bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnoses, Dimensions, and DSM-5
Authors: Widiger Thomas A. , Edmundson Maryanne
Published: November 2014

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III) is often said to have provided a significant paradigm shift in how psychopathology is diagnosed. The authors of DSM-5 have the empirical support and the opportunity to lead the field of psychiatry to a comparably bold new future in diagnosis and classification. The purpose of this chapter is to address the validity of the categorical and dimensional models for the classification and diagnosis of psychopathology. Considered in particular will be research concerning substance use disorders, mood disorders, and personality disorders. Limitations and concerns with respect to a dimensional classification of psychopathology are also considered. The chapter concludes with a recommendation for a conversion to a more quantitative, dimensional classification of psychopathology.
Emerging Policy Issues for Psychology
Authors: DeLeon Patrick H. , Kenkel Mary Beth , Oliveira Gray Jill M. , Sammons Morgan T.
Published: November 2014

Involvement in the public policy process is essential to the continued growth of the profession of psychology. The authors posit that five dimensions of involvement in the policy process are fundamental to ensuring the success of advocacy efforts: patience, persistence, the establishment of effective partnerships, emphasizing interpersonal relationships in the policy process, and the adoption of a long-term perspective. These key mediators are described in the context of current major public policy issues affecting psychology: mental health legislation in general, prescriptive authority, provision of psychological services in community health centers, expansion of the available treatments for autistic spectrum disorders, and recasting psychology as a primary health-care delivery profession. The authors suggest that policy makers will value the contributions of psychology only insofar as they are convinced of the profession’s ability to improve the public weal.
Interventions with Culturally Diverse Populations
Authors: Comas-Díaz Lillian
Published: November 2014

This chapter addresses the need for cultural competence in the delivery of clinical psychological services. It advocates for cultural integrity in the adaptation of mainstream psychological practice. The role of cultural mirrors in the psychotherapeutic process is examined, namely, how worldviews, the therapeutic relationship, and communication affect therapy. The centrality of a sociocentric worldview in the delivery of psychological interventions for culturally diverse individuals is emphasized. The chapter discusses the role of cross-cultural therapeutic relationships, including racial identity developmental theories and ethnoracial bias, in addition to communication styles and their impact on clinical practice. The author advocates for the incorporation of ethnic specific therapies into psychological practice, and concludes with a discussion of ethnocultural psychological practice, an approach developed to integrate culture and ethnicity into the delivery of interventions with culturally diverse individuals.
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
Authors: Abramowitz Jonathan S. , Jacoby Ryan
Published: November 2014

This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of the nature, psychological conceptualization, assessment, and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and putatively related conditions. First, we describe the symptoms of OCD and the proposal that numerous other problems overlap with this condition. We critically review this proposal, and conclude that the number of overlapping conditions is somewhat smaller than some authors have suggested. From there, we turn to a review of the empirically supported psychological models of OCD and these related conditions. A discussion of the assessment and treatment of these disorders then follows.
Schools of Psychotherapy and the Beginnings of a Scientific Approach
Authors: Boswell James F. , Sharpless Brian A. , Greenberg Leslie S. , Heatherington Laurie , Huppert Jonathan D. , Barber Jacques P. , Goldfried Marvin R. , Castonguay Louis G.
Published: November 2014

The theoretical, clinical, and empirical foundations of psychotherapy come from five primary movements that still exist today, continue to evolve, and remain scientifically productive: psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic, systemic, and integrative. The goal of this chapter is to examine the philosophical, clinical, and scientific underpinnings of each of these major traditions in detail. Experts in these five approaches will describe (a) the model of psychopathology (especially focusing upon etiological and maintenance factors emphasized in assessment and case formulation); (b) the focus and specific techniques used in treatment planning and implementation; (c) the hypothesized therapeutic mechanisms of change; and (d) the outcome literature/empirical support for each modality. We conclude with a look toward the future of the science of psychotherapy and the scientist-practitioner model of psychotherapy.
Somatoform and Physical Disorders
Authors: Woolfolk Robert L. , Allen Lesley A.
Published: November 2014

This chapter provides an overview of the treatment of somatoform and related disorders. A brief history of the disorder is provided, along with a sociocultural framework in which to conceptualize somatization. The epidemiology of somatoform disorders is discussed. Empirical research evaluating psychosocial treatments for somatoform disorders, including the functional somatic syndromes, is reviewed and critiqued. The rather substantial assortment of treatment options available to clinicians is compared and contrasted, and their level of empirical support evaluated. The limitations of the empirical literature, as well as the treatment implications that can be drawn, are discussed.
Behavioral Ethics Meets Behavioral Law and Economics
Authors: Feldman Yuval
Published: November 2014

The present chapter maps the literature of ethical decision-making in psychology and management and examines the ways in which it could shape behavioral law and economics. The chapter examines the important paradigms and biases that have been developed in this area. Although there has been a significant advance in the understanding of ethical decision-making, conflicting paradigms attempt to describe how good people are responsible for bad deeds. The chapter explains the principal taxonomies, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. On the normative side, the mechanisms developed by this literature uncover the limited ability of current enforcement strategies to shape behavior. The chapter makes suggestions on how to overcome these limitations and address the unaware, automatic unethical behaviors that are described by the bounded ethicality literature.
Law’s Loss Aversion
Authors: Zamir Eyal
Published: November 2014

Kahneman and Tversky’s prospect theory is probably the most influential contribution to behavioral economics, and loss aversion is the most important element of this theory: Losses loom larger than gains. This chapter surveys the effect this notion has had on legal theory. It first provides an overview of the vast psychological literature on loss aversion. It then demonstrates the contribution made by studies of loss aversion in several contexts that are of particular interest to the law, including consumer behavior and litigation and settlement. The chapter further discusses the possibility of triggering loss aversion through legal framing, focusing on two examples: default rules and burden of proof. It also suggests that there is a striking correspondence between loss aversion and basic features of the law, and offers possible explanations for this correspondence. Finally, the chapter briefly discusses some of the normative implications of loss aversion for the law.
The End of Contractarianism?
Authors: Greenfield Kent
Published: November 2014

For a generation, the law of corporations depended on, and sprang from, a notion of economic rationality. This rationality took as its touchstone the efficiency of the marketplace (especially the securities market) and the predictability of the utility-maximizing behavior of the various actors. But behavioralism continues its victorious expansion throughout the law. Though corporate and securities law was perhaps one of the last bastions in the legal academy of the assumptions of neoclassical economics, it is safe to say that the global financial crisis finally marked the end of the glory days of homo economicus. This chapter will describe some of the ways in which economic rationality affected corporate law doctrine and scholarship during its heyday and will then turn to the behavioral research with implications for corporate governance and securities.
Behavioral Analysis of Criminal Law
Authors: Harel Alon
Published: November 2014

After contrasting behavioral criminal law and economics with the retributivist tradition and with traditional criminal law and economics, the chapter illustrates how various behavioral phenomena can be used to predict the effects of criminal law norms and to design criminal law in a way that serves social goals, in particular deterrence. It explores the effects of uncertainty on deterrence; it examines the effects of prospect theory and the differential effects of future uncertainty (prediction) and past uncertainty (postdiction) on the propensity to commit crime. It also investigates the effects of overoptimism on the propensity to commit crime. Last the chapter discusses the literature on happiness and its relevance to the optimal design of criminal law. It establishes that the literature on happiness can be used to promote retributive justice concerns. The chapter concludes by examining critically the potential contribution of behavioral studies to the optimal design of criminal law norms.
Behavioral Economics and the Law
Authors: McCaffery Edward J.
Published: November 2014

This chapter argues that a behavioral law and economics approach to tax is deeply needed for a wider normative analysis of the impacts of law on social welfare. The absence of traditional markets to serve as arbitrage mechanisms in public finance means that suboptimal tax and fiscal systems can arise and persist for long periods of time. Most of the current scholarly applications of behavioral approaches to tax, however, fail to take into account the institutional settings in which tax laws exist. For example, the common recommendation for tax-favored savings plans to counteract a persistent individual-level myopia that leads to undersavings for many suffers from the possibility of being undercut on account of the ability to borrow tax-free under the current income tax system, combined with individual-level myopia itself. Similarly, a recent trend of scholarship that argues for “low salient” taxes to help ameliorate persistent fiscal crises (themselves exacerbated by pervasive behavioral biases playing out in a setting absent effective arbitrage mechanisms) ignores or underplays the real costs of even hidden taxes, both allocatively and distributionally. The chapter concludes that the most critical work for a behavioral law and economics approach to tax lies ahead.
Evidence Law
Authors: Vars Fredrick E.
Published: November 2014

Recent years have witnessed the beginning of an important trend in environmental law and policy, namely the endeavor to integrate insights from the behavioral sciences into regulatory design and implementation. This chapter offers an assessment of the behavioralist turn, arguing that traditional precautionary environmental regulation—criticized by behavioralists as reflective of lay cognitive errors in risk perception—may be defended as providing significant bias correctives of its own. It finds in such perceptions a variety of contextual factors that may be of normative importance and shows that there are powerful reasons to believe that public demand for protection against harmful market externalities may systematically understate the societal need for protection. Drawing from fundamental behavioral scientific insights, the chapter suggests that environmental law must allow for public deliberation about the rearrangement of social rules and incentives in a manner that induces people to act to serve the common good.
Environmental Law
Authors: Kuenzler Adrian , Kysar Douglas A.
Published: November 2014

Recent years have witnessed the beginning of an important trend in environmental law and policy, namely the endeavor to integrate insights from the behavioral sciences into regulatory design and implementation. This chapter offers an assessment of the behavioralist turn, arguing that traditional precautionary environmental regulation—criticized by behavioralists as reflective of lay cognitive errors in risk perception—may be defended as providing significant bias correctives of its own. It finds in such perceptions a variety of contextual factors that may be of normative importance and shows that there are powerful reasons to believe that public demand for protection against harmful market externalities may systematically understate the societal need for protection. Drawing from fundamental behavioral scientific insights, the chapter suggests that environmental law must allow for public deliberation about the rearrangement of social rules and incentives in a manner that induces people to act to serve the common good.
Introduction
Authors: Zamir Eyal , Teichman Doron
Published: November 2014

The past twenty years have witnessed a surge in behavioral studies of law and law-related issues. These studies have challenged the application of the rational-choice model to legal analysis and introduced a more accurate and empirically grounded model of human behavior. This integration of economics, psychology, and law is breaking exciting ground in legal theory and the social sciences, shedding a new light on age-old legal questions as well as cutting-edge policy issues. The Oxford Handbook of Behavioral Economics and Law brings together leading scholars of law, psychology, and economics to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive analysis of this field of research, including its strengths and limitations as well as a forecast of its future development. Its twenty-nine chapters are organized into four parts. The first part provides a general overview of behavioral economics. The second part comprises four chapters introducing and criticizing the contribution of behavioral economics to legal theory. The third part discusses specific behavioral phenomena, their ramifications for legal policymaking, and their reflection in extant law. Finally, the fourth part analyzes the contribution of behavioral economics to fifteen legal spheres ranging from core doctrinal areas such as contracts, torts, and property to areas such as taxation and antitrust policy.
Dacryocystocele After Successful External Dacryocystorhinostomy: A Variant of the Lacrimal Sump Syndrome
Authors: Galindo-Ferreiro Alicia , El-Khamary Sahar M. , Al-Katan Hind , Akaishi Patricia M. , Cruz Antonio A.V.
Published: November 2014

A 25-year-old man presented with a mass on the right medial canthus after a successful dacryo cys torhinostomy performed 3 years ago. On examination, there was a firm, nondepressible mass inferior to the medial canthal ligament and a linear vertical scar on the lateral wall of the nose. Syringing through the right lower punctum indicated his lacrimal system was patent. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging disclosed a large cystic lesion in the lacrimal sac fossa. No bone erosion was detected. The mass was approached through a tear trough incision and completely resected. The lacrimal anastomosis that was highly placed remained patent after surgery. Histopathology of the specimen revealed a cystic lesion compatible with lacrimal origin (dacryocystocele).
Natural allelic variations of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes affect sexual dimorphism inOryzias latipes
Authors: Katsumura Takafumi , Oda Shoji , Nakagome Shigeki , Hanihara Tsunehiko , Kataoka Hiroshi , Mitani Hiroshi , Kawamura Shoji , Oota Hiroki
Published: November 2014

Sexual dimorphisms, which are phenotypic differences between males and females, are driven by sexual selection. Interestingly, sexually selected traits show geographical variations within species despite strong directional selective pressures. This paradox has eluded many evolutionary biologists for some time, and several models have been proposed (e.g. ‘indicator model’ and ‘trade-off model’). However, disentangling which of these theories explains empirical patterns remains difficult, because genetic polymorphisms that cause variation in sexual differences are still unknown. In this study, we show that polymorphisms incytochrome P450(CYP)1B1, which encodes a xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme, are associated with geographical differences in sexual dimorphism in the anal fin morphology of medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). Biochemical assays and genetic cross experiments show that high- and low-activity CYP1B1 alleles enhanced and declined sex differences in anal fin shapes, respectively. Behavioural and phylogenetic analyses suggest maintenance of the high-activity allele by sexual selection, whereas the low-activity allele possibly has experienced positive selection due to by-product effects ofCYP1B1in inferred ancestral populations. The present data can elucidate evolutionary mechanisms behind genetic variations in sexual dimorphism and indicate trade-off interactions between two distinct mechanisms acting on the two alleles with pleiotropic effects of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes.
A Delphi study to update CTE teacher competencies
Authors: Adam Manley R. , Zinser Richard
Published: November 2014

Purpose

The purpose of this project was to create a contemporary taxonomy of Career and Technical Education (CTE) teacher competencies in order to evaluate and improve CTE teacher education.

Design/methodology/approach

This study utilized a modified Delphi technique with a large sample of CTE experts – teachers, administrators, and teacher‐educators in the state of Michigan, USA to identify the competencies and their relative importance.

Findings

As a result, new competencies were added and a number of old competencies were deleted or changed. The product of this research is a matrix of 144 competencies in 13 categories, which also shows the level of importance and degree of consensus for each competency.

Research limitations/implications

The state plans to use the new competencies for a variety of purposes, however caution is advised for making conclusions and generalizations from the study for other applications.

Practical implications

Using the matrix as its infrastructure, CTE teacher‐education institutions can assess their curricula to determine where the competencies are addressed, and use it in the form of a follow‐up survey with recent graduates. CTE administrators might utilize the competencies for internal evaluation of new teachers and as a needs assessment for professional development.

Originality/value

Any effort to improve CTE teaching and teacher‐education, by researchers or policy‐makers, should begin with a consensus on the competencies required for successful teaching and learning.
Flexible working and happiness in the NHS
Authors: Atkinson Carol , Hall Laura
Published: November 2014

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the influence of flexible working on employee happiness and attitude, and the role of this within a high performance work system (HPWS).

Design/methodology/approach

A case study of flexible working within an NHS Acute Trust is presented. A qualitative study is undertaken based on 43 employee interviews across a range of directorates within the Trust.

Findings

Employees perceive that flexible working makes them “happy” and that there are attitudinal/behavioural links between this happiness, discretionary behaviour and a number of performance outcomes.

Research limitations/implications

This paper presents a single case study with a relatively small sample which uses an inductive approach based on emergent data; it explores one element of a HPWS rather than an entire employment system. Respondents were volunteers, which raises the possibility of sample bias.

Practical implications

There may be a need for organisations to focus more on employee happiness to encourage performance. HR practitioners could reflect on the impact of HR practices on happiness and which features of a job role are likely to promote happiness.

Originality/value

This paper contributes a much‐needed employee perspective on the effect of HR practices, specifically that of flexible working, and explores the neglected employee attitude of happiness.
Turning values into valuation
Authors: Strugatch Warren
Published: November 2014

Purpose

This article aims to explore the recent evolution of corporate social responsibility (CSR) from fringe philosophy to corporate buzzword.

Design/methodology/approach

For the period 2008 to mid‐2009, the author surveyed articles in mainstream media and business periodicals focusing on corporate social responsibility; reviewed polls for methodology and results; searched press releases for mention of corporate social responsibility; and interviewed professionals employed in the field. The author sought quantifiable examples of corporate financial support for programs in light of the recessionary economy. The author also looked to define today's corporate social responsibility as a philosophy reflecting the values of environmentalism, corporate transparency, community investment, diversity programs and other social benefits.

Findings

CSR is a wide‐ranging global movement advocating good corporate citizenship through such values as sustainability, corporate transparency, business ethics, workforce diversity, philanthropy, quality, service to community and workforce education. Even as corporations shed costs by the billions, CSR programs are thriving. The reasons are complex, but involve the conflation of CSR with environmentalism, and the apparent genuineness of corporate executives' commitment to its principles.

Research limitations/implications

Research found fewer in‐depth articles on the topic than might be expected, particularly articles providing or examining hard data.

Practical implications

For those seeking to develop, sustain or evaluate a corporate social responsibility program, this article offers context, insight, and caution.

Originality/value

The article suggests there is resilience to corporate social responsibility, in light of the durability it has shown in the current economic downturn.
Internet advertising adoption: a structural equation model for Iranian SMEs
Authors: Hanafizadeh Payam , Behboudi Mehdi , Ahadi Fahimeh , Ghaderi Varkani Fatemeh
Published: November 2014

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide some insights regarding the adoption of internet advertising by Iranian small and medium‐sized enterprises. The recent negative trends leading to a lack of competitive advantage in small businesses and the advantages of internet advertising makes it imperative to study various factors affecting this area of marketing.

Design/methodology/approach

This study reviewed 59 previous related studies, resulting in a comprehensive theoretical framework which explains the advantages of internet advertising for small to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). Via questionnaire, the paper compiles 346 Iranian experts’ opinions in order to test the validity and applicability of variables in Iran. A structural equation model and LISREL software were used to analyze the data.

Findings

A total of seven latent variables of internet advertising adoption were examined: advertising agencies, internet publishers, small and middle‐sized enterprises, government role, e‐commerce development and user types. The paper found that these constructs successfully explain internet advertising adoption by incorporating readiness and globalization stages. The small and medium‐sized enterprises were found to be the most significant for explaining internet advertising adoption.

Research limitations/implications

The sample was restricted to Iranian experts.

Originality/value

This study offers one of the first attempts to build a comprehensive theoretical model explaining internet advertising adoption. Second, this study offers a new scale for internet advertising adoption with higher content validity.
Don't stop the clock: manipulating hospital waiting lists
Authors: Buchanan David A. , Storey John
Published: November 2014

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the theoretical and practical management implications of a case involving the falsification of hospital patient waiting lists for elective orthopaedic surgery.

Design/methodology/approach

This case study is based on qualitative schedule‐structured interviews with 20 senior hospital staff (managerial and clinical), including the head of the investigation team, downloads from the hospital website, and internal hospital documentation. Those data were used to construct an event narrative exploring the underlying causes and implications of the incident.

Findings

The blame for misconduct pointed at three surgeons, a senior manager, a general manager, an assistant general manager, one administrative staff member, and several organizational factors. In addition to censuring some of those involved, an investigation recommended changes to training and working practices, policies and procedures, governance arrangements, and organization culture, and led to an external evaluation of the hospital board. However, one year later, another similar incident occurred.

Research limitations/implications

This is a single case, and events are viewed through a management lens, the individuals concerned being protected by research ethics considerations.

Practical implications

By detailing the sequence of events, surrounding conditions, and the reactions of multiple players, this analysis reveals typified responses to incidents of this kind, and the limitations inherent in post‐event investigations. If the benefits derived from national targets are to be realized in a manner which commands support from staff at all levels, then greater attention should be paid by managers and regulators to issues of transparency, responsiveness, and honesty. As core dimensions of good governance, managers must be accountable for helping to meet targets, and also for tracking how targets are met, ensuring that resources are made available, and that problematic issues raised are promptly and effectively addressed.

Originality/value

Studies of organizational misbehaviour are rare in healthcare where the focus often lies with patient deaths and injuries arising from system failures and gross individual misconduct. The analysis in this case explores the organizational conditions that contribute to such incidents.
Key organizational commitment antecedents for nurses, paramedical professionals and non‐clinical staff
Authors: Caykoylu Sinan , Egri Carolyn P. , Havlovic Stephen , Bradley Christine
Published: November 2014

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a causal model that explains the antecedents and mediating factors predicting the organizational commitment of healthcare employees in different work roles.

Design/methodology/approach

This study tests an integrative causal model that consists of a number of direct and indirect relationships for antecedents of organizational commitment. It is proposed that the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment is best understood by focusing on the three interrelated facets of job satisfaction, i.e. satisfaction with career advancement, satisfaction with supervisor, and satisfaction with co‐workers. However, the model also advances that these job satisfaction facets have different mediating effects for other antecedents of organizational commitment.

Findings

The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) path analysis showed that the job satisfaction facets of career advancement and satisfaction with supervisor had a direct impact on organizational commitment. Employee empowerment, job‐motivating potential, effective leadership, acceptance by co‐workers, role ambiguity and role conflict were also important determinants of organizational commitment. Interestingly,post hocanalyses showed that satisfaction with co‐workers only had an indirect impact on organizational commitment.

Originality/value

While there has been extensive research on organizational commitment and its antecedents in healthcare organizations, most previous studies have been limited either to a single employee group or to a single time frame. This study proposes a practical causal model of antecedents of organizational commitment that tests relationships across time and across different healthcare employee groups.
CEO perceptions of organizational consensus and its impact on hospital restructuring outcomes
Authors: Walston Stephen , Chou Ann F.
Published: November 2014

Purpose

Increased competition and resource scarcity have caused hospitals to seek internal efficiencies by restructuring their structures and processes. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of an organization's orientation toward control and learning and the use of process facilitators on perceived organizational consensus on outcomes related to cost, quality, and the ability to sustain implemented changes following a major hospital restructuring.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from 263 hospitals from across the USA were collected. Factor analysis was employed to develop scales measuring the organization's emphasis on learning, controls, and processes. Regression analysis then examined their relationship to the consensus on restructured outcomes.

Findings

The findings suggest a positive relationship between a learning orientation and processes with improved perceived agreement on restructuring outcomes. Hospitals with control orientations have a negative relationship with perceived organizational consensus.

Research limitations/implications

The research has some limitations. The primary data for both the CEOs' and employees' perspectives comes from hospital CEOs. Also, the study is a cross‐sectional study and lacks longitudinal information. It also includes mostly not‐for‐profit hospitals, with 100 or more beds, in urban areas.

Practical implications

Hospitals will continue to feel pressures for the need to restructure and change. The findings suggest that hospitals achieve better results if they foster a learning orientation and put in place processes to facilitate the challenges of change. Although control systems are important, executives should realize that they might impede organizational efforts during organizational change. Hospitals may succeed in their change efforts by balancing adequate control and learning that are supported by processes to facilitate restructuring efforts.

Originality/value

The work provides an original study on the effects of an organization's orientation of learning and controls and change processes on the perceived consensus of restructuring outcomes. The dichotomy of learning and controls has not been applied to hospital consensus on outcomes. The research suggests that hospitals can improve their change efforts by implementing appropriate processes and greater learning mechanisms. During times of stress and change hospitals often become more control oriented, which may create greater misalignments and ineffective change. Managers should learn from the research that appropriate processes and learning will provide better consensus and more effective change.
Job and career influences on the career commitment of health care executives
Authors: Chen Duan‐Rung , Myrtle Robert , Liu Caroline , Fahey Daniel
Published: November 2014

Purpose

While there is considerable evidence supporting the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment, the relationship between the antecedents of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and career commitment are not clearly understood. This study seeks to clarify whether these antecedents have an effect independent of job satisfaction on career commitment or whether these antecedents are mediated by job satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 2,799 questionnaires were mailed out to members of the American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE). The responses received were 643 (22.9 percent) and after eliminating retirees or students, a sample of 456 respondents currently employed in the health care industry was obtained. Path analysis was conducted to test the hypothetical relationships between work situation, career experiences and career commitment.

Findings

It was found that job satisfaction mediated the influences of job tenure and career pattern on career commitment. Job satisfaction partially mediated the influences of perceived job security and one's satisfaction with career on career commitment. Both of these measures had a direct influence on career commitment. Career experience such as sector change was also positively associated with career commitment.

Research limitations/implications

While the research offers some insights into the factors affecting the career commitment of health care executives, the sample was limited to respondents who were members of the American College of Healthcare Executives, and thus may not represent the views of all managers in the health care sector.

Practical implications

To retain high‐valued health care workers it is important that an organization has a work environment that enhances their commitment to their occupation as well as their careers.

Originality/value

This study clarifies the influence of job satisfaction on the career commitment of health care managers during a very dynamic period.
Investigation of a polymer metal inter‐locking technology for use in load‐bearing automotive components
Authors: Grujicic M. , Sellappan V. , Arakere G. , Ochterbeck J.M. , Seyr Norbert , Obieglo Andreas , Erdmann Marc , Holzleitner Jochen
Published: November 2014

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose and analyse computationally a new concept for mechanical interlocking between metal and plastics. The approach utilizes some of the ideas used in the spot‐clinching joining process and is appropriately named “clinch‐lock polymer metal hybrid (PMH) technology.”

Design/methodology/approach

A new approach, the so‐called “direct‐adhesion” PMH technology, is recently proposed Grujicic et al. to help meet the needs of automotive original equipment manufacturers and their suppliers for a cost‐effective, robust, reliable PMH technology which can be used for the manufacturing of load‐bearing body‐in‐white (BIW) components and which is compatible with the current BIW manufacturing‐process chain. Within this approach, the necessary level of polymer‐to‐metal mechanical interconnectivity is attained through direct adhesion and mechanical interlocking.

Findings

In an attempt to fully assess the potential of the clinch‐lock approach for providing the required level of metal/polymer mechanical interlocking, a set of finite‐element based sheet‐metal forming, injection molding and structural mechanics analyses is carried out. The results obtained show that stiffness and buckling resistance levels can be attained which are comparable with those observed in the competing injection over‐molding PMH process but with an ∼3 percent lower weight (of the polymer subcomponent) and without the need for holes and for over‐molding of the free edges of the metal stamping.

Originality/value

The paper presents a useful discussion of clinch‐lock joining technology's potential for fabrication of PMH load‐bearing BIW components.
Effect of hydrostatic initial stress and rotation in Green‐Naghdi (type III) thermoelastic half‐space
Authors: Ailawalia Praveen , Budhiraja Shilpy , Singh Baljeet
Published: November 2014

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the deformation of Green‐Naghdi (type III) thermoelastic solid half‐space under hydrostatic initial stress and rotation.

Design/methodology/approach

The normal mode analysis is used to obtain the analytical expressions of the displacement components, force stress and temperature distribution.

Findings

The numerical results are given and presented graphically when mechanical/thermal source is applied.

Originality/value

Comparisons are made in the presence and absence of hydrostatic initial stress and rotation and their effect is shown graphically.
Semantic approach to travel information search and itinerary recommendation
Authors: Cao Tuan‐Dung , Nguyen Quang‐Minh
Published: November 2014

Purpose

The growth of online data and services on the Web have have led to the Web become an indispensable tool for the tourist industry. It is not denied that various approaches bring benefits for visitors, in supporting their searching for tourist attractions, such as interesting places for the visit, eating or staying. However, like a coin has two sides, too much information would present a difficulty for people when planning their journeys. Generally, tourists usually have problems when trying to find satisfactory accommodation if references to nearby restaurants, sights or event locations are lacking. In addition, travelers suffer from the information overload when they look for information about potential destinations, events and related services. Providing relevant and up‐to‐date information for the tourists with different personal interests is still a challenging task for the tourist guide information systems. The purpose of this paper is to propose a semantic approach for searching tourist information and generating travel itinerary.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper focus on introducing an ontological model for representation of tourist resources as well as traveler's profile. Based on this model, smart user interfaces facilitating the semantic search have been implemented in the mobile travel guide application. In addition, the authors propose an algorithm for generating travel itinerary which combines semantic matching with ant colony optimization technique.

Findings

The Semantic Tourist informAtion Access and Recommending (STAAR) system, which has been implemented to promote the travel activity in Hanoi, reveals the advantages of the semantic approach in the development of smart application with ontology‐based, user‐friendly interface and high precision information search features. An experiment was conducted to show that the proposed algorithm generates travel itinerary relevant to both criteria of itinerary length and user interest.

Originality/value

This paper presents a novel algorithm for planning a travel itinerary that is optimized on the length as well as semantically matching the user interests.
Developing an empirical classification of violent offences for use in the prediction of recidivism in England and Wales
Authors: Howard Philip , Dixon Louise
Published: November 2014

Purpose

The classification of criminal acts as violent or nonviolent should be a keystone of actuarial predictors of violent recidivism, as it affects their outcome measure and scoring of criminal history, thus influencing many decisions about sentencing, release and treatment allocation. Examination of existing actuarial and clinical violence risk assessment tools and research studies reveals considerable variation in the classifications used. This paper aims to use large samples to develop an alternative, empirically grounded classification that can be used to improve actuarial predictive scores within the offender assessment system (OASys), the tool used by the National Offender Management Service of England and Wales to assess static and dynamic risk.

Design/methodology/approach

Two analytical steps are implemented. First, to identify offences that frequently involve violent acts, 230,334 OASys cases are analyzed for indicators of violent content. Second, the ability of dynamic and static risk factors to predict reoffending for various offence types is investigated, analyzing 26,619 OASys cases that have official recidivism data.

Findings

The resulting empirical classification of violent offences adds public order, criminal damage, threats/harassment, robbery/aggravated burglary and weapon possession offences to the central group of homicide and assault offences. The need to assess risk of sexual recidivism separately is discussed.

Originality/value

This study has successfully produced an offence classification for use in a new predictor of violent recidivism. The use of empirical methods to select these offences helps to maximise predictive validity.
The automatic detection system of flexible printed circuit board’s defect in computer equipment based on picture processing and pattern recognition
Authors: Ren Ke , Hong Yinghan
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to make the test of flexible printed circuit (FPC) board be more efficient and accurate.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper aims to segment an image through applying the technology of computer pattern recognition.

Findings

– The results indicate that the automatic detection system of FPC board’s defect has high efficiency and accuracy in accordance with the requirements of detection.

Originality/value

– This paper managed image segmentation through applying the technology of computer pattern recognition.
Preparation of electronic-grade CuO for copper electrodeposition of printed circuit boards
Authors: Lin Jianhui , Wang Chong , Chen Yuanming , He Wei , Xiao Dingjun , Tan Ze
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper was to present a simple and convenient technology to produce the electronic-grade CuO. The prepared electronic-grade CuO fully meets the demands of industrial production of high density interconnect (HDI).

Design/methodology/approach

– A new method termed as open-circuit potential-time technology is proposed to measure the dissolution time of CuO in plating solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) were used to characterize the prepared CuO. Solder shock and reflow tests were carried out to examine the Cu deposits.

Findings

– All aspects of the prepared CuO meet the demands of printed circuit board (PCB) industry.

Originality/value

– A simple and convenient technology was presented to produce the electronic-grade CuO. A new method was proposed to determine the dissolution time of CuO in plating solution.
Remote monitoring of an omnidirectional smoke detection system using texture features image processing techniques
Authors: Peng Chun-Chi , Hsu Kuei-Shu , Her Ming-Guo , Peng Yen-Chia , Jiang Jinn-Feng , Chen Yi-Jie
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to develop an early fire-alarm raising system based on video processing, and combine it with the omnidirectional projecting system. It not only gives alarm immediately in early fire so that people can be able to strive for more time to escape from the spot, but also solves problem of discontinued screen which was presented fire scene.

Design/methodology/approach

– The smoke detection system is made by image processing. The flowchart of smoke detection is improved, which the method of background updating can filter out the moving objects that only stay for a short time in the image; and avoids these objects being determined to be the background. Moreover, the authors extract the flickering area to separate the non-smoke and smoke from the candidate of smoke regions. Finally, the image processing is applied in omnidirectional projecting system, then presented the 360-degree fire scene.

Findings

– The results show that the smoke detection system can accurately detect the smoke and mark its location, then combining it with the omnidirectional projecting system, although the resolution of omnidirectional projecting system is not enough, it can present a continued screen and location of smoke on the 360-degree cylindrical screen.

Originality/value

– This paper develops the smoke detection based on a improved method of image processing, and the control center staff can see the 360-degree fire scene via omnidirectional projecting system, so shorten the time to find the source of smoke.
Analysis of virtualized cloud server together with shared storage and estimation of consolidation ratio and TCO/ROI
Authors: Rong Chang Bao , Tsai Hsiu-Fen , Chen Chi-Ming , Huang Chien-Feng
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The physical server transition to virtualized infrastructure server have encountered crucial problems such as server consolidation, virtual machine (VM) performance, workload density, total cost of ownership (TCO), and return on investments (ROIs). In order to solve the problems mentioned above, the purpose of this paper is to perform the analysis of virtualized cloud server together with shared storage as well as the estimation of consolidation ratio and TCO/ROI in server virtualization.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper introduces five distinct virtualized cloud computing servers (VCCSs), and provides the appropriate assessment to five well-known hypervisors built in VCCSs. The methodology the authors proposed in this paper will gives people an insight into the problem of physical server transition to virtualized infrastructure server.

Findings

– As a matter of fact, VM performance seems almost to achieve the same level, but the estimation of VM density and TCO/ROI are totally different among hypervisors. As a result, the authors have the recommendation to choose the hypervisor ESX server if you need a scheme with higher ROI and lower TCO. Alternatively, Proxmox VE would be the second choice if you like to save the initial investment at first and own a pretty well management interface at console.

Research limitations/implications

– In the performance analysis, instead of ESX 5.0, the authors adopted ESXi 5.0 that is free software, its function is limited, and does not have the full functionality of ESX server, such as: distributed resource scheduling, high availability, consolidated backup, fault tolerance, and disaster recovery. Moreover, this paper do not discuss the security problem on VCCS which is related to access control and cryptograph in VMs to be explored in the further work.

Practical implications

– In the process of virtualizing the network, ESX/ESXi has restrictions on the brand of the physical network card, only certain network cards can be detected by the VM. For instance: Intel and Broadcom network cards. The newer versions of ESXi 5.0.0 and above now support parts of Realtek series (Realtek 8186, Realtek 8169, and Realtek 8111E).

Originality/value

– How to precisely assess the hypervisor for server/desktop virtualization is also of hard question needed to deal with it crisply before deploying new IT with VCCS on site. The authors have utilized the VMware calculator and developed an approach to server/desktop consolidation, virtualization performance, VM density, TCO, and ROIs. As a result, in this paper the authors conducted a comprehensive approach to analyze five well-known hypervisors and will give the recommendation for IT manager to choose a right solution for server virtualization.