bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Currículum, formación ciudadana y género: análisis crítico del discurso en la política curricular chilena
Authors:   , Hernández Contreras Romina Paz
Published: October 2023

La conceptualización sobre formación ciudadana se releva en el mundo a partir de la década del ‘90, surgiendo al mismo tiempo enfoques feministas que cuestionaban la posibilidad de formar ciudadanos integrales en sistemas educativos sexistas y hetero normados. En Chile, la formación ciudadana en el currículum se fortalece con la Ley 20.911 de 2016. Los estudios nacionales sobre ciudadanía y género se han focalizado en la identificación de brechas y sesgos en el contexto escolar. Este trabajo, a partir de una perspectiva feminista postestructuralista, busca caracterizar las relaciones entre discursos sobre currículum, ciudadanía y género que subyacen en la política curricular vigente. La metodología considera análisis crítico del discurso, enfoque feminista y análisis de caso para la toma de decisiones en contextos educativos. Como resultado se observa que la construcción discursiva del ciudadano es controversial, y eminentemente masculina. No obstante, la norma en sus orientaciones para la implementación considera la relación entre género y ciudadanía. Consecuentemente el plan de mejora se basa en un ciclo de desarrollo curricular para el diseño de planes de formación ciudadana pertinentes, relevantes y con perspectiva de género.
El testimonio en la construcción de identidad docente y apropiación curricular: self-study basado en mi quehacer profesional y la experiencia de profesores novatos
Authors:   , Arias Zamora Rodrigo Andrés
Published: October 2023

La formación inicial docente considera el desarrollo de habilidades y competencias que contemplan conocimiento no solo disciplinar, sino también curricular y didáctico que propicie aprendizajes de calidad. Todos ellos, sumados a las características individuales de los sujetos, ayudan a la configuración de la identidad profesional del docente. A través de este self-study he intentado comprender cómo ha contribuido el testimonio a mis prácticas de apropiación curricular y al desarrollo de la identidad docente La investigación consideró entrevistas guiadas cuyas respuestas fueron analizadas siguiendo el modelo currere (Pinar, 2011). Los hallazgos refrendan la noción de que el testimonio es un recurso pedagógico efectivo que denota apropiación curricular y que alimenta la construcción de la identidad profesional docente. Así es que he diseñado un plan de mejora que pudiera, en primer lugar, contribuir a la comprensión del testimonio como recurso pedagógico que se traduzca en una apropiación curricular que apoye la construcción de una identidad profesional docente, y en segundo lugar, transformar al self-study como una práctica que promueva la reflexión y consecuente mejora de nuestro quehacer.
El joven Marcuse y la filosofía concreta: la fenomenología del materialismo histórico vista a partir de sus antecedentes
Authors:   , Rojo Salazar Pablo
Published: October 2023

El trabajo examina el proyecto filosófico del joven Herbert Marcuse, a partir de sus antecedentes filosóficos. La primera parte explica la llamada “crisis del marxismo” que tiene lugar hacia el final del periodo regido por la Segunda Internacional, así como las respuestas que, frente a esta situación, elaboran Karl Korsch y Georg Lukács. La segunda, se ocupa de explicitar en Ser y tiempo los elementos que se avienen a esta relectura del marxismo y la concepción marcuseana de una filosofía concreta. En la tercera, se desarrolla una interpretación explicativa de la síntesis entre Marx y Heidegger propuesta por Marcuse, la “fenomenología del materialismo histórico”, en tanto soportada por la idea de un filosofar concreto.
Posidonio y el De Placitis Hippocratis et Platonis IV 264, 17-270, 3: cómo entender la figura posidonea entre el monismo psicológico estoico y las objeciones platónicas de Galeno
Authors:   , Lombardi Sofia
Published: October 2023

En el De Placitis Hippocratis et Platonis (PHP) Galeno presenta al estoico Posidonio como un platónico en cuestiones psicológicas; si la versión galénica de Posidonio es correcta, éste habría rechazado la doctrina crisipea en materia psicológica. De hecho, en el PHP, Galeno critica a Crisipo por su visión monista del alma y, para refutarlo, se sirve de las palabras y argumentos de distintos autores como Platón, Hipócrates, Pitágoras, Homero y de Posidonio mismo. De esta manera, según la interpretación de Galeno, el apamiense parece alejarse de las teorías de Crisipo y apoyar la visión tripartita del alma platónica. El problema es que no se puede confiar totalmente en las palabras de Galeno, primero porque es una fuente hostil al estoicismo y sus objeciones están hechas desde un enfoque platónico; segundo porque se perdió la obra de Posidonio y no se conoce con seguridad su doctrina. En efecto, en el PHP Galeno cita distintos pasajes de obras perdidas de Posidonio, pero siempre interpretándolos según su perspectiva platónica. El objetivo de la presente investigación es entender cuál ha sido el papel de Posidonio en el ámbito de la psicología y hasta qué punto Posidonio se ha apartado del monismo crisipeo. El objetivo se logrará intentando leer a Galeno sin su tono polémico usando otras fuentes antiguas indirectas que testimonian teorías psicológicas estoicas y analizando minuciosamente la cita de Posidonio que Galeno hace en PHP IV 264, 18-270, 3. De esta forma, se propone realizar una reconstrucción sistemática de distintos conceptos de la psicología estoica en general para poder reconstruir la posidonea en particular y, finalmente, contestar a la pregunta central de mi trabajo: cuál es, según Posidonio la causa de las pasiones. Finalmente se comparará su respuesta con la de Crisipo y se observará si los dos estoicos hubieran llegado a las mismas conclusiones o si, como sostiene Galeno, Posidonio, revindicando su cercanía con Platón, rechazó el monismo crisipeo.
Comparison of a Free-Field and a Closed-Field Sound Source Identification Paradigms in Assessing Spatial Acuity in Adults With Normal Hearing Sensitivity
Authors: Sampath Sridhar , Aisha Syeda , Neelamegarajan Devi , Jain Chandni , Nisha Kavassery V.
Published: October 2023

Background and Objectives: Traditional sound field localization setups in a free-field environment closely represent real-world situations. However, they are costly and sophisticated, and it is difficult to replicate similar setups in every clinic. Hence, a cost-effective, portable, and less sophisticated virtual setup will be more feasible for assessing spatial acuity in the clinical setting. The virtual auditory space identification (VASI) test was developed to assess spatial acuity using virtual sources in a closed field. The present study compares the legitimacy of these two methods.Subjects and Methods: Fifty-five individuals with normal hearing (mean age±SD: 21± 3.26 years) underwent spatial acuity assessment using two paradigms: 1) the sound field paradigm (localization test) and 2) the virtual paradigm (VASI test). Location-specific and overall accuracy scores and error rates were calculated using confusion matrices for each participant in both paradigms.Results: The results of Wilcoxon signed-rank tests showed that the locationspecific and overall accuracy scores for both paradigms were not significantly different. Further, both paradigms did not yield significantly different localization error rates like right and left intra-hemifield errors, inter-hemifield errors, and front-back errors. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that all the measures of the two paradigms had mild to moderate correlation.Conclusions: These results demonstrate that both VASI and the sound field paradigm localization test performed equally well in assessing spatial acuity.
Influence of Environmental Concern on Green Purchasing Behavior among Undergraduate Students in Sri Lanka
Authors: Abeywardana W. A. D. D. N. B.  , Perera H. P. N.
Published: October 2023

Aims: The main objective of the study was to determine how the consumers’ pro environmental concerns affected their green buying behavior in sports science and management undergraduate consumers. Furthermore, determining the green buying behavior of consumers and willing to pay for eco green products and awareness of the green products were also among the specific objectives of the study.
Study design:  This research is a quantitative investigation with a cross-sectional design, involving the collection of data at a single point in time. The primary objective of the study is hypothesis testing, specifically examining the association between individuals' pro-environmental concerns and their green purchasing behavior. The researchers had limited involvement in  the data collection process, which relied on a questionnaire, and the study took place in  a natural, non-contrived setting. The individual students served as the units of analysis for this study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study's sample consisted of 140 Sports Science students from the Department of Sports Science within the Faculty of Applied Sciences at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura in Sri Lanka (n=140). Data collection occurred from June 2022 to September 2022.
Methodology: The observed variables of the study were pro environmental concerns, consumers’ environmental concern, consumers’ health concerns, consumers’ economic concerns, consumer’s energy saving concerns and recycling concerns along with awareness of green products. A pre-tested Likert Scale questionnaire was used to accessed information and the validity and reliability was also measured.
Results: The results indicate that consumers’ pro-environmental concerns significantly affect their green buying behavior. The environmental concerns, health concern, economic concerns, energy saving concerns and recycling concerns positively affected the green buying behavior. Also, it was found that consumers are willing to buy green products. The survey findings disclose that consumers’ awareness towards green products, high level of green buying behavior products and their pro environmental concern impacts their green buying behavior.
Conclusion: Consumers are willing to buy green products. The survey findings disclose that consumers’ awareness towards green products, high level of green buying behavior products and their pro environmental concern impacts their green buying behavior.
Effects of Growth Promoter-Enriched Farm-Made Feeds on the Growth, Flesh Quality and Economics of Labeo rohita Culture
Authors: Islam Md. Shahidul , Hosen Md. Rony , Zaman Md. Atik Uz , Hasan Shihab , Rahman Md. Mahabubur
Published: October 2023

Aims: The study compared the effects of three growth promoters enriched farm-made feeds with a commercial carp grower feed on growth, flesh compositions and palatability, and economics of Labeo rohita culture.

Study Design: The study was carried out through four treatments with three replications in each treatment. A commercial carp feed was used as control (T1, without growth promoter) and three experimental feeds were formulated by using locally available ingredients with the addition of three growth promoters viz., charger gel (CG), eon fish grower (EG) and aquazyme plus (AP) treated as T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Fifteen juveniles of L. rohita with initial weights ranging from 131.17±9.60g to 133.33±8.84g were stocked in each cage (96ft3) and served a daily ration of 5% body weight.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in 12 cages set in an experiment pond at the Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh for 80 days (June-August, 2022).

Methodology: Growth and feed utilization parameters by means of weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and chemical composition viz., crude protein, lipid, carbohydrate, fiber, ash and moisture content of feed and fish flesh along with palatability indicators viz., odor, taste and texture were evaluated according to standard formulae, AOAC methods and organoleptic sensory technique, respectively.

Results: CG, EG, and AP enriched feed exhibited significantly better growth performance, feed efficiency, flesh composition and palatability indicators compared to the control feed. Additionally, CG enriched feed was the most economically efficient followed by EG and AP enriched feed in terms of feed cost/kg production.

Conclusion: The findings conclude that charger gel enriched farm-made feed is more economical and yields better growth and flesh quality of L. rohita than the selected commercial feed.
Empowering Energy Storage Using Graphene and Its Derivatives
Authors: Oza P. M. , Vasoya N. H. , Vansdadiya R. P.
Published: October 2023

Graphene, a two-dimensional carbon-based material, holds significant promise for elevating the performance of energy storage technologies such as batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. This review article aims to present the latest advancements in utilizing graphene for energy storage devices, with a focus on developments occurring in the past few months. These advancements involve the integration of graphene-based materials into the device designs to augment their efficiency, longevity, and stability, ultimately driving the evolution of advanced energy storage systems. Realizing graphene's full potential as an energy storage material and comprehending its intrinsic properties necessitate further in-depth investigation. Achieving a comprehensive understanding of graphene is imperative before fully harnessing its capabilities in this field.
Effect of Age of Seedling and Plant Spacing on Yield and Economics of Transplanted Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Singh Shivam , Singh Sudhakar , Singh Ankit , Anshuman Kumar , Singh Pankaj , Singh Gajendra , Singh Rajesh Dutt , Srivastav Susheel Kumar
Published: October 2023

An experiment was conducted at Shradhay Bhagwati Singh Agriculture Research Farm (Hajipur), Chandra Bhanu Gupta Krishi Snatakottar Mahavidyalaya, B.K.T., Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) during the Kharif season of 2022. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications keeping three ages of seedlings viz., 21 days of the age of old seedlings, 28 days of the age of old seedlings and 35 days of the age of old seedlings in main plots and three plants spacing 20 cm x 10 cm, 25 cm x 10 cm and 15 cm x 15 cm in subplots. Results revealed that there was significant variation among different times of transplanting with respect to growth. Growth parameters were higher in paddy transplanted at 21 days of age of old seedlings as compared to the rest of the age of seedlings. The yield attributes as effective tillers m-2, panicle length (cm.), numbers of grains panicle-1, grains weight panicle-1 (g.), panicle weight (g.) and 1000 grain weight were significantly superior in paddy transplanted in 21 days of age of old seedlings. 21 days of age of old seedlings proved significantly superior in terms of grain, straw, total biological yield and harvest index when compared to the rest of the age of seedlings. The maximum N – content (%) was significantly superior in paddy transplanted in 35 days of the age of seedling in grain and straw. The N – Uptake (kg/ha.) was significantly superior in paddy transplanted in 21 days of age of seedling in grain and straw. The protein content (%) was significantly superior over in paddy transplanted at 35 days of the age of seedlings in grain and straw. The Protein – production (kg/ha.) were significantly superior in paddy transplanted at 21 days of age of seedling in grain and straw. Growth parameters such as plant height (cm.), dry matter accumulation (gm-2) and leaf area index were higher in paddy transplanted with 20 cm x 10 cm but a number of tillers (m-2) higher with 25 cm x 10 cm as compared to rest of the plant spacing. Plant spacing of 25 cm x 10 cm produced significantly more yield attributes and yield of rice. The maximum N – content (%) were significantly superior in paddy transplanted with 15 cm x 15 cm in grain and straw. The maximum N – Uptake (kg/ha.) was significantly superior in paddy transplanted with 25 cm x 10 cm in grain and straw as compared to the rest of the plant spacing. The maximum protein content (%) were significantly superior over in paddy transplanted with 15 cm x 15 cm in grain and straw. The Protein – production (kg/ha.) was significantly superior in paddy transplanted with 25 cm x 10 cm in grain and straw. Transplanting of paddy 28 days of age of old seedlings with 25 cm x 10 cm plant spacing had higher gross return, net return, and B:C ratio of rice crop.
Exploring the Significance of Insects in Ecosystems: A Comprehensive Examination of Entomological Studies
Authors: Sharma Ram Prakash , Boruah Anasuya , Khan Anam , Thilagam P. , Akanksha  , Sivakumar S. , Dhapola Priyanka , Singh Bal Veer
Published: October 2023

The dynamic and expansive field of entomology is poised for transformative changes, thanks to technological advancements and the emergence of new avenues of research. Traditional methodologies like specimen collection and observation are increasingly being complemented by state-of-the-art techniques such as environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis, CRISPR genome editing, remote sensing, and artificial intelligence. The eDNA methodology, for example, offers a non-invasive approach to monitor elusive or endangered insect species, thereby enriching biodiversity databases. Genome editing technologies like CRISPR have enabled nuanced manipulation of insect genes, providing a deeper understanding of their physiology and behavior. Moreover, artificial intelligence and machine learning contribute to automated species identification and predictive modeling of insect populations, offering invaluable insights for conservation efforts. In terms of emerging fields, insect neurobiology, microbiomics, and environmental entomology are gaining prominence. Neurobiological studies are dissecting the neural substrates of insect behaviors, which not only deepen our basic biological understanding but also have implications in robotics and AI. Microbiomics explores the symbiotic relationships between insects and their microbial communities, revealing avenues for novel pest control strategies. Environmental entomology focuses on the impacts of habitat change and climate variability on insect populations, which is crucial for biodiversity conservation. Acknowledging the concerted efforts of researchers, academic institutions, and funding bodies is essential, as these stakeholders shape the field's future direction. Thus, entomology stands at the cusp of a new era, enriched by technological innovations and multidisciplinary approaches. These advancements hold the promise of significantly broadening our understanding of insects' roles in ecosystems, their adaptability, and their importance in maintaining ecological balance. This future direction not only provides exciting prospects for scientific inquiry but also brings forth substantial implications for the sustainable management of ecosystems and conservation policy.
Derivative Risk Information Disclosure Effect on Financial Reporting Quality Evidence from Selected Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria
Authors: Ugbah Andrew, A. , Amahi Fidelis, U. , Offor, Nkechi T.
Published: October 2023

This study investigates the impact of financial derivative risk information disclosure on the quality of financial reporting in a sample of Nigerian deposit money banks. Data from the annual financial reports of twelve Nigerian listed commercial banks were collected over a ten-year period, from 2012 to 2021. While derivative assets served as the proxy for the independent variable, Jones Discretionary Accrual was employed to measure reporting quality and cash flow to asset ratio was employed as control variable. The hypothesis was tested using Pooled Ordinary Least Square regression analysis technique whose result indicate that disclosure of financial derivative risk information leads to an increase in discretionary accrual value, thereby undermining the quality of financial reports. As a result of this finding, the study concludes that disclosing financial derivative risk information has a negative impact on the quality of financial reports issued by Nigerian deposit money banks. It therefore recommends that policymakers work with regulatory bodies and standard-setting organizations to establish standardized disclosure practices for derivative instruments among Nigerian deposit money banks.
Adapted the Mechanical Characteristics of Bio-Composite Sisal Fibres Material by Adding Aluminum Particles for Structure
Authors: Bintoro Carolus , Wuwung Vicky , Ninien Sckolastika , Zidan Y. A.
Published: October 2023

The e-bike structure is increasingly developing, especially in terms of design, its strength is around 300 MPa in a maximum application of around 160 MPa, as is the case with the scooter bike structure. The strength of sisal, which is a composite reinforcing component, is made from natural fiber from pineapple leaves, which is then mixed with hemp fiber and carbon fiber. In mechanical structure materials, apart from the material being expected to have high yield strength, it is also expected to have good ductility. The reinforcement is then mixed with hard epoxy resin, soft epoxy, and 9 µm aluminum particles which are then stirred for 12 hours, until smooth and even. Mathematically, the improvement in this bio-composite is quite significant, obtained from the addition of carbon fiber. The ductility of the material is obtained from sisal, hemp and ductile epoxy mixed with hard epoxy resin. Because the quality of crop yields greatly influences the quality of the fiber, future agricultural processes need to be provided with counseling. The sisal fiber is a leftover product from community farming in the Subang area (Indonesia). Research using local materials is still able to obtain strength reaching ~480 MPa so it is still good. In this research, tensile tests were carried out 3 times so that it was found that the fiber taken from the rope had the greatest tensile strength, reaching around 480 MPa.
Work process of caregivers in residential therapeutic services: scope review / O trabalho de cuidadores em serviços residenciais terapêuticos: revisão de escopo
Authors: Salado Carolina Jéssica , Oliveira Márcia Aparecida Ferreira de , Cardoso Marilia Mastrocolla de Almeida , Silva Júlia Carolina de Mattos Cerioni , Ballan Caroline
Published: October 2023

Objetivo: mapear produções nacionais e internacionais, relacionadas ao processo de trabalho de cuidadores em Serviços Residenciais Terapêuticos. Método: revisão de escopo realizada em bases de dados selecionadas e no buscador Google Acadêmico, de agosto a setembro de 2019. Resultados: foram identificadas 452 referências nas bases PUBMED e LILACS/BVS e 8.910 referências no Google Acadêmico. Após critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 10 artigos compuseram o estudo. Com base na Teoria de Processo de Trabalho em Saúde, três categorias foram definidas para análise da amostra encontrada. Conclusão: identificou-se que a equipe de cuidadores concentra sua ação sobre o objeto de trabalho, referido predominantemente como as pessoas moradoras da casa, utilizando instrumentos, ainda pouco elaborados, para a finalidade de ampliar autonomia e a gestão de conflitos no desafio da (re)inserção social e comunitária.
Law Enforcement Officer Knowledge of, Attitudes Toward, and Willingness to Use Extreme Risk Protection Orders
Authors: Pear Veronica A. , De Biasi Alaina , Charbonneau Amanda
Published: October 2023

Importance

Understanding knowledge of, attitudes toward, and willingness to use extreme risk protection order (ERPO) laws among law enforcement officers (LEOs) can inform efforts to improve implementation of this underused firearm violence prevention strategy.

Objective

To characterize LEOs’ knowledge of, attitudes toward, and willingness to use ERPOs across a range of scenarios.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A cross-sectional online survey, fielded from April 5 to August 30, 2021, was conducted in all 19 states and the District of Columbia with an ERPO law in 2021. A nonprobability sample of active-duty LEOs was used.

Exposure

Being a LEO in a state with an ERPO law.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Survey participants answered questions about their familiarity with and opinions on ERPO laws, as well as whether they would agree with using an ERPO in a variety of specific case scenarios. The analysis included an exploration of whether within-scenario differences, such as ERPO respondent race or gender, affected agreement by randomly assigning survey participants to 1 of 2 versions of each scenario.

Results

A total of 600 eligible individuals started the survey, and 283 survey participants were included in the analysis. The analytic sample consisted mostly of cisgender men (85.2%) and non-Hispanic White (71.4%) LEOs. Participants represented 14 states and the District of Columbia, with 53.7% living in California. Most participants (81.3%) were very or somewhat familiar with ERPO laws and 56.2% had received ERPO training. Opinions about ERPO laws were generally favorable but varied by self-identified political ideology. Across all scenarios, most participants supported using an ERPO; however, support was highest in cases involving intimate partner violence (71.4%-78.6%) and lowest in cases involving suicidality (54.2%-73.3%). Across all scenarios, LEOs with ERPO training or experience were substantially more likely to agree with using ERPOs than those without. None of the randomly assigned within-scenario differences were associated with differences in ERPO support.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this survey study of LEOs in states with ERPO laws, many officers had not received training on their use. Additionally, while conservative political ideology was associated with less favorable views of ERPOs, training and experience with ERPOs was associated with greater support for their use across a range of scenarios. These findings suggest that LEO training on ERPOs may promote their uptake and improve implementation.
Barriers and Facilitators to Clinical Practice Development in Men and Women Surgeons
Authors: Finn Caitlin B. , Syvyk Solomiya , Bakillah Emna , Brown Danielle E. , Mesiti Andrea M. , Highet Alexandra , Bergmark Regan W. , Yeo Heather L. , Waljee Jennifer F. , Wick Elizabeth C. , Shea Judy A. , Kelz Rachel R.
Published: October 2023

Importance

Many early-career surgeons struggle to develop their clinical practices, leading to high rates of burnout and attrition. Furthermore, women in surgery receive fewer, less complex, and less remunerative referrals compared with men. An enhanced understanding of the social and structural barriers to optimal growth and equity in clinical practice development is fundamental to guiding interventions to support academic surgeons.

Objective

To identify the barriers and facilitators to clinical practice development with attention to differences related to surgeon gender.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A multi-institutional qualitative descriptive study was performed using semistructured interviews analyzed with a grounded theory approach. Interviews were conducted at 5 academic medical centers in the US between July 12, 2022, and January 31, 2023. Surgeons with at least 1 year of independent practice experience were selected using purposeful sampling to obtain a representative sample by gender, specialty, academic rank, and years of experience.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Surgeon perspectives on external barriers and facilitators of clinical practice development and strategies to support practice development for new academic surgeons.

Results

A total of 45 surgeons were interviewed (23 women [51%], 18 with ≤5 years of experience [40%], and 20 with ≥10 years of experience [44%]). Surgeons reported barriers and facilitators related to their colleagues, department, institution, and environment. Dominant themes for both genders were related to competition, case distribution among partners, resource allocation, and geographic market saturation. Women surgeons reported additional challenges related to gender-based discrimination (exclusion, questioning of expertise, role misidentification, salary disparities, and unequal resource allocation) and additional demands (related to appearance, self-advocacy, and nonoperative patient care). Gender concordance with patients and referring physicians was a facilitator of practice development for women. Surgeons suggested several strategies for their colleagues, department, and institution to improve practice development by amplifying facilitators and promoting objectivity and transparency in resource allocation and referrals.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this qualitative study suggest that a surgeon’s external context has a substantial influence on their practice development. Academic institutions and departments of surgery may consider the influence of their structures and policies on early career surgeons to accelerate practice development and workplace equity.
Phrasal Affixation
Authors: Göksel Aslı , Bagriacik Metin
Published: October 2023

Languages have morphemes that elude the well‐known distinctions between the morphological categories ‘affix’ and ‘clitic’. These unusual morphemes are affix‐like in that they preserve the property of selecting lexemes as bases, but they are clitic‐like as they can also attach to phrases, thus have bases that are formed in syntax. Some of these morphemes are also displaced and appear on items that they are not associated with. This entry surveys the emergence and development of the term ‘phrasal affix’, used for referring to such morphemes, and its appearance in the inflectional and derivational domains in various languages across different language families. It focuses on works that have analysed phrasal affixation within various theoretical frameworks and discusses the categories of the phrases that such affixes take as bases.
A test of age bias in children and adults in prospective person memory
Authors: Moore Kara N. , Hanan Raevan L. , Gaona Kassandra
Published: October 2023

Children are disproportionately represented amongst missing people in the United States. Search campaigns target adults to search for missing children, but age biases in face recognition may affect adults' efficacy at sighting missing children. We hypothesized that own‐age biases in children (7–9 years; N = 105) and adults (18–30 years; N = 108) would affect their ability to sight children and adults. Participants completed a prospective person memory task with a simultaneous ongoing task to simulate multi‐tasking while searching for missing people. Both child and adult participants were more accurate at sighting missing adults than missing children. Adults exhibited an own‐age bias. Adult participants were more accurate at sightings than child participants. In conclusion, adults were better suited to search for missing people of all ages than children, and this pattern of results may be impacted by experience with faces.
Reducing Gases Triggered Cathode Surface Reconstruction for Stable Cathode–Electrolyte Interface in Practical All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Zhang Bingkai , He Zhiwei , Liu Tiefeng , Li Zeheng , Zhang Shaojian , Zhao Wenguang , Yin Zu‐Wei , Zhuo Zengqing , Zhang Mingjian , Pan Feng , Zhang Shanqing , Lin Zhan , Lu Jun
Published: October 2023

The interfacial compatibility between cathodes and sulfide solid‐electrolytes (SEs) is a critical limiting factor of electrochemical performance in all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries (ASSLBs). This work presents a gas–solid interface reduction reaction (GSIRR), aiming to mitigate the reactivity of surface oxygen by inducing a surface reconstruction layer (SRL) . The application of a SRL, CoO/Li2CO3, onto LiCoO2 (LCO) cathode results in impressive outcomes, including high capacity (149.7 mAh g−1), remarkable cyclability (retention of 84.63% over 400 cycles at 0.2 C), outstanding rate capability (86.1 mAh g−1 at 2 C), and exceptional stability in high‐loading cathode (28.97 and 23.45 mg cm−2) within ASSLBs. Furthermore, the SRL CoO/Li2CO3 enhances the interfacial stability between LCO and Li10GeP2S12 as well as Li3PS4 SEs. Significantly, the experiments suggest that the GSIRR mechanism can be broadly applied, not only to LCO cathodes but also to LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathodes and other reducing gases such as H2S and CO, indicating its practical universality. This study highlights the significant influence of the surface chemistry of the oxide cathode on interfacial compatibility, and introduces a surface reconstruction strategy based on the GSIRR process as a promising avenue for designing enhanced ASSLBs.
Mesostructured Materials with Controllable Long‐Range Orientational Ordering and Anisotropic Properties
Authors: Jahnke Justin P. , Kim Donghun , Wildemuth Douglas J. , Nolla Jordi , Berkow Maxwell W. , Gwak Hosu , Neyshtadt Shany , Segal‐Peretz Tamar , Frey Gitti L. , Chmelka Bradley F.
Published: October 2023

Inorganic–organic mesophase materials provide a wide range of tunable properties, which are often highly dependent on their nano‐, micro‐, or meso‐scale compositions and structures. Among these are macroscopic orientational order and corresponding anisotropic material properties, the adjustability of which are difficult to achieve. This is due to the complicated transient and coupled transport, chemical reaction, and surface processes that occur during material syntheses. By understanding such processes, general criteria are established and used to prepare diverse mesostructured materials with highly aligned channels with uniform nanometer dimensions and controllable directionalities over macroscopic dimensions and thicknesses. This is achieved by using a micropatterned semipermeable poly(dimethylsiloxane) stamp to manage the rates, directions, and surfaces at which self‐assembling phases nucleate and the directions that they grow. This enables mesostructured surfactant‐directed silica and titania composites, including with functional guest species, and mesoporous carbons to be prepared with high degrees of hexagonal order, as well as controllable orthogonal macroscopic orientational order. The resulting materials exhibit novel anisotropic properties, as demonstrated by the example of direction‐dependent photocurrent generation, and are promising for enhancing the functionality of inorganic–organic nanocomposite materials in separations, catalysis, and energy conversion applications.
Influence of Shell Thickness on the Photophysical Properties of Core—Shell Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Zhang Xuanyu , Zhang Chengxi , Chen Baian , Li Junzi , Wang Zhaojin , Wang Kai , He Tingchao , Yang Xuyong , Chen Rui
Published: October 2023

Core–shell perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as a promising class of materials for optoelectronic applications due to their unique properties and stability. Although much research has been conducted on the shell growth mechanism and properties of the core–shell NCs, little is known about the role of shell thickness in determining their optical properties. Herein, a heteroepitaxial method is employed to prepare a series of core–shell FAPbBr3/CsPbBr3 NCs with different shell thicknesses. Through temperature‐dependent photoluminescence measurement, it is found that the electronic structure of core–shell FAPbBr3/CsPbBr3 NCs evolves from quasi‐type‐II to type‐I with the increase in shell thickness. This abnormal transition can be attributed to the thickened gradient alloy layer FA1‐xCsxPbBr3, which effectively relieves the lattice mismatch and releases strain in the NCs, resulting in variations in the bandgap between the core and the shell. Furthermore, the biexciton Auger lifetimes in these samples exhibit a non‐monotonic dependence on shell thickness, indicating the electronic structure transition. These results provide valuable insights into the relationship between shell thickness, electronic structure, and optical properties in core–shell perovskite NCs, which may offer guidance for the design of high‐performance optoelectronic devices.
Assembly of Phospha‐Xanthenes from Functionalized Organophosphines and Arynes through a Formal (4+2) Annulation‐Inspired Cascade
Authors: Gu Lijie , Zhang Congcong , Bu Zhanwei , Wang Qilin
Published: October 2023

Herein, we report an approach to phospha‐xanthenes from ortho‐chalcone based organophosphines and arynes. These reactions proceeded through a sequential process consisting of a formal [4+2] cycloaddition, arylation, P−OH formation and P−C bond cleavage. A gram‐scale preparation and a chemical conversion were performed to demonstrate the synthetic utility of this method. Also, a possible mechanism was proposed based on the control experiments.
Multi‐Bioinspired MOF Delivery Systems from Microfluidics for Tumor Multimodal Therapy
Authors: Zhang Qingfei , Kuang Gaizhen , Wang Hanbing , Zhao Yuanjin , Wei Jia , Shang Luoran
Published: October 2023

Metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based drug delivery systems have demonstrated values in oncotherapy. Current research endeavors are centralized on the functionality enrichment of featured MOF materials with designed versatility for synergistic multimodal treatments. Here, inspired by the multifarious biological functions including ferroptosis pattern, porphyrins, and cancer cell membrane (CCM) camouflage technique, novel multi‐biomimetic MOF nanocarriers from microfluidics are prepared. The Fe3+, meso‐tetra(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphine and oxaliplatin prodrug are incorporated into one MOF nano‐system (named FeTPt), which is further cloaked by CCM to obtain a “Trojan Horse”‐like vehicle (FeTPt@CCM). Owing to the functionalization with CCM, FeTPt@CCM can target and accumulate at the tumor site via homologous binding. After being internalized by cancer cells, FeTPt@CCM can be activated by a Fenton‐like reaction as well as a redox reaction between Fe3+ and glutathione and hydrogen peroxide to generate hydroxyl radical and oxygen. Thus, the nano‐platform effectively initiates ferroptosis and improves photodynamic therapy performance. Along with the Pt‐drug chemotherapy, the nano‐platform exhibits synergistic multimodal actions for inhibiting cancer cell proliferation in vitro and suppressing tumor growth in vivo. These features indicate that such a versatile biomimetic MOF delivery system from microfluidics has great potential for synergistic cancer treatment.
Einzelkettennanopartikel in der Katalyse
Authors: Mundsinger Kai , Izuagbe Aidan , Tuten Bryan T. , Roesky Peter W. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher
Published: October 2023

In den letzten sechs Jahrzehnten haben sich gefaltete Polymerketten, sogenannte Einzelketten‐Nanopartikel (EKNPs), von dem bloßen Konzept intramolekular vernetzter Polymerketten zu maßgeschneiderten Nanoreaktoren entwickelt. Diese Entwicklung wurde durch eine Vielzahl von Techniken und chemischen Verfahren zur Anpassung und Analyse ihrer Morphologie und Funktion unterstützt. Diese monomolekularen Polymere bieten in einer breiten Palette von Anwendungen ein vielversprechendes Potenzial. In diesem Beitrag diskutieren wir die faszinierenden Fortschritte, die in den letzten Jahren im Bereich der katalytisch aktiven EKNPs erzielt wurden.
Wie Acyl‐Carrier‐Proteine (ACPs) die Biosynthese von Fettsäuren und Polyketiden steuern
Authors: Buyachuihan Lynn , Stegemann Franziska , Grininger Martin
Published: October 2023

Megasynthasen wie die Typ I Fettsäuresynthasen (engl. fatty acid synthases, FASs) und Polyketidsynthasen (PKSs) sind Multienzymkomplexe, die für die Produktion von primären Metaboliten und komplexen Naturstoffen verantwortlich sind. Fettsäuren (engl. fatty acids, FAs) und Polyketide (PKs) werden durch das schrittweise Zusammenfügen und Modifizieren kleiner Acyleinheiten aufgebaut. Ein zentraler Aspekt der FA‐ und PK‐Biosynthese besteht in dem Transport der Substrate zwischen den Multienzymkomplex‐bildenden Domänen. Dieser essenzielle Prozess wird von kleinen Acyl‐Carrier‐Proteinen (ACPs) übernommen. Die ACPs müssen die katalytischen Domänen in einer bestimmten Sequenz ansteuern, um zu gewährleisten, dass die Biosyntheseschritte stets in derselben Reihenfolge erfolgen. Die genauen Mechanismen, die dem ACP‐vermittelten Substrattransport zugrunde liegen, insbesondere die Faktoren, die zur Programmierung der ACP‐Bewegung beitragen, müssen jedoch noch vollständig entschlüsselt werden. Dieser Übersichtsartikel veranschaulicht das aktuelle Verständnis des ACP‐vermittelten Substrattransports und bietet Konzepte zur Kontrolle der ACP‐Bewegung auf Basis der konformationellen Variabilität des Multienzymkomplexes und der Spezifitäten der involvierten Domänen und schlägt als Resultat eine eingeschränkte Bewegung der ACP‐Domänen innerhalb von Typ I Megasynthasen vor.
Regulation of Multiple Resonance Delayed Fluorescence via Through‐Space Charge Transfer Excited State towards High‐Efficiency and Stable Narrowband Electroluminescence
Authors: Luo Sai , Wang Junjie , Li Nengquan , Song Xiu‐Fang , Wan Xintong , Li Kai , Yang Chuluo
Published: October 2023

B‐ and N‐embedded multiple resonance (MR) type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters usually suffer from slow reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process and aggregation‐caused emission quenching. Here, we report the design of a sandwich structure by placing the B−N MR core between two electron‐donating moieties, inducing through‐space charge transfer (TSCT) states. The proper adjusting of the energy levels brings about a 10‐fold higher RISC rate in comparison with the parent B−N molecule. In the meantime, a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 91 % and a good color purity were maintained. Organic light‐emitting diodes based on the new MR emitter achieved a maximum external quantum efficiency of 31.7 % and small roll‐offs at high brightness. High device efficiencies were also obtained for a wide range of doping concentrations of up to 20 wt % thanks to the steric shielding of the B−N core. A good operational stability with LT95 of 85.2 h has also been revealed. The dual steric and electronic effects resulting from the introduction of a TSCT state offer an effective molecular design to address the critical challenges of MR‐TADF emitters.
Effects of maleic anhydride on the moisture crosslinking of EVM‐GMA grafted with amino silane
Authors: Su Yupeng , Han Kehui , Hoch Martin , Mao Jie , Shi Xinyan
Published: October 2023

Moisture crosslinking would be a good substitution to cure ethylene‐vinyl acetate‐glycidyl methacrylate rubber (EVM‐GMA) due to the characteristics of low cost and environmental friendliness. Our previous study found amino silane grafted onto EVM‐GMA with low degree due to the low epoxy group content in rubber matrix. Consequently, the moisture crosslinking density of rubber compound is low. So, it is necessary to find an effective method to improve the moisture crosslinking density of EVM‐GMA. In this paper, EVM‐GMA grafted with γ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane and maleic anhydride (EVM‐GMA‐g‐APTES/MAH) composites were prepared by melt blending, and then the moisture crosslinking of composites was achieved in a 90°C water bath with the aid of catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL). The grafting of MAH onto the EVM‐GMA molecular chain and its reaction with amino silane were confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). Furthermore, the moisture crosslinking density of the samples before and after grafting MAH was compared. The results indicated that the moisture crosslinking density of the grafted MAH was higher than that of the unmodified rubber, thus achieving better overall mechanical properties. Therefore, grafting MAH was a feasible way to improve the moisture crosslinking density of EVM‐GMA with the existence of silane.
Variation in the cranial osteology of the amphisbaenian genus Zygaspis based on high‐resolution x‐ray computed tomography
Authors: Meza Antonio , Bell Christopher J. , Daza Juan D. , Thies Monte L. , Lewis Patrick J.
Published: October 2023

Amphisbaenians are a specialized fossorial group of reptiles, having developed head‐first burrowing, a specialized skull architecture, and an elongated body. This group is generally small‐bodied, with some species possessing skulls only a few millimeters long. In this study, we used high‐resolution x‐ray computed tomography to compare the skulls of 15 specimens from seven of the eight species in the amphisbaenian genus Zygaspis (Zygaspis dolichomenta, Zygaspis ferox, Zygaspis quadrifrons, Zygaspis kafuensis, Zygaspis nigra, Zygaspis vandami, and Zygaspis violacea). Both interspecific and intraspecific variation, including asymmetry, is observed among the cranial bones of the specimens. There are unique morphological features on some cranial bones, including the premaxilla and ectopterygoid of Z. quadrifrons, the pterygoid and vomer of Z. kafuensis, and the extracolumella of Z. nigra. Sexual dimorphism has been previously reported for the species Z. quadrifrons and is observed here as well.
Anwendungsfallbezogene Nutzwertanalyse für Erfassungstechnologien im Brückenbau
Authors: Tschickardt Thomas , Lermen Hanna , Glock Christian
Published: October 2023

Die BIM‐basierte Projektabwicklung befindet sich aktuell im Infrastruktur‐ und Ingenieurbau, insbesondere im Brückenbau, noch in der Entwicklung. Besonders in der Ausführungsphase ist bislang wenig erforscht, wie Informationen am Bauwerk automatisiert digital erfasst werden können, obgleich dies die Aufnahme von relevanten Daten und Informationen erheblich erleichtern kann. Durch eine automatisierte Datenerfassung kann die Sicherheit des Baustellenpersonals erhöht und dieses effizienter eingesetzt, Arbeitsaufwände verringert sowie eine kurzyklische Informationsbereitstellung sichergestellt und somit auch Kosten optimiert werden. Grundsätzlich sollte jede Datenerfassung einem bestimmten Anwendungsfall (AWF) dienen und gemäß der Lean‐Philosophie und dem Pull‐Prinzip ausgelöst werden. Bislang existiert jedoch kein Standard und auch keine Empfehlung für den Entscheidungsprozess, welche Technologie für welchen AWF eingesetzt werden soll, um den größten Nutzen zu generieren. In diesem Beitrag wird eine AWF‐basierte Nutzwertanalyse für Technologien im Brückenbau vorgestellt. Lücken bisheriger Forschungen werden beleuchtet, um einen strukturierten und transparenten Entscheidungsprozess sicherzustellen.
Evaluation of Sn0.9Fe0.1O2‐δ as Potential Anode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lenzer Anja , Birrozzi Adele , Wirsching Anna‐Lena , Li Yueliang , Geiger Dorin , Kaiser Ute , Asenbauer Jakob , Bresser Dominic
Published: October 2023

Invited for this month's cover is the group of Dr. Dominic Bresser at Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU). The cover picture shows the potential anode material Sn0.9Fe0.1O2−δ‐C for sodium‐ion batteries. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/batt.202300281.
Wasserstoffüberspannung und Wasserstoffdiffusion durch Eisenkathoden
Authors: Fischer H. , Heiling H.
Published: October 2023

Unedler werden des Potentials an der nicht polarisierten Innenseite einer Becherkathode aus Eisen bei kathodischer Abscheidung von Wasserstoff an der Außenseite der Becherkathode. Vergleich der Außen‐ und Innenpotentiale und ihrer Abhängigkeit von der Stromdichte. Änderung der Außen‐und Innenpotentiale in Gegenwart organischer Inhibitoren. Bedeutung der Erscheinungen für die Theorie der Wasserstoffüberspannung.
Erstarrungsdiagramm, Mischungswärmen und Dichten des Systems Wasser‐Wasserstoffsuperoxyd
Authors: Kubaschewski O. , Weber W.
Published: October 2023

Folgende physikalisch‐chemische Daten von Wasser‐Wasserstoffsuperoxyd‐Gemischen werden gemessen: 1. die Dichten bei 18°C, 2. das Erstarrungsdiagramm, 3. die partiellen und integralen Mischungswärmen.– Die partiellen und integralen Mischungsentropien werden berechnet.