bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Linguistic Classification of the Reading Traditions of Biblical Hebrew
Authors: Kantor Benjamin Paul
Published: August 2023

In recent decades, the field of Biblical Hebrew philology and linguistics has been witness to a growing interest in the diverse traditions of Biblical Hebrew. Indeed, while there is a tendency for many students and scholars to conceive of Biblical Hebrew as equivalent with the Tiberian pointing of the Leningrad Codex as it appears in Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (BHS), there are many other important reading traditions attested throughout history.

Origen’s Secunda reflects a late Roman reading tradition of Biblical Hebrew transcribed into Greek letters. Occasional transcriptions of Biblical Hebrew into Latin letters in Jerome’s commentaries similarly reflect a reading tradition from early Byzantine Palestine. In the medieval period, alongside Tiberian Hebrew we also find the Babylonian tradition and the Palestinian tradition. The modern oral reading tradition of the Samaritan community also likely has roots in the Second Temple period.

Aside from these primary attestations of the reading traditions, there are a whole host of other modern reading traditions of Biblical Hebrew, from Ashkenazi, to Sephardi, and Yemenite. Despite the rich diversity of traditions of Biblical Hebrew at our fingertips, the linguistic relationship between them has never been mapped out. In this book, then, the phyla-and-waves methodology, which has been used for Semitic language classification, is used to map out the relationship between the main reading traditions of Biblical Hebrew throughout history.
Identifying Important Microphysical Properties and Processes for Marine Fog Forecasts
Authors: Pope Nathan Hexum , Igel Adele L.
Published: August 2023

In this study, a marine fog event that occurred from 0000 to 1800 UTC 7 September 2018 near Canada’s Grand Banks is used to investigate the sensitivity of simulated fog properties to six model parameters found primarily in the microphysics scheme. To do so, we ran a large suite of regional simulations that spanned the life cycle of the fog event using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). We randomly selected parameter combinations for the simulation suite and used Gaussian process regression to emulate the response of a variety of simulated fog properties to the parameters. We find that the microphysics shape parameter, which controls the relative width of the droplet size distribution, and the aerosol number concentration have the greatest impact on fog in terms of spatial extent, duration, and surface visibility. In general, parameters that reduce mean fall speed of droplets and/or suppress drizzle formation lead to reduced visibility in fog but also delayed onset, shorter lifetimes, and reduced spatial extent. The importance of the distribution width suggests a need for better characterization of this property for fog droplet distributions and better treatment of this property in microphysics schemes.
Evaluation of Multiweek Tropical Cyclone Forecasts in the Philippines
Authors: Tierra Maria Czarina M. , Lo Tzu-Ting , Tsai Hsiao-Chung , Villafuerte Marcelino Q.
Published: August 2023

In the pursuit of providing tropical cyclone (TC) forecasts beyond the conventional time scales covered by weather forecasting in the Philippines, this study has examined the multiweek (i.e., from week 1 to week 4) TC forecast skill in the country. TC forecasts derived from three ensemble models, namely, the NCEP Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2), the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Ensemble Prediction System (ECMWF), and the NCEP Global Ensemble Forecast System version 12 (GEFSv12) from 6 October 2020 to 31 October 2021 were verified. Results revealed that the ECMWF model is consistently the most skillful in multiweek TC prediction over the domain bounded by 110°–155°E and 0°–27°N in the western North Pacific. The ECMWF obtained hit rates ranging from 0.25 to 0.31, low false alarm rates of 0–0.33, and the highest equitable threat scores among the models. In contrast to this, the GEFSv12 and CFSv2 models had varying skills, with the former performing better in the first two weeks and the latter in longer lead times. It is further revealed that the three models generally underestimate the observed number of storms, storm days, and accumulated cyclone energy. Moreover, the study shows that the forecast TC tracks have a significant (p < 0.05) positional bias toward the right of observed tracks beyond week 1, and that they tend to propagate slower than observations especially in week 1 and week 2. These findings contribute to better understanding the strengths and limitations of these ensemble models useful for eventual provision of multiweek TC forecasts in the Philippines.
The New Invisible Hand: How Common Owners Use the Media as a Strategic Tool
Authors: DesJardine Mark R. , Shi Wei , Cheng Xin
Published: August 2023

While research has uncovered an array of visible competitive dynamics, a strategic world of competition lies beneath the surface that should also be theorized and empirically traced. We investigate the strategic consequences of “media–rival” common ownership, in which investors own a media company and a non-media focal firm’s rivals. We posit that focal firms receive worse coverage from media outlets when institutional investors hold substantial ownership in both a media company and the focal firm’s rivals because the investors’ common holdings provide them with incentives and power to enhance the competitiveness of their portfolio firms by tainting the focal firm’s media coverage. We account for three moderators to show that this effect amplifies when investors have stronger incentives and power to influence the media and when media executives have incentives to cater to the interests of their investors. Using a novel dataset on common ownership of rival firms and media companies, we find support for our theory. Our study reveals a new invisible hand underlying competitive markets and offers a new view of the media as a strategic tool.
Evolution of Pulmonary Contusions in Patients With Severe Rib Fractures: Cause for Concern?
Authors: Van Wijck Suzanne F. M. , Smith Elizabeth F. , Werner Nicole L. , Madden Kelley , Moore Ernest E. , Wijffels Mathieu M. E. , Pieracci Fredric M.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The progression of pulmonary contusions remains poorly understood. This study aimed to measure the radiographic change in pulmonary contusions over time and evaluate the association of the radiographic change with clinical outcomes and surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF).

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included adults admitted with three or more displaced rib fractures or flail segment on trauma CT and when a chest CT was repeated within one week after trauma. Radiographic severity of pulmonary contusions was assessed using the Blunt Pulmonary Contusion Score (BPC18). Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the relation between SSRF and worsening contusions on repeat CT, adjusted for potential confounders.

Results

Of 231 patients, 56 (24%) had a repeat CT scan. Of these, 55 (98%) had pulmonary contusion on the first CT scan with a median BPC18 score of 5 (P25-P75 3-7). Repeat CTs showed an overall decrease of the median BPC18 score to 4 (P25-P75 2-6, P = .02), but demonstrated a worsening of the pulmonary contusion in 16 patients (29%). All repeat CTs conducted within 12 hours post-injury demonstrated increasing BPC18. Radiographic worsening of pulmonary contusions was not associated with SSRF, nor with worse respiratory outcomes or intensive care length of stay, compared to patients with radiographically stable or improving contusions.

Discussion

In patients with severe rib fracture patterns who undergo repeat imaging, pulmonary contusions are prevalent and become radiographically worse within at least the first 12 hours after injury. No association between radiographic worsening and clinical outcomes was found.
Prognostic Value of Multiple Complete Blood Count-Derived Indices in Intermediate Coronary Lesions
Authors: Yang Yuxiu , Song Chenxi , Jia Lei , Dong Qiuting , Song Weihua , Yin Dong , Dou Kefei
Published: August 2023

Complete blood count (CBC)-derived indices have been proposed as reliable inflammatory biomarkers to predict outcomes in the context of coronary artery disease. These indices have yet to be thoroughly validated in patients with intermediate coronary stenosis. Our study included 1527 patients only with intermediate coronary stenosis. The examined variables were neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived NLR, monocyte–lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), system inflammation response index (SIRI), and aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI). The primary endpoint was the composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and unplanned revascularization. Over a follow-up of 6.11 (5.73–6.55) years, MACEs occurred in 189 patients. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis showed that SIRI outperformed other indices with the most significant area under the curve. In the multivariable analysis, SIRI (hazard ratio [HR] 1.588, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.138–2.212) and AISI (HR 1.673, 95% CI 1.217–2.300) were the most important prognostic factors among all the indices. The discrimination ability of each index was strengthened in patients with less burden of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. SIRI also exhibited the best incremental value beyond the traditional cardiovascular risk model.
Chinese Multinationals’ Internationalization Strategies: New Realities, New Pathways
Authors: Zámborský Peter , Yan Zheng Joseph , Michailova Snejina , Zhuang Vincent
Published: August 2023

This article discusses how Chinese multinational enterprises internationalize in an era of increasingly fractured globalization. It introduces new perspectives that identify and describe four strategic pathways these multinationals employ while acquiring strategic assets and building and leveraging capabilities to increase value from their international presence. The pathways—bouncing up, down, sideways, and back—depend on the multinationals’ strategies and the evolution of their internationalization. The pathways are distinct yet intertwined and influenced by powerful non-market forces, including geopolitical tensions (U.S.-China rivalry in particular) and Chinese domestic regulatory intervention. These dynamics manifest themselves in globalization, de-globalization, and re-globalization shifts.
Analysis of YouTube content on substance use disorder treatment and recovery
Authors: Raj Sonika , Ghosh Abhishek , Pandiyan Sabaresh , Chauhan Devika , Goel Sonu
Published: August 2023

Background and aim:

Emerging literature suggests the role of social media in substance use disorders (SUD). This study aimed to explore the content of YouTube videos for persons on SUD treatment/recovery, describing the users’ exposure and engagement metrics and understanding viewers’ perspectives.

Methods:

We generated a set of 10 key phrases to search on YouTube. Eighty eligible videos were analyzed using a mixed-methods approach. Content analysis of all videos and thematic analysis of 30 videos were done using the three most viewed videos from each key phrase. The reliability of videos was assessed using a modified DISCERN. The total number of views, likes, dislikes, and comments were noted and created engagement metrics. The linguistic analysis of viewers’ comments was done to assess their perspectives.

Results:

Sixty-three (78.8%) videos were from the US, and 59 (73.8%) were intended for persons or families with substance misuse. Persons in recovery uploaded 23 (28.7%) videos. We identified five themes – reasons for using drugs, symptoms of addiction, consequences of drug use, how to stop drug use, and expressed tone in the language. The positivity and relative positivity ratios were highest for videos developed by persons in recovery. There was a negative correlation between the relative positivity ratio and content fostering internalized stigma. Words with negative emotional experiences dominated the viewers’ comments.

Conclusion:

YouTube content on SUD treatment and recovery is popular and revolves around the biopsychosocial understanding of addiction. There is an urgent need for a language policy and regulation of non-scientific content.
Examining the quality of news media reporting of complex mental illness in relation to violent crime in Australia
Authors: Graham Madeline , Morgan Amy , Paton Elizabeth , Ross Anna
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

News reporting on mental illness can perpetuate stigma. An understanding of the current picture of such reporting is important to identify areas for improvement. This study investigated the quality of Australian news media coverage of complex mental illness in the context of crime and violence over a 2-year period, prior to the release of new media guidelines.

Methods:

This research utilised a systematic search of Australian news articles that were published between July 2018 and July 2020 and reported on mental illness in relation to violent crime. Researchers developed a Mental Illness and Crime Reporting Quality Framework to determine quality scores for news articles according to 11 relevant factors in media guidelines. An additional 11 characteristics of articles were extracted for further descriptive analysis.

Results:

One-hundred and twenty-eight Australian news articles met inclusion criteria. The average quality score was 50 ( SD = 13.91) out of a possible maximum score of 100 (range 11–78). Strengths and weaknesses were identified as some criteria were consistently met, and other criteria were met rarely or not at all. There were emerging trends between quality scores and article characteristics, including publication source, though these analyses were not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The findings indicate that Australian news coverage of complex mental illness and violent crime met half of the criteria of reporting guidelines that minimises risk of perpetuating or reinforcing stigma. This demonstrates significant opportunity to improve the overall quality of media reporting on crime and mental illness. Future research should evaluate the impact of the guidelines on the quality of news reporting after their implementation by utilising a similar methodology, using these findings as a baseline measure.
The Role of Personalities in Nigeria’s Peacekeeping Operations in Africa
Authors: Rogers Roy Anthony , Safiyanu Sani
Published: August 2023

This study examines the role of personalities in Nigeria’s contributions to PKOs in Africa and beyond. The paper argued that the successes achieved by Nigeria in PKOs would not have been possible without such personalities at the helm of affairs. The study established that the actions of characters involved in PKOs have both positive and negative consequences. The accumulation of experiences through its PKOs has helped develop the country’s security and economy and built sufficient institutions. In contrast, the country’s PKO policies had, at the same time, strengthened and enabled institutionalise corruption and indiscipline within the military and the general society at large, with mediocracy being the order of the day and compromises in almost all government businesses. The study recommends strengthening institutions – such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Defence and other relevant agencies rather than individuals.
The Personalist Basis of the Church's Teaching on Human Sexuality and the Natural Law in the Work of John Paul II. Part I
Authors: Fedoryka Maria
Published: August 2023

Responding to Pope John Paul II's call to give the “ethical grounds and personalistic reasons” behind the Church's teaching on sexual morality, this reflection written over the span of two articles analyzes the norms of the natural law related to human sexuality from a personalist perspective. The key ideas of this study are drawn from two passages: one from Gaudium et spes which states that “The sexual characteristics of man and the human faculty of reproduction wonderfully exceed the dispositions of lower forms of life”, the other from Humanae vitae stating that “Conjugal love reveals its true nature and nobility when it is considered in its supreme origin, God, who is love … and it is of supreme importance to have an exact idea of these.” Part I provides an overview of natural law theory, explaining what it means that the natural law is not arbitrary, but the moral norms governing our actions in relation to the beings in the world are rooted in the nature and value of those things. Second, on the background of John Paul II's idea that “the body is the person,” this article brings to light a type of bodily act (which I call an “embodying act”) that is not only bodily, but one that forms an organic union with an act of the spirit. Finally, we examine here the nature of love as consisting of two dimensions: of mutual self-giving as well as the fruitfulness arising from mutual self-gift. The analysis of “embodying acts” together with the analysis of love will be crucial for arriving at one of the main conclusions in Part II, namely, that the Church's moral norms governing the use of the spousal act are not grounded in the biological structure of sex, but in the laws of love.
Numerical treatment of thermal nanofluid flow for energy enhancement over a porous stretching sheet impact of slip and buoyancy force
Authors: Zeeshan  , Islam Saeed , Hussain Shah , Khan Waris , Salah Bashir
Published: August 2023

The advancement of nanofluid innovation is a crucial area of research for physicists, mathematicians, manufacturers, and materials scientists. In engineering and industries, the fluid velocity caused by stretching sheets and nanofluids has a lot of applications such as refrigerators, chips, heat exchangers, hybrid mechanical motors, food development, and so on. The originality of the current study is the analysis of the thermal nanofluid in the existence of a porous matrix, and buoyancy force over the stretched sheet, so in limiting cases, the existing work is equated with the available effort, and excellent correspondence is originated. The governing equations in terms of PDEs are changed to the convection differential by utilizing the appropriate transformation and then solved by the ND-solved method along with bvph2. The thermal boundary layer thickness upsurges as the radiation and temperature factors are improved. It is observed that with the growing amount of volume fraction factor the velocity profile declines. When the velocity slip factors and permeability are enhanced the velocity profile augments. It is examined as the values of permeability factor, Biot number, and velocity slip factor are increased the inner temperature of the fluid improves. For the increasing values of θ_r, ϕ, and Nr, the temperature is increasing. In the future, the present model can be extended by using the hybrid nanofluid for the activation of thermal conductivity and heat enhancement analysis.
Evaluation of fabric liquid and moisture management properties at simulated skin and sweat temperatures using an advanced novel sweating simulator
Authors: Shahzad Amir , Jiang Shoukun , Kang Zhanxiao , Hong Yang , Fan Jintu
Published: August 2023

The moisture management performance of fabrics under profuse sweating (i.e. the ability to sweat absorb, spread, evaporate, drip, and dry) is crucial to the wearer’s comfort and performance, and should therefore be accurately and realistically tested for quality evaluation and product development. However, it is challenging to measure these properties simultaneously under realistic conditions using current evaluation techniques or testing standards. In this article an advanced version of the novel sweating simulator (NSS) is presented with which the skin temperature, sweat temperature, active body posture, and varying sweating rates can be simulated and multiple fabric moisture management properties including liquid sweat accumulation rate, multi-directional spreading rates, variations in downflow rates caused by increasing liquid accumulation, discharge rate, evaporation rate, drying rate, and drying time can be measured concurrently and in real-time during the simulated sweating and drying phases. The high accuracy and excellent reproducibility of NSS measurements were demonstrated through testing eight different kinds of commercial moisture management fabrics to show the potential applications of the NSS. It is believed that the novel sweating simulator, owing to its comprehensive testing capability, will play a key role in the development of next-generation moisture management fabrics for numerous apparel and technical applications.
Frequency of Adequate Sleep and Different Forms of Delinquency Across Adolescence: Evidence From Nationally Representative Samples of Youth
Authors: Block Kristina , Connolly Eric J.
Published: August 2023

An emerging body of research documents a relationship between sleep quantity and delinquency during adolescence. Absent from this line of research, however, is an evaluation of whether the associations between sleep duration and different forms of delinquency vary across periods of adolescence and sex. The current study aimed to address this gap in the body of literature by analyzing data from nationally representative samples of 8th, 10th, and 12th graders from the 2010 to 2019 Monitoring the Future (MTF) surveys. Multivariate regression models reveal that relations between getting less than 7 hours of sleep and violent and non-violent delinquent behavior vary across grade level. Specifically, associations between less sleep and forms of delinquency are stronger for males in grades 8 and 10 compared to males in grade 12 or females. Implications of the results for future research and policies designed to increase sleep quantity during adolescent development are discussed.
Tourists’ Online Information Search Behavior: Combined User-Generated and Marketer-Generated Content in Restaurant Decision Making
Authors: Uthaisar Songphon , Eves Anita , Wang Xuan Lorna
Published: August 2023

Tourist information search behavior is one of the most important aspects of risk reduction in the travel decision-making process. Understanding tourists’ behavior when searching for online information has been heavily weighted toward user-generated content (UGC), mainly employed deductive research approaches. This study examines the influence of both UGC and marketer-generated content (MGC) on tourists’ choice of restaurant, using eye-tracking technology to measure customers’ visual behavior combined with retrospective think-aloud interviews. Data was collected from 28 participants in a laboratory-based study. Video recordings of participants’ eye movements during the task aided participant recall in follow-up interviews. This study offers insights into the integrated investigation of the influence of UGC and MGC on tourists’ information search behavior. It validates and extends understanding of the roles of pictorial information, written information, and other factors, and newly clarifies the role of both positive and negative reviews in influencing restaurant selection from international tourists’ perspectives.
Beyond Policies and Procedures: Using the Syllabus Quiz to Predict How Well Students Will Perform in a College Course
Authors: Izienicki Hubert
Published: August 2023

Many instructors use a syllabus quiz to ensure that students learn and understand the content of the syllabus. In this project, I move beyond this exercise’s primary function and examine students’ syllabus quiz scores to see if they can predict how well students perform in the course overall. Using data from 495 students enrolled in 18 sections of an Introduction to Sociology course, I find that students who do not earn a maximum score on the syllabus quiz are more likely to receive a lower final course grade and are less likely to pass the course than their top-scoring counterparts. These findings allow instructors to identify struggling students as early as the first week of the semester and design interventions that will match up with students’ particular needs and strengths. Furthermore, this project demonstrates the pedagogical usefulness of the syllabus quiz beyond its initial purpose of testing students’ knowledge of course policies and procedures.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women’s Education in Argentina
Authors: De Luca Romina
Published: August 2023

Official information on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on girls’ and women’s schooling in Argentina has been scarce, but it is essential that we examine the difficulties experienced by girls and female adolescents in order to draw up policies to prevent a deepening of the educational gender gap. The available literature indicates that woman-headed and woman-supported households have a higher incidence of poverty, unemployment, and work overloads than others and less cultural capital for assisting in their children’s schooling. Obstacles connected with the pandemic appear to be linked to the lack of technical resources, the assumption of new caregiving or work tasks, and the absence of women from the crisis committees formed to deal with the pandemic.

La información oficial sobre el impacto de la pandemia del COVID-19 en la escolarización de las niñas y mujeres en Argentina ha sido escasa. Sin embargo, es fundamental que examinemos las dificultades que experimentan niñas y adolescentes para así elaborar políticas que eviten una profundización de la brecha educativa de género. La literatura disponible indica que los hogares encabezados o sostenidos por mujeres tienen una mayor incidencia de pobreza, desempleo y sobrecarga de trabajo que otros, así como menos capital cultural para asistir en la escolarización de los hijos. Los obstáculos relacionados con la pandemia parecen estar relacionados con la falta de recursos técnicos, el incremento de nuevas tareas de cuidado o trabajo, y la ausencia de mujeres en los comités de crisis formados para hacer frente a la pandemia.
Orientation and Mobility Competency Agreements From 1983 to 2019: A Comparative Analysis of Professional Standards
Authors: Penrod William M. , Burgin Ximena D. , Wiener William R. , Siffermann Eileen , Blasch Bruce
Published: August 2023

Introduction: In 1983, Mark Uslan, Everett (Butch) Hill and Alec Peck conducted research to identify the competencies essential to the practice of the orientation and mobility (O&M) profession. This study compares the levels of agreement to those standards by O&M professionals in 2019. Methods: In a 1983 study, Uslan et al. interviewed practitioners to determine the goal areas and competencies that underlie the profession. In 2019, an institutional review board approved this study to compare current practice competencies related to O&M with the competencies documented in the 1983 study. The survey methodology utilized the survey used by Uslan et al. to determine if current practitioners have similar levels of agreement with the competencies and if there have been shifts in the ranking of their importance. Results: Survey data are surprisingly similar between the 1983 and 2019 evaluation of competencies, with some changes in the relative importance of some categories. The results indicated the current relevance of the competencies for the O&M profession in the twenty-first century. Discussion: The evidence indicates that the professional standards reported in 1983 remain extant and viable in the twenty-first century. As the profession develops, it is important these standards be revisited periodically to ensure they reflect the core standards of the O&M profession. Implications for Practitioners: It is evident that professionals support all original competencies and those competencies remain viable. Universities should be certain that all competencies are being taught to meet the requirements for quality services.
Intramuscular Hemangioma of the Sternocleidomastoid: A Rare Tumor in an Unusual Location
Authors: Almousa Hisham M. , Albesher Meshal B. , Alsolami Afaf Lufayan , Al Mutairy Alyaa S.
Published: August 2023

Intramuscular hemangiomas (IMH) are benign vascular tumors of the skeletal muscles. These tumors are uncommon in the head and neck region and usually affect the trunk and extremities. IMH of the masseter and trapezius muscles have been reported in the head and neck region. However, the sternocleidomastoid is extremely rare. In the current case report, we described a 25-year-old man with a rare case of intramuscular hemangioma involving the sternocleidomastoid muscle and reviewed the relevant literature. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography was initially obtained and showed a slightly hyperdense soft tissue mass. Head and neck magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrate a well-delineated hyperintense lesion on the T2 sequence suggestive of a soft tissue hemangioma. Subsequently, angioembolization using onyx was performed, followed by surgical excision of the mass under general anesthesia. Histopathological examination of the mass showed vascular proliferation within the skeletal muscles, and fatty tissue with an abundance of capillaries, which are consistent with capillary type intramuscular hemangioma. The patient was followed up in the clinic until the wound healed. Three months after surgery, no recurrence was observed. Preoperative angioembolization contributed to the success of IMH surgery by reducing morbidity, facilitating complete excision, and decreasing the risk of recurrence.
Revelation 13:17 and Anti-Vaccination Culture
Authors: Cottrell-Boyce Aidan
Published: August 2023

The text of the thirteenth chapter of the book of Revelation has provided a template for the development of many radical, political identities over the course of many centuries. The text describes an idolatrous majority, beholden to the power of a tyrannical and pseudo-theocratic ruler. It also describes an embattled minority, who are given an ‘insight’ which allows them to resist the thrall of this ruler. In more recent times, these images have captured the imaginations of participants in conspiracy cultures. In particular, those who resist the use of vaccinations by public health authorities see prophetic significance in the concept of the ‘mark of the beast.’ For the entire history of the use of vaccination, anti-vaccination campaigners have seen prophetic significance in the topos of ‘the mark of the Beast.’ This article traces the themes which link the apocalyptic language used by anti-vaccination campaigners in the nineteenth century with the apocalyptic language used by anti-vaccination campaigners in the twenty-first.
Government Corruption and Corporate Social Responsibility: An Instrumental Perspective
Authors: Qian Cuili , Weng David H. , Lu Louise Yi , Jiang Xuejun
Published: August 2023

This study examines the relationship between government corruption and corporate social responsibility (CSR). While existing research in CSR has suggested that reduced moral incentive is a key reason for firms’ low CSR engagement in regions with high government corruption, we postulate that government corruption in the region where a firm is headquartered also decreases its instrumental motivation to engage in CSR. The instrumental value of CSR will significantly decrease due to the diminished returns, which come from decreased stakeholder reciprocation and increased risk of becoming a rent-seeking target of corrupt officials. We furthermore suggest that the negative effect of government corruption on CSR may change depending on the levels of firm political risk, financial performance, and firm sales to government, which alter the returns of CSR. The findings, based on a sample of publicly listed US firms and political corruption data from the US Department of Justice during the 2003 through 2013 period, support our arguments. Our study contributes to CSR literature by highlighting and testing the instrumental perspective to examine the influence of government corruption on CSR.
Scripts of Alterity: Mapping Assumptions and Limitations of the Border Security Apparatus through Classification Schemas
Authors: Pelizza Annalisa , Van Rossem Wouter Rudi
Published: August 2023

This article empirically maps and compares types of knowledge produced about people on the move by the European border security apparatus. Exploring two complementary analytical moments, the article addresses the stabilization of power and contingent practices within such apparatuses. We argue, first, that analyzing classification schemas implemented in data systems used within the European apparatus can reveal assumptions and limitations about people on the move—what we call “scripts of alterity.” Second, the comparative mapping of scripts of alterity reveals a de facto division of labor between scales of governance that would otherwise be invisible in policy. Utilizing the new Ontology Explorer software method as well as discursive analysis, we identify four scripts of alterity, which materialize relations in data systems and are thus relatively stabilized. Third, we identify as “de-inscriptions” forms of resistance specific to scripts of alterity. These can still be contested and we account for three contingent practices of de-inscription from scripts of alterity by conducting ethnographic observation of data systems’ use. Finally, we summarize three contributions that the “scripts of alterity” concept makes to the science and technology studies and to the critical security studies literature on the securitization of cross-border mobility.
Book review: Diana Dimitrova (Ed), Rethinking the Body in South Asian Traditions
Authors: Gandhi Nanjani
Published: August 2023

Diana Dimitrova (Ed), Rethinking the Body in South Asian Traditions (New Delhi: Routledge, 2021), xiv + 138 pp.
Book review: Abhinav Chandrachud, These Seats Are Reserved: Caste, Quotas and the Constitution of India
Authors: Telang Sangharsh
Published: August 2023

Abhinav Chandrachud, These Seats Are Reserved: Caste, Quotas and the Constitution of India (Gurugram: Penguin Viking, 2023), xviii + 247 pp.
The factors influencing information technology solutions evaluation: A case of a Nigerian Bank from actor-network theory perspective
Authors: Ibitomi Adediran , Iyamu Tiko
Published: August 2023

Although information technology (IT) solutions are deployed to enable organizational objectives, however, the solutions do at the same time constrain the operations, as was in the case of a Nigerian banking institution, ActionBank. Some of the attributes of the constraints arise because evaluation of the IT solutions is not regularly conducted. From both technical and non-technical perspectives, this study explores factors that influence the challenging constraints. Qualitative data, using semi-structured interview technique, were gathered from employees of both IT and business units of the bank. Actor-network theory was employed in the analysis. From the analysis, the factors that influence the deployment of IT solutions in the organization were found, which are Requirements; Alignment; Process-oriented; Random approach; Scalability and reliability; and Stock of knowledge. Figure 1 is used to illustrate the interaction and interdependence between these factors, as they influence the selection, deployment and evaluation of the IT solutions that are used to enable and support banking operations. The paper discusses how the factors manifest themselves to influence the selection and deployment of IT solutions in the organization. This brings a fresh perspective to both operational and strategic approaches in the use of IT solutions to enable and support banking goals and objectives.
A survey of information on adoption and continued use of agricultural technology innovations among smallholder crop farmers in Benue state Nigeria
Authors: Fidelugwuowo Ugonna B. , Omekwu Charles O.
Published: August 2023

This work aims at determining the factors that shape adoption and continued use of agricultural technology innovations by smallholder crop farmers in Benue State Nigeria. A structured interview schedule was used to collect relevant data. Method of analysis involves frequency counts and percentages. The result shows that factors relating to propensity to adopt are education, land size, access to credit, access to extension services and cost of innovation among others while the same factors apply for continued use of agricultural innovation except land size and gender. The extent of adoption of high yielding variety of crops, disease resistant varieties, and equipment for spraying, chemical fertilizer, pesticide, fungicide, insecticide and herbicide were very high. The extent of support on agricultural technology innovation was very poor. It is recommended that need assessment surveys be carried out before the introduction of agricultural technology innovation to guarantee adoption and continued use.
Development and validation of a graduated compression stockings adherence scale
Authors: Yang Wen-Tao , Ren Hua-Liang , Zheng Kai , Jin Zhen-Yi , Wen Jia-Hao , Wang Sheng-Xing , Zhang Wang-De , Li Chun-Min
Published: August 2023

Objective

Compression therapy with the use of graduated compression stockings (GCSs) is a common treatment strategy for chronic venous disease (CVD). However, there is no uniform and objective standard to assess adherence to the use of GCSs. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a GCS Compliance Scale (GCSAS) to fill gaps in internationally recognized comprehensive scales and provide a useful tool for future research.

Methods

The items included in the GCSAS were based on a review of the literature and open-ended interviews with experts, who screened the initial items using an item-level content validity index. Then, pilot tests were conducted three times with 50 participants. After exclusion of redundant and cross-loading items by exploratory factor analysis, 290 subjects were recruited to evaluate the reliability and validity of the proposed GCSAS. Analyses included internal consistency, test–retest reliability, split-half reliability, construct validity, criterion validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity.

Results

The final GCSAS consisted of 17 items and 5 dimensions. The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated that the variances of each factor explained were 22.03%, 14.85%, 14.74%, 14.16%, and 13.35%, and all 5 factors explained 79.13% of the variance among the 17 items. The factor loadings of all items were >0.7. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the indices were adequate. A significant positive correlation was found between the GCSAS and the Venous Insufficiency Epidemiological and Economic Study - Quality of Life questionnaire scores (r = 0.76, p < 0.001). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.90, test–retest reliability was 0.81, and split-half reliability was 0.92.

Conclusions

The GCSAS showed good validity and reliability to assess compliance with the use of GCSs among patients with CVD.
Development of a goal-directed movement intervention (GOAL) using a movement sensor for hospitalized patients: An intervention mapping approach
Authors: van Grootel JWM , Bor P , Veenhof C , Valkenet K
Published: August 2023

Objective

To describe the development of a goal-directed movement intervention in two medical wards, including recommendations for implementation and evaluation.

Design

Implementation Research.

Setting

Pulmonology and nephrology/gastroenterology wards of the University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Participants

Seven focus groups were executed including 28 nurses, 7 physical therapists and 15 medical specialists. Patients’ perceptions were repeatedly assessed during the iterative steps of the intervention development.

Intervention

Interventions were targeted to each ward's specific character, following an Intervention Mapping approach using literature and research meetings. Main measures: Intervention components were linked to Behavior Change Techniques and implementation strategies will be selected using the Expert Recommendation Implementing Change tool. Evaluation outcomes like number of patients using the movement intervention will be measured, based on the taxonomy of Proctor.

Results

The developed intervention consists of: insight in patients movement behavior (monitoring & feedback), goal setting (goals & planning) and adjustments to the environment (associations & antecedents). The following implementation strategies are recommended: to conduct educational meetings, prepare & identify champions and audit & provide feedback. To measure service and client outcomes, the mean level of physical activity per ward can be evaluated and the Net Promoter Score can be used.

Conclusion(s)

This study shows the development of a goal-directed movement intervention aligned with the needs of healthcare professionals. This resulted in an intervention consisting of feedback & monitoring of movement behavior, goal setting and adjustments in the environment. Using a step-by-step iterative implementation model to guide development and implementation is recommended.
Do American Critic Reviews Affect Film Consumption Abroad? The Brazilian Case
Authors: Nishijima Marislei , Souza Thais Luiza Donega
Published: August 2023

The Brazilian film market consists mainly of American films; most of these films are released after their release in the United States, while a few are released before or simultaneously. The recent rapid developments in information and communication technology (ICT) changed film-showing technology to a digital model, improving the possibility of simultaneous worldwide releases. ICT evolution also allowed Brazilian moviegoers to access American critic reviews in real time. We explore this scenario to study whether American critic reviews influence film consumption at theaters in Brazil. We employ regression analysis using data from 1,600 films exhibited in the country between 2007 and 2018 collected from Box Office Mojo and Rotten Tomatoes websites. Controlling for endogeneity problems, we documented a prediction effect of expert reviews on gapped film releases but not an influence effect on simultaneous releases, which correspond to the wide film releases in the United States.
Non-contrast computed tomography findings for identification of chronically occluded coronary artery bypass grafts
Authors: Chamberlin Jordan H , Smith Carter D , Van Swol Elizabeth , Maisuria Dhruw , Baruah Dhiraj , Schoepf Uwe Joseph , Burt Jeremy R , Kabakus Ismail M
Published: August 2023

Background

Detecting occlusions of coronary artery bypass grafts using non-contrast computed tomography (CT) series is understudied and underestimated.

Purpose

To evaluate morphological findings for the diagnosis of chronic coronary artery bypass graft occlusion on non-contrast CT and investigate performance statistics for potential use cases.

Material and Methods

Seventy-three patients with coronary artery bypass grafts who had CT angiography of the chest (non-contrast and arterial phases) were retrospectively included. Two readers applied pre-set morphologic findings to assess the patency of a bypass graft on non-contrast series. These findings included vessel shape (linear-band like), collapsed lumen and surgical graft marker without a visible vessel. Performance was tested using the simultaneously acquired arterial phase series as the ground truth.

Results

The per-patient diagnostic accuracy for occlusion was 0.890 (95% confidence interval = 0.795–0.951). Venous grafts overall had an 88% accuracy. None of the left internal mammary artery to left anterior descending artery arterial graft occlusions were detected. The negative likelihood ratio for an occluded graft that is truly patent was 0.121, demonstrating a true post-test probability of 97% for identifying a patent graft as truly patent given a prevalence of 20% occlusion at a median 8.4 years post-surgery. Neither years post-surgery, nor number of vessels was associated with a significant decrease in reader accuracy.

Conclusion

Evaluation of coronary bypass grafts for chronic occlusion on non-contrast CT based off vessel morphology is feasible and accurate for venous grafts. Potential use cases include low-intermediate risk patients with chest pain or shortness of breath for whom non-contrast CT was ordered, or administration of iodine-based contrast is contraindicated.
Agreement between distal and forearm radial arterial pressures in patients undergoing prone spinal surgery: a prospective, self-controlled, observational study
Authors: Xiong Jingwei , Xu Miaomiao , Hui Kangli , Zhou Jiejie , Zhang Jie , Duan Manlin , Zhang Lidong
Published: August 2023

Objective

To test agreement and interchangeability between distal (dRA) and forearm radial arterial (RA) pressures (AP) during general anesthesia (GA) for prone spinal surgery.

Methods

This prospective observational study involved 40 patients scheduled for GA spinal surgery. The right dRA and left forearm RA were cannulated in all patients to continuously measure invasive blood pressures (IBP). We compared the agreement and trending ability of systolic AP (SAP), diastolic AP (DAP), and mean AP (MAP) at each site 15 minutes after tracheal intubation, start of surgery, 30 and 60 minutes after the start of surgery, and after skin suturing.

Results

Paired BP values (n = 184) (37 cases) were analyzed. The bias (standard deviation), limits of agreement, and percentage error were: SAP: 0.19 (3.03), −5.75 to 6.12, and 5.04%; DAP: −0.06 (1.75), −3.50 to 3.38, and 5.10%; and MAP: 0.08 (1.52), −2.90 to 3.05, and 3.54%, respectively. The linear regression coefficients of determination were 0.981, 0.982, and 0.988 for SAPs, DAPs, and MAPs, respectively; four-quadrant plot concordance rates were 95.11%, 92.03%, and 92.66%, respectively.

Conclusion

All arterial BPs showed good agreement and trending capabilities for both the dRA and RA. The dRA may be substituted for the RA in IBP monitoring.
Identifying the optimal cutoff point of Ki-67 in breast cancer: a single-center experience
Authors: Li Wang , Lu Ning , Chen Caiping , Lu Xiang
Published: August 2023

Objective

Ki-67 is associated with breast cancer subtypes, but the optimal cutoff point of Ki-67 has not been established in our center. We evaluated the cutoff point of Ki-67 in breast cancer and analyzed the associations among Ki-67, clinicopathological features, and prognosis.

Methods

The clinicopathological data and prognostic information of patients with breast cancer treated in our center were retrospectively collected, and the optimal cutoff point of Ki-67 was determined by univariate and multivariate survival risk analyses. The cutoff point was used to group the patients, and the differences in the clinicopathological features and prognosis were analyzed between the two groups.

Results

In total, 609 patients with estrogen receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative primary breast cancer were enrolled. The mean Ki-67 value was 22.3% ± 15.4%, the median was 20%, and a cutoff point of 30% was an independent factor influencing recurrence-free survival. When 30% was used as the cutoff point, patients with a Ki-67 value of ≤30% had a better prognosis and lower tumor malignancy.

Conclusion

The optimal cutoff point of Ki-67 in breast cancer in our center is 30%.