bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interplay between Fingering Instabilities and Initial Soil Moisture in Solute Transport through the Vadose Zone
Authors: Cueto-Felgueroso Luis , Suarez-Navarro María José , Fu Xiaojing , Juanes Ruben
Published: April 2020

Modeling water flow and solute transport in the vadose zone is essential to understanding the fate of soil pollutants and their travel times towards groundwater bodies. It also helps design better irrigation strategies to control solute concentrations and fluxes in semiarid and arid regions. Heterogeneity, soil texture and wetting front instabilities determine the flow patterns and solute transport mechanisms in dry soils. When water is already present in the soil, the flow of an infiltration pulse depends on the spatial distribution of soil water and on its mobility. We present numerical simulations of passive solute transport during unstable infiltration of water into sandy soils that are prone to wetting front instability. We study the impact of the initial soil state, in terms of spatial distribution of water content, on the infiltration of a solute-rich water pulse. We generate random fields of initial moisture content with spatial structure, through multigaussian fields with prescribed correlation lengths. We characterize the patterns of water flow and solute transport, as well as the mass fluxes through the soil column. Our results indicate a strong interplay between preferential flow and channeling due to fingering and the spatial distribution of soil water at the beginning of infiltration. Fingering and initial water saturation fields have a strong effect on solute diffusion and dilution into the ambient water during infiltration, suggesting an effective separation between mobile and inmobile transport domains that are controlled by the preferential flow paths due to fingering.
Application of Empirical Mode Decomposition Method to Synthesize Flow Data: A Case Study of Hushan Reservoir in Taiwan
Authors: Chu Tai-Yi , Huang Wen-Cheng
Published: April 2020

Although empirical mode decomposition (EMD) was developed to analyze nonlinear and non-stationary data in the beginning, the purpose of this study is to propose a new method—based on EMD—to synthesize and generate data which be interfered with the non-stationary problems. While using EMD to decompose flow record, the intrinsic mode functions and residue of a given record can be re-arranged and re-combined to generate synthetic time series with the same period. Next, the new synthetic and historical flow data will be used to simulate the water supply system of Hushan reservoir, and explore the difference between the newly synthetic and historical flow data for each goal in the water supply system of Hushan reservoir. Compared the historical flow with the synthetic data generated by EMD, the synthetic data is similar to the historical flow distribution overall. The flow during dry season changes in significantly (±0.78 m3/s); however, the flow distribution during wet season varies significantly (±0.63 m3/s). There are two analytic scenarios for demand. For Scenario I, without supporting industrial demand, the simulation results of the generation data of Method I and II show that both are more severe than the current condition, the shortage index of each method is between 0.67–1.96 but are acceptable. For Scenario II, no matter in which way the synthesis flow is simulated, supporting industrial demand will seriously affect the equity of domestic demand, the shortage index of each method is between 1.203 and 2.12.
Modelling the Effect of Efficiency Measures and Increased Irrigation Development on Groundwater Recharge through a Deep Vadose Zone
Authors: Walker Glen R. , Currie Dougal , Smith Tony
Published: April 2020

Water use measures are being implemented in irrigation areas to make better use of limited water resources and reduce adverse environmental impacts. A semi-analytical model is developed and tested with a numerical model to estimate changes in timing and magnitude of recharge from such measures in irrigation areas to support management of impacts, especially for areas with deep vadose zones and perched water tables. Low hydraulic conductivity of soil layers will lengthen time delays between actions and changes to recharge in addition to limiting the maximum recharge. Despite variations in detailed processes, the recharge outputs from models are surprisingly similar, irrespective of whether lateral effects are major. Superposition may be used to simplify the modelling of the total change in recharge from successive actions, including the initial development. Further simplification is possible, using an exponential conceptual model to approximate recharge responses to individual actions.
Levee Breaching: A New Extension to the LISFLOOD-FP Model
Authors: Shustikova Iuliia , Neal Jeffrey C. , Domeneghetti Alessio , Bates Paul D. , Vorogushyn Sergiy , Castellarin Attilio
Published: April 2020

Levee failures due to floods often cause considerable economic damage and life losses in inundated dike-protected areas, and significantly change flood hazard upstream and downstream the breach location during the event. We present a new extension for the LISFLOOD-FP hydrodynamic model which allows levee breaching along embankments in fully two-dimensional (2D) mode. Our extension allows for breach simulations in 2D structured grid hydrodynamic models at different scales and for different hydraulic loads in a computationally efficient manner. A series of tests performed on synthetic and historic events of different scale and magnitude show that the breaching module is numerically stable and reliable. We simulated breaches on synthetic terrain using unsteady flow as an upstream boundary condition and compared the outcomes with an identical setup of a full-momentum 2D solver. The synthetic tests showed that differences in the maximum flow through the breach between the two models were less than 1%, while for a small-scale flood event on the Secchia River (Italy), it was underestimated by 7% compared to a reference study. A large scale extreme event simulation on the Po River (Italy) resulted in 83% accuracy (critical success index).
High-Resolution Mapping of Japanese Microplastic and Macroplastic Emissions from the Land into the Sea
Authors: Nihei Yasuo , Yoshida Takushi , Kataoka Tomoya , Ogata Riku
Published: April 2020

Plastic debris presents a serious hazard to marine ecosystems worldwide. In this study, we developed a method to evaluate high-resolution maps of plastic emissions from the land into the sea offshore of Japan without using mismanaged plastic waste. Plastics were divided into microplastics (MicPs) and macroplastics (MacPs), and correlations between the observed MicP concentrations in rivers and basin characteristics, such as the urban area ratio and population density, were used to evaluate nationwide MicP concentration maps. A simple water balance analysis was used to calculate the annual outflow for each 1 km mesh to obtain the final MicP emissions, and the MacP input was evaluated based on the MicP emissions and the ratio of MacP/MicP obtained according to previous studies. Concentration data revealed that the MicP concentrations and basin characteristics were significantly and positively correlated. Water balance analyses demonstrated that our methods performed well for evaluating the annual flow rate, while reducing the computational load. The total plastic input (MicP + MacP) was widely distributed from 210–4776 t/yr and a map showed that plastic emissions were high for densely populated and highly urbanized areas in the Tokyo metropolitan area, as well as other large urban areas, especially Nagoya and Osaka. These results provide important insights that may be used to develop countermeasures against plastic pollution and the methods employed herein can also be used to evaluate plastic emissions in other regions.
Comparative Study on the Hydraulic Characteristics of Nature-Like Fishways
Authors: Zheng Tiegang , Niu Zhipan , Sun Shuangke , Shi Jiayue , Liu Haitao , Li Guangning
Published: April 2020

Due to the complex structure and the multiformity of boulder arrangements, there is currently no perfect design criterion for nature-like fishways. This paper proposes four types of nature-like fishways arranged with an impermeable partition wall (IPW), a semi-permeable partition wall (SPPW) or a fully permeable partition wall (FPPW). The hydraulic characteristics of these fishways were investigated experimentally. The results show that the discharge of the fishway arranged with a FPPW was almost twice that of an IPW fishway, and the discharge of a SPPW fishway was between the two extremes. The mean flow velocity of the FPPW fishway was larger than that of the other schemes. For the fishway arranged with an IPW, the flow information was basically consistent with that of the engineered technical fishway. In the FPPW or SPPW fishway, there was more abundant flow information and no obvious recirculation zones in the fishway pool, and these conditions are suitable for migratory fish moving up- and downstream. Notably, for the fishway arranged with two fish passages, two mainstreams were formed in the pool, which divided the flow pattern of the pool into three flow regions. A weak recirculation area was formed in the low-velocity region, which facilitates swimming for migratory fish. According to this comprehensive comparative study, the SPPW fishway with two fish passages had low discharge, abundant flow information and favorable fish migration characteristics; thus, it is the optimal fishway scheme among those studied in this paper.
Comparative Analysis of Water Quality Disparities in the United States in Relation to Heavy Metals and Biological Contaminants
Authors: Karim Kaleh , Guha Sujata , Beni Ryan
Published: April 2020

Drinking water quality can be compromised by heavy metals, such as copper and lead. If consumed raw, water can pose a health burden to the general population. In this study, the roles of heavy metals and biological contaminants have been explored in determining the quality of drinking water available to consumers of various socioeconomic backgrounds in the United States. In an effort to gain an understanding of possible social disparities in drinking water, a quantitative analysis was conducted to examine whether vulnerable populations are disproportionately impacted by drinking water contaminants. Our data indicated that states with middle-average household incomes were statistically more susceptible to higher levels of lead in drinking water. The states with higher-average household incomes demonstrated lower copper levels compared to those with lower incomes, although a direct correlation was not present. No statistical significance was observed in the total coliform and turbidity levels in correlation to the average household incomes. In general, more violations in water quality were prevalent in middle-income states when compared to the states with lower-average household incomes.
Using Wastewater in Irrigation: The Effects on Infiltration Process in a Clayey Soil
Authors: Albalasmeh Ammar A. , Gharaibeh Mamoun A. , Alghzawi Ma’in Z. , Morbidelli Renato , Saltalippi Carla , Ghezzehei Teamrat A. , Flammini Alessia
Published: April 2020

Soil water infiltration is a critical process in the soil water cycle and agricultural practices, especially when wastewater is used for irrigation. Although research has been conducted to evaluate the changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of soils irrigated by treated wastewater, a quantitative analysis of the effects produced on the infiltration process is still lacking. The objective of this study is to address this issue. Field experiments previously conducted on three adjacent field plots characterized by the same clayey soil but subjected to three different irrigation treatments have been used. The three irrigation conditions were: non-irrigated (natural conditions) plot, irrigated plot with treated wastewater for two years, and irrigated plot with treated wastewater for five years. Infiltration measurements performed by the Hood infiltrometer have been used to estimate soil hydraulic properties useful to calibrate a simplified infiltration model widely used under ponding conditions, that were existing during the irrigation stage. Our simulations highlight the relevant effect of wastewater usage as an irrigation source in reducing cumulative infiltration and increasing overland flow as a result of modified hydraulic properties of soils characterized by a lower capacity of water drainage. These outcomes can provide important insights for the optimization of irrigation techniques in arid areas where the use of wastewater is often required due to the chronic shortage of freshwater.
Monitoring and Modelling Interactions between the Montagna dei Fiori Aquifer and the Castellano Stream (Central Apennines, Italy)
Authors: Tazioli Alberto , Colombani Nicolò , Palpacelli Stefano , Mastrocicco Micòl , Nanni Torquato
Published: April 2020

Groundwater is the most used water resource around the world, but due to population growth and climate change the alluvial lowland aquifers are often polluted and over-exploited. Thus, more and more frequently water managers need to shift their attention to mountain regions to identify groundwater resources for drinking purposes. This study presents a monitoring and modelling approach that allowed to quantify the inflow from the “Montagna dei Fiori” fractured aquifer to the Castellano stream. Continuous monitoring of flow discharge and temperature during an entire hydrological year (2018–2019) at two monitoring stations along the stream allowed to discriminate between the baseflow (on average, 0.891 m3/s) and the run-off (on average, 0.148 m3/s) components. A hydrogeological basin-wide numerical flow model (using MODFLOW-2005) was set up using information from hydrogeological and geomechanical surveys. The model was calibrated using the daily baseflow observations made in the Castellano stream (R2 = 0.75). The calibrated model allowed to quantify groundwater/surface water interactions. After an automated sensitivity analysis (using MODFLOW-2000), the recharge was found to be the most uncertain parameter, followed by the hydraulic conductivity zonation. This methodology could be applied in other mountain regions where groundwater monitoring networks are usually lacking to improve water resources management.
Correction: Lewandowski, J., et al. Groundwater–Surface Water Interactions: Recent Advances and Interdisciplinary Challenges. Water 2020, 12, 296
Authors: Lewandowski Jörg , Meinikmann Karin , Krause Stefan
Published: April 2020

The authors wish to make the following correction to this paper [...]
Differences of Regulative Flexibility between Hydrological Isolated and Connected Lakes in a Large Floodplain: Insight from Inundation Dynamics and Landscape Heterogeneity
Authors: Teng Jiakun , Xia Shaoxia , Liu Yu , Cui Peng , Chen Jiang , Si Wuwei , Duan Houlang , Yu Xiubo
Published: April 2020

The inundation areas of floodplains are crucial to wetland ecosystems, especially in supporting biodiversity. Accurately identifying the spatial and temporal patterns of inundation areas is important for understanding floodplain ecosystem processes. Here, lakes in the Yangtze River Floodplain were divided into two types according to hydrological conditions: the natural connected lakes (Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake) with natural water level fluctuations and the isolated lakes (lakes in Jianghan Plain) with stable water levels. We established a method to identify inundation areas using multi-sources remote sensing data based on the Google Earth Engine. The dynamics of inundation areas were determined, and the relative indices were calculated in common year (2017) and a drought year (2018). The differences between the connected lakes and the isolated lakes were analyzed, and impacts of hydrological fluctuations on inundation area and habitat quality were evaluated. The results show that lakes with natural hydrological fluctuations have a greater regulative flexibility, with both patch density (PD) and submerged elasticity index (SEI) values higher than that of isolated lakes. The trend of the vegetation index in the connected lakes and in the isolated lakes is also different. The mean EVI in Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake showed a U-shaped trend which is similar to the shape of the trend of PD. The trend of mean enhanced vegetation index (EVI) in the isolated lakes is the opposite and has a lower range of variation over a year. This study provides new indicators and rapid methods for habitat quality assessment in floodplains, as well as presenting scientific information useful for improving wetland management in the middle and lower Yangtze River.
Real-Time Data and Flood Forecasting in Tagus Basin. A Case Study: Rosarito and El Burguillo Reservoirs from 8th to 12th March, 2018
Authors: Menéndez Pidal Ignacio , Hinojal Martín José Antonio , Mora Alonso-Muñoyerro Justo , Sanz Pérez Eugenio
Published: April 2020

The hydrological regime of the Iberian Peninsula is characterized by its extreme irregularity, including its propensity for periodic floods, which cause severe floods. The development of suitable cartographies and hydraulic models (HEC-RAS, IBER, etc.) allows for defining, with sufficient precision, the areas flooded by a determined return period, and for elaborating maps of danger and areas at risk of flooding, making it possible to adopt the corresponding preventive measures of spatial planning. These preventive measures do not avoid the need for contingent plans, such as the Civil Flooding Protection Plans. Many of the Peninsula’s watercourses and rivers are regulated by reservoirs built to ensure water supply and to smooth floods by releasing water in extreme hydrological climates. Hydrological modeling tools (rain/run-off) and Decision Support Systems DSS have been developed for the optimal operation of these dams in flood situations. The objective of the article is to study and prove the effectiveness of the integrated data provision in real time, while the event occurs—a circumstance that was not possible from the limited available meteorological stations available from Official Weather Services. The development of the Automatic Hydrological Information System (SAIH) in the Spanish River Basin Authorities (Confederaciones Hidrográficas), which includes a dense network of thermo-pluviometric stations and rain-river flow gauges, has allowed for new perspectives in order to realize an effective forecast method of flows during episodes of extreme precipitation. In this article, we will describe the integration of a hydrological modeling system, developed by the Confederación Hidrográfica del Tajo (River Authority), to meet the described objectives; the results of this methodology are novel. This allows for the processing of the 15-minute data provided, including the simulation of the snow accumulation/melting processes and the forecast of inflows to the reservoir to help in the establishment of safeguards and preventive waterflow releases. Finally, the methodology described is shown in a real case of study at Rosarito and El Burguillo Reservoirs.
Inundation Analysis of the Oda River Basin in Japan during the Flood Event of 6–7 July 2018 Utilizing Local and Global Hydrographic Data
Authors: P. C. Shakti , Kamimera Hideyuki , Misumi Ryohei
Published: April 2020

During the first week of July 2018, widespread flooding caused extensive damage across several river basins in western Japan. Among the affected basins were the Mabicho district of Kurashiki city in the lower part of the Oda river basin of the Okayama prefecture. An analysis of such a historical flood event can provide useful input for proper water resources management. Therefore, to improve our understanding of the flood inundation profile over the Oda river basin during the period of intense rainfall from 5–8 July 2018, the Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation (RRI) model was used, with radar rainfall data from the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) as the input. River geometries—width, depth, and embankments—of the Oda river were generated and applied in the simulation. Our results show that the Mabicho district flooding was due to a backwater effect and bursting embankments along the Oda River. The model setup was then redesigned, taking into account these factors. The simulated maximum flood-affected areas were then compared with data from the Japanese Geospatial Information Authority (GSI), which showed that the maximum flood inundation areas estimated by the RRI model and the GSI flood-affected area matched closely. River geometries were extracted from a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM), combined with coarser resolution DEM data (global data), and then utilized to perform a hydrological simulation of the Oda river basin under the scenarios of backwater effect and embankment failure. While this approach produced a successful outcome in this study, this is a case study for a single river basin in Japan. However, the fact that these results yielded valid information on the extent of flood inundation over the flood-affected area suggests that such an approach could be applicable to any river basin.
Extreme Floods in Small Mediterranean Catchments: Long-Term Response to Climate Variability and Change
Authors: Benito Gerardo , Sanchez-Moya Yolanda , Medialdea Alicia , Barriendos Mariano , Calle Mikel , Rico Mayte , Sopeña Alfonso , Machado Maria
Published: April 2020

Climate change implies changes in the frequency and magnitude of flood events. The influence of climate variability on flooding was evaluated by an analysis of sedimentary (palaeofloods) and documentary archives. A 500-year palaeoflood record at Montlleó River (657 km2 in catchment area), eastern Spain, revealed up to 31 palaeofloods with a range of discharges of 20–950 m3 s−1, and with at least five floods exceeding 740–950 m3 s−1. This information contrasts with the available gauged flood registers (since year 1971) with an annual maximum daily discharge of 129 m3 s−1. Our palaeoflood dataset indicates flood cluster episodes at (1) 1570–1620, (2) 1775–1795, (3) 1850–1890, and (4) 1920–1969. Flood rich periods 1 and 3 corresponded to cooler than usual (about 0.3 °C and 0.2 °C) climate oscillations, whereas 2 and 4 were characterised by higher inter-annual climatic variability (floods and droughts). This high inter-annual rainfall variability increased over the last 150 years, leading to a reduction of annual maximum flow. Flood quantiles (>50 years) calculated from palaeoflood+gauged data showed 30%–40% higher peak discharges than those using only instrumental records, whereas when increasing the catchment area (1500 km2) the discharge estimation variance decreased to ~15%. The results reflect the higher sensitivity of small catchments to changes on flood magnitude and frequency due to climate variability whereas a larger catchment buffers the response due to the limited extent of convective storms. Our findings show that extended flood records provide robust knowledge about hazardous flooding that can assist in the prioritization of low-regret actions for flood-risk adaptation to climate change.
Numerical Simulation of Flow Velocity Characteristics during Capsule Hydraulic Transportation in a Horizontal Pipe
Authors: Li Fei , Li Yongye , Sun Xihuan , Yang Xiaoni
Published: April 2020

Capsule hydraulic transportation is a kind of low-carbon and environmentally friendly pipeline transportation technique. In this study, the flow velocity characteristics in the pipeline when the capsule is transported in a straight pipe section were simulated by adopting the RNG (Renormalization Group) k–ε turbulence model based on Fluent software and experimentally verified. The results showed that the simulated value of flow velocity in the pipeline was basically consistent with the experimental value during transportation of the material by the capsule, and the maximum relative error was no more than 6.7%, proving that it is feasible to use Fluent software to simulate the flow velocity characteristics in the pipeline when the capsule is transported in a straight pipe section. In the process of material transportation, the flow velocity distribution of the cross-section near the upstream and downstream sections of the capsule was basically the same, which increased with the increased length–diameter ratio of the capsule. The axial flow velocity was smaller in the middle of the pipe and larger near the inner wall of the pipe. From the inner wall to the center of the pipe, the radial flow velocity first increased and then decreased. The circumferential flow velocity was distributed in the vicinity of the support body of the capsule. The axial flow velocity of the annular gap section around the capsule first increased and then decreased from the inner wall of the pipe to the outer wall of the capsule. In the process of transporting materials, the influence of the capsule on the flow of its downstream section was greater than that of its upstream section. These results could provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the technical parameters of capsule hydraulic transportation.
Scientific rationale for the use of dietary supplements based on Ganoderma luсidum in the comprehensive prevention of dental caries in children
Authors: Nurmatova N. T. , Kayumova V. R. , Rakhmatullaeva D. U. , Khodzhaeva F. Kh.
Published: April 2020

Relevance. Numerous studies on the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of decay of temporary teeth objectify the relevance of this problem. Currently used fluoride preparations are very effective, but nonetheless, there is an increase in caries from year to year. Therefore, as an addition to fluorine preparations, the use of dietary supplements based on Ganoderma Lucidum has been proposed.

Purpose. Conduct an open, randomized study of the dietary supplements based on the Ganoderma Lucidum in the comprehensive prevention of dental caries in children.

Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, 78 children aged 3 to 12 years were examined in terms of indicators: estimates of the prevalence of caries (%), the intensity of caries (CSD – carious, sealed, distant and CFS – carious, filled surfaces), the simplified OHI-S index (Green-Wermillion), CPITN, and oral cavity IG according to Kuzmina EM. (2000). All children, depending on the prevalence of caries, were divided into 2 groups: group 1 – the main (41 children, age 6.4 ± 4.8 years) – for complex prevention, fluoride preparations were used with dietary supplements based on Ganoderma Lucidum, group 2 – comparison group (37 children, age 7.3 ± 3.7 years) – fluorine preparations were used for complex prophylaxis.

Results. After 4 months of application of the dietary supplements based on Ganoderma Lucidum, an improvement in oral hygiene was recorded. So, in the main group, IG improved by 57% and amounted to 0.21 ± 0.02, in the comparison group – by 33% and amounted to 0.52 ± 0.03 (p≤0.05). In the comparison group, before the use of fluoride preparations, the% of sanitized was 63%, whereas after the use of fluorine this indicator was 72%. The CSD index before application was 3.32 ± 0.01 and after application was 2.56 ± 0.02. CPITN before use was 1.2 ± 0.04 whereas after use it was 0.76 ± 0.03. OHI-S before application was 40.03% and after application of fluorine it was 21.05%. The increase in caries before the use of fluorine was 0.76 ± 0.04 and after the use of fluorine was 0.33 ± 0.02.

Conclusions. The use of dietary supplements based on Ganoderma Lucidum in combination with fluorine preparations is more appropriate for a comprehensive prevention program than the usual use of fluorine preparations.
Modern approaches to correction of dental and speech disorders in children with motor disorders
Authors: Danilova M. A. , Zalazaeva E. A.
Published: April 2020

Relevance. An important modern medical and social problem is child disability, as it is one of the most important characteristics of public health and social well-being of the country, and also serves as an indicator of the health of the child population and the quality of medical care for children and their mothers. The specificity of children's disability is that the limitations of life arise in the period of active formation of higher mental functions, assimilation of knowledge and skills, in the period of formation of personality. Purpose. To improve the quality of comprehensive rehabilitation of children with motor disorders, having dental and speech disorders, based on the introduction of improved standards of medical and social rehabilitation and habilitation services.

Materials and methods. The cohort of patients included in the study was represented by 120 disabled children with motor disorders in the form of spastic forms of cerebral paralysis, having dental anomalies and speech defects, the average age was 8.7 years ± 1.2 years. In the course of an open controlled prospective clinical study, neurological and dental status, psycho-speech development in the dynamics before and after treatment and rehabilitation measures were evaluated.

Results. Data on the frequency and structure of dental anomalies and speech disorders in children with different clinical variants of spastic forms of cerebral paralysis were obtained.

Conclusions. It is shown that contemporary approaches to correction of dental and speech disorders in children with motor disorders give a positive result and should be carried out continuously from an early age until the maximum possible correction of lost functions is achieved.
Changes of clinical and laboratory oral homeostasis parameters in schoolchildren in the context of testing of a regional-specific model of school dental service in Omsk
Authors: Skripkina G. I. , Burnashova T. I.
Published: April 2020

Relevance. The problem of dental caries in children remains unsolved. The traditional model of organizing preventive care in the Russian Federation has substantial flaws that do not allow to solve the problem of high dental morbidity rate among children.

Purpose. To evaluate the change of clinical and laboratory parameters of oral homeostasis in children in the context of testing of the regional model of school dental service in Omsk.

Materials and methods. In this work we have studied clinical and laboratory parameters of oral homeostasis in 12-year-old children in the context of testing of the regional model of school dental service. We have analyzed average values of these parameters in the test group (new preventive treatment program participants) and the comparison group (the traditional preventive model in school dental service) 3, 6, and 12 months after the observation, as well as in the control group (children who received no preventive treatment). On the basis of the data obtained, we evaluated the efficacy of our regional model of school dental service in Omsk [6]. The following indices were used for an objective assessment of children’s oral hygiene and periodontal condition: Fedorov-Volodka hygiene index, OHI-S, PMA (Parma), DMFT, CPI (Complex periodontal index), Level of caries intensity, CPITN. The following laboratory parameters were studied: pH, buffer capacity, product of the solubility, surface tension, total calcium and inorganic phosphorus. The statistical processing of the results was done with «Statistica 8.0» with the use of Wilcoxon criteria, Mann-Whitney test, one-way analysis of variance (Friedman's ANOVA), and Kruskal-Wallis’s ANOVA. Pair correlations were determined using Spearman's Rcoefficient of correlation, and multiple correlations were determined using cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling.

Results. The new region-specific model of preventive treatment with participation of a dental hygienist demonstrated significant improvements of the parameters of oral homeostasis, different from analogous parameters in children who followed the traditional model of preventive treatment.

Conclusions. In the course of one year, the regional model of operation for school dental service, developed and tested in the Omsk region, demonstrated positive changes in the dental morbidity rate in 12-year-old children compared to the traditional model of preventive dental treatment. Thus, the solution to high morbidity rate of dental caries and periodontal diseases in children is possible on the condition of priority development of region-specific preventive treatment for the regional dental service.
Dinámica y desempeño de los fondos de pensión en México (1997-2018): un análisis de volatilidad condicional con cambios estructurales
Authors: Martínez-Preece Marissa R. , Sosa Castro Miriam , Zubieta-Badillo Carlos
Published: April 2020

El objetivo es analizar la volatilidad condicional de los rendimientos del sistema de pensiones, la dinámica de la volatilidad y los cambios estructurales durante el periodo (julio/1997-abril/2018). La metodología corresponde a modelos GARCH (1,1), se estimó un modelo autorregresivo con cambio de régimen markoviano MS-AR, distinguiendo entre dos regímenes de volatilidad. La contribución consiste en ofrecer un análisis de la volatilidad del sistema de pensiones, mediante la detección de los cambios de régimen. Se concluyó que los rendimientos se encuentran en dos regímenes, alta y baja volatilidad, con aproximadamente la misma probabilidad.
Estimation of the period of permanence of Cordia americana seedlings in protected environment
Authors: Trautenmüller Jonathan William , Borella Juliane , Costa Junior Sergio , Balbinot Rafaelo , Carvalho Renata Reis de , Woycikievicz Antonio Pedro Fragoso
Published: April 2020

The use of new tools as the technical criterion of interception of the curves of average daily increment and current daily are useful for indicating the optimal period of permanence of the plants in the protected environment. The objective of this study was to determine the length of stay of the Cordia americana (Linnaeus) Gottshling & JE Mill seedlings in protected environment based on the morphological parameters height, base diameter and total dry mass of the seedlings and in the intercept between daily increment curves and increment daily average.  The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, with subdivided plots with a 2 x 2 factorial scheme. The criteria were defined based on the growth curves and intercept between curves of daily increment and average daily increment. The volume of substrate that could be explored by the root system and the density of seedlings per tray influenced the growth, in general larger seedlings were obtained in larger tubes. The period of stay of the seedlings in the nursery varies from 150 to 250 days depending on the treatment used using the dry mass as a quality parameter. The technical criterion used to intercept the curves of daily increment and average daily increment is useful in decision making, with a view to the evaluation of the quality standard of the seedlings.
The anatomy as a tool for the identification of the bark of Pterocarpus angolensis and Terminalia sericea
Authors: Quilhó Teresa , Bessa Fernanda , Ribeiro-Barros Ana Isabel , Ribeiro Natasha
Published: April 2020

Pterocarpus angolensis and Terminalia sericea are two African species with medicinal potential. Despite the importance of their bark as a powerful astringent to treat various diseases it is poor described. In order to provide referential information for correct identification and standardization of the plant material, bark samples from each two species were collected and analyzed under light and electron microscopy. Some important anatomical features to identification were: the sclerenchyma tissue mostly in form of fibre-sclereids and the large secretory cells arranged in conspicuous rows or tangential bands in the conducting phloem in P. angolensis; the crystalliferous cells arranged in very regular tangential rows (druses) and the occurrence of large crystal cells near or including the tangential fibre bundles in T. sericea bark.The results obtained show that the anatomy of the bark can be used as an important subsidy in identification and standardization of the studied species contributing the scientific knowledge for more effective forms of scrutiny in preventing commercial adulteration of species.
PERAYAAN EKARISTI SEBAGAI SUMBER DAN PUNCAK SELURUH HIDUP KRISTIANI
Authors: Ardijanto Don Bosco Karnan
Published: April 2020

The Eucharist is the source and summit of the Christian life. Many faithful celebrate the Eucharist: some experience the Eucharist's impact, but many do not feel the impact of the Eucharist on their daily lives. The Eucharist is the memory of Christ's sacrifice on the cross. He himself is present at the Eucharist. Therefore the Eucharist is a source of grace and blessing to the lives of the faithful: to bring the fruits of redemption and to be the source of life for the faithful; building–living–reviving the Church. The Eucharist is also a source of repentance and forgiveness as well as a source for developing faith, hope, and love. The Eucharist is the offering of Christ and His Church. Therefore, in the Eucharist the faithful offer their entire lives to be transformed into a source of life and blessing for them and the whole world. In the spirit of repentance, the faithful are also called to offer themselves in faith, hope and love. Celebrating the Eucharist and seriously believing its truths will illuminate the daily lives of the faithful and grow in love for the Eucharist, so that they grow in love for God and others in Christ.
DAMPAK PEMBELAJARAN REFLEKTIF BAGI CALON GURU AGAMA KATOLIK TERHADAP PANGGILAN KEGURUAN
Authors: Wijaya Albert I Ketut Deni , Gaudiawan Antonius Virdei Eresto
Published: April 2020

Many research has been done on reflective learning. Various studies have shown that reflective learning has a positive impact on students in capturing learning material. Seeing the results of the study, researchers wanted to see how reflective learning can help prospective Catholic teacher teachers increasingly become teachers. Becoming a true teacher is a noble calling, even more so becoming a religious teacher. Because being a religious teacher is not enough to just convey material or transfer knowledge but it must also be accompanied by example in everyday attitudes and actions. Based on the situation above, the researcher formulated 2 problems. First, what is the reflective learning model given to prospective Catholic teachers? Second, how does reflective learning impact Catholic teacher candidates on teacher vocations? This research uses descriptive qualitative research. Data collection techniques were carried out using the FGD (Focus Group Discussion) method. Analysis of qualitative research is inductive. Based on the results of the study, it was found that reflective learning had a great impact on the vocational vocations of Prospective Catholic Religious Teachers. Thus, reflective learning models really need to be developed in the learning process for prospective religious teachers.
Low-Level Laser Irradiation Modulated Viability of Normal and Tumor Human Lymphocytes In Vitro
Authors: Saghaei Bagheri Hesam , Rasta Seyed Hossein , Mohammadi Seyedeh Momeneh , Rahimi Ali Akbar Rahim , Movassaghpour AliAkbar , Nozad Charoudeh Hojjatollah
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Laser radiation is a promising strategy against various malignancies. Recent studies have shown that the application of low-power laser therapy (LPLT) at different doses and exposure times could modulate the growth dynamic of tumor cells. Based on the type of laser, LPLT could potentially trigger cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in different cell lines. Methods: In this study, MTT assay was used to monitor the effect of low and high laser intensities on the viability of normal and cancer lymphocytes. The protein levels of Ki-67 (a proliferation marker) and Caspase-3 (an apoptosis factor) were measured in human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the B-lymphoblastic cell line (Nalm-6) using flow cytometry after being-exposed to 630-nm LPLT at low (2, 4, 6, and 10 J/cm2 ) and high (15, 30, 60, and 120 J/cm2 ) energy densities in a continuous mode for 48 and 72 hours. Results: By using higher energy densities, 60 and 120 J/cm2 , a significant decrease was shown in the viability of Nalm-6 cells, which reached 6.6 and 10.1% after 48 hours compared to the control cells (P<0.05). Notably, Cell exposure to doses 30, 60, and 120 J/cm2 yielded 7.5, 12.9, and 21.6 cell viability reduction after 72 hours. The collected data showed that the high-intensity parameters of LPLT (15 to 120 J/cm2 ) promoted significant apoptotic changes in the exposed cells coincided with the activation of Caspase-3 compared to the none-treated control cells (P<0.05). The data further showed the stimulation of the Ki-67 factor both in primary PBMCs and the lymphoblastic cell line treated with LPLT at energy densities of 4 and 6 J/cm2 (P<0.05), indicating enhanced cell proliferation. Similar to Nalm-6 cells, primary PBMCs showed apoptosis after 48 hours of being exposed to doses 60, and 120 J/cm2 , indicated by increased Caspase-3 levels (P<0.05). As expected, the Nalm-6 cells were resistant to cytotoxic effects of laser irradiation in the first 48 hours (P>0.05) compared to normal PBMCs. The exposure of Nalm-6 cells to low-intensity laser intensities increased a proliferation rate compared to the PBMCs treated with the same doses. Conclusion: We showed the potency of LPLT in the induction of apoptosis and proliferation in human primary PBMCs and Nalm-6 cells in a dose and time-dependent manner after 72 hours.
Enfermedad Gota: Revisión Bibliográfica
Authors: Araya Ortega Jacqueline
Published: April 2020

La gota es una enfermedad caracterizada por un aumento del ácido úrico, el cual es un producto de desecho del catabolismo de las purinas en humanos y es excretado por la orina. Clínicamente, se presenta como una monoartritis inflamatoria aguda y autolimitada que afecta las articulaciones de la extremidad inferior. En cuanto a su clasificación, se divide en gota primaria y secundaria. Para el diagnóstico, el papel del microbiólogo es fundamental, ya que es el que reporta los cristales de ácido úrico, los cuales, correlacionando la clínica y diversos exámenes, podría llevar a la conclusión de la enfermedad de la gota.
FERTILIZACIÓN NITROGENADA EN EL CRECIMIENTO, CONTENIDO DE COMPUESTOS FENÓLICOS Y ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE DE ALBAHACA
Authors: Yépez-Hernández Francisco-Javier , Ferrera-Cerrato Ronald , Alarcón Alejandro , Delgadillo-Martínez Julián , Mendoza-López Ma. Remedios , García-Barradas Óscar
Published: April 2020

Este trabajo evaluó el efecto de seis concentraciones de nitrógeno (N) (0, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 y 100 %) en el crecimiento y respuestas fisiológicas de albahaca (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivada en condiciones de invernadero. Las concentraciones de N fueron aplicadas con la solución nutritiva Long-Ashton que contiene 160.25 μg N mL-1 (100 % N). A los 120 d, se evaluó la altura del tallo (ALT), longitud de raíz (LR), número de hojas (NH), peso seco total (Pstot), área foliar (AF), contenido de compuestos fenólicos solubles totales (CFT), y la actividad antioxidante total (AOX) en hojas. No se observaron diferencias significativas por efecto de la concentración de N en ALT, LR, NH, Pstot y CFT. La aplicación de 100 % N produjo el valor más bajo (424.8 μg g-1) de CFT en comparación con el control (0 % N) que obtuvo 826.9 μg g-1. AF y AOX presentaron diferencias significativas (α = 0.05); las plantas con 75 % N mostraron mayor AF (538 cm2) con respecto al control (297 cm2). La mayor AOX se obtuvo en el tratamiento sin N (5.9 mM g-1), y la menor con 100 % N (3.1 mM g-1). La deficiencia de N no afectó el crecimiento vegetal, pero aumentó el CFT y la AOX, lo que conviene considerar para mejorar sus propiedades nutraceúticas.
VARIABILIDAD MORFOLÓGICA DE Phaseolus lunatus L. SILVESTRE DE LA REGIÓN OCCIDENTE DE MÉXICO
Authors: López-Alcocer José de J. , Lépiz-Ildefonso Rogelio , González-Eguiarte Diego R. , Rodríguez-Macías Ramón , López-Alcocer Eduardo
Published: April 2020

Para conocer la variabilidad de poblaciones silvestres de Phaseolus lunatus L. originarias del occidente de México, se hizo la caracterización morfológica de 30 colectas. El experimento se estableció en Zapopan, Jalisco, México, en invernadero, en surcos de 4 m de longitud por población. La caracterización se efectuó en 10 plantas seleccionadas al azar con 25 descriptores cualitativos y 10 cuantitativos. A las variables cuantitativas se les calculó el coeficiente de correlación, análisis de agrupamiento y componentes principales. Las variables cualitativas color de hipocotilo, color de flores y color de vainas, presentaron diferencias significativas entre poblaciones; los rasgos cuantitativos de mayor variabilidad fueron: longitud y ancho de hoja primaria, longitud y ancho del foliolo central, días a floración, longitud de vaina y peso de 100 semillas. Hubo correlación positiva alta entre el peso de 100 semillas y longitud y ancho de hoja primaria, longitud de vaina y altitud de colecta. El análisis de conglomerados conformó dos grupos: el grupo A de floración tardía y el grupo B de floración precoz, y dentro de cada grupo se detectaron los subgrupos A1 y B1 de semillas pequeñas procedentes de localidades de baja altitud y los subgrupos A2 y B2 de semillas grandes originarios de localidades de mayor altitud. El análisis “Biplot” con los dos primeros componentes principales permitió separar a las poblaciones en tres grupos. El grupo A integrado por poblaciones de semillas grandes procedentes de zonas altas, el grupo B de semillas pequeñas originarias de zonas bajas, y el grupo C intermedio y de mayor diversidad. Los resultados permiten un mejor entendimiento entre las poblaciones silvestres de frijol lima colectadas en el occidente de México.
HETEROSIS DE CRUZAS ENTRE LINEAS DE TOMATE (Solanum lycopersicum L.) NATIVO MEXICANO TIPO PIMIENTO Y LINEAS TIPO SALADETTE
Authors: Martínez-Vázquez Esaú de-los-Ángeles , Lobato-Ortiz Ricardo , García-Zavala J. Jesús , Reyes-López Delfino
Published: April 2020

En México el tomate o jitomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) es una de las hortalizas de mayor importancia por su superficie cultivada, por las divisas y el número de empleos que genera, y por su valor alimenticio y cultural. Sin embargo, el material nativo mexicano “criollo” se ha estudiado poco en cuanto a su rendimiento, calidad, resistencia a factores bióticos y abióticos, y en su potencial como fuente de germoplasma en programas de mejoramiento genético. En este trabajo se evaluó el comportamiento heterótico de 40 cruzas formadas entre 10 líneas S5 derivadas de colectas de jitomate nativo mexicano tipo pimiento, localmente llamado “chino criollo”, y cuatro líneas S5 derivadas de híbridos comerciales de jitomate tipo “saladette”. El experimento se estableció en condiciones de invernadero e hidroponía, en un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones y cinco plantas por repetición. Las variables que se registraron fueron peso total de fruto (PTF), peso promedio de fruto (PPF), número total de frutos (NTF), firmeza del fruto (FF), número de flores del tercer racimo (NFR3), número de racimos por planta (NRP) y días a floración del primer racimo (DF1). Hubo diferencias significativas (P ≤ 0.01) entre genotipos, cruzas, líneas y grupos de materiales para la mayoría de las variables. La cruza de mayor rendimiento fue LOR111R, con 3624 g/planta, seguida del testigo El Cid con 34529 g/planta. En las variables PMF, NTF y NRP las cruzas al menos igualaron y en algunos casos superaron al híbrido testigo. Se obtuvieron valores positivos de heterosis media para la mayoría de las variables, excepto en días a floración. En el rendimiento de fruto la heterosis media varió de -21.8 a 111.2 %, mientras que para PPF fue de -13 a 80.7 %. Los resultados del comportamiento per se de las líneas y de sus cruzamientos indican una amplia divergencia genética, la cual se reflejó en altos rendimiento y alta heterosis media que se pueden aprovechar en programas de mejoramiento genético de jitomate.