bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise temporal da ocorrência de focos de calor e uso e cobertura do solo no município de Marabá, Pará, Brasil
Authors: Cordeiro Leonardo Corrêa , Souza Manuela Braga de , Paiva Paula Fernanda Pinheiro Ribeiro , Gusmão Mônica Trindade Abreu de , Silva Junior Orleno Marques da , Braga Thais Gleice Martins , Baia Maxwell Moreira
Published: January 2022

As intervenções antrópicas no meio ambiente são processos constantes e evolutivos. Desde os primórdios da humanidade o homem mudou o curso e a forma de interação com a natureza na luta pela sobrevivência, e entre as ferramentas de intervenção destacam-se, as queimadas e o desmatamento. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a dinâmica dos focos de calor e uso e cobertura do solo referente aos anos de 2010, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2017 e 2019. Classificou-se essa ocorrência em cinco classes: muito baixo, baixo, médio, alto e muito alto. Os dados vetoriais foram obtidos das plataformas do Instituto de pesquisas espaciais – INPE e do projeto Mapbiomas da coleção 5. Para a elaboração dos mapas utilizou-se o Qgis 3.10.12 Corunã. Verificou-se que a classe Muito Baixo se manteve constante durante o período estudado, as classes Médio, Alto e Muito Alto se concentraram no centro e leste do município. A maior ocorrência dos focos de calor ocorreu nos meses de agosto a novembro com pico em outubro, isso em todos os anos. São apresentados resultados das análises de uso e cobertura do solo entre os anos de 2010 a 2019. Observa-se que as áreas ocupadas em 2010 crescem constantemente, na classe de área antropizadas em relação às outras classes corpo hídrico e vegetação. A classe vegetação apresentou-se uma perda de 10.675.143,29 ha de área, ao qual no ano 2010 evidencia-se 32,41%, e em 2019 o valor percentual de área foi 30,07%, representando uma perda total de 2,34%. Os resultados demonstrados na presente pesquisa auxiliam na prevenção e no combate de incêndios florestais através de representação espacial e temporal que é extremamente útil nos planejamentos de combates de queimadas irregulares em Marabá.
Formação e prática pedagógica na Educação Física escolar: a percepção dos professores sobre a temática lutas
Authors: Cisne Mabel Dantas Noronha , Fernandes Maria Petrília Rocha , Borges Leandro Nascimento , Barroso Mateus Lemos , Nogueira Pedro Henrique Silvestre , Almeida Maria Iranilda Meneses , Souza Maria Neurismar Araújo de , Simões Luiza Lúlia Feitosa , Ferreira Heraldo Simões
Published: January 2022

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a percepção dos professores de Educação Física escolar acerca da formação e prática pedagógica para aplicação da temática Lutas. O caminho metodológico caracterizou-se por uma investigação exploratória, cuja abordagem é quanti-qualitativa.  Os participantes foram seis (06) professores de Educação Física da rede municipal de Fortaleza-Ceará.  Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário on-line, através da Plataforma Google Forms e analisados usando a análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2011).  Constatou-se nos resultados que apesar das mudanças propostas nas últimas décadas no que se refere ao entendimento sobre lutas na escola, ainda existe aproximação limitada dos participantes acerca da unidade temática lutas na formação inicial, devido a sua ausência nas matrizes curriculares ou por sua abordagem insuficiente. Esses dados contribuem para novas reflexões acerca da importância da Educação Física na formação e desenvolvimento de um cidadão crítico, autônomo e protagonista por meio de um trabalho planejado, inclusivo, democrático e integral, ampliando as possibilidades formativas, garantido o direito dos alunos de vivenciar, discutir e se apropriar das práticas corporais mais diversas. Portanto, propõe-se, que os professores que lecionam na educação básica busquem realizar leituras e estudos que envolvam a inserção das lutas nas aulas de Educação Física escolar, tendo em vista atribuir um maior significado à essa manifestação cultural produzida e transformada com o desenvolvimento da humanidade.
Conservative treatment of scaphoid fracture: Protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Cunha Taís Ribeiro Sousa Oliveira da , Morais Matheus Velame de , Laporte Larrie Rabelo , Sá Cloud Kennedy Couto de , Guedes Alex , Mattos Enilton de Santana Ribeiro de
Published: January 2022

The scaphoid is the most commonly fractured carpal bone. Fractures affecting this bone affect young and active patients between 15 and 40 years of age. Stable scaphoid fractures are treated conservatively by plaster cast immobilization or other type of orthosis for an average period of four to 12 weeks. Failure to treat scaphoid fractures may result in avascular necrosis, nonunion, and early secondary osteoarthritis, which may result in significant economic and social impact due to the affected population, formed by young people of productive age. The management of this type of fracture varies significantly between different Institutions and orthopedic surgeons. This article describes a protocol for a systematic review that aims to evaluate the effects (benefits and harms) of conservative interventions in the treatment of scaphoid fractures in adults.
Fatores sociodemográficos: a interferência nos pacientes no período pós confecção de ostomias intestinais
Authors: Miguel Priscila de Oliveira , Oliveira João Carlos de , Araújo Suely Amorim de
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: relacionar os principais fatores, internos e externos, que interferem no processo de readmissão hospitalar de pacientes ostomizados. Metodologia: estudo quantitativo e qualitativo, descritivo e de campo. Se aplicou, por meio online, um questionário a 23 participantes submetidos à confecção de ostomia intestinal em um Hospital Escola de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Perfizeram os critérios de inclusão pacientes submetidos à confecção de ostomia intestinal no período de 2015 a 2019. Foram excluídos pacientes que recusaram a participar da pesquisa e/ou que não possuíam contato telefônico. Os dados foram gerados no software Excel® e realizado a análise descritiva e temática de conteúdo. Resultados: houve predominância no sexo feminino 14 (60,9%), na faixa etária acima dos 50 anos 13 (56,5%), com ensino fundamental completo 7 (30,4%), 11(47,8%) com renda entre um e dois salários mínimos, grande parte 17 (73,9%) possui acesso à Unidade de saúde. Também se notou, na maioria (43,47%), dos pacientes o sentimento negativo quanto ao autocuidado com a ostomia. Conclusão - os principais fatores que interferem no processo de readmissão hospitalar são o baixo nível de escolaridade e a renda, tendo em vista que são fatores que dificultam o acesso à informação, fator fundamental para o cuidado adequado com a ostomia.
Análise da maturidade de arranjos produtivos locais na Serra Gaúcha
Authors: Prochnow Darlan Ariel , Gomes Fabiana Baptista Maurer , Thesing Nelson José , Meira Johannes Miranda , Schuster Ivani
Published: January 2022

O artigo tem por objetivo identificar o nível da maturidade de Arranjos Produtivos Locais da Serra Gaúcha, no Rio Grande do Sul, constituídos por micro, pequenas e médias empresas, que apresentam entre si um conjunto de características próprias, na especialização de produtos/processos/tecnologias. Um processo em que os Arranjos contam com as políticas públicas, na organização e estruturação da governança, para qualificar a capacidade técnica dos atores, estimulando potencialidades endógenas, ativando o movimento associativo local, tornando-se um ambiente fértil, para verificar o nível da maturidade dos Arranjos. Para responder esse desafio, a pesquisa conta com o modelo de identificação do nível de maturidade de Pietrobon (2009). Ainda, o estudo conta com os resultados coletados, pelo questionário, que apresenta o mapeamento e padronização de processos, treinamentos, estrutura organizacional, melhoria contínua, relacionamento, certificação, parcerias, clima organizacional e tecnologia da informação, planejamento estratégico. Pelas lentes de Pietrobon (2009), foram estabelecidos os graus da maturidade de cada Arranjo, tendo presente a análise por dimensão, construindo uma equiparação entre dados da pesquisa, o que permitiu identificar o grau de maturidade, destacando-se em primeiro lugar, o Metalmecânico e Automotivo, em segundo, o Polo de Moda, em terceiro, o Moveleiro. Ainda, a pesquisa aponta que os Arranjos Produtivos Locais são mecanismos de desenvolvimento do setor de produtivo, especialmente ao contar com poder financiador e estruturante do Estado, que modela, auxilia na organização do Arranjo. No entanto, é determinante o fator humano local, o comprometimento dos membros, que modifica e amadurece o Arranjo.
Qual o efeito de exercícios de Kegel e do uso de cones vaginais para fortalecimento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico?
Authors: Andrade Ângela Roberta Lessa de , Pontes Alice Fonseca , Santos Isabel Cristina Ramos Vieira
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: A pesquisa buscou verificar e discutir os métodos de avaliação da força do assoalho pélvico existentes na literatura nos últimos 20 anos, assim como as técnicas para fortalecimento dos mesmos. Métodos: A pesquisa se deu a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica da literatura nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, SCOPUS, SciELO, BDENF e CUIDEN, entre Janeiro e Junho de 2018. Resultados: Existem várias formas de avaliar a função dos músculos do assoalho pélvico e, a palpação bidigital e a perineometria são as mais efetivas. Quanto às formas de fortalecimento, os exercícios de kegel associados aos cones vaginais, são técnicas importantes, por promoverem feedback sensorial ao paciente e têm um bom custo benefício. Sendo o profissional enfermeiro apto a realizar a consulta de enfermagem em uroginecologia, pode promover a prevenção e cura da IU. Conclusão: A análise dos estudos permitiu visualizar de uma forma holística de que existem várias formas de avaliar a função dos músculos do assoalho pélvico e entre elas destacam-se a palpação bidigital e a perineometria por serem as mais efetivas.
Geoprocessamento da tuberculose no município de Santos – SP entre 2006 e 2016
Authors: Jardine Matheus Budahazi , Carneiro João Guilherme Saenz , Lopes Lucca Moreira , Fortunato Hugo Garcia , Caseiro Marcos Montani , Vaz Jhonnes Alberto
Published: January 2022

Realizar um Geoprocessamento da Tuberculose no município de Santos no período compreendido entre 2006 e 2016 a fim de se identificar as regiões com maior número de casos do município. O presente estudo caracteriza-se como ecológico e de tendencia temporal, uma vez que avalia de forma retrospectiva todos os casos de Tuberculose no município de Santos entre 2006 e 2016. Os dados obtidos foram cedidos pelo Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica do estado de São Paulo, sendo fornecido pelo CVE-SP. A base de dados foi composta de 4533 casos para o município de Santos. A maior concentração de casos observada ocorreu na zona Noroeste de Santos, composta pelos bairros Rádio Clube, Chico de Paula e Bom retiro, a região portuária composta pelo bairro do Paquetá e Vila Nova. Uma terceira área de concentração de casos está localizada na região composta pelo morro Monte Serrat, Vila Progresso e Saboó. bairros do Paquetá, Vila Matias e Vila Nova (81 casos) e a região composta pelos bairros Alemoa, Radio Clube, Bom Retiro e São Jorge (103 casos). Essas duas principais regiões totalizaram juntas 184 casos, representando aproximadamente 62% de todos os casos observados no município. Foram identificadas três regiões principais que contribuíram para a maioria dos casos no município, sendo elas, a zona noroeste, a região portuária do Paquetá e a região de morros da nova Cintra e Monte Serrat. Políticas públicas voltadas para essas três regiões poderiam evitar a persistência da disseminação de casos entre elas.
Rambutan peel: An unconventional source of lignin and its potential applications in polymer science
Authors: Oliveira Emanoel Igor da Silva , Santos Jean Brito , Mattedi Silvana , José Nádia Mamede
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the properties of soda lignin obtained from an unconventional and abundant waste - the rambutan peel - since lignin has been shown as the most promising natural organic feedstock alternative to petroleum for polymer science. FTIR analysis and pH measurements have confirmed the acidic form of lignin, which has shown solubility in a wide range of polarities and so many solvents, making its insertion easy on polymeric matrices. While the ability to absorb UV-light was higher than commercial lignin tested as reference, the morphology and size distribution at microscopic level were less regular than that. When added to a starch-based film, the lignin decreases its natural affinity for water, improving the barrier properties, as well as increasing its thermal resistance. Microorganisms could be developed easily on starch-based films containing this kind of lignin. This material, still underreported for technological applications, points towards as promisor to be a component or additive in polymeric matrices.
Comparative Study: Penggunaan Media Sosial oleh Pemerintah Kota Bandung dan Kota Gold Coast
Authors: Syarifuddin Tengku Imam , Purnomo Eko Priyo , Budiman Budiman , Yasa A.Andika
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meliahat bagaimana pemerintah pada kota yang menerapkan konsep smart city memanfaatkan platform media sosisal. Kasus yang diambil adalah akun twitter Majelis Kota Gold Coast dan Pemerintah Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan memanfaatkan software NVivo 12 Plus sebagai alat analisis. Data yang digunakan berasal dari akun twitter resmi @cityofgoldcoast milik Majelis Kota Gold Coast dan akun @humasbdg milik Pemerintah Kota Bandung. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah kedua akun tersebut memiliki kesamaan dalam hal penyampaian informasi dan pola interaksi. Kedua akun dalam menyampaikan informasi tidak secara lengkap, melainkan mencantumkan tautan yang terhubung ke website resmi pemerintah. Selanjutnya kedua akun melakukan pola interaksi yang hanya satu arah. Perbedaan kedua akun terletak pada topik pembahasan disetiap akun dan persebaran informasi. Akun @cityofgoldcoast cenderung mentweet terkait kondisi aktual yang terjadi. Berbeda dengan akun @humasbdg yang memiliki topik pembahasan seputar keprotokoleran. Selain itu kedua akun memiliki persebaran informasi yang menyesuaikan dengan interaksi yg dilakukan. Diakhir penulis memberikan catatan terkait penelitian lanjutan dari pada penelitian ini.
Etika Politik Terhadap Perilaku Korupsi di Indonesia (Studi Kasus DPRD Kota Malang)
Authors: Alim Ashari Sakti , Salmawati Salmawati , Rahmawati Dian Eka
Published: January 2022

This paper wants to discuss how political ethics can influence corruption behavior in Indonesia and more specifically in the legislative. To answer the formulation of the problem in this paper, the writer uses the researce library research method, which is conducting in-depth studies through journals, books and documents. Speaking of corruption is not just how we understand about state losses. But this is a matter of ethics, moral issues, behavior problems and national problems the death of political ethics makes deviant behavior of the stakeholders and also freezes political ethics among elites making a lot of great shocks that can be seen with so much corruption in this country
Kekuatan Politik Dewan Adat Suku dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah di Kabupaten Jayapura Tahun 2017
Authors: Banggu Masni , Purnomo Arie , Asriani Asriani
Published: January 2022

This study aims to describe the political power of the Tribal Customary Council in providing support to regional head candidates in the 2017 Simultaneous Regional Head Elections in Jayapura Regency. This type of qualitative research with ethnographic type. Determination of informants is done purposively. Data was collected through interviews and literature review. The developed data describes, describes, and analyzes in detail the culture and customs based on the research objectives. The results showed that the nine Tribal Customary Councils in Jayapura Regency supported the candidate for Regent Mathius Awaitouw for the 2017-2022 period. The Tribal Customary Council (DAS) has a strong influence on the lives of local people, so that in the election of regional heads, the watershed is often the place where candidates for regional heads ask for permission and blessing.
Regulasi Anti Dumping Dalam Hukum Perdagangan Internasional Dan Penerapannya Di Indonesia
Authors: Siregar Nella Octaviany
Published: January 2022

Persoalan yang terjadi saat ini di Indonesia yaitu permasalahan perdagangan internasional yang berkaitan tentang praktik dumping (penjualan barang impor di bawah harga normal produk domestik). Berdasarkan penjabaran permsalahan tersebut, sehingga bisa merumuskan masalahnya yaitu bagaimana regulasi anti dumping dalam perdagangan internasional, bagaimana penerapannya terhadap industri dalam negeri dari produk-produk impor yang berindikasi dumping. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian hukum normatif. Hsil penelitiannya adalah Regulasi tentang Anti Dumping selain mengacu pada ketentuan internasional (Agreement on Implementation of Article VI GATTÂ danÂ Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Duties), juga pada peraturan perundang-undangan nasional, yaitu UU. No. 10 tahun 1995 tetang Kepabeanan. Pengaturan anti dumping sangat diperlukan untuk melindungi industri dalam negeri terhadap praktik yang dapat merugikan industri dalam negeri yang memproduksi barang sejenis. Penerapan yang dapat dilakukan Indonesia mengatasi praktik dumping lebih dulu dilaksanakan penyelidikan oleh KADI dalan mendapatkan bukti mengenai produk impor berindikasi dumping yang akan merugikan industri domestik. Sesuai bukti tersebut maka pemerintah melalui KADI dapat membebankan bea masuk anti damping kepada importer.
Analysis Of The Impact Of Tourist Visit Level On The Economy Of Local Communities In The Village Of Bena Village, Ngada District
Authors: Jamu Maria Endang , Laga Yulius
Published: January 2022

The traditional village of Bena has become a tourist destination in the Ngada district and is a nationally recognized tourist icon, even known globally. This traditional village is visited by many tourists, because of its uniqueness. The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of tourist visits on the economy of lokal communities in the traditional village of Bena. This is important to be researched and analyzed because, the increasing interest of tourists, who come to visit the traditional village, has a positive impact, especially on the lokal economy. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative, with the data collection method is in-depth interviews. The informants in this study were lokal people around the tourist area. The results show that the increase in the number of tourist visits has had a positive impact on the lokal community in Bena Village, which includes an increase in community income from the sale of woven products, employment opportunities in tourism, business opportunities for lokal people, and side jobs. apart from being a farmer, and people's welfare which is getting better from year to year.
Analysis Of Factors Affecting Adoption Of Financial Technology Application
Authors: Sa'diyah Chalimatuz
Published: January 2022

Financial technology has been an invaluable instructional material in the global science and technology trend and is the target of new technology applications of great business potential. This study aims to analyze the influence of brand and service trust, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use on behaviour intention through attitude on fintech users. This research method uses purposive sampling method with the criteria of entrepreneurs using financial technology and located in Malang city. The number of samples used in this study was 160 respondents. Data interpretation using the Smart PLS3 system for analysis. The results showed that brand and service trust affects attitude. Perceived usefulness affects attitude. Perceived ease of use affects attitude. Attitude affects to Behavior Intention. Attitude variable can mediate the influence of Brand and Service Trust, Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use on Behavior Intention. The Sobel test results show that the bigger indirect effect is the influence of Brand and Service Trust on Behavior Intention through Attitude.
Accountability For Immediate Assistance In Village Fund (Case Study in Lesmana Village, Banyumas Regency)
Authors: Herliana Herliana , Rusmana Oman
Published: January 2022

Pandemic  Covid-19 has an impact on decreasing community income, direct cash assistance sourced from village funds is one solution so that the poor can survive their prime. The research objective was to see how the village of Lesmana relocated village funds into direct cash assistance, as well as to see the accountability of the Village Fund BLT management. This type of qualitative research with case studies, the data used are primary data from observations, interviews, questionnaires and secondary data from literature studies. The results showed that the relocation of village funds to direct cash assistance in the village of Lesmana was in accordance with existing regulations, as well as in terms of management it was carried out quite accountably.
Determinants of Good Corporate Governance (Empirical Studies on Companies Listed on The IDX)
Authors: Praditha Riza , Megawati Megawati , Agustuty Lasty
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is the role of ownership concentration, firm size, and leverage in influencing good corporate governance. This research design is quantitative. The population used is 45 companies indexed LQ45 on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and with the Purposive Sampling method, obtained 17 companies with 3 years of observation, so the number of samples in this study is 51. The results show that the concentration of ownership, company size, and leverage have a significant effect. The test results show a positive and significant effect on the implementation of corporate governance partially for each variable and simultaneously for all variables.
Cantando o gênero:
Authors: Magnus Gomes Cíntia , Gonçalves Alves Ismael
Published: January 2022

Recebido: 20/07/2020 

Aprovado: 10/06/2021

Objetivamos, por meio desta investigação, analisar os discursos que naturalizam violências praticadas contra as mulheres presentes nas letras de músicas sertanejas. As canções elencadas na pesquisa são do ciclo mais recente do estilo musical sertanejo, o chamado Sertanejo Universitário, datado de 2010. Utilizando o gênero como categoria de análise, identificamos como discursos que compõem as composições estabelecem a partir normas de masculinidade e feminilidade relações de subordinação entre os sexos. Para dar conta da complexidade que envolve a questão da violência contra as mulheres, a pesquisa utiliza-se da Lei 11.340/ 2006, a Lei Maria da Penha, que é dividida em categorias que tentam abarcar de forma mais concreta as diferentes formas deste crime como: violência física e psicológica. Metodologicamente, nos baseamos na de análise do discurso, que nos possibilitou identificar as distintas formas de violência contra as mulheres presentes na música sertaneja universitária.

Palavras-chave: Discursos. Gênero. Mulheres. Música. Violência.
O Deslizar do(s) Passado(s) no Presente:
Authors: Zaluski Jorge Luiz
Published: January 2022

Recebida: 14/07/2020

Aprovada: 10/11/2020
Non-Governmental Organizations in Tijuana, Mexico Serving Deported Migrants from the United States
Authors: Altman Claire , Chavez Sergio , Lowrey Kendal
Published: January 2022

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are frequently an immigrant’s primary contact for support and service provision following deportation. We used semi-structured interviews and survey data collected in 2016 from the directors of 15 migrant-serving ONG in Tijuana, Mexico, to study how these Organizations support deportees. Building on the interdisciplinary nonprofit literature, we apply theories related to public values to frame our analysis. Our results suggest that NGOs in Tijuana contribute to public value across six roles while supporting deportees. As a pilot project, this paper provides a foundation for future studies of NGOs and the dynamics of U.S.-Mexico border cities receiving deportees.
The Game of Fluctuating Interests: USA and the Security Architecture in the South China Sea
Authors: Toghuj Raed , AbuAlghanam Bashar
Published: January 2022

Throughout the past period, both the U.S and China further expanded their escalation actions (especially during the Trump and the Biden administrations). Within this context, the aim of this paper is to analyze the structural factors that steer the Chinese side to either keep escalating (potentially invading Taiwan), or to practice fluctuation of interests. By questioning the balance of power theorem between China and their adversaries (notably the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia). The literature about China's rise is voluminous, and consistently pinpoints key historical moments of increased tensions among the Western and Eastern fronts. Evidence points to significant variations within the Chinese modus operandi when it comes to use of force in territorial disputes. As it stands, our position is that barriers to direct conflict between the U.S and China are far too significant.
FAST-NEPAL: Regionally Calibrated Spectral Method for Reinforced Concrete With Masonry Infills
Authors: Cross Theodore , De Luca Flavia , Woods Gregory E. D. , Giordano Nicola , Pokhrel Rama Mohan , De Risi Raffaele
Published: January 2022

Reinforced concrete (RC) with masonry infill is one of the most common structural typologies in Nepal, especially in the Kathmandu Valley. Masonry infills are typically made of solid clay bricks produced locally in Nepal. This study aims to calibrate the spectral-based analytical method, namely, FAST, for Nepalese RC-infilled buildings. The FAST method has been initially conceived for Southern European RC buildings with hollow clay brick infills. The calibration is achieved by reviewing code prescriptions and construction practices for RC masonry infills in Nepal and updating the FAST method. The variables of FAST method are calibrated using different information sources and a Bayesian updating procedure to consider the global and local material properties for solid clay bricks. The FAST-NEPAL method obtained is then verified, considering a single school design, for which a detailed state-of-the-art vulnerability assessment is available. Being particularly suitable for large-scale assessment, the method is further validated using data from Ward-35 of Kathmandu Metropolitan City (in the vicinity of Tribhuvan International Airport) obtained from photographic documentation included in a geo-referenced database of buildings collected after the 2015 Nepal earthquake and prepared for census purposes. The comparisons show that the FAST-NEPAL method can be conservative relative to the other data sources for vulnerability and is more accurate at capturing low-level damage. This makes the approach suitable for large-scale preliminary assessment of vulnerability for prioritisation purposes.
A Self-Report Measure of Diabetes Self-Management for Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: The Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire-Revised (DSMQ-R) – Clinimetric Evidence From Five Studies
Authors: Schmitt Andreas , Kulzer Bernhard , Ehrmann Dominic , Haak Thomas , Hermanns Norbert
Published: January 2022

Aims

Measurement tools to evaluate self-management behavior are useful for diabetes research and clinical practice. The Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) was introduced in 2013 and has become a widely used tool. This article presents a revised and updated version, DSMQ-R, and evaluates its properties in assessing self-management practices in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods

The DSMQ-R is a multidimensional questionnaire with 27 items regarding essential self-management practices for T1D and T2D (including diabetes-adjusted eating, glucose testing/monitoring, medication taking, physical activity and cooperation with the diabetes team). For the revised form, the original items were partially amended and the wording was updated; eleven items were newly added. The tool was applied as part of health-related surveys in five clinical studies (two cross-sectional, three prospective) including a total of 1,447 people with T1D and T2D. Using this data base, clinimetric properties were rigorously tested.

Results

The analyses showed high internal and retest reliability coefficients for the total scale and moderate to high coefficients for the subscales. Reliability coefficients for scales including the new items were consistently higher. Correlations with convergent criteria and related variables supported validity. Responsiveness was supported by significant short to medium term changes in prospective studies. Significant associations with glycemic outcomes were observed for DSMQ-R-assessed medication taking, glucose monitoring and eating behaviors.

Conclusions

The results support good clinimetric properties of the DSMQ-R. The tool can be useful for research and clinical practice and may facilitate the identification of improvable self-management practices in individuals.
Maternal High-Fat Diet Alters the Characteristics of Astrocytes and Worsens the Outcome of Stroke in Rat Offspring, Which Improves After FGF21 Administration
Authors: Li Yanxuan , Lin Mengqi , Lin Ping , Xia Nengzhi , Li Xiaokun , Lin Li , Yang Yunjun
Published: January 2022

Background: Maternal high-fat diet (MHFD) has been shown to increase susceptibility to neurological disease in later offspring, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been reported to have a neuroprotective effect in stroke, but its mechanism of action remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of the effect of MHFD on stroke in offspring in adulthood and the mechanism by which FGF21 acts on stroke and restores neurological function.

Methods: We performed transcriptome sequencing analysis on D21 neonatal rats. Bodyweight and blood indicators were recorded in the adult rats after MHFD. FGF21 was administered 7 h after photochemical modeling twice a day for three consecutive days.

Results: We found numerous mRNA changes between the MHFD group and a normal maternal normal diet (MND) group at D21, including genes related to astrocyte and PI3K/Akt pathways. The body weight, blood glucose, and triglycerides of the MHFD offspring were higher, ischemic lesions were larger, the number of activated astrocytes was lower, and the neurological function score was worse than that of the MND group. After FGF21 administration, WB and qPCR analyses showed that astrocytes and the PI3K/Akt pathway were upregulated, while NF-κB and inflammatory cytokines expression were inhibited in stroke and peri-stroke regions.

Conclusion: Taken together, we conclude that MHFD alters the characteristics of astrocytes and other transcriptome changes in their offspring, leading to a worse prognosis of stroke, while FGF21 plays a neuroprotective role by inhibiting NF-κB and inflammatory factors and activating the PI3K/Akt pathway and activating more astrocytes in the MND group than the MHFD group.
Identification and Validation of Key Genes of Differential Correlations in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Chen Tingna , He Qiuming , Xiang Zhenxian , Dou Rongzhang , Xiong Bin
Published: January 2022

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis. Previously bulk transcriptome analysis was utilized to identify key genes correlated with the development, progression and prognosis of GC. However, due to the complexity of the genetic mutations, there is still an urgent need to recognize core genes in the regulatory network of GC.

Methods: Gene expression profiles (GSE66229) were retrieved from the GEO database. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to identify gene modules mostly correlated with GC carcinogenesis. R package ‘DiffCorr’ was applied to identify differentially correlated gene pairs in tumor and normal tissues. Cytoscape was adopted to construct and visualize the gene regulatory network.

Results: A total of 15 modules were detected in WGCNA analysis, among which three modules were significantly correlated with GC. Then genes in these modules were analyzed separately by “DiffCorr”. Multiple differentially correlated gene pairs were recognized and the network was visualized by the software Cytoscape. Moreover, GEMIN5 and PFDN2, which were rarely discussed in GC, were identified as key genes in the regulatory network and the differential expression was validated by real-time qPCR, WB and IHC in cell lines and GC patient tissues.

Conclusions: Our research has shed light on the carcinogenesis mechanism by revealing differentially correlated gene pairs during transition from normal to tumor. We believe the application of this network-based algorithm holds great potential in inferring relationships and detecting candidate biomarkers.
Autophagy, Pyroptosis, and Ferroptosis: New Regulatory Mechanisms for Atherosclerosis
Authors: Lin Lin , Zhang Mu-Xin , Zhang Lei , Zhang Dan , Li Chao , Li Yun-lun
Published: January 2022

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by the gradual buildup of plaques within the vessel wall of middle-sized and large arteries. The occurrence and development of atherosclerosis and the rupture of plaques are related to the injury of vascular cells, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Autophagy is a subcellular process that plays an important role in the degradation of proteins and damaged organelles, and the autophagy disorder of vascular cells is closely related to atherosclerosis. Pyroptosis is a proinflammatory form of regulated cell death, while ferroptosis is a form of regulated nonapoptotic cell death involving overwhelming iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Both of them exhibit distinct features from apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy in morphology, biochemistry, and genetics. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that pyroptosis and ferroptosis interact with autophagy and participate in the development of cancers, degenerative brain diseases and cardiovascular diseases. This review updated the current understanding of autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, finding potential links and their effects on atherogenesis and plaque stability, thus providing ways to develop new pharmacological strategies to address atherosclerosis and stabilize vulnerable, ruptured plaques.
Identification, Mapping, and Genetic Diversity of Novel Conserved Cross-Species Epitopes of RhopH2 in Plasmodium knowlesi With Plasmodium vivax
Authors: Ahmed Md Atique , Deshmukh Gauspasha Yusuf , Zaidi Rehan Haider , Saif Ahmed , Alshahrani Mohammed Abdulrahman , Wazid Syeda Wasfeea , Patgiri Saurav Jyoti , Quan Fu-Shi
Published: January 2022

Malaria is a major public health concern, and any tangible intervention during the pre-elimination phase can result in a significant reduction in infection rates. Recent studies have reported that antigens producing cross-protective immunity can play an important role as vaccines and halt malaria transmission in different endemic regions. In this study, we studied the genetic diversity, natural selection, and discovered novel conserved epitopes of a high molecular weight rhoptry protein 2 (RhopH2) in clinical samples of Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium vivax cross-protective domains, which has been proven to produce cross-protective immunity in both species. We found low levels of nucleotide diversity (P. knowlesi; π ~ 0.0093, SNPs = 49 and P. vivax π ~ 0.0014, SNPs = 23) in P. knowlesi (n = 40) and P. vivax (n = 65) samples in the PkRhopH2 cross-protective domain. Strong purifying selection was observed for both species (P. knowlesi; dS - dN = 2.41, p < 0.009, P. vivax; dS - dN = 1.58, p < 0.050). In silico epitope prediction in P. knowlesi identified 10 potential epitopes, of which 7 epitopes were 100% conserved within clinical samples. Of these epitopes, an epitope with 10 amino acids (QNSKHFKKEK) was found to be fully conserved within all P. knowlesi and P. vivax clinical samples and 80%–90% conservation within simian malaria ortholog species, i.e., P. coatneyi and P. cynomolgi. Phylogenetic analysis of the PkRhopH2 cross-protective domain showed geographical clustering, and three subpopulations of P. knowlesi were identified of which two subpopulations originated from Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, and one comprised only the laboratory lines from Peninsular Malaysia. This study suggests that RhopH2 could be an excellent target for cross-protective vaccine development with potential for outwitting strain as well as species-specific immunity. However, more detailed studies on genetic diversity using more clinical samples from both species as well as the functional role of antibodies specific to the novel conserved epitope identified in this study can be explored for protection against infection.
The Enhanced Expression of Cruzipain-Like Molecules in the Phytoflagellate Phytomonas serpens Recovered From the Invertebrate and Plant Hosts
Authors: Oliveira Simone S. C. , Elias Camila G. R. , Dias Felipe A. , Lopes Angela H. , d’Avila-Levy Claudia M. , Santos André L. S. , Branquinha Marta H.
Published: January 2022

Phytomonas serpens is a protozoan parasite that alternates its life cycle between two hosts: an invertebrate vector and the tomato fruit. This phytoflagellate is able to synthesize proteins displaying similarity to the cysteine peptidase named cruzipain, an important virulence factor from Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. Herein, the growth of P. serpens in complex medium (BHI) supplemented with natural tomato extract (NTE) resulted in the increased expression of cysteine peptidases, as verified by the hydrolysis of the fluorogenic substrate Z-Phe-Arg-AMC and by gelatin-SDS-PAGE. Phytoflagellates showed no changes in morphology, morphometry and viability, but the proliferation was slightly reduced when cultivated in the presence of NTE. The enhanced proteolytic activity was accompanied by a significant increase in the expression of cruzipain-like molecules, as verified by flow cytometry using anti-cruzipain antibodies. In parallel, parasites incubated under chemically defined conditions (PBS supplemented with glucose) and added of different concentration of NTE revealed an augmentation in the production of cruzipain-like molecules in a typically dose-dependent way. Similarly, P. serpens recovered from the infection of mature tomatoes showed an increase in the expression of molecules homologous to cruzipain; however, cells showed a smaller size compared to parasites grown in BHI medium. Furthermore, phytoflagellates incubated with dissected salivary glands from Oncopeltus fasciatus or recovered from the hemolymph of infected insects also showed a strong enhance in the expression of cruzipain-like molecules that is more relevant in the hemolymph. Collectively, our results showed that cysteine peptidases displaying similarities to cruzipain are more expressed during the life cycle of the phytoflagellate P. serpens both in the invertebrate and plant hosts.
Association of High Serum Adiponectin Level With Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes and Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification in Patients With Pre-dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Suh Sang Heon , Oh Tae Ryom , Choi Hong Sang , Kim Chang Seong , Lee Joongyub , Oh Yun Kyu , Jung Ji Yong , Lee Kyu-Beck , Oh Kook-Hwan , Ma Seong Kwon , Bae Eun Hui , Kim Soo Wan
Published: January 2022

Background: Serum adiponectin level predicts cardiovascular (CV) outcomes and progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) in the general population, although the association has not been validated in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we investigated the association of high serum adiponectin level with the risk of adverse CV outcomes and progression of CAC in patients with pre-dialysis CKD.

Methods: A total of 1,127 patients with pre-dialysis CKD from a nationwide prospective cohort of patients with pre-dialysis CKD in Korea were divided into the tertile by serum adiponectin level at the baseline. CV outcome of interest was fatal and non-fatal CV events and all-cause mortality. Progression of CAC was defined as coronary artery calcium score (CACS) change more than 200 during a 4-year follow-up.

Results: Cox regression analysis revealed that high serum adiponectin is associated with increased risk of fatal and non-fatal CV events (adjusted hazard ratio 2.799, 95% CI 1.348–5.811). In contrast, high serum adiponectin level was not significantly associated with all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 0.655, 95% CI 0.203–2.113). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that high serum adiponectin level is also associated with increased risk of progression of CAC (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.078, 95% CI 1.014–4.260). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the association of high serum adiponectin with increased risk of fatal and non-fatal CV events is not modified by age, gender, history of diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), or spot urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR).

Conclusions: High serum adiponectin level is associated with adverse CV outcomes and progression of CAC in patients with pre-dialysis CKD.
Trends in Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation Following ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Over a 20-Year Period
Authors: Perl Leor , Bental Tamir , Orvin Katia , Vaknin-Assa Hana , Greenberg Gabriel , Codner Pablo , Shapira Yaron , Vaturi Mordehay , Sagie Alexander , Kornowski Ran
Published: January 2022

Background: Ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) is a common complication of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Little is known regarding the impact of IMR over a long period of follow up.

Methods: Of 3,208 consecutive STEMI patients from a prospective registry, full echocardiographic information was available for 2,985 patients between the years 2000 and 2020. We compared the two decades- 2001 to 2010 and 2011 to 2020, and assessed for the presence of IMR at baseline, 3 (range 2–6) months and 12 (range 10–14) months after the index event.

Results: One thousand six hundred and sixty six patients were included in the first decade, 1,319 in the second. Mean patient age was 61.3 ± 12.3 years, 21.1% female patients in the first decade vs. 60.9 ± 12.0 years and 22.2% female in the second (p = 0.40 and p = 0.212, respectively). Rates of moderate IMR or above during the index admission were 17.2% in the first period and 9.3% in the second one (p < 0.001). After 3 months, the rate of IMR was 48.5% for those who suffered from IMR at baseline, vs. 9.5% for those without IMR at baseline (HR- 4.2, p < 0.001). Death rates for those with moderate IMR or above were 14.7% and 17.8% after 1 and 2 years, respectively, vs. 7.3 and 9.6% for those without (p < 0.001 for both). IMR was associated with 1 year mortality in multivariate analysis (HR-1.37; 1.09–2.20, p = 0.009), as well as in propensity score matched analysis (HR 1.29; CI: 1.07–1.91; p < 0.001).

Conclusions: IMR is a common complication following acute STEMI, impacting prognosis. Rates of IMR have declined significantly over the years.
Functional Deletion/Insertion Promoter Variants in SCARB1 Associated With Increased Susceptibility to Lipid Profile Abnormalities and Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Hu Senlin , Hu Dong , Wei Haoran , Li Shi-yang , Wang Dong , Li Chen-ze , Jiang Jiangang , Wang Daowen , Cui Guanglin , Wang Daowu
Published: January 2022

Background: Genetic variants in Scavenger receptor Class B Type 1 (SCARB1) influencing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk were identified by recent genome-wide association studies. Further study of potential functional variants in SCARB1 may provide new ideas of the complicated relationship between HDL-C and CHD.

Methods: 2000 bp in SCARB1 promoter region was re-sequenced in 168 participants with extremely high plasma HDL-C and 400 control subjects. Putative risk alleles were identified using bioinformatics analysis and reporter-gene assays. Two indel variants, rs144334493 and rs557348251, respectively, were genotyped in 5,002 CHD patients and 5,175 control subjects. The underlying mechanisms were investigated.

Results: Through resequencing, 27 genetic variants were identified. Results of genotyping in 5,002 CHD patients and 5,175 control subjects revealed that rs144334493 and rs557348251 were significantly associated with increased risk of CHD [odds ratio (OR): 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09 to 1.52, p = 0.003; OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.66–4.24, p = 4.4 × 10−5). Subsequent mechanism experiments demonstrated that rs144334493 deletion allele attenuated forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) binding to the promoter region of SCARB1, while FOXA1 overexpression reversely increased SR-BI expression.

Conclusion: Genetic variants in SCARB1 promoter region significantly associated with the plasma lipid levels by affecting SR-BI expression and contribute to the susceptibility of CHD.
Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE) Deficiency Does Not Affect Atherosclerosis and CD4 T Cell Immune Tolerance to Apolipoprotein B
Authors: Nettersheim Felix Sebastian , Braumann Simon , Kobiyama Kouji , Orecchioni Marco , Vassallo Melanie , Miller Jacqueline , Ali Amal , Roy Payel , Saigusa Ryosuke , Wolf Dennis , Ley Klaus , Winkels Holger
Published: January 2022

Atherosclerosis is a chronic, lipid-driven disease of medium sized arteries which causes myocardial infarction and stroke. Recently, an adaptive immune response against the plaque-associated autoantigen Apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB), the structural protein component of low-density lipoprotein, has been implicated in atherogenesis. In healthy individuals, CD4+T cells responding to ApoB mainly comprised regulatory T cells, which confer immune tolerance and atheroprotection. Mice and patients with atherosclerosis harbor increased numbers of proatherogenic ApoB-reactive T-helper cell subsets. Given the lack of therapies targeting proatherogenic immunity, clarification of the underlying mechanisms is of high clinical relevance. T cells develop in the thymus, where strong autoreactive T cells are eliminated in the process of negative selection. Herein, we investigated whether the transcription factor autoimmune regulator (AIRE), which controls expression of numerous tissue-restricted self-antigens in the thymus, is involved in mediating tolerance to ApoB and whetherAiredeficiency might contribute to atherogenesis. Mice deficient forAirewere crossbred to apolipoprotein E-deficient mice to obtain atherosclerosis-proneAire−/−Apoe−/−mice, which were fed a regular chow diet (CD) or western-type diet (WD). CD4+T cells responding to the ApoB peptide p6 were analyzed by flow cytometry. We demonstrate thatAiredeficiency influences neither generation nor activation of ApoB-reactive T cells and has only minor and overall inconsistent impacts on their phenotype. Furthermore, we show that atherosclerotic plaque size is not affected inAire−/−Apoe−/−compared toAire+/+Apoe−/−, irrespective of diet and gender. In conclusion, our data suggests that AIRE is not involved in regulating thymic expression of ApoB or atherosclerosis. Alternative mechanisms how ApoB-reactive CD4 T cells are selected in the thymus will have to be investigated.