bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANAIS DO I CONGRESSO PERNAMBUCANO MULTIDISCIPLINAR EM ONCOLOGIA (I CONPERMON)
Authors:   LITERACIA CIENTÍFICA EDITORA & CURSOS, Silva Roberto Bezerra da , Montenegro Andréa Karla Soares
Published: May 2024

O I CONGRESSO PERNAMBUCANO MULTIDISCIPLINAR EM ONCOLOGIA (I CONPERMON) foi um evento de caráter técnico-científico destinado a acadêmicos e profissionais que desejaram aprimorar seus conhecimentos. O evento foi organizado pelo DRM pesquisa e Faculdade Cespu Europa. A jornada aconteceu com palestras de forma presencial, iniciando no dia 22 de setembro de 2023 ao dia 23 de setembro de 2023, onde trouxe o estudo e atualização acerca da Oncologia de forma multidisciplinar, uma das áreas mais antigas e essenciais da Ciência da Saúde. O tema do Congresso: “CONSTRUINDO PONTES, FOMENTANDO A CIÊNCIA”, teve por objetivo apresentar ao público tanto assuntos da Oncologia básica, quanto tópicos de domínio da especialidade e de outras áreas que trabalham com ela integradas. Como público-alvo estão os estudantes de graduação, pós-graduação, mestrado, doutorado e demais interessados pelas temáticas que foram abordadas durante o I CONPERMON. É notório salientar que o congresso foi multiprofissional e pôde contar com palestrantes da área de Enfermagem, Nutrição, Psicologia, Fisioterapia, Terapia Ocupacional, Medicina, dentre outras áreas das Ciências da Saúde e áreas afins. Os congressistas tiveram a oportunidade de assistir diversas palestras ministradas por profissionais renomados, além disso, submeteram resumos simples e expandidos que foram publicados em anais com ISBN, DOI geral da obra, ficha catalográfica e DOI específico para resumos.
Ownership and Objectivity: Judging Varieties for Plant Breeder's Rights in Australia
Authors: Macdonald Hamish
Published: May 2024

To receive intellectual property protection under the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, new plant varieties must pass a Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (‘DUS’) trial proving that they are distinct from existing varieties, uniform in their relevant characteristics, and stable across generations. This article examines how this scientific-legal judgement process occurs in Australia, contrasting its relatively decentralised approach with the centralised assessment systems used in most European countries. I argue that the pursuit of objective judgement is the central tenet of the plant breeder’s rights systems, and that calls to increase objectivity with technological changes can obscure embedded value judgement and power relations. The DUS criteria serve to reinforce this objectivity, and to discipline mutable and heterogenous plant life into a form which approximates a consistent and identifiable object – a necessity for the operation of intellectual property law, despite consequences for agricultural genetic diversity and resilience.
PELATIHAN TATA KELOLA KEUANGAN PRODUK KELAPA KOPRA PADA KELOMPOK UMKM DESA LAPEO KECAMATAN CAMPALAGIAN KABUPATEN POLEWALI MANDAR
Authors: Ariyandani Nur , Rahmayanti Rivai Dian , Fitriani Nur
Published: May 2024

Lapeo village is an area with a quite large produce of agricultural, especially copra coconut farmers. It is usually used as a raw material for making VCO (virgini coconut oil). One of the SMEs in Lapeo village carries out these businesses. However, the SMEs have a problem in financial process. Precisely, they do not know how much income they earn, expenses, and capital they spend. Therefore, the aim of this service is to provide training regards to financial management to the copra coconut SMEs. The method to implementing this activity is carried out through 3 steps, firstly, direct inspection, secondly, analyzing problems, and thirdly, carrying out financial training. The results are the SMEs expected to be able to carry out routine financial records and separate personal and business financial records. Furthermore, this training received a positive responsesfrom the participants.
SOSIALISASI MEMBANGUN JIWA DAN RAGA: PENCEGAHAN PERUNDUNGAN DUNIA MAYA DI LINGKUNGAN SEKOLAH
Authors: Bahriansyah Bahriansyah , Mukhtar Afiah , Makkulawu Andi , Asmawiyah Asmawiyah
Published: May 2024

Cyberbullying is a serious threat to students in the era of information technology that continues to develop. This socialization activity was developed by involving the active role of schools, teachers and students which focused on understanding the risks of cyberbullying and strengthening students' social skills. Through participatory methods which include presentation of educational material, discussions and questions and answers. The results of this activity showed a significant increase in students' understanding and their willingness to actively participate in preventing cyberbullying. The aim of this outreach activity is to create a safe, inclusive and supportive school environment, and to increase students' knowledge, understanding and awareness regarding online bullying in order to avoid cyberbullying as both perpetrators and victims.
SOSIALISASI PERAN WIRAUSAHA MELALUI EDUKASI KEWIRAUSAHAAN PADA IBU-IBU ANGGOTA PEMBINAAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEREKONOMIAN KELUARGA DI DESA
Authors: Anwar Nursyam , Sumarsih Sumarsih
Published: May 2024

: Community Service is one of the activities carried out by academics to provide knowledge to the community which can be implemented both socially and economically. The Lapeo Village PKK group has some potential to produce local products that can have sales value. Through this community service training, the aim is to provide entrepreneurial outreach to PKK administrators and members in order to provide knowledge that can be applied to businesses run by PKK women in Lapeo Village. The Lapeo Village PKK group faces several problems, especially regarding knowledge of starting a business properly and correctly. The first problem faced is a lack of knowledge about entrepreneurship itself. The second problem is the lack of knowledge about the stages and processes of entrepreneurship which must be understood by every mother who is interested in doing business. The third problem is a lack of knowledge about the factors of success and failure in entrepreneurship that must be anticipated and understood by every entrepreneur and mother who is interested in doing business. The solutions offered in community service activities are 1) Increased understanding of entrepreneurship, especially for women who are administrators and PKK members of Lapeo Village, to maximize and increase the spirit of entrepreneurship in Lapeo Village. The proposed activity plan is 1) Preparation stage, 2) Socialization of the Role of Entrepreneurs through Entrepreneurship Education for Mothers, Members of Family Welfare Development (Pkk) in Improving the Family Economy in Lapeo Village, District. Campalagia
MANAJEMEN DISTRIBUSI PRODUK KOPRA PADA KELOMPOK UMKM DESA LAPEO DI KECAMATAN CAMPALAGIAN KABUPATEN POLEWALI MANDAR
Authors: Fauzan Muhammad , Irawati Irawati
Published: May 2024

Kelompok UMKM Desa Lapeo has quite abundant produce, one of which is copra products. Through this community service training, it aims to provide distribution management training on copra products to provide knowledge that can be applied to the business run by Kelompok UMKM Desa Lapeo. Kelompok UMKM Desa Lapeo faces several problems, especially in determining product distribution, the first problem faced is the lack of knowledge in managing product distribution. The second problem is the competition between copra products and surrounding areas that have similar plantation products with Kelompok UMKM Desa Laepo. The third problem is the difficulty in managing inefficient product storage which can affect the quality of copra products. The solution offered is to increase understanding of distribution management in Kelompok UMKM Desa Lapeo, then maximize the determination of the right product distribution to improve the economy of owner business.
Analysis of the Relationship between Certain Biokinematic and Goniometric Variables of the Linear Smash with Explosive Force Upwards, Forwards, and in Volleyball Shooting
Authors: Tariq Ismael Ayad
Published: May 2024

Linear smash, a potent offensive weapon in volleyball, demands complex biomechanical coordination and techniques. This study aimed to identify the biokinematic and goniometric variables of a linear smash and explore their relationship with explosive strength during performance. The research sample comprised 11 female volleyball players from the Sanharib Club. Physical tests measured explosive strength through vertical/forward jumps and medicine ball throws. The biokinematic variables included center of mass elevation/displacement, arch depth, movement time, and velocities. Goniometric variables measured the joint angles during execution. The video analysis software extracted variable values during players' smash attempts. Key findings revealed significant inverse correlations between explosive vertical jump strength and horizontal center-of-mass distance (-0.911) and between explosive medicine ball throw strength and horizontal distance (0.891). Additionally, a positive correlation existed between medicine ball throw strength and shoulder joint angle at the maximum arch (0.82). The vertical center of mass elevation was inversely correlated with the forward jump distance (-0.776). Strong but insignificant relationships emerged between variables such as horizontal speed/medicine ball throw and takeoff-landing distance/jump time. The results highlight the importance of the explosive strength for upward/forward propulsion and proper joint angles for efficient energy transfer during smashing. Recommendations include focusing on correlated variables through targeted training, utilizing joint ranges of motion, and incorporating additional biodynamic factors. This study provides insights into optimizing the linear smash through biomechanical analysis and training interventions.
Warisan Sastra Intertestamental Yahudi bagi Doktrin Trinitas Surat Efesus
Authors: Prabowo Paulus Dimas
Published: May 2024

The doctrine of the Trinity in the New Testament, especially in Paul's writings, is often thought to have a legacy from Greek culture. However, most of the New Testament writers, including Paul, were first century Jews with Second Temple Period Judaism. Therefore, observations of the doctrine of the Trinity need to look at Jewish intertestamenal literature, including the Apocrypha, Pseudepigrapha, and Qumran Texts which project the thoughts of the Second Temple Period of Judaism. Through thematic and comparative analysis methods, it was found that intertestamental Jewish literature inherited the doctrine of the Trinity in Ephesians in the form of the concept of God as Father, conveying the people as children of God (adopted), the Messiah as Lord and Son of God, the role of Messiah King and Messiah Priest, The dead Messiah, as well as the concept of the Holy Spirit dwelling within the community, provided the impetus for prophecy, as well as being a source of knowledge, guide and protector. Finally, it can be confirmed that Jewish influence is far greater than Greek influence in the doctrine of the Trinity.Doktrin Trinitas di dalam Perjanjian Baru, khususnya dalam tulisan-tulisan Paulus, sering dianggap memiliki warisan dari budaya Yunani. Namun kebanyakan penulis kitab Perjanjian Baru, termasuk Paulus, merupakan orang-orang Yahudi abad pertama dengan pandangan Second Temple Periode Judaism. Oleh sebab itu, pengamatan terhadap doktrin Trinitas perlu melihat sastra intertestamental Yahudi, meliputi Apokrifa, Pseudepigrafa, dan Teks Qumran yang memproyeksikan pemikiran Second Temple Periode Judaism. Melalui metode analisis tematik dan komparasi, ditemukan bahwa sastra intertestamental Yahudi memberikan warisan terhadap doktrin Trinitas di dalam Surat Efesus berupa konsep Allah sebagai Bapa, pengangkatan umat sebagai anak Allah (adopsi), Mesias sebagai Tuhan dan Anak Allah, peran Mesias Raja dan Mesias Imam, Mesias yang mati, serta konsep Roh Kudus yang berdiam di dalam komunitas, memberi dorongan nubuat, serta sebagai sumber pengetahuan, pembimbing dan pelindung. Akhirnya dapat ditegaskan, bahwa bahwa pengaruh Yahudi jauh lebih besar daripada pengaruh Yunani dalam doktrin Trinitas.
Penanganan Konflik dalam Hubungan Pernikahan sebagai Bentuk Pelayanan Pastoral bagi Keluarga Kristen
Authors: Franky Franky
Published: May 2024

Conflict in marriage is inevitable and misunderstandings are a natural part of marriage. On the one hand, conflict in a marriage relationship can be destructive, creating resentment and distrust, disconnection, or violent confrontation.  But, on the other hand, conflict can also be positive, opening up issues for analysis, clarification and improved problem-solving, encouraging spontaneous and open communication so that the relationship between one party and the other can grow for the better. In relation to conflict. Based on the existing problems, specifically related to conflict in marital relationships that have a destructive impact, it is necessary to understand based on a Christian perspective on handling conflict in marital relationships based on the standards of God's Word as a form of pastoral service for every Christian family. To achieve the research objectives described above, the method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach through literature study. Through the method used, the results found that the handling of conflict in marital relationships in Christian families are first, the biblical view of the Christian family that must be understood as a preventive step towards conflict in marital relationships; second, pastoral assistance services for conflicted married couples and third, forgiveness as a solution in resolving conflict in marital relationships.Konflik di dalam pernikahan tidak dapat dihindari dan kesalahpahaman adalah suatu bagian yang alami dalam pernikahan. Di satu sisi, konflik dalam hubungan pernikahan dapat berakibat merusak, menciptakan rasa benci dan tidak percaya, pemutusan hubungan, atau konfrontasi dengan kekerasan.  Tapi, di sisi yang lain, konflik juga dapat berakibat positif, dengan membuka permasalahan agar dapat dianalisa, diperjelas dan memperbaiki pemecahan masalah, mendorong komunikasi yang spontan dan terbuka sehingga hubungan antara satu pihak dan yang lainnya dapat tumbuh menjadi lebih baik. Berkaitan dengan konflik. Berdasarkan permasalahan yang ada, secara khusus berkaitan dengan konflik dalam hubungan pernikahan yang berdampak destruktif, maka dibutuhkan pemahaman berdasarkan perspektif Kristen tentang penanganan konflik dalam hubungan pernikahan berdasar standar Firman Tuhan sebagai bentuk pelayanan pastoral bagi setiap keluarga Kristen. metode yang digunakan Untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian yang telah dipaparkan diatas adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif melalui studi literatur. Melalui metode yang digunakan, maka hasil yang ditemukan bahwa Penanganan Konflik dalam hubungan Pernikahan dalam keluarga Kristen adalah pertama, Pandangan Alkitab mengenai Keluarga Kristen yang harus dipahami sebagai Langkah Preventif terhadap Konflik dalam Hubungan Pernikahan; kedua, Pelayanan Pendampingan Pastoral bagi Pasangan Suami Isteri yang Berkonflik dan ketiga, Pengampunan Sebagai Solusi dalam Penyelesaian Konflik dalam Hubungan Pernikahan.
Histological Features of Olfactory Bulb Layers in the African Striped Ground ‎Squirrel (Xerus erythropus)‎
Authors: Abiyere E. , Umosen A. D. , Ali M. N. , Umar M. B. , Zubairu M. , Muazu T. A. , Omar H. A. , Usende I. L.
Published: May 2024

The diurnal African Striped Ground Squirrel (ASGS) (Xerus erythropus), is a member of the rodent order Rodentia and family Sciuridae. Similar to most other vertebrates, the olfactory bulbs (OB) are located most rostrally in the brain and are an integral component of the brain circuitry system responsible for the sense of smell. In this work, the layers and anatomical characteristics of OB in the ASGS were examined. Six (6) adult ASGS were sourced from villages within Zaria Local Government. They were housed in standard laboratory cages and fed with corn and carrot. Water was given ad libitum. The squirrels were euthanized via the abdomen with an injection of ketamine HCL (80mg/kg BW), followed by transcardial perfusion with10% buffered formalin. Craniotomy was carried out to expose the entire brain and the OB was carefully harvested for histological evaluation. Six layers were visible in the olfactory bulb cortex, working their way inward from the outside in. The cells observed were mitral cells, peri-glomerular, granular, and tufted cells. Interestingly, the glomerular layer was observed to be a single layer cell type which is indicative of a good olfactory acuity. It was concluded that African Striped ground squirrel’s one-layered cell thick glomerular layer is indicative of good olfaction and sense of smell giving the ASGS an advantage for navigation in search for food and protection from predation.
Effect of Short-Term Road Transportation on Vital Parameters, ‎Haematology, Enzymatic Antioxidants and Cortisol Level of Healthy Dogs ‎‎(Canis Familiaris)‎
Authors: Olaifa F. H. , Ibiniyi P. M. , Omobowale T. O. , Okediran B. S.
Published: May 2024

TThe study aims at determining the effect of short-term road transportation on vital parameters, haematology, enzymatic antioxidants and cortisol level of healthy dogs. Ten apparently healthy dogs weighing 8-12 kg, comprising of both sexes (3 females and 2 males), aged between 6 to 8 months were used as experimental animals. Measurements of the vital parameters and blood sample collection for hemato-biochemical parameters were taken before and immediately after short-term transportation. Rectal temperature (RT) value of 37.8ºC ± 0.3 recorded before transport was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the value of 39.6ºC ± 0.1 recorded after transport, similarly, the heart rate (HR) values of 80 ± 2.8 beats per minute before transport was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the value of 121 ± 8.9 beats per minute recorded after the transport. There were no significant (P > 0.05) changes in the haematological indices before and after transportation. The activity of SOD reduced significantly (P < 0.05) from 140 ± 10 U/mg to 129.8 ± 12.6 U/mg. Cortisol level increased significantly (P < 0.05) from 18.7 ± 3.7 pg/ml before transport to 23.1 ± 4.5 pg/ml. In conclusion, short-term transportation induced stress in dogs by increasing rectal temperature, heart rate and cortisol level. The dogs were also subjected to oxidative stress.
Phytochemistry, Invitro Anti-Trypanosomal Efficacy and Acute Toxicity of ‎Allium sativum Linn. Bulb Aqueous Extract
Authors: Biu A. A. , Buratai L. B. , Maina U. A. , Yunus Y. S. , Aliyu U. , Kutigi A. A.
Published: May 2024

Allium sativum Linn. is a bulbos perennial plant of the Family Liliaceae has been reported as having potential medicinal properties. This study was on the phytochemistry, in vitro anti-trypanosomal efficacy and acute toxicity of Allium sativum Linn bulb aqueous extract using standard procedures. Qualitative phytochemistry indicated high scores (+++) for reducing sugars, moderate scores (++) for alkaloids, steriods and carbohydrates with low scores  (+) for tannins, flavonoids and saponins.  The median lethal dose of the aqueous extract in albino rats was determined to be 2400 mg/kg body weight following intraperitoneal administration. The albino rats exhibited weakness, lordosis, starry hair coat, awkward posture, loss of apetite. All the albino rats died within 24 hours. There was a significant (p<0.05) reduction in mean parasites count (x106) on exposure in vitro to all the graded extract concentrations compared with the normal, and parasite count also decreasedwith time post-inoculation. Similarly, a positive correlation existed between extract concentrations and inhibition rates of the parasites post-inoculation. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of Allium sativum has in vitro anti-trypanosomal activity.
Minerals and Trace Elements Profile of Apparently Healthy Horses in Ibadan ‎Polo Club, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Olaogun S. C. , Adedokun R. A. M. , Esan O. O.
Published: May 2024

Roles of trace elements and minerals in the overall performance, health and wellbeing of horses cannot be underestimated vis a viz deleterious effects on normal functioning of living organisms posed by prolonged exposure to toxic metals. We evaluated the levels of some minerals and trace elements and compared these parameters among different breed, age and gender. Forty-six apparently healthy horses in Ibadan Polo Club, Ibadan, Nigeria were used for this study. Minerals and trace elements analyses were performed using the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) (Varian Vista Pro®, Varian Medical Systems, Inc., California, USA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (Varian 820 MS®, Varian Medical Systems, Inc., California, USA). Student’s T-test was applied to establish differences in the values of minerals and trace elements in relation to breed, gender, and age. The results revealed statistically significant differences in the levels of Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe), and Iodine (I) and in the level of Silicon (Si), Chromium (Cr), and Iridium (Ir) in minerals and trace elements respectively with significantly higher values in Sudanese compared to Cross-bred horses. Mg, Fe, I, Cr, and Ir values were significantly higher in Mares compared to Stallion. Fe, I, Si, Mo and Cr values were significantly higher in young horses than in adult horses. Conclusively, significant variations were observed in the minerals and trace elements values regarding breed, sex, and age of Horses in Nigeria. Regular supplements of minerals lick and trace elements are advised especially for Cross-bred, Stallion, and adult horses.
Antibiotic Residues in fresh Chicken, Fish and Beef Meat samples in ‎Maiduguri, Nigeria
Authors: Mustapha A. , Musa S. I. , Suleiman M. I. , Abdullahi M. G. , Isa T. , Mahmoud F. Z. , Michael M. , Mohammed J. M. , Muhammad F. L. , Balumi A. , Ahmed U. U. , Jacob L. , Bukar H. , Audu F. G. , Musa M. I.
Published: May 2024

Prudent use of antibiotics in animal industry is essential for treatment of diseases and preventive measure. However, uncontrolled use of these agents in large amounts and consistently could result in the formation of antibiotic residues in muscle and organs of animal. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of antibiotic residue in fresh meats in Maiduguri. A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 to December 2022 to determine the antibiotic residue in 3 sources of meat samples. A total of 150 fresh meat samples (chicken, fish and beef) were collected from different sale points Maiduguri, and analyzed using a Premi® Test kit (R-Biopharm AG, Germany), a microbial screening commercial test kit for the detection of antibiotic residues. The results showed an overall antibiotic residue of 127/150 (84.7%) meat samples were positive for antibiotic residues. High antibiotic residues was found in Chicken meats 47/50 (94%), followed by fish 43/50 (86%), and beef 37/50 (74%). The results in this study show the presence of antibiotic residues in meat. Therefore, it is recommended that effective legislation on antibiotic use in animals should be enforced.
Sonographic changes during Postpartum Uterine Involution in Sahel Goats (Capra hircus)
Authors: Majama Y. B. , Zakariah M. , Sanda K. A. , Asuku S. O. , Bukar M. M. , Kwari H. D.
Published: May 2024

The use of ultrasonography as diagnostic tool is crucial in animal reproduction especially in pregnancy diagnosis and can be useful in the assessment of postpartum uterine involution. Uterine involution in does has been described using macroscopic and histological examination post-mortem. The present study was carried out to determine the time of uterine involution in live Sahel goats by measuring the uterine diameter using ultrasonography. A total of 35 non-pregnant does were estrus synchronized using 2 intramuscular injection cloprostenol (250µg/kg) at 11 days interval. All the does that came into estrus after the second treatment were allowed to run free with five bucks. Pregnancy was determined by ultrasonography and the does were monitored until successful parturition. It was found that the diameter of the uterus decreased from 88.6-118 mm on day 1 postpartum to 80.8-88.6 mm, 55.3-80.8, 45.6-55.3, 39.0-45.6 mm and 24.0-39.0 mm diameters on days 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 postpartum respectively. In conclusion, postpartum uterine involution in Sahel does was completed by day 28 postpartum.   This finding suggests that breeding of Sahel does can be considered after 28 days postpartum, particularly, in circumstances where suckling of the kids is not practicable or desired.
Antidiarrheal and Antispasmodic Effects of Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of ‎Boswellia ‎dalzielii H. in Wistar Rats
Authors: Yusuf‎ A. H. , Paul L. M. , Ibrahim L. , Haruna S. , Habeeb A. A. , John A. I. , Adamu L.
Published: May 2024

The modulatory potentials of the ethanolic stem bark extract of Boswellia dalzieliiH. on diarrhea and gastrointestinal motility was investigated in rats. Antidiarrheal activity was evaluated in castor oil induced model using 25 inbreed, overnight fasted rats divided into five groups (A-E). Intestinal motility was determined using Charcoal transit time in 25 overnight fasted rats divided equally into five groups (A-E). Graded doses of the plant extract(100,200 and 400mg/kg respectively) were given to groups B, C and D, while group A served as vehicle control (VEH) (distilled water) and group E served as Atropine control(0.1mg/kg). Antispasmodic activity of the plant extract was determined with 3cm piece of isolated rat ileum incubated in a thermostatically regulated organ bath. The set-up allows for in vitro assessment of intestinal motility with atropine and acetylcholine as standard drugs for cholinergic muscarinic receptor potentials. The ethanolic stem bark extract of Boswellia dalzielli H significantly (P< 0.0001) and dose dependently reduced castor oil induced diarrhea and activated charcoal transit time in rats. The plant extract significantly (P<0.05) and dose dependently inhibited acetylcholine induced contractility of isolated ileac segments of rats when compared to controls. The ethanolic stem bark extract of Boswellia dalzielii H causes delay in gastrointestinal contractions via the inhibition of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in rats.
In vitro Acaricidal Effect of Jatropha curcas Methanol Extract on ‎Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus larvae
Authors: Ijoh B. B. , Luka J. , Gimba F. I. , George B. D. J. , Chiezey N. , Suleiman M. M. , Dandam P. K. , Inegbenosun C. U. , Muhammad S. T.
Published: May 2024

Tick infestation is considered a major problem because ticks cause widespread nuisance and losses and vectors of disease-causing agents, resulting in economic losses in livestock production. The use of chemical agents is the main stay in tick-control though current research into viable plant extracts as alternatives are on the increase. This study evaluated the larvicidal effect of crude methanolic extract of Jatropha curcas seed oil extract on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratusticks. Various concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/ml were prepared from a stock (100 mg/ml) solution of the sample; control using 1% tween 80 and standard acaricide; Amitraz (positive control) were used. The mortalities were observed at time intervals of 6, 12, 18, 24 and 48 hours. The experiment was performed in triplicate. The extract had an LC50 and LC90 of 2.88mg/ml and 6.76mg/ml respectively after 48h. Carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, saponins, tannins, steroids, terpenes, alkaloids and flavonoids were detected as phytoconstituents, and the extract exhibited significant mean percentage mortality from the control across all the concentrations after 24h. The result confirms that J. curcas is a good alternative to be used as a larvicidal agent in the control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus.
Analysis of Oxytetracycline Concentration in some Brands of Oxytetracycline ‎available for Veterinary use in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria ‎
Authors: Umaru B. , Adawaren E. O. , Al-Amin M. A. , Maina U. A. , Zongoma Y. A. , Mohammed M. B. , Stephen U. A. , Basil M. B. , Ngulde S. I.
Published: May 2024

Oxytetracycline is one of the commonly used antibiotics in veterinary practice in Nigeria. Questionnaire survey was conducted to ascertain the brands of oxytetracycline commonly used among veterinary clinicians, veterinary pharmacies, and livestock farmers. Spectrophotometric method was used to determine the actual concentration of some oxytetracycline brands sold over the counter for veterinary use. Five brands of oxytetracycline soluble powder were obtained from veterinary pharmacies in Maiduguri Metropolis. The percentage content of the oxytetracycline brands were 51.72%, 80.82%, 112.30%, 60.34% and 29.50% respectively. Four out of the five brands (80%) contained less than the labelled concentration. There was moderate positive correlation (r = 0.506) between the analyzed brands and their expiring dates. This implies that there is an ongoing administration of sub-standard antibiotics to animals with consequences including but not limited to development of resistance, therapy failure, toxicity, and side effects. Results of survey revealed 97.6% of the respondents use oxytetracycline and 41 different brands were available in Maiduguri. All (100%) the respondents either found oxytetracycline to be very effective or effective, while 80% of the respondents did not notice any side effects following use of the drug. It was concluded that oxytetracycline was widely used and regarded as an effective drug by the respondents but 80% of the brands had oxytetracycline concentration below the labelled concentration. Proper monitoring and quality control assurance should be enforced by regulatory agencies.
The Effect of High Ambient Temperature on Acid-Base Balance and ‎Electrolyte Parameters in Rats
Authors: Sajo M. U. , Atsema S. B. , Wulgo A. M. , Bitrus W. , Wiam I. M. , Sandabe U. K.
Published: May 2024

Exposure to high environmental temperature could lead to different heat-related illness as well as worsening some disease conditions. Thirty rats were used to determine the nature of the disturbances of the acid-base balance and electrolytes of blood serum after exposure to high ambient temperature. Twenty rats which formed the experimental group were exposed to sun for 30 minutes daily for two weeks, while the remaining rats served as the unexposed control group. The serum pH, serum HCO3- and electrolytes of both the groups in the first week and the second week were obtained using pH meter, back titration, flame photometry, mercurite titrimetric and spectro-photometry. Histopathology of the lungs and kidneys of rats from each group was carried out using basic histological technique. Results show decreased level of serum HCO3- and increased level of serum pH in the experimental group. In the second week there is significant difference in HCO3- levels (p<0.05). The serum pH in 1st and 2nd week did not show any significant difference in regard to change in the temperature. The findings also showed that high ambient temperature have significant effect on serum sodium (Na+), serum chloride (Cl-) and serum potassium levels (K) (p<0.05); but did not affect serum calcium (Ca+) level (p>0.05). There is glomerular degeneration, interstitial haemorrhage and tubular distension due to fluid retention in the kidney as revealed by the photomicrograph of the exposed rat kidneys. In the lungs of the exposed rat, there is mild interstitial haemorrhage and peribronchoilar epithelial shading. In conclusion, this study indicates that serum calcium is not significantly affected like in the case of serum sodium, chloride and potassium during heat stress and respiratory alkalosis is the predominant acid-base disorder in rats exposed to sun due the occurrence of hyperventilation in heat stress. This research provided some references of acid-base and electrolytes disorder in rats exposed to high ambient temperature.
Comparison of the Therapeutic Efficacy of Diminazene Aceturate and ‎Isometamidium Chloride in Local Dogs Experimentally Infected ‎with Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Akpa P. O. , Ukwueze C. S. , Nnaji T. O. , Anene B. M.
Published: May 2024

The chemotherapeutic efficacy of diminazene aceturate (DA) and isometamidium chloride (IMC) were compared in dogs experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei. Twenty Nigerian local breeds of dogs were used for the study. They were divided into four groups of five dogs each. Dogs in group I served as uninfected untreated control, group II was infected untreated, while groups III and IV were the infected treated with DA and IMC respectively. Administration of DA and IMC effectively cleared the parasites from the blood stream of the treated dogs. However, the infection subsequently relapsed at days 28 and 49 post treatment (pt) in DA and IMC treated groups, respectively. The red cell parameters (PCV, HB, and RBC) decreased significantly (P<0.05) following infection. They were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in IMC treated group than the DA treated group comparable with the control. The infected groups had elevated total white blood cell counts. However, the DA treated, and IMC treated groups did not show any significant (P> 0.05) difference when compared together with the control. The mean activities of SAP, AST, and ALT increased significantly (P<0.05) in the infected groups compared with the control. The mean blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increased significantly (P<0.05) on days 21 and 28 post infection (pi) in the infected untreated group and IMC treated groups. The mean creatinine(CRT) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in all the infected groups on day 14 pi compared to the control. From day 35 pi the mean BUN and CRT levels returned to normal values. It was thus concluded from this study that IMC exhibited more chemotherapeutic therapeutic activity over DA, as evidenced from the result of relapsed infections post treatment and haematological changes. However, the serum biochemical parameters were significantly altered in both DA and IMC treated groups compared to the control.
Prevalence and Diversity of Zoonotic Protozoa in Dogs in Lokoja, North ‎Central, Nigeria
Authors: Adeiza A. M. , Sani N. A. , Alhaji N. B. , Godwin E. A. , Okwolo C. E. , Uchendu G.
Published: May 2024

The risk of zoonotic protozoan diseases has increased in recent times through the unregulated breeding of dogs in the neighbourhood of human dwellings. Dogs (341) brought into the seven major (Based on full employment of at least one veterinarian) veterinary clinics in Lokoja, North Central Nigeria (October 2021 to August, 2022) for medical evaluations were enlisted in this study to determine the prevalence and diversity of zoonotic protozoa in the dogs. Faecal and blood samples were screened using modified Ziehl – Neelsen and direct microscopy techniques for the presence of intestinal and blood protozoan oocysts. Out of the faecal and blood samples collected from each of the 341 dogs enlisted in the study, 207 (60.7%) were positive for protozoa. Faecal protozoa had a higher frequency of occurrence; 50.4% (172/341) compared to blood protozoan; 10.3% (35/341).Eimeria histolytica was the most frequently occurring protozoa; 14.4% (49/341), followed by Giardia; 12.0% (41/341) and the least was Babesia; 3.8% (13/341). There was however no significant difference in the prevalence of protozoa and the type of parasite (P = 0.702). Age-specific, prevalence showed that puppies under 1 year had a higher prevalence of protozoa; 84.1% (174/207) compared to the adults; 16.0% (33/207). The relationship was not significant (χ2=3.816; P = 0.702). Local breed of dogs had the highest prevalence of protozoa; 68.2% (137/201), followed by exotic; 60.47% (26/43) and the least was the cross breed, 45.4% (44/97). There is a significant difference in the prevalence of protozoa in local and cross breeds of dogs (P = 0.001). The female dogs had a higher prevalence; 77.0% (117/152) compared to males; 45.5% (86/189). There was an association between prevalence of protozoa and sex of dogs (χ2 = 16.77; P = 0.010).
Comparison of the Haematological Parameters of Indigenous and Exotic ‎Dogs in Maiduguri, Nigeria
Authors: Igbokwe N. A. , Isah H. A. , Ezema K. U.
Published: May 2024

Health status of dogs may be assessed with haematological parameters, but adaptation to environmental stress can lead to adjustment of these normal parameters. This study was designed to compare the haematological parameters of indigenous and exotic dogs in Maiduguri during the hot dry season. Forty apparently healthy indigenous (n = 20) and exotic(n = 20) dogs of both sexes and aged from 3-48 months were used. Blood sample (5 ml) was collected from the cephalic vein of each dog in EDTA bottles. Parameters were determined using microhaematocrit method for packed cell volume (PCV), haemocytometery for red blood cell (RBC) count and total white blood cell (TWBC) count, cyanmethemoglobin method for haemoglobin concentration (Hb), and examination of stained blood smear for relative differential white blood cell (WBC) count. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and absolute differential WBC counts were calculated. The TWBC and neutrophil counts were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in indigenousthan exotic dogs. Exotic females had significantly (p < 0.05) lower MCHC and neutrophil count than indigenous females and all males. Age significantly (p < 0.05) affected MCV, but the highest value was recorded in young exotic dogs. Adult indigenous dogs had significantly (p < 0.05) higher neutrophil count than young indigenous and all exotic dogs. Monocyte count was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in young than adult exotic and all indigenous dogs. However, haematologicalvalueswere within standard reference intervals for dogs.
Preparation of Chitosan Nanoparticle from Crab Shells and Evaluation of ‎Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Chitosan-loaded ‎Haematostaphisbarteri Hook. f. Stembark Extract
Authors: Ukwubile C. A. , Ikpefan E. O. , Milagawanda H. H. , Ijoh B. B.
Published: May 2024

Haematostaphis barteri Hook. f. is a tree belonging to the Family Anacardiaceae whose morphological parts have been used for decades for treating various diseases in Northern Nigeria. This study aimed to prepare chitosan nanoparticles from crab shells and evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of chitosan loaded with stembark extract from H. barteri. Phytochemical screening of extract, preparation of chitosan, and evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities were carried out following standard procedures. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and cardiac glycosides while steroids, triterpenes and anthracenes were absent. The LD50 of the crude methanol extract in Wistar albino rats was determined to be greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight and after 14 days of single dose oral administration. No signs of toxicity were recorded. Prepared chitosan nanoparticle loaded with extract has a yield of 26.54 %, particle size of 210 ± 1.01 nm, zeta potential of 25.4 ± 1.02 V, drug entrapment efficiency of 68.4 %, cumulative drug release of 88.24 % and swelling index of 58.14 %. The extract produced a dose-dependent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. The chitosan-loaded extract produced the highest inhibition of writhing and paw oedema diameter in the rats, which was significant (p < 0.05) when compared with the normal controls and standards. In conclusion, the study showed that chitosan-loaded stembark extract from H. barteri possessed more potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities than those delivered without chitosan nanoparticles. The study further affirms the potential usefulness use of the stembark extract for the treatment of pain and inflammation.
Topography of the Nasal Conchae of Sahel Goat ‎ ‎(Capra hircus)‎
Authors: Girgiri I. A. , Timta M. H. , Kachallah M. M. , Maikudi U. A.
Published: May 2024

A total of five heads of adult Sahel goat obtained from slaughterhouse was examined to elucidate the topography of the nasal conchae. The heads were fixed in 10% formalin and mid-sagittal and cross-sections were performed to examine the shape, form, and explore the internal configuration of the conchae. The cylindrical shaped nasal cavity was divided into two equal halves by a median nasal septum and further reduces into sequence of clefts and meatus by the nasal conchae. The dorsal nasal concha was spindle shaped with tapered rostral ends that blends into the straight fold. The cone shaped middle nasal concha was situated caudo-ventral to both the dorsal and ventral nasal conchae and was bounded by the caudal ethmoidal labyrinth. The ventral nasal concha was the largest and extends rostral into dorsal alar fold and ventral basal fold. These conchae are formed by delicate lamellae that presented distinct structural pattern, depending on the levels of cross-sectional planes. The dorsal, middle, and ventral nasal meatuses which defined the nasal conchae, connects with the common meatus that lie parallel to the median nasal septum.
Antibiofilm Potential of Aqueous Extracts of Garcinia kola against ‎Salmonella species in Greater Cane Rat (Thryonomys swinderianus, ‎Temmink 1827) from Badagry, Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Orum T. G. , Gilbert T. T. , Omirinde J. O. , Okunlade O. A. , Okoronkwo O. M. , Yilave B. M. , Edward I. G. , Omile I. C.
Published: May 2024

Biofilms encompass a cluster of microorganisms encased in a slimy matrix of extracellular polymeric substances, which imbibe antibiotic resistance. Salmonella specie is a major bacterial cause of food-borne diseases in both humans and animals. The prevalence of Salmonella species is increasing which may form biofilm, and bacteria that form biofilm may be more resistant to antimicrobial agents. This study is intended to determine the presence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella species among greater cane rats and carry out the biofilm formation of isolated Salmonella species and dispersion using Garcinia kola. A total of 20 cane rats were obtained from a farm in Lagos state and roadside hunters. Samples of rectal swabs were collected aseptically for bacterial culture. Bacteria isolation was done with selective media using standard bacteriological techniques following pre-enrichment of the samples with buffered peptone water. Gram staining and biochemical tests were used for confirmation of the organisms. An antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed following standard protocol. Zones of inhibition were measured and categorized as totally sensitive and resistant. Nine (9) isolates of Salmonella species were obtained from rectal swabs of greater cane rats. A modified crystal violet assay was employed to develop biofilm and test the effect of a crude extract of Garcinia kola on biofilm dispersal. Data obtained from this study was subjected to statistical analysis using descriptive statistics and paired t-test at a level of significance of P ≤ 0.05. The overall prevalence of Salmonella species obtained in this study was 45%. Antimicrobial study showed susceptibility of 77.8% for Chloramphenicol and 66.7% for Cefuroxime while all isolates were 100% susceptible to Amikacin and Gentamicin. The effect of Garcinia kola extract on different isolates at 430nm showed a significant difference (p= 0.0348) in biofilm formation in isolates with Garcinia kola extract when compared with isolates without extract. The effect of Garcinia kola extract on different isolates at 650nm elicited significant (p = 0.0216) biofilm inhibitions across the isolates. The antibiofilm activity displayed by Garcinia kola suggests its potential to serve as an alternative antimicrobial agent to combat drug resistant bacteria such as Salmonella species.  However, further investigations should be carried out on the individual bioactive compounds to know the exact metabolites responsible for the antibiofilm activity of this bacteria species.
Pathology and Oxidative Stress Changes Associated with Pregnancy ‎Toxaemia in Ewes
Authors: Adam M. , Ajadi A. A. , Atata J. A. , Olaniyi M. O. , Raufu I. A. , Lawal F. M. , Bashir A. , Odetokun I. O. , Raji L. O. , Balogun R. B. , Ghali-Mohammed I.
Published: May 2024

Pregnancy toxaemia is often associated with negative energy balance, and ewes carrying multiple lambs are at risk due to high energy requirements. Deficient nutritional intake with a consequent body fat mobilization for energy, results in production of reactive oxygen species which leads to pathologic changes. This study aimed to evaluate the pathology and oxidative stress changes associated with pregnancy toxaemia in ewes. A total of 33 animals aged 2-3 years with mean weight of 40 ± 0.43 to 60 ± 0.50 kg, were selected from different private breeders’farms in Ilorin. Twenty-three animals that showed signs of pregnancy toxaemia (recumbence, weakness, and restlessness) were selected and labeled as group A. Ten healthy non-pregnant ewes were also labeled as group B. There was a significant increase in packed cell volume (PCV%), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and glucose level in ewes with pregnancy toxaemia, while there was a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels in pregnancy toxaemia group. Postmortem findings included, congested ocular mucous membrane, congested and enlarged lungs, liver and spleen, congested intestinal mucosa and brain meninges, enlarged heart and dilated ventricles, atrophy of fat along the coronary grove of the heart, pale and enlarged liver, excess abdominal fat, and two dead fetuses. On the other hand, the histopathological examination of the pregnancy toxaemia group showed livers with oedematous areas and regular border vacuoles. The lungs were also congested and oedematous There is tubular necrosis and areas of congestion in the kidneys. In conclusion, this study reveals significant hematological and biochemical changes indicative of oxidative stress, alongside pathological findings in various organs such as the liver, lungs, and kidneys. These results underscore the complexity of pregnancy toxaemia and emphasize the need for further research to develop better management strategies.