bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SENSE OF SATISFACTION WITH LIFE VERSUS DIETARY CHOICES OF FEMALE FITNESS INSTRUCTORS FROM FITNESS CLUBS IN KRAKOW
Authors: Gacek Maria , Popek Adam
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Life satisfaction is one of important personal resources that promote health-related behaviors and health improvement.
Aim of the work. The aim of the work was to analyze relations between the sense of satisfaction with life and the frequency of consuming selected products in the group of young women who work as fitness instructors.
Material and methods. The study involved 200 women aged 20-32 (25.0±3.4) working as fitness instructors in Krakow fitness clubs. The tools used in the study were an original questionnaire to measure the frequency of group products consumption and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) by Diener et al. The results were analyzed with the use of U Mann-Whitney test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients in a statistical package PQStat ver. 1.6.
Results. Statistical analysis showed that as the sense of satisfaction with life in young women increased, the frequency of consuming raw vegetable oils and/or nuts also grew (p<0.05). The comparison of mean frequency of consuming food products depending on the level of satisfaction with life (low vs high in the SWLS scale) showed that women with high levels of satisfaction more often ate saltwater fish (p<0.05) as well as oils and/or nuts (p<0.001) than did women with low satisfaction levels.
Conclusions. The study proved the predictive role of satisfaction with life with regard to quality aspects of diet of female fitness instructors. Women with higher levels of this personal resource tend to display more rational dietary choices.
CHARACTERISTICS OF FOOT ARCHES AND FOOT PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION IN 10-11-YEAR-OLD MALE SOCCER PLAYERS
Authors: Mikołajczyk Edyta , Jankowicz-Szymańska Agnieszka , Smoła Eliza
Published: April 2021

Aim. The aim of the study was to compare the longitudinal arch of the foot and foot pressure distribution (FPD) parameters in young male soccer players and controls.
Methods. A group of 50 soccer players and 50 non-training controls participated in the project. Their height and weight were measured, and body fat percentage (BFP) and BMI calculated. The height of foot arches and FPD were examined.
Results. Participants did not differ with age, height or BMI. However, soccer players were significantly lighter and had smaller BFP. The mean Arch Index (AI) was similar in both groups but more soccer players had very high foot arches whereas more controls a low longitudinal arch of the foot. Normal arches prevailed in controls. The AI became greater with the increase of BMI, both in soccer players and in controls. FPD was greater in controls on the head of the first metatarsal bone, whereas in soccer players on the head of the fifth metatarsal bone. A significantly greater FPD on the medial heel was found in both groups as compared to the lateral heel pressure, which was greater in controls.
Conclusions. Regular soccer training changed FPD but affected the longitudinal arch of the foot less distinctly. Soccer training cannot be treated as an element supporting the process of proper foot formation in children.
Loneliness experienced by children in psychological offices in psychotherapists’ accounts
Authors: Hübscher Kornelia
Published: April 2021

The aim of this paper is to show the importance of psychological institutions in the life
of the modern family in the context of loneliness experienced by children in the family.
This institution not only constitutes real physical space but also, in a metaphorical sense,
it reflects the functioning of the family and the relations between its particular members.
In the course of analysis and interpretation of the research data, we have identified four
categories of loneliness: physical loneliness, loneliness resulting from a child’s negation
of reality, loneliness resulting from a child being ignored and loneliness resulting from
a lack of support in experiencing emotions by a child.
Influence of the use of slow-release phosphate fertilizers on the growth and production of chili peppers
Authors: Alves  Macedo Leandro , de  Oliveira  Ferreira Brendo , Cabral  França André , Tadin  Sardinha Levy , Flávia Leão Ana , Lopes de Oliveira Letícia
Published: April 2021

In general, fertilization recommendations for pepper are old and scarce. Because pepper is a semi-perennial crop with high yield potential and dependence on phosphorus (P), an extremely important element, as it participates in several metabolic processes, it is necessary to look for efficient alternatives for phosphatefertilization, due to its low availability and high adsorption capacity in most Brazilian soils. Slow-release fertilizers have been shown to be an excellent alternative to conventional mineral fertilization. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different sources of P on growth and yield of hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). An experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in the JK campus of UFVJM, Diamantina -MG, Brazil, arranged in a completely randomized design with eleven treataments(absence of fertilization, mineral treatment, organic treatment and four slow-release phosphate sources: pelleted organomineral, granulated organomineral, MAP coated and triple formulated, at doses of 150 and 300 kg ha-1 of P2O5). Growth variables, fresh and dry matter accumulation and yield were evaluated 180 days after planting. The pelleted and granulated organomineral treatments at the dose of 300 kg ha-1 of P2O5,promoted the best results for the parameters dry mass of root, number of fruits per plant, fresh and dry mass of fruits and total yield. Such results can be explained by the better efficiency of P release and the better absorptionof this nutrient by the plant, making it an excellent option in relation to conventional sources commonly adopted.
HABILIDADES SOCIAIS E SAÚDE MENTAL: UM ESTUDO BIBLIOMÉTRICO DA PRODUÇÃO BRASILEIRA
Authors: Pinheiro-Carozzo Nádia Prazeres , Rossi Jaqueline da Cruz , Sá Gisele Silva
Published: April 2021

Um repertório elaborado de habilidades sociais (HS) favorece as relaçõesinterpessoais de pacientes psiquiátricos, prevenindo recaídas e reinternações. Por outro lado, o déficit em HS pode constituir sintomas, efeito ou fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de quadro psicopatológico. Este estudo realiza uma análise bibliométrica da produção acadêmica brasileira que relaciona habilidades sociais e saúde mental. Após a análise de 66 estudos, indica-se que a maioria foi publicada em forma de artigos científicos de dupla autoria, com concentração da produção entre os anos de 2009 e 2014, decorrente de pesquisas realizadas em instituições públicas localizadas no eixo Sul/Sudeste do Brasil. Percebe-se, ainda, maior frequência de estudos de correlação entre HS e sintomas de transtornos psiquiátricos, com amostra universitária e grupos clínicos e com o uso do Inventário de Habilidades Sociais (IHS) Del Prette.
A LETRA E A VIDA: DESCOMPASSOS ENTRE COTIDIANO E BUROCRACIA NAS POLÍTICAS PARA A POPULAÇÃO DE RUA
Authors: Nobre Maria Teresa , Barreira Irlys Alencar Firmo
Published: April 2021

O artigo aborda a população de rua como caso emblemático para discutir a relação entre cotidiano e burocracia, apresentando as tensões entre os modos de vida e o funcionamento institucional das políticas públicas a ela destinadas, em duas capitais do Nordeste brasileiro. A partir de narrativas de pessoas em situação de rua, registros de observação participante/itinerante e entrevistas com trabalhadores, problematiza a distância entre a letra (a burocracia) e a vida (o cotidiano), e a relação entre tempos e espaços regulamentados, evidenciando como, fora dos muros institucionais, a vida cotidiana é praticada na sua singularidade, porém excluída do direito àcidade. Nesse contexto, a cidade é pensada como polis, concluindo-se que os desafios da rua são os desafios da cidade: agregar histórias e dar suporte às diferenças.
Preparation and Properties of Opaque Polyethylene Terephthalate/TiO2 Filaments
Authors: LIU Zhaolin , YANG Yang , WANG Yuwen , GAN Xuehui , WANG Ni
Published: April 2021

The opaque polyethylene terephthalate (PET) filaments with different mass fractions of TiO2 particles were prepared by low-speed melt spinning and drafting. Basic structures including surface morphology, linear density, orientation degree and crystallinity, and properties including tensile and optical property of the PET/TiO2 filaments were systematically analyzed, especially the visual shielding property. The results showed that TiO2 particles were well-distributed on the filament surface without obvious aggregation, except when the mass fraction of TiO2 exceeded 6%. The addition of TiO2 increased the linear density of the PET filaments. The orientation degree of the filaments was positively correlated with the drafting ratio but hardly influenced by the mass fraction of TiO2. The crystallinity achieved the maximum when the mass fraction of TiO2 was 3% and then decreased gradually. The tenacity of the filaments reduced and the elongation at break enhanced initially and then decreased with the increasing TiO2 content. The opaque effect of the PET filaments improved significantly when the mass fraction of TiO2 was less than 6%, whereas the improvement of the opaque effect slowed down as the mass fraction of TiO2 increased further.
High Nanopore Volume Tetrethoxysilane Based Aerogels Prepared with Addition of N, N-Dimethylformamide at Different Stage of the Sol-Gel Process
Authors: LEI Chaoshuai , ZHANG Enshuang , HUANG Hongyan , JI Xuyang , HE Lijuan , LI Wenjing , YANG Jieying , ZHAO Yingmin , ZHANG Hao
Published: April 2021

Using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as a precursor, silica aerogels were synthesized via the sol-gel polymerization followed by supercritical drying process. During the polymerization period, N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), acting as a chemical additive for the structure control, was introduced in the hydrolysis step and condensation step, respectively. As a result, the nanopore volumes for the pores smaller than 100 nm were up to 6.0 cm3/g and 5.7 cm3/g for the samples that produced with DMF addition in the hydrolysis step and condensation step, while the value for the sample without DMF was only 4.6 cm3/g. Besides, the sample with DMF addition in the condensation step possessed more uniform pore size distribution while compared with that with DMF addition in the hydrolysis step. DMF can provide a shielding layer around the colloid particles through hydrogen bonds, inhibiting the aggregation of colloid particles and the enlarging of pore sizes.
Water Safety for Human Health: Detection of Pollutants by Blue-Emission Carbon Quantum Dots via Three Modes in Different Polluted Water Bodies
Authors: DAI Shujuan , HAO Xiaoliang , FANG Zhigang , GUO Jing , TENG Yingxue
Published: April 2021

Water quality directly affects human health. It is very important to design a probe that can detect the pollutants in water. In this study, we synthesized one kind of carbon dots (CDs), which could emit strong blue fluorescence. The blue fluorescence could be quenched by 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) ascribed to the energy transfer (ET), could be quenched by lemon yellow (LY) ascribed to inner filter effect (IFE), and could be quenched by HClO ascribed to surface passivation (SP). TNP, LY, and HClO are common contaminants in water. By our experiment, it was proved that the synthesized CDs are a safe and effective fluorescent material and could be used to detect the pollutants (TNP, LY, and HClO) in the actual water sample.
High-Temperature Oxidation Performance of 4Cr4Mo2NiMnSiV Hot Die Steel
Authors: HAN Renheng , LI Ning , BAO Ziming , HU Xinjian , ZHANG Hexin , ZHAO Chengzhi
Published: April 2021

A new type of hot working die steel was designed by using JMatPro, and high-temperature oxidation tests were carried out in the ambient atmosphere at 600 ℃ and 700 ℃. The heat treatment process and oxidation mechanism of the designed 4Cr4Mo2NiMnSiV steel were studied in detail. XRD, SEM and EDS were used to analyze the crystallographic phases, surface and cross-section morphologies of the oxide films. The results show that the main phases in the 4Cr4Mo2NiMnSiV steel were γ and α + δ. During the high-temperature oxidation, oxidation of the Fe outer layer and Cr inner layer occurred. After oxidation at 600℃, the surface oxidation layer comprised a monolayer with an uneven morphology. The surface oxide film had two layers after oxidation at 700℃. The outer oxide layer mainly contained Fe2O3 and Fe3O4, while the inner oxide layer mainly contained Cr2O3. The microstructure was relatively regular and had a significant effect on the protection of the metallic matrix. When oxidized, the 4Cr4Mo2NiMnSiV alloy steel easily formed protective layers, such as Cr2O3 and SiO2, so that the test steel had excellent oxidation resistance at high temperatures.
Synthesis and Characterization of Fe3O4@SiO2@mesoporous-SiO2 Materials
Authors: LI Shuiping
Published: April 2021

In this work, a magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2@mesoporous-SiO2 (F@S@m-S) material was successfully prepared by a three-step method: firstly, Fe3O4 particles were synthesized through hydro-thermal synthesis process; secondly, Fe3O4@SiO2 materials were fabricated via a template method using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as silicon sources and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) as templates; lastly, F@S@m-S materials were prepared through a template method as well. The influence of TEOS/CTAC molar ratio on the morphology and mesostructure was investigated. The product was characterized by Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and N2 adsorption-desorption. The results demonstrated that F@S@m-S materials have a well spherical morphology and a typical mesostructure. The increase of TEOS/CTAC molar ratio can improve the mesostructure and crystal form of F@S@m-S materials. The average particle size, specific surface area, average pore size and pore volume of F@S@m-S-4.78 materials are 130 nm, 77.1 m2/g, 9.2 nm and 0.1668 cm2/g, respectively.
Fabrication of the Fe/PZT Functionally Graded Material and its Application on the Thermal Match for Transducers
Authors: YU Jiangong , WANG Zuotong , ZHANG Bo , ZHANG Xiaoming , LI Mo
Published: April 2021

To solve the debonding and fracture problems caused by the different thermal expansion coefficients of the transducer element and the measured object, a new method combined with the powder lamination, pressureless infiltration and hot pressing sintering is proposed to prepare Fe/PZT functionally graded material as the matching layer of transducers. The microstructure and element distribution of the functionally graded layer are analyzed by the SEM and EDS. The results show that the volume fraction and elements of the functionally graded layer after the pressureless infiltration at 1100 °C and the hot pressing at 800 °C are linearly and continuously distributed along the thickness direction. The thermal cycle contrast test shows the well matching performance of the functionally graded disk as the transducer matching layer from room temperature to 180 °C. Finally, Lamb wave propagation experiment at the 180 °C shows that the functionally graded matching layer can be used effectively.
Tunisian Fintech: An Ecosystem under Construction - Can COVID 19 be the Fuel to Ignite the Construction of Tunisian Fintech?
Authors: Zone Salma
Published: April 2021

Fintech leads the most powerful technology and finance in the industry. Appearing recently in the newspapers, this term describes the disruptive challenge in the financial sectors. Fintech has primarily emerged in the world, and then Europe followed the lead before it starts in Tunisia. Although Fintech attracts the customers through the innovation and the technology, it worries users because of the absence of the intermediaries. Fintechs create metamorphosis in the financial field of digital disruption and really shake up the reserved world of banking services, savings, means of payment, and financing. The main idea of this chapter is to describe the Fintech ecosystem in Tunisia. It is about situating the concepts around Fintech by studying the reasons for its emergence and its business segments. Then, the analysis provides the elements of the Tunisian ecosystem of Fintech, the issues, and the challenges. This chapter aims to capture the essence of this phenomenon by discussing the challenges for both Fintech startups and traditional financial.
Pain Management in Older Persons
Authors: Yvonne Buowari Dabota
Published: April 2021

Pain is a common symptom in the elderly and it is problematic and distressful especially if the polder person is dependent on a caregiver. Pain keeps the sufferer uncomfortable and can affect the person from carrying out daily activities and tasks especially activities of daily living. Pain in the older person may be acute or chronic. Some of the causes of pain in the elderly are neuralgia, musculoskeletal dysfunction especially osteoarthritis, emotional and mental problems, cancer and several other causes. The assessment of pain in the elderly is done using validated pain assessment tools such as the visual analogue scale, verbal rating scales, numeric rating scales, McGill pain assessment questionnaire, pain attitudes, brief pain inventory, and geriatric pain measure. Management of pain in older persons involves non-pharmacological and pharmacological methods. There are some barriers and challenges of pain management in the elderly and also consequences when pain is not properly managed or not managed at all in an older person.
Twin Pregnancies Labour Modus and Timing
Authors: Tsikouras Panagiotis , Chalkidou Anna , Bothou Anastasia , Gerede Angeliki , Anthoulaki Xanthoula , Michalopoulos Spyridon , Tsirkas Ioannis , Gaitatzi Fotini , Babageorgaka Irene , Lazarou Apostolos , Sachnova Natalia , Koutsogiannis Michael , Nikolettos Konstantinos , Nalbanti Theopi , Demosthenous Eythimios , Dragoutsos Georgios , Apostolou Ifigenia , Alexiou Alexios , Petsidis Panagiotis , Zervoudis Stefanos , Iatrakis George , Rath Werner , Galazios George , Nikolettos Nikolaos
Published: April 2021

Twin pregnancies are categorized according to three factors, zygosity, chorionicity and amnionicity. Dizygotic twins are always dichorionic and diamniotic, where each twin has its own chorionic and amniotic sac. Monozygotic twins account for 1/3 of twin pregnancies and show higher morbidity and mortality. In monozygotic twins, chorionicity and amnionicity are determined by the time of zygote division. Chorionicity and amnionicity determine the risks of twin pregnancy. Morbitidies are shown notable decreasing tendency depending on improving of high risk obstetric and neonatal care, however is still discussed the optimum labour management in twin pregnancies Vaginal delivery in twin pregnancies is possible when both have cephalic presentation and in the late weeks of pregnancy during which the risks of prematurity are minimized. The aim of this review was the assessment and evaluation the impact of the labour modus and timing of termination of twin pregnancies due to rise of their occurrence based on scientific aspects of the new published literature on perinatal outcome.
QoS Control in Remote Robot Operation with Force Feedback
Authors: Huang Pingguo , Ishibashi Yutaka
Published: April 2021

Recently, many researchers focus on studies of remote robot operation with force feedback. By using force feedback, since users can touch remote objects and feel the shape, weight, and softness of each object, the efficiency and accuracy of operation can be largely improved. However, when the haptic information such as force and/or position information is transmitted over a QoS (Quality of Service) non-guaranteed network like the Internet, QoE (Quality of Experience) and stability may seriously deteriorate. Therefore, it is important to carry out QoS control and stabilization control together to solve the problems. In this chapter, we mainly focus on QoS control. We also introduce our remote robot system with force feedback which we constructed to study QoS control and stabilization control by experiment. In the system, a user operates a remote industrial robot with a force sensor by using a local haptic interface device while monitoring the robot operation by a video camera. We handle two types of operation; operation with a single remote robot system and that between two remote robot systems. We explain several types of QoS control which we have proposed so far for remote robot operation with force feedback. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions of QoS control in remote robot operation with force feedback.
Concussion and Balance in Sports
Authors: Felipe Lilian
Published: April 2021

Balance, spatial orientation and stable vision are imperative factors for sports or any other physical activity. It is achieved and maintained by a complex integration set of sensorimotor control systems that include sensory input from vision, proprioception or somatosensory and the vestibular system. A Sport-Related Concussion (SRC) is an individualized injury that presents a range of clinical signs and symptoms (cognitive, physical, emotional, somatic, and sleep-related). For this reason, SPR is a meaningful public health issue that involves a multidisciplinary team to properly manage it. In the sports medicine filed, Sports-Related Concussion assessment and management has become an argumentative issue. Presently, the consensus includes a combination of subjective examination, combined by multifactorial evaluation batteries that allowed to verify several components of brain function. Athletes frequently complain of dizziness and imbalance subsequent a concussion, and these symptoms can expect increased period to recover and return to play. Balance assessment is an important component of the concussion evaluation, as it can contribute with an awareness about the function of the sensorimotor systems.
The Use of Omalizumab in Chronic Urticaria: Available Data and Future Aspects of Anti-IgE Treatment
Authors: Ye Young-Min
Published: April 2021

Chronic urticaria (CU) defined as repeatedly occurred itchy wheals and/or angioedema for at least 6 weeks. Due to the unpredictability, recurrent and disabling symptoms, and a considerably impaired quality of life, effective and tolerable treatment for CU patients is crucial. Almost a half of patients with CU are refractory to H1-antihistamines, even though the dose of antihistamines is increased up to 4-fold. Recently treatment modulating IgE levels and activities provides an efficient therapeutic approach. Omalizumab, the only approved anti-IgE treatment for chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) patients until now, with a strong evidence of the efficacy and safety, opened a new horizon in the care of the patients whose urticaria is not controlled with antihistamines. Recent international guidelines recommend omalizumab as the first choice of treatment for antihistamine-refractory CSU. However, as it is not curative neither disease-modifying agent, there is a subpopulation of CSU patients responding partly or never to omalizumab. The other things to be solved in the treatment of CU is that clinical evidence is still limited on chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU) and special populations. Thus, a new anti-IgE treatment, ligelizumab is actively evaluated in the efficacy compared with both placebo and omalizumab. Further understandings on the pathogenesis of CU can lead to the development of new mechanism-based therapeutics for CU patients.
Cidades verdes: uma análise do Plano Diretor de Arborização Urbana do município de Salvador (BA)
Authors: Nascimento Marcos Paulo Sales do , Moura Geraldo Jorge Barbosa de , Oliveira André Augusto Araújo , Piber Ronaldo Souza
Published: April 2021

O ato de arborizar as cidades é primordial para a dinâmica nas zonas urbanas, seja do ponto de vista funcional, da biodiversidade ou do impacto na qualidade de vida das populações. Como descrito pela ciência, o ato de arborizar zonas urbanas resulta em uma série de benefícios: conforto climático e ambiental, recuperação da fauna e flora locais, melhoria do impacto visual e paisagístico ou mesmo para regular o microclima urbano. Este estudo teve como objetivos analisar os desafios, perspectivas e possibilidades da arborização urbana no município de Salvador (BA), a partir da aprovação do Plano Diretor de Arborização Urbana (PDAU). As etapas metodológicas consistiram em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, que incluíram a análise do PDAU, implementado pela Lei nº 9.187/2017, e levantamento de dados em fontes de pesquisa secundárias como leis, artigos, periódicos e relatórios. De acordo com levantamentos realizados em dados do IBGE, observamos que o município de Salvador ocupa um dos últimos índices de arborização urbana entre as capitais do Nordeste, perdendo apenas para o município de São Luís (MA). A partir da homologação e implementação do PDAU como instrumento legal, concluímos que a sua implantação é essencial para uma melhor gestão municipal, que deve orientar, a partir de critérios técnicos estabelecidos, o planejamento das áreas verdes do município, além de oferecer melhor qualidade de vida para a população e favorecer a manutenção da biodiversidade local.
Construção sustentável: uma reflexão necessária
Authors: Sivirino Kelvia Justa , Fischer Yuri Prado , Linke Paula Piva
Published: April 2021

O processo de urbanização causa grandes transformações na natureza, assim como outras atividades. Em se tratando da urbanização, precisamos pensar muito além do processo de gestão da cidade que envolve a questão da qualidade da água, ar e solo. É necessário promover a sustentabilidade de forma mais ampla, podemos então promovê-la também por meio das habitações. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma reflexão acerca da necessidade de habitações sustentáveis como uma forma de promover o cuidado com o meio ambiente. A metodologia empregada para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa foi a abordagem qualitativa realizada por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Em se tratando dos resultados devemos considerar que as habitações sustentáveis, apesar de apresentar maior custo no processo de construção, trazem benefícios como possibilidade de geração de energia por placas solares, aproveitamento de água, compostagem de resíduos, etc. Ou seja, os ganhos com esse tipo de habitação se estendem ao meio ambiente, pois representam uma economia de recursos naturais, assim como o desenvolvimento de uma cidade mais sustentável. No atual momento em que nos encontramos em uma crise ambiental, apenas as mudanças nos processos produtivos não são suficientes para promover a sustentabilidade.
Qualitative study of a third order rational system of difference equations
Authors: Gümüş Mehmet , Abo-Zeid Raafat
Published: April 2021

This paper is concerned with the dynamics of positive solutions for a system of rational difference equations of the following form un+1 = au2 n-1 b + gvn-2 , vn+1 = a1v 2 n-1 b1 + g1un-2 , n = 0, 1, . . . , where the parameters a, b, g, a1, b1, g1 and the initial values u-i, v-i ∈ (0, ∞), i = 0, 1, 2. Moreover, the rate of convergence of a solution that converges to the zero equilibrium of the system is discussed. Finally, some numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the results obtained.
General voting: Equality or privilege
Authors: Manolov Georgi
Published: April 2021

This article looks at the role and place of General Voting as a key ingredient for the democratic political process. This right is interpreted as a part of the very essence of equality in general and as a basic foundation of political democracy in particular. In this context, there is the issue about privileges in politics, which regardless of their regulation are becoming increasingly established as a legal barrier to the realization of complete political equality. Some proposals have been also made to limit political privileges in the democratic state.
Possibilities for overcoming Covid-19: Sociological analysis
Authors: Kineva Todorka
Published: April 2021

Government's anti-crisis measures are presented as a possibility to regulate and manage the Bulgarian economy and society during the Covid-19 crisis. The effects of their implementation to assist and support Bulgarian employers and unemployed people to handle the crisis are disclosed through empirical methods.
Full-scale Performance of the SES Motion Control System
Authors: Auestad Øyvind F. , McFann J. William , Gravdahl Jan T.
Published: April 2021

The pressurized air cushion on a Surface Effect Ship (SES) can lift up to 80% of total vessel mass. The SES Motion Control System (SES-MCS) controls the vent valves which again controls the air cushion pressure, assuming lift fan air flow is pressurizing the air cushion. By controlling the air cushion pressure one can significantly counteract vertical sea wave disturbances, ensure high passenger comfort and reduce sea-sickness. The case studied in this work is the Umoe Mandal Wave Craft prototype, ’Umoe Ventus’, which is a high-speed offshore wind-farm service vessel specially designed for control in the vertical plane. The SES-MCS can adjust the draft from 1m to 3.2m in less time than the wave period. The SES-MCS can reduce motions significantly in order to perform Operation and Maintenance (O&M) in high seas. The craft is the fastest wind-farm service vessel of its size with high comfort in all relevant sea states. The performance of the SES-MCS is demonstrated through full-scale sea trials.
Transom Flow Elevations in the Partially Ventilated Condition
Authors: Royce Richard A. , Doherty Patrick J.
Published: April 2021

Predicting separation from a transom stern presents a problem for potential flow calculations. As the vessel speed increases, the transom flow elevation progressively deviates from the static condition. In the absence of viscosity, potential theory is not able to adequately capture this process. Without a priori information regarding the transom flow elevation, potential flow calculations either under or over-predict the resistance. The under-prediction results from placement of the wake sheet at the static condition waterline, and over-prediction results from placement of the wake sheet at the transom/keel intersection (the fully ventilated condition).

This paper expands the investigation of transom flow elevations by experimentally measuring the deflection of the flow from the static condition for five different transom configurations ranging from round bilge to deep-vee sections. The models use a common forebody of the vessel. The models were effectively fixed in sinkage and trim. High definition video was used to capture the flow elevations for a range of speeds. This paper presents the findings in terms of the transom Froude number and ventilation factors, and makes comparisons to prior empirical equations. Model data is also provided.
Development and Evaluation of Hull-form Stochastic Optimization Methods for Resistance and Operability
Authors: Diez Matteo , Campana Emilio F. , Stern Frederick
Published: April 2021

Hull-form stochastic optimization methods are developed and evaluated for resistance reduction and operability increase, addressing stochastic sea state and operations. The cost/benefit analysis of the design-optimization procedure is presented, by comparison of four hierarchical problems, from stochastic most general to deterministic least general. The parent hull is a 100 m Delft catamaran, with geometrical constraints for maximum variation of length, beam, draft and displacement. Problem 1 is used as a benchmark for the evaluation of the other problems. It is as a multi-objective stochastic optimization for resistance and operability, considering stochastic sea state and speed, but limited to head waves. Problem 2 is a multi-objective stochastic optimization for resistance and motions at fixed sea state and speed. Problem 3 is a multi-objective deterministic optimization for resistance and motions using a single regular wave at fixed speed. Problem 4 is a single-objective deterministic optimization for calm-water resistance at fixed speed. The design optimization is based on hull modifications by the Karhunen-Loève expansion of a free-form deformation space, URANS simulations, regular wave approximations for irregular wave, metamodels and multi-objective particle swarm. The design optimization achieves an 8.7, 23, 53, and 10% average improvement for problems 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Comparing to problem 1, problem 2, 3, 4 optimized designs have average performances 1, 2.1 and 1.7% worse, respectively. The most efficient problem, from computational cost/benefit analysis, is problem 3. Nevertheless, problem 1 is needed in order to evaluate and compare the stochastic performance of the design, and assess the optimization cost/benefit.
Transonic Hull: Theory, Validation, Breakthroughs and Applications to Ships
Authors: Calderon Alberto A. , Maskew Brian
Published: April 2021

Froude laws are inductive therefore not universally applicable. The relation between Froude and Kelvin, and Froude and Wigley are made explicit. Transonic Hull (TH) has hydrodynamic characteristics not predictable by Froude’s laws. In Transonic Hydrofield (THF) Theory TH’s 3-D triangular shape induces a submerged current - subduction effect - that replaces and substantially precludes bow wave, reducing or eliminating wave making drag growth. TH’s ability to transverse waves without diminishing their energy eliminates slam. TH’s unprecedented breakthroughs with large magnitude are: substantially no bow or stern wave; full displacement regime and near zero pitch independent of speed; linear drag-speed function with greatly reduced wave making (residual) drag; accelerations in a sea that decrease with increasing speed; no slam at any speed and sea conditions. CFD studies of TH-900 vs. Fastship and TH-4022 vs. Axe Bow 4103 shows reduction of drag from 20% to 37% with gains of weight/drag from 33% to 59%. Gains originate from much smaller residual drag. Pre-feasibility studies demonstrate that TH’s triangular waterplanes houses same contents and payloads as conventional vessels provided TH has larger length and beam. TH-1200 Strategic Lift with full payload and range has exceptional high L/D at high speed in Von-Karman-Gabrielli chart.
Multi-Objective Hydrodynamic Optimization of the DTMB 5415 for Resistance and Seakeeping
Authors: Diez Matteo , Serani Andrea , Campana Emilio F. , Goren Omer , Sarioz Kadir , Danisman D. Bulent , Grigoropoulos Gregory , Aloniati Eleni , Visonneau Michel , Queutey Patrick , Stern Frederick
Published: April 2021

The paper presents recent research conducted within the NATO RTO Task Group AVT-204 “Assess the Ability to Optimize Hull Forms of Sea Vehicles for Best Performance in a Sea Environment.” The objective is the improvement of the hydrodynamic performances (resistance/powering requirements, seakeeping, etc.) of naval vessels, by integration of computational methods used to generate, evaluate, and optimize hull-form variants. Several optimization approaches are brought together and compared. A multi-objective optimization of the DTMB 5415 (specifically the MARIN variant 5415M) is used as a test case and results obtained so far using low-fidelity solvers show an average improvement for resistance and seakeeping performances of nearly 10 and 9%, respectively.
Slam Excitation Scales for a Large Wave Piercing Catamaran and the Effect on Structural Response
Authors: McVicar Jason J. , Lavroff Jason R. , Davis Michael R. , Thomas Giles A.
Published: April 2021

A unique slamming process is observed on high speed wave piercing catamarans (WPCs) such as those manufactured by INCAT Tasmania (shown in Fig. 1). For conventional catamarans, wet-deck slamming constitutes a significant design load and is managed through proper design of the tunnel height for the proposed operating conditions. While methods have been developed for prediction of wet-deck slam occurrence and slam magnitude in conventional catamarans (for example Ge et al., 2005) the significant differences in geometry limit application to wave piercing catamarans. Although slamming of wave piercing catamarans may be categorised as a wet-deck slam, the INCAT Tasmania wave piercing catamarans include a forward centre bow to prevent deck diving which significantly alters the water entry and slamming characteristics.
Validation of High-Fidelity Uncertainty Quantification of a High-speed Catamaran in Irregular Waves
Authors: Diez Matteo , Broglia Riccardo , Durante Danilo , Campana Emilio F. , Stern Frederick
Published: April 2021

The simulation based design (SBD) paradigm is replacing the traditional build-and-test design approach for naval vehicles, and high-fidelity simulations are required in order to guarantee the accuracy of the solution and ensure adequate design decisions. In real-world applications, all the relevant outputs are affected by uncertainty. This stems from operational and environmental parameters, as well as geometrical tolerances, and numerical/modelling errors. The estimate of the output uncertainty is required in order to provide the necessary confidence intervals of the relevant parameters.
The Application of a Proactive Control Method to Evade the Larger Wave Impacts on Fast Ships
Authors: Rijkens Albert A. K.
Published: April 2021

A high speed performance at sea can give an operator a tactical or economical advantage. The success rate of some missions, like Search And Rescue (SAR) operations or patrol duties, is even largely dependent on a quick arrival time of the ship and, thus, demand a high operational speed during daily operations, irrespective of the particular ambient wave conditions. However, a high speed performance in a seaway is often associated with a rather violent motion behaviour in which the resulting large wave impacts, or vertical peak accelerations pose a rather important limiting factor for the vessel’s operability. These impacts not only endanger the safety of the people on board but may also compromise the structural integrity of the ship. Over the past decades, several innovative fast hull forms have been developed in order to reduce these larger wave impacts. One of these designs is called the Enlarged Ship Concept (ESC), in which the length of the hull is increased to enable an optimization of the bow sections from a hydrodynamic point of view (Keuning and Pinkster 1995). This design evolved later into the Axe Bow Concept (ABC), which has an even more radical bow shape to further improve the ship’s behaviour in waves (Keuning 2006).
Experimental Investigation of Roll and Heave Motion of Triswach Ships
Authors: Stojanovic I. , Muk-Pavic E. , Bucknall R. , Falls J. , Onas A. , Datla R.
Published: April 2021

Trimaran Small Waterplane Area Centre Hull (TriSWACH) is a concept hybrid hull form between SWATH ships (centre hull) and Trimarans (side hulls). The resistance and seakeeping characteristics of this hullform are currently investigated by the Atlantic Centre for Innovative Design and Control of Small Ships (ACCeSS) consortium, supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. The main design advantages of this novel hull are (1) small wave resistance at high speeds; (2) large usable deck area; and (3) superior seakeeping characteristics, compared to monohull ships. Roll damping and response, as key design features for the safety and operational efficiency of the vessel, are currently under investigation. The ultimate goal is to propose an improved method for prediction of roll motions and also investigate how it affects the heaving response of the TriSWACH. This paper presents the findings from roll and heave decay tests, conducted at the U.S. Naval Academy (Annapolis, MD), focusing on the roll damping and the effect of side hull geometry on roll and heave motion coupling. Roll and heave decay tests were conducted for two scale models with different side hull shapes (conventional with haunches and prismatic with no haunches). Significant coupling between roll and heave was observed for the model with conventional side hulls. A quasi-linear method is used to obtain the roll damping coefficients using the experimental data and ITTC recommended semi-empirical method was used to approximate the roll damping coefficients. Both methods have shown good correlation with experimental data.
Preliminary Comparison of Polynomial Chaos and Splines for Uncertainty Quantification of Multihull Structural Loads
Authors: Knight Joshua T. , Smith Marc V.
Published: April 2021

The design and optimization of a ship’s structure depends on a prediction of lifetime extreme global loads. For novel hull forms, designers often rely on first-principle analysis and simulation methods for these predictions. Complicating this process is the fact that critical information about the ship, such as displacement and mass distribution, may be highly uncertain during early stage ship design. For this reason, efficient methods for uncertainty quantification of global structural loads are needed. This paper gives a preliminary comparison of two methods for this purpose polynomial chaos expansion, and multivariate splines. Preliminary results show favorable performance using multivariate splines. Interesting features of the design space are discussed, based on simulations using a scaled version of the Delft Catamaran 372 hull geometry.
Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics to Model Free-Surface Effects on Hydrofoil Systems
Authors: Sykes Joshua P. , Burell Katelynne R. , Qin Zhaohui , Dewhurst Timothy B.
Published: April 2021

Cedarville University competes annually in the Solar Splash competition, which involves teams of undergraduate students designing and racing boats powered by batteries and solar energy. In past years team members have used several analysis tools to estimate the drag and lift generated by both the hull of the boat or prospective hydrofoil systems. In 2014 Putnam, Dickert, and Wagner used ANSYS’s computational fluid dynamics (CFD)software, Fluent, to estimate the lift and drag of hydrofoils in a single-phase water flow. Their design used the standard “T-junction” design seen in Figure 1. In 2014 (the next team iteration) Howland used the same software to analyze the drag on an existing hull design while using a 2-phase water-and-air flow.
Use of Athena Vortex Lattice for Preliminary Hydrofoil Design
Authors: Burrell Katelynne R. , Sykes Joshua P. , Dewhurst Timothy B. , Qin Zhaohui
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the extent to which the Athena Vortex Lattice program (AVL) is useful in the design of a hydrofoil system for a solar boat. Cedarville University has won the Solar Splash Collegiate World Championship of Solar Boating 8 times in the past 12 years, and was the top university in the Top Class of the 2012 DONG Energy Solar Challenge in the Netherlands. The three main events of the Solar Splash Competition are the high-speed Slalom and Sprint events, and the longer Endurance event. In the past Cedarville has attempted to design and use hydrofoils for the Endurance event without success. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis for a hydrofoil system was conducted by Neola Putnam (2013 team member) using ANSYS’s CFD software, Fluent. Putnam worked with single phase flow modeling 3D hydrofoils. Fluent analysis can be a long and complicated process requiring hours of meshing followed by hours of CPU time for analysis. AVL, as an alternative, is a less complicated program allowing for simple generation of a geometry file. This program also takes a comparatively short time to analyze the imported geometry file. Thus, if AVL reliably predicts lift and drag, it could be used as a preliminary design tool to quickly assess various design options. AVL is a program which models lifting surfaces as vortex lattice sheets to determine the flight characteristics of the surface. The program is written in Fortran and is an inviscid solver. The AVL3.30 User Primer is a reference guide on how to use the program and was used extensively by the authors of this paper when learning to use AVL. Cedarville University also partnered with the company Sea Land Aire Technologies Inc.in Jackson Michigan for aid in using AVL as a design tool. The tool was recommended to Cedarville University by Sea Land Aire as a product which might be of interest to our team in the design of a hydrofoil system. AVL is potentially beneficial to the Cedarville University Solar Boat team in the preliminary design phase of a hydrofoil system. The content of this paper demonstrates the correlation between results from AVL and Fluent analysis for a 2D NACA 4412 foil. Secondly, the paper demonstrates comparable results from AVL for 3Danalysiswith published experimental results. The following sections discuss the use of AVL as a preliminary design tool, and the overall recommendation of the authors as to further use of AVL by Cedarville University in the design of a hydrofoil system.
Soft Tissue Response after Maxillary Step Surgery with or without ANS Reduction
Authors: İZGİ Neslihan , AKBULUT Sibel , AKBULUT Nihat
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Yumuşak doku profilinin tahmini, ortognatik cerrahi planlamanın önemli bir parçasıdır. Cerrahi tekniklerdeki değişiklikler yumuşak doku yanıtını etkileyebilir. Bu çalışma, basamaklı maksiller osteotominin yumuşak doku yanıtı üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya basamaklı maksiller osteotomi ve bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomisi kullanılarak, maksiller ilerletme ve mandibular geri alma cerrahisi uygulanan toplam 24 hasta (17 kadın, 7 erkek) dâhil edildi. Daha sonra ANS redüksiyon pozitif (ANSR+) ve negatif grup (ANSR-) olmak üzere iki alt grup oluşturuldu. Tüm hastalarda chin sütür ve V-Y kapama teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Ameliyat öncesi ve ameliyattan 6-8 ay sonra alınan lateral sefalometrik radyografiler arşivden toplandı. Yumuşak ve sert doku değişiklikleri, eşleştirilmiş T-testi kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Sert ve yumuşak doku hareketleri arasındaki korelasyonu belirlemek için Pearson korelasyon testi kullanıldı.
Bulgular: ANSR+ grubunun maksiller yumuşak/sert doku oranları ANSR- grubundan daha düşüktü. ANSR+ ve ANSR- gruplarında oranlar Pr/ANS:% 6'ya karşı % 49, Pr/A:% 16'ya karşı % 42, Sn/A:% 52'ye karşı % 66, Ls/ U1:% 31'e karşı % 78 olarak bulunmuştur.
Sonuçlar: Basamaklı maksiller osteotomi tekniği, burun ucunun anterior yönde daha fazla desteklenmesinin istendiği hastalarda faydalı olabilir. ANS redüksiyon işlemi, burun ucu ve üst dudağın yumuşak doku yanıtında azalmaya neden olur. Subnazal bölge nispeten daha az etkilenir.
Production and characterization of emulsified fish mortadella from Nile tilapia (Oreochromus niloticus)
Authors: Jerônimo Heloísa Maria Ângelo , Oliveira Maria Elieidy Gomes de , Oliveira Carlos Eduardo Vasconcelos de , Ferrão Castelo Branco Melo Natália , Poeta Casali Alex , Rosendo da Costa Antônio , Ribeiro da Silva Aryane , de Sousa Silva Ricácia , Stamford Tânia
Published: April 2021

This study produced fish mortadella from Mechanically Separated Meat (MSM) of Nile tilapia added with animal fat. Three formulations were developed: M1 (MSM - 89 % and 5 % pork fat), M2 (MSM - 84 % and 10 % pork fat) and M3 (MSM - 79 % and 15 % pork fat). The elaborated products were tested for technological, physical, physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory parameters. The results showed that the fish mortadella were microbiologically stable with a particular texture for an emulsified meat product, attractive colour and characteristic flavour. All formulations met the expected identity and quality requirements. They also achieved good acceptance by the judges, in which formulation M1 may be highlighted for presenting an emulsion stability of 97 %, higher protein content (18.09 %) and lower lipids (16.31 %). In addition, it also reached higher mean scores for texture attributes and purchase intent. Therefore, it is possible to prepare fish mortadellas from tilapia MSM using less animal fat.