bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uniformity analysis of temperature distribution in an industrial MOCVD reactor
Authors: Zheng Jiang , Fang Haisheng , Zhang Zhi , Yang Jinzhe , Gan Zhiyin , Yan Han
Published: September 2016

Three‐dimensional models, coupling fluid flow and heat transfer, have been adopted to analyze influences of the process parameters on the temperature uniformity in an industrial MOCVD reactor. Important factors, such as the inlet gas flow, the susceptor rotation, the heater power, the distance between the heat shield and the susceptor (d1), as well as the distance between the heater and the susceptor (d2), have been investigated carefully. The system heating condition is characterized by temperature uniformity denoted as the standard deviation of temperature, and by thermal efficiency expressed as a combination parameter of the dissipated energy. The results reveal that decrease of the gas flow and the rotation rate, as well as increase of the distance d1, could monotonically enhance the temperature uniformity. The results also show that decrease of the above three parameters could improve the thermal efficiency. Furthermore, increase of the distance d2 enhances the temperature uniformity, and reduces the thermal efficiency slightly. The influences of the parameters on the uniformity vary at the different locations of the susceptor as divided into Zone A, Zone B and Zone C. The conclusions help the growth engineer optimize the system design and process conditions of the reactor.
Prospective and dyadic associations between expectant parents’ prenatal hormone changes and postpartum parenting outcomes
Authors: Edelstein Robin S. , Chopik William J. , Saxbe Darby E. , Wardecker Britney M. , Moors Amy C. , LaBelle Onawa P.
Published: September 2016

During the transition to parenthood, both men and women experience hormone changes that are thought to promote parental care. Yet very few studies have explicitly tested the hypothesis that prenatal hormone changes are associated with postpartum parenting behavior. In a longitudinal study of 27 first‐time expectant couples, we assessed whether prenatal hormone changes were moderated by self‐ and partner‐reported parenting outcomes at 3 months postpartum. Expectant fathers showed prenatal declines in testosterone and estradiol, and larger declines in these hormones were associated with greater contributions to household and infant care tasks postpartum. Women whose partners showed larger testosterone declines also reported receiving more support and more help with household tasks. Expectant mothers showed prenatal increases in testosterone and estradiol, and larger increases in these hormones were associated with lower partner‐rated support. Together, our findings provide some of the first evidence that prenatal hormone changes may indeed be functional and that the implications of these changes may be detectable by co‐parents.
A global study of the unmet need for glycemic control and predictor factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have achieved optimal fasting plasma glucose control on basal insulin
Authors: Raccah Denis , Chou Engels , Colagiuri Stephen , Gaàl Zsolt , Lavalle Fernando , Mkrtumyan Ashot , Nikonova Elena , Tentolouris Nikolaos , Vidal Josep , Davies Melanie
Published: September 2016

Background

This study used data from different sources to identify the extent of the unmet need for postprandial glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after the initiation of basal insulin therapy in Europe, Asia Pacific, the United States, and Latin America.

Methods

Different levels of evidence were used as available for each country/region, with data extracted from seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs), three clinical trial registries (CTRs), and three electronic medical record (EMR) databases. Glycemic status was categorized as “well controlled” (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] at target [<7%]), “residual hyperglycemia” (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] but not HbA1c at target [FPG <7.2/7.8 mmol/L, <130/140 mg/dL, depending on country‐specific recommendations]), or “uncontrolled” (both FPG and HbA1c above target). Predictor factors were identified from the RCT data set using logistic regression analysis.

Results

RCT data showed that 16.9% to 28.0%, 42.7% to 54.4%, and 16.9% to 38.1% of patients with T2DM had well‐controlled glycemia, residual hyperglycemia, and uncontrolled hyperglycemia, respectively. In CTRs, respective ranges were 21.8% to 33.6%, 31.5% to 35.6%, and 30.7% to 46.8%, and in EMR databases were 4.4% to 21.0%, 23.9% to 31.8%, and 53.6% to 63.8%. Significant predictor factors of residual hyperglycemia identified from RCT data included high baseline HbA1c (all countries/regions except Brazil), high baseline FPG (United Kingdom/Japan), longer duration of diabetes (Brazil), and female sex (Europe/Latin America).

Conclusions

Irrespective of intrinsic differences between data sources, 24% to 54% of patients with T2DM globally had residual hyperglycemia with HbA1c not at target, despite achieving FPG control, indicating a significant unmet need for postprandial glycemic control.
The role of novel forest ecosystems in the conservation of wood‐inhabiting fungi in boreal broadleaved forests
Authors: Juutilainen Katja , Mönkkönen Mikko , Kotiranta Heikki , Halme Panu
Published: September 2016

The increasing human impact on the earth's biosphere is inflicting changes at all spatial scales. As well as deterioration and fragmentation of natural biological systems, these changes also led to other, unprecedented effects and emergence of novel habitats. In boreal zone, intensive forest management has negatively impacted a multitude of deadwood‐associated species. This is especially alarming given the important role wood‐inhabiting fungi have in the natural decay processes. In the boreal zone, natural broad‐leaved‐dominated, herb‐rich forests are threatened habitats which have high wood‐inhabiting fungal species richness. Fungal diversity in other broadleaved forest habitat types is poorly known. Traditional wood pastures and man‐made afforested fields are novel habitats that could potentially be important for wood‐inhabiting fungi. This study compares species richness and fungal community composition across the aforementioned habitat types, based on data collected for wood‐inhabiting fungi occupying all deadwood diameter fractions. Corticioid and polyporoid fungi were surveyed from 67 130 deadwood particles in four natural herb‐rich forests, four birch‐dominated wood pastures, and four birch‐dominated afforested field sites in central Finland. As predicted, natural herb‐rich forests were the most species‐rich habitat. However, afforested fields also had considerably higher overall species richness than wood pastures. Many rare or rarely collected species were detected in each forest type. Finally, fungal community composition showed some divergence not only among the different habitat types, but also among deadwood diameter fractions. Synthesis and applications: In order to maintain biodiversity at both local and regional scales, conserving threatened natural habitat types and managing traditional landscapes is essential. Man‐made secondary woody habitats could provide the necessary resources and serve as surrogate habitats for many broadleaved deadwood‐associated species, and thus complement the existing conservation network of natural forests.
Experimental warming increases herbivory by leaf‐chewing insects in an alpine plant community
Authors: Birkemoe Tone , Bergmann Saskia , Hasle Toril E. , Klanderud Kari
Published: September 2016

Climate warming is predicted to affect species and trophic interactions worldwide, and alpine ecosystems are expected to be especially sensitive to changes. In this study, we used two ongoing climate warming (open‐top chambers) experiments at Finse, southern Norway, to examine whether warming had an effect on herbivory by leaf‐chewing insects in an alpine Dryas heath community. We recorded feeding marks on the most common vascular plant species in warmed and control plots at two experimental sites at different elevations and carried out a brief inventory of insect herbivores. Experimental warming increased herbivory on Dryas octopetala and Bistorta vivipara. Dryas octopetala also experienced increased herbivory at the lower and warmer site, indicating an overall positive effect of warming, whereas B. vivipara experienced an increased herbivory at the colder and higher site indicating a mixed effect of warming. The Lepidoptera Zygaena exulans and Sympistis nigrita were the two most common leaf‐chewing insects in the Dryas heath. Based on the observed patterns of herbivory, the insects life cycles and feeding preferences, we argue that Z. exulans is the most important herbivore on B. vivipara, and S. nigrita the most important herbivore on D. octopetala. We conclude that if the degree of insect herbivory increases in a warmer world, as suggested by this study and others, complex interactions between plants, insects, and site‐specific conditions make it hard to predict overall effects on plant communities.
Thermodynamic Evaluation and Carbon Footprint Analysis of the Application of Hydrogen‐Based Energy‐Storage Systems in Residential Buildings
Authors: Adametz Patrick , Pötzinger Christian , Müller Stefan , Müller Karsten , Preißinger Markus , Lechner Raphael , Brüggemann Dieter , Brautsch Markus , Arlt Wolfgang
Published: September 2016

This study represents a thermodynamic evaluation and carbon footprint analysis of the application of hydrogen‐based energy storage systems in residential buildings. In the system model, buildings are equipped with photovoltaic (PV) modules and a hydrogen storage system to conserve excess PV electricity from times with high solar irradiation to times with low solar irradiation. Short‐term storages enable a degree of self‐sufficiency of approximately 60 % for a single‐family house (SFH) [multifamily house (MFH): 38 %]. Emissions can be reduced by 40 % (SFH) (MFH: 30 %) compared to households without PV modules. These results are almost independent of the applied storage technology. For seasonal storage, the degree of self‐sufficiency ranges between 57 and 83 % (SFH). The emission reductions highly depend on the storage technology, as emissions caused by manufacturing the storage dominate the emission balance. Compressed gas or liquid organic hydrogen carriers are the best options, enabling emission reductions of 40 %.
Carbo‐ and Methanothermal Reduction of Tungsten Trioxide into Metallic Tungsten for Thermochemical Production of Solar Fuels
Authors: Villafán‐Vidales Heidi I. , Abanades Stéphane , Montiel‐González Moises , Romero‐Paredes‐Rubio Hernando
Published: September 2016

The WO3/W redox pair is proposed as an alternative option for the production of solar fuels due to high reactivity and selectivity in two‐step thermochemical redox cycles. This study addresses the high‐temperature solar step involving the use of carbonaceous materials (carbon or methane) as reducing agents to lower the temperature of the reduction step in the WO3/W cycle, which makes the process compatible with the use of concentrated solar energy as the source of process heat. The carbothermal reduction of tungsten trioxide to tungsten by using carbon in the form of graphite, carbon black, and activated carbon was investigated with a thermobalance and a packed‐bed tubular reactor, whereas methanothermal reduction was studied by using a solar‐driven thermogravimetric reactor. The WO3/C powder reactivity was analyzed as a function of temperature, carbon type, and stoichiometry of the reactant mixture. The reaction was complete upon heating to 1280 °C when using excess carbon in the mixture, with metallic tungsten and carbon monoxide as the main products. A high specific surface area of carbon favored the solid–gas reaction mechanism, whereas a small carbon nanoparticle size favored the solid–solid mechanism, along with the formation of carbides. Methanothermal reduction of WO3 started from 850 °C and yielded mainly W and WC at 1000 °C with WO3 conversion above 80 %. This study thus indicates that carbo‐ and methanothermal reduction of tungsten trioxide can be used to produce metallic tungsten powder efficiently.
Effects of low-molecular-weight organic acids on the acute lethality, accumulation, and enzyme activity of cadmium in Eisenia fetida in a simulated soil solution
Authors: Liu Hai-Long , Wang Yu-Jun , Xuan Liang , Dang Fei , Zhou Dong-Mei
Published: September 2016

In the present study, the effects of low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) on the toxicity of cadmium (Cd) to Eisenia fetida were investigated in a simulated soil solution. The LMWOAs protected E. fetida from Cd toxicity, as indicated by the increased median lethal concentration (LC50) values and the increased activity of superoxide dismutase. In addition, Cd concentrations in E. fetida decreased dramatically in the presence of LMWOAs. These results were likely because of the complexation between Cd and LMWOAs, which decreased the bioavailability and consequential toxicity of Cd to E. fetida. Notably, LMWOAs reduced Cd toxicity in decreasing order (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid [EDTA] > citric acid > oxalic acid > malic acid > acetic acid), which was consistent with the decreasing complexation constants between LMWOAs and Cd. These results advance our understanding of the interactions between Cd and LMWOAs in soil. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1005–1011. © 2016 SETAC
An intelligent selection method based on game theory in heterogeneous wireless networks
Authors: Salih Yass K. , See Ong Hang , Ibrahim Rabha W.
Published: September 2016

In next‐generation networks, users can optimize the choice with seamless transfer of different access technologies to maximize cost saving and improve quality of service. In such heterogeneous wireless environments, users equipped with multimode wireless devices that can access rich media services via one or more access networks. These networks may differ in terms of monetary cost, coverage range, technology, available bandwidth, energy usage and so on. The new challenge faced by network operators is to ensure users always connect to the best available network, whenever they want and wherever they are or another word to stay Always‐Best‐Connected. Therefore, a new intelligent method is proposed here to optimize vertical handover in selection processes to ensure Always‐Best‐Connected in heterogeneous wireless networks. The proposed solution identifies a new game network selection model for choosing the best connections from different candidate wireless networks. The selected network should satisfy the typical user demands. The proposed selection model is implemented by using the non‐cooperative game model. The proposed solution is evaluated through in‐depth analysis and simulation‐based testing. Results clearly prove that the proposed solution exhibits the highest performance compared with other solutions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of peripheral neuropathy in multiple myeloma patients receiving bortezomib and thalidomide: a genetic study based on a single nucleotide polymorphism array
Authors: García‐Sanz Ramón , Corchete Luis Antonio , Alcoceba Miguel , Chillon María Carmen , Jiménez Cristina , Prieto Isabel , García‐Álvarez María , Puig Noemi , Rapado Immaculada , Barrio Santiago , Oriol Albert , Blanchard María Jesús , de la Rubia Javier , Martínez Rafael , Lahuerta Juan José , González Díaz Marcos , Mateos María Victoria , San Miguel Jesús Fernando , Martínez‐López Joaquín , Sarasquete María Eugenia ,   On behalf of the GEM (Grupo Español de MM)/PETHEMA (Programa para el Estudio de la Terapéutica en Hemopatías Malignas) cooperative study group
Published: September 2016

Bortezomib‐ and thalidomide‐based therapies have significantly contributed to improved survival of multiple myeloma (MM) patients. However, treatment‐induced peripheral neuropathy (TiPN) is a common adverse event associated with them. Risk factors for TiPN in MM patients include advanced age, prior neuropathy, and other drugs, but there are conflicting results about the role of genetics in predicting the risk of TiPN. Thus, we carried out a genome‐wide association study based on more than 300 000 exome single nucleotide polymorphisms in 172 MM patients receiving therapy involving bortezomib and thalidomide. We compared patients developing and not developing TiPN under similar treatment conditions (GEM05MAS65, NCT00443235). The highest‐ranking single nucleotide polymorphism was rs45443101, located in the PLCG2 gene, but no significant differences were found after multiple comparison correction (adjusted P = .1708). Prediction analyses, cytoband enrichment, and pathway analyses were also performed, but none yielded any significant findings. A copy number approach was also explored, but this gave no significant results either. In summary, our study did not find a consistent genetic component associated with TiPN under bortezomib and thalidomide therapies that could be used for prediction, which makes clinical judgment essential in the practical management of MM treatment.
Perturbation of Akt Signaling, Mitochondrial Potential, and ADP/ATP Ratio in Acidosis‐Challenged Rat Cortical Astrocytes
Authors: Wu King‐Chuen , Cheng Ka‐Shun , Wang Yu‐Wen , Chen Yuh‐Fung , Wong Kar‐Lok , Su Tzu‐Hui , Chan Paul , Leung Yuk‐Man
Published: September 2016

Cells switch to anaerobic glycolysis when there is a lack of oxygen during brain ischemia. Extracellular pH thus drops and such acidosis causes neuronal cell death. The fate of astrocytes, mechanical, and functional partners of neurons, in acidosis is less studied. In this report, we investigated the signaling in acidosis‐challenged rat cortical astrocytes and whether these signals were related to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Exposure to acidic pH (6.8, 6.0) caused Ca2+ release and influx, p38 MAPK activation, and Akt inhibition. Mitochondrial membrane potential was hyperpolarized after astrocytes were exposed to acidic pH as soon as 1 h and lasted for 24 h. Such mitochondrial hyperpolarization was prevented by SC79 (an Akt activator) but not by SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor) nor by cytosolic Ca2+ chelation by BAPTA, suggesting that only the perturbation in Akt signaling was causally related to mitochondrial hyperpolarization. SC79, SB203580, and BAPTA did not prevent acidic pH‐induced cell death. Acidic pH suppressed ROS production, thus ruling out the role of ROS in cytotoxicity. Interestingly, pH 6.8 caused an increase in ADP/ATP ratio and apoptosis; pH 6.0 caused a further increase in ADP/ATP ratio and necrosis. Therefore, astrocyte cell death in acidosis did not result from mitochondrial potential collapse; in case of acidosis at pH 6.0, necrosis might partly result from mitochondrial hyperpolarization and subsequent suppressed ATP production. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1108–1117, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensitivity and Resolution Development of Spiropyran‐based Molecular Photoswitches
Authors: Heydaripour Maryam , Nourmohammadian Farahnaz , Saadatjoo Naghi
Published: September 2016

The phenylazo moiety and its donor‐ and acceptor‐substituted derivatives are studied as effective auxochromes to improve their sensitivity and resolution for distinguishing between the spiro (SP; OFF) and mero (ON) forms in molecular photoswitching applications. Thus, 13 azospiropyran derivatives were synthesized and their spectroscopic and photokinetic behaviors were studied. The quality of photochromic reactions of the synthesized photochromic compounds were compared using a dose–response model. Interestingly, by replacing the nitro group in 6‐nitrospiropyran (ε = 0.42 × 104 M−1 cm−1) with a simple phenylazo moiety, the SP form is still colorless and the color intensity of the merocyanine (MC) form is improved desirably by extending the conjugation length (1a, ε = 1.35 × 104 M−1 cm−1). The presence of a hydrophilic OH group or a CH3
group at the para position of phenylazo moiety revealed more or less the same photochromic properties as 1a. The OCH3
group substituted at position 6 of the phenylazo moiety at the para position of the azobenzene moiety effectively increased the photochromic properties with the maximum k‐value for SP to MC switching. Meanwhile, Cl, Br, COOH, and NO2
groups at the para position of the azobenzene moiety revealed the reduction in photochromic properties compared to 1a.
PCR Assay Based on the gyrB Gene for Rapid Identification of Acinetobacter baumannii‐calcoaceticus Complex at Specie Level
Authors: Teixeira Aline B. , Barin Juliana , Hermes Djuli M. , Barth Afonso L. , Martins Andreza F.
Published: September 2016

Background

The genus Acinetobacter sp. comprises more than 50 species, and four are closely related and difficult to be distinguished by either phenotypic or genotypic methods: the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus‐baumannii complex (ABC). The correct identification at species level is necessary mainly due to the epidemiological aspects.

Methods

We evaluated a multiplex PCR for gyrB gene to identify the species of the ABC using the sequencing of the ITS 16S‐23S fragment as a gold standard. Isolates identified as Acinetobacter calcoaceticus‐baumannii from three hospitals at southern Brazil in 2011 were included in this study.

Results

A total of 117 isolates were obtained and 106 (90.6%) were confirmed as A. baumannii, 6 (5.1%) as A. nosocomialis and 4 (3.4%) as A. pittii by PCR for gyrB gene. Only one isolate did not present a product of the PCR for the gyrB gene; this isolate was identified as Acinetobacter genospecie 10 by sequencing of ITS. We also noted that the non‐A. baumannii isolates were recovered from respiratory tract (8/72.7%), blood (2/18.2%) and urine (1/9.1%), suggesting that these species can cause serious infection.

Conclusion

These findings evidenced that the multiplex PCR of the gyrB is a feasible and simple method to identify isolates of the ABC at the species level.
Protective Role of GPER Agonist G‐1 on Cardiotoxicity Induced by Doxorubicin
Authors: De Francesco Ernestina M. , Rocca Carmine , Scavello Francesco , Amelio Daniela , Pasqua Teresa , Rigiracciolo Damiano C. , Scarpelli Andrea , Avino Silvia , Cirillo Francesca , Amodio Nicola , Cerra Maria C. , Maggiolini Marcello , Angelone Tommaso
Published: September 2016

The use of Doxorubicin (Dox), a frontline drug for many cancers, is often complicated by dose‐limiting cardiotoxicity in approximately 20% of patients. The G‐protein estrogen receptor GPER/GPR30 mediates estrogen action as the cardioprotection under certain stressful conditions. For instance, GPER activation by the selective agonist G‐1 reduced myocardial inflammation, improved immunosuppression, triggered pro‐survival signaling cascades, improved myocardial mechanical performance, and reduced infarct size after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Hence, we evaluated whether ligand‐activated GPER may exert cardioprotection in male rats chronically treated with Dox. 1 week of G‐1 (50 μg/kg/day) intraperitoneal administration mitigated Dox (3 mg/kg/day) adverse effects, as revealed by reduced TNF‐α, IL‐1β, LDH, and ROS levels. Western blotting analysis of cardiac homogenates indicated that G‐1 prevents the increase in p‐c‐jun, BAX, CTGF, iNOS, and COX2 expression induced by Dox. Moreover, the activation of GPER rescued the inhibitory action elicited by Dox on the expression of BCL2, pERK, and pAKT. TUNEL assay indicated that GPER activation may also attenuate the cardiomyocyte apoptosis upon Dox exposure. Using ex vivo Langendorff perfused heart technique, we also found an increased systolic recovery and a reduction of both infarct size and LDH levels in rats treated with G‐1 in combination with Dox respect to animals treated with Dox alone. Accordingly, the beneficial effects induced by G‐1 were abrogated in the presence of the GPER selective antagonist G15. These data suggest that GPER activation mitigates Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity, thus proposing GPER as a novel pharmacological target to limit the detrimental cardiac effects of Dox treatment. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1640–1649, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hyaluronic Acid Nanohydrogel Loaded With Quercetin Alone or in Combination to a Macrolide Derivative of Rapamycin RAD001 (Everolimus) as a New Treatment for Hormone‐Responsive Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Quagliariello Vincenzo , Iaffaioli Rosario Vincenzo , Armenia Emilia , Clemente Ottavia , Barbarisi Manlio , Nasti Guglielmo , Berretta Massimiliano , Ottaiano Alessandro , Barbarisi Alfonso
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study is based on the evaluation of anticancer, anti‐inflammatory activities, and cellular uptake of hyaluronic acid nanohydrogel of quercetin tested alone and in combination to a macrolide derivative of rapamycin RAD001 (everolimus) on hormone‐responsive breast cancer cell line MCF‐7. Biological investigations were focused on the receptor mediated cellular internalization of the nanohydrogel and its abilities to reduce secretion of several cytokines (IL‐8, IL‐6, IL‐19), VEGF, and metalloproteases (MMP‐2, MMP‐9) under pro‐inflammatory conditions. Nanohydrogel show a CD44 dependent endocytosis with evident time dependent cytoplasmatic accumulation with abilities to reduce secretion of all cytokines of ∼60% compared to untreated cells. Combination of formulated quercetin and everolimus leads to a synergistic cytotoxic effects with a Combination Index of 0.38. These results highlights the importance of synergistic effect of the hyaluronic acid nanohydrogel of quercetin with everolimus in the regulation of human breast cancer cell proliferation and emphasize the antitumor and anti‐inflammatory properties of the nanocarrier. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2063–2074, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Live Cell Imaging: Assessing the Phototoxicity of 488 and 546 nm Light and Methods to Alleviate it
Authors: Douthwright Stephen , Sluder Greenfield
Published: September 2016

In live cell imaging of fluorescent proteins, phototoxicity of the excitation light can be problematical. Cell death is obvious, but reduced cell viability can make the interpretation of observations error prone. We characterized the phototoxic consequences of 488 and 546 nm light on untransformed human cells and tested methods that have or could be used to alleviate photodamage. Unlabeled RPE1 cells were given single 0.5–2.5 min irradiations in early G1 from a mercury arc lamp on a fluorescence microscope. Four hundred eighty‐eight nanometer light produced a dose‐dependent decrease in the percentage of cells that progressed to mitosis, slowing of the cell cycle for some of those entering mitosis, and a ∼12% incidence of cell death for the highest dose. For 546 nm light we found a 10–15% reduction in the percentage of cells entering mitosis, no strong dose dependency, and a ∼2% incidence of cell death for the longest irradiations. For cells expressing GFP‐centrin1 or mCherry‐centrin1, fewer entered mitosis for each dose than unlabeled cells. For constant total dose 488 nm light irradiations of unlabeled cells, reducing the intensity 10‐fold or spreading the exposures out as a series of 10 sec pulses at 1 min intervals produced a minor and not consistent improvement in the percentage of cells entering mitosis. Reducing oxidative processes, by culturing at ∼3% oxygen or adding the reducing agent Trolox noticeably increased the fraction of cells entering mitosis. Thus, for long‐term imaging there can be value to using RFP constructs and for GFP‐tagged proteins reducing oxidative processes. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2461–2468, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tight Junction Protein Abundance and Apoptosis During Involution of Rat Mammary Glands
Authors: Phyn Claire V. C. , Stelwagen Kerst , Davis Stephen R. , McMahon Christopher D. , Dobson Joanne M. , Singh Kuljeet
Published: September 2016

To examine tight junction protein abundance and apoptosis of epithelial cells at the onset of involution in rodent mammary glands, milk accumulation and mammary engorgement were induced by teat‐sealing with an adhesive for 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 h (n = 6 per group) at peak lactation. In non‐sealed control glands, histological analysis confirmed a lactating phenotype, indicating suckling by pups throughout the experiment. In contrast, alveoli of teat‐sealed glands were distended within 6 h, with maximal luminal size observed by 12 h of non‐suckling. By 18 h following teat‐sealing, an involuting phenotype was observed, indicated by alveolar lumina engorged with milk vesicles and increased leukocytes. Relative to non‐sealed glands, mammary apoptosis was increased in engorged glands 18 h following teat‐sealing. The abundance of ZO‐1 and occludin proteins was decreased in engorged glands by 12 and 18 h, respectively, following teat‐sealing. In contrast, the claudin‐1 22 kDa band was increased by 6 h and peaked at 12–18 h, whereas the 28 kDa band declined by 36 h, relative to controls. There were no temporal changes in ZO‐1, occludin, and claudin‐1 22 kDa proteins within control glands, although there were minor differences in claudin‐1 28 kDa. These data indicate that intramammary milk accumulation due to cessation of milk removal is associated with mammary apoptosis. The apoptotic event is preceded by a rapid loss of abundance of ZO‐1, occludin and an initial increase in claudin‐1. The loss of cell–cell communication may initiate involution and apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells and is a localized intramammary event, occurring only in non‐suckled glands. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2075–2082, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inelastic hyperspectral lidar for profiling aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Zhao Guangyu , Ljungholm Mikael , Malmqvist Elin , Bianco Giuseppe , Hansson Lars‐Anders , Svanberg Sune , Brydegaard Mikkel
Published: September 2016

Monitoring the aquatic environment and the life of free‐floating organisms remains on the borderline of our technical capabilities. Therefore, our insights into aquatic habitats, such as, abundance and behavior of organisms are limited. In order to improve our understanding of aquatic life, we have developed a low‐cost inelastic hyperspectral lidar with unlimited focal depth and enough sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution to detect and resolve position and behavior of individual submillimeter organisms. In this work, we demonstrate elastic as well as molecular ranging by using the water Raman band, and by observing fluorescence from chlorophyll and from dye‐tagged organisms. We present an aquatic laser‐diode‐based inelastic light detection and ranging (lidar) system with unprecedented sensitivity, spatiotemporal resolution and number of spectral bands. Our system offers new opportunities for quantitative in situ studies of aquatic organisms, and has the potential to considerably advance our understanding of biological life in aquatic systems.

image
Evaluation of the in vivo effects of various laser, light, or ultrasound modalities on human skin treated with a collagen and polymethylmethacrylate microsphere dermal filler product
Authors: Wu Douglas C. , Karnik Jwala , Margarella Tara , Nguyen Vivien L. , Calame Antoanella , Goldman Mitchel P.
Published: September 2016

Background

Bellafill® is a soft tissue dermal filler composed of non‐resorbable polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microspheres, suspended in a water‐based carrier gel composed of 3.5% bovine collagen. It has been approved by the FDA for the correction of nasolabial folds and atrophic facial acne scars. Energy‐based therapies are used for facial rejuvenation and treatment of acne scarring. However, little has been published about the effects of energy devices on previously placed PMMA. This prospective, in vivo clinical study evaluated the safety and histopathological effects of a number of different laser, light, and ultrasound treatment modalities on PMMA‐collagen filler previously injected into human tissue.

Methods

Following a negative reaction to the bovine collagen skin test, the abdomen of one subject (with planned mini‐abdominoplasty) was divided into a grid with 32 treatment sections. Seventeen treatment areas received subdermal injections of PMMA‐collagen product (0.1–0.2 cc in each area). The subject was assessed for adverse events at each post‐treatment office visit. Eighty days post‐injection, 30 treatment sections were treated with laser, light, or ultrasound therapy (16 of the 17 PMMA‐collagen treated areas, with two of those areas receiving a combination of therapies, and an additional 14 areas receiving laser therapy alone). One PMMA‐collagen treated area was not exposed to any energy devices, and one remaining treatment area received no treatment of any kind, representing an internal control. Sixty days following energy device treatment, the tissue was excised in a planned mini‐abdominoplasty procedure and sent for histological examination.

Results

The subject experienced no adverse events during the study. No histological changes in PMMA microspheres were observed in any treatment area. An expected lymphohistiocytic response was identified in all areas where PMMA microspheres were present.

Conclusion

Laser, light, and ultrasound treatments can safely be administered following a PMMA‐collagen injection. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:811–819, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determinants for Effects of Celebrity Negative Information: When to Terminate a Relationship with a Celebrity Endorser in Trouble?
Authors: Um Nam‐Hyun , Kim Sojung
Published: September 2016

This study examines three factors that influence consumers’ brand evaluation and purchase intention under negative celebrity information. The study is designed to investigate the effects of consumers’ perceived associative strength between celebrity endorser and brand, the role of congruence between a celebrity endorser's negative information and his/her endorsed brand, and the effects of consumers’ level of brand commitment. The study's findings suggest that congruence or “fit” between a celebrity endorser's negative information and an endorsed brand moderates a consumers’ evaluation of brand and purchase intentions. The study finds that a strong associative link between the brand and the celebrity endorser leads to lower brand evaluation as well as lower purchase intention. It also finds that consumers with a higher level of brand commitment are less likely to react negatively to a celebrity's bad publicity than are consumers with a lower level of brand commitment. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
(−)‐Epicatechin induces physiological cardiac growth by activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in mice
Authors: De los Santos Sergio , García‐Pérez Viridiana , Hernández‐Reséndiz Sauri , Palma‐Flores Carlos , González‐Gutiérrez Carlos J. , Zazueta Cecilia , Canto Patricia , Coral‐Vázquez Ramón M.
Published: September 2016

Scope

The flavanol (−)‐epicatechin (Epi) has cardioprotective effects and improves physical capacity in normal mice. In addition, Epi increases nitric oxide (NO) production by activation of both PI3K/Akt or Ca2+/CaMI/CaMKII (where Akt is protein kinase B; PI3K is phosphoinositide 3‐kinase; CaMI is calmodulin; CaMKII is Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II) signaling pathways, which have been associated with physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy, respectively. Notwithstanding all this information, few studies have been carried out that aimed to determine the potential beneficial effects that Epi may have in normal heart.

Methods and results

Mice were treated by oral gavage with the flavanol Epi. The treatment induced a significant increase in heart weight, size of the free walls, and size of the cardiac fibers. Also, no evidence of cardiac fibrosis was revealed. Furthermore, the phosphorylation level of PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K (where mTOR is mammalian target of rapamycin; p70S6K is ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta‐1) proteins was significantly higher in the heart of Epi‐treated animals. In contrast, a significantly decreased level of pathological cardiac hypertrophy markers atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide was observed along with no modification in the level of β myosin heavy chain beta, calmodulin, and Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II proteins. Hemodynamic parameters indicated an improvement in mechanical heart performance after Epi treatment. Interestingly, morphometric parameters were similar between treated and untreated mice after 4 wk without treatment.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that Epi treatment induced physiological cardiac growth in healthy mice by activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Quantitative deviating effects of maple syrup extract supplementation on the hepatic gene expression of mice fed a high‐fat diet
Authors: Kamei Asuka , Watanabe Yuki , Shinozaki Fumika , Yasuoka Akihito , Shimada Kousuke , Kondo Kaori , Ishijima Tomoko , Toyoda Tsudoi , Arai Soichi , Kondo Takashi , Abe Keiko
Published: September 2016

Scope

Maple syrup contains various polyphenols and we investigated the effects of a polyphenol‐rich maple syrup extract (MSXH) on the physiology of mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD).

Methods and results

The mice fed a low‐fat diet (LFD), an HFD, or an HFD supplemented with 0.02% (002MSXH) or 0.05% MSXH (005MSXH) for 4 weeks. Global gene expression analysis of the liver was performed, and the differentially expressed genes were classified into three expression patterns; pattern A (LFD < HFD > 002MSXH = 005MSXH, LFD > HFD < 002MSXH = 005MSXH), pattern B (LFD < HFD = 002MSXH > 005MSXH, LFD > HFD = 002MSXH < 005MSXH), and pattern C (LFD < HFD > 002MSXH < 005MSXH, LFD > HFD < 002MSXH > 005MSXH). Pattern A was enriched in glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, and folate metabolism. Pattern B was enriched in tricarboxylic acid cycle while pattern C was enriched in gluconeogenesis, cholesterol metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and endoplasmic reticulum stress‐related event.

Conclusion

Our study suggested that the effects of MSXH ingestion showed (i) dose‐dependent pattern involved in energy metabolisms and (ii) reversely pattern involved in stress responses.
Detection of glucose in the human brain with 1HMRS at 7 Tesla
Authors: Kaiser Lana G. , Hirokazu Kawaguchi , Fukunaga Masaki , B.Matson Gerald
Published: September 2016

Purpose

A new method is proposed for noninvasive detection of glucose in vivo using proton MR spectroscopy at 7 Tesla.

Theory and Methods

The proposed method utilizes J‐difference editing to uncover the resonance of beta‐glucose (β‐glc) at 3.23 ppm, which is strongly overlapped with choline. Calculations using the density matrix formalism are used to maximize the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the β‐glc resonance at 3.23 ppm. The calculations are verified using phantom and in vivo data collected at 7 Tesla.

Results

The proposed method allows observation of the glucose signal at 3.23 ppm in the human brain spectrum. Additional co‐edited resonances of N‐acetylaspartylglutamatate and glutathione are also detected in the same experiment.

Conclusion

The proposed method does not require carbon (13C)‐ labeled glucose injections and 13C hardware; as such, it has a potential to provide valuable information on intrinsic glucose concentration in the human brain in vivo. Magn Reson Med 76:1653–1660, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Global and local sensitivity analyses for coupled thermo–hydro–mechanical problems
Authors: Nguyen‐Tuan Long , Lahmer Tom , Datcheva Maria , Schanz Tom
Published: September 2016

This paper focuses on the sensitivity analysis for coupled thermo–hydro–mechanical problems employing both local and global sensitivity methods. A derivative‐based method is used in the local sensitivity approach, whereas the random balance designs method is used for the global sensitivity analysis. The main goal is to investigate the effect of uncertainties in the constitutive parameters on the results from nonlinear coupled thermo–hydro–mechanical analyses of unsaturated soil behavior whose modeling generally involves large sets of constitutive relations. Knowing the parameter sensitivity allows to qualitatively assess the validity of the results obtained by computational simulations of high‐risk situations, for example, emerging nuclear waste repositories. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Going straight to the source: A pilot study of bereaved parent‐facilitated communication training for pediatric subspecialty fellows
Authors: Snaman Jennifer M. , Kaye Erica C. , Cunningham Melody J. , Sykes April , Levine Deena R. , Mahoney Daniel , Baker Justin N.
Published: September 2016

Background

Medical trainees consistently report suboptimal instruction and poor self‐confidence in communication skills. Despite this deficit, few established training programs provide comprehensive, pediatric‐specific communication education, particularly in the provision of “bad news.” To our knowledge, no programs currently use bereaved parent educators to facilitate communication training for pediatric subspecialty trainees.

Procedure

The authors designed and implemented a pilot communication training seminar in which bereaved parent educators and faculty facilitators led small groups in interactive, role‐play scenarios. Surveys incorporating a retrospective preprogram assessment item to account for response‐shift bias were used to assess short‐ and long‐term changes in trainee comfort with delivering “bad news.”

Results

Fifteen pediatric fellowship trainees participated in the communication seminar; complete data were available for 12 participants. After accounting for response‐shift bias, participants reported significant improvement in overall preparedness, breaking bad news to a patient and family, and including the adolescent or young adult patient in conversations. Additionally, participants reported a significant improvement in their ability to address a patient and family's need for information, emotional suffering at the end of life (EOL), if and when a patient should be included in the conversation, and EOL care decisions. The participant's self‐perceived improvement in comfort and preparedness persisted over time.

Conclusions

Communication training for pediatric subspecialty trainees using bereaved parent educators is feasible and effective. Both medical trainee and bereaved parent participants benefited from involvement in this pilot study. Further iterations of this training will be modified to assess objective measures of improvement in trainees’ communication skills.
High diastereoselectivity induced by intermolecular hydrogen bonding in [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction: experimental and computational mechanistic approaches
Authors: Yıldırım Ayhan , Kaya Yunus
Published: September 2016

A diastereoselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition of N‐aryl substituted maleimides with N,α‐diphenyl nitrone possessing 11‐hydroxyundecyloxy as a flexible substituent was performed. Experimental and comprehensive mechanistic density functional theory studies reveals that intermolecular H‐bonding and steric repulsive interaction predominate exo‐Z and exo‐E cycloaddition transition states, respectively. The reaction proceeded smoothly depending on the reactants and gave a good yield of (syn) cis‐isoxazolidine or (anti) trans‐isoxazolidine as a single diastereomer.
Effects of interaction between the chelate rings and π‐conjugated systems in fused salphen complexes on UV‐Vis‐NIR spectra
Authors: Houjou Hirohiko , Yagi Keisuke , Yoshikawa Isao , Mutai Toshiki , Araki Koji
Published: September 2016

Dinuclear (Zn2, Ni2, and NiZn) complexes of fused salphen with acene‐type annelation were synthesized from 3,7‐diformyl‐2,6‐dihydroxynaphthalene. The spectroscopic properties of these complexes were compared with those of their constitutional isomers with phene‐type annelation. The acene‐type complexes exhibited a characteristic absorption band in the near‐infrared region that showed a noticeable solvent effect. Time‐dependent density functional theory calculations suggested that the absorption arose from a π → π* transition localized at the naphthalene ring, which was perturbed by the adjoining chelate rings. Effects of the connection topology in the fused salphen complexes are discussed by comparison with those of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Plasma based CO2 and CH4 conversion: A modeling perspective
Authors: Bogaerts Annemie , De Bie Christophe , Snoeckx Ramses , Kozák Tomas
Published: September 2016

This paper gives an overview of our plasma chemistry modeling for CO2 and CH4 conversion in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and microwave (MW) plasma. We focus on pure CO2 splitting and pure CH4 reforming, as well as mixtures of CO2/CH4, CH4/O2, and CO2/H2O. We show calculation results for the conversion, energy efficiency, and product formation, in comparison with experiments where possible. We also present the underlying chemical reaction pathways, to explain the observed trends. For pure CO2, a comparison is made between a DBD and MW plasma, illustrating that the higher energy efficiency of the latter is attributed to the more important role of the vibrational levels.
Oral delivery of dsRNA lipoplexes to German cockroach protects dsRNA from degradation and induces RNAi response
Authors: Lin Yu‐Hsien , Huang Jia‐Hsin , Liu Yun , Belles Xavier , Lee How‐Jing
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND

In the past years, the concept of RNAi application for insect pest control has been proposed, considering the disruption of vital genes. However, the efficiency of RNAi is variable between different insect groups, especially by oral delivery of dsRNA. The purpose of this study is to assess the possibilities of RNAi as a tool for pest control using oral delivery of the dsRNAs encapsulated by liposome in the German cockroach Blattella germanica, which is highly sensitive to RNAi by injection of dsRNAs.

RESULTS

Injecting dsRNA into the abdomen of B. germanica caused dramatic depletion of essential α‐tubulin gene and mortality. In contrast, oral delivery of the naked dsRNA resulted in lower RNAi efficiency, accounting for rapid degradation of the dsRNA in the midgut of B. germanica. Notably, we have further demonstrated that continuous ingestion of dsRNA lipoplexes in which dsRNA was encapsulated with a cationic liposome carrier was sufficient to slow down the degradation of dsRNA in the midgut and to increase the mortality of the German cockroach by significantly inhibiting α‐tubulin expression in the midgut.

CONCLUSION

We provide empirical evidence that the formulation of dsRNA lipoplexes could be a plausible approach for insect pest control based on RNAi. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluating a filtering and recirculating system to reduce dust drift in simulated sowing of dressed seed and abraded dust particle characteristics
Authors: Biocca Marcello , Pochi Daniele , Fanigliulo Roberto , Gallo Pietro , Pulcini Patrizio , Marcovecchio Francesca , Perrino Cinzia
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND

The pneumatic precision drills used in maize sowing can release dust owing to abrasion of dressed seed; the drift of dust containing insecticide active ingredients is harmful to honey bees. Therefore, we developed a device for drills that uses partial recirculation and filtration of the air by means of an antipollen and an electrostatic filter.

RESULTS

Tests were carried out by simulating the sowing of seed treated with imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin and fipronil. Dust released by the drill in different configurations was analysed to assess its mass and active ingredient concentration, size distribution and particle number concentration. In general, particles with a diameter smaller than 2.5 and 10 µm represent about 40 and 75% of the total dust mass respectively. The finest size fraction (<1 µm) contains a higher content of active ingredient. The prototype equipped with both antipollen and electrostatic filters always showed a reduction in dust emission greater than 90% in terms of both total mass and active ingredient amount, with a greater efficiency in the reduction in particles below 4 µm.

CONCLUSION

This study presents an engineering solution addressing dust losses during sowing, contributes to the description of abrasion dust fractions and provides suggestions for further development of the prototype. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry