bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deciphering HER2-low breast cancer (BC): insights from real-world data in early stage breast cancer
Authors: Pous Anna , Bernat-Peguera Adrià , López-Paradís Assumpció , Cirauqui Beatriz , Quiroga Vanesa , Teruel Iris , Felip Eudald , Ferrando-Díez Angelica , Bergamino Milana , Boronat Laia , Romeo Margarita , Soler Gemma , Mariño Christian , Rodríguez-Martínez Paula , Pons Laura , Ballana Ester , Martinez-Cardús Anna , Margelí Mireia
Published: October 2024

Background:

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-low has emerged as a potential new entity in breast cancer (BC). Data on this subset are limited, and prognostic results are controversial, evidencing the need of further data in a BC real-world cohort.

Methods:

Patients with HER2-negative stage I–III BC diagnosed between 2006 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed in a single cohort from the Catalan Institute of Oncology Badalona. Demographics and clinicopathological characteristics were examined via medical charts/electronic health records. We aim to describe and compare HER2-0/HER2-low populations through Chi-square or Fisher test, and explore its prognostic impact using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression models.

Results:

From a cohort of 1755 BC patients, 1401 invasive HER2-negative, stage I–III cases were evaluated. 87% were hormone receptor (HR)-positive versus 13% triple negative (TNBC). Overall, 43% were HER2-0 and 57% HER2-low (61% immunohistochemistry (IHC) 1+ and 39% IHC 2+). Comparing HER2-low versus HER2-0, HER2-low showed higher proportion of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (91.6% vs 79.9%, p ⩽ 0.001) and progesterone receptor (PR)-positive (79.8% vs 68.9%, p ⩽ 0.001) cases. HER2-0 exhibited higher proportion of TNBC (20.1% vs 8.4%, p = 0.001), grade III tumors (28.8% vs 23.5%, p = 0.039), and higher Ki67 median value (26.47% vs 23.88%, p = 0.041). HER2-low was associated with longer time to distant recurrence (TTDR) compared to HER2-0 (67.8 vs 54.1 months; p = 0.015) and better BC-related survival (19.2 vs 16.3 years; p = 0.033). In the multivariable analysis, HER2-low was not an independent prognostic factor for TTDR and BC-related survival. ER expression showed a strong association with longer TTDR (Hazard Ratio: 0.425, p ⩽ 0.001) and improved BC-related survival (Hazard Ratio: 0.380, p ⩽ 0.001). PR expression was also associated with longer TTDR (Hazard Ratio: 0.496, p ⩽ 0.001), and improved BC-related survival (Hazard Ratio: 0.488, p ⩽ 0.001). Histological grade III was significantly associated with shorter TTDR (Hazard Ratio: 1.737, p = 0.002). Positive nodal status was the strongest factor correlated with worse BC-related survival (Hazard Ratio: 2.747, p ⩽ 0.001).

Conclusion:

HER2-low was significantly associated with HR-positive disease, whereas HER2-0 group had higher incidence of TNBC, histological grade III and higher Ki67%. Although HER2-low group was associated with longer TTDR and improved BC-related survival, these findings could be explained by the greater proportion of favorable prognostic features in this subgroup compared to HER2-0.
Effectiveness of a Nurse-Led Workplace Intervention in Reducing Cardiovascular Risks Among Thai Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ritngam Arisara , Kalampakorn Surintorn , Lagampan Sunee , Jirapongsuwan Ann
Published: October 2024

Background:

The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is continuously increasing. A nurse-led workplace health promotion program (NWHPP) has demonstrated potential in reducing cardiovascular risks among employees. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the NWHPP in reducing CVD risks among at-risk workers.

Methods:

Sixty workers from 2 factories in Thailand, each with an estimated 10-year cardiovascular risk of 5% or higher (determined by the WHO/ISH cardiovascular risk prediction chart), were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group based on their factory. The intervention group received an 8-week program comprising 3 core components: redesigning healthcare services, strengthening self-management, and obtaining organizational support. Evaluations of the estimated 10-year CVD risk, systolic blood pressure (SBP), smoking status, and body mass index (BMI) were conducted at baseline and at 1- and 3-month follow-ups.

Results:

The intervention group showed significant improvements compared to the control group in CVD risk score ( F = 4.827, P = .017) and SBP ( F = 12.136, P < .001). Moreover, non-smokers were significantly higher in the intervention group (75.0%) compared with the control group (46.2%) after the 3-month follow-up (OR = 3.50; 95%CI 1.11-11.07; P = .030). However, BMI differences between the groups were not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The nurse-led workplace health promotion program effectively improved cardiovascular risk scores among at-risk workers. Developing workplace policies and environments that promote healthy behaviors is essential for reducing CVD risks among at-risk workers.
Influence of Corporate Environmental Responsibility on Dimensions of Brand Equity in the Sustainable Food Industry
Authors: Carbajal-Rubio Luis Alex , García-Salirrosas Elizabeth Emperatriz , Villar-Guevara Miluska , Escobar-Farfán Manuel , Millones-Liza Dany Yudet
Published: October 2024

The objective of this study is to propose a theoretical model where corporate environmental responsibility (CER) influences brand loyalty (BL), perception of brand quality (PQ), brand awareness (BA), and the comparison brand (BC). A survey was carried out using an online questionnaire, and information was collected from 267. The research focuses on people who stated they were consumers of the sustainable food brand in Lima. To test the hypotheses of the proposed research model, the data were analyzed using the partial least squares path modeling method with SmartPLS software. The results showed a significant positive effect of CER on BL, PQ, BA, and BC. In conclusion, it can be stated that organizations that adopt sustainable practices and promote corporate environmental responsibility (CER) not only contribute to caring for the environment but can also improve essential aspects such as the equity of their corporate brand. Therefore, organizations must recognize the importance of taking transparent actions to strengthen the perception of their brand equity related to corporate environmental responsibility. This can translate into stronger customer loyalty and a more prominent position for sustainable food products. This study encourages prioritizing environmental responsibility, understanding that beyond contributing to the care of the environment, it also strengthens relevant aspects within the brand identity.
The Knowledge and Perceptions of Patient Safety and Patient Safety Culture During Dental Training: A Caribbean Perspective
Authors: Marchan Shivaughn M.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Patient safety and the culture of keeping patients safe are not well-researched concepts in dentistry. Research is lacking on patient safety culture in dental teaching hospitals.

Objective

This study examined the knowledge and perceptions of patient safety and patient safety culture in a Caribbean dental school among clinical faculty, dental surgery assistants and recent graduates.

Method

A qualitative research design using an anonymous online open-ended questionnaire, which underwent face validity by three subject matter experts, was used to acquire data to answer three developed research questions. Qualitative data was uploaded to QDA Miner and a five-stage thematic analysis using emergent coding was used to develop themes to answer the research questions.

Results

Qualitative data was obtained from 28 respondents, 12 clinical faculty, 10 recent graduates, and 6 dental surgery assistants. Four participants graduated in 2020, 1 graduated in 2021, and 5 graduated in 2022. The ages of participants ranged from 23 to 74 years. Themes used to answer the research questions included: the application of a clinical knowledge-based framework for the understanding of patient safety, understanding the individual elements of patient safety culture, gatekeepers of patient safety, and understanding personal limitations.

Conclusion

Clinical and curriculum leaders at this dental school should consider the introduction of a patient safety curriculum given respondents understand patient safety from a clinical experiential perspective only and many respondents perceive patient safety culture as being guided predominantly by rules and policies with clinical faculty bearing the ultimate responsibility for keeping patients safe
Analyzing the Impact of COVID-19 on Indian Stock Market Efficiency: Sectoral Behavior
Authors: Singh Shailu , Yadav Ashutosh , K Madhavi Moni , Agarwal Avnish , Pradhan Sandhya
Published: October 2024

The study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Indian stock market, providing insights for informed investment decisions. It analyses efficiency and behavior across eight crucial sectors during two distinct periods: prepandemic (Period 1: February 15th, 2018 to February 14th, 2020) and pandemic (Period 2: February 17th, 2020 to February 15th, 2022). Addressing a literature gap on sector-wise pandemic effects, the study contributes valuable knowledge to investors and policymakers. Utilizing the variance-ratio methodology enhances understanding of market efficiency. The findings reveal distinct behavior in the Indian stock market between Period 1, characterized by stable, normally distributed returns, and Period 2, marked by increased volatility and extreme events, likely influenced by the pandemic.
What helps or hinders intervention success in primary care? Qualitative findings with older adults and primary care practitioners during a feasibility study to address malnutrition risk
Authors: Payne Liz , Grey Elisabeth , Sutcliffe Michelle , Green Sue , Childs Caroline , Robinson Sian , Gudgin Bernard , Holloway Pam , Kelly Jo , Seely Jackie , Le Feuvre Rebekah , Aveyard Paul , Gill Paramjit , Stroud Mike , Little Paul , Lucy Yardley , Morrison Leanne
Published: October 2024

Background

In the UK, about 14% of community-dwelling adults aged 65 and over are estimated to be at risk of malnutrition. Screening older adults in primary care and treating those identified as ‘at risk’ may help reduce malnutrition risk and associated healthcare use, and improve quality of life. The aim of this study is to explore how primary care practitioners (PCPs) and older adults perceive, use and respond to an intervention to support those identified as ‘at risk’.

Methods

We developed and optimised an intervention (screen and treat protocol, online tools and printed materials) to support primary care practitioners to identify malnutrition risk among older adults, and intervene where necessary. We recruited older adults (described as ‘patients’ here) taking part in a feasibility study, and carried out semi-structured interviews to assess PCPs’ and patients’ engagement with the intervention, and identify any contextual issues that supported or undermined their engagement.

Results

Four themes were developed, encompassing patients’ and PCPs’ perceptions of undernutrition, study measures and appointments, constraints on PCPs’ enthusiasm to make a difference, and patients’ expectations of nutritional appointments. Key findings included patients commonly not accepting advice for undernutrition/malnutrition but welcoming support for their nutritional needs; checklists potentially distracting patients from recalling discussions about their nutritional needs; a tension between PCPs’ desire to recruit less-well patients and logistical difficulties in doing so; and patients compromising their nutritional needs to suit others.

Conclusions

Diverse factors influence whether an intervention succeeds in primary care. PCPs learn about an intervention/study in different ways, vary in how they understand and accept its aims, and desire to make a difference to their patients. Patients bring perceptions and expectations about the study’s aims, coloured by their habits and preferences, prior experience of research and healthcare, and pressure from social expectations. Each aspect must be considered when developing a successful primary care intervention that is viewed as relevant and meaningful, and presented using language that aligns with participants’ values and goals. Our findings suggest that references to ‘malnutrition risk’ should be avoided in any patient-facing materials/interactions as participants do not accept or identify with this label.
Initial symptoms and late complication in Lyme neuroborreliosis from the perspective of patients and relatives: a qualitative study
Authors: Nymark Anita , Huniche Lotte , Skarphedinsson Sigurdur , Christensen Helle Marie
Published: October 2024

Background

Lyme borreliosis is by far the most common vector-borne infection in Western Europe. The most severe manifestation of Lyme borreliosis is Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB). In LNB symptoms vary from mild to severe and may include late complications that involve both physical and/or neurocognitive constraints. An estimated 25–28% of the LNB population suffers from late complications. This study investigates patient and relative perspectives on everyday life with LNB symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment to identify areas for improvement of healthcare.

Methods

A focus group was conducted at Odense University Hospital, Denmark. The focus group comprised 16 participants, nine patients diagnosed with LNB who had been treated at the Clinical Center for Emerging and Vector-borne Infections, and seven relatives of the patients’ choice. The focus group lasted 2 ½ hours and was audio recorded as well as documented in field notes.

Results

Data analysis was grounded in the conceptual framework of critical psychology and resulted in three main themes: (1) Burden of LNB symptoms in everyday life, (2) A break in the conduct of everyday life caused by LNB and (3) Need for transparent pathways to specialist knowledge.

Conclusions

Before diagnosis and treatment, each patient reported varying degrees of non-treatable pain, and cognitive and/or musculoskeletal symptoms. Visible physical symptoms were rare. All patients had experienced that their bodily symptoms remained unaddressed throughout numerous encounters with the healthcare system. The course of LNB comes with a break in patients’ everyday lives and self-understandings affecting their ability to work and manage everyday activities. Patients and relatives strongly recommend a specialised LNB clinic.
Clustering-aided prediction of outcomes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Wang Lijun , Wu Peitao , Liu Yi , Patel Divya C , Leonard Thomas B , Zhao Hongyu
Published: October 2024

Background

Blood biomarkers predictive of the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) would be of value for research and clinical practice. We used data from the IPF-PRO Registry to investigate whether the addition of “omics” data to risk prediction models based on demographic and clinical characteristics improved prediction of the progression of IPF.

Methods

The IPF-PRO Registry enrolled patients with IPF at 46 sites across the US. Patients were followed prospectively. Median follow-up was 27.2 months. Prediction models for disease progression included omics data (proteins and microRNAs [miRNAs]), demographic factors and clinical factors, all assessed at enrollment. Data on proteins and miRNAs were included in the models either as raw values or based on clusters in various combinations. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) Cox regression was applied for time-to-event composite outcomes and logistic regression with L1 penalty was applied for binary outcomes assessed at 1 year. Model performance was assessed using Harrell’s C-index (for time-to-event outcomes) or area under the curve (for binary outcomes).

Results

Data were analyzed from 231 patients. The models based on demographic and clinical factors, with or without omics data, were the top-performing models for prediction of all the time-to-event outcomes. Relative changes in average C-index after incorporating omics data into models based on demographic and clinical factors ranged from 1.7 to 3.2%. Of the blood biomarkers, surfactant protein-D, serine protease inhibitor A7 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were among the top predictors of the outcomes. For the binary outcomes, models based on demographics alone and models based on demographics plus omics data had similar performances. Of the blood biomarkers, CC motif chemokine 11, vascular cell adhesion protein-1, adiponectin, carcinoembryonic antigen and MMP-9 were the most important predictors of the binary outcomes.

Conclusions

We identified circulating protein and miRNA biomarkers associated with the progression of IPF. However, the integration of omics data into prediction models that included demographic and clinical factors did not materially improve the performance of the models.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov; No: NCT01915511; registered August 5, 2013; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
MEF-AlloSite: an accurate and robust Multimodel Ensemble Feature selection for the Allosteric Site identification model
Authors: Ugurlu Sadettin Y. , McDonald David , He Shan
Published: October 2024

A crucial mechanism for controlling the actions of proteins is allostery. Allosteric modulators have the potential to provide many benefits compared to orthosteric ligands, such as increased selectivity and saturability of their effect. The identification of new allosteric sites presents prospects for the creation of innovative medications and enhances our comprehension of fundamental biological mechanisms. Allosteric sites are increasingly found in different protein families through various techniques, such as machine learning applications, which opens up possibilities for creating completely novel medications with a diverse variety of chemical structures. Machine learning methods, such as PASSer, exhibit limited efficacy in accurately finding allosteric binding sites when relying solely on 3D structural information.

Scientific Contribution

Prior to conducting feature selection for allosteric binding site identification, integration of supporting amino-acid–based information to 3D structural knowledge is advantageous. This approach can enhance performance by ensuring accuracy and robustness. Therefore, we have developed an accurate and robust model called Multimodel Ensemble Feature Selection for Allosteric Site Identification (MEF-AlloSite) after collecting 9460 relevant and diverse features from the literature to characterise pockets. The model employs an accurate and robust multimodal feature selection technique for the small training set size of only 90 proteins to improve predictive performance. This state-of-the-art technique increased the performance in allosteric binding site identification by selecting promising features from 9460 features. Also, the relationship between selected features and allosteric binding sites enlightened the understanding of complex allostery for proteins by analysing selected features. MEF-AlloSite and state-of-the-art allosteric site identification methods such as PASSer2.0 and PASSerRank have been tested on three test cases 51 times with a different split of the training set. The Student’s t test and Cohen’s D value have been used to evaluate the average precision and ROC AUC score distribution. On three test cases, most of the p-values ($$< 0.05$$

<
0.05

) and the majority of Cohen’s D values ($$> 0.5$$

>
0.5

) showed that MEF-AlloSite’s 1–6% higher mean of average precision and ROC AUC than state-of-the-art allosteric site identification methods are statistically significant.
Inter-lung asymmetrical airway closure cause insufflation delay between lungs in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure
Authors: Rozé Hadrien , Bonnardel Eline , Gallo Eloise , Boisselier Clément , Khan Pierre , Perrier Virginie , Repusseau Benjamin , Brochard Laurent
Published: October 2024

Background

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) can quantify ventilation in the two lungs and be used to measure the airway opening pressure (AOP) of each lung. Asymmetrical AOPs can cause inter-lung insufflation delay.

Objectives

To assess the relation between AOP asymmetry and inter-lung insufflation delay at different PEEP levels.

Methods

Patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and airway closure were included. Low-flow pressure-volume curves and EIT signal were recorded during controlled ventilation and for some patients in pressure support ventilation.

Results

23 patients were studied, 22 patients had ARDS, 9 patients had asymmetrical airway closure with an AOP of 10 [6–13] cmH20 in the sicker lung (AOPsicker) vs. 5 [3–9, ] cmH20 in the healthier lung. During a low flow inflation, the inter-lung inflation delay was 0 [0-112]ms vs. 1450 [375–2400]ms in patients without or with asymmetrical AOPs, p < 0.0001. This delay was correlated to the difference of AOP between the 2 lungs, Spearman R2 = 0.800, p < 0.0001. During tidal ventilation, median delay was 0 [0–62] ms vs. 150 [50–355] ms in patients without vs. with asymmetry, p = 0.019. Setting PEEP at the crossing point of a decremental EIT-based PEEP trial decreased the inter-lung insufflation delay. During pressure support insufflation delay could still be measured and was reduced by increasing PEEP from 5 to 10 cmH2O in patient with asymmetrical lung injury.

Conclusion

In asymmetrical airway closure, titrating PEEP can minimize inter-lung insufflation delay and can be monitored by EIT. Reducing the delay and reducing ventilation asymmetry is also feasible during pressure support ventilation when low flow inflation curves cannot be performed.
Factors influencing sport persistence still represent a knowledge gap – the experience of a systematic review
Authors: Kovács Karolina Eszter , Szakál Zsolt
Published: October 2024

Investigating sport persistence can make a significant contribution to a thorough examination and understanding of the factors underlying an athlete’s activity, integrating physical activity, sports motivation and commitment. This systematic review aimed to detect the papers focusing on the factors influencing sport persistence following the levels of Bronfenbrenner’s and Bauman’s ecological models. Following the PRISMA guidelines, by the EBSCO Discovery Service Search Engine, 512 records were detected, of which 21 met the criteria. Factors influencing sport persistence show a huge variety. Individual factors and micro-system level were overrepresented. Meso- and macro-level factors are underrepresented and measured only with other (individual or micro-system level) factors. Most factors detected at the individual (e.g. gender, age, career-related variables and positive psychological factors), micro- (e.g. family, peers and coaches), meso- (e.g. climate), and macro-level (cultural, societal, and institutional influences) were positively correlated with sport persistence, i.e. supporting the persistent behaviour of the athletes regarding participating in one’s sporting activity. In conclusion, there is still room for further research concerning sport persistence. Including variables belonging to the meso- and macro-system and conducting longitudinal research should be considered which would allow us to better understand the nature of sport persistence.
Two unequal shots in the same hole: Statistical versus deterministic deconvolution
Authors: Ziolkowski Anton , Baeten Guido
Published: October 2024

Determination of the source time function and earth impulse response for explosive source seismic reflection data is traditionally performed using predictive deconvolution, which assumes the reflection seismogram is the convolution of a minimum-phase wavelet with a white, random, stationary sequence of impulses. We compare this statistical method with a new deterministic method that uses two unequal shots close together in the same hole and assumes a seismogram is the convolution of a source time function with a Green’s function, plus noise. The seismograms from the two shots share essentially the same Green’s function to any receiver because the shots are close together. The Green’s function is estimated by deconvolving the two seismograms at a given receiver for the corresponding source time functions, which are modeled independently; source parameters are obtained by trial and error by minimizing the difference between the two estimates of the Green’s function. We test these competing theories using seismic reflection data acquired with two charges fired separately in the same hole into a receiver spread of 1178 bunched geophone groups at 10 m intervals: a 1 kg charge at 42 m depth and a 2 kg charge at 40 m depth. The criterion for a comparison of the theories is the similarity of the recovered impulse responses at any receiver. Each method recovers a wavelet, or source time function, for each shot and two estimates of the impulse response, or Green’s function, at each receiver. Green’s functions recovered from the two shots using the deterministic method are almost identical and are measurably more similar than the impulse responses recovered using predictive deconvolution. That is, the deterministic method is better. The resolution of explosive source seismic reflection data can now be significantly improved with the new method and minimal additional field effort of loading one extra charge per shot hole.
Severe Hypercalcemia in an Infant With Transient Disaccharidase Deficiency
Authors: Barron Carly , Novack Shira , Prendaj Erealda , Regelmann Molly O
Published: October 2024

A previously healthy 11-month-old, full-term female developed growth failure, feeding intolerance, and irritability starting at 10 months of age. She was found to have a serum calcium level of 3.75 mmol/L (15 mg/dL) (reference range, 2.13-2.62 mmol/L; 8.5-10.5 mg/dL), consistent with severe hypercalcemia. She had bilateral nephrocalcinosis. Hypercalcemia improved with intravenous fluid hydration, but calcium rose again once intravenous fluids were discontinued and while consuming a low-calcium diet. Laboratory tests for common causes of hypercalcemia were negative. Stool-reducing substances were positive on 2 occasions. Endoscopic biopsy confirmed low disaccharidase levels. Her diet was changed to disaccharide-free formula, and hypercalcemia resolved. Genetic testing for congenital disaccharidase deficiency was negative. After repeat endoscopy demonstrating improved disaccharidase levels, disaccharides were incrementally reintroduced to the diet and calcium levels remained normal. This case demonstrates that disaccharidase deficiency, a rare inborn error of metabolism associated with hypercalcemia, may be a transient cause of hypercalcemia. The mechanism of hypercalcemia remains unknown.
Θρομβοελαστομετρία με την μέθοδο NATEM σε νεογνά με υπολειπομένη ενδομήτρια αύξηση
Authors: Καραπατή Ελένη
Published: October 2024

Εισαγωγή: Τα νεογνά με ενδομήτρια υπολειπόμενη αύξηση (ΕΥΑ) εμφανίζουν αιμορραγικές και θρομβωτικές επιπλοκές κατά την νεογνική περίοδο. Η θρομβοπενία, η δυσλειτουργία των αιμοπεταλίων και οι παρατεταμένοι χρόνοι πήξης αποτελούν συχνές εργαστηριακές διαταραχές. Η θρομβοελαστομετρία (ROTEM) αποτελεί γρήγορη και λεπτομερή μέθοδο ελέγχου της πήξης παρά την κλίνη του ασθενούς. Η μέθοδος NATEM (nonactivated thromboelastometry) αξιολογεί το σύνολο του αιμοστατικού μηχανισμού in vivo, καθώς χρησιμοποιεί μόνο την προσθήκη ασβεστίου στο δείγμα χωρίς την προσθήκη κάποιου άλλου αντιδραστηρίου.Σκοπός: Η μελέτη του αιμοστατικού μηχανισμού νεογνών με ΕΥΑ με τη χρήση θρομβοελαστομετρίας με τη μέθοδο NATEM σε δείγματα αίματος ομφαλίου λώρου. Ασθενείς-Μέθοδος: Πρόκειται για προοπτική μελέτη διάρκειας 18 μηνών. Συλλέχθηκαν δείγματα αίματος ομφαλίου λώρου από 101 νεογνά με ΕΥΑ, 19 πρόωρα (37 εβδομάδες κύησης) και αναλύθηκαν με την μέθοδο NATEM, βάσει οδηγιών κατασκευαστή. Παράλληλα ελήφθη και δείγμα για διενέργεια γενικής αίματος. 189 νεογνά με φυσιολογικό βάρος γέννησης (AGA) χρησιμοποιήθηκαν ως μάρτυρες. Ως νεογνό με ΕΥΑ ορίζονταν εκείνα που βρίσκονταν κάτω από την 10η εκατοστιαία θέση βάρους για την ηλικία κύησης, υπολογισμένη με το πρόγραμμα GROW (Gestation Related Optimal Weight),συγκεκριμένη παθολογία κύησης και παθολογικά Doppler στην εγκυμοσύνη. Οι τιμές που καταγράφησαν ήταν οι εξής: χρόνος πήξης(CT), χρόνος δημιουργίας θρόμβου (CFT), γωνία α, εύρος του θρόμβου στα 5, 10 και 20 λεπτά (Α5, Α10, Α20), μέγιστο εύρος του θρόμβου (MCF), ποσοστό θρόμβου μετά το MCF που έχει απομείνει στα 30 και 60 λεπτά (LI30, LΙ60) και μέγιστη ελαστικότητα θρόμβου (MCE).Αποτελέσματα: Τα νεογνά με ΕΥΑ εμφανίζουν υποπηκτικό προφίλ, με χαμηλότερες τιμές A5, A10, A2, MCF και MCE συγκριτικά με τα AGA νεογνά. Με την χρήση πολυμεταβλητής ανάλυσης η ΕΥΑ αναδείχθηκε ένας ανεξάρτητος παράγοντας που επηρεάζει σχεδόν όλες τις τιμές NATEM, με χαμηλότερες τιμές A5, A10, A20, MCF, γωνία α και MCE και υψηλότερες τιμές CFT και LI60, αναδεικνύοντας όχι μόνο υποπηκτικό αλλά και υποϊνωδολυτικό προφίλ. Εντός του πληθυσμού των νεογνών με ΕΥΑ, συσχετίσθηκε, μέσω του συντελεστή συσχέτισης Spearman, η τιμή pH του ομφαλίου λώρου αρνητικά με τις παραμέτρους LI30 και LI60, ενώ η ηλικία κύησης συσχετίσθηκε σημαντικά θετικά με τις ίδιες παραμέτρους. Επιπλέον ο αριθμός των αιμοπεταλίων συσχετίσθηκε σημαντικά θετικά με τις παραμέτρους A5, A10, A20, MCF, alpha angle, και MCE και αρνητικά με την CFT, ενώ η αιμοσφαιρίνη συσχετίσθηκε αντίστροφα με τις ίδιες παραμέτρους. Συμπεράσματα: Τα νεογνά με ΕΥΑ εμφανίζουν μειωμένη ισχύ, ανθεκτικότητα και ταχύτητα σχηματισμού και ινωδόλυσης του θρόμβου. Μελέτες με μεγαλύτερο αριθμό συμμετεχόντων είναι απαραίτητες ώστε να επιβεβαιώσουν τα αποτελέσματά αυτά και να τα συσχετίσουν με κλινικές εκδηλώσεις.
Machine learning with applications in cyber security
Authors: Σαρίδου Δέσποινα
Published: October 2024

Τα τελευταία χρόνια, η Μηχανική Μάθηση είχε επαναστατική επίδραση στον τομέα της κυβερνοασφάλειας. Αυτή της η ενσωμάτωση ενισχύθηκε ιδιαίτερα από την εμφάνιση εξαιρετικά εξελιγμένων κυβερνοαπειλών, των οποίων η ανίχνευση και ο περιορισμός γίνονται όλο και πιο δύσκολο να επιτευχθούν μέσω παραδοσιακών προσεγγίσεων, αλλά και την ικανότητα της Μηχανικής Μάθησης να παρέχει εργαλεία για την έξυπνη ανίχνευση απειλών, όπως η ανάλυση μεγάλου όγκου δεδομένων, η ανίχνευση ανώμαλων μοτίβων και η πρόβλεψη σε πραγματικό χρόνο. Ταυτόχρονα, τα τελευταία χρόνια παρατηρείται ένας αυξανόμενος αριθμός κυβερνοεπιθέσεων που έχουν ως στόχο κρίσιμες υποδομές, όπως τηλεπικοινωνίες, υγειονομική περίθαλψη, ενέργεια και δημόσιες υπηρεσίες, δομές των οποίων η αδιάκοπη παροχή υπηρεσιών υψηλής διαθεσιμότητας είναι πρωταρχικής σημασίας. Επιπλέον, ένα σοβαρό πρόβλημα πολλών Συστημάτων Ανίχνευσης Εισβολών είναι ότι για την ανίχνευση πρωτότυπων επιθέσεων βασίζονται στις υπογραφές γνώριμων απειλών, μια προσέγγιση που αποδεδειγμένα παρουσιάζει μέτρια αποτελέσματα για την αντιμετώπιση επιθέσεων zero-day. Ακολουθώντας μια εφαρμογοκεντρική προσέγγιση, η παρούσα διατριβή αντιμετωπίζει αυτές τις ελλείψεις προτείνοντας μια σειρά αμυντικών εργαλείων που εντάσσουν την αποτελεσματικότητα της Μηχανικής Μάθησης ως το κεντρικό τους στοιχείο. Παράλληλα, αντιμετωπίζει τις εγγενείς υπολογιστικές προκλήσεις που χαρακτηρίζουν τις διαδικασίες που βασίζονται στην εκπαίδευση Μηχανής, ενώ συμπεριλαμβάνει όσο το δυνατόν περισσότερες προκλήσεις για κάθε πρόβλημα ασφάλειας, ώστε να εξετάσει την κάθε εφαρμογή στο πιο ρεαλιστικό της σενάριο. Ιδιαίτερη έμφαση δίνεται επίσης στην προστασία των κρίσιμων υποδομών, ενός περιβάλλοντος που είναι ιδιαίτερα ευάλωτο σε επιχειρησιακές επιθέσεις. Ακόμη, ενσωματώνει στις προτεινόμενες λύσεις αρχές της ασαφούς λογικής, αναγνωρίζοντας τη σημαντική συμβολή της στον τομέα της μηχανικής ευφυΐας. Η συνεισφορά αυτού του έργου περιλαμβάνει α) τη χρήση δεδομένων DNS για την αντιμετώπιση καταστάσεων υπερφόρτωσης των διακομιστών DNS, β) τη μελέτη ενός υποτιμημένου είδους επίθεσης που στοχεύει υποδομές ευάλωτες στη θερμοκρασία, όπως τα κέντρα δεδομένων και γ) μια εκτεταμένη ανάλυση ανίχνευσης κακόβουλης δραστηριότητας (που διεξήχθη σε δύο μέρη), η οποία βασίζεται στην μετατροπή αρχείου σε εικόνα, την έξυπνη ανάθεση χρώματος, τις καμπύλες χωροπλήρωσης, τη Βαθιά Μάθηση και μια οικονομικότερη αναπαράσταση των εικόνων. Ενώ οι δύο πρώτες εφαρμογές αυτού του έργου συμβάλλουν άμεσα στις εισβολές που στοχεύουν κρίσιμα συστήματα, η εφαρμογή που βασίζεται στην οπτικοποίηση αρχείου (binary visualisation) και η επέκτασή της μπορούν επίσης να εφαρμοστούν σε κρίσιμες υποδομές. Τέλος, όλες αυτές οι εφαρμογές μπορούν να θεωρηθούν ως τα ζωτικά μέρη ενός Συστήματος Ανίχνευσης Εισβολών με λειτουργικές μονάδες που προωθούν την έξυπνη ανίχνευση κακόβουλης δραστηριότητας κάνοντας χρήση ιστορικών δεδομένων.
Integrated approach of involved computational biomarkers towards designing personalized precision medicine protocols for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Καδένα Κατερίνα
Published: October 2024

Η αμυοτροφική πλευρική σκλήρυνση (ALS) αποτελεί μια τεράστια πρόκληση λόγω των καταστροφικών συνεπειών της και της πολυπλοκότητας της αιτιολογίας της. Αυτή η ολοκληρωμένη μελέτη εμβαθύνει στην πολύπλευρη φύση της ALS, χρησιμοποιώντας μια ολιστική προσέγγιση που ενσωματώνει τη γενετική ανάλυση, την ανακάλυψη βιοδεικτών, τις omics τεχνολογίες και τις στρατηγικές επαναπροσδιορισμού φαρμάκων. Εστιάζοντας στο γενετικό τοπίο της ALS, εντοπίζονται κρίσιμες παραλλαγές και μεταλλάξεις σε κομβικά γονίδια όπως τα SOD1, C9ORF72, TARDBP και FUS, αναδεικνύοντας τη γενετική ετερογένεια της νόσου και την ανάγκη για εξατομικευμένη ιατρική. Η διερεύνηση βιοδεικτών αποκάλυψε πιθανούς υποψήφιους βιοδείκτες για την έγκαιρη διάγνωση και την παρακολούθηση της εξέλιξης της νόσου, δίνοντας έμφαση στους νευροϊνίδια, τους φλεγμονώδεις μεσολαβητές και συγκεκριμένα miRNAs. Αξιοποιώντας την πρωτεομική και τη μεταβολική, αποκαλύφθηκαν νέες γνώσεις σχετικά με τις μοριακές μεταβολές που σχετίζονται με την ALS, υποδεικνύοντας καινοτόμους θεραπευτικούς στόχους. Ένα σημαντικό μέρος αυτής της μελέτης αφιερώθηκε στην επαναπροσδιορισμό φαρμάκων, χρησιμοποιώντας μηχανική μάθηση, χημειοπληροφορική και αναλύσεις βασισμένες σε δίκτυα για τον εντοπισμό εγκεκριμένων από τον FDA φαρμάκων με πιθανή αποτελεσματικότητα κατά της ALS, στοχεύοντας ιδιαίτερα στην πρωτεΐνη TDP-43 που εμπλέκεται στην πλειονότητα των περιπτώσεων. Αυτή η προσπάθεια είχε ως αποτέλεσμα στον εντοπισμό πολλών υποσχόμενων θεραπευτικών παραγόντων, προσφέροντας ταχύτερη πορεία προς την κλινική εφαρμογή. Η κατασκευή ενός δικτύου φαρμάκων-στόχων (DTN) και η επακόλουθη ανάλυση λειτουργικού εμπλουτισμού παρείχαν βαθύτερη κατανόηση της περίπλοκης μοριακής αλληλεπίδρασης στην ALS και ανέδειξαν την πολυπλοκότητα της παθολογίας της. Τα ευρήματα αυτής της μελέτης συμβάλλουν σημαντικά στην κατανόηση της ALS, προσφέροντας νέες προοπτικές για τους γενετικούς και βιομοριακούς μηχανισμούς της και παρουσιάζοντας μια βάση για μελλοντικές θεραπευτικές στρατηγικές. Με τον εντοπισμό υποσχόμενων υποψήφιων φαρμάκων και τη διαλεύκανση των μοριακών μονοπατιών που εμπλέκονται στην ALS, η παρούσα έρευνα ανοίγει το δρόμο για περαιτέρω πειραματική επικύρωση και κλινικές δοκιμές, με στόχο τη μετατροπή αυτών των γνώσεων σε αποτελεσματικές θεραπείες για την ALS.
Έργα και ημέρες ενός διαβόητου συκοφάντη (;) στην Αθήνα του 4ου αι. π.Χ.: Θεοκρίνης Υβάδης
Authors: Μπαρτζώκα Αλεξάνδρα
Published: October 2024

Theocrines was a well-known sycophant who often brought false charges against his fellow citizens in the hope of profiting financially. This is what Epichares asserts in his oration Against Theocrines, delivered ca. 343-338 BCE, in order to avenge his father. Theocrines had earlier charged and successfully prosecuted Epichares' father for proposing an illegal decree. This led Epichares to bring a denunciation against Theocrines, claiming that his adversary had violated numerous laws on several occasions. Apart from this speech, two epigraphic testimonies also provide biographical details about Theocrines. These inscriptions suggest that, following his trial, he took on public offices as a public arbitrator and councillor. This article aims to combine these different aspects of Theocrines' life and challenge the negative and stereotypical depiction of him as a notorious sycophant. This portrayal has been predominant in modern studies primarily because they heavily rely on Epichares's speech alone. Hence, the critical question arises whether this speech delivered by a vindictive Epichares can be taken literally to draw reliable conclusions about the reprehensible practices attributed to Theocrines. Characterizing Theocrines solely as a sycophant is debatable and only represents one facet of his public life. Thus, by examining these varied sources, we can develop certain hypotheses about Theocrines' character, the substance of Epichares' claims, and the workings of Athenian democracy.
Renewable energy: A way out for South Sudan’s electricity crisis
Authors: Ayik Aban , Ijumba Nelson
Published: October 2024

South Sudan is one of the least electrified countries in the world, despite having abundant renewable energy resources that could be exploited to generate electricity. The country relies on imported diesel for electricity generation, besides having limited focus on renewable energy development. This policy brief sheds light on the potential of renewable energy as a solution to South Sudan’s ongoing electricity crisis. It examines the key factors hindering the development of renewable energy resources for electricity generation in the country. The brief also provides recommendations to the Government of South Sudan, policymakers, experts, and funding institutions on how to improve electricity access in the country. It is stressing on the importance of prioritising the development of diverse renewable energy resources, such as solar, wind, and small hydropower, as an immediate solution to the electricity access challenges in the country.
The science of printing and polishing 3D-printed dentures
Authors: Sulaya Kavishma , B V Swapna , Nayak Vaishnavi M
Published: October 2024

Objective To analyze the effectiveness of various techniques available for printing, finishing and polishing of 3D printed prosthesis. Methods The articles were selected from electronic databases including PubMed and Scopus. Recently, lot of advancements have been observed in the field of 3D printing in dentistry. Results Numerous studies were found explaining the factors affecting the surface roughness such as printing speed, direction, layer thickness, post curing, etc., and the significance in achieving a smooth surface finish of a 3D printed prosthesis. The methods employed to achieve this range, similar to conventional and chairside polishing, are to use advanced coating materials such as light cured glazes to nanoparticles. Conclusion 3D printing is being used in day-to-day practice and the prosthesis must be aesthetic looking to satisfy the patients’ expectations. There is a lack of data supporting any one polishing method for the prosthesis. There is a need for further research on the existing techniques and newer advancements yielding aesthetic prostheses with an optimal surface finish.
Textus, pictura, musica. Średniowieczny kodeks rękopiśmienny jako przedmiot badań interdyscyplinarnych
Authors: Jakubek-Raczkowska Monika , Czyżak Marta
Published: October 2024

This monograph is the third volume of the series "Studies on the scriptorium and the manuscript heritage of the Middle Ages", integrating the results of interdisciplinary research (both individual and cross-sectional studies) on manuscript codes, taking into account various perspectives and methods, including literary studies, source studies, codicology, musicology, and monument studies. The consecutive sections present the interdisciplinary paths of researchers, primarily within source studies (Textus, with analytical articles by Michał Sołomieniuk and Monika Opalińska) and art history (Pictura, with an in-depth study in the field of art history by Szymon Tracz), but also interdisciplinary research on liturgical music books (Musica: articles by Dominika Grabiec, Piotr Ziółkowski, and Monika Raczkowska and Juliusz Raczkowski), with an important thread of the Teutonic heritage. In addition to theoretical research works aimed at recognising and valuing the manuscript heritage, the monograph in the Traditio section highlights the modern field related to the protection and dissemination of manuscript books, in which an interdisciplinary approach plays a key role: conservation activities undertaken with medieval manuscripts (texts by Małgorzata Pronobis-Brzezińska and Lidia Bannach -Szewczyk and Barbara Wojdyło) and activities related to making them available via modern technologies (chapters by Anna Karolina Zawada, Marta Czyżak and Dominik Piotrowski).
Toruńskie konfrontacje archiwalne, t. 7: Komu i do czego potrzebne są archiwa?
Authors: Rosa Agnieszka , Chorążyczewski Waldemar , Wiśniewska-Drewniak Magdalena
Published: October 2024

The phenomenon of the archive can be discussed in many ways; the simplest of them is to analyse the scholarly texts of this phenomenon’s observers. This time, the authors of vol. 7 of Toruńskie Konfrontacje Archiwalne (Toruń Archival Confrontations) propose a different path – multiple case studies of the creation and use of archives. The general purposes of establishing and using archives are known. They result from the following needs: legal-administrative, informational-political, memory and identity building, guarding the privileges and purity of the group, documentation-historical, control, aimed at others – the rulers, the ruled, strangers. However, generalisation loses the nuances and chiaroscuro of real situations. Only the analysis of specific cases provides material for learning about the mechanisms of creating and using archives. Thus, the phenomenon of the archive becomes more understandable to people involved in the archival field to varying degrees and in various ways.
Harnessing Cannabis: Pain Management Strategies for Oncology Patients – A Narrative Review
Authors: Kopczyński Cezary , Kopczyńska Urszula , Malinowski Piotr , Sikorski Piotr , Gurdak Kinga , Dydyk Martyna , Dyrek Martyna , Błaszczak Ewa , Wójcik Jakub , Partyka Aleksandra
Published: October 2024

Cancer-related pain represents a serious challenge in oncological care, often refractory to conventional analgesics and significantly impacting patients' quality of life. In recent years, medical marijuana (cannabis) has emerged as a potential adjunctive or alternative therapy for managing pain in oncological patients. This narrative review critically evaluates the existing literature on the efficacy, safety, and underlying mechanisms of action of medical marijuana in alleviating pain associated with cancer. Drawing upon a synthesis of preclinical and clinical studies, as well as meta-analyses and systematic reviews, this review provides insights into the scientific basis and clinical implications of utilizing medical marijuana in oncological pain management.
Pemphigoid Gestationis - literature review
Authors: Wdowiak Krystian , Maciocha Agnieszka , Wąż Julia , Witas Aleksandra , Drogoń Justyna , Chachaj Weronika , Słomka Paulina , Gwóźdź Edyta , Szymkowiak Natalia , Gardocka Ewa
Published: October 2024

Introduction and Objective: Pemphigoid gestationis (PG) is a rare, self-limiting autoimmune disorder, typically appearing in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. It can lead to postpartum exacerbations, and studies suggest an increased risk of preterm birth and the development of Graves' disease in the mother. The aim of this article is to gather the latest information on pemphigoid gestationis.
Review Methods: A review of studies available in the PubMed database was conducted using the keywords "pemphigoid gestationis" and "dermatoses of pregnancy" in order to find publications from the last 8 years.
Brief Description of the State of Knowledge: Pemphigoid gestationis (PG) is characterized by the production of IgG1 antibodies against bullous pemphigoid antigen 180 (BP180). The primary symptom of PG is intense itching, which often occurs before skin lesions develop. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through direct immunofluorescence (DIF) of perilesional skin. Treatment focuses on relieving itching and preventing new blister formation, usually starting with topical corticosteroids for mild cases, while systemic corticosteroids are reserved for more severe presentations. Recent research indicates that biologic therapies may also offer effective management options for PG.
Summary: The authors highlight the need for further research due to the limited sample sizes in existing studies, as well as the potential complications during pregnancy and long-term health effects.
Natural ways of vitamin D supplementation – detailed evaluation of Cantharellus cibarius
Authors: Naruszewicz Maria , Midro Aleksandra , Cetnarowski Przemysław , Zagórski Karol , Kozik Mateusz , Skalksa-Dziobek Nina , Małagocka Weronika , Chybowska Karolina , Rozpłoch-Sapa Maria , Orłowski Mateusz , Szymański Maciej
Published: October 2024

Introduction and purpose: In the past, fungi were considered a very low-value meal, however in modern literature, they are increasingly more frequently studied for their nutritional and medical properties. They are being currently reconsidered as an abundant source of nutrients that may be incorporated in diets of individuals of special medical needs, such as obese and diabetic patients. The purpose of this review is to evaluate one of the most common edible mushroom species, Cantharellus cibarius (girolle, golden chanterelle) for its health promoting properties with particular emphasis on its vitamin D content. It was of considerable importance for us to analyse the amount of vitamin D in the mentioned mushroom, as this micronutrient deficiency is fairly common in the human population.
Material and method: The available literature was reviewed as provided by PubMed database and Google Scholar, with the use of keywords.
State of knowledge: Golden chanterelle mushroom is a valuable source of proteins, mineral ingredients like potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron and calcium, while containing low amounts of sodium and fat. The mushroom is especially valuable for its rich content of vitamin D, ranging up to 63 μg/100g fresh weight.
Conclusions: This paper may help other scientists expand their research on golden chanterelle properties. Moreover, girolle, as naturally containing many pro-health metabolites, may serve as natural supplementation of microelements.
Relação família-escola de crianças imigrantes na educação infantil: o que as pesquisas (não) têm a dizer?
Authors: Dos Santos Márcia de Souza , Ruela Alves Rosimária Aparecida , Machado Erica Esch
Published: October 2024

A era da imigração no mundo, marcadamente acentuada nas últimas décadas do século XX, parece ter se tornado, no início deste novo século, a era de uma crise migratória (GUIZARDI, 2019). Diante desse quadro, por certo, é preciso pensar, entre outras questões, na necessidade de assegurar o direito à educação às crianças de famílias imigrantes. Assim, partindo da perspectiva de reafirmação do direito à educação pública de qualidade socialmente referenciada, o presente texto tem como foco temático a imigração dentro da Educação Infantil, tendo como objetivo mapear a produção sobre as pesquisas desenvolvidas sobre Educação Infantil, família e imigração, a fim de tentar compreender o que os pesquisadores e pesquisadoras têm evidenciado em suas pesquisas. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura sobre o tema em repositórios de dissertações e teses consultadas no BTDT - Biblioteca Digital brasileira de Dissertações e Teses), na Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, no Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de Minas Gerais - RIUEMG e nas teses e dissertações disponíveis no site do programa de pós-graduação da UEMG, de pesquisas realizadas nos últimos dez anos (2010-2020), mantendo diálogo com as revisões de literatura na mesma temática de Braga (2019) e Silva & Braga (2019). Os resultados revelam a escassez de trabalhos que contextualizam as permanências e rupturas promovidas pela presença de estudantes imigrantes nas escolas, principalmente para a Educação Infantil. Palavras-chave: Educação Infantil; educação para imigrantes; fluxos migratórios contemporâneos.