Uji Mutu dan Keefektifan Metarhizium anisopliae Isolat Kalimantan Tengah Terhadap Oryctes rhinoceros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) [Quality Test and Effectiveness of Metarhizium anisopliae Isolates From Central Kalimantan Against Oryctes rhinocerus]
Authors: Nls Siswanto , Trisawa I M 
Published: April 2019

<p><em>Oryctes rhinoceros</em> (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is  an importan pest on coconut trees. Control of <em>O. rhinoceros</em> can be done in various ways, such as by physical, mechanical, biological, and chemical. The fungus <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> is a biological agent that can suppress the development of the <em>O. rhinoceros</em> . Effectiveness of <em>M. anisopliae</em> fungus is largely determined by the quality/grade conidia of the fungus consist of its density, viability and patogenicity against the target pest. For that, studies have been conducted to determine the quality and effectiveness biological control of <em>M. anisopliae</em> isolates Kalteng (Central Kalimantan) against <em>O. rhinoceros</em>. Tests conducted in the Entomology Laboratory of Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Crops  (Balittro), and around the home screen in Balittro, Bogor.  The fungus <em>M. anisopliae</em> isolates originating from Central Kalimantan (Kalteng), while the larvae of <em>O. rhinoceros</em> from Yogyakarta. The results showed that the fungus conidia <em>M. anisopliae</em> isolates Kalteng has a density of over 10<sup>8</sup>, while the viability above 90%. Pathogenicity to larvae of <em>O. Rhinoceros</em> &gt; 50%. This character indicates a good quality of these fungi as biological control agent. The fungus of <em>M. anisopliae </em>isolates Kalteng at concentrations of 10<sup>6</sup> and 10<sup>8</sup> can killed up to 90% third instar O. rhinoceros larvae  in field conditions. So both these concentrations can be used in the control of <em>O. rhinoceros</em> in the field. </p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><em> </em></p><p>Hama <em>Oryctes rhinoceros</em> (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) merupakan hama penting tanaman kelapa . Pengendalian <em>O. rhinoceros </em>dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara yaitu secara fisik, mekanik, hayati, dan kimiawi.  Cendawan  <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> merupakan agens hayati yang dapat menekan perkembangan hama <em> O. rhinoceros</em>. Efektivitas cendawan <em>M. anisopliae</em> sangat ditentukan oleh kualitas/mutu konidia cendawan tersebut yang meliputi kerapatan, viabilitas  dan patogenitasnya terhadap hama sasaran. Untuk itu telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui mutu dan keefektifan agens pengendali hayati  <em>M. anisopliae </em>isolat Kalimantan Tengah terhadap <em>O. rhinoceros. </em>Pengujian dilakukan di Laboratorium Hama Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat (Balittro) dan di sekitar rumah kasa di Balittro, Bogor.  Isolat cendawan <em>M. anisopliae </em>yang digunakan berasal dari  Kalteng, sedangkan larva <em>O. rhinoceros </em>berasal dari Yogyakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Cendawan <em>M. anisopliae </em>isolat Kalteng memiliki kerapatan konidia di atas 10<sup>8</sup>, sedangkan viabilitasnya di atas 90%.  Patogenisitas terhadap larva <em>O. rhinoceros </em>&gt; 50%.  Karakter ini menunjukkan mutu yang baik dari cendawan tersebut sebagai agens pengendali hayati. Cendawan <em>M. anisopliae </em>isolat Kalteng pada konsentrasi 10<sup>6</sup> dan 10<sup>8</sup> dapat mematikan 90%  larva <em>O. rhinoceros </em>instar 3 pada kondisi lapangan. Sehingga kedua konsentrasi tersebut dapat digunakan dalam mengendalikan <em>O. rhinoceros </em>di lapangan.</p>