bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of effect of alcohol on liver function tests (LFT) in Garhwal hills, India
Authors: Gogoi Javin Bishnu , Bhasin Mayank , Behera Joshil Kumar , Gairola Kailash , Baruah Haren
Published: December 2017

Background: There has been frequent researches on liver pathologies and its variables in the world. There is no known research carried on liver in Garhwal region. Uttarakhand is one area where the hill people are more habitual of alcohol abuse and alcoholism is more endemic here. Primary objective was to correlate alcohol intake and its effect on liver function test. Secondary objectives were to screen the patients for abnormal LFTs and to observe and understand changes needed in lifestyle to reduce risk of developing liver disorders.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted on patients in a medical college in north India. The participants above the age of 10 years were included for the study.Results: Out of all the 150 study participants screened, 120 (80%) were detected to have abnormal liver function tests (LFT) (65 females and 55 males). Maximum numbers of participants with abnormal LFT belong to age group of 21-30 yrs. More frequent and higher amount of alcohol consumption was found to adversely affect the liver physiology.Conclusions: The most important risk factor for liver damage is frequent consumption of alcohol in excess of 4 pegs a day for males and 2 for females (One standard drink contains 10 grams of alcohol).
A study of clinical/biological markers of exacerbation/progression in a cohort of patients admitted with acute excerbation of COPD
Authors: A. L. Shivraj , B. Prakash
Published: December 2017

Background:Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease increases the morbidity, hospital admissions, mortality, and strongly influence health-related quality of life. The aims of this study to know the Clinical profile of COPD and acute exacerbation, Role of clinical markers in diagnosis and follow up of exacerbation.Methods: A prospective study of a cohort of 60 patients hospitalized for AECOPD was undertaken to identify markers for frequent exacerbation and progression of disease. Advised to fill the SGRQ questionnaire, At the time of discharge 6MWT done and analyzed. C Reactive protein levels at the time of admission done and analyzed. Sputum grams stain culture, total counts and differential counts done and analyzed. At the time of discharge spirometry done both pre and post bronchodilators by using asthalin inhaler with or without spacer, results were analyzed.Results:There was statistically significant drop in the SPO2 levels in frequent exacerbators over 6 months follow up time. There was statistically significant elevation of sputum Neutrophil counts in frequent exacerbators and Eosinophil counts in infrequent exacerbators, there was a drop in the CRP levels of from the time of initial exacerbation to 6 months follow up time. There was statistically significant drop in FEV1 in frequent exacerbators over 6 months follow up study. The drop of 6MWT was more in patients, who had frequent exacerbations.Conclusions:Patients with more frequent exacerbation have more symptoms, drop in the saturation level and have more sputum neutrophil counts. Patients with more frequent exacerbations will have more deterioration of lung functions (FEV1.6MWT).
Violencia psicológica hacia la mujer: ¿cuáles son los factores que aumentan el riesgo de que exista esta forma de maltrato en la pareja?
Authors: Safranoff Ana
Published: December 2017

A partir del análisis del Estudio nacional sobre violencias contra las mujeres, realizado en Argentina, en 2015, se identifican los factores de riesgo que incrementan la vulnerabilidad de las mujeres hacia el maltrato psicológico. Los resultados muestran que las mujeres más proclives a ser víctimas de este tipo de violencia en la pareja son quienes tienen menos educación, mayor edad, no trabajan por un salario, conviven con hijos en el hogar, se encuentran inmersas en relaciones menos “formales” en vínculos de mayor duración, están emparejadas con varones que tienen menos educación que ellas y/o tienen problemas con el alcohol y/o fueron víctimas o testigos de violencia durante su infancia. El artículo sugiere posibles estrategias de intervención para erradicar el maltrato, las cuales deben dirigirse, principalmente, a empoderar a las mujeres y reforzar su independencia respecto de la pareja.
¿Por qué los médicos no utilizan en forma temprana la insulinización en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2?: Un estudio cualitativo en una ciudad mexicana
Authors: Lagunes Córdoba Roberto , Galindo Guevara Isaac , Castillo Reyes Atalia , Romero Aparicio Citlalli , Rosas Santiago Francisco Javier
Published: December 2017

La terapia de insulinización temprana ha demostrado ser un auxilio eficaz para mejorar el control a largo plazo y la calidad de vida de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Sin embargo, tanto los pacientes como los médicos presentan barreras al uso de esta alternativa terapéutica. El presente estudio utiliza un abordaje cualitativo para explorar las barreras a la insulinización temprana que tiene el personal médico del sector público en la ciudad de Xalapa, Veracruz, México. Entre los años 2015 y 2016, se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a médicos generales y especialistas que brindaban atención primaria a pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Las entrevistas transcritas fueron analizadas para extraer y esquematizar las categorías y subcategorías de las barreras del personal de salud, las cuales se agruparon en tres categorías que fueron ejemplificadas con extractos del discurso de los participantes: barreras propias del personal médico, barreras que surgen en la relación médico-paciente, y obstáculos institucionales. Se discuten los posibles usos del esquema obtenido, así como algunas propuestas de solución generadas por los participantes del estudio.
Reflexiones teóricas sobre sujetos de la praxis y sujetos de la antítesis para la Reforma Sanitaria Brasileña
Authors: Paim Jairnilson Silva
Published: December 2017

La Reforma Sanitaria Brasileña ha sido reconocida como un proyecto que trasciende la dimensión sectorial al considerar el concepto ampliado de salud y de determinación social, que la distingue de las reformas de los sistemas de salud del siglo XX. Este artículo tiene como objetivo apoyar la construcción de los conceptos sujetos de la praxis y sujetos de la antítesis, para lo cual discute algunos de los retos de la praxis en la Reforma Sanitaria Brasileña, la constitución de sujetos sociales y la aparición de sujetos de la antítesis. Se argumenta que la reflexión teórica puede contribuir al análisis político en salud y vislumbrar el poder de una praxis que desequilibre el carácter conservador de la revolución pasiva.
Política, Educação e Pesquisa: entrevista com o Professor Dr. João Roberto Martins Filho, da Universidade Federal de São Carlos
Authors: Risso Sales Camila , Pellegrino Correa Paulo Gustavo , Chaves Daniel
Published: December 2017

Entrevista com o Prof. Dr. João Roberto Martins Filho
DOENÇA OU CRIMINALIDADE: ANÁLISE DO COMPORTAMENTOS PSICOPÁTICOS NOS HOMICIDAS EM UMA PENITENCIÁRIA ESTADUAL DA REGIÃO SUL
Authors: Steiner Laís , Gomes Karin Martins , Brunel João Luis
Published: December 2017

O principal objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a presença de psicopatia nos detentos homicidas de uma Penitenciária Estadual da região sul, buscando a identificação de traços de perfil e comportamentos psicopáticos. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa de caráter exploratório, sendo que foi utilizada a Escala Hare para identificação e análise utilizando o ponto de corte 30 e um questionário aberto. A amostra foi intencional e participaram da pesquisa 20 detentos. Resultados/Discussão: Dos 20 condenados por crime de homicídio, a faixa etária foi de 18 a 50 anos. Pela escala Hare, ocorreu a presença de psicopatia em quatro detentos, representando 20% da amostra carcerária entrevistada. Foi possível elencar e analisar que as principais características da personalidade dos detentos participantes foram ausência de culpa e incapacidade de aceitar responsabilidade pelos próprios atos, sendo que os principais comportamentos verificados foram impulsividade e transtorno de conduta na infância. Conclusão: Todos os participantes que obtiveram pontuação para psicopatia mostraram desestrutura familiar, agressões, alcoolismo, ausência da figura paterna e abandono.Palavras-chave: Psicopata; Hare (PCL-R); Homicídio.
ANÁLISE DA PAISAGEM APLICADA AO PLANEJAMENTO TERRITORIAL DE UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO: ESTUDO DE CASO DA ÁREA DE PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL DO MORRO ALBINO E ESTEVES
Authors: Spillere Daniele Wernke , Pereira Jader Lima
Published: December 2017

A necessidade de melhoria no planejamento de Unidades de Conservação é de grande importância, frente necessidade de conciliar o desenvolvimento econômico com a preservação do meio ambiente. Com base nesta perceptiva, o trabalho objetivou-se pela avaliação da situação ambiental da APA Morro Albino e Esteves através de ferramentas de geoprocessamento e análise de métricas da paisagem. Para o cumprimento dos objetivos procedeu-se uma análise do Zoneamento municipal, bem como a elaboração dos mapas de Uso da Terra e APPs na área de Estudo. Por fim, pode-se analisar a paisagem através das métricas de isolamento. Dos resultados obtidos constatou-se um mosaico vegetacional compostos por diferentes classes, bem como um acréscimo de 2,23% de áreas destinas a Proteção Ambiental no Município. Em relação ao mapa de APP, constatou-se que dentro da Área de Estudo (APA Morro Albino e Esteves) 31,76% são áreas de preservação permanente e que estão presentes nas mesmas todas as classes de Uso da Terra. Perante as métricas utilizadas para avaliação do nível de isolamento/conectividade das manchas florestais presente na UC, observou-se um número elevado de manchas com valor de conectividade intermediária. Em suma, faz necessário uma melhor percepção/atuação dos órgãos municipais relacionados ao planejamento, recuperação, zoneamento da UC.
Acupuntura no tratamento do câncer em indivíduos adultos: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Silva Cunha José Henrique da , Frizzo Heloísa Cristina Figueiredo , Pereira Diane Coelho
Published: December 2017

O câncer é uma doença crônica que pode desencadear reações devastadoras na vida de quem adoece, tanto nos âmbitos orgânicos, como nos psíquicos/emocionais e sociais. A acupuntura, uma moda¬lidade terapêutica milenar, tem sido utilizada como coadjuvante no tratamento das repercussões da doença e/ou do tratamento. O objeti¬vo desse estudo foi conhecer e analisar a produção científica sobre a contribuição da acupuntura no tratamento do câncer em indivíduos adultos, nos últimos cinco anos (2011-2016). Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada a partir das bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde; da Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe de Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e da Scientific Eletronic Library On-line (SciELO), utilizando-se os unitermos: acupuntura e neoplasias. Foram encon¬trados 19 artigos sobre o tema estudado. Os resultados demonstra¬ram que a acupuntura está sendo utilizada para o tratamento da dor, anorexia e caquexia, xerostomia, fadiga, náusea e vômito, estresse e ansiedade, linfedema de membro superior, ondas de calor, distúrbio do sono e neuropatia periférica, demonstrando resultados positivos. Conclui-se que a acupuntura parece ser uma terapêutica complemen¬tar promissora no tratamento do câncer e em suas repercussões. Ou¬tros estudos devem ser realizados a fim de buscar evidências científi¬cas relevantes e atualizadas nesta área.
Clínicas do testemunho: reparação psíquica e construção de memórias
Authors: Silveira Marilena Deschamps
Published: December 2017

O presente trabalho apresenta o projeto Clínicas do Testemunho, resultado de um longo processo de responsabilização pelo Estado e pela sociedade civil brasileira na promoção de justiça, de verdade e da memória daquelas pessoas afetadas pela violência de Estado no período compreendido entre 1946 e 1988. Outrossim, como psicanalistas, a partir da nossa experiência do desenvolvimento do Projeto no estado de Santa Catarina, apontamos seu lugar como dispositivo na reparação psíquica dos atingidos direta, ou indiretamente, pela violência de Estado daquele período e sua consequente intervenção no social. Ou seja, refletimos sobre o testemunho como dispositivo clínico-político capaz de revelar uma história que esteve submetida ao silenciamento, e como tal, intervém buscando impedir a repetição da violência como sintoma social na atualidade e no futuro.
POLÍTICAS DE CIRCULAÇÃO DE LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE ALFABETIZAÇÃO NO SUL DE MATO GROSSO E SEUS MÉTODOS (1927-1961)
Authors: Silva Thaise da , Bertoletti Estela Natalina Mantovani
Published: December 2017

In this study, literacy textbooks circulation devices, also known as primers, are analyzed in primary school in South of the state of Mato Grosso, between 1927 and 1961. Thereunto, a qualitative documentary research was carried out, in which national and state legal documents that guided primary education during this period were examined. From the documents investigated, we sought to understand the investment made to teach reading and writing under the light of these artifacts. The obtained results indicate that the analyzed legal devices, directly or indirectly indicated the method of literacy and textbooks that should circulate in that context, suggesting didactic practices and the way of thinking about literacy with each new law or decree created.
PROFESSORAS ALFABETIZADORAS E OS MÉTODOS DE ALFABETIZAÇÃO: uma complexa relação de ensinar e aprender
Authors: Francioli Fatima Aparecida Souza
Published: December 2017

This study approaches the work relationship of literacy teachers and reading-writing methods, observed during Pedagogy Course students´ training period. Since teachers failed to identify the relationship between education concepts and reading-writing methods, concepts and methods were investigated and theoretically put next to one another. The relationship between theory and practice was established as a unit centered within the closeness that expresses the dialectic movement from students´ knowledge at the lowest development level, characterized by syncretism, to the most developed one is enhanced, towards synthesis and conscience-raising. Studies revealed that children´s appropriation of new types of knowledge will cause qualitative advancements in their intellectual development.
AVALIAÇÃO DE DESEMPENHO ORGANIZACIONAL E GESTÃO DE PROCESSOS: MAPEAMENTO DO TEMA
Authors: Chaves Leonardo Corrêa , Ensslin Leonardo , Andrade de Lima Marcus Vinícius , Ensslin Sandra Rolim
Published: December 2017

O presente trabalho, de natureza descritiva, tem como propósito evidenciar o mapeamento do tema avaliação de desempenho organizacional e gestão de processos por meio do Knowledge Development Process – Constructivist (ProKnow-C). A pesquisa inicial que envolveu 5.183 artigos foi o primeiro estágio para chegar a um Portfólio Bibliográfico (PB) composto por 18 artigos publicados em periódicos internacionais. Ao final do trabalho, foi possível identificar os mais prolíficos: periódicos, artigos e autores, bem como as palavras-chave utilizadas para se pesquisar o assunto.
ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN DISTANCE EDUCATION THROUGH MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS
Authors: Gambirage Cinara , Xavier Wlamir Gonçalves , Silva Jaison Caetano da , Greene Frederick , Gandonou Jean Marc
Published: December 2017

Este artigo mede o desempenho econômico das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) privadas em educação a distância com estratégias de crescimento distintas. A análise usa estudos de casos e compara o desempenho econômico de duas IES privadas em educação a distância durante o período de 2012-2014: uma com crescimento através de fusões e aquisições (F&A) e outra que cresceu, sozinha, através do aumento de matrículas. O estudo analisou os indicadores econômicos das duas IES. Os resultados das duas IES foram compilados e, então, as diferenças nos resultados foram mostradas. A pesquisa suporta o arcabouço teórico de que há benefícios econômicos da estratégia de crescimento de F&A na educação a distância.
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL E INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE: UM DIÁLOGO CONCEITUAL
Authors: Conrado Luana Mayra Nunes , Silva Victor Hugo da
Published: December 2017

Em nosso cotidiano estamos sujeitos aos mais diversos problemas ambientais, tais como as enchentes, a produção excessiva de lixo, o desmatamento, entre outros. Acreditando na ação transformadora de uma educação mais libertária e renovadora, o presente trabalho faz um diálogo entre a Educação Ambiental e a interdisciplinaridade. O trabalho contempla a literatura referente à Educação Ambiental, em todo seu processo histórico, tanto no cenário internacional como no nacional, e a interdisciplinaridade como um nível de interação de disciplinas que busca transformar o ensino tão fragmentado atualmente, numa maneira mais dinâmica voltada para a totalidade. A metodologia do trabalho consistiu na leitura de referenciais teóricos acerca do tema, suas legislações, seus históricos e sua importância para uma educação mais humanizada. O resultado obtido através das leituras mostra que com planejamento, com práticas que envolvam pensamentos mais coletivos e com reflexões acerca de projetos de Educação Ambiental é possível formar cidadãos mais conscientes e críticos de sua situação e de suas ações no mundo.
ANÁLISE DO INVESTIMENTO AMBIENTAL EM SACOLAS BIODEGRADÁVEIS E REUTILIZÁVEIS COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE DIFERENCIAÇÃO
Authors: Guilhen Eliane Jacqueline de Souza , Silva Carlos Rogério Rodrigues , Bertolini Geysler Rogis Flor
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo procura investigar a análise do investimento ambiental em sacolas biodegradáveis e reutilizáveis como estratégia de diferenciação de uma padaria localizada em Cascavel, Paraná. A pesquisa exploratória teve como instrumento de coleta de dados um questionário de perguntas fechadas com amostra probabilística aleatória simples com 329 respondentes de uma população de 2.200 clientes, entrevistados logo após a compra. O instrumento de pesquisa procurou identificar a percepção quanto as atitudes ambientalmente responsáveis, a importância para embalagens biodegradáveis e sacolas retornáveis e também quanto ao valor que o respondente estaria disposto a pagar por uma sacola ecologicamente correta. Os dados foram analisados segundo o modelo desenvolvido por Bertolini, Rojo e Lezana (2012), para avaliação de investimentos ambientais. Os resultados foram no sentido da viabilidade da mudança por sacolas reutilizáveis com incentivo de desconto nas compras realizadas.
STRATEGI BAURAN PEMASARAN UD. TROPICAL BATIK DUSUN KLONTANG DESA GENDOH KECAMATAN SEMPU KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI
Authors: Saifudin Saifudin , Djaja Sutrisno , Ani Hety Mustika
Published: December 2017

This study aims to review more deeply about marketing mix strategy used by UD. Tropical Batik in product marketing activities of the company. Determination of research location determined by Purposive Area method, that is done intentionally in UD. Tropical Batik Klontang Hamlet Gendoh Village Sempu Sub-district Banyuwangi Regency. The main informant in this study is the corporate managers and the supporting informants are company employees. Data collection methods used by researchers are interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis used in this research consists of several stages, they are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results showed that the product strategy used by UD. Tropical Batik is prioritize product quality by considering raw materials, production process, motif, and color. The pricing strategy used by determining the exact price in a accordance with the raw materials and production process. The strategies of promotion are exhibitions, cooperation with cooperatives and schools, and word-of-mouth promotion. Distribution strategies implemented are direct distribution to consumers and indirect distribution by cooperation with cooperatives and agents.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN KOMPETESI PROFESIONALISME GURU IPS DI KABUPATEN JEMBER
Authors: Ikhsan Fahrudi Ahwan , Kurniawan Fahmi Arif , Apriyanto Bejo , Nurdin Elan Artono
Published: December 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan kondisi profesionalisme dan upaya peningkatan kompetensi guru IPSdi Kabupaten Jember. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah guru IPS SMP Negeri di Kabupaten Jembersebanyak 184 guru. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara random sampling yang berjumlah 55responden. Metode pengumpulan data dengan kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakandeskriptif prosentase. Hasil penelitian yang menunjukkan kondisi kompetensi profesionalisme guru IPS sebagaiberikut: penguasaan materi, konsep dan keilmuan yang diampu guru IPS sebesar 87,25% dalam kategori tinggi;pengembangan materi pembelajaran yang diampu guru IPS secara kreatif sebesar 92,04% termasuk dalamkategori tinggi; penguasaan standar kompetensi dan kompetensi dasar sebesar 87,05% termasuk kategori tinggi;pemanfaatan teknologi komunikasi untuk pengembangan diri guru IPS sebesar 86,35% termasuk dalam kategoritinggi. Secara keseuruhan kondisi kompetensi profesionalisme guru IPS di kabupaten Jember termasuk kategoritinggi yaitu 88,17%, sedangkan upaya peningkatan kompetensi profesionalisme guru IPS sebagai berikut: ikutdalam diklat dan seminar sebesar 66,81% kategori rendah; mengembangkan silabus dan RPP IPS sebesar70,50%; melakukan PTK 48,95% kategori rendah; mengembangkan ilmu teknologi dalam pembelajaran 74,82%kategori tinggi. Secara keseluruhan upaya peningkatan kompetensi profesionalisme guru IPS SMP Negeri diKabupaten Jember sebesar 71,34 termasuk dalam kategori tinggi.Kata Kunci: Kompetensi Profesionalisme, Guru IPS
Timothy W. Burns (ed.), Brill’s Companion to Leo Strauss’ Writings on Classical Political Thought, Brill, Leiden-New York 2015, pp. xiii + 480, ISBN 978-900-4243-354
Authors: Pascual Martín Àngel
Published: December 2017

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Lidia Lanza, Ei autem qui de politia considerat … Aristotele nel pensiero politico medievale, Brepols, Turnhout 2015, pp. 305, ISBN 978-2-503-55127-2
Authors: Curnis Michele
Published: December 2017

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Oikeion and justice in Plato’s Republic
Authors: Murgier Charlotte
Published: December 2017

Abstract: This paper aims at investigating the notion of οἰκεῖον (one’s own) in Plato’s Republic, by assessing what it specifically adds to the Platonic account of justice. Although the investigation is mostly devoted to analyzing the relevant passages of Book IV where the definition of justice as oikeiopragia is elaborated, it starts with the first occurrences of the term οἰκεῖον in the former books of the Republic, showing how the notion is introduced to counter Trasymachus’ challenge and then philosophically re-fined in order to make sense of the Platonic claim that justice does not harm but rather favors one’s own good.Keywords: justice, Trasymachus, oikeion (one’s own), good
A transparência na expressão da quantificação nas línguas indígenas das famílias Tupi-Guarani e Maku
Authors: Paula Danytiele Cristina Fernandes de , Abreu Carolina Cau Sposito Ribeiro de
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo investiga a transparência na expressão da quantificação em oito línguas indígenas de duas famílias do Brasil, Tupi-Guarani e Maku. O objetivo é, a partir da perspectiva da Gramática Discursivo-Funcional (Hengeveld; Mackenzie 2008), analisar a quantificação nas línguas, destacando como esta ocorre dentro dos níveis de análise, e as relações de transparência e/ou de opacidade a partir da codificação de número. Com base em Câmara et al. (neste volume), parte-se do pressuposto de que a noção de pluralidade é expressa de duas formas, uma específica e outra não-específica. Desse modo, de acordo com a definição de transparência dada por Leufkens (2015) e Hengeveld e Leufkens (inédito), a análise dos dados mostra que as línguas da família Tupi-Guarani são transparentes com relação à expressão da quantificação, indicando apenas uma vez tanto a quantidade específica quanto a não-específica, não havendo acordo ou concordância de número. As línguas da família Maku expressam quantidade específica e não-específica de modos distintos, reforçando a proposta de Câmara et al. (neste volume) a respeito da transparência na expressão das formas de quantificação.
APLIKASI CARBOXYMETHYL CHITOSAN - UREA GLUTARAT (CMCHI - UGLU) SEBAGAI KATALIS TERFLUIDAKAN PADA SINTESIS BIODIESEL DARI VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO)
Authors: Darmokoesoemo Handoko , Suyanto Suyanto , Rahmawati Denny Ika
Published: December 2017

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mentransformasi kitosan menjadi carboxymethyl chitosanyang selanjutnya diubah menjadi carboxymethyl chitosan urea glutarat (CMChi-UGLU) dan kemudian diaplikasikan sebagai katalis terfluidakan untuk sintesis biodiesel. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menentukan aktivitas katalitik katalis CMChi-UGLU. CMChi-UGLU yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan Fourier Transform Infra Red(FTIR) sedangkan biodiesel yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Sintesis biodiesel dilakukan dengan menggunakan kolom fluidisasi yang diisi denganVirgin Coconut Oil dan metanol (1:60) serta katalis CMChi-UGLU sebanyak 10% b/b minyak selama 90 menit dan pada suhu 65-70°C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas katalitik katalis CMChi-UGLU adalah 80,046%, hasil ini lebih tinggi dibandingkan katalis chitosan yaitu 40,023%. Kata kunci: kitosan, CMChi-UGLU, fluidisasi, aktivitas katalitik  AbstractThis study aims to transforming chitosan into carboxymethyl chitosan which is converted into carboxymethyl chitosan urea glutaric acid (CMChi-UGLU) that will be used as a fluidized catalyst for synthesis biodiesel. In addition, this study aims to determining the catalytic activity of CMChi-UGLU. CMChi-UGLU is characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-Red(FTIR) while biodiesel is characterized by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Synthesis of biodiesel is performed using fluidization column which filled with virgin coconut oil and methanol (1:60) and also heterogeneous catalyst CMChi-UGLU as many as 10% of oil weight on condition within 90 minutes at temperature 65-70°C. The result of synthesis of biodiesel showed that the catalytic activity of CMChi-UGLU is 80,046%, this result is higher than uses chitosan which it’s catalytic activity is 40,023%. Keywords: chitosan, CMChi-UGLU, fluidization, catalytic activity
PRODUKSI ENZIM KITINASE DARI Aspergillus niger MENGGUNAKAN LIMBAH CANGKANG RAJUNGAN SEBAGAI INDUSER
Authors: Purkan Purkan , Baktir Afaf , Sayyidah Arju Rohmah
Published: December 2017

AbstrakKitinase merupakan enzim hidrolitik yang dapat menghidrolisis kitin pada ikatan β-1,4-glikosidiknya dengan menghasilkan derivat-derivat kitin seperti oligomer kitin yang mempunyai banyak manfaat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pengembangan produksi enzim kitinase dari sumber lokal yang melimpah di alamserta murah dengan melakukan optimasi substrat dalam hal ini digunakan substrat tetes tebu (molase) dan limbah cangkang rajungan untuk produksi enzim kitinase dari Aspergillus niger. Sebelumnya, dilakukan kultivasi isolat kapang Aspergillus niger dengan membuat kurva pertumbuhan menggunakan metode masa sel kering dimana dari hasil penelitian inokulasi optimal adalah 22 jam. Pada proses produksi, diperoleh waktu fermentasi optimal adalah 52 jam dengan menentukan uji aktivitasnya menggunakan metode turbidimetri. Hasil optimasi substrat menunjukkan bahwa enzim kitinase yang maksimal diperoleh pada penambahan molase 0,5% (b/v) dengan unit aktivitas enzim 0,14726 (U/mL) dan cangkang rajungan 2% (b/v) dengan unit aktivitas enzim yang dihasilkan 0,12826 (U/mL). Kitinase dari Aspergillus niger ini mempunyai pH optimal 6 dan suhu optimal 40 oC. Kata kunci: Aspergillus niger, kitinase, cangkang rajungan, molase   AbstractChitinase is a hydrolytic enzyme that hydrolyzes chitin on β-1,4-glycosidic bond and thereby producing chitin derivatives such as chitin oligomers that have multiple benefits. The purpose of this research was to develop the production of chitinase enzyme from cheap and are abundant local nature sources, by optimizations substrate in this case the substrate used molasses and crab shell waste for the production of chitinase enzyme from Aspergillus niger. Previously, isolates of Aspergillus niger cultivated by creating a growth curve using dry cell mass method which from the results of research inoculation optimal are 22 hours. In the production process, obtained the optimum fermentation time is 52 hours to determine the activity test using turbidimetry method. Result of substrate optimizations indicate that chitinase enzyme maximum by addition of molasses obtained in 0.5% (w/v) with enzyme activity units 0.14726 (U/mL) and crab shells 2% (w/v) with enzyme activity units 0.12826 (U/mL). Chitinase from Aspergillus niger has a pH optimum 6 and temperature optimum 40 oC. Keywords: Aspergillus niger, chitinase, crab shells, molasses
PEMBUATAN IPAL LIMBAH DETERJEN METODE ELEKTRFLOTASI SKALA PILOT
Authors: Rochman Faidur , Hamami Hamami , Sapuan Imam
Published: December 2017

AbstrakKandungan deterjen yang cukup tinggi dalam air dapat menyebabkan pengurangan kadar oksigen. Pada konsentrasi 0,5 mg/liter deterjen sudah mempu membentuk busa sehingga menghambat difusi oksigen dari udara ke permukaan badan air. Pada kadar deterjen alkil sulfat 15 mg/liter, dapat mematikan ikan mas. Deterjen juga mencemari lingkungan, terutama kandungan fosfat yang menyuburkan enceng gondok, sehingga mengurangi jatah oksigen terlarut bagi biota air. Dalam penelitian ini telah dikembangkan sistem pengolahan limbah deterjen metode elektroflotasi yang mudah dan murah serta efisien. Beberapa variasi dilakukan untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimum proses yang meliputi kecepatan alir, kuat arus dan jumlah kolom. Kondisi optimum didapatkan pada reactor ini yang mana mampu menghasilkan daya reduksi limbah diterjen sebesar 78.33%. Kata kunci: limbah deterjen, elektroflotasi, oksigen terlarut AbstractThe detergent content is quite high in water effecting on oxygen reduction. At concentration of 0.5 mg /liter detergent forming foam that inhibits the diffusion of oxygen from air to surface water bodies. Alkyl sulfate detergents at levels of 15 mg / liter, can kill goldfish. Detergents were polluting the environment, especially the phosphorus content nourish water hyacinth, thus reducing the share of dissolved oxygen for aquatic biota. In this research, we have developed a wastewater treatment system based electroflotation. This electroflotation method perform several is easy and inexpensive and efficient. Some variations made to obtain optimum process conditions that include the flow rate, strong currents and the number of columns. The optimum conditions obtained in this reactor which can generate waste reduction by 78.33%. Keywords: detergent waste, electroflotation, dissolved oxygen.
Analisa Kualitas Madu (Keasaman, Kadar Air, dan Kadar Gula Pereduksi) Berdasarkan Perbedaan Suhu Penyimpanan
Authors: Wulandari Devyana Dyah
Published: December 2017

Penyimpanan madu akan dapat mempengaruhi mutu. Suhu penyimpanan untuk madu yang terbaik adalah 36 – 38 o C dengan kelembaban 75 – 78 persen. Dengan cara ini madu dapat tahan 2 – 4 minggu lamanya tanpa banyak mengalami penurunan mutu. Oleh karena itu, peneliti ingin mengetahui pengaruh suhu penyimpanan terhadap kualitas madu nektar karet berdasarkan keasaman, kadar air, dan kadar gula pereduksi. Keasaman diukur menggunakan metode titrasi asam basa, kadar air diukur secara gravimetri, dan kadar gula pereduksi diukur dengan metode Luff Schrool. Madu suhu ruang memiliki kadar keasaman rata-rata 45 ml NaOH 0,1N/kg dan madu suhu dingin kadar keasaman rata-rata 32 ml NaOH 0,1N/kg. Kadar air madu suhu ruang rata-rata 28,595% dan kadar air madu suhu dingin rata-rata 27,112%. kadar gula pereduksi, madu suhu ruang memiliki kadar gula pereduksi sebesar 51,625%, sedangkan pada madu suhu dingin memiliki kadar gula pereduksi sebesar 62,5%.
History Education for Arab Palestinian Schools in Israel
Authors: Mahamid Hatim
Published: December 2017

Since 1948, the Educational system for Palestinian Arabs in Israel was affected by political and ideological considerations of the Jewish state policy. Nurit Peled-Elhanan (2012) argues that the textbooks used in the school system in Israel are laced with a pro-Israel ideology and that they play a part in priming Israeli children for military service. She analyzes the presentation of images, maps, layouts and use of language in History, Geography and Civic Studies textbooks, and reveals how the books might be seen to marginalize Palestinians, legitimize Israeli military action and reinforce Jewish-Israeli territorial identity. Up until 1987 the Department for Arab Education was headed by a Jewish-Israeli director who was appointed by the Ministry of Education and involved in policy making for ensuring control over the Palestinians. Since then Palestinians have been appointed to lead the Department but they have been lacked of power or decision making, which remained under the direct control of the Ministry of Education. Thus the Department for Arab Education has no autonomous decision and authorities, but only meant to supervise the education of Palestinian Arabs and answer to Jewish-Israelis who continue to be in charge. Since the first years Israeli politicians saw in the state education system, an instrument to realize Zionist political objectives, and on the other hand the educational system was used to ensure weakening of Arab and Palestinian identity in the country.
On the Statistical Mechanics of Alien Species Distribution
Authors: bowler michael G. , kelly Colleen K.
Published: December 2017

Many species of plants are found in regions to which they are alien. Their global distributions are characterised by a family of exponential functions of the kind that arise in elementary statistical mechanics (an example in ecology is MacArthur's broken stick). We show here that all these functions are quantitatively reproduced by a model containing a single parameter – some global resource partitioned at random on the two axes of species number and site number. A dynamical model generating this equilibrium is a two fold stochastic process and suggests a curious and interesting biological interpretation in terms of niche structures fluctuating with time and productivity; with sites and species highly idiosyncratic. Idiosyncrasy implies that attempts to identify a priori those species likely to become naturalized are unlikely to be successful. Although this paper is primarily concerned with a particular problem in population biology, the two fold stochastic process may be of more general interest.
An Empirical Study on Value Relevance of Fair Value: Based on the Data of Financial Industry and Manufacturing Industry in China
Authors: Wu Jinyan
Published: December 2017

Economic development and advancements in information technology contributed to the shift on accounting objective from commission responsibility view to decision-making useful view. The decision-making useful view claims that the accounting measurement methods should be changed to improve the usefulness of accounting information, to enable information users to make correct decisions. In addition, the development of financial instruments leads to the birth of fair value accounting. In recent years, fair value has been one of the most important measurement methods in the International Accounting Standard and US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. However, China has been quite cautious when it comes to applying fair value full time, especially after the global financial crisis happened in 2008, wherein fair value accounting was exposed to strong suspicion. Hence, studying the value relevance of fair value is of great significance to exploring the accounting profession and reforming accounting standards. This paper attempts to investigate the value-relevance of fair value based on the data of listed financial companies and manufacturing companies in China. The results indicate that the fair value information in the financial industry has a strong explanatory influence to corporate share price. In contrast, the fair value information shows limited relevance in the manufacturing industry. Finally, consulting with the results of normative analysis and empirical study, this paper suggests several rational advices for the application of fair value in China.
A Low-Complexity Model-Free Approach for Real-Time Cardiac Anomaly Detection Based on Singular Spectrum Analysis and Nonparametric Control Charts
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: December 2017

While the importance of continuous monitoring of electrocardiographic (ECG) or photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals to detect cardiac anomalies is generally accepted in preventative medicine, there remain major barriers to its actual widespread adoption. Most notably, current approaches tend to lack real-time capability, exhibit high computational cost, and be based on restrictive modeling assumptions or require large amounts of training data. We propose a lightweight and model-free approach for the online detection of cardiac anomalies such as ectopic beats in ECG or PPG signals based on the change detection capabilities of Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) and nonparametric rank-based cumulative sum (CUSUM) control charts. The procedure is able to quickly detect anomalies without requiring the identification of fiducial points such as R-peaks and is computationally significantly less demanding than previously proposed SSA-based approaches. Therefore, the proposed procedure is equally well suited for standalone use and as an add-on to complement existing (e.g. heart rate (HR) estimation) procedures.
Interactive Hesitation Synthesis and Its Evaluation
Authors: Betz Simon , Carlmeyer Birte , Wagner Petra , Wrede Britta
Published: December 2017

Conversational spoken dialogue systems that interact with the user rather than merely reading text can be equipped with hesitations to manage the dialogue flow and the users' attention. Based on a series of empirical studies, we built an elaborated hesitation synthesis strategy for dialogue systems that inserts hesitations of scalable extent wherever needed in the ongoing utterance. So far, evaluations of hesitating systems have shown that synthesis quality is affected negatively by hesitations, but that there is improvement in interaction quality. We argue that due to its conversational nature, hesitation synthesis needs interactive evaluation rather than traditional MOS-based questionnaires. To prove this point, we dually evaluate our system’s speech synthesis component: on the one hand, linked to the dialogue system evaluation, on the other hand, in the traditional MOS way. This way we are able to analyze and discuss differences that arise due to the evaluation methodology. Our results suggest that MOS scales are not sufficient to assess speech synthesis quality, which has implications for future research that are discussed in this paper. Furthermore, our results indicate that hesitations work well to increase task performance and that an elaborated strategy is necessary to avoid likability issues.
Online Relinquishments of Dogs and Cats in Australia
Authors: Hazel Susan J. , Jenvey Caitlin J. , Tuke Jonathan
Published: December 2017

While traditionally people relinquish their pets to an animal shelter or pound, the internet provides a newer method to re-home. We analysed advertisements (ads) on the largest website in Australia for trading dogs and cats, gumtree.com.au. Data was collected for dogs on February 7, 16 and 24, 2016 and cats on February 9, 19 and 26, 2016 with 2640 ads for relinquished dogs, and 2093 ads for relinquished cats. It was estimated >31,000 puppies/dogs and >24,000 kittens/cats are relinquished on gumtree.com.au per year. The median age of dogs was 1.42 and cats 0.9 years of age. There were 23% of dog ads free and 62% of cat ads free. Compared to the human population there were proportionately more ads in Queensland and fewer ads in Victoria. A total of 15 people were surveyed who had relinquished a dog or cat using gumtree.com.au. The dog owners used gumtree.com.au because they believed the shelters were full (n = 4), and; they wanted to see/interview the new owner (n = 2). For cat owners it was because they had originally got the cat on gumtree.com.au (n = 2); they use gumtree.com.au for other things, and it works (n = 2), and; they wanted to see/interview the new owner (n = 2). The data collected will be valuable for implementation of policy and interventions to protect the welfare of un-wanted dogs and cats.
Few Sex Differences in Hospitalized Suicide Attempters Aged 70 and Above
Authors: Wiktorsson Stefan , Rydberg Sterner Therese , Mellqvist Fässberg Madeleine , Skoog Ingmar , Berg Anne Ingeborg , Duberstein Paul , Van Orden Kimberly , Waern Margda
Published: December 2017

Relatively little research attention has been paid to sex issues in late life suicidal behaviour. The aim was to compare clinical characteristics of women and men aged 70+ who were hospitalized after a suicide attempt. We hypothesized higher depression and anxiety scores in women, and we expected to find that men would more often attribute the attempt to health problems and compromised autonomy. Participants (56 women and 47 men, mean age 80) were interviewed by a psychologist. In addition to psychiatric and somatic health assessments, participants responded to an open-ended question concerning attributions of the attempt.  There were no sex differences in depression and anxiety, but women were more likely to report that they found their situation hopeless (67.9% vs. 43.8%, p = 0.02). At least one serious physical disability was noted in 60.7% of the women and 53.2% of the men (p = 0.55). Proportions attributing their attempt to somatic illness did not differ (women, 14.5% vs. men 17.4%, p = 0.79), and similar proportions attributed the attempt to reduced autonomy (women, 21.8% vs. men, 26.1 %, p = 0.64). The unexpected lack of sex differences might be influenced by cultural context in which sex norms play a part.
Measuring the Magnetic Flux Density with Flux Loops and Hall Probes in the CMS Magnet Flux Return Yoke
Authors: Curé Benoit , Klyukhin Vyacheslav , Amapane Nicola , Ball Austin , Gaddi Andrea , Gerwig Hubert , Hervé Alain , Loveless Richard , Mulders Martijn
Published: December 2017

The direct measurements of the magnetic flux density in steel blocks within Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) magnet yoke are performed with 22 flux loops installed in selected regions of the yoke. The 10,000-ton CMS magnet flux return yoke encloses a 4 T superconducting solenoid with a 6-m-diameter by 12.5-m-length free bore and consists of five dodecagonal three-layered barrel wheels and four end-cap disks at each end. The yoke steel blocks, mostly up to 620 mm thick, serve as the absorber plates of the muon detection system. A TOSCA 3-D model of the CMS magnet has been developed to describe the magnetic field everywhere outside of the tracking volume which was measured with a field-mapping machine. In the present study, for the first time, the reliable reconstruction of the magnetic flux density in the steel blocks of the yoke is performed using the CMS magnet standard discharges from the operational magnet current of 18.164 kA. To provide this reconstruction, the voltages induced in the flux loops (with amplitudes of 20–250 mV) have been measured with six 16-bit DAQ modules and integrated offline over time. The results of the flux loop measurements during three magnet ramp downs are presented and discussed.
Strategies for Effective Stimulation of Multiple Perforation Clusters in Horizontal Wells
Authors: Manchanda Ripudaman , Bryant Eric C. , Bhardwaj Prateek , Cardiff Philip , Sharma Mukul M.
Published: December 2017

Increasing the efficiency of completions in horizontal wells is an important concern in the oil and gas industry. To decrease the number of fracturing stages per well, it is common practice to use multiple clusters per stage. This is done with the hope that most of the clusters in the stage will be effectively stimulated. Diagnostic evidence, however, suggests that in many cases, only one or two out of four or five clusters in a stage are effectively stimulated.

In this paper, strategies to maximize the number of effectively stimulated perforation clusters are discussed. A fully 3D poroelastic model that simulates the propagation of nonplanar fractures in heterogeneous media is developed and used to model the propagation of multiple competing fractures. A parametric study is first conducted to demonstrate how important fracture-design variables, such as limited-entry perforations and cluster spacing, and formation parameters, such as permeability and lateral and vertical heterogeneity, affect the growth of competing fractures. The effect of stress shadowing caused by both mechanical and poroelastic effects is accounted for.

3D numerical simulations have been performed to show the effect of some operational and reservoir parameters on simultaneous-competitive-fracture propagation. It was found that an increase in stage spacing decreases the stress interference between propagating fractures and increases the number of propagating fractures in a stage. It was also found that an increase in reservoir permeability can decrease the stress interference between propagating fractures because of poroelastic-stress changes. A modest (approximately 25%) variability in reservoir mechanical properties along the wellbore is shown to be enough to alter the number of fractures created in a hydraulic-fracturing stage and mask the effects of stress shadowing. Interstage fracture simulations show post-shut-in fracture extension induced by stress interference from adjacent propagating fractures. The effect of poroelasticity is highlighted for infill-well-fracture design, and preferential fracture propagation toward depleted regions is clearly observed in multiwell-pad-fracture simulations.

The results in this paper attempt to provide practitioners with a better understanding of multicluster-fracturing dynamics. On the basis of these findings, recommendations are made on how best to design fracture treatments that will lead to the successful placement of fluid and proppant in a single fracture, and result in a set of fractures that are competing for growth. The ability to successfully stimulate all perforation clusters is shown to be a function of key fracture-design parameters.
Computed-Tomography Measurements of Water Block in Low-Permeability Rocks: Scaling and Remedying Production Impairment
Authors: Liang Tianbo , Luo Xiao , Nguyen Quoc , DiCarlo David
Published: December 2017

Fracturing-fluid invasion into the rock matrix can generate water block that potentially reduces hydrocarbon production, especially in low-permeability reservoirs. Here, we experimentally investigate the dynamics of water block under different flow scenarios (i.e., without shut-ins) and rock permeabilities through multiple coreflood experiments. A computed-tomography (CT) scanner is used to obtain the saturation profile within the core throughout the experiment, while the overall hydrocarbon productivity is measured from the overall pressure drop across the core.

On the basis of the saturation and pressure measurements, we interpret the potential physical mechanism regarding the productivity reduction from water block and its self-mitigation facilitated by the capillary imbibition. Our interpretation also matches the observed scaling with rock permeability and the optimal shut-in time.