bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH LEVERAGE DAN PERTUMBUHAN ASET TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI
Authors: Sabrina Vindiani
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh leverage dan pertumbuhan aset terhadap kebijakan dividen. Objek pada penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI selama 5 tahun dari 2010 sampai dengan 2014. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dan verifikatif. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI sebanyak 150 perusahaan. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling sehingga diperoleh sampel sebanyak 71 perusahaan. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi dokumentasi terhadap laporan keuangan perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan melakukan uji normalitas, uji multikolinearitas, uji heteroskedastisitas, dan uji autokorelasi. Analisis statistik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis regresi linier berganda untuk data panel dengan bantuan aplikasi Eviews 9. Berdasarkan pengujian diperoleh hasil bahwa tidak ditemukan adanya variabel yang menyimpang dari asumsi klasik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa leverage berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kebijakan dividen dan pertumbuhan aset berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kebijakan dividen. Kata kunci: Kebijakan Dividen, Leverage, Pertumbuhan Aset
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL SUPERVISI AKADEMIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PEMBELAJARAN PADA SMK BIDANG KEAHLIAN BISNIS DAN MANAJEMEN DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Rasto Rasto
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengembangkan model supervisi akademik untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran pada Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Bidang Keahlian Bisnis dan Manajemen di kota Bandung. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini yaitu sebuah model supervisi akademik yang bisa diimplementasikan oleh kepala sekolah dan pengawas untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh guru. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan atau Research and Develpoment (R & D). Penelitian dan pengembangan adalah suatu proses atau langkah-langkah untuk mengembangkan suatu produk baru atau menyempurnakan produk yang telah ada. Tahapan dalam penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) dalam penelitian ini secara operasional terdiri dari: 1) Penelitian dan pengumpulan data; 2) Perencanaan; 3) Pengembangan Model ; 4) Validasi Model ; 5) Revisi Model ; 6) Uji Coba Model; 7) Revisi Model; 8) Uji Coba Lebih Luas; dan 9) Revisi Model Akhir. Berdasarkan existing condition dan kerangka acuan pengembangan model, maka rancangan model supervisi dalam penelitian ini mengikuti  tahapan kegiatan yang merupakan siklus yang terdiri atas tahapan-tahapan : 1) Perencanaan Program Supervisi, 2) Tahap Pertemuan Awal, 3) Pemberian Motivasi dan Pembentukan Mindset, 4) Persiapan Supervisi, 5) Peer Group Supervision, 6) Evaluasi, 7) Tindak Lanjut, 8) Pemantauan Pelaksanaan Tindak Lanjut. Kata Kunci : Supervisi Akademik, Kualitas Pembelajaran
PENGARUH SELF-EFFICACY TERHADAP KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Hanifah Tania Nur
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran self-efficacy siswa, kemandirian belajar siswa, serta pengaruh self-efficacy terhadap kemandirian belajar siswa kelas XI Akuntansi tahun ajaran 2016/2017 dalam mata pelajaran Akuntansi Keuangan di SMK Negeri 1 Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan verifikatif. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa angket yang disebarkan kepada seluruh populasi siswa kelas XI Akuntansi tahun ajaran 2016/2017 di SMK Negeri 1 Bandung yang berjumlah 105 orang. Angket self-efficacy tersusun dari 28 item pernyataan dengan 11 alternatif jawaban dan angket kemandirian belajar tersusun dari 19 item pernyataan dengan 5 alternatif jawaban. Uji normalitas menggunakan rumus uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan analisis korelasi menggunakan rumus Pearson product moment. Seluruh pengolahan data menggunakan software Microsoft Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) versi 23.0. Dari perhitungan uji t diketahui thitung>ttabel , sehingga ditarik kesimpulan bahwa self-efficacy berpengaruh postitif terhadap kemandirian belajar siswa kelas XI Akuntansi tahun ajaran 2016/2017 dalam mata pelajaran Akuntansi Keuangan di SMK Negeri 1 Bandung.  Kata Kunci: Self-efficacy, kemandirian belajar
Olha Buturlimova. British Labour Party in the 1920s: the electoral competition
Authors: Buturlimova Olha
Published: March 2019

The article examines the processes of growth of the British Labour Party in the early XXth century. The reasons of Labour Party’s success on parliamentary and municipal elections in the 1920s have been analyzed. The main attention is paid to the party’s activities in constituencies and analysis of Labour Party General Election Manifestos, General Elections Results and other statistic data. The relations between the Labour Party and churches in Great Britain have also been investigated. The support of the Anglican Church and denominations in Great Britain gave the Labour Party some votes but they lost some votes of believers in the next election in 1924 because of Labour government’s failure to acknowledge Bolshevik persecution of the Christians in the USSR. The Labour attempts to win the countryside were also not so fruitful. It is emphasized that 1918 was the turning point in the formation of the Labour Party as mass, widely represented and influential parliamentary party. The reorganization of the Labour party in 1918, Representation of the People Act (1918), adoption of the “Labour and the New Social Order” party constitution have proved to be favorable for its further evolution. But some difficulties such as conflicts between left and right views in the party, absence of convincing majority, black mass-media technologies from political opponents and problems in economics of the country, seriously influenced on its abilities to win success in 1920-s.
Ukrainian students in the higher educational establishments of the European Union: problems and prospects of international academic exchanges
Authors: Khan Evgen
Published: March 2019

The article presents fundamental arguments and reasons that motivate Ukrainian students educate abroad, prima facie – in the European academic institutions. The statistics and opinion polls data upon the number of Ukrainian students studying abroad (i.a. in the European academia) have been given. The article also delivers data on the number of students presented in the separate countries of Europe (Germany, Poland, France, Czech Republic and Italy). The initial programs proposed and studying conditions available in these countries have been outlined. The popularity of a series of European educational institutions among the youth of Ukraine has been explained. It face the academic migration which might bring about the substantial demographic changes and brain drain (through dramatic loss of the highly qualified manpower), which basically is currently coming around. Therefore it is quite hard to claim whether the bigger or smaller part of the Ukrainian students studying in Europe or going to college therein stays abroad upon completing their education or return home. To this end, the issues of educational migration and brain drain rise dramatically nowadays.
The retraining of the servicemen of the armed forces of Ukraine within the framework of the NATO-Ukraine program
Authors: Avtushenko Iryna
Published: March 2019

The reduction and reform of the Armed Forces of Ukraine has caused the social issues associated with adapting to the new living conditions and the activities of the servicemen dismissed from the military service to the reserve or retirement. During the period of transition from military life to civilian, many officers needed retraining for gaining new civilian specialties, which required financial support from the state. But the difficult situation in the country did not allow massively invest the budgetary funds needed to solve this issue. That is why the NATO’s support concerning the financing of programs aimed at social adaptation of servicemen dismissed from military service, as well as those included in the plan of dismissal from the Armed Forces of Ukraine, becomes dramatically important. In the years of independence, by means of these programs over 8 thousand servicemen have been retrained. For implementation of programs for the adaptation of servicemen all over the country, the centers for training of servicemen have been set up in the cities. Therefore these centers supported a large number of the dismissed servicemen or those who were to be dismissed, by giving them the opportunity to get a civilian specialty which was in demand in the labor market.
DENSIDADE POPULACIONAL, ESPAÇAMENTO E ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA NA SEMEADURA DE MILHO DE SEGUNDA SAFRA
Authors: Zoz Tiago , Lana Maria do Carmo , Steiner Fábio , Zoz André , Zoz Jardel , Zuffo Alan Mario
Published: March 2019

A adequada distribuição das plantas e a adubação nitrogenada são práticas de manejo que afetam a produtividade do milho. Para o cultivo de milho segunda safra são necessárias informações quanto à resposta do arranjo das plantas à adubação nitrogenada. Sendo assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a interação entre densidade populacional, espaçamento entrelinhas e aplicação de nitrogênio (N) em semeadura na cultura do milho de segunda safra, cultivado em sistema de semeadura direta. O delineamento experimental empregado foi de blocos ao acaso, dispostos em parcelas subsubdivididas, com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas foram alocadas as densidades populacionais (60.000 e 75.000 plantas ha-1); nas subparcelas os três espaçamentos entrelinhas (0,40; 0,60 e 0,80 m) e nas subsubparcelas foram aplicadas quatro doses de N (20, 35, 50 e 65 kg ha-1) em semeadura. A adubação de cobertura foi realizada aplicando-se 100 kg ha-1 de N para todos os tratamentos na forma de ureia. Independentemente da dose de N, a densidade populacional de 60.000 plantas ha-1 e o espaçamento entrelinhas de 0,40 m proporcionaram maior produtividade de grãos de milho segunda safra. Maior número de grãos/espiga, número de fileiras/espiga, comprimento de espiga, massa de cem grãos e produtividade de grãos de milho segunda safra são verificados na dose de 65 kg ha-1 de N na semeadura.
SOBREVIVÊNCIA E CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE ESPÉCIES FLORESTAIS EM SISTEMA DE INTEGRAÇÃO LAVOURA-PECUÁRIA-FLORESTA NO LESTE DA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Silva Arystides Resende , Schwartz Gustavo
Published: March 2019

O desflorestamento para o estabelecimento de projetos agrícolas na Amazônia brasileira tem resultado em vastas áreas degradadas. Desta forma, sistemas de interação lavoura-pecuária-floresta (iLPF) tornam-se uma alternativa essencial para conciliar a produção agrícola com a sustentabilidade. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o crescimento inicial de três espécies florestais: mogno africano (Khaya ivorensis), eucalipto urophylla (Eucalyptus urophylla) e paricá (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum) para sua adaptação em sistemas de iLPF sobre áreas degradadas, no Leste da Amazônia. As avaliações de performance das espécies estudadas foram feitas por meio de um experimento conduzido na Fazenda Vitória, município de Paragominas, Estado do Pará, Brasil. No experimento foram comparadas as performances das espécies em sistema de iLPF e em monocultivo. As três espécies florestais mostraram crescimento satisfatório em altura e diâmetro em ambos os tratamentos. O mogno apresentou maior crescimento em altura e DAP no sistema iLPF enquanto que o eucalipto e o paricá tiveram maior crescimento somente em altura no sistema de monocultivo e nenhuma diferença em DAP. O paricá apresentou a maior percentagem de sobrevivência, seguido por mogno e eucalipto.
ANÁLISE DE RESÍDUOS FLORESTAIS APÓS COLHEITA SEMIMECANIZADA EM UM PLANTIO DE CONÍFERAS NO PARANÁ
Authors: Vatraz Silvane , Borges Fabricio Quadros
Published: March 2019

O objetivo desta investigação foi analisar a quantidade e a qualidade do resíduo florestal lenhoso após a intervenção de colheita em um plantio misto de Pinus elliottii e Pinus taeda, em um empreendimento florestal em uma área de 9,87 hectares, localizado no Paraná. Foram instaladas 34 parcelas de 12 m x 12 m, distribuídas em faixas a cada 50 metros. Foi considerado resíduo todo material lenhoso com circunferências superiores a 10 cm. O estudo concluiu que o total de resíduo é da ordem de 78,03 m³ ha-1, o que corresponde a 770,15 m³ para a área total. O tipo de resíduo de maior frequência foi oriundo da altura de toco, correspondendo a 10,41% do volume total. No entanto, o volume mais expressivo foi detectado no resíduo proveniente do fuste desclassificado, correspondendo a 74,32%. Neste sentido, o estudo verificou que o alto percentual de resíduos nas parcelas e, por consequência, por hectare, pode afetar diretamente no controle operacional do volume de madeira estimado pelo inventário florestal e o efetivamente colhido, além de refletir a falta de planejamento e de monitoramento da qualidade das atividades de colheita florestal.
Low-Level Laser Therapy in Periodontics: A Review Article
Authors: Brindha  , Devi Renuka
Published: March 2019

Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) is a light source treatment that generates light of a single wavelength. The low-level lasers do not cause temperature elevation within the tissue, but rather produce their effects from photobiostimulation effect within the tissues. Low-level lasers do not cut or ablate the tissue. The therapy performed with Low-Level Lasers is called as LLLT. LLLT devices include the gallium arsenide, gallium aluminum arsenide infrared semiconductor (gallium-aluminum-arsenide), and helium-neon lasers. The output powers range from 50 to 500 mW with wavelengths in the red and near infrared of the electromagnetic spectrum, from 630 to 980 nm with pulsed or continuous-wave emission.
ЗМІНА ЧУТЛИВОСТІ ІНДИКАТОРА ВТОМИ ЯК ЗАСІБ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЙОГО БАГАТОФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОСТІ
Authors: Карускевич Михайло Віталійович , Маслак Тетяна Петрівна , Салій Сергій Сергійович , Линник Олександр Петрович
Published: March 2019

В статті показана можливість зміни чутливості індикаторів втоми відповідно до умов навантажування об’єктів, втомне пошкодження яких контролюється. Розробка індикаторів втоми є результатом багаторічних досліджень втомного пошкодження монокристалічного алюмінію та полікристалічних алюмінієвих сплавів, що проводяться в Національному авіаційному університеті. В основі досліджень є процес формуванням деформаційного рельєфу на поверхні алюмінієвого сплаву Д16АТ під дією циклічних навантажень, а також тісна кореляція між інтенсивністю рельєфу та режимами навантаження. В статті представлена концепція індикатора втоми, що може реагувати на експлуатаційні навантаження різних конструктивних елементів літака так само як і на навантаження інших металевих  конструкцій. Чутливість індикаторів втоми суттєво залежить від перерозподілу напружень в перерізах індикатору. Запропоновано кількісну характеристику – коефіцієнт чутливості. Зміною геометрії індикаторів можна досягти чутливості, необхідної для реагування стану поверхні індикатору на зовнішнє механічне навантажування. Оптимізація геометрії індикаторів досягається застосуванням методу скінченних елементів. Важливим результатом роботи є також перевірка працездатності індикатора при дії стискаючих напружень. Показано, що в діапазоні визначених напружень стискання розглянута геометрія індикаторів не призводить до втрати стійкості. Таким чином, показана можливість застосування запропонованих індикаторів втоми для оцінки накопиченого втомного пошкодження елементів конструкцій літака, які працюють в умовах розтягу та стиску.
СИСТЕМА РЕКОНФІГУРАЦІЇ КЕРУВАННЯ ПОЛЬОТОМ ДЛЯ ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ КЕРОВАНОСТІ ТА СТІЙКОСТІ ПОВІТРЯНОГО КОРАБЛЯ В УМОВАХ ВИНИКНЕННЯ ОСОБЛИВИХ СИТУАЦІЙ У ПОЛЬОТІ
Authors: Казак Василь Миколайович , Шевчук Дмитро Олегович , Тимошенко Наталія Анатоліївна , Прохоренко Ірина Володимирівна
Published: March 2019

Складність вирішення проблеми забезпечення заданого рівня безпеки польотів безперервно зростає у зв'язку з підвищенням інтенсивності використання авіаційної техніки, що крім відомих впливів, веде до значного збільшення імовірності зіткнення у польоті з механічними, біологічними та електричними формуваннями, а також розширенням кола виконуваних нею функціональних завдань (розвитком стратегії використання авіації у локальних війнах, що змусило провідні держави світу негайно зайнятися дослідженнями, спрямованими на підвищення рівня живучості повітряних кораблів (ПК)). Порівняльний аналіз статистичних даних ICAO показав, що 35% авіаційних подій спричинено пошкодженнями зовнішніх обводів ПК і керувальних органів, відмовами та пошкодженнями елементів пілотажно-навігаційного комплексу, причому головним чином відмовами їх приводів. Варто відзначити надзвичайно високу швидкоплинність розвитку аварійної ситуації, що в свою чергу потребує миттєвого втручання в ситуацію для вжиття необхідних керувальних дій щодо запобігання її розвитку або переростання у катастрофічну. У статті пропонується концепція системи автоматичного керування із функціями реконфігурації, що забезпечує відновлення керованості та стійкості ПК в умовах виникнення особливих ситуацій за рахунок реконфігурації керувальних сигналів, структури системи, конфігурації ПК або цільових завдань, тобто збереження безпечного режиму польоту, а також наведено її функціональну схему. Пропонується інтелектуальна система автоматичного діагностування, яка забезпечує своєчасну реєстрацію ушкоджень зовнішнього ободу ПК з підвищеною достовірністю та точністю фіксації місця, ступеня та моменту раптового пошкодження зовнішнього обводу ПК у польоті. Рішення поставленої задачі досягається тим, що у внутрішню порожнину елементів конструкції ПК за матричною схемою вмонтовано «n» датчиків лінійного прискорення та «m» датчиків кутової швидкості. Сигнал з кожного окремого датчика надходить до класифікатора типових пошкоджень, який розпізнає отримане пошкодження зовнішнього обводу ПК у польоті, якщо воно раптово виникло, згідно з «базою даних» класифікатора.
A study of free radical chemistry: their role and pathophysiological significance.
Authors: Gutowski Mariusz , Kowalczyk Sławomir
Published: March 2019

Oxygen is one of the most important molecules on Earth mainly because of the biochemical symmetry of oxygenic photosynthesis and aerobic respiration that can maintain homeostasis within our planet's biosphere. Oxygen can also produce toxic molecules, reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS play a dual role in biological systems, since they can be either harmful or beneficial to living systems. They can be considered a double-edged sword because at moderate concentrations, nitric oxide (NO•), superoxide anion, and related reactive oxygen species play an important role as regulatory mediators in signalling processes. Many of the ROS-mediated responses actually protect the cells against oxidative stress and re-establish "redox homeostasis". On the other hand, overproduction of ROS has the potential to cause damage. In the recent decades, ROS has become a focus of interest in most biomedical disciplines and many types of clinical research. Increasing evidence from research on several diseases shows that oxidative stress is associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, obesity, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, ischaemia/reperfusion injury, obstructive sleep apnea, neurodegenerative disorders, hypertension and ageing.
Changes of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in plant protoplast cultures.
Authors: Moricová Pavla , Ondřej Vladan , Navrátilová Božena , Luhová Lenka
Published: March 2019

Cytosine methylation patterns in higher eukaryotes are important in gene regulation. Along with 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), a newly discovered constituent of mammalian DNA, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), is the other modified base in higher organisms. In this study we detected 5-hmC in plant protoplast DNA and demonstrated its increasing content during the first 72 hrs. of protoplast cultivation. In contrast to 5-hmC, the amount of 5-mC decreased during protoplast cultivation. It was also found that 5-hmC did not primarily arise as a product of oxidative DNA damage following protoplast culture.
Genetic variants of uncoupling proteins-2 and -3 in relation to maximal oxygen uptake in different sports.
Authors: Holdys Joanna , Gronek Piotr , Kryściak Jakub , Stanisławski Daniel
Published: March 2019

Uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 (UCP2 and UCP3) as mitochondrial electron transporters are involved in regulation of ATP production and energy dissipation as heat. Energy efficiency plays an important role in physical performance, especially in aerobic fitness. The aim of this study was to examine the association between maximal oxygen uptake and genetic variants of the UCP2 and UCP3 genes. The studies were carried out in a group of 154 men and 85 women, professional athletes representing various sports and fitness levels and students of the University of Physical Education in Poznań. Physiological and molecular procedures were used, i.e. direct measurement of maximum oxygen uptake (VO₂max) and analysis of an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the 3'untranslated region of exon 8 of the UCP2 gene and a C>T substitution in exon 5 (Y210Y) of the UCP3 gene. No statistically significant associations were found, only certain trends. Insertion allele (I) of the I/D UCP2 and the T allele of the UCP3 gene were favourable in obtaining higher VO₂max level and might be considered as endurance-related alleles.
The activity of cathepsin D and alpha-1 antitrypsin in hip and knee osteoarthritis.
Authors: Olszewska-Slonina Dorota , Matewski Dariusz , Jung Stanislaw , Olszewski Krzysztof J , Czajkowski Rafal , Braszkiewicz Joanna , Wozniak Alina , Kowaliszyn Bogna
Published: March 2019

The progress of cartilage decay during joint degeneration is not well monitored with biochemical methods. The role of cathepsin D (CAT-D) in articular cartilage deterioration remains unclear. The aim of this study is to assess the activity of CAT-D and alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) in blood in patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis. The activity of CAT-D and AAT in blood serum of 40 women and 21 men with hip or knee osteoarthritis was determined before total joint replacement, on the tenth day after surgery, and once in 54 healthy patients. The preoperative activity of CAT-D in patients with osteoarthritis was lower by 53.6% (11.00 ± 4.54 10(-2) nM released tyrosine/mg protein/min, P < 0.001) and after surgery by 55.0% (10.67 ± 4.64 10(-2) nM released tyrosine/mg protein/min, P < 0.001) when compared to its activity in healthy patients. There was no significant statistical difference between CAT-D activity before the surgery and its activity on the tenth day after it in the analyzed group (P< 0.496). Simultaneously, the preoperative activity of AAT in the OA (osteoarthritis) patients was by 25.5% (0.93 ± 0.32 mg inhibited trypsin/ml blood serum, P < 0.001) and postoperative was by 44.9% higher (1.26 ± 0.36 mg inhibited trypsin/ml blood serum, P < 0.001) than in healthy patients. The low CAT-D activity in osteoarthritis of big joints is associated with a decrease of cartilage cells during the degenerative process. The higher activity of acute phase protein AAT in OA patients' blood serum confirms the inflammatory component in the osteoarthritis process.
Purification and properties of an α-(1 → 3)-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.84) from Trichoderma harzianum and its use for reduction of artificial dental plaque accumulation.
Authors: Wiater Adrian , Pleszczyńska Małgorzata , Rogalski Jerzy , Szajnecka Lucyna , Szczodrak Janusz
Published: March 2019

Extracellular α-(1 → 3)-glucanase (mutanase, EC 3.2.1.84) produced by Trichoderma harzianum CCM F-340 was purified to homogeneity by ultrafiltration followed by ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and final chromatofocusing. The enzyme was recovered with an 18.4-fold increase in specific activity and a yield of 4.3%. Some properties of the α-(1 → 3)-glucanase were investigated. The molecular mass of the enzyme is 67 kDa, as estimated by SDS/PAGE, its isoelectric point 7.1, and the carbohydrate content 3%. The pH and temperature optima are 5.5 and 45°C, respectively. The enzyme is stable over a pH range of 4.5-6.0 and up to 45°C for 1 h. The Km and Vmax under standard assay conditions are 0.73 mg/ml and 11.39 x 10(-2) µmol/min/mg protein, respectively. The enzyme activity is stimulated by addition of Mg(2+) and Na(+), and significantly inhibited by Hg(2+). The α-(1 → 3)-glucanase preparation preferentially catalyzed the hydrolysis of various streptococcal mutans and fungal α-(1 → 3)-glucans. The 20-residue N-terminal sequence of the enzyme is identical with those of other α-(1 → 3)-glucanases from the genus Trichoderma, and highly similar to those from other fungi. The purified α-(1 → 3)-glucanase was effective in preventing artificial dental plaque formation. The easy purification from fermentation broth and high stability, and the effective inhibition of oral biofilm accumulation make this α-(1 → 3)-glucanase highly useful for industrial and medical application.
El concepto de persona como elemento clave de la identidad europea: el caso de la maternidad subrogada
Authors: Lázaro Palau Carmen María
Published: March 2019

El concepto de persona es un elemento clave en la identidad  europea. Sin embargo, este concepto está siendo controvertido a causa de las  divergencias sobre cuestiones bioéticas, entre ellas la gestación subrogada,  de regulación no uniforme y cuyo caso se analiza en particular en este  trabajo. El problema surge cuando un Estado la prohíbe, pero sus nacionales  acuden al Tribunal Europeo de los Derechos Humanos de Estrasburgo con  la finalidad de que el Estado reconozca sus efectos. La contradicción en  los fallos y argumentación del TEDH en los asuntos Labassée c. Francia,  Mennesson c. Francia y Paradisso Campanelli c. Italia exige profundizar de  manera rigurosa en los límites y contenido de los derechos y en la compleja  controversia en la que se hallan involucrados tanto el Derecho público como  privado.Recibido: 02 julio 2018 Aceptado: 10 septiembre 2018 Publicación en línea: 27 febrero 2019
Identidad europea: raíces y alcance
Authors: Espaliú Berdud Carlos
Published: March 2019

El panorama actual en Europa requiere una reflexión urgente sobre si existe una identidad europea o no y sobre las consecuencias que se pueden derivar de las posibles respuestas a esa pregunta. Los integrantes del Grupo de investigación sobre cuestiones fundamentales de la sociedad internacional contemporánea de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, tratamos de dar respuestas a esas cuestiones, junto con un conjunto de profesores de otras universidades españolas y extranjeras a lo largo de dos años. Fruto de esa investigación es este número especial de Cuadernos Europeos de Deusto. Hemos abordado el tema desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar, desde la Filosofía, la Historia y el Derecho. En particular, nos hemos centrado en las raíces de la identidad europea y en el alcance que, una vez determinada la misma, puede tener a la hora de las relaciones en Europa entre personas y grupos de diversas razas, religiones, culturas, etc.Publicación en línea: 27 febrero 2019
La proyección exterior de la identidad europea: Política Comercial Común y condicionalidad en materia de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Julià Barceló Maria
Published: March 2019

Uno de los aspectos distintivos de la actual Unión Europea  —más allá de su concepción como organización económica— es la protección y  promoción de los derechos humanos en su actuación exterior. En aplicación del  mandato establecido en el TUE, en sus relaciones con el resto del mundo, la Unión  contribuye a la protección de los derechos humanos, así como al respeto y desarrollo  del derecho internacional a través de la ejecución de políticas comunes. El Marco  estratégico sobre derechos humanos y democracia establece los principios que  prevén la integración de los derechos humanos en todas las políticas de la Unión. La  política comercial común es uno de los ejes de esta actuación, en particular a través  de dos instrumentos: la cláusula de derechos humanos y democracia—incorporada  en los acuerdos comerciales— y el Sistema de Preferencias Generalizadas  —otorgado a los países en vías de desarrollo—. La base de estos instrumentos es  la condicionalidad, mayoritariamente positiva, destinada a ganar la confianza de  los países terceros e incorporarlos al comercio para mejorar sus economías. Aún  así, estos instrumentos adolecen de ciertos problemas técnicos-jurídicos y políticos, que pueden dificultar una actuación transparente y sin arbitrariedades de la Unión  respecto a la protección de los derechos humanos.  Recibido: 02 julio 2018 Aceptado: 05 septiembre 2018 Publicación en línea: 27 febrero 2019
Los valores y principios británicos como parte de la identidad europea a través del Consejo de Europa
Authors: Mut Bosque Maria
Published: March 2019

La decisión del Reino Unido de abandonar la Unión Europea ha comportado numerosas críticas al Reino Unido por su euroescepticismo. Sin embargo, desde este trabajo argumentaremos que, especialmente, justo después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, el Reino Unido estuvo y continúa estando profundamente comprometido con la unidad europea y su institucionalización. El Reino Unido siempre defendió un modelo institucional de carácter intergubernamental, respetuoso con la soberanía nacional de los estados y acorde con el marco institucional de la comunidad internacional. Este modelo es el que finalmente prosperaría en el Congreso de la Haya y posteriormente, quedaría plasmado en el Consejo de Europa. Además del modelo institucional, el Reino Unido inspiró e impulsó la adopción de principios y valores británicos, intensamente defendidos en la Segunda Guerra Mundial, que hoy forman parte de la identidad europea, como son el parlamentarismo, la democracia o el respeto a los derechos humanos. Asimismo, argumentaremos que Europa es mucho más que la Unión Europea y que otras organizaciones, como el Consejo de Europa realizan una tarea extraordinaria a la hora de impulsar, consolidar e implementar los llamados valores y principios europeos. En este sentido, todos los modelos para una Europa unida son igualmente válidos. No sólo aquellos que defienden el modelo federalista deben ser considerados europeístas, también aquellos que defienden un modelo intergubernamental deben ser considerados europeístas.Recibido: 02 julio 2018 Aceptado: 14 septiembre 2018 Publicación en línea: 27 febrero 2019
Hegel y la idea de Europa
Authors: Moya Ruiz Albert
Published: March 2019

Tal como lo describía Zubiri, Hegel representa «la madurez de Europa». Una madurez que remite a la capacidad de la filosofía hegeliana de responder al latir de su tiempo y de iluminar los aciertos y contradicciones de la modernidad occidental. La idea de Europa en Hegel forma parte de una precisa visión humanística y social que recupera y sintetiza las raíces de la tradición precedente sin limitar sus posibilidades y aperturas de futuro. La reflexión hegeliana sobre la identidad europea oscila así entre la Aufhebung, en tanto superación de las inevitables contradicciones que genera el desarrollo histórico-espiritual de la humanidad, y la Versöhnung, como reconciliación e integración de todos sus éxitos y fracasos anteriores. Una reflexión que, más allá de su acentuado eurocentrismo, impulsa una visión dinámica de Europa que contiene en su interior la tensión entre lo particular y lo universal y que apela a la construcción de una Europa capaz de reconciliar la diversidad en la unidad gracias a su capacidad de autopensarse como proyecto en marcha.Recibido: 02 julio 2018 Aceptado: 05 septiembre 2018 Publicación en línea: 27 febrero 2019
Kształtowanie atrakcyjności architektonicznej małego miasta – na przykładzie obwodu lwowskiego (Ukraina)
Authors: Dyda Oleksandra , Rochmińska Agnieszka
Published: March 2019

Artykuł poświęcony jest problemowi kształtowania środowiska architektonicznego małych miast położonych w obwodzie lwowskim (Ukraina). Zostały w nim określone najważniejsze cechy przestrzenne badanych miejscowości oraz ich znaczenie w kształtowaniu atrakcyjności architektonicznej poszczególnych miast i regionu. W artykule zdefiniowano zjawisko atrakcyjności architektonicznej. W tym artykule najistotniejszą rzeczą jest zaprezentowanie autorskiej metody określania możliwych kierunków rozwoju atrakcyjności architektonicznej małych miast.
Cultural and religious attitude to banking in the great world religions
Authors: Kurkliński Lech
Published: March 2019

The article examines the attitude of the great world religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Confucianism) toward the world of finance, including banking. The issue of usury plays a key role in the evolution of ethical aspects related to obtaining compensation for money lending. The presented analysis also focuses on other aspects of banking activities, such as saving, investing and the institutional development of the banking sector. The author underlines the far-reaching convergence between the religions in this area, in spite of the considerable variation in historical and geographical conditions of their formation. The importance of cultural (religious) differences, including some fundamental nuances that affect the banking management in different regions. For successful development, large multinational corporations have to take into consideration the above-mentioned circumstances, regardless of the globalisation processes.
The economic ethics of Calvinism. The reconciliation of piety and wealth
Authors: Chmielewska Lucyna
Published: March 2019

The doctrine of predestination in the Lutheran and Calvinist theology, along with the assumption of a radical separation of nature and grace as well as the material and spiritual realm, had a significant impact on social life. The salvation of the soul, the soteriological dimension of human destiny, remained dependent on the grace of God (predestination), undeserved and unfathomable. The earthly reality, the institution of the Church and good works could in no way contribute to the salvation of the soul. Martin Luther, especially at the initial stage of his reformation activities, focused on private spirituality, considering the earthly dimension of reality to be the domain of the secular power. John Calvin and his successors justified in their teachings a different attitude manifested in the interest in the earthly world based on religious ethics. The doctrine of predestination, therefore, did not result in, as one would expect, quietism but in activism. The Calvinists believed that predestination was not manifested in single good deeds but in a certain methodology of systematised life based on religious ethics. Religiousness was supposed to be expressed through activity in the world and was meant to show the glory of its Creator. Work, thrift and honesty were supposed to lead to the rebirth, i.e. “sanctification” of the world, and were the essence of what Max Weber called the spirit of capitalism. Calvinism led to changes in the approach to such economic issues as money lending at interest, work or enrichment.
The meritocracy or “responsibility elite”? An evangelical approach to the issue of social elites
Authors: Kopiec Piotr
Published: March 2019

The notion of meritocracy is among the keywords used to describe the contemporary world. Increasingly, it has become a central concept of an order with globalization and the impact of free-market philosophy on society and culture as the main factors. The concept of meritocracy examines the nature of elites. On the one hand, meritocratic elites come from groups selected for their merits and competences; on the other hand, they avoid their responsibility towards society and culture. Amongst many counterproposals, it seems worthwhile to present the evangelical concept of elites embedded in evangelical social teaching. Evangelical theology introduces the idea of responsibility elites in its social discourse. According to evangelical theologians, in order to overcome the growing social, economic and cultural crisis of today, it might be necessary to rehabilitate the notion of the common good. Considered from a sociological and a theological standpoint, responsibility elites play a significant role in spreading the concept of the common good. The article presents theological guidelines for evangelical teachings on elites as well as evangelical proposals concerning the subject matter, collating them with a comprehensive assessment of meritocratic elites.
The crisis of social market economy in the context of globalisation processes
Authors: Dylus Aniela
Published: March 2019

In the context of globalisation processes, the social market economy (SME) is in crisis. A reflection on the features of this model is closely related to the scientific dispute over its designation. It could be perceived as a theory, a political programme, a sort of economic order, a structure, a model or a system of economic and social development. Sometimes it is perceived as an idealistic vision or even a political utopia (Niklas Luhmann). Others (e.g.: Peter Koslowski) argue that this system has come to an end. To support this thesis, they refer to various arguments: a lack of consensus on redistribution, a demographic crisis, the depletion of solidarity resources, an intergenerational imbalance that threatens retirement systems and many others. Despite the range of these arguments, it appears that the SME still has a certain potential that could be freed. Combating difficulties associated with globalisation processes, such as the dominance of the economy over politics, ‘tax starvation’ of the welfare state, marginalisation of trade unions, dispersion of ownership and its detachment from responsibility, “financialisation” of economy, or dominance of ‘casino capitalism’, could help to heal the SME. The crisis in financial markets might be paradoxically an opportunity to return to the ethical foundations of the SME.
Social economy as a new challenge
Authors: Filek Janina
Published: March 2019

The article discusses the concept of the social economy. In the first part, some essential historical sources of the subject matter are described. The second part deals with the concept of social economy, taking into special consideration its definitional problems, founding values and characteristic principles as well as the dilemmas and difficulties connected with its implementation.
The phenomenon of the precariat in the Polish labour market during Poland’s membership in the European Union
Authors: Cymbranowicz Katarzyna
Published: March 2019

Studies of the scale of unemployment in Poland and in Europe conducted in recent years lead to the conclusion that one of the largest and growing problems of the modern labour market is the unemployment rate among young people. An unfavourable phenomenon related to this issue, which is increasingly often appearing in public debate, is the rising unemployment of graduates. Therefore, it is important to attempt to identify related phenomena in today’s job market, and one of such phenomena is the emergence of a new type of employee in the labour market, a member of the precarious class. The analysis aims to present the origins, nature and scale of the precariat phenomenon in Poland. The issue is described from the perspective of the labour market position of a selected social group, i.e. young people entering the labour market after finishing their education. The study attempted to identify factors that affect this phenomenon and the characteristics confirming the sense of its separateness in the labour market.
Circe and Rome. The Origin of the Legend
Authors: Zalewska-Jura Hanna
Published: March 2019

Circe is associated first of all with the episode narrated in the 10th book of the Odyssey, in which she turns Odysseus’s crewmen into pigs using her herbal pharmaka. Odysseus survives due to divine help, his inborn cleverness, and the miraculous herb moly. The fairy-tale theme of the spells of Circe, clearly showing its folk provenance, got entrenched in ancient literature: featured most often in poems of playful content, Circe symbolized the power to subjugate male souls and bodies. From the Hellenistic era to the Byzantine times, however, Circe is mentioned in scholarly works – in the context of the history of Roman Italy. The aim of the present article is, first of all, to analyse the Greek-language source texts and show the ways in which ancient authors managed to connect a character from a folk fairy tale – intrinsically different in form and not identifiable with any heroic myth – with the prehistory of Roman Italy, and even place her among the ancestors of Rome. The considerations also allow us to identify some of the mechanisms of the creation and functioning of the legend as a cultural phenomenon of the ancient world.
Berichus and the Evidence for Aspar’s Political Power and Aims in the Last Years of Theodosius II’s Reign
Authors: Pigoński Łukasz
Published: March 2019

The article examines Priscus’s account of the conflict that emerged between the leader of the Roman embassy, Maximinus, and the Hunnic envoy, Berichus. The barbarian got offended by the remarks concerning the lack of competence and influence of Aspar and Areobindus. A detailed analysis of this short passage – entailing the persona of Berichus himself, the reasons for his anger, and the possible explanations for Maximinus’s behaviour – can provide us with evidence regarding the political position of Aspar in the last years of the reign of Theodosius II. Most scholars use this example to illustrate Aspar’s falling out of favour and power; it is more likely, however, that the situation was actually more complex. The political struggle between Chrysaphius, a proponent of the policy of reconciliation with the Huns, and Zeno, the opponent of such policies, makes it far more probable that the government feared that their diplomatic effort might be hijacked by the opposing faction. Therefore, it was political differences – and not the failures in the war of 447 – that were the reason for Aspar’s falling out with the emperor. This would also mean that Zeno and Aspar shared similar views on how to solve the Hunnic problem, which would be the basis for their cooperation, resulting in the overthrowing of Chrysaphius and the crowning of Marcian in 450.
Zofia A. Brzozowska, Mirosław J. Leszka, Maria Lekapene, Empress of the Bulgarians. Neither a Saint nor a Malefactress, translated by M. Majer, A. Mękarski, M. Zytka, Łódź University Press, Jagiellonian University Press, Łódź–Kraków 2017 [= Byzantina Lodziensia, 36], pp. VII, 226.
Authors: Kotłowska Anna
Published: March 2019

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Masa Depan dan Problem Metodologi Studi Islam
Authors: Minhaji Akh.
Published: March 2019

The debate over Islamic law is more dominated by practical issues (fiqh) and very rarely touches on theoretical or methodological issues (usul al-fiqh), no exception concerning gender issues. This paper discusses the methodology of Islamic jurisprudence to use as a basis for examining Islamic legal issues. The discussion presents the nuance of a shift in values which in turn demands evaluation of ushul al-fiqh thought. Basically, it is realized that there has been a shift in values that affect the ummah in looking at the problems faced. This influence occurs not only on the practical level but also at the paradigm used in viewing reality. The change in values requires an evaluation of the heritage of the religious study model. Without evaluation efforts, it can be ascertained that ushul al-fiqh increasingly has no place in the debate over the methodology of religious studies. It is the symptom existing today which is also a challenge for those pursuing Islamic law studies. What is stated in this paper is the first step to uncover the stagnation and vacuum of thinking in the field of ushul al-fiqh.
Bahasa: Antara Pikiran dan Tindakan
Authors: Rahardjo Mudjia
Published: March 2019

Language, idea and action are closely related. It starts from cultivating an idea expressed in a language which creates an action. In certain extent, however, language does not perfectly picture what we think, feel and understand As a result, what we express in language is not necessarily the same as what we expect. This might create misunderstandings. From this point of view, language doesn't merely consist of words constructed in certain patterns suitable with certain grammatical rules, but language should also deliver the intended message.
Wanita Karir dan Problem Pendidikan Anak
Authors: Yasin A. Fatah
Published: March 2019

Interaction is perceived as an important need to create a harmonious family. Every person is equipped with the capability to interact with other but not many are able to have good interactions with others. People commonly think that a family with a career woman mother does not have sufficient good interactions. This paper shows, however, that  career women family can have more conducive environment to obtain a good interaction. It shows that the career woman  mother is able to create intensive qualified interactions among the family members.
Studi Tentang Sensitivitas Gender
Authors: Sumbulah Umi
Published: March 2019

Gender currently becomes a heated-discussed issue. It is often misinterpreted by people. People commonly do not realize ·whether they keep an opinion and do something by considering gender justice. It happens a result of insufficient sensitivity on gender. This research explored how the UIIS teachers' attitude and sensitivity toward gender, which influenced their attitudes toward gender equality both in domestic roles or a social context. The result showed that the sensitivity was considered insufficient. Some efforts should be done to overcome this. Regular and temporal programs should be simultaneously done to increase their sensitivity toward gender equality.
Prospek Bank Syari'ah Studi Pendahuluan Pandangan Mahasiswa STAIN Malang
Authors: Djakfar Muhammad
Published: March 2019

This research is to describe the students' opinion on shariah banks in Malang. In this qualitative research, in-depth interview and documentary analysis were used to obtain the needed data. The findings showed that (I) the shariah banks were not sufficiently socialized, (2) the respondents stated that the system applied by the shariah banks were not different from the conventional ones, (3) the respondent supported the existence of these syariah banks as these syariah banks were intended to apply Islamic principles. The three opinions were determined by the respondents' social interaction, advertisement of bank, or academic activities (seminar, workshop, etc) which offered the relevant topics on syariah banks.
Kebijakan Kriminal Di Bidang Konservasi Keanekaragaman Hayati
Authors: Saifullah Saifullah
Published: March 2019

The study is aimed at analyzing the implementation and the perspectives of criminal policies in the field of biodiversity conservation. Reevaluation on penal policies is focused on five concepts. Therefore, it is necesarry to recheck the terminology of flora and fauna using a method of categorizing for all flora and fauna becoming the results of the real development in the field in relation to the category standard of IUCN using the final version of 1994 or CITES Appendix,. Non penal policies which have been applied by the program organizers are adapted to the data field through PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) studies. Reevaluation on non penal policies have been elaborated in details in both two programs Reevaluation mentioned above is useful for constructing perspective by considering the recommendation on criminal policies in the United Nations Congress: CITES, KTT Land Document in Rio de Janeiro 1992, and Global Biodiversity Strategies of 1992, national conferences for experts of criminal laws of natural environment and comparative study in criminal policies on natural environment in other countries. The theoretical and practical contributions of criminal policies in biodiversity conservation are valued as a paradigm in the contexts of: (1) the effects of internal and external affairs based on democracy principles on the existence of criminal policy, (2) the position of criminal policy in the paradigm of law reformation in Indonesia.