bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organochlorine detection on transition metals (X=Zn, Ti, Ni, Fe, and Cr) anchored fullerenes (C23X)
Authors: Louis Hitler , Chima Chioma M. , Amodu Ismail O. , Gber Terkumbur E. , Unimuke Tomsmith O. , Adeyinka Adedapo S.
Published: January 2023

Herein, the Kohn‐Sham K density functional theory (DFT) approach has been employed to investigate the adsorption and sensing efficacy of C23X (X=Zn, Ti, Ni, Fe, and Cr) nanoclusters towards a selected organochlorine derivative (chloronaphthalene). CLN@C23Ti (T1) and CLN@C23Cr (C1) complexes indicated stronger adsorption as confirmed by the adsorption energy values of −68.3384 and −49.3581 Kcal/mol. Also, higher change in charge transfers of −1.7134 and −1.0414 observed in C1 and T1 complexes respectively and this result was further strengthened by dipole moment analysis. C23Ti and C23Cr surfaces reflect higher dipole moment of 5.7126 and 4.7552 D respectively, indicating higher charge separation and stronger interactions upon the adsorption of chloronaphthalene (CLN). Rich blue color possessed by all complexes in the 3D isosurface of the Reduced Density Gradient (RDG) plots, signifies the presence of a very strong force of attraction as a result of hydrogen bond interaction. These results are consistent with the topological analysis and those of sensing mechanisms, thus, leading to a conclusive scientific report that C23Ti and C23Cr nanoclusters exhibit relatively better sensing efficacy for the detection of CLN. Hence, it can be employed in coupling future sensor device for CLN molecule.
Efficient Delivery of GSDMD‐N mRNA by Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Induces Pyroptosis for Enhanced Immunotherapy
Authors: Xing Yuqi , Zhang Feiyu , Ji Panpan , Wei Mengying , Yin Chunhui , Yang Angang , Yang Guodong , Zhao Jing
Published: January 2023

Pyroptosis is a newly discovered inflammatory form of programmed cell death, which promotes systemic immune response in cancer immunotherapy. GSDMD is one of the key molecules executing pyroptosis, while therapeutical delivery of GSDMD to tumor cells is of great challenge. In this study, an extracellular vesicles‐based GSDMD‐N mRNA delivery system (namely EVTx) is developed for enhanced cancer immunotherapy, with GSDMD‐N mRNA encapsulated inside, Ce6 (Chlorin e6 (Ce6), a hydrophilic sensitizer) incorporated into extracellular vesicular membrane, and HER2 antibody displayed onto the surface. Briefly, GSDMD‐N mRNA is translationally repressed in donor cells by optimized puromycin, ensuring the cell viability and facilitating the mRNA encapsulation into extracellular vesicles. When targeted and delivered into HER2+ breast cancer cells by the engineered extracellular vesicles, the translational repression is unleashed in the recipient cells as the puromycin is diluted and additionally inactivated by sonodynamic treatment as the extracellular vesicles are armed with Ce6, allowing GSDMD‐N translation and pyroptosis induction. In addition, sonodynamic treatment also induces cell death in the recipient cells. In the SKBR3‐ and HER2 transfected 4T1‐ inoculated breast tumor mouse models, the engineered EVTx efficiently induces a powerful tumor immune response and suppressed tumor growth, providing a nanoplatform for cancer immunotherapy.
Carbonized Polymer Dots Assemble in Proton‐Conducting Channels to Enhance the Conductivity and Selectivity Simultaneously for High‐Performance Fuel Cells
Authors: Xia Chunlei , Li Jialin , Qian Zhao , Xu Fengrui , Li Yunfeng , Zhu Shoujun , Qian Hu‐jun , Zhao Chengji , Lu Zhong‐Yuan , Yang Bai
Published: January 2023

Fabricating polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) simultaneously with high ion conductivity and selectivity has always been an ultimate goal in many membrane‐integrated systems for energy conversion and storage. Constructing broader ion‐conducting channels usually enables high‐efficient ion conductivity while often bringing increased crossover of other ions or molecules simultaneously, resulting in decreased selectivity. Here, the ultra‐small carbon dots (CDs) with the selective barriers are self‐assembled within proton‐conducting channels of PEMs through electrostatic interaction to enhance the proton conductivity and selectivity simultaneously. The functional CDs regulate the nanophase separation of PEMs and optimize the hydration proton network enabling higher‐efficient proton transport. Meanwhile, the CDs within proton‐conducting channels prevent fuel from permeating selectively due to their repelling and spatial hindrance against fuel molecules, resulting in highly enhanced selectivity. Benefiting from the improved conductivity and selectivity, the open‐circuit voltage and maximum power density of the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) equipped with the hybrid membranes raised by 23% and 93%, respectively. This work brings new insight to optimize polymer membranes for efficient and selective transport of ions or small molecules, solving the trade‐off of conductivity and selectivity.
Flexible All‐Solid‐State Direct Methanol Fuel Cells with High Specific Power Density
Authors: Sun Shanshan , Zhao Minglin , Wang Qingwei , Xue Shujie , Huang Qinghong , Yu Nengfei , Wu Yuping
Published: January 2023

It is vital to create flexible batteries as power sources to suit the needs of flexible electronic devices because they are widely employed in wearable and portable electronics. The direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is a desirable alternative portable energy source since it is a clean, safe, and high energy density cell. The traditional DMFC in mechanical assembly and its unbending property, however, prevent it from being employed in flexible electrical devices. In this study, the flexible membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with superior electrical conductivity and nanoscale TiC‐modified carbon cloth (TiC/CC) is used as supporting layer. Additionally, solid methanol fuels used in the manufacturing of flexible all‐solid‐state DMFC have the advantages of being tiny, light, and having high energy density. Furthermore, the DMFC's placement and bending angle have little effect on its performance, suggesting that DMFC is appropriate for flexible portable energy. The flexible all‐solid‐state DMFC's power density can reach 14.06 mW cm−2, and after 50 bends at 60°, its voltage loss can be disregarded. The flexible all‐solid DMFC has an energy density that is 777.78 Wh Kg−1 higher than flexible lithium‐ion batteries, which is advantageous for the commercialization of flexible electronic products.
Solar‐Driven Water Splitting in Photovoltaic Electrolysis Systems Using Copper Terpyridine Complexes as Oxygen Evolution Catalysts
Authors: Zhou Mu-Han , Lin Jia-Ying , Zhang Wei-Ping , Jian Jing-Xin , Wondu Dagnaw Fentahun , Wang Tieyu , Tong Qing-Xiao
Published: January 2023

Copper complexes, as kinds of molecular catalysts bioinspired from the copper O2‐activating enzymes, are attractive targets for water oxidation, which can undergo facile and reversible OO bond formation and cleavage under mild conditions. Herein, three copper(II) complexes of Cu(tpy), Cu(ctpy), and Cu(pctpy) are investigated as oxygen evolution catalysts, which are designed and synthesized using α,α′,α″‐terpyridyl(tpy) derivatives as ligands. In the electrochemical measurements, the carboxylic‐functionalized catalysts of Cu(ctpy) and Cu(pctpy) exhibit high water oxidation turnover frequencies of 1027 and 3363 s−1, respectively. The astonishing rates of O2 production exceed the oxygen evolution complex in natural photosystem II. Moreover, the photovoltaic electrolysis (PVE) system is constructed by connecting Si solar panels with the copper complex‐decorated electrodes. Under the irradiation of AM1.5G‐simulated sunlight, a high photocurrent density of 5.47 mA cm−2 and solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency of 6.81% are achieved for solar water splitting without external bias. This is the first report PVE system using copper complex as a oxygen evolution catalyst molecular catalyst, which is of great significance to simulate the catalytic water oxidation process of natural enzymes and build an artificial photosynthesis system to achieve green, efficient, and stable decomposition of aquatic oxygen.
Electronic Modulation of Semimetallic Electrode for 2D van der Waals Devices
Authors: Kim Taehun , Lim Jungmoon , Byeon Junsung , Cho Yuljae , Kim Woojong , Hong Jinpyo , Jin Heo Su , Eun Jang Jae , Kim Byung-Sung , Hong John , Pak Sangyeon , Cha SeungNam
Published: January 2023

The 2D semimetallic electrodes have been employed to show outstanding contact properties with 2D semiconducting transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) channel, leading to large enhancement of 2D transistor and phototransistor performance. Herein, an innovative concept is established for a unique 2D semimetallic electrode‐2D TMDC channel (2D–2D) device configuration where the electronic structures of 2D semimetallic electrodes are systematically modulated to improve the contact properties with 2D monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) channel. The 2D semimetallic copper sulfide (CuS) electrodes are doped with iodine atoms by a direct exposure of iodine gas. The contact properties and charge‐transport behavior in the 2D–2D field‐effect transistors (FETs) are highly improved, which is attributed to the favorable energy band alignment and associated material properties between the iodine‐doped CuS (CuS–I) electrodes and 2D channel. The 2D–2D FETs show a high on current, high on/off ratio, and twofold improvement in mobility. Furthermore, 2D–2D phototransistors and flexible/transparent photodetectors are fabricated using the CuS–I/MoS2, which also performed outstanding photoresponsivity characteristics and mechanical durability under external bending strain conditions. These findings demonstrate a promising pathway that under the 2D–2D configuration, the electronic modulation by the iodine atoms may enable the development of future 2D electronic applications.
Emerging Applications of Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogens in Bacterial Biofilm Imaging and Antibiofilm Theranostics
Authors: Liu Peiying , Li Danxia , Kang Miaomiao , Pan Yinzhen , Wen Ziyao , Zhang Zhijun , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: January 2023

Threats posed by recalcitrant bacterial biofilms have been continuously challenging the public health due to the dramatically magnified antibiotic resistance resulted from the complicated biofilm microenvironment. Urgent demands on effective biofilm combating have propelled the rapid exploration of high‐performance antibiofilm systems. Thanks to the distinguished features of aggregation‐intensified fluorescence and aggregation‐enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species, aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) are becoming increasingly eye‐catching in the field of biofilm combating by serving as excellent fluorescence imaging probes or theranostic agents. This review aims to, for the first time, outline the current progress of AIEgens in bacterial biofilm imaging and antibiofilm theranostics. The up‐to‐date advancements of AIEgens in enzyme‐responsive biofilm imaging, discriminative imaging of Gram‐positive bacterial biofilm, as well as biofilm viability monitoring are summarized at first. Subsequently, the antiadhesion intervention‐mediated prevention of biofilm formation and photodynamic therapy‐involved eradication of preexisting biofilms are detailedly elucidated. Finally, a brief conclusion as well as a discussion on the current challenges and future expectations is presented.
Triptolide injection reduces Alzheimer's disease‐like pathology in mice
Authors: Mao Rui , Xu Shihao , Sun Guangwen , Yu Yingying , Zuo Zhiyi , Wang Yuanyuan , Yang Kun , Zhang Zhen , Yang Wenqiong
Published: January 2023

Triptolide is an epoxidized diterpene lactone isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii. Studies have shown that triptolide exerts organ‐protective effects. However, it remains unknown whether triptolide improves Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐like presentations. Thirty healthy 8‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control (n = 10), model (n = 10), and triptolide (n = 10) groups. Amyloid‐β (Aβ)42 was injected bilaterally into the ventricles of mice in the model group. Triptolide was injected intraperitoneally daily after injecting Aβ42 (a total of 30 days) in the triptolide group. Learning and memory were tested using the Morris water maze test. The deposition of Aβ42 in the hippocampus was detected using immunohistochemical staining. In the hippocampus, three synaptic‐associated proteins—gephyrin, collybistin, and GABRA1—were detected by western blotting. Furthermore, we used ELISA to detect proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF‐α and IL‐1β, in the blood and hippocampus. Moreover, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and GSH levels were measured using the corresponding kits. We found that triptolide improved spatial learning and memory in AD‐like mice. Additionally, triptolide maintained the expression of gephyrin, collybistin, and GABRA1 and reduced Aβ in these mice. Additionally, triptolide reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines and decreased oxidative damage in AD‐like mice. Our study suggests that triptolide attenuates AD‐like changes in the mouse brain.
Investigating the phenol removal from aqueous media by photocatalytic magnetized graphene oxide nanocomposite
Authors: Shokoohi Reza , Safari Sara , Ghahramani Esmaeil
Published: January 2023

As a large and diverse group of secondary metabolites, phenolic compounds are one of the most common chemical pollutants present in water resources. these compounds can have toxic effects on ecosystems and humans. Therefore, their removal from water sources appears to be of great importance. In this study, a magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) photocatalyst was synthesized and used to remove phenol from water. The fabricated GO magnetic nanocomposites were determined by SEM and FTIR techniques. Afterward, these nanoparticles were used to remove phenol from aquatic media considering different operational parameters, including pH of the solution, initial concentration of phenol, contact time, and adsorbent dosage. The results showed that the magnetized GO nanoparticles could remove 90.83% of phenol molecules under the optimal conditions of solution pH = 3.0, initial phenol concentration of 20 mg/L, adsorbent concentration of 300 mg/L, and contact time of 120 min. additionally have compared the results of UV, Fe3O4/GO, and Fe3O4/GO/UV on the removal of phenol under optimum conditions. Accordingly, the phenol removal efficiencies for UV alone, Fe3O4/GO, and Fe3O4/GO/UV were obtained at 4.5, 65.73, and 90.83%, respectively. Based on the findings, the prepared magnetic GO nanoparticles have extended capabilities such as easy and rapid separation from sample and high potential in removing phenolic compounds, so, it can be introduced as an appropriate adsorbent for removal of this pollutant from water and wastewater.
Evaluation of aglepristone and oxytocin on induction of parturition in guinea pig
Authors: Sara Tayeban , Reza Narenjisani , Morteza Keywanloo , Vali Yasamin , Soroori Sarang , Ebrahim Shahroozian
Published: January 2023

Background

Induction of parturition in guinea pigs appears to be essential because these animals have a higher rate of reproductive problems than rabbits and small rodents.

Objectives

Since aglepristone (AGL) is a competitive progesterone antagonist acting through binding to progesterone receptors while oxytocin (OT) is a powerful constituent of uterine smooth muscle, the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and ultrasonographic impacts of AGL and OT on guinea pig parturition induction.

Methods

In this study, guinea pigs were allocated into five groups; each included five animals on the 61st day of pregnancy. In the aglepristone group (Agle), AGL was administrated subcutaneously (SC) once daily on 2 consecutive days (Days 61 and 62 post mating). Oxytocin (OT) was administered subcutaneously once and twice at 4‐h intervals on Day 62 post mating in oxytocin 1 (Oxy1) and oxytocin 2 (Oxy2) groups, respectively. The animals in the aglepristone‐oxytocin group (Agle‐Oxy) received AGL subcutaneously once daily on 2 consecutive days (Days 61 and 62 post mating) and OT on Day 62 post mating. The remaining sows received saline solution (0.9% NaCl) in the control group.

Results

According to the results, fetal heart rate, temperature, neonatal and maternal survival rates were not significantly different between the treatment and control groups (p > 0.05). Biparietal diameter of head and body weight of neonates in the Agle, Oxy2 and Agle‐Oxy groups showed a significant decline, compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The time interval between injection and delivery and the duration of pregnancy was significantly reduced in Agle, Oxy2, Agl‐Oxy groups, compared to the control and Oxy1 groups.

Conclusions

In conclusion, it seems that treatment Oxy2 can induce parturition in guinea pigs without side effects and lower pain during induction of parturition.
Collective memory: Collaborative recall synchronizes what and how people remember
Authors: Greeley Garrett D. , Rajaram Suparna
Published: January 2023

Memory researchers and theorists have long advanced the idea that the manner in which information is retrieved is critical. The way retrieval unfolds provides critical insights into how memories are organized and accessed—an important aspect of memory missed by focusing only on quantity. Cognitive studies of memory in social contexts, deploying the collaborative memory paradigm, have also noted the importance of such retrieval organization. Such memory studies often focus on how relative to “groups” that never collaborated, former members of collaborating groups recall more of the same material (collective memory) and they do so in a more synchronized fashion (collective retrieval organization). In this review, we leverage the diverse methodological and quantitative toolkits that have traditionally targeted individual retrieval to highlight the ways in which this social memory research has examined collective memory and collective retrieval organization. To that end, we consider how the collaborative memory paradigm has integrated methods, such as free recall, that afford rich assessments of retrieval organization. Likewise, we consider the application of metrics that characterize organization patterns in different contexts. With this background in mind, we discuss the important theoretical and broader implications of research on collective memory and collective retrieval organization.

This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Memory
Overcoming Vulnerability in the Life Course—Reflections on a Research Program
Authors: Settersten Richard A. , Buchmann Marlis , Kohli Martin , Levy René , de Ribaupierre Anik , Salmela-Aro Katariina , Thomson Elizabeth
Published: January 2023

This chapter reflects on the twelve-year Swiss research program, “Overcoming vulnerability: Life course perspectives” (LIVES). The authors are longstanding members of its scientific advisory committee. They highlight the program’s major accomplishments, identify key ingredients of the program’s success as well as some of its challenges, and raise promising avenues for future scholarship. Their insights will be of particular interest to those who wish to launch similar large-scale collaborative enterprises. LIVES has been a landmark project in advancing the conceptualization, measurement, and analysis of vulnerability over the life course. The foundation it has provided will direct the next era of scholarship toward even greater specificity: in understanding the conditions under which vulnerability matters, for whom, when, and how. In a process-oriented life-course perspective, vulnerability is not viewed as a persistent or permanent condition but rather as a dormant condition of the social actor, activated in particular situations and contexts.
Extra dimensions with light and heavy neutral leptons: an application to CEνNS
Authors: Khan Amir N.
Published: January 2023

Abstract

We explore the possibility of relating extra dimensions with light and heavy Dirac-type neutral leptons and develop a framework for testing them in various laboratory experiments. The Kaluza-Klein modes in the large extra dimension models of the light neutral leptons could mix with the standard model neutrinos and produce observable effects in the oscillation experiments. We show that the chirality flipping up-scattering processes occurring through either neutrino magnetic dipole moment or the weakly coupled scalar interactions can also produce heavy Kaluza-Klein modes of the corresponding right-handed neutral leptons propagating in one or more extra dimensions. However, to conserve the four- dimensional energy-momentum, their masses must be below the maximum energy of the neutrinos in the initial state. The appreciable size of extra dimensions connected with these heavy neutral leptons can thus affect the cross-sections of these processes. This framework applies to any up-scattering process. Our work here focuses only on its application to the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering process. We derive constraints on the size of extra dimensions using the COHERENT data in oscillation and up-scattering processes. For model with one large extra dimension for the light neutral leptons, we obtain the limits, R ~ 3 μm (NH) and R ~ 2.5 μm (IH), on the size of extra dimension corresponding to the absolute mass limit, m0 ≤ 3 × 10−3 eV at 90% C.L. from the short-baseline oscillations. Using the up-scattering process for heavy neutral leptons, we obtain new parameter spaces between the size of extra dimensions and parameters of the dipole or scalar interactions.
On the distribution of the van der Corput sequences
Authors: Beretti Thomas
Published: January 2023

For an integer $$p\ge 2$$

p
≥
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, let $$\{x_n\}_{n\in {\mathbb {N}}}\subset {\mathbb {T}}$$

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n

}

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∈
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⊂
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be the p-adic van der Corput sequence. For intervals $$[0,\alpha )\subset {\mathbb {T}}$$

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)
⊂
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and for positive integers N, consider the geometrically-shifted discrepancy function $$D_{p,N,\alpha }(t)=\sum _{n=0}^{N-1}\mathcal {X}_{[0,\alpha )}(x_n+t)-N\alpha $$

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p
,
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,
α

(
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)

=

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=
0

N
-
1

X

[
0
,
α
)

(

x
n

+
t
)

-
N
α

. In this paper, we give a characterization of the asymptotic behavior of $$\Vert D_{p,N,\alpha }(\cdot )\Vert _{L^2({\mathbb {T}})}$$

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,
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,
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(
·
)

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for $$N\rightarrow \infty $$

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that depends on the p-adic expansion of $$\alpha $$
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.
Chambolle–Pock’s Primal-Dual Method with Mismatched Adjoint
Authors: Lorenz Dirk A. , Schneppe Felix
Published: January 2023

The primal-dual method of Chambolle and Pock is a widely used algorithm to solve various optimization problems written as convex-concave saddle point problems. Each update step involves the application of both the forward linear operator and its adjoint. However, in practical applications like computerized tomography, it is often computationally favourable to replace the adjoint operator by a computationally more efficient approximation. This leads to an adjoint mismatch in the algorithm. In this paper, we analyze the convergence of Chambolle–Pock’s primal-dual method under the presence of a mismatched adjoint in the strongly convex setting. We present an upper bound on the error of the primal solution and derive stepsizes and mild conditions under which convergence to a fixed point is still guaranteed. Furthermore we show linear convergence similar to the result of Chambolle–Pock’s primal-dual method without the adjoint mismatch. Moreover, we illustrate our results both for an academic and a real-world inspired application.
Hu-bot: promoting the cooperation between humans and mobile robots
Authors: Miras Karine , Mocanu Decebal , Eiben A. E.
Published: January 2023

This paper investigates human–robot collaboration in a novel setup: a human helps a mobile robot that can move and navigate freely in an environment. Specifically, the human helps by remotely taking over control during the learning of a task. The task is to find and collect several items in a walled arena, and Reinforcement Learning is used to seek a suitable controller. If the human observes undesired robot behavior, they can directly issue commands for the wheels through a game joystick. Experiments in a simulator showed that human assistance improved robot behavior efficacy by 30% and efficiency by 12%. The best policies were also tested in real life, using physical robots. Hardware experiments showed no significant difference concerning the simulations, providing empirical validation of our approach in practice.
Online reading lists: a mixed-method analysis of the academic perspective
Authors: Kumara P. P. N. V. , Hinze Annika , Vanderschantz Nicholas , Timpany Claire
Published: January 2023

Reading list systems are widely used in tertiary education as a pedagogical tool and for tracking copyrighted material. This article explores the make-up of reading lists across a whole university. We investigated the experience of academics and librarians when creating reading lists. A mixed-method approach was employed in which we performed a transaction log analysis on reading lists at a single university, from 2016 to 2020. A questionnaire was then answered by both academics and academic liaison librarians about their experience with reading lists. The results of our analysis found that uptake of reading lists varies widely between different academic disciplines. Academic engagement with reading lists was found to show only incremental growth over time, and overall satisfaction by academics with the reading list system was low. We explore implications for reading lists implemented through digital Libraries and recommend developing discipline-specific support to increase reading list numbers and to integrate pedagogical features to increase academic buy-in.
The Underlying Mechanisms in the Association Between Traumatic Brain Injury in Childhood and Conduct Disorder Symptoms in Late Adolescence
Authors: Khalaf Hanan K S. , Martin Alex F. , De Brito Stephane A. , Barker Edward D.
Published: January 2023

The present study examined i) the direct association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) in childhood and conduct disorder symptoms in adolescence, ii) whether this effect is mediated by impulsivity and/or callous unemotional traits (CU traits), and iii) whether these indirect effects are moderated by childhood family adversity and adolescent substance use. Utilising data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), participants with head injury information up to 12 years (4.5 years, 5.4 years, 6.5 years, 8.6 years, 11.7 years) were identified and categorised into a TBI (n = 409), orthopaedic injury (n = 1469) or non-injury group (n = 5685). Psychosocial factors such as impulsivity at 13 years, CU traits at 13 years, childhood family adversity (between birth to 4 years) and substance use at 14 years were collated for moderated mediation analyses. Conduct disorder symptoms were assessed at 16 years of age. TBI and conduct disorder symptoms were positively associated, and this association was mediated by impulsivity but not CU traits. The indirect effects were higher in magnitude for individuals with higher levels of childhood family adversity. Adolescent substance use was not found to moderate the indirect effects between TBI and conduct disorder symptoms. These results were specific to TBI individuals, and not in participants with orthopaedic injury and no reported injuries. Targeting impulsivity and early family adversity may alleviate the risk of conduct disorder symptoms following TBI in childhood. These findings have important implications for informing neuro-rehabilitative and preventative measures in clinical and community settings.
Feasibility and optimal choice of stimulation parameters for supramaximal stimulation of motor evoked potentials
Authors: Dulfer S. E. , Lange F. , Sahinovic M. M. , Wapstra F. H. , Absalom A. R. , Faber C. , Groen R. J.M. , Drost G.
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The aim was to investigate the feasibility and optimal stimulation parameters for supramaximal stimulation of muscle recorded transcranial electrical stimulation motor evoked potentials (mTc-MEP). Methods: Forty-seven consecutive patients that underwent scoliosis surgery were included. First, the feasibility of supramaximal stimulation was assessed for two settings (setting 1: pulse duration 0.075ms, interstimulus interval (ISI) 1.5ms; setting 2: pulse duration 0.300ms, ISI 3ms). Thereafter, three mTc-MEP parameters were considered for both settings; (1) elicitability, (2) amplitude, and (3) if supramaximal stimulation was achieved with ≥ 20 V below maximum output. Finally, ISIs (1ms–4ms) were optimized for setting 1. Results: Nine patients (19.15%) were excluded. Of the remaining patients, supramaximal stimulation was achieved in all patients for setting 1, and in 26 (68.42%) for setting 2. In one patient, mTc-MEPs were elicitable in more muscles for setting (1) Amplitudes were not significantly different. Stimulation voltage could be increased ≥ 20 V in all 38 patients for setting 1 and in 10 (38.46%) for setting (2) Optimal ISI’s differed widely. Conclusion: We recommend using setting 1 when monitoring mTc-MEPs with supramaximal stimulation, after which an individualized ISI optimization can be performed. Moreover, when using supramaximal stimulation, short ISI’s (i.e. 1ms or 1.5ms) can be the optimal ISI for obtaining the highest mTc-MEP amplitude.
The diagnosis and management of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma during pregnancy
Authors: Clifton-Bligh Roderick J.
Published: January 2023

Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma (PPGL) in pregnancy has been associated historically with high rates of materno-fetal morbidity and mortality. Recent evidence suggests outcomes are improved by recognition of PPGL before or during pregnancy and appropriate medical management with alpha-blockade. Whether antepartum surgery (before the third trimester) is required remains controversial and open to case-based merits. Women with PPGL in pregnancy are more commonly delivered by Caesarean section, although vaginal delivery appears to be safe in selected cases. At least some PPGLs express the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) which may explain their dramatic manifestation in pregnancy. PPGLs in pregnancy are often associated with heritable syndromes, and genetic counselling and testing should be offered routinely in this setting. Since optimal outcomes are only achieved by early recognition of PPGL in (or ideally before) pregnancy, it is incumbent for clinicians to be aware of this diagnosis in a pregnant woman with hypertension occurring before 20 weeks’ gestation, and acute and/or refractory hypertension particularly if paroxysmal and accompanied by sweating, palpitations and/or headaches. All women with a past history of PPGL and/or heritable PPGL syndrome should be carefully assessed for the presence of residual or recurrent disease before considering pregnancy.
Concept for a generic modular software architecture for the integration of quality relevant data and sample implementation for a laser sintering system
Authors: Michalkowski Carissa , Janhsen Jan , Springer Patrick
Published: January 2023

Additive manufacturing (AM) processes, such as laser sintering (LS), are complex in parameter dependencies and process flow. To be able to analyse and potentially predict the quality of the manufactured parts, the monitoring of multiple process parameters along the process chain is necessary. Currently, there are standards defined for data exchange but there is no framework to store and analyse these data or enhance a system with additional sensors. Therefore, a generic software concept is required that allows a consistent process monitoring. In this publication, a generic workflow for AM including pre- and post-processing steps is presented and relevant communication interfaces as e.g. OPC-UA, and relevant data types to be collected are identified. The concept allows the use of different communication protocols, storing and evaluating process data and by its modularity the enhancement of a system with its hardware. The stored values can be analysed by further scripts. The architecture is applicated on LS and partial aspects are prototypically implemented as well as practically validated. Therefore, a generic modular software concept, based on a hardware independent Docker based architecture, is presented. A practical feasibility test shows that machine and image data can be decentralized tapped and recorded, cloud-based analysed and web-based visualized.
Detector development at the Back-n white neutron source
Authors: Ruirui Fan , Qiang Li , Jie Bao , Yang Li , Rong Liu , Wei Jiang , Jie Ren , Qiwei Zhang , Ping Cao , Minhao Gu , Zhizhou Ren , Han Yi , Jingyu Tang , Qi An , Haofan Bai , Jiangbo Bai , Qiping Chen , Yonghao Chen , Zhen Chen , Zengqi Cui , Anchuan Fan , Changqing Feng , Fanzhen Feng , Keqing Gao , Changcai Han , Zijie Han , Guozhu He , Yongcheng He , Yang Hong , Yiwei Hu , Hanxiong Huang , Weihua Jia , Haoyu Jiang , Zhijie Jiang , Zhengyao Jin , Ling Kang , Bo Li , Chao Li , Gong Li , Jiawen Li , Xiao Li , Jie Liu , Shubin Liu , Guangyuan Luan , Changjun Ning , Binbin Qi , Xichao Ruan , Zhaohui Song , Kang Sun , Zhixin Tan , Shengda Tang , Pengcheng Wang , Zhaohui Wang , Zhongwei Wen , Xiaoguang Wu , Xuan Wu , Likun Xie , Yiwei Yang , Yongji Yu , Guohui Zhang , Linhao Zhang , Mohan Zhang , Xianpeng Zhang , Yuliang Zhang , Yue Zhang , Zhiyong Zhang , Maoyuan Zhao , Luping Zhou , Zhihao Zhou , Kejun Zhu ,   The CSNS Back-n Collaboration
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Back-n is a white neutron beamline at China spallation neutron source, which was established in the year of 2018. It is a powerful facility for nuclear data measurement, neutron detector calibration, and radiation effect research.

Method

A series of detectors were built for different experiments, including beam monitoring, beam profile measurement, neutron induced secondaries (fission fragments, light charged particles and gamma) cross section measurement, and neutron resonance radiography, etc. A common digitization electronics and a cluster-based DAQ were developed for these detector systems. Most detectors have been employed at Back-n and serviced for experiments from the beginning of the beamline running.

Results and conclusion

As an overview of detectors of Back-n, the details of the detector design and the experiment performing are described in this paper. Some developing systems, e.g., MTPC and B-MCP, are also included.
Study on gasification dephosphorization of phosphorus magnetite reduced by SiC
Authors: Luo Guo-Ping , Hao Shuai , He Teng , Zhang Jing , Ji Xiang-Hui
Published: January 2023

The mechanism of reduction and dephosphorization of phosphorus-containing magnetite was studied using SiC as reducing agent. The thermodynamic conditions for the reduction of Ca3(PO4)2 and Fe3O4 by SiC were simulated by FactSage7.1 thermodynamics software, respectively, indicating that the reduction of Ca3(PO4)2 by SiC is thermodynamically feasible, but the kinetic conditions of the system are not good when no liquid phase is formed. The Fe2SiO4 liquid phase can be formed by reducing Fe3O4 by SiC at 1200 ℃. When the SiC ratio is 10 wt.%, the liquid phase content is the largest, which can reach more than 60 wt.%. Therefore, in this paper, the Fe2SiO4 liquid phase generated by the reduction of Fe3O4 by SiC is used to improve the kinetic conditions of the reduction of Ca3(PO4)2 by SiC at high temperature, and relevant experiments were carried out. The research results show that the system generates a suitable amount of liquid phase at 1250 °C, and the gasification dephosphorization rate is the highest, which is 39.89 wt.%, at 1200 °C, the reduction reaction was not fully carried out, and the dephosphorization rate by gasification was only 23.79 wt.%. At 1300 °C, Fe3O4 was completely reduced to metallic Fe, which combined with the reduced P4 gas to form Fe2P. Gasification dephosphorization rate is only 28.25 wt.%.
Religion and Hate Crime Victimisation: A Representative Study of Young People in Finland
Authors: Litvak Sophie , Kivivuori Janne , Kaakinen Markus
Published: January 2023

Key societal macro-trends, such as immigration and the increasing salience of post-secular and identity-based religiosity, are converging to increase the relevance of religion in everyday life. Such developments call for a reassessment of the religion–victimisation link. We analyse the prevalence and severity patterns of hate victimisation in different groups defined by religion and explore the links between routine activities and lifestyle factors in hate crime victimisation. Our research site, Finland, is a country with a long history of religious homogeneity, recently interrupted by religious pluralisation. We draw on the 2020 sweep of the Finnish Self-Report Delinquency Study (FSRD), a nationally representative crime survey targeting 15–16-year-olds (N = 5482). We found that religiously unaffiliated and Muslim youths have an above-average risk of hate crime victimisation. There were some indications that the patterns of victimisation are different across religious denominations. For instance, Muslim youths were more likely to be attacked by adults. Hate crime victimisation risk was not mediated by routines and lifestyles. Independent of religion, there was, however, a strong and direct positive association between hate victimisation and a risky lifestyle, i.e. substance use and interaction with delinquent peers. Comparing the findings with assault victimisation, we observed that the results are largely specific to hate crime offending rather than assault victimisation in general. We discuss the findings from the perspective of criminological theory, future research needs, and policy implications.
Comprehensive exploration of spatial planning in Zhejiang Province
Authors: Chen Yong , Zhou Jun , Qian Jiawei
Published: January 2023

Zhejiang Province has been committed to the planning reform since the mid-1990s to adapt to economic and social transformation, urbanization and reform of administration system. The province has explored such comprehensive planning as urban system planning, integrated urban-rural planning, overall planning of county/city administrative area, and “multi-plan integration” planning in tandem. The efforts of Zhejiang have become one of the critical sources for developing our territorial spatial planning system after the government institutional reform. In the current practices of territorial spatial planning, Zhejiang has pursued further innovative exploration on optimizing urban-rural pattern, improving spatial quality, promoting spatial management and control, strengthening cross-border coordination, and developing intelligent planning in light of its foundations. By reviewing the history of Zhejiang’s comprehensive planning, the paper summarizes the overall development trend and related experiences in planning to provide insights and topics for further discussion for our current across-the-board territorial spatial planning.
PARADIGMS IN CRISIS: THE COVA DE MARCÓ (TIVISSA, TARRAGONA, CATALONIA) AND THE COEXISTENCE OF INCINERATION AND INHUMATION FUNERARY PRACTICES IN THE NORTHEASTERN IBERIAN PENINSULA DURING THE LATE BRONZE AGE
Authors: Vergès Josep Maria , Sardà Samuel , Diloli Jordi
Published: January 2023

Paradigms such as the coexistence of incineration and inhumation funerary practices in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula during the Late Bronze Age are supported by the association of human remains with elements of material culture as guiding fossils. One example is the association established by Salvador Vilaseca in 1939 between the human remains and grooved pottery discovered in the Cova de Marcó in Tivissa (Ribera d’Ebre, Catalonia). This association has been accepted until today and even become a paradigm for the mixing of autochthonism (inhumation rites) with the introduction of material novelties such as grooved pottery and incineration rites during the first period of the Late Bronze Age. Direct radiocarbon (14C) dating of human remains from the Cova de Marcó shows that the remains originate from the Chalcolithic period. This indicates that there is no relationship between the sepulchral episode and the grooved pottery associated with it and used to date it. This disputes the paradigm regarding the coexistence of these two funerary practices during the Late Bronze Age and invites scholars to conduct a critical review using absolute dating techniques directly on the human remains of similar cases in order to verify or disprove the paradigm’s validity.
Soya saponins and prebiotics alter intestinal functions in Ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta)
Authors: Zhou Weiwen , Lie Kai K. , Chikwati Elvis , Kousoulaki Katerina , Lein Ingrid , Sæle Øystein , Krogdahl Åshild , Kortner Trond M.
Published: January 2023

A 5-week feeding trial was conducted in the cleaner fish Ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) for a better understanding of the basic biology of the intestinal functions and health in this stomach less species. During the trial, Ballan wrasse was fed either a reference diet, the reference diet supplemented with (i) a commercial prebiotic (Aquate™ SG, 0·4 %) expected to have beneficial effects, (ii) soya saponins (0·7 %) expected to induce inflammation or (iii) a combination of the prebiotics and the soya saponins to find a remedy for gut inflammation. Blood, intestinal tissue and gut content from four consecutive intestinal segments (IN1 – IN4) were collected. No significant differences in fish growth were observed between the four dietary groups. Saponin supplementation, both alone and in combination with prebiotics, increased weight index of IN2 and IN3 and decreased blood plasma glucose, cholesterol and total protein. Dry matter of intestinal content and activity of digestive enzymes were not affected by diet. Histomorphological analyses revealed a progressing inflammation with increased infiltration by immune cells particularly into the distal parts of the intestine in fish fed diets with saponins, both alone and in combination with prebiotics. Gene expression profiles obtained by RNA sequencing and quantitative PCR mirrored the histological and biochemical changes induced by the saponin load. The study demonstrated that Ballan wrasse gut health and digestive function may be markedly affected by feed ingredients containing antinutrients.
Polypropylene microplastics affect the physiology in Drosophila model
Authors: Tang Hao , Zhong Lichao , Xu Yifan , Jin Zhishen , Pan Zhihao , Shen Jie
Published: January 2023

Microplastics (MPs) pollution has been a hot research topic in recent years. MPs are ubiquitous throughout the ecological environment and are eventually accumulated in organisms through inhalation or ingestion. However, given that MPs are inert pollutants, their effects on organisms are not clear. In previous study, we have investigated the effects of polyethylene terephthalate MPs on physiology of Drosophila. What is the effect of polypropylene microplastics (PP-MPs)? The results of our experiments show that being exposed to high concentration of PP-MPs have significant effect on Drosophila. PP-MPs exposure can significantly increase locomotor activity and shorten the time of group sleep in Drosophila. In the presence of high concentrations of PP-MPs, the triglyceride content was reduced in females and their ability of egg production was affected. However, there was no significant effect on the level of protein and carbohydrate, or on the food intake. Our experimental results can provide some preliminary data for assessing the potential hazard of PP-MPs to other organisms.
Telephone versus face-to-face clinics for the management of new rhinology referrals: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Metcalfe C , Mughal Z , Beech T
Published: January 2023

Objective

This study aimed to compare outcomes of telephone and face-to-face consultations for new rhinology referrals and discuss the wider use of telemedicine in rhinology.

Method

This was a retrospective cohort study of new rhinology referrals seen in either a telephone or face-to-face clinic. Primary outcome was the proportion of patients given a definitive outcome at initial appointment (discharged or added to waiting list) versus those requiring follow up.

Results

A total of 137 patients (70 telephone, 67 face-to-face) were included. A total of 45 of 67 patients (67 per cent) undergoing a face-to-face consultation received a definitive outcome following initial review, versus 11 of 70 (16 per cent) telephone patients. Of 70 telephone patients 57 (81 per cent) were followed up face-to-face for examination.

Conclusion

The role of telephone clinics in the assessment of new rhinology referrals is currently limited by the lack of clinical examination. Further research on developing remote assessment pathways that incorporate asynchronous review of recorded examinations are needed before telemedicine can become established within the rhinology clinic.
Sex ratios, damage and distribution ofMyrianthus holstiiEngl.: a dioecious afromontane forest tree
Authors: Kissa David Ocama , Ssali Fredrick , Sheil Douglas
Published: January 2023

Male and female dioecious tropical trees are subjected to distinct demands that may influence their ecology. An example isMyrianthus holstiiEngl. that produces persistent fruit eaten by elephants and other large mammals that frequently damage the trees.Myrianthus holstiipopulations were assessed with 24 2-km transects, spanning an elevation range of 1435–2495 m in the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda. Of 1089 stems ≥ 5 cm diameter 449 were female, 383 were male and the rest were non-fertile. We also noted one apparently monoecious individual. Males produced flowers at smaller sizes than did females (minimum recorded diameters 5.5 cm and 6.8 cm, respectively). Both sexes had similar distributions, favouring moderately closed forest and mid-slope locations. Female trees were more frequently damaged and typically slightly shorter than males at large diameters. Seedling densities were positively associated with the presence of larger female trees. Our results are consistent with a life history where both sexes have similar requirements, but fruiting females experience a greater frequency of severe damage.
The Cultural Governance of Death in Shenzhen
Authors: Guo Man , Herrmann-Pillath Carsten
Published: January 2023

For decades, funeral reform has been a key concern for cultural governance in China as the state has attempted to manage “feudal” and “superstitious” practices and economize resources such as land devoted to cemeteries. We analyse the status of funeral reforms in Shenzhen, combining general observations with a case study of an urban village. We show how the business of funeral service providers mediates between cultural governance and grassroots-level needs and demands, resulting in distinct forms of ritual hybridization. In the case of native villagers, we observe the bifurcation of rituals at the central municipal parlour and at the home of the deceased. For understanding the adaptability of death rituals under the regime of cultural governance, it is essential to distinguish between funeral rites and their modular structure on the one hand, and rites for the disposal of the body on the other.
Threats and Premonitions: German Intellectual Debates on Antisemitism in 1932
Authors: Unger-Alvi Simon
Published: January 2023

This article evaluates intellectual debates on antisemitism in Germany in 1932, the last year before the establishment of Nazi dictatorship. The focus is on understudied cases of journals and books, in which both Jewish and National Socialist authors published right next to each other and on the same pages. In this context, the article makes three arguments: first, it analyses apologetic themes by right-wing authors and shows that a significant number of National Socialists still pretended that they were not actually antisemitic in 1932. Second, it reflects on the problem that Jewish intellectuals often disagreed on how to respond to the rise of antisemitism and thus entered into very different forms of debate with the German right. Finally, and perhaps paradoxically, the article also demonstrates that Weimar media had simultaneously developed an acute awareness of future threats and the possibility of large-scale atrocities on German territory.