bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BALCONY GEOMETRIES PERFORMANCE AS WINDCARRIERS INTO LIVING SPACE ; CASE STUDY: APARNA SIWALANKERTO
Authors: Putri Felicia , Santoso Mintorogo Danny , Nurdi Kusuma Priatman Jimmy
Published: July 2022

In majority, housing flats use natural ventilation to cope with humid tropical climate in Indonesia, which requires airflow to achieve thermal comfort. One of the potential architectural element in delivering air into the living space of vertical buildings is balcony. But in reality, balconies in Indonesian housing flats are only functioning as façades, and have not optimized their potential as windcarriers, which partially cause air discomfort in living space. This study examines the performance of balcony geometries as windcarriers into living space through simulation by Ansys Workbench CFX 2021 on Aparna Siwalankerto as a case study. It was found that balcony with more well-ordered wind receiving planes could carry wind into the living space best, in terms of both speed and distribution, as such in this study was the symmetric pentagonal balcony. Still, between the two aspects, wind distribution determines balconies performance, rather than wind speed.
SOFTWARE APPLICATION FOR EMBODIED ENERGY BUILDING CALCULATION: A REVIEW
Authors: Primasetra Anjar , Larasati Dewi , Wonohardjo Surjamanto , Sudradjat Iwan
Published: July 2022

There are two types of building energy consumption, namely embodied energy and building operational energy. Studies on operational energy have been widely discussed, while studies on building embodied energy are still quite rare to be studied, especially in Indonesia. In fact, the calculation of embodied energy, especially on embodied energy material, is important in the design phase of the building because it can be used as the basis for various determinations of building energy values ​​and carbon emissions generated by buildings due to construction activities. By using the right tools in the embodied energy calculation, the building planner can determine the right embodied energy value so that it can support the building energy mitigation. This paper aims to explain the use of embodied energy building calculation software that have been developed with the aim of providing an overview and supporting research development of embodied energy building in Indonesia.
STUDY OF HORIZONTAL LIGHT PIPE WITH DYNAMIC REFLECTOR IN THE TROPICS
Authors: Hariyanto Livia , Elsiana Feny , Mintorogo Danny Santoso
Published: July 2022

Horizontal light pipe (HLP) is a sustainable strategy for improving daylighting quality in buildings. The reflector is one of the HLP elements that collect and direct the incoming light in the pipe. Several reflector studies of HLP systems have been carried out in the last three decades under specific sunlight conditions at certain altitudes and azimuths or static conditions. This study proposes a dynamic reflector model in response to the movement of the sun angle. This study aimed to examine the impact of the dynamic reflector tilt angle on improving the quality of light by adapting the sun angle. The method used is an experimental simulation using IESVE software. This research is located in Surabaya, with a tropics climate. The results showed that modifying the reflector to be dynamic could increase the illuminance levels up to 29.9%, daylight factor values ​​up to 29.2%, and uniformity ratio values ​​up to 33.3%.
Reforma tributária, imposto ambiental e a tutela dos animais
Authors: Pimenta Paulo Roberto Lyrio
Published: July 2022

Tramita atualmente no Congresso Nacional a Proposta de Emenda à Constituição, nº 45/2019, que objetiva realizar uma reforma profunda na tributação sobre o consumo. No bojo desta proposição legislativa, pretende-se, também, facultar a instituição pela União de impostos seletivos, de caráter extrafiscal, para evitar o consumo de bens e serviços que provoquem externalidades negativas. Essa novidade, caso venha a ser aprovada, possibilitará a instituição em nosso ordenamento, em caráter pioneiro, de impostos ambientais que busquem estimular a prática de comportamentos que reduzam ou eliminem a degradação ambiental. Esse tipo de tributo poderá possibilitar, ainda, a tutela da fauna, por via reflexa, a depender do tipo de imposto que vier a ser criado e, por conseguinte, da materialidade escolhida pelo legislador. O presente estudo busca examinar essas novidades, tentando delimitar o uso do tributo como instrumento de tutela da fauna. Por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica e do método dedutivo, buscar-se-á ao final apresentar sugestões para que essa importante proposta possa servir de significativo instrumento de proteção aos animais.
Growing Pains: The Need for Engineered Platforms to Study Growth Plate Biology
Authors: Tiffany Aleczandria S. , Harley Brendan A. C.
Published: July 2022

Growth plates, or physis, are highly specialized cartilage tissues responsible for longitudinal bone growth in children and adolescents. Chondrocytes that reside in growth plates are organized into three distinct zones essential for proper function. Modeling key features of growth plates may provide an avenue to develop advanced tissue engineering strategies and perspectives for cartilage and bone regenerative medicine applications and a platform to study processes linked to disease progression. In this review, a brief introduction of the growth plates and their role in skeletal development is first provided. Injuries and diseases of the growth plates as well as physiological and pathological mechanisms associated with remodeling and disease progression are discussed. Growth plate biology, namely, its architecture and extracellular matrix organization, resident cell types, and growth factor signaling are then focused. Next, opportunities and challenges for developing 3D biomaterial models to study aspects of growth plate biology and disease in vitro are discussed. Finally, opportunities for increasingly sophisticated in vitro biomaterial models of the growth plate to study spatiotemporal aspects of growth plate remodeling, to investigate multicellular signaling underlying growth plate biology, and to develop platforms that address key roadblocks to in vivo musculoskeletal tissue engineering applications are described.
Liquefied Microcapsules Compartmentalizing Macrophages and Umbilical Cord‐Derived Cells for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Nadine Sara , Fernandes Inês , Patrício Sónia G. , Correia Clara R. , Mano João F.
Published: July 2022

Extraordinary capabilities underlie the potential use of immune cells, particularly macrophages, in bone tissue engineering. Indeed, the depletion of macrophages during bone repair often culminates in disease scenarios. Inspired by the native dynamics between immune and skeletal systems, this work proposes a straightforward in vitro method to bioengineer biomimetic bone niches using biological waste. For that, liquefied and semipermeable reservoirs generated by electrohydrodynamic atomization and layer‐by‐layer techniques are developed to coculture umbilical cord‐derived human cells, namely monocyte‐derived macrophages, mesenchymal‐derived stromal cells (MSCs), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Poly(ε‐caprolactone) microparticles are also added to the liquefied core to act as cell carriers. The fabricated microcapsules grant the successful development of viable microtissues, ensuring the high diffusion of bioactive factors. Interestingly, macrophages within the bioengineered microcapsules increase the release of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, and vascular endothelial growth factor. The cytokines profile variation indicates macrophages' polarization into a prohealing phenotype. Altogether, the incorporation of macrophages within the fabricated microcapsules allows to recreate an appropriate bone microenvironment for developing new bone mineralized microtissues. The proposed bioencapsulation protocol is a powerful self‐regulated system, which might find great applicability in bone tissue engineering based on bottom‐up approaches or disease modeling.
High Macromolecular Crowding in Liposomes from Microfluidics
Authors: Guerzoni Luis P. B. , de Goes André V. C. , Kalacheva Milara , Haduła Jakub , Mork Matthias , De Laporte Laura , Boersma Arnold J.
Published: July 2022

The intracellular environment is crowded with macromolecules that influence biochemical equilibria and biomacromolecule diffusion. The incorporation of such crowding in synthetic cells would be needed to mimic the biochemistry of living cells. However, only a few methods provide crowded artificial cells, moreover providing cells with either heterogeneous size and composition or containing a significant oil fraction. Therefore, a method that generates monodisperse liposomes with minimal oil content and tunable macromolecular crowding using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)‐based microfluidics is presented. Lipid stabilized water‐in‐oil‐in‐water emulsions that are stable for at least several months and with a high macromolecular crowder concentration that can be controlled with the external osmolality are formed. A crucial feature is that the oil phase can be removed using high flow conditions at any point after production, providing the highly crowded liposomes. Genetically encoded macromolecular crowding sensors show that the high level of macromolecular crowding in the emulsions is fully retained throughout the generation of minimal‐oil lipid bilayers. This modular and robust platform will serve the study of biochemistry under physiologically relevant crowding conditions.
Modulation of dynamic aggregation in fluorogenic SNAP‐tag probes for long‐term super‐resolution imaging
Authors: Qiao Qinglong , Liu Wenjuan , Chi Weijie , Chen Jie , Zhou Wei , Xu Ning , Li Jin , Fang Xiangning , Tao Yi , Zhang Yinchan , Chen Yingzhu , Miao Lu , Liu Xiaogang , Xu Zhaochao
Published: July 2022

The combination of super‐resolution microscopy and synthetic fluorescence probes has emerged as a universal tool to monitor dynamic biological events at the nanometer scale. However, the limited site‐specificity and fluorogenicity of synthetic fluorescent probes make it still difficult to realize long‐term super‐resolution imaging. Herein, we introduce a dynamic aggregation mediated SNAP‐tag fluorogenic probe, BGAN‐Aze, which can specifically bind to various SNAP‐tag fusion proteins with 41‐fold fluorescence enhancement. The equilibrium between the non‐fluorescent aggregate/dimer (A–D) and the fluorescent monomer (M) of BGAN‐Aze acts as an effective method to reduce the fluorescence background and endow BGAN‐Aze with the capability of conducting washing‐free super‐resolution imaging of various intracellular and extracellular proteins. Using this probe, we monitored multiple dynamic biological events, such as MMC, mitophagy, the fusion of nucleolus, and the growth and contact of filopodia. We expect that BGAN‐Aze will become a widely used SNAP‐tag for super‐resolution imaging of dynamic biological events and the A–D–M equilibrium can be a general strategy for designing fluorogenic probes.
sp‐Carbon Incorporated Conductive Metal‐Organic Framework as Photocathode for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Lu Yang , Zhong Haixia , Li Jian , Dominic Anna Maria , Hu Yiming , Gao Zhen , Jiao Yalong , Wu Mingjian , Qi Haoyuan , Huang Chuanhui , Wayment Lacey J. , Kaiser Ute , Spiecker Erdmann , Weidinger Inez M. , Zhang Wei , Feng Xinliang , Dong Renhao
Published: July 2022

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted increasing interest for broad applications in catalysis and gas separation due to their high porosity. However, the insulating feature and the limited active sites hindered MOFs as photocathode active materials for application in photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen generation. Herein, we develop a layered conductive two‐dimensional conjugated MOF (2D c‐MOF) comprising sp‐carbon active sites based on arylene‐ethynylene macrocycle ligand via CuO4 linking, named as Cu3HHAE2. This sp‐carbon 2D c‐MOF displays apparent semiconducting behavior and broad light absorption till the near‐infrared band (1600 nm). Due to the abundant acetylene units, the Cu3HHAE2 could act as the first case of MOF photocathode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen generation and presents a record hydrogen‐evolution photocurrent density of ≈260 μA cm−2 at 0 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode among the structurally‐defined cocatalyst‐free organic photocathodes.
Effect of preparation method on alginate wafer properties
Authors: Man Ernest , Oluwasanmi Adeolu , Lamprou Dimitrios A. , Goudie Kirsty , Liggat John , Hoskins Clare
Published: July 2022

The utilization of alginate polymers for wound healing is well explored; however, little attention is paid toward the optimization of the manufacturing process, especially in regards to the final morphological and rheological properties that are imparted to the alginate matrix. This is important as it helps to establish a set of guidelines for the consistent fabrication of mechanically strong polymer wafers, which in the context of manufacturing and production contributes to the reduction in research and development time required. In this study, the order of application with respect to cross‐linking and freeze‐drying parameters has been investigated, which showed to result in distinct differences in terms of their overall morphology and mechanical strength. The application of freeze‐drying before cross‐linking results in the uniform distribution of cross‐links throughout the alginate wafer, thereby producing a mechanically strong polymer wafer that retains the dehydrated matrices original thickness and architecture. Based on the observed data, freeze‐drying prior to cross‐linking facilitates the increased permeation and distribution of the cross‐linker solution into the polymer matrix, thus resulting in the uniform distribution of ionic cross‐links, which is necessary to produce a more mechanically superior polymer matrix.
Decreased sympathetic cardiovascular influences and hormone‐physiological changes in response to Covid‐19‐related adaptations under different learning environments
Authors: Gellisch Morris , Wolf Oliver T. , Minkley Nina , Kirchner Wolfgang H. , Brüne Martin , Brand‐Saberi Beate
Published: July 2022

To examine the implications of the transition from face‐to‐face to online learning from a psychobiological perspective, this study investigated potential differences in physiological stress parameters of students engaged in online or face‐to‐face learning and determined whether these can be identified as possible mediators between learning experience and achievement emotions. In a randomized experimental field study, medical students (n = 82) attended either regular face‐to‐face classes of the microscopic anatomy course or the same practical course online using Zoom videoconferencing platform. The present study investigated Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and salivary cortisol concentration as stress correlates, within the contexts of online and face‐to‐face learning and compared these parameters with a control group that was measured at rest. Additionally, participants completed a standardized questionnaire about their experienced emotions in relation to task achievement and subjective stress levels. A significant reduction in HRV was found in face‐to‐face learning, suggesting stronger stress responses in the face‐to‐face learning environment (η2 = 0.421, P < 0.001). Furthermore, participants engaged in face‐to‐face learning showed significantly higher cortisol concentrations (η2 = 0.115, P = 0.032). Additionally, increased sympathetic activation correlated with the discrete positive emotion of enjoyment exclusively within the face‐to‐face condition (r = 0.365, P = 0.043). These results indicate that the transfer of a face‐to‐face practical course in microscopic anatomy to an online learning environment is associated with decreased sympathetic and enhanced vagal cardiovascular influences, together with lower cortisol concentrations in healthy medical students.
TSPAN8 alleviates high glucose‐induced apoptosis and autophagy via targeting mTORC2
Authors: Zhuang Langen , Jin Guoxi , Hu Xiaolei , Yang Qingqing , Pei Xiaoyan , Zhao Wendi
Published: July 2022

TSPAN8 mediates signal transduction from extracellular cues and regulates cell development, activation, growth, and motility. However, whether TSPAN8 is involved in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential functional roles of TSPAN8 in regulating autophagy and apoptosis of HK‐2 cells induced by high glucose (HG). RT‐PCR and western blot analysis (WB) were employed to detect TSPAN8 levels in the blood samples of DN patients as well as in HG‐induced HK‐2 cells. Cell proliferation of HK‐2 cells was examined by CCK‐8 assay, and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The functional role of TSPAN8 was evaluated by the transfection of TSPAN8 expression plasmid. Results showed that TSPAN8 level was significantly reduced in the blood samples of DN patients and HG‐induced HK‐2 cell lines. TSPAN8 overexpression rescued HG‐induced apoptosis in HK‐2 cells. TSPAN8 could form a complex with Rictor and mTORC2. TSPAN8 overexpression suppressed HG‐induced autophagy in HK‐2 cells, which was dependent on mTOR activity. In conclusion, the present study showed that TSPAN8 mitigates HG‐induced autophagy and apoptosis in HK‐2 cells, which may serve as candidate target for DN treatment.
Chemistry of wheat gluten proteins: Quantitative composition
Authors: Wieser Herbert , Koehler Peter , Scherf Katharina A.
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives

Wheat is essential to secure nutrition for the world's population. Its unique processing properties are largely determined by gluten protein content and composition.

Findings

Gluten proteins are subdivided into gluten protein types, α‐, γ‐, ω1,2‐, and ω5‐gliadins and high‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunits and low‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunits. The overall content and relative proportions of these types vary considerably depending on different genetic and environmental factors and mutual interactions.

Conclusion

This review summarizes the latest developments related to the chemistry of gluten and how species and variety, as well as soil type, weather conditions, atmospheric CO2 concentration, diseases, and fertilization with nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, and other minerals affect wheat gluten protein composition.

Significance and Novelty

Significant progress has been made to study the effect of different factors on gluten composition. However, comparisons between studies are almost impossible, because of the huge variability in experimental setups, environmental conditions and varieties studied. This calls for a need to develop common guidelines on how to set up experiments, on which parameters to investigate and on which procedure to use to improve comparability and reproducibility of the results.
Mechanochemical Pd‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Arylhalides and Organozinc Pivalates
Authors: Čarný Tomáš , Peňaška Tibor , Andrejčák Samuel , Šebesta Radovan
Published: July 2022

Cross‐coupling reactions are essential tools in target molecule synthesis. However, the use of highly reactive organometallic reagents limits their applicability. Here, we present a mechanochemical Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction between aryl halides and organozinc pivalates that can be carried out under ambient temperature and atmosphere. This operationally simple procedure affords a wide range of biaryl and aryl‐heteroaryl derivatives in high yields and short times. The reaction tolerates various functional groups and can be realized on a synthetically useful scale. Its practical value was demonstrated in the short synthesis of the pharmaceutical diflunisal.
Cardiac rehabilitation performance predicts 1‐year major adverse cardiovascular events
Authors: Naami Robert , Naami Edmund , Omari Tamer , Lowi Sophia Gordon , Natanzon Sharon Shalom , Patel Vivek , Lerner Addee , Rozner Ehud , Turgeman Yoav , Koren Ofir
Published: July 2022

Background

Cardiac Rehabilitation is an essential following major adverse cardiovascular events however there is no current data correlating rehab performance to long term outcomes.

Hypothesis

Patient exercise performance during cardiac rehabilitation reliably predicts future cardiovascular events.

Methods

We conducted a single‐center study of 486 consecutive patients who participated in a CR program between January 2018 and August 2021. We assessed patient performance using a novel index, the CR‐score, which integrated duration, speed of work, and workload conducted on each training device (TD). We used a binary recursive partition model to determine the optimal thresholds for cumulative CR score. We used Cox regression analysis to assess the mortality rate among patients who developed MACE (“study group”) and those who did not ("control group”).

Results

Among 486 eligible patients, 1‐year MACE occurred in 27 (5.5%) patients and was more common in patients with prior cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack (14.8% vs. 3.5%, p < .001). Age, gender, comorbidities, heart failure, and medical treatment did not significantly affect the outcome. The median cumulative CR score of the study group was significantly lower than the control group (595 ± 185.6 vs. 3500 ± 1104.7, p < .0001). A cumulative CR‐score of ≥1132 correlated with the outcome (98.5% sensitivity, 99.6% specificity, 95% CI: 0.985−0.997, area 0.994, p < .0001). Patients older than 55 with a cumulative CR score of <1132 were at particularly high risk (OR: 7.4, 95% CI: 2.84−18.42) for 1‐year MACE (log‐rank p = .03).

Conclusion

Our proposed CR‐score accurately identifies patients at high risk for 1‐year MACE following the rehabilitation program. Multicenter validation is required.
Gray wolf‐student psychology optimization‐based deep long short term memory for survival prediction using cancer gene‐expression data
Authors: Prabhakar Telagarapu , Vairamuthu Subbiah , Rani Balasubramaniam Selva , Maram Balajee
Published: July 2022

Oncology treatment accuracy relies on providing information from a variety of sources to have a accurate assessment of a patient's health status and prediction. With the advancement in medical field, accurate prediction allows prescription of more effective treatments and customized medical services to individual patient's. Next generation sequencing has put pressure on cancer researchers in recent years by giving doctors access to vast amounts of data from RNA‐seq high‐throughput fields. Effectual survival prediction can save patient's life from threatening at earlier stage. In addition, traditional techniques of gene expression datasets failed to trade off balance among huge genes and low number of samples available, thereby resulting low level of survival prediction rate. Therefore, this research proposes an efficient model for survival prediction of cancer patients using proposed gray wolf‐student psychology optimization‐based deep long short term memory (GW‐SPO based deep LSTM). The proposed GW‐SPO is derived by incorporating gray wolf optimization (GWO) and student psychology based optimization (SPBO). However, survival prediction is performed effectively using deep LSTM and network classifier is trained using proposed GW‐SPO. Nevertheless, proposed GW‐SPO has achieved superior results with minimum RMSE of 0.325, and minimum prediction error of 0.110 for analysis with cluster size of 5.
Model‐Based Approach to Selecting Pegfilgrastim Dose for Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Similarity Studies in Biosimilar Development
Authors: Li Fang , Sun Qin , Du Shengnan , Florian Jeffry , Wang Yaning , Huang Shiew Mei , Zineh Issam , Wang Yow‐Ming C.
Published: July 2022

This study applied modeling and simulation (M&S) approaches to evaluate the sensitivity of pegfilgrastim pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs) to changes in dose amount, and linear or nonlinear clearance (CL) over pegfilgrastim subcutaneous dose of 2–6 mg. A previously published model was adapted to better describe pegfilgrastim PK and PD data in healthy subjects and used in simulation. Nonlinear CL accounts for 98% and 77%, respectively, of the total CL of pegfilgrastim at 2 and 6 mg. The sensitivity analyses showed: (i) PK of 2 and 6 mg doses are similarly sensitive to detect differences for a 5% change in dose; (ii) PK of 2 mg dose is more sensitive to changes in receptor binding affinity, a model parameter for nonlinear CL, and a product quality attribute characterized with orthogonal methods as part of demonstrating analytical similarity between products; (iii) PK of approved 6 mg dose is more sensitive to changes in linear CL, which has not been associated with any specific product quality attributes, and (iv) the PDs are not sensitive to changes in linear or nonlinear CL. Taken together, our analyses support that the approved pegfilgrastim dose of 6 mg is appropriate for detecting differences between a biosimilar and the reference products in pegfilgrastim PK and PD similarity studies. The described M&S approaches can be adopted to support dose selection for biosimilars with nonlinear PK and complex PK–PD interplay.
Factors Affecting the Electrochemical Behaviors of Graphene‐Like Graphite as a Positive Electrode of a Dual‐Ion Battery
Authors: Matsuo Yoshiaki , Sekito Kazuhiro , Ashida Yusuke , Inamoto Junichi , Tamura Noriyuki
Published: July 2022

Charge–discharge behaviors of various graphene‐like graphite (GLG) samples have been investigated, and factors affecting them were discussed. By changing the oxidation method of graphite to obtain the precursor material of graphite oxide and heat treatment temperature of it, GLG samples with various structural parameters were successfully prepared. The onset potential of intercalation changed mainly depending on the interlayer spacing and decreased with its increase. The oxygen content was also important especially for GLG with smaller interlayer spacings. The influence of oxygen became apparent when the intercalation of bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide ions was performed. The onset potential considerably decreased for GLG with larger oxygen contents. The capacity of GLG increased with the increase in oxygen content to reach a maximum value of 149 mAh g−1 and then slightly decreased.
Bioactive adrenomedullin for assessment of venous congestion in heart failure
Authors: Egerstedt Anna , Czuba Tomasz , Bronton Kevin , Lejonberg Carl , Ruge Thoralph , Wessman Torgny , Rådegran Göran , Schulte Janin , Hartmann Oliver , Melander Olle , Smith J. Gustav
Published: July 2022

Aims

Bioactive adrenomedullin (bio‐ADM) is a vascular‐derived peptide hormone that has emerged as a promising biomarker for assessment of congestion in decompensated heart failure (HF). We aimed to evaluate diagnostic and prognostic performance of bio‐ADM for HF in comparison to amino‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), with decision thresholds derived from invasive haemodynamic and population‐based studies.

Methods and results

Normal reference ranges for bio‐ADM were derived from a community‐based cohort (n = 5060). Correlations with haemodynamic data were explored in a cohort of HF patients undergoing right heart catheterization (n = 346). Mortality and decision cutoffs for bio‐ADM was explored in a cohort of patients presenting in the ER with acute dyspnoea (n = 1534), including patients with decompensated HF (n = 570). The normal reference range was 8–39 pg/mL. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for discrimination of elevated mean right atrial pressure (mRAP) and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) was 0.74 (95% CI = 0.67–0.79) and 0.70 (95% CI = 0.64–0.75), respectively, with optimal bio‐ADM decision cutoff of 39 pg/mL, concordant with cubic spline analyses. NT‐proBNP discriminated PAWP slightly better than mRAP (AUROC 0.73 [95% CI = 0.68–0.79] and 0.68 [95% CI = 0.61–0.75]). Bio‐ADM correlated with (mRAP, r = 0.55) while NT‐proBNP correlated with PAWP. Finally, a bio‐ADM decision cutoff of 39 pg/mL associated with 30 and 90 day mortality and conferred a two‐fold increased odds of HF diagnosis, independently from NT‐proBNP.

Conclusions

Bio‐ADM tracks with mRAP and associates with measures of systemic congestion and with mortality in decompensated HF independently from NT‐proBNP. Our findings support utility of bio‐ADM as a biomarker of systemic venous congestion in HF and nominate a decision threshold.
HPV type‐specific trends in cervical precancers in the United States, 2008 to 2016
Authors: Gargano Julia W. , McClung Nancy , Lewis Rayleen M. , Park Ina U. , Whitney Erin , Castilho Jessica L. , Pemmaraju Manideepthi , Niccolai Linda M. , Brackney Monica , DeBess Emilio , Ehlers Sara , Bennett Nancy M. , Scahill Mary , Cleveland Angela A. , Querec Troy D. , Unger Elizabeth R. , Markowitz Lauri E. ,   HPV‐IMPACT Working Group
Published: July 2022

Declines in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 to 3 and adenocarcinoma in situ (CIN2+) observed among young women suggest impact from human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. To further evaluate vaccine impact including cross‐protection and type replacement, we described high‐risk (HR)‐HPV type‐specific cervical precancer incidence rates among women aged 20 to 39 years, 2008 to 2016. We analyzed cross‐sectional population‐based data on 18 344 cases of CIN2+ from a 5‐site surveillance system. Diagnostic specimens were tested for individual HPV types, including 14 HR‐HPV types (HPV16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/66/68). We estimated age‐specific annual HR‐HPV type‐specific CIN2+ incidence per 100 000 screened women for individual types, vaccine HR‐HPV types (HPV16/18) and nonvaccine HR‐HPV types (non‐HPV16/18). We evaluated trends using average annual percent changes (AAPC) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), and estimated total declines by comparing 2015‐2016 to 2008‐2009 using incidence rate ratios. Among 20‐24‐year‐olds, HPV16/18‐CIN2+ declined from 2008 through 2016 (AAPC: −21.3%, 95% CI: −28.1%, −13.8%), whereas no trend was observed for non‐HPV16/18‐CIN2+ (AAPC: −1.8%, 95% CI: −8.1%, 4.9%). After 2010, CIN2+ among 20‐24‐year‐olds was more often caused by nonvaccine vs vaccine HR‐HPV types. No significant declining trends were observed in older age groups. In 2015‐2016 compared with 2008‐2009, HPV16‐CIN2+ declined 78%, HPV18‐CIN2+ 72% and HPV31‐CIN2+ 51% among 20‐24‐year‐olds; no increases were observed in type‐specific CIN2+ incidence. Among 25‐29‐year‐olds, HPV16‐CIN2+ declined 18%; CIN2+ attributed to seven nonvaccine types increased significantly. No significant declines were observed in older groups. Significant declines in HPV16/18‐CIN2+ in 20‐24‐year‐olds and HPV16‐CIN2+ in 25‐29‐year‐olds corroborate impact of HPV vaccination. A declining trend in HPV31‐CIN2+ is consistent with cross‐protection from vaccination.
Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor has a sex‐dependent positive effect in the maternal immune activation‐induced autism model
Authors: Durankuş Ferit , Albayrak Yakup , Erdoğan Fırat , Albayrak Neslihan , Erdoğan Mümin Alper , Erbaş Oytun
Published: July 2022

Objective

The medical intervention for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is restricted to ameliorating comorbid situations. Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) is a growth factor that enhances the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of hematopoietic progenitor cells. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of G‐CSF in a maternal immune activation‐induced autism model.

Methods

Sixteen female and six male Wistar adult rats were included in the study. After 21 days, 48 littermates (eight male controls, eight female controls, 16 male lipopolysaccharide [LPS]‐exposed rats, and 16 female LPS‐exposed rats) were divided into groups. Sixteen male LPS‐exposed and 16 female LPS‐exposed rats were divided into saline and G‐CSF treatment groups.

Results

In male rats, the LPS‐exposed group was found to have significantly higher levels of TNF‐α, IL‐2, and IL‐17 than the LPS‐exposed G‐CSF group. Levels of nerve growth factor, brain PSD‐95, and brain GAD67 were higher in the LPS‐exposed G‐CSF group than in the LPS‐exposed group in male rats. In female rats, brain NGF levels were similar between groups. There was no difference between groups in terms of brain GAD 67 levels. Brain PSD‐95 levels were higher in the control group than in both the LPS‐exposed and LPS‐exposed G‐CSF groups in female rats. Both neuronal CA1 and neuronal CA2 levels were lower, and the GFAP immunostaining index (CA1) and GFAP immunostaining index (CA3) were higher in the LPS‐exposed group than in the LPS‐exposed G‐CSF group in male rats. However, neuronal count CA1 and neuronal count CA3 values were found to be similar between groups in female rats.

Conclusions

The present research is the first to demonstrate the beneficial effects of G‐CSF on core symptoms of ASD experimentally depending on male sex. G‐CSF can be a good candidate for ameliorating the core symptoms of ASD without serious side effects in males.
Erosion mechanism of austenitic steel and martensitic steel in aluminum alloy melt
Authors: Bai Zhixiong , Su Ning , Yang Hang , Wu Xiaochun
Published: July 2022

Due to the washout of aluminum alloy melt, the erosion failure of steel is a complex problem in die casting. To explain the erosion mechanism in flowing aluminum alloy melt, 6Mn14Cr3Mo2Si1V2 steel, and 4Cr5Mo2V steel were stirred at 700°C in ADC12 melt. The erosion characteristics were studied via the scanning electron microscope. At the test time increased from 600 to 1800 s, the weight loss rate of 6Mn14Cr3Mo2Si1V2 steel increased from 5.0% to 14.1%, and the weight loss rate of 4Cr5Mo2V steel increased from 5.4% to 12.8%. If the corrosion time reaches more than 1200 s, 6Mn14Cr3Mo2Si1V2 steel has lower erosion resistance because intergranular corrosion causes the matrix to peel off. Besides, the lump‐like Vanadium carbides with a low erosion rate act as obstacles to prevent the invasion of aluminum alloy melt. The reaction product of steel and aluminum alloy melt is identified as Fe2Al8Si. Fe2Al8Si is easier to form in 4Cr5Mo2V steel than in 6Mn14Cr3Mo2Si1V2 steel. The growth activation energy of Fe2Al8Si in 6Mn14Cr3Mo2Si1V2 steel and 4Cr5Mo2V steel is 89.2 and 71.3 kJ/mol, respectively.
The normal force evolution of the substrate during the withdrawal process
Authors: Zhang Heng‐Kuan , Yin Ya‐Ran , Pan Xu‐Qi , Zhang Xian‐Ming , Chen Wen‐Xing , Hu Guo‐Hua
Published: July 2022

The evolution of normal force on the smooth plate immersed in Newtonian and yield stress fluids was investigated during the dip coating. The influences of withdrawal velocity, liquid rheological property, and plate roughness were elaborated. For all fluids, the variation of force versus the withdrawing height was divided into four stages. Importantly, the control forces for coating in each stage were determined, which are in turn viscous force‐capillary, viscous force‐gravity, capillary‐viscous force, and gravity. The critical value of normal force controlled from capillary to viscous effect during drainage was adopted to calculate the surface tension. The possibility of measuring the surface tension was verified under the negligible interference of viscous effect and film instability through a detailed analysis on the evolution of force in a series of tests. Accordingly, the applicable conditions with the low withdrawal speed, high viscosity, and rough surface were finally achieved. This work can provide a theoretical basis for the film‐formation mechanism and surface tension measurement in dip coating.
The effect of substance P and its common in vivo‐formed metabolites on MRGPRX2 and human mast cell activation
Authors: Hsin Lin , Fernandopulle Nithya A. , Ding Jie , Lumb Chris , Veldhuis Nicholas , Karas John A. , Northfield Susan E. , Mackay Graham A.
Published: July 2022

The tachykinin neuropeptide substance P (SP) is the canonical agonist peptide for the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R). More recently, it has also been shown to activate the Mas‐related G protein‐coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) receptor on mast cells (MCs), triggering degranulation and release of inflammatory mediators. SP undergoes rapid C‐terminal truncation in vivo by a number of proteases to generate the metabolites SP(1–9)‐COOH and in particular SP(1–7)‐COOH. While the C terminus of SP is critical for NK1R activation, studies have shown that the peptide polycationic N terminus is key for MRGPRX2 and mast cell activation. The study thus aimed to determine if the C‐terminally truncated metabolites of SP, SP(1–9)‐COOH, and SP(1–7)‐COOH retained stimulatory activity at MRGPRX2. SP, SP(1–9)‐COOH, and SP(1–7)‐COOH were synthesized and tested on HEK293 cells expressing NK1R or MRGPRX2, and LAD2 human mast cells, to determine the activity of SP and its metabolites in Ca2+ mobilization, degranulation, and cytokine assays. As expected from prior studies, both C‐terminally truncated SP metabolites had essentially no activity at NK1R, even at very high concentrations. In contrast, the in vivo metabolite of SP, SP(1–9)‐COOH retained ability to activate MRGPRX2 across all parameters tested, albeit with reduced potency compared to intact SP. SP(1–7)‐COOH did not produce any significant MRGRPX2 activation. Our results suggest that the SP metabolite, SP(1–9)‐COOH, may play a regulatory role through the activation of MRGPRX2. However, given the relatively low potency of both SP and SP(1–9)‐COOH at MRGPRX2, additional work is needed to better understand the biological importance of this expanded SP/MRGPRX2 pathway.
The full‐dimensional potential energy surface of He2H− using fundamental invariant neural network method
Authors: Bai Yuyao , Fu Yan‐Lin , Wang Gao‐Ren , Fu Bina , Han Yong‐Chang
Published: July 2022

So far, numerous researches on the He2H− system have still been restricted to several analytical forms of the potential energy interaction, where the calculations in the three‐body interaction may be not precise. With that in mind, we have provided an accurate, global, full‐dimensional potential energy surface (PES) for the ground state of the He2H− system by the fundamental invariant neural network (FI‐NN) fitting based on roughly 45 000 ab initio data points. The energy points are calculated with the coupled‐cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples (CCSD[T]) method using the augmented Dunning‐type correlation‐consistent (aug‐cc‐pVTZ, aug‐cc‐pVQZ and aug‐cc‐pV5Z) basis sets, respectively. Based on adoption and comparison of three different extrapolation formulas, we obtained even accurate data points, which are extrapolated to the complete basis set (CBS) limit. The overall root mean square error of the fitting PES is only about 6.314 × 10−3 cm−1. It can be expected that this accurate PES would provide insights to further interesting discoveries in dynamics or spectroscopies for the relevant molecular systems.
Getting to practical: Complementarity between critical systems thinking and phronetic social science
Authors: Nicholas Graeme
Published: July 2022

Frustration among systems thinking practitioners and academics surfaces from time to time at the apparently limited real‐world influence of systems methodologies and frameworks. Critical systems thinking (CST), in particular, faces many of the challenges common to qualitative research and has the additional challenge that its principal modality is to offer ways of conceptualising. This paper argues that recent explorations of phronetic social science (PSS) provide a useful conceptual frame to discuss and enhance the value of CST. We outline some characteristics of phronetic models and how to conceive and evaluate systemically informed phronetic models. By way of illustration, the paper describes the phronetic framing of two practical tools to support collaborative practice, each built on existing systemic models. Finally, we discuss the potential value of informing PSS with insights drawn from CST, and CST with insights drawn from the emerging field of PSS.
A Bayesian random regression method using mixture priors for genome‐enabled analysis of time‐series high‐throughput phenotyping data
Authors: Qu Jiayi , Morota Gota , Cheng Hao
Published: July 2022

The recent advancement in image‐based phenotyping platforms enables the acquisition of large‐scale nondestructive crop phenotypes measured at frequent intervals. To further understand the underlying genetic basis over a physiological process and improve plant breeding programs, the question of how to efficiently utilize these time‐series measurements in genome‐enabled analysis including genomic prediction and genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) should be considered. In this paper, a Bayesian random regression model with mixture priors is developed to introduce more meaningful biological assumptions to the analysis of longitudinal traits. The mixture prior for marker effects in Bayes Cπ is implemented in our developed model (RR‐BayesC) for demonstration purpose. The estimation of single‐nucleotide polymorphism–specific effects that are related to the dynamic performance of crops and the accuracy of genomic prediction by RR‐BayesC were studied through both simulated and real rice (Oryza sativa L.) data. For genomic prediction, three predictive scenarios were studied. In the simulated study, RR‐BayesC showed a significantly higher prediction accuracy than that obtained by single‐trait analysis, especially for days when heritability were low. In real data analysis, RR‐BayesC showed relatively high prediction accuracy when forecast is required for phenotypes at later period (e.g., from 0.94 to 0.98 for lines with observations at an earlier period and from 0.65 to 0.67 for lines without any observations). For GWASs, inference of single markers and inference of genomic windows were conducted. In the simulated study, RR‐BayesC showed its promising ability to distinguish quantitative trait loci (QTL) that are invariant to temporal covariates and QTL that interact with time. An association study of real data was also presented to demonstrate the application of RR‐BayesC in real data analysis. In this paper, we develop a Bayesian random regression model that is able to incorporate mixture priors to marker effects and show improved performance of genomic prediction and GWASs for longitudinal data analysis based on both simulated and real data. The software tool JWAS offers routines to perform our proposed random regression analysis.
A Generalization of a Question Asked by B. H. Neumann
Authors: Lucchini Andrea
Published: July 2022

Let $$w \in F_2$$

w
∈

F
2

be a word and let m and n be two positive integers. We say that a finite group G has the $$w_{m,n}$$

w

m
,
n

-property if however a set M of m elements and a set N of n elements of the group is chosen, there exist at least one element $$x \in M$$

x
∈
M

and at least one element $$y \in N$$

y
∈
N

such that $$w(x,y)=1.$$

w
(
x
,
y
)
=
1
.

Assume that there exists a constant $$\gamma < 1$$

γ
<
1

such that whenever w is not the identity in a finite group X, then the probability that $$w(x_1,x_2)=1$$

w
(

x
1

,

x
2

)
=
1

in X is at most $$\gamma .$$

γ
.

If $$m\le n$$

m
≤
n

and G satisfies the $$w_{m,n}$$

w

m
,
n

-property, then either w is the identity in G or |G| is bounded in terms of $$\gamma , m$$

γ
,
m

and n. We apply this result to the 2-Engel word.
Obstruktives Defäkationssyndrom
Authors: Dawoud Christopher , Argeny Stanislaus , Harpain Felix , Riss Stefan
Published: July 2022

Das obstruktive Defäkationssyndrom (ODS) ist eine Form der Verstopfung, die mit einer Stuhlentleerungsstörung verbunden ist. Das Krankheitsbild ist noch nicht vollständig verstanden, dementsprechend ist die Evidenz zur Pathogenese und Therapie limitiert. Prinzipiell werden funktionelle Ursachen, wie der Anismus oder das Puborektalissyndrom, von anatomischen Ursachen unterschieden. Häufige mechanische Hindernisse sind die Rektozele oder eine Intussuszeption, die zu einer erschwerten Defäkation führen können. Zur Auswahl der passenden Therapie ist entscheidend, die kausale Ursache festzustellen. Konservative Behandlungsversuche sollten primär angewendet werden und umfassen unter anderem das Beckenbodentraining, die Biofeedbacktherapie, den Einsatz von Laxanzien oder die anale Irrigation. Es gibt eine große Zahl chirurgischer Therapieoptionen mit unterschiedlichen Vor- und Nachteilen. Gute Fachkenntnis und Erfahrung sind entscheidend, um die geeignete Therapie für den Betroffenen auszuwählen.
Registry-based randomised clinical trials: a remedy for evidence-based diabetes care?
Authors: Eriksson Jan W. , Eliasson Björn , Bennet Louise , Sundström Johan
Published: July 2022

This narrative review describes a new approach to navigation in a challenging landscape of clinical drug development in diabetes. Successful outcome studies in recent years have led to new indications and guidelines in type 2 diabetes, yet the number of clinical trials in diabetes is now declining. This is due to many environmental factors acting in concert, including the prioritisation of funding for other diseases, high costs of large randomised clinical trials, increase in regulatory requirements and limited entry of novel candidate drugs. There is a need for novel and cost-effective paradigms of clinical development to meet these and other challenges. The concept of registry-based randomised clinical trials (RRCTs) is an attractive option. In this review we focus on type 2 diabetes and the prevention of cardiovascular and microvascular comorbidities and mortality, using the Swedish SMARTEST trial as an example of an RRCT. We also give some examples from other disease areas. The RRCT concept is a novel, cost-effective and scientifically sound approach for conducting large-scale diabetes trials in a real-world setting.

Graphical abstract
Embodiment in der therapeutischen Kommunikation
Authors: Tschacher Wolfgang , Meier Deborah
Published: July 2022

Hintergrund

In Psychologie, Sozial- und Geisteswissenschaften ist ein Trend hin zur Anerkennung der Rolle des Körpers bei kognitiven Prozessen (Embodiment) zu beobachten.

Fragestellung

Implikationen des Embodiment-Ansatzes werden dargestellt sowie auf soziale und therapeutische Interaktion erweitert. Welche Folgerungen müssen für ein Verständnis psychotherapeutischer Wirkfaktoren gezogen werden?

Material und Methoden

Vor dem Hintergrund von Embodiment wurde eine theoretische Analyse zum zentralen allgemeinen Wirkfaktor der Psychotherapie – der therapeutischen Allianz – durchgeführt und eine Literaturübersicht erstellt.

Ergebnisse

Die therapeutische Allianz kann als eine Form von Koordination und Synchronie operationalisiert werden. Die gegenwärtige Psychotherapieprozessforschung hat bereits vielfältige Belege für das signifikante Auftreten von Synchronie in der Klient-Therapeut-Beziehung erbracht. Gefunden wurde auch, dass Synchronie mit Einschätzungen der Beziehungsqualität und dem Therapieerfolg assoziiert ist. Solche nonverbale Synchronie zeigt sich in Variablen der „körpersprachlichen“ Motorik, der sympathischen und parasympathischen physiologischen Aktivierung sowie zunehmend auch der zentralnervösen Prozesse durch „Hyperscanning“. Die verschiedenen Ebenen und Zeitskalen solcher Synchronie werden im InSync-Modell zusammengefasst.

Schlussfolgerung

Die für die Synchronie notwendigen Datenerhebungen und Berechnungen sind durch neue Technologien und methodologische Entwicklungen möglich geworden und können auch in naturalistischen Studien eingesetzt werden. Limitationen bestehen durch die Vielfalt der Algorithmen und Fragen der Validität. Die Erweiterung der Methodologie auf multivariate Zeitreihen wird vorgeschlagen.