bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Escherichia coli as a Critical Pathogen of Bloodstream Infection Patients in Tertiary Referral Hospital
Authors: Endraswari Pepy , Mertaniasih Ni Made , Setiawan Firman , Paramita Ayu Lidya
Published: December 2022

Bloodstream infections (BSI), caused primarily by multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli, are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiology of E. coli as a critical pathogen in patients with bloodstream infections in a tertiary referral hospital. This is a retrospective study using a  descriptive observational research design. This study used a medical record instrument for bloodstream patients in Dr. Soetomo Hospital's inpatient ward with Gram-negative bacteria results of blood cultures in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory from April 2021 to September 2021. The observed variables include; antimicrobial sensitivity, patient clinical characteristics, demographic data, clinical diagnosis, and clinical outcome. In 6 months, 276 Gram-negative bloodstream infection patients were treated at Dr. Soetomo Hospital. The proportion of E. coli was 17 %.  The main characteristics of patients were over 60 years old (28%), and 54% were female. 63% of E. coli were ESBL, and 9% were carbapenem-resistant microorganisms. High antimicrobial resistance was found in quinolones (100%), ampicillin (93%), piperacillin (74%), tetracycline (72%), ceftriaxone (66%), cefotaxime (65%), ceftazidime (60%), cefazolin (65%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (65%). The most common potential determinant profile discovered was linked to immunocompromised status due to malignancy.  The high number of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria showed the importance of strict infection control and updated epidemiology data as a guide for empirical antimicrobial therapy.
Transformational Leadership of Higher Education Library
Authors: Rahmadanita Annisa
Published: December 2022

Background. This research is inspired by the results of previous research which stated that transformational leadership is an effective leadership style owned by a leader of a library organization. Therefore, the researcher examined practically related to this matter, especially in the application of the transformational leadership style applied by the leader of the IPDN Library, Jatinangor Campus. Research Methods. The research conducted presented qualitative data and researchers conducted interviews, observations and documentation in data collection. Data Analysis. Data analysis is carried out by reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. Result: The researcher found that the application of the transformational leadership style at the IPDN Library of Jatinangor Campus was supported by the high commitment of the library staff. In addition, the leader of the IPDN Library of the Jatinangor Campus provides an open space for employees to be creative and provide suggestions, criticisms and ideas, especially in the decision-making process. Library leaders also routinely provide motivation and direction to instill the value of commitment to the staff of the IPDN Jatinangor Campus Library. Conclusion and Suggestion. Referring to these 8 indicators, there are 2 (two) indicators that require improvement the indicators of continuous improvement and the indicator of empowering organizational members. Researchers recommend that leaders of the IPDN Library Jatinangor Campus can take part in Leadership Training, especially those related to Higher Education Library Leadership. In addition, it is also hoped that the leader of the IPDN Library, Jatinangor Campus, can compile and carry out the division of duties and work of employees by adjusting to the functions and positions of library employees.
İdil-Ural Tatarlarından Tahir İlyâsî’nin Gözüyle Yüzyıl Önce İstanbul’da Sosyal, Kültürel ve Dinî Hayat
Authors: ÇAP Sabri
Published: December 2022

Çarlık Rusyası’nda 1881 yılında doğmuş olan Tahir İlyâsî, Rusya’da açlık sıkıntısı yaşayan Müslümanlara yardım toplamak maksadıyla 1922 yılında Türkiye’ye gönderilmiş ve İstanbul’da kaldığı 18 Haziran-28 Ağustos 1922 tarihleri arasını kapsayan bir günlük tutmuştur. Bu tarihler, Büyük Taarruz’un hazırlıklarının yapıldığı dönem olup işgal yıllarını kapsamaktadır. Tahir İlyâsî, İstanbul’da bulunduğu sürede iyi bir gözlemci olarak Osmanlı toplumunun sosyal yapısı ve iktisâdî durumu ile birlikte insanların dinî duygu ve düşünceleri hakkındaki müşahedelerini de günlüğüne yansıtmıştır. İlyâsî ayrıca hem din görevlilerinin hem de halkın İslâm’ın bazı ilkelerine aykırı davranışlarından da üzüntüyle söz etmektedir. İstanbul’da kaldığı sürede başta şeyhülislâm olmak üzere üst seviyede birçok idareci ve âlimle görüşmüş olan İlyâsî, o dönemdeki Osmanlı medreselerinin, kütüphane ve müzelerinin durumu, cuma ve bayram namazları, cenaze merasimi ve sünnet düğünü gibi hususlarda gözlemlerini aktarmıştır. Bu makale, Tahir İlyâsî’nin 1922 yılına ait İstanbul günlüğü bağlamında işgal yıllarındaki İstanbul’da dinî hayatı, sosyal hayattaki problemleri ve burada bulunan Kırım ve İdil-Ural Tatarlarının durumlarını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Tahir İlyâsî’nin bazı dinî konulara dair görüşlerine de yer verilmiştir.
A música que ouvimos: estudo exploratório com alunos do Curso Básico de Música do Conservatório do Vale do Sousa
Authors: Ribeiro António
Published: December 2022

Este artigo resulta do trabalho de investigação desenvolvido com alunos do 9.º ano de escolaridade do Curso Básico de Música do Conservatório do Vale do Sousa, no âmbito da disciplina de Com Textos Musicais. O projeto de investigação pretendeu esclarecer o papel da música no contexto social e cultural dos alunos envolvidos, no que concerne ao seu valor e significado; pretendeu, de igual modo, aferir a relevância da disciplina para a matriz curricular do respetivo curso, considerando que a mesma se constitui como oferta complementar. A metodologia de investigação utilizada aproximou-se do estudo de caso e os instrumentos de recolha de dados incidiram nos inquéritos por questionário. Os resultados obtidos sublinham que o contexto, considerando a idade, o género e a situação profissional, afeta o gosto musical. Os alunos vivenciam um determinado contexto muito próprio, o seu gosto musical incide no pop/rock e a música portuguesa não tem representação. Os pais e avós retratam-se em outro contexto, o gosto musical incide na música popular/tradicional portuguesa, porém, na sua juventude, este grupo preferia também o pop/rock. O valor e significado atribuídos à música variam de acordo com os intervenientes. Os alunos encaram a música como fonte de sentimentos e emoções; os pais e familiares apreciam a música numa perspetiva de diversão e entretenimento. A disciplina de Com Textos Musicais é pertinente no plano de estudos do Curso Básico de Música, mas necessita de esclarecimentos oportunos. O currículo escolar do Conservatório do Vale do Sousa necessita de incorporar diferentes tipologias musicais.
A kaleidoscopic view of extracellular vesicles in lysosomal storage disorders
Authors: Hegeman Charlotte V , de Jong Olivier G , Lorenowicz Magdalena J
Published: December 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous population of stable lipid membrane particles that play a critical role in the regulation of numerous physiological and pathological processes. EV cargo, which includes lipids, proteins, and RNAs including miRNAs, is affected by the metabolic status of the parental cell. Concordantly, abnormalities in the autophagic-endolysosomal pathway, as seen in lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), can affect EV release as well as EV cargo. LSDs are a group of over 70 inheritable diseases, characterized by lysosomal dysfunction and gradual accumulation of undigested molecules. LSDs are caused by single gene mutations that lead to a deficiency of a lysosomal protein or lipid. Lysosomal dysfunction sets off a cascade of alterations in the endolysosomal pathway that can affect autophagy and alter calcium homeostasis, leading to energy imbalance, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The pathophysiology of these diseases is very heterogenous, complex, and currently incompletely understood. LSDs lead to progressive multisystemic symptoms that often include neurological deficits. In this review, a kaleidoscopic overview will be given on the roles of EVs in LSDs, from their contribution to pathology and diagnostics to their role as drug delivery vehicles. Furthermore, EV cargo and surface engineering strategies will be discussed to show the potential of EVs in future LSD treatment, both in the context of enzyme replacement therapy, as well as future gene editing strategies like CRISPR/Cas. The use of engineered EVs as drug delivery vehicles may mask therapeutic cargo from the immune system and protect it from degradation, improving circulation time and targeted delivery.
Vector methods for determination of rigid body orientation
Authors: Ryzhkov Lev
Published: December 2022

Vector methods for determining the orientation of a rigid body using information about vectors in the reference and body-related coordinate systems are considered. The analysis is based on the least squares method in vector-matrix form. This approach allows us to consider the application of different methods of solving the problem from a single standpoint: matrix (using the directional cosine matrix), geometric (using the Gibbs vector), quaternion (using the quaternion of rotation). Numerical evaluation of the accuracy of eight orientation determination algorithms obtained on the basis of these methods was performed.
Geometrical scale multiplier of the ring laser gyro with resonator containing a dielectric medium
Authors: Bondarenko Evgen
Published: December 2022

An analysis of the literature shows that there are at least six qualitatively different analytical expressions for the geometric scale factor of a laser gyroscope with a flat- a mirror resonator containing a solid dielectric medium with a refractive index along the entire perimeter. According to one of these expressions, the parameter is inversely proportional to the value . In the article, is the expression for confirmed.
The aircraft nacelle brace strength under some static types of loads
Authors: Trubachev Serhii , Alexeychuck Olga
Published: December 2022

The problem of calculating the stress-strain state and solving the problem of weight optimization of a single-engine transport aircraft nacelle fasteners is relevant In connection with the development of aircraft construction. One of the fastening elements is the brace, which is under the action of static loads.. The method of calculation of the transport aircraft nacelle brace, which is based on the finite element method, is considered in the work. A tetrahedral finite element was chosen as the element. The stresses and strains of the brace were determined, the stress-strain state was analyzed and recommendations for optimization of structural elements were given.
DOES EXPERIENCE MATTER? A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFL TEACHERS’ CHALLENGES
Authors: Levrints (Lőrincz) Marianna , Greba Ildikó
Published: December 2022

Even-though teaching experience has been identified as one of the main variables affecting student academic gains, teacher cognition, and practices, research focusing on the influence of experience on language teacher challenges is still rare. Hence, the study aims to analyse comparatively the challenges encountered by EFL teachers with varying lengths of teaching experience. Quantitative data were collected utilising a questionnaire involving 208 language teachers. The respondents self-reported being especially challenged by teaching speaking, learner motivation, teaching writing and listening, learner engagement, differentiating instruction, and providing effective learning. The overall challenge rate was moderate. Notably, a statistically significant difference in the perceptions of challenges was established between groups of teachers with varying lengths of teaching experience. As expected, novice teachers reported being more challenged than their most experienced counterparts. Contrary to popular belief, challenge estimates of a group of experienced teachers (10-15 years) were higher than that of less experienced teachers (1-5 years). The principal implication of the current study is that experienced language teachers also need assistance in dealing with professional challenges arising from the complexities of language teaching. To serve well, teacher development courses should be sensitive to language teacher needs and challenges, aligned with transformations they undergo as they move along the career stages
DISTANCE LEARNING AS THE NEW REALITY IN TERTIARY EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Huszti Ilona , Csatáry György , Lechner Ilona
Published: December 2022

The year 2020 was a horrible shock for both educators and students worldwide because of the COVID-19 disease. The whole educational process had to undergo cardinal changes in that it was forced to transition from face-to-face to online mode. Distance learning (DL) became the new reality in no time. This unusual situation prompted us to conduct research on what challenges it meant for tutors to cope with the new requirements. The main goal of our case study was to get insights into the altered daily routines of tutors and understand how the system functioned. Another objective of our survey was to provide a brief synthesis of distance learning, based on the academic literature. We have applied the qualitative research design, using a semi-structured interview as a research instrument for collecting data from the respondents. The research sample consisted of thirty-four college tutors teaching language and literature (English, German, Ukrainian, and Hungarian). The participants were requested to reply to eleven questions either online or face-to-face. The results proved how unexpected and difficult it was to move from the classroom to distance education. They emphasized how crucial digital literacy is for both instructors and students. One of the essential implications is that teachers must develop their digital skills in every possible way. The next stage of our research will be to investigate what impact DL has on teachers' and students' physical and psychological well-being.
CURRENT ASSESSMENT PRACTICES IN UKRAINIAN TRANSLATION CLASSROOM: TEACHERS’ SURVEY RESULTS
Authors: Korol Tetiana
Published: December 2022

Purpose. The article is aimed at the studies of the assessment practices currently applied in translation training at Ukrainian universities in the context of cutting-edge trends and dispositions in translator’s education observed worldwide. They include the synergism of both evaluative and formative assessment, the extensive use of diverse assessment methods and tools, including alternative ones, the rational involvement of self- and peer-assessment procedures. Method. A mixed research method was designed and employed with that end in view. It involved 41 translation teachers from 16 Ukrainian universities, who were asked to answer an online survey of 30 close and open-ended questions regarding their background, attitude to assessment and its different aspects such as functions, procedures and tools used for different types of tests in translation, assessment objects and agents, grading methods and associated problems. The obtained results were processed with the help of statistical methods and contrasted  with the data received by relevant studies conducted abroad within the last twenty years. Findings. The findings of this research allowed us to compile the aggregated profile of Ukrainian translation teachers in terms of assessment practice, define the most common ways to conduct monitoring, borderline and summative assessment in teaching translation to undergraduate students in Ukraine, and claim that the teachers’ subjective evaluation of translation assessment efficiency depends on their teaching experience.  Implications for research and practice. The obtained results should boost further theoretical and practical development in the field of translation assessment as well as in the area of translation teachers’ training.
Method for design secure symmetric NTRU-like encryption schemes
Authors: Matiyko Alexandra , Alekseychuk Anton
Published: December 2022

.
Intellectual management methodology of interaction of control system elements in mobile radio networks
Authors: Salnyk Serhii
Published: December 2022

.
Experimental optimization of the ejector design developed for a driver’s airbag
Authors: Yurchenko Nina , Vynogradskyy Pavlo
Published: December 2022

Design modifications are tested experimentally of the compact supersonic ejector developed for the novel airbag inflation system. The base design resulting from combined numerical and experimental investigations showed itself potentially capable of inflating the 50 L airbag with three parts of entrained air volume together with one part produced by a gas generator. The base design work continues to study its technological flexibility and operational reliability by analyzing a complex flow structure within the inflator. For that, minor changes and supplements to the design were evaluated experimentally to avoid complicated numerical simulations. In particular, it was supposed that a vortex formed at the inflator inlet could significantly reduce its operational cross-section. The impact of this vortex on the airbag filling was investigated in the Laboratory for Advanced Aerodynamics using the developed pneumatic facility. The applied design improvement was found to affect the pressure distribution favorably in the inflator that increased the airbag filling by ~5%.
Research and determination of the acoustic parameters of the movement of a cavitation bubble in a liquid medium according to discrete and continuous models
Authors: Bernyk Iryna , Nazarenko Ivan , Luhovskyi Oleksandr
Published: December 2022

In the work, the study and determination of the acoustic parameters of the movement of a cavitation bubble in a liquid medium according to discrete and continuous models was carried out. The research is based on the hypothesis that the determination of the effective parameters of the work process of acoustic processing is implemented by applying a transitional physical model from a discrete to a continuous type of processing of the technological environment. The obtained analytical dependences allow to calculate the amplitude of oscillations and the frequency of natural oscillations. With the help of the specified formulas, it is possible to determine the zones of amplification or attenuation of the amplitude of oscillations for different frequencies of oscillations. The proposed formula for determining the frequency of natural oscillations, which takes into account changes in the properties of the medium from homogeneous at the initial stage to the appearance of cavitation bubbles at the specified frequency of natural oscillations. Numerical values of intensity, pressure, amplitude of oscillations, velocity, acceleration, viscosity and maximum bubble radius are given. The obtained numerical values can be used in practical calculations of acoustic processing parameters of different nature and properties of technological environments.
Analysis of Available Data and Estimation of Energy Supply of Mechanical Processing
Authors: Lavrinenko Valerii , Solod Volodymyr
Published: December 2022

The issue of energy efficiency of machining processes has been the focus of attention for the last 50 years. This is due to the fact that in comparison with other industries, metallurgy and mechanical engineering are characterized by a high level of energy intensity of products.
Analysis of available in the literature indicators of energy costs of processing processes and determination of consistent data from these indicators.
Establishing an analytical relationship between the grinding energy and the energy required for melting the finishing material.
It is determined that the cutting energy of the material during chip for­mation is close to the energy required for melting the metal, and the excess amount of spent grinding energy is spent on friction between the chips and the grinding wheel. It is shown that in the literature there are data on the energy consumption of different treatments: turning - 2 kJ/cm3, milling - 9 kJ/cm3, grinding - 60 kJ/cm3, electrospark treatment - 3000 kJ/cm3. At the same time, the specific energy consumption of steel grinding is 60 kJ/cm3. And the specific heat of fusion of steel is 0.64 kJ/cm3. As a result, 100 times more heat is pumped into the steel during grinding than is needed to melt it. That is, there is a contradiction.
To find ways to resolve this contradiction, it is more accurate to estimate the specific energy consumption of diamond-abrasive machining of superhard materials through additional consideration, in addition to productivity and effective machining power, wear of the working layer of the wheel.
FINITE APPROXIMATION OF NONCOOPERATIVE 2-PERSON GAMES PLAYED IN STAIRCASE-FUNCTION CONTINUOUS SPACES
Authors: Romanuke Vadim
Published: December 2022

V. Romanuke

Finite approximation of noncooperative 2-person games played in staircase-function continuous spaces

Background. There is a known method of approximating continuous noncooperative 2-person games, wherein an approximate solution (an equilibrium situation) is considered acceptable if it changes minimally by changing the sampling step minimally. However, the method cannot be applied straightforwardly to a 2-person game played with staircase-function strategies. Besides, the independence of the player’s sampling step selection should be taken into account.

Objective. The objective is to develop a method of finite approximation of 2-person games played in staircase-function continuous spaces by taking into account that the players are likely to independently sample their pure strategy sets.

Methods. To achieve the said objective, a 2-person game, in which the players’ strategies are staircase functions of time, is formalized. In such a game, the set of the player’s pure strategies is a continuum of staircase functions of time, and the time is thought of as it is discrete. The conditions of sampling the set of possible values of the player’s pure strategy are stated so that the game becomes defined on a product of staircase-function finite spaces. In general, the sampling step is different at each player and the distribution of the sampled points (function-strategy values) is non-uniform.

Results. A method of finite approximation of 2-person games played in staircase-function continuous spaces is presented. The method consists in irregularly sampling the player’s pure strategy value set, finding the best equilibria in “smaller” bimatrix games, each defined on a subinterval where the pure strategy value is constant, and stacking the equilibrium situations if they are consistent. The stack of the “smaller” bimatrix game equilibria is an approximate equilibrium in the initial staircase game. The (weak) consistency of the approximate equilibrium is studied by how much the payoff and equilibrium situation change as the sampling density minimally increases by the three ways of the sampling increment: only the first player’s increment, only the second player’s increment, both the players’ increment. The consistency is decomposed into the payoff, equilibrium strategy support cardinality, equilibrium strategy sampling density, and support probability consistency. It is practically reasonable to consider a relaxed payoff consistency.

Conclusions. The suggested method of finite approximation of staircase 2-person games consists in the independent samplings, solving “smaller” bimatrix games in a reasonable time span, and stacking their solutions if they are consistent. The finite approximation is regarded appropriate if at least the respective approximate (stacked) equilibrium is -payoff consistent.

Keywords: game theory; payoff functional; staircase-function strategy; bimatrix game; irregular sampling; approximate equilibrium consistency.
Анализ характеристик составных сверхширокополосных сигналов с амплитудной и позиционной кодовой модуляцией
Authors: Радченко Юрий Степанович , Сохнышев С. В.
Published: December 2022

Рассмотрены составные сверхширокополосные сигналы с амплитудной кодовой и внутриблочной позиционной импульсной модуляцией. Проведено исследование обобщенной функции неопределенности данных сигналов. Получены аналитические выражения для корреляционной матрицы совместно эффективных оценок времени запаздывания и периода указанных сигналов. Выполнен анализ потенциальной точности оценок данных параметров для различных способов модуляции. Предложен алгоритм формирования модулирующих сдвиговых последовательностей.
Статистически оптимальные и нейросетевые алгоритмы оценки координат источников радиоизлучения при комплексировании информации в угломерных и разностно-дальномерных многопозиционных радиосистемах
Authors: Сирота Александр Анатольевич , Кирсанов Эдуард Александрович
Published: December 2022

Предложены и исследованы варианты построения алгоритмов оценки координат при совместном использовании информации угломерных и разностно-дальномерных многопозиционных радиосистем на основе нейронных сетей с обучением по методу обратного распространения ошибок. Проведен сравнительный анализ предложенных алгоритмов с известными.
Оценка отношения сигнал/помеха на выходе радиоканала с электронной перестройкой частоты при наличии аддитивно-модулирующих помех
Authors: Владимиров В. И. , Панасенко Н. Н.
Published: December 2022

На основе представления коэффициента передачи через параметры его фазочастотной характеристики предложен способ оценки отношения сигнал/помеха на выходе радиоканала с электронной перестройкой частоты. Рассмотрены предельные возможности влияния на радиоканал аддитивно-модулирующих помех, иллюстрируемые примерами.
Неоднородные марковские модели надежности сложных радиоэлектронных систем
Authors: Абрамов П. Б.
Published: December 2022

Проанализированы различные виды комплексного показателя надежности сложных радиоэлектронных систем. Дана оценка возможности их использования для описания динамики отказов систем с учетом фактора старения аппаратуры, в том числе, на основе неоднородных марковских моделей.
Способ определения координат источника когерентного излучения по рассеянному излучению
Authors: Козирацкий А. Ю.
Published: December 2022

Методами общей теории однократного рассеяния оптического излучения разработана методика оценки эффективности определения направления на источник лазерного излучения по рассеянному «вперед» излучению при гауссовском представлении излучения и учета в суммарной рассеянной составляющей всего атмосферного «столба» с границами, совпадающими с границами лазерного пучка.
Широкополосная несимметричная антенна P-образной формы с круговой поляризацией для C-диапазона
Authors: Дхара Решми , Кунду Таракнатх
Published: December 2022

В данной работе спроектирована широкополосная несимметричная антенна с круговой поляризацией CP (circular polarization). Она состоит из одного Р-образного излучателя с питанием от Г-образной микрополосковой линии передачи с усеченной плоскостью заземления на обратной стороне квадратной подложки. Оптимизация параметров излучателя и зазора облучателя позволила расширить полосу пропускания по входному сопротивлению IBW (impedance bandwidth) и по коэффициенту эллиптичности ARBW (axial ratio bandwidth). Измеренное значение IBW составило 5,65 ГГц (3,9–9,55 ГГц, 84,01%, на центральной резонансной частоте frc = 6,725 ГГц), а моделированное значение — 5,73 ГГц (3,8–9,53 ГГц, 85,97%, frc = 6,6 ГГц), соответственно. Соответствующее моделированное значение ARBW равно 1,47 ГГц (6,62–8,09 ГГц, 19,99%, резонансная частота круговой поляризации fCP = 7,35 ГГц) в пределах измеренных и моделированных значений. Максимальное амплитудное значение коэффициента усиления составило 5,01 дБи на частоте 7,76 ГГц. Результаты моделирования с помощью Ansys Electronics Desktop 2020R1 достаточно точно совпадают с результатами измерений. Оптимизированные размеры предложенной малогабаритной антенны составили 20×20×1,6 мм3 при уменьшении размеров на 57,49%. Предложенная антенна может использоваться в приложениях беспроводной связи C-диапазона.
Модель комплексу радіомоніторингу як багатофазної системи масового обслуговування
Authors: Романов Олексій Миколайович , Ніколаєв Сергій Миколайович , Орлюк Євген Іванович
Published: December 2022

В статье выделено три этапа преобразования сигналов связи и протоколов передачи данных в комплексах радиомониторинга. Модель таких комплексов представлена трехфазной системой массового обслуживания. Первая фаза представлена системой массового обслуживания с отказами, а вторая и третья – с неограниченной очередью. Для каждой из фаз представлены граф состояний, формулы определения вероятностей состояний и основных характеристик систем. Вероятность обслуживания и среднее время пребывания заявок в комплексах радиомониторинга, представленных трехфазной и соответствующей однофазной системами массового обслуживания, сравнены аналитически и по экспериментально построенным зависимостям. Доказано, что трехфазный комплекс радиомониторинга обеспечивает вероятность обслуживания больше однофазного при меньшем количестве каналов обслуживания, что приводит к удешевлению комплекса, при приемлемом увеличении времени обслуживания. Конкретные значения характеристик комплекса рассчитываются для выбора рациональной структуры в зависимости от начальных условий путем решения оптимизационной задачи. Приведен порядок выбора рациональной структуры комплекса радиомониторинга.
Распознавание неисправностей и реконфигурирование трехфазного пятиуровневого каскадного H-мостового инвертора
Authors: Прасад Тану , Паттнаик Сватпнаит
Published: December 2022

В статье представлена методика распознавания неисправностей и реконфигурации трехфазного пятиуровневого каскадного Н-мостового инвертора. Анализ работы многоуровневого инвертора выполнен с использованием метода пространственно-векторной модуляции. При отказе разомкнутого переключателя, который достаточно часто встречается в многоуровневом инверторе,  и определяется с помощью нечеткой логики, выполняется реконфигурация при неисправности путем добавления к основному многоуровневому инвертору одного вспомогательного инверторного модуля, который работает при наличии неисправности и регулирует выходное напряжение. Работа вспомогательного инверторного модуля определяется заданным состоянием переключения, в зависимости от неисправности, возникающей в конкретном переключателе. Применение данного метода дает возможность непрерывной работы основного многоуровневого инвертора даже в состоянии с неисправностью при отсутствии на выходе только одного или двух уровней напряжения. Непрерывная работа многоуровневого инвертора при меньшем значении параметра THD достигается без использования фильтра, что подтверждается моделированием в среде MATLAB®.
Уменьшение влияния отражений от земли при оценивании параметров спектра метеосигнала на основе адаптивного решетчатого фильтра
Authors: Атаманский Дмитрий Владимирович , Стовба Руслан , Романенко Игорь , Рябуха Вячеслав
Published: December 2022

Розглядаються різні процедури оцінювання параметрів метеоутворень системами міжперіодної обробки сигналів імпульсних доплерівських метеолокаторів в умовах завад, що створюються відбиттями від землі. Вони ґрунтуються на оцінках модуля і фази автокореляційної спектральної густини (АСГ) суміші відбиттів від метеоутворень та завади. Показано, що процедура, яка використовує ці оцінки та перетворення Фур’є, може бути реалізована на адаптивних решітчастих фільтрах, що підвищує ефективність оцінок метеорологічних параметрів метеоутворень. Запропонована і досліджена альтернативна процедура оцінювання, яка теж базується на оцінках модуля і фази АСГ, але з оцінюванням спектральної густини “надрозділяючим” алгоритмом Кейпона. На основі аналізу функцій розподілу похибок оцінювання спектральних моментів відбиттів від метеоутворень по навчальній вибірці обмеженого обсягу, показано переваги і недоліки відомих та запропонованої процедур оцінювання. Показано, що серед розглянутих процедур доцільно використовувати запропоновану процедуру з оцінюванням спектральної густини вхідної суміші “надрозділяючим” алгоритмом Кейпона. Вона в основному задовольняє вимоги до похибок оцінювання для різних значень параметрів завади і відбиттів від метеоутворень, зокрема, в небезпечних ситуаціях сильної турбулентності метеоутворень. Альтернативою дослідженим процедурам може бути алгоритм комбінації оцінок цих процедур.
Оптимизация источника опорного напряжения
Authors: Павлов Леонид Николаевич , Лебедев Д. Ю.
Published: December 2022

В статье показана возможность снижения температурного коэффициента для источника опорного напряжения (ИОН), построенного на биполярных транзисторах. Для этого первым шагом предложено разделить температурный диапазон работы ИОН на два интервала. В качестве рабочего принят как наиболее вероятный для эксплуатации интервал с положительными значениями температуры. Такое разделение позволяет вдвое уменьшить температурный коэффициент для рабочей области при соответствующей настройке ИОН. При введении весовых коэффициентов преимущество также предоставлено рабочему интервала положительных температур. Это дает направление поиска оптимального решения при формализации процесса оптимизации. На втором шаге предложена структурная схема с компенсаторами спада температурной характеристиками. Далее предложен пример схемы электрической типового компенсатора и пример включения одного и двух компенсаторов в нескомпенсированную схему. Этим же определено правило ввода следующих компенсаторов, если это будет целесообразно. Проведено параметрическую оптимизацию предложенных примеров ИОН. Проведено также экспериментальное исследование примера ИОН с одним звеном компенсации. В результате оптимизации получено уменьшение значения температурного коэффициента до уровня 2,88 ppm/°C в схеме с одним компенсатором, и 1,0 ppm/°C для случая включения в схему двух компенсаторов. Этот результат превосходит опубликованные новейшие достижения. При расширении температурного диапазона в область низких температур и применении дополнительных компенсаторов по приведенной схеме следует ожидать снижения температурного коэффициента до 0,25 ... 0,5 ppm/°C.
Внутрішньопівкульна симетрія перфузії головного мозку. Частина 3. Оцінка нейро-психологічного стану пацієнтів за даними ОФЕКТ
Authors: Ніколов Микола Олександрович , Новікова Тетяна Григорівна , Макеєв Сергій Сергійович , Цикало Владислав Олексійович
Published: December 2022

В третій частині циклу статей проведена діагностика і лікування пацієнтів, як військово службових, так і цивільних осіб, що перенесли черепно-мозкову травму (ЧМТ) і баротравму внаслідок бойової контузії (БК) з розвитком посттравматичного стресового розладу (ПТCР). Основним методом діагностики нейро-когнітивних змін таких пацієнтів є нейропсихологічне тестування (НПТ). Проте, ґрунтуючись на різного виду опитувальниках, результати НПТ можуть мати суттєві похибки, пов’язані не тільки з суб’єктивною думкою лікаря, але й з неадекватністю, а іноді й з навмисними діями пацієнтів. Це призводить до необхідності розробки нових об’єктивних методик діагностики, які б підтверджували та уточнювали результати НПТ.
У статті розроблено методику оцінки нейропсихологічного стану військовослужбовців з помірною ЧМТ внаслідок БК за даними однофотонної емісійної комп’ютерної томографії (ОФЕКТ), зокрема на основі аналізу об’ємного мозкового кровотоку (ОМК) та внутрішньопівкульної симетрії (ВПС) перфузії в сегментах головного мозку (ГМ). Проаналізовано дані 31 хворого з помірною ЧМТ внаслідок БК. Наслідки ЧМТ слід вважати віддаленими, оскільки на момент їхнього комплексного обстеження пройшло від 6 до 12 місяців після контузії. На основі НПТ оцінювалися ступінь: вегетативних порушень по Вейну, психоемоційно- сфери, виразності симптомів травматичного ураження мозку на основі опитувальника К. Цицерона, виразності ПТCР на основі тестів PCL-military. ОФЕКТ дослідження проводилося з 99mTc-гексаметилпропіленаміноксимом (99mTc-ГМПАО). Основними кількісними критеріями аналізу ОФЕКТ зображень були ОМК та ВПС у сегментах ГМ. На основі зіставлення ОМК та ВПС сегментах головного мозку з даними НПТ отримані висококорельовані взаємозв’язки від 0,82 до 0,90. При цьому для кожного з тестів НПТ можна виділити 3–4 сегменти ГМ, в яких ОМК та ВПС найбільшою мірою відображають нейрокогнітивний стан пацієнта. Вперше показано, що на основі об’єктивних даних ОФЕКТ з 99mTc-ГМПАО можливо кількісно оцінювати нейрокогнітивний стан пацієнта. Результати досліджень можна рекомендувати для ширшого використання у відділеннях радіонуклідної діагностики при обстеженні військовослужбовців з ЧМТ внаслідок БК.
Пристрій контролю функціонування радіотракту земної станції супутникової системи дистанційного зондування Землі
Authors: Дубровка Федір Федорович , Фабіровський Сергій , Міськів Володимир-Мирон , Прудиус Іван Никифорович , Сторож Володимир Г.
Published: December 2022

Запропоновано пристрій контролю радіотракту земної станції супутникової системи дистанційного зондування Землі, розроблений на сучасній елементній базі. У багатьох галузях науки і техніки для радіозв’язку використовується супутниковий зв’язок, зокрема Х-діапазон електромагнітних хвиль. Для контролю функціонування радіотракту земної станції супутникової системи дистанційного зондування Землі використовуються спеціальні пристрої. Існуючі пристрої, розроблені на старій елементній базі, не забезпечують необхідних тактико-технічних характеристик, а саме: переналаштування частоти в широкій смузі, низька стабільність частоти випромінювання, недостатні завадозахищеність, надійність, та ін. Розроблений пристрій на сучасній елементній базі дає змогу покращити вище наведені тактико-технічні характеристики. Він забезпечує роботу в широкому діапазоні частот 7,5–8,5 ГГц, вихідна потужність регулюється від 0,5 до 60 мВт. Смуга інформаційного сигналу змінюється дискретно від 1,5625 до 100 МГц. У роботі наведено структурно-функціональну схему пристрою, конструктивні та технологічні елементи, і результати випробувань. Також описано процес розробки та випробування пристрою, який дає можливість контролювати функціонування радіотракту земної станції супутникової системи дистанційного зондування Землі, оцінювати його параметри з дистанційним керуванням перенастроювання в діапазоні частот, і здатний працювати в складних метеорологічних умовах.
Оптимізація відбивної інтелектуальної поверхні Х-діапазону з варакторним керуванням
Authors: Задорожний Гліб , Стапельфельд Фін-Ніклас , Василенко Дмитро Олексійович , Іссаков Вадим
Published: December 2022

Інтелектуальна поверхня, що реконфігурується RIS (Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface) — одне з можливих рішень для подолання викликів, які приносять мережі зв'язку 6G. Дизайн елементарної комірки для RIS багато в чому схожий на дизайн штучних магнітних провідників — обидва матеріали спрямовані на зміну фази відбитої хвилі. Однак RIS спрямовані на управління кутом відбиття із збереженням вимог до діаграм спрямованості, подібних до фазованих антенних решіток, таких як низькі бічні пелюстки і ширина діаграми спрямованості. У статті розглянуто критерії оптимізації інтелектуальних поверхонь: розміри елементарної комірки, діапазон перестройки фази, смуга частот і втрати. Запропоновано алгоритм оптимізації, який належним чином враховує критерії оптимізації RIS. За допомогою запропонованого алгоритму оптимізації спроектовано нову комірку для роботи інтелектуальної поверхні в Х-діапазоні частот.
Hunger as a weapon: short-term and long-term effects (the case of the siege of Leningrad)
Authors: Lomagin N.
Published: December 2022

In the end of August 1941, the Nazi leadership decided to besiege Leningrad to deliberately starve the city’s inhabitants. Since November, Leningrad was entering its period of mass starvation and death. In December 1941, according to incomplete records, starvation and dystrophy killed more than 50 000 people, in January and February of 1942 – almost 100 000 monthly. Relying on various archival materials, as well as on published sources and literature, the article analyzes impacts of lasting hunger on civilians during the longest siege of the World War Two. Also, it explores the long-term effects of starvation on health of siege survivors and their descendants. While various dimensions of hunger-related illnesses were studied during the siege of Leningrad, the scholarly attention to this topic has significantly decreased since early 1950s, although the consequences of prolonged starvation affected the health of blockade survivors throughout their lives and had an impact on the health of their descendants. Further study of this topic is suggested, to be conducted with the use of methods of biology/epigenetics.
On the edge of crisis: Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan and repercussions for the U.S.-China rivalry
Authors: Xin Q. , Wang J.
Published: December 2022

In recent years, the U.S. has vigorously pursued the policy of “using Taiwan to contain mainland China” to thwart China's rise and maintain its hegemonic position. This policy has further exacerbated the China U.S. rivalry in the Taiwan Strait. The audacious visit to Taiwan by Nancy Pelosi, Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, in August 2022 triggered a systematic countermeasure from China and dramatically exacerbated tensions in the Taiwan Strait. This article first analyzes the purpose of Pelosi's visit to Taiwan, then reviews China‟s countermeasures against the visit. The author argues that the tensions in the Taiwan Strait have not escalated into the so-called “Fourth Taiwan Strait Crisis” because the policies of the mainland China, the United States, and Taiwan are still self-restrained. However, these tensions have negatively affected China U.S. relations and Cross-Strait relations. 在危机的 边缘 佩洛西 访 台及其 对 中美博弈的冲 击 近年来，为了阻滞中国的持续崛起以维护其霸权地位，美国积极推行“以台制华”的政策，进而提升了中美台海博弈的烈度。2022年8月，美国国会众议院议长佩洛西访问台湾之行引发了中方的系统性反制，显著加剧了台海的紧张形势。本文首先对佩洛西访台事件及其动因进行了分析，其次梳理了中方针对佩洛西访台的全面反制举措，在此基础上指出由于中国大陆、美国与台湾地区均采取了较为克制的应对举措，使得此次台海紧张形势未升级为“第四次台海危机”，但仍对中美关系和两岸关系造成了恶劣的影响。
Erosion of the nuclear nonproliferation regime in the context of transformation of the world order (the case of Tenth Non-Proliferation Treaty Review conference)
Authors: Karnaukhova E.
Published: December 2022

The article discusses the problem of the functioning of the nuclear nonproliferation regime in the context of the world order transformation. On August 1–26, 2022, the Tenth Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference ended without the adoption of a final document. Its absence, as well as the general atmosphere at the conference, boosted new discussions about the crisis of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). The author examines the nuclear nonproliferation regime through the lens of global power reconfiguration that, among other things, affects the NPT review process. The author explores general trends in the evolution of the nuclear nonproliferation regime since the collapse of the USSR. This allows us to both identify the factors of erosion of the nuclear nonproliferation regime and analyze prospects and risks of the NPT review process. The analysis is largely based on the first-hand material collected by the author during her in-person participation in the Tenth NPT Review Conference as a representative of a Russian nongovernmental organization, specializing in nuclear nonproliferation, disarmament, and global security.
The IAEA verification activity
Authors: Bytchkov V.
Published: December 2022

The article explores the verification activity by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). This activity involves three key aspects: the legal framework, goals, and measures and verification procedures to achieve these goals. The author analyzes legal and technical aspects of the IAEA verification activity, including the notions of diversion of nuclear material and a state’s noncompliance with its commitments related to corresponding safeguards agreements. The analysis is based on the systematic approach that takes into account the evolution of the safeguards system. The author proposes an original approach to reduce the risks of politicization of decisions on noncompliance of states with safeguards agreements by specifying the main notions related to the system of safeguards.
Terrorism as an obstacle to Africa’s sustainable development
Authors: Nguyen T.
Published: December 2022

Terrorism in Africa: New Trends and Frontiers. Eds. Glen Segell, Sergey Kostelyanets, and Hussein Solomon. – Moscow: Institute for African Studies; Haifa: University of Haifa, 2021. 194 p.
Women as rebel actors
Authors: Yardimci I.
Published: December 2022

Darden J. T., Henshaw A., Szekely O. Insurgent Women: Female Combatants in Civil Wars. –Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 2019. 102 p.
Food security in East Africa
Authors: Gavrilova N. , Kostelyanets S.
Published: December 2022

The article discusses the current state and dynamics of food security in East Africa. This region stands out in Africa not only as the most populous, but also as the fastest developing one, mostly due to its advanced economic growth and infrastructure construction in Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda. East African countries are particularly vulnerable to disruptions in food supplies from Russia and Ukraine. To assess food security in the region, the authors apply two methods designed by the World Bank and by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). These methods focus, correspondingly, on per capita incomes and malnutrition indicators. The authors further examine the impact of the Millennium Development Goals and the Sustainable Development Goals on food security in East Africa, investigate the main causes of food insecurity, and put forward policy recommendations for enhancing regional food security. Although achieving sustainable food security in East Africa appears unrealistic in the foreseeable future, intensification and digitalization of agriculture are critical to enhance food self-sufficiency of the region. The primary data sources for the article include FAO’s 2015–2021 surveys on food security and nutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa and statistical databases by FAO and the International Trade Center.
The Western Hemisphere countries and global food problem: current state and prospects
Authors: Ovchinnikov O.
Published: December 2022

The modern civilization has faced a number of problems of a planetary scale, and not only its condition, but, perhaps, its very existence will depend on solving these problems. One of the most urgent ones is the global food problem (GFP) – the ability of humanity to provide itself with sufficient food while fulfilling a number of related conditions within the framework of the concept of sustainable development. The article examines the state and possibility of solving the GFP in the Western Hemisphere, both in the region as a whole and in the context of individual countries. Following the structure of the GFP factors, the availability of natural resources for agricultural purposes, as well as the volume and sectoral structure of production of main agricultural products are analyzed. The author assesses the near-term prospects of the possibility of providing the population of individual countries with sufficient food by using model calculations that depend on two factors: availability of arable land and economic well-being (per capita GDP). Special attention is also paid to the analysis of the environmental aspect of the GFP, in assessing both the current state of the problem in the region and the prospects for its solution. This factor is seen as one of the keys to development of food systems in several Latin American countries. Certain attention is also paid to some "new" GFP factors, such as the problem of food losses (quite relevant for developed countries, especially for the United States), as well as logistics. Disruptions of logistical chains during market shocks (for example, during the COVID-19 pandemic) has posed a major problem for countries with highly developed food markets. In conclusion, the region's overall position in the global food system is seen as quite strong. At the same time, the differences between some countries on a number of indicators that determine the level of food security is very significant. Thus, the region’s prospects in terms of solving the GPP will largely depend on the ability/determination of individual countries to offset the negative impact of a number of GFP factors.