bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The mapping of vegetation cover dynamics in the Sayan-Shushensky Reserve
Authors: Vlasenko V. I.
Published: June 2020

The character of forest dynamics in the last century may be traced on the key area of the Altai-Sayan mountain country — the Sayan-Shushensky Biosphere Reserve of total area 389 000 ha. It is situated at the border of humid mountain region of South Siberia and the arid areas of Tuva. The basement for creation of prognosis map of potential state of the Reserve vegetation cover for 2050 year includes: 1) the data on inventory, ages structure, and conditions of forests; 2) the results of the earlier studies of dynamics of mountain open woodlands; 3) materials of dendroclimatic investigations at the upper and lower forest boundaries in the Sayan Mts.; 4) prognosis of climatologists.

While classifying the Reserve vegetation, 1500 biogeocoenoses have been united into 362 types of biogeocoenoses which have been included into 112 groups of associations identified in altitudinal vegetation belts: goltsy, meadows and shrub thickets; high elevation open woodlands; mountain taiga; subtaiga—forest- steppe complexes.

Local expansion of forest boundaries, at the expense of forming the 40— 80 years old forest stands in goltsy and open woodlands, testifies to climate warming, and a rise of the subtaiga—forest-steppe pine and larch forests of the 40—80 years old is the evidence of climate humification in this region during the last century. According to the prognoses of climatologists this tendency will continue in the future 50 years. On the territory of the Sayan-Shushensky Reserve, within the strip of 200 m width at the age of steppefied forests as well as within the steppes with shrubs, mesophilous species will be developed in the shrub, herb-dwarf shrub and moss cover. Under protection of shrubs, young open stands of larch and pine will spring up (on the area of 200 ha) and in subtaiga forests Abies sibirica and Pinus sibirica will appear among the regrowth.

Under canopy of the mountain taiga and the subtaiga larch forests, the second layer of dark needle-leaved species will be formed. In the places of present pyrogenic derivatives — birch and aspen forests — the fir forest with admixture of Pinus sibirica and Picea obovata will be restored. On the area of 49 322 ha, occupied by mountain woodlands (87% of the total area), the closed mountain taiga forest of Pinus sibirica will spread. The area of goltsy and shrub thickets will decrease by 44.4% (19 214 ha), being replaced by the high elevation open woodlands of Pinus sibirica and Larix sibirica. In accordance with changes in vegetation cover the boundary between the Altai-Sayan and the Central-Asian forest areas within the Reserve's territory will deviate from the modern one approximately by 25 km.
Alternative Tourism as an Alternate to Mass Tourism during the Post-COVID-19 Recovery Phase: the Case of Sri Lanka
Authors: Samarathunga WHMS , Gamage Dimuth
Published: June 2020

The present concept paper aimed at promoting alternative tourism during the post-COVID19 revival phase. Formal and informal discussions, journal articles, industry reports have been used to formulate our arguments.
Africa: Topics of Agricultural Development
Authors: Grishina Nina
Published: June 2020

In recent decades, the African segment of world agricultural development has required increasing attention from both national governments and the international community. The challenges faced by African countries in the agricultural sphere are numerous and interrelated, making them much more difficult to address. First of all, such issues as the optimization of agricultural production, investment in the most promising from the point of view of the productivity sectors of the industry and introduction of specialized computer programs into agricultural practice require a speedy solution. The use of chemical fertilizers and GM crops play an important role in achieving high yields. All these factors are designed to mitigate and, in the future, to eliminate such phenomena characteristic of African societies as hunger, malnutrition, and poverty.

Issues of agricultural development in Africa constitute the focus of authoritative international organizations, which offer various options for leading the industry out of the crisis. However, nowadays a significant part of African countries do not have the necessary material and technical means to control the increasing risks associated with agricultural production. The most serious obstacles to progress are the lack of state funding of the industry, the lack of private direct investment, the primitive ways of cultivating land on most farms, the lack of modern technology, quality seeds and fertilizers, and imperfect national legislation.

The most difficult task of the overall agricultural development strategy is to transform the sector from a subsistence-oriented one into an economically competitive industry. This task involves the introduction of technologies aimed at restoring and preserving soil fertility; providing the necessary water supply and irrigation; increasing arable land; access to credit. Important factors for the successful development of agriculture are the renewal or revision of existing land legislation, as well as training and the creation of farmers’ unions, the promotion of innovation, pricing policy and institution-building in public organizations.
Problems of Agricultural Sector in Oil-Producing Countries of Africa: Equatorial Guinea
Authors: Matveeva Natalia
Published: June 2020

The Republic of Equatorial Guinea (REG) is one of the least populated countries in Africa. Prior to the discovery of large oil and gas reserves on its shelf, it was one of the poorest countries in the world in terms of income. Being a typical backward agricultural country with a monocultural export structure, the REG provided the bulk of its foreign exchange earnings through the supply of cocoa beans to foreign markets, the cultivation of which was established on the island of Fernando Po (now Bioco) during the Spanish rule.

With the onset of the oil boom, the REG has a new income item, and the economic importance of agriculture in creating GDP fell sharply. With an increase of the inflow of petrodollars, the bulk of the budget funds intended for the development of the economy was spent on the realization and maintenance of expensive infrastructure projects. Stagnant agriculture, unable to meet the needs of the population not engaged in agricultural production, remained outside the scope of the state’s financial and economic policy. Together with the rapidly increasing rural-urban migration this inevitably exacerbated the problem of food security. It was accompanied by a fall in export agricultural production.

Since the beginning of the 2000s, the unfavorable global situation in the hydrocarbon market has led to the cessation of the inflow of new foreign investments and a reduction in oil production. The REG authorities have developed a program to diversify the sources of economic growth through the development of industries not related to the exploitation of irreplaceable natural raw materials. First of all, this applies to agriculture, which has a large and underexploited resource potential.
Education and Politics in Africa
Authors: Gribanova Valentina
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to the characterization of the models and the stages of formation of education systems in African countries and of their current status. The aim of the work was to analyze the impact of various factors on the development of education in Africa. In particular, the impact of military conflicts and the activities of terrorist organizations on the field of education were investigated. It also analyzes the increasing role of the world community in the development of education in African countries in recent decades. The main examples are the aspects of the activities of the terrorist organization Boko Haram, aimed at destabilizing and directly destroying the education system of Nigeria, and the impact of the Mali conflict of 2012-2013 on education. The activities of Boko Haram are widely covered in the scientific literature, but the article focuses on its aspects that are connected precisely with the negative impact on the educational system in Nigeria. The work broadens the perception of the challenges currently facing educational systems in Africa.
La formación vista por sus actores:
Los horizontes de una búsqueda en el bachillerato de la UNAM
Authors: Vuelvas Salazar Bonifacio , Villegas Tapia María Guadalupe
Published: June 2020

Los sentidos que construyen los estudiantes de su experiencia en el aprendizaje escolar y la relación que establecen con las experiencias de sus profesores en la enseñanza del bachillerato de la UNAM, constituyen el objeto de estudio de esta investigación. Se trata de un estudio interpretativo para comprender cómo se interrelacionan ambas experiencias, cuya esencia descansa en la formación de los estudiantes de la ENP y el CCH en la dinámica escolar. Los sentidos construidos por ellos nos permiten acceder a la subjetividad de los actores en el trayecto formativo caracterizado por la continuidad, la integración y la interacción de una práctica cotidiana escolar institucionalizada y legitimada por un modelo educativo que rinde culto a la “normalidad”, sin importar los que no encajan en dicho modelo. Sin embargo, en la convivencia diaria las relaciones interpersonales no se encuentran exentas de tensiones, conflictos y contradicciones de diversa naturaleza en el contexto actual, en el que predominan un nuevo discurso educativo y la “pedagogía de las diferencias”. En este artículo se presentan algunos avances de estas reflexiones, los cuales descubren lo que piensan los estudiantes acerca de su propia formación.
Rancangan Website untuk menampilkan data mahasiswa Teknik Industri Telkom University yang berprestasi
Authors: Nursyarikha
Published: June 2020

Proyek yang akan dijalani merupakan suatu pengembangan Website yang akan digunakan oleh seluruh mahasiswa Teknik Industri Telkom University. Tujuan di bangunnya proyek ini adalah untuk memudahkan mahasiswa Teknik Industri dalam mendapatkan informasi. Selain itu website ini juga bertujuan untuk membantu mahasiswa Teknik Industri Telkom University untuk mengenal lebih dalam para mahasiwa yang berprestasi dan jenis lomba apa yang telah diikuti. Informasi di website ini terdiri dari biodata mahasiswa beprestasi dengan menampilkan nama, foto, tempat tanggal lahir, kelas, kesan pesan dan kegiatan-kegiatan lomba yang telah diikutinya. Website ini dapat memudahkan mahasiswa Teknik Industri mendapatkan informasi. Dengan adanya website ini diharapkan dapat menjadi sumber media daam mencari informasi mahasiswa Teknik Industri Telkom University
Antiproliferation activity of God's crown fruit (Phaleria macrocarpa) extract and fractions against MCM-B2 breast cancer cells
Authors: Puspita Ratna , Hasim  , Priosoeryanto Bambang Pontjo
Published: June 2020

Breast cancer is a disease caused by abnormal cell proliferation in the breast. God’s crown fruit (Phaleria macrocarpa) and its seed have potential as an antiproliferation of cancer cells. It contains active compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, and tannins. The sample of God’s crown fruit was obtained by extraction and fractionation using the maceration method. Cytotoxicity of extracts and fractions was determined using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test method. The antiproliferation activity test of God’s crown fruit against MCM-B2 was performed using the hemacytometer method. The God’s crown fruit sample consists of crude ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction. Lethal concentration 50 (LC50) values in crude ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction were 13.72, 147.55, 405.81, and 149.55 ppm, respectively. The concentration of the test sample was directly used for the antiproliferation activity test on MCM-B2 cells. God’s crown fruit can act as an antiproliferation of MCM-B2. The smallest concentration of those samples has inhibited MCM-B2 cell proliferation which is 3.5 ppm crude ethanol extract lower than 100 ppm doxorubicin. The maximum percentage of the antiproliferation activity of crude ethanol extract (56 ppm) was able to inhibit MCM-B2 cell proliferation by 58.28% while doxorubicin (100 ppm) by 31.2%. This is due to the fact that crude ethanol extract has a lot of complex polar phytochemical content. The crude ethanol extract compounds inhibit MCM-B2 cell proliferation synergistically.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi untuk Solusi Permasalahan Transparansi Uang Amal Masjid di Suatu Wilayah dengan Metode Rapid Application Development (RAD)
Authors: Erwanda Rizkyah
Published: June 2020

Pada dewasa ini, beberapa orang mungkin terlintas dalam pemikirannya terkait uang amal masjid yang seringkali kita sedekahkan. Sepengetahuan kita, uang tersebut tentunya dipergunakan untuk merawat serta kebutuhan masjid itu sendiri. Namun ketika dipikir ulang, transparansi terkait uang amal masjid masihlah sangat minim. Masyarakat masih menggunakan cara konvensional dimana jumlah uang amal akan disebutkan nominalnya ketika sedang melakukan shalat jum’at. Berawal dari hal tersebut, penulis mulai memikirkan permasalahan-permasalahan lainnya yang turut muncul seperti ketimpangan yang terjadi akibat orang-orang pada umumnya memilih untuk melakukan ibadah di masjid yang bagus dan beramal disana sehingga masjid- masjid yang sebenarnya masih perlu dikembangkan menjadi semakin tertinggal.
Jual Obat Blue Wizard Asli Di Makassar 081315403456 Perangsang Wanita
Authors: Erogan
Published: June 2020

Jual Obat Blue Wizard Asli Di Makassar, Jual Obat Perangsang Wanita Asli Di Makassar, Jual Obat Perangsang Blue Wizard Di Makassar, Agen Resmi Obat Blue Wizard Di Makassar, Pusat Obat Perangsang Wanita Makassar, Jual Blue Wizard Asli Di Makassar,Blue Wizard Asli Obat Perangsang Wanita Cair Paling AmpuhBlue Wizard Cair Adalah Obat Perangsang Wanita Terbaik Asli Jerman Efektif Meningkatkan Hasrat Gairah Seks Pada Wanita. Blue Wizard Di MakassarPerangsang Wanita Cair Blue Wizard Merupakan Obat Perangsang Yang Berupa Cair Dengan Cepat Dapat Larut Dalam Air Berbagai Minuman Dan Berfungsi Untuk Meningkatkan Gairah Seksualitas Wanita Penuh Cepat Dan Intensif.
Equine Simplified Acute Physiology Score (EqSAPS): personalized medicine for the equine emergency patient
Authors: Barros Aline , da Silva Ana Flavia Rocha , Zibordi Miriam , Spagnolo Julio David , Corrêa Rodrigo Romero , Belli Carla Bargi , de Camargo Maristela Martins
Published: June 2020

Scoring models are useful tools that guide the attending clinician in gauging the severity of disease evolution, and in evaluating the efficacy of treatment. There are few tools available with this purpose for the non-human patient, including horses. We aimed (i) to adapt the Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 (SAPS-3) model for the equine species, reaching a margin of accuracy greater than 75% in the calculation of the probability of death, and (ii) to build a decision tree that helps the attending veterinarian in assessment of the clinical evolution of the equine patient. From an initial pool of 5 568 medical records from University-based Veterinary Hospitals, a final cohort of 1 000 was further mined manually for data extraction. A set of 19 variables were evaluated and tested by five data mining algorithms. The final scoring model, named EqSAPS for Equine Simplified Acute Physiology Score, reached 91.83% of correct estimates for probability of death within 24 hours upon hospitalization. The Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUROC) for outcome “death” was 0.742, while for “survival” was 0.652. The final decision tree was able to refine prognosis of patients whose EqSAPS score suggested “death”. EqSAPS is an useful tool to gauge the severity of the clinical presentation of the equine patient.
Rancangan Sistem Informasi Website Online pada Sebuah Masjid (Tempat Ibadah)
Authors: Rachma Vanya Aulia
Published: June 2020

Pesatnya perkembangan informasi dan teknologi membuat banyak pihak berlomba-lomba untuk memanfaatkan hal tersebut untuk berbagai macam kepentingan, tentunya hal tersebut tidak terlepas dari tujuannya itu sendiri yaitu mempermudah seseorang untuk dapat mengakses dan mengetahui berbagai informasi yang ada secara efektif. Pemanfaatan informasi dan teknologi tidak hanya dapat dimanfaatkan oleh pemerintahan, proses bisnis dan lain sebagainya. Tetapi, tempat ibadah juga dapat memanfaatkan penggunaan informasi teknologi tersebut. Disamping itu, mengingat tempat ibadah merupaka sebuah sarana bagi semua pemeluk agama di suatu tempat untuk melakukan ibadah dan sebagai tempat penyiaran agama. fungsi rumah ibadah di samping sebagai tempat peribadahan diharapkan dapat memberikan dorongan yang kuat dan terarah bagi jamaahnya, agar kehidupan spiritual keberagamaan bagi pemeluk agama tersebut menjadi lebih baik dan salah satu tempat ibadah yang dimaksud adalah masjid (Asnawati, 2004: 38). Pemanfaatan informasi teknologi membuat persebaran infrormasi terkait kegiatan-kegiatan yang diselenggarakan di setiap tempat ibadah dapat lebih meluas sehingga memungkinkan jumlah peserta (jama’ah) yang mengikuti kegiatan keagamaan semakin meningkat. Oleh karenanya pemanfaatan informasi dan teknologi ini dapat diaplikasikan ke dalam pembuatan website online untuk sebuat tempat ibadah dimana sesorang dapat mengakses website tersebut dan mengatahui informasi kegiatan-kegiatan yang terdapat disebuah tempat ibadah.
Format Rancangan Sistem Informasi untuk Database Aspirasi Himpunan
Authors: Rafif Muhammad Fadhil
Published: June 2020

Sistem aplikasi ini ialah sebuah sistem yang membantu para pelaku organisasi untuk mengolah segala aspirasi yang dilontarkan semua entitas, hal ini memudahkan organisasi/himpunan tersebut dalam menampung segala ide dan menambah variabel pengambilan keputusan.
Maximum incubation period for COVID-19 infection: do we need to rethink the 14-day quarantine policy?
Authors: Bikbov Boris , Bikbov Alexander
Published: June 2020

Manuscript presents the shortcomings of the widely accepted 14 days maximal incubation period for COVID-19 infection. We listed the accumulating published data which indicate substantially longer incubation period up to 32 days (in some studies more than 14 days incubation period was registered in more than 5% of patients with traced contacts), and recent policy requirements in some Chinese provinces to increase the mandatory isolation period over the 14 days for travelers coming from countries with rising epidemic curve. The data summarized in our comment could lead to substantial changes in global policy to minimize the risks of further infection spread and have important implications to the public health.
RANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI APLIKASI MASJID ONLINE UNTUK MASYARAKAT DI TENGAH PANDEMIC CORONA DENGAN METODE WATERFALL
Authors: Putri Ayuniar Salsabila
Published: June 2020

Indonesia masih berhadapan dengan virus COVID-19 yang mengakibatkan sebagian dari masyarakat Indonesia terjangkit penyakit virus tersebut. Jumlah kasus virus COVID-19 terus bertambah dengan beberapa melaporkan kesembuhan, tapi tak sedikit korban yang meninggal. Penularan virus corona sangat cepat hingga Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia WHO menetapkan virus corona atau COVID-19 merupakan pandemic. Akibat virus corona, banyak tenaga medis seperti dokter, perawat, petugas medis menjadi gardu terdepan untuk menghadapi pasien yang terjangkit virus tersebut. Bukan hanya itu saja, virus tersebut telah merugikan banyak negara. Untuk mencegah penyebaran virus ini semakin meluas, negara yang terjangkit virus tersebut mengambil tindakan seperti lock down, social distancing, PSBB (Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar). Indonesia melakukan tindakan social distancing dan PSBB untuk tindakan preventif menghadapi virus COVID-19 agar penyebaran virus tersebut tidak meluas. Sehingga dengan ada tindakan tersebut masyarakat melakukan aktivitas pekerjaan, beribadah, belajar hanya dari rumah saja.Karena adanya wabah pandemic corona ini maka, di ciptakan Aplikasi Masjid Online karena walaupun beribadah dari rumah saja agar lebih maksimal seperti beribadah rutin di Masjid. Dalam Aplikasi tersebut sudah di sediakan kumpulan video-video ceramah, sholat wajib dan sunnah, do’a, serta piket kebersihan Masjid.
Mate Availability and Sexual Disgust
Authors: Crosby Courtney L. , Durkee Patrick , Sedlacek Anna , Buss David M.
Published: June 2020

Objective: One of the factors that sexual disgust should be calibrated to is the size of the mating pool. This study tested this hypothesis by examining whether perceptions of mate availability explain variance in levels of sexual disgust towards potential mates.Methods: Participants (N = 853; 373 women) rated how sexually disgusting they found 60 potential mates that have previously been rated on attractiveness by a separate group of raters. We also measured participants’ perceptions of mate availability in their local environment, self-perceived attractiveness and mate value, and relevant control variables. Results: Multilevel models revealed a negative association between sexual disgust towards potential mates and perceived mate availability—the opposite of what we predicted. We found support for our prediction that women had higher levels of sexual disgust than men, but only after addressing the confounding sex difference in target attractiveness. We also found the predicted negative association between target attractiveness and sexual disgust. Finally, as predicted, sexual disgust levels were more strongly related to potential mates’ attractiveness in individuals who perceived there to be many available mates in their local environment. Conclusions: These findings generally bolster functional accounts of sexual disgust while highlighting the need for more evidence to ascertain the role of mate availability in the calibration of sexual disgust. Specifically, future research should examine the extent to which disgust levels may truncate mental representations of the mating pool instead of being calibrated by them.
PROSIDING KIK XXVII_BABEL_2018. Representasi Nilai Kearifan Lokal dalam Puisi
Authors: Muliadi Muliadi
Published: June 2020

Nilai adalah sesuatu yang baik dan berharga dalam hidup dan kehidupan manusia. Kalau demikian, setiap manusia pasti menginginkan nilai. Nilai terepresentasi dalam perbuatan atau dalam karya manusia. Karya manusia beraneka ragam dan salah satu di antaranya adalah karya sastra. Contoh karya sastra adalah novel, cerita pendek, drama, dan puisi. Karya sastra yang dibahas dalam tulisan ini hanya karya sastra yang berupa puisi. Puisi adalah representasi tindakan dan pemikiran dari sang kreator atau sang pemuisi setelah bergumul dengan dunia, baik dunia luar maupun dunia dalam batinnya. Puisi sebagai karya kreatif mengembang berbagai nilai, yakni nilai religius, nilai etis, nilai estetis, dan nilai filosofis. Di antara empat jenis nilai yang disebutkan itu hanya nilai filosofis yang dibahas dalam tulisan ini. Nilai filosofis yang dimaksud tersebut adalah nilai filosofis yang bernuansa: kesadaran diri, keberanian, dan harga diri. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengungkap nilai-nilai yang dimaksud tersebut adalah metode hermeneutika Ricoeur. Sumber data dalam tulisan ini adalah antologi puisi Perahu Badik: Membaca Laut, karya Aspar Paturusi, sedangkan datanya adalah kata, baris, dan bait dari puisi-puisi yang terkait dengan bahasan di atas.
Prosiding ASBAM Ke-5. Telaah Nilai-Nilai dalam Sastra Klasik Sebagai Upaya Pemertahanan Budaya
Authors: Muliadi Muliadi
Published: June 2020

Sastra Klasik adalah sastra yang terlahir pada masa lampau, yang penciptanya tidak diketahui atau bersifat anonim karena dianggap milik bersama. Sastra klasik ini beredar dari mulut ke mulut (dari pencerita satu ke pencerita lainnya secara turun- temurun), tetapi saat ini sudah mulai dituliskan agar dapat terdokumentasikan untuk generasi berikutnya. Pendokumentasian dilakukan, baik secara lembaga maupun secara individu. Misalnya, Balai Bahasa di setiap provinsi telah mendokumentasikan dan mengkaji beberapa sastra klasik, seperti Balai Bahasa Makassar dan secara individu Kasma F. Amin telah merampungkan dua buku, yakni Sastra Klasik Bugis-Makassar dan Pappaseng Ugik. Hal di atas dilakukan karena dianggap bahwa satra klasik sebagai produk masa lalu dari anak bangsa, yang perlu dipertahankan karena mengandung nilai-nilai yang amat bermamfaat dalam kehidupan global ini. Misalnya, dalam bahasa Bugis dikenal istilah sipakatau sipakalebbi. Istilah ini mengandung nilai kemanusiaan yang amat dalam karena di dalamnya tersirat suatu usaha atau upaya mengangkat sisi kemanusiaan dengan cara menghormati antara sesama manusia tanpa melihat perbedaan latar belakang suku, budaya, sosial, dan atau pun agamanya. Konsep ini sejalan dengan kehidupan di era global, yaitu hubungan manusia dibangun dengan sangat plural. Maksudnya, hubungan pergaulan antara manusia satu dengan manusia lainnya yang saling berbeda, tetapi dapat hidup secara berdampingan dan harmonis.Nilai-nilai dalam sastra klasik sangat beragam, yakni dapat berupa nilai etis, estetis, filosofis, dan religius. Namun, dalam makalah ini, nilai-nilai yang akan ditelaah dibatasi pada aspek nilai etis. Nilai-nilai etis secara umum terbagi atas dua, yakni nilai etis pribadi dan nilai etis sosial. Sastra klasik sebagai sumber data dibatasi pula pada sastra klasik Bugis-Makassar sebagai produk lokal masyarakat Sulawesi Selatan. Dalam menelaah karya-karya sastra klasik digunakan pendekatan semiotik. Semiotik yang dimaksud adalah semiotika yang dikembangkan oleh Riffaterre.
The Psychology of American Racism
Authors: Roberts Steven , Rizzo Michael
Published: June 2020

American racism is alive and well. In this essay, we amass a large body of classic and contemporary research across multiple areas of psychology (e.g., cognitive, developmental, social), as well as the broader social sciences (e.g., sociology, communication studies, public policy), and humanities (e.g., critical race studies, history, philosophy), to outline seven factors that contribute to American racism: 1) Categories, which organize people into distinct groups by promoting essentialist and normative reasoning, 2) Factions, which trigger ingroup loyalty and intergroup competition and threat, 3) Segregation, which hardens racist perceptions, preferences, and beliefs through the denial of intergroup contact, 4) Hierarchy, which emboldens people to think, feel, and behave in racist ways, 5) Power, which legislates racism on both micro and macro levels, 6) Media, which legitimizes overrepresented and idealized representations of White Americans while marginalizing and minimizing people of color, and 7) Passivism, such that overlooking or denying the existence of racism obscures this reality, encouraging others to do the same and allowing racism to fester and persist. We argue that these and other factors support American racism, and conclude with suggestions for future research, particularly in the domain of identifying ways to promote anti-racism.
Unitarity holography and sufrace focusing
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: June 2020

Unitarity holography and sufrace focusing
COMPRESSIBILITY BEHAVIOUR OF COMPACTED SOILS – HYPERBOLIC MODELLING
Authors: Ratnam U. Venkata , Prasad K. Nagendra
Published: June 2020

Compacted soils constitute most engineering projects such as earth dams,embankments, pavements, and engineered slopes because of their high shear strengthand low compressibility. The compressibility behavior of compacted soils is a key soilparameter in the design of earth structures but it is not determined correctly owing topartly saturated state. The compressibility of compacted soils can be better evaluatedunder the framework of hyperbolic behavior. One dimensional Consolidation tests oncompacted specimens were conducted using conventional oedometer apparatus underconstant water content condition. Tests were conducted by compact the soil specimensat respective optimum moisture contents for eight different soil samples, of varyinggrain size characteristics and consistency limits, collected from Tirupati Region. Themain objective of this study is to examine the compressibility behavior of compactedsoils to propose a phenomenological model. It is observed that the compressibilitybehavior can be captured by hyperbolic modeling with model parameters involved inthe behavior being initial void ratio, e0, representing the initial state of soil and otherhyperbolic constants linked to this state. The data of 6 samples were used fordeveloping the model and the data of remaining two samples were used for predictingthe observed response from the model proposed. The data of published literature hasalso been used to predict the experimental behavior to bring out the merits of themodel proposed.
ACOUSTIC PANEL CHICKEN FEATHER WASTE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
Authors: Ansarullah  , Rahim Ramli , Hamzah Baharuddin , Kusno Asniawaty , Tayeb Muhammad
Published: June 2020

Chicken feathers are the result of waste from slaughterhouses and billions ofkilograms of waste produced by various kinds of poultry processing. This hal is a veryserious problem for the environment because it causes the impact of pollution. Hasmany utilization of chicken feather waste such as making komocen, accessories,upholstery materials, making brackets to the manufacture of animal feed but from theresults of this activity cannot reduce the production of chicken feathers that hiscontinuously increase every year. This is due to the fact that the selling price of chickenmeat has been reached by consumers with middle to upper economic levels. This caneasily be a chicken menu in almost all restaurants and restaurants to the food stalls onthe side of the road. An alternative way of utilizing chicken feathers is to makecomposite materials in the form of panels. Recent studies have shown that the pvacmaterial can be utilized as a mixing and adhesive material with mashed or groundfeathered composites to form a panel that can later be used as an acoustic material.The test results show that the absorption of chicken feathers and pvac glue into panelscan absorb sound well with an absorption coefficient of 0.59, light. This result is veryeconomical so it is worth to be recommended as an acoustic material. Apart from theresults of research methods carried out is one of the environmentally friendly activitiesin particular the handling of waste problems
Disorder-specific alterations of tactile sensitivity in neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: He Jason , Wodka Ericka , Tommerdahl Mark , Edden Richard , Mikkelsen Mark , Mostofsky Stewart H. , Puts Nicolaas
Published: June 2020

Alterations of tactile processing have long been identified in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the extent to which these alterations are disorder-specific, rather than disorder-general, and how they relate to the core symptoms of each disorder, remains unclear. We measured and compared tactile detection, discrimination and order judgment thresholds between a large sample of children with ASD, ADHD, ASD + ADHD combined and typically developing controls. The pattern of results suggested that while difficulties with tactile detection and order judgement were more common in children with ADHD, difficulties with tactile discrimination were more common in children with ASD. Strikingly, subsequent correlation analyses found that the disorder-specific alterations suggested by the group comparisons were also exclusively related to the core symptoms of each respective disorder. These results suggest that disorder-specific alterations of lower-level sensory processes exist and are specifically related to higher-level clinical symptoms of each disorder.
How many observations is one generic worth?
Authors: Tessler Michael Henry , Bridgers Sophie Elizabeth Colby , tenenbaum josh
Published: June 2020

Generic language (e.g., “Birds fly”) conveys generalizations about categories and is essential for learning beyond our direct experience. The meaning of generic language is notoriously hard to specify, however (e.g., penguins don’t fly). Tessler and Goodman (2019) proposed a model for generics that is mathematically equivalent to Bayesian belief-updating based on a single pedagogical example, suggesting a deep connection be- tween learning from experience and learning from language. Relatedly, Csibra and Shamsudheen (2015) argue that generics are inherently pedagogical, understood by infants as referring to a member of a kind. In two experiments with adults, we quantify the exchange-rate between generics and observations by relating their belief-updating capacity, varying both the number of observations and whether they are presented pedagogically or incidentally. We find generics convey stronger generalizations than single pedagogical observations (Expt. 1), even when the property is explicitly demarcated (Expt. 2). We suggest revisions to the vague quantifier model of generics that would allow it to accommodate this intriguing exchange-rate.
Selection of the Number of Participants in Intensive Longitudinal Studies: A User-friendly Shiny App and Tutorial to Perform Power Analysis in Multilevel Regression Models that Account for Temporal Dependencies
Authors: Lafit Ginette , Adolf Janne , Dejonckheere Egon , Myin-Germeys Inez , Viechtbauer Wolfgang , Ceulemans Eva
Published: June 2020

In recent years the popularity of procedures to collect intensive longitudinal data, such as the Experience Sampling Method, has immensely increased. The data collected using such designs allow researchers to study the dynamics of psychological functioning, and how these dynamics differ across individuals. To this end, the data are often modeled with multilevel regression models. An important question that arises when designing intensive longitudinal studies is how to determine the number of participants needed to test specific hypotheses regarding the parameters of these models with sufficient power. Power calculations for intensive longitudinal studies are challenging, because of the hierarchical data structure in which repeated observations are nested within the individuals and because of the serial dependence that is typically present in this data. We, therefore, present a user-friendly application and step-by-step tutorial to perform simulation-based power analyses for a set of models that are popular in intensive longitudinal research. Since many studies use the same sampling protocol (i.e., a fixed number of at least approximately equidistant observations) within individuals, we assume this protocol fixed and focus on the number of participants. All included models explicitly account for the temporal dependencies in the data by assuming serially correlated errors or including autoregressive effects.
Improving measurements of similarity judgments with machine-learning algorithms
Authors: Stevens Jeffrey R , Saltzman Alexis , Rasumussen Tanner , Soh Leen-Kiat
Published: June 2020

Intertemporal choices involve assessing options with different reward amounts available at different time delays. The similarity approach to intertemporal choice focuses on judging how similar amounts and delays are. Yet we do not fully understand the cognitive process of how these judgments are made. Here, we use machine-learning algorithms to predict similarity judgments to (1) investigate which algorithms best predict these judgments, (2) assess which predictors are most useful in predicting participants' judgments, and (3) determine the minimum number of judgments required to accurately predict future judgments. We applied eight algorithms to similarity judgments for reward amount and time delay made by participants in two data sets. We found that neural network, random forest, and support vector machine algorithms generated the highest out-of-sample accuracy. Though neural networks and support vector machines offer little clarity in terms of a possible process for making similarity judgments, random forest algorithms generate decision trees that can mimic the cognitive computations of human judgment-making. We also found that the numerical difference between amount values or delay values was the most important predictor of these judgments, replicating previous work. Finally, the best performing algorithms such as random forest can make highly accurate predictions of judgments with relatively small sample sizes (~15), which will help minimize the numbers of judgments required to extrapolate to new value pairs. In summary, machine-learning algorithms provide both theoretical improvements to our understanding of the cognitive computations involved in similarity judgments and intertemporal choices as well as practical improvements in designing better ways of collecting data.
Never Too Much—The Benefit of Talent to Team Performance in the National Basketball Association: Comment on Swaab, Schaerer, Anicich, Ronay, and Galinsky (2014)
Authors: Gula Bartosz , Vaci Nemanja , Alexandrowicz Rainer W. , Bilalić Merim
Published: June 2020

The Too-Much-Talent Effect (TMT, Swaab et al., 2014) challenges the common belief that teams’ performance is directly proportional to the talent of its members and aligns among various Too Much of a Good Thing (TMGT) phenomena. Although the assumption holds up to a point, the authors argue, beyond that point, talent becomes detrimental to performance. Support was provided by the results of quadratic regressions between team performance and talent across 10 NBA seasons, testing whether the coefficient of the quadratic term was negative. We reexamined the TMT effect for the same 10 NBA seasons and for a larger data set spanning 64 NBA seasons using the two-lines, interrupted regression approach (Simonsohn, 2018). Our results show that similar to lay beliefs (Swaab et al., 2014, Study 1) teams generally benefit from more talented members, the benefit appears to be marginally decreasing, but more talent is never detrimental to team performance.
Validation and psychometric properties of the Japanese version Fear of COVID-19 Scale among adolescents.
Authors: Masuyama Akihiro , Shinkawa Hiroki , kubo takahiro
Published: June 2020

In the context of the global outbreak of COVID-19, there is an urgent need to explore the effects of this pandemic on the mental health of adolescents. The present study aims to adapt and validate a Japanese-version Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) with a sample of adolescent students from Japan. To this end, the Japanese-version FCV-19S, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents (PHQ-A), and Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Scale (PVDS) were administered to a sample of Japanese adolescents in schools. The results of statistical analyses revealed that the Japanese-version FCV-19S has a bi-factor model consisting of the emotional response factor and the physiological response factor, with a high reliability (emotional: α = .71; physiological: α = .82). Constructive validity was shown by the significant positive correlation between the GAD-7 and emotional (r = .11) and physiological response (r = .25), between PHQ-A and physiological response (r = .19), as well as between both factors and the PVDS subscale (rs > .16). Taken together, these results indicate that the Japanese-version FCV-19S has a high internal consistency and a moderately good construct validity.
Let’s introduce order into Gestalt terminology: Method, concepts and techniques, and their development after 70 years of Gestalt psychotherapy
Authors: Paruzel-Czachura Mariola , Konieczniak Bartosz
Published: June 2020

Gestalt psychotherapy has been practiced by specialists from all over the world for 70 years. It is not new, yet it continues to be described with vastly varying terminology, which may result in ambiguities as well as reinforcing stereotypes about what exactly is Gestalt psychotherapy. Offering a review of selected theoretical issues, this paper proposes to organize the terminology. We focus on the technical side of psychotherapy – the article presents the phenomenological method, concepts, and main techniques used in this approach (psychodrama, body work, chair work, dream work), coming together in a full picture of what working in this approach entails. In addition, we discuss the transformation processes that Gestalt psychotherapy has gone through over the past 70 years. We emphasize that the use of techniques alone is not yet equivalent to conducting psychotherapy in the Gestalt approach, especially considering that the primary conditions necessary for such a therapy to occur are: contact with a holistically perceived client, an increased awareness (including body), and working in keeping with the principle of here and now. Analyzing the terminology used in relation to Gestalt psychotherapy leads us to the conclusion that the toolset of a gestaltist is grounded in the following factors: the phenomenological method, the concepts of Gestalt psychotherapy that are strongly associated with that method, and the techniques consistent with these concepts. We posit that using these categories (i.e., the method, concepts, and techniques) introduces much-needed order into the theoretical framework of Gestalt psychotherapy.
Teaching undergraduate students to read empirical articles: An evaluation and revision of the QALMRI method
Authors: Brosowsky Nicholaus , Parshina Olga , Locicero Anthony , Crump Matthew John Charles
Published: June 2020

Reading and comprehending empirical articles are important skills for students to develop, yet many students struggle to identify and connect the essential information from empirical articles. Here we describe and evaluate a scaffolded approach for teaching undergraduate students to read empirical articles called the QALMRI method. The QALMRI is a generalizable instructional tool for teaching students to identify the key conceptual information necessary for the comprehension and critical evaluation of empirical articles. We had students in a first-year introductory course and students ina third-year research methods course read empirical articles and complete QALMRI outlines throughout the semester. We found that students very quickly learned to use the QALMRI outline in both upper and lower course levels, with performance corresponding to traditional written summaries.However, we also found that students consistently performed poorly on some items, prompting an update and revision to the QALMRI method to address these limitations.
Does autism affect children’s identification of ownership and defence of ownership rights?
Authors: Hartley Calum , Harrison Nina , Shaw John J
Published: June 2020

This study investigated how autism spectrum disorder (ASD) impacts children’s ability to identify ownership from linguistic cues (proper nouns vs. possessive pronouns) and their awareness of ownership rights. In comparison to typically developing (TD) children matched on receptive language (M age equivalents: 53-56 months), children with ASD were less accurate at tracking owner-object relationships based on possessive pronouns and were less accurate at identifying the property of third parties. We also found that children with ASD were less likely to defend their own and others’ ownership rights. We hypothesise that these results may be attributed to differences in representing the self and propose that ASD may be characterised by reduced concern for ownership and associated concepts.
Feeling Positive About Reopening? New Normal Scenarios from COVID-19 Reopen Sentiment Analytics
Authors: Samuel Jim , Rahman Md. Mokhlesur , Ali G.G.M.N. , Samuel Y. , Pelaez A. , Chong P. H.J. , Yakubov M.
Published: June 2020

The Coronavirus pandemic has created complex challenges and adverse circumstances. This research identifies public sentiment amidst problematic socioeconomic consequences of the lockdown, and explores ensuing four potential sentiment associated scenarios. The severity and brutality of COVID-19 have led to the development of extreme feelings, and emotional and mental healthcare challenges. This research focuses on emotional consequences - the presence of extreme fear, confusion and volatile sentiments, mixed along with trust and anticipation. It is necessary to gauge dominant public sentiment trends for effective decisions and policies. This study analyzes public sentiment using Twitter Data, time-aligned to the COVID-19 reopening debate, to identify dominant sentiment trends associated with the push to 'reopen' the economy. Present research uses textual analytics methodologies to analyze public sentiment support for two potential divergent scenarios - an early opening and a delayed opening, and consequences of each. Present research concludes on the basis of exploratory textual analytics and textual data visualization, that Tweets data from American Twitter users shows more positive sentiment support, than negative, for reopening the US economy. This research develops a novel sentiment polarity based four scenarios framework, which will remain useful for future crisis analysis, well beyond COVID-19. With additional validation, this research stream could present valuable time sensitive opportunities for state governments, the federal government, corporations and societal leaders to guide local and regional communities, and the nation into a successful new normal future.
Brain, Body, Habit and the Performative Quality of Aesthetics. In I. Testa & F. Caurana (editors), Habits: Pragmatist Approaches from Cognitive Neuroscience to Social Science. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2021, in press.
Authors: Gallese Vittorio
Published: June 2020

If cognitive neuroscience is meant to investigate what makes us human, cultural artifacts and artistic expressions should be at the top of the list of its explananda. Cognitive neuroscience, in tight cooperation and dialogue with the humanities, can shed new light on several theoretical issues related to aesthetics, traditionally dealt with exclusively within the camp of the humanities. A succinct description ofembodied simulation theory in relation to aesthetic experience is proposed, and some accomplishments of this bottom-up approach to the experience of visual art and film are illustrated. The notion of ‘habit’ is introduced, it is connected to its potential underlying neural mechanisms, and to the production and reception of human cultural artifacts. Capitalizing upon Pragmatism, Pierre Bourdieu and practice theory, the relationship between body, habit, practice, rituals and its bearing on the creation of symbolic objects and cultural artifacts is analyzed from a neuro-pragmatist approach, which emphasizes the procedural and implicit forms of human cognition. The suggested gradual transition from tool-making to symbol-making,grants the following: 1) It shows that utilitarian and symbolic behavior are both chapters of the same cognitive technology trajectory; 2) It doesn’t require one to assume that symbol-making is the late externalization of a previously existing inner symbolic thought, because symbolic thought and symbolmaking are the co constructive outcome of the development of shared performative practices and habits; 3) It is fully compatible with the neurobiological characterization of human relational potentialities as instantiated by embodied simulation. It is proposed that through the repetition, combination and memorization of particular shared behaviors and actions, and their mimetic ritualization, the social group infuses new cultural meanings into reused bodily performances.