bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the Representation of Social Space on the Perception of Crime by Juveniles
Authors: Zlokazov Kirill , Ilyankova Ekaterina , Rozhkov Anton
Published: March 2021

The relevance of this research is connected with the necessity of develo­ping the theory of delinquent behavior and of improving the prevention of juvenile delinquency. The analysis of clauses that form the foundation of delinquency prevention programs shows the dominance of personal, behavioral and social environment-related views and a poor development of subjective views that modify the understanding of social consequences of crimes by adolescents. The goal of this research was to study the ideas of adolescents regarding social space and their impact on their assessment of crimes and their consequences.
The study was based on the principles and clauses of a subjective approach, and the social-cognitive theory. The information processing methods included the frequency content-analysis (text-meaning), the assessment of differences (H-test of Kruskal-Wallis), and the multi-factor, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
The authors established that juvenile delinquents’ understanding of interactions in the social space has an influence on their description of crimes. They also determined the statistical differences in the understanding of interaction with the social space between law-abiding adolescents and juvenile delinquents. It was shown that juvenile delinquents believe that social space ignores and devalues them, while law abiding adolescents believe that it is sensitive and supportive. Juvenile delinquents consider it possible to be irresponsible and dishonest in their interactions with other people, while law abiding adolescents strive to be responsible, honest and fair. The authors found out that the assessment of relationships with the social environment has an impact on the description of the consequences of a crime in a group of juvenile delinquents. The obtained results specify the ideas on the subjectivity of juvenile delinquents, prove that the subjective world view determines how the crime itself and its consequences are perceived, provide additional evidence that underage crimes are determined by the disruption of the relationship with the social environment, and show that the consequences of crimes are described using the vocabulary of risks and opportunities, consequences and advantages, break-up with the close ones and isolation.
Moral Truth and Criminology: Back to Its Classical Roots
Authors: Chitov Alexandre
Published: March 2021

This paper argues for the relevance of classical criminology for addressing contemporary problems of the criminal justice system. Despite many fundamental differences in political and cultural contexts, the central themes of classical crimino­logy continue to be relevant for our time. One such theme is the criticism of criminal law for imposing very harsh penalties. Penalties become cruel if they produce fear rather than moral responsibility. Criminal laws based on fear rather than conscience and reason are the expressions of political tyranny. The importance of developing moral responsibility has been reflected in a number of contemporary criminological theories. They, however, differ from classical criminology in one important aspect. Contemporary criminology, even though accepting the importance of morality in preventing crimes, does not affirm the existence of a moral truth. Classical criminology, as developed by Beccaria and Bentham, is based on a belief in moral truth as the criterion for evaluating contemporary institutions of criminal law. One instance of moral truth is that crimes are acts of free will. In contrast, many contemporary criminological theories do not recognize the concept of free will, which still remains the underlying principle of responsibility in criminal law. Rational choice theory is an exception. The paper highlights some shortcomings of the classical and rational choice theories from the viewpoint of a criminal law theorist. However, these shortcomings do not reduce the overriding importance of the unity of law, morals, and criminology. In order to reach a greater unity between the disciplines of criminology and criminal law, there is a need for the return to, and the acceptance of the main ethical tenets of classical criminology.
Teaching the “Other Law” in a South African University: Some Problems Encountered and Possible Solutions
Authors: M Maithufi (In Memory)  , CA Maimela
Published: March 2021

African customary law is a legal system that is recognised in South Africa and forms part of the law of the indigenous people of South Africa. Due to colonialism and apartheid, this legal system was rejected and underdeveloped in favour of common law. The supremacy of the Constitution and its recognition of African customary law as an independent legal system, separate from the common law, aimed to correct past injustices that flowed from the underdevelopment of this important legal system. Whether the Constitution and higher learning institutions have attained the goal of developing African customary law in South Africa is a question that will be explored and debated in this contribution. Its aim is to assess the role of higher learning institutions in developing African customary law through their teaching of this system of law, as well as to outline some of the challenges faced by these institutions in offering an African customary law course to students. Possible solutions are discussed; the aim is to ensure that the teaching component of African customary law is developed, and to contribute to the current debate about curriculum transformation among universities and various stakeholders in higher learning. Curriculum transformation is key to the future development and inclusiveness of the South African community that is so diverse.
Understanding the Law on Sexual Harassment in the Workplace (through a Case Law Lens): A Classic Fool’s Errand
Authors: Lux Lesley Kubjana
Published: March 2021

Sexual harassment at the workplace has become commonplace in South Africa, as is the case elsewhere in the world. International study that investigated the prevalence of sexual harassment at workplaces points that although it affects both men and women, most reported incidents portray women as more prone than men. Similar outlook is reflected in South Africa. The author is of the view that these numbers provide an opportunity to reflect and review the status quo insofar as regulation of sexual harassment is concerned. While this article acknowledges the general will to combat sexual harassment in South Africa, it raises concerns about both the regulation of and the interpretation of the sexual harassment regulatory framework. These two components do not seem to complement one another as they should. This is evident from a reading of the Code of Good Practice on the Handling of Sexual Harassment Cases, both in its original and amended form, which have leanings towards a subjective and guilt-presuming inquiry in the determination of what constitutes sexual harassment. Irreconcilable CCMA and court decisions bear testimony to this claim. First, the article argues that a subjective approach is susceptible to abuse and provides a breeding ground for more inconsistencies in sexual harassment jurisprudence. Moreover, individual perception cannot be determinative. Secondly, it bemoans the pattern by courts and the CCMA of overlooking the grammatical meaning of the words used in the Code of Good Practice. This article argues for the adoption of a pragmatic and objective approach based on facts and logic when dealing with sexual harassment at the workplace.
Методика получения серебросодержащего сорбента на основе бентонита для фиксации соединений радиоиода
Authors: Tyupina Ekaterina A. , Pryadko Artem V. , Merkuskin Aleksey O.
Published: March 2021

Работа относится к области радиоэкологии и посвящена защите окружающей среды от радиоактивных изотопов иода. В радиоактивных отходах (РАО) иод находится в анионных формах I‑ и IO3‑, в этих формах возможна миграция радиоиода в окружающую среду. Системы инженерных барьеров безопасности в хранилищах РАО должны предотвращать попадание радионуклидов за пределы хранилища. Их предполагается сооружать из компактированных бентонитовых глин, обладающих высокими водоизоляционными и катионообменными свойствами, но не сорбирующими анионы. Следовательно, требуется модификация бентонитов для придания им способности сорбировать иод, перспективным вариантом которой является нанесение серебра с последующим переводом его в соединения, подходящие для фиксации любых подвижных форм радиоиода. Существует ряд методик нанесения серебра на различные материалы, однако, они отличаются трудоёмкостью или не позволяют равномерно наносить серебро на пористые материалы.

В данной работе навеску нитрата серебра растворяли в дистиллированной воде и вносили двукратный мольный избыток гидроксида натрия. Выпавший осадок оксида серебра растворяли, добавляя по каплям концентрированный раствор аммиака. Затем в раствор добавляли гексаметилентетрамин (ГМТА). Объём готового раствора был равен водоёмкости навески бентонита с небольшим избытком. Раствор вносили в бюкс с известной навеской бентонита и оставляли на 25 часов для полного набухания материала. Затем бюкс выдерживали в течение 24 часов в сушильном шкафу при 90°C. При повышенной температуре происходил термический гидролиз ГМТА с выделением формальдегида, который восстанавливал серебро до металла. Для определения количества нанесённого серебра бентонит обрабатывали 2 см3 3М азотной кислоты и титровали полученный раствор стандартизированным раствором роданида аммония в присутствии ионов Fe3+. Согласно результатам титрования, выход восстановленного серебра, осаждённого на поверхность бентонита составил 95% от внесённого количества. Электронную микроскопию и энергодифракционную спектроскопию (ЭДС) проводили на сканирующем электронном микроскопе TESCAN VEGA 3. На ЭДС-спектре присутствует отчётливый пик на энергии 2.984 кЭв, свидетельствующий о присутствии серебра на поверхности частиц  исследованного образца, которое как показало рентгеновское картирование, распределено по поверхности бентонита равномерно.

Разработана эффективная методика равномерного нанесения металлического серебра на бентонит с высоким выходом (95%) для последующего перевода его в соединения, подходящие для фиксации любых подвижных форм радиоиода, например, растворимой анионной формы радиоиода в хранилищах РАО.
Interview with Sergey Khoruzhiy on the History and Current State of Russian Religious Thought
Authors: Mikhailovsky Alexander , Stoeckl Cristina , Khoruzhy Sergey
Published: March 2021

The conversation with Sergey Khoruzhiy took place in March of the year during his visit to the Institute of Human Sciences in Vienna. The questions were asked at that time by the Institute's freelance staff — Kristina Stoeckl and Alexander Mikhailovsky. The conversation was conducted in English. The transcribed text of the interview with abbreviations was published in the journal Studies in East European Thought: Michailowski A., Stoeckl K. Interview with Sergey Horujy / / Studies in East European Thought. — 2016. - Vol. 68, No. 2/3. - P. 1-8. Russian translation by A.V. Mikhailovsky.
Развитие человеческого потенциала, социальная политика и электронное гражданское участие в российских регионах
Authors: Кабанов Юрий Андреевич , Чугунов Андрей Владимирович
Published: March 2021

Человеческий потенциал, социальная политика и электронное гражданское участие взаимообусловлены. С одной стороны, грамотное социальное инвестирование в человеческое развитие – важное условие появления спроса на механизмы участия со стороны граждан, что в свою очередь усиливает готовность органов власти к внедрению инноваций. С другой стороны, электронное участие само по себе является воплощением социального инвестирования, направленным на усиление «обратной связи» общества по вопросам реализации социально-экономической политики. В статье тестируется данная взаимосвязь применительно к российским регионам. За последние годы в России появилось большое количество площадок электронного участия. Однако исследователи часто отмечают их недостаточную эффективность, а также существенные диспропорции в их развитии на региональном уровне. С помощью авторской методики оценки нами были получены данные о представленности и функциональном развитии каналов электронного участия в субъектах РФ. Полученные показатели были использованы в количественном исследовании. Результаты корреляционного и регрессионного анализа свидетельствуют о значимости человеческого потенциала и социальной ориентированности бюджетов регионов для развития электронного участия по сравнению с другими потенциальными предикторами: развитием политических институтов, качеством государственного управления, а также расходами на ИКТ. Нельзя утверждать, что человеческое развитие с неизбежностью приводит к росту «спроса» на электронное участие со стороны граждан или «предложения» подобных механизмов со стороны органов власти. Однако наш анализ позволяет сделать вывод о важности социальной политики для его развития: помимо вложений в цифровую инфраструктуру, необходимо активное социальное инвестирование в человеческий потенциал. К возможным направлениям инвестиций здесь можно отнести выравнивание возможностей через повышение качества жизни незащищенных социальных групп, развитие социальных программ для активного населения, выравнивание региональных диспропорций, а также инвестирование в цифровые компетенции граждан и общественные инициативы.
Региональные системы социального предпринимательства в России: типология, факторы развития, ключевые противоречия
Authors: Смирнов Владимир Алексеевич
Published: March 2021

В России в последнее десятилетие актуализируется дискуссия вокруг социального предпринимательства, основу которой составляет проблематика более эффективного (по сравнению с бюджетными организациями) решения социальных проблем. Основными акторами, которые претендуют на статус социального предпринимателя, выступают социально ориентированные некоммерческие организации и субъекты малого и среднего бизнеса. В российских регионах формируется три механизма институциализации социального предпринимательства. Первый связан с развитием системы социальных инвестиций как со стороны государства, так и со стороны крупного бизнеса. Второй – с попыткой российского правительства включить негосударственные организации в систему государственной социальной политики через участие в предоставлении социальных услуг населению. Третий – с нормативным закреплением статуса социального предприятия. Ими должны стать субъекты малого и среднего бизнеса, реализующие социальную миссию. В статье анализируются особенности реализации двух первых механизмов в российских регионах. Важность рассмотрения социального предпринимательства через региональную призму связана с тем, что сегодня российские регионы развиваются неравномерно. В качестве информационной базы исследования автор использует собранные им данные, характеризующие систему государственных и негосударственных социальных инвестиций в России, а также региональные реестры поставщиков социальных услуг. На основе кластерного анализа осуществляется типология российских регионов с точки зрения развитости региональных социально-предпринимательских систем. Делается вывод о конкуренции социально ориентированных некоммерческих организаций и субъектов малого и среднего бизнеса на рынке социально-предпринимательских услуг. Развитие социально-предпринимательских практик в российских регионах характеризуется как низкое, выделяются три фактора, влияющих на такое положение дел: социально-экономическое развитие конкретного региона, уровень социальных инвестиций, наличие и эффективность институтов поддержки социального предпринимательства (таких как центры инноваций социальной сферы). Выявлен ряд непреднамеренных последствий государственной политики в России, которые тормозят развитие социального предпринимательства. Наиболее значимыми из них являются: укрепление межсекторных границ между некоммерческим сектором и бизнес-сообществом, снижение мотивации предпринимателей для развития социально-предпринимательских практик, доминирование бюджетных организаций на рынке социальных услуг.
COVID-19 Hastalarında Akut Solunum Sıkıntısı Sendromu Yönetimi
Authors: KARABACAK Pınar , KIRDEMİR Pakize
Published: March 2021

Covid 19, koronovirüsün, şiddetli akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromuna neden olduğu bulaşıcı bir hastalıktır. İlk vaka 2019'da Çin'in Wuhan kentinde tespit edildi. Hastalık o zamandan beri dünya çapında yayılarak bir pandemiye yol açtı.

Çoğu insan hafif ila orta şiddette semptomlara sahip olsa da, hastaların % 5'i kritik semptomlara (ARDS, şok, çoklu organ yetmezliği) sahiptir. Kalp hastalığı, hipertansiyon, diyabet ve kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı gibi mevcut sağlık koşullarına sahip kişiler ve bağışıklık sistemi zayıflamış kişiler, daha ciddi komplikasyonlar için daha yüksek risk altındadır.

Akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromu (ARDS), akciğerlerde hızlı başlayan yaygın inflamasyon ile karakterize bir solunum yetmezliği türüdür. Koronavirüsün neden olduğu hastalık olan COVID-19, pnömoni gibi akciğer komplikasyonlarına ve şiddetli vakalarda akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromuna (ARDS) neden olabilir. Bu duruma COVID-19 ile ilişkili akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromu (CARDS) denir. CARDS' a özgü mekanizmalar ve komorbiditeler mevcuttur ve bazı yönleri ile atipik bir ARDS olduğu düşünülebilir.

Önemli olarak, CARDS için spesifik kanıta dayalı tıbbi müdahaleler şu anda mevcut değildir ve tedavi çabaları çoğunlukla destekleyici YBÜ bakımı ile sınırlıdır.

CARDS yönetimi, önemli klinik ikilemler ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Şu anda hastalığa özgü tedavi yaklaşımının bulunmadığı spesifik CARDS durumunda, önleyici tedbirlerin özel bir önemi olduğu görülmektedir. Bu derlemede, altta yatan pulmoner patofizyolojiyi ve CARDS'ın klinik yönetimini tartışacağız.
Early mobilization for acute heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol v1
Authors: Okamura Masatsugu , Kataoka Yuki , Taito Shunsuke , Fujiwara Takashi , Ide Atsushi , Oritsu Hideyuki , Shimizu Masashi , Shimizu Yoshitaka , Someya Ryoko , Konishi Masaaki
Published: March 2021

Background Early mobilization for inpatient acute heart failure has been applied in clinical practice, but there is no consensus on the specific timing, efficacy, and safety of its initiation. For patients with heart failure, exercise therapy when their condition has stabilized has been shown to improve quality of life and reduce readmission rates. Although scoping reviews have been reported on early mobilization after acute myocardial infarction, no systematic review of early mobilization in patients with heart failure who are older and have a higher rate of multiple disabilities and physical deterioration than those with myocardial infarction has been reported, and its definition, efficacy, and safety have not been fully clarified. In heart failure, physical functions such as grip strength and activity of daily living (ADL) have been found to be associated with distant outcomes such as readmission rates and mortality, and early mobilization for acute heart failure, initiated to prevent physical conditioning and decline in ADLs, can contribute to these outcomes. Purpose The purpose of this study is to conduct a scoping review and systematic review of early mobilization for hospitalized heart failure to clarify its current definition and to evaluate its effectiveness and safety. Method and analysis [Part 1] Scoping review of early mobilization for heart failure (clinical definition) The purpose of our scoping review is to clarify current clinical definition of early mobilization for acute heart failure. We describe this protocol that follows the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) statement. We also use the scoping review framework by The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) following five stages approach: (1) identifying the research question; (2) identifying relevant studies; (3) study selection; (4) charting the data; and (5) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results. [Part 2] Systematic review and meta-analysis of early mobilization for acute heart failure Based on the scoping review above, we will design PICO and conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the efficacy and safety of early mobilization for acute heart failure. We used a systematic review protocol template (dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.biqrkdv6). We followed the Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 for preparing this protocol. Ethics and dissemination In this systematic review, only data from previously conducted studies will be analyzed. We will publish this systematic review in peer-reviewed journals.
SCRINSHOT v2
Authors: Sountoulidis Alexandros , Liontos Andreas , Phuong Nguyen Hong , not provided alexandra.firsova , Fysikopoulos Athanasios , Qian Xiaoyan , Seeger Werner , Sundström Erik , Nilsson Mats , not provided christos.samakovlis
Published: March 2021

SCRINSHOT (Single-Cell Resolution IN Situ Hybridization On Tissues) is a sensitive, multiplex RNA mapping approach. Direct hybridization of padlock probes on mRNA is followed by circularization with SplintR ligase and rolling circle amplification (RCA) of the hybridized padlock probes. Sequential detection of RCA-products using fluorophore-labeled oligonucleotides profiles thousands of cells in tissue sections. We evaluated SCRINSHOT specificity and sensitivity on murine and human organ sections. SCRINSHOT quantification of marker gene expression shows high correlation with published scRNA-Seq data over a broad range of gene expression levels.
Multiplexed scNOMe-seq protocol based on isolated single nuclei v3
Authors: Pott Sebastian , Wasney Michael , Khan Nadia
Published: March 2021

What follows is the protocol for performing single-cell Nucleosome Occupancy and Methylome sequencing on single nuclei (scNOMe-seq). This plate-based method, which can be used to simultaneously assess nucleosome occupancy and DNA methylation in single nuclei, draws upon the approach laid out in Luo et al., 2018. Everything from the initial nuclei sorting step to the final library preparation that directly precedes sequencing is included in this protocol. This protocol is optimized for non-neuronal nuclei and can be applied to a range of different cell types (e.g., intestinal organoid, fibroblasts). This is the method we are using and it is working. Adapted from "Robust single-cell DNA methylome profiling with snmC-seq2," by C. Luo et al., 2018, Nature Communications 9(1), pp. 1-6. Copyright 2018 by the authors.
DESENHO UNIVERSAL PARA MUSEUS: NOTAS SOBRE A ACESSIBILIDADE NOS ESPAÇOS CULTURAIS DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SERGIPE
Authors: Barroso Cristina de Almeida Valença Cunha , Jesus Priscila Maria de , Carmo Sura Souza
Published: March 2021

A pesquisa traz reflexões iniciais sobre o papel e a presença do desenho universal em instituições museais no âmbito da Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Concebe e questiona a acessibilidade para além das barreiras locomotivas, ao levantar recursos poucos explorados e viáveis para implementação nas três instituições analisadas: O Museu Arqueológico de Xingó, o Centro de Cultura e Artes e o Museu do Homem Sergipano. Como metodologia optou-se pela pesquisa qualitativa, a qual foi apoiada no levantamento bibliográfico e visitas in loco. A pesquisa busca oferecer subsídios teóricos que possibilitem a reflexão e a ampla implementação de políticas assistivas dentro dos espaços museais sergipanos, para que se tornem espaços cada vez mais acessíveis para todos.
OS DESAFIOS E AS PERSPECTIVAS DA INCLUSÃO NOS MUSEUS DE CIÊNCIAS BRASILEIROS
Authors: Schuindt Cláudia Celeste , Silveira Camila
Published: March 2021

O presente estudo busca contribuir para que se ampliem as discussões no tocante à Inclusão nos Museus de Ciências. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar quais são os desafios da inclusão do público com deficiência nos espaços museais e quais as contribuições dessa prática. A pesquisa é qualitativa do tipo hermenêutica fenomenológica que busca compreender a realidade e as suas implicações. Como técnica de constituição de dados, foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada com um coordenador/diretor dos Museus de Ciências acessíveis de cada uma das cinco regiões geográficas do Brasil. Os dados foram analisados segundo a perspectiva da Análise de Conteúdo, tendo como unidade de registro o tema, sistematizado em categorias emergentes da análise. Os resultados mostraram que os desafios da inclusão do público com deficiência nos espaços museais estão relacionados à dificuldade de acesso, inerente às barreiras físicas, arquitetônicas e estruturais; falta de recursos para implementação de medidas de acessibilidade que influenciam diretamente na inclusão; falta de formação dos mediadores para atender às demandas do público; barreiras comunicacionais e a pouca participação do público alvo na formulação de políticas e medidas de inclusão. Ressalta-se que a inclusão rompe com a visão elitizada dessas instituições e promove um cenário de diálogo e pertencimento a todas as pessoas. Apesar das dificuldades, é dever das instituições adotarem medidas que ampliem o acesso e incluam o visitante, haja visto que visitar um museu não significa, apenas, acessar o espaço, mas sim, a possibilidade de experimentar e vivenciar o ambiente, de forma segura e autônoma.
Mediatisasi dan Budaya: Pengalaman Peminat Gen Z Gelombang Korea Malaysia Mengharungi Pandemik Global Covid-19
Authors:   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Badrul Hisham Nurul Akqmie , Ahmad Abdul Latiff ,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Chang Peng Kee ,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Published: March 2021

Mediatization and Culture: Korean Wave and Malaysia’s Gen Z Fan in the Global Pandemic Covid-19 ABSTRACT Korean Wave is a global phenomenon that has made social media a major platform for promoting cultural products. Having fans from all over the world demonstrates its suitability to be a subject of study in the process of how the development of media technology has transformed people's lives. This article aims to explore the process of mediatization in society. This study seeks to explore how media technology plays a role in changing the culture of every day. Looking at the Korean wave, the researcher sought to understand the relationship between fans among gen Z and the phenomenon. This study is a qualitative research, using nethnography as a data collection technique. Samples were selected based on predefined criteria and then used Nvivo12 software to analyse the findings. The researcher further refined this study by focusing on the duration of movement control order only. This study seeks to understand how the entertainment industry survived and the relationship between the Korean wave phenomenon and fans in the face of a pandemic. The study found that despite the global pandemic, with a high level of digitalization among gen Z, the consumption of Korean cultural products among fans is still ongoing. Fan experience such as attending concerts and sharing information can still be done using the applications via media communication devices such as mobile phones, computers and tablets. The development of media communication technologies, change the way people communicate and the culture of every day. Keywords: Mediatization, Korean wave, netnography, gen Z, Covid-19.
Talkin’ ‘bout a Negotiation: (Un)Transparent Rapporteurs’ Speeches in the European Parliament
Authors: Pennetreau Damien , Laloux Thomas
Published: March 2021

For policies to be legitimate, both the policy process and the underlying reasons must be transparent to the public. In the EU, the lion’s share of legislation is nowadays negotiated in informal secluded meeting called trilogues. Therefore, presentation of the trilogues compromise by the rapporteur to the European Parliament (EP) plenary is, arguably, one of the few formal occasions for ‘transparency in process,’ i.e., public access to the details of actual interactions between policymakers. The aim of this article is thus to examine the extent to which rapporteurs are transparent about trilogue negotiations when presenting legislative compromises to the EP during plenary sessions, and to assess whether the extent of transparency is linked to the extent of conflict between legislative actors and to elements of the political context related to rapporteurs. To this purpose, we coded 176 rapporteur speeches and, on this basis, concluded that these speeches poorly discuss the trilogue negotiations. Interinstitutional negotiations are discussed in only 64% of cases, and even when they are, the extent of information about trilogues is generally small. While we do not find support for an effect of political conflicts, some characteristics linked with rapporteurs are significantly related to transparency in process of their speeches. This is the case for their political affiliation and their national culture of transparence.
Lobbying Transparency: The Limits of EU Monitory Democracy
Authors: Dinan William
Published: March 2021

This article examines the origins and current operation of the EU’s lobbying transparency register and offers a critical review of the drivers and politics associated with lobbying reform in Brussels. The analysis considers the dynamics of political communication in EU institutions and draws on concepts of the fourth estate, the public sphere and monitory democracy to illustrate the particular challenges around lobbying transparency and opening up governance processes to wider scrutiny, and wider participation, at the EU level. This article draws upon interviews, official data and participant observation of some of the deliberations on lobbying transparency dating back to the 2005 ETI. The analysis is brought up to date by examining the data within the Transparency Register itself, both substantively in terms of the kinds of information disclosed and in relation to trends around disclosures and registration, since the register was launched over a decade ago. The article concludes with a critical appraisal of the evolving issue culture relating to lobbying transparency in Brussels as well as recommendations for the development of the Transparency Register itself.
EU Transparency as ‘Documents’: Still Fit for Purpose?
Authors: Hillebrandt Maarten
Published: March 2021

In this thematic issue, the question whether EU decision making might be characterised by an excess of transparency stands central. This contribution addresses an issue that precedes such questions of quantity: that of transparency’s qualities, i.e., its specific shape. From an early point in time, transparency in the EU has been equated with the narrow and legalistic notion of ‘access to documents.’ Although since then, transparency has become associated with a wider range of practices, the Union has not managed to shake off the concept’s association with bureaucracy, opacity, and complexity. This remains the case, in spite of the fact that administrations and decision-makers across the world increasingly utilise the possibilities of technological innovation to communicate more directly with their electorates. In this changing communicative context, this commentary considers whether EU transparency as access to documents is still fit for purpose. It does so by exploring access policy from the vantage point of legal developments, administrative practices, political dynamics, and technological innovations. The commentary concludes that while improvements are needed, the access to documents concept endures. However, access to documents needs to be complemented by constructive (rather than predatory) public justification and contestation, to remain viable.
Parallel Strategy to Factorize Fermat Numbers with Implementation in Maple Software
Authors:   Foshan Polytechnic, Foshan City, PRC, 528000, China., Li Jianhui , Liu Manlan
Published: March 2021

In accordance with the traits of parallel computing, the paper proposes a parallel algorithm to factorize the Fermat numbers through parallelization of a sequential algorithm. The kernel work to parallelize a sequential algorithm is presented by subdividing the computing interval into subintervals that are assigned to the parallel processes to perform the parallel computing. Maple experiments show that the parallelization increases the computational efficiency of factoring the Fermat numbers, especially to the Fermat number with big divisors.
Composite Belt Ornaments with Bear Claw Pieces in Medieval Men’s Costume of the Perm Region, Western Urals
Authors:   Perm State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Krylasova N. B. ,   Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Danich A. V. ,   Perm State Humanitarian Pedagogical University
Published: March 2021

В процессе многолетних исследований Баяновского и Рождественского средневековых могильников на территории Пермского края выявлена новая разновидность поясных украшений. Она представляла собой привеску, основными элементами которой являлись дугообразные планки, вырезанные из передней стенки когтя медведя. Эти планки имели по два отверстия, просверленные в центральной трети изделия, и нанизывались на два шнура на манер «веревочной лесенки». Элементы из когтя медведя перемежались бронзовыми бусинами или пронизями. Завершались низки колокольчиками или подвесками. Эти украшения носили исключительно мужчины различных возрастных категорий (от 2 до 60 лет). Такие привески представлены в погребальном инвентаре, содержавшем предметы из серебра и различные «статусные» вещи. Это позволяет предполагать их принадлежность к костюму социальной элиты. Использование в составе привесок когтей медведя, очевидно, свидетельствует о том, что они могли выполнять функцию амулета. Судя по имеющимся на настоящий момент данным, такие украшения являлись принадлежностью только погребального костюма, хотя определенная трудоемкость изготовления элементов из когтей медведя, сложность состава привесок представляются избыточными для производства одноразовой вещи. Могильники, где обнаружены такие украшения, включая Загарский, откуда происходит единственная известная ранее подобная находка, относятся к финальному этапу ломоватовской археологической культуры. Период распространения рассматриваемых привесок — конец IX — вторая половина XI в.
The Use of Natural Scientific Methods in the Study of Leather Items from Archaeological Excavations
Authors:   State Historical Museum, Moscow, Russia, Osipov D. O.
Published: March 2021

В статье представлены результаты применения современных методик, используемых при изучении обуви и других кожаных изделий позднего Средневековья и Нового времени. С привлечением методов ортопедической диагностики рассматривается женская туфля первой половины XVIII в. из раскопок в историческом центре Калуги. По особенностям внутренней стельки из плотно пригнанных шнурков она отнесена к категории корректирующей обуви. Описывается использование методов инфракрасной спектроскопии и жидкостной хроматографии для определения способов обработки кожи колчана, обнаруженного в ходе археологических изысканий на территории Москвы. Приводятся данные об успешном применении естественно-научных методов при изучении сырья и шовного материала, а также приемов декорирования. Проводится сравнение коллекции кожаной обуви из раскопок Галича Мерьского с материалами из других городов Центральной России. Оно позволяет обнаружить региональные различия обувных коллекций и определить границы распространения отдельных типов обуви. Сделан вывод о необходимости широкого использования при работе с археологической кожей естественнонаучных методов, позволяющих выявить информационный потенциал находок.
Morphofunctional Characteristics of Mongolian Children and Adolescents Living in Different Ecological Zones
Authors:   Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Godina E. Z. , Gundegmaa L. ,   Mongolian National Institute of Physical Education, Permyakova E. Y. ,   Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: March 2021

В 2014-2015 гг. методом поперечного сечения с соблюдением правил биоэтики было проведено комплексное антропологическое обследование 13 477 монгольских школьников (5 833 мальчика и 7 644 девочки) 8-17 лет, проживающих в раз личных регионах страны. В соответствии с целями настоящей работы из 50 измерительных и описательных признаков были использованы тотальные размеры тела и функциональные параметры. Анализ исследуемых показателей проведен у жителей горно-таежной, степной и пустынной зон, которые до сих пор представляют собой основные экологические ниши Монголии. В качестве контрольной группы использована городская выборка как наиболее изученная среди монгольского населения (в анализ вошли только родившиеся и проживавшие в г. Улан-Баторе индивиды). Установлено, что школьники, проживающие в столице республики и горно-таежной зоне, характеризуются максимальными средними значениями изученных параметров. В случае жителей Улан-Батора основное влияние на формирование этих параметров оказывают лучшие условия проживания, что подтверждают результаты предыдущих исследований. При этом воздействие стрессогенных факторов городской среды обусловливает повышенные показатели гемодинамической системы у столичных школьников. Близость рассмотренных характеристик у жителей степной и пустынной зон является следствием относительного сходства климатических условий и физических нагрузок.
Türk Stratejik Kültüründe Çözümü Çerçevelemek: Katmanlı Bir Harekât Tasarımı Önerisi
Authors: Körpe Özgür
Published: March 2021

Harpte kullanılan araç ve yöntemlerin değişmesi hususunda esas belirleyici olan şey “maksattır”. Maksat, stratejik seviyede siyasi/askerî elitin, operatif seviyede ise komutanın zihninde oluşan, muhasamatın sonucuna dair bir görüdür. Mevcut durumun ve istenen son durumun anlaşılması ise harekât tasarımı olarak adlandırılan bir sürecin sonucunda ortaya çıkar. Stratejik ve operatif seviyede harekâta ilişkin meseleler, karmaşık, bulanık ve kötü yapılandırılmışlardır. Günümüz hibrit harekât ortamında, lineer bir bakış açısına bağımlı kalmamak gerektiği ve tasarımın pragmatik yaklaşımla çok katmanlı bir hale getirilmesinin karar alıcılara bilişsel bir esneklik sağlayabileceği değerlendirilmektedir. Pragmatik katmanlı yaklaşım stratejik kültür yazarlarınca da benimsenir ve Türk stratejik kültüründe de problem çözmede pragmatik yaklaşımın izlerine sıklıkla rastlanır. Bu makalede, harekât tasarımı, katmanlı yaklaşımla, bir tür bulanık mantık çerçevesinde yeniden ele alındı. Harekât tasarımının geliştirilmesi için kullanılan diğer yöntemler ortaya koyuldu ve yaygın olarak uygulanan ağırlık merkezi temelli zihin haritalaması yaklaşımının eksiklikleri gösterildi. Bunun yerine yeni bir harekât tasarımı yöntemi önerildi.
Specifics of Psychological Defences in Prison Personnel Depending on their Empathy Level
Authors: Borisova D.P.
Published: March 2021

In the today's world people are interacting less and less time with other people and consequently they tend not to get involved with others' problems or care much about the emotions of others. Hence, this raises an issue of empathy in the modern society. Presently, the subject of more extensive research is the professional aspect of empathy in the person-to-person domain. In our study empathy is viewed as a process that can be affected by external factors. This article demonstrates the results of dynamic variations of empathy which occur in interactions between the personnel and the convicts and persons held in custody. In addition to that we researched the relationship between empathy and psychological defences - to demonstrate how the affective component of one's behavior varies depending on the adverse effects of external factors. Our findings highlight certain aspects of the activity of the penal system personnel, which will be helpful in providing psychological counselling for them. The data obtained make it possible to create new or update existing correctional and prevention programs in order to minimize the negative impact of external factors on the behavior and psychological state of the prison personnel.
Values, Self-Identification and Personality Motivation of Persons Charged with Particularly Serious Crimes
Authors: Kashirskiy D.V. , Staroseltseva O.V.
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of examination of personality specifics in the individuals charged with particularly serious crimes. The sample consisted of 59 men aged 18-60, the average age was 33.7 years. At the same time, 54 men with socially normative behavior and with no criminal record served as a comparison group. We used the following: "Value Spectrum" technique by D.A. Leontyev, "Who am I?" test by M.Kuhn & T. McPartland (adapted by T.V.Rumyantseva), Motivational Induction method by Joseph R. Nuttin. It has been established that in persons who were under investigation on charges of particularly serious crimes the personality values have been appropriated at the nominal level and don't serve as effective control of their behavior or activities. This category of persons are distinguished by the following: a narrowed down time perspective of one year, problem and nonadaptive self-identity, less prominent (as compared to the norm group) moral and educational needs and the need for creativity. Persons charged with particularly serious crimes have psychological self-protection and autonomy as their prevalent motivations. The results of the research can be used by experts in their investigative actions with regard to persons under discussion both at the stage of pre-trial investigation and during judicial proceedings, as well as be taken into account at forensic psychological examinations.
Use of Confessional-Pedagogical Forms of Work with Minors in the Upbringing of Patriotism and Prevention of Extremism
Authors: Nikitskaya E.
Published: March 2021

Religious extremism is a very dangerous form of extremism. Awareness of this phenomenon is a complex methodological task, as the phenomenon is multifaceted, dynamically changing and not amenable to the usual scientific and analytical research. The transition of radicals to the methods of individual propaganda, introduction into the information space, including through the Internet allows them to act, bypassing the laws of the Russian Federation. Masquerading as religious preachers, extremists feel comfortable on the field of ideological struggle. Today we should not talk about individual cases of underage recruitment into the ranks of the radicals, and the dissemination of ideas of religious extremism among young people and adolescents. Based on the analysis of the actual crime situation in the teenage and youth environment, as well as in connection with the necessity of understanding major changes in the civil-Patriotic consciousness of the modern representatives of the younger generations are offered in this article to the consideration of some religious and educational forms of work with minors as methods of Patriotic education and prevention of extremism.
Psychological Aspects of Designing the Education Process of Law Enforcement Personnel with their Subjective Position in Mind
Authors: Khodyakova N.V. , Mitin A.I. , Ulyanina O.A.
Published: March 2021

The article justifies the necessity for studying and taking into account the subjective positions of law enforcement officers in designing their education. This is accomplished using skill- and personality-based approaches. The author's typology of such subjective positions is given. Psychological and educational risks of maladjustment in the process of professional and personal development are discussed along with the special psychological and educational counselling that are needed to handle them. The results of research are given, revealing average and absolute proportions of groups of students of the Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia who were mapped to the four subjective positions that have been singled out. 422 respondents took part in the research, which was questionnaire based. Checking the obtained data with the contingency table and Pearson's chi-squared test confirmed the hypothesis of a relationship between the student's subjective position and the lecturer's role he/she needs. On the whole, the singled out learners' positions and the lecturers' roles are mutually correlated (at a 0.01 significance level 0,21≤r≤0,76). Basing on the theoretical analysis and the empirical data obtained we formulated methodological principles for designing of departmental education systems.
The significance of the original characteristics of the active substance of injectable chondroitin sulfate preparations for intramuscular injections in the evidence-based medicine
Authors: Napalkova Svetlana M. , Okovityi Sergey V. , Ivkin Dmitry Y. , Pyatibrat Alexander O.
Published: March 2021

Given the data from normative control resources and the research and development information system of the Ministry of Science and Education of the Russian Federation, we were unable to review the results and the quality of publications comprising method development and analytical validation of quantitative and qualitative values of injectable chondroitin sulfate preparations for intramuscular injections.
Therefore, the results obtained in the research The development of a method for determining the intrinsic viscosity of an injectable chondroitin sodium sulfate preparation for intramuscular injections of 100 mg/ml, 2 ml remain valid, the method is considered reliable and practical.
The materials and methods used in the research The development of a method for determining the intrinsic viscosity of an injectable chondroitin sulfate preparation have provided the possibility to determine the intrinsic viscosity for injectable chondroitin sodium sulfate preparations for intramuscular injections and the use of 0.2 M sodium chloride solution as a solvent. Also, the viscosity of the tested solutions in the concentration range of chondroitin sulfate 4.5-20 mg/ml was accurately сalculated, the value of the intrinsic viscosity determined for each of the preparations under test was in the range of 0.03-0.042 m3/kg.
This study presents the results of a review of recent information, published in a number of academic journals, concerning modern approaches to the treatment and major clinical problems when applying chondroprotectors for arthrological diseases treatment.
Considering the continuing interest in chondroprotectors, stability problems with formulations and modern possibilities in the application of machine learning in drug discovery, additional pharmaceutical design research (Drug design) is expected - from the docking stage to the quantum calculations stage.
Navigating a Pandemic: The Unique Role of the Medical Director
Authors: Meagher Timothy , Guzman Gina , Heltemes Bradley , Senn Alban , Wiseman Steven , Armuss Andreas , Wang Yi
Published: March 2021

The sudden emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 presented a unique challenge for medical directors of life insurance companies. Company leadership required quick answers about many issues, but two in particular: 1) the magnitude of the pandemic's impact on the insured lives portfolio and 2) the underwriting of new applicants during a pandemic. This article will describe the experiences of a global team of reinsurance medical directors during a pandemic. It may also serve to provide guidance for medical directors facing a similar challenge in the future.