bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Du poids des mots
Authors: Dufoix Stéphane
Published: October 2015

L’attention aux mots n’est pas une nouveauté dans les sciences sociales. Pourtant, bien souvent, cette prise en compte soit demeure superficielle soit considère que les mots ont une histoire qu’il serait possible de retracer. Dans cet article, nous montrerons qu’il est possible de voir les choses autrement et de proposer à partir de trois exemples (diaspora, mondialisation et communautarisme) une approche différente – la socio-sémantique historique – dans laquelle l’étude historique des usages politiques, sociaux, journalistiques et académiques des mots est associée à l’analyse du rôle que jouent les mots dans la fabrication de la réalité. Loin de n’être que des mots, ils peuvent acquérir, par la répétition de leurs usages ou par l’importance qui leur est accordée à un moment donné, un poids tout à fait significatif qui s’impose au plus grand nombre et transforme ainsi notre manière d’appréhender la réalité.
The weak and the powerful: a longue-durée and comprehensive perspective on diasporas
Authors: Hoerder Dirk
Published: October 2015

The essay examines the model case, the stateless Jewish diaspora, and asks why a dispersed powerful people like “the” Romans is not analyzed as diaspora. Do people, who establish institutions of rule far from their core and mythical place of origin, Rome in Italy in this case, and who impose their power, not form diasporas? Other ethnic, professional, and religious groups established diasporic connectivity: the Normans, men and women of Christian faith, Indian Ocean merchants as well as, from mid-15th century the Southeast Asian “Chinese” It is argued that specific socio-economic rather than ethno-cultural groups from specific locations form translocal rather than transnational communities and engage in cultural transformations along the routes.
Des sciences et des savoirs en mouvement : réflexions historiographiques et enjeux méthodologiques
Authors: Romano Antonella
Published: October 2015

Interroger mobilité et circulations dans l’étude des sciences relève de questionnaires récents, en relation avec les mutations profondes qui ont affecté le domaine traditionnellement désigné sous le label d’histoire des sciences. Il a en effet fallu s’intéresser aux acteurs qui la font, à leurs pratiques, aux types de communication qu’ils fabriquent et négocient, bref à l’analyse des savoirs comme processus, pour saisir du mouvement ou des déploiements spatiaux, qui ont pu en être constitutifs. Avant qu’émerge cette nouvelle sensibilité historiographique, les sciences étaient davantage étudiées en fonction de leur universalité dont rendait compte l’essor de la science moderne. L’article explore les multiples voies par lesquelles se recompose aujourd’hui un agenda de travail qui invite à repenser, au-delà de la science et des savoirs, les relations de l’Europe et du monde entre le xvie et le xviiie siècle, les relations entre les sciences sociales aujourd’hui.
« Ne formez pas avec les infidèles d’attelage disparate ». L’enjeu matrimonial dans les diasporas des xvie-xviiie siècles
Authors: Muchnik Natalia
Published: October 2015

Cet article se propose d’analyser les pratiques matrimoniales des minorités religieuses dispersées dans l’Europe des xvie-xviiie siècles (huguenots, séfarades, jacobites, etc.). Il montre notamment que le mariage constitue, à l’échelle diasporique, un moyen de lier les différentes implantations communautaires entre elles et avec la terre d’origine et assure également une forme de cohésion socio-culturelle. À l’échelle locale, le choix du conjoint est bien entendu crucial, tant pour le maintien du groupe qu’en termes d’acculturation et d’assimilation. Le mariage constitue ainsi une pierre de touche de l’identité diasporique, entre autonomie et intégration.
Circulations culturelles et diasporas religieuses. Rome à l’époque moderne, un scénario multiethnique et multireligieux inattendu
Authors: Caffiero Marina
Published: October 2015

La Maison des Catéchumènes de Rome (1543) constitue un microcosme ou une « zone de contact » dans laquelle juifs et musulmans, désireux de se faire baptiser, vinrent d’Italie, du Levant et de l’Empire ottoman tout au long de l’époque moderne. Elle offre un angle de vue essentiel pour l’étude des transferts et des échanges économiques, culturels, physiques et symboliques. Souvent, toutefois, les acteurs de ce scénario multiethnique et multireligieux étaient très ambigus. Aussi posent-ils aux historiens des questions de grande ampleur et d’ordre général. Cet article se propose d’analyser la présence à Rome de musulmans, esclaves ou non, jusqu’alors inexplorée, alors même qu’elle permet de cerner leur stratégie d’insertion dans la Ville. D’une manière plus générale, la question centrale qui émerge de cette étude est celle de la politique papale à l’égard des minorités et du rôle de Rome comme espace de communication et d’échange, dans lequel la question de l’altérité religieuse se règle d’une manière totalement contraire à celle choisie en Espagne, l’expulsion.
Assimilation et intégration dans le refuge huguenot (fin xviie-xviiie siècles) : Nouvelles possibilités, nouvelles méthodologies
Authors: Yardeni Myriam
Published: October 2015

Dès les années vingt du siècle dernier, une série de modes passagères, des « mini-révolutions », ont changé la conception et l’écriture de l’histoire et les approches méthodologiques. On peut suivre ces développements par la recherche sur l’émigration, l’assimilation et l’intégration. Grâce aux changements survenus dans le domaine de l’histoire culturelle, on peut saisir désormais ce qui distingue l’assimilation, (un phénomène d’accommodation et d’acculturation), de l’intégration (qui est un processus économique social et politique), distinction établie depuis longtemps dans le langage parlé. Ce phénomène s’est déroulé parallèlement ou à un rythme totalement différent.
Entre deux empires. Circulation, stratégies et difficultés d’un Valencien dans le Saint Empire au début du xviie siècle
Authors: Bourdeu Étienne
Published: October 2015

Noble d’origine valencienne et membre de l’ordre de Malte, Baltasar Marradas (1560-1638) devient au début du xviie siècle un général au service de l’empereur, tout en maintenant des liens étroits avec la monarchie espagnole. Cet exemple de circulation entre deux empires, hispanique et germanique, permet d’analyser la question de la naturalité définie non comme une origine mais comme un service. De même, il met en évidence les stratégies d’un individu tirant parti de deux espaces et de son intégration dans différents réseaux pour se construire une position sociale.
Les Silva Guedes sur l’île de Mozambique : transmigration et processus d’intégration pendant la transition du xviiie au xixe siècle
Authors: Bastião Maria
Published: October 2015

Cette étude porte sur le parcours de João da Silva Guedes sur l’Île de Mozambique à la charnière des xviiie et xixe siècles à propos de ses stratégies familiales, patrimoniales et commerciales. D’une part, le contexte politique et socio-économique de la région et la colonisation portugaise sont présentés : le cadre social préexistant et les réformes adoptées par la couronne portugaise pendant la chronologie mentionnée. D’autre part, le cas de Silva Guedes est mis en avant pour mieux comprendre les stratégies générales d’incorporation d’individus externes à la société insulaire.
« Diaspora » des Indiens des Andes et « dénaturalisation » des Indiens de l’Araucanie. Deux cas d’immigration et de catégorisation indiennes dans la formation du Chili colonial
Authors: Valenzuela Márquez Jaime
Published: October 2015

Depuis la conquête de l’Amérique, les Espagnols se sont servis de la migration des peuples indigènes pour soutenir la logistique de leurs expéditions. C’est ainsi que beaucoup d’Indiens des Andes sont arrivés au Chili. Ils se sont installés et intégrés, en créant une migration qui, malgré le déracinement initial, a gardé ses conditions diasporiques en créant une sorte de réethnification du peuple andin. D’une part, lorqu’ils ont été confrontés à l’hostilité des natifs, les Espagnols ont mis en place des formes radicales de migration forcée : l’enlèvement et la déportation des rebelles — un système d’esclavage légal. Ceci est arrivé, par exemple, avec la « dénaturalisation » des Mapuches du Chili du sud.Cette étude prend en compte les phénomènes d’une migration forcée, le déplacement, l’installation et la catégorisation de ces immigrants indiens comme une partie constitutive de la société coloniale chilienne.
Les « Indiens chinois » vinateros de Colima. Processus d’insertion sociale dans les haciendas de palmes du xviie siècle
Authors: Machuca Paulina
Published: October 2015

Comment et à travers quels mécanismes les « Indiens chinois vinateros » ont-ils réussi à s’insérer dans les haciendas de palma de beneficio dans la province de Colima (occident de l’actuel Mexique), au long du xviie siècle ? Dans un premier temps, l’article traite des aspects sociaux de cette population immigré asiatique, comme ses origines géographiques, sa localisation à Colima, son statut juridique, son activité de vinateros. Dans un second temps, il explique les différents mécanismes d’insertion socio-économique de ces individus dans l’économie coloniale des haciendas.
Prise en compte de la pluralité des mémoires d’habitants dans la « patrimonialisation » des grands ensembles
Authors: Kaddour Rachid
Published: October 2015

La réflexion porte sur Montchovet et Beaulieu, deux des quatre grands ensembles contrastés du sud-est de Saint-Étienne. Un schéma directeur d’ensemble y est mis en œuvre en deux volets. Il prévoit d’une part la démolition de Montchovet suite à sa paupérisation au long des années 1980. Il fait d’autre part de Beaulieu, encore socialement mixte, un emblème d’une certaine idée initiale de l’habitat social pour tous, mais aussi un modèle pour une réhabilitation, aux sens matériel et juridique du terme, des autres grands ensembles. Ce retour aux sources participe d’une « patrimonialisation ». Mais celle-ci fait une place inégale aux différentes mémoires d’habitants : celles des plus anciens locataires, aux profils ouvriers ou de catégories moyennes, sont récupérées et valorisées, alors que celles des habitants les plus précaires sont délaissées.
Commerce de détail et changement social urbain : immigration, gentrification, déclin
Authors: Berroir Sandrine , Clerval Anne , Delage Matthieu , Fleury Antoine , Fol Sylvie , Giroud Matthieu , Raad Lina , Weber Serge
Published: October 2015

Les commerces sont à la fois des marqueurs et des vecteurs du changement social dans les villes. Au sein des quartiers populaires centraux ou péricentraux, ils peuvent en particulier accompagner le processus de gentrification ou bien être menacés par elle, d’autant que, de plus en plus, des politiques de renouvellement urbain s’intéressent à la programmation commerciale. Une incursion partielle dans la littérature de différentes disciplines (géographie, économie, sociologie, ethnologie) montre que leur rôle est ambivalent et révèle les contradictions des opérations menant au changement social de ces quartiers. Les commerces sont en effet au cœur des rapports de force à l’œuvre dans la « reconquête » urbaine.
Critical Care in Critical Access Hospitals
Authors: Seright Teresa J. , Winters Charlene A.
Published: October 2015

What began as a grant-funded demonstration project, as a means of bridging the gap in rural health care, has developed into a critical access hospital system comprising 1328 facilities across 45 states. A critical access hospital is not just a safety net for health care in a rural community. Such hospitals may also provide specialized services such as same-day surgery, infusion therapy, and intensive care. For hospitals located near the required minimum of 35 miles from a tertiary care center, management of critically ill patients may be a matter of stabilization and transfer. Critical access hospitals in more rural areas are often much farther from tertiary care; some of these hospitals are situated within frontier areas of the United States. This article describes the development of critical access hospitals, provision of care and services, challenges to critical care in critical access hospitals, and suggestions to address gaps in research and collaborative care.
Caring for Patients Treated With Therapeutic Hypothermia
Authors: Mathiesen Claranne , McPherson Denise , Ordway Carolyn , Smith Maureen
Published: October 2015

Numerous studies have indicated that therapeutic hypothermia can improve neurological outcomes after cardiac arrest. This treatment has redefined care after resuscitation and offers an aggressive intervention that may mitigate postresuscitation syndrome. Caregivers at Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, Pennsylvania, an academic, community Magnet hospital, treated more than 200 patients with therapeutic hypothermia during an 8-year period. An interprofessional team within the hospital developed, implemented, and refined a clinical practice guideline for therapeutic hypothermia. In their experience, beyond a protocol, 5 critical elements of success (interprofessional stakeholders, coordination of care delivery, education, interprofessional case analysis, and participation in a global database) enhanced translation into clinical practice.
Safety First! Using a Checklist for Intrafacility Transport of Adult Intensive Care Patients
Authors: Comeau Odette Y. , Armendariz-Batiste Josette , Woodby Scott A.
Published: October 2015

Background

Adult critical care patients in an academic medical center experienced adverse events during intrafacility transport resulting from lack of preparation. An intervention was needed to help keep patients safe during intrafacility transport.

Objective

To develop a checklist for transport that is easy to use and effective in preparing patients for transport.

Method

A checklist was developed and implemented. Elements of the checklist include preparation of the patient before transport, screening of patients for criteria that may place them at higher risk during transport, and a checklist for the procedural site.

Results

From May 2011 through July 2014, 2506 transports were conducted. Of these, 97.6% (n = 2445) involved no reported complications.

Conclusion

This tool is suitable for bedside clinicians to use when preparing patients for transport.
Primal spaces and quasihomeomorphisms
Authors: Haouati Afef , Lazaar Sami
Published: October 2015

In [3], the author has introduced the notion of primal spaces.
The present paper is devoted to shedding some light on relations between quasihomeomorphisms and primal spaces.

Given a quasihomeomorphism q from X to Y , where X and Y are principal spaces, we are concerned specically with a main problem: what additional conditions have to be imposed on q in order to render X (resp.Y ) primal when Y (resp.X) is primal.
Lebesgue quasi-uniformity on textures
Authors: Ozcag Selma
Published: October 2015

This is a continuation of the work where the notions
 of Lebesgue uniformity and Lebesgue quasi uniformity in a
texture space were introduced. It is  well known that the quasi
uniform space with a compact topology has the Lebesgue property.
This result is extended to direlational quasi uniformities and
dual dicovering quasi uniformities. Additionally we discuss the
completeness of lebesgue di-uniformities and dual dicovering
lebesgue di-uniformities.
Pricing as a Risky Choice: Uncertainty and Survival in a Monopoly Market
Authors: Andersen Per , Vetter Henrik
Published: October 2015

Roy (Safety First and the Holding of Assets,1952) argues that decisions under uncertainty motivate firms to avoid bankruptcy. In this paper, the authors ask about the behaviour of a monopolist who pre-commits to price when she has only probabilistic knowledge about demand. They argue that pricing in order to maximise the likelihood of survival explains anomalies such as inelastic pricing, why the firm takes on more risk as gains become less likely, and asymmetric responses to demand and cost changes. When demand is a linear demand, the monopolist’s response to an increase in the marginal cost is similar to the response when mark-up pricing is used. That is, there is a one-to-one relationship between an increase of the marginal cost and an increase in price.
The nature of organic carbon in density-fractionated sediments in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (California)
Authors: Wakeham S. G. , Canuel E. A.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Rivers are the primary means by which sediments and carbon are transported from the terrestrial biosphere to the oceans but gaps remain in our understanding of carbon associations from source to sink. Bed sediments from the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (CA) were fractionated according to density and analyzed for sediment mass distribution, elemental (C and N) composition, mineral surface area, and stable carbon and radiocarbon isotope compositions of organic carbon (OC) and fatty acids to evaluate the nature of organic carbon in river sediments. OC was unevenly distributed among density fractions. Mass and TOC were in general concentrated in mesodensity (1.6–2.0 and 2.0–2.5 g cm−3) fractions, comprising 84.0 ± 1.3 % of total sediment mass and 80.8 ± 13.3 % of total OC (TOC). Low density (< 1.6 g cm−3) material, although rich in OC (34.0 ± 2.0 % OC) due to woody debris, constituted only 17.3 ± 12.8 % of TOC. High density (> 2.5 g cm−3) organic-poor, mineral material made-up 13.7 ± 1.4 % of sediment mass and 2.0 ± 0.9 % of TOC. Stable carbon isotope compositions of sedimentary OC were relatively uniform across bulk and density fractions (δ13C −27.4 ± 0.5 ‰). Radiocarbon content varied from Δ14C values of −382 (radiocarbon age 3800 yr BP) to +94 ‰ (modern) indicating a~mix of young and pre-aged OC. Fatty acids were used to further constrain the origins of sedimentary OC. Short-chain n-C14–n-C18 fatty acids of algal origin were depleted in δ13C (δ13C −37.5 to −35.2 ‰) but were enriched in 14C (Δ14C > 0) compared to long-chain n-C24–n-C28 acids of vascular plant origins with higher δ13C (−33.0 to −31.0 ‰) but variable Δ14C values (−180 and 61 ‰). These data demonstrate the potentially complex source and age distributions found within river sediments and provide insights about sediment and organic matter supply to the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta.
Orbital control on late Miocene climate and the North African monsoon: insight from an ensemble of sub-precessional simulations
Authors: Marzocchi A. , Lunt D. J. , Flecker R. , Bradshaw C. D. , Farnsworth A. , Hilgen F. J.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Orbital forcing is a key climate driver over multi-millennial timescales. In particular, monsoon systems are thought to be driven by orbital cyclicity, especially by precession. Here, we analyse the impact of orbital forcing on global climate with a particular focus on the North African monsoon, by carrying out an ensemble of 22 equally spaced (one every 1000 years) atmosphere–ocean–vegetation simulations using the HadCM3L model, covering one full late Miocene precession-driven insolation cycle with varying obliquity (between 6.568 and 6.589 Ma). The simulations only differ in their prescribed orbital parameters, which vary realistically for the selected time period. We have also carried out two modern-orbit control experiments, one with late Miocene and one with present-day palaeogeography, and two additional sensitivity experiments for the orbital extremes with varying CO2 forcing. Our results highlight the high sensitivity of the North African summer monsoon to orbital forcing, with strongly intensified precipitation during the precession minimum, leading to a northward penetration of vegetation up to ~ 21° N. The modelled summer monsoon is also moderately sensitive to palaeogeography changes, but it has a low sensitivity to atmospheric CO2 concentration between 280 and 400 ppm. Our simulations allow us to explore the climatic response to orbital forcing not only for the precession extremes but also on sub-precessional timescales. We demonstrate the importance of including orbital variability in model–data comparison studies, because doing so partially reduces the mismatch between the late Miocene terrestrial proxy record and model results. Failure to include orbital variability could also lead to significant miscorrelations in temperature-based proxy reconstructions for this time period, because of the asynchronicity between maximum (minimum) surface air temperatures and minimum (maximum) precession in several areas around the globe. This is of particular relevance for the North African regions, which have previously been identified as optimal areas to target for late Miocene palaeodata acquisition.
A 3-D RBF-FD solver for modeling the atmospheric global electric circuit with topography (GEC-RBFFD v1.0)
Authors: Bayona V. , Flyer N. , Lucas G. M. , Baumgaertner A. J. G.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. A numerical model based on radial basis function-generated finite differences (RBF-FD) is developed for simulating the global electric circuit (GEC) within the Earth's atmosphere, represented by a 3-D variable coefficient linear elliptic partial differential equation (PDE) in a spherically shaped volume with the lower boundary being the Earth's topography and the upper boundary a sphere at 60 km. To our knowledge, this is (1) the first numerical model of the GEC to combine the Earth's topography with directly approximating the differential operators in 3-D space and, related to this, (2) the first RBF-FD method to use irregular 3-D stencils for discretization to handle the topography. It benefits from the mesh-free nature of RBF-FD, which is especially suitable for modeling high-dimensional problems with irregular boundaries. The RBF-FD elliptic solver proposed here makes no limiting assumptions on the spatial variability of the coefficients in the PDE (i.e., the conductivity profile), the right hand side forcing term of the PDE (i.e., distribution of current sources) or the geometry of the lower boundary.
Infant and young child feeding practices among marginalized populations of Odisha, state in India
Authors: Kar Sonali , Bhattacharjee Sourav , Samantaray PC , Biswal Seba
Published: October 2015

A global strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) was issued jointly by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) in 2002, to reverse the disturbing trends in infant and young child feeding practices. This stands out as an extremely cost-effective and extremely advantageous method to bring down the infant and child mortality and morbidity especially in developing countries like India.Odisha, one of the states in India, records just 50% of exclusive breast feeding practice as reported in National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-6) and also accounts for one of the highest Infant Mortality Rates in the country. Hence the current studywas planned jointly by the Nutrition wing of UNICEF and Odisha Voluntary Health Association (OVHA), a Nongovernmental Organization which works for health programs in the state. A baseline study to assess Infant Feeding Practices thus was plannedfor 7 districts of the state and sampled so as to adequately represent the marginalized population of the state. A detailed questionnaire with information on sociodemographic parameters of the study population and questions that elicited informationon the infant and child feeding practices was designed and pretested in a sample population and a team of supervisors and data collectors were trained for the purpose. The study revealed district level data on the infant young child feeding practices in the state. Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF) was calculated as 48% and early initiation of breast feeding was nearly 46%. The feeding indicators calculated for 6-23 months age group were of greater concern as minimum dietary diversity is reported 27.4% and minimum meal frequency is 29%. In spite ofthe provision of iron syrup and iron folic acid tablets under the flagship program of the country, that is, National Rural Health Mission, for 6-59 months children, the consumption of iron fortified foods is reported as only 6.8%. This could be the cause ofhigh level of morbidity reported in under five in the state. The data was presented to the state program managers inorder to prioritize the problem areas and take requisite steps at the district level to improve the IYCF indicators in their respective states.
The other in the philosophy from the same side of absolute
Authors: Petrović Aleksandar
Published: October 2015

In this paper we take in consideration the ways of the constitution of the human 'Self' in the shapes of cogital moments of constitution, where is requested a place of his coming to be and domestication. On a call of the Other, I (myself) have a meeting with him and I am coming into the world with a wellcoming. The question of freedom is positioned as a question of identity that is coming from the meeting with the Other, and from the moral of good will, who makes a modern subject as a most shining in a heritrage of a humanity.
The acculturation of society and law as the condition and consequence of codification
Authors: Aksić Sava
Published: October 2015

The Law can not only support the changes in society but also make the possibilities for changes, or even to be the main social mechanism for changes in society, and that kind of law will be progressive Law. During the modernization of the Law its structure becomes clearer, composition of norms becomes unambiguous and notions become clear. The application of this kind of Law is not complicated and therefore it is not difficult, so that the layman can apply this law. The codification is the process in which many related branches of Law became one law. That means to harmonize norms and technically arrange norms from many related branches of Law. The codification is consequence that social and political stability has on legal order, which means that codification is legal verification of established social order. Codification brings the Law on a higher notional and technical level and at the same time codified Law becomes the base for further development of law.
Grey economy, crisis and transition in Serbia
Authors: Novaković Nada
Published: October 2015

In this article the author uses a sociological approach to the study of the gray economy in a society in transition, i.e. the Serbian society. A special emphasis is placed on the socio-economic development from 2007 to 2012. This is the time just before the onset of the global economic crisis, and its deepening and expansion. In Serbia, the privatization and transition of society had just terminated. The main thesis of this paper is that the main factors of the emergence and spread of the shadow economy are primarily of domestic origin. The world crisis gave them just a special stamp. The most important factors of gray economy are systemic in nature. These are the following: the inherent nature of the state transition, the selected and implemented concept of privatization and, finally, the character of Serbian political and economic elites. They form the core of the new capitalist class in Serbia, which is dependent on the international centers of financial, political and military power. The concept of the underground, gray economy refers to the following: unauthorized activities outside the law and norms of business, avoidance of tax and other obligations, bribery and corruption. The author emphasized the multidimensionality of the gray economy and attempted to interdisciplinary approach its study. Therefore, he used a large array of data: economic, demographic and historical. Special attention was paid to the results of sociological research on the structure of society, inequality, unemployment and poverty of citizens. The first part lists the most important systemic factors of growth of gray economy in Serbia. They are numerous, but the article focuses on the following: 1. the neo-liberal model of social transition; 2. the model of 'shock' privatization of the social assets; 3. the collapse of the welfare state and the dwindling of acquired economic and social rights; 4. the influence of the 'international community'; 5. the low activity and employment rate; 6. mass unemployment; 7. the low rate of labor productivity; 8. the absence of the rule of law for an efficient functioning of the market economy; 9. restrictive labor and social legislation; 10. the tax system; 11. the poverty of the (un)employed population and 12. the systemic violation of civil and business ethics (bribery and corruption). Each of these phenomena are explained, described and compared to regional and world data. The second part focuses on the most important winners and losers of the existence of gray economy in a society in transition. It lists the most important positive and negative consequences of participation in the informal economy for individuals, social groups and society as a whole. It describes the scope and types of activities of the gray economy in total employment, GDP growth, the impact on inflation, inequality, the country's debt. It points out the advantages and disadvantages of illegal activities for entrepreneurs, employees, the state and society as a whole.
Quo vadit psychologia: A philosophia vel ad philosophiam?
Authors: Todorović Milorad
Published: October 2015

Where is psychology heading: away from philosophy or towards it? It seems that psychology itself had to thematize, inter alia, both scope and consequences of its 'separation and individuation' from philosophy and its own philosophical origins. Instead of having a philosophical context, within which the previous psychological knowledge existed, the contemporary psychology has been left to metaphysics, meta-technique and mathematization for the purposes of its growth as an empirical science, extolling the scientific method conceived as a method of positive science, and loosing thus both its 'soul' and the soul as a proper object of study. Its avoidance to use the word 'soul' might be the best testimony thereof. Contemporary psychology - as an essentially anti-philosophical psychology - has placed the 'psychological' in the physical, otorhinolaryngological or ophthalmological content, researching mostly only simple empirical relations. Such a psychology goes against its proper interests precisely because its anti-philosophical orientation reduces its research object to a physical fact prepared to enter exclusively mathematical operations. As opposed to that, a psychology maintaining its relationship with philosophy would itself be an experience, instead of being a mere theory. In place of psychology focusing on life itself, as Heidegger suggested, and not only on sensations, impressions based on touch, and memory factors, that what has been happening is exactly the opposite. If psychology was to examine life in its entire reality, it certainly wouldn't be forced to become the true philosophy, but the philosophical approach would only contribute to increased critical and comprehensive nature of psychological research. The manner in which the academic psychology perceives both individual functions and the subject himself provides a sound indicator of these 'partial' objects of cognition. Those, in turn, as partial perspectives of psychological knowledge, inevitably lead to a multitude of psychologies. Only philosophy can represent the common denominator containing the need for creation of a unique science which does not imply the reduction of Multitude to One, but instead implies the forbearance of such theoretical 'outbursts' of prejudices against the concepts of 'mental entities' and 'psychic processes' that have characterized behaviorism. If Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari can pose a question about what philosophy is, then the psychologists could pose the same question. Especially since they could receive significant assistance from philosophy 'as a skill of notion forming, inventing and production' (according to the teachings of Guattari and Deleuze, among others).
Passionate patriotism or European enslavement
Authors: Manić Mihajlo
Published: October 2015

The study A passionate patriotism or European enslavement, from the eminent professor Petar Anđelković, represents another attempt by this author to analyze the Serbian society in the context of its development. This book is a logical continuation of his essay published in 2013, Serbian Society-without past, what is our present?, and represents a symbiosis of texts that the author has already published and in which he addresses the very relevant questions of Serbia's relations with the new world order and with the inevitable role of the European Union, as an existential challenge to the very existence of the Serbian society.
Parliamentary elections in the srez of Berane in 1925 and 1927
Authors: Virijević Vladan , Deletić Zdravko
Published: October 2015

During the second half of the 20s in the last century political circumstances in Berane and its narrow gravitational area were known by constant rivalry between two civil political parties where the National Radical Party and the Yugoslav Democratic Party as well as the new Independent Democratic Party that was formed after the split of the Yugoslav Democratic Party, were the most influential ones within the Serbian national corps. Some new party lists - the Association of Peasants and the Yugoslav Muslim Organization appeared for the first time during the elections in 1925 and 1927 while they were not part of the organized elections in the first half of the 20s. Moreover, the electoral struggles were also characterized by the appearance of 'factionary' party lists of candidates that were emphasized by certain local political leaders who were guided by their own ambitions, in spite of the orientation of the party headquarters especially among 'democrats'. The common characteristics of the elections in 1925 and 1927 were that they took part in the environment which did not have the developed tradition of political organizing, and then it was considered as the undeveloped agricultural area without economic, financial subjects or cultural institutions that could influence the content of campaign and the results of elections more seriously. In the area of district political parties that were active in the country competed with each other, while the individuals, who did not live in this area nor were even born in this region, were often members of these lists and had mandates. Furthermore, there was the separation of voters and also different lists from the same party were presented several times. The followers of Muhammad had recognizable profiled candidates and lists but it can be proved that religious differences were not the obstacle for becoming a candidate in the parties as well as in their common lists. The results of the elections in 1925 left Berane and its surrounding without 'its' Member of Parliament. Although Pavle Čubrović, the representative of the 'dissident list' of the Democratic Party, won the most votes, the fact that most voters elected the radicals' lists of candidates during the elections, decreased the importance of his result. However, two years later the result of the elections was completely different - the list of candidates of the Democratic Party won all three mandates for the Member of Parliament during the elections and therefore Čubrović became the Member of Parliament for the second time.
Youth aspirations for integration of Old Serbia into influential social and cultural circles of Europe before the Balkan Wars
Authors: Stanojević Saša
Published: October 2015

This paper deals with the engagement of Serbian youth in social change placed in the context of critical historical events related to time before liberation of the area of Old Serbia in the Balkan Wars. Based on the testimony of some contemporaries and selected historiographical literature, article presents an analysis of the youth activities of the late 19th and especially at the beginning of the 20th century, which indicates its distinct and specific contribution to the cultural emancipation. A characteristic of the new era, with the idea of national liberation, it's a growing openness to European culture. In such a way, the primary military and political objective which is engaged Serbian youth naturally found in the same plane with the efforts of the Serbian government, an important task related and redirect these areas from lethargy of the archaic Ottoman Empire to modern European social and cultural sphere of influence. The ultimate self-sacrificing youth, guided by the most sincere convictions, was the element that is the fulfillment of the various activities of this national mission given particular impulse.
Romeo and Juliet: Play about love and death
Authors: Andrejević Ana
Published: October 2015

In the play Romeo and Juliet, which has become the synonym for the love tragedy, death is represented as the ultimate, all-consuming, and almost nihilistic power that cannot be conquered even by the most pure and passionate love. But, its devastating effect is reduced by the strong, transcendent, and the idealistic vision of love of the two young creatures who became immortal as the materialistic golden monuments, due to the power of the eternal art and the word of Shakespeare. Presenting it in the traditional frame of the Dance of Death and memento mori iconography, Shakespeare is showing us the different aspects of the Renaissance thought of death. The older generation sees it as the natural progression of life that cannot and must not stop everyday activities, but the younger hopes to find in death the salvation and escape from the insupportable and pragmatic world. Although there are religiously guided thoughts about life after death in the play, secular statements about death as a flight from the unbearable reality and the cure for the impossible love are more present. Even suicide is not conventionally represented as the sinful and devilish enterprise that must be condemned, but as the sacrifice and radical attempt to protect and preserve love. Shakespeare makes his lovers the owners of death, despite the rigid patriarchal effort to control both life and its opposite force. Love of Romeo and Juliet thus becomes victorious in death.
O poder dos candomblés: perseguição e resistência no Recôncavo da Bahia
Authors: Ferreira Santos Edmar
Published: October 2015

Nos tempos atuais de crescente visibilidade pública dos candomblés, dos seus registros nos livros de tombo e da retórica de preservação dos patrimônios culturais afro-brasileiros, não resulta supérfluo lançar um olhar atento para um passado não tão remoto em que tais práticas de matriz africana eram ora silenciadas, ora perseguidas e depreciadas porquanto identificadas com atraso e desvio dos modelos civilizatórios europeus. Se esse olhar retrospectivo resulta salutar ao constatar o quanto se avançou, ele também nos alerta para o quanto ainda se precisa avançar, pois os discursos da intolerância religiosa de ontem se alastram até hoje, embora em novos púlpitos, com os mesmos efeitos perniciosos. Nesse sentido, o livro de Edmar Ferreira Santos atinge uma meta que qualquer pesquisa em história social pode almejar: a de nos permitir compreender em detalhe a complexidade do passado para, através dele, iluminar os paradoxos do presente (trecho retirado do Prefácio do livro).
Timing of hysterectomy surgery during the menstrual cycle--impact of menstrual cycle phase on rate of complications: preliminary study
Authors: Baron David A , Hardie Thomas , Leventhal Jeanne L , Della Badia Carl R
Published: October 2015

To determine the relationship between the timing of a hysterectomy performed during the menstrual cycle phase and the postoperative complication rate in women who had undergone surgery for dysfunctional uterine bleeding, the authors .examined the charts of 24 patients for the 3-month period immediately after the hysterectomy. Twelve of the women were in the follicular phase, and 12 were in the luteal phase at the time they had undergone the hysterectomy. Patients were classified by operative pathology report. No significant differences (P ~ 0.05) were found between the two groups with respect to age, weight, para status, pathology, preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin levels, operation time, blood loss, days before return to full functioning, days in hospital, and uterine morphology. Further prospective studies with longer follow-up time are needed to obtain more conclusive indications regarding the optimal timing of hysterectomy during the menstrual cycle.
Atopic dermatitis: A clinical review for the primary care physician
Authors: Walker Colleen , Craig Timothy C
Published: October 2015

Atopic dermatitis is a common disease, causing significant morbidity. The histology and cellular mechanisms suggest that atopic dermatitis is an atopic disease similar to asthma and allergic rhinitis, with helper T type 2 lymphocytes being atleast a component of the pathogenesis of the disease. Specific allergies, including food allergies, should be explored and treated. Treatment should be directed at increasing the patient's quality of life. Antihistamines, topical steroids, and lubricants are the keystones of therapy. In severe cases, oral steroids may be necessary but should be used sparingly. Interferon, cyclospocine, phototherapy, and immunosuppressive agents may be necessary in refractory cases. It appears that leukotriene inhibitors may have a future role in therapy. Clinical assessment and follow-up are important, as other atopic diseases such as asthma and allergic nasosinus disease may eventually develop in many of these patients.
The prevalence and anatomical characteristics of the accessory head of the flexor pollicis longus muscle: a meta-analysis
Authors: Roy Joyeeta , Henry Brandon M. , Pękala Przemysław A. , Vikse Jens , Ramakrishnan Piravin Kumar , Walocha Jerzy A. , Tomaszewski Krzysztof A.
Published: October 2015

Background and Objectives.The accessory head of the flexor pollicis longus muscle (AHFPL), also known as the Gantzer’s muscle, was first described in 1813. The prevalence rates of an AHFPL significantly vary between studies, and no consensus has been reached on the numerous variations reported in its origin, innervation, and relationships to the Anterior Interosseous Nerve (AIN) and the Median Nerve (MN). The aim of our study was to determine the true prevalence of AHFPL and to study its associated anatomical characteristics.

Methods.A search of the major electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science was performed to identify all articles reporting data on the prevalence of AHPFL in the population. No date or language restriction was set. Additionally, an extensive search of the references of all relevant articles was performed. Data on the prevalence of the AHFPL in upper limbs and its anatomical characteristics and relationships including origin, insertion, innervation, and position was extracted and pooled into a meta-analysis using MetaXL version 2.0.

Results.A total of 24 cadaveric studies (n= 2,358 upper limb) were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of an AHFPL was 44.2% (95% CI [0.347–0.540]). An AHFPL was found more commonly in men than in women (41.1% vs. 24.1%), and was slightly more prevalent on the right side than on the left side (52.8% vs. 45.2%). The most common origin of the AHFPL was from the medial epicondyle of the humerus with a pooled prevalence of 43.6% (95% CI [0.166–0.521]). In most cases, the AHFPL inserted into the flexor pollicis longus muscle (94.6%, 95% CI [0.731–1.0]) and was innervated by the AIN (97.3%, 95% CI [0.924–0.993]).

Conclusion.The AHFPL should be considered as more a part of normal anatomy than an anatomical variant. The variability in its anatomical characteristics, and its potential to cause compression of the AIN and MN, must be taken into account by physicians to avoid iatrogenic injury during decompression procedures and to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of Anterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome.
Measuring the well-being of health care professionals in the Punjab: a psychometric evaluation of the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale in a Pakistani population
Authors: Waqas Ahmed , Ahmad Waqas , Haddad Mark , Taggart Frances M. , Muhammad Zerwah , Bukhari Muhammad Hamza , Sami Shahzad Ahmed , Batool Sayyeda Mehak , Najeeb Fiza , Hanif Ayesha , Rizvi Zehra Ali , Ejaz Sumbul
Published: October 2015

Background.There is growing awareness of the public health importance of mental well-being both in the general population and in specific groups. The well-being of health professionals is likely to influence the quality of the care they deliver. This study was carried out to examine the well-being of Pakistani healthcare professionals, and to evaluate the psychometric performance of the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) in this population.

Methods.A cross-sectional survey was carried out from June, 2013 to December, 2014 among 1,271 Pakistani health care providers (HCPs) working in seven different cities in Punjab province, Pakistan, to examine the acceptability, internal consistency, test-retest reliability and content and construct validity of the English version of the WEMWBS in a Pakistani population sample. All data were analyzed in SPSS v. 21.

Results.Our analysis demonstrated unidimensional construct validity, high internal consistency (0.89) and test-retest reliability, good validity and easy readability of WEMWBS in our sample of Pakistani HCPs. The mean WEMWBS score was 48.1 (SD 9.4), which is lower than in the general population in other countries. Male HCPs scored significantly higher on the WEMWBS than their female counterparts (P< 0.05), and older respondents had higher scores.

Conclusion.The WEMWBS appears acceptable for use in Pakistani HCPs, and findings from this study verify its validity and internal consistency for this population sample. Our respondents had lower well-being scores than those reported in general population surveys in the UK.
Risk factors and prognosis of hypoalbuminemia in surgical septic patients
Authors: Sun Jia-Kui , Sun Fang , Wang Xiang , Yuan Shou-Tao , Zheng Shu-Yun , Mu Xin-Wei
Published: October 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors of hypoalbuminemia and effects of different albumin levels on the prognosis of surgical septic patients. We preformed a retrospective clinical study including 135 adult patients from September 2011 to June 2014. The albumin levels and severity markers were recorded during the first 48 h after enrollment, and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors. The outcomes of patients with different albumin levels were also compared. The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score (OR 1.786, 95% CI [1.379–2.314],P< 0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR 1.016, 95% CI [1.005–1.027],P= 0.005), and blood lactate (OR 1.764, 95% CI [1.141–2.726],P= 0.011) were established as the independent risk factors of hypoalbuminemia in patients with surgical sepsis. The severity markers and outcomes of patients with albumin levels ≤20 g/L were significantly worse than that of 21–25 g/L and ≥26 g/L, whereas the latter two groups had similar prognosis. Every 1 g/L decrease of albumin level below the optimal cut-off (23 g/L) was associated with a 19.4% increase in hospital mortality and a 28.7% increase in the incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. In conclusion, APACHE II score (≥14.5), CRP (≥34.25 mg/L), and blood lactate (≥.35 mmol/L) were established as the independent risk factors of hypoalbuminemia in the early stage of surgical sepsis. Patients with baseline albumin level ≤20 g/L had worse prognosis than that of albumin level ≥21 g/L. Albumin levels were negatively correlated the prognosis of surgical sepsis when below about 23 g/L.