bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Categories of Possibility, Limiting Conditions and the Qualitative Development Stages of Matter in the Thought of Friedrich Engels
Authors: Fuchs-Kittowski Klaus
Published: November 2020

The contradictory character of matter is the starting point of Friedrich Engels’s dialectical principles. Matter can move itself, thus producing ever new possibilities of development and gradually leading to the formation of quali­tatively higher forms of movement of matter. In this dialectical conception of development, the explanation of qualitative change is fundamental. Starting from the understanding that the inner contradic­tion is the source of development and its potential, the transition to a new quality is verifiable.  Prob­abilistic laws are the expression of the unity of necessity and chance in the real possibility. Limiting conditions, like specific structures, informational coupling and whole-part relationships and selection processes, restrict the field of possibilities opened by physical laws. This restriction of possibilities on the lower level opens up new possibilities of development on the higher level, where the transition to a new quality is realised. Materialist and dialectical thinking is the important basis of a theory of biology that is neither physicalist nor vitalist, of a theory of computer science that is neither physicalist nor dualist. Mechanistic thinking – reductionism, the denial of the specific qualities of the different forms of movement of matter – leads to philosophies that reduce the human being to an animal or computer and is both dangerous and inhuman. Computer science needs to engage with the history and application of materialistic and dialectical thinking. It needs to grasp the dialectical unity of similarity and difference between automa­ton and human in the concrete process of digitalisation and automation. It must overcome the widespread, increasing interest in reducing the human being to an automaton, in order to maintain the unique quality of the human being. It must protect and enhance the special qualities and abilities of human beings. The danger of anti-dialectical thinking, of modern forms of reductionism and the possibility, indeed necessity, of creating a better society, free from profit, greed and war is discussed in this paper in the context of Engels’s 200th birthday.
Engels@200: Friedrich Engels and Digital Capitalism. How Relevant Are Engels’s Works 200 Years After His Birth?
Authors: Fuchs Christian
Published: November 2020

This paper takes Friedrich Engels 200th birthday on 28 November 2020 as occasion to ask: How relevant are Friedrich Engels’s works in the age of digital capitalism? It shows that Engels class-struggle oriented theory can and should inform 21st century social science and digital social research.

Based on a reading of Engels’s works, the article discusses how to think of scientific socialism as critical social science today, presents a critique of computational social science as digital positivism, engages with foundations of digital labour analysis, the analysis of the international division of digital labour, updates Engels’s Condition of the Working Class in England in the age of digital capitalism, analyses the role of trade unions and digital class struggles in digital age, analyses the social murder of workers in the COVID-19 crisis, engages with platform co-operatives, digital commons projects and public service Internet platforms are concrete digital utopias that point beyond digital capital(ism). Engels’s analysis is updated for critically analysing the digital conditions of the working class today, including the digital labour of hardware assemblers at Foxconn and Pegatron, the digital labour aristocracy of software engineers at Google, online freelance workers, platform workers at capitalist platform corporations such as Uber, Deliveroo, Fiverr, Upwork, or Freelancer, and the digital labour of Facebook users. Engels’s 200th birthday reminds us of the class character of digital capitalism and that we need critical digital social science as a new form of scientific socialism.
Bacteria mitigating herbicidal stress in plants.
Authors: Khudaygulov G.G. , Chetverikov S.P.
Published: November 2020

Bacteria resistant to herbicide solutions were isolated and identified as Pseudomonas. The strains are capable of synthesizing auxins, fixing atmospheric nitrogen and solubilizing phosphates, and can be recommended for creating biological plant protection products with the properties of biofungicide and biofertilizer, and use as bacterial antistressants to mitigate herbicide stress.
Endophytic bacteria Bacillus subtilis 26D reduce the damage to potato plants by late blight, stimulating the transcriptional activity of jasmonate-dependent genes
Authors: Sorokan A.V. , Burkhanova G.F. , Maksimov I.V.
Published: November 2020

Bacillus subtilis 26D stimulated transcriptional activity of jasmonic acid biosynthesis genes and jasmonate-dependent protective genes, including anionic peroxidase involved in lignification, which increased their resistance to late blight pathogen.
SPECIFICITY OF THE STATE OF PUBLIC EDUCATION IN WEST KAZAKHSTAN REGION IN THE PRE-REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD
Authors: Babenko O.
Published: November 2020

The article presents archival materials that reveal the essence of the formation and development of public education in the West Kakhakhstan region in the pre-revolutionary period, reveals the historical and educational processes of its formation. When studying archival materials, the author comes to the conclusion that the social composition of students justified the class character of the public education system, namely: the children of officials, clergy, merchants, rural and urban bourgeoisie, rich Cossacks, nobles in General made up a fairly large stratum in secondary schools.
PHYLOGENETIC ASSESSMENT OF TREE SPECIES OF ACONITUM L. FROM KAZAKHSTAN BY USING ITS AND MATK MARKERS
Authors: Almerekova Sh. , Ivaschenko A. , Kaparbay R. , Myrzagalieva A. , Turuspekov Ye.
Published: November 2020

The Aconitum L. is a diverse genus consisting of more than 300 species all over the World, including 11 species grown in Kazakhstan. The phylogeny of the genus was mostly studied by using internal transcribed sequences (ITS) of the nuclear genome and maturase K (matK) of the chloroplast genome. Therefore, in this study it was decided to assess the phylogenetic position of three local species A. leucostomum, A. soongoricum and A. apetalum, by using ITS and matK. The application of Maximum-Likelihood (ML) method suggested that the A. soongoricum belong to subgenus Aconitum, and A. leucostomum and A. apetalum to the subgenus Lycoctonum, which was congruent to previous taxanomic studies for this genus. The Median-Joining network using ITS suggested that A. sachalinense belongs to the group of processors of the genus among species that were involved in the analysis. The study is the first attempt to understand phylogenetic relationship of three species of Aconitum grown in Kazakhstan.
EFFECT OF SALICYLIC ACID ON RESPIRATORY ACTIVITY AND REACTIVE OXIGEN SPECIES GENERATION IN PLANT MITOCHONDRIA
Authors: Butsanets P. , Baik A. , Shugaeva N. , Shugaev A.
Published: November 2020

The aim of this work was to study the effect of a stress phytohormone, salicylic acid (SA), on respiration and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria isolated from the cotyledons of lupine seedlings (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and stored taproots of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Mitochondria were isolated by differential centrifugation, respiration of organelles was measured polarographically using a Clark-type oxygen electrode, and the formation of ROS (hydrogen peroxide) in mitochondria was determined using a fluorogenic dye 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA). The results obtained showed that SA is capable of exerting a direct regulatory effect on the main parameters of the oxidative phosphorylation process (the rate of substrate oxidation, the value of respiratory control and the ADP/O coefficient), as well as on the formation of ROS. It was shown for the first time that the character of the SA action on mitochondrial metabolism depends not only on the phytohormone concentration, but also on the functional state of the organelles, which is determined by the specificity of the metabolism of tissues and organs from which they were isolated.
Gestión del conocimiento y gerencia de proyectos en la investigación universitaria: Caso de estudio en el departamento tecnología de servicios de la Universidad Simón Bolívar de Venezuela
Authors:   Universidad Simón Bolívar, Venezuela, Gómez Suárez María Daniela
Published: November 2020

With the projects realized in any organization and the processes to carry them out, that consider the management of the integration, scope, time, cost, quality, human resources, communications, risk, procurement and stakeholder, it is possible to generate new organizational knowledge and take advantage of that already exists. In the particular case of universities, where different kinds of projects are constantly realized, with results that extend beyond these institutions in a way that impacts society in general, using appropriate tools and methodologies for project management is essential as it contributes to maintaining the necessary scientific rigor, even more so when the linked processes can be considered as fundamental factors for knowledge management in the dimensions of: people, processes, content and information and communication technologies. Thus and so, a descriptive research was realized with a non-experimental design, that had as general objective to determine the knowledge management carried out by the professors of the Technology of Services Department of the Simon Bolivar University Litoral Campus, of the State of La Guaira in Venezuela, for which the processes and areas of knowledge were considered for the management of the research projects done it, and it was diagnosed through a self-evaluation how professors managed their projects to then relate the information obtained to the factors that promote knowledge management.KeywordsKnowledge management, project management, processes, knowledge areas, university projects.
CARACTERÍSTICAS CLÍNICAS Y EPIDEMIOLÓGICAS DE LOS PACIENTES HOSPITALIZADOS POR INFLUENZA A (H1N1) EN TUXTLA GUTIÉRREZ; CHIAPAS, MÉXICO
Authors:   Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, México, Sánchez Lozano José Antonio , Durán García Rosa Margarita , Rivas Bocanegr María Georgina , Gutiérrez Zaval Ángel
Published: November 2020

Con el fin de evaluar las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes hospitalizados por influenza A h1n1 en Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México, se realizó un estudio transversal y serie de casos. Se encontró que un total de 6.120 muestras de personas sospechosas de estar infectadas por el virus de la gripe h1n1; 51.5% (3,151) fueron positivos, con el mayor porcentaje de casos en la Ciudad de Tuxtla Gutiérrez. De los 1,567 casos positivos (49.7%), eran mujeres. La edad promedio de la población estu-diada fue de 21.5 ± 4.5 años. El grupo más afectado fue de 30 a 59 años (48.7%), seguido por el grupo de 15 a 29 años (29.5%). Las amas de casa y los estudiantes (madre e hijo), fueron un grupo vulnerable a enfermarse; porque presentaron los casos más altos (62%); en cuanto a la clasificación de riesgo, la patología concomitante más frecuente fue diabetes mellitus en 11.5% (n = 9) seguida de hipertensión arterial con 8% (n = 6) y diferentes enfermedades respiratorias 10.2% (n = 8). Asimismo, se encontró que la tos y el malestar general estaban presentes en la mayoría de los pacientes.Palabras claveInfluenza A (h1n1), características epidemiológicas, Chiapas.Para citar este artículo:Sánchez Lozano, J. A., Durán García, R. M., Rivas Bocanegra, M. G., Gutiérrez Zavala, Ángel, & Alfaro Macías, O. (2020). Características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes hospitalizados por influenza A (H1N1) en Tuxtla Gutiérrez; Chiapas, México. ESPACIO I+D, INNOVACIÓN MÁS DESARROLLO, 9(24). https://doi.org/10.31644/IMASD.24.2020.a04
LA VIDA EN LAS AULAS: IMPLICACIONES DE “APRENDER A APRENDER” EN LA EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA Y SUPERIOR
Authors:   Centro Universitario de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades de la Universidad de Guadalajara, MéxicoRecepción: Octubre 6, 2019 | Aceptación: Abril 23, 2020, Silva Florentino , Valadez Martha
Published: November 2020

La transformación de la docencia versus la transformación del conocimiento, donde las circunstancias propias de los cambios de la naturaleza humana se obstruyen ante el cambio paralelo, se impone la innovación, mediante la participación creativa para la incorporación a la vida del siglo XXI. El gran desafío consiste en la transformación de nuestro pensamiento, que se aferra al marco tradicional, donde el reaprender y desaprender de forma permanente implican procesos de la complejidad educativa actual. Ante este escenario, las instituciones educativas se encuentran en la intrincada situación de realizar cambios en su estructura. ¿Cuál es la discrepancia entre el marco institucional y el marco de la sociedad del conocimiento? ¿Cuáles son las situaciones que se involucran en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de los alumnos y profesores? Su objetivo es demostrar la distancia entre el postulado educativo actual -aprender a aprender- y las situaciones que se viven en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la educación secundaria y superior. El proceso de autorregulación para aprender a aprender, representa un concepto deseable más no sostenido por la práctica educativa. Si bien lo que prevalece son las prácticas tradicionales y los entornos educativos excluyentes que niegan el acceso al cambio educativo de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje, solo la vivencia metodológica permitirá comprender el proceso de aprender a aprender
MR-guided focused ultrasound pallidotomy for Parkinson’s disease: safety and feasibility
Authors: Eisenberg Howard M. , Krishna Vibhor , Elias W. Jeffrey , Cosgrove G. Rees , Gandhi Dheeraj , Aldrich Charlene E. , Fishman Paul S.
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE

Stereotactic radiofrequency pallidotomy has demonstrated improvement in motor fluctuations in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), particularly levodopa (L-dopa)–induced dyskinesias. The authors aimed to determine whether or not unilateral pallidotomy with MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) could safely improve Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS; the primary outcome measure) scores over baseline scores in patients with PD.

METHODS

Twenty patients with PD and L-dopa responsiveness, asymmetrical motor signs, and motor fluctuations, including dyskinesias, participated in a 1-year multicenter open-label trial of unilateral MRgFUS ablation of the globus pallidus internus.

RESULTS

The sonication procedure was successfully completed in all 20 enrolled patients. MRgFUS-related adverse neurological events were generally mild and transient, including visual field deficit (n = 1), dysarthria (n = 4, 2 mild and 2 moderate), cognitive disturbance (n = 1), fine motor deficit (n = 2), and facial weakness (n = 1). Although 3 adverse events (AEs) were rated as severe (transient sonication-related pain in 2, nausea/vomiting in 1), no AE fulfilled US FDA criteria for a Serious Adverse Effect. Total UDysRS, the primary outcome measure, improved 59% after treatment (baseline mean score 36.1, 95% CI 4.88; at 3 months 14.2, 95% CI 5.72, p < 0.0001), which was sustained throughout the study (at 12 months 20.5, 95% CI 7.39, 43% improvement, p < 0.0001). The severity of motor signs on the treated side (Movement Disorder Society version of the United Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale [MDS-UPDRS] part III) in the “off” medication state also significantly improved (baseline mean score 20.0, 95% CI 2.4; at 3 months 10.6, 95% CI 1.86, 44.5% improvement, p < 0.0001; at 12 months 10.4, 95% CI 2.11, 45.2% improvement, p > 0.0001). The vast majority of patients showed a clinically meaningful level of improvement on the impairment component of the UDysRS or the motor component of the UPDRS, while 1 patient showed clinically meaningful worsening on the UPDRS at month 3.

CONCLUSIONS

This study supports the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of MRgFUS pallidotomy in the treatment of patients with PD and motor fluctuations, including dyskinesias. These preliminary data support continued investigation, and a placebo-controlled, blinded trial is in progress.

Clinical trial registration no.: NCT02263885 (clinicaltrials.gov)
The surgical history of head injury in motor vehicle collision
Authors: Matur Abhijith V. , Ngwenya Laura B. , Prestigiacomo Charles J.
Published: November 2020

Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are a significant cause of head injuries today, but efforts to manage and prevent these injuries extend as far back as the beginning of modern neurosurgery itself. Head trauma in MVCs occurred as far back as 1899, and the surgical literature of the time mentions several cases of children being struck by passing automobiles. By the 1930s, Dr. Claire L. Straith, a Detroit plastic surgeon, recommended changes to automobile design after seeing facial injuries and depressed skull fractures that resulted from automobile accidents. During World War II, Sir Hugh Cairns, a British neurosurgeon, demonstrated the efficacy of motorcycle helmets in preventing serious head injury. In the 1950s, Dr. Frank H. Mayfield, a Cincinnati neurosurgeon on the trauma committee of the American College of Surgeons, made several recommendations, such as adding padded dashboards and seatbelts, to make automobiles safer. Ford implemented the recommendations from Dr. Mayfield and others into a safety package for the 1956 models. Significant work has also been done to prevent head injury in motorsports. Efforts by surgeons, especially neurosurgeons, to prevent head injury in MVCs have saved countless lives, although it is a less frequently celebrated achievement.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) Berbasis Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) pada Materi Persamaan dan Pertidaksamaan Linear Satu Variabel
Authors: Gustin Liza , Sari Maila , Putri Rahmi , Putra Aan
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) berbasis Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) pada materi Persamaan dan Pertidaksamaan Linear Satu Variabel. Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan Plomp yang terdiri dari penelitian pendahuluan (preliminary research), tahap pengembangan (prototyping stage) dan tahap penilaian (assessment phase). Rancangan LKPD divalidasi oleh pakar dan diujicoba. Instrumen validitas menggunakan lembar validasi dan instrumen praktikalitas menggunakan angket respon guru dan angket respon peserta didik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LKPD berbasis Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) yang dihasilkan telah memenuhi kriteria kualitas produk yang valid dan praktis. Rata-rata indeks validitas pada semua aspek adalah 0,797 dengan kategori valid, sehingga dapat direkomendasikan untuk digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran khususnya pada materi Persamaan dan Pertidaksamaan Linear Satu Variabel. Indeks rata-rata angket respon peserta didik adalah 84,478% dengan kategori sangat praktis dan indeks rata-rata angket respon guru adalah 87,222 % dalam penggunaan perangkat pembelajaran berbasis Realistic Mathematic Education (RME).
Assumption-based argumentation with preferences and goals for patient-centric reasoning with interacting clinical guidelines
Authors: Čyras Kristijonas , Oliveira Tiago , Karamlou Amin , Toni Francesca
Published: November 2020

A paramount, yet unresolved issue in personalised medicine is that of automated reasoning with clinical guidelines in multimorbidity settings. This entails enabling machines to use computerised generic clinical guideline recommendations and patient-specific information to yield patient-tailored recommendations where interactions arising due to multimorbidities are resolved. This problem is further complicated by patient management desiderata, in particular the need to account for patient-centric goals as well as preferences of various parties involved. We propose to solve this problem of automated reasoning with interacting guideline recommendations in the context of a given patient by means of computational argumentation. In particular, we advance a structured argumentation formalism ABA+G (short for Assumption-Based Argumentation with Preferences (ABA+) and Goals) for integrating and reasoning with information about recommendations, interactions, patient’s state, preferences and prioritised goals. ABA+G combines assumption-based reasoning with preferences and goal-driven selection among reasoning outcomes. Specifically, we assume defeasible applicability of guideline recommendations with the general goal of patient well-being, resolve interactions (conflicts and otherwise undesirable situations) among recommendations based on the state and preferences of the patient, and employ patient-centered goals to suggest interaction-resolving, goal-importance maximising and preference-adhering recommendations. We use a well-established Transition-based Medical Recommendation model for representing guideline recommendations and identifying interactions thereof, and map the components in question, together with the given patient’s state, prioritised goals, and preferences over actions, to ABA+G for automated reasoning. In this, we follow principles of patient management and establish corresponding theoretical properties as well as illustrate our approach in realistic personalised clinical reasoning scenaria.
RationalGRL: A framework for argumentation and goal modeling
Authors: van Zee Marc , Bex Floris , Ghanavati Sepideh
Published: November 2020

Goal-oriented requirements modeling approaches aim to capture the intentions of the stakeholders involved in the development of an information system as goals and tasks. The process of constructing such goal models usually involves discussions between a requirements engineer and a group of stakeholders. Not all the arguments in such discussions can be captured as goals or tasks: e.g., the discussion whether to accept or reject a certain goal and the rationale for acceptance or rejection cannot be captured in goal models. In this paper, we apply techniques from computational argumentation to a goal modeling approach by using a coding analysis in which stakeholders discuss requirements for a Traffic Simulator. We combine a simplified version of a traditional goal model, the Goal-oriented Requirements Language (GRL), with ideas from argumentation on schemes for practical reasoning into a new framework (RationalGRL). RationalGRL provides a formal semantics and tool support to capture the discussions and outcomes of the argumentation process that leads to a goal model. We also define the RationalGRL development process to create a RationalGRL model.
The heterogeneous Helmholtz problem with spherical symmetry: Green’s operator and stability estimates
Authors: Sauter Stefan , Torres Céline
Published: November 2020

We study wave propagation phenomena modelled in the frequency domain by the Helmholtz equation in heterogeneous media with focus on media with discontinuous, highly oscillating wave speed. We restrict to problems with spherical symmetry and will derive explicit representations of the Green’s operator and stability estimates which are explicit in the frequency and the wave speed.
Blood TDP-43 Combined with Demographics Information Predicts Dementia Occurrence in Community Non-Dementia Elderly1
Authors: Sun Lin , Li Wei , Yue Ling , Xiao Shifu
Published: November 2020

Background: TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) are promising fluid biomarkers of disease progression for various dementia. Objective: We would explore whether blood levels of NfL and TDP-43 could predict the long-term progression to dementia, and the relationship of TDP-43 levels between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. Methods: A total of 86 non-dementia elderly received 7-year follow-up, and were divided into 49 stable normal control (NC)/mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects, 19 subjects progressing from NC to MCI, and 18 subjects progressing from NC/MCI to dementia. Blood TDP-43 and NfL levels, and cognitive functions were measured in all subjects. Furthermore, another cohort of 23 dementia patients, including 13 AD and 10 non-AD patients received blood and CSF measurements of TDP-43. Results: In cohort 1, compared to stable NC/MCI group, there were higher levels of blood TDP-43 at baseline in subjects progressing from NC/MCI to dementia. The combination of baseline blood TDP-43 levels with demographics including age, education, and diabetes had the detection for dementia occurrence. Baseline blood levels of NfL are negatively associated with cognitive function at 7-year follow-up. In cohort 2, we found there were no relationship between CSF and blood levels of TDP-43. Moreover, the levels of TDP-43 in CSF was positively associated with the age of patients, especially in AD group. Conclusion: Single blood TDP-43 could not estimate dementia occurrence; however, TDP-43 combined with demographics has the predictive effect for dementia occurrence and NfL level is associated with a decrease of cognitive function.
Potential bioactive ingredient from elderberry fruit: Process optimization for a maximum phenolic recovery, physicochemical characterization, and bioaccesibility
Authors: Gomez Mattson Milagros Lucía , Corfield Rocío , Bajda Leonardo , Pérez Oscar Edgardo , Schebor Carolina , Salvatori Daniela
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: Dark-skin berries constitute a polyphenol-rich source of interest for the development of functional ingredients. OBJECTIVE: To develop an elderberry powder, addressing technological aspects for maximum bioactive recovery, including physical quality and bioaccesibility of the antioxidant compounds. METHODS: An optimization of the combined process of enzyme-assisted extraction and freeze-drying was undertaken. Polyphenols and anthocyanins were quantified by spectrophotometric and HPLC-DAD analysis along processing stages and an in vitro digestion model was used to study the antioxidant compound activity through gastrointestinal tract and after transepithelial transport across a Caco-2 cell monolayer. Powder physical properties were also evaluated. RESULTS: The best extraction conditions were 45°C and 160 ppm enzyme. 10% maltodextrin was the minimum carrier concentration needed to get a freeze-dried powder with good physical properties and maximum bioactive content. The phenolic compounds identified in fruits (mainly cyanidin-based anthocyanins, quercetin-3-rutinoside, catechin and, in smaller amounts, gallic and chlorogenic acids) were also present in the optimum extract and the powder. High bioaccesibility of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity were obtained after in vitro digestion and transepithelial transport. CONCLUSION: The designed elderberry powder showed great potential as functional ingredient to be used in berry juice-based beverages or other products formulated with fruit powders.
A large-scale analysis of HTTPS deployments: Challenges, solutions, and recommendations
Authors: Hu Qinwen , Asghar Muhammad Rizwan , Brownlee Nevil
Published: November 2020

HTTPS refers to an application-specific implementation that runs HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) on top of Secure Socket Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS). HTTPS is used to provide encrypted communication and secure identification of web servers and clients, for different purposes such as online banking and e-commerce. However, many HTTPS vulnerabilities have been disclosed in recent years. Although many studies have pointed out that these vulnerabilities can lead to serious consequences, domain administrators seem to ignore them. In this study, we evaluate the HTTPS security level of Alexa’s top 1 million domains from two perspectives. First, we explore which popular sites are still affected by those well-known security issues. Our results show that less than 0.1% of HTTPS-enabled servers in the measured domains are still vulnerable to known attacks including Rivest Cipher 4 (RC4), Compression Ratio Info-Leak Mass Exploitation (CRIME), Padding Oracle On Downgraded Legacy Encryption (POODLE), Factoring RSA Export Keys (FREAK), Logjam, and Decrypting Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) using Obsolete and Weakened eNcryption (DROWN). Second, we assess the security level of the digital certificates used by each measured HTTPS domain. Our results highlight that less than 0.52% domains use the expired certificate, 0.42% HTTPS certificates contain different hostnames, and 2.59% HTTPS domains use a self-signed certificate. The domains we investigate in our study cover 5 regions (including ARIN, RIPE NCC, APNIC, LACNIC, and AFRINIC) and 61 different categories such as online shopping websites, banking websites, educational websites, and government websites. Although our results show that the problem still exists, we find that changes have been taking place when HTTPS vulnerabilities were discovered. Through this three-year study, we found that more attention has been paid to the use and configuration of HTTPS. For example, more and more domains begin to enable the HTTPS protocol to ensure a secure communication channel between users and websites. From the first measurement, we observed that many domains are still using TLS 1.0 and 1.1, SSL 2.0, and SSL 3.0 protocols to support user clients that use outdated systems. As the previous studies revealed security risks of using these protocols, in the subsequent studies, we found that the majority of domains updated their TLS protocol on time. Our 2020 results suggest that most HTTPS domains use the TLS 1.2 protocol and show that some HTTPS domains are still vulnerable to the existing known attacks. As academics and industry professionals continue to disclose attacks against HTTPS and recommend the secure configuration of HTTPS, we found that the number of vulnerable domain is gradually decreasing every year.
Research on multi-agent collaborative hunting algorithm based on game theory and Q-learning for a single escaper
Authors: Zheng Yanbin , Fan Wenxin , Han Mengyun
Published: November 2020

The multi-agent collaborative hunting problem is a typical problem in multi-agent coordination and collaboration research. Aiming at the multi-agent hunting problem with learning ability, a collaborative hunt method based on game theory and Q-learning is proposed. Firstly, a cooperative hunting team is established and a game model of cooperative hunting is built. Secondly, through the learning of the escaper’s strategy choice, the trajectory of the escaper’s limited T-step cumulative reward is established, and the trajectory is adjusted to the hunter’s strategy set. Finally, the Nash equilibrium solution is obtained by solving the cooperative hunt game, and each hunter executes the equilibrium strategy to complete the hunt task. C# simulation experiment shows that under the same conditions, this method can effectively solve the hunting problem of a single runaway with learning ability in the obstacle environment, and the comparative analysis of experimental data shows that the efficiency of this method is better than other methods.
An instance selection algorithm for fuzzy K-nearest neighbor
Authors: Zhai Junhai , Qi Jiaxing , Zhang Sufang
Published: November 2020

The condensed nearest neighbor (CNN) is a pioneering instance selection algorithm for 1-nearest neighbor. Many variants of CNN for K-nearest neighbor have been proposed by different researchers. However, few studies were conducted on condensed fuzzy K-nearest neighbor. In this paper, we present a condensed fuzzy K-nearest neighbor (CFKNN) algorithm that starts from an initial instance set S and iteratively selects informative instances from training set T, moving them from T to S. Specifically, CFKNN consists of three steps. First, for each instance x ∈ T, it finds the K-nearest neighbors in S and calculates the fuzzy membership degrees of the K nearest neighbors using S rather than T. Second it computes the fuzzy membership degrees of x using the fuzzy K-nearest neighbor algorithm. Finally, it calculates the information entropy of x and selects an instance according to the calculated value. Extensive experiments on 11 datasets are conducted to compare CFKNN with four state-of-the-art algorithms (CNN, edited nearest neighbor (ENN), Tomeklinks, and OneSidedSelection) regarding the number of selected instances, the testing accuracy, and the compression ratio. The experimental results show that CFKNN provides excellent performance and outperforms the other four algorithms.
Extensions of power aggregation operators for decision making based on complex picture fuzzy knowledge
Authors: Liu Peide , Akram Muhammad , Bashir Ayesha
Published: November 2020

This article puts forward an innovative notion of complex picture fuzzy set (CPFS) which is particularly an extension and a generalization of picture fuzzy sets (PFSs) by the addition of phase term in the description of PFSs. The uniqueness of CPFS lies in the capability to manage the uncertainty and periodicity, simultaneously, due to the presence of phase term which broadens the range of CPFS from a real plane to the complex plane of unit disk. We describe and verify the fundamental operations and properties of CPFSs. We introduce the aggregation operators, namely; complex picture fuzzy power averaging and complex picture fuzzy power geometric operators in CPFSs environment, based on weighted and ordered weighted averaging and geometric operators. We construct multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem, using these operators and describe a numerical example to illustrate the validity and competence of this article. Finally, we discuss the advantages of this generalized concept of aggregation technique and analyze a comparative study to demonstrate the superiority and consistency of our model.
Group decision-making for the selection of an antivirus mask under fermatean fuzzy soft information
Authors: Shahzadi Gulfam , Akram Muhammad
Published: November 2020

With the rapid increase of COVID-19, mostly people are facing antivirus mask shortages. It is necessary to select a good antivirus mask and make it useful for everyone. For maximize the efficacy of the antivirus masks, we propose a decision support algorithm based on the concept of Fermatean fuzzy soft set (FFSfS). The basic purpose of this article is to introduce the notion of FFSfS to deal with problems involving uncertainty and complexity corresponding to various parameters. Here, the valuable properties of FFSfS are merged with the Yager operator to propose four new operators, namely, Fermatean fuzzy soft Yager weighted average (FFSfYWA), Fermatean fuzzy soft Yager ordered weighted average (FFSfYOWA), Fermatean fuzzy soft Yager weighted geometric (FFSfYWG) and Fermatean fuzzy soft Yager ordered weighted geometric (FFSfYOWG) operators. The fundamental properties of proposed operators are discussed. For the importance of proposed operators, a multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) strategy is presented along with an application for the selection of an antivirus mask over the COVID-19 pandemic. The comparison with existing operators shows that existing operators cannot deal with data involving parametric study but developed operators have the ability to deal decision-making problems using parameterized information.
Addressing the specificities of contusion cataract surgery in adults
Authors:   City Mariinskaya Hospital, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Kutukova N.V. , Kutukov A. Yu. ,   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Brzheskiy V.V. ,   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: November 2020

im: to assess the clinical course and surgical procedures for contusion cataracts.Patients and Methods: 50 patients with a contusion cataract who underwent surgical treatment in 2008–2018 were included in the study group. 50 patients with a complicated cataract, either along with glaucoma (n=25) or diabetic cataract (n=25), were included in the control group. All patients were examined and treated in the same manner (i.e., eye exam was performed at admission, before the surgery, on postoperative days 1–3, and 1, 3, and 6 months after the surgery).Results: unilateral cataracts were revealed in the study group and bilateral cataracts were revealed in the control group. More than two-third of study group patients and only 14% of controls have the clinical signs of subluxated lens. In the study group, lens opacities were polymorphic. In the control group, nuclear opacities occurred in 30%, cortical opacities in 32%, and mixed opacities in 38%. In the course of surgical procedures, previously undiagnosed mild lens subluxation was identified in 12% of study group patients and less than 6% of controls. The total rate of zonular insufficiency in the study group was twice as much as in the control group. Additional devices (i.e., iris and capsular retractors, capsular tension rings etc.) were used in 46% of study group patients and 20% of control group patients. Visual acuity more than 12/20 was reported in 86% of study group patients and only 32% of control group patients.Conclusions: the clinical course and surgical performance of contusion cataracts should be considered when examining and operating these patients. Occult minimal lens subluxation is also important. Keywords: complicated cataract, traumatic cataract, contusion cataract, lens subluxation, iris capsular retractor, capsular tension ring, surgical specificities.For citation: Kutukova N.V., Kutukov A.Yu., Brzheskiy V.V. Addressing the specificities of contusion cataract surgery in adults. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2020;20(4):187–190. DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2020-20-4-187-190.
Faktor- Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Produksi ASI Pada Ibu Menyusui 0- 6 Bulan Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bangetayu
Authors: Rahayu Tutik , Arzakiyah Istiadhatul , W Apriliani Yulianti
Published: November 2020

Background: Breast milk is food that is given to babies that is released directly from the mother's breast and contains several nutrients according to the needs of the baby as an antibody. There are several factors that affect milk production. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the factors that influence milk production in nursing mothers 0-6 months.Methods: This type of research is cross sectional .. The number of respondents was 105 people with consecutive sampling technique. The data obtained were processed statistically using multiple logistic regression statistical tests.Result: The results showed that the majority of respondents had multipara parity status of 58.1%, mothers did not work as much as 76.2%, used hormonal contraception as much as 65.7%, did regular breast care as much as 57%, age was not rested as many as 86, 7%, 51.4% IMD, 53.3% giving pralacteal food, 67.6% adequate breastfeeding frequency, 92.4% insufficient nutritional status, 53.3% pathological delivery, breastfeeding technique 67.6% less, higher education 68.6% and high family income 51.4%. Statistical test results show that the actor who most influences the production of breast milk in nursing mothers 0-6 months is IMD with an OR value of 3,469.Conclusion: There is an influence of parity status, contraceptive use, breast care, BMI, pralacteal feeding, frequency of breastfeeding and breastfeeding techniques on milk production. The most influential factor is IMD.
Comparative effectiveness of acaricides
Authors: Levytska V. A.
Published: November 2020

The use of chemicals is the main method of controlling ectoparasites around the world. In Ukraine, due to the lack of an effective system for controlling ixodid ticks, there is an annual increase in the number of tick-borne diseases. Prevention of tick bites is largely based on the use of chemical repellents and acaricides. The study was conducted in 2019 in the laboratory of parasitology of the Department of Infectious and Invasive Diseases FVMTT PDATU. The experiments used neonicotinoids – imidacloprid, phenyl pyrazole - fipronil, pyrethroid compounds – cyfluthrin, permethrin. In the first phase of the studies, acetone was used as a diluent, each acaricide was diluted to obtain a 1.0 % solution, after which 10-fold dilutions of each acaricide from 1:10 to 1:107 were prepared and the study was performed. In the second stage of research, the method of topical application of acetone solutions of different concentrations was used. Cyfluthrin caused 100 % death of ticks of D. reticulatus and I. ricinus within 24 hours at a dilution of up to 1:10.000. Statistical analysis showed that ticks of the two species were significantly more sensitive to cyfluthrin and permethrin than to fipronil and imidacloprid, based on LD50 values. According to the level of contact activity, which is determined by topical application and the estimated LD50, cyfluthrin against I. ricinus was the most active acaricide and LD50 was 0.33 ± 0.07. In relation to D. reticulatus, the LD50 of cyfluthrin was 0.51 ± 0.08. After contact with cyfluthrin, 40 % of I. ricinus ticks and 30 % of D. reticulatus ticks died within one hour, and after 24 hours all ticks were dead. Among the adult stages of ixodid ticks, males were more resistant to the drugs than females. Therefore, cyfluthrin is recommended for the controling of ticks, which ensures the death of mites after a short period of time.
Study of the toxic effect of the drug “Incombivit”
Authors: Kaliuzhna T. M. , Fotina H. A.
Published: November 2020

Modern veterinary medicine has made great strides in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, largely through the availability of highly effective drugs. One of the major challenges to development of effective, safe, competitive drugs in Ukraine is the creation of an effective system of pre-clinical trials that meet international standards. The toxicity study is a mandatory phase trials of new drugs. The drug “Inkombivit” accommodates only available endogenous biologically active substances, which are natural feed ingredients for animals and are naturally present in animal tissues. All active pharmaceutical ingredients used in drug “Inkombivit”, by the EU regulation No. 37/2010 related to non-hazardous for animals and people compounds. The LD50 of most active pharmaceutical ingredients included in the drug “Incombivit” for mice when administered orally ranges from 5000 to 10000 mg/kg body weight, except for some active pharmaceutical ingredients when they are contained in milligram amounts in 1 liter of the drug, for which LD50 less than 1000 mg/kg body weight of animals. Incombivit is a combination drug that contains fat- and water-soluble vitamins, trace elements and amino acids that normalize metabolism, increase overall resistance, improve productivity, safety and reproductive functions of animals. Acute toxicity of the drug was studied on 50 white mice weighing 19–21 g and on 20 white rats weighing 250–295 g. The animals were kept in accordance with sanitary norms and rules on a standard diet (compound feed) adopted in the vivarium. The acute LD50 of Incombivit for a single oral administration is 7500 ± 229.95 mg/kg body weight for mice and 6250 ± 375.50 mg/kg body weight for rats. Incombivit can be classified as hazard class 4 according to the International Standard GOST 12.1.007-76 and to category 5 according to the International Global Harmonized System (GHS) classification, as its LD50 for mice and rats with a single oral administration exceeds 5000 mg/kg body weight.
Clinical signs of hypothyroidism in domestic dogs
Authors: Lokes-Krupka T. P. , Tsvilichovsky M. I. , Zarytskyi S. M.
Published: November 2020

The research was conducted during 2016–2019 on the basis of veterinary clinics in Poltava - veterinary clinic at the Department of Therapy named after Professor P.Lokes of Poltava State Agrarian Academy, “Vet Line”, “Vet Comfort” and the laboratory of the Department of Therapy named after Professor P. I. Lokes of Poltava State Agrarian Academy. During the research we studied 11 dogs, which were diagnosed with hypothyroidism. The animals belonged to different breeds, had different sexes (6 females and 5 males) and age. For control we took 15 dogs without visible signs of any pathology. We compared the breed susceptibility of dogs with hypothyroidism and dogs with alimentary obesity. Thus, we found that most breeds are common to animals in both pathologies. However, in our sample for hypothyroidism there was no such breed as a pug, and outbred individuals, which accounted for a significant percentage of dogs with alimentary obesity. One of the most common clinical symptom is the presence of symmetrical alopecia on the sides on the background of dull and disheveled hair (90.9 %). Mucosal anemia was observed in a significant proportion of animals (81.8 %). The symptom of bradycardia and shortness of breath during exercise is observed in 72.7 % of experimental animals, which indicates the development of pathological changes in the cardiovascular system. It was found that all animals showed depression, weakness and fatigue (100.0 %). Polydipsia and hypothermia were much less common in 45.5 % of dogs, and corneal dystrophy in 36.4% of cases. The last clinical manifestation occurred in animals with the most severe pathology. According to the literature, it is known that hypothyroidism in dogs is often a symptom of obesity. According to our data, obesity (overweight) was registered in 63.6 % of experimental animals. With the diagnosis of “hypothyroidism” in dogs, we identified two experimental groups: 1 – animals with normal fatness; 2nd – with a clinical symptom of obesity. We can note a significant increase in adipose tissue in dogs with hypothyroidism of the 2nd experimental group (45.1 ± 1.70 %), which indicates the presence of endocrine obesity, as evidenced by visual assessment of fatness (4.7 ± 0.18 points). Such changes develop due to insufficient production of thyroid hormones. The latter play an important role in regulating metabolism in the body. Due to their deficiency, the metabolism in animals slows down and, as a result, there is a risk of obesity.