bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of community development initiatives for poverty reduction in Southern Africa
Authors: Tjale Malose Moses , Muchaku Shadreck , Magaiza Grey , Sharma Durga Dass , Sharma Gopal Krishan , Negi Yashwant Singh , Mwale Marizvikuru
Published: August 2024

There is a growing global recognition that community development has the potential to enhance the socio-economic status of resource-constrained rural communities. Many countries have established commu­nity development initiatives in rural areas to reduce pov­erty and improve social investment. However, numer­ous challenges hinder the implementation of community development initiatives that contribute to poverty re­duction in most of Southern Africa. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 1, mandates all countries to end all forms of pov­erty by the year 2030. One approach to achieving this goal is to devise and implement sustainable community development initiatives. This review paper presents some best practices for how community development in­itiatives could reduce poverty in Southern Africa. The lit­erature collected from government reports, accredited journal articles, and other credible scientific writings from 2000 to 2022 was reviewed to triangulate sources of information and understand the state of community de­velopment initiatives. Several challenges were found to impede progress in poverty reduction and negatively impact sustainable community development. The effec­tiveness and sustainability of poverty reduction strate­gies implemented by countries in Southern Africa vary widely from country to country and within the country itself. The study provides recommendations and best practice models implemented within rural communities in Southern Africa.
Resultado equitativo conforme a derecho: el caso sobre delimitación territorial y marítima entre Nicaragua y Colombia ante la Corte Internacional de Justicia
Authors: Duclos Parodi Paul
Published: August 2024

La controversia territorial y marítima entre Nicaragua y Colombia constituye uno de los casos más largos en la historia de la Corte Internacional de Justicia (CIJ), cuya sentencia se produjo casi 11 años después de la presentación de la solicitud o demanda de Nicaragua de 6 de diciembre de 2001. Se trató de un caso complejo de delimitación marítima y determinación de soberanía insular, por la naturaleza de la geografía y por la variedad de los elementos jurídicos contemplados, cuya sentencia unánime, aunque cuestionada por Colombia, involucró un ejercicio de aplicación de técnicas innovadoras que pudieran responder a las características propias del caso pero sin apartarse en ningún momento del derecho internacional.
Experimental Study of Alfvén Wave Reflection from an Alfvén-speed Gradient Relevant to the Solar Coronal Holes
Authors: Bose Sayak , TenBarge Jason M. , Carter Troy , Hahn Michael , Ji Hantao , Juno James , Savin Daniel Wolf , Tripathi Shreekrishna , Vincena Stephen
Published: August 2024

We report the first experimental detection of a reflected Alfvén wave from an Alfvén-speed gradient under conditions similar to those in coronal holes. The experiments were conducted in the Large Plasma Device at the University of California, Los Angeles. We present the experimentally measured dependence of the coefficient of reflection versus the wave inhomogeneity parameter, i.e., the ratio of the wavelength of the incident wave to the length scale of the gradient. Two-fluid simulations using the Gkeyll code qualitatively agree with and support the experimental findings. Our experimental results support models of wave heating that rely on wave reflection at low heights from a smooth Alfvén-speed gradient to drive turbulence.
CHAOS. VIII. Far-ultraviolet Spectra of M101 and the Impact of Wolf–Rayet Stars*
Authors: Berg Danielle A. , Skillman Evan D. , Chisholm John , Pogge Richard W. , Gazagnes Simon , Rogers Noah S. J. , Erb Dawn K. , Arellano-Córdova Karla Z. , Leitherer Claus , Appel Jackie , Moustakas John
Published: August 2024

We investigate the stellar and nebular properties of nine H ii regions in the spiral galaxy M101 with far-ultraviolet (FUV; ∼900–2000 Å) and optical (∼3200–10,000 Å) spectra. We detect significant C iii] λλ1907,1909 nebular emission in seven regions, but O iii] λ1666 only in the lowest-metallicity region. We produce new analytic functions of the carbon ionization correction factors as a function of metallicity in order to perform a preliminary C/O abundance analysis. The FUV spectra also contain numerous stellar emission and P-Cygni features that we fit with luminosity-weighted combinations of single-burst Starburst99 and BPASS models. We find that the best-fit Starburst99 models closely match the observed very-high-ionization P-Cygni features, requiring very hot, young (≲3 Myr), metal-enriched massive stars. The youngest stellar populations are strongly correlated with broad He ii emission, nitrogen Wolf–Rayet (WR) FUV and optical spectral features, and enhanced N/O gas abundances. Thus, the short-lived WR phase may be driving excess emission in several N P-Cygni wind features (λ955, λ991, λ1720) that bias the stellar continuum fits to higher metallicities relative to the gas-phase metallicities. Accurate characterization of these H ii regions requires additional inclusion of WR stars in the stellar population synthesis models. Our FUV spectra demonstrate that the ∼900–1200 Å FUV can provide a strong test bed for future WR atmosphere and evolution models.
Interplanetary Type IV Solar Radio Bursts: A Comprehensive Catalog and Statistical Results
Authors: Mohan Atul , Gopalswamy Nat , Kumari Anshu , Akiyama Sachiko , G Sindhuja
Published: August 2024

Decameter hectometric (DH; 1–14 MHz) type IV radio bursts are produced by flare-accelerated electrons trapped in postflare loops or the moving magnetic structures associated with the coronal mass ejections (CMEs). From a space weather perspective, it is important to systematically compile these bursts, explore their spectrotemporal characteristics, and study the associated CMEs. We present a comprehensive catalog of DH type IV bursts observed by the Radio and Plasma Wave Investigation instruments on board the Wind and Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory spacecraft covering the period of white-light CME observations by the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory mission between 1996 November and 2023 May. The catalog has 139 bursts, of which 73% are associated with a fast (>900 km s−1) and wide (>60°) CME, with a mean CME speed of 1301 km s−1. All DH type IV bursts are white-light CME-associated, with 78% of the events associated with halo CMEs. The CME source latitudes are within ±45°. Seventy-seven events had multiple-vantage-point observations from different spacecraft, letting us explore the impact of the line of sight on the dynamic spectra. For 48 of the 77 events, there were good data from at least two spacecraft. We find that, unless occulted by nearby plasma structures, a type IV burst is best viewed when observed within a ±60° line of sight. Also, bursts with a duration above 120 minutes have source longitudes within ±60°. Our inferences confirm the inherent directivity in the type IV emission. Additionally, the catalog forms a Sun-as-a-star DH type IV burst database.
Light-curve Recovery with Rubin-LSST. II. Unveiling the Darkness of the Galactic Bulge (VESTALE) with RR Lyrae
Authors: Di Criscienzo M. , Leccia S. , Braga V. , Musella I. , Bono G. , Dall’Ora M. , Fiorentino G. , Marconi M. , Molinaro R. , Ripepi V. , Girardi L. , Mazzi A. , Pastorelli G. , Trabucchi M. , Matsunaga N. , Monelli M. , Saha A. , Vivas K. A. , Zanmar Sanchez R.
Published: August 2024

This work is part of VESTALE, a project initiated within the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) Cadence Strategy Optimization Process. Its goal is to explore the potential of Rubin-LSST observations aimed at the Galactic bulge (henceforth just “Bulge”) for studying RR Lyrae (RRL) stars. Observation and analysis of RRL stars in the Bulge are crucial for tracing the old population of the central part of our Galaxy and reconstructing its formation. Based on observations conducted with CTIO/DECam by Saha et al. toward Baade’s window, our simulations demonstrate that early Rubin-LSST observations will enable the recovery of RRL light curves (LCs) at Galactic center distances with sufficient precision. This will allow us to utilize theoretical relations from Marconi et al. to determine their distances and/or metallicity, following the REDIME algorithm introduced in Bono et al. We show how reddening and crowding affect our simulations and highlight the importance of considering these effects when deriving pulsation parameters (luminosity amplitudes, mean magnitudes) based on the LCs, especially if the goal is to explore the opposite side of the Bulge through the observation of its RRL. The simulations discussed in this investigation were conducted to support the Survey Cadence Optimization Committee’s decision to observe this important sky region since it has only recently been decided to include part of the Bulge as a target within the LSST main survey.
The Solar Magnetic Hump, Heliopause, and the Very Local Interstellar Medium
Authors: Burlaga L. F. , Park J. , Berdichevsky D. B. , Jian L. K. , Szabo A.
Published: August 2024

The magnetic hump was observed from 2020.4 to ∼2022 by Burlaga et al. who offered the hypothesis that it originated at the Sun during the declining phase of the solar cycle. Voyager 1 observed intermittency of 1 hr increments of the magnetic field from 2013 through 2019, as well as in the magnetic hump that began at the jump pf2 at 2020.4 and ended at ∼2022. Throughout this interval, the intermittency in the components of
B
and the magnitude B was described by the Tsallis distribution (q-Gaussian distribution). The q-Gaussian distributions have been observed throughout the solar wind and heliosheath. However, there was little or no intermittency in the 1 hr increments of the magnetic field observed by Voyager 1 from ∼2022.0 through day 270, 2023. During this interval Voyager 1 observed intermittency with a Gaussian distribution, which is associated with Boltzmann–Gibbs statistics. The boundary between these two regions, at ∼2022.0, coincides with the heliopause predicted by Fisk & Gloeckler. Alternatively, the Voyager 1 observations might be a solar cycle effect.
The Negative Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Shift in the Lyα Forest from Cosmological Simulations
Authors: Sinigaglia Francesco , Kitaura Francisco-Shu , Nagamine Kentaro , Oku Yuri
Published: August 2024

We present the first measurement of the Lyα forest baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) shift parameter from cosmological simulations. In particular, we generate a suite of 1000 accurate effective field-level bias-based Lyα forest simulations of volume

V
=

(
1

h

−
1

Gpc
)

3

at z = 2, both in real and redshift space, calibrated upon two fixed-and-paired cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. To measure the BAO, we stack the 3D power spectra of the 1000 different realizations, compute the average, and use a model accounting for a proper smooth-peak component decomposition of the power spectrum, to fit it via an efficient Markov Chain Monte Carlo scheme estimating the covariance matrices directly from the simulations. We report the BAO shift parameters to be

α
=

0.9969

−
0.0014

+
0.0014

and

α
=

0.9905

−
0.0027

+
0.0027

in real and redshift space, respectively. We also measure the bias b
lya and the BAO broadening parameter Σnl, finding

b

lya

=
−

0.1786

−
0.0001

+
0.0001

and

Σ

nl

=

3.87

−
0.20

+
0.20

in real space, and

b

lya

=
−

0.073

−
0.004

+
0.005

and

Σ

nl

=

6.55

−
0.22

+
0.23

in redshift space. Moreover, we measure the linear Kaiser factor

β

lya

=

1.39

−
0.18

+
0.24

from the isotropic redshift space fit. Overall, we find evidence for a negative shift of the BAO peak at the ∼2.2σ and ∼3.5σ levels in real and redshift space, respectively. This work sets new important theoretical constraints on the Lyα forest BAO scale and offers a potential solution to the tension emerging from previous observational analysis, in light of ongoing and upcoming Lyα forest spectroscopic surveys, such as DESI, the Prime Focus Spectrograph Survey, and WEAVE-QSO.
Multicolor Photometry of the Be/X-Ray Pulsar IGR J06074+2205
Authors: Schmidtke Paul , Hunter Tim , Cowley Anne
Published: August 2024

B, V, and R observations of the Be/X-ray pulsar IGR J06074+2205 were taken in 2023–2024 covering times of expected X-ray outbursts. However, no coinciding optical outbursts were found. The overall optical brightness of the system faded in all 3 filters, with the least decline being in B and the greatest in R. This suggests that a cool disk was contributing less light to the system.
New species and new records of Laccaria (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Northern Thailand
Authors: Tang Song-Ming , Vadthanarat Santhiti , Raghoonundon Bhavesh , Luo Zong-Long , Zhu Xin-Yu , Yu Feng-Ming , He Jun , Li Shu-Hong
Published: August 2024

Two new species Laccaria pseudoalba and L. subroseoalbescens are described and illustrated, based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Two new records, Laccaria umbilicata and L. yunnanensis from Thailand, are also reported. Laccaria subroseoalbescens is characterized by small basidiomata, stipe equal with an enlarged base, and nearly subclavate, pale pink to light orange. Laccaria pseudoalba is characterized by pale orange to orange white pileus, has umbo when young on the pileus, and fistulose stipe of the pale to pastel red color. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequence data from rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA (ITS), nuc 28S rDNA (28S), RNA polymerase II subunit 2 (rpb2), and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α) are provided as further evidence. Molecular analysis confirms the phylogenetic positions of the two new species and two new records. The differences in characteristics of these two new species and closely related species are discussed herein.
Paremiology between tradition and innovation
Authors: Babič Saša , Jakop Nataša , Mrvič Rok , Bakarić Nikola , Erjavec Tomaž , Huzjan Vanja , Ivančič Kutin Barbara , Kropej Telban Monika , Lauhakangas Outi , Meterc Matej , Nikolić Davor , Podjed Dan , Pretnar Žagar Ajda , Šrimpf Vendramin Katarina
Published: August 2024

The central topic of the monograph Paremiology between Tradition and Innovation is proverbs, which today belong to the field of paremiology. The monograph discusses proverbs from the perspective of folklore, linguistics, ethnolinguistics, semiotics, anthropology and digitization methods. For all these fields, it is the digital humanities that enable researchers to apply new, radically different research methods and, just as importantly, provide electronic collections with advanced search capabilities. Such collections need to be carefully structured to realise their full potential. These are all challenges that the 13 authors of this monograph address in four sections: 1. Digitization of paremiological units, 2. Folklore cross-genres, 3. Ethnolinguistic analysis of paremiological units, 4. Contemporary use of paremiological units and digital resources.
E-Commerce Live Streaming Danmaku Classification Through LDA-Enhanced BERT-TextCNN Model
Authors: Shen Qing , Wen Yi han , Comite Ubaldo
Published: August 2024

With the increasing popularity of e-commerce live streaming, comprehensive analysis of live barrage text has become increasingly crucial. This study presents a thematic analysis method for categorizing e-commerce live streaming barrage text using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling, combined with the advantages of the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and TextCNN models. The LDA algorithm is initially used to extract topics from the barrage text, and then a dataset comprising six designated categories is assembled. Subsequently, a BERT-TextCNN hybrid model is trained, merging BERT's profound semantic comprehension with TextCNN's ability to extract local features. Empirical evidence shows that the proposed model notably improves classification accuracy and efficiency, providing valuable theoretical and practical insights for crafting strategies and optimizing user experience on e-commerce live streaming platforms.
Broad Perspective of Smart Home Technology in 2024
Authors: Schulz Joseph M. , Scilla Jack S.
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a thorough introduction to the rapidly evolving field of smart home technology, highlighting the transition of homes from traditional living spaces to dynamic, interconnected environments. As the world delves deeper into the digital age, smart home technology stands at the forefront of this transformation, offering unprecedented convenience, security, and energy efficiency. Through a comprehensive exploration, the authors discuss the benefits and challenges of smart home integration. The research design, which forms the foundation of this study, includes a comparative analysis of hub-based and hub-free systems, evaluating their respective advantages and disadvantages through systematic examination. The authors also explore emerging trends and innovations in smart homes, such as the integration of healthcare monitoring, energy management in smart grids, and the application of augmented and virtual reality, underlining the potential of artificial intelligence in enhancing smart home capabilities.
The Role of Latent Information
Authors: Wang Siquan , Lin Boqiang
Published: August 2024

The pressure of climate change and policy guidance has attracted plenty of enterprises to expand their renewable energy business, presenting an opportunity to investigate whether latent information can contribute to improved performance in their transformation. This context also offers a broader application scenario for studying information management theory. Therefore, this paper explores the above topic using business data from listed Chinese renewable energy companies between 2003 and 2021, focusing on three aspects of latent information related to diversification. The findings reveal that: 1) Market power information plays a fundamental role in explaining the performance enhancement from renewable energy business expansion, and non-dedicated resource information is a significant factor for understanding the enhancement, whereas agency problems have no significant effect. 2) The latent information exhibits notable heterogeneity concerning the expansion of renewable energy business among enterprises with different transformation backgrounds.
MENSURAÇÃO DA EFICIÊNCIA GERENCIAL DE PARQUES TECNOLÓGICOS BRASILEIROS E SEUS FATORES INFLUENCIADORES
Authors: Bach Tatiana Marceda , Vieira da Silva Wesley , Peixe Adriana Maria Miguel , Del Corso Jansen Maia
Published: August 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar a eficiência gerencial de parques tecnológicos brasileiros e verificar os fatores que a influenciam. Este estudo de natureza quantitativa-descritiva utilizou dados secundários para mensurar a eficiência gerencial de parques tecnológicos brasileiros. Por meio de pesquisa documental, foram criados indicadores que compõe os inputs e outputs da eficiência gerencial de 34 parques tecnológicos brasileiros. Outras variáveis que compõe o modelo testado, foram obtidas em sites do Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia e órgãos de apoio ao governo federal brasileiro. Os parques tecnológicos brasileiros, apresentam equivalência na eficiência gerencial com eficiência ao nível 1 para metade dos parques analisados. Tal constatação indica que existe certa convergência em termos de sua capacidade de gerar projetos, ter entidades localizadas em sua estrutura física e de atuarem em parcerias e incubarem empresas. Os resultados indicam que as regiões mais significativas foram as regiões Sul, Norte e Nordeste. Encontrou-se evidências de efeito positivo do número de startups e investimentos do governo na área de ciência e tecnologia na eficiência gerencial dos parques tecnológicos. Conclui-se que o governo brasileiro continue a  criar estratégias para manter os investimentos em parques tecnológicos das regiões Norte, Nordeste, Sul e Sudeste, considerando o índice de eficiência gerado pelos parques vinculados a estas regiões, sobretudo que crie iniciativas para apoiar a criação de startups e mais investimentos em ciência e tecnologia. Assim, as políticas públicas empregadas pelo governo brasileiro refletem a eficiência dos parques tecnológicos para a região de atuação.
Wasp sting-induced rhabdomyolysis and acute liver injury in a young, healthy patient: An uncommon case.
Authors: Selvaratnam Karthiga , Seelarathna Mihiri , Thedchanamoorthy Sundaresan
Published: August 2024

Wasp stings represent a significant environmental hazard in Sri Lanka. While the majority of individuals experience only localized symptoms, a subset may exhibit allergic reactions of varying severity. In rare instances, these reactions can escalate to life-threatening complications. Rhabdomyolysis, a severe consequence of muscle injury induced by wasp venom, necessitates early diagnosis and prompt intervention to mitigate potential fatalities. We present the case of a 32-year-old male with no prior health issues who was admitted following multiple wasp stings. On the second day of admission, he developed rhabdomyolysis and hepatic injury. With appropriate fluid management, the patient made a full recovery. This case underscores the importance of timely intervention in managing the severe complications of wasp stings.
A rare case of pulmonary embolism in a postpartum mother with MTHFR heterotrophic allele
Authors: Ranatunga R. M. D. B. , Gunawardena E. , Mathanayanan G. , Maduranga T. , Lanerolle S.
Published: August 2024

No abstract available
System Identification of a Hovering Quadrotor Biplane Tailsitter with Canted Motors
Authors:   US Naval Academy, Juhasz Ondrej ,   DEVCOM ARL, Reddinger Jean-Paul
Published: August 2024

A quadrotor was modified by adding wings to the frame to directly compare the flight dynamics characteristics as well as the stability and control derivatives of the quadrotor and its biplane tailsitter variant. The on axis response of the quadrotor and a biplane tailsitter variant were measured through flight test and frequency domain system identification was used for non-parametric and parametric model identification. Identification of the full vehicle dynamics demonstrated that also identifying the motor torque and back-EMF constants from no-load measurements and the remaining motor parameters from a rotor-motor test stand provided the most accurate identified full vehicle model. The motor dynamics were shown to add a pole to the thrust-based responses (roll, pitch, and heave), while the torque based response (yaw) included a pole and a zero. This approach was then used to identify and compare the quadrotor dynamics, tailsitter dynamics, and the total impact of canting the motors. It was found that the presence of the wing added pitch damping to the dynamics and pitch stability became negative. The yaw axis saw an increase in yaw damping derivative, and a reduction in the yaw control derivative to the point where it became difficult to control the aircraft. By introducing cant, both the quadrotor and tailsitter saw large increases in the yaw control derivative. Further, the rotor thrust based moment generation due to cant resulted in the yaw response zero being canceled by the motor dynamics, resulting in a purely first order yaw response. Neither the wing nor cant produced any change in the lateral and heave axes.
An Offline Path Planner for Full Scale Helicopters
Authors:   National Research Council, Jayasiri Awantha , Gubbels Arthur , Gowanlock Derek , Ellis Kris , Alexander Marc , Jennings Sion
Published: August 2024

In this paper, an offline path planning module, which is capable of generating dynamically feasible 3D trajectories for a class of Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) vehicles is presented. Input to the module is a flight plan defined by a set of way-points and its output is twofold: first, it produces an improved flight plan introducing additional waypoints and speed changes based on the heuristics and dynamical constraints of the vehicle. This new plan facilitates the pilot by providing information on specific locations and changes of the original flight path. Second, it generates a set of reference points, which can be used as the initial set of inputs for an online reactive trajectory optimization algorithm. The proposed development is capable of processing both climbs and descents as well as both fly-by and flyover waypoints, and speed changes in between those way-points. The module was also designed to capture the pilot's perspective of an abstract way-point mission. NRC has implemented a nominal Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) based online planner using the reference trajectories generated by the proposed offline planning module successfully. The generated improved mission was implemented on a simulator having Bell 412 flight dynamics and promising results were obtained.
A Data-Driven Approach to Onboard Aerodynamic Sensing and Estimation for Tailsitter UAVs
Authors:   University of Michigan, Yeo Derrick ,   US Army Research Lab, Gerdes John , Shrestha Elena , Reddinger Jean-Paul , Floros Matthew
Published: August 2024

Tailsitter configurations that operate in both fixed and rotary wing flight modes are typically capable of generating large control forces and moments, making them inherently capable of rapid transitions and aggressive maneuvers. However, harnessing these capabilities requires feedback control strategies that can effectively estimate the non-linear aerodynamics loads involved to successfully exploit them. This paper describes initial steps in combining an onboard flow sensing strategy with a data-driven approach to estimating inflight air loads. A neural network is trained to use measurements from a multi-hole probe to predict the output from a set of pressure sensors embedded in a wing section undergoing a series of pitch motions in a wind tunnel. We hypothesize that this limited context of emulating a sensor network represents a focused and compartmentalized approach to applying emerging data-driven techniques to challenging aeronautical problems. We compare estimation results from a set of neural networks with varying input configurations to assess the feasibility of our approach and the significance of different sensing modalities on overall performance. Current results show that a gated recurrent network (GRU) trained with unsteady pressure measurements was able to predict the chordwise pressure distribution on a pitching NACA 2412 airfoil using probe measurements, reproducing the transient and non-linear effects observed in our dataset.
Stem Cell Protein PIWIL2 Promotes EMT Process and Stem Cell-Like Properties in MCF7 Breast Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Golmohammadi Maryam , Motahari Rad Hanieh , Soleimanpour-Lichaei Samereh , Olya Mohammad Emad , Soleimanpour-Lichaei Hamid Reza
Published: August 2024

Background:

Piwi-like RNA-mediated gene silencing 2 (PIWIL2) is a member of AGO/PIWI gene family, which is enriched in cancer stem cells (CSCs). The purpose of this research was to investigate the overexpression of PIWIL2 and its role in the induction of EMT and CSC properties in MCF7 breast cancer cell line.

Materials and Methods:

MCF7 cells were transfected with the human gene PIWIL2 (Hili) under the control of CMV promoter utilizing the neon electroporation method. Subsequently, the selection was conducted using G418, and doubling time was calculated in the transformed and control cells. RT and real-time PCR were also performed to analyze the expression of epithelial and mesenchymal genes and those related to CSCs.

Results:

According to the observations from this study, transfecting MCF7 cells with PIWIL2 triggered the conversion of epithelial cells to mesenchymal cells and induced the genes specific for breast CSCs, which was coincident with 9-h reduction in the doubling time of the transfected cells. Furthermore, the molecular analyses revealed a significant reduction in the expression of epithelial markers, while a significant increase was detected in the expression of mesenchymal genes and many CSC biomarkers.

Conclusion:

PIWIL2 protein acts as a master regulatory protein that is able to manipulate the transcription through specific signaling pathways, which allow the cells to gain stem cell-like properties.
The Impact of Psychosomatic Factors on Treatment Adherence of Acute Myocardial Infarction Survivors; A Two-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Roohafza Hamidreza , Shojaei Yasaman , Azizian Sana , Zamani Zeinab , Shafiei Mohammadreza , Masoumi Gholamreza , Sadeghi Masoumeh
Published: August 2024

Backgroud:

Because of the important role of adhering to treatment to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality, studying the factors affecting treatment adherence (TA) is warranted. This study aimed to identify the impact of psychosomatic factors on adhering to treatment among patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Materials and Methods:

This is a cohort study as a part of the Isfahan ST-segment-elevated Myocardial Infarction Cohort Study. Psychosomatic factors such as health anxiety, illness denial, irritable mood, and demoralization were assessed among 867 patients at the first visit. The patients were followed for 2 years; TA and major adverse cardiovascular events were checked annually in survivors.

Results:

The results from binary logistic regression applied to find the association between TA and psychosomatic factors showed that the patients with health anxiety, irritable mood, and demoralization were significantly poor adherent to treatment (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.39 [1.02, 2.73], 1.51 [1.02, 2.37], and 1.66 [1.02, 2.91]), respectively. The associations remained the same when adjusted for various potential confounders.

Conclusions:

Psychosomatic factors played an essential role in adhering to treatment among patients with acute myocardial infarction. As a result, appropriate psychological interventions may help the patients adhere to their treatment better.
Hypermethylation of MGMT Gene Promoter in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells as a Noninvasive Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Azhdari Sara , Khodabandehloo Fatemeh , Ehtesham Naeim , Mazhari Seyed Amirhossein , Behroozi Javad , Siri Goli
Published: August 2024

Background:

Early colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis can drastically reduce CRC-related morbidity and mortality. In this regard, increasing attention is now being directed to DNA-based tests, especially the evaluation of methylation levels, to prioritize high-risk suspected persons for colonoscopy examination. Therefore, we aimed to assess the accuracy ofMGMTgene promoter methylation levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for distinguishing CRC patients from healthy people.

Materials and Methods:

For this study, a total of seventy individuals with CRC and 75 healthy individuals from Iran were included. The methylation level ofMGMTin the DNA isolated from PBMCs was evaluated using the methylation quantification endonuclease-resistant DNA technique. To assess the diagnostic capability of theMGMTpromoter methylation level, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated.

Results:

The mean promoter methylation level ofMGMTin the CRC and control groups was, respectively, 27.83 ± 22.80 vs. 12.36 ± 14.48. The average percentage of methylation of theMGMTpromoter between the CRC and control groups was significantly different (P< 0.001). Also, the MGMT promoter was more hypermethylated in female patients than in males. ROC analyses indicated that the diagnostic power of theMGMTpromoter methylation level for CRC was 0.754, with a sensitivity of 81.43% and a specificity of 75.71%, indicating a good biomarker for CRC diagnosis.

Conclusion:

Methylation evaluation ofMGMTin PBMCs could be utilized as a diagnostic biomarker with high accuracy for prioritizing suspected CRC patients before colonoscopy.
Comparison of Infiltration and Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Injection Techniques in Periodontal Flap Surgery in the Mandible
Authors: Banerjee Swagata , Manohar Balaji , Shetty Neema , Mathur Aditi , Makhijani Barkha , Agarwal Srishti
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

The efficacy of infiltration versus inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) injection techniques during periodontal flap surgery in the mandible is crucial for optimising patient care. This comparative study aims to evaluate the pain management, ease of administration and clinical outcomes associated with both anaesthetic methods. Infiltration anaesthesia involves localised administration, targeting specific sites, whereas IANB provides a broader anaesthetic effect by numbing the entire mandibular nerve. Understanding the advantages and limitations of each technique will enhance procedural efficiency and patient comfort. This research contributes valuable insights into best practices for periodontal surgeries.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-five subjects who required periodontal flap surgery were included in the study to treat chronic periodontitis in the mandibular jaw. The surgery was performed under local infiltration of an anaesthetic agent on one side of the jaw and by an IANB on the other side. Pain perception was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score at various intervals during periodontal flap surgery. The effect of anaesthesia between the two techniques was compared and evaluated by analysis of variance using IBM Corp. IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics for Windows [Version 25]. Armonk, New York, USA. IBM Corp; 2017.

Results:

Analysis determined the onset, duration and termination of anaesthesia induced by infiltration and the IANB technique. The onset and duration of anaesthesia by both techniques were comparable. The pain perception evaluated using the VAS score while using both anaesthesia techniques was also comparable.

Conclusion:

Infiltration anaesthesia can be used as an alternative to overcome the disadvantages and complications of IANB for periodontal surgery in the mandibular jaw.
Bio-materials Used to Enhance Bone Healing in Implant Dentistry – A Review from the Past to Current
Authors: Prasanth B Shri Krishna , Dhanasekaran Akshaya Subhashinee , Renuka T , Khan Farhan , Begum Sajida Ali , Srutheesri  , Karpagam Nithya , John Rozar Raj B
Published: August 2024

An alternating way of replacing the missing teeth involves the use of implants. In implant dentistry, an adequate amount of bone is crucial for the long-term prognosis. Bone volume loss can be caused by congenital, post-traumatic or post-surgical abnormalities, as well as disease processes. In scenarios with a bone defect at a site, where the primary stability of an implant cannot be established or where implant placement is not achievable in the best possible position for subsequent prosthetic therapy, guided bone regeneration before implantation represents the method of choice. During implant placement, a partial discrepancy between the implant’s surface and the socket’s osseous walls frequently leaves the peri-implant region with insufficient bone. It has been shown that barrier membranes can be successfully placed to allow the peri-implant space to be filled with new bone rather than lowering the height of the alveolar ridge to produce a sufficient breadth for implantation.
Research Journey of Advances in Human Biology: Visualisation Approach
Authors: Chauhan Vasantray , Chaudhari Shanti , Chauhan Khushi
Published: August 2024

This paper conducts the bibliometric analysis of 525 articles published in the journal ‘Advances in Human Biology’ from 2013 to 2024. The data were sourced from the Web of Science database. The study focuses on various aspects of the journals such as the growth of papers year-wise, total citations, citation per article, country-wise global research publications, most prolific authors, distribution of highly cited documents and co-occurrence of author’s keywords have also been analysed. The analysis shows that the majority 333 (63.42%) of the contributors were Indians. Data visualisation in the study was conducted utilising the VOS viewer and RStudio tools.
Comparative Study between Titanium Miniplates and Three-dimensional C Plates for Fixation of Mandibular Fractures in the Mental Nerve Region: Randomised, Clinical Study
Authors: Bhavsar Bijal , Patel Hiren , Pandya Haren , Shah Urvi , Makwana Parth
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Mandibular fractures, representing 35.54%–44.2% of facial fractures, often affect the mandibular body and subcondylar region. Effective treatment seeks optimal reduction, stable fixation and functional restoration. This study assesses a modified three-dimensional C plate’s efficacy in treating mandibular fractures, emphasising occlusal forces and the mental nerve region.

Materials and Methods:

A randomised clinical trial (2019–2024) involving 20 patients with mandibular fractures was conducted. Group A (10 patients) received the modified C titanium plate and Group B (10 patients) received conventional miniplates. The clinical parameters – pain, occlusion, mobility, bite force and neurosensory deficits – were evaluated pre- and postoperatively at various intervals. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software.

Results:

Group A shows superior bite force and functional outcomes, with significant neurosensory recovery by the 10th day. Both groups had no plate fractures, screw loosening or infections. Group A also had better stability, reduced procedural time and improved post-operative comfort.

Conclusions:

The modified C miniplate provides superior stabilisation, simplifies application, reduces complications and enhances early functional recovery compared to conventional miniplates.
Single Flap Approach Versus Conventional Flap in the Treatment of Intrabony Defects: A 6-Month Clinico Radiological Study
Authors: Nayak Prahi , Shetty Neema , Manohar Balaji , Mathur Aditi , Makhijani Barkha , Chakraborty Richik
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

The comparison of single-flap approach (SFA) and conventional flap (CF) techniques in the treatment of intrabony defects is a significant area of periodontal research. This clinical-radiological study evaluates the effectiveness of these methods over a 6-month period. SFA involves minimal surgical intervention, promoting faster healing and reduced patient discomfort. Conversely, CF is a traditional method with broader exposure to the surgical site for more extensive cleaning and repair. This study aims to provide insights into the relative advantages and clinical outcomes associated with each approach, contributing to evidence-based periodontal therapy practices.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty sites with chronic/aggressive periodontitis were selected for the present study. Phase I therapy was performed and evaluated after 4 weeks. Clinical parameters such as plaque and gingival index and probing pocket depth (PPD) were measured at baseline and 6 months postoperatively. The mean defect fills and percentage defect fill were calculated with the help of cone-beam computed tomography at baseline and 6 months postoperatively. The subjects were divided into two equal groups with the help of a coin toss. The Group I (test sites) underwent an SFA, whereas the Group II (control) site underwent conventional surgical procedures.

Results:

The PPD in both groups was reduced over a 6-month post-operative period. The mean defect size and percentage of defect fill between baseline and 6 months postoperatively in both groups were statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The single-flap approach and the CF are equally effective in treating periodontal intrabony defects.
Diagnostic Challenges in Depression – A Rare Case of Depression Associated with Pachymeningitis
Authors: Das Koushik , Ray Sagarika
Published: August 2024

Hypertrophic pachymeningitis is a rare neurological disorder, with nonspecific initial symptoms, which lead to difficulty in early diagnosis. Psychiatric manifestations have rarely been reported in association with this disorder. In this article, we report the case of a female patient, who was initially diagnosed as suffering from depressive disorder but was later diagnosed as suffering from underlying hypertrophic pachymeningitis. The bidirectional nature of depression with inflammation can also be ascertained from the course of the disease and the treatment offered. The initial presenting depressive symptoms, somatic complaints, headache, and ocular symptoms had responded well to paroxetine, until there was an episode of lower respiratory tract infection, following which all her symptoms aggravated. Detailed neurological work-up confirmed the diagnosis of pachymeningitis. Immunosuppressant therapy was employed using steroids, while continuing paroxetine, which led to near-complete recovery of both her ocular and depressive symptoms.
Safety of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy in prostate disorders: in vitro and in vivo evidence
Authors: Wang Yi-Ran , Feng Bin , Qi Wen-Bo , Gong Yu-Wen , Kong Xiang-Bin , Cheng Hui , Dong Zhi-Long , Tian Jun-Qiang , Wang Zhi-Ping
Published: August 2024

Recent evidence suggests that low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li-ESWT) is a promising treatment for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS); however, its safety in pelvic organs, particularly prostate tissues and cells, remains unclear. The current study evaluates the risks of prostate cell damage or oncogenesis following the administration of Li-ESWT for prostatitis. To this end, a robust in vitro model (Cell Counting Kit-8 [CCK-8] assay, clone formation assay, cell scratch assay, lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] release assay, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting assay) was designed to examine the effects of Li-ESWT on cell proliferation, clonogenicity, migration, membrane integrity, and DNA damage. Exome sequencing of Li-ESWT-treated cells was performed to determine the risk of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, an in vivo rat model (n = 20) was employed to assess the effects of Li-ESWT on cancer biomarkers (carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA], Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA], and gamma-H2A histone family member X, phosphorylation of the H2AX Ser-139 [γ-H2AX]) in prostate tissue. Based on our findings, Li-ESWT promotes cellular growth and motility without inducing significant cell membrane or DNA damage or alterations. Genetic analyses did not demonstrate an increase in mutations, and no damage to prostate tissue or upregulation of cancer biomarkers was detected in vivo. This comprehensive in vitro and in vivo assessment confirms the safety of Li-ESWT in managing prostate disorders.
Fuchs Syndrome: Uncommon or Under Diagnosed?
Authors: Singh Santosh Kumar , Arora Rahil , Saipangallu Yashas , Singh Vani , Sehgal Parrina
Published: August 2024

Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) with mucosal involvement without any skin lesions has been described as Fuchs syndrome. This pure mucosal variant of SJS has been described more frequently in children and adolescents than adults. Most of the cases are triggered by infections commonly due to herpes simplex and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Mucosal lesions predominate; however, ocular and genital lesions are often present. In this case report, we present a successfully managed rare case of a 25-year-old male who was diagnosed with M. pneumoniae-upper respiratory tract infection associated with Fuchs syndrome. In the absence of a high index of suspicion, the correct diagnosis is often missed, and appropriate therapy is delayed.
Management of Functional Status of a Floppy Child with Ayurveda and Panchakarma: A Case Report
Authors: Pandey Vidya Bhushan , Kumar Abhimanyu , Pandey Shweta , Rathi Renu Bharat
Published: August 2024

The floppy (hypotonic) condition often presents with abnormally lower muscle tone, resulting in the limpness of the body. Antigravity muscle movements are difficult to perform. This case had a brain lesion due to hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy inside the cerebrum. Hypotonic cases in Ayurveda are close to Vata Vayadhi (~Diseases due to Vata dosha alleviation) with Avarana (~occlusion) due to Shiromarmaghata (~damage to the brain). This state is with symptoms such as Chestanasha (~loss of movement), Gatra vikshep sanga (~restricted body movements), and Sarveshu Skhalitam Cha Gatau Bhrusham (~fall during the walk) close to hypotonic status. In this article, a 2 and a ½-year-old male child with diagnosed hypotonic status and delayed milestones attended Kaumarbhritya outpatient department. He was not able to balance or stand with support and would lie down while sitting. He was managed according to Ayurveda guidelines for 180 days. The case was provided oral Ayurveda medications, Panchakarma therapy, and some basic exercises. The case was assessed after 60 days for the outcome of the treatment. After 180 days, a multifaceted improvement is seen. The patient started standing and walking without support, and his power grade of muscle and joints also improved. His advanced daily living activities that scored 10, before treatment improved to 70, after treatment (AT). With all-around improvement, his Gross Motor Functional Classification System score also improved from 3 to 1, AT. Magnetic resonance imaging changes were seen after a period of treatment, showing gliotic changes AT reflecting healing and neuroplastic changes. Conclusively, early intervention with Ayurveda can change the functional status in hypotonic conditions.
Pharmacognosy and Analytical Profile of Bhunimbadi Churna: A Polyherbal Formulation
Authors: Sharma Pratik , More Anand B. , Galib R , Rai Shalini , Upadhyay Anjali
Published: August 2024

Background:

Charak Samhita, an ancient Ayurvedic text, offers a vast repository of effective polyherbal formulations for treating various diseases. Ensuring the standardization and authentication of these compound formulations is crucial for quality control and enhancing their therapeutic efficacy. Establishing reliable data to set standard parameters is essential for verifying the genuineness of individual formulations and drugs as a whole.

Aims and Objectives:

The primary aim of this study is to evaluate and assess Bhunimbadi Churna, a classical formulation mentioned in the Grahanidosha Chikitsa Adhyaya of Charak Samhita, known for its multiple therapeutic indications. The objectives include conducting a comprehensive pharmacognostical and pharmacological assessment of the formulation to establish standard parameters for quality control.

Materials and Methods:

The study involved a detailed examination of Bhunimbadi Churna using standard scientific protocols. The assessment included organoleptic characteristics, physico chemical parameters, physical characteristics of the powder (Churna), preliminary phytochemical analysis, and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis.

Results:

On performing the experiments for three consecutive readings, loss on drying was found to be 7.66 ± 0.21, pH was 5.53 ± 0.19, total ash value of powder was found to be 6.64 ± 0.20 w/w, and acid insoluble ash was found to be 0.52 ± 0.11 w/w. These parameters provide a reliable framework for assessing the quality and authenticity of the formulation.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study offer valuable tools for regulatory authorities, scientific organizations, and manufacturers to develop standardized formulations of Bhunimbadi Churna. The reproducible parameters established in this study can assist in ensuring the quality and efficacy of this classical Ayurvedic formulation.