bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kur’ân İlimlerinden el-Vücûh ve’n-Nazâir /
A Quranic Science: al-Vucuuh va’n-nazair
Authors: Zavalsiz Halit
Published: March 2016

 A Quranic Science: al-Vucuuh va’n-nazair

Abstract

Qur’an is a verbal and semantic miracle due to the fact that it is Allah’s word. If the mankind and the jinns were together to produce the like of this Qur'an, they could not produce the like thereof, even the shortest chapter of it and even if they helped one another. That is because Allah’s Word is the most beautiful one. Therefore, the sciences related to Quran is also the most valuable asset. Among the sciences of Quran is the science of al-vujuh and al-nazair. The science of al-vucuh deals with the words with multiple meanings whereas al-nazair is about the groups of words with same meanings but differing in written form and pronunciation. This science is about the linguistic explanation of Quran that every person engaged in commentaries of Quran (tafsir) should have a great knowledge about beside other sicences. In this article we studied the definition of this science, its importance, history and literature as well as its relations with other sciences.

Kur’ân İlimlerinden el-Vücûh ve’n-Nazâir

 Öz

Kur'ân'ı-Kerim lafzıyla manasıyla mucizedir. Çünkü o, Allah'ın kelamıdır. Bütün insanlar ve cinler, Kur'ân'ın benzerini getirmek üzere bir araya gelseler, birbirlerine yardım da etseler, onun kısa bir suresine nazîre yapamazlar. Kur'ân'ı-Kerîm kelamların en güzeli, Kur'ân ilimleri de ilimlerin en şereflisidir. Kur'ân ilimlerinden biri de, Vücûh ve Nazâir ilmidir. Vücûh, farklı anlamlara gelen kelimeleri; Nazâir ise, aynı anlama gelen kelimeleri ifade eder. Dolayısıyla Kur'ân'ı-Kerim'de birden çok manaya gelen (Vücûh) kelimeler olduğu gibi; aynı anlam için kullanılan (Nazâir) kelimeler de vardır ki, buna Kur'ân'ın lügavî tefsiri denir. Kur'ân tefsiri ile meşgul olan kişinin, diğer Kur'ân ilimleri yanında, bu ilmi de bilmesi gerekir. Aksi takdirde tefsir yapması caiz değildir. Bu makalede, kısaca bu ilmin tarifi, önemi, tarihçesi, diğer ilimlerle olan münasebeti ve konuyla ilgili eserlerin neler olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.

 

 

علم الوجوه والنظائر

 

الخلاصة

إنّ القرآن الكريم معجز بلفظه و معناه، لأنه كلام الله. لئن اجتمعت الإنس والجن على أن يأتوا بمثل هذا القرآن لا يأتون بمثله، حتى بسورته القصيرة، ولو كان بعضهم لبعض ظهيرا. فإن كلام الله أحسن الكلام، و علومه أشرف العلوم. و من علوم القرآن علم الوجوه والنظائر. بينماالوجوه تفيد المعانى المختلفة فى الكلمة الواحدة، والنظائر تفيد الكلمات المختلفة فى المعنى الواحد. وعلم الوجوه والنظائر هو التفسير اللغوىّ للقرآن. فالذى يشتغل بتفسير القرآن يحتاج إلى معرفة هذا العلم _بجانب معرفة علوم القرآن الأخرى_ وفى مقالتنا هذه ذكرنا تعريف هذا العلم، و أهميته، و تاريخه، و المؤلفات التى تتعلق بهذا العلم، و مناسبته للعلوم الأخرى.

 

 
Teaching Vocabulary Through Sentences
Authors: Tosuncuoglu Irfan
Published: March 2016

Teaching Vocabulary Through Sentences

Abstract

Almost every teacher is certain about that vocabulary is an important facet of learning a second language. It may be more important than grammar, at least in so far as this concerns communication , and particularly in the early stages when learners seem to understand that amassing a basic vocabulary is very important to fluency in another language. As a rule, receptive vocabulary exceeds productive vocabulary and why listening with comprehension and speaking with comprehension are two very different things—the latter a more difficult cognitive process than the former. Furthermore, vocabulary acquisition is highly idiosyncratic and depends largely on the learner and her or his individual learning styles and cognitive abilities. No two people learn alike. In particular, as understanding and fluency increases, individual interests and even needs will change, which then requires teacher-assisted guidance and remediation vis-à-vis the compilation of a specified and nuanced vocabulary that is tailored to the learner’s more practical linguistic needs, whatever these might be. 

 

Cümleler Yoluyla Kelime Öğretimi

Öz

Öğretmenler, ikinci bir dil öğrenmede kelimenin önemli bir yere sahip olduğu konusunda neredeyse hemfikirdirler. Kelime birikiminin, dilde akıcılık için önemli bir faktör olması sebebiyle, dilbilgisinden daha önemli yere sahip olduğu söylenebilir. Kural olarak, algısal kelime bilgisi oranı üretimsel kelime bilgisini geçmekte ve dinleme kavrama ve konuşma kavrama iki farklı unsur olup ve burada ikinci saydığımız unsur birincisinden daha zor bir bilişsel işlevselliğe sahiptir. Bundan başka, kelime edinimi yüksek derecede kendine özgü olup öğrenene, öğrenenin öğrenme tarzına ve bilişsel kabiliyetine büyük ölçüde bağlıdır. Hiç bir insan aynı değildir. Özellikle anlama ve akıcılık arttığında, bireysel ilgiler ve hatta ihtiyaçlar değişecek, daha sonra öğretmen destekli rehberliğe ihtiyaç duyulacak ve karşılıklı iletişimle ve her ne için olursa olsun öğrencinin dilbilimsel ihtiyaçlarına göre belirlenen detaylı kelime bilgileri daha iyi bir seviyeye gelebilecektir. Bu makalede, kelimelerin cümleler yoluyla nasıl öğretilebileceği konusu araştırılmıştır. 
Cell cycle progression in glioblastoma cells is unaffected by pathophysiological levels of hypoxia
Authors: Richards Rosalie , Jenkinson Michael D. , Haylock Brian J. , See Violaine
Published: March 2016

Hypoxia is associated with the increased malignancy of a broad range of solid tumours. While very severe hypoxia has been widely shown to induce cell cycle arrest, the impact of pathophysiological hypoxia on tumour cell proliferation is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different oxygen levels on glioblastoma (GBM) cell proliferation and survival. GBM is an extremely aggressive brain tumour with a heterogeneous oxygenation pattern. The effects of a range of oxygen tensions on GBM cell lines and primary cells were assessed using flow cytometry. Results indicate that cell cycle distribution and viability are unaffected by long term exposure (24–96 h) to pathophysiological levels of oxygen (1–8% O2). Both transient cell cycle arrest and small amounts of cell death could only be detected when cells were exposed to severe hypoxia (0.1% O2). No significant changes in p21 protein expression levels were detected. These findings reinforce the importance of using physiologically relevant oxygen tensions when investigating tumour hypoxia, and help to explain how solid tumours can be both hypoxic and highly proliferative, as is the case with GBM.
The effect of weight controllability beliefs on prejudice and self-efficacy
Authors: Thorsteinsson Einar B. , Loi Natasha M. , Breadsell Dana
Published: March 2016

An experiment was conducted to test for the presence of prejudice towards obesity and whether weight controllability beliefs information reduces this prejudice and impacts on a person’s own healthy eating self-efficacy. The experiment randomly allocated 346 participants (49 males) into one of three conditions: controllable contributors toward obesity condition (e.g., information about personal control about diet and exercise); uncontrollable contributors toward obesity condition (e.g., information about genes, factors in society); and a control condition with no information given. Prejudice was present in 81% of the sample. High prejudice was predicted by low self-efficacy for exercise and weight. Weight controllability beliefs information had no significant effect on prejudice levels or exercise or healthy eating self-efficacy levels. Future research directions are discussed.
Disparities in Medication Use for Criminal Justice System–Referred Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
Authors: Donahoe J. Travis , Donohue Julie M. , Saloner Brendan K.
Published: September 2024

Importance

Individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) and criminal justice system involvement experience high rates of overdose death. Historical data point to limited use of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in criminal justice system–referred treatment for OUD as playing a role. However, how MOUD use among those referred to treatment by the criminal justice system has changed relative to other referral sources over time is still unclear, as well as how it varies across states.

Objective

To examine disparities in the use of MOUD between individuals referred to treatment by the criminal justice system compared to other referral sources over time.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study included admissions to specialty substance use treatment facilities for OUD in the national Treatment Episodes Dataset–Admissions from 2014 to 2021. Logistic regression models were used to examine trends in the probability of MOUD use among individuals with and without criminal justice referrals for OUD treatment, as well as any differential trends by state. The data were analyzed from September 2023 to August 2024.

Main Outcome and Measure

The main outcome was the probability that treatment for individuals with OUD included MOUD.

Results

A total of 3 235 445 admissions were analyzed in the study data. Among individuals referred to OUD treatment by the criminal justice system, the probability that treatment included MOUD increased by 3.42 percentage points (pp) (95% CI, 3.37 pp to 3.47 pp) annually from 2014 to 2021. This was faster than the increase in the probability of MOUD use for noncriminal justice–referred admissions (2.49 pp [95% CI, 2.46 pp to 2.51 pp) and reduced, but did not eliminate, disparities in MOUD use between individuals with and without criminal justice system–referred treatment. In 2021, only 33.6% of individuals in criminal justice system–referred treatment received MOUD, 15.6 pp lower than for individuals referred to treatment by other sources. Trends in the probability of MOUD use varied substantially for individuals in criminal justice system–referred treatment across states, but very few experienced enough growth to eliminate this disparity.

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this cross-sectional study suggest that targeted efforts to address persistent disparities in MOUD use among those with OUD and criminal justice system involvement are needed to address the poor health outcomes experienced by this population.
Juvenile‐onset Huntington's disease – Spectrum and evolution of presenting movement disorders
Authors: Yang Kathryn , Quiroz Vicente , Tam Amy , Srouji Rasha , Villanueva Ximena , Amarales Claudia , Ebrahimi‐Fakhari Darius
Published: September 2024

Juvenile‐onset Huntington's disease (HD) is a rare subset of HD with symptom‐onset before the age of 18. In contrast to the adult population, children present early‐on with behavioral, psychiatric, and cognitive symptoms, in addition to a diverse spectrum of movement disorders. This poses a distinct challenge in diagnosis and management. We here describe the spectrum of movement disorders, accompanied with detailed video recordings, in seven cases of juvenile‐onset HD. Our findings highlight early cognitive and behavioral symptoms, preceding motor symptoms. The diverse movement disorder phenotypes included dystonia, Parkinsonism, myoclonus, and chorea, findings which underscore the heterogeneity of presenting symptoms.
The Sustainable Lightness of Digital Fabrication
Authors: Carpo Mario
Published: September 2024

It seems, in many quarters, that technology is viewed as bad for aspirations for a sustainable future. This Neo‐Luddite narrative is hampering the way the advantages and disadvantages of digital technology are perceived. Mario Carpo, Reyner Banham Professor of Architectural History and Theory at the Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London (UCL), argues that new technologies succeed older ones because they perform tasks better and more efficiently, innovatively and faster, both changing and responding to changes in societal and urban realms.
Sustainable Digital Concrete: Myth, Reality or Emerging Opportunity?
Authors: Wangler Timothy , Patankar Yamini , Flatt Robert J
Published: September 2024

Unbelievably huge amounts of concrete, a major contributor to our contemporary world, are produced every year, and this continues to increase exponentially. ETH Zurich researchers Timothy Wangler, Yamini Patankar and Robert J Flatt explain the pros and cons of the digital fabrication of concrete, and the research still to be done in this relatively young and experimental subset of the construction industry and material science.
Disused Concrete, Digital Acupuncture and Reuse
Authors: Fivet Corentin , Parascho Stefana , Grangeot Maxence , Bastien‐Masse Malena
Published: September 2024

Crushing concrete liberated from demolished buildings to provide recycled aggregate is argued to be a sustainable way of reducing material extraction. Yet, in these high‐energy processes, large amounts of new cement is often used, negating this as a low‐carbon activity. Professor of Architecture and Structural Design at the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Corentin Fivet and his co‐authors highlight the advantages of utilising second‐hand uncrushed concrete while augmenting traditional equipment to remarkable tactile and optimum effect.
Cohort study suggests role for naloxone in cardiac arrest care
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: September 2024

Results of a new study suggest that the opioid overdose reversal medication naloxone could ultimately prove to have an important role in cardiac arrest care, one possibly not limited to cardiac arrests involving opioids.
OPCs supported in grassroots ‘virtual press briefing’
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2024

Last month, harm reduction experts, politicians, and academics joined to call for overdose prevention centers (OPCs) in a “virtual press conference” hosted by the Drug Policy Alliance (DPA). “As we have seen here today, the movement to expand OPCs is strong and gaining even more momentum across the country,” said Kellen Russoniello, DPA's director of public health, on Aug. 27. “We know we cannot wait any longer. Our community members, our friends, our families continue to die while policymakers fail to support proven public health interventions. It is not acceptable to let stigma, fear mongering and politics continue to prevent the approaches that will save our loved ones. Every day that our elected leaders delay action on evidence‐based solutions to the overdose crisis, more lives are needlessly lost. We need decisive action in support of OPCs now.” OPCs, also known as safe consumption sites, are places where drug users can go to inject or otherwise self‐administer their drugs, and be rescued if they overdose. They can also get many other services there, but there are only a handful operating in the United States.
Highly Sensitive Cationic Photoresist for High‐Throughput Two‐Photon Nanofabrication
Authors: Ma Zhiyuan , Li Tengxiao , Dai Xiaoqiang , Shen Xiaoming , Wang Xiaobing , Fu Huan , Xia Xianmeng , Zhu Qinyan , Zhu Yinbo , Yu Zhilong , Cao Chun , You Shangting , Kuang Cuifang
Published: September 2024

Two‐photon lithography (TPL) is a powerful tool for 3D nanofabrication, however, high‐throughput TPL remains challenging, especially for cationic‐based photoresists. A novel cationic‐based photoresist named TP‐EO is developed for high‐throughput and high‐resolution TPL nanofabrication. High‐speed fabrication is achieved by using a bimolecular photosensitizer‐photo acid generator (PS‐PAG) pair that can effectively solve the photosensitivity bottleneck in cationic‐based photoresists. High‐resolution nanofabrication is achieved by limiting the photoacid diffusion via tuning the monomer's intra‐ and inter‐molecular stereo‐structure. The fabrication of 3D structures is demonstrated with fine features (<200 nm), fast writing speed (100 mm s−1), and low shrinkage, and showcased the rapid fabrication of centimeter‐scale nanodevices. TP‐EO photoresist shows outstanding TPL fabrication speed and resolution among cationic‐based photoresists, making it a promising solution for high‐throughput 3D nanomanufacturing.
Charge Transfer in InAs@ZnSe‐MoS2 Heterostructures for Broadband Photodetection
Authors: Asaithambi Aswin , Thakur Mukesh Kumar , Zhu Dongxu , Tofighi Nastaran Kazemi , Pelli Cresi Jacopo Stefano , Kuriyil Sidharth , Curreli Nicola , Petrini Nicolò , Rebecchi Luca , De Trizio Luca , Toma Andrea , Manna Liberato , Kriegel Ilka
Published: September 2024

Absorbing near‐infrared (NIR) photons, with longer wavelengths, in atomically thin monolayer MoS2 presents a significant challenge due to its weak optical absorption and narrow absorption bands. Consequently, MoS2‐based photodetector devices often experience low responsivity and a limited detection window. Herein, a novel InAs@ZnSe core@shell/1L‐MoS2 heterostructure, leveraging InAs@ZnSe as the primary infrared‐absorbing material and exploiting the formation of a type‐II heterostructure is showcased. Steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopy, along with optoelectronic characterization, are employed to investigate photo‐induced charge transfer dynamics. The results show efficient hole transfer to InAs@ZnSe upon excitation of both materials. Instead, with selective excitation of InAs@ZnSe, electron transfer is observed from InAs@ZnSe to the 1L‐MoS2. The heterostructure demonstrates a broadband photoresponse spanning the wavelength range of 300 to 850 nm, exhibiting a Responsivity of ≈103 A/W and Detectivity of ≈1011 Jones. The signal‐to‐noise ratio substantially increases by 3 to 4 orders of magnitude for 700 and 850 nm excitation compared to pristine 1L‐MoS2. The enhancement in photoresponse and signal‐to‐noise ratio is attributed to increased absorption, which helps eliminate defect and trap states, thereby promoting the photogating effect.
Heterojunction Vacancies‐Promoted High Sodium Storage Capacity and Fast Reaction Kinetics of the Anodes for Ultra‐High Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zheng Hui , Ma Dakai , Pei Maojun , Lin Chenkai , Liu Yao , Deng Shuqi , Qiu Ruoxue , Luo Yiyuan , Yan Wei , Zhang Jiujun
Published: September 2024

Transition metal sulfides as anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have the advantage of high capacity. However, their cycle‐life and rate performance at ultra‐high current density is still a thorny issue that limit the applicability of these materials. In this paper, the carbon‐embedded heterojunction with sulfur‐vacancies regulated by ultrafine bimetallic sulfides (vacancy‐CoS2/FeS2@C) with robust interfacial C‐S‐Co/Fe chemical bonds is successfully synthesized and explored as an anode material for sodium‐ion battery. By changing the ratio of two metal cations, the concentration of anion sulfur vacancies can be in‐situ adjusted without additional post‐treatment. The as‐prepared vacancy‐CoS2/FeS2@C anode material offers ultrahigh rate performance (285.1 mAh g−1 at 200 A g−1), and excellent long‐cycle stability (389.2 mAh g−1 at 40 A g−1 after 10000 cycles), outperforming all reported transition metal sulfides‐based anode materials for SIBs. Both in‐situ and ex‐situ characterizations provide strong evidence for the evolution mechanism of the phases and stable solid‐electrolyte interface (SEI) on the vacancy‐CoS2/FeS2@C surface. The density functional theory calculations show that constructing heterojunction with reasonable concentration of vacancies can significantly increase the anode electronic conductivity. Notably, the assembled vacancy‐CoS2/FeS2@C//Na3V2(PO4)3/C full‐cell shows a capacity of 226.2 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at 2.0 A g−1, confirming this material's practicability.
Breathable Ultrathin Film Sensors Based on Nanomesh Reinforced Anti‐Dehydrating Organohydrogels for Motion Monitoring
Authors: Zhu Canjie , Chen Guoqi , Li Shengnan , Yang Hailong , Zheng Jingxia , Wang Dingkun , Yang Hua , Wong Lawrence Wan Yin , Fu Jun
Published: September 2024

Flexible hydrogel film sensors have great advantages as human–machine interfaces for conformal contact with bio‐tissues, but suffer from weakness and dehydration, compromising flexibility and performance. Here, a breathable, highly stretchable, and anti‐dehydrating ultrathin organohydrogel film as a skin‐attachable strain sensor for long‐term motion monitoring is developed. An electrospun TPU (eTPU) nanomesh with hidden strength is used as skeleton to host in situ free radical polymerization of 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and acrylamide (AAm) to form an interpenetrating double network organohydrogel with glycerol and water as solvent. Extensive hydrogen bonding between eTPU nanomesh and P(AMPS‐co‐AAm) network yields ultrathin organohydrogel film (≈200 µm) with synergetic deformation and energy dissipation upon stretching, leading to record‐high stretchability up to 920%, fracture toughness of 20.14 MJ m−3, fracture energy of 10 000 J m−2, and robustness over 4000 notched stretching cylcles to 50% strain. The binary glycerol/water solvent imparts excellent anti‐dehydration at room temperature for 10 d, and stable sensory performance from −20 to 60 °C. With a high water vapor transmission rate of 1.3 kg m−2 d−1, the film sensor ensures comfortable skin contact for continuous knee flexion monitoring throughout the day with stable signals. These organohydrogel film strain sensors are promising for wearable and long‐term motion monitoring applications.
Efficient Charge and Proton Balance Enabled by a 2D/2D S‐Scheme Heterojunction with a Nanochamber Design for Better Synergy of Photocatalytic CO2 Methanation and Benzylamine Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Yan , Cao Fengying , Zhao Shuyi , Zhang Jinkai , Zhong Shuxian , Mao Hui , Zhao Leihong , Bai Song
Published: September 2024

Light‐driven CO2 reduction integrated with benzylamine (BA) oxidation provides a promising means for achieving sustainable development, whereas whose effectiveness is challenged by imbalanced charge transfer/utilization and proton supply/consumption. To conquer these issues, herein, a 2D/2D inorganic/organic S‐scheme heterojunction is reported with a nanochamber design, featuring large‐area interfacial contact between the components for carrier transfers and sufficient exposure of spatially separated redox sites for surface reactions. Remarkably, the designed BiOI@hollow zinc‐porphyrin conjugated polymer (ZnPCP) catalyst delivers a high CH4 yield of 577.1 µmol gcat−1 h−1 and a stoichiometric N‐benzylidenebenzylamine (BDA) output of 2300.3 µmol gcat−1 h−1, with both selectivities exceeding 96%. Zn coordination to porphyrin not only amplifies the internal electric field of the heterojunction and induces an intramolecular polarization electric field within ZnPCP, but also facilitates CO2 adsorption/activation and lowers the energy barriers for CO2 methanation, improving the charge transfer/separation dynamics and regulating the reduction reaction kinetics. Moreover, hollow chambers increase the photon and charge utilization, and coordinate the proton release and consumption, encouraging the dehydrogenation C─N coupling of BA to BDA, while simultaneously discouraging the hydrogenation of BDA to secondary amines. This study emphasizes the significance of attaining charge and proton equilibrium, providing a fresh avenue for enhancing the efficiency of photoredox catalysis.
Materials Acceleration Platforms (MAPs): Accelerating Materials Research and Development to Meet Urgent Societal Challenges
Authors: Stier Simon P. , Kreisbeck Christoph , Ihssen Holger , Popp Matthias Albert , Hauch Jens , Malek Kourosh , Reynaud Marine , Goumans T.P.M. , Carlsson Johan , Todorov Ilian , Gold Lukas , Räder Andreas , Wenzel Wolfgang , Bandesha Shahbaz Tareq , Jacques Philippe , Garcia‐Moreno Francisco , Arcelus Oier , Friederich Pascal , Clark Simon , Maglione Mario , Laukkanen Anssi , Castelli Ivano Eligio , Carrasco Javier , Cabanas Montserrat Casas , Stein Helge Sören , Ozcan Ozlem , Elbert David , Reuter Karsten , Scheurer Christoph , Demura Masahiko , Han Sang Soo , Vegge Tejs , Nakamae Sawako , Fabrizio Monica , Kozdras Mark
Published: September 2024

Climate Change and Materials Criticality challenges are driving urgent responses from global governments. These global responses drive policy to achieve sustainable, resilient, clean solutions with Advanced Materials (AdMats) for industrial supply chains and economic prosperity. The research landscape comprising industry, academe, and government identified a critical path to accelerate the Green Transition far beyond slow conventional research through Digital Technologies that harness Artificial Intelligence, Smart Automation and High Performance Computing through Materials Acceleration Platforms, MAPs. In this perspective, following the short paper, a broad overview about the challenges addressed, existing projects and building blocks of MAPs will be provided while concluding with a review of the remaining gaps and measures to overcome them.
Analysis of reverse osmosis and pervaporation using activity‐based permeance: Aqueous and nonaqueous systems
Authors: Moriyama Norihiro , Shiozaki Shun‐ichi , Nagasawa Hiroki , Kanezashi Masakoto , Tsuru Toshinori
Published: September 2024

The recent advancement in mechanically and chemically robust membranes has led to the capabilities of both reverse osmosis (RO) and pervaporation (PV) for separation of water/organic solvent and organic solvent mixtures. However, their performances are evaluated in different permeation formulas. To address this, we have conducted an analysis using a unified parameter: activity‐based permeance. The present study evaluated RO and PV using the same organosilica membrane for the separation of both non‐aqueous solvents (methanol/ethanol, methanol/iso‐propanol [IPA], and methanol/dimethyl carbonate) and organic solvent‐aqueous mixtures (including water with methanol, ethanol, IPA, tert‐butanol, and glucose), at concentrations ranging from 0% to 100%. With the use of activity‐based permeance, we achieved a consistent evaluation of both PV and RO processes. Moreover, this approach provides prediction of separation performance even in RO and PV.
Cognitive modeling of the Mnemonic Similarity Task as a digital biomarker for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Vanderlip Casey R. , Lee Michael D. , Stark Craig E. L.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

The Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST) is a popular memory task designed to assess hippocampal integrity. We assessed whether analyzing MST performance using a multinomial processing tree (MPT) cognitive model could detect individuals with elevated Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker status prior to cognitive decline.

METHOD

We analyzed MST data from >200 individuals (young, cognitively healthy older adults and individuals with mild cognitive impairment [MCI]), a subset of which also had existing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (pTau) data using both traditional and model‐derived approaches. We assessed how well each could predict age group, memory ability, MCI status, Aβ, and pTau status using receiver operating characteristic analyses.

RESULTS

Both approaches predicted age group membership equally, but MPT‐derived metrics exceeded traditional metrics in all other comparisons.

DISCUSSION

A MPT model of the MST can detect individuals with AD prior to cognitive decline, making it a potentially useful tool for screening and monitoring older adults during the asymptomatic phase of AD.

Highlights

The MST, along with cognitive modeling, identifies individuals with memory deficits and cognitive impairment.

Cognitive modeling of the MST identifies individuals with increased AD biomarkers prior to changes in cognitive function.

The MST is a digital biomarker that identifies individuals at high risk of AD.
The role of the Alzheimer's Association in the genesis of Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Authors: Carrillo Maria C. , Mahinrad Simin , Snyder Heather M. , Khachaturian Zaven
Published: September 2024

Here we highlight the Alzheimer's Association's role since its inception, as a strategic collaborator with National Institutes of Health–National Institute on Aging in the development of the modern era of the Alzheimer's Movement and in making Alzheimer's disease (AD) a national priority in the United States by developing several initiatives to advance knowledge about the cause, diagnosis, and treatment of dementia. Among these collaborative undertakings, the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is an exemplary case, launched with groundwork by the Neuroimaging Working Group sponsored by the Association's Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute on AD. The unique contribution of the Association to the development of ADNI includes participation as a member of ADNI's Private Partner Scientific Board and involvement in developing an AD biomarker standardization and validation subproject, which has led to a conceptual shift in the field to define AD based on its underlying biology. Furthermore, the creation of Worldwide ADNI (WW‐ADNI) is highlighted, underscoring the global impact of these efforts.

Highlights

The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is a keystone undertaking in the evolving landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) research, and is now in its fourth iteration.

The Alzheimer's Association has partnered with ADNI since its inception.

ADNI 4 and the Association continue to collaborate, ensuring representation within the study population.
Synergetic Enhancing Effects between Platinum Nanosensitizers and Clinically Approved Stabilizing Ligands in Proton Therapy, Causing High‐Yield Double‐Strand Breaks of Plasmid DNA at Relevant Dose
Authors: Zwiehoff Sandra , Hensel Astrid , Rishmawi Ramin , Shakibaei Parisa , Behrends Carina , Hommel Katrin , Bäumer Christian , Knauer Shirley Karin , Timmermann Beate , Rehbock Christoph , Barcikowski Stephan
Published: September 2024

Proton therapy is used to eradicate tumors in sensitive areas by targeted delivery of energy. Its effectiveness can be amplified using nanoparticles (NPs) as sensitizers, due to the production of reactive oxygen species at the NP's catalytically active surface, causing the cleavage of DNA. However, the impact of stabilizing macromolecular ligands capping the particles, needed for nanosensitizer dispersion in physiological fluids, is underexplored. Herein, ligand‐free colloidal platinum NPs (PtNPs) fabricated by scalable laser synthesis in liquids are used, which allows studying particle and ligand effects separately. PtNPs are incubated with stabilizing concentrations of the clinically approved ligands albumin, Tween, and polyethylene glycol, and irradiated with proton beams at clinically relevant doses (2 and 5 Gy). At these doses, plasmid DNA cleavage larger than 55% of clustered DNA damage is achieved. Bovine serum albumin, Tween, and polyethylene glycol on the NP surface work as double‐strand breaks (DSB) enhancers and synergetic effects occur even at low and clinically relevant particle concentrations and irradiation doses. Here, DSB enhancement by ligand‐capped PtNP even exceeds the sum of the individual ligand and particle effects. The presented fundamental correlations provide selection rules for nanosensitizer design in proton therapy.
Mild and Scalable Conditions for the Solvothermal Synthesis of Imine‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Laemont Andreas , Matthys Gilles , Lavendomme Roy , Van Der Voort Pascal
Published: September 2024

A convenient method was developed that allows for the synthesis of highly crystalline and porous imine‐linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) in hours. The use of an apolar solvent in combination with a precise amount of water and acetic acid was crucial to obtain materials of optimal quality. Fifteen different COFs could be produced under the same reaction conditions, using a green solvent mixture of n‐butanol, acetic acid and water at 70 °C for 16 hours with stirring. The crystallinity of the COFs produced in this manner is similar or better than that obtained by traditional solvothermal synthesis. The method could be easily scaled to synthesize over ten grams of COF in one batch. Optical microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and in situ Raman spectroscopy gave insight in the role of the solvent on the aggregation of COF nanosheets and the resulting crystallinity, porosity and robustness of the material.
Chalcone‐based benzenesulfonamides as potent and selective inhibitors for human carbonic anhydrase II: Design, synthesis, in vitro, and in silico studies
Authors: Lee Hwa Young , Elkamhawy Ahmed , Al‐Karmalawy Ahmed A. , Nada Hossam , Giovannuzzi Simone , Supuran Claudiu T. , Lee Kyeong
Published: September 2024

Sulfonamides are promising classical carbonic anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors, being used for several medical purposes such as diuretics, anticonvulsants, topically acting antiglaucoma agents, for antiobesity and anticancer therapies. Herein, a series of chalcone‐based benzenesulfonamides (3a‒m) was synthesized and assessed for its inhibitory activity against a panel of four human carbonic anhydrases (hCA isoforms I, II, IX, and XII). Most compounds displayed single‐ to double‐digit nanomolar inhibition constants (Kis), with some derivatives being more potent and/or selective than the standard drug acetazolamide (AAZ). Among the synthesized compounds, 3g compound demonstrated the highest inhibitory activity against the hCA II isoform (Ki = 2.5 nM) with 30‐, 9‐, and 11‐fold selectivity for hCA II over the I, IX, and XII isoforms, respectively. Structure–activity relationships for different substitution patterns were analyzed. Additionally, a molecular docking study showed that compound 3g bound to hCA II by coordinating with the zinc ion through the deprotonated benzenesulfonamide moiety, in addition to a hydrogen bond formed between an oxygen of the sulfonamide moiety and Thr199. Moreover, the chalcone core participated in van der Waals interactions with some active site residues, such as Ile91, Val121, and Leu198. Consequently, this report introduces a successful approach toward identifying compound 3g as a highly potent and selective chalcone‐based benzenesulfonamide inhibitor of hCA II worthy of further investigation.
Hibiscus schizopetalus boosts wound healing via restoring redox balance and hindering inflammatory responses in rats: Insights on metabolome profiling and molecular docking
Authors: Gamal El‐Din Mariam I. , Mantawy Eman M. , Said Riham S. , Fahmy Nouran M. , Fayez Shaimaa , Shahin Mai I. , Nasr Maha , Elissawy Ahmed M. , Singab Abdel Nasser B.
Published: September 2024

Hibiscus species (Malvaceae) possess a plethora of appealing pharmacological activities with an extended history of customary use in diverse medical conditions. The present study aimed at comparing the metabolomic analyses of three Hibiscus species native to Egypt, namely H. tiliaceus, H. schizopetalus extract (HSE), and H. rosa‐sinensis, alongside identifying a promising natural wound healing candidate. Chemical profiling of the leaf extracts was achieved via UPLC‐ESI/MS/MS‐guided analysis that resulted in the tentative identification of a total of 48 secondary metabolites pertaining to phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, fatty acids, and fatty amides. Remarkably, in vitro studies revealed that HSE exhibited the topmost wound healing activity. Subsequently, HSE was formulated into hydro‐ and nanogel (1% w/v) formulations for further assessing its efficacy in the wound excision model. HSE‐nanogel demonstrated a significant in vivo wound contraction activity alongside improving histopathological abnormalities. Mechanistically, HSE‐nanogel upregulated the wound antioxidant status through increasing the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase activity. Moreover, HSE‐nanogel suppressed the wound inflammatory responses by diminishing the expressions of NF‐ĸB, TNF‐α, and IL‐6. Molecular docking studies were performed on HSE's major constituents using CDOCKER, which further supported the in vivo findings. Collectively, HSE nanogel exhibits notable aptitude as a wound‐healing agent, warranting further clinical appraisal.
From dyes to drugs: The historical impact and future potential of dyes in drug discovery
Authors: Manavi Mohammad Amin , Salehi Mohammadreza , Mohammad Jafari Razieh , Dehpour Ahmad Reza
Published: September 2024

In the late 19th century, progress in dye chemistry led to advances in industrial organic chemistry in Germany. Over the next few decades, this revealed dyes not just as color agents but as promising lead compounds for drug development. Collaborations between dye chemists and medical researchers were crucial in turning these unexpected discoveries into structured medicinal chemistry efforts. The outcomes included major drug classes like sulfa antibiotics, antifungal azoles, and others, resulting in a legacy where dyes served not only as biological stains but as crucial tools for understanding complex natural products and drug interactions. Today, the impact of dye molecules persists in clinical therapies, molecular probing, pharmacokinetic tracing, and high‐throughput screening. This review underscores the historical contributions shaping contemporary pharmaceutical sciences, highlighting the role of dyes as indispensable tools propelling drug discovery across generations.
Constructing a Non‐Noble Metal WC/CaIn2S4 Schottky Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Enhanced Photocatalytic H2 Production
Authors: Jiang Wenjun , Zhou Liang , Phong Nguyen Tan , Wang Lingzhi , Zhang Jinlong , Liu Yongdi , Lei Juying
Published: September 2024

To take the pronounced issue of recombination among photogenerated electrons and holes in the photocatalytic reaction, we report a WC/CaIn2S4 Schottky heterojunction photocatalyst using a straightforward one‐step hydrothermal method and applied it for the enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction in photocatalysis. A stable Schottky energy barrier can be formed by closely connecting the metal‐like WC with the n‐type semiconductor CaIn2S4, accelerating the migration of photogenerated carriers. Meanwhile, WC can lower the overpotential for hydrogen evolution, leading to a notable enhancement in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate. The hydrogen evolution rate of the optimal WC/CaIn2S4 Schottky heterojunction photocatalyst WCIS1 : 1 was approximately 2.3 times higher than that of Pt‐loaded photocatalyst CIS+Pt. This study delves into the application significance of the Schottky heterojunction principle in the photocatalytic hydrogen production reaction. Furthermore, this study provides a novel approach to replacing noble metal Pt with metal‐like WC in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Model‐free adaptive load frequency control for power systems with wind penetration under deregulation environment
Authors: Zeng Yiming , Bu Xuhui , Yin Yanling
Published: September 2024

With the gradual deregulation of the power system by the power department, the power system has developed into a large‐scale and multiregional control system. Because of the power system internal complexity enhancing, the stable operation of power system becomes increasingly difficult. This paper analyzes the load frequency control problem of multiregional interconnected power system with wind energy. This study designs an improved model‐free adaptive control algorithm based on I/O data. It avoids model establishment of the multiregional power system. It also effectively solves the problem of frequency stability control under the influence of load change, introducing the generation participation matrix to simulate bilateral contracts under the power market. The dynamic evolution relationship of the system with the generation participation matrix is established, taking a three‐regional power system with wind energy as an example. Frequency fluctuations in all three regions are between
. Convergence times of frequency deviation are all within 30 s, much less than the response time of load frequency control. The simulation results further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, comparing the control algorithm proposed in this paper with other algorithms, which proves that the proposed algorithm has good control performance.
Elucidating the role of carrier proteins in cytokine stabilization within double emulsion‐based polymeric nanoparticles
Authors: Rhodes Emily R. , Day Nicole B. , Aldrich Emma C. , Wyatt Shields C. , Sprenger Kayla G.
Published: September 2024

Polymeric micro‐ and nanoparticles are useful vehicles for delivering cytokines to diseased tissues such as solid tumors. Double emulsion solvent evaporation is one of the most common techniques to formulate cytokines into vehicles made from hydrophobic polymers; however, the liquid–liquid interfaces formed during emulsification can greatly affect the stability and therapeutic performance of encapsulated cytokines. To develop more effective cytokine‐delivery systems, a clear molecular understanding of the interactions between relevant proteins and solvents used in the preparation of such particles is needed. We utilized an integrated computational and experimental approach for studying the governing mechanisms by which interleukin‐12 (IL‐12), a clinically relevant cytokine, is protected from denaturation by albumin, a common stabilizing protein, at an organic‐aqueous solvent interface formed during double emulsification. We investigated protein–protein interactions between human (h)IL‐12 and albumin and simulated these components in pure water, dichloromethane (DCM), and along a water/DCM interface to replicate the solvent regimes formed during double emulsification. We observed that (i) hIL‐12 experiences increased structural deviations near the water/DCM interface, and (ii) hIL‐12 structural deviations are reduced in the presence of albumin. Experimentally, we found that hIL‐12 bioactivity is retained when released from particles in which albumin is added to the aqueous phase in molar excess to hIL‐12 and sufficient time is allowed for albumin‐hIL‐12 binding. Findings from this work have implications in establishing design principles to enhance the stability of cytokines and other unstable proteins in particles formed by double emulsification for improved stability and therapeutic efficacy.
Synthesis, DFT, Molecular Docking, and Antimicrobial Studies of New Indole‐Thiosemicarbazone Ligand and Their Complexes with Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II)
Authors: Singh Jugmendra , Gautam Seema , Singh Madhur B. , Singh Prashant , Kumar Umesh
Published: September 2024

Indole‐3‐carbaldehyde based novel ligand (E)‐2‐((1‐benzyl‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)methylene)‐N‐methylhydrazine‐1‐carbothioamide (MBIHC) and its metal complexes [(MBIHC)2FeCl2]Cl(C1), [(MBIHC−)2Co] (C2), [(MBIHC−)2Ni] (C3), and [(MBIHC−)2Cu] (C4) have been synthesized. All synthesized compounds have been characterized by various spectroanalytical techniques. The structure of MBIHC was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray data. The geometry of metal complexes was determined by spectroscopic and computational studies. In the case of iron complex, ligand MBIHC coordinated to the metal ion in bidentate mode (via nitrogen, sulphur donor atoms) while in the case of cobalt, nickel, and copper complexes ligand act as a tridentate ligand (via nitrogen, sulphur, carbene donor atoms). In vitro, antifungal and antibacterial studies of ligand and metal complexes were assayed against C. albicans, C. glabrata, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae pathogens. In antifungal activity, complex C1 exhibited a greater inhibition zone than the other compounds for the both examined fungi C. albicans (24±0.32 mm) and C. glabrata (20±0.16 mm). However, the antifungal activities of complex C2 has shown better activity against both E. coli (25±0.24 mm) and K. pneumoniae (16±0.80 mm) pathogens than the other examined compound. Complex C2 has found even better than the benchmark drug Ampiciline in case of E. coli. Further, the DFT calculations and molecular docking studies also validate the experimental bioactivity results of examined compounds.
A surgical site abscess caused by an ant bite on foot 7 years after mastectomy: A case report
Authors: Liu Zhihan , Wei Zhihao , Ye Shuying , Su Shicheng , Lu Yiwen
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical Message

Abscess at a previous surgical site induced by an insect bite has rarely been reported. Here we report a case of abscess at the breast surgical site, which occurred 7 years after mastectomy following an ant bite.

Surgical site abscess generally occurs following operation within 30 days. However, surgical site abscess induced by an insect bite, which occurs several years after surgery, has rarely been reported. Here, we report a 65‐year‐old female patient with a history of breast cancer presenting with an abscess at the site of her mastectomy and ipsilateral arm lymphedema. Her left foot was bitten by an ant 25 days earlier and itchy red bumps with whiteheads were raised. After antibiotic treatment and abscess incision and drainage, the abscess healed, but the ipsilateral arm lymphedema persisted. This unique case demonstrates that surgical procedures can alter the susceptibility of tissues to allergic or infectious cues long after the operation.
Nyctalopia during pregnancy due to vitamin A deficiency after bariatric sleeve gastrectomy: A case report
Authors: Anastasakis Eleftherios , Anastasakis Anastasios , Samara Athina A. , Koutras Antonios , Fasoulakis Zacharias , Zikopoulos Athanasios , Skentou Chara , Sotiriou Sotirios
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical Message

Herein, we report a rare case of nyctalopia diagnosed in the first trimester of pregnancy due to vitamin A deficiency as a result of a bariatric gastrectomy. Low serum vitamin A levels establish the diagnosis and the patient was treated with oral vitamin A supplements. Moreover, due to the teratogenic effects of exceed Vitamin A levels in early pregnancy, supplements' dosages should be prescribed with respect to the safe limits. Our case aims to highlight the importance of checking micronutricients and vitamins levels before and during pregnancy in women that had a previous bariatric surgery.

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) has been identified as the predominant factor in the development of night blindness during pregnancy, a high‐risk for morbidity situation. Herein, we report a rare case of nyctalopia diagnosed in the first trimester of pregnancy due to VAD as a result of a bariatric gastrectomy. Our case aims to highlight the importance of checking micronutricients and vitamins levels before and during pregnancy in women that had a previous bariatric surgery. Low serum vitamin A levels establish the diagnosis and the patient was treated with oral vitamin A supplements. An uneventful antenatal course resulted in the birth of a healthy live neonatal at 38 weeks of gestation. In conclusion, nyctalopia is a rare condition in pregnant women that is often caused by VAD that poses significant health risks for both the mother and the infant, especially in women with a history of gastrointestinal bypass surgery, or any factors leading to malnutrition. Clinicians have to be alerted for micronutrients deficient in pregnant women who have a bariatric operation in their medical history.