bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Placental mesenchymal stem cells of fetal and maternal origins demonstrate different therapeutic potentials
Authors: Zhu Yongzhao , Yang Yinxue , Zhang Yaolin , Hao Guiliang , Liu Ting , Wang Libin , Yang Tingting , Wang Qiong , Zhang Guangyi , Wei Jun , Li Yukui
Published: April 2014

Introduction

Therapeutic potentials of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from different sources have been evaluated in pre-clinical and clinical settings. Although MSCs from different sources share MSC-specific characteristics and functions, inconsistent or controversial results of pre-clinical and clinical applications of such cells are frequently reported. This may be partially due to the fact that MSCs isolated from different origins may differentially express some functions not typical for MSCs, and hence have different therapeutic potentials. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in human placental MSCs (P-MSCs) of fetal and maternal origins in the aspects of clinical importance.

Methods

P-MSCs of fetal and maternal origins isolated from normal term placentas were characterized for their typical phenotype as well as their expression of receptors and growth factors of clinic interests. P-MSCs that preferentially express hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and CD200 were evaluated for their therapeutic potentials in models of angiogenesis and allogeneic skin transplantation, in comparison with their HGF and CD200 negative partners.

Results

Although all P-MSCs express typical MSC phenotype, fetal but not maternal P-MSCs express high levels of CD200 and HGF. Compared with HGF and CD200 negative P-MSCs, HGF and CD200 positive cells demonstrated significantly high potentials in promoting angiogenesis in vitro and increasing immunosuppressive function in vivo. These therapeutic potentials were at least in part due to their differences in HGF and CD200 expression, respectively.

Conclusions

We conclude that MSC origins may have significant impact on the therapeutic potentials of such cells, and should be taken into consideration in clinical applications.
Theoretical study on inversing the anisotropic permeability of VTI two-phase media by flexural waves in a fluid-filled borehole
Authors: Xie Fuli , Lv Weiguo , Yan Shouguo , Wang Kexie , Zhang Bixing
Published: April 2014

We developed a theoretical method of estimating the vertical and horizontal permeability of a transversely isotropic two-phase formation with a vertical symmetry principle axis (VTI) by using the attenuation characteristic of the dipole-flexural waves in a fluid-filled borehole. The attenuation value of flexural waves was extracted from synthetic data. The inversion was operated by the least-squares method. Two main conclusions were obtained based on the analysis of the results of inversion implemented on multiple sets of synthetic waveform data. First, the simultaneous estimation of vertical and horizontal permeability was feasible for the slow VTI formation, which means its shear-wave velocity is slower than the acoustic velocity of fluid in a borehole that is different from the previous understanding in some studies. Second, the fast formation corresponded to the opposite case from the slow formation, the precision of the estimated horizontal permeability relates to the accuracy of the vertical permeability, but the vertical permeability is difficult to estimate by the attenuation of the dipole-flexural waves. We added random noise with different intensities to synthetic data in order to simulate the errors that might exist in actual logging data. We adopted Prony’s method to extract attenuation to eliminate the effect of noise to a certain degree.
CXCR7 prevents excessive CXCL12-mediated downregulation of CXCR4 in migrating cortical interneurons
Authors: Abe Philipp , Mueller Wiebke , Schütz Dagmar , MacKay Fabienne , Thelen Marcus , Zhang Penglie , Stumm Ralf
Published: April 2014

The CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway is involved in the development of numerous neuronal and non-neuronal structures. Recent work established that the atypical second CXCL12 receptor, CXCR7, is essential for the proper migration of interneuron precursors in the developing cerebral cortex. Two CXCR7-mediated functions were proposed in this process: direct modulation of β-arrestin-mediated signaling cascades and CXCL12 scavenging to regulate local chemokine availability and ensure responsiveness of the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway in interneurons. Neither of these functions has been proven in the embryonic brain. Here, we demonstrate that migrating interneurons efficiently sequester CXCL12 through CXCR7. CXCR7 ablation causes excessive phosphorylation and downregulation of CXCR4 throughout the cortex in mice expressing CXCL12, but not in CXCL12-deficient animals. Cxcl12−/− mice lack activated CXCR4 in embryonic brain lysates and display a similar interneuron positioning defect as Cxcr4−/−, Cxcr7−/− and Cxcl12−/−;Cxcr7−/− animals. Thus, CXCL12 is the only CXCR4-activating ligand in the embryonic brain and deletion of one of the CXCL12 receptors is sufficient to generate a migration phenotype that corresponds to the CXCL12-deficient pathway. Our findings imply that interfering with the CXCL12-scavenging activity of CXCR7 causes loss of CXCR4 function as a consequence of excessive CXCL12-mediated CXCR4 activation and degradation.
miR-8 controls synapse structure by repression of the actin regulator Enabled
Authors: Loya Carlos M. , McNeill Elizabeth M. , Bao Hong , Zhang Bing , Van Vactor David
Published: April 2014

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that play important roles in nervous system development and physiology. However, our understanding of the strategies by which miRNAs control synapse development is limited. We find that the highly conserved miRNA miR-8 regulates the morphology of presynaptic arbors at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) through a postsynaptic mechanism. Developmental analysis shows that miR-8 is required for presynaptic expansion that occurs in response to larval growth of the postsynaptic muscle targets. With an in vivo sensor, we confirm our hypothesis that the founding member of the conserved Ena/VASP (Enabled/Vasodilator Activated Protein) family is regulated by miR-8 through a conserved site in the Ena 3′ untranslated region (UTR). Synaptic marker analysis and localization studies suggest that Ena functions within the subsynaptic reticulum (SSR) surrounding presynaptic terminals. Transgenic lines that express forms of a conserved mammalian Ena ortholog further suggest that this localization and function of postsynaptic Ena/VASP family protein is dependent on conserved C-terminal domains known to mediate actin binding and assembly while antagonizing actin-capping proteins. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrates that miR-8 is required for SSR morphogenesis. As predicted by our model, we find that Ena is both sufficient and necessary to account for miR-8-mediated regulation of SSR architecture, consistent with its localization in this compartment. Finally, electrophysiological analysis shows that miR-8 is important for spontaneous neurotransmitter release frequency and quantal content. However, unlike the structural phenotypes, increased expression of Ena fails to mimic the functional defects observed in miR-8-null animals. Together, these findings suggest that miR-8 limits the expansion of presynaptic terminals during larval synapse development through regulation of postsynaptic actin assembly that is independent of changes in synapse physiology.
Reactions of Molybdenum Hydrides with Organochlorosilanes: Silicon–Silicon Bond Formation under Mild Conditions
Authors: Asaeda Takahiro , Lee Joo Yeon , Watanabe Kyosuke , Minato Makoto
Published: April 2014

Reactions of molybdenum hydrides containing polydentate phosphinoalkylsilyl ligands with a number of chlorosilanes have been investigated; this has led to the discovery of a novel type of a dechlorinative Si–Si coupling reaction.
Criteria for preserving posterior cruciate ligament depending on intra-operative gap measurement in total knee replacement
Authors: Kaneyama R. , Otsuka M. , Shiratsuchi H. , Oinuma K. , Miura Y. , Tamaki T.
Published: April 2014

Objectives

Because posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) resection makes flexion gaps wider in total knee replacement (TKR), preserving or sacrificing a PCL affects the gap equivalence; however, there are no criteria for the PCL resection that consider gap situations of each knee. This study aims to investigate gap characteristics of knees and to consider the criteria for PCL resection.

Methods

The extension and flexion gaps were measured, first with the PCL preserved and subsequently with the PCL removed (in cases in which posterior substitute components were selected). The PCL preservation or sacrifice was solely determined by the gap measurement results, without considering other functions of the PCL such as ‘roll back.’

Results

Wide variations were observed in the extension and flexion gaps. The flexion gaps were significantly larger than the extension gaps. Cases with 18 mm or more flexion gap and with larger flexion than extension gap were implanted with cruciate retaining component. A posterior substitute component was implanted with the other cases.

Conclusions

In order to make adequate gaps, it is important to decide whether to preserve the PCL based on the intra-operative gap measurements made with the PCL intact. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2014;3:95–100.
Community Engagement from the Margin: Zionism and the Case of the Palestinian Student Movement in the Israeli Universities
Authors: Ibrahim Makkawi
Published: April 2014

The recently emerging concept of community engagement is better conceived as a context dependent concept. However, when examining the case of native communities living in colonial situations, community engagement by universities of the colonial authorities fail to capture the level of grassroots organizing among students of the colonized communities as a form of community engagement, albeit community engagement from the margin. The Palestinian community in Israel, lives in a colonial situation in its own homeland where the Israeli universities have been established as an integral part of the Zionist colonial project in Palestine. As the Palestinian formal educational system, hegemonic and identity blurring, the Palestinian Student Movement in the Israeli universities is conceived as a grassroots form of community engagement intending to reconstruct and reassert a shared sense of collective-national identity among the Palestinian students within the Israel campuses. Furthermore, Palestinian student activists are involved in community grassroots organizing and action within their own home communities and places of residence. This form of grassroots organizing and political action by members of colonized communities, calls our attention to re-conceptualization of the conventional understanding of the concept of university-community engagement.
Lost in Non-Translation: Politics of Misrepresenting Arabs
Authors: Sally Gomaa  , Chad Raymond
Published: April 2014

Undergraduate college students in the USA often encounter the Arab Middle East through novels translated into English. These novels are often presented by instructors and understood by students as stylized but accurate depictions of Arab societies as they currently exist. This article argues that the extremely limited number of translated Arabic novels that have made their way into American classrooms perpetuate stereotypes about Arab societies. These novels present students with themes that are often ahistorical and infused with violence, misogyny, and religious fanaticism. Although students may be highly interested in learning about Arab societies, the literary content they come across encourages affective rather than critical or complex responses.
Development and proximate and microbiological characterization of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) protein hydrolyzed.
Authors: Veit Juliana Cristina , Feiden Aldi , Ferrarezi Maluf Marcia Luzia , Boscolo Wilson Rogerio
Published: April 2014

The proteic hydrolysis is a technology developed with the aim of adding value, functionality and increase the use of undervalued raw materials. Through this process is possible to modify the chemical, physical and biological properties of proteins without changing their nutrient content. This study aimed to develop proteic hydrolyzed of Nile tilapia “V” cuts and to characterize them according to their degree of hydrolysis, chemical composition and microbiology. The results of analyses showed that the developed hydrolyzed had high productivity and appropriate degree of hydrolysis (14.8 % to H1 and 13.2 % to H2) that allow to use them both in the treatment of diseases as a flavoring in foods. In addition to presenting good composition, similar to the initial raw material, with 81.4 and 81.0 % for moisture, 13.6 and 14.6 % for protein, 3.5 and 2.8 % for lipids and 2.7 and 2.0 % for ash, respectively for H1 and H2. With relation to microbiological results, the hydrolyzed showed great health quality, well below the limits allowed by law. Therefore, the enzymatic hydrolysis proved to be an efficient process to obtain hydrolyzed proteins from a high biological value and low value raw material.

 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v4i1.97
What Motivates China to Invest So Heavily in U.S. Treasury Securities?
Authors: Lizardo Radhames A. , Kelly Mary H.
Published: April 2014

This paper attempts to shed light on the question: What motivates China to invest so heavily in U.S. Treasury securities, despite the fact that U.S. Treasuries provide real rates of return that are either close to zero or negative? Such an investment strategy can be perceived as economically irrational. A linkage can be presumed between China’s investment practices and the tactical decision to moderate the United States’ influence on economic, political, and military issues. We hypothesize, however, that China does not have a better investment option because holding an ever-increasing amount of U.S. dollar-based liquid assets gives China the ability to manage the value of the yuan in order to force its desired trade surpluses. In other words, China’s main mechanism to secure a positive trade balance and increase its foreign direct investment is by maintaining an undervalued currency, which requires an ever-increasing foreign-exchange reserve. From what we know, our study is the most comprehensive empirical examination of motivations for China’s heavy purchases of U.S. Treasury securities by analyzing nearly 25 years that begins in 1987 and covers the period over which China dramatically increased its holdings of these instruments.
Hands2Help – Ein App-basiertes Konzept zur Koordination Freiwilliger Helfer/ Hands2Help – An App-based Concept for Coordination of Disaster Response Volunteers
Authors: Hofmann Marlen , Betke Hans , Sackmann Stefan
Published: April 2014

An der erfolgreichen Bewältigung der Jahrhundertflut im Sommer 2013 waren neben den regulären, organisierten Einsatzkräften von Feuerwehr, THW u. a. auch tausende freiwillige Helfer beteiligt. Die Koordination der vielen spontan verfügbaren „vor-Ort Helfer“ kristallisierte sich jedoch als ein zentrales Problem heraus, da sich diese überwiegend dezentral über soziale Netzwerke organisierten. Dies führte nicht nur zu gefährlichen und unnützen Hilfshandlungen, sondern auch zu „Helfernomaden“, die von einem Einsatzort zum nächsten zogen und immer wieder an überfüllten oder bereits abgearbeiteten Einsatzorten eintrafen, während andere Standorte unterbesetzt blieben und dringend zusätzliche Helfer benötigt hätten. Damit solche Koordinationsprobleme in Zukunft gelöst und das vorhandene Freiwilligenpotential effizient und effektiv ausgeschöpft werden kann, werden in diesem Beitrag Anforderungen an IT-Systeme zur Koordination freiwilliger Helfer diskutiert. Mit dem Hands2Help-System wird zudem ein neuartiges, App-basiertes Koordinationssystem vorgestellt, das Einsatzleiter und Leitstellen bei der Freiwilligenkoordination unterstützen kann.
Evaluation der Mensch-Computer-Interaktion in Krisenszenarien / Evaluating human-computer-interaction in crisis scenarios
Authors: Nestler Simon
Published: April 2014

Die Prozesse des Krisenmanagements zeichnen sich durch eine hohe Unsicherheit, Instabilität und Zeitkritikalität aus. Eine Unterstützung der Krisenakteure durch interaktive Systeme stellt in Krisenszenarien eine ganz besondere Herausforderung dar. Bereits kleine Schwachpunkte in der Mensch-Computer-Interaktion (MCI) können zu einer vollständigen Unnutzbarkeit der Krisenmanagementsysteme führen. Die regelmäßige Durchführung von Usability-Tests mit den Krisenakteuren ist essentiell. Die Betrachtung der MCI ist eine wichtige Grundlage für die erfolgreiche Einführung von interaktiven Systemen für das Krisenmanagement. Das Testen von interaktiven Systemen für Krisenszenarien ist jedoch besonders komplex: Der Usability-Test muss auf geeignete Weise in das Krisenszenario integriert werden. Usability-Tests in realistischen Krisenszenarien führen zu einem überproportional hohen Ressourcenbedarf. Testmethoden müssen auf geeignete Weise mit dem Krisenprozess verknüpft werden. Diese Publikation gibt einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Ansätze für das Usability-Testing von interaktiven Krisenmanagementsystemen. Diese Ansätze ermöglichen eine iterative Verbesserung der interaktiven Systeme. Dazu gehen diese Ansätze über eine rein methodische Betrachtung des Usability-Testing hinaus. Der Usability-Test wird aus der Perspektive der MCI und aus der Perspektive des Krisenmanagements betrachtet. Erst diese kombinierte Betrachtung führt zu einem systematischen Ansatz für die Durchführung von Usability-Tests in Krisenszenarien. Durch diesen Ansatz lässt sich die Häufigkeit der Usability-Tests bei gleichbleibendem Gesamtaufwand steigern.
GroupAL: ein Algorithmus zur Formation und Qualitätsbewertung von Lerngruppen in E-Learning-Szenarien / GroupAL: an algorithm for group formation and quality evaluation of learning groups in e-learning scenarios
Authors: Konert Johannes , Burlak Dmitrij , Göbel Stefan , Steinmetz Ralf
Published: April 2014

Der Wissensaustausch Lernender untereinander ist für E-Learning-Systeme und computer-gestütztes Lernen generell ein wichtiger Baustein zur Förderung der Motivation, der Lernzielerreichung sowie der Verbesserung der Problemlösekompetenz. Die positiven Effekte dieses Austausches hängen jedoch stark von der Eignung der Lernpartner in einer gebildeten Lerngruppe ab. In diesem Artikel werden Kriterienkategorien vorgestellt, die ein Gruppenformationsalgorithmus für Lerngruppen berücksichtigen sollte, sowie die existierenden algorithmischen Lösungen verwandter Arbeiten. Für die gleichzeitige Berücksichtigung aller dieser Kriterien wird der Algorithmus GroupAL vorgestellt. Dieser erlaubt beispielsweise die Verwendung mehrdimensionaler Kriterien, die wahlweise homogen oder heterogen ausgeprägt sein sollen, sowie die Bildung einheitlich guter Gruppen einer gesamten Kohorte von Lernenden. Die GroupAL-Architektur ermöglicht die Verwendung verschiedener Algorithmen zur Gruppenformation und definiert ein normiertes Gütemaß für Lerngruppen, welches den Vergleich verschiedener Gruppenformationen über Kriterienvariationen und Kohortenänderungen hinweg erlaubt. Die abschließend dargestellte Evaluation zeigt, dass GroupAL unter den gewählten Bedingungen bessere Ergebnisse liefert als bisherige Ansätze und umfassendere Anwendungsmöglichkeiten zur Lerngruppenbildung bietet.
Synthetic versatility of nanoparticles: A new, rapid, one-pot, single-step synthetic approach to spherical mesoporous (metal) oxide nanoparticles using supercritical alcohols
Authors: Wang Pengyu , Kobiro Kazuya
Published: April 2014

A simple, rapid (10 min), one-pot, single-step method for the preparation of solid and hollow spherical porous TiO2 nanoparticles with large surface areas (100–211 m2/g) was developed in supercritical alcohols using carboxylic acids as organic additives. The shell thickness of the hollow TiO2 nanoparticles (20–280 nm) was controlled by adjusting the heating rate (2.0–10.0 °C/min). The preparation of different spherical porous metal oxide nanoparticles, including CeO2, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, and ZnO, demonstrated the versatility of the synthetic approach. In addition, several rare earth-doped spherical mesoporous metal oxide nanoparticles, including CeO2:Er, CeO2:Er,Yb, ZrO2:Er, and TiO2:Er, which exhibit energy upconversion emission, were successfully prepared using this one-pot, single-step, supercritical methanol method. The obtained spherical mesoporous CeO2:Er and CeO2:Er,Yb nanoparticles emit green light upon excitation, even when irradiated with a low-power IR laser (980 nm, 10 mW) without calcination. Several other (metal) elements were also easily doped into spherical, mesoporous TiO2 nanoparticles, such as Eu, Ce, Yb, Fe, and N, using a similar procedure. Furthermore, the spherical mesoporous TiO2 nanoparticles were successfully applied as a new material for the transport of DNA via biolistic bombardment.
Typology of relative clauses: the case of Berber
Authors: Galand Lionel
Published: April 2014

A relative clause is subordinate to a nominal element (noun or pronoun) called ``antecedent'', in order to define or complete its meaning. Therefore any language making use of relative clauses must: 1) make clear that the relative clause is indeed subordinate; 2) show which type of relation exists between the relative clause and the antecedent, i.e. what would be the grammatical function of the antecedent, should the clause be independent and include it. The different ways of answering that double constraint provide criteria for a typological classification of relative clauses. The article describes the choices made by a few Berber languages.
Focalization process and intonation in Meridional Berber: the case of Tamasheq and Tetserret
Authors: Lux Cécile
Published: April 2014

The best-known information structures, focus and topic have already been described for almost all Berber languages. However, intonation in these structures is seldom described in spite of its essential part. In this paper, my aim is to describe the focalization process, focusing on intonation, in Tamasheq, as compared with Tetserret; indeed, the two languages, even if they share some similarities because of they are in constant contact and belong to the same phylum, follow different intonative rules in most occurrences. We will see that, in those two languages, the focalization process is rich, even from a typological point of view, and that, here again, intonation is different from one language to another.
The Role of Clustering in the Liquid-Vapor Transition of Mercury
Authors: Hensel Friedrich , Jortner Joshua
Published: April 2014

The paper attempts to analyze the implications for the liquid-vapor
transition of the recent finding of the coexistence of metallic- and
non-metallic domains in liquid mercury. In particular, it is shown
that liquid mercury forms a “pseudo-binary” mixture, for which the
liquid-vapor two phase region in the pressure-temperature plane is no
longer a single line but a two dimensional domain.
Action Potential Generation in an Anatomically Constrained Model of Medial Superior Olive Axons
Authors: Lehnert Simon , Ford Marc C. , Alexandrova Olga , Hellmundt Franziska , Felmy Felix , Grothe Benedikt , Leibold Christian
Published: April 2014

Neurons in the medial superior olive (MSO) encode interaural time differences (ITDs) with sustained firing rates of >100 Hz. They are able to generate such high firing rates for several hundred milliseconds despite their extremely low-input resistances of only few megaohms and high synaptic conductancesin vivo. The biophysical mechanisms by which these leaky neurons maintain their excitability are not understood. Since action potentials (APs) are usually assumed to be generated in the axon initial segment (AIS), we analyzed anatomical data of proximal MSO axons in Mongolian gerbils and found that the axon diameter is <1 μm and the internode length is ∼100 μm. Using a morphologically constrained computational model of the MSO axon, we show that these thin axons facilitate the excitability of the AIS. However, for ongoing high rates of synaptic inputs the model generates a substantial fraction of APs in its nodes of Ranvier. These distally initiated APs are mediated by a spatial gradient of sodium channel inactivation and a strong somatic current sink. The model also predicts that distal AP initiation increases the dynamic range of the rate code for ITDs.
TGF-β and Opioid Receptor Signaling Crosstalk Results in Improvement of Endogenous and Exogenous Opioid Analgesia under Pathological Pain Conditions
Authors: Lantero Aquilino , Tramullas Mónica , Pílar-Cuellar Fuencisla , Valdizán Elsa , Santillán Rosa , Roques Bernard P. , Hurlé María A.
Published: April 2014

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) protects against neuroinflammatory events underlying neuropathic pain. TGF-β signaling enhancement is a phenotypic characteristic of mice lacking the TGF-β pseudoreceptor BAMBI (BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor), which leads to an increased synaptic release of opioid peptides and to a naloxone-reversible hypoalgesic/antiallodynic phenotype. Herein, we investigated the following: (1) the effects ofBAMBIdeficiency on opioid receptor expression, functional efficacy, and analgesic responses to endogenous and exogenous opioids; and (2) the involvement of the opioid system in the antiallodynic effect of TGF-β1.BAMBI-KO mice were subjected to neuropathic pain by sciatic nerve crash injury (SNI). Gene (PCR) and protein (Western blot) expressions of μ- and δ-opioid receptors were determined in the spinal cord. The inhibitory effects of agonists on the adenylyl cyclase pathway were investigated. Two weeks after SNI, wild-type mice developed mechanical allodynia and the functionality of μ-opioid receptors was reduced. By this time,BAMBI-KO mice were protected against allodynia and exhibited increased expression and function of opioid receptors. Four weeks after SNI, when mice of both genotypes had developed neuropathic pain, the analgesic responses induced by morphine and RB101 (an inhibitor of enkephalin-degrading enzymes, which increases the synaptic levels of enkephalins) were enhanced inBAMBI-KO mice. Similar results were obtained in the formalin-induced chemical-inflammatory pain model. Subcutaneous TGF-β1 infusion prevented pain development after SNI. The antiallodynic effect of TGF-β1 was naloxone-sensitive. In conclusion, modulation of the endogenous opioid system by TGF-β signaling improves the analgesic effectiveness of exogenous and endogenous opioids under pathological pain conditions.
Activation of Spinal Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptors Specifically Suppresses Pain Hypersensitivity
Authors: Gong Nian , Xiao Qi , Zhu Bin , Zhang Chang-Yue , Wang Yan-Chao , Fan Hui , Ma Ai-Niu , Wang Yong-Xiang
Published: April 2014

This study aims to identify the inhibitory role of the spinal glucagon like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) signaling in pain hypersensitivity and its mechanism of action in rats and mice. First, GLP-1Rs were identified to be specifically expressed on microglial cells in the spinal dorsal horn, and profoundly upregulated after peripheral nerve injury. In addition, intrathecal GLP-1R agonists GLP-1(7–36) and exenatide potently alleviated formalin-, peripheral nerve injury-, bone cancer-, and diabetes-induced hypersensitivity states by 60–90%, without affecting acute nociceptive responses. The antihypersensitive effects of exenatide and GLP-1 were completely prevented by GLP-1R antagonism and GLP-1R gene knockdown. Furthermore, exenatide evoked β-endorphin release from both the spinal cord and cultured microglia. Exenatide antiallodynia was completely prevented by the microglial inhibitor minocycline, β-endorphin antiserum, and opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. Our results illustrate a novel spinal dorsal horn microglial GLP-1R/β-endorphin inhibitory pathway in a variety of pain hypersensitivity states.
Symptomatic Anterior Cerebral Artery Vasospasm after Brainstem Hemangioblastoma Resection
Authors: Prontera Andrea , Puzzolante Annette , Carpeggiani Paolo , Pavesi Giacomo
Published: April 2014

Diffuse cerebral vasospasm is a rare complication after brain tumour resection as opposed to that following an aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Sellar tumours are among the most common pathologies and locations associated with this complication. Removal of posterior cranial fossa lesions is uncommonly associated with vasospasm, with only nine reported cases. We describe a case of diffuse symptomatic vasospasm mainly involving the right anterior cerebral artery, angiographically confirmed, after resection of a haemangioblastoma of the medulla in an adult patient with von Hippel-Lindau disease. The possible pathogenesis of this phenomenon is discussed.
Goldenhar Syndrome Associated with Contralateral Agenesis of the Internal Carotid Artery
Authors: Ventura Elisa , Ormitti Francesca , Crisi Girolamo , Sesenna Enrico
Published: April 2014

Congenital absence of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is an extremely rare vascular anomaly. Aplasia and displacement of the horizontal portion of the petrous carotid artery have been described in a patient with mandibulofacial dysostosis. To the best of our knowledge, the association between Goldenhar syndrome and ipsilateral ICA agenesis has emerged only in one case documented in the medical literature to date. We describe here a case that illustrates the association of Goldenhar syndrome with contralateral agenesis of the ICA incidentally detected on brain magnetic resonance imaging and subsequently confirmed on magnetic resonance angiography and high resolution computed tomography.
On a measure of algebraic independence of modulus and values of Jacobi elliptic function
Authors: Kholyavka Ya.M.
Published: April 2014

It is proved an estimation of a measure of algebraic independence for the modulus and values at various algebraic points of the Jacobi elliptic function.
Supercompactness of spaces of capacities and its consequences
Authors: Cherkovskyi T.M.
Published: April 2014

It is proved that the space of normalized real-valued capacities on an openly generated compactum is an absolute retract. Existence of a normal binary subbase for closed subsets in the space of normalized lattice-valued capacities on an openly generated compactum is also shown, which implies that this space is a Dugundji space.
Superextensions of cyclic semigroups
Authors: Gavrylkiv V.M.
Published: April 2014

Given a cyclic semigroup $S$ we study right and left zeros, singleton left ideals, the minimal ideal, left cancelable and right cancelable elements of superextensions $\lambda(S)$ and characterize cyclic semigroups whose superextensions are commutative.
On equivalence of pairs of matrices, which determinants are primes powers, over quadratic Euclidean rings
Authors: Ladzoryshyn N.B.
Published: April 2014

We establish that a pair of matrices, which determinants are primes powers, can  be reduced over quadratic Euclidean ring $\mathbb{K}=\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt{k}]$ to their triangular forms with invariant factors on a main diagonal by using the common transformation of rows over a ring of rational integers $\mathbb{Z}$ and separate transformations of columns over a quadratic ring $\mathbb{K}$.
Оцінка розподілу супремуму розв'язку гіперболічного рівняння з Орлічевою правою частиною
Authors: Dovhai B.V.
Published: April 2014

Ми розглядаємо гiперболiчне рiвняння з однорiдними початковими i граничними умовами та Орлiчевою правою частиною. За умов iснування розв’язку у виглядi рiвномiрно збiжного за ймовiрнiстю ряду отримано оцiнку розподiлу супремуму розв’язку такої задачi. Наведено приклади строго Орлiчевих випадкових полiв, що задовольняють цi умови.
On extended stochastic integrals with respect to Lévy processes
Authors: Kachanovsky N.A.
Published: April 2014

Let $L$ be a Levy process on $[0,+\infty)$. In particular cases, when $L$ is a Wiener or Poisson process, any square integrable random variable can be decomposed in a series of repeated stochastic integrals from nonrandom functions with respect to $L$. This property of $L$, known as the chaotic representation property (CRP), plays a very important role in the stochastic analysis. Unfortunately, for a general Levy process the CRP does not hold.

There are different generalizations of the CRP for Levy processes. In particular, under the Ito's approach one decomposes a Levy process $L$ in the sum of a Gaussian process and a stochastic integral with respect to a Poisson random measure, and then uses the CRP for both terms in order to obtain a generalized CRP for $L$. The Nualart-Schoutens's approach consists in decomposition of a square integrable random variable in a series of repeated stochastic integrals from nonrandom functions with respect to so-called orthogonalized centered power jump processes, these processes are constructed with using of a cadlag version of $L$. The Lytvynov's approach is based on orthogonalization of continuous monomials in the space of square integrable random variables.

In this paper we construct the extended stochastic integral with respect to a Levy process and the Hida stochastic derivative in terms of the Lytvynov's generalization of the CRP; establish some properties of these operators; and, what is most important, show that the extended stochastic integrals, constructed with use of the above-mentioned generalizations of the CRP, coincide.
Асимптотична поведiнка розв'язку оберненої задачі для слабко нелінійного ультрапараболічного рівняння
Authors: Protsakh N.P.
Published: April 2014

Розглянуто обернену задачу з інтегральною умовою перевизначення для слабко нелінійного ультрапараболічного рівняння з невідомим, залежним від часу, множником правої частини цього рівняння. Знайдено умови, за яких узагальнений розв'язок задачі прямує до нуля при зростанні часової змінної.
Tratamento das neuropatias desmielinizantes aquílicas pelo ACTH. Resultados imediatos e tardios
Authors: Canelas Horácio M. , Levy José Antonio
Published: April 2014

Os autores apresentam os resultados imediatos e tardios do emprêgo do ACTH em 4 casos de neuropatias desmielinizantes aquílicas (assim chamadas degenerações combinadas da medula). Os efeitos imediatos foram satisfatórios em todos os casos, particularmente em relação à síndrome piramidal, mostrando-se mais resistente a síndrome neurítica. Os efeitos tardios foram, no conjunto, absolutamente idênticos aos imediatos, demonstrando que os benefícios se mantiveram por períodos de 3 a 6 meses; a análise separada das síndromes neurológicas evidenciou melhora ulterior dos sinais piramidais, estabilidade da sintomatologia neurítica e discreta recidiva da síndrome funicular dorsal. A instituição de tratamentos pelas vitaminas B1, e B12, em altas doses, após um período pós-ACTH de 6 meses (em 3 casos) não modificou o quadro clínico.
Obstrução das artérias carótidas e das principais artérias cerebrais
Authors: Zaclis José , Cruz O. Riciardi , Almeida Gilberto G. M.
Published: April 2014

São reunidos os dados relativos a 23 casos de obstrução de artérias crânio-encefálicas: carótida primitiva em 2 casos; carótida interna em 16 casos; artéria cerebral em 2; cerebral média em 3. São analisados a incidência da obstrução arterial em relação à idade e ao sexo, sua sintomatologia e os métodos de diagnóstico. Foi observada nítida predileção para o sexo masculino. As idades extremas dos pacientes foram de 10 meses e de 56 anos, variando os restantes entre 20 e 50 anos. Quanto às manifestações clínicas destaca-se a hemiplegia, que ocorreu em 21 dos pacientes. No tocante ao diagnóstico angiográfico, os autores são de opinião que, para afastar a possibilidade de oclusão transitória devida a espasmo, é importante que o mesmo aspecto seja verificado em exames sucessivos, principalmente quando o segmento visível da artéria ocluída não apresentar deformação característica. Como contraprova foi feita, em 12 casos, a angiografia controlateral; em nenhum destes casos houve qualquer acidente atribuível ao exame. A angiografia controlateral, além de constituir contraprova da oclusão vascular, permite o estudo da circulação de suplência.
Malformação occipitocervical e síndrome de Arnold-Chiarí: bons resultados em um caso operado
Authors: Vidigal Diaulas , Luccia Carlos de
Published: April 2014

Relato de caso de paciente que apresentava sintomatologia de lesão difusa do tronco cerebral há 3 anos. Os exames complementares (radiografias simples, iodoventriculografia e perimielografia retrógrada) permitiram diagnosticar occipitalização do atlas, subluxação da apófise odontóide e síndrome de Arnold-Chiari. Foi feito o alargamento cirúrgico da margem posterior do foramen magnum e laminectomia de C1 C2 e C3. Após 120 dias de imobilização em colete de gêsso até a altura da mandíbula foi dada alta ao paciente; o exame clínico, feito 7 meses após, mostrou ter sido permanente o resultado benéfico do ato cirúrgico.
Ouvidorias públicas de saúde: estudo de caso em ouvidoria municipal de saúde
Authors: Silva Rita de Cássia Costa da , Pedroso Marcelo Caldeira , Zucchi Paola
Published: April 2014

OBJETIVO : Analisar o papel da ouvidoria e sua contribuição para a gestão da saúde pública segundo usuários de sistema de Saúde e de conselheiros municipais de saúde. MÉTODOS : Pesquisa qualitativa, estudo de caso, descritivo e transversal. A unidade de análise foi uma ouvidoria de saúde, localizada em município do estado de Minas Gerais, de maio a agosto de 2010. O estudo foi de natureza observacional com dados coletados em entrevistas com dois grupos de stakeholders: usuários e conselheiros de saúde. Foram entrevistados 44 usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde que registraram manifestações presenciais na ouvidoria e todos os 20 conselheiros do município. As informações obtidas foram analisadas com base em três questões: (1) natureza das informações obtidas; (2) discussão sobre subsídios para qualificar o funcionamento da ouvidoria como ferramenta de gestão; (3) proposição de ações para o aprimoramento da gestão democrática no campo da saúde pública. RESULTADOS : As demandas reportadas à ouvidoria indicaram dificuldade de acesso às ações e serviços de saúde, correndo o risco de serem percebidas como atalhos para obtenção de acessibilidade, desconsiderando o princípio da justiça social. A atuação da ouvidoria contou com a aprovação dos cidadãos. Os usuários relataram como principais funções da ouvidoria: ajudar a solucionar problemas de saúde e ouvir e esclarecer sobre o funcionamento do Sistema Único de Saúde. A informação foi enfatizada pelos conselheiros de saúde como instrumento de poder e de acesso aos direitos dos usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde. Destacaram que a ouvidoria tem como tarefa garantir justiça na efetivação da política de saúde e que desempenha importante papel de mediação entre o Conselho de Saúde, os cidadãos e os gestores do sistema municipal de saúde. Além disso, atribuíram à ouvidoria caráter executivo que usualmente ela não abriga. CONCLUSÕES : A ouvidoria é uma importante ferramenta de gestão e atua na fiscalização do funcionamento do sistema de saúde. A implantação da ouvidoria é um avanço no campo da gestão democrática. Existem desafios a serem superados para que as ouvidorias contribuam para a execução das políticas de saúde e representem os cidadãos na garantia do direito à saúde.
Análise microscópica e ultraestrutural das glândulas salivares mandibulares de Procyon cancrivorus
Authors: Santos Amilton C. , Oliveira Vanessa C. , Viana Diego C. , Lobo Luis M. , Ambrósio Carlos E. , Assis-Neto Antônio C. , Carvalho Ana F. , Mançanares Celina A.F.
Published: April 2014

Devido a importância ecológica dos Procyon cancrivorus, o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar morfologicamente e ultra estruturalmente a glândula salivar mandibular desta espécie. Foram utilizadas 10 pares (direita e esquerda) de glândulas salivares mandibulares de cinco animais adultos. As glândulas salivares mandibulares foram dissecadas e mensuradas com paquímetro de precisão e posteriormente processadas por técnica rotineira de histologia e coradas por HE (hematoxilina e eosina) e Picrossírius. Fragmentos das glândulas foram processados para análise em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). As glândulas salivares mandibulares direitas e esquerdas de P. cancrivorus apresentaram-se lobuladas, formato ovalado, e posicionadas entre a fossa atlantis e o osso basihyoideum do crânio. Microscopicamente, estas glândulas estavam revestidas por uma cápsula de tecido conjuntivo denso não modelado, a qual adentra a glândula através de septos, dividindo-a em lóbulos. Nos septos de tecido conjuntivo estão presentes vasos sanguíneos e nervos, além de ductos interlobulares excretores. Dentro dos lóbulos das glândulas salivares mandibulares, são encontrados ductos do tipo estriado e intercalar, além de predomínio de ácinos do tipo mucoso. Os resultados permitem concluir que as glândulas salivares mandibulares dos Procyon cancrivorus, seguem o padrão estrutural descrito em outras espécies de mamíferos. No entanto os tipos de ácinos podem variar entre as espécies, sendo, portanto, necessários futuros estudos histoquímicos e de biologia celular para desvendar a importância dessa variação para a espécie aqui estudada, comparando com seu hábito alimentar.
Leucograma e metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos em cabras da raça Saanen nos períodos de gestação, parto e pós-parto
Authors: Fonteque Joandes H. , Saito Mere E. , Barioni Graziela , Valente Ana C. dos S. , Takahira Regina K. , Kohayagawa Aguemi
Published: April 2014

O presente estudo teve como objetivo a avaliação do leucograma e do metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos em fêmeas caprinas da raça Saanen, nos períodos de gestação, parto e pós-parto. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas de 20 fêmeas nulíparas da raça Saanen, clinicamente sadias por venipunção jugular aos 49 (M1), 42 (M2), 35 (M3), 28 (M4), 21 (M5), 14 (M6), sete (M7), três (M8) dias antes do parto, no dia do parto (M9), três (M10) e sete (M11) dias após o parto, para a realização do leucograma e dosagens séricas de cortisol, estradiol e progesterona. A partir de 28 dias (M4) antes do parto até sete dias do pós-parto (M11) foram colhidas amostras de sangue para a avaliação do metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos por meio do teste de redução do tetrazólio nitroazul (NBT). Os resultados demonstraram que no dia do parto houve aumento nas concentrações séricas de cortisol e estradiol, e diminuição da progesterona, leucocitose por neutrofilia e desvio à esquerda leve, diminuição dos linfócitos, aumento da relação neutrófilo:linfócito, eosinopenia, monocitose e basofilia. No sétimo dia do pós-parto houve leucocitose por neutrofilia e aumento da relação neutrófilo:linfócito. Não houve nos períodos de gestação, parto e pós-parto alterações significativas no metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos. Conclui-se que o parto determina elevação da concentração sérica de cortisol e estradiol, e diminuição da progesterona determinando quadro de leucocitose por neutrofilia e desvio à esquerda leve, com diminuição dos linfócitos, aumento da relação neutróflo:linfócito, eosinopenia, monocitose e basofilia. Ao sétimo dia do pós-parto há leucocitose por neutrofilia, aumento da relação neutrófilo:linfócito e do fibrinogênio. A gestação, o parto e o período do pós-parto não alteram o metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos avaliado por meio do teste de redução do NBT.
Characterization of research groups in nursing education in the state of são paulo
Authors: Canever Bruna Pedroso , Prado Marta Lenise do , Backes Vânia Marli Schubert , Lino Mônica Motta
Published: April 2014

The aim of this documentary, quantitative, exploratory and descriptive study was to characterize research groups in nursing education in the state of São Paulo and the conformity of its researchers and scientific works. Data were collected in Directory Groups of CNPq, in the 2008 census and in the Lattes platform. São Paulo has 12 Research Groups in Nursing Education, with 94 researchers, of which 91.5% are research fellows, or have a Ph.D or a master's degree. These groups have published 875 scientific articles, 62 books, 191 book chapters and 96 full papers in event annals. A total of 88.8% of scientific articles were published in Brazilian journals with Qualis/CAPES A2. São Paulo stands out in the Brazilian setting for having the largest number of research groups, qualified researchers and high-quality publications. These facts are directly related to high federal and state investments.
Early contact and breastfeeding: meanings and experiences
Authors: D'Artibale Eloana Ferreira , Bercini Luciana Olga
Published: April 2014

The aim of this study was to analyze the meanings and experiences of early contact and breastfeeding of the postpartum women admitted at a Baby-Friendly Hospital. It is a descriptive, exploratory study, with qualitative approach, that was developed in a teaching hospital in the Northwest of Paraná state between November 2011 and January 2012, involving the participation of 16 postpartum women. Data were collected by means of non-participant systematic observation of the childbirths and semi-structured interview. The data collected were analyzed using the thematic content analysis. The results revealed that, soon after childbirth, the child-mother binomial provided the woman with a unique experience, triggering various sensations into the bio-psycho-social-cultural context of each one of the mothers, with feelings and meanings that favored the mother-child bond and the outset of breastfeeding.
Sexual behavior in the everyday life of adolescents and young adults from the hip hop culture
Authors: Muñoz Maria Angeles Garcia-Carpintero , Nitschke Rosane Gonçalves , Tholl Adriana Dutra
Published: April 2014

This is a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive study, conducted in two consecutive series in 2007 (S1) and 2008 (S2), comprised of 350 people between 15 and 29 years of age, with the aim to understand the profile of adolescents and young adults from the hip hop culture of Seville, Spain, and to detect risky sexual behavior in their everyday lives. Data were obtained by means of a self-administered questionnaire followed by a statistical analysis, corresponding to a sexually active population (91%), who initiated their sexual experiences before 16.5 years of age. Most state they are heterosexual and use contraception. In conclusion, the image of this group is tied to virile masculine stereotypes, constituting the imaginary of this body of people. Direct interventions are needed to promote health and disease prevention, before adolescence, involving health services, families and schools, which address sexual education and love, taking into account the social construct and everyday life.
Cooperation and the relationship between education and healthcare institutions: the nursing pró-saúde project
Authors: Andrade Selma Regina de , Boehs Astrid Eggert , Mattia Daiana de , Boehs Carlos Gabriel Eggert , Daussy Maria Francisca dos Santos
Published: April 2014

This qualitative study used a case study approach with the aim of analyzing the cooperation between the Nursing Course of the Federal University of Santa Catarina and the Municipal Health Secretariat of Florianópolis, from the Pró-Saúde I Project. The data, from documentary sources and interviews, were analyzed using the directed content analysis technique, and interpreted considering the Cooperative Interorganizational Relationships Model. The results show commitment to formalize the project between both institutions, at a strategic level, followed by negotiations and commitments, culminating with a modified project and a new agreement regulating the partnership. For its implementation, the Management Committee was responsible for making effective, in a cyclic way, the relationship for the proposed activities. It is concluded that there was approximation between the institutions at different levels, reflected in the cooperation within the healthcare units for education-service integration, with the aim of redirecting the nursing training.