PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF STUDENTS OF THE SUBJECT OF THE VOLGA FEDERAL DISTRICT OF THE NIZHNY NOVGOROD REGION
Authors: E.A. Kalyuzhny , E.S. Bogomolova , I.V. Mukhina 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: the most important task of the state is national security, which will be ensured in the near future by a healthy younger generation (Putin V.V., Shoigu B.K.2021).
The priority of modern physiology is to study changes in the adaptive capabilities of students and the impact of exposure to risk factors of the exo-environment on their health (Sonkin V.D.2020, Godina E.Z., Khomyakova I.A.2021, Skoblina N.A., Milushkina O.Yu., Gavryushin M.Yu. 2021).
Purpose of the work. Identification of an objective physiological pattern of modern students of the Nizhny Novgorod region.
Materials and methods: in 2011/21, 6840 physiological pattern of Nizhny Novgorod region students (♂/♀3216/3624) aged 7-17 years was observed.
Results: the indicators of morphofunctional development are established, highly correlate with total body size (R=0.76-0.91), average with physiometric (R=0.4-0.83), low with hemodynamic (R=0.23–0.46). The patterns of ontogenesis have been preserved for the period from 1944/45- 2011/21 with a significant increase (p<0.03-0.001) in the anthropometry of contemporaries, with an acceleration of growth rates, by 3-4 years of maximum increments with an increase in Rx/y by 17.8% and σR by 97.6% with an acceleration peak in the period 1966/67-2011/21. Average anthropometrics tend to converge values in urban and rural children, due to the higher rate of their growth in rural by 10% (p<0.05). The physiometry of rural schoolchildren is higher, hemodynamics, except for diastole, is lower than that of peers of the megalopolis (p<0.05).
A significant acceleration of the rate of puberty over the past 45 years by 1-2 years was revealed. The puberty score in 14-year-olds from 1967/68 to 2011/21 increased by 45-96% (in boys), by 8-30% (in girls).
The age of the second dentition (R=0.67-0.68) with the first stage of secondary sexual characteristics (R=0.80-0.89) as the leading criteria of biological development.
The rates of puberty are lower in the students of the region relative to the residents of the regional center by 8.4% and higher in those living in the south of the region (p<0.05), they end at 14-16 years. In girls, persons with advanced development predominate with equality of laggards (p<0.05).
Conclusions: the variability of the morphofunctional state of schoolchildren (p<0.05) is determined by the environmental conditions in the territories of residence, age and gender, the level of anthropogenic pollution affect a decrease in body length, the number of permanent teeth, an increase in diastole and Barbell samples (p<0.05). Those living in the south have a more valid pattern of physical development groups (p<0.01). The values of the functional state index are significantly associated with the group of physical development (p<0.05), reduced in schoolchildren with shorter length and with increased and excessive body weight, unsatisfactory and excellent grades - 4 - 8%, satisfactory and good 45% (p<0.05). The advance of biological development by 12% in boys and 7.4% in girls is greater than the regional standard. Type of vegetative regulation: normotonic 51.3% and 69.4%, vagotonic - 26% and 5.3%, sympathicotonic - 22% and 18.4%, hypersympathicotonic - 2.8% and 3.9%, respectively. The optimum of vegetative regulation was determined in 58% of students in urban and 62% of rural schools.