bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interoperable CNC Machine via Function Block and STEP-NC Data Model for Milling Operation
Authors: Elias D.M. , Yusof Y. , Minhat Mohammad
Published: November 2012

The Function Block Development Kit (FBDK) platform proposed for STEP-NC controller architecture . It can be used to create an open CNC architecture on ISO 14649 and Function Block (IEC 61499). This offers interoperability, portability, and adaptability. The proposed framework consists of three main modules: (1) STEP-NC Interface, (2) Simulator, and (3) Communication. The system will be implemented in CNC controller on actual milling machine. It will simplify the design of CNC machine controller with the architecture layers responsible for data processing, data storage, execution and feedback. This paper also discusses towards the requirements for global interoperable manufacturing for real-life machining system with the architecture layers responsible for data storage, data processing, and execution.
Development of Antilock Braking System Based on Various Intelligent Control System
Authors: Aparow Vimal Rau , Fauzi Ahmad , Hassan Muhammad Zahir , Hudha Khisbullah
Published: November 2012

This paper presents about the development of an Antilock Braking System (ABS) using quarter vehicle model and control the ABS using different type of controllers. Antilock braking system (ABS) is an important part in vehicle system to produce additional safety for drivers. In general, Antilock braking systems have been developed to reduce tendency for wheel lock and improve vehicle control during sudden braking especially on slippery road surfaces. In this paper, a variable structure controller has been designed to deal with the strong nonlinearity in the design of ABS controller. The controllers such as PID used as the inner loop controller and Fuzzy Logic as outer loop controller to develop as ABS model to control the stopping distance and longitudinal slip of the wheel.
Natural Ventilation in Workshop with Different Horizontal Arrangement of Heat Source
Authors: Su Ya Xin , Wan Xin
Published: November 2012

The natural ventilation in a heating workshop with different horizontal arrangement of heat source was numerically simulated based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. Realizable k- turbulent model was used to calculate the air flow and temperature distribution. Simulation results showed that the horizontal arrangement of the heat source in the workshop influenced heavily the air flow and temperature distribution. When the heat source was placed at the workshop centre, the heat distribution factor was minimal, the average air temperature at operation zone was lowest and the hot air exhausting velocity was highest, the air flow field and temperature distribution was reasonable for the natural ventilation. When the heat source was placed to be close to the air inlet opening, the fresh air would travel a short path and directly rise to exit and the fresh air did not reach to the right part of the workshop, leading to a possible accumulation of pollutant emission there. When the heat source was placed at the right side of the workshop, the benefit would be that the possible pollutant could be taken away by the air flow, however, the ventilation rate decreased.
Influence of Substrate Bias Voltage on Properties of Medium-Frequency Magnetron Sputtering WS2 Soft Coatings
Authors: Lian Yun Song , Deng Jian Xin , Li Shi Peng , Yan Guang Yuan , Cheng Hong Wei
Published: November 2012

WS2 soft coatings were deposited by medium-frequency magnetron sputtering, multi-arc ion plating and ion beam assisted deposition technique on the YT15 cemented carbide substrates. The influence of the substrate bias voltage on the coating properties has been studied. The coatings exhibited a dense and fine grained structure. WS2 soft coatings with substrate bias voltage of -100 V revealed a better coating properties than other four samples, as the best crystallization of (002) preferred crystal orientation of Ⅱ texture, the most smooth and uniform microstructure of the coating, the largest critical load of 43.25 N and the largest coating thickness of 1.5 μm. But the microhardness of sample S1 was only 515.4 Hv. The critical load and the thickness of WS2 coatings decreased firstly, then increased, and finally reduced with the increasement of substrate bias voltage. And the microhardness of the coatings decreased firstly, then increased, and decreased, finally increased with the increasement of substrate bias voltage.
Computational Model of Work Roll Temperature Distribution during Hot Strip Rolling Process
Authors: Li Xing Dong , Shan Yan Xia , Guo Chang Hong
Published: November 2012

Computational models of deformation and friction work were established by dividing contact arc between strip and work roll into two sliding regions, two braking regions and one stagnating region. A two dimensional temperature field model of work roll was established by finite difference method according to practical boundary conditions. Simulation results show that with the increase of rolling pass, deformation work reduced while friction work increased, except that deformation and friction works at the last pass were the least. The computed rolling forces and work roll surface temperatures agree well with measured values collected from a hot strip mill.
The Development of Hydraulic Mulberry Shoots Trimmer Intended for Micro-Farming Equipment
Authors: Wu De Lin , Mao Xin , Xu Jia Ping
Published: November 2012

Aimed at relieve the human labor intensity, boost work efficiency and lower production costs, a hydraulic mulberry trimmer is developed, which is introduced in this article. Specifically, the cutting principles and motion parameters are analyzed in the processing of trimming, and then the feasibility of the selective parameters are verified though the cutting experiments on mulberry shoots and the calculation of the cutting force.
Development of Energy-Saving Water and Electricity Separation Electromagnetic Heating Sink
Authors: Wu Shun Wei , Wei Qiang , Hu Cheng Zhong , Cao Hui Guo
Published: November 2012

This paper analyzed the disadvantages in current heating sink, which includes the waste of water and electric power, and hazardous elements to the staff. This paper proposed a new water and electricity separation energy-saving heating sink. This kind of heating sink could improve the water and electric power efficiency, as well as safety performance. The heating system of sink was improved by analyzing the electromagnetic heating method, the bottom structure of the sink, and the dirt discharge method.
Process Parameter Determination of AZ31B Sheet Forming under Mechanical Press
Authors: Gao Jun , Zhang Cheng Lin , Lin Shu Xia , Ruan Li Qun
Published: November 2012

At present, most studies on magnesium alloy sheet forming were carried under hydraulic press. In this paper, differential temperature forming of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet under the J23-63 mechanical press were carried out. Through an orthogonal test about studying the influence of process parameters on AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet drawing, some conclusions were drawn, which are: the influence of drawing temperature on sheet forming is the biggest, then the drawing die clearance, and lubricant respectively; the optimal process parameters combination is drawing temperature of 310°C, 1.10t die clearance, and 8mm die radius in this test.
Drawing Behaviors of ME20 and ZE10 Sheets under Mechanical Press
Authors: Lin Shu Xia , Gao Jun , Gong Jan Hong , Zhang Cheng Lin
Published: November 2012

The drawability of ME20 and ZE10 magnesium alloys sheets under mechanical press were investigated. The deep drawing experiment was tried out based on research production of AZ31 sheet forming. The forming temperature range of two sheets was obtained, and the ZE10 magnesium alloys sheets were formed well at lower temperature than ME20 alloy. The microstructures of ME20 consisted of fine grains and precipitates did not change evidently during the drawing process. The equiaxed grains of ZE10 included a great deal of twinning were refined obviously. The drawability was related with alloy compositions and grain size. The fractures were observed through SEM to probe the fracture mechanism of two sheets.
Numerical Simulation of Coal Oil Water Slurry Gasification Process in New-Type Coal Water Slurry Gasifier
Authors: Yu Hai Long , Wang Feng Kun , Zhang Gui Fang , Liu Jian Zhong
Published: November 2012

The gasification process of coal oil water (COW) slurry in new-type coal water slurry(CWS) gasification furnace was studied with numerical simulation method. The temperature and concentration fields were obtained for the gasification furnace. The simulated results showed that the gasification effect of the new-type coal water slurry gasification is better than the common coal water slurry gasification. In the new-type gasification furnace, the average temperature is slightly increased and the carbon translative ratio is increased by 1.81%. The effective component (CO+H2) in coal gas at the outlet of the furnace is increased by 10.58%, and the concentration of CO2 and H2O is greatly decreased. The H2O dissolution ratio is greatly increased and the gasification effect is obviously better that that of the common coal water slurry.
Biocide Screening of Secondary Effluent of Sewage Treatment Plant directly Reused in Power Plant Circulating Cooling Water System and the Study on its Properties
Authors: Qiu Wen , Xu Pei Yao , Dong Xiao Bei , Zhang Fan
Published: November 2012

In this paper, three biocides with different mechanism were chosen to carry static test on screening from single formulation to complex formulation and bactericidal properties. The results showed that the most bactericidal biocide was isothiazolone, and the last was steady chlorine dioxide. The optimum concentration of three biocides in single formulation were isothiazolone10 mg/L, quarternary amine salt 20 mg/L and steady chlorine dioxide 20 mg/L separately. As the best complex formulation, P with optimum concentration of isothiazolone5 mg/L and steady chlorine dioxide10 mg/L, was verified as harmless for environment and also effective inhibition growth of microorganism by dynamic test.
Sub-Index Derivation of Welding Health-Hazard Index (WHI) for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia
Authors: Hariri Azian , Yusof Mohammad Zainal M. , Leman Abdul Mutalib
Published: November 2012

Malaysia is a developing nation and the manufacturing sector is the major contributor to the Malaysian economy. In the year 2009, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) contribute to 28,840 establishments which represented 94.2 percent of the total establishments in the manufacturing sector in Malaysia. Welding is a common industrial process in manufacturing sector that has both acute and long term chronic hazards mainly from the inhalable welding fumes. Welding fumes assessment in SMEs welding workplace is essential in order to ensure the minimum level of exposure is maintained as required by the prevailing standards. However, providing concentration or emission information alone is insufficient and meaningless to the workers and company management. There is an urgent need to develop an index which served as a ranking tool in comparing environmental condition at different location and to simplify complex health hazard issues of welding fumes that can be comprehended easily by the workers and company management. Preliminary ideas on the derivation of the sub-index from rating of health effect, mixture hazard, doses and weightage of metal fumes element were outlined in this paper. At the end of this paper, future works regarding aggregation factor and verification of the index were also discussed.
External Setup in SMED Improvement in an Injection Molding Manufacturing Company
Authors: Nee Low Shye , Hou Chong Siu , Yee Sim Hui , Razalli Solehhudin , Kamaruddin Shahrul
Published: November 2012

The purpose of the paper is to determine the applicability of external setup preparation activities of Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED) in reducing setup time. Improving the external setup preparation of SMED leads a better and effective working performance. To improve the effectiveness of the external setup in SMED, it is concerned particularly with changing the internal activities into external activities and improving the current external activities. The process failure mode and effect analysis (PFMEA) adopted to analyze the problem faced of external set up process.The verification of the methods is done by an application a plastic injection molding manufacturing process where setup times are critical for time reduction.
Comparison of STEP-NC with ISO6983 in Terms of Manufacturing Interoperability
Authors: Afsharhanaei Ali. , Leman Zulkiflle , Ismail N.
Published: November 2012

Nowadays, the research scope of Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) vendors is to provide an interoperable controller to the industry, which has a capability to deal with more intelligent systems. G-code (ISO6983) as an information processing system has been used over the years, but by the development of systems during the generation of computer in industry the shortcomings of this information processing system becomes visible. STEP-NC as a new standard is being developed to remove barriers of ISO6983 such as lack of manufacturing interoperability between CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC chains. In this paper, the lack of manufacturing interoperability between systems and solution in each one is reviewed, and then the case study has been developed to indicate power of STEP-NC in removing this barrier between different CNC’s.
Trend in Sustainability of Facility Design and Production Planning in Manufacturing
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Ali , Nosratabadi Amin , Nehzati Taravatsadat , Ismail Napsiah Binti
Published: November 2012

The sustainability concept today is at the front lines of new technologies in manufacturing, products and work methodology. Be a sustainable manufacturer is critical issue to the future of manufacturing system. Various efforts have been conducted around the world to ensure the sustainability of manufacturing system. This study addresses current trend in sustainable manufacturing by focus on two major elements, which are facility design and production planning. Critical challenges are listed and future trends have been discussed.
Integrated System for Denture Design and Manufacturing
Authors: Saidin Wahab , Kassim Noraniah , Yusof Yusri , Rajion Zainul Ahmad
Published: November 2012

This paper presents an integrated approach for denture (dental prosthesis) manufacturing process by integrating information from patient denture requirement, design flow and manufacturing activities. The aim is to produce a removable complete denture with high degree of precision, good quality of denture and rapid fabrication process. The method includes data acquisition, design process and teeth assembly of the denture that reduces the dependency on experienced craftsmen and reduces the time consumption in denture processing chain. The system also aims to reduce patient visiting times and consequently reduces the expenses. The basic system has been developed at the Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UTHM with the cooperation of the School of Dental Sciences, USM and Klinik Pergigian Batu Pahat, Johor. By implementing the integrated system, denture can be produced using centralize manufacturing facilities of several dental clinics and provide denture replacement services which can be delivered in 24hrs. Although the basic system has been tested and found very satisfactory result, there are development works and improvements are still needed in order for the system ready for commercialization.
Dynamic Response of Laminated Composite Cylindrical Shell Subjected to Pure Impact
Authors: Firouzabadi Farzin , Ayob Amran Bin , Moradpour M. , Heidarpour R. , Deirram Nayeleh
Published: November 2012

In contrast with all advantages of composite materials, susceptibility of these materials to impact damage became a major concern recently. The aim of this research is to investigate the dynamic response of laminated composite cylindrical shell subjected to pure impact numerically. For this purpose, the impact of a steel ball on composite cylinder is modeled in Abaqus software as a point load and the amount of radial deflection and contact force of the contact point on cylinder surface is recorded for whole period of contact motion. To validate the obtained results they were compared with the exactly the same model in published data. According to obtained results, both of radial deflection and contact force have a parabolic variation during the impact motion. The maximum radial deflection occurs when the striker has its maximum penetration and bouncing back motion is just about to start.
Characteristics of Heat Dissipation from a Block Heat Source Module in a Three-Dimensional Cabinet to Ambient Natural Convective Air Stream
Authors: Tsay Y.L. , Cheng J.C.
Published: November 2012

This study combined the numerical analysis and experimental measurement to investigate the conjugate conduction and natural convection for a block heat source module in a three-dimensional cabinet filled and surrounded by air. The effects of Rayleigh number Ra, module position C1, ratio of block to air thermal conductivities Kbf, and ratio of board to air thermal conductivities Kpf are examined. Moreover, efforts are carried out to explore the influence of thermal interaction between the air streams inside and outside the cabinet.
Corrosion Behavior of Sm-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses in Salt Solution
Authors: Li Lin Bo , Guo Jing , Lou Fei Peng
Published: November 2012

In this paper, the corrosion behaviors of Sm-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) were investigated by immersion test. It was found that with Co content increasing the ability of corrosion resistance of the alloy increases for Sm-based bulk metallic glasses. A comparison study was made on the corrosion behaviors between the glassy state alloys and crystalline alloys with the same ingredients. The results show that the glassy state alloy has the better corrosion resistance.
Comparison Research of Street Lamps: Characteristic Parameters and Lighting Performance of Light-Emitting Diodes, High Pressure Sodium Lamps and Ceramic Discharge Metal Halide Lamps
Authors: Li Min , Han Qiu Yi , Li Wei , Shi Shui Jun , Zhang Hao Jun , Liu Jie , Li Fu Sheng , Zhang Shan Duan
Published: November 2012

As a rapid developing solid state lighting, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have great potential in application of road lighting, but their performance evaluation in a long term are still lacked. In situ and laboratory measurements were conducted for the purpose of comparing the characteristic parameters and lighting performance of three kinds of street lamps: LEDs, high pressure sodium (HPS) lamps and ceramic discharge metal halide (CDM) lamps. The results of laboratory measurements in 2000 hours show the three kinds of lamps have almost the same initial luminaire efficacy, which lead to the average road illuminance is proportion to the lamp power. The results of road illuminance distribution measurements in 3000 hours show LEDs have better color rendering index, longitudinal uniformity of illuminance, and maintenance of road illuminance than HPS and CDM lamps.
Comparative Analysis on Noise Processing of Vacuum Switching Arc Images
Authors: Dong Hua Jun , Dong Wen Liang , Wang Dao Shun
Published: November 2012

In order to diagnose the arc shape and the plasma parameters of vacuum switching arc effectively, it is necessary to do digital image processing on the arc images. The noises interfere greatly in the digital image processing of the arc, it makes images fuzzy and submerges the characteristics of the images. In this paper, based on the methods of average filter, two dimensions wavelet filter, wiener filter, several images averaging filter and median filter are used to filter the salt and pepper noised arc images. Combined with the results, we have analyzed and compared the effects of different noises filtering methods.
The Atmospheric Propagation Simulation Characteristic of the Solar Blind Ultraviolet Light
Authors: Zhang Li Quan
Published: November 2012

In this paper, by using Monte Carlo method to study the Solar blind area in the near-Earth atmosphere ultraviolet non-line-of-sight propagation characteristics, and the use of Point to the probability method establish a rapid Monte Carlo model, this model can effectively simulate UV with complex boundary near Earth atmosphere system response function. Comparing with the single-scatter model it shows that, this model has higher accuracy and boundary processing ability. Simulation of obstacle on ultraviolet signal distribution effects, it shows that the UV signal has strong detouring ability. Different elevation on the UV signal propagation is analyzed, the simulation results are consistent with experimental results.
Using Grey System GM(1,1) Model to Predict the Drug-GPCRs Couples
Authors: Xiao Xuan , Min Jian Liang , Wang Pu
Published: November 2012

It is an important topic to find and identify molecular drug targets for modern drug research. Naturally, to find new or potential drug-GPCRs couples is very useful for determining the new effective medicine target, because GPCRs are among the most frequent targets of therapeutic drugs and proven evolutionary pharmacology value. To realize this, this paper incorporates chemical functional groups of drugs and grey model GM(1,1) based on digital coding of amino acids to formulate the drug-GPCRs couples for statistical prediction. The overall success rate using the fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm by the jackknife test is about 81%. This novel approach will further stimulate the development of scanning target via a computational approach.
Study on Calibration Technique of Commercial Vehicles SCR System Based on MAP Diagram
Authors: Yao Guang Tao , Deng Cheng Lin , Zi Xin Yun , Pang Hai Long , Guo Zi Rong
Published: November 2012

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technology is an effective measure to reduce NOx emissions of diesel for commercial vehicles. The purifying effect of Urea-SCR exhaust gas purification device is related to calibration of the parameter of urea control system. Based on MAP diagram , the calibration method of urea spray control system in Urea-SCR system was studied on. Through verifications of ESC and ETC,it is reflected that calibrated MAP diagram can effectively reduce NOx emissions of diesel if used in the control system and emissions could meet the standards of 4th and 5th stage national emission regulation.
Wavelet Based Separation for Synthetic Topographical Characterization of Surface Prepared by Abrasive Water Jet
Authors: Wu Song Lin , Valicek J.
Published: November 2012

To study the synthetic topographical characterization of surface created by abrasive water jet (AWJ) and carry out a detailed research for the process of surface creating, this paper researches the surface signals obtained both by contact profiler and a new developed optical instrument. Through wavelet decomposition and re-construction of surface signal, surface features, such as form error, waviness and roughness are separated rationally. Some fundamental issues, such as the selection of wavelet bases and the determination of wavelet decomposition level are discussed in detail.
Bionic Shape Design of Quantify Products Based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Guo Nan Chu
Published: November 2012

Bionic shape design based on genetic research could inherent and improve the positive parts of present product shape and absorb the natural characters from the biological shape, which provide a new quantifying shape design method for the designers. Based on a simple example of clip shape and shark shape, this essay realize the quantifying process of bionic shape design based on MATLAB platform through a process which firstly deal with the pre-process, scilicet proportional zooming for the creature shape model, identification of the chromosome and adaptability function rules, and then realize the process based on crossover rules and mutation rules on MATLAB.
Exergoeconomic Analysis of Parallel Polygeneration System with CO-Riched Gas once through
Authors: Hao Yan Hong , Feng Jie
Published: November 2012

Polygeneration energy systems have been widely accepted because of their superiority over conventional stand-alone plants in energy efficiency and emissions control. Coal-based polygeneration system, especially producing methanol and electricity, will play an important role in Chinese sustainable developing energy system. Researches indicate that the parallel polygeneration system producing methanol and electricity with CO-riched gas once through (PCGOT) has higher comprehensive profitability and higher reliability, but the systemic and objective evaluation to PCGOT is lacking. In this paper, the matrix mode exergoeconomic method is adopted to analyze the PCGOT. Some indices, such as exergy cost coefficient, unit exergoeconomic cost, cost difference and exergoeconomic coefficient, etc. are calculated and analyzed by using exergoeconomics theory. Based on the analysis, the direction for further improvement is pointed out, and the energy flows with different qualities in different parts of system are given the rationally fixed prices. The calculated electricity cost is 0.22RMB/ (kW•h) and methanol cost 1118RMB/t while coal price is 500 RMB/t. In addition, the coal price sensitivity analysis is conducted, the results show that when the coal price reaches 800RMB/t, the electricity cost is higher than Shanxi province average on-grid power tariff 0.304RMB/ (kW•h) in 2011, when the coal price reaches 1000RMB/t, the methanol cost is higher than methanol factory prices 2000RMB/t at present.
Risk Assessment of Transmission Lines Based on Complex Network and Fuzzy Probability
Authors: Liu Peng , Zhang Qing Chao , Zhang Xiao Tian
Published: November 2012

This paper proposed an innovative way based on the complex network theory and fuzzy mathematics. A new index is introduced to evaluate the performance of power lines, which is more consistent with the physical characteristics of the actual power system. Fuzzy mathematics is proposed to the risk assessment in order to describe the uncertainty of the grid. This method considers both the membership degree of lines and the probability of failure. The result not only can determine the influence of the line, but also analyze the sphere of the fault line in power grid. This method is illustrated in the IEEE-39-bus, which demonstrates its effectiveness.
Analysis on Slagging Property of Coal-Fired Boiler and the Countermeasures
Authors: Wang Chao Yang , Lu Xiao , Wei Gang , Yang Shou Wei
Published: November 2012

Slagging in furnace is a multiple problem that affects the safety, reliability and economy of unit operation in the coal-fired power plant. This paper focused on the cause, hazards and preventive measures of the slagging problem, and then gave the corresponding measures on slagging examples in one power plant by researching deeply on factors that might cause slagging.
The Study on Establishing the Baseline Mode of Coal Mine Area Soil Heavy Metal Pollution
Authors: Shi Long Qing , Ni Dao Kun , Cheng Jian Guang
Published: November 2012

The earth's crust Cluck value, the shale abundance value, the sandstone abundance value and so on may become in the weight earth's crust in the different land sector and the rock type the element centralism dispersible standard, becomes the more general geochemistry reference baseline, but uses the above baseline the shortcoming not to consider the natural geochemistry change. When specific area, under the specific geological background conducts the environment geochemistry research, uses the above geochemistry reference baseline the limitation to be more obvious. On the contrary, the environment geochemistry baseline represents in the humanity moves disturbs the local some place prompt survey the element density, is in the research or in monitor plan some specific time some medium the element density, usually is not in the true sense background. Therefore uses the science reasonable method determination soil environment geochemistry baseline, by determined the chemical element nature distribution the spatial variation, is understood the surface environmental pollution and the worsened degree, forecast and monitors the whole world environmental variation the foundation. Therefore, carries out the geochemistry baseline research is an extremely urgent duty. This article will use the statistical method to establish in the Yanzhou mining area surface layer soil heavy metal element As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn environment geochemistry baseline.
Research on Tidal Drainage Effect of Confined Aquifer
Authors: Liao Xin , Liu Chun Ping , Shi Yun , Tang Yan Dong , Wan Fei , Bai Xiang Dong
Published: November 2012

Tidal drainage effect of confined aquifer is important to well tide interesting many relevant researchers. Through tidal analysis of water level monitoring in Chuan06 well, this paper explored the tidal drainage effect of the confined aquifer and its influence on the well tide. It indicated that: the changes in phase shift (η) and amplitude response (A) were attributed to the changes in transmissivity (T) rather than that in storativity (S), and the tidal drainage effect of isotropic aquifer could be effectively described by Hsieh model.
Near Infrared Cut-Off Characteristics of Various Perovskite-Based Composite Films
Authors: Kim Jae Young , Jeong Seung Yong , Shin Gyo Jic , Lee Sang Kug , Choi Kyung Ho
Published: November 2012

Homogenous cesium tungsten tri-oxide (CsxWO3) and molybdenum tri-oxide (Cs0.33MoO3) powder was prepared by solvothermal reaction using (NH4)10H2(W2O7)6, H8MoN2O4 and Cs2CO3 aqueous solution followed by annealing. The cesium doped tungsten tri-oxide (CsxWO3) and the cesium doped molybdenum tri-oxide (CsxMoO3) nanocomposite films was deposited by the sol-gel bar-coating method onto PET-film (polyethylene terephthalate film, thickness 186 ㎛) substrate. The structure and sizes of ceramic particles was observed XRD and PSA spectrometer, the optical properties of their films were investigated by UV-VIS, NIR spectrometer. Synthesized particles typically formed cubic structure for good absorption of NIR, size observed as being 30-100 nm and 3 nanoparticles showed a high transmittance in the visible wavelength region as well as excellent shielding capability of near-infrared (NIR) wavelength, indicating that CsxWO3, Cs0.33MoO3 nanoparticles have a appropriate characteristic as solar filter applications.
Layer-by-Layer Surface Modification of Fruits with Edible Nano-Coatings
Authors: Kittitheeranun Paveenuch , Dubas Stephan Thierry , Dubas Luxsana
Published: November 2012

A new method for the surface modification of the surface of fruits based on the Layer-by-Layer (LbL) deposition of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEM) is presented. Mangoes fruits were coated by sequential dipping in solutions of either Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), (PDADMAC) or Poly(styrene sulfonate sodium salt) (PSS). After the deposition of only few polyelectrolyte layers, the skin of the fruits was changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic as shown by contact angles measurements decreasing from 90 to 10. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to confirm the deposition of the PEM coating on the fruit which was then used as a matrix to load curcumin as model compound. Ultraviolet Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy was used to evaluate the amount of a curcumin loaded on the fruit surface as a function of the thickness of the film by indirect leaching in ethanol. This coating method provides a new approach to dope active compound on the fruit surface such as anti-oxidant, fragrance, color and other nutriment which could increase the market value of fruits.
Disaster Management Issues in Ad-Hoc and WSNs with Healthcare and Communications Viewpoints
Authors: Edam Salaheldin Mohamed , Kang Gui Xia
Published: November 2012

In recent years wireless ad-hoc and sensor network’s applications in disaster have drawn a lot of attention from both research and industry. Therefore, in order to improve the estimations that necessary for useful decision making for disaster personnel; this paper addresses disaster management issues in ad-hoc and WSNs with healthcare and communications viewpoints. We attempt to lift and discuss these issues and get some solutions to them. Accordingly, the theoretical bit error rate (BER) performances of four modes of quadratic-amplitude modulation (QAM) versus phase shift keying (PSK) is obtained, in which QAM performance is better than PSK. Moreover, the simulation results showed the BER performance of 16-mode for the two modulation techniques under AWGN and fading channel. According to the simulation results, we observed that at and in AWGN, the 16-QAM required 4dB less than PSK, but its performance in the fading channel not efficient. Furthermore, the evaluation of performance proves that the using of diversity order enhances the performance in the fading channel more and more.
Airline Revenue Management: Optimization Using Origin-Destination Strategy Controlled by Nested Heuristics
Authors: Raj Ajyuk J. , Nithyanandam Ganesh Kumar , Jayaraj S.
Published: November 2012

Effective revenue management practice can be the single most important factor in distinguishing between success and failure of an airline and spell the difference between profitability and loss for a particular flight. This paper deals with usage of Deterministic Linear Program to optimize the network as a whole and uses LINGO to solve the DLP as it has 120 variables and 127 constraints and is impossible to solve manually. Optimization strategies taken into consideration are: Leg Based Expected Margins, Seat Revenue (EMSR), and Deterministic Linear Program (DLP). In the seat inventory control process Nested Heuristics is used for an improved and accurate result.
Manufacturing and Innovation Ability Education of University Students Majored in Mechanical Engineering
Authors: Sun Jiang , Xiao Qi
Published: November 2012

How to boost the manufacturing and innovation ability of university students majored in mechanical engineering is explored by vast number of teachers. With the deep-going of teaching reform, most teachers have made some positive explorations in practice teaching. The paper introduces some explorations in practice teaching, ranged from refining teaching contents in class to, elaborating practice teaching links and designing projects for innovation and the objective of those exploration is to boost the manufacturing and innovation ability of students. Practice proves those explorations are effective for educating students’ manufacturing and innovation ability.
Audio Watermarking Based on Wavelet Transform
Authors: Osman Mahmoud A. , Ali Nasser H.
Published: November 2012

The process of hiding the information like text, binary image, audio etc. into another signal source like image, audio etc. is called watermarking. The approach involved in watermarking the binary image signal in the wavelet domain of the audio signal was implemented using MATLAB. In this paper, we propose a Discrete Wavelet Transform low frequency to high frequency. Besides, the high frequency spectrum is less sensitive to human ear. That is the reason why the high frequency component is usually discarded in the compression process. Therefore, information to be hidden can be embedded into the low frequency component to against the compression attack. The characteristic of this scheme is that the user can not only use the DAW to embed the text file in to the audio but also binary image. In this paper we embeds copyright information into audio files as a proof of their ownership, we propose an effective, robust, and an inaudible audio watermarking algorithm. The effectiveness of the algorithm has been brought by virtue of applying the discrete wavelets transform (DWT) . Experimental results will be presented in this paper to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Behavior of Pulverized Coal Combustion in Air and in O2/CO2 Condition
Authors: Adi Surjosatyo Cahyadi , Nugroho Yulianto S.
Published: November 2012

Oxyfuel combustion is one of promising clean coal technologies for capturing CO2. Different environment in oxyfuel combustion between air condition and O2/CO2 condition is required to be studied. Thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer was used to study the behavior of pulverized coal in different O2/CO2 environments. The burning process of pulverized coal in O2/CO2 environment was relative similar until burning the volatile matter and then combustion was delayed in burning the char compared with that in O2/N2 environment at the same oxygen concentration. In case of the oxygen concentration increase, the burning rate of coal increases and burnout time is shortened. The species in flue gas including H2O, CO2, CO, CH4, SO2 and NO during burning test in TGA were determined and analyzed using the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. Compared with pulverized coal combustion in O2/N2 condition, much more CO is produced in O2/CO2 coal combustion process.
A Fundamental Study on the Prediction of Preheating Temperature of Silicon Nitride Ceramics by Using HPDL
Authors: Kim Kwang Sun , Lee Choon man
Published: November 2012

Silicon nitride ceramic has been used in various engineering applications such as bearings, rollers, and exhaust valves for automobiles because of its corrosion resistance, high-temperature strength and low density. LAM (Laser assisted machining) has recently been considered as an alternative and effective process for machining ceramic materials. The laser heat sources in laser assisted milling processes are irregularly varied according to shapes of workpieces. Therefore, prediction and analysis of preheating temperature is difficult. In this study, the thermal analysis and experiment were performed to evaluate the surface temperature distribution of silicon nitride according to laser power. In addition, the preheating temperature was predicted by analyzing the results of the thermal analysis.
Mechanical Response of Laminated Composite Cylindrical Shell Subjected to Radial Patch Loading
Authors: Firouzabadi Farzin , Ayob Amran , Teshnizi S. Sharifi , Sharifishourabi G.
Published: November 2012

Due to significant amount of applications in industries, composite materials and structures are subjected to many different types of loading. One of the most common types of these loading is radial patch loading. Due to the complexity, calculation of radial shell deflection is the main character of the cylinder behavior when subjected to patch loading. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanical behavior of composite cylindrical shell subjected to radial patch loading. The radial deflection of the laminated shell is investigated in detail where analytical and finite element methods (FEM) are used. The results through both approaches are compared to validate the accuracy of the analytical method. This is followed by a parametric study to determine the effect of some operation parameters on radial displacement. The results show close agreement between the analytical and numerical methods.
Optimization of the Frontal Rail Based on Composite Material
Authors: Yu Hong Tao , Liu Lei , Zhao Gui Fan , Zhang Zi Peng
Published: November 2012

Frontal rail constructed of composite material was researched, in order to improving vehicle safety performance in frontal crash as well as lightweight of vehicle. Compliance to FMVSS 208, the vehicle frontal crash was simulated using the finite element model of the full vehicle. The occupant head injury was analyzed by sled test using crash pulse. Then, the composite material parameters which have the best function of reducing the occupant head injury value were studied by using orthogonal test method. Using this kind of composite materials, the occupant safety protection was effectively improved and the weight of the frontal rail was greatly reduced.
Study on Particulate Accumulated Characteristics of Diesel Particulate Filter
Authors: Jiang Da Hai , Yao Guang Tao , Zi Xin Yun , Liu Hong Wei , Mao Ming
Published: November 2012

The paper has carried out numerical simulation and experimental study on the pressure loss of filter. Based on pressure loss model of filter, research methods of particulate accumulated characteristics has proposed according to the exhaust flow, exhaust temperature and exhaust back pressure. Meanwhile, the model is important for the online calculation of accumulated particulate matters in the filters and failure monitoring of diesel particulate filter.
Response of Blade Thickness to Hydraulic Performance of Stamping and Welding Multistage Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Mu Jie Gang , Zhu Bo , Zheng Shui Hua , Gan Jian Jun
Published: November 2012

Based on CFD numerical simulation, the effect of blade thickness on hydraulic performance was studied in DQ100-64-22 stamping and welding centrifugal pump. Six types of impellers with different blade thickness were assembled in the same pump to be investigated under design condition. The result indicates that both of head and efficiency are getting lower with the increase of blade thickness. Particularly, the downward trend is more striking when the blade thickness surpasses 2mm, but pump head decreases more gently than efficiency as the blade thickness increasing within 2mm.
Study on Accelerated Corrosion Electrochemical Behavior of Q235B Steel in Sea Water
Authors: Liu Yong , Tong Xing Hua , Li Bao Guo , Wang Yan Gang , Zhu Lin Sen
Published: November 2012

In order to study the corrosion behavior of Q235B steel in seawater at Weihai, the indoor simulated and accelerated corrosion test is carried out by adding H2O2 in seawater. Tafel polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques are employed to investigate the corrosion electrochemical behavior of Q235B steel. Polarization curves and EIS are acquired by electrochemical workstation. From polarization curves, it is found that the corrosion rate rises rapidly during the initial period, and it becomes highest on the 3rd day, then drops, and tends to be stable after about 15 days. After that, the corrosion rate reduces slowly due to the covering effect of corrosion products, and then the conclusion is confirmed by EIS analysis. Analytical results indicate that the rust layer plays a positive role of hindering the corrosion process.
Verification of Surface Finish as an Indicator of Machinability in Drilling of Stainless Steel by DIN 1.4301
Authors: Jurko Jozef , Panda Anton
Published: November 2012

This article presents conclusions of machinability tests on new austenitic stainless steels DIN 1.4301 and verified with software of CA-X systems. This article presents the results of experiments that concerned the verification of machined surface conditions of workpieces from a austenitic stainless steel DIN 1.4301 and cutting tool wear. The results of cutting zone evaluation under cutting conditions (cutting speed vc=50 m/min, depth of cut ap= 2.75 mm and feed f= 0.06 mm per rev.) are a definition of shear level angle and the texture angle. For DIN 1.4301 steel Φ1 is 38°. The acquired results are interesting in that for the defined conditions we can achieve a quality outer surface after cutting with roughness parameters down to around 0.82 µm.
A New Method of Calculating the State Feedback Gain Vector of Vibration Control System
Authors: Yang Ming , Zhang De Chen , Zhou Xin Xiang
Published: November 2012

Using the random model, the vibration control problem of structures with uncertain parameters is discussed, which is approximated by a deterministic one. The feedback gain matrix is determined based on the deterministic systems, and then it is applied to the actual uncertain systems. A method to calculate the standard deviations for responses of the closed-loop systems with the uncertain parameters is presented by using the random perturbation. This method is applied to a vibration system to illustrate the application. The numerical results show that the present method is effective.
The Reliability of Solder Joints in Fine Pitch 3-D Stack Package by Taguchi Method
Authors: Chen Ching I , Liu Yu Zhen , Chen Jian Wei
Published: November 2012

To achieve high density and high performance, through-Silicon Vias (TSVs) have recently aroused much interest because it is a key enabling technology for three-dimensional (3-D) integrated circuit stacking and silicon interposer technology. In this study, a 3-D 1/8th symmetrical nonlinear finite element model of a stack die TSV package was developed using ANSYS finite element simulation. The model was used to optimize the package for robust design and to determine design rules to enhance 3-D stack package in view of bump reliability. An L8(2×7) Taguchi matrix was developed to investigate the effects of interposer thickness, TSV diameter, insulation (SiO2) thickness, chip thickness, substrate thickness, bump height, and bump diameter on bumps reliability. A temperature cycling test in the range of 0 °C to 100 °C was conducted by three cycles. The mechanical property of SAC leadless solder included time independent plastic and time dependent creep behaviors. The parameter of inelastic strain range of the third cycle was used to evaluate the bump life prediction. Two levels were chosen for each parameter to cover the ranges of interest. The results show that the smaller insulation (SiO2) and substrate thickness and the larger dimension for the other factors provide the best combination. These could be used as guides for further similar 3-D stack packages design.
Study on the Reflecting Properties of PET Composites with TiO2, Glass Beads and Fluorescent Brightener
Authors: Ji Hong Yan , Liu Ying , Zheng Xiu Ting , Meng Li Min , Wu Da Ming , Xu Hong
Published: November 2012

Subscript textIn this paper the influence of glass beads (GB), Fluorescent Brightener (FB), titanium dioxide (TiO2) on light reflecting performance of PET was studied. The composites of PET, GB, FB, and TiO2 were prepared by twin screw extruder. The dispersive characterization of GB with diameter of 20μm to 90μm was observed by the optical microscope and the reflective properties of injected sample of PET composites were evaluated by experiment. The results show that GB are dispersed homogeneously in PET matrix and the reflectivity of the PET/GB samples increase with the decrease of the diameter of GB. Introduction of FB in PET/GB composites leads to the increase of the reflective light within wavelength from 400 to 600nm, increasing by 10%. By adding TiO2 into PET, the reflectivity of PET composites could be increased over 80%. And by adding FB into PET/TiO2 composites, the reflectivity of PET/TiO2/FB within wavelength from 400 to 600nm could be increased up to 110% , due to fluorescent brightening.
Research on Equivalent Bending Stiffness of Conical Inflated Beam
Authors: Tan Hui Feng , Du Zhen Yong
Published: November 2012

The conical inflated beams have steady bending stiffness before wrinkles appear according to experimental load-deflection curve, then the deflection distribute function is derived based on the differential function of deflection with variable bending stiffness. The equivalent bending stiffness is presented while the conical inflated beam equates to cylindrical inflated beam, according to the deflection formula of beam, the model of equivalent bending stiffness of conical inflated beams is obtained. Comparing the equivalent bending stiffness of conical inflated beams between theoretical model and Experiment results, it is found that they agree with each other well.