bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Two Mannosyltransferases Contributing to Biosynthesis of the Fungal-type Galactomannan α-Core-Mannan Structure in Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Onoue Takuya , Tanaka Yutaka , Hagiwara Daisuke , Ekino Keisuke , Watanabe Akira , Ohta Kazuyoshi , Kamei Katsuhiko , Shibata Nobuyuki , Goto Masatoshi , Oka Takuji
Published: November 2018

Fungal-type galactomannan (FTGM) is a polysaccharide composed of α-(1 → 2)-/α-(1 → 6)-mannosyl and β-(1 → 5)-/β-(1 → 6)-galactofuranosyl residues located at the outer cell wall of the human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. FTGM contains a linear α-mannan structure called core-mannan composed of 9 or 10 α-(1 → 2)-mannotetraose units jointed by α-(1 → 6)-linkages. However, the enzymes involved in core-mannan biosynthesis remain unknown. We speculated that two putative α-1,2-mannosyltransferase genes in A. fumigatus, Afu5g02740/AFUB_051270 (here termed core-mannan synthase A [CmsA]) and Afu5g12160/AFUB_059750 (CmsB) are involved in FTGM core-mannan biosynthesis. We constructed recombinant proteins for CmsA and detected robust mannosyltransferase activity using the chemically synthesized substrate p-nitrophenyl α-d-mannopyranoside as an acceptor. Analyses of CmsA enzymatic product revealed that CmsA possesses the capacity to transfer a mannopyranoside to the C-2 position of α-mannose. CmsA could also transfer a mannose residue to α-(1 → 2)-mannobiose and α-(1 → 6)-mannobiose and showed a 31-fold higher specific activity toward α-(1 → 6)-mannobiose than toward α-(1 → 2)-mannobiose. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and gel filtration chromatography of isolated FTGM revealed that core-mannan structures were drastically altered and shortened in disruptant A. fumigatus strains ∆cmsA, ∆cmsB, and ∆cmsA∆cmsB. Disruption of cmsA or cmsB resulted in severely repressed hyphal extension, abnormal branching hyphae, formation of a balloon structure in hyphae, and decreased conidia formation. The normal wild type core-mannan structure and developmental phenotype were restored by the complementation of cmsA and cmsB in the corresponding disruptant strains. These findings indicate that both CmsA, an α-1,2-mannosyltransferase, and CmsB, a putative mannosyltransferase, are involved in FTGM biosynthesis.
Tear Proteins Calcium binding protein A4 (S100A4) and Prolactin Induced Protein (PIP) are Potential Biomarkers for Thyroid Eye Disease
Authors: Chng Chiaw-Ling , Seah Lay Leng , Yang Morgan , Shen Sunny Yu , Koh Siew Kwan , Gao Yan , Deng Lu , Tong Louis , Beuerman Roger Wilmer , Zhou Lei
Published: November 2018

There are no reliable biomarkers to predict thyroid eye disease (TED) in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) currently. Several evidences support the involvement of the lacrimal gland in TED. The aim of our study was to quantitatively correlate the changes in tear protein profile with increasing severity of TED. Tear samples were collected from four groups of patients; AITD without TED (AITD), AITD with mild TED (mild TED), AITD with severe TED (severe TED) and normal controls. A total of 72 patients were recruited for the study. In discovery phase, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) 4-plex was used for quantitative proteomics analysis. For verification of results from discovery phase, sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra (SWATH) was used to analyze an independent cohort from normal controls, AITD, mild TED and severe TED. Two proteins, S100A4 and PIP showed consistent dysregulation trends in the discovery and validation phase experiments. Our study demonstrated the differences in tear proteome across the spectrum of different severity and activity of TED in patients with AITD. Two tear proteins, S100A4 and PIP may serve as potential biomarkers to predict progression to severe TED in patients with AITD.
Influences of vertical differences in population emigration on mountainous vegetation greenness: A case study in the Taihang Mountains
Authors: Li Wei , Tan Minghong
Published: November 2018

With the rapid advance of urbanization, rural population emigration has become a key factor that affects the man-land relationship in China’s mountainous areas and may have a huge impact on ecological restoration. This study used the NDVI in the growing seasons to analyze the variation trend of vegetation greenness at different elevations in the Taihang Mountains during 2000–2010, employing trend analysis method. Then, we selected 990 samples, each of which was a circular area with a radius of 3 km. On this basis, we quantitatively analyzed the contribution degree of population emigration to this variation trend after eliminating the influences of precipitation, temperature, and other factors. The results showed that rural population emigration was significant in the Taihang Mountains in the past 10 years, with a rural population emigration rate of up to 16.3%; The vegetation in the Taihang Mountains presented a trend of overall improvement, but local deterioration; The results of the regression analysis showed that population emigration had significantly impacts on vegetation greenness at 1% significance level and 1% of population emigration can increase the NDVI variation trend by 0.06%. Furthermore, the impact gradually weakened with increasing elevation.
Low level DUX4 expression disrupts myogenesis through deregulation of myogenic gene expression
Authors: Bosnakovski Darko , Gearhart Micah D. , Toso Erik A. , Ener Elizabeth T. , Choi Si Ho , Kyba Michael
Published: November 2018

Loss of silencing of the DUX4 gene on chromosome 4 causes facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. While high level DUX4 expression induces apoptosis, the effects of low level DUX4 expression on human myogenic cells are not well understood. Low levels and sporadic expression of DUX4 have been reported in FSHD biopsy samples and myoblast cultures. Here, we show that a large set of human myogenic genes is rapidly deregulated by DUX4, including MYOD1 and MYF5, which are efficiently repressed even by low, non-toxic levels of DUX4. Human myoblasts modified to express low nontoxic levels of DUX4 were significantly impaired from differentiating into myotubes in vitro. Surprisingly, inhibition of differentiation does not require the transcriptional activation domain, thus is likely a feature of all mammalian DUX genes. DUX4 does not bind near the MYF5 gene, but has a prominent ChIP-seq peak within the MYF5 −118 kb enhancer. We find that when DUX4 binds at this site, it directs enhancer activity towards a nearby transcriptional start site for a noncoding nonfunctional RNA we name DIME (DUX4-induced MYF5 enhancer) transcript. These data highlight the anti-myogenic properties of DUX4 in human myogenic progenitor cells, and provide an example of enhancer disruption in the downregulation of MYF5.
In vitro neural networks minimise variational free energy
Authors: Isomura Takuya , Friston Karl
Published: November 2018

In this work, we address the neuronal encoding problem from a Bayesian perspective. Specifically, we ask whether neuronal responses in an in vitro neuronal network are consistent with ideal Bayesian observer responses under the free energy principle. In brief, we stimulated an in vitro cortical cell culture with stimulus trains that had a known statistical structure. We then asked whether recorded neuronal responses were consistent with variational message passing based upon free energy minimisation (i.e., evidence maximisation). Effectively, this required us to solve two problems: first, we had to formulate the Bayes-optimal encoding of the causes or sources of sensory stimulation, and then show that these idealised responses could account for observed electrophysiological responses. We describe a simulation of an optimal neural network (i.e., the ideal Bayesian neural code) and then consider the mapping from idealised in silico responses to recorded in vitro responses. Our objective was to find evidence for functional specialisation and segregation in the in vitro neural network that reproduced in silico learning via free energy minimisation. Finally, we combined the in vitro and in silico results to characterise learning in terms of trajectories in a variational information plane of accuracy and complexity.
Genome-wide analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae serogroup 19 in the decade after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in Australia
Authors: Rockett Rebecca J. , Oftadeh Shahin , Bachmann Nathan L. , Timms Verlaine J. , Kong Fanrong , Gilbert Gwendolyn L. , Sintchenko Vitali
Published: November 2018

The decline in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), following the introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV-7), was tempered by emergence of non-vaccine serotypes, particularly 19A. In Australia, three years after PCV-7 was replaced by PCV-13, containing 19A and 19F antigens, serogroup 19 was still a prominent cause of IPD in children under five. In this study we examined the evolution of serogroup 19 before and after introduction of paediatric vaccines in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Genomes of 124 serogroup 19 IPD isolates collected before (2004) and after introduction of PCV-7 (2008) and PCV-13 (2014), from children under five in NSW, were analysed. Eleven core genome sequence clusters (cgSC) and 35 multilocus sequence types (ST) were identified. The majority (78/124) of the isolates belonged to four cgSCs: cgSC7 (ST199), cgSC11 (ST320), cgSC8 (ST63) and cgSC9 (ST2345). ST63 and ST2345 were exclusively serotype 19A and accounted for its predominantly intermediate penicillin resistance; these two clusters first appeared in 2008 and largely disappeared after introduction of PCV-13. Serogroup 19 was responsible for the highest proportion of vaccine failures in NSW. Relatively low immunogenicity of serogroup 19 antigens and Australia’s three-dose vaccine schedule could affect the population dynamics of this serogroup.
Identification of key influence factors and an empirical formula for spring snowmelt-runoff: A case study in mid-temperate zone of northeast China
Authors: Tian Lin , Li Hongyan , Li Fengping , Li Xiubin , Du Xinqiang , Ye Xueyan
Published: November 2018

Because of the unique climate characteristics, the runoff law in mid-temperate zone is very different from other regions in spring. Accurate runoff simulation and forecasting is of great importance to spring flood control and efficient use of water resources. Baishan reservoir is located in the upper Second Songhua River Basin in Northeast China, where snowmelt is an important source of runoff that contributes to the water supply. This study utilized long-term hydrometeorological data, in the contributing area of Bashan reservoir, to investigate factors and time-lag effects on spring snowmelt and to establish a snowmelt-runoff model. Daily precipitation, temperature, and wind data were collected from three meteorological stations in this region from 1987–2016. Daily runoff into the Baishan reservoir was selected for the same period. The snowmelt period was identified from March 23 to May 4 through baseflow segmentation with the Eckhardt recursive digital filtering method combined with statistical analyses. A global sensitivity analysis, based on the back propagation neural network method, was used to identify daily radiation, wind speed, mean temperature, and precipitation as the main factors affecting snowmelt runoff. Daily radiation, precipitation, and mean temperature factors had a two-day lag effect. Based on these factors, an empirical snowmelt runoff model was established by genetic algorithm (GAS) to estimate the snowmelt runoff in this area. The model showed an acceptable performance with coefficient of determination (R2) of 73.6%, relative error (Re) of 25.10%, and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) of 66.2% in the calibration period of 1987–2010, while reasonable performance with R2 of 62.3%, Re of 27.2%, and NSE of 46.0% was also achieved during the 2011–2016 validation period.
Increased susceptibility to cortical spreading depression and epileptiform activity in a mouse model for FHM2
Authors: Kros Lieke , Lykke-Hartmann Karin , Khodakhah Kamran
Published: November 2018

Migraine is a highly prevalent, debilitating, episodic headache disorder affecting roughly 15% of the population. Familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 (FHM2) is a rare subtype of migraine caused by mutations in the ATP1A2 gene, encoding the α2 isoform of the Na+/K+-ATPase, predominantly expressed in astrocytes. Differential comorbidities such as epilepsy and psychiatric disorders manifest in patients. Using a mouse model harboring the G301R disease-mutation in the α2 isoform, we set to unravel whether α2+/G301R mice show an increased susceptibility for epilepsy and cortical spreading depression (CSD). We performed in vivo experiments involving cortical application of KCl in awake head-restrained male and female mice of different age groups (adult and aged). Interestingly, α2+/G301R mice indeed showed an increased susceptibility to both CSD and epileptiform activity, closely replicating symptoms in FHM2 patients harboring the G301R and other FHM2-causing mutations. Additionally, this epileptiform activity was superimposed on CSDs. The age-related alteration towards CSD indicates the influence of female sex hormones on migraine pathophysiology. Therefore, the FHM2, α2+/G301R mouse model can be utilized to broaden our understanding of generalized epilepsy and comorbidity hereof in migraine, and may be utilized toward future selection of possible treatment options for migraine.
Negativity volume of the generalized Wigner function as an entanglement witness for hybrid bipartite states
Authors: Arkhipov Ievgen I. , Barasiński Artur , Svozilík Jiří
Published: November 2018

In a recent paper, Tilma, Everitt et al. derived a generalized Wigner function that can characterize both the discrete and continuous variable states, i.e., hybrid states. As such, one can expect that the negativity of the generalized Wigner function applied to the hybrid states can reveal their nonclassicality, in analogy with the well-known Wigner function defined for the continuous variable states. In this work, we demonstrate that, indeed, the negativity volume of the generalized Wigner function of the hybrid bipartite states can be used as an entanglement witness for such states, provided that it exceeds a certain critical value. In particular, we study hybrid bipartite qubit–bosonic states and provide a qubit–Schrödinger cat state as an example. Since the detection of the generalized Wigner function of hybrid bipartite states in phase space can be experimentally simpler than the tomographic reconstruction of the corresponding density matrix, our results, therefore, present a convenient tool in the entanglement identification of such states.
Improved reference genome for the domestic horse increases assembly contiguity and composition
Authors: Kalbfleisch Theodore S. , Rice Edward S. , DePriest Michael S. , Walenz Brian P. , Hestand Matthew S. , Vermeesch Joris R. , O′Connell Brendan L. , Fiddes Ian T. , Vershinina Alisa O. , Saremi Nedda F. , Petersen Jessica L. , Finno Carrie J. , Bellone Rebecca R. , McCue Molly E. , Brooks Samantha A. , Bailey Ernest , Orlando Ludovic , Green Richard E. , Miller Donald C. , Antczak Douglas F. , MacLeod James N.
Published: November 2018

Recent advances in genomic sequencing technology and computational assembly methods have allowed scientists to improve reference genome assemblies in terms of contiguity and composition. EquCab2, a reference genome for the domestic horse, was released in 2007. Although of equal or better quality compared to other first-generation Sanger assemblies, it had many of the shortcomings common to them. In 2014, the equine genomics research community began a project to improve the reference sequence for the horse, building upon the solid foundation of EquCab2 and incorporating new short-read data, long-read data, and proximity ligation data. Here, we present EquCab3. The count of non-N bases in the incorporated chromosomes is improved from 2.33 Gb in EquCab2 to 2.41 Gb in EquCab3. Contiguity has also been improved nearly 40-fold with a contig N50 of 4.5 Mb and scaffold contiguity enhanced to where all but one of the 32 chromosomes is comprised of a single scaffold.
Dissection of metabolic reprogramming in polycystic kidney disease reveals coordinated rewiring of bioenergetic pathways
Authors: Podrini Christine , Rowe Isaline , Pagliarini Roberto , Costa Ana S. H. , Chiaravalli Marco , Di Meo Ivano , Kim Hyunho , Distefano Gianfranco , Tiranti Valeria , Qian Feng , di Bernardo Diego , Frezza Christian , Boletta Alessandra
Published: November 2018

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in PKD1 or PKD2. Increased glycolysis is a prominent feature of the disease, but how it impacts on other metabolic pathways is unknown. Here, we present an analysis of mouse Pkd1 mutant cells and kidneys to investigate the metabolic reprogramming of this pathology. We show that loss of Pkd1 leads to profound metabolic changes that affect glycolysis, mitochondrial metabolism, and fatty acid synthesis (FAS). We find that Pkd1-mutant cells preferentially use glutamine to fuel the TCA cycle and to sustain FAS. Interfering with either glutamine uptake or FAS retards cell growth and survival. We also find that glutamine is diverted to asparagine via asparagine synthetase (ASNS). Transcriptional profiling of PKD1-mutant human kidneys confirmed these alterations. We find that silencing of Asns is lethal in Pkd1-mutant cells when combined with glucose deprivation, suggesting therapeutic approaches for ADPKD.
A nanophase material and organic dye modified colorimetric sensor array for the discrimination of baijiu
Authors: Zheng Jia , Yang Ping , Li Jiawei , Li Pan , Hou Jingzhou , Huo Danqun , Hou Changjun , Zhang Suyi
Published: November 2018

In the present study, we fabricated a 3 × 3 colorimetric sensor array using nanomaterials/dyes as sensing dots to discriminate 8 commercial baijiu samples.
A hepatitis B virus-derived human hepatic cell-specific heparin-binding peptide: identification and application to a drug delivery system
Authors: Liu Qiushi , Somiya Masaharu , Iijima Masumi , Tatematsu Kenji , Kuroda Shun'ichi
Published: November 2018

Hepatitis B virus-mimicking nanoparticles containing doxorubicin for specific human hepatic drug delivery by heparin-binding activity.
Size-controlled and water-soluble gold nanoparticles using UV-induced ligand exchange and phase transfer
Authors: ten Hove Jan Bart , Schijven Laura M. I. , Wang Junyou , Velders Aldrik H.
Published: November 2018

Oleylamine-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with sizes ranging from 5 to 13 nm and narrow size distributions (<10%) are synthesized by using a seeded growth approach. Water-solubility is achieved by using a UV-induced ligand exchange approach.
Acid-catalyzed synthesis of functionalized arylthio cyclopropane carbaldehydes and ketones
Authors: Porcu Stefania , Luridiana Alberto , Martis Alberto , Frongia Angelo , Sarais Giorgia , Aitken David J. , Boddaert Thomas , Guillot Regis , Secci Francesco
Published: November 2018

A general strategy for the synthesis of arylthio cyclopropyl carbaldehydes and ketones via acid catalysed arylthiol addition/ring contraction reaction sequence has been exploited. The procedure led to a wide panel of cyclopropyl carbonyl compounds in high yields and broad substrate scope.
Retro-metal-ene versus retro-Aldol: mechanistic insight into Rh-catalysed formal [3+2] cycloaddition
Authors: Liu Song , Zhang Tao , Zhu Lei , Zhong Kangbao , Gong Jianxian , Yang Zhen , Bai Ruopeng , Lan Yu
Published: November 2018

Our theoretical calculation indicated that the competition between retro-metal-ene reaction and retro-Aldol-type reaction results in the expected hexahydropentalene product together with its diastereoisomer in the newly reported rhodium-catalysed intramolecular [3+2] cycloaddition.
Photochemical reactions of triplet phenylphosphinidene with carbon monoxide and nitric oxide
Authors: Mardyukov Artur , Niedek Dominik
Published: November 2018

The hitherto unknown phenylphosphaketene and phosphinimine-N-oxyl radical were prepared by photochemical reactions of triplet phenylphosphinidene with carbon monoxide and nitric oxide.
Enhanced photochemical activity and stability of ZnS by a simple alkaline treatment approach
Authors: Ul Abideen Zain , Teng Fei
Published: November 2018

A simple, low-cost alkaline treatment method not only greatly increases the BET surface area, but also improves the charge separation efficiency of ZnS.
Ab initio study of sodium diffusion and adsorption on boron-doped graphyne as promising anode material in sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Nasrollahpour Mokhtar , Vafaee Mohsen , Hosseini Mohammad Reza , Iravani Hossein
Published: November 2018

The electronic properties, adsorption energies and energy barrier of sodium ion diffusion in B-doped graphyne (BGY) are studied by density functional theory (DFT) method.
Molecular dynamics study of coil-to-globule transition in a thermo-responsive oligomer bound to various surfaces: hydrophilic surfaces stabilize the coil form
Authors: Consiglio Giuseppe , Forte Giuseppe
Published: November 2018

The structural and dynamical properties of 40-mer of thermo-responsive polymer PNIPAM covalently bound to different surfaces have been studied, at different temperatures, by means of molecular dynamics simulations.
Efficient light-driven CO2 hydrogenation on Ru/CeO2 catalysts
Authors: Quan Fengjiao , Zhan Guangming , Mao Chengliang , Ai Zhihui , Jia Falong , Zhang Lizhi , Gu Honggang , Liu Shiyuan
Published: November 2018

An efficient catalysis system for light-driven CO2 hydrogenation was designed and the function mechanism of light was investigated.
Strategic synthesis of [Cu2], [Cu4] and [Cu5] complexes: inhibition and triggering of ligand arm hydrolysis and self-aggregation by chosen ancillary bridges
Authors: Das Manisha , Canaj Angelos B. , Bertolasi Valerio , Murrie Mark , Ray Debashis
Published: November 2018

A new family of CuII-based coordination aggregates is synthesized from HL1 with Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O in the absence and presence of a group of carboxylates.
Modelling strategies for the covalent functionalization of 2D phosphorene
Authors: Ienco Andrea , Manca Gabriele , Peruzzini Maurizio , Mealli Carlo
Published: November 2018

This paper is a comparative outline of the potential acid–base adducts formed by an unsaturated main group or transition metal species and P atoms of phosphorene (Pn), which derives from black phosphorus exfoliation.
Redox behaviour of the β-dihydroporphycene cobalt complex: study on the effect of hydrogenation of the ligand
Authors: Hashimoto Koichi , Koide Taro , Okawara Toru , Shimakoshi Hisashi , Hori Yuta , Shiota Yoshihito , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Hisaeda Yoshio
Published: November 2018

The dihydrogenated porphycene cobalt(ii) complex was synthesized and the redox behavior and reactivity under reductive condition were revealed.
Influence of alcoholic solvent and acetate anion coordination mode variations on structures and magnetic properties of heterometallic Zn2Dy2 tetranuclear clusters
Authors: Ke Hongshan , Wei Wen , Zhang Yi-Quan , Zhang Jun , Xie Gang , Chen Sanping
Published: November 2018

We clarify that slight modifications of the synthetic conditions generate two Zn2Dy2 clusters with acetate anion coordination mode variation and different magnetic behaviors.
An open-framework silicogermanate regularly constructed from natrolite zeolite chains and Ge9O18(OH)4 clusters
Authors: Jo Donghui , Choi Wanuk , Shin Jiho , Hong Suk Bong
Published: November 2018

An open-framework silicogermanate denoted as PST-18, whose structure is built from the natrolite chain and the Ge9 cluster, has been synthesized.
Impact of radiation induced crystallization on programmable metallization cell electrical characteristics and reliability
Authors: Gonzalez-Velo Yago , Patadia Arshey , Barnaby Hugh J. , Kozicki Michael N.
Published: November 2018

Chalcogenide-based, programmable metallization cells (PMC) cells have been characterized after exposure to increasing levels of absorbed dose (i.e., ionizing radiation exposure).
Direct optical excitation of dark plasmons for hot electron generation
Authors: Mueller Niclas S. , Vieira Bruno G. M. , Höing Dominik , Schulz Florian , Barros Eduardo B. , Lange Holger , Reich Stephanie
Published: November 2018

We demonstrate the excitation of dark modes and creation of hot electrons using linearly polarized light and scalable, cost-effective plasmonic surfaces.
Troxerutin down-regulates KIM-1, modulates p38 MAPK signaling, and enhances renal regenerative capacity in a rat model of gentamycin-induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Salama Samir A. , Arab Hany H. , Maghrabi Ibrahim A.
Published: November 2018

Troxerutin enhances renal tissue regeneration, improves renal function, and decreases renal tissue injury in gentamycin-treated rats.
Finding solutions for agricultural wastes: antioxidant and antitumor properties of pomegranate Akko peel extracts and β-glucan recovery
Authors: Fazio Alessia , Iacopetta Domenico , La Torre Chiara , Ceramella Jessica , Muià Noemi , Catalano Alessia , Carocci Alessia , Sinicropi Maria Stefania
Published: November 2018

This paper reports β-Glucan extraction from pomegranate peels for the first time. Moreover, acetone and methanol extracts exert “in vitro” antioxidant and antitumor properties.
Catalyst-free ambient temperature synthesis of isoquinoline-fused benzimidazoles from 2-alkynylbenzaldehydes via alkyne hydroamination
Authors: Mishra Manisha , Twardy Dylan , Ellstrom Clifford , Wheeler Kraig A. , Dembinski Roman , Török Béla
Published: November 2018

An efficient environmentally benign route for the synthesis of benzimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinoline has been developed by reacting 2-ethynylbenzaldehyde and related substituted alkynylbenzaldehydes with variously substituted ortho-phenylenediamines and aliphatic amines in ethanol.
An efficient magnetic carbon-based solid acid treatment for corncob saccharification with high selectivity for xylose and enhanced enzymatic digestibility
Authors: Qi Wei , Liu Guifeng , He Chao , Liu Shuna , Lu Si , Yue Jun , Wang Qiong , Wang Zhongming , Yuan Zhenhong , Hu Jianhua
Published: November 2018

An efficient magnetic carbon-based solid acid treatment for corncob saccharification.
Optimisation of a current generation ICP-QMS and benchmarking against MC-ICP-MS spectrometry for the determination of lead isotope ratios in environmental samples
Authors: Usman Abida , Ander E. Louise , Bailey Elizabeth H. , Nelms Simon , Pashley Vanessa , Young Scott D. , Chenery Simon R.
Published: November 2018

Novel ANOVA methodology was used to benchmark ICP-QMS against MC-ICP-MS for Pb isotope ratios, demonstrating “fitness-for-purpose” in source apportionment.
Correlative light and electron microscopy for complex cellular structures on PDMS substrates with coded micro-patterns
Authors: Sun Rong , Chen Xi , Yin Chun-Ying , Qi Lei , Lau Pak-Ming , Han Hua , Bi Guo-Qiang
Published: November 2018

A correlative light and electron microscopy system that utilizes PDMS substrates with coded micro-patterns has been developed.
High-temperature phase transitions, switchable dielectric behaviors and barocaloric effects in three new organic molecule-based crystals
Authors: Li Rui-Xia , Zhou Lin , Shi Ping-Ping , Zheng Xuan , Gao Ji-Xing , Ye Qiong , Fu Da-Wei
Published: November 2018

Three new organic molecule-based compounds which undergo high-temperature phase transitions and display switchable dielectric behaviors.
Effect of Ca2+ ion co-doping on radiative properties via tuning the local symmetry around the Eu3+ ions in orange red light emitting GdPO4:Eu3+ phosphors
Authors: Halappa Pramod , Devakumar Balaji , Shivakumara C.
Published: November 2018

Photo-luminescent properties of Ca2+ substituted GdPO4:Eu3+ novel phosphors.
Ferroelectric resistive switching behavior in two-dimensional materials/BiFeO3 hetero-junctions
Authors: Li Yang , Sun Xue-Yin , Xu Cheng-Yan , Cao Jian , Sun Zhao-Yuan , Zhen Liang
Published: November 2018

We presented thickness-dependent ferroelectric resistive switching in 2D/BFO heterojunctions, which stems from ferroelectric polarization induced hetero-interface modulation.
Anisotropic ultraviolet-plasmon dispersion in black phosphorus
Authors: Nicotra Giuseppe , van Veen Edo , Deretzis Ioannis , Wang Lin , Hu Jin , Mao Zhiqiang , Fabio Vito , Spinella Corrado , Chiarello Gennaro , Rudenko Alexander , Yuan Shengjun , Politano Antonio
Published: November 2018

By means of momentum-resolved EELS coupled with STM, we have studied interband plasmonic modes in the ultraviolet in black phosphorus.
New nanoscale toughening mechanisms mitigate embrittlement in binary nanocrystalline alloys
Authors: Heckman Nathan M. , Foiles Stephen M. , O'Brien Christopher J. , Chandross Michael , Barr Christopher M. , Argibay Nicolas , Hattar Khalid , Lu Ping , Adams David P. , Boyce Brad L.
Published: November 2018

Inhomogeneous chemical segregation to grain boundaries in nanocrystalline metals can lead to a new toughening mechanism called compositional crack arrest.
Role of the Cu substrate in the growth of ultra-flat crack-free highly-crystalline single-layer graphene
Authors: Huet Benjamin , Raskin Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2018

Producing ultra-flat crack-free single-layer high-quality graphene over large areas has remained the key challenge to fully exploit graphene's potential into next-generation technological applications.
C60-Decorated nickel–cobalt phosphide as an efficient and robust electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Du Zhiling , Jannatun Nahar , Yu Danyang , Ren Juan , Huang Wenhuan , Lu Xing
Published: November 2018

High-activity electrocatalysts play a crucial role in energy conversion through splitting water to produce hydrogen.
Aminoluciferin 4-hydroxyphenyl amide enables bioluminescence detection of endogenous tyrosinase
Authors: Tang Chunchao , Jin Lei , Lin Yuxing , Su Jing , Sun Yingai , Liu Pan , Li Qi , Wang Guankai , Zhang Zheng , Du Lupei , Li Minyong
Published: November 2018

We report a new BL probe,TyrBP-3, which not only exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity for imaging tyrosinase in vitro, and good cell-permeability for detecting tyrosinase in living cells, but can also visualize the level of tyrosinase activity in tumors of living animals.
One-step synthesis of N,N′-substituted 4-imidazolidinones by an isocyanide-based pseudo-five-multicomponent reaction
Authors: Attorresi Cecilia I. , Bonifazi Evelyn L. , Ramírez Javier A. , Gola Gabriel F.
Published: November 2018

A pseudo-five-multicomponent reaction involving an isocyanide, a primary amine, two molecules of formaldehyde and water is reported, which gives N,N′-substituted 4-imidazolidinones when trifluoroethanol is used as the solvent.
Highly-ordered onion micelles made from amphiphilic highly-branched copolymers
Authors: Canning Sarah L. , Ferner Joseph M. F. , Mangham Natalie M. , Wear Trevor J. , Reynolds Stuart W. , Morgan Jonathan , Fairclough J. Patrick A. , King Stephen M. , Swift Tom , Geoghegan Mark , Rimmer Stephen
Published: November 2018

Uniform onion micelles formed from up to ten nano-structured polymer layers were produced by the aqueous self-assembly of highly-branched copolymers.
Visible-light-mediated α-phosphorylation of N-aryl tertiary amines through the formation of electron-donor–acceptor complexes: synthetic and mechanistic studies
Authors: Quint Valentin , Chouchène Nourhène , Askri Moheddine , Lalevée Jacques , Gaumont Annie-Claude , Lakhdar Sami
Published: November 2018

A visible light-mediated photocatalyst-free approach for the oxidative α-CH functionalization of N-aryl tertiary amines with secondary phosphine oxides has been developed.
Silver-promoted selective fluorination of 2-aminopyrimidines: synthesis of 5-fluoro-2-aminopyrimidine derivatives
Authors: Zhao Mingzhu , Cai Juewang , Zhao Xiaoming
Published: November 2018

Ag-Promoted selective fluorination of 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives with Selectfluor is presented, giving 4-substituted 5-fluoro-2-aminopyrimidines in fair to high yields with excellent regioselectivities.
K6P2W18O62 encapsulated into magnetic Fe3O4/MIL-101 (Cr) metal–organic framework: a novel magnetically recoverable nanoporous adsorbent for ultrafast treatment of aqueous organic pollutants solutions
Authors: Jarrah Afsoon , Farhadi Saeed
Published: November 2018

A Wells–Dawson-type K6P2W18O62 polyoxometalate was encapsulated into the magnetic Fe3O4/MIL-101 (Cr) metal–organic framework and applied as a new magnetically recoverable ternary adsorbent to remove organic dyes from aqueous solutions.
A facile synthesis methodology for preparation of Ag–Ni-reduced graphene oxide: a magnetically separable versatile nanocatalyst for multiple organic reactions and density functional study of its electronic structures
Authors: Chandel Madhurya , Makkar Priyanka , Ghosh Barun Kumar , Moitra Debabrata , Ghosh Narendra Nath
Published: November 2018

Here, we report a simple ‘in situ’ co-precipitation reduction synthesis method for the preparation of nanocatalysts composed of Ag, Ni nanoparticles, and reduced graphene oxide (RGO).
Study of Pd-based catalysts within red algae-derived polysaccharide supports in a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction
Authors: Wolfson Adi , Biton Shira , Levy-Ontman Oshrat
Published: November 2018

Simple palladium complexes were heterogenized into red algae derived polysaccharide supports, and the effects of polysaccharide, catalyst and solvent types on the performances in a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction were tested.
Strain-induced conductivity accelerated recoveries in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructure with millimeter scale
Authors: Wang Xiangqi , Zhang Min , Tian Xirui , Zhang Yinying , Gong Junbo , Rahman Azizur , Dai Rucheng , Wang Zhongping , Zhang Zengming
Published: November 2018

The transport and magnetic properties of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) heterostructure have been studied during cooling and warming.
Correction: Preparation of superhydrophobic surfaces with micro/nano alumina molds
Authors: Yanagishita Takashi , Murakoshi Kaito , Kondo Toshiaki , Masuda Hideki
Published: November 2018

Correction for ‘Preparation of superhydrophobic surfaces with micro/nano alumina molds’ by Takashi Yanagishita et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 36697–36704.
Gold-catalyzed (4+3)-annulations of 2-alkenyl-1-alkynylbenzenes with anthranils with alkyne-dependent chemoselectivity: skeletal rearrangement versus non-rearrangement
Authors: Singh RahulKumar Rajmani , Skaria Manisha , Chen Liang-Yu , Cheng Mu-Jeng , Liu Rai-Shung
Published: November 2018

Two distinct (4+3)-nitroxy annulations between 1,5-enynes and anthranils have been developed to access tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine derivatives.
Electrocatalytic reduction of low concentration CO2
Authors: Kumagai Hiromu , Nishikawa Tetsuya , Koizumi Hiroki , Yatsu Taiki , Sahara Go , Yamazaki Yasuomi , Tamaki Yusuke , Ishitani Osamu
Published: November 2018

Electrocatalytic reduction of low concentration CO2 was selectively and efficiently carried out by using a Re(I) complex with high CO2-capturing ability.
EDTA etching: a simple way for regulating the traps, size and aqueous-dispersibility of Cr3+-doped zinc gallate
Authors: Wang He-Fang , Chen Xi , Feng Fan , Ji Xia , Zhang Ye
Published: November 2018

EDTA etching, the first strategy that simply generates deep traps while reducing the size and improving the aqueous-dispersibility, is presented.
The inverted ketene synthon: a double umpolung approach to enantioselective β2,3-amino amide synthesis
Authors: Vishe Mahesh , Johnston Jeffrey N.
Published: November 2018

A stereocontrolled route to β2,3-amino amides results from enantioselective nitroalkane-nitroalkene addition reactions and umpolung amide synthesis.
Oscillating dispersed-phase co-flow microfluidic droplet generation: jet length reduction effect
Authors: Shams Khorrami Amin , Rezai Pouya
Published: November 2018

An oscillating-needle co-flow technique for jet length reduction and production of multi-size droplets at high throughput in a channel.
A polymer-free, biomimicry drug self-delivery system fabricatedviaa synergistic combination of bottom-up and top-down approaches
Authors: Xu Xiaobao , Yang Gaomai , Xue Xiangdong , Lu Hongwei , Wu Hao , Huang Yee , Jing Di , Xiao Wenwu , Tian Jingkui , Yao Wei , Pan Chong-xian , Lin Tzu-yin , Li Yuanpei
Published: November 2018

A pure drug self-delivery system with a cell membrane modified to create a unique class of ideal drug delivery platforms.
Dual interfacial modification engineering with p-type NiO nanocrystals for preparing efficient planar perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhang Weina , Song Jing , Wang Deng , Deng Kaiming , Wu Jihuai , Zhang Lan
Published: November 2018

High-efficiency and long-term stable planar perovskite solar cells have been achieved by dual interfacial modification engineering with p-type NiO nanocrystals.
PARPs in genome stability and signal transduction: implications for cancer therapy
Authors: Palazzo Luca , Ahel Ivan
Published: November 2018

The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) superfamily of enzymes catalyses the ADP-ribosylation (ADPr) of target proteins by using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a donor. ADPr reactions occur either in the form of attachment of a single ADP-ribose nucleotide unit on target proteins or in the form of ADP-ribose chains, with the latter called poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. PARPs regulate many cellular processes, including the maintenance of genome stability and signal transduction. In this review, we focus on the PARP family members that possess the ability to modify proteins by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, namely PARP1, PARP2, Tankyrase-1, and Tankyrase-2. Here, we detail the cellular functions of PARP1 and PARP2 in the regulation of DNA damage response and describe the function of Tankyrases in Wnt-mediated signal transduction. Furthermore, we discuss how the understanding of these pathways has provided some major breakthroughs in the treatment of human cancer.
Calcium and Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent kinase II as targets for helminth parasite control
Authors: Nawaratna Sujeevi S. K. , You Hong , Jones Malcolm K. , McManus Donald P. , Gobert Geoffrey N.
Published: November 2018

In eukaryotes, effective calcium homeostasis is critical for many key biological processes. There is an added level of complexity in parasites, particularly multicellular helminth worms, which modulate calcium levels while inhabiting the host microenvironment. Parasites ensure efficient calcium homeostasis through gene products, such as the calmodulin-dependent kinases (CaMK), the main focus of this review. The importance of CaMK is becoming increasingly apparent from recent functional studies of helminth and protozoan parasites. Investigations on the molecular regulation of calcium and the role of CaMK are important for both supplementing current drug regimens and finding new antiparasitic compounds. Whereas calcium regulators, including CaMK, are well characterised in mammalian systems, knowledge of their functional properties in parasites is increasing but is still in its infancy.
Color spectrographic respiratory monitoring from the external ear canal
Authors: Jafarian Kamal , Hassani Kamran , Doyle D. John , Lahiji Mohammad Niakan , Moghaddam Omid Moradi , Saket Ala , Majidi Mahsa , Izadi Farhad
Published: November 2018

The need for simple and reliable means of respiratory monitoring has existed since the beginnings of medicine. In the present study, we describe the use of color spectrographic analysis of breathing sounds recorded from the external ear canal as a candidate technology to meet this need. A miniature electret microphone was modified with the addition of an adapter to allow it to be placed comfortably in the external ear canal. The amplified signal was then connected to a real-time color spectrogram program running on a laptop personal computer utilizing the Windows operating system. Based on the results obtained, we hypothesize that the real-time display of color spectrogram breathing patterns locally or at a central monitoring station may turn out to be a useful means of respiratory monitoring in patients at increased risk of respiratory depression or other respiratory problems. Finally, we conducted a statistical analysis that suggests that significant spectrogram differences may exist among some groups investigated in the study.
The Shape Bias in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Potential Sources of Individual Differences
Authors: Abdelaziz Ahmed , Kover Sara T. , Wagner Manuela , Naigles Letitia R.
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate many mechanisms of lexical acquisition that support language in typical development; however, 1 notable exception is the shape bias. The bases of these children's difficulties with the shape bias are not well understood, and the current study explored potential sources of individual differences from the perspectives of both attentional and conceptual accounts of the shape bias.

Method

Shape bias performance from the dataset of Potrzeba, Fein, and Naigles (2015) was analyzed, including 33 children with typical development
(M
= 20 months;
SD
= 1.6), 15 children with ASD with high verbal abilities (
M
= 33 months;
SD
= 4.6), and 14 children with ASD with low verbal abilities
(M
= 33 months;
SD
= 6.6). Lexical predictors (shape-side noun percentage from the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventory; Fenson et al., 2007) and social-pragmatic predictors (joint attention duration during play sessions) were considered as predictors of subsequent shape bias performance.

Results

For children in the low verbal ASD group, initiation of joint attention (positively) and passive attention (negatively) predicted subsequent shape bias performance, controlling for initial language and developmental level. Proportion of child's known nouns with shape-defined properties correlated negatively with shape bias performance in the high verbal ASD group but did not reach significance in regression models.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that no single account sufficiently explains the observed individual differences in shape bias performance in children with ASD. Nonetheless, these findings break new ground in highlighting the role of social communicative interactions as integral to understanding specific language outcomes (i.e., the shape bias) in children with ASD, especially those with low verbal abilities, and point to new hypotheses concerning the linguistic content of these interactions.

Presentation Video

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7299581
SMARTer Approach to Personalizing Intervention for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kasari Connie , Sturm Alexandra , Shih Wendy
Published: November 2018

Purpose

This review article introduces research methods for personalization of intervention. Our goals are to review evidence-based practices for improving social communication impairment in children with autism spectrum disorder generally and then how these practices can be systematized in ways that personalize intervention, especially for children who respond slowly to an initial evidence-based practice.

Method

The narrative reflects on the current status of modular and targeted interventions on social communication outcomes in the field of autism research. Questions are introduced regarding personalization of interventions that can be addressed through research methods. These research methods include adaptive treatment designs and the Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial. Examples of empirical studies using research designs are presented to answer questions of personalization.

Conclusion

Bridging the gap between research studies and clinical practice can be advanced by research that attempts to answer questions pertinent to the broad heterogeneity in children with autism spectrum disorder, their response to interventions, and the fact that a single intervention is not effective for all children.

Presentation Video

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7298021
Imaging the disc rim and a moving close-in companion candidate in the pre-transitional disc of V1247 Orionis
Authors: Willson Matthew , Kraus Stefan , Kluska Jacques , Monnier John D. , Cure Michel , Sitko Mike , Aarnio Alicia , Ireland Michael J. , Rizzuto Aaron , Hone Edward , Kreplin Alexander , Andrews Sean , Calvet Nuria , Espaillat Catherine , Fukagawa Misato , Harries Tim J. , Hinkley Sasha , Kanaan Samer , Muto Takayuki , Wilner David J.
Published: November 2018

Context.V1247 Orionis harbours a pre-transitional disc with a partially cleared gap. Earlier interferometric and polarimetric observations revealed strong asymmetries both in the gap region and in the outer disc. The presence of a companion was inferred to explain these asymmetric structures and the ongoing disc clearing.

Aims.Using an extensive set of multi-wavelength and multi-epoch observations we aimed to identify the origin of the previously detected asymmetries.

Methods.We have observed V1247 Ori at three epochs spanning ~678 days using sparse aperture masking interferometry with Keck/NIRC2 and VLT/NACO. In addition, we search for signs of accretion through VLT/SPHERE-ZIMPOL spectral differential imaging in Hα andR-band continuum. Our SMA sub-millimetre interferometry in 880μm continuum and in the CO(3-2) line allows us to constrain the orientation and direction of rotation of the outer disc.

Results.We find theL′-band emission to be dominated by static features which trace forward-scattered dust emission from the inner edge of the outer disc located to the north-east. InH- andK-bands, we see evidence for a companion candidate that moved systematically by 45° within the first ~345 days. The separation of the companion candidate is not well constrained, but the observed position angle change is consistent with Keplerian motion of a body located on a 6 au orbit. From the SMA CO moment map, the location of the disc rim, and the detected orbital motion, we deduced the three-dimensional orientation of the disc. We see no indication of accretion in Hα and set upper limits for an accreting companion.

Conclusions.The measured contrast of the companion candidate inHandKis consistent with an actively accreting protoplanet. Hence, we identify V1247 Ori as a unique laboratory for studying companion–disc interactions and disc clearing.
Spectral modeling of type II supernovae
Authors: Vogl C. , Sim S. A. , Noebauer U. M. , Kerzendorf W. E. , Hillebrandt W.
Published: November 2018

We present substantial extensions to the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code TARDIS to perform spectral synthesis for type II supernovae. By incorporating a non-LTE ionization and excitation treatment for hydrogen, a full account of free–free and bound-free processes, a self-consistent determination of the thermal state and by improving the handling of relativistic effects, the improved code version includes the necessary physics to perform spectral synthesis for type II supernovae to high precision as required for the reliable inference of supernova properties. We demonstrate the capabilities of the extended version of TARDIS by calculating synthetic spectra for the prototypical type II supernova SN1999em and by deriving a new and independent set of dilution factors for the expanding photosphere method. We have investigated in detail the dependence of the dilution factors on photospheric properties and, for the first time, on changes in metallicity. We also compare our results with the previously published sets of dilution factors and discuss the potential sources of the discrepancies between studies.