bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Infectious Diseases Consultation in Patients With Candidemia at a Multisite Health Care System With Established Antimicrobial Stewardship and Telemedicine Services
Authors: Speight Carly C , Williamson Julie E , Ebied Alex M , Medaris Leigh Ann , McCurdy Lewis , Hammer Katie L
Published: July 2023

Background

Infectious diseases consultation improves outcomes in patients with candidemia, although some facilities lack access to consultation. This multisite health care system study compared in-hospital mortality in patients with candidemia across 3 groups—those who received on-site consultation, telemedicine consultation, or no consultation. All patients were reviewed by an antimicrobial stewardship pharmacist.

Methods

A retrospective observational cohort study was performed of adult hospitalized patients with candidemia from January 2018 to October 2021. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included receipt and duration of antifungals, removal of central venous lines if present, ophthalmologic examination, echocardiography, and determination of infection source.

Results

A total of 265 patients were evaluated: 187 in the on-site consultation group, 49 in the telemedicine consultation group, and 29 in the nonconsultation group. Although in-hospital mortality did not differ significantly between the on-site and nonconsultation groups, it was significantly lower in the telemedicine group when compared with the nonconsultation group (10.2% vs 34.5%, P = .009). Patients who received on-site or telemedicine consultation had significantly more antifungal therapy initiated, appropriate therapy duration, central lines removed, and echocardiography performed, as well as fewer unknown candidemia sources, vs those in the nonconsultation group.

Conclusions

This is the first study of a multisite health care system providing telemedicine services to evaluate the impact of infectious diseases consultation on candidemia mortality. These findings suggest that when on-site consultation is unavailable, infectious diseases telemedicine consultation and antimicrobial stewardship can improve outcomes and should be considered for all patients with candidemia at resource-limited sites.
Conclusions and Policy Implications
Authors: Gradín Carlos , Lewandowski Piotr , Schotte Simone , Sen Kunal
Published: July 2023

In this concluding chapter, we discuss some considerations that can emerge from the various studies included in this book to understand inequality in developing countries over the past two decades. We also discuss some general policy implications when it comes to mitigating the impact of the changing nature of work on inequality.
Retaining
Authors: Barrett Graham
Published: July 2023

This chapter ‘follows the parchment’. When a charter was drawn up, the beneficiary received both that record of transaction and prior written titles of that property; repeated over time, this process formed and combined archives. If we start at its first stage, the initial handover, we see signs that parties of all types, institutions and individuals, clergy and laity, maintained and curated archives. The dorsal notes on the reverse side of numerous originals, summarising key details to facilitate identification and consultation, point to organisational habits and awareness of a need for access common to all levels of society. Charters were not written and then forgotten, or husbanded by the powerful; they were kept at the ready for use as needed. References in documents from the ninth and tenth centuries also imply efforts at storage with greater security or in more accessible order by preparing copies and compiling extracts, leading to the confection of the oldest surviving Iberian cartularies in the later eleventh century. These advanced expressions of medieval archiving were created by the agents of churches and monasteries, who had realised how to use the written word to shape the contours of historical memory and organise the management of property.
Proving
Authors: Barrett Graham
Published: July 2023

This chapter introduces the network of the corpus of charters, by delineating the interconnectedness between them. Charters were self-promoting: they situated themselves in a network of other charters, bearing witness to the ongoing relevance of each one beyond its creation, and acting to identify additional means of defence in court. As charters cited other charters to confirm themselves, to establish a background of textual transactions, to flag other relevant records, and to supply further pertinent information, they constructed interconnections, and created a written world in which parchment was power. They defined ownership of property as possession of written title, and as documentary evidence was brought to bear in settling disputes, it served not simply for display, but was integrated through testimony, oaths, and ordeals into the participating community even as it was put to the test. Written evidence was substance, not show, and in attempts to steal it, extract it by force, or forge it, we perceive widespread acceptance of and desire to capitalise on its potential. In each victory for text in court, with firm action taken against incidences of false documentation, its social status rose; using charters led to use of charters, respecting charters engendered respect for charters.
Framing
Authors: Barrett Graham
Published: July 2023

This chapter explores the second component of the network of texts in which charters positioned themselves: the written law of the Visigothic code, deployed and debated in the records of transactions and disputes. Some citations of legal precepts and provisions recur so often as to be formulaic: to confirm the legality of the act, or to assess or assign the penalty for interference, law is a crucial element of the legitimising rhetoric of the text. But there are many citations which are unique or too extensive or adapted to be template, and imply first-hand engagement with law, at some stage; here the weight of legislation on inheritance, property, procedures, and penalties provided not so much a determinant of as a foundation for action. Written law enjoyed an acceptance of its framework for social relations, yet it was also an aspect of power, and the kings and counts of León above all realised its potential as a tool of lordship. The degree to which law had been internalised can be measured by ‘silent citation’, where the phrasing or force of relevant legislation has shaped text and process. Law was the language of custom and habit, spoken most fluently by the scribe.
Sacred Words
Authors: Barrett Graham
Published: July 2023

This chapter explores a further component of the network of texts in the corpus of charters, how the habits of the clergy revolved around Scripture, canon law, and monastic rules. Clerical scribes understood and expressed gift through the terms of their imagined community of Scripture, but as they had heard it, meditated on it, and prayed with it. They bounded Church patrimonies too by the compass of their textual community of canon law, or their working idea of what that meant, as often as not unbounded to the text. Monastic rules similarly were a source for their identity, but in the fact of a rule rather than any particularities, the idea of a text as guide for devotion. And as clerical scribes wrote charters for others, they impressed on them something of this mentality: most citations need not have involved any first-hand contact with the Bible, canon law, or monastic rules by the writer, as liturgy, memory, other charters would have sufficed. But there was a constant awareness of the texts behind the text, of being Scripturally, canonically, regularly. Clerical scribes emerged from houses which defined themselves by contracts, and the documentary world which they enabled defined itself by texts.
Conclusion
Authors: Barrett Graham
Published: July 2023

This chapter argues that the written was the world of early medieval Iberia. Few may have been able to read and write, yet the extent of textuality was both broad and deep, in the authority conferred upon text and the arrangements made to use it. Via charter and scribe, society and social arrangements came increasingly to be influenced by norms originating from a network of texts. But this study also raises two critical questions. The greater density of documentary culture in Galicia and Portugal points to some difference at the level of deep structure, and the extent of the network of texts itself points to a different mode of textual transmission. The textual society of early medieval Iberia was built on the foundations of a textual economy: citations of other charters, Visigothic law, the Bible, canon law, and monastic rules constitute imaginary libraries in the minds of scribes, formed by direct consultation from fixed or circulating libraries, or from memory, or by copying other charters. As charters were conserved, consulted, copied, and circulated, so too were the fragments of source texts which they cited; what ‘knowing’ texts meant in this world was not reading books but encounters with these fragments.
For Our Sons, Daughters, and All Concerned Souls
Authors: Lebron Christopher J.
Published: July 2023

Eleanor Bumpurs was a mother and grandmother. She was arthritic and diabetic. Additionally, she suffered from mental health issues when she was shot and killed in her apartment in the Bronx, New York, on October 29, 1984. Bumpurs was not murdered by an assailant attempting to extract sellable goods from her apartment. Rather, she was killed by a police officer while she was both naked and clearly hysterical.
Where Is the Love? The Hope for America’s Redemption
Authors: Lebron Christopher J.
Published: July 2023

“I acknowledge that I am very angry,” said the sister of DePayne Middleton-Doctor. “But one thing that DePayne always enjoined in our family … is she taught me that we are the family that love built. We have no room for hating, so we have to forgive. I pray God on your soul.”
The Radical Lessons We Have Not Yet Learned
Authors: Lebron Christopher J.
Published: July 2023

There doesn’t exist, there never has existed, nor is there ever likely to exist something as monolithic, analytically neat, or presumptively coherent as “black identity.” Black Americans are just as free and capable of disputing the details of their social and political existence as any other demographic group. Yet, we often use terms like “black politics” to signify what is supposed to be a more or less agreed upon social, economic, and political agenda to benefit those who are, by US standards, “racially” black. So there seems to be a serious discrepancy, since having a “black politics” seems to presume having a “black identity.” This is not quite right. A “black politics” is not predicated so much on identity as on a shared condition among those who share the racial descriptor “black.” And this shared condition is subject to either the actual or the very great likelihood of suffering significant inequality in America on account of being black. Blacks are certainly not the only ones susceptible to inequality and unfairness in America—as categorical inequalities, gender, sexual orientation, class, and disability remain serious obstacles to an egalitarian nation.
Applying Natural Language Processing to Assessment
Authors: Liu MQ
Published: July 2023

Natural language processing (NLP), the enablement of machines to automatically process and learn human natural language data, is at the core of many real-world applications. Recent years have seen initial attempts to apply NLP in assessment. The goal of this chapter is to discuss how NLP can be applied to improve assessment in the selection context. The chapter opens with an introduction of NLP—what it is and how NLP techniques have evolved over time. It then dives into how various NLP methods can be applied in the assessment cycle, from assessment construction to analyzing assessment responses to predicting job-related outcomes. The chapter ends with a discussion of the key challenges and opportunities facing assessment researchers and practitioners when considering using NLP for assessment.
Potential Impact of Disabilities and Neurodiversity on the Constructs Measured by Selection Procedures
Authors: Papinchock Jone M. , Rosenbaum Angela L. , Dunleavy Eric M.
Published: July 2023

Recent attention directed to neurodiversity and disability has given focus to the potential for discrimination in testing against applicants who have disabilities. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) has provided guidance regarding the Americans with Disabilities Act and the use of software, algorithms, and artificial intelligence to assess job applicants and employees. This chapter discusses the idiosyncrasies of traditional adverse impact analyses for people with disabilities with an emphasis on personality tests. The EEOC stipulates that each disability is unique and that an individual may fare poorly on an assessment because of a disability and be screened out as a result, and that employers may need to take steps to avoid screen-out. A framework for sensitivity analysis of test items is presented that may partially address concerns regarding discrimination on the basis of disability.
Reflections on Assessment for Development
Authors: Collins Lynn , David José
Published: July 2023

Disruption today is pervasive and redefining how people work. As the velocity of change is unprecedented, the importance of assessment and development is elevated. With this context in mind, this chapter reflects on the work done by the authors in this section and shares perspectives on (a) the constructs and content domain that is measured and developed (the what), (b) the methodology deployed in both assessment and development (the how), (c) the targets of these efforts (the who), and (d) a critical look at the degree of innovation seen at present and a vision for the future of assessment and development.
Psychoneurometric Assessments for High-Risk Jobs
Authors: Cox Brennan , McHail Dan , Pettijohn Kyle , Olson Tatana
Published: July 2023

High-risk jobs can expose personnel to extreme hazards and stressors. Selecting personnel best able to perform in these environments may require updated assessment tools that harness the latest technological advancements in physiological monitoring and simulation of job-specific conditions. This chapter presents case studies in military aviation and describes the task demands and stressors specific to military aviators and how emerging technologies might be leveraged to capture individual responses to these conditions. The chapter also describes the psychoneurometric approach, which integrates physiological, self-report, and behavioral data to refine understanding of constructs underlying performance. Further, the chapter discusses how the psychoneurometric approach and advanced technologies may be used to enhance existing assessment tools for military aviation and other high-risk jobs.
Driving Company Growth and Leader Development
Authors: Eyring James D.
Published: July 2023

Assessment use in Asia has grown rapidly over the past 20 years, which has driven investment and innovation. One such innovation is the Growth Leader Assessment, which assesses leader capabilities that drive company growth. These capabilities (e.g., innovation, growth mindset) are explored along with its unique approach to assessing leader practices in addition to traits. Assessing practices adds predictive ability to the assessment and better enables leader development. Following this, the chapter explores how some companies are using assessment technology to build ecosystems of assessment and development. CoCubes and Wheebox are using artificial intelligence–based assessment to assess university students and help them develop new skills and connect with potential employers. Produgie is using technology to provide individual- and team-level assessments to develop employees at all levels of the organization while helping them deliver improved performance.
Putting the Pieces Together
Authors: Sackett Paul R.
Published: July 2023

This reflective chapter is structured around eight substantive propositions about the future of testing and assessment. These include (a) the determinants of job performance will not change, (b) constituencies have differing views on tradeoffs among desirable outcomes, (c) progress will continue to be made in extracting more information from candidate data, (d) more use of constructed response formats and less reliance on multiple choice will be seen, (e) improvements in measures of longstanding predictor constructs will continue to be used and seen, (f) practitioners will need to be vigilant regarding personality-situation interactions, (g) tension about the need for construct understanding is not new and will continue, (h) it will be important to monitor public reaction to black-box approaches, and (i) these are exciting times for the testing and assessment field.
“Most Extraordinary of All Extraordinary Cases”
Authors: Dorsey Bruce
Published: July 2023

Newsman Benjamin Hallett observes that there is a little bit of everything to appeal to everyone in Avery’s trial. As the defense concludes, followed by rebuttal testimony from both sides, disputes arise over Avery’s whereabouts on the three occasions: the day of Cornell’s death, the camp meeting at which she allegedly became pregnant, and the site where a letter in her possession was delivered. Witnesses expose conflicts over people’s relationship to time consciousness and their possession of, and control over, time in a new industrial economy. Newspaper reporters grow impatient with the trial’s extraordinary length and break their pledge by beginning to publish trial testimony before the verdict.
Conspiracies
Authors: Dorsey Bruce
Published: July 2023

In a political culture permeated by conspiracy thinking with the rise of the Antimasonic social movement and political party, opponents of Avery’s not-guilty verdict turn to similar conspiracy politics in newspapers and political pamphlets, accusing the Methodist Church of plotting to subvert justice and prevent a guilty man from facing punishment for his crime. For months after the verdict, Avery’s case unleashes a flurry of conspiracy talk, the air rife with accusations of nefarious plots and subversive groups. In the minds of the Methodists’ critics, the church poses a grave threat to the republic that extends beyond their corrupt defense of a guilty brother. Critics insist that the Methodists exert a form of despotic power and influence that is antithetical to democracy.
Plants and animals
Authors: Ragan Mark A.
Published: July 2023

From about 1475, successive generations of herbalists, physicians, botanists, and zoologists delineated and arranged plants and animals according to different criteria. Within this broad activity we recognize the rise of scientific botany (from 1492) and scientific zoology (from 1524). Andrea Cesalpino (1583) excluded zoophytes from the plants; Gaspard Bauhin (1623) treated Zoophyta as a higher-level taxon; Edward Wotton (1552) argued that fungi are plants, zoophytes are animals, and no third genus inhabits the miniscule gap between them. By the mid-Seventeenth century, substantial consensus had emerged on membership of the plant and animal kingdoms, although certain loose ends remained. This consensus would soon be challenged by the discovery of microscopic beings, and a biological definition of species.
Beyond the end of the Chain
Authors: Ragan Mark A.
Published: July 2023

The Great Chain of Being did not survive the Eighteenth century intact, but what is the shape of the Plan of Nature? Alternative arrangements were put forward, many between about 1770 and the early 1830s. This chapter presents a range of these proposals including a map (Linnæus), network (Donati, Olivi, Buffon, and others), polygon (Rudolphi, de Jussieu), globe or egg (Goldfuss, Eichwald), branched tree (Pallas, Augier, Lamarck), spiral (Horaninov), circle (Fischer von Waldheim, Candolle, Cassini), and symmetric arrangements of circles (Macleay, Swainson, Kaup, and others). These metaphors often overlapped, or graded into one another. Only Horaninov’s spiral, however, identified a high-level taxon (Phytozoa) between plants and animals.
Ernst Haeckel and Protista
Authors: Ragan Mark A.
Published: July 2023

Haeckel’s kingdom Protista was influential and controversial in equal measure. Haeckel encountered the animal-plant boundary during his studies on radiolaria, and delineated the kingdoms by how their cells aggregate during development. In Generelle Morphologie (1866) he drew from Charles Darwin, Goethe and Lamarck in establishing Protista as a new kingdom of “first-produced or primitive beings”, and in depicting the living world as a tree. He later introduced Monera as pre-cellular beings, and used ontogeny to resolve the succession of ancestral types along genetic lineages (phylogeny). Over several decades he defined, delineated, and arranged Protista in different (sometimes contradictory) ways, and introduced other groupings including Kingdom Histonia for multicellular plants and animals. Like his views on ontogeny, mankind, and the universe, Haeckel’s Protista left a complex legacy.
Selecting Immigrants by Skill II
Authors: Lim Désirée
Published: July 2023

This chapter argues that skill-selective immigration policies may have the effect of indirectly discriminating against persons who identify, or are identified as women. Even if women are not explicitly excluded from admission, they are considerably less likely to meet skill-based entry requirements than men. Consequently, they tend to be admitted as family dependents rather than economic migrants. The chapter contends that the disparate impact on women is wrongful because it reflects negligence on the part of immigration policymakers: they have breached their duty of care to avoid worsening disrespectful norms and beliefs about women, who constitute a socially subordinated group in their society. Specifically, skill-based selection worsens existing beliefs about the inferiority of women’s work, as well as women’s status as passive or helpless dependents who only achieve their ends by leaning on men. For these reasons, skill-selective immigration policy is socially subordinating toward women.
Conclusions
Authors: Orsini Francesca
Published: July 2023

The conclusion returns to the spatial and located approach of the book. Space is useful for thinking how literature works in a multilingual (and of course stratified and hierarchical) society. Throughout the book “Purbi”/Eastern or “Avadhi” has not been a marker of regional or linguistic identity but a site for multilingual people, spaces, and practices. Space works in this book as a way of bringing together literary strands that have inhabited their own disciplinary silos—Sufi, bhakti, courtly Brajbhasha, and Persian. Cartography helps locate and bring together authors working in different languages as part of the same local environments. This highlights the exclusions of the single-language archives but also the dialogism inherent in some texts, like Sant poetry. Space also helps us think of the concrete spaces of literary practices—the sites and occasions of performance, training, devotional singing, and poetic cultivation within different communities of taste. And it raises interesting questions about literary contact and circulation without translation. The keywords suggested by this book—location and a spatial approach; consciously looking for “other stories”; familiarity and access vs. cultivation; mixing vs. parallel cultivation; overhearing and being “well-listened”; circulation without translation; transcodification, etc.—expand the conceptual toolbox of world literature beyond (and below) the transnational or indeed the national. For this reason, the conclusion suggests that a located and ground-up approach also speaks to world literature.
Disciplined by Liberalism
Authors: Philips Menaka
Published: July 2023

Chapter 2 offers a close examination of the evolution of the liberalism trap in political theory and of its disciplinary effects in the field. Scholarly preoccupations with the idea have shaped not only the parameters of our debates and contestations but more broadly, they have conditioned the field’s pedagogical practices and organization. The chapter begins by tracing liberalism’s now central position in academic political theory, and then examines the ways that students of political thought are introduced to canonical “liberal” thinkers and ideas. Looking at receptions of J.S. Mill, the chapter outlines how these pedagogical practices have modified and continue to modify thinkers and ideas in troubling ways. Once “canonized” by liberalism, figures like Mill become fixed resources to which contemporary narratives about liberalism can easily turn.
The History of MDMA
Authors: Passie Torsten
Published: July 2023

This book is intended to provide an overview of the complex and dispersed history of MDMA, in the hope of making it more intelligible. In respect of the period up until the late 1980s, the book focuses on what was happening in Europe and the United States as other countries were not significant in this timeframe. This book does not describe the history of an illegal drug only as it is perceived in the public mind, but also in terms of the research into it, the political responses to it, its spread, and its medical use. It follows the early pharmaceutical history of MDMA shortly after the turn of the twentieth century, its researched military potential, and its early use in psychotherapy, followed by its distribution as a recreational drug and its spread throughout Europe and the United States and other parts of the world. Later chapters focus on the debate about its potential toxicity, its worldwide distribution as a dance drug since the 1990s, and the most recent research on MDMA and its therapeutic potentials. The history of MDMA is characterized by a range of parallel developments occurring at different levels and their many interactions. It is more of a mosaic than a linear story and cannot be described in terms of a simple narrative. This book tries to bring these multiple narratives and levels of its history and their complex interactions together in order to produce a coherent mosaic
Critique of Political Decolonization
Authors: Forjwuor Bernard
Published: July 2023

Critique of Political Decolonization is an antinormative and critical refutation of the decolonial accomplishment of political independence or self-determination in Ghana. It challenges what, in normative scholarship, has become a persistent conflation of two different concepts: political decolonization and political independence. Whereas political decolonization refers to the ontological/conceptual framework in which the political dismantling of the colonial is fully explicated, political independence is at best an ontic referent/representation of such decolonial political conditions, in which case colonial territorial dissolution constitutes only one such decolonial political manifestation. Both conceptually and etymologically, then, these concepts are distinct since an ontic referent cannot fully elaborate the ontological framework of which it is merely a part. Thus, the book draws our attention to the fact that political independence (the end of colonial territorial occupation) is insufficiently a decolonial claim because it is framed within the context of a country (such as Ghana as a non-settler colonial arrangement) where a permanent colonial settlement was never deemed necessary for the consolidation of future colonial political obligations/control. Political independence in Ghana, then, fails to rise to the level of an ontic referent of decolonization if colonialism includes the inevitability of colonial territorial dissolution. Thus, political independence, even if it is an important political act, is at best tautological or speculative given that the perpetuity of the colonial includes the accomplishment of the very act of political independence. So, while territorial dissolution was politically engineered by Ghanaians, the colonial merely reconstitutes itself in different legal and ideological forms.
Eratosthenes and the Measurement of the Earth's Circumference (c.230 BC)
Authors: Matthew Christopher A.
Published: July 2023

In the third century bc, Eratosthenes (then Chief Librarian of the Great Library of Alexandria) attempted to calculate the circumference of the Earth based upon the shadows cast by the pointers of sundials located in Alexandria and Syene at midday on the Summer Solstice, and based upon several other pieces of assumed knowledge from the time. The results of this experiment and calculation were given in a unit of measure called the stade. Debate over the accuracy of Eratosthenes’ calculation has been ongoing since he first conducted the experiment ca. 230 bc—in part by the difficulties in converting the size of Eratosthenes’ stade into a modern equivalent. This work engages with this long-running debate (one of the longest ongoing debates in the history of science) by applying innovative and multi-disciplinary methods such as linguistic analysis, mathematical modelling, satellite mapping, archaeological investigation, and historical examination to create the first ever combined exploration of this important event in the history of astronomy. The results of this examination demonstrate that that Eratosthenes was one of the first precise observers of celestial phenomena, and that he was able to calculate the size of our world to a very high level of accuracy.
Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived In Vitro Gametogenesis and Synthetic Embryos—It Is Never Too Early for an Ethical Debate
Authors: Horer Stefanie , Feichtinger Michael , Rosner Margit , Hengstschläger Markus
Published: July 2023

Recently, 2 branches of the wide area of synthetic biology—in vitro gametogenesis and synthetic embryo development—have gained considerable attention. Rodent induced pluripotent stem cells derived via reprogramming of somatic cells can in vitro be differentiated into gametes to produce fertile offspring. And even synthetic embryos with organ progenitors were generated ex utero entirely from murine pluripotent stem cells. The use of these approaches in basic research, which is rightfully accompanied by an ethical discussion, will allow hitherto unattainable insights into the processes of the beginning of life. There is a broad international consensus that currently the application of these technologies in human-assisted reproduction must be considered to be unsafe and unethical. However, newspaper headlines also addressed the putatively resulting paradigm shift in human reproduction and thereby raised expectations in patients. Due to unsolved biological and technological obstacles, most scientists do not anticipate translation of any of these approaches into human reproductive medicine, if ever, for the next 10 years. Still, whereas the usage of synthetic embryos for reproductive purposes should be banned, in the context of in vitro-derived human gametes it is not too early to initiate the evaluation of the ethical implications, which could still remain assuming all technological hurdles can ever be cleared.
Efficacy of Rapid Rehabilitation Nursing in Postoperative Care in China
Authors: Wang Yuanling , Shen Qi , Wang Chao
Published: July 2023

Background

Rapid rehabilitation nursing (RRN) has been increasingly adopted in China to improve patient outcomes following surgery. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of RRN on hospital stays, postoperative complications, postoperative pain, patients’ quality of life (QOL), and patient satisfaction with nursing care compared to traditional nursing care.

Methods

A systematic search of relevant databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library, was conducted to identify eligible studies. The standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for continuous outcomes (hospital stays, postoperative pain, and QOL). Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals were used for dichotomous outcomes (postoperative complications, patient satisfaction with nursing care). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I
2 statistic. Fixed-effects and random-effects models were calculated for each outcome measure.

Results

A total of 10 studies including 1,475 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Rapid rehabilitation nursing significantly reduced hospital stays and postoperative complications compared to traditional nursing care. Patients receiving RRN experienced lower postoperative pain scores and improved QOL, although the latter result was not statistically significant. Patient satisfaction with nursing care was significantly higher in the RRN group compared to traditional nursing care.

Conclusions

Rapid rehabilitation nursing appears to be an effective approach for shortening hospital stays, reducing postoperative complications and postoperative pain, and increasing patient satisfaction with nursing care compared to traditional nursing care. The findings support the integration of RRN into clinical practice to enhance patient outcomes and patients' satisfaction with nursing care. Future research should focus on further investigating the impact of RRN on patients’ QOL using larger, well-designed studies.
Lipin knockdown in pan-neuron of Drosophila induces reduction of lifespan, deficient locomotive behavior, and abnormal morphology of motor neuron
Authors: Nguyen Yen D. H. , Yoshida Hideki , Tran Thanh Men , Kamei Kaeko
Published: July 2023

The Lipin family is evolutionarily conserved among insects and mammals, and its crucial roles in lipid synthesis and homeostatic control of energy balance have been well documented. This study investigated the function of Lipin in neuronal function and neurodegeneration. The GAL4/UAS system was used to knock down Lipin in the nervous system of Drosophila and investigate its behavioral and cellular phenotypes. The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) morphology was detected by immunostaining. Moreover, triacylglycerol and ATP levels were analyzed by using assay Kit. This study found that Lipin is localized almost in the cytoplasm of neurons in the brain lobe and ventral nerve cord, which are part of the central nervous system (CNS) of Drosophila melanogaster. Lipin knockdown larvae exhibit decreased locomotor activity, aberrant morphology of motor nerve terminals at NMJs, and reduced number and size of lipid droplets in the CNS. Furthermore, neuron-specific knockdown of Lipin leads to locomotor defects and a shortened lifespan, accompanied by a reduction in ATP levels in the adult stage. These results indicate that Lipin plays a crucial role in the CNS of Drosophila.
Quality characteristics of fresh cut apples during storage according
to processing steps and browning inhibitor treatment
Authors: Jung Hyunna , Cho Sun-Duk , Chang Min-Sun , Kim Gun-Hee
Published: July 2023

We examined the changes in the physicochemical quality characteristics and
antioxidant activity of fresh-cut Fuji apples (Malus
pumila) during processing and storage after treatment with browning
inhibitors. The primary aim was to elucidate processing suitability and
storability. We observed that in the processing stage of slicing fresh
Fuji apples, there were no significant differences in
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis
(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging ability and
ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). However, after NaClO treatment, total
flavonoid and total polyphenol contents decreased. When freshcut
Fuji apples were treated with browning inhibitors and
stored at 4°C, the L value and hardness decreased; however, the weight
loss rate increased based on the storage period of all fruit groups treated with
Citrus unshiu Markovich (CuM), calcium ascorbate (CA), and
ascorbic acid (AA). The pH increased after 2 days of storage in 1% CuM
and after 6 days of storage in 1% CA; however, no changes in pH were
observed during the storage period in 1% AA. The DPPH radical scavenging
activity was generally good under storage conditions of 1% AA at
4°C and 1% CA at 20°C. Furthermore, FRAP remained
relatively constant under storage conditions of 1% CA. The quality
characteristics and antioxidant activity of fresh-cut fruits during processing
and storage can be used as basic data for industries. Furthermore, we can gain
confidence in quality improvements by improving the production and distribution
environment of fresh-cut agricultural products.
Chemical profiles and biological activities of essential oil of
Citrus hystrix DC. peels
Authors: Long Do Minh , Quoc Le Pham Tan , Nhung Tran Thi Phuong , Thy Vuong Bao , Nhu Nguyen Le Quynh
Published: July 2023

Essential oil (EO) was extracted from the peel of Citrus hystrix
DC. originating from Tinh Bien, An Giang province (Vietnam), using steam
distillation. The study aimed to determine some physicochemical properties of
Citrus hystrix peel EO (ChpEO), including the acid value
(AV), saponification value (SV), ester value (EV), density, specific gravity,
and freezing point. The chemical composition was also analyzed by gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Compounds like
β-pinene (30.19%), D-limonene
(22.15%), and sabinene (21.37%), with antioxidant and
antibacterial properties, had a relatively high content. The EO was also capable
of inhibiting the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria,
including Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853),
Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Salmonella
typhimurium (ATCC 13311), and Bacillus cereus
(ATCC 11778) specifically.
Do founder CEOs and overconfidence affect firm risk?
Authors: Sutrisno Paulina , Utama Sidharta , Hermawan Ancella Anitawati , Fatima Eliza
Published: July 2023

Purpose

In the context of a two-tier governance system, this study aims to investigate whether CEO overconfidence affects firm risk. In addition, this study examines the moderating role of the founder CEO on CEO overconfidence and firm risk.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a composite score index of CEO overconfidence with a sample of nonfinancial firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2019. It tests the research hypothesis with multiple linear regression analysis.

Findings

The findings indicate that CEO overconfidence reduces firm risk. In contrast, the founder CEO does not affect the relationship between CEO overconfidence and firm risk.

Research limitations/implications

This study supports the upper echelon theory that argues that firms’ top management affects firms’ outcomes and behaviors.

Practical implications

The top management team heavily affects firms’ outcomes and behaviors in a two-tier governance system. Furthermore, firms’ selection policy of overconfident CEOs will be improved because these CEOs can diversify firm risks more effectively.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to examine the role of the founder in the relationship between CEO overconfidence and firm risk.
The structure of ICD‐11 post traumatic stress disorder in a clinical sample of refugees based on the International Trauma Interview
Authors: Vindbjerg Erik , Sandahl Hinuga , Mortensen Erik Lykke , Roberts Neil P. , Carlsson Jessica
Published: July 2023

Background

The ICD‐11 proposes fundamental changes to the PTSD diagnostic criteria, prompting thorough validation. While this is ideally carried out based on diagnostic interviews, most—and in the case of transcultural psychiatry all—studies have relied on self‐reported measures. In this study, we used the International Trauma Interview (ITI) to assess the factor structure of ICD‐11 PTSD symptoms in a sample of trauma‐affected refugees.

Method

The ITI was administered with a sample of refugees (n = 198), originating mainly from the Greater Middle East. The symptom ratings were subjected to a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), comparing the ICD‐11 concordant three‐factor model with alternative two‐ and one‐factor models.

Results

The overall fit was adequate for both the two‐ and three‐factor models, but favored the two‐factor model. Results for both models indicated local misspecifications and that item 5, hypervigilance, displayed a suboptimal loading.

Conclusion

The results generally support the use of the ITI in a severely trauma‐affected refugee population, albeit with particular attention needed in the administration of item 5. The superior fit of a two‐factor model warrants further testing across populations.
Heredity of pregnancy‐related pelvic girdle pain in Sweden
Authors: Kristiansson Per , Zöller Bengt , Dahl Niklas , Kalliokoski Paul , Hallqvist Johan , Li Xinjun
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Pelvic girdle pain during and after pregnancy is a major public health problem with significant daily problems for affected women and their families. There is now accumulating evidence that pregnancy‐related pelvic girdle pain originates from the sacroiliac joints and the pubic symphysis as well as their extra‐articular ligaments. However, the heritability of the disease remains to be determined. We hypothesized that there is an increased familial risk of pregnancy‐related pelvic girdle pain.

Material and methods

A population‐based national database linkage registry study of approximately 9.3 million individuals within 4.2 million families in Sweden with a recruitment period from 1997 to 2018. The Swedish Multi‐generation register was used to find female pairs of twins, full siblings, half‐siblings and first cousins where both in the pairs had a completed pregnancy. The outcome measure was diagnosis of pregnancy‐related pelvic girdle pain (International Classification of Diseases‐10 O26.7 [1997–2018]) in the first pregnancy. Data was obtained from the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register, the Swedish Outpatient Care Register, the Swedish Medical Birth Register, the Primary Healthcare Register, and Medical Treatment Register. Cox regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted estimated effect of the exposure variable familial history of pregnancy‐related pelvic girdle pain on the outcome variable pregnancy‐related pelvic girdle pain at first birth.

Results

From the registers, 1 010 064 women pregnant with their first child within 795 654 families were collected. In total, 109 147 women were diagnosed with pregnancy‐related pelvic girdle pain. The adjusted hazard ratio for a familial risk of pregnancy‐related pelvic girdle pain was 2.09 (95% CI 1.85–2.37) among twins (monozygotic and dizygotic), 1.78 (95% CI 1.74–1.82) in full siblings, 1.16 (95% CI 1.06–1.28) in half‐siblings from the mother, 1.09 (95% CI 1.024–1.16) in half‐siblings from the father and 1.09 (95% CI 1.07–1.12) in first cousins.

Conclusions

This nationwide observational study showed a familial clustering of pregnancy‐related pelvic girdle pain. The hazard ratio for the condition was associated with the degree of relatedness, suggesting that heredity factors contribute to the development of pregnancy‐related pelvic girdle pain. There is no causal treatment available for pregnancy‐related pelvic girdle pain and further studies are now encouraged to clarify the specific genetic factors that contribute to the disease and for future targeted interventions.
Paradox explored: Climate shame, moral agency, the church, and the birds
Authors: Moe‐Lobeda Cynthia
Published: July 2023

This article explores shame and moral agency in relationship to the climate catastrophe, and the moral situation of the world's relatively high‐consuming people who are implicated in greenhouse gas emissions that cause climate change. The author complexifies that situation in the conundrums of climate colonialism, climate racism, structural sin, and the moral ambiguities they raise, including such questions as: “What are the moral demands of climate sin grounded in historically rooted economic systems that one did not create but upon which the material conditions of one's life depend? To what extent, if any, is the individual morally accountable for the social structures of which one is a part and from which one benefits?” From there, the essay moves to its central question. It is whether shame theory might help to enable moral agency for what is desperately needed now by people of climate privilege and economic privilege in the North Atlantic world—wise and courageous action to address climate change and climate injustice. The article probes shame theory for clues to what disables moral agency and what catalyzes it. The author finds in shame theory pathways for transforming shame‐based moral inertia into moral agency. Those pathways suggest vital roles for the church.
Drift in the tropics: Phylogenetics and biogeographical patterns in Combretaceae
Authors: Maurin Olivier , Anest Artemis , Forest Félix , Turner Ian , Barrett Russell L. , Cowan Robyn C. , Wang Lijia , Tomlinson Kyle W. , Charles‐Dominique Tristan
Published: July 2023

Aim

The aim of this study was to further advance our understanding of the species‐rich, and ecologically important angiosperm family Combretaceae to provide new insights into their evolutionary history. We assessed phylogenetic relationships in the family using target capture data and produced a dated phylogenetic tree to assess fruit dispersal modes and patterns of distribution.

Location

Tropical and subtropical regions.

Time Period

Cretaceous to present.

Major Taxa Studied

Family Combretaceae is a member of the rosid clade and comprises 10 genera and more than 500 species, predominantly assigned to genera Combretum and Terminalia, and occurring on all continents and in a wide range of ecosystems.

Methods

We use a target capture approach and the Angiosperms353 universal probes to reconstruct a robust dated phylogenetic tree for the family. This phylogenetic framework, combined with seed dispersal traits, biome data and biogeographic ranges, allows the reconstruction of the biogeographical history of the group.

Results

Ancestral range reconstructions suggest a Gondwanan origin (Africa/South America), with several intercontinental dispersals within the family and few transitions between biomes. Relative abundance of fruit dispersal types differed by both continent and biome. However, intercontinental colonizations were only significantly enhanced by water dispersal (drift fruit), and there was no evidence that seed dispersal modes influenced biome shifts.

Main Conclusions

Our analysis reveals a paradox as drift fruit greatly enhanced dispersal distances at intercontinental scale but did not affect the strong biome conservatism observed.
The nilcatenation problem and its application for detecting money laundering activities in cryptocurrency networks
Authors: Tomacheski Clynton , Milanés Anolan , Urrutia Sebastián
Published: July 2023

This work considers a combinatorial optimization problem in graphs, the nilcatenation problem, and investigates its potential application for detecting money laundering activities in cryptocurrency networks. The nilcatenation problem consists of finding a set of arcs that can be removed from an arc‐weighted directed graph without changing the balance of any vertex. The balance of a vertex is defined as the difference between the sum of the weights of outgoing and incoming arcs. We propose a 0/1 integer linear programming formulation and a local branching algorithm. The approaches are computationally evaluated and compared using three sets of test instances, two of them generated from Bitcoin's testnet and mainnet networks. An experiment on the testnet showed that it is possible to retrieve a nilcatenation artificially introduced with fake bitcoin transactions. Experiments on the mainnet showed that it is possible to find large nilcatenations, possibly indicating money laundering activities.