bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Glyptagnostus reticulatus trilobite faunule from the Cambrian of the Northern Qilian Mountains, northwest China, and its paleogeographical implications
Authors: Zhu Xuejian , Hughes Nigel C. , Zhou Zhiqiang
Published: March 2022

A Glyptagnostus reticulatus (Angelin, 1851)–bearing trilobite assemblage has been found from an unnamed Cambrian formation in the Northern Qilian Mountains area, of which geographical placement in the Cambrian is contested. Glyptagnostus reticulatus is a biostratigraphic indicator of the Furongian Series and Paibian Stage, and three agnostoid and six polymerid taxa from the Changgou section, Daliang area are described herein, along with conspecific forms from the nearby Chuancigou section. This well-preserved assemblage shows strong taxonomic affinity with northwestern Queensland, Australia, and western Hunan–eastern Guizhou, China, and likely comes from deep outer-shelf to slope setting associated with the Northern Qilian arc. It is consistent with other arguments that during the Cambrian, the Northern Qilian arc, along with the Hexi Corridor of the Alxa terrane, were more closely allied to South China than to North China.
The first Middle Ordovician and Gondwanan record of the cincinnaticrinid crinoidOhiocrinus byeongseonin. sp. from South Korea: biostratigraphy, paleobiogeography, and taphonomy
Authors: Park Hyeonmin , Lee Seung-Bae , Woo Jusun , Lee Dong-Chan
Published: March 2022

Ohiocrinus byeongseonin. sp. from the Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) Jigunsan Formation of South Korea in the Sino-Korean (North China) block is the oldest species ofOhiocrinusof the Cincinnaticrinidae and the first record outside Laurentia.O.byeongseoniis characterized by a loosely clockwise-coiled anal sac, isotomous branching throughout arms, long, slender xenomorphic column, and small lichenocrinid-type holdfast. The new species occurs in association with a deep-water siliciclastic environment, unlike the Laurentian species with a shallow-water carbonate environment. The monospecific crinoid assemblage is interpreted as parautochthonous, considering that the crinoids were reworked by relatively weak down-current probably caused by storm but preserved within the environment where they lived. The occurrence ofO.byeongseonipresents a considerable spatiotemporal gap and ecologic disparity in evolution ofOhiocrinusand the Cincinnaticrinidae.

UUID:http://zoobank.org/240417a4-8d33-4f45-aedb-afcc07f1ecbb
Alienated imagination through a mega development project in Turkey: the case of the Osman Gazi Bridge
Authors: Sert Deniz S. , Kuruüzüm Umut
Published: March 2022

Since the rise of the ruling Justice and Development Party in the early 2000s, Turkey has invested in several mega transport and infrastructure projects for the purposes of economic transformation, growth, and development. This article explores the impact of a recently completed mega-project—the Osman Gazi Bridge—on material change and popular imagination about the future. It claims that, while the Bridge created a colossal material change that can be observed by everyone, it also animated an imagined post-industrial transition and inclusive development in the industrial town of Dilovası. Although the dream of a better future serves as a medium for the industrial town’s underprivileged inhabitants to connect and socialize, along with the current marginalizing conditions, it also has the potential to fuel future resistance, if imagination is unable to be transformed into reality.
Reconstructing postglacial hydrologic and environmental change in the eastern Kenai Peninsula lowlands using proxy data and mass balance modeling
Authors: Broadman Ellie , Kaufman Darrell S. , Anderson R. Scott , Bogle Sonya , Ford Matthew , Fortin David , Henderson Andrew C. G. , Lacey Jack H. , Leng Melanie J. , McKay Nicholas P. , Muñoz Samuel E.
Published: March 2022

Despite extensive paleoenvironmental research on the postglacial history of the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, uncertainties remain regarding the region's deglaciation, vegetation development, and past hydroclimate. To elucidate this complex environmental history, we present new proxy datasets from Hidden and Kelly lakes, located in the eastern Kenai lowlands at the foot of the Kenai Mountains, including sedimentological properties (magnetic susceptibility, organic matter, grain size, and biogenic silica), pollen and macrofossils, diatom assemblages, and diatom oxygen isotopes. We use a simple hydrologic and isotope mass balance model to constrain interpretations of the diatom oxygen isotope data. Results reveal that glacier ice retreated from Hidden Lake's headwaters by ca. 13.1 cal ka BP, and that groundwater was an important component of Kelly Lake's hydrologic budget in the Early Holocene. As the forest developed and the climate became wetter in the Middle to Late Holocene, Kelly Lake reached or exceeded its modern level. In the last ca. 75 years, rising temperature caused rapid changes in biogenic silica content and diatom oxygen isotope values. Our findings demonstrate the utility of mass balance modeling to constrain interpretations of paleolimnologic oxygen isotope data, and that groundwater can exert a strong influence on lake water isotopes, potentially confounding interpretations of regional climate.
Prepartum measurement of serum biomarkers reflecting osteoclastic and osteoblastic bone metabolism for predicting the risk of milk fever in dairy cows
Authors: Yamagishi Norio , Kawashima Chiho
Published: March 2022

We investigated whether prepartum levels of serum bone biomarkers are related to the degree of parturient hypocalcaemia and risk of milk fever (MF) in dairy cows with advancing parity. A total of 58 late-pregnant cattle were assigned to four groups: nulliparous, primiparous, multiparous in the 2nd lactation and multiparous in the 3rd–5th lactation. The multiparous cows were further assigned to MF and non-MF groups according to the onset of MF. Serum samples were obtained from the cows during the 3 weeks prepartum to 5 d postpartum period for the measurement of serum calcium (Ca) and three bone biomarkers: tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRAP5b), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (ALP3). The ratios of OPG to TRAP5b (O/T ratio) and ALP3 to TRAP5b (A/T ratio) were calculated. The data from all cattle showed that the severity of hypocalcaemia at parturition increased with advancing parity/age. The MF cows had elevated serum TRAP5b activity and a decreased O/T ratio after parturition, suggesting an increased number of osteoclasts due to osteoclastogenesis, in response to severe hypocalcaemia. The MF cows showed lower serum ALP3 activity during the 3 weeks prepartum than the non-MF cows, therefore, prepartum osteoblast function was likely weak in the MF cows. During the 2–3 weeks prepartum, serum ALP3 activity and the A/T ratio had moderate associations with the serum Ca concentration at day 0 (day of calving) in the multiparous cows, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that ALP3 activity had excellent ability to predict MF. In conclusion, prepartum serum ALP3 activity is a promising biomarker to predict MF in multiparous cows.
A new species ofArostrilepisfromEllobius tancrei(Rodentia: Cricetidae) in Mongolia
Authors: Dursahinhan Altangerel T. , Brooks Daniel R. , Botero-Cañola Sebastian , Gardner Scott L.
Published: March 2022

Cestodes of the genusArostrilepisMas-Coma and Tenora 1997 have a Holarctic distribution with 16 species occurring among 28 species of mostly arvicoline hosts. The type species of the genus isArostrilepis horrida(von Linstow, 1901), described initially asTaenia horridavon Linstow, 1901, from murine rodents in Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), Germany. Here we report the first helminth parasite from the mole-vole,Ellobius tancrei, in Mongolia which is the first subterranean rodent known to be infected withArostrilepisin the Palearctic. In addition, we describe a new species:Arostrilepis batsaikhanin. sp. which most closely resemblesA. microtisGulyaev and Chechulin 1997, differing from this species with a genetic distance of about 4% (using cytochrome-b) and by having distinctly large cirrus spines, testes that are larger and fill the whole segment measured anterior–posterior and larger eggs.
“According to the Strict Principles of Honor”: Loyalty, Ambition, and Service in the Habsburg Army during the Coalition Wars
Authors: Baird Kurt J. G.
Published: March 2022

This article examines the lived experience of the Habsburg's military institutions in the lead-up to the Austro-Franco war of 1809, a period in which military service was positioned as the most loyal act a dutiful male subject of the emperor Francis I (II) could undertake. It does this by paying particular attention to a shameful and embarrassing public military display and the resulting near-violent dispute between company officers of theJordisinfantry regiment, as recorded and reflected upon by a young junior officer in 1808. This account allows for the examination of the ways in which honor created narrative frameworks and communities that persuaded diverse individuals to place their experiences within the context of the monarchy's war with France.
Sparse point-plane odometry in structured environments
Authors: Lin Tianpei , Pan Feng , Wang Xuanyin
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we propose a sparse point-plane odometry used in structured environments. Compared to a point-based odometry, we add additional planar constraints into the process of optimization, making the results more reliable. A novel grid-based plane detection algorithm is proposed to cluster sparse points in the same planes. Then, the planes are parameterized by inverse normal and take part in the windowed optimization. By reducing the size of Hessian Matrix, the process of optimization converges faster. Compared to the original point-based odometry, the proposed method performs better on both robustness and efficiency in structured environments.
POST-SELECTION INFERENCE IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL PANEL DATA
Authors: Chiang Harold D. , Rodrigue Joel , Sasaki Yuya
Published: March 2022

Three-dimensional panel models are widely used in empirical analysis. Researchers use various combinations of fixed effects for three-dimensional panels while the correct specification is unknown. When one imposes a parsimonious model and the true model is rich in complexity, the fitted model inevitably incurs the consequences of misspecification including potential bias. When a richly specified model is employed and the true model is parsimonious, then the consequences typically include a poor fit with larger standard errors than necessary. It is therefore useful for researchers to have good model selection techniques that assist in determining the “true” model or a satisfactory approximation. In this light, Lu, Miao, and Su (2021, Econometric Reviews 40, 867–898) propose methods of model selection. We advance this literature by proposing a method of post-selection inference for regression parameters. Despite our use of the lasso technique as the means of model selection, our assumptions allow for many and even all fixed effects to be nonzero. This property is important to avoid a degenerate distribution of fixed effects which often reflect economic sizes of countries in gravity analyses of trade. Using an international trade database, we document evidence that our key assumption of approximately sparse fixed effects is plausibly satisfied for gravity analyses of trade. We also establish the uniform size control over alternative data generating processes of fixed effects. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed method is less biased than under-fitting fixed effect estimators, is more efficient than over-fitting fixed effect estimators, and robustly allows for inference that is as accurate as the oracle estimator.
Urban law and the expulsion of authenticity: Preservation of the TWA terminal in the JFK Airport Redevelopment Plan
Authors: Song Jiewon
Published: March 2022

The key issue addressed in this article is authenticity, which is a criterion that is no longer limited to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s world heritage domain. This article draws from one of the most interesting public projects in the United States – the John F. Kennedy (JFK) Terminal 5/6 Redevelopment Plan, which was part of the larger JFK master plan. The project’s Trans World Airlines (TWA) terminal, which is the only landmarked terminal and remnant of the original JFK airport plan, raised concerns. In 2001, the debate started off with keeping the terminal building active for aviation use and experiences. Nonetheless, the terminal was reimagined into a luxury hotel in 2019. This article unveils the micro-politics in the redevelopment plan and examines the authenticity of the TWA terminal and how it was (re)constructed. In doing so, the article sheds light on urban law and the decision-making process. Moreover, it discusses the tangible and intangible consequences of the prevailing speculative logic in the law.
Coproduction and the crafting of cognitive institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rayamajhee Veeshan , Paniagua Pablo
Published: March 2022

In response to Paniagua and Rayamajhee's (2021) proposal for a polycentric approach for pandemic governance, Frolov (2022) notes that their paper focuses on preventive measures, and neglects the deeper, cognitive dimension of coproduction. In this essay, we extend the notion of coproduction to analyze the cognitive institutions that underlie social behavior during a pandemic. We analyze the role of coproduction and polycentricity in the emergence and persistence of shared mental models, including counterproductive models such as virus skepticism, conspiracy theory beliefs, and antivaccine narratives.
Impact of delayed postemergence herbicide application on corn yield based on weed height, days after emergence, accumulated crop heat units, and corn growth stage
Authors: Soltani Nader , Shropshire Christy , Sikkema Peter H.
Published: March 2022

Nine field experiments were conducted from 2017 to 2019 in Ontario to determine the impact of early weed interference on corn yield based on corn growth stage, days after emergence (DAE), accumulated crop heat units (CHU), and weed size. The predicted weed size at herbicide application that resulted in a 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 25%, and 50% yield loss in corn was estimated to be 1, 4, 11, 53, non-estimable (N est.*), and N est.* cm under low weed density and 3, 5, 7, 11, 27, and N est.* cm under high weed density, respectively. The predicted DAE at herbicide application time that resulted in a 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 25%, and 50% yield loss in corn was predicted to be 14, 20, 27, 44, N est.*, and N est.* DAE under low weed density and 5, 7, 11, 17, 25, and 59 DAE under high weed density, respectively. The predicted CHU from planting at herbicide application time that led to a 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 25%, and 50% yield loss in corn was 468, 636, 821, 1,271, N est.*, and N est.* CHU from planting under low weed density and 207, 283, 385, 551, 972, and 1,748 CHU from planting under high weed density, respectively. The predicted crop stage at herbicide application that led to a 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 25%, and 50% yield loss in corn was V5, V6, V7, V11, N est.*, and N est.* under low weed density and V1, V2, V3, V4, V8, and V14 under high weed density, respectively. Results indicate that weeds must be controlled before they reach 7 cm in height, prior to 11 d after crop emergence, prior to 385 accumulated CHU from emergence, or prior to the V3 stage under high weed density to avoid greater than 5% yield loss.
Enhancement of tolpyralate efficacy with adjuvants
Authors: Fluttert John C. , Soltani Nader , Galla Mariano , Hooker David C. , Robinson Darren E. , Sikkema Peter H.
Published: March 2022

Tolpyralate is a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase–inhibiting herbicide that is applied postemergence for control of annual broadleaf and grass weeds in corn. Current Canadian label recommendations for tolpyralate specify the addition of a methylated seed oil (MSO) adjuvant (MSO Concentrate®) for improved weed control. The efficacy of tolpyralate applied with other proprietary adjuvants has not been widely reported in the peer-reviewed literature. Therefore, four field trials were conducted in corn over 2020 and 2021 in Ontario, Canada, to evaluate MSO Concentrate®, Agral® 90 (nonionic surfactant), Assist® Oil Concentrate (blended surfactant), Carrier® (blended surfactant), LI 700® (nonionic surfactant), and Merge® (blended surfactant) as adjuvants with tolpyralate for the control of annual broadleaf and grass weeds. At 8 wk after application (WAA), tolpyralate applied with MSO Concentrate®, Agral® 90, Assist® Oil Concentrate, Carrier®, or Merge® controlled velvetleaf, wild mustard, barnyardgrass, and foxtail species similarly. These adjuvants also enhanced the efficacy of tolpyralate similarly for the control of common ragweed at 8 WAA with the exception that Agral® 90 was inferior to Merge®. At 8 WAA, tolpyralate controlled common lambsquarters the greatest when applied with MSO Concentrate®, Agral® 90, Carrier®, or Merge®; these adjuvants with the exception of Agral® 90 were superior to Assist® Oil Concentrate. At 8 WAA, tolpyralate applied with LI 700® controlled common ragweed, barnyardgrass, and foxtail species less than when tolpyralate was applied with the other adjuvants tested; control of these weed species with tolpyralate was not improved with LI 700® when compared to tolpyralate applied without an adjuvant. Overall, tolpyralate applied with either MSO Concentrate®, Carrier®, or Merge® controlled all annual broadleaf and grass weed species similarly or greater than tolpyralate applied without an adjuvant or tolpyralate with Agral® 90, Assist® Oil Concentrate, or LI 700® at 8 WAA.
Methodology for Evaluating the North Atlantic Igneous Province Reveals Multiple Hotspots at Breakup
Authors: Rohrman Max
Published: March 2022

The North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP) has been the focus of numerous studies. However, a systematic integrated methodology to assess the NAIP, has so far been lacking. For this purpose, a synclinal oceanic rift approach is developed from the stratigraphic record. Mechanisms are addressed combining trace element and seismic velocity data as a proxy for excess mantle potential temperature (ΔTp), using simple mantle melting models. Unconformities play a major role in this assessment, providing evidence for a drop in ΔTp to ambient levels (≤50°C). Three phases can be delineated in the stratigraphic record: a (a) Pre‐; (b) Syn‐; and (c) Post‐breakup phase. The Syn‐breakup phase is bound at the base by the Breakup Unconformity and at the top by the Magmatic Unconformity. At breakup, magmatic crustal thickness (H) can be estimated from addition of basalt‐ and Lower Igneous Crust isopachs. These seismic estimations can be further constrained by observations on volcanic transport directions. This allows differentiation between hotspots and Volcanic Passive Margins (VPMs), where hotspots are characterized by continuous ΔTp amplitude variations, whereas VPMs only display declining or absent fluctuations post breakup. On Iceland and the Greenland‐Iceland‐Faroe Ridge, H is primary controlled by ΔTp fluctuations promoting ridge jumps and second, associated fluctuating active upwelling ratio (χ ∼ 2–4). Results suggest that there were at least three hotspots active at breakup. The West Greenland and proto‐Jan Mayen hotspots lost importance in the Oligocene, while Iceland remained and is currently the main hotspot in the North Atlantic.
Long‐Term Lithospheric Strength and Upper‐Plate Seismicity in the Southern Central Andes, 29°–39°S
Authors: Rodriguez Piceda C. , Scheck‐Wenderoth M. , Cacace M. , Bott J. , Strecker M. R.
Published: March 2022

We examined the relationship between the mechanical strength of the lithosphere and the distribution of seismicity within the overriding continental plate of the southern Central Andes (SCA, 29°–39°S), where the oceanic Nazca Plate changes its subduction angle between 33°S and 35°S, from subhorizontal in the north (<5°) to steep in the south (∼30°). We computed the long‐term lithospheric strength based on an existing 3D model describing variations in thickness, density, and temperature of the main geological units forming the lithosphere of the SCA and adjacent forearc and foreland regions. The comparison between our results and seismicity within the overriding plate (upper‐plate seismicity) shows that most of the events occur within the modeled brittle domain of the lithosphere. The depth where the deformation mode switches from brittle frictional to thermally activated ductile creep provides a conservative lower bound to the seismogenic zone in the overriding plate of the study area. We also found that the majority of upper‐plate earthquakes occurs within the realm of first‐order contrasts in integrated strength (12.7–13.3 log Pam in the Andean orogen vs. 13.5–13.9 log Pam in the forearc and the foreland). Specific conditions characterize the mechanically strong northern foreland of the Andes, where seismicity is likely explained by the effects of slab steepening.
A Multiscale Deep Learning Model for Soil Moisture Integrating Satellite and In Situ Data
Authors: Liu Jiangtao , Rahmani Farshid , Lawson Kathryn , Shen Chaopeng
Published: March 2022

Deep learning (DL) models trained on hydrologic observations can perform extraordinarily well, but they can inherit deficiencies of the training data, such as limited coverage of in situ data or low resolution/accuracy of satellite data. Here we propose a novel multiscale DL scheme learning simultaneously from satellite and in situ data to predict 9 km daily soil moisture (5 cm depth). Based on spatial cross‐validation over sites in the conterminous United States, the multiscale scheme obtained a median correlation of 0.901 and root‐mean‐square error of 0.034 m3/m3. It outperformed the Soil Moisture Active Passive satellite mission's 9 km product, DL models trained on in situ data alone, and land surface models. Our 9 km product showed better accuracy than previous 1 km satellite downscaling products, highlighting limited impacts of improving resolution. Not only is our product useful for planning against floods, droughts, and pests, our scheme is generically applicable to geoscientific domains with data on multiple scales, breaking the confines of individual data sets.
Closing the Winter Gap—Year‐Round Measurements of Soil CO2 Emission Sources in Arctic Tundra
Authors: Pedron Shawn A. , Welker J. M. , Euskirchen E. S. , Klein E. S. , Walker J. C. , Xu X. , Czimczik C. I.
Published: March 2022

Non‐growing season CO2 emissions from Arctic tundra remain a major uncertainty in forecasting climate change consequences of permafrost thaw. We present the first time series of soil and microbial CO2 emissions from a graminoid tundra based on year‐round in situ measurements of the radiocarbon content of soil CO2 (Δ14CO2) and of bulk soil C (Δ14C), microbial activity, and temperature. Combining these data with land‐atmosphere CO2 exchange allows estimates of the proportion and mean age of microbial CO2 emissions year‐round. We observe a seasonal shift in emission sources from fresh carbon during the growing season (August Δ14CO2 = 74 ± 4.7‰, 37% ± 3.4% microbial, mean ± se) to increasingly older soil carbon in fall and winter (March Δ14CO2 = 22 ± 1.3‰, 47% ± 8% microbial). Thus, rising soil temperatures and emissions during fall and winter are depleting aged soil carbon pools in the active layer and thawing permafrost and further accelerating climate change.
Bottom Drag Coefficient on a Shallow Barrier Reef
Authors: Sous Damien , Maticka Samantha , Meulé Samuel , Bouchette Frédéric
Published: March 2022

The present paper reports of a field experiment over a shallow, roughness‐varying barrier reef at Maupiti island, French Polynesia. The depth‐averaged momentum balance is used to estimate the bottom drag coefficient Cd, which varies from 0.01 to 0.3, with dependence on both depth and reef structure. The depth effect on Cd is well predicted by a log dependency, as used in previous laboratory and fields observations. The present results extend the approach to a system with more wave exposure and higher roughness‐to‐depth ratio. Additionally, the statistical relationship between high‐resolution reef topography and hydrodynamical parameters is discussed.
Hazards Scientist David Applegate Nominated for USGS Director
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: March 2022

If confirmed, Applegate would fill a yearlong vacancy at the head of the agency.
An Observational Investigation of Spatiotemporally Contiguous Heatwaves in China From a 3D Perspective
Authors: Luo Ming , Lau Ngar‐Cheung , Liu Zhen , Wu Sijia , Wang Xiaoyu
Published: March 2022

Understanding the evolution of heatwaves is important for their prediction, mitigation, and adaptation. While most studies focused on either their temporal variability at individual station (or grid point) or the spatial variation over fixed durations, their daily joint evolution over space and time remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigate multi‐dimensional characteristics of spatiotemporally contiguous heatwaves across China during 1961–2018 using observational data from a 3D perspective (i.e., latitude × longitude × time). Results obtained by the 3D identification show that large contiguous heatwaves in China exhibit distinct characteristics in different geographical locations and time periods. Heatwaves in northern areas prefer to move from west to east at a faster speed, persist longer, and have greater extent and intensity than southern heatwaves, which are generally originated from the east and move westward. It is also found that contiguous heatwaves are growing in frequency, magnitude, areal extent, duration, and traveling distance across China.
Vegetation Physiological Response to Increasing Atmospheric CO2 Slows the Decreases in the Seasonal Amplitude of Temperature
Authors: He Mingzhu , Lian Xu , Cui Jiangpeng , Xu Hao , Piao Shilong
Published: March 2022

The seasonal amplitude of temperature (SAT) decreases due to non‐uniform seasonal warming, which exerts critical impacts on ecosystem functions and services. Previous studies attributed the SAT decrease to changed seasonal budget of atmospheric radiative forcing (RAD), however, potential impacts of vegetation physiological response to CO2 (PHY) on SAT are largely underexplored. Here, we examine the role of PHY in modulating SAT using Earth system model simulations. Globally, PHY continuously increases SAT, offsetting about 55% of the RAD‐driven SAT reductions under quadrupled CO2. The PHY‐induced SAT enhancement is particularly pronounced in the northern mid‐to‐high latitudes. Such enhancement is driven directly by stomatal closure‐induced evapotranspiration reduction that amplifies warming, and indirectly by suppressing cloud formation that increases downward shortwave radiation. Our results highlight the critical role of vegetation in mediating temperature seasonality and the necessity for a full understanding of PHY feedback when evaluating the benefits of terrestrial ecosystems in mitigating climate change.
Observed Winds Crucial for September Arctic Sea Ice Loss
Authors: Roach L. A. , Blanchard‐Wrigglesworth E.
Published: March 2022

Arctic sea ice has declined strikingly over the past 40 years under climate change. The physical processes driving these changes and the relative roles of external forcing versus natural variability remain under debate, partly due to lack of confidence in the simulation of Arctic sea ice by coupled climate models. Here, we nudge a widely‐used CMIP5‐class model (CESM1) toward observed winds above the boundary layer. These simulations reproduce observed Arctic trend patterns and Arctic‐average interannual fluctuations in near‐surface temperature. We find that atmospheric circulation plays a crucial role in September Arctic sea ice loss and sea ice interannual variability. Trends in the observed atmospheric circulation that are not part of the modeled forced response cause approximately 20%–25% of the modeled September sea ice decline, which is in close agreement with the observed trend. However, our simulations do not capture sea ice loss in other seasons, pointing to important model biases in winter and spring.
Influence of Ozone Forcing on 21st Century Southern Hemisphere Surface Westerlies in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Revell L. E. , Robertson F. , Douglas H. , Morgenstern O. , Frame D.
Published: March 2022

The tropospheric westerly jet is a key feature of Southern Hemisphere climate. In recent decades the jet strengthened in austral summer (December–February [DJF]) and moved poleward owing to the Antarctic ozone hole. Future jet trends will be influenced by recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole and greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing. Here, we examine 21st century projections of ozone, temperature and winds in the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project models with (CHEM) and without (NOCHEM) interactive chemistry. NOCHEM models use an ozone data set that was produced with GHG forcings inconsistent with those used by CHEM models, leading to less ozone recovery in the Antarctic springtime lower stratosphere. This propagates to different stratospheric temperature projections and DJF westerly winds: NOCHEM models project a 78 ± 52% stronger increase in DJF westerly wind speeds than CHEM models under the high GHG emissions scenario SSP585. Our results show the importance of simulating stratospheric ozone accurately for Southern Hemisphere climate change projections.
RAD51 is essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice
Authors: Qin Junchao , Huang Tao , Wang Jing , Xu Limei , Dang Qianli , Xu Xiuhua , Liu Hongbin , Liu Zhaojian , Shao Changshun , Zhang Xiyu
Published: March 2022

The recombinase RAD51 catalyzes the DNA strand exchange reaction in homologous recombination (HR) during both mitosis and meiosis. However, the physiological role of RAD51 during spermatogenesis remains unclear since RAD51 null mutation is embryonic lethal in mice. In this study, we generated a conditional knockout mouse model to study the role of RAD51 in spermatogenesis. Conditional disruption of RAD51 in germ cells by Vasa-Cre led to spermatogonial loss and Sertoli cell-only syndrome. Furthermore, tamoxifen-inducible RAD51 knockout by UBC-CreERT2 confirmed that RAD51 deletion led to early spermatogenic cells loss and apoptosis. Notably, inducible knockout of RAD51 in adult mice caused defects in meiosis, with accumulated meiotic double-strand breaks (DSBs), reduced numbers of pachytene spermatocytes and less crossover formation. Our study revealed an essential role for Rad51 in the maintenance of spermatogonia as well as meiotic progression in mice.
Facing the pandemic and lockdown: an insight on mental health from a longitudinal study using diaries
Authors: Mengin Amaury C. , Allé Melissa C. , Koning Estelle , Pham Bichthuy , Park Sohee , Berna Fabrice , Giersch Anne
Published: March 2022

We conducted a longitudinal online study to examine attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) over time in a sample of locked-down individuals. We used (i) questionnaires and (ii) the automatic analysis of the emotional content of narratives. Participants (N = 162) were recruited to complete an online survey 4 times between March and June 2020 (T1, T2, T3, T4). T1 completion coincided with the beginning of the lockdown, and T4 with the pandemic trough. Depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed with the DASS-42 and APS with the PQ-16. Psychosocial data such as the feeling of loneliness and social network size were also collected. The participants wrote daily narratives during the lockdown period. Anxiety and APS were the highest at T1 and decreased over time. APS and APS-associated distress were correlated with the DASS-42 at all times. APS arose acutely at the beginning of the pandemic, despite participants being socio-economically advantaged, and were related with negative emotions.
Pseudouridine-modified tRNA fragments repress aberrant protein synthesis and predict leukaemic progression in myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Guzzi Nicola , Muthukumar Sowndarya , Cieśla Maciej , Todisco Gabriele , Ngoc Phuong Cao Thi , Madej Magdalena , Munita Roberto , Fazio Serena , Ekström Simon , Mortera-Blanco Teresa , Jansson Monika , Nannya Yasuhito , Cazzola Mario , Ogawa Seishi , Malcovati Luca , Hellström-Lindberg Eva , Dimitriou Marios , Bellodi Cristian
Published: March 2022

Transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are emerging small noncoding RNAs that, although commonly altered in cancer, have poorly defined roles in tumorigenesis1. Here we show that pseudouridylation (Ψ) of a stem cell-enriched tRF subtype2, mini tRFs containing a 5′ terminal oligoguanine (mTOG), selectively inhibits aberrant protein synthesis programmes, thereby promoting engraftment and differentiation of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Building on evidence that mTOG-Ψ targets polyadenylate-binding protein cytoplasmic 1 (PABPC1), we employed isotope exchange proteomics to reveal critical interactions between mTOG and functional RNA-recognition motif (RRM) domains of PABPC1. Mechanistically, this hinders the recruitment of translational co-activator PABPC1-interacting protein 1 (PAIP1)3 and strongly represses the translation of transcripts sharing pyrimidine-enriched sequences (PES) at the 5′ untranslated region (UTR), including 5′ terminal oligopyrimidine tracts (TOP) that encode protein machinery components and are frequently altered in cancer4. Significantly, mTOG dysregulation leads to aberrantly increased translation of 5′ PES messenger RNA (mRNA) in malignant MDS-HSPCs and is clinically associated with leukaemic transformation and reduced patient survival. These findings define a critical role for tRFs and Ψ in difficult-to-treat subsets of MDS characterized by high risk of progression to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML).
Tumour irradiation in mice with a laser-accelerated proton beam
Authors: Kroll Florian , Brack Florian-Emanuel , Bernert Constantin , Bock Stefan , Bodenstein Elisabeth , Brüchner Kerstin , Cowan Thomas E. , Gaus Lennart , Gebhardt René , Helbig Uwe , Karsch Leonhard , Kluge Thomas , Kraft Stephan , Krause Mechthild , Lessmann Elisabeth , Masood Umar , Meister Sebastian , Metzkes-Ng Josefine , Nossula Alexej , Pawelke Jörg , Pietzsch Jens , Püschel Thomas , Reimold Marvin , Rehwald Martin , Richter Christian , Schlenvoigt Hans-Peter , Schramm Ulrich , Umlandt Marvin E. P. , Ziegler Tim , Zeil Karl , Beyreuther Elke
Published: March 2022

Recent oncological studies identified beneficial properties of radiation applied at ultrahigh dose rates, several orders of magnitude higher than the clinical standard of the order of Gy min–1. Sources capable of providing these ultrahigh dose rates are under investigation. Here we show that a stable, compact laser-driven proton source with energies greater than 60 MeV enables radiobiological in vivo studies. We performed a pilot irradiation study on human tumours in a mouse model, showing the concerted preparation of mice and laser accelerator, dose-controlled, tumour-conform irradiation using a laser-driven as well as a clinical reference proton source, and the radiobiological evaluation of irradiated and unirradiated mice for radiation-induced tumour growth delay. The prescribed homogeneous dose of 4 Gy was precisely delivered at the laser-driven source. The results demonstrate a complete laser-driven proton research platform for diverse user-specific small animal models, able to deliver tunable single-shot doses up to around 20 Gy to millimetre-scale volumes on nanosecond timescales, equivalent to around 109 Gy s–1, spatially homogenized and tailored to the sample. The platform provides a unique infrastructure for translational research with protons at ultrahigh dose rates.
Mitogenome of a stink worm (Annelida: Travisiidae) includes degenerate group II intron that is also found in five congeneric species
Authors: Kobayashi Genki , Itoh Hajime , Kojima Shigeaki
Published: March 2022

Mitogenomes are useful for inferring phylogenetic relationships between organisms. Although the mitogenomes of Annelida, one of the most morphologically and ecologically diverse metazoan groups have been well sequenced, those of several families remain unexamined. This study determined the first mitogenome from the family Travisiidae (Travisia sanrikuensis), analyzed its mitogenomic features, and reconstructed a phylogeny of Sedentaria. The monophyly of the Terebellida + Arenicolida + Travisiidae clade is supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis. The placement of Travisiidae is unclear because of the lack of mitogenomes from closely related lineages. An unexpected intron appeared within thecox1gene ofT. sanrikuensisand in the same positions of five undescribedTravisiaspp. Although the introns are shorter (790–1386 bp) than other group II introns, they can be considered degenerate group II introns due to type II intron maturase open reading frames, found in two of the examined species, and motifs characteristic of group II introns. This is likely the first known case in metazoans where mitochondrial group II introns obtained by a common ancestor are conserved in several descendants. Insufficient evolutionary time for intron loss in Travisiidae, or undetermined mechanisms may have helped maintain the degenerate introns.
A modeling approach for estimating hydrogen sulfide solubility in fifteen different imidazole-based ionic liquids
Authors: Abdi Jafar , Hadipoor Masoud , Esmaeili-Faraj Seyyed Hamid , Vaferi Behzad
Published: March 2022

Absorption has always been an attractive process for removing hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Posing unique properties and promising removal capacity, ionic liquids (ILs) are potential media for H2S capture. Engineering design of such absorption process needs accurate measurements or reliable estimation of the H2S solubility in ILs. Since experimental measurements are time-consuming and expensive, this study utilizes machine learning methods to monitor H2S solubility in fifteen various ILs accurately. Six robust machine learning methods, including adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM), radial basis function, cascade, multilayer perceptron, and generalized regression neural networks, are implemented/compared. A vast experimental databank comprising 792 datasets was utilized. Temperature, pressure, acentric factor, critical pressure, and critical temperature of investigated ILs are the affecting parameters of our models. Sensitivity and statistical error analysis were utilized to assess the performance and accuracy of the proposed models. The calculated solubility data and the derived models were validated using seven statistical criteria. The obtained results showed that the LS-SVM accurately predicts H2S solubility in ILs and possesses R2, RMSE, MSE, RRSE, RAE, MAE, and AARD of 0.99798, 0.01079, 0.00012, 6.35%, 4.35%, 0.0060, and 4.03, respectively. It was found that the H2S solubility adversely relates to the temperature and directly depends on the pressure. Furthermore, the combination of OMIM+ and Tf2N-, i.e., [OMIM][Tf2N] ionic liquid, is the best choice for H2S capture among the investigated absorbents. The H2S solubility in this ionic liquid can reach more than 0.8 in terms of mole fraction.
Freeze–thaw cycle frequency affects root growth of alpine meadow through changing soil moisture and nutrients
Authors: Man Zihao , Xie Changkun , Jiang Ruiyuan , Che Shengquan
Published: March 2022

Alpine meadows grow in alpine regions and play an important role in the production and life of alpine regions. As a unique feature of alpine regions, freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs) affect the growth of alpine meadows. However, with climate change, the change in the freeze–thaw cycle frequency (FTCF) has become obvious. These changes affect the content and distribution of soil moisture and nutrients, as well as the growth of roots in the alpine meadow. Therefore, based on the analysis of FTCF in the Nagqu River Basin, the characteristics of soil moisture, nutrients, and alpine meadow roots are analyzed, thus revealing the influence mechanism of FTCF on the root growth of alpine meadows. The results highlight three major findings. (1) Compared with the low-frequency mode (LFM), the moisture at 0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm in the high-frequency mode (HFM) has decreased by 30.74%, 52.89%, and 47.52%, respectively. Additionally, in HFM the contents of soil hydrolysable nitrogen (HN), available K (AK), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) at the same depth are lower than those in LFM. (2) The original distribution of soil moisture at 0–60 cm has gradually increased from the surface to the bottom. However, with the increase in FTCF, the distribution of the soil moisture now means that the soil moisture at the surface (0–20 cm) and the deeper layers (40–60 cm) is higher than that in the middle (20–40 cm). (3) With the increase in FTCF, the growth mode of alpine meadow roots has changed from vertical extension to horizontal divergence; the distribution range of roots has changed from 0–40 cm to 0–20 cm; the length, surface area, and volume of 0–0.5 mm roots have increased by 20.95 cm, 1.90 cm2, and 0.014 cm3; and the corresponding specific gravity has increased by 9.09%, 13.50%, and 12.14%, respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis for predicting the growth mode of alpine meadow roots in the Nagqu River Basin under the influence of climate change and provides guidance for protecting the ecology of alpine regions and mitigating and solving global climate change.
A gel fluorescence sensor based on CDs@SiO2/FeS2@MIPs for the visual detection of p-chlorophenol
Authors: Deng Di , Fang Xiaoyu , Duan Ding , Li Kang
Published: March 2022

The preparation of a CDs@SiO2/FeS2@MIPs visual gel fluorescence sensor.
Significance of density functional theory (DFT) calculations for electrocatalysis of N2and CO2reduction reactions
Authors: Yang Yingke , Wang Jiawen , Shu Yunpeng , Ji Yujin , Dong Huilong , Li Youyong
Published: March 2022

Density functional theory calculations have shown great significance in improving the catalytic performance and design of CO2RR and NRR electrocatalysts in recent years.
Contrasting ground- and excited-state intramolecular aggregation in choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents versus a liquid polymer
Authors: Juneja Shreya , Himanshu  , Pandey Siddharth
Published: March 2022

Manifestation of conformational ground-state heterogeneity as a result of partial aggregation in the ground-state within choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as opposed to classical excimer formation within the liquid polymer PDMS2000.
High-efficiency hydrocracking of phenanthrene into BTX aromatics over a Ni-modified lamellar-crystal HY zeolite
Authors: Fang Ting , Xie Yangli , Li Lirong , He Yao , Yang Xu , Zhang Linjie , Jia Wenzhi , Huang Hengbo , Li Junhui , Zhu Zhirong
Published: March 2022

A new Ni–HY zeolite with lamellar-crystals was prepared as a catalyst for phenanthrene hydrocracking.
Quantitative analysis of mercury in liquid samples using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with shear thickening fluid
Authors: Wang Yuanhang , Bu Yang , Cai Yachao , Wang Xiangzhao
Published: March 2022

In this work, a new method that combines shear thickening fluid with LIBS (STF-LIBS) was first proposed to improve the analytical capability of Hg in liquids.
A room temperature NH3 gas sensor based on a quartz crystal microbalance coated with a rGO–SnO2 composite film
Authors: Su Pi-Guey , Zheng Yu-Xuan
Published: March 2022

A room-temperature QCM NH3 gas sensor based on a rGO–SnO2 composite film had the greatest sensitivity at low concentration of NH3 gas, best linearity, lowest DL and reversibility. The sensitivity enhancement of the rGO-SnO2 composite film was related to its large association constant K.
Photochromic dithienylethene-containing four-coordinate boron(iii) compounds with a spirocyclic scaffold
Authors: Fung Tony Ho-Ching , Wong Cheok-Lam , Tang Wai-Kit , Leung Ming-Yi , Low Kam-Hung , Yam Vivian Wing-Wah
Published: March 2022

A series of photochromic four-coordinate spirocyclic boron(iii) compounds that display thermally activated upconversion processes from the lower-lying unreactive excited state to the higher-lying photoreactive excited state is reported.
Fluorene analogues of xanthenes – low molecular weight near-infrared dyes
Authors: Grzybowski Marek , Morawski Olaf , Nowak Krzysztof , Garbacz Paula
Published: March 2022

Lighter analogues of xanthene dyes show near-infrared absorption and emission, strongly redshifted due to the antiaromatic character of the fluorene scaffold.
Visible light-driven CO2 reduction with a Ru polypyridyl complex bearing an N-heterocyclic carbene moiety
Authors: Watanabe Taito , Saga Yutaka , Kosugi Kento , Iwami Hikaru , Kondo Mio , Masaoka Shigeyuki
Published: March 2022

A novel Ru polypyridyl complex with an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand was successfully synthesised and characterised.
From trihydroborates to bisborylenes: a route to dinuclear bisborylene complexes
Authors: Wei Yongliang , Wang Tongdao
Published: March 2022

A new route to construct dinuclear bisborylenes via unprecedented triple B–H oxidative addition of trihydroborates is described.
Synthesis, mechanism and characterization of urchin-like Ga2O3 microspheres
Authors: Zhang Jie , Mu Wenxiang , Bo Fu , He Gaohang , Ding Sunan , Li Yang , Jia Zhitai
Published: March 2022

A simple sonication–heat treatment method to prepare novel urchin-like β-Ga2O3 microspheres with uniformly distributed nanowires is reported. Its unique morphology is expected to have potential in optoelectronic devices and other fields.
Ultrahigh mechanical flexibility induced superior piezoelectricity of InSeBr-type 2D Janus materials
Authors: Shi Xiaobo , Jiang Shujuan , Han Xianwei , Wei Min , Wang Bing , Zhao Gaofeng , Zheng Guang-Ping , Yin Huabing
Published: March 2022

The amazing flexibility of the InSeBr 2D Janus monolayer can give rise to an ultrahigh piezoelectric strain coefficient, which is larger than those of reported 2D materials and even superior to those of conventional perovskite bulk materials.
Atomic/molecular layer deposition of cerium(iii) hybrid thin films using rigid organic precursors
Authors: Kaur Parmish , Muriqi Arbresha , Wree Jan-Lucas , Ghiyasi Ramin , Safdar Muhammad , Nolan Michael , Karppinen Maarit , Devi Anjana
Published: March 2022

New ALD/MLD processes for Ce-based hybrid thin films using compatible inorganic and organic precursors with findings supported by DFT studies.
Midstream on a chip: ensuring safe carbon dioxide transportation for carbon capture and storage
Authors: Wells Jonathan D. , Creek Jefferson L. , Koh Carolyn A.
Published: March 2022

From micron channels to full size plant.
Cyclopenta-fused polyaromatic hydrocarbons: synthesis and characterisation of a stable, carbon-centred helical radical
Authors: Herzog Stefan , Hinz Alexander , Breher Frank , Podlech Joachim
Published: March 2022

An air- and moisture-stable helical radical with seven six- and five-membered rings arranged alternately was synthesized by cyclizations in a suitablyortho,ortho′-substituted terphenyl and re-establishment of its conjugation.
Mechanism and origins of enantioselectivity of cobalt-catalyzed intermolecular hydroacylation/cyclization of 1,6-enynes with aldehydes
Authors: Ge Jiaao , Wu Hongli , Kong Deping , Huang Genping
Published: March 2022

Cobalt-catalyzed intermolecular hydroacylation/cyclization of 1,6-enynes with aldehydes was investigated by means of DFT calculations. The detailed reaction mechanism and the origins of enantioselectivity were elucidated.
Interaction of a defect with the reference curvature of an elastic surface
Authors: Singh Manish , Pandey Animesh , Gupta Anurag
Published: March 2022

Bifurcation diagrams are presented for several combinations of isolated defects (disclination/dislocation) in a thin elastic surface. The interaction between the defect and the curvature of the reference surface is emphasized.