bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Queensland, the State of Development
Authors: Cameron David
Published: August 2016

The general consensus of historians is that Queensland was economically dependent on primary production, and that, compared to the southern states, its manufacturing sector was relatively underdeveloped and unsophisticated. Generally speaking, however, the discipline of economic history has not paid sufficient attention to Queensland history, nor has economic analysis in the general body of Queensland historiography been as rigorous and encompassing as it could be. Some of the main themes on economic development considered in Queensland historiography are the patterns of expansion and dominance of the pastoral industry, the growth in agricultural activity associated with closer settlement schemes, and from after the First World War, the institutionalised responses intended to give primary producers control over marketing their own commodities. This reflects the obvious rural bias that infused the political economy of the period. However, close empirical analysis of the economic processes and sectoral composition of Queensland's industrial base demonstrates that the economic significance of the secondary industry sector has been somewhat understated historiographically. Furthermore, the impact of internal and external political, financial and ideological forces that effectively marginalised early Labor government plans to encourage the development of secondary industries have not been adequately researched. To illustrate the context of this, an examination of the dominant patterns of government sponsored developmental policy needs first to be undertaken.
A Liberal Revival in Brisbane?
Authors: Reynolds Paul
Published: August 2016

The paper takes as its point of departure the proposition that for the Liberals to return as a significant electoral force in Queensland state politics they need to be far more successful in metropolitan electorates than in the 1983–92 period.

The extent of the electoral advancement in the greater metropolitan area in 1995 is examined by a classification of seat types and by voting patterns in the recent past. It is found that such success was variable, heavily dependent upon the legacy of the National urban vote (1989–92) and the propensity of erstwhile ALP voters to opt for Others, rather than the Liberals when registering their primary vote.
'God being, not in the bush'
Authors: Johnston Anna
Published: August 2016

Throughout the history of British colonies, the intermingling of commerce and ‘civility’ produced the kinds of colonies that Britain (like other imperial nations) most needed — colonies which not only produced raw materials or space for recalcitrant criminals, but also spaces in which imperialist discourses could educate, convert, and expand what was known of human consciousness. The imperial ‘duty’ was to civilise and conquer the unknown non-Western world for imperial consumption and ‘native’ edification. Through education, both religious and secular, European missionaries sought to inculcate native minds and bodies with the tenets of Western Christianity and culture. Whilst many recent studies have examined the ways in which imperial discourses conquered and codified ‘other’ cultures and peoples, the history of the missionary movement exemplifies a particularly overt form of the dissemination of imperial/Christian discourses. Through Christian teachings, which not only codified religious thinking but also appropriate social behaviour, imperial discourses shaped the manner in which life was experienced under Christian and imperial rule. This paper will explore the ways that missionary activity assisted and effected colonial control.
'Edward Koiki Mabo: His Life and Struggle For Land Rights', Noel Loos and Koiki Mabo, University of Queensland Press, 1996, 206pp
Authors: La Macchia Graeme
Published: August 2016

Edward Koiki Mabo: His Life and Struggle For Land Rights, Noel Loos and Koiki Mabo, University of Queensland Press, 1996, 206pp
The Decay of Reform
Authors: Prenzler Tim
Published: August 2016

The 1989 Fitzgerald Report into police and governmental corruption in Queensland has been a model for public sector reform in Australia. It is especially timely to consider the impact of those reforms in light of the current overhaul of the largest police agency in Australia, the New South Wales Police Service, and of continuing problems with public sector probity in other states. Queensland made significant advances in improving electoral and administrative processes, and creating external independent oversight of the police. Nonetheless, unforeseen gaps in the Fitzgerald agenda allowed reactionary forces to dilute the reform process. Three primary areas remain ‘unreconstructed’. Reform has not been firmly established from the top down, beginning with progressing the system of representative democracy and opening up cabinet. Additionally, the Police Service appears to have successfully resisted the prescribed re-orientation away from law enforcement to community policing. Detection and control of misconduct also remain weak. A more interventionist Criminal Justice Commission is needed, with more proactive strategies for developing compliance with ethical standards.
The Australian Stockman's Hall of Fame and the Australian Legend
Authors: Trotter Robin
Published: August 2016

On the fortieth anniversary of the publication of Russell Ward's Australian Legend, it is timely to evaluate the strength of the bush legend in contemporary Australia. One way of doing this is to consider how elements of the legend have been taken up in tourist products and this study, which takes up on an earlier study undertaken in 1988 (Trotter, 1992), looks at the impacts the Australian Stockman's Hall of Fame and Outback Cultural Centre in Longreach (the Hall) has had on the town, the region, and broader spheres. Also celebrating an anniversary in April — its tenth — the Hall has, over the decade, become a significant outback tourist site; and the journey there has acquired almost pilgrimage status. It has put Longreach ‘on the map’; and it has also provided a model for towns and regions aspiring to a ‘heritage-led’ economic recovery.
'The Cane Toad Times' Queensland — Warts and All
Authors: Stocks Simon
Published: August 2016

The Cane Toad Times — Australia's Humour Magazine was published in two volumes. Volume one was published in the late 1970's and volume two between 1983 and 1990.

The first volume of The Cane Toad Times was approximately seven issues and appeared between 1977 and 1978. It was published by Planet Press in Brisbane and in the words of the editors of volume 2, it was “…a funny little folded thing filled with naughty cartoons and scribblings founded somewhere 1976ish by our foretoads…” (CIT Issue 10 1986, p.4) Matt Mawson, who supplied the cover graphic and some illustrations for the first issue described “the original prime movers (as) John Jiggens and John Reid, the Planet Press anarchists” (1997). Volume one was first issued in May 1977 and was sold locally at events such as 4ZZZ-FM market days, but “the early Toad was squashed on the road of life by a big truck with Negative Cash Flow Ink written on the side.” (#10 1986, p.4)
The Poor Parsons
Authors: Prentis Malcolm D.
Published: August 2016

An examination of the Presbyterian ministry in colonial Queensland is a revealing exercise. It tells something of the nature of a very significant class in colonial society, the clergy, who acted as the “public intellectuals” of their age. It aids the assessment of the extent to which the Presbyterian Church remained an immigrant Scottish institution. It also provides some insights into the causes of the differences of style observable in Presbyterianism from state to state, suggesting a relationship to differences over Church union in the 1970s.
Studying Whiteness
Authors: Brodkin Karen
Published: August 2016

If, as a famous dead white European man once suggested, the point of studying racism is to change it, what can we learn about ending racism by studying it as whiteness? The first part of the paper summarizes some of the major issues and findings of recent studies of whiteness in the United States. It suggests that there is a hidden life at the heart of whiteness which is about preserving a set of specifically white constructions of masculinity and femininity, and that whites' lack of consciousness about this, and about white privilege in general, have undermined antiracist efforts. It summarizes some of the ways in which working-class white privilege is gendered, and how notions of masculinity and femininity are racial. Part II examines whiteness as ambivalence about the privileges and costs of whiteness as a useful entry point for understanding impulses to white antiracism.
To Render Australia White
Authors: Gray Geoffrey
Published: August 2016

When I first saw the newspaper advertisementsfor the Coalition's proposed tax reform I was struck by the people in it — their whiteness and their white (British) names — Marge and Dave, Doug and Betty, Sylvia and Alistair and their children Alex and Kate, Michelle and her daughter Chelsea and so on. It was not that it came as a surprise; rather it was the recognition of a normalising of white culture firmly based in British traditions and heritage. Here was ‘white’ presented as homogeneous (we are all white), which denies the degrees of whiteness referred to by writers on whiteness. It caused me to reflect on John Howard's understanding of Australia, his view of Australia's past. His focus on a British white heritage is mirrored by his focus on Aboriginality. This is the key to understanding what the government sponsored advertisements reveal, either consciously or unconsciously, and the particularity of their representation of ‘white’ society. I argue that the implicit agenda of the tax reform advertisement campaign, with its concept of homogeneous whiteness, is the demise of Aboriginality as well as multiculturalism, and the effacing of otherness.
Close to the Edge
Authors: Meadows Michael , Thomson Robert , Stewart Wendy , Stewart Wendy
Published: August 2016

In 1992, the Climbing World Finals event in Birmingham attracted around 5,000 spectators to watch 24 males and 16 females compete in two separate competitions for prize money. In this entertainment spectacular, super-fit young athletes climbed walls using artificial hand and footholds, racing against the clock to determine who would claim the title of the world's ‘best’ climber. In the same year, climbing appeared as a demonstration sport at the Albertville Winter Olympics. And also in the same year, the first indoor climbing gymnasium in Australia opened its climbing wall. There are now around 80 operating around the country under the auspices of the Australian Indoor Climbing Gyms Association Incorporated.
The State, Adoption, and Matron Ivy McGregor
Authors: McCabe Bernadette
Published: August 2016

This paper explores the rise of adoption as a cultural phenomenon by examining some crucial changes in Queensland law.
Locating 'Lady Woodcarvers of Rockhampton'
Authors: Cooke Glenn R.
Published: August 2016

Glenn R. Cooke curated ‘Lady Woodcarvers of Rockhampton’, an exhibition held at the Rockhampton Art Gallery from 7 April to 28 May, 2000.

The exhibition ‘Lady woodcarvers of Rockhampton’ opened at the Rockhampton Art Gallery on 8 April as that institution's major contribution to a series of events to celebrate ‘Beef 2000’. For those who attended the opening, apart from the descendants of the woodcarvers themselves, it was a revelation. Although the exhibition only included twenty-five items, most were on a scale that commanded the space of the Gallery. The display included two wardrobes, two settles, a twotiered cupboard, a kitchen dresser, chest of drawers and double bed as well as coffee tables, chairs, small tables, cupboards and a paper-rack. Until this exhibition, the history of woodcarving in Central Queensland had never been documented.
Timothy Bottoms. 'Djabugay Country: An Aboriginal History of Tropical North Queensland'. St Leonard's, NSW: Allen and Unwin, 1999. 138 + xxii pp
Authors: Evans Raymond
Published: August 2016

Timothy Bottoms. Djabugay Country: An Aboriginal History of Tropical North Queensland. St Leonard's, NSW: Allen and Unwin, 1999. 138 + xxii pp
Transforming a Provincial City
Authors: Tucker Doug
Published: August 2016

Rockhampton City's colourful and controversial Alderman Rex Pilbeam, qualified public accountant and secretary, longest-serving mayor (1952–82) of any Australian city, took office when Rockhampton was burdened with heavy municipal debt, poor quality roads, costly water supply, little sewerage, and few recreational facilities. However, Pilbeam's vision, single-minded devotion, unflagging energy, political skill, and managerial flair brought a dramatic turnaround in the city's fortunes. Continuing after retirement with voluntary community service until his mid-eighties, the Pilbeam legacy to Rockhampton is everywhere in evidence.
'Cooking with Bunya Nuts'
Authors: Stuart-Fox Elisabeth
Published: August 2016

The large edible seeds or nuts found in the cone of the bunya pine were an important food for Aboriginal people in Northern New South Wales and South-East Queensland and held a special place during ceremonies and festivities. In terms of nutritional value they have the lowest fat content compared to other nuts such as macadamias, pecans, pine nuts, cashews, and almonds, and are thus very much lower in energy. However, they contain the highest level of protein of any nuts, as well as being rich in iron and ' complex carbohydrates, which makes them a valuable part of a balanced and nutritious diet.
A Chronology of the Bunya Pine
Authors: Haebich Anna
Published: August 2016

A chronology of the bunya pine.
B.T. O'Sullivan, 'Death of a Slaughterman: And Other Stories by a Doctor from the Country', Brisbane: Watson Ferguson & Co, 2003, 185 + iii pp. $27.95
Authors: Roberts Beryl
Published: August 2016

B.T. O'Sullivan, Death of a Slaughterman: And Other Stories by a Doctor from the Country, Brisbane: Watson Ferguson & Co, 2003, 185 + iii pp. $27.95
The 1900s
Authors: Megarrity Lyndon
Published: August 2016

Queensland politics during the first decade after Federation is a subject which has received little attention from historians and political scientists. In general, they have shown a marked lack of enthusiasm for the era, preferring to rush on to the period after 1915 — the year in which Queensland Labor formed its first viable, long-term government. In this essay, I propose to show that the 1900s was in fact an important turning point in Queensland history. I will show how the almost exclusively developmental political culture of Queensland was successfully challenged by Liberal and Labor parliamentary forces when the Philp government (1899–1903) could not respond adequately to the problems of Federation and domestic recession. I shall also demonstrate that the tentative steps towards social intervention made by Queensland governments during 1903–15 reflected a significant change in political attitudes within a parliament which had traditionally concentrated on supporting capitalist-orientated development. The moderate electoral, industrial and education reforms offered during the 1900s paved the way for the more radical state interventions offered by subsequent Labor administrations between 1915 and 1957.
Henry Reynolds, 'North of Capricorn: The Untold Story of Australia's North', Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2003, ISBN 1 86508 030 6, 220 pp., $49.95
Authors: McGregor Russell
Published: August 2016

Henry Reynolds, North of Capricorn: The Untold Story of Australia's North, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2003, ISBN 1 86508 030 6, 220 pp., $49.95
Museums, Community Identity and Urban Heritage
Authors: Logan William
Published: August 2016

At a recent conference of the International Planning History Society, Michael Cohen, formerly of the World Bank, argued that ‘the city is missing in action’:

'While we, as urbanists, are passionate about our belief in the mysteries and potentialities of the city, and the role of the city in history — past, present, and future — the city is not present in some of the most important debates about the future of the planet.'

He went on to insist on a major role for cities in national economic and social development, particularly in countries governed within neo-liberal policy frameworks that generally ignore cities other than to see them as the geographical centres of finance and trade. Cohen's argument is that, if we are to improve economic growth rates, reduce poverty and inequality and create safety nets to cushion countries and their peoples from polarisation and other changes being wrought by globalisation, a larger role must be given to cities. The issue, he asserts, is ‘how to support urban economic policies to stimulate and sustain economic multipliers needed to generate employment and incomes’.
Comparative Perspectives on White and Indigenous Women's Political Citizenship in Queensland
Authors: Grimshaw Patricia
Published: August 2016

The centenary of the passage in early 1905 of the Act to Amend the Elections Acts, 1885 to 1899, which extended the right to vote to white women in Queensland, marks a moment of great importance in the political and social history of Australia. The high ground of the history of women's suffrage in Australia is undoubtedly the passage of the 1902 Commonwealth Franchise Act that gave all white women in Australia political citizenship: the right to vote and to stand for parliamentary office at the federal level. Obviously this attracted the most attention internationally, given that it placed Australia on the short list of communities that had done so to date; most women in the world had to await the aftermath of the First or Second World Wars for similar rights.
Lady Parachutists and the End of Civilisation in Queensland
Authors: Metcalf Bill
Published: August 2016

Brisbane was wiped off the face of the Earth and Queensland ceased to exist as a political entity under the combined military forces of Victoria and New South Wales during violent conflict at the end of the twentieth century. Brisbane was annihilated because of the un-Christian sins of its people, and the moral corruption of its leaders. The Queensland Defence Force was incapable of defending even itself, let alone defeating the invading troops. The pivotal event in this collapse concerned the alluring performances by a group of ‘lady parachutists’ who entertained the Queensland military forces, thereby distracting them and allowing the opposing forces to easily defeat them at the Battle of Fort Lytton.

That, at least, is the key to the plot of Dr Thomas Pennington Lucas's 1894 dystopian novel The Ruins of Brisbane in the Year 2000. The origin of this ‘lady parachutists’ myth, and the connections between this myth and the end of Queensland civilisation, led me to research a fascinating episode in Queensland's cultural history, and in particular Victorian notions of sexual propriety, ‘true manhood’ and the combined — albeit veiled — threats posed by unfettered female sexuality and male masturbation.
Creating a Culture
Authors: Cryle Denis
Published: August 2016

Professor J.J. Stable, a pioneer of Australian literature at the University of Queensland, recognised the sporadic development of the state's literary culture when he observed in 1924 that, while Queensland writing was ‘not what it was’: ‘There is however very evident in Queensland at the present time a revival of interest in all matters appertaining to art and literature.’ The moment for this optimistic reflection was, aptly, the Brisbane centenary celebrations. While predominantly a metropolitan event, it was not without ramifications for regional Queensland writers. Like the state and national commemorations of 1959 and 1988, it began to recognise local talent and Queensland cultural achievement in a cohesive and semi-official manner.
A Bohemian Wife
Authors: Buckridge Patrick
Published: August 2016

Olga Penton died of heart failure at her home in Sydney one evening in 1973. She was found the next morning sitting upright in an armchair, with a plate of cold chicken half-eaten on her lap, a knowing smile on her face, and looking a lot younger than her 76 years. This is an image that captures the cheerful stoicism of her last twenty years of life. Fifty years earlier, another sedentary image captures an earlier self: the image is of Olga sitting naked in a bath, presiding over an intellectual salon of writers and free-thinkers in the Brisbane flat she was sharing with her new husband, Brian Penton. It is hard to be sure whether this second image exactly corresponds to reality — neither of my informants was personally present at any of the bathroom salons, and both reported them as a spicy rumour rather than an observed fact — but whether true or not, we can say that the rumour expresses the ambience of intellectual sophistication and sexual daring that seems to have surrounded her at the time.
Managing the Environment in a Sea Change Community
Authors: Danaher Mike
Published: August 2016

In 2004, the National Sea Change Taskforce (NSCT) was established in response to the way in which accelerated growth and development in sea change communities is negatively impacting on those areas' ecology, society and economy. The NSCT is a collective of more than 68 council planners from around Australia charged with working collaboratively with state and federal tiers of government to develop policies that will protect the coastal environment and establish sustainable limits to growth.
Wolston Park Hospital, 1865–2001
Authors: Finnane Mark
Published: August 2016

We know about the first day at Wolston Park from a report in the Brisbane Courier of 1865. On 12 January of that year, seven prison warders (two of them women) and ten police constables escorted 57 male and twelve female lunatics from Brisbane Gaol ‘to the new Asylum at Woogaroo’. Since 1859, Queensland's insane had no longer been sent to Sydney, but were lodged instead at the Brisbane Gaol. Now the asylum was ready, its residents were loaded into cabs and taken down to the river. There they boarded a steamer named Settler and were conveyed down the river to the landing point near Woogaroo Creek. The name of the asylum hinted at the reality that this was Aboriginal land: the word Woogaroo, so it was remembered in the 1930s, being a corruption of an Aboriginal word meaning ‘to step over a person lying down’. Aboriginal people would be among the earliest inhabitants of the asylum, but not in great numbers. Instead, the institution was rapidly filled from its earliest days with the immigrant settlers who made up most of the colony's growing population.
Colonialism and the Role of the Local Show
Authors: Edwards Rob
Published: August 2016

Agricultural shows are important events in rural and regional Australia. For over a century, they have often been the main annual festival on any given town's calendar. This importance makes the lack of scholarly attention to rural and regional shows puzzling. Recently, Australian exhibitions and agricultural shows have come in for some very welcome scholarly attention, although very little has been written about rural and regional events. Scholars such as Kate Darian-Smith and Sara Wills, Joanne Scott and Ross Laurie, Judith McKay, and Kay Anderson have all written on exhibitions and shows – although, of this group, only Darian-Smith and Wills have written on rural shows, the rest focusing more on inter-colonial and metropolitan Australian shows. Even Richard Waterhouse's groundbreaking study of rural Australian cultural history, The Vision Splendid, provides little detail on agricultural shows and their role in rural cultural life, although the show's importance is recognised.
Celebration or Manufacturing Nostalgia?
Authors: Brien Donna Lee
Published: August 2016

Brisbane's World Expo '88 changed people's lives, and the memories of Expo '88 are revered more than 20 years on from the event itself. We are very much looking forward to celebrating the anniversary of this very special event with the people of Brisbane, and recreating the unique atmosphere and sense of wonder that Expo '88 created in Brisbane. (Malcolm Snow, South Bank Corporation CEO, in Hoey 2008a). World Expo ‘88, also widely known as ‘Expo '88’ and locally simply as ‘Expo’, was held in Brisbane from April to October 1988, as a key event of the national Bicentennial celebrations commemorating the 200 years of European settlement of Australia. Other major components of the Bicentennial year – such as the symbolic re-enactment of the voyage of the First Fleet that culminated in the Parade of Tall Ships sailing into Sydney Harbour on Australia Day – together with other significant national events such as the 1956 and 2000 Olympic Games, have generated historically focused interest, which has been manifested and disseminated in the usual way in articles, books and museum exhibitions. Brisbane's World Expo '88, however, appears to be one of the few Australian so-called ‘signature’ events that has also generated its own long-lived series of commemorative memorials and festivals.
'Tom Hurstbourne or A Squatter's Life'
Authors: Clavering Wood John
Published: August 2016

Extracts from Tom Hurstbourne or A Squatter's Life by John Clavering Wood. Edited by Gerard Benjamin and Gloria Grant.
Holding Australia to Ransom
Authors: Saunders Malcolm , Lloyd Neil
Published: August 2016

Probably no one who has entered either federal or state Parliament in Australia departed from it as loathed and despised as Malcolm Arthur Colston. A Labor senator from Queensland between 1975 and 1996, he is remembered by that party as a 'rat' who betrayed it for the sake of personal advancement. Whereas many Labor parliamentarians - most notably Prime Minister 'Billy' Hughes in 1917 - have left the party because they strongly disagreed with it over a major policy issue or a matter of principle, in the winter of 1996 Colston unashamedly left it to secure the deputy presidency of the Senate and the status, income and several other perquisites that went with it.  Labor's bitterness towards Colston stems not merely from the fact that he showed extraordinary ingratitude towards a party that had allowed him a parliamentary career but more especially because, between his defection from the party in August 1996 and his retirement from Parliament in June 1999, his vote allowed the Liberal-National Party government led by John Howard to pass legislation through the Senate that might otherwise have been rejected.
Rod Fisher, 'Boosting Brisbane: Imprinting the Colonial Capital of Queensland', Brisbane: Boolarong Press & Brisbane History Group, 2009- John R. Laverty, 'The Making of a Metropolis: Brisbane 1823-1925', Brisbane: Boolarong Press & Brisbane History Group
Authors: Taylor Cheryl
Published: August 2016

Rod Fisher, Boosting Brisbane: Imprinting the Colonial Capital of Queensland, Brisbane: Boolarong Press and Brisbane History Group, 2009, ISBN 9 7819 2155 5220 (pb); 9 7819 2155 5237 (hb), 298 pp., $49.95 (pb), $97.50 (limited collector's edition).
John R. Laverty, The Making of a Metropolis: Brisbane 1823-1925, Brisbane: Boolarong Press and Brisbane History Group, 2009, ISBN 9 7809 7517 9352, 248 pp., $39.95
Kate Morton, 'The Forgotten Garden and Jena Woodhouse, 'Farming Ghosts'
Authors: Green Stephanie
Published: August 2016

Kate Morton, The Forgotten Garden, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2008, ISBN 9 7817 4175 7644, 554 pp., $32.95

Jena Woodhouse, Farming Ghosts, Adelaide: Ginninderra Press, ISBN 9 7817 4027 5569, 199 pp, $25.00
Website: 'German Missionaries in Queensland'
Authors: Bonnell Andrew G.
Published: August 2016

German Missionaries in Queensland (hosted by Griffith University website at http://missionaries.griffith.edu.au)
Out of the Frying Pan
Authors: Heckenberg Kerry
Published: August 2016

This article had its genesis in a family photograph of my paternal grandmother's parents, Rowland and Rebecca Walton (see Figure 1). I knew little about them apart from their English origins, but their appearance was intriguing: definitely stalwart pioneers, but what kind ofpioneers? Popular cultural knowledge in Australia provides one central image of the pioneer, summed up concisely by Katharine Susannah Prichard: 'It will be a nation of pioneers, with all the adventurous, toiling strain of the men and women who came over the sea and conquered the wilderness.' Prichard's notion was directly inspired by a painting, The Pioneer (1904) by Frederick McCubbin (1855-1917), described by Tim Bonyhady as 'one ofthe most influential paintings of the emigrant experience in Australia'. Utilising a triptych fonnat, it recounts (in the words of a contemporary reviewer) 'its own legend of the useful toil, the homely joys, and destiny obscure of the pioneer, who does not live, as the rude cross in the third panel indicates, to see the growth or share in the prosperity of the fine city seen in the background of the panel'.
From Deserts the Marchers Come
Authors: Evans Raymond
Published: August 2016

The whole country was trapped in a lie … We were the only truthtellers, as far as we could see. It seldom occurred to us to be afraid. We were sheathed in the fact of our position. It was partly our naiveté which allowed us to leap into this position of freedom, the freedom of absolute right action.

I wish I had said that. But it was written in 1988 by Casey Hayden, a female civil rights worker with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, or ‘Snick’, in the American South of the mid-1960s, remembering that horrific/heroic time of bombings and burnings. In Brisbane, a distant metropolis on the historical bypass, it was nothing as bad as that. No one was murdered — not right then anyway, though there would also be threats, beatings, bombing and arson attacks (and the odd trashing) of leftist personnel, headquarters and bookshops. There would be moments to be afraid. But there is a purer applicability in Hayden's words to the local experience. For there was indeed a whole country trapped in the lie of Vietnam, of ‘White Australia’, of Aboriginal segregative gulags, of the biological fixity of men's and women's uneven positionings, of the sanctity of an intense moral and political censorship, tighter here than just about anywhere in the West: a place where Anzac ruled, sport and politics never mixed and the yawning gulf between Australian values and Australian practices was rarely noticed. A whole traffic-snarl of lies and deception really, and we were the only truth-tellers as far as we could see.
Our Chains
Authors: Thornton Merle
Published: August 2016

On 31 March 1965, Ro Bogner and I went into the public bar of the Regatta Hotel in Brisbane's Coronation Drive and tried to order a lemonade each. Because we were women, we were refused and ordered out, but we did not leave. We chained ourselves to the bar rail instead. The barman, then the publican, then police — first uniformed then plain-clothes — tried hard to get us to leave without force. When they failed, they unexpectedly left us to it. At once there followed a storm of publicity, even extending overseas, and public response ranging from passionate support to hostile opposition right through to threats of violence and even death.

Forty-one years later, in the Museum of Brisbane in the City Hall, I saw photos, press clippings and texts about this first, and subsequent, demonstrations in the campaign to admit women to public bars in Queensland. The context was the recent Taking to the Streets Exhibition, an extensive and well-researched showing of the radical movements in Brisbane in 1965–85. Looking back, how do I now view the Regatta demonstration and the subsequent campaigns for change for women in which I was involved? Where do they stand in relation to changes since? Do they still have relevance to goals for women now?
Taking It from the Streets
Authors: Rickertt Jeff
Published: August 2016

Writing in Griffith Review 13 about ‘being political now’, Mark Bahnisch described the Museum of Brisbane's Taking to the Streets exhibition as a ‘monument to the symbolism of the '60s’. On display, he wrote, were causes and experiences that ‘symbolise a generation’. It's an interesting observation, especially in an essay concerned with debunking generational stereotypes. For it seems Bahnisch himself may have fallen for, well, a generational stereotype. Aside from apparently missing the 75 per cent of the exhibition that didn't deal with the 1960s, he also seems to have failed to notice that the people represented in the interviews, the written accounts, the grainy images, the shaky film footage and the lists of arrests were not all of one generation. Ranging from punks to pensioners, students to seafarers, communists to Christians, they were in fact an amazingly motley bunch of citizens who shared a history only because they shared a desire for a better society and a belief that protest was a legitimate and worthwhile political activity. And, despite the mythology, the issues they mobilised around — war, racism, the nuclear industry, sexism, workers' rights, civil liberties — had been around as causes well before 1965. Even that icon of late 1960s radicalism — the peace symbol — came from earlier times, as Ted D'Urso so carefully explained in his exhibition interview.
Queensland Paediatrics, 1859–1931
Authors: Thearle M. John
Published: August 2016

The first European community in Queensland, the Moreton Bay Penal Settlement, was established in 1824 and continued until 1842 when the area was opened up to free settlers. In the official records of the time there is little mention of the health of children, although the presence of a small number is noted. It is only possible to speculate which diseases were prevalent among the young. Epidemics of ophthalmia, presumably trachoma, dysentery and intermittent fever were recorded in the adult population and, as these conditions were infectious, undoubtedly children would have been included amongst their victims. At the time, one death for twenty-two live births was recorded, a comparatively low infant mortality rate. This may have been because the young population was so small and the children were isolated from the epidemics of childhood disease which occurred in Sydney in the same period.
The Evolution of the Queensland Kid
Authors: Pearce Sharyn
Published: August 2016

Since the education explosion in mid-nineteenth century England, when astute publishers began to capitalise upon a newly created and burgeoning market, Australia has always featured prominently in fiction aimed at children and adolescents. Those British children who initially made up the bulk of the reading audience for books set in Australia were eager to read episodic stories set in exciting countries far from home, and an Australian setting offered a glamorous backdrop for tales of high adventure. Moreover, it appears that while the nineteenth-century British reading public perceived Australia as an exotic place, then Queensland was quintessentially so. A disproportionate number of early tales about life in Australia is set in this colony, most often in the outback regions, but also in the vicinity of the coastal tropics. Nineteenth-century Queensland was viewed by the British, as well as by many Australians, as a remote outpost of Great Britain; it was commonly thought of as the least urbanised, the least “civilised”, the least industrialised and perhaps the most remote of all the regions of Australia. It was widely seen as an area of great and diverse (if also mysterious and desolate) natural beauty, of rural innocence as yet unpolluted by dark, satanic mills (even Brisbane was a sleepy, sprawling country town in picturesque contrast to the bustling southern cities of Sydney and Melbourne). Children's novelists capitalised on the mystique of Queensland, archetypal frontier colony, by creating a cluster of tales showing what it was like to be a Queensland kid.
Speaking their Sex
Authors: Tait Gordon , Meredyth Denise
Published: August 2016

In Sex Education in the Eighties, Mary Calderstone concludes her article with the most common raison d'etre for formal, school-based sex education:

We can no longer allow our young children to be see-sawed back and forth between public over-permissiveness and exploitativeness, on the one hand, and private repressiveness, punishment, shame, guilt, or total silence on the other as we see happening now … Our children are sexual: they are born that way and would not be considered normal if this were not so. It is our responsibility to help parents not to fear or repress their children's sexuality, but to help it to mature safely along with all the other wondrous endowments that are part of being a human child.
'By the Book: A Literary History of Queensland'. Edited by Patrick Buckridge and Belinda McKay. St Lucia: UQP, 2007. $45.00
Authors: Osborne Roger
Published: August 2016

By the Book: A Literary History of Queensland. Edited by Patrick Buckridge and Belinda McKay. St Lucia: UQP, 2007. $45.00
Drosophila melanogaster females restore their attractiveness after mating by removing male anti-aphrodisiac pheromones
Authors: Laturney Meghan , Billeter Jean-Christophe
Published: August 2016

Males from many species ensure paternity by preventing their mates from copulating with other males. One mate-guarding strategy involves marking females with anti-aphrodisiac pheromones (AAPs), which reduces the females’ attractiveness and dissuades other males from courting. Since females benefit from polyandry, sexual conflict theory predicts that females should develop mechanisms to counteract AAPs to achieve additional copulations, but no such mechanisms have been documented. Here we show that during copulation Drosophila melanogaster males transfer two AAPs: cis-Vaccenyl Acetate (cVA) to the females’ reproductive tract, and 7-Tricosene (7-T) to the females’ cuticle. A few hours after copulation, females actively eject cVA from their reproductive tract, which results in increased attractiveness and re-mating. Although 7-T remains on those females, we show that it is the combination of the two chemicals that reduces attractiveness. To our knowledge, female AAP ejection provides the first example of a female mechanism that counter-acts chemical mate-guarding.
Erratum: Finite particle size drives defect-mediated domain structures in strongly confined colloidal liquid crystals
Authors: Gârlea Ioana C. , Mulder Pieter , Alvarado José , Dammone Oliver , Aarts Dirk G. A. L. , Pavlik Lettinga M , Koenderink Gijsje H. , Mulder Bela M.
Published: August 2016

Nature Communications 7: Article number: 12112 (2016); Published: 29 June 2016; Updated: 3 August 2016. The present address for Ioana C. Gârlea is incorrect in this Article. The correct present address for this author is given below: Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090Vienna, Austria.
Modelling chronotaxicity of cellular energy metabolism to facilitate the identification of altered metabolic states
Authors: Lancaster Gemma , Suprunenko Yevhen F. , Jenkins Kirsten , Stefanovska Aneta
Published: August 2016

Altered cellular energy metabolism is a hallmark of many diseases, one notable example being cancer. Here, we focus on the identification of the transition from healthy to abnormal metabolic states. To do this, we study the dynamics of energy production in a cell. Due to the thermodynamic openness of a living cell, the inability to instantaneously match fluctuating supply and demand in energy metabolism results in nonautonomous time-varying oscillatory dynamics. However, such oscillatory dynamics is often neglected and treated as stochastic. Based on experimental evidence of metabolic oscillations, we show that changes in metabolic state can be described robustly by alterations in the chronotaxicity of the corresponding metabolic oscillations, i.e. the ability of an oscillator to resist external perturbations. We also present a method for the identification of chronotaxicity, applicable to general oscillatory signals and, importantly, apply this to real experimental data. Evidence of chronotaxicity was found in glycolytic oscillations in real yeast cells, verifying that chronotaxicity could be used to study transitions between metabolic states.
Osteopontin Deficiency Alters Biliary Homeostasis and Protects against Gallstone Formation
Authors: Lin Jing , Lu Ming , Shao Wei-qing , Chen Zong-you , Zhu Wen-wei , Lu Lu , Jia Hu-liang , Cai Duan , Qin Lun-xiu , Chen Jin-hong
Published: August 2016

The precipitation of excess biliary cholesterol as solid crystals is a prerequisite for cholesterol gallstone formation, which occurs due to disturbed biliary homeostasis. Biliary homeostasis is regulated by an elaborate network of genes in hepatocytes. If unmanaged, the cholesterol crystals will aggregate, fuse and form gallstones. We have previously observed that the levels of osteopontin (OPN) in bile and gallbladder were reduced in gallstone patients. However, the role and mechanism for hepatic OPN in cholesterol gallstone formation is undetermined. In this study, we found that the expression of hepatic OPN was increased in gallstone patients compared with gallstone-free counterparts. Then, we observed that OPN-deficient mice were less vulnerable to cholesterol gallstone formation than wild type mice. Further mechanistic studies revealed that this protective effect was associated with alterations of bile composition and was caused by the increased hepatic CYP7A1 expression and the reduced expression of hepatic SHP, ATP8B1, SR-B1 and SREBP-2. Finally, the correlations between the expression of hepatic OPN and the expression of these hepatic genes were validated in gallstone patients. Taken together, our findings reveal that hepatic OPN contributes to cholesterol gallstone formation by regulating biliary metabolism and might be developed as a therapeutic target for gallstone treatments.
Interplay between up-regulation of cytochrome-c-oxidase and hemoglobin oxygenation induced by near-infrared laser
Authors: Wang Xinlong , Tian Fenghua , Soni Sagar S. , Gonzalez-Lima F. , Liu Hanli
Published: August 2016

Photobiomodulation, also known as low-level laser/light therapy (LLLT), refers to the use of red-to-near-infrared light to stimulate cellular functions for physiological or clinical benefits. The mechanism of LLLT is assumed to rely on photon absorption by cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), the terminal enzyme in the mitochondrial respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen for energy metabolism. In this study, we used broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure the LLLT-induced changes in CCO and hemoglobin concentrations in human forearms in vivo. Eleven healthy participants were administered with 1064-nm laser and placebo treatments on their right forearms. The spectroscopic data were analyzed and fitted with wavelength-dependent, modified Beer-Lambert Law. We found that LLLT induced significant increases of CCO concentration (Δ[CCO]) and oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (Δ[HbO]) on the treated site as the laser energy dose accumulated over time. A strong linear interplay between Δ[CCO] and Δ[HbO] was observed for the first time during LLLT, indicating a hemodynamic response of oxygen supply and blood volume closely coupled to the up-regulation of CCO induced by photobiomodulation. These results demonstrate the tremendous potential of broadband NIRS as a non-invasive, in vivo means to study mechanisms of photobiomodulation and perform treatment evaluations of LLLT.
Erratum: Pubertal development in healthy children is mirrored by DNA methylation patterns in peripheral blood
Authors: Almstrup Kristian , Johansen Marie Lindhardt , Busch Alexander S. , Hagen Casper P. , Nielsen John E. , Petersen Jørgen Holm , Juul Anders
Published: August 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 28657; published online: 28 June 2016; updated: 03 Aug 2016. This Article contains typographical errors in Table 1. In the column ‘Pubertal age’ the values for Boys-pre ‘1st–3rd Qu’ and ‘Range’ “−3.07–1.80” and “−5.06–0.42” should read: “of “−3.07– −1.80” and “−5.
A process to control light in a micro resonator through a coupling modulation by surface acoustic waves
Authors: Fan Guofang , Li Yuan , Hu Chunguang , Lei Lihua , Guo Yanchuan
Published: August 2016

A novel process to control light through the coupling modulation by surface acoustic wave (SAW) is presented in an optical micro resonator. An optical waveguide modulator of a racetrack resonator on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology is took as an example to explore the mechanism. A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) is developed to simulate the acousto-optical (AO) modulator using the mechanism. An analytical method is presented to verify our proposal. The results show that the process can work well as an optical modulator by SAW.
Dynamics and genetics of a disease-driven species decline to near extinction: lessons for conservation
Authors: Hudson M. A. , Young R. P. , D’Urban Jackson J. , Orozco-terWengel P. , Martin L. , James A. , Sulton M. , Garcia G. , Griffiths R. A. , Thomas R. , Magin C. , Bruford M. W. , Cunningham A. A.
Published: August 2016

Amphibian chytridiomycosis has caused precipitous declines in hundreds of species worldwide. By tracking mountain chicken (Leptodactylus fallax) populations before, during and after the emergence of chytridiomycosis, we quantified the real-time species level impacts of this disease. We report a range-wide species decline amongst the fastest ever recorded, with a loss of over 85% of the population in fewer than 18 months on Dominica and near extinction on Montserrat. Genetic diversity declined in the wild, but emergency measures to establish a captive assurance population captured a representative sample of genetic diversity from Montserrat. If the Convention on Biological Diversity’s targets are to be met, it is important to evaluate the reasons why they appear consistently unattainable. The emergence of chytridiomycosis in the mountain chicken was predictable, but the decline could not be prevented. There is an urgent need to build mitigation capacity where amphibians are at risk from chytridiomycosis.
Structural modulation of lithium metal-electrolyte interface with three-dimensional metallic interlayer for high-performance lithium metal batteries
Authors: Lee Hongkyung , Song Jongchan , Kim Yun-Jung , Park Jung-Ki , Kim Hee-Tak
Published: August 2016

The use of lithium (Li) metal anodes has been reconsidered because of the necessity for a higher energy density in secondary batteries. However, Li metal anodes suffer from ‘dead’ Li formation and surface deactivation which consequently form a porous layer of redundant Li aggregates. In this work, a fibrous metal felt (FMF) as a three-dimensional conductive interlayer was introduced between the separator and the Li metal anode to improve the reversibility of the Li metal anode. The FMF can facilitate charge transfer in the porous layer, rendering it electrochemically more active. In addition, the FMF acted as a robust scaffold to accommodate Li deposits compactly in its interstitial sites. The FMF-integrated Li metal (FMF/Li) electrode operated with a small polarisation even at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, and it exhibited a seven times longer cycle-life than that of an FMF-free Li electrode in a symmetric cell configuration. A Li metal battery (LMB) using the FMF/Li electrode and a LiFePO4electrode exhibited a two-fold increase in cycling stability compared with that of a bare Li metal electrode, demonstrating the practical effectiveness of this approach for high performance LMBs.