bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibition of Low-Carbon Steel Using Chamomile Plant Extract
Authors: Naser Juman
Published: July 2024

The investigation focused on elucidating the corrosion inhibition mechanism of chamomile extract, serving as an environmentally sustainable inhibitor, across various concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 w/v %) applied to carbon steel immersed in a 0.6 M NaCl variations in temperature affect the solution. (303, 313, 323, 333 K). The analytical approach involved Assessment of weight reduction metrics complemented by sophisticated techniques, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were used to analyze the carbon steel surface with and without the extract. The principal aim was to conduct a detailed examination of the development of a layer of adsorption layer. The obtained results consistently validated a positive correlation between inhibition efficiency and extract concentration. SEM imaging visually substantiated a more extensive protective film at higher inhibitor concentrations, and EDS analysis corroborated these findings by detailing the elemental composition of the adsorbed layer. The observed reduction in inhibition efficiency with elevated temperatures suggests a thermodynamic effect, where increased temperatures diminish the adsorption of the inhibitor onto the metal surface.  This comprehensive investigation establishes the potential of chamomile extract as an eco-friendly inhibitor for effectively mitigating corrosion on carbon steel in corrosive environments. The pinnacle of inhibition efficiency, reaching 96.55%, was achieved at the concentration of the inhibitor.
THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE FACTORING CHAIN IN EUROPE IN THE LIGHT OF THE INTEGRATION OF ESG FACTORS
Authors: Arnone Massimo , Leogrande Angelo
Published: July 2024

The competitiveness of financed intermediaries cannot be based exclusively on financial sustainability, i.e. the ability to create profit, but it is also necessary to acquire atransversal vision of sustainability focused on the three ESG dimensions. The paper intends to propose a reflection on the main impacts of the integration of ESG factors on business decisionmaking and operational processes in the financial sector. In this context, we try to understand whatrole FinTech can play in favor of greater sustainability. Furthermore, through an empirical analysis, some determinants relating to social, environmental, and governance issues are identified which influence the volume of financial resources moved in the factoring market at a European level. Machine learning models are also proposed to estimate the volume.
Examination of the Potential Moderating Role of Psychological Wellbeing in the Relationship Between Depression and Thoughts of Self-harm in Autistic Adolescents and Adults: A Two-year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Hedley Darren , Uljarevic Mirko , Bury Simon M , Haschek Alexandra , Richdale Amanda L. , Trollor Julian N , Stokes Mark Andrew
Published: July 2024

Purpose. Autistic people have a significantly increased risk of death by suicide relative to the general population. In non-autistic samples, psychological wellbeing has been shown to moderate the relationship between depression and suicidal ideation, but this model has not been tested in an autistic sample. In this longitudinal study we examined (a) the potential role for psychological wellbeing to moderate the relationship between depressive symptoms and thoughts of self-harm (used as a proxy for suicidal ideation) and (b) the contribution of autistic traits to thoughts of self-harm. Methods. Participants were 209 autistic adolescents and adults aged 15 to 80 years (Mage = 34.20, SD = 15.38 years). Results. At both baseline and 2-year follow-up, 35% of participants reported recent thoughts of self-harm. Wellbeing was associated with autistic traits (r = –0.350 to –0.404) and depression (r = –0.480 to –0.759). Thoughts of self-harm were positively associated with autistic traits and depression (r = 0.242 to 0.659), and negatively associated with wellbeing (r = –0.287 to –0.609). Controlling for baseline thoughts of self-harm, depression (β = 0.254, p = .001) and autistic traits (β = 0.162, p = .007) significantly predicted thoughts of self-harm at 2-year follow-up. Conclusion. Despite a lack of support for the hypothesis that wellbeing would moderate the relationship between depression and thoughts of self-harm, correlational data demonstrated significant associations between wellbeing and both depression and thoughts of self-harm. Future research considering psychological wellbeing as a potential protective factor for suicidality in autistic people is warranted.
A scalable monitoring framework for leaf area index and green area index using 30°-tilted cameras
Authors: Jiang chongya , Guan Kaiyu , Fang Hongliang , Ryu Youngryel , Li Kaiyuan
Published: July 2024

• Leaf area index (LAI) and green area index (GAI) are fundamental plant traits. However, there is a lack of ground observation network for LAI/GAI due to technical limitations. Here we present a new method to achieve continuous LAI/GAI monitoring using ordinary cameras. • By tilting ordinary cameras by 30°, images can cover a large view zenith angle range to measure multi-angular gap fractions and thus to quantify LAI using radiative transfer theory. In addition, using cameras can separate green tissues from non-green tissues. We conducted intensive experiments to evaluate the performance of 30°-tilted cameras and built a countywide LAI/GAI ground observation network. • LAI/GAI derived from 30°-tilted cameras are consistent with LAI-2200 and destructive samplings. The countywide LAI/GAI ground observation network can capture distinct seasonality of corn, soybean, miscanthus, switchgrass, restored prairie and deciduous forest. • 30°-tilted cameras provide an accurate, robust, automatic, standardized and scalable method to acquire spatially-distributed and temporally-continuous LAI/GAI at low cost. It is promising for building a LAI ground observation network at regional and global scales.
IMPLEMENTASI PERAN GURU TENTANG INOVASI PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Faquh Abdullah
Published: July 2024

Implementasi peran guru dalam inovasi pendidikan telah menjadi fokus utama dalampembangunan sistem pendidikan yang dinamis. Studi ini mengeksplorasi pentingnya peranguru dalam mengadopsi, mengembangkan, dan menyebarkan inovasi pendidikan dilingkungan pembelajaran mereka. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif denganteknik wawancara dan observasi untuk mengevaluasi praktik inovatif guru serta faktorfaktor yang memengaruhi implementasi inovasi pendidikan. Temuan menyoroti tantanganyang dihadapi guru dalam mengadopsi inovasi, seperti keterbatasan sumber daya danresistensi terhadap perubahan. Namun demikian, penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwadengan dukungan yang tepat, seperti pelatihan yang sesuai dan kolaborasi antar rekan, gurumampu menjadi agen perubahan yang efektif dalam sistem pendidikan. Implikasi praktisdan rekomendasi untuk pengembangan kebijakan pendidikan juga dibahas.
A comparative study of efficacy of intravenous dexmedetomidine with perineural dexmedetomidine as adjuvant to ropivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block in upper limb surgery
Authors: Roy Nabanita , Md. Babrak Manuar  , Roy Moumita , Bimal Kumar Hajra
Published: July 2024

Background: In supraclavicular brachial plexus block, to prolong the duration of analgesia, many adjuvants have been tried in the past in many studies but an ideal adjuvant remains yet to be discovered. Dexmedetomidine, a selective Alfa-2 adrenergic agonist when added to local anesthetic has been reported to prolong the block duration and post-operative analgesia in various regional blocks.
Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives are to study the onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade, postoperative analgesia, and hemodynamic effects of addition of dexmedetomidine with ropivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block.
Materials and Methods: Sixty patients aged between 18 and 60 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists class I and II, of both sexes, scheduled for upper limb surgery under supraclavicular brachial plexus block were randomly allocated into 2 groups. Group-A received 20 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine in brachial plexus block with 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine as adjuvant perineurally and Group-B received 20 mL 0.5% ropivacaine in brachial plexus block with dexmedetomidine intravenous infusion at 1 μg/kg over 10 min. Intraoperatively non-invasive blood pressure, heart rate, SpO2, and sedation were recorded every 5 min for the first 10 min and every 15 min thereafter till the end. Time of first rescue analgesic, intensity of postoperative pain, and total analgesic required were recorded.
Results: Onset of sensory and motor block was faster in Group-A than Group-B. Duration of analgesia was prolonged in Group-A than Group-B. Hemodynamic stability was better maintained in Group-A than Group-B. Sedation was better in Group B.
Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine as adjuvant to ropivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block is more efficacious in providing faster onset of motor and sensory blocks and prolonging duration of postoperative analgesia with better hemodynamic stability.
Comparison between ultrasonography and capnography for ascertaining placement of endotracheal tube in patients undergoing general anesthesia – A prospective observational study
Authors: Lahiri Swati , Asim Kumar Kundu  , Manjushree Ray
Published: July 2024

Background: Confirmation of the position of the endotracheal tube (ETT) is an essential step for verification of intubation. Failure to diagnose esophageal intubation may lead to fatal consequences. Capnography is the gold standard for confirmation of ETT position, but it is practically impossible to be performed in all situations. Ultrasonography (USG) or “visual stethoscope” can be used as an effective alternative for all intubators in all situations.
Aims and Objectives: The study was conducted to evaluate the ultrasonography (USG) technique with respect to its efficacy to detect the proper endotracheal position of ETT compared to end-tidal capnography among patients undergoing general anesthesia; to compare the time taken by the USG technique with that of capnography for detection of proper placement of ETT; to assess the feasibility of USG to detect accidental esophageal intubation.
Materials and Methods: This prospective comparative cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 68 patients. Both capnography and upper airway USG were performed immediately after intubation to confirm the ETT placement. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of upper airway USG were determined against capnography as the reference method. The time required to determine ETT placement by the two methods was found out and compared. Agreement between the methods was assessed with kappa statistics.
Results: USG detected all three cases of esophageal intubation but could not detect two patients with correct tracheal intubation. Upper airway USG had a sensitivity of 96.92% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 93.54–100%), specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 60% (95% CI: 50.4–69.6%). The Kappa value was found to be 0.735, indicating a good agreement between upper airway USG and capnography for confirmation of ETT placement. Time taken for confirmation of ETT by capnography was 21.68±2.63 s versus 11.44±1.38 s for upper airway USG (P<0.001). USG demonstrated bilateral lung sliding in 60 (88.2%) patients, unilateral lung sliding in 3 (4.4%) patients, and lung sliding was absent in 5 (7.4%) patients.
Conclusion: Real-time upper airway USG is an alternative method of confirmation of ETT that is not only sensitive and accurate but is faster than the current gold standard method, capnography.
Evaluation of different modalities in prevention of seroma formation post-modified radical mastectomy – An observational study from a rural tertiary care center
Authors: Bibaswan Chakrabarty  , Jaya Bagchi Samaddar  , Dwaipayan Samaddar  , Debasis Ray
Published: July 2024

Background: Seroma, a recognized complication of modified radical mastectomy (MRM) delays the administration of adjuvant therapy and also effects adverse events.
Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted to study the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients developing seroma post MRM and compare the effectiveness of different modalities of seroma prevention since there is a dearth of literature on this matter in our sub-Himalayan region.
Materials and Methods: This was an observational study conducted from February 2021 to August 2022 on 60 women with carcinoma breast who underwent MRM. They were studied for sociodemographic profile, cancer characteristics, and seroma prevention techniques and followed up during the study period. Preventive modalities used were quilting, octreotide therapy, suction drains with early drain removal, passive low suction drains, sharp dissection technique, and sclerotherapy. The results were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22.
Results: The mean age was 49.7±9.4 years, 18.3% had hypertension and 10.0% diabetes mellitus, and 58.3% presented with breast lump. Overall incidence of seroma was 23.3%; the highest was observed in sclerotherapy (50%), and the lowest was in quilting (7.1%) (P=0.235). The presence of hypertension (P=0.026) and the non-administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P=0.010) was significantly associated with developing seroma. Sharp dissection was associated with wound infection (33.3%), sclerotherapy with flap necrosis (50%), and quilting with shoulder stiffness (21.4%).
Conclusion: The lowest incidence of seroma was in quilting and the highest in sclerotherapy. Adverse events such as wound infection, shoulder stiffness, and flap necrosis were the lowest among patients discharged with passive drains and highest in sclerotherapy.
Role of platelet-rich plasma in insertion tendinitis
Authors: Nibin Sunny  , Saurabh Agarwal  , Mahesh Navadaya  , Mayank Kumar Singh
Published: July 2024

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) helps in the treatment of various insertion tendinitis, and the recurrence rate will be low. In this study, we used intralesional injections of autologous PRP for the treatment of insertion tendinitis.
Aims and Objectives: Assessment of pain relief following PRP treatment for insertion tendinitis and ascertaining the efficacy of PRP as a treatment option for insertion tendinitis.
Materials and Methods: The study was done at Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi, between January 2021 and June 2022, including 100 patients were applied for the treatment of PRP. We assessed patients before treatment and at three follow-up time points: 2, 4, and 6 months after the end of treatment. During each evaluation, three parameters were noted: Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment- Achilles (VISA-A) score, the Visual Analog Scale, and patient satisfaction according to the roles and Maudsley score.
Results: This was a prospective trial by study design conducted on 100 patients, which included 44 patients with plantar fasciitis and 56 patients with tennis elbow. The response to PRP injection in patients with plantar fasciitis was assessed by the VISA-A score. The pre-injection VISA-A score of patients with plantar fasciitis was 56.82 (mean with SD of 18.015), which improved to 65.45 in the 2nd month (mean with SD −18.857), 4th month with 69.77 (mean with SD–19.823), and at 6 months 71.82 (mean with SD–20.829). Statistical analysis with an analysis of variance test gave a P=0.001. In our study, the patients had gradual sequential improvement in VISA-A score throughout the follow-up, with maximum improvement from the pre-injection score were observed in 2 months (65.45 with SD 18.85).
Conclusion: Autologous PRP injection is a safe and useful modality of treatment in the treatment of insertion tendinitis.
Advanced serological tests – A paradigm shift in the diagnosis of febrile illnesses even with some atypical manifestations
Authors: Sharmila Gupta
Published: July 2024

Background: Fever is a symptom, not a disease. It is the non-specific manifestation of several underlying illnesses.
Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of this study were to determine the serological profile of patients with febrile illnesses, to study their different unusual presentations, and to study patients with coinfections with more than one type of disease.
Materials and Methods: Blood samples from 15,000 febrile patients were collected during the study period of 6 months. Different serological tests were performed in our laboratory based on clinical suspicion and in a few patients, more than one type of tests were done. The unusual presentations of different diseases were studied.
Results: Various percentages of male and female patients were seen suffering from different types of febrile illnesses. The different positive results out of total tests done for respective diseases were dengue (848/7708), vivax malaria (64/800), falciparum malaria (4/800), leptospirosis (95/798), scrub typhus (77/2433), enteric fever (75/1506), hepatitis B (143/9368), hepatitis C (11/9368), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (37/10900), systemic lupus erythematosus (5/158), acute renal failure (66/158), and syphilis (54/583). Different unusual presentations among patients with several diseases were noted, along with their percentages of occurrence. Coinfections among dengue and enteric fever (3%), mixed infection with Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum (0.25%), scrub typhus and Leptospira (15.6%), hepatitis B and hepatitis C (0.649%), hepatitis B and HIV (5%), hepatitis C and HIV (8.33%), and syphilis and HIV (27.68%).
Conclusion: Dengue fever was found to be the most common of all febrile illnesses. The different unusual presentations of those diseases should suggest an improved clinical suspicion and better diagnostic stewardship. Coinfection was most commonly seen among syphilis and HIV and these data must suggest to always looking for associated illnesses in a patient with a single diagnosis.
Demographics and ultrasonography findings of mastalgia in a tier 2 city of India
Authors: Shivangi Tomar  , Rekha Agrawal  , Harshit Shrivastava  , Akhilendra Singh Parihar
Published: July 2024

Background: Breast pain is the second most common breast symptom (after breast lump) for which women seeks medical attention. Breast pain can affect daily life, including sleeping, or physical, social, and work-school life. Mastalgia is one of the common causes for women in tier 2 city visiting health care facility but there are only few studies which focus on demographic findings and ultrasonographic findings in mastalgia.
Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study was to study demographics of breast pain in a tier 2 city and ultrasound evaluation of mastalgia.
Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 143 patients presenting with mastalgia irrespective of focality, duration, or cyclical nature were included. In these patients, we studied demographic profile and ultrasonographic findings in mastalgia.
Results: About 37% women were in 20–29 years of age group and least number was in 70–79 years of age group. About 86% of women in our study were in reproductive age group. Most patient with mastalgia have associated palpable lump (58%) followed by 43% patients with mastalgia and nipple discharge, only 27% of patients have mastalgia alone whereas 4% women have pain with skin changes. The majority (49%) of mastalgia cases fall under the breast imaging-reporting data system (BI-RADS)-I category while cases in BI-RADS-IV and V category were 2 and 1, respectively.
Conclusion: Women in their reproductive age group and in their 3rd decade of life are more prone for mastalgia. Ultrasonography is also helpful in detecting cancers in setups where routine mammography is not possible.
Establishment of reference intervals of oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in a population of West Bengal
Authors: Kapil Deb Lahiri  , Amit Kumar Gupta  , Biswas Utpal Kumar
Published: July 2024

Background: Elevated oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) was significantly associated with the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease as well as retinal vascular diseases but there were no studies to show the reference range of Ox-LDL levels in any Indian population.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to formulate the reference intervals of Ox-LDL cholesterol in a population of West Bengal.
Materials and Methods: Ox-LDL levels of 434 apparently healthy individuals were estimated based on the history, clinical examination, and laboratory investigations. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical package for the social sciences software.
Results: The reference range of Ox-LDL levels for all ages was 34.1±4.9 mol/L in healthy male and 34.5±4.5 mol/L in healthy female. The 2.5th and 97.5th percentile values of Ox-LDL level in the reference population were 27 (0.90 CI = 26.4–27.6) and 42 (0.90 CI = 41.4–42.6), respectively.
Conclusions: Reference intervals for Ox-LDL may help clinicians to predict the future risk for coronary heart disease and retinal vascular disease by taking medical decision limits and also open up the scope for further research for other laboratories to formulate their own reference interval of Ox-LDL.
Direct observation of procedural skills evaluation of suturing skills in surgical interns: A comprehensive analysis
Authors: Sangameshwar Patil  , Anveer Allad  , Jyothi Patil  , Pavankumar M Patil
Published: July 2024

Background: The internship period in medical education serves as a critical phase for students transitioning from theoretical learning to practical application within clinical settings. Surgical specialties, in particular, demand a high level of skill and competence from interns due to the inherent risks associated with surgical procedures. However, there is often a gap between the theoretical knowledge gained in medical college and the practical skills required in surgical practice.
Aims and Objectives: Therefore, keeping all the above facts in mind, the present study was undertaken to implement direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) as a method for evaluating the suturing skills performance in interns.
Materials and Methods: This study focused on an intern in the Department of Surgery, aiming to assess their suturing skills using the DOPS method. A structured workshop was conducted to provide interns with hands-on training in suturing techniques. Subsequently, interns were divided into groups and assessed by assigned assessors using the checklist. Feedback was provided to interns after each assessment session. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires distributed to interns and assessors, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.
Results: Analysis of the data revealed a significant improvement in suturing skill scores among interns following the implementation of DOPS assessments. Mean scores increased substantially from the initial to subsequent attempts, indicating enhanced proficiency in suturing skills. Interns expressed positive perceptions of the DOPS methodology, highlighting its effectiveness in driving learning and improving confidence in performing surgical procedures.
Conclusion: DOPS not only facilitates skill development but also promotes confidence and competence in interns, preparing them for clinical practice. Overall, DOPS emerges as a valuable approach for evaluating and improving suturing skills among interns, contributing to their professional development as competent health-care practitioners.
Stress hyperglycemia as a prognostic indicator of the clinical outcome in patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Latha V  , Shashibhushan J
Published: July 2024

Background: Stroke is gaining worldwide importance as the focus now shifts to non-communicable diseases. According to the World Health Organization, over 15 million people, equating to one in every 400 people, suffer stroke worldwide per year. There are many factors which affect the outcome of stroke – artery involved, size of the infarct, associated co-morbidities, age of the patient, collateral blood supply, and many more. Among those one of the factors proposed is stress hyperglycemia (SH).
Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to identify the occurrence of SH in patients admitted with ischemic stroke and to assess the relation of SH in clinical outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke.
Materials and Methods: The prospective study was conducted on patients admitted to medical college hospitals affiliated with VIMS, Ballari. All patients age more than 18 years presenting with acute-onset ischemic stroke were taken into the study, and GRBS was done at presentation and at every 6th hourly for 48 h to identify hyperglycemia. Hemoglobin A1c was done to rule out overt diabetes and previously undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. Clinical outcome and functional recovery using the modified ranking scale (MRS) were done at the time of admission, at discharge, and at every month for 3 months.
Results: Out of 150 patients, 63 (42%) of them had SH. The majority of patients belong to 60–69 years age group. The mean age of patients with SH was 60.2 years and that of patients without SH was 57.75 years. MRS score at the time of admission and during follow-up was higher in SH patients than no SH patients (P<0.001). Patients with SH were more prone to urinary tract infection (n=19 [SH]; n=8 [no SH] P<0.001), bed sores (n=10 [SH]; n=18 [no SH] P<0.008), lower respiratory tract infection (n=30 [SH]; n=34 [no SH], P=0.000), and duration of hospital stay (P=0.000). Delay in presentation to a health facility after the onset of stroke symptoms was found to be a significant contributing factor in SH patients (P<0.003).
Conclusion: The prevalence of SH in ischemic stroke is high. Patients with SH had longer duration of hospital stay, high mortality rate, higher incidence of complications, and poor functional recovery.
Evaluating the effectiveness and safety of empagliflozin versus liraglutide in managing diabetic dyslipidemia: An observational study
Authors: Motakatla Usha Rani  , Chitra Karuppiah  , Penupothu Sree Nagamani
Published: July 2024

Background: Diabetic dyslipidemia poses a significant risk factor for cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. Empagliflozin and liraglutide are two commonly used medications in diabetes management, yet their comparative efficacy and safety in treating diabetic dyslipidemia remain under-explored.
Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of Empagliflozin versus liraglutide in managing diabetic dyslipidemia.
Materials and Methods: The study enrolled 100 participants with diabetes and dyslipidemia, divided equally into empagliflozin and liraglutide treatment groups. Baseline characteristics, including age, gender distribution, ethnicity, and duration of diabetes, were assessed and compared between the groups. Lipid profiles, encompassing total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides, were evaluated at baseline and after 6 months of treatment. Safety outcomes, such as the occurrence of mild gastrointestinal symptoms, hypoglycemia, and serious adverse events, were also monitored.
Results: Both treatment groups exhibited comparable baseline characteristics. Following 6 months of treatment, both empagliflozin and liraglutide demonstrated significant improvements in lipid profiles. Reductions in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, along with increases in HDL cholesterol, were observed in both groups. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the occurrence of adverse events between the two treatment groups, indicating similar safety profiles.
Conclusion: This study provides evidence supporting the effectiveness and safety of empagliflozin and liraglutide in managing diabetic dyslipidemia. These findings highlight the potential of both medications as viable therapeutic options for patients with diabetes and dyslipidemia.
Safety and effectiveness of ultrasound-guided single injection of 5% dextrose for median nerve hydrodissection in carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Nitya Jha  , Chandan Kumar Jha
Published: July 2024

Background: In carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), conservative management did not show satisfactory results, and some patients required revision surgery due to persistent or recurrent symptoms. Ultrasound (USG)-guided median nerve (MN) hydrodissection with a 5% dextrose injection is an advanced approach for treating symptoms of CTS. We prospectively investigated the patients to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of this approach.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effect of USG-guided nerve hydrodissection using single injection of 5% dextrose on pain, MN conduction parameters, and functional status in patients with CTS of mild–to-moderate grade. The study also predicts about the safety of the procedure.
Materials and Methods: A study was performed in the pain clinic of the tertiary care teaching institute of India for one year. The study included 15 patients diagnosed with mild-to-moderate CTS. The diagnosis was done on the basis of history, physical examination, and a nerve conduction velocity (NCV) study. Patients were given analgesics and NSAIDS and enrolled in the procedure. Parameters used for statistical analysis were Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, NCV study data (sensory conduction velocity [SNCV] and distal motor latency [DML]), and Boston carpal tunnel questionnaire (BCTQ) scores. Pre-injection parameters were compared with parameters 3 months after the injection to show the usefulness of this procedure.
Results: A statistically significant reduction in VAS score was found in 74% of the cases (P<0.05). The nerve conduction study parameters have shown significantly higher SNCV and lower DML latency in 60% of cases (P=0.001 and P=0.001, respectively). Improved BCTQ scores were found in 80% of cases (for the symptom severity scale, P=0.001 and for the functional status scale, P<0.01). No complications such as allergic reactions, sensory loss, or paresis were recorded post-injection. However, transient injection site pain was present in all patients which did not last for more than 24 h.
Conclusion: MN hydrodissection using a single injection of 5% dextrose under USG is a safe and effective approach offering pain relief, better MN conduction, and improved functional status in patients with CTS of mild-to-moderate grade.
Evaluation of cardiac output in neonatal sepsis
Authors: Angana Bhattacharjee  , Chaudhuri Saugata , Maitreyi Basu
Published: July 2024

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by signs and symptoms of infection with or without accompanying bacteremia in the 1st month of life imposing significant cardiovascular compromise which poses a huge burden of morbidity. The essential objective of functional neonatal echocardiography is to recognize features of cardiovascular compromise earlier and help in timely institution of management. This study provides an overview regarding the variability of cardiac output (CO) in neonates with culture-positive sepsis.
Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to assess the variability of CO in term neonates with Gram-positive sepsis and Gram-negative sepsis.
Materials and Methods: The observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics for 18 months in a tertiary care center. 2D echocardiography was performed on all the neonates who came positive for sepsis screen within the first 2 days of institution of antibiotics. CO was calculated from the echocardiographic finding of Aortic Root Diameter (d), Velocity Time Integral, and Heart Rate recorded at the same time. Normal range of left ventricular output has been defined as 150–300 mL/kg/min each.
Results: In Gram-negative group, the mean CO (Mean±SD) of patients was 386.4545±34.2284 mL/kg/min while in Gram-positive group, the mean CO (Mean±SD) of patients was 345.1532±37.6044 mL/kg/min and the variation stands significant at P<0.0001.
Conclusion: This research confers about hyperdynamic circulatory status of neonatal sepsis as reflected by increased CO beyond the normal limit in septic neonates. On comparison, a strikingly higher CO was observed in Gram-negative sepsis group than Gram-positive group.
Effect of Aqueous Extract of Ageratum Houstonianum on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Triticum Aestivum (Wheat)
Authors: Budhathoki Sumitra , Shakya Bimala , Maharjan Sanu Raja , Thapa Lal Bahadur
Published: July 2024

Invasive plants are species that do not belong in a particular habitat but enter and establish themselves there. They are known for their adaptability and competitiveness in different environmental conditions. They tend to compete with crops for crucial resources, including water, light, and nutrients and can hinder crop growth and development through allelopathy. The aim of the current research was to investigate the allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of Ageratum houstonianum on the germination and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings. The aqueous extracts were obtained from the leaves of A. houstonianum at various concentrations, including control, 25%, 50%, and 100%, and applied to pot and petri-plates cultures. The experiment was set up with 5 replicates for both the Petri plates and pot cultures. The study results showed that A. houstonianum aqueous leaf extracts had a significant impact on the germination and growth of T.aestivum. The concentrated (100%) aqueous leaf extracts of A. houstonianum significantly hindered the germination of seeds and growth parameters of T. aestivum. Additionally, the extract treatments of the weed species resulted in changes in soil pH and soil fertility. When invasive weed species grow alongside crops in fields, they may consume a significant number of resources required for crop growth, leading to a decrease in both the quantity and quality of agricultural output. Hence, this study highlights the potential adverse effects of invasive weeds on crop growth and development, and how they can negatively impact agricultural productivity. Therefore, there is a need for effective management strategies to control the spread of invasive weed species and preserve the productivity of agricultural land.
Effect of Nebulized Lignocaine on Prevention of Postoperative Sore Throat following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Bajracharya Ashis Ratna , Bajracharya Gautam Ratna , Thapa Chitra , Bhandari Sabin
Published: July 2024

Post-operative sore throat (POST) is one of the common side effects of general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Several medications have been tried for the prevention of POST. Nebulized lignocaine is easily available, easily administered, cost-effective, and acts immediately with a short duration of action and minimal systemic effects with no long-term residual effects. We conducted this study to find the prevalence of POST when preoperative nebulization with 2% lignocaine is used in patients following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We also studied the factors associated with POST. This study was done in 100 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and received preoperative lignocaine nebulization. The incidence of POST was measured at 0, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively and various risk factors that might have predisposed for the development of POST were also studied. The mean age of the patients was 42.53±12.82 years. A total of 40 patients (40.0%) experienced POST at any time point during the study period. The majority of patients had mild i.e. Grade 1 POST (11-21%). Patients with a BMI > 30 kg/m2, CL grade 4, high cuff volume, airway trauma, higher duration of intubation, and higher pneumoperitoneum duration had a greater incidence of POST at all post-operative periods. We concluded that nebulization of 5 ml of 2.0% lignocaine decreases the intensity and treatment requirement for POST and has minimal side effects. A higher incidence of POST is seen in patients who had a higher CL grading, higher BMI, high cuff volume, airway trauma, higher duration of intubation, and longer pneumoperitoneum duration.
A Hybrid Analysis of Brushless DC Motor
Authors: Kareem A. Abbass Estabraq , M. Ali Amer
Published: July 2024

Brushless DC (BLDC) motors and derives have gained popularity because of numerous advantages. This motor application is achievable since permanent magnet (PM) technology has advanced. It has higher efficiency, reliability, and power with less maintenance due to the absence of brushes. A higher torque-to-mass ratio and long life are two of the most attractive characteristics making it appropriate for high-performance applications. This study describes the hybrid methodology for analyzing a three-phase, four-pole, 1500 W, brushless DC (BLDC) motor with an inner rotor. PI controllers and PWM in Matlab /Simulink, and the chopped current control in Maxwell 2d ae used. BLDC motor modeled by rotation machine export (RMxprt) analytical software and analyzed with a finite element method (FEM) Maxwell 2D software to calculate motor performance, such as torque, speed, and efficiency. The FEM results were verified by comparing them with the results taken from the Matlab/Simulink program and with the aid of the RMxprt software to supply some missing data. The motor torque and efficiency results from Maxwell 2D and Matlab show good agreement. A hybrid FEM-analytical approach is successfully applied to study a BLDC motor using three software packages RMxprt, Maxwell 2D, and Matlab/Simulink despite the lack of motor test data. The RMxprt program offers missing data like stator resistance, stator inductance, and torque constant. It is provided in the design sheet to help us with motor modeling. The successful adoption of the proposed hybrid FEM-analytical methodology will provide a good starting point for future BLDC motor research work
Factores y variables determinantes de la confianza en la relación jefe – colaborador en ejecutivos peruanos
Authors: Aurich-Cornejo Jorge
Published: July 2024

Este artículo trata sobre la identificación de los factores y variables más influyentes en el proceso de construcción de confianza en la relación jefe – colaborador en el contexto de los ejecutivos peruanos distinguiendo dos grupos de factores; los personales y los comportamentales. La investigación fue de tipo exploratorio y empleó un instrumento original diseñado para evaluar profundamente el tema de la confianza. Como método de análisis estadístico se utilizaron árboles de decisión, herramienta de “machine learning” útil en el tratamiento de data no paramétrica. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los factores más importantes en la generación de confianza en el vínculo jefe – colaborador son los comportamentales; específicamente la integridad, la comunicación, la consistencia y la delegación; factores que, a diferencia de los factores personales, son más flexibles y gozan de mayor control de parte de los jefes y que nos permiten concluir y recomendar su cuidado y desarrollo por parte de los directivos dentro de sus organizaciones por la enorme relevancia de la confianza como base del liderazgo y dirección de personas.
Currículo de la carrera de ingeniería mecánica eléctrica y las competencias específicas demandadas por el mercado laboral Peruano
Authors: Romero-Carrión Violeta , Tarazona-Bermúdez Bernabé
Published: July 2024

Se presenta la correlación entre el currículo de la carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica Eléctrica de la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería (UNI), Lima, Perú y las competencias específicas demandadas por el mercado laboral peruano. Para este estudio de caso, se consideró una metodología de enfoque cuantitativo, tipo transversal, diseño no experimental y nivel correlacional, aplicándose una encuesta, a una muestra de cinco docentes de la Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica de la UNI, de profesión Ingeniero Mecánico Electricista y 25 egresados de dicha carrera. Los cuestionarios  evaluaron el currículo de la mencionada carrera, vigente desde el año 2020, y las competencias específicas (competencias técnicas) demandadas por el mercado laboral peruano, además, se aplicó la prueba de hipótesis Rho de Spearman, obteniendo como resultado: (rS = 0,53; p = 0,003). Se concluye que, existe un nivel significativo, con una correlación moderada, entre el currículo de la carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica Eléctrica de la UNI y las competencias específicas demandadas por el mercado laboral peruano, de acuerdo a lo antes mencionado, es recomendable la actualización periódica del currículo de estudios.
Consumo de sustancias adictivas. Una mirada crítica
Authors: Vázquez Velázquez Brenda Alejandra , Arce Arriaga Casimiro
Published: July 2024

En este texto, se busca poner en diálogo distintas voces de autores revisados en torno a la adicción a las drogas. Se discuten las tendencias de consumo, las sustancias, los significados y las motivaciones que facilitan el consumo entre los distintos sectores de la población como son los jóvenes, las mujeres y los adolescentes.
El consumo de alcohol en jóvenes mexicanos. Entre la naturalización y la adicción
Authors: Gómez Gómez Elba Noemí , Vázquez Velázquez Brenda Alejandra
Published: July 2024

Este trabajo pretende ahondar en el creciente problema del alcoholismo, problemática que no es nueva, pero que ha tomado matices particulares en los últimos tiempos, pues a partir de la década de los ochenta —y estas cuatro décadas posteriores— se ha presentado el aumento del consumo de alcohol tanto en nuestro país como en el mundo entero. Para ello, realizamos una revisión crítica de algunas de las causas que han favorecido este aumento del consumo, en particular, en los jóvenes en México, ya que identificamos que es en esta etapa de vida en donde la mayoría inicia el consumo, además de tratarse de una etapa de por sí compleja y determinante en el desarrollo de los sujetos.
EXPLORING HABITAT APPROPRIATION IN THE TRADITIONAL FABRIC OF AIT ATTELI VILLAGE, KABYLIE (ALGERIA)
Authors: Sadjia Halit  , Abderzek Iddir  , Saif Eddine Chettah  , Abdelkader Laafer
Published: July 2024

This article examines the appropriation of housing forms within the village fabric of the Kabylian region in northern Algeria. The region has experienced significant architectural, spatial, and socio-cultural transformations, affecting both existing structures and newly produced forms. The study focuses primarily on spatial and architectural elements, utilizing observations, visits, and surveys of various cases. This is complemented by a socio-cultural analysis based on interviews and survey guides to identify existing housing typologies and the villagers' aspirations, as well as the broader social context. Several types of housing were identified, including villas, blocks of flats, and apartments. Residents appropriate these different types by integrating modern elements while retaining traditional aspects. This duality is evident in both architectural features and socio-cultural practices. The mechanisms of appropriation reveal an ambivalence in how villagers occupy their dwellings: while there is a strong desire for modernity to meet needs for comfort, security, and privacy, there remains a deep attachment to traditional structures and the values, practices, and traditions of Kabylian village society.
Microbiome Dysbiosis in Depression: A Narrative Review
Authors: Amran Nurul Aqilah , Arzmi Mohd Hafiz , Awang Anis Fadhlina Izyani , Zakaria Rozanizam , Lestari Widya , Sheikh Mohamed Hassan Ibrahim , Mokhtar Munirah
Published: July 2024

The comprehensive exploration of the microbial composition of the gut and its role in depression underscores a complex interplay involving alterations in gut microbiome, immune pathways, and inflammatory control. Studies reveal potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets linked to depression, with particular bacterial genera correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms. The dysregulation extends to disruptions in metabolic pathways and functions of bacterial proteins within the gut, contributing to intestinal barrier dysfunction and increased gut permeability. Notably, alterations in microbial composition are observed in various depressive conditions, including major depressive disorder (MDD), post-stroke depression (PSD), and depression during neoadjuvant cancer treatment. The influence of the gut microbiome on the central nervous system and the bidirectional relationship between depression and microbial changes are highlighted. Regulatory interventions, including antidepressants and probiotics, show promise in modulating the gut microbiome and alleviating depressive symptoms. The combination of probiotics with antidepressants emerges as a potential strategy for inducing a balanced microbiome. However, a lack of consensus exists regarding specific bacterial taxa associated with depression, emphasizing the need for further research to refine the therapeutic approaches for managing depression and related mood disorders. This review aims to explore the relationship between microbiome dysbiosis and depression, highlighting the role of dysbiosis as a potential contributing factor to depressive symptoms.
Caspian Sea as a continuation of the history of determining the border of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Baishov Bakyt , Alikulova Nurligul , Demeuova Nurgul , Orazayeva Zhazira
Published: July 2024

The article examines the aspirations of our sovereign state to strengthen its foreign policy since 1991 and the process of demarcation of the border, maintaining good neighborly relations with neighboring countries. One of the most important achievements in solving the problem was the decision in August 2018 to demarcate the Caspian Sea border, which is of strategic importance in strengthening the state border of Kazakhstan, preserving the territorial integrity and independence of the country, ensuring national security. The main purpose of our scientific article is to reveal the historical significance of the actions taken on the Caspian Sea, the latest milestone in the actions of the Republic of Kazakhstan to strengthen the country's borders. The scientific novelty of the work is a comprehensive, concise analysis of the measures taken in the Republic of Kazakhstan to clarify the borders of the country since 1991 and the optimal use of the existing experience of Kazakh diplomacy in defining the status of the Caspian Sea. We believe that some of the results of our research can be applied to the study of this topic.
MODELING OF NOISE SOURCES LOCALIZATION ON A CONSTRUCTION SITE BASED ON RADIAL MICROPHONE ARRAY AND HIGHEST SIGNAL DIRECTION INTERSECTIONS
Authors: Utepov Ye.B. ,   Department of Civil Engineering, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
Published: July 2024

Noise pollution from construction activities affects both workers and nearby residents. This study proposes a new method for localizing noise sources on construction sites. The method uses a radial microphone array and an algorithm based on the highest signal direction intersections. Simulations show this approach can identify noise source locations with relatively decent accuracy. The method localized noise sources within an area of about 180 m² with an average uncertainty of 6 % for single-spot sources. The uncertainties for multiple-spot sources, particularly two-spot sources, were 83.2 % and 6.1 %, depending on the size and number of sources. These results highlight the method's accuracy and its sensitivity to site conditions. Our approach offers lower computational needs compared to existing solutions. Future work will focus on the refinement of the algorithm and integration of IoT technologies for real-time monitoring.