bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome Sequence of the Lantibiotic Bacteriocin Producer Streptococcus salivarius Strain K12
Authors: Barretto Caroline , Alvarez-Martin Pablo , Foata Francis , Renault Pierre , Berger Bernard
Published: October 2012

Streptococcus salivarius
is a prevalent commensal species of the oropharyngeal tract.
S. salivarius
strain K12 is an isolate from the saliva of a healthy child, used as an oral probiotic. Here, we report its genome sequence, i.e., the full sequence of the 190-kb megaplasmid pSsal-K12 and a high-quality draft 2.2-Gb chromosomal sequence.
Draft Genome Sequences of 21 Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Strains
Authors: Timme Ruth E. , Allard Marc W. , Luo Yan , Strain Errol , Pettengill James , Wang Charles , Li Cong , Keys Christine E. , Zheng Jie , Stones Robert , Wilson Mark R. , Musser Steven M. , Brown Eric W.
Published: October 2012

Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Enteritidis is a common food-borne pathogen, often associated with shell eggs and poultry. Here, we report draft genomes of 21
S.
Enteritidis strains associated with or related to the U.S.-wide 2010 shell egg recall. Eleven of these genomes were from environmental isolates associated with the egg outbreak, and 10 were reference isolates from previous years, unrelated to the outbreak. The whole-genome sequence data for these 21 human pathogen strains are being released in conjunction with the newly formed 100K Genome Project.
Genome Sequence of Kocuria atrinae C3-8, Isolated from Jeotgal, a Traditional Korean Fermented Seafood
Authors: Nam Young-Do , Seo Myung-Ji , Lim Seong-Il , Park So-lim
Published: October 2012

Kocuria
is a Gram-positive coccus, catalase-positive, coagulase-negative, strictly aerobic bacterial genus in the family
Micrococcaceae
.
Kocuria atrinae
C3-8 was isolated from a traditional Korean fermented seafood. This study describes the first genome sequence of
K. atrinae
strain C3-8, which has a 3.19-Mbp genome and a G+C content of 63.8%.
Next-Generation Sequencing and
De Novo
Assembly, Genome Organization, and Comparative Genomic Analyses of the Genomes of Two Helicobacter pylori Isolates from Duodenal Ulcer Patients in India
Authors: Kumar Narender , Mukhopadhyay Asish K. , Patra Rajashree , De Ronita , Baddam Ramani , Shaik Sabiha , Alam Jawed , Tiruvayipati Suma , Ahmed Niyaz
Published: October 2012

The prevalence of different
H. pylori
genotypes in various geographical regions indicates region-specific adaptations during the course of evolution. Complete genomes of
H. pylori
from countries with high infection burdens, such as India, have not yet been described. Herein we present genome sequences of two
H. pylori
strains, NAB47 and NAD1, from India. In this report, we briefly mention the sequencing and finishing approaches, genome assembly with downstream statistics, and important features of the two draft genomes, including their phylogenetic status. We believe that these genome sequences and the comparative genomics emanating thereupon will help us to clearly understand the ancestry and biology of the Indian
H. pylori
genotypes, and this will be helpful in solving the so-called Indian enigma, by which high infection rates do not corroborate the minuscule number of serious outcomes observed, including gastric cancer.
Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing of a Colonizing Multilocus Sequence Type 17 Streptococcus agalactiae Strain
Authors: Singh Pallavi , Springman A. Cody , Davies H. Dele , Manning Shannon D.
Published: October 2012

This report highlights the whole-genome shotgun draft sequence for a
Streptococcus agalactiae
strain representing multilocus sequence type (ST) 17, isolated from a colonized woman at 8 weeks postpartum. This sequence represents an important addition to the published genomes and will promote comparative genomic studies of
S. agalactiae
recovered from diverse sources.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Ethanol-Producing Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis Centrotype ATCC 29191
Authors: Desiniotis Andreas , Kouvelis Vassili N. , Davenport Karen , Bruce David , Detter Chris , Tapia Roxanne , Han Cliff , Goodwin Lynne A. , Woyke Tanja , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Typas Milton A. , Pappas Katherine M.
Published: October 2012

Zymomonas mobilis
is an ethanologenic bacterium that has been studied for use in biofuel production. Of the sequenced
Zymomonas
strains, ATCC 29191 has been described as the phenotypic centrotype of
Zymomonas mobilis
subsp.
mobilis
, the taxon that harbors the highest ethanol-producing
Z. mobilis
strains. ATCC 29191 was isolated in Kinshasa, Congo, from palm wine fermentations. This strain is reported to be a robust levan producer, while in recent years it has been employed in studies addressing
Z. mobilis
respiration. Here we announce the finishing and annotation of the ATCC 29191 genome, which comprises one chromosome and three plasmids.
Draft Genome Sequence of Turicella otitidis ATCC 51513, Isolated from Middle Ear Fluid from a Child with Otitis Media
Authors: Brinkrolf Karina , Schneider Jessica , Knecht Marina , Rückert Christian , Tauch Andreas
Published: October 2012

Turicella otitidis
is an unusual corynebacterium with a controversial role in otitis media in children. Metabolic capabilities deduced from the draft genome indicate its adaptation to habitats on the human skin and in the intestine. The lack of candidate virulence factors implies that
T. otitidis
has a low pathogenic potential.
Genome Sequence and Comparative Pathogenomics Analysis of a Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Strain Associated with a Typhoid Carrier in Malaysia
Authors: Yap Kien-Pong , Gan Han Ming , Teh Cindy Shuan Ju , Baddam Ramani , Chai Lay-Ching , Kumar Narender , Tiruvayipati Suma Avasthi , Ahmed Niyaz , Thong Kwai-Lin
Published: October 2012

Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhi is a human pathogen that causes typhoid fever predominantly in developing countries. In this article, we describe the whole genome sequence of the
S. Typhi
strain CR0044 isolated from a typhoid fever carrier in Kelantan, Malaysia. These data will further enhance the understanding of its host persistence and adaptive mechanism.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Quality Control Strain Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212
Authors: Kim Eun Bae , Kopit Lauren M. , Harris Linda J. , Marco Maria L.
Published: October 2012

Enterococcus faecalis
ATCC 29212, a vancomycin-sensitive strain, has been extensively used as a representative control strain for clinical and laboratory experiments. Here we report the draft genome and annotation of this strain, containing 3,027,060 bp, with a G+C content of 37.2% in 126 contigs (≥500 bp).
Draft Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus gigeriorum CRBIP 24.85
T
, Isolated from a Chicken Crop
Authors: Cousin Sylvie , Ma Laurence , Creno Sophie , Clermont Dominique , Loux Valentin , Bizet Chantal , Bouchier Christiane
Published: October 2012

We report the draft genome of the strain
Lactobacillus gigeriorum
CRBIP 24.85
T
, isolated from a chicken crop. The total length of the 60 scaffolds is about 1.9 Mb, with a GC content of 38% and 2,062 protein-coding sequences (CDS).
Complete Genome Sequence of the Thermophilic, Piezophilic, Heterotrophic Bacterium Marinitoga piezophila KA3
Authors: Lucas Susan , Han James , Lapidus Alla , Cheng Jan-Fang , Goodwin Lynne A. , Pitluck Sam , Peters Lin , Mikhailova Natalia , Teshima Hazuki , Detter John C. , Han Cliff , Tapia Roxanne , Land Miriam , Hauser Loren , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Ivanova Natalia , Pagani Ioanna , Vannier Pauline , Oger Phil , Bartlett Douglas H. , Noll Kenneth M. , Woyke Tanja , Jebbar Mohamed
Published: October 2012

Marinitoga piezophila
KA3 is a thermophilic, anaerobic, chemoorganotrophic, sulfur-reducing bacterium isolated from the Grandbonum deep-sea hydrothermal vent site at the East Pacific Rise (13°N, 2,630-m depth). The genome of
M. piezophila
KA3 comprises a 2,231,407-bp circular chromosome and a 13,386-bp circular plasmid. This genome was sequenced within Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute CSP 2010.
Genome Sequence of an OXA23-Producing, Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Strain of Sequence Type ST75
Authors: Liu Shiwei , Wang Yufei , Xu Jie , Li Yan , Guo Jie , Ke Yuehua , Yuan Xitong , Wang Lili , Du Xinying , Wang Zhoujia , Huang Liuyu , Zhang Ning , Chen Zeliang
Published: October 2012

The increase of
Acinetobacter baumannii
resistance to carbapenems is of great concern. OXA23 is one of the most prevalent carbapenemases of
A. baumannii
that causes outbreaks. Here, we announce the genome sequence of an OXA23-producing
A. baumannii
strain assigned ST75, a newly emerged sequence type harboring carbapenemase.
Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain AH16, Isolated from a Patient with Chronic Pneumonia in China
Authors: Wu Da-Qiang , Cheng Huijuan , Wang Changzhong , Zhang Changfeng , Wang Yan , Shao Jing , Duan Qiangjun
Published: October 2012

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
AH16 is a virulent strain isolated from a patient with chronic pneumonia in China. Here, we present a 6.8-Mb (G+C content, 66.13%) assembly of its genome with 6,332 putative coding sequences, which may provide insights into the genomic basis of activity of the clinical
P. aeruginosa
strain in China.
Genomic Analysis of Mycobacterium abscessus Strain M139, Which Has an Ambiguous Subspecies Taxonomic Position
Authors: Ngeow Yun Fong , Wee Wei Yee , Wong Yan Ling , Tan Joon Liang , Ongi Chia Su , Ng Kee Peng , Choo Siew Woh
Published: October 2012

Mycobacterium abscessus
is a ubiquitous, rapidly growing species of nontuberculous mycobacteria that colonizes organic surfaces and is frequently associated with opportunistic infections in humans. We report here the draft genome sequence of
Mycobacterium abscessus
strain M139, which shows genomic features reported to be characteristic of both
Mycobacterium abscessus
subsp.
abscessus
and
Mycobacterium abscessus
subsp.
massiliense
.
Genome Sequence of Acinetobacter baumannii AC12, a Polymyxin-Resistant Strain Isolated from Terengganu, Malaysia
Authors: Gan Han Ming , Lean Soo-Sum , Suhaili Zarizal , Thong Kwai-Lin , Yeo Chew Chieng
Published: October 2012

Acinetobacter baumannii
is a major cause of nosocomial infection worldwide. We report the draft genome sequence of
A. baumannii
AC12, a multidrug-resistant nosocomial strain with additional resistance to carbapenems and polymyxin. The genome data will provide insights into the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance and its adaptive mechanism.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Enterobacter sp. Strain SST3, an Endophyte Isolated from Jamaican Sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) Stalk Tissue
Authors: Gan Han Ming , McGroty Sean E. , Chew Teong Han , Chan Kok Gan , Buckley Larry J. , Savka Michael A. , Hudson André O.
Published: October 2012

Enterobacter
sp. strain SST3 is an endophytic bacterium isolated from
Saccharum
spp. Here we present its annotated draft genome that may shed light on its role as a bacterial endophyte of sugarcane. To our knowledge, this is the first genome announcement of a sugarcane-associated bacterium from the genus
Enterobacter
.
Draft Genome Sequences of Four Axenic Mycoplasma genitalium Strains Isolated from Denmark, Japan, and Australia
Authors: McGowin Chris L. , Ma Liang , Jensen Jørgen S. , Mancuso Miriam M. , Hamasuna Ryoichi , Adegboye David , Martin David H.
Published: October 2012

The DNA genome of
Mycoplasma genitalium
currently represents the smallest of all known human bacterial pathogens. Despite their clinical importance in sexually transmitted infection and relevance as model bacterial pathogens, genomic diversity among
M. genitalium
strains worldwide is unknown. Herein we present the complete draft genome sequences of four geographically diverse strains of
M. genitalium
.
Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas putida S12, a Potential Platform Strain for Industrial Production of Valuable Chemicals
Authors: Tao Fei , Shen Yaling , Fan Ziqi , Tang Hongzhi , Xu Ping
Published: October 2012

Pseudomonas putida
strain S12, a well-studied solvent-tolerant bacterium, is considered a platform strain for the production of many chemicals. Here, we present a 6.28-Mb assembly of its genome sequence. We have annotated 32 coding sequences (CDSs) encoding efflux systems of organic compounds and 195 CDSs responsible for the metabolism of aromatic compounds.
Genome Sequences of Three Live Attenuated Vaccine Strains of Brucella Species and Implications for Pathogenesis and Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Wang Yufei , Ke Yuehua , Wang Zhoujia , Yuan Xitong , Qiu Yefeng , Zhen Qing , Xu Jie , Li Tiefeng , Wang Dali , Huang Liuyu , Chen Zeliang
Published: October 2012

Live attenuated vaccines play essential roles in the prevention of brucellosis. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of three vaccine strains,
Brucella melitensis
M5-10,
B. suis
S2-30, and
B. abortus
104M. Primary genome sequence analysis identified mutations, deletions, and insertions which have implications for attenuation and signatures for differential diagnosis.
Genome Sequence of Lysinibacillus boronitolerans F1182, Isolated from a Traditional Korean Fermented Soybean Product
Authors: Nam Young-Do , Seo Myung-Ji , Lim Seong-Il , Lee So-Young
Published: October 2012

Lysinibacillus
is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, and round-spore-forming bacterial genus of the family
Bacillaceae
. We analyzed the genome sequence of
Lysinibacillus boronitolerans
F1182, isolated from a traditional Korean fermented soybean product. The genome sequence contained 4.46 Mbp with a G+C content of 37.5%. This is the first report of an
L. boronitolerans
genome.
Genome Sequence of the Welan Gum-Producing Strain Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 31555
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Tao Fei , Gai Zhonghui , Tang Hongzhi , Xu Ping
Published: October 2012

Sphingomonas
sp. strain ATCC 31555 can produce an anionic heteropolysaccharide, welan gum, which shows excellent stability and viscosity retention even at high temperatures. Here we present a 4.0-Mb assembly of its genome sequence. We have annotated 10 coding sequences (CDSs) responsible for the welan gum biosynthesis and 55 CDSs related to monosaccharide metabolism.
Genome Sequence of the Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium Pseudomonas putida S11
Authors: Ponraj Paramasivan , Shankar Manoharan , Ilakkiam Devaraj , Rajendhran Jeyaprakash , Gunasekaran Paramasamy
Published: October 2012

Here we report the genome sequence of a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium,
Pseudomonas putida
S11. The length of the draft genome sequence is approximately 5,970,799 bp, with a G+C content of 62.4%. The genome contains 6,076 protein-coding sequences.
Heterotopic mesenteric ossification: report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Binesh Fariba , Akhavan Ali , Navabii Hossein , Ostadi Mussa
Published: October 2012

Heterotopic mesenteric ossification (HMO) is a distinct intra-abdominal ossifying pseudotumour that typically occurs in men, almost always after surgery or abdominal trauma, and frequently presents with symptoms of intestinal obstruction. We herein describe a case of HMO occurring in a 42-year-old Iranian man with a history of abdominal blunt trauma. He underwent partial small intestinal and its mesentery resection. The postoperative course was uneventful. Now he is in good condition after 6 months.
Watershed infarcts in a patient after carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Hashmi Imranullah , Shahzadi Fatima
Published: October 2012

We report a case that developed watershed infarcts after undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Our patient had been having episodes of transient ischaemic attacks before admission. Carotid Doppler scan before admission showed severe unilateral carotid stenosis on left side. She underwent a carotid endarterectomy procedure. Her continuous blood pressure monitoring stayed normal during and after the procedure. One and half hour after the procedure, she developed right arm weakness. CT scan later revealed watershed infarcts in left cerebral hemisphere. The pathogenesis of watershed infarcts remain debated despite haemodynamic and embolic mechanisms being postulated.
Non-compaction of the left ventricle and associated ventricular septal defect
Authors: Laghari Abid Hussain , Tai Javed Majid , Saleem Sumaira
Published: October 2012

A case report of a 28-year-old patient, who presented with symptoms and signs of congestive heart failure and had clinical signs of ventricular septal defect as well. On further work-up echocardiogram showed non-compaction of the left ventricle with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction and a ventricular septal defect. He was treated with standard treatment of heart failure and is doing well.
An elderly patient presenting with hip pain following a fall: an unusual presentation of necrotising fasciitis
Authors: Markeson Daniel , Nijjar Reet , Evgeniou Evgenios , Kulkarni Mahendra
Published: October 2012

Necrotising fasciitis (NF) is a rapidly progressive soft tissue infection involving necrosis of subcutaneous tissues. Early surgical intervention reduces mortality, but initial clinical findings are often non-specific and can delay the diagnosis. An 80-year-old patient, presented to our emergency department with pain in her left hip and mild bruising following a fall. An x-ray, requested to investigate a possible hip fracture, in fact demonstrated air in the subcutaneous tissues. She rapidly deteriorated and soon developed blood-filled blisters, crepitus and fixed staining of the skin. She underwent urgent debridement of involved tissues in theatre confirming the diagnosis of NF. The presence of subcutaneous emphysema on plain radiograph as in this case, is extremely specific to the diagnosis of NF. Although other imaging modalities can aid diagnosis these remain as an adjunct rather than a definitive diagnostic tool and should not delay surgical intervention based on clinical findings.
Effect of vibration stimulation on dysbasia of spastic paraplegia in neuromyelitis optica: a possible example of neuronal plasticity
Authors: Lin Hsin-Ni , Nagaoka Masanori , Hayashi Yasuko , Hatori Kozo
Published: October 2012

We analysed the effect of vibration stimulation (VS) on dysbasia of neuromyelitis optica (NMO). The patient was a 36-year-old woman who was diagnosed with NMO and had difficulties in walking. VS was applied to the lower limb muscles on the left, more spastic, side with an ordinary vibrator. The performance of standing up and walking improved with VS. Even with improved performance after VS, the amount of surface EMG of the lower limbs did not increase as a whole, but the EMG patterns among the lower leg muscles changed remarkably. VS produced reciprocity within antagonistic muscles. Variability of EMG amplitudes decreased remarkably during the walking cycle, not only on the vibrated side, but also on the non-vibrated side. The effect lasted longer than several dozen minutes after the cessation of VS. We conjectured that central pattern generator (CPG) and neuronal plasticity were the result of VS.
Isolated cavernous haemangioma of the stomach in a 3-year-old child: an unusual cause of upper GI bleeding
Authors: Attash Saad Muwafaq , Ali Mohammed Sulaiman , Al-Nuaimy Hatim A
Published: October 2012

We present a rare case of a 3-year-old child with a history of recurrent attacks of haematemesis, melena and severe anaemia. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a vascular mass at the fundus and greater curvature of the stomach, CT revealed an ill-circumscribed mass of mixed attenuation in the left upper abdomen, which was related to the fundus and greater curvature of the stomach, extending to the spleen, greater omentum and transverse colon with a homogeneous enhancement following contrast injection suggesting the diagnosis of haemangioma. Explorative laparotomy was done and partial gastrectomy together with splenectomy and omentectomy was performed. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of cavernous haemangioma.
Successful treatment of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusbacteraemia and cholecystitis
Authors: Nepal Santosh Kumar , Giri Smith , Panday Keshav
Published: October 2012

AlthoughStaphylococcus aureuscan cause a variety of infections, involvement of the biliary tract is rare. We present a middle-aged Caucasian woman who presented with methicillin-resistantS aureus(MRSA) bacteraemia. Subsequent investigation revealed a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis with MRSA-positive specimen cultures. The patient showed clinical improvement after vancomycin therapy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This case adds to the growing list of infections that can be attributed to MRSA.
Pneumomediastinum in a trumpeter diagnosed by the presence of Hamman's crunch
Authors: Wilkinson Christopher Graham , Adams Phil C
Published: October 2012

A trumpet player presented with sudden onset chest sounds corresponding with systole. He was otherwise asymptomatic, and the complaint resolved spontaneously. He was diagnosed with pneumomediastinum clinically on the basis of the presence of Hamman's crunch, and was discharged home without complication.
ENHANCING FIRE DEPARTMENT HOME VISITS THROUGH IMPROVED PROGRAM MONITORING
Authors: McDonald E , Frattaroli S , Shields W , Gielen A
Published: October 2012

Background

House fires remain a significant problem in the U.S. and around the world. Despite a decades-long Home Visit (HV) program by the Baltimore City Fire Department (BCFD), including free smoke alarm installation, homes remain unprotected and fire-related injuries persist. We collaborated with BCFD to enhance their HV program and monitor its implementation.

Aims/Objectives/Purpose

To describe HV program enhancements, present novel program monitoring data, and discuss implications for program implementation monitoring in injury prevention programs.

Methods

Focus groups with firefighters identified needed HV program enhancements. When the enhanced HV program was in place, study observers accompanied BCFD teams and documented what transpired at each HV.

Results/Outcomes

Data were collected on 2139 HV conducted between April 2010 to April 2011 after program enhancements were made. Most of the time, BCFD staff followed the new protocol of installing the alarms using screws (73%) and explaining the 10-year lithium battery feature (66%). BCFD staff rarely explained how to use the alarm (18%) or pointed out its ‘hush’ feature (19%). Other educational messages were also conveyed infrequently: carbon monoxide risks (27%), escape planning (25%) and cooking (10%) and electrical (6%) safety. Results were shared with BCFD leadership.

Significance/Contribution to the field

Careful monitoring of program implementation is feasible and necessary to document compliance with protocols, to identify needed program improvements, to better understand program impacts, and to discover additional training needs.
USING THE INTEGRATED BEHAVIOUR CHANGE MODEL (IBCM) TO IDENTIFY INTERVENTION ELEMENTS FOR PROMOTING OPTIMAL CHILD RESTRAINT PRACTICES IN NSW
Authors: Brown J , Burton D , Nikolin S , Crooks P , Hatfield J , Bilston L
Published: October 2012

Background

Poor knowledge of restraint use, and ensuing lower levels of age-appropriate and correct restraint use are common among children whose families speak a language other than English at home in NSW Australia. Behaviour change theories suggest that knowing best practice may not be enough to change behaviour.

Aims/Objectives/Purpose

To identify intervention elements for optimising restraint practices among children from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities in NSW.

Methods

A semi-structured discussion was held in 11 language specific focus groups in Arabic, Assyrian, Cantonese, Mandarin, Vietnamese and Turkish. Pre-existing community groups were used to recruit participants (n=72). Translated transcripts were analysed using the major concepts of the IBCM.

Results/Outcome

Restraint use intent among CALD community carers depends how they perceive their child's safety. Child restraint legislation and enforcement appears to increase parental self-efficacy, however concerns over child comfort may negatively influence parental motivation to comply. Large family size, vehicle size and restraint cost are real environmental constraints in some CALD communities. The government is seen as the most credible information source.

Significance/Contribution to the Field

Key messages in interventions targeting CALD communities should be the same as those targeting the mainstream, as determinants of restraint use intent are the same regardless of the population. However, for CALD communities there is a specific need to ensure access to detailed information through appropriate delivery strategies and languages. Furthermore, strategies to address practical constraints are particularly important elements for interventions targeting CALD communities.
CHILD INJURY MORTALITY, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, NATIONALITY AND RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION
Authors: Silbinger O , Ivancovsky M , Frydman E , Weiss O
Published: October 2012

Background

Research has consistently shown that low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with an increased risk of child injury mortality (CIM). However, other social factors may influence CIM as well. In Israel, there are two additional demographic factors: nationality (Jews vs Arabs) and the level of religious affiliation among Jews (Ultra Orthodox vs Non-Ultra Orthodox) that might affect the relationship between SES and CIM.

Purpose

To examine the relationship between these three demographic factors and CIM.

Methods

Analysis of census data (2003–2009) of CIM in 116 municipalities; covering over 90% of the children in Israel. The municipalities are divided into three SES levels, three nationalities (Jews, Arabs and Mixed), and two levels of religious affiliation among Jews (Ultra Orthodox and Non-Ultra Orthodox).

Results

CIM rates in municipalities were higher for low SES than for high SES (OR=2, 95%, CI 1.6 to 2.5), and higher for Arabs than for Jews (OR=2.6, 95% CI 2.2 to 3.0). However, among the Jewish municipalities there is no clear relation between SES level and CIM rates; CIM rates are lower for Ultra Orthodox than for Non-Ultra Orthodox municipalities (OR=0.3, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.6), although the Ultra Orthodox municipalities include 90% of the Jewish children in the low SES.

Significance

Although both the Arab and the Ultra Orthodox populations are characterised by low SES and high birth rates, we found that CIM rates are much higher for Arab municipalities than for Jewish Ultra Orthodox municipalities. Therefore, nationality and religious affiliation (among Jews) are as important as SES in predicting CIM.
COMPARING CHILD PRODUCT SAFETY CONCERNS WITH INJURY INCIDENTS: DOES THE EVIDENCE SUPPORT THE RESPONSE?
Authors: McKenzie K , Limbong J , Strachan D
Published: October 2012

Background

Efficient effective child product safety (PS) responses require data on hazards, injury severity and injury probability. PS responses in Australia largely rely on reports from manufacturers/retailers, other jurisdictions/regulators, or consumers. The extent to which reactive responses reflect actual child injury priorities is unknown.

Aims/Objectives/Purpose

This research compared PS issues for children identified using data compiled from PS regulatory data and data compiled from health data sources in Queensland, Australia.

Methods

PS regulatory documents describing issues affecting children in Queensland in 2008–2009 were compiled and analysed to identify frequent products and hazards. Three health data sources (ED, injury surveillance and hospital data) were analysed to identify frequent products and hazards.

Results/Outcomes

Projectile toys/squeeze toys were the priority products for PS regulators with these toys having the potential to release small parts presenting choking hazards. However, across all health datasets, falls were the most common mechanism of injury, and several of the products identified were not subject to a PS system response. While some incidents may not require a response, a manual review of injury description text identified child poisonings and burns as common mechanisms of injuries in the health data where there was substantial documentation of product-involvement, yet only 10% of PS system responses focused on these two mechanisms combined.

Significance/contribution to the field

Regulatory data focused on products that fail compliance checks with ‘potential’ to cause harm, and health data identified actual harm, resulting in different prioritisation of products/mechanisms. Work is needed to better integrate health data into PS responses in Australia.
DEVELOPMENT OF A STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE FIRMNESS OF INFANT SLEEP SURFACES
Authors: Barker R , Somers R
Published: October 2012

Background

Over a period of many years, good quality research has pointed to an association between infant mortality and overly soft sleep surfaces. Caregivers are advised to use ‘firm’ mattresses, but there are no international definitions of what is firm enough.

Aims/Objectives/Purpose

The aim of this work was to specify a test method and a performance criterion by which to identify infant sleep surfaces that are sufficiently firm to prevent ‘sleep accidents’ (asphyxiation), part of the SIDS spectrum.

Methods

A panel of experts, working individually, examined a range of sleep surfaces and provided subjective views of acceptable product firmness. The consensus was then specified in terms of laboratory measured performance. Based on these measurements, a simple test instrument was developed.

Results/Outcomes

The test instrument was validated against a research instrument used in Germany to compare the sleep surfaces of fatal infant cases and surviving matched controls. The test instrument replicated the sensitivity and specificity of the research instrument on products in Australia and the USA.

Significance/Contribution to the Field

The availability of a practical test for assessing minimum acceptable firmness of infant sleep surfaces has allowed for the planned adoption of a world-first standard test method in Australia and New Zealand. A do-it-yourself version of the apparatus can be easily constructed by parents for their own use.
BUILDING A SUSTAINABLE SAFE COMMUNITIES NETWORK: THE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Stein-Harris D
Published: October 2012

Background

Over the 20+ years of the International Safe Communities movement, the model did not gain traction in the USA until the National Safety Council (NSC) spearheaded the development of Safe Communities America in 2007. Since then, NSC has promoted this community-coalition model, mentored and supported communities, and now have a network of 21 successful, internationally designated communities, including three universities.

Aims/Objectives/Purpose

The goal of the NSC/Safe Communities America network is to reduce the number of injuries and deaths in the USA.

Methods

(1) Provide guidance, tools, training in evaluation, leadership, coalition building and sustainability through regular correspondence and hosting of an annual networking conference including training. (2) Initiate research that demonstrates that people living in a county that is a designated Safe Community are safer than comparable counties.

Results/Outcomes

The networking conference provides a national forum for sharing proven and promising programmes. Communities have initiated key local strategies as a result of their participation in important injury areas that might not otherwise have been done. Results of our initial research indicates that communities that are designated Safe Communities have 9% fewer fatalities than comparable counties in the US.

Significance

By encouraging the development of Safe Communities through on-going mentoring, training, as well as providing evidence that their efforts are working, viable and sustainable networks have developed that will provide a continuous stream of new and innovative solutions to community safety.
METHODOLOGY TO PROMOTE INTERAGENCY WORK BETWEEN COMMUNITARIAN ORGANISATION AND GOVERNMENT. EXPERIENCE FROM CALI, COLOMBIA
Authors: Galvis K , Osorio A , Nieto Gil L , María I Gutiérrez
Published: October 2012

Background

During a pilot intervention in Cali, Colombia was designed a methodology to promote collaborative work at the communitarian level, at the governmental level and between them. First of all, there was a process to identify priority issues, zones in the community, and age groups. Those were identified by three communitarian groups and a group of governmental representatives.

Aims/Objectives/Purpose

To promote collaborative work at communitarian and governmental level to reduce injury prevention. To create a new scenario to approach communitarian initiatives and governmental interventions focus on same issues, zones and populations groups.

Methods

There was designed a workshop methodology to meet the groups that are developing programmes in the same zone, issues and age groups. They were divided in four round tables with one moderator. Each representative from the government and the community was invited to present their work on injury and violence prevention finding common experiences that are going on in same issues, zones, and ages groups. Those which are suitable to work in a collaborative way sign a partnership agreement.

Results/Outcome

There was a great participation from all levels, 40 agreements were signed and more collaborative work was reach after this experience. The methodology will be reply in more communitarian groups this year.

Significance/Contribution to the Field

This experience can be reply in others countries to promote multi-sectorial approaches for injury and violence prevention. Strengthening common experiences in the same field it is a crucial factor to make more effective injury preventions programmes.
BUILDING OF A FRAMEWORK FOR THE IMPLEMENATION OF AN INJURY PREVENTION STRATEGY: AN ALBERTA, CANADA EXAMPLE
Authors: Belton K , MacDonald N , Voaklander D
Published: October 2012

Background

The Alberta injury death rate per 100 000 has remained unchanged from 1999 (47.1) to 2008 (48.3). TheAlberta Injury Control Strategy(AICS) was developed to address this need.

Aims/Objectives/Purpose

The purpose was to develop an implementation plan for the AICS. The Plan aims to accomplish results these areas: engage Albertans, to make the injury issue a priority and reduce the frequency and severity of injuries.

Methods

A Steering Committee comprised of top bureaucrats from 13 ministries within the Alberta Government was created to oversee the development and execution of the implementation plan for the AICS.

Results/Outcome

A framework was developed identifying actions to be taken across all ministries within the Provincial government. Three types of actions were identified. Core actions—essential actions to be taken to achieve the intended outcomes. Supporting actions—integral to all injury prevention initiatives and supporting the outcomes for each of the core actions. Promoting actions—actions that promote initiatives that are already underway.

Significance/Contribution to the Field

This document provides a template for use by all stakeholders involved in injury prevention regardless of the type of injury. Although specific injury priorities are identified, it is intended that all organisations, communities and individuals will be able to identify actions they can take to reduce injuries.
FATAL INJURY IN THE AGEING WORKFORCE
Authors: Ozanne-Smith J , Jones C , Watson W , Kitching F
Published: October 2012

Background

Australia's workforce is ageing due to demographic and economic factors.

Aims

(1) To describe the dimensions, nature, and external causes of fatalities in workers aged 55 years and older, Australia, 2000–2009. (2) To provide baseline data for future studies. (3) To investigate the preparedness of high risk industries and workers for the safety of the ageing workforce.

Methods

Retrospective descriptive cohort data for workers aged 55 years and older (2000–2009) were extracted from population-based mortality data and analysed by age, gender, industry, occupation, and external cause. Subsequent studies investigated the preparedness of industry (stakeholder interviews) and workers (focus groups) for ageing workforce safety in the agriculture, transport and construction industries.

Results

Of 2283 unintentional work-related fatalities: 336 were aged 55 years or older; 218 were 55–64; 83 were 65–74; 35 were 75 years or older; and 96.3% male. Industries with the most deaths among older workers wereagriculture(37.8%),transport(19.3%) andconstruction(16.6%). Common themes among industry stakeholders included: awareness of the ageing workforce, the impact of ongoing heavy physical labour, and related management issues; an assumption that general safety initiatives will adequately cover older worker safety; and concerns about older worker compensation liabilities. The focus group study is in progress and results will be reported.

Significance

Older worker deaths are a significant problem which will likely grow with workforce ageing. Employers and work authorities will need to consider the specific characteristics and vulnerabilities of older workers to enable implementation of appropriate injury prevention strategies for this population.
MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES ARE PREVENTED BY A UNIQUE DISCOMFORT, PAIN AND INJURY (DPI) MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME. AN OVERVIEW (AUGUST 2006 – FEBRUARY 2012)
Authors: Polaczuk C
Published: October 2012

Background

The Preventing and Managing Discomfort, Pain and Injury Programme (DPI Programme) was launched in August 2006 to address both the prevention and management of musculoskeletal conditions in the workplace. The programme is based on a multifactorial and holistic approach to these problems in the workplace.

The DPI Programme is unique in its approach and has become the largest workplace musculoskeletal injury prevention programme in New Zealand (4,200 members to date).

Objective

To reduce musculoskeletal injuries in New Zealand workplaces by combining three pre-existing national workplace programmes into single coherent and effective discomfort, pain and injury (DPI) prevention programme.

Methods

The DPI programme was developed in collaboration with workplace health providers and practitioners. Training programmes were developed and delivered, free resources were produced, and the DPI concepts were progressively embedded into a wide range of industry and workplace health and safety resources.

Results

This overview document includes graphs and data showing the significant annual claims reductions achieved over the life of the programme.

Conclusions

The DPI programme has enabled ACC to make significant reductions in the cost of workplace musculoskeletal injury claims.

Significance to injury prevention

This overview provides a history of the programme from conception through implementation, explains its rationale, and details what has been achieved in the first five years. This overview will be of interest to those working in and developing workplace injury prevention programmes as well as DPI programme members, partners and stakeholders.
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NON-FATAL ROAD INJURIES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors: Law TH , Umar RS Radin , Wong SV
Published: October 2012

Background

Economic growth has been found to have a concave effect on road deaths. Road deaths increase at lower income levels, but decrease once has exceeded a threshold level. One would expect that, if the inverted U-shaped relationship for road deaths is valid, many road deaths would now be labelled as non-fatal road injuries at higher income levels.

Objectives

The study's objective is to understand how economic growth affects non-fatal road injuries and what factors underlie this relationship.

Methods

We apply a fixed effects negative binomial regression analysis on a panel dataset of 91 countries over the period 1963–2009. A number of variables that are related to the development of a country, such as improvements in medical services, democracy, political stability, vehicles per capita, the percentage of population live in urban areas, and adult alcohol consumption rate are included to account for this relationship.

Results

Results indicate that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and non-fatal road injuries. The evidence presented in this study suggests that improvement in regulatory institution quality is accompanied by a lower number of non-fatal road injuries. On the other hand, improvements in medical care and technology, which have a reducing effect on road deaths, are associated with increases in non-fatal road injuries.

Significance

Results indicate that policies focused on improving the quality of regulatory institutions should be implemented alongside other strategies that are designed to improve medical care and technology, in order to achieve a sustainable improvement in road safety.
INCREASING SEATBELT USE AND POTENTIAL LIVES SAVED IN ONE REGION OF RUSSIA
Authors: Ma S , Li Q , Klyavin V , Slyunkina E , Zambon F , He H , Hyder AA
Published: October 2012

Background

The use of seatbelts is an important means of reducing the risk of death or serious injury; yet the seatbelt use rate in Russia is not optimal. The Road Safety 10-Country (RS-10) Project, implemented social marketing campaigns and other interventions since November 2010 in Lipetskaya Oblast, Russia.

Aims/Objectives/Purpose

To evaluate the initial impact of these interventions in improving seatbelt use and preventing deaths in the future.

Methods

Five rounds of observational studies were conducted on the use of seatbelts in the Lipetskaya region during October 2010 and December 2011. Data were collected in six districts and three different road types, making a total of 18 sites in each round. We also predicted the number of deaths avoided through increased seatbelt use among drivers and front seat passengers.

Results

In the baseline, a total of 26 897 vehicles and 41 921 drivers and passengers were observed, among which 56% of drivers, 58% front seat passengers, and only 7% of back seat passengers were observed to use seatbelts. Since the implementation of the interventions, seatbelt use has continuously increased: among drivers, it increased from 56% to 75%; among front seat passengers, it increased from 58% to 78% in December 2011. Our estimated number of lives saved among drivers and front seat passengers through increased seatbelt use ranges between 18 and 23 deaths in 2011.

Significance/Contribution to the Field

This study at sub-national level in Russia shows initially promising effects of road safety interventions in improving seatbelt use and preventing future deaths.
REVISION OF JAPANESE SAFETY STANDARDS OF BICYCLE WHEEL GUARD FOR PREVENTING CHILDHOOD INJURY DUE TO WHEEL SPOKE
Authors: Yamanaka T , Kitamura K , Nishida Y
Published: October 2012

Background/Purpose

Based on our collected 17 966 cases of injury data, frequency distributions of injured parts of body (figure 1) can be calculated and it is useful for understanding trends of injuries. One of the most frequently injured parts due to bicycle is heel. We found more than 80% of the cases are injury due to wheel's spoke when children sit on a rear seat. To improve bicycle, it is necessary to collect children's body size data, especially data on the region that children's heel can reach.Figure 1

Frequency distribution of injury due to bicycle.

Figure 2

Visualising software of reachable range.

Methods

To clarify the reachable range of child's foot when they sit on rear seat, we conducted an experiment for measuring child's body size and we developed software for estimating reachable range based on the measured body size data. The subjects are 197 children aged from 1-year-old to 9-years-old.

Results

The result shows that the average value increases about 24 mm as a child's age increases 1-year-old. The safety standard of bicycle wheel guard was revised in November 2011 based on our data. According to revised standard, distance between seating face of rear seat and rear wheel must be more than 350 mm.

Conclusions

We found that data on injured body parts is useful for identifying a problem due to a consumer product such as a bicycle since it allows us to analyse injury data statistically and visually. To solve the identified problem, systematic measurement of children's body size is required.
PRE-INJURY AND INJURY-RELATED PREDICTORS OF DISABILITY 3 AND 12 MONTHS AFTER INJURY: HOSPITALISED AND NON-HOSPITALISED
Authors: Derrett S , Samaranayaka A , Wilson S , Langley JD , Ameratunga S , Cameron ID , Lilley R , Wyeth E , Davie G
Published: October 2012

Background

Most studies of injury outcome are restricted to hospitalised people. Little is known about outcomes for those not hospitalised, and few studies have used validated measures of disability.

Aims

We identify factors associated with disability among hospitalised and non-hospitalised people, 3- and 12-months after injury.

Methods

The Prospective Outcomes of Injury Study recruited participants (n=2856) via New Zealand's no-fault injury compensation insurer (ACC) database. A wide range of pre-injury demographic, health and injury-related characteristics were collected at interview. Injury severity scores (NISS) and 12 injury categories were derived from ICD-10 codes. The World Health Organisation's WHODAS 12-item instrument was used to assess disability. Multivariable analyses examine relationships between explanatory variables and disability at both time-points.

Results

Disability was prevalent among hospitalised and non-hospitalised participants, 3-months after injury (54% and 39% respectively). In both groups pre-injury disability, obesity and more severe injuries were associated with increased odds of post-injury disability. A range of other pre-injury demographic, health and injury-related factors were associated with disability, but only in one group for example, female (OR=1.78), ≥2 chronic conditions (OR=1.92) or leg fracture (OR=3.50) among hospitalised; age 35–54 years (OR=1.40), trouble accessing healthcare (OR=1.92), spine sprains/strains (OR=2.21) and assault (OR=3.04) among non-hospitalised.

Significance

Post-injury disability is prevalent, regardless of being hospitalised or not. Apart from pre-injury disability, obesity and higher injury severity, factors associated with increased odds of disability were not common to both groups. Where possible, studies which include both hospitalised, and non-hospitalised, are likely to increase our understanding of disability outcomes.
TOWARDS A FUTURE WITHOUT VIOLENCE: A COMMUNITY VIOLENCE PREVENTION STRATEGY FOR THE NORTH METROPOLITAN AREA OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Costello D , Stevely S , Niven J
Published: October 2012

Background

The Injury Control Council of WA (ICCWA) and the North Metropolitan Area Health Service (NMAHS) formed a partnership in 2009 to address concerns around community violence in the North Metropolitan Area of Western Australia expressed by both agencies as well as community members.

Objectives

Facilitate collaboration to develop, promote and implement strategies to reduce community violence in the North Metropolitan Area of Western Australia.

Method

ICCWA developed and utilised a Community Violence Prevention Project Model based on a sustainable community development approach. Aspects include literature reviews, stakeholder engagement and the establishment of a reference group. Ongoing consultation with stakeholders was integral to ICCWA's approach.

Outcome

Coordination and delivery of a Community Violence Forum 2010 involving over 100 key stakeholders.

• Completion of ‘scoping project’ to assess gaps in community violence service areas and priorities for programme implementation.

• Development and publication of a comprehensive Strategy for the Prevention of Community Violence across the North Metropolitan Area.

• Commenced the development of local action planning with a selected community.

Significance

The development of this Community Violence Prevention Strategy represents a unique collaboration between ICCWA, a peak non-government organisation and the NMAHS. Involvement from politicians, WA Police, health professionals and the broader community supports the framework that this strategy provides for ongoing work to prevent community violence.