bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Data Processing with Memristor Crossbar‐Array‐Based Graph Reservoir
Authors: Jang Yoon Ho , Lee Soo Hyung , Han Janguk , Kim Woohyun , Shim Sung Keun , Cheong Sunwoo , Woo Kyung Seok , Han Joon‐Kyu , Hwang Cheol Seong
Published: October 2023

Memristor‐based physical reservoir computing (RC) is a robust framework for processing complex spatiotemporal data parallelly. However, conventional memristor‐based reservoirs cannot capture the spatial relationship between the time‐varying inputs due to the specific mapping scheme assigning one input signal to one memristor conductance. Here, a physical “graph reservoir” is introduced using a metal cell at the diagonal‐crossbar array (mCBA) with dynamic self‐rectifying memristors. Input and inverted input signals are applied to the word and bit lines of the mCBA, respectively, storing the correlation information between input signals in the memristors. In this way, the mCBA graph reservoirs can map the spatiotemporal correlation of the input data in a high‐dimensional feature space. The high‐dimensional mapping characteristics of the graph reservoir achieve notable results, including a normalized root‐mean‐square error of 0.09 in Mackey–Glass time series prediction, a 97.21% accuracy in MNIST recognition, and an 80.0% diagnostic accuracy in human connectome classification.
Universal Wet‐Chemistry‐Methods Synthesized Novel Halide‐Intercalated Perovskites with Reduced Exciton Confinement for Low‐Dose X‐ray Scintillation Imaging
Authors: Song Jiewu , Ran Peng , Liu Xiaolong , Mu Zhen , Du Fenqi , Gu Hao , He Lintao , Liang Chao , Xing Guichuan , Yang Yang (Michael) , Tao Xutang
Published: October 2023

X‐ray radiography, playing a crucial role in the daily life of humans, extends the application landscapes of perovskites. Lead halide perovskites remain superior candidates because of strong X‐ray absorption and effective conversion of X‐ray to visible photons. Unfortunately, the perovskites exhibiting efficient band‐edge emission (3D, quasi‐2D or 2D) usually suffer from severe self‐absorption, while the perovskites showing broadband emission with large Stokes shift (0D, 1D or 2D) usually have low quantum yield, long afterglow or poor solution‐processability. Halide‐intercalated perovskites, with incorporated halides in organic layers, exhibit attractive optoelectronic properties due to reduced confinement of excitons, but their development falls far behind due to limited molecular design strategies and wet‐chemistry methods. Here, the use of universal‐wet‐chemistry‐synthesized novel halide‐intercalated perovskites as an efficient X‐ray scintillator for X‐ray imaging is reported. These novel perovskites exhibit superior luminescence by exploiting both free and self‐trapped excitons via halide intercalation. Accordingly, such perovskite scintillators present higher radioluminescence performance compared with conventional perovskite scintillators through enhanced radiative recombination and suppressed self‐absorption simultaneously. With such a scintillator screen, high‐performance X‐ray imaging is demonstrated. The results not only represent a universal synthesis route for the development of perovskites, but also provide valuable guidance for high‐performance X‐ray radiography.
Cu‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Borylation‐Cross Coupling Reaction of Unactivated Alkenes to Borylated Indolines
Authors: Fan Lin , Yan Xinlong , Li Changjiang , Cao Yuxue , Liu Guodu
Published: October 2023

Cu‐catalyzed intramolecular borylation‐cross coupling reaction of alkenes was developed. Racemic and chiral borylated indolines were achieved by borylation‐cross coupling of alkenes with B2pin2 via simultaneous construction of C−C and C−B bonds by Cu/phosphine ligand system. With CuOAc and DPPE ligand, a series of 3‐substituted borylated indoline derivatives were concisely synthesized in good to excellent yields in short time under mild conditions. Asymmetric synthesis was investigated by ligand screening, and the chiral 3‐substituted borylated indoline was obtained in 80% yield and 80:20 er with (R, R)‐Me‐Duphos. Application of 3‐substituted borylated indolines has been demonstrated by a gram scale synthesis and further functionalization.
Desilylation‐Promoted Phosphine Catalysis: Intramolecular Annulation/Nucleophilic Addition Sequence of Trimethylsilylethynyl Benzoxazinanones with N‐Tosyl Imines
Authors: Jiang Feng , Zhong De , Wang Lan , Zhou Leijie , Wang Lei , Huang Jiaxing , Guo Hongchao
Published: October 2023

Under phosphine catalysis facilitated through desilylation, intramolecular annulation/nucleophilic addition of trimethylsilylethynyl benzoxazinanones with electron‐deficient imines or alkenes was achieved to afford a series of indole derivatives in moderate to high yields. The trimethylsilylethynyl benzoxazinanones without electron‐withdrawing group on the alkyne moiety functioned as phosphine acceptors. Notably, the distinctive desilylation activation played a key role in catalytic process. Particularly, those indole derivatives could be readily transformed into various biologically significant γ‐carboline compounds. The use of chiral phosphine achieved asymmetric reaction, leading to a 95% ee of product.
Recent Progress and Insights in the Design of Stable Sodium Metal Anodes
Authors: Li Tong , Gu Sichen , Lv Wei , Kang Feiyu
Published: October 2023

High‐energy sodium (Na)‐metal batteries have attracted considerable attention due to their high theoretical capacity and abundant Na resources. However, the development of room‐temperature Na metal anodes faces several significant challenges. First, the fragile solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and highly reactive nature of Na metal cause continuous consumption of electrolytes. Furthermore, Na dendrite growth is more vigorous than the Li counterpart due to the unstable SEI, leading to rapid decay in Coulombic efficiency and short‐circuit issues. Additionally, volume expansion and the generation of flammable gases during Na plating and stripping are significant issues in practical Na metal batteries. This review provides a comprehensive summary of proposed solutions aimed at addressing these problems, including electrolyte modification design, protective layer implementation, and structured Na‐metal anode development with the goal of achieving a stable interface, reversible Na plating/stripping processes, and a prolonged cycling lifespan. Furthermore, this review discusses the underlying principles behind these strategies while offering insights into future research directions.
Non‐Toxic and Stable Double Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Cs2AgSbX6 Light Harvester: First Principle Calculations‐Aided Theoretical Estimation
Authors: Alla Mohamed , Mishra Om P. , Wakale Girish R. , Choudhary Ekta , Manjunath Vishesh , Hossain Mohammad K. , Rouchdi Mustapha , Fares Boubker
Published: October 2023

Owing to the low long‐term stability and high toxicity, high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells are yet to be commercialized. Therefore, it is imperative to find a reliable and environmentally benign alternative perovskite light harvester. Herein, the study presents a non‐toxic double perovskite light harvester based on Cs2AgSbX6 (where X = Cl, Br, and I) as a substitute, which can render both high efficiency and long‐term durability. The optoelectronic properties of the Cs2AgSbX6 double perovskite light harvesters are investigated with the Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package (CASTEP) software package that is committed to density functional theory (DFT). The bandgap (indirect) tunability of Cs2AgSbX6 double perovskite light harvesters and associated changes in the density of states (DOS) are explored. The obtained results are further loaded as input to the SCAPS‐1D software package to assess the potential of Cs2AgSbX6 double perovskite solar cells. With the FTO/AZnO/Cs2AgSbX6/MoO3/rear contact device structure, the thickness and bulk defect density of the Cs2AgSbX6 light harvester have superior control over the performance of the double perovskite solar cells. The highest theoretical efficiency of ≈29.9% is estimated for the Cs2AgSbI6 light harvester. Additionally, the effectiveness of several prospective back electrodes is examined.
Solution‐Processed Semiconductor Materials as Cathode Interlayers for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Xiang Yanhe , Xu Bowei , Li Ying
Published: October 2023

Cathode interlayers (CILs) play a crucial role in improving the photovoltaic efficiency and stability of OSCs. CILs generally consists of two kinds of materials, interfacial dipole‐based CILs and SPS‐based CILs. With good charge transporting ability, excellent compatibility with large‐area processing methods, and highly tunable optoelectronic properties, the SPS‐based CILs exhibit remarkable superiorities to their interfacial dipole‐based counterparts in practical use, making them promising candidate in developing efficient CILs for OSCs. This mini‐review highlights the great potential of SPS‐based CILs in OSC applications and elucidates the working mechanism and material design strategy of SPS materials. Afterward, the SPS‐based CIL materials are summarized and discussed in four sections, including organic small molecules, conjugated polymers, nonconjugated polymers, and TMOs. The structure‐property‐performance relationship of SPS‐based CIL materials is revealed, which may provide readers new insight into the molecular design of SPS‐based CILs. The mechanisms to endow SPS‐based CILs with thickness insensitivity, resistance to environmental erosion, and photo‐electric conversion ability are also elucidated. Finally, after a brief summary, the remaining issues and the prospects of SPS‐based CILs are suggested.
Enabling Electrochemical–Mechanical Robustness of Ultra‐High Ni Cathode via Self‐Supported Primary‐Grain‐Alignment Strategy
Authors: Hou Yu‐Kun , Li Chenxi , Ren Dongsheng , He Feixiong , Zhuang Kaijun , Yin Shuo , Yuan Guohe , Wang Yiqiao , Guo Yi , Liu Saiyue , Sun Peng , Zhang Zhihua , Tan Tiening , Zhu Gaolong , Lu Languang , Liu Xiang , Ouyang Minggao
Published: October 2023

The electrochemical–mechanical degradation of ultrahigh Ni cathode for lithium‐ion batteries is a crucial aspect that limits the cycle life and safety of devices. Herein, the study reports a facile strategy involving rational design of primary grain crystallographic orientation within polycrystalline cathode, which well enhanced its electro‐mechanical strength and Li+ transfer kinetics. Ex situ and in situ experiments/simulations including cross‐sectional particle electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), single‐particle micro‐compression, thermogravimetric analysis combined with mass spectrometry (TGA‐MS), and finite element modeling reveal that, the primary‐grain‐alignment strategy effectively mitigates the particle pulverization, lattice oxygen release thereby enhances battery cycle life and safety. Besides the preexisting doping and coating methodologies to improve the stability of Ni‐rich cathode, the primary‐grain‐alignment strategy, with no foreign elements or heterophase layers, is unprecedently proposed here. The results shed new light on the study of electrochemical–mechanical strain alleviation for electrode materials.
A Quantitative Understanding of Electron and Mass Transport Coupling in Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Zhang Zhuojun , Xiao Xu , Yan Aijing , Sun Kai , Yu Jianwen , Tan Peng
Published: October 2023

The lithium–oxygen battery has the highest theoretical specific energy among all battery systems, while the actual value falls significantly short. The hindered oxygen and/or electron transport result(s) in limited utilization of the porous air electrode, while achieving a quantitative understanding of the electrochemistry and mass transport coupling is challenging. Herein, a porous electrode with highly consistent and controllable channel units is pioneered that excludes the randomness of disordered pores and consequently enables the investigation of control mechanisms. A three‐dimensional dynamic heterogeneous model is developed, providing the first spatio‐temporal distribution of LiO2 and revealing its reversed diffusion trajectories at limited electron transport. The synergistic combination of experiments and models identifies the crucial role of channel sizes on mechanisms that are divided into mass, hybridization, and electron transport control. For macropores, improving Li2O2 conductivity and mitigating solid‐liquid interface damage are urgent compared to enhancing oxygen diffusion. The unit model offers a promising approach to quantitatively understand the reaction and transport mechanisms in other battery systems with porous electrodes. This work represents a break through in knowledge of control mechanisms and guides the design of disordered electrodes for high‐performance lithium–oxygen batteries.
Interseeded cover crops did not cause corn yield loss in eastern North Dakota
Authors: Franzen David , Wick Abbey , Bu Honggang , Ritchison Daryl , Mullins Barbara , Chatterjee Amitava
Published: October 2023

North Dakota is a transitional semiarid region with annual precipitation in the eastern part of the state of about 50–55 cm, mostly from rainfall. The moisture demand from interseeding cover crops into standing corn (Zea mays) early in the season has been a concern and is likely why most corn growers do not interseed cover crops. Corn grain yield was determined in response to interseeding of cereal rye (Secale cereale) or oat (Avena sativa), radish (Raphanus sativus), and camelina (Camelina sativa) and incremental fertilizer nitrogen (N) application rates for five site‐years in the eastern North Dakota. Fifty‐eight days and 35 days of leaf wetness from dew in 2019 and 2020, respectively, were recorded. Cumulative dew accumulation since cover crop emergence was 5.6 mm and 3.5 mm in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Interseeding and its interactions with fertilizer‐N rate did not influence the grain yield. However, cereal rye produced the most biomass of the cover crop species, but the amount varied with site and growing season conditions. Late October, cereal rye biomass produced was 98.8 kg ha−1 in 2018, 352 kg ha−1 in 2019, and 70.3 kg ha−1 in 2020 at the Gardner site. Interseeding did not reduce grain yield loss compared to control. Outcomes will encourage corn growers to adopt cover crops without any changes in their fertilizer N application.
Selective hydrogenation of benzoic acid over bimetallic NiCo embedded in N‐doped carbon
Authors: Hu Di , Xu Hong , Zeng Yongjian , Lin Lu , Jiang Zhiwei , Yan Kai
Published: October 2023

The selective hydrogenation of biomass‐derived benzoic acid (BA) to cyclohexane carboxylic acid (CCA) is vital to producing fine chemicals from renewable sources. Herein, a novel nitrogen‐doped carbon supported bimetallic catalyst (Ni1Co1/NC) was synthesized via a PVP‐assisted method to catalyze the selective hydrogenation of BA to CCA. Compared with the non‐doped Ni1Co1/C and single counterparts, Ni1Co1/NC exhibited a substantially enhanced activity, with 98.1% yield of CCA. The excellent performance was attributed to the NiCo synergistic effect and N‐doped thin carbon layer, which could increase the total proportion of Ni0 and Co0 species via donating electrons to Co and thus improve the H2 adsorption capacity, the hydrogenation activity of aromatic rings in BA and the stability. This work demonstrates a synergetic effect between NiCo bimetal and N‐doped thin carbon layer. This would pave the way for the rational design and synthesis of high‐performance non‐noble catalysts used in BA hydrogenation.
Enzymatisches Upcycling von PET‐Abfällen zu Calcium‐Terephthalat für Batterieanoden
Authors: Xue Rui , Qiu Canhao , Zhou Xiaoli , Cheng Yun , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Yi , Schröder Uwe , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Dong Weiliang , Wei Ren , Jiang Min
Published: October 2023

Biotechnologisches Recycling bietet eine vielversprechende Lösung für die Umweltprobleme im Zusammenhang mit Kunststoffabfällen, insbesondere für Polyethylenterephthalat (PET), das häufig in Verpackungsmaterialien und Textilien verwendet wird. Um die Entwicklung einer biobasierten Kreislaufwirtschaft für Kunststoffe voranzutreiben, sind innovative Upcycling‐Strategien erforderlich, mit denen höherwertige Produkte erzeugt werden können. In dieser Studie verbesserten wir die enzymatische Depolymerisation von PET‐Abfall, indem wir hochkonzentrierte Kalziumionen (bis zu 1 m) in die hydrolytische Reaktion einbrachten, die durch das beste derzeit bekannte Enzym LCCICCG katalysiert wird. Das Vorhandensein von Kalziumionen verbesserte nicht nur die thermische Stabilität und Aktivität des Biokatalysators, sondern verringerte auch den Basenverbrauch, der zur Aufrechterhaltung eines optimalen pH‐Wertes erforderlich ist, erheblich. Unter optimierten Bedingungen bei 80 °C für 12 Stunden konnten wir ≈84 % des PET‐Abfalls (200 g L−1) erfolgreich in festes hydratisiertes Kalziumterephthalat (CaTP ⋅ 3H2O) als Hauptprodukt anstelle von löslichem Terephthalatsalz umwandeln. CaTP ⋅ 3H2O konnte leicht gereinigt und als Rohstoff für die Herstellung von Batterieelektroden verwendet werden und wies eine anfängliche reversible spezifische Kapazität von 164.2 mAh g−1 auf. Durch eine techno‐ökonomische Analyse konnten wir schlüssig nachweisen, dass die auf Biokatalyse basierende Eintopfsynthese von CaTP eine bessere PET‐Upcycling‐Strategie ist als die sekundäre Synthesemethode, bei der recycelte Terephthalsäure verwendet wird.
Kaskadenreaktionen von aryl‐substituierten terminalen Alkinen unter Beteiligung von in situ erzeugten α‐Imino‐Goldcarbenen
Authors: Sun Qiaoying , Hüßler Christopher , Kahle Justin , Mackenroth Alexandra V. , Rudolph Matthias , Krämer Petra , Oeser Thomas , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: October 2023

Wir berichten über eine effiziente, hochselektive und divergente Synthesemethode zur Herstellung von 2‐substituierten Indolen und aryl‐anellierten Carbazolen über die intermolekulare Erzeugung von α‐Imino‐Goldcarbenen aus terminalen Alkinen oder Diinen in Kombination mit Sulfiliminen. Wichtig ist, dass die Tandemreaktion durch eine intermolekulare Goldcarbenbildung/C−H‐ Anellierung, gefolgt von der Aktivierung eines zweiten Alkins, die zu einer 6‐endo‐dig‐Zyklisierung führt, abläuft, was sich deutlich von früheren Ansätzen der dualen Aktivierung oder 1,6‐Carbenverschiebung für Diin‐Systeme unterscheidet. Im Falle von ortho‐Alkinylanilin als Ausgangsmaterial wurde eine unerwartete regioselektive Bildung der Indolkomponente über den intermolekularen Weg anstelle einer intramolekularen Hydroaminierung entdeckt. Diese Reaktivität ebnete den Weg für eine Eintopfsynthese des 11H‐Indolo‐[3,2‐c]‐Chinolin‐Gerüsts, indem das gebildete Aminoindol für eine anschließende Pictet–Spengler‐Reaktion mit Aldehyden genutzt wurde. Die photophysikalischen Eigenschaften der Carbazole zeigten eine gute violett‐blaue Emission mit Quantenausbeuten von bis zu 40 %.
Multicomponent Synthesis of Imidazole‐Linked Fully Conjugated 3D Covalent Organic Framework for Efficient Electrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Production
Authors: Zhang Yuting , Qiao Zelong , Zhang Rui , Wang Zhengqi , Wang Hui‐Juan , Zhao Jie , Cao Dapeng , Wang Shitao
Published: October 2023

The semiconducting properties and applications of three dimensional (3D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are greatly hampered because of their long‐ranged non‐conjugated skeletons and relatively unstable linkages. Here, a robust imidazole‐linked fully conjugated 3D covalent organic framework (BUCT‐COF‐7) is synthesized through the one‐pot multicomponent Debus‐Radziszewski reaction of the saddle‐shaped aldehyde‐substituted cyclooctatetrathiophene, pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐tetraone, and ammonium acetate. The semiconducting BUCT‐COF‐7, as a metal‐free catalyst, shows excellent two electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity in alkaline medium with high hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) selectivity of 83.4 %. When the BUCT‐COF‐7 as cathode catalyst is assembled into the electrolyzer, the devices showed high electrochemical production rate of H2O2 up to 326.9 mmol g−1 h−1. The accumulative amount of H2O2 could totally degrade the dye methylene blue via Fenton reaction for wastewater treatment. This is the first report about intrinsic 3D COFs for efficient electrochemical synthesis of H2O2, revealing the promising applications of fully conjugated 3D COFs in the environment‐related field.
Dynamic Stereochemistry of M8Pd6 Supramolecular Cages Based on Metal‐Center Lability for Differential Chiral Induction, Resolution, and Recognition
Authors: Huang Yin‐Hui , Lu Yu‐Lin , Zhang Xiao‐Dong , Liu Chen‐Hui , Ruan Jia , Qin Yu‐Han , Cao Zhong‐Min , Jiang Jijun , Xu Hai‐Sen , Su Cheng‐Yong
Published: October 2023

A series of isostructural supramolecular cages with a rhombic dodecahedron shape have been assembled with distinct metal‐coordination lability (M8Pd6‐MOC‐16, M=Ru2+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Zn2+). The chirality transfer between metal centers generally imposes homochirality on individual cages to enable solvent‐dependent spontaneous resolution of Δ8/Λ8−M8Pd6 enantiomers; however, their distinguishable stereochemical dynamics manifests differential chiral phenomena governed by the cage stability following the order Ru8Pd6>Ni8Pd6>Fe8Pd6>Zn8Pd6. The highly labile Zn centers endow the Zn8Pd6 cage with conformational flexibility and deformation, enabling intrigue chiral‐Δ8/Λ8−Zn8Pd6 to meso‐Δ4Λ4−Zn8Pd6 transition induced by anions. The cage stabilization effect differs from inert Ru2+, metastable Fe2+/Ni2+, and labile Zn2+, resulting in different chiral‐guest induction. Strikingly, solvent‐mediated host–guest interactions have been revealed for Δ8/Λ8−(Ru/Ni/Fe)8Pd6 cages to discriminate the chiral recognition of the guests with opposite chirality. These results demonstrate a versatile procedure to control the stereochemistry of metal‐organic cages based on the dynamic metal centers, thus providing guidance to maneuver cage chirality at a supramolecular level by virtue of the solvent, anion, and guest to benefit practical applications.
Rheological behaviors and foaming behaviors of crosslinked ethylene–vinyl acetate with polyfunctional monomers
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Hua Lei , Zhang Jiachen , Luo Lihua
Published: October 2023

To produce ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) foams with a higher foaming ratio and stable cell size, the efficiency of the crosslinking reaction is required to conduct simultaneously with the blowing reaction. Hence, the multifunctional monomer trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMP) as a crosslinking promoter and a crosslinking agent dicumyl peroxide are used together as a crosslinking system to EVA foaming, when chemical blowing agent azodicarbonamide (ADC) is used. The TMP concentration of approximately 1.0 phr (per hundred resin) is most effective for balancing the expansion ratio and fine cell size. In the SEM diagram and expansion ratio results, it can be found that when the concentration of TMP ranges from 0 to 1.0 phr, the cell mean size is reduced from 360.3 to 140.5 μm and the expansion ratio is reduced from 13.6 to 9.1 at 170°C. The results of time‐sweep experiment of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) show that the foaming time of ADC in the melt increases with the addition of TMP. Capillary rheometer and rotational rheometer tests show that the viscosity and the crosslinking efficiency of the melt are improved with the TMP addition. The curing time has been reduced from 2.93 to 2.22 min for 170°C.
The effects of graphene oxide addition on low velocity impact performance of aramid fiber reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Azimpour‐Shishevan Farzin , Mohtadi‐Bonab M. A. , Rahmatinejad Bahman
Published: October 2023

In this study, the impact of incorporating graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles into the matrix of aramid fiber reinforced polymer (AFRP) composites was investigated. The GO nanoparticles were dispersed in the AFRP matrix at three different weight percentages: 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%. The fabrication of the GO dispersed AFRP nanocomposites was achieved using the vacuum assisted resin infusion molding (VARIM) method, and the AFRP plates were cut using a water jet. The sectioned specimens of the fabricated nanocomposites were subjected to low velocity impact tests. The effects of introducing GO nanoparticles at different percentages were evaluated by analyzing the contact force, deflection, maximum absorbed energy versus time and contact force versus deflection curves. Finally, the key parameters of low velocity impact, including contact force, deflection, and maximum absorbed energy, were compared for the different fabricated AFRP nanocomposites. Based on the results, the AFRP composite with 0.3 wt.% of GO nanoparticles exhibited the best performance under low velocity impact loading conditions. However, the agglomeration of nanoparticles became a significant challenge when higher percentages of GO nanoparticles were added to the composite structure. The findings highlight the importance of determining the optimal percentage of nano materials for incorporation into composite structures.
Escalated Phase Separation Driven Enhanced Magnetoresistance in Manganite/Iridate Epitaxial Heterostructures
Authors: Roy Pinku , Zhang Di , Kunwar Sundar , Cucciniello Nicholas , Mazza Alessandro R. , Chen Aiping , Jia Quanxi
Published: October 2023

Phase separation in manganites leads to unique magnetic and electronic properties. 50% Ca‐doped LaMnO3 (LCMO), at the boundary of ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) states in La1‐xCaxMnO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1), is an ideal system to study phase separation behavior. The investigation reveals the effect of a 5d‐metal perovskite SrIrO3 (SIO) on the phase separation, magnetic, and magnetoresistance (MR) properties of LCMO. Single‐layer and bilayer LCMO films, both appear purely ferromagnetic along the in‐plane (IP) magnetic field direction, but show the tendency of temperature‐dependent ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic or charge‐ordered (CO) phase separation with the out‐of‐plane (OOP) applied field. The MR, and colossal magnetoresistance (CMR), observed in LCMO/SIO bilayers are two orders and an order of magnitude (in %) larger, respectively than that in the single‐layer film. The coexistence of FM and AFM/CO phases is responsible for the CMR and MR enhancement in the LCMO/SIO bilayer, pointing toward the importance of the phase separation and competition of both the individual materials in enhancing their magnetic and electronic properties.
New paracetamol hybrids as anticancer and COX‐2 inhibitors: Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies
Authors: Alam Mohammad Mahboob , Alsenani Nawaf I. , Abdelhamid Antar A. , Ahmad Abrar , Baothman Othman A. , Hosawi Salman A. , Altayeb Hisham , Nadeem Mohammad Shahid , Ahmad Varish , Nazreen Syed , Elhenawy Ahmed A.
Published: October 2023

Drug repurposing is an emerging field in drug development that has provided many successful drugs. In the current study, paracetamol, a known antipyretic and analgesic agent, was chemically modified to generate paracetamol derivatives as anticancer and anticyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) agents. Compound 11 bearing a fluoro group was the best cytotoxic candidate with half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 1.51 to 6.31 μM and anti‐COX‐2 activity with IC50 = 0.29 μM, compared to the standard drugs, doxorubicin and celecoxib. The cell cycle and apoptosis studies revealed that compound 11 possesses the ability to induce cell cycle arrest in the S phase and apoptosis in colon Huh‐7 cells. These results were strongly supported by docking studies, which showed strong interactions with the amino acids of the COX‐2 protein, and in silico pharmacokinetic predictions were found to be favorable for these newly synthesized paracetamol derivatives. It can be concluded that compound 11 could block cell growth and proliferation by inhibiting the COX‐2 enzyme in cancer therapy.
A Metal‐Organic Complex Constructed from Co(II), Azo‐amide‐pyridyl and Benzenetricarboxylate Mixed Ligands: Efficient Catalysis for Selective Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohols to Benzyl Acids
Authors: Li Yuyao , Li Xiaohui , An Zhixuan , Chu Yang , Wang Xiuli
Published: October 2023

By using one‐step hydrothermal synthesis, a novel metal‐organic complex containing Co(II), the azo‐amide‐pyridyl ligand (E)‐4,4′‐(diazene‐1,2‐diyl)bis(N‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)benzamide (DABA) and benzenetricarboxylate was synthesized, with a molecular formula of [Co2(DABA)0.5(MTC)(μ3‐OH)(H2O)2] ⋅ 2H2O (namely 1, DABA=(E)‐4,4′‐(diazene‐1,2‐diyl)bis(N‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)benzamide, H3MTC=1,2,4‐benzenetricarboxylic acid) which was characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, PXRD, IR spectroscopy, TGA, and XPS. In the structure of complex 1, tetranuclear Co(II) clusters were connected by MTC to form a 2D bilayer structure and further constructed a 3D structure with DABA ligand. Complex 1 was used as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol, and the conversion rate of benzyl alcohol reached 98.6 % and the selectivity of benzoic acid reached 94.8 %. In addition, complex 1 can be reused 5 times without significant loss of activity. The oxidation of benzyl alcohol with different substituents also showed satisfactory conversion and selectivity, indicating that complex 1 had good catalytic performance.
The therapeutic effect of engineered phage, derived protein and enzymes against superbug bacteria
Authors: Boroujeni Mahshid Badakhshan , Mohebi Samane , Malekian Azam , Shahraeini Seyed Sadegh , Gharagheizi Zahra , Shahkolahi Shaghayegh , Sadeghi Rezvaneh Vahedian , Naderifar Mahin , Akbarizadeh Majid Reza , Soltaninejad Simin , Moghadam Zahra Taati , Moghadam Majid Taati , Mirzadeh Farzane
Published: October 2023

Defending against antibiotic‐resistant infections is similar to fighting a war with limited ammunition. As the new century unfolded, antibiotic resistance became a significant concern. In spite of the fact that phage treatment has been used as an effective means of fighting infections for more than a century, researchers have had to overcome many challenges of superbug bacteria by manipulating phages and producing engineered enzymes. New enzymes and phages with enhanced properties have a significant impact on the ability to fight antibiotic‐resistant infections, which is considered a window of hope for the future. This review, therefore, illustrates not only the challenges caused by antibiotic resistance and superbug bacteria but also the engineered enzymes and phages that are being developed to solve these issues. Our study found that engineered phages, phage proteins, and enzymes can be effective in treating superbug bacteria and destroying the biofilm caused by them. Combining these engineered compounds with other antimicrobial substances can increase their effectiveness against antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. Therefore, engineered phages, proteins, and enzymes can be used as a substitute for antibiotics or in combination with antibiotics to treat patients with superbug infections in the future.
Guidelines for developing the shari'ah‐compliant products and shari'ah governance for sustainable banks in Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Nazim , Hosen Mosharrof , Azad Md. Abul Kalam , Günerhan Hatıra , Hoque Nazamul , Uddin Mahi , Mamun Abdullahil
Published: October 2023

The industry of Islamic banking and finance (IBF) has undergone rapid expansion over the past forty years. However, it's imperative that this sector continues to evolve—making sure it aligns with contemporary market trends while staying abreast with modern financial practices. With financial offerings becoming more complex than ever before, adhering closely to shari'ah principles certainly poses a newer level of daunting challenges that need urgent attention in this burgeoning field. Moreover, the infamous products and current shari'ah governance of Islamic banks have been widely debated following the publication of an article titled “Terrible November for Islamic banks” in a reputable newspaper, Prothom Alo, 2022. In order to bridge the gap this study investigates drivers, enablers, and inhibitors of shari'ah‐compliant products and the successful implementation of shari'ah governance for sustainable Islamic banks in Bangladesh. The qualitative data have been collected through in‐depth personal interviews and focus group discussions with 41 well‐known scholars. The analysis shows shari'ah board and research division are required to collaborate to develop shari'ah‐compliant products as outlined in the Qur'an and Hadith. Additionally, a strong legislative framework for shari'ah‐compliant product development and shari'ah governance is essential to promote a sustainable Islamic banking industry. Good shari'ah governance and compliance in a banking institution are significantly dependent on the good intentions of its board members and operational managers. The study offers a legal framework and core value‐based banking that develops unique and fully shari'ah‐compliant products to uphold sustainable development goals (SDGs). Important policy implications are discussed.
A case report of heterochronic presentation of a bilateral tubal pregnancy
Authors: Mansouri Zeinab , Tarafdari Azam , Azizi Sepideh , Mehdikhani Bahareh , Shababi Amirali , Vaghef Davari Farzad
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical Message

This paper highlights that diagnosis and treatment of one ectopic pregnancy does not rule out the happening of a second ectopic pregnancy in the same patient concurrently, especially if the patient has rising β‐hCG and persistent symptoms.

Bilateral tubal pregnancy (BTP) is the most uncommon form of tubal ectopic pregnancy. Complications can lead to maternal morbidity and mortality. We reported a case of left tubal pregnancy and the patient underwent laparoscopic salpingostomy. During the follow‐up, the contralateral ectopic pregnancy was discovered and treated with MTX.
Oxygen Vacancy Mediated Reactivity of CaO/CuO Composite for the Synthesis of Amino‐N‐heterocycles
Authors: Rajendran K. , Madampadi Roshni , Shee Sayan , Subramaniam Rameshkumar , Khan Tuhin S. , Gupta Shelaka , Haider M. Ali , Jagadeesan Dinesh
Published: October 2023

Utilising the oxygen‐vacancy‐mediated reactivity of CaO/CuO and hydrazine monohydrate in isopropyl alcohol at 353 K, a variety of amino‐derivatives of N‐heterocycles, including pyridine, indole, quinoline, isoquinoline, and benzothiazole, have been selectively synthesised by reducing their nitro analogues. It is demonstrated that CaO/CuO composite is a reusable, solvent‐resilient solid reducing agent that can reduce a variety of nitro‐N‐heterocyclic substrates. The critical role of the structure of CaO/CuO on the nitro‐reduction activity has been studied using spectroscopy and microscopy. DFT simulations indicate the facile formation of oxygen vacancies (EO,vac=−43.4 kJ/mol) on the interface of CaO/CuO surface under reducing environment. The presence of CaO facilitated a stronger interaction of the nitro‐substrate on the oxygen vacant CuO (111) surface, resulting into a significantly lower activation energy (Ea=21.9 kJ/mol) for N−O dissociation. The reaction could be scaled up from 1 to 12 mmol of substrate. CaO/CuO is a reusable and a cost‐effective alternative to the conventional catalyst (Pd/C, Pt/C).
Just‐in‐time latent autoregressive residual generation for dynamic process monitoring
Authors: Hu Shi , Chang Kuan
Published: October 2023

With a goal of timely and adaptively exploiting the inconsistency inherited in the monitored samples of current interest, a novel dynamic process monitoring method based on just‐in‐time latent autoregressive residual generation (JITLAR2G) model is proposed. Different from the mainstream dynamic modeling and monitoring methods which usually train a signature generating mechanism and then repeatedly apply it for online monitored samples, the proposed JITLAR2G‐based approach provides a JITLAR2G model for the online monitored samples after data augmentation, so that the corresponding inconsistency within the given consecutive samples could be timely and adaptively uncovered. Instead of expressing the time‐serial relationship that generally accepted by the normal samples in the given dataset, solving the objective function designed for JITLAR2G in a just‐in‐time manner can adaptively and correspondingly seek but only one projecting vector as well as coefficient vector to generate residual, which points to the potential inconsistency inherited in the monitored samples, for the sole purpose of fault detection. As demonstrated through comparisons, the proposed JITLAR2G model can consistently guarantee its effectiveness, in terms of reducing both false alarm rate and missed alarm rate, for dynamic process monitoring, the salient performance achieved by the proposed JITLAR2G‐based method in contrast to the counterparts can be always confirmed.
Magnetic Relaxations of Chromium Nitride Porphyrinato Complexes Driven by the Anisotropic g‐Factor
Authors: Yamabayashi Tsutomu , Horii Yoji , Li Zhao‐Yang , Yamashita Masahiro
Published: October 2023

Molecule‐based magnetic materials are useful candidates as the spin qubit due to their long coherence time and high designability. The anisotropy of the g‐values of the metal complexes can be utilized to access the individual spin of the metal complexes, making it possible to achieve the scalable molecular spin qubit. For this goal, it is important to evaluate the effect of g‐value anisotropy on the magnetic relaxation behaviour. This study reports the slow magnetic relaxation behaviour of chromium nitride (CrN2+) porphyrinato complex (1), which is structurally and magnetically similar with the vanadyl (VO2+) porphyrinato complex (2) which is known as the excellent spin qubit. Detailed analyses for vibrational and dynamical magnetism of 1 and 2 revealed that g‐value anisotropy accelerates magnetic relaxations greater than the internal magnetic field from nuclear spin does. These results provide a design criterion for construction of multiple spin qubit based on g‐tensor engineering.
CoFe Alloys Dispersed on Se, N Co‐Doped Graphitic Carbon as Efficient Bifunctional Catalysts for Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Dai Longhua , Feng Chuanzhen , Luo Yangjun , Wan Jin , Sun Yue , Zheng Yanan , Zhang Huijuan , Wang Yu
Published: October 2023

The development of a stable and efficient non‐noble metal catalyst with both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is paramount to achieving the widespread application of Zn‐air batteries (ZABs) but remains a great challenge. Herein, a novel Co3Fe7 alloy nanoparticle dispersed on Se, N co‐doped graphitic carbon (denoted as CoFe/Se@CN) was prepared through a facile hydrothermal and pyrolysis process. The synthesized CoFe/Se@CN exhibits outstanding ORR and OER properties with an ultralow potential gap of 0.625 V, which is mainly attributed to the abundant porous structure, the rich structural defects formed by doping Se atoms, and the strong synergistic effects between the CoFe alloys and graphitic carbon nanosheet. Furthermore, the ZAB fabricated by CoFe/Se@CN shows a high peak power density of 160 mW cm−2 and a large specific capacity of 802 mA h g−1 with favorable cycling stability, outperforming that of Pt/C+RuO2. Our study offers a plausible strategy to explore bifunctional carbon‐based materials with efficient electrocatalytic properties for rechargeable ZABs.
Hydrothermal carbonization of sawdust for hydrochar production to prepare solid fuels
Authors: Lilian Milad Ja , Shui Tao , Rajput Himadri , Naterer Greg , He Sophia , Hu Yulin
Published: October 2023

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sawdust for producing hydrochar was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). After optimization, the combustion behaviour and other relevant fuel properties of hydrochar that was obtained at the optimized conditions were studied. Additionally, the aqueous phase obtained at the optimized conditions was recycled as the reaction medium for producing hydrochar and the influence of the aqueous phase recycling on the hydrochar yield and properties was evaluated. The results indicated that the highest hydrochar yield of 84.23 wt.% under the predicted optimum conditions of temperature of 162.23°C, 2.51 h, feedstock loading of 10.71 wt.%, and catalyst loading of 7.99 wt.%. Furthermore, it was found that the use of recycled aqueous phase as the reaction medium led to an increase in the hydrochar yield, higher heating value (HHV), and energy yield, and difference in combustion behaviour was minor. Overall, this study filled the gap in HTC literature regarding the effect of catalyst on hydrochar production and provided a practical solution to treat the aqueous phase.
Conception and pregnancy among women with a live birth after breast cancer treatment: A survey study of young breast cancer survivors
Authors: Sorouri Kimia , Sella Tal , Rosenberg Shoshana M. , Loucks Maggie , Kirkner Gregory , Snow Craig , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Gelber Shari I. , Tamimi Rulla M. , Peppercorn Jeffrey M. , Schapira Lidia , Borges Virginia F. , Come Steven E. , Warner Ellen , Partridge Ann H.
Published: October 2023

Background

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women of reproductive age. This study sought to explore the postcancer conception and pregnancy experience of young BC survivors to inform counseling.

Methods

In the Young Women's Breast Cancer Study (NCT01468246), a multicenter, prospective cohort, participants diagnosed at age ≤40 years with stage 0‐III BC who reported ≥1 postdiagnosis live birth were sent an investigator‐developed survey.

Results

Of 119 eligible women, 94 (79%) completed the survey. Median age at diagnosis was 32 years (range, 17–40) and at first postdiagnosis delivery was 38 years (range, 29–47). Most had stage I or II (77%) and HR+ (78%) BC; 51% were nulligravida at diagnosis. After BC treatment, most (62%) conceived naturally, though 38% used assisted reproductive technology, 74% of whom first attempted natural conception for a median of 9 months (range, 2–48). Among women with a known inherited pathogenic variant (n = 20), two underwent preimplantation genetic testing. Of 59 women on endocrine therapy before pregnancy, 26% did not resume treatment. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (20%) was the most common obstetrical condition. Nine percent of newborns required neonatal intensive care unit admission and 9% had low birth weight.

Conclusion

Among women with live births after BC treatment, most conceived naturally and having a history of BC did not appear to negatively impact pregnancy complications, though the high rate of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy warrants further investigation. The prolonged period of attempting natural conception for some survivors suggests the potential need for improved understanding and counseling surrounding family planning goals after BC.
Oncology Combination Dose‐Finding Study Design for Targeted and Immuno‐Oncology Therapies
Authors: Zhou Li , Reddy Micaela B. , Mittapalli Rajendar K. , Yang Jing , Yin Donghua
Published: October 2023

Combination therapies are often evaluated during the clinical development of oncology investigational agents. A new investigational agent may be combined with one or more approved agent(s) or investigational agent(s). As the initial step to test combination therapies, combination dose escalation of an investigational agent and an approved drug is generally conducted using one of the following designs: sequential design, parallel (staggered) design, healthy participant first‐in‐human prior to first‐in‐patient combination escalation, monotherapy lead‐in (intra‐patient “crossover”), and potentially combination escalation (no monotherapy component). Dose‐finding studies for the combinations of two investigational agents may follow similar principles and considerations, and a more conservative approach may be required. A comparison of the characteristics of these designs indicates an efficient design should consider factors including the predicted difference in dose/exposure‐response relationships between monotherapy and combination therapy, any potential for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between the combinatory agents, and the benefit/risk to study participants, etc. In this report, we propose application scenarios for each trial design based on the above considerations and a review of the internal database and published external studies. Generation of robust exposure‐response data via an appropriate design will assist the selection of appropriate doses for further assessment to support optimal dose selection as encouraged by the US Food and Drug Administration based on Project Optimus.
A Convenient Self‐Removing Affinity Tag Method for the Simple Purification of Tagless Recombinant Proteins
Authors: Prabhala Sai Vivek , Mayone Sophia A. , Moody Nathan M. , Kanu Chidinma B. , Wood David W.
Published: October 2023

In this work, we describe a novel self‐cleaving affinity tag technology based on a highly modified split‐intein cleaving element. In this system, which has recently been commercialized by Protein Capture Science, LLC under the name iCapTagTM, the N‐terminal segment of an engineered split intein is covalently immobilized onto a capture resin, while the smaller C‐terminal intein segment is fused to the N‐terminus of the desired target protein. The tagged target can then be expressed in an appropriate expression system, without concern for premature intein cleaving. During the purification, strong binding between the intein segments effectively captures the tagged target onto the capture resin while simultaneously generating a cleaving‐competent intein complex. After unwanted impurities are washed from the resin, cleavage of the target protein is initiated by a shift of the buffer pH from 8.5 to 6.2. As a result, the highly purified tagless target protein is released from the column in the elution step. Alternately, the resin beads can be added directly to cell culture broth or lysate, allowing capture, purification and cleavage of the tagless target protein using a column‐free format. These methods result in highly pure tagless target protein in a single step, and can thereby accelerate characterization and functional studies. In this work we demonstrate the single step purification of streptokinase, a fibrinolytic agent, and an engineered recombinant human hemoglobin 1.1 (rHb1.1). © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Expression of high‐titer protein tagged with the Nostoc punctiforme (Npu) DnaE split‐intein on the N‐terminus

Basic Protocol 2: Purification of high‐titer protein using the Nostoc punctiforme (Npu) DnaE split‐intein purification platform

Alternate Protocol 1: Expression of low‐titer protein tagged with the Nostoc punctiforme (Npu) DnaE split‐intein on the N‐terminus

Alternate Protocol 2: Purification of low‐titer protein using the Nostoc punctiforme (Npu) DnaE split‐intein purification platform