bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Achieving Precision Death with Cell-Cycle Inhibitors that Target DNA Replication and Repair
Authors: Lin Aimee Bence , McNeely Samuel C. , Beckmann Richard P.
Published: March 2017

All cancers are characterized by defects in the systems that ensure strict control of the cell cycle in normal tissues. The consequent excess tissue growth can be countered by drugs that halt cell division, and, indeed, the majority of chemotherapeutics developed during the last century work by disrupting processes essential for the cell cycle, particularly DNA synthesis, DNA replication, and chromatid segregation. In certain contexts, the efficacy of these classes of drugs can be impressive, but because they indiscriminately block the cell cycle of all actively dividing cells, their side effects severely constrain the dose and duration with which they can be administered, allowing both normal and malignant cells to escape complete growth arrest. Recent progress in understanding how cancers lose control of the cell cycle, coupled with comprehensive genomic profiling of human tumor biopsies, has shown that many cancers have mutations affecting various regulators and checkpoints that impinge on the core cell-cycle machinery. These defects introduce unique vulnerabilities that can be exploited by a next generation of drugs that promise improved therapeutic windows in patients whose tumors bear particular genomic aberrations, permitting increased dose intensity and efficacy. These developments, coupled with the success of new drugs targeting cell-cycle regulators, have led to a resurgence of interest in cell-cycle inhibitors. This review in particular focuses on the newer strategies that may facilitate better therapeutic targeting of drugs that inhibit the various components that safeguard the fidelity of the fundamental processes of DNA replication and repair. Clin Cancer Res; 23(13); 3232–40. ©2017 AACR.
Preparation, Characterization and Anti-Ulcer Efficacy of Sanguinarine Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors: Sun Qing , Li Weifeng , Li Huani , Wang Xiumei , Wang Yu , Niu Xiaofeng
Published: March 2017

Aim: This study was designed to develop sanguinarine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SG-SLNs) and investigate its gastroprotective effect on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions in mice. Methods: SG-SLNs were prepared by high temperature melt-cool solidification method using glycerol monostearate as the lipid and a combination of lecithin with poloxamer 188 as the surfactants. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were designed at varying lipid concentrations (5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/mL), surfactant mixture concentrations (6, 12, and 18 mg/mL), and drug contents (5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/mL) in “one factor at a time” fashion. Ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model was performed on Kunming mice to examine the anti-inflammatory activity of SG-SLNs and compare it with sanguinarine (SG). Results: The high temperature melt-cool solidification method provided consistent production of SLNs with smaller size and high entrapment efficiency (EE%). The composition of optimal formulation was 10 mg/mL lipid concentration, 18 mg/mL surfactant mixture concentration, and 15 mg/mL drug amount. The mean particle size and EE% of optimized formulation were 238 ± 10.9 nm and 79 ± 2.8%, respectively. Additionally, SG-SLNs significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 levels in the serum and gastric tissue, and reduced the content of NO in serum, and strengthened the protection of mucosal membrane. Moreover, SG-SLNs treatment markedly inhibited ethanol-induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation when compared with SG. Conclusions: SLNs could be potentially applied as a delivery system of SG. The protective effect of SG-SLNs is due to the suppression of NF-κB expression and subsequent pro-inflammatory cytokines release.
Potassium-Channel-Independent Relaxing Influence of Adipose Tissue on Mouse Carotid Artery
Authors: Laskowski Marta , Andersson Cathrin , Eliasson Emilie , Golubinskaya Veronika , Nilsson Holger
Published: March 2017

Since the cardiovascular consequences of obesity reportedly vary in different types of obesity, we investigated the influence of adipose tissue from different locales on the phenylephrine-induced tone of the mouse carotid artery. Vessels were mounted in a Mulvany-Halpern-type wire myograph, and adipose tissue, from the back (brown) or mesenteric or inguinal subcutaneous (white), was placed around the artery. Contractile responses to phenylephrine were not affected by brown adipose tissue but were reduced (p < 0.001) by either type of white adipose tissue, with no difference between the 2 locales. The relaxing effect persisted in the presence of the Kv7 channel inhibitor XE991 (10,10-bis(4-pyridinylmethyl)-9(10H)-anthracenone), the KATP channel inhibitor glibenclamide (1 µM), or the KV channel inhibitor 4-amino pyridine (1 mM), as well as after elevation of the extracellular potassium concentration to 30 mM. Contractions of rat carotid artery were equally reduced by mouse and rat subcutaneous adipose tissue. Thus, white, but not brown, adipose tissue reduces the adrenergic contractions of the carotid artery with no differences between the locales of origin, and the effect appears largely independent of potassium channels.
Adult Celiac Disease: The Importance of Extraintestinal Manifestations
Authors: Nunes Gonçalo , Barosa Rita , Patita Marta , Fernandes Vítor , Gonçalves Diogo , Fonseca Jorge
Published: March 2017

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated enteropathy driven by gluten and affecting individuals of all ages. The diagnosis of CD in adulthood is emerging and patients often present with nonclassical extraintestinal manifestations. We report the case of a 53-year-old man presenting with neuromuscular symptoms, skin rash, inconspicuous chronic diarrhea, marked weight loss, and biochemical markers of malabsorption. A strong clinical suspicion led to the diagnosis of CD with clinical recovery after the initiation of a gluten-free diet. Clinical presentation with atypical symptoms in adult CD patients is the rule and not the exception. Most of the extraintestinal manifestations depend on background autoimmune phenomena and micronutrient malabsorption. A gluten-free diet re-establishes homeostasis and prevents long-term complications.
Discovering the Relative Efficacy of Inhaled Medications for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Multiple Treatment Comparisons
Authors: Zhu Ying , Zhang Tong , Li Haiyan , Yang Yang , Chen Qiong , Kong Lei , Tai Bo
Published: March 2017

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is managed by three major classes of inhaled medications: inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), long-acting Beta 2-agonist (LABA), long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA). Single inhaled medication is usually replaced by combined inhaled medications for efficacy enhancement. However, this practice should be supported by clinical evidence for large-scale implementations. Methods: The relative efficacy of inhaled medications is determined by three endpoints: changes in the trough forced expiratory volume in 1 second (tFEV1), changes in the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score and the proportion of SGRQ responders which represents a reduction in SGRQ total score at week 24 of ≥4.0. A total of 76 eligible studies were identified in PubMed and Embase. Relevant data were extracted for the purpose of evidence synthesis. Then, raw mean differences (MD) and odds ratios (ORs) were produced by using the network meta-analysis. Results: Patients with ICS + LABA, ICS + LABA + LAMA, LABA, LABA + LAMA, LAMA exhibited significant increases in the tFEV1 compared to those with placebo (P < 0.05). Moreover, patients with ICS + LABA + LAMA exhibited the largest increase in the average tFEV1 and the largest decrease in the average SGRQ scores compared to those with placebo. COPD patients with ICS + LABA + LAMA were far more likely to achieve a significant reduction in the SGRQ scores compared to those with placebo or other inhaled medications (OR > 1). Conclusions: The combined inhaled medication of ICS + LABA + LAMA may be more efficacious than other inhaled medications for COPD patients.
Biological effects of ticagrelor over clopidogrel in patients with stable coronary artery disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Campo Gianluca , Dalla Sega Francesco Vieceli , Pavasini Rita , Aquila Giorgio , Gallo Francesco , Fortini Francesca , Tonet Elisabetta , Cimaglia Paolo , Del Franco Annamaria , Pestelli Gabriele , Pecoraro Alessandro , Contoli Marco , Balla Cristina , Biscaglia Simone , Rizzo Paola , Ferrari Roberto
Published: March 2017

Patients with SCAD and concomitant COPD are at high risk of cardiovascular adverse events, due to chronic inflammation, responsible of endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and heightened platelet reactivity (PR). The objective of this randomised clinical trial was to test if ticagrelor is superior to clopidogrel in improving endothelial function in patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) and concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Forty-six patients with SCAD and COPD undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were randomly assigned to receive clopidogrel (n=23) or ticagrelor (n=23) on top of standard therapy with aspirin. The following parameters were assessed at baseline and after 1 month: i) rate of apoptosis and ii) nitric oxide (NO) levels in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), iii) levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in peripheral blood mononuclear cell, iv) 29 cytokines/chemokines, v) on-treatment PR. The primary endpoint of the study was the 1-month rate of HUVECs apoptosis. The rate of apoptosis after 1 month was significantly lower in patients treated with ticagrelor (7.4 ± 1.3% vs 9.3 ± 1.5%, p<0.001), satisfying the pre-specified primary endpoint. In the ticagrelor arm, levels of NO were higher (10.1 ± 2.2 AU vs 8.5 ± 2.6 AU, p=0.03) while those of ROS (4 ± 1.8 AU vs 5.7 ± 2.8 AU, p=0.02) and P2Y12 reactivity units (52 ± 70 PRU vs 155 ± 62 PRU, p<0.001) were lower. There were no differences in cytokines/chemokines levels and aspirin reactivity units between groups. In patients with SCAD and COPD undergoing PCI, ticagrelor, as compared to clopidogrel is superior in improving surrogate markers of endothelial function and on-treatment PR (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02519608).

Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВЕРБАЛЬНОГО СПІЛКУВАННЯ МЕДИЧНОГО ПРАЦІВНИКА І ХВОРОГО
Authors: Medynska A. V. , Konovalenko S. O.
Published: March 2017

У статті проаналізованo особливості функціонування мовного етикету та культури  у професійній  діяльності медичного працівника. Дані дослідження  дають багатий матеріал для глибшого й повнішого опису сучасного стану функціонування мови у суспільстві в цілому, і зокрема у медичному колективі.
НАДЛИШКОВА МАСА ТІЛА ТА ОСНОВНІ ФАКТОРИ, ЯКІ СПИЯЮТЬ ЇЇ РОЗВИТОК
Authors: Yermolenko N. O. , Zarudna O. I.
Published: March 2017

У статті проаналізовано основні чинники надлишкової маси тіла і запропоновано методи для подолання цієї проблеми.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ МЕТОДІВ МУЛЬТИМЕДІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У НАВЧАЛЬНОМУ ПРОЦЕСІ
Authors: Chornenka T. V. , Konovalenko S. O.
Published: March 2017

У статті висвітлено методи мультимедійних технологій, які використовують в навчальному процесі та вплив їх застосування на ефективність засвоєння знань при використанні комп’ютерної техніки.
ВПЛИВ НЕЙРОЛЕПТИКІВ НА ЗБІЛЬШЕННЯ МАСИ ТІЛА ПАЦІЄНТІВ З ПСИХІЧНИМИ РОЗЛАДАМИ
Authors: Yelena O.
Published: March 2017

У статті розглянуто ключові питання, пов’язані з коефіцієнтом збільшення маси тіла у людей, які страждають від психічних розладів. Показано, що збільшення маси є поширеним побічним ефектом використання антипсихотичних препаратів, що досить швидко розвивається і складно контролюється. Збільшення маси, ймовірно, залежить від середнього терапевтичного дозування препарату. Ефект найбільш виражений при застосуванні клозапіну й оланзапіну; мінімальний при застосуванні арипіпразолу і зипразидону; і займає проміжне місце, порівняно з іншими антипсихотичними препаратами, в тому числі з антипсихотиками першого покоління.
АЛКОГОЛІЗМ У ПІДЛІТКІВ ЯК ВАЖЛИВА МЕДИКО-СОЦІАЛЬНА ПРОБЛЕМА
Authors: Lysyuk I. V.
Published: March 2017

У статті проаналізовано основні чинники розвитку підліткового алкоголізму в Україні та розроблено систему педагогічних заходів з метою  психологічної профілактики вживання алкоголю серед молоді, які рекомендується використовувати в роботі кураторів студентських груп.
Efeitos de ions na contração muscular de molusco gastrópode
Authors: Haeser Pedro Ernesto
Published: March 2017

Apresenta-se uma solução fisiológica para Strophocheilus oblungus musculus, tomando como ponto de partida das experiências, as quantidades dialisáveis do sangue, do mesmo gastrópode. Deu resultados satisfatórios a solução com a seguinte composição calculada em g/L com sais anidros: NaCl : 1.356 g; KCl : 0.178 g; CaCl2 : 0.688 g; MgCl2 : 1.638 g; Na2SO4 : 0.135 g; NaHCO3 : 0.714 g; Glicose : 3.6 g. Se a solução se destinar a estímulos à base de ACh deve-se excluir o MgCl2 e aumentar o teôr de glicose para um total de 12,6 g/L.
Estudo dos protozoários ciliados psamófilos do litoral brasileiro
Authors: Kattar Monir Ragel
Published: March 2017

Estudaram-se diferentes características (granulometria, temperatura, salinidade e quantidade de cálcio) das areias de algumas regiões do litoral brasileiro. Descrevem-se sumariamente 75 espécies de ciliados mesopsâmicos, tôdas pela primeira vez na América do Sul, das quais três são novas: Prorodon brasiliensis sp.n., Scaphiodon sawayai, sp.n. e Diophrys tetramronuncleata sp. n.
Monocrotaline Induces Endothelial Injury and Pulmonary Hypertension by Targeting the Extracellular Calcium–Sensing Receptor
Authors: Xiao Rui , Su Yuan , Feng Tian , Sun Mengxiang , Liu Bingxun , Zhang Jiwei , Lu Yankai , Li Jiansha , Wang Tao , Zhu Liping , Hu Qinghua
Published: March 2017

Background

Monocrotaline has been widely used to establish an animal model of pulmonary hypertension. The molecular target underlying monocrotaline‐induced pulmonary artery endothelial injury and pulmonary hypertension remains unknown. The extracellular calcium–sensing receptor (CaSR) and particularly its extracellular domain hold the potential structural basis for monocrotaline to bind. This study aimed to reveal whether monocrotaline induces pulmonary hypertension by targeting the CaSR.

Methods and Results

Nuclear magnetic resonance screening through Water
LOGSY
(water ligand‐observed gradient spectroscopy) and saturation transfer difference on protein preparation demonstrated the binding of monocrotaline to the CaSR. Immunocytochemical staining showed colocalization of monocrotaline with the CaSR in cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Cellular thermal shift assay further verified the binding of monocrotaline to the CaSR in pulmonary arteries from monocrotaline‐injected rats. Monocrotaline enhanced the assembly of CaSR, triggered the mobilization of calcium signaling, and damaged pulmonary artery endothelial cells in a CaSR‐dependent manner. Finally, monocrotaline‐induced pulmonary hypertension in rats was significantly attenuated or abolished by the inhibitor, the general or lung knockdown or knockout of CaSR.

Conclusions

Monocrotaline aggregates on and activates the CaSR of pulmonary artery endothelial cells to trigger endothelial damage and, ultimately, induces pulmonary hypertension.
Parasitism of Zatypota riverai Gauld (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) on Anelosimus baeza Agnarsson (Araneae: Theridiidae) in northeast Brazil, with a description of the male
Authors: SOBCZAK JOBER FERNANDO , MESSAS YURI FANCHINI , PÁDUA DIEGO GALVÃO DE
Published: March 2017

Ichneumonid wasps of the Polysphincta genus-group (Polysphinctini sensu Townes hereafter “polysphinctine wasps”) are exclusively koinobiont ectoparasitoids of spiders (Fitton et al. 1987; Gauld 2006). Since the first report of a spider’s behavior being manipulated by a polysphinctine wasp (Eberhard 2000), several studies have since focused on unravelling the mechanisms and evolution of this association (e.g. Gonzaga & Sobczak 2007; Matsumoto 2009; Sobczak et al. 2009; Eberhard 2010; Gonzaga & Sobczak 2011; Korenko & Pekár 2011; Korenko et al. 2013; Sobczak et al. 2014; Takasuka et al. 2015).
Clarification of the identity of Helicina mediana Gassies, 1870 from New Caledonia (Gastropoda, Neritimorpha, Helicinidae)
Authors: RICHLING IRA
Published: March 2017

The identity of Helicina mediana Gassies, 1870 was clarified by the study of the type material and the selection of a lectotype. It is currently classified as Sturanya mediana (Gassies, 1870) and replaces the temporarily applied name Sturanya novaecaledoniae (Baird, 1873) for the medium sized helicinid species widely spread in the north-eastern part of mainland New Caledonia and the adjacent Îles Belep. The latter name and Helicina nehoueensis Hartman 1889 are synonyms of S. mediana.
Climate Process Team on Internal Wave–Driven Ocean Mixing
Authors: MacKinnon Jennifer A. , Zhao Zhongxiang , Whalen Caitlin B. , Waterhouse Amy F. , Trossman David S. , Sun Oliver M. , St. Laurent Louis C. , Simmons Harper L. , Polzin Kurt , Pinkel Robert , Pickering Andrew , Norton Nancy J. , Nash Jonathan D. , Musgrave Ruth , Merchant Lynne M. , Melet Angelique V. , Mater Benjamin , Legg Sonya , Large William G. , Kunze Eric , Klymak Jody M. , Jochum Markus , Jayne Steven R. , Hallberg Robert W. , Griffies Stephen M. , Diggs Steve , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Chassignet Eric P. , Buijsman Maarten C. , Bryan Frank O. , Briegleb Bruce P. , Barna Andrew , Arbic Brian K. , Ansong Joseph K. , Alford Matthew H.
Published: March 2017

Diapycnal mixing plays a primary role in the thermodynamic balance of the ocean and, consequently, in oceanic heat and carbon uptake and storage. Though observed mixing rates are on average consistent with values required by inverse models, recent attention has focused on the dramatic spatial variability, spanning several orders of magnitude, of mixing rates in both the upper and deep ocean. Away from ocean boundaries, the spatiotemporal patterns of mixing are largely driven by the geography of generation, propagation, and dissipation of internal waves, which supply much of the power for turbulent mixing. Over the last 5 years and under the auspices of U.S. Climate Variability and Predictability Program (CLIVAR), a National Science Foundation (NSF)- and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-supported Climate Process Team has been engaged in developing, implementing, and testing dynamics-based parameterizations for internal wave–driven turbulent mixing in global ocean models. The work has primarily focused on turbulence 1) near sites of internal tide generation, 2) in the upper ocean related to wind-generated near inertial motions, 3) due to internal lee waves generated by low-frequency mesoscale flows over topography, and 4) at ocean margins. Here, we review recent progress, describe the tools developed, and discuss future directions.
Generating Probabilistic Forecasts from Convection-Allowing Ensembles Using Neighborhood Approaches: A Review and Recommendations
Authors: Schwartz Craig S. , Sobash Ryan A.
Published: March 2017

“Neighborhood approaches” have been used in two primary ways to postprocess and verify high-resolution ensemble output. While the two methods appear deceptively similar, they define events over different spatial scales and yield fields with different interpretations: the first produces probabilities interpreted as likelihood of event occurrence at the grid scale, while the second produces probabilities of event occurrence over spatial scales larger than the grid scale. Unfortunately, some studies have confused the two methods, while others did not acknowledge multiple possibilities of neighborhood approach application and simply stated, “a neighborhood approach was applied” without supporting details. Thus, this paper reviews applications of neighborhood approaches to convection-allowing ensembles in hopes of clarifying the two methods and their different event definitions. Then, using real data, it is demonstrated how the two approaches can yield statistically significantly different objective conclusions about model performance, underscoring the critical need for thorough descriptions of how neighborhood approaches are implemented and events are defined. The authors conclude by providing some recommendations for application of neighborhood approaches to convection-allowing ensembles.
Hope for Help-Seeking: A Positive Psychology Perspective of Psychological Help-Seeking Intentions
Authors: McDermott Ryon C. , Cheng Hsiu-Lan , Wong Joel , Booth Nathan , Jones Zachary , Sevig Todd
Published: March 2017

In the present study, we used multigroup structural equation modeling in a sample of college students ( N = 2,461) to examine ethnic and gender differences in the connections between dispositonal hope and intentions to seek psychological help from formal and informal sources. In a personal-emotional problem scenario, we found a robust positive relationship between hope and intentions to seek help from informal sources, but no association for formal sources. In a suicidal thoughts scenario, hope was positively associated with intentions to seek both informal and formal psychological help. Results of exploratory moderation analyses indicated that the model was invariant across non-Latino White students and Asian American students, as well as across men and women. These findings address critical gaps in the hope and help-seeking literature, and suggest that increasing college students’ dispositional hope may provide a unique positive psychology-focused avenue for increasing help-seeking intentions, even within underserved populations.
Void reduction of high-performance thermoplastic composites via oven vacuum bag processing
Authors: Zhang Danning , Heider Dirk , Gillespie John W
Published: March 2017

In this study, void reduction mechanisms during oven vacuum bag processing of high-performance carbon fiber thermoplastic composites are investigated. Entrapped air exists within the prepreg tape and between layers during lay-up and must be removed during processing to achieve aerospace quality (<1% void content) Key void reduction mechanisms during oven vacuum bag processing include through-thickness air diffusion and in-plane flow to the laminate edges through the permeable interlayer regions created by the prepreg surface roughness. Interlayer permeability between unidirectional and cross-ply laminates is measured experimentally and is sufficiently high for effective air removal during oven vacuum bag processing. Thick 72-layer carbon fiber/PEEK (poly (ether ether ketone)) laminates were fabricated with oven vacuum bag process under different edge sealing conditions. Void reduction in the laminate with sealed perimeter is dominated by air diffusion through the entire laminate thickness, and the laminate exhibits very high void content levels after oven vacuum bag processing. In the laminates with edges open to vacuum, air diffusion through a single layer and flow through the permeable interlayer lead to essentially void-free laminates. The findings show the importance of the interlayer permeability and edge conditions on the void reduction, and demonstrate that low void content can be achieved in thick section thermoplastic composite laminates via cost effective oven vacuum bag processing.
Scaling Up Three-Dimensional Science Learning Through Teacher-Led Study Groups Across a State
Authors: Reiser Brian J. , Michaels Sarah , Moon Jean , Bell Tara , Dyer Elizabeth , Edwards Kelsey D. , McGill Tara A. W. , Novak Michael , Park Aimee
Published: March 2017

The vision for science teaching in the Framework for K-12 Science Education and the Next Generation Science Standards requires a radical departure from traditional science teaching. Science literacy is defined as three-dimensional (3D), in which students engage in science and engineering practices to develop and apply science disciplinary ideas and crosscutting concepts. This knowledge building presents many challenges for teachers. We describe a two-pronged program for scaling 3D science professional development (PD) across a state: (a) 24 teachers developed expertise in 3D learning and facilitating teacher study groups; (b) these peer facilitators led 22 study groups of teachers in 3D science activities, analyzing student learning, and investigating classroom interactions. We describe design approaches for supporting teacher and facilitator learning. We present analyses of teacher learning, including shifts in 3D science, beliefs, and pedagogical content knowledge that supports 3D science teaching, and consider implications for scalable design approaches for supporting science teacher learning.
Negative Life Events, Social Support, and Self-Efficacy in Anxious Adolescents
Authors: Raknes Solfrid , Pallesen Ståle , Bjaastad Jon Fauskanger , Wergeland Gro Janne , Hoffart Asle , Dyregrov Kari , Håland Åshild Tellefsen , Haugland Bente Storm Mowatt
Published: March 2017

Purpose

To examine the prevalence and correlates of anxiety in a community sample of adolescents. Knowing the prevalence and characteristics of anxious adolescents is valuable to improve anxiety prevention strategies and interventions.

Design

Cross-sectional data about anxiety were collected via a school survey from a community sample of Norwegian adolescents aged 12–17 ( N = 1719).

Methods

Based on scores from the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale, the adolescents were categorized as not anxious or anxious. Logistic regression analysis was performed to access the impact of each factor on the likelihood that participants would report an elevated level of anxiety.

Results

A total of 22% of the adolescents were categorized as anxious. Female gender, experienced negative life events, low social support, and low self-efficacy were associated with elevated level of anxiety.

Conclusions

The high prevalence of anxiety in adolescents demonstrates the importance of improved prevention interventions targeting anxious adolescents. We argue that addressing is the responsibility of not only the individual adolescents and their families but also schools, school health services, and policy makers. School-based interventions that increase social support and self-efficacy would probably be particularly beneficial for anxious adolescents.
The preparation of multifunctional accelerators derived from tea phenols and their use in rubber compounds
Authors: Jutao Sun , Lili Wang , Xiaoling Liu , Yunhao Liang , Xuehong Sun
Published: March 2017

Tea polyphenols (TPs) are natural compounds extracted from tea trees whose molecular structures possess many phenolic hydroxyl groups, and therefore are highly reactive. Based on the principle of the Mannich reaction, two types of multifunctional accelerators (Tea polyphenols-mercaptobenzothiazole [TPM] and Tea polyphenols-N-tert-butylbenzothiazole-2-sulphenamide [TPN]) were synthesized by the reaction of TPs with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and N-tert-butylbenzothiazole-2-sulphenamide, respectively. The chemical structures of TPM and TPN were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the curing activity was measured using a vulcameter. The results showed that TPM and TPN had been synthesized successfully and possessed curing activity similar to that of traditional accelerators. TPM and TPN were then used in silica/rubber compounds to determine their effects on processing and on physiomechanical and antiaging properties. The results showed that TPM and TPN improved the curing rate of silica compounds and also improved the dispersion of silica in a rubber matrix as observed using transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the retention of tensile strength was higher for TPM and TPN vulcanizates after air aging than it was for the control sample. These results indicated that TPM and TPN, which incorporated the functions of a “curing accelerator,” a “silica surface modifier,” and an “antidegradant,” were new multifunctional accelerators for silica/rubber compounds.
An Alternative to the “Indigenous” in Early Twenty-First-Century China: Guizhou’s Branding of Yuanshengtai
Authors: Luo Yu
Published: March 2017

This article analyzes the contemporary salience of yuanshengtai, a Chinese concept that valorizes core features similar to those of “indigeneity,” including cultural distinctiveness and environmental stewardship of ethnic, rural peoples. Yuanshengtai deflects attention away from historically and politically contentious issues and transnational claims for rights that would call for official recognition of “indigenous peoples” by the Chinese state. Such a romanticized rhetoric instead helps reassert the polyethnic nation’s worthiness, mostly through cultural industries since the early 2000s. This article, based on interpretive readings and ethnographic observation, zeroes in on the example of Guizhou to explore how yuanshengtai has been widely constructed as an emergent eco-cultural brand through a combination of academic forums, media events, and cultural industry promotions. It argues that the construction and promulgation of yuanshengtai allows regional elites to reiterate local uniqueness and provincial identity while embracing the state’s agenda and global aspirations, precisely because yuanshengtai hinges upon the state-market mechanism in contemporary China.
Feline Panleukopenia Virus Is Not Associated With Myocarditis or Endomyocardial Restrictive Cardiomyopathy in Cats
Authors: McEndaffer Laura , Molesan Alex , Erb Hollis , Kelly Kathleen
Published: March 2017

Canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) is nearly indistinguishable from feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and is a well-known cause of viral myocarditis in young puppies; however, it is not known whether either FPV or CPV-2 naturally infects feline cardiomyocytes and causes myocarditis. Endomyocarditis (EMC) and left ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis (LVEF), clinically known as “endomyocardial restrictive cardiomyopathy,” are important feline heart diseases suspected to have an infectious etiology. A continuum is suggested with EMC representing the acute reaction to an unknown infectious agent and LVEF the chronic manifestation of repair. The purpose of this study was to determine (1) whether there is natural parvovirus infection of the feline myocardium and (2) whether parvoviral infection is associated with feline EMC and/or LVEF. In a retrospective study, polymerase chain reaction and sequencing for the parvovirus VP1/2 gene was performed on archived heart tissue from cats with endomyocardial disease and controls. Similar methods were used prospectively on myocardial tissues from shelter-source kittens. Although 8 of 36 (22%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11%–40%) shelter kittens had parvoviral DNA in myocardial tissue, VP1/2 DNA was not detected in 33 adult cases or 34 controls (95% CI, 0% to ∼11%). These findings were confirmed by in situ hybridization: adult cats did not have detectable parvovirus DNA, although rare intranuclear signal was confirmed in 7 of 8 shelter-source kittens. In kittens, parvovirus was not significantly associated with myocarditis, and in situ hybridization signal did not colocalize with inflammation. Although infection of cardiomyocytes was demonstrated in kittens, these data do not support a role for parvovirus in EMC-LVEF.
Critical Value of Anterior Glenoid Bone Loss That Leads to Recurrent Glenohumeral Instability After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair
Authors: Shin Sang-Jin , Kim Rag Gyu , Jeon Yoon Sang , Kwon Tae Hun
Published: March 2017

Background:

Generally, a glenoid bone loss greater than 20% to 25% is considered critical for poor surgical outcomes after a soft tissue repair. However, recent studies have suggested that the critical value should be lower.

Purpose:

To determine the critical value of anterior glenoid bone loss that led to surgical failure in patients with anterior shoulder instability.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The study included 169 patients with anterior glenoid erosion. The percentage of glenoid erosion was calculated as the ratio of the glenoid loss width and the glenoid width to the diameter of the outer-fitting circle based on the inferior portion of the glenoid contour. The critical value of the glenoid bone loss was analyzed by means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the amount of glenoid bone loss: group A (less than the critical value) and group B (more than the critical value). Patients evaluated their shoulder function as a percentage of their preinjury level using the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score, and postoperative clinical outcomes were assessed with the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score and Rowe score. Surgical failure was defined as the need for revision surgery or the presence of subjective symptoms of instability.

Results:

The optimal critical value of glenoid bone loss was 17.3% (area under the curve = 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.73-0.91; P < .001; sensitivity 75%; specificity 86.6%). Group A and B contained 134 and 35 patients, respectively. Shoulder functional scores were significantly lower in group B than in group A ( P < .001). Five patients (3.7%) in group A and 15 (42.9%) in group B had surgical failure ( P < .001). The SANE score was significantly lower in group B (83.8 ± 12.1) than in group A (92.9 ± 4.7, P = .001).

Conclusion:

An anterior glenoid bone loss of 17.3% or more with respect to the longest anteroposterior glenoid width should be considered as the critical amount of bone loss that may result in recurrent glenohumeral instability after arthroscopic Bankart repair.
Child Abuse Experiences and Perceived Need for Care and Mental Health Service Use among Members of the Canadian Armed Forces
Authors: Turner Sarah , Taillieu Tamara , Cheung Kristene , Zamorski Mark , Boulos David , Sareen Jitender , Afifi Tracie O.
Published: March 2017

Objective:

Child abuse is associated with poor mental health outcomes in adulthood. However, little is known about how a history of child abuse may be related to perceived need for care (PNC) and mental health service use (MHSU) among Canadian military personnel. The objectives of this study were to determine 1) the relationship between child abuse history and PNC and 2) the relationship between child abuse history and MHSU in the Canadian military.

Method:

Data were drawn from the 2013 Canadian Forces Mental Health Survey ( n = 6692 Regular Force personnel between the ages of 18 and 60 years). Logistic regression was used to examine the relationships between individual child abuse types and PNC and MHSU while adjusting for sociodemographic variables, the presence of mental disorders, deployment-related variables, and other types of child abuse. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated to estimate the proportion of PNC and MHSU that may be attributable to child abuse.

Results:

Each individual child abuse type was associated with increased odds of PNC and MHSU after adjusting for all covariates (adjusted odds ratio ranging from 1.26 to 1.80). PAFs showed that if any child abuse did not occur, PNC and MHSU among Regular Force personnel may be reduced by approximately 14.3% and 11.3%, respectively.

Conclusions:

This study highlights that preenlistment factors, such as a history of child abuse, have an independent association with PNC and MHSU and hence need to be considered when assessing the mental health service needs of the Canadian Regular Force personnel.
Impregnated fibre bundle test for natural fibres used in composites
Authors: Bensadoun F , Verpoest I , Baets J , Müssig J , Graupner N , Davies P , Gomina M , Kervoelen A , Baley C
Published: March 2017

In this study, the impregnated fibre bundle test, a common method used by carbon and glass fibre manufacturers to determine the properties of fibres used in composites, was adapted for natural fibres and validated by a round robin test on one type of natural fibres, namely flax fibres. Five European laboratories have carried out in parallel the impregnated fibre bundle test, on the same batch of hackled flax (long fibres), to check the applicability and reliability of this modified method on natural fibres. The results were compared to the more traditional single fibre test on elementary fibres. The back-calculated fibre stiffness shows a very low scatter between the five laboratories of less than ±5% (59.8 ± 2.4 GPa, as measured between 0 and 0.1% strain). The fibre ultimate tensile strength of 527 ± 138 MPa has a higher scatter, compared to stiffness values, as this property is highly sensitive to imperfections and flaws.
Using life cycle assessment to address stakeholders’ potential for improving municipal solid waste management
Authors: de Andrade Junior Milton Aurelio Uba , Zanghelini Guillherme Marcelo , Soares Sebastião Roberto
Published: March 2017

Because the consumption of materials is generally higher than their recovery rate, improving municipal solid waste (MSW) management is fundamental for increasing the efficiency of natural resource use and consumption in urban areas. More broadly, the characteristics of a MSW management system influence the end-of-life (EOL) impacts of goods consumed by households. We aim to indicate the extent to which greenhouse gas emissions from a MSW management system can be reduced by increasing waste paper recycling. We also address the stakeholders’ contribution for driving transition towards an improved scenario. Life cycle assessment (LCA) addresses the EOL impacts of the paper industry, driven by the characteristics of MSW management in Florianópolis, Brazil, by varying the level of stakeholders’ commitment through different recycling scenarios. The results show that 41% of the climate change impacts from waste paper management could be reduced when increasing the waste paper recycling rates and reducing waste paper landfilling. To achieve such emissions reduction, the industry contribution to the MSW management system would have to increase from 17% in the business-as-usual scenario to 74% in the target scenario. We were able to measure the differences in stakeholders’ contribution by modelling the MSW management system processes that are under the industry’s responsibility separately from the processes that are under the government’s responsibility, based on the Brazilian legal framework. The conclusions indicate that LCA can be used to support policy directions on reducing the impacts of MSW management by increasing resource recovery towards a circular economy.
An Analysis of the Deterrent Effects of Disciplinary Segregation on Institutional Rule Violation Rates
Authors: Lucas Joseph W. , Jones Matthew A.
Published: March 2017

In light of the limited resources available in the criminal justice system, and given the financial costs and inmate mental health risks associated with disciplinary segregation, the practice warrants testing and evaluation. Limited research exists on the effect disciplinary segregation has on subsequent inmate misconduct in state prisons. Institutional violation rates for a cohort of male inmates incarcerated by the Oregon Department of Corrections were analyzed. Controlling for other factors, the results of this study indicate that disciplinary segregation was not a significant predictor of subsequent institutional misconduct. The findings also indicate that the experience of disciplinary segregation does not reduce subsequent prison inmate misconduct and therefore suggest that it may not be an effective institutional practice. These results signal that disciplinary segregation should be used in a more judicious and informed manner and that further research should be performed to determine whether disciplinary segregation has a general deterrent effect.
Uncertainty quantification in aircraft gas turbine engines
Authors: Arahchige Buddhi , Perinpanayagam Suresh
Published: March 2017

In a complex system like the jet engine, engine variables are affected by many systems making fault identification difficult. Therefore, Prognostics and Health Management Systems should be able to factor in the different sources of uncertainty. The different sources of uncertainty integral to diagnostics and prognostics must be accounted for in a probabilistic method for the approach to make any sense. This article aims to address the effect of uncertainty mainly in the form of random sensor noise on the modelled CFM56-7B27 engine output variables. Statistical Interpretations are utilised to investigate this random noise effect.
Three-dimensional numerical study on the interaction of contralateral insect wings in asymmetric stroke
Authors: Zhang Rui , Xie Peng , Zhou Chaoying , Wang Chao
Published: March 2017

Asymmetric flight of insects and birds is often seen in nature which is a conventional way for them to obtain the flexibility of maneuver in turning, hovering, and gliding. A numerical study on the interaction between contralateral wings of a dragonfly in asymmetric forward flight is carried out using the finite volume method. Various asymmetric flights with different advance ratios are considered where the aerodynamic forces, torques of each wing, pressure distributions, vorticity, and velocity fields are analyzed. A number of symmetric flights corresponding to the asymmetric flights are also studied. The results indicate that the interaction between the contralateral wings of a dragonfly is very small even when the dragonfly is in an asymmetric flight no matter how the advance ratios vary in the range concerned. With a typical example of asymmetric forward flights the difference in the mean value of vertical force coefficient is generally less than 5% compared with that for its corresponding symmetric flight. It is found that a small lateral flow region (LFR) is formed near the body, and there is a small lateral flow across the symmetric plane of the body. But this flow is very weak and resulted interaction between contralateral wings is very small. The result has confirmed in a way that dragonflies take a quite different way from fruit flies to obtain the lift with the contralateral wings. That is, fruit flies employ clap-and-fling mechanism which needs contralateral wings to be close enough to extrude the flow and generate lift, which means the contralateral two wings are so close that strong interaction happens, while dragonflies flap their contralateral wings on two sides of the vertical central plane with a relatively far distance between the wings where the interaction of contralateral wings is negligibly weak.
S phase arrest in lymphocytes induced by urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and alcohol drinking in coke oven workers
Authors: Yang J , Zhang H , Zhang H , Pan B , Wang W , Fan Y , Liu Y
Published: March 2017

Arrest of the cell cycle after DNA damage is believed to promote DNA repair. We aim to investigate the main factors affecting cell cycle arrest of lymphocytes in coke oven workers. A total of 600 workers were included in this study, and their urinary levels of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) metabolites, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and cell cycle distribution were determined. Urinary PAH metabolites were significantly increased in coke oven workers ( p < 0.01). It was found that only urinary 2-hydroxynaphthalene and 1-hydroxypyrene showed significant positive linear dose–response effects on 8-OHdG in this study population ( ptrend = 0.025 and 0.017, respectively). The dose–response effect was also observed for smoking and drinking on 8-OHdG ( ptrend < 0.001 and 0.034, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that high levels of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene were associated with a significantly increased risk of S phase arrest (odds ratio (OR) = 1.32, p = 0.03), so as heavy alcohol drinking (OR = 1.31, p = 0.02). Drinking can significantly modify the effects of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene on S phase arrest, during co-exposure to both heavy drinking and median or high 1-hydroxypyrene levels (OR = 3.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.21–7.63 and OR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.08–6.06, respectively). Our findings demonstrate that coke oven workers with heavy drinking will cause S phase arrest so as to repair more serious DNA damage.
Reduction of nitric oxide and DNA/RNA oxidation products are associated with active disease in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Iriyoda T M V , Stadtlober N , Lozovoy M A B , Delongui F , Costa N T , Reiche E M V , Dichi I , Simão A N C
Published: March 2017

The aims of the present study were to evaluate biomarkers of oxidative and nitrosative stress in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, in particular products of DNA/RNA oxidative damage and their correlation with disease activity. This study included 188 controls and 203 patients; 153 with inactive SLE (SLEDAI < 6) and 50 with active SLE (SLEDAI ≥ 6) without renal impairment. Oxidative stress was assessed by tert-butyl hydroperoxide—initiated by chemiluminescence, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), and DNA/RNA oxidation products. Patients with SLE showed increased oxidative stress, as demonstrated by the augmentation of lipid hydroperoxides ( p < 0.0001) and AOPP ( p < 0.001) and reduced total antioxidant capacity ( p < 0.0001), without differences between patients with active disease and in remission. NOx levels and DNA/RNA oxidation products were inversely and independently associated with disease activity ( p < 0.0001 and p = 0.021, respectively), regardless of BMI and prednisone use. The linear regression analysis showed that about 5% of the SLEDAI score can be explained by the levels of DNA/RNA oxidation products ( r2:0.051; p = 0.002) and about 9% of this score by the levels of NOx ( r2:0.091; p < 0.0001). This study provides evidence for an inverse association between serum NOx levels and DNA/RNA oxidation products and SLE disease activity, suggesting that oxidative/nitrosative stress markers may be useful in evaluating SLE disease activity and progression of the disease.