bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FNIRS an emerging technology for design: advantages and disadvantages.
Authors: Providência Bernardo , Margolis Iara
Published: June 2022

fNIRS is a functional neuroimaging technology that measures activations according to the oxygenation and deoxygenation of neural activities. A technique still little used within design, but that can contribute in neurodesign and affective, for example. Although emotions are universal, their way of perceiving and feeling is individual. The emotion design has some gaps, namely the lack of mastery of techniques and knowledge of human responses to emotions. In total, 44 articles were analyzed in a non-systematic way, with the aim to find the advantages and disadvantage of using fNIRS. As conclusion, it was possible to perceive that the fNIRS is a promising neuroimaging technique with 20 advantages points and 13 disadvantages points. The stimuli can be sensorial, cognitive and motor, handled in laboratory, in social environments or in real situations. fNIRS is already used in studies of emotions and can help to investigate the brain activations in the face of emotion processing and the affective design, enabling the possibility to design better experiences, products, services or environments focused on this affective parameter in front of neurocognition. fNIRS is an emerging and promising technique, which can help to understand some gaps in human beings as promote pleasure and well-being.
Adaptive Weighted 3D Object Image Inference Model Based on Image Complexity
Authors: Liu Yueqi , Meng Pu , Diao Zhuoyue , Meng Xin , Zhang Liqun , Li Xiaodong
Published: June 2022

The research on product style classification based on CNN is very active, but the data used to train CNN(Convolutional Neural Networks) are often single-view images of 3D objects, which will lead to the loss of unpredictable object feature information and does not match the real scene. It reduces the quality of the model training. This paper proposes an adaptive weighted CNN model based on image complexity. Feature extraction is performed on images of 3D objects from different perspectives through convolutional neural networks, and the final classification result is obtained by weighting based on image complexity. The 3D object discrimination model in this paper is more in line with the cognitive process of the audience, and can improve the quality of style inference of 3D objects.
Office-Based Workplace Monitoring and Time-Aware Feedback by using Ambient IoT Sensors
Authors: Zeiner Herwig , Unterberger Roland , Maurer Dietmar , Russegger Silvia , Paletta Lucas
Published: June 2022

During the COVID pandemic, our understanding of a workplace (e.g. office building, home office, other offices) has changed. For example, we are constantly changing our workspace in office jobs. It is a post-COVID phenomenon that we change our work environment more frequently and more often during a week. In this paper, we investigate what sensors and software tools we need to determine that we are working in ideal conditions, including good air quality, low CO2, etc. From an employee’s point of view, it is interesting if such monitoring devices can be easily used and combined. The evaluation should be possible and combinable by simple means. Why is this difficult? Considering that there is no common agreement among researchers on the definition of workplaces and new hybrid workplaces (i.e. office in company building, home office, and third office places) make the challenges even more complex. In this context, quantitative data from novel low-cost biosensors, such as for measuring carbon dioxide concentration distribution, highlighting the presence and attention of employees and their change in behavior within a working environment, are discussed, and the paper also provides an outlook towards novel research pathways for using a connected network of IoT devices and ambient biosensor technologies.
Time-Aware and Spatial Oriented Driven User Interfaces in the Context of Safe Zones for Underground Mining
Authors: Gomolla Norbert , Zeiner Herwig , Unterberger Roland , Miñón Jiménez Raúl , Hartlieb Philipp
Published: June 2022

This paper deals with visualization of time and safety critical data collected in underground mining operations. These data contain information of the rock mass and its behavior, the environmental conditions as well as general geometric, and time dependent information. Eventually, the combination of the data shall secure safe and sustainable extraction of valuable raw materials by combining information from a wide range of sensors in a data-driven Internet of Things platform, performing suitable evaluations, and, finally, feeding back the extracted learning to all stakeholders involved in a convenient and platform independent way from mine management to foremen and equipment operators. The results are novel visualization techniques for underground mining. The most suitable UIs in heavy duty mining operations are robust and customizable, using latest web technology in their dashboards. Depending on the required user category, the dashboard display may be configured accordingly. In this work we focus on the workers’ and the mine operators’ (e.g. underground, on-site workers including technicians and engineers) needs to display in real-time relevant operational information on immediate or urgent tasks/actions.
Design of the Heart Rate Measurement Module in a Telemonitoring Device for First Responders Deployed in Extreme Environments
Authors: Boljanic Tanja , Strbac Matija , Malesevic Jovana , Kojic Vladimir , Topalovic Nikola , Bijelic Goran , Kostic Milos
Published: June 2022

This paper presents results of the SIXTHSENSE project, a research and innovation action within the H2020 program, aiming to develop new methods for unobtrusive monitoring of first responders based on multimodal sensing. The goal is to determine Heart Rate signal from ECG recorded by a multi sensor smart patch in the specific conditions the first responders are facing on their deployments. In addition to the challenges commonly faced when processing ECG signals recorded by wearables in high intensity activities, the work presented tackles the issues of noise generated by active sensors collocated with the ECG electrodes. Furthermore, the ergonomic requirements of the targeted users, namely firefighters and mountain rescuers, imposed positioning the multi sensor smart patch on the user’s back, making the analysis of recorder ECG signal more challenging. Initial experiments were conducted to determine the optimal electrode position on the back for ECG recording, and the design of the patch that would allow robust measurement of the signals, while not impeding the user during intense physical activity.Analysis of different algorithms for ECG signal processing was performed, considering both the specific distortions for ECG signals recorded on the back, and the effects of active system modules on the acquisition, namely electrotactile stimulation and iontophoretic analyte extraction.The prosposed multi sensor patch design and processing algorithm are presented and demonstrated in experiments simulating relevant conditions for the application of interest.
Effect of Exercise Intensity and Thermal Strain on Wildland Firefighters' Central Nervous System Fatigue
Authors: A Rodríguez-Marroyo Jose , Carballo Leyenda Belén , Sánchez Collado Pilar , Suárez Iglesias David , G Villa José
Published: June 2022

The arduous conditions (i.e., harsh environmental conditions, high physical and mental demands) in which wildland firefighters (WFFs) have to perform their work during wildfire suppression can lead to states of both physical and mental fatigue. Although several studies have delved into the first type of fatigue, there is a paucity of research on the decrease in WFFs’ cognitive performance. A decreased cognitive performance has been observed throughout multi-day suppression tasks, which could lead to poor decision-making and have unintended consequences on deployments. To our knowledge, the acute effect of tasks performed by WFFs on cognitive fatigue has not been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of performing a specific circuit, which simulated the tasks performed by WFFs in their deployments, on central nervous system fatigue. Ten WFFs (34.4 ± 5.6 yr, 182.9 ± 6.1 cm and 92.8 ± 14.9 kg) participated in the study, who performed a field test composed of 4 specific tasks commonly used in their deployments. Each task was executed for 5 min interspersed by 90 s of recovery. This interval bout was repeated twice with 10 min of recovery in between. During the test heart rate (HR) and core temperature (CT) response were monitored. Both variables were used to calculate the physiological strain index (PSI). In addition, before and at the end of the field test, subjects’ critical flicker fusion (CFF) threshold was measured. The results obtained showed that the WFFs performed a high-exercise demand (mean HR, 85.3 ± 2.5% of maximal HR; CT, 38.3 ± 0.4 ºC and PSI, 6.0 ± 0.7). Despite this, CFF threshold measurements showed an increase (6.0 ± 6.0%, p < 0.05) in the sensory sensitivity threshold, suggesting an exercise induced increase in cortical arousal. Significant (p < 0.05) relationships between sensory sensitivity and time spent at high percentage of maximal HR (>90%), TC and PSI were found (r = -0.71, -0.74 and -0.69, respectively). In conclusion, the specific field test led an enhancement of sensory sensitivity and cortical arousal. However, the correlations found seem to indicate the potential negative effect of high-intensity exercise and thermal strain on central nervous system fatigue.
Evaluation of Virtual Reality-based First Responder Training under Physiological and Cognitive-Emotional Strain
Authors: Reim Lilian , Wolfgang Kallus K , Pszeida Martin , Schneeberger Michael , Schönauer Christian , Peer Andreas , Feischl Richard , Aumayr Georg , Wallner Dietmar , Dini Amir , Weber Anna , Ladstätter Stefan , Almer Alexander , Paletta Lucas
Published: June 2022

First responders are faced with various challenges and critical situations during their operations. Virtual Reality (VR) training environments offer a great opportunity to create realistic operational scenarios with appropriate levels of difficulty. To evaluate VR-based training regarding cognitive-emotional and physical strain, a pilot study with 13 first responders (firefighters and paramedics) was conducted. The study plan aimed to induce equivalent strain in both, real environment (‘RC’) and VR-based (‘VR’), training scenarios. In summary, the results indicate that training sessions in real and in VR-based environments have a comparable impact on physical strain, on different dimensions of workload like physical and cognitive demand, and specific physical and emotional states. Most important, we could show that physical strain, which is a critical factor for appropriate training of first responders, cannot only be induced by traditional real-life training, but also by an immersive VR training environment. These results confirm and motivate the use of VR environments for the training of stress-resilient decision-making behaviour for emergency forces.
First Responder Situation Reporting in Virtual Reality Training with Evaluation of Cognitive-emotional Stress using Psychophysiological Measures
Authors: Schneeberger Michael , Paletta Lucas , Wolfgang Kallus K , Reim Lilian , Schönauer Christian , Peer Andreas , Feischl Richard , Aumayr Georg , Pszeida Martin , Dini Amir , Ladstätter Stefan , Weber Anna , Almer Alexander , Wallner Dietmar
Published: June 2022

First responders engage in highly stressful situations at the emergency site that may induce stress, fear, panic and a collapse of clear thinking. Staying cognitively under control under these circumstances is a necessary condition to avoid useless risk-taking and particularly to provide accurate situation reports to remote units to be able to organize appropriate support in time. This work applied a flexible virtual reality (VR) training environment with the purpose to investigate the performance of reporting under rather realistically simulated mission conditions. In a pilot study, representative emergency forces of the Austrian volunteer fire brigade and paramedics of the Johanniter organization were subjected to a test program that tested a formalized reporting schema (LEDVV), inducing equivalent strain in both, real environment and VR-based training scenarios. Wearable psychophysiological measuring technology was applied to estimate the cognitive-emotional stress level under both training conditions. The results indicate that both situation reports achieve a rather high level of cognitive-emotional stress and should be thoroughly trained. Furthermore, the results motivate the use of VR environments for the training of stress-resilient decision-making behavior of emergency forces.
Accurate Stress detection from Novel Real-Time Electrodermal Activity Signals and Multi-task Learning Models
Authors: De Vries Stefan , Smits Reon , Tataj Michalina , Ronckers Mieke , Van Der Pol Mayra , Van Oost Fransje , Adam Esmee , Smaling Hanneke , Meinders Erwin
Published: June 2022

Stress often is associated with physical and mental health issues. To prevent these issues, an early detection of stress is essential. However, for people with an intellectual disability effectively expressing stress can be difficult and therefore, the necessary intervention can be delayed. An automatic stress detection system could help caregivers in early detection of stress development. This can be achieved using wearable sensors that continuously record physiology. The changes in physiological signals, like in skin conductance can be used to classify moments of stress. The devices recording these signals are however, not always suitable for long term measurements. The present study evaluates a newly developed sock integrated skin conductance sensor (SentiSock) that does not restrict movement and stays comfortable over time. To assess if the sensor can be used for stress detection a comparison was made with the Empatica E4, a commonly used wrist-based skin conductance sensor. Both sensors were worn by 28 participants (mean age 39.25 ± 17.04) in a lab study where stress was induced using mathematical exercises. The data was used to train a multitask learning neural network for each device, following an identical procedure. The models were validated using a 5-fold cross validation that resulted in an average balanced accuracy of 0.824 (SD = 0.018) for Empatica E4 and 0.834 (SD = 0.019) for SentiSock. This demonstrated that both sensors can be used to detect stress adequately in lab conditions. Given these results, SentiSock will be further investigated for long term measurements.
The influence of task complexity on acceptance and trust in human-robot interaction - gender and age differences
Authors: Wagner-Hartl Verena , Schmid Ramona , Gleichauf Katharina
Published: June 2022

An increase of human-robot collaboration is expected in the near future. Many people are already experiencing this in their working life, especially in the industrial context for example in production. As technology continues to improve, the number of scenarios and tasks in which humans and robots can interact with each other is also increasing. Therefore, it is important to focus on how humans and robots can work together in the future, while ensuring that negative emotions and mistrust towards this new form of work environment are avoided.The aim of the presented online study was therefore to get more insight in this important future field. Overall, 29 men and 42 women (N = 71) aged between 19 and 64 years (M = 31.44, SD = 13.30) participated in the study. All participants assessed four different scenarios were humans interact with robots in an industrial context. To assess the influence of task complexity on the subjectively assessed acceptance and trust, task complexity was increased with each scenario. The results show, significant assessment differences regarding the different levels of task complexity. Furthermore, women seem to assess the different interaction tasks as significantly more useful and satisfying than men. Regarding trust an interaction of age and gender can be shown.The results of the presented exploratory study can help to understand how the interaction of human and robots is seen today and shall help to get more insight in this important future field.
Finnish Firms and the Employment of Foreign Workers
Authors: Zafar Afnan , Ahola Marja
Published: June 2022

Developed countries have vastly depleted workforces because of their ageing populations. Finland is one of the countries suffering from labour shortages in all areas. At the same time, existing immigrants cannot find suitable work in Finnish firms due to language and integration barriers. This paper aims to explore the importance of the Finnish language in recruiting workers with foreign backgrounds, the need for a foreign workforce and the openness of Finnish firms to cooperation in solving these issues. The focus is on the recruitment barriers and the shortage of the workforce side of the data. The data have been collected from 36 firms from Finland in an interview form between 2020 and 2021 and qualitatively analysed and interpreted. The study explains the level of need for foreign workforces in Finnish firms and their willingness to cooperate with facilitating projects and funding bodies. It also connects the project findings to Finland’s official strategic focus for 2030.
The autonomy of cultural inheritance and innovation from the process of Venus' Ideological Development
Authors: Dianfan Ding , Zhou Wuzhong
Published: June 2022

Venus’ ideology has gone through various stages, including the primitive reproduction worship in the Paleolithic Age, the classical goddess of love and beauty in ancient Greece and Rome, the humanism of decline and revival in the Middle Ages and the early Renaissance, the secular humanity of vigorous development in the late Renaissance and the deconstructive cultural symbols after the twentieth century. The “Venus” is currently the convention of public aesthetics, the reconstruction of love and beauty, and the desire to impress people forever. It breaks the boundaries between classical art and public life, and stimulates the autonomy of cultural inheritance and innovation. This paper will specifically analyze the development of Venus’ ideology, and analyze the connotation and practical path of the autonomy of cultural inheritance and innovation through this example.
Teaching Eco Inclusive Design. An innovative educational path
Authors: Di Bucchianico Giuseppe
Published: June 2022

In the contemporary scenario, a substantial change is taking place: everyone now has the perception of the finiteness of natural resources (which are not unlimited and which must be preserved), combined with some demographic phenomena in progress (such as demographic pressure in some areas of the world and the aging of the population in other areas). All issues that refer to the broader issue of sustainability.So, wanting to prefigure a possible and desirable scenario, what scenario do we imagine for the coming decades? What will be the challenges, the demands of the near future, to which designers will be called to respond through their projects? What kind of training is required for them?The paper describes a recently launched teaching experience on the theme of eco-inclusive design. It is a new Master's Degree course, entirely structured in educational laboratories and workshops, to train experts in the processes of innovation of products, services, communication artifacts and strategic systems for environmental sustainability and for the emerging sector of social inclusion.
Responsive and Flexible Systems for the Non-typical User: A Design Methodology to Observe the Outliers
Authors: Alvarez-Icaza Longoria Inés , Navarro Tuch Sergio , Bustamante-Bello Rogelio , Molina Arturo , Lopez Aguilar Ariel
Published: June 2022

The concept “non-typical users” comprises people who experience significant digital gaps that alienate them from the benefits of technology. This issue is commonly experienced as unsatisfying interactions with technological products or devices that show not flexible possibilities as a core feature. Accordingly, this research contemplates including the needs and priorities of the non-typical users as design requirements for technological devices. The outcome of applying these considerations might allow a deeper understanding of the best way for companies and designers to cope with present changes and challenges towards a more sustainable and inclusive future. The findings will assemble a design methodology that considers usability issues, providing alternatives for the design team.
A contemporary investigation into anthropometric dimensions and applications for design 70 years after the publication of "The Average Man
Authors: Pettys Baker Robert , Smith Jerritt , Clarke Megan , Cook Emily , Xiong Baonhia , Yu Minji , Griffin Linsey
Published: June 2022

In 1952, Gilbert S. Daniels published his seminal report “The ’Average Man’?” which examined the measurements of 4,063 active United States Air Force personnel (Daniels. 1952). This report detailed a profound yet simple finding: that after eliminating for ten common anthropometric measurements, no one person meets the average for all body dimensions. We analyzed Two anthropometric data bases over two studies, following an updated version of Daniels’ (1952) original method. The biggest changes were not eliminating the top and bottom percentiles of the population, and adjusted the calculation to find middle 25-30%. The databases examined were ANSUR II (Gorden et al., 2014) and CAESAR (Robinette et al., 2002), to see how civilian and military populations compare. The results of both studies were generally consistent with Daniels (1952), however we did discover that some individuals were able to meet the criteria for average after ten measurements. The best performance took place in the ANSUR II combined condition, all three individuals were men. This last part is especially important to note, as the combined sample eliminated women out of the sample faster than men. Being eliminated after the sixth measurement. This confirms a potential bias to combining men’s and women’s measurements without great care. Based on our analysis of modern anthropometric databases using Daniels’ original method it is clear that, while we found some “average people”, the significance of its findings holds true. This is not to say we should ignore the average, but we should understand its use in context and strive to go beyond it. Thinking past a formative understanding of how people are shaped, and instead into what is needed to create well-fitting products for a specific population. Examples spanning several industries merely scratch the surface of what needs to be addressed. Looking around as we go through our day, minor and major inconveniences become apparent. They cannot be all fixed at once, but through diligent research and thoughtful design we can use the principles of universal design to our advantage. Looking ahead to the next 70 years, a continued growth in optimizing products for the individual user and helping these users understand why these optimizations matter is not just desirable, but important.
Genderless Fashion Design: from binary fashion to bio-segmentation. Body biotypes and somatotypes as main bases to inclusive fashion design
Authors: João Pereira Neto Maria , Inês Leal Maria
Published: June 2022

In this moment in history, products cannot only be about aesthetics, quality, and fabrics.The design process begins long before the idealization of a creation and its mandatory for professionals and brands to comprehend the weight of values,content and concept to the user, and use them to express and educate all consumeers. This paper aims to recognize, clarify, and document the specific subject of bio-segmentation: body somatotypes and biotypes, as the new base of construction in fashion design, instead of basing it in binary genders. For this, mind mapping, brainstorming organization charts, observation, stakeholder maps and surveys will be used to help in the structuring of this paper.Somatotypes are the three types of bodies that everybody has, women and men: ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph. Ectomorph is the leaner somatotype, with a light and narrow bone structure.Mesomorph is the athletic one, men with inverted triangle biotypes, and women with hourglass biotypes are usually in this category. Lastly, the endomorph somatotype, is the most common one, has a slow metabolic system propitious to fat increase. As to biotypes, there is six female ones (triangle, rectangle, diamond, oval, inverted triangle, and hourglass), and five male ones (triangle, rectangle, trapeze, oval, and inverted triangle), from which four match, meaning that there are only seven in total to build the segmentation system form.Gender issues, genderless fashion design, sustainability, inclusion, and ethics are some themes of relevance to new generations, and it is imperative to find new ways to stop them from remaining social stigmas. So,we suggest a new segmentation method that divides fashion and patterns through biotypes and somatotypes. It is also a goal to try to understand and predict how to reinvent design to fit this ideal and which are the essential modifications that need to be do be done the current design production, making this issue a relevant phase of the design process.We aim to promote some relevant research, helping genderless fashion to become a viable way for brands to stop making binary divisions, boosting the end of acceptance of sexist social norms and culture as well as the stigmatization of gender issues.We hope, that after this purpose is accomplished the real meaning of freedom will be achievable in clothing and fashion.
How to co-design with older adults on community-level behavior change interventions: insights from a rapid review
Authors: Wang Gubing , Kasraian Moghaddam Dena , Valk Carlijn , Lu Yuan , Van Wesemael Pieter
Published: June 2022

Given the unclear long-term effect and use of interventions for active aging, it is urgent and important to understand the facilitators and barriers via co-design with older adults at the community level. This study aims to lay the theoretical background on developing toolkits for co-designing community-based behavior change interventions with older adults. Rapid reviews were conducted in three disciplines to understand i) the effective behavioral change techniques for older adults, ii) how to co-design with older adults for community-based interventions, and iii) how to design tools for behavior change that are easy-to-use for older adults. The outcomes are a list of effective behavioral change techniques for older adults; guidelines for co-designing with older adults on community-based interventions; and a checklist for developing user-friendly tools for designing behavior change. These elements will serve as the foundation for developing the toolkit on co-designing with older adults for community-based behavior change interventions.
Inclusive Design Strategies for Hybrid Space with Conflicts between Economic Space and Life Space: A Case in Guangzhou
Authors: Yu Zhang Yong , Xin Xiao Jia , Jun Luo Ming , Yun Li Guan
Published: June 2022

In recent years, increasing number of historical and cultural districts are planned top-down as economic space in China. New economic activities have proliferated in these areas, even though original residents, some of them elderly, still live there. These new activities increase the complexity of such districts and bring about a series of conflicts, such as conflicts between economic space and life space and between visitors and residents. Hybrid space, which is a mixture of economic space and life space, is essential because it provides leisure zones for people to live, relax, communicate and consume in. However, inclusive design for hybrid space is seldom discussed. Using Yong Qing Fang-a historical and cultural area of Guangzhou-as a case study, this research defines ‘hybrid space’ and explores the conflicts between economic space and life space within hybrid space. By adopting the qualitative research methods of field observations, three types of conflicts of hybrid space are addressed and the barriers to and opportunities for inclusive design strategies for hybrid space are identified. Based on these findings, some suggestions are provided for researchers, urban planners and policy-makers to consider in combining the economic space and life space within hybrid districts in an inclusive way, and a framework is presented for the evaluate of inclusive design for hybrid space.
Design intervention and behaviour change: Implications for inclusive public design to promote sustainable behaviour
Authors: Ming Li Yi , Xin Xiao Jia , Jun Luo Ming
Published: June 2022

Sustainable behaviour is the basis of social and environmental sustainability. In everyday practice, public facilities can play an important role in promoting such behaviour. Determining how city users understand and use public facilities is crucial to design for sustainability. Drawing on the literature on behavioural change, this study investigates the relationship between design interventions and user behaviour through an analysis of everyday life scenarios in open spaces. Taking public design in Guangzhou, China as a case study, the study examines how intervention strategies affect behaviour through public facilities. We explore how these effects vary with intervention intensity and how city users respond accordingly. The study develops a framework to illustrate the relationship between behaviour change and design intervention, which reveals that changes to user behaviour can be realised through several approaches, depending on the level of intensity of the intervention. The study also analyses each type of intervention based on the dimensions of effectiveness and user acceptance. Finally, from the perspective of inclusiveness, design interventions should be multidimensional and integrated to help achieve long-term sustainability.
Contents accessibility in archaeological museums and sites: a proposal for a neuropsychological approach
Authors: Benente Michela , Minucciani Valeria , D'Agostino Gianluca
Published: June 2022

With specific reference to the issue of accessibility to cultural content and the inclusion of different audiences, the Authors point out an overview where museums usually tend to create educational activities and support assistive devices dedicated to specific audiences, rather than integrated solutions, that can “be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible", as stated in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006).On the basis of previous studies on cultural accessibility and emotional appropriation, the Authors have recently carried out a survey focused in particular on archaeological museums audiences, considering their expectations, their reactions, and their prejudices. At the same time, they have conducted an extensive series of online interviews with Curators and Directors of many archaeological museums and sites in Europe and worldwide, including some in-depth site visits too. The investigations and surveys carried out have strengthened the awareness that museum spaces generate not only cognitive, but also physical and emotional reactions, and that the various publics react to cultural stimuli in very different ways. Therefore it is necessary, in designing museum communication, a disciplinary contamination involving in particular the field of neuropsychology. Such involvement would provide scientific support for the critical assessment of the effects that the environment and the cultural mediation trigger on the different publics.In particular, the Authors believe that the physical arrangement and the atmosphere are usually underestimated in the overall design of museums: on the contrary these two elements combined would allow each visitor to grasp the signals that best suit him or her, according to his/her senses and understanding. In other words, the atmosphere can play a key role in being an immersive communicative medium, in a truly inclusive way where everyone has the opportunity to "feel" and learn something.The Authors are developing a series of experiments that will be carried out first in the laboratory and then in some archaeological museums, in collaboration with a team of Neuropsychologists from the University of Turin and with the support of archaeological consultants and communication experts. By illustrating the current research and describing a series of examples (including best practices, problematic cases, ongoing projects), the paper aims at highlighting how the "design for all" in museums is a field in continuous development. Requiring an evolution in its approach, it also, and above all, represents a challenge in relation to the communication of particularly difficult cultural content, such as those related to the archaeological heritage.
Interactive Die as an Educational Tool for Children with Special Educational Needs
Authors: Moscoso - Montenegro David , Serpa-Andrade Luis
Published: June 2022

The die as we know is a small, throwable object with marked sides that can rest in multiple positions. Although there’s variations, the most common form of die is a cube with dots marked on each side with the aim of generating random numbers in tabletop games. This notion can be extended to the pedagogic field making use of recent technologies in connected embedded systems. This article presents the design and proof of concept of an interactive die as an educational tool for children with SEN. The die consists of a RGB LED matrix for each of its six sides so it can display any kind of low-resolution symbols like numbers, letters, arrows or multicolor patterns presented in the form of animations, additionally includes an IMU to obtain the cube orientation and user tap detection when selecting the presented option on top side, audible and haptic feedback
Design Process in the Development of Educational Tools for Children with Special Educational Needs
Authors: Moscoso - Montenegro David , Serpa-Andrade Luis
Published: June 2022

The educational tools have become important resources in the learning path of children with special educational needs. When designing such tools its important to follow some guidelines starting with defining what activity it will be used for, how it will be used, identifying the user or group of users, what they are using right now to accomplish that activity, how the actual tool adapts to their needs and finally the specific design requirements. This paper presents a methodological process for the development of devices focused in children with SEN and the addition of assistive technologies taking as an example the development of a sensorized pen in the GIIATA research group at the Universidad Politécnica Salesiana.
Information and Communication Technologies Learning Methodologies for Children with ADHD
Authors: García-Vélez Roberto , Serpa-Andrade Luis , Serpa-Andrade Graciela
Published: June 2022

ADHD is a disorder due to attention deficit, impulsiveness and hyperactivity due to various functional disputes, these anatomical brain inconsistencies can be genetic and/or environmental that hinders the child's lifestyle and their environment. Within the educational field, teachers cannot distinguish the attitude of a child with ADHD from one without disorders, especially in the preschool stage, which motivates the search for teaching alternatives, among them we have information and communication technologies - ICT, which allow evaluating, diagnosing, enriching and strengthening the learning of children with or without ADHD through educational software on a mobile phone, a computer and/or digital whiteboard; increasing attention, concentration, creativity, security, decreasing aggressiveness, gradually developing positive behaviors, their self-esteem improves, they feel motivated and progressively create solutions to their internal conflicts in such a way that their community learning guarantees the development of new social skills such as respect, solidarity, empathy and identifies the emotions of other people allowing a positive incorporation into their daily lives, especially in the school environment.
Inclusion of people with ADHD in school, college, university and work
Authors: García-Vélez Roberto , Serpa-Andrade Luis , Serpa-Andrade Graciela
Published: June 2022

The inclusion of people with Attention Deficit Impulsivity and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), in school, college, university, and work has been developing since the nineteenth century because this disorder has similar symptoms to those of a hungry infant, an anxious or antisocial child, a young impetuous or otherwise without social contact, immature adults, lacking an order or commitment; but in the past it was derived from the responsibility of the elders, from the values instilled and from the culture, from the society itself, where they grew up. The inclusion of people with this disorder is due to a multidisciplinary intervention, family interaction, academic-labor-social, therapies, variety of neurobiological specialists, implementation of Educational Integration Projects (PIE) where the entity and its different human and physical resources must adapt to the students to achieve inclusion; the methodologies and processes of inclusion vary according to the field, that is, in the labor part with respect to the entities of initial, middle, and higher education.
Innovative intelligent technology and information systems for visually impaired
Authors: Lobo Theresa
Published: June 2022

The paper presents a develop innovative intelligent technology and information systems for visually impaired students. To solve this problem a comprehensive approach has been proposed, which consists in the aggregate of the application of artificial intelligence methods and statistical analysis. Creating an accessible learning environment, identifying the intellectual, physiological, psychophysiological characteristics of perception and information awareness by this category of students is based on a cognitive approach. Based on IT network program developed specifically for visually impaired students. The individually oriented learning path of PIV is constructed with the aim of obtaining high-quality engineering education with modern equipment in joint use laboratories. Additional teaching aids, like iNetSim, a universally accessible network simulator, created to allow vision-impaired and sighted students to complete Cisco Certified Network, and Microsoft HoloLens 2 (a new vision for computing, is used to transform abstract concepts into 3D experiences in the virtual classroom), which enables students to research and explore more deeply, see more clearly and learn by doing. This article aims to allow visually impaired students, as well as sighted students, to perform with similar results.
Three-dimensional Scalp Shape Prediction from Face and Neck Shapes
Authors: Park Daniel , Reed Matthew
Published: June 2022

The scalp shape is one of the critical factors determining the proper fit for personalized helmets and other head-borne products. Three-dimensional (3D) surface scanning technology enables accurate capture of the 3D shape of an individual’s face, but most head scans do not capture the scalp shape due to hair artifacts because the typical scanning systems do not penetrate through hair. Most head shape studies use an elastic cap that compresses hair, but this does not entirely remove the effects of hair on the head surface shape. Consequently, a method to estimate scalp shape with conventional scanning would be valuable.Objective: This paper presents a model-based approach to predict the 3D scalp geometry from the rest of the head shape, i.e., face and neck, and validates the proposed method.Method: A statistical head shape model (http://humanshape.org/head/) based on 180 ethnically diverse female and male bald head scans was used in this study. A method was developed to predict scalp shapes by fitting the face and neck part of the model to target scans in the model’s shape space defined by 100 principal components. Results: New data from 81 male and female bald head scans not used in the original statistical model development were tested to validate the proposed approach. The prediction results without any information about the scalp shape showed that the mean absolute error at node locations was 2.3 mm on average, and the 95th-percentile absolute error was 6.2 mm across the test scans. When five landmark points digitized on the scalp surface were added in the fitting process, the mean absolute error was reduced to 1.7 mm with the average 95th-percentile of 4.6 mm.Discussion: Given that bald head scans are not generally available, the new method provides a useful and practical solution for obtaining scalp surface information from generic head scans for designing headgear products. The results showed that the scalp shape can be effectively predicted from face and neck shape, and the predictions can be improved through minimal information of the scalp, e.g., a few scalp landmarks or head dimensions. The major limitation of the proposed method is that errors will be larger for the scans with unusual face and neck poses. Another limitation is that although the model we used is based on an anthropometrically diverse population, more work is needed to assess the quality of the predictions for markedly different populations.
Changes on Foot Dimensions with Elevated Heel Heights: A Pilot Study
Authors: Zhu Ao , Yu-Chi Lee
Published: June 2022

BackgroundWearing high-heeled shoes (HHS) has been reported to be one of the leading causes of various feet health issues, including hallux valgus, osteoarthritis, ankle sprains, and musculoskeletal disorders. Even so, females are still willing to wear HHS to increase their leg proportions and beauty. Foot dimensions were considered as a primary measure of foot deformation and related to the fitness and comfort of wearing HHS. Footwear designers and manufacturers need to consider these foot dimensional changes with elevated heel heights to fit the foot deformation. However, available information about the changes in foot dimensions with elevated heel heights is still lacking. Hence, the current study aimed to evaluate the change in the nine foot dimensions when wearing HHS with different heel heights.MethodsTen young women (age 23± 3.0 years, height 161.7± 5.5 cm, weight 53.1± 12.5 kg) with foot lengths between 230 to 240 mm were recruited in the pilot study. A 3D foot scanner was used to collect digital foot models, and the nine commonly used foot measurements for footwear design were measured, including foot length, ball of foot length, outside ball of foot length, foot breath diagonal, foot breath horizontal, instep height, navicular height, and toe height. Four elevated heel heights (low heel: 30 mm; medium-high: 50 mm; medium-high heel: 70 mm, and high heel: 90 mm) were selected for evaluation. Each condition was scanned twice, and the mean of the foot dimensions was calculated for analysis. A one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test was performed to evaluate the heel height effect on the measured foot dimensions.ResultsHeel heights significantly impacted foot length, ball of foot length, outside ball of foot length, instep height, and navicular height (all p< 0.01). The result of ANOVA showed that with elevated heel heights (from 30 mm to 90 mm), the instep height and navicular height became higher, whereas foot length, ball of foot length, and outside ball of foot length were shortened. No significant difference was obtained in width-related dimensions and toe height. The Tukey post hoc results indicated that no significant foot dimensional difference was obtained except for foot length between the 30 mm and 50 mm heel height. Moreover, the instep height and navicular height were significantly increased as the heel height elevated from 70 mm to 90 mm.ConclusionsThe heel heights have a significant influence on the length- and height-related foot dimensions, resulting in foot deformations. This effect was especially noteworthy, starting from 70 mm heel height. Observed changes in foot dimensions provide a dimensional reference for shoe last design and footwear production of young women’s HHS. The findings of this study could provide helpful information for designers regarding the foot deformations of young women under different heel heights.
Contact Pressure as an Indicator of Postural Stability in Digital Human Models
Authors: Siddiqui Aijaz , Sen Dibakar
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a natural stability model of Digital Human Models. In the traditional convex-hull-based stability approach, a posture is stable if the Center of Pressure lies within the Base of Support. The posture has no qualitative degree (less/more stable). Additionally, some existing methods use Functional Stability Regions and make the Centre of Pressure lie inside it. Though, this is based solely on experimental observation and lacks reasoning. Hu-mans sense contact/reaction forces. Very low contact pressure may provoke toppling, and high contact pressure induces discomfort. So, humans do not allow forces to rise beyond or recede below certain limits. In this paper, a Sensing-based method that involves estimating pressure at support points is presented to decide whether a posture is stable & comfortable along with its degree. The method provides a rationale for using the Functional Stability Region & applies to any set of support points.
Application of Brain-Computer Interface for Disabled People on Human Factors Engineering
Authors: Long Siying , Yang Jing
Published: June 2022

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a new type of human-computer interaction technology, which has achieved good theoretical results so far, but still faces many problems in the practical application of the technology. At present, the main group of people who use BCI technology is the disabled, because this technology can improve the self-care ability of disabled people, but the application design of traditional brain-computer interface in the past did not start from them well. Based on human factors engineering, this paper will analyze the characteristics of disabled people, combine the existing theoretical characteristics of BCI, optimize the application of BCI, and design unique and intelligent application scenarios for them. This can greatly improve people's awareness and acceptance of BCI technology, and promote the development of BCI technology.Keywords: Human Factor Engineering, Brain-Computer Interface, Disabled People, Intelligent Application
Collecting Data for Digital Human Modeling during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fleischer Martin
Published: June 2022

In the past few years, the world witnessed a global pandemic due to the widespread of the COVID-19 coronavirus. There are reasons to believe that the associated measures adopted by the respective governments to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 incidences had a drastic impact on the acquisition of subject data. Digital human modeling as many other disciplines of human factors relies on data gathered in participant studies. This led to a massive delay in studies that started before and during the pandemic. This paper compiles protective measures for the acquisition of subject data. Technical, organizational, and personal measures to protect conductors and subjects of studies are presented for future reference.