bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Watershed Governance from an Ecological-Socioeconomic Perspective: A Case Study of the Liaohe River, China
Authors: Guo Manman , Lu Xu , Ma Qing
Published: January 2024

Watersheds encompass not only ecological spaces but also socio-economic domains. Watershed governance constitutes a distinct form of ecological restoration, and the efficacy of assessing its ecological benefits contributes to the harmonious development of ecosystems and social systems. Utilizing the Liaohe River Basin in China as a case study, this research explores a novel methodology for ecological benefit assessment. Firstly, we assessed the ecological benefits of watershed governance by using the uint-value transfer method corrected by the ecological, economic and socio-political indicators: the total ESV of Liaohe River Basin increased from 82.99 billion yuan in 2010 to 93.57 billion yuan in 2015, and then to 105.59 billion yuan in 2020, with the growth space of ESV had spread from lines to ribbons along rivers, from mainstreams to tributaries, and from scattered points to contiguous patches in watersheds. Secondly, the new assessment units were redefined by the way of “Watershed + District”, which combining ecological integrity and governance feasibility. Finally, by calculating coupling coordination degree of land use-cover change (LUCC) and ecosystem services values (ESV), we identified the more efficient types of LUCC and the methods of ecological restoration. By comprehensively considering the ecological attributes and socio-economic attributes of watershed governance, our study not only assessed the ecological benefits of watershed governance but, more importantly, provided a method for applying the assessment results to the organization and implementation of watershed governance.
Capillary Electrophoresis-Based Immobilized Enzyme Microreactor Utilizing Pepsin for Bottom-Up Proteomics
Authors: Ghafourifar Golfam , Frey Connor , Arad Maor , Ku Kenneth , Hare Rhien
Published: January 2024

In this study, we introduced a novel method for pepsin immobilization through investigation into three different coupling reactions, aiming to simplify peptide mapping. We initially determined the optimal enzyme-to-substrate ratio to be 1:0.1 (mass:mass) for highest peptidic peak count via UV-detection. The study began with three coupling strategies, the triethoxysilylbutyraldehyde derivative, 4-triethoxysilylbutanoic acid (4-TESBA) approach proving most effective. The resultant coupled enzyme particles (CEPs) showcased robustness and fast digestion at varying temperatures. We streamlined the CEP wash procedure from our previous work, while maintaining the quality of digestions. The physical size of CEPs did not correlate to digestion efficiency, providing insights for potential cost-saving in enzyme utilization. Further optimization led to an immobilization efficiency of 50.8 ± 7.7% (SEM) as validated by Bradford’s assay. Adapting this method for in-situ immobilized enzyme microreactor (IMER) fabrication, we discovered that 4-TESBA could dual-serve by functionalizing the silica capillary’s inner wall while simultaneously acting as an enzyme coupler, plus being a safer alternative to 3-(Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES). A dipeptide was successfully fully cleaved, and a variety of proteins were digested with the IMER. The bovine serum albumin (BSA) digestion through the IMER, mirroring CEP digestion conditions, yielded a 33-40% primary sequence coverage per LC-MS/MS analysis in as short as 15 minutes. Our findings underscore the potential of our method in both CEP and IMER fabrication scenarios, paving the way for enhanced analysis and a reduction in enzyme usage, thereby contributing to more cost-effective and timely proteomic investigations.
Perspectives of Refugee Parents and Unaccompanied Minors on Initial Health Assessment and Access to Care
Authors: Baauw Albertine , Brouwers Chanine F.S. , Afshar Sogol Fathi , Goudoever Johannes B. , Chinapaw Mai J.M. , Hoogsteder Mariëtte H.H.
Published: January 2024

Purpose
To explore needs, expectations and experiences of asylum-seeking parents and unaccompanied minors under the age of 18 years on the initial health assessment for children and adolescents, and access to care upon entry in the Netherlands.
Methods
We conducted five semi-structured focus group discussions with asylum seeking parents and unaccompanied minors, from Syria, Eritrea, Afghanistan and other middle-east and African countries, supported by professional interpreters. To triangulate findings, semi-structured interviews with health care professionals involved in care for refugee children were conducted. Transcripts of focus group discussions were inductively and deductively coded and content analysed, transcripts of interviews were deductively coded and content analysed.
Results
In total, 31 asylum seeking participants: 23 parents of 101 children (between 0–18 years old), 8 unaccompanied minors (between 15–17 years) and 6 healthcare professionals participated. Parents and minors expressed that upon entry, their needs were met for vaccinations, but not for screening or care for physical and mental health problems. Parents, minors and health professionals emphasized the necessity of appropriate information and education about health, diseases and the health system. Cultural change was mentioned as stressful for parent-child interaction and parental well-being.
Conclusion
The perspectives of refugee parents and unaccompanied minors revealed opportunities to improve the experience of and access to health care of refugees entering the Netherlands, especially risk-specific screening and more adequate education about health, diseases and the Dutch health care system.
A Multivariate Logistic Regression Model for Severity Classification at Admission among 1098 COVID-19 Patients in Gansu Province
Authors: chen yan , zhang liying , zhang shangzu , li yangyang , yang gengqiang , li qiyang , liu fuxian , wang xin , yong wenxing , zhang zhiming , liu yongqi
Published: January 2024

Background
By analyzing clinical characteristics and laboratory results among patients infected with severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron strains, this study aimed to investigate influencing factors of severity classification at admission in order to provide references for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2.
Methods
A total of 1,098 patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strains from July 2022 to August 2022 in Lanzhou city, Gansu Province were retrospectively analyzed.
Results
All patients received traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) intervention, including 510 males and 588 females. 918 (83.683%) had no fever symptoms. Age, underlying diseases and vaccination were the most significant factors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. Specifically, age was positively correlated with moderate and severe COVID-19 while number of vaccinations had negative impact on classification at admission. For each additional unit of COVID-19 vaccination, the risk of mild, moderate and severe classification decreased by 0.532, 0.530 and 0.183 times, respectively. Besides, compared with unvaccinated patients, patients with underlying diseases were more likely to develop into critical COVID-19. Early use of TCM in the exposed population might be one of the reasons for the mild symptoms in this study.
Conclusions
Age, underlying diseases, number of COVID-19 vaccinations were three main risk factors of severity classification among COVID-19 patients at admission. We highly recommended to focus on and strengthen control for elderly patients with chronic underlying diseases, as well as the unvaccinated patients, followed by actively antiviral and control treatment. Vaccination and TCM intervention in advance might play an important role in the prevention of COVID-19.
Adam - Bayesian - Gaussian process regression based Monte Carlo simulation reliability analysis of deep soft rock tunnel
Authors: Xu Jiancong , Yang Chengbin , Rui Guorong
Published: January 2024

To evaluate the reliability of deep soft rock tunnels is a very important issue to be solved. In this paper, we proposed a novel Monte Carlo simulation reliability analysis method (MCS-RAM) integrating adaptive momentum stochastic optimization algorithm (Adam), Bayesian inference theory and Gaussian process regression (GPR) ——ABGPR-MCS-RAM, and implemented it by Python. The proposed method used the Latin hypercube sampling method to generate the dataset sample of geo-mechanical parameters, constructed combined kernel functions of GPR and adopted GPR to establish the surrogate model of the nonlinear mapping relationship between displacements and mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock. Adam was used to optimize the hyper-parameters of the surrogate model. Bayesian inference algorithm was used to obtain the probability distribution of geotechnical parameters and the optimal surrounding rock mechanical parameters. Finally, the failure probability was computed by the MCS-RAM based on the optimized surrogate model. Through the application of engineering case, the results indicate that the proposed method has less prediction error and stronger prediction ability than Kriging or XGBoost, and it can significantly save computational time compared with the traditional polynomial response surface method (PRSM). The proposed method can be used in the reliability analysis of all shapes of tunnels.
Inactivation of Escherichia coli in soil amended with organo-zeolitic substrates
Authors: Noroozi Omid , Sinegani Ali Akbar Safari , Farhangi Mohammad Bagher
Published: January 2024

This study evaluated the survival characteristics ofEscherichia coli(E. coli), a fecal indicator bacterium, in soil treated with organo-zeolitic substrates with different zeolite particle sizes in micro and nanoscale. For this purpose, we added 5, and 15 grams (g) zeolite or nano-zeolite to 5 g cow manure, and then added these substrates to the different amounts of a loam soil to obtain a 100 g mixture. To examine the net effects of substrates, our experiments were conducted in unsterile and sterile conditions. After the mixture’s preparation, all mixtures were inoculated by 106cells of a nalidixic-acid resistantE. coli(E. coliNAR) per g mixtures. Results showed that the application of organo-zeolitic substrates and sterilization significantly influencedE. coliNAR inactivation in soil. in unsterile mixtures, the presence of micro-size zeolite results in a highertdvalue, and in sterile mixtures,E. coliNAR survived more in mixtures containing nano-zeolite. These results clearly showed that competition and the presence of nutrient resources are the most important factors that control the inactivation of fecal bacteria in soil. These findings could have important implications for soil management and agricultural practices, as well as for the development of new soil remediation strategies.
Serum leptin and adiponectin function as indicators of allergic sensitization in pediatric adenotonsillar hypertrophy
Authors: Li Chaojie , Guo Ruixiang , Liu Yanyan , Yang Yan , Ni Shou jie , Sun Xiaojing , Zhang Yijing , Liu huayang , Zhao Zehua , Li Yanzhong , Zou Juanjuan , Wang Yan , Lei Dapeng
Published: January 2024

Purpose:Obesity is commonly linked to both adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH) and allergic disorders, in which the roles of adipokines are not fully illuminated. This study aims to investigate the levels of leptin and adiponectin and their associations with allergic sensitization in pediatric ATH.
Methods: Serum levels of speciﬁc immunoglobulin E (IgE), leptin and adiponectin were quantified in 35 controls and 111 ATH children, in which 54 were non-atopic and 57 were atopic. Spearman’s correlation analysis and polynomial linear trend test were conducted. The odds ratios and 95% conﬁdence intervals were calculated by binary logistic regression after multivariable adjustment.
Results: The serum level of leptin and leptin/adiponectin (L/A) ratio was significantly increased in children with ATH. An increase in leptin level and L/A ratio and a decrease in adiponectin level were observed in atopic children compared with non-atopic children. Among ATH children, the level of adiponectin was negatively while L/A ratio was positively correlated with specific IgE. After multivariable adjustment, leptin was significantly associated with increased risk of atopy to D. pteronyssinus and D. farina, and adiponectin was significantly associated with decreased risk of atopy to willow and mugwort. Leptin was associated with higher odds while adiponectin was associated with lower odds of overall atopy. Besides, signiﬁcant multiplicative interactions of obesity with leptin and adiponectin on atopy were observed respectively.
Conclusion: Leptin and adiponectinwere both associated with allergic sensitization and function differently in pediatric ATH. Mechanistic studies are needed to elucidate the involvement of adipokines in allergic sensitization of pediatric ATH.
Introduction of RCA Pyramid model: A problem solving tool to achieve business excellence
Authors: Jena Madhab Chandra
Published: January 2024

Effective decision-making is a critical aspect of organizational leadership, with leaders dedicating significant time to review and shape the decision-making process. As leaders ascend in organizational hierarchies, their decisions increasingly impact the attitudes and behaviors of employees throughout the organization. Decision-making is a multifaceted process involving problem-solving, option selection, and the cessation of deliberation. Key factors influencing decision-making include the role of decision-makers, deviations from organizational goals, interconnected factors, and the availability of resources. This thesis explores the significance of Root Cause Analysis (RCA) as a methodology for identifying and addressing the root causes of problems in decision-making processes. RCA is a proactive approach aimed at preventing future failures by uncovering the underlying causes of issues. It comprises a systematic five-step process: defining problems, collecting data, analyzing data, identifying root causes, and specifying corrective actions. This research introduces a comprehensive problem-solving model known as the RCA Pyramid Analysis, addressing the limitations of existing RCA tools and providing a unified framework for identifying all causes in a single place. The study employs the RCA Pyramid model in a case study within a fiber cement plant located in Odisha to address the issue of low productivity. The model systematically identifies root causes and formulates an action plan with clear timelines and responsibilities. The results demonstrate significant improvements in productivity, cost of poor quality (COPQ), production cost, waste generation, energy consumption, safety, and environmental impact. This holistic approach to problem-solving, with a focus on root causes, yields far-reaching benefits, including enhanced product quality and employee morale. In conclusion, the RCA Pyramid model offers a robust framework for comprehensive problem-solving, contributing to organizational excellence. The case study exemplifies the model's effectiveness in improving productivity and various performance indicators. This research underscores the importance of systematic methodologies like RCA in addressing complex issues and fostering continuous improvement within organizations.
Hypertension prevalence and cascade of care in Iran: Updates from the STEPs 2021 national and subnational survey
Authors: Heidari-Foroozan Mahsa , Rezaei Negar , Malekpour Mohammad-Reza , Behnoush Amir Hossein , Ahmadi Naser , Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen , Masinaei Masoud , Azadnajafabad Sina , Ghamari Seyyed-Hadi , Rashidi Mohammad-Mahdi , Keykhaei Mohammad , Golestani Ali , Ghasemi Erfan , Farzi Yosef , Rezaei Nazila , Yoosefi Moein , Abdolhamidi Elham , Haghshenas Rosa , Nasserinejad Maryam , Daneshmand Mojdeh , Kazemi Ameneh , Moghaddam Sahar Saeedi , Rankohi Azadeh Momen Nia , Djalalinia Shirin , Farzadfar Farshad
Published: January 2024

Background
Hypertension (HTN) is rising worldwide. Accurate information about its prevalence, diagnosis, coverage, and control is essential for policymakers to implement effective strategies.
Method
Data were gathered from the nationally representative Iran STEPs 2021 study. ANOVA- test and chi-square were used to compare the prevalence, diagnosis, coverage, and control across the groups. Data were age-standardized. Multiple logistic regression with adjustments was performed. We also used the concentration index with concerning wealth index levels and schooling years.
Results
When using JNC8 guidelines, 32.0% (95% CI: 31.4–32.6), of Iranian adults suffered from HTN and it was more common in women (32.9% (32.1–33.8)) in comparison to men (30.9% (30-31.8)). While prevalence, diagnosis, and coverage were substantially dependent on factors such as socioeconomic status, lifestyle, age, and underlying diseases, control was independent of most of the measured variables. The distributions of HTN prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment were more concentrated in lower wealth index and years of schooling.
Conclusion
The prevalence of HTN in Iran is still high. Due to the grave consequences of hypertension, with it being a major direct and indirect cause of mortality, nationwide strategies to control its uprising prevalence are vital.
Investigating scouring phenomenon in complementary channels with screen plates
Authors: Daneshfaraz Rasoul , Nezafat Hadi , Abbaszadeh Hamidreza , Ebadzadeh Parisa
Published: January 2024

Recognizing the significance of scouring and implementing effective measures to mitigate and control its impact is paramount. This research delves into the examination of scouring downstream of hydraulic structures, employing screen plates as a pivotal component. To serve as energy absorbers, screen plates with varying aperture ratios of 40% and 50% have been strategically positioned at a distance of 1.5 m from the sluice gate. The primary focus is on evaluating the impact of screens on the maximum depth and length of the scour hole. Subsequently, a moving bed comprising particles of three distinct sizes (1.8, 2.6, and 5.2 mm) was selected. The outcomes of the study reveal that key parameters, including the thickness and opening ratio of the screens and their placement distance from the gate, significantly influence scouring. Notably, the maximum and minimum depths and lengths of the scour holes were observed in screens with opening ratios of 40% and 50%, respectively. Consequently, an increase in the opening ratio and thickness of the screens correlates with a reduction in the dimensions of scour holes, suggesting potential strategies for enhancing bridge resilience against scouring effects.
Prognostic value of arterial carbon dioxide tension during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients receiving extracorporeal resuscitation
Authors: Su Pei-I , Tsai Min-Shan , Chen Wei-Ting , Wang Chih-Hung , Chang Wei-Tien , Ma Matthew Huei-Ming , Chen Wen-Jone , Huang Chien-Hua , Chen Yih-Sharng
Published: January 2024

Background
Current guidelines on extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) recommend careful patient selection, but precise criteria are lacking. Arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) has prognostic value in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients but has been less studied in patients receiving ECPR. We studied the relationship between PaCO2 during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and neurological outcomes of OHCA patients receiving ECPR and tested whether PaCO2 could help ECPR selection.
Methods
This single-centre retrospective study enrolled 152 OHCA patients who received ECPR between January 2012 and December 2020. Favorable neurological outcome (FO) at discharge was the primary outcome. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the independent variables for FO and generalised additive model (GAM) to determine the relationship between PaCO2 and FO. Subgroup analyses were performed to test discriminative ability of PaCO2 in subgroups of OHCA patients.
Results
Multivariable logistic regression showed that PaCO2 was independently associated with FO after adjusting for other favorable resuscitation characteristics (Odds ratio [OR] 0.23, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.08–0.66, p-value=0.006). GAM showed a near-linear reverse relationship between PaCO2 and FO. PaCO2 <70 mmHg was the cutoff point for predicting FO. PaCO2 also had prognostic value in patients with less favorable characteristics, including non-shockable rhythm (OR, 3.78) or low flow time >60 min (OR, 4.66).
Conclusion
PaCO2 before ECMO implementation had prognostic value for neurological outcomes in OHCA patients. Patients with PaCO2 <70 mmHg had higher possibility of FO, even in those with non-shockable rhythm or longer low-flow duration. PaCO2 could serve as an ECPR selection criterion.
Acacetin targets STING to alleviate the destabilization of the medial meniscus induced osteoarthritis in mice
Authors: Xu Dingjun , Zhang Linjie , Song Chenyu , Zhang Dinglei , Xing Chunlei , Lv Juan , Bian Huihui , Zhu Minyu , Han Minxuan , Yu Yongsheng , Su Li
Published: January 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA), a widespread joint disorder affecting approximately 7% of the global population, is primarily characterized by the gradual loss of articular cartilage. This degeneration results from local inflammation, matrix depletion, and direct cartilage damage. A critical element in this cascade is the activation of the Stimulator of the Interferon Genes (STING) pathway. Emerging evidence underscores its potential as a therapeutic target, with natural products showing promise as inhibitors. This study centers on Acacetin, a basic unit of polyketides known for its anti-inflammatory attributes. Prior research has highlighted its potential interaction with STING based on the structure. Therefore, this study aimed to assess Acacetin's effectiveness as a STING inhibitor and its protective role against OA. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Acacetin pretreatment not only mitigated interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced cytotoxicity but also decreased the inflammatory response and degeneration in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. In vivo studies revealed that Acacetin administration significantly reduced articular cartilage destruction, abnormal bone remodeling, and osteophyte formation in a model of OA induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). Mechanistically, Acacetin was found to directly interact with STING, and inhibit IL-1β-induced activation of STING and subsequent phosphorylation of the TBK1/NFκB pathway in chondrocytes. In conclusion, our findings confirm that Acacetin is an effective inhibitor of STING, offering protection to chondrocytes against IL-1β-induced damage and attenuating the progression of OA in mice.
Hypergraph regularized nonnegative triple decomposition for multiway data analysis
Authors: Liao Qingshui , Liu Qilong , Razak Fatimah Abdul
Published: January 2024

Tucker decomposition is widely used for image representation, data reconstruction , and machine learning tasks, but the calculation cost for updating the Tucker core is high. Bilevel form of triple decomposition (TriD) overcomes this issue by decomposing the Tucker core into three low-dimensional third-order factor tensors and plays an important role in the dimension reduction of data representation. TriD, on the other hand, is incapable of precisely encoding similarity relationships for tensor data with a complex manifold structure. To address this shortcoming, we take advantage of hypergraph learning and propose a novel hypergraph regu-larized nonnegative triple decomposition for multiway data analysis that employs the hypergraph to model the complex relationships among the raw data. Furthermore , we develop a multiplicative update algorithm to solve our optimization problem and theoretically prove its convergence. Finally, we perform extensive numerical tests on six real-world datasets, and the results show that our proposed algorithm outperforms some state-of-the-art methods.
Functional differentiation and genetic diversity of rice CAX genes and their potential use in rice improvement
Authors: Lian Shangshu , Chen Yanjun , Zhou Yanyan , Feng Ting , Chen Jingsi , Liang Lunping , Qian Yingzhi , Huang Tao , Zhang Chenyang , Wu Fengcai , Zou Wenli , Li Zhikang , Meng Lijun , Li Min
Published: January 2024

CAX genes play an important role in plant growth/development and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we tried to obtain important information on the functionalities and phenotypic effects of CAX gene family by systematic analyses of their expression patterns, genetic diversity (gene CDS haplotypes, structural variations, gene presence/absence variations) in 3010 rice genomes and nine parents of 496 Huanghuazhan introgression lines, the frequency shifts of the predominant gcHaps at these loci to artificial selection during modern breeding, and their association with tolerances to several abiotic stresses. Significant amounts of variation also exist in the cis-regulatory elements (CREs) of the OsCAX gene promoters in 50 high-quality rice genomes. The functional differentiation of OsCAX gene family were reflected primarily by their tissue and development specific expression patterns and in varied responses to different treatments, by unique sets of CREs in their promoters and their associations with specific agronomic traits/abiotic stress tolerances. Our results indicated that OsCAX1a and OsCAX2 as general signal transporters were in many processes of rice growth/development and responses to diverse environments, but they might be of less value in rice improvement. OsCAX1b, OsCAX1c, OsCAX3 and OsCAX4 was expected to be of potential value in rice improvement because of their associations with specific traits, responsiveness to specific abiotic stresses or phytohormones, and relatively high gcHap and CRE diversity. Our strategy was demonstrated to be highly efficient to obtain important genetic information on genes/alleles of specific gene family and can be used to systematically characterize the other rice gene families.
Baseline Suvmax Correlates with Tumor Hypoxia and Patient Outcomes in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Employing Transcriptomic Gene Signature Analysis
Authors: Ding Jianming , Li Qian , Lin Yuhao , Zheng Xiaobing , Huang Chaoxiong , Hong Jiabiao , Fei Zhaodong , Chen Chuanben
Published: January 2024

Objective: To assess the prognostic relevance of the maximum standard uptake value (Suvmax) in Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), establish a gene signature correlated with Suvmax and explore the potential biological mechanisms underlying these associations for predicting clinical outcomes.
Methods: A cohort of 726 NPC patients underwent analysis to determine correlations between Suvmax and various clinical variables, including tumor stage, metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. RNA sequencing data was utilized to identify genes related to Suvmax, which were then used to develop a 'Suv-signature'. Additionally, transcriptome enrichment analysis was conducted to investigate the potential biological mechanisms underlying the observed correlations.
Results:Higher Suvmax values were associated with increased tumor burden and worse prognosis. The 'Suv-signature' consisting of 10 genes, showed a positive correlation with Suvmax and predicted poorer survival outcomes. This signature was highly expressed in malignant epithelial cells and was associated with hypoxia and resistance to radiotherapy. Additionally, the signature showed a negative correlation with immune function.
Conclusion: Suvmax is a valuable prognostic indicator in NPC, with higher values predicting worse outcomes. The 'Suv-signature' offers further prognostic insights, linking glucose metabolism to tumor aggressiveness, treatment resistance, and immune function, and may serve as a potential biomarker for NPC.
HLA-DR4Pred2: An improved method for predicting HLA- DRB1*04:01 binders
Authors: Patiyal Sumeet , Dhall Anjali , Kumar Nishant , Raghava Gajendra P. S.
Published: January 2024

Background
HLA-DRB1*04:01 is associated with many diseases including sclerosis, arthritis, diabetes, and Covid19. Thus, it is important to scan binders of HLA-DRB1*04:01 in an antigen to develop immunotherapy, vaccines, and protection against these diseases. One of the major limitations of existing methods for predicting with HLA-DRB1*04:01 binders is that these methods are trained on small datasets. This study presents a method HLA-DR4Pred2 developed on a large dataset containing 12676 binders and an equal number of non-binders. It is an improved version of HLA-DR4Pred, which was trained on a small dataset containing only 576 binders and an equal number of binders.
Results
All models in this study were trained, optimized, and tested on 80% of data called training datasets using five-fold cross-validation; final models were evaluated on 20% of data called validation/independent dataset. A wide range of machine learning techniques have been employed to develop prediction models and achieved maximum AUROC of 0.90 and 0.87 on validation dataset using composition and binary profile features respectively. The performance of our composition based model increased from 0.90 to 0.93 when combined with BLAST search. In addition, we also developed our models on alternate or realistic dataset that contain 12676 binders and 86300 non-binders and achieved a maximum AUROC of 0.99.
Conclusions
Our method performs better than existing methods when we compare the performance of our best model with the performance of existing methods on the validation dataset. Finally, we developed the standalone and online version of HLA-DR4Pred2 for predicting, designing, and virtual scanning of HLA-DRB1*04:01(https://webs.iiitd.edu.in/raghava/hladr4pred2/ ; https://github.com/raghavagps/hladr4pred2) .
Motor State Prediction and Friction Compensation for Brushless DC Motor Drives Using Data-Driven Techniques
Authors: Dasanayake Nimantha Priyamal , Perera Shehara
Published: January 2024

Friction compensation has become crucial for robust, dependable, and accurate position and velocity control of motor drives. Large position inaccuracies and vibrations caused by non-characterized friction may be amplified by stick-slip motion and limit cycles. In order to find the governing equations of motor dynamics, which also describe friction, this research applies two data-driven methodologies. Specifically, data obtained from a Brushless DC (BLDC) motor is subjected to the Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics with control (SINDYc) technique and low-energy data extraction from time-delayed coordinates of motor velocity to determine the underlying dynamics. Next, the identified nonlinear model was compared to a linear model without friction and a nonlinear model that contained the LuGre friction model. The optimal friction parameters for the LuGre model were determined using a nonlinear grey box model estimation approach using the collected data. The three validation datasets taken from the BLDC motor were then used to validate the resultant innovative nonlinear motor model with friction characteristics. Over 90% accuracy in predicting the motor states in all input excitation signals under consideration was demonstrated by the innovative model. Additionally, when compared to a system that was identical but used the LuGre model, a model-based feedback friction compensation technique demonstrated a relative improvement in performance.
A qualitative study exploring how vocational rehabilitation for people with multiple sclerosis can be integrated within existing healthcare services in the United Kingdom
Authors: Perez Blanca De Dios , Booth Vicky , Nair Roshan das , Evangelou Nikos , Hassard Juliet , Ford Helen L. , Newsome Ian , Radford Kate
Published: January 2024

Background
To explore how a vocational rehabilitation (VR) intervention can be integrated within existing healthcare services for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) in the United Kingdom (UK) National Health Service (NHS).
Methods
Data from 37 semi-structured interviews with 22 people with MS, eight employers, and seven healthcare professionals were analysed using a framework method informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and an intervention logic model.
Results
Four themes were identified relating to the structure of current NHS services, how to improve access to and awareness of VR services, the collaboration between internal and external networks, and the benefits of integrating VR within the NHS services. Participants identified several implementation barriers such as poor links with external organisations, staffing issues, and lack of funding. To overcome these barriers, participants suggested enablers such as technology (such as apps or online assessments) and collaboration with third-sector organisations to reduce the pressure on the NHS.
Conclusion
Significant organisational changes are required to ensure a successful implementation of a VR intervention within current NHS services. Despite this, the NHS was seen as a trustworthy organisation to offer support that can optimise the health and professional lives of people with MS.
Additive Manufacturing of Polymeric Pressure Die For Rotary Draw Bending Process
Authors: Kaleem Muhammad Ali , Steinheimer Rainer , Frohn-Sörensen Peter , Gabsa Steffen , Engel Prof. Dr. Bernd
Published: January 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) possess enormous potential to benefit the manufacturing industry. Presently, Rotary Draw Bending (RDB) is one of the most commonly used industrial process for bending metal tubes. RDB processes are carried out by using customized forming tools which are manufactured according to the shape and size of the tube. This research encompasses design and development of a pressure die by Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) technique. In this research paper, the additively manufactured pressure die is named as ‘AM-pressure die’. The material used to fabricate the AM-pressure die is a thermoplastic polymer (ecoPLA). The mechanical properties of ecoPLA are studied in relation to the process conditions of a RDB process. Feasibility of using AM-pressure die in a RDB process is conducted by stress analysis using Finite Element (FE) simulation in the software ‘Autodesk Inventor’. The design model is imported in tube solver environment of the software ‘PAMSTAMP’ and a complete RDB process is simulated. The AM-pressure die is practically fabricated by FDM 3D printer and experimentally tested on a RDB machine. Practical experiments verify the simulation results. The advantages accrued by using AM-pressure die in a RDB process are discussed. This is an application oriented research intended to widen the avenue of using cost effective and individualized forming tools in RDB processes.
High-performance and economic biodegradable composites based on polybutylene adipate terephthalate and modified lignin
Authors: Mai Van-Dung , Kwon Gihyun , Jang Yewon , Min Jiho , Han Jee-hoon , Kim Sung-Kon
Published: January 2024

Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) is a biodegradable polymer with promising properties, but its wide-spread application is limited by factors such as high cost, suboptimal mechanical characteristics, and slow biodegradation rate. In this study, these limitations are addressed by incorporating low-cost lignin, modified with an isocyanate compound, into PBAT via an extrusion process. By investigating the effects of varying isocyanate content on the lignin surface, the optimal modification conditions at room temperature are identified over a 48-hour period. Additionally, the maximum lignin content (5 wt.%) is determined within the composite to achieve a balance between mechanical, thermal, and biodegradation properties while also considering the economic and environmental feasibility of the polymer composite. The research delved into the examination of both the minimum selling price (MSP) and global warming potential (GWP) for all PBAT-mLigA composites. The optimized PBAT-mLigA composites exhibited a notable reduction of up to 7% in both MSP and GWP when compared to pure PBAT. The predominant determinants influencing the economic and environmental potentials of these composites are the pricing of PBAT and the ratio in which it is incorporated into the proposed composites.
Synergistic Anti-Tumor Efficacy Achieved by Reversing Drug Resistance through the Regulation of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment with IL-12 and Osimertinib Combination Therapy
Authors: Ding Huiqin , Wu Lijuan , Qin Huan , Fu Wenhui , Wang Yajun , Wu Mingyuan , Wang Jiangang , Han Yantao
Published: January 2024

Patients receiving osimertinib treatment typically develop resistance around the 10th month after initiation. The most common resistance mechanism is the C797S mutation. Competitive resistance mechanisms identified in T790M-deficient patients include MET amplification, HER2 amplification, aberrant FGFR signaling, BRAF mutation, abnormal activation of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), and downstream signaling pathway activation (RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR). In this study, we confirmed that IL-12 increases immune cell infiltration in tumor tissue, reduces the number of immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting MDSCs and their subpopulations, promotes immune cells to release more Granzyme B and tumor-killing factor IFN-γ, decreases tumor cell surface expression of PD-L1, improves the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, restores immune surveillance, and enhances cancer cell sensitivity to osimertinib. Simultaneously, the combination of IL-12 with osimertinib exerts synergistic and reversal effects on resistance by inhibiting resistance-related signaling pathways PI3K/AKT/m-TOR and RAF/MEK/MAPK. It may also exert anti-tumor metastasis effects by lowering VEGFR1 levels.
A discrete choice experiment for evidence-based decision-making to Explore Willingness to pay for Covid-19 vaccination
Authors: Tran Quang Vinh , Nguyen Tram Thi Huyen , Nguyen Hiep Thanh , Nguyen Binh Thanh , Pham Van Nu Hanh , Anuratpanich Luerat , Vu Truong Lam , Ta Anh Ngoc Phuong , Nguyen Hieu Thi Thanh , Nguyen Chau Duc Quynh , Nguyen Pol , Vo Nam Xuan , Truong Uyen My Thuc , Tang Hong Kim , Phung Nhat Duc , Vo Trung Quang
Published: January 2024

Covid-19 pandemic has caused a massive challenge for global healthcare systems. The longtime solution to prevent the spread of virus is to develop an effective vaccine. To com (WTP). The objective of the present study was to explore the WTP of people aged over 18 for Covid-19 vaccination through a discrete choice experiment (DCE) for evidence-based decision-making. A cross-sectional survey was performed during two mid-weeks in May 2020 in six southeastern provinces in Vietnam. A self-design three-part questionnaire was used to investigate the community. A DCE was designed with twelve vaccine profiles, each one involved four attributes, protection efficacy, duration, side effects and out-of-pocket cost. A binary logistic regression model was applied to predict the probability of choosing a given vaccine. Protection duration posed the highest effect on vaccine choice (prevalence weight 1.2109). The marginal WTP for 10-year protection is US$531.77 (95% CI: 284.31–1485.58). If the vaccine improved to 95% protection for 10 years and had no side effects, the WTP increased to $1466.79. When the self-paid cost increased from US$12.5 to 200, the probability decrease dramatically decreased approximately 21%. This study resulted a high value that southern Vietnamese residents were willing to pay for a vaccine against Covid-19. These findings support decision makers in the implementation of vaccine program in the future.
Optical method to preserve residual hearing in patients receiving a cochlear implant
Authors: Richter Claus-Peter , Cury Joaquin , Rivera Arnaldo , Schneider Rebecca , Tan Xiaodong , Tan Ray
Published: January 2024

Worldwide, thousands of patients with severe to profound hearing loss restore their hearing with cochlear implant devices. Newer developments in electrode design and manufacturing, as well as a better understanding of cochlear mechanics, allow for the conservation of critical structures, which often translates into serviceable residual hearing and improve device performance. Monitoring insertion speed and intraluminal pressure helps mitigate some of these challenges. However, the information becomes available after irreparable damage has occurred. Miniaturized cameras allow for real-time navigation, proper placement of the electrode, and preservation of these critical structures. We developed and tested a high-resolution optical system to navigate the intricate anatomy of the cochlea during the electrode insertion. Our device will be compatible with robotic platforms that are already available to insert these electrodes.
Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative electrospun nanofiber membrane promotes diabetic wound healing via macrophage modulation
Authors: He Jibing , Zhou Shasha , Wang Jiaxing , Sun Binbin , Ni Dalong , Wu Jinglei , Peng Xiaochun
Published: January 2024

Background
In the inflammatory milieu of diabetic chronic wounds, macrophages undergo substantial metabolic reprogramming and play a pivotal role in orchestrating the immune response. Itaconic acid, primarily synthesized by inflammatory macrophages as a byproduct in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, has recently gained increasing attention as an immunomodulator. This study aims to assess the immunomodulatory capacity of an itaconic acid derivative, 4-Octyl itaconate (OI), which was covalently conjugated to electrospun nanofibers and investigated through in vitro studies and a full-thickness wound model of diabetic mice.
Results
OI was feasibly conjugated onto chitosan (CS), which was then grafted to electrospun PCL/gelatin (PG) nanofibers to obtain P/G-CS-OI membranes. The P/G-CS-OI membrane exhibited good mechanical strength, compliance, and biocompatibility. In addition, the sustained OI release endowed the nanofiber membrane with great antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, the P/G-CS-OI membrane activated nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) by alkylating Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1). This antioxidative response led to macrophage modulation of mitigated inflammatory responses, enhanced phagocytic activity, and recovered angiogenesis of endothelial cells, finally contributing to improved healing of diabetic wounds.
Conclusions
The P/G-CS-OI nanofiber membrane shows good capacity in macrophage modulation and might be promising for diabetic chronic wound treatment.
Development of correlations between various engineering rockmass classification systems using railway tunnel data in Garhwal Himalaya, India
Authors: Azad Md. Alquamar , Najeh Taoufik , Raina Autar , singh Neelratan , Ansari Abdullah , Ali Mujahid , Fissha Yewuhalashet , Gamil Yaser , Singh S K
Published: January 2024

Rockmass classifications are an integral part of engineering design and excavation procedures of tunnels and other underground structures. These classifications are directly linked to ground reaction and support requirements, and various classification systems are widely used across the globe. However, as different classifications serve different purposes, it is imperative to establish inter-correlatability between them. Despite the availability of numerous rock mass classifications, there are still gaps in understanding the behavior of rock masses, particularly in complex rockmass conditions. The aim of this study is to bridge this gap by establishing an engineering classification for metamorphic rocks in the Himalayan region. Data from 34 locations along a 618-meter-long railway tunnel in the Garhwal Himalaya of India were collected to evaluate rockmass classes in an adit. Using this data, existing classification systems were reviewed, and new correlations were developed between different rock classifications. The study primarily focuses on local rockmass conditions and examines Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Q-system (Q), Rock Mass Number (Qn), Rock Condition Rating (RCR), Rock Mass Index (RMi), Rock Structure Rating (RSR), and Geological Strength Index (GSI). Our analysis indicates that certain correlations, such as RMR-Q, RMR-RMi, RMi-Q, and RSR-Q, are comparable to those previously established, while others, such as RSR-RMR, RCR-Qn, and GSI-RMR, show weak correlations. These deviations in published correlations may be due to individual parameters of estimation or measurement errors. Furthermore, we found that incompatible classification systems exhibit low correlations. Our study highlights the need to revisit existing correlations, particularly for rockmass conditions that are extremely complex, and the predictability of existing correlations exhibit high variations. In conclusion, our study contributes to a better understanding of rockmass classifications and provides a more comprehensive engineering classification of metamorphic rocks in the Himalayan region. By establishing new correlations between existing classification systems, this study can serve as a guide for future rock engineering projects and aid in developing appropriate excavation techniques.
Solid waste dumpsite leachate and contiguous surface water contain antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli with a high burden of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes
Authors: Adekanmbi Abimbola O. , Rabiu Akeem G. , Olaposi Adedolapo V. , Adeyemi Adedoyin O. , Akinlabi Olabisi C.
Published: January 2024

Background
Dumpsites generate leachates containing bacteria that may carry antibiotic-resistant genes, such as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). However, the contribution of dumpsite leachates in the environmental spread of ESBL genes has not been investigated in greater detail. This study aimed to quantify the impact of Ajakanga dumpsite leachates on the spread of ESBL genes through surface water.
Methods and Results
Escherichia coli isolates obtained from leachates in dumpsites and the accompanying surface water were evaluated for antibiotic resistance and for phenotypic ESBL production using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and double disc synergy assays, respectively. The detection of ESBL genes in the isolates was carried out using primer-specific PCR. Of the 32 isolates obtained from leachates and 12 recovered from surface water, 26 and nine were respectively positive for ESBL phenotype. Altogether, the 35 ESBL-producing E. coli carried blaCTX−M, while 21/35 (60%) carried blaTEM. None of the isolates harboured blaSHV. The ESBL-producing isolates showed a high level of resistance to the 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotics, with low resistance observed to imipenem and azithromycin.
Conclusion
This study found that ESBL-producing isolates from leachates and nearby surface water had identical resistance signatures which indicates that dumpsite leachates can contribute to the spread of ESBL-producing bacteria and their genes in receiving surface water. The review of the guidelines and operational procedures of dumpsites is highly recommended to forestall a public health challenge.