bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Xiaoyukang Jiaonang Promotes the Degradation of Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor 1α and Antiangiogenesis and Anti‐Inflammation in Chronic Subdural Hematoma Rat Model
Authors: Liu Jialin , Dong Xiaoke , Li Zhonghao , Wang Gesheng , Zhou Yujia , Liu Chongchong , Wang Kaiyue , Li Lili , Liu Jinmin
Published: April 2020

Xiaoyukang Jiaonang (XYK) is a Chinese patent medicine approved by the National Medical Product Administration which is used to treat intracranial hematoma in China. In this study, we observed the molecular mechanism of XYK in hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α), inflammation and angiogenesis of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). The CSDH model was made by using internal iliac vein blood of Wister rats, and rats were divided into sham group, CSDH group and XYK group. The rats in the XYK group were gavaged with Xiaoyukang Jiaonang (185 mg/kg) for 7 days, and rats in the CSDH group and sham group were gavaged with the same amount of physiological saline for 7 days. In the CSHD rat model, active inflammation and angiogenesis were observed around the hematoma. XYK promoted the ubiquitination and degradation of HIF‐1α, and reduced the concentration of VEGF and the ratio of angiopoietin‐1/angiopoietin‐2. XYK reduced proinflammatory cytokines and increased anti‐inflammatory cytokine. In tissue section, XYK reduced the size of the hematoma and membrane, and reduced vWF positive cells in membrane. Furthermore, the endothelial progenitor cells in blood decreased as well. Overall, XYK shows anti‐inflammatory and antiangiogenesis effects which may relate to the degradation of HIF‐1α.
Factors Associated with Postpartum Depressive Symptoms in Community of Central Nepal
Authors: Dawadi Pratima , Bhatta Aarati Sharma , Shakya Jayalaxmi
Published: April 2020

Background. Pregnancy and postpartum are considered as high risk periods for the emergence of psychiatric disorder. Although postpartum depressive symptoms have been associated with tragic outcome, such as maternal suicide and infanticide, it is a neglected area of mental health care in developing countries. This study was conducted to find the prevalence and factors associated with postpartum depressive symptoms. Method. A community-based cross-sectional research design was carried out after selecting the three wards of Bharatpur submetropolitan by nonprobability purposive sampling method. A total of 160 mothers in their 1 month to 12 months of postpartum period were interviewed through semistructured interview schedule and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Collected data were entered in Epi, data 3.1, and was exported into IBM SPSS 20 version. Results. The prevalence of depressive symptoms among postpartum mothers was 27.5%. The multivariate analysis identified two factors significantly associated with postpartum depression including respondents who had education level of ≤10 class (odds ratio AOR=3.25, P=0.03, confidence interval CI=1.10−9.58), chronic disease in their family (odds ratio AOR=3.25, P=0.01, confidence interval CI=1.19−8.16). Conclusion. More than one out of four mothers is suffering from depressive symptoms. The major factors associated with postpartum depressive symptoms are education of respondents and chronic disease in the family. Screening and timely management of depressive symptoms should be incorporated in routine maternal care so as to enhance maternal and child health. Likewise, concerned authority should plan and organize awareness-raising programs and provide attractive package to attract the female population for higher education.
Deep Learning–Derived High-Level Neuroimaging Features Predict Clinical Outcomes for Large Vessel Occlusion
Authors: Nishi Hidehisa , Oishi Naoya , Ishii Akira , Ono Isao , Ogura Takenori , Sunohara Tadashi , Chihara Hideo , Fukumitsu Ryu , Okawa Masakazu , Yamana Norikazu , Imamura Hirotoshi , Sadamasa Nobutake , Hatano Taketo , Nakahara Ichiro , Sakai Nobuyuki , Miyamoto Susumu
Published: April 2020

Background and Purpose—

For patients with large vessel occlusion, neuroimaging biomarkers that evaluate the changes in brain tissue are important for determining the indications for mechanical thrombectomy. In this study, we applied deep learning to derive imaging features from pretreatment diffusion-weighted image data and evaluated the ability of these features in predicting clinical outcomes for patients with large vessel occlusion.

Methods—

This multicenter retrospective study included patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion treated with mechanical thrombectomy between 2013 and 2018. We designed a 2-output deep learning model based on convolutional neural networks (the convolutional neural network model). This model employed encoder-decoder architecture for the ischemic lesion segmentation, which automatically extracted high-level feature maps in its middle layers, and used its information to predict the clinical outcome. Its performance was internally validated with 5-fold cross-validation, externally validated, and the results compared with those from the standard neuroimaging biomarkers Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score and ischemic core volume. The prediction target was a good clinical outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score at 90-day follow-up of 0 to 2.

Results—

The derivation cohort included 250 patients, and the validation cohort included 74 patients. The convolutional neural network model showed the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.81±0.06 compared with 0.63±0.05 and 0.64±0.05 for the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score and ischemic core volume models, respectively. In the external validation, the area under the curve for the convolutional neural network model was significantly superior to those for the other 2 models.

Conclusions—

Compared with the standard neuroimaging biomarkers, our deep learning model derived a greater amount of prognostic information from pretreatment neuroimaging data. Although a confirmatory prospective evaluation is needed, the high-level imaging features derived by deep learning may offer an effective prognostic imaging biomarker.
Endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery in the prone-split leg position for successful single session removal of an encrusted ureteral stent: a case report
Authors: Wang Daming , Sun Hongliang , Chen Lei , Liu Zhiqi , Zhang Dazhao , Yu Dexin , Ding Demao
Published: April 2020

Background

The most serious complication of ureter stent is long-term retention of ureteral stent and stone formation around the stent.

Case presentation

A 51-year old female patient with left ureteral stent placed 2 years before developed both pyelic and vesical stones on the two ends of the double J was admitted to our hospital. Intravesical lithotripsy, retrograde ureteroscopy, and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy were performed with the patient in the prone split-leg position. All the stones and the ureteral stent were successfully removed in a single session.

Conclusions

Combined endoscopic techniques in the prone split-leg position can effectively and safely manage severely encrusted stents.
Assessing needs of patients and families during the perioperative period at King Abdullah Medical City
Authors: Alsabban Wid , Alhadithi Ahmed , Alhumaidi Faisal Salem , Al Khudhair Abdullah Mutlaq , Altheeb Saeed , Badri Ahmed Saad
Published: April 2020

Background

This paper explores elective surgery patients’ and family members’ needs during the perioperative period, in a specialized hospital in Saudi Arabia. Needs are influenced by context and could differ from a setting to another.

Methods

Two questionnaires, one for the patient group and the other for the family member group, were adopted from a previous similar study. The participants were asked to rate the importance of each need and how much it was satisfied. Data were collected in 5 weeks. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the average rate and standard deviation of each item.

Results

Patients highly rated the need for adequate symptom management in the recovery area. Family members highly rated the importance of being informed if the surgical procedure is taking more time than expected and communicating with the surgeon after the procedure.

Conclusion

Systematically involving the family member in the perioperative care of the patient is advantageous. However, interventions and extent of involvement of the family member to the care of the patient would have to be adapted according to the cultural context.
Managing diabetes in primary care during Ramadan
Authors: Morris David
Published: April 2020

Individuals with diabetes may wish to fast during the holy month of Ramadan. David Morris provides an overview of the key considerations for practice nurses helping people with diabetes to manage their condition

Ramadan is the holiest month of the Islamic calendar, during which healthy adult Muslims fast. Vulnerable people with diabetes can be exempted from fasting during Ramadan; however, many Muslims with diabetes feel strongly committed to observing Ramadan. The adoption of fasting together with alteration of mealtimes, sleeping arrangements and exercise, places physiological demands on the individual that are likely to be greater in those with diabetes. Health professionals involved in the care of these patients need to offer timely advice on the risks associated with fasting in those with diabetes and, where fasting is planned, support and empower these individuals.
Implanty ślimakowe – etyka a wybór
Authors: Tomaszewski Piotr
Published: April 2020

Tomaszewski Piotr, Implanty ślimakowe – etyka a wybór [Cochlear implants – ethics and choices]. „Kultura – Społeczeństwo – Edukacja” nr 2(14) 2018, Poznań 2018, pp. 155–181, Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-0422. DOI 10.14746/kse.2018.14.13.

This study discusses the ethical issue of the development of hearing technology in the form of cochlear implants that are used by an ever-growing number of deaf and hard of hearing people. The development of this kind of technology has progressed so quickly all over the world, including Poland, that the deafness paradigms have drastically changed. This may affect, to a greater or lesser degree, not only the implementation of early support programmes, but also the image of the Deaf communities using their respective sign languages on a daily basis. It is therefore necessary to create an eclectic model of education for deaf and hard of hearing people which would allow for the ethical option to integrate the conflicting approaches on the proper procedure for deciding on the language (spoken or signed) and the culture (the hearing or the Deaf one) for the development of deaf and hard of hearing students with cochlear implants or hearing aids.
USING BREATHING AND MEDITATIVE TECHNIQUES TO DEAL WITH UNCERTAINTY AND ANXIETY: A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE
Authors: SHYAM GEETA
Published: April 2020

The scale of disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to adversely affect the mental health of a large number of people. In this Note, the author shares her strategies for dealing with uncertainty and anxiety. Recounting her personal experiences, she reveals how simple breathing exercises and meditation practices helped her accept and respond to a traumatic experience as well as an unexpected illness. A number of studies appear to support the view that breathing exercises and meditation can help people manage anxiety. It is suggested that these studies highlight the relevance and value of these practices in the current distressing conditions.
Experiments and optimization for the WEDM process: A trade-off analysis between surface quality and production rate
Authors: Nguyen Trung Thanh , Dang Xuan Phuong , Nguyen Truong An , Trinh Quang Hung
Published: April 2020

This work addressed a parameter optimization to simultaneously decrease the root mean square roughness (Rq) as well as the thickness of the white layer (TW) and improve the material removal rate (MRR) for the wire electro-discharge machining (WEDM) of a stainless steel 304 (SS304). The factors considered are the discharge current (C), the gap voltage (VO), the pulse on time (POT), and the wire drum speed (SP). The interpolative radius basic function (RBF) is applied to show the correlation between the varied factors and WEDM performances measured. The optimal selection is chosen using the multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO). Moreover, a traditional one using the response surface method (RSM) and desirability approach (DA) is adopted to compare the working efficiency of two optimization techniques. The results showed that the optimal findings of the C, POT, VO, and SP are 5.0 A, 1.0 µs, 61.0 V, and 8.0 m/min, respectively. The values of the Rq and TW are decreased by approximately 33.33% and 23.53%, respectively, while the MRR enhances 47.42% at the optimal selection, as compared to the common values used. The BRF-MOPSO can provide better performance than the RSM-DA.
Editorial
Authors: Díaz Rincón Sandra Viviana
Published: April 2020

Editorial
Human rotavirus infection. Strategies for the vaccinal prevention
Authors: Alekseev K. P. , Kalnov S. L. , Grebennikova T. V. , Aliper T. I.
Published: April 2020

Rotavirus was first isolated in 1973 in Australia from children with diarrhea. Hundreds of thousands of children die annually in developing countries from this virus with the mortality peaks in the most impoverished among them. According to wHo, rotavirus infection claims about 440 thousands children lives each year, being third in the mortality rate after pneumonia and malaria. Rotavirus is widely spread throughout the world and by the age of five years almost every child encountered this pathogen at least once. Rotavirus has a high genetic and antigenic diversity. The most important for humans is the group A rotavirus, and the most common by far genotypes are G1P [8], G2P [4], G3P [8], G4P [8], G9P [8], and to a lesser extent G12P [8]. There are three gene constellations described in rotavirus designated Wa, Ds-1, and Au-1. It is believed that they originated from rotaviruses of pigs, cattle, dogs, and cats, respectively. Cases of rotavirus interspecies transmission from animal to humans were reported. The first vaccines against rotavirus infection were based on naturally attenuated virus of the animal origin. Their efficiency, especially in developing countries, was inadequate, but today China and India use vaccines based on animal rotaviruses. Using the method of gene reassortation with the cattle rotavirus WC3 as a backbone, pentavalent vaccine against most common human rotavirus serotypes was developed and now successfully used as RotaTeq. The ability of rotavirus to protect against heterologous isolates was taken into account in the development of other vaccine, Rotarix, created on the basis of rotavirus genotype G1P1A [8]. The efficacy of these vaccines in developing countries is significantly reduced (51%), the cost of a dose is high, and so the search for more effective, safe, and inexpensive vaccines against rotavirus continues around the world.
Paramyxoviruses activation by host proteases in cultures of normal and cancer cells
Authors: Zhirnov O. P.
Published: April 2020

Multiplication of paramyxovirus Sendai and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was studied in cultures of normal and tumor cells. Production of noninfectious virus with uncleaved F0 was observed in canine kidney cell line MDCK (line H) and its derivatives carrying tetracycline-regulated expression of transmembrane protease HAT or TMPRSS2 with trypsin-like cleavage specificity. Under tetracycline induction, a cleavage F0 (65 kD)>F1 (50 kD)+F2(15 kD) and production of infectious virus were observed in these cell cultures. Under tetracycline induction, the additional subunit 38K (m.w. 38 kDa) of the F protein was detected both in infected MDCK-HAT cells and in newly synthesized Sendai virus in addition to F0, F1 and F2, indicating thereby a second HAT-sensitive proteolytic site in the F0 molecule. Highly infectious virus containing cleaved F1+F2 was produced in cultures of cancer cells Caco-2 and H1299. Virus Sendai synthesized in H1299 cells contained 38 K subunit indicating a cleavage of the F0 at a second site by H1299 host cell proteases. Levels of cleaved F1+F2 and infectious virions were higher at the late stage of infection in cancer cells, suggesting thus the induction of virus-activating proteases in Caco-2 and H1299 cells under infection with paramyxoviruses. NDV virus was found to induce more rapid death of cancer cells Caco-2 than Sendai virus. Cooperatively, the obtained data show that cancer cells in distinction to nonmalignant cells can synthesize protease(s) activating infectivity of paramyxoviruses. Thus, they are more vulnerable to paramyxovirus infection than normal cells.
COMPARISON OF RESULTS OBTAINED BY ELISA AND NEUTRALIZATION TEST IN ASSESSING THE PROTECTION OF POPULATION FROM TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS
Authors: Chernokhaeva L. L. , Maikova G. B. , Rogova Yu. V. , Romanenko V. V. , Ankudinova A. V. , Kilyachina A. S. , Vorovich M. F. , Karganova G. G.
Published: April 2020

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the neutralization test (NT) are often used to determine the level of seropositive population and to evaluate the immunogenicity of vaccines. ELISA provides information on the total pool of antiviral antibodies, while NT allows the antiviral protection level of a person to be estimated. It is assumed that the 1:100 titer in ELISA and the 1:10 titer in NT are protective. Obviously, the ratio of the total pool and virus neutralizing antibodies can vary as a result of natural immunization or vaccination. In this study, two methods were used to study the blood serum samples taken in a group of inhabitants of the Sverdlovsk region aged from 1 to 60 years. The samples were collected before immunization and 30 days after two immunizations with inactivated vaccines against tick-borne encephalitis of different manufacturers. Immunizations were performed either according to a standard scheme (30-day interval between immunizations), or according to an emergency scheme (14-day interval). It was shown that the data on the presence of antiviral antibodies in protective titers obtained by ELISA and NT were consistent in more than 85% of cases. The discrepancies between the data are due, in the first place, to the difference in the sensitivities of the two methods. The proportion of seropositive people according to NT data is always greater than that according to the results of ELISA. Nevertheless, among 174 children, about 5% of recipients after a double immunization were seropositive according to ELISA, but did not have neutralizing antibodies in protective titers.
CRITERIA OF RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY: EVIDENCE FROM HIV TREATMENT
Authors: Rostova N. B. , Gudilina N. A.
Published: April 2020

Results of evaluation of the impact of drugs on indicators of clinical laboratory diagnostics as a criterion of safety of therapy are presented. Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection was chosen as an example. Information from official sources (summary of product characteristics and medicinal product labels) on the potential impact of antiretroviral drugs registered in the Russian Federation on indicators of clinical laboratory diagnostics was analyzed and systematized. Individual INN and antiretroviral regimens recommended by WHO documents and protocols of follow-up and treatment of patients with HIV infection in the Russian Federation with the maximum and minimum potential impact on indicators of clinical laboratory diagnostics were revealed. The research results can be used to develop recommendations for the rational choice, prescription and use of medicines.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SEROLOGICAL MARKERS OF HERPES VIRUSES AND QUANTITATIVE IMMUNOGLOBULINOPATHIES IN PRIMARY PATIENTS WITH ANGIOIMMUNOBLASTIC T-CELL LYMPHOMA
Authors: Chernova N. G. , Tihomirov D. S. , Soboleva N. P. , Mariina S. A. , Sidorova Y. V. , Sinitsyna M. N. , Dvirnyk V. N. , Kulikov S. M. , Tupoleva T. A. , Zvonkov E. E.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in most cases. It is believed polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia observed in 53-80% of AITL patients has anti-herpes viral antibodies as its substrate. Aim. The aim of the study was to compare serological markers of herpes viruses and quantitative immunoglobulinopathies of classes M and G in primary patients with AITL. Materials and methods. 26 primary patients with newly diagnosed AITL treated at the National Research Center for Hematology from 2002 to 2017 were enrolled in the study. The male/female ratio was 16/10; median age was 62 (29-81) years. The levels of total immunoglobulins of classes M and G, serological markers of EBV, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (HSV 1, 2) were assessed in all patients. Results. Significant relationship was found between the presence of virus-specific IgM (IgM HSV 1, 2, IgM CMV, IgM VCA EBV) and an elevated level of total immunoglobulins of class M (p
PLASMIDS OF ARCHAEA AS POSSIBLE ANCESTORS OF DNA-CONTAINING VIRUSES
Authors: Lvov D. K. , Sizikova T. E. , Lebedev V. N. , Borisevich S. V.
Published: April 2020

Тhе kingdom Archaea, as well as Bacteria, belongs to the overkingdom Prokaryota. Halophilic archaea (Halorubrum lacusprofundi) isolated from Antarctic saline lakes contain plasmids (pR1SE) that code proteins taking part in the formation of membranes of archaea vesicles. The molecular and biological properties of pR1SE and the peculiarity of its interaction with sensitive cells are considered in this article. The role of structural proteins coded by pR1S in the process of formation of vesicle membrane complex is paid special attention. Plasmid-containing archaea vesicles model some properties of viruses. Archaea plasmids can be viewed as possible ancestors of DNA-containing viruses.
HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME GROUP OUTBREAK CAUSED BY SOCHI VIRUS
Authors: Dzagurova T. K. , Ishmukhametov A. A. , Bakhtina V. A. , Morozov V. G. , Balovneva M. V. , Kurashova S. S. , Klempa B. .. , Kruger D. .. , Tkachenko E. A.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) occupies a leading place among natural focal human diseases in the Russian Federation. Sporadic incidence of HFRS-Sochi has been annually recorded in the Krasnodar Territory since 2000. The group outbreak of the HFRS-Sochi was first registered in Gelendzhik in the fall of 2013. Material and methods. Serological methods were used: indirect immunofluorescence, enzyme immunoassay, FRNT in Vero cells, and methods for the viral RNA detection: PCR and RT-PCR. Results. Data of clinical, epidemiological, immunological and molecular studies of 3 out of 4 cases in HFRS-Sochi outbreak are presented. Severity of the disease correlated with early gastrointestinal disorders appearance. Patient MA gastrointestinal disorders were joined on day 3 of a fever. Clinical and laboratory studies revealed signs of kidneys, liver, pancreas damage, bilateral hydrothorax, bilateral polysegmental pneumonia and polyneuropathy. As a result of long-term treatment, the patient recovered. Patient AA had gastrointestinal disturbances the next day after fever onset. The patient was not saved, despite early hospitalization. Hantavirus antigen and RNA were detected in the lung tissues 2 out of 10 Black-Sea field mice captured in the affected area, as well as in the organs of deceased patient. Discussion. The most severe clinical course of the disease in close relatives, son and father, with a fatal outcome in the latter case may be the result of genetic features. The severity and outcome of the disease was not depend on day of hospitalization and correlated with the early manifestations of gastrointestinal disorders. Conclusion. Presented data confirm high virulence and pantropism of the Sochi virus, as well as the epidemiological role of Black-Sea field mouse (Apodemus ponticus) as the host of the Sochi virus and the source of human infection.
EVOLUTION OF PANDEMIC INFLUENZA VIRUS A(H1N1)PDM09 IN 2009-2016: DYNAMICS OF RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY OF THE FIRST HEMAGGLUTININ SUBUNIT (HA1)
Authors: Lvov D. K. , Bogdanova V. S. , Kirillov I. M. , Shchelkanov M. Yu. , Burtseva E. I. , Bovin N. V. , Fedyakina I. T. , Prilipov A. G. , Alhovsky S. V. , Samokhvalov E. I. , Proshina E. S. , Kirillova E. S. , Syroeshkin A. V.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. The new reassortant of the swine flu virus A(H1N1)pdm09, which emerged in 2009, overcame the species barrier and caused the 2009-2010 pandemic. One of the key points required for the influenza virus to overcome the species barrier and adapt it to humans is its specific binding to the receptors on the epithelium of the human respiratory tract.Targets and goals. Studying the dynamics of changes in receptor specificity (RS) of the HA1 subunit of the hemagglutinin of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus strains isolated during the period 2009-2016 on the territory of the Russian Federation, and an analysis of the possible impact of these changes on the incidence rates of the population of the Russian Federation of pandemic influenza in certain epidemic seasons. Material and Methods. Standard methods of collecting clinical materials, isolation of influenza viruses, their typing and genome sequencing were used. For the study of RS of influenza A virus (H1N1)pdm09, the method of solid phase sialosidenzyme analysis was used. Results. It is shown that the change in the parameter W3/6 , which characterizes the degree of a2-3 receptor specificity (a2-3-RS) of the influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 over a2-6-RS, coincides with the change in the incidence rates of the Russian Federation’s pandemic flu in separate epidemic seasons. There is a tendency to increase the affinity of the virus A(H1N1)pdm09 to α2-3 analogs of the sialyl-glycan receptors of the human respiratory tract epithelium - α2-3-sialoglycopolymers (α2-3-SGP), and falls to α2-6-SGP, with the virus showing the greatest affinity for sulfated sialoglycopolymers. Discussion. Screening for RS strains of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus isolated on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2009-2016 revealed a decrease in the affinity of viruses for a2-6-sialosides, especially for 6’SL-SGP, which is probably due to the presence of amino acid substitutions in the 222 and 223 positions of RBS HA1 viruses. Previous studies have shown that the presence of such substitutions correlates with an increase in the virulence of the influenza A virus (H1N1)pdm09 [16, 23]. Probably, the pandemic virus has evolved towards the selection of more virulent pneumotropic variants. Conclusion. Monitoring of the receptor specificity of a pandemic influenza virus makes it possible to identify strains with altered RS to the epithelium of the human respiratory tract and an increased ability to transfer from person to person. Change in the period 2009-2016 the W3/6 parameter characterizing the degree of α2-3-RS excess of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus over α2-6-RS, coincides with the change in the incidence rates of the pandemic influenza population of the Russian Federation in certain epidemic seasons.
THE ROLE OF THE NEONATAL FC RECEPTOR IN THE UNCOATING OF ECHOVIRUSES AND COXSACKIEVIRUS A9
Authors: Usoltseva P. S. , Alimov A. V. , Rezaykin A. V. , Sergeev A. G. , Novoselov A. V.
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the role of the human neonatal receptor for the Fc fragment of IgG (hFcRn) as a common uncoating cellular receptor for echoviruses and coxsackievirus A9 during infection of human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. Material and methods. The protective effect of the human serum albumin, purified from globulins, (HSA-GF) and antibodies to hFcRn was studied in RD cells infected with several strains and clones of species B enteroviruses possessing different receptor specificity (echoviruses 3, 9, 11, 30 and coxsackieviruses A9, B4, B5). Results. It was shown that HSA-GF at concentrations of 4% or less protected RD cells from infection with echoviruses 3, 9, 11 and coxsackievirus A9. The antibodies to hFcRn at concentrations of 2.5 ug/mL or less demonstrated the similar spectrum of protective activity in RD cells against infection with echoviruses 3, 9, 11, 30 and coxsackievirus A9. The protective effect of HSA-GF or the antibodies to hFcRn was not observed in RD cells infected with coxsackieviruses B4 and B5 that need coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor for uncoating. Discussion. The usage of the previously characterized echovirus 11 clonal variants with different receptor specificity allowed us to define the function of hFcRn as a canyon-binding uncoating receptor in RD cells. The kinetics and magnitude of the observed protective effects correlated with receptor specificity of the enteroviruses used in this work supporting the two-step interaction of DAF-dependent echoviruses with the cellular receptors. Conclusions. In this study, the function of hFcRn was defined in RD cells as a canyon-binding and uncoating receptor for echoviruses and coxsackievirus A9. The two-step interaction of DAF-dependent echoviruses during entry into the cells was confirmed: initially with the binding receptor DAF and subsequently with the uncoating receptor hFcRn.
Evidence for Natural Selection and Ethnic Diversity at the Adenylate cyclase 3 Gene Associated with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: YOSHIUCHI ISSEI
Published: April 2020

Background: Diabetes and obesity cause serious complications worldwide, including stroke and cardiovascular disease, and are a global health burden. Diabetes is strongly related with obesity and both are significantly heritable. The prevalence of diabetes and obesity are higher in African populations than in European and Asian populations. In human evolution, natural selection is a key process of genetic survival over generations. Thus, the selection for diabetes- and obesity-related genes is a key mechanism for survival during times of feast and famine. Loss-of-function variations in the adenylate cyclase 3 ( ADCY3 ) gene are associated with obesity and diabetes, while mutations in ADCY3 are also associated with childhood obesity. ADCY3 -deficient mice showed severe obesity, impaired insulin sensitivity, and reduced physical activity. Here, we researched evidence for natural selection at ADCY3 . Methods: We used a three-step genetic method to identify natural selection at ADCY3 using data on four populations from the 1000 Genomes Project and HapMap: Utah residents with Northern and Western European ancestry (CEU), the Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria (YRI), Han Chinese in Beijing (CHB) and Japanese in Tokyo (JPT). First we used Wright’s F-statistics (Fst) as a measure of population differentiation to find ethnic diversity at ADCY3 . We then used a long-range haplotype (LRH) test to find significant long haplotypes, and then the integrated haplotype score (iHS) to find natural selection at ADCY3 . Results: We observed high Fst values and significant ethnic diversity at four ADCY3 body mass index (BMI)-associated variations (rs7586879, rs6545814, rs11676272 and rs10182181) between the non-African and African populations. Both LRH and iHS also provided evidence for natural selection at ADCY3 . Conclusions: These observations show evidence for natural selection and ethnic diversity at ADCY3 . Further exploration into the evolution of obesity- and Type 2 diabetes-associated genes is needed.
Protective role of microRNA-9-5p in oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced injury in liver sinusoidal endothelial cell
Authors: Duan Yi , Gao Zhifeng , Wang Xiaoyu , Meng Yuanyuan , Zhang Huan
Published: April 2020

Background: Maintenance of the function and survival of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) play a crucial role in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, a major cause of liver impairment during surgical treatment. Emerging evidence indicate a critical role of microRNAs in I/R injury. This study aims to investigate whether miR-9-5p exert a protective effect on LSECs in vitro .Methods: We transfected LSECs with miR-9-5p mimic or mimic NC. LSECs were treated with oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD, 5% CO2 and 95% N2), followed by glucose-free DMEM medium for 6 h, and high-glucose (HG, 30 mmol/L glucose) DMEM medium for 12 h. The biological role of miR-9-5p in I/R-induced LSEC injury was determined. Results: In the in vitro model of OGD/HG injury in LSECs, the expression levels of miR-9-5p were significantly downregulated and those of CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) upregulated. LSEC I/R injury led to deteriorated cell death, enhanced oxidative stress and excessive inflammatory response. Mechanistically, we showed that miR-9-5p overexpression significantly upregulated both mRNA and protein levels of CXCR4, followed by rescue of LSECs, ameliorated inflammatory response, and deactivation of pro-apoptotic signaling pathways.Conclusion: miR-9-5p promotes LSEC survival and inhibits apoptosis and inflammatory response in LSECs following OGD/HG injury via downregulation of CXCR4.
Dynamic changes in home-ranges of the subterranean rodent: a case study on Myospalax baileyi
Authors: Zhou Jianwei , Chu Bin , Ji Chengpeng , Zhang Feiyu , Hua Limin
Published: April 2020

BackgroundSubterranean rodents, as ecosystem engineers, excavate and inhabit burrow systems. Their underground space-use mobility is poorly recorded. There is conflicting evidence regarding that burrow system of subterranean rodents, once established, are relatively stable because of high-energy costs of digging. For monitoring data at different stages of a year’s life cycle. We predict that mating and habitat characteristics might influence home-range size and locomotion.MethodsThe present study implemented successive radio-tracking in order to quantify the locomotion and overlap of the plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) home-range throughout the year. Home-ranges were calculated according to the 100% minimum convex polygon (MCP) methods. We also examined the relationships of home-range sizes with body mass, vegetation biomass, and soil compaction, respectively.ResultsWe found that sizes of home-ranges varied monthly for both male and female, except for the long winter (from November to March of the following year) challenging to excavate with activity ranges of all individuals concentrated on their own nests. During the mating season, the average size of males’ home-ranges is 3.4 times larger than females’ home-ranges. Males likely expanded the burrows to overlap with multiple females and to enhance their chances of mating. However, there was no overlap between estrus females or males, perhaps by reducing encounters and unnecessary fights. Home-ranges between males and females showed similar in size after courtship ends one month, and interestingly, single zokor’s home-range overlapped with the home-ranges of several neighbors. Most individuals remained territorial and excluded intraspecific from their home-ranges. Besides, the position of the females was stable throughout the year, while half of the males shifted nests and established completely new home-ranges in the non-breeding season, mainly in October. ConclusionsWe conclude that space use of M. baileyi is flexible in response to meet physical contact and food resource. Regarding locomotion of home-range, subterranean plateau zokors to affirm that their home-ranges are dynamics and males shift in space with one breeding cycle.
Investigation of Cadmium Content in Rice in Heilongjiang Province and Health Risk Assessment
Authors: Cao Dongmei , Zhang Chang , Zhang Dongjie
Published: April 2020

We investigated the cadmium content in soils and rice in Cha Hayang, Wuchang, Fangzheng, Xiangshui, and Jiansanjiang areas of Heilongjiang Province, and characterized the effect of rice intake on human health. The samples were analyzed by ICP-MS, and the cadmium transfer in soil-rice system was modeled by the Nemero comprehensive pollution index method. The health risk assessment model was used to study the status of cadmium pollution in rice and its health risk assessment for adults and children. The results showed that the average contents of cadmium in rice were 0.003 (Cha Hayang), 0.016 (Wuchang), 0.006 (Fangzheng), 0.006 (Xiangshui), and 0.005 (Jiansanjiang) mg kg-1. The prediction model developed in this study, including the total heavy metals and pH value of the soil, effectively described the transfer of cadmium in the soil-rice system of Wuchang, Chahayang and Xiangshui paddy fields (with R2 between 0.256 and 0.468). The pollution index of the study area was less than 1. The comprehensive pollution index was 0.037<1, sugesting no pollution, and the comprehensive pollution index was between 0.059 and 0.158. The health risk index of carcinogenic heavy metal cadmium to adults and children in Cyang and JianSanjiang areas was lower than that recommended by USEPA (1 × 10-4), suggesting no risk of cancer. However, the mean values in Wuchang, Fang Zheng and Xiangshui were higher than the maximum acceptable risk recommended by USEPA, suggesting a risk of cancer.
The Three Steps Needed to End the COVID-19 Pandemic: Bold Public Health Leadership, Rapid Innovations, and Courageous Political Will (Preprint)
Authors: Guest Jodie L , del Rio Carlos , Sanchez Travis
Published: April 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

The world is experiencing the expansive spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a global pandemic that is placing strain on health care, economic, and social systems. Commitment to implementing proven public health strategies will require bold public health leadership and courageous acts by politicians. Developing new innovative communication, mitigation, and health care approaches, particularly in the era of social media, is also clearly warranted. We believe that the best public health evidence must inform activities in three priority areas to stop this pandemic: (1) coordinated and consistent stay-at-home orders across multiple jurisdictions, including potential nationwide mandates; (2) rapid scale-up of SARS-CoV-2 testing; and (3) improved health care capacity to respond. This editorial outlines those areas, the rationale behind them, and the call for innovation and engagement of bold public health leadership to empower courageous political action to reduce the number of deaths during this pandemic.
The Effect of Planting Distance and Depth of Water Puddle to Damage Intensity by Rice Yellow Stem Borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Relation to Microclimate Change
Authors: Nuzulullia Ulfah , Martono Edhi , Trisyono Y. Andi
Published: April 2020

The rice yellow stemborer (Scirpophaga incertulas) is one of main pests on rice which may attack at all growth stages. The weather was considered one of influencing factors against its infestation. Therefore, this research was conducted to recognize microclimate factors affecting the infestation of S. incertulas. The experiment was carried out in Institute for Pest Forecasting, Jatisari Karawang from January-April 2017. The investigation was arranged in Factorial of Blocked Randomized Design with four repetitions and  combinations of treatment factors, i.e. planting distance (conventional and jajar legowo 2 : 1) and depth of puddle (5 cm, 0 cm, and intermittent). The observation was performed from one to 12 weeks after planting. At the same time, three weather factors (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) were observed in four West Java regencies i.e. in Bekasi, Karawang, Subang and Indramayu. The results showed that the conventional and the jajar legowo schemes are influenced by the micro air temperature.  Both planting distance and depth of water puddle treatment were influenced by the micro air temperature. Microclimate factors which influenced the intensity of infestation were air temperature, humidity, water temperature, and light intensity. The weather factor showing effects  in Bekasi, Karawang, and Indramayu was rainfall. However, the three weather factors did not affect on the acreage of pest infestation in Subang.
The Role of Anthocyanin Content of Garden Balsam’s (Impatiens balsamina L.) Flower Extract on the Growth of Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: Widhityarini Djati , Wulandari Rani Agustina , Arwiyanto Triwidodo
Published: April 2020

The study was aimed to determine the response of bacterial growth of Ralstonia solanacearum  Race  I of  biovar  III  phylotype  I  treated  with  flower  extract  of Garden Balsam (Impatiens balsamina L.) on different color of flower, that was able to give the strongest antibacterial compound and to determine the physical characteristics of I. balsamina in order to facilitate the purpose of the garden balsam cultivation as antibacterial. In addition, this study also aimed to determine the highest total anthocyanin content (TAC) and to determine the molecular characteristics of anthocyanin-coding genes and DNA base sequences of I. balsamina that indicated antibacterial properties. The research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) 2 X 4 each with 3 replications. The first factor was the method of plating bacteria culture (pour plate and streak plate method), the second factor was the color of the garden balsam flower extracts consisted of white, red, purple and magenta. Therefore, the experiment consisted of 8 treatments of combination. Data were analyzed using CRD (α = 0.05). The results showed that the average combination of pour plate and red flower extract gave the value of resistance velocity on the 3rd day with the diameter of the inhibition zone was 33.46 mm, with the inhibitory zone diameter of the garden balsam extract of 22.90 mm. Red flower plants showed a bright red stem on the braches and the pointed leaf edge. Although this red does not show the total content of anthocyanin compounds higher than purple, however from RAPD analysis for red color indicated the anthocyanin of pelargonidin as an anthocyanin compound responsible for its antibacterial properties.
Towards an ethnically diverse British Methodist Church
Authors: Marsh Jill
Published: April 2020

Using a qualitative study of interviews with ministers who work in ethnically diverse British Methodist congregations, I explore the practices that encourage a sense of belonging together as one body in Christ and how these influence a congregation’s ethos. Analysing how the respondents see their own role in this work I argue that the key challenge is the enabling of power-sharing, to which ministers contribute but which they cannot determine alone. I conclude that the decisive factor is the willingness of the members to allow the whole body to be changed by those who are ‘other’ and ‘different’.
Russian Accounting Standard (PBU) 18/02: A new approach to accounting for deferred taxes in the recognition of fixed asset transactions
Authors: Lisovskaya I.A. , Trapeznikova N.G.
Published: April 2020

Subject. January 1, 2020, there came into effect a new edition of Russian Accounting Standard (PBU) 18/02, Accounting for Deferred Taxes on Corporate Income, which introduced the balance sheet approach to assessing deferred taxes. Therefore, the Russian accountants have to revise the way they have been applying PBU 18/02, and adjust the previous deferred taxes respectively.
Objectives. We analyze methodological issues of accruing deferred taxes in relation to accounting for fixed assets when recognizing, measuring, remeasuring and constructing contingent liabilities for repair and others, which were introduced by PBU 18/02 as transactions resulting in timing differences.
Methods. The study employs the systems analysis and logic generalization of legislative and regulatory documents and special literature on the issues under study.
Results. Illustrating fixed asset transactions, we find that it is necessary to master the balance sheet method of accruing deferred taxes, including the coming changes in some provisions of PBU 6/01, Accounting for Fixed Assets.
Conclusions and Relevance. Poor knowledge of the balance sheet complicates, inter alia, the use of the balance sheet method to accrue deferred taxes. Thus, it is reasonable to make methodological recommendations on the use of the balance sheet method to assess deferred taxes in line with the coming amendments to the existing standards and expedite mastering IFRS. The findings are designated for research, practice and training of accountants and auditors, and make suggestions on the improvement of the national accounting methodology, which would pursue the convergence of the modern international practices.
Trends and prospects for accounting automation in agriculture
Authors: Akmarov P.B. , Knyazeva O.P.
Published: April 2020

Subject. This article analyzes the reasons of lagging of accounting automation in agriculture behind other sectors of the economy, as well as the trends in its development in the context of Russia's digital economy formation.
Objectives. The article aims to highlight the importance of accounting automation in the development of production, the current trends in information technologies application in the agricultural industry, and the prospects for their development in the management of enterprises and accounting organization.
Methods. For the study, we used statistical inquiry, classification, generalization and grouping.
Results. The article talks about the cost-effectiveness of the introduction of modern accounting automation systems. It offers a promising version of agricultural accounting automation technologies based on the application of cloud computing and remote databases. The article also describes the specifics of the application of accounting automation programs in agricultural organizations. The case of the agricultural industry of Udmurtia shows the impact of accounting automation on the efficiency of production.
Conclusions and Relevance. Automation of accounting in agriculture is an integral part of the development system of the Russian digital economy. This material will be useful to the management and accounting services of agricultural organizations in working out development plans and improving management, academic and pedagogical workers to assess the current state of automation of accounting and solving future problems of informatization of management in the agricultural sector. The results of the study can be applied in the theory and practice of accounting automation.
To the memory of philosopher V. V. Grechany (1940-2019)
Authors: Gorelik Kseniya Vyacheslavovna , Grechanyi Severin Vyacheslavovich
Published: April 2020

Obituary for the rubric “In memoriam”: to the 80th anniversary of the Doctor of Philosophy, Professor V. V. Grechany.  February 11, 2020 would have mark the 80th birthday of the prominent Russian philosopher, leading scholar in the area of axiology, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor Vyacheslav Vasilievich Grechany. He died just a few month before his jubilee, on May 20, 2019. The article provides an overview of scientific and pedagogical activity and fundamental scientific works of V. V. Grechany. The author examines the fields of his scientific writings, first and foremost, axiological problematic: values, system of values, value attitude of human towards the world; as well as other paramount areas of study, such as philosophical anthropology, linguistic pragmatics, ethics, political ethics, and concept of practical humanism.