bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zur Psychologie von Nahtoderfahrungen in religionswissenschaftlicher Perspektive
Authors: Gripentrog-Schedel Stephanie
Published: September 2022

In zeitgenössischen religiösen Landschaften sind die Verschränkungen zwischen dem Bereich der Religion und dem Bereich der Psychologie und Psychiatrie vielfältig. In diesem Beitrag wird die psychologische Schule
der Transpersonalen Psychologie (TP) und speziell die Arbeit des Psychiaters und LSD-Forschers Stanislav Grof vorgestellt, um die Interferenzen zwischen psychologischen oder therapeutischen Diskursen und religiösen
Diskursen zu beleuchten. Von besonderem Interesse sind psychologische Ansätze zu Nahtoderfahrungen (NTE) und deren Produktion religiöser Imaginationen. Auf diese Weise skizziert dieser Beitrag die Grenzen zwischen
Wissenschaft und Religion bzw. deren Fließfähigkeit am Beispiel eines spezifischen Diskurses, wie er sich in wissenschaftlichen Ansätzen zu NTE in der TP manifestiert.

In contemporary religious landscapes, entanglements between the field of religion and the field of psychology and psychiatry are manifold. The psychological school of Transpersonal Psychology (TP) and specifically
the work of the psychiatrist and LSD researcher Stanislav Grof is introduced in this chapter to illuminate the interferences between psychological or therapeutic discourses and religious discourses. Of particular
interest are psychological approaches to ›Near-Death Experiences‹ (NDE) and the way in which they produce religious imaginary. This chapter will outline the boundaries between science and religion, or rather the
fluidity of such boundaries, using the example of a specific discourse as manifested in scholarly approaches to NDE in TP.
Institutional Capacity Development of Rural Tourism In Lombok Kulon Bondowoso
Authors: KUSUMA Dedy Wijaya
Published: September 2022

The Indonesian government has tried to develop tourism based on the potential and ability of people to manage tourism activities. This strategy is realized through the development of a tourism village, one of which is the Lombok Kulon Tourism Village in Bondowoso Regency. This study aims to determine the institutional capacity in developing Lombok Kulon Tourism Village. The study was conducted with a descriptive qualitative method. The results of this study indicate that at the organizational level, the POKDARWIS "Lombok Kulon" has shown functional capacity in aspects of external partnerships, aspects of tourism potential development, and aspects of promotion of tourism villages. While in the aspects of leadership and coordination, it shows a lack of capacity. While at the individual level, individuals have a functional capacity in pioneering the development of tourism potential. However, individuals have a lack of capacity in understanding and applying the village tourism concept.
Dysfunctional Audit Behavior Determinants
Authors: YESSIE Afly
Published: September 2022

This study aims to test several hypotheses regarding the influence of turnover intention, performance auditor, organizational commitment, locus of control and Times budget pressure on dysfunctional audit behavior. This research was conducted on auditors working in the Public Accounting Firm (KAP) Jakarta registered in Indonesian Institute of Public Accountants (IAPI) by using the dissemination of questionnaires. This study indicates that turnover intention, performance audit, and time budget pressure have a positive and significant effect on the dysfunctional audit behavior, while the locus of control and organizational commitment negatively affect the dysfunctional audit behavior. This research contributes to the development of science, especially in the field of auditing, the acceptance of dysfunctional audit behavior. The results of this study are also expected to be used by public accounting firms to consider when to hire new auditors so that companies can prefer those who have a high locus of control and have a high organizational commitment.
Measuring And Improving The Effectiveness Of ISO 31000 Based Erm In State-Controlled PSO - A Case Study Of Toll Road Operators In Indonesia
Authors: ALIJOYO Antonius , VORST Charles R.
Published: September 2022

Toll road operators need to implement effective risk management. This study focuses on how a State-Owned Enterprise (SOE) toll road operator assesses the maturity of their ISO 31000-based risk management practices by using an ISO 31000-based risk management maturity model, ERMA ISO31000 RM3. The study is predominantly based on a qualitative approach through document reviews, questionnaires, and interviews. The assessment result shows that the company's risk management maturity score reaches 3.62 (a scale of 0.00 – 5.00) or at the DEFINED level of the risk management maturity. The study also shows that the company's risk management process gets the highest score, 4.45, while the lowest score, 3.22, is for the company's performance management. By using the maturity assessment result, the company's management can develop a risk management improvement road map to assist their efforts in increasing the effectiveness of their existing risk management practices. Referring to the assessment result, the management can prioritize the improvement on low-score maturity attributes, such as their performance management, risk culture, resilience and sustainability, risk management framework, and management process, while maintaining their current practices of the risk management process, which has already reached a considerably high maturity level.
The Influence Of Managerial Ownership, Profitability And Leverage On Financial Distress
Authors: MINANARI Minanari
Published: September 2022

Financial distress is the stage of declining financial condition that occurs in a company prior to bankruptcy or liquidation (Platt & Platt 2002). The company can get out of this financial difficulty if the company has a strong determination to keep running its business even though it is in financial difficulty, on the condition that the company must really manage finances very carefully, thoroughly and precisely if this can be appropriately maintained. This study aims to examine the effect of Managerial Ownership, Return On Equity, Debt to Assets Ratio and Current Ratio on Financial Distress. The research object is property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia stock exchange in 2009 – 2019. The total sample used in the study is 14 companies. The method was purposive sampling and a total sample of 35 annual report data. The analysis technique used in this study was the classical assumption test and multiple regression analysis. Based on the results of the analysis show that the profitability ratio as measured by Return On Equity (ROE) has a positive effect and the leverage ratio as measured by the Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR) has a negative effect on financial distress. Meanwhile, managerial ownership has no effect on financial distress.
The Effect Of Raw Material Costs And Promotional Costs On Sales Volume
Authors: JAENAB Siti , MILE Yuldi , JURANA Jurana , JAMALUDDIN Jamaluddin , MUSTAMIN Mustamin
Published: September 2022

This article describes how the cost of raw materials and promotional costs affect the sales volume generated by the company. This research aims to find out that the cost of raw materials and promotion costs can increase sales volume. This study uses secondary data, obtained from the annual reports of each company with the years published 2018, 2019 and 2020. The number of observations is 105 data determined by the purposive sampling method. Multiple linear regression is an analytical tool in this study. The results showed that the cost of raw materials partially affects sales volume, the promotion also costs partially affect sales volume. Simultaneously the cost of raw materials and promotion costs affect sales volume. The raw material costs incurred by the company are used to produce products that follow market demand both in terms of quality and quantity, and the company can use promotional costs appropriately.
Contra Perceptions Of The Freedom Of Contract Principle In Law No. 2 Of 1960 Concerning Agricultural Products Sharing With The Community Ijon System In The Bonebeach Environment
Authors: BAKUNG Dolot Al Hasni , ABDUSSAMAD Zamroni , MUHTAR Mohamad Hidayat
Published: September 2022

Buying and selling is an activity that takes place and is inherent in every society in the State of Indonesia. Therefore, there are many rules that regulate the matter of buying and selling in Indonesia. Agreements made by the community in terms of buying and selling must be clear and have a legal basis because every agreement born of an agreement is bound by law, as stated in article 1338 of the Civil Code (KUHPerdt). Buying and selling also has its own way, including buying and selling in the ijon or ngijon system, namely selling fruit that has not been seen. This research is categorized into the type of empirical normative legal research, it is based on the issues and or themes raised as research topics. Empirical normative legal research uses case studies in the form of products of legal behavior, for example reviewing laws and their application in society.
Use Of Indirect Evidence In Disclosure Of Cartel Violations According To Business Competition Law In Indonesia
Authors: WIGANARTO Tri Utomo , GULTOM Elisatris , PERMANA Sudaryat
Published: September 2022

In cartel evidence, there are two approaches, namely direct evidence and indirect evidence . The Law on Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition in Indonesia does not yet regulate the use of indirect evidence as evidence to prove the occurrence of a cartel . The ambiguity of this regulation causes legal uncertainty in the use of indirect evidence in the decision of the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU). This study discusses the use of indirect evidence in disclosing cartel violations according to the Business Competition Law in Indonesia by harmonizing the ideal concept and studying the relevant laws and regulations. The method of normative juridical approach. The research specification is descriptive analysis. Data was collected by using Library Research and analyzed using qualitative juridical . The results of the study indicate that there is an ambiguity in the arrangement of indirect evidence in the case of business competition in Indonesia, namely cartels. Although further regulation has been regulated in KPPU Regulation Number 1 of 2019 concerning Procedures for Handling Cases of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition, this has not yet been regulated at the level of law.
Introduction
Authors: Everett Samuel Sami , Vince Rebekah
Published: September 2022

This chapter introduces the creative interactions between Jews and Muslims on both sides of the Mediterranean across time. It recognizes how interactions mostly draw away from narratives of conflict, trauma, and nostalgia. Maghribi countries are mostly affected directly by French colonialism. Thus, a deep colonial heritage of multilingual and transcultural spheres is apparent among Francophone countries, such as Algeria and Morocco. The interactions allow the exchange of accents and affiliation and the institutionalization of interfaith relations in political and religious factions. The chapter also includes the spectral presence of absence that was found following the Jewish departure from North Africa.
Retelling the Jewish Past in Tunisia through Narratives of Popular Song
Authors: Davis Ruth F.
Published: September 2022

This chapter details how narratives of a popular song could convey the Jewish past in Tunisia. Tunisian music had been in a state of decadence and decline due to an unprecedented vogue for Egyptian music imported by visiting celebrities and promoted by the burgeoning record market. Moreover, Tunisian musicians jumped on the bandwagon of imitating Egyptian music, dialect and costume. The chapter also discusses the representation of Jews in Tunisian cinema through the works of Yaakob Bchiri and Cheikh El Afrit. It highlights Afrit as the epitome of contradictions and ambivalence linked with the musical legacy of Tunisian Jews.
‘Free, but United’? Artistic and Political Issues of Intercommunal Solidarity in Tunisia and Algeria, 1940–1960
Authors: Gillet Fanny
Published: September 2022

This chapter tackles the artistic and political issues of intercommunal solidarity recorded in Tunisia and Algeria between 1940 and 1960. It notes how Tunisian artists fought over the definition of a new cultural identity during the moment of cultural identity. Tunisian artists came together to create a heterodoxic space autonomous from the institutional Salon de Tunis, while Muslim artists often depended on an asymmetrical system due to their fluency in cultural codes and easy access to social networks. The chapter explains Tunisia's entry into modernity is marked by deep inequalities among communities. It also includes the alleged incompatibility between concepts of abstract art and national identity in colonized countries.
Between the Comoros Islands and Marseille
Authors: Baage Silvia
Published: September 2022

This chapter explores the work of Salim Hatubou on bridging the trans-Mediterranean narratives of the Comoros Islands and Marseille. It also recognises how bridging narratives facilitates an understanding of contrasting and intertwined realities of a Mediterranean ville-monde. Hatubou used David Abulafia's distinction of Mediterranean to analyse the flow of migration to Marseille, including exile in postcolonial migrant literature and spatial practices. The question of belonging is apparent across Hatubou's work. Additionally, Hatubou's Mediterranean bridging narratives open up a new space in French and francophone literature while covering the harsh realities of Marseille and the rural landscape of the Comoros Islands.
Between the Castle and the Town Hall
Authors: Cieśla Maria
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines the functioning of the kahal from the perspective of municipal politics, analysing the division of power between the nobility, the municipality, and the Jewish community. It explores the dependence of the kahal on the local municipal authorities and the way the contacts between these bodies worked in practice, how power and obligations were divided in the context of the government of the town, and how conflicts between the kahal and the town authorities were resolved. Here, Słuck (Slutsk) is taken as a case study. This town, located in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, was the home of a large Jewish community, which played a significant role in Jewish community life in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Above all, the chapter examines the actions of the Jewish community from the perspective of Christians — the municipality and the owner of the town.
Jewish Delegates at the Noble Sejm and Sejmiki between the Sixteenth and Eighteenth Centuries
Authors: Michałowska-Mycielska Anna
Published: September 2022

This chapter explores the influence of the parliaments (sejms) and local assemblies of the nobility (sejmiki) on the situation of Jews in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, deciding, above all, policy on Jewish settlement and economic activity and establishing the level of taxation to be paid by the Jewish population. The resolutions proposed by the sejm and the sejmiki had both a normative and an aspirational character and thus illustrate both the Jews' true position in the commonwealth and the nobility's attitude towards Jewish issues. Resolutions often dealt simultaneously with a large range of topics, and, in them, legal provisions, arguments both rational and religious, and stereotypical views of Jews were randomly intermingled. Among the issues affecting Jews, fiscal matters, especially the assessment and collection of the Jewish poll tax, were most discussed by the nobility in the sejm and sejmiki. A second group of resolutions dealt with Jewish economic activity. Yet a third dealt with religious matters and contact between Jews and Christians. The chapter shows how the resolutions of the sejm and sejmiki reveal that noble opinion was in no way consistent and that the nobles were primarily motivated by economic considerations.
‘Masters of their own offerings no more’
Authors: Guesnet François
Published: September 2022

This chapter investigates the impact of the abolition of the kahal in the Kingdom of Poland from the point of view of Jewish perceptions of how Jewish communities should function within the wider administrative and societal fabric of the state and who should run them after the abolition of the traditional institutions of community government. In the eyes of the leading members of the community, the abolition of the kahal and the introduction of the synagogue supervisory board constituted a serious undermining of the formerly honourable role of community leader. The chapter also shows that there was considerable reluctance to abandon the traditional institutional form of community organisation. All the evidence points to attempts by the major Jewish communities in the Kingdom of Poland to comply with the basic administrative requirements of introducing synagogue supervisory boards, not least in order to make it possible for traditional ḥevrot to continue their activities with as little hindrance as possible. If the synagogue supervisory boards gained in importance and acquired new functions in the course of the nineteenth century, this was, above all, because, in many communities, individuals with integrationist or reformist agendas saw them as a tool to gain leverage in situations where they were greatly outnumbered by the observant majority, as was the case in practically all Jewish communities in the Kingdom of Poland.
Polish–Jewish Relations in Lwów City Council during the Period of Galician Autonomy, 1870–1914
Authors: Sroka Łukasz Tomasz
Published: September 2022

This chapter explores controversies in Galicia, the Austrian-occupied zone of pre-partition Poland, and its provincial capital, Lwów (Lviv). Its population was made up of just over a half Roman Catholics, just under a third Jews, one-sixth Byzantine Rite Greek Catholics, and a smattering of Protestants and other religions. Lwów, along with Czerniowce (Chernivtsy) and Kraków, had the highest proportion of Jewish inhabitants of the cities of the Habsburg empire. The chapter shows how many of the Polish inhabitants of Galicia opposed the 1867 Jewish emancipation, claiming it was premature. The fact that they had no influence on the changes only confirmed their opinion that the changes were ‘contrary to Polish interests’. These changes, to which the overwhelming majority of the people had been looking forward, were thus accompanied by numerous national, ethnic, and religious conflicts.
Gathering
Authors: Maddrey Joseph
Published: September 2022

This chapter recounts how the film Brainstorm began with a generation of geeks as America's so-called Baby Boomers grew up on a steady diet of fantastic genre films and Space Age epics like Destination Moon. Brainstorm screenwriter Bruce Joel Rubin experienced a golden era of science fiction cinema as it was ushered in during the 1950s. The chapter discusses science fiction, particularly stories about what the mind really is, and what human beings are capable of, which have fascinated Bruce Rubin. It also mentions Francis Thompson's 18-minute documentary To Be Alive!, which was a compilation of footage shot around the world, and intended to illustrate the universality of human experience as it progressed from images of children at play to adult artists at work. The chapter refers to Aldous Huxley's 1945 book The Perennial Philosophy, which is a cross-cultural anthology of writings about religious transcendence that came as a revelation to Bruce Rubin.
Lyα Escape from Low-mass, Compact, High-redshift Galaxies
Authors: Pucha Ragadeepika , Reddy Naveen A. , Dey Arjun , Juneau Stéphanie , Lee Kyoung-Soo , Prescott Moire K. M. , Shivaei Irene , Hong Sungryong
Published: September 2022

We investigate the effects of stellar populations and sizes on Lyα escape in 27 spectroscopically confirmed and 35 photometric Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z ≈ 2.65 in seven fields of the Boötes region of the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey. We use deep HST/WFC3 imaging to supplement ground-based observations and infer key galaxy properties. Compared to typical star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at similar redshifts, the LAEs are less massive (M
⋆ ≈ 107–109
M
⊙), younger (ages ≲1 Gyr), smaller (r

e
< 1 kpc), and less dust-attenuated (E(B−V) ≤ 0.26 mag) but have comparable star formation rates (SFRs ≈ 1–100 M
⊙ yr−1). Some of the LAEs in the sample may be very young galaxies having low nebular metallicities (Z
neb ≲ 0.2 Z
⊙) and/or high ionization parameters (

log
(
U
)

≳

−
2.4

). Motivated by previous studies, we examine the effects of the concentration of star formation and gravitational potential on Lyα escape by computing SFR surface density, ΣSFR, and specific SFR surface density, ΣsSFR. For a given ΣSFR, the Lyα escape fraction is higher for LAEs with lower stellar masses. The LAEs have a higher ΣsSFR, on average, compared to SFGs. Our results suggest that compact star formation in a low gravitational potential yields conditions amenable to the escape of Lyα photons. These results have important implications for the physics of Lyα radiative transfer and for the type of galaxies that may contribute significantly to cosmic reionization.
Slit-skin smear for the classification of leprosy; are we wasting time and resource?
Authors: Demsiss Wondmagegn , Van Henten Saskia , Takarinda Kudakwashe Collin , Kamau Edward Mberu , Abdela Seid Getahun
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Leprosy is a chronic neglected tropical disease, classified into two groups: multibacillary (MB) and paucibacillary (PB) leprosy based on the number of skin lesions and nerve involvement. A positive skin slit smear (SSS) result automatically puts a patient in the MB category. Although guidelines do not recommend routine use of SSS for classification and diagnosis of leprosy, it is performed for most patients in Ethiopia. However, the added value of performing SSS for the classification of leprosy on top of clinical classification is unclear.

Methodology: A cross sectional study was done using routine laboratory and clinical data from September 2018 to January 2020 at Boru Meda General Hospital, Ethiopia. All newly diagnosed leprosy cases were included. Descriptive statistics were performed to calculate frequencies and proportions.

Results: We included 183 new leprosy patients in our study, of which 166/183 (90.7%) were MB patients and 17/183 (9.3%) were PB patients. All clinical PB cases and 150/166 (90.4%) clinical MB patients had SSS done. All PB patients had negative SSS result and 68 (45.3%) clinical MB patients had a positive result. Based on the SSS, no patient with a clinical classification of PB was reclassified to MB.

Conclusions: SSS microscopy was performed routinely for all leprosy cases without changing the classification and management of patients in Boru Meda Hospital. Therefore, we recommend restricted and rational use of the SSS for PB cases in which SSS could change management.
Mycetoma patients in Ethiopia: case series from Boru Meda Hospital
Authors: Tilahun Zewdu Feleke , Getahun Abdela Seid , Takarinda Kudakwashe C , Kamau Edward Mberu , Van Griensven Johan , Van Henten Saskia
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Mycetoma is a chronic infection that can affect the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and bone. Although Ethiopia is in the so-called mycetoma belt, very little has been published about the disease in Ethiopia. There are no data about mycetoma in Ethiopia yet. Here, we present the first detailed description of mycetoma patients in Ethiopia.

Cases presentation: Seven cases of clinically diagnosed mycetoma from Boru Meda Hospital are described. All patients presented with swelling of the foot, although sinuses and grains were identified for only one patient. Patients presented late with a median lesion duration of five years, and most had previously tried modern or traditional treatment. Differentiation between lesions of bacterial or fungal origin was not possible in our hospital, and therefore all patients were started on combined treatments of antifungals and antibiotics.

Conclusions: We confirm that mycetoma is present in Ethiopia, although there is no formal reporting system. Well-designed systematic studies are warranted to determine the exact burden of mycetoma in Ethiopia. A national strategy for mycetoma disease control should be designed with a focus on reporting, diagnosis, and management.
Two new species and a new record of the Encarsia longifasciata-group (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) from Malaysia and China
Authors: Geng Hui , Li Cheng-De , Polaszek Andrew , Liu Si-Zhu
Published: September 2022

The genus Encarsia Förster, 1878, which is the largest genus of the family Aphelinidae, contains 453 valid species worldwide. Most species of Encarsia with known biology are primary endoparasitoids of Aleyrodidae and Diaspididae.

Species of the Encarsia longifasciata-group from Malaysia and China are reviewed. This is the first record of this group from Malaysia. Two new species, E. borneensis Geng & Li sp. n. and E. pauroseta Geng & Li sp. n., are described and illustrated. Encarsia longifasciata is newly recorded from Malaysia (Borneo). An updated key to the longifasciata-group species (females) worldwide is provided.
Colletotrichum chinense sp. nov. from Yucca gloriosa and C. quercicola sp. nov. from Quercus variabilis in China
Authors: Wang Cheng-Bin , Jiang Ning , Xue Han , Piao Chun-Gen , Li Yong
Published: September 2022

Colletotrichum is an important plant pathogenic genus causing anthracnose on a wide range of host plants. During 2019 and 2021, Colletotrichum isolates were obtained during surveys of anthracnose on garden plants in China. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), chitin synthase 1 (chs-1), actin (act) and beta-tubulin (tub2) sequences coupled with morphological evidence support the introduction of two novel species namely Colletotrichum chinense sp. nov. from Yucca gloriosa in Beijing and C. quercicola sp. nov. from Quercus variabilis in Shaanxi Province. Phylogenetic inference revealed that two isolates of C. chinense belonged to the agaves species complex and were closely related to C. agaves, and differed from the other species within this species complex by shorter conidia and the host association. Molecular identification showed that two isolates of C. quercicola formed a highly supported lineage close to C. tanaceti in the destructivum species complex, which could be distinguished from C. tanaceti by straighter conidia. In pathogenicity tests, yellow spots and orange conidial masses displayed on the inoculated Y. gloriosa leaves and brown spots appeared on the inoculated Q. variabilis leaves. In addition, C. chinense and C. quercicola were re-isolated from spots of the tested leaves of Y. gloriosa and Q. variabilis.
Bearing fault diagnosis based on Gramian angular field and DenseNet
Authors: Zhou Yajing , Long Xinyu , Sun Mingwei , Chen Zengqiang
Published: September 2022

Rolling bearings are the core components of mechanical and electrical systems. A practical fault diagnosis scheme is the key to ensure operational safety. There are excessive characteristic parameters with remarkable randomness and severe signal coupling in the rolling bearing operation, which makes the fault diagnosis to be challenging. To deal with this problem, the Gramian angular field (GAF) and DenseNet are combined to perform feature extraction and fault diagnosis. The GAF can convert 1-dimensional time series into an image, which can guarantee the completeness of feature information without temporal dependence. The GAF images are then trained by using the DenseNet to generate a data set network. In this process, the transfer learning (TL), which can solve the problem of insufficient samples, is integrated to the DenseNet to enhance its extensibility. The comparative simulations are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
All-in-one encoder/decoder approach for non-destructive identification of 3D-printed objects
Authors: Shin Choonsung , Hong Sung-Hee , Jeong Hieyoung , Yoon Hyoseok , Koh Byoungsoo
Published: September 2022

This paper presents an all-in-one encoder/decoder approach for the nondestructive identification of three-dimensional (3D)-printed objects. The proposed method consists of three parts: 3D code insertion, terahertz (THz)-based detection, and code extraction. During code insertion, a relevant one-dimensional (1D) identification code is generated to identify the 3D-printed object. A 3D barcode corresponding to the identification barcode is then generated and inserted into a blank bottom area inside the object's stereolithography (STL) file. For this objective, it is necessary to find an appropriate area of the STL file and to merge the 3D barcode and the model within the STL file. Next the information generated inside the object is extracted by using THz waves that are transmitted and reflected by the output 3D object. Finally, the resulting THz signal from the target object is detected and analyzed to extract the identification information. We implemented and tested the proposed method using a 3D graphic environment and a THz time-domain spectroscopy system. The experimental results indicate that one-dimensional barcodes are useful for identifying 3D-printed objects because they are simple and practical to process. Furthermore, information efficiency can be increased by using an integral fast Fourier transform to identify any code located in areas deeper within the object. As 3D printing is used in various fields, the proposed method is expected to contribute to the acceleration of the distribution of 3D printing empowered by the integration of the internal code insertion and recognition process.
The Reality of Self-Contained Social Inclusive Classrooms
Authors: Hernández-Dionis Paula
Published: September 2022

This study aims to analyze the reality of inclusive classrooms by studying music and dance schools (MDS) in the autonomous community of the Canary Islands. Teachers' growing interest in offering an adequate response to diversity in today's schools should be stimulated by providing training spaces and new methodological tools. The development of this training requires a significant revision to the curriculum. A review of applicable regulations was carried out to meet the study's objective, analyzing the proposed dimensions and completing a bibliographic review in sources of scientific interest. A series of interviews included 12 teachers from eight MDS of the five Canary Islands with official MDS. The results revealed a disparate situation. It is a challenge to develop an inclusive teaching-learning process in all its facets. Therefore, it is necessary to outline an important change in the current system, including a series of proposals to be developed in the future.
Evaluation of Supports for Inclusive Education
Authors: Jimenez Pedro
Published: September 2022

This chapter describes inclusion processes and their evaluation in school contexts. It addresses the question of the assessment of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, as well as the assessment of factors related to inclusion. As an example, data from a study carried out with schoolchildren with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) in Spain (n = 249) will be presented. The research was carried out with schoolchildren between 5 and 17 years of age. The methodology used was the evaluation through a support needs assessment scale and analysis of the scores obtained on the scale. The results have indicated very intense support needs in most of the people with ASD evaluated and more intense in scale values in support areas related to inclusion than other populations with intellectual disabilities but without autism. The results suggest the importance of having reliability measures that allow assessing the intensity of the support needs of schoolchildren, with or without intellectual disabilities, and that help to promote support systems based on evidence of effectiveness.
Training and Mentoring Activities for Teachers Involved in the Inclusive Education Process in Romania
Authors: Mara Daniel
Published: September 2022

In this chapter, the authors present the activities that they have designed and implemented in a project that had as its theme the continuous training of teachers for the development of psycho-pedagogical and specialized skills, necessary to build an inclusive school. The intervention on teachers was conceived as a mentoring program, which would provide a structured framework for opportunities to improve the teaching activity carried out with all students in the class. Today's schools are educational institutions whose mission is to ensure a quality education for all students by using all resources and partnerships with their communities.
Cross-Cultural Leadership
Authors: Esen Ülkühan Bike
Published: September 2022

Leadership is the process of managing and directing a group of people. While it is already difficult to manage a group of people for certain purposes, the process becomes even more difficult when this group consists of people with very different characteristics because different characteristics mean different needs, different expectations, different motivation tools, etc. Culture is also one of the main factors that affect the emergence of different characteristics, as it differs from country to country and expresses the features that distinguish each country from the other. Organizations, which are also a part of the culture they are in, can contain different cultures within themselves. This requires organizational leaders to know the cultural differences of both the society they live in and the employees of the organization in order to be successful. In this study, intra-organizational cultural differences are discussed through Hofstede's six dimensions of culture. Afterwards, the things that leaders should do in order to be successful in multicultural organizations are mentioned.
Sending Signals From Above
Authors: Estevez-Mendoza Carlos
Published: September 2022

Gender diversity at the top echelons of the firm may provide strong signals to foster diversity inside the organization. This chapter aims to contribute to the lack of studies based on complementary factors of board diversity, as they may build a potential exemplary roadmap within the same context. It seeks to understand whether sets of determinants whose combination may lead to making boards diverse in excess of the norm and steering the organization to the pursuit of the goal. Thus, the authors study different blends of variables such as size, public scrutiny, board independence, board size, proportion of proprietary directors, and diversity at the senior management of the firm, showing different paths to achieve diversity at the board. The authors employ a qualitative comparative methodology to study possible joint casual relations paving the way to diversity in Spanish-listed firms comparing changes over four years.
Managing Age Diversity at the Workplace
Authors: Gaur Priya , Vihari Nitin Simha , Sharma Gunjan Mohan
Published: September 2022

Workplace diversity has been one of the most critical issues over the past few years. It is a difficult subject for managers to tackle in the space of work. Organizations are facing an inherent age gap among their employees, which raises new issues for professionals. With the rapid changes and developments in technology, the elderly employees are generally perceived as those “missing agility and repelling new technology.” There are other grounds on which the age of employees has been discussed as a determinant of varying levels of behavioral and work-related outcomes. It is essential for businesses to figure out the means to manage and balance the age diversity at the workplace. However, the biggest obstacles that professionals may face when trying to implement this include modifications in areas such as job characteristics, working time, and management styles. This study discusses the global perspectives on age diversity at the workplace and provides actionable recommendations for organizations to develop an inclusive environment for higher levels of efficiency and effectiveness.
Unmasking the Masked
Authors: R. Sheela , R. Suchithra
Published: September 2022

Today, COVID-19 is one of the most severe issues that people are grappling with. Half of the faces are hidden by the mask in this instance. The region around the eyes is usually the sole apparent attribute that can be used as a biometric in these circumstances. In the event of a pandemic, the three primary biometric modalities (facial, fingerprint, and iris), which commonly enable these tasks, confront particular obstacles. One option that can improve accuracy, ease-of-use, and safety is periocular recognition. Several periocular biometric detection methods have been developed previously. As a result, periocular recognition remains a difficult task. To overcome the problem, several algorithms based on CNN have been implemented. This chapter investigated the periocular region recognitions algorithms, datasets, and texture descriptors. This chapter also discuss the current COVID-19 situation to unmask the masked faces in particular.
An Augmented Edge Architecture for AI-IoT Services Deployment in the Modern Era
Authors: N. Ambika
Published: September 2022

The previous proposal gains prognostic and regulatory examination. It uses boundary-based AI procedures to accomplish its task. It analyzes its received transmission utilizing a set of amenities. It verifies the data packets and detects the inconsistency in them. It also encompasses choosing the appropriate procedure to evaluate the data stored in the cloud. Kubernetes cases plan handles Docker similes vigorously. The dominant point has a trustable and stable credential supply. The system aims to manage the information of various groups. The leading device has a control component that aims to supervise the well-being of the other instruments. Replica set maintains anticipated mock-up count. The endpoints component seeks to spot and watch the modifications to the approaches in the service. The proposal suggests increasing the reliability by 4.37%, availability by 2.74%, and speed by 3.28%.
Emerging Cyber Security Threats During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Possible Countermeasures
Authors: Suthar Hepi
Published: September 2022

The world suffering from COVID-19. In this situation, people are focusing on virtual or online modes of working, which can be done from home or anywhere. Cybersecurity has become the priority for all of us to protect data. This chapter mentions the most used cyber-attack techniques for stolen money and data from different sectors.
Relating Industry 4.0 and the SME Internationalization Process
Authors: Cardoso Ana Rita , Pereira Raquel
Published: September 2022

The automatization, dematerialization, and innovative digital systems and technologies, named Industry 4.0, are transforming the economic and social system, encompassing opportunities and challenges for growth and international expansion. In Portugal, SMEs face great difficulties and challenges because innovative digital businesses and systems enhance globalization and intensify competition. Exploratory research was designed to explore how Industry 4.0 and digitalization will influence the organization, competitiveness, and internationalization process of the SMEs under study. Results indicate that Industry 4.0 appears to be critical because it positively affected the value chain and the organizational and competitiveness level. Therefore, the companies were better positioned in their competitive advantages. This work provides insights for the study and joint understanding of digitalization and business internationalization because it integrates and relates two autonomous, complex, and strategic fields of research, with no applied studies for the Portuguese SME background.
AI vs. Human
Authors: Katti Chaitra , Barbosa Belem
Published: September 2022

Companies are using automated technologies customer support to elevate customer experiences. However, the question arises as to whether this strategic move is beneficial for companies. Though several studies have demonstrated the use of anthropomorphic chatbots could positively impact customers, studies still lack comparing this benefit with real-time human interaction. Thus, this study aims to examine user experience between AI and human-based chat support and understand whether AI-based chatbots necessitate replacing human interaction in customer support. The results of the study indicated that perceived benefit and relevance among human-based chats are relatively high, and perceived risk was only limited to delayed response and negative attitude. However, chatbots evidenced their perceived risk was high in anthropomorphic chatbots. Risk factors such as ethical concerns, lack of human touch were commonly seen in anthropomorphic chatbots. On the other hand. their perceived benefit and relevance were seen in chatbots acting as substitute of search queries, web navigation. or product demonstration.
Newspaper Digital Content During and After the Silly Season
Authors: Lima Ana Maria , Teixeira Sandrina Francisca , Barbosa Belem
Published: September 2022

This chapter aims to understand the options for distributing newspaper content online and offline. By adopting a case study approach, it analyses the content strategy of one of the most widely read newspapers in Portugal, Jornal de Notícias (JN). Several data sources were used, including an interview with the director and a survey with 570 readers. JN shared a much larger number of news in the paper version. It is a newspaper focused on difficult news; however, it combines this strategy with the use of infotainment, especially in the online version. This chapter highlights the importance of aligning the content strategy and the preferences of readers.
Diseases of Poverty
Authors: Luke Alex
Published: September 2022

Poverty and poor health are intricately connected, for poverty may be a consequence of poor health, and similarly, poor health may be a result of poverty. It has often been detailed how poverty creates a vicious cycle, trapping those who cannot escape due to poor access to care, among other reasons. While infectious diseases are certainly more common among developing countries, it is worth noting that poverty increases the risk of non-communicable diseases as well. Infectious diseases run rampant in impoverished communities due, in part, to overcrowded and poor living conditions, lack of access to fresh, healthy food and clean water, and poor sanitation. Non-communicable diseases, however, are just as devastating a problem for poor nations. Multiple studies have shown how lower socioeconomic communities have higher mortality rates regarding non-communicable diseases, suggesting that these are not exclusively diseases of affluence or lifestyle.
Global Health
Authors: Singh Som Prabh
Published: September 2022

The 21st century has accelerated the development of a more interconnected world. Between all the innovations in education, technology, and cultures, the presence of medical illness, health inequity, and need for improved infrastructure still exist. Ultimately, global health plays an imperative role in addressing these concerns in a timely and humanitarian manner. However, there is less of an understanding on the application of global health in comparison to related concepts found in international and public health sectors. The aim of this chapter is to provide the audience a glimpse at a learner's perspective towards the history and potential of global healthcare delivery.
Disabilities in Low Resources Settings
Authors: Rattin Abigail
Published: September 2022

People with disabilities globally represent an extraordinarily diverse group of people with varied unique needs and multifaceted challenges. Expanding understanding about prevention, diagnoses, and management of disabilities is an important step toward improving the quality of life and healthcare equity for families impacted by disabilities. Exploring primary and secondary prevention of disability goes hand in hand with recognizing how to diagnose and manage the primary condition and associated conditions. Equipping the community and family to help the members with disabilities thrive includes tapping into resources and expanding knowledge and experience with various disabilities.
Short-Term Medical Trips
Authors: Sykes Kevin J. , Yu Katherine M.
Published: September 2022

Humanitarian aid expanded due, in part, to increased globalization, media exposure to global needs in the era of the 24-hour news cycle, and awareness of global health interconnectedness. The transnational enterprise of humanitarian aid goes largely unregulated as it is primarily governed by organizational self-policing. For the purposes of this discussion, short-term MSTs encompass trips that are four weeks or fewer and originated to address needs of medically underserved populations. There are a limited number of studies that analyze the outcomes of these trips, and some critics state MSTs do not address underlying issues of poverty and poor health infrastructure in LMICs.
Could YouTubeTM encourage men on prostate checks? A contemporary analysis
Authors: Morra Simone , Napolitano Luigi , Collà Ruvolo Claudia , Celentano Giuseppe , La Rocca Roberto , Capece Marco , Creta Massimiliano , Passaro Francesco , Di Bello Francesco , Cirillo Luigi , Turco Carmine , Di Mauro Ernesto , Pezone Gabriele , Fraia Agostino , Mangiapia Francesco , Fusco Ferdinando , Mirone Vincenzo , Califano Gianluigi , Longo Nicola
Published: September 2022

Objectives: To assess YouTube™ videos’ quality on prostate checks, especially on the digital rectal exam (DRE), and to investigate if they can inform patients correctly and eradicate their beliefs and myths.Methods: A search using as keywords “digital rectal exam for prostate cancer” was performed on the YouTubeTM platform. We selected the ﬁrst 100 videos. To assess video quality content, Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for audio-visual content (PEMAT A/V) and Misinformation tool were used.Results: Seventy-three videos were suitable for the analyses. The median PEMAT A/V Understandability score and PEMAT A/V Actionability score were 46.2% (interquartile range [IQR]: 30.8-76.9) and 50.0% (IQR: 25.0-75.0), respectively. The medi-an PEMAT A/V Understandability and Actionability scores were 69.2% (IQR: 46.2-88.5) vs 46.2% (IQR: 30.8-61.5) (p = 0.01) and 100.0% (IQR: 87.5-100.0) vs 25.0% (IQR: 25.0-68.8)(p < 0.001), for healthcare workers vs patients, respectively. According to the Misinformation tool, the median misinforma-tion score of the overall videos was 2.2 (IQR:1.7-2.8). According to the target audience, the misinformation score was 2.8 (IQR: 2.4-3.5) vs 2.0 (IQR: 1.5-2.8) (p = 0.02), for healthcare workers vs patients, respectively. Conclusions: Currently, based on our analyses, YouTubeTM videos’ quality on DRE resulted unsatisfactory according to the PEMAT A/V score and the Misinformation tool. Videos targeted to healthcare workers got higher quality scores if compared to videos targeted to patients. Therefore, YouTubeTM videos’ may not be considered a reliable source of information on DRE for patients.