bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of 5‐(6‐Substituted phenyl‐2H‐chromen‐3‐yl) Oxazole Derivatives.
Authors: Sadanandam Palle , Sathaiah Nomula , Jyothi Vantikommu , Chari Murugalla A. , Shobha Donthabakthuni , Das Parthasarathi , Mukkanti Khagga
Published: March 2013

A three step path is developed to prepare the target compounds, including a cyclization to construct the chromene fragment [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: A Coumarin—Meldrum′s Acid Conjugate Based Chemodosimetric Probe for Cyanide.
Authors: Li Hongda , Wen Zhi , Jin Longyi , Kan Yuhe , Yin Bingzhu
Published: March 2013

The probe (I) is highly reactive and selective to NaCN, with a fast response in aqueous solution.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Quinolines by Iron‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Liu Peng , Li Yuxi , Wang Haiyu , Wang Zhiming , Hu Xianming
Published: March 2013

A simple oxidative coupling of anilines with various aromatic terminal alkynes under conditions A) produces a broad spectrum of functionalized quinoline structures.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of Dicycloalkenopyridines at Ambient Temperature Conditions.
Authors: Goswami Santosh V. , Thorat Prashant B. , Bhusare Sudhakar R.
Published: March 2013

Title compounds of type (III) are of interest as drug skeletons or chelating ligands in coordination chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling/Cyclization of Isoquinolones with Alkynes Through C—H/N—H Activation: Mechanism Study and Synthesis of Dibenzo[a,g]quinolizin‐8‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Li Bin , Feng Huiliang , Wang Nuancheng , Ma Jianfeng , Song Haibin , Xu Shansheng , Wang Baiquan
Published: March 2013

The mechanism of the title reaction is investigated by isolation of all relevant intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Method of Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydrofuro[3,2‐h]quinolines.
Authors: Osyanin V. A. , Osipov D. V. , Klimochkin Yu. N.
Published: March 2013

via reaction of γ‐hydroxyquinoline derivatives (I) with in situ generated pyridinium ylides
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines Catalyzed by Magnetic Nano‐Fe3O4—KHSO4·SiO2.
Authors: Guntreddi Tirumaleswararao , Allam Bharat Kumar , Singh Krishna Nand
Published: March 2013

A facile and straightforward synthesis of imidazopyridines (IV) and (VI) is achieved by employing the title system‐catalyzed three‐component reaction of aminopyridine (I), aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes (II) and (V), and aliphatic and aromatic alkynes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective and Catalytic Access to β‐Enaminones: An Entry to Pyrimidines.
Authors: Gayon Eric , Szymczyk Monika , Gerard Helene , Vrancken Emmanuel , Campagne Jean‐Marc
Published: March 2013

Treatment of α‐arylated propargylic hydroxylamines with catalytic amounts of NaOH results in convenient and stereoselective formation of (Z)‐β‐enaminones.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Thioxo‐dihydropyrimidines and Polyfunctionalized Pyran Derivatives as Mimics of Novel Calcium Channel Modulators.
Authors: Yadlapalli Rama Krishna , Chourasia O. P. , Perali Ramu Sridhar
Published: March 2013

The condensation of dione (III) with aromatic aldehydes and either thiourea or malononitrile affords the heterocyclic title systems.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Colorimetric and Fluorescent pH Sensor Derived from Iminocoumarin and Thiophene‐Carboxaldehyde.
Authors: Li Hongqi , Guo Jian , Zhang Xuebin , Chen Zhen
Published: March 2013

The sensor can be used in the presence of common metal cations and anions without interference.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Identification of Novel Indolo[2,3‐a]pyrimido[5,4‐c]carbazoles as a New Class of Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Pierce Larry T. , Cahill Michael M. , Winfield Hannah J. , McCarthy Florence O.
Published: March 2013

An optimized photocyclization step leads to the novel azaindolo[2,3‐a]pyrimido[5,4‐c]carbazole (VIb) representing a new class of potential anticancer agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Condensation Reactions of 2‐Aminobenzohydrazide with Various Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: El‐Shaieb Kamal M. , Ameen Mohamed A. , Abdel‐Latif Fathy F. , Mohamed Asmaa H.
Published: March 2013

Condensation of benzohydrazide (I) with dimedone (II) proceeds in the presence of catalytic amounts of iodine providing spiro‐quinazoline (III) whereas, phthalazino‐quinazoline (V) is obtained by simple reaction with (IV) in glacial acetic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expedient Synthesis of 5‐Substituted Imidazo[1,2‐c]quinazolines.
Authors: Korshin Edward E. , Sabirova Leila A. , Levin Yakov A.
Published: March 2013

A practical synthesis of the title system (V), which includes 2 biologically important heterocyclic moieties, is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Transformation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones into γ‐Amino Alcohols or 1,3‐Oxazines via a 4 or 5 Step, One‐Pot Sequence.
Authors: Calow Adam D. J. , Batsanov Andrei S. , Fernandez Elena , Sole Cristina , Whiting Andrew
Published: March 2013

A four‐step procedure is elaborated for the preparation of γ‐amino alcohols from α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds by imine formation, β‐boration, imine reduction, and oxidation of boronic ester.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Substituted Pyridopyrazolotriazines
Authors: Metwally M. A. , Abdel‐Galil E. , Metwally A. , Amer F. A.
Published: March 2013

based on reactions of pyrazolopyridinyldiazonium chlorides (I) with a variety of active methylene compounds
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel and Convenient Method for the Synthesis of New Derivatives of Pyrido[3,2‐e]pyrrolo[1,2‐a][1,4]diazepine‐6,11‐dione.
Authors: El Bouakher Abderrahman , Prie Gildas , Aadil Mina , Lazar Said , Akssira Mohamed , Viaud‐Massuard Marie‐Claude
Published: March 2013

A novel and efficient access to new optically active 2‐substituted pyridopyrrolodiazepine derivatives is developed involving peptide coupling of 3‐aminopyridinecarboxylic acid (I) with proline ester [→(III)] and intramolecular cyclization of corresponding brominated coupling product (IV) as the key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Medium Ring Size Bromolactonization Using a Sulfur‐Based Zwitterionic Organocatalyst.
Authors: Cheng Yi An , Chen Tao , Tan Chong Kiat , Heng Jun Jie , Yeung Ying‐Yeung
Published: March 2013

The first organocatalytic halolactonization of unsaturated carboxylic acids using a zwitterion as catalyst is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 2‐Pyridylselenenyl Bromide with Divinyl Selenide.
Authors: Potapov V. A. , Malinovich D. A. , Amosova S. V. , Rusakov Yu. Yu. , Bhasin K. K.
Published: March 2013

First time, in situ generated pyridylselenenyl bromide reacts with divinyl selenide to give vinylselanylselenazolopyridinium bromide (III) in a two‐step one‐pot procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Zirconium‐Mediated Multicomponent Reactions of Conjugated 1,3‐Butadiynes and Monoynes with Acyl Cyanide Derivatives.
Authors: Yu Shasha , You Xu , Liu Yuanhong
Published: March 2013

This method yields functionalized heterozirconacycles which can be protonolyzed to give 1,4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐ones and oxazolo[5,4‐b]pyridine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Anti‐HIV Activity of Semisynthetic Derivatives of Andrographolide and Computational Study of HIV‐1 gp120 Protein Binding.
Authors: Uttekar Mayur M. , Das Tiyasa , Pawar Rohan S. , Bhandari Beena , Menon Vidya , Nutan Nutan , Gupta Satish K. , Bhat Sujata V.
Published: March 2013

Several andrographolide derivatives (I) and (II) are synthesized and evaluated for their anti‐HIV activity in a cell‐free virus infectivity assay.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of New Phenytoin Derivatives and Their Acyclic Nucleoside Analogues.
Authors: Ali O. M. , Amer H. H. , Mosaad A. A. , Abdel‐Rahman A. A.‐H.
Published: March 2013

Most of the newly synthesized compounds exhibit moderate to high antimicrobial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: De novo Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Sialic Acid.
Authors: Stallforth Pierre , Matthies Stefan , Adibekian Alexander , Gillingham Dennis G. , Hilvert Donald , Seeberger Peter H.
Published: March 2013

The MPS‐catalyzed pyruvate addition is characterized by high diastereoselectivity and mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical and Scalable Synthesis of (Z)‐9‐Tricosene, the Housefly Sex Pheromone.
Authors: Kim Miri , Pitchaiah Arigala , Park No‐Joong , Hwang In Taek , Lee Kee‐In
Published: March 2013

The applied strategy can be regarded as green chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: RbjMk[Fe(CN)6]l (M: Co, Ni) Prussian Blue Analogue Hollow Nanocubes: A New Example of a Multilevel Pore System.
Authors: Risset Olivia N. , Knowles Elisabeth S. , Ma Shengqian , Meisel Mark W. , Talham Daniel R.
Published: March 2013

Uniform Rb0.4M4 [Fe(CN)6]2.8·7.2H2O (M: Co, Ni) hollow nanoparticles are prepared by dissolving Rb1.6Mn4[Fe(CN)6]3.2 ·4.8H2O@Rb0.4M4 [Fe(CN)6]2.8·7.2H2 O core@shell heterostructures in water (45 °C, 45 min, 80 and 78% yield for the Co and Ni compounds, respectively).
ChemInform Abstract: Enhancing the Catalytic and Electrocatalytic Properties of Pt‐Based Catalysts by Forming Bimetallic Nanocrystals with Pd
Authors: Zhang Hui , Jin Mingshang , Xia Younan
Published: March 2013

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments and Applications of Electron Microscopy to Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Yang Judith C. , Small Matthew W. , Grieshaber Ross V. , Nuzzo Ralph G.
Published: March 2013

Review: 183 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Unconventional Promoters of Catalytic Activity in Electrocatalysis
Authors: Tong YuYue J.
Published: March 2013

Review: 86 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Clusters of Actinides with Oxide, Peroxide, or Hydroxide Bridges
Authors: Qiu Jie , Burns Peter C.
Published: March 2013

Review: 153 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Gabosines.
Authors: Mac Dinh Hung , Chandrasekhar Srivari , Gree Rene
Published: March 2013

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Furfuryl Aryl(alkyl) Ketones: Preparation and Synthetic Potential
Authors: Serdyuk O. V. , Chalikidi P. N. , Butin A. V.
Published: March 2013

Review: data from 1985 to 2011; 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Applications of Organocatalysts in Asymmetric Aldol Reactions
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Asadi Shima
Published: March 2013

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biocatalysis: Key to Selective Oxidations
Authors: Schulz Sebastian , Girhard Marco , Urlacher Vlada B.
Published: March 2013

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Current Status and Future Developments of Endohedral Metallofullerenes
Authors: Lu Xing , Feng Lai , Akasaka Takeshi , Nagase Shigeru
Published: March 2013

Review: 381 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Artificial Enzymes Based on Supramolecular Scaffolds
Authors: Dong Zeyuan , Luo Quan , Liu Junqiu
Published: March 2013

Review: 277 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Reactions of a Series of Aromatic Azines with Nucleophiles
Authors: Egorov Ilya N. , Tseitler Tatyana A. , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Rusinov Vladimir L. , Chupakhin Oleg N.
Published: March 2013

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Synthesis of Optically Active β‐Amino Acid Derivatives
Authors: Bhadury Pinaki S. , Yang Song , Song Bao‐An
Published: March 2013

Review: 140 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Neoproteoglycans Using the Transglycosylation Reaction as a Reverse Reaction of endo‐Glycosidases
Authors: Endo Masahiko , Kakizaki Ikuko
Published: March 2013

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rise of the Zinc Age in Homogeneous Catalysis?
Authors: Enthaler Stephan
Published: March 2013

Review: 118 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes: From Early and Strategic Development Through to Materials Application
Authors: Markovic Elda , Constantopolous Kristina , Matisons Janis G.
Published: March 2013

Review: 205 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β‐Lactams Through Alkyne—Nitrone Cycloadditions
Authors: Mandal Bablee , Basu Basudeb
Published: March 2013

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Lactams from Fischer Carbene Complexes: Scope, Limitations, and Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Fernandez Israel , Sierra Miguel A.
Published: March 2013

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Chirality as Probed by Neutron Scattering
Authors: Simonet V. , Loire M. , Ballou R.
Published: March 2013

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Control of Molecular Arrangement and/or Orientation of D—π—A Fluorescent Dyes for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Ooyama Yousuke , Ohshita Joji , Harima Yutaka
Published: March 2013

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Overview on Solubility Enhancement Techniques for Poorly Soluble Drugs and Solid Dispersion as an Eminent Strategic Approach
Authors: Jatwani Sandhiya , Rana Avtar Chand , Singh Gurpreet , Aggarwal Geeta
Published: March 2013

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamic Kinetic Resolution via Hydrolase‐Metal Combo Catalysis in Stereoselective Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Hoyos Pilar , Pace Vittorio , Alcantara Andres R.
Published: March 2013

Review: 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Physical and Materials Applications of Pincer Complexes
Authors: Hawk Jennifer L. , Craig Stephen L.
Published: March 2013

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis without Metals
Authors: Akiyama Takahiko
Published: March 2013

Review: 174 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Emergence of Transition‐Metal‐Mediated Hydrothiolation of Unsaturated Carbon—Carbon Bonds: A Mechanistic Outlook
Authors: Castarlenas Ricardo , Di Giuseppe Andrea , Perez‐Torrente Jesus J. , Oro Luis A.
Published: March 2013

Review: ca. 100 refs.
Numerical study of counter‐current gas–solid flow in FCC disengager and stripper
Authors: Jia Dening , Zhao Hui , Berrouk Abdallah S. , Yang Chaohe , Shan Honghong
Published: March 2013

Detailed study of the gas–solid flow in FCC reactor was performed using Euler–Euler two‐fluid model. Two distinct regions were identified in the reactor vessel based on differences in catalyst void fraction and fluid flow: the dilute phase congested disengager region and dense phase congested stripper region. Velocity profile revealed an inert yet random flow pattern in the disengager and a counter‐current type of flow with a pronounced radial unevenness in the stripper. Residence time distribution proved that a small portion of oil vapour could linger over 5 min before exiting despite that the apparatus may have a significantly shorter average residence time.
The Comparison in Reduction of QT Dispersion After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention According to Existence of Thrombectomy in ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Alici Gokhan , Sahin Muslum , Ozkan Birol , Acar Goksel , Acar Rezzan Deniz , Yazicioglu Mehmet Vefik , Bulut Mustafa , Esen Ali Metin
Published: March 2013

Background

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is the standard treatment in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Thrombectomy devices are used to remove thrombus or to prevent embolization of thrombus and plaque during PPCI. QT dispersion (the difference between maximal and minimal QT interval calculated on a standard 12‐lead electrocardiogram) represents the regional nonuniformity of ventricular repolarization. It may reflect early coronary reperfusion in reducing electrophysiological instability by decreasing QT dispersion in the recovery phase after acute STEMI.

Hypothesis

Our aim was to show whether an additional effect of thrombectomy on reducing QT dispersion will be seen in patients undergoing PPCI for STEMI.

Methods

The study population included 80 consecutive patients who were admitted to the hospital within 12 hours after the onset of acute STEMI and angiographic evidence of intraluminal thrombus in the infarct‐related artery. Patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter, intraventricular conduction abnormalities, pre‐excitation, cardiogenic shock, cardiomyopathy, ventricular hypertrophy, and severe valvular heart disease were excluded from the study.

Results

There were no significant differences between groups regarding gender, age, cardiovascular risk factors, and time from symptom onset to treatment, except for smoking, which was much higher in the PPCI plus thrombectomy group. Infarct‐related artery distribution (left anterior descending artery [LAD] to non‐LAD), and neither the rate of balloon predilatation nor stent implantation were different between groups. Successful coronary patency was achieved in each case. QT interval measurements were similar between groups at admission. However, at 24 hours, QT and QTc dispersions were less in the PPCI plus thrombectomy group (41 ± 9 vs 33 ± 7 ms, P < 0.05 and 45 ± 8 vs 35 ± 7 ms, P = 0.03, respectively), but not in the other QT interval measurements. When patients were divided into 2 groups according to infarct‐related artery (LAD and non‐LAD groups), QT interval measurement parameters did not show any significant differences.

Conclusions

Thrombectomy additional to PPCI helps more effective reperfusion at the microvascular level and provides additional prognostic information.
2‐Aminothiazoles with Improved Pharmacotherapeutic Properties for Treatment of Prion Disease
Authors: Li Zhe , Silber B. Michael , Rao Satish , Gever Joel R. , Bryant Clifford , Gallardo‐Godoy Alejandra , Dolghih Elena , Widjaja Kartika , Elepano Manuel , Jacobson Matthew P. , Prusiner Stanley B. , Renslo Adam R.
Published: March 2013

Recently, we described the aminothiazole lead (4‐biphenyl‐4‐ylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐(6‐methylpyridin‐2‐yl)‐amine (1), which exhibits many desirable properties, including excellent stability in liver microsomes, oral bioavailability of ∼40 %, and high exposure in the brains of mice. Despite its good pharmacokinetic properties, compound 1 exhibited only modest potency in mouse neuroblastoma cells overexpressing the disease‐causing prion protein PrPSc. Accordingly, we sought to identify analogues of 1 with improved antiprion potency in ScN2a‐cl3 cells while retaining similar or superior properties. Herein we report the discovery of improved lead compounds such as (6‐methylpyridin‐2‐yl)‐[4‐(4‐pyridin‐3‐yl‐phenyl)thiazol‐2‐yl]amine and cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (4‐biphenylthiazol‐2‐yl)amide, which exhibit brain exposure/EC50 ratios at least tenfold greater than that of compound 1.
Incidence and relative survival of chordomas
Authors: Smoll Nicolas R. , Gautschi Oliver P. , Radovanovic Ivan , Schaller Karl , Weber Damien C.
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUND

Chordomas are rare bone tumors arising from remnants of the embryonic notochord.

METHODS

Data for this study were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute (1973‐2009) to calculate the incidence, relative survival (RS), and standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of patients diagnosed with intracranial and extracranial chordomas and to assess the effects of age and sex on this disease.

RESULTS

The overall incidence of extracranial and intracranial chordomas was 8.4 per 10 million population. The median overall survival of patients with chordoma patients was 7.7 years. The median survival was 7.7 years for male patients and 7.8 years for female patients. Younger patients (aged <40 years) survived longer compared with older patients (10‐year RS, 68% vs 43%). The estimated age‐standardized 5‐year, 10‐year, and 20‐year RS rates was 72%, 48%, and 31%, respectively. The SMR in the overall cohort was 4.6 (95% confidence interval, 4.22‐5.0) or 21.0 (95% confidence interval, 16.6‐27.2) in young adult patients and 3.0 (95% confidence interval, 2.6‐3.4) in elderly patients.

CONCLUSIONS

The elderly had a more aggressive form of this disease; and, other than the incidence, sex did not influence outcome in this disease. The study of chordomas presents a good case for the contribution that the SMR can have on measuring the impact of a disease on a population of patients. Although the younger population has better survival rates, the impact (SMR) in the younger age groups is much higher than in older populations. Cancer 2013;119:2029–2037. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Somatodendritic targeting of M5 muscarinic receptor in the rat ventral tegmental area: Implications for mesolimbic dopamine transmission
Authors: Garzón Miguel , Pickel Virginia M.
Published: March 2013

Muscarinic modulation of mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) plays an important role in reward, potentially mediated through the M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M5R). However, the key sites for M5R‐mediated control of dopamine neurons within this region are still unknown. To address this question we examined the electron microscopic immunocytochemical localization of antipeptide antisera against M5R and the plasmalemmal dopamine transporter (DAT) in single sections through the rat VTA. M5R was located mainly to VTA somatodendritic profiles (71%; n = 627), at least one‐third (33.2%; n = 208) of which also contained DAT. The M5R immunoreactivity was distributed along cytoplasmic tubulovesicular endomembrane systems in somata and large dendrites, but was more often located at plasmalemmal sites in small dendrites, the majority of which did not express DAT. The M5R‐immunoreactive dendrites received a balanced input from unlabeled terminals forming either asymmetric or symmetric synapses. Compared with dendrites, M5R was less often seen in axon terminals, comprising only 10.8% (n = 102) of the total M5R‐labeled profiles. These terminals were usually presynaptic to unlabeled dendrites, suggesting that M5R activation can indirectly modulate non–DAT‐containing dendrites through presynaptic mechanisms. Our results provide the first ultrastructural evidence that in the VTA, M5R has a subcellular location conducive to major involvement in postsynaptic signaling in many dendrites, only some of which express DAT. These findings suggest that cognitive and rewarding effects ascribed to muscarinic activation in the VTA can primarily be credited to M5R activation at postsynaptic plasma membranes distinct from dopamine transport. J. Comp. Neurol. 521: 2927–2946, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Muscle ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor α promotes axonal regeneration and functional recovery following peripheral nerve lesion
Authors: Lee Nancy , Spearry Rachel P. , Leahy Kendra M. , Robitz Rachel , Trinh Dennis S. , Mason Carter O. , Zurbrugg Rebekah J. , Batt Myra K. , Paul Richard J. , Maclennan A. John
Published: March 2013

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) administration maintains, protects, and promotes the regeneration of both motor neurons (MNs) and skeletal muscle in a wide variety of models. Expression of CNTF receptor α (CNTFRα), an essential CNTF receptor component, is greatly increased in skeletal muscle following neuromuscular insult. Together the data suggest that muscle CNTFRα may contribute to neuromuscular maintenance, protection, and/or regeneration in vivo. To directly address the role of muscle CNTFRα, we selectively‐depleted it in vivo by using a “floxed” CNTFRα mouse line and a gene construct (mlc1f‐Cre) that drives the expression of Cre specifically in skeletal muscle. The resulting mice were challenged with sciatic nerve crush. Counting of nerve axons and retrograde tracing of MNs indicated that muscle CNTFRα contributes to MN axonal regeneration across the lesion site. Walking track analysis indicated that muscle CNTFRα is also required for normal recovery of motor function. However, the same muscle CNTFRα depletion unexpectedly had no detected effect on the maintenance or regeneration of the muscle itself, even though exogenous CNTF has been shown to affect these functions. Similarly, MN survival and lesion‐induced terminal sprouting were unaffected. Therefore, muscle CNTFRα is an interesting new example of a muscle growth factor receptor that, in vivo under physiological conditions, contributes much more to neuronal regeneration than to the maintenance or regeneration of the muscle itself. This novel form of muscle–neuron interaction also has implications in the therapeutic targeting of the neuromuscular system in MN disorders and following nerve injury. J. Comp. Neurol. 521: 2947–2965, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bare Clusters Derived from Protein Templates: Au25+, Au38+ and Au102+
Authors: Baksi Ananya , Pradeep Thalappil , Yoon Bokwon , Yannouleas Constantine , Landman Uzi
Published: March 2013

A discrete sequence of bare gold clusters of well‐defined nuclearity, namely Au25+, Au38+ and Au102+, formed in a process that starts from gold‐bound adducts of the protein lysozyme, were detected in the gas phase. It is proposed that subsequent to laser desorption ionization, gold clusters form in the gas phase, with the protein serving as a confining growth environment that provides an effective reservoir for dissipation of the cluster aggregation and stabilization energy. First‐principles calculations reveal that the growing gold clusters can be electronically stabilized in the protein environment, achieving electronic closed‐shell structures as a result of bonding interactions with the protein. Calculations for a cluster with 38 gold atoms reveal that gold interaction with the protein results in breaking of the disulfide bonds of the cystine units, and that the binding of the cysteine residues to the cluster depletes the number of delocalized electrons in the cluster, resulting in opening of a super‐atom electronic gap. This shell‐closure stabilization mechanism confers enhanced stability to the gold clusters. Once formed as stable magic number aggregates in the protein growth medium, the gold clusters become detached from the protein template and are observed as bare Aun+ (n=25, 38, and 102) clusters.
Potassium‐Doped Zinc Oxide as Photocathode Material in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Bai Jie , Xu Xiaobao , Xu Ling , Cui Jin , Huang Dekang , Chen Wei , Cheng Yibing , Shen Yan , Wang Mingkui
Published: March 2013

ZnO nanoparticles are doped with K and applied in p‐type dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The microstructure and dynamics of hole transportation and recombination are investigated. The morphology of the K‐doped ZnO nanoparticles shows a homogeneous distribution with sizes in the range 30–40 nm. When applied in p‐type DSCs in combination with C343 as sensitizer, the K‐doped ZnO nanoparticles achieve a photovoltaic power conversion efficiency of 0.012 % at full‐intensity sunlight. A further study on the device by transient photovoltage/photocurrent decay measurements shows that the K‐doped ZnO nanoparticles have an appreciable hole diffusion coefficient (ca. 10−6 cm2 s−1). Compared to the widely used p‐type NiO nanoparticles, this advantage is crucial for further improving the efficiency of p‐type DSCs.
ESTELL: A Quasi‐Toroidally Symmetric Stellarator
Authors: Drevlak M. , Brochard F. , Helander P. , Kisslinger J. , Mikhailov M. , Nührenberg C. , Nührenberg J. , Turkin Y.
Published: March 2013

This work presents the physics design for a simple quasi‐axially symmetric stellarator. A plasma configuration described by a modest number of Fourier coefficients was found to establish this symmetry with good accuracy. The low rotational transform results in a relatively simple coil set exhibiting low curvatures and comfortable clearance between adjacent coils. As another consequence, the maximum achievable plasma pressure will be limited to about 0.5%. An experiment along the lines proposed would allow an exploration of the confinement properties of a quasi‐axially symmetric configuration. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Considerations for dynamic temperature compensation of wideband ladder‐type SAW filter
Authors: Nakamura Nobuyuki , Komatsu Tomoya , Omori Tatsuya , Hashimoto Ken‐Ya , Yamaguchi Masatsune
Published: March 2013

Because of their excellent features such as small size, wide bandwidth, and low insertion loss, ladder‐type filters based on surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology have been widely used as radio‐frequency (RF) filters in mobile communications. We can realize wide bandwidth and low insertion loss in ladder‐type SAW filters on a Cu‐grating/15°LiNbO3 substrate structure. On the other hand, it is said that wide‐bandwidth filters have poor temperature characteristics. Therefore, this paper discusses dynamic temperature compensation for wideband ladder‐type SAW filters. First, we investigate how wide tunability is achievable using variable capacitors connected in parallel and/or series to SAW resonators in the filter configuration. Second, we measured the temperature characteristics of the resonator. Finally, we simulated temperature compensation in wideband ladder‐type SAW filters. As a result, we were able to compensate the change of the characteristics with the ladder‐type SAW filter connected using variable capacitors. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(4): 61–66, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10420
Fabrication of a Zn ferrite thick film planar power inductor for DC‐DC converter LSI package
Authors: Okazaki Shinya , Takeuchi Asako , Takeshima Akihrio , Sonehara Makoto , Sato Toshiro , Matsushita Nobuhiro
Published: March 2013

In order to realize a point of load (POL) DC‐DC converter for LSIs, a Zn ferrite thick film power inductor embedded in an LSI package has been fabricated and evaluated in this study. A 10‐µm‐thick spin‐sprayed Zn ferrite film with a high saturation magnetization of 0.57 T was introduced to the magnetic core for a planar power inductor consisting of a 20‐µm‐thick, 650‐µm‐square, two‐turn inner copper spiral coil sandwiched between top and bottom magnetic cores. The Zn ferrite film had a natural resonant frequency of 500 MHz and a static relative permeability of 80. The planar power inductor with a footprint of 850 × 850 µm exhibited a 10‐nH inductance and a quality factor of 20 at 100 MHz. The degradation of inductance owing to the superimposed DC current of 2 A was 17%. The planar power inductor will be applied to a low‐voltage converter with a switching operation at hundreds of megahertz in the future. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(4): 53–60, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10425
Design technology of stacked NAND‐type FeRAM with two‐transistor‐type memory cell
Authors: Sugano Koichi , Watanabe Shigeyoshi
Published: March 2013

A design method for stacked NAND‐type FeRAM with a two‐transistor‐type memory cell is newly proposed. With the newly introduced WL voltage generator, which allows compensation of the drain current variations caused by misalignment of the ferroelectric film removal mask, 4F2 small cell size has been successfully realized. Thirty‐two‐stage stacked NAND‐type FeRAM is a promising candidate for realizing higher reliability than the conventional stacked NAND‐type one‐transistor FeRAM. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(4): 41–52, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10428 22
Hybrid Polyfunctional Systems Based on Nickel(II) Isonicotinate
Authors: Cortijo Miguel , Herrero Santiago , Jiménez‐Aparicio Reyes , Perles Josefina , Priego José L. , Torralvo M. José , Torroba Javier
Published: March 2013

Several metal–organic frameworks of nickel(II) were obtained starting from the molecular complex 1, [Ni(OH2)4(4‐pyc)2] (4‐pyc = 4‐pyridinecarboxylate or isonicotinate). By using different reaction conditions, two polymorphs of the anhydrous complex [Ni(4‐pyc)2]n (2a and 2b) and the polynuclear compound [Ni5(OH2)3(4‐pyc)10]n (3) were obtained in very high yield. All of the compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic data. The crystal structure determination of compounds 2b and 3 was also carried out. Structural and topological analysis of these new structural types and other related ones were performed. It was found that compounds 2a and 2b are a rare case of coordination framework isomers. Thermogravimetric studies indicate that compounds 2b and 3 lose the pore‐allocated solvent molecules at moderate temperatures without any significant structural change, and at higher temperatures, compounds 1 and 3 are transformed into 2a. Textural parameters that characterize the microporous networks for 2b and 3 were obtained by nitrogen‐adsorption measurements. For both samples, the micropore size distribution indicates cylindrical pores with diameters of 0.85 (2b) and 0.90 nm (3). The values of Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and Langmuir surface areas are 178 and 185 m2 g–1 for compound 2b, and 995 and 982 m2 g–1 for compound 3. Micropore volumes are 0.065 and 0.350 cm3 g–1 for 2b and 3, respectively. The magnetic properties of compounds 1, 2a, and 2b are consistent with the presence of zero‐field splitting and a small antiferromagnetic coupling between the metal atoms. The magnetic properties of the pentanuclear compound 3 were analyzed by considering one monomer with zero‐field splitting caused by axially distorted NiII octahedral compounds, and two dimeric fragments with magnetic interactions within each dimetallic unit.
Organogold(I) Phosphanes in Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions in Aqueous Media
Authors: Peña‐López Miguel , Sarandeses Luis A. , Pérez Sestelo José
Published: March 2013

Cross‐coupling reaction of organogold(I) phosphanes with organic electrophiles in aqueous media has been investigated. Reactions between isolated aryl‐, alkenyl‐, or alkynylgold(I) phosphanes and aryl halides or triflates, alkenyl halides, and allyl acetates proceed under palladium catalysis conditions at room temperature or 80 °C in water with THF as a co‐solvent. The coupling reactions give good yields and are highly versatile and chemoselective, allowing the presence of free amino or hydroxy groups in the electrophile. This methodology was applied to the preparation of substituted phenylalanine esters in a demonstration that gold(I) organometallics are suitable reagents for metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions under protic conditions.
Evidence that low‐temperature oceanic hydrothermal systems play an important role in the silicate‐carbonate weathering cycle and long‐term climate regulation
Authors: Coogan Laurence A. , Gillis Kathryn M.
Published: March 2013

The feedbacks between changes in atmospheric CO2 levels, climate, and CO2 drawdown into rocks are incompletely understood. In particular, the role of the upper oceanic crust in this long‐term carbon cycling is debated. Here, a simple model for the precipitation of calcite in the upper oceanic crust is developed with the aim of understanding why Late Mesozoic upper oceanic crust contains several times higher CO2 concentrations (~2.5 wt%) than Cenozoic upper oceanic crust (~0.5 wt%). The modeling shows that neither heating of seawater, nor leaching of Ca from the rock with charge balance maintained by Mg uptake by the rock, can lead to >0.2 wt% CO2 uptake by the oceanic crust. Alkalinity production during fluid‐rock reaction in the crust allows substantially more CO2 to be taken up by the crust in calcite, and is consistent with changes in the major element composition of Late Mesozoic upper oceanic crust due to hydrothermal alteration. The higher CO2 content of Late Mesozoic than Cenozoic upper oceanic crust thus requires greater alkalinity production by fluid‐rock reactions in the Late Mesozoic. This may have been due to higher bottom water temperature and/or seawater having a different composition leading to different secondary minerals forming in the Late Mesozoic. Irrespective of the mechanism, the negative feedback on atmospheric CO2 levels provided by enhanced hydrothermal CO2 consumption in the Late Mesozoic was of similar magnitude to that from continental weathering.
Impact of p16, p53, smoking, and alcohol on survival in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with primary intensity‐modulated chemoradiation
Authors: Broglie Martina A. , Soltermann Alex , Rohrbach David , Haile Sarah R. , Pawlita Michael , Studer Gabriela , Huber Gerard F. , Moch Holger , Stoeckli Sandro J.
Published: March 2013

Background

Analysis of the impact of risk factors on survival in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) treated by primary intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).

Methods

One hundred forty patients were included with tissue microarray (TMA) construction and immunohistochemical analysis in 124 patients (87%).

Results

Survival analysis of patients classified into 3 risk categories according to an algorithm based on p16, smoking, T classification, and N classification revealed significant differences with a low, intermediate, and high‐risk group. There was a significant impact of p53 expression as surrogate marker for smoking on outcome. In multivariate analysis, p16‐positivity was a positive predictor and alcohol as well as N classification was a negative predictor for survival. The algorithm was modified based on alcohol instead of smoking with even more significant differences between the groups.

Conclusions

A risk model based on multiple factors instead of p16 as single marker can define different risk groups to select patients for treatment deintensification in future prospective clinical trials. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1698–1706, 2013
Factors predicting the prognosis of oral alendronate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaws: A 4‐year cohort study
Authors: Lee Jang‐Jaer , Cheng Shih‐Jung , Wang Jai‐Jen , Chiang Chun‐Pin , Chang Hao‐Hueng , Chen Hsin‐Ming , Kok Sang‐Heng
Published: March 2013

Background

Studies concerning prognostic factors specific for alendronate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ) are rare.

Methods

We surveyed a cohort of 100 osteoporotic patients with 111 alendronate‐related ONJ lesions treated during a 4‐year period. Prognostic values of clinical variables and serum markers of bone turnover were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

The cumulative complete response rate at 6 months was 48.65%. Serum bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) level >10 μg/L, lesion depth ≦ 10 mm, and lesions in anterior regions denoted a better chance of healing within 6 months and the adjusted hazard ratios were 2.48 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41–4.37), 2.71 (95% CI, 1.57–4.70), and 3.94 (95% CI, 1.87–8.30), respectively.

Conclusions

Early discovery of lesions and prevention of their deeper extension are crucial for improving the prognosis of alendronate‐related ONJ. A higher pretreatment level of BSAP indicates a better prognosis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1787–1795, 2013
Extracapsular spread in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Diagnostic value of FDG PET/CT
Authors: Joo Young‐Hoon , Yoo Ie‐Ryung , Cho Kwang‐Jae , Park Jun‐Ook , Nam In‐Chul , Kim Min‐Sik
Published: March 2013

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT for the identification of extracapsular spread (ECS) with supporting histologic correlation in hypopharyngeal cancer.

Method

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 57 patients who underwent FDG PET/CT for hypopharyngeal cancer.

Results

ECS was present in 79% dissected necks (45 of 57 patients) and in 64% dissected cervical levels (55 of 86). A significant difference in standardized uptake value maximum (SUVmax) values was found between cervical lymph nodes with and without ECS (6.10 ± 3.51 vs 1.75 ± 1.46, respectively; p < .001). The cutoff value of SUVmax for differentiating with and without ECS was 2.65 with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 74%. The presence of ECS and median SUVmax were found to have a significant adverse effect on 5‐year disease‐specific survival.

Conclusion

Median FDG PET/CT SUVmax cutoff values of 2.65 or greater are associated with a greater risk of ECS in cervical lymph node metastasis from hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1771–1776, 2013
Both resistance training and aerobic training reduce hepatic fat content in type 2 diabetic subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (the RAED2 randomized trial)
Authors: Bacchi Elisabetta , Negri Carlo , Targher Giovanni , Faccioli Niccolò , Lanza Massimo , Zoppini Giacomo , Zanolin Elisabetta , Schena Federico , Bonora Enzo , Moghetti Paolo
Published: March 2013

Although lifestyle interventions are considered the first-line therapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is extremely common in people with type 2 diabetes, no intervention studies have compared the effects of aerobic (AER) or resistance (RES) training on hepatic fat content in type 2 diabetic subjects with NAFLD. In this randomized controlled trial, we compared the 4-month effects of either AER or RES training on insulin sensitivity (by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp), body composition (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), as well as hepatic fat content and visceral (VAT), superficial (SSAT), and deep (DSAT) subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (all quantified by an in-opposed-phase magnetic resonance imaging technique) in 31 sedentary adults with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD. After training, hepatic fat content was markedly reduced (

P

< 0.001), to a similar extent, in both the AER and the RES training groups (mean relative reduction from baseline [95% confidence interval] −32.8% [−58.20 to −7.52] versus −25.9% [−50.92 to −0.94], respectively). Additionally, hepatic steatosis (defined as hepatic fat content >5.56%) disappeared in about one-quarter of the patients in each intervention group (23.1% in the AER group and 23.5% in the RES group). Insulin sensitivity during euglycemic clamp was increased, whereas total body fat mass, VAT, SSAT, and hemoglobin A1c were reduced comparably in both intervention groups.

Conclusion

: This is the first randomized controlled study to demonstrate that resistance training and aerobic training are equally effective in reducing hepatic fat content among type 2 diabetic patients with NAFLD. (Hepatology 2013;58:1287–1295)
Sex‐dependent regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis under basal and chronic stress conditions in rats
Authors: Hillerer Katharina M. , Neumann Inga D. , Couillard‐Despres Sebastien , Aigner Ludwig , Slattery David A.
Published: March 2013

Sex differences in basal as well as in stress‐induced hippocampal neurogenesis processes have been reported in the literature. However, studies directly comparing sex differences on multiple neurogenesis processes under such conditions are lacking to date. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to directly compare cell proliferation and survival, neuronal and astroglial differentiation as well as stem cells quiescence in male and female Wistar rats under both basal and chronic stress conditions (12 days of 2 h restraint stress (RS)). In addition, corticosterone (CORT) levels and spatial working memory were assessed. Under baseline conditions, only the number of immature neurons within the hippocampal dentate gyrus was higher in males compared with females. In contrast, chronic stress resulted in a number of sex‐specific alterations. Thus, stress exposure reduced cell proliferation in males with a concurrent increase in stem cell quiescence, while it did not alter either parameter in females but decreased cell survival. Analysis of astroglial and neuronal differentiation patterns revealed that chronic stress specifically diminished the number of mature neurons in females, with no effect in males. Despite the observed sex differences in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, spatial working memory was not altered by stress exposure in either sex. While basal CORT levels were higher, chronic stress exposure did not affect this parameter in either sex across the initial stress period. This study presents the first direct and detailed evaluation of sex‐dependent and chronic stress‐induced changes in adult hippocampal neurogenesis not only showing changes in cell proliferation and survival, but moreover immature neuron production, differentiation patterns, stem cell quiescence and therefore contributes to a better understanding of sex differences in neurogenesis processes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Perceptual versus conceptual interference and pattern separation of verbal stimuli in young and older adults
Authors: Ly Maria , Murray Elizabeth , Yassa Michael A.
Published: March 2013

Recently, several studies have strongly suggested that age‐related decline in episodic memory is associated with deficits in hippocampal pattern separation (orthogonalizing overlapping experiences using distinct neural codes). The same studies also link these deficits to neurobiological features such as dentate/CA3 representational rigidity and perforant path loss. This decline in pattern separation is thought to underlie behavioral deficits in discriminating similar stimuli on pictorial tasks. Similar pictorial stimuli invoke interference both in the perceptual and conceptual domains, and do not allow one to be disentangled from another. For example, it is very difficult to design a set of pictorial stimuli that are perceptually similar yet conceptually unrelated. Verbal stimuli, on the other hand, allow experimenters to independently manipulate conceptual and perceptual interference. We tested discrimination on conceptually similar (semantically related) and perceptually similar (phonologically related) verbal stimuli in young (mean age 20) and older adults (mean age 69), and find that older adults are selectively impaired in perceptual pattern separation. This deficit was not secondary to failure in working memory, attention, or visual processing. Based on past studies, we suggest that perceptual discrimination relies on recollection while conceptual discrimination relies more on gist. Our results fit well within the notion that recollection but not familiarity (i.e. gist) is impaired in older adults, and suggests that the impairment observed in pictorial tasks may be driven mostly by failure in perceptual and not conceptual pattern separation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Barrett associated MHC and FOXF1 variants also increase esophageal carcinoma risk
Authors: Dura Polat , van Veen Elke M. , Salomon Jody , te Morsche Rene H.M. , Roelofs Hennie M.J. , Kristinsson Jon O. , Wobbes Theo , Witteman Ben J.M. , Tan Adriaan C.I.T.L. , Drenth Joost P.H. , Peters Wilbert H.M.
Published: March 2013

Barrett's esophagus, with gastroesophageal reflux disease and obesity as risk factors, predisposes to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Recently a British genome wide association study identified two Barrett's esophagus susceptibility loci mapping within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC; rs9257809) and closely to the Forkhead‐F1 (FOXF1; rs9936833) coding gene. An interesting issue is whether polymorphisms associated with Barrett's esophagus, are also implicated in esophageal carcinoma (EC), and more specifically EAC genesis. Assessing the individual genetic susceptibility can help identify high risk patients more prone to benefit from surveillance programs. Our hypothesis: Barrett associated MHC and FOXF1 variants modify EC risk in Caucasians. In a Dutch case‐control study, 431 patients with EC and 605 healthy controls were included. Polymorphisms at chromosomes 6p21 (MHC) and 16q24 (FOXF1) were determined by means of real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. The FOXF1 rs9936833 variant C allele was associated with an increased EAC susceptibility; OR, [95% CI]; 1.21, [0.99–1.47]. A sex‐stratified analysis revealed a similar association in males; 1.24 [1.00–1.55]. The variant MHC rs9257809 G allele as well as the MHC heterozygous AG genotype significantly increased ESCC risk; 1.76 [1.16–2.66] and 1.74 [1.08–2.80], respectively. Sex‐stratification showed that the variant G allele was especially present in female patients; 2.32 [1.04–5.20]. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that MHC rs9257809 and FOXF1 rs9936833 variants, associated with Barrett's esophagus, also increase ESCC and EAC susceptibility in Caucasians. FOX proteins are transcription factors involved in organogenesis of the GI tract, while MHC haplotypes are strongly associated with smoking behavior, a crucial risk factor for ESCC. Assessing the individual genetic susceptibility can help identify high risk patients more prone to benefit from (Barrett) surveillance programs.