bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of immunodiagnostic tools for in situ investigation of Ovis aries papillomavirus 3 (OaPV3)
Authors: Cacciotto Carla , Dore Gian Mario , Anfossi Antonio Giovanni , Tore Gessica , Varoni Maria Vittoria , Demontis Maria Piera , Antuofermo Elisabetta , Pittau Marco , Alberti Alberto
Published: November 2022

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a malignant lesion characterized by proliferation and transformation of keratinocytes in the epidermis and infiltrating derma. cSCC is reported in domestic and wild animal species, worldwide. The occurrence and development of cSCC rely on synergic multifactorial conditions, most importantly sunlight exposure and Papillomavirus (PV) infection. In sheep, the development of such lesions represents a threat both to animal welfare and milk production. Ovis aries papillomavirus 3 (OaPV3) is the main cSCC viral determinant and oncogenic properties of viral E6 and E7 proteins were preliminarily investigated. However, E6 and E7 role and mechanisms resulting in cSCC have not been fully clarified, mainly due to the lack specific immunological tools, such as antibodies for in situ detection of ovine papillomavirus. This paper reports the development of specific serological tools for the investigation of OaPV3 pathogenicity, and their preliminary use to screen 4 ovine cSSC formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues. Relevance of immunological tools to investigation of viral biological properties and diagnosis are also discussed.
Micronutrients Deficiencies in Candidates of Bariatric Surgery: Results from a Single Institution over a 1-Year Period
Authors: Berardi Giovanna , Vitiello Antonio , Abu-Abeid Adam , Schiavone Vincenzo , Franzese Antonio , Velotti Nunzio , Musella Mario
Published: November 2022

Background

Micronutrient deficiencies represent a common condition after bariatric surgery (BS). The prevalence of these nutritional disorders before BS is still debated. The aim of our study was to retrospectively evaluate the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in candidates for BS.

Methods

A prospectively maintained database of our institution was searched to find all patients who underwent surgery between January and December 2021. The following data were collected: age, gender, body mass index (BMI), obesity-associated diseases, and preoperative serum levels of vitamin B12, folate, and vitamin D.

Results

A total of 174 patients were included in our study. Mean age and BMI were 39.2 ± 11.4 years and 44.3 ± 7.1 kg/m2, respectively. One hundred and thirty-nine patients (79.9%) had at least one preoperative micronutrient disorder, with vitamin D deficiency being the most common (116, 66.7%), followed by a deficit of folate (76, 43.7%) and vitamin B12 (10, 5.7%). Forty-seven (27%) individuals had insufficient levels of vitamin D. Comparison of deficiencies between sexes showed that vitamin B12 < 20 ng/ml was significantly more frequent in women (p = 0.03). DLP showed a mild significant effect on folate levels (p = 0.01), while the association of HNT and T2DM had a mild significant effect on vitamin B12 (p = 0.02).

Conclusions

Preoperative micronutrient deficiencies were frequently found in candidates for BS. Approximately 90% of patients had deficient or insufficient serum levels of vitamin D preoperatively. Almost half of the patients had a preoperative deficit of folate, and vitamin B12 deficiency was significantly more frequent in the female population. It is mandatory to screen all patients undergoing BS for vitamin deficiencies before surgery.
Carnosic Acid Mitigates Depression-Like Behavior in Ovariectomized Mice via Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway
Authors: Samy Doaa M. , Mostafa Dalia Kamal , Saleh Samar R. , Hassaan Passainte S. , Zeitoun Teshreen M. , Ammar Gamal A. G. , Elsokkary Nahed H.
Published: November 2022

The peri- and post-menopausal periods have been described as the “window of vulnerability” for the development of depressive symptoms that impair women activities and quality of life. The etiopathogenesis of these symptoms is multifactorial and may confer resistance to traditional antidepressants. Attention is now directed toward phytochemicals for their pleiotropic functions and safer profiles. This study investigated the possible perturbation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathways as an underlying mechanism of post-ovariectomy depression and highlighted the potential benefits of carnosic acid (CA) on the associated behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological alterations. Female Balb/c mice were randomly assigned to be sham-operated or ovariectomized (OVX). After 3 weeks, OVX mice received either a vehicle, CA (20 mg/kg/day), or tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP-IX; a heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor; 50 μmol/kg/day) for 3 weeks. Our findings revealed that OVX mice had depressive but not anxiety-like behavior. Suppressed Nrf2 and its downstream signaling, and augmented proinflammatory markers were observed in both the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. CA treatment alleviated depressive behavior, induced the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, thioredoxin-1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and enhanced serotonin levels. CA also suppressed oxidative stress, reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, and iNOS mRNA expression, and ameliorated OVX-induced histopathological changes. SnPP-IX aggravated post-OVX behavioral, neurobiochemical, and histological deteriorations, and reduced CA-protective effects. In conclusion, Nrf2/HO-1 signaling suppression and the associated proinflammatory state are key mechanisms in post-OVX depression. CA exerts multifaceted neuroprotection in OVX mice and represents a promising candidate for clinical evaluation as an antidepressant.
Restoring After Central Nervous System Injuries: Neural Mechanisms and Translational Applications of Motor Recovery
Authors: Gao Zhengrun , Pang Zhen , Chen Yiming , Lei Gaowei , Zhu Shuai , Li Guotao , Shen Yundong , Xu Wendong
Published: November 2022

Central nervous system (CNS) injuries, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury, are leading causes of long-term disability. It is estimated that more than half of the survivors of severe unilateral injury are unable to use the denervated limb. Previous studies have focused on neuroprotective interventions in the affected hemisphere to limit brain lesions and neurorepair measures to promote recovery. However, the ability to increase plasticity in the injured brain is restricted and difficult to improve. Therefore, over several decades, researchers have been prompted to enhance the compensation by the unaffected hemisphere. Animal experiments have revealed that regrowth of ipsilateral descending fibers from the unaffected hemisphere to denervated motor neurons plays a significant role in the restoration of motor function. In addition, several clinical treatments have been designed to restore ipsilateral motor control, including brain stimulation, nerve transfer surgery, and brain–computer interface systems. Here, we comprehensively review the neural mechanisms as well as translational applications of ipsilateral motor control upon rehabilitation after CNS injuries.
Cannabis and Intentional Self-injury: a Narrative Review
Authors: Denissoff Alexander , Levola Jonna , Niemelä Solja , Mustonen Antti
Published: November 2022

Purpose of Review

Observational studies assessing the association of cannabis use with subsequent intentional self-injury have reported mixed findings. Longitudinal studies examining the association of cannabis use with subsequent suicide death are notably rare. Our objective was to review longitudinal studies examining cannabis use and subsequent self-harm, suicide attempt, or suicide death.

Recent Findings

Few population-based studies have focused on self-harm with considerable variability across studies in how this outcome has been operationalized. Studies assessing the association between cannabis use and suicide attempt are equivocal in their conclusions and heterogenous in terms of samples utilized and assessment of confounding bias. The results of one meta-analysis were suggestive of dose dependency. For suicide death, the findings are inconsistent, and there is reason for concern of selection bias.

The existing evidence base on these associations is not yet rigorous enough to allow drawing conclusions on causality. However, cannabis might be seen as an adverse prognostic marker for intentional self-injury.
Negotiating border-crossings when ‘adult education’ meets ‘vocational learning’. Comparative historical notes on defining the ‘research object’
Authors: Hake Barry John
Published: November 2022

This paper offers a theoretical perspective on socio-historical research addressing the social organisation of communication and learning as cultural practices. It is critical of mapping the field of ‘adult education’ in terms of ‘absences’ regarding the historical dimensions of ‘organised adult learning’ investigated. It offers a comparative exploration of vocational dimensions of organised adult learning that characterise divergent historiographies in the Netherlands and Germany until 1945. Post-1945 policy repertoires are explored in terms of the socio-historical shift from ‘collective employability’ repertoires stressing permanent education social advancement towards the construction of neoliberal repertoires from the late 1960s articulating ‘individualised employability’. The conclusion argues that research should focus on recovering a critical perspective regarding shifts and breaks in historical conjunctions of cultural practices that characterise relationships between the ‘adult’ and ‘vocational’ dimensions of organised adult learning.
The Effects of Different Theta and Beta Neurofeedback Training Protocols on Cognitive Control in ADHD
Authors: Bluschke Annet , Eggert Elena , Friedrich Julia , Jamous Roula , Prochnow Astrid , Pscherer Charlotte , Schreiter Marie Luise , Teufert Benjamin , Roessner Veit , Beste Christian
Published: November 2022

Neurofeedback (NF) is an important treatment for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In ADHD, cognitive control deficits pose considerable problems to patients. However, NF protocols are not yet optimized to enhance cognitive control alongside with clinical symptoms, partly because they are not driven by basic cognitive neuroscience. In this study, we evaluated different EEG theta and/or beta frequency band NF protocols designed to enhance cognitive control. Participants were n = 157 children and adolescents, n = 129 of them were patients with ADHD (n = 28 typically developing (TD) controls). Patients with ADHD were divided into five groups in the order of referral, with four of them taking part in different NF protocols systematically varying theta and beta power. The fifth ADHD group and the TD group did not undergo NF. All NF protocols resulted in reductions of ADHD symptoms. Importantly, only when beta frequencies were enhanced during NF (without any theta regulation or in combination with theta upregulation), consistent enhancing effects in both response inhibition and conflict control were achieved. The theta/beta NF protocol most widely used in clinical settings revealed comparatively limited effects. Enhancements in beta band activity are key when aiming to improve cognitive control functions in ADHD. This calls for a change in the use of theta/beta NF protocols and shows that protocols differing from the current clinical standard are effective in enhancing important facets of cognitive control in ADHD. Further studies need to examine regulation data within the neurofeedback sessions to provide more information about the mechanisms underlying the observed effects.
A systematic review of neoadjuvant targeted therapy in locally advanced thyroid cancer
Authors: Huang Nai-si , Wang Yu , Wei Wen-jun , Xiang Jun , Chen Jia-ying , Guan Qing , Wang Yun-jun , Lu Zhong-wu , Ma Ben , Hu Jia-qian , Wang Yu-long , Ji Qing-hai
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Locally advanced thyroid cancer refers to thyroid cancer that invades important structures of the neck, with poor prognosis. Neoadjuvant targeted therapy has the potential to increase the R0/1 resection rate in locally advanced thyroid cancer and improve the outcome in these patients.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of studies that reported neoadjuvant targeted therapy in locally advanced thyroid cancer. Individual patient data was extracted from eligible studies. Objective response rate (ORR) and R0/1 resection rate were calculated.

Results

Sixteen studies and 32 patients were included into analysis, including 18 differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), 3 medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), 8 anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) and 3 poor-differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC). Most patients were stage T4a (53.1%) and T4b (28.1%). 81.3% patients had regional lymph node metastasis and 37.5% had distant metastasis. RET mutated MTC and BRAF mutated ATC were treated with selective RET inhibitor and selective BRAF/MEK inhibitors. Other treatment regimens were multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitors (mTKIs). The average duration of treatment was 4.3 months (SD = 4.1). The overall ORR was 78.1% (95%CI: 60.0%–90.7%), and the R0/1 resection rate for the intention to treat population was 78.1% (95%CI: 60.0%–90.7%). With a median follow-up time of 12.1 months, 1 DTC patient and 3 ATC patients died of the disease.

Conclusions

Neoadjuvant targeted therapy was a new treatment option for locally advanced thyroid cancer and might improve the R0/1 resection rate in selective cases. However, more clinical trials with longer follow-up time are awaited to confirm the clinical benefit of neoadjuvant targeted treatment.
The role of ion magnetization on plasma generation in a magnetic nozzle rf device
Authors: Filleul Félicien , Caldarelli Antonella , Boswell Rod , Charles Christine , Rattenbury Nicholas , Cater John
Published: November 2022

Two dimensional mappings of the floating potential, Ar II emission and ion saturation currents are used to characterize an 80 cm long magnetized rf plasma column. The data brings new evidence supporting that the level of ion magnetization under the rf loop antenna plays an important role for the efficient generation of plasma over an extended region when the magnetic nozzle is sufficiently separated from the antenna. Densities up to $$10^{18}$$

10
18

m$$^{-3}$$

-
3

and a blue core are observed for an rf power of 200 W and magnetic fields above 400 G when ions are magnetized. The local wall charging under the antenna is probed and observed to change coherently with the local ion magnetization and seems critical to the global creation and transport of energetic electrons, which are indirectly observed far from the antenna when the ion Larmor radius is much smaller than the glass tube radius over the entire region of investigation.
Rethinking the EU’S ‘Monetary Constitution’: legal theories of money, the Euro, and transnational law
Authors: Chadwick Anna
Published: November 2022

In recent years, legal scholars have dismantled influential economic accounts of the private nature of money, demonstrating that money is better understood as a ‘governance project’ and a public resource that is created and regulated by the state. Legal theories of money could lend support to the ECB’s recent use of ‘unorthodox’ monetary policy to stabilise the euro, and could further support proposals for the innovative use of monetary policy to combat inequality. However, legal writing on money to date has primarily sought to challenge neoclassical economics – a body of thought that denies the impact that distributions of credit by the state play in shaping processes of value formation in the economy. Two further dimensions of the nature of money have received less attention from legal scholars to date: first, the question of how money comes to have an economic value (an important component of ‘moneyness’), and, second, how the international functions of credit money as currency in international trade and finance may limit the capacities of governments to manage money differently. In this article, I offer a revised account of the legal nature of money that is more attentive to the transnational nature of the legal regimes and institutions that enable the production of sovereign credit monies in the contemporary global political economy. My analysis complicates both the suggestion that the ECB can address inequality in the eurozone by means of unorthodox monetary policy and the widely made counter-argument that the only solution to the constitutional crisis in the European Union (EU) is the creation of a political sovereign imbued with stronger fiscal powers. I find that unless the current transnational legal arrangements that enable the production and governance of money are addressed, no states will be able to act as ‘centralised and legitimate political authorities’ that can control capitalist credit money in accordance with democratic imperatives.
Revisiting wind wave growth with fully coupled direct numerical simulations
Authors: Wu Jiarong , Popinet Stéphane , Deike Luc
Published: November 2022

We investigate wind wave growth by direct numerical simulations solving for the two-phase Navier–Stokes equations. We consider the ratio of the wave speed$c$to the wind friction velocity$u_*$from$c/u_*= 2$to 8, i.e. in the slow to intermediate wave regime; and initial wave steepness$ak$from 0.1 to 0.3; the two being varied independently. The turbulent wind and the travelling, nearly monochromatic waves are fully coupled without any subgrid-scale models. The wall friction Reynolds number is 720. The novel fully coupled approach captures the simultaneous evolution of the wave amplitude and shape, together with the underwater boundary layer (drift current), up to wave breaking. The wave energy growth computed from the time-dependent surface elevation is in quantitative agreement with that computed from the surface pressure distribution, which confirms the leading role of the pressure forcing for finite amplitude gravity waves. The phase shift and the amplitude of the principal mode of surface pressure distribution are systematically reported, to provide direct evidence for possible wind wave growth theories. Intermittent and localised airflow separation is observed for steep waves with small wave age, but its effect on setting the phase-averaged pressure distribution is not drastically different from that of non-separated sheltering. We find that the wave form drag force is not a strong function of wave age but closely related to wave steepness. In addition, the history of wind wave coupling can affect the wave form drag, due to the wave crest shape and other complex coupling effects. The normalised wave growth rate we obtain agrees with previous studies. We make an effort to clarify various commonly adopted underlying assumptions, and to reconcile the scattering of the data between different previous theoretical, numerical and experimental results, as we revisit this longstanding problem with new numerical evidence.
Dispersion of a passive scalar around a Taylor bubble
Authors: Picchi D. , Poesio P.
Published: November 2022

The motion of Taylor bubbles in capillaries is typical of many engineering and biological systems, ranging from subsurface flows to small-scale reactors. Although the hydrodynamics of elongated bubbles has been the object of several studies, the case where a solute is transported in the surrounding liquid and surface mass-transfer mechanisms act on the solid wall or the bubble–fluid interface is much less understood. To fill this gap, we investigate the transport problem around a confined Taylor bubble to access the competition between advection, diffusion and surface mass transfer in the different regions of the bubble. With this aim, we derive a one-dimensional advection–diffusion–mass-transfer equation where the transport mechanisms are described through an effective velocity, an effective diffusion coefficient and an effective Sherwood number. Our model generalises the Aris–Taylor dispersion to the case of a Taylor bubble and clarifies the impact of surface mass transfer in the advection and diffusion dominated regimes for both the front and rear menisci. The model recovers the typical Pèclet square relationship of the effective diffusion coefficient, which also depends on the film thickness. Also, when the Pèclet number balances with the Sherwood number, there exist conditions that lead to the formation of hot spots of concentration. We show that the typical shape oscillations of the bubble rear locally enhance superficial mass transfer. Finally, we study the transport problem in the uniform film region where the concentration field can be found analytically.
THE POLITICS OF LEVELLING UP: DEVOLUTION, INSTITUTIONS AND PRODUCTIVITY IN ENGLAND
Authors: Westwood Andy , Sensier Marianne , Pike Nicola
Published: November 2022

After the publication of the Government’s ‘Levelling Up’ White Paper, this paper reviews the role of institutions and governance structures across English regions in tackling spatial inequality and low productivity. It considers the recent history and changing roles of local and regional organisations and the overarching policy frameworks that oversee them as a key element of tackling spatial inequality and low productivity. Specifically, the paper looks at the frequent changes to institutional arrangements supporting economic development and the process of allocating competitive funds to local and regional bodies.
Clinical differences between children and adults with idiopathic and heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Takatsuki Shinichi , Shimokawahara Hiroto , Shimizu Yurika , Kawai Reiko , Matsuura Hiroyuki , Matsubara Hiromi
Published: November 2022

Background:

Although previous studies have demonstrated that paediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension remains distinct from that in adults, there are limited studies evaluating a direct comparison between children and adults. The aim of this head-to-head comparison study was to compare the gender, haemodynamic parameters, and prognosis between paediatric and adult pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Methods and Results:

We retrospectively assessed the clinical differences in 40 childhood-onset (under 20 years old) patients and 40 adult-onset patients with idiopathic and heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension who were followed up at two centres. There was no female predominance among patients with childhood-onset pulmonary arterial hypertension (child female: 42.5%, adult female: 80%). The percent of New York Heart Association functional class IV in adult-onset pulmonary arterial hypertension tended to be higher than those in childhood-onset pulmonary arterial hypertension (22.5 and 10%, respectively), although children had worse haemodynamic parameters at diagnosis (mean pulmonary artery pressure (children versus adults); median 65 mmHg versus 49 mmHg, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the event-free survival rate between the two groups (95% vs. 85%) during the follow-up period (median, 96 months; range, 1–120 months).

Conclusions:

Although paediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension patients had worse haemodynamic parameters at diagnosis than adults, children survived as long as adults with appropriate therapeutic strategies.
A Legal View of Iconoclasm. New Ideologies and Overturning Existing Legal Orders: Legal Iconoclasm in Germany
Authors: Jessurun d’Oliveira Hans Ulrich
Published: November 2022

Slightly metaphorically, this article deals with the subsequent waves of dramatically different ideologies and their impact on existing value-systems. The transition from one prevalent legal system to another, laden with central notions at variance with the previous one, destroys the old order to build up a new order. An example is taken from the modern history of Germany: starting from the Weimar Republic, through to the Third Reich with its Nazi-ideology, to the division into the democratic Federal Republic and the socialist-communist German Democratic Republic and their reunion in 1990. This article depicts the strategies put into place to accomplish and implement subsequent iconoclasms, and sketches successes and failures. Each iconoclasm finds its origins in the previous legal system and leaves its traces in the next one.
CP complements ofer-nominalisations in English
Authors: TYLER MATTHEW
Published: November 2022

Er-nominalisations which take CP complements are rare in English, but possible. A common construction involving one isto be a firm believer that….I propose that the behaviour of CP-takinger-nominalisations (‘CoPTErs’) results from a tension. On the one hand, they areArgument Structure Nominalsin the sense of Grimshaw (1990), and they ‘inherit’ the argument-taking properties of their parent verb. So if the parent verbbelievecan take a CP argument, the correspondinger-nominalisationbelievershould be able to take a CP argument too. On the other hand, they are nouns. And since Stowell (1981), a long line of work has argued that a noun simply cannot take a CP as an argument. I argue that this tension is usually fatal, which is why CoPTErs are fairly unacceptable when placed in argument positions. It's only when they are used aspredicatenouns that they become acceptable – but even then, the CP does not pattern like a true argument of the noun. I sketch a possible analysis, in which the CP complement to a CoPTEr adjoins to the predication and binds a variable (of category D) in the CoPTEr's argument position.
Head and neck radiotherapy quality assurance conference for dedicated review of delineated targets and organs at risk: results of a prospective study
Authors: Farris J. C. , Razavian N. B. , Farris M. K. , Ververs J. D. , Frizzell B. A. , Leyrer C. M. , Allen L. F. , Greven K. M. , Hughes R. T.
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

Head and neck (HN) radiotherapy (RT) is complex, involving multiple target and organ at risk (OAR) structures delineated by the radiation oncologist. Site-agnostic peer review after RT plan completion is often inadequate for thorough review of these structures. In-depth review of RT contours is critical to maintain high-quality RT and optimal patient outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

In August 2020, the HN RT Quality Assurance Conference, a weekly teleconference that included at least one radiation oncology HN specialist, was activated at our institution. Targets and OARs were reviewed in detail prior to RT plan creation. A parallel implementation study recorded patient factors and outcomes of these reviews. A major change was any modification to the high-dose planning target volume (PTV) or the prescription dose/fractionation; a minor change was modification to the intermediate-dose PTV, low-dose PTV, or any OAR. We analysed the results of consecutive RT contour review in the first 20 months since its initiation.

Results:

A total of 208 patients treated by 8 providers were reviewed: 86·5% from the primary tertiary care hospital and 13·5% from regional practices. A major change was recommended in 14·4% and implemented in 25 of 30 cases (83·3%). A minor change was recommended in 17·3% and implemented in 32 of 36 cases (88·9%). A survey of participants found that all (n = 11) strongly agreed or agreed that the conference was useful.

Conclusion:

Dedicated review of RT targets/OARs with a HN subspecialist is associated with substantial rates of suggested and implemented modifications to the contours.
‘The world is not organized for Peace’: Feminist manifestos and utopias in the making of international law
Authors: Labenski Sheri
Published: November 2022

Feminists have utilized manifestos and utopias in order to make important, often revolutionary, contributions to international law. However, these engagements have not been reflected in the substance of international law. The sources of international law – specifically customary international law – rely on a narrow understanding of historical knowledge. This article centres the 1924 manifesto and the ‘New International Order’ created by the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, as tools to assess the exclusion of the under-utilized history of feminist peace work from the sources of international law. This allows for a reflection on customary international law’s weaknesses and reaffirms the importance of feminist approaches to international law.
Antecedents and Effects of Online Third-Party Information on Offline	Impressions
Authors: Lane Brianna L. , Cionea Ioana A. , Dunbar Norah E. , Carr Caleb T.
Published: November 2022

Abstract: Warranting theory articulates the process by which individuals connect online information to an offline target, guiding impression formation. The presence of online information alone may not innately guide impression formation about a target. Rather, the connection of that claim to perceptions of a target’s offline self should be driven by several antecedents. The reported experiment tested the antecedent factors of third-party claims with respect to perceptions and behavioral intentions toward a course instructor. Undergraduate students in the United States ( N = 209) viewed a hypothetical professor-rating website reflecting a 2 (target reply: present or absent) × 2 (rater identifiability: identifiable or anonymous) × 2 (number of ratings: many or few) × 2 (average rating: present or absent) experimental design, and reported the characteristics they perceived the target professor to possess offline. Results of a structural equation model revealed only an individual’s ability to reply to online information influenced judgments of warranting value; but the warranting value of the online information influenced subsequent impressions of the target’s offline attributes.
Meltwater Discharge From Marine‐Terminating Glaciers Drives Biogeochemical Conditions in a Greenlandic Fjord
Authors: Kanna Naoya , Sugiyama Shin , Ando Takuto , Wang Yefan , Sakuragi Yuta , Hazumi Toya , Matsuno Kohei , Yamaguchi Atsushi , Nishioka Jun , Yamashita Youhei
Published: November 2022

An increasing body of work has shown the potential impacts of subglacial discharge from marine‐terminating glaciers on the marine environment around Greenland. Upwelling of nutrients associated with rising buoyant plumes near the front of marine‐terminating glaciers plays a key role in maintaining the high productivity of connected fjords. The response of protist communities to subglacial discharges into fjords nevertheless remains poorly understood. Here we show data of water properties, nutrients, and protist communities during two summers in 2018 and 2019 in a Greenlandic fjord system fed by marine‐terminating glaciers. This study included the period of intense summer melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet in 2019. The data revealed high nutrient concentrations in 2019 that were attributed to intensified upwelling of nutrients and dissolved iron into the subsurface layer. The source of the iron and the nutrients was subglacial discharge and deep fjord water, respectively. Intense glacial discharges in 2019 mitigated nitrate and phosphate limitations of phytoplankton in the fjord and resulted in an increase of chlorophyll a in the subsurface layer and growth of large diatoms. Heterotrophic protists such as dinoflagellates, tintinnids, and nanoflagellates were more abundant in the summer of 2019. We concluded that nutrient upwelling by subglacial discharges was the major driver of the structure of lower trophic levels in fjord ecosystems. We hypothesize that the more intense melting of glaciers and related increase in subglacial discharge will enhance nutrient upwelling, and increased summer productivity in fjords until the glaciers retreat and terminate on land.
Pit Crater Chains Across the Solar System: Evidence for Subterranean Tectonic Caves, Porosity and Permeability Pathways on Planetary Bodies
Authors: Wyrick D. Y. , Buczkowski D. L.
Published: November 2022

Pit crater chains are surface features comprised of linear assemblages of collapsed depressions that are identified on several solid bodies throughout the Solar System. On Earth, they have been observed to form when dilational motion on normal faults causes the overlying materials to collapse into the dilating segment of the buried fault. It has been hypothesized that pit crater chains observed on Mars, Enceladus, and various small bodies formed by the same process. Dilational fault movement can also create subsurface permeability pathways for fluid/volatile transport and trapping. Studying pit crater chains and tectonic caves on planetary bodies has implications for both in situ resource utilization and astrobiology, and should be considered as a potential driver for determining exploration targets.
The transcriptional profile of keloidal Schwann cells
Authors: Direder Martin , Wielscher Matthias , Weiss Tamara , Laggner Maria , Copic Dragan , Klas Katharina , Bormann Daniel , Vorstandlechner Vera , Tschachler Erwin , Jan Ankersmit Hendrik , Mildner Michael
Published: November 2022

Recently, a specific Schwann cell type with profibrotic and tissue regenerative properties that contributes to keloid formation has been identified. In the present study, we reanalyzed published single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) studies of keloids, healthy skin, and normal scars to reliably determine the specific gene expression profile of keloid-specific Schwann cell types in more detail. We were able to confirm the presence of the repair-like, profibrotic Schwann cell type in the datasets of all three studies and identified a specific gene-set for these Schwann cells. In contrast to keloids, in normal scars, the number of Schwann cells was not increased, nor was their gene expression profile distinctly different from that of Schwann cells of normal skin. In addition, our bioinformatics analysis provided evidence for a role of transcription factors of the AP1, STAT, and KLF families, and members of the IER genes in the dedifferentiation process of keloidal Schwann cells. Together, our analysis strengthens the role of the profibrotic Schwann cell type in the formation of keloids. Knowledge of the exact gene expression profile of these Schwann cells will facilitate their identification in other organs and diseases.
MACC1 promotes pancreatic cancer metastasis by interacting with the EMT regulator SNAI1
Authors: Zhang Xianglian , Luo Ya , Cen Yu , Qiu Xin , Li Jing , Jie Mengmeng , Yang Shiming , Qin Shanyu
Published: November 2022

Metastasis is the dominant cause of cancer-related mortality. Metastasis-associated with colon cancer protein 1 (MACC1) has been proven to play a critical role in cancer metastasis. However, the prometastatic role of MACC1 in regulating the pancreatic cancer (PC) metastatic phenotype remains elusive. Here, we report that MACC1 is highly expressed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and tissue microarray (TMA) and identified as a good indicator for poor prognosis. Overexpression or knockdown of MACC1 in PC cells correspondingly promoted or inhibited pancreatic cancer cell migration and invasion in a MET proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (MET)-independent manner. Notably, knockdown of MACC1 in PC cells markedly decreased the liver metastatic lesions in a liver metastasis model. Mechanistically, MACC1 binds to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulator snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (SNAI1) to drive EMT via upregulating the transcriptional activity of SNAI1, leading to the transactivation of fibronectin 1 (FN1) and the trans-repression of cadherin 1 (CDH1). Collectively, our results unveil a new mechanism by which MACC1 drives pancreatic cancer cell metastasis and suggest that the MACC1-SNAI1 complex-mediated mesenchymal transition may be a therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.
Blockade of FGF2/FGFR2 partially overcomes bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells mediated progression of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Tian Chen , Li Yueyang , Wang Lina , Si Junqi , Zheng Yaxin , Kang Junnan , Wang Yafei , You M. James , Zheng Guoguang
Published: November 2022

The development of acute lymphoblastic leuakemia (ALL) is partly attributed to the effects of bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, especially mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which interact bilaterally with leukaemia cells, leading to ALL progression. In order to find MSCs-based microenvironment targeted therapeutic strategies, Notch1-induced T-cell ALL (T-ALL) mice models were used and dynamic alterations of BM-MSCs with increased cell viability during T-ALL development was observed. In T-ALL mice derived stroma-based condition, leukaemia cells showed significantly elevated growth capacity indicating that MSCs participated in leukaemic niche formation. RNA sequence results revealed that T-ALL derived MSCs secreted fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), which combined with fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) on leukaemia cells, resulting in activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway in leukaemia cells. In vitro blocking the interaction between FGF2 and FGFR2 with BGJ398 (infigratinib), a FGFR1-3 kinase inhibitor, or knockdown FGF2 in MSCs by interference caused deactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and dysregulations of genes associated with cell cycle and apoptosis in ALL cells, leading to decrease of leukaemia cells. In mouse model received BGJ398, overall survival was extended and dissemination of leukaemia cells in BM, spleen, liver and peripheral blood was decreased. After subcutaneous injection of primary human T-ALL cells with MSCs, tumour growth was suppressed when FGF2/FGFR2 was interrupted. Thus, inhibition of FGF2/FGFR2 interaction appears to be a valid strategy to overcome BM-MSCs mediated progression of T-ALL, and BGJ398 could indeed improve outcomes in T-ALL, which provide theoretical basis of BGJ398 as a BM microenvironment based therapeutic strategy to control disease progression.
Identification of potential blood biomarkers for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease through immune landscape analysis
Authors: Shigemizu Daichi , Akiyama Shintaro , Mitsumori Risa , Niida Shumpei , Ozaki Kouichi
Published: November 2022

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinical precursor of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent genetic studies have reported on associations between AD risk genes and immunity. Here, we obtained samples and data from 317 AD, 432 MCI, and 107 cognitively normal (CN) subjects and investigated immune-cell type composition and immune clonal diversity of T-cell receptor (TRA, TRB, TRG, and TRD) and B-cell receptor (IGH, IGK, and IGL) repertoires through bulk RNA sequencing. We found the proportions of plasma cells, γδ T cells, neutrophils, and B cells were significantly different and the diversities of IGH, IGK, and TRA were significantly small with AD progression. We then identified a differentially expressed gene, WDR37, in terms of risk of MCI-to-AD conversion. Our prognosis prediction model using the potential blood-based biomarkers for early AD diagnosis, which combined two immune repertoires (IGK and TRA), WDR37, and clinical information, successfully classified MCI patients into two groups, low and high, in terms of risk of MCI-to-AD conversion (log-rank test P = 2.57e-3). It achieved a concordance index of 0.694 in a discovery cohort and of 0.643 in an independent validation cohort. We believe that further investigation, using larger sample sizes, will lead to practical clinical use in the near future.
Revised monthly energy generation estimates for 1,500 hydroelectric power plants in the United States
Authors: Turner Sean W. D. , Voisin Nathalie , Nelson Kristian
Published: November 2022

The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) conducts a regular survey (form EIA-923) to collect annual and monthly net generation for more than ten thousand U.S. power plants. Approximately 90% of the ~1,500 hydroelectric plants included in this data release are surveyed at annual resolution only and thus lack actual observations of monthly generation. For each of these plants, EIA imputes monthly generation values using the combined monthly generating pattern of other hydropower plants within the corresponding census division. The imputation method neglects local hydrology and reservoir operations, rendering the monthly data unsuitable for various research applications. Here we present an alternative approach to disaggregate each unobserved plant’s reported annual generation using proxies of monthly generation—namely historical monthly reservoir releases and average river discharge rates recorded downstream of each dam. Evaluation of the new dataset demonstrates substantial and robust improvement over the current imputation method, particularly if reservoir release data are available. The new dataset—named RectifHyd—provides an alternative to EIA-923 for U.S. scale, plant-level, monthly hydropower net generation (2001–2020). RectifHyd may be used to support power system studies or analyze within-year hydropower generation behavior at various spatial scales.
A combined microbial and biogeochemical dataset from high-latitude ecosystems with respect to methane cycle
Authors: Barret Maialen , Gandois Laure , Thalasso Frederic , Martinez Cruz Karla , Sepulveda Jauregui Armando , Lavergne Céline , Teisserenc Roman , Aguilar Polette , Gerardo Nieto Oscar , Etchebehere Claudia , Martins Dellagnezze Bruna , Bovio Winkler Patricia , Fochesatto Gilberto J. , Tananaev Nikita , Svenning Mette M. , Seppey Christophe , Tveit Alexander , Chamy Rolando , Astorga España María Soledad , Mansilla Andrés , Van de Putte Anton , Sweetlove Maxime , Murray Alison E. , Cabrol Léa
Published: November 2022

High latitudes are experiencing intense ecosystem changes with climate warming. The underlying methane (CH4) cycling dynamics remain unresolved, despite its crucial climatic feedback. Atmospheric CH4emissions are heterogeneous, resulting from local geochemical drivers, global climatic factors, and microbial production/consumption balance. Holistic studies are mandatory to capture CH4cycling complexity. Here, we report a large set of integrated microbial and biogeochemical data from 387 samples, using a concerted sampling strategy and experimental protocols. The study followed international standards to ensure inter-comparisons of data amongst three high-latitude regions: Alaska, Siberia, and Patagonia. The dataset encompasses different representative environmental features (e.g. lake, wetland, tundra, forest soil) of these high-latitude sites and their respective heterogeneity (e.g. characteristic microtopographic patterns). The data included physicochemical parameters, greenhouse gas concentrations and emissions, organic matter characterization, trace elements and nutrients, isotopes, microbial quantification and composition. This dataset addresses the need for a robust physicochemical framework to conduct and contextualize future research on the interactions between climate change, biogeochemical cycles and microbial communities at high-latitudes.
Imaging and histological features of tumor biopsy sample predict aggressive intrasegmental recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Gigante Elia , Haddad Yohann , Nault Jean-Charles , Sutter Olivier , Abou Ali Einas , Bonnet Baptiste , N’Kontchou Gisèle , Grando Veronique , Ganne-Carrié Nathalie , Nahon Pierre , Blaise Lorraine , Calderaro Julien , Barget Nathalie , Seror Olivier , Ziol Marianne
Published: November 2022

Aggressive intrasegmental recurrence (AIR) is a form of local recurrence associated with a dismal prognosis and defined by multiple nodules or by an infiltrative mass with a tumor thrombus, occurring in the treated segment, after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to identify radiological and/or histological characteristics of tumor biopsy predictive of AIR. We retrospectively analyzed patients treated by No-Touch multi-bipolar RFA (mbpRFA) for a first HCC with a systematic per-procedural tumor biopsy positive for diagnosis of HCC. The first recurrence was classified as non-aggressive local recurrence, AIR or intrahepatic distant recurrence. 212 patients were included (168 men; mean age 67.1 years; mean tumor size 28.6 mm, 181 cirrhosis). AIR occurred in 21/212 patients (10%) and was associated with a higher risk of death (57% in patients with AIR vs 30% without AIR, p = 0.0001). Non-smooth tumor margins, observed in 21% of the patients and macro-trabecular massive histological subtype, observed in 12% of the patients were independently related to a higher risk of AIR (HR: 3.7[1.57;9.06], p = 0.002 and HR:3.8[2.47;10], p = 0.005 respectively). Non smooth margins at imaging and macro-trabecular massive histological subtype are associated with AIR and could be considered as aggressive features useful to stratify therapeutic strategy.
Founder lineages in the Iberian Roma mitogenomes recapitulate the Roma diaspora and show the effects of demographic bottlenecks
Authors: Aizpurua-Iraola Julen , Giménez Aaron , Carballo-Mesa Annabel , Calafell Francesc , Comas David
Published: November 2022

The Roma are the largest ethnic minority in Europe. With a Northwestern Indian origin around ~ 1.5 kya, they travelled throughout West Asia until their arrival in Europe around the eleventh century CE. Their diaspora through Europe is characterized by population bottlenecks and founder events which have contributed to their present day genetic and cultural diversity. In our study, we focus on the effects of founder effects in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) pool of Iberian Roma by producing and analyzing 144 novel whole mtDNA sequences of Iberian Roma. Over 60% of their mtDNA pool is composed by founder lineages of South Asian origin or acquired by gene flow during their diaspora in the Middle East or locally in Europe in Europe. The TMRCA of these lineages predates the historical record of the Roma arrival in Spain. The abundance of founder lineages is in contrast with ~ 0.7% of autochthonous founder lineages present in the non-Roma Iberian population. Within those founder lineages, we found a substantial amount of South Asian M5a1b1a1 haplotypes and high frequencies of West Eurasian founder lineages (U3b1c, J2b1c, J1c1b, J1b3a, H88, among others), which we characterized phylogenetically and put in phylogeographical context. Besides, we found no evidence of genetic substructure of Roma within the Iberian Peninsula. These results show the magnitude of founder effects in the Iberian Roma and further explain the Roma history and genetic diversity from a matrilineal point of view.
Fully automated 18F-fluorination of N-succinimidyl-4-[18F]fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB) for indirect labelling of nanobodies
Authors: Nagachinta Surasa , Novelli Paolo , Joyard Yoann , Maindron Nicolas , Riss Patrick , Dammicco Sylvestre
Published: November 2022

N-succinimidyl-4-[18F]fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB), a widely used labeling agent to introduce the 4-[18F]fluorobenzoyl-prosthetic group, is normally obtained in three consecutive steps from [18F]fluoride ion. Here, we describe an efficient one-step labeling procedure of [18F]SFB starting from a tin precursor. This method circumvents volatile radioactive side-products and simplifies automatization. [18F]SFB was obtained after HPLC purification in a yield of 42 + 4% and a radiochemical purity (RCP) > 99% (n = 6). In addition, we investigate the automation of the coupling of [18F]SFB to a nanobody (cAbBcII10, targeting β-lactamase enzyme) and purification by size exclusion chromatography (PD-10 desalting column) to remove unconjugated reagent. Production and use of [18F]SFB were implemented on a radiosynthesis unit (Neptis®). The fully automated radiosynthesis process including purification and formulation required 160 min of synthesis time. [18F]SFB-labeled nanobody was obtained in a yield of 21 + 2% (activity yield 12 + 1% non-decay corrected) and a radiochemical purity (RCP) of > 95% (n = 3). This approach simplifies [18F]SFB synthesis to one-step, enhances the yield in comparison to the previous report and enables the production of radiolabeled nanobody on the same synthesis module.