bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Особенности олигополистического рынка Российской Федерации
Authors: Марьина А.В. , Васильева А.С.
Published: January 2025

В статье исследуется вид несовершенной конкуренции – олигополия. Дано понятие олигополии, проанализированы ее признак на российском рынке. Рассмотрены виды продуктов в олигополии, барьеры входа на рынок, а также проведен анализ российских компаний, которые работают в условиях олигополии. Выявлены основные причины успеха олигополистических фирм на рынке. Рассмотрены положительные и отрицательные стороны олигополии, ее эффективность, а также модель поведения потребителей в олигополии. Сделаны выводы. Цель статьи изучить особенности олигополистического рынка Российской Федерации.

The article explores the type of imperfect competition - oligopoly. The concept of oligopoly is given, its feature in the Russian market is analyzed. The types of products in the oligopoly, the barriers to entry into the market, and the analysis of Russian companies operating in the conditions of an oligopoly are examined. The main reasons for the success of oligopolistic firms in the market are identified. The positive and negative sides of the oligopoly, its effectiveness, as well as the model of consumer behavior in the oligopoly are considered. Conclusions are drawn. The purpose of the article is to study the features of the oligopolistic market of the Russian Federation.
Организация финансового контроля в учреждениях здравоохранения на примере КГБУЗ «Спасская городская больница»
Authors: Гордиенко И.А. , Москалец В.Д.
Published: January 2025

рассмотреть организацию внутреннего финансового контроля КГБУЗ «Спасская городская больница» и изучить теоретические основы организации внутреннего финансового контроля бюджетных учреждений здравоохранения.

consider the organization of internal financial control KGBYZ «Spasskaya gorodskaya bol'nitsa» and study the theoretical foundations of organizing internal financial control of budgetary healthcare institutions.
Теоретические исследование сущности и природы процессов долларизации
Authors: Цогоева М.И. , Цогоева Э.Т.
Published: January 2025

В некоторых странах национальная валюта замещается иностранной. В экономической литературе активно обсуждается теоретические аспекты процессов валютного замещения. В статье нашли отражение основные исследования в этом направлении.

In some countries, the national currency is replaced by a foreign one. The economic literature actively discusses the theoretical aspects of the processes of currency substitution. The article reflected the main research in this direction.
Управление трудовым затратами при передаче функций между профильными предприятиями винк
Authors: Корякова А.В.
Published: January 2025

Статья посвящена оптимизации рабочей силы предприятия при передаче функций между профильными предприятиями для получения экономического эффекта. В статье рассматривается пошаговый алгоритм, в котором прописаны этапы для анализа эффективности работы с целью устранения дублирования функций, состоящий из шести этапов. В статье представлен пример матрицы функциональной карты и вариант ее заполнения для оценки и анализа эффективности работы, пример таблицы количественного анализа функций сотрудников. На основании работы были выведены пути решений для модернизации рабочей силы. Автором были изучены труды русских и зарубежных ученых.

The article is devoted to optimizing the workforce of an enterprise when transferring functions between core enterprises in order to obtain economic benefits. The article discusses a step-by-step algorithm in which steps are prescribed for analyzing work efficiency in order to eliminate duplication of functions, consisting of six stages. The article presents an example of a matrix of a functional map and a variant of its filling in to evaluate and analyze work efficiency, an example of a table of a quantitative analysis of employee functions. Based on the work, solutions were developed for modernizing the workforce. The author has studied the works of Russian and foreign scientist
Экспериментальное изучение речевой коммуникации у старших дошкольников с общим недоразвитием речи iii уровень
Authors: Тарасенко А.С. , Дубровина Т.И.
Published: January 2025

В статье приводятся результаты экспериментального изучения речевой коммуникации у старших дошкольников с общим недоразвитием речи (ОНР) III уровня. Выявлен вариативный характер нарушений речи, установлены уровни речевого развития, а также определена ведущая формы общения ребёнка со взрослым, сверстниками в совместной деятельности и умение вести диалог. Отмечается своеобразие процесса общения, коммуникативного поведения и речевого развития у детей данной категории.

the article presents the results of an experimental study of speech communication in older preschoolers with General speech underdevelopment (ONR) of level III. The variable nature of speech disorders was revealed, the levels of speech development were established, and the leading forms of communication between a child and an adult, peers in joint activities and the ability to conduct a dialogue were determined. The author notes the peculiarity of the process of communication, communicative behavior and speech development in children of this category.
Исследование социальной ответственности бизнеса
Authors: Семенова О.А.
Published: January 2025

в статье рассматривается понятие экологической ответственности и его социально-экономическое значение. Автор выделяет главные факторы обеспечения экологической ответственности и определяет ее место в системах управления; основным способом реализации экологической ответственности со стороны компаний и организаций является СОБ.

the article deals with the concept of environmental responsibility and its socio-economic significance. The author identifies the main factors of ensuring environmental responsibility and determines its place in management systems; The main way of implementing environmental responsibility on the part of companies and organizations is social responsibility of the business.
Грамотное вложение денежных средств
Authors: Пазин А.А.
Published: January 2025

Данная статья посвящена исследованию путей грамотного вложения денежных средств. Для начала мы рассмотрим, что такое инвестиции, почему инвестирование необходимо в современном мире. Для этого было рассмотрено несколько вариантов, куда можно выгодно инвестировать средства с целью получения дохода. Затем проанализируем области, куда можно вложить деньги, чтобы вложенные средства принесли доход. Затем мы рассмотрим характеристики каждого варианта, а также проанализируем риски, которые могут быть в каждом случае. Таким образом, проанализировав риски, мы сможем понять, инвестирование в какие места станет более безопасным, куда – более выгодным, а куда – менее. После изучения данной статьи студент сможет понять, что такое инвестирование и куда можно инвестировать деньги.

This article is devoted to the study of ways to invest money correctly. To begin with, we will consider what investment is, why investment is necessary in the modern world. To do this, several options were considered where you can invest money profitably in order to generate income. After we analyze the areas where you can invest, so that the invested funds will bring income. Then we will consider the characteristics of each option, as well as analyze the risks that may be in each case. Thus, by analyzing the risks, we will be able to understand whether investing in which places will become safer, much more profitable, and much less. After studying this article, the student will be able to understand what investment is and where you can invest money.
Динамика изменения налоговой системы Франции
Authors: Кривихина А.А. , Салькина А.Р.
Published: January 2025

Долгие годы одним из самых крупных и экономически устойчивых государств Европы была Франция. Но в последнее время экономическая, политическая и социальная обстановка в стране заметно обострилась. Это связано в первую очередь с внесением кардинальных и существенных коррективов в налоговую политику: постоянные протесты, недовольства и массовые забастовки не только остановили деятельность многих субьектов экономики, но и повлекли за собой масштабный урон во многих крупных городах. Подобная ситуация заставила Правительство Франции пересмотреть нововведения и прислушаться к требованиям граждан. В данной статье рассматривается и анализируется динамика изменения налоговой системы Франции, а также то, как это отразилось на экономике в целом и повлияло на жизнь всей страны.

For many years, France was one of the largest and most economically stable states in Europe. But recently, the economic, political and social situation in the country has noticeably escalated. This is primarily due to the introduction of fundamental and significant adjustments to taxation policy: constant protests, discontent and mass strikes not only stopped the activities of many economic entities, but also entailed large-scale damage in many large cities. A similar situation forced the French Government to revise the innovations and listen to the demands of citizens. This article discusses and analyzes the dynamics of changes in the taxation system of France, as well as how it affected the economy and the life of the whole country.
Транспортные перевозки между Россией и Финляндией.
Authors: Крохин Н.А.
Published: January 2025

В статье автор рассматривает основные показатели транспортных перевозок между Россией и Финляндией. Актуальность данной темы обуславливается тем, что Финляндия является одним из главных партнером России по грузовым перевозкам, и в данной работе мы рассмотрим тенденции развития данного направления после введения антироссийских санкций ЕС.

In the article, the author considers the main indicators of transport between Russia and Finland. The relevance of this topic is that Finland is one of the main partners of Russia in freight transportation, and in this case we will consider the development trends in this area after the introduction of EU anti-Russian sanctions.
Развитие методов доходного подхода к оценке контрактных нематериальных активов
Authors: Черкашина Т.А. , Синдеев А.Ю.
Published: January 2025

В работе представлен анализ применения подходов и методов для оценки нематериальных активов и контрактных прав предприятия. В результате исследования определены необходимость идентификации и оценка контрактных прав, обосновано развитие методов доходного подхода для оценки рыночной стоимости контрактных прав предприятия, определены выгоды для предприятия в результате учета и стоимостной оценки контрактных прав предприятия.

The paper presents an analysis of the application of approaches and methods for evaluating intangible assets and the possibility of using them to evaluate such types of intangible assets as contract rights of an enterprise. The study identified the need to identify and assess the contractual rights and justifies the development of methods of the income approach for valuation of the contract rights of the company, the benefits for the company as a result of accounting and valuation of the contract rights of the company.
Роль и значение государственной пошлины
Authors: Аношина Ю.Ф. , Авдеева Т.З.
Published: January 2025

Серьезные изменения в системе права России вызвали социально-экономические преобразования, зародившиеся в конце XX века. Унификация налогового законодательства датируется 31 июля 1998, в момент принятия первой части Налогового кодекса РФ, которая вступила в законную силу с 1 января 1999 г. и заменила Закон РФ «Об основах налоговой системы в Российской Федерации». Наряду с данными событиями развивались отношения по взиманию государственной пошлины. Данный вид пошлин именуется одним из основных составляющих элементов пополнения бюджет России, субъектов РФ и местных бюджетов. К основным результатам данного исследования можно отнести определение правовой природы и характеристика государственной пошлины в роли налоговой категории и ее основные отличия от сборов и налогов.

Serious changes in the Russian legal system caused social and economic transformations that arose at the end of the 20th century. The unification of tax legislation dates back to July 31, 1998, at the time of adoption of the first part of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, which entered into legal force on January 1, 1999 and replaced the Law of the Russian Federation “On the Basics of the Tax System in the Russian Federation”. Along with these events, relations on the collection of state duties developed. This type of duties is called one of the main components of the replenishment of the budget of Russia, constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local budgets. The main results of this study include the definition of the legal nature and characterization of the state duty in the role of the tax category and its main differences from fees and taxes.
Промышленность Кыргызстана: современное состояние и перспективы развития
Authors: Байгуттиев С.С.
Published: January 2025

в статье проведён анализ развития промышленности в Кыргызской Республике, рассмотрены основные перспективные направления ее развития.

the article analyzes the development of industry in the Kyrgyz Republic, considers the main promising areas of its development.
The activation energy of charge carriers in submicron polymethylmethacrylat films
Authors: Ilyasov V. Kh. , Karamov D.  D. , Lachinov А. N. , Bogdanov N. P.
Published: January 2025

Depolarization currents in submicron polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) films were measured using the thermally stimulated depolarization (TSD) method in the range from 170 to 450 K. The concentration of the solution was 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0; 5,0; 7,5 and 10.0 wt.%. The value of the polarizing electric field strength was 1.7·105 V/cm. The rate of temperature change was 5 K/min. Based on experimental data, the values of the released charge and the activation energy of relaxation processes depending on the thickness of the polymer film are shown.
Development of a method for measuring the oxidation induction period of stabilized high-pressure polyethylene
Authors: Popova E. I. , Karezin K. I. , Lazareva O. L. , Zotova E. A. , Nevskiy R. E. , Sokovishin A. V.
Published: January 2025

Choice of boundary conditions and optimal parameters for measuring of oxidation induction time of cable polyethylene grade 153-01K with amine and phenolic type antioxidants was implemented in this work. OIT dependences on holding temperature in the ranges of 180–200°С in oxygen environment and 200–220°С in the air were calculated. For selected experimental conditions (air oxidizing environment, the sample thickness of 650±100 microns and the holding temperature of 210°С) the statistical estimation of accuracy was evaluated. Relative standard deviation of developed technique was shown not to exceed 7%.
Influence of impregnation modes on the porous structure of composite materials with fibrous filler made of polypropylene fibers
Authors: Asmetkov I. D. , Godin N. I. , Dedov A. V.
Published: January 2025

The degree of impregnation of the fabric and the density of the composite materials were used to evaluate the porous structure of the composite materials obtained by impregnating a nonwoven needle-punched fabric made of polypropylene fibers with a linear density of 0.66 with an aqueous dispersion of polyurethane. The dependence of the degree of impregnation on the gap between the squeezing rollers and the concentration of polyurethane in the aqueous dispersion was investigated. When the concentration of polyurethane in the aqueous dispersion is below 15 wt.% and the gap between the squeezing rollers is less than 1 mm, the degree of impregnation does not exceed 0.3. To assess the change in the volume of fibrous filler during the heat treatment of the impregnated fabric, the relationship between the degree of impregnation and the density of composite materials was used. It was found that at the density of the fabric 117 kg/m3 the heat treatment of the impregnated fabric occurs without changing the volume of the fiber filler. When using a fabric with a density of 80 kg/m3 for reinforcing composite materials, the volume of fibrous filler.
Study of the influence of gossipol hydroxyl group on the anti-oxidative activity of polyolefins
Authors: Mirvaliev Z. Z. , Djalilov A. T.
Published: January 2025

The effect of gossypol hydroxyl groups on the antioxidant activity of polyolefins is discussed. It is shown that the inhibitory activity of gossypol derivatives decreases with the increase in the degree of substitution of hydroxyl groups. It was found that gossypol hexamethyl ether and apogossipol hexamethyl ether are completely inert substances according to the inhibition criterion for polymer oxidation.
Osteoplastic compositions for filling bone cavities
Authors: Fazylova D. I. , Khusnutdinov A. K.
Published: January 2025

At the current stage of research, studies are aimed at identifying the optimal ratio of structuring agent for siloxane rubber, as well as at establishing the optimal content of silicon-containing filler to ensure that osteoplastic materials are homogeneous compositions with high viscosity and a good complex of physical and mechanical properties.
MUSCLE STRETCH AND NEURAL COORDINATION IN SHOTOKAN KARATE: INSIGHTS FROM A THEORETICAL APPROACH
Authors: Marius Cojocaru , Claudiu Mereuță , Carmen Gheorghe
Published: January 2025

The education of flexibility inscribed in this pattern of logic implies the identification of the reporting element for establishing the rhythm or algorithm at the point zero of the process, the investigation of the initial parameters at the first point, and the establishment of a limit of evolution that can be framed within a predefined time unit at the second point. As with any intervention involving changes in biological parameters of the human body, flexibility training must, at ground zero, be related to the natural limits of the biosystem represented by unconditioned reflexes. In this case, the unconditioned reflex that regulates the process of nerve-muscle communication and vice versa is the muscle stretch or myotatic reflex, whose physiological role is to maintain muscle tone, regulate balance and thus prevent potential injuries caused by sudden or forceful muscle stretching
THE STUDY ON THE MOTIVATION OF STUDENTS TO PLAY HANDBALL OR OTHER SPORTS ACTIVITIES
Authors: Dan Mirsidan
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this paper is to find out the reasons why students are attracted to play handball or other sports activity and the reasons that lead them to abandon these sports activities. The study was conducted on a sample of 60 students, 40 boys and 20 girls, aged between 13 and 14 years old. To begin with, I made a questionnaire that I applied to the group of students, in order to be able to observe their interest in practicing handball sports or in practicing other sports activities, and I followed the students' interests, the purpose and what motivates them to practice handball. Some students also practiced other sports such as: football, volleyball, basketball, handball and swimming. Students are attracted in a special way by the desire to belong to a group, by the desire for affirmation, by the desire to develop harmoniously from a physical and motor point of view, all of which are Pro arguments in order to practice the game of handball. If we look at the other side of giving up playing handball, it is due to the lack of knowledge of the benefits of this game on the development of each individual, the lack of intrinsic motivation, the lack of positive models, the lack of materials necessary for the development of these sports activities, the lack of promotion
Analisis Manajemen Strategi dalam Menghadapi Persaingan Bisnis (Studi Kasus UMKM Dapoer Ibu Hayra)
Authors: Devitasari Citra , Defrizal Defrizal
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the strategic management applied by UMKM Dapoer Ibu Hayra in facing increasingly fierce business competition, as well as the formulation and selection of business competition strategies. This type of research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The data collection techniques used are interviews, observation and documentation to 3 informants, namely the owner, admin, and production department. By using the marketing mix concept from McCarthy, it results in UMKM Dapoer Ibu Hayra implementing an effective marketing mix strategy, including quality products with halal certification, competitive prices, diversification of distribution channels, and active promotion both online and offline. In analyzing business competition using Porter's five forces concept, UMKM Dapoer Ibu Hayra focuses on product innovation, service improvement, and effective digital marketing strategies. These strategies have successfully helped UMKM Dapoer Ibu Hayra overcome the threat of new entrants and maintain market share. This research provides insight into how UMKM Dapoer Ibu Hayra can utilize digital technology in marketing strategies, improve distribution efficiency, and strengthen customer relationships.
Upaya Meningkatkan Pemahaman Kegiatan Ekonomi Melalui Model Kontekstual Kelas IV SDN Sukamaju
Authors: Indah Wirda , Ramadan Lutfi , Lubis Taupik , Arto Artono , Ati Hesti Mustika
Published: January 2025

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan pemahaman siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS. Metodelogi yang digunakan adalah tindakan kelas, dengan 2 siklus. Objek penelitian yaitu peserta didik Sekolah Dasar di SDN Sukamaju 3 Cilodong Depok kelas IV berjumlah 33 siswa. Instrument penelitian yang digunakan yaitu berupa tes tentang kegiatan ekonomi dan lembar observasi guru dalam menerapkan model pembelajaran kontekstual. Indikator keberhasilan yang diterapkan adalah berupa nilai tes pemahaman materi sebesar 75 dengan target siswa 80%. Hasil penelitian berupa prapenelitian dengan jumlah siswa yang tuntas 13 siswa dan persentase ketuntasan 39,39% dari 33 siswa. Siklus I jumlah siswa yang tuntas sebesar 20 siswa dan persentase ketuntasan 60,60%. Siklus II jumlah siswa yang tuntas adalah 29 siswa dan persentase ketuntasannya 87,87%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah penerapan model pembelajaran kontekstual mampu meningkatkan pemahaman siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS tentang kegiatan ekonomi siswa kelas IV Sekolah Dasar.
الوجود الايوبي في مصر دراسه في النشأة والتوسع (559 – 567 هـ / 1163 – 1171م)
Authors: عطيه وسيم
Published: January 2025

لا يمكن التحدث عن عناصر هوية مصر الحضارية أو مكوناتها دون أن يمتد الحديث على ساحة الجغرافيا وامتداد التاريخ معا وذلك لان مكونات هوية مصر الحضارية متداخلة وليست متراكمة في طبقات بسبب طول التاريخ المصري في عمق الزمن من جهة , وتعدد الروافد التي غذت نهر التاريخ المصري (محلية , وشرقية , وبحر متوسطية , وافريقية , واسيوية) من جهة ثانية. ارتكزت العناصر الثابتة نسبياً في هذه الهوية على الجغرافيا متمثلة في الموقع الجغرافي الذي اعطاه نهر النيل والصحراء المحيطة بالوادي ميزة الحماية ونعمة الاستقرار , في حين جعلة البحر الابيض المتوسط والبحر الاحمر من اسباب طمع الاخرين في مصر على مر العصور , وربما كان هذا السبب المباشر في أن اية قوة ارادت السيطرة على المنطقة عبر التاريخ كان لابد لها من أن تصطدم بمصر
Os juízes de vintena na construção da América portuguesa: disputas entre a câmara de Cachoeira e o governo-geral (Bahia, século XVIII)
Authors: Espadeiro Ramos João Augusto
Published: January 2025

O presente artigo pretende discutir a importância dos juízes da vintena (nível mais básico de justiça, na dependência do poder municipal) na construção da América portuguesa. Procurou-se compreender como ocorreu a formalização destas justiças. Analisaram-se, um processo de conflito entre a câmara de Cachoeira (Bahia) e o governo-geral do Estado do Brasil e outros relacionados com institucionalização destas justiças e também com problemáticas em tornos dos meirinhos. Conclui-se que tendo o governo-geral utilizado os meirinhos para levar justiça aos espaços mais afastados das vilas e cidade, essa solução mostrou alguma ineficiência, por não ser verdadeiramente de proximidade. O problema só foi colmatado com os juízes da vintena. Mas a passagem de uma solução a outra não foi isenta de conflito.
ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM À MULHERES COM ENDOMETRIOSE: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Martins Francisca Juliana Grangeiro , Lima Adryelle Silva , Nóbrega Riani Joyce Neves , Barbosa Rayanne De Sousa , Limeira Clélia Patrícia da Silva , Barreto Juliana Alexandra Parente Sa , Barbosa Kayan Lima , Silva Charlineide Januário
Published: January 2025

OBJETIVO: Analisar as produções científicas acerca da assistência de enfermagem à mulheres portadoras de endometriose. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo revisão integrativa da literatura, com abordagem qualitativa. A identificação ocorreu entre os meses fevereiro e março de 2024, através da busca no portal Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, do repositório Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online e Base de Dados de Enfermagem. RESULTADO: Os estudos selecionados abordam a endometriose como uma patologia benigna que afeta o público feminino, mostrando a fragilidade de pesquisas, recursos financeiros e sociais. Dessa forma, enfatiza-se a atuação do profissional de enfermagem frente ao cuidado, garantindo assistência a esse público. CONCLUSÃO: A endometriose é uma patologia que vem acometendo cada vez mais o público feminino. Assim, destaca-se a importância do profissional de enfermagem como mediador da assistência qualificada e humanizada  ofertada à portadora.
 
Descritores: Mulheres; Cuidados de Enfermagem; Endometriose.
ASPECTOS PSICOSSOCIAIS DO TRABALHO E SÍNDROME DE BURNOUT EM POLICIAIS MILITARES EM UM GRANDE CIDADE DO ESTADO DA BAHIA
Authors: Lima Ermillo Campos , Sobrinho Carlito Lopes Nascimento , Rodrigues Éder Pereira , Gois Joselice Almeida , Júnior Davi Felix Martins
Published: January 2025

O policial militar atua em um contexto social e profissional com muitas peculiaridades, numa rotina de alta demanda, cobranças e incertezas. A dinâmica de atuação no policiamento ostensivo e o dever constitucional do enfrentamento ao crime, mesmo com o risco à própria vida expõe esse trabalhador ao desenvolvimento de doenças relacionadas ao trabalho como a Síndrome de Burnout. OBJETIVOS: Estimar a prevalência e investigar a associação entre os aspectos psicossociais do trabalho e a Síndrome de Burnout em policiais militares na cidade de Feira de Santana, Bahia.  MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal, populacional. Foi utilizado um instrumento autoaplicável, validado e anônimo contendo questões de identificação geral e informações gerais sobre o trabalho; o Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) para identificar os aspectos psicossociais do trabalho e o Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) utilizado para a identificação da Síndrome de Burnout. RESULTADOS: A prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout considerando somente o nível alto nas 03 dimensões foi de 12,7%. CONCLUSÕES: Observou-se elevada prevalência e uma forte associação entre a situação de alta exigência e a Síndrome de Burnout entre os trabalhadores estudados. Espera-se que os achados desse estudo cooperem para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de intervenção promotoras da saúde nesse segmento ocupacional.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ СУДЕБНОГО РАЗБИРАТЕЛЬСТВА ПО ДЕЛАМ,
ПО КОТОРЫМ ЗАКЛЮЧЕНО ДОСУДЕБНОЕ СОГЛАШЕНИЕ
О СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВЕ
Authors: Мальцагов И.Д.
Published: January 2025

В рамках судебного разбирательства по рассматриваемой категории дел можно выделить достаточно большое количество особенностей. При этом многие из них законодателем урегулированы не в полной мере либо неоднозначно, что создает определенные трудности в правоприменительной практике. И даже с учетом сравнительно небольшого срока существования досудебного соглашения в российском уголовном процессе таких проблем накопилось уже немало. Настоящая статья посвящена проведению их анализа и выработке рекомендаций по совершенствованию норм законодательства.
ПРИНЦИПЫ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ
Authors: Алесгарлы П.М.
Published: January 2025

В статье анализируются результаты исследований устойчивого развития и его принципов. В ходе исследования были использованы современные методы и методики. В результатах исследования также отражены реформы, проводимые в этом направлении в Азербайджане.
ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЕ – ВАЖНОЕ УСЛОВИЕ РАЗВИТИЯ
Authors: Аннаев А. , Пыгамов Ш.O. , Абдуллаева Г.Д. , Гокиев С.К.
Published: January 2025

Экологической задачей государства Туркменистан является обеспечение охраны окружающей среды, систематическое использование природных ресурсов, научное обоснование и согласование эколого-экономических интересов общества, реализация прав на чистую, здоровую окружающую среду и комфортной природной среды для жизни человека, а также создание необходимых условий для его охраны.
IMPACTO DA SÍNDROME METABÓLICA NA SAÚDE CARDIOVASCULAR
Authors: Machado Rodrigo Cury , Cury Anny Sibelly Dias , Guerra Ilayni Farias Azevedo da Cunha , Barros Marcely Kellyane Florenço , Dutra Vívian Barcelos de Souza , Novaes Rafael Tavares , Guimaraes Larissa Silva , Rasia Beatriz Barros , Medeiros Igor Sedrez de , Piva Bárbara
Published: January 2025

A Síndrome Metabólica (SM) é uma condição caracterizada pela presença de fatores de risco inter-relacionados, como obesidade abdominal, hipertensão arterial, dislipidemias e resistência à insulina, que aumentam significativamente a probabilidade de desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) e diabetes tipo 2. Esses fatores contribuem para alterações metabólicas e vasculares, como a aterosclerose, insuficiência cardíaca e eventos cardiovasculares graves, incluindo infarto do miocárdio e acidente vascular cerebral. A obesidade central, principal característica da SM, está associada à inflamação crônica e disfunção endotelial, enquanto a hipertensão arterial gera sobrecarga no coração e nas artérias, favorecendo lesões vasculares. Além disso, as dislipidemias, com aumento dos triglicerídeos e LDL-colesterol e redução do HDL-colesterol, aceleram o processo de formação de placas ateroscleróticas. Diante da gravidade da SM e seu impacto na saúde cardiovascular, as estratégias de prevenção são essenciais e incluem a adoção de hábitos saudáveis, como dieta balanceada, prática regular de atividades físicas, controle do peso corporal e abandono de hábitos prejudiciais, como o tabagismo. Intervenções precoces e o manejo adequado dos fatores de risco associados são fundamentais para reduzir a morbimortalidade cardiovascular.
LIGHT SPECTRAL COMPOSITION INFLUENCE ON STRAWBERRY MICROCLONAL PROPAGATION (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA DUCH.) IN VITRO
Authors: Chekushkina Tat'yana , Barsukova Elena
Published: January 2025

The purpose of research is to study the effect of the spectral composition of light on the proliferation and rooting of shoots during microclonal propagation of the garden strawberry of a neutral day, the Cabrillo variety. The study was carried out in 2021–2022 in the Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaika”. The object of the study is the microshoots of garden strawberry of the remontant variety of neutral light day Cabrillo (Cabrillo) in in vitro culture under different light spectrum. The following lighting options were used for strawberry micropropagation: 1 – phyto-rack with white LED lamps (SPB-T5-eco) in combination with LED phyto-lamps (SPB-T8-Fito); 2 – phytoshelf of LLC ELSIS BelGU with LED lighting of the X-bright Fito series; 3 – phytoshelving of LLC AVTech with white fluorescent lamps (TL-D 36W / 33-640, Phillips) in combination with phytolamps (L 36W/77 Fluora, Osram). Illumination was measured with a TKA Luxmeter (Russia), and the irradiance level was measured with a TKA-Spectrum (FAR) spectrophotometer (Russia). The experiment took into account the number of shoots formed, the number of leaves, the number of roots; the height of the plants, the length of the roots were measured under different lighting conditions. Illumination with LED lamps with predominance of red light in the spectrum (option 2) ensured the regeneration of the largest number of garden strawberry shoots; the multiplication factor was 8.0 per explant. For the rooting stage, the best lighting option was also the 2nd option with LED lamps, in which strawberry plants of maximum height (4.5 cm) and a large number of roots (8.5 pieces) were formed. The largest number of roots (8.6 pcs.) was formed in plants under LED lighting with predominance of the blue spectrum (1st variant). In microclonal propagation of remontant garden strawberries of a neutral day, variety Cabrillo, it is more efficient to use LED irradiators for lighting than fluorescent ones.
ENDOGENOUS INTOXICATION INDICATORS LABORATORY EVALUATION IN THE MILK OF COWS
Authors: Kuz'minova Elena , Abramov Andrey Andreevich , Koschaev Andrey , Semenenko Marina
Published: January 2025

The purpose of research is to study the indicators of endogenous intoxication in cows' milk. Tasks: to form a sample of apparently healthy lactating cows and take milk and blood samples from them; determine the range of concentrations of MMM in cows' milk; in a comparative aspect to study the indicators of EI in different biological fluids. The study was carried out in the conditions of the livestock farm of the Krasnodar Region on Holsteinized cows that are in the period of milking. A sample of 100 conditionally healthy cows was formed, ranked by age, body weight and physiological state. The level of endogenous intoxication in the body of cows was studied by three fractions of MMM in blood and milk at wavelengths – λ = 238 nm (MMM 238), λ = 254 nm (MMM 254) and λ = 280 nm (MMM 280). A range of indicators of endogenous intoxication in cows' milk was obtained, with the highest level being the nuclear fraction – MMM 238 when registering values in the range from 1.051 to 1.452 arb. units. The minimum content was registered in the MMM 254 fraction, the parameters of which varied in the range from 0.345 to 0.568 arb. units. The concentration of MMM in the blood has a pronounced positive correlation with its level in milk, while the strongest relationship was established for the MMM 254 fraction. veterinary medicine and clinical biochemistry non-invasive research methods.
STATE AND PROSPECTS TO DEVELOP PRODUCTION FROM FERN
Authors: Cheremnykh Daria , Gubanenko Galina , Rechkina Ekaterina , Osipova Ekaterina , Zayceva Nadezhda
Published: January 2025

The purpose of research is to study the possibility of using salted fern to expand its use for food production. Objectives: to analyze the data presented in the Internet resources about manufacturers of products using the Orlyak fern in Russia; to study the structure of the range of products based on fern; to formulate recommendations on the processing and use of salted fern for the development of new types of food products. 66 companies engaged in the processing of fresh ferns with the production of salted, dried ferns, as well as manufacturers of semi-finished products, culinary products using salted ferns, have been identified. Producers of fern products are concentrated in the Siberian Federal District (SFD), their share is 65 %, 3 times less falls on the Far Eastern Federal District of the FEFD – 23 %. Among the subjects of the federation included in the Siberian Federal District, the Novosibirsk Region (23 %), the Republic of Khakassia and the Krasnoyarsk Region (21 % each), the Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Omsk Regions and Altai Region in total account for 35 %. An analysis of the structure of the product range revealed that in Russia, 57 % of the total volume of processed fern is salted semi-finished product with a high content of table salt, further use of salted fern after soaking in water in the preparation of cold dishes and snacks. A small share (16 %) is occupied by various semi-finished products: stuffed pancakes, meat zrazy and dumplings. Based on the study, recommendations are given to expand the possibilities of using fern, which meet the needs of world trends and consumers.
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION FEATURES OF SOME REPRESENTATIVES OF THE GENUS CHRYSANTHEMUM L.
Authors: Pyatina Irina , Reut Antonina , Denisova Svetlana
Published: January 2025

The purpose of research is to study the features of vegetative propagation by green cuttings of some varieties of small-flowered chrysanthemums. Tasks: determination of the coefficient of vegetative multiplication (CVR) and the degree of rooting of green cuttings, selection of varieties for industrial cultivation. The objects of study are 92 taxa of small-flowered chrysanthemum from the collection of the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the Ural Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The study was carried out in 2016–2022 on the basis of the laboratory of introduction and selection of flowering plants in a production greenhouse. Statistical processing of the data array was carried out using the MS Excel and Statistica 10 software packages. Three groups of varieties were identified in terms of CVR: difficult to propagate, or unproductive – CVR < 10 (‘Zolotoj Orfej’, ‘Svemba Kars’, ‘Elen’, etc.), medium productive – CVR 10–19 (‘Vechernie Ogni’, ‘Izabel’, ‘Kurochka Ryaba’, etc.), easily propagated, or highly productive, – CVR ≥ 20 (‘Varvara’, ‘Director Z.Kh. Shigapov’, ‘Professor L.M. Abramova’, etc.). Also, 3 groups of varieties were identified according to the rooting rate of green cuttings: with a low degree – < 60 % (‘Valli Ruf’, ‘Vi Villi’, ‘Listopad’, etc.), with an average degree – 60–85 % (‘Dina’, ‘Zlata, ‘Cygan, etc.), with a high degree of rooting – > 85 % (‘Volny Agideli’, ‘Doktor V.P. Putenihin’, ‘Mazurka’, etc.). Based on the totality of the studied parameters, 19 varieties were identified that can be recommended for industrial use.
PECULIARITIES OF BUCKWHEAT MORPHOLOGICAL ELEMENTS FORMATION IN BUCKWHEAT VARIETIES AT DIFFERENT SEEDING RATES AND SOWING METHODS IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE SOUTH MINUSINSK DISTRICT
Authors: Nikitina Vera , Vagner V.
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study is to analyze the influence of seeding rates, sowing methods, meteorological factors on plant height, the formation of internodes on the main shoot and side shoots. The study was conducted in 2019–2021. The experiment involved 2 varieties of buckwheat: Zemlyachka (SSI Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, Ufa), Zhdanka (Experimental Production Facility Kuraginskoye). Options: 3 seeding rates (2.5, 1.8 and 1.2 million viable seeds per 1 ha); 2 ways of sowing (row with row spacing of 15 cm; inter-row – 30 cm). On 100 plants of each variant in the first ten days of August, the height of plants, the number of internodes of the main shoot and side shoots, inflorescences on the plant and the number of flowers in them were taken into account. Seeding rates and sowing methods were not significant in determining the height of plants. Features of the variety, weather conditions during the growing season, the method of sowing have a significant effect on the process of formation of the number of internodes of the main shoot. Differences in the number of internodes of the main shoot and side shoots were revealed only between the seeding rate of 1.2 and 2.5 million grains/1 ha. In the Zhdanki variety, plant height negatively affects the yield (r = –0.768), in Zemlyachka this relationship is insignificant. A close positive correlation of plant height was with the number of flowers in the inflorescence and internodes of the main shoot, field germination. The number of internodes in Zhdanka significantly correlates with the number of inflorescences (r = 0.534) and field germination (r = 0.743); Zemlyachki – with the number of inflorescences (r = 0.554) and side shoots (r = 0.768), field germination (r = 0.708). The studied traits of Zhdanka and Zemlyachka varieties show approximately the same relationships with precipitation and average daily air temperature over the decades of vegetation. There are general correlations with HTC for both varieties, but specific correlations for some ten-days of the growing season were also determined.
WEEDS GERMINATING ABILITY AND GERMINATION NATURE IN CONNECTION WITH THEIR BIOMORPH
Authors: Androsova D , Danilova N
Published: January 2025

The purpose of research is to study the germinating ability and nature of germination of weed seeds in connection with their biomorph. The study was carried out in the Botanical Garden of the Institute for Biological Problems of Permafrost, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, located in the in the neighborhood of Yakutsk city within Central Yakutia. The object of the study is the seeds of 38 weed species in the neighborhood of Yakutsk city. Seed collection was carried out in the phase of full maturity. Seeds were stored in paper bags at room temperature 18–24 °C. Seed germination conditions: temperature 22–24 °C and natural light. The experiments were carried out in Petri dishes (diameter 9 cm), in 4 replications, 100 pieces each on filter paper without pretreatment. Germinated seeds were counted daily from the beginning to the end of germination. Seeds with high (70–100 %), medium (40–69 %), and low (1–39 %) laboratory germination were identified. The study of seed germination was carried out in two terms – freshly harvested and after 6 months of storage. Freshly harvested seeds were placed for germination on the day of collection. The study was carried out in accordance with standard methods for seed germination. Different biomorphs had their own character of seed germination. Annuals were characterized by delayed germination of freshly harvested seeds and rapid germination after 5–6 months of storage at room conditions. Biennials and taproots were characterized by high germination and rapid germination of both freshly harvested seeds and after storage. Short-rhizome and soddy plants were characterized by high seed germination and extended germination. Freshly harvested and stored seeds of long-rhizome plants began to germinate within the first week, the germination period is extended, laboratory germination is ambiguous. Freshly harvested seeds of rhizomatous grasses were at rest, the seeds began to germinate slowly and extended after storage, their germination rate was low. Germination of seeds of the only creeping species Potentilla anserina in the experiment was carried out according to the type of germination of seeds of annuals.
BUSINESS PARADIGMS AND SUSTAINABLE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THEM
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Rudakova Lidiya V.
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes the main paradigms of entrepreneurship and substantiates the stable relationships between them. The modern paradigm of entrepreneurship is characterized by rather complex approaches, since a businessman, in addition to his economic obligations, in any case performs a social function related to the well-being of his employees, as well as realizes environmental opportunities. The scientific novelty and practical significance of the work lies in the identification of four business paradigms: the paradigm of business opportunities, the paradigm of creating entrepreneurial structures, the paradigm of value creation, the innovation paradigm and the schematic establishment of relationships between them.
AGROCHEMICAL PARADIGM AS A WORLD EVIL
Authors:   International Engineering Academy, Tarkhanov O. V.
Published: January 2025

The article, based on an analysis of the history of the ruin of great states, shows that the multitude of people receiving education on the basis of the agrochemical paradigm accepted in the scientific community of the world has become a material force governing agricultural policy. Agricultural policy based on the agrochemical paradigm of farming leads to the destruction of the natural soil fertility of the land, turning this policy into a scientific and institutional trap and a global evil.
DEMOGRAPHIC CRISIS AT THE CURRENT STAGE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND ITS REGIONS
Authors:   Russian State Social University, Belinskaya Darya B. , Gavrilova Olga Y. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Myshaev Kirill M. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Kamer Anastasia R. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Turovets Polina K. ,   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering
Published: January 2025

This article reveals the essence of such a socio-economic term as demography. In the course of the study, we assess the demographic situation in the Russian Federation from the end of the twentieth century to the present day. The data of the Federal State Statistics Service served as digital material when writing this work. Thus, according to the study, we came to the conclusion that our country is in a protracted demographic crisis, which has lasted since the collapse of the USSR - 1991. The country is experiencing an annual decline in population: high mortality rates, low birth rates, aging of the population. Undoubtedly, the chosen topic of the study is very relevant today, since the demographic problem has not yet been eliminated. In addition, we proposed ways to improve and improve the current demographic policy of our state. In our opinion, both for our state and for any other, the improvement of demographic indicators should be a priority area of state policy. After all, the development and prosperity of more than one state is impossible without a literate, qualified population. This, first of all, must be done in order to solve the problem of a well-known problem encountered in economic literature under the name of “brain drain”.
It is important to understand that economics and demography serve as inseparable components of the state policy of the Russian Federation.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MARKET OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS FOR PRIVATE INVESTORS IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors:   South Russian Institute of Management (a branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration), Kurdjiev Sergey P. , Anesyants Sarkis A. ,   Russian Academy of Natural Sciences; Rostov State State Transport University, Titov Nikolai A. ,   Rostov State State Transport University
Published: January 2025

The problem of proper investment of funds by investors in various forms of financial instruments (financial instruments made of precious metals, gold bars, investment coins, impersonal metal accounts, etc.; banking financial instruments; securities (stocks, bonds, etc.) is extremely important and relevant in modern conditions. At the moment, there are a number of factors that significantly escalate the situation in the investment services market. Firstly, the emergence of new and little-studied financial instruments in the investment services market.
Secondly, in modern realities, a private investor, especially an individual, is not adequately protected by financial control authorities from all kinds of organizations that, using the low financial literacy of the population, impose fraudulent schemes on them, which leads to the loss of funds by gullible investors.
In connection with all of the above, today there is an urgent need to develop the most profitable and reliable financial instruments, and improve the financial literacy of all types of investors, both individuals and legal entities.
THE APPLICATION OF A RISK-BASED APPROACH IN STATE FINANCIAL CONTROL (SUPERVISION) ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE PRACTICE OF THE FEDERAL TREASURY DEPARTMENT IN THE CITY OF MOSCOW
Authors:   Federal Treasury Department in Moscow, Kasatkina A. N.
Published: January 2025

The article proposes a method for classifying environmental control objects into risk categories using a risk matrix model. This approach considers various aspects of risk assessment, such as the likelihood of environmental threats and their potential impact. An algorithm is proposed for evaluating enterprises based on objective criteria, considering their potential for negative environmental impact, likelihood of events, and assessment of harm. A practical example of applying the risk matrix method in state environmental control is shown using objects of categories I-IV. The study demonstrates the applicability of the approach in state environmental management, improving risk categorization in this area.