bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Living fast in the Triassic: New data on life history in Lystrosaurus (Therapsida: Dicynodontia) from northeastern Pangea
Authors: Kulik Zoe T. , Lungmus Jacqueline K. , Angielczyk Kenneth D. , Sidor Christian A.
Published: November 2021

Lystrosauruswas one of the few tetrapods to survive the Permo-Triassic mass extinction, the most profound biotic crisis in Earth’s history. The wide paleolatitudinal range and high abundance ofLystrosaurusduring the Early Triassic provide a unique opportunity to investigate changes in growth dynamics and longevity following the mass extinction, yet most studies have focused only on species that lived in the southern hemisphere. Here, we present the long bone histology from twentyLystrosaurusskeletal elements spanning a range of sizes that were collected in the Jiucaiyuan Formation of northwestern China. In addition, we compare the average body size of northern and southern Pangean Triassic-aged species and conduct cranial geometric morphometric analyses of southern and northern taxa to begin investigating whether specimens from China are likely to be taxonomically distinct from South African specimens. We demonstrate thatLystrosaurusfrom China have larger average body sizes than their southern Pangean relatives and that their cranial morphologies are distinctive. The osteohistological examination revealed sustained, rapid osteogenesis punctuated by growth marks in some, but not all, immature individuals from China. We find that the osteohistology of ChineseLystrosaurusshares a similar growth pattern with South African species that show sustained growth until death. However, bone growth arrests more frequently in the Chinese sample. Nevertheless, none of the long bones sampled here indicate that maximum or asymptotic size was reached, suggesting that the maximum size ofLystrosaurusfrom the Jiucaiyuan Formation remains unknown.
Silencing GhJUB1L1 (JUB1-like 1) reduces cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) drought tolerance
Authors: Chen Qian , Bao Chaoya , Xu Fan , Ma Caixia , Huang Li , Guo Qigao , Luo Ming
Published: November 2021

Drought stress massively restricts plant growth and the yield of crops. Reducing the deleterious effects of drought is necessary for agricultural industry. The plant-specific NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2) transcription factors (TFs) are widely involved in the regulation of plant development and stress response. One of the NAC TF, JUNGBRUNNEN1 (JUB1), has been reported to involve in drought resistance in Arabidopsis. However, little is known of how the JUB1 gene respond to drought stress in cotton. In the present study, we cloned GhJUB1L1, a homologous gene of JUB1 in upland cotton. GhJUB1L1 is preferentially expressed in stem and leaf and could be induced by drought stress. GhJUB1L1 protein localizes to the cell nucleus, and the transcription activation region of which is located in the C-terminal region. Silencing GhJUB1L1 gene via VIGS () reduced cotton drought tolerance, and retarded secondary cell wall (SCW) development. Additionally, the expression of some drought stress-related genes and SCW synthesis-related genes were altered in the GhJUB1L1 silencing plants. Collectively, our findings indicate that GhJUB1L1 may act as a positive regulator in response to drought stress and SCW development in cotton. Our results enriched the roles of NAC TFs in cotton drought tolerance and laid a foundation for the cultivation of transgenic cotton with higher drought tolerance.
COVID-19 and viral anti-Asian racism: A multimodal critical discourse analysis of memes and the racialization of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wu Yan , Wall Matthew
Published: November 2021

This article examines how internet memes both enacted and reproduced racialization of the COVID-19 pandemic. We were motivated to undertake this work by a surge in hatred towards and violence against people with East Asian heritage following the outbreak of COVID-19. We focus on memes because of their ubiquity in contemporary culture and their capacity to both reflect and shape discourses. We conduct a multimodal critical discourse analysis of two prominent memes – juxtaposing a ‘top-down’ process of meme selection and distribution (the sharing of ‘The Kung-Flu Kid’ meme on Instagram by Donald Trump Jr) with a ‘bottom-up’ process (the ‘Corona-chan’ meme that originated on the website 4chan). We situate our study in a growing literature on politicized memes, challenging an emerging consensus that lauds ‘bottom-up’ memes as a democratizing force enabling resistance to hegemony, inequality and injustice. While we do not reject this characterization outright, we add nuance, showing that racialized memetic discourses around COVID-19 were propagated both from the top-down and from the bottom-up. We conclude that memes are particularly powerful communicative tools in racialized discourse because their use of polysemy, humour and cultural reference allows them to subvert the mechanisms that sanction openly racist statements.
Introduction: Television and nostalgia now
Authors: Shaw Caitlin
Published: November 2021

This introduces the following dossier which, inspired by the roundtable panel ‘Streaming the past: Contemporary television, genre and nostalgia’ from the University of Hertfordshire’s 2021 genre/nostalgia conference, explores contemporary television’s relationship to nostalgia amid multi-platform shifts and the COVID-19 pandemic. While non-linear television has in some ways disrupted linear television’s ties to nostalgia, it has also seen a rise in aesthetically nostalgic programming. The introduction considers how this connects to broader cultural nostalgic trends, themselves fuelled by diversifying media technologies, and complicates meanings traditionally associated with period programming. It explores implications of recycling predominantly western and mediated pasts, and considers how the pandemic has highlighted intersections between linear television, non-linear platforms and differing forms of nostalgia. Finally, it introduces the dossier’s three short essays.
The logic of formatting: A case study on transnational television production
Authors: van Keulen Jolien , Krijnen Tonny , Bauwens Joke
Published: November 2021

The transnationalization of television production has been examined by studies on formats and multinational media companies, which have often highlighted the resilience of the local in the global. This article investigates transnationalization on the micro level of television production, drawing on participant observations in a Dutch production company that is partly owned by an American conglomerate. It explores the deep entanglement of the local with the global in different facets of production – including legal, organizational and market aspects – as manifested in daily practices and decision-making in television production. Our analysis reveals an industrial logic of formatting that is not only induced by transnational ownership structures and business models but also deeply ingrained in production routines and programme conventions. Through this logic, transnationalization shapes media professionals’ daily work, the selection of programme ideas and the process of content development.
Faktor-Faktor yang memengaruhi pernikahan dini di Indonesia
Authors: Hermambang Adinda , Ummah Choirul , Gratia Eunike Sola , Sanusi Fathul , Ulfa Wilda Maria , Nooraeni Rani
Published: November 2021

One of the social problems that existed in Indonesia is high rates of early marriage or child marriage. Based on its absolute number, Indonesian has been one of top ten country with the highest number of child marriage all over the world. Early marriage is defined as a marital union by women under 16 years old. Many factors affect early marriage, such as education factor, economy factor, and culture factor. Furthermore, early marriage may have effects on deteriorating physical and psychological health, low educational attainment, and increasing risk of domestic violence. By utilising 2017 IDHS dataset, this study aims to examine the determinants of early marriage in Indonesia. This study applies binary logistic regression method for the data analysis. The results of this study show that variables significantly affect the status of early marriage are marital status at the first sexual intercourse, residential type, partner’s working status, women’s education, and partner’s education. Moreover, variables that do not significantly affect the status of early marriage are women’s working status, wealth index, and interaction between women’s education and wealth index.
Komposisi jenis kelamin anak, program Keluarga Berencana dan fertilitas
Authors: Raharja Mugia Bayu , Catursaptani Robani , Rahmadewi Rahmadewi
Published: November 2021

The number and sex composition of children are important for some married couples in Indonesia. Having sons in the family is considered as a must since they are argued to be the successor of the family lineage. The presence of daughters is expected to help with household chores and care for their elderly parents. The sex preference for children by the married couples can affect their number of children. This study aims to assess the relationship between the number and sex composition of children, contraceptive use, and the desire to have more children among women in Indonesia. The study employed the data from the 2017 Indonesian Demography and Health Survey (IDHS), with the unit of analysis of currently married women aged 15-49 who have at least one living children. The results show that women with two or more children of the same sex had a higher tendency to have additional children and no use of contraceptives. The Family Planning program's campaign of similar values shared between son and daughter is still hardly accepted, hence, sex preference still exists. It is necessary to reformulate an effective concept for proper socialization of these values as an effort to control the fertility rate in Indonesia.
Catalan Terminological Databases as a Means of Language Policy
Authors: Sermann Eszter
Published: November 2021

Terminological databases are reliable and useful tools for translators, because they contain not only the basic grammatical information related to the terms, but also facilitate the conceptual analysis necessary for the translation of the terms. High quality databases that are compiled according to terminological principles also serve language policy purposes and fulfil terminological policy tasks. In recent years, the Catalan language as an element of Catalan identity has also become the focus of interest in parallel with the independence movement in Catalonia. This paper aims to present and analyse five Catalan terminological databases compiled by TERMCAT, the Catalan Center for Terminology and two universities in Catalonia. A comprehensive classification and evaluation system will be used for the analysis of the databases, which includes four main aspects: background information, technical parameters, information on the content and the usage of the termbases. The databases presented here are the result of a conscious effort by the professionals responsible for terminology and the database as well as the associated workflow, can serve as a good practice for other language communities.
El pensamiento estadístico como herramienta para la ciudadanía crítica en la formación inicial de profesores de Estadística
Authors: Martínez–Castro Cindy Alejandra , Zapata–Cardona Lucía
Published: November 2021

El presente artículo reporta un estudio que indagó los aportes del pensamiento estadístico a la ciudadanía crítica en la formación inicial de profesores de Estadística. Los participantes de la investigación fueron diez profesores en formación que cursaban un seminario de Didáctica de la Estadística en un programa de Licenciatura en Matemáticas en una universidad pública de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Los participantes fueron invitados a desarrollar cuatro investigaciones estadísticas en el aula relacionadas con crisis sociales. Las fuentes de información primaria fueron las discusiones en los encuentros del seminario. El análisis se llevó a cabo mediante una codificación inicial para reducir el volumen de la información, organizarla y encontrar regularidades y patrones.

Los principales hallazgos reflejan que mediante las investigaciones estadísticas en el aula, los participantes siguieron un ciclo de indagación empírica en el cual vincularon conceptos, herramientas, procedimientos, razonamiento e inferencia, disposiciones y contextos reales al aproximarse a dar respuestas a las preguntas estadísticas planteadas. Este es un aporte a la ciudadanía crítica.
The Views of Science and Art Center (SAC) Students Regarding Socratic Inquiry Seminars
Authors: BAHTIYAR Asiye , CAN Bilge
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine the views of students attending Science and Art Centers (SAC) about Socratic research seminars. This qualitative study was conducted with nine undergraduate students. Individual interviews were conducted with students after the seminars, which spanned 10 weeks, about their opinions of the seminars. As a result of the content analysis, it was found that students rated the Socratic research process as a process in which they can freely express their thoughts, have a scientific experience that contributes to their development, individual differences come out, a good method is used for the development of the discussion, questions and discussions about science are held. In addition, students believe that at the end of the seminars, they can ask better questions both quantitatively and qualitatively, change their ideas, question themselves, develop their sense of curiosity, emphatically respond to different opinions and make philosophical inquiries.
Life Science Curriculum and Textbooks: The Comparison of Turkey and Russia
Authors: UTKUR GULLUHAN Nur , GUSEINOVA Elvira
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to investigate the similarities and differences between curriculum and textbook contents of Life Sciences course in Turkey and World Around course in Russia. To that end, curriculum and textbooks of Life Sciences and World Around in effect in both countries in the academic year of 2019-2020 were examined. In the present study, using the intertwined single-case design of qualitative research designs, document review was opted for as the measure. The data achieved were subjected to descriptive content analysis. Codes, categories and themes utilized in the analysis of curriculum and textbooks were shaped in accordance with the contents of curriculum and textbooks in light of similar studies in the literature. Main features of the curriculum and textbooks and how subjects were presented were examined within the framework of activity and assessment practices. Turkish and Russian Life Sciences Curriculum and textbooks were similar overall but had some differences concerning content. Consequently, it was concluded that it would be more relevant to integrate certain activities and methods that would bring the students closer to real life into the Turkish Life Sciences textbooks.
Improving Special Education and Inclusion Course in Primary Mathematics Teacher Education Program
Authors: SOLA OZGUC Canan
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to improve special education and inclusion courses given to pre-service teachers in a primary mathematics education program at a university in Turkey. The aim was to enhance their knowledge and skills and present solutions to problems occurring in courses given during the term and changes in the sense of efficacy of preservice teachers. For this purpose, the research used qualitative and quantitative data collection methods based on the action research method. Shorter course duration and intense content were among the most important problems faced by the instructor. The course curriculum was adapted in line with the needs of primary school mathematics teachers. It was aimed to increase the effectiveness of teaching by providing a variety of materials. Pre-service teachers had the opportunity to gain experience working with special needs students by teaching them origami shapes in the special education and inclusion course. The data obtained from the scales at the end of the process revealed that teachers’ sense of efficacy showed improvement regarding inclusion. Pre-service teachers were pleased to have such a course and offered suggestions to the course instructor. Based on the findings, the elements for improving this education are discussed, and suggestions are presented.
Outdoor Social Studies Experiences of Teacher Candidates
Authors: BOZKURT Fisun
Published: November 2021

: This basic qualitative research aims to reveal the meaning of outdoor learning activities experienced by social studies teacher candidates. The study focused on the experiences of teacher candidates using a social constructivist perspective. The study group of this basic qualitative research consists of 16 social studies teacher candidates who took the Special Teaching Methods II course in a state university in the 2018 2019 academic year. The research data were obtained from the semi-structured interview and the observation notes of the researcher. The data were analyzed using the content analysis method. The findings of this study revealed that even just going out of the classroom has educational potential, that outdoor learning facilitates both experiential and participatory learning and creates a more inclusive environment. In addition, in this study, it was found that outdoor learning may develop skills such as problem-solving, critical thinking, perception of space, change and continuity, observation, communication and cooperation which are vital in teaching social studies. Teachers cannot include it in the program without having personal experience in outdoor learning. The prerequisite of all teacher education programs should be learning environments that model the pedagogical expectations of teacher candidates. For this reason, outdoor learning should be accepted and supported as an integral part of the entire school curriculum.
The Transformative Role of Music in Visual Arts Education: Rediscovering Intercultural and Interdisciplinary Possibilities through A/r/tographic Inquiry
Authors: GULER Ayse
Published: November 2021

A/r/tographic inquiry is an art-based research method widely used abroad; this method has not yet become widespread in our country's undergraduate and graduate arts education. To reinvent the results of my a/r/tographic work, which I conducted by visualising the electroacoustic work “Symbolic Gestures” by Malaysian composer and academician Valerie Ross in 2017, with this study I invite my students to an a/r/tographic investigation (understanding/interpretation with artist identity). I aim to reveal intercultural and interdisciplinary creative learning experiences for my students with the methods and techniques (theorising/theory with researcher identity) that I discovered while questioning the transformative role of music in my creative process, and re-question my teaching and learning identities (practice with a teacher identity) through artistic practices. This study reveals a 6-week intercultural and interdisciplinary a/r/tographic inquiry in 2018-2019 with 12 undergraduate and 4 graduate students studying research and art. The research data consists of video and audio recordings, photographs, artistic products, student views, observation notes, diaries, and the work named Symbolic Gestures. The data were interpreted with an a/r/tographic inquiry approach. At the end of the research, the transformative role of music in visual arts education has produced significant results in the experiences of knowing, creating, metaphorical thinking, intuitive listening, and seeing in depth in undergraduate and graduate art students. The provocative, transformative, and convertible role of music can be used in learning, creating, and teaching experiences in visual arts education.
Food Activism and Language in a Slow Food Italy Restaurant Menu
Authors: Counihan Carole
Published: November 2021

This essay explores how food activists in Italy purposely shape food and language to construct meaning and value. It is grounded in years of ethnographic fieldwork on food and culture in Italy and looks specifically at the Slow Food Movement. The essay explores language and food activism through a detailed unpacking of the text of a menu prepared for a restaurant dinner for delegates to the Slow Food National Chapter Assembly in 2009. The menu uses descriptive poetic language to construct an idealized folk cuisine steeped in local products, poverty, history, and peasant culinary traditions. As I explore the language of the menu and the messages communicated by the food, I ask if they intensify people’s activism, advance Slow Food’s goals of “good, clean and fair food,” and promote food democracy.
La formación inicial docente en Chile: Una revisión bibliográfica sobre su implementación y logros
Authors: Bastías-Bastías Lady Sthefany , Iturra-Herrera Carolina
Published: November 2021

Introducción. En Chile, durante las últimas décadas se han implementado diversas políticas educativas orientadas a mejorar la formación inicial docente, con el propósito de impactar en la calidad del sistema educativo. Han sido varias las investigaciones que han descrito el resultado en la implementación de tales políticas. Objetivo. Se espera describir los hitos más importantes para la formación inicial del profesorado en Chile y analizar, con base en las investigaciones, los resultados de estas políticas. Análisis. Se efectúa una búsqueda de textos académicos publicados entre los años 2010 y 2019 presentes en las bases de datos Google Scholar, Web of Science y Scopus que contengan los conceptos: initial teacher training, educational policy y Chile. Resultados. Las políticas promovidas por el Estado han sido implementadas por las universidades que forman docentes. Asimismo, los resultados de la Prueba inicia, que evalúa los conocimientos disciplinarios y pedagógicos de estudiantes de la carrera de pedagogía que se encuentran en el último año de formación, demuestra que el profesorado no alcanza los estándares de desempeño esperados, cuyas debilidades son percibidas por las personas egresadas de las carreras. Conclusiones. Las políticas implementadas no lograron mantener un alza en el acceso a las carreras de pedagogía. Tampoco acortaron la distancia entre la formación universitaria con la formación práctica en los establecimientos educacionales, y existe una débil correlación entre los mecanismos de control instaurados. Como recomendaciones se propone ampliar los criterios de búsqueda integrando la política de gratuidad y década de los años noventa.
Optimization of spruce (Picea abies L.) wood thermal treatment temperature to improve its acoustic properties
Authors: Mania Przemysław , Moliński Waldemar , Roszyk Edward , Górska Marta
Published: November 2021

The study was undertaken to establish the thermal treatment parameters of spruce (Picea abies L.) wood that would ensure the highest possible value of the specific modulus of elasticity (E/ρ) and, thus, the best acoustic performance. The basic acoustic parameters of spruce wood were determined prior to and after its thermal treatment. As a result of thermal treatment, the samples density slightly decreased by about 1%, irrespective of temperature applied. The average value of Young modulus of the samples after modification at 120 to 160 °C increased from 10.1 to 10.7 GPa (6%). The specific modulus of elasticity increased on average by 6.5%. Increase of the modification temperature to 180 °C resulted in decreasing of the values of mechanical parameters by over 4%.
Effects of apple and pear wood vinegar components on Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium growth
Authors: Xu Hao , Zhao Jian , Jing Yang , Xie Jingcong , Zhang Ning , Jiang Jianchun
Published: November 2021

In order to facilitate the application of wood vinegar in the mushroom industry, a framework was developed to reveal the individual and interactive effects of chemical groups in wood vinegars on Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium growth. By a series of refining and separating methods, the crude wood vinegar samples were processed and separated into six subgroups with distinctive component concentrations in each. Adding the wood vinegar subgroups into the culturing medium resulted in differences in mycelium growth. Analysis of variance was performed on the differences to evaluate the effects of seven chemical groups on mycelium growth. The enhancing effects of groups of chemicals were (ranked by effect) alcohols > esters > aldehydes; the inhibiting groups of chemicals were phenols > ketones > acids. The principle inhibitory chemicals in the wood vinegars were most likely 1,2-benzenediol, 2-methyl phenol, and 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol. The synergistic effects between acids and phenols and between acids and ketones were confirmed. By these effects, the inhibiting chemicals interacted synergistically as mycelium growth promoters.
Evaluation of the solid digestate from garage-type high solids anaerobic digestion of bundled rice straw and swine manure as a growth medium for seeding production
Authors: Fu Jingjing , Ma Biao , Xu Binxing , Guan Chunsong , Wu Aibing , Chen Yongsheng
Published: November 2021

The solid digestate from high solid anaerobic digestion was used as growth medium for seeding production. The garage-type dry fermentation system using bundled rice straw and swine manure was performed to obtain solid digestate. The addition of solid digestate addition greatly influenced the properties of the growth medium. The bulk density increased and the total porosity, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) values were decreased with the reduction of solid digestate. The solid digestate-based media had a bulk density < 0.3 g/cm3, total porosity > 70%, air filled porosity ~ 3%, water holding porosity > 60%, EC < 3 mS/cm, and 6.5 < pH < 8. Those properties almost satisfied the essential requirements of nursery substrate. Also, the concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals of the substrate exhibited a positive relationship with solid digestate addition, and they are all within acceptable ranges for plant growth. When the addition of solid digestate was 50% (v/v), the germination rate of tomato seeding cultivated in that solid digestate-based growth medium reached 85%. These findings showed that the solid digestate from the high solid anaerobic digestion could be successfully applied in the seeding nursery and merit consideration for industrial applications.
Formation and main directions of development of Grappling in Ukraine
Authors: Vorona V. , Skripka I.
Published: November 2021

Purpose: identify the socio-historical foundations of the formation and main directions of development of Grappling in Ukraine. Marterials and methods. The following methods were used in the study: analysis of literary and informational digital sources, normative documents; historical method; method of analogies; system analysis; comparative-historical method. Results: the analysis of literature sources and normative documents on the conditions of formation and development of Grappling in Ukraine is carried out. It has been found that martial arts such as Kyokushin Kaikan karate, VTKA kickboxing, mixed martial arts (MMA), Ukrainian belt wrestling, hopak hand-to-hand combat, taekwondo, and beach wrestling have been officially recognized as sports over the last decade. Among the recognized sports since 2017 is grappling. The formation and development of grappling in Ukraine are directly related to the activities of the Federation of Pankration of Ukraine. Mainly thanks to this organization, the grappling federation of Ukraine was created. In recent years, a powerful National Grappling Team has been formed, which currently numbers 64 people. The development of normative documentation on the sport ensured the holding of competitions and the opening of grappling branches in children's youth sports schools. The planned funding for training camps and competitions for 2021 has increased almost threefold compared to 2020. Conclusions. The following main socio-historical principles of formation and development of Grappling as a sport in Ukraine are determined: active development of this sport in the world; active work of international organizations, such as Submission Fighting World Federation, United World Wrestling, NAGA, Grapplers Quest, International Amateur Wrestling Federation, International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles and others; creation of the Federation of Pankration of Ukraine and inclusion of grappling as an amateur discipline in the program of competitions in pankration; close cooperation of the Grappling Federation of Ukraine with the International Organization UWW; creation of a grappling federation in Ukraine and its branches. Among the main areas of Grappling development in Ukraine should be noted competitive activities and education. The development of grappling is evidenced by the growth of financial support from the state. Keywords: Grappling international organizations, pankration, Grappling Federation of Ukraine.
Link of cognitive functions from special training of qualified boxers
Authors: Korobeynikova L. , Tropin Y. , Korobeynikov G. , Shenpen Go
Published: November 2021

Purpose: to establish links of cognitive functions from special training of qualified boxers. Material and methods. Preceding victorious methods have been used: analysis of scientific-methodical information and dzherel to the Internet; chronodynamometry; psychophysiological methods of education; methods of mathematical statistics. There were 26 qualified boxers in bulo, 18-24 years old. According to the index of creatine phosphate preceding of all boxers, there were two different groups. The first group with a high level of performance (from 200 and above conventional units) and a group with a low level of special performance (below 200 conventional units). Before the first group, 12 individuals were consumed, before the other – 14 athletes. Results: on the basis of the analysis of scientific-methodical information, the Internet connection and communication of the advanced practical information in the field of sports was established, and the structure of sports martial arts, and especially boxing, is characterized by the call of synchronization between the two sportsmen and the conversion For an effective reception of information, analysis and acceptance of the solution of a similar response to the supernatural, it is necessary to activate cognitive functions, such as: verbal and non-verbal intelligence and memory. A correlation analysis was carried out for the development of the peculiarities of the links in the special prasezdatnost and the cognitive characteristics. Conclusions. The results of a correlation analysis between special training and indicators of the cognitive test «Establishing Regularities» allowed for the emergence of reliable links among boxers because of the high level of precision of special performance indicators and efficiency. Boxers due to the decrease in the level of special praise rate help to achieve a reliable correlation without being an indicator of productivity. An analysis of the results in the field of special training and indicators of the cognitive test «Correspondence of numbers» has shown the prevalence of correlation in boxers due to the high level of special training. Boxers due to the decrease in the level of special performance help to promote the appearance of reliable links due to the indicators of efficiency, latency and stability. Carrying out a correlation analysis between special training and indicators of the cognitive test «Memory for words» has shown in the absence of one basic connection between special training and performance indicators among boxers due to low reduction. Boxers from the highest level of special prazdatnosty reliable correlation links in the tests are not possible. Keywords: boxing, cognitive functions, special performance, qualified athletes, correlation analysis.
First Report of Sugarcane Mosaic Virus in Zea mays L. in Ukraine
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Snihur H. ,   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine, Kharina A. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kaliuzhna M. ,   Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, NAS of Ukraine, Chumak V. ,   Uzhgorod National University, Budzanivska I. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: November 2021

Maize viral diseases especially maize dwarf mosaic disease (MDMD), which is caused by potyviruses, lead to significant crop losses worldwide. Aim. The aim of this work was to identify the causal agent of mosaic symptoms, observed on maize plants during 2018—2020 in Kyiv region. Methods. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the DAS-ELISA modification using commercial Loewe Biochemica test systems for Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV), Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) were applied to identify the causal agent of maize disease in collected samples. Transmission electron microscopy was used in order to direct viral particle visualisation. Aphids, which are natural vectors of plant viruses, were found on diseased plants. Results. Plants with typical mosaic symptoms were observed in corn crops of the Kyiv region in early June 2018. The pathogen was transmitted by mechanical inoculation to maize and sweet maize plants with the manifestation of mosaic symptoms. Electron microscopy of the sap from diseased plants revealed the presence of flexible filamentous virions 750 nm long and 13 nm in diameter, typical for the genus Potyvirus. In August, mosaic symptoms and aphids Rhopalosiphum padi were found on previously healthy plants in the same maize crop. In 2020, in the same sown area, maize plants were free of viral infection during inspection in June, but a re-inspection in September revealed mosaic symptoms on maize crop and the presence of aphids in the leaf axils. The presence of SCMV in maize samples collected in June and August/September 2018 and 2020, as well as in inoculated maize and sweet maize plants, was confirmed by ELISA using a commercial test system. The obtained data allow suggesting that Rhopalosiphum padi is a natural vector of SCMV in agrocenoses of Ukraine. It should be noted that co-infection with MDMV and WSMV in the affected plants was not detected. Conclusions. This study presents the first report of SCMV in maize in Ukraine.
Building a National Framework to Pair Scientists and Schools During a Global Pandemic
Authors: Zimmerman Kanecia O. , Goldman Jennifer L. , Schuster Jennifer E. , Mena Atenas , Quiriconi Margo , Butteris Sabrina M. , Koval Shawn , DeMuri Gregory P. , Mueller Nancy B. , Benjamin Daniel K. , Armstrong Sarah C. , Kalu Ibukunoluwa C. , Boutzoukas Angelique , Moorthy Ganga S. , Lane Hannah , Weber David J. , Newland Jason G.
Published: November 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic forced the suspension of in-person education in schools serving students in kindergarten through 12th grade (K–12) across the United States. As time passed, teachers, students, and parents struggled with remote education. With limited guidance at the federal level, physicians and school leaders across the country collaborated to develop local solutions for schools. This article describes the lessons learned from the development of 4 academic-community partnerships and collaboration among these partnerships to provide national leadership on managing COVID-19 mitigation in the K–12 environment. In addition, we describe a pathway forward for using academic-community partnerships to improve child health.
A School-Based SARS-CoV-2 Testing Program: Testing Uptake and Quarantine Length After In-School Exposures
Authors: Boutzoukas Angelique E. , Zimmerman Kanecia O. , Mann Tara K. , Moorthy Ganga S. , Blakemore Ashley , McGann Kathleen A. , Smith Michael J. , Nutting Boen , Kerley Karen , Brookhart M. Alan , Edwards Laura , Rak Zsolt , Benjamin Daniel K. , Kalu Ibukunoluwa C.
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVES

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–related quarantines, which are required after close contact with infected individuals, have substantially disrupted in-person education for kindergarten through 12th grade (K–12) students. In recent recommendations, shortened durations of quarantine are allowed if a negative SARS-CoV-2 test result is obtained at 5 to 7 days postexposure, but access to testing remains limited. We hypothesized that providing access to in-school SARS-CoV-2 testing postexposure would increase testing and reduce missed school days.

METHODS

This prospective cohort study was conducted in one large public K–12 school district in North Carolina and included 2 periods: preimplementation (March 15, 2021, to April 21, 2021) and postimplementation (April 22, 2021, to June 4, 2021), defined around initiation of an in-school SARS-CoV-2 testing program in which on-site access to testing is provided. Number of quarantined students and staff, testing uptake, test results, and number of missed school days were analyzed and compared between the preimplementation and postimplementation periods.

RESULTS

Twenty-four schools, including 12 251 in-person learners, participated in the study. During preimplementation, 446 close contacts were quarantined for school-related exposures; 708 close contacts were quarantined postimplementation. Testing uptake after school-related exposures increased from 6% to 40% (95% confidence interval: 23% to 45%) after implementation, and 89% of tests were conducted in-school. After in-school testing implementation, close contacts missed ∼1.5 fewer days of school (95% confidence interval: −2 to −1).

CONCLUSIONS

Providing access to in-school testing may be a worthwhile mechanism to increase testing uptake after in-school exposures and minimize missed days of in-person learning, thereby mitigating the pandemic’s ongoing impact on children.
Physiology and Practicality of Left Ventricular Septal Pacing
Authors: Heckman Luuk , Luermans Justin , Salden Floor , Stipdonk Antonius Martinus Wilhelmus van , Mafi-Rad Masih , Prinzen Frits , Vernooy Kevin
Published: November 2021

Left ventricular septal pacing (LVSP) and left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) have been introduced to maintain or correct interventricular and intraventricular (dys)synchrony. LVSP is hypothesised to produce a fairly physiological sequence of activation, since in the left ventricle (LV) the working myocardium is activated first at the LV endocardium in the low septal and anterior free-wall regions. Animal studies as well as patient studies have demonstrated that LV function is maintained during LVSP at levels comparable to sinus rhythm with normal conduction. Left ventricular activation is more synchronous during LBBP than LVSP, but LBBP produces a higher level of intraventricular dyssynchrony compared to LVSP. While LVSP is fairly straightforward to perform, targeting the left bundle branch area may be more challenging. Long-term effects of LVSP and LBBP are yet to be determined. This review focuses on the physiology and practicality of LVSP and provides a guide for permanent LVSP implantation.
Diagnosis and Management of Complex Reentrant Arrhythmias Involving the His-Purkinje System
Authors: Sung Raphael K , Boyden Penelope A , Higuchi Satoshi , Scheinman Melvin
Published: November 2021

The His-Purkinje system is a network of bundles and fibres comprised of specialised cells that allow for coordinated, synchronous activation of the ventricles. Although the histology and physiology of the His-Purkinje system have been studied for more than a century, its role in ventricular arrhythmias has recently been discovered with the ongoing elucidation of the mechanisms leading to both benign and life-threatening arrhythmias. Studies of Purkinje-cell electrophysiology show multiple mechanisms responsible for ventricular arrhythmias, including enhanced automaticity, triggered activity and reentry. The variation in functional properties of Purkinje cells in different areas of the His-Purkinje system underlie the propensity for reentry within Purkinje fibres in structurally normal and abnormal hearts. Catheter ablation is an effective therapy in nearly all forms of reentrant arrhythmias involving Purkinje tissue. However, identifying those at risk of developing fascicular arrhythmias is not yet possible. Future research is needed to understand the precise molecular and functional changes resulting in these arrhythmias.
Hybrid Convergent Procedure for the Treatment of Persistent and Long-standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: DeLurgio David B , Gill Jaswinder S , Ahsan Syed , Kaba Riyaz A , Plasseraud Kristen M , Halkos Michael E
Published: November 2021

Recent advances have been made in AF treatment, including the role of early rhythm control and landmark clinical trials using ablation therapy. However, some treatment gaps remain, including the creation of durable lesions outside the pulmonary veins and effective treatment of longstanding persistent AF. A novel epicardial-endocardial ablation approach – the hybrid convergent procedure – was developed to combine surgical and catheter ablation techniques into a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach to managing AF. In this review, the authors discuss recently published data on hybrid convergent ablation, including results of the CONVERGE clinical trial, in the context of current challenges to treatment of persistent and long-standing persistent AF. The review also aims to provide perspective on outstanding questions and future directions in this area.
The Atrioventricular Conduction Axis and its Implications for Permanent Pacing
Authors: Cabrera José-Ángel , Anderson Robert H , Porta-Sánchez Andreu , Macías Yolanda , Cano Óscar , Spicer Diane E , Sánchez-Quintana Damián
Published: November 2021

Extensive knowledge of the anatomy of the atrioventricular conduction axis, and its branches, is key to the success of permanent physiological pacing, either by capturing the His bundle, the left bundle branch or the adjacent septal regions. The inter-individual variability of the axis plays an important role in underscoring the technical difficulties known to exist in achieving a stable position of the stimulating leads. In this review, the key anatomical features of the location of the axis relative to the triangle of Koch, the aortic root, the inferior pyramidal space and the inferoseptal recess are summarised. In keeping with the increasing number of implants aimed at targeting the environs of the left bundle branch, an extensive review of the known variability in the pattern of ramification of the left bundle branch from the axis is included. This permits the authors to summarise in a pragmatic fashion the most relevant aspects to be taken into account when seeking to successfully deploy a permanent pacing lead.
Echocardiography in the intensive care unit: an essential tool for diagnosis, monitoring and guiding clinical decision-making
Authors: Soliman-Aboumarie Hatem , Pastore Maria Concetta , Galiatsou Eftychia , Gargani Luna , Pugliese Nicola Riccardo , Mandoli Giulia Elena , Valente Serafina , Hurtado-Doce Ana , Lees Nicholas , Cameli Matteo
Published: November 2021

In the last years, new trends on patient diagnosis for admission in cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) have been observed, shifting from acute myocardial infarction or acute heart failure to non-cardiac diseases such as sepsis, acute respiratory failure or acute kidney injury. Moreover, thanks to the advances in scientific knowledge and higher availability, there has been increasing use of positive pressure mechanical ventilation which has its implications on the heart. Therefore, there is a growing need for Cardiac intensivists to quickly, noninvasively and repeatedly evaluate various hemodynamic conditions and the response to therapy.

Transthoracic critical care echocardiography (CCE) currently represents an essential tool in CICU, as it is used to evaluate biventricular function and complications following acute coronary syndromes, identify the mechanisms of circulatory failure, acute valvular pathologies, tailoring and titrating intravenous treatment or mechanical circulatory support. This could be completed with trans-oesophageal echocardiography (TOE), advanced echocardiography and lung ultrasound to provide a thorough evaluation and monitoring of CICU patients. However, CCE could sometimes be challenging as the acquisition of good-quality images is limited by mechanical ventilation, suboptimal patient position or recent surgery with drains on the chest. Moreover, there are some technical caveats that one should bear in mind while performing CCE in order to optimize its use and avoid misleading findings. The aim of this review is to highlight the key role of CCE, providing an updated overview of its main applications and possible pitfalls in order to facilitate its use in CICU for clinical decision-making.
Culturas científicas sobre os oceanos na historiografia das ciências no Brasil
Authors: LOPES Maria Margaret
Published: November 2021

Resumo O artigo menciona iniciativas relacionadas à construção das culturas científicas sobre os oceanos no Brasil, dos meados do século XIX à primeira metade do século XX. Identificando os oceanos como espaços de produção de conhecimentos, aborda como os oceanos, desde suas águas, sua biodiversidade, suas ilhas, profundidades, tornaram-se objetos específicos de pesquisas. Nesses processos, agentes e agências se forjaram no contexto de complexos campos científicos interdisciplinares, que se modificaram internacionalmente e nas instituições brasileiras. Dialogando com conhecidos autores da História das Ciências, o artigo se organiza em subtemas que se intercruzam, como expedições oceânicas, publicações e instituições. Conclui destacando a necessidade de reflexão historiográfica sobre os atuais empreendimentos globais de exploração dos recursos minerais do mar, especialmente nestes anos em que a ONU celebra a Década das Ciências dos Oceanos.
Um códice perdido de José de Santa Rita Durão A tradução portuguesa do Ensaio Sobre a Poesia Épica, de Voltaire (Lisboa, 1783)
Authors: MAGALHÃES Pablo Antonio Iglesias
Published: November 2021

Resumo O presente artigo revela a existência de um códice manuscrito setecentista contendo uma tradução portuguesa do Essay sur La Poésie Épique (1727), de Voltaire (1694-1778), que ofereceu as bases para o surgimento da literatura comparada no Ocidente. O tradutor manteve-se sob anonimato, mas o uso da bibliografia material enquanto método de pesquisa, combinado à consulta de outros manuscritos e impressos setecentistas custodiados em arquivos e bibliotecas de Portugal e do Brasil, revelou que o códice, submetido à Real Mesa Censória em 1783, foi produzido por José de Santa Rita Durão, um dos autores mais importantes da segunda metade do século XVIII, e amplia o conhecimento acerca dos estudos literários em Portugal no referido período. O códice apresenta, além da tradução desconhecida, notas autorais inéditas do poeta mineiro, que agregam novas informações sobre o pensamento e a obra do autor de o Caramurú (1781).
O fotógrafo Romão Pereira e a criação de uma paisagem tecnocientífica em Moçambique colonial (1886-1891)
Authors: PEREIRA Hugo Silveira
Published: November 2021

Resumo Neste artigo, abordo o uso da fotografia na construção de uma paisagem tecnocientífica em contexto colonial. Para tal, analiso o caso das imagens que o fotógrafo português Manoel Joaquim Romão Pereira produziu sobre a então colónia portuguesa de Moçambique entre 1886 e 1891, e que estão preservadas no Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino (em Lisboa) e no Centro Português de Fotografia (no Porto). Partindo dos princípios de que a fotografia é uma ferramenta crucial na construção de paisagens e que essas não são fenómenos naturais, mas sim construções sociais, argumento que Romão Pereira, ao se focar em objetos da modernização técnica e científica de Moçambique, concorreu para a construção de uma ilusória paisagem tecnocientífica da colónia, que não representava fielmente a realidade local. Ao fazer isto, contribuiu para a representação de Portugal como um país avançado e com capacidade imperial, ao mesmo nível que outras nações coloniais da Europa.