bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived interleukin-28 drives the selection of apoptosis resistant bone metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: McGuire Jeremy J. , Frieling Jeremy S. , Lo Chen Hao , Li Tao , Muhammad Ayaz , Lawrence Harshani R. , Lawrence Nicholas J. , Cook Leah M. , Lynch Conor C.
Published: February 2021

Bone metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) promotes mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) recruitment and their differentiation into osteoblasts. However, the effects of bone-marrow derived MSCs on PCa cells are less explored. Here, we report MSC-derived interleukin-28 (IL-28) triggers prostate cancer cell apoptosis via IL-28 receptor alpha (IL-28Rα)-STAT1 signaling. However, chronic exposure to MSCs drives the selection of prostate cancer cells that are resistant to IL-28-induced apoptosis and therapeutics such as docetaxel. Further, MSC-selected/IL-28-resistant prostate cancer cells grow at accelerated rates in bone. Acquired resistance to apoptosis is PCa cell intrinsic, and is associated with a shift in IL-28Rα signaling via STAT1 to STAT3. Notably, STAT3 ablation or inhibition impairs MSC-selected prostate cancer cell growth and survival. Thus, bone marrow MSCs drive the emergence of therapy-resistant bone metastatic prostate cancer yet this can be disabled by targeting STAT3.
Calcium channel ITPR2 and mitochondria–ER contacts promote cellular senescence and aging
Authors: Ziegler Dorian V. , Vindrieux David , Goehrig Delphine , Jaber Sara , Collin Guillaume , Griveau Audrey , Wiel Clotilde , Bendridi Nadia , Djebali Sophia , Farfariello Valerio , Prevarskaya Natacha , Payen Léa , Marvel Jacqueline , Aubert Sébastien , Flaman Jean-Michel , Rieusset Jennifer , Martin Nadine , Bernard David
Published: February 2021

Cellular senescence is induced by stresses and results in a stable proliferation arrest accompanied by a pro-inflammatory secretome. Senescent cells accumulate during aging, promoting various age-related pathologies and limiting lifespan. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 2 (ITPR2) calcium-release channel and calcium fluxes from the ER to the mitochondria are drivers of senescence in human cells. Here we show that Itpr2 knockout (KO) mice display improved aging such as increased lifespan, a better response to metabolic stress, less immunosenescence, as well as less liver steatosis and fibrosis. Cellular senescence, which is known to promote these alterations, is decreased in Itpr2 KO mice and Itpr2 KO embryo-derived cells. Interestingly, ablation of ITPR2 in vivo and in vitro decreases the number of contacts between the mitochondria and the ER and their forced contacts induce premature senescence. These findings shed light on the role of contacts and facilitated exchanges between the ER and the mitochondria through ITPR2 in regulating senescence and aging.
Asymmetric thinning of the cerebral cortex across the adult lifespan is accelerated in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Roe James M. , Vidal-Piñeiro Didac , Sørensen Øystein , Brandmaier Andreas M. , Düzel Sandra , Gonzalez Hector A. , Kievit Rogier A. , Knights Ethan , Kühn Simone , Lindenberger Ulman , Mowinckel Athanasia M. , Nyberg Lars , Park Denise C. , Pudas Sara , Rundle Melissa M. , Walhovd Kristine B. , Fjell Anders M. , Westerhausen René ,   The Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing, Masters Colin L. , Bush Ashley I. , Fowler Christopher , Darby David , Pertile Kelly , Restrepo Carolina , Roberts Blaine , Robertson Jo , Rumble Rebecca , Ryan Tim , Collins Steven , Thai Christine , Trounson Brett , Lennon Kate , Li Qiao-Xin , Ugarte Fernanda Yevenes , Volitakis Irene , Vovos Michael , Williams Rob , Baker Jenalle , Russell Alyce , Peretti Madeline , Milicic Lidija , Lim Lucy , Rodrigues Mark , Taddei Kevin , Taddei Tania , Hone Eugene , Lim Florence , Fernandez Shane , Rainey-Smith Stephanie , Pedrini Steve , Martins Ralph , Doecke James , Bourgeat Pierrick , Fripp Jurgen , Gibson Simon , Leroux Hugo , Hanson David , Dore Vincent , Zhang Ping , Burnham Samantha , Rowe Christopher C. , Villemagne Victor L. , Yates Paul , Pejoska Sveltana Bozin , Jones Gareth , Ames David , Cyarto Elizabeth , Lautenschlager Nicola , Barnham Kevin , Cheng Lesley , Hill Andy , Killeen Neil , Maruff Paul , Silbert Brendan , Brown Belinda , Sohrabi Harmid , Savage Greg , Vacher Michael
Published: February 2021

Aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are associated with progressive brain disorganization. Although structural asymmetry is an organizing feature of the cerebral cortex it is unknown whether continuous age- and AD-related cortical degradation alters cortical asymmetry. Here, in multiple longitudinal adult lifespan cohorts we show that higher-order cortical regions exhibiting pronounced asymmetry at age ~20 also show progressive asymmetry-loss across the adult lifespan. Hence, accelerated thinning of the (previously) thicker homotopic hemisphere is a feature of aging. This organizational principle showed high consistency across cohorts in the Lifebrain consortium, and both the topological patterns and temporal dynamics of asymmetry-loss were markedly similar across replicating samples. Asymmetry-change was further accelerated in AD. Results suggest a system-wide dedifferentiation of the adaptive asymmetric organization of heteromodal cortex in aging and AD.
Unusual solute segregation phenomenon in coherent twin boundaries
Authors: He Cong , Li Zhiqiao , Chen Houwen , Wilson Nick , Nie Jian-Feng
Published: February 2021

Interface segregation of solute atoms has a profound effect on properties of engineering alloys. The occurrence of solute segregation in coherent twin boundaries (CTBs) in Mg alloys is commonly considered to be induced by atomic size effect where solute atoms larger than Mg take extension sites and those smaller ones take compression sites in CTBs. Here we report an unusual solute segregation phenomenon in a group of Mg alloys—solute atoms larger than Mg unexpectedly segregate to compression sites of {10$$\overline 1$$1¯1} fully coherent twin boundary and do not segregate to the extension or compression site of {10$$\overline 1$$1¯2} fully coherent twin boundary. We propose that such segregation is dominated by chemical bonding (coordination and solute electronic configuration) rather than elastic strain minimization. We further demonstrate that the chemical bonding factor can also predict the solute segregation phenomena reported previously. Our findings advance the atomic-level understanding of the role of electronic structure in solute segregation in fully coherent twin boundaries, and more broadly grain boundaries, in Mg alloys. They are likely to provide insights into interface boundaries in other metals and alloys of different structures.
Hypnotic suggestions of safety reduce neuronal signals of delay discounting
Authors: Schmidt Barbara , Holroyd Clay B.
Published: February 2021

Waiting for delayed rewards is important to reach long-term goals, yet most people prefer immediate rewards. This tendency is called delay discounting. Evidence shows that people are more willing to wait for delayed rewards when they believe that the delayed reward is certain. We hypothesized that feeling safe makes delayed outcomes subjectively more certain, which should in turn reduce neuronal signals of delay discounting. We hypnotized 24 highly suggestible participants and gave them a suggestion to feel safe. We then used EEG to measure their brain responses to immediate and delayed rewards while they played a delayed gratification game. As compared to a control condition without hypnosis, participants that were suggested to feel safe under hypnosis reported feeling significantly safer. Further, their reward-related brain activity differentiated less between immediate and delayed rewards. We conclude that feeling safe makes delayed outcomes subjectively more certain and therefore reduces neuronal signals of delay discounting.
Enhanced fatty acid methyl esters recovery through a simple and rapid direct transesterification of freshly harvested biomass of Chlorella vulgaris and Messastrum gracile
Authors: Loh Saw Hong , Chen Mee Kee , Fauzi Nur Syazana , Aziz Ahmad , Cha Thye San
Published: February 2021

Conventional microalgae oil extraction applies physicochemical destruction of dry cell biomass prior to transesterification process to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). This report presents a simple and rapid direct transesterification (DT) method for FAMEs production and fatty acid profiling of microalgae using freshly harvested biomass. Results revealed that the FAMEs recovered from Chlorella vulgaris were 50.1 and 68.3 mg with conventional oil-extraction-transesterification (OET) and DT method, respectively. While for Messastrum gracile, the FAMEs recovered, were 49.9 and 76.3 mg, respectively with OET and DT methods. This demonstrated that the DT method increased FAMEs recovery by 36.4% and 53.0% from C. vulgaris and M. gracile, respectively, as compared to OET method. Additionally, the DT method recovered a significantly higher amount of palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0) acids from both species, which indicated the important role of these fatty acids in the membranes of cells and organelles. The DT method performed very well using a small volume (5 mL) of fresh biomass coupled with a shorter reaction time (~ 15 min), thus making real-time monitoring of FAMEs and fatty acid accumulation in microalgae culture feasible.
Dominance style predicts differences in food retrieval strategies
Authors: Gomez-Melara Jose Luis , Acosta-Naranjo Rufino , Castellano-Navarro Alba , Beltrán Francés Victor , Caicoya Alvaro Lopez , MacIntosh Andrew J. J. , Maulany Risma Illa , Ngakan Putu Oka , Amici Federica
Published: February 2021

In several species, rank predicts access to food, and subordinates may need specific behavioural strategies to get a share of resources. This may be especially important in despotic species, where resources are strongly biased in favour of dominants and subordinates may more strongly rely on specific tactics to maximize food intake. Here, we compared three macaque species with an experimental set-up reproducing feeding competition contest. Following our predictions, more tolerant species mostly retrieved food in the presence of others and were less dependent on specific tactics. Contrarily, subordinates in more despotic species more likely collected food (1) when dominants could not see food or (2) were attacking others, (3) while “dissimulating”, or (4) “storing food”. Our study reveals that dominance styles reliably predict the probability of using specific food retrieval tactics and provides important insights on the social conditions that might have led to the emergence of tactical deception.
Natural dimethyl sulfide gradients would lead marine predators to higher prey biomass
Authors: Owen Kylie , Saeki Kentaro , Warren Joseph D. , Bocconcelli Alessandro , Wiley David N. , Ohira Shin-Ichi , Bombosch Annette , Toda Kei , Zitterbart Daniel P.
Published: February 2021

Finding prey is essential to survival, with marine predators hypothesised to track chemicals such as dimethyl sulfide (DMS) while foraging. Many predators are attracted to artificially released DMS, and laboratory experiments have shown that zooplankton grazing on phytoplankton accelerates DMS release. However, whether natural DMS concentrations are useful for predators and correlated to areas of high prey biomass remains a fundamental knowledge gap. Here, we used concurrent hydroacoustic surveys and in situ DMS measurements to present evidence that zooplankton biomass is spatially correlated to natural DMS concentration in air and seawater. Using agent simulations, we also show that following gradients of DMS would lead zooplankton predators to areas of higher prey biomass than swimming randomly. Further understanding of the conditions and scales over which these gradients occur, and how they are used by predators, is essential to predicting the impact of future changes in the ocean on predator foraging success.
Recent advances in selective formaldehyde detection in biological and environmental samples by fluorometric and colorimetric chemodosimeters
Authors: Manna Saikat Kumar , Achar Tapas Kumar , Mondal Sanchita
Published: February 2021

In this minireview, we have comprehensively discussed recent advances in the design principles and sensing mechanisms of developed probes and their biological/environmental applications in selective formaldehyde detection.
Ultra-thin two-dimensional molecular crystals grown on a liquid surface for high-performance phototransistors
Authors: Yang Shuyuan , Zhang Yu , Wang Ying , Yao Jiarong , Zhang Lijuan , Ren Xiaochen , Li Xiaozeng , Lei Shengbin , Zhang Xiaotao , Yang Fangxu , Li Rongjin , Hu Wenping
Published: February 2021

Bilayer 2D molecular crystals of an organic semiconductor with poor solubility were grown on a liquid substrate at elevated temperatures. The molecularly thin crystals exhibited superior mobility and photoresponse.
Anti-coke behavior of an alumina nanosheet supported Pt–Sn catalyst for isobutane dehydrogenation
Authors: Gao Xin-Qian , Song Wei , Li Wen-Cui , Lu An-Hui
Published: February 2021

Alumina nanosheet supported platinum-based catalysts exhibited excellent catalytic reactivity and stability with an anti-coke capacity in the isobutane dehydrogenation process due to the abundant defect sites and decreased acidity.
Dehydration of butanol towards butenes over MFI, FAU and MOR: influence of zeolite topology
Authors: de Reviere Arno , Gunst Dieter , Sabbe Maarten K. , Reyniers Marie-Françoise , Verberckmoes An
Published: February 2021

The effect of zeolite topology on the kinetics, selectivity and catalyst stability for the dehydration of butanol is studied experimentally and through microkinetic modeling.
In situ synthesis of hierarchical NiCo-MOF@Ni1−xCox(OH)2 heterostructures for enhanced pseudocapacitor and oxygen evolution reaction performances
Authors: Jiang Chong , Li Shuang , Li Bo , Liu Shan , Dong Wen-Wen , Wu Ya-Pan , Tian Zheng-Fang , Zhang Qichun , Li Dong-Sheng
Published: February 2021

A novel 3D hierarchical NiCo-MOF@Ni1−xCox(OH)2 heterostructure with ultrathin nanosheets was prepared, which could take full advantage of the two components and their unique heterostructure, resulting in superior pseudocapacitor and OER performances.
Heterogeneous catalysts for CO2hydrogenation to formic acid/formate: from nanoscale to single atom
Authors: Sun Ruiyan , Liao Yuhe , Bai Shao-Tao , Zheng Mingyuan , Zhou Cheng , Zhang Tao , Sels Bert F.
Published: February 2021

This review provides an overview of advances on constructing heterogeneous nanostructured and single atom catalysts for CO2hydrogenation to formic acid/formate. The main focus is placed on structure–activity correlations and mechanistic insights.
An enhanced plasmonic photothermal effect for crystal transformation by a heat-trapping structure
Authors: Kong Ting , Zhang Chengyun , Lu Jiangbo , Kang Bowen , Fu Zhengkun , Li Jinping , Yan Lei , Zhang Zhenglong , Zheng Hairong , Xu Hongxing
Published: February 2021

The photothermal conversion efficiency of plasmon-driven crystal transformation is enhanced by a heat-trapping structure.
CoP2/Fe-CoP2 yolk–shell nanoboxes as efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Ganesan Vinoth , Son Jihye , Kim Jinkwon
Published: February 2021

A MOF-on-MOF process affords novel hollow nanocrystals composed of CoP2 yolk and FexCo1−xP2 exhibiting excellent electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction.
Structure, dynamics, and morphology of nanostructured water confined between parallel graphene surfaces and in carbon nanotubes by applying magnetic and electric fields
Authors: Abbaspour Mohsen , Akbarzadeh Hamed , Salemi Sirous , Bahmanipour Leila
Published: February 2021

Applying the electric fields at all three dimensions disappeared the pentagonal shape and the confined water molecules formed a circle shape when the Ex was applied (direction of the CNT length).
Unravelling thermal stress due to thermal expansion mismatch in metal–organic frameworks for methane storage
Authors: Wieme Jelle , Van Speybroeck Veronique
Published: February 2021

Thermal stress is present in metal–organic frameworks undergoing temperature changes during adsorption and desorption. We computed the thermal pressure coefficient as a proxy for this phenomenon and discuss the impact of thermal expansion mismatch.
Correction: Natural polyenic macrolactams and polycyclic derivatives generated by transannular pericyclic reactions: optimized biogenesis challenging chemical synthesis
Authors: Alvarez Rosana , de Lera Angel R.
Published: February 2021

Correction for ‘Natural polyenic macrolactams and polycyclic derivatives generated by transannular pericyclic reactions: optimized biogenesis challenging chemical synthesis’ by Rosana Alvarez et al., Nat. Prod. Rep., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d0np00050g.
Organocatalytic asymmetric allylic alkylation of 2-methyl-3-nitroindoles: a route to direct enantioselective functionalization of indole C(sp3)–H bonds
Authors: Xu Jing-Xiang , Chu Kai-Ti , Chiang Ming-Hsi , Han Jeng-Liang
Published: February 2021

A direct catalytic asymmetric functionalization of 2-methyl-3-nitroindoles using organocatalysis has been developed.
“On water” nano-Cu2O-catalyzed CO-free one-pot multicomponent cascade cyanation–annulation–aminolysis reaction toward phthalimides
Authors: Wen Xiaowei , Liu Xiaojuan , Yang Zhiqi , Xie Menglan , Liu Yuxi , Long Lipeng , Chen Zhengwang
Published: February 2021

An efficient nano-Cu2O-catalyzed CO-free reaction toward phthalimides from 2-halobenzoic acids, TMSCN and amines “on water”.
Identification of inhibitors of UDP-galactopyranose mutaseviacombinatorialin situscreening
Authors: Fu Jian , Fu Huixiao , Xia Yufen , N'Go Inès , Cao Jun , Pan Weidong , Vincent Stéphane P.
Published: February 2021

Anin situscreening assay for UDP-galactopyranose mutase (UGM, an essential enzyme ofM. tuberculosiscell wall biosynthesis) has been developed to discover novel UGM inhibitors.
Correction: Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed oxidative alkylation of N-aryl-7-azaindoles with cyclopropanols
Authors: Liu Jidan , Jiang Jinyuan , Yang Zhenke , Zeng Qiaohai , Zheng Jieying , Zhang Siying , Zheng Liyao , Zhang Shang-Shi , Liu Zhao-Qing
Published: February 2021

Correction for ‘Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed oxidative alkylation of N-aryl-7-azaindoles with cyclopropanols’ by Jidan Liu et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02323j.
Enabling photocatalytic activity of [Ru(2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine)2]2+ integrated into a metal–organic framework
Authors: Luo Dong , Zuo Tao , Zheng Ji , Long Zi-Hao , Wang Xue-Zhi , Huang Yong-Liang , Zhou Xiao-Ping , Li Dan
Published: February 2021

A multicomponent metal–organic framework is constructed to incorporate the bis-terpyridyl ruthenium motif, which was considered poorly photoactive, through a stepwise reticular synthesis to arouse its photosensitiveness for producing singlet oxygen.
Retraction: MicroRNA-1271 modulates hepatitis B virus replication, cell proliferation and apoptosis in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting SIRT1
Authors: Fisher Laura
Published: February 2021

Retraction of ‘MicroRNA-1271 modulates hepatitis B virus replication, cell proliferation and apoptosis in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting SIRT1’ by Fei Tang et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 39904–39913, DOI: 10.1039/C9RA08248D.
Retraction: High-throughput metabolomics identifies serum metabolic signatures in acute kidney injury using LC-MS combined with pattern recognition approach
Authors: Fisher Laura
Published: February 2021

Retraction of ‘High-throughput metabolomics identifies serum metabolic signatures in acute kidney injury using LC-MS combined with pattern recognition approach’ by Hai-Hong Li et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 14838–14847, DOI: 10.1039/C8RA01749B
Retraction: Long non-coding RNA MEG3 inhibits cell proliferation, migration, invasion and enhances apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells by regulating the miR-31-5p/TIMP3 axis
Authors: Fisher Laura
Published: February 2021

Retraction of ‘Long non-coding RNA MEG3 inhibits cell proliferation, migration, invasion and enhances apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells by regulating the miR-31-5p/TIMP3 axis’ by Kui Li et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 38200–38208, DOI: 10.1039/C9RA07880K.
Retraction: miR-199a-3p knockdown inhibits dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) cell viability and enhances apoptosis through targeting casein kinase-1 alpha (CK1α)
Authors: Fisher Laura
Published: February 2021

Retraction of ‘miR-199a-3p knockdown inhibits dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) cell viability and enhances apoptosis through targeting casein kinase-1 alpha (CK1α)’ by Ye Cao et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 22755–22763, DOI: 10.1039/C9RA01491H.
Phase transition of fibrillarin LC domain regulates localization and protein interaction of fibrillarin
Authors: Kim Eunji , Kwon Ilmin
Published: February 2021

A key nucleolar protein, fibrillarin, has emerged as an important pharmacological target as its aberrant expression and localization are related to tumorigenesis, chemoresistance and poor survival in breast cancer patients. Fibrillarin contains a N-terminal low complexity sequence (LC) domain with a skewed amino acid distribution, which is known to undergo a phase transition to liquid-like droplets. However, the underlying mechanism of the phase transition of the fibrillarin LC domain and its physiological function are still elusive. In this study, we show that the localization of fibrillarin and its association with RNA binding proteins is regulated by this phase transition. Phenylalanine-to-serine substitutions of the phenylalanine:glycine repeats in the fibrillarin LC domain impede its phase transition into liquid-like droplets, as well as the hydrogel-like state composed of polymers, and also its incorporation into hydrogel or liquid-like droplets composed of wild-type LC domains. When expressed in cultured cells, fibrillarin containing the mutant LC domain fails to localize to the dense fibrillar component of nucleoli in the same way as intact fibrillarin. Moreover, the phase transition of the fibrillarin LC domain is required for the interaction of fibrillarin with other RNA binding proteins, such as FUS, TAF15, DDX5 and DHX9. Taken together, the results suggest that the phenylalanine residues in the LC domain are critical for the phase transition of fibrillarin, which in turn regulates the sub-nucleolar localization of fibrillarin and its interaction with RNA binding proteins, providing a useful framework for regulating the function of fibrillarin.
Exploring the mechanism of (-)-Epicatechin on premature ovarian insufficiency based on network pharmacology and experimental evaluation
Authors: Yan Fei , Zhao Qi , Gao Huanpeng , Wang Xiaomei , Xu Ke , Wang Yishu , Han Fuguo , Liu Qingfei , Shi Yun
Published: February 2021

Methods: Relevant potential targets for EC were obtained based on Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database (TCMSP), a bioinformatics analysis tool for molecular mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (BATMAN-TCM) and STITCH databases. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) and GeneCards databases were utilized to screen the known POI-related targets, while Cytoscape software was used for network construction and visualization. Then, the Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis were carried out by the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database. Furthermore, KGN cells were performed to validate the predicted results in oxidative stress (OS) model, and antioxidant effect was examined.

Results: A total of 70 potential common targets for EC in the treatment of POI were obtained through network pharmacology. Metabolic process, response to stimulus and antioxidant activity occupied a leading position of Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that PI3K/protein kinase B (AKT), TNF, estrogen, VEGF and MAPK signaling pathways were significantly enriched. In addition, cell experiments showed that EC exhibited antioxidant effects in an H2O2-mediated OS model in ovarian granulosa cells by regulating the expression of PI3K/AKT/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway and multiple downstream antioxidant enzymes.

Conclusion: EC could regulate multiple signaling pathways and several biological processes (BPs). EC had the ability to down-regulate elevated OS level through the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway and represented a potential novel treatment for POI.
Space: the final frontier — achieving single-cell, spatially resolved transcriptomics in plants
Authors: Gurazada Sai Guna Ranjan , Cox Kevin L. , Czymmek Kirk J. , Meyers Blake C.
Published: February 2021

Single-cell RNA-seq is a tool that generates a high resolution of transcriptional data that can be used to understand regulatory networks in biological systems. In plants, several methods have been established for transcriptional analysis in tissue sections, cell types, and/or single cells. These methods typically require cell sorting, transgenic plants, protoplasting, or other damaging or laborious processes. Additionally, the majority of these technologies lose most or all spatial resolution during implementation. Those that offer a high spatial resolution for RNA lack breadth in the number of transcripts characterized. Here, we briefly review the evolution of spatial transcriptomics methods and we highlight recent advances and current challenges in sequencing, imaging, and computational aspects toward achieving 3D spatial transcriptomics of plant tissues with a resolution approaching single cells. We also provide a perspective on the potential opportunities to advance this novel methodology in plants.
A Nonrandomized Trial for Student Teachers of an In-Person and Telepractice Global Voice Prevention and Therapy Model With Estill Voice Training Assessed by the VoiceEvalU8 App
Authors: Grillo Elizabeth U.
Published: February 2021

Purpose

This study investigated the effects of the in-person and telepractice Global Voice Prevention and Therapy Model (GVPTM) treatment conditions and a control condition with vocally healthy student teachers.

Method

In this single-blinded, nonrandomized trial, 82 participants completed all aspects of the study. Estill Voice Training was used as the stimulability component of the GVPTM to train multiple new voices meeting all the vocal needs of the student teachers. Outcomes were assessed using acoustic, perceptual, and aerodynamic measures captured by the VoiceEvalU8 app at pre and post in fall and during student teaching in spring.

Results

Significant improvements were achieved for several acoustic and perceptual measures in the treatment conditions, but not in the control condition. The in-person and telepractice conditions produced similar results. The all-voiced phrase and connected speech were more successful in demonstrating voice change for some of the perturbation measures as compared to sustained /a/.

Conclusions

The treatment conditions were successful in improving the participants' voices for fundamental frequency and some acoustic perturbation measures while maintaining the improvements during student teaching. In addition, the treatment conditions were successful in decreasing the negative impact of voice-related quality of life and vocal fatigue during student teaching. Future research should address the effectiveness of the various components of the GVPTM, the application of the GVPTM with patients with voice disorders, the relevance of defining auditory–perceptual terms by the anatomy and physiology of the voice production system (i.e., Estill Voice Training), and the continued use of the VoiceEvalU8 app for clinical voice investigations.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13626824
Deficits of Learning in Procedural Memory and Consolidation in Declarative Memory in Adults With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Earle F. Sayako , Ullman Michael T.
Published: February 2021

Purpose

This study examined procedural and declarative learning and consolidation abilities in adults with developmental language disorder (DLD) relative to their typical language (TD) peers.

Method

A total of 100 young adults (age 18–24 years) with (
n
= 21) and without (
n
= 79) DLD participated across two sites. Performance measures on a recognition memory task and a serial reaction time task were used to assess declarative and procedural memory, respectively. Performance was measured shortly after learning (8 a.m.) and again after a 12-hr, overnight delay (8 a.m.).

Results

Linear mixed-effects modeling was used to examine the effects of time and group membership on task performance. For the serial reaction time task, there were significant effects of group (TD > DLD) and time (Day 1 > Day 2), but no interaction between them. For the recognition memory task, there was a significant interaction between group and time, driven by overnight gains in the TD group, combined with stable performance across days by those with DLD.

Conclusions

In procedural memory, adults with DLD demonstrate a learning deficit relative to adults without DLD, but appear to have comparable retention of learned information. In declarative memory, adults with DLD demonstrate a deficit in the overnight enhancement of memory retrieval, despite typical-like learning exhibited when tested shortly after encoding.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13626485
Vowel Production in Prelingually Deafened Mandarin-Speaking Children With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Yang Jing , Xu Li
Published: February 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to characterize the acoustic profile and to evaluate the intelligibility of vowel productions in prelingually deafened, Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants (CIs).

Method

Twenty-five children with CIs and 20 age-matched children with normal hearing (NH) were recorded producing a list of Mandarin disyllabic and trisyllabic words containing 20 Mandarin vowels [a, i, u, y, ɤ, ɿ, ʅ, ai, ei, ia, ie, ye, ua, uo, au, ou, iau, iou, uai, uei] located in the first consonant–vowel syllable. The children with CIs were all prelingually deafened and received unilateral implantation before 7 years of age with an average length of CI use of 4.54 years. In the acoustic analysis, the first two formants (F1 and F2) were extracted at seven equidistant time locations for the tested vowels. The durational and spectral features were compared between the CI and NH groups. In the vowel intelligibility task, the extracted vowel portions in both NH and CI children were presented to six Mandarin-speaking, NH adult listeners for identification.

Results

The acoustic analysis revealed that the children with CIs deviated from the NH controls in the acoustic features for both single vowels and compound vowels. The acoustic deviations were reflected in longer duration, more scattered vowel categories, smaller vowel space area, and distinct formant trajectories in the children with CIs in comparison to NH controls. The vowel intelligibility results showed that the recognition accuracy of the vowels produced by the children with CIs was significantly lower than that of the NH children. The confusion pattern of vowel recognition in the children with CIs generally followed that in the NH children.

Conclusion

Our data suggested that the prelingually deafened children with CIs, with a relatively long duration of CI experience, still showed measurable acoustic deviations and lower intelligibility in vowel productions in comparison to the NH children.
Treating Childhood Speech Sound Disorders: Current Approaches to Management by Australian Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Furlong Lisa M. , Morris Meg E. , Serry Tanya A. , Erickson Shane
Published: February 2021

Purpose

This study explored the intervention processes used by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to treat children with speech sound disorders (SSDs).

Method

Semistructured, individual, in-depth interviews were conducted with 11 Australian SLPs. Inductive content analysis was used to classify the data to provide a description of current intervention processes for children with SSDs.

Results

Three main factors were identified relating to the intervention processes used by SLPs: (a) target selection, (b) therapy approaches, and (c) structural and procedural aspects of therapy sessions, including feedback. The findings revealed that SLPs often combine elements of four therapies: the minimal pairs approach, traditional articulatory approaches, auditory discrimination, and Cued Articulation. Initial therapy targets typically aligned with a developmental approach or were functional speech targets with meaningful relevance to the child and their family.

Conclusions

These findings contribute to the current state of knowledge about the intervention processes used by SLPs for children with SSDs. The use of hybrid speech pathology therapies, which combined elements of favored approaches, was common. Hybrid methods were intended to help tailor the interventions to individual needs. Client needs were highly prioritized by SLPs and influenced their choice of therapy targets and therapy approaches.
Unravelling stellar populations in the Andromeda Galaxy
Authors: Gajda Grzegorz , Gerhard Ortwin , Blaña Matías , Zhu Ling , Shen Juntai , Saglia Roberto P. , Bender Ralf
Published: February 2021

To understand the history and formation mechanisms of galaxies, it is crucial to determine their current multidimensional structure. In this work, we focus on the properties that characterise stellar populations, such as metallicity and [α/Fe] enhancement. We devised a new technique to recover the distribution of these parameters using spatially resolved, line-of-sight averaged data. Our chemodynamical method is based on the made-to-measure framework and results in anN-body model for the abundance distribution. Following a test on a mock data set we found that the radial and azimuthal profiles were well-recovered, however, only the overall shape of the vertical profile matches the true profile. We applied our procedure to spatially resolved maps of mean [Z/H] and [α/Fe] for the Andromeda Galaxy, using an earlier barred dynamical model of M 31. We find that the metallicity is enhanced along the bar, with a possible maxima at the ansae. In the edge-on view, the [Z/H] distribution has an X shape due to the boxy/peanut bulge; the average vertical metallicity gradient is equal to −0.133 ± 0.006 dex kpc−1. We identify a metallicity-enhanced ring around the bar, which also has relatively lower [α/Fe]. The highest [α/Fe] is found in the centre, due to the classical bulge. Away from the centre, theα-overabundance in the bar region increases with height, which could be an indication of a thick disc. We argue that the galaxy assembly resulted in a sharp peak of metallicity in the central few hundred parsecs and a more gentle negative gradient in the remaining disc, but no [α/Fe] gradient. The formation of the bar leads to the re-arrangement of the [Z/H] distribution, causing a flat gradient along the bar. Subsequent star formation close to the bar ends may have produced the metallicity enhancements at the ansae and the [Z/H] enhanced lower-αring.
Multiwavelength analysis of the X-ray spur and southeast of the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Knies J. R. , Sasaki M. , Fukui Y. , Tsuge K. , Haberl F. , Points S. , Kavanagh P. J. , Filipović M. D.
Published: February 2021

Aims.The giant H IIregion 30 Doradus (30 Dor) located in the eastern part of the Large Magellanic Cloud is one of the most active star-forming regions in the Local Group. Studies of H Idata have revealed two large gas structures which must have collided with each other in the region around 30 Dor. In X-rays there is extended emission (~1 kpc) south of 30 Dor called the X-ray spur, which appears to be anticorrelated with the H Igas. We study the properties of the hot interstellar medium (ISM) in the X-ray spur and investigate its origin including related interactions in the ISM.

Methods.We analyzed new and archivalXMM-Newtondata of the X-ray spur and its surroundings to determine the properties of the hot diffuse plasma. We created detailed plasma property maps by utilizing the Voronoi tessellation algorithm. We also studied H Iand CO data, as well as optical line emission data of Hαand [S II], and compared them to the results of the X-ray spectral analysis.

Results.We find evidence of two hot plasma components with temperatures ofkT1~ 0.2 keV andkT2~ 0.5−0.9 keV, with the hotter component being much more pronounced near 30 Dor and the X-ray spur. In 30 Dor, the plasma has most likely been heated by massive stellar winds and supernova remnants. In the X-ray spur, we find no evidence of heating by stars. Instead, the X-ray spur must have been compressed and heated by the collision of the H Igas.
SEEDisCS
Authors: Spérone-Longin D. , Jablonka P. , Combes F. , Castignani G. , Krips M. , Rudnick G. , Zaritsky D. , Finn R. A. , De Lucia G. , Desai V.
Published: February 2021

We investigate how the galaxy reservoirs of molecular gas fuelling star formation are transformed while the host galaxies infall onto galaxy cluster cores. As part of the Spatially Extended ESO Distant Cluster Survey (SEEDisCS), we present CO(3-2) observations of 27 star-forming galaxies obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array. These sources are located inside and around CL1411.1−1148 at z = 0.5195, within five times the cluster virial radius. These targets were selected to have stellar masses (Mstar), colours, and magnitudes similar to those of a field comparison sample at similar redshift drawn from the Plateau de Bure high-z Blue Sequence Survey (PHIBSS2). We compare the cold gas fraction (μH2 = MH2/Mstar), specific star formation rates (SFR/Mstar) and depletion timescales (tdepl = MH2/SFR) of our main-sequence galaxies to the PHIBSS2 subsample. While the most of our galaxies (63%) are consistent with PHIBSS2, the remainder fall below the relation between μH2 and Mstar of the PHIBSS2 galaxies at z ∼ 0.5. These low-μH2 galaxies are not compatible with the tail of a Gaussian distribution, hence they correspond to a new population of galaxies with normal SFRs but low gas content and low depletion times (≲1 Gyr), absent from previous surveys. We suggest that the star formation activity of these galaxies has not yet been diminished by their low fraction of cold molecular gas.
KiDS-1000 catalogue: Redshift distributions and their calibration
Authors: Hildebrandt H. , van den Busch J. L. , Wright A. H. , Blake C. , Joachimi B. , Kuijken K. , Tröster T. , Asgari M. , Bilicki M. , de Jong J. T. A. , Dvornik A. , Erben T. , Getman F. , Giblin B. , Heymans C. , Kannawadi A. , Lin C.-A. , Shan H.-Y.
Published: February 2021

We present redshift distribution estimates of galaxies selected from the fourth data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey over an area of ∼1000 deg2(KiDS-1000). These redshift distributions represent one of the crucial ingredients for weak gravitational lensing measurements with the KiDS-1000 data. The primary estimate is based on deep spectroscopic reference catalogues that are re-weighted with the help of a self-organising map (SOM) to closely resemble the KiDS-1000 sources, split into five tomographic redshift bins in the photometric redshift range 0.1 < zB ≤ 1.2. Sources are selected such that they only occupy that volume of nine-dimensional magnitude-space that is also covered by the reference samples (‘gold’ selection). Residual biases in the mean redshifts determined from this calibration are estimated from mock catalogues to be ≲0.01 for all five bins with uncertainties of ∼0.01. This primary SOM estimate of the KiDS-1000 redshift distributions is complemented with an independent clustering redshift approach. After validation of the clustering-zon the same mock catalogues and a careful assessment of systematic errors, we find no significant bias of the SOM redshift distributions with respect to the clustering-zmeasurements. The SOM redshift distributions re-calibrated by the clustering-zrepresent an alternative calibration of the redshift distributions with only slightly larger uncertainties in the mean redshifts of ∼0.01 − 0.02 to be used in KiDS-1000 cosmological weak lensing analyses. As this includes the SOM uncertainty, clustering-zare shown to be fully competitive on KiDS-1000 data.
A new instability domain of CNO-flashing low-mass He-core stars on their early white-dwarf cooling branches
Authors: Calcaferro Leila M. , Córsico Alejandro H. , Althaus Leandro G. , Bell Keaton J.
Published: February 2021

Context. Before reaching their quiescent terminal white-dwarf cooling branch, some low-mass helium-core white dwarf stellar models experience a number of nuclear flashes which greatly reduce their hydrogen envelopes. Just before the occurrence of each flash, stable hydrogen burning may be able to drive global pulsations that could be relevant in shedding some light on the internal structure of these stars through asteroseismology, similarly to what occurs with other classes of pulsating white dwarfs.

Aims. We present a pulsational stability analysis applied to low-mass helium-core stars on their early white-dwarf cooling branches going through CNO flashes in order to study the possibility that the ε mechanism is able to excite gravity-mode pulsations. We assess the ranges of unstable periods and the corresponding instability domain in the log g − Teff plane.

Methods. We carried out a nonadiabatic pulsation analysis for low-mass helium-core white-dwarf models with stellar masses between 0.2025 and 0.3630 M⊙ going through CNO flashes during their early cooling phases.

Results. We found that the ε mechanism due to stable hydrogen burning can excite low-order (ℓ = 1, 2) gravity modes with periods between ∼80 and 500 s for stars with 0.2025 ≲ M⋆/M⊙ ≲ 0.3630 located in an extended region of the log g − Teff diagram, with effective temperature and surface gravity in the ranges 15 000 ≲ Teff ≲ 38 000 K and 5.8 ≲ log g ≲ 7.1, respectively. For the sequences that experience multiple CNO flashes, we found that with every consecutive flash, the region of instability becomes wider and the modes are more strongly excited. The magnitudes of the rate of period change for these modes are in the range of ∼10−10–10−11 [s/s].

Conclusions. Since the timescales required for these modes to reach amplitudes large enough to be observable are shorter than their corresponding evolutionary timescales, the detection of pulsations in these stars is feasible. Given the current problems in distinguishing some stars that populate the same region of the log g − Teff plane, the eventual detection of short-period pulsations may help in the classification of such stars. Furthermore, if a low-mass white dwarf star were found to pulsate with low-order gravity modes in this region of instability, it would confirm our result that such pulsations can be driven by the ε mechanism. In addition, confirming a rapid rate of period change in these pulsations would support the idea that these stars actually experience CNO flashes, as has been predicted by evolutionary calculations.
Retraction Note: Linguistic analysis in politically correct discourse (on the English language media content)
Authors: Melnikova Kseniya , Guslyakova Alla
Published: February 2021

The Guest Editors and the Publisher have retracted this article.
Actually, the third author of the article - Lucio Giuliodori - and his affiliation (University of Perugia, Piazza dell'Università, 1, 06123 Perugia PG, Italy) - should be removed from the list of authors of the article, because the author Lucio Giuliodori has been mistakenly included in this article.

Lucio Giuliodori has no implications in this article. The authors Kseniya Melnikova and Alla Guslyakova agree to the retraction.

Request approved on January 25, 2021.
Social touch in mother–infant interaction affects infants’ subsequent social engagement and object exploration
Authors: Tanaka Yukari , Kanakogi Yasuhiro , Myowa Masako
Published: February 2021

Infants’ social touch with caregivers has been considered a means of regulating infant physiological and emotional state. In non-human mammals, such regulatory function also facilitates infant exploration and social behavior. However, the types of social touch in human mother–infant interaction that contribute to specific behavioral responses toward people and objects remain unclear. Using a pre- and post-task design, this study investigated the effects of social touch during mother–infant interactions on infants’ subsequent preferential looking at social stimuli, social engagement with strangers, and object exploration. Between tasks, mothers and infants spent the time playing in one of two conditions, More Physical Contact or Less Physical Contact. We found that infants in the More Physical Contact Condition showed a greater decrease in evasive behavior with the stranger and enhanced object exploration than those in the Less Physical Contact Condition. Conversely, social touch did not affect infants’ preferential looking at static social images. Among the types of social touch, the frequency of affectionate touch reduced evasive behavior to the stranger and facilitated object exploration. These results suggest that social touch, especially affectionate touch, during mother–infant interactions, assist in the modulation of infants’ evasive behaviors toward people and object exploration.
Dyson–Schwinger approach to pion–nucleon scattering using time-ordered perturbation theory
Authors: Blankleider B. , Wray J. L. , Kvinikhidze A. N.
Published: February 2021

We present a simple description of pion–nucleon (πN) scattering taking into account the full complexity of pion absorption and creation on the nucleon. To do this, we solve Dyson–Schwinger equations within the framework of time-ordered perturbation theory. This enables us to construct partial wave separable πN t matrices that can be useful in models of nuclear processes involving fully dressed nucleons. At the same time, our approach demonstrates features of quantum field theory, such as particle dressing, renormalization, and the use of Dyson–Schwinger equations, in a non-relativistic context that is maximally close to that of quantum mechanics. For this reason, this article may also be of pedagogical interest.
Damage in an aluminum alloy induced by the combined action of shear stress and environmental exposure
Authors: Lv Sheng L. , Li Zhi , Gao Xiao S.
Published: February 2021

In this work, the damage mechanism and characteristics of the 2219-C10S aluminum alloy under the combined action of an exfoliation corrosion solution and shear stress were investigated. Simple shear specimens of the material (based on ASTM B831-14) were subjected to environmental exposure experiments under simple shear stress conditions. During testing, a small band-shaped zone of simple shear stress formed in the middle of the exposed region on the specimen surface. After the specified exposure duration in the corrosive medium, the corrosion micromorphology, crack nucleation location, and crack propagation direction were analyzed. The results demonstrated that under the combined action of the corrosion solution and shear stress, tiny pits appeared on the surface of the specimen after a certain exposure duration; the shear stress promoted slip dissolution of the material at the edge of the pit via the shear slip mechanism, resulting in the formation of microcracks from the edge of the pit along the shear stress direction. The microcracks still propagated along the grain boundary in the direction roughly parallel to the shear stress. The shear stress level had no clear effect on the average corrosion depth, but it had a substantial impact on the maximum corrosion depth. With increasing shear stress, the maximum corrosion depth markedly increased along with the risk for corrosion-induced specimen failure. On doubling the exposure duration, both the average corrosion depth and the maximum corrosion depth increased, but the growth rate for the average corrosion depth decreased and it increased for the maximum corrosion depth.