlich weißen Teilnehmenden, über Fragen der Willkommenskultur und über das Potential von künstlerischen und partizipativen Zugängen beim Umgang mit dem Thema Kolonialismus in Museen. Hedda Ofoole Knoll betont dabei die große Bedeutung von Transparenz. Wenn Museen den Mut haben, auch Leerstellen und Versäumnisse offenzulegen und vermitteln, dass sie sich auf den Weg gemacht haben, ist dies ein wichtiger Schritt hin zu einer Dekolonisierung der Kulturinstitutionen.
Ökonomie - Praxis - Subjektivierung
Authors: Bäuerle Lukas
Published: August 2022

Wie sähen Wirtschaftswissenschaften aus, die sich konsequent den Praktiken wirtschaftender Akteur*innen zuwenden? Um diese Frage zu beantworten, entwickelt Lukas Bäuerle einen konzeptuellen Rahmen aus Institutionen- und Praxistheorien, kritischem Realismus und Sozialphänomenologie, den er stringent zu einer praxeologischen Institutionenforschung zuspitzt. Am Beispiel der Subjektivierungspraktiken von Studierenden der Wirtschaftswissenschaften dekliniert er seinen Ansatz durch und deutet die empirischen Ergebnisse in Anlehnung an Friedrich Hayek, Karl Marx und Roberto Unger. Das Ergebnis: Wirtschaftswissenschaften sollten nicht nur grundlegend neu gemacht werden, sondern können es auch!
The Bradyrhizobium uaiense strain UFLA 03-164T enhanced yield performance of cowpea in soils with low or high phosphorus content
Authors: Xavier de Sousa Jóice , De Jesus Correia Andreza , Jilson Cruz Dias Antonio , Castor da Silva Caeline , Lopes Leal Patrícia , Rocabado Juan Manuel Anda , Fatima Maria de Souza Moreira  , Rafaela Simão Abrahão Nóbrega
Published: August 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of rhizobia strains already approved or in the selection stage for cowpea, in the Recôncavo da Bahia region, Brazil. Two field experiments were performed in the municipalities of Cruz das Almas and Maragogipe, Bahia, Brazil. A randomized block design was used with seven nitrogen sources and four replicates. Nitrogen sources consisted of the strains UFRB FA51B1, UFRB BA72C2-1, UFLA 03-164T, UFLA 03-84, INPA 03-11B, and two controls without inoculation, one with mineral nitrogen and another without. All the strains nodulated cowpea. The efficiency of the strains was determined by the number of nodules, nodule dry matter, total dry matter, grain yield, nitrogen accumulation in shoots and grain, and relative efficiency. The strain UFLA 03-164T can be recommended for biomass production, green manure, and promotion of grain yields in both soils. In Maragogipe, the UFLA 03-84 and INPA 03-11B strains can be recommended for biomass production, green manure, and promotion of grain yields. The UFLA 03-164T strain showed great potential to promote and grain yield in the two municipalities studied. The strain INPA 03-11B can be recommended for Maragogipe soil. UFLA 03-84 can also be recommended to increase grain yield in Cruz das Almas.
Fire-safe Distance Between Ro-Ro Space Openings and Life-saving Appliances
Authors: Mindykowski Pierrick
Published: August 2022

As part of the FIRESAFE II project commissioned by the European Maritime Safety Agency a study was performed to determine a safe distance between side openings and Life-Saving Appliances (LSA) in ro-ro spaces to keep them available and usable for evacuation. The study utilised analytical calculations and CFD simulations. Two exclusion zones, where LSA should not be placed, were defined. The first zone relates to LSA within an embarkation station and includes the full vertical side of the ship, 6 metres forward and aft the opening. The second zone, without presence of passengers, consisted of the exclusion zone extending 6 metres around the opening. The results presented in the paper have been implemented in the International Maritime Organization interim guidelines for minimising the incidence and consequence of fires in ro-ro spaces and special category spaces of new and existing ro-ro passenger ships.
Bergman–Szegő kernel asymptotics in weakly pseudoconvex finite type cases
Authors: Hsiao Chin-Yu , Savale Nikhil
Published: August 2022

We construct a pointwise Boutet de Monvel–Sjöstrand parametrix for
the Szegő kernel of a weakly pseudoconvex three-dimensional CR
manifold of finite type assuming the range of its tangential CR operator
to be closed; thereby extending the earlier analysis of Christ.
This particularly extends Fefferman’s boundary asymptotics of the
Bergman kernel
to weakly pseudoconvex domains
in

ℂ
2

{\mathbb{C}^{2}}

, in agreement with D’Angelo’s example.
Finally, our results generalize a three-dimensional CR embedding theorem
of Lempert.
Potential factors of Helicobacter pylori resistance to clarithromycin
Authors: Serebrova Svetlana , Kurguzova Daria , Krasnykh Lyudmila , Vasilenko Galina , Drozdov Vladimir , Lazareva Natalia , Shikh Eugenia , Zhuravleva Marina , Rykova Svetlana , Eremenko Natalia , Kareva Elena , Mirzaev Karin , Sychev Dmitriy , Prokofiev Alexey
Published: August 2022

Objectives

A comparative dissolution kinetics test (CDKT) and bioequivalence studies of generic proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) do not model pharmacological acid suppression (PAS) and pathological duodenogastric reflux (PDGR). This study aimed to model them in CDKT to assess drugs stability and potential pantoprazole-clarithromycin interactions.

Methods

In CDKT, PDGR (dissolution medium pH 7.00 ± 0.05, preexposure at pH 1.20 ± 0.05) and PAS (pH 4.00 ± 0.05) were modelled for original pantoprazole (OP) and its generics (GP1-4). In CDKT with high-performance liquid chromatography, dissolution gastric medium in adequate (pH 4.00 ± 0.05) and inadequate (pH 1.20 ± 0.05) PAS were modelled for original clarithromycin (OC) and its generics (GC1-4).

Results

After exposure in pH 7.00 ± 0.05, pantoprazole was released from GP1 within 10 min in the amount of 68.8%. In рН 4.00 ± 0.05, 83.0% and 81.5% of pantoprazole were released from GP1 and GP4. When OP, GP2 and GP3 were placed in pH 7.00 ± 0.05, pantoprazole was released in amount: 99.4%, 88.0% and 98.2%. Clarithromycin releasing from OC, GC1, GC2, GC3, GC4 in pH 4.00 ± 0.05 was 93.5%, 91.6%, 92.9%, 79.4% and 83.0%. In pH 1.20 ± 0.05: 9.7%, 6.7%, 8.5%, 33.3%, 28.8%.

Conclusions

Destruction of enteric coats of some local pantoprazole generics in CDKT-models might be a potential factor for inadequate therapy.
Competitive Strategy in Everyday Entrepreneurial Ventures: A Self-determination Theory Perspective
Authors: J. Fox Corey , W. Rayburn Steven
Published: August 2022

Everyday ventures are important engines of economic and social development around the world. These types of ventures tend to be resource constrained, focused on regional service areas, and rely almost exclusively on replicative approaches to business. Despite their prevalence, these types of ventures receive far less attention in the literature than their innovative, growth-focused counterparts. Thus, there is still much we do not know about how the entrepreneurs behind these types of ventures approach strategy and measure their success. In this qualitative study, we utilize self-determination theory to interpret interview data and illustrate how venture launch and strategic choice allow everyday entrepreneurs to self-fulfill their psychological needs through their business. Doing so, our research answers questions related to: 1) everyday venture launch; 2) the strategies everyday entrepreneurs pursue to position their venture in the market; and, 3) the metrics by which everyday entrepreneurs measure the success of their venture. We find that everyday entrepreneurs self-fulfill their needs for autonomy, relatedness, and competence by launching their ventures and making specific strategic choices regarding competition. More specifically, we find that everyday entrepreneurs primarily rely on differentiation strategies focused on high-quality offerings coupled with a premium customer service experience, while measuring success using an approach similar to the balanced scorecard. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for theory and practice.
Analysis and optimization of feed liquid flow characteristics of distributor in scraping film molecular distillation equipment
Authors: Zhang Haodong , Duan Zhenya , Zhang Junmei , Liu Bin , Jiang Wencai , Zhou Qingwei
Published: August 2022

The initial liquid film is the basis of material evaporation during distillation, so it is of great significance to study the distribution of the initial liquid film of distributor in the process of scraping film molecular distillation. In this paper, CFD is used to study the distribution of distributor liquid film, and the mathematical model of the triangular tooth distributor and its peripheral cylinder is established, and the effects of the triangular tooth distributor’s speed, feed rate, and feed position on initial liquid film uniformity are investigated. And the reliability of the numerical simulation model is verified by experiments. In this paper, a new feed structure that includes an intermediate feed device and inclined tooth distributor is proposed and researched by numerical simulation. And compared with the previous structure, the liquid film distribution is more uniform. This has important guiding significance to the optimization of equipment in production.
Allocation of Adaptation Aid: A Normative Theory
Authors: Mukherjee Vivekananda , Rübbelke Dirk , Stahlke Theresa , Brumme Anja
Published: August 2022

The paper derives an efficient allocation rule of adaptation aid from a donor to the recipient nations, which is different from the traditional development aid literature. The design of the allocation rule takes care of the optimum reaction of the nations on receipt of the aid. It suggests that the allocation rule must take care of (i) distributional weight of the recipients on the donor’s welfare, (ii) their vulnerability to climate change, (iii) their efficiency in using the aid and (iv) their mitigation response to the aid. It discusses the way these factors can be incorporated in an implementable rule by use of the available data. The score of a nation derived from the first three factors requires an upward/downward adjustment if the adaptation aid leads to an increase/decrease of the mitigation effort of the country. A nation receiving a higher score is rewarded with higher allocation of aid. The paper suggests as a rule of thumb that the aid in the form of technical assistance requires a downward adjustment and the aid in monetary form requires an upward adjustment in the score.
The application of graphic language in animation visual guidance system under intelligent environment
Authors: Zhao Luning
Published: August 2022

With the continuous development of society, the role of the visual guidance system in animation design has also evolved and evolved in its long history, leading to the changes in the values of modern beauty. In the field of modern social and cultural design, the visual guidance system in animation design has unique regional nature and cultural influence. The visual language should correspond to the visual environment and easy to understand and be known by people. It combines animation conception and design technology to capture the cultural charm and beauty, values, and behavioral norms of people in different fields. This article studies and analyzes the visual orientation of graphic language in the design of animation visual guidance system, and injects the graphic language with orientation into its animation design, so that the animation design is more in line with the characteristics of the times. It can be more adapted to the emerging media and better convey the information transfer between the enterprise and the audience. To further understand the audience’s tendency toward elements of graphic expression, this article analyzes the subjective perceptions of the respondents on the importance of color selection, calligraphy fonts, graphic expression, and modeling meaning. The results of the study showed that the respondents aged 21–35 paid more attention to the choice of graphic colors, and the highest number was 69.
Mask-related skin changes among healthcare workers in a community-based hospital
Authors: Valk Brittany , Ivanov Nedyalko N. , Nahhas Amanda , Corwin Katie , Hansen Katrina , Globerson Jeff , LaCasse Annette , Corser William , Sikorski Lynn
Published: August 2022

Context

During the COVID-19 pandemic, dermatologists within the Beaumont Farmington Hills’ Dermatology program noticed an increase in conditions associated with mask wearing, such as “maskne” (acne in a mask distribution, thought to be caused by mask wearing), as well as worsening of previously diagnosed dermatologic conditions.

Objectives

The goal of our study was to explore various factors that impacted mask-related skin changes and how these skin changes affected quality of life.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was performed. The primary 10-item survey instrument administered was the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Respondents were asked a series of 10 additional questions concerning the degree to which abnormal mask-related skin conditions affect their skin symptoms, possible embarrassment/self-consciousness, and perceived impact of mask-related skin changes. A series of descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation charts, and graphical examinations of data was utilized to evaluate sample subgroup and outcome distributional patterns. Pearson r bivariate correlation coefficients between possible collinear predictive measures on the primary study outcome were calculated. A series of simple inferential chi-squared (Χ2) tests of independence were also conducted.

Results

A total of 370 out of 430 (86.0%) Beaumont Health employees noticed some degree of skin changes since the work-hours face mask requirement was instituted, while 378 out of 430 (87.9%) felt that their skin was better when not wearing a mask. The majority of respondents, 283 (65.8%), reported having at least a little symptomatic skin (i.e., itchy, painful, sore, stinging) during the prior week. Furthermore, 72.3% reported that they were at least a little embarrassed or self-conscious of their skin. Chi-squared analysis of composite DLQI score categories by the number of types of masks utilized (Pearson X2=19.0, df=8, p=0.015), and some degree of symptomatic skin (Pearson X2=156.4, df=4, p<0.001) were found to be statistically significant.

Conclusions

A large number of healthcare workers are affected by mask-related skin changes. Further research should be directed at better understanding how skin changes associated with mask wearing impact one’s quality of life and mental health.
Racial and ethnic representation in 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate preterm birth prevention studies: a systematic review
Authors: Smith Megan M. , Weber Jeremy M. , Truong Tracy , Swamy Geeta K. , Wheeler Sarahn M.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

The US preterm birth rate varies dramatically by race and ethnicity yet the racial and ethnic representation within studies evaluating 17-hydroxprogesterone caproate (17-P) for preterm birth prevention is unknown. The objectives of our study were to 1) examine the racial and ethnic representation of participants in 17-P preterm birth prevention studies, 2) evaluate adherence to the NIH race and ethnicity reporting guidelines and 3) compare racial and ethnic representation in research studies to national preterm birth incidence.

Methods

We systematically reviewed US studies published between January 2000 and December 2019. Study participant’s race and ethnicity were reported using descriptive statistics then compared to US 2017//2018 preterm birth data using Pearson’s chi-square.

Results

Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria, 17 studies reported race, 11 studies reported ethnicity, and yet none of the studies followed the NIH criteria. Compared to 2017/2018 US preterm births, the proportion of black/African American study participants was significantly higher whereas the proportions of all other race categories were lower.

Conclusions

More detailed reporting of race and ethnicity is needed in 17-P literature. Black women appear to be well represented while other racial and ethnic groups may be understudied.
Eco-critical language awareness for English language teaching (ELT): Promoting justice, wellbeing, and sustainability in the classroom
Authors: Micalay-Hurtado Marco A. , Poole Robert
Published: August 2022

Critical Language Awareness (CLA) seeks to promote social justice by explicitly calling attention to power issues in the context of literacy development and language instruction. In this article, we assert that a CLA approach to English language teaching (ELT) which does not recognize and account for the urgency of climate change and its myriad effects on present and future generations of learners is flawed. It is time ELT extends a critical lens to the role that our practices and pedagogies serve in the (re)production of attitudes, ideologies, identities, and actions which contribute to ecological degradation and climate crisis while also engaging how we may advance ecological wellbeing and sustainability. This article outlines the rationale for this ecolinguistics-informed CLA (eco-CLA) approach to English language instruction by asserting the compatibility of ecolinguistics and CLA and the intersection of social, linguistic, and environmental justice. It then presents and discusses five principles for an eco-CLA approach to ELT that can be applied to a range of language learning contexts.Finally, it demonstrates how these principles can be operationalized within ELT by presenting a series of instructional activities.
Two-dimensional quantitative near-field phase imaging using square and hexagonal interference devices
Authors: Dvořák Petr , Klok Pavel , Kvapil Michal , Hrtoň Martin , Bouchal Petr , Krpenský Jan , Křápek Vlastimil , Šikola Tomáš
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate the formation of the near field with non-trivial phase distribution using surface plasmon interference devices, and experimental quantitative imaging of that phase with near-field phase microscopy. The phase distribution formed with a single device can be controlled by the polarization of the external illumination and the area of the device assigned to the object wave. A comparison of the experimental data to a numerical electromagnetic model and an analytical model assigns the origin of the near-field phase to the out-of-plane electric component of surface plasmon polaritons, and also verifies the predictive power of the models. We demonstrate a formation of near-field plane waves with different propagation directions on a single device, or even simultaneously at distinct areas of a single device. Our findings open the way to the imaging and tomography of phase objects in the near field.
New possibilities for macroscopic imaging in test laboratories – Modern light field objective lenses serving as the basis for large-scale 3D topography reconstruction and quantification
Authors: Kasper M. , Müller M. , Illgner-Fehns K. , Stanishev K. , Britz D. , Mücklich F.
Published: August 2022

Representative macroscopic images of a sample are an integral part of many material testing methods. Usually, a digital camera attached to a macro stand is used. Recurring problems include reflections from the surface of the sample or the fact that regular 2D representations of fracture surfaces, for example, do not always permit a correct interpretation at a later point. In this study, a novel objective lens from K|Lens GmbH, capable of recording the depth information of the surface with a digital camera in a single shot and enabling three-dimensional reconstruction will be used to evaluate potential applications. Furthermore, application limits in macroscopic imaging and the analysis of typical metallographic samples, with the focus being on three-dimensional imaging and quantification, will be studied.
Failure analysis of stainless and heat resisting steels, documented on selected examples
Authors: Weilnhammer G.
Published: August 2022

Failures of stainless and heat-resistant austenitic CrNi steels frequently occur in practice due to incorrect material selection, improper processing or unforeseeable factors under operating conditions.

Selected examples will be used to illustrate various of these factors influencing the development of failure.
Automated color etching of aluminum alloys
Authors: Ambrož O. , Čermák J. , Jozefovič P. , Mikmeková Š.
Published: August 2022

Color metallography of aluminum alloys can provide new structural knowledge or extend and refine structural knowledge compared to a black and white image. The basic principle of color metallography is to create a suitable film by etching. On samples coated with a suitable film, light interference is caused by the splitting of the incident light into components reflected at the air-layer interface and the layer-metal interface. The thickness of the film essentially determines at which colors the interference occurs. For films of suitable thickness, interference occurs in the blue, green and yellow regions. The film thickness depends on the chemical composition of the sample material, the chemical composition of the etchant and the etching time. If the etching conditions are kept constant (etchant type, etching time) and the chemical composition of the individual micro-areas changes significantly, it will be possible to distinguish the microareas by color contrast in the bright field. The results of color etching of aluminum alloys in different types of etchants will be presented. Using an automated apparatus, the same etching conditions will be maintained, including time and repeatability of movements in the etching, cleaning and drying process.
A new result on Branciari metric space using (α, γ)-contractive mappings
Authors: Patil Jayashree , Hardan Basel , Hamoud Ahmed A. , Bachhav Amol , Emadifar Homan
Published: August 2022

In this work, a new common fixed point result by generalized contractive functions fulfilling the type of admissibility condition in a Hausdorff Branciari metric space with the support of C-functions, was obtained.
Fixed point results for generalized multivalued orthogonal α-F-contraction of integral type mappings in orthogonal metric spaces
Authors: Mewomo Oluwatosin Temitope , Leyew Bahru Tsegaye , Abbas Mujahid
Published: August 2022

In the present article, we introduce a new type of generalized multivalued orthogonal α-Fcontraction of integral type mappings in the context of orthogonal metric spaces and establish some fixed point results. We construct an example to show the existence of the new type of mappings introduce in this work. Our results substantially unify, generalize and complement the comparable results in the existing literature. As an application of our results, we derive periodic point results for the generalized single valued orthogonal α-F-contraction of integral type mappings in orthogonal metric spaces.
Ultra-low noise current meter for measuring quickly changing currents from attoampere to nanoampere
Authors: Wendt Cornelius , Bohnhorst Alexander , Zimmermann Stefan , Kirk Ansgar T.
Published: August 2022

Low-noise current meters are usually designed using high value feedback resistors. However, a high resistance reduces the maximum measurable current at a given output voltage and the maximum bandwidth at a given parasitic capacitance. Capacitive transimpedance amplifiers integrating the current to be measured correspond to a nearly infinite resistance. Here, we present a novel active reset architecture for discharging the integration capacitor that eliminates the leakage currents and charge injection of the necessary switches. This enables a capacitive current meter achieving the noise current of an ideal resistive transimpedance amplifier with an ideal resistance of 650 GΩ, while the dynamic range, bandwidth and zero-point stability are orders of magnitude greater due to the capacitive operating principle. At a 3-dB bandwidth of 50 Hz, the noise current standard deviation is

σ

i

=
2.6

fA

{\sigma _{i}}=2.6\hspace{0.1667em}\text{fA}

with a dynamic range of six orders of magnitude from femto- to nanoamperes. Digitally adjusting the 3-dB bandwidth to 0.45 mHz for measuring direct currents reduces the noise by three orders of magnitude down to

σ

i

=
8.7

aA

{\sigma _{i}}=8.7\hspace{0.1667em}\text{aA}

, resulting in a dynamic range of nine orders of magnitude. This is possible due to an excellent zero-point stability within ± 25 aA without temperature or humidity compensation.
Formulation of axion-electrodynamics with Dirac fields
Authors: Bruce Stanley A.
Published: August 2022

We propose a straightforward generalization of axion-electrodynamics (AED) for the case in which a lepton Dirac field is present in the U

1

EM

${\left(1\right)}_{\text{EM}}$

gauge-invariant Lagrangian of the closed system. In the associated differential equations of motion we find that variations in the axion field give rise to modifications in the electric current and in the divergence of the axial current. In light of this, we interpret some possible Dark Matter (DM) phenomena. In particular, we discuss on general grounds (i) AED and DM, and (ii) DM axions interacting with leptons in a nonlinear electrodynamics background. We briefly comment on the conceivable application of this model beyond the subject of DM axions realized in condensed-matter physics.
Analysis of the Activation of Upper-Extremity Muscles During Various Chest Press Modalities
Authors: Christian Jamison R. , Gothart Sydney E. , Graham Harrison K. , Barganier Katelyn D. , Whitehead Paul N.
Published: August 2022

Christian, JR, Gothart, SE, Graham, HK, Barganier, KD, and Whitehead, PN. Analysis of the activation of upper-extremity muscles during various chest press modalities. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 265–269, 2023—The most effective way to increase muscular strength is through the implementation of resistance training programs. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of muscle activation of the anterior deltoid (AD), medial deltoid (MD), and pectoralis major (PM) during various bench press scenarios. Twenty subjects (10 male and 10 female subjects; age, 24.0 ± 3.0 years) with a minimum of 1 year of resistance training were recruited to participate. Six surface electromyographical sensors were placed bilaterally on the targeted muscles. Subjects performed a 1 repetition maximum (1RM) of dumbbell (DB) and barbell (BB) flat bench press across 2 sessions followed by 6 repetitions at an incline, flat, and decline position at a submaximal 70% 1RM BB and DB. Mean peak values for muscle activation were analyzed for each variation. A repeated-measures 1-way analysis of variance was used to compare muscle activation patterns across conditions. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Activation of AD was significantly higher during incline BB compared with decline BB and decline DB (p ≤ 0.019). Activation of MD was significantly lower than that of AD across all modalities (p ≤ 0.040). Activation of PM was significantly lower during incline DB compared with decline DB (p = 0.011). Differences among AD and PM may have been the result of the stability stipulation variations between DB or BB and the large biacromial breadth requirement. Lack of differentiation of muscle fibers within the PM during sensor placement could have led to lesser muscle activation recordings during decline. As significance was evident for PM when comparing genders (p ≤ 0.021), and no significance was found among AD or MD, it can be inferred that the larger amounts of adipose tissue in the female subjects caused irregularities in the PM data.
Decreased Percent Body Fat but Not Body Mass is Associated with Better Performance on Combat Fitness Test in Male and Female Marines
Authors: Pletcher Erin R. , Lovalekar Mita , Coleman Lawrence C. , Beals Kim , Nindl Bradley C. , Allison Katelyn F.
Published: August 2022

Pletcher, ER, Lovalekar, M, Coleman, LC, Beals, K, Nindl, BC, and Allison, KF. Decreased percent body fat but not body mass is associated with better performance on the Marine Corps Combat Fitness Test. J Strength Cond Res 37(4): 887–893, 2023—The military uses a variety of physical fitness tests to assess physical readiness. The Marine Corps designed the Combat Fitness Test (CFT) to emphasize functional fitness related to operational demands. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between body mass (BM), fat free mass (FFM), and percent body fat (BF%) measured via air displacement plethysmography with CFT performance in male and female marines. Two-hundred 10 male (22.4 ± 2.6 years) and 84 female (22.6 ± 2.8 years) marines were grouped into quintiles according to BM (in kilograms), FFM (in kilograms), and BF%. Kruskal-Wallis test or 1-way analysis of variance were used to determine if significant differences in CFT total and component scores existed between the groups of subjects classified into quintiles of BM, FFM, and BF%. No significant differences in CFT scores were observed between BM quintile in either men or women. No significant differences in CFT scores were observed between FFM quintiles in men. Total CFT score (p = 0.002), movement to contact (MTC; p = 0.014), maneuver under fire (MANUF; p = 0.008), and ammunition lift (AL; p = 0.014) were all significantly different among FFM quintiles in women. Total CFT score (p = 0.007), MTC (p = 0.001), and MANUF (p = 0.022) were significantly different among BF% quintiles in men. Total CFT score (p = 0.008), MTC (p = 0.033), and AL (p = 0.016) were significantly different among BF% quintiles in women. Male and female marines in the quintile with lowest BF% had better CFT scores than those in higher quintiles. Targeted physical training and nutrition considerations to optimize BF% may help improve military task performance.
Modeling the Power-Duration Relationship in Professional Cyclists During the Giro d’Italia
Authors: Vinetti Giovanni , Pollastri Luca , Lanfranconi Francesca , Bruseghini Paolo , Taboni Anna , Ferretti Guido
Published: August 2022

Vinetti, G, Pollastri, L, Lanfranconi, F, Bruseghini, P, Taboni, A, and Ferretti, G. Modeling the power-duration relationship in professional cyclists during the Giro d’Italia. J Strength Cond Res 37(4): 866–871, 2023—Multistage road bicycle races allow the assessment of maximal mean power output (MMP) over a wide spectrum of durations. By modeling the resulting power-duration relationship, the critical power (CP) and the curvature constant (W′) can be calculated and, in the 3-parameter (3-p) model, also the maximal instantaneous power (P
0). Our aim is to test the 3-p model for the first time in this context and to compare it with the 2-parameter (2-p) model. A team of 9 male professional cyclists participated in the 2014 Giro d’Italia with a crank-based power meter. The maximal mean power output between 10 seconds and 10 minutes were fitted with 3-p, whereas those between 1 and 10 minutes with the 2- model. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. 3-p yielded CP 357 ± 29 W, W′ 13.3 ± 4.2 kJ, and P
0 1,330 ± 251 W with a SEE of 10 ± 5 W, 3.0 ± 1.7 kJ, and 507 ± 528 W, respectively. 2-p yielded a CP and W′ slightly higher (+4 ± 2 W) and lower (−2.3 ± 1.1 kJ), respectively (p < 0.001 for both). Model predictions were within ±10 W of the 20-minute MMP of time-trial stages. In conclusion, during a single multistage racing event, the 3-p model accurately described the power-duration relationship over a wider MMP range without physiologically relevant differences in CP with respect to 2-p, potentially offering a noninvasive tool to evaluate competitive cyclists at the peak of training.
A Large-Scale High-Pressure Erosion Apparatus for Studying Internal Erosion in Gravelly Soils under Horizontal Seepage Flow
Authors: Wang Gang , Deng Zezhi , Yang Jing , Chen Xiangshan , Jin Wei
Published: August 2022

Internal erosion is a common cause of dam failures, occurring in internally unstable soil strata when the hydraulic boundary reaches some triggering conditions. A large number of high embankment dams are constructed on deep gravelly alluviums, and thus, there is a need to evaluate the internal stability of gravelly alluviums and assess the likelihood of internal erosion for the foundations of high embankment dams. A large-scale seepage apparatus was developed for studying the horizontal internal erosion behavior of compacted gravelly soils under high surcharge pressure. The permeation box can hold a specimen 600 mm long in the seepage path and 400 × 400 mm2 in the cross-section, making the apparatus capable of testing soils with particle sizes up to 60 mm. The water supply system can provide a maximum water head of 30 m and a maximum flow rate of 300 L/min to fit the wide-range variation in gravel’s hydraulic conductivity. The mechanical loading system can provide a surcharge pressure of up to 3.0 MPa. In addition to measuring the common quantities in seepage tests, such as water head loss along the seepage path and total flux, this apparatus was specially designed to allow for observation of the particle outflow at the seepage exit, collection of the eroded fine particles, and measurement of the erosion-induced deformation. Preliminary tests were conducted on gap-graded gravelly alluvium to show the performance of the apparatus. It is shown that the initiation and progression of internal erosion can be better characterized by combining the recorded data and the observed phenomenon of particle outflow at the seepage exit. The influence of surcharge pressure on internal stability was also studied preliminarily to highlight the importance of the apparatus’ capability of imposing a high surcharge pressure.