bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of microstructure phenomena during manufacture of polycrystalline Ni-based superalloys
Authors: Galpin Samuel J.
Published: May 2022

The effects of manufacturing conditions on the microstructure evolution of Ni-based superalloys are poorly understood, and the interchangeable terminology to describe some microstructure phenomena is inconsistent. This critical review aimed to address these issues through the discussion of seven microstructure phenomena that occur during thermomechanical processing of safety-critical components used in jet engines. Each phenomenon is outlined with reference to grain nucleation and growth mechanisms, as well as processing conditions under which they are observed. The processing conditions where each phenomenon dominates are visualised through a series of contour plots. Through this graphical representation, gaps of understanding in microstructure evolution were identified and accompanied by recommendations for areas of further study.
Efficacy of think-aloud strategy on the cocktail party effect of pupils with auditory processing disorders
Authors: Adewunmi Abiodun T. , Olusanya Oluwatobi A. , Amosun Moses D. , Osisanya Ayo
Published: May 2022

Objective

This study was done to determine the effects of think-aloud strategy on the cocktail party effect of pupils with a single profile of APD against no-treatment group. The study also sought to develop a means of managing pupils with auditory processing disorders using the intervention package.

Design

Participants were randomly selected to each group (intervention group and no-intervention group). A therapeutic intervention session on the cocktail party effect was carried out for 8 weeks which lasted 30 min three times per week in the school environment.

Study sample

The study consisted of 40 pupils (8–12 years) with a single profile of APD.

Results:

The treatment was effective in enhancing the cocktail party effect of pupils with APD and there was no significant main effect of gender in the cocktail party effect of the participants.

Conclusion

The pupils with APD in the intervention group benefitted from the treatment process, therefore treatment should be adopted by teachers of pupils with APD.
A pedagogical approach to relativity effects in quantum mechanics
Authors: Grave de Peralta Luis , Webb Katrina C , Farooq Hira
Published: May 2022

A simple but precise approach to relativistic quantum mechanics is presented. The approach is based on the use of a Schrödinger-like, little-known but well-studied quantum mechanics wave equation. Such formal similitude allows undergraduate students to quantitatively explore how the results corresponding to a typical non-relativistic quantum problem change when the particle is moving at relativistic speeds. No additional mathematical skills are required. We argue in favor of the academic use of this approach for including the implications of the special theory of relativity in introductory quantum mechanics courses.
From speed of sound to vapour pressure: an undergraduate school experiment as an example of systematic error research
Authors: Hauko R , Dajnko M , Gačević D , Marinko P , Potrč M , Repnik R
Published: May 2022

This article presents an undergraduate project for measuring the speed of sound in the air as a function of air temperature. The measurement is implemented in two versions. The simplicity of the basic experiment in dry air is used for a detailed analysis of systematic errors: the measured values are corrected with an additive constant and optimized to match the expected parabolic dependence of the speed of sound on temperature. Such a time correction is correlated with the physical content, that is, by changing the phase of oscillation of the pressure difference at the reflection of the sound at the open end of the tube. The second part of the experiment involves measuring the speed of sound in saturated humid air as a function of air temperature and allows for a substantive connection of two areas of physics (waves and thermodynamics). The measured water vapour pressure, within the range of statistical errors, follows the theoretical course up to the upper limit of the measured temperature range (60 °C) surprisingly well.
Timelike and spacelike kernel functions for the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment
Authors: Nesterenko A V
Published: May 2022

The complete set of relations, which mutually express the spacelike and timelike kernel functions for the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment

a

μ

HVP

in terms of each other, is obtained. By making use of the derived relations the explicit expression for the next-to-leading order spacelike kernel function, which enters the representation for

a

μ

HVP

involving the hadronic vacuum polarization function, is obtained. The corresponding next-to-leading order spacelike kernel function, which appears in the representation for

a

μ

HVP

involving the Adler function, is calculated numerically. The obtained results can be employed in the assessments of the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment in the framework of the spacelike methods, such as lattice studies, MUonE project, and others.
A new monocular vision simultaneous localization and mapping process for high-precision positioning in structured indoor environments
Authors: Qiu Wenqi , Zeng Qinghua , Liu Jianye , Luo Yixue , Huang Yan
Published: May 2022

High-precision positioning in areas with unobtrusive features is difficult to achieve with visual based indoor positioning solutions. Most current solutions offer low precision and are expensive and/or require a priori training. A ceiling distributed on the same plane is regularly arranged and widespread in structured indoor environments. We propose a new monocular vision simultaneous localization and mapping (NMV SLAM) method for high-precision indoor positioning. First, image morphology technology is adopted to extract the ceiling corner accurately. Second, the geometric solution based on the a priori ceiling map realizes global positioning and makes up for the deficiency of time-consuming nonlinear optimization. Experiments show that the root mean square error of position measured by the proposed NMV SLAM process is less than 5.43 mm in a room with an entire ceiling. Moreover, the proposed NMV SLAM processes an average of 30.61 frames in 1 s on an i5-9400F central processing unit.
Establishing best practices in photoplethysmography signal acquisition and processing
Authors: Charlton Peter H , Pilt Kristjan , Kyriacou Panicos A
Published: May 2022

Photoplethysmography is now widely utilised by clinical devices such as pulse oximeters, and wearable devices such as smartwatches. It holds great promise for health monitoring in daily life. This editorial considers whether it would be possible and beneficial to establish best practices for photoplethysmography signal acquisition and processing. It reports progress made towards this, balanced with the challenges of working with a diverse range of photoplethysmography device designs and intended applications, each of which could benefit from different approaches to signal acquisition and processing. It concludes that there are several potential benefits to establishing best practices. However, it is not yet clear whether it is possible to establish best practices which hold across the range of photoplethysmography device designs and applications.
Detection of subclinical hemorrhage using electrical impedance: a porcine study
Authors: Murphy Ethan K , Klein Samuel B , Hamlin Alexandra , Anderson Justin E , Minichiello Joseph M , Lindqwister Alexander L , Moodie Karen L , Wanken Zachary J , Read Jackson T , Borza Victor A , Elliott Jonathan T , Halter Ryan J , Vaze Vikrant S , Paradis Norman A
Published: May 2022

Objective. Analyze the performance of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) in an innovative porcine model of subclinical hemorrhage and investigate associations between EIT and hemodynamic trends. Approach. Twenty-five swine were bled at slow rates to create an extended period of subclinical hemorrhage during which the animal’s heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) remained stable from before hemodynamic deterioration, where stable was defined as <15% decrease in BP and <20% increase in HR—i.e. hemorrhages were hidden from standard vital signs of HR and BP. Continuous vital signs, photo-plethysmography, and continuous non-invasive EIT data were recorded and analyzed with the objective of developing an improved means of detecting subclinical hemorrhage—ideally as early as possible. Main results. Best area-under-the-curve (AUC) values from comparing bleed to no-bleed epochs were 0.96 at a 80 ml bleed (∼15.4 min) using an EIT-data-based metric and 0.79 at a 120 ml bleed (∼23.1 min) from invasively measured BP—i.e. the EIT-data-based metric achieved higher AUCs at earlier points compared to standard clinical metrics without requiring image reconstructions. Significance. In this clinically relevant porcine model of subclinical hemorrhage, EIT appears to be superior to standard clinical metrics in early detection of hemorrhage.
A novel 3.3 kV 4H-SiC trench PiN with enhanced conductance modulation effect
Authors: Zhang Yourun , Ou Yanggang , Luo Jiamin , Wang Shuai , Zhang Bo , Niu Yingxi
Published: May 2022

A novel 3.3 kV rated 4H-SiC trench PiN (T-PiN) structure, which features a trench P+ layer, is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. For the T-PiNs, dry etch onto the N-drift layer is added to the manufacturing process of conventional PiNs (Con-PiNs) before the Al ion implantation step. As the experimental results show, the forward current of the T-PiN diode with an active area of 5 mm × 5 mm has been improved by 32.3% at a voltage of 4 V. Apart from a slight sacrifice in breakdown voltage, the T-PiN is identical to the Con-PiN with regard to other static and surge current capabilities and dynamic characteristics. This superior forward conduction ability of the T-PiNs is a result of enhanced anode carrier injection caused by an enhanced conductance modulation effect and a larger anode carrier injection area. An enhanced conductance modulation effect model was also set up to quantify the increase in the proportion of current density in the T-PiN.
Magnetic granularity in PLD-grown Fe(Se,Te) films on simple RABiTS templates
Authors: Holleis Sigrid , Anna Thomas Aleena , Shipulin Ilya A , Hühne Ruben , Steiger-Thirsfeld Andreas , Bernardi Johannes , Eisterer Michael
Published: May 2022

Iron-based superconductors are a popular candidate in the search for affordable and simple superconductors for high-field applications. In particular, the relaxed texture requirements fuel hope that films deposited on RABiTS with simple buffer layer architectures could enable cheap coated conductors. We find that a single Yttrium oxide buffer layer can act as a suitable diffusion barrier and epitaxial Fe(Se,Te) thin films were successfully grown by pulsed laser deposition. An analysis of the local current distribution by means of scanning Hall probe microscopy reveals current densities exceeding 1 MA cm−2, however, granularity still seems to be an issue. Transmission electron microscopy images and analysis by transmission Kikuchi diffraction show that the out-of-plane orientation of underlying Ni-W grains in the substrate has a severe impact on the growth of Fe(Se,Te) films.
Loss of sustainability in scientific work
Authors: Reisz Niklas , Servedio Vito D P , Loreto Vittorio , Schueller William , Ferreira Márcia R , Thurner Stefan
Published: May 2022

For decades the number of scientific publications has been rapidly increasing, effectively out-dating knowledge at a tremendous rate. Only few scientific milestones remain relevant and continuously attract citations. Here we quantify how long scientific work remains being utilized, how long it takes before today’s work is forgotten, and how milestone papers differ from those forgotten. To answer these questions, we study the complete temporal citation network of all American Physical Society journals. We quantify the probability of attracting citations for individual publications based on age and the number of citations they have received in the past. We capture both aspects, the forgetting and the tendency to cite already popular works, in a microscopic generative model for the dynamics of scientific citation networks. We find that the probability of citing a specific paper declines with age as a power law with an exponent of α ∼ −1.4. Whenever a paper in its early years can be characterized by a scaling exponent above a critical value, α
c, the paper is likely to become ‘ever-lasting’. We validate the model with out-of-sample predictions, with an accuracy of up to 90% (area under the curve ∼ 0.9). The model also allows us to estimate an expected citation landscape of the future, predicting that 95% of papers cited in 2050 have yet to be published. The exponential growth of articles, combined with a power-law type of forgetting and papers receiving fewer and fewer citations on average, suggests a worrying tendency toward information overload and raises concerns about scientific publishing’s long-term sustainability.
Performance investigation on the balance of static and dynamic magnetic field strength of magnetostrictive patch transducer with different permanent magnets
Authors: Hou E.Z.Y. , Li G.G.D. , Huang G.
Published: May 2022

Nowadays, a magnetostrictive patch transducer(MPT) utilizing
the high magnetostriction patch such as iron-cobalt alloy attached
to the tested specimen like pipes, tubes, and cables has attracted
more attention from many scholars. A harmonized flexible printed
coil magnetostrictive patch transducer (HFPC-MPT) was proposed in
2019 by the author's research group, and this high-performance MPT
could generate a more even magnetostrictive force than
before. However, that research was an MPT optimization from sensor
circuit design perspective. From the perspective of the magnetic
field, this type of sensor has not been explored yet to improve its
performance. In this research, firstly, the author conducted
numerical simulations to find the optimal balance range between the
static and dynamic magnetic fields of HFPC-MPT. Secondly, some
experiments have been designed to verify the simulation results. The
simulation results have been validated and are in agreement with the
experimental results. This research provided a deep insight into
improving the performance of HFPC-MPT from the perspective of the
static magnetic field, which is also beneficial to both industrial
and academic areas.
CO2 fertilization is spatially distinct from stomatal conductance reduction in controlling ecosystem water-use efficiency increase
Authors: Zhang Xuanze , Zhang Yongqiang , Tian Jing , Ma Ning , Wang Ying-Ping
Published: May 2022

It is well known that global ecosystem water-use efficiency (EWUE) has noticeably increased over the last several decades. However, it remains unclear how individual environmental drivers contribute to EWUE changes, particularly from CO2 fertilization and stomatal suppression effects. Using a satellite-driven water–carbon coupling model—Penman–Monteith–Leuning version 2 (PML-V2), we quantified individual contributions from the observational drivers (atmospheric CO2, climate forcing, leaf area index (LAI), albedo and emissivity) across the globe over 1982–2014. The PML-V2 was well-calibrated and showed a good performance for simulating EWUE (with a determination coefficient (R
2) of 0.56) compared to observational annual EWUE over 1982–2014 derived from global 95 eddy flux sites from the FLUXNET2015 dataset. Our results showed that global EWUE increasing trend (0.04 ± 0.004 gC mm−1 H2O decade−1) was largely contributed by increasing CO2 (51%) and LAI (20%), but counteracted by climate forcing (−26%). Globally, the CO2 fertilization effect on photosynthesis (23%) was similar to the CO2 suppression effect on stomatal conductance (28%). Spatially, the fertilization effect dominated EWUE trend over semi-arid regions while the stomatal suppression effect controlled over tropical forests. These findings improve understanding of how environmental factors affect the long-term change of EWUE, and can help policymakers for water use planning and ecosystem management.
Impact of Covid-19 on Chiang Mai City Center Airport: a guideline for its urban regeneration
Authors: Belhache R
Published: May 2022

Covid-19 has brought Chiang Mai International Airport to a state of lethargy: the once tourism-oriented city in northern Thailand has seen its visitors arriving by air greatly reduced since the start of the pandemic. An analysis of airport spaces and usage shows that their core purposes are disrupted or at standstill. Using a qualitative approach, the purpose of this study is to propose a guideline to re-assess spaces of city-centered airports in times of crisis to help its urban regeneration. Urban recommendations are displayed for policymakers and then applied to Chiang Mai International airport context. Results found that temporary urban and architectural solutions are worth considering during the time of crisis and its unknown end date. Permanent solutions are also suggested to connect dynamic poles of the city with the airport area, leading to improve the reliance between Chiang Mai city and its airport. This prospective approach also sheds a light on the monofunctional purpose of the airport and relative seclusion issues due to single-use zoning in the fabrication of the city.
The effectiveness of urban mobility restriction policies on the spatio-temporal pattern of COVID-19 incidence in Balikpapan City
Authors: Ghozali A , Tufail D N , Girsang P R
Published: May 2022

In 2020, the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic provided a valuable experience for city policymakers. As one of the epicenters of Covid-19 in East Kalimantan, Balikpapan City has also made various efforts to suppress the transmission of Covid-19, mainly focused on minimizing the urban mobility rate. This study was conducted to track the effectiveness of policies applied to the number of Covid-19 active cases in Balikpapan City. This study performs the Spatio-temporal Getis-Ord Gi* statistic to determine the characteristics of changes in the concentration of the Covid-19 active cases and calculate the correlation of the time data. The results showed that during the first year of pandemic and application of the travel restriction policy, hotspots were always formed in the potential economic sub-districts, which became the business center of Balikpapan City. In addition, the implementation of significant travel restriction policies has a strong correlation with the tendency to decrease the active case number of COVID-19 in each policy issue date.
Intervention on pedestrian paths on high risk object in the City of Surabaya during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Mahendra A S , Bararatin K , Nugroho S , Kharismawan R , Suryawan W A
Published: May 2022

Urban facilities, such as pedestrian paths, were affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Activity restrictions imposed by the government through official regulations for various regions were one of the causes of the reduction of movement. During the pandemic, the intensity of pedestrian use seemed to be lower than before. However, a particular location showed an interesting phenomenon of intervention on the pedestrian path around public facilities, which did not change the intensity of use. Interestingly, the intervention on the pedestrian path was around the buildings that directly handled Covid-19 and had a high transmission risk, namely hospitals and markets. This paper employed a qualitative approach by collecting the data through field observation in 3 (three) designated hospitals in Surabaya city, which were considered vulnerable places and aim to understand complex phenomena. The result found that the intervention of the pedestrian path was mainly located on the critical side for movement and circulation as well as the mobilization of the service area, also indicated there are use pedestrian path to paddle, wait and relax at certain time. As an important part of urban facilities, the pedestrian path needs to be a concern, especially in locations with a high risk of virus transmission potential.
An earthquake insurance for residential and non-engineered masonry building in Surabaya City
Authors: Ardiansyah A , Gunawan S L , Pramujati W H , Putri E RM , Oktaviana P P , Nurcahyo C B
Published: May 2022

This study presents the valuation of premium of the earthquake insurance based on the new potential earthquake in Surabaya. The potential earthquake is estimated as the recently declared facts that there are two segments of Kendeng fault cross the city. Two types of buildings are considered, the residential and non-engineered masonry buildings, to be the loss due to the earthquake. The loss model found based on the two type of buildings are 3-parameter lognormal distributions. A collective risk model is developed and the premium is calculated based on the expected value principle. The value at risk is also calculated to measure the total potential loss in the city based on the two type of buildings.
Urban heritage as a key DRM for safer city: Comparing practical and policy focusing on ‘Denkenchiku’ ideology to enhance CBDRM in historic city
Authors: Srinurak N , Sukwai J , Mishima N
Published: May 2022

This research focused on document review, field survey, and mapping methodology to compare the critical issues on disaster-related historic urban landscape management. The study emphasizes the ‘Denkenchiku’ which is the guideline and regulation of historic preservation of urban landscape derive from the Japan Preservation procedure. The historic areas, mostly, using vulnerable material as the main structure or decorative elements. In this study, it used the UNESCO world heritage convention as discussion topics, especially in term of Factors affecting the properties and urban present/future challenge such post-pandemic historic city. The study compared the spatial aspect, the regulation, community participation of disaster prevention practice between Chiang Mai’s historic area (Thailand) and Hizen-Hama (Japan). The results show the best practice of Hizen-Hama which allows Chiang Mai historic city to adopt the idea and pragmatic issues in disaster-related management. As Chiang Mai initiated the living historic area, it was able to integrate the Denkenchiku practice to enhance the living heritage with Disaster Risk Management. Along with the participation of community residents in the historic area who concern about local risk. As implied in the policy recommendation, the local initiative will act as a focal agent when combines heritage preservation with disaster risk management.
Rural renewable energy development: lessons learned from community-based renewable energy business model in East Sumba, Indonesia
Authors: Prilandita N , Sagala S , Azhari D , Habib A H
Published: May 2022

Sumba Island is a remote region with great potential for renewable energy sources, as the Iconic Island of Renewable Energy designated through the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Decree No. 3051 K / 30 / MEM / 2015 is targeted to reach 100% of renewable energy usage with 95% of electrification by 2025. To reach this target, the participation of the community as the subject of every renewable energy project is essential. This paper aims to identify the lessons learned to enhance the community’s capacity in implementing the rural community-based renewable energy business model in Indonesia, with the case of the renewable energy business in Luku Wingir and Waimbidi Village - East Sumba. The result indicates that the Rural Community-based Renewable Energy Business Model in the case study need to be developed based on the fundamental strategies of building community capacity: (1) leadership development of the village community in East Sumba, (2) business organizational development in managing the renewable energy, (3) developing a significant role for the community in organizing renewable energy, and (4) adapting collaborative relations among multiple stakeholders in East Sumba.
Planning and policy effectiveness toward sustainable housing provision in Indonesia through econometric approach
Authors: Rahmawati D , Tucunan K P , Irsyad F R N , Budiani J R
Published: May 2022

To foster spatial planning, effective instruments are needed so that the implementation of space utilization is in accordance with the expected goals so that resources remain efficient, investment calculations become more real, and environmental balance in sustainable urban development is maintained. Housing development is often delayed (planning delay) due to the inefficient land provision process, on the other hand the housing backlog is increasing to 800,000 units per year so it is necessary to investigate the effectiveness of planning, especially in the housing sector that has been running in Indonesia. Econometry as a quantitative approach with various variances of analysis techniques has many benefits but has not been widely integrated in planning, especially in calculating the effectiveness of instruments in achieving spatial planning goals. This article aims to examine the effectiveness of planning, especially related to land value and housing development through an econometric model approach by taking samples in Surabaya. The technique used is multiple regression analysis which shows the level of influence between seven independent variables, consist of number of lots, accessibility, land status, types of developers, infrastructure, spatial policies, and sectoral strategies; while the dependent variable is the effectiveness of planning indicated by the development rate. Based on the regression results, it takes an average of one month to be constant, if other variables are considered absent, or it is interpreted that the phenomenon of housing development tends to be slower than housing planning in sectoral plans and spatial plans.
Analysis of the coverage of health facilities and distribution routes for COVID-19 vaccines at vulnerable Areas in Bandung City
Authors: Suardika L P P S , Andani I G A
Published: May 2022

COVID-19 had a significant impact on Indonesians. The considerable effect caused by COVID-19 demands the pandemic be immediately terminated. The government has made various efforts but were not enough to stop the pandemic, so other efforts were made, namely vaccination. Vaccination is expected to increase immunity against COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccination faces many challenges, such as the type of vaccine sensitive to temperature, the number of vaccines is still limited, and the distribution must be carried out immediately. This study aims to analyze the reach of health facilities and distribution routes for COVID-19 vaccines at vulnerable areas in Bandung. This study uses data collection methods in primary data (interview of the Bandung City Health Office) and secondary data (data.bandung.go.id). The analytical methods used in this study are scoring analysis, multiple regression analysis, network analyst, statistical analysis, and average nearest neighbor analysis. Based on the regression analysis results, indicators that correlate to COVID-19 vulnerability are education level, unemployment rate, population density, slum areas, and access to health facilities. 13 villages in Bandung should be prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination. There are still areas with low access to health facilities, so additional facilities are needed to accelerate the vaccinations.
The role of spatial data to support strategic environmental assessment for general spatial planning
Authors: Sianturi R S , Umilia E , Idajati H , Susetyo C , Siswanto V K , Febrianto F H , Febri F , Cahya F D
Published: May 2022

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) aims to ensure that sustainable development principles are mainstreamed into development Policies, Plans, and Programs (PPPs). Spatial data play an essential role in supporting SEA to achieve the goal. This study aims to describe the role of spatial data in supporting SEA in integrating sustainable development principles into PPPs. This study uses literature as data sources and performs qualitative descriptive analysis in discussing the research objective. Spatial analysis were also performed to provide examples on how spatial data can be used to support SEA. This research begins by introducing spatial data and spatial data analysis characteristics. Then, the discussion explains spatial data roles in SEA. Aspatial approaches and analysis techniques to support SEA are also elaborated. Next, examples of spatial analysis outputs in SEA are provided. Finally, this study provides suggestions to enhance spatial data contributions in SEA. This study has successfully shown examples of how spatial data can estimate the potential environmental impacts of PPPs stipulated in spatial planning. Spatial data provide information that can be used to recommend alternative formulations to mitigate or prevent environmental risks. This study adds to the literature related to the spatial data role in SEA for general spatial planning.
Buruan Sae, a Green Action towards a Communicative City in Bandung City, West Java Indonesia
Authors: Sutriadi R , Fahmi F Z , Arifianto A , Muttaqin F I
Published: May 2022

Bandung as a metropolitan city barely has a resiliency system of food and nutrient provision. Almost 96% of food imported from the outside of the city, makes the city vulnerable. COVID-19 outbreak intensify these challenges as agriculture, which one of the main strategic sectors in Indonesia, affected as well. One of the solutions that the Bandung City government offered is an innovation called Buruan Sae (Sehat Alami dan Ekonomis). This research provides an insight for innovation from urban planning perspective in the context of Buruan Sae. It is found that Buruan Sae already has all four components and the key component of innovation. Althogh, there is opportunity to develop the innovation further by expanding the urban markets through utilization of ICT and engaging more stakeholders with communicative city concept to broaden the urban networks.
Experimental towards User Experience and User Interface in Smart Land Use Informatic Platform: Design and Development
Authors: Raungratanaamporn I , Iamtrakul P
Published: May 2022

Data and information become vital in urban management and analysis activities such as planning, city operation, and evaluation. Each platform has in own objective function and trying to create an information platform for visualizing urban situation, and trends through a variation of dataset. There are three objectives in this study are (1) to figure out the common ground of feature in urban informatic platform, (2) to create a prototype of urban informatic platform in accordance with availability of the dataset, and (3) to gather feedback from target clients towards platform usage. This study applied research and development design technique to develop urban informative platform called UD-TU (Urban Data - Thammasat University) by creating prototype platform and explain the availability of data, then a round table consultation had applied to clients towards the preferences and tasks of using urban data. Then the update version of urban informatic platform had been test again by the same group of clients again to recheck their feedback. The result shown that each type of clients requires to use the data for their objectives and tasks, while the possibility of data generation in urban area are unlimited. the availability of data.
Impact of harmonic potential induced nonlinearity on Airy pulse propagation
Authors: Gaur Deependra Singh , Mishra Akhilesh Kumar
Published: May 2022

We numerically investigate the propagation dynamics of truncated Airy pulse in the presence of external harmonic potential. These optical potentials are generated by co-propagating time-dependent strong pump wave that interacts with the weak signal pulse through cross-phase modulation. We demonstrate that Airy pulse trajectory can be manipulated by utilizing a sinusoidal optical potential and soliton shedding is observed in both normal and anomalous group velocity dispersion. The intensity of the emergent soliton depends upon the strength of the potential. Additionally, the potential strength significantly affects the oscillations and temporal position of the peak intensity of the soliton. Further, the impact of the truncation parameter on the Airy pulse accelerating tail and spectrum is explored. Importantly, we have numerically explored the evolution of the temporal chirp of the pulse in various conditions. The temporal chirp is almost zero at the position where the intensity peaks. Also, we show that relative phase of the optical harmonic potential play a vital role in the soliton formation.
Transport properties of binary phosphide AgP2 denoting high Hall mobility and low lattice thermal conductivity
Authors: Miyata Masanobu , Koyano Mikio
Published: May 2022

This study found that polycrystalline AgP2 shows intrinsic semiconducting electrical conductivity with Hall mobility of 51 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is as high as that of Mg2Si, and lattice thermal conductivity of 1.2 W K−1 m−1, which is as low as that of Bi2Te3. First-principles calculations theoretically indicate AgP2 as an intrinsic semiconductor, and indicate the estimated carrier relaxation time τ as 3.3 fs, which is long for a polycrystalline material. Moreover, the effective mass of hole m* is approximately 0.11 times that of free electrons. These results indicate that long τ and light m* of the carrier are the origins of the high experimentally obtained Hall mobility. Phonon calculations indicate that the Ag atoms in AgP2 exhibit highly anharmonic phonon modes with mode Grüneisen parameters of more than 2 in the 50–100 cm−1 low-frequency range. The large anharmonic vibrations of the Ag atoms reduce the phonon mean free path. Moreover, the lattice thermal conductivity was found, experimentally and theoretically, to be as low as approx. 1.2 W K−1 m−1 at room temperature by phonon–phonon and grain-boundary scattering.
Surface states induced weak anti-localization effect in Bi0.85Sb0.15 topological single crystal
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Awana V P S
Published: May 2022

We report, an experimental evidence of surface states (SS) driven magneto-transport in a Bi0.85Sb0.15 single crystal. Detailed high field (up to 12T) and low temperature (down to 2 K) magneto-transport measurements are been carried out on the studied Bi0.85Sb0.15 single crystal. The phase, composition and Raman modes are studied through x-ray diffraction, Energy dispersive x-ray, and Raman spectroscopy. The obtained crystal shows non-saturating magnetoresistance (≈ 4250%) at 2 K and 12T, along with the existence of weak-anti localization (WAL) effect at around zero magnetic field. Further, the Hikami-Larkin-Nagaoka (HLN) analysis is performed to analyse the WAL effect. The prefactor (α) and phase coherence length (L

φ) are deduced at various temperatures, which signified the presence of more than one conduction channel in the studied Bi0.85Sb0.15 single crystal. The effect of quantum scattering, bulk contribution from underneath the surface states and defects are been studied by adding various field dependent quadratic, linear and constant terms to the SS driven HLN equation. Various possible scattering mechanism are studied by analysing the temperature dependence of the phase coherence length. Angle dependent magneto-conductivity of the studied Bi0.85Sb0.15 single crystal clearly confirmed the surface states dominated transport in present crystal.
Association of Cardiovascular Health Metrics With Risk of Transition to Hypertension in Non-Hypertensive Young Adults
Authors: Suzuki Yuta , Kaneko Hidehiro , Yano Yuichiro , Okada Akira , Itoh Hidetaka , Matsuoka Satoshi , Fujiu Katsuhito , Michihata Nobuaki , Jo Taisuke , Takeda Norifumi , Morita Hiroyuki , Matsunaga Atsuhiko , Node Koichi , McEvoy John W , Lam Carolyn S P , Oparil Suzanne , Yasunaga Hideo , Komuro Issei
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

The risk of developing hypertension in young adults and its relationship to modifiable lifestyle factors are unclear. We aimed to examine the association of cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics with the risk of hypertension.

METHODS

We analyzed 66,876 participants aged 20–39 years, with available blood pressure (BP) data for 5 consecutive years, who had normal or elevated BP at the initial health check-up, enrolled in the JMDC Claims Database. Ideal CVH metrics included nonsmoking, body mass index <25 kg/m2, physical activity at goal, optimal dietary habits, untreated fasting glucose <100 mg/dL, and untreated total cholesterol <200 mg/dL. The primary endpoint was defined as stage 1 or stage 2 hypertension. We defined normal BP, elevated BP, stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension according to the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) BP guideline.

RESULTS

The median age was 35 years, and 62% were men. Number of non-ideal CVH metrics was associated with an increasing risk for the development of stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension. Non-ideal body mass index was most strongly associated with a risk for hypertension. This association was more pronounced in women. An annual increase in the number of non-ideal CVH metrics was associated with an elevated risk for the hypertension development.

CONCLUSIONS

CVH metrics can stratify the risk for hypertension in non-hypertensive adults aged 20–39 years. These findings have important public health implications for the screening and prevention of hypertension. Improving CVH metrics may prevent the risk of developing hypertension in young adults.
Why does the complexity of functionally equivalent signals vary across closely related species?
Authors: Nelson Claire M V , Sherwin William B , Ord Terry J
Published: May 2022

Animal signals are observed to vary widely in complexity among species, but why this should be the case—especially among closely related taxa—is unclear. Identifying the selective forces that drive these differences is important for understanding signal evolution, as well as the origins of communication more generally. We used a measure derived from information theory to quantify the complexity of visual territorial advertisement displays performed by males of closely related taxa of Puerto Rican Anolis lizard. In general, the information potential of visual displays appeared to be high compared with signals of other taxonomic groups (e.g., other lizards, birds). Nevertheless, there was still considerable variation in signal complexity among the Anolis taxa studied. We found a strong relationship between signal complexity and phylogeny for some aspects of the advertisement display traditionally thought to be important in species recognition. Other aspects of the display tended to vary independently of phylogeny, with differences in signal complexity among taxa reflecting the distance over which displays were typically viewed by territorial neighbors, and to some extent the number of sympatric congeners present in the environment. More generally, we highlight a little used, but tractable means of quantifying complexity in different species—and in different aspects of the same signal (the number, timing, and type of components)—that can reveal the evolutionary processes generating increases (or decreases) in communicative complexity.
Site fidelity increases reproductive success by increasing foraging efficiency in a marine predator
Authors: Rebstock Ginger A , Abrahms Briana , Boersma P Dee
Published: May 2022

Seabirds must find food efficiently in the dynamic ocean environment to succeed at raising chicks. In theory, site familiarity, gained by prior experience in a place, should increase foraging efficiency when prey is predictable, and translate into increased reproductive success, though this is difficult to test empirically. To address this, we examined foraging-site fidelity in Magellanic penguins Spheniscus magellanicus using movement data from 180 individuals tracked during 23 breeding seasons when penguins make repeated trips from their colony to feed chicks. We tested whether chlorophyll-a concentration, as a proxy for ocean productivity, affects foraging-site fidelity. We then tested whether foraging-site fidelity affects foraging efficiency and reproductive success. Mean foraging-site fidelity was higher in years with higher ocean productivity, when fronts had stronger gradients in temperature and chlorophyll, and prey was likely more predictable. When returning to previously visited foraging sites, penguins arrived and returned faster than predicted for a trip of a given distance, leading to lower mean trip durations and more frequent trips in penguins with high site fidelity. Increased foraging efficiency and chick-feeding frequency in turn led to increased chick survival. Our study reveals that foraging efficiency is a key mechanism linking foraging-site fidelity and reproductive success.
The Pains of Hope: Families of Indeterminate Sentenced Prisoners and Political Campaigning by Lay Citizens
Authors: Annison Harry , Condry Rachel
Published: May 2022

This paper examines the politics of crime and insecurity as experienced ‘from below’. We draw on in-depth interviews with families of indeterminate-sentenced prisoners, and policy participants, in order to understand families’ experiences of their relative’s imprisonment under the discredited English Imprisonment for Public Protection (IPP) sentence and their public campaigning against it. We situate these experiences within broader structural trends, which we conceptualise as penal-familial assemblages. We argue that the experiences cause ‘pains of hope’ for families through a double liminality: first, due to the uncertainties caused by the indeterminate sentence, which brings neither closure nor release. Second, meaningful state action on campaigners’ demands remained elusive, with moments when change appeared close but ultimately remained just out of reach. In conclusion, we draw out the lessons from our study for analysing penal politics. We argue, in particular, for a humanistic recognition of the centrality, and the pains, of lay citizens’ efforts to seek to achieve progressive penal policy change.
The self and a close-other: differences between processing of faces and newly acquired information
Authors: Żochowska Anna , Jakuszyk Paweł , Nowicka Maria M , Nowicka Anna
Published: May 2022

Prioritization of self-related information (e.g. self-face) may be driven by its extreme familiarity. Nevertheless, the findings of numerous behavioral studies reported a self-preference for initially unfamiliar information, arbitrarily associated with the self. In the current study, we investigated the neural underpinnings of extremely familiar stimuli (self-face, close-other’s face) and stimuli newly assigned to one’s own person and to a close-other (abstract shapes). Control conditions consisted of unknown faces and unknown abstract shapes. Reaction times (RTs) to the self-face were shorter than to close-other’s and unknown faces, whereas no RTs differences were observed for shapes. P3 amplitude to the self-face was larger than to close-other’s and unknown faces. Nonparametric cluster-based permutation tests showed significant clusters for the self-face vs. other (close-other’s, unknown) faces. However, in the case of shapes P3 amplitudes to the self-assigned shape and to the shape assigned to a close-other were similar, and both were larger than P3 to unknown shapes. No cluster was detected for the self-assigned shape when compared with the shape assigned to the close-other. Thus, our findings revealed preferential attentional processing of the self-face and the similar allocation of attentional resources to shapes assigned to the self and a close-other.
Associations among fatty food sensations and saliva’s emulsifying properties
Authors: Huang Li-Chu , Running Cordelia A
Published: May 2022

Individuals vary in saliva composition, which could in turn influence variability of oral sensations. This study was designed to investigate associations among saliva’s ability to emulsify an oil/water mixture, fatty sensations, and diet. Participants (N = 62) gave sensory ratings for a white chocolate substitute with 0, 0.1, and 1% added linoleic acid. Discrimination sorting tasks were performed using the chocolate substitute with/without linoleic acid and with high/low-fat salad dressing. Participants swished and expectorated an oil/water mixture, and the size of the emulsified layer of this spat-out sample was measured. This novel technique was used to estimate the emulsifying ability of saliva, as oral swishing caused the fat to disperse into the water, stabilized by saliva. Estimated macronutrient intake was assessed by 3-day dietary recalls. Results indicate that people who correctly sorted the chocolate substitute with/without linoleic acid had saliva that better emulsified the oil/water mixture and rated the 1% linoleic acid sample as fattier. Those who incorrectly sorted the chocolate samples rated the 1% linoleic acid sample as more bitter. The same pattern for fattiness and bitterness of 1% linoleic acid samples was observed for those who correctly/incorrectly sorted the high/low-fat salad dressings. Regarding dietary data, the only observed relationship was higher dietary protein intake associated with less saliva emulsion stability over time. Overall, the results indicate relationships among how saliva influences dispersions of fat and fatty sensations, but the role of diet should be reexamined with larger and more tightly controlled groups.
The VirF21:VirF30 protein ratio is affected by temperature and impacts Shigella flexneri host cell invasion
Authors: Skovajsová Eva , Colonna Bianca , Prosseda Gianni , Sellin Mikael E , Di Martino Maria Letizia
Published: May 2022

Shigella spp, the etiological agents of bacillary dysentery in humans, have evolved an intricate regulatory strategy to ensure fine-tuned expression of virulence genes in response to environmental stimuli. A key component in this regulation is VirF, an AraC-like transcription factor, which at the host temperature (37°C) triggers, directly or indirectly, the expression of > 30 virulence genes important for invasion of the intestinal epithelium. Previous work identified two different forms of VirF with distinct functions: VirF30 activates virulence gene expression, while VirF21 appears to negatively regulate virF itself. Moreover, VirF21 originates from either differential translation of the virF mRNA or from a shorter leaderless mRNA (llmRNA). Here we report that both expression of the virF21 llmRNA and the VirF21:VirF30 protein ratio are higher at 30°C than at 37°C, suggesting a possible involvement of VirF21 in minimizing virulence gene expression outside the host (30°C). Ectopic elevation of VirF21 levels at 37°C indeed suppresses Shigella´s ability to infect epithelial cells. Finally, we find that the VirF21 C-terminal portion, predicted to contain a Helix-Turn-Helix motif (HTH2), is required for the functionality of this negative virulence regulator.
Convergent pathways of the gut microbiota–brain axis and neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Gubert Carolina , Gasparotto Juciano , H. Morais Livia
Published: May 2022

Recent research has been uncovering the role of the gut microbiota for brain health and disease. These studies highlight the role of gut microbiota on regulating brain function and behavior through immune, metabolic, and neuronal pathways. In this review we provide an overview of the gut microbiota axis pathways to lay the groundwork for upcoming sessions on the links between the gut microbiota and neurogenerative disorders. We also discuss how the gut microbiota may act as an intermediate factor between the host and the environment to mediate disease onset and neuropathology. Based on the current literature, we further examine the potential for different microbiota-based therapeutic strategies to prevent, to modify, or to halt the progress of neurodegeneration.