bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AKTIVITAS SGOT, SGPT DI PENDERITA LUKA BAKAR SEDANG DAN BERAT
Authors: Hidayah Sri Nurul , . Mutmainnah , Samad H. Ibrahim Abd.
Published: October 2018

Burn injury is a kind of trauma with the high mortality and morbidity rate that needs special treatment since the very first phaseup to the end. this study targeted medium to severe burns, limited to liver complications. the objective of this study is to calculate andobserve the difference Sgot, SgPt activities in medium and severe burns. the Methods of this study was Cross Sectional, we conductedon 42 subjects with medium to severe burns, Hospitalised during the period of June 2005 to May 2007 at DR.Wahidin Sudirohusodohospital of Makassar. the data were calculated and statistically analysed using the SPSS V.11.5. We obtained of 12 (28.6%) mediumburn injuries and 30 (71.4%) severe burn injuries. In medium burn subjects the got showed normal activities in 6 subjects (50%) andhigh activities in 6 subjects (50%), the gPt showed normal activities in 8 subjects (66,7%) and high activities in 4 subjects (33.3%).In severe burn subjects the got showed normal activities in 6 subjects (20%) and high activities in 24 subjects (80%), the gPt showednormal activities in 13 subjects (43.3%) and high activities in 17 subjects (56.7%). there was no significant difference in the increasingactivities of Sgot and SgPt in either medium or severe burns, where p > 0.05. Increased activities of SgPt and Sgot was higher insevere burns than in medium ones. It was also obtained that increasing Sgot activities was found more often than SgPt in patientswith either medium or severe burns.
KESEPANCARAN (HOMOLOGI) LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA JARINGAN DISTRIBUSI AIR DAN PNEUMONIA NOSOKOMIAL
Authors: . Noormartany
Published: October 2018

L. pneumophila is one of the nosocomial pneumonia causes that contaminated hospital water distribution system. The aim of this study was to determine the homology between L. pneumophila 16S rRNA base sequence found in the water distribution systemand the sequence derived from the sputum of nosocomial pneumonia patients identified at RSHS Bandung as well as the homology of L. pneumophila 16S rRNA found in the same system network. The study also include the nosocomial pneumonia patients at RSHSBandung with L. pneumophila from GenBank. The research using descriptive bioinformatics BLAST method by comparative analyticapproach, which performed from April 2006 to February 2008. The material consists of 60 biofilm samples from water distributionsystem and pneumonia nosocomial patient's sputum is positive L.pneumophila from water distribution system in her/his room. Inthe result was found: out of the 60 biofilm samples from the water distribution system, there are seven (7) L. pneumophila positivePCR and culture. During the 12 months of observation, there is only one (1) out of 31 pneumonia nosocomial patients with positively L. pneumophila PCR and culture. The conclusion so far can be mentioned that: The water distribution system in RSHS for patient roomsmay become the source for nosocomial pneumonia transmission of L. pneumophila and also was detected a new species of L. pneumophilathat is genetically different from that has been found in GenBank.
TROMBOSIT ABNORMAL PASCAPERSALINAN
Authors: . Prihatini , Hadi S. , Sylvaranto Wijanda H T , . Maksum
Published: October 2018

Pregnant women with cardio vascular failure caused by hypertension may show pre-eclampsia or eclampsia syndrome. The syndromewas confirmed by the hypertension family history when she was pregnant or during labour formerly. The influence was shown in thehaematological examination, besides inducing hypertension during pregnancy. The examination must be an accurate laboratory procedureto avoid complication. The routine obstetric examination should be a physical, laboratory as well as USG one. Exspecially laboratoryexamination for pre-eclampsic and eclampsic patients like clinical chemistry, blood examination, urinalysis and special examinationas ANA, ACA and TAT The result of laboratoric examination showed anemic,trombosits was normal and TAT abnormal. The baby wasborn normal. After 3 months post labour the result of TAT still hyper-reactive especially for ADP agonist and hypo-reactive for collagenagonist. This patient have a trombosit function failure based on TAT and must be care to cardiovascular disease. Pregnant women withpre-eclamptic or eclamptic risk must be monitored the trombosit function beside clinical laboratoric and obstetric examinations
ANALISIS CD4 PADA PENATALAKSANAAN PASIEN KOINFEKSI HIV-TB
Authors: Kadir Nursin Abd. , Sennang Nurhayana , . Hardjoeno
Published: October 2018

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic has increased the burden of tuberculosis (TB) among young adults, especially in populations where the prevalence of TB infection is high like Indonesia. TB is the most common opportunistic infection on HIV patients(50%) in developing countries. CD4 also known as T helper lymphocytes are coordinators of body`s immune response, and it has beendeclining in HIV infection and be worsened by TB infection. CD4 count are standard laboratory marker of disease progression to followupandprognosisantiretroviraltherapyinHIVinfection.AimstoseethevalueofCD4countofHIV-TBco-infectedpatientsbeforeandafterantituberculosistogetherwithantiretroviraltherapy.AlongitudinalstudywasconductedbycollectingsecondarydatafromthemedicalrecordandtheresultsofClinicalPathologyLaboratoryofHIV-TBco-infectedpatientsatWahidinSudirohusodoHospitalperiodJuly2007–August2008.DatawereanalyzedbyWilcoxonSignedRankTestandMannWhitneyTestwitha=0.05.Totalsamples(n)were20patients(14patientswithcontinoustherapyand6uncontinoustherapy).WefounddifferentmeansbetweenCD4countbeforeandafterTherapy.CD4countbeforetherapywas71.15±81.04andaftertherapywas114.95±109.71(p=0.089)withWilcoxonSignedRankTest.Theanalyzedwerecontinuedbydividedsamplesincontinousgroupcomparedwithuncontinousgrouptherapy.TheresultshowedtheCD4alterationincontinousgroupwas853.8%anduncontinousgroupwas-56.6%wherep=0.000(MannWhitneytest).CD4counthasincreasedsignificantlyinHIV-TBco-infectedpatients8.5foldfromCD4baselinewithcontinoustherapyandtheuncontinous one has decreased 0.5 fold from CD4 baseline.
KADAR KOLESTEROL HDL TERUKUR MENGGUNAKAN REAGEN CHOLESTEST N HDL DAN HDL-C PLUS GENERASI KETIGA
Authors: Meinardi Ichwan , Arif Mansyur
Published: October 2018

The using of the open reagent system tools gives the possibility to choose the best quality of reagents including the reagent for HDLcholesterol concentration test. Hitachi 902 (Roche) as an open reagent system tool may used Cholestest N HDL (Daichi) as the firstHDL reagent and HDL-C plus 3rd generation reagent (Roche). The aim of this study was to know the correlation of HDL cholesterolconcentrations using Cholestest N HDL and HDL-C plus 3rd generation reagents measured by Hitachi 902. A cross sectional study wasdone from April to June 2008 at Ratulangi Medical Centre Laboratory, Makassar. The HDL cholesterol concentration was measured byHitachi 902 using Cholestest N HDL and HDL-C plus 3rd generation reagents. Sample was analyzed with SPSS 14 for Windows Programusing T test and Pearson Correlation. Among 80 samples we found the mean HDL concentration using Daichi reagent was 46.19 mg/dlranging from 34.99 mg/dl to 57.39 mg/dl and the mean using Roche 3rd reagent was 48.35 mg/dl ranging from 35.18 mg/dl to 61.52mg/dl, with p = 0.098 and Pearson Correlation was r = 0.967 with p = 0.000.There was no difference between HDL concentrationdetected by Cholestest N HDL and HDL-C plus 3rd generation reagents.
PENGELOLAAN LABORATORIUM UNIT GAWAT DARURAT
Authors: Nugraha J.
Published: October 2018

The need for comprehensive and independent services in the emergency unit led to a need for a special laboratory organization inthe unit. The simple laboratory organization has a special character that has a rapid and an accurate result, but it only provides certainparameters, which related to emergency condition. In the emergency unit laboratory tests are preferred to support the procedure ofdiagnosis and clinical decisions rather than to ensure that definitive diagnosis can be continued later, when the patient was moved tothe ward. The test is chosen to support the diagnosis of diseases which requiring immediate treatment, such as myocardial infarction,stroke, emergency surgery preparation, the diagnosis of infection and electrolyte tests and blood gas analysis especially for critically illpatients. Back up instruments should be provided that can be operated anytime when there is congestion, an ideally means that willnot interrupted the services. The laboratory needs an emergency unit that can be served by means of a simple, fast, accurate thoroughtest, and it is cheap as well. The unit should also linked to LIS and HIS. So that the results can be known or accepted in all parts of thehospital. The advantage of a special laboratory emergency unit in this case may accelerate the time of service as well as saving energyand the communications will be more simple, compared to the central laboratory, and should be operated for 24 hours.
IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA
Authors: . Alvina , Aulia Diana
Published: October 2018

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is an autoimunne disease with low platelet count and bleeding manifestation like purpura, echymosis, petechie, mucosa membrane bleeding. The cause of ITP is platelet coated with specific thrombocyte autoantibody. Idiopathicthrombocytopenic purpura is classified as primary or secondary. The primary ITP is classified as acute and chronic.. Children and adultonset idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura are different. An Acute ITP can be found in children and chronic onset can be found in adult.The duration of bleeding may help to distinguish acute and chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. The diagnosis of idiopathicthrombocytopenic purpura remains one of exclusion after other thrombocytopenic disease are ruled out based on history and needanamnesa, physical examination, thrombocyte count, perifer blood smear examination, bone marrow smear examination. The treatmentis to raise the platelet count into a hemostatically safe range. This article presented a study case of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpuraon an old woman with DIC which caused her death.
EPIDEMIOLOGI DAN DIAGNOSIS KEDOKTERAN LABORATORIK INFEKSI VIRUS H1N1
Authors: Sembiring J , Sianipar O
Published: October 2018

H1N1 virus is an influenza virus family orthomyxoviridae, which clinical symptoms consist of: fever, cough, sore throat and headache. The virus can spread from person to person through airborne droplets and so a good infection control in the community or in healthworkers is needed, for instance by washing hands properly and PPE (Personal Protective Equipment). In October 4, 2009 there were over375.000 reported cases in which 4500 people were died. On June 11, 2009 the WHO stairs announced that H1N1 is the first pandemicin the 21st century. (The Indonesia people province was infecting by H1N1with 20 deaths until August 5, 2009). The purpose of thisarticle is to find out the epidemiological aspects as well as the diagnosis of influenza A H1N1 virus. From the website was found about1.110.000 sources, and after downloading them are selected as they are written only in the bibliography. From the searched informationobtained, it was known that H1N1 infection diagnosis begins with the discovery of heat (temperature â‰¥ 100° F [37.8° C]) and cough or sore throat. No cause other than influenza that is called with ILI was found. The informed laboratory examination is divided into three parts are confirmed if ILI was found as well as the virus in the throat or nasal swab by RT-PCR and/or virus culture; probably the ILIhas positive results of influenza A RT-PCR, but if the results are negative including the laboratorial findings, the basis of epidemiologyin this case was only suspected. Laboratory plays an important role in the establishing of the H1N1 infection diagnosis Rapid diagnosisis important to reduce infection, to protect patients from complications by antiviral treatment in the right time and also to provideimmediate information for the public.
PEMBERIAN PROTEIN ADHESIN 38-KILODALTON MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS PERORAL MENINGKATKAN JUMLAH MAKROFAG DAN LIMFOSIT USUS MENCIT BALB/c
Authors: Triliana Rahma , Kartosen Ade A , Puspitasari Dianika P , Murwani Sri , Santoso Sanarto , Arthamin Maimun Z
Published: October 2018

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), is one of the world health problems. Oral vaccination of M.tb hasa potential to reduce the risk and complication of TB. The 38-kDa adhesin protein as one of oral TB vaccine candidates has not beenproven. This study is aimed to determine M.tb 38-kDa adhesin protein effect on macrophage and lymphocyte numbers in mice intestineafter an oral administration. BALB/c mice (n=20), age 6–8 weeks, and were divided into 4 groups: control (K), adjuvant (A), 38-kDa100Î¼g adhesin protein (P), and combination of 100Î¼g 38-kDa adhesin protein with adjuvant (PA). An oral administration was givenat the beginning with 2 boosters every 4 weeks. After 3 days of the second booster, the mice were killed and the intestine was taken andstained with haematoxylin eosin (HE) to measure its macrophages and lymphocytes number. The mean ±2SD were 18.4 (3.71) and6.09 (0.34), 23.0 (7.78) and 8.86 (1.19), 42.2 (13.63) and 23.49 (3.91), 95.4 (30.11), and 53.57 (13.79) respectively for K, A, Pand PA group. The statistical test showed a significant difference among each group revealing the role of M.tb 38-kDa adhesin proteinas immunogenic inducing cellular immunity in intestine. In this study, so far it was found that the oral administration of M. tb 38-kDaadhesin protein has an ability to increase macrophage and lymphocyte numbers in the mice intestinal BALB/c.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA FLAGGING ATYPDEP DI ALAT CELL-DYN 3200 DAN KEBERADAAN PLASMODIUM Spp DI DALAM DARAH PENDERITA DI RSUD DR.SOETOMO SURABAYA
Authors: Rohani Esti , Nugraha J
Published: October 2018

Malaria is a parasitic disease worldwide with a high morbidity and mortality. A rapid and accurate methods is needed to detectthe presence of malaria parasites in blood. A flagging system atypical depolarization (atypdep) on CBC result from Cell-Dyn 3200instrument has been related with malaria infection. An observational cross sectional approach with a total of 48 samples were obtainedfrom inpatients in the Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. Samples were screened with Cell-Dyn 3200 analyzer for CBC found atypdepflagging. The positive samples were later confirmed by microscopic to detect malaria parasites. From 48 samples with atypdep flagging,seven samples were positive of malaria in peripheral blood smear (13.1%). Most frequent atypdep flagging was seen in malignant disease(18.7), an approximately 54.6% of the sample is not accompanied by symptoms of fever. Lekositosis and anemia were found in each of20 samples (41.6%) and thrombocytopenia in 33.3% of the samples. The presence of atypdep flagging does not necessarily indicate theexistence of malaria infection or it could be said that atypdep flagging is not always associated with the presence of malaria infection.The usage of an atypdep flagging on Cell-Dyn instrument in non-endemic areas such as Surabaya is just an alert sign to evaluate themalaria infection rather than a screening method to detect malaria.
PENGARUH (EFEK) KEMOTERAPI TERHADAP KERJA (AKTIVITAS) ENZIM TRANSAMINASE DI PENDERITA KANKER PAYUDARA
Authors: Leppong Helena , Mutmainnah Mutmainnah , Bahrun Uleng
Published: October 2018

Breast cancer is one of the malignancies with unknown exact aetiology. The management of breast cancer can be done by severalways including it's related chemotherapy. This therapy leads to cancer cells damage as well as healthy liver cells. Aspartate transaminase(AST) and Alanine transaminase (ALT) are the sensitive parameters to evaluate hepatocellular damage, the levels will raise rapidly inliver cells injury. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chemotherapy in the activity of liver transaminase enzymes ofbreast cancer patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted by taking data from Medical Records of breast cancer patients who receivedchemotherapy at the Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar during the period of May 2008–May 2009. The data were analyzedstatistically by t-Test using SPSS software for Windows version 11.5. From 71 evaluated samples, the level of the liver transaminaseenzymes in all grades of cancer did not show a significant change (p>0.05). Chemotherapy of breast cancer patients does not increasethe activity of transaminase enzymes. In this study, the level of AST and ALT in chemotherapy patients can not predict the liver functiondisorder.
AIR GANDARUSA (Justicia gendarussa Burm. f.) DAN GAMBARAN GEN HYALURONIDASE LEWAT ANALISIS PCR
Authors: Utami Sri Lestari , Restanto Didik P. , EW Bambang Prajogo
Published: October 2018

Gandarusa (J. gendarussa Burm. f.) is an etnomedicine which is used as a male contraceptive alternative, known to inhibit the enzymefunction of spermatozoa hyaluronidase during fertilization. One of the ideal contraceptive conditions is the safetyness (among others nonmutagenic), requiring a long research during the verification process. The early research is the gene expression of hyaluronidase mice(M.musculus L.) testis given water fraction of the gandarusa with PCR analysis. The total RNA was isolated from the normal mice testis(as the negative control or no treatment group) and the mice testis from the treatment groups. The treatment groups consisted of group Iand II treated with water fraction of the gandarusa 15 mg/20 gr BW and 7.5 mg/20 gr BW, subsequently, the positive control group wasalso given hesperidins 1 mg/20 gr BW once a day per oral during the 1.5 times of spermatogenesis cycle (for 55 days). The results of thestudy showed that (1) the cDNA fragment confirmed as the gene of hyaluronidase mice testis (with 710 bp length of nucleotide) passedthrough RT-PCR at the total RNA negative control group, sequenced, isolated and alignment in the NCBI gene bank. (2) the same cDNAfragment gene of hyaluronidase mice testis (from the negative control group) did not transcript in the treatment I and positive controlgroups (where there is no band), but this gene will be transcripted in the treatment II group (where the band is emerged).
PENDEKATAN STEWART DALAM pH DARAH YANG MENDASARI ASIDOSIS METABOLIK
Authors: Efrida Efrida , Parwati Ida , Redjeki Ike Sri
Published: October 2018

Metabolic acidosis is the most frequent acid-base disorder in patients of the Intensive Care Unit. By conventional approach based onpH value, [HCO3–], and base deficit (BD) from blood gas analyzer (BGA) measurement are often inappropriate with the clinical stateand inadequate in explaining the mechanism of the metabolic acidosis. The Stewart approach states that the blood pH is determinedby a strong ion difference (SID), the carbon dioxide tension (pCO2), the total concentration of non-volatile weak acid. The Stewartapproach may give a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the metabolic acidosis. The purpose of this study is to knowthe correlation of blood pH value measurement from BGA and calculation based on Stewart approach and identifying the mechanismsthat underlie a metabolic acidosis. In this study an analytic observational cross-sectional method was used. The examined subjectsconsisted of 71 patients who were admitted with a metabolic acidosis at the ICU from July up to August 2007. All patients were measuredfor their blood pH, pCO2, [HCO3–], BD, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, lactate, albumin, and phosphate. The resultwas reported as the mean and standard deviation. The data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation test and linier multiple regression.Statistical significance was determined at p < 0.05. The mean values of blood pH measurement from BGA and blood pH calculationbased on the Stewart approach were 7.33 (0.11) and 7.49 (0.11) (r = 0.681; p < 0.001). Most patients had two underlying mechanisms ofmetabolic acidosis. Hyperlactatemia was present in 61.8%, hyperchloremia was present in 58.2% of patients. Based on this study so far,by using the Stewart approach there is an excellent and significant correlation between the blood pH measurement from BGA and bloodpH calculation. Hyperlactatemia and hyperchloremia are the main causes of the metabolic acidosis in patients of the ICU ward.
KUMAN DAN KEPEKAAN ANTIMIKROBA DI KASUS PATAH TULANG TERBUKA
Authors: Tandirogang Yanty , Esa Tenri , Sennang Nurhayana
Published: October 2018

About 70% of all nosocomial infections occur in surgical patients. In open fracture, there is contact with the environment or unsterilebody compartment, so that bacterial contamination may occur and cause infection. Besides debridement, prophylactic antibiotics havebeen used as a standard procedure in the open fracture management. This procedure may cause antibiotics resistance leading to increasethe number of infections. The aim of this retrospective study was to know the characteristics, microbial pattern, and sensitivity of 35cultures and sensitivity test of open fracture patients in Orthopaedics Department of Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital during the period ofJune 2009–June 2010. The most common bacteria found were Proteus mirabilis (26%), Klebsiella pneumonia (14. 8%), and Providenciaalcalifaciens (14%). The sensitivity test for antimicrobials showed that most of the 19 antimicrobials, were resistant. The sensitiveantimicrobial is Meropenem.
RERATA VOLUME TROMBOSIT, HITUNG LEUKOSIT DAN TROMBOSIT DI APENDISITIS AKUT
Authors: Festiawan Jayadi , Sennang Nurhayana , Samad Ibrahim Abdul
Published: October 2018

The diagnosis of acute appendicitis and its complications still depends on the radiological examination and laparoscopy techniques.The aim of this study was to know the Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), WBC and platelet value in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis,associated with the incidence of existing complications. This research was carried out by a retrospective study by taking secondary datafrom the medical records, including the results of routine blood tests of acute appendicitis patients with and without complications atthe Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital between May 2011âˆ’ May 2012. The data obtained in the study were MPV, White Blood Cell(WBC) and platelet count which were then analyzed using independent T test. The results obtained from 44 samples were that MPVvalues showed a significant difference (p=0.02), while WBC (p=0.12) and platelet count (p=0.13) were statistically not significantlydifferent between patients with and without complications. In conclusion, it was found that acute appendicitis with complications hadhigher MPV average values than those without complications and although there were significant differences between them, these werestill within the normal values.
GENOTIPE DAN SUBTIPE VIRUS HEPATITIS B PENDERITA YANG TERINFEKSI KRONIK AKTIF
Authors: Mastutik Gondo , Juniastuti Juniastuti , Rohman Ali , Amin Mochamad , Setiawan Poernomo Boedi
Published: October 2018

Chronic activivity of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection can lead to liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. The objective of thisstudy was to know by analyzing the distribution of HBV genotypes and subtypes from hepatitis B patients suffering from chronic activehepatitis B infection in Surabaya. The HBV genotypes were determined by comparing the S gene sequences to those kept in the GeneBank. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by means of the unweighted-pair group method using arithmetic averages. Furthermore,the subtypes were deduced based on the prediction of amino acid residues 116 to 183 of HBsAg on multiple sequences alignment withClustalW2. This study involved 20 sera obtained from patients suffering chronic active hepatitis B infection. After PCR and sequencing,it was found that 13 samples could be used for sequence analysis. The results showed that all sequences were clustered into HBV genotypeB. The subtype adw2 was identified from 12 of 13 sequences, whereas one (1) belonged to ayw1. The subtype adw2 is most prevalent inIndonesia, namely in the islands of Sumatra, Java, South Kalimantan, Bali, Lombok, Ternate, and Morotai, while ayw1 is found in theislands of Nusa Tenggara and Moluccas. Based on this study, it was found that the patients with HBV subtype adw2 were from Surabaya, whereas with ayw1 was from Nusa Tenggara. It can be concluded that the HBV infected patients with chronic active hepatitis B inSurabaya have the genotype B with subtype adw2 which was originally from Surabaya, whereas, ayw1 was a patient originally fromNusa Tenggara.
SEKUENS TERAWETKAN TERKAIT HIV-1
Authors: Efrida Efrida , Putra Andani Eka
Published: October 2018

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) have the high levels of genetic variability (molecular variation) related to the mechanismof deletions, insertions, and especially as a recombination. The recombination between subgroups and their inter subtype HIV-1 producesa new virus strain causing a certain infection. Until now there were about 40 circulating recombinant form (CRF) and 100 uniquerecombinant forms (URF) worldwide. Various HIV-1 molecular variation cause pitfalls HIV detection due to the difficulty test designed todetect all HIV-1 strains. The purpose of this study was to know the determination of the molecular variation that can identify the HIV-1genome sequences which are conserved from local isolates of West Sumatera. The method used is a descriptive study on samples of patientssuspected of being infected by HIV-1 based on the antibody screening results using rapid HIV-1 test in the laboratory of Clinical Pathologyat Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang. The RNA isolation and amplification by RT-PCR was performed at the Microbiology Department,Faculty of Medicine of UGM. The amplicons were sequenced using the Sanger method and analyzed by Clustal W with sequence datafrom the HIV its database. The major subtypes of HIV-1 isolates derived from local West Sumatra is AE/B with four (4) isolates (57.1%),followed by subtype AE, 2 isolates (28.6%) and B, 1 isolates (14.3%). Most of the molecular variation in this study related to thesubstitution of one base followed by deletions and insertions. The protease showed a wide variation, which consists of 20–37 substitutionsand 1–3 deletions. p24 is a highly conserved gene, followed by gp120 and vpu. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the isolatesof HIV-1 recombination is the biggest proportion with conserved region found at p24 of protein group of the gag.
KEABSAHAN ENGRAILED-2 DI KANKER PROSTAT
Authors: Yulius Elsa , Parwati Ida , Tjandrawati Anna , T Dewi Kartika
Published: October 2018

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancy of males found worldwide including in Asia, and is the second most commoncause of male death in Western countries. Specific cause of prostate cancer is not yet elucidated, but there are several risk factors as well.The diagnosis of prostate cancer is confirmed by digital rectal examination (DRE), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and a biopsy withtrans-rectal ultrasonography (TRUS). However, the sensitivity of DRE and PSA examinations are low and not good enough to detectprostate cancer. Currently there is a new test called Engrailed-2 (EN2) examination with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)micro method. The test is simple and uninvasive one. This study is aimed to know the validity of urinary EN2 protein level measurementto detect prostate cancer by analysing. This study was conducted at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung between November 2012 untilMarch 2013. This study was a diagnostic test with cross sectional design. The subjects of study were men whom suspected to have prostatecancer by DRE, PSA value (â‰¥4 ng/mL) and TRUS biopsy. Urinary EN2 protein levels were measured using ELISA micro method. Statisticalanalysis used Mann-Whitney test, table 2í—2 and ROC curve. In this study there are 50 subjects, where the result of positive biopsy forprostate cancer were found on 17 subjects and the negative were on 33 subjects. The study results on cut off value of >0.7 ng/mL gavethe sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of 94.12%, 63.64%, 57.1%, 95.5% and 74%,respectively. In conclusion of this study, that the urinary EN2 protein level examination using ELISA micro method has the high sensitivityand moderate specificity, thus these procedure primarily can be used for the screening of prostate cancer.
KADAR HEMOGLOBIN RETIKULOSIT DI ANEMIA DAN NONANEMIA AKIBAT DEFISIENSI BESI ABSOLUT DI GAGAL GINJAL TERMINAL TERKAIT HEMODIALISIS (Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Level of Absolute Iron Deficiency Anemia and NonAbsolute Iron Deficiency Anemia In End State Renal Disease Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis)
Authors: Rachmiwatie Amelia , Noormartany Noormartany , Gondodiputro Rubin Surachno , Prihatni Delita
Published: October 2018

Absolute Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is one of the complications in the End State Renal Disease (ESRD) patients undergoingmaintenance hemodalysis, with an incidence of 76.4%. If this condition is not properly addressed, it can lead to impaired cardiac functionand increased mortality. The incidence of this case is between 30âˆ’45%. The determination of the iron status in ESRD patients wqs setby the Perhimpunan Nefrologi Indonesia 2011 using serum ferritin and transferrin saturation, but they do not provide a meaningfulchange in the value of the initial state of the iron deficiency. This condition should be examined with other parameters combination aswell as those influenced by diurnal variation and infection-inflammation condition. Reticulocyte hemoglobin (Ret-He) parameter canbe used as a marker of bone marrow iron availability because these reticulocytes are young erythrocytes released from the bone marrowinto the circulation. These conditions were circulated only within a short time about 1-2 days before becoming mature erythrocytes. Theaim of this study was to determine the Ret-He level diferentiation between absolute IDA and non absolute IDA states in ESRD patientswhom underwent maintenance hemodialysis. This research was conducted in the Laboratory of Clinical Pathology-RSHS-Bandung fromSeptember 2012 to June 2013. The study design was cross-sectional. All subjects were ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis maintenancefor at least three (3) months and consisted of absolute IDA and non-absolute IDA based on the results of the ferritin and transferrinsaturation calculations according to the criteria of Pernefri 2011 Reticulocyte hemoglobin levels were checked using a fluorescenceflowcitometry principle in the automated hematology analyzer. In this study it was found that the Ret-He mean in the absolute IDA was26.1 pg/cell and 35.9 pg/cell in non absolute IDA. Statistical analysis was performed using Independent T-test. A total of 61 undergoingmaintenance hemodialysis subjects participating in this study comprised patients with absolute IDA and non-absolute IDA who met theinclusion and exclusion criteria. It can be concluded that the Ret-He level in statistical analysis showed absolute IDA which was meaningfullower than nonabsolute IDA in ESRD patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (p<0.001).
ANGKA BANDING NEUTROFIL/LIMFOSIT DI KARSINOMA PAYUDARA
Authors: Prasetyo Yuly Eko , Bahrun Uleng , Pakasi Ruland DN.
Published: October 2018

Carcinoma Mammae (CM) is a malignancy of epithelial cells restricting at the breast ducts or lobes which causes very high mortalityrate. The Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is reflecting the inflamatory status, has been reported to be a prognostic indicator in somemalignant tumors. The purpose of this study is to know the NLR as an indicator of the progressivity of CM by analyzing it. A retrospectiveobservational study performed using data from the medical record of CM patients at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital from January 2010up to December 2012. The diagnosis were established by the clinicians based on the result of histopathological exsamination, chest X-ray,abdominal ultrasound, bone scan and CT scan. The patients with surgical history, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, leukocytes >12.000/mm3and incomplete data were excluded from the analysis. The data distribution was analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The relationbetween NLR in CM was analized by One way ANOVA test and post hoc analysis. The result were 130 samples, consisting of 17 patientsin early stage, 71 in stage III and 42 in stage IV CM. In the early stage the mean of NLR were 1.69, 2.04 in stage III and 2.89 in stage IVand their differences were statistically significant (p<0.001). Post hoc analysis showed that the significant differences occurred betweenthe early stage and IV, as well as between stage III and IV. The mean of NLR were 2.28±1.02 in the non metastatic and 3.36±1.5 in themetastatic they were statistically significant (p<0.001). Based on the study results can be concluded that the neutrophil/lymphocyteratio can be used to assess the progressivity of CM. Further studies with larger samples were needed for the determination of the cut offpoint of NLR.
UJI GLUKOSA DARAH ANTARA METODE HEKSOKINASE DENGAN GLUKOSA OKSIDASE DAN GLUKOSA DEHIDROGENASE DI DIABETES MELITUS
Authors: Baharuddin Baharuddin , Nurulita Asvin , Arif Mansyur
Published: October 2018

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia that occurs because of abnormalities insulinsecretion, insulin or both. Diabetes mellitus diagnosis is established on the basis of examination of blood glucose levels. The recommendedblood glucose test is enzymatic method by hexokinase using venous blood plasma, while for monitoring the outcomes of treatment: bloodglucose test can be done by rapid test using capillary blood. The purpose of this study was to know the test result of blood glucose betweenhexokinase method (ABX Pentra 400), glucose oxidase (StatStrip Xpress, Super Glucocard II) and glucose dehydrogenase methods(Accu-Chek Performa) by comparing them Cross sectional study was conducted on 50 samples of patient hospitalized at Dr. WahidinSudirohusodo Hospital Makassar. The blood glucose test were performed at the Departement of Clinical Pathology from June up to July2012. Each plasma sample was tested using ABX Pentra 400, StatStrip Xpress, Super Glucocard II and Accu-Chek Performa. The datawere analyzed using Kolmogorov Smirnov and Mann Whitney test. Based from this study was showed that there was no difference in bloodthe level using a related (glucose) oxidase (StatStrip Xpress, Super Glucocard II) and its dehydrogenase method (Accu-Chek Performa)compared with hexokinase method (ABX Pentra 400) with p value > 0.05. The result obtained in this study showed that StatStrip Xpress,Super Glucocard II and Accu-Chek Performa can be used as a rapid test for monitoring blood glucose in hospitalized patients.
LIPOPROTEIN(a) DAN KEBAHAYAAN SINDROM KORONER AKUT
Authors: Puspitawati Ira , Setyawati Setyawati , Anggrahini Dyah Wulan , Saraswati Diah , Yuniarti Aisyah Ratna
Published: October 2018

One of the risk factors of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) still controversial is Lipoprotein(a). Lp(a) is one of the lipid componentshighly homologous to plasminogen and which may compete with it in the fibrinolytic pathway and has an atherogenic effect. Prior to thestudy many variaties in results have been shown. These variations are related to different population and ethnics, thus, the researcherswere triggered to investigate the role of Lp(a) on the ACS in the Indonesian population. This case control study was conducted at theSardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia consisting of 40 participants in ACS as the case group and other 40 persons sufferingfrom Stable Angina Pectoris (SAP) as a control group. This study lasted from Mayâˆ’December 2011. The Lp(a) was measured usingturbidimetric immunoassay method while other laboratory results were obtained from the medical records. The results of this studyshowed that high Lp(a) level (more than 30 mg/dL) was the risk factor of ACS (RR=2.818, CI: 1.069–7.426). There was no difference ofthe baseline characteristics such as: the history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, as well as in other laboratory parameters suchas: lipid profile, hemoglobine and uric acid level in the case as well as the control group. Significant differences were found in leucocytenumber, creatinine and blood glucose level. The median level of those parameters was found higher in the case group.
INDEKS ATEROGENIK PLASMA DI INFARK MIOKARD AKUT DAN PENYAKIT DIABETES MELITUS (Atherogenic Index of Plasma in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Diabetes Mellitus)
Authors: Indra Zulfikar , Aprianti Suci , E.R. Darmawaty
Published: October 2018

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) is a strong predictorof myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to know the difference of AIP in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with and withoutDM. This study was conducted by cross sectional method using data from the medical records of AMI patients at the Dr. WahidinSudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar during January 2010 up to May 2013. The AIP values were calculated by the [log (TG: HDL-C)]formula. All data were classified into two groups. The data were then analyzed by unpaired T test. In this study, AMI was mostly foundin the 50–59 years group, 33.63%. The AIP in AMI with DM was higher than without DM (0.69±0.26 vs 0.57±0.26, p=0.001). TheAIP in AMI with and without DM was higher in the female than the male group (0.63±0.24 vs 0.62±0.28. P=0.58). The AtherogenicIndex of Plasma in AMI with DM was higher than without DM. Based on this study, it can be concluded, that AIP can be used as thepredictor of cardiovascular risk in diabetes patients.
PERBEDAAN BERMAKNA KADAR SERUM AMILOID A ANTARA STENOSIS KORONER DIBANDINGKAN BUKAN STENOSIS KORONER (Significantly Higher Level of Serum Amyloid A Among Coronary Stenosis Compared to NonStenosis)
Authors: Sudana I Nyoman G , Setyawati Setyawati , Sukorini Usi
Published: October 2018

Coronary stenosis is one of the major causes of death from heart disease. The gold standard of coronary stenosis diagnosis isestablished with angiography, however it is invasively, complicated and expensive. Serum Amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase proteinthat appears as chronic and acute inflammatory agent that is specific to the process of stenosis development. Serum Amyloidal A testmethod is noninvasive, relatively easy and affordable. The aim of this study was to know the differences of Serum Amyloid A levelsin patients with nonstenosis and coronary stenosis in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta by determination. The study is a casecontrol study. The samples were selected consecutively with typical chest pain, were divided into two (2) groups of nonstenosis andstenosis by coronary angiography test. The principal of the Serum Amyloid A test is ELISA method. Nonstenosis and coronary stenosisgroups were analyzed by mean of Serum Amyloid A level based on the angiography test. The data were analyzed with Independentt-test, odds ratio with a significancy of p <0.05 and confidence interval 95%. The samples of this study consisted of 60 patients, dividedinto nonstenosis and coronary stenosis. The analysis of Independent t tests showed significant differences between the subject SAA levelsof nonstenosis and stenosis (4.35 ug/mL vs 21.75 mg/mL, p=0.001, with an odds ratio 9.84 (CI 95% 2.38 to 40.73). Based on thisstudy, it can be conclued that the results indicate significantly higher level of Amyloid A Serum among the coronary stenosis comparedto the nonstenosis.
OXIDIZED-LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN DAN DERAJAT STENOSIS PENYAKIT JANTUNG KORONER (Oxidized-Low Density Lipoprotein and Stenosis Level in Coronary Artery Disease)
Authors: Sutamti Sutamti , AP Purwanto , Tjahjati MI.
Published: October 2018

Coronary artery disease is caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. Ox-LDL plays a role in atherosclerosis causing coronaryartery stenosis. There are differences in the research results on the relationship of ox-LDL levels and stenosis level of coronary arteryin patients with CAD. The aim of this study was to know the correlation between ox-LDL and stenosis level of coronary artery inCoronary Artery Disease (CAD). An observational study with cross sectional analytic approach was conducted on 37 patients with CADwho underwent coronary angiography in the Dr. Kariadi General Hospital and Telogorejo Hospital of Semarang, taken consecutivelyduring Febuary up to April 2014. The Ox-LDL levels were determined by sandwich ELISA and the stenosis levels were determined bycoronary angiography. The data were analyzed by non-parametric Spearman correlation test. Median of ox-LDL level in CAD patientswas 1666.8(846.15; 3324) pg/mL. The median of stenosis level was 80 (30;90)%. There was a significant correlation of ox-LDL leveland stenosis level (r=0.358; p=0.03) in CAD patients. Based on this study there was a weak positive correlation between ox-LDL leveland stenosis level in CAD patients.
PROTEIN 24 HIV DAN LIMFOSIT T-CD4+ DI INFEKSI HIV TAHAP I (HIV p24 Protein and CD4+ T-lymphocyte in Stage I HIV infection)
Authors: Darmana I Made Sila , Retnowati Endang , Triyono Erwin Astha
Published: October 2018

Measuring HIV p24 protein is a test which is more practical than determination of CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts and viral load, asit does not require a very sophisticated instrument and requires a lower cost. Independent predictive value of p24 to the decline ofCD4+ T-lymphocytes, clinical progression and survival in HIV-infected patients have been reported. In this study, HIV-infected patientswere found to have HIV p24 protein levels inversely proportional to CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts by using Spearman test (R2=0.225;p=0.0331). Studies on the correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in stage I HIV infection have notyet been reported. The aim of this study was to prove the correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocytes in stageI HIV infection. Research issue was whether a correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in stage I HIVinfection existed ? The hypothesis was that a correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in stage I HIVinfection existed. The study design was cross sectional observational. Subjects consisted of 30 stage I HIV-infected patients treated at theInfectious Disease Intermediate Care Unit, Dr. Soetomo Hospital and VCT Clinic of the Dr. Ramelan Naval Hospital, Surabaya from Mayto July 2014. Stage I HIV infection is an asymptomatic HIV infection or with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy and the patientis able to perform normal activities. Levels of p24 were measured by ELISA method and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts using flowcytometry(BD FACSCaliburTM). The results were statistically analyzed using Pearson's correlation test. HIV p24 protein levels in stage I of HIVinfection ranged from 1.8 to 10.8 pg/mL, mean of 5.14 pg/mL and a standard deviation of 2.08 pg/mL. CD4+ T-lymphocyte countsdecreased with a range of 49-559 cells /uL for absolute values and 4.42–26.02% for percentage values Correlations between blood p24levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts either absolute (r=–0.392, p=0.032) or percentage (r=–0.363, p=0.049) were found. In stageI HIV-infected patients, a negative correlation was found between p24 levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts, in both CD4+T-lymphocytecounts as absolute and as well as percentage values. This negative correlation showed that the p24 HIV levels were inversely proportionalto the CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts. HIV p24 protein levels have a possibility to be used predicting CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts.
ANALISIS KADAR SERUM FERITIN DI KARSINOMA PAYUDARA (Analysis of Ferritin Levels in Carcinoma Mammae)
Authors: Atjo Sriwati , Bahrun Uleng , Hardjoeno Hardjoeno
Published: October 2018

Carcinoma Mammae is a malignant disease originating from mammary parenchyma, and the second largest cause of death inthe world. Ferritin is a marker of neoplasia, which levels are increased in non-metastatic carcinoma mammae and more increased inmetastatic carcinoma mammae. This cross sectional study was conducted during June 2012 in carcinoma mammae patients of theWahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Ibnu Sina Hospital and Labuang Baji Hospital in Makassar. The aim of this study was to know theserum ferritin levels in metastatic and non-metastatic carcinoma mammae. In this study, 56 samples were obtained and grouped intometastatic and non-metastatic carcinoma mammae patients based on the Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM). Ferritin test was conductedby ECLIA method using Elecsys Analyzer Kit 2010 (Roche, USA). The study showed that the average ferritin concentration in advancedstage of carcinoma mammae (155.45 ng/mL) was higher than in the early stage (82.74 ng/m). The Mann Whitney test showed significantdifferences between the early and advanced stage (p=0.01), the median ferritin value in metastatic carcinoma mammae was higherthan non-metastatic (79.85 ng/mL). The Mann Whitney test showed significant differences between metastatic and non - metastaticcarcinoma mammae patients (p=0.00). Based on this study, it can be concluded, that ferritin levels can be used as a biomarker to predictthe progressivity of carcinoma mammae.
ANGKA BANDING NETROFIL/LIMFOSIT DI POPULASI DEWASA MUDA
Authors: Yanti Arie , Bahrun Uleng , Arif Mansyur
Published: October 2018

Previous studies have shown that neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in bacteremia is higher than nonbacteremia, therefore it could beused as a marker to distinguish both conditions in patients with sepsis .Another study on oncology patients in ICU showed a correlationbetween the severity of clinical course and the increase of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. In physiological condition, neutrophil/lymphocyteratio <5, while in pathological conditions (severe infection or systemic inflammation) neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio increases >6.Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio is a sensitive, fast, cost effective and applicable laboratory test for routine use, therefore this test result canbe used as the parameter to assess clinical condition of patients. However, a reference value of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio has neverbeen defined, especially in Makassar City, South Sulawesi Province. The aim of this study was to know the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratioin a healthy young adult population. A cross sectional study was conducted from March to April 2014, involving residents (specialisticcandidates in Medical Faculty, Hasanuddin University, who underwwent medical checkup and voluntarily joined this study. Samplesconsisted of 198 persons who fulfilled the inclusion criteria with an age range between 24-40 years old, comprising 84 males (42.42%)and 114 females (57.58%). The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio for all samples was 1.95 (1.15-4.74). Mann Whitney test showed thatthere was no significant difference of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio between males and females, 1.88 (1.25-4.74) vs 1.95 (1.15-4.12),p=0.65 and neither between the age group 21-30 years old and 31-40 years old, 1.95 (1.21-4.74) vs 1.94 (1.15-4.09), p=0.82.