bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lactoferrin Potentiates Inducible Regulatory T Cell Differentiation through TGF-β Receptor III Binding and Activation of Membrane-Bound TGF-β
Authors: Jang Young-Saeng , Song Ha-Eon , Seo Goo-Young , Jo Hyeon-Ju , Park Sunhee , Park Hui-Won , Kim Tae-Gyu , Kang Seung-Goo , Yoon Sung-il , Ko Hyun-Jeong , Lee Geun-Shik , Park Seok-Rae , Kim Pyeung-Hyeun
Published: November 2021

Lactoferrin (LF) is known to possess anti-inflammatory activity, although its mechanisms of action are not well-understood. The present study asked whether LF affects the commitment of inducible regulatory T cells (Tregs). LF substantially promoted Foxp3 expression by mouse activated CD4+T cells, and this activity was further enhanced by TGF-β1. Interestingly, blocking TGF-β with anti–TGF-β Ab completely abolished LF-induced Foxp3 expression. However, no significant amount of soluble TGF-β was released by LF-stimulated T cells, suggesting that membrane TGF-β (mTGF-β) is associated. Subsequently, it was found that LF binds to TGF-β receptor III, which induces reactive oxygen species production and diminishes the expression of mTGF-β–bound latency-associated peptide, leading to the activation of mTGF-β. It was followed by phosphorylation of Smad3 and enhanced Foxp3 expression. These results suggest that LF induces Foxp3+ Tregs through TGF-β receptor III/reactive oxygen species–mediated mTGF-β activation, triggering canonical Smad3-dependent signaling. Finally, we found that the suppressive activity of LF-induced Tregs is facilitated mainly by CD39/CD73-induced adenosine generation and that this suppressor activity alleviates inflammatory bowel disease.
A forgotten past is the past that is yet to be
Authors: Bhebhe Sindiso , Ngoepe Mpho
Published: November 2021

South Africa is one of the few countries in Africa that has a running oral history association. In some countries, especially in southern Africa, these oral history associations have arisen and then died a natural death. For example, Oral Traditions Association of Zimbabwe (OTAZI) did not last long. Therefore, it is a positive development for South Africa to have a functioning oral history association. The Oral History Association of South Africa (OHASA) is the brainchild of the government and is mainly funded by the government. It is involved in the coordination and documentation of stories that were silent during the apartheid era. Therefore, with this highly perceived task it is necessary to critically evaluate its successes and failures in meeting the objectives of the National Oral History Programme (NOHP). This paper, through document analysis and purposively selected interviews, critically evaluates the achievements and shortcomings of the OHASA from its inception to present with the aim of proposing a ‘working’ model which involves the setting up of a monitoring and evaluating system. The paper concludes that although OHASA unveiled the muted marginalised voices, it soral history programme demonstrate elitism in critical emancipatory as mostly the stories of the elites are covered. Furthermore, such recorded stories are not accessible as the recordings are stashed in the boxes in archives repositories.
Disproportions in archival collections usage in Malawi
Authors: Mkuwira Robert Moffat
Published: November 2021

While the ultimate goal of preserving archives is that they should be used, their usage is not uniform. Using data from interviews, records analysis and observation guides, this study examined the use of archival materials at the National Records and Archives Services of Malawi by exploring the collections, users and usage of the facility. The study established that some archival materials are heavily used while others are rarely used or not used at all. It recommends intensive preservation of heavily used materials and promotion of those that are rarely used or unused.
Factors influencing the adoption of free and open-source software for electronic records management by municipalities in Gauteng Province, South Africa
Authors: Shekgola Mahlatse , Maluleka Jan , Rodrigues Antonio
Published: November 2021

The South African cabinet adopted policy recommendations from the Government Information Technology Officer's Council pertaining to Free and Open-Source Software (FOSS). Even though the South African Cabinet has shown support for the use of FOSS through the enactment of a policy, the adoption of open source software in electronic records management seems to be slow. Proprietary software continues to be adopted and used by most public institutions, including local and provincial municipalities in South Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate factors that may influence the adoption and use of FOSS for electronic records management by South African municipalities. The study adopted a qualitative research approach to collect data from 10 purposively selected municipalities in Gauteng. Data were analysed and presented thematically to address the research question. The findings of this study suggest that municipalities in Gauteng are not adopting FOSS for electronic records management as expected. This study established that top management support, reliability, affordability of the software, inadequate capability, contracts with proprietary software providers, organisational culture and organisational support are some of the factors that contributed to the low uptake when it comes to the adoption of Free and Open-Source Software by the municipalities.
Political history of Spain (2016–2020): overcoming the crisis
Authors: Anikeeva N. E.
Published: November 2021

In this article the author analyses the development of political process in Spain between the two crises of 2015–2016 and 2019–2020, highlighting the strong suits and problem issues of the domestic political debate, including the Catalan issue, as well as the problem related to the migration aspect. An overview of the evolution of the country’s foreign policy agenda is presented, including the foreign policy course towards the Russian Federation. The author analyzes political and economic aspects after the general parliamentary elections of June 26, 2016, which resulted in overcoming the governmental crisis that began in Spain in December 2015 and establishing Mariano Rajoy the head of the Popular Party (PP) government. The latest cabinet of the PP government was approved in November 2016. Rajoy himself had been serving as a Prime Minister of Spain from December 2011 to June 2018. Soon, a new stage in the political history of the Spanish state began, which was associated with the rise to power of the Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE) led by Pedro Sánchez since 2018. PSOE thus won the parliamentary elections in Spain on April 28, 2019. The next elections in 2019 were held on November 10 and turned out to be much more complex and unpredictable than the previous one. PSOE stroke a similar political balance of power to that of April. Confirmation of Pedro Sánchez as a Prime Minister of Spain in January 2020 ended a protracted political crisis in the country, when the Spanish government had been in an acting status for some eight months.
ESTIMATION OF THE DEPENDENCE PARAMETERS OF NUCLEAR STRUCTURAL MATERIALS HARDNESS ON THE CONTENT OF GAS IMPURITIES: AN INTERVAL APPROACH
Authors: Potanina Т.V. , Yefimov O.V. , Pylypenko M.M.
Published: November 2021

The applications of the interval and standard probabilistic approaches for verifying the reliability of the results of an experiment studying the mechanical properties of nuclear materials are compared. The presence of “outliers” in a sample of hardness values for hafnium ingots is studied with for fixed oxygen mass content. The situation of measurement error limitation without reliable information about its distribution is considered. The correctness of the application of numerical methods of interval analysis for processing experimental data under conditions of uncertainty and noisy experimental data is shown. Determination of the dependence of the Brinell hardness of refined hafnium samples on the mass oxygen content was performed by a combination of methods: removal of anomalous measurements by interval analysis methods and approximation of data from truncated samples by the method Levenberg-Marquardt minimization.
OPTIMIZATION OF USE CONDITIONS FOR CATHODIC ARC NICKEL COATING DOPED WITH PHOSPHORUS
Authors: Lapitskaya V.A. , Kuznetsova T.A. , Trukhan R.E. , Khabarava A.V. , Chizhik S.A. , Kuprin A.S. , Komarov A.I. , Orda D.V. , Kudin D.V. , Koneru A.
Published: November 2021

The results of tribological tests for a cathodic arc nickel coating doped with phosphorus are presented. The coating (thickness of 2 μm) is applied by a vacuum arc method from a nickel target with 6% phosphorus. The friction coefficient (Cfr) was determined on the tribometer, the depth of wear h of the coating after tribological tests was determined by the contact profilometry method, and the specific volumetric wear (ω) was calculated. The obtained values of Cfr, ω, and h were used to optimize the parameters of tribological tests (load and slip frequency).
ВЛИЯНИЕ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ РЕЖИМОВ ТЕРМООБРАБОТКИ НА УДАРНУЮ ВЯЗКОСТЬ МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКОГО СЛОИСТОГО КОМПОЗИТА (МСК) НА ОСНОВЕ СТАЛИ 3 И МЕДИ М1
Authors: Воеводин В.Н. , Ильченко Н.И. , Ростова А.Ю. , Крайнюк Е.А. , Ильченко О.Н.
Published: November 2021

Изучено влияние предварительной термической обработки на твердость, ударную вязкость и прокаливаемость металлического слоистого композита на основе стали 3 и меди М1. Были проведены исследования микроструктуры полученных композитов.
New Era of Accounting System based on Artificial Intelligence (AI)- Triadic- Entry Accounting
Authors:   Lecturer of Commerce, East Calcutta Girls' College, Kolkata India, Ghosh Chinmoy
Published: November 2021

Triadic- Entry Accounting is not the term for it, there are considerable benefits in writing deals to an Artificial Intelligence (AI). Important like journal entries are presently recorded in an association’s subledgers (e.g., Accounts Receivable) and general tally, recording deals on an Artificial Intelligence (AI) would give visibility into affiliated deals.
Inventory Management Practices of Micro, Small and Medium Grocery Stores in Daet, Camarines Norte
Authors:   24Task LLC., Secretario, MBA Ryan Edison G.
Published: November 2021

Sourcing, storing and selling are the three very significant processes in the practice of inventory management. These processes are the focus of assessment of this research to a group of selected MSM grocery stores in Daet, Camarines Norte. Specifically, it sought answers to the following questions: 1) What is the profile of the MSM grocery stores in Daet, Camarines Norte in terms of length of the business operation, current capitalization; and total number of inventory management personnel? 2) What are the existing inventory management practices of grocery stores and their assessment of the level of effectiveness in terms of sourcing, storing, and selling? and, 3) Is there a significant relationship between the profile of the MSM grocery stores and the assessment of the level of effectiveness of the inventory management practices of grocery stores? The study covered 150 respondents composed of MSM grocery stores. Descriptive-correlational method and F-test (One Factor Analysis of Variance) were used in the gathering and treatment of data. Frequency count and percentage were employed to determine the number of respondents characterized by each of the items in the profile. Weighted mean and adjectival ratings were utilized in marking the inventory management practices as well as the challenges encountered by MSM grocery stores. Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation and the Somers’s Delta using the SPSS software was used in determining the significant relationship between the level of effectiveness of the inventory management practices of MSM grocery stores and their profile. The findings of the study revealed that majority or 38 percent of the MSM grocery stores are already existing for 4 to 6 years with less than Php 3,000,000 current capitalization and most of them admitted that they had no particular employee assigned as inventory management personnel. The existing inventory management practices along the sourcing and storing process were all absolutely effective with ABC Classification System being the highest indicator. Moreover, findings showed that the inventory management practices for selling were 50 percent absolutely effective and 50 percent highly effective, where Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) was the highest indicator. In the correlation analysis conducted, it was found out that the length of business operation and the level of effectiveness of inventory management practices of MSM Grocery stores along sourcing and storing are not significantly related unlike selling as an inventory management process which resulted to a significant correlation. Further, all other profiles such as current capitalization and the number of inventory management personnel have no significant relationship to the effectiveness of the inventory management practices of the respondents.
Membangun Branding Produk UMKM Melalui Media Sosial Tiktok
Authors: Fawahan Lian , Purnasari Ita Marianingsih
Published: November 2021

The occurrence of the Covid-19 pandemic  makes many MSMEs have to lose money and go out of business, whereas in Indonesia the most important joint that sustains the wheels of the country's economy is MSMEs. In addition to the pandemic, the challenge of MSMEs is rise of the digital economy movement is very  rapid  for making    MSMEs  demanded to understand information technology. The covid-19 pandemic is increasingly encouraging human activity through the internet network. One of the simplest steps to build a brand through TikTok social media. In  2020 number of downloads amounted to 63.3 million both in the Apple store and the play store the best-selling application is TikTok. Indonesia  is the downloader of the application amounting to 11% of the total downloads of tiktok application, with tiktok MSME actors can build their product brand, considering it does not require a lot of cost and energy. The potential of the wider market and the future business will also be a consideration because tiktok social media is widely used by millennials who have high consumptive power.  This study uses qualitative descriptive, uses literature studies quoted from book journals as well as relevant websites. The purpose of this study is to encourage MSMEs to have a good brand so that they can compete with other products, and through social media, especially TikTok, the MSME market segment can be wider internationally. Considering that social media has eliminated geography, meaning that when it can go viral social media, everyone can see MSME products.

Keywords: MSMEs, Branding, TikTok
Pengaruh Brand Image dan Kualitas Pelayanan Bank Syariah terhadap Keputusan Mahasiswa Menabung pada Pengikut Autobase @Collegemenfess
Authors: Maulida Husnul , Nawawi M. Kholil , Hakim Hilman
Published: November 2021

Brand Image and service quality are some of the factors that can influence the saving decisions made by customers. As a result, banks as much as possible must be able to create a good brand image and service quality in the eyes of the public, this aims to meet the needs and desires of customers. This study aims to determine the effect of brand image and service quality variables on student decisions to save. This study uses quantitative methods and research data collection techniques are carried out by distributing online questionnaires to students via Twitter which will then be used as samples. The results showed that the significant value for the influence of brand image on students' saving decisions was 0.02 and the significant value of the service quality variable on students' saving decisions was 0.04. This means that the X1 and X2 variables have an influence on the Y variable.
Efektivitas Program Baznas Microfinance di Desa Bojong Rangkas Ciampea Bogor
Authors: Febriansyah Sigit , Hamdani  Ikhwan , Ikhtiono Gunawan
Published: November 2021

Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are proven to have played a role in economic development and growth, not only in developing countries but in developed countries as well. MSMEs are very important because this business sector absorbs more workers than large businesses. However, there is one problem faced by MSMEs in all countries, namely limited capital, which is mainly due to small or no access to banks or other financial institutions. In this case, zakat distributed to mustahiq will act as a supporter of their economic improvement if allocated to productive activities. The National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) is a zakat management institution established by the government that distributes zakat funds productively through a program, namely Baznas Microfinance. This study aims to determine how effective the Baznas Microfinance Desa program is in disbursing funds, to find out how effective the Baznas Microfinance Desa program is to improve MSME skills, and to find out what obstacles are faced by BMD Bojong Rangkas. This research is a qualitative research with a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques using interviews and documentation. Interviews were conducted with Baznas Microfinance in Bojong Rangkas Village. The results of the study show that Baznas Microfinance Desa provides loans only to zakat mustahik whose income is less than the minimum wage and the allocation is only for business. The maximum limit for applying for a loan is Rp. 2.500.000;- After getting a loan, there will also be a mentoring process carried out by BMD such as financial management training, product photos, marketing training, business development. Constraints faced by BMD Bojong Rangkas are the incompatibility of partners with the initial realization, delays in paying installments, and also many mustahik who do not know that in this program there is a business assistance process.
Penerapan Etika Bisnis Islam Dalam Transaksi Jual Beli pada Wirausaha Muslim
Authors: Lubis Rismayanti , Nawawi M. Kholil , Hakiem Hilman
Published: November 2021

Rismayanti Lubis 171104080851 “Penerapan Etika Bisnis Islam Dalam Transaksi Jual Beli Pada Wirausaha Muslim (Studi Pada Wirausaha Muslim di Desa Laladon)” in business competition is the ethics have to business people because the way regulates all human activites including business by giving limitation whatever may done and who cannot be done. this research explains how the implementation of ethical business people in transaction in muslim entrepreneurs in the village Laladon behavior and now how muslim entrepreneurs in the village Laladon according to Islamic. Bisiness this research in a qualitative. Descriptive approachdata collection techniques used in this research in the from of interview, observation and documentation the result of the transaction on muslim entrepreneneurs in the village Laladon cash, however some entrepreneurs have digital transaction, provides payments and have made a run of the seller and buyer. The implementation of ethical business on muslim entrepreneurs in the village Laladon by applying the principle of unity the principle of justice, the principle of trustful, and responsibilities, principle of rectitude, products sold lawful, and did not do bisnis mal has ini practice in an entrepreneurship activity. Muslim entrepreneurial behavior in the village Laladon gave the best services with an attitude suave and customer with a vengeance. The application of islam in business ethics transaction on muslim entrepreneurs in the village Laladon has is served in accordance with islam Syariah.
Immunity Boosting Medicinal Plants to Beat Covid -19 in Seraj Block of Mandi District, Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Lata Manju , Jamali Mohammad
Published: November 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to document the present status of medicinal plants used to boost the immunity to combat Coronavirus.
Materials and Methods: For the assessment and use of herbs during the Covid 19 pandemic, surveys were conducted in different villages of  Seraj block. The surveys were conducted during the spread of the pandemic from 2020 to 2021. Local people were interviewed and information on the utilization of local herbs during this pandemic was recorded. Information on parts used, the procedure of use, habit, habitat, etc. was also collected.
Results: A total of 58 species of medicinal plants from 27 families and 42 genera were documented. Among them, the most dominant family was Rosaceae.  Most of the plants such as Morchella sp, Naustratium officinale,Taraxacum officinale ,Urtica dioica ,Allium sp,Withania foraminifera, Curcuma longa, Cannabis, Mentha, Ocimum sanctum are rich in antioxidants and have a wide range of medicinal values used to treat cough, cold, fever, and bronchitis. All these plants were used traditionally to boost immunity. Due to the covid -19 pandemic, the utilization of these herbal plants has increased many folds in the area. These medicinal plants should be made available to scientists to design clinical trials. Integration of this concept would certainly develop drug therapy in the near future.
Conclusion: The study found that the use of medicinal plants has increased during COVID-19 and most of the respondents recommended medicinal plants to prevent COVID-19 and to boost immunity. More studies should be conducted to develop certain formulations.
FACTORS INFLUENCING TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION BY TRADITIONAL AFRICAN VEGETABLE FARMERS IN NORTHERN GHANA
Authors: Issaka Yakubu Balma , Nyarko George , Quaidoo Doris
Published: November 2021

The production of traditional African vegetables is an age-old tradition among the people of the northern region of Ghana. However, the knowledge base of traditional African vegetable production remains local due to a lack of research and policy support. Therefore, the adoption of improved technology among traditional vegetable farmers is generally low and impedes efforts to promote widespread cultivation, consumption and even commercialisation. This study aims at clarifying potential factors that determine the adoption of technologies by traditional African vegetable farmers in the northern region of Ghana. One hundred and five (105) respondents in five communities and across two administrative districts in the northern region were selected for an in-depth survey using a combination of quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. In addition, a logit regression was used to determine the effect of various factors on technology adoption by farmers. Among the factors, the educational level of a farmer, access to credit, farm size, experience in farming and access to extension support were found to be important factors affecting the decision of traditional African vegetable farmers to adopt improved technology. The results of this study can help enhance the effectiveness of policy re-orientation towards a more effective commercialisation of traditional African vegetables in Ghana and elsewhere.
Peran Majelis Permusyawaratan Ulama dalam Meningkatkan Akreditasi Pesantren di Kabupaten Bener Meriah
Authors: Yani Ahmad , Prasetyo Muhammad Anggung Manumanoso
Published: November 2021

Dayah accreditation is one of the efforts in ensuring the quality of pesantren education services. One of the strategies of pesantren in achieving effective accreditation results is collaborating with external parties. MPU and pesantren are organizations that have the same orientation, namely ensuring the implementation of values ​​based on Islamic law. The research method used is a qualitative diary method. Sources of informants are MPU management and several Islamic Boarding School leaders. The results showed that the MPU's role in the accreditation of the dayah included (2) advisors and policy deliberations related to the fulfillment of educational service standards as the main instrument of dayah accreditation; (2) strengthening external support through optimizing the dayah committee and strengthening organizational committees. The social implications of this research result in collaborative efforts in maintaining community stability. Through the accreditation system, it is expected to be able to improve the quality of education services held by Islamic boarding schools.
Characterization of Physical Activity and Sedentary Time Across College Years
Authors: Cabre Hannah E. , Hirsch Katie R. , Blue Malia N.M. , Nelson Alyson G. , Smith-Ryan Abbie E.
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to characterize physical activity (PA), sedentary time (ST), and body composition across collegiate years. 143 participants (Age: 19.7±1.2yrs) were measured using a modified four compartment model and the Long International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Two-way ANOVAs and Pearson Correlations were utilized. For males, PA and ST were significant across class year. Vigorous PA and ST were significantly correlated to %body fat (p=0.001 and p=0.036, respectively) and fat mass (p=0.002 and p=0.023, respectively) suggesting vigorous PA and reduced ST may be associated with improved body composition. Males expressed differences in PA and ST across class year while females were stable.
Commentary: Who is Remembering Local Public Health? The Forgotten Pandemic Worker
Authors: Brookins-Fisher Jodi , Blavos Alexis , Hancher-Rauch Heidi , Thompson Amy
Published: November 2021

As the COVID-19 pandemic rages, there is no end in sight to the stress induced on the public health workforce. It is clear over the last 18+ months that the woeful underfunding of public health efforts across the US impacted the speed and agility with which public health experts have tackled the pandemic. This has led to the emotional decimation of public health workers who have plowed forward, even as they have worked long and stressful hours while also being politically and physically vilified. If this continues, what does the future of our public health workforce look like?
O USO DO PRÓPOLIS NA DESINFECÇÃO DO CANAL RADICULAR DURANTE O TRATAMENTO ENDODÔNTICO
Authors: Dudu-Silva Gustavo , Santos Dourado Gabriela , Bueno-Silva Bruno
Published: November 2021

A taxa de sucesso endodôntico varia entre 86% e 98%, mas para que esses valores sejam atingidos, é fundamental a remoção de todo e qualquer tipo de microrganismos do canal radicular. Para alcançar o sucesso do tratamento a longo prazo, é necessária uma excelente desinfecção endodontica. Durante o manejo, a instrumentação é fundamental, porém, sozinha não promove eliminação completa das bactérias, assim surge a importância das substâncias antimicrobianas para eliminação dos microrganismos. Atualmente, temos como principais irrigantes endodônticos o Hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl) e a Clorexidina (CHX), mas, apesar de muito utilizados, podem ser tóxicos e prejudiciais aos tecidos periapicais. Diversas substâncias estão sendo pesquisadas a fim de encontrarem a solução antimicrobiana ideal e uma delas é a própolis. Portanto, o objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar a eficácia da própolis na desinfecção do canal radicular, quando comparada a CHX e o NaOCl, por meio da literatura. A própolis coletada das plantas pelas abelhas, é uma substância resinosa e biocompatível, além de ter propriedades antibacterianas, anti-inflamatórias, antitumorais, antifúngicas etc. Baseado nos artigos levantados, observou-se que a espécie Enterococcus faecalis destacou-se como principal patógeno responsável pelo insucesso do tratamento endodôntico. Pesquisas mostram que a própolis mostrou efetividade contra a Candida Albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Prevotella e Actinomyces, em diferentes formas de pesquisas. Com base nesse estudo concluímos que a própolis, apesar de não ser o agente irrigante com maior efetividade em comparação aos demais, vem despertando interesse nas pesquisas por ser uma solução que apresenta ótimos resultados contra microrganismos endodônticos.
Tasawuf, Irfani, dan Dialektika Pengetahuan Islam
Authors: Farhan Ibnu , Arafat Ahmad Tajuddin
Published: November 2021

Cita-cita para Sufi adalah berusaha untuk berperangai seperti perangai Tuhan. Ada sebuah ungkapan yang masyhur di kalangan Sufi, yakni takhallaq bi akhlaq Allah (berperangailah seperti perangai Allah). Tasawuf,dalam lintasan sejarahnya, telah mengalami perkembangan, mulai dari yang bersifat individual hingga yang bersifat terorganisir dalam bentuk suatu tarekat atau ribat Sufi tertentu, sehingga ia dapat menghadirkan tipe-tipe dari kebutuhan spiritual dan psikologis manusia. Dalam perspektif epistemology Islam, Tasawuf masuk dalam ranah nalar Irfani. Epistemologi ini merupakan suatu pengetahuan langsung (al-ru’yah al-mubasyirah) yang diperoleh lewat pengalaman intuitif melalui pendekatan kasyf (penyinaran hakikat oleh Tuhan). Oleh karenanya, validitas kebenarannya dikatakan oleh sebagian orang masih bersifat subjektif, karena masih mendasarkan pada pengalaman personal yang melakukan latihan spiritual. Meski demikian, pengalaman dan pengetahuan sufistik, dalam perspektif epistemologis, masih bias dipertanggunga jawabkan kebenarannya. Setidaknya, ada dua kriteria dalam menguji kebenaran Tasawuf. Pertama, pernyataan sufistik pada dasarnya dapat diuji kebenarannya melalui teori koherensi. Artinya, suatu pernyataan intuitif adalah benar jika pernyataan itu konsisten dengan pernyataan-pernyataan sebelumnya yang dianggap benar. Kedua, pernyataan dan pengalaman sufistik juga dapat diuji kebenarannya melalui teori kebenaran pragmatis. Hal itu dapat dibuktikan dari banyaknya masyarakat yang mengikuti ajaran-ajaran tarekat Tasawuf tertentu sebagai upaya untuk menjernihkan hati dan mendekatkan diri kepada Tuhan. Sehingga, tarekat menjadi semacam sistem sufistik yang mempunyai manfaat praktis dalam upaya menyelami kedalaman spiritual untuk menggapai kehidupan yang lebih bahagia dan tentram. Selain itu, Tasawuf bukanlah sebuah tradisi yang muncul di luar Islam, melainkan tradisi yang tumbuh bersamaan dengan tumbuh dan berkembangnya peradaban Islam. Tasawuf telah banyak memberikan manfaat bagi perkembangan serta kematangan dalam tradisi intelektual Islam. Meski tradisi ini sering dianggap sebagai sebuah tradisi yang menyimpang dari Islam, namun kenyataannya ia adalah bagian yang substansif dalam Islam, yang mana Islam tanpanya kurang mencapai pada derajat yang luhur. Sebab tasawuf merupakan manifestasi konsep ihsan yang hakikatnya merupakan pelengkap sekaligus penyempurna iman dan islam.
Evaluating Restoration Capacity and Costs of Managing the Emerald Ash Borer with a Web-based Cost Calculator in Urban Forests
Authors: Sadof Clifford , Purcell Lindsey , Bishop Forrest , Quesada Carlos , Zhang Zhi-Wei
Published: November 2021

Described here is the development of a web-based cost calculator for projecting management costs and restoration, during a planned response to an emerald ash borer invasion in the City of Indianapolis, IN, U.S. Forest sizes, measured as the sum of tree diameters, and costs of managing urban ash trees were projected under various management scenarios over a 25-year period. The study authors illustrate how a city can use local information to compare management plans. Although the simple strategy of treating all ash trees provided the lowest annual cost and produced the largest forest, this option was ultimately the most expensive. Simply removing ash trees and replacing them with resistant trees restored the forest to its initial size after 25 years. However, after taking five years to complete tree removal and replacement, the initial ash forest was reduced to a mere 27% of its original size. When this management plan was modified, by protecting trees in the median size class with insecticides, the restoration forest was below 50% of the initial size for two years but at a discounted cost that was only 6% greater than replacing all trees. The authors of the study describe how the cost calculator can be used to address the unique local attributes of urban forests.
Compatibility of Toothed Ascenders with Arborist Climbing Ropes
Authors: Kane Brian
Published: November 2021

Climbers are increasingly using ascenders to access trees, both as a substitute for Prusik loops used in footlocking a doubled rope and with the single rope technique. Manufacturers, however, have explicit limitations on use of ascenders, many of which are violated when used in tree climb-ing. Ascenders were tested on four arborist climbing ropes in a dynamic drop test; impact load and arrest distance were measured. Of 67 tests, arrest distance met the EN 12841-2006 Standard (≤2 m) only 10 times. Impact loads averaged more than five kN, adding a backup friction hitch to the as-cender increased impact load to more than six kN. Climbers need to be made aware of the appropriate use of ascenders, and only use compatible ropes.
Preliminary Evidence for Using Statistical Classification of Vibration Waveforms as an Initial Decay Detection Tool
Authors: Mucciardi Anthony , Luley Christoper , Gormally Kevin
Published: November 2021

Arborists commonly use sounding during an initial evaluation of urban trees to determine the presence of advanced decay and hollows. Striking the trunk with a mallet produces stress waves that propagate through the wood and, in turn, generate characteristic audible sounds. Successful application of this procedure, however, requires subjective evaluation of the sonic variations that result from different wood species and densities, and various ambient noise conditions. Therefore, a statistical classification approach was developed for automatically identifying decay from stress waves captured using an accelerometer probe that is less subjective and more reproducible than an operator-in-the-loop approach. The classification algorithms were designed to detect the presence of decay from aberrant characteristics of the vibration waveform and do not rely on sonic velocity changes commonly used in most sonic testing for decay. The approach was tested in a preliminary study on 36 segmented trunk samples representing a wide range of typical urban tree species and decay types. The classifier successfully identified the decay status of 83% of the samples independent of species and trunk diameter. The results of this feasibility study cannot be transferred to real world tree inspection without additional testing on standing trees, but do demonstrate the potential of using accelerometers supplemented with a statistical classifier to support an initial assessment of decay in urban trees by an arborist.
A Educação como indicativo de um modelo de sociedade: compreensões a partir da Confederação Nacional da Indústria - CNI
Authors: Cossetin Márcia , Teixeira Dhaiane de Moraes
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo propõe o estudo da Confederação Nacional da Indústria, que se constitui como o órgão máximo do sistema sindical patronal da indústria brasileira. O objetivo é apresentar suas enunciações e intencionalidades para a educação nacional, com ênfase à educação pública e sua ação direcionada às políticas educacionais emanadas do Estado. Para tanto, como fontes primárias, foram selecionados três documentos que constituem agendas para o Brasil nos períodos delimitados, definindo objetivos, metas e desafios para uma economia produtiva, inovadora e integrada ao mercado internacional, sendo a educação considerada como um dos fatores chave para alcançá-los. As fontes eleitas para análise são: Mapa Estratégico da Indústria 2007-2015, Mapa Estratégico da Indústria 2013-2022 e Mapa Estratégico da Indústria 2018-2022. Tendo em vista a pesquisa de fontes documentais, buscamos compreendê-las em suas dimensões históricas e a partir das relações sociais, políticas e econômicas em que foram produzidas. A partir da apresentação dos Mapas Estratégicos da Indústria, de seus enunciados e intencionalidades, foi possível constatar a finalidade conferida à educação, que é, essencialmente, a formação profissional. Portanto, conclui-se que os fins para os quais a educação é definida nos documentos analisados, revelam o empobrecimento da ação educativa que adquire caráter meramente profissional e reprodutivista da essência da sociedade capitalista.
A Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos como watchdog democrático: desenvolvendo um sistema de alerta precoce contra ataques sistêmicos
Authors: Mello Patrícia Perrone Campos , Calazans Danuta Rafaela de Souza , Rudolf Renata Helena Souza Batista de Azevedo
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo tem por objeto o exame e o aprimoramento instrumentos de proteção contra ataques sistêmicos à democracia na América Latina. Na primeira parte, demonstra que a Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH) é um relevante watchdog democrático, podendo deflagrar um “sistema de alerta precoce” em situações de risco de retrocesso democrático. Na segunda parte, procura contribuir para o desempenho da CIDH em tal missão. Esclarece que, nos tempos atuais, os retrocessos democráticos se expressam por meio de processos de erosão progressiva da democracia, empreendendo um ataque sistêmico às suas condições de funcionamento. Com base em tal constatação, propõe uma “matriz de análise de ataque sistêmico à democracia”, para fins de disparo do sistema de alerta precoce pela CIDH. O trabalho tem por marco teórico o Ius Constitutionale Commune na América Latina (ICCAL) e baseia-se em revisão bibliográfica.
Ius Commune: entre o pluralismo jurisdicional dialógico e a adoção de normas alternativas
Authors: Lopes Ana Maria D'Ávila
Published: November 2021

A construção de um ius commune na América Latina parece ser o seguinte passo lógico da caminhada rumo à plena efetividade dos direitos humanos na região. Contudo, há ainda alguns aspectos teórico-práticos que precisam de maior discussão acadêmica. Nesse contexto, objetiva o presente artigo apresentar uma proposta de fundamentação desse ius commune que se afasta da tradicional, isto é, que não gira em torno do diálogo entre cortes, mas que propõe a adoção de uma taxonomia de normas alterativas, nos moldes propostos por Andrade Moreno. Para tal, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica na doutrina nacional e comparada, bem como pesquisa na legislação e jurisprudência pátria, comparada e internacional, sendo esses dados analisados por meio do método dialético-dedutivo. Desse modo, inicialmente, constatou-se que a atuação dos órgãos do Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos vem sendo questionada pelo seu forte ativismo. Posteriormente, mostrou-se que o diálogo entre a Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e as cortes nacionais da região tem sido desenvolvido de forma hierarquizada, especialmente a partir da adoção do controle de convencionalidade, o que vem sendo questionado por diversos Estados e importante setor da doutrina. Finalmente, concluiu-se, que a proposta das normas alterativas pode ser uma alternativa interessante para solidificar a construção do ius commune.
Monitoramento, persuasão e promoção do diálogo: qual o papel dos organismos supranacionais de Direitos Humanos na implementação de decisões individuais?
Authors: Sandoval Clara , Leach Philip , Murray Rachel
Published: November 2021

Este artigo analisa o papel dos organismos supranacionais de direitos humanos na implementação de suas decisões e recomendações, em casos individuais. O estudo avalia o papel e o impacto dos mecanismos supranacionais no desencadeamento de processos de implementação, por meio da observação do trabalho dos Órgãos de Tratados de Direitos Humanos da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) e dos três sistemas regionais, através do estudo aprofundado de casos específicos e de entrevistas semiestruturadas com as partes interessadas. O artigo argumenta que os organismos supranacionais fazem mais do que somente monitorar a implementação de ordens e recomendações em casos individuais, apesar da escassez de recursos. Eles usam ferramentas diferentes, tanto persuasivas quanto coercitivas. Esse diálogo é central para a realização do trabalho, e, às vezes, é aberto a outros atores, como organizações da sociedade civil, instituições nacionais de direitos humanos e outros. No entanto, os organismos supranacionais poderiam fazer ainda mais para aprimorar o papel que desempenham na implementação pelos Estados de suas decisões e recomendações.
Editorial
Authors: Antoniazzi Mariela Morales , Piovesan Flávia , Mello Patrícia Perrone Campos
Published: November 2021

Editorial
APLICAÇÃO DA TECNOLOGIA DE SILENCIAMENTO GÊNICO BASEADA EM DNA ANTISENSO VISANDO O AUMENTO DA RESISTÊNCIA EM TOMATEIRO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) À MANCHA BACTERIANA
Authors: Távora Fabiano Touzdjian Pinheiro Kohlrausch , Severo Eduardo Andrade Franco , Santos Ivonaldo Reis
Published: November 2021

Introdução: o tomateiro representa uma das principais hortaliças cultivadas no mundo. Além de sua relevância socioeconômica, seu cultivo é também importante do ponto de vista da segurança alimentar, fornecendo nutrientes essenciais como a vitamina C, pró-vitamina A (i.e., beta-caroteno) e antioxidantes (e.g., licopeno). Dentre as diversas doenças que acometem a cultivo do tomate, a mancha bacteriana do tomateiro (MBT), causada por bactérias do gênero Xanthomonas (com grande destaque para a espécie X. euvesicatoria pv. perforans - Xep), consiste em um fator limitante para a expansão dessa cultura. O método atualmente mais empregado no combate à MBT consiste em aplicações frequentes de agrotóxicos que, além dos inúmeros negativos impactos ao meio ambiente, são componentes significativos do custo de produção. O silenciamento gênico baseado no uso de moléculas de DNA antisenso (ASO) tendo como alvo genes de susceptibilidade (genes-S) no hospedeiro, representa uma estratégia inovadora que tem sido empregada com sucesso no controle e manejo sustentável de fitopatógenos. Objetivo: o presente estudo visou aumentar a resistência do tomate à MBT através da aplicação de oligonucleotídeos de DNA antisenso alvejando um gene de suscetibilidade da planta. Material e métodos: o ASO foi desenhado conforme pipeline publicado em estudo prévio, e seu delivery a folhas intactas de plantas de tomate (cv. Santa Cruz) suscetível à Xep foi realizada por meio de infiltração por pressão. 24 horas após infiltração (hpi), plantas tratadas foram pulverizadas com suspensão bacteriana (isolado de Xep a 5 x 107 UFC/ml). A severidade dos sintomas foi avaliada através da contagem do número de lesões foliares em 7, 10, 15 e 20 dias após inoculação (dpi), utilizando o software Quant®. Resultados: Plantas tratadas com o ASO apresentaram significativa redução dos sintomas da doença (t-test, p-valor ≤ 0,05) em relação aos controles, em todos os tempos amostrais. Conclusões: Nossos resultados contribuem para uma melhor compreensão da interação compatível no patossistema tomate-Xep, e apresenta solução tecnológica com o potencial de reduzir perdas na produtividade da cultura do tomate e mitigar a aplicação de agrotóxicos na lavoura, resultando no fortalecimento da economia e diminuição dos efeitos nocivos ao meio ambiente e à saúde humana.
COMPREENDENDO A IMUNOLOGIA NOS TRANSPLANTES DE TECIDOS OFTALMOLÓGICOS
Authors: Santos André Luiz dos
Published: November 2021

Introdução: O transplante de órgãos, um dos maiores avanços da medicina, se tornou popular, sendo mais comum para córneas, envolvendo a substituição, completo (penetrante) ou parcial (lamelar ou profundo) da córnea doente. A esperada eficácia do transplante é quase sempre alcançada, devendo aos cuidados tanto com doador quanto receptor, relevando da rejeição do tecido até os cuidados após intervenção. Objetivo: Compreender a importância da imunologia para os transplantes de tecidos oftalmológicos. Materiais e Métodos: Pesquisa bibliográfica digital, no google academic, combinando os termos transplantes, imunogenética e córnea. Resultados: A rejeição do transplante é processo imunológico de descompensação da córnea transplantada. A principal razão para o bom efeito está no privilégio da córnea, devido ao viés imunológico que ocorre no segmento anterior, abreviado ACAID (Anterior Chamber Associated Immune Deviation), que perde sua eficiência num processo inflamatório, aumentando o número de células de Langerhans e a expressão de antígenos classe I e II do complexo principal de histocompatibilidade, aumentando citocinas pró-inflamatórias oculares, provocando neovascularização da córnea. A perda do privilégio imunológico é acompanhada de rejeição, e seu mecanismo pode ser dividido em três etapas: (a) Rejeição do braço aferente - reconhecer o sistema imunológico de antígenos heterólogos como principal componente da rejeição do braço aferente. As células de Langerhans são um fator chave nesse processo, pois além de estimular os linfócitos B e T, processam e apresentam antígenos ao sistema imunológico; (b) Estágio central da rejeição - reconhecer um antígeno como heterólogo ativa os linfócitos T imaturos para proliferar e realizar a expansão clonal; (c) Braço eferente da rejeição - reação eferente da rejeição do transplante de córnea, mediada por células e nenhum anticorpo envolvido. As principais células que comandam a destruição do enxerto são os linfócitos T CD4+, que recrutam outras células efetoras: macrófagos, leucócitos polimorfonucleares e linfócitos NK (natural killer), que liberam citocinas, como o fator de necrose tumoral, destruindo células do doador. Conclusão: O endotélio com capacidade de replicação limitada é a razão do insucesso do transplante do doador. A compreensão dos aspectos imunológicos da rejeição, as manifestações clínicas e a classificação da rejeição são fundamentais aos oftalmologistas na personalização do tratamento.
BIOTECNOLOGIA NOS FÁRMACOS ALTERNATIVOS PARA ANSIEDADE
Authors: Guimnarães Péricles Jorge Raposo , Mendonça Bibiana Toshie Onuki De , Portela Eduarda Ressurreição , Almeida Rebeca Bomfim De Araújo De , Lopes Manoella Evelyn Santos
Published: November 2021

Introdução: Os principais fatores que levam a ansiedade são as citocinas inflamatórias, sendo resultado de mitocôndrias não funcionais, o sistema imunológico e sua desregulação e a alteração das funções cerebrais causadas pelo estresse. Vários fármacos são utilizados para tratar a ansiedade, como, por exemplo, a benzodiazepin e inibidores seletivos de serotonina, sendo eles sintéticos e podendo causar vários efeitos adversos. Objetivo: Explorar os aspectos da biotecnologia dos fármacos na ansiedade e sua evolução no último ano. Material e Métodos: Esse resumo trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, para qual, foi utilizada a base de dados PUBMED e BVS, para produção desse produto educacional. Para isso, foram utilizados os descritores “Biotechnology” and “Anxiety” and “Therapeutics”, combinados com o operador booleano “AND”. Teve por critérios de inclusão os fatores: artigos completos, disponíveis e gratuitos; publicados na língua portuguesa ou inglesa, entre os anos de 2020 a 2021 e pesquisas em seres humanos. Já o critério de exclusão foi a não pertinência ao tema do estudo. Assim, foram identificadas 30 publicações e selecionou-se ao final 6 publicações. Resultados: Em estudos de base fitoquímica, a W.Somnifera possui diversos constituintes químicos que apresentam uma diversidade de atividades farmacológicas, como a neuroproteção. No caso do limoneno é um monoterpeno da família das Rutáceas, e possui diversas propriedades biológicas como antioxidantes, antiinflamatórias, anticâncer, antinociceptivas e gastroprotetoras. Há um interesse na investigação dos principais efeitos farmacológicos do limoneno em doenças crônicas pelo seu efeito mitigante sobre o estresse oxidativo e, também, na inflamação e na morte, regulada, celular por apoptose. Nanoteranósticos e nanoterapêuticos são multifuncionais únicos embutidos que fornecem melhores multiplicidades e diminuem as preocupações de toxicidade no nível da faixa nano. Essas moléculas da nanomedicina podem penetrar a barreira hematocefálica com maior meia vida. Conclusão: Desse modo, uma das principais limitações dos estudos desses tipos de fármaco é o uso de fitoquímicos brutos ou semi-purificados para que seja feito o tratamento de doenças psiquiátricas.