bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic review on botanical background, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Nymphaea nouchali
Authors: Sarma Himshikhar , Sahariah Gunjan , Bharadwaj Abhilash , Sharma Dipjyoti , Porasar Pollobi , Dutta Koushik Nandan
Published: December 2024

Background: Nymphaea nouchali is a widely distributed aquatic plant prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas, flourishing in freshwater habitats. It is widely recognized as the water lily. Historically, it has been utilized in several medical systems to address conditions such as diabetes, liver diseases, and urinary tract issues. The plant comprises several bioactive substances, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and alkaloids, which enhance its therapeutic qualities. This review examines the botanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological characteristics of Nymphaea nouchali to evaluate its medicinal potential. Methodology: This review combines data from previous botanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological research on Nymphaea nouchali. The bioactive components extracted from the plant were examined for their therapeutic capabilities. The pharmacological effects, encompassing antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and anticancer properties, were assessed by several in vitro and in vivo experimental methods. Results: A phytochemical study identified the presence of substances, including nymphal, gallic acid, and quercetin. These chemicals are associated with notable biological functions. Alkaloids and tannins had antibacterial activities, but phenolic compounds and flavonoids showed potent antioxidant capabilities. The herb demonstrated antinociceptive properties. Initial investigations suggested possible anticancer effects on some cell lines; nevertheless, further study is required. Conclusion: Nymphaea nouchali shows significant pharmacological potential due to its many bioactive components. Although traditional medicinal usage supports its therapeutic benefits, further preclinical and clinical investigations are necessary to validate its efficacy and safety for pharmaceutical uses.
Development of hesperidin solid dispersion for improved solubility and dissolution using mannitol and PVP K30 as carriers
Authors: Swarup Pallavi , Agrawal Gopal Prasad
Published: December 2024

Background: Despite its six-hour half-life, Hesperidin, a bioflavonoid with therapeutic benefits, has low water solubility and bioavailability. This limits treatment. This study improved hesperidin solubility and dissolution by making solid dispersions using appropriate carriers. Methodology: Solid dispersions of hesperidin were prepared using two methods: kneading and solvent evaporation. The carriers utilized in the study were polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30) and mannitol. The formulations were evaluated based on various parameters, including yield, solubility, dissolution rate, drug content, and structural analysis using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Results: Solid dispersions yielded 81.2% to 97.5% by weight and included 93.7% to 98.4% drug content. Hesperidin's solubility increased 3.72- to 24.05-fold, with a maximum drug release of 64.06% within 30 minutes. Comparatively, formulations with mannitol as the carrier demonstrated higher solubility (24.05 times) and dissolution (54.06%) than those containing PVP K30 (20.16 times and 34.36%). Discussion: Different carriers alter hesperidin solubility and dissolution. Mannitol improved drug release more than PVP K30. XRD and DSC experiments showed hesperidin's crystalline character changed in solid dispersions, possibly explaining its improved dissolving. IR spectroscopy showed physical dispersion because medication and carriers did not interact chemically. Conclusion: The study showed that solid dispersing hesperidin improves its solubility and dissolution. Drug release was greater with mannitol than with PVP K30. Solid dispersion formulations may improve the bioavailability of poorly soluble medicines like hesperidin.
PARADIGM SHIFT FROM PEDAGOGY TO ANDRAGOGY TO HEUTAGOGY IN TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Jyotirmoy School of Education,  West Bengal, India, Sasi Reshmi
Published: December 2024

The science of educating children is called pedagogy; the science of teaching adults is called andragogy; and the science of learning on one's own is called heutagogy. Differentiated learning understandings are impacted by 21st-century pedagogy, andragogy, and heutagogy, which acknowledge learner needs and knowledge base preparation. However, how much may theories of knowledge, learning, and information acquisition change the way that people define the learner? In order to improve differentiation and understanding in the areas of learning, knowledge, focus, preparedness, principles, sequencing, etc., it is therefore necessary to reconsider epistemological understandings with regard to the adult learner. In today’s fast-paced educational environment, teaching approaches are evolving to cater to the changing needs of the learner. When designing effective learning strategies, it’s essential to understand the critical differences between pedagogy, andragogy and heutagogy. Each approach offers distinct benefits and is suited to different types of learners. The influence on instruction and learning quickly changes and transforms in novel and fascinating ways. This paper will discuss these three leading approaches and how they can be applied in modern education.
СТУДЕНТТЕРДІҢ ЭМОЦИОНАЛДЫ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТІСІ: ЗЕРТТЕУ НӘТИЖЕЛЕРІ
Authors: КУАНЖАНОВА К.Т.  , СМАИЛОВА Г.С.
Published: December 2024

Бұл мақалада заманауи білім беру жүйесінің трансформациясы және студенттердің эмоционалдық интеллектінің (EQ) маңыздылығы қарастырылады. Білім беру үрдісінде студенттердің мобильділігін арттыру, жеке білім беру траекториясын қалыптастыру және оқу жағдайларына бейімделу қабілетін дамыту маңызды болып отыр. Осы орайда, эмоционалды интеллекттің оқу және кәсіби өмірдегі рөлі ерекше атап өтілген. Эмоционалды интеллектті дамытудың қажеттілігі студенттердің стресстік жағдайларды жеңуге, қарым-қатынастарды жақсартуға және кәсіби бейімделуге көмектеседі.Мақалада эмоцияларды тану, түсіну және басқару қабілеттері бойынша бірнеше теориялар мен модельдер талданады. Д.Гоулманның, П.Саловей мен Д.Майердің, Р.Бар-Онның және Д.В.Люсинаның эмоционалды интеллекттің компоненттері мен оның адам өміріндегі маңызы туралы тұжырымдары қарастырылған. Эмоционалды интеллекттің негізінде өз эмоцияларын бақылау, эмпатия, басқа адамдармен тиімді қарым-қатынас орнату және стресстік жағдайлармен күресу дағдылары жатқандығы анықталды. Зерттеу барысында жоғары оқу орындарының студенттерінің эмоционалдық интеллект деңгейі анықталды. Нәтижелер көрсеткендей, студенттердің эмоционалдық интеллектісі көбінесе орташа деңгейде, бірақ өз эмоцияларын түсіну және басқару қабілеті төмен болып шықты. Осыған орай, студенттерге арналған арнайы бағдарламалар мен тренингтер, оның ішінде арт-терапия әдістері арқылы эмоционалдық интеллектті дамыту ұсынылады.
Erken Çocukluk Eğitiminde Dijitalleşmenin Fiziksel Mekâna Etkisi
Authors: Deval Özge
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışma, dijital teknolojilerin erken çocukluk eğitimine entegrasyonunun eğitim ortamlarının mekânsal tasarım ve düzenlemelerine olan etkisini kapsamlı bir şekilde incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Özellikle 0-5 yaş grubundaki çocukların artan ekran süreleri, fiziksel öğrenme ortamlarının dijital medya ile uyumlu hale getirilmesini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Çalışma, literatür taraması yöntemiyle farklı ülkelerdeki erken çocukluk eğitim mekânlarında uygulanmakta olan dijitalleşme pratiklerini analiz ederek bu dönüşümün olumlu ve olumsuz yönlerini değerlendirmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, dijital araçlarla desteklenen ve ilgi alanlarına göre düzenlenmiş öğrenme köşelerinin, çocukların yaratıcılığını ve öğrenme deneyimini güçlendirdiğini göstermektedir. Ancak, dijitalleşmenin her bağlamda aynı derecede etkili olamayabileceği ve mekân tasarımında dengeli bir yaklaşımın gerekliliği vurgulanmaktadır. Dijital teknolojilerin mekânsal düzen üzerindeki etkilerinin, çocukların gelişimsel ihtiyaçlarını destekleyecek şekilde planlanması gerektiği belirtilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma, dijitalleşmenin erken çocukluk eğitimindeki mekânsal tasarıma yönelik etkilerini ortaya koyarken, gelecekte yapılacak araştırmaların dijital araçların çocuk gelişimi üzerindeki uzun vadeli etkilerini daha detaylı bir şekilde incelemesini önermektedir.
El Arte como estrategia lúdica para fortalecer los procesos de aprendizaje en lecto escritura grado primero
Authors: Conde lozano Karoll juliana , Diaz Llorente Mayerli Cecilia
Published: December 2024

El presente artículo expone la importancia de implementar estrategias lúdicas en los procesos de enseñanza dentro de la Institución Etnoeducativa San Pedro Claver, sede Inmaculada Concepción; la cual estará dirigida a la población infantil del grado primero, ubicada en el Municipio de Momil, Córdoba, Colombia. La metodología utilizada en esta investigación fue de enfoque cualitativo con el tipo de diseño de investigación- acción. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo fortalecer los procesos de la lectoescritura a través el arte en los niños de grado primero en la Institución Educativa Inmaculada Concepción. La población que se utilizará será la Institución Etnoeducativa San Pedro Claver sede Inmaculada y la muestra de 23 niños y 1 docente de grado primero. Los resultados obtenidos fueron positivos, ya que se logró dar solución a la problemática del arte como estrategia lúdica para Fortalecer los procesos de la lecto escritura a través el arte en los niños de grado primero en la Institución Etnoeducativa San Pedro Claver sede Inmaculada Concepción. Tras observar y analizar la integración de actividades artísticas, como el dibujo, la pintura, el teatro y la música, en las sesiones de lectoescritura tuvo un impacto positivo en el desarrollo de habilidades de lectura y escritura en los estudiantes los estudiantes tuvieron la oportunidad de aprender de manera significativa al integrar el arte en los procesos de la enseñanza aprendizaje, utilizando estrategias lúdicas como herramientas pedagógicas
A Systematic Literature Review On Building Resilient Supply Chains Through Circular Economy And Digital Twin Integration
Authors: Islam Md Tahmidul
Published: December 2024

The integration of circular economy (CE) principles and digital twin (DT) technologies has emerged as a transformative approach to enhancing supply chain resilience in the face of dynamic global challenges. This study systematically reviews 120 peer-reviewed articles to examine the synergistic benefits of CE-DT integration, focusing on their combined impact on sustainability, operational efficiency, and risk mitigation. The review identifies significant advancements in reverse logistics, resource recovery, and supply chain transparency facilitated by DT's real-time monitoring and predictive analytics, aligned with CE's emphasis on waste reduction and lifecycle optimization. Industry-specific applications in healthcare, automotive, and electronics sectors are explored, highlighting CE-DT’s adaptability and effectiveness. However, critical gaps persist, including the lack of unified frameworks, limited empirical studies on long-term impacts, and challenges in cross-industry knowledge transfer. This systematic review synthesizes evidence to provide actionable insights, emphasizing the potential of CE-DT integration as a robust framework for achieving sustainable and resilient supply chains. The findings serve as a valuable resource for researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers seeking innovative solutions to modern supply chain challenges.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Hormonal Contraceptives and Incidences of ADR among Users
Authors: Sharma Surachhya
Published: December 2024

Hormonal birth control interferes with the feedback loop that regulates progesterone and oestrogen release, affecting ovulation, fertilisation, implantation, or all three. Proper contraceptive use and counselling could prevent unwanted births and their harmful repercussions. This study evaluated the consumer and dispenser knowledge and common practices about hormonal contraceptive usage and side effects. The descriptive cross-sectional study included N=376 married reproductive-age women from two health institutions and one family planning clinic. A study of 50 retail pharmacies described their dispensing practices. Injection users made up 51.1%, oral contraceptives 23.9%, and implants 25%. 56.6 percent used contraception after first child. 0.8% of users had 5 children and 8.5% had none. 38% of respondents select a hormonal contraceptive for its efficacy. 27.9% available 0.3% cost-choice. 26.6% of respondents got hormonal contraceptives from pharmacies (community shops) and 21.3% from government health organisations. For hormonal contraceptives users, less than 50% got counselling. Missed dosage information was incorrect in 6% of women. As side effects, implant, injection, and pill women encountered weight increase (50.5%, 33.5%, and 33.5%, respectively) and prolonged bleeding (33.3%, 79.7%, and 41.1%). Headaches affected 42% of pill users. 62.7 percent of users sought a doctor or health worker after adverse effects, whereas 2.0 percent switched devices. Side effects drove 84.1% of implant users away. The dispensers advised users on side effects 86% of the time. After studying hormonal contraceptives, tablets were chosen for their availability and efficacy. Users of hormonal contraceptives are more sensitive to side effects, but their awareness and practices are good.
Pengaruh Cost Control Dan Benchmarking Terhadap Financial Competitiveness Pengelolaan Keuangan Mind Id Tahun 2022
Authors: Siagian Tohonan Evangelista , Leksono Totok Minto
Published: December 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh cost control dan benchmarking terhadap financial competitiveness pengelolaan keuangan BUMN Holding Industri Pertambangan Indonesia yaitu Mining Industry Indonesia (MIND ID) baik secara parsial maupun secara simultan pada periode tahun 2022. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan regresi korelasi. Selanjutnya data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner kemudian diuji melalui uji asumsi klasik dan uji linear berganda. Sampel penelitian adalah 100 responden pegawai yang bekerja di bidang keuangan MIND ID menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cost control dan benchmarking secara parsial maupun simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap financial competitiveness pengelolaan keuangan di MIND ID. Hasil uji hipotesis adalah cost control dan benchmarking berpengaruh positif terhadap financial competitiveness pengelolaan keuangan dengan nilai f hitung (25,725) > f tabel (19) dan alpha 5%. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pentingnya meningkatkan perencanaan dan efisiensi dalam pengelolaan keuangan guna mencapai tujuan organisasi MIND ID dan membawa Indonesia bersaing dalam pasar tambang dunia.
Analisis Sistem Kolaborasi Lembaga Kemasyarakat Desa
Authors: Azhar Ade Wahyuni , Ramadhani Aqila Nasya
Published: December 2024

Kolaborasi internal Pemerintah Desa Bulu Cina dengan Lembaga Kemasyarakatan Desa (LKD) memberikan dampak positif bagi kemajuan kesejahteraan masyarakat desa. Keterlibatan pelaku masyarakat dan komunitas di tingkat lokal merupakan langkah strategis dalam pengelolaan dana desa untuk memberikan dampak yang transparan dan akuntabel, sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam model tata kelola kolaboratif sehingga hasil pembangunan menjadi lebih dirasakan manfaatnya oleh masyarakat Desa Bulu Cina. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Teknik pengambilan informan dilakukan secara snowball sampling dengan tetap menjaga independensi dalam mengemukakan pendapat. Metode pengumpulan data dengan wawancara mendalam, observasi dan analisis dokumen. Analisis data dilakukan secara interaktif, mulai dari pengumpulan data, kondensasi data, display data, dan simpulan penelitian yang ditarik dan dipadukan dengan display data deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses kolaboratif belum berjalan dengan baik, terlihat dari pemilihan pengurus LKD masih berdasarkan penunjukan Kepala Desa dan belum memiliki perwakilan dari masing-masing dusun. Namun seiring berjalannya waktu, telah terjadi kesepahaman antara pemerintah Desa Bulu Cina dengan Lembaga Kemasyarakatan Desa (LKD).
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS NA EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS
Authors: Barros Daltro de Castro - Serrinha, BA (Brasil) Selma , Cruz de Jesus Santos - Serrinha, BA (Brasil) Rosilene , Moura de Queiroz - Serrinha, BA (Brasil) Gildaite
Published: December 2024

Este artigo focaliza a discussão sobre políticas públicas na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), problematizando um recorte da produção científica que versa sobre o assunto. A questão de pesquisa foi: como têm sido abordadas as discussões sobre políticas públicas na EJA, no Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Educação de Jovens e Adultos (MPEJA) entre os anos de 2015 a 2018, a partir das dissertações disponíveis? Como objetivos delineou-se: analisar a EJA como política pública educacional, evidenciando cenários históricos, legislação e sujeitos; mapear as produções disponíveis no MPEJA, entre os anos de 2015 a 2018, identificando fundamentação teórica, propostas metodológicas, as abordagens nos trabalhos investigados e demais aspectos. O percurso metodológico pautou-se na pesquisa qualitativa, inspirado no Estado de Conhecimento (EC), fundamentando-se em: Arroyo (2017), Paulo Freire (1989). Após a análise, obteve-se como resultado a identificação de 6 (seis) trabalhos que versam sobre políticas públicas para EJA. Constatou-se a identificação de alguns avanços nas políticas públicas para a EJA, com a oferta de ações e/ou programas voltados para a modalidade. No entanto, identificou-se certa fragilidade nessas políticas/programas, pois foram todos temporários e não asseguram a permanência desses sujeitos na escola.
UMA PROPOSTA DE SÍNTESE SOBRE OS ASPECTOS LIBERALIZANTES NAS REFORMAS EDUCACIONAIS DO SÉCULO XIX (1827-1890)
Authors: Adriano Rodrigues da Silva - Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brasil) Bruno , Dias Salgado - Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brasil) Diego
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo diz respeito à História da Educação e examina a Lei das Escolas de Primeiras Letras, de 15 de out. 1827; o Decreto-lei nº. 1.331-A, de 17. de fev. 1854, conhecido como a Reforma Couto Ferraz; o Decreto-lei nº. 7.247, de 19 de abr. 1879, denominado de Reforma Leôncio de Carvalho e o Decreto-lei nº. 981, de 8 de nov. 1890, nomeado como Reforma Benjamin Constant, considerando as concepções de Educação e Sociedade presentes no Brasil oitocentista. O trabalho sistemático com a legislação educacional do século XIX ocorreu à luz de um contexto social, da descrição das fontes e da proposição de uma tabela que sistematizou as diretrizes nos documentos de políticas públicas educacionais. Concluímos que no contexto social havia uma pluralidade de sujeitos históricos, grupos associativos e instituições favoráveis a uma Política Educacional do Estado no Brasil. As dimensões civilizatórias tinham em conta que a Educação nacional era um instrumento de poder e uma forma de construção de um imaginário liberal.
DIÁLOGOS NO ENSINO MÉDIO SOBRE ORIENTAÇÃO SEXUAL E GÊNERO NAS DISCIPLINAS DE BIOLOGIA E SOCIOLOGIA
Authors: Portela Neto , Rodarte Lucas Thiago
Published: December 2024

Este trabalho explora a inclusão de diálogos sobre orientação sexual e gênero nas disciplinas de Biologia e Sociologia no ensino médio, destacando as percepções e práticas dos professores, os desafios enfrentados e as oportunidades para a promoção de uma educação sexual inclusiva. Utilizando uma abordagem qualitativa, foram analisados estudos recentes que abordam a educação sexual e a inclusão de temas de gênero e orientação sexual, bem como documentos curriculares nacionais como os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCNs) e a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC). Os resultados indicam que, embora haja uma consciência crescente sobre a importância desses temas, os professores enfrentam barreiras significativas, incluindo a falta de formação específica, resistência cultural e ideológica, e a inconsistência nos materiais didáticos. A pesquisa sugere que a formação continuada dos professores, a criação de recursos didáticos adequados e a reformulação dos documentos curriculares são passos essenciais para promover uma educação sexual inclusiva e eficaz. Este estudo contribui para a construção de um ambiente educacional que valorize e respeite a diversidade, preparando os estudantes para a convivência em uma sociedade plural e democrática.
LIVRO DIDÁTICO “ENCONTROS LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA”
Authors: Barbosa Soares - Palmas, TO (Brasil) Thiago
Published: December 2024

Este artigo analisa as formações imaginárias do livro didático “Encontros Língua Portuguesa”, adotado no 5º ano do ensino fundamental das escolas públicas tocantinenses. À luz dos operadores analíticos da Análise do Discurso, (condições de produção, formação imaginária e formação discursiva), rastreia-se o funcionamento dessas formações e seus efeitos constitutivos.  Para isso, serão extraídos, da unidade 7 do referido manual, três enunciados descritores da tarefa do professor cujos efeitos constituem o referido profissional. Por fim, verifica-se uma vinculação entre as condições de produção, previstas no manual do professor, e as emergências advindas da dinâmica escolar, constatando um deslocamento das relações existentes entre a sala de aula e sua virtualização no material de apoio.
IDENTIDADE COMO CONSTRUÇÃO SOCIAL
Authors: Alves Landin - Jaraguá, GO (Brasil) Eliza
Published: December 2024

Esse artigo trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, que teve como objetivo discutir os conceitos que compõem a teoria da identidade, a considerar a identidade, a autoidentidade e a diferença, levando em conta que se trata de um tema com fundamental importância para o entendimento a respeito da nossa constituição, enquanto ser social, cultural e histórico. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e bibliográfica, cujo referencial teórico pautou-se em estudiosos da área, tais como como Stuart Hall, Antony Giddens e Vera Candau.  A identidade social forma-se num processo de reconhecimento, que identifica ou diferencia o sujeito, ou seja, não é algo preexistente, mas que passa por situações culturais, sociais e históricas, o que garante, constantemente, a sua construção e reconstrução. Esta discussão faz-se relevante, tendo em vista que é um tema central para que o sujeito compreenda a si mesmo e ao contexto em que se encontra. o estudo possibilitou-nos perceber que a identidade é construída em diferentes contextos, de maneira individual e coletiva, por meio de experiências vividas, que são processadas ao longo da vida.
ESTUDANTES COM DEFICIÊNCIA NO ENSINO SUPERIOR
Authors: Maria Belém Falcão - Fortaleza, CE (Brasil) Giovana , Da Costa Silva - Fortaleza, CE (Brasil) Izabely , Almada Dutra Salmito - Forteleza, CE (Brasil) Vívian
Published: December 2024

Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender como os estudantes com deficiência têm significado suas experiências no curso de Pedagogia de uma universidade pública. Trata-se de estudo de natureza qualitativa, que adota como instrumento metodológico a entrevista semiestruturada realizada com duas estudantes, sendo uma com deficiência intelectual e outra com surdez. O estudo evidenciou que a universidade vem se estruturando para melhor atender os estudantes com deficiência, no entanto, ainda apresenta fragilidades em muitos aspectos para que a inclusão se efetive. As narrativas das estudantes denunciam descaso e sofrimento em função de barreiras atitudinais experienciadas desde a educação básica. O ingresso na universidade constitui-se desafio para as participantes, que vêm buscando superá-los. Resta evidente a necessidade de maior investimento em formação docente e em espaços de diálogo com esses estudantes na universidade.
DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA
Authors: Ecker Daiana Aparecida Furlan , Pontarolo Edilson
Published: December 2024

A inclusão de pessoas com deficiência na sociedade faz parte de um processo de construção de direitos humanos e de respeito às diferenças. O acesso à educação também permeia um projeto que preconiza a acessibilidade e direitos que devem ser assegurados. Atualmente a inclusão de pessoas com deficiência nas escolas é pensada para atender as necessidades específicas de cada caso, com adaptações curriculares, adequação de estrutura física e formação de profissionais especializados. Esse contexto inclusivo vem exigindo que as políticas públicas de acesso sejam cada vez mais repensadas no sentido de proporcionar desenvolvimento dos indivíduos com deficiência e a garantia de equidade. Com base nisso, o presente estudo busca, por meio de uma pesquisa quantitativa descritiva, compreender aspectos da inclusão e acessibilidade com base nos indicadores de acesso de alunos com deficiência nas escolas, no período de 2013 a 2022. A análise está baseada nos dados estatísticos do censo escolar publicados pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacional Anísio Teixeira (INEP). As variáveis são referentes aos quantitativos de escolas, evolução de turmas com alunos inclusos nos níveis da educação básica e aspectos relacionados à acessibilidade. Os principais resultados mostram que o acesso tem aumentado, no entanto ainda há carência, principalmente de estrutura física, para atender esses alunos.
Inertia of peasant farms in European Russia in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries: statistical analysis of data on sown areas and marketability of grain
Authors: Rozinskaya Nataliya Anatol'evna , Chapligina Irina Gennad'evna , Sorokin Aleksandr Sergeevich
Published: December 2024

The article focuses on one of the peculiarities of peasant households’ behavior that distinguishes them from firms' behavior, i.e. an inclination to reduce production output amid improvement of market conditions (a non-market behavior or inertia in the terminology of N.D. Kondratiev). The authors refer to existing literature, which explains this trend, particularly to works of Russian economists, and then they try to check the veracity of this peculiarity using Russian economic data from the early 20th century. The data was compiled ad hoc by the authors based on the official statistical publications. One of the possible methods to prove a posteriori the inertia of peasant households is to analyze peasants’ reaction to grain price fluctuations, i.e. to analyze changes in sown areas in response to changes in grain prices. Based on the analysis of track records of peasant’s grain ploughing in response to grain fluctuations in specific provinces of Russia, the authors find a significant negative correlation. Based on the comparison with the same records for landlord households, the authors infer that the negative correlation is a specific attribute of solely peasant households, thus proving the inertia hypothesis. In addition, an attempt was made to test the hypothesis about a possible change in peasant behavior after the P. A. Stolypin agrarian reform initiated in November 1906. However, the coefficients of the dummy period variable and its product with the price were statistically insignificant, that is, in the six years that have passed since the reform the behavior of peasants regarding the issue under study has not undergone significant changes. The article uses statistical and econometric methods: panel data models with fixed and random effects.
Strategic Site Selection for Bio-LNG Plant in Indonesia: A Multi-Criteria Scoring Method Approach
Authors:   Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia, Oktariani Edma Nadhif , Yuliusman Yuliusman ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
Published: December 2024

In Indonesia, the energy sector is still predominantly reliant on fossil fuels, with renewable energy, including liquefied biomethane (Bio-LNG), playing a limited role. Nonetheless, Indonesia has significant potential for Bio-LNG development due to its abundant organic waste resources such as Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) from palm oil mills. Having approximately 891 Palm Oil Mills in Indonesia and being spread mostly in Sumatra, this study aims to select a strategic location for a Bio-LNG plant that can enhance logistical efficiency and economic viability for the plant. This study uses Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methodologies to assess potential sites based on key criteria: Land Availability, Distance to Source of Feedstock, Distance to Customer Locations, Jetty Availability, and Future Business Developments. This study has narrowed down into focusing on provinces with substantial raw material potential, Riau Province, particularly Dumai City and its surroundings, which emerges as a pivotal hub. Secondary data are gathered to conduct a systematic scoring process evaluates and integrates each criterion to generate a comprehensive ranking of potential sites. The selected site for the Bio-LNG plant is Location 1, at the coordinates of 1.662056, 101.707092, Pelintung, Medang Kampai Subdistrict, Dumai City, Riau. Its strategic positioning, proximity to key transportation routes, availability of abundant feedstock, and access to necessary infrastructure make it an ideal choice. This study aims to advance Bio-LNG infrastructure in Indonesia, promoting cleaner energy solutions, and enhanced supply chain efficiency.
Inspection Program Effectiveness Key Performance Indicator for Pressurized Static Equipment Integrity at Offshore Platform
Authors:   Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424 West Java, Indonesia, Haekal Teuku Ahmad , Soedarsono Johny Wahyuadi ,   Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424 West Java, Indonesia, Munir Badrul ,   Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424 West Java, Indonesia, Masduki Yudi ,   Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424 West Java, Indonesia
Published: December 2024

One of the key challenges in asset integrity management system at offshore platform is the lack
of visibility regarding performance issues and program effectiveness. Without proper performance
measurement systems, it becomes difficult to address positive of negative trends promptly and for
management to stay informed about the status and the impact of the inspection program. Therefore,
Key Performance Indicator (KPI) is needed to measure its effectiveness to prevent undesirable
equipment failures that could lead to Loss of Primary Containment (LOPC) or Process Safety Event (PSE).
The developed KPI is the ratio of the number of non-leak inspection findings with a remaining life of less
than 3 years to the total number of all anomalies with a remaining life of less than 3 years, including leak
findings. By applying this KPI, inspection program effectiveness for an offshore field could be monitored
and improved steadily from 29% in 2018 to 82% in 2023, with some fluctuations in performance before
achieving a strong recovery in later years.
Downregulation of semaphorin 4A in keratinocytes reflects the features of non-lesional psoriasis
Authors: Kume Miki , Koguchi-Yoshioka Hanako , Nakai Shuichi , Matsumura Yutaka , Tanemura Atsushi , Yokoi Kazunori , Matsuda Shoichi , Nakamura Yuumi , Otani Naoya , Taminato Mifue , Tomita Koichi , Kubo Tateki , Wataya-Kaneda Mari , Kumanogoh Atsushi , Fujimoto Manabu , Watanabe Rei
Published: December 2024

Psoriasis is a multifactorial disorder mediated by IL-17-producing T cells, involving immune cells and skin-constituting cells. Semaphorin 4A (Sema4A), an immune semaphorin, is known to take part in T helper type 1/17 differentiation and activation. However, Sema4A is also crucial for maintaining peripheral tissue homeostasis and its involvement in skin remains unknown. Here, we revealed that while Sema4A expression was pronounced in psoriatic blood lymphocytes and monocytes, it was downregulated in the keratinocytes of both psoriatic lesions and non-lesions compared to controls. Imiquimod application induced more severe dermatitis in Sema4A knockout (KO) mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice. The naïve skin of Sema4A KO mice showed increased T cell infiltration and IL-17A expression along with thicker epidermis and distinct cytokeratin expression compared to WT mice, which are hallmarks of psoriatic non-lesions. Analysis of bone marrow chimeric mice suggested that Sema4A expression in keratinocytes plays a regulatory role in imiquimod-induced dermatitis. The epidermis of psoriatic non-lesion and Sema4A KO mice demonstrated mTOR complex 1 upregulation, and the application of mTOR inhibitors reversed the skewed expression of cytokeratins in Sema4A KO mice. Conclusively, Sema4A-mediated signaling cascades can be triggers for psoriasis and targets in the treatment and prevention of psoriasis.
Generativity, comparative grammar, and the syntax vs. the lexicon debates
Authors: Ramchand Gillian Catriona
Published: December 2024

Within linguistic theory, the division of labour between syntax and the lexicon has been a central issue for debate among different architectures of grammar, roughly corresponding to the distinction between memorization and rule governed aspects of language competence. In this article, I give some historical context for these debates, concluding that differences in architectural assumptions are only resolvable ultimately if we are willing to allow these implementational decisions to have consequences for (and make predictions concerning) human behaviours or mental processes. I proceed then to assess the psycholinguistic evidence concerning the lexicon and processing from the cognitive science literature, and offer a reassessment of what this means for the linguistic debates that have dominated discussions of the lexicon to this date. My conclusion will be that some of the comfortable dichotomies often relied on in these discussions are untenable and that some of the classical positions need to be reevaluated.
Workspace as a source of hierarchy in extended projections
Authors: Svenonius Peter
Published: December 2024

Extended projections (EPs) in natural languages have several properties which have not yet been explained. (i) EPs conform to a Hierarchy of Projections (HoP), a crosslinguistically similar hierarchical arrangement of semantically grounded categories. (ii) Each token of an EP is linear, in the sense that it has a single dimension (with specifiers and adjuncts stripped out, it is a string). (iii) HoPs are rooted in a lexical category with conceptual content at the bottom, and a succession of functional elements above. I argue that these properties motivate a particular architecture of the workspaces in which sentences are constructed. I model the workspace as a Finite State Automaton (FSA) with a monotonicity property which underpins hierarchy. The FSA starts from a lexical category (cf. (iii)), `projecting' it into an EP. Transitions correspond to applications of Merge, and states are stages in the derivation. The sequence of states in a path from start to accepting state is a string, the EP (cf. (ii)). The HoP is then the entire FSA, arranged with the start at the bottom and the final state, the complete clause or noun phrase, at the top (cf. (i)).
Book review
Authors: Edwards Fergus
Published: December 2024

Book review
Humor as a representation of community identity
Authors: Priana Ronny Yudhi Septa , Karlinah Siti , Hidayat Dadang Rahmat , Sjuchro Dian Wardiana
Published: December 2024

The presence of humour in every human activity makes it an interesting object of research to explore from the perspective of culture, language, function, and discourse mechanism. The aim of this research is discovering how verbal humour can represent the identity of the Sundanese people, which is expected to contribute to humour research through a cultural perspective. Humorous conversations in Sundanese “Cangehgar” sketches are the object of research chosen to specify the techniques of creating humour and identity represented through the speech and attitude of the speaker. The data were obtained through recording and transcription techniques which were then analysed using Brown & Yule’s discourse analysis approach to explore the hidden meaning in a conversation and Berger’s concept of humour creation to determine the humour creation technique used. The results of the analysis show that humour is constructed using humour creation techniques by utilizing linguistic elements in the form of indirect insults, misunderstandings, and violations of the principles of politeness. The identity of the Sundanese people is represented indirectly through the behaviour and speech of the conversation participants in the form of polite attitudes, responsible, helpful, caring for others, honest and mischievous.
Creative writing in the hands of artificial intelligence
Authors: Suljic Vesna , Pervan Ajla
Published: December 2024

This article investigates how human and artificial intelligence (AI) influence each other and what prospects of this unprecedented coexistence might be in the future in relation to creative writing. Starting from the definition and comparison of different types of natural intelligence and the connection of human intelligence with the development of AI, this short study analyses fourteen Bard-generated application letters for jobs in music or the hospitality industry prompted by three different descriptors: the first group includes four regular application letters; another group includes four humorous texts created by the same program without specific prompts apart from asking them to be humorous; and the third group includes six texts which provide more detailed prompts related to the specificities of humour. The humour analysis is based on the concept of humour transaction schema and takes into account the linguistic, semantic, and socio-cultural characteristics of the humour products. The analysis demonstrated that AI-generated texts can be humorous and entertaining, but that they also lack human imagination in terms of going beyond what is already known. As application of AI language-learning machines and models have been in rapid and diversified expansion worldwide, more questions about the possible risks related to the use of AI language programs and the readership response to AI-created texts are discussed, concluding that AI sets forth new questions in relation to the future of creative writing.
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 5 Patients on Maintenance Haemodialysis: A Prospective Observational Study from a Government Hospital in Central Kerala, India
Authors: Gopinath Biju K , Yaseen Zainab , Karat Arun , Samuel Usha
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused significant mortality among vulnerable populations in India, including patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) on maintenance haemodialysis. The vaccination was the mainstay of prevention. CKD Stage 5 patients requiring haemodialysis have high mortality and poor immune response to many infections, including postvaccination Hepatitis B and Influenza. Antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination in these patients was lower compared to the general population.

Aim: To estimate Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG antibody level in the blood sample of CKD Stage 5 maintenance haemodialysis patients.

Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at the Nephrology department of Government Medical College, Ernakulam, Kerala, India for six months. A total of 55 patients of CKD Stage 5 who were on maintenance haemodialysis were included in the study. The control group consisted of 55 matched close relatives of patients. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels were measured in both groups. Blood samples for antibody testing were drawn from the cases, along with routine monthly tests done before a dialysis session. The blood samples were collected simultaneously from the controls, sent to the hospital’s central laboratory and processed on the same day. Serum was separated after centrifugation and then stored in small 1 mL Eppendorf tubes/vials and refrigerated at 2-8°C. These serum samples were analysed for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels in both cases and controls within 24 hours, using the Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) method on the VITROS ECiQ Immunodiagnostic system. Relevant data were collected in MS Excel and statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 27.0. An unpaired t-test was applied for comparison, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: Males predominated in the test/case group (43, 78.1%), while females were more prevalent in the control group (42, 76.4%). The comparison of antibody levels between cases and controls showed higher levels in the control group, with a p-value of 0.65, indicating a lack of significance (p-value >0.05). Interestingly, participants vaccinated with Covishield had significantly higher antibody levels at 188.95 BAU/mL compared to those vaccinated with Covaxin or other vaccines, with a p-value of 0.04.

Conclusion: The antibody response in CKD Stage 5 haemodialysis patients was found to be lower compared to the control group; however, the difference was not significant. In the current study, the antibody response to the Covishield vaccine was high compared to other vaccine. Larger sample size studies should be conducted in future to validate the results of the present study, if similar COVID-19 like situation reoccurs.
Cost Reduction Techniques on Firm Performance of Selected Quoted Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria
Authors: O Sunmonu, Sadiat, , J. Odeyale, Adeolu, , S Belau Kazeem.
Published: December 2024

The operational level managers are always faced in identifying the technique that would help in reducing this cost. Based on this challenges this study examines into the impact of cost reduction techniques on firm performance of selected quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study employed panel data that was sourced within 2018 to 2022, from the audited financial statement of ten consumer goods companies listed on the Nigeria Stock Exchange. The panel (static) regression analysis was employed to determine inference between the dependent variable and independent variable. The Eview 10 was employed. The findings reveals that administrative cost and Changes in material cost has negative significant effect on Net profit margin while Changes in turnover has positive significant effect on Net profit margin. It is therefore recommended that companies should focus on reducing administrative cost while still maintaining needful administrative functions like streamlining production process, outsourcing non-core functions and implementation of technology solutions. The companies should focus on cost reduction strategies, budget control, managing materials cots like supplier management and in the long-run boost turnover.
Proximate, Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Compositions of Three Species of Stock Fish Sold in Selected Markets of Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: P.K. Berezi, , K.T. Nwauche, , E.P. Berezi, , E.E. Sunday,
Published: December 2024

Fishes are consumed for their taste, high protein content, amino acids and saturated fatty acids. However, nutritional information on stock fish consumed in Bayelsa State is limited. In this study, proximate, amino acid and fatty acid compositions of three stock fish species (cod, apama and ramsi black cod) from three different markets in Bayelsa State were determined using standard methods. The proximate composition revealed that fibre was high (8.87%) in Apama when compared to Cod (3.85%) and Ramsi black cod (6.73%). Protein content was higher in Cod (13.30%) compared to Apama and Ramsi black cod with values of 11.20% and 10.50% respectively. The carbohydrate content was 60.85% for Ramsi black cod, 60.83% for cod and 46.86% for Apama. Eighteen amino acids were screened in the stockfish samples and glutamate was seen to be higher in all the stockfish samples (14.70, 15.23 and 14.67 g/100 g of Protein) followed by aspartate (12.20, 12.09 and 12.07 g/100 g of Protein) for cod, apama and ramsi black cod respectively when compared with the other amino acids. The result of the fatty acids revealed that twelve fatty acids were seen in the stockfish samples analysed. For cod, Hexadecanoic acid was seen to be higher (21.84 µg/ml), apama, omega 3 fatty acid and Linoleic acid (34.15 µg/ml) while ramsi black cod had oleic acid (41.05 µg/ml) to be higher. The results showed that the fish species are nutritious as they had high protein content, essential and non-essential amino acids and saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Evaluation of the Antimalarial Activity of Garcinia kola Ethanolic Extracts in the Prevention and Treatment of Plasmodium berghei-infected Mice
Authors: Babylon Philemon , Napthtali Rebecca Salau , Emmanuel Wama Binga , Atinga Atimi
Published: December 2024

The present study aimed to evaluate of the anti-malarial activity of Garcinia kola (bitter kola) nut and leaf ethanolic extracts in Treatment of Plasmodium berghei-infected Mice. The two plant parts were collected from its natural breeding site and were processed in the laboratory, the phytochemical quantitative and qualitative analysis was conducted. The experiment was designed to access the curative and prophylactic antimalarial activity of the plant extracts. P. berghei was obtained from a donor mouse. The blood from the donor mouse was collected and diluted with 0.8% normal saline which was used to infect the test-groups used in this experiment. For prophylactic group, the mice were given extracts prior to the infection but for the curative, the mice were infected with the parasite before the administration of the plant extracts. In all cases, the plant extract administration was done by compulsory oral intubations with the aid of cannula and syringe. The curative test results for the nut extract showed dose-dependent parasitemia reduction and suppression, with the highest dose (600 mg/kg) exhibiting 61.82% suppression and a mean survival time (MST) of 17.20±0.23 days. Similarly, the leaf extract at 600 mg/kg demonstrated 39.94% suppression and an MST of 16.28±0.37 days. In the prophylactic test, the nut and leaf extracts exhibited significant parasitemia suppression, with the nut extract at 200 mg/kg achieving 92.36% suppression and an MST of 30.00±0.00 days. These findings suggest that both Garcinia kola nut and leaf ethanolic extracts contain bioactive compounds with notable antimalarial properties.