bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correction: Single atomic Fe–N4 active sites and neighboring graphitic nitrogen for efficient and stable electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Menisa Leta Takele , Cheng Ping , Qiu Xueying , Zheng Yonglong , Huang Xuewei , Gao Yan , Tang Zhiyong
Published: July 2022

Correction for ‘Single atomic Fe–N4 active sites and neighboring graphitic nitrogen for efficient and stable electrochemical CO2 reduction’ by Leta Takele Menisa et al., Nanoscale Horiz., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NH00143H.
Dual photothermal nanocomposites for drug-resistant infectious wound management
Authors: Li Changgui , Xian Jiaru , Hong Jixuan , Cao Xiaxin , Zhang Changze , Deng Qiaoyuan , Qin Ziyu , Chen Maohua , Zheng Xiaofei , Li Mengting , Hou Jingwei , Zhou Yinghong , Yin Xueqiong
Published: July 2022

Management of antibiotic-resistant bacteria-induced skin infections for rapid healing remains a critical clinical challenge.
Revealing the promoting effect of multiple Mn valences on the catalytic activity of CeO2 nanorods toward soot oxidation
Authors: Zhu Mingyun , Wen Yifeng , Shi Lei , Tan Zhiyuan , Shen Yuting , Yin Kuibo , Sun Litao
Published: July 2022

Balanced multiple Mn valences can enhance the Mn-doped CeO2 catalyst's redox properties and its ability to activate O2, as well as improve the dynamic contact efficiency during oxidation, which synergistically result in superior catalytic performances.
Facile preparation of nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets from CO2 for potassium-ion storage
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Ouyang Dandan , Sun Kang , Zhu Hui , Yin Jiao
Published: July 2022

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets (NCNS) was synthesized by a rapid and concise combustion process combined with CO2 capture, which were used as high-performance anode materials for PIBs.
Boosting the performance and stability of inverted perovskite solar cells by using a carbolong derivative to modulate the cathode interface
Authors: Li Jinhua , Wang Jiantao , Zhou Yecheng , Yu Chengzhuo , Liu Heng , Qi Xingnan , Li Ruxue , Hua Yuhui , Yu Yinye , Chen Rui , Chen Dafa , Mao Lingling , Xia Haiping , Wang Hsing-Lin
Published: July 2022

A carbolong derivative with a M-PCCO framework was employed as the cathode interlayer, boosting the performance and stability of inverted PSCs.
Enhanced biocrude production from hydrothermal conversion of municipal sewage sludge via co-liquefaction with various model feedstocks
Authors: Wang Wenjia , Du Hongbiao , Huang Yuanyuan , Wang Shaobo , Liu Chang , Li Jie , Zhang Jinglai , Lu Shuai , Wang Huansheng , Meng Han
Published: July 2022

Hydrothermal co-liquefaction has the potential to improve biocrude yield.
Micro-nano hierarchical pillar array structures prepared on curved surfaces by nanoimprinting using flexible molds from anodic porous alumina and their application to superhydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Yanagishita Takashi , Sou Takchiu , Masuda Hideki
Published: July 2022

Hierarchical pillar array formed on the curved surface by nanoimprinting using a flexible mold.
Chain end-group selectivity using an organometallic Al(iii)/K(i) ring-opening copolymerization catalyst delivers high molar mass, monodisperse polyesters
Authors: Diment Wilfred T. , Williams Charlotte K.
Published: July 2022

A heterodinuclear Al(iii)/K(i) organometallic ring-opening copolymerization catalyst shows exceptional rates, end-group selectivity and good loading tolerance to deliver monodisperse polyesters with molar masses up to 91 kg mol−1.
Advances in the structure and composition design of zinc anodes for high performance zinc ion batteries
Authors: Li Quanyu , Chen Yuejiao , Wang Han , Yu Huaming , Wei Weifeng , Ji Xiaobo , Qu Baihua , Chen Libao
Published: July 2022

In this review, we classify in detail the recent achievements in structural and composition design, including intrinsic zinc metal anodes, metal-based anodes, alloy-based anodes, carbon-based anodes, MXene-based anodes and some novel composite anodes.
Halide sublattice dynamics drive Li-ion transport in antiperovskites
Authors: Sacci Robert L. , Bennett Tyler H. , Fang Hong , Han Kee Sung , Lames Michelle , Murugesan Vijayakumar , Jena Puru , Nanda Jagjit
Published: July 2022

Proton incorporation and halide mixing allow for lower synthesis temperatures and more rapid processing of cubic lithium antiperovskites. Halide mixing softens halide-sublattice dynamics for improved Li+ transport.
Imine bond orientation manipulates AIEgen derived Schiff base isomers through the intramolecular hydrogen bond effect for different fluorescence properties and applications
Authors: Li Da , Liang Xiaozhong , Zhang Fang , Li Jie , Zhang Zheng , Wang Sijing , Li Zhijun , Xing Yifan , Guo Kunpeng
Published: July 2022

The CN orientation provides a feasible platform for manipulating AIEgen derived Schiff base isomers with different fluorescence properties and applications.
Insecticidal efficacy of nanomaterials used to control mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 with special reference to their hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Shamseldean Muhammad S.M. , Attia Marwa M. , Korany Reda M.S. , Othamn Nehal A. , Allam Sally F.M.
Published: July 2022

The present study aimed to develop a novel methodology for controlling the mosquito larvae using different nanoparticles, with special reference to their effect on rats (a non-target mammalian model). The mosquito species of Culex quinquefasciatus was reared in the laboratory. Chitosan, silver nanoparticles and their combination as well as lavender (Lavandula officinalis) nanoemulsion with different concentrations were tested as biological insecticides against the mosquito larvae. Mammalian toxicity of the used nanoparticles were evaluated using 27 adult male rats, experimental rats were divided into 9 equal groups (n=3). The nanoparticles were added to the drinking water for 30 days. At the end of the study, blood and tissue samples were collected to assess the levels of the serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, different genes expression as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-1β activity. Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies using two markers (TNF-α and BAX expression) were also applied. The LC50 and LC90 were recorded for each tested nanoparticles, and also the changes of the treated mosquito larvae cuticle were assessed using the scanning electron microscopy. Green nanoemulsion (Lavandula officinalis) was more effective than metal (silver) or even biodegradable (chitosan) nanoparticles in controlling of Culex quiquefasciatus mosquito larvae, and also it proved its safety by evaluation of the mammalian hepatotoxicity of the tested nanoparticles.
Immune priming in plants: from the onset to transgenerational maintenance
Authors: Cooper Agatha , Ton Jurriaan
Published: July 2022

Enhancing plant resistance against pests and diseases by priming plant immunity is an attractive concept for crop protection because it provides long-lasting broad-spectrum protection against pests and diseases. This review provides a selected overview of the latest advances in research on the molecular, biochemical and epigenetic drivers of plant immune priming. We review recent findings about the perception and signalling mechanisms controlling the onset of priming by the plant stress metabolite β-aminobutyric acid. In addition, we review the evidence for epigenetic regulation of long-term maintenance of priming and discuss how stress-induced reductions in DNA hypomethylation at transposable elements can prime defence genes. Finally, we examine how priming can be exploited in crop protection and articulate the opportunities and challenges of translating research results from the Arabidopsis model system to crops.
Research on power density improvement for interior permanent magnet synchronous machine based on permanent magnet minimization
Authors: Xu Xuefeng , Zhang Bingyi , Chen Dezhi , Zheng Junming
Published: July 2022

In order to improve the power density of the permanent‐magnet synchronous machine and reduce the cost of effective materials, this paper investigated approaches of power‐density improvement and discussed the influence of flux‐weakening level and salient ratio parameters on the characteristics of torque and power for the interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) based on the permanent magnet (PM) minimisation. Firstly, the model of PM minimisation can be established based on the principle of equal area of stator and rotor magnetomotive force. According to the minimisation model, a formula is derived for calculation of structural parameters of the permanent magnets in the IPMSM. Besides, the relation among the interior multilayer permanent magnets is established. Then, comparing and analysing the extremum characteristics of the maximum torque output and maximum power output of the motor under different parameters, the regular influence on the IPMSM can be summarised between the parameter and the internal power factor angle. So, it can be proposed that the corresponding internal power factor angle with respect to the golden section ratio of the maximum torque output is around −35°. Finally, combined with the results of the finite element and analytical calculation, a 45 kW PM motor for electric vehicles was manufactured and tested in no‐load, load and thermal experiment, respectively. The peak torque of the prototype lasted for 94 s and reached 2.3 times the rated torque. Compared with the conventional PM motor used for the electric vehicle, the power density was increased by more than 0.5 kW/kg which can verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
An optimized soft‐start procedure of dual active bridge converter for charging current suppression
Authors: Weng Chudi , Li Yue , Peng Yonggang
Published: July 2022

As a typical topology of solid‐state transformer, dual active bridge converter (DABC) is widely used for voltage levels conversion due to its advantage in bidirectional power transfer and galvanic isolation. In the start‐up process, an overcurrent will occur when the converter charges the output capacitor. To address this problem, special soft‐start procedures are used to protect switches from the inrush current. The soft‐start framework used in this paper adds an inner‐phase‐shift in the closed loop control. Compared to the conventional step‐to‐step soft‐start methods, it simplifies the transition process from the open loop to the closed loop control. However, higher current stress appears in the soft‐start process. So, based on the framework, an optimized soft‐start procedure with simple implementation, including the phase transformation and the inverse‐trigonometric inner‐phase‐shift, is proposed to improve the voltage tracking performance and reduce the charging current further. The simulation and experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed soft‐start procedure on the output voltage control and charging current suppression.
A hot sub-Neptune in the desert and a temperate super-Earth around faint M dwarfs
Authors: Esparza-Borges E. , Parviainen H. , Murgas F. , Pallé E. , Maas A. , Morello G. , Zapatero-Osorio M. R. , Barkaoui K. , Narita N. , Fukui A. , Casasayas-Barris N. , Oshagh M. , Crouzet N. , Galán D. , Fernández G. E. , Kagetani T. , Kawauchi K. , Kodama T. , Korth J. , Kusakabe N. , Laza-Ramos A. , Luque R. , Livingston J. , Madrigal-Aguado A. , Mori M. , Orell-Miquel J. , Puig-Subirà M. , Stangret M. , Terada Y. , Watanabe N. , Zou Y. , Baliga Savel A. , Belinski A. A. , Collins K. , Dressing C. D. , Giacalone S. , Gill H. , Goliguzova M. V. , Ikoma M. , Jenkins J. M. , Tamura M. , Twicken J. D. , Ricker G. R. , Schwarz R. P. , Seager S. , Shporer A. , Vanderspek R. , Winn J.
Published: July 2022

Aims. We report the discovery and validation of two TESS exoplanets orbiting faint M dwarfs: TOI-4479b and TOI-2081b.

Methods. We jointly analyzed space (TESS mission) and ground-based (MuSCAT2, MuSCAT3 and SINISTRO instruments) light curves using our multicolor photometry transit analysis pipeline. This allowed us to compute contamination limits for both candidates and validate them as planet-sized companions.

Results. We found TOI-4479b to be a sub-Neptune-sized planet (Rp = 2.82−0.63+0.65 R⊕) and TOI-2081b to be a super-Earth-sized planet (Rp = 2.04−0.54+0.50 R⊕). Furthermore, we obtained that TOI-4479b, with a short orbital period of 1.15890−0.00001+0.00002 days, lies within the Neptune desert and is in fact the largest nearly ultra-short period planet around an M dwarf known to date.

Conclusions. These results make TOI-4479b rare among the currently known exoplanet population of M dwarf stars and an especially interesting target for spectroscopic follow-up and future studies of planet formation and evolution.
Dust ring and gap formation by gas flow induced by low-mass planets embedded in protoplanetary disks
Authors: Kuwahara Ayumu , Kurokawa Hiroyuki , Tanigawa Takayuki , Ida Shigeru
Published: July 2022

Context.Recent high-spatial-resolution observations have revealed dust substructures in protoplanetary disks such as rings and gaps, which do not always correlate with gas. Because radial gas flow induced by low-mass, non-gas-gap-opening planets could affect the radial drift of dust, it potentially forms these dust substructures in disks.

Aims.We investigate the potential of gas flow induced by low-mass planets to sculpt the rings and gaps in the dust profiles.

Methods.We first perform three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations, which resolve the local gas flow past a planet. We then calculate the trajectories of dust influenced by the planet-induced gas flow. Finally, we compute the steady-state dust surface density by incorporating the influences of the planet-induced gas flow into a one-dimensional dust advection-diffusion model.

Results.The outflow of the gas toward the outside of the planetary orbit inhibits the radial drift of dust, leading to dust accumulation (the dust ring). The outflow toward the inside of the planetary orbit enhances the inward drift of dust, causing dust depletion around the planetary orbit (the dust gap). Under weak turbulence (αdiff≲ 10−4, whereαdiffis the turbulence strength parameter), the gas flow induced by the planet with ≳1M⊕(Earth mass) generates the dust ring and gap in the distribution of small dust grains (≲1 cm) with a radial extent of ~1–10 times the gas scale height around the planetary orbit without creating a gas gap and pressure bump.

Conclusions.The gas flow induced by low-mass, non-gas-gap-opening planets can be considered a possible origin of the observed dust substructures in disks. Our results may be helpful in explaining the disks whose dust substructures were found not to correlate with those of the gas.
Analysis of programming languages used in solving energy problems
Authors: Temgoua Nanfack Pelagie Flore , Mamate Abakaka Inouss , Aziz Abdoul , Tsuanyo David
Published: July 2022

The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the energy sector is becoming increasingly common. From data collection, recording and dissemination of energy information to design, planning and management of energy systems, scientific computing skills and tools, amount them programming languages. Depending on the problem to be solved, the choice of programming language is often very decisive for achieving the expected results. This article presents an analysis of the state of art of programming languages used in the energy domain and propose a case study of the programming languages to be used depending on the problem to be solved renewable energies sector. Programming languages for scientific computing are divided into two main classes: General Purpose Languages (GPL) and Domain Specific Languages (DSL); knowing a GPL make one better at using DSL. The analysis carried out shows that in energy engineering, the most used GPLs are C++ and python. Likewise, the most prominent DSLs are Julia, R and Matlab. The most suitable language for scientific computing, data science, visualization, and high-performance computing problems is Python. However, Julia which is in full expansion is not to be overlooked as it is dedicated to energy.
Development of a simplified data acquisition kit for PV systems in Africa
Authors: Nguimfack Ndongmo Jean de Dieu , Kentsa Zana Kevin
Published: July 2022

Renewable resources have made consistent progress in satisfying the increasing world energy demand and are today an important fraction of power generation in many African countries. However, the running of photovoltaic systems involves a large quantity of data to be collected in real time and to process in order to ensure monitoring and an optimal control of photovoltaic plants. In recent years, a number of data-logging devices have been developed using conventional electronics or based on microcontroller data acquisition system. Most of these devices are commercially available and their cost is quite high and unaffordable in the African context of poverty. In this paper, a low-cost kit microcontroller-based, suitable for Sub-Saharan Africa is developed to collect and store significant and quality data of temperature, irradiance, voltage and current for control and maintenance purposes. The experimental setup based on fuzzy logic algorithm modelled for maximum power point control of a buck converter has been carried out to store data in removable memory cards. The data acquisition kit proposed is suitable for statistic usages; for the maintenance and improvement system’s parameters through analysis of data harvested.
Control of Reduced Switches Count and Classical Multilevel Inverters: a Comparison
Authors: Owona Jorel Landry , Fendji Marie Danielle , Effa Joseph Yves , Kenmoe Fankem Eric Duckler
Published: July 2022

Multilevel inverter has appeared as one of the important topologies in the area of high power and medium voltage because it can efficiently realize lower harmonics with reduced switching frequency. These Multilevel inverters (MLI) improve the energy quality shaped by producing many voltage levels. However, improving the quality of the output voltage of a multilevel inverter requires many switches, which tend to weigh down the structure and make it complex to control. This work deals with a comparison in terms of the spectral content of two configurations of thirty-one-level inverters for injection into the electrical grid. The first configuration is a classical cascaded H-bridge and the second one is a reconfigured Packed U-Cell (PUC) multilevel inverter. The classical configuration requires sixteen switches while the second uses only ten ones. The control technique based on the half-height modulation was performed and the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is calculated for each topology. For the PUC, we got a THD equal to 2.61% while we got 2.72% for the cascaded H-bridge. These results obtained in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, show that the reconfigured structure of the PUC inverter is a good candidate for injection into the electrical network.
Energy Management System for Solar-powered Streetlighting Systems
Authors: Tounsi Fokui Willy Stephen , Wandji Danube
Published: July 2022

Public lighting or street lighting systems are raised sources of light on the edge of the road or walkway, that is turned ON at night or during bad weather to lighten the streets and turned OFF in the morning. The major problem with streetlights is their excessive energy consumption as most of that energy is wasted because the streets are empty between about 11 pm to 5 am. This also leads to the rapid degration of the streetlights and increased cost of maintenance operations which constitute a financial burden to the municipality. This paper solves this problem by proposing an energy management system for solar-powered streetlights that in addition to turning the streetlights ON when places are dark, puts the streetlights in an energy-saving mode when there is no one on the streets. Vibration sensors are used as motion detectors. The study is focused on the second bridge on the River Wouri, Douala, Cameroon. Simulation of the work is done using Proteus Professional and the results obtained are compared with an estimated daily energy consumption of the existing streetlights on the bridge. It is seen that the energy consumption of the proposed system is 25740Wh, and this is far lesser compared to 187200Wh consumed by the existing system assuming each lamp is 150W.
Duty cycle modulation - fuzzy logic technique to track the maximum power point of a solar-wind hybrid Source
Authors: Kengnou Donfack Clément , Kom Charles Hubert , Pauné Félix
Published: July 2022

In this article, we propose a strategy for finding the maximum power point (MPP) of a hybrid plant (solar and wind), in order to maximize the power extracted from this production plant. This strategy exploits the perturbation and observation method, based on fuzzy logic coupled with the Duty Cycle Modulator (DCM). The main objective of this study is to extract the maximum power from this hybrid power plant, while ensuring the precision and speed of convergence towards this point of maximum power. This method, tested under the Matlab / Simulink environment for a 160 kW hybrid power plant, gave results that we compared to those obtained with the Fuzzy - PWM (Pulse Width Modulator) strategy. It emerges that the Fuzzy-DCM strategy gives better precision (around 2.6 times) and a speed (around 2 times) of convergence compared to the Fuzzy-PWM strategy.
Design and realization of an efficient pay as you go solar module equipped with online maintenance for the energy supply of a dwelling
Authors: Mngoh Nshiom Nico , Aloyem Kaze Claude Vidal , Djuidje Kenmoe Germaine
Published: July 2022

According to 2020 World Bank report, just 64.7% of Cameroon’s population have access to electricity with only 80% of the supply concentrated in urban areas having persistent power outages throughout the country especially in the dry season. From these statistics, individuals are now hocking up to alternative renewable energy sources. In this work we propose a Pay As You Go (PAYG) solar module as solution. The objectives of this work are; improve energy access in off grid areas, design an electronic system that can monitor and control the system, ensure sustainability and affordability by an average Cameroonian. A 13 watts energy system is designed around an Arduino board associated with other modules. A XoJo desktop platform is used to monitor and control the solar module. The user can recharge the module by sending the SMS “RECHARGE PAYG” and the platform will respond by sending a guide to follow. If this is done, the platform automatically initiates the activation. If successful the owner will receive a Short Message Service (SMS) confirming the activation, otherwise an activation code is sent to manually activate the system using the keypad. Payments are done through mobile money operations. In case there is a fault on the system, based on the received information, the owner will be instructed on what to do for maintenance. Thereafter, they will be a feedback indicating the fault has been eliminated.
Design, Implementation and Testing of a Biogas Analyzer
Authors: Mamate Abakaka Inouss , Tizé Koda Joël , Tsuanyo David , Aziz Abdoul , Kuate Fotso Jean-Marie , Nanfack Pelagie Flore Temgoua
Published: July 2022

Biogas is an ideal fuel for sustainable energy and an alternative to wood energy in sub-Saharan Africa. Its valorisation in rural areas is limited to cooking despite its enormous potential for electricity production. However, the inaccessibility of biogas analyzers to assess the quality of biogas and trigger its use in an engine is one of the main obstacles to this new trend. The aim of this work is to develop a simple and inexpensive portable digital device capable of analysing any biogas together with its production parameters. To achieve this, a prototype analyser using an Arduino card fitter with sensors was designed and built, then experimented with biogas produced from cow dung. Sampling tests were carried out after 4 and 10 days of loading 10-liter bioreactors with cow dung. A Better flammable biogas production was recorded at 10 days of loading with 66.41% methane (CH4), 32.43% CO2, and 1.14% water vapour (H2O). This biogas analyser was quite efficient and could identify gases produced by the methanization process while controlling the bioconversion parameters. Nonetheless, the biogas obtained can be purified for more efficient use.
An Assessment of the Use of Static Magnetic Field for Sodium Fluoride Defluoridation and Removal of Escherichia Coli and Rotavirus Pathogens from Water
Authors: Simiyu Mary T. , Nyongesa Francis W. , Aduda Bernard O. , Birech Zephaniah , Nikolina Illic
Published: July 2022

The use of chemicals such as chlorine in water purification leaves harmful biproducts in the water while filtration techniques such as reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and forward filtration are costly and require external energy for their operation. Ceramic water filters that would have addressed these issues are brittle and incapable of filtering viruses. In this work, we report on the efficiency of water purification using a 0.8 T static magnetic field from permanent magnets in defluoridation of sodium fluoride and purification of Escherichia coli, and Rotavirus. The contaminated water was circulated at varying velocities of 0.1 ml/s to 2.0 ml/s at an ambient temperature of 16.0 °C to 40.0 °C for 0.5 hours to 9.0 hours. It was found that when ionized water was circulated under the static magnetic field for nine hours, its pH was lowered by 9.7% and the velocity of water in circulation did not affect the purification efficiency. The static magnetic field equally lowered the replication of Escherichia coli and Rotavirus by 9.8% and 7.1% respectively. Furthermore, 14.1% of defluoridation of water was also achieved. Thus, a 0.8 T static magnetic field was not able to purify water to recommended levels.
School-Based Education: An Opportunity to Promote Equitable Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Knowledge
Authors: Walker Ruth , Fields Jessica , Gilbert Jen , Leahy Deana
Published: July 2022

All young people are entitled to knowledge and support that protects their sexual and reproductive health. School-based education is the most opportune setting for young people to have equitable access to sexual and reproductive health education. However, there is room for significant improvements in the provision of sexual and reproductive health education globally, and a range of barriers to be addressed. The Global Standards for Health Promoting Schools is a framework for governments, policy-makers, and schools to ensure that all students receive sexual and reproductive health education and support that promotes their sexual and reproductive health and overall health and well-being. The Global Standards for Health Promoting Schools acknowledges that school environments, partnerships, governance, policies, and resources are ultimately influenced by government resources and policy, and that advocacy and meaningful action across each standard is required.
Endoscopic or Microscopic Tympanoplasty Advantages and Disadvantages: A Theory Domain Systematic Review
Authors: Bianchini Ana Júlia , Berlitz Vitória Gabriela , Mocelin Aurenzo Gonçalves , Ribeiro Juliana Ferraz , Keruk João Gabriel , Hamerschmidt Rogério
Published: July 2022

Introduction Tympanoplasty is a reparative surgery that has multiple indications. The aid of a microscope or an endoscope is necessary to carry out the procedure. The classic method utilizes the microscope; however, in the recent decades, the endoscope has been popular. Although many articles try to compare these two techniques, there is still no robust evidence that confirms the superiority of either technique. In the present work, we seek to perform a systematic review contribute with this.

Objectives The present systematic review attempted to compare endoscopic and microscopic surgery techniques and to discover whether there would be superiority in the results of any of them, based on data currently available in the literature.

Data Synthesis The objectives of the present review were organized according to the PICO planning and strategy adapted for systematic reviews. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were established aiming to select only select primary data. The main medical databases were searched using an optimized search string with appropriate descriptors. The searched databases were MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, and EMBASE. A total of 99 studies were selected and 38 were fully assessed after the inclusion criteria were applied. All included articles were reviewed by all authors and their results were discussed and summarized.

Conclusion The endoscopic technique was shown to be a safer technique comparable in effectiveness to the use of microscopy. In addition, it provides possible advantages such as shortening the surgical time and better postoperative pain outcomes.
Management of MRI-Detected Benign Internal Mammary Lymph Nodes
Authors: Gunes Gozde , Crivellaro Priscila , Muradali Derek
Published: July 2022

Introduction In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate benign internal mammary lymph nodes (IMLNs) in terms of frequency, number, size, long axis/short axis (L/S) ratio, intercostal location, presence of fatty hilum, and stability using breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and discuss the findings by reviewing existing literature.

Methods This single-center study consisted of 130 women between the ages of 24 and 76 years, who had at least two breast MRI examinations in our institution, with the latest exam performed between January 1, 2019 and November 1, 2019, were eligible for the study. MRIs of the study group were independently reviewed by two radiologists.

Results IMLN was detected in 31.1% of the 427 MRIs, with a total number of 256 nodes. The most common indication for breast MRI was high-risk screening (66.2%). The median number of nodes per patient was 1 (range: 1–6). The median follow-up time was 19.5 months (range: 6–141 months). None of these benign nodes showed significant interval growth. Mean L/R ratio of the nodes was 1.9. One hundred and four nodes (n = 104, 40.6%) had a L/S ratio less than 2 and 43.2% (n = 45) of the nodes with a L/S ratio less than 2, had a long axis measuring less than or equal to 3mm. IMLN of patients with breast implants had the largest mean long axis. The fatty hilum was identified in 34.3% (n = 68) of the 256 nodes. The size of the lymph nodes where fatty hilum was visualized was significantly larger than the ones where fatty hilum was not visualized (p < 0.001). Fatty hilum could be visualized in only 2.7% of the nodes with a long axis smaller than 3 mm.

Conclusion IMLN is a frequent finding on breast MRI. We have shown that benign IMLNs might be large sized in specific cases like patients with breast implants. When small sized (≤3mm), they are more likely to be rounded (L/S ratio <2). The fatty hilum that is a feature of benignity might not be visualized in nodes less than or equal to3mm.
Economic effect of the golf simulation industry in Korea: an analysis based on the SVAR model
Authors: Hao Yuanyuan , Kong Mengyuan
Published: July 2022

The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact relationship between the golf simulation industry and economic growth in Korea using impulse response and variance decomposition of Structural Vector Auto-regressive model (SVAR) based on data from 2000 to 2020. The impulse response results show that under the short-term constraint, there is a strong correlation between the golf simulation industry, sports industry investment and labor population, while the interaction between the golf simulation industry, sports industry investment and economic growth is weak, and the trend of their influence is somewhat uncertain under the effect of economic growth. In contrast, there is a unidirectional positive influence effect between the golf simulation industry, sports industry investment, labor population and economic growth under the long-term constraint. However, the difference from short-term constraints is that the long-term shock effect is less volatile with a poorer influence effect, thus leading to the weaker interaction between them. The structural variance decomposition shows that the impact path of the economic effect of the golf simulation industry is the same for both long-term and short-term effects, which indicates that the golf simulation industry, labor population, and sports industry investment all have a positive contribution on economic growth.
On the interplay between interchange turbulence and sheared flows
Authors: Peret M. , Fedorczak N. , Vermare L. ,   WEST Team
Published: July 2022

The presence and the position of an X-point, namely, if the ion diamagnetic drift points toward it or not, strongly impact the edge plasma rotation in tokamaks. In the absence of kinetic effects such as magnetic ripple or ion orbit loss, the shape of the velocity profile results from the balance between neoclassical predictions and turbulent flow generation. In this contribution, we derive a reduced model of turbulence plunged in a shear flow. This model is based on (1) a description of the impact of a sheared flow on the interchange turbulence and (2) a prediction of the poloidal momentum generated by the turbulence. It includes the effects of both the magnetic topology and the finite shear layer width. The model is verified against 2D non-linear flux-driven simulations. Finally, the model predictions of the edge rotation resulting from the equilibrium between the neoclassical prediction and the poloidal momentum generation by the turbulence are invoked to describe the observations from experiment managed in the WEST tokamak. It points out the important role of the magnetic shear in the turbulence tilting and in the flow generation.
High power terahertz radiation generated by beam-plasma system in multi-filament regime
Authors: Yang Shengpeng , Wang Shaomeng , Zhang Ping , Wang Zhanliang , Guo Hongyang , Shu Jing , Xia Yuxi , Tang Changjian , Gong Yubin
Published: July 2022

In the particle-in-cell simulation study of this paper, it is found that the high-power terahertz radiation at twice the plasma frequency can be generated by the interaction between a weakly relativistic, large-radius, focused electron beam and an overdense plasma. The terahertz radiation is emitted from a multi-filament structure in the electron beam, which is caused by the coupling of the longitudinal two-stream instability and the transverse filamentation instability. The analysis of the k space of the plasma waves indicates that the radiation can be explained by the mode coupling among a forward oblique mode, a backward oblique mode, and a second harmonic radiation mode. The influences of the beam Lorentz factor and plasma density on the radiation power, efficiency, and coherence are also investigated. The present results not only contribute to the development of novel megawatt-level narrowband terahertz radiation sources, but also propose a potential terahertz radiation mechanism for the fundamental research of the beam-plasma system.
Kinetic phenomena of helical plasma waves with orbital angular momentum
Authors: Blackman D. R. , Nuter R. , Korneev Ph. , Arefiev A. , Tikhonchuk V. T.
Published: July 2022

An accurate description of plasma waves is fundamental for the understanding of many plasma phenomena. It is possible to twist plasma waves such that, in addition to having longitudinal motion, they can possess a quantized orbital angular momentum. One such type of plasma wave is the Laguerre–Gaussian mode. Three-dimensional numerical particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate the existence of stable long-lived plasma waves with orbital angular momentum. These waves can be shown to create large amplitude static magnetic fields with unique twisted longitudinal structures. In this paper, we review the recent progress in studies of helical plasma waves and present a new analytical description of a standing Laguerre–Gaussian plasma wave mode along with 3D particle-in-cell simulation results. The Landau damping of twisted plasma waves shows important differences compared to standard longitudinal plasma wave Landau damping. These effects include an increased damping rate, which is affected by both the focal width and the orbital number of the plasma wave. This increase in the damping rate is of the same order as the thermal correction. Moreover, the direction of momentum picked up by resonant particles from the twisted plasma wave can be significantly altered. By contrast, the radial electric field has a subtle effect on the trajectories of resonant electrons.
Statistically optimal analysis of the extended-system adaptive biasing force (eABF) method
Authors: Hulm Andreas , Dietschreit Johannes C. B. , Ochsenfeld Christian
Published: July 2022

The extended-system adaptive biasing force (eABF) method and its newer variants offer rapid exploration of the configuration space of chemical systems. Instead of directly applying the ABF bias to collective variables, they are harmonically coupled to fictitious particles, which separates the problem of enhanced sampling from that of free energy estimation. The prevalent analysis method to obtain the potential of mean force (PMF) from eABF is thermodynamic integration. However, besides the PMF, most information is lost as the unbiased probability of visited configurations is never recovered. In this contribution, we show how statistical weights of individual frames can be computed using the Multistate Bennett’s Acceptance Ratio (MBAR), putting the post-processing of eABF on one level with other frequently used sampling methods. In addition, we apply this formalism to the prediction of nuclear magnetic resonance shieldings, which are very sensitive to molecular geometries and often require extensive sampling. The results show that the combination of enhanced sampling by means of extended-system dynamics with the MBAR estimator is a highly useful tool for the calculation of ensemble properties. Furthermore, the extension of the presented scheme to the recently published Gaussian-accelerated molecular dynamics eABF hybrid is straightforward and approximation free.
Ab initio machine learning of phase space averages
Authors: Weinreich Jan , Lemm Dominik , von Rudorff Guido Falk , von Lilienfeld O. Anatole
Published: July 2022

Equilibrium structures determine material properties and biochemical functions. We here propose to machine learn phase space averages, conventionally obtained by ab initio or force-field-based molecular dynamics (MD) or Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. In analogy to ab initio MD, our ab initio machine learning (AIML) model does not require bond topologies and, therefore, enables a general machine learning pathway to obtain ensemble properties throughout the chemical compound space. We demonstrate AIML for predicting Boltzmann averaged structures after training on hundreds of MD trajectories. The AIML output is subsequently used to train machine learning models of free energies of solvation using experimental data and to reach competitive prediction errors (mean absolute error ∼ 0.8 kcal/mol) for out-of-sample molecules—within milliseconds. As such, AIML effectively bypasses the need for MD or MC-based phase space sampling, enabling exploration campaigns of Boltzmann averages throughout the chemical compound space at a much accelerated pace. We contextualize our findings by comparison to state-of-the-art methods resulting in a Pareto plot for the free energy of solvation predictions in terms of accuracy and time.
Particle deceleration for collective QED signatures
Authors: Griffith A. , Qu K. , Fisch N. J.
Published: July 2022

Frequency upshifts have been proposed as a first experimental signature of collective effects in quantum electrodynamic cascade generated electron–positron pair plasmas. Since the high effective masses of generated pairs will reduce any frequency change, stopped pairs at a minimal Lorentz factor in the lab frame were thought to be the dominant contribution to the laser upshift. However, we demonstrate that only considering stopped particles unduly neglects the contributions of particles re-accelerated in the laser propagation direction. Re-accelerated particles should, on a per particle basis, affect the laser more strongly and over a much longer timescale. To maximize particle contributions to the laser upshift, we consider a Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) mode laser beam to better reflect generated pairs. The LG mode does not have an advantage in particle deceleration and re-acceleration when compared against a Gaussian beam, but the LG mode can maintain particle contributions for a longer duration, allowing for more pair density accumulation. Deceleration with a structured beam to keep pairs within the laser should create a larger upshift, thereby lowering the demands on the driving laser.
Significantly improved performances of 1.3 μm InAs/GaAs QD laser by spatially separated dual-doping
Authors: Lv Zun-Ren , Wang Shuai , Wang Hong , Wang Hao-Miao , Chai Hong-Yu , Yang Xiao-Guang , Meng Lei , Ji Chen , Yang Tao
Published: July 2022

We report on significantly enhanced performances of 1.3 μm InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) lasers by spatially separated dual-doping, including p-type modulation doping in barrier layers and n-type direct doping in QDs simultaneously. The QD lasers are a ridge waveguide of 6 × 1000 μm2 with uncoated facets, whose active region consists of eight stacked InAs QD layers. Compared with the conventional single p-type modulation doped (p-doped) QD laser, the dually doped QD laser achieves a reduced threshold current from 51.07 to 43 mA, an increased single-sided slope efficiency from 0.18 to 0.25 W/A at 25 °C, and an increased characteristic temperature T0 from 654 to 7917 K between 15 and 85 °C. Furthermore, the continuous wave output power of the dually doped QD laser exceeds 20 mW without any attenuation at 85 °C, whereas that of the p-doped one appears to be saturated at 14.08 mW. The results presented here have important implications for realizing high-performance QD lasers emitting at 1.3 μm to various applications.
Helium implantation in Si (100): Swelling, microstructure, and mechanical property changes
Authors: Huang Xi , Xie Yujun , Balooch Mehdi , Lubner Sean , Hosemann Peter
Published: July 2022

Microstructural changes induced by helium implantation in materials lead to volumetric swelling and mechanical property changes. How these properties are linked and establishing direct relationships can be difficult due to the underlying material’s microstructure evolution. Some materials also experience a phase change due to irradiation damage making them even more complex to analyze. Here, single crystalline Si (100) was used to establish a relationship among these parameters. The swelling height as a function of implantation fluence can equally fit a linear relationship. Solely irradiation induced defects are observed at low fluence below 5.0 × 1016 ions/cm2. An abrupt amorphous and crystalline mixed layer of ∼200 nm thick within a highly damaged polycrystalline matrix is observed when implantation fluence exceeds 5.0 × 1016 ions/cm2, leading to the appearance of irradiation induced swelling and hardening behavior. As the fluence increases beyond 1.0 × 1017 ions/cm2, the amorphous layer expands in size and the bubble size distribution takes the form of a Gaussian distribution with a maximum size of up to 6.4 nm, which causes a further increase in the height of swelling. Furthermore, irradiation induced softening appeared due to the enlarged bubble size and amorphization.
Enhanced and tunable magneto-optical Kerr effects based on epsilon-near-zero response of Weyl semimetal
Authors: Wu Jipeng , Zeng Rongzhou , Wu Xueping
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we theoretically reveal a 4 × 4 magneto-optical matrix to study the Kerr effects induced by the transverse-magnetic (TM) and transverse-electric (TE) polarized waves illuminating on a bulk Weyl semimetal (WSM). It is shown that the Kerr angles θp and θs maintain large absolute values of nearly 21°, which are mainly caused by the close cross-polarized and co-polarized reflection coefficients. What is more important, the Kerr angles can be further enhanced at two different frequencies close to the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) frequency, where the maximum Kerr rotation angles (absolute value) of 45° have been obtained due to the sharp increases of the co-polarized reflection coefficients. Remarkably, the ENZ frequency of WSM can be adjusted by altering the Fermi energy and tilt degree, thereby resulting in the enhanced Kerr angles at different frequencies. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the incident angle should be declined with the increase of WSM thickness to enable the further enhancement of the Kerr angle θs. We also examine the effect of Weyl node separation on the Kerr angles. Our studies provide a simple and effective method to enhance and adjust the Kerr angles with a WSM or other topological semimetals.
From the gas phase to the solid state: The chemical bonding in the superheavy element flerovium
Authors: Florez Edison , Smits Odile R. , Mewes Jan-Michael , Jerabek Paul , Schwerdtfeger Peter
Published: July 2022

As early as 1975, Pitzer suggested that copernicium, flerovium, and oganesson are volatile substances behaving like noble gas because of their closed-shell configurations and accompanying relativistic effects. It is, however, precarious to predict the chemical bonding and physical behavior of a solid by knowledge of its atomic or molecular properties only. Copernicium and oganesson have been analyzed very recently by our group. Both are predicted to be semiconductors and volatile substances with rather low melting and boiling points, which may justify a comparison with the noble gas elements. Here, we study closed-shell flerovium in detail to predict its solid-state properties, including the melting point, by decomposing the total energy into many-body forces derived from relativistic coupled-cluster theory and from density functional theory. The convergence of such a decomposition for flerovium is critically analyzed, and the problem of using density functional theory is highlighted. We predict that flerovium in many ways does not behave like a typical noble gas element despite its closed-shell 7p1/22 configuration and resulting weak interactions. Unlike the case of noble gases, the many-body expansion in terms of the interaction energy does not converge smoothly. This makes the accurate prediction of phase transitions very difficult. Nevertheless, a first prediction by Monte Carlo simulation estimates the melting point at 284 ± 50 K. Furthermore, calculations for the electronic bandgap suggests that flerovium is a semiconductor similar to copernicium.
Application of immersed boundary based turbulence wall modeling to the Ahmed body aerodynamics
Authors: Cai Shang-Gui , Mozaffari Sajad , Jacob Jérôme , Sagaut Pierre
Published: July 2022

This paper applies a recently developed immersed boundary-turbulence wall modeling approach to turbulent flows over a generic car geometry, known as the Ahmed body, under massive flow separation within a lattice Boltzmann solver. Although the immersed boundary method combined with hierarchical Cartesian grid offers high flexibility in automatic grid generation around complex geometries, the near-wall solution is significantly deteriorated compared to the body-fitted simulation, especially when coupled to wall models for turbulent flows at high Reynolds number. Enhanced wall treatments have been proposed in the literature and validated for attached flow configurations. In this work, the Ahmed body with a slant surface of angle 35° is considered where the flow separates massively over the slant surface and the vertical base. The large eddy simulation is performed with a Reynolds stress constraint near-wall. The eddy viscosity is computed dynamically by taking into account the actually resolved Reynolds stresses. It approaches the mixing length eddy viscosity in attached boundary layers and returns to the subgrid eddy viscosity in detached boundary layers. An explicit equilibrium wall model has also been proposed to accelerate the calculation. Comparison with the no-slip boundary condition on the separated surfaces shows that the near-wall treatments with the equilibrium wall model operate reasonably well on both attached and detached boundary layers.