bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formas y/o tipos de trabajos para titulación
Authors: Reyes Nayade , Estrada Kelly , Valverde Jenny , Caicedo Yisel
Published: June 2022

Las formas y/o tipos de trabajos para titulación, deben atemperarse a la actualidad del siglo XXI y abordar las tendencias pedagógicas contemporáneas. Lo que, no significa dividir el objeto de estudio de una ciencia en el tiempo, es precisar las etapas fundamentales por las que ha transitado, e incluso desde el reconocimiento de la coexistencia de tendencias en un mismo periodo histórico determinado. El carácter científico del estudio tendencial de la Enseñanza de la Pedagogía, analiza las regularidades que se revelan en esta tendencia, a partir, de la sistematización de sus características y categorías pedagógicas esenciales. El propósito de dicho análisis es, generalizar una visión de la problemática educacional contemporánea para propiciar la orientación a la interpretación de los procesos pedagógicos actuales. Las tendencias educativas, se han conformado generalmente desde fuertes exigencias sociales y políticas, como las que necesita el Ecuador, todas ellas insertadas en tendencias universales, pero que en gran medida son reveladoras de un pensamiento independiente ecuatoriano. Por consiguiente, en el libro “Formas y/o tipos de trabajos de Titulación”, se contempla el marco teórico conceptual para una investigación teórica y práctica pedagógica que precise la fundamentación coherente de los presupuestos filosóficos, sociológicos y psicológicos asumidos desde su integración con la pedagogía, como fuentes esenciales para la construcción de nuevos conocimientos.
Método de proyectos: su incidencia en la práctica pedagógica de un grupo focalizado de docentes de ciencias básicas de Asunción y en el rendimiento académico de sus alumnos
Authors:   Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Paraguay, Jiménez Carmen María
Published: June 2022

El principal objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la incidencia de la aplicación del Método de Proyecto en la práctica pedagógica de un grupo focalizado de docentes de Ciencias Básicas y en el rendimiento académico de sus alumnos. La aplicación de esta opción metodológica constructivista permitió organizar los contenidos curriculares bajo un enfoque globalizador, que abarcó procesos completos del pensamiento, empezando con el esfuerzo de la idea inicial hasta la solución del problema. El enfoque de la investigación fue mixto y el diseño de ejecución Secuencial; Los resultados de este trabajo permitieron evidenciar una marcada tendencia de apropiación de este método por parte de los docentes que formaron parte de la población estudiada; ellos reconocieron haberse formado en su mayoría en el modelo conductista, por lo que, les fue difícil en principio aplicar este método constructivista, pero indicaron que, gracias a la formación continua recibidas sobre la utilización del mismo, pudieron aplicarlos, además refirieron que gracias a esta metodología didáctica pudieron llegar a más estudiantes y que aun, no teniendo recursos, les dio opción de utilizar su creatividad. Con respecto a la incidencia de su aplicación en el rendimiento académico, se evidenció importantes mejoras y los docentes, expresaron que no solo se ve mejorado el rendimiento, que, a su vez, los estudiantes se motivan y creen en lo que hacen, requisito fundamental para el logro del aprendizaje significativo.
Factibilidad de Implementación de una Industria de Tubos de Cartón para Alimentos en Asunción, Paraguay
Authors:   Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Paraguay, Fustagno Paciello Piero , Martínez Sánchez Carlos Santiago ,   Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Paraguay
Published: June 2022

El principal objetivo de este artículo fue determinar la factibilidad de creación de una industria maquiladora de tubos de cartón para alimentos en Paraguay, considerando los beneficios que traerá a nivel nacional y regional. Estos tubos están hechos a base de cartón y buscan, ofrecer protección al transporte y la manipulación de alimentos, para dar respuestas a necesidades de protección físicas, químicas o biológicas. Su otra función, es mostrar al consumidor, la información nutricional del producto o alimento. Una vez considerado los beneficios, se abordó la rentabilidad del negocio de los tubos, mostrando las proyecciones comerciales del negocio y el análisis del sistema de maquila en Paraguay, como una opción de implementación. Para el desarrollo del mismo se realizó una investigación con enfoque mixto, de tipo descriptivo y nivel exploratorio. Se prevé como beneficiarios directos a las empresas, multinacionales e industrias paraguayas y de países de la región que trabajen con alimentos y requieran tubos de cartón para la comercialización de los mismos. Se destaca que un gran porcentaje de la inversión va a la logística del tubo y que el monto disminuirá al contar con la industria en Paraguay.
Caracterización de la producción escrita de los docentes de educación escolar básica de Asunción y Gran Asunción
Authors:   Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Paraguay, Britos María Amelia
Published: June 2022

El principal objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la problemática de la producción escrita de los docentes de Educación Escolar Básica de Asunción y Gran Asunción – Período: 2015-2016. El enfoque de la misma, fue mixto (cuali-cuantitativo), tipo no experimental, descriptivo-narrativo de corte transversal. Las principales técnicas utilizadas fueron, la aplicación de encuesta, entrevista a expertos y la aplicación de una prueba de competencia sobre producción escrita en las tres instituciones seleccionadas; una de gestión pública, otra de gestión privada-subvencionada y otra de gestión privada. Los resultados obtenidos fueron; faltas ortográficas, de puntuación y acentuación, escasez de vocabulario, falta de concordancia, uso inadecuado de conectores, escasa profundización de ideas en los párrafos. Los expertos entrevistados coinciden en que la causa principal de la problemática de la escritura de los docentes es la falta de lectura y de calidad de la misma. estos resultados se plantearon para ser considerados por las autoridades educacionales para que se posicionen como políticas educativas.
Editorial Vol. 1, Núm. 1
Authors:   Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Paraguay, Jiménez Carmen María
Published: June 2022

La Revista RADEE de la Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola - USIL Paraguay, es de carácter científico y de periodicidad anual, en versión digital para la web. Nace con el principal objetivo de difundir el análisis de perspectivas educativas y empresariales de los principales promotores del mundo académico y empresarial.
Efectos del seguro de salud en las decisiones de gasto e inversión de las familias rurales en el Perú
Authors:   Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Perú, Ramírez Eslava Walter Raúl , Castillo Sáenz Rafael Alan ,   Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Perú
Published: June 2022

El presente estudio analiza el efecto de la cobertura del Segura Integral de Salud (SIS) sobre el ingreso, gastos e inversión en capital humano ante la ocurrencia de una enfermedad al interior de los hogares rurales peruanos a través del empleo de un modelo PSM-DID (Propensity Score Matching con Diferencias en Diferencias). Se encuentra que, ante un shock de salud, los hogares cubiertos por el SIS mitigan su riqueza -proxy del ingreso de largo plazo- al no desprenderse de sus activos para contrarrestar la ocurrencia de una enfermedad o accidente. Asimismo, se observa que, ante un shock de salud, los hogares cubiertos por el SIS experimentan en decrecimiento en su ingreso y gasto de corto plazo, respectivamente. Estas últimas relaciones precisan analizarse con cautela dada la fuerte fluctuación de ingresos y gastos de los hogares en el ámbito rural peruano.
Análisis de las exportaciones de servicios paraguayos al Reino de España 2019 - 2021 y futuras oportunidades de intercambio
Authors:   Universitat de Barcelona, España, Jara Ocampos Angela Monserrat , Villalba Ayala José Luis Marcelo ,   Universidad de Perugia, Italia
Published: June 2022

El presente trabajo de investigación busca interpretar las perspectivas del comercio internacional de servicios entre España y Paraguay al entrar en vigor su acuerdo multilateral. Este análisis corresponde a un estudio exploratorio mixto, con el cual se analizaron datos cuantitativos secundarios histórico de mercado y cualitativo como análisis de contenido comparado de acuerdos multilaterales. Dicho análisis fue elaborado a través de la consulta de sistemas de información de inteligencia comercial y estadística de fuente secundarias correspondiente a organismos oficiales, gubernamentales nacionales, supranacionales y periodísticos de ambos países y el mundo. La futura entrada en vigor del acuerdo implica muchos procesos de adecuación de las competencias de los profesionales paraguayos, para poder acceder al mercado de servicios español previos a su instauración como un establecimiento, y de periodos de adecuación para prestación en las modalidades transfronteriza y consumo en el exterior.
Influencia de la percepción del compliance según los estudiantes universitarios en relación con la competitividad de las grandes empresas
Authors:   Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Perú, Zentner Avala Cesar Enrique , Sánchez Chumpitaz Diego Sebastián ,   Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Perú, Campos Roldán Mayra Alexandra ,   Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Perú
Published: June 2022

El presente estudio tiene como propósito demostrar la relación entre las variables percepción de cumplimiento y competitividad de grandes empresas en estudiantes universitarios a puertas de su egreso en el año 2020. El estudio se llevó a cabo en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios próximos a egresar de universidades que se ubicaban en el distrito de la Molina (Lima, Perú) teniendo como instrumento un cuestionario que midió las principales percepciones de los estudiantes acerca de la relación de las variables percepción de compliance y percepción de competitividad de grandes empresas. Finalmente, la presente investigación busca poder dar un aporte a futuras investigaciones que deseen explorar acerca de la era del compliance y que sirva como base para muchas empresas que hacer negocios no solo consiste en competir por quien vende más, sino también por ser percibida como la más integra, ética y que siga estándares de cumplimiento normativo.
Educación basada en las evidencias (EBE). Una aproximación conceptual
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay, Alegre Brítez Miguel Ángel , Kwan Chung Chap Kau
Published: June 2022

A fin de contribuir a la reflexión sobre Educación basada en las evidencias, es necesario ofrecer una noción acerca de este término. Se habla de Educación basada en las evidencias cuando se identifican y toman en cuenta los hechos conocidos dentro del proceso pedagógico, coincidiendo con la concepción que establece al educador como perteneciente a la profesión docente y excluyendo el papel pasivo del alumno o estudiante. Se precisa que la EBE debe usarse como una estrategia metodológica adaptativa a las necesidades de los aprendizajes e implica evaluación continua para medir el proceso de aprendizaje. Se ofrecen además algunas consideraciones sobre el papel de los investigadores, y se indica cómo la metodología convencional de investigación puede ser modificado para observar nuevamente las evidencias de aprendizaje.
Editorial Vol. 2, Núm. 3 - Desafíos empresariales en la postpandemia
Authors:   Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Paraguay, Ferrer Dávalos Raúl Marcelo
Published: June 2022

La pandemia del Covid-19 además de la crisis sanitaria, ha generado una conmoción en los negocios alrededor del mundo generando enormes desafíos para los ejecutivos, con la abrupta caída de la demanda, la interrupción de la cadena de suministro, el desempleo, la recesión económica, las modificaciones significativas en las regulaciones y el incremento en la incertidumbre.
El comportamiento de compra en el mercado de smartphones que poseen las personas mayores a 18 años de la ciudad de Lambaré-Paraguay
Authors:   Universidad Evangélica del Paraguay, Chávez Adaia , Blanco Gisselle ,   Universidad Evangélica del Paraguay, Iberbuden Emilio ,   Universidad Evangélica del Paraguay
Published: June 2022

El presente artículo está basado en una investigación social de la incidencia de los efectos económicos ocasionados por la pandemia COVID-19 durante el 2020 sobre el comportamiento de compra de smartphones por parte de personas mayores a 18 años de edad en la ciudad de Lambaré, Depto. Central, Paraguay. Se presenta un breve análisis de las características de comportamiento del consumidor en este mercado, surgido luego de una recopilación de información regional-local y datos de investigación de mercado logrados por medio de encuesta online y focus group. Además, se mencionan, por un lado, lo aspectos sobre los rubros económicos más afectados durante el periodo analizado, entre ellos, los relacionados mayormente a servicios; y, por otro lado, el tipo de comportamiento de compra, el proceso conductual y los factores determinantes en el comportamiento de compra de smartphones.
Gestión directiva y estilos de liderazgo en educación superior. Una revisión de la literatura
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay, Alegre Brítez Miguel Ángel , Kwan Chung Chap Kau ,   Universidad del Pacífico, Paraguay
Published: June 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la literatura sobre gestión y estilos de liderazgo en educación superior y su relación con los oferentes y las necesidades educativas del sector. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica en la base de datos de Google Académico. Se seleccionaron tres estilos de liderazgo: autoritario, democrático y esclavista; y estilos de gestión: poder autoritario, participativo y deliberativo. El resultado del análisis indica una alta relación cualitativa entre la gestión y los estilos de liderazgo.
OS ARGUMENTOS ECONÔMICOS E AS LIMITAÇÕES AO SEU USO
Authors: Vidal Bernardo , Jorge Neto Nagibe De Melo
Published: June 2022

O presente artigo tem busca entender melhor o que são argumentos econômicos, e qual espaço eles ocupam na argumentação jurídica. Primeiro, delimitar-se-áo conceito de argumentos econômicos. Em seguida, será analisada a relação entre o argumento econômico e o argumento jurídico. Por fim, será abordada a questão da prova ou da força dos argumentos econômicos. Os argumentos econômicos, em última análise, são argumentos de fato, no sentido de que são produzidos a partir de fatos. Do ponto de vista da argumentação jurídica, argumentos de fato não podem ser utilizados sem que se verifique a verdade dos fatos. Sendo assim, é necessário provar os fatos que estruturam os argumentos econômicos. Como, então deve se dar essa prova? Utilizando-se de pesquisa jurisprudencial, analisar-se-ão julgados do Supremo Tribunal Federal que utilizaram argumentos econômicos, para concluir que seu uso deve ser compatibilizado com os valores trazidos pela norma jurídica, sendo de fundamental importância que tenham fundamentos fáticos substanciosos, como estudos empíricos ou base de dados transparentes que possam ser verificados pelas partes em litígio e pela sociedade como um todo. Do contrário, o argumento econômico torna-se fraco e contribui para deslegitimar a decisão judicial.TRANSLATE with x EnglishArabicHebrewPolishBulgarianHindiPortugueseCatalanHmong DawRomanianChinese SimplifiedHungarianRussianChinese TraditionalIndonesianSlovakCzechItalianSlovenianDanishJapaneseSpanishDutchKlingonSwedishEnglishKoreanThaiEstonianLatvianTurkishFinnishLithuanianUkrainianFrenchMalayUrduGermanMalteseVietnameseGreekNorwegianWelshHaitian CreolePersian //  TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster PortalBack//
OS DOIS CORPOS DO REI NO SÉCULO DA JURISTOCRACIA: PELO DIÁLOGO DO CONTROLE INTERNO E EXTERNO
Authors: Lima Lucas Correia de
Published: June 2022

No século XXI, tem sido cada vez mais comum o recurso ao controle jurisdicional para diversos fins. No âmbito da Administração Pública, o Judiciário tem sido chamado a intervir com frequência em processos de controle interno, exercendo intenso controle de legalidade que tem levado à anulação de decisões administrativas e até à substituição da figura do administrador pela autoridade julgadora. As relações entre controle interno e externo têm se mostrado em conflito, com resultados divergentes sobre os mesmos temas, contexto que gera insegurança ao cidadão e à gestão pública. A partir desse problema, este trabalho objetiva compreender as razões dessa divergência no exercício da relação entre controle externo e interno. Faz-se uma pesquisa prática de campo com instrumentos documentais sobre dados abertos de instauração de processos sobre temas de correição, no âmbito da Administração Pública, bem como sobre a quantidade de impugnações judiciais demandadas contra as decisões administrativas de controle interno, demonstrando e investigando a divergência das duas esferas de controle. Argumenta-se o excesso de intervencionismo de um controle sobre o outro e, ao final, propõe-se hipóteses de restaurar a atuação coerente e conjunta de cada âmbito de controle, preservando os limites de competência de cada um.
A AUTONOMIA DOS PACIENTES E A RESPONSABIIDADE CIVIL DO MÉDICO EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA
Authors: Costa Jessica Hind Ribeiro , Souza Paulo Bruno Bonfim
Published: June 2022

Resumo:  Com o advento da COVID-19 e das emergências provocadas pela pandemia, muitas questões relativas ao direito à saúde e ao tratamento dos acometidos pelo coronavírus no âmbito dos direitos fundamentais têm-se destacado. Justificativa: considerando a gravidade desse contexto hodierno e as consequências na relação médico-paciente sobre informações e tratamentos disponíveis, este estudo se faz atual e relevante. Objetivo: analisar a relação médico e paciente em observância à autonomia deste acerca de seu tratamento e a responsabilidade civil daquele, considerando o direito à saúde e o contexto da pandemia causado pela COVID-19. Metodologia: revisão literária via pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa documental a partir do raciocínio hipotético-dedutivo. Resultados: as possibilidades de mitigação da autonomia do paciente, quando de sua vontade (ou não) de se submeter a determinados tratamentos experimentais questionando a responsabilização civil dos médicos em caso de agravo da doença por conta da utilização de determinada medicação e/ou procedimento. Conclusões: a negação e/ou a omissão de informação do/ao paciente constituem-se violação aos seus direitos, tornando passível de responsabilização civil do profissional de saúde, no entanto, uma vez oportunizada a informação ao paciente sobre as etapas e as consequências possíveis de seu tratamento, não há consequência no âmbito indenizatório.
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DOS CRIMES DE FEMINICÍDIO NA AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Oliveira Manoel Rufino David de , Ferreira Tainá Ferreira e
Published: June 2022

No presente estudo, objetiva-se analisar como o feminicídio é criminalizado no contexto latino-americano, a partir de uma análise comparativa da legislação penal desses países. Primeiramente, foi realizado um diagnóstico do processo de criminalização do feminicídio nos países da América Latina, para, em seguida, comparar os crimes de feminicídio, em especial quanto à sua forma de incorporação legal e estrutura do tipo penal. Por fim, buscou-se refletir sobre as vantagens e riscos desse processo de criminalização. As ferramentas metodológicas adotadas foram a revisão bibliográfica e a documental, esta última realizada mediante uma análise comparativa das legislações penais dos países da América Latina e os seus respectivos tipos penais de feminicídio. Ao final, concluiu-se que praticamente todos os países latino-americanos criminalizam o feminicídio. Contudo, dependendo se a incorporação se originou de legislação autônoma ou de alteração do Código Criminal, se o crime de feminicídio consiste numa qualificadora do homicídio ou crime específico, bem como, se o tipo penal é mais específico ou genérico, as consequências no enfrentamento do feminicídio serão diferentes.
ANÁLISE JURÍDICA DO DIREITO À SAÚDE CONFORME O MÍNIMO EXISTENCIAL
Authors: Coelho Francisco Elias da Silva , Benício Márcio José Lima
Published: June 2022

A problemática da eficácia do direito à saúde atrai cada vez mais estudos jurídicos, por envolver uma gama de casos concretos que necessitam do Poder Judiciário para serem solucionados. Ademais, por ser um direito fundamental, ele deve ter aplicabilidade imediata. Entretanto, por carecer de uma prestação governamental, a questão orçamentária estatal circunscreve o campo de eficácia deste direito social, gerando um verdadeiro embate entre teses que tentam defender a dignidade daquele que reclama ao Poder Judiciário o provimento de um direito subjetivo contra entendimentos que deduzem que o limite orçamentário deve ser respeitado ao máximo para que a coletividade usufrua plenamente deste mínimo jurídico alvo deste trabalho. Desse modo, por meio de uma metodologia de pesquisa bibliográfica embasada com o pensamento de juristas das searas da filosofia jurídica e do direito constitucional, o artigo em foco objetiva informar como a aplicabilidade imediata do direito à saúde está sendo respeitada pelos Poderes Executivo, Legislativo e Judiciário. Por fim, o resultado da pesquisa indica que, mesmo havendo uma grande restrição à eficácia deste direito social pelo Poder Legislativo brasileiro, a jurisprudência, principalmente do Supremo Tribunal Federal, vem, cada vez mais, resguardando este direito em casos concretos.
O PAPEL DO MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO COMO FISCAL DA ORDEM JURÍDICA E A DENOMINAÇÃO DE PESSOAS VIVAS A EQUIPAMENTOS PÚBLICOS NO ESTADO DO CEARÁ
Authors: Mota Dornieri Lemos Diógenes Pinto , Melo Álisson José Maia
Published: June 2022

Recepcionada no ordenamento brasileiro pós-1988, a Lei Federal nº 6.454/1977 trouxe, em seu bojo, a proteção ao princípio da impessoalidade na gestão da res publica, proibindo os gestores públicos de atribuir nome de pessoa viva a bem público, de qualquer natureza, pertencente à União ou às pessoas jurídicas da administração indireta. Essa conduta, que ainda persiste atualmente, visa combater favoritismos e privilégios e implica no uso da máquina pública por administradores mal intencionados cujas práticas vedadas apenas satisfazerem interesses privados, desvirtuando-se do interesse e das finalidades públicas. Dentro desta perspectiva, cabe ao Ministério Público, como instituição fiscalizadora da ordem jurídica nacional, promover, judicial e extrajudicialmente, o controle de atos ilegais da Administração Pública, quando da inauguração de obras com nomes de pessoas vivas, conduta vedada pela Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil. Pesquisa-se, em especial, a atuação do Ministério Público do Estado do Ceará no combate às práticas de denominação de equipamentos públicos com nome de pessoa viva. A partir de uma abordagem dedutiva e pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, conclui-se pela existência de uma normatividade que veda referida prática e pela atuação positiva do Parquet estadual em coibir referidas práticas.
Nach der Nachhaltigkeit: Resilienz und Revolte in der dritten Moderne
Authors: Folkers Andreas
Published: June 2022

Nachhaltigkeit ist zu einem zentralen gesellschaftlichen Leitbild geworden, das verspricht, intakte natürliche Lebensgrundlagen für zukünftige Generationen zu erhalten. Im Angesicht sich zuspitzender ökologischer Krisen wird es allerdings immer schwieriger, diesen Anspruch aufrechtzuerhalten. Dieser Artikel beleuchtet die Grenzen und Paradoxien der Nachhaltigkeit. Er zeigt, dass die Hoffnung auf die nachhaltige Konservierung der Zukunft nicht nur immer unrealistischer geworden ist, sondern damit zudem alternative Handlungsoptionen in der Gegenwart verschlossen bleiben. Mit Blick auf das ambivalente Konzept der Resilienz weist der Artikel auf eine Alternative hin. Als Strategie, um auf bereits eingetretene Schocks und Krisen zu reagieren, kann Resilienz Orientierung für eine ökologische Politik nach der Nachhaltigkeit liefern. Der Artikel kontrastiert eine gouvernementale mit einer radikalen Spielart der Resilienz und lotet so aus, wie sich emanzipatorische Ideale in Zeiten ökologischer Krisen neu denken lassen.
Weder verleugnen noch verherrlichen: Für ein realistisches Verständnis wissenschaftlicher Praktiken
Authors: Vogelmann Frieder
Published: June 2022

Der grassierenden Wissenschaftsfeindlichkeit steht derzeit ein neuer, nicht minder schädlicher Positivismus gegenüber. Beide zeichnen ein unrealistisches Bild »der Wissenschaft« auf Basis einer idealistischen Erkenntnistheorie. Dagegen setzt der Beitrag eine materialistische Erkenntnistheorie für eine realistische Betrachtung wissenschaftlicher Praktiken, die deren Pluralität, Historizität und Kontextualität anerkennen kann, ohne den Verleugner*innen entgegenzukommen.
Comorbidities, Infections, and Mortalities of COVID-19 in Bangladesh During May-June 2021
Authors: Ullah Khan Ahasan , Akter Rumana , Khan Foyj Ullah , Khanom Shakhera , Das Bidyut , Khan Anayat Ullah , Afsana Ayesha Shiddika
Published: June 2022

Background: COVID-19 is the serious ruin of the current century that emaciated health, economy, and everyday life. Objectives: This research assessed the condition and relation of tests, infections, recoveries, and deaths of SARS-CoV-2 from May 1 to June 30, 2021. Methods: The research plan was carried out from May 1 to June 30, 2021 (N = 61 days) to state the position of Bangladesh towards widespread COVID-19. The information in this study was obtained from different government organizations. Results: The total cases, infections, recoveries, and deaths were 1100361, 149576, 136159, and 2864, respectively, during the study period. In May 2021, the total number of COVID-19 tests, infections, recoveries, and deaths was 439111, 36858, 49147, and 975, respectively. In June 2021, the total number of COVID-19 tests, infections, recoveries, and deaths was 661250, 112718, 87012, and 1889, respectively. The maximum number of COVID-19 infections was 1914 on May 4, recoveries 3870 on May 4, and deaths 69 on May 2. The minimum number of COVID-19 infections was 261 on May 15, recoveries 601 on May 16, and deaths 17 on May 26. The maximum number of COVID-19 infections was 8822, and recoveries were 4550 on June 30, while deaths were 119 on June 27. The minimum number of COVID-19 infections was 1447, and recoveries were 1667 on June 5, while deaths were 30 on June 3 and 7. In May and June, a positive correlation was observed between the tests and infections, recoveries, and deaths, and a negative relationship was found between a date with daily tests of COVID-19 (R2 = 0.8359, 0.2147, 0.1424, and 0.0035 and R2 = 0.6016, 1, 1, and 0.6488). At the 0.01 level of two-tailed Spearman, the relationships were positive and moderate to strong. The Spearman relationship for infections, recoveries, and deaths was 0.606, 0.756, 0.689, and 0.736. This research additionally showed a moderate to strong relationship between tests, infections, recoveries, and deaths of SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: COVID-19 has spread rapidly to 64 districts in Bangladesh. The continuing occurrence of COVID-19 infections has emphasized the importance of the quick and developed 118 laboratory diagnoses to limit its spread. In this situation, people should avoid public gatherings as much as possible and return home as soon as possible after finishing work.
Clinical Management of Appendicitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children with COVID-19
Authors: Rahmannia Maryam , Aminzade Dlnya , Sadeghi Ghohroudi Mohammad Hosein , Pourmontaseri Hosein , Hasani Ahad Hasan Syed , Ahmed Mohammed Mahdi
Published: June 2022

: The novel coronavirus that swept the world into a pandemic in 2019 has affected many aspects of health care. COVID-19 has infected about 263 million people across the globe and led to the death of 5.2 million people. Its impact on various organs is still vague and requires further research. The increase in hospital visits and administrations has accordingly increased exposure and risk of obtaining the coronavirus. Patients previously hospitalized and being treated with immunosuppressants tend to be very susceptible to serious respiratory infections from the novel virus. Amongst the diseases that require hospitalization are ulcerative colitis and appendicitis. Hospitalization from such diseases inevitably increases the risk and exposure to COVID -19 infection. This study analyzed the management and procedures taken in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Similarly, the effects of the pandemic on the pediatric ward and admitted children were also discussed and compared.
VIM, NDM, IMP, GES, SPM, GIM, SIM Metallobetalactamases in Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from a Turkish University Hospital
Authors: Tanriverdi Cayci Yeliz , Biyik İlknur , Birinci Asuman
Published: June 2022

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen, and carbapenem resistance is an emerging problem. The determination of resistance genes is vital for epidemiological purposes, and the early determination of carbapenemase production methods is also recommended. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the presence of VIM, NDM, IMP, GES, SPM, GIM, and SIM genes in P. aeruginosa isolates. Methods: In this study, 200 carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates were included. The DNA extraction of the carbapenem-resistant isolates was performed using the boiling method. Following the DNA extraction, optimization was conducted using the original primers. After optimization, the VIM, NDM, IMP, GES, SPM, GIM, and SIM genes were examined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results: The isolates were mainly identified from the tracheal aspirate cultures (34.5%). The PCR method revealed the presence of VIM in one of the P. aeruginosa isolates, and the NDM gene in one isolate using. None of the isolates was positive in terms of the IMP, GES, SPM, GIM, and SIM genes. Conclusions: In our study, two carbapenemase genes (VIM and NDM) were detected in the P. aeruginosa isolates.
What Does It Mean for a Robot to Be Respectful?
Authors: Babushkina Dina ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2022

Intelligent systems are increasingly incorporated into relationships that had, until recently, been reserved solely for humans, and are delegated the role of a partner, which, if human, would presuppose a system of normatively regulated interactivity. This includes expectations of reciprocity and certain attitudes/actions towards human actors, such as respect. Even though a robot cannot respect, I argue that it can be respectful. A robot can be attributed respectfulness (in the direct sense) iff its interactions with persons reflect the respectful attitude of the humans involved in its design and operation. Robot respectfulness is a compound of (a) robotic actions governed by principles that (b) reflect the attitude of respect for persons by humans involved in its design, implementation, and professional use. I define respect for persons as a commitment to core values that make someone a person (i.e., intellect, rationality of reactive attitudes, autonomy, personal integrity, and trust in expertise).
Pengaruh frekuensi ultrasonik terhadap mortalitas serangga perusak kayu Dinoderus minutus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)
Authors: Susanti Etik , Wiranto Aryo Seto Pandu , Ismanto Agus , Soesilohadi RC Hidayat
Published: June 2022

Dinoderus minutus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) merupakan hama utama perusak kayu dan bambu, dan menjadikannya sebagai relung ekologi. Pengendalian kumbang tersebut masih bergantung pada insektisida sintetik yang dapat memicu resistensi. Penelitian ini menjadi uji pendahuluan penggunaan frekuensi ultrasonik sebagai agen pengendalian D. minutus. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh frekuensi ultrasonik terhadap mortalitas D. minutus. Metode yang digunakan adalah pemaparan frekuensi ultrasonik terhadap imago D. minutus selama 7 hari dan 14 hari di dalam ruangan dengan suhu udara 28 °C hingga 29 °C dan kelembaban udara 70% hingga 81%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perlakuan frekuensi ultrasonik menghasilkan mortalitas sebesar 80,00% dengan durasi paparan 14 hari. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi ultrasonik dengan waktu paparan yang tepat dapat digunakan sebagai bentuk pengendalian D. minutus.
COVID-19 response in South African communities: Screening, testing, tracing and movement modelling
Authors:   South African National Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa, Modisenyane M , Madikezela L ,   South African National Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa, Mngemane S ,   Clinton Health Access Initiative, Pretoria, South Africa, Ramadan O P ,   World Health Organization, Nairobi, Kenya, Matlalal S ,   Clinton Health Access Initiative, Pretoria, South Africa, McCarthy K ,   National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa, Govender N ,   National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa, Nemungadi T ,   South African National Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa, Silal S P ,   Modelling and Simulation Hub, Africa (MASHA), Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Oxford University, UK
Published: June 2022

In South Africa (SA), the first case of COVID-19 was reported on 5 March 2020 from a traveller who had returned from Italy. Increases in COVID-19 cases and deaths necessitated the design and implementation of community screening, testing, and tracing as a control strategy. The SA government’s plans to implement community-based screening, testing, contact tracing and movement modelling during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic presented both opportunities and challenges. In this article, we present our experiences, opportunities and lessons for community-based COVID-19 response, anchoring these efforts in the primary healthcare system.
Images of bodily objectification in non-classical lyrics
Authors: Rakhmatova Alisa Mukhamatovna
Published: June 2022

The object of research in our article is body images in the lyrics of the non-classical stage of the poetics of artistic modality (in the terminology of S. N. Broitman). The subject of research in this article is a specific way of depicting a lyrical subject and/or a lyrical character, in which his body is experienced (comprehended, evaluated) by himself as something separate, independently existing (or the body of a lyrical character is comprehended by a lyrical subject as something independent in relation to his inner world, "soul"). The article examines various methods of bodily objectification in non-classical lyrics based on the material of a number of lyrical works of the twentieth century. The scientific novelty of the research is determined, firstly, by the insufficient study of the artistic specificity of bodily images in lyrics as a kind of literature in general, secondly, by the lack of clarity of the artistic specificity of bodily images in the lyrics of the non-classical stage of the poetics of artistic modality, and thirdly, by the unexplored phenomenon of bodily objectification in both classical and modern lyrics. As a result of the conducted research, a number of conclusions were made. 1. A common feature of bodily objectification in lyrics (with all the variety of its depiction in specific texts) is the following: the perception by the lyrical subject of his body / the body of the lyrical character as another (related to the outside world) while maintaining an actual connection with him. 2. In the works of non-classical lyrics, two main variants of the image of bodily objectification are distinguished: a) in the image of a lyrical subject /character, the body is opposed to the "I"; b) in the image of a lyrical subject / character, the body is opposed to the "I", as well as to a certain extent to the objectified inner principle - the "soul".
Fast bacterial growth reduces antibiotic accumulation and efficacy
Authors: Łapińska Urszula , Voliotis Margaritis , Lee Ka Kiu , Campey Adrian , Stone M Rhia L , Tuck Brandon , Phetsang Wanida , Zhang Bing , Tsaneva-Atanasova Krasimira , Blaskovich Mark AT , Pagliara Stefano
Published: June 2022

Phenotypic variations between individual microbial cells play a key role in the resistance of microbial pathogens to pharmacotherapies. Nevertheless, little is known about cell individuality in antibiotic accumulation. Here, we hypothesise that phenotypic diversification can be driven by fundamental cell-to-cell differences in drug transport rates. To test this hypothesis, we employed microfluidics-based single-cell microscopy, libraries of fluorescent antibiotic probes and mathematical modelling. This approach allowed us to rapidly identify phenotypic variants that avoid antibiotic accumulation within populations of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cenocepacia, and Staphylococcus aureus. Crucially, we found that fast growing phenotypic variants avoid macrolide accumulation and survive treatment without genetic mutations. These findings are in contrast with the current consensus that cellular dormancy and slow metabolism underlie bacterial survival to antibiotics. Our results also show that fast growing variants display significantly higher expression of ribosomal promoters before drug treatment compared to slow growing variants. Drug-free active ribosomes facilitate essential cellular processes in these fast-growing variants, including efflux that can reduce macrolide accumulation. We used this new knowledge to eradicate variants that displayed low antibiotic accumulation through the chemical manipulation of their outer membrane inspiring new avenues to overcome current antibiotic treatment failures.
Storage media and RNA extraction approaches substantially influence the recovery and integrity of livestock fecal microbial RNA
Authors: Koorakula Raju , Ghanbari Mahdi , Schiavinato Matteo , Wegl Gertrude , Dohm Juliane C. , Domig Konrad J.
Published: June 2022

Background

There is growing interest in understanding gut microbiome dynamics, to increase the sustainability of livestock production systems and to better understand the dynamics that regulate antibiotic resistance genes (i.e., the resistome). High-throughput sequencing of RNA transcripts (RNA-seq) from microbial communities (metatranscriptome) allows an unprecedented opportunity to analyze the functional and taxonomical dynamics of the expressed microbiome and emerges as a highly informative approach. However, the isolation and preservation of high-quality RNA from livestock fecal samples remains highly challenging. This study aimed to determine the impact of the various sample storage and RNA extraction strategies on the recovery and integrity of microbial RNA extracted from selected livestock (chicken and pig) fecal samples.

Methods

Fecal samples from pigs and chicken were collected from conventional slaughterhouses. Two different storage buffers were used at two different storage temperatures. The extraction of total RNA was done using four different commercially available kits and RNA integrity/quality and concentration were measured using a Bioanalyzer 2100 system with RNA 6000 Nano kit (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA). In addition, RT-qPCR was used to assess bacterial RNA quality and the level of host RNA contamination.

Results

The quantity and quality of RNA differed by sample type (i.e., either pig or chicken) and most significantly by the extraction kit, with differences in the extraction method resulting in the least variability in pig feces samples and the most variability in chicken feces. Considering a tradeoff between the RNA yield and the RNA integrity and at the same time minimizing the amount of host RNA in the sample, a combination of storing the fecal samples in RNALater at either 4 °C (for 24 h) or −80 °C (up to 2 weeks) with extraction with PM kit (RNEasy Power Microbiome Kit) had the best performance for both chicken and pig samples.

Conclusion

Our findings provided a further emphasis on using a consistent methodology for sample storage, duration as well as a compatible RNA extraction approach. This is crucial as the impact of these technical steps can be potentially large compared with the real biological variability to be explained in microbiome and resistome studies.
Improving Students’ Chemical Literacy Ability on Equilibrium Material Using Chemical Literacy-Based Teaching Materials
Authors: Sutiani Ani , Purba Jamalum , Musa Panggabean Freddy Tua , Nugraha Asep Wahyu , Syahputra Ricky Andi
Published: June 2022

Trends in science education policy in the 21st century emphasize the importance of scientific literacy as a transferable outcome. This study aims to analyze the use of chemical literacy-based teaching materials in equilibrium material to improve students' chemical literacy ability. The results showed that the chemical literacy ability of students who were given chemical literacy-based teaching materials was higher than students who were given general chemistry teaching materials. The biggest difference in students' chemical literacy ability is at the nominal level of scientific literacy, which is 8.24 points; followed at the conceptual scientific literacy level of 6.74 points and at the functional scientific literacy level with a difference of 5.61 points.
Importance of Serosal Fluid Cytology as an Aid to Primary Diagnosis: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sale Sheetal Maheshkumar , Mane Vaibhav Pandurang , Kadam Poornima Nandkumar
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Cytological study of fluids is an inexpensive, simple procedure and has significant utility in diagnosing neoplastic and non neoplastic lesions. The cytological examination of fluids in combination with physical examination helps identify aetiologic agents, follow the natural process of the disease and monitor the response to the treatment. Aim: To determine the diagnostic utility of serosal fluid cytology and analyse the incidence of neoplastic and non neoplastic lesions using serous fluid cytology. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study comprising 375 cases conducted in a tertiary care hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India, from August to July 2021. Purposive sampling was used to recruit the participants. All the patients with pleural effusions, ascites or in whom Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF), pericardial and synovial fluids examination was indicated were included. The provisional diagnosis was obtained from case sheets, including relevant clinical information. Smears were prepared from freshly tapped specimens without adding anticoagulants and were processed by routine, conventional smear technique. The data were analysed using the SPSS version 22.0 for Windows. Numerical variables were reported as frequency and percentage. The chi-square test was used wherever necessary, and the p-value less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The peritoneal fluid was the most common fluid collected in the present study, followed by pleural fluid and CSF. The malignancy rate in the present study was 19 (10.4%) of peritoneal fluid, 6 (5.9%) for pleural fluid, and 2 (4.1%) for CSF. Adenocarcinoma was the most common malignancy found in present study. Conclusion: Adenocarcinoma was the most common malignancy found in this study, which was in concordance with the research conducted earlier, where gold standard investigations confirmed the findings. In the peritoneal fluid, most of the patients had cirrhosis and tuberculosis. In pleural fluid and cerebrospinal fluid, most of them had tuberculosis and chronic inflammatory conditions, respectively. Previous researchers confirmed similar findings in their studies. It is seen that malignant and benign conditions like tuberculosis can be diagnosed well with effusion cytology.
Application of International Academy of Cytology Yokohama System for Reporting Breast Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology- A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sigamani Karthik , Chandran Nayana
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a rapid, minimally invasive and cost-effective procedure with a high sensitivity rate of 92-95% and high Positive Predictive Value (PPV) approaching 100% for the diagnosis of breast malignancies. International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama system for reporting breast FNACs had been established in 2016 to bring consistency and uniformity of breast cytology reporting. Aim: To classify the breast lesions according to the IAC Yokohama system for cytological reporting of breast lesions. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective six years study carried out in the Department of Pathology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences, Chinnakolambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India. All females breast FNAC cases reported during the year January 2015 to December 2020 were included in the study according to the inclusion criteria. Relevant clinical and pathological data including the FNAC reports were retrieved from the medical records of the department. Corresponding FNAC smears stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Papanicolaou stains were reviewed and double-checked with the FNAC reports. All those cases were grouped according to the IAC Yokohama System. Statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: Of the total 381 female breast FNACs, majority (60%) of them belonged to the age group of 21-40 years. The predominant presenting symptom was palpable breast lump (73%) and Upper Outer Quadrant (UOQ) was involved in 65% of cases. Out of 381 cases, 297 (78%) were benign, 52 (13.6%) were malignant and 32 (8.4%) were inadequate for diagnosis. Total 73.8% cases belonged to “C2” category and fibroadenoma was the most prevalent lesion. Pearson Chi-square test showed highly significant association between patient’s age above 40 years and the risk of having a malignant breast lesion (p<0.0001). Conclusion: FNAC is an effective diagnostic modality for preoperative diagnosis of breast lesions thereby facilitating proper treatment at an early stage of the disease. Also adherence to the standardised cytological reporting system like IAC Yokohama system will ensure quality assurance across various institutions, thereby strengthening the healthcare services.
A RANDOMIZED COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY OF BHUMYAMALAKI CHURNA AND MADHUKA GHRITA MATRA BASTI IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ASRIGDARA VIS-À-VIS ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING
Authors: Rao Sanju , Pushpalatha B. , . Sonu
Published: June 2022

Aim: Asrigdara Vyadhi mentioned as one of the Raktadoshaja Vikara. It manifests as excessive bleeding per vaginum, and its description is widely narrated in almost all the classical texts. In the present study, an attempt has been made to compare the effect of Bhumyamalaki Churna and Madhuka Ghrita Matra Basti in the Management of Asrigdara vis-à-vis Abnormal Uterine Bleeding. The present study aims to find a method of treatment that will impart a permanent cure without any side effects. Bhumyamalaki Churna is taken in present study because of its Raktapitta Shamaka and Yonidoshahara property and Madhuka Ghrita Matra Basti because of its Raktapitta Shamaka property. Method: The present study is taken up to evaluate the effect of Bhumyamalaki Churna (Group-A) and Madhuka Ghrita Matra Basti (Group-B) clinically and to compare the effect of both groups (15in each group) of diagnosed patients of Asrigdara. Results: The study revealed statistically highly significant improvements in both groups but comparing the symptomatic improvement of both groups, it was found that the average percentage of relief was higher in Group B,’ i.e. 70.09%, followed by ‘Group A,’ i.e. 66.09%. Conclusion: Madhuka Ghrita Matra Basti is more effective than Bhumyamalaki Churna in Asrigdara.