bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of ultrasonic vibration tools with different longitudinal-torsional ratios in extrusion tapping of Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Hou Zhikang , Su Guosheng , Xia Yan , Sun Yujing , Zhang Peirong , Du Jin , Fang Bin
Published: January 2025

Longitudinal torsional ultrasonic vibrations with different longitudinal torsional ratios [Formula: see text] were introduced into the extrusion tapping process to explore the effects of ultrasonic vibrations in different vibration directions on extrusion tapping of small blind holes in Ti-6Al-4V. First, the motion trajectory model of longitudinal torsional ultrasonic vibration extrusion tapping (LT-UVET) was established, and the intermittent extrusion separation characteristics of edge teeth during the LT-UVET process were analyzed. In addition, finite element simulation was used to analyze the stress and torque of the LT-UVET process with different [Formula: see text]. The simulation results show that the effective stress and torque of LT-UVET at different [Formula: see text] are reduced compared with conventional extrusion tapping (CET). When the ultrasonic vibration direction coincided with the thread direction ([Formula: see text] = 0.08), the effective stress and torque were the lowest. A tapping experiment platform was built and two ultrasonic tools with different aspect ratios were used to conduct tapping experiments. Experimental results show that the torque of LT-UVET is significantly lower than that of CET. Among them, when [Formula: see text] = 0.08, the effect on torque reduction is more obvious. In addition, LT-UVET can also promote metal flow forming, reduce material accumulation, and improve thread surface integrity.
An interval robust optimization with maximum input tolerance for engineering design
Authors: Wang Qiong , Xiao Zhao , Xiang De , Zhang Shuo , Deng Jiewen , Liu Zhiwei
Published: January 2025

Most existing robust optimization (RO) methods for engineering design consider parameter design and tolerance design as separate design phases. This study is to develop an interval RO strategy for engineering design realizing the approval maximum input tolerance with robustness guaranteed. Taking the errors of design variables into account, an interval RO model based on dimensional tolerance or geometrical tolerance is constructed to optimize the nominal values and tolerances of design variables simultaneously. In the constructed model, the interval midpoint and radius of the concern performance are used to evaluate the robustness, and the overall uncertainties of all design variables are quantified by integrating a dimensionless tolerance index. And then, through the reliability-based possibility degree of interval to cope with uncertain constraints it can be converted into a deterministic multi-objective optimization problem. Finally, the deterministic multi-objective optimization problem is treated by a developed robust multi-objective genetic algorithm. The results and the potential of the proposed model and method are illustrated by the numerical and engineering examples.
Experimental comparison of conventional and ultrasonic-assisted high-speed drilling of glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Ağar Salih , Mahmat Aybars , Doğan Akar
Published: January 2025

Glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites are favored in several industries, including automotive and aerospace, owing to their superior strength-to-weight ratio. Drilling is a prevalent machining procedure employed to add fasteners for laminate assembly. Nonetheless, drilling these composites presents significant challenges due to the abrasive characteristics of the reinforcement, necessitating an examination of machining performance. During the drilling of composites, cutting temperature, thrust force, and delamination damage are primary concerns. In recent years, high-speed ultrasonic drilling, an innovative machining technique designed to address these challenges, has garnered significant interest. This investigation involved high-speed ultrasonic drilling and conventional drilling of glass fiber reinforced epoxy material. In the studies, optimal conditions were studied by evaluating thrust force, cutting temperature, and delamination damage by varying speeds, feed rates, and frequencies. The thrust force was 11 N in the traditional approach at 40,000 rpm, but it was recorded at 9 N with the ultrasonic method. Moreover, with ultrasonic drilling, cutting temperatures decreased by over 25% relative to traditional drilling, attributable to the harmonic motion that dissipates heat in the drilling zone. Analysis of the drilling region revealed a notable enhancement in damage, particularly in delamination, with the application of ultrasonic drilling. The experimental results indicate that ultrasonic machining enhances machining performance.
A mathematical model of the effect of pitch angle on power performance of a small HAWT
Authors: Tanovic Dragoljub , Simonovic Aleksandar , Kostic Olivera , Svorcan Jelena
Published: January 2025

Optimization of wind turbine aerodynamic performances implies solving the problem in the domains such as airfoil selection, blade rotation angle, number of blades, etc. The current article studies the effect of blade rotation angle [Formula: see text] at the flow velocity in the wind tunnel [Formula: see text] and a specific number of revolutions on the horizontal axis wind turbine – HAWT output power. The experiment involved two models of blades. Based on planning the experiment, mathematical models were created to be applied in practice. The highest number of revolutions [Formula: see text] and generator output [Formula: see text] were achieved at the velocity of [Formula: see text]
Comprehensive review of modeling and material selection for hybrid sandwich composites for ballistic impact application using Six Sigma DMAIC methodology
Authors: T S Mohan Kumar , Joladarashi Sharnappa , Kulkarni S M
Published: January 2025

Natural fiber-based PMC (polymer matrix composites) have recently been increasingly popular because of their reduced product weight, low material costs, and renewable sources. Hybrid composites with different combinations of fibers/matrix are attracting interest from many manufacturing industries and researchers for various applications because of their specialized mechanical and impact properties. Hybridization is one of the most essential and indispensable strategies to improve composite material performance. Hybrid sandwich composites are reviewed to enhance the mechanical properties. They mainly concentrate on improving impact properties with increased energy absorption and penetration behavior, making them competent for advanced applications. The most time-consuming and challenging task is identifying the suitable composite material for a specific application. Selecting a suitable fiber and matrix is a difficult job for impact applications because the impact can cause severe damage to composite used in structural applications. The main objective of this review is to select suitable fiber and matrix combinations for impact application by exploring the literature gap. The Six Sigma DMAIC methodology provides a different approach to the selection of material. The benefit of this methodology is the choice of material has been made based on a twofold decision-making process that provides an accurate result. In addition to this blending, the qualitative approach (Pugh method) and the quantitative approach (Analytical hierarchy process) produce more accurate results during the comparison process, making it easier to choose the best material.
Design and analysis of different flow configurations in a radiative water-cooling system
Authors: Senthil Kumar Rajendran , Manikandan Sundararaj
Published: January 2025

Radiative cooling is an emerging potential alternative to conventional cooling systems. It has the potential to attain sub-ambient temperatures in water-cooling systems. The performance of radiative water-cooling systems depends on numerous factors, including atmospheric conditions, characteristics of the coating, and geometry of the system. A spectrally selective surface coating was used in this study to cool the fluid. Along with the coating, the fluid flow path design is also one of the crucial factors that will affect the cooling performance of the system. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of different flow paths and ambient conditions on radiative water cooling using COMSOL Multiphysics. In this study, different flow paths such as zig-zag, spiral, square spiral, and square spiral with center inlet were explored and their cooling performances were compared. The results show that the spiral flow path got a cooling power of 70 to 90 W/m2 and reached the lowest possible temperature of 286 K, and the average temperature at the outlet was 294 K when the ambient temperature was 300 K. Further, the velocity distribution and pressure drop were analyzed. These results provide important insights into enhancing flow path designs to enhance the performance of radiative water-cooling systems.
Disentangling the effects of nonrenewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions in Canada: The moderating role of construction and manufacturing
Authors: Hussain Khadim , Jian Zhong , Khan Anwar , Ali Furman , Arif Muhammad
Published: January 2025

The role of industrial sectors, including construction (CONS) and manufacturing (MFG), in mitigating carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is often overlooked. The response of these indicators in environmental sustainability is gaining critical attention among scholars and policymakers. Therefore, this research aims to address this issue by investigating the impact of nonrenewable energy consumption (NREC) under the moderating effects of CONS and MFG on Canada's CO2 emissions from 1980 to 2021, utilizing both traditional autoregressive distributed lags (ARDLs) and dynamic ARDL simulation methods. The findings reveal that NREC, CONS, and economic growth (GDP) are significant drivers of emissions in both the short and long run. Meanwhile, MFG reduces emissions in the long run with no significant short-run impact. Further analysis using Generalized Kernel-based regularized least squares (gKRLS) and frequency domain causality (FDC) tests confirmed these results. Moreover, examining the moderating role of CONS and MFG exhibits significant long-run positive moderating effects on the NREC-CO2 relationship, with MFG having a more substantial impact than CONS. However, both sectors show insignificant adverse moderating effects in the short run. Robustness analysis using quantile regression (QREG) and simultaneous quantile regression (SQREG) demonstrates that GDP and MFG consistently mitigate CO2 emissions across all quantiles, with stronger effects at higher emissions levels. These results underscore the importance of targeted renewable energy policies that balance economic growth with environmental sustainability.
Relationship of isokinetic strength, power and ankle flexibility on underwater dolphin kick speed in competitive collegiate swimmers
Authors: Lee Jae Hak , Hopkins J. Ty , Hong Junggi , Son S. Jun
Published: January 2025

Background

Several factors can contribute to increasing dolphin kick speed that muscle activation and simulation studies have been conducted. Although driving force can be generated by lower extremity strength and power, the relationship of isokinetic strength and power on dolphin kick speed remains unclear. Therefore, to examine a cause-and-effect relationship whether isokinetic strength and power, and ankle flexibility can contribute to increasing dolphin kick speed.

Objective

Twenty-one competitive collegiate male swimmers participated in this study.

Methods

The isokinetic strength (peak moment, Nm/kg) and power (time to peak moment, sec) of lower extremity, and ankle plantarflexion and dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) were measured. Dolphin kick speed was measured by underwater video cameras (m/s).

Results

Underwater dolphin kick speed was affected by lower extremity strength and power of knee flexion, knee extension, and ankle dorsiflexion. Moreover, time to peak moment of knee flexion, knee extension, and ankle plantarflexion were also influencing factors.

Conclusions

This study suggests that velocity-based training could be suitable for improving strength and power for swimmers as the fast contraction speed of knee and ankle measures appeared to affect the dolphin kick speed in this study.
The Potential of Neonatal Organ Donation in Central Sweden
Authors: Bluhme Emil , Henckel Ewa , Hallberg Boubou , Jorns Carl
Published: January 2025

Pediatric organ transplant recipients have a higher risk for wait list mortality due to the scarcity of size matched organs. Neonatal organ donation could potentially ameliorate the discrepancy but is currently not implemented in Sweden. This study aims to evaluate the potential of neonatal organ donation in central Sweden using a standardized protocol with organ specific criteria. Data on 2,061 neonates who deceased in central Sweden from 2006 to 2016 were collected; 308 neonates met criteria for possible donation. Medical records of all possible donors were reviewed, identifying 85 potential donors. Main cause of death was hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy 47% (n = 40). Median weight was 2,355 (IQR: 1,953) g, with 31% receiving inotropic support. Median creatinine of 72 (IQR: 67) µmol/l, urine production 3 (IQR: 2.2) ml/kg/h, ALT 0.51 (IQR: 1.5) µkat/l, and AST 1.7 (IQR: 3.1) µkat/l. Criteria for kidney donation was met in 39 potential neonatal, 29 for liver and 18 for heart, corresponding to a potential increase of 1.9, 1.4, and 0.9 donors PMP per year, respectively. In total, 16 neonates had a catastrophic neurological injury in combination with lack of brainstem reflexes, indicating plausibility of donation after brain death. Expanding organ donation into the neonatal period in Sweden could lead to an increase in organs available for transplant.
Unveiling Determinants of Resource Allocation to R&D and Advertising: Insights from Indian Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Kaur Navjot , Singh Balwinder
Published: January 2025

Businesses are eager to understand the factors influencing their resource allocation decisions, yet this area remains largely unexplored in academic research. Furthermore, the existing limited literature predominantly focuses on the determinants of resource allocation to research and development (R&D), with a heavy emphasis on high-income countries. Against this backdrop, this study addresses the lacuna in academic research regarding factors influencing resource allocation decisions, particularly in emerging markets like India. Focused on Indian manufacturing firms, the research employs fractional logistic regression on a 187-firm panel from 2006 to 2023, exploring determinants of R&D and advertising spending. Results indicate positive impacts of capital intensity, liquidity, export intensity, past financial performance and firm age on R&D spending, while large, highly geared firms with strong stock performance show lower R&D intensity. Advertising spending is positively influenced by high liquidity, growth prospects and past sales, with negative impacts from factors like capital intensity, leverage, firm size and stock market performance. Industry-specific factors significantly influence resource allocation decisions, emphasizing the need for tailored strategies. The study provides practical insights for managers, suggesting the prioritization of internal funding for R&D and advertising, maintaining a lower debt structure, and recognizing the innovation-marketing spending trade-off. Also, the findings highlight the need to align resource allocation with a plethora of firm-specific factors. Moreover, the results accentuate that managers should consider industry-level factors, as they significantly impact resource allocation. The non-linear effects of industrial concentration on R&D and advertising suggest a need for careful evaluation of competition levels. Resource investments in R&D and advertising may vary with changing industrial concentration. The positive impact of industrial turbulence on R&D and the opposite effect on advertising suggest a focus on innovation during turbulent times. Managers are advised to carefully manage the R&D-advertising trade-off in such periods.
The Impact of Job Autonomy on Employee Creativity: Examining Perceived Supervisor Support as a Mediator and Job Difficulty as a Moderator
Authors: Kivrak Fatma Halide , Arslan Mahmut , Yorno Inmaculada Adarves-
Published: January 2025

Research indicates that job autonomy (JA) plays a pivotal role in enhancing employee creativity (EC); however, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms facilitating this connection is still limited. To address this lacuna, we draw on self-determination theory, which argues that perceived supervisory support (PSS) may act as a mediator. Thus, this study explores how JA enhances creativity through PSS. Furthermore, we explore the moderating role of the job difficulty level on the relationship between JA and EC. Conducting a cross-sectional survey involving 561 employees in the Turkish media sector, our study utilizes structural equation modelling in AMOS and employs moderator analysis in PROCESS Macro. The results unveil that JA not only directly positively impacts EC but also exerts an indirect influence through the mediating role of PSS. Furthermore, our findings highlight the moderating effect of job difficulty level, indicating a negative impact on the relationship between JA and EC. Among the examined control variables, including gender, organizational tenure and sectoral tenure, it is notable that sectoral tenure emerges as the sole factor significantly influencing EC.

These results have significant implications for the development of innovative management strategies and human resources policies tailored to the unique needs of media companies. The study underscores the importance of understanding the intricate dynamics between JA, PSS and job difficulty levels in fostering a creative work environment.
Anti-Cancer Efficacy of Acacia nilotica Nanoparticles: Apoptosis Induction and Tumor Regression in a DMBA-induced Breast Cancer Rat Model
Authors: Hajla Asma M. , Al-Khuraiji Afrah , El-Nagar Doaa M. , Al-Malahi Nawal M. , Alanazi Ibrahim O. , Abdel-Gaber Rewaida
Published: January 2025

Background

Breast cancer remains a significant global health burden despite advancements in treatment. While conventional therapies often induce adverse effects, there is growing interest in exploring natural alternatives. Acacia nilotica, a traditionally used medicinal plant, has shown promise in cancer management.

Purpose

This study investigated the therapeutic potential of A. nilotica extract and nanoparticles against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer in albino rats.

Methods

The formation of A. nilotica crude solution and nanoparticles was done and characterized via dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A total of 60 female Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups (10 rats/group) and received care in compliance with the state authorities following the Saudi Arabian rules of animal protection. The animals in the first group were given distilled water, while those in the second group were administered DMBA (50 mg/kg). The third and fourth groups were treated with 10 mg/kg of the A. nilotica crude solution and nanoparticles, respectively. In the fifth and sixth groups, A. nilotica crude solution and nanoparticles were administered with 10 mg/kg after DMBA-induced breast cancer in rats, respectively. After sacrificing the rats, the blood and breast tissues were collected from each rat and processed for histological and apoptotic markers analyses.

Results

Our findings indicated that the average size of nanoparticles was 162.5 nm in diameter with 0.145 as a polydispersity index (PDI). Functional groups were confirmed via FTIR analysis for A. nilotica crude solution and nanoparticles. Histopathological analysis revealed a marked reduction in tumor size and cellular proliferation in nanoparticle-treated groups. Our data demonstrated that both formulations significantly inhibited tumor growth and induced apoptosis, as evidenced by altered Bcl-2 and BAX expression.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that A. nilotica nanoparticles warrant further investigation as a potential therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
The Impact of Traditional Chinese Medicines on Osteoclastogenesis through NF-κB Signaling Pathway: A Review
Authors: Huang Jiajun , Wu Diyou , Zhao Yu , Xue Yun , Huang Junqing , Yang Bin
Published: January 2025

Osteoclasts are specialized cells responsible for bone resorption, which plays a crucial role in the dynamic processes of bone remodeling and maintenance. Osteolytic skeletal disorders, such as osteoporosis, arise from an imbalance between the activities of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. The regulatory mechanisms underlying osteoclast differentiation, known as osteoclastogenesis, are governed by the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) signaling system. In this system, the RANK, a type 1 transmembrane protein, acts as a central regulator of osteoclastogenesis through various signaling pathways. This review seeks to explore the influence of Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) on osteoclastogenesis, focusing on the NF-κB signaling pathway. This study aims to offer valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies for managing osteolytic skeletal disorders by investigating the interaction between TCM and the regulatory mechanisms that control osteoclast function. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, concentrating on studies that examine the effects of TCM on osteoclastogenesis and the NF-κB signaling pathway. Databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for peer-reviewed articles, reviews, and clinical studies. The inclusion criteria focused on studies addressing the impact of TCM on osteoclast function and the associated molecular mechanisms, especially those involving the RANKL/RANK/OPG system and the NF-κB pathway. The review identified several TCM compounds with regulatory effects on osteoclastogenesis. These compounds were found to modulate the NF-κB pathway, influencing osteoclast differentiation and activity. Key findings highlighted the discovery of specific TCM herbs and their active ingredients that can inhibit osteoclast formation and function, promoting bone health. The mechanisms of action often involved suppressing RANKL-induced NF-κB activation, a crucial process for osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. This review underscores the potential of TCMs as therapeutic agents for osteolytic skeletal disorders through their modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. The findings suggest that TCM may significantly regulate osteoclastogenesis, offering new avenues for developing treatments for conditions like osteoporosis. However, further research and clinical trials are necessary to fully elucidate the therapeutic potential of TCM and translate these findings into clinical practice.
Mechanism of Ginkgo Diterpene Lactone Meglumine Injection Promoting Angiogenesis and Improving Cerebral Perfusion in Cerebral Infarction Rats
Authors: Zhan Tao , Li Ruixia , Shen Jiahui , Chen Xinya , Liu Pingguo
Published: January 2025

Background

In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has shown advantages in treating ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, including multi-component, multi-target, and low toxicity effects. Purpose: The aim of this study was to clarify the impact of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine injection (GDLMI) on promoting microvascular neovascularization and improving cerebral perfusion after cerebral infarction (CIF) in rats and to explore its underlying mechanisms in promoting angiogenesis.

Methods

Seventy-five rats were randomly rolled into Sham (sham surgery) group, Model (acute CIF model) group, low-dose (LD) (1 g/kg bw GDLMI) group, medium-dose (MD) (3 g/kg bw GDLMI) group, and high-dose (HD) (5 g/kg bw GDLMI) group. The neurological function of rats was evaluated using the Longa method. Micro-PET was performed to evaluate brain metabolism status at 7 days post-reperfusion. Serum expression levels (ELs) of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured. Brain tissue samples were collected to assess cerebral infarct volume and to measure oxidative stress (OS) markers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA). TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) was performed to detect the apoptosis rate of cortical neurons. Western blotting was conducted to determine brain tissue’s ELs of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietins-1 (Ang-1), p-PI3K, and p-AKT proteins.

Results

Rats in Model group exhibited higher Longa scores and increased cerebral infarct volume, decreased brain 18F-FDG content, elevated serum ELs of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, reduced SOD and CAT activities, increased MDA content in brain tissue, elevated apoptosis rate of cortical neurons, and elevated protein ELs of VEGF and Ang-1 in brain tissue, accompanied by decreased ELs of p-PI3K and p-AKT proteins compared to the Sham group ( p < 0.05). Rats in the LD, MD, and HD groups showed decreased Longa scores and cerebral infarct volume, increased brain 18F-FDG content, decreased ELs of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, increased SOD and CAT activities, decreased MDA content in brain tissue, decreased apoptosis rate of cortical neurons, and increased protein ELs of VEGF, Ang-1, p-PI3K, and p-AKT in brain tissue versus Model group ( p < 0.05). The effects on all indicators in rats showed a dose-dependent trend.

Conclusion

GDLMI has a protective effect against acute CIF/reperfusion injury (RI), which may be attributed to its ability to suppress inflammation and OS damage by activating PI3K/AKT signaling.
Curcumin Lipid Nanoemulsion Inhibits Cervical Cancer Progression by Upregulating Metastasis-associated Gene 1
Authors: Yu Yanhua , Hu Tian , Zhong Guiwei
Published: January 2025

Background

The abnormal expression of metastasis-associated gene 1 (MTA1) is related to the proliferation of tumor cells. Curcumin lipid nanoemulsion can effectively inhibit the growth of cervical cancer cells. Purpose: This study mainly explores whether curcumin lipid nanoemulsion can inhibit the disease process of cervical cancer by regulating MTA1.

Methods

20 µmol/L curcumin lipid nanoemulsion was used to intervene with Hela cells for 0, 6, 12, and 24 h, respectively. Observe cell proliferation and cycle after curcumin intervention at different concentrations and at different times, observe the protein expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway factors, and verify that PI3K is the direct target of MTA1.

Results

Curcumin lipid nanoemulsion dose-dependently inhibited cell proliferation with a more obvious at 10 µmol/L ( p < 0.01). From 24 h onwards, cell number in the S phase in 20 µmol/L curcumin lipid nanoemulsion began to decrease significantly; cell number increased significantly in the G0/ G1 phase and decreased in the G2/M phase ( p < 0.05). The higher the concentration of curcumin lipid nanoemulsion, the higher the expression of the MTA1 inhibitor, showing a certain concentration and dose dependence. MTA1 can directly target PI3K. When the concentration of curcumin lipid nanoemulsion was 10 µmol/L, the expressions of PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR decreased, and the decrease was more significant at 20 µmol/L ( p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Curcumin lipid nanoemulsion can inhibit cervical cancer cell proliferation and control cell growth. Curcumin lipid nanoemulsion mainly acts through the MTA1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis. MTA1 negatively regulates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
Discriminatory Meme Culture on Football Twitter: Othering and Racialisation Through Insensitive Humour
Authors: Glynn Eleanore , Brown David H. K. , Edwards Lisa
Published: January 2025

There is currently a lack of sociological research surrounding the analysis of discriminatory memes on social media, with it appearing that their usage now has a home online, often without any condemnation from other users. This article explores the footballing Twitter community and its creation and use of insensitive racialising memes during the 2020 UEFA European Football Championship final between England and Italy. Twitter removed almost 2,000 tweets following the Euro 2020 final, with most tweets coming from the UK. This qualitative study collected tweets regarding the Italian footballer Giorgio Chiellini’s foul on the English player Bukayo Saka during the final match. Two main concepts were identified, humour and Othering, where the Othering of Black footballers was often concealed by humour. However, this article focuses on the representation of Othering through humour and memes. Ultimately, this article analyses memes’ formulation and commentary on football Twitter, often including problematic racialised narratives. The article concludes by reflecting on how critically understanding meme usage can help to challenge racialised discrimination on football Twitter specifically.
Mobility in an Imagined Global Knowledge Space: Chinese STEM Undergraduates’ Decision to Study in Europe
Authors: Wang Jialu , Shen Wenqin
Published: January 2025

This paper examines how the “imagined global knowledge space” influences the mobility of Chinese STEM students in Europe, based on interviews with 28 participants. It finds that, firstly, Chinese students perceive a diverse global knowledge landscape, acknowledging China's rapid progress and questioning the traditional “center-periphery” model. Secondly, students’ views on the global knowledge space vary by their exposure to this space, career plans, and disciplinary background, impacting their motivations to study abroad-whether knowledge-seeking, pedagogical, or consumer-oriented. Thirdly, this study finds that Chinese STEM students in Europe view destination choices through a triadic “US/Europe/other countries” perspective, moving beyond the traditional “center-periphery” dualism model. With rising geopolitical tensions between China and the US, Europe emerges as a favorable alternative for education. The findings highlight that students’ study-abroad decisions are shaped not by fixed global structures but by subjective, imagination-based perceptions of the global knowledge space.
Knowledge Diplomacy in the De-Risking Context: What Does “De-Risking” Mean for EU-China Higher Education Collaboration?
Authors: Liu Wei , Løkke Jakobsen Marianne , Yu Cheryl , Huang Chao , Malinen Olli-Pekka , Zhang Xiangsu
Published: January 2025

The de-risking strategy rolled out by the European Union (EU) in 2023 was a major historical event for EU-China relations in higher education. In this study, 40 international education professionals from both China and the EU were interviewed to glean an understanding of what potential impact the policy may have on EU-China relations in higher education. Using knowledge diplomacy as a theoretical lens, this study aims to examine whether the higher education sector is able to balance national security and knowledge diplomacy in their international activities in the “de-risking” context. Despite some important concerns perceived, close to half of international educators from both sides are optimistic about the higher education sector's ability to transcend geopolitical tensions and continue collaboration. The confidence in the future prospect shows that de-risking presents challenges to collaborations, but the challenges do not necessarily eliminate the possibility of knowledge diplomacy.
Investigation of the frequency and selected prevalence factors of equid alphaherpesvirus 4 viremia in horses with acute onset of fever and respiratory signs
Authors: Pusterla Nicola , Barnum Samantha , Lawton Kaila , Craig Bryant , James Kaitlyn
Published: January 2025

Equid alphaherpesvirus 4 (EqAHV4; Orthoherpesviridae, Varicellovirus equidalpha4; equine rhinopneumonitis virus) has seldom been associated with complications such as abortion and myeloencephalopathy, given the low tendency of this virus to induce viremia. We investigated the frequency of EqAHV4 viremia in horses with fever and respiratory signs. Case selection included all equids with EqAHV4 quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR)–positive nasal secretions (defined as EqAHV4 qPCR–positive cases) submitted to a diagnostic laboratory. Controls consisted of each case submitted before and after each EqAHV4 qPCR–positive case. Purified nucleic acid from blood samples collected from EqAHV4 qPCR–positive horses and control cases was tested for EqAHV4 by qPCR. We selected 183 EqAHV4 qPCR–positive horses and 376 EqAHV4 qPCR–negative horses. In general, EqAHV4 qPCR–positive horses were younger, and had a lower rate of anorexia and a higher rate of nasal discharge compared to the EqAHV4 qPCR–negative horses. A total of 25 of 183 (13.7%) horses with EqAHV4 qPCR–positive nasal secretions tested qPCR-positive for EqAHV4 in blood. EqAHV4 viremic horses were significantly younger ( p < 0.015 for group <1-y-old) and had a significantly higher occurrence of distal limb edema ( p < 0.05) than EqAHV4 non-viremic horses. Our data support the observation that EqAHV4 viremia is rarely detected in EqAHV4-infected horses, which explains the low level of reported complications, such as abortion and myeloencephalopathy.
Development of a qPCR assay to identify and differentiate insect-associated strains of the Serratia marcescens complex
Authors: Doidge Nicholas P. , Allen Joanne L. , Bushell Rhys , Lynch Michael , Browning Glenn F. , Marenda Marc S.
Published: January 2025

The Serratia marcescens complex contains important opportunistic pathogens of humans and vertebrate animals, as well as insects and other invertebrates. To date, the methods used for the identification of species within the genus Serratia, including PCR assays, have poor discriminatory power and may require further molecular typing or genomic sequence analysis to determine clinical relevance. We developed a duplex TaqMan probe–based quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay targeting the chiP gene, which is involved in chitin degradation and transport, and the ureD gene, which is involved in urease production. This allowed us to simultaneously identify all members of the S. marcescens complex ( chiP positive) and differentiate those most likely to act as insect pathogens ( chiP and ureD positive). We applied our assay to identify potentially entomopathogenic members of the S. marcescens complex in the context of a conservation program for the critically endangered insect Dryococelus australis and found it to be a useful aid for rapid and accurate detection of infection with S. marcescens complex strains in insects and determination of their clinical relevance. By targeting 2 genes likely to be virulence factors, this assay may also be of use for research investigating the pathogenesis of entomopathogenic Serratia spp.
Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Flourishing Scale
Authors: Sabah Aiche , Aljaberi Musheer A. , El-Mir Mohammed , Hajji Jamel , Alduais Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Background: Psychological flourishing has significant attention within positive psychology, emphasizing the need for reliable tools across diverse cultural contexts. Purpose: This study examines the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Flourishing Scale (FS) among Algerian and Moroccan populations. Methods: A total of 758 university students from Algeria and Morocco, representing various academic disciplines, participated. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to evaluate the scale's structure and measurement invariance. Results: The CFA demonstrated good fit indices (χ² = 114.578, CFI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.08). Reliability estimates were satisfactory (Cronbach's α = 0.79). Measurement invariance confirmed the scale's cross-cultural reliability and validity, supporting its consistency across Algerian and Moroccan samples. Discussion: The Arabic version of the FS is a reliable, valid, and culturally adaptable tool for assessing psychological flourishing. It offers valuable insights for research and applications in positive psychology within Arab contexts, ensuring relevance for diverse groups.
Race and Ethnicity, Neighborhood Social Deprivation and Medicare Home Health Agency Quality for Persons Living With Serious Illness
Authors: Jones Tessa , Luth Elizabeth A. , Cleland Charles M. , Brody Abraham A.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Examine the relationship between race and ethnicity and area-level social deprivation and Medicare home health care (HHC) agency quality for seriously ill older adults receiving HHC.

Methods

A linear probability fixed effects model analyzed the association between patient-level predictors and HHC agency quality (star-rating), controlling for neighborhood level fixed effects. Linear mixed regression modeled the relationship between area-level social deprivation and receiving care from a high-quality HHC agency. An interaction term between race and social deprivation index quartiles examined whether racial disparities in accessing high-quality HHC agencies depended on the level of neighborhood social deprivation.

Results

The final sample consisted of 213 491 Medicare beneficiaries. Reduced access to high-quality HHC was associated with identifying as Black (1.2 % point lower, P < .001), having Medicaid (5.5 % point lower, P < .0001), and living in a neighborhood with high social deprivation (6.5% point lower, P < .001). The effect of race on access to high-quality HHC persisted regardless of the level of neighborhood social deprivation.

Conclusions

For people living with serious illness, living in areas with higher social deprivation is associated with lower-quality HHC. Patient race and ethnicity has a consistent effect reducing access to high-quality HHC agencies, regardless of neighborhood. Future research must investigate ways to improve access to high-quality HHC for racial and ethnic historically marginalized populations who are seriously ill, especially in areas of high social deprivation. This includes understanding what policies, organizational structures, or care processes impede or improve access to high-quality care.
Acupuncture for ankylosing spondylitis: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Di , Zhang Gui-long , Peng Bo , Wu Zhi-peng , Yi Xiao-ding , Zhao Tian-yu , Sun Jian-feng
Published: January 2025

Background: 

Existing evidence is insufficient to support that acupuncture is effective in treating ankylosing spondylitis (AS) due to the constraints of acupuncture site and manipulation, and relatively straightforward study treatments and indicators.

Objective: 

By incorporating high-quality original literature, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture for AS and to demonstrate acupuncture as a non-drug supplementary and alternative means for treating AS.

Methods: 

We searched seven databases from their inception to March 31, 2023. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with PEDro score ≥ 6 that compared traditional acupuncture alone or in combination with non-acupuncture therapy on diagnostic AS were considered. The PEDro, ROB2, and STATA tools were used for quality evaluation and statistical analysis.

Results: 

A total of 21 RCTs covering 1884 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that acupuncture had positive effects on Western medicine effective rate (RR = 1.223, 95%CI: 1.150, 1.301, P < 0.001), traditional Chinese medicine effective rate (RR = 1.175, 95%CI: 1.111, 1.243, P < 0.001), pain score (visual analogue scale, SMD = −0.666, 95%CI: −0.801, −0.531, P < 0.001), spinal function including bath ankylosing spondylitis function index score (SMD = −0.827, 95%CI: −0.945, −0.708, P < 0.001), bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index score (SMD = −1.069, 95%CI: −1.190, −0.949, P < 0.001), and bath ankylosing spondylitis metrology index score (SMD = −0.699, 95%CI: −0.887, −0.511, P < 0.001), ankylosing spondylitis quality of life score(SMD = −0.619, 95%CI: −0.917, −0.322, P < 0.001), C-reactive protein levels (SMD = −0.980, 95%CI: −1.092, −0.868, P < 0.001) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate value (SMD = −0.701, 95%CI: −0.810, −0.591, P < 0.001).

Conclusion: 

Though with a high risk of bias, the high-quality studies indicate that acupuncture is a beneficial complementary and alternative therapy for AS patients, as it can reduce pain intensity and improve effective rate, spinal function, and anti-inflammatory response.
Epidemiological Patterns and Geospatial Mapping of Cleft Lip/Palate in a Comprehensive Cleft Center in Northwestern Nigeria: Estimating Distribution Using Geographical Information Systems
Authors: Aborisade Adetayo , Oguchi Chika O. , Adeoye Joshua B. , Badamasi Murtala M. , Ibrahim Abdu N. , Adebola Rafael , Butali Azeez
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aims to estimate the geospatial distribution of cleft lip/palate (CL/P) cases in northwestern Nigeria and to estimate the prevalence and patterns of CL/P across wards.

Design

This retrospective study utilized information from health records for inpatients with CL/P. These data were analyzed via descriptive statistics. Spatial mapping involves geocoding street addresses into map coordinate system before aggregation for subsequent spatial analyses.

Setting

The center used was a nongovernmental organization clinic that manages CL/P.

Participants

All patients managed during the study period under 15 years were selected for the study, while the spatial analysis included all patients with valid addresses.

Results

A total of 1556 cases were selected, while spatial analyses mapped 928 cases. The analysis indicated over half (54.4%, n = 505 patients) lived in Kano Metropolis, whereas 45.6% ( n = 423 patients) lived outside the Metropolis. CL/P prevalence correlated with the population density pattern in Kano. The prevalence of clefts was highest in Metropolis in 2008, and the Metropolis had the highest prevalence of clefts for children under 5 years of age. The significant patient and maternal factors were age ( P < .001), weight ( P < .001), socioeconomic status ( P < .003), positive family history of cleft ( P < .001), and maternal factors.

Conclusion

The GIS analysis revealed that most patients with CL/P who received treatment at the NGO lived nearby, with the greatest prevalence of clefts occurring in the Metropolis. The cost of travel may explain why those further afield do not come in for treatment or lack public awareness about the services provided at the cleft clinic.
Using a Mindfulness-Based Intervention With Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder to Decrease Disruptive Behavior in Early Elementary Inclusion Classrooms
Authors: Lee Erica O. , Ennis Robin P. , Anson Lauren E. , Kilgo Jennifer , Christensen Lois M. , Hill Kelly , Stavrinos Despina
Published: January 2025

Students with emotional dysregulation are not equipped with the ability to manage their own behavior. This often leads to major disruptions in the general education setting, interfering with the student’s learning and the learning of others. This study examined the effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on the presence of disruptive behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder or developmental delays in early elementary inclusion classrooms. An ABAB single-case research design was conducted on four students with characteristics of autism spectrum disorder between the ages of 5 and 8 to determine the effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on their disruptive behavior patterns. The researcher developed a mindfulness-based intervention comprised of structured breathing, mindful movement activities, and statements of positive affirmation for use during this 6-week study. Results of participation in a mindfulness-based intervention suggest an overall positive effect with mixed results on the rate of disruptive behavior. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
How Does COVID-19 Affect Marginalized South Asian Families in Hong Kong?
Authors: Cheung Rebecca Y. M. , Bhowmik Miron Kumar , Wang Iris Yili , Castro Luisa Tan
Published: January 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has a profound impact on families worldwide. Previous studies suggested that the pandemic may disproportionally affect marginalized families. However, the impact of the pandemic on marginalized ethnic minorities in Hong Kong remains relatively unknown. This study aimed to investigate the stress and coping strategies experienced by South Asian families in Hong Kong during the pandemic. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 parents from five South Asian heritages residing in Hong Kong. Each online interview lasted approximately 60 min. The data were then analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings indicated that South Asian families in Hong Kong experienced challenges during the pandemic, such as concerns about health and family dynamics, work and financial difficulties, racial discrimination, and restrictions on religious practices. The participating families also reported perceived benefits as a result of social distancing, such as spending more quality time with their children and having more flexibility to engage in religious activities at home. The coping strategies used by the families varied, with some participants resorting to maladaptive strategies such as self-blame, whereas others employing adaptive strategies such as religious practices and constructive parent–child communication. These findings shed light on the unique impact of the pandemic on South Asian families and inform the existing literature about the well-being of these families. The present study enriches theoretical models of risk and resilience and highlights the need for policymakers and practitioners to address challenges faced by South Asian families in Hong Kong.
How Transferring Parents’ Unfulfilled Ambitions Onto Children Linked to Parental Burnout: Exploring the Mediating Mechanisms of Parental Perfectionism and Extrinsic Aspirations
Authors: Nguyen Thanh-Minh , Le Ha-Vu , Vo Anh-Tram Ngoc , Tran Bich-Ngoc Thi
Published: January 2025

Previous researchers have not explored the link between parents transferring unfulfilled ambitions onto children and parental burnout (PB). Using cross-sectional data and structural equation modeling analysis, the present study examined the mediating roles of parental perfectionism (PP) and extrinsic aspirations on the path from parents transferring unfulfilled ambitions to PB in a sample of 491 Vietnamese parents (mean age = 39.22, SD = 6.83 years). Participants completed a survey covering demographic information, transferring unfulfilled ambitions, PP, parental extrinsic aspirations, and PB. Our main findings showed that (i) parents transferring unfulfilled ambitions negatively correlated with PB and (ii) the indirect effects of PP and parental extrinsic aspirations were significant. These results suggest that parents transferring unfulfilled ambitions onto their child(ren) might serve as both a protective factor and a risk factor for parental burnout, depending on whether it stands alone or interacts with other elements. Additionally, our results highlight the urgency of creating prevention and intervention programs for PB from the perspective of PP and parental extrinsic aspirations and considering cultural specificities in research and practice on PB.