bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different Detection, Quantification, and Inhibition Techniques for Aflatoxin Content in Food, Crop, and Feed
Authors: Puttaswamy Nethra
Published: February 2025

Aspergillus flavus is a soil-borne fungi, found commonly in tropical and subtropical climates. The most common crops infected by Aspergillus flavus during the growing period are maize, groundnut, chili, cottonseed, etc. Improper management of the crops during the growing period leads to the contamination of the fungi. These fungi release aflatoxins, which are furanocoumarin-derived compounds and among the most potent mycotoxins contaminating field crops. Various studies were conducted for the detection and decontamination of aflatoxin from the food, crop, or feed, and also various management strategies were adopted to overcome aflatoxin contamination by eliminating fungus. But all these strategies were restricted only for detecting and reducing aflatoxin contamination. Modern approaches including genomic and metabolomic studies have been utilized to explore the molecular mechanisms of resistance to aflatoxin contamination. Recently, the rapid development of emerging nanotechnology scaled up its dimension of thinking toward the application of various types of nanomaterials for the detection and elimination of aflatoxin contents. One important application is the development of nanosensors, which further helped to improve its sensitivity. Many nanomaterials have been extensively applied in antifungal, aflatoxin adsorption, inhibition, and detoxification process. Hence, nanotechnology in the future could be an important tool for eliminating aflatoxin contamination in various commodities.
New Nicotine Delivery Devices and Their Role in Smoking Cessation and Tobacco Harm Reduction Strategies
Authors: Ramon-Torrell Josep M.
Published: February 2025

Tobacco use is the leading risk factor for diseases with the highest incidence and mortality rates. Tobacco control policies addressing the main determinants of tobacco consumption, alongside traditional smoking cessation methods, have generally shown poor results, with relatively low cessation rates worldwide. For these reasons, it is crucial to adopt innovative strategies for smoking cessation while implementing changes in policies to reduce prevalence. The emergence of new nicotine delivery devices, which are less harmful than conventional tobacco, could potentially improve cessation rates and reduce the population-level impact of tobacco use. New nicotine delivery devices, such as electronic cigarettes, heated tobacco products, and nicotine pouches, offer innovative alternatives. A common feature among these devices is that none produce toxic components in amounts comparable to those found in conventional combustible tobacco smoke. Although the regulatory and safety aspects of these devices are still under debate by authorities worldwide, they have demonstrated effectiveness in population-level smoking cessation. Their role in reducing the harms of tobacco use is increasingly recognized in tobacco control policies. Integrating these new nicotine delivery devices into existing smoking cessation programs using standardized interventions may help address some challenges and explore new combinations that could prove more effective than current treatments.
Nanoengineered Microneedles: A Versatile Targeted Delivery System for Theragnostic Applications
Authors: Singh Mansi , Shukla Rahul
Published: February 2025

Microneedles (MNs) have been used as active drug delivery carriers by precisely delivering drugs to the targeted site along with minimal tissue destruction. Earlier, MNs were used for the delivery of drugs to the transdermal site; now they are used as drug delivery carriers to the solid tumor site, mucosal, ophthalmic, and other organ site-specific drug delivery. MNs are considered a boon for trans-barrier delivery because other drug delivery routes, such as systemic and parenteral, face challenges by limiting the optimum amount of drug reaching the skin or other barrier-containing organs. Hence, MN-mediated drug delivery enhances permeation and improves brain and transdermal delivery of drugs by ciliary nasal clearance and crossing the nasal barrier. The current book chapter mainly focuses on the recent advancements in the area of MN-based drug delivery carriers into various parts of the body, their theragnostic applications, mainly the organs containing barriers, and encounters with delivery challenges has been discussed. Also, the comprehensive overview of MN types, fabrication polymers, mechanisms of drug release, effectiveness, and advantages over conventional delivery systems have been summarized.
New Era of the Peri-Implant Diseases
Authors: W. Chang Jae
Published: February 2025

The advent of “peri-implant diseases” marks a significant challenge in modern dentistry, arising as an inevitable consequence of the widespread integration of dental implants into routine dental care. The enigmatic issue is that dental implants became widely accessible to clinicians without the support of comprehensive training/education. From single implant crowns to full-arch prosthetics, the full spectrum of complexities in managing peri-implant tissues as a distinct disease entity remains a subject of evolving understanding. Due to the development of technology and media, there are suspected phenomena of ‘minimizing gaps’ between a non-specialized and a specialized clinician with years of full-time training. Although debates may exist regarding the clinical qualifications of different tiers of practitioners, the ultimate measure of success lies in patient outcomes. Patients bear the burden of experiencing both short- or long-term successes and failures, often intertwined with significant financial considerations. This may explain the growing demand to establish standardized credentials or distinctions, such as diplomate status, to recognize advanced expertise and ensure quality care. However, the question still remains whether such measures are sufficient to protect not only the public but also the clinicians. The current state of contemporary implant dentistry may not align with the optimistic portrayal often promoted by industry leaders. These industrial leaders focus on shaping public perception and leveraging marketing strategies to drive demand. What transpires subsequently? Is it genuinely a tale of sustained prosperity, or does it uncover more intricate results? This chapter seeks to examine the nascent “New Era of Peri-Implant Diseases.
Biofilm Disinfection in Medical Devices
Authors: Osono Eiichi , Morita Rimpei
Published: February 2025

We evaluated the disinfection of biofilms in the fluid piping of dialysis equipment, focusing on Methylobacterium radiotolerance. Using a Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) biofilm reactor, we analyzed the disinfection effects of chemical and physical disinfectants based on concentration and reaction time. Sodium hypochlorite showed dose-dependent disinfection, achieving a log reduction value (LRV) of 4 at 1000 ppm in 10 minutes, while lower concentrations also achieved similar values over longer periods, 6 hours. The bactericidal effect of peracetic acid correlated with its concentration, reaching an LRV of 6 within 10 minutes in certain products. Hot water at 80°C for 2 minutes also proved effective. Ozone and hydrogen peroxide were less effective; however, they had the advantage of decomposing quickly and returning to water. This study highlights the importance of daily disinfection to maintain dialysis equipment, providing scientific evidence through cleanliness for a practical approach to sustain patient care.
Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Prostate Cancer: Current Insight and Perspective
Authors: Olga Raboshakga Mafewu , Duy Do Anh , Kurniawati Ida , Hsieh Chia-Ling , Sung Shian-Ying
Published: February 2025

Advanced prostate cancer is distinguished by substantial heterogeneity and intricacy, which present challenges in devising effective treatment strategies. The genetic landscape of prostate cancer is frequently altered, contributing to the development of resistance to conventional therapies and exacerbating systemic toxicity. These challenges necessitate more targeted and efficacious therapeutic modalities. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to possess unique therapeutic properties and prostate tumor-homing potential. MSC-derived exosomes reflect the molecular composition and biological capabilities of their parent cells. These nanovesicles have emerged as a promising platform for drug delivery systems due to their biocompatibility and inherent ability to traffic bioactive molecules. Modification of exosomes by loading them with a therapeutic agent or incorporating surface modifications for targeted delivery further enhances the precision of therapy, enabling direct delivery to prostate cancer cells while minimizing off-target effects. Herein, we review the therapeutic effects of naïve MSC-derived exosomes in prostate cancer. Furthermore, we explore prostate cancer-specific exosome modifications, emphasizing targeted delivery and cargo-loading strategies, with particular focus on their emerging roles in gene therapy, sonodynamic therapy, vaccine-based exosome therapeutics, and potential clinical applications.
Extracellular Vesicles in Hematological Malignancies
Authors: Zuberi Samir , Khalife Jihane
Published: February 2025

Tumor-derived exosomes mirror the type and state of the cell of origin, and therefore represent specific pathogenic roles, therapeutic targets, and biomarkers of prognosis, drug resistance, and minimum residual disease. Because of their abundance in biological fluids and protection of their cargo from degradation, much of the translational exosome research revolves around finding biomarkers that can be used as precise diagnostic and prognostic tools in minimally invasive liquid biopsies, which is a particularly important in the context of minimal residual disease states and in cases where traditional solid biopsies are unavailable. Furthermore, in hematologic malignancies, exosomes play many pathogenic roles including remodeling their microenvironment, recruiting cancer supporting cells, facilitating drug resistance, and immunomodulation. This work will focus on two main aspects of exosomes in the most prevalent leukemias, myelomas, and lymphomas: the role of exosomes in pathogenesis and the use of exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The roles and employment of exosomes hold true throughout the breadth of hematologic malignancies even though their specific cargo or biomarkers may vary between the cancer types.
The H.O.T. Box as a Metacognitive Tool: Insights into Effectively Fostering Formal Explicit Theory in the Physics Classroom
Authors: Rajcoomar Ronesh
Published: February 2025

This research analysed the use of the Higher Order Thinking Box (H.O.T. Box) model to promote metacognition in terms of the formal, explicit theory within a National 6 Scottish physics classroom. The action research study found that the model intertwined cognitive and metacognitive thinking within a psychosocial setting, initiated the teacher-expert approach, allowed feedback, encouraged differentiation of meta-tasks, and promoted independent learning. The formal explicit model led learners to gain a deeper understanding of content and improve problem-solving skills. However, the factors of time, effort, and lack of reward led to some learners not to use the model regularly.
Electromagnetic Self-Piercing Riveting of 1.5 GPa Hot Stamping Boron Steel and Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Kim Min-Seok , Park Min-Woo , Lee Jung-Hyun , Shim Ji-Yeon
Published: February 2025

In recent years, the automotive industry has focused on developing dissimilar material joining technologies to achieve both lightweight structures and high strength. Particularly, 1.5 GPa grade hot-stamped steel (22MnB5) and aluminum alloys have gained attention due to their excellent mechanical properties, necessitating the selection of suitable processes for their application in automotive component manufacturing. A representative fastening process is Self-Piercing Riveting (SPR), which applies high fastening force to a rivet, enabling it to pierce the upper material and plastically deform the lower material. This process provides high-quality joints, improved fatigue behavior, and is recognized as an environmentally friendly process. Lately, for ultra-high strength materials, Electromagnetic Self-Piercing Riveting (E-SPR) has been studied. E-SPR operates on principles similar to SPR but uses electromagnetic forces to drive the punch at significantly higher velocity, allowing for faster and more efficient joining. This process can concentrate fastening forces, resulting in improved joint quality for high-strength materials. This study aimed to achieve high-quality E-SPR joints between 1.5 GPa grade hot-stamped steel and aluminum alloys without any assistant process. In order to carry this out, the effects of rivet and die geometries on joint quality were analyzed, and suitable configurations were selected. For the selected rivet and die, the study examined the effect of charging energy on joint quality in terms of cross-sectional dimensions and tensile shear load. Based on these results, HD3-type rivet, FM-type (flat) die, and 8.5 kJ charge energy were selected as the optimal process values for 1.5 GPa grade hot-stamped steel and 5052-H32 aluminum alloy.
Arquitectura e impacto ambiental : el proyecto como método
Authors: Valor Montero Jaume
Published: February 2025

Este libro propone un método sencillo para incorporar los condicionantes ambientales al proyecto de arquitectura desde su inicio, establecer los objetivos ambientales y las estrategias para alcanzarlos. Asimismo, proporciona orientaciones sobre cómo evaluar de forma sencilla e intuitiva el impacto de las soluciones ambientales en cuanto a eficiencia energética, reducción de recursos no renovables o impacto sobre la salud de los usuarios. El método propuesto quiere ser útil tanto para los arquitectos en formación como para los que, ejerciendo ya la profesión, no disponen de un procedimiento que minimice el impacto ambiental de sus decisiones proyectuales.
PERAN RELASI FIQH DAN MORAL KESANTRIAN DALAM PEMBERANTASAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL DI PESANTREN
Authors: Rifqi Qonita Hulwana  , Riyadi Muhammad , Abdullah Faqih
Published: February 2025

AbstrakPenelitian ini mengkaji hubungan antara fiqh dan moral kesantrian dalam menangani kekerasan seksual dipesantren. Tujuannya memahami pandangan fiqh terhadap kekerasan seksual, respons hukum Islam, sertastrategi pemberantasan dan rehabilitasi pelaku maupun korban. Penelitian ini menggunkan metode studikepustakaan dengan pendekatan fenomenologis digunakan untuk memahami fenomena kekerasan secarakomprehensif, serta pendekatan konseptual memakai konsep fiqh dan moralitas sebagai alat analisis. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan kekerasan seksual dikategorikan sebagai jarimah dalam fiqh, dengan hukumanberdasarkan intensitas kasus, dari hudud, qishash, hingga ta’zir. Pelaku di pesantren harus dihukum sesuaikonstitusi tanpa merugikan nama baik pesantren atau keluarga. Fiqh menekankan rehabilitasi melaluiperlindungan individu, pemulihan korban, dan penanganan pelaku. Prinsip moral kesantrian menitikberatkanpembentukan karakter melalui ajaran agama, nilai kasih sayang, dan tanggung jawab sosial. Pesantrenberperan sebagai benteng moral untuk mencegah kekerasan dan menciptakan lingkungan aman.Kata Kunci: Fiqh, Kekerasan Seksual, Moral Kesantrian.
AbstractThis study examines the relationship between fiqh and the morality of Islamic boarding school(pesantren) students in addressing sexual violence within pesantren, aiming to understand theperspective of fiqh on sexual violence, the response of Islamic law, and strategies for eradicating andrehabilitating both perpetrators and victims. Employing a library research method with aphenomenological approach to comprehensively understand the phenomenon of sexual violence, italso utilizes a conceptual approach with fiqh and morality as analytical tools. The findings indicatethat sexual violence is categorized as jarimah in fiqh, with punishments varying based on the severityof the case, ranging from hudud, qishash, to ta'zir, and perpetrators within pesantren should bepunished in accordance with the constitution while ensuring the pesantren's and families' reputationsremain intact. Fiqh emphasizes rehabilitation through individual protection, victim recovery, andoffender management, while the moral principles of pesantren focus on character building throughreligious teachings, values of compassion, and social responsibility, positioning pesantren as moralfortresses to prevent sexual violence and create a safe environment.Keywords: Fiqh, Sexual Violence, Santri Morality.
PERAN EKONOMI ISLAM DALAM PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN DAN PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI UMMAT
Authors: Mundir Ahmad , Rosidi M. Imron , Setianingrum Nurul , Anggitaningsih Retna
Published: February 2025

Kemiskinan merupakan masalah sosial yang kompleks dan menjadi tantangan serius bagi negara-negara dengan mayoritas penduduk Muslim. Ekonomi Islam menawarkan pendekatan yang berlandaskan nilai-nilai keadilan sosial, solidaritas, dan etika untuk mengatasi persoalan ini. Di tengah ketidakstabilan ekonomi global yang menyebabkan lembaga-lembaga keuangan konvensional mengalami kegagalan, ekonomi Islam justru semakin menunjukkan eksistensinya dengan pertumbuhan yang signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran ekonomi Islam dalam mengentaskan kemiskinan dan memberdayakan ekonomi umat. Berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip yang ditetapkan dalam Al-Quran, studi ini mengeksplorasi konsep pemberdayaan melalui dua pendekatan utama: rehabilitasi sosial dan pengembangan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan ekonomi Islam memiliki potensi untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan kaum fakir miskin melalui mekanisme pemberdayaan yang lebih adil dan berkelanjutan.
Intercultural Dialogues in Medieval Philosophy: Maimonides on Balancing Individual and Societal Responsibilities
Authors: Hoch Liron ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2025

This article explores Maimonides' philosophy, focusing on his innovative integration of Socratic and Platonic ideals through what will be referred to as Maimonides' Dual Allegiance. By examining how Maimonides reconciles individual enlightenment with social responsibility, the study sheds light on his distinctive approach. It presents a comparative analysis of Maimonides and medieval philosophers like Al-Farabi, Ibn Bajja, Ibn Tufail, and Ibn Rushd, highlighting Maimonides' unique stance on balancing personal and communal duties. Additionally, the article connects Maimonides’ philosophical concepts to contemporary issues such as leadership and ethics, demonstrating their relevance in today's context. Through a detailed examination of his “Eight Chapters” and allegorical interpretations of biblical texts, the study provides fresh insights into Maimonides' views on intellectual and ethical development. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of Maimonides’ thought and its practical applications, bridging historical philosophy with modern challenges.
Carl Schmitt and the Question of World Unity
Authors: Rusta Ledian , Aliaj Damiano ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2025

In The Concept of the Political, Carl Schmitt excludes the possibility of a World State from the perspective of the structure of the political. As a fundamental category in which all political phenomena can be resolved, at its core stands friend-enemy antagonism. The concept implies a decision regarding the enemy, and therefore, about the state of exception and sovereignty. A world State, according to Schmitt, not only excludes the enemy, which in its human form is included in the planetary ordering of humanity, but it eradicates the political as political. Nevertheless, in The Nomos of the Earth, the changing global spaces and political orders determine the end of the classical concept of the enemy and, as a result, the modern State. Keeping current global events in mind, the paper aims to evaluate Carl Schmitt's thought on the possibility of a politically unified world in geopolitical dynamics that appear to announce a new nomos of the Earth as a multipolarity of superpowers. Faced with the political future of humanity, which manifests itself as a pluriverse, an inquiry into the concept of the political might help us grasp the orderings and localizations of contemporary nomos.
SINERGITAS GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DAN WAKA HUMAS DALAM MEMBANGUN CITRA MADRASAH
Authors: Fashi Hatul Lisaniyah  , Cholifah
Published: February 2025

To create a positive image of the madrasah, the role of public relations is very necessary, apart from that, collaboration with Islamic religious education teachers is very necessary, because Islamic religious education teachers also play a role in improving the image of the madrasah. through character building, and developing students' interests and talents, and from these two roles it can increase public trust in educational institutions. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study type of research. Data validation uses triangulation (source triangulation, technique triangulation, and time triangulation). The synergy between Islamic religious education teachers and the head of public relations in building the image of the madrasa at MTs Salafiyah Kerek includes mutual communication and coordination. The impact of the synergy between Islamic religious education teachers and the head of public relations in building the image of the madrasa at MTs Salafiyah Kerek for the school, namely coaching and forming student character, increasing the number of students, and increasing student achievement. The impact on society is that it attracts people's interest in sending their children to MTs Salafiyah Kerek.
THE INOVASI MODEL-MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB
Authors: Ramadhani Rahma , Taufik
Published: February 2025

Innovation is an important process for human progress in various fields. By innovating, we can create something new and better, and solve problems faced by humans. In a learning system, implementing innovation is something that is emphasized or required. Because with innovation in learning it will be more meaningful and enjoyable for students so that effective and efficient learning can be created. Effective learning models include those based on individual and differentiated approaches, based on Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and based on active and creative approaches. Teachers need to choose a learning model that is appropriate to the learning objectives so that students can achieve their maximum learning potential. Innovation in Arabic language learning models is an important effort to improve the quality of learning and student learning outcomes.
Pemikiran Imam Nawawi terhadap Pendidikan Indonesia
Authors: Khoir Mulyanto Abdullah , Hadiwijaya Lalu Firman
Published: February 2025

This research examines the relevance of Imam Nawawi's educational thoughts in the context of contemporary Indonesian education. Through a qualitative approach with library research methods, this study analyzes Imam Nawawi's holistic educational concept that integrates intellectual, spiritual, and social dimensions. The results indicate that Imam Nawawi's thoughts have significant relevance in developing the national education system, particularly in character formation and integrating traditional values with modern demands. The implementation of Imam Nawawi's educational principles in contemporary learning has proven to enhance not only academic achievement but also students' spiritual maturity. Digital transformation in education can be effectively integrated with the fundamental values of Imam Nawawi's thoughts, creating a comprehensive learning model that adapts to contemporary developments. This research provides theoretical and practical contributions to developing an educational system that combines traditional values with modern educational needs.
Konsep PAUD dalam Quran dan Hadist
Authors: Mujahid Kasori , Hadiwijaya Lalu Firman
Published: February 2025

Early childhood education (ECE) from an Islamic perspective has a strong foundation in the Quran and Hadith. This study aims to comprehensively examine the concept of ECE in these two primary sources of Islamic teachings and its implications for contemporary educational practices. Using a literature review method with a qualitative approach, this research analyzes Quranic verses, Hadith, and related literature to identify the fundamental principles of early childhood education in Islam. The findings reveal that the concept of ECE in the Quran and Hadith is built upon three main pillars: tawhid (monotheism), akhlaq (morality), and ilm (knowledge), with educational methodologies including uswah (modeling), tadarruj (gradualism), hiwar (dialogue), qishshah (storytelling), and mumārasah (practice). The implementation of this concept in modern ECE settings shows significant improvements in spiritual-moral development (72%), socio-emotional development (67%), and language development (56%). These findings confirm the relevance and effectiveness of a Quran and Hadith-based approach in developing contemporary ECE programs.
Analisis Rasio Keuangan dalam Menilai Kinerja Perusahaan pada PT. Buyung Poetra Sembada Tbk
Authors: Parlindungan Edison , Hadi Purnama  , Rimadianto  , Nova Nilakrisma Nasution
Published: February 2025

Laporan keuangan berfungsi sebagai alat informasi yang menghubungkan perusahaan dengan pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan, yang menunjukkan kondisi kesehatan keuangan perusahaan dan kinerja perusahaan. Analisis atas laporan keuangan dapat dijadikan alat dalam menilai kinerja perusahaan dengan menggunakan rasio keuangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja dari PT. Buyung Poetra Sembada Tbk periode 2020, 2021, dan 2022 melalui rasio likuiditas, solvabilitas, aktivitas, dan profitabilitas. Penulis menggunakan studi pustaka dalam metode penelitian ini. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan dan analisis rasio keuangan menunjukkan bahwa kondisi Perusahaan tidak sepenuhnya baik. Dilihat dari rasio likuiditas, solvabilitas, aktivitas, dan profitabilitas, perusahaan harus lebih efektif dan efisien dalam mengelola aktivanya terutama pada piutang, persediaan, dan aset tetap untuk meningkatkan tingkat penjualan dan laba bersih yang diperoleh.
How Product Quality and Price Drive Repurchase Decisions: The Mediating Role of Consumer Satisfaction
Authors: Ramadhina Alifa , Muslikh
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of item quality and cost on repurchase decisions for L’Oréal products on Shopee, with buyer satisfaction as an intervening variable. Using purposive sampling, a non-probability sampling technique, data was collected through surveys. The study employs the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method for analysis. The findings indicate that: (1) Item quality has a positive and significant effect on buyer satisfaction. (2) Cost positively and significantly influences shopper satisfaction. (3) Shopper satisfaction positively impacts repurchase decisions. (4) Item quality directly influences repurchase decisions. (5) Cost does not directly affect repurchase decisions. (6) Item quality mediates the relationship between shopper satisfaction and repurchase decisions. (7) Cost also acts as a mediator between shopper satisfaction and repurchase decisions. From a managerial perspective, these findings highlight the importance of improving product quality and setting competitive prices to enhance buyer satisfaction, ultimately encouraging repeat purchases. Companies should focus on product development and strategic pricing to strengthen customer loyalty and drive sales growth.
Lichen Sebagai Bioindikator Kualitas Udara di Wonosalam dan Krian
Authors: Firza Waliyyani Rimanda
Published: February 2025

Pencemaran udara menjadi masalah serius di Indonesia akibat peningkatan aktivitas industri, transportasi, dan urbanisasi. Kualitas udara mempengaruhi keanekaragaman lichen yang dapat digunakan sebagai bioindikator lingkungan. . Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui tingkat pencemaran udara dengan menggunakan bioindikator lichen. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara eksploratif dengan teknik transek sejauh 50 meter di dua lokasi: Sumber Gintungan dan Sentra Industri Tahu Tropodo. Setiap lokasi memiliki 4 stasiun, dengan 5 pohon berdiameter batang >10 cm dan ketinggian 150-200 cm dari tanah diamati per stasiun. Data dianalisis menggunakan Indeks Shannon-Wiener, Indeks Kelimpahan, dan faktor abiotik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan di Sumber Gintungan didominasi oleh lichen jenis foliose yang menandakan kualitas udara baik, sedangkan di Sentra Industri Tahu didominasi crustose yang menandakan kualitas udara kurang baik. Bioindikator lichen efektif untuk mengukur kualitas udara suatu lokasi. Untuk memperoleh data yang lebih representatif, penelitian harus dilakukan di lebih banyak lokasi dengan berbagai macam musim dan watktu yang lebih lama.
Molecular diagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni: a literature review
Authors: Pires Eduardo Henrique Matos , Costa Natália Adriely Ribeiro da Silva , Nascimento Wheverton Ricardo Correia do , Barbosa Júnior Walter Lins , Gomes Elainne Christine de Souza
Published: February 2025

Schistosomiasis is a neglected disease caused by trematodes of the genus Schistosoma. The molecular diagnosis of the disease is based on the use of molecular biology as a diagnostic tool. This work aimed to carry out an integrative review of the literature, searching for published works that used molecular biology to diagnose human populations affected by schistosomiasis mansoni. Of the selected articles, those that used fecal samples had sensitivity greater than 12% and specificity greater than 29%, while the sensitivity of studies that used urine in general was greater than 5% with specificities greater than 14%. Studies that used serum samples showed sensitivities of 13.9% to 96.3%, with a specificity above 98%. Thus, the study highlights the potential of using molecular biology as an alternative for diagnosing schistosomiasis mansoni in several areas with different levels of endemicity.
In vitro antioxidant and anticholinesterase screening of five plant species collected from the Discovery Coast, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Lima Luciano da Silva , Pereira Géssica Carvalho , Cruz Hênia Joelia Magalhâes , Leite André Búrigo , Costa Jorge Antônio Silva , Bandeira Marcus Luciano Souza de Ferreira
Published: February 2025

Although most of the species Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants, Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P.Wilson, Rosmarinus officinalis L., Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi, and Tragia volubilis L. are not native to Brazil, they have been adapted and widely-used in folk medicine and spiritual rituals in the Discovery Coast region of Bahia. Within this context, considering the need for knowledge of the pharmacological properties of plants and awareness of the influence of environmental factors, this study was conducted. This study therefore investigated the phenolic composition, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase (Anti-AChE) properties of plant extracts collected from the area known as the Discovery Coast, in Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil. In addition, this study presented data on biological investigations described in the literature in order to contribute to scientific knowledge and gather evidence that validates the plants used in traditional medicine. Anti-AChE was strongly indicated in the extracts with higher antioxidant activity. Also, the results suggest that the higher phenolic content of the extracts may be responsible for their antioxidant and Anti-AChE activity. Although many results from the biological activities in the literature converge on some popular applications for the plants, further studies are still required to corroborate their therapeutic effectiveness as well as provide technical clarifications regarding their use, preparation, and purpose.
A note on a fractional Cournot-type model
Authors: Corrêa Matheus Madeira , De Cezaro Adriano , De Cezaro Fabiana Travessini
Published: February 2025

In this contribution, we analyze the memory effect associated with fractional derivatives in a Cournot-type oligopoly model. Such an analysis will be made from the comparison of the solutions of a duopoly with fractional derivatives of different orders. We show that the firm that has more memory on the competition, given by the fractional derivative, will have advantages over its competitor in the long run. Moreover, we show that the choices of fractional derivatives αj ∈ (0,3/5) for both firms j = 1,2 will result in advantages in profit compared to the profit of firms without memory.
Obtenção dos elementos do Triˆangulo de Pascal por uma nova relação de recursividade
Authors: Luca Bruno , Oliveira Vinicius Freitas de
Published: February 2025

O Triângulo de Pascal trata-se de um arranjo numérico, construído a partir de números binomiais que recebeu o nome do matemático francês Blaise Pascal devido ao estudo e desenvolvimento mais específico, embora já tivesse sido observado por diversos outros autores, como Yang Hui e Michel Stifel. Cabe ressaltar que, embora o triângulo seja inserido apenas no Ensino Médio, diversas possíveis aplicações podem ser vistas já no Ensino Fundamental. A análise e desenvolvimento desses arranjosO Triângulo de Pascal trata-se de um arranjo numérico, construído a partir de números binomiais e embora seja inserido apenas no Ensino Médio, diversas possíveis aplicações podem ser vistas já no Ensino Fundamental. A análise e desenvolvimento desses arranjos promovem ao estudante competências que envolvem o raciocínio crítico e lógico-matemático, indo ao encontro com as colocações da Base Nacional Comum Curricular. Neste sentido, o presente artigo promoveu um estudo detalhado do Triângulo de Pascal, indicando, além das ferramentas já conhecidas, uma nova relação de recursividade que permite a obtenção de elementos do triângulo apenas com operações elementares,sem uso de análise combinatória. Essa nova relação também foi inserida no contexto das equações dediferenças, tratando-se da equação de diferenças linear homogênea de primeira ordem que possui como solução a própria equação da combinação simples. Embora a equação recursiva tenha a limitação da dependência do elemento anterior ao que se deseja calcular, o seu uso permite inúmeras possibilidades no ensino e neste sentido algumas aplicações foram evidenciadas.
Ensino de biologia: percepções de docentes sobre métodos e importância das aulas práticas no município de Cacoal, Rondônia
Authors: Souza Ana Ribeiro de , Nunes Reginaldo de Oliveira
Published: February 2025

O uso do laboratório no desenvolvimento de aulas práticas vem sendo descrito e ressaltado, principalmente em relação a sua importância e ao desenvolvimento de metodologia que preencha as diversas lacunas no ensino. Com o objetivo de verificar as concepções de professores em relação a importância das aulas laboratoriais no ensino de Biologia, foram incluídos na pesquisa, sete professores de Biologia de quatro escolas públicas estaduais do município de Cacoal. Utilizou-se de questionário composto com perguntas abertas e fechadas. Observou-se que, o professor como mediador do conhecimento, deve estar sempre atento em seu planejamento, para que as propostas de aulas práticas sejam bem elaboradas e corrobore com a facilitação na compreensão do aluno. Foi possível constatar a utilização de aulas práticas e sua importância, verificando também, a necessidade de um olhar mais atento pelos órgãos competentes afim de que recursos possam ser disponibilizados para o desenvolvimento prático dessas atividades.
Ageratum conyzoides, an invasive species with antioxidant and antifungal potential
Authors: Pereira Vanusa Souza Rocha , Silva Gabriela Catuzo Canônico , Oliveira Edneide Bezerra da Cruz , Machado Mariane de Almeida , Sena Jéssica da Silva , Bento Marisa Cássia Vieira de Araújo , Rodrigues Selma Alves , Inumaro Rodrigo Sadao , Gonçalves José Eduardo , Nunes Maria Graciela Iecher Faria , Herrig Suelen Pereira Ruiz , Piau Junior Ranulfo , Gazim Zilda Cristiani
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and the antioxidant and antifungal activities of the essential oil (EO) extracted from the aerial parts (leaves and flowers) of Ageratum conyzoides (Asteraceae). The EO was extracted by the hydrodistillation process (3h), and the compounds were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antioxidant activity was performed by the β-carotene/linoleic acid co-oxidation system and  2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and the iron reduction method (FRAP). The antifungal activity was performed by the broth microdilution (MIC) method using the strains Rhizopus oryzae ATCC 7560; Aspergillus flavus ATCC 1217; Aspergillus ochraceus ATCC 6787 and Penicillium verrucosum ATCC 7680. The results indicated a yield of 0.82 mg/kg. Sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons (33.28%) were the major class, and precocene I (48.19%), precocene II (7.38%) and β-caryophyllene (19.66%) were the major constituents. The co-oxidation system of β-carotene/linoleic acid showed 52.18% inhibition of oxidation in the concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. Of the four fungi evaluated, only Aspergillus ochraceus showed results, with a MIC of 1250 μL/mL, and the importance of finding activity on this fungus lies in the fact that it is a producer of ochratoxin A, infesting mainly green coffee beans. The results found open up new perspectives in valuing a species considered invasive.
Antibacterial screening of hexane extracts from Psidium myrtoides, a Brazilian native plant
Authors: Ribeiro Anderson Martins Rodrigues , Fernandes Cassia Cristina , Menezes Ralciane de Paula , Oliveira Andreia Marques de , Gonçalves Daniela Silva , Martins Carlos Henrique Gomes , Miranda Mayker Lazaro Dantas
Published: February 2025

Even though Brazil has a large biodiversity of medicinal plants, many of them have not had their chemical and biological potential acknowledged. Several medicinal plants are rich in secondary metabolites with broad antibacterial activity, a relevant fact since many pathogenic bacteria are resistant to conventional antibiotics. Psidium myrtoides, a species of plant in the Myrtaceae family that is known for its sweet purple fruit, should be highlighted in this field. It is a medicinal plant with strong antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumoral, and herbicidal potential. This study aimed at investigating, for the first time, the antibacterial activity of hexane extracts from P. myrtoides dry leaves – which were collected in both dry and rainy seasons – and the dry pericarp of unripe fruit. Their antibacterial activity was evaluated in vitro by the broth microdilution method on 96-well plates, and their Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values were expressed as µg/mL. The following bacteria were assayed: Streptococcus mutans, S. sobrinus, S. mitis, S. salivarius, S. sanguinis, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus casei, Xanthomonas citri (resistant, tolerant, and sensitive to copper), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. avium, and M. kansasii. The resulting MIC values of all extracts under study were promising since they ranged from 31.25 to 500 µg/mL. This study revealed the in vitro potential of P. myrtoides against different bacterial strains and reinforced the need for further phytochemical investigations that aim at isolating its bioactive chemical constituents.
Integrated assessment of the environmental quality of the Palmitos microbasin
Authors: Biscalquini Amanda Cunha , Domingues Anna Lígia Leocadio , Senhuk Ana Paula Milla dos Santos , Anhê Ana Carolina Borella Marfil
Published: February 2025

Aquatic ecosystems are impacted by various human activities. In view of their preservation, it is necessary to monitor their quality. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the water quality of the microbasin of the Palmitos by an integrated analysis. The Rapid Assessment Protocol (RAP) results characterized the Palmitos stream ranging from altered to impacted and the tributaries from natural to altered. Biomonitoring characterizes the water quality of the microbasin at different levels, from very bad to good. The high level of eutrophication of water bodies is highlighted due to the high concentrations of phosphorus arising from local agricultural activities, which cover about 60% of the microbasin area according to the study of land use and occupation. The analysis of the sediments showed that places with more heterogeneity present greater diversity of macroinvertebrates. The protocol of functional feeding groups reveals a destructured microbasin in its middle/lower part, due to the predominance of collecting macroinvertebrates and the absence of fragmenters. These results, together, demonstrate the high degradability of the microbasin of the Palmitos stream in the region covered by the urban area. It is expected that the results will contribute to the strengthening of proposals for monitoring and controlling water pollution, serving as a subsidy for programs to recover degraded areas.
Validation and verification of numerical model for simulation of the operating principle of the oscillating water column device
Authors: Oliveira Sersana Sabedra de , Pinto Junior Edis Antunes , Rocha Luiz Alberto Oliveira , Santos Elizaldo Domingues dos , Isoldi Liércio André
Published: February 2025

Initially, this work presents the validation of an axisymmetric computational model employing the Air-Methodology for the numerical simulation of a sea wave energy converter into electrical energy of the Oscillating Water Column (OWC) type, through experimental results of turbulent flow over a downward step; a characteristic that resembles the airflow within an OWC device. Subsequently, the model was verified with numerical results produced in a study where turbulent airflow over the downward step was simulated, and the validation of these results was also performed with the experimental data previously used. The model that uses κ−ε standard for turbulence, Enhanced Wall Function as the wall function, and SIMPLE for pressure-velocity coupling, achieved a processing time of approximately 30 min and presented an average Mean Absolute Error (MAE) value of 1.25% during validation. In verification, the MAE was less than 4% for the x-component and less than 1.5% for the y-component.
Theoretical Analysis of Early Termination of Authority of Local Deputies
Authors: Dilshod Avezov
Published: February 2025

The paper analyzes the practical features, legal foundation, and opportunities to strengthen the system of early termination of authority of a local council deputy's. The author examined the current reasons for terminating a deputy mandate, researched other nations' experiences, and created suggestions to enhance domestic laws. The study led to the formation of scientifically supported conclusions regarding egregious violations of the deputy ethics rules, corruption-related crimes, conflicts of interest violations, the creation of new grounds, and the implementation of a procedure for terminating a deputy's authority.
Self-Defense of Rights in the Digital Space: Legal Boundaries and Forms of Implementation
Authors: Egamberdiev Eduard
Published: February 2025

This research is devoted to the analysis of the legal nature and implementation peculiarities of the self-defense of rights institutions in the digital space. The paper examines the conceptual foundations of digital rights self-defense established by Articles 11 and 13 of the Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the legal boundaries of permissible actions, and various forms of their implementation in the digital environment. Using methods of legal and comparative analysis, the study investigates problems of determining the proportionality of protective measures, distinguishing between self-defense and arbitrary action, as well as the peculiarities of self-defense for various types of digital rights (personal data, intellectual property objects, digital property rights). Special attention is paid to technological, contractual, and organizational forms of self-defense in the context of the cross-border nature of digital relations. The research results allow the formulation of recommendations for improving legislation and law enforcement practice in the field of digital rights self-defense, as well as determining optimal strategies for the lawful behavior of subjects when protecting their rights in the digital space.
Reforming Traditional Modern Education in the Context of the Projected Symbiotic Economy
Authors: Gulyamov Said
Published: February 2025

This article analyzes the problems and various restrictive methods of traditional models of the educational system. It considers the potential of digital education and technologies in cyberspace to reform this system and prepare students for the digital era. This article discusses various approaches to innovative aspects, including augmented reality, digital reality, virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and creative platforms based on machine learning. In addition, various educational technologies are given, including legal LegalTech and STEM technologies that can be used in both social sciences and humanities. In addition, an analysis is made of how education is being reformed in different countries, and recommendations are given on how cyber education can improve the teaching activities of the teaching staff. A summary is made of how traditional and innovative methods can work in synergy to solve joint problems in the future.
The Legal and Ethical Challenges in ESG Compliance
Authors: Kozimov Nizomiddin
Published: February 2025

Companies face tough legal and ethical hurdles trying to meet Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) goals. Different rule setups across regions twist how businesses run their operations. I talked with compliance officers, dug into case stories of firms in legal battles, and sifted through tons of regulatory documents; this rough mix revealed familiar snags and some neat tricks to handle ESG challenges. The results show that a jumble of regulations not only wastes time on compliance but also stirs up ethical puzzles, forcing companies into a patchwork of responses. The issue stands out big in healthcare, where strong ethics matter most; it's plain that one-size-fits-all rules could really tidy up compliance and boost accountability. Its impact goes well beyond healthcare a better grip on these legal and ethical knots might spark forward-thinking moves for companies under a wild array of rules. In the end, the study plunges into the ESG debate, urging clearer guidelines and a real-world blend of ethics and business that weds everyday practice with the push for sustainability.
Limitation of black-market media influence through designing LLM tool for content analysis
Authors:   University of Ruse “Angel Kanchev”, Ruse, Bulgaria, Ivanova Boyana , Bratanova Rumyana ,   University of Ruse “Angel Kanchev”, Ruse, Bulgaria
Published: February 2025

The meaning and importance of restricting black-market media are identified. A clear definition of Large Language Models (LLMs) as part of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is given. These two terms are associated with preventing the negative influence of media on the masses. The research blends two trending topics - Generative AI and content analysis through the prism of Artificial Intelligence. A classification of software tools that use Generative AI in the context of content analysis is given. The paper proposes a methodology for designing and developing an LLM tool. All the included steps are described in detail. The key steps and approaches are described as constructive parts of the tool. A list of best-practice examples of applications that use content analysis with Large Language Models is presented. As a result, a combination of innovative technologies, modern approaches, and defined challenges in solving problems with interdisciplinary character is presented.