bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local Housing Strategy: Analysis of Importance and Implementation in Machico Municipality, Madeira
Authors: Alves Raul , Lousada Sérgio , Cabezas José , Gómez José Manuel Naranjo
Published: September 2023

This article presents a detailed analysis of the local housing strategies (ELH) in the Municipality of Machico, Madeira, examining the diagnosis of housing needs, proposed solutions, and projected goals for the future. In addition to addressing the rehabilitation of private and public housing and the increase in housing supply, the study also explores how ELH relate to the new generation of housing policies and the public support program for promoting housing solutions for vulnerable people. It is important to note that the implementation of ELH in Machico also has a positive impact on the local landscape and climate resilience, promoting the conservation of important forest areas for the production and management of natural resources.
Mapping Slaughterhouse Supply Zones in the Brazilian Amazon with Cattle Transit Records
Authors: Brandão Jr. Amintas , Rausch Lisa , Munger Jacob , Gibbs Holly K.
Published: September 2023

Mapping slaughterhouse supply zones is crucial for assessing cattle concentration, environmental impact, and promoting sustainable practices. This study combines cattle transit records (GTA in Portuguese) with rural property boundaries (CAR in Portuguese) to map these zones in the Brazilian Amazon. It evaluates the influence of Zero-Deforestation Cattle Agreements (CA) and explores the overlap between CA and non−CA slaughterhouse supply zones. Results reveal that CA slaughterhouse supply zones significantly impact forest preservation and cover a large area equivalent to entire municipalities. Over two-thirds of the study region, including most non-protected areas, falls within these zones. There is a high degree of overlap (95%) with non−CA supply zones, indicating competition for suppliers and limited expansion potential for CA. Direct and indirect suppliers are located nearby, with approximately 80% of indirect suppliers within 100 km of direct suppliers. Consequently, supply zones for both types of suppliers largely overlap. These findings demonstrate that assessing slaughterhouse deforestation risk for the entire supply chain in our study region can be achieved by mapping only the direct suppliers. This research provides valuable insights into cattle concentration, the effectiveness of zero-deforestation commitments, and the need for sustainable practices in the slaughterhouse industry.
High Concordance of CT Colonography and Colonoscopy Allows for the Distinguishing and Diagnosing of Intestinal Diseases
Authors: Chervenkov Lyubomir , Sirakov Nikolay , Georgiev Aleksander , Miteva Dimitrina , Gulinac Milena , Peshevska-Sekulovska Monika , Sekulovski Metodija , Velikova Tsvetelina
Published: September 2023

(1) Although new imaging methods for examining the GIT with high diagnostic capabilities were introduced, the improvement and implementation of safe, efficient, and cost-effective approaches continue, and GIT diseases are still challenging to diagnose; (2) Methods: We aim to show the possibilities of computed tomography (CT) colonography for early diagnosis of colon diseases using a multidetector 32-channel CT scanner after appropriate preparation; (3) Results: After a colonoscopy was performed earlier, 140 patients were examined with CT colonography. Complete colonoscopy was performed in 80 patients (57.1%) out of 140 who underwent CT colonography. Incomplete colonoscopy was observed in 52 patients (37.2%); in 5 patients (3.6%), it was contraindicated, and in 3 patients (2.1%), it was not performed because of patients’ refusal. We determined that in cases of complete FCS in 95% of patients, CT colonography established the same clinical diagnosis as FCS. In cases of incomplete, refused, or contraindicated FCS in 32.7% (17 patients), FCS failed to diagnose correctly. The main reasons for incomplete colonoscopy were: intraluminal obturation of tumor nature-17 patients (33%), extraluminal obturation (compression) from a tumor formation-4 patients (8%), stenotic changes of non-tumor nature-11 patients (21%), congenital diseases with changes in the length of the lumen of the intestinal loops-7 patients (13%), and subjective factors (pain, poor preparation, contraindications) in 13 patients (25%); (4) Conclusions: Our results confirmed that CT colonography is a method of choice in cases of negative FCS results accompanied by clinical data for the neoplastic process and in cases of incomplete and contraindicated FCS. Also, the insufflation system we developed optimizes the method by improving the quality of the obtained images and ensuring good patient tolerance.
Unveiling Inertia Constants by Exploring Mass Distribution in Wind Turbine Blades and Review of the Drive Train Parameters
Authors: Gonzalez-Rodriguez Angel Gaspar , Roldan-Fernandez Juan Manuel , Nieto-Nieto Luis Miguel
Published: September 2023

In studies of dynamic stability and power quality, it is necessary to know the values of the mechanical parameters determining the transient response of wind turbines. Their exact values are not as decisive as the power curve, but an inaccurate estimate can distort or even invalidate the simulation results. From a review of the literature, it has been found that, despite their importance, the values of inertia, stiffness and damping are hardly available for any turbine model. Another detected problem is the lack of confidence in the data origin. This article aims to solve the issue of the scarcity and unreliability of data on inertia, and gathers the information found on the remaining mechanical parameters. Available blade inertia values in kg · m2 are presented. Special treatment has been given to those providing the mass distribution along the blade span, for which the provided values of inertia have been compared with those obtained numerically, showing good matching. With this, different reliable relations are obtained that allow for the calculation of the turbine rotor inertia, based on the mass and length of the blade. When the center of gravity is also available, a very correlated expression (r2=0.975) is provided to obtain the inertia. The references to the stiffness and damping constant of the drive train, which are even more rare, will also be presented. In addition, the study includes a revision of gearboxes, generators and blade weight, according to their IEC-class and material.
Utilization of Noncontrast Magnetic Resonance Lymphangiography for Selection of Effective Surgical Method in Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema
Authors: Park Joseph Kyu-hyung , Choi Nakwon , Beom Jaewon , Lim Jae-Young , Kang Yusuhn , Nam Sun-Young , Myung Yujin
Published: September 2023

Background and Objectives: When considering surgery for patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL), it is crucial to determine which surgery will be most effective for the patient and establish the indications for each surgery. Our study retrospectively compared the results of preoperative noncontrast MR lymphangiography (NMRL) performed on the lymphedematous limb of patients before surgery, with the aim of analyzing whether preoperative NMRL can be used as a criterion for determining the type of surgery. Materials and Methods: From January 2020 to June 2022, a total of 138 patients with lymphedema underwent surgery at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. All patients underwent preoperative NMRL imaging and were classified into stages 1–3 based on the MRI severity index using the authors’ previous reference. Three types of surgery, LVA, LVA + liposuction, and LVA + VLNT, were conducted on all patients. The effectiveness of the surgery was evaluated one year postoperatively using the interlimb volume difference before and after surgery, the fluid volume of the edematous limb measured by bioimpedance spectroscopy, and the subjective satisfaction of the patients through the Lymph Q questionnaire. Results: In this study, out of a total of 138 patients, 26 (19%) were MRI stage 1, 62 (45%) were stage 2, and 50 (36%) were stage 3. Of the 83 patients who underwent LVA surgery, the greatest decrease in interlimb volume difference was observed in stage 2 patients, and subjective satisfaction was also the most effective in stage 2. In the case of LVA + liposuction patients, a significant volume decrease and a high satisfaction were observed in stage 3 patients. In the case of LVA + VLNT patients, there was no difference in volume decrease according to the stage, but a greater decrease in body fluid volume was observed as the MRI severity index score increased through BIA. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study demonstrates that NMRL imaging is a useful modality for determining the most effective surgical method and predicting the surgical outcome in patients with lymphedema. This highlights the importance of using NMRL in the treatment planning of lymphedema patients.
Effect of Infraorbital and/or Infratrochlear Nerve Blocks on Postoperative Care in Patients with Septorhinoplasty: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kim Do Hyun , Park Jun-Beom , Kim Sung Won , Stybayeva Gulnaz , Hwang Se Hwan
Published: September 2023

Background and Objectives: Through a comprehensive meta-analysis of the pertinent literature, this study evaluated the utility and efficacy of perioperative infraorbital and/or infratrochlear nerve blocks in reducing postoperative pain and related morbidities in patients undergoing septorhinoplasty. Materials and Methods: We reviewed studies retrieved from the PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases up to August 2023. The analysis included a selection of seven articles that compared a treatment group receiving perioperative infraorbital and/or infratrochlear nerve blocks with a control group that either received a placebo or no treatment. The evaluated outcomes covered parameters such as postoperative pain, the amount and frequency of analgesic medication administration, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, as well as the manifestation of emergence agitation. Results: The treatment group displayed a significant reduction in postoperative pain (mean difference = −1.7236 [−2.6825; −0.7646], I2 = 98.8%), as well as a significant decrease in both the amount (standardized mean difference = −2.4629 [−3.8042; −1.1216], I2 = 93.0%) and frequency (odds ratio = 0.3584 [0.1383; 0.9287], I2 = 59.7%) of analgesic medication use compared to the control. The incidence of emergence agitation (odds ratio = 0.2040 [0.0907; 0.4590], I2 = 0.0%) was notably lower in the treatment group. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (odds ratio = 0.5393 [0.1309; 2.2218], I2 = 60.4%) showed a trend towards reduction, although it was not statistically significant. While no adverse effects reaching statistical significance were reported in the analyzed studies, hematoma (proportional rate = 0.2133 [0.0905; 0.4250], I2 = 76.9%) and edema (proportional rate = 0.1935 [0.1048; 0.3296], I2 = 57.2%) after blocks appeared at rates of approximately 20%. Conclusions: Infraorbital and/or infratrochlear nerve blocks for septorhinoplasty effectively reduce postoperative pain and emergence agitation without notable adverse outcomes.
An Optimized Design Method and Experimental Study of Belt-Type Ultra-High-Pressure Dies
Authors: Shi Zhou , Wang Bolong , Li Mingzhe
Published: September 2023

In this study, various structures are designed to improve the bearing capacity of belt-type ultra-high-pressure dies. Via theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and destructive experiments, the stress distribution, bearing capacity, and failure principle of various dies are analyzed. The results demonstrate that the positive and negative values of the third invariant of the deviatoric stress tensor J3′ determine the deformation mode of the cylinder; when J3′ > 0, the cylinder is in the tensile deformation state, and when J3′ < 0, the cylinder is in the compressive deformation state. The third invariant of the deviatoric stress tensor of the belt-type cylinder is J3′ > 0, which causes tensile failure and rupture due to excessive circumferential stress. The use of a split cylinder can significantly reduce the circumferential stress, thus effectively reducing the maximum shear stress and von Mises stress and improving the pressure capacity of the cavity. However, when J3′ > 0 for the split cylinder, the pressure capacity is affected and the cylinder experiences tensile failure. A tangential split cylinder has a compressive deformation of J3′ < 0, which can fully utilize the properties of hard alloy materials and significantly improve the pressure-bearing capacity of the cylinder. This article provides an effective optimization design theory for belt-type dies, and the effectiveness of this method is proven through experiments.
Comparison of the Effects of Feeding Compound Probiotics and Antibiotics on Growth Performance, Gut Microbiota, and Small Intestine Morphology in Yellow-Feather Broilers
Authors: Feng Yuyan , Wu Xiaoting , Hu Dan , Wang Canyang , Chen Qu , Ni Yingdong
Published: September 2023

This study was devoted to the comparison of the probiotic effect of compound probiotics to antibiotics as a feed additive for chicken. Two hundred and seventy newly hatched yellow-feather broilers were randomly divided into three groups: the control group (Con), probiotics (Pb), and antibiotics group (Ab). The Pb group received compound probiotics (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus faecalis, and yeast) via drinking water for 24 days. The Ab group received antibiotics (zinc bacitracin and colistin sulfate) in their diet for 24 days. All broilers were slaughtered on day 42. Compared with the Con group, the body weight was significantly increased on days 13, 28, and 42 in the Pb group (p < 0.05), and markedly increased on day 28 in the Ab group (p < 0.05). Compared with the Ab group, the body weight of the broilers in the Pb group increased significantly on day 13 (p < 0.05). Compared to the Con and Pb groups, the antibiotics treatment reduced the feed intake (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the feed conversion ratio between the Ab and Pb groups (p > 0.05). The feed conversion ratio of the broilers treated with antibiotics or probiotics significantly decreased compared to the Con group (p < 0.05). The depth of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum crypts in the Pb group decreased significantly compared to the Con and Ab group (p < 0.05). The ratio of the villi length to crypt depth of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum epithelium was significantly increased in the Pb group compared to the Con group (p < 0.05). The genera Bacteroides and Barnesiella were the most significantly enriched bacteria in the Ab and Pb groups, respectively (p < 0.05). The expression of the genes related to antibiotic resistance was significantly decreased in the Pb group compared to the Ab group (p < 0.05). Although both compound probiotics and antibiotics can improve growth performance, antibiotics increased the abundance of harmful bacteria and drug-resistant genes, while probiotics increased Barnesiella abundance, which is related to a decrease in the drug-resistant gene expression. Moreover, the probiotics treatment improved small intestinal morphology and fecal emissions, while antibiotics have no significant effect on these indicators, indicating a bright future for probiotics as an alternative to feed antibiotics in the yellow-feather broiler industry.
Immune-Stimulating Potential of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LM1019 in RAW 264.7 Cells and Immunosuppressed Mice Induced by Cyclophosphamide
Authors: You Yeji , Kim Sung-Hwan , Kim Chul-Hong , Kim In-Hwan , Shin YoungSup , Kim Tae-Rahk , Sohn Minn , Park Jeseong
Published: September 2023

Probiotics, including Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus), have gained recognition for their potential health benefits, such as enhancing immune function, maintaining gut health, and improving nutrient absorption. This study investigated the effectiveness of L. rhamnosus LM1019 (LM1019) in enhancing immune function. In RAW 264.7 cells, LM1019 demonstrated dose-dependent immune stimulation by increasing nitric oxide production, gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). These effects were mediated through the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) translocation without inducing cytotoxicity. Furthermore, orally administered LM1019 was evaluated in immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX). High-dose administration of LM1019 significantly increased the subpopulations of lymphocytes, specifically helper T cells (CD4+), as well as two subtypes of natural killer (NK) cells, namely, IFN-γ+ and granzyme B+ NK cells. Additionally, LM1019 at a high dose led to elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ and IL-12, compared to CTX-treated mice. These findings highlight the potential of LM1019 in enhancing the immune system. The study contributes to the growing body of research on the beneficial effects of probiotics on immune function.
Metallogenic Prediction of the Zaozigou Gold Deposit Using 3D Geological and Geochemical Modeling
Authors: Li Cheng , Liu Bingli , Xiao Keyan , Kong Yunhui , Wang Lu , Tang Rui , Xie Miao , Wu Yixiao
Published: September 2023

Deep-seated mineralization prediction is an important scientific problem in the area of mineral resources exploration. The 3D metallogenic information extraction of geology and geochemistry can be of great help. This study uses 3D modeling technology to intuitively depict the spatial distribution of orebodies, fractures, and intrusive rocks. In particular, the geochemical models of 12 elements are established for geochemical metallogenic information extraction. Subsequently, the front halo element association of As-Sb-Hg, the near-ore halo element association of Au-Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn, and the tail halo element association of W-Mo-Bi are identified. Upon this foundation, the 3D convolutional neural network model is built and used for deep-seated mineralization prediction, which expresses a high performance (AUC = 0.99). Associated with the metallogenic regularity, two mineral exploration targets are delineated, which might be able to serve as beneficial achievements for deep exploration in the Zaozigou gold deposit.
Development and Application of a Chemical Ionization Focusing Integrated Ionization Source TOFMS for Online Detection of OVOCs in the Atmosphere
Authors: Liu Ruidong , Guo Yingzhe , Li Mei , Li Jing , Yang Dong , Hou Keyong
Published: September 2023

Single photon ionization (SPI) based on vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) lamps has been extensively investigated and applied due to its clean mass spectra as a soft ionization method. However, the photon energy of 10.6 eV and photon flux of 1011 photons s−1 of a commercial VUV lamp limits its range of ionizable analytes as well as its sensitivity. This work designs a chemical ionization focusing integrated (CIFI) ionization source time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) based on a VUV lamp for the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs). The photoelectrons obtained from the VUV lamp via the photoelectric effect ionized the oxygen and water in the air to obtain the reagent ions. The ion–molecule-reaction region (IMR) is constituted by a segmented quadrupole that radially focuses the ions using a radio-frequency electric field. This significantly enhances the yield and transport efficiency of the product ions leading to a great improvement in sensitivity. As a result, a 44-fold and 1154-fold increase in the signal response for benzene and pentanal were achieved, respectively. To verify the reliability of the ionization source, the linear correspondence and repeatability of benzene and pentanal were investigated. Satisfactory dynamic linearity was obtained in the mixing ratio range of 5–50 ppbv, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) of inter-day reached 3.91% and 6.26%, respectively. Finally, the CIFI−TOFMS was applied to the determination of OVOCs, and the LOD of 12 types of OVOCs reached the pptv level, indicating that the ionization source has the potential for accurate and sensitive online monitoring of atmospheric OVOCs.
Could Natural Products Help in the Control of Obesity? Current Insights and Future Perspectives
Authors: Park Jiwon , Nurkolis Fahrul , Won Hyunji , Yang Jiye , Oh Dayeon , Jo Hyunkyung , Choi Jinwon , Chung Sanghyun , Kurniawan Rudy , Kim Bonglee
Published: September 2023

Obesity is a global issue faced by many individuals worldwide. However, no drug has a pronounced effect with few side effects. Green tea, a well-known natural product, shows preventive effects against obesity by decreasing lipogenesis and increasing fat oxidation and antioxidant capacity. In contrast, other natural products are known to contribute to obesity. Relevant articles published on the therapeutic effect of natural products on obesity were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The search was conducted by entering keywords such as “obesity”, “natural product”, and “clinical trial”. The natural products were classified as single compounds, foods, teas, fruits, herbal medicines—single extract, herbal medicines—decoction, and herbal medicines—external preparation. Then, the mechanisms of these medicines were organized into lipid metabolism, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, appetite loss, and thermogenesis. This review aimed to assess the efficacy and mechanisms of effective natural products in managing obesity. Several clinical studies reported that natural products showed antiobesity effects, including Coffea arabica (coffee), Camellia sinensis (green tea), Caulerpa racemosa (green algae), Allium sativum (garlic), combined Ephedra intermedia Schrenk, Thea sinensis L., and Atractylodes lancea DC extract (known as Gambisan), Ephedra sinica Stapf, Angelica Gigantis Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, Coicis semen, Cinnamomi cortex, Paeoniae radix alba, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis (known as Euiiyin-tang formula). Further studies are expected to refine the pharmacological effects of natural products for clinical use.
Cuban Policosanol (Raydel®) Potently Protects the Liver, Ovary, and Testis with an Improvement in Dyslipidemia in Hyperlipidemic Zebrafish: A Comparative Study with Three Chinese Policosanols
Authors: Cho Kyung-Hyun , Kim Ji-Eun , Baek Seung Hee
Published: September 2023

Many policosanols from different sources, such as sugar cane and rice bran, have been marketed worldwide to improve blood lipid profiles. But so far, no comparative study has commenced elucidating the effect of different policosanols to improve the blood lipid profile and other beneficial effects. This study compared the efficacy of four different policosanols, including one sugar cane wax alcohol from Cuba (Raydel®) and three policosanols from China (Xi’an Natural sugar cane, Xi’an Realin sugar cane, and Shaanxi rice bran), to treat dyslipidemia in hyperlipidemic zebrafish. After 12 weeks of consumption of each policosanol (final 0.1% in diet, wt/wt) and a high-cholesterol diet (HCD, final 4%, wt/wt), the Raydel policosanol group and the Xi’an Natural policosanol group showed the highest survivability, of approximately 81%. In contrast, the Xi’an Realin policosanol and the Shaanxi policosanol groups showed 57% and 67% survivability, respectively. Among the five HCD groups, the Raydel policosanol group showed the lowest serum total cholesterol (TC, p < 0.001 versus HCD control) and triglyceride (p < 0.001 versus HCD control), with the highest percentage of high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol in TC. The Raydel policosanol group also showed the lowest serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, with the least infiltration of inflammatory cells and interleukin-6 production in hepatocytes with a marked reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and fatty liver changes. In the ovary, the Raydel policosanol group also showed the highest content of mature vitellogenic oocytes with the lowest production of reactive oxygen species and cellular apoptosis in ovarian cells. In the testes, the Raydel policosanol group also showed the healthiest morphology for spermatogenesis, with the lowest interstitial area and reactive oxygen species production in testicular cells. Conclusively, among the tested policosanols, Cuba (Raydel®) policosanol exhibited a comparatively better effect in maintaining zebrafish body weight, survivability, blood lipid profile, hepatic function biomarkers, fatty liver changes, ROS generation, inflammation, and restoration of the cell morphology in ovaries and testes affected by the HCD consumption.
A Theoretical Kinetic Study on Concerted Elimination Reaction Class of Peroxyl-hydroperoxyl-alkyl Radicals (•OOQOOH) in Normal-alkyl Cyclohexanes
Authors: Yao Xiaoxia , Zhang Jilong , Zhu Yifei
Published: September 2023

The concerted elimination reaction class of peroxyl-hydroperoxyl alkyl radicals (•OOQOOH) plays a crucial role in the low-temperature combustion of normal-alkyl cyclohexanes. The generation of the relatively unreactive HO2 radicals in this reaction is one of the factors leading to the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) behavior, which hinders the low-temperature oxidation of normal-alkyl cyclohexanes. In this study, 44 reactions are selected and divided into 4 different subclasses according to the nature of the carbon atom where the H atom is eliminated and the reaction center position. Utilizing the CBS-QB3 method, we compute the energy barriers for the concerted elimination reactions of peroxyl-hydroperoxyl alkyl radicals. Following this, we assess both the high-pressure limit and pressure-dependent rate constants for all reactions by applying TST and RRKM/ME theory. These calculations allow for the development of rate rules, which come to fruition through an averaging process involving the rate constants of representative reactions within each subclass. Our work provides accurate rate constants and rate rules for this reaction class, which can aid in constructing more accurate combustion mechanisms for normal-alkyl cyclohexanes.
Plasmonic Effect of Gold-Patchy Silica Nanoparticles on Green Light-Photopolymerizable Dental Resin
Authors: Szalóki Melinda , Csarnovics István , Bonyár Attila , Ungor Ditta , Csapó Edit , Sápi András , Hegedűs Csaba
Published: September 2023

A low ratio of polymerization is a major problem in resin-based composites. In this paper, the plasmonic effect of gold-covered silica nanoparticles on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of bisphenol A diglycidyl dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) green light-photopolymerizable dental resin was investigated at an intensity of 1.4 mW/cm2 for 40 s. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed silica of about 350 nm covered with 12–15 nm gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) at 100% nominal coverage. Five different concentrations of bare and patchy silica particles were used; in the latter composite, the calculated Au wt% were 0.0052 wt%, 0.0104 wt%, 0.0208 wt%, 0.04160 wt%, and 0.0823 wt%. The plasmon peak of patchy silica-filled nanocomposite overlapped with the absorption of Irgacure 784 photoinitiator and green LED light emission peak. The effect of plasmon-enhanced polymerization achieved with green light illumination was analyzed using diametral tensile strength (DTS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi), and degree of conversion (DC) based on Raman spectroscopy. The values of the Au NP with 0.0208 wt% was found to be maximum in all the measured data. Based on our result, it can be concluded that the application of patchy silica particles in dental resin can improve the polymerization ratio and the mechanical parameters of the composite.
Extracellular microRNAs in Relation to Weight Loss—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Veie Camilla H. B. , Nielsen Isabella M. T. , Frisk Nanna L. S. , Dalgaard Louise T.
Published: September 2023

Obesity is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Even a modest weight loss of 5–15% improves metabolic health, but circulating markers to indicate weight loss efficiency are lacking. MicroRNAs, small non-coding post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, are secreted from tissues into the circulation and may be potential biomarkers for metabolic health. However, it is not known which specific microRNA species are reproducibly changed in levels by weight loss. In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the microRNAs associated with weight loss by comparing baseline to follow-up levels following intervention-driven weight loss. This systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines with searches in PubMed and SCOPUS. The primary search resulted in a total of 697 articles, which were screened according to the prior established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Following the screening of articles, the review was based on the inclusion of 27 full-text articles, which were evaluated for quality and the risk of bias. We performed systematic data extraction, whereafter the relative values for miRNAs were calculated. A meta-analysis was performed for the miRNA species investigated in three or more studies: miR-26a, miR-126, and miR-223 were overall significantly increased following weight loss, while miR-142 was significantly decreased after weight loss. miR-221, miR-140, miR-122, and miR-146 were not significantly changed by intervention-driven weight loss. These results indicate that few miRNAs are significantly changed during weight loss.
Dermacentor variabilis Does Not Transstadially Transmit the U.S. Isolate of Theileria orientalis Ikeda: A Controlled Acquisition and Transmission Study
Authors: Onzere Cynthia K. , Hassan Amany , Herndon David R. , Oyen Kennan , Poh Karen C. , Scoles Glen A. , Fry Lindsay M.
Published: September 2023

Theileria orientalis Ikeda, an emerging U.S. bovine hemoparasite, causes anemia, abortion, ill-thrift, and occasionally death. While Haemaphysalis longicornis is the primary vector, it is possible that other U.S. ticks are capable of parasite transmission and may contribute to disease spread. Dermacentor variabilis is highly prevalent in the U.S., exhibits a similar geographical distribution to T. orientalis, and is a competent vector of the related parasite, Theileria equi. Herein, we conducted controlled acquisition and transmission studies using splenectomized calves to assess whether D. variabilis can transstadially transmit T. orientalis. D. variabilis nymphs were applied to an infected, splenectomized calf for parasite acquisition and subsequently incubated to molt into adults. Freshly molted adults were applied to two splenectomized T. orientalis-naïve calves to investigate parasite transmission. Calves were monitored for 59 days, and no evidence of parasite transmission was detected using PCR for the T. orientalis Ikeda major piroplasm surface protein gene, blood smear cytology, complete blood counts, or physical examination. Salivary glands from a subset of D. variabilis adults were assessed for T. orientalis using PCR, and the parasite was not detected. These findings support the conclusion that D. variabilis is not capable of transstadial transmission of the U.S. T. orientalis Ikeda isolate.
Pathophysiology, Management, and Therapeutics in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia: An Overview
Authors: Sanicola Henry W. , Stewart Caleb E. , Luther Patrick , Yabut Kevin , Guthikonda Bharat , Jordan J. Dedrick , Alexander J. Steven
Published: September 2023

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a type of hemorrhagic stroke resulting from the rupture of an arterial vessel within the brain. Unlike other stroke types, SAH affects both young adults (mid-40s) and the geriatric population. Patients with SAH often experience significant neurological deficits, leading to a substantial societal burden in terms of lost potential years of life. This review provides a comprehensive overview of SAH, examining its development across different stages (early, intermediate, and late) and highlighting the pathophysiological and pathohistological processes specific to each phase. The clinical management of SAH is also explored, focusing on tailored treatments and interventions to address the unique pathological changes that occur during each stage. Additionally, the paper reviews current treatment modalities and pharmacological interventions based on the evolving guidelines provided by the American Heart Association (AHA). Recent advances in our understanding of SAH will facilitate clinicians’ improved management of SAH to reduce the incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia in patients.
Moral Partiality and Duties of Love
Authors: Brogaard Berit
Published: September 2023

In this paper, I make a case for the view that we have special relationship duties (also known as “associative duties”) that are not identical to or derived from our non-associative impartial moral obligations. I call this view “moral partialism”. On the version of moral partialism I defend, only loving relationships can normatively ground special relationship duties. I propose that for two capable adults to have a loving relationship, they must have mutual non-trivial desires to promote each other’s interests or flourishing and to respect each other’s core values. Along the way, I critically ascertain three alternative accounts of what normatively grounds special relationship duties and argue that my proposed view avoids the problems plaguing the alternatives.
Carbon-Based Materials for Energy Storage Devices: Types and Characterization Techniques
Authors: Escobar-Teran Freddy , Perrot Hubert , Sel Ozlem
Published: September 2023

The urgent need for efficient energy storage devices (supercapacitors and batteries) has attracted ample interest from scientists and researchers in developing materials with excellent electrochemical properties. Electrode material based on carbon, transition metal oxides, and conducting polymers (CPs) has been used. Among these materials, carbon has gained wide attention in Electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLC) due to its variable morphology of pores and structural properties as well as its remarkable electrical and mechanical properties. In this context, the present review article summarizes the history of supercapacitors and the basic function of these devices, the type of carbon electrode materials, and the different strategies to improve the performance of these devices. In addition, we present different approaches to studying the charging mechanism of these devices through different electrochemical techniques existing in the literature, since a deeper understanding of the interfacial charge storage mechanisms is also crucial in the elaboration and performance of the electrode material. We make a comparison of the different techniques and present their advantages and challenges. Taking these advances into account, we consider that the coupling between two methods/techniques provides a better understanding of the charge storage mechanisms in energy storage devices.
Gene Expression Analysis of Different Organs and Identification of AP2 Transcription Factors in Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)
Authors: Qi Fan , Wang Fu , Xiaoyang Chunxiao , Wang Zhenhui , Lin Yujie , Peng Zhanwu , Zhang Jun , Wang Ningning , Zhang Jian
Published: September 2023

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an important oilseed crop widely cultivated for its oil and fiber. This study conducted transcriptome analysis to analyze the gene expression profiles of roots, leaves, stamens, pistils, and fruits in the flax cultivar Longya10. A total of 43,471 genes were detected in the RNA-seq data, with 34,497 genes showing differential expression levels between different organs. Gene expression patterns varied across different organs, with differences observed in expression-regulating genes within specific organs. However, 23,448 genes were found to be commonly expressed across all organs. Further analysis revealed organ-specific gene expressions, with 236, 690, 544, 909, and 1212 genes identified in pistils, fruits, leaves, roots, and stamens, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed on these organ-specific genes, and significant enrichment was observed in various biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions, providing new insights for the specific growth patterns of flax organs. Furthermore, we investigated the expression differences of AP2 transcription factors in various tissues and organs of Longya10. We identified 96 AP2 genes that were differentially expressed in different organs and annotated them into various biological pathways. Our results suggest that AP2 transcription factors may play important roles in regulating the growth and development of flax organs including stress response. In summary, our study provides a comprehensive analysis of gene expression patterns in different organs and tissues of flax plant and identifies potential critical regulators of flax organ growth and development. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying flax organ development and may have important implications for the genetic improvement of flax crops.
The Pursuit of Energy Reduction in Generation of Stable Nanobubbles
Authors: Ulatowski Karol , Cecuga Andrzej , Sobieszuk Paweł
Published: September 2023

The repeatable and cost-efficient generation of nanobubbles is still a challenge. In most cases, the hydrodynamic generation of nanobubbles is used at larger scales. Therefore, every cost reduction possible in nanobubble generation is needed. In this work, we decided to check how the generation of nanobubbles changes when the surrounding liquid properties change. The generation of nanobubbles was carried out in a novel setup, designed by us. We investigated the minimum liquid velocity needed for nanobubble generation and propose correlations describing this based on the physicochemical properties of the liquid and gas phases. As carbon dioxide nanobubbles are commonly used for the treatment of ischemia and chronic wounds, the investigation of their stability enhancement is crucial for the wider public. We investigated the minimum rotation rate of the impeller needed for CO2 nanobubble generation and the influence of a biomedical surfactant (Pluronic P-123) addition and concentration change on the size of nanobubbles and their stability over time. Nanobubbles were stable in the presence of surfactant additions and showed the impact of both changes in generation time and shear stress on their size. We hope that this study will be a step in the direction of the cost-efficient generation of stable carbon dioxide nanobubble dispersions.
Insights into the Adsorption Performance of Emerging Contaminants on Granular Activated Carbon
Authors: Lee Sang-Hoon , Kim Namgyu , Park Donghee
Published: September 2023

Emerging contaminants are being detected at a high frequency, posing significant environmental and human health challenges. This study aimed to investigate the potential of using commercial granular activated carbon for adsorbing nine aqueous emerging contaminants (carbamazepine, phenacetin, pentoxifylline, norfloxacin, iprobenfos, isoprothiolane, metolachlor, tebuconazole, and hexaconazole). The adsorption study involved employing kinetic and isotherm models, using various concentrations of emerging contaminants and sorbents in a batch system. Additionally, the study explored the correlation between the characteristics of emerging contaminants and their adsorption values, which displayed a relatively linear relationship. While some previous papers have evaluated the performance of one or two substances, there is a lack of research on the adsorption mechanisms of all nine aqueous emerging contaminants. Therefore, the findings from this study on the adsorption potential of granular activated carbon can serve as a valuable foundation for further investigations into its effectiveness in adsorbing emerging contaminants.
Harnessing the Potential of the Metaverse and Artificial Intelligence for the Internet of City Things: Cost-Effective XReality and Synergistic AIoT Technologies
Authors: Bibri Simon Elias , Jagatheesaperumal Senthil Kumar
Published: September 2023

The Metaverse represents an always-on 3D network of virtual spaces, designed to facilitate social interaction, learning, collaboration, and a wide range of activities. This emerging computing platform originates from the dynamic convergence of Extended Reality (XR), Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT), and platform-mediated everyday life experiences in smart cities. However, the research community faces a pressing challenge in addressing the limitations posed by the resource constraints associated with XR-enabled IoT applications within the Internet of City Things (IoCT). Additionally, there is a limited understanding of the synergies between XR and AIoT technologies in the Metaverse and their implications for IoT applications within this framework. Therefore, this study provides a detailed overview of the literature on the potential applications, opportunities, and challenges pertaining to the deployment of XR technologies in IoT applications within the broader framework of IoCT. The primary focus is on navigating the challenges pertaining to the IoT applications powered by VR and AR as key components of MR in the Metaverse. This study also explores the emerging computing paradigm of AIoT and its synergistic interplay with XR technologies in the Metaverse and in relation to future IoT applications in the realm of IoCT. This study’s contributions encompass a comprehensive literature overview of XR technologies in IoT and IoCT, providing a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners. It identifies challenges and resource constraints, identifying areas that require further investigation. It fosters interdisciplinary insights into XR, IoT, AIoT, smart cities, and IoCT, bridging the gap between them. Lastly, it offers innovation pathways for effective XR deployment in future IoT/AIoT applications within IoCT. These contributions collectively advance our understanding of synergistic opportunities and complementary strengths of cutting-edge technologies for advancing the emerging paradigms of urban development.
Performance Evaluation of Emerging Perovskite Photovoltaic Energy-Harvesting System for BIPV Applications
Authors: Olzhabay Yerassyl , Hamidi Muhammad N. , Ishak Dahaman , Marzuki Arjuna , Ng Annie , Ukaegbu Ikechi A.
Published: September 2023

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are emerging photovoltaics (PVs) with promising optoelectronic characteristics. PSCs can be semitransparent (ST), which is beneficial in many innovative applications, including building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs). While PSCs exhibit excellent performance potential, enhancements in their stability and scalable manufacturing are required before they can be widely deployed. This work evaluates the real-world effectiveness of using PSCs in BIPVs to accelerate the development progress toward practical implementation. Given the present constraints on PSC module size and efficiency, bus stop shelters are selected for investigation in this work, as they provide a suitably scaled application representing a realistic near-term test case for early-stage research and engineering. An energy-harvesting system for a bus stop shelter in Astana, Kazakhstan, demonstrates the potential performance evaluation platform that can be used for perovskite solar cell modules (PSCMs) in BIPVs. The system includes maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and charge controllers, which can supply PSCM energy to the electronic load. Based on our design, the bus stop shelter has non-transparent and ST PSCMs on the roof and sides, respectively. May (best-case) and December (worst-case) scenarios are considered. According to the results, the PSCMs-equipped bus stop shelter can generate sufficient daily energy for load even in a worst-case scenario.
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of a Sandy Loam under No-Till and Intensive Tillage in a Corn–Soybean Rotation
Authors: Jabro Jalal D. , Stevens William B. , Iversen William M. , Sainju Upendra M. , Allen Brett L.
Published: September 2023

Tillage management practices have a dynamic impact on soil hydraulic properties and processes. There is a need for information about the effect of tillage practices on soil hydraulic properties for crops growing under sprinkler irrigation in the northern Great Plains. A long-term study was conducted from 2014 to 2018 to examine the effect of no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) on the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of a sandy loam soil in a two-year corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation. In situ Ks measurements were taken in the center of crop rows within NT and CT plots using a pressure ring infiltrometer at the soil surface (0–15 cm) and a constant head well permeameter at the subsurface (15–30 cm). Results indicated that Ks values were well described by a log-normal distribution at both depths. Results showed that logarithmic Ks (log Ks) was not significantly impacted by tillage. Averaged over the five-year study, the log-transformed Ks of 100 measurements was not significantly affected by tillage in the surface layer under either corn or soybean nor in the subsurface layer under soybean. However, the mean soil log Ks in CT plots (1.784 mm h−1) was significantly greater than that in NT plots (1.186 mm h−1) in the 15–30 cm layer under corn, while Ks was nearly 50% greater in CT than in NT. Large values for the coefficient of variation (CV%) of Ks measurements exhibited significant spatial variations of Ks among plots within each tillage treatment at both the soil surface and subsurface layers under corn and soybean. Thus, more studies under different soils and cropping systems with a larger sample size per treatment are needed to lower spatial variability within treatments and validate the effect of tillage on soil hydraulic properties.
Evaluating Information Risk Propagation in Complex Public Opinion Environments Based on the Improved Grey Relational Analysis—Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory Method
Authors: Luo Zhanyang , Xue Yumei , Su Jiafu
Published: September 2023

The propagation of information risk in complex public opinion environments not only leads to severe direct reputational losses for companies but also results in significant economic damages. Therefore, during the nascent stage of information risk, identifying potential propagation pathways, determining key dissemination channels, and taking timely measures become crucial. To address this issue, this paper proposes a multi-criteria decision-making method for evaluating information risk propagation in complex public opinion environments. In this method, this paper utilizes probabilistic hesitant fuzzy sets to express the evaluation information, and provide several distance and similarity measurement methods for probabilistic hesitant fuzzy elements. To ensure the rationality of the evaluation indicator weights, this study first applies these distance measurement methods to improve the Grey Relational Analysis—Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (GRA-DEMATEL) method for determining the objective weights of evaluation indicators. Next, this paper uses the Delphi method to establish the subjective weights of each evaluation indicator. Finally, by employing a weight synthesis operator, this paper combines the subjective and objective weights to obtain the final indicator weights. Additionally, this paper utilizes the similarity measurement methods for probabilistic hesitant fuzzy elements to improve the combined compromise solution (CoCoSo) method in evaluating and ranking potential information risk propagation pathways. Furthermore, this paper incorporates the “Probability Splitting Algorithm” to handle probabilistic hesitant fuzzy elements, enabling their application in these methodologies. Finally, based on a case study of information risk propagation in the catering industry, we conducted a sensitivity analysis and effectiveness verification of the proposed approach. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method and its ability to address real-world issues.