bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selbst und Selbstverlust im Sound
Authors: Wolf Luise
Published: July 2020

Luise Wolf fragt, wie wir Klang, dieses affektive, ubiquitäre und transitorische Medium, begreifen können - auch jenseits subjektiver Wahrnehmungsgrenzen und Zuschreibungen. Als lebende Körper in Resonanz sind wir uns dem Hören nach selbst ganz besonders nahe und fern, sind (uns) Subjekt und Objekt der Reflexion. Der Artikel nimmt eine Reihe ontologischer Bestimmungen über Klang, Subjekt und musikalischen Sinn vor und betrachtet die Resonanz als dreiförmiges Bewegungsmuster von Körpern: Teilhabe bzw. Mitschwingen, Teilung bzw. Widerständigkeit und subjektiv-reflexiver Bezug zu diesen. Durch die Synthese zeitgenössischer Theoreme und Disziplinen - phänomenologischer, klanganthropologischer, rezeptionswissenschaftlicher und physikalisch-akustischer - wird eine »Draufsicht« auf den Resonanzraum eröffnet, welcher Klang sowohl als sinnhaftes Phänomen als auch eigenständig Widerständiges in den Blick nimmt.
Der Verkehr in der Transformation
Authors: Brunnengräber Achim , Haas Tobias
Published: July 2020

Die Entwicklungsdynamiken und Reorganisationsprozesse im Verkehrsbereich sind vielfältig: Technologische Erneuerungen, neue Formen und Möglichkeiten der Bewegung, aber auch (klima-)politische Vorgaben und ein wachsender ökonomischer Druck fordern die Automobilbranche und das gegenwärtige Verkehrssystem heraus. In diesem einleitenden Beitrag werden die beobachtbaren Transformationen im Verkehrsbereich dargestellt und anhand von vier Megatrends - 1) Klimawandel, 2) Digitalisierung, 3) Urbanisierung und 4) Extraktivismus - expliziert. Davon ausgehend werden die Beiträge des Sammelbands vorgestellt, die sich den vielfältigen Veränderungen und Herausforderungen aus sozialwissenschaftlicher Perspektive annehmen und Ansatzpunkte benennen, an denen sich das automobilzentrierte Paradigma brechen lässt.
Performing gaps
Authors: Kettner Le-Lina , Mössner Samuel
Published: July 2020

Samuel Mössner und Le-Lina Kettner widmen sich in ihrem Beitrag dem Verhältnis von Planung und Alternativen Ökonomien. Für die Umsetzung Alternativer Ansätze werden vor allem die Kooperation mit kommunalen Verwaltungen und städtischer Planung aufgrund der Angewiesenheit auf Raum und Fläche existentiell. Im Rahmen des eingeübten und routinierten Verwaltungshandelns kommt es trotz der Überlappung zum originären Aufgabenfeld der Stadtplanung häufig zu einer (wohlwollenden) Marginalisierung der Initiativen, die einem kooperativen Verhältnis hinderlich im Wege steht. Aus unserer Perspektive erscheint eine gelebte Sprachlosigkeit von und zwischen Alternativen Initiativen und der Stadtplanung als ursächlich für die Lücke zwischen von außen hegemonial gesetzter Definition dessen, was Alternativen zu sein haben, und der selbst performativ ausgelebten Position durch die Initiativen. Der Ansatz von J. Butler, der sich ursprünglich auf die soziale Konstruktion von Geschlechtsidentitäten bezieht, liefert hier einen Erklärungsansatz für die geringe Wirksamkeit Alternativer Initiativen.
Die Rolle von Zwischenräumen in der wachsenden Stadtregion Hamburg
Authors: Ziehl Michael
Published: July 2020

In dem Interview erläutert Michael Ziehl, wie er durch professionelle Vermittlungs- und Planungsarbeit Bürger*innen, Politik und Verwaltung beim Kooperieren hilft und von ihnen getragene Immobilienentwicklungen unterstützt. Die Effekte solcher Projekte werden in Bezug auf die Stadt Hamburg erörtert und Potenziale für eine nicht primär auf Wachstum fixierte Stadtentwicklung aufgezeigt.
Improving The Performance of Alumni Achievement Assessment by Integrating Website-Based Tracer Study Information Systems and Telegram API
Authors: Sucipto Sucipto , Dewi Ervin Kusuma , Resti Nalsa Cintya , Santi Indyah Hartami
Published: July 2020

It is the mission of Vocational High School (SMK) education in Indonesia to produce highly competitive and skilled graduates. One standard for evaluating the success of vocational education is assessing the achievements of alumni. The evaluation process can be carried out with programmed alumni tracking activities or commonly known as tracer studies. However, the implementations of tracer studies that have been carried out by vocational schools in Kediri are still using the manual method. These conditions make the school find many obstacles in the implementation of tracer studies. Some schools have used technology with e-mail applications but have financial constraints. This research aims to improve the performance of assessing the alumni achievement of Vocational Schools in Kediri by integrating the website-based tracer study information system with social media Telegram API. Usability testing that gave 4.83 of 5 scales has shown that the integration can improve the performance and benefits of an application compared to the application before integration
Advances in the design of optical see-through displays
Authors: Zhou Yao , Zhang Jufan , Fang Fengzhou
Published: July 2020

Driven by greatly increased applications, the optical see-through displays have been developing rapidly in recent decades. As a result, some innovative technologies have emerged toward making the display more compact and lighter with better performance. This paper serves as a systematical review on the advances in developing optical see-through displays, including the physical principles, optical configurations, performance parameters and manufacturing processes. The design principles, current challenges, possible solutions and future potential applications are also discussed in the paper.
GeneXpert Technology for the diagnosis of HIV-associated tuberculosis: Is scale-up worth it?
Authors: Saeed Muhammad , Hussain Shahida , Riaz Saba , Rasheed Farhan , Ahmad Maqsood , Iram Shagufta , Arif Mizna , Rahmani Tariq Hamid , Anwar Ambereen Imran
Published: July 2020

Recent evaluations of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay for the simultaneous detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and drug resistance in less than 2 h have stimulated tremendous enthusiasm. This is the breakthrough that tuberculosis (TB) control has been waiting for. In this (retrospective review) case study, sputum samples from strongly suspected pulmonary tuberculosis patients were collected and assessed for the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay for diagnosing TB and drug resistance in comparison with other tests, including Ziehl–Neelsen smear and Löwenstein–Jensen test. Of 3,784 cases, 5.7% (216/3,784) were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and TB co-infected patients. In diagnosing HIV-positive and TB co-infected cases, the sensitivity and specificity of GeneXpert were 76.4% and 100%. While in HIV-negative and TB suspected cases, the sensitivity and specificity were 95.6% and 100%. This new test represents a major milestone for global TB diagnosis and care. It also represents new hope for the millions of people who are at the highest risk of TB and drug-resistant disease. GeneXpert is World Health Organization-endorsed technology representing the gold standard for TB testing despite attaining less sensitivity for HIV and TB co-infected patients as compared to HIV-negative patients.
A multi-source co-frequency stimulus method for electroencephalogram (EEG) enhancement
Authors: Yan Wenqiang , Xu Guanghua
Published: July 2020

The electroencephalogram (EEG) induced by steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) will contain background noise. Most existing research on this problem uses signal-processing methods to enhance the EEG. The purpose of this paper is to explore another method that can be used to enhance the EEG. We creatively combined motion stimuli with light-flashing stimuli and designed a paradigm in which motion and light-flashing simultaneously will stimulate with the same frequency; this is called multi-source co-frequency stimulus. To avoid the direct stimulus of light-flashing in the human eye and ensure that the composite paradigm provided adequate comfort, the light-flashing pattern was presented in a ring form and the motion stimulus was presented in the center of that ring. Our hypothesis is that when the motion and the light-flashing are simultaneously stimulated with the same frequency, the EEG they induce will be superimposed in some way, and this will enhance the EEG. The multi-source co-frequency stimulus was found to achieve a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), better accuracy, and a higher information transmission rate (ITR) than single stimulus. The experimental results showed that it is feasible to use the method proposed in this study to enhance the EEG.
Sexual dimorphism in the cerebrospinal fluid total protein content
Authors: Castellazzi Massimiliano , Pizzicotti Stefano , Lombardo Ilenia , Alfiero Sarah , Morotti Andrea , Pellegatti Patrizia , Negri Giovanna , Natali Lara , Ferri Caterina , Fainardi Enrico , Bellini Tiziana , Pugliatti Maura
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid filling the central nervous system. The determination of the CSF total protein (TP) content represents an important screening test of various pathologies. We aimed to address the effect of sex and age on CSF-TP content and the use of the current upper reference limits (URLs).

Methods

CSF-TP content was analysed in a selected population of 1,252 patients (648 women and 604 men; age 18–89 years) who underwent lumbar puncture as a part of the diagnostic work-up. Samples presenting (i) more than 5 white blood cells (WBC)/µL, (ii) discolorations and (iii) reduced glucose were not included.

Results

The CSF-TP content median values were significantly higher in men than in women (46 vs. 37 mg/dL) even after adjusting for age and different hospital inpatients. CSF-TP content positively correlated with age both in men and in women with a constant difference between sexes of 8.5 mg/dL. Applying the most used URLs (mainly 45 and 50 mg/dL, but also 60 mg/dL), men received a laboratory report suggestive of altered CSF-TP content more frequently than women. The use of age- and sex-calibrated CSF-TP URLs reduced, but not eliminated, this sex-gap.

Conclusions

Using the current URLs, a condition of “elevated CSF-TP content” may be overestimated in men or, conversely, underestimated in women, regardless of the age and of the diagnosis. These results highlighted the need to apply CSF-TP URLs values ​​normalized for both sex and age.
Chromatographic methods development for clinical practice: requirements and limitations
Authors: Krčmová Lenka Kujovská , Melichar Bohuslav , Švec František
Published: July 2020

Development of a chromatographic method in bioanalysis is a challenging and complex procedure with many pitfalls and often unexpected reversals that can require several months to accomplish. Even an experienced analytical team must contend many limitations mainly in connection with the strict requirements imposed on current clinical research. These restrictions typically persist throughout the whole development process, from clinical trial assignment, across optimization of extraction of biological materials and chromatographic separation, to validation and data interpretation. This paper describes questions and their possible answers raised during the pre-analytical phase such as use of modern sample preparation techniques in clinical methods, application of internal standards, as well as selection of stationary phases and detection techniques in the analytical phase. Validation problems and interpretation of results are demonstrated with three typical examples of characteristics to be considered, i.e. recovery, matrix effect, and limit of detection vs. lower limit of quantification.
Using the NAM diagnostic process framework to teach clinical reasoning in computerized case presentations to 251 medical students
Authors: Covin Yvonne , Longo Palma , Wick Neda , Gavinski Katherine , Barker Blake , Wagner Jim
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Explicit education on diagnostic reasoning is underrepresented relative to the burden of diagnostic errors. Medical educators report curricular time is a major barrier to implementing new curricula. The authors propose using concise student-identified educational opportunities -- differential diagnosis and summary statement writing -- to justify curriculum development in diagnostic reasoning.

Methods

Eighteen clerkship and 235 preclinical medical students participated in a 1 h computerized case presentation and facilitated discussion. Students were surveyed on their attitudes toward the case.

Results

All 18 (100% response) clerkship students and 121 of the 235 preclinical students completed the survey. Students felt the module was effective and relevant. They proposed medical schools consider longitudinal computerized case presentations as an educational strategy.

Conclusions

A computerized case presentation is a concise instructional strategy to teach critical points in diagnosis to clerkship and preclinical medical students.
Re-thinking morbidity and mortality
Authors: Abraham Sumner , Parsons Andrew , Uthlaut Brian , Plews-Ogan Peggy
Published: July 2020

Despite the breadth of patient safety initiatives, physicians talking about their mistakes to other physicians is a difficult thing to do. This difficulty may be exacerbated by a limited exposure to how to analyze and discuss mistakes and respond in a productive way. At the University of Virginia, we recognized the importance of understanding cognitive biases for residents in both their clinical and personal professional development. We re-designed our resident led morbidity and mortality (M&M) conference using a model that integrates dual-process theory and metacognition to promote informed reflection and analysis of cognitive diagnostic errors. We believe that structuring M&M in this way builds a culture that encourages reflection together to learn our most difficult diagnostic errors and to engage in where our thought processes went wrong. In slowly building this culture, we hope to inoculate residents with the habits of mind that can best protect them from harmful biases in their clinical reasoning while instilling a culture of self-reflection.
Grimms Volksmärchen in Lotte Reinigers filmkünstlerischer Arbeit
Authors: Małyszek Tomasz
Published: July 2020

Im zwanzigsten Jahrhundert war das Volksmärchen vor allem deshalb weiterhin eine sehr produktive Gattung, weil es sich im Medium des Films ausbreitete und sich damit zugleich auf aktuelle gesellschaftliche Diskurse bezog. Das geschah zunächst durch Trick- und Animationsfilme. Als Pionierin des Trickfilms war Lotte Reiniger diejenige Regisseurin, die das alte Ideal der Natur- und Volkspoesie kreativ transformiert und gesellschaftlich aktualisiert hat. Sie stilisierte Grimms Märchen zu autonomen Silhouettenfilmen. Ihr außerordentlicher Erfolg beendete eine Tradition, nach der das Märchen zuallererst von literarischer und erzählerischer Lebendigkeit der Kultur zeugte. Die Aktualisierung alter Stoffe gelang Reiniger einerseits vor dem Hintergrund des Mentalitätswandelns nach dem Ersten und nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg, andererseits aufgrund neuer technischer Möglichkeiten.
Günter Grass und das romantische Märchen
Authors: Ossowski Mirosław
Published: July 2020

Der Aufsatz thematisiert den Einfluss der Kinder- und Hausmärchen der Brüder Grimm, aber auch der Märchen von Hans Christian Andersen auf das literarische und künstlerische Werk von Günter Grass. Die Analyse umfasst die stilistischen Mittel in Die Blechtrommel sowie die Rolle und die Präsenz der Märchenmotive in Der Butt, Die Rättin und Grimms Wörter sowie in anderen künstlerischen Arbeiten.
Sozialpolitik for Future
Authors: Fritz Martin , Bohnenberger Katharina
Published: July 2020

Klimagerechtigkeit heißt, den Umgang mit den Ursachen, Folgen und Kosten des menschengemachten Klimawandels zu regeln, ohne dabei bestimmte soziale Gruppen zu benachteiligen. Dazu gibt es Vorstellungen von einer gerechten Verteilung und Prinzipien für das richtige Handeln. Aber wie lässt sich Klimagerechtigkeit mit konkreten politischen Maßnahmen erreichen? In diesem Beitrag argumentieren wir, dass eine nachhaltige Sozialpolitik, in der soziale Gerechtigkeit und Klimaschutz zusammengebracht werden, die dazu nötigen vielfältigen sozialökologischen Maßnahmen und Instrumente zur Verfügung stellt. Wir zeichnen zunächst kurz die Entstehung der Klimagerechtigkeitsbewegung im Kontext der globalen Umweltpolitik nach und diskutieren die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zum Konzept der nachhaltigen Sozialpolitik. Anschließend unterbreiten wir Vorschläge, wie z. B. durch die Einführung einer sozialökologischen Steuerreform, von Klimasozialversicherungen und anderen Instrumenten nachhaltige Sozialpolitik in der Praxis gestaltet werden kann.
Does retail trading matter to price discovery?
Authors: Chen Tao
Published: July 2020

The diminishing importance of retail investors and the institutionalization of markets are arguably a result of the general perception that individuals are not well informed and, hence, are better off using professional services (Davis, 2009). However, this paper provides evidence supporting the opposite. Using a global sample, we examine whether retail trading is informative around the world. Overall, retail investors are documented to enhance price efficiency by trading in the same direction as permanent price changes, contributing 24.8 % to price discovery, and accelerating the information from both scheduled and unscheduled news to be impounded into prices.
Thermal characteristics of birch and its cellulose and hemicelluloses isolated by alkaline solution
Authors: Qi Chusheng , Hou Suyun , Lu Jianxiong , Xue Weiwei , Sun Ke
Published: July 2020

Cellulose and hemicelluloses were isolated from birch wood using a dilute alkaline solution and then consolidated into pellets as model compounds of cellulose and hemicelluloses in the wood cell wall. The purity of isolated cellulose and hemicelluloses was examined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The density, thermal diffusivity, heat capacity, and thermal conductivity were experimentally determined for consolidated birch powder, cellulose, and hemicelluloses in over-dry condition. The thermal degradation kinetic parameters of these materials were successfully calculated using a conversion rate step of 0.01, and the relationship with conversion rate was established. The results show that cellulose and hemicelluloses consolidated under 25 MPa had densities of 1362 kg/m3and 1464 kg/m3, respectively. The cell wall of birch powder in the oven-dry state was not collapsed under 25 MPa. The thermal diffusivity of consolidated birch powder, cellulose, and hemicelluloses linearly decreased with temperature, with values of 0.08, 0.15, and 0.20 mm2/s at room temperature, respectively. The specific heat capacity (1104, 1209, and 1305 J/(kg·K) at 22 °C, respectively) and thermal conductivity (0.09, 0.24, and 0.38 W/(m·K) at 22 °C, respectively) linearly increased with temperature, except for those for hemicelluloses which exhibited a nonlinear relationship with temperature above 120 °C, and their linear experimental prediction equations were given. Birch cellulose was more thermally stable than hemicelluloses. The thermal degradation kinetic parameters including activation energy and pre-exponential factor of birch powder, cellulose, and hemicelluloses varied with the conversion rate and calculation methods, with average activation energy in a conversion rate range of 0.02–0.15 of 123.2, 159.0, and 147.2 kJ/mol, respectively (using the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method), for average natural logarithm pre-exponential factors of 25.0, 33.1, and 28.7 min−1, respectively. Linear and quadratic equations were fitted to describe the relationship between the kinetic parameters and conversion rates. These results give comprehensive thermal properties of the densified cellulose and hemicelluloses isolated from a specific wood.
Fabrication of highly stable and durable furfurylated wood materials. Part II: the multi-scale distribution of furfuryl alcohol (FA) resin in wood
Authors: Li Wanju , Liu Minghui , Wang Hankun , Yu Yan
Published: July 2020

The aim of this investigation was mainly to evaluate the multi-scale distribution of furfuryl alcohol (FA) resin in modified Chinese fir and poplar wood.13C CP/MAS NMR, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), Nanoindentation and Imaging Fourier transform infrared microscopy (Imaging FT-IR) were applied to describe the FA resin distribution in wood from bulk to cell wall scale. The results showed that FA resin were mainly located in the cell cavity of Chinese fir tracheids. For poplar, FA resin was mostly deposited in the cavity of fibers and ray cells, while little was found in the adjacent vessels. Lots of pits of wood cells were covered with FA resin which implied a higher risk of drying after wood furfurlation in practical production. Nanoindentation demonstrated that FA resin could easily infiltrate into the wood cell wall because both reduced modulus and hardness of the modified wood cell walls were significantly improved. This conclusion was further supported by the results of imaging FT-IR.
Perceived stress, physiological stress reactivity, and exit exam performance in a prelicensure Bachelor of Science nursing program
Authors: Brodersen Lisa , Lorenz Rebecca
Published: July 2020

Objectives

High-stakes exams are a source of chronic stress that may adversely affect nursing students’ thinking, behavior, and overall health. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships of perceived stress, physiological stress reactivity, and exit exam performance.

Methods

A within-subjects design allowed measurement of perceived stress, salivary cortisol, and salivary alpha amylase in pre-licensure nursing students under two different conditions: a high-stakes exit exam and a low-stakes homework assignment.

Results

Perceived stress and salivary alpha amylase were significantly higher after the high-stakes exam compared to the homework condition. Perceived stress after the exam was correlated with lower exam score.

Conclusion

Study findings suggest that in response to a high-stakes exam, prelicensure nursing students experience high levels of perceived stress coupled with sympathetic activation but not activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis.
Financial Globalization as a Barrier to Democratic Consolidation: a North-South Model with Public Goods
Authors: Porcile Gabriel
Published: July 2020

This paper modifies the Acemoglu–Robinson model of the economic basis of democracy to discuss the impact of the international regime regulating capital flows on the consolidation and quality of democracy. Two regimes of capital mobility are considered, Bretton Woods and Rodrik’s hyperglobalization, in an international economy formed by an advanced North and a developing South. The model shows that hyperglobalization compromises the stability of democracy in the South by limiting the ability of the citizens to tax the elite and provide public goods which are critical for technical change and income distribution. At variance with the mainstream results, it is argued that financial globalization is a barrier to democratic consolidation. The model is consistent with key findings of the empirical literature on globalization and democracy, as well as with evidence from the economic history of Latin America.
First Responders’ and Librarians’ Intention to Use Web-Based Resources for Response Information During Biological, Chemical, and Radiological Terrorism Events
Authors: Turner James , Rebmann Terri , Loux Travis , Tao Donghua , Garza Alexander
Published: July 2020

Emergency planners and first responders often access web-based information resources during disasters; however, these tools require an active Internet connection, which may be unavailable during a disaster. The National Library of Medicine (NLM) provides several free non-web-based disaster response tools. This study assessed intention to use web-based and non-web-based informational and response tools during disasters among emergency responders and librarians. Educational workshops were held in four Missouri cities in spring, 2016. The NLM tools were presented and attendees practiced using the tools during disaster scenarios. Pre- and post-intervention data about NLM tool awareness and intention to use these tools versus other web-based resources was collected. McNemar tests assessed a pre/post change in intention to use each resource. Four workshops were held, with a total of 74 attendees. Intention to use the NLM tools was low prior to the workshops (range: 20.3–39.2%), but increased significantly immediately afterwards (p < .001 for all pre/post comparisons). The workshops resulted in increased NLM tool awareness and increased intention to use the tools during future disasters. This provides evidence of attendees’ perceptions of the usefulness of the non-web-based NLM tools in place of other web-based tools in situations without Internet access.
Specifications of standards in systems and synthetic biology: status and developments in 2020
Authors: Schreiber Falk , Sommer Björn , Czauderna Tobias , Golebiewski Martin , Gorochowski Thomas E. , Hucka Michael , Keating Sarah M. , König Matthias , Myers Chris , Nickerson David , Waltemath Dagmar
Published: July 2020

This special issue of the Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics presents papers related to the 10th COMBINE meeting together with the annual update of COMBINE standards in systems and synthetic biology.
A Deep Level Tagger for Malayalam, a Morphologically Rich Language
Authors: Ajees A. P. , Abrar K. J. , Sumam Mary Idicula , Sreenathan M.
Published: July 2020

In recent years, there has been tremendous growth in the amount of natural language text through various sources. Computational analysis of this text has got considerable attention among the NLP researchers. Automatic analysis and representation of natural language text is a step by step procedure. Deep level tagging is one of such steps applied over the text. In this paper, we demonstrate a methodology for deep level tagging of Malayalam text. Deep level tagging is the process of assigning deeper level information to every noun and verb in the text along with normal POS tags. In this study, we move towards a direction that is not much explored in the case of Malayalam language. Malayalam is a morphologically rich and agglutinative language. The morphological features of the language are effectively utilized for the computational analysis of Malayalam text. The language level details required for the study are provided by Thunjath Ezhuthachan Malayalam University, Tirur.
Improving Grey Prediction Model and Its Application in Predicting the Number of Users of a Public Road Transportation System
Authors: Balochian Saeed , Baloochian Hossein
Published: July 2020

The recent increase in the road transportation necessitates scheduling to reduce the adverse impacts of the road transportation and evaluate the effectiveness of previous actions taken in this context. However, it is impossible to undertake the scheduling and evaluation tasks unless previous information are available to predict the future. The grey model requires a limited volume of data for estimating the behavior of an unknown system. It provides high-accuracy predictions based on few data points. Various grey prediction models have been proposed so far, in which three different approaches are followed to increase the accuracy: (1) data preprocessing, (2) improved equation models, and (3) error improvement or error balancing. In this paper, firstly, a theorem is proposed and proved to recognize the parameters affecting two grey models, namely GM(1, 1) and FGM(1, 1). Then, the effective parameters are adjusted through particle swarm optimization (PSO) to formulate two adjusted models, namely IGM(1, 1) and IFGM(1, 1). According to the simulation results of the proposed models, accuracy of the modeling improved by a minimum of 14.24% and a maximum of 82.39%. Finally, the number of users of a public road transportation system was predicted using the proposed models. The results showed enhanced accuracy (by 7.7%) of the proposed models for predicting the number of users of the public road transportation system.
A Theoretical Study of the Temperature Gradient Effect on the Soret Coefficient in n-Pentane/n-Decane Mixtures Using Non-Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Liang Ruquan , Wang Yong , Xia Ziqi , Wu Lichun , Liang Yang , Cui Gan
Published: July 2020

The effect of the temperature gradient on the Soret coefficient in n-pentane/n-decane (n-C5/n-C10) mixtures was investigated using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) with the heat exchange (eHEX) algorithm. n-Pentane/n-decane mixtures with three different compositions (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 mole fractions, respectively) and the TraPPE-UA force field were used in computing the Soret coefficient (

S

T

{S_{T}}

) at 300 K and 1 atm. Added/removed heat quantities (ΔQ) of 0.002, 0.004, 0.006, 0.008, and 0.01 kcal/mol were employed in eHEX processes in order to study the effect of different thermal gradients on the Soret coefficient. Moreover, a phenomenological description was applied to discuss the mechanism of this effect. Present results show that the Soret coefficient values firstly fluctuate violently and then become increasingly stable with increasing ΔQ (especially in the mixture with a mole fraction of 0.75), which means that ΔQ has a smaller effect on the Soret coefficient when the temperature gradient is higher than a certain thermal gradient. Thus, a high temperature gradient is recommended for calculating the Soret coefficient under the conditions that a linear response and constant phase are ensured in the system. In addition, the simulated Soret coefficient obtained at the highest ΔQ within three different compositions is in great agreement with experimental data.
Boundary update via resolvent for fluid-structure interaction
Authors: Bukač Martina , Trenchea Catalin
Published: July 2020

We propose a BOundary Update using Resolvent (BOUR) partitioned method, second-order accurate in time, unconditionally stable, for the interaction between a viscous, incompressible fluid and a thin structure. The method is algorithmically similar to the sequential Backward Euler - Forward Euler implementation of the midpoint quadrature rule. (i) The structure and fluid sub-problems are first solved using a Backward Euler scheme, (ii) the velocities of fluid and structure are updated on the boundary via a second-order consistent resolvent operator, and then (iii) the structure and fluid sub-problems are solved again, using a Forward Euler scheme. The stability analysis based on energy estimates shows that the scheme is unconditionally stable. Error analysis of the semi-discrete problem yields second-order convergence in time. The two numerical examples confirm theoretical convergence analysis results and show an excellent agreement between the proposed partitioned scheme and the monolithic scheme.
Different modulation schemes for direct and external modulators based on various laser sources
Authors: El-Hageen Hazem M. , Kuppusamy P.G. , Alatwi Aadel M. , Sivaram M. , Yasar Z. Ahamed , Zaki Rashed Ahmed Nabih
Published: July 2020

Different types of laser source modulation techniques have been used in various applications depending on the objective. As optical systems extract the laws and the best solutions from experiments and simulations, the present study uses simulation software with different modulation types so the output signals can be compared. The modulators used are Mach-Zehnder, which is an external modulator, and electro-absorption modulator and laser rate equation modulator, which are direct modulators. All these types have an optical link multimode (MM) fiber with a photodiode in the receiver end that can be modeled. The input and output signals are analyzed using different types of modulations.
Symmetry-tailored patterns and polarizations of single-photon emission
Authors: Zhang Guorui , Gu Ying , Gong Qihuang , Chen Jianjun
Published: July 2020

Due to small optical mode volumes and linear polarizations of surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) resonant modes in metallic antennas, it is very difficult to obtain complex emission patterns and polarizations for single-photon emitters. Herein, nonresonant enhancement in a silver nanowire is used to both enhance emission rates and extract a z-oriented dipole, and then the symmetry of metallic nanostructures is proposed to tailor the patterns and polarizations of single-photon emission. The emission pattern of a quantum dot located close to a metallic nanostructure with a symmetric axis is split into multiple flaps. The number of splitting flaps is equal to the order of the symmetric axis. Moreover, the electric vectors of the emitted photons become centrally symmetric about the symmetric axis. The above phenomena are well explained by both a simulation and an image dipole model. The structural-symmetry-tailoring mechanism may open up a new avenue in the design of multifunctional and novel quantum-plasmonic devices.
Purcell-enhanced emission from individual SiV− center in nanodiamonds coupled to a Si3N4-based, photonic crystal cavity
Authors: Fehler Konstantin G. , Ovvyan Anna P. , Antoniuk Lukas , Lettner Niklas , Gruhler Nico , Davydov Valery A. , Agafonov Viatcheslav N. , Pernice Wolfram H.P. , Kubanek Alexander
Published: July 2020

Hybrid quantum photonics combines classical photonics with quantum emitters in a postprocessing step. It facilitates to link ideal quantum light sources to optimized photonic platforms. Optical cavities enable to harness the Purcell-effect boosting the device efficiency. Here, we postprocess a free-standing, crossed-waveguide photonic crystal cavity based on Si3N4 with SiV− center in nanodiamonds. We develop a routine that optimizes the overlap with the cavity electric field utilizing atomic force microscope (AFM) nanomanipulation to attain control of spatial and dipole alignment. Temperature tuning further gives access to the spectral emitter-cavity overlap. After a few optimization cycles, we resolve the fine-structure of individual SiV− centers and achieve a Purcell enhancement of more than 4 on individual optical transitions, meaning that four out of five spontaneously emitted photons are channeled into the photonic device. Our work opens up new avenues to construct efficient quantum photonic devices.
Selective surface-enhanced Raman scattering in a bulk nanoplasmonic Bi2O3-Ag eutectic composite
Authors: Szlachetko Kamil , Piotrowski Piotr , Sadecka Katarzyna , Osewski Paweł , Kasprowicz Dobrosława , Pawlak Dorota A.
Published: July 2020

A recent surge of interest in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has stimulated the search for new systems that can be utilized to fabricate high-performance optical devices. However, the two-dimensional design of the vast majority of SERS-based assemblies has significantly hindered their real-life applicability, motivating the development of three-dimensional volumetric materials. Here, we report selective SERS observed in a volumetric Bi2O3-Ag eutectic composite obtained by the micro-pulling-down method utilizing directional solidification of eutectics. The enhancement of the Raman signal originates from the localized surface plasmon resonance, LSPR, resulting from silver nanoparticles embedded in the composite. The plasmonic origin of the enhancement is confirmed by characteristic features, such as (i) an enhancement magnitude >103, (ii) the correspondence between the Raman bands’ intensity upon excitation by different wavelengths and the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) intensity, and (iii) the occurrence of overtones, which are absent in the as-grown material that does not exhibit LSPR. The examined Bi2O3-Ag eutectic-based composite is obtained by directional solidification using a simple crystal growth technique. It is the first case of a bulk SERS-active material fabricated by crystal growth techniques, which opens new perspectives towards scalable three-dimensional optical elements with tunable properties based on Raman scattering.
The Role of Offline Places for Communication and Social Interaction in Online and Virtual Spaces in the Multinational Workplace
Authors: Pettersen Lene
Published: July 2020

There is a common assumption that information communication technology (ICT) enables employees to work together and to be virtually co-present, regardless of time and place. However, previous studies of social networking sites (e.g. Facebook and social enterprise media in work settings) show a consistent tendency among users to reconnect and communicate online almost exclusively with people they already know. The paper at hand examines in depth what role shared places have in knowledge work and in creating a virtual or online co-presence among knowledge professionals. The findings of the present study show that the tendency of communicating with known others in online spaces is also at play in the offline workplace, as professionals approach those whom they already know when in need of work-related help. One of the conclusions is that the geographical workplace plays a key role in creating a common ground for communication and social integration among employees, since a core dimension in knowledge work is social interaction. The paper uses insights from a qualitative and longitudinal case study (2010–2013) of a multinational consultancy company.
Effect of ball milling process on the photocatalytic performance of CdS/TiO2composite
Authors: Ye Mengya , Pan Jiahui , Guo Zhan , Liu Xiaoyu , Chen Yu
Published: July 2020

CdS/TiO2composite photocatalysts were made by the method of secondary ball milling at different ball milling speeds, milling time, and material ratios. After the secondary ball milling process, parts of the samples were calcined at high temperatures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) were used to observe the powder particle size, structural defect, bandgap, and absorption spectrum of the samples. Combined with the observation results, the effects of ball milling speed, time, material ratio, and high-temperature calcination on the photocatalytic performance of CdS/TiO2composite samples were analyzed. Furthermore, the methyl orange (MO) was chosen to simulate pollutants, and the photocatalytic degradation rate of CdS/TiO2composite photocatalysts for MO was evaluated under sunlight and UV irradiation conditions. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of CdS/TiO2photocatalyst under UV irradiation is much higher than that under sunlight irradiation. The experimental results reveal that secondary ball milling can effectively promote the formation of CdS/TiO2composite nanostructure and the high-temperature calcination can reduce the bandgap width, which makes the samples easier to be excited. When the ball milling speed, time, and material ratio were respectively 400 rpm, 10 h, 25:75, and then calcined at high temperature, after 2 h of irradiation under UV light, CdS/TiO2composite photocatalysts exhibited maximum photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 57.84%.
Effect of annealing heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of nonequiatomic CoCrFeNiMo medium-entropy alloys prepared by hot isostatic pressing
Authors: Zhang Yali , Jiang Xiaosong , Sun Hongliang , Shao Zhenyi
Published: July 2020

In this study, nonequiatomic Co28.5Cr21.5Fe20Ni26Mo4 medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) were prepared using hot isostatic pressing. The effect of annealing heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of MEAs was investigated. The results showed that the microstructure of as-sintered alloys was mainly composed of the face-centered cubic (FCC) phase and μ phase. The presence of the μ phase could improve the compressive strength of Co28.5Cr21.5Fe20Ni26Mo4 MEAs. Meanwhile, the ductile FCC phase matrix could effectively suppress the propagation of cracks to improve its ductility. Hence, as-sintered MEAs possessed excellent compression properties, and the average compressive strength value was 2,606 MPa when the strain was 50%. Compared with as-sintered MEAs, the phase composition of as-annealed MEAs did not change. The micro-hardness of annealed MEAs was stable compared to as-sintered MEAs (342 HV), and its fluctuation was about ±30 HV. The compressive strength of the annealed MEAs did not alter greatly, and the maximum fluctuation value was only about 6.5%. Hence, Co28.5Cr21.5Fe20Ni26Mo4 MEAs had excellent thermal stability.
Solution chemistry in the surface region of aqueous solutions
Authors: Persson Ingmar , Werner Josephina , Björneholm Olle , Blanco Yina Salamanca , Topel Önder , Bajnóczi Éva G.
Published: July 2020

Solution chemistry is commonly regarded as the physical chemistry of reactions and chemical equilibria taking place in the bulk of a solvent, and between solutes in solution, and solids or gases in contact with the solution. Our knowledge about such reactions and equilibria in aqueous solution is very detailed such as their physico–chemical constants at varying temperature, pressure, ionic medium and strength. In this paper the solution chemistry in the surface region of aqueous solutions, down to ca. 10 Å below the water–air interface, will be discussed. In this region, the density and relative permittivity are significantly smaller than in the aqueous bulk strongly affecting the chemical behaviour of solutes. Surface sensitive X-ray spectroscopic methods have recently been applicable on liquids and solutions by use of liquid jets. This allows the investigation of the speciation of compounds present in the water–air interface and the surface region, a region hardly studied before. Speciation studies show overwhelmingly that neutral molecules are accumulated in the surface region, while charged species are depleted from it. It has been shown that the equilibria between aqueous bulk, surface region, solids and/or air are very fast allowing effective transport of chemicals over the aqueous surface region.
Pandemic Police States
Authors: Coyne Christopher J. , Yatsyshina Yuliya
Published: July 2020

The COVID-19 outbreak prompted governments around the world to employ a range of emergency methods to combat the pandemic. In many countries these emergency measures relied heavily on police powers, which refer to the capacity of governments to forcefully regulate behavior and impose order as defined by those in control of the state apparatus. Throughout the world police powers have been used to limit free association through government-imposed stay-at-home orders, impose social distancing rules, close non-essential businesses, and impose lockdowns. State orders have been enforced through various forms of direct monitoring, indirect surveillance, and in some instances, violence. We discuss the theoretical foundations of the troubling aspects of pandemic police states. We then catalog some pandemic police state activities associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. We conclude with the implications for peace studies.
Disagreement among Arabic speakers in faceless computer-mediated communication
Authors: Harb Mustafa
Published: July 2020

This study provides a pragmatic taxonomy of asynchronous computer-mediated expressions of disagreement by Arabic speakers. It draws on a specialized corpus of approximately fifty thousand words in the form of naturally occurring comments/posts compiled over a period of ninety days from 19 Arabic Facebook Pages and Groups in three topic areas: (i) religion, (ii) politics and (iii) society. Following Relational Work (Locher and Watts 2005, 2008), I propose ten discursive strategies as underlying patterns of the pragmatic realization of disagreement among Arabic speakers. These include IRRELEVANCY CLAIM, CONTRADICTION, COUNTERCLAIM, CHALLENGE, EXCLAMATION, VERBAL IRONY, ARGUMENT AVOIDANCE, MILD SCOLDING, SUPPLICATION, and VERBAL ATTACK. With the exclusion of some examples, I argue that most of these strategies are neither polite nor impolite, but rather appropriate (i. e., politic) in the context of disagreement. I also provide evidence that sociocultural and religious norms have impacts on SUPPLICATION and MILD SCOLDING.
Religiöse und spirituelle Bedürfnisse bei traumatisierten muslimischen Patienten in Sarajevo
Authors: Glavas Andrijana , Büssing Arndt , Baumann Klaus
Published: July 2020

Nach dem Krieg in Bosnien und Herzegowina leiden viele Menschen an Traumafolgeerkrankungen. Das Ziel der Studie war, religiöse und spirituelle Bedürfnisse bei den mehrheitlich muslimischen Patienten in Sarajevo zu untersuchen.
Existenzielle Wiedergutmachung in der Bewältigung von Traumata
Authors: Cöppicus Lichtsteiner Gisela A.
Published: July 2020

Frühtraumatisierte Menschen leiden oft an tiefgreifenden Entwicklungsstörungen und persönlichkeitsverändernden posttraumatischen seelischen Belastungen. Religion und Spiritualität können sich als heilende Ressourcen erweisen. Der Beitrag zeigt anhand von philosophischen und theologischen Aussagen der Autoren Josef Rudin, Paul Tillich, Rüdiger Safranski und Karl Jaspers auf, wie wichtig die Einbeziehung der religiösen und spirituellen Dimension bei existenziell erschütternden Erfahrungen ist. Eine Fallvignette veranschaulicht, wie eine spontan auftretende existenziell-religiöse Erfahrung in die Katathym Imaginative Psychotherapie wirkungsvoll einbezogen werden kann. Abschließend werden Impulse für Spiritual Care in der Psychotherapie gebündelt. Für Versöhnung und Heilung aus der Tiefe prägt die Autorin den Begriff „existenzielle Wiedergutmachung“.
Spirituelle Bedürfnisse schwer kranker Menschen mit Fluchterfahrung. Herausforderungen für die Palliativversorgung
Authors: Banse Christian , Nauck Friedemann
Published: July 2020

Flüchtlinge und Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund, die im deutschen Gesundheitssystem palliativ versorgt werden, befürchten Ausgrenzung. Ergebnisse aus einem qualitativen Forschungsprojekt zeigen, dass diese Patientinnen und Patienten ihre Flucht und die palliative Situation als doppelte Vulnerabilität erleben. Sie fragen sich in diesem Zusammenhang, was am Lebensende wichtig ist. Seltener werden ‚klassisch‘ spirituelle Antworten etwa aus der jeweiligen Religion, der man angehört, gegeben, sondern zumeist stehen die professionelle Unterstützung bei der Erfüllung von Grundbedürfnissen und die Wahrnehmung der Ängste etwa durch die behandelnden Ärzte für die Patientinnen und Patienten als hilfreiche Ressourcen im Vordergrund. Die Palliativversorger betonen die Probleme, die bei der Unterstützung auftreten, wenn das palliative Angebot von Patientinnen und Patienten nicht wahrgenommen wird. Zu den Ressourcen, die für die Patientinnen und Patienten in der Verarbeitung der Situation wichtig sind, gehört ein Vertrauen in die Palliativversorgung. In diesem Zusammenhang sollte von Seiten des medizinischen und pflegerischen Personals die Akzeptanz der Diversität der Patienten-Biografien wichtig sein. Spiritualität, die zu wenig aus der Perspektive der Patientinnen und Patienten betrachtet wird, kann auch zu einer Barriere im Austausch von Patient/-in und Palliativversorgern werden.
The Meta–Narrative Moment: Rhesus’ Horses Revisited
Authors: Tsagalis Christos C.
Published: July 2020

This study offers a thorough re-examination of the claim that the Doloneia is a major interpolation in the Iliad, since the horses of Rhesus stolen by the two Achaean spies in Iliad 10 are not used by Diomedes to win the chariot race in the Funeral Games in honor of Patroclus in Iliad 23. It is argued that this claim is wrong. Diomedes wins with the semi-divine Trojan horses he has stolen from Aeneas in Iliad 5, i. e. with the best horses after Achilles’ divine horses which are not used in the chariot race. Aeneas’ horses are the only ones that can defeat Eumelus’ excellent mares, which have been called the second-best Achaean horses in Il. 2.763–764.