bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Image reconstruction from compressed measurements for ultrasound NDT
Authors:   Fraunhofer-Institute for Non-Destructive Testing (IZFP), Pérez Eduardo ,   Fraunhofer-Institute for Non-Destructive Testing (IZFP), Kirchhof Jan ,   Fraunhofer-Institute for Non-Destructive Testing (IZFP), Kieg Fabian ,   Fraunhofer-Institute for Non-Destructive Testing (IZFP), Römer Florian
Published: October 2024

In ultrasound NDT, Delay-and-Sum schemes are commonly used to reconstruct images from the measurement data. For single channel pulse-echo measurements, this is called Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT). In a multi-channel setup, SAFT is extended to the Total Focusing Method (TFM), where the focused image is reconstructed from measurements of all transmit-receive combinations, called Full Matrix Capture (FMC). In previous work, we showed that both SAFT and TFM can be cast as a sparse recovery problem that enables enhancing the Delay-and-Sum scheme to a physically motivated forward model that leads to improved image quality. The reconstruction is performed using l1 minimization. Further, this also allows to perform the reconstruction from compressed/subsampled measurements following compressed sensing theory. This subsampling was achieved by only measuring a subset of the frequency coefficients of the signal. In both the single channel and the multi-channel setup the amount of measurement data is thereby significantly reduced. Additionally, for the TFM, we added a spatial subsampling by only considering a subset of transmit and receive pairs, further reducing the measurement data and at the same time also reducing the measurement time. In our previous work, the frequency and spatial dimensions were considered separately for simplicity, using the same compression strategy for all spatial measurements. In this work we consider joint frequency/spatial compression schemes. We show that a joint multidimensional compression strategy where different Fourier subsets are considered for each channel pair leads to a superior reconstruction performance when the compression rate is fixed. Analysis based on an analytical model for a single defect and a real-world example with multiple defects shows that the approach works in practice.
Automated surface crack detection with inductive thermography
Authors:   Montan Universität (University of Leoben), Oswald-Tranta Beate
Published: October 2024

In recent years, inductive thermography has become established as a non-destructive inspection technique for detecting surface cracks in metallic parts. A short inductive heating pulse (0.1 – 1 s) is applied to the sample and an infrared camera records the surface temperature during and after the heating pulse. Since a surface crack obstructs both the eddy current flow and the heat flow, the defect becomes well visible in the infrared images. The technique has the advantage of being contact-free, fast and it can be fully automated. Additionally, it also provides information about the crack depth, because the deeper the crack, the greater the obstacle to the eddy current and to the heat flow. In order to detect the cracks in the infrared images of castings and forgings with complex geometry, a comparison method has been developed. The images of the inspected parts are compared with images of reference parts, and in this way artefacts caused by edges and corners of the parts are filtered out and not marked as defects. This greatly increases the robustness of the fully automated inspection, which can test parts 24 hours a day, and 7 days a week, without any human interaction, and the results of each part are well documented and stored.
Development of Rail Camera for Bridge inspection with Attitude Control using Thrust of Rotors
Authors:   Ariake College, Iwamoto Tatsuya ,   National Institute of Technology, Kumamoto College, Hayama Kiyoteru ,   National Institute of Technology, Kumamoto College, Irie Hiroki ,   National Institute of Technology, Kumamoto College, Matsuka Takeju
Published: October 2024

A lot of concrete structures are deteriorating to dangerous levels throughout Japan. These concrete structures need to be inspected regularly to ensure they are safe enough to be used. According to national standards, a visual inspection of the bridge is required once every five years. In the visual inspection, the worker checks the bridge with their own eyes directly. So, it is necessary to set up scaffolding to access the bridge's underside for visual inspection. Alternatively, it is an essential aerial work platform. However, setting up of scaffolding and aerial work platforms is not economical in time and money. So, we developed an inspection device for the check of bridges called a Rail camera. This inspection device connects a rod and a rail and the connection has a rotational degree of freedom. Rotors are attached to the tip of the rod and it can be attitude controlled by thrust of rotors. So, half of the device's weight is lifted by the thrust of the rotors. And it can be taken with a camera mounted on an electric slider on the rail. The worker on the bridge can check the underside of the bridge safely by holding the rod with one hand and operating the rail camera with another hand. The rail camera developed had a rail length of 2 m and a weight of 2.5 kg. Magnesium was used for the rail and rod to reduce weight. Coaxial rotors were used to cancel the counter-torque caused by the rotation of the propeller. To verify the performance, a visual inspection was performed on the bridge. As a result, it was confirmed that the horizontal attitude was maintained by the rotor thrust.
Qualification Of Inspection Systems In Nuclear Power Plants. Looking For Excellence
Authors:   Spanish Society for Nondestructive Testing (AEND), Martínez-Oña R. ,   Spanish Society for Nondestructive Testing (AEND), Rodríguez Rodolfo ,   Spanish Society for Nondestructive Testing (AEND), González I.
Published: October 2024

Inspection reliability is an area of growing interest. In particular, in certain industrial sectors involving critical structures, such as nuclear power plants for energy generation, reliability of Non-Destructive Examinations (NDE) has received special attention since more than 40 years. Many initiatives and projects (PISC, EPRI NDE, ENIQ, etc.) developed and generated new findings and results. In addition, the inspection systems are regularly optimized for improving the NDE reliability as much as possible. In the early 1990s, the European Network for Inspection Qualification (ENIQ) continued the PISC NDE reliability research and, few years later, issued the European Methodology for Qualification of Non-Destructive Testing. The methodology considers the NDE system follows the modular model of reliability as well as complementary tasks to address human factors issues. Then, every country develops his own methodology based on the existing legal requirements and the ENIQ Methodology. This is the case of Spain, in which the CSN (the Nuclear Safety Body) requires the qualification of inspection systems before their application in the Nuclear Power Plants (NPP). This paper describes the main characteristics of the Spanish Methodology as well as examples to facilitate the understanding of the ideas behind the approach that currently applied in the Spanish NPPs since the mid-2000s.
3d Mapping Of Stiffness Evolution Of Hardening Concrete With Saps Using Elastic Wave Tomography
Authors:   Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Korda Eleni ,   Kyoto University, Okude Nobuhiro ,   Kyoto University, Shiotani Tomoki ,   University of Ghent (UGent), De Schutter Geert ,   Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Aggelis Dimitrios G.
Published: October 2024

Phenomena occurring during the delicate phase of concrete curing can have a strong influence on the final mechanical properties. Therefore, monitoring the changes during hydration can provide meaningful information on the material properties. Lately, non-destructive techniques have received great attention for monitoring earlyage concrete. This paper aims to assess the ultrasonic velocity and stiffness development of hardening concrete during various curing stages using the Elastic Wave Tomography (EWT) technique. The monitoring of the curing process starts as soon as seven hours after casting and lasts up to seventy hours. A three-dimensional (3D) wave velocity map is created, and conventional concrete is compared to concrete containing SuperAbsorbent Polymers (SAPs), a novel admixture used for shrinkage mitigation by providing internal curing in the cementitious matrix. However, SAPs have been proven to reduce compressive strength when added to concrete, due to the increased porosity they induce. This porosity may also result in the reduction of the wave velocity. However, the internal curing provided by the SAPs can promote the formation of new hydration products in the matrix and thus (partly) compensate for the strength loss making the uniformity of the internal curing another important point of concern. EWT can provide global information on the homogeneity of the influence of the SAPs in the cementitious matrix as opposed to the wave velocity of a single wave path that is usually examined in practice. In addition, the determination of the early-age stiffness evolution can be connected to the final mechanical properties of the material. The dynamic Young’s Modulus is calculated and compared to the static Young’s modulus at 28 days. Predictions towards the static Young’s modulus are also made, showing good agreement.
Characterization of Oxygen Diffusion and Catalytic Behavior of Composite Materials in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Using the Non-destructive Adler-Lane-Steele Method
Authors:   University Kebangsaan, Abd Aziz Azreen Junaida ,   University Kebangsaan, Baharuddin Nurul Akidah ,   University Kebangsaan, Lim Bee Huah
Published: October 2024

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are technologically interesting because they provide high-efficiency energy conversion via an electrochemical reaction within the cells. To bring SOFC to market, researchers must develop highly electroactive, low-cost devices that are chemically stable in both high (800 – 1000 °C) and low (600 – 800 °C) temperatures, as well as optimize oxygen reduction in electrodes. The electrochemical performance of SOFC is highly dependent on the catalytic activity (or catalyst behaviours) of the electrode materials involved in the oxygen reduction reaction due to the slower oxygen reduction kinetics at lower temperatures. Understanding the fundamental properties of oxygen self-diffusion in solid-state ionic systems is critical for developing nextgeneration electrolyte and electrode material compositions and microstructures that enable SOFCs to operate at lower temperatures more effectively, durably, and affordably. To date, the most common method for evaluating electrocatalytic performance is electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which causes sample damage due to its set-up procedure. As a result, modelling approaches have been used to better understand the reaction mechanism, oxygen diffusion coefficient, and kinetics of SOFC electrode reactions, including the mixed ionic electronic conductor (MIEC)-based electrode. Several models have recently been developed to represent the reaction mechanisms of SOFCs, with Adler-Lane-Steele (ASL) mathematical theory believed to be suitable for predicting oxygen gas diffusion through the pores of the MIEC-based materials. Hence, the aim of this paper is to validate the area-specific resistance of composite electrodes using the ASL modeling technique rather than the standard EIS analysis. The findings are significant in contributing to the development of a new non-destructive method for analyzing the catalytic behavior of SOFC components.
Composite Materials For Creation Of Anti-Icing Elements And Other Aircraft Systems
Authors:   National Academy of Science of Ukraine (NASU), Kazakevych Mykhail Leonidovych ,   National Academy of Science of Ukraine (NASU), Kazakevych Volodymyr M.
Published: October 2024

The relevance of the development is related to the safety of aircraft flights, which is significantly affected by aircraft icing. The reliability of the anti-icing system (AIC) is a prerequisite for all modern aircraft, as well as for high-altitude unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Icing of aircraft and UAVs is a very urgent problem, as evidenced by a large number of foreign publications and patents on proposals for methods of removing ice from metal and composite structures using nanomaterials. Icing can lead to a decrease in the lifting power of the aircraft and an increase in drag, and also affects the operation of the aircraft controls, reduces visibility from the cockpit, increases vibration and load on individual elements of the airframe, and negatively affects the operation of engines
Discussion on effect of observation circumstances for image in digital radiography
Authors:   IHI Inspection & Instrumentation Co.Ltd, Takita Masahiro ,   Japanese Society for Non-Destructive Inspection (JSNDI), Ooka Norikazu ,   Fujifilm Corporation, Narukawa Yasunori ,   Toshiba Inspection Solutions Co., Ltd., Nishi Ryoji ,   Hitachi Ltd, Yokota Kazushige ,   Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute, Kawahara Daigo ,   Japan Power Engineering and Inspection Corporation (JAPEIC), Makihara Zenji
Published: October 2024

The discriminability of the IQI in the film radiography is affected by the observation circumstance and the luminance of film viewer. ISO17636-2 states that the images of digital radiograph shall be examined in a dimmed room. However, it does not describe requirements for the observation environment in digital radiography, despite the fact that the environment is similar to that of a normal professional PC and the display of the images can be easily adjusted. In this report, the influence of the observation environment in digital radiography was compared as the parameters the wire diameter and the WL value of a display adjustment value when the minimum wire diameter of the image quality indicator (IQI) was percepted, using images of welded steel at t25mm and t50mm. For welded steel of t25mm, differences due to SNRN values and differences due to the observation environment of light and dark room were compared. For t50mm, differences due to the presence or absence of the observation mask for the single wire of wire IQI which is places in front of the display, differences due to the resolution and brightness of the PC monitor, and differences when the WL was adjusted arbitrarily or fixed were compared. For the Digital Radiographic testing (RT-D), the basic spatial resolutions (SRb) were obtained by measuring the profile and applying of visual observation with the duplex wire type IQI. On the other hand, when observing the image of wire type IQI, the observation ways that one was obtain the perceptible image for all wires and another was to get the perceptible single wire image by using the observation mask for watching each wire were applied. Moreover, the influence of window width (WW) and window level (WL) adjustment on the discrimination of wire-type IQI was examined by quantifying it as WW/WL. As a result, it was confirmed that the discriminality in the dimmed room and the adjustment of WW and WL were effective. In addition, using the observation a mask showed that the perception of the adjacent wire image affected observer cognition in IQI discrimination during image observation. When using viewer software profiling, SRb measurements were not affected by the observation environment, but the visual observation was affected by the environment, and when observing images in the dimmed room with RT-D, it was found that adjusting WW and WL had a greater effect on discrimination for images with low SNRN and low contrast.
The Strategic Place of Philosophy in Education for National Development
Authors: Akinnawonu Benson M.
Published: October 2024

There is no gainsaying the fact that the consciousness of people in any society determines their existence. Such consciousness is greatly affected by the quality of education and human capital development. The consequence of poor educational foundation, therefore, portends danger for the development of such a society. This paper examined the absence of ethical, creative and critical thinking skills at pre-tertiary level of education in Nigeria and showed that this has been responsible for the skewed behaviours of youths who are regarded as future leaders. The method of critical and conceptual analysis was employed while the review of existing literatures provided the background to the discussion. The paper called for the introduction of the teaching of ethical, critical and creative thinking of the type provided by philosophy at the pre-tertiary level of education (primary and secondary) in Nigeria.
Pengaruh Sistim Penyimpanan dan Lama Penyimpanan Terhadap Mutu Fisik Tomat (solanum lycopersicum)
Authors: Breemer Rachel , Pattiruhu Gysberth
Published: October 2024

Tomat merupakan salah satu tanaman yang dapat tumbuh di daerah dataran tinggi maupun dataran rendah dan memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh sistim penyimpanan dan lama penyimpanan terhadap mutu fisik tomat (Solanum lycopersicum). Mutu fisik tomat yang diamati mencakup susut bobot, kekerasan dan warna. Penelitian ini menggunakan kemasan stretch film, dan stretch film yang dimodifikasi dengan penambahan gas O2 6% dan CO2 8%, dan tanpa kemasan denga lama penyimpanan selama 4, 8, 12, 16, dan 20 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemasan yang telah dimodifikasi dapat mempertahankan mutu tomat segar selama 20 hari dengan peningkatan susut bobot sebesar 2,38%, tingkat kekerasan sebesar 0,85 kg/cm dan perubahan warna sebesar 16,46.
Penggunaan Media Video dan Games Wordwall untuk Meningkatkan Keaktifan Siswa Kelas 8 pada Materi Kitab-kitab Allah
Authors: Sari Putri Anggalia Puspita , Saputri Nadia , Rafiq Muhammad Ainur , Aziz Abdul
Published: October 2024

This research departs from the lack of student activity in learning Islamic religious education. Because the lack of use of media in learning makes learning tend to be more boring and monotonous for students. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to develop interesting learning media that must be prepared according to the needs of students. The purpose of this research is to determine the development and feasibility of learning media, video media, and wordwall games on the material of believing in the books of Allah in grade VIII SMP NU Palangkaraya.This research is a research and development of Research and Development (R&D) which refers to the ADDIE development model which consists of five stages which include analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The subjects of this study are media expert validators and material expert validators, using field trials applied to grade VIII students of SMP NU Palangkaraya.The results of this study are that video-based learning media products and wordwall games have been produced with assessments from material experts and media experts by material validators obtaining "decent" results to be tested, while validation from media experts has obtained "decent" results to be tested. Based on the explanation, it can be concluded that video-based learning media and wordwall games are suitable for learning students in grade VIII SMP NU Palangkaraya.
Organizational improvement of Nigerian Catholic Chaplaincy in Central Ohio : towards effective collaboration for rural and community development in Nigeria - ethical considerations
Authors: Ike Hilary C.
Published: October 2024

The book is based on a qualitative study of faith-based organizations as agents of ethical community development. This thesis proposes ways to improve diaspora faith-based organizations for ethical and effective collaboration, particularly with mainstream agencies in social services delivery. The thesis also focuses on the values, which need to be sustained by diaspora faith-based organizations to achieve collaboration.
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence in Supply Chain Execution in E-commerce
Authors: Kumawat Priyank
Published: October 2024

Modern perspective of consumer satisfaction has changed due to the proliferation of online businesses. E-commerce has opened up a whole new world to the consumers. The consumers can now get what they want, when they want, delivered at their doorstep. While the ease of online shopping has increased consumerism and consumer demand, it poses significant challenges for the e-commerce players as the consumers are seldom willing to shell out money for availing the convenience of doorstep deliveries. Under such circumstances, the e-commerce players are left with little choices but to significantly enhance their supply chain efficiencies through the improvement of logistics and the delivery services they offer to their customers. Artificial Intelligence or AI, as it is popularly known, is altering the ways and means of these e-commerce businesses. It is changing the manner in which supply chains are managed. Through the use of smart algorithms, data analysis, and automation, it is possible for businesses to employ AI effectively for the optimization of their supply chain management involving inventory and logistics management, demand forecasting, and customer service. This article focuses on logistics management and the application of AI to optimize costs and efficiency in first mile, middle mile and last mile delivery.
Using 3rd -Party Logistics Services OR Developing Own Capability to Cater to ECommerce Demands - A comparative Analysis
Authors: Kumawat Priyank
Published: October 2024

Ecommerce is an inseparable part of modern global lifestyle, connecting people across international borders and enabling sellers to access global. Despite growing massively over the last couple of decades, its growth is far from over. In fact, the pandemic has acted as an accelerator and the growth momentum is continuing despite people returning to the conventional brick and mortar shops. Ecommerce innovations are constantly being rehashed and improved – especially after the global pandemic this transition is now innovating at a much faster pace. For responding to the ever-increasing demand for swifter yet efficient fulfillment of customer order along with timely shipment, a larger number of e- commerce businesses are turning towards third-party logistics or 3PL providers. While it offers them the freedom from the hassles of storing and delivering finished products to the end-users, the human resource that is therefore freed, can then focus on core competencies of the business thus allowing them to give attention to product development, innovation along with marketing and sales. There is always the risk of poor fulfillment and delayed shipments or goods getting damaged in transit which deteriorates customer satisfaction and company profitability. This article compares the use of third-party logistics (3PL) against building in-house capabilities and highlights the virtue of careful selection and employment of experienced 3PL in helping an enterprise ride the anticipated growth wave by offering cost advantages and flexibility.
Bridging the Skills Gap Through Education Supply Chain to Meet Industry Requirements
Authors: Chowdhury Rashed , Habib Md. Mamun
Published: October 2024

In Bangladesh, a persistent mismatch exists between the skills fresh graduates possess and the competencies demanded by employers. This gap affects graduate employability and hampers economic growth. This article explores how key components— Program Curriculum Development (PCD), Instructor Portfolio Management (IPM), University Culture and Networking Platform (UCN), and University Facilities (UF)—can collectively address this issue. By integrating these elements into the educational supply chain, universities can produce skilled graduates who are better equipped to meet industry needs. The proposed framework offers a comprehensive approach to align academic outputs with labor market demands. The study highlights the importance of adapting curricula, engaging industry professionals in teaching, fostering strong university-industry connections, and investing in modern facilities to close the skills gap. This holistic approach ensures that graduates are employable, contributing to national development and societal betterment. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for further research on technological advancements and policy reforms to enhance higher education in Bangladesh.
The Impact of CRM Systems on Customer Satisfaction and Retention
Authors:   Commerce Shri V. R. Patel College of Commerce, Mehsana, Prajapat Shaileshkumar Babulal
Published: October 2024

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems have become essential tools for businesses aiming to enhance customer satisfaction and retention. This research investigates the impact of CRM systems on these critical business outcomes by analyzing data from various companies that have implemented CRM solutions. The study explores how CRM systems facilitate improved customer interactions, personalized services, and efficient problem resolution. Our findings indicate that businesses utilizing CRM systems experience significant improvements in customer satisfaction and retention rates. The research also highlights key factors that contribute to the successful implementation and utilization of CRM systems, including employee training, data quality, and technological integration. These insights provide valuable guidance for organizations seeking to leverage CRM systems to foster stronger customer relationships and achieve sustainable growth.
Unique Small Birds With Long Beaks (Pictures & Facts)
Authors: Frey Erzsebet
Published: October 2024

Prepare to be captivated by the enchanting world of unique small birds with long beaks, where each picture and fact will leave you eager for more.
The Top 10 Hairiest Animals
Authors: Frey Erzsebet
Published: October 2024

Are you ready to dive into the wild and woolly world of the hairiest creatures? Brace yourself for a hairy adventure as we unveil the top 10 hairiest animals. From the Poitou Donkey with its curly and wavy mane, to the Musk Ox equipped with a thick and shaggy coat, these creatures are truly a sight to behold. And let’s not forget the Spotted Apatelodes Caterpillar, transforming into a vibrant beauty as it grows.
Jane Goodall at 90 and the Chimpanzees Who Started It All
Authors: Frey Erzsebet
Published: October 2024

Journey with Dr. Jane Goodall as she reflects on her groundbreaking chimpanzee research and the uncertain future of these majestic creatures.
10 Best Environmental Science Textbooks
Authors: Frey Erzsebet
Published: October 2024

Gain a deeper understanding of the natural world with these top-rated environmental science textbooks, tailored to your learning style and goals.
Conservation Strategies for Endangered Species Habitats
Authors: Frey Erzsebet
Published: October 2024

Targeting ecological integrity, explore the nuanced conservation strategies vital for protecting vulnerable species and their habitats.
Stay Hydrated on the Go: 10 Best Water Purification Systems for Outdoor Adventures
Authors: Frey Erzsebet
Published: October 2024

Discover the top water purification systems for outdoor enthusiasts, and stay hydrated on your next adventure with clean drinking water anywhere.
The 11 Most Fin-tastic Graduation Gifts for Marine Biologists
Authors: Frey Erzsebet
Published: October 2024

Inspire your marine biologist graduate with a thoughtful gift that celebrates their passion for the ocean and its incredible creatures.
How Much Weight Can An Eagle Carry?
Authors: Frey Erzsebet
Published: October 2024

Curious about the impressive lifting capacity of eagles? Ever wondered how much weight these majestic birds can carry? In this article, we’ll explore the fascinating world of eagle lifting capacity and uncover the factors that contribute to their remarkable strength.
Animals With Long Tongues
Authors: Frey Erzsebet
Published: October 2024

Did you know that there is a fascinating world of animals with long tongues that you may not be aware of? From the graceful Giraffe to the elusive Tube-lipped Nectar Bat, these creatures have evolved remarkable adaptations to suit their specialized needs. In this article, we will take a closer look at the incredible diversity of animals with long tongues and explore the various purposes they serve.
Management Strategies for Preserving Biodiversity in National Parks
Authors: Frey Erzsebet
Published: October 2024

Bold conservation strategies are crucial to protect fragile ecosystems, but what cutting-edge approaches can ensure the long-term survival of national park biodiversity?
Latest research articles about leopards
Authors: Frey Erzsebet
Published: October 2024

Latest research articles about leopards:

Molecular Study on the Prevalence of Canine Distemper Virus Infection in Road-Killed Jackals (Canis aureus) in Golestan Province (Gorgan)

Summary

: This study includes data relevant to endangered species such as the Persian leopard.
Top 10 Most Beautiful and Majestic Animals (With Pictures)
Authors: Frey Erzsebet
Published: October 2024

Embark on a mesmerizing journey through the Top 10 Most Beautiful and Majestic Animals, each captivating creature will leave you in awe.
Snakes That Eat Fish
Authors: Frey Erzsebet
Published: October 2024

Are you fascinated by the diverse diet of snakes? If so, you’ll be intrigued to learn about the incredible variety of snakes that have a particular taste for fish. In this article, you’ll explore the fascinating world of snakes that consider fish their preferred meal.
Stunning Blue and Yellow Birds (With Pictures)
Authors: Frey Erzsebet
Published: October 2024

Immerse yourself in the world of stunning blue and yellow birds, from vibrant macaws to melodious warblers, and uncover their mesmerizing beauty.
African Animals With Horns and Antlers
Authors: Frey Erzsebet
Published: October 2024

Are you ready to embark on a journey through the diverse and majestic world of African animals with horns and antlers? Look no further! This ultimate guide will take you on an adventure like no other, delving into the fascinating adaptations and behaviors of these incredible creatures. From the graceful gazelles to the powerful cape buffalo, each species possesses its own unique set of horns, serving a variety of purposes.
Animals With Big Foreheads
Authors: Frey Erzsebet
Published: October 2024

Welcome to simplyecologist.com , your source for scientific analysis and information on the fascinating world of animals with big foreheads. In this article, we will explore the intriguing adaptations and purposes behind the unique and prominent foreheads found in different animal species. From pandas to beluga whales, we will delve into the evolutionary significance and functional advantages of these distinctive features.
Paleontologists Reveal Secret Force Behind Early Evolution
Authors: Frey Erzsebet
Published: October 2024

Pioneering research uncovers the mysterious power behind the rapid evolution of complex life on Earth, but what triggered this ancient phenomenon?
Are Sloths Dangerous? Do Sloths Attack Humans?
Authors: Frey Erzsebet
Published: October 2024

Mystery shrouds the truth about sloths' potential danger to humans, leading to surprising revelations ahead.
White Flamingos: All You Need to Know (Pictures & Facts)
Authors: Frey Erzsebet
Published: October 2024

Wander into the captivating world of white flamingos, where secrets of their stunning coloration await to be unveiled.
Why Would A Goose Be Alone?
Authors: Frey Erzsebet
Published: October 2024

Have you ever wondered why you sometimes see a lone goose wandering around? It’s a curious sight, isn’t it? Geese are known for their strong social bonds and tight-knit flocks, so what could cause a goose to be alone? In this article, we will delve into the reasons behind a goose being solitary and explore the emotional impact it can have on these intelligent birds.
Accelerated Detection of Foodborne Pathogens and Toxins: Techniques and Applications – A Review
Authors: Yordanova R. , Stoeva D. , Gencheva D. , Andonova A. , Beev G.
Published: October 2024

Pathogens associated with food and their corresponding toxins, including mycotoxins, pose a sig¬nificant threat to public health, leading to various health issues worldwide, particularly affecting infants, young children, and the elderly. The rise in foodborne illnesses highlights the crucial importance of food safety in ensuring a reliable food supply and promoting health. Timely detection of foodborne pathogens, toxins, and mycotoxins is essential for reducing the incidence of foodborne diseases. This review aims to provide comprehensive insights into the methodology for rapid detection, detailing the principles, appli¬cations, advantages, and limitations to enhance current knowledge. Conventional culture-based methods for foodborne pathogen identification are selective and are hindered by significant time demands, labor intensity, challenges from complex sample preparation, delayed results, and the need for specialized per¬sonnel. In contrast, the new emerging detection techniques such as immunological, nucleic acid-based, and biosensor-based methods offer time efficiency, reduced labor, improved accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and reliability, and are user-friendly. Recently, numerous novel techniques have been developed for the rapid identification of foodborne pathogens, toxins, and mycotoxins, transforming food safety practices. Providing rapid and accurate results is crucial for controlling and managing foodborne disease outbreaks while ensuring food safety. As the global food supply chain becomes more complex, advancing rapid and automated detection methods remains essential for safeguarding food safety and quality, as well as enhanc¬ing public health.
Sequence-Based Analysis of Tyrosinase-Producing Bacteria for Rapid Identification, Differentiation, and Comparison
Authors: Maske V.B. , Sarode S.C. , Rekadwad B.N.
Published: October 2024

The present research provides a comprehensive protocol for systematically creating digital data on tyrosinase-producing bacteria isolated from soil. Three tyrosinase-producing bacteria were isolated and identified using the 16S rRNA sequencing method. 16S rRNA sequences were used to generate the Quick Response (QR) codes, Chaos Game Representation (CGR), Chaos Game Representation (FCGR) of Fre¬quency, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). These QR codes, CGR, FCGR, and PCA, are unique for each strain and allow distinction between those cells isolated from the natural environment. The QR codes, neighbor-joining plot, CGR, FCGR, and PCA of tyrosinase producers were created by us in-house to ena¬ble us to compare similar bacterial taxa. The generated digital data acts as an additional confirmatory tool to evaluate and compare any tyrosinase-producing bacteria. This helps to support existing identification, differentiation, and evaluation and reduces time and cost for the comparison of sequence patterns.
Antibacterial Properties of Plant Extracts against the Pathogen of Rosaceae Plants Erwinia amylovora
Authors: Stoyanova M. , Valkova M. , Mihova T.
Published: October 2024

Erwinia amylovora is a devastating pathogen of plants of the family Rosaceae causing blight on the leaves, shoots, and flowers. Orchard trees suffer the most, however, other plants, like roses, strawberries, raspberries, and hawthorn, can also be affected. Due to the extreme use of chemicals for plant protection, alternatives like plant extracts have been studied recently. Some of the research shows a good potential to control plant diseases, however, only a symbolic number of plant species have been tested, and also, on a restricted number of pathogens. The information on the activity of plant extracts against E. amylovora is scarce. In this study, we prepared plant extracts from fifteen plant species and tested them against the plant pathogenic bacteria E. amylovora. The products were prepared by Soxhlet extraction with methanol and the following concentration according to an established procedure. The finished products were diluted and tested for antibacterial activity in different concentrations in vitro against seven reference strains of E. am¬ylovora, isolated from different hosts, such as pear, apple, quince, aronia, hawthorn, strawberry, and musk strawberry. Extracts from the roots of Geranium macrorrhizum and fruits of Chaenomeles sp. genotypes showed promising potentialities for further experiments on the control of E. amylovora.
Statistical Optimization of Lipase Production by Aspergillus oryzae Using Olive Mill Wastewater
Authors: El Okki A.A.K-E.H. , Djekrif–Dakhmouche S. , Bennamoun L. , El Okki M.E.H. , Labani F.Z.K.
Published: October 2024

Among different sources of lipases, fungal lipases are hydrolytic enzymes owing much importance in industrial applications. However, the high production cost limits the industrial application of lipases. To address this issue, we have attempted to optimize lipase production by Aspergillus oryzae on olive mill wastewater (OMW) based medium. Media optimization is considered one of the best ways to economically produce a large quantity of lipase. The medium components were optimized by a statistical approach for optimal lipase production. The Plackett–Burman design was applied to identify the significant factors and response surface methodology to optimize medium components. The enzyme activity was highest under the following conditions: 3.49 g.L-1 glucose, 5.58 g.L-1 yeast extract and 0.72 g.L-1 CaCl2. A feasibility analysis of lipase production using the optimized data was performed, and at optimized conditions, lipase activity increased from 110.21 U.mL-1 to 212.53 U.mL-1, or an increase of 1.93 times.
Microbiological Analysis of Laryngeal and Oral Swab Samples from Captive-Bred Snakes with Respiratory Tract Infections in Bulgaria
Authors: Ruzhanova-Gospodinova I. , Mustafa S. , Popova T.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the most often isolated bacteria in the oral cavity and glottis in captive-bred pet snakes with respiratory tract infections (RTI) from the Boidae and Pythonidae families in Bulgaria. Swab samples from 29 snakes with clinically presented respiratory disease symptoms were collected. Cultures in different selective and differentiating media were prepared. Bacteria of various groups were isolated such as Pantoea agglomerans, Kluyvera intermedia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and others, as well as some fungi, mainly Aspergillus sp.
Diagnostic Challenges and Management of Non-Odontogenic Toothache: A Case of Unilateral Pansinusitis Mimicking Dental Pain
Authors: Tsitou V-M. , Rallis D. , Gergova R.
Published: October 2024

This case report details the diagnostic challenge and subsequent management of a 38-year-old male patient who presented with severe, sharp, and non-localized pain in the right maxillary distal area. Initial¬ly unresponsive to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics, the patient’s symptoms deviat¬ed from typical odontogenic pain characteristics. Comprehensive dental examinations revealed minimal pathologies, challenging initial assumptions of dental-origin pain. Advanced diagnostic imaging, including Orthopantomography and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), was pivotal in identifying unilat¬eral pansinusitis, with notable obstruction in the maxillary, ethmoid, and frontal sinuses. Further microbi¬ological analysis confirmed a Staphylococcus aureus and anaerobic infection, refocusing the diagnosis to a non-odontogenic source. The patient underwent a targeted 14-day complex antibiotic regimen, supple¬mented with local treatments including Nasonex nasal spray and saline nasal irrigations. This integrative approach resulted in marked symptom improvement and was instrumental in the patient’s recovery. This case highlights the critical need for thorough evaluation in distinguishing between odontogenic and non-od¬ontogenic sources of orofacial pain, ensuring accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
Transfer Pricing End-of-Year Adjustments in France
Authors: Gibert B.
Published: October 2024

Though there are no specific provisions on year-end adjustments in French law and regulations, the application of the general transfer rules and a rather well-established practice are reasons to allow, and even recommend, to perform such adjustments where TNMM methods are applied. This article indicates how to properly perform and document such adjustments.
Microhardness and Microstructural Evolution of Additive Manufactured GRCop-42 by Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Thangamani Geethapriyan , Vanzetti Matteo , Felicioni Stefano , Köll Anna , Padovano Elisa , Bondioli Federica
Published: October 2024

GRCop-42 samples were additively manufactured by varying the electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF) process parameters in a volumetric energy density (VED) range from 112.9 – 213.3 J/mm3: laser scan speed was varied from 450–850 mm/s, while voltage, power, line-offset and layer thickness were fixed parameters, to study their influence on the density, melt pool structure, and microstructure. Under the optimal conditions, the microhardness of the GRCop-42 samples achieved the highest value of 112.5 ± 6.3 HV. In addition, the microstructural evolution as a function of VED variation on additive manufactured GRCop-42 samples was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction. From the microstructure observation, Cr2Nb precipitates, formed in the alloy during the printing process, reinforce the Cu matrix by preventing dislocation motion and impeding grain development.
Comparative Study Of FAST And Conventional Sintering Of Cutting Tool Material
Authors: Rajaei Hossein , Molinari Alberto , Agote Iñigo , Lagos Miguel Ángel , Ferrari Daniele , Dai Pré Marta
Published: October 2024

This study explores the effectiveness of Field Assisted Sintering Technology (FAST) in producing cutting tools using a Bronze 90/10, Co, Fe, and W powder mix in granulated and non-granulated conditions. The goal is to evaluate and demonstrate FAST efficiency by comparing results obtained on the same system using a conventional sintering approach. For the characterization of the samples, a Rietveld refinement XRD patterns combined with microstructural analysis, based on SEM and EDXS, was considered. The study revealed that the sintering process significantly influenced microstructural characteristics. The FAST process, known for rapid heating and short sintering periods, maintained a consistent ratio of starting phases, unlike conventional sintering prone to reactions, diffusion, and intermetallic compound formation. Conventional sintering resulted in cobalt polymorphs also exhibited a lattice expansion with respect to the starting powder, resulting mainly from the atomic rearrangement during prolonged sintering process. FAST samples showed a lower volume change, due to short sintering time.
Influence Of Feedstock Formulation On Steel Processability By Extrusion Based Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Etiemble Aurélien , Simon Sandra , Rigollet Claire
Published: October 2024

Material extrusion additive manufacturing (EAM) offers a versatile range of applications for various metallic materials. In indirect processes, a mixture of metal powder and a polymer binder is extruded and deposited to shape the layers of the part, analogous to traditional polymer 3D printing. Subsequently, debinding and sintering steps are indispensable to achieve the final metallic component. Each of these stages may induce impurities and defects, significantly impacting geometric tolerances and mechanical properties. These defects such as warpage, shrinkage, porosity, residual carbon, and undesired phases result from complex mechanisms, due to insufficient or heterogeneous loading of feedstock, thermomechanical distortion during printing, partial debinding and inefficient sintering. This presentation will delve into these challenges, mechanisms, and EAM optimization strategies in the case of stainless and tool steels. The influence of feedstock formulation and associated process parameters on defects, microstructure, and resulting mechanical properties will be discussed.
Heat Treatment Development On LPBF 3D M300 Alloy Printed Samples To Improve Mechanical Properties
Authors: El Sayed Yasin M. , Colaneri Alessandro , Lionetti Stefano , Fransesini Leonardo , Guerrera Chiara , Tassa Oriana
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this work was to develop a heat treatment to be performed on Additive Manufacturing (AM) 3D printed samples made of M300 steel to improve their mechanical properties, tailoring the as-built microstructure with the minimization of material defects like voids, porosity, micro-cracks, and variations in material structure. Different solution and ageing heat treatments were performed on samples printed via the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technique, testing different durations, temperatures, and trends in the heating and cooling phases. The samples were microscopically analysed and mechanically tested with tensile tests and hardness (HV10). The results were compared with as-is samples showing improved mechanical properties, meaning an effective heat treatment was applied.
Effect Of The Powder Size Distribution On The Lithography-Based Metal Manufacturing Process
Authors: Cano Cano Santiago , Bosters Johannes , Sperling Clemens , Mödder Denise , Stögerer Johannes , Harakály György
Published: October 2024

Lithography-based Metal Manufacturing (LMM) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technology that delivers components with high feature resolution and surface quality. By utilizing common Metal Injection Molding grade powders (d90 <25 µm) in the process, a surface roughness of Ra < 2 µm can be achieved, with stable geometric features down to 100 µm. Although these as-printed component parameters surpass those of other metal AM technologies, some applications demand lower surface roughness. \n To enhance part quality, one approach is the introduction metal powders with smaller size distribution. This not only improves the surface roughness, but also augment the sintering process by facilitating better powder packing. In pursuit of this objective, steel alloys of 316L and 17-4PH with varying size distribution have been analysed, with a specific focus on their processability in the LMM technology and their effectiveness in raising the quality of the components.
FAST/SPS: New Industrial Post-Process for Full Densification of 3D Complex Shape from Sinter Based Additive Manufacturing Technologies
Authors: Fregeac Arnaud , Hurtault Méyane , Larignon Céline , Beynet Yannick , Epherre Romain
Published: October 2024

Sinter Based Additive Manufacturing (SBAM) processes are receiving much attention as an alternative to LPBF processes for the rapid production of metal and ceramic components with reduced cost and environmental impact. On the other hand, the sintering step is sometimes difficult to perform for green parts from SBAM process resulting in high residual porosity. This paper proposes a versatile alternative with FAST/SPS hybridisation. The FAST/SPS process is recognised as an R&D method capable of producing high performance parts from a wide range of materials. In recent years, significant progress has been made in overcoming the two main limitations of the technology: production capacity and geometric constraints. An important industrial breakthrough is presented here, with the development of a unique hybrid process that enables the consolidation of 3D SBAM parts by FAST/SPS. It allows green parts to be fully densified (porosity <1%) immediately after printing in a single step and with less than 2 hours of thermal treatment.