bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unpacking the Dynamics of Urban Transformation in Heritage Places through ‘Critical System Dynamics’: The Case of Beresford Square, Woolwich
Authors: Fouseki Kalliopi , Hisari Lorika , Dong Xinqiao , Bonacchi Chiara , Robson Elizabeth , Broccoli Elisa , Guttormsen Torgrim Sneve , Nucciotti Michele , Shieh Sharon
Published: November 2023

Rapidly growing research in urban heritage studies highlights the significance of incorporating participatory approaches in urban transformation projects. And yet, participation tends to be limited, including only certain segments of the population. It is also acknowledged that cities are ‘dynamic’ and ‘complex’ systems. However, there is extremely limited research that captures the dynamic transformation mechanisms in historic urban environments. This paper aims to illustrate a novel, mixed-method and dynamic approach to unfold the dynamics of urban heritage areas. We do so by focusing on the historic area of Woolwich, a South-East suburb in London, UK. To do so, we apply ‘critical system dynamics’ for the analysis of a mixed dataset which incorporates architectural surveys, interviews, online surveys, social media data and visual observations of material change through light archaeology. Within the framework of ‘deep cities’, the article argues that the transformation of a place is a complex process that can be captured not only based on ‘what we see’ but also on ‘what we cannot see’. In other words, the invisible (values, emotions, and senses) is as significant as the visible. This is of paramount importance as most urban planning policies tend to be based on material, visible remains and less on the spirit or soul of a place.
Predicting Bone Adaptation in Astronauts during and after Spaceflight
Authors: Kemp Tannis D. , Besler Bryce A. , Gabel Leigh , Boyd Steven K.
Published: November 2023

A method was previously developed to identify participant-specific parameters in a model of trabecular bone adaptation from longitudinal computed tomography (CT) imaging. In this study, we use these numerical methods to estimate changes in astronaut bone health during the distinct phases of spaceflight and recovery on Earth. Astronauts (N = 16) received high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT (HR-pQCT) scans of their distal tibia prior to launch (L), upon their return from an approximately six-month stay on the international space station (R+0), and after six (R+6) and 12 (R+12) months of recovery. To model trabecular bone adaptation, we determined participant-specific parameters at each time interval and estimated their bone structure at R+0, R+6, and R+12. To assess the fit of our model to this population, we compared static and dynamic bone morphometry as well as the Dice coefficient and symmetric distance at each measurement. In general, modeled and observed static morphometry were highly correlated (R2> 0.94) and statistically different (p < 0.0001) but with errors close to HR-pQCT precision limits. Dynamic morphometry, which captures rates of bone adaptation, was poorly estimated by our model (p < 0.0001). The Dice coefficient and symmetric distance indicated a reasonable local fit between observed and predicted bone volumes. This work applies a general and versatile computational framework to test bone adaptation models. Future work can explore and test increasingly sophisticated models (e.g., those including load or physiological factors) on a participant-specific basis.
Efficacy and Safety of Treatment with Plasma from COVID-19-Recovered Individuals
Authors: Terada Mari , Saito Sho , Kutsuna Satoshi , Kinoshita-Iwamoto Noriko , Togano Tomiteru , Hangaishi Akira , Shiratori Katsuyuki , Takamatsu Yuki , Maeda Kenji , Ishizaka Yukihito , Ohtsu Hiroshi , Satake Masahiro , Mitsuya Hiroaki , Ohmagari Norio
Published: November 2023

Convalescent plasma therapy, which involves administering plasma from recovered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients to infected individuals, is being explored as a potential treatment for severe cases of COVID-19. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma therapy in COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe illness. An open-label, single-arm intervention study was conducted without a control group. Plasma collected from recovered COVID-19 patients was administered to eligible participants. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who were placed on artificial ventilation or died within 14 days of transfusion. Secondary endpoints included clinical improvement, viral load measurements, and adverse event monitoring. A total of 59 cases were included in the study. The primary endpoint was evaluated by comparing the rate obtained in the study to an existing rate of 25%. The study also assessed clinical improvement, viral load changes, and safety endpoints through adverse event monitoring. Convalescent plasma therapy shows potential as a treatment option for COVID-19. This study aimed to provide evidence for the efficacy and safety of this therapy and may contribute to its future use in treating severe cases of COVID-19.
Bionic Design and Optimization of the Wear-Resistant Structure of Piston Rings in Internal Combustion Engines
Authors: Tian Weijun , Zhang Jinhua , Zhou Kuiyue , Chen Zhu , Shen Ziteng , Yang Xiaobin , Cong Qian
Published: November 2023

Internal combustion engines, during their operation, subject the piston to high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, requiring it to endure intense, continuous reciprocating motion. This strenuous process leads to significant wear and tear. Among the engine’s crucial components, the piston ring plays a pivotal role but is particularly susceptible to wear. Therefore, extensive research has been devoted to investigating the wear of piston rings, a critical sealing component within internal combustion engines. To address the high cost of existing coating methods, which hinders widespread application, we propose a bionic design approach inspired by groove structures observed on earthworm bodies, aimed at enhancing the wear resistance of piston rings. Bionic piston rings featuring optimally designed groove structures inspired by the earthworm’s anatomy were designed. These rings exhibited varying groove depths (1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm), groove widths (0.1 mm, 0.3 mm, and 0.5 mm), and groove spacings (0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, and 0.3 mm). We conducted thermal–structural coupling analyses on both standard piston rings and these bionic counterparts. The results revealed that the maximum stress was concentrated at the first piston ring, precisely at the opposing region of the end gap. Thus, the initial piston ring endured the primary frictional losses. Moreover, a comparison of stress levels between bionic rings and the standard ring revealed that the bionic groove structure substantially reduced stress and minimized stress concentration, thus enhancing wear resistance. Groove width had the most notable influence on wear performance, followed by groove depth and groove spacing. Optimal wear resistance was achieved when the groove depth was 3 mm, groove width was 0.1 mm, and groove spacing was 0.1 mm. Subsequently, we constructed a piston ring friction test bench to validate the wear resistance of the most effective piston ring. The results indicated that the wear resistance of the bionic piston ring exceeded that of the standard piston ring by up to 19.627%. Therefore, incorporating a bionic groove structure within the piston ring can effectively reduce surface friction and enhance wear resistance. This, in turn, can enhance the operational lifespan of internal combustion engines under favorable working conditions.
A Toolpath Planning Method for Optical Freeform Surface Ultra-Precision Turning Based on NURBS Surface Curvature
Authors: Wang Xuchu , Bai Qingshun , Gao Siyu , Zhao Liang , Cheng Kai
Published: November 2023

As the applications for freeform optical surfaces continue to grow, the need for high-precision machining methods is becoming more and more of a necessity. Different toolpath strategies for the ultra-high precision turning of freeform surfaces can have a significant impact on the quality of the machined surfaces. This paper presents a novel toolpath planning method for ultra-precision slow tool servo diamond turning based on the curvature of freeform surfaces. The method analyzes the differential geometric properties of freeform surfaces by reconstructing NURBS freeform surfaces. A mathematical model is constructed based on the parameters of different positions of the freeform surface, toolpath parameters, and tool residual height. Appropriate toolpath parameters can be calculated to generate the optical freeform ultra-precision slow tool servo diamond turning toolpath. Compared with the toolpaths generated by the traditional Archimedes spiral method, the ultra-precision slow tool servo diamond turning toolpath planning method proposed in this paper can generate more uniform toolpaths on the freeform surfaces and keep the residual tool height within a small range.
Enhanced Genetic Method for Optimizing Multiple Sequence Alignment
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammed K. , Yusof Umi Kalsom , Eisa Taiseer Abdalla Elfadil , Nasser Maged
Published: November 2023

In the realm of bioinformatics, Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA) is a pivotal technique used to optimize the alignment of multiple biological sequences, guided by specific scoring criteria. Existing approaches addressing the MSA challenge tend to specialize in distinct biological features, leading to variability in alignment outcomes for the same set of sequences. Consequently, this paper proposes an enhanced evolutionary-based approach that simplifies the sequence alignment problem without considering the sequences in the non-dominated solution. Our method employs a multi-objective optimization technique that uniquely excludes non-dominated solution sets, effectively mitigating computational complexities. Utilizing the Sum of Pairs and the Total Conserved Column as primary objective functions, our approach offers a novel perspective. We adopt an integer coding approach to enhance the computational efficiency, representing chromosomes with sets of integers during the alignment process. Using the SABmark and BAliBASE datasets, extensive experimentation is conducted to compare our method with existing ones. The results affirm the superior solution quality achieved by our approach compared to its predecessors. Furthermore, via the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, a statistical analysis underscores the statistical significance of our model’s improvement (p < 0.05). This comprehensive approach holds promise for advancing Multiple Sequence Alignment in bioinformatics.
Analysis of a Ferromagnetic Nanofluid Saturating a Porous Medium with Nield’s Boundary Conditions
Authors: Elboughdiri Noureddine , Dharmaiah Gurram , Prasad Jupudi Lakshmi Rama , Rani Chagarlamudi Baby , Venkatadri Kothuru , Ghernaout Djamel , Wakif Abderrahim , Benguerba Yacine
Published: November 2023

This research delves into the intricacies of a two-dimensional, steady flow of a ferrofluid within a porous medium, where the thermal conductivity is subject to temperature variations. The study encompasses the influence of magnetic dipoles, radiation, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis phenomena as they interact with a stretching sheet. A novel aspect of this investigation is the detailed analysis of Brownian and thermophoresis effects on nanoparticles while considering Nield’s boundary conditions. The study involves the transformation of flow equations into ordinary differential equations through standard similarity transformations, unraveling the governing equations using the BVP4C method. The outcomes are presented graphically, providing a comprehensive assessment of the factors impacting the fluid properties, including velocity, temperature, and concentration. Notably, this study reveals that an increase in the ferrofluid parameter leads to elevated temperature profiles while causing a decrease in velocity. Furthermore, an increase in the viscosity parameter is associated with a reduction in velocity. Some technological applications of the problem include magnetically controlled actuation and drug targeting.
Insider Trading with Semi-Informed Traders and Information Sharing: The Stackelberg Game
Authors: Daher Wassim , Karam Fida , Ahmed Naveed
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a financial Stackelberg game model with two partially informed risk neutral insiders. Each insider receives a private signal about the stock value and competes with the other insider under a Stackelberg setting. Linear strategies for the game’s participants are considered and normal distributions for the fundamentals are assumed. Based on the Stackelberg game and the Backward Induction theory, the unique linear equilibrium is characterized. The findings reveal that the level of partial information might increase/decrease the insiders’ profits as well as the market parameter in the Stackelberg setting relative to the Cournot setting. Additionally, this paper considers the information sharing scenario between the two insiders competing in this Stackelberg game. The results show that multiple equilibria exist in contrast to the information sharing scenario in the Cournot game where the Nash equilibrium is unique.
Gradual OCR: An Effective OCR Approach Based on Gradual Detection of Texts
Authors: Park Youngki , Shin Youhyun
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we present a novel approach to optical character recognition that incorporates various supplementary techniques, including the gradual detection of texts and gradual filtering of inaccurately recognized texts. To minimize false negatives, we attempt to detect all text by incrementally lowering the relevant thresholds. To mitigate false positives, we implement a novel filtering method that dynamically adjusts based on the confidence levels of recognized texts and their corresponding detection thresholds. Additionally, we use straightforward yet effective strategies to enhance the optical character recognition accuracy and speed, such as upscaling, link refinement, perspective transformation, the merging of cropped images, and simple autoregression. Given our focus on Korean chart data, we compile a mix of real-world and artificial Korean chart datasets for experimentation. Our experimental results show that our approach outperforms Tesseract by approximately 7 to 15 times and EasyOCR by 3 to 5 times in accuracy, as measured using a Jaccard similarity-based error rate on our datasets.
Analysis of a Multi-Server Queue with Group Service and Service Time Dependent on the Size of a Group as a Model of a Delivery System
Authors: Dudin Sergei , Dudina Olga
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we consider a multi-server queue with a finite buffer. Request arrivals are defined by the Markov arrival process. Service is provided to groups of requests. The minimal and maximal group sizes are fixed. The service time of a group has a phase-type distribution with an irreducible representation depending on the size of the group. The requests are impatient. The patience time for an arbitrary request has an exponential distribution. After this time expires, the request is lost if all servers are busy or, if some server is idle, with a certain probability, all requests staying in the buffer start their service even if their number is below the required minimum. The behavior of the system is described by a multi-dimensional continuous-time Markov chain that does not belong to the class of level-independent quasi-birth-and-death processes. The algorithm for the computation of the stationary distribution of this chain is presented, and expressions for the computation of the queuing system’s performance characteristics are derived. The description of a delivery system operation in terms of the analyzed queuing model is given, and the problem of the optimization of its operation is numerically solved. Multi-server queues with a phase-type distribution for the group service time that are dependent on the size of the group, the account of request impatience, and the correlated arrival process have not previously been analyzed in the existing literature. However, they represent a precise model of many real-world objects, including delivery systems.
Statistical Modeling of High Frequency Datasets Using the ARIMA-ANN Hybrid
Authors: Alshawarbeh Etaf , Abdulrahman Alanazi Talal , Hussam Eslam
Published: November 2023

The core objective of this work is to predict stock market indices’ using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), artificial neural network (ANN) and their combination in the form of ARIMA-ANN. Financial data are, in fact, trendy, noisy and highly volatile. To tackle their chaotic nature and forecast the three considered stock markets, namely Nasdaq stock exchange, United States, Nikkei stock exchange, Japan, and France stock exchange data (CAC 40 index), we use novel approaches. The data are taken from the Yahoo Finance website for the period from 4 January 2010 to 20 August 2021. To assess the relative predictive effectiveness of the selected tools, the dataset was divided into two distinct subsets: 75% of the data was allocated for training purposes, while the remaining 25% was reserved for testing. The empirical results suggest that ARIMA-ANN produces more accurate forecasts than the separate components of all stock markets. In light of this, it may be inferred that the combining tool is more effective in analyzing financial data and provides a more accurate comparative prediction.
Fuzzy Evaluation Model of Machining Process Loss
Authors: Chen Kuen-Suan , Huang Tsun-Hung , Lin Jin-Shyong , Yu Chun-Min , Yang Chun-Ming
Published: November 2023

In facing the many negative impacts of global warming on the earth’s environment, the machining industry must reduce the rates of product rework and scrap in the manufacturing process by enhancing the process quality of the processed product. According to the concept of the Taguchi loss function, the closer the measured value of the processed product is to the target value T, then the longer the mean time between failures (MTBF) of the product. Clearly, raising the process quality of the processed product can effect energy saving and waste reduction during production and sales, which can help enterprises fulfill their corporate social responsibilities. On the basis of the Taguchi loss function, this study used the process expected loss to evaluate the process loss. Next, the process expected loss was used as an evaluation index, in which the accuracy index and the precision index can help the machining industry find the direction for improvement. Additionally, this study first derived a confidence interval of the process expected loss. Then, it was built on the confidence interval, and a confidence interval-based fuzzy test was developed for the process expected loss. Finally, an empirical example was adopted to explain the application of the fuzzy evaluation model of the machining process proposed in this paper.
Sterilized Polyhexanide-Releasing Chitosan Membranes with Potential for Use in Antimicrobial Wound Dressings
Authors: Vaz Luís M. , Branco Rita , Morais Paula V. , Guiomar António Jorge
Published: November 2023

Wound infection is a common complication of chronic wounds. It can impair healing, which may not occur without external help. Antimicrobial dressings (AMDs) are a type of external help to infected chronic wounds. In this study, highly porous membranes made of only chitosan and containing the antiseptic polyhexanide (poly(hexamethylene biguanide); PHMB) were prepared by cryogelation, aiming to be used in AMDs. These membranes exhibited a water swelling capacity of 748%, a water drop penetration time of 11 s in a dry membrane and a water vapor transmission rate of 34,400 g H2O/m2/24 h when in contact with water. The best drug loading method involved simultaneous loading by soaking in a PHMB solution and sterilization by autoclaving, resulting in sterilized, drug-loaded membranes. When these membranes and a commercial PHMB-releasing AMD were assayed under the same conditions, albeit far from the in vivo conditions, their drug release kinetics were comparable, releasing PHMB for ca. 6 and 4 h, respectively. These membranes exhibited high antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are bacterial species commonly found in infected wounds and blood clotting activity. The obtained results suggest that these membranes may have potential for use in the development of AMDs.
Fast Gold Recovery from Aqueous Solutions and Assessment of Antimicrobial Activities of Novel Gold Composite
Authors: Tadić Tamara , Marković Bojana , Vuković Zorica , Stefanov Plamen , Maksin Danijela , Nastasović Aleksandra , Onjia Antonije
Published: November 2023

A novel porous gold polymer composite was prepared by the functionalization of a glycidyl methacrylate-based copolymer (pGME) with ethylene diamine (pGME-en), and activation by gold (pGME-en/Au), in a simple batch adsorption procedure in an acid solution, at room temperature. Detailed characterization of the pGME-en before and after activation was performed. The main focuses of this research were the design of a method that can enable the recovery of gold and the reuse of this multipurpose sorbent as an antimicrobial agent. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis pointed out amine groups as the primary binding sites for Au activation, while hydroxyl groups also contributed to the chelation reaction. pGME-en exhibited fast gold adsorption with an adsorption half-time of 5 min and an equilibrium time of 30 min. The maximal adsorption capacity was about 187 mg/g. The analysis of sorption experimental data with a non-linear surface reaction and diffusion-based kinetic models revealed the pseudo-second-order and Avrami model as the best fit, with unambiguous control by liquid film and intra-particle diffusion. The biological activity studies against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans revealed moderate activity of pGME-en/Au against different bacterial and fungal species. pGME-en/Au was stable in a saline solution, with a release of approximately 2.3 mg/g after 24 h.
Hydrogen Production Properties of Aluminum–Magnesium Alloy Presenting β-Phase Al3Mg2
Authors: Cuzacq Laurent , Polido Chloé , Silvain Jean-François , Bobet Jean-Louis
Published: November 2023

In this study, aluminum–magnesium (Al-Mg) bulk porous materials were fabricated by using uniaxial hot pressing to control the porosity rate of the material over a wide range (up to 50%). The fabricated materials were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrated the appearance of intermetallic (IM) phase Al3Mg2, and its quantity increased with the applied pressure. In the context of the decline of global fossil fuel reserves, the revalorization of these materials by hydrogen (H2) production was investigated. Hydrolysis of the Al-Mg materials was carried out in a simulated seawater solution (aqueous solution of sodium chloride 35 g/L). The results showed the role of the porosity rate in the H2 production properties of the fabricated materials; the increase of porosity rate from 10% to 50% cuts the reaction time in half. Finally, the role of IM phase Al3Mg2 in H2 production was highlighted through galvanic coupling.
The Metabolite Profiling of Aspergillus fumigatus KMM4631 and Its Co-Cultures with Other Marine Fungi
Authors: Yurchenko Anton N. , Nesterenko Liliana E. , Popov Roman S. , Kirichuk Natalya N. , Chausova Viktoria E. , Chingizova Ekaterina A. , Isaeva Marina P. , Yurchenko Ekaterina A.
Published: November 2023

An Aspergillus fumigatus KMM 4631 strain was previously isolated from a Pacific soft coral Sinularia sp. sample and was found to be a source of a number of bioactive secondary metabolites. The aims of this work are the confirmation of this strain’ identification based on ITS, BenA, CaM, and RPB2 regions/gene sequences and the investigation of secondary metabolite profiles of Aspergillus fumigatus KMM 4631 culture and its co-cultures with Penicillium hispanicum KMM 4689, Amphichorda sp. KMM 4639, Penicillium sp. KMM 4672, and Asteromyces cruciatus KMM 4696 from the Collection of Marine Microorganisms (PIBOC FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia). Moreover, the DPPH-radical scavenging activity, urease inhibition, and cytotoxicity of joint fungal cultures’ extracts on HepG2 cells were tested. The detailed UPLC MS qTOF investigation resulted in the identification and annotation of indolediketopiperazine, quinazoline, and tryptoquivaline-related alkaloids as well as a number of polyketides (totally 20 compounds) in the extract of Aspergillus fumigatus KMM 4631. The metabolite profiles of the co-cultures of A. fumigatus with Penicillium hispanicum, Penicillium sp., and Amphichorda sp. were similar to those of Penicillium hispanicum, Penicillium sp., and Amphichorda sp. monocultures. The metabolite profile of the co-culture of A. fumigatus with Asteromyces cruciatus differed from that of each monoculture and may be more promising for the isolation of new compounds.
Matrix Selection for the Visualization of Small Molecules and Lipids in Brain Tumors Using Untargeted MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Imaging
Authors: Lu Tianyao , Freytag Lutz , Narayana Vinod K. , Moore Zachery , Oliver Shannon J. , Valkovic Adam , Nijagal Brunda , Peterson Amanda L. , de Souza David P. , McConville Malcolm J. , Whittle James R. , Best Sarah A. , Freytag Saskia
Published: November 2023

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging allows for the study of metabolic activity in the tumor microenvironment of brain cancers. The detectable metabolites within these tumors are contingent upon the choice of matrix, deposition technique, and polarity setting. In this study, we compared the performance of three different matrices, two deposition techniques, and the use of positive and negative polarity in two different brain cancer types and across two species. Optimal combinations were confirmed by a comparative analysis of lipid and small-molecule abundance by using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and RNA sequencing to assess differential metabolites and enzymes between normal and tumor regions. Our findings indicate that in the tumor-bearing brain, the recrystallized α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid matrix with positive polarity offered superior performance for both detected metabolites and consistency with other techniques. Beyond these implications for brain cancer, our work establishes a workflow to identify optimal matrices for spatial metabolomics studies.
Tunable Visible Light and Energy Transfer Mechanism in Tm3+ and Silver Nanoclusters within Co-Doped GeO2-PbO Glasses
Authors: Nishimura Marcos Vinicius de Morais , Amaro Augusto Anselmo , Bordon Camila Dias da Silva , Dipold Jessica , Wetter Niklaus Ursus , Kassab Luciana Reyes Pires
Published: November 2023

This study introduces a novel method for producing Ag nanoclusters (NCs) within GeO2-PbO glasses doped with Tm3+ ions. Sample preparation involved the melt-quenching method, employing adequate heat treatment to facilitate Ag NC formation. Absorption spectroscopy confirmed trivalent rare-earth ion incorporation. Ag NC identification and the amorphous structure were observed using transmission electron microscopy. A tunable visible emission from blue to the yellow region was observed. The energy transfer mechanism from Ag NCs to Tm3+ ions was demonstrated by enhanced 800 nm emission under 380 and 400 nm excitations, mainly for samples with a higher concentration of Ag NCs; moreover, the long lifetime decrease of Ag NCs at 600 nm (excited at 380 and 400 nm) and the lifetime increase of Tm3+ ions at 800 nm (excitation of 405 nm) corroborated the energy transfer between those species. Therefore, we attribute this energy transfer mechanism to the decay processes from S1→T1 and T1→S0 levels of Ag NCs to the 3H4 level of Tm3+ ions serving as the primary path of energy transfer in this system. GeO2-PbO glasses demonstrated potential as materials to host Ag NCs with applications for photonics as solar cell coatings, wideband light sources, and continuous-wave tunable lasers in the visible spectrum, among others.
Application of High-Resolution Aeromagnetic and Gamma-ray Spectrometry Surveys for Litho-Structural Mapping in Southwest China
Authors: Liao Guixiang , Li Yongbo , Xi Yongzai , Lu Ning , Wu Shan
Published: November 2023

Airborne geophysical surveys serve as an effective tool for litho-structural mapping, providing extensive and high-resolution underground information. They offer vital data support for the interpretation and analysis of lithologies and structures, complementing surface geological mapping. In the study area of the Nanpanjiang-Youjiang metallogenic belt in southeast China, we obtained high-resolution aeromagnetic and gamma-ray spectrometry data covering an area of approximately 27,000 km2, which facilitated the conduct of litho-structural mapping. The total magnetic intensity, reduction to the pole, and directional derivative maps generated from the aeromagnetic data, efficiently identified concealed rocks and faults. Additionally, the total count, potassium, thorium to potassium ratio, and ternary maps generated from the airborne gamma-ray spectrometry data demonstrated advantages in distinguishing carbonate rocks from clastic rocks. They also provided more comprehensive geological information, refining the structural strike and location interpreted by the aeromagnetic data. The litho-structural map produced in this study significantly contributes to our understanding of the structures in the Nanpanjiang area and offers valuable guidance for successful mineral exploration endeavors.
Geochemistry and Zircon U–Pb Geochronology of the Wugongshan Granites in the Northwestern Jiangxi Area, China: Implications for the Paleozoic Tectonic Development of South China
Authors: Yang Guangqin , Zhang Yaoyao , Liu Kai , Zhou Yi , Wang Shuxun , Huo Hailong
Published: November 2023

The properties of the Caledonian orogeny along the transition belt of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks have received much attention in recent years. The widespread Early Paleozoic granites provide critical geological clues for unraveling the tectonic evolution and geodynamic processes of the South China Continent (SCC). Here we present new zircon U–Pb chronology, whole-rock major and trace elements, in situ Hf isotopes for Paleozoic granites, i.e., the Wugongshan granites in the northwest Jiangxi province, and aim to explore the magmatism and properties of the Caledonian orogeny involved in their formation. Our new data show that the Wugongshan granites were emplaced during the Early Silurian Period (442–438 Ma). The Paleozoic Wugongshan granites belong to S-type muscovite-bearing peraluminous granites (MPG) and show a single origin. The Wugongshan granites exhibit negative εHf(t) values (−11.56 to −6.19) and TDM2 model ages of 2148–1809 Ma, indicating their derivation from an ancient crustal source, through partial melting of ancient crustal material. The Wugongshan granitic magmatism is probably being generated in an extensional environment related to an intracontinental orogeny setting. It is inferred that the Paleozoic tectonic–magmatic event in the Wugongshan area was associated with the oceanic–continental convergence of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. The Wugongshan granites highlight the intracontinental magmatism in the Early Paleozoic orogeny in the SCC.
Development of Decorative Mortars with Pigments from Acid Mine Drainage: Analysis of Physical and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Lermen Richard Thomas , Orlando Gabriela de Oliveira , Silva Rodrigo de Almeida
Published: November 2023

The construction industry is recognized for its high consumption of natural resources, resulting in significant environmental impacts. Given this reality, it is essential to seek new methods and solutions that minimize the impact of this activity on the environment. An innovative approach consists of using pigments derived from acid mine drainage (AMD) as a sustainable alternative in the production of mortar for decorative façade cladding. In this context, the main objective of this paper was to evaluate the physical/mechanical properties of decorative mortars developed by partially replacing natural sand with pigment from acid mine drainage. Initially, the pigment (yellow) was produced, characterized, and compared with a commercial pigment. Sequentially, decorative mortars were developed with different pigment concentrations (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%). The mortars were subjected to compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, shrinkage, loss of mass, and colorimetry tests. The results showed that compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, weight loss, and dimensional variation were significantly affected by the partial addition of pigment to replace natural aggregate. In other words, there was a decrease in strength and an increase in mass loss and expansion of the mortars. However, the main factor influencing these variables was the greater amount of water added in the higher substitution cases. The addition of water was necessary to keep the consistency constant. A possible solution to maintain the same amount of water and avoid negative effects on the mortar properties would be to use additives in the mortar formulation in future work. Therefore, this research contributes to the search for more sustainable solutions in civil construction, exploring the use of pigments from AMD as a viable alternative to reduce the environmental impacts associated with this industry.
Zaluzanin C Alleviates Inflammation and Lipid Accumulation in Kupffer Cells and Hepatocytes by Regulating Mitochondrial ROS
Authors: Jung Ji-Won , Wang Feng , Turk Ayman , Park Jeong-Su , Ma Hwan , Ma Yuanqiang , Noh Hye-Rin , Sui Guoyan , Shin Dong-Su , Lee Mi-Kyeong , Roh Yoon Seok
Published: November 2023

Zaluzanin C (ZC), a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Laurus nobilis L., has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, the mechanistic role of ZC in its protective effects in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes has not been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the efficacy and mechanism of action of ZC in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes. ZC inhibited LPS-induced mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production and subsequent mtROS-mediated NF-κB activity in Kupffer cells (KCs). ZC reduced mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Il1b and Tnfa) and chemokines (Ccl2, Ccl3, Ccl4, Cxcl2 and Cxcl9). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced hepatocyte mtROS production was inhibited by ZC. ZC was effective in alleviating mtROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. ZC enhanced mitophagy and increased mRNA levels of fatty acid oxidation genes (Pparα, Cpt1, Acadm and Hadha) and mitochondrial biosynthetic factors (Pgc1α, Tfam, Nrf1 and Nrf2) in hepatocytes. ZC has proven its anti-lipid effect by improving lipid accumulation in hepatocytes by enhancing mitochondrial function to facilitate lipid metabolism. Therefore, our study suggests that ZC may be an effective compound for hepatoprotection by suppressing inflammation and lipid accumulation through regulating mtROS.
Phosphorus Chemistry at the Roots of Bioenergetics: Ligand Permutation as the Molecular Basis of the Mechanism of ATP Synthesis/Hydrolysis by FOF1-ATP Synthase
Authors: Nath Sunil
Published: November 2023

The integration of phosphorus chemistry with the mechanism of ATP synthesis/hydrolysis requires dynamical information during ATP turnover and catalysis. Oxygen exchange reactions occurring at β-catalytic sites of the FOF1-ATP synthase/F1-ATPase imprint a unique record of molecular events during the catalytic cycle of ATP synthesis/hydrolysis. They have been shown to provide valuable time-resolved information on enzyme catalysis during ATP synthesis and ATP hydrolysis. The present work conducts new experiments on oxygen exchange catalyzed by submitochondrial particles designed to (i) measure the relative rates of Pi–ATP, Pi–HOH, and ATP–HOH isotope exchanges; (ii) probe the effect of ADP removal on the extent of inhibition of the exchanges, and (iii) test their uncoupler sensitivity/resistance. The objectives have been realized based on new experiments on submitochondrial particles, which show that both the Pi–HOH and ATP–HOH exchanges occur at a considerably higher rate relative to the Pi–ATP exchange, an observation that cannot be explained by previous mechanisms. A unifying explanation of the kinetic data that rationalizes these observations is given. The experimental results in (ii) show that ADP removal does not inhibit the intermediate Pi–HOH exchange when ATP and submitochondrial particles are incubated, and that the nucleotide requirement of the intermediate Pi–HOH exchange is adequately met by ATP, but not by ADP. These results contradicts the central postulate in Boyer’s binding change mechanism of reversible catalysis at a F1 catalytic site with Keq~1 that predicts an absolute requirement of ADP for the occurrence of the Pi–HOH exchange. The prominent intermediate Pi–HOH exchange occurring under hydrolytic conditions is shown to be best explained by Nath’s torsional mechanism of energy transduction and ATP synthesis/hydrolysis, which postulates an essentially irreversible cleavage of ATP by mitochondria/particles, independent from a reversible formation of ATP from ADP and Pi. The explanation within the torsional mechanism is also shown to rationalize the relative insensitivity of the intermediate Pi–HOH exchange to uncouplers observed in the experiments in (iii) compared to the Pi–ATP and ATP–HOH exchanges. This is shown to lead to new concepts and perspectives based on ligand displacement/substitution and ligand permutation for the elucidation of the oxygen exchange reactions within the framework of fundamental phosphorus chemistry. Fast mechanisms that realize the rotation/twist, tilt, permutation and switch of ligands, as well as inversion at the γ-phosphorus synchronously and simultaneously and in a concerted manner, have been proposed, and their stereochemical consequences have been analyzed. These considerations take us beyond the binding change mechanism of ATP synthesis/hydrolysis in bioenergetics.
Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles from the Leaves of Aegle marmelos and Their Antimicrobial Activity and Photocatalytic Activities
Authors: Ali Syed Ghazanfar , Haseen Uzma , Jalal Mohammad , Khan Rais Ahmad , Alsalme Ali , Ahmad Hilal , Khan Haris Manzoor
Published: November 2023

The leaves of the Aegle marmelos plant were used for the green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles and further characterized by different techniques, including (Ultra Violet-Visible) UV-Vis, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The UV-Vis showed a peak at 330 nm, which may be due to the Surface Plasmon Resonance phenomenon. XRD analysis showed the crystalline nature of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). In contrast, SEM showed that nanoparticles were not aggregated or clumped, EDX showed the presence of elemental copper., and further, the TEM analysis revealed the average particle size of copper oxide nanoparticles to be 32 nm. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcusaureus (S. aureus) was found to be 400 µg/mL, whereas for Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Candida dubliniensis (C. dubliniensis) it was 800 µg/mL. The zone of inhibition in the well diffusion assay showed the antimicrobial activity of copper oxide nanoparticles, and it also showed that as the concentration of copper oxide nanoparticles increased, the zone of inhibition also increased. Further, the electron microscopic view of the interaction between copper oxide nanoparticles and C. albicans cells showed that CuO NPs were internalized and attached to the cell membrane, which caused changes in the cellular structure and caused deformities which eventually led to cell death. The prepared CuO NPs showed significant photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes in the presence of sunlight.
Exploring the Influence of P3HT on PTCA Crystallization and Phase Behavior in Thin Films
Authors: Kumari Pallavi , Hajduk Barbara , Bednarski Henryk , Jarka Paweł , Janeczek Henryk , Łapkowski Mieczysław
Published: November 2023

The thermal properties and alignment of crystallinity of materials in thin films play crucial roles in the performance and reliability of various devices, especially in the fields of electronics, materials science, and engineering. The slight variations in the molecular packing of the active layer can make considerable differences in the optical and thermal properties. Herein, we aim to investigate the tuning of the physical properties of a blended thin film of n-type small organic molecules of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid (PTCA-SMs) with the mixing of the p-type polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). The resulting thin films exhibit an enhanced surface crystallinity compared to the pristine material, leading to the formation of long crystallites, and these crystallites are thermally stable in the solid state, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and thermal analysis using variable-temperature spectroscopic ellipsometry (VTSE) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). We believe that the crystalline structure of the obtained P3HT/PTCA-SMs blends is a combination of edge-on and face-on orientations, which enable the potential use of this material as an active layer in organic electronics.
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Their Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Zúñiga-Miranda Johana , Guerra Julio , Mueller Alexander , Mayorga-Ramos Arianna , Carrera-Pacheco Saskya E. , Barba-Ostria Carlos , Heredia-Moya Jorge , Guamán Linda P.
Published: November 2023

The rise of antimicrobial resistance caused by inappropriate use of these agents in various settings has become a global health threat. Nanotechnology offers the potential for the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) with antimicrobial activity, such as iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). The use of IONPs is a promising way to overcome antimicrobial resistance or pathogenicity because of their ability to interact with several biological molecules and to inhibit microbial growth. In this review, we outline the pivotal findings over the past decade concerning methods for the green synthesis of IONPs using bacteria, fungi, plants, and organic waste. Subsequently, we delve into the primary challenges encountered in green synthesis utilizing diverse organisms and organic materials. Furthermore, we compile the most common methods employed for the characterization of these IONPs. To conclude, we highlight the applications of these IONPs as promising antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and antiviral agents.
Ni Nanoparticles on the Reduced Graphene Oxide Surface Synthesized in Supercritical Isopropanol
Authors: Ioni Yulia , Popova Anna , Maksimov Sergey , Kozerozhets Irina
Published: November 2023

Nanocomposites based on ferromagnetic nickel nanoparticles and graphene-related materials are actively used in various practical applications such as catalysis, sensors, sorption, etc. Therefore, maintaining their dispersity and homogeneity during deposition onto the reduced graphene oxide substrate surface is of crucial importance to provide the required product characteristics. This paper demonstrates a new, reproducible method for preparing a tailored composite based on nickel nanoparticles on the reduced graphene oxide surface using supercritical isopropanol treatment. It has been shown that when a graphene oxide film with previously incorporated Ni2+ salt is treated with isopropanol at supercritical conditions, nickel (2+) is reduced to Ni (0), with simultaneous deoxygenation of the graphene oxide substrate. The resulting composite is a solid film exhibiting magnetic properties. XRD, FTIR, Raman, TEM, and HRTEM methods were used to study all the obtained materials. It was shown that nickel nanoparticles on the surface of the reduced graphene oxide had an average diameter of 27 nm and were gradually distributed on the surface of reduced graphene oxide sheets. The data obtained allowed us to conduct a reconnaissance discussion of the mechanism of composite fabrication in supercritical isopropanol.
A Posteriori Dietary Patterns and Coronary Artery Disease in a Greek Case–Control Study
Authors: Dimitriou Maria , Kalafati Ioanna Panagiota , Rallidis Loukianos S. , Kolovou Genovefa , Dedoussis George V.
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Diet is one of the most important modifiable risk factors associated with cardiovascular health (CH). Research identifying dietary patterns (DPs) through data-driven analysis and reporting associations between DPs and coronary artery disease (CAD) outcomes is rather limited. Objective: The aim of the present report was to generate DPs through factor analysis (FA) and to examine their association with CAD risk. Methods: Participants (n = 1017) consisted of cases diagnosed with CAD (n = 356) and controls (n = 661) drawn from the THISEAS study. Demographic, anthropometric and lifestyle data were collected. Dietary components were generated through FA. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate CAD relative risks. Results: FA generated seven dietary components, explaining 53.5% of the total variation in intake. The Western-type DP showed a modest significant association with CAD risk, after controlling for confounders (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.09–1.32, p < 0.001). The vegetarian-type DP was not significantly associated with the likelihood of CAD (OR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.84–1.04, p = 0.259). Discussion: The Western-type DP was positively associated with CAD risk and the odds were further increased after controlling for confounders. This finding is in concordance with previously reported positive associations between Western patterns and CAD risk. Limited data exist regarding a posteriori DPs and their effect on CAD risk.
Improving Patient Experience through Meaningful Engagement: The Oral Health Patient’s Journey
Authors: Chakaipa Shamiso , Prior Sarah J. , Pearson Sue , van Dam Pieter J.
Published: November 2023

Healthcare organisations around the world have embraced the valuable role that patient experience plays in the improvement of health care delivery. Engaging with patients is a vital component of understanding how to deliver safe, high-quality, respectful health care that is person-centred and efficient. In oral health services, patient experience is historically predominantly reported as challenging, which is most commonly associated with past traumatic experience with poor oral health treatment. Additionally, the high out-of-pocket costs associated with oral health treatment can mean that people disengage with these services, thereby worsening their oral health conditions. Consequently, oral health has an enormous task to reduce the negative perceptions and experiences. This demands innovative and subtle ways to navigate and address patient and service challenges. Exploring and acknowledging the myriad of historical challenges that exist for oral health patients and utilising these experiences to support change will ensure person-centred improvements are designed and implemented. Therefore, this perspective paper defines patient experience and proposes how oral health patient experience can be improved using the concept of meaningful engagement with a focus on the Australian context. We identified two important concepts that impact oral health patient experience and explored how these concepts may play a role in improving oral health services through improved patient experience. The first concept is person, patient, and user which focusses on general patient experience journey in a general health care setting. The second concept is preservice, current service, and post service which relates to an oral health patient’s experience journey in an oral health service setting. Our findings suggest that the practitioner–patient relationship and use of technology are central to patient engagement to improve patient experience.