bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electron transport properties in degenerate magnesium tin oxynitride (Mg1−xSn1+xN2−2yO2y) with average wurtzite structure
Authors: Yata Shunichiro , Mizutani Mari , Makiuchi Kaede , Kawamura Fumio , Imura Masataka , Murata Hidenobu , Jia Junjun , Yamada Naoomi
Published: February 2022

MgSnN2 with an average wurtzite structure (wz-MgSnN2) has recently emerged as a pseudo-III-nitride semiconductor, studied for applications in tandem solar cells, green light-emitting diodes, and other optoelectronic devices. This compound has only been researched recently, and, therefore, its charge-carrier transport properties are poorly understood. Understanding these properties is essential for optoelectronic applications. In this study, we grew wz-Mg1−xSn1+xN2 biaxially oriented polycrystalline films with x = −0.08 to 0.29 by reactive sputtering and investigated the charge-carrier transport properties using both direct current and optical techniques. We regarded the wz-Mg1−xSn1+xN2 films as magnesium tin oxynitride films (wz-MTNO) because a certain amount of oxygen was unintentionally incorporated into the sputtered wz-Mg1−xSn1+xN2 films. The wz-MTNO layers were n-type degenerate semiconductors with an electron density (ne) of the order of 1020 cm−3. In films with ne > 8 × 1020 cm−3, optically extracted resistivities (ρopt) obtained via a Drude-fit analysis of the infrared transmittance and reflectance spectra were almost identical to the direct-current resistivities (ρdc), indicating that the contribution of grain boundary scattering to the electron transport was negligible. However, the contribution of grain boundary scattering became unignorable with decreasing ne. The Drude-fit analysis also allowed the determination of the conduction-band effective mass (mc*) for the first time. A band edge mass of mc*/m0 ≈ 0.2 (m0 denotes the free-electron mass) was obtained in the wz-MTNO layers with |x| < 0.1. As x was increased from −0.18 to 0.29, mc*/m0 substantially increased from 0.18 to 0.56, indicating that the conduction-band dispersion decreased. That is, the conduction-band dispersion may be affected by the cation composition x. The findings of this study will provide important information to establish this material as a practical nitride semiconductor.
Crystal orientation dependence of spin Hall angle in epitaxial Pt/FeNi systems
Authors: Ikebuchi Tetsuya , Shiota Yoichi , Ono Teruo , Nakamura Kohji , Moriyama Takahiro
Published: February 2022

The development of spintronics applications using the spin–orbit torque from the spin Hall effect is expected to advance the low-power consumption of various information devices. However, the dependence of the spin Hall effect on the crystal symmetry of the material has not been studied in detail. In this work, we investigate the dependence of the spin Hall angle on crystal orientation for epitaxial Pt in Pt/FeNi systems by using multiple ferromagnetic resonance techniques. Our estimation of the spin Hall angle indicates that the efficiency of spin current generation via the spin Hall effect can vary depending on the direction in which the spin current flows out, while the direction of the charge current has less impact on this efficiency.
Effect of spanwise folding on the aerodynamic performance of three dimensional flapping flat wing
Authors: Lang Xinyu , Song Bifeng , Yang Wenqing , Yang Xiaojun
Published: February 2022

Bird flight incorporates complex multi-degree-of-freedom motions, such as flapping, pitching, twisting, and folding. The aerodynamic mechanism of these complex movements, especially the coupled flapping-folding motion, still lacks in-depth understanding. In this study, the flapping-folding motion is numerically investigated based on a three-dimensional two-section flapping plate with various folding parameters. Different folding amplitudes, phase angles between flapping and folding, and mean folding angles are considered under a preset flapping motion. Kinematics of different flapping-folding motions is analyzed to establish the relationship between the motion and aerodynamic characteristics. The aerodynamic forces and flow structures are also compared. It is found that the folding motion affects the horizontal projection area of the wing, which primarily dominates the trend of lift variation. The folding motion mainly affects the development of the leading-edge vortex on the outer part of the wing by changing the local tangential velocity and the effective angle of attack, which in turn affects the instantaneous aerodynamic forces. A larger folding amplitude will cause an obvious phase shift on lift force and generate more thrust force. An increase in the phase angle between flapping and folding will reduce the lift amplitude, but a small phase angle is beneficial for thrust. A negative mean folding angle can enhance lift during downstroke and reduce negative lift in upstroke, thus significantly increasing the mean lift force, indicating a potential advantage of folding motion in lift generation. The research in this paper is helpful to understand the flight mechanism of birds and to design a micro-air vehicle with bio-inspired flapping kinematics.
Dielectric spectroscopic investigation of reversible photo-induced changes in amorphous Ge2Sb2Se5 thin films
Authors: Obeng Yaw S. , Nguyen Nhan V. , Amoah Papa K. , Ahn Jungjoon , Shalaginov Mikhail Y. , Hu Juejun , Richardson Kathleen A.
Published: February 2022

Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) was used to study thin films of Ge2Sb2Se5 exposed to low fluence UV-irradiation that resulted in thermally reversible photo-induced changes (PICs) on the film surfaces. Changes were characterized by reversible changes in film morphology and changes in the microwave scattering signature prior to and following irradiation. The PIC resulting from irradiation formed a low modulus and electrically resistive layer at the film surface. Modest heating of the photo-exposed material to about 60 °C anneals out the photo-formed layer to leave behind a very thin layer of smooth, thermally stable material at the film surface. Re-exposure of the material to UV-light recreated a foamy layer, which anneals away with modest heating over several cycles. The broadband microwave insertion loss (S21) increased with the film morphology changes after UV light exposure and decreased with thermal anneal over several cycles. These changes are correlated with transformations in the film's surface morphology and possibly structural modifications in the amorphous film. Thus, the BDS analysis provided interesting new insights into the nature of photo-induced processes in chalcogenide films, such as the electrical resistance consequences of morphological/structural changes.
Thermal conductivity of two stable bilayer phosphorene stackings: A computation study
Authors: Zhao Rentang , Pan Douxing
Published: February 2022

We report the thermal conductivity of two dynamically stable bilayer phosphorene stackings, i.e., a twisted phase with a twist angle of ∼70.5° (or 2O-tαP phase) and a shifting phase with half of the lattice constants (or AB phase). This was achieved by using the first-principles-driven lattice dynamics calculations and a fully iterative solver of the Boltzmann transport equation, the latter including an anharmonic phonon–phonon scattering effect. At room temperature, the thermal conductivity of the 2O-tαP phase is 146 and 108 W/mK along its two orthogonal lattice basis vectors, respectively, larger than that along the armchair direction (69 W/mK) of the AB phase, while smaller than that along the AB zigzag direction (164 W/mK); with an increasing temperature, the conductivity decreases along the basis vectors of the 2O-tαP and AB stackings, and the anisotropy lessens for both stackings. The thermal transport anisotropies for the two kinds of bilayer stacking can be attributed to the different proportions of their acoustic branches along different directions. In particular, the phonon mean free path showed that the in-plane transverse acoustic branch is the main contribution of the thermal conductivity along the short lattice constant direction of the 2O-tαP phase due to the twist angle extending the propagation path of transverse acoustic waves in the direction. Finally, the thermal conductivity accumulation was revealed to increase in the form of a hyperbolic tangent with mean free path of the phonons, which can be used to evaluate the size effect of the stacking materials in practice.
Study of Rayleigh–Bénard convection in a chemically reactive fluid using a generalized Lorenz model and the cubic–quintic Ginzburg–Landau equation
Authors: Kanchana C. , Laroze D. , Siddheshwar P. G.
Published: February 2022

Analytical study of linear and weakly nonlinear stability analyses of Rayleigh–Bénard convection in a chemically reactive two-component fluid system is reported by considering physically realistic and idealistic boundaries. Analytical expression for the eigenvalue as functions of the chemical potential and the relaxation parameter is reported in the cases of stationary, oscillatory, and subcritical instabilities. The preferred stationary mode at onset is attributed to the assumption of a chemical reaction. The possibility of subcritical motion in a specific range of values of the relaxation parameter is reported and the threshold value of this parameter at which the transition from the subcritical to the critical motion takes place is documented for different values of the chemical reaction rate. The higher-order generalized Lorenz model leads to the reduced-order cubic–quintic, Ginzburg–Landau equation (GLE), and using its solution, the heat transport is quantified in steady and unsteady convective regimes. The drawback of the cubic GLE and the need for the cubic–quintic GLE for studying the heat transfer in the case of subcritical regime is explained. The possibility of having pitchfork and inverted bifurcations at various values of the relaxation parameter is highlighted. The steady Nusselt number plots clearly show that in the case of a supercritical bifurcation, a smooth transition takes place from unity in the conduction state to a higher value as the Rayleigh number exceeds its critical value predicted by linear theory. In the case of subcritical bifurcation, however, a discontinuous transition is observed.
Laser-controlled ultrafast nonlinear optical responses of interacting e–h pairs in electromagnetically coupled GaAs quantum dots
Authors: Lu Xuejun , Huang Danhong , Gulley Jeremy R.
Published: February 2022

In this paper, by applying generalized density-matrix equations, we explore the ultrafast dynamics of photo-generated electron–hole pairs in the system composed of electromagnetically coupled GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dots and reveal the physics mechanism behind laser-controlled nonlinear-optical response of electron–hole pairs. For the single-dot system, we present numerical results to show the transient dependence of carrier occupations and induced quantum coherence of electron–hole pairs in the presence of either a single or double laser pulses, as well as for a step turning-on of the laser field. For a dipole-radiation coupled double-dot system, we study numerically the time dependence of both intradot and interdot self-consistent depolarization fields within and between two dots, respectively. Meanwhile, we further demonstrate the significance of phase matching between induced depolarization fields and incident-laser pulse in order to maximize the stimulated transitions of electron–hole pairs and ensure non-quenched Rabi oscillations in each quantum dot. The employed theoretical model and the associated numerical analysis method are expected to facilitate designing and developing artificial quantum molecules composed of arbitrarily dielectric-embedded quantum dots with non-local quantum interactions and entanglement, as well as optically manipulating electron states of artificial quantum molecules.
Research on ventilation and supercavitation mechanism of high-speed surface-piercing hydrofoil
Authors: Wang Yongjiu , Huang Chenguang , Du Tezhuan , Huang Renfang , Zhi Yuchang , Wang Yiwei , Xiao Zhijian , Bian Zhendong
Published: February 2022

Flow structures and hydrodynamic performance of high-speed surface-piercing hydrofoils were studied by numerical simulation, with an emphasis on the interaction mechanism between supercavitation and natural ventilation. Compared with the available experimental data, the numerical method could predict the cavitation and ventilation well. The numerical simulation results show that the flow over hydrofoil with blunt trailing edge is more conducive to separating. The semi-ogive hydrofoil was used to explore the influence of angles of attack on ventilation and cavitation. The ventilation rate increases with the increase in the angles of attack. At small attack angles (α = 0° and 2°), the regional ventilated flow is found in supercavitation. The vortex street structures and twin vortices closure mode are formed in the closure region of the supercavity. At moderate attack angles (α = 6° and 10°), the thickness of the undisturbed liquid sheet (δ) becomes thinner and the natural supercavitation transits to fully ventilated supercavitation through the cavitation-induced ventilation, but the ventilation position is different because of Taylor instability. The hydrodynamic coefficients remain relatively stable in natural supercavitation and the lift coefficient reduce to half of the original value when the supercavitation is fully ventilated, which are caused by the pressure changes on the suction and pressure surfaces.
Direct observations of electric-field-induced domain switching and phase transition in 0.95Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-0.05BaTiO3 single crystals using in situ transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Liu Hai , Zhang QiQi , Luo Haosu , Zhu Jing
Published: February 2022

Revealing the evolution of domain morphology and crystal structure during and after applying an electric field is essential to understand the physics of morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) in ferroelectric solid solutions. Here, electric-field-induced domain switching and phase transition in lead-free 0.95Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-0.05BaTiO3 (NBT-BT) single crystals were directly observed using in situ transmission electron microscopy. Rhombohedral (R) and tetragonal (T) phases coexisted in two regions, i.e., the ferroelectric region with {001}C and {011}C nanodomains and the relaxor region with polar nanoregions. In situ observations show that the applied electric fields induced a reversible 90° domain switching in the ferroelectric region and an incomplete reversible relaxor-to-ferroelectric transition in the relaxor region. A reversible T–R phase transition was also evidenced by the [130]C electron diffraction patterns. The electric-field-induced domain switching and phase transition in both regions contributed significantly to the enhanced macroscopic properties. These findings provide deep insights into the dynamic structural evolution of NBT-based materials near MPB and help to understand the microstructural mechanism of the macroscopic piezoelectric behaviors.
Formation and local structure of framework Al Lewis sites in beta zeolites
Authors: Kobera Libor , Dedecek Jiri , Klein Petr , Tabor Edyta , Brus Jiri , Fishchuk Anna V. , Sklenak Stepan
Published: February 2022

Framework AlFR Lewis sites represent a substantial portion of active sites in H-BEA zeolite catalysts activated at low temperatures. We studied their nature by 27Al WURST-QCPMG nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and proposed a plausible mechanism of their formation based on periodic density functional theory calculations constrained by 1H MAS, 27Al WURST-QCPMG, and 29Si MAS NMR experiments and FTIR measurements. Our results show that the electron-pair acceptor of AlFR Lewis sites corresponds to an AlTRI atom tricoordinated to the zeolite framework, which adsorbs a water molecule. This AlTRI–OH2 complex is reflected in 27Al NMR resonance with δiso = 70 ± 5 ppm and CQ = 13 ± 2 MHz. In addition, the AlTRI atom with adsorbed acetonitrile-d3 (the probe of AlFR Lewis sites in FTIR spectroscopy) exhibits a similar 27Al NMR resonance. We suggest that these AlFR Lewis sites are formed from Al–OH–Si–O–Si–O–Si–OH–Al sequences located in 12-rings (i.e., close unpaired Al atoms).
CoFeB/MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions for film-type strain gauge
Authors: Saito K. , Imai A. , Ota S. , Koyama T. , Ando A. , Chiba D.
Published: February 2022

We show that a CoFeB/MgO-based magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) formed directly on a flexible substrate has considerable potential as a high-sensitivity strain gauge. A gauge factor of ∼1000, which represents the highest sensitivity reported, thus far, for a film-type strain gauge and is ∼500 times larger than that of the most prevalent metal-foil strain gauge, is realized in the flexible MTJ with a pseudo-spin valve structure under the condition of external magnetic-field assistance. Additionally, using a flexible MTJ with strain-insensitive exchange-biased pinned and strain-sensitive free layers, we demonstrate that a large resistance change due to the strain application can be achieved under magnetic field-free conditions. According to simulations based on the coherent magnetization rotation model, conditions are suggested for improving the gauge factor, as well as for using the flexible MTJ as a strain gauge in practical applications.
On tensor fractions and tensor products in the category of stereotype spaces
Authors: Akbarov Sergei Saidmuzafarovich
Published: February 2022

We prove two identities that connect some natural tensor products in the category $\operatorname{LCS}$ of locally convex spaces with tensor products in the category $\operatorname{Ste}$ of stereotype spaces. In particular, we give sufficient conditions under which the identity
$$
X^\vartriangle\odot Y^\vartriangle\cong (X^\vartriangle\cdot Y^\vartriangle)^\vartriangle\cong (X\cdot Y)^\vartriangle
$$
holds, where $\odot$ is the injective tensor product in the category $\operatorname{Ste}$, $\cdot $ is the primary tensor product in $\operatorname{LCS}$, and $\vartriangle$ is the pseudosaturation operation in $\operatorname{LCS}$. The study of relations of this type is justified by the fact that they turn out to be important instruments for constructing duality theory based on the notion of an envelope. In particular, they are used in the construction of the duality theory for the class of (not necessarily Abelian) countable discrete groups.
Bibliography: 15 titles.
Strong convexity of reachable sets of linear systems
Authors: Balashov Maxim Viktorovich
Published: February 2022

The reachable set on some time interval of a linear control system $x'\in Ax {+} U$, $x(0)=0$, is considered. A number of cases is examined when the reachable set is the intersection of some balls of fixed radius $R$ (that is, a strongly convex set of radius $R$). In some cases the radius $R$ is estimated from above. It turns out that strong convexity is fairly typical for this class of reachable sets in a certain sense.
Among possible applications of this result are the possibility of constructing outer polyhedral approximation of reachable sets with better accuracy in the Hausdorff metric than in the general case, and applications to linear differential games and some optimization problems.
Bibliography: 23 titles.
Integrals of a difference of subharmonic functions against measures and the Nevanlinna characteristic
Authors: Khabibullin Bulat Nurmievich
Published: February 2022

Integral inequalities for integrals of differences of subharmonic functions against Borel measures on balls in multidimensional Euclidean spaces are obtained. These integrals are estimated from above in terms of the product of the Nevanlinna characteristic of the function and various characteristics of the Borel measure and its support. The main theorem, which is a criterion concerning such estimates, presents several equivalent statements of different character. All results are new for the logarithms of the moduli of meromorphic functions on discs in the complex plane. They cover all preceding results, which go back to the classical small arcs lemma of Edrei and Fuchs, as special cases. Integrals against Borel measures with support on fractal sets are also allowed; in this case estimates are in terms of the Hausdorff measure and Hausdorff content of the support of the measure. Special cases of functions on the whole complex plane or space, or in the unit disc or ball, which are important for applications are distinguished, as well as cases involving integration against arc length over subsets of Lipschitz curves and against surface area over subsets of Lipschitz hypersurfaces.
Bibliography: 42 titles.
Macrofauna communities and their relationship with soil structural quality in different land use systems
Authors: Demetrio Wilian , Cavalieri-Polizeli Karina Maria Vieira , Guimarães Rachel Muylaert Locks , Ferreira Stephanie de Almeida , Parron Lucilia Maria , Brown George G.
Published: February 2022

Context Soil structural quality (Sq) influences soil water dynamics, greenhouse gas emissions and plant productivity in natural and agricultural environments. Hence, assessing soil structural quality using simple methods is crucial to identifying potential impacts of different land uses. Aims Identify correlations between Sq and macroinvertebrate communities in seven land use systems (LUS). Methods Seven LUS were studied: native mixed ombrophylous forest (NF), native grassland (NG), native grass pasture (NP), Eucalyptus sp. plantation (EP, 20-years-old), no-tillage annual cropping (NT), integrated crop–livestock (ICL) and crop–livestock–forestry (ICLF). Each LUS had three plots and Sq and macrofauna community were evaluated. Sq was assessed through visual evaluation of soil structure (VESS) – a Sq score was assigned to each identified layer. Soil macrofauna were hand-sorted from each of these layers. Soil samples were taken in each LUS to describe selected chemical and physical attributes related to soil quality. Results All LUS had non-degraded soil structure quality (Sq ≤ 3); however, with differences in Sq among LUS mainly in deeper layers. The VESS showed better Sq in NF (1.53) and NP (1.85) compared to the other LUS, with highest Sq scores for ICL and NG. The NP had the largest macrofauna communities (12 183 ind. m−2), comprising mainly termites and earthworms, with taxa richness highest in NF. Conclusions Correlations between soil macrofauna (i.e. total density, termites and other groups) and Sq were observed, demonstrating that larger macrofauna populations were associated with better soil structural quality. Implications Biological indicators, like soil macrofauna, can be easily measured at low cost and linked to visual Sq, facilitating simultaneous assessment of soil physical and biological health.
Contribution of cytoplasm viscoelastic properties to mitotic spindle positioning
Authors: Xie Jing , Najafi Javad , Le Borgne Rémi , Verbavatz Jean-Marc , Durieu Catherine , Sallé Jeremy , Minc Nicolas
Published: February 2022

Significance

The regulation of mitotic spindle positioning is a key process for tissue architecture, embryo development, and stem cells. To date, most models have assumed that spindles are positioned by forces exerted by polar cytoskeleton networks, like microtubule asters or actomyosin bundles. Here, using in situ magnetic tweezers to apply calibrated forces and torques to mitotic spindles in live dividing sea urchin cells, we found that the viscoelastic properties of the cytoplasm medium in which spindles are embedded can hold spindles in place and move them back if their original position is perturbed. These viscoelastic forces are large and may significantly participate in the force balance that position and orient mitotic spindles in many cell types.
Deciphering the endometrial niche of human thin endometrium at single-cell resolution
Authors: Lv Haining , Zhao Guangfeng , Jiang Peipei , Wang Huiyan , Wang Zhiyin , Yao Simin , Zhou Zhenhua , Wang Limin , Liu Dan , Deng Wenbo , Dai Jianwu , Hu Yali
Published: February 2022

Significance

Thin endometrium is the most common reason for uterine infertility and refractory gynecological diseases due to its complexity in pathogenesis and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Here, we profile cells from normal and thin endometrium at single-cell resolution to investigate the sophisticated alterations in the local microenvironment that occur in thin endometrium. Increased cellular senescence, collagen overdeposition, and significant down-regulation of gene expression related to cell proliferation are observed and confirmed. Moreover, we demonstrate aberrant activation of the SEMA3 pathway accompanied by dampened EGF, PTN, and TWEAK signaling pathways in thin endometrium. These findings aid in understanding the mechanisms of thin endometrium and provide new tools to rejuvenate the atrophic endometrium for female fertility preservation and successful pregnancy.
LINE-1 expression in cancer correlates with p53 mutation, copy number alteration, and S phase checkpoint
Authors: McKerrow Wilson , Wang Xuya , Mendez-Dorantes Carlos , Mita Paolo , Cao Song , Grivainis Mark , Ding Li , LaCava John , Burns Kathleen H. , Boeke Jef D. , Fenyö David
Published: February 2022

Significance

In addition to canonical genes, our genomes encode repetitive copies of the LINE-1 retrotransposon. These elements duplicate themselves by cutting a single-strand break in genomic DNA and then reverse transcribing a new LINE-1 DNA copy into that breakpoint. In most contexts, LINE-1 elements are epigenetically repressed, but they are dramatically derepressed in many cancers, where they have the potential to impact genome integrity. We probed publicly available multiomic data from the CPTAC to identify the DNA damage response correlates of LINE-1 expression and validated the potential for LINE-1 overexpression to trigger RAD50 phosphorylation—a key step in an S phase double-strand break response pathway that we found to be highly correlated with LINE-1 expression in endometrial cancer.
Viral PB1-F2 and host IFN-γ guide ILC2 and T cell activity during influenza virus infection
Authors: Barman Tarani Kanta , Huber Victor C. , Bonin Jesse L. , Califano Danielle , Salmon Sharon L. , McKenzie Andrew N. J. , Metzger Dennis W.
Published: February 2022

Significance

The regulation of functional immune cell plasticity is poorly understood. Host environmental cues are critical, but the possible influence of pathogen-derived virulence factors has not been described. We have used reverse-engineered influenza A viruses that differ in PB1-F2 activity to analyze influenza in mice in the presence or absence of host interferon (IFN)-γ. In the absence of functional PB1-F2 and IFN-γ, lung ILC2s initiated robust IL-5 responses following viral challenge, which led to improved tissue integrity and survival. Conversely, functional PB1-F2 suppressed IL-5+ILC2 responses and induced a dominant IL-13+CD8 T cell response regardless of host IFN-γ. These findings demonstrate the critical interplay between the viral virulence factors and host cytokines in regulating protective pulmonary immunity during influenza virus infection.
Pulsed rise and growth of the Tibetan Plateau to its northern margin since ca. 30 Ma
Authors: Wang Weitao , Zhang Peizhen , Garzione Carmala N. , Liu Caicai , Zhang Zhuqi , Pang Jianzhang , Wang Yizhou , Zheng Dewen , Zheng Wenjun , Zhang Huiping
Published: February 2022

Significance

The formation of the Qaidam basin in the northeastern Tibet marked the onset of crustal deformation that propagated from the Indo-Asia collision zone to the northern margins of the Tibetan Plateau during the Cenozoic time. This paper presents magnetostratigraphies constrained by apatite fission-track ages that document the formation of the Qaidam basin at ca. 30 Ma, much younger than previous estimates of 65 to 50 Ma. Armed with chronology, the Qaidam basin–provenance analyses reveal pulsed deformation of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau beginning first at ca. 30 Ma and subsequently at ca. 10 Ma, timing suggesting close links to the removal of the mantle lithosphere beneath different portions of the Tibetan Plateau.
Going global against the tide
Authors: Díaz-Cintas Jorge , Zhang Juan
Published: February 2022

With the rapid development of digitization and the emergence of social networks and streaming platforms,
audiovisual translation (AVT) has become one of the most prolific expressions of global communication in today’s society, able to
overcome linguistic barriers when disseminating culture across the world. While audiovisual productions originally shot in English
seem to be able to take full advantage of this situation, China’s domestic programs frequently encounter more challenges to make
it overseas. Adopting a primarily translational approach, this paper borrows the concept of “cultural discount,” coined by Hoskins and Mirus (1988), to capture the notion that audiovisual productions are rooted
in one culture and, therefore, may have diminished appeal among viewers from other communities. The study holds that the degree of
cultural discount audiovisual productions may encounter when exported depends on numerous factors, which are explored through
examples of recently localized films and TV series of Chinese origin.
Transcodic marks in exam discourse in French
Authors: Steffens Marie
Published: February 2022

The present article focuses on semantic-pragmatic and sociolinguistic factors explaining the use of non-French words and
constructions in the exolingual communicative context of French exams. On the basis of an oral and written exam corpus, this article looks
into different types of cross-linguistic interactions to question the boundaries of codeswitching (CS) and propose a prototypical approach.
Special attention is given to the correlations between the embedded languages (in this case, English or Dutch) and the type of influence
these languages have on the participants’ French discourse. By taking into account the distribution of cross-linguistic interactions in the
discourse of different groups of participants divided according to the levels of the European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR 2001), this study shows that, even if lower level participants resort to other languages to
compensate for lexical deficiencies in French, they also choose to resort to non-French lexemes due to semantic and sociolinguistic factors,
as is the case for advanced level speakers. From the perspective of language assessment, the notion of lexical error is central. Based on a
typology of embedded units, this study aims at identifying the factors of acceptability of different types of transcodic marks.
How sentence type influences the interpretation of Spanish future constructions
Authors: Rosemeyer Malte , Sansiñena María Sol
Published: February 2022

It is well known that Spanish futurizing morphology is frequently used not to express futurity, but instead to formulate a hypothesis, i.e. express epistemic modality. Although this is possible with both synthetic or periphrastic future marking, the synthetic future tense is more likely to express an epistemic reading than the periphrastic future. This paper explores the relationship between futurizing morphology and sentence type on the basis of a quantitative analysis of aboutn = 2,700 tokens of synthetic and periphrastic ‘future’ constructions in spoken conversations from Madrid, Buenos Aires and Santiago de Chile. On the basis of a bottom-up classification of these tokens regarding their potential to express modal meanings, we demonstrate that polar and partial futurizing interrogatives are more likely to display modal meanings and associated rhetorical effects than futurizing declaratives. This effect is even stronger for synthetic future constructions, due to a conventionalization of specific form-function pairings. Finally, we also document substantial dialectal variation in the use of futurizing morphology.
Eavesdropping attack on a continuous-variable source-independent quantum random number generator with fluctuating local oscillator
Authors: Zhou Han , Zheng Ziyong , Huang Luyu , Wang Xiangyu , Chen Ziyang , Yu Song
Published: February 2022

In the practical continuous-variable source-independent quantum random number generator, it is usually necessary to introduce a local oscillator to amplify the received quantum signal due to its weak intensity. However, the intensity fluctuation of the local oscillator itself will lead to a deviation in evaluating the randomness without monitoring the local oscillator in real time and calibrating each output measurement, which will inevitably open a loophole for the eavesdropper to intercept the information of generated random numbers. Here, we present an eavesdropping attack utilizing this loophole. The results of numerical simulation indicate that when the proposed eavesdropping attack is performed, the evaluated extractable randomness value will be compromised severely, which will impact the communication security under the practical conditions. Meanwhile, we analyze the effects of practical imperfections in the presence of local oscillator fluctuation. Taking this as a reference, we may consider how to perfect the experimental system in practice and how to deal with this kind of eavesdropping attack.
Metal–non-metal transition in lead–bismuth eutectic
Authors: Kondratyev A M , Korobenko V N , Rakhel A D
Published: February 2022

Thermodynamic functions and electrical resistivity of Pb–Bi eutectic alloy have been measured over wide ranges of specific volume and pressure in the liquid and gaseous state. The experimental data show a crossover from metallic to insulating behavior in the electrical resistivity of the alloy when its specific volume increases. It is found that in the crossover region the constant volume temperature coefficient of resistivity changes sign from positive to negative and passes through zero at a value of the specific volume which is 2.4 times larger than that in normal state. The second salient feature of the alloy revealed by these experiments is that the isochores plotted in the specific internal energy—pressure plane are straight lines. Based on these experimental data and using an earlier developed approach, an equation of state (EOS) of the alloy has been constructed whose accuracy is determined mainly by the errors of the measurements. It is shown that this EOS can be used to obtain direct estimates of the specific volume and pressure at the critical point of the liquid–gas transition as well as the critical volume for the metal–non-metal (M–NM) transition observed in this eutectic. The results indicate that the critical specific volumes for these two transitions are equal, and the M–NM transition can be described by the classical percolation theory.
Hidden surface photovoltages revealed by pump probe KPFM
Authors: Aubriet Valentin , Courouble Kristell , Bardagot Olivier , Demadrille Renaud , Borowik Łukasz , Grévin Benjamin
Published: February 2022

In this work, we use pump-probe Kelvin probe force microscopy (pp-KPFM) in combination with non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) under ultrahigh vacuum, to investigate the nature of the light-induced surface potential dynamics in alumina-passivated crystalline silicon, and in an organic bulk heterojunction thin film based on the PTB7-PC71BM tandem. In both cases, we demonstrate that it is possible to identify and separate the contributions of two different kinds of photo-induced charge distributions that give rise to potential shifts with opposite polarities, each characterized by different dynamics. The data acquired on the passivated crystalline silicon are shown to be fully consistent with the band-bending at the silicon-oxide interface, and with electron trapping processes in acceptors states and in the passivation layer. The full sequence of events that follow the electron–hole generation can be observed on the pp-KPFM curves, i.e. the carriers spatial separation and hole accumulation in the space charge area, the electron trapping, the electron–hole recombination, and finally the electron trap-release. Two dimensional dynamical maps of the organic blend photo-response are obtained by recording the pump-probe KPFM curves in data cube mode, and by implementing a specific batch processing protocol. Sample areas displaying an extra positive SPV component characterized by decay time-constants of a few tens of microseconds are thus revealed, and are tentatively attributed to specific interfaces formed between a polymer-enriched skin layer and recessed acceptor aggregates. Decay time constant images of the negative SPV component confirm that the acceptor clusters act as electron-trapping centres. Whatever the photovoltaic technology, our results exemplify how some of the SPV components may remain completely hidden to conventional SPV imaging by KPFM, with possible consequences in terms of photo-response misinterpretation. This work furthermore highlights the need of implementing time-resolved techniques that can provide a quantitative measurement of the time-resolved potential.
Towards accurate facial nerve segmentation with decoupling optimization
Authors: Dong Bo , Lu Chenxi , Hu Xi , Zhao Yang , He Hongjian , Wang Jing
Published: February 2022

Robotic cochlear implantation is an effective way to restore the hearing of hearing-impaired patients, and facial nerve recognition is the key to the operation. However, accurate facial nerve segmentation is a challenging task, mainly for two key issues: (1) the facial nerve area is very small in image, and there are many similar areas; (2) low contrast of the border between the facial nerve and the surrounding tissues increases the difficulty. In this work, we propose an end-to-end neural network, called FNSegNet, with two stages to solve these problems. Specifically, in the coarse segmentation stage, we first adopt three search identification modules to capture small objects by expanding the receptive field from high-level features and combine an effective pyramid fusion module to fuse. In the refine segmentation stage, we use a decoupling optimization module to establish the relationship between the central region and the boundary details of facial nerve by decoupling the boundary and center area. Meanwhile, we feed them into a spatial attention module to correct the conflict regions. Extensive experiments on the challenging dataset demonstrate that the proposed FNSegNet significantly improves the segmentation accuracy (0.858 on Dice, 0.363 mm on 95% Hausdorff distance), and reduces the computational complexity (13.33G on FLOPs, 9.86M parameters).
Phase-space representation of diffraction in time: analytic results
Authors: Barbier Maximilien , Goussev Arseni
Published: February 2022

Diffraction in time manifests itself as the appearance of probability-density fringes when a matter wave passes through an opaque screen with abrupt temporal variations of transmission properties. Here we analytically describe the phase-space structure of diffraction-in-time fringes for a class of smooth time gratings. More precisely, we obtain an analytic expression for the Husimi distribution representing the state of the system in the case of time gratings comprising a succession of Lorentzian-like slits. In particular, for a double-slit scenario, we derive a simple and intuitive expression that accurately captures the position of interference fringes in phase space.
Gauge protection in non-abelian lattice gauge theories
Authors: Halimeh Jad C , Lang Haifeng , Hauke Philipp
Published: February 2022

Protection of gauge invariance in experimental realizations of lattice gauge theories based on energy-penalty schemes has recently stimulated impressive efforts both theoretically and in setups of quantum synthetic matter. A major challenge is the reliability of such schemes in non-abelian gauge theories where local conservation laws do not commute. Here, we show through exact diagonalization (ED) that non-abelian gauge invariance can be reliably controlled using gauge-protection terms that energetically stabilize the target gauge sector in Hilbert space, suppressing gauge violations due to unitary gauge-breaking errors. We present analytic arguments that predict a volume-independent protection strength V, which when sufficiently large leads to the emergence of an adjusted gauge theory with the same local gauge symmetry up to least a timescale

∝

V
/

V

0

3

. Thereafter, a renormalized gauge theory dominates up to a timescale ∝exp(V/V
0)/V
0 with V
0 a volume-independent energy factor, similar to the case of faulty abelian gauge theories. Moreover, we show for certain experimentally relevant errors that single-body protection terms robustly suppress gauge violations up to all accessible evolution times in ED, and demonstrate that the adjusted gauge theory emerges in this case as well. These single-body protection terms can be readily implemented with fewer engineering requirements than the ideal gauge theory itself in current ultracold-atom setups and noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices.
Two-fluid hydrodynamics of cold atomic bosons under the influence of quantum fluctuations at non-zero temperatures
Authors: Andreev Pavel A
Published: February 2022

Ultracold Bose atoms is the physical system existing at the small finite temperatures, where the quantum and nonlinear phenomena play crucial role. Bosons are considered to be composed of two different fluids: the Bose–Einstein condensate and the normal fluid (the thermal component). The extended hydrodynamic models are obtained for each fluids, where the pressure evolution equations and the pressure flux third rank tensor evolution equations are obtained along with the continuity and Euler equations. It is found that the pressure evolution equation contains zero contribution of the short-range interaction. The pressure flux evolution equation contains the interaction which simplifies to the quantum fluctuations in the zero temperature limit. The structure of the third rank tensor describing this interaction is obtained in the regime of small temperature and weak interaction. The model is derived via the straightforward calculation of evolution of macroscopic functions using the microscopic many-particle Schrodinger equation in the coordinate representation. Finally, the two-fluid hydrodynamics is constructed in form of four equations for each fluid in order to give model describing the quantum fluctuations in BEC and the thermal effects in the normal fluid.
Transit Timing Variation of XO-3b: Evidence for Tidal Evolution of Hot Jupiter with High Eccentricity
Authors: Yang Fan , Wei Xing
Published: February 2022

Observed transit timing variation (TTV) potentially reveals the period decay caused by star-planet tidal interaction which can explain the orbital migration of hot Jupiters. We report the TTV of XO-3b, using TESS observed timings and archival timings. We generate a photometric pipeline to produce light curves from raw TESS images and find the difference between our pipeline and TESS PDC is negligible for timing analysis. TESS timing presents a shift of 17.6 minutes (80σ), earlier than the prediction from the previous ephemeris. The best linear fit for all timings available gives a Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) value of 439. A quadratic function is a better model with a BIC of 56. The period derivative obtained from a quadratic function is −6.2 × 10−9 ± 2.9 × 10−10 per orbit, indicating an orbital decay timescale 1.4 Myr. We find that the orbital period decay can be well explained by tidal interaction. The “modified tidal quality factor”

Q

p

′

would be 1.8 × 104 ± 8 × 102 if we assume the decay is due to the tide in the planet; whereas

Q

*

′

would be 1.5 × 105 ± 6 × 103 if tidal dissipation is predominantly in the star. The precession model is another possible origin to explain the observed TTVs. We note that the follow-up observations of occultation timing and radial velocity monitoring are needed for fully discriminating the different models.
Open craniocerebral hematoma imaging based on near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Li Yanyan , Luo Haijun , Fan Xinyan , Lv Yi , Xie Xiru , Luo Xia , Guo Pan
Published: February 2022

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive, portable and low-cost technique, giving it great advantages for the early diagnosis of craniocerebral hematoma. More information on a hematoma can help medical staff to classify a patient’s condition in order to give more timely and effective treatment. Based on the principle of NIRS, in this paper a simulation of brain tissue is carried out in COMSOL finite element simulation software and brain tissue models are constructed of single-target hematoma, dual-target hematoma and hematomas at different depths. An array scanning single-source multi-detector is used to detect optical information and images are reconstructed and optimized by an imaging algorithm and the derivative peak sharpening method. The results show that a single-target hematoma can be accurately imaged, and the offset of the coordinate is within 1.4 mm,. The accuracy of dual-target hematoma imaging is limited, but derivative peak sharpening and multidirectional measurement can optimize the imaging effect. The array scanning detector can detect information about hematomas situated up to a depth of about 14 mm in the subcutaneous tissue.
Long-term changes in functional connectivity improve prediction of responses to intracranial stimulation of the human brain
Authors: A Papasavvas Christoforos , Neal Taylor Peter , Wang Yujiang
Published: February 2022

Objective. Targeted electrical stimulation of the brain perturbs neural networks and modulates their rhythmic activity both at the site of stimulation and at remote brain regions. Understanding, or even predicting, this neuromodulatory effect is crucial for any therapeutic use of brain stimulation. The objective of this study was to investigate if brain network properties prior to stimulation sessions hold associative and predictive value in understanding the neuromodulatory effect of electrical stimulation in a clinical context. Approach. We analysed the stimulation responses in 131 stimulation sessions across 66 patients with focal epilepsy recorded through intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG). We considered functional and structural connectivity features as predictors of the response at every iEEG contact. Taking advantage of multiple recordings over days, we also investigated how slow changes in interictal functional connectivity (FC) ahead of the stimulation, representing the long-term variability of FC, relate to stimulation responses. Main results. The long-term variability of FC exhibits strong association with the stimulation-induced increases in delta and theta band power. Furthermore, we show through cross-validation that long-term variability of FC improves prediction of responses above the performance of spatial predictors alone. Significance. This study highlights the importance of the slow dynamics of FC in the prediction of brain stimulation responses. Furthermore, these findings can enhance the patient-specific design of effective neuromodulatory protocols for therapeutic interventions.