bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Literature Review: Evaluasi Pengelolaan dan Pemanfaatan Dana Kapitasi Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional di Puskesmas
Authors: Faril Sabillah Elvina
Published: May 2023

Program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional merupakan bagian dari Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional yang berupa perlindungan kesehatan dimana peserta memperoleh manfaat pemeliharaan kesehatan serta perlindungan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan. Oleh sebab itu, negara bertanggungjawab merencanakan, mengatur, menyelenggarakan, membina, dan mengawasi penyelenggaraaan upaya kesehatan yang merata dan terjangkau oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode traditional literature review. Sumber data berasal dari google scholar dalam rentang waktu 2016-2022. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan dana kapitasi JKN di Puskesmas. Setelah dilakukan screening didapatkan 12 artikel yang relevan dan menjadi bahan analisis dalam penelitian ini. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menelaah pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan dana kapitasi JKN di Puskesmas berasal dari artikel yang telah di review. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemanfaatan dana kapitasi JKN tergolong baik. Namun, terkendala dari dana kapitasi yang tidak digunakan dengan maksimal dan penyerapan dana kapitasi kurang dilakukannya monitoring. Puskesmas diharapkan melakukan perencanaan, penganggaran dan pertanggung jawaban dana kapitasi JKN dengan melibatkan tenaga yang ahli dalam bidang administrasi kebijakan kesehatan. Faktor penghambat program dana kapitasi JKN di Puskesmas sesuai artikel yang telah didapatkan yaitu dana yang masih tersisa dan tidak di alokasikan mengakibatkan mengendap. Perlu dilakukan adanya alokasi dana dengan baik agar terstruktur dana pemasukan dan dana keluar. Kesimpulan dari literature review ini adalah diharapkan bagi Dinas Kesehatan untuk memonitoring dan evaluasi terkait penerapan ketentuan yang ada di permenkes atau peraturan kepala daerah. Dalam pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan dana kapitasi JKN perlu diimbangi dengan kualitas SDM, sarana dan prasarana hal tersebut meminimalisir terjadinya hambatan atau kendala dalam pengelolaan dana kapitasi JKN di Puskesmas
Peran Kepemimpinan Transformasional untuk Meningkatkan Kepuasan Kerja dan Komitmen Organisasi Karyawan
Authors: Thomas Aquino Reffy
Published: May 2023

Proyek adalah serangkaian kegiatan yang berlangsung dalam jangka waktu tertentu dengan alokasi sumber daya yang tersedia dan bertujuan untuk melaksanakan tugas yang telah ditetapkan. Penjadwalan proyek adalah rencana pengurutan kerja untuk menyelesaikan suatu pekerjaan dengan sasaran khusus dengan saat penyelesaian yang jelas. Metode penelitian yang berlandaskan pada filsafat positivisme, digunakan untuk meneliti pada populasi atau sampel tertentu, teknik pengambilan sampel pada umumnya dilakukan secara random, pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen penelitian, analisis data bersifat kuantitatif atau statistik dengan tujuan untuk menguji hipotesis yang telah ditetapkan Manajemen Proyek Jilid 1, Erlangga, Jakarta, hlm. Keberhasilan manajemen proyek ditentukan antara lain oleh ketepatan memilih bentuk organisasi, memilih pimpinan yang cakap dan pembentukan tim proyek yang terintegrasi dan terorganisasi.
Cash Basis Vs Accrual Basis dalam Pengambilan Keputusan pada Entitas Syariah
Authors: Risal Muhammad
Published: May 2023

Akuntansi accrual basis dan cash basis sebenarnya tidak begitu relevan dipertentangkan. Keduanya adalah saling mengisi atau komplementer, cash basis akan melahirkan informasi tentang likuiditas yang sangat berguna bagi para pengambil keputusan. Akuntansi accrual basis sangat perlu untuk menyusun laporan laba rugi dan laporan posisi keuangan (Neraca) karena lebih mencermikan keadaan perusahaan sehingga kinerja perusahaan lebih terukur. Namun pada praktek Akuntansi Keuangan Syariah memang memiliki karakter khusus yang berbeda dengan praktek akuntansi konvensional, sehingga membutuhkan kajian lebih lanjut dan peraturan yang lebih memperjelas lagi batasan-batasan sejauh mana basis akrual dalam praktek akuntansi konvensional dapat berlaku juga pada Akuntansi Keuangan Syariah.
Hiệu quả trợ giúp pháp lý trên địa bàn tỉnh Tuyên Quang
Authors: Hoàng Thị Tuyết Mai
Published: May 2023

Tuyên Quang là tỉnh miền núi phía Bắc, có 53 dân tộc chung sống, với quy mô dân số trên 78 vạn người, trong đó số hộ nghèo là 14.080 hộ (chiếm 6,6%), hộ cận nghèo là 24.749 hộ (chiếm 11,60%)1. Đồng bào dân tộc thiểu số chiếm 57% với trên 41% là hộ nghèo, cận nghèo; 12,8% người trên 15 tuổi không biết chữ; tình trạng tảo hôn trên 20% (cao nhất là dân tộc Mông 51%, dân tộc Dao 31%)2. Vì vậy, việc nâng cao hiểu biết về pháp luật và nâng cao hiệu quả TGPL cho người dân nói chung và đồng bào các dân tộc thiểu số nói riêng là yêu cầu tất yếu trên địa bàn tỉnh Tuyên Quang.
IMPROVING STUDENT SCIENCE LEARNING OUTCOMES THROUGH COOPERATIVE LEARNING: EARLY CHILDHOOD STUDENTS THROUGH SMALL GROUPS
Authors: Wibawa I Made Citra
Published: May 2023

The cooperative learning model is one of the learning models currently being developed. This learning model is expected to change and direct students to be better. The purpose of this research is to compare the effect of cooperative learning and conventional learning in their effect on the learning outcomes of elementary school students. This research is a quasi-experimental involving two groups of samples taken randomly. This research involved a sample of 39 grade V elementary school students in clusters 1 and 2 of Marga. Students' science learning outcomes were captured using essay tests and analyzed using independent group t-tests. The results showed that there was a statistically significant effect of cooperative learning and conventional learning on students' science learning outcomes. Thus, cooperative learning is the right learning to use in improving the learning outcomes of elementary school students.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Model Discovery Learning terhadap Keterampilan Menulis Teks Prosedur Siswa Kelas XI SMK Negeri 1 Painan
Authors: Muliana Andriyani , Hafrison Mohamad
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan pengaruh penggunaan model Discovery Learning terhadap keterampilan menulis teks prosedur siswa kelas XI SMK Negeri 1 Painan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi eksperimen one group pretest-posttest design dengan sampel 31 siswa kelas XI OTKP 2. Data yang digunakan adalah skor tes keterampilan menulis teks prosedur siswa kelas XI SMK Negeri 1 Painan sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan model Discovery Learning. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan menulis teks prosedur siswa kelas XI SMK Negeri 1 Painan meningkat setelah menggunakan model Discovery Learning, dengan nilai rata-rata yang naik dari 62,36 menjadi 81,52. Berdasarkan uji-t, dapat disimpulkan bahwa model Discovery Learning berpengaruh pada keterampilan menulis teks prosedur siswa.
Sex Differences in Early Weight Loss Success During a Diabetes Prevention Intervention
Authors: Miller Carla K. , Nagaraja Haikady N. , Cheavens Jennifer S. , Fujita Kentaro , Lazarus Sophie A. , Brunette Daniel S.
Published: May 2023

Objectives: Males often lose more weight than females during treatment, and early weight loss predicts weight loss longer-term. Yet, mechanisms for sex differences in early weight loss are unknown and were examined in this study.Methods: Adults≥21 years old with overweight
or obesity and prediabetes (N=206) participated in a lifestyle intervention and completed baseline psychosocial questionnaires. Percent weight loss, session attendance, and number of days participants self-monitored dietary intake and weight were determined at week 5. Principal components,
regression, and mediation analyses were conducted to determine whether weight loss differed by sex and potential mediators of weight change. Results: Mean (±SD) weight loss was greater for males (2.59±1.62%) than females (2.05±1.54%; p=.02). Attendance, self-monitoring,
and beliefs regarding disease risk were independent predictors of weight loss (all p<.05) but did not explain sex differences. The association between attendance and weight loss was stronger for males than females (p<.05). Conclusions: Additional research is needed to identify
mechanisms that explain sex differences in early weight loss. However, strengthening risk beliefs, attendance, and self-monitoring may promote greater early weight loss for all participants.
Effects of Group Prenatal Health Care Combined with Happiness Training on Delivery Mode and Maternal Role Adaptation in Elderly Primiparous Women: A Study for Improvements in Patients Health Behavior
Authors: Zhang Shuangqin , Qian Ziqiang , Zhao Yingchun , Yu Xuemei , Cheng Chuanliang , Li Qing
Published: May 2023

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of group prenatal health care combined with happiness training on delivery mode and maternal role adaptation in elderly primiparous women. Methods: A total of 110 elderly primiparous women who were expected to deliver
in hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected and assigned to two equal size groups: Group A and Group B. Results:After the nursing intervention, the natural delivery rate of Group A was 85.45%, significantly higher than that of Group B at 52.73% (P<0.05). The initial
feeding time and first lactation time of Group A were significantly shorter than those of Group B, and the 48-hour lactation volume was higher than that of Group B (P<0.05). The RAQ scores of Group A, including maternal role happiness score, the baby's impact on the mother's life score,
baby's daily living care ability score, and maternal role belief score, were all higher than those of Group B (P<0.05). The GWB score of Group A was significantly higher than that of Group B, while the EPDS score was significantly lower than that of Group B (P<0.05). Conclusion:
Group prenatal health care combined with happiness training can improve the delivery mode of elderly primiparous women, help them adapt better to their maternal role, and enhance their subjective sense of well-being.
The Effect of COVID-19 Awareness on the Hygiene Behaviors of Individuals in the Region of Northern Cyprus
Authors: Arkut Afet , Ulucayli Saime
Published: May 2023

Objectives: The ability to cope with diseases and the methods of protection from infections has become an essential part of everyday life. The magnitude of the changes caused by the pandemic goes well beyond economic, psychological and sociological realms, and creates a new life
cycle. This study, aims to determine the effect of individual awareness related to COVID-19 on individuals' hygiene behaviors. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional scale based study carried out between May and September 2021 in the 6 different districts of Northern Cyprus.
The results come from 403 participants. A socio-demographic form and the COVID-19 Awareness and Hygiene Scales are applied to the participants. Results: We found a positive and statistically significant correlation between the general scores of participants from the COVID-19 Awareness
Scale and COVID-19 Hygiene Scale. As the participants' scores in the COVID-19 Awareness Scale increased, so did their scores of the COVID-19 Hygiene Scale. Conclusions: Individuals' awareness related to COVID-19 had a positive effect on their hygiene behaviors during the pandemic. Accordingly,
the acquisition of proper hygiene behaviors by individuals should be one of the most important strategic measures that societies should take against infectious diseases.
Bnai-Zion Medical Center Healthcare Workers' Levels of Professional Burnout during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lazari Sahar , Zaitoon Hussein , Shofaniyeh Irena , Sheikh-Ahmad Mohammad , Agbarya Abed
Published: May 2023

Objectives: Unprecedented challenges in hospital care were imposed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic due to the highly contagious disease. Healthcare services adjusted for working with additional personal protection equipment and hygiene measures while attending to a large
number of critically ill patients. In this study, we aimed to determine burnout rates and preferred interventions among healthcare staff, including nurses and physicians, at Bnai-Zion Medical Center during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory questionnaire
was administered to 185 cross-sectional volunteer participants from the nursing and medical staff between June and August 2020, when Israel experienced its second surge of COVID-19. Results: We found a statistically significant correlation between work-related and personal burnout.
COVID-19 ward staff had greater burnout levels than the rest of our institution's personnel. Most highly burned-out healthcare workers were interested in intervention therapy. Conclusions: Dealing with burnout is imperative to improve the well-being of our hospital staff and ensure
the best possible performance. Nursing management should consider first-line responders' stressful conditions to be alleviated through support programs.
Education Changes Child Health Behavior in China: A Mediating Role of Information Technology
Authors: Zhu Yulian , Gu Liwei , Li Jianying
Published: May 2023

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to explore the impact of education in changing child health behavior in China and mediating role of information technology. Methods: The theoretical framework of this study incorporated variables including mental health literacy, health
education, information technology, and health behavior. This is a quantitative study that has utilized secondary data for determining the results. Based on the cross-sectional data collection method, 778 responses were considered for structural equation modeling. Smart PLS 3 was used to validate
the research hypotheses. Results: We found that health education and mental health literacy have a substantial impact on Chinese child health behavior. Furthermore, our data also revealed that the mediating role of information technology is useful for children's health behavior enhancement.
Conclusions: The health behavior of children is influenced by education and information technology mediates the health education-health behavior relationship.
Associated Behavioral Factors and Prevalence of the Common Anorectal Disease Among Uyghur Male Adults of China: A Population-Based Crosssectional Study
Authors: Lu Li , Gao Han , Yusufu Weili , Yimamu Baihitiyaer , Simayi Maijimi , Sun Xiangdong , Qiao Weilong , Wang Xiaoxue , Abudouhalike Abulimiti , Ren Donglin
Published: May 2023

Objectives: We investigated the behavioral associated factors and prevalence of common anorectal disease (hemorrhoids, perianal pruritus, anal fistula, and others) among Uyghur male adults in southern Xinjiang. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with a random
sampling method from December 2020 to March 2021. Uyghur males aged 18 years and older were selected from Kashgar Prefecture in Xinjiang. The prevalence was evaluated by a bilingual questionnaire (including socio- demographic information, dietary habit, lifestyle, and behavioral habits) and
anorectal examinations. The chi-square test was used for categorical variables. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify potential associated factors.Results: A total of 402 Uygur males aged ≥ 18 years were included in the final analysis. Of those, 192 (47.8%) participants
were identified with common anorectal disease (CAD). Older age, lower education attainment, being a farmer, having lower personal annual income, having a high level of alcohol consumption, performing less anus-rinsing after defecation, and having less pubic hair removal were significantly
associated with CAD. Conclusions: Common anorectal disease is a significant public health concern for the Uygur male population. Anus-rinsing after defecation and pubic hair removal are ethnic-specific behaviors among Uygur and could be preventive strategies for CAD.
SARS-CoV-2 in Mexico: An Association Among Geography, Comorbidities, and Vitamin D Deficiency
Authors: Salas Andrés , Rodríguez Mario A. , Hernandes Mario , Muñoz Víctor M. , Cano Araceli , Marmolejo Leticia G. , Calixto Mercedes , Imbert José L.
Published: May 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association among temperature, relative humidity, latitude, vitamin D content and comorbidities in the spread of SAR-CoV-2 in Mexico in 2 different waves. Methods: The data on SARS-CoV-2 infections and comorbidities
were obtained from the Mexican entities with the highest number of positive cases and deaths in the 2 waves that have most damaged the population. Results: Low temperature, high relative humidity, vitamin D deficiency and high percentage of comorbidities were factors that correlated
with a high spread of SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, 73.8% of the population had one of the most common comorbidities that favor the spread of the virus. Conclusion: The high percentage of comorbidities and the deficient concentration of vitamin D were determining factors in the high number
of infections and deaths in Mexico. Furthermore, weather conditions could contribute to and alert to the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
Android-Based Mobile Application for the Control of Anemia in Children Aged 6 to 23 Months Old in the District of Comas – Lima
Authors: Gutiérrez Suárez Carlos , Romero-Alva Victor
Published: May 2023

One of the main health problems facing the country is iron deficiency anemia. This condition reduces the level of hemoglobin present in the blood, which produces symptoms that affect the sufferer's daily activities. According to the INEI (National Institute of Statistics and Informatics), the urban area has 36.7% of anemia, and Comas is the second district of the capital (Lima) with the second highest rate of anemia with 43.4%. This article proposes a technological solution that allows the control and prevention of iron deficiency anemia in children from 6 to 23 months old in Comas through the follow-up of the screenings performed and by improving eating habits. The result obtained was an Android-based mobile application with three navigation options. The Children option allows the registration of each screening performed and notifies the level of anemia present in the child, the Home option displays information about this condition, and the Kitchen Recipes option is responsible for enriching the child's diet by presenting a highly nutritious recipe book, categorized according to age range. It also obtained a 90% positive acceptance rate from the sample population identified as users and patients, and a daily screening was recorded. This result can be applied to any coastal area of the country and, therefore, contributes to improving the quality of life of children by reducing anemia rates.
The Spectrum of Seizure Disorders in Children at a Secondary Care Hospital in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bin Alamir Abdulrahman , Jalis Mufid S.
Published: May 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to find out the presentation, clinical features, diagnosis, and outcome of seizures in children in a secondary care hospital.

Methodology: This was a prospective, cross-sectional analytical study conducted from September 2018 to April 2020 in a secondary care hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Children presented with seizures to the hospital were included and studied for the demographic profile, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and course of the disease.

Results: A total of 73 cases were included in the study. Out of these, 48 (65.8%) were in the age group of 1-5 years, while 25 (34.2%) were in the age group of 6-14 years. Males were 33 (45.21), while females were 40 (54.8%). More than half of the cases were already diagnosed 43 (58.9). Generalized tonic-clonic seizures were the most common seizure type in the patients. The most common etiology of seizures was febrile seizure, followed by epilepsy.

Conclusion: Seizures in children are not uncommon presentations with varying profiles in various regions of the world. Febrile seizures and epilepsy are the commonest cause of seizures in children. Most seizure disorders have a good prognosis, provided that a comprehensive approach is used for the management.
The Philadelphia Syndrome, or an insurmountable cultural trauma: Outdated mainstream visual representations of HIV in times of undetectability
Authors: Villanueva Baselga Sergio
Published: May 2023

In 1981, the first case of AIDS was diagnosed in the US. Almost forty years later, the biomedical situation of people living with HIV (PLWH) in Western countries has significantly improved, and today, PLWH have a normal lifespan with few physical comorbidities. Nevertheless, current media representations of HIV do not seem to have moved past the AIDS epidemic of the 1990s. The film Philadelphia, directed by Jonathan Deeme in 1993, has had a huge cultural impact in how society perceives HIV, and many contemporary films and fiction series portraying HIV still represent the condition in the same narrative terms. This analysis sets out to define what could be referred to as the Philadelphia Syndrome, a concept intended to describe the outdated, nostalgic representations of HIV in mainstream cultural productions in the last decade, a period marked in biomedical terms by the success of antiretroviral drugs, chronification, the importance of undetectability, and the increasingly widespread use of the prophylaxis pre-exposition (PrEP). By analyzing ten mainstream blockbuster films and fiction series produced from 2013 to 2022, this study examines the main characteristics of the Philadelphia Syndrome: nostalgia and melodramatic use of the 1980s and 1990s, high stigmatization of gay sexualities, and a neglect of women with HIV.
#strokesurvivor on Instagram: Conjunctive experiences of adapting to disability
Authors: Schreiber Maria
Published: May 2023

This study investigates practices of sharing the experience of stroke on Instagram through use of the hashtag #strokesurvivor. The hashtag brings together people from different cultural backgrounds and professions and those who experience different kinds of healthcare and varying degrees of physical or cognitive impairment. Through a digital ethnography of #strokesurvivor, the conjunctive experiences and communicative practices of the community are reconstructed. Instagram enables specific forms of sociality and sharing, like long-term visual storytelling and influencer dynamics. Adapting to a transformed body and identity is perceived and practiced as a conjunctive experience and a struggle. A strong orientation towards a “normal life” is a recurring theme. Mourning and perseverance are put forward as two modes of coping with and adapting to a transforming body and self.
Candida guilliermondii Peritonitis During Peritoneal Dialysis. Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Mastroianni Antonio , Vangeli Valeria , Mauro Maria Vittoria , Greco Francesca , Urso Filippo , Manfredi Roberto , Greco Sonia
Published: May 2023

Peritonitis is the most frequent complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 3–6% of episodes have fungal origin. Candida guilliermondii is an uncommon species of Candida with invasive behavior in patients affected by severe underlying disorders or using indwelling vascular devices.Here we report the case of an 84-year-old woman undergoing outpatient PD for 4 years who had fever, chills, and diffuse increasing abdominal pain. After empiric antimicrobial therapy, based on teicoplanin in the dialytic circuit plus oral ciprofloxacin plus fluconazole, the patient was hospitalized. Afterwards, the culture from the peritoneal fluid showed the presence of C. guilliermondii.PD-related fungal peritonitis is an infrequent event, but the morbidity and mortality rates are significant. In this scenario, appropriate prevention strategies including antifungal prophylaxis during antibiotic treated bacterial peritonitis should be evaluated.
Une histoire de transformation de l’islamisme de la voie révolutionnaire à la légalité : le cas du Parti de la justice et du développement (PJD) au Maroc
Authors: Zouaoui Hassan
Published: May 2023

La participation politique des islamistes du Parti de la justice et du développement (PJD) est le fruit d’un long processus historique qui remonte au début des années 1980, quand d’anciens membres de la Chabiba islamiya (Jeunesse islamique) ont décidé de rompre avec les principes idéologiques de l’islamisme radical. Cette étude vise à étudier le passage des islamistes du PJD au réformisme et au pragmatisme politique à l’aune d’une approche sociohistorique. L’objectif étant de montrer comment les islamistes du PJD sont devenus modérés, et d’observer si le pragmatisme politique du PJD a véritablement encadré la sortie de la Chabiba islamiya de la vision radicale de la société - Hakimiyya (la souveraineté de dieu) - vers une vision réformiste en formant un parti politique. Pour ce faire, notre étude s’appuie sur des entretiens effectués avec des leaders et idéologues de ce parti. En outre, l’étude fait référence à un ensemble de documents et de travaux politiques définissant aussi bien l’idéologie de ce parti que celle du groupe d’Al-Adl wal-Ihssane (Justice et Bienfaisance). Ce dernier est le plus important groupe islamiste marocain qui rejette, contrairement au PJD, toute possibilité de s’intégrer dans le régime politique marocain.
Un islamisme à mi-chemin entre conservatisme religieux et réalisme politique
Authors: Benbounou Abdellatif
Published: May 2023

Ce texte examine l’idéologie politique du Mouvement pour laoumma(al-ḥaraka min ajl al-umma), un mouvement minoritaire au sein du paysage islamiste marocain, mais indépendant de la matrice islamiste arabe et maghrébine. Il se situe à mi-chemin entre conservatisme religieux et réalisme politique, cela en rapport avec sa conception de la laïcité, de laoumma, de l’État et de la charia. En effet, ce mouvement rejette la laïcité à l’occidentale, mais opte tout de même pour la séparation du politique et du religieux. Selon sa doctrine, laoummaest souveraine, mais cette souveraineté est limitée par la charia. L’État incarne, dans l’optique de ce mouvement, une institution civile qui devrait toujours être au service de laoumma. Pour l’analyse de ce mouvement, nous avons consulté ses documents fondamentaux (sa doctrine politique) et effectué des entretiens avec ses leaders y compris son président Mohamed El-Marouani.
La conception des rapports entre politique et religion au sein du mouvement tunisien Ennaḥḍaẗ et les organisations dont il est issu (de 1960 au 14 janvier 2011)
Authors: Papi Stéphane
Published: May 2023

Afin de replacer dans leur profondeur historique des questions qui taraudent encore aujourd’hui la société tunisienne, à savoir celles concernant les rapports entre les sphères politique et religieuse et l’appréhension du concept de laïcité en tant que mode politique d’organisation des rapports existant entre ces deux sphères, cet article propose une analyse des positions du mouvement Ennaḥḍaẗ et des organisations dont il est issu sur ces questions dans la période s’étendant des années 1960 au 14 janvier 2011. Après avoir rappelé en premier lieu le contexte dans lequel le mouvement islamiste tunisien se développa, cet article envisagera trois périodes principales correspondant aux différentes structures associatives puis politiques au sein desquelles ce mouvement s’organisa, les positions du mouvement Ennaḥḍaẗ et des organisations dont il est issu, ayant su, tout en restant relativement stable, s’adapter aux différentes contingences politiques.
L’islamisme mauritanien est-il en métamorphose ? De l’utopie résurrectionniste à l’idéologie conservatrice
Authors: Ait Kabboura Mounia
Published: May 2023

L’étude du mouvement des Frères musulmans en Mauritanie dévoile ses transformations graduelles, passant de la restauration de l’idéal du califat perdu à l’idéologie réformiste centriste. Ils ont adopté une voie différente de leurs homologues égyptiens afin de répondre aux conditions sociales et politiques de leur pays. Contrairement à l’Égypte, la Mauritanie est une société tribale codifiée par l’islam, en tant que religion de l’ensemble des Mauritaniens, et en tant que source de législations, et elle est dominée par des régimes autoritaires putschistes. Dans ce contexte, les Frères mauritaniens ne pouvaient pas traiter la République islamique de Jâhiliyya ni réclamer l’État islamique de la Ḥākimmiyaẗ. En adoptant le « réformisme centriste », les Frères mauritaniens ont concilié la charia islamique et la démocratie, créant ainsi la « chouracratie », afin de former leur parti, participer aux élections et forcer l’État à se débarrasser de la casquette militaire. Ce virage politique avait des conséquences importantes sur les Frères du désert. Ils se sont divisés en deux courants opposés : l’un soutient le régime en place en empruntant une idéologie légitimiste, l’autre campe dans l’opposition en maintenant l’idéologie contestataire. Cet article mobilise les théories de l'utopie et de l'idéologie pour montrer que le changement vécu par les Frères mauritaniens ne peut être considéré comme un échec (Roy), mais plutôt comme une sortie de l'utopie vers l'idéologie. Ainsi, expliquer cette expérience par le biais de l’utopie et de l’idéologie permet de mieux comprendre les différentes dynamiques qui traversent l'islam politique contemporain.
Pedagogies of Negation
Authors: Velasquez-Potts Michelle C.
Published: May 2023

This essay discusses a course I taught in 2021 at the University of Texas at Austin. The course, titled “The Politics of Refusal,” was prompted by my interest in exploring how pain, debility, and suffering, usually understood as limited and passive experiences, might also be generative and disruptive. The essay reflects on the trajectory of the class as the semester progressed. In particular, I pay attention to the dynamics of discussion as they relate to students’ relationship to theory and to disability and care. I consider what worked, what needed rethinking, and what possibilities were opened up for imagining new and creative ways to approach teaching theory during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in the Multiple Sclerosis Community: A Call to Action
Authors: Hersh Carrie M. , Morrow Sarah A. , Williams Mitzi Joi , Amezcua Lilyana , Halper June , Wandersee Katherine
Published: May 2023

Many medical organizations have begun to confront the longstanding problem of inequalities in health care delivery and the undeniable effect of disparities on health outcomes. The Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers (CMSC) recognizes that disparities affect the lives of many people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and acknowledges the need to address this as an organization. The CMSC recently (1) appointed a task force, (2) conducted a survey of its membership, (3) commissioned this review article and call to action, and (4) formulated a mission statement on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), which was adopted by the CMSC’s Board of Governors in March 2023. This paper summarizes recent literature on health care disparities in MS, particularly those relating to race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and gender identity. It presents findings from CMSC’s survey of members’ awareness of DEI issues, the need for education and resources for MS care providers, and existing institutional policies on DEI in the members’ practice settings. It also presents the task force’s recommendations for next steps, which includes the goal of greater diversity in the MS workforce of the future. The CMSC will continue to revisit DEI policies and practices over time with the goal of motivating greater awareness, momentum, and positive changes within the MS community.
La digitalización en el sector bancario
Authors: Callau Berenguer Arturo
Published: May 2023

La digitalización (acción por la cual procesos, procedimientos y objetos analógicos se convierten al formato digital) puede conducir a la transformación interna de los modelos de negocio, estrategias, procesos y procedimientos de las compañías, lo que generalmente llamamos transformación digital. Esta transformación digital, o la capacidad para llevarla a cabo, podría considerarse una ventaja competitiva. Si tomamos como ejemplo el sector bancario y, dentro del mismo, diferenciamos los actores puramente digitales y los comparamos con los actores tradicionales, podríamos concluir que la ventaja competitiva no consiste solo en la digitalización y la transformación digital de los primeros, sino en un posicionamiento mucho más amplio que abarca la actitud de la compañía hacia la innovación –lo que se denomina orientación a la innovación–, de la que uno de sus resultados sería, por ejemplo, la digitalización y la consiguiente transformación digital.
Las biopolíticas de la financiarización de la vivienda: una aproximación a las violencias epistémicas del capitalismo financiero
Authors: Salinas Luis Alberto , Janoschka Michael
Published: May 2023

This article provides a conceptual understanding of the processes of financialization based on the concept of the biopolitics of housing financialization. Drawing on the Foucauldian categories of disciplining and regulation, we elaborate an empirical analysis of the mechanisms that, in Mexico, propagated the aspiration of various sectors of the population with limited resources to have access to a home of their own through mortgage loans. The construction of the notion of biopolitics of the financialization of housing is based on an empirical research conducted at two different times (2017 and 2020) and consisting of semi-structured interviews with owners of affordable housing in the periphery of the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico. It shows that, far from benefiting borrowers, their insertion in credit relations undermines income and negatively impacts their quality of life. The present discussion is articulated through five devices of the financial biocapitalism of housing —the discourse of personal wealth, socio-territorial stratification, the fallacy of social credit, the reality of peripheral life, and the reality of indebted lives—, which help to explain the epistemic violence inherent to a financialized model of economic and territorial development that produces economic and political gains for a few people, to the detriment of those who are supposed to benefit from housing policies. The analysis reveals that the devices implemented reflect the subtlety of the exercise of power in the financialized provision of housing.
Manuel Zapata Olivella: reflexiones contemporáneas sobre filosofía muntú, literatura política y trietnicidad latinoamericana
Authors: Mina Aragón William
Published: May 2023

This essay presents a complex view of the intercultural thought of Manuel Zapata Olivella. Three central points in his intellectual work are discussed based on fields such as anthropology, philosophy, and literary studies: Muntu philosophy, political literature, and Colombian and Latin American triethnicity, in which he was a pioneer and pillar. His ideas are approached resorting to the hermeneutics of his most representative works, such as Changó, el gran putas, La calle 10, and El hombre colombiano, based on which a documentary work is elaborated from an anthropological, literary, and philosophical perspective in order to approach his work from the three aspects he proposed. The article shows that there are historical-social keys to understanding Colombian society, evident from African conceptualizations such as Muntú (the human being articulated to creation). It also offers an understanding of the paradigm of multiculturalism based on the perspective of African traditions in the formation of the nation-state in Colombia. The study concludes that, despite their silencing and cultural invisibilization, Afro-Colombian populations have made their presence felt in the national intellectual, literary, and historical-social world; that the phenomenon of identity and ethnic, linguistic, religious, and musical diversity are the key that has defined Colombia; and that works such as those of Zapata Olivella were fundamental to placing the Afro-Colombian population in the academic and political arena, understanding them as a central subject in the formation of the nation-state.
A large-signal scaling model of high-power GaN microwave device
Authors: Cheng Ai-Qiang , Wang Shuai , Xu Zu-Yin , He Jin , Zhang Tian-Cheng , Bao Hua-Guang , Ding Da-Zhi ,   Division of Microwave Power Devices, Nanjing Electronic Devices Institute, Nanjing 210016, China,   Department of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Published: May 2023

With the rapid development of wireless communications, GaN HEMT, which has various advantages of high power density, high electron mobility, and high breakdown threshold, receiving increasing attention. Microwave power amplifiers based on GaN HEMTs are widely used in many fields, such as communication, medical, and detection instruments. In the accurate design of GaN microwave power amplifiers, reliable RF large signal model is vitally important. In this paper, a scalable large-signal model based on EEHEMT model is proposed to describe the properties of multifinger AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) accurately. A series of scaling rules is established for the intrinsic parameters of the device, including drain-source current Ids, input capacitance Cgs and Cgd, which take into account both the gate width of a single finger and the number of gate fingers. With the proposed scalable large-signal model, the performance of the L-band GaN high-efficiency power amplifier with a gate length of 14.4 mm is analyzed. This amplifier demonstrates outstanding performance, with the output power reaching to 46.5 dBm and the drain efficiency arriving at over 70% of the frequency range from 1120 MHz to 1340 MHz. Good agreement between the simulations and experiments is achieved, demonstrating the excellent accuracy of the proposed model. Moreover, the proposed model can further predict the performance of high-order harmonics, providing an effective tool for designing advanced high-power and high-efficiency microwave power amplifiers. Certainly, the EEHEMT model fails to characterize the dynamical behavior induced by trapping and self-heating effects. Thus, for further consideration, scaling models for the thermal resistance and heat capacity need further investigating to broaden the application scope of the proposed model in the case of continuous waves.
Electron transport in graphene nanoribbons with line defects
Authors: Ding Jin-Ting , Hu Pei-Jia , Guo Ai-Min ,   School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Published: May 2023

Bandgap engineering in graphene has been a hot topic in condensed matter physics. Although several line defects have been experimentally reported in graphene, the relationship between the bandgap engineering and the line defects has not yet been discussed. In this work, by combining the Green’s function method with the Landauer-Büttiker formula, we study theoretically the electron transport along disordered ZGNRs through taking into account three types of line defects which arise from random distribution of 4-8 rings. Our results show that although there exist electronic states around the Fermi energy of the disordered ZGNRs with randomly distributed line defects, all these electronic states are localized and a transmission gap appears around the Fermi energy. This localization phenomenon originates from the structural disorder induced by the randomly distributed line defects. To demonstrate the robustness of transmission gaps, we further calculate the conductance values of disordered ZGNR with different insertion probabilities and widths, finding that the size of transmission gap strongly depends upon the types of disorder, disorder degree, and width. When the disorder degree of line defects is low or the width of the nanoribbon is narrow, there is a notable difference in the size of the transmission gaps among the three types of disordered ZGNRs. As the width or disorder degree increases, the transmission gap size tends to be consistent. Like armchair ZGNRs, the transmission gap size decreases with the increase of width or disorder of ZGNR. Nonetheless, the openings of the transmission gaps in three types of disordered ZGNRs remain robust, regardless of variations in degree of disorder or width. These results are helpful in designing line-defect based nanodevices.
Prediction of ground-state spin in odd-A nuclei within decision tree
Authors: Wen Hu-Feng , Shang Tian-Shuai , Li Jian , Niu Zhong-Ming , Yang Dong , Xue Yong-He , Li Xiang , Huang Xiao-Long ,   School of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China,   School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China,   Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data, Chinese Academy of Atomic Energy Sciences, Beijing 102413, China
Published: May 2023

Ground-state spin, as a fundamental parameter of nucleus, has consistently been a hot topic in research on nuclear data and structure. In this paper, we extensively investigate the odd-mass nuclei (odd-A nuclei) on the nuclide chart by using decision trees, including odd-proton nuclei (odd-Z nuclei) and odd-neutron nuclei (odd-N nuclei), and train ground-state spin prediction models of odd-Z nuclei and odd-N nuclei. In the case of randomly dividing the training set and validation set in a ratio of 75% to 25%, the accuracy rate of the training set and validation set for odd-Z nuclei reach 98.9% and 79.3%, respectively. The accuracy rate of the training set and validation set for the odd-N nuclei reach 98.6% and 71.6%, respectively. At the same time, by 1000 random selections of training set and validation set, after being validated repetitively, the standard error of the accuracy rate obtained can be less than 5%, further verifying the reliability and generalization performance of the decision tree. On the other hand, the accuracy rate of decision tree is much higher than those of theoretical models commonly used in nuclear structure research, such as Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov, covariant density functional theory, and finite range droplet model. Next, by taking all spin-determined odd-Z nuclei and odd-N nuclei as a learning set, the ground-state spin values for 254 spin undetermined but recommended odd-Z nuclei and 268 spin undetermined but recommended odd-N nuclei are predicted, with the predicted set coincidence rates reaching 68.5% and 69.0%, respectively. Finally, four odd-mass number chains, i.e. Z = 59, Z =77, N = 41, and N = 59, are selected to compare the learning (prediction) results of the decision tree with the experimental (recommended) values of the corresponding nuclei, and to discuss the differences and similarities in the results given by the three theoretical models, thereby further demonstrating the research and application value of the decision tree in the ground-state spin of nuclei.
Interplay between PML NBs and HIRA for H3.3 dynamics following type I interferon stimulus
Authors: Kleijwegt Constance , Bressac Florent , Seurre Coline , Bouchereau Wilhelm , Cohen Camille , Texier Pascale , Simonet Thomas , Schaeffer Laurent , Lomonte Patrick , Corpet Armelle
Published: May 2023

Promyelocytic leukemia Nuclear Bodies (PML NBs) are nuclear membrane-less organelles physically associated with chromatin underscoring their crucial role in genome function. The H3.3 histone chaperone complex HIRA accumulates in PML NBs upon senescence, viral infection or IFN-I treatment in primary cells. Yet, the molecular mechanisms of this partitioning and its function in regulating histone dynamics have remained elusive. By using specific approaches, we identify intermolecular SUMO-SIM interactions as an essential mechanism for HIRA recruitment in PML NBs. Hence, we describe a role of PML NBs as nuclear depot centers to regulate HIRA distribution in the nucleus, dependent both on SP100 and DAXX/H3.3 levels. Upon IFN-I stimulation, PML is required for interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) transcription and PML NBs become juxtaposed to ISGs loci at late time points of IFN-I treatment. HIRA and PML are necessary for the prolonged H3.3 deposition at the transcriptional end sites of ISGs, well beyond the peak of transcription. Though, HIRA accumulation in PML NBs is dispensable for H3.3 deposition on ISGs. We thus uncover a dual function for PML/PML NBs, as buffering centers modulating the nuclear distribution of HIRA, and as chromosomal hubs regulating ISGs transcription and thus HIRA-mediated H3.3 deposition at ISGs upon inflammatory response.
Task-evoked metabolic demands of the posteromedial default mode network are shaped by dorsal attention and frontoparietal control networks
Authors: Godbersen Godber M , Klug Sebastian , Wadsak Wolfgang , Pichler Verena , Raitanen Julia , Rieckmann Anna , Stiernman Lars , Cocchi Luca , Breakspear Michael , Hacker Marcus , Lanzenberger Rupert , Hahn Andreas
Published: May 2023

External tasks evoke characteristic fMRI BOLD signal deactivations in the default mode network (DMN). However, for the corresponding metabolic glucose demands both decreases and increases have been reported. To resolve this discrepancy, functional PET/MRI data from 50 healthy subjects performing Tetris were combined with previously published data sets of working memory, visual and motor stimulation. We show that the glucose metabolism of the posteromedial DMN is dependent on the metabolic demands of the correspondingly engaged task-positive networks. Specifically, the dorsal attention and frontoparietal network shape the glucose metabolism of the posteromedial DMN in opposing directions. While tasks that mainly require an external focus of attention lead to a consistent downregulation of both metabolism and the BOLD signal in the posteromedial DMN, cognitive control during working memory requires a metabolically expensive BOLD suppression. This indicates that two types of BOLD deactivations with different oxygen-to-glucose index may occur in this region. We further speculate that consistent downregulation of the two signals is mediated by decreased glutamate signaling, while divergence may be subject to active GABAergic inhibition. The results demonstrate that the DMN relates to cognitive processing in a flexible manner and does not always act as a cohesive task-negative network in isolation.
Chemo- and optogenetic activation of hypothalamic Foxb1-expressing neurons and their terminal endings in the rostral-dorsolateral PAG leads to tachypnea, bradycardia, and immobility
Authors: Cola Reto B. , Roccaro-Waldmeyer Diana M. , Naim Samara , Babalian Alexander , Seebeck Petra , Alvarez-Bolado Gonzalo , Celio Marco R.
Published: May 2023

Foxb1-expressing neurons occur in the dorsal premammillary nucleus (PMd) and further rostrally in the parvafox nucleus, a longitudinal cluster of neurons in the lateral hypothalamus of rodents. The descending projection of these Foxb1
+
neurons end in the dorsolateral part of the periaqueductal gray (dlPAG). The functional role of the Foxb1
+
neuronal subpopulation in the PMd and the parvafox nucleus remains elusive. In this study, the activity of the Foxb1
+
neurons and of their terminal endings in the dlPAG was selectively altered by employing chemo- and optogenetic tools. Our results show that in whole-body barometric plethysmography, hM3Dq-mediated, global Foxb1
+
neuron excitation activates respiration. Time-resolved optogenetic gain-of-function manipulation of the terminal endings of Foxb1
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neurons in the rostral third of the dlPAG leads to abrupt immobility and bradycardia. Chemogenetic activation of Foxb1
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cell bodies and ChR2-mediated excitation of their axonal endings in the dlPAG led to a phenotypical presentation congruent with a “freezing-like” situation during innate defensive behavior.Contact: Marco R. Celio, marco.celio@unifr.ch. The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.Due to their storage in a university database, the datasets generated during the current study are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.This work was supported by the Swiss National Foundation grant 31003A_160325 to Marco R. Celio.