bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning Islamic Religious Education for Children with Special Needs at the Early Childhood Education Level
Authors: Djllong Andi Fitriani , Ridani Ahmad , Sadiq Jafar , Manoppo Yance , Mohammad Wily
Published: January 2024

Background. In essence, humans are the most perfect creatures among other creatures. Humans are created with a brain but they are given limitations in intelligence. Exceptional children today are better known as children with special needs. PAI learning for children with special needs requires professional educators.
Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine how the implementation of PAI learning for children with special needs at the PAUD level.
Method. This research uses qualitative methods in order to find out reliable data research through surveys and in-depth interviews.
Results But there are also obstacles such as the lack of professionalism of an educator in providing learning and still inadequate PAI learning books.
Conclusion. It can be concluded that PAI learning for children with special needs at the PAUD level has gone well but still needs improvement and also the attention of the Ministry of Religion to provide PAI learning books.
Instilling Character Education Through Habituation at School with the Help of Parents
Authors: Sutrisno Sutrisno , Isrohmawati Isrohmawati , Munif Emi Bahrul , Jemmy Jemmy , Wahab Abdul
Published: January 2024

Background. Islamic education is a process to provide and gain knowledge that occurs between students and educators to carry out the learning process in an Islamic perspective, explained how the concept of instilling character education through habituation in schools with the help of parents. It can be seen that the character of today's students has not developed well. Here the role of educators and parents is to apply good habituation so that it has a good impact on students.
Purpose. From This study aims to determine the character and habituation of a student and improve the student to have good morals.
Method. This research uses quantitative methods with field survey models. Then researchers also conducted in-depth interviews with teachers and students directly.
Results The results of this study explain that the role of instilling student character education through habituation in schools with the help of parents is very important in today's education.  
Conclusion. Conclusion There are many models of habituation models in effective and creative ways to improve the character of a student. The limitations of this study researchers have not found many ways to instill good character so that it is quickly accepted by students, researchers hope that the next researcher can instill good character and easily accepted by students, so that students can improve maximum learning outcomes.
Efficiency of Learning Methods in Building the Character of Madrasah Aliyah Students
Authors: Hartono Natalia Rumanti , Muharam Suhari , Abdullah Dahlan , Mohammad Wily , Wahab Abdul
Published: January 2024

Background. One of the common causes is attitude, a complex problem experienced by students at the Aliyah level causing less serious learning. Behavior will have a special impact on the social aspects of life. So it takes more effort for a teacher to prevent and anticipate unwanted things from happening.
Purpose. The purpose of this study, to how the application of overcoming the attitude of Madrasah Aliyah students in interacting both with each other and with other educators, through the Efficiency of Learning Methods.
Method. This research uses quantitative methods by using surveys and in-depth interviews with educators. The results of this study are educators looking for a middle point on how to build the character of Aliyah students through the Efficiency of Learning Methods.
Results The conclusion of this research is that educators can take advantage of providing material that is already in the syllabus for learning to make student character can be formed.
Conclusion. Therefore, the limitation of this study is that researchers cannot present valid behavioral data for each Aliyah student. It is hoped that future researchers can present an in-depth look at the behavioral problems that exist in Aliyah students.
Utilization of Facebook as an Online Platform-Based Learning Media
Authors: Muhammadiah Mas'ud , Hamsiah Andi , Fatmayati Fryda , Utami Yustina Retno Wahyu , Prabowo Iwan Ady
Published: January 2024

Background. This study examines the character formation of Muslim children through indigenous education at Floor IT Elementary School, Batusangkar, Tanah Datar Regency. The problem lies in the character formation of Muslim children.
Purpose. From this problem, the question arises about the condition of the students' character and what efforts the teacher has made to shape the students' character at the Sekolah IT Floor Batu. This research is field research because the researcher directly visited the research subjects.
Method. Data was obtained through direct observation and interviews with teachers at the school. After the data is collected, it is then processed by classifying the data and making notes about the results of observations and interviews.
Results Next, the data is narrated descriptively. The research results are discussed using theories which are also supported by the arguments of the Koran and Hadith as well as several applicable government regulations. This research found an important understanding that Indigenous education is an educational method that is based on customs or customs that develop in society. Children's characters emerge due to the influence of the customs of the place where they live.
Conclusion. To prevent the emergence of bad characters, teachers gather their students in one environment, so that teachers can accustom children to behave well. In this way, teachers can shape the character of Muslim children and familiarize children with behaving according to the character of Muslim children
The appearance of amyloplasts as one of the features distinguishing the initial stages of the development of isolated endosperm in kiwiberry
Authors: Sala-Cholewa Katarzyna , Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno Małgorzata , Malec Joanna , Trościński Jan Kanty , Abdullah Mohib , Czernicka Małgorzata , Popielarska-Konieczna Marzena
Published: January 2024

The potency of plant cells’ reaction to dedifferentiation and then proliferation corresponds with cell reorganization. The details of cell modifications may rely on the fate of the cells. In this study, the characteristics of an endosperm and specific storage tissue under organogenic and non-organogenic development pathways were analyzed. The experimental system was based on isolated endosperm explants (with the seed coat and embryo removed) of kiwiberry cv. Bingo, placed on organogenic (OCIM) and non-organogenic (NOCIM) callus induction media that differed in the type and concentration of plant growth regulators. Histological and ultrastructural analyses of freshly isolated endosperm and explants afer selected periods of the culture were performed using stereoscopic, bright field, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The dedifferentiation for both pathways– organogenic and non-organogenic – was similar at the morphological level for the first week of the culture. The histological and ultrastructural analyses revealed limited amyloplasts in the cells on OCIM. e organization of proliferated tissue differed significantly from two weeks of the culture: it was more compact for OCIM and looser for NOCIM. Additionally, at this period, there were more amyloplasts with starch granules in dedifferentiated cells on OCIM. The limited starch granules in proliferated cells on NOCIM were observed only afer four weeks of the culture. The presence of plastids with starch granules depends on the competence of endosperm-derived callus in kiwiberry to organogenic processes and can be an early marker of callus destination.
Felicidade traz dinheiro? Uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre a economia da felicidade
Authors: El Khatib Ahmed Sameer
Published: January 2024

A mais antiga referência da filosofia sobre o termo felicidade é derivada do filósofo grego Tales de Mileto, que designa felicidade como ter um corpo saudável, uma alma com boa formação e ser um indivíduo de sorte. Já para Sócrates, a felicidade não possui uma conexão tão direta com o corpo, a maior importância é dada a estar bem com a alma, propiciado por uma conduta adequada e virtuosa. Para Kant, a felicidade está ligada com os desejos e prazeres, não constitui parte de uma investigação filosófica. Nas últimas décadas que os estudos que envolvem felicidade na Economia se estabelecem de fato como temática alternativa. A explicação para isto encontra-se no progresso material alcançado pelo mundo e pelos questionamentos de alguns economistas da validade de indicadores estritamente econômicos, como o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB), para representar a satisfação com a vida dos cidadãos de um país. Dessa forma, o objetivo principal deste é contribuir para o corpo de conhecimento existente, consolidando as descobertas da literatura sobre Economia da Felicidade; agrupando-as em temas e subtemas principais; descrevendo os mecanismos com base nos artigos empíricos precedentes, destacando as variáveis ​​independentes, dependentes, de controle e moderadoras, para estudar as relações causais entre as variáveis ​​em estudo; propondo uma agenda para pesquisas futuras; e informar os legisladores sobre as decisões que influenciam o nível de felicidade humana por meio de regras e regulamentos legislativos. Nossos resultados sugerem priorizar a conceituação de felicidade enquanto computa o nível de felicidade nos níveis individual ou coletivo. Além disso, o estudo recomenda que os governos estabeleçam as condições que permitam aos indivíduos relatar a felicidade independentemente da pressão política para responder estrategicamente por números impressionantes de nível de felicidade no nível macro.
Associação do risco de desenvolvimento de trombose venosa e o uso de anticoncepcionais: revisão de literatura
Authors: Lucas Mel Junqueira Aguiar Leitão , Bernardi Ludmila Vittoraci , Marianelli Yasmin Ramos , Scottá Myllena Victoria Zucolotto , De Souza Luisa Valladares , Paulo Marcela Souza Luma
Published: January 2024

Introdução: A Trombose Venosa (TV) é comum em mulheres, e o uso contínuo de anticoncepcionais hormonais aumenta em 5 vezes sua incidência. Objetivo: Identificar as principais relações entre anticoncepcionais e TV. Método: Nesta revisão bibliográfica, pesquisou-se no Pubmed e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) por (Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal) AND (trombose), e ((estrogen) AND (venous thrombosis)) AND (contraceptives). Incluídos artigos originais (2017-2022), texto completo disponível em português, inglês e espanhol, resultando em seis artigos. Resultados: Estudos validaram influência de Contraceptivos Orais Combinados (COC) no risco de TV. O grau dessa influência varia conforme tipo de anticoncepcional e idade. Hormônios nos contraceptivos não afetam os olhos como outras partes acometidas por TV. Pesquisas também revelam que estrogênio em anticoncepcionais não causa induz independentemente a hipercoagulabilidade; isso depende da elevação da proteína Transferrina. COC não é único fator de risco para TV; idade, índice de massa corporal, histórico familiar, tabagismo e fatores genéticos também influenciam, tornando informações clínicas insuficientes para médicos possam prognosticar a suscetibilidade à TV. Conclusão: Principais relações entre COC e TV associam-se a fatores genéticos e ambientais, destacando tipo de anticoncepcional, idade, mutações envolvendo fator V Leiden e expressão da proteína Transferrina.
Benefícios das intervenções musicais para pacientes com demência: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Cardoso Karoline Antunes , Da Câmara Kristye Maria Macedo Tavares , Nunes Danielly Martins , Costa Amanda Souza , De Souza Jhonatan Novaes
Published: January 2024

Pacientes com demência (PcD) apresentam níveis de ansiedade e depressão, além dos sintomas neuropsiquiátricos. A busca pelo alívio desses distúrbios e o envelhecimento populacional aumentaram a adesão a tratamentos não farmacológicos. Por isso, este estudo investigou os principais benefícios relacionados a intervenções musicais para PcD, mediante uma revisão de literatura. Após a análise do material selecionado, verificou-se que a musicoterapia (MT) contribui para a neuroplasticidade cerebral, gerando estímulos cognitivos e auxiliando no processo de aprendizagem. Além disso, a MT permite uma abordagem individualizada melhorando a ansiedade, depressão, humor e bem-estar. Melhorias na agitação e angustia de pacientes internados em enfermarias psiquiátricas, também ocorreram após uma intervenção musical. Ao ser aplicada para PcD, a música associada ao canto, gera impactos positivos na afetividade e qualidade de vida, quando comparado a grupos que ouviram músicas passivamente. Ademais, resultados satisfatórios foram identificados em atividades de canto em grupo, indicando que, embora a música pré-gravada possa melhorar os sintomas da demência, a interação social em atividades de grupo pode contribuir nas relações entre os próprios pacientes, cuidadores e familiares. Embora os resultados demonstrem que a música pode ser benéfica, ainda existe a necessidade de estudos que abordem outros tipos de demência e seus estágios.
Cardiomiopatia chagásica: alterações anatômicas e eletrocardiográficas
Authors: Cardozo Nicole Ribeiro , Mattos Larissa da Silveira , Delorme Ana Carolina Savioli , De Menezes Alexandre Ribeiro
Published: January 2024

A Cardiomiopatia Crônica da Doença de Chagas (CCDC) é uma patologia resultante dos danos miocárdicos decorrentes da infecção crônica pelo Trypanosoma cruzi. O diagnóstico da CCDC envolve exame físico sugestivo, quadro clínico, teste ELISA positivo, eletrocardiograma e o ecocardiograma. O tratamento é feito com anti-parasitário e medicamentos que melhoram o desempenho cardíaco. Dessa forma, o objetivo do trabalho é apresentar as alterações anatômicas e eletrocardiográficas encontradas em pacientes portadores de CCDC e suas repercussões orgânicas. O trabalho trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo revisão integrativa da literatura. A partir dos periódicos encontrados em bases de dados, como Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, foram utilizados 13 artigos por se encaixarem nos critérios. Os resultados encontrados foram que há sinais de cardiomiopatia na eletrocardiografia e no ecocardiograma dos pacientes com CCDC, como dilatação das câmaras cardíacas, valvulopatias, aneurismas, arritmias ventriculares, bradicardia grave, fibrilação atrial e bloqueio de ramo esquerdo. O que pode gerar eventos tromboembólicos, alterações irreversíveis e morte súbita cardíaca, configurando um cenário preocupante e desafiador. Por fim, em decorrência das diversas alterações e repercussões encontradas, é imprescindível o estudo destes pacientes, no intuito de avaliar o grau de comprometimento cardiovascular, bem como auxiliar na conduta terapêutica e prognóstico destes pacientes.
Controle ambiental de parasitos entéricos: desafios e tendências
Authors: De Liz Laryssa Vanessa , Martins Carolina Leite , Rosar Amábilli De Souza , Freitas Ana Cláudia Oliveira De , Bastiani Ana Paula , Grisard Edmundo Carlos , Quaresma Patricia Flavia , Stoco Patricia Hermes
Published: January 2024

Diversas espécies de helmintos e protozoários estão ligadas a parasitoses intestinais que impactam milhões de pessoas. No Brasil, destacam-se os parasitos Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, ancilostomídeos, Taenia sp., Schistosoma mansoni, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia e Cryptosporidium sp.. No cenário de saúde única várias dessas espécies assumem papel diferenciado devido à sua natureza zoonótica, aumentando a complexidade e os desafios para o controle. O controle ambiental dessas parasitoses envolve um conjunto de ações e estratégias direcionadas à redução de infecções. As formas infectantes destes parasitos são encontradas em ambiente variados como, água, solo, esgoto e resíduos animais. Este capítulo aborda questões cruciais relacionadas ao controle ambiental dessas espécies, destacando estratégias empregadas no Brasil e internacionalmente, incluindo iniciativas de saneamento básico, educação em saúde, controle de reservatórios e distribuição de medicamentos. Além disso, a conscientização crescente sobre medidas preventivas, como higiene pessoal e consumo de água potável, desempenha papel fundamental na mitigação dessas doenças. Contudo, os desafios enfrentados no controle de parasitos refletem a influência de fatores como mudanças climáticas, rápida urbanização e as migrações, moldando a distribuição geográfica e prevalência das parasitoses entéricas. Isso destaca a necessidade constante de adaptação das estratégias de controle e a promoção de uma saúde única.
Controle de plantas espontâneas mediado pelo uso de bioherbicidas
Authors: Camargo Aline F. , Kubeneck Simone , Nerling Júlia P. , Bieniek Cauê B. , Romani Larissa C. , Mossi Altemir J. , Fongaro Gislaine , Treichel Helen
Published: January 2024

O estabelecimento de metas globais que visam o uso de sistemas de cultivo sustentáveis juntamente com objetivo de proporcionar o bem-estar do meio ambiente, tornou os insumos de base biológica uma alternativa atrativa e bastante procurada nos últimos anos. As plantas espontâneas, também chamadas de plantas daninhas, são consideradas um problema nos sistemas de cultivo, devido à competição com a cultura por nutrientes. Sua presença acarreta elevadas perdas na colheita, além de causar impactos negativos no ecossistema, por serem usados os herbicidas sintéticos em seu controle. Diante disso, os herbicidas de base biológica possibilitam o controle destas plantas, sem que haja consequências negativas ao meio ambiente. O uso de microrganismos, como fungos e bactérias, bem como as enzimas produzidas pelos mesmos, possibilita interações na parede celular das plantas espontâneas controlando-as nos sistemas de cultivo, sem causar impactos negativos aos recursos naturais e à saúde humana. Nesse sentido, este capítulo visa realizar uma revisão abrangente sobre o uso de bioherbicidas, discutindo métodos de obtenção e interação entre bioherbicidas e as plantas alvo, bem como a análise de como esses bioprodutos estão atrelados ao contexto de saúde única.
Feedback Use in Paramedicine
Authors: Foster James , Todd Stacey , Williams Brett
Published: January 2024

Objective: The aim of this scoping review is to determine how feedback is used in paramedicine.
Introduction: Feedback is widely recognised as essential for clinician growth in healthcare however there is limited research on its use within paramedicine. Paramedics place high value on effective feedback and different types and methods are used depending on context.
Methods: Peer-reviewed primary research involving any type of feedback used in paramedicine was included. We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMCARE, SCOPUS and grey literature from inception to March 2023. Two authors independently screened and selected studies for full-text review. One reviewer performed data extraction. This reviewfollowed JBI methodological guidance and PRISMA extension for scoping reviews.
Results: From 413 articles 20 were included in this review (16 quantitative, 3 qualitative and 1 mixed-methods). Feedback is generally given under the themes of professional and personal development, quality improvement, resuscitation and education. Paramedics have a strong desire for feedback to meet personal and professional needs. However, current provisions are inadequate and compounded by existing barriers. Informal routes of feedbackare sought when formal routes are inadequate despite the latter having more weighting. Feedback in resuscitation either in real-time or post-incident positively modifies paramedic behaviour to improve performance. Feedback is used in paramedic services to standardize care as part of quality improvement. Within an education setting feedback as an education tool is well received and improves confidence for future performance.
Conclusion: Paramedics display a positive attitude to receiving feedback to meet personaland professional requirements. Desires for feedback outweigh provisions compounded by existing barriers, potentially creating a paramedic wellbeing issue. Feedback is an effective tool within paramedicine in modifying behaviours either immediately or post-incident to improve clinical performance.
Injuries Associated with Prehospital CPR Provided by Professionals and Non-Professionals in Bangkok EMS
Authors: Victor Chakrapong , Poriswanish Nitikorn
Published: January 2024

Background: This study is to concentrate on adverse outcomes of CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) among different performers that are trained first responders, professional practitioners, and automated devices by exploring types of injuries and comparing between datasets. It is also to find out potential contributing factors for each injury which display statistical significance.

Methods: Forensic autopsy data from a single center covering almost half of Bangkok and her outskirts which were performed during October 2020 to January 2021 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The data were divided into 3 groups, namely, TFR (trained first responder), PP (professional practitioner), and Auto (automated device i.e. LUCAS system). Thoraco-abdominal injuries were recorded including soft tissue, bone and internal viscera. Factors including age, BMI, sternal length (SL) and chest circumference (CC) were categorized in each injury. Statistical comparison between groups and analysis for significant factors were performed.

Results: A total number of 158 cases reported as OHCA with exclusion of thoraco-abdominal injuries were recruited. The most commonly found as a hallmark of CPR injuries are chest wall fractures especially those of ribs (65.7%). Bilateral anterior rib fractures are more common than unilateral. Significantly associated factors to rib fractures are age and BMI. Other injuries are sternal fractures, lung contusions and lacerations, epicardial and subendocardial hemorrhages, cardiac contusions, liver lacerations, and pancreatic and splenic hemorrhages. No statistical difference between injuries generated by trained first responders and professional practitioners. LUCAS devices show higher incidence of injuries than manual CPR.

Conclusion: This study may provide useful information for clinicians to investigate and monitor potential CPR complications as well as for forensic physicians to concern the injuries possibly caused by CPR.
High Pressure Ventilation Injuries from Supraglottic Airway Devices
Authors: Vescuso Jackson , Dunn Michael , Montaño Cayleigh A. , Jeffries Fred , Frakes Michael , Cohen Jason , Wilcox Susan
Published: January 2024

Supraglottic airways (SGAs) can be life-saving devices allowing for oxygenation and ventilation in patients who cannot be intubated. However, these devices also have a risk of high-pressure ventilation injuries, including pneumothoraces, pneumomediastinum, and massive subcutaneous air. We present two cases of patients with high-pressure ventilation injuries after the placement of SGAs in the prehospital setting. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of high-pressure ventilation injuries with SGAs, especially in older patients, those with a higher BMI, those with preexisting airway trauma, and those with high-pressure ventilation requirements.
Assessing Provider Understanding of Interfacility Emergency Medical Services Transport
Authors: Glober Nancy , Lardaro Thomas , Supples Michael , Liao Mark , Vaizer Julia , Faris Gregory , Ostahowski Paige , O'Donnell Daniel , Kao Christopher
Published: January 2024

Background: Interfacility  transfer between hospitals is an integral component of regional healthcare systems. The decisions referring providers make regarding emergency medical services (EMS) level of care and transport modality (ground versus air) can dramatically impact patient care, emergency departments' workflow, hospital length of stay, and EMS resource availability. Limited research has been done to assess understanding of interfacility transport by emergency medicine providers. 

Methods: We developed six patient scenarios to test knowledge of level of care and mode of interfacility transfer. Seven board-certified EMS physicians determined the optimal answer to each patient scenario. We distributed a survey with the scenarios to regional healthcare partners via a database of persons who utilize or interface with interfacility transport services. We collected answers to the patient scenarios and provider characteristics (primary practice site, sex, age, specialty, years since graducation, provider degree, EMS training received). Descriptive statistics were performed and Fisher's exact tests described differences in correct answers as they varied by specialty (emergency medicine or other specialty), provider type (physician or advanced practice provider), and reported training in EMS level of care. 

Results: Seventy-six emergency medicine providers responded, including 68 physicians and 8 advanced practice providers. The mean total score on the case scenarios was 66%, with scores ranging from 33% to 100%. The mean scores on questions testing level of care and transport modality were 67% and 70%, respectively. No significant difference was found in test scores between emergency medicine and other specialties (p=0.718) or provider level of training (p=0.799). Training in EMS level of care was correlated with higher scores on the transport modality questions (p=0.003) but not on the level of care questions (p=0.231).

Conclusion: Variability exists in the knowledge of providers on interfacility transport throughout the state. Emergency medicine providers could benefit from education on interfacility transfer resources.
Correlation Between Shock Index and Mortality in the Prehospital and Level 1 Rural Trauma Center Emergency Department Settings
Authors: Clancy Victoria , Leonard Matthew , Burns Bracken
Published: January 2024

Background: The shock index is a valid tool used to detect impending circulatory collapse in the pre-hospital setting. As validation of the shock index requires high sample sizes, the majority of retrospective studies have been performed at urban level 1 trauma centers. We hypothesized that the shock index would accurately predict mortality in a rural level 1 trauma center.
Objective - Determine if the shock index continues to be a reliable predictive value in trauma patients for morbidity and mortality. 
Setting - This retrospective study was performed at a state-designated level 1 trauma center in Johnson City, Tennessee. Patients were excluded from the study if they were under the age of 18, not immediately transported to the trauma center or if insufficient data was available. The shock index was calculated as heart rate/systolic blood pressure. Both the prehospital and emergency department shock indexes were calculated, with the emergency department vital signs being the first upon arrival. Patients were divided into three categories: SI ≤ 0.7, 0.71-0.89, and ≥ 0.9. We assessed the relationship between SI, blood product usage, and outcome variables using Pearson correlation coefficients and logistic regression. Chi-square analysis was used to show the difference in mortality between the groups.
Results - A higher shock index score after arrival to the emergency department experienced longer hospital, intensive care unit, and mechanical ventilation days, injury severity scores, packed red blood cells, plasma, platelets, and total blood product usage. Mortality was higher in the groups with an SI of ≥ 0.9 at the scene and arrival to the emergency department. 
Conclusion - Patients with a shock index > 0.71-0.89 in both prehospital and emergency departments had higher mortality rates and need for transfusion. The shock index continues to be a reliable predictive value in trauma patients for morbidity and mortality.
Assessing the Feasibility of On-Shift Simulation to Improve Capacity Assessments by EMS Clinicians
Authors: Du Pont Daniel , Bar Jonathan , Baca James , Hunter Krystal , Kuc Alexander , Shah Aman , Carroll Gerard
Published: January 2024

Objective

Determining the decision-making capacity of patients in the prehospital setting is a high-risk area for EMS systems. This risk is only enhanced by the growing prevalence of mental, neurological, and substance use disorders. This study sought to evaluate the feasibility of on-shift simulation as an educational method, in this case to improve EMS clinicians’ ability and confidence in performing capacity assessments. 

Methods

This was a prospective experimental feasibility study performed at an urban, tertiary, academic medical center that operates its own EMS service. All participants were active EMTs or Paramedics. Subjects completed a pretest containing 10 patient scenarios addressing specific components of a complete capacity assessment. For each, participants were asked to decide if the patient had capacity and to rate how confident they were. They then participated in a simulated encounter with a standardized patient, designed to evaluate and teach skills in capacity assessment. A post-scenario debrief and didactic session were conducted. Lastly, subjects took a post-test consisting of the same 10 scenarios and confidence assessments.

Results

22 subjects completed the study. While there was no significant difference between the number of scenarios answered correctly before and after the intervention (9.18 vs 9.27), participants’ confidence scores did significantly increase (87.2 to 95.2, p < 0.001). This increase was driven by scenarios pertaining to mild dementia, pediatrics, and substance use.

Conclusions

Prehospital clinicians were able to correctly assess capacity in a variety of scenarios. A didactic session including a simulated patient encounter led to a significant increase in participants’ confidence in performing capacity assessments. This study revealed specific areas in which clinicians would likely benefit from further education, but further research is needed to ensure generalizability.
Paramedic Workforce Disparities Marked by Geographical Positioning
Authors: Betts Chloe , Stoneley Alannah , Anderson Judith , Sutton Clare
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Effective service delivery and the wellbeing of the paramedic workforce is reliant on confounding factors and is effectuated by geographical positioning. It is important to be aware that there may be several disparities between the rural and urban workforce due to differences in circumstances. However, there is limited literature available examining these. The objective of this review was to investigate where and how these disparities exist to make recommendations in achieving equity in the paramedic workforce and thus achieve patient-centred care universally across rural and urban populations.

Methods: The JBI approach was used to perform a scoping review to assess the availability of literature. Key words including paramedic*, EMT, urban OR metro*, rural OR remote and disparit* were inserted into the search engines MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus and Scopus. Titles and abstracts of the 282 results were screened by two authors and inclusion and exclusion criteria applied. The full text of the remaining 77 results were screened to inform the results of the review.

Results: The search identified 282 potentially relevant articles, of which 33 informed the results of the review. The included studies identified emerging themes relevant to the objective including: (1) the skills, training availability and confidence of the workforce (2) resourcing of ambulances inclusive of both workload and case load; (3) timings of each group regarding response, scene, and transport; and (4) the health status of paramedics in each subset location.

Conclusion: This review identified several disparities between rural and urban paramedic locations. However, it does not allow us to understand the extent at which these influence paramedics health and wellbeing and their ability to provide optimal patient-centred care which is equitable across locations. Further research is recommended to establish the extent to which these disparities are impacting the lives of paramedics and provision of emergency healthcare.
Serial Electrocardiograms Show Acute Onset of Inverted P Waves in a 62-Year-Old-Male with Chest Pain
Authors: Faber Brenton
Published: January 2024

Iatrogenic events are common causes of EMS encounters. This report present the case of a 62-year-old male who presented with new-onset chest pain after his primary care provider increased his diltiazem dose to better control atrial fibrillation. The patient presented with nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, and 8/10 sub-sternal chest pain. Sequential ECGs captured the initiation of a junctional rhythm indicated by negative (inverted) P waves and a shortened PR interval. The patient had also been prescribed dofetilide (Tikosyn), which can raise diltiazem levels. The case emphasizes the importance of recognizing arrhythmias associated with retrograde A/V conduction and raises awareness of potential iatrogenic events as causes for pre-hospital encounters.
Chemical Incident Preparedness Among Emergency Medical Service Personnel
Authors: Gyllencreutz Lina , Karlsson Sofia , Sjölander Andreas , Björnstig Johanna , Hedberg Pia
Published: January 2024

Background: Hazardous chemicals are essential for modern society but the use and transportation of them bears the risk of major incidents. Past incidents have revealed the importance of preparation and training of emergency medical service (EMS) personnel when responding to these incidents. However, studies have shown the level of preparedness to be insufficient. There is a lack of knowledge as to how EMS personnel perceive their preparedness and response when facing chemical incidents.

Aim: The aim of this study was to qualitative investigate working procedures regarding chemical incidents among a cohort of EMS personnel.

Method: Seventeen ambulance nurses from rural and urban areas were individually interviewed using four different realistic scenarios (vignettes). The transcribed text from the interviews was analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Result: The results were derived into two categories with underlying sub-categories: a struggle to organize the onsite work situation (insufficient managerial support, limited resources, trust in rescue services, difficult decision making, stressful responsibilities); and decontamination—a demanding and risky situation (risk management, work in protective gear, aggravating circumstances). Participants often lack real life experience in facing a chemical incident and training that improves preparedness and the ability to respond adequately.

Conclusion: Chemical incidents pose many challenges for EMS personnel, but with proper training efforts many of these challenges could be solved. This study has shown the need for more accessible chemical incident training targeting EMS personnel: especially focusing on risk assessment; managerial support; resource management; equipment; and decontamination, including stress management and decision-making. Research in the area of chemical incidents is sparse and there remains much to understand concerning work procedures during chemical incidents.
Cognitive paradoxes and brain mechanisms
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden, Brändas Erkki J.
Published: January 2024

It is generally agreed amongst philosophers and neuroscientists that the main obstacle between the science of the brain and the conscious nature of the mind is rooted in an objective-subjective dichotomy. It is further common to classify natural sciences in terms of their epistemological values and their ontological existential attributes. As a result, one concludes that a computer that is useful for studying nature, such as the conscious mind, is not itself part of nature, or as phrased differently by the noted philosopher, John Searle, ‘there are no Turing Machines in nature! However, the great physicist John Archibald Wheeler, by declaring the famous dictum, ‘it from bit’, did impart a somewhat different approach to the true nature of reality. To reconcile the two contrasting portraits, a different picture, based on the principle of self-reference, will be presented, and applied to the brain-mind problem. It is demonstrated how this principle imparts a thermo-qubit syntax, i.e., ‘bit from it’, for communication between increasingly more complex physical systems. Altogether, the steady state situation produces negentropic pockets for quantification and storage of information. The communication protocol entails cognition mechanisms that display unexpected equivalences that prompts fundamental interpretations of general optical illusions such as Necker’s cube, the Rubin vase, and the Spinning Dancer. The derived syntax also embodies an interesting deconstruction of the recently observed dodecanogram brain signal, experimentally elucidated by Anirban Bandyopadhyay and his team.
Use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to recognize the quality of oranges in Peru by 2023
Authors: Moza Villalobos Franklin , Natividad Villanueva Juan , Meneses Claudio Brian
Published: January 2024

Introduction: the agricultural sector in Peru has witnessed a notable increase in the production of oranges, which has promoted the essential use of convolutional neural networks (CNN). The ability to interpret images by visual artificial intelligence has been fundamental for the analysis and processing of these images, especially in the detection and classification of fruits, standing out in the specific case of oranges.Objective: conduct a systematic literature review (RSL) to evaluate the neural networks used in the classification of oranges in Peru.Method: an RSL was carried out using the PICO strategy to search the Scopus database. The selection criteria included studies that used convolutional neural networks to classify the quality status of oranges in the Peruvian context.Results: all the studies reviewed were based on the use of convolutional neural networks (CNN) for fruit classification, using various architectures and techniques. Some studies focused on a single specific fruit, while others addressed the classification of multiple types of fruits, highlighting the importance of the number and variety of images for training the networks.Conclusions: convolutional neural networks show effectiveness in orange classification, but the quality of the images and the variety of data are essential to improve accuracy
DUTIES AND AUTHORITY OF A NOTARY IN PRODUCING LAND DEEDS
Authors: Asti Natasya Rizki , Arsin Fransiscus Xaverius
Published: January 2024

Case Study 179/PDT.G/2022/PN.PLG is used to examine the roles and responsibilities of notaries in the creation of land deeds. Two primary lines of inquiry emerge from this statement of need for more study: (1) what are the responsibilities and powers of a notary in producing land deeds, and (2) what is the notary's responsibility for the land deeds he makes? A normative judicial methodology was used for this study. The result of this research is a notary's power to create land deeds is limited by Article 15 of the Law on the Position of Notaries. In compliance with legal mandates like the Government Regulation on PPAT, the Land Deed Making Officer (PPAT) is also empowered to create land deeds. A notary's ability to create certain property deeds, such as a Sale and Purchase Agreement Deed, is constrained by the PPAT's duties. The notary's obligation for land deeds depends on the cause of the inaccuracy. If the notary's mistake causes financial harm, the victim may file a civil lawsuit against the official. The UUJN also suggests possible criminal and administrative consequences, such as temporary termination. If the notary has followed all applicable laws and regulations and an honest mistake has occurred, the notary is immune from liability. This study's findings give a summary of the complexities involved in notaries' roles in drafting property deeds and fulfilling their obligations under relevant laws.
LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF ACCOUNTABILITY PRINCIPLES AND COMPANY TRANSPARENCY VIOLATION TOWARD COMPANY SHAREHOLDERS
Authors: Yulianti Nina Dwi
Published: January 2024

This study aims to analyze Decision 1028/Pid.Sus/2020/Pn.Jkt.Sel regarding the Actions of the Former Directors of PT. Tiga Pilar Sejahtera Food Tbk in terms of inflating financial reports that cause losses for investors. In addition, the study will examine how GCG violations—particularly those involving accountability and transparency—were carried out by the former directors of PT. Tiga Pilar Sejahtera Food Tbk and how they affected the company’s stockholders. Legal normative research is the methodology employed. The study’s findings demonstrate that, on their own, internal corporate rules like the GCG guidelines of the company and the application of relevant laws and regulations to ensure that the principles of transparency and accountability are upheld are insufficient to prevent violations. Additionally, the two former Directors of PT. Tiga Pilar Sejahtera Food Tbk’s fraud on the financial statements due to their violation of the principles of transparency and accountability caused a significant price decrease for the company’s shareholders.
JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF STATE FINANCIAL POLICIES IN HANDLING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Wirawan Arka , Samadi Wibowo Murti , Kusumastuti Dora
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this research is: to juridically analyze state policies in handling the Covid-19 pandemic through Law Number 2 of 2020. The writing method used in this research is normative juridical using a statute approach and conceptual approach. Based on the results of the discussion and research, it can be concluded that based on the system of division of powers in Indonesia contained in the 1945 Constitution as the state constitution, the President is given the authority to establish regulations which hierarchically have the same degree as laws known as Government Regulations in Lieu of Laws (Perppu). The existence of Perppu is also widely regulated in countries that apply the presidential system. In addition, the stipulation of Perppu must be based on the existence of a compelling urgency that is temporary (emergency). The category of compelling urgency is the prerogative of the President. Furthermore, legislators can accept or reject the Perppu into law as a definitive rule of law or law. Testing Perppu is the authority of the legislature to accept or reject the Perppu.
APPLICATION OF LEGAL RULES RELATED TO DEVIANT SEXUAL BEHAVIOR (EXHIBITIONISM)
Authors: Muhammad Faudzi Ahsani  , Musakkir  , Heriani Wiwie
Published: January 2024

This study aims to examine and analyze the phenomenon of the birth of deviant sexual behavior exhibitionism and examine and analyze the application of legal rules related to deviant sexual behavior exhibitionism. The results showed that The application of laws related to exhibitionism may use the offenses of Article 281 of the Criminal Code, Article 10, and Article 36 of the Pornography Law. The judge has the right to determine whether the defendant's actions can be accounted for or not, whether his soul is sick or not, and can be convicted or not. If the panel of judges believes that the defendant is incapable of responsibility and is convicted, then the defendant is free from punishment but is ordered to be treated in a mental hospital. In determining whether the defendant can be responsible or not, the judge usually asks for the help of a psychiatric expert to examine the condition of the defendant, which is commonly referred to as an expert witness in the trial as evidence listed in Article 184 paragraph (1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure.
JUSTICE MODERNIZATION IN THE DIGITAL DIVIDE OF INDONESIAN SOCIETY: A CHALLENGE
Authors: Angin Gracious Kesuma Prinstama Perangin , Nurlaily  , Seroja Triana Dewi
Published: January 2024

As a developing country, Indonesia must keep abreast of and adapt to the dynamics that occur in the digital era. The government must make every effort to utilize information technology in implementing existing public policies. The Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia as a judicial institution that has direct contact with justice seekers has required technology-based legal services using e-court applications. The digital divide in Indonesia will greatly affect the ability of the people themselves to obtain their rights at the Indonesian judiciary. This study aims to examine whether the issuance of a judicial modernization legal policy is an appropriate law in the digital divide of Indonesian society. The method of this research uses qualitative methods based on in-depth observations of legal norms. Modernizing justice through the use of electronic applications this Indonesian society is a challenge for the government as a policymaker. This is because certain people still need assistance within their limitations in the digital world to face modern justice.
THE ACT OF SALE OF A POSTPARTUM CHILD BY THE CHILD’S BIRTH MOTHER
Authors: Thamrin Muhammad Arganata , Ismail Affero
Published: January 2024

Children are the next generation and determinants of the future of the nation as well as a mirror of life attitudes in the future. Therefore, they need to get the opportunity to grow and develop their physical need, mental and social skill properly. However, sometimes they face serious problem such as getting pregnant out of wedlock when they are 13 years old. The problem occurs because of something undesirable and for that reason they are not ready to become parents. Thus, they commit acts of minor trafficking that are contrary to the provisions of the article 76f juncto Article 83 of Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection. Minor trafficking is a crime that violates human rights, whose perpetrators are not only adults but also children and most of them are victims of criminal acts. The minors who commited criminal acts need to be taken seriously and their criminal liability is different from adults. Therefore, the minors who are in conflict with the law still get specifically protection regulated in Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System.
CARBON TAX AND ITS EFFECT ON THE ECONOMY, TAXES AND ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Emelia Retno Kadarukmi Maria
Published: January 2024

This research discusses theoretically the relationship between carbon tax with economy, tax and environment. This research is a legal research with analytical descriptive nature, namely research that analyzes secondary data on issues related to carbon taxes as an instrument for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. According to secondary data, this research is aimed at discovering aspects of carbon tax design, collection of carbon taxes, and state management of carbon tax revenues. Carbon taxes are an effective and efficient instrument to support the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. To be implemented, a carbon tax must be feasible. Eligibility requires public acceptance. On the other hand, a carbon tax can create a lot of controversy. The main argument against carbon taxes is that carbon taxes do not always guarantee emission reductions. In addition, there are also concerns over the unintended effects of competitiveness, carbon leakage, and fears of unintended distributional impacts, which could be barriers to implementation.