bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alltägliches Tun reflektieren – Framework „Do-Live-Well“
Authors: Woick Gabriele
Published: November 2018

Inwieweit hat das, was wir jeden Tag tun, Auswirkungen auf unsere Gesundheit und unser Wohlbefinden? Eine mögliche Antwort liefern kanadische Ergotherapeutinnen mit dem Framework „Do-Live-Well“. Gabriele Woick erarbeitete auf dieser Basis ein Reflexionsinstrument, das sie anhand eines Fallbeispiels vorstellt.
Dilemma Schubladendenken – Kolumne
Authors: Schiewack Michael
Published: November 2018

Praktikanten anzuleiten ist für Michael Schiewack eine wunderbare Aufgabe. Er genießt es, die überlieferten Weisheiten an künftige Ergotherapeuten weiterzugeben. Ganz besonders, wenn so schlaue Handwerks-Hinterfrager darunter sind wie Susi.
Interpretation und Durchführung der hochauflösenden Ösophagusmanometrie: Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurogastroenterologie und Motilität (DGNM) sowie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselerkrankungen (DGVS)
Authors: Keller Jutta , Fox Mark , Allescher Hans-Dieter , Frieling Thomas , Fuchs Karl , Goebel-Stengel Miriam , Pehl Christian , Schirra Jörg , van der Voort Ivo , Storr Martin
Published: November 2018

Die Ösophagusmanometrie erlaubt eine genaue Beurteilung der Kontraktilität der Speiseröhre und ist deshalb das Referenzverfahren für die Diagnostik ösophagealer Motilitätsstörungen. Aussagekraft und Bedeutung der Methode haben durch die Einführung der hochauflösenden Ösophagusmanometrie (HRM) noch weiter gewonnen, welche die funktionelle Anatomie der Speiseröhre in einer visuell intuitiv zu erfassenden Weise darstellt. Die aktuelle 3. Version der international gebräuchlichen Chicago-Klassifikation gibt standardisierte Empfehlungen zur Durchführung und Auswertung der HRM. Sie dient in vielen Bereichen auch als konkrete Basis für den vorliegenden Expertenkonsensus. Allerdings geht die Chicago-Klassifikation bislang nicht oder nur kursorisch auf die funktionelle Beurteilung des unteren und oberen Ösophagussphinkters sowie auf die Bedeutung zusätzlicher Untersuchungen wie Provokationsmahlzeiten und/oder Langzeituntersuchungen ein. Der aktuelle Expertenkonsensus berücksichtigt deshalb zusätzliche, kürzlich publizierte, hochqualitative klinische Studien und gibt Empfehlungen, die eine aussagekräftige Untersuchung der Motilität des gesamten Ösophagus mittels HRM zur Klärung klinisch relevanter Fragestellungen ermöglichen.
Die Studien-Checker – Critical Appraisal Tools
Authors: Veit Katrin
Published: November 2018

Wer evidenzbasiert arbeiten möchte, muss bewerten können, wie vertrauenswürdig Studien sind. Mit Critical Appraisal Tools ist das ganz leicht. Anhand eines Leitfadens bewertet der Therapeut eine wissenschaftliche Arbeit und kann – bei guten Ergebnissen – die Empfehlungen auf die Praxis übertragen.
Therapeutic Experience of 189 Patients with Warthin's Tumor of the Parotid Gland
Authors: Jinnin Tsuyoshi , Higashino Masaaki , Nishikawa Shuji , Terada Tetsuya , Kawata Ryo
Published: November 2018

We investigated the clinical characteristics and preoperative diagnosis rate of Warthin's tumor (WT) of the parotid gland. The subjects were 189 patients who underwent surgery at the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery in Osaka Medical College between September 1999 and April 2017. We compared the date of the189 patients with 466 cases of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) of the parotid gland seen during the same period. Among the 189 patients with WT, there were 163 males and 26 females, with a median age of 62 years. The sites of origin of the tumors in the parotid gland were distributed as follows: superficial lobe, 64 cases; deep lobe, 14 cases; and lower pole, 111 cases. The median maximum diameter of the tumor was 30 mm. The median operative time and the median operative blood loss were 120 minutes and 20 mL, respectively. The diagnosis had been made accurately prior to the surgery in 72% of the patients, by the fine needle aspiration cytology. Postoperative facial nerve dysfunction occurred in 39 cases (20.6%); however, it was transient in all cases. The transient facial nerve dysfunction recovered within 2 months in 50% of all cases, within 6 months in 90%, and within 1 year in 100% of cases. The features that were especially frequently encountered in the cases with postoperative facial dysfunction were origin of the tumor in the deep lobe of the parotid and large size of the tumor; furthermore, these cases also required a longer operative time. As compared with PA, WT occurred more often in male patients. WTs occurred more often in the lower pole and they were larger in size. The operative blood loss was greater. There were no significant differences with regards to the incidence of postoperative facial nerve dysfunction and the operative time.
Evaluating Fundal Dominant Contractions on Spatiotemporal Electrohysterography as a Marker for Effective Labor Contractions
Authors: Edwards Rodney K. , Euliano Neil R. , Singh Savyasachi , LeDuke Rachel C. , Andrews William W. , Jauk Victoria , Subramaniam Akila , Szychowski Jeff M.
Published: November 2018

Objective To evaluate if fundal (F) dominance of the electrohysterogram is associated with vaginal delivery and lack of F dominance is associated with cesarean for labor dystocia.

Study Design We conducted a prospective cohort study of nulliparous women in spontaneous labor at ≥36 weeks. Clinicians were blinded to electrohysterography data which were in addition to standard cardiotocography. All contractions in the hour preceding diagnosis of complete cervical dilation (for women delivering vaginally) or the hour preceding the decision for cesarean were analyzed.

Results Of 224 patients, 167 had evaluable data. The proportion of F dominant contractions was not different for women undergoing cesarean for labor dystocia (n = 11) compared with all others (n = 156)—88.7 ± 10.2 versus 86.0 ± 11.4%; p = 0.44. Results were similar when comparing the cesarean for labor dystocia group to those undergoing cesarean for other indications (n = 10) and vaginal deliveries (n = 146)—88.7 ± 10.2 versus 86.5 ± 10.0 versus 85.9 ± 11.5%; p = 0.74.

Conclusion We were unable to confirm our earlier finding that F dominance of the electrohysterogram is associated with vaginal delivery and lack of F dominance is associated with cesarean for dystocia.
Underdosing of Surfactant for Preterm Babies with Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Clinical Practice: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Boix Hector , Rite Segundo , Arruza Luis , Fernandez Cristina , Serrano Itziar , Baquedano Irene , Sanchez Ana , Ferreira Erika , Fernandez Patricia , Gonzalez Rosa , Elorza M. Dolores
Published: November 2018

Objective To evaluate the initial doses of surfactant administered to preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.

Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of 206 preterm infants admitted in four level III neonatal intensive care units of acute tertiary care hospitals in Spain between 2013 and 2015.

Results The mean initial dose of surfactant was 173.9 (37.3) mg/kg, and 47.5% of infants received a dose of 200 mg/kg ± 10% (180–220 mg/kg), 47% less than 180 mg/kg (–10%), and 5.4% more than 220 mg/kg (+10%). Very preterm infants (<28 weeks) received higher initial doses than more mature infants, but in all cases, the mean doses were below the recommended 200 mg/kg (by 9.2% in gestational age 23–28 weeks, by 15.9% in 29–32 weeks, and by 24.3% in >32 weeks).

Conclusion Administration of surfactant below the prescribed dose is a frequent error in clinical practice. Inadvertently rounding down doses seems a plausible explanation.
Health Benefits of Integrating Physical Activity into Our Day-to-Day Lives
Authors: Aggarwal Rashmi
Published: November 2018

In the 21st century it is the sedentary lifestyle that is responsible for causation of the dual epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Incorporating physical activity into our daily lives will not only improve our physical health but also enhance our mental and neurocognitive functions. Regular physical activity reduces the risks of developing metabolic derangements such as overweight, hypertension, different types of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, osteoporosis, and certain types of organ-specific cancers.
Dates and Diabetes
Authors: Chaudhary Sandeep , Pankaj Aswin
Published: November 2018

Date, the fruit of date palm, is a delicious fruit with a sweet taste and a fleshy mouth feel. Dates have been considered as the staple food in the Arab Gulf regions for thousands of years. The religious-cultural importance of this fruit often creates conflict between persons with diabetes, who wish to consume it in unlimited quantity, and health care professionals, who condemn its consumption. This article provides a balanced, nutrilogic opinion about dates and their consumption in diabetes.
Quantifying daily activity patterns of the spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) using camera trap data from a stronghold population in south-eastern New South Wales
Authors: Courtney Jones Stephanie K. , Mikac Katarina M.
Published: November 2018

Activity levels of spotted-tailed quolls were investigated using camera traps over 12 months. There were 33 independent camera trap photos with 17 individual quolls identified. Latency to initial detection was 40 days. Quolls were nocturnal/crepuscular, spending 35% of the day they were detected active. Highest activity levels were recorded in summer.
Role of humoral immunity against hepatitis B virus core antigen in the pathogenesis of acute liver failure
Authors: Chen Zhaochun , Diaz Giacomo , Pollicino Teresa , Zhao Huaying , Engle Ronald E. , Schuck Peter , Shen Chen-Hsiang , Zamboni Fausto , Long Zhifeng , Kabat Juraj , De Battista Davide , Bock Kevin W. , Moore Ian N. , Wollenberg Kurt , Soto Cinque , Govindarajan Sugantha , Kwong Peter D. , Kleiner David E. , Purcell Robert H. , Farci Patrizia
Published: November 2018

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated acute liver failure (ALF) is a dramatic clinical syndrome leading to death or liver transplantation in 80% of cases. Due to the extremely rapid clinical course, the difficulties in obtaining liver specimens, and the lack of an animal model, the pathogenesis of ALF remains largely unknown. Here, we performed a comprehensive genetic and functional characterization of the virus and the host in liver tissue from HBV-associated ALF and compared the results with those of classic acute hepatitis B in chimpanzees. In contrast with acute hepatitis B, HBV strains detected in ALF livers displayed highly mutated HBV core antigen (HBcAg), associated with increased HBcAg expression ex vivo, which was independent of viral replication levels. Combined gene and miRNA expression profiling revealed a dominant B cell disease signature, with extensive intrahepatic production of IgM and IgG in germline configuration exclusively targeting HBcAg with subnanomolar affinities, and complement deposition. Thus, HBV ALF appears to be an anomalous T cell-independent, HBV core-driven B cell disease, which results from the rare and unfortunate encounter between a host with an unusual B cell response and an infecting virus with a highly mutated core antigen.
Shorter than a text, longer than a sentence
Authors: Heilmann Arndt , Serbina Tatiana , Couto Vale Daniel , Neumann Stella
Published: November 2018

This paper investigates what effect the length of the source text has both on the translation process and on the translation product. In an eye-tracking and keystroke logging experiment, we compared three conditions, namely full texts, three-sentence sequences and single sentences as source items. The results suggest that translations of single sentences differ significantly from full texts, whereas three-sentence sequences are representative of the full text condition. Therefore, research in process-based translation studies might benefit from using shorter source texts without endangering the ecological validity of experiments.
Between‐limb differences in running technique induces asymmetric negative joint work during running
Authors: Hashizume Satoru , Hobara Hiroaki , Kobayashi Yoshiyuki
Published: November 2018

Negative work, which is mainly generated by eccentric muscle contraction, has an important influence on the associated muscle damage. Generally, mechanical parameters are determined for one side of a lower extremity on the assumption of negligible between‐limb differences. However, between‐limb differences in the negative work of lower extremity joints during running remain unclear. This study examines between‐limb differences in negative work and associated mechanical parameters during the contact phase of running. Twenty‐five young adult males voluntarily participated in this study. Each participant was asked to run on a straight runway at a speed of 3.0 m s−1. Negative work, amplitude, duration of negative power, moment, and angular velocity were computed for both sides of the lower extremities. Significant differences were found in negative work between limbs for the hip (18.9 ± 11.7%), knee (13.6 ± 10.4%), and ankle (11.8 ± 8.5%) joints. For the hip joint, asymmetric negative work was attributable to the between‐limb difference in the amplitude of negative power owing to a corresponding difference in the moment. The between‐limb differences concerning the duration and amplitude of negative power could explain the asymmetric negative work in the knee joint. The asymmetric negative work of the ankle joint was attributable to the between‐limb difference in the amplitude and duration of the negative power and the moment. These results indicate that asymmetric negative work was generated in each lower extremity joint; however, the major mechanical parameters corresponding to the negative work are not the same across the joints.
Biomechanical analysis of the “waiter's serve” on upper limb loads in young elite tennis players
Authors: Touzard Pierre , Kulpa Richard , Bideau Benoit , Montalvan Bernard , Martin Caroline
Published: November 2018

Waiter's serve (WS) is a specific tennis serve posture frequently observed in young players, and commonly considered as a technical error by tennis coaches. However, biomechanical impact of WS is unknown. The aims of this study were to identify the potential consequences of WS in young elite players relating to performance and injury risk, and to explain the kinematic causes of WS. Serve of 18 male junior elite players (Top 10 national French ranking, aged 12–15 years) was captured with a 20 camera, 200 Hz VICON MX motion analysis system. Depending on their serve technique, the players were divided into two groups (WS versus Normal Serve [NS]) by experienced coaches. Injury data were collected for each player during a 12‐month‐period following the motion capture. Normalized peak kinetic values of the dominant arm were calculated using inverse dynamics. In order to explain WS posture, upper limb kinematics were calculated during the cocking and the acceleration phases of the serve. Shoulder internal rotation torque, wrist proximal and anterior forces (P < .05) and elbow varus torque (P < .01) were significantly higher in WS group, with no difference from NS group concerning serve velocity. Moreover, significant lower shoulder abduction and higher wrist extension (P < .05) were observed for WS players during the cocking phase. Even if no significant difference was found between groups concerning injuries, higher upper limb joint loads suggested WS could be considered as pathomechanical in young elite players and could lead to upper limb joint injuries.
MAGpy: a reproducible pipeline for the downstream analysis of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs)
Authors: Stewart Robert D , Auffret Marc D , Snelling Timothy J , Roehe Rainer , Watson Mick
Published: November 2018

Motivation

Metagenomics is a powerful tool for assaying the DNA from every genome present in an environment. Recent advances in bioinformatics have enabled the rapid assembly of near-complete metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), and there is a need for reproducible pipelines that can annotate and characterize thousands of genomes simultaneously, to enable identification and functional characterization.

Results

Here we present MAGpy, a scalable and reproducible pipeline that takes multiple genome assemblies as FASTA and compares them to several public databases, checks quality, suggests a taxonomy and draws a phylogenetic tree.

Availability and implementation

MAGpy is available on github: https://github.com/WatsonLab/MAGpy.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Comprehensive evaluation of RNA-seq analysis pipelines in diploid and polyploid species
Authors: Payá-Milans Miriam , Olmstead James W , Nunez Gerardo , Rinehart Timothy A , Staton Margaret
Published: November 2018

Background

The usual analysis of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) reads is based on an existing reference genome and annotated gene models. However, when a reference for the sequenced species is not available, alternatives include using a reference genome from a related species or reconstructing transcript sequences with de novo assembly. In addition, researchers are faced with many options for RNA-seq data processing and limited information on how their decisions will impact the final outcome. Using both a diploid and polyploid species with a distant reference genome, we have tested the influence of different tools at various steps of a typical RNA-seq analysis workflow on the recovery of useful processed data available for downstream analysis.

Findings

At the preprocessing step, we found error correction has a strong influence on de novo assembly but not on mapping results. After trimming, a greater percentage of reads could be used in downstream analysis by selecting gentle quality trimming performed with Skewer instead of strict quality trimming with Trimmomatic. This availability of reads correlated with size, quality, and completeness of de novo assemblies and with number of mapped reads. When selecting a reference genome from a related species to map reads, outcome was significantly improved when using mapping software tolerant of greater sequence divergence, such as Stampy or GSNAP.

Conclusions

The selection of bioinformatic software tools for RNA-seq data analysis can maximize quality parameters on de novo assemblies and availability of reads in downstream analysis.
An open-source high-speed infrared videography database to study the principles of active sensing in freely navigating rodents
Authors: Azarfar Alireza , Zhang Yiping , Alishbayli Artoghrul , Miceli Stéphanie , Kepser Lara , van der Wielen Daan , van de Moosdijk Mike , Homberg Judith , Schubert Dirk , Proville Rémi , Celikel Tansu
Published: November 2018

Background

Active sensing is crucial for navigation. It is characterized by self-generated motor action controlling the accessibility and processing of sensory information. In rodents, active sensing is commonly studied in the whisker system. As rats and mice modulate their whisking contextually, they employ frequency and amplitude modulation. Understanding the development, mechanisms, and plasticity of adaptive motor control will require precise behavioral measurements of whisker position.

Findings

Advances in high-speed videography and analytical methods now permit collection and systematic analysis of large datasets. Here, we provide 6,642 videos as freely moving juvenile (third to fourth postnatal week) and adult rodents explore a stationary object on the gap-crossing task. The dataset includes sensory exploration with single- or multi-whiskers in wild-type animals, serotonin transporter knockout rats, rats received pharmacological intervention targeting serotonergic signaling. The dataset includes varying background illumination conditions and signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), ranging from homogenous/high contrast to non-homogenous/low contrast. A subset of videos has been whisker and nose tracked and are provided as reference for image processing algorithms.

Conclusions

The recorded behavioral data can be directly used to study development of sensorimotor computation, top-down mechanisms that control sensory navigation and whisker position, and cross-species comparison of active sensing. It could also help to address contextual modulation of active sensing during touch-induced whisking in head-fixed vs freely behaving animals. Finally, it provides the necessary data for machine learning approaches for automated analysis of sensory and motion parameters across a wide variety of signal-to-noise ratios with accompanying human observer-determined ground-truth.
Abdominal Epilepsy Treated With Vagal Nerve Stimulation: A Case Report
Authors: Kraimer Kristen L , Kochanski Ryan B , Lynn Fiona , Smith Michael , Sani Sepehr
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE

Abdominal epilepsy is a rare seizure disorder characterized by episodic gastrointestinal symptoms with electroencephalogram abnormalities. It is typically well treated with anti-epileptic medications; however, little is known about treatment of refractory cases.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION

The patient is a 16-yr-old male who began experiencing episodic abdominal pain and distension at the age of 2. After undergoing an extensive negative gastrointestinal workup, he was referred for neurological examination. The patient's examination and brain magnetic resonance imaging were normal, but epileptiform discharges were noted on the electroencephalogram. He initially failed treatment with several anti-epileptic medications but achieved seizure control with lamotrigine for 10 yr. However, his seizure frequency increased at age 15 and vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) was proposed for treatment. He underwent VNS placement surgery and experienced significant seizure reduction. By 22 mo postsurgery, he had experienced 11 total seizures compared to his preoperative seizure frequency of 16 seizures per month. Additionally, the patient's neuropsychological testing postsurgery demonstrated improvements in verbal reasoning and reading comprehension in comparison to presurgical testing.

CONCLUSION

VNS has been used to treat intractable, nonfocal epilepsy although the therapeutic mechanism remains poorly understood. This case demonstrates utility of VNS for the treatment of abdominal epilepsy that remains refractory to pharmacotherapy.
Incisional Seeding of Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma Following Carotid Endarterectomy: An Unusual Case of an Unknown Primary Cancer Presenting as a Presumed Neck Abscess
Authors: Staudt Michael D , Langdon Kristopher D , Hammond Robert R , Lownie Stephen P
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a safe and effective procedure, with a low risk of complications when performed by experienced surgeons. Postoperative infections are particularly rare, reportedly affecting less than 1% of cases. Incisional metastases have not been described.

OBJECTIVE

To describe a previously unreported complication, the incisional seeding of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) during neck dissection, which presented and was treated as a presumed postoperative neck abscess.

METHODS

Clinical records were reviewed regarding a 73-yr-old female who underwent routine CEA and presented 2 mo postoperatively with neck induration and erythema. Tissue submitted during the initial CEA was reexamined given the updated clinical history.

RESULTS

Postoperatively, a complex, multi-cystic fluid collection beneath the incision was identified and percutaneously drained. Although cultures were negative, an infection was favored and antibiotic therapy initiated. The patient's symptoms worsened prompting surgical exploration, and tissue sent for pathological examination was consistent with metastatic SCC. Retrospective analysis of a lymph node excised during the initial dissection also revealed tumor deposits, indicating that the surgical site had been seeded during exposure. A primary origin was not identified.

CONCLUSION

The time from initial presentation of postoperative complications to a final diagnosis of metastatic SCC was 2 mo, during which time the patient was treated as having a postoperative infection. Further investigations were consistent with diffuse and incurable metastatic disease. This report highlights the diagnostic challenges and potential avoidance strategies when dealing with rare complications following CEA.
Predictors of risk-reducing surgery intentions following genetic counseling for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer
Authors: Ladd Mary Kathleen , Peshkin Beth N , Senter Leigha , Baldinger Shari , Isaacs Claudine , Segal Hannah , Philip Samantha , Phillips Chloe , Shane Kate , Martin Aimee , Weinstein Veronique , Pilarski Robert , Jeter Joanne , Sweet Kevin , Hatten Bonnie , Wurtmann Elisabeth J , Phippen Shanda , Bro Della , Schwartz Marc D
Published: November 2018

Risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) and salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) are increasingly used to reduce breast and ovarian cancer risk following BRCA1/BRCA2 testing. However, little is known about how genetic counseling influences decisions about these surgeries. Although previous studies have examined intentions prior to counseling, few have examined RRM and RRSO intentions in the critical window between genetic counseling and test result disclosure. Previous research has indicated that intentions at this time point predict subsequent uptake of surgery, suggesting that much decision-making has taken place prior to result disclosure. This period may be a critical time to better understand the drivers of prophylactic surgery intentions. The aim of this study was to examine predictors of RRM and RRSO intentions. We hypothesized that variables from the Health Belief Model would predict intentions, and we also examined the role of affective factors. Participants were 187 women, age 21–75, who received genetic counseling for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. We utilized multiple logistic regression to identify independent predictors of intentions. 49.2% and 61.3% of participants reported intentions for RRM and RRSO, respectively. Variables associated with RRM intentions include: newly diagnosed with breast cancer (OR = 3.63, 95% CI = 1.20–11.04), perceived breast cancer risk (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.17–1.81), perceived pros (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.38–2.32) and cons of RRM (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.65–0.996), and decision conflict (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.66–0.98). Variables associated with RRSO intentions include: proband status (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.09–0.89), perceived pros (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.11–1.63) and cons of RRSO (OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.59–0.89), and ambiguity aversion (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.65–0.95). These data provide support for the role of genetic counseling in fostering informed decisions about risk management, and suggest that the role of uncertainty should be explored further.
Regulated Disorder: Posttranslational Modifications Control the RIN4 Plant Immune Signaling Hub
Authors: Toruño Tania Y. , Shen Mingzhe , Coaker Gitta , Mackey David
Published: November 2018

RIN4 is an intensively studied immune regulator in Arabidopsis and is involved in perception of microbial features outside and bacterial effectors inside plant cells. Furthermore, RIN4 is conserved in land plants and is targeted for posttranslational modifications by several virulence proteins from the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Despite the important roles of RIN4 in plant immune responses, its molecular function is not known. RIN4 is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP), except at regions where pathogen-induced posttranslational modifications take place. IDP act as hubs for protein complex formation due to their ability to bind to multiple client proteins and, thus, are important players in signal transduction pathways. RIN4 is known to associate with multiple proteins involved in immunity, likely acting as an immune-signaling hub for the formation of distinct protein complexes. Genetically, RIN4 is a negative regulator of immunity, but diverse posttranslational modifications can either enhance its negative regulatory function or, on the contrary, render it a potent immune activator. In this review, we describe the structural domains of RIN4 proteins, their intrinsically disordered regions, posttranslational modifications, and highlight the implications that these features have on RIN4 function. In addition, we will discuss the potential role of plasma membrane subdomains in mediating RIN4 protein complex formations.
Morphine Exacerbates Postfracture Nociceptive Sensitization, Functional Impairment, and Microglial Activation in Mice
Authors: Li Wen-Wu , Irvine Karen-Amanda , Sahbaie Peyman , Guo Tian-Zhi , Shi Xiao-you , Tawfik Vivianne L. , Kingery Wade S. , Clark J. David
Published: November 2018

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background

Emerging evidence suggests that opioid use immediately after surgery and trauma may worsen outcomes. In these studies, the authors aimed to determine whether morphine administered for a clinically relevant time period (7 days) in a tibia fracture orthopedic surgery model had adverse effects on postoperative recovery.

Methods

Mice were given morphine twice daily for 7 days after unilateral tibial fracture and intramedullary pin fixation to model orthopedic surgery and limb trauma. Mechanical allodynia, limb-specific weight bearing, gait changes, memory, and anxiety were measured after injury. In addition, spinal cord gene expression changes as well as glial activation were measured. Finally, the authors assessed the effects of a selective Toll-like receptor 4 antagonist, TAK-242, on nociceptive and functional changes after injury.

Results

Tibial fracture caused several weeks of mechanical nociceptive sensitization (F
(1, 216) = 573.38, P < 0.001, fracture + vehicle vs. sham + vehicle, n = 10 per group), and this change was exacerbated by the perioperative administration of morphine (F
(1, 216) = 71.61, P < 0.001, fracture + morphine vs. fracture + vehicle, n = 10 per group). In additional testing, injured limb weight bearing, gait, and object location memory were worse in morphine-treated fracture mice than in untreated fracture mice. Postfracture expression levels of several genes previously associated with opioid-induced hyperalgesia, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor and prodynorphin, were unchanged, but neuroinflammation involving Toll-like receptor 4 receptor–expressing microglia was observed (6.8 ± 1.5 [mean ± SD] cells per high-power field for fracture + vehicle vs. 12 ± 2.8 fracture + morphine, P < 0.001, n = 8 per /group). Treatment with a Toll-like receptor 4 antagonist TAK242 improved nociceptive sensitization for about 2 weeks in morphine-treated fracture mice (F
(1, 198) = 73.36, P < 0.001, fracture + morphine + TAK242 vs. fracture + morphine, n = 10 per group).

Conclusions

Morphine treatment beginning at the time of injury impairs nociceptive recovery and other outcomes. Measures preventing glial activation through Toll-like receptor 4 signaling may reduce the adverse consequences of postoperative opioid administration.
Low Incidence of Biphasic Allergic Reactions in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care after Anaphylaxis
Authors: Højlund Sofie , Søe-Jensen Peter , Perner Anders , Bestle Morten H. , Carl Peder , Thormar Katrin , Viggers Sandra , Elberling Sofie , Garvey Lene H.
Published: November 2018

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background

Biphasic allergic reactions—recurrence of allergy symptoms after a symptom-free period—are reported to occur in 1 to 23% of allergic reactions. Patients admitted to an intensive care unit after anaphylaxis potentially have more severe reactions and a higher risk of biphasic allergic reactions. The purpose of this study was to examine incidence, triggers, symptoms, and treatment of biphasic allergic reactions, in patients admitted to an intensive care unit.

Methods

Records of patients admitted to intensive care units with anaphylaxis from 2011 to 2014 were reviewed. Only patients with a reaction fulfilling internationally accepted criteria for anaphylaxis were included. Potential biphasic allergic reactions, defined as renewed allergy symptoms 1 to 72 h after initial symptoms had resolved, without further exposure to the trigger, were identified.

Results

A total of 83 cases of anaphylaxis were identified, and the most frequent triggers were medications (58 of 83 [70%]). Skin symptoms occurred in 69 (83%) cases, and circulatory and respiratory symptoms in 48 (58%) and 45 (54%) cases, respectively. In total, 82 (99%), 80 (96%), and 66 (80%) were treated with antihistamines, corticosteroids, and epinephrine, respectively. Only 10 patients presented with one or more relevant symptoms after the initial allergic reaction. Of these, three were possible, and one was a probable biphasic allergic reaction, giving a total incidence of 4 of 83 (4.8% [95% CI, 1.6 to 12.5]) or 1 of 83 (1.2% [95% CI, 0.1 to 7.46]), respectively. All cases were mild, presenting with skin symptoms only, occurring on average 14 h after initial reactions.

Conclusions

The authors observed a low incidence of biphasic reactions in patients admitted to an intensive care unit after anaphylaxis, at a rate equivalent to that reported in other patient groups.
Long-term Impact of Crystalloid versus Colloid Solutions on Renal Function and Disability-free Survival after Major Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Joosten Alexandre , Delaporte Amélie , Mortier Julien , Ickx Brigitte , Van Obbergh Luc , Vincent Jean-Louis , Cannesson Maxime , Rinehart Joseph , Van der Linden Philippe
Published: November 2018

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background

The authors recently demonstrated that administration of balanced hydroxyethyl starch solution as part of intraoperative goal-directed fluid therapy was associated with better short-term outcomes than administration of a balanced crystalloid solution in patients having major open abdominal surgery. In the present study, a 1-yr follow-up of renal and disability outcomes in these patients was performed.

Methods

All patients enrolled in the earlier study were followed up 1 yr after surgery for renal function and disability using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS). The main outcome measure was the estimated glomerular filtration rate. Other outcomes were serum creatinine, urea, pruritus, and WHODAS score. Groups were compared on a complete-case analysis basis, and modern imputation methods were then used in mixed-model regressions to assess the stability of the findings taking into account the missing data.

Results

Of the 160 patients enrolled in the original study, follow-up data were obtained for renal function in 129 and for WHODAS score in 114. There were no statistically significant differences in estimated glomerular filtration rate at 1 yr (ml min−1 1.73 m−2): 80 [65 to 92] for crystalloids versus 74 [64 to 94] for colloids; 95% CI [−10 to 7], P = 0.624. However, the WHODAS score (%) was statistically significantly lower in the colloid than in the crystalloid group (2.7 [0 to 12] vs. 7.6 [1.3 to 18]; P = 0.015), and disability-free survival was higher (79% vs. 60%; 95% CI [2 to 39]; P = 0.024).

Conclusions

In patients undergoing major open abdominal surgery, there was no evidence of a statistically significant difference in long-term renal function between a balanced hydroxyethyl starch and a balanced crystalloid solution used as part of intraoperative goal-directed fluid therapy, although there was only limited power to rule out a clinically significant difference. However, disability-free survival was significantly higher in the colloid than in the crystalloid group.
Extern Programs Promote Confidence and Reduce Anxiety With Clinical Decision Making in Nursing Students
Authors: White Krista A. , Fetter Mary E. , Ruth-Sahd Lisa A.
Published: November 2018

Background

Clinical decision making (CDM), expected of professional nurses, affects patient outcomes but is arduous for nursing students to learn. Psychological barriers (low self-confidence [SC] and high anxiety with CDM) have an impact on its achievement. Externship programs help mitigate these barriers.

Purpose

The aim was to examine the impact of summer employment (nurse extern [NE], nursing assistant, and non–health care employed) on students' confidence and anxiety with CDM.

Methods

The study used a quasi-experimental before-and-after design using the Nursing Anxiety and Self-Confidence with Clinical Decision Making scale. Associate and baccalaureate degree students (N = 134) from 2 nursing and 2 extern programs were included.

Results

The NEs reported significantly increased SC (F = 14.02, P < .001) and reduced anxiety (F = 8.64, P < .001). Nonsignificant improvements were noted in other groups.

Conclusions

Externships appear to enhance students' SC and lessen their anxiety with CDM.
Dissecting Communication Barriers in Healthcare: A Path to Enhancing Communication Resiliency, Reliability, and Patient Safety
Authors: Guttman Oren T. , Lazzara Elizabeth H. , Keebler Joseph R. , Webster Kristen L. W. , Gisick Logan M. , Baker Anthony L.
Published: November 2018

Suboptimal exchange of information can have tragic consequences to patient’s safety and survival. To this end, the Joint Commission lists communication error among the most common attributable causes of sentinel events. The risk management literature further supports this finding, ascribing communication error as a major factor (70%) in adverse events. Despite numerous strategies to improve patient safety, which are rooted in other high reliability industries (e.g., commercial aviation and naval aviation), communication remains an adaptive challenge that has proven difficult to overcome in the sociotechnical landscape that defines healthcare. Attributing a breakdown in information exchange to simply a generic “communication error” without further specification is ineffective and a gross oversimplification of a complex phenomenon. Further dissection of the communication error using root cause analysis, a failure modes and effects analysis, or through an event reporting system is needed. Generalizing rather than categorizing is an oversimplification that clouds clear pattern recognition and thereby prevents focused interventions to improve process reliability. We propose that being more precise when describing communication error is a valid mechanism to learn from these errors. We assert that by deconstructing communication in healthcare into its elemental parts, a more effective organizational learning strategy emerges to enable more focused patient safety improvement efforts. After defining the barriers to effective communication, we then map evidence-based recovery strategies and tools specific to each barrier as a tactic to enhance the reliability and validity of information exchange within healthcare.
Impact of Donor Hepatectomy Time During Organ Procurement in Donation After Circulatory Death Liver Transplantation: The United Kingdom Experience
Authors: Farid Shahid G. , Attia Magdy S. , Vijayanand Dhakshina , Upasani Vivek , Barlow Adam D. , Willis Sean , Hidalgo Ernest , Ahmad Niaz
Published: November 2018

Background.

No data exist to evaluate how hepatectomy time (HT), in the context of donation after cardiac death (DCD) procurement, impacts short- and long-term outcomes after liver transplantation (LT). In this study, we analyze the impact of the time from aortic perfusion to end of hepatectomy on outcomes after DCD LT in the United Kingdom.

Methods.

An analysis of 1112 DCD donor LT across all UK transplant centers between 2001 and 2015 was performed, using data from the UK Transplant Registry. Donors were all Maastricht Category III. Graft survival after transplantation was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method and logistic regression to identify risk factors for primary nonfunction (PNF) and short- and long-term graft survivals after LT.

Results.

Incidence of PNF was 4% (40) and in multivariate analysis only cold ischemia time (CIT) longer than 8 hours (hazard ratio [HR], 2.186; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.113–4.294; P = 0.023) and HT > 60 minutes (HR, 3.669; 95% CI, 1.363–9.873; P = 0.01) were correlated with PNF. Overall 90-day, 1-, 3-, and 5-year graft survivals in DCD LT were 91.2%, 86.5%, 80.9%, and 77.7% (compared with a donation after brain death cohort in the same period [n = 7221] 94%, 91%, 86.6%, and 82.6%, respectively [P < 0.001]). In multivariate analysis, the factors associated with graft survival were HT longer than 60 minutes, donor older than 45 years, CIT longer than 8 hours, and recipient previous abdominal surgery.

Conclusions.

There is a negative impact of prolonged HT on outcomes on DCD LT and although HT is 60 minutes or longer is not a contraindication for utilization, it should be part of a multifactorial assessment with established prognostic donor factors, such as age (>45 y) and CIT (>8 h) for an appropriately selected recipient.
Recent trends in Tricolored Blackbird colony size: analysis of the 2008 through 2017 Triennial Statewide Surveys
Authors: Meehan Timothy D. , Arthur Samantha , Michel Nicole L. , Wilsey Chad B. , Langham Gary M.
Published: November 2018

Tricolored blackbird (Agelaius tricolor) is a colonial breeder, largely restricted to grasslands, wetlands, and agricultural habitats of California. Tricolored blackbird abundance declined considerably during the 20th century. Recent trends have been less clear, however, hindering efforts to evaluate the conservation needs of the species. We assessed trends in tricolored blackbird colony size using the 2008, 2011, 2014, and 2017 Triennial Tricolored Blackbird Statewide Survey, a community-science effort involving hundreds of volunteer observers. After accounting for variation in observer characteristics and survey effort, we found a clear, statistically significant decline in colony size of approximately –5% per year, which translated to a decrease in colony size of approximately –40% between 2008 and 2017. To the extent that colony size is proportional to total abundance, this decline translates to a species half-life of roughly 15 years. We conclude that tricolored blackbird is in considerable need of protection and recovery efforts.
The Effect of Proportion and Degree of Resistance of CD4+ Lymphocytes on in vivo HIV dynamics
Authors: Cole Andrew O. , Mbogo Rachel W. , Luboobi Livingstone S.
Published: November 2018

For a disease like HIV(Human Immunodeficiency Virus) that infects 240 human beings each hour with the consequent increase in morbidity and mortality, a cure would be very welcome news. In order for this to happen, the true in vivo dynamics of transmission must be understood. Mathematical modelling and computational prowess have made it possible to convert large sets of data into easily analyzed and interpreted information with an amazing potential to change lives. In this paper, we explored the use of biomathematical modeling with computation in the dynamic changes resulting from HIV infection of CD4+(Cluster of differentiation 4) lymphocytes. This model is designed to simulate the in vivo dynamics of the proportion and degree of CD4+ lymphocyte resistance. Our results show that the degree of intrinsic CD4+resistance against the acquisition of HIV is more important than the proportion of resistant CD4+lymphocytes in vivo. Genetic determinants of resistance are postulated to be the backbone of development of intrinsic resistance. This work may serve as serve as a blueprint on how to use biomathematical modeling to tackle other infectious diseases. The findings of this work will be the basis of enthusiastic research to finally realize definitive control of HIV.
A key role for UV sex chromosomes in the regulation of parthenogenesis in the brown algaEctocarpus
Authors: Mignerot Laure , Avia Komlan , Luthringer Remy , Lipinska Agnieszka P. , Peters Akira F. , Cock J. Mark , Coelho Susana M.
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Although evolutionary transitions from sexual to asexual reproduction are frequent in eukaryotes, the genetic bases of these shifts remain largely elusive. Here, we used classic quantitative trait analysis, combined with genomic and transcriptomic information to dissect the genetic basis of asexual, parthenogenetic reproduction in the brown algaEctocarpus. We found that parthenogenesis is controlled by the sex locus, together with two additional autosomal loci, highlight the key role of the sex chromosome as a major regulator of asexual reproduction. Importantly, we identify several negative effects of parthenogenesis on male fitness, but also different fitness effects between parthenogenesis and life cycle generations, supporting the idea that parthenogenesis may be under both sexual selection and generation/ploidally-antagonistic selection. Overall, our data provide the first empirical illustration, to our knowledge, of a trade-off between the haploid and diploid stages of the life cycle, where distinct parthenogenesis alleles have opposing effects on sexual and asexual reproduction and may contribute to the maintenance of genetic variation. These types of fitness trade-offs have profound evolutionary implications in natural populations and may structure life history evolution in organisms with haploid-diploid life cycles.
Global analysis of methionine oxidation provides a census of folding stabilities for the human proteome
Authors: Walker Ethan J , Bettinger John Q , Welle Kevin A , Hryhorenko Jennifer R , Ghaemmaghami Sina
Published: November 2018

The stability of proteins influences their tendency to aggregate, undergo degradation or become modified in cells. Despite their significance to understanding protein folding and function, quantitative analyses of thermodynamic stabilities have been mostly limited to soluble proteins in purified systems. We have used a highly multiplexed proteomics approach, based on analyses of methionine oxidation rates, to quantify stabilities of ~10,000 unique regions within ~3,000 proteins in human cell extracts. The data identify lysosomal and extracellular proteins as the most stable ontological subsets of the proteome. We show that the stability of proteins impacts their tendency to become oxidized and is globally altered by the osmolyte trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). We also show that most proteins designated as intrinsically disordered retain their unfolded structure in the complex environment of the cell. Together, the data provide a census of the stability of the human proteome and validate a methodology for global quantitation of folding thermodynamics.