bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonhormonal therapy for endometriosis based on energy metabolism regulation
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Shigetomi Hiroshi , Imanaka Shogo
Published: November 2021

Ovarian function suppression is the current pharmacotherapy of endometriosis with limited benefit and adverse effects. New therapeutic strategies other than hormonal therapy are developed based on the molecular mechanisms involved in the hypoxic and oxidative stress environments and metabolism unique to endometriosis. A literature search was performed between January 2000 and March 2021 in the PubMed database using a combination of specific terms. Endometriosis-associated metabolic changes have been organized into four hallmarks: (1) glucose uptake, (2) aerobic glycolysis, (3) lactate production and accumulation, and (4) metabolic conversion from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to aerobic glycolysis. Endometriotic cells favor glycolytic metabolism over mitochondrial OXPHOS to produce essential energy for cell survival. Hypoxia, a common feature of the endometriosis environment, is a key player in this metabolic conversion, which may lead to glucose transporter overexpression, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) and lactate dehydrogenase kinase A (LDHA) activation, and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex inactivation. Evading mitochondrial OXPHOS mitigates excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may trigger cell death. Therefore, the coinactivation of LDHA and PDK1 can induce the accumulation of mitochondrial ROS by converting energy metabolism to mitochondrial OXPHOS, causing endometriotic cell death. Metabolic pattern reconstruction in endometriotic lesions is a critical factor in cell survival and disease progression. One therapeutic strategy that may avoid hormone manipulation is focused on mitigating metabolic changes that have been detected in cells/tissues from women with endometriosis.

Lay summary

The most commonly used medical therapies for endometriosis have contraceptives and other side effects associated with hormone suppression and are therefore unsuitable for women desiring pregnancy. One therapeutic strategy that may avoid hormone manipulation is focused on changing metabolic profiles that have been detected in cells/tissues from women with endometriosis. Endometriotic cells favor glycolytic metabolism over mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to produce essential energy for cell growth. Furthermore, the metabolic conversion from mitochondrial OXPHOS to aerobic glycolysis suppresses cell death through the reduced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This unique metabolic feature of endometriosis is important for cell survival and disease progression. Thus, changing the specific metabolic switch may increase mitochondrial ROS production, causing severe oxidative stress and cell death. This review describes new treatments by changing the metabolic profiles of endometriosis.
Arturo extravagante
Authors: Alvar Carlos
Published: November 2021

La materia de Bretaña forma un conjunto homegéneo de textos; a pesar de todo, no faltaron voces discordantes referidas a los principales personajes de la Mesa Redonda. Así, el rey Arturo, Ginebra y Merlín fueron objeto (entre otros) de burlas y críticas. El artículo recoge algunas de esas burlas referidas a los tres personajes citados, posteriores al siglo xiv y de ámbito castellano casi todas ellas.
Unas adivinanzas españolas de Lope de Vega: estudio de una fórmula cómica en la «Jerusalén conquistada» (1609) y «La doncella Teodor» (c. 1608-1610)
Authors: Sánchez Jiménez Antonio
Published: November 2021

El presente trabajo examina un pasaje de una comedia de Lope de Vega, La doncella Teodor, en el que el gracioso español Padilla le propone a la protagonista unas jocosas adivinanzas que ella va solventando en presencia del sultán. Concretamente, analizamos el episodio en relación con unos versos del libro XV de la Jerusalén conquistada (1609), también protagonizados por un español y un sultán (en esta ocasión, Saladino). Tras proporcionar un breve estado de la cuestión, estudiamos las adivinanzas de La doncella Teodor y las comparamos con las de la Jerusalén, examinando su función respectiva y reflexionando sobre la pertinencia de este eco textual para resolver cuestiones como la datación de la comedia y para destacar ciertos usos autoriales de Lope.
A Novel T-Spherical Fuzzy REGIME Method for Managing Multiple-Criteria Choice Analysis Under Uncertain Circumstances
Authors: Chen Ting-Yu
Published: November 2021

The theory of T-spherical fuzzy (T-SF) sets possesses remarkable capability to manage intricate uncertain information. The REGIME method is a well-established technique concerning discrete choice analysis. This paper comes up with a multiple-criteria choice analysis approach supported by the REGIME structure for manipulating T-SF uncertainties. This paper constructs new-created measurements such as superiority identifiers and guide indices for relative attractiveness and fittingness, respectively, between T-SF characteristics. This study evolves the T-SF REGIME I and II prioritization procedures for decision support. The application and comparative studies exhibit the effectiveness and favorable features of the propounded T-SF REGIME methodology in real decisions.
Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Growth-Unemployment Nexus
Authors: Kadiša Tomas , Butkus Mindaugas , Aleksandravičienė Akvilė
Published: November 2021

This paper examines the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the growth-unemployment nexus. A review of previous contributions on Okun’s law uncovered which aspects of international relations are more prone to affect growth-unemployment nexus. It was found that inward FDI and outward FDI are most likely to affect this nexus. EU-28 panel data and interactive model with pooled OLS estimator were used to empirically test whether both inward and outward FDI moderates the relationship between growth and unemployment. The estimations showed that, as expected, FDI weakens the effect of growth on unemployment. Moreover, with an increase in FDI, the effect of growth on unemployment becomes less statistically significant.
Jivi indigenous peoples: family functioning and health care, an analysis from Community Health Nursing practices
Authors: Medina-Maldonado Venus Elizabeth , Zerpa Yeigre , Torres-Torres Lydia , Navarro de Sáez María , Urgiles Patricia , Figueredo Henry
Published: November 2021

Objective To explore the meaning of beliefs and practices related to family functioningand health care in a Venezuelan indigenous group.Materials and Methods A qualitative research study was conducted using a focused-ethnography (FE) method. The techniques implemented during data collection were focus group and observer-as-participant. Twenty-seven people distributed into four groups were included in the study. The qualitative content analysis method was selected for the interpretation stage.Results The most significant findings revealed that Jivi people’s customs were mixed with modern practices. Cultural practices such as maternity and childbirth are processes in which the formal healthcare system has a secondary role. Moreover, participants showed flexibility in terms of responsibilities without association to sex.Conclusion Training of human resources with an intercultural approach is a measure that could strengthen the practices of ethnic groups in terms of healthcare.
Notes on Australasian Orchidaceae 7: Updates on the nomenclature of Sullivania (Diurideae, subtribe Drakaeinae)
Authors: Clements Mark A. , Jones David L.
Published: November 2021

Sullivania F.Muell.(Orchidaceae) is recognised as a validly published genus having priority over Paracaleana Blaxell, and thirteen species (eleven described) in Paracaleana are here transferred to it.
Municipal Solid Waste Management: the interdependence between communication and selective collection
Authors: Dadario Natália , De Oliveira Sandra Cristina , Baptista Renato Dias
Published: November 2021

Considering the role of communication for the effectiveness of selective waste collection programs (SCP), the research aimed to analyze the communication process used among the actors involved in waste SCP. In order to achieve the objective, a county located in the interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, was used as the case study. In the research, diagrams of information transmission were created, based on the Shannon Weaver model and adapted by DeFleur, so that communication gaps in the explored SCP and possibilities for improvement were identified. Among the results obtained in the study, it was observed that there is a distance between population and the cooperative that impairs the interactivity between these actors; the current information is insufficient to reinforce behavior in the population, since they don’t take into account environmental, social and economic factors as a form of mobilization; and the most effective means of communication to the public (speakers on the trucks) is no longer used to publicize the program. Thus, the communication in the analyzed SCP still lacks improvements, since the study identified noises in the communication that lead to failures in the selective collection of the county in question.
Abordagem conservadora no tratamento das disfunções temporomandibulares articulares na infância: relato de caso
Authors: Carvalho Tatiane Maciel , Miranda Alexandre Franco
Published: November 2021

As desordens temporomandibulares (DTM) são causas de dores na região orofacial que podem acometer crianças e adolescentes. São definidas como uma variedade de condições clínicas que afetam os músculos da mastigação, articulação temporomandibular (ATM) e estruturas associadas. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar a estratégia de intervenção clínica em uma paciente do sexo feminino, 11 anos, com queixa de dor na face. Na anamnese e exame clínico a paciente foi avaliada segundo o questionário internacional DC/TMD e apresentou limitação na abertura de boca, na lateralidade direita e protrusão, com queixa de dor no polo lateral esquerdo e estalido em todos os movimentos de excursão. Na palpação da face a mesma relatou dor intensa, espalhada por toda região de músculo masseter, região pré-auricular e ATM esquerda. Foi solicitado e confirmado por meio do exame de ressonância magnética da ATM o diagnóstico de deslocamento de disco sem redução com limitação de abertura de boca e edema intra-articular da ATM esquerda. Foram instituídas estratégias terapêuticas conservadoras uma vez por semana, durante quatro semanas, tanto para controle do desconforto da articulação quanto da musculatura envolvida. As condutas utilizadas foram: termoterapia, TENS, terapia comportamental cognitiva, alongamento, massagem e exercícios mandibulares para que a paciente tivesse a sua sintomatologia controlada e sua mobilidade mandibular restaurada. Conclui-se que a associação de condutas terapêuticas conservadoras e precoce na infância realizadas por profissional capacitado, contribuíram na minimização de uma possível cronificação da sintomatologia dolorosa e interferindo diretamente no bem-estar e qualidade de vida da criança.
RECURSO LÚDICO PARA APOIO AO APRENDIZADO DA ÁLGEBRA DE ALUNOS DO 7º ANO DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Kinast Eder , Serpa Diane
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo original versa sobre um recurso didático lúdico para aprendizagem de Álgebra no Ensino Fundamental. Objetivou-se, em âmbito geral, conhecer a eficácia da aplicação de um recurso pedagógico lúdico com charadas e desafios matemáticos para a construção de uma aprendizagem efetiva dos conteúdos da Álgebra, por alunos do 7 ° ano do Ensino Fundamental, de uma escola da cidade de Butiá / RS. A metodologia da pesquisa deu-se pelo método qualitativo, levando em consideração, boletim, três aspectos importantes: as utilidades do professor mediador e dos alunos afetados no experimento; o retorno dos mesmos em relação à efetividade do experimento; e a comparação, do ponto de vista do professor, em relação à aprendizagem de anos anteriores com métodos tradicionais.Constatou-se que a utilização do recurso lúdico em questão, servir para promover uma aprendizagem aproximando e prazerosa, incentivando os alunos a se tornarem agentes ativos da busca pelo seu próprio por meio de conhecimento de levantamento de hipóteses, soluções de problemas, desafios lógicos e debates / trocas entre os alunos, durante as etapas do recurso pedagógico lúdico. É preciso que o professor oriente os conteúdos de Álgebra de forma contextualizada, integrada com conhecimentos teóricos, levando os alunos a atribuírem significado a tais aprendizagens.Um recurso pedagógico lúdico é um meio que tem uma potencialidade para capacitar o aluno a compreender como abstrações, os conceitos e o pensamento algébrico, apropriando-se de novos conhecimentos e sendo capaz de transformar informações em aprendizagens útil, útil à sua vivência e, ainda, aprender de forma prazerosa.
On possibility of using silicomanganese slag and ladle electric steelmaking slag in manufacture of welding fluxes
Authors: Kozyrev N. A. , Mikhno A. R. , Usol'tsev A. A. , Kryukov R. E. , Simachev A. S.
Published: November 2021

Analysis of the existing trends in development of technologies for production of welding and surfacing fluxes showed that one of the actively developing areas is the production of fluxes using man-made waste (including metallurgical one) as components of the initial charge. This is due to the fact that the slag waste of metallurgical production contains a large amount of manganese and silicon, which in turn are the basis in welding fluxes. Within the framework of this direction development, the article describes principal possibility and efficiency of using materials based on ladle electric steelmaking slag from JSC “EVRAZ United West Siberian Metallurgical Combine” and slag produced by silicomanganese from LLC “West Siberian Electrometallurgical Plant” in the charge for production of fluxes used in the surfacing of rolling rolls. All the laboratory tests were made using the equipment of the scientific and production center “Welding Processes and Technologies”. For surfacing steel samples, the authors used a flux additive obtained by mixing ladle electric steelmaking slag of a fraction less than 0.2 mm with liquid sodium glass in a ratio of 62 and 38 %. The resulting flux additive was mixed with slag from the production of silicomanganese of a fraction of 0.45 - 2.50 mm in various ratios. Studies of the chemical composition (by the spectral method) and metallographic studies of the deposited layer revealed a tendency to an increase in sulfur content and in contamination with non-metallic inclusions in it with an increase in content of the flux additive in the charge of more than 20 %. According to the results of visual quality control of the deposited layer macrostructure, the absence of defects was established with a flux additive content of up to 30 %.
Production of magnets from the material of Fe - Cr - Co system by selective laser sintering
Authors: Efremov D. B. , Gerasimova A. A.
Published: November 2021

The article presents results of the study of possibilities of selective laser melting (SLM), or so-called additive technologies, for production of permanent magnets. This process makes it possible to produce not only product models and prototypes, but also finished functional products using layer-by-layer addition of material and binding of particles and layers to each other. An alloy based on Fe - Cr - Co system has been chosen as the material for evaluation of the compared technologies for permanent magnets production. The application fields of selective laser melting (SLM/SLP) were considered. The powders obtained by different methods are taken for the research. Classical technology of magnetic alloy casting also was analyzed. The studies of magnetic materials and comparisons of the properties of powder magnets with standard data were carried out. On the basis of 25Kh15KA alloy powder sprayed by gas atomization, permanent magnets with a material density of 7.59 - 7.55 g/cm3 can be manufactured at the SLP plant. They meet the requirements recommended by the state standard GOST 24897 - 81, and achieve characteristics of magnets made by classical metallurgical technologies. To study the magnetic and physical properties, four samples were produced with the same geometry in the shape of a cube. During production of each of the test samples, different operating modes of the plant were selected. Samples were made on the basis of the “Kurchatov Institute” NRS enterprise (the “Prometheus” Central Research Institute of Construction Materials) as part of the NIO-35 technological complex. It was established that characteristics of the powders obtained by gas atomization qualitatively exceed characteristics of the powders obtained by other methods, and the produced magnets meet all the requirements for magnets.
Application of high-entropy alloys
Authors: Gromov V. E. , Shlyarova Yu. A. , Konovalov S. V. , Vorob'ev S. V. , Peregudov O. A.
Published: November 2021

From accumulated information on structure, properties, stability, and methods of manufacturing the high-entropy alloys (HEA) created early in the 21 century it follows that they possess a whole complex of useful properties that suggests their perspective application in different branches of industry. The authors have made a short review of scientific articles on analysis of possibilities of HEA application in specific science-consuming branches of the last 5 years. In biomedicine the protective coatings made of (TiZrNbHfTa)N and (TiZrNbHfTa)O HEAs possess biocompatibility, high level of mechanical properties, high wear- and corrosion resistance in physiological media, and excellent adhesion. Products made of (MoTa)χNbTiZr passed clinical tests successfully when being implanted to living muscular tissue. The developed HEAs based on rare-earth elements and metals of Fe group such as YbTbDyAlMe (Me = Fe, Co, Ni) possess magnetocaloric effect, have Curie temperature close to room one and may be used in modern refrigerator mechanisms. Changing in stoichiometric composition of CoCrFeNiTi HEAs, alloying them and performing thermal treatment, the researchers succeed in obtaining soft magnetic materials. Fields of HEA application are presented as following: catalysts of ammonia oxidation - (PtPdRhRuCe), ammonia decomposition - (RuRhCoNiIr), oxidation of aromatic alcohols - (Co0,2Ni0,2Cu0,2Mg0,2Zn0,2 ), electric catalysts of hydrogen extraction - (Ni20Fe20Mo10Cr15Co35 ), redox reactions (AlCuNiPtMn and AlNiCuPtPdAu), and oxidation of methanol/ethanol. HEAs can be used as electrodes - anodes and cathodes for Li-ion and Na-ion accumulators. Synthesized nanoporous HEA AlCoCrFeNi has high bulk density up to 700 F/cm3 and cyclic stability (>3000 cycles) and is used in supercapacitors. High-entropy oxides such as (MgNiCoCuZn)0.95Li0.05O with high dielectric properties in a wide frequency range may be used in electronic converters. Examples of HEA application are given: as coatings of ship parts being operated in sea water, various welded joints, parts of nuclear reactors. Perspectives of widening the fields of HEA application are indicated.
Separation of ferromanganese ore components by non-contact and contact carbothermic reduction
Authors: Kosdauletov N. , Mukhambetgaliev E. K. , Roshchin V. E.
Published: November 2021

The possibility of joint selective solid-phase reduction of iron and phosphorus in ferromanganese ore has been experimentally confirmed. The experiments were carried out in a Tamman laboratory furnace at a temperature of 1000 °C and holding for two and five hours. The article presents results of the study of phase composition and phases' quantitative ratio of the reduction products, as well as chemical composition of the phases. It was established that reduction roasting in CO atmosphere provides a transition from oxide phase to metal phase only of iron and phosphorus. At the same time, the concentration of manganese oxide MnO increases in the ore oxide phase. The use of solid carbon as a reducing agent under the same conditions leads to transition to the metallic phase together with iron and phosphorus of a part of manganese. Based on the obtained data, it is proposed to selectively reduce iron and phosphorus at a temperature of 1000 °C with a reducing gas. Gas reduction will make it possible to use existing gas furnaces, in particular, multi-pod furnaces, for metallization of iron and phosphorus in ferromanganese ore, and natural gas, including hydrogen -enriched gas, and even pure hydrogen, as a reducing agent and energy carrier. Due to this, at the stage of ore metallization in production of manganese alloys, greenhouse gas CO2 emissions can be reduced. The results of the work can be used in the development of theoretical and technological bases for processing ferromanganese ores with a high content of phosphorus, which are not processed by existing technologies.
Degradation of o-Chloranil Using Nanocrystalline-Cellulose/TiO2 Composites via a Solar Photocatalytic Route
Authors: Moodley Vashen , Maddila Suresh , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha B. , van Zyl Werner E.
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Water pollution by organic pollutants is a continuous and increasing problem of global concern. In this paper, we developed a nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and titania (TiO2) based nanocomposite for the photocatalytic degradation of o-chloranil via aqueous wet impregnation. Different NCC loadings (10, 20, 40, and 80%) were used, and several analytical and microscopy techniques characterised the NCC/TiO2 catalyst. The efficiency of TiO2 as a photo-catalyst was enhanced through the chiral nematic nature and potential charge carrier capacity of NCC, which lowered the rate of electron recombination. The NCC/TiO2 material was used in the solar-driven photo-degradation of o-chloranil (3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1,2-benzoquinone), a by-product of a commonly used pesticide. The successful decomposition of o-chloranil led to the successful identification of three breakdown products, namely 2,3-dichloro-4,5-dioxohex-2-enedoic acid (DCA), 2,3-dioxosuccinic acid (DSA) and oxalic acid (OA). The 20% NCC/TiO2 catalyst was found to be optimum and showed excellent degradation and mineralisation of o-chloranil within 2 hours (~90% degradation after 2 hours or 0.00920 mols of the total 0.0102 mols). The degradation products were analysed and identified using GC-MS. The photo-catalyst offers many benefits, including ease of preparation, a low cost-factor, and high stability with no loss of activity. Keywords: nanocrystalline cellulose; o-chloroanil; photocatalyst; photo-degradation; titania
Truncated Edge Cuprous Oxide Cube Architecture for Reduction of Nitrophenols
Authors: Erasmus Elizabeth
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Truncated cubic Cu-oxide nanocrystals with edge lengths of ca. 600 nm were prepared employing the low-cost copper (II) chloride as the precursor. XRD revealed that the truncated cubic Cu-oxide nanocrystals are present in both the CuI and Cu0 state. XPS characterisation gives insight into the amount of each state present in the as-prepared, oxidised, reduced and recovered catalyst species. The catalytic activity of the truncated cubic Cu-oxide nanocrystals was tested for the reduction of nitrophenols using NaBH4. After one catalytic cycle of the reduction of 4-nitrophenol, the activity almost halved. The SEM images revealed that the recovered catalyst showed some disfigurement of the structure, and XPS confirmed the reduction of the CuI to metallic Cu0. Keywords: Cu-oxide, truncated cubic nanocrystal, nitrophenol, catalysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Renewable energy potential of anaerobic mono- and co-digestion of chicken manure, goat manure, potato peels and maize pap in South Africa
Authors: Nkosi S’busiso M. , Lupuleza Inikile , Sithole Siyanda N. , Zelda Zenzile R. , Matheri Anthony N.
Published: November 2021

The energy sector is an essential part of a country’s economy – it drives innovation and advances in industrialisation. Coal is the primary source of energy in South Africa. Coal contributes 95% of energy production; coal-fired power also contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, and is thus a hazard to human health and the environment. This calls for an energy mix that is renewable, sustainable, and affordable and that is carbon neutral (climate action). We investigated the potential of anaerobic mono-and co-digestion of goat manure, chicken manure, potato peels, maize pap, and cow manure inoculum for mesophilic recovery of renewable energy using the biomethane potential test. The substrates were characterised through proximate and ultimate analyses to determine the composition preferable for mono- and co-digestion. The key considerations in the determination of both the yield and production rate of methane from digestion of biomass are the substrate composition and characterisation. A high percentage of volatile solids favoured optimum biomethane production as highly volatile components provide microbes with balanced nutrients that enhance metabolic processes to produce biomethane. The mono-digestion process produced lower biomethane than did co-digestion. Higher production of biomethane by co-digestion was due to the balance of the micronutrients and macronutrients that favoured microbial metabolism and regulation of pH.
Significance:

The results highlight the need for appropriate techniques in combining energy and waste management. Biogas could provide solutions for some of South Africa’s energy necessities, particularly in rural areas that have abundant biogas.
Photodegradation and kinetics of edible oil refinery wastewater using titanium dioxide
Authors: Aisien Eki T. , Aisien Felix A.
Published: November 2021

Edible oil refinery wastewater (EORW) is one source of environmental pollution in Nigeria. The treatment of EORW before discharge into the environment remains a significant challenge in the edible oil refinery industries. This research was aimed at photocatalytic treatment of EORW using a batch photocatalytic reactor with titanium dioxide photocatalyst. We investigated the physicochemical parameters: chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), oil and grease, phenol, chloride (Cl-), total suspended solids, sulfate (SO42-), and phosphate (PO43-) using American Public Health Association methods. The results showed that the reduction efficiency of the treated EORW with TiO2 catalyst ranged between 65.8% (PO43-) and 87.0% (COD), and the improvement in efficiency was 54.1% (pH) and 60.8% dissolved oxygen. However, the results showed no significant difference (p<0.05) in the control treatment without catalyst. The biodegradability of EORW increased from 0.196 to 0.32. It was observed that the optimum values were an initial EORW concentration of 100 mL/L, irradiation time of 90min, catalyst dose of 1.25 g/L, and an agitation speed of 900 rpm. The kinetics of the photodegradation process was well described by the pseudo-first-order equation (R2>0.96) and pseudo-second-order equation (R2>0.98). The intra-particle diffusion model fairly represented the diffusion mechanism with an R2 value of 0.806. The treated EORW met the most acceptable water quality standards for discharged effluent according to the maximum permissible limits of the Nigerian National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency.Significance:

Photocatalytic treatment of EORW gave negligible results in the absence of a photocatalyst.
The photocatalytic degradation of EORW improved its biodegradability.
Photocatalytic treatment of EORW significantly reduced the pollutants in the wastewater.
The pseudo-first-order equation (R2>0.96)
Developing an environmental research platform in the Karoo at the Square Kilometre Array
Authors: Van der Merwe Helga , Milton Suzanne J. , Dean W. Richard J. , O'Connor Tim G. , Henschel Joh R.
Published: November 2021

A part of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will be constructed in the northern Karoo of South Africa on approximately 135 000 ha of land. This land is formerly privately owned rangelands (farms) that were purchased by the South African National Research Foundation (NRF), on which the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, as part of the global SKA project, will erect the SKA infrastructure. Additionally, a long-term environmental research programme will be established to investigate various dryland ecosystem components at a landscape scale. Livestock has been removed from the farms, and the area is now managed by the South African National Parks (SANParks) as the Meerkat National Park. The land-use and land cover changes present an unprecedented opportunity to study ecosystem dynamics. The property will be established as an NRF science park, incorporating an SKA research platform for radio astronomy and an environmental research platform of the South African Environmental Observation Network, with additional environmental research conducted by SANParks and their collaborators. We briefly describe current knowledge of the area’s environment, and report on past and contemporary changes in this part of the Karoo. We present a conceptual model for the larger landscape which considers possible future land-use scenarios, the projected trajectories of change under these scenarios, and factors influencing these trajectories. These deliberations represent the foundation for future research in this landscape and the development of an environmental observation research platform in the Karoo at SKA.Significance:

We summarise an extensive environmental baseline report on the SKA property and surrounding areas.
Withdrawal of livestock and other changes – such as clearing of alien invasive plants, reduced predator control and reduction in water-point maintenance – are expected to bring about changes in ecological processes and plant and animal communities.
We present a conceptual model of scenarios to test possible future trajectories as a first step towards an earth system science research platform in the NRF science park.
The polyphagous shot hole borer beetle: Current status of a perfect invader in South Africa
Authors: Van Rooyen Elmar , Paap Trudy , De Beer Wilhelm , Townsend Garyn , Fell Shawn , Nel Wilma J. , Morgan Seamus , Hill Martin , Roets Francois
Published: November 2021

The polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB) beetle is a recent invader in South Africa. Together with its fungal symbiont, Fusarium euwallaceae, it can rapidly kill highly susceptible host plants. Its impact is most profound in urban areas, but it has also been found infesting important forestry, agricultural crop and native species. Since its first detection in 2012, PSHB has spread to all but one province in the country. The beetle–fungus complex has several biological traits that enhance its anthropogenically mediated dispersal, establishment and survival in novel environments – factors that have likely facilitated its rapid spread across the country. We review the history of the PSHB invasion in South Africa, its taxonomic status and the reasons for its rapid spread. We highlight its potential impact and challenges for its management. Finally, we provide an updated distribution map and list of confirmed host plants in South Africa. Of the 130 plant species identified as hosts, 48 of these (19 indigenous and 29 introduced) are reproductive hosts able to maintain breeding PSHB populations. These reproductive hosts may succumb to beetle infestations and act as ‘pest-amplifiers’. The economic impact on urban forests, plantation forestry and agricultural crops may be severe, but the ecological impact of PSHB invasion in native ecosystems should not be underestimated.Significance:

We provide an updated host list and distribution map for South Africa of the globally significant tree pest, the polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB, Euwallacea fornicatus). The South African PSHB invasion represents the largest outbreak of this pest in its global invaded range. PSHB was confirmed to infest 130 plant species in urban, agricultural, and native ecosystems in South Africa, including 44 previously unreported hosts. Impact in South Africa is in its infancy but will likely be substantial to local economies and ecosystems. Mitigation has proven difficult, but numerous research projects have been initiated throughout the country.
[RETRACTED] What are the symptoms of Keto Forte BHB Pills? v1
Authors: Forte Reviews Keto
Published: November 2021

[RETRACTED]

BHB represents Beta-hydroxybutyrate and there are different variations of the BHB salts. Every one of the fixings with BHB and other Keto Forte Pills are quality and amazing that assists with making the body more vivacious, dynamic, and protected to work.
[RETRACTED] Green Fast Keto Shark Tank (Updated Reviews) Scam or Legit, Where to Buy? v1
Authors: not provided gleneamen
Published: November 2021

[RETRACTED]

As of now, stoutness is an unavoidable issue in light of the fact that a great many people have work area occupations where they need to sit for extended periods of time.
Preparation of Competent Cells ofM. bovisBCG v1
Authors: Rey A Ibale Jonathan
Published: November 2021

This protocol is a standardized protocol obtained from the Polytechnic University of Hong Kong and is in current use in SC 193 Laboratory under Prof. Au Wing Ngor for M. bovis BCG experimentation. The cells produced thereof are electrocompetent.
Construction of multichannelmagnetolevitation systems
Authors: Sundukov Evgeny Y. , Shifrin Boris M. , Sundukova Veronika E.
Published: November 2021

Background: It is proposed to set a traveling magnetic field in a special control channel (beam, pipe), coupled with several controlled channels - small-sized maglev systems in which levitation of transport modules is carried out.
Aim: to interface the control channel with several controlled channels (up to four) small-sized maglev systems. In this case, the control channel will be located in the center, and the controlled channels at the top, right, bottom, left.
Methods: 3D-modeling, layout, spatial composition, patent search.
Results: The traveling magnetic field in the control channel is created by a moving sequence of interacting magnetic field sources the movers, which interact too with magnetic field sources of transport modules the fellow travelers, levitating in the controlled channels through sources of a constant magnetic field. The structure is installed on arched supports that uniformly distribute the load over the support surface. A model of a two-channel system with a lower location of a controlled channel has been developed.
Conclusion: The small-sized maglev systems can form a multi-channel transport system.
Improved dfig dftc by using a fractional-order super twisting algorithms in wind power application
Authors: Almakki Ali Nadhim Jbarah , Mazalov Andrey
Published: November 2021

Background: The direct flux and torque control are a robust, simple, and alternative approach control formulation that does not require decomposition into symmetrical components; the direct flux and torque control schemes have been proved to be preponderant for doubly-fed induction generators due to the simple implementation.
Aim: This work presents the minimization of electromagnetic torque and rotor flux undulations of doubly-fed induction generators using fractional-order super twisting algorithms and modified space vector modulation techniques.
Methods: The main role of direct flux and torque control is to regulate and control the electromagnetic torque and rotor flux of doubly-fed induction generators for wind turbine systems. The direct flux and torque control is a traditional control algorithm and robust technique. Fractional-order super twisting algorithms are a new and proposed nonlinear controller; characterized by a robust controller and a simpler algorithm, which gives a good harmonic distortion of current compared to other methods.
Novelty: The A fractional-order super twisting algorithm is proposed. Proposed nonlinear controller construction is based on the traditional super twisting algorithm and fractional calculus to obtain a robust controller and reduces the electromagnetic torque and rotor flux undulations of doubly-fed induction generators. We use in our study a 1.5 MW doubly-fed induction generator integrated into a single-rotor wind turbine system to minimizes the electromagnetic torque, stator current, rotor flux undulations. As shown in the results figures using fractional-order super twisting algorithms ameliorate effectiveness especially minimizes the electromagnetic torque and rotor flux, and minimizes harmonic distortion of stator current (0.16 %) compared to the traditional control scheme.
Results: As shown in the results figures using fractional-order super twisting algorithms ameliorate effectiveness especially minimizes the electromagnetic torque and rotor flux, and minimizes harmonic distortion of stator current (0.16 %) compared to the traditional control scheme.
Conclusion: The direct flux and torque control are a robust, simple, and alternative approach control formulation that does not require decomposition into symmetrical components; the direct flux and torque control schemes have been proved to be preponderant for doubly-fed induction generators due to the simple implementation.
Strategic priorities of JSC “Russian Railways” in the sustainable development
Authors: Chechenova Liana M.
Published: November 2021

Aim: to determine the relationship between the adoption of a sustainable development policy and the effectiveness of the implementation of infrastructure development projects of the JSC Russian Railways. We prove that the functioning of the Holding within the framework of the established principles of sustainable development Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance (ESG) contributes to the improvement of its operational activities.
Methods: The research methodology is based on the analysis of international approaches and assessment criteria for ESG factors using analytical procedures for identifying cause-effect relationships of the strategy for the development of railway transport in the Russian Federation within the framework of ESG. The work was carried out with a focus on the current state of the railway industry in the Russian Federation in the context of sustainable development goals and is based on the analysis of reports from international organizations and data from the JSC Russian Railways, indicated in the Concept of financing sustainable development projects.
Results: The evaluation of the strategic priorities of JSC Russian Railways in the strategy of sustainable development with the justification and criteria of development trends. The format of compliance of the strategy for the development of railway transport in Russia with the goals of sustainable growth was established with a comparison of national projects, government programs and strategic goals for the development of the transport complex of the Russian Federation.
Conclusion: The analysis confirms the possibility of using the main results of the study when making decisions on sustainable development of infrastructure sectors of the economy and, in particular, transport to attract green investments in projects for the development of backbone infrastructure with priority settings for energy efficiency, environmental friendliness and safety of the railway transport system.
Major restoration of massive bridge supports
Authors: Averchenko Gleb A. , Borisov Vyacheslav A. , Vasilev Kirill A.
Published: November 2021

The object of research in this article is the methods of restoring massive bridge supports, depending on the nature and volume of destruction. The work is based on the analysis of publications of domestic and foreign scientists, by the method of theoretical study, analysis and generalization of the material. From an organizational point of view, minor work on the repair of supports can be carried out by the order of the roads themselves, but as for large-scale work, they are sharply different from work on temporary restoration. The repair of damaged supports from a broken part of the masonry is not much different from the repair and reinforcement of supports performed on existing bridges. The greatest difficulties will be the repair of supports in the underwater part. To work on each individual repair facility, organizations with high mobility, skilled labor and a sufficient supply of materials are needed.
Comparison of hyperloop and existing transport vehicles in terms of security and costs
Authors: Özbek Rümeysa , Çodur Muhammed Yasin
Published: November 2021

Technological developments have increased the possibilities, comfort, reliability, and speed of the transportation network in the world. Today, various transport vehicles try to meet the speed, economy, and safety demands of passengers. However, as the passengers' demand increase depending on the population, the requirement for innovation in this field increases. Various studies have been carried out to determine the benefit-cost ratio of Hyperloop, an alternative developed to meet the speed requirement in this respect. The decision to build the Hyperloop anywhere else in the world depends on the system's characteristics, such as sustainability, economy, safety, and response to passenger demands. In this study, Hyperloop and existing systems were compared with comfort, safety, and cost considering these criteria. It was focused on the commercial planes, Maglev, and high-speed train features, as they are similar to Hyperloop in these comparisons. Based on the relevant data, it has been reached that the Hyperloop system could prevent it from becoming a widespread public transport vehicle because of its low passenger capacity and expensive construction and operation.
Sharing economy development in urban transport systems
Authors: Volkova Elena M.
Published: November 2021

The evolution of urban transport systems leads to the emerging of new forms of transport services. This trend is increasing during the period of intensive development of new technologies, for example, digital technologies and smart transport systems. However, smart transport system involves not only implementation of information and communication technologies, but also changes in the business model of transport company, forms of their interaction with competitors and consumers. One of this new forms is transport sharing, which is the part of sharing economy. The latter involves the reduction of private ownership and sharing of benefits in different industries. Sharing economy is mainly develops in such areas as housing rental, trade and procurement, job search, and project financing. Recently, the accelerated development of sharing consumption of transport services with the accompanying development of electronic travel search services has attracted attention. This trend may in the near future significantly affect the structure of transport market, as well as forms and methods of doing business in urban transport, so the study of the segment of shared consumption in transport is of particular relevance. The purpose of this article is classification of new business models in the segment of transport sharing, as well as identification of the problems of transport sharing development in Russian megacities. The material for the research was taken from open sources, available publications and scientific articles on the economy of shared consumption.
Special educational needs of children and adolescents with epilepsy
Authors: Kręcisz-Plis Elżbieta
Published: November 2021

Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic conditions of the nervous system. It occurs in around 0,5-1% of school-aged children. It should be emphasized, that a chronic disease is always a very difficult and stressful situation, not only for a child and their family, but also for teachers who cooperate with them. Purpose: The aim of this research is to draw attention to the school situation of a child with epilepsy, regarding especially to them educational needs resulting from the specificity of the disease.
Parentification in Families Experiencing Violence
Authors: Barabas Magdalena
Published: November 2021

The polymotivational nature of violence makes it impossible to clearly determine its cause in a given family. Also, the multitude and extent of consequences for people involved in it are very high. Parentification can be observed in families experiencing violence, which is often not only a result of being subjected to acts of violence but can also be seen as a violent behaviour exhibited by adults towards children.
Long term post-traumatic stress disorders among the earthquake affected people of Sindhupalchwok, Nepal
Authors: Gautam Laxmi , Mishra Durga Khadka , Pant Gobind Prasad , Khadka Rabina , Chataut Prakash Datt , Shrestha Tripti , Thapa Sailendra
Published: November 2021

Background: People who are suffering from PTSD have disturbing feelings and thoughts which is related to their experience even after a long time of such traumatic events happened. This study highlight the characteristics and prevalence of PTSD among the earthquake survivors.Methods: Cross sectional study was carried out using standard PCL-5 PTSD questionnaire. Interview was taken among 376 survivors of earthquake after 4 years of earthquake in Sindhupalchok. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used to describe data and test association.Results: The mean age of the respondents was 39.47±16.18 years. Almost 2/5th of the respondents were either buried, injured or physically or mentally disabled during earthquake. Majority of the survivors had loss their loved one while most of them loss their property. Among the respondents who were buried 28.6% had develop PTSD which was 22.2% among physical or mental disable during earthquake. PTSD showed significant association with age, loss of known person and loss of property however didn’t show with gender, caste, experience of earthquake and so on. The prevalence of PTSD was 71 (21.5%) out of 331 respondents. Female (63.4%) were more prone to PTSD than male (36.6%).Conclusions: PTSD is prevalent among 21.5% of survivors even after 4 years of earthquake which showed an urgent need to address PTSD among the respondents and immediate intervention to prevent and treat such problems in case of future disasters.
High prevalence of food taboos and dietary restrictions in lactating mothers from coastal districts of a south Indian state: a hospital based study
Authors: Kudumula Vikram , Maram Krishna Prasad , Nukala Bavana , Paturi Venkata Rama Rao
Published: November 2021

Background: Adequate nutrition during pregnancy and lactation is pivotal for wellbeing of newborn infants. However, presence of traditional beliefs and taboos associated with food intake during pregnancy and lactation could interfere with nutritional needs of growing infants resulting in a variety of nutritional disorders. Our objective was to study the prevalence of dietary restrictions and food taboos practiced by lactating women from five costal districts of the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.Methods:It was a descriptive and observational study, conducted between November 2020 to January 2021 at the Children’s Heart Institute, Andhra Hospitals, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh. The study was conducted on mothers attending the out-patient clinic of pediatric cardiology department using convenient sampling technique. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect the data.Results: A total of 161 mothers have participated in the survey and, almost all of them (99.3%) have restricted one or more food item during lactation. Age of the mother, level of education and socio-economic status have no bearing on the prevalence of food restrictions and food taboos. Most commonly restricted food items include sweets, fruits, leafy vegetables, yogurt, some pulses, eggs and nuts. The concept of hot and cold food items is highly prevalent in the study population and lactating mothers have no knowledge of the nutritive value of the foods avoided/restricted.Conclusions:Food restrictions and taboos associated with food intake during post-partum period are widespread in our study population. Improving girl child education and campaigning through print and digital media are important tools in fighting against harmful traditional practices interfering with adequate nutrition during pregnancy and lactation.