bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards a European Water Recycling Policy
Authors: Hochstrat R. , Wintgens T. , Melin T. , Jeffrey P.J.
Published: October 2008

Water management is to a high degree regulated by policy and legislation, defining water quality requirements for particular uses or environmental compartments. The adoption of the Water Framework Directive marks an orientation towards a more complex and integrated management of the whole water cycle in a river basin. This approach opens promising perspectives for water reuse. The paper shows where in existing European legislative structures water reuse aspects can be accounted for and how ongoing processes could be adjusted to advance water reuse development. Follow-up activities to support implementation of legislation are partly in favour of water reuse. But specific instruments such as qualified funding can only make an impact when backed by a well defined framework for water reuse which is still missing on European level. Particularly guidelines addressing risk management together with guidance on best management practice should be drawn up in a bottom-up approach.
Public Acceptance: The Greatest Barrier to Widespread Water Reuse
Authors: Miller G. Wade
Published: October 2008

Most knowledgeable observers would agree that the greatest barrier to the use of recycled/reclaimed water for various applications around the globe is gaining the acceptance of the public. Several highly qualified researchers have conducted studies on public perception and public acceptance over the past half-dozen years. Each of these studies has advanced the state of understanding of the public's reluctance to fully accept the use of reclaimed water, especially for indirect potable reuse. It is incumbent upon the water reuse community to move beyond gaining an understanding of public concerns to a phase in which we devise practical and workable approaches to the problem of acceptance. The water reuse community must formulate a basic strategy and then implement it. While it would be naïve to believe that every local situation is the same, it is possible for the global water reuse community to begin to agree on the basic elements of the strategy needed to ensure public acceptance. This paper will focus on these needed elements, which include common terminology, positive branding, research on microconstituents, embracing stakeholders, and communicating the value of water.
Water recycling in textile industries: Effects on biological treatment plants
Authors: Cammilli L. , Gori R. , Munz G. , Giordano A.
Published: October 2008

A potential limit for water recycling in industrial processes is the increase of compounds concentration in the remaining effluent whom biological treatability can be reduced. In this paper a procedure aimed at evaluating the compatibility of a recycling system with an existing WasteWater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is described. This is an objective of the LIFE funded project BATTLE (BAT for water reuse in TextiLE SMEs). The procedure is applied to a textile company (Stamperia di Martinengo srl, Bergamo, Italy) and its on-site biological WWTP. The effects of the water recycling scheme on the existing WWTP have been evaluated by means of an integrated approach of respirometric, titrimetric and physico-chemical analysis and the implementation of an ASM1 model for the simulation of biological processes. In this case titration trials did not reveal any inhibitory effect of neither biodegradable nor biodegradable compounds on biological processes for water recycling ratio up to 60%. Respirometric and titration tests allowed to successfully implement an ASM1 model which revealed that for recycling ratio up to 50% the COD and nitrogen limits, set by the Italian law for effluent discharge, were not exceeded.
Membrane bioreactor for water reclamation in Singapore
Authors: Tao Guihe , Kekre Kiran , Visvanath Bala , Oo Maung Htun , Seah Harry
Published: October 2008

The Public Utilities Board (PUB) of Singapore embarked on MBR technology evaluation program in 2002. The three systems, i.e. Zenon system, Mitsubishi system and Kubota system, were set up in early 2003 and evaluated. Other MBR systems like Memcor MBR, Toyoplus MBR, Singaport Cleanseas MBR, Huber MBR and Asahi MBR were tested later on or is under testing. These trials have generated valuable information on the design and operation of the MBR systems under tropical environment in pilot scales. PUB decided to extend the pilot scale operations by building a 23,000 m3/d demonstration plant at Ulu Pandan Water Reclamation Plant. This plant was commissioned in December 2006. The product of this plant is supplied to industries as Industrial Water. The plant produces industrial water which is superior to all the requirements. The power consumption is about 0.55 kwh/m3 and no intensive chemical cleaning has been done since the start-up of the plant for about 7 months.
Greywater treatment and recycling for toilet flushing: comparison of low and high tech treatment approaches
Authors: El Hamouri B. , Bey I. , Ait Douch A. , Ghazi N. , Regelsberger M.
Published: October 2008

Greywater (GW) from the showers of a sport club was treated following two approaches: adapted low-cost and advanced technologies. The low-cost unit consisted of a gravel-horizontal-flow constructed wetland planted with Phragmites followed by a vertical-flow-multilayer sand filter. For the comparison, two high-tech units were also used: a membrane bioreactor (MBR) with a net capacity of 550 L/d and a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with a net capacity of 600 L/d and a built-in UV lamp. Performances of the low cost unit were satisfactory: turbidity was reduced from 28 to 2 NTU while removal efficiencies for COD and BOD5 were 75 and 80% respectively. Also, 50% of nitrogen was nitrified and 50% of phosphorus was removed. Anionic surfactants removal efficiency reached 90 %. On the contrary, FC removal did not exceed 1 Log Unit out of an initial concentration of 1.3 105 FC/100 mL. UV disinfection was necessary to bring the counts to 10 units/100 mL. On the other hand, the performance of the MBR and the SBR unit were excellent with effluent quality respecting recycling standards for toilet flushing. Helminth eggs found in the raw greywater were found at a concentration of 1 egg/6L of Hymenolepis sp. (rodent origin probably from the collection system) ; No eggs were found in 6L of the effluent of any of the treatment units tested. The effluent from the low-cost unit was recycled for toilet flushing for fifteen continuous months. We report the absence of any anaesthetic aspect and smell emanation and the acceptance of the approach by the toilet users.
Wastewater irrigation in Jordan: A mismatch in macro nutrient provision
Authors: Boom S. , Huibers F.P. , van Lier J.B.
Published: October 2008

By using sewage nutrients in irrigation, both the costs for nutrient removal and costs for fertilisers at the farm can be distinctly reduced. The present study describes the wastewater use scheme in the Seil Al-Zarqa and Middle Jordan Valley regions, Jordan. Through field studies, information on water and nutrient flows were gathered on 13 fields using semi-quantitative methods and processed in a simplified nutrient mass balance model. Outcomes show a complete mismatch between nutrient demand and nutrient supply. While the N-supply is up to a factor of 7-8 in excess, data nearby the sewage treatment plant show a P excess up to a factor 30! Elevated nutrient concentrations were measured up to 70 km downstream the sewage treatment plant. However, farmers dose chemical fertilisers as if they are dealing with clean fresh water. The nutrients and particularly the N over-dosages have considerable negative impacts on crops and environment. Treatment facilities should better adjust their effluent quality to the subsequent needs, while farmers should be better informed on the effluent quality and be trained how to adjust their irrigation and additional fertilization to this reality.
Reliability of operation and failure management of membrane wastewater treatment
Authors: Lazarova Valentina , Bonroy Jean-Louis , Richard Jean-Luc
Published: October 2008

The analysis of the long-term performance of a full-scale submerged bioreactor confirms the reliability of operation and the process sustainability in terms of environmental and health protection. The failure mode analysis was used as a problem prevention tool that enabled to identify weak areas of the treatment process and develop actions to prevent their occurrence. The major risk is undoubtly membrane damage or fouling. In full-scale operation, two types of equipment are likely to be the major cause for decrease of membrane permeability – faulty pre-treatment, mainly fine screening and grease removal, and poor activated sludge properties induced by faulty aeration or shock salt and toxic loadings. PLC and SCADA systems are very important and reliable tools for MBR operation, but can be disturbed by some minor malfunctions or unreliable equipment such as communication links. Redundant equipment and adequate SCADA system lead to significant reduction of risk of failure of electromechanical apparatus enabling immediate detection of any breakdown or malfunction.
Technologies for urban water recycling
Authors: Pidou Marc , Ali Fayyaz , Williams Ronnie Frazer , Jeffrey Paul , Stephenson Tom , Jefferson Bruce
Published: October 2008

This paper presents a comparative analysis of 5 systems for the treatment of greywater for reuse. The systems investigated were a biological system: a membrane bioreactor (MBR), a chemical system: a membrane chemical reactor (MCR) and three constructed wetlands: vertical (VFRB) and horizontal (HFRB) flow reed beds and a green roof (GROW). The results revealed that the GROW and the HFRB achieved a limited treatment of the greywater. Alternatively, the MBR, the MCR and the VFRB achieved a good general treatment of the greywater. However, the MBR and MCR alter more significantly the solids and microbial fractions. Overall, the MBR was found to be the most suitable technology for greywater recycling due to its robustness. Indeed, the MBR constantly achieved an excellent treatment of the high strength greywater.
Community scale non-potable reuse in London using an MBR
Authors: Birks R. , Hills S. , Grant E. , Verrecht B.
Published: October 2008

Due to increasing pressure on water resources in southeast England, Thames Water are currently installing the first membrane bioreactor (MBR) plant for reuse (toilet flushing and irrigation) in the UK, at Beddington Zero Energy Development (BedZED), a prestigious sustainable development in south London. Thames Water will operate and evaluate the system via an in depth research programme for a 3 year period. A case study, the Solaire in New York (US), informed the BedZED Wastewater Reclamation Plant (BWRP) design and is presented. The BWRP process stream comprises 3mm screens, MBR, granular activated carbon and chlorination. Research will include process optimisation, water quality and water saving studies, post treatment efficiency and effectiveness, energy usage, studies of biofilm regrowth potential and householder perception studies. A comprehensive metering system consisting of hardwired pulse, electromagnetic and radio meters will monitor reclaimed and potable water throughout the site. The metering data will be used to calculate water balances and water savings at various scales. Research using the radio meters (AMR) will cover areas such as customer side leakage and usage patterns. This research will allow a holistic and complete understanding of water use and recycling in a sustainable community.
Water reuse and integrated water resources management in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
Authors: Mujeriego R. , López J.
Published: October 2008

Water reclamation and reuse have become essential components of water resources management in Vitoria-Gasteiz, by helping to overcome historical water deficits experienced by the city with respect to water allocations set in 1973 with the Metropolitan Area of Bilbao, for the conjunctive use of the Urrunaga-Ullibarri reservoirs system. By generating a reliable flow of 35,000° m3/day of high quality reclaimed water, the options available for integrated water resources management have widely expanded as to allow in-stream river flow substitution, agricultural irrigation, seasonal storage of reclaimed water, and more favorable flood control policies for the Urrunaga-Ullibarri reservoirs system. Those management options have been made possible thanks to the implementation of an extensive and elaborated water distribution and storage system (reuse component) that allows distribution of reclaimed water to 10,000 ha of farmland, seasonal storage in a 7 hm3 reservoir, partial substitution of in-stream river water, and the potential consideration of water augmentation in reservoirs. The continuous support and promotion by agricultural users, the excellent operation and maintenance records of the project, and its favorable economic features have been instrumental in assuring a wide acceptance of this innovative water management option, under the Vitoria-Gasteiz social, economic, geographical and water resources conditions.
Advanced treatment of WWTP effluent; no use or reuse?
Authors: Scherrenberg S.M. , Menkveld H.W.H. , Schuurman D.J. , den Elzen J.J.M. , van der Graaf J.H.J.M.
Published: October 2008

From 2006 until 2008 a research project is executed at wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) Leiden Zuid-West (The Rijnland District Water Control Board). The research focus is on the removal of nitrogen, phosphorous, heavy metals and priority hazardous substances from WWTP effluent with different treatment techniques to reach the effluent quality which is required by the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC. The semi-practical installation at WWTP Leiden Zuid-West consists of small full scale installations and has a maximum capacity of 150 m3/h. The installation is divided into two parallel streets. The first street consists of flocculation tanks and a continuous sand filter. The second street consists of a continuous sand filter, flocculation tanks and a dual media filter. The continuous sand filters are denitrifying filters. The results of this research up to now show that continuous sand filtration has the ability of removing total nitrogen and total phosphorous to MPR values (maximum permissible risk) at high filtration rates. This means that continuous sand filtration is suitable as pre-treatment for ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis to produce ultra pure water. The advanced treatment of WWTP effluent is not only good to reach a better water quality but makes also the possibility of reuse easier.
The Potential of N-Rich Plasma-Polymerized Ethylene (PPE:N) Films for Regulating the Phenotype of the Nucleus Pulposus
Authors: Mwale Fackson , Petit Alain , Tian Wang Hong , Epure Laura M , Girard-Lauriault Pierre-Luc , Ouellet Jean A , Wertheimer Michael R , Antoniou John
Published: October 2008

We recently developed a nitrogen-rich plasma-polymerized biomaterial, designated “PPE:N” (N-doped plasma-polymerized ethylene) that is capable of suppressing cellular hypertrophy while promoting type I collagen and aggrecan expression in mesenchymal stem cells from osteoarthritis patients. We then hypothesized that these surfaces would form an ideal substrate on which the nucleus pulposus (NP) phenotype would be maintained. Recent evidence using microarrays showed that in young rats, the relative mRNA levels of glypican-3 (GPC3) and pleiotrophin binding factor (PTN) were significantly higher in nucleus pulposus (NP) compared to annulus fibrosus (AF) and articular cartilage. Furthermore, vimentin (VIM) mRNA levels were higher in NP versus articular cartilage. In contrast, the levels of expression of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and matrix gla protein precursor (MGP) were lower in NP compared to articular cartilage. The objective of this study was to compare the expression profiles of these genes in NP cells from fetal bovine lumbar discs when cultured on either commercial polystyrene (PS) tissue culture dishes or on PPE:N with time. We found that the expression of these genes varies with the concentration of N ([N]). More specifically, the expression of several genes of NP was sensitive to [N], with a decrease of GPC3, VIM, PTN, and MGP in function of decreasing [N]. The expression of aggrecan, collagen type I, and collagen type II was also studied: no significant differences were observed in the cells on different surfaces with different culture time. The results support the concept that PPE:N may be a suitable scaffold for the culture of NP cells. Further studies are however necessary to better understand their effects on cellular phenotypes.
Correlation of Pain Scores, Analgesic Use, and Beck Anxiety Inventory Scores During Hospitalization in Lower Extremity Amputees
Authors: Trame Cathy D , Greene Erin , Moddeman Gail , Booth Branyan A , Konstantakos Emmanuel K , Parada Stephen , Siebuhr Karl , Laughlin Richard T
Published: October 2008

Post amputation pain can be debilitating for patients and families. Chronic pain is a common phenomenon after lower extremity amputation, occurring in up to 80% of this population. The purpose of this pilot study was to correlate post amputation pain scores to opioid analgesic consumption and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scores. Twenty-three patients with lower extremity amputation at an 827-bed acute care inner-city hospital were surveyed pre-operatively and post-operatively to determine if there was a significant correlation between anxiety and pain. A numeric scale was utilized by patients to rate their pain level, while the BAI was utilized to measure their anxiety levels.

A significant correlation was found between the pre-operative BAI levels and the BAI levels identified at time of discharge. Patients were found to have a higher than normal level of anxiety pre-operatively. No significant correlations were found between anxiety and pain.
Paulson's Latest and an Alternative: Why the Treasury Should Buy Common, Not Preferred, Stock and Why LIBOR Deposit Guarantees Could Backfire
Authors: Carmel Jonathan
Published: October 2008

Many are enamored of recapitalizing the banking sector by injecting government funds into distressed banks in exchange for preferred stock and equity warrants. This appears to be the core of the Treasury's most recent plan. Jonathan Carmel points out that this approach can actually create more problems than it solves by adding to the bank's debt overhang problem. If public funds are to be used, a better approach is to directly capitalize the banks by buying common stock and distributing it to taxpayers, suggests Carmel.
Association of Two Enzymes for Obtaining Low Phenylalanine Protein Hydrolysates from Wheat Flour
Authors: Carreira Raquel L , Silva Mauro R , Starling Ana Lúcia P , Aguiar Marcos J. B. , Januario José N , Silvestre Marialice P. C.
Published: October 2008

This work involved the removal of phenylalanine (Phe) from wheat flour which followed three steps: 1. protein extraction using an alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis; 2. protein hydrolysis by the action of a commercial enzyme (pancreatin or Panc) in association with a crude enzymatic extract obtained from pineapple peel (CE); 3. use of activated carbon (AC) as adsorbent. The effect of some parameters, such as order of enzyme action, pH and reaction time, was evaluated. The efficiency of Phe removal was assessed by second derivative spectrophotometry, measuring the Phe content in the wheat flour as well as in its hydrolysates after AC treatment. The results showed the advantage of using CE for 1h30min followed by Panc for 3h30min, at pH 7.0, producing 66.28% of removal and a final Phe content of 522.44 mg/100g of hydrolysate.
Entrepreneurial First Movers, Brand-Name Fast Seconds, and the Evolution of Market Structure
Authors: Norman George , Pepall Lynne , Richards Daniel J
Published: October 2008

We analyze the interaction between entrepreneurs who open new markets and established, `fast second' firms to develop them. We use a spatially differentiated model in which early entry is traditionally excessive. However, the anticipated later entry by the `fast second' brand can potentially reverse this result. We show that conditions that make for the most initial competitive market are precisely those that result in the least optimal amount of initial entry and in which entrepreneurial entry is typically well below the efficient level. We also show that asymmetric oligopoly is a natural market equilibrium.
Identification of salt tolerant barley genotypes for coastal region of Bangladesh
Authors: Ali MR , Uddin M Shalim , Bagum Shamim Ara
Published: October 2008

Identification of salt tolerant barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes and effects of different levels of salinity on their growth, grain development and yield were studied. One hundred and eighty nine barley germplasms were subjected in five levels of NaCl concentration which were equivalent to Electrical Conductivity (EC) of 0, 10, 15, 20 and 25 ds/m. Among the genotypes 39 proved to be saline tolerant at 15 ds/m of salinity. Out of 39 genotypes, 33 were evaluated at Sonagazi and Patuakhali salt area of Bangladesh. All the genotypes were evaluated in the non-saline area at BARI, Gazipur to observe their performance in normal soil. Highest grain yield was recorded from the genotypes BSH-32 and BSH-142 over the three locations. Significantly higher yield was recorded from the experimental site of Gazipur followed by Patuakhali and Sonagazi. Tiller per plant had positive correlation with grain per spike, maturity and grain yield. Grain per spike and maturity was positively correlated with grain yield. From the multivariate analysis it appears that 1st, 2nd and 3rd principal components together account for 79 per cent of the total experimental variation. The two selected genotypes are expected to be released for commercial cultivation in the saline area of Bangladesh. Â Â Â Â Â  Key words: Barley, Genotypes, Selection, Salt tolerant, Bangladesh DOI = 10.3329/bjb.v36i2.1504 Bangladesh J. Bot. 36(2): 151-155, 2007 (December)
Plurispore development of Cladosiphon okamuranus Tokida (Chordariaceae, Phaeophyta)
Authors: Zhu Qinghua , Zhang Xuecheng , Xu Di , Arunakumara KKIU , Shi Yanxia , Zhu Luying
Published: October 2008

Development of plurispores and effects of temperature on their attachment to substrata were studied using mature plurilocular sporangia of Cladosiphon okamuranus Tokida. Development of plurispore showed the disc type, a large number of assimilatory filaments were found to develop from the middle or central part of a disc. These compact and parallel assimilatory filaments formed pseudoparenchyma (multiaxial) with abundant lateral branches. The attachment and development of a plurispore were affected significantly by temperature. Suitable seeding temperature was found to be 17-26Âº and 26Â° being optimum for successful attachment. At a temperature over 26ÂºC, the plurispore could not attach tightly to a substratum or developed poorly. Â Â  Key words: Plurispores, Cladosiphon okamuranus, Multiaxial, Hair, Pseudoparenchyma DOI = 10.3329/bjb.v36i2.1505 Â  Bangladesh J. Bot. 36(2): 157-162, 2007 (December)
Reaction of wheat lines to leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) in Turkey
Authors: Arslan Umit , Karbulut Ozgur Akgun , Yagdi Koksal
Published: October 2008

The field reactions of 19 bread wheat lines and three durum wheat lines to Puccinia triticina showed that the bread wheat lines were susceptible to moderately susceptible while that of three durum wheat lines were resistant, and moderately resistant. The seedling reactions of bread and durum lines against three races, FHTT, PHTT, and PRTT showed that bread lines were susceptible to all the races while durum lines were resistant. All of the tested durum lines were found to be promising for wheat breeding studies carried out against leaf or brown rust of wheat. Key words: Triticum, Leaf (brown) rust, Puccinia triticina, Susceptibility, Resistance DOI = 10.3329/bjb.v36i2.1506 Bangladesh J. Bot. 36(2): 163-166, 2007 (December)
Karyotype comparison in two varieties of Vigna mungo L. after staining with orcein and CMA
Authors: Alam Sheikh Shamimul , Mahbub Meher Nigar
Published: October 2008

Two varieties of Vigna mungo viz. Barimash-1 and Barimash-3 were cytologically studied after staining with orcein and CMA. Both the varieties were found to possess 2n =22 metacentric chromosomes. Total length of diploid complements and range of chromosome length were more or less same in the two varieties. The orcein stained interphase nucleus of Barimash-1 had three big heterochromatic blocks, whereas Barimash-3 possessed several small heterochromatins. The orcein stained prophase chromosomes of Barimash-1 was darkly stained throughout the entire length. The gradual staining of prophase chromosomes were found in Barimash-3. The CMA stained interphase nuclei and prophase chromosomes of these two varieties were different. Sixteen entirely CMA banded chromosomes were found in Barimash-1. The percentage of GC-rich areas was 56.20. In Barimash-3, 11 entirely, 4 terminal and 4 centromeric fluoresced banded chromosomes were found. The percentage of GC-rich areas was 63.40. Although the two varieties showed similar conventional karyotypes, mark differences exist in their fluorescent karyotypes and the properties of interphase nuclei and prophase chromosomes. Therefore, these two varieties could be characterized with the help of modern cytological techniques. Â  Key words: Karyotype, Vigna mungo, Blackgram, CMA DOI = 10.3329/bjb.v36i2.1507 Bangladesh J. Bot. 36(2): 167-170, 2007 (December)
Effects of different factors on the growth efficiency of rice seedlings
Authors: Khanam Munnujan , Al-Yeasa Mohammad , Rahman Md Sazzadur , Al-Mahbub Abdullah , Gomosta AR
Published: October 2008

Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effect of salt solution, and size and ageing of seeds on growth efficiency of rice seedlings. Variation in growth efficiency due to different factors was significant. Seeds of Pokkali, BRRI dhan 29, BRRI dhan 40 and BRRI dhan 41 rice genotypes were used. Growth efficiency and other seedling characteristics decreased as salinity levels increased. Three varieties of rice BR 14, BRRI dhan 28 and BR 1, which are large, medium and small grain variety, respectively, were used to study the effect of seed size on growth efficiency and seedling growth. All the parameters decreased remarkably with decreasing seed size. Seed size influenced the growth efficiency significantly. For accelerated ageing test five varieties of freshly harvested seeds were used. The tested varieties responded differently for growth efficiency. When the ageing treatments were extended to 72 hours the growth efficiency depressed markedly for most of the varieties. Key words: Growth efficiency, Ageing, Rice, Salt solution, Seedling growth, Seed size DOI = 10.3329/bjb.v36i2.1508 Bangladesh J. Bot. 36(2): 171-176, 2007 (December)
Growth and pigment biosynthesis of Spirulina platensis as affected by Pb2+ concentrations
Authors: Arunakumara KKIU , Xuecheng Zhang , Yijing Zhou
Published: October 2008

Growth and pigment biosynthesis of Spirulina platensis Geitler, an edible cyanobacterium were stimulated at low concentration (1 mg/l) of Pb2+. The pigment biosynthesis was found to decrease with increasing Pb2+concentrations. The ratio between chlorophyll a and Î² carotene was constant regardless of the Pb2+concentration in the medium indicating that both are equally affected by Pb2+. Â  Key words: Growth, Pb2+, Pigment biosynthesis, Spirulina platensis DOI = 10.3329/bjb.v36i2.1509 Â  Bangladesh J. Bot. 36(2): 177-179, 2007 (December)
Colacium vesiculosum : A new record for Bangladesh
Authors: Khondker Moniruzzaman , Bhuiyan Rauf Ahmed , Yeasmin Jenat
Published: October 2008

A colonial euglenoid alga Colacium vesiculosum Ehrenberg is reported for the first time in Bangladesh. The species has been taxonomically described with photomicrographs. It was collected from Mathbaria of Pirojpur district. Key words: Colacium vesiculosum, Euglenoid alga, New record, Bangladesh. DOI = 10.3329/bjb.v36i2.1514 Bangladesh J. Bot. 36(2): 195-197, 2007 (December)
Dielectric Constant Modelling with Soil–Air Composition and Its Effect on Sar Radar Signal Backscattered over Soil Surface
Authors: Zribi Mehrez , Le Morvan Aurélie , Baghdadi Nicolas
Published: October 2008

The objective of this paper is to present the contribution of a new dielectric constant characterisation for the modelling of radar backscattering behaviour. Our analysis is based on a large number of radar measurements acquired during different experimental campaigns (Orgeval’94, Pays de Caux’98, 99). We propose a dielectric constant model, based on the combination of contributions from both soil and air fractions. This modelling clearly reveals the joint influence of the air and soil phases, in backscattering measurements over rough surfaces with large clods. A relationship is established between the soil fraction and soil roughness, using the Integral Equation Model (IEM), fitted to real radar data. Finally, the influence of the air fraction on the linear relationship between moisture and the backscattered radar signal is discussed.
Astragalus exscapus L. (Leguminosae), nueva especie para la flora de la Península Ibérica
Authors: Fernández Palacio José Vicente
Published: October 2008

Astragalus exscapus L. se cita por primera vez para la flora española. Se conocía de C y SE de Europa y su presencia en España supone un amplio hiato en su área de distribución. Se incluye una descripción completa basada en las nuevas recolecciones así como algunas precisiones sobre su taxonomía, hábitat y corología. La única localidad conocida en España se encuentra en grave peligro de extinción por su proximidad a tierras de cultivo.
Eichhornia meyeri A. G. Schultz: una nueva cita para el Pantanal en los estados de Mato Grosso y Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Da Luz Sanches A. , Cervi A. C. , Pott V. J.
Published: October 2008

Como resultado de la revisión taxonómica de la familia Pontederiaceae Kunth para el Pantanal, en los estados de Mato Grosso y Mato Grosso do Sul fue citada por primera vez la presencia de Eichhornia meyeri A.G. Schultz. Para el reconocimiento de esta especie en el Pantanal Matogrossense fue redescrita y incluidos datos ecologicos, etimología, ilustraciones y mapa de distribución geográfica.
Novedades para la flora catalana
Authors: Pyke S.
Published: October 2008

Algunos taxones no citados o poco citados en Cataluña, observados en los ultimas dos años, se presentan a continuación.
Matttioli contra Lusitano. II. Las "censuras" y la interpretación de Dioscórides
Authors: Valderas J. M.
Published: October 2008

La botánica de la primera mitad del siglo XVI gira en torno al De materia medica de Dioscórides. Sobresalen dos corrientes principales, una modernizadora y científica, protagonizada por los tratadistas, y otra medievalizante y empírica, representada por los apotecarios. Mattioli aprovecha las "censuras" de los escritos de Lusitano para precisar el sentido de numerosas especies controvertidas en su tiempo.
Auto y alopoliploidía en Centaurea sect. Acrocentron s. l. (Asteraceae, Cardueae): cariotipo y patrón de bandas con fluorocromos
Authors: Font M. , Vallès J. , Susanna A. , Garcia-Jacas N.
Published: October 2008

No disponible.
Portulaca granulato-stellulata, nueva especie en la Isla de El Hierro (Islas Canarias)
Authors: Romo A.M. , Salvà M. , Danin A.
Published: October 2008

No disponible
Estudios morfoanatómicos de los aquenios en el complejo Carduncellus-Carthamus (Asteraceae: Cardueae): su utilidad para la clasificación filogenética
Authors: Vilatersana R.
Published: October 2008

Se estudian los caracteres morfoanatómicos de 32 especies del complejo Carduncellus-Carthamus y se debate la evolución de estos caracteres y su utilidad para la delimitación genérica de este complejo, comparándola con la filogenia obtenida de las secuencias del DNA ribosómico nuclear.
Gastridium phleoides (Gramineae) en Cataluña
Authors: Pyke S.
Published: October 2008

Al revisar material del herbario BC (Institut Botànic de Barcelona) y BCN (Universitat de Barcelona) del género Gastridium Beauv., se ha detectado la presencia de pliegos de Gastridium phleoides (Nees & Meyen) C. E. Hubb. en el noreste de la Península Ibérica.Este taxón ya se conocía del sur de la península, pero debido a su asimilación dentro de G. ventricosum (Gouan) Schinz & Thell. (G. lendigerum (L.) Desv.) aún no está del todo clara su distribución actual en el resto de la península.
Sobre la presencia de Vicia vicioides en Alicante
Authors: Pérez-Haase A. , Soler J. X. , Galbany-Casals M.
Published: October 2008

En el presente trabajo se actualiza el conocimiento corológico de la leguminosa Vicia vicioides (Desf.) Cout. en la provincia de Alicante, aportando información sobre cinco nuevas poblaciones, que se añaden a la única localidad conocida previamente.
Modelos para una santa. El necesario icono en la vida de Teresa de Ávila
Authors: Cea Gutiérrez Antonio
Published: October 2008

Desde el binomio imagen de culto y mundo devocional, se analiza el fenómeno de la espiritualidad personal, ya tridentino, en el espacio conventual femenino del siglo XVI. Bajo una perspectiva etnoliteraria y a través de los textos ascético-místicos de Teresa de Jesús y de su copiosa correspondencia epistolar, descubrimos el interior de esta extraordinaria mujer y su entorno social. En su lucha ascensional se debate la Santa entre la austeridad y el hedonismo, entre la privación y lo que le causa placer, entre el bien y el mal, teniendo al propio Cristo, a la Virgen y a los santos de su devoción como diana materializada en sus imágenes.
Danzantes y afines. La Danza de los Cascabeleros de Alosno
Authors: Jiménez de Madariaga Celeste
Published: October 2008

Muchas danzas tradicionales de carácter religioso se dedican a determinadas devociones, imágenes de vírgenes y santos patronos muy localizadas e identificadas con su comunidad. Son danzas festivo-rituales que generalmente actúan como elementos simbólicos dominantes e imprescindibles para la realización de la fiesta. La Danza de los Cascabeleros de Alosno es un extraordinario modelo de danza festivo ritual, cuya expresión e interpretación se vincula a los procesos de identificación social. Esta danza establece relaciones de afinidad basadas en el género y en la común acción de danzar que implican a toda la comunidad en conjunto. A partir de este ejemplo, la autora demuestra la importancia de analizar las danzas como manifestaciones que comunican mensajes sobre el imaginario colectivo y el contexto social y cultural donde se representan.
Memoria y cambio en los relatos épicos africanos
Authors: Creus Jacint
Published: October 2008

La pretensión de este artículo es doble: por una parte, presentar a los lectores los llamados «géneros mayores» africanos, que pueden clasificarse en «epopeyas de instalación », «epopeyas heroicas» y «epopeyas clánicas». Pero también, por otra parte, se expone la crítica a la metodología de recopilación y publicación utilizada hasta ahora, que ha tenido siempre una pretensión de «autenticidad» que no se corresponde ni con la realidad de los textos recopilados ni con la vitalidad que toda la literatura oral africana conserva actualmente. La clave para este estudio está no tanto en la creación y la transmisión de los relatos, sino en la autoridad otorgada por las sociedades africanas y por el mundo académico occidental a determinados especialistas, que ejercen una función paralizante del género épico; frente a ellos, sin embargo, existen otros especialistas, menos tenidos en cuenta, alejados de las formas políticas del poder, que estimulan la creatividad y la vitalidad de «géneros mayores» con otras características.
Imagen y discursos sobre la inmigración: la campaña electoral del 14 de marzo de 2004 en los medios de comunicación escritos
Authors: Moreno Preciado Manuel
Published: October 2008

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo, la utilización de una campaña electoral para captar el clima social, cultural y político hacia la inmigración, a través de la documentación de cuatro medios de comunicación (El País, ABC, El Mundo y La Vanguardia), durante los quince días de campaña. Los inmigrantes están ausentes como protagonistas en primera persona de las noticias; hay una saturación de información que describe el contexto migratorio como conflictivo; se hace énfasis en la necesidad de controlar la inmigración; escasez de noticias positivas sobre la convivencia y poco debate político. La inmigración no ha sido, pues, un tema estrella en la campaña, donde, de forma general, los medios han proyectado la imagen estereotipada de la inmigración como fenómeno problemático y conflictivo, encontrándose enfoques mediático-políticos sensiblemente diferentes. Sólo después del 11-M emerge la figura del inmigrante en primera persona.
Los estudios socioculturales sobre el juego tradicional: una revisión taxonómica
Authors: Bantulà i Janot Jaume
Published: October 2008

El artículo examina las aportaciones de la antropología al estudio del juego como ámbito específico dentro de la disciplina, la antropología del juego. Se mencionan pormenorizadamente los estudios que, desde la antropología y también desde el folklore, la etnología y la etnografía, se han ocupado de dilucidar los aspectos socioculturales del fenómeno lúdico. En el abordaje de la perspectiva antropológica del juego, el autor hace hincapié en las diversas taxonomías que se han formulado para sistematizar el conjunto de manifestaciones lúdicas. El análisis de las clasificaciones pone de relieve las carencias que presentan, debidas sobre todo al incumplimiento de los criterios exigibles a cualquier taxonomía.
Práctica deportiva, alimentación y construcción del cuerpo
Authors: Espeitx Elena
Published: October 2008

El presente artículo pretende abordar la relación existente entre actividad físico-deportiva y alimentación en adolescentes y jóvenes. A través de estas líneas, se pretende revisar cómo, y en qué medida, el concepto de “construcción del cuerpo” interviene en esta relación, y especialmente, cómo se relacionan social y culturalmente la alimentación, el ejercicio y el deporte.
Juventud y deporte. Una propuesta de cambio en la organización tradicional de la actividad deportiva
Authors: Díez Mintegui Carmen
Published: October 2008

El presente artículo pretende analizar la organización tradicional de la actividad deportiva desde una perspectiva de género, resaltando las aportaciones de la antropología feminista y sus perspectivas en este terreno. En este sentido, el deporte se encuentra inmerso en estructuras organizativas androcéntricas que lastran su práctica, y su análisis está obligado a redefinirse continuamente, y de manera muy especial observando una perspectiva de género.
El fútbol en Chiapas (México): ¿un símbolo de identidad?
Authors: Fábregas Puig Andrés
Published: October 2008

Este artículo pretende revisar la organización futbolística y su vivencia en el estado mexicano de Chiapas donde, desde el año 2002, con la llegada de un equipo profesional de fútbol: los Jaguares de Chiapas, la articulación en torno a este deporte se ha modificado sustancialmente, tanto dentro del panorama deportivo mexicano como en referencia a la construcción de la identidad chiapaneca.
La Diosa Blanca y el Real Madrid. Celebraciones deportivas y espacio urbano
Authors: Ortiz García Carmen
Published: October 2008

Las relaciones que tienen los equipos de fútbol con sus ciudades ha sido uno de los aspectos destacados más frecuentemente por los antropólogos dedicados al estudio de las manifestaciones sociales y culturales desarrolladas alrededor de este deporte. En este trabajo se parte de una presentación de las condiciones de uso, prácticas y simbólicas, del espacio urbano por parte de los hinchas de fútbol en Madrid y otras ciudades españolas. Concretamente se expone la cuestión polémica de la apropiación de ciertos elementos del patrimonio urbano (monumentos, plazas, fuentes) ocurrida durante las últimas décadas en las grandes concentraciones que tienen lugar con motivo de la celebración de las victorias de los clubes en los campeonatos. El análisis de estas “fiestas del fútbol” se centrará en los diferentes agentes sociales que juegan un papel en la definición de los bienes patrimoniales y las posibilidades de uso del espacio público.
Los Juegos Mediterráneos: diálogo, política internacional y promoción socioeconómica
Authors: Medina F. Xavier
Published: October 2008

Los Juegos Mediterráneos, en tanto que competición internacional que se pretende de carácter relevante, se han situado históricamente, desde sus inicios en 1951, dentro de un contexto difuso. Un contexto que, por un lado, aboga por un entendimiento y una colaboración internacional a partir del encuentro deportivo; pero que, por otro lado, se encuentra inmerso en un sistema de ambiciones políticas, reivindicaciones, conflictos en la zona o diferencias sociales y económicas existentes entre los diferentes estados participantes. El presente artículo pretende revisar diferentes aspectos históricos, sociales y culturales ligados a esta competición, dentro del siempre convulso contexto mediterráneo.
La ciudad desdibujada. Aproximaciones antropológicas para el estudio de la ciudad
Authors: Monge Fernando
Published: October 2008

Según la revisión de Setha M. Low (1996) sobre la antropología de las ciudades, hay dos aspectos que destacan en la literatura reciente: “¿por qué se ha teorizado tan poco sobre la ciudad en antropología? y ¿por qué apenas se oye la voz de los antropólogos en los estudios urbanos y en los discursos sobre políticas urbanas?”. Cuanto más sabemos sobre las ciudades desde una perspectiva antropológica, menos dibujadas están las ciudades que estudiamos. Este artículo trata de contestar, desde una perspectiva personal, dichas preguntas. Tanto el desarrollo histórico de la antropología urbana, como el surgimiento de nuevas formas urbanas complejas y sus modos de conceptualizarlas están relacionadas con la situación actual de la disciplina.
La música en el barrio como elemento de afirmación identitaria (El ejemplo de Vallecas)
Authors: Urrutia Valenzuela Alberto
Published: October 2008

El barrio de Vallecas posee unas particularidades sociológicas y culturales que le han conferido una fuerte identidad y singularidad. Desde el punto de vista cultural, dos géneros musicales, el flamenco y el rock han contribuido a formar esas señas de identidad, ya desde que se registraron los primeros movimientos inmigratorios a principios del siglo XX. En su mayoría procedentes del Sur de España, los inmigrantes trajeron con ellos el flamenco, que cultivaron y difundieron, lo que les ayudó en gran medida a combatir el sentimiento de desarraigo inherente a su situación. Por el contrario, los hijos de estos emigrantes, ya nacidos en el barrio, rechazaron en buena parte la música que escuchaban su padres para afirmarse generacionalmente a través del rock, estilo musical que adoptaron como medio de expresión y de participación social.
La articulación de la diversidad en la escuela: Un proyecto de investigación en curso sobre las “Aulas de Enlace”
Authors: Del Olmo Margarita
Published: October 2008

El artículo ofrece resultados preliminares de un proyecto de investigación en curso, titulado Estrategias de integración social y prevención de racismo en las Eecuelas. Está basado en una etnografía que sigue dos líneas fundamentales: un trabajo de campo propiamente dicho en un Aula de Enlace de un colegio concertado de la Comunidad de Madrid, que comenzó en mayo de 2005, y un análisis institucional de las medidas puestas en marcha por la Consejería de Educación de la Comunidad de Madrid en materia de atención a la diversidad.
En busca del paraíso: historias de vida y migración
Authors: Prat i Carós Joan
Published: October 2008

El presente texto se centra en las historias de vida vinculadas a los procesos migratorios. El autor maneja un amplio espectro de materiales pertenecientes al método biográfico, como biografías, autobiografías, historias y relatos de vida, historias individuales, múltiples o cruzadas; escritas por los propios migrantes o más frecuentemente por antropólogos y sociólogos que han prestado su voz a los sin voz. A través de descripciones etnográficas y/o de recuerdos personales, el artículo intenta reflejar, tanto aquellas experiencias colectivas y sociales (y que se repiten en todos los procesos migratorios conformando una especie de modelo único), como aquellas otras más estrictamente personales y únicas que toda aventura migratoria conlleva.
Por la Etnología hacia Dios: la Exposición Misional Vaticana de 1925
Authors: Sánchez Gómez Luis Ángel
Published: October 2008

Las negativas consecuencias que tiene la Gran Guerra de 1914 en la expansión misional de la Iglesia católica y la presión que ejercen ciertas disciplinas, entre ellas la etnología, contra los fundamentos del dogma católico, fuerzan al Vaticano a diseñar mecanismos de respuesta que permitan relanzar las misiones y devolver a la Iglesia al lugar de preeminencia —espiritual y material— que había ocupado hasta solo medio siglo antes en el mundo. La exposición misional de 1925 es uno de los principales recursos puestos en práctica en ese sentido. Al unísono, con su celebración se pone fin al gran déficit propagandístico del que la Iglesia católica había adolecido hasta entonces por su escasa y muy constreñida presencia en las exposiciones coloniales, internacionales y universales. Además de estudiar este contexto y la propia exposición, en el artículo se analiza con detalle el sentido de la etnología confesional que se articula en torno al certamen, valorándose su utilización como presunta herramienta científico-misional.
Límites del dialecto leonés en la provincia de Zamora según los materiales del Cuaderno I del ALPI (1934-1935)
Authors: González Ferrero Juan Carlos
Published: October 2008

La validez de las isoglosas con que tradicionalmente se han señalado los límites del dialecto leonés en la provincia de Zamora, especialmente en lo que se refiere a su valor para representar hasta dónde había un dialecto leonés vivo en este territorio a principios del siglo XX, es algo que siempre ha estado en entredicho, toda vez que no es seguro que cuando se trazaron se tuviera en cuenta el carácter sistemático de los fenómenos, y muy probablemente indican hasta dónde eran más abundantes los restos lexicalizados de este dialecto leonés, más que hasta dónde tales fenómenos estaban vivos. El trabajo que aquí presentamos tiene por objeto fijar los límites fonéticos orientales y occidentales del dialecto leonés en la provincia de Zamora, teniendo en cuenta el carácter sistemático o lexicalizado de los fenómenos, así como determinar las distintas áreas y subáreas dialectales que en función de esos límites pueden establecerse, y comprobar las semejanzas y diferencias entre estos límites y áreas y los trazados por la dialectología tradicional. Para ello, se estudian los materiales recogidos en Zamora en 1934 y 1935 para el Atlas Lingüístico de la Península Ibérica (ALPI) por Aurelio M. Espinosa [hijo] y Aníbal Otero, y, más concretamente, los correspondientes al Cuaderno I que David Heap ha publicado en www.alpi.ca.
Peleles y coplas del Carnaval madrileño
Authors: Fraile Gil José Manuel
Published: October 2008

La vieja costumbre de mantear seres humanos y perros se transformó a comienzos del siglo XVIII en una manifestación del Carnaval desarrollada fundamentalmente por mujeres. Los muñecos de paja, llamados peleles, representaban siempre la figura de un hombre, a quien las mujeres dirigían todo tipo de injurias por medio del canto. La costumbre pervivió especialmente en Madrid y los pueblos más meridionales de su provincia hasta bien mediado el siglo XX.