bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OBJECTS FROM ALEXANDROPOL KURGAN IN THE COLLECTION OF THE ARCHEOLOGICAL MUSEUM OF KHARKIV KARAZIN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
Authors: Zadnikov S. A.
Published: January 2020

As known the collection of finds from Alexandropol Kurgan was stored in the Commission for the Study of Antiquities (St. Petersburg) which was reorganized in the Imperial Archaeological Commission in 1859, and at the same time collection was given to the Hermitage. In 1932 by decision of the Parity Commission items from this barrow were transferred to the Ukrainian History Museum (now the M. F. Sumtsov Kharkiv Historical Museum). The small part of collection was left in the Hermitage for electroplating. During World War II, the Kharkiv’s part of collection became almost negligible, so from more than 4000 finds more than 100 items were survived. After the war part of the collection (about 400 items) kept in the collections of the Archeological Museum of Kharkiv University. All past documentation was lost during the war. In the new inventory books, compiled after the war, the items were marked as numbers 74—88 under the year of receipt 1945. Any notes on the possible reasons for transferring things to university storage are absent.

The collection of Alexandropol kurgan stored in the 

Archeological Museum of Kharkiv Karazin national university consists of the 165 round six-petal plaques, 120 seven-petal plaques, 19 round plaques with four holes along the edge, one (and one fragment) round plaque with six holes, 9 bronze crescent pendants, 12 bronze fragments of the ends of crescent and 19 small fragments from them, 64 tubular pierces (intact and in fragments), 7 silver plaques depicting the griffin and the fragment of silver typeset belt.

Full publication of Alexandropol artifacts from the Kharkiv collection would make this complex appropriate to recreate the complete picture of the burial of Scythian chieftain and increase the further development of Scythian studies.
THE USE OF CANNABIS IN THE EARLY IRON AGE
Authors: Gorbanenko S. A.
Published: January 2020

In the article data on cannabis findings in the early Scythian sites are collected and ordered. Currently, there are several mutually complementary sources for studying the use of cannabis by the Scythians, These are written sources (Herodotus), as well as artifacts (incense burners) and paleoethnobotanical materials (cannabis seeds findings (Cannabis sativa L)). In recent years, archaeologists have new data obtained from chemical analyzes.

The findings of cannabis are few. Now we know only eight sites where they were found (fig. 1). Written sources indicate the use of hemp for making clothes. The finds of spindle-whorls as well as still single prints of fabrics on clay products confirm the existence of weaving (fig. 2). Hygienic use of cannabis is confirmed by written sources and casually by archeological ones. The use of cannabis for fumigation is confirmed by the findings of incense burners, as well as by chemical analyzes.

We believe that this does not exhaust the use of cannabis in the life of the Scythians. Archaeological and iconographic findings indicate a high level of medicine development including surgery among the Scythians. Taking this into account, we consider it possible to suggest that the Scythians also knew various methods of natural origin for the relief of pain. We do not exclude that they could also use cannabis for this purpose.
Effect of Saurauia vulcani Korth. Leaves on Superoxide Dismutase, HbA1c Levels and Insulin Expression in Hyperglycemic Rats
Authors: Surbakti Chemayanti , Sitorus Panal , Rosidah Rosidah , Satria Denny
Published: January 2020

AIM: This study aimed to investigate Saurauia vulcani Korth. leaves. the activity of ethanol extract in hypoglycemic, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and detection of insulin expression by immunochemistry
METHODS: Saurauia vulcani Korth. Leaves powder was extracted by maceration method with ethanol 96%. The extract was administrated orally in doses of 100 mg/kg BW for 27 days. Diabetes was induced in rats by administered of Nicotinamide (NA) 230 mg/kg BW and streptozotocin (STZ) 65 mg/kg BW. Level of blood glucose, SOD, HbA1c were measured, and histopathology pancreas was observed to determine insulin expression with immunochemistry
RESULTS: Ethanol extract of Saurauia vulcani Korth. Leaves (EESL) shown a significantly (*p < 0.05) reduced in blood glucose levels at 104.25 ± 2.562 mg/dL and HbA1c level at 32.53 ± 0.188 ng/mL, but increased SOD level at 60.64 ± 0.740 pg/mL and histopathology study shown secretion insulin as seen number of expressions of insulin / slice 31.00 ± 0.315.
CONCLUSION: The result of this study showed EESL possess the hypoglycemic activity and increase the level of SOD but decrease the level of HbA1c in diabetic rat condition. The mechanism of the activity is suggested by stimulating the insulin secretion of pancreas β-cells which were damaged.
Ferenczi et les maltraitances précoces : métapsychologie du trauma
Authors: Sabourin Pierre
Published: January 2020

Pour tracer la métapsychologie des traumatismes précoces, les grands moments théoriques des années trente chez Ferenczi (1929-1933) sont mis en perspective avec notre clinique d’aujourd’hui : ainsi du jeune Lucas, pris en charge dans le Centre des Buttes-Chaumont. Le trauma des premiers moments entre la mère et l’enfant laisse des cicatrices non conscientes fondées sur un clivage du Moi encore immature : c’est « l’archi-originaire », aujourd’hui dit « mémoire traumatique ». Le trauma de la Loi du silence – des gestes pervers sexualisés d’un adulte sur un enfant assortis d’un « Si tu parles, je te tue ! » – porte la « confusion de langue » à son comble. Notre littérature ne méconnaît pas la présence de la maltraitance banale, lue et relue à la cour du Roi Soleil : ainsi les contes de Charles Perrault. Ni nos contemporains : Jacques Prévert (« à deux pas de chez vous, Messieurs de la magistrature assise, levez-vous… ») et le témoignage poignant de Niki de Saint Phalle dans Mon secret – inceste par viol de son père à 11 ans. Enfin, relevons la fonction du symptôme chez l’enfant, « l’auto-sacrifice de sa pensée pour sauver ses parents ».
À propos d’ Orpha
Authors: Castillo Mendoza Carlos Alberto , Allendesalazar Mercedes
Published: January 2020

Le parcours détaillé à travers les annotations cliniques de Ferenczi, dans les années 1930, destiné à dévoiler les références implicites et explicites d’ Orpha , permet de suivre pas à pas la construction de cette entité psychique. Cela met en évidence la nature et les fonctions d’ Orpha dans leur rapport avec les problématiques traumatiques et narcissiques.
La psychanalyse, reprise en sous-œuvre
Authors: Réfabert Philippe
Published: January 2020

Avec Freud la seule prémisse qui fonde la théorie de la pratique est celle du sexuel. Avec Ferenczi, la métapsychologie comme la théorie de la pratique sont fondées sur le vivre et mourir en même temps que sur le sexuel.
La BD, pomme de discorde identitaire en ville nouvelle
Authors: Theulé Frédéric
Published: January 2020

Au cours des années 1970, la construction des villes nouvelles de la région parisienne amène les aménageurs de ces « centres urbains nouveaux » à développer des techniques de promotion de la ville parfois particulièrement innovantes. À Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines paraît ainsi, en 1975, une publicité sous forme de bande dessinée. Créé sous l’impulsion de l’établissement public d’aménagement (EPA), destiné aux habitants comme aux investisseurs privés, cet objet promotionnel paraît dans la presse nationale et dévoile un récit aux accents modernistes et utopistes. La vie en ville nouvelle est ainsi décrite comme l’exact contrepoint de ce qu’est la vie en banlieue à cette époque, et provoque l’ire de certains élus locaux – notamment communistes. Ce sont deux grammaires de la ville qui se confrontent alors, deux familles de « mots de la ville », deux systèmes de valeurs, deux visions politiques.
Intensive Care Unit Resource Utilization After Hip Fracture Surgery in Elderly Patients: Risk Factor Identification and Risk Stratification
Authors: Guo Zhenggang , Zhao Feng , Wang Ye , Wang Xiaoyan
Published: January 2020

The objective of this study was to develop a risk stratification index (RSI) system to guide intensive care unit (ICU) resource use for elderly patients after hip fracture surgery. The authors' first study cohort consisted of 302 elderly patients with hip fractures who had surgical treatment at their hospital. The authors conducted multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate relevant risk factors for ICU resource utilization postoperatively. An RSI system was developed based on the significant risk factors from regression analysis. A second study cohort consisted of 205 elderly patients, among whom the authors applied the RSI system to guide ICU resource assignment. Among the first cohort of 302 hip fracture patients, 89 were transferred to ICU postoperatively, of whom 81 were planned to be transferred to ICU and 8 were not. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis revealed that age (≥80 years), preoperative pulmonary disease, perioperative anemia (hemoglobin <8 g/dL), and perioperative lactic acid level (>2 mmol/L) were independent risk factors for postoperative ICU management. The authors then constructed a weighted RSI with these risk factors. In addition, they manually added American Society of Anesthesiologists classification (III/IV) and types of anesthesia as additional risk factors based on their clinical experience. It was determined that an RSI score greater than 4 required postoperative ICU care. The RSI system was then prospectively applied to an independent cohort of 205 elderly surgical patients with hip fractures, among whom only 40 required ICU care. More importantly, there were no later transfers from the general ward to ICU after the application of RSI. The RSI system is effective for guiding postoperative ICU transfer without compromising patient care and minimizes unexpected transfers from the general ward to the postoperative ICU. [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(3):e159–e165.]
Improving Sexual, Racial, and Ethnic Diversity in Orthopedics: An Imperative
Authors: Lin James S. , Lattanza Lisa L. , Weber Kristy L. , Balch Samora Julie
Published: January 2020

Orthopedics is the least diverse medical specialty. From residents to faculty, the representation of women and underrepresented minorities lags behind that of all other specialties. The crux of the disparity stems from the pipeline, as medical students who are female and are underrepresented minorities are simply not applying to orthopedic surgery. Grassroots efforts providing early exposure to orthopedics have led to a considerable proportion of alumnae pursuing science majors and eventually medical school. Institutions with a stated commitment to diversity have successfully produced residency classes with greater diversity. The culture should be one that combats biases, dispels misconceptions about orthopedics, and prioritizes recruiting/retaining diverse providers. [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(3):e134–e140.]
Relationships Among Nursing Deans' Leadership Styles and Faculty Job Satisfaction Levels
Authors: Worthy Karen , Dawson Robin M. , Tavakoli Abbas S.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Although there is an abundance of empirical evidence on principals' leadership practices and teacher satisfaction in K-12 settings, a paucity of publications explore nursing faculty job satisfaction as influenced by leadership styles of academic deans. This research examined leadership styles of nursing deans to determine whether they correlate with nursing faculty job satisfaction at public U.S. universities with high research activity.

Method:

A descriptive, correlational study was conducted with electronic self-administered questionnaires. The sample was recruited from 24 universities; 303 questionnaires were returned.

Results:

Faculty perceived that nursing deans displayed transformational leadership style more frequently. Nursing faculty were moderately satisfied in their jobs, and they were more satisfied with nursing deans who practiced attributed idealized influence.

Conclusion:

Three types of leadership behaviors explained significant variance in faculty job satisfaction, indicating the need for training and development focused on effective leadership behaviors.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(2):68–75.]
Dynamiques rurales et conservation forestière dans le Nord de la Tunisie
Authors: Gammar Amor Mokhtar
Published: January 2020

Cet article examinera d'abord les causes de la crise forestière en Tunisie, héritée du protectorat français et associée aux politiques agricoles et forestières suivies par l'État. Les réglementations forestières strictes n'ont pas réussi à contenir la pression démographique accrue sur les terres forestières. Ceci est principalement dû à la crise de l'agriculture traditionnelle qui a été minée par l'expansion de l'exploitation moderne et productiviste dans les grands bassins de production, favorisée par les politiques agricoles de l'État et soutenue par un encadrement urbain puissant. Ensuite, cet article montrera comment, au cours des dernières décennies, la multiplicité des dynamiques rurales originales tend à donner de nouvelles caractéristiques bien spécifiques aux populations rurales et à leurs territoires dans les forêts de montagne. Il se concentre en particulier sur des questions telles que le remodelage des densités rurales, la diversification des revenus dans les campagnes et le développement des filières à vocation paysanne. Ces transformations allègent la pression de la population sur les terres forestières, et elles modifient surtout les relations homme-végétation, allant vers une réconciliation entre les paysans et les forêts. Elles appellent donc à repenser les politiques forestières afin d'intégrer clairement les paysans riverains dans les bases de la gestion et l’aménagement forestiers.paysannerie, forêt méditerranéenne, Tunisie, politiques forestières, conservation forestière
Rural Dynamics and Forest Conservation in Northern Tunisia
Authors: Gammar Amor Mokhtar
Published: January 2020

This paper will first examine the causes of the ongoing forest crisis that was inherited from the French protectorate and that is associated with the agricultural and forest policies followed by the Tunisian government. Strict forest regulations have failed to contain increased population pressure on forest lands. This is mainly due to the crisis of traditional agriculture that has been undermined by large and modern production-driven exploitation of large basins, which is promoted by the agricultural policies of the state and supported by a powerful urban framework. Then, this article will show how, in recent decades, the multiplicity of original rural dynamics tends to give new clear-cut characteristics to the rural populations and their territories in the mountain forests. In particular, it focuses on issues like the reshaping of rural communities, diversification of peasants’ income generation activities, and the dynamism of certain peasant economy. These sufficiently advanced changes are lightening the pressure of the population on the forest lands, and they especially modify Man-vegetation relationships, towards the reconciliation between the peasants and the forests. They therefore call for a re-thinking of forest policies to clearly integrate resident peasants into forest management and development.
Mountainous and forested hinterlands as a front line.Small peasants and petite gens in the work of Pierre Deffontaines
Authors: Huerta Antoine
Published: January 2020

This article aims to analyse Pierre Deffontaines' work on mountains and forests, focusing on small Mediterranean farmers, presenting them in a new light. As a field geographer, he had the opportunity to travel extensively through the Mediterranean mountains and study their rural populations. In addition to this personal taste, this small peasantry has an important place in his conception of geography, it forms the front of colonization ; it makes it possible to clarify a key concept of his geography : the small people (petites gens). This article deals with some unknown aspect of Deffontaines' productions where the study of these populations and the agropastoral forms associated with them is of great importance. This questions both the way Deffontaines thinks small farmers from a historical, geographical and ethnographic perspective. But also the place given to this author in the context of French geography of the classical period in a logic of historical and epistemological study. Pierre Deffontaines in 1948 developed a geography of transparency that left little room for problems. The Mediterranean example is particularly striking in his work because it supports the thesis of a pioneering function of the Mediterranean in the settlement and control of the land by humans. In his opinion, the origin of the world is then partly in the mountainous hinterlands and Mediterranean woodlands.
The agroforestry parks of Azilal (Morocco): a centuries-old and still living landscape construction
Authors: Taïbi Aude Nuscia , Hannani Mustapha El , Khalki Yahia El , Ballouche Aziz
Published: January 2020

The Moroccan Central High Atlas in the Beni Mellal - Khenifra region (Azilal Province) is characterized by highly anthropized landscapes as in all the medium mountain regions of Morocco. These are tree parks built by the rural Amazigh population in a context of rainfed food agriculture (bour), associated with extensive livestock farming, mainly sheep and goats. The very open landscapes are dominated by pre-forest formations of trees outside the forest (dominant holm oaks) selected in the fields. Dendrochronological analyses on holm oaks in the municipality of Agoudi N'Lkhir show that a large number of them are 200 to 300 years old and their regular treatment by long rotation (secular) grape varieties raises the structure of the tree park to at least 500 to 600 years. Despite this ancient historical foundation, these highly anthropized formations are often approached in terms of degradation, as are morphogenic processes, which are locally marked by strong erosion. However, field observations and diachronic analyses based on satellite images and aerial photographs show that these tree-lined parks, far from being relics of past landscapes, are still perennial and maintained by rural populations, as they continue to offer multiple vital functions and retain an important social role in these harsh and isolated mountainous contexts of the Moroccan Central High Atlas.
Agritourism in Europe
Authors: Streifeneder Thomas , Dax Thomas
Published: January 2020

For many decades, agritourism has emerged as a particular form of tourism addressing the desire of urban people to spend holidays in the countryside with experiencing typical agricultural surroundings and activities. On-farm touristic activities offer farmers the possibility of diversifying and generating additional income to supplement their low agricultural income. This supports maintaining the viability of active farms and rural communities, particularly in areas of natural constraints like mountain regions. Agritourism activities enhance and promote agricultural resources, traditions, and culture. Following this line of thought, agritourism results in being a successful example of sustainable tourism that has gained importance over the years. The chapter provides a comprehensive scientific overview on the development, situation, challenges, and limits of agritourism in mountain regions, exemplified by the situation in the European Alps as a relevant type of sustainable tourism and on-farm diversification in rural areas.
Identification and Assessment of Offbeat Destinations for Community-Based Ecotourism Development and Promotion in Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Bagri Satish Chandra , Kala Devkant
Published: January 2020

Many developing countries have adopted ecotourism as a benign strategy to cope with the challenges related to the development of rural communities and protection of natural resources. Considering the vast potential for tourism development, Uttarakhand – a mountainous state located in the Indian Himalaya have identified some pristine locations for community-based ecotourism (CBET) development. Since these locations in the involvement stage of development, it is important to assess ecotourism potential, challenges, and attitudes of stakeholders towards tourism development. This qualitative investigation has assessed the ecotourism development opportunities and given voice to locals, tourists, and tourism planners. Findings reveal that identified offbeat destinations have enormous ecotourism products, and attitude of all the concerned stakeholders is positive towards tourism development. The study emphasizes the need for developing tourism facilities, education and training, involvement of residents in decision-making, and designing promotional strategies to promote CBET in these areas.
The Trend of Youth Visitations at Kilim Geopark in Langkawi Islands, Malaysia
Authors: Marzuki Azizan , Mohamad Diana
Published: January 2020

This chapter provides insights on youth visitation to KILIM Geopark in relation to tourism activities, hospitality services expectation, and three visitation characteristics. Within a two-month data gathering period, 142 respondents from youths aged 18 to 30 of various nationalities were collected. As geopark tourism activity is a relatively new trend of the nature-based tourism industry, it is assumed the populace will look forward to a distinctively novel tourism experience, and thus, views tourism from a new perspective. Additionally, the populace is determined as the targeted group given the widely known tradition of this group's road trip patterns and engagement. When analyzing the data by means of one-way ANOVA, T-test, Correlation, Regression, and Correspondence analyses, interesting results were observed with regard to visitation characteristics, environmental attitudes, and attractions management aspects. Considering the results presented, practical and sensible solutions are discussed in relation to how youths perceived KILIM Geopark.
The State and Community-Based Projects of Environmental Conservation in Promoting Mountain Ecotourism in Lesotho
Authors: Rantšo Tšepiso Augustinus , Ketsi Khotso
Published: January 2020

Lesotho is divided into four ecological zones, the Highlands, the Foot Hills, the Senqu River Valley, and the Lowlands. Many people in these geographic areas are faced with poverty, unemployment, and other social problems. As a result, they exploit the natural environment for making a living. To conserve the endangered natural species and promote mountain ecotourism, the Lesotho Government established national parks and nature reserves. These state-owned national parks followed a top-down approach where the locals were not involved in the decision-making. Thus, these were subjected to vandalism from communities in the adjacent areas. Some locals have established botanical gardens to conserve environmental resources, thus promoting mountain ecotourism. The state, NGOs, and private entrepreneurs support community-based projects of environmental conservation and mountain ecotourism. While some of the destinations have resulted in establishment of communication networks, many places in the Highlands remain inaccessible and thus negatively impact mountain ecotourism.
Dynamics of Tourism Development and Resilience in the Medium Mountains of Portugal
Authors: Fernandes Gonçalo Poeta
Published: January 2020

The mountain areas have seen a growing ecocultural and tourist appreciation in the face of natural and cultural resources and housing due to the perception of integrity and authenticity associated with them. However, in Portugal, specific territorial policy interventions as well as guidelines for concerted development of tourism have stayed away from the mountains. It appears that the practises of recreation and leisure are becoming wider, which implies new forms of tourism and environmental planning. These perceptual changes, and even occupation, mean that these areas, previously isolated and hostile due to natural constraints, today have a distinct ownership as a result of awareness and their opening to the outside. Increased accessibility, use of resources, dissemination of ecocultural values, the extension of recreation and leisure activities, and the increase of visitor flows have contributed to their revival as a space for production and consumption, associated with quality and integrity standards.
Altmetircs Research
Authors: Baskaran C.
Published: January 2020

The chapter describes Altmetrics use in public APIs across platforms to gather data with open scripts and algorithms. Altmetrics did not originally cover citation counts. It calculated scholar impact based on diverse online research output, such as social media, online news media, and online reference managers. It demonstrates both the impact and the detailed composition of the impact. Altmetrics are becoming widely used in academia by individuals (as evidence of influence for promotion and tenure and in applying for grants), institution libraries (for making collections management decisions and understanding the use of IR and digital library content), publishers (performance in specific subject areas), and other areas of research.
Internet Usage in India
Authors: Murugiah P.
Published: January 2020

The ERNET network was only made available to educational and research communities. ERNET was initiated by the Department of Electronics (DoE), with funding support from the Government of India and United Nations Development Program (UNDP), involving eight premier institutions as participating agencies—NCST Bombay; Indian Institute of Science; five Indian Institutes of Technology at Delhi, Mumbai, Kanpur, Kharagpur, and Chennai; and the DoE in New Delhi. It is estimated that by 2017, internet users in India are most likely to be in a range of 450-465 million. The frequency of internet access among urban internet users in India is close to 51% or 137.19 million of internet users are using internet on a daily basis (at least once a day). On the other hand, 242 million or 90% of the urban internet user's use internet once a month. Analysis of ‘daily users' reveals that they are both in urban and rural India.
Activity Index and Lotkas's Law Validation on Human DNA Research
Authors: Murugiah P.
Published: January 2020

The chapter analyzes the activity index and Lotka's law validation on human DNA research during 1989-2013. This present study uses Scopus database to find publications of ‘Human DNA'. The study showed that the lowest relative growth rate (RGR) was 0.04 in 2008, 2010, 2012, and 2014. Similarly, the RGR rose to 0.75 in 1990, and the average mean value of RGR was 0.15. The total no. of authors was (an) = 82886 for 42 publications that each author contributed in the human DNA research. The authors reported that the percentage that authors predicted by Lotka's authors (F-P)2/P = 1526.66.
Nanocomposites in the Food Packaging Industry
Authors: Kumar Dheeraj , Farrukh Md. , Faisal Nadeem
Published: January 2020

The recent innovations in nanomaterials for the food packaging industry over the conventional food packaging material have made for a better quality of food product. The use of biodegradable materials is environmentally friendly and suitable for maintaining the quality of food. The chapter focuses on nano-composite materials that enhance the antimicrobial, mechanical, thermal, as well as barrier properties against the migrating element in the food packaging system. Bio-composite derivatives such as PLA, PCL, starch and cellulose, protein derivatives of nanocomposite materials have also been discussed in the chapter along with nano-sensors. Aspects of safety for human and environments and need for regulations of hazard assessment for safety purpose for the food packaging have also been discussed in this chapter. The chapter concludes by discussing the use of nanomaterials applications in food packaging for developing countries, forming some conclusions and leaving readers with thoughts for future research directions.
Recent Developments of Epoxy Nanocomposites Used for Aerospace and Automotive Application
Authors: Kumar Sudheer , Krishnan Sukhila , Samal Sushanta Kumar
Published: January 2020

Epoxy resins are widely utilized engineering thermosetting polymers for industrial applications such as aerospace and automotive fields due to their higher mechanical, thermal, and chemical resistance. Recently, polymer nanocomposites have attracted huge attention both in academics and industry because they demonstrated the tremendous enhancement in material properties compared with a neat polymer or traditional micro and macro composites. Traditional composites generally require a high content (˃10%) of the inorganic fillers to bestow the desired mechanical properties. Higher filler content raises the density of the new product, thereby reducing the properties through fragile interfacial interaction among filler and the organic matrix. Furthermore, enhancing filler content makes processability very complicated. However, nanocomposites exhibit improved thermomechanical properties even with a small amount of nanoparticles (≤5%). The chapter provides information about the application of polymer nanocomposites (i.e., aerospace and automotive industries).
A Study on Efficient Clustering Techniques Involved in Dealing With Diverse Attribute Data
Authors: Penikalapati Pragathi , Nagaraja Rao A.
Published: January 2020

The compatibility issues among the characteristics of data involving numerical as well as categorical attributes (mixed) laid many challenges in pattern recognition field. Clustering is often used to group identical elements and to find structures out of data. However, clustering categorical data poses some notable challenges. Particularly clustering diversified (mixed) data constitute bigger challenges because of its range of attributes. Computations on such data are merely too complex to match the scales of numerical and categorical values due to its ranges and conversions. This chapter is intended to cover literature clustering algorithms in the context of mixed attribute unlabelled data. Further, this chapter will cover the types and state of the art methodologies that help in separating data by satisfying inter and intracluster similarity. This chapter further identifies challenges and Future research directions of state-of-the-art clustering algorithms with notable research gaps.
Digital Detection of Suspicious Behavior With Gesture Recognition and Patterns Using Assisted Learning Algorithms
Authors: Ochoa Guevara Nancy E. , Puerto Lara Andres Esteban , Rosas Jimenez Nelson F. , Calderón Torres Wilmar , Grisales García Laura M. , Sánchez Ramos Ángela M. , Moreno Cubides Omar R.
Published: January 2020

This chapter presents a study to identify with classification techniques and digital recognition through the construction of a prototype phase that predicts criminal behavior detected in video cameras obtained from a free platform called MOTChallenge. The qualitative and descriptive approach, which starts from individual attitudes, expresses a person in his expression, anxiety, fear, anger, sadness, and neutrality through data collection and feeding of some algorithms for assisted learning. This prototype begins with a degree higher than 40% on a scale of 1-100 of a person suspected, subjected to a two- and three-iterations training parameterized into four categories—hood, helmet, hat, anxiety, and neutrality—where through orange and green boxes it is signaled at the time of the detection and classification of a possible suspect, with a stability of the 87.33% and reliability of the 96.25% in storing information for traceability and future use.
Weed Estimation on Lettuce Crops Using Histograms of Oriented Gradients and Multispectral Images
Authors: Puerto Lara Andres Esteban , Pedraza Cesar , Jamaica-Tenjo David A.
Published: January 2020

Each crop has their own weed problems. Therefore, to understand each problem, agronomists and weed scientists must be able to determine the weed abundance with the most precise method. There are several techniques to scouting, including visual counting for density or estimations for coverage of weeds. However, this technique depends by the evaluator subjectivity, performance, and training, causing errors and bias when estimating weeds abundance. This chapter introduces a methodology to process multispectral images, based on histograms of oriented gradients and support vector machines to detect weeds in lettuce crops. The method was validated by experts on weed science, and the statistical differences were calculated. There were no significant differences between expert analysis and the proposed method. Therefore, this method offers a way to analyze large areas of crops in less time and with greater precision.
The Use of Video as a Tool for Building Reflective Educators
Authors: Ceglie Robert John , Abernathy Dixie F.
Published: January 2020

Providing opportunities for novice and veteran teachers to reflect and asses their instruction is essential for building professional expertise. The importance of the skill of reflection has historically been valued as a critical characteristic of a good teacher. In Donald Schön's seminal work, The Reflective Practitioner (1983), he affirmed the importance of reflection in the teaching profession and stressed how skillful reflection builds professional excellence. Using Schön's work as a framework, the authors explore the use of video as a tool to support both competence and reflective practices in novice and veteran teachers enrolled in online education programs. This chapter surveys recent studies that support the growth of competent, reflective teachers. Video, combined with guidance on thoughtful reflection, support the use of instructional practices that build and strengthen teacher competence.
Theory and Application in the Design and Delivery of Engaging Online Courses
Authors: Abernathy Dixie F. , Thornburg Amy Wooten
Published: January 2020

For the last quarter of a century, online learning has emerged as a viable and, in many cases, preferable instructional option for higher education students. As this wave of educational change became more prevalent and sought after by students and faculty, at times the implementation, driven by financial benefit as well as student demand, may have advanced beyond the preparation. Research and experience have now exposed numerous issues that may hinder the effectiveness of online learning for all involved stakeholders. Designing effective online courses is the first step, but too often the preparation for and focus on engaging instruction and learning ends as the course design is concluding. Recognizing the key principles behind effective student and instructor engagement may add to the overall stakeholder experience in the online learning environment.
Structures and Considerations for SoTL Educational Development
Authors: Friberg Jennifer C. , Scharff Lauren
Published: January 2020

Colleges and universities around the world share a broad focus on education. However, unique characteristics and priorities across institutions may lead to vastly different educational development opportunities for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) and levels of impact for the SoTL efforts (e.g., micro, meso, macro, mega). This chapter is organized in two distinct parts. Part 1 examines five different structures typical for SoTL educational development with a focus on their organizational structure within the institution and the SoTL expertise of individuals who that lead these efforts. Strengths and limitations of each structure are presented. Part 2 provides a discussion of critical considerations that impact all SoTL educational development efforts regardless of the type of structure that exists within an institution.
Insights Into an Interdisciplinary Project on Critical Reflection in Nursing
Authors: Tilakaratna Namala Lakshmi , Brooke Mark , Monbec Laetitia , Lau Siew Tiang , Wu Vivien Xi , Chan Yah Shih
Published: January 2020

The chapter provides a description of the first stage of an SoTL project consisting of an interdisciplinary research collaboration between nursing disciplinary experts from the Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies (ALCNS) and academic literacy experts from the Centre for English Language Communication (CELC) at the National University of Singapore (NUS). This stage includes the creation of appropriate lesson material for teaching critical reflection drawing on Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with nursing lecturers and the use of ‘model' reflective writing texts from high-scoring students in past cohorts analysed using Systemic Functional linguistic frameworks such as genre pedagogy, appraisal, The Legitimation Code Theory tool of semantic waves. The intervention was designed to improve the highly valued skill of ‘critical reflection' in nursing undergraduate clinical modules drawing on the use of rigorous theoretical frameworks that make visible salient linguistics resources and knowledge practices drawing on SFL and LCT.
UDL in Action
Authors: Haynes Aisha S.
Published: January 2020

This chapter discusses universal design strategies that could be implemented in online courses. The author discusses the application of universal design (UD) principles in a large (180 students) online Computer Applications in Hospitality, Retail, and Sport Management course. A survey was completed by students to determine the impact of UD strategies that were incorporated in the course. The results showed the ability to use learning aids when completing assignments, receiving instant feedback on assignments and the ability to complete course assignments unlimited times before the due date are impactful to student learning. The purpose of this chapter is to provide educators with a bank of UD strategies that can be used in online courses.
Eye Movements and Mirror Neurons
Authors: Iurato Giuseppe
Published: January 2020

Denotational mathematics, in the context of universal algebra, may provide algebraic structures that are able to formalize human eye movement dynamics with respect to Husserlian phenomenological theory, from which it is then possible to make briefly reference to some further relations with mirror neuron system and related topics. In this way, the authors have provided a first instance of fruitful application of socio-humanities (to be precise, philosophy and sociology) in exact/natural science used in formalizing processes.
Oil and Gas Production Prediction Based on SVM and Improved Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Peng Jun , Qiao Yudeng , Jin Shangzhu , Tang Dedong , Ge Lan , Xia Qinfeng , Pang Shaoning
Published: January 2020

Cognitive information is widely used in the field of oil and gas, where production forecasts are of great importance to companies. In this chapter, combining support vector machine and improved particle swarm optimization algorithm, a gas field production prediction model is established, and the model is validated by the actual production data of an enterprise over the years. The results show that the model has good convergence, high prediction accuracy, and training speed and can predict its output more accurately. The method adopted in this chapter is the development of cognitive information technology. The authors have reason to believe that with the continuous development of cognitive information technology, it will have a far-reaching impact on social progress.
Development of a Model for Retention of MS/MPhil Students at Virtual University (VU) of Pakistan
Authors: Rafiq Muhammad Yasir , Azad Mueen Ud-Din , Rafique Aamer , Chang Lu Shi
Published: January 2020

Due to the of use of ICTs and ODL, Virtual University (VU) has become one of leading distance learning university in Pakistan. However, the retention rate among online learners found considerably low. The primary objective of this research was to dig out determinants of retention of MS /MPhil students at VU and modeling their retention by considering important influences. For sampling purpose, three departments with the most students were considered and complete enumeration was done. There were 4,608 students from three departments; Computer Science & Technology, Management Sciences and Education have been included in this study. To dig out the important retention factors, this research has used a Chi-Square test, optimal scaling, a decision tree using CHAID analysis, and then developed a suitable model for student retention. Binary logistic regression techniques were applied. Results have revealed that gender, scholarship, province, location, and division are significant factors and contributing in predicting students' retention at VU. Detailed outputs are shown in respective tables and figures. At the end, different recommendations and suggestions are proposed.
Development and Calculation of a Computer Model and Modern Distributed Algorithms for Dispersed Systems Aggregation
Authors: Zhumatayev Nurlybek , Umarova Zhanat , Besbayev Gani , Zholshiyeva Almira
Published: January 2020

In this work, an attempt has been made to eliminate the contradiction of the Smoluchowski equation, using modern distributed algorithms for creating calculation algorithm and implementation a program for building a more perfect model by changing the type of the kinetic equation of aggregation taking into account the relaxation times. On the basis of the applied Mathcad package, there is a developed computer model for calculating the aggregation of dispersed systems. The obtained system of differential equations of the second order is solved by the Runge-Kutt method. The authors are presetting the initial conditions of the calculation. A subsequent analysis was made of the obtained non-local equations and the study of the behavior of solutions of different orders. Also, this research can be aimed at the generalization of the proposed approach for the analysis of aggregation processes in heterogeneous dispersed systems, involving the creation of aggregation models, taking into account both time and space non-locality.
Mobile Government Services and Resident Satisfaction
Authors: Al Najjar Mohammed Adel , Alabdelqader Assem , Abu-Shanab Emad Ahmed
Published: January 2020

The success of any mobile service depends on the perceived efficiency and effectiveness of using the service. This research article attempts to evaluate the factors influencing the effectiveness and efficiency of the Kahramaa mobile service, where both influence users' satisfaction. From a system's features perspective, timeliness and availability were significant predictors of efficiency, accuracy, and usability were significant predictors of effectiveness. Accessibility and reliability failed to influence efficiency and effectiveness respectively. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the research model and explained 61.7% of the variance in satisfaction. The article reports valuable insights for public officials and researchers based on a system's features perspective. Conclusions and implications are reported at the end.
Employee Information Security Practices
Authors: Hustad Eli , Bekkevik Frode Mathias , Holm Ole Reidar , Vassilakopoulou Polyxeni
Published: January 2020

Employee information security practices are pivotal to prevent, detect, and respond to security incidents. This article synthesizes insights from research on challenges related to employee information security practices and measures to address them. The challenges identified are associated to idiosyncratic aspects of communities and individuals within organizations (culture and personal characteristics) and to systemic aspects of organizations (procedural and structural arrangements). The measures aimed to enhance systemic capabilities and to adapt security mechanisms to the idiosyncratic characteristics and are categorized as: (a) measures of training and awareness; (b) measures of organizational support; and (c) measures of rewards and penalties. Further research is needed to explore the dynamics related to how challenges emerge, develop, and get addressed over time and also, to explore the interplay between systemic and idiosyncratic aspects. Additionally, research is needed on the role of security managers and how it can be reconfigured to suit flatter organizations.
Citizen Attitudes Towards E-Government Services
Authors: Kaya Tuğberk , Sağsan Mustafa , Yıldız Mete , Medeni Tunç , Medeni Tolga
Published: January 2020

This article presents the findings of a comparative study about citizen attitudes towards e-government services, which was conducted in the Northern and Southern Nicosia Municipalities in Cyprus. The study is important and valuable first due to the fact that Cyprus is a small island, a topic which received limited attention in e-government research. Second, Nicosia remains the world's last divided capital city, and e-government comparisons in divided capital cities are even rarer. The results show that both municipalities were rated poorly in terms of efficiency, transparency, and vision. The models also indicate that the development of e-government practices affect e-voting, perceived e-government benefits and organizational agility positively in both cases. Nepotism was found to negatively affect the development of e-government practices in the North, whereas human rights and social media have a positive effect. E-government practices affected the dissemination of democratic behaviour, and attitudes towards innovation and mobile government positively in Southern Nicosia.
Modeling the Complexity of Road Accidents Prevention
Authors: Kizito Alex , Semwanga Agnes Rwashana
Published: January 2020

Simplistic representations of traffic safety disregard the dynamic interactions between the components of the road transport system (RTS). The resultant road accident (RA) preventive measures are consequently focused almost solely on individual/team failures at the sharp end of the RTS (mainly the road users). The RTS is complex and therefore cannot be easily understood by studying the system parts in isolation. The study modeled the occurrence of road accidents in Uganda using the dynamic synthesis methodology (DSM). This article presents the work done in the first three stages of the DSM. Data was collected from various stakeholders including road users, traffic police officers, road users, and road constructors. The study focused on RA prevention by considering the linear and non-linear interactions of the variables during the pre-crash phase. Qualitative models were developed and from these, key leverage points that could possibly lower the road accident incidences demonstrating the need for a shared system wide responsibility for road safety at all levels are suggested.
Influência dos estados limites último e de serviço no dimensionamento de pontes e viadutos mistos de aço e concreto em seção caixão
Authors: Nicoletti Renato , Souza Alex Sander Clemente de
Published: January 2020

As pontes e viadutos mistos de aço e concreto, sobretudo na configuração em seção caixão, apresentam uma série de vantagens. Entretanto, há uma grande discrepância nas recomendações normativas quanto à verificação dos estados limites de serviço. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho sintetiza e discute as recomendações para as deflexões limites estabelecidas pelas principais normalizações e existentes na literatura, e avalia a influência dos estados limites último e de serviço para o dimensionamento de pontes em seção caixão. Para tanto, foram avaliadas 11 pontes nas quais investigou-se a influência dos estados limites últimos e de serviço em seu dimensionamento. Averiguou-se que o carregamento que ocasiona a plastificação da seção mista produz deflexões consideravelmente superiores às estabelecidas pelas normas. Embora o limite de deflexão recomendado pelas normalizações não considere o efeito das vibrações na estrutura, verifica-se que os limites recomendados são muito severos e, portanto, faz-se necessário estudos adicionais a fim de que os critérios existentes sejam reavaliados e, caso necessário, outros sejam propostos.