bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Nitrogen and Alkene Substitution on the PtCl2‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of N‐Tethered 1,6‐Enyne Precursors to the Triple Reuptake Inhibitor GSK1360707.
Authors: Elitzin Vassil , Liu Bing , Sharp Matthew , Tabet Elie
Published: September 2011

The more electron‐withdrawing the N‐protecting group and the alkene substituent, the slower is the reaction rate of the cycloisomerization of 1,6‐enynes to yield bicyclic products (II) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneously Catalyzed Diastereoselective Synthesis of 2‐Nitro‐1,3‐di(pyridin‐2‐yl)propane‐1,3‐diols
Authors: Schulz Martin , Wimmer Katja , Goerls Helmar , Westerhausen Matthias
Published: September 2011

via two consecutive Henry nitroaldol reactions
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental and Theoretical Studies on the Tautomerism in 2‐Aminopyridines and 2(1H)‐Pyridinones: Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐4‐aryl‐3‐cyano‐6‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)pyridines and 4‐Aryl‐3‐cyano‐6‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐2(1H)‐pyridinones.
Authors: Davoodnia Abolghasem , Attar Paria , Morsali Ali , Eshghi Hossein , Tavakoli‐Hoseini Niloofar , Khadem Shahriar
Published: September 2011

The reaction is conducted under solvent free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of Tricyclic Derivatives Containing a Non‐Aromatic Amide as Poly(ADP‐ribose)polymerase‐1 (PARP‐1) Inhibitors.
Authors: Park Chun‐Ho , Chun Kwangwoo , Choi Jong‐Hee , Ji Wan‐Keun , Kim Hyun Young , Kim Seung Hyun , Han Gyoonhee , Kim Myung‐Hwa
Published: September 2011

The compounds (V) and (IX) are evaluated of their PARP‐1 inhibitory activity.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Naphthoyl‐pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinolines from Quinolinium N‐Ylides.
Authors: Georgescu Emilian , Georgescu Florentina , Draghici Constantin , Caproiu Miron T. , Dumitrascu Florea
Published: September 2011

A variety of the title compounds (IV) (10 examples) is synthesized by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of quinolinium N‐ylides generated in situ by a simple one‐pot, three‐component reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Polycyclic N‐Heterocyclic Compounds. Part 70. Synthesis of 5‐Amino‐1,2‐dihydrofuro[2,3‐b]pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐d]pyridines and Related Compounds. Evaluation of Effects on Lipoprotein Lipase mRNA Expression.
Authors: Okuda Kensuke , Takechi Hideyasu , Hirota Takashi , Sasaki Kenji
Published: September 2011

The tetracyclic title heterocycles (II) are synthesized via a Truce—Smiles rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalytic Aryloxylation of β‐Keto Esters.
Authors: Greenaway Kevin , Dambruoso Paolo , Ferrali Alessandro , Hazelwood Andrew J. , Sladojevich Filippo , Dixon Darren J.
Published: September 2011

The process affords tricyclic dioxine adducts with high diastereoselectivity and e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Ring Opening/Cyclization of Vinylcyclopropanes: A Facile Synthesis of Chiral Bicyclic Amidines.
Authors: Ganesh Venkataraman , Sureshkumar Devarajulu , Chandrasekaran Srinivasan
Published: September 2011

Treatment of vinylcyclopropane derivatives with nitriles and chloramine‐T (II) results in a tandem ring opening/cyclization through a Ritter‐type rearrangement to afford enantiopure bicyclic amidines.
ChemInform Abstract: Imides: Forgotten Players in the Ugi Reaction. One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Quinazolinones.
Authors: Mossetti Riccardo , Pirali Tracey , Saggiorato Desiree , Tron Gian Cesare
Published: September 2011

The imides, formed from the Ugi reaction of 2‐azido benzoic acids (I), isonitriles (II), aldehydes (III) and secondary amines (IV) are further subjected to an aza‐Wittig reaction to afford quinazolines (V) in an one‐pot procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of Quinazoline‐2,4‐dione Derivatives and Application to Naturally Occurring Alkaloids from Zanthoxylum arborescens.
Authors: Li Xin , Lee Yong Rok
Published: September 2011

Starting from product (IVc) a naturally occurring alkaloid is obtained by N‐methylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,1‐Benzothiazines from 2‐Alkenyl‐ and 2‐Alkynylanilides and Lawesson Reagent.
Authors: Okuma Kentaro , Ozaki Saori , Nagahora Noriyoshi , Shioji Kosei
Published: September 2011

The first report on the direct synthesis of benzothiazines from alkynyl and alkenyl anilides is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 12,12a‐Dihydro‐7,12a‐diazacyclohepta[cd]benz[g]azulen‐12‐one (Cyclohepta[mn]pyrrolo[2,1‐c][1,4]benzodiazepin‐12‐one) and Evaluation of Cytotoxic Activity Against HeLa S3 Cells.
Authors: Yoshioka Eiko , Fujii Hiroyuki , Murafuji Toshihiro , Ikeda Reiko , Konakahara Takeo , Gunji Takahiro , Abe Noritaka
Published: September 2011

The synthesis of the new title pyrrolobenzodiazepine (IV) is described, which exhibits strong cytotoxic activity against HeLa S3 cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Naphthodiazacrown Ethers.
Authors: Singh Pallavi , Verma Rajiv K. , Singh Maya Shankar
Published: September 2011

A convenient three‐step sequence allows the synthesis of 16 to 27‐membered crown ethers (V) and (VI) from aldehyde (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Borylation of Aryl Mesylates and Tosylates and Their Applications in One‐Pot Sequential Suzuki—Miyaura Biaryl Synthesis.
Authors: Chow Wing Kin , So Chau Ming , Lau Chak Po , Kwong Fuk Yee
Published: September 2011

A new catalyst system is used for the title process.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkynylboronates and ‐boramides in CoI‐ and RhI‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloadditions: Construction of Oligoaryls Through Selective Suzuki Couplings.
Authors: Iannazzo Laura , Vollhardt K. Peter C. , Malacria Max , Aubert Corinne , Gandon Vincent
Published: September 2011

Compounds bearing different borylated groups are constructed by Co‐ or Rh‐catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition and subjected to site‐selective Suzuki cross‐couplings.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Antiplasmodial Activity of Quinoline‐Ferrocene Esters.
Authors: N'Da David D. , Breytenbach Jaco C. , Smith Peter J. , Lategan Carmen
Published: September 2011

New chloroquine analogues bearing a redox‐active ferrocene moiety are synthesized (no yields given) and screened for their in vitro antiplasmodial activity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthesis of Pseudo‐Mauveine and a Homologue.
Authors: Plater M. John
Published: September 2011

A procedure for the synthesis of a pseudo‐mauveine (VI) by dichromate oxidation of N‐phenyl‐p‐phenylenediamine (IV) in the presence of two equivalents of aniline is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Radioiodinated Carbocyclic Cytosine Analogues.
Authors: Ahn Hyunseok , An Gwangil , Rhee Hakjune
Published: September 2011

The cytosine analogues (IV) and (VII) can be used for radioiodination reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on Vitamin D Analogues. Part 39. Synthesis of 1‐Deoxyeldecalcitol, a Biologically Interesting Analogue of 1α,25‐Dihydroxy‐2β‐(3‐hydroxypropoxy)vitamin D3 (Eldecalcitol).
Authors: Sasaki Hirotaka , Eto Kohei , Takahashi Keisuke , Ishihara Jun , Hatakeyama Susumi , Kubodera Noboru
Published: September 2011

The synthesis of 1‐deoxyeldecalcitol (IV) is realized employing Trost′s methodology involving a palladium‐catalyzed coupling between enyne (II) and bromoalkene (III) as key step.
ChemInform Abstract: V—Ni—Ti Multi‐Phase Alloy Membranes for Hydrogen Purification.
Authors: Song G. , Dolan M. D. , Kellam M. E. , Liang D. , Zambelli S.
Published: September 2011

V85‐xTixNi15 (0 ≤ x ≤ 30) alloys are prepared by arc melting of the elements and electrical‐discharge wire cutting.
ChemInform Abstract: Analysis of Crystallographic and Structural Data of Polymeric FeM (M = Transition Metals, Lanthanides) Complexes
Authors: Melnik Milan , Garaj Jan
Published: September 2011

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Magnetic Properties of Hcp and Fcc Nanocrystalline Thin Ni Films and Nanoparticles Produced by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Kapaklis Vassilios , Pappas Spiridon D. , Poulopoulos Panagiotis , Trachylis Dimitrios , Schweiss Peter , Politis Constantin
Published: September 2011

Review: 19 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrodes for High‐Temperature Electrochemical Cells: Novel Materials and Recent Trends
Authors: Tsipis Ekaterina V. , Kharton Vladislav V.
Published: September 2011

Review: 256 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Valorisation of Polymetallic Hydroxide Sludge as Pollutant Trappers
Authors: Perrin Loic , Laforest Valerie , Bourgois Jacques
Published: September 2011

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Oxidation State +3: Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Aldridge Simon , Downs Anthony J. , Kays Deborah L.
Published: September 2011

Review: 929 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: [m+n]‐Cycloaddition Reactions (Excluding [4+2])
Authors: Jiang G.‐J. , Wang Y. , Yu Z.‐X.
Published: September 2011

Review: 162 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon‐Based Formation of Carbon—Carbon Bonds
Authors: Larson Gerald L.
Published: September 2011

Review: 33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Syntheses of Kapakahines E and F
Authors: Rainier Jon D. , Espejo Vinson R.
Published: September 2011

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies Toward Communesins
Authors: Zuo Zhiwei , Ma Dawei
Published: September 2011

Review: 31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrazole‐3(4)‐carbaldehyde: Synthesis, Reactions and Biological Activity
Authors: Abdel‐Wahab Bakr F. , Khidre Rizk E. , Farahat Abdelbasset A.
Published: September 2011

Review: 110 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Calix[n]pyrroles as Anion and Ion‐Pair Complexants
Authors: Gale Philip A. , Lee Chang‐Hee
Published: September 2011

Review: 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: [4 + 2]Cycloaddition Reactions of Indole Derivatives
Authors: Kester Robert F. , Berthel Steven J. , Firooznia Fariborz
Published: September 2011

Review: 139 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: [2 + 2], [3 + 2] and [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Indole Derivatives
Authors: Firooznia Fariborz , Kester Robert F. , Berthel Steven J.
Published: September 2011

Review: 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metalation of Indole
Authors: Pelkey Erin T.
Published: September 2011

Review: 399 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Indole with Nucleophiles
Authors: Kishbaugh Tara L. S.
Published: September 2011

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Substitution Reactions of Indoles
Authors: Sundberg Richard J.
Published: September 2011

Review: 396 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Indoles and Related Heterocycles
Authors: Juwarker Hemraj , Suk Jae‐min , Jeong Kyu‐Sung
Published: September 2011

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Reissert‐Type Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Kielland Nicola , Lavilla Rodolfo
Published: September 2011

Review: 227 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rich Chemistry of α‐Lithiated Epoxides and Aziridines
Authors: Hodgson D. M.
Published: September 2011

Review: 26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Routes and Biological Evaluation of Largazole and Its Analogues as Potent Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
Authors: Li Shang , Yao Hequan , Xu Jinyi , Jiang Sheng
Published: September 2011

Review: 21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Covalent Cyanates and Fulminates
Authors: Pasinszki Tibor , Krebsz Melinda
Published: September 2011

Review: 137 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Amination of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Margaretha P.
Published: September 2011

Review: 131 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electromagnetism for Understanding of the Material Behavior of Magnetic Materials
Authors: Boller C. , Altpeter I. , Dobmann G. , Rabung M. , Schreiber J. , Szielasko K. , Tschuncky R.
Published: September 2011

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Degradation of Polymers in Aggressive Media: Kinetic Approach
Authors: Zaikov G. E. , Artsis M. I.
Published: September 2011

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzyme Immobilization on/in Polymeric Membranes: Status, Challenges and Perspectives in Biocatalytic Membrane Reactors (BMRs)
Authors: Jochems Peter , Satyawali Yamini , Diels Ludo , Dejonghe Winnie
Published: September 2011

Review: 156 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Neurochemical Mechanisms of a Novel Alzheimer′s Disease Therapeutics on Improvement of Cognition and Depressive Behavior
Authors: Shioda Norifumi , Yamamoto Yui , Han Feng , Moriguchi Shigeki , Fukunaga Kohji
Published: September 2011

Review: 42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phthalocyanines: Colorful Macroheterocyclic Sensitizers for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Martinez‐Diaz M. Victoria , Ince Mine , Torres Tomas
Published: September 2011

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Mixed Valence
Authors: Hankache Jihane , Wenger Oliver S.
Published: September 2011

Review: 205 refs.
Determination and Analysis of the Thermodynamic Regimes of Xenon Plasmas
Authors: Rodriguez R. , Gil J.M. , Florido R. , Rubiano J.G. , Mendoza M.A. , Martel P. , Minguez E.
Published: September 2011

Xenon is a common element employed, for example, as impurity in magnetically confined plasmas or the medium in which radiative shocks propagate in laboratory astrophysics. In both situations, it is required the knowledge of plasma parameters such as the average ionization, the charge state distribution, the atomic level populations and the radiative properties. In most cases, the plasmas are under non‐local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) conditions and these quantities should be determined by means of the so‐called collisionalradiative models. For a high Z element like xenon this is a complex task and entails a high computational cost since it is necessary to solve a very large set of rate equations. In this work are characterized the thermodynamic regimes of xenon plasmas as a function of the matter density and temperature. This fact will allow us to establish in which regions of density and temperature the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) is accurate and also in which regions it can be retained to estimate some plasma parameters but not others. Moreover, it is also provided information about the average ionization in a wide range of plasma conditions which covers both LTE and NLTE regimes which is valuable information in order to optimize subsequent calculations. Finally, it is also performed an analysis of the differences of NLTE and LTE simulations on several relevant plasma parameters. With this purpose, a comparison is made between the results of the calculation using detailed NLTE modeling with simulations that use the same energy level structure, but atomic populations that are forced into LTE (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Capturing within catchment variation in evapotranspiration from montane forests using LiDAR canopy profiles with measured and modelled fluxes of water
Authors: Mitchell Patrick J. , Lane Patrick N. J. , Benyon Richard G.
Published: September 2011

Patterns in forest structure and function are tightly coupled to variation in energy and soil water gradients and disturbance history across the landscape. In eucalypt forests of southern Australia, changes in forest structure may account for the majority of variation in the evapotranspiration (Et) signal across a single forest type. In this study, the potential for using light detection and ranging (LiDAR)‐derived canopy height profiles to predict key components of Et; transpiration (Esap), interception loss (Ei) and forest floor evapotranspiration (Efloor) was assessed in a mixed‐species eucalypt forest in south‐eastern Australia. Step‐wise regression was used to select suitable LiDAR canopy height indices to predict stand structural attributes at all grid points within the catchment using field plot inventory data (r2 = 0.76–0.88). Similar rates of sap velocity were observed among trees at different landscape positions and during all seasons, irrespective of tree size and stature, enabling scaling of stand‐level Esap. The revised Gash interception model was successfully used to model Ei across the catchment using stand‐level variation in canopy cover (derived from LiDAR). Similarly, Efloor was quantified spatially using variation in leaf area index and a two‐bucket numeric model to interpolate field measurements. Our results show that variation in forest structure arising from changes in elevation in these south‐facing catchments is a major determinant of forest water use and shows a threefold change in annual Et across the elevation gradient. The merging of detailed forest structural data and field‐validated Et fluxes offers promise in advancing our understanding and prediction of key ecohydrologic processes in forested catchments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flow Injection Analysis of Ethambutol in Antituberculosis Drugs Using a Graphite‐Paraffin Electrode as Amperometric Detector
Authors: Bellei Perantoni Camila , Soares Carbogim Luís Gustavo , Silva Semaan Felipe , Camargo Matos Renato , Lowinsohn Denise
Published: September 2011

A graphite‐paraffin composite electrode has been used for the determination of ethambutol, an antituberculosis drug, in pharmaceutical samples by anodic oxidation. Voltammetric studies were used to characterise the electrochemical behaviour of the ethambutol in different pH solutions (3.0, 8.0 and 12.0). Quantification was carried out using amperometric detection. The detector was assembled in a flow injection apparatus and operated at +1.1 V (vs. Ag/AgCl(NaCl,sat)). The conditions for the best electrode’s response were determined by studying the influence of sample volume and flow rate. The linear response for the method was extended up to a 1.5 mmol L−1 ethambutol solution with a detection limit of 0.1 mmol L−1. The repeatability for successive injections of 1.0 mmol L−1 ethambutol solution was 0.9 % (n=26), demonstrating a good performance of the developed amperometric sensor. The analytical frequency was calculated as approximately 47 determinations h−1. Two different commercial samples were successfully analysed and the results were in good agreement with those obtained by using spectrophotometry. The advantages of the proposed amperometric method over the reference method include simplicity, low consumption of reagents and increased analytical frequency.
Studies of the Electrochemical Degradation of Acetaminophen Using a Real‐Time Biomimetic Sensor
Authors: Quintino de Oliveira Mariana Calora , Tanaka Auro Atsushi , de Vasconce los Lanza Marcos Roberto , Del PilarTaboada Sotomayor Maria
Published: September 2011

Real‐time monitoring of the electrochemical degradation of acetaminophen was performed using a biomimetic sensor coupled to a flow injection analysis (FIA) system. Degradation of the drug was carried out at constant current density (24 to 180 mA cm−2) in an electrolyte consisting of 0.1 mol L−1 K2SO4/5.0×10−4 mol L−1 FeSO4⋅7H2O. Two commercial DSA anodes (DSA‐Cl2 and DSA‐O2) were compared. The degradation process was monitored on‐line using an amperometric sensor based on the biomimetic catalyst iron(III) tetrapyridinoporphyrazine (FeTPyPz), coupled to the degradation cell. The optimized FIA detection system employed the electrolyte solution as carrier, a flow rate of 1.25 mL min−1 and an injected sample volume of 75 µL. The real‐time data obtained showed, as expected, that acetaminophen degradation followed pseudo‐first order kinetics, with the DSA‐Cl2 anode showing a higher efficiency according to the calculated apparent rate constant values. The advantage of the proposed on‐line system is that a larger number of points can be monitored in a shorter time compared to other off‐line methods, which improves the accuracy of estimates of electrochemical degradation constants.
Decentralized static output‐feedback H∞ controller design for buildings under seismic excitation
Authors: Rubió‐Massegú J. , Palacios‐Quiñonero F. , Rossell J. M.
Published: September 2011

In this work, we present a new method in designing static output‐feedback H∞ controllers suitable for vibrational control of buildings under seismic excitation. The method produces a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) formulation that allows obtaining static output‐feedback controllers with different information structure constraints by imposing a convenient zero–nonzero structure on the LMI variables. The application of the proposed methodology is illustrated by designing centralized and decentralized velocity‐feedback H∞ controllers to mitigate the seismic response of a five‐story building. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A passive location system for single frequency networks using digital terrestrial TV signals
Authors: Yan Jun , Wu Lenan
Published: September 2011

In this work, a passive location system for single frequency networks using digital terrestrial signals is proposed. A cross‐correlation method that requires a correlation with fixed frequency was introduced for time delay estimation. The idea is first online reconstruction and update of the transmitted copy of the nearest base station (BS), and then uses this signal copy for correlation with the received signal samples. A time delay extraction method combined with K‐mean clustering algorithm is developed. The minimum value of each cluster is extracted as the time delay of each BS. The BS identification can be modelled as a data association problem. A new gate that requires little statistical knowledge was utilised to solve time‐of‐arrival measurement uncertainty. Meanwhile, the data association strategy is also developed for successive data stream. Mobile station location is formulated as an optimisation problem and solved by a search processing. Simulations study was conducted to evaluate the system performance for different scenarios. The results demonstrate its robustness and high performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geoarchaeological evidence of a Chola‐period tsunami from an ancient port at Kaveripattinam on the southeastern coast of India
Authors: Rajendran C.P. , Rajendran Kusala , Srinivasalu S. , Andrade Vanessa , Aravazhi P. , Sanwal Jaishri
Published: September 2011

Literature of the ancient Chola Dynasty (A.D. 9th–11th centuries) of South India and recent archaeological excavations allude to a sea flood that crippled the ancient port at Kaveripattinam, a trading hub for Southeast Asia, and probably affected the entire South Indian coast, analogous to the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami impact. We present sedimentary evidence from an archaeological site to validate the textual references to this early medieval event. A sandy layer showing bed forms representing high‐energy conditions, possibly generated by a seaborne wave, was identified at the Kaveripattinam coast of Tamil Nadu, South India. Its sedimentary characteristics include hummocky cross‐stratification, convolute lamination with heavy minerals, rip‐up clasts, an erosional contact with the underlying mud bed, and a landward thinning geometry. Admixed with 1000‐year‐old Chola period artifacts, it provided an optically stimulated luminescence age of 1091 ± 66 yr and a thermoluminescence age of 993 ± 73 yr for the embedded pottery sherds. The dates of these proxies converge around 1000 yr B.P., correlative of an ancient tsunami reported from elsewhere along the Indian Ocean coasts. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preliminary study on the preservation of giant clam (Tridacnidae) shells from the Balobok Rockshelter archaeological site, south Philippines
Authors: Faylona Marie Grace Pamela G. , Lazareth Claire E. , Sémah Anne‐Marie , Caquineau Sandrine , Boucher Hugues , Ronquillo Wilfredo P.
Published: September 2011

Tridacnidae shells, a valuable archive of past environments, are common in the Balobok Rockshelter archaeological site on Sanga‐Sanga Island in the south Philippines. This site was occupied during the mid‐Holocene (ca. 5000–8800 14C yr B.P.), a period of Neolithic cultural expansion in the Philippines. This paper focuses on the preservation of two shell specimens, Hippopus hippopus and Tridacna maxima, unearthed from two mid‐Holocene layers within the rockshelter. The shells' mineralogy and microstructure (prismatic and crossed‐lamellar) were studied using micro‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy to determine if the samples were suitable as paleoenvironmental records. Both shells are still aragonitic but aragonite crystals of both microstructure types are partly dissolved. This dissolution, characteristic of meteoric water alteration, precludes their utility in paleoenvironmental geochemical studies. Nevertheless, these shells are abundant in archaeological sites in the region and may be better preserved in other depositional contexts; more studies on Philippine Tridacnidae shell diagenesis are needed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Implementation of renormalized excitonic method at ab initio level
Authors: Zhang Hongjiang , Malrieu Jean‐Paul , Ma Haibo , Ma Jing
Published: September 2011

The renormalized excitonic method [Hajj et al., Phys Rev B 2005, 72, 224412], in which the excited state of the whole system may be described as a linear combination of local excitations, has been implemented at ab initio level. Its performance is tested on the ionization potential and the energy gap between singlet ground state and lowest triplet for linear molecular hydrogen chains and more realistic systems, such as polyenes and polysilenes, using full configuration interaction (FCI) wave functions with a minimal basis set. The influence of different block sizes and the extent of interblock interactions are investigated. It has been demonstrated that satisfactory results can be obtained if the near degeneracies between the model space and the outer space are avoided and if interactions between the next‐nearest neighbor blocks are considered. The method can be used with larger basis sets and other accurate enough ab initio evaluations (instead of FCI) of local excited states, from blocks, or from dimers or trimers of blocks. It provides a new possibility to accurately and economically describe the low‐lying delocalized excited states of large systems, even inhomogeneous ones. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Factor XIIIA transglutaminase expression and secretion by osteoblasts is regulated by extracellular matrix collagen and the MAP kinase signaling pathway
Authors: Piercy‐Kotb Sarah A. , Mousa Aisha , Al‐Jallad Hadil F. , Myneni Vamsee D. , Chicatun Florencia , Nazhat Showan N. , Kaartinen Mari T.
Published: September 2011

Osteoblast differentiation is regulated by the presence of collagen type I (COL I) extracellular matrix (ECM). We have recently demonstrated that Factor XIIIA (FXIIIA) transglutaminase (TG) is required by osteoblasts for COL I secretion and extracellular deposition, and thus also for osteoblast differentiation. In this study we have further investigated the link between COL I and FXIIIA, and demonstrate that COL I matrix increases FXIIIA levels in osteoblast cultures and that FXIIIA is found as cellular (cFXIIIA) and extacellular matrix (ecmFXIIIA) forms. FXIIIA mRNA, protein expression, cellular localization and secretion were enhanced by ascorbic acid (AA) treatment and blocked by dihydroxyproline (DHP) which inhibits COL I externalization. FXIIIA mRNA was regulated by the MAP kinase pathway. Secretion of ecmFXIIIA, and its enzymatic activity in conditioned medium, were also decreased in osteoblasts treated with the lysyl oxidase inhibitor β‐aminopropionitrile, which resulted in a loosely packed COL I matrix. Osteoblasts secrete a latent, inactive dimeric ecmFXIIIA form which is activated upon binding to the matrix. Monodansyl cadaverine labeling of TG substrates in the cultures revealed that incorporation of the label occurred at sites where fibronectin co‐localized with COL I, indicating that ecmFXIIIA secretion could function to stabilize newly deposited matrix. Our results suggest that FXIIIA is an integral part of the COL I deposition machinery, and also that it is part of the ECM‐feedback loop, both of which regulate matrix deposition and osteoblast differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2936–2946, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gefitinib resistance in HCC mahlavu cells: Upregulation of CD133 expression, activation of IGF‐1R signaling pathway, and enhancement of IGF‐1R nuclear translocation
Authors: Bodzin Adam S. , Wei Zhengyu , Hurtt Reginald , Gu Tina , Doria Cataldo
Published: September 2011

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major form of primary liver cancer which accounts for more than half million deaths annually worldwide. While the incidence of HCC is still on the rise, options of treatment are limited and the overall survival rate is poor. The acquisition of cancer drug resistance remains one of the key hurdles to successful treatment. Clearly, a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms is needed for new strategies to design novel treatments and/or to improve the current therapies. In the present study, we examined the expression of cancer stem cell (CSC) marker CD133, the activation of insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF‐1R) signaling, and the nuclear translocation of IGF‐1R in HCC Mahlavu cells under the treatment of gefitinib, a cancer drug that inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway. Our results demonstrated that Mahlavu cells exhibited strong gefitinib resistance and the CD133 expression level was dramatically increased (from 3.88% to 32%) after drug treatment. In addition, the gefitinib treated cells displayed increased levels of phosphorylation in IGF‐1R and Akt, indicating the intensified activation of this cancer‐associated signaling pathway. Moreover, we revealed that IGF‐1R underwent nuclear translocation in gefitinib treated cells using confocal microscopy. The IGF‐1R nuclear translocation was enhanced under gefitinib treatment and appeared in a dose‐dependent manner. Our findings suggest that increased IGF‐1R nuclear translocation after gefitinib treatment may contribute to the drug resistance and IGF1‐R activation, which might also associate with the upregulation of CD133 expression. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2947–2952, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Early endosomal rerouting of major histocompatibility class I conformers
Authors: Zagorac Gordana Blagojević , Mahmutefendić Hana , Tomaš Maja Ilić , Kučić Natalia , Le Bouteiller Philippe , Lučin Pero
Published: September 2011

Major histocompatibility class I (MHC‐I) molecules are present at the cell surface both as fully conformed trimolecular complexes composed of heavy chain (HC), beta‐2‐microglobulin (β2m) and peptide, and various open forms, devoid of peptide and/or β2m (open MHC‐I conformers). Fully conformed MHC‐I complexes and open MHC‐I conformers can be distinguished by well characterized monoclonal antibody reagents that recognize their conformational difference in the extracellular domain. In the present study, we used these tools in order to test whether conformational difference in the extracellular domain determines endocytic and endosomal route of plasma membrane (PM) proteins. We analyzed PM localization, internalization, endosomal trafficking, and recycling of human and murine MHC‐I proteins on various cell lines. We have shown that fully conformed MHC‐I and open MHC‐I conformers segregate at the PM and during endosomal trafficking resulting in the exclusion of open MHC‐I conformers from the recycling route. This segregation is associated with their partitioning into the membranes of different compositions. As a result, the open MHC‐I conformers internalized with higher rate than fully conformed counterparts. Thus, our data suggest the existence of conformation‐based protein sorting mechanism in the endosomal system. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2953–2964, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Endothelin‐1 promotes MMP‐13 production and migration in human chondrosarcoma cells through FAK/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways
Authors: Wu Min Huan , Lo Jeng‐Fan , Kuo Chia‐Hua , Lin James A. , Lin Yueh‐Min , Chen Li‐Mien , Tsai Fuu‐Jen , Tsai Chang‐Hai , Huang Chih‐Yang , Tang Chih‐Hsin
Published: September 2011

Tumor malignancy is associated with several cellular properties including proliferation and ability to metastasize. Endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) the most potent vasoconstrictor plays a crucial role in migration and metastasis of human cancer cells. We found that treatment of human chondrosarcoma (JJ012 cells) with ET‐1 increased migration and expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐13. ET‐1‐mediated cell migration and MMP‐13 expression were reduced by pretreatment with inhibitors of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K), Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), as well as the NF‐κB inhibitor and the IκB protease inhibitor. In addition, ET‐1 treatment induced phosphorylation of FAK, PI3K, AKT, and mTOR, and resulted in increased NF‐κB‐luciferase activity that was inhibited by a specific inhibitor of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, and NF‐κB cascades. Taken together, these results suggest that ET‐1 activated FAK/PI3K/AKT/mTOR, which in turn activated IKKα/β and NF‐κB, resulting in increased MMP‐13 expression and migration in human chondrosarcoma cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3016–3026, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A reproducible method for damage‐free site‐specific preparation of atom probe tips from interfaces
Authors: Felfer Peter Johann , Alam Talukder , Ringer Simon Peter , Cairney Julie Marie
Published: September 2011

Atom probe tomography (APT) is a mass spectrometry method with atomic‐scale spatial resolution that can be used for the investigation of a wide range of materials. The main limiting factor with respect to the type of problems that can be addressed is the small volume investigated and the randomness of common sample preparation methods. With existing site‐specific specimen preparation methods it is still challenging to rapidly and reproducibly produce large numbers of successful samples from specifically selected grain boundaries or interfaces for systematic studies. A new method utilizing both focused ion beam (FIB) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is presented that can be used to reproducibly produce damage‐free atom probe samples with features of interest at any desired orientation with an accuracy of better than 50 nm from samples that require very little prior preparation. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reproducibility of functional MRI localization within the human somatosensory cortex
Authors: Vidyasagar Rishma , Parkes Laura M.
Published: September 2011

Purpose:

To evaluate the effect of fMRI localization approaches and region size on the reproducibility of digit localization in the human somatosensory cortex.

Materials and Methods:

Vibrotactile stimulation was applied to digits 2 and 4 producing cortical activation sites relating to each digit. Thirteen subjects were scanned twice on separate occasions in a 3 Tesla scanner using a voxel size of 2 mm. Regions of activity were thresholded to different sizes varying from 50 to 1000 voxels. Three measures of position were acquired from these regions: center of gravity (COG), center co‐ordinate and peak voxel. To account for registration errors, Euclidean distance between the two digits was computed. Reproducibility was determined in terms of the 95% confidence interval for individual position in X, Y, and Z and also the distance between the two digit locations.

Results:

Region size of 200 most significant voxels was shown to have the best reproducibility. Center co‐ordinate proved to be the most precise form of localizing activity with a 95% CI of 2.1 mm, 2.6 mm, and 3.1 mm in the X, Y, and Z axes. Euclidean distance between the center co‐ordinates of the two digit activation sites was shown to be a reliable means of overcoming registration errors with a 95% CI of 1.7 mm.

Conclusion:

This study shows a high level of reproducibility for fMRI localization in the somatosensory system. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gadoxetic acid disodium‐enhanced hepatocyte phase MRI: Can increasing the flip angle improve focal liver lesion detection?
Authors: Haradome Hiroki , Grazioli Luigi , Al manea Khalid , Tsunoo Mika , Motosugi Utaroh , Kwee Thomas C. , Takaraha Taro
Published: September 2011

Purpose:

To determine whether hepatocyte phase gadoxetic acid disodium (EOB)‐enhanced MRI using a high flip angle (FA) improves focal liver lesion (FLL) detection compared with using a standard low FA.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty‐two consecutive patients with 159 FLLs underwent EOB‐enhanced MRI during the hepatocyte phase at 5, 10, 15, and 20 min, with both low (10°) and high (30°) FAs. Two blinded radiologists independently and randomly reviewed the two image sets using a four‐point rating scale. Sensitivities and specificities were calculated and lesion‐to‐liver contrast ratio (LLC) on all hepatocyte phase images was measured.

Results:

The sensitivities with high FA for small (≤10 mm) malignant FLLs were significantly higher than those with low FA, at all time points, for both readers (P ≤ 0.05). Meanwhile, the specificities of the two protocols for the detection of all FLLs at all time points during the hepatocyte phase were high and same (98.2%) for both readers, without any significant differences (P = 1.00). LLCs with high FA were significantly higher than those with low FA at all time points (P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion:

Hepatocyte phase EOB‐enhanced MRI with increasing FA can significantly increase LLC and improve the detection of FLLs, particularly small malignant lesions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:132‐139. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Arterial flow characteristics in the presence of vascular disease and implications for fast spin echo‐based noncontrast MR angiography
Authors: Storey Pippa , Lim Ruth P. , Kim Sooah , Stoffel David R. , Lee Vivian S.
Published: September 2011

Purpose:

To investigate arterial flow characteristics in the setting of vascular disease, and examine their effect on the performance of fast spin‐echo (FSE)‐based noncontrast MR angiography (NC‐MRA).

Materials and Methods:

Seventeen patients were recruited from among those scheduled for routine contrast‐enhanced MR angiography (CE‐MRA) of the lower extremities at 1.5 Tesla. The research portion of the exam was performed before the clinically‐indicated protocol and included phase‐contrast imaging at multiple levels in the legs and FSE‐based NC‐MRA in the calf and thigh, using a three‐dimensional ECG‐gated technique that exploits differences in arterial flow velocity between diastole and systole.

Results:

Vascular occlusions were associated with reduced systolic velocity, a delayed systolic peak, and, in two middle‐aged patients, an increase in diastolic velocity. Elevated systolic and diastolic velocities were observed in a subject with a nonhealing ulcer. NC‐MRA allowed visualization of arteries with systolic velocities as low as 3 cm/s, and exhibited comparable depiction to CE‐MRA for diastolic velocities as high as 6 cm/s. At the highest diastolic velocities observed (15 cm/s) arterial depiction was severely degraded.

Conclusion:

FSE‐based NC‐MRA as presently implemented performs successfully over a wide range of flow patterns, but does not accommodate extremely low systolic velocities or very high diastolic velocities. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The influence of large‐scale atmospheric circulation weather types on variations in the water level of Lake Urmia, Iran
Authors: Jalili Sheida , Kirchner Ingo , Livingstone David M. , Morid Saeid
Published: September 2011

Lake Urmia, a large, hypersaline lake in north‐western Iran, experiences large fluctuations in water level, and hence also surface area. At present, the water level is falling and the surface area contracting alarmingly. One important determinant of the water level of the lake is shown to be large‐scale atmospheric circulation, expressed in terms of objective circulation weather types (CWTs), acting on the lake via regional precipitation and air temperature (as a proxy for evaporation). Seasonal changes in lake level, along with seasonal gridded precipitation and air temperature data, are shown to be strongly related to the frequency of occurrence of different CWTs. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Preparation of Nanosilica/Polynorbornene Nanocomposite by Covalently Immobilized Silica‐Supported Acetylacetonate Palladium(II) Dichloride Catalyst
Authors: Yuan Bin , He Xiaohui , Chen Yiwang , Wang Kaiti
Published: September 2011

Covalently immobilized silica‐supported acetylacetonate dichloride palladium(II) precatalyst is prepared by the reaction of silica particles grafted acetylacetonate ligand further exchange with [Et4N]2PdCl4. The silica‐supported catalyst is used in slurry polymerizations of norbornene (NB) to afford a highly productive NB addition polymerization system in combination with B(C6F5)3 cocatalyst. It exhibits productivity of 84 kg of PNB (mol Pd)−1 h−1 at the initial activity, and the catalyst deactivation kinetics in the early stage of polymerization are fitted well by the first‐order deactivation kinetics. The obtained vinyl‐type polynorbornene is confirmed to be nanosilica hybrid PNB nanocomposite by SEM, TEM with an energy dispersive spectrometer, TGA, and XRD.
Metabolomic analysis reveals differences in urinary excretion of kiwifruit‐derived metabolites in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Lin Hui‐Ming , Edmunds Shelley J. , Zhu Shuotun , Helsby Nuala A. , Ferguson Lynnette R. , Rowan Daryl D.
Published: September 2011

The interleukin‐10‐deficient (IL‐10−/−) mouse, a model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), develops intestinal inflammation unless raised in germ‐free conditions. The metabolic effects of consuming extracts from the fruits of yellow (Actinidia chinensis) or green‐fleshed (A. deliciosa) kiwifruit that displayed in vitro anti‐inflammatory activity were investigated in IL‐10−/− mice by metabolomic analysis of urine samples. Kiwifruit‐derived metabolites were detected at significantly higher levels in urine of IL‐10−/− mice relative to those of wild‐type mice, indicating that the metabolism of these metabolites was affected by IL‐10−/−‐wild‐type genotypic differences. Urinary metabolites previously associated with inflammation were not altered by the kiwifruit extracts. This study demonstrates the use of metabolomic analysis to study dietary effects and the influence of genotype on food metabolism, which may have implications on the development of functional foods for the treatment of IBD.
Bilberries and their anthocyanins ameliorate experimental colitis
Authors: Piberger Heidi , Oehme Anett , Hofmann Claudia , Dreiseitel Andrea , Sand Philipp G. , Obermeier Florian , Schoelmerich Juergen , Schreier Peter , Krammer Gerhard , Rogler Gerhard
Published: September 2011

Bilberries have positive effects in acute and chronic diarrhea. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) report on improved symptoms upon ingestion. Bilberries contain approximately 10% of anthocyanins (ACs), which have anti‐oxidative, anti‐carcinogenic, and anti‐inflammatory properties. We investigated whether experimental colitis can be ameliorated by dried bilberries or ACs. Acute and chronic dextrane sodium sulphate (DSS) colitis were induced in Balb/c mice by 2.5% DSS in the drinking water. Mice were fed with dried bilberries or ACs, respectively. Cytokines were determined in supernatants from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) by ELISA and apoptosis was investigated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin‐dUTP nick end labeling assays. Oral administration of bilberries during acute DSS‐induced colitis ameliorated disease severity and reduced secretion of IFN‐γ and tumor necrosis factor from mesenteric lymph node cells. Dried bilberries also improved chronic DSS‐colitis. Ingestion of ACs reduced intestinal inflammation in acute and chronic DSS‐colitis with decreased histological scores and cytokine secretion. Both bilberries and ACs prevented inflammation‐induced apoptosis in colonic epithelial cells. Taken together, ingestion of dried bilberries had positive effects on various parameters especially in acute DSS‐colitis. Oral administration of ACs resulted in an amelioration of acute colitis as well as chronic colitis. These promising results justify a clinical study on their therapeutic effect in inflammatory bowel disease patients.
Extended FEM modeling of crack paths near inclusions
Authors: Nielsen C. V. , Legarth B. N. , Niordson C. F.
Published: September 2011

The extended FEM is applied to model crack growth near inclusions. A procedure to handle different propagation rates at different crack tips is presented. The examples considered investigate uniform tension as well as equibiaxial tension under plane strain conditions. A parameter study analyzes the effects on the crack path when changing the relative stiffness between inclusion and matrix material, the relative distance between initial crack and inclusion, and the size of the inclusion. Both edge cracks and internal cracks are studied. An example with an internal crack near an inclusion is presented, where both crack tips propagate at different growth rates until one crack tip eventually stops growing, as the related energy release rate drops below the critical value. In another example, only one crack tip propagates initially, but eventually, the energy release rate of the second crack tip becomes critical, and both crack tips propagate. Finally, an example of two cracks near an inclusion is presented in which up to four crack tips propagate simultaneously. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The biphasic nature of hypoxia‐induced directional migration of activated human hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Novo Erica , Povero Davide , Busletta Chiara , Paternostro Claudia , di Bonzo Lorenzo Valfrè , Cannito Stefania , Compagnone Alessandra , Bandino Andrea , Marra Fabio , Colombatto Sebastiano , David Ezio , Pinzani Massimo , Parola Maurizio
Published: September 2011

Liver fibrogenesis is sustained by pro‐fibrogenic myofibroblast‐like cells (MFs), mainly originating from activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC/MFs) or portal (myo)fibroblasts, and is favoured by hypoxia‐dependent angiogenesis. Human HSC/MFs were reported to express vascular‐endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐receptor type 2 and to migrate under hypoxic conditions. This study was designed to investigate early and delayed signalling mechanisms involved in hypoxia‐induced migration of human HSC/MFs. Signal transduction pathways and intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated by integrating morphological, cell, and molecular biology techniques. Non‐oriented and oriented migration were evaluated by using wound healing assay and the modified Boyden's chamber assay, respectively. The data indicate that hypoxia‐induced migration of HSC/MFs is a biphasic process characterized by the following sequence of events: (a) an early (15 min) and mitochondria‐related increased generation of intracellular ROS which (b) was sufficient to switch on activation of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 that were responsible for the early phase of oriented migration; (c) a delayed and HIF‐1α‐dependent increase in VEGF expression (facilitated by ROS) and its progressive, time‐dependent release in the extracellular medium that (d) was mainly responsible for sustained migration of HSC/MFs. Finally, immunohistochemistry performed on HCV‐related fibrotic/cirrhotic livers revealed HIF‐2α and haem‐oxygenase‐1 positivity in hepatocytes and α‐SMA‐positive MFs, indicating that MFs were likely to be exposed in vivo to both hypoxia and oxidative stress. In conclusion, hypoxia‐induced migration of HSC/MFs involves an early, mitochondrial‐dependent ROS‐mediated activation of ERK and JNK, followed by a delayed‐ and HIF‐1α‐dependent up‐regulation and release of VEGF. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.