bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic integration of a symmetrical LCL filter in the grid‐tied inverter with reduced EMI noise
Authors: Liu Xingyu , Liu Yitao , Yin Jian
Published: January 2024

Harmonics and electromagnetic interference (EMI) pose serious threats to the safety and efficiency of grid‐tied inverters. Although the inductor‐capacitor‐inductor (LCL) filter offers commendable harmonic suppression, it does not sufficiently mitigate leakage current and EMI caused by high‐frequency pulse‐width modulation (PWM). This paper examines the use of a symmetrical LCL filter to reduce the AC side leakage current in grid‐tied inverters. The symmetrical structure bolsters the conducted EMI suppression capability of the LCL filter. A magnetic integration scheme for symmetric LCL filters is introduced, and through thoughtful structural design, it achieves filter inductance integration on the EIE magnetic core. An experimental platform, equipped with a high‐frequency SiC‐MOSFET voltage source inverter with a 600 W output, is utilized. The LCL filter, symmetric LCL filter, and magnetic integrated symmetric LCL filter are contrasted, proving the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed scheme. Furthermore, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed magnetic integration scheme significantly reduces the filter's volume and weight, thereby enhancing the power density of the grid‐tied inverter system.
1,4:3,6-Dianhydrohexites
Authors: Bratash G.S.
Published: January 2024

It is known that derivatives of isosorbide and isomannide can impart a sweet taste, for example, dimethyl ether of isosorbide is used as an ingredient in the production of chewing gums, hard sweets [1], isosorbide dipropanoate is widely used in the production of bakery products [1]. Mixed isohexite esters and esters (especially isosorbide) are used as flavor enhancers. Currently, isosorbide is proposed to be used as a component of the mixture used for the water-base ink pigment. This component has excellent dispersion stability, which is necessary for printing [1]. All production methods leading to isohexites use the corresponding hexitol as the starting material. To obtain isohexites with a quantitative yield, and in order to avoid adverse reactions, a number of techniques have been developed. The rate of the dehydration sequence in reactions using as the starting compound: 1,4-anhydro derivatives of D-iditol, D-gulitol, D-glucitol, and D-mannitol (from which 1,4:3,6-dianhydro compounds of isoidide (5) and isomannide (4) are obtained) depends on the location of the hydroxyl group (with5 endo as in D-mannitol and D-glucitol, or exo as in D-iditol and D-glucitol). All three isohexites (3-5) were studied by mass spectrometry, especially D-isomannide and their O-deuterated isomers, and 5-nitroisosorbide [1]. The isomannide cation formed as a result of dehydration reactions was also detected in the mass spectra of some isomannide derivatives [1]. Mass spectrometric analysis is used to determine isosorbide and its 5-nitro derivative in human urine and blood plasma.
Yield of spring wheat depending on the level of mineral nutrition and the use of biologically active substances under condition grown of Afghanistan
Authors: Jahish F. , Dmitrivskaya I.I.
Published: January 2024

A field experiments was carried out at the experimental farm department of Agronomy, Agriculture faculty, Al-beruni University, Kapisa, Afghanistan, to study the effect of NPK and gibberellic acid on growth and yield of spring wheat during March-June 2022 and 2023. The experiment was arranged on randomized complete block design, with three replication. Treatments include: T1 - N0P0K0 (Control), T2 – N1P1K1 (120–60-30 kg/ha), T3 – N2P2K2 (160–90-60 kg/ha),T4 – N3P3K3 (200–120-90 kg/ha), T5 – N1P1K1 (120–60-30 kg/ha) + GA3 200 ppm, T6 – N2P2K2 (160–90-60 kg/ha), + GA3 200 ppm, T7 – N3P3K3 (200–120-90 kg/ha) + GA3 200 ppm. In case of mineral fertilizers and gibberellic acid, results indicated that NPK levels and GA3 with a few exceptions remarkably improved the yields attributes and yields of spring wheat. The highest 1000 grain weight (46.98 and 47.18 gr), grain yield (4.16 and 4.63 t/ha) and straw yield of spring (8.48 and 8.55 t/ha) wheat was recorded with application of 160–90-60 Kg/ha NPK + 200 ppm GA3 in both years of 2022 and 2023. While the minimum was found in control treatment.
Deep tillage using bioselvent preparation before soil washing
Authors: Juraev Fazliddin U. , Umedova Umeda X. , Shodiyev Shuxrat B. , Fayziyev Amrillo A. , Savriddinov Abrorjon A. ugli
Published: January 2024

The article presents a new tool for deep soil tillage, as well as design, operation principles and parameters of two-tier deep tillage device used in the process of deconsolidation of gypsum and dense soil layers according to a special technology with active rotating working bodies and the technology of its application, while improving the ameliorative state of saline soils using the biosolvent chemical composition with spraying on the soil surface and inner layer, before the autumn washing with salt, and washes out harmful salts from the soil. The developed tools and the parameters of their device for deep tillage of the soil and the technology of its application, the results of theoretical and experimental studies are presented.
Effect of rock phosphate and bacteria solubilizing nutrients soil application on yield and fruit quality of olive trees cv. “Picual” under the arid zones
Authors: Elhady Eman S. , Haggag Laila F. , Hassan A.M. , Belopukhov S.L.
Published: January 2024

This study was carried out throughout two seasons and Located in a private olive grove on Cairo-Ismailia Desert Road in Egypt. The aim of this experiment was to use different amounts of rock phosphate (1, 2 or 3 kg/tree) with different time of additions (2 or 3 times) for phosphorous and sulfur release bacteria to form 6 treatments beside the control (untreated trees) on the mineral contents of the leaves, the vegetative growth, the yield, and the quality of the fruit of Picual olive trees planted in sandy soil and watered with drip irrigation for two seasons. The outcomes demonstrated that application of 2 or 3 kg rock phosphate per tree for two or three times of phosphorus and sulfur release bacteria gave the highest yield and improves fruit quality. Generally, the treatment of 2 kg rock phosphate for three times of P and S release bacteria is recommended due to its clear effect among all treatments on the abovementioned parameters.
Prospects for the use of biopreparations based on VAM during growing cucumber in protected ground
Authors: Mikheev A.A. , Konstantinovich A.V.
Published: January 2024

The research was carried out in 2022-2023 by the USPC of Horticulture and Vegetable Growing named after V.I. Edelstein RSAU-MAA named after K.A. Timiryazev (Moscow). In the conditions of a film ground greenhouse and planting during the spring-summer rotation, experiments were carried out to assess the effect of biological preparations based on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) on the growth and productivity of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L). Studies have shown that the use of biological preparations positively affected the vegetative growth of Cucumis sativus L plants of the parthenocarpic early-maturing hybrid F1 SV4097CV, which affected the photosynthetic surface area, and also significantly affected the development of plants, accelerating the passage of the main phenophases. There was an increase in plant yield and production at an earlier date, which is extremely important when growing plants in protected soil conditions during the transition to organic agriculture.
Ecological Genetic Study of Fiber Qualitative Parameters in Lines of Medium Staple Cotton
Authors: Egamberdieva Saida , Kurbanov Uktam , Karimov Akbar
Published: January 2024

The quality of the fiber in the lines of medium staple cotton in 2018-2020 was assessed. in Tashkent, Fergana and Kashkadarya regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan. 10 lines of different genetic origin were tested. The influence of the genotype and the environment on the manifestation of the qualitative parameters of the fiber (length, specific breaking load, micronaire) was studied. As a result of three years of experiments, it was found that the length of the fiber is equally affected by both the genotype and the environment (up to 40%). The genotype significantly affects the specific breaking load of the fiber (68%). The variability of the micronaire fiber was more dependent on the genotype from 35 to 48.4%, the contribution of the environment was from 2.6 to 16%.
The effectiveness of a new organomineral fertilizer in potato cultivation in the Middle Urals
Authors: Karpukhin Mikhail Yu. , Batyrshina Elvira R. , Krupsky Igor N.
Published: January 2024

Purpose of research. To study the effectiveness of a complex multicomponent organomineral fertilizer of prolonged action on potato productivity. Method. The object of research is potato. The subject of research is to study the effect of a new combined organomineral fertilizer on the growth, development, and yield of potato. The studies were conducted in the field experiment in accordance with the basic requirements for their conduct according to B.A. Dospekhov. The experimental work is based on the following methodological recommendations: Methods of state variety testing of agricultural crops; Methods of field and vegetation experiments with fertilizers and herbicides. Results: An innovative product has been developed – a mixed combined organomineral fertilizer based on natural extracted mineral raw materials, bird droppings, and waste from the coke industry. The chemical composition of the fertilizer contains 6 macronutrients of plant nutrition: nitrogen (N) 12%, phosphorus (P2O5) – 12%, potassium (K2O) – 2%, sulfur (S) – 10%, calcium (Ca) - 36%, and silicon (Si) – 25%. The positive effect of fertilizers on the growth, development, yield, and quality of potato has been established. Potato yield at a dose of NP(90) and NP(120) is 5.5; 5.9 t/ha or 30; 32.2% higher compared to the control. It has been established that it is economically feasible to use NP(90) for potato, which ensures low cost and increases the profitability of the production of this crop with high product quality. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the Middle Urals, a new innovative product was created and tested – a combined mixed multicomponent fertilizer for growing potatoes, application for RF patent No. 2023100288 (incoming number 0005490) dated 09.01.2023.
Smart Health Monitoring System of Agricultural Machines: Deep Learning-based Optimization with IoT and AI
Authors: Shwetabh Kumar , Ambhaikar Asha
Published: January 2024

Implementing intelligent monitoring systems for Agricultural Machinery (AM) is hindered by the intricate and costly nature of the Internet of Things (IoT) sensor technologies. The heavy reliance on cloud and fog computing, the availability of network infrastructure, and the need for expert knowledge pose challenges in rural areas that lack network connectivity. Using edge devices, such as smartphones, which possess significant computational capabilities, is a potential solution that has not yet been fully realized in the commercial sphere. Furthermore, the increasing demand from users for economically viable and user-friendly technology serves as a driving force for transitioning away from expensive and intricate sensors towards more cost-effective alternatives. In the IoT era, there is anticipated to be a widespread network connection between a vast array of AM and service centers. Using smartphone applications has increased the potential for edge computation on smartphones to significantly aid in network traffic control. The development of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) - -based data analytic method poses a significant challenge due to the need to optimize for the limited computational capabilities of smartphones. However, the users’ demand for affordable technology renders it resistant to easy penetration. This paper uses IoT and AI to propose a Smart Health Monitoring System for Agricultural Machines with Deep Learning-based Optimization (SHMAM-DLO). This paper aims to propose a Fusion Genetic Algorithm (FGA) methodology and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for optimization during monitoring the health of AM. The proposed approach enables cost-effective utilization of smartphone end devices by leveraging their built-in microphones instead of relying on expensive IoT sensors.
IoT Integration for Enhanced Turmeric Cultivation: A Case Study in Smart Agriculture
Authors: Pandey Dev Ras , Mishra Nidhi
Published: January 2024

The agricultural sector serves as a fundamental cornerstone of the economies of numerous countries, necessitating technological advancements despite limited financial resources. The Internet of Things (IoT) presents a novel aspect within the field of soil health monitoring, which has significant implications for advancing smart agriculture and farming practices. Integrating conventional agricultural practices with cutting-edge technologies, such as the IoT and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), can foster Smart Agriculture (SA). This paper presents IoT Integration for Enhanced Turmeric Cultivation (IoT-ETmC) in the context of SA. The TurmFox IoT and Edge-to-Cloud (ETC) technology can analyze gathered data and send it to the user through internet connectivity. The work involves the implementation of TurmFox in experiments focused on turmeric cultivation. The results demonstrate a notable improvement in the quality of turmeric as a direct outcome of this intervention. The curcumin levels in the given product are notably higher, ranging from 4450 to 5450 mg per 120g. This paper also aims to demonstrate the intuitive configuration of sensor-to-actuator connections for implementing desired SA. The real-time data obtained from Turmfox provides information on the pH values, moisture levels, and temperature, allowing for observing dynamic variations in environmental conditions within the specified period. The pH level was 6.5 at 09:00, with a moisture content of 51 g/m3 and a temperature of 293 K.
Self-Adaptive Edge Computing Architecture for Livestock Management: Leveraging IoT, AI, and a Dynamic Software Ecosystem
Authors: Dewangan Omprakash , Vij Priya
Published: January 2024

The agricultural industry is encountering exceptional difficulties due to shifts in the macroeconomic landscape, and the prospects of the livestock sub-sector could be more precise. The elimination of subsidy payments due to agricultural policy changes resulting from Brexit poses a significant threat to farmers’ financial stability and overall well-being, jeopardizing their enterprises and lives. Farmers must pursue adaptive tactics to endure the consequences of evolving socio-political situations. This research investigates the capabilities of Dynamic Software Ecosystem (DSE) as an analytical tool in the context of managing livestock within the farming sub-sector. In Smart Farming, using the Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain (BC) facilitates the monitoring of resources and ensures traceability across the value chain. This enables farmers to enhance their operational efficiency, disclose the source of their agricultural products, and assure customers about the output’s caliber. This study introduces a platform that utilizes the IoT, Edge Computing, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and BC in Smart Farming settings. The Optimised Live Stock Management System (OLSMS) employs the Edge Computing Design to enable real-time monitoring of dairy animals and feed grain conditions. It guarantees the reliability and long-term viability of various production procedures. The efficiency of the Expert System is shown by its dependability rate of 92.3%, as determined by comparing its outcomes with those of a group of experts in raising livestock. The experimentation conducted on various scenarios has shown intriguing findings on implementing effective livestock management methods within certain environmental variables, such as weather and precipitation.
Smart Animal Repelling Device: Utilizing IoT and AI for Effective Anti-Adaptive Harmful Animal Deterrence
Authors: Mishra Akanksha , Yadav Kamlesh Kumar
Published: January 2024

The coexistence of human populations with wildlife often leads to conflicts in which harmful animals cause damage to crops and property and threaten human welfare. Certain limitations influence the effectiveness and environmental impacts of traditional methods used to repel animals. The present research outlines a growth of solutions that utilize the Internet of Things and machine learning techniques to address this issue. This study centers on a Smart Animal Repelling Device (SARD) that seeks to safeguard crops from ungulate assaults, substantially reducing production expenditures. This is achieved by developing virtual fences that use Artificial Intelligence (AI) and ultrasonic emission. This study introduces a comprehensive distributed system for resource management in Edge or Fog settings. The SARD framework leverages the principle of containerization and utilizes Docker containers to execute Internet of Things (IoT) applications in microservices. The software system inside the suggested structure can include various IoT applications and resources and power management strategies for Edge and fog computing systems. The experimental findings demonstrate that the intelligent animal-repellent system effectively uses animal detection on power-efficient computational methods. This implementation ensures the system maintains high mean average accuracy (93.25%) while simultaneously meeting real-time demands for anti-adaptive harmful animal deterrence.
CNN-LSTM framework to automatically detect anomalies in farmland using aerial images from UAVs
Authors: Dewangan Omprakash , Vij Priya
Published: January 2024

Using aerial inspection techniques in farmlands can yield vital data instrumental in mitigating various impediments to optimizing farming practices. Farmland anomalies (standing water and clusters of weeds) can impede farming practices, leading to the improper utilization of farmland and the disruption of agricultural development. Utilizing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for remote sensing is a highly effective method for obtaining extensive imagery of farmland. Visual data analytics in the context of automatic pattern recognition from collected data is valuable for advancing Deep Learning (DL) -assisted farming models. This approach shows significant potential in enhancing agricultural productivity by effectively capturing crop patterns and identifying anomalies in farmland. Furthermore, it offers prospective solutions to address the inherent barriers farmers encounter. This study introduces a novel framework, namely the hybrid Convolutional Neural Networks and Long Short-Term Memory (HCNN-LSTM), which aims to detect anomalies in farmland using images obtained from UAVs automatically. The system employs a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for deep feature extraction, while Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is utilized for the detection task, leveraging the extracted features. By integrating these two Deep Learning (DL) architectures, the system attains an extensive knowledge of farm conditions, facilitating the timely identification of irregularities such as the presence of water, clusters of weeds, nutrient deficit, and crop disease. The proposed methodology is trained and evaluated using the Agriculture-Vision challenge database. The results obtained from the experiment demonstrate that the proposed system has achieved a high level of accuracy, with a value of 99.7%, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Sharded War: seeing, not sharing
Authors: Merrin William , Hoskins Andrew
Published: January 2024

The digital maelstrom of images, videos, messages, comments, uploaded via smartphones to Telegram and TikTok and globally remediated, place war today increasingly in plain sight. But visibility is no sign of recognition. Rather, social media shape sharded war, namely that which users experience through split, splintered, fractured, personalised, streamed and shattered feeds. Algorithmically, but also personally fed digital realities, make war as an always-on informational battle against everyone with a different opinion. In this way, using content-driven regulation, moderation and fact checking, to blunt the billions of shards of the horror of wars unfolding in Ukraine, Gaza and Israel, misses the target. Sharded war is ultimately unverified and uninspectable, in its paradoxical mix of personalised form and global scale, but also in exploiting the weakest link in the hierarchy of attention of regulators. Social media increasingly platform violence, threatening claims, narratives and realities, readily seen and experienced, but not shared.
Inelastic scattering of formaldehyde on Au(111) surface
Authors: Biswas Rupayan , Lourderaj Upakarasamy
Published: January 2024

Inelastic scattering between gas molecules and surfaces is a fundamental process that has been investigated extensively. In recent gas-surface scattering experiments [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19, 19904 (2017)] on formaldehyde scattering off the gold surface, the scattered formaldehyde molecules had a high propensity to excite twirling motion about the C–O bond. In the work presented here, we used classical dynamics simulations to understand energy transfer in formaldehyde–surface collisions and to probe the mechanism of interconversion of translational energy to rotational energy. The simulations reveal an increase in the rotational energy distribution with an increase in collision energies and a preferential rotational excitation about the C–O bond consistent with the experiments. The high propensity to excite the twirling motion was found to arise from a steering motion about the C–O bond during the scattering process governed by the minimum energy path.
Onset of vortex shedding and hysteresis in flow over tandem sharp-edged cylinders of diverse cross sections
Authors: Kouchakzad M. , Sohankar A. , Rastan M. R.
Published: January 2024

Numerical simulations are conducted to analyze flow characteristics around two tandem sharp-edged cylinders with cross sections of square (b1*=1) for the upstream cylinder and rectangle (b2*) for the downstream cylinder (b*=b/a, where a and b are the sides of the cylinder). This study investigates the effects of Reynolds numbers (Re = 30–150), cross-sectional aspect ratios of the downstream cylinder (b2*=1–4), and scaled gap-spacing between cylinders (S* = 1–6) on the flow structure, onset of vortex shedding, hysteresis, and aerodynamic parameters (such as drag coefficient, Strouhal number, root mean square lift and drag coefficients, and so on). The results reveal that increasing b2* suppresses the vortex shedding of the upstream cylinder, depending on S*. The suppression is attributed to the interference effect and the adhesion of the shear layers on the downstream cylinder. Three distinct time-mean flow patterns are identified based on the separation and reattachment of shear layers. Flow pattern Ι exhibits parallel flow along the side faces of the upstream cylinder, while the separation bubbles associated with reattachment points are formed in flow pattern II on these faces. For pattern III, no reattachment point is observed, and the separation bubbles cover the upstream cylinder' side faces. Additionally, two instantaneous flow patterns of extended-body and co-shedding are apperceived within the ranges of examined Re and S*. The behaviors of time-mean and varying forces as well as the vortex shedding frequency are correlated with the flow structures. The onset of vortex shedding and hysteresis dependence is discussed comprehensively. The results show that the critical Reynolds numbers for the onset of vortex shedding decrease from 127.5 ± 2.5 to 49.5 ± 2.5 with S* increasing from 1 to 6 (b1* = 1 and b2* = 4). The hysteresis limit is found within the range of 3.5≤S*≤4.5 for flow over two tandem cylinders (b1* = 1 and b2* = 4) at Re = 150.
Increasing the two-photon photocurrent saturation limit in a quantum ratchet intermediate band solar cell
Authors: Hughes Kenneth M. , Ito Megumi , Vaquero-Stainer Anthony , Ekins-Daukes Nicholas J. , Phillips Chris C.
Published: January 2024

A quantum ratchet intermediate band solar cell based on a quantum well superlattice is investigated. The design is similar to that of a previously reported device, but it employs a stronger built-in electric field across the heterojunction; therefore, it works at higher illumination intensities before the photocurrent saturates due to photocarrier accumulation screening out the field and causing leveling of the bands. In this present device, saturation of the two-photon photocurrent occurred at a valence-to-intermediate band pulse energy of ∼4 nJ, approximately ten times greater than the previously reported device, making it more suitable for concentrator applications.
Dynamic behavior analysis to a generalized chemotaxis-consumption system
Authors: Wang Chang-Jian , Zheng Zi-Han , Zhu Xin-Cai
Published: January 2024

In this paper, the following chemotaxis system with nonlinear consumption mechanisms is considered ut = Δu − χ∇ · (u∇v) + ξ∇ ·  (u∇w) + au − bum, vt = Δv − uαv, wt = Δw − uβw under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions, where Ω⊂Rn(n≥2) is a smoothly bounded domain and parameters χ, ξ, a, b, α, β > 0 and m > 1. If m and l = max{α, β} satisfy m>maxl(n+2)2,1, then the system possesses a global classical solution, which is bounded in Ω × (0, ∞). Furthermore, it has been shown that such solution exponentially converges to equilibrium ((ab)1m−1,0,0) as t → ∞, where convergence rate can be formally characterized by the parameters of the system.
Resistance switching stability of STO memristor under Au ion implantation
Authors: Li Hai-Lian , Su Jie , Xu Ming-Hui , Dong Shi-Jie , Bian Jing , Shan Peng-Shun , Wang Ruo-Wei , Liu Yong , Wang Xue-Lin , Fan Shuang-Qing , Cao Ming-Hui , Liu Tong , Xu Ting , Kong Wei-Jin , Liu Tao
Published: January 2024

The alteration in microstructure, induced by ion migration due to applied voltage, constitutes a pivotal factor influencing the performance of the memristor. This phenomenon adversely impacts the stability of the memristor, posing challenges for its practical applications. Notably, the defects present in oxide films, serving as the functional layer in the memristor, assume a crucial role in determining the stability of the artificial synapse—a fundamental component of neuromorphic computing. The precise regulation of defect distribution and density at the nanoscale by growing films directly poses a formidable challenge. In this investigation, a memristor composed of strontium titanate (SrTiO3) was fabricated, exhibiting improved stability in resistive switching during I–V cycles and enhanced multilevel storage performance through the implementation of Au ions implantation. Furthermore, these devices were simulated as neural synapses and integrated into artificial neural networks. A comprehensive array of characterizations was executed to scrutinize the microscopic effects of ion implantation. This involved analyzing changes in elemental composition, structural damage, and spectral characteristics of the films. These findings offer a viable strategy for enhancing the resistive switching performance of oxide thin film devices through the judicious application of ion implantation.
Gate control of 2D magnetism in three- and four-layers CrI3/graphene heterostructures
Authors: Wang Ping , Lian Fuzhuo , Du Renjun , Cai Xiaofan , Bao Song , Han Yaqing , Xiao Jingkuan , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Wen Jinsheng , Yang Hongxin , Mayorov Alexander S. , Wang Lei , Yu Geliang
Published: January 2024

We conduct experimental studies on the electrical transport properties of monolayer graphene directly covered by a few layers of CrI3. We do not observe the expected magnetic exchange coupling in the graphene but instead discover proximity effects featuring gate and magnetic field tunability. The tunability of gate voltage is manifested in the alignment of the lowest conduction band of CrI3 and the Fermi level of graphene, which can be controlled by the gate voltage. The coexistence of the normal and atypical quantum Hall effects in our device also corresponds to gate-control modulation doping. The lowest conduction band depends on the magnetic states of the CrI3 and can be altered by the magnetic field, which corresponds to the resistance loops during back-and-forth sweeps of the magnetic field. Our results serve as a reference for exploiting the magnetic proximity effects in graphene.
Numerical viscosity control in Godunov-like smoothed particle hydrodynamics for realistic flows modeling
Authors: Parshikov A. N. , Medin S. A. , Rublev G. D. , Dyachkov S. A.
Published: January 2024

In this study, we introduce a way to control the viscosity of the numerical approximation in the Godunov-like smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) methods. This group of SPH methods includes momentum and energy fluxes in the right-hand sides of the equations, which are calculated by the solution of the Riemann problem between each pair of neighboring particles within the support radius of the smoothing kernel, which is similar to the procedure for the calculation of fluxes across cell boundaries in Godunov schemes. Such SPH methods do not require the use of artificial viscosity since the significant numerical viscosity is already introduced by a Riemann problem solution. We demonstrate that such a numerical viscosity may be measured and obtain the explicit expression for it depending on smoothed particle properties. In particular, we have found that Godunov-like SPH method with interparticle contact algorithms produces numerical viscosity several orders of magnitude higher than physical viscosity in materials. Modern approaches, such as SPH with monotonic upstream-centered scheme for conservation laws or weighted essentially non-oscillatory reconstruction techniques, have not only lower numerical viscosity but also too large for modeling real-world viscous flows. By constructing a correcting viscous stress tensor based on the analytical solution for discontinuous viscous flow, it is possible to reduce the viscous stresses of numerical origin. The use of such a correction makes it possible to improve the agreement with experiments in the simulation of viscous flows without using schemes of higher order reconstruction.
Self-doping enhancing thermoelectric properties of GeTe thin films
Authors: Sun Xiaoyu , Hou Shuaihang , Wu Zuoxu , Wang Jian , Qiao Youwei , Tang Zunqian , Liu Xingjun , Mao Jun , Zhang Qian , Cao Feng
Published: January 2024

The thermoelectric film has broad application potential in the self-power supply of miniature electrical equipment. In this work, GeTe thermoelectric films were prepared using physical vapor deposition combined with annealing processes. Benefitting from the high mobility enabled by the increased crystallinity and the optimized carrier concentration via Ge self-doping, the power factor of a GeTe thin film was significantly improved to 18 μW cm−1 K−2 (300 K), and the maximum one (28 μW cm−1 K−2) was achieved at 576 K. Furthermore, thermoelectric thin film devices assembled with high-performance GeTe films exhibited superior output performance at a temperature difference of 40 K. The maximum open circuit voltage reached 12.2 mV and the power density was 2.4 mW cm−2, indicating that GeTe thin films have broad application prospects in the field of self-power supply.
Improvement in hot carrier dynamics of all-inorganic halide perovskite CsPbI3 on doping Cu
Authors: Bose Shaona , Sharma Ankit , Mahato Somnath , Maurya Naresh Chandra , Roy Baidyanath , Srivastava Sanjeev Kumar , Adarsh K. V. , Ray Samit K.
Published: January 2024

Hot carrier extraction is crucial for efficient solar energy harvesting, and lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are potential candidates for photovoltaic and light-emitting applications. Therefore, swift extraction of hot carriers is an immediate requirement to improve the energy conversion efficiency, which need longer thermalization time. To address this issue, we synthesized nominally Cu-doped CsPbI3 NCs with enhanced structural and optical characteristics compared to undoped CsPbI3 NCs. We investigated the hot carrier dynamics in both the NCs at different fluences using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. Interestingly, we observed very fast thermalization at higher fluences that indicated breaking of the phonon bottleneck. On the contrary, doped NCs preserved the effects and decayed over a longer period of time possibly due to increase in size and introduction of shallow trap states of Cu 3d and Cu 4s electrons in the conduction band, as computed using density functional theory. Notably, as the carrier–carrier interaction increased, we observed a dominating bandgap renormalization in the doped system compared to the undoped system. Overall, our studies improve the understanding of Cu doping in enhancing the hot carrier dynamics in perovskites and open possibilities for further investigation in the quantum phenomenon of these materials.
A bacterial pigment provides cross-species protection from H
2
O
2
- and neutrophil-mediated killing
Authors: Liu Yiwei , McQuillen Eleanor A. , Rana Pranav S. J. B. , Gloag Erin S. , Parsek Matthew R. , Wozniak Daniel J.
Published: January 2024

Bacterial infections are often polymicrobial.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and
Staphylococcus aureus
cause chronic co-infections, which are more problematic than mono-species infections. Understanding the mechanisms of their interactions is crucial for treating co-infections. Staphyloxanthin (STX), a yellow pigment synthesized by the
S. aureus crt
operon, promotes
S. aureus
resistance to oxidative stress and neutrophil-mediated killing. We found that STX production by
S. aureus
, either as surface-grown macrocolonies or planktonic cultures, was elevated when exposed to the
P. aeruginosa
exoproduct, 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide (HQNO). This was observed with both mucoid and non-mucoid
P. aeruginosa
strains. The induction phenotype was found in a majority of
P. aeruginosa
and
S. aureus
clinical isolates examined. When subjected to hydrogen peroxide or human neutrophils,
P. aeruginosa
survival was significantly higher when mixed with wild-type (WT)
S. aureus
, compared to
P. aeruginosa
alone or with an
S. aureus crt
mutant deficient in STX production. In a murine wound model, co-infection with WT
S. aureus
, but not the STX-deficient mutant, enhanced
P. aeruginosa
burden and disease compared to mono-infection. In conclusion, we identified a role for
P. aeruginosa
HQNO mediating polymicrobial interactions with
S. aureus
by inducing STX production, which consequently promotes resistance to the innate immune effectors H
2
O
2
and neutrophils. These results further our understanding of how different bacterial species cooperatively cause co-infections.
The legitimation of conspiracy theories through manipulation
Authors: Demata Massimiliano
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores the manipulation of discourse on Twitter at the basis of the climate lockdown
conspiracy theory. By analysing a dataset of tweets supporting the existence of climate lockdowns, the chapter looks
at how the categories traditionally employed to define manipulation in language are applied when manipulation takes
place in digital discourse. The new media is characterised by the expansion and re-elaboration of the classic dynamics
of textual production and interpretation, and this is particularly evident when digital and semiotic affordances are
used to manipulate discourse. The analysis of the climate change conspiracy theory proves that the architecture and
affordances of social media allow, or even encourage, or at least quietly
endorse, the legitimation of discourse through manipulation, especially news discourse.
How are linguistic changes in the 20th century to be studied?
Authors: Pons Bordería Salvador
Published: January 2024

This paper analyzes the diffusion of linguistic change through a case study focusing on the adoption of
tío as a vocative and discourse marker in the 1970s and 1980s. Two strands of research are used to
explain this case: Firstly, Labov’s (2010) theory of diffusion in linguistic change
is used to provide essential insights about the groups of speakers who initiate and promote such changes. Second, philological
information is considered, encompassing factors beyond groups of speakers: the linguistic features of the constructions
involved in a change, the historical context in which the change occurred, the associated social practices, the influence of
specific locations (cities, neighborhoods), and also the impact of influential individuals in promoting one linguistic
solution over another. It is only when both sets of information are brought together that the necessary and sufficient
information about linguistic change can be achieved. The 20th century proves particularly suitable for conducting this type of
research.
Bestial and warm addressing forms in Mexican Spanish
Authors: Maldonado Ricardo
Published: January 2024

This paper explores the evolution of two names for animals, buey ‘ox’ and cabrón
‘mail goat’, that have undergone a set of important semantic and pragmatic changes since the XIXth Century. The change from
offensive to warm and friendly addressing forms involved a series of semantic bleaching processes, mostly attested along the
XXth Century, that generated two independent, and yet, parallel networks of meanings. The loss of negative features led to the
emergence of vocative, anaphoric and discourse marking functions where the original offensive part of both words has become
almost imperceivable. It is claimed that cabrón has followed the pragmaticalization path of
buey yet in a more conservative manner, since its semantic network of meanings is still active in most
Hispanic dialects. Yet the pragmatic evolution of buey might characterize the Mexican dialect. The semantic
change of both forms is temporally located in the 1960s and it is seen as a reflex of crucial changes in Mexican contemporary
society.
Implementing the Multiperspectival Approach (MPA)
Authors: Hocking Darryl , Crichton Jonathan
Published: January 2024

This chapter provides a detailed account of the
researcher’s journey as they employ the Multiperspectival
Approach (MPA) to investigate the interplay between
communicative and creative practices within a university art and
design studio. The chapter identifies the key reasons that
attracted the researcher to MPA, the advantages it offered, its
impact on their project, its design and findings, and how MPA
was implemented. It concludes by considering the issues and
challenges that arose in the researcher’s use of MPA and how
these were addressed. Ultimately, the chapter serves to
illustrate the implementation of MPA as a practical ontology and
research heuristic for both traditional Applied Linguistic
studies and those that go beyond the focus on language education
and acquisition.
Multimodality
Authors: Chen Yixiong , Weninger Csilla , Lim Fei Victor
Published: January 2024

Multimodality examines how language and other
resources (e.g., images and gestures) are integrated to make
meaning for communication. This chapter aims to introduce two
approaches to multimodality from a systemic-functional semiotic
perspective, namely social semiotics and systemic functional
multimodal discourse analysis (SF-MDA), and discuss their
applications in applied linguistics. Specifically, this chapter
begins with an overview of the theoretical underpinnings of the
two approaches, focusing on their shared functionalist origins
and the origin’s theoretical and methodological implications.
Next, the chapter discusses the affordance of social semiotics
and SF-MDA and highlights data collection procedures and
analytical processes in applied linguistic studies informed by
the two approaches. Finally, critiques of the two approaches are
addressed with multimodal research facilitated by eye-tracking
technology.
Conversation analysis
Authors: Markee Numa
Published: January 2024

This chapter introduces conversation analysis
to researchers who are not familiar with this methodology for
analyzing naturalistic language use and how it has been applied
to develop behavioral alternatives to cognitive approaches to
second language acquisition. Specifically, I: (1) review what CA
is; (2) discuss typical research questions in CA and how these
questions are generated; (3) outline how CA data are gathered,
transcribed and analyzed; (4) review turn-taking, repair,
sequence, and preference organization; (5) discuss ethical
issues in CA; (6) outline important critiques of CA and how CA
researchers have rebutted these criticisms; and (7) summarize
the arguments presented in this chapter with a view to promoting
a constructive, critical dialog between cognitive and
socially-oriented SLA researchers.
Doing conversation analysis
Authors: Markee Numa
Published: January 2024

Avoidance is one of the oldest strategies
identified in cognitive second language acquisition. Since
participants are hiding that they are avoiding using a
particular item of language, behavioral methodologies that
normally do not use introspection might seem ill-equipped to
identify dissimulation. However (based on Markee, 2011), I show here how
avoidance can be respecified and productively re-analyzed by
using a longitudinal CA methodology (see Markee, 2008) to trace how: (1)
ethnographic data that are “talked into relevance” by
participants can be used to demonstrate how avoidance is
verbally achieved in real time over time; and (2) based on
feedback from an anonymous reviewer, how CA methods can also
identify how different participants can simultaneously pursue
conflicting agendas.
Phenomenology
Authors: Ostovar-Namaghi Seyyed Ali
Published: January 2024

This chapter aims to showcase Phenomenology as
a research methodology by presenting EFL learners’ experience of
proficiency maintenance in a context where English has no social
function. The study started with a participant who was able to
maintain her proficiency and then sampled other participants who
shared the same experience through snowball sampling.
Transcendental phenomenology was chosen to explore the
participants’ subjective experience of the phenomenon under
study in an objective manner. To achieve this objective, a
reflexive account of the researcher’s preconceptions of
proficiency maintenance was written and bracketed as irrelevant
to the participants’ account of their experience. To present a
clear synopsis of the study, the chapter will explain why the
mode of inquiry was chosen, how it was implemented, and how the
challenges were addressed.
Conceptual design and simulation of a thermal matrix-type SFCL
Authors: Gui Zhixing , Wang Yu , Lu Jiming , Yan Zhongming
Published: January 2024

Simultaneous quench is a prerequisite for achieving high-rated voltage and current in superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) based on superconducting thin films. In this article, we propose the T-MSFCLs, i.e. the matrix-type SFCLs (MSFCLs) with thermally-assisted simultaneous quenches, to mitigate hotspot and dielectric breakdown problems. We present the typology of the non-isolated and isolated T-MSFCLs and develop a computational model for evaluating their quench performances. The short-circuit simulation results demonstrates that the quench propagation between SFCL elements is easy to establish and is self-sustaining in the non-isolated and the isolated T-MSFCLs due to an electric-thermal coupling. The effects of Jc
distribution and shunt layers on quench properties are studied. We find that T-MSFCLs always produce global quench despite having poor global uniformity

Δ

J
c

/

J
c

. The quench activation, quench development and the current-limiting properties of T-MSFCL are relevant to the parameters of shunt layers and the weakest SFCL element. The design parameters of the shunt layers are the main conditions for the maximum tolerance voltage and the maximum response rate of the T-MSFCL. By generalizing these findings, a method for capacity design of T-MSFCL is presented.
New lump solutions and several interaction solutions and their dynamics of a generalized (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear differential equation
Authors: Feng Yexuan , Zhao Zhonglong
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we mainly focus on proving the existence of lump solutions to a generalized (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear differential equation. Hirota’s bilinear method and a quadratic function method are employed to derive the lump solutions localized in the whole plane for a (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear differential equation. Three examples of such a nonlinear equation are presented to investigate the exact expressions of the lump solutions. Moreover, the 3d plots and corresponding density plots of the solutions are given to show the space structures of the lump waves. In addition, the breath-wave solutions and several interaction solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear differential equation are obtained and their dynamics are analyzed.
Post-Newtonian binary dynamics in the effective field theory of Horndeski gravity*
Authors: Wu 武 Wen-Hao 文浩 , Tang 汤 Yong 勇
Published: January 2024

General relativity has been very successful since its proposal more than a century ago. However, various cosmological observations and theoretical consistency still motivate us to explore extended gravity theories. Horndeski gravity stands out as one attractive theory by introducing only one scalar field. Here we formulate the post-Newtonian effective field theory of Horndeski gravity and investigate the conservative dynamics of inspiral compact binary systems. We calculate the leading effective Lagrangian for a compact binary and obtain the periastron advance per period. In particular, we apply our analytical calculation to two binary systems, PSR B 1534+12 and PSR J0737-3039, and constrain the relevant model parameters. This theoretical framework can also be systematically extended to higher orders.
Effect of full melt temperature sintering and semi-melt heat preservation sintering on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti3SiC2/Cu composites
Authors: Chen Biao , Zhang Rui , Liu Fuyan , Wu Chenlong , Zhang Huiming , Sun Miao , Tulugan Kelimu
Published: January 2024

The influence of sintering parameters on the microstructure, phase composition and mechanical property of the Ti3SiC2/Cu composites sintered by spark plasma sintering technique was investigated and the related sintering mechanism was clarified in detail. Results indicated that during the heating process, one part of the high energy adsorbed by the composites let Cu melt and fill the gaps inside the composites. Meanwhile, there’s different molten condition about Cu duel to different heating temperature that cause Cu fill in the most space between Ti3SiC2 particles. The other part of the energy caused to the local high temperature, contributing for the chemical reaction and the formation of TiCx and Cu3Si. Therefore, at the same heating rate, the composites showed better mechanical property and higher density with a longer heating time. The heating stage played an important role in the change of the mechanical property, microstructure and volume of the composites. During the holding stage, because the amount of the reactants significantly decreased, the related chemical reaction got slow and the energy needed during this stage was lower than that during the heating stage. And the particle of Ti3SiC2 need more time for moving to the space of Cu. Therefore, the higher the holding temperature, the more significant was the diffusion of the phases. The more uniform the phases, the higher was the density. When heating temperature (higher than holding temperature) cause Cu complete melt and holding temperature keep the Cu in semi-melt, there will be a more effective sintering method.