bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tissue-Mimicking Materials for Breast Ultrasound Elastography Phantoms: A Systematic Review
Authors: Aldehani Wadhhah , Jawali Adel , Savaridas Sarah Louise , Huang Zhihong , Manfredi Luigi
Published: February 2025

Breast ultrasound elastography phantoms are valued for their ability to mimic human tissue, enabling calibration for quality assurance and testing of imaging systems. Phantoms may facilitate the development and evaluation of ultrasound techniques by accurately simulating the properties of breasts. However, selecting appropriate tissue-mimicking materials for realistic and accurate ultrasound exams is crucial to ensure the ultrasound system responds similarly to real breast tissue. We conducted a systematic review of the PubMed, Scopes, Embase, and Web of Sciences databases, identifying 928 articles in the initial search, of which 19 were selected for further evaluation based on our inclusion criteria. The chosen article focused on tissue-mimicking materials in breast ultrasound elastography phantom fabrication, providing detailed information on the fabrication process, the materials used, and ultrasound and elastography validation of phantoms. The phantoms fabricated from Polyvinyl Chloride Plastisol, silicon, and paraffin were best suited for mimicking breast, fatty, glandular, and parenchyma tissues. Adding scatterers to these materials facilitates accurate fatty and glandular breast tissue simulations, making them ideal for ultrasound quality assurance and elastography training. Future research should focus on developing more realistic phantoms for advanced medical training, improving the practice of difficult procedures, enhancing breast cancer detection research, and providing tailored tissue characteristics.
Algal-Based Carbonaceous Materials for Environmental Remediation: Advances in Wastewater Treatment, Carbon Sequestration, and Biofuel Applications
Authors: González Fernández Lázaro Adrián , Medellín Castillo Nahum Andrés , Sánchez Polo Manuel , Navarro Frómeta Amado Enrique , Vilasó Cadre Javier Ernesto
Published: February 2025

Water pollution from industrial, municipal, and agricultural sources is a pressing global concern, necessitating the development of sustainable and efficient treatment solutions. Algal biomass has emerged as a promising feedstock for the production of carbonaceous adsorbents due to its rapid growth, high photosynthetic efficiency, and ability to thrive in wastewater. This review examines the conversion of algal biomass into biochar and hydrochar through pyrolysis and hydrothermal processes, respectively, and evaluates their potential applications in wastewater treatment, carbon sequestration, and biofuel production. Pyrolyzed algal biochars typically exhibit a moderate to high carbon content and a porous structure but require activation treatments (e.g., KOH or ZnCl2) to enhance their surface area and adsorption capabilities. Hydrothermal carbonization, conducted at lower temperatures (180–260 °C), produces hydrochars rich in oxygenated functional groups with enhanced cation exchange capacities, making them effective for pollutant removal. Algal-derived biochars and hydrochars have been successfully applied for the adsorption of heavy metals, dyes, and pharmaceutical contaminants, with adsorption capacities significantly increasing through post-treatment modifications. Beyond wastewater treatment, algal biochars serve as effective carbon sequestration materials due to their stable structure and high carbon retention. Their application as soil amendments enhances long-term carbon storage and improves soil fertility. Additionally, algal biomass plays a key role in biofuel production, particularly for biodiesel synthesis, where microalgae’s high lipid content facilitates bio-oil generation. Hydrochars, with energy values in the range of 20–26 MJ/kg, are viable solid fuels for combustion and co-firing, supporting renewable energy generation. Furthermore, the integration of these materials into bioenergy systems allows for waste valorization, pollution control, and energy recovery, contributing to a sustainable circular economy. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of algal-derived biochars and hydrochars, emphasizing their physicochemical properties, adsorption performance, and post-treatment modifications. It explores their feasibility for large-scale wastewater remediation, carbon capture, and bioenergy applications, addressing current challenges and future research directions. By advancing the understanding of algal biomass as a multifunctional resource, this study highlights its potential for environmental sustainability and energy innovation.
Study of Particle Discharge from a Fluidized Bed: Experimental Investigation and Comparative Modeling Analysis
Authors: Ajalova Aisel , Chen Kaicheng , Hoffmann Torsten , Tsotsas Evangelos
Published: February 2025

Studying particle discharge rates in fluidized bed technology is important for optimizing continuous processes and improving product quality. This study investigates particle discharge, specifically the mass outflow rate, from a pilot-scale fluidized bed by means of experimental methods and mathematical modeling. The modeling uses various algebraic equations to predict the mass outflow rate and the time evolution of bed mass. Experiments in which these quantities were measured were conducted under different conditions, including varying mass inflow rates and process modes such as continuous and semi-batch. The results indicate that the mass outflow rate can be effectively modeled using existing equations from the literature, as well as a newly introduced equation, providing a comprehensive understanding of the holdup and discharge behavior of the fluidized bed. The newly introduced equation seems to perform better under transient conditions, being most appropriate for automatic control.
Widening the Circles of Dialogue: Paul VI and Interreligious Dialogue After 60 Years of Ecclesiam suam
Authors: Vázquez Jiménez Rafael
Published: February 2025

On the 60th anniversary of the publication of Paul VI’s encyclical Ecclesiam suam, dedicated to the issue of dialogue, we propose an analysis of this document focused on interreligious dialogue. We will identify the relationship between the encyclical, the theology of religions and the documents of the Second Vatican Council, focusing especially on the declaration Nostra aetate. In addition, we will point out how this encyclical has indirectly influenced the evolution of interreligious dialogue in the post-council period until today.
Nonoverlapping Spectral Ranges’ Hyperspectral Data Fusion Based on Combined Spectral Unmixing
Authors: Wang Yihao , Chen Jianyu , Mou Xuanqin , Liu Jia , Chen Tieqiao , Feng Xiangpeng , Qu Bo , Liu Jie , Zhang Geng , Li Siyuan
Published: February 2025

Due to the development of spectral remote sensing imaging technology, hyperspectral data in different spectral ranges, such as visible and near-infrared, short-wave infrared, etc., can be acquired simultaneously. Data fusion between these nonoverlapping spectral ranges’ hyperspectral data has become an urgent task. Most existing hyperspectral data fusion methods focus on two types of hyperspectral data with overlapping spectral ranges, requiring spectral response functions as a necessary condition, which is not applicable to this task. To address this issue, we propose the combined spectral unmixing fusion (CSUF) method, an unsupervised method with certain physical significance. It effectively solves the problem of hyperspectral data fusion with nonoverlapping spectral ranges through the two hyperspectral data point spread function estimation and combined spectral unmixing. Experiments on airborne datasets and HJ-2 satellite data show that, compared with various leading methods, our method achieves the best performance in terms of reference evaluation indicators such as the PSNR and SAM, as well as the non-reference evaluation indicator the QNR. Furthermore, we deeply analyze the spectral response relationship and the impact of the ratio of spectral bands between the fused data on the fusion effect, providing references for future research.
Deep Learning-Based Feature Matching Algorithm for Multi-Beam and Side-Scan Images
Authors: Fu Yu , Luo Xiaowen , Qin Xiaoming , Wan Hongyang , Cui Jiaxin , Huang Zepeng
Published: February 2025

Side-scan sonar and multi-beam echo sounder (MBES) are the most widely used underwater surveying tools in marine mapping today. The MBES offers high accuracy in depth measurement but is limited by low imaging resolution due to beam density constraints. Conversely, side-scan sonar provides high-resolution backscatter intensity images but lacks precise positional information and often suffers from distortions. Thus, MBES and side-scan images complement each other in depth accuracy and imaging resolution. To obtain high-quality seafloor topography images in practice, matching between MBES and side-scan images is necessary. However, due to the significant differences in content and resolution between MBES depth images and side-scan backscatter images, they represent a typical example of heterogeneous images, making feature matching difficult with traditional image matching methods. To address this issue, this paper proposes a feature matching network based on the LoFTR algorithm, utilizing the intermediate layers of the ResNet-50 network to extract shared features between the two types of images. By leveraging self-attention and cross-attention mechanisms, the features of the MBES and side-scan images are combined, and a similarity matrix of the two modalities is calculated to achieve mutual matching. Experimental results show that, compared to traditional methods, the proposed model exhibits greater robustness to noise interference and effectively reduces noise. It also overcomes challenges, such as large nonlinear differences, significant geometric distortions, and high matching difficulty between the MBES and side-scan images, significantly improving the optimized image matching results. The matching error RMSE has been reduced to within six pixels, enabling the accurate matching of multi-beam and side-scan images.
The Sustainability of a Dairy Cattle System in the Internal Area of Marmo Platano, Basilicata Region, Italy
Authors: Bragaglio Andrea , Marolda Gerardo Luigi , Mota-Rojas Daniel , Claps Salvatore , Mecca Gennaro , Romano Elio , Cutini Maurizio , Sepe Lucia
Published: February 2025

Some studies have shown that intensification improves the sustainability of bovine milk; however, this matter is controversial. The present study, performed in Southern Italy, in the Basilicata region, focuses on nine specialized dairy farms of the Marmo Platano internal area. These farms are characterized by a “low intensification profile”, and we estimated the sustainability of the Marmo Platano dairy system via life-cycle assessment using specific software. We chose 1 kg of refrigerated raw milk as the functional unit and four impact categories: global warming potential, non-renewable energy use, fossil depletion, and agricultural land occupation. All impact category values fell within the ranges in the bibliography. Economic allocation, a criterion led by the market value of milk and culled cows (and their ratio), significantly (p < 0.05) affected the global warming potential and agricultural land occupation of two farms (1.38 kg CO2 eq and 2.48 m2y−1 as the system mean), while it did not affect the fossil depletion of the entire system, i.e., 138 g of oil as the mean. After allocation, the system showed three different profiles (p < 0.05) of non-renewable energy use (average value 6.31 MJ), despite its closeness with fossil depletion. Despite the aptness of Marmo Platano, the animals are not grazed, whereas full barn housing ensures satisfactory milk yields. Mainly driven by its low input characteristics, implying a low culling rate, the system proved to be sustainable.
Spectral Super-Resolution Technology Based on Fabry–Perot Interferometer for Temporally and Spatially Modulated Fourier Transform Imaging Spectrometer
Authors: Zhang Yu , Lv Qunbo , Wang Jianwei , Tang Yinhui , Si Jia , Chen Xinwen , Liu Yangyang
Published: February 2025

A new spectral super-resolution technique was proposed by combining the Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) with Temporally and Spatially Modulated Fourier Transform Imaging Spectrometer (TSMFTIS). This study uses the multi-beam interference of the FPI to modulate the target spectrum periodically, and it acquires the modulated interferogram through TSMFTIS. The combined interference of the two techniques overcomes the limitations of the maximum optical path difference (OPD) on spectral resolution. FPI is used to encode high-frequency interference information into low-frequency interference information, proposing an inversion algorithm to recover high-frequency information, studying the impact of FPI optical defects on the system, and proposing targeted improvement algorithms. The simulation results indicate that this method can achieve multi-component joint interference imaging, improving spectral resolution by twofold. This technology offers advantages such as high throughput, stability, simple and compact structure, straightforward principles, high robustness, and low cost. It provides new insights into TSMFTIS spectral super-resolution research.
A Preprocessing Method for Insulation Pull Rod Defect Dataset Based on the YOLOv5s Object Detection Network
Authors: Li Xuetong , Cong Meng , Liu Bo , Fan Xianhao , Qin Weiqi , Liang Fangwei , Li Chuanyang , He Jinliang
Published: February 2025

Insulation pull rods used in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) inevitably contain the micro defects generated during production. The intelligent identification method, which requires large datasets with a balanced distribution of defect types, is regarded as the prevailing way to avoid insulation faults. However, the number of defective pull rods is limited, and the occurrence of different types of defects is highly imbalanced in actual production, leading to poor recognition performance. Thus, this work proposes a data preprocessing method for the insulation pull rod defect feature dataset. In this work, the YOLOv5s algorithm is used to detect defects in insulation pull rod images, creating a dataset with five defect categories. Two preprocessing methods for impurities and bubbles are introduced, including copy–paste within images and bounding box corrections for hair-like impurities. The results show that these two methods can specifically enhance small-sized defect targets while maintaining the detection performance for other types of targets. In contrast, the proposed method integrates copy–paste within images with Mosaic data augmentation and corrects bounding boxes for hair-like impurities significantly improving the model’s performance.
Breaking Commuting Habits: Are Unexpected Urban Disruptions an Opportunity for Shared Autonomous Vehicles?
Authors: La Delfa Alessandro , Han Zheng
Published: February 2025

While extensive research has examined how major life events affect travel habits, less attention has been paid to the impact of minor environmental changes on commuting behavior, particularly regarding shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs). This study investigated how daily disruptions and incremental environmental changes influence commuter behavior patterns and SAV adoption in Shanghai, applying the theory of interpersonal behavior framework. The study surveyed 517 Shanghai residents, examining travel satisfaction, commuting habits, psychological factors (such as habit strength and satisfaction), and attitudes towards SAVs. Structural equation modeling was employed to test hypotheses about psychological factors influencing SAV adoption, while logistic regression analyzed how these factors affected mode choice across different disruption contexts. Analysis revealed that psychological factors, particularly habit and satisfaction, were stronger predictors of SAV adoption than attitude-based factors. Route obstructions and workplace relocations significantly increased SAV consideration. Even minor, recurring disruptions, such as construction zones, showed strong effects on commuting behavior, supporting the habit discontinuity hypothesis and emphasizing the importance of minor disruptions in driving behavioral change. The study extends the theory of interpersonal behavior by integrating habit discontinuity theory to explain how minor disruptions drive SAV adoption. This research provides actionable insights for urban planners and policymakers, recommending that SAV trials and targeted interventions be implemented during infrastructure changes or other commuting disruptions to promote SAV adoption and foster more sustainable transportation systems.
Rapid Adsorption of Ammonium on Coffee Husk and Chicken Manure-Derived Biochars: Mechanisms Unveiled by Chemical Speciation, Physical, and Spectroscopic Approaches
Authors: Morais Everton Geraldo de , Silva Carlos Alberto , Gao Suduan , Melo Leônidas Carrijo Azevedo , Benevenute Pedro Antônio Namorato , Lago Bruno Cocco , Teodoro Jéssica Cristina , Guilherme Luiz Roberto Guimarães
Published: February 2025

Biochars have emerged as a sustainable technology for converting waste into high-value, stable carbon products. Depending on its properties, biochar can retain various elements, including nitrogen (N) as ammonium (N-NH4+). This study aimed to evaluate the rapid retention of N-NH4+ in biochars produced from coffee husk (CH) and chicken manure (CM) at different pyrolysis temperatures (PTs) (300 °C, 400 °C, and 900 °C) and investigate the mechanisms involved. A rapid N-NH4+ adsorption experiment was conducted, in which an NH4Cl solution was passed through the biochars. The following analyses were performed: cation exchange capacity (CEC), surface area, pore volume and size, total N content, N retention, infrared analysis (ATR-FTIR), and leachate solution analysis, followed by chemical speciation using Visual MINTEQ software. The results indicated that different mechanisms were involved in rapid N-NH4+ retention. In CH-derived biochars produced at 300 °C, N-NH4+ retention occurred primarily through electrostatic interactions with negative charges (CEC), as confirmed by ATR-FTIR analysis. In CM-derived biochars produced at 400 °C, N-NH4+ retention was mainly through the formation of struvite (NH4MgPO4·6H2O), as confirmed by chemical speciation of leachate solution in Visual MINTEQ. In CH-derived biochars produced at 900 °C, N-NH4+ ions were trapped in the pores of the charred matrix due to the increased biochar surface area, pore volume, and decreased pore size. The biochars studied proved effective in retaining N-NH4+ through different mechanisms, suggesting that biochars can enhance rapid N retention and reduce N leaching, potentially serving as a source of N for crops.
Research on Incentive Mechanisms in the Data Market Based on a Multitask Principal–Agent Model
Authors: Jiang Nan , Ma Yiwen
Published: February 2025

In the Web 2.0 era, data have emerged as a pivotal element in driving the sustainable development of the digital economy. Data markets play a crucial role in enhancing the circulation and allocation of data as a production factor, thereby supporting sustainable development goals. Through a comparative analysis of China’s data market dynamics and global trends, we identify systemic challenges in reconciling data security and market circulation. This study introduces a multitask principal–agent model grounded in mechanism design theory, examining the relationship between the data market regulator (principal) and the data exchange platform (agent) to develop a comprehensive incentive mechanism that optimizes both data circulation and security. The study finds that factors such as the marginal cost of public resources, data security uncertainty, the absolute risk aversion of the data exchange platform, and the marginal social benefit of data security significantly influence the effectiveness of these incentive mechanisms. These insights provide actionable guidance for subsequent policymaking.
Benchmarking Sustainable, Low-Carbon Transport in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Through a Novel Indicator Assessment
Authors: Fulton Lewis M. , Medimorec Nikola , Serafimova Teodora , Ankunda Genevivie , Cazzola Pierpaolo , Teter Jacob , Andrieu Vera-Marie , Lah Oliver , Mejia Alvin
Published: February 2025

The Transport Decarbonisation Index (TDI) is a novel indicator-based diagnostic toolkit designed to help low- and middle-income countries benchmark their surface transport systems’ readiness for sustainability and decarbonisation. The TDI employs 30 indicators, classified into eight dimensions covering sustainable, low-carbon transport. The dimensions were identified using a four-phase approach. Through pilot testing in 12 countries across Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, the TDI benchmarks transport performance, enabling policymakers to prioritise actions to reduce emissions and enhance transport sustainability. While the pilot countries scored relatively well based on the defined ranges and thresholds on indicators such as per capita transport greenhouse gas emissions and finance, they performed less well on public transport availability and electrification. The pilot phase revealed significant gaps for African countries in freight transport activity data and highlighted the need for improved data collection. Additionally, several metrics, including equity and informal transport, were not readily available. The TDI can be a valuable tool for benchmarking performance and informing policy decisions by offering a nuanced understanding of key transport dimensions and policy options. Although the TDI provides insights for policymaking, it is not a standalone solution and requires further analysis and stakeholder engagement for effective implementation.
Biomass Hydrochar: A Critical Review of Process Chemistry, Synthesis Methodology, and Applications
Authors: Ighalo Joshua O. , Akaeme Florence C. , Georgin Jordana , de Oliveira Jivago Schumacher , Franco Dison S. P.
Published: February 2025

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a novel thermochemical process that turns biomass into hydrochar, a substance rich in carbon that has potential uses in advanced material synthesis, energy production, and environmental remediation. With an emphasis on important chemical pathways, such as dehydration, decarboxylation, and polymerization, that control the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into useful hydrochar, this review critically investigates the fundamental chemistry of HTC. A detailed analysis is conducted on the effects of process variables on the physicochemical characteristics of hydrochar, including temperature, pressure, biomass composition, water ratio, and residence time. Particular focus is placed on new developments in HTC technology that improve sustainability and efficiency, like recirculating process water and microwave-assisted co-hydrothermal carbonization. Furthermore, the improvement of adsorption capacity for organic contaminants and heavy metals is explored in relation to the functionalization and chemical activation of hydrochar, namely through surface modification and KOH treatment. The performance of hydrochar and biochar in adsorption, catalysis, and energy storage is compared, emphasizing the unique benefits and difficulties of each substance. Although hydrochar has a comparatively high higher heating value (HHV) and can be a good substitute for coal, issues with reactor design, process scalability, and secondary waste management continue to limit its widespread use. In order to maximize HTC as a sustainable and profitable avenue for biomass valorization, this study addresses critical research gaps and future initiatives.
Spatial Synergy Between Cultural Heritage and Metro Networks: A Case Study of Distribution Patterns and Value Assessment in Beijing
Authors: Hu Haisheng
Published: February 2025

With the rapid advancement of urbanisation and transit networks, exploring the spatial relationship between metro systems and cultural heritage is crucial for both heritage preservation and sustainable urban development. This study uses the nearest neighbour index, kernel density analysis, and spatial value evaluation to examine the distribution patterns of cultural heritage in Beijing and its spatial interaction with the metro network. The results show that different types of cultural heritage have distinct distribution characteristics: stone inscriptions are widely dispersed due to their need for preservation in natural settings; traditional villages and ancient tombs are shaped by historical and geographical factors; and industrial heritage is concentrated in areas of historical industrial activity, reflecting strong functional zoning traits. The metro network enhances the accessibility of cultural heritage, especially national- and provincial-level sites, which are predominantly clustered near metro stations. However, geographically isolated world heritage sites, such as the Great Wall and the Ming Tombs, remain less connected to the metro network, helping preserve their authenticity and avoid overdevelopment. Furthermore, thematic designs and cultural displays within Beijing’s metro stations successfully bridge the gap between history and modernity, positioning metro stations as key platforms for cultural dissemination. Nevertheless, metro construction presents challenges to heritage conservation, including potential impacts on site stability due to tunnelling and conflicts between modern station design and the aesthetic integrity of historic districts. These findings offer practical insights for cultural heritage preservation and transit planning in Beijing and serve as a reference for the sustainable development of other historic cities worldwide.
Research on Urban Road Design Method in South China Based on Climate Zoning
Authors: Chang Huanyu , Wang Xuesen , Fang Naren , Yu Kang
Published: February 2025

The urban climate in South China is marked by high complexity and substantial precipitation, posing significant challenges to road performance. This study focuses on the importance of precise climate zoning for urban roads in South China and the application of performance grade (PG) asphalt grading technology to enhance pavement durability. Meteorological data from multiple stations across the region were analyzed to identify key climatic indicators. Using spatial interpolation methods and fuzzy c-means clustering, urban roads were classified into five distinct climate zones. Zone I has the highest temperature; Zone II experiences the lowest temperature, necessitating attention to low-temperature pavement cracking; Zone III exhibits greater temperature variability, requiring consideration of both low-temperature cracking and water stability; Zone IV demonstrates relatively stable climatic conditions; and Zone V receives the highest precipitation, demanding a focus on water stability in pavement design. Trend analysis indicates increasing precipitation across all zones except Zone II and a general rise in minimum temperatures, suggesting a diminishing influence of low-temperature conditions. By integrating the Strategic Highway Research Program temperature conversion method and PG classification technology, this study provides asphalt grade recommendations tailored to each climate zone, addressing diverse environmental challenges and optimizing pavement performance.
A Geometric Berry Phase Angle Induced in Im-3m H3S at 200 GPa by Ultra-Fast Laser Pulses
Authors: Hong Genwei , Zhou Xinjie , He Huan , Xu Tianlv , Früchtl Herbert , van Mourik Tanja , Zhai Yaxin , Kirk Steven R. , Jenkins Samantha
Published: February 2025

We investigated Im-3m H3S at 200 GPa, a pressure regime where crystalline H3S is widely considered to be a superconductor. Simulated circularly polarized 10 femtosecond (fs) laser pulses were applied and we quantified the effects on the electron dynamics both during the application of the ultra-fast laser pulse and 5.0 fs after the pulse was switched off. In addition, the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) angle ϕ, which quantifies the relationship between the time-varying direction of electric (E)-field and the amplitude envelope, is employed to control the time evolution of the wavefunction ψ(r). This is undertaken for the first application of Next Generation Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (NG-QTAIM) to the solid state. Ultra-fast phenomena related to superconductivity are discovered in the form of a geometric Berry phase angle associated with the H--H bonding in addition to very high values of the chirality–helicity function that correspond to values normally found in chiral molecules. Future applications are discussed, including chiral spin selective phenomena in addition to high-temperature superconductivity and organic superconductors where phonons do not play a significant role.
Kinematic Fuzzy Logic-Based Controller for Trajectory Tracking of Wheeled Mobile Robots in Virtual Environments
Authors: Pérez-Juárez José G. , García-Martínez José R. , Medina Santiago Alejandro , Cruz-Miguel Edson E. , Olmedo-García Luis F. , Barra-Vázquez Omar A. , Rojas-Hernández Miguel A.
Published: February 2025

Mobile robots represent one of the most relevant areas of study within robotics due to their potential for designing and developing new nonlinear control structures that can be implemented in simulations and applications in specific environments. In this work, a fuzzy steering controller with a symmetric distribution of fuzzy numbers is proposed and designed for implementation in the kinematic model of a non-holonomic mobile robot. The symmetry in the distribution of triangular fuzzy numbers contributes to a balanced response to disturbances and minimizes systematic errors in direction estimation. Additionally, it improves the system’s adaptability to various reference paths, ensuring accurate tracking and optimized performance in robot navigation. Furthermore, this fuzzy logic-based controller emulates the behavior of a classic PID controller by offering a robust and flexible alternative to traditional methods. A virtual environment was also developed using the UNITY platform to evaluate the performance of the fuzzy controller. The results were evaluated by considering the average tracking error, maximum error, steady-state error, settling time, and total distance traveled, emphasizing the trajectory error. The circular trajectory showed high accuracy with an average error of 0.0089 m, while the cross trajectory presented 0.01814 m, reflecting slight deviations in the turns. The point-to-point trajectory registered a more significant error of 0.9531 m due to abrupt transitions, although with effective corrections in a steady state. The simulation results validate the robustness of the proposed fuzzy controller, providing quantitative insights into its precision and efficiency in a virtual environment, and demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposal.
Report on Eight Unrecorded Species of Freshwater Oligochaetes in Korea
Authors: Lee Jeounghee
Published: February 2025

Freshwater oligochaetes, belonging to the class Oligochaeta, are vital components of aquatic ecosystems globally, contributing significantly to nutrient cycling, sediment dynamics, and overall ecosystem function. Despite their ecological importance, freshwater oligochaetes in Korea remain relatively understudied compared to other aquatic organisms. This study aimed to enhance our understanding of the diversity and ecological roles of freshwater oligochaetes in Korean aquatic ecosystems. We identified nine species across six genera and two subfamilies from samples collected from various freshwater environments in Korea. This research contributes valuable taxonomic knowledge and highlights the ecological significance of freshwater oligochaetes in Korean aquatic ecosystems.
Deciphering the Neurotoxic Effects of Karenia selliformis
Authors: Aballay-González Ambbar , Panes-Fernández Jessica , Alves-de-Souza Catharina , Krock Bernd , Gallardo-Rodríguez Juan José , Espinoza-Rubilar Nicole , Fuentealba Jorge , Astuya-Villalón Allisson
Published: February 2025

Karenia selliformis is a globally recognized dinoflagellate associated with harmful algal blooms and massive fish kills along southern Chilean coasts. Its toxicity varies with environmental factors and genetic diversity. While K. selliformis is traditionally linked to neurotoxins like gymnodimines (GYMs), analysis of the strain CREAN-KS02 from Chile’s Aysén Region (43° S) revealed no presence of toxins associated with this genus, such as gymnodimines, brevetoxins, or brevenal. Given the high toxicity and impact on marine life, our study aimed to functionally characterize the neurotoxic metabolites in the exudate of K. selliformis cultures. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using a Neuro-2a cell-based assay (CBA), determining an IC50 of 2.41 ± 0.02 μg mL−1. The incubation of Neuro-2a cells with the bioactive lipophilic extract obtained from the exudate of K. selliformis and the ouabain/veratridine couple showed activation of voltage-gated ion channels. Electrophysiological recordings on cultured mouse hippocampal neurons showed that the extract increased cell excitability in a dose-dependent manner, modulating action potential firing and exhibiting an opposed effect to tetrodotoxin. These findings indicate the presence of excitatory neurotoxic compounds affecting mammalian cells. This study provides the first mechanistic evidence of K. selliformis toxicity and highlights potential risks associated with its proliferation in marine environments.
Impact of Furfural Residue Combined with Desulphurized Gypsum on Saline–Alkali Soil Water–Salt and Infiltration Characteristics
Authors: Shen Jingli , Cai Jinjun , Wang Xu , Fan Liqin , Wu Xia , Chen Wenqian
Published: February 2025

The core of saline–alkali soil improvement lies in salt leaching by water and reducing alkalinity by improved materials such as acid material or desulphurized gypsum. This study conducted simulation experiments to clarify the impact of furfural residue combined with desulfurization gypsum on saline–alkali soil water–salt and infiltration characteristics in Ningxia. Based on a consistent leaching water volume of 4500 m3/hm2 and a furfural residue application amount of 7.5 t/hm2, the experiment established three desulfurization gypsum application amounts of 15 t/hm2, 22.5 t/hm2, and 30 t/hm2, with a control group that received no improved materials. The effects of different application amounts of desulfurization gypsum on water and salt distributions, alkalinity, infiltration rate, cumulative infiltration volume, and wetting front of saline–alkali soil were elucidated, and the Philip infiltration model was employed to fit the variations in cumulative infiltration volume. The results indicated the following: (1) Compared to the control group, the application of furfural residue and desulfurization gypsum resulted in an average reduction of 36.7% in soil alkalinity. The enhanced hydraulic conductivity of saline–alkali soil promoted the infiltration of water into deeper soil layers. The desalination effect in the 0–60 cm soil layer was significant; however, excessive application of desulfurization gypsum could lead to the accumulation of salts in soil layers below 80 cm. (2) The downward movement depth of the wetting front, cumulative infiltration volume, and infiltration rate all demonstrated a power function relationship with the infiltration time, with a coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 0.97. Additionally, the infiltration rate exhibited a linear correlation with the square root of the reciprocal of infiltration time, achieving an R2 exceeding 0.99. (3) The Philip infiltration model is suitable for describing the relationship between cumulative infiltration volume and infiltration time. Therefore, the application of 7.5 t/hm2 of furfural residue and 22.5 t/hm2 of desulfurization gypsum can effectively improve the saline–alkali soils in Ningxia.
Comprehensive Mega-Data Analysis of Water Use Efficiency in Winter Wheat and Its Influencing Factors
Authors: Wang Keke , Liu Haijun , Zhou Xueqing , Tang Xiaopei
Published: February 2025

Increasing water use efficiency (WUE) is a key way to produce high crop yield under water resources deficit regions. North China produces approximately 60% of the total Chinese wheat while suffering great water shortages. Therefore, this paper aims to find out the main factors and their mechanisms that affect the WUE of winter wheat in North China. In this study, we analyzed the yield and the WUE of winter wheat and the influencing factors based on mega data from published papers. We found that climate conditions, irrigation and fertilization management, and tillage measures are the three main factors that greatly influence wheat yield production. Aiming for high yield and WUE in North China, the optimal average annual temperature is 10–15 °C, and seasonal precipitation is 150–200 mm. The recommended optimal irrigation water amount is 160–240 mm and the suitable irrigation methods are drip and sprinkler irrigation. The optimal application amount of both nitrogen and phosphorous (equivalent to P2O5) is 150–200 kg·ha−1. Both deep loosening tillage and rotary tillage can produce higher yield and WUE. Ridge and flat cultivation produce similar wheat yield and WUE, and flat cultivation is recommended due to its’ ease of machine working. The results of this study can help farmers and agricultural extension specialists select appropriate methods to enhance wheat yield and WUE and may help develop a sustainable agriculture system for high wheat production in North China.
Sistematização dos obstáculos conceituais e procedimentais ao SCEA
Authors: Gois Alexsandro Barreto , Nogueira Jorge Madeira
Published: February 2025

A necessidade de indicadores de sustentabilidade é latente desde o início das discussões das variáveis macroeconômicas que compõem o SCN, para o cálculo do PIB. Ao longo dessas discussões, diversos indicadores sustentáveis foram criados, mas nenhum que isoladamente pudesse responder a essa necessidade, à exceção do PIB Verde, por meio da estrutura do SCEA. Assim, para o desenvolvimento do SCEA há possíveis obstáculos conceituais e procedimentais que porventura podem fragilizar esse trabalho. Contudo, o estudo desses obstáculos objetivou minimizar os riscos potenciais para essa solução. Nesse contexto, a Macroeconomia Ambiental é um instrumento que apoia o desenvolvimento dos caminhos necessários a serem percorridos. Foi realizada uma síntese da importância do framework da ONU para o desenvolvimento do SCEA e as contribuições para a Environmental Accounting. Destarte, a Contabilidade Ambiental é uma ferramenta tão importante que já houve estudos para o TCU implementar dos seus jurisdicionados como forma de prestação de contas ambiental. Por meio dos dados desta pesquisa, conclui-se que os possíveis obstáculos conceituais e procedimentais podem fragilizar o adequado desenvolvimento do SCEA, que é uma ferramenta imprescindível para a instrumentalização de políticas públicas e para o processo de tomada de decisão. A relevância desta pesquisa compreendeu a identificação dos possíveis obstáculos conceituais e procedimentos para o SCEA, que contribuem para o desenvolvimento da Environmental Accounting, tendo em vista a ausência de pesquisas anteriores que sistematizem esses obstáculos.
Impacto da região sul do Brasil relacionada às internações e óbitos por acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico, transitório e síndrome correlacionadas
Authors: Carvalho Pedro Carrión , Goedert Amanda , Voltolini Giovana Busnardo , Chiaratti Vitória Kovarini Carmona , Rieg José Arthur Rubick , Francisco Júlia Costa , Pinto Maria Eduarda , Schneider Vinicius , Davidoff Luiza , Trois Melissa Becker
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: identificar o impacto da região sul do Brasil relacionado às internações por acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico transitório e síndromes correlacionadas. Metodologia: Estudo ecológico de abordagem analítica entre 2018 a agosto de 2024, a partir de dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e Sistemas de Informações Hospitalares do SUS. Foram buscados dados acerca da morbidade e taxas de internação. Ademais, foi feita revisão bibliográfica a partir das bases de dados PubMed e Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), e Google Acadêmico para melhor interpretação dos dados. Resultados: Foi possível observar que a região sul do país registrou 32.237 internações, representando 25% das internações totais do país, além disso, foram registrados 2.916 óbitos, o que representa 23,90% dos registros nacionais. O estado do Rio Grande do Sul, apresenta o segundo maior número de internações 14.915 e óbitos 1.387. Já o estado do Paraná apresenta o terceiro maior número de internações entre os estados com o registro de 12.534 e o quarto maior número de óbitos com 1.008. Por fim, o estado de Santa Catarina, registrou 6.788 internações e 521 óbitos, sendo assim o sétimo estado com maior impacto, quando se comparado com os demais estados. Conclusão: Os estados da região sul do Brasil, têm um impacto significativo no cenário nacional, se tornando necessário a realização de novosestudos para o entendimento dessa problemática, para que assim ocorra a realização de novas políticas para melhoria na assistência à saúde no que diz respeito à prevenção e promoção.
Trauma perfurante na região toracoabdominal: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Neta Carolina Oliveira Pereira Esteves , Carreiro Ana Clara Barros Porto , Périssé Juliana de Albuquerque , Cerqueira Clara Defante Appolinário , Gomes Victor Hugo Pereira
Published: February 2025

O trauma perfurante toracoabdominal ocorre entre a linha mamária superiormente, e inferiormente até o 8º espaço intercostal¹. Com uma mortalidade de até 71%², essas lesões possuem uma importância epidemiológica, sobretudo em países como o Brasil, e envolve acometimentos de órgãos nobres, como o coração e vasos menos acessíveis com potencial de sangramentos volumosos. Os objetivos desta revisão sistemática sobre traumas perfurantes na região toracoabdominal, envolvem reunir dados da literatura sobre as lesões penetrantes na região toracoabdominal; observar os fundamentos científicos consagrados e as atualizações sobre o assunto e destacar as experiências de sucesso no diagnóstico das lesões e manejo do trauma perfurante toracoabdominal. Foram utilizados os descritores nos bancos “PubMed” e "Embase": "trauma ou lesion", 'penetrating injury' ou 'stab wound' " e “thoracoabdominal". Critérios de inclusão: (1) estudos observacionais ou randomizados; (2) pacientes com lesão penetrante em região toracoabdominal; (3) artigos ou resumos disponíveis. Nenhuma restrição de tempo ou idioma foi aplicada. Identificamos 152 artigos e incluímos 75 estudos publicados entre 1980 e 2020. Dois artigos²³  destacaram uma maior ocorrência de trauma toracoabdominal nos fins de semana (75%) e outros dois demonstraram uma associação ao uso de entorpecentes, apresentando um percentual de até 26,5%. Em relação ao sequenciamento inicial, a maior taxa de indicação de laparotomia ou toracotomia, devido à instabilidade hemodinâmica foi de 37% dos pacientes¹. Para os pacientes mais estáveis, recursos indiretos ou menos invasivos demonstraram percentuais acima de 65% de acurácia diagnóstica (gráfico 1). Lesões de órgãos sólidos, de vísceras ocas e diafragmáticas, hemotórax, pneumotórax, pneumomediastino, tamponamento cardíaco, também indicaram algum tipo de intervenção. Ademais, choque hemorrágico, sepse, síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo, foram algumas complicações associadas à mortalidade. Os estudos foram heterogêneos, trazendo diferentes aspectos diagnósticos e terapêuticos importantes para indicar tratamento cirúrgico ou conservador. Casos graves com indicação cirúrgica e evolução mais aguda, ainda são um desafio, pois há dificuldade na decisão de qual cavidade abordar primeiro e nesse sentido, estudos futuros podem favorecer a otimização do atendimento, esclarecendo essas situações.
Ultrapassar barreiras linguísticas e culturais na enfermagem: reflexão sobre a prática de enfermagem em saúde materno-infantojuvenil
Authors: Ferreira Rafaela Simões , Pereira Maria Cristina , Cascão Susana
Published: February 2025

Introdução: Este artigo reflete sobre uma experiência significativa ocorrida durante o ensino clínico na área de enfermagem de saúde Materno-Infantojuvenil, onde foi analisada a dificuldade de comunicação com uma utente de 18 anos, de origem paquistanesa, no contexto de uma consulta e vacinação. Problemática: Considerando a crescente multiculturalidade nos cuidados de saúde, o problema centra-se na dificuldade de comunicação devido à barreira linguística. Objetivos: Refletir sobre os desafios enfrentados e propor estratégias para promover uma prática de enfermagem mais inclusiva e culturalmente competente. Metodologia: A reflexão foi orientada segundo o modelo de Gibbs), fundamentada em literatura científica e com base no Código Deontológico da Ordem dos Enfermeiros Overcoming Linguistic and Cultural Barriers in Nursing: Reflection on Nursing Practice in Maternal and Child Health. Resultados: Observou-se que a barreira linguística impossibilitou a realização de diagnósticos de enfermagem complementares, destacando a necessidade de recursos como intérpretes, materiais informativos traduzidos e modelos estruturados como o HEADSSS para abordar temas relevantes, como saúde sexual e reprodutiva. Conclusão: O desenvolvimento de competências culturais na prática de enfermagem é essencial para garantir uma prestação de cuidados equitativa e humanizada, promovendo o bem-estar, a autonomia e a dignidade dos utentes.
¬Atividade antibacteriana in vitro, do óleo essencial de Mentha piperita frente à Enterococcus faecalis: uma revisão
Authors: Guerim Pedro Henrique Fortes , Barbosa Arthur Brites , Marquezan Patricia
Published: February 2025

Enterococcus faecalis é uma bactéria que se responsabiliza por infecções na cavidade oral. O microrganismo apresenta fatores de virulência (sistema de bombeamento de prótons; adesinas; bacteriocinas; superantígenos) que favorecem a resistência a possíveis tratamentos.Assim, buscam-se alternativas antibacterianas/antibiofilmes naturais e eficazes para controlar tais fatores que acarretam a patogenicidade. Nesse contexto a planta Mentha piperita, conhecida como Hortelã-pimenta, urge como uma opção frente a sua ação antimicrobiana apresentada em vários artigos. Em vista disso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o que há na literatura científica a respeito da planta Mentha piperita frente a bactéria E.faecalis. Realizaram-se buscas utilizando os descritores: ‘Antibacterial agents; dental plaque; Enterococcus faecalis; Mentha piperita’ unidos pelos operadores booleanos “OR” and “AND”, nas bases de dados: Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS), Cochrane Library, Google Acadêmico e PubMed/MEDLINE. As buscas foram realizadas por um único pesquisador no período de fevereiro de 2025. Encontraram-se 128 artigos, após a remoção de duplicatas e avaliação de título e resumo, foram refinados em 6 para a realização do presente estudo. O óleo essencial de Mentha piperita apresenta resultados satisfatórios e promissores frente a E.faecalis, entretanto são necessários mais estudos que avaliem a toxicidade do óleo frente a células humanas.