bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Confidence Guides Spontaneous Cognitive Offloading
Authors: Boldt Annika , Gilbert Sam
Published: March 2019

Background: Cognitive offloading is the use of physical action to reduce the cognitive demands of a task. Everyday memory relies heavily on this practice, for example when we write down to-be-remembered information or use diaries, alerts, and reminders to trigger delayed intentions. A key goal of recent research has been to investigate the processes that trigger cognitive offloading. This research has demonstrated that individuals decide whether or not to offload based on a potentially erroneous metacognitive evaluation of their mental abilities. Therefore, improving the accuracy of metacognitive evaluations may help to optimise offloading behaviour. However, previous studies typically measure participants’ use of an explicitly instructed offloading strategy, in contrast to everyday life where offloading strategies must often be generated spontaneously. Results: We administered a computer-based task requiring participants to remember delayed intentions. One group of participants was explicitly instructed on a method for setting external reminders; another was not. The latter group spontaneously set reminders but did so less often than the instructed group. Offloading improved performance in both groups. Crucially, metacognition (confidence in unaided memory ability) guided both instructed and spontaneous offloading: Participants in both groups set more reminders when they were less confident (regardless of actual memory ability). Conclusions: These results show that the link between metacognition and cognitive offloading holds even when offloading strategies need to be spontaneously generated. Thus, metacognitive interventions are potentially able to alter offloading behaviour, without requiring offloading strategies to be explicitly instructed.
A Study of HIV/AIDS Co-Infections and Coping Strategies of Key Population of Nepal
Authors: Subba Phudong B.B. , Rimal N.
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Nepal is considered as a concentrated HIV epidemic among key population like Migrant Labour Worker (MLW), Sex Worker (SW), Injecting Drug User (IDU) and Spouse of Migrant Labour Worker (SMLW). Hence, the HIV infection has significantly contributed to be HIV/TB co-infected among key population. Intervention of Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART) and Direct Observed Short Course (DOTS) have significantly reduced HIV associated morbidity and mortality in Nepal. The objective of this study was to analyze coping strategies to access the HIV/TB services in relation to socio-economic status of key study population.

Methods: The study was conducted in five districts Jhapa, Morang, Sunsari, Kavre and Parsa of Nepal. The HIV/TB respondents were selected from previous background of key population: MLW, SW, IDU, and SMLW. 343 respondents were selected through snowballing and convenient sampling technique. The data were collected through face to face interview using pretested questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and ANOVA test were applied to analyze the collected data.

Results: Among 343 HIV/TB co-infected respondents, more than two fifth (44.3%) were belonged to MLW, followed by one third (34.1%) of respondents were SMLW. Therefore, the HIV/TB co-infection was significant association (p=0.001) with employment status and key study population. In addition to this, the study showed that there was significant difference between facing stigma/discrimination and study districts (F=11.03, p=0.001) of respondents. Similarly, there was significant difference between used of previous saving and occupation of family (F=10.461, p=0.001) as coping strategies to access HIV/TB services.

Conclusion: Despite the existing stigma and discrimination, the key study population had used various coping strategies to access the health care services in relation to their socio-economic status.
Star Wars Soundtracks: The Worship Music of John Williams
Authors: Thornton Daniel
Published: March 2019

Music and religion have a long and constitutive history. When considering the potential religious dimensions of the Star Wars universe, musical elements should not be ignored. This article explores the iconic musical scores of John Williams for the Star Wars franchise as a form of worship music. Worship music, especially in Western contemporary Christian contexts, is employed for embodied expression, emotional experience, and spiritual encounter. In a similar fashion, the musical themes and sound world of Star Wars can engage fans in a visceral experience of, and encounter with, something beyond the natural. This article establishes the criteria and effects of contemporary worship music and applies that framework to Williams’s key themes for the Star Wars universe.
Re-envisioning Myth inStar Wars: Episode VII: The Force Awakens
Authors: Gill Glen Robert
Published: March 2019

Contrary to some commentaries, Star Wars: Episode VII: The Force Awakens maintains the mythic tenor of the popular film series but does so through a more subtle and nuanced use of mythological archetypes that follows not Joseph Campbell’s somewhat basic “hero’s journey” model but, rather, the re-creative mode of mythmaking discussed by theorists like Northrop Frye and Claude Lévi-Strauss. Through this method, The Force Awakens cleverly repurposes various classical, Biblical, Celtic, and Arthurian types, reaching deep into the ancient Indo-European tradition in some cases, and reinterprets the Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, in particular, so as to present a contemporary feminine/feminist initiation myth.
The Living Force: An Ecological Reading of How the Force Regards Its Adherents
Authors: Gormley Michael J.
Published: March 2019

Drawing on the new canon, this article explores the ecological nature of the Force to evaluate the abilities and actions of its most visible adherents, the Jedi and the Sith. Through particular attention to prophecy and animal taming, this article demonstrates that the near extinction of the monastic Jedi resulted from a failure to adhere to the will of the Force, which then empowered the predatory Sith to cull the Jedi and balance the environment. Close readings of Coruscant, Dagobah, and other planets offer insight into the Force’s nature, which clarifies Palpatine’s deposal of the Jedi while corrupting Anakin Skywalker, unpacks Yoda’s exile, illuminates technological relics manifested by the living Force, and explicates the final duel of Episode VII: The Force Awakens.
The Underwater Quest of Prince Lee-Char: Renewing the Hero Archetype inStar Wars
Authors: Guitton Matthieu J.
Published: March 2019

The first three episodes of the fourth season of the animated series Star Wars: The Clone Wars describe the adventures of the young Prince Lee-Char, the Mon Calamari heir of the throne of the famous eponymous water world, as he struggles against the droid armies, engaging in a form of a rite of passage with mystical components. This aquatic tale can be analyzed on three distinct levels: a “macroscopic” perspective suggesting that this trilogy takes place in a specific context, a “microscopic” analysis exploring some specific elements of this quest as a form of pagan journey, and an intermediate “mesoscopic” point of view focusing on Prince Lee-Char as an individual and evaluating his function as a messianic figure. Drawing upon these three interconnected layers and the therianthropic nature of Prince Lee-Char, this article will explore how this underwater quest of Prince Lee-Char belongs to the logic of the Star Wars narrative and symbolic frameworks, yet how Prince Lee-Char, as a non-Force user and non-human character, renews the Star Wars hero archetype.
Damage characteristics of basalt fiber reinforced mortar under compression evaluated by acoustic emission
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhang Tingting , Zhou Li , Yan Chao , Wang Na , Gu Jie , Chen Lijun
Published: March 2019

Basalt fiber is a new type of high quality reinforced material used in composite materials. The performance of cement-based materials can be improved by adding basalt fiber, but its damage mechanism is more complicated. Acoustic emission technique can monitor the internal damage of materials. In this paper, the influence of the basalt fiber on the compressive failure process of mortar and the effect of the basalt fiber volume fraction variation on the acoustic emission characteristics in the damage process were investigated. The characteristic parameters of the acoustic emission signals of basalt fiber reinforced mortar with 4 different volume fractions under axial load were analyzed. Through analysis of the acoustic emission cumulative hit number, the acoustic emission cumulative energy, the RA value, the AF value and the b value, it could be found that the acoustic emission parameters of different damage stages were different, and the failure mode of the specimen could be identified according to the acoustic emission parameters. Besides, the addition of basalt fiber improved the rigidity and the ductility of the specimen.
Anemia and the use of antihypertensive medications in hemodialysis patients: multicenter retrospective observational study
Authors: Stepanova N. , Novakivskyy V. , Snisar L. , Kutsenko M.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. We hypothesized that the use of antihypertensive medications in patients treated by hemodialysis (HD) may interfere with the activity of erythropoietin and leads to an increase in the dose of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs). The aim of our study was to analyze the impact of antihypertensive medications on the effectiveness of anemia treatment. Methods. We conducted a multicenter retrospective observational study. The archival medical data from 379 patients treated by HD or hemodiafiltration (HDF) were used. The medical records of 142 patients were excluded from the study. The study group consisted of 237 patients: 108 (45.6%) women and 129 (54.4%) men, with an average age of 54 [41-62.5] years. Results. The analysis of the mean hemoglobin (Hb) stratified by the administration of antihypertensive medications in the dynamics of dialysis treatment demonstrated a significant impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (F = 3.97; p = 0.048) and amlodipine (F = 6.9; p = 0.01) on the effectiveness of anemia correction. The significant effect of amlodipine on the need to increase the dosage of iron-containing medications (OR = 3.9; 95% CI (1.27-12.06), p = 0.002; RR = 1.9 95% CI (1.27-2.9) and continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (CERA) (OR = 5.2, 95% CI (1.2-24.4), p = 0.03; RR = 1.3 95% CI (1, 08-1.6), p = 0.006) weas showed by logistic regression analysis. The increased risk of failure to achieve of the target Hb level in HD patients received amlodipine was confirmed by Cox regression model (HR = 2.7 (95% CI 1.5-4.7)). Conclusions: The results of our study demonstrated a significant increase in the frequency of appointment and amount of anti-anemia therapy in HD patients when amlodipine is co-administered. Follow-up studies to determine the effect of amlodipine mechanism for anemia will avoid unreasonable prescriptions for the treatment of НD patients. Conflict of interest statement: the authors declared no competing interests.
Revision of the ichneumon-flies of the genus Ischyrocnemis Holmgren, 1858 with resurrection of the genus Terozoa Förster, 1869 stat. resurr. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Authors: Kasparyan D.R.
Published: March 2019

Genera Ischyrocnemis and Terozoa (both initially monotypic) have been synonymized by H. Townes (1971) and preliminary placed in the subfamily Metopiinae. The results of molecular analyses (Quicke et al. 2009) did not clarify their systematic position. In this work Terozoa Förster, 1869 gen. resurr. (=Parablastus M. Constantineanu, 1973, syn. nov.) is restored from synonyms and placed into the subfamily Tryphoninae. Terozoa includes three species: type of the genus, Terozoa quadridens Perkins, 1962 (= Parablastus bituberculatus M. Constantineanu, 1973, syn. nov.) and two more species described earlier in Parablastus – T. iberica (Kasparyan, 1999) comb. n. and T. anatolica (Gürbüz et Kolarov, 2005) comb. n. The genus Terozoa and species T. quadridens are new records for Russia (North Caucasus, Essentuki). A key to species is provided. Four new Western Palearctic species are in Ischyrocnemis: I. femorator sp. nov. (with two subspecies: Caucasian I.f. femorator subsp. nov. and I. f. turanicus subsp. nov. from Central Asia), I. kotenkoi sp. nov. from the Transcaucasia, I. nigrans sp. nov. from steppes of Eastern Ukraine, Volga region and Kazakhstan, and I. verae sp. nov. from Kopet-Dag. A key to five species of the genus is given. Ischyrocnemis is treated provisionally in Metopiinae after H. Townes (1971), G. Broad and M. Shaw (2005). The characters common for Ischyrocnemis and Metopiinae are discussed: Ischyrocnemis approaches to Metopiinae in having the face and clypeus completely fused and clypeal fovea entirely lacking, that is unusual for most of Ichneumonidae but is typical for many Metopiinae (Acerataspis, Colpotrochia, Periope, Hypsicera, Triclistus, etc.); epipleura very wide (in metopiine present in Colpotrochia, Periope, Hypsicera, Seticornuta, Triclistus, etc.). Unusual for Metopiinae 1st metasomal segment of Ischyrocnemis (without glymmae with spiracles beyond the middle, and strongly narrowed in front of spiracles) found in Periope and in many ways is similar to some other Metopiinae (in genera Apolophus, Colpotrochia).
Traitement conventionnel des fistules anales
Authors: Le Balc’h E.
Published: March 2019

Les fistules anales sont dans la plupart des cas d’origine cryptoglandulaire. Elles peuvent se présenter sous forme d’abcès aigu qu’il est alors nécessaire de drainer ou sous forme de fistule chronique. Le bilan topographique de la fistule est primordial pour guider la prise en charge. Il faut caractériser l’orifice interne, l’orifice externe et la complexité du trajet fistuleux qui les relie. En cas de fistule basse, une fistulotomie simple peut être envisagée et est le traitement le plus efficace. Si la fistule est haute et complexe, la prudence est de mise, et il faudra fractionner les temps opératoires pour limiter le risque de troubles de la continence postopératoire.
Persistence and Disappearance of Traditional Patrilocality
Authors: Zvénigorosky Vincent , Nikolaeva Dariya , Romanov Georgii , Solovev Aisen , Barashkov Nikolai , Crubézy Éric , Fedorova Sardana , Keyser Christine
Published: March 2019

This article describes current matrimonial strategies and
residence patterns in two communities in the Sakha Republic. In
Tolon, a rural settlement in central Sakha, community exogamy is
predominant and patrilocality is detectable in postnuptial residence
patterns. In the sub-Arctic town of Khonuu no gendered residence
patterns are observed. Khonuu has an airport and serves as a regional
capital. In Khonuu matrimonial decisions follow the immigration
of men and couples rather than traditional strategies connected
with horse- and cattle-based subsistence. This article discusses the
possible biological, historical, and cultural reasons that explain the
observance or lack of observance of traditional marriage in the contemporary
Sakha Republic.
KADININ KUTSAL ANLATILARA KARŞI MÜCADELESİ: DALGALARI AŞMAK FİLMİNDE KADIN MESİH FİGÜRÜ
Authors: BALOĞLU Uğur
Published: March 2019

Uygarlık tarihinde kadının erkek karşısında  ikincil  pozisyonda  resmedilmesi ile dini anlatılar arasında derinlikli bir ilişki mevcuttur. Feminist teoloji, bu derinlikli ilişkiyi açığa çıkarmak ve yok etmek için bir fırsat sunarak kimi zaman linguistik çerçevede var olan söylemsel yapıları bozar, kimi zaman da dini figürlerin alternatiflerini düşündürmeyi amaçlar. Dini figürlerin sinema sanatı aracılığıyla yeniden üretimi süregelen tartışmalara katkıda bulunur. Ancak yapılan tartışmalar incelendiğinde din, felsefe, mitoloji, feminizm ve sinema arasında kurulan ilişki bağlamında kadın sorunlarına bütünleyici bir yaklaşımın eksikliği gözlenmektedir. Bu çalışma, kutsal anlatılarda  ve  söylenlerde  var  olan ataerkil tahakkümü tartışmaya  açarak  Batı  tektanrılı  dini  geleneklerini  ve uygulamalarını feminist çerçevede yeniden değerlendiren feminist teolojik yaklaşımla Breaking the Waves (Dalgaları Aşmak, Lars von Trier, 1996) filmindeki kadın Mesih figürüne odaklanır. Filmdeki karakterlerin eylem ve söylemlerinin Hıristiyan teoloji ile kurduğu ilişki ve kadın Mesih figürü, feminist teoloji üzerinden tematik analiz yöntemiyle incelenir. Çalışmada, kadın Mesih figürünün olanaklılığının eril tahakkümün belirleyici sınırları çerçevesinde yapılandırıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
METHYLATION OF PROLACTIN AND OXYTOCIN HORMONE GENES; PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS AND ROLES IN DISEASE STATES
Authors: Tyagi Manoj G , Shewade Deepak G , Chaudhary Megha , Wani Mohammed I , Yadav Shyam S
Published: March 2019

DNA methylation is the key mechanism in epigenetic events involved in gene silencing and gene genome stability. The two important hormones involved in social behaviour, lactation and parturition are Oxytocin and Prolactin. There is growing interest in epigenetic modification of oxytocin and prolactin in neurotransmission interaction and their functional significance. This review outlines the influence of DNA methylation of genes of oxytocin and prolactin hormones/receptors and impact on their biological roles and influence on endocrine function in mammals.

Keywords: Prolactin, Oxytocin, receptor, DNA methylation, epigenetics
Soluble Guanylate Cyclase As the Key Enzyme in the Modulating Effect of NO on Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors
Authors: Ryzhova I. V. , Nozdrachev A. D. , Tobias T. V. , Vershinina E. A.
Published: March 2019

The synaptic plasticity of the afferent synapse of the vestibular apparatus is defined by the dynamic interaction of ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors and the modulators of synaptic transmission. It was shown that nitric oxide modulates iGluR responses. In this paper, the effect of NO on the function of the afferent synapse mGluR was investigated. Inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase lowered the level of background activity but increased the amplitude of the responses of groups I and II mGluR agonist ACPD. Donor NO SNAP increased the level of background activity. Short-term perfusion of the synaptic region with low concentrations of SNAP led to a decrease in the amplitude of the answers of mGluR agonists ACPD and DHPG. The inhibitory effect of the NO donor was eliminated under blockade of soluble guanylate cyclase with a specific inhibitor ODQ. A prolonged application of NO did not cause a statistically significant change in the amplitude of the ACPD response. However, SNAP at concentrations of 10 and 100 M increased the amplitude of the mGluR agonist responses 30 and 15 minutes, respectively, after termination of the NO donor exposure. The obtained data show the multidirectional effect of NO on the function of mGluR and testify to the existence of a complex modulating mechanism of the afferent flow from vestibular organs to the central nervous system.
Dâvûd-i Karsî’nin ‘’Risâle Fî Beyani Sıfâtillahi Teâlâ’’ Adlı Risalesi Bağlamında Kelamcılığı ve Sıfatlar Konusundaki Görüşleri
Authors: GÖREGEN Mustafa
Published: March 2019

Dâvûd-i
Karsî (1169/1756) 18. Yüzyıl Osmanlı müderrislerinden olup İslam’ın doğru
anlaşılması için klasik medrese geleneğinin hemen hemen her alanında eserler
telif etmiştir. Onun Kelam ilminin temel konularına yönelik görüşleri bir nevi
Ehl-i Sünnet’in görüşlerinin tekrarı olmakla birlikte mensubu olduğu Maturidi
ekolünün görüşlerini öncelemiştir. Allahın sıfatları ve benzeri konulardaki
itikadi görüşlerini mensubu olduğu Maturidi ekolünün genel ilkeleri
çerçevesinde yorumlarken Eş’ari ve Maturidi kaynaklardan ayırım yapmaksızın
istifade etmiştir. Bu çalışmada Karsî’nin ‘’Risale fi Beyani Sıfatillahi Teala
‘’isimli risalesinden hareketle onun kelamcılığı ve Allah’ın sıfatları
konusundaki görüşleri üzerinde duracağız.
TÜRKİYE'DE FAALİYET GÖSTEREN HELAL KONSEPTLİ OTEL İŞLETMELERİNİN HİZMET KRİTERLERİ VE HELAL MUTFAK BELGELENDİRME DÜZEYLERİNE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: YILDIRIM Tuğba , ÖZBAY Gülçin
Published: March 2019

İslam dininde
önemli unsurlardan olan helal ve haram terimleri gıda tüketimini etkilemektedir.
Helal gıdaya olan ilgi ve talep her geçen gün artmakta ve yeni bir pazar halini
almaktadır. Helal gıda tüketme isteği temiz ve sağlıklı yiyecek içeceklerle
doğrudan ilişkilidir. Dinine bağlı Müslümanların tatil anlayışları ve hizmet
beklentileri dinen belirlenen kurallara göre biçimlenmektedir. Helal turizm
anlayışının yürütülmesi için bu kapsamda ilk olarak yapılması gerekenler; helâl
gıdaları ve İslami kurallara uygun olarak hazırlanmış ürünlerin tüketim
ortamının sağlanmasıdır. Müslümanlar için helâl ve haram gıdaların tespitinin
yapılması ve toplumun ve işletmelerin bilinçlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Turizm
alanında hizmet veren işletmelerin kendilerini helal konseptli otel olarak
tanımlayabilmeleri için gıda, eğlence hizmetlerini ve otel ortamını İslami
koşullara göre şekillendirmesi gerekmektedir.

Çalışmada
gastronomi alanına ilgi duyan Müslüman turistler için önem teşkil eden helal
gıda ve helal mutfak kavramlarının Türkiye’deki durumu araştırılmıştır. Bu
kapsamda helal turizm anlayışına göre hizmet verdiğini belirten 63 otel
değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Otel bilgileri rezervasyon sitelerinden olan
helalinn.com, halalbooking.com ve otellerin web sitelerinin belirlediği
kıstaslar ve bu kıstasların işletme bazında değerlendirildiği bir tablo
oluşturulmuştur. Helal konseptli otellerin helal gıda ve helal mutfak
kriterlere uygunluğu incelenmiş bu alanda yapılan çalışmaların yetersiz olduğu
görülmüştür. İşletmelerin %95’inde helal gıda ürünleri sunulduğu belirtilirken
sadece %38’i helal mutfak sertifikasına sahiptir. Bu durumu belgelendiren
işletme oranı ise %4’tür. İşletmeler Dünya Helal Birliği’nden sertifikalı
olduklarını belirtmektedir.
İŞLETMELERDE YENİLİK UYGULAMALARI: RESTORAN İŞLETMELERİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: CANKÜL Duran
Published: March 2019

Bu araştırma, restoran işletmelerinin yenilikçi uygulamalarının neler olduğunu tespit etmeyi ve bu yenilikçi uygulamaların da hangi boyutlarda gerçekleştiğini ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada evreninin çok geniş olmasından dolayı Eskişehir’de yenilikçi uygulamaların gerçekleşebileceği özellikleri taşıyan 24 restoran çalışma evreni olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler (frekans, yüzde) kullanılmıştır. Araştırma da restoran işletmelerindeki yenilikçi uygulamaların ürün ve hizmet, süreç, yönetim, pazarlama ve sosyal sorumluluk olmak üzere beş boyutta gerçekleştiği görülmektedir. Araştırma sonuçları restoran işletmelerinin yenilikçi uygulamaları büyük ölçüde hayata geçirdiklerini, ancak yenilikçi boyutların içerisindeki “menü kalemlerinin kalorisinin belirtilmesi”, “paket servis”, “QR kod uygulaması”, “E-Tablet menülerin kullanımı” ve “online sipariş verme” uygulamalarını ise çok fazla gerçekleştiremediğini göstermektedir.
An Unusual Presentation of Leptospirosis in an urban setting as an overlooked cause of multiorgan failure
Authors: Alam Md Tarek , Saber Sadia , Alam Rafa Faaria , Hossain Mohammad Monower
Published: March 2019

Leptospirosis is a life-threatening zoonotic disease of global distribution. It has variable presentation ranging from mild febrile illness to life-threatening complications like acute renal failure, acute hepatic failure, pulmonary hemorrhages and cardiac arrhythmias. We present a case of flu-like illness contracted by working at a poorly hygienic place where the patient experienced progressive pulmonary-renal syndrome two days after admission. Index suspicion and early treatment remains the mainstay of this life threatening zoonotic disease.

Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2019; 7(1): 51-54
Methanol Intoxication Causing Bilateral Putaminal Necrosis
Authors: Atiquzzaman Md , Faruq Mohammad Omar , Sohan Md Ashikuzzaman
Published: March 2019

Abstract not available

Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2019; 7(1): 61-62
Myomectomy at the time of Cesarean Section: A Prospective Multicentre Study
Authors: Akther Nargis , Yousuf Shereen , Khatun Rashida , Fatema Nargis , Nahar Khairun
Published: March 2019

Background: Myomectomy can be performed during cesarean section.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess the safety and efficacy of myomectomy during cesarean section.

Methodology: The study design was a prospective multi-centre study done in three tertiary care hospitals Dhaka Medical Collage, BSMMU & private Hospital in Dhaka City. The subject were 65 pregnant women elective or emergency myomectomy during cesarean section. All cesarean section myomectomy were performed by consultants. Intra-operative and post-operative complications such as change in haematocrit, length of operation, blood loss were estimated. Length of hospital stay was also recorded.

Results: 79 Fibroid of various sizes (2 to 6cm) were removed from 65 women. Fibroid were on the anterior uterine wall with most being sub serous and intra mural. Four patients had one unit of whole blood transfusion in post-operative period. No hysterectomy was done at the time of cesarean section. There was no significant change of haematocrit: incidence of post-operative fever and duration of operation. The mean duration of post-operative hospital study was 7.3±1.2 days, 5 patients subsequently became pregnant, were also underwent repeated cesarean section in the study period.

Conclusion: In selected cases myomectomy during cesarean section does not appear to result in an increased risk of intrapartum or short-term post-partum morbidity if performed by an experienced practitioner. Cesarean myomectomy is a safe surgical options with no significant complications.

Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2019;6(1):18-22
Histopathological Study of Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Endoscopic Biopsies
Authors: Nazrin Mosammat Suchana , Ferdous Nur E Jannatul , Saha Madhusudan , Rabbi Fahmi Iqbal
Published: March 2019

Background: Diseases of gastrointestinal tract are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Objective: This study was carried out to determine the spectrum of histopathological lesions of upper gastrointestinal tract.

Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology at North East Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh during a 36 months period from January 2013 to December 2015. Endoscopies were performed using Olympus 150, forward viewing upper GI endoscope. The biopsy specimens received were fixed in 10.0% formalin and routinely processed in Haematoxyline & Eosin stain.

Results: The present study included 135 endoscopic biopsies. The mean age with SD of the study population was 53.20±16.09 years. Among 53 cases of esophageal biopsies 8(15.08%) cases showed non-neoplastic lesions and 45(84.92%) cases were neoplastic of which 39(73.6%) cases and 6(11.32%) cases were squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma respectively. Among 6 cases of gastro esophageal junction biopsies 3(50%) cases showed non-neoplastic lesions and 3(50%) were neoplastic, of which 2(33.33%) were adenocarcinoma and 1(16.67%) were squamous cell carcinoma. Among 61 cases of stomach biopsies 34(55.74%) showed non-neoplastic lesions and 27(44.26%) were neoplastic, of which 1(1.64%) case was adenoma and 25(40.98%) were adenocarcinoma. Among 15 cases of duodenal biopsies 13(86.67%) cases showed non-neoplastic lesions and 2(13.33%) were neoplastic one of which was adenocarcinoma (6.67%). Among 135 cases endoscopist reported 82(60.74%) cases as neoplastic and 53(39.26%) as non-neoplastic, whereas histopathology revealed 77(57.03%) cases neoplastic and 58(42.97%) cases non-neoplastic.

Conclusion: Common site of upper GIT endoscopic biopsy is stomach which are mostly neoplastic lesion; however, most common malignancy is squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus.

Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2019;6(1):42-46
Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes: A Review
Authors: Fakruddin Md
Published: March 2019

Diabetes Mellitus (DM), one of the most non-communicable diseases, is increasing day by day in an alarming way. More than 140 million people are suffering from diabetes throughout the world. It is not a single disease entity, but rather a group of metabolic disorders sharing the common underlying feature of hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia in diabetes results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or, most commonly, both. The chronic hyperglycemia and attendant metabolic deregulation may be associated with secondary damage in multiple organ systems, especially the kidneys, eyes, nerves, and blood vessels. The pathophysiology of diabetes is not fully elucidated. Insulin secretory dysfunction and insulin resistance or both is main candidate for this metabolic disorder, moreover various genetic and environmental factors may also involve in this process. Racial variations play also an important role as evidenced by various studies. However, the interrelationships between the molecular and metabolic mechanisms in these parameters contributing this life threatening disease still remain a mystery to the scientists.

Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2019;6(1):59-63
Isovaleric Acidemia in a 5 Years of Boy: A Case Report
Authors: Haque Nazmul , Saha Narayan , Alam Md Badrul , Mohammad Quazi Deen , Hoque Sk Azimul , Islam Ariful , Chowdhury Yamin Shahriar , Debnath Bithi
Published: March 2019

Isovaleric acidemia (IVA) is an autosomal recessive disease of leucine metabolism due to deficiency of isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVD). In this case report a five years old boy was admitted to National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka Bangladesh with the history of fever, cough, vomiting, diarrhea, stupor and extreme sleepiness for 3 days. Second degree consanguinity was documented between the parents. Neurological examination revealed exaggerated reflexes and ankle clonus was present bilaterally. EEG and MRI of brain had normal results. Urine organic acid analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed slight increment in concentration of 3 hydroxyisovaleric acid and an elevated concentration of isovalerylglycine. Tandem mass spectrometry of acylcarnitines in dried blood spots showed elevated C5-carnitine isovalerylcarnitine (10.3umol/l). Based on history, clinical examination and laboratory results, a diagnosis of isovaleric academia was ascertained. Patient was treated accordingly with rehydration fluid, correction of metabolic acidosis, antibiotic and supportive care

Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2019;6(1):64-66
Molière Oyunlarında Kadın Karakterler
Authors: KOCAMAN Şengül
Published: March 2019

Fransız edebiyatında 17. Yüzyıl
denildiğinde ilk akla gelen yazarlardandır Molière. Mihail Afanasyeviç’in ifadesiyle “Çağdaşımız Molière” hakkında yapılan sayısızca
çalışmalara rağmen, hala kendinden ve eserlerinden söz ettirecek kadar güncelliğini
kaybetmeyen bir yazar. Peki, nedir
Molière’i bu kadar evrensel kılan? Yazarlığı, şairliği, oyunculuğu,
tiyatro yönetmenliği bir yana, biz onun başarısındaki en önemli etkenin onun o
üstün gözlem gücüne dayandığını düşünüyoruz. O, insan doğasını bütün
ayrıntılarıyla görmesini, gözlemlemesini ve oyunlarına aktarmasını bilen ender
yazarlardandır. Tiyatroyu toplumun bir aynası olarak nitelendiren Molière, yaşadığı dönemin
aksaklıklarını, kusurlarını, bütün sahte değerleri gülmeceyle birleştirip
sahneye taşır. Tabi bundan kadınlar da nasibini alır. Oyunlarının birçoğunun
başlığında yerlerini bulan kadınlar,  Molière tiyatrosunda 17. Yüzyıl Fransız
toplumunu tiyatroya yansıtmak, komiği oluşturmak, doğanın, doğallığın öneminin
vurgulamak için de önemlidirler. Çalışmamızda, hem 17 yüzyıl hem de o yüzyılda
kadının toplum içindeki konumu hakkında genel bir bilgi vermeyi hedefliyoruz. Molière oyunlarının dramaturjik
analizi için 17. Yüzyılın siyasal, toplumsal özelliklerini sık sık göz önünde
bulundurmaya çalıştık.
Kamu Yönetimi Paradigmasında Afet Riski Yönetiminden Yönetişimine
Authors: ÖZLER Murat
Published: March 2019

Doğal ve teknolojik kökenli olayların sonucu olarak gerçekleşen afetler ,1900
lü yılların ortalarından itibaren kentleşme olgusunda ki değişim ile etkilerini
hem nitelik hem de nicelik olarak arttırmıştır. Küresel bazda iklim
değişikliklerinin yarattığı olay ve olgularda eklenince Geleneksel Kamu
yönetimi paradigmasının verileriyle bu ciddi sorun karşısında mücadele
zorlaşmıştır. Hala yaşamakta olduğumuz küreselleşme sürecinin etkilemesi,
Geleneksel Kamu yönetimi paradigmasının kendi içerisindeki yetersizlikleri ,yönetim
alanında Yeni Kamu Yönetimi Paradigması yönündeki değişim ve sorunlara ilişkin
çözüm tarz ve uygulamaları ,afet yönetiminde de risk odaklı afet riski
yönetimine oradan da bugünkü haliyle  yönetişimine  dönüşmüştür. İnsan uygarlığının ortak sorununu
teşkil eden bu sorun alanı gelişmişlik düzeyi ne olursa olsun  tek merkezden ve tek aktörlü müdahaleyi
yetersiz kılmaktadır. Bu nedenle sorunun farkında olan ve ortak çözümün
paydaşları ile güçlenmiş çok aktörlü bir afet yönetimi eski anlayışa günümüz
verileriyle bir katkıdır.
Mothering Molloy, or Beckett and Cutlery
Authors: Kennedy Seán
Published: March 2019

This essay reads Beckett's relationship to psychoanalysis as a central concern of Molloy, arguing that Molloy's quest for mother traces Beckett's re-evaluation of the British school of object-relations theory of Wilfred Bion and Donald Winnicott. Tracing fine furniture, in Irish literature of the 1920s and 1930s, as an objective correlative of Anglo-Irish distinction, and linking that tradition to a Winnicottian reading of Molloy's impulsive theft of silverware, I argue that Molloy parodies the language of object-relations in order to situate Beckett newly in relation to it. In other words, Beckett intimates that Molloy's unhealthy obsession with mother is mirrored in psychoanalytic theory itself. In this way, writing Molloy allows him to re-evaluate psychoanalysis in its obsession with ‘mother’ as the founding site of psychic health and wellness.
Avifauna in Logged-Over Forest of Upper Baleh, Sarawak
Authors: Tuen Andrew Alek , Sapian Attiqqah Fadziliah , Ismail Khatijah , Peter Cindy , Haba Mohd Hasri Al-Hafiz , Lee Ch'ien C
Published: March 2019

Commercial logging is a major economic activity in the Upper Baleh catchment, Sarawak, so logged-over forest is the dominant forest type there. Avifauna survey was conducted in the logged-over forest of Upper Baleh in November 2015 as part of the Upper Baleh Heart of Borneo Expedition. The objective of the survey was to collect baseline data on the avifauna species that inhabit the study area, their conservation status and feeding guilds. Both mist-net and observation method were used. A total of 95 species of birds was recorded: 36 species via mist-nets and 69 species via observation. Little spiderhunter was the dominant species, accounting for 33% of mist-netted bird. Seven species are Totally Protected including six species of hornbills and a Great Argus Pheasant, while 18 other species are Protected under the Sarawak Wild Life Ordinance 1998. The majority of the birds are insectivorous (55.8%), foraging either at ground level (babblers), along the tree trunks or branches (woodpeckers) or at the canopy (flycatchers). Omnivorous birds, which feed on two or more types of diet, accounted for 48.4% of the avifauna species recorded and these include bulbuls and hornbills. The diverse community of bird, including the protected species, makes the area an attractive birding destination for visitors since now part of the catchment has been gazetted as a national park. Avifauna’s role as pollinating and dispersing agent will help the logged-over forest to recover. Keywords: conservation status, feeding guilds, Heart of Borneo, logging roads
Population Estimation of Proboscis Monkeys in Mangroves at Kuching Wetland National Park, Sarawak
Authors: Aziz Ahmad Fitri , Mergie Laman Charlie Justin
Published: March 2019

Boat survey on proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) population in Kuching Wetland National Park (KWNP) was conducted to estimate the current population density and population size of this primate. The survey was conducted on September 2015 and January 2016 covering a cumulative distance of 128.91 km of mangrove riverbank. A cumulative total of 158 individuals comprising 19 groups, including one all-male group and three solitary males were recorded throughout the survey. The population density of proboscis monkeys in mangrove forest at KWNP was estimated at 1.63 individuals/km2 or 0.20 groups/km2. Based on the extrapolation of the estimated population density data, the population size of proboscis monkey in mangrove forest at KWNP was estimated to be 82 individuals. Last published report on the estimation of proboscis monkey population in Sarawak was more than 30 years ago. This study was conducted as a part of the efforts to assess the current population status of proboscis monkey in Sarawak.

Keywords: Estimation, population density, population size, proboscis monkey
Antifungal Properties of Selected Medicinal Plant Species Against Fusarium spp. – A Preliminary Study
Authors: Abu Bakar Izza Nadira , Abdul Razak Abdul Raffar , Zulkifle Muhammad Nur Hakim , Rosli Nur Aliah , Kuok San Yeo Freddy
Published: March 2019

Usage of synthetic fungicides has inevitably been one of the agricultural practices in combating crop pathogens and maintaining the quality of production. Although fungicides have been proven to be profoundly effective, excessive and frequent reliance on these synthetic fungicides have caused negative impacts to the environment and human health. Besides that, indiscriminate use of fungicides may lead to the development of resistant strains of pathogenic fungi. The need to find an alternative solution to synthetic fungicides has led to the interest in finding plant-based fungicides. This study aimed to test the antifungal properties of plant extracts from 13 different medicinal plant species towards plant pathogenic fungi. Absolute methanol was used as a solvent to extract the secondary metabolites from the different plant species. The effect of methanolic crude extract at different concentrations (500 g/ml, 250 g/ml and 100 g/ml), from different medicinal plant species, were tested on the growth of two Fusarium spp., FsB and FsP. The assay showed that the methanolic crude extract from six plant species viz. Alpinia galanga, Annona muricata, Archidendron jiringa, Nephelium lappaceum, Polygonum minus and Artocarpus hybrid (Nanchem) had successfully inhibit the radial mycelial growth of either FsB or FsP, or both. The assay suggested that the six plant species have antifungal properties towards the crop pathogenic fungi tested.

Keywords: antimicrobial, Fusarium, plant extracts, methanolic extracts, biofungicides
Empty Fruit Bunches Compost and Germination of Raphanus sativs L.
Authors: Wahi Rafeah , Yusup Izzatul 'Adilah
Published: March 2019

Overabundance of empty fruit bunches (EFB) from palm oil industries has opened opportunity for its exploitationfor agricultural use as compost. In this study, palm oil EFB compost was prepared by the addition of wood chipsas a bulking agent and chicken manure to enhance the composting rate. Moisture was maintained at 50-70%during the 2-month composting. Results showed that the EFB compost containing high mineralisation indexcompared to the initial EFB samples after two months of the composting process. The important macronutrients;N, P, K, Ca and Mg and micronutrients Fe, Zn, Mn, Ni, Cu and B were found present in the EFB composts. Thefinal stage of EFB compost B showed high nutrient content with N, P, and K values of 2.21%, 3.65%, and 0.49%,respectively. Fe was the most outstanding element in the EFB compost as high as 9000 ppm. Germination resultsshowed that EFB compost with EFB:wood chips at 1:3 ratio exhibited better growth of leaves and root ofRaphanus sativs L. compared to 1:2 ratio. This indicated that the EFB compost is capable in improving soilfertility and growth of plants.
Bats of Bako National Park and Additional Notes on the Rare Partial Albinism in Fawn Roundleaf Bat (Hipposideridae: Hipposideros cervinus)
Authors: Naharuddin Nur Mukminah , Shazali Nursyafiqah Shazali , Libar Rahmat , Karim Nur Fatin , Ridwan A.R Mohd , Roslan Azuan , Azhar Mohd Isham , Khalik Mohd Zacaery , Anwarali Khan Faisal Ali
Published: March 2019

Bat survey was conducted in Bako National Park from 25th to 29th August 2013. A total of 107 individuals from11 species of bats were recorded. Hipposideros cervinus was recorded as the most abundance species with 51individuals while Murina suilla and Rhinolophus affinis were the least abundant with one individual each fromtotal captures. This study has added R. affinis as another new species locality record for the national park. Thisbrings up the total bat species known from the park now to 35 species of bats. Interestingly, an individual of H.cervinus with partial albinism was caught during this survey. This single bat was captured on the 27th August2013 and will be the first albino bat reported in Borneo and possibly Malaysia. This specimen is an adultfemale that presents high degree of albinism over most of the body but lacking on the upperparts of the bodyand part of the wings. Detailed description based on 16 external and craniodental measurements are presentedherein along with their species identification through genetic analyses. Further research on the genetic structureand behavior of an albino individual may help to identify the possible causes and consequences of albinism tothe bats populations.
Production of Agarwood Essential Oil: Study on Effectiveness Pre-Treatment Technique of Hydrodistillation Extraction
Authors: Yusoff Nor Atikah , Tajuddin Saiful Nizam , Hisyam Anwaruddin , Mohd Omar Nor Adila
Published: March 2019

There are many uses of agarwood trees in a number of countries around the world. However, lack in extractionprocess efficiency was affected to the lower product quality and oil yield. Therefore, this research was aimed toinvestigate the effect of pre-treatment techniques of soaking with water and soaking with three fungi onagarwood oil yield. The oils produced were compared with industrial samples. Analysis of chemical compoundsis done by using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography-MassSpectrometry (GC-MS). As a result, the sample treated with fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium achieved thehighest average oil yields of 0.58% with content of 80.13% of total chemical compounds compared to sampletreated with water only consist of 0.27% oil yield and 72.58% of total chemical compounds was detected. Thesample soak with fungi is more advantageous than soak with water in terms of oil productivity, energy savingand efficiency process. The main component present in all parameter studied were epoxybulnesene (1.64%-7.54%), tetradecanal (1.02%-6.10%), agarospirol (0.29%-1.34%), bulnesol (0.59%-8.07%), selina-3,11-dien-9-ol (1.10%-4.02%), oxo-agarospirol (1.12%-10.80%) and eudesmol (0.19%-9.17%).
Overall Diversity of Fruit-Feeding Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Along Vertical Gradient in a Peat Swamp Forest, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak
Authors: Gintoron Christharina , Abang Fatimah
Published: March 2019

A study which aims to investigate the vertical distribution pattern of nymphalids had been conducted in a peatswamp forest of Kota Samarahan, Sarawak. This 60-day sampling period which utilised baited traps as the mainsampling method, had resulted to 104 individuals from both ground and canopy levels. The lower stratumrevealed a higher diversity index (H’= 1.17466) in comparison with the canopy stratum. Nymphalinae representsthe most diverse subfamily at both levels, dominating almost half of the total individuals respectively. In general,species richness and abundance decrease with the increasing strata height, and was observed in all subfamilies.Analyses on the relationship between forewing length and strata revealed significant result for both male andfemale of Satyrinae, while for body design, it was only significant for male Nymphalinae and female Satyrinae.Overall, the study on strata preference of the nymphalids had led to a better understanding on their dependenceon microclimatic conditions, as well as the status of their habitat.
Detection of Rickettsiae in Engorged Ticks from Small Mammals in Malaysia
Authors: Adrus Madinah , Ahamad Mariana , Abdullah Mohd Tajuddin
Published: March 2019

Rickettsiae are intracellular bacteria found in ectoparasites such as ticks, lice, fleas, mites and chiggers that cancause emerging infectious diseases throughout the world. There is lacking of information on their distributionand the tick vectors involved. The aim of this study is therefore to determine whether engorged ticks extractedfrom small mammals (Insectivora, Rodentia and Scandentia) from 15 locations of study areas have any potentialhealth risks to the public. Forty-eight engorged ticks were tested for the presence of rickettsiae DNA usingPolymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting a fragment of the rickettsial gene citrate synthase gene (gltA). Therewas no DNA of rickettsiae detected from the ticks. Further investigations are needed in order to generate morecomprehensive information on the potential distribution of rickettsial disease in different locations and habitatsthat can establish an epidemiological data of rickettsiae in Malaysia.
A Review on Land Use in the Malaysian State of Sarawak, Borneo and Recommendations for Wildlife Conservation Inside Production Forest Environment
Authors: Hon Jason , Shibata Shozo
Published: March 2019

The Malaysian state of Sarawak, which lies in the island of Borneo, is rich in plant and animal diversity, andforms one of the global biodiversity hotspots. The major land uses include logging, agriculture and forestplantations. Deforestation and degradation of forests are occurring at a rate of 0.64% annually, largely due toexpansion of oil palm plantations which increases at an average rate of 10.2% annually. More areas are beingconverted into forest plantations, which accounts for 3.25% of the total forested area. On the other hand,protected areas remain small, representing only 6.64% of total forested area or 4.23% of the total land area, andare located far apart. The bulk of forests are subjected to logging and many areas may be converted in thefuture to other land use such as agriculture. Furthermore, logging has been a major economic activity, and willcontinue to be so in the future. Hence, the network of production forests become crucial for wildlife andworking with logging companies in this aspect is a realistic approach towards wildlife conservation. Somemeasures proposed include encouraging collaborative research in production forests; making sustainable forestmanagement practices mandatory; creating buffer zones in areas adjacent to protected areas; and maintainingmaximum connectivity of habitat for wildlife.