bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Afforestation by natural regeneration or by tree planting: examples of opposite hydrological impacts evidenced by long-term field monitoring in the humid tropics
Authors: Lacombe G. , Ribolzi O. , de Rouw A. , Pierret A. , Latsachak K. , Silvera N. , Pham Dinh R. , Orange D. , Janeau J.-L. , Soulileuth B. , Robain H. , Taccoen A. , Sengphaathith P. , Mouche E. , Sengtaheuanghoung O. , Tran Duc T. , Valentin C.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. The humid tropics are exposed to an unprecedented modernization of agriculture involving rapid and highly-mixed land-use changes with contrasted environmental impacts. Afforestation is often mentioned as an unambiguous solution for restoring ecosystem services and enhancing biodiversity. One consequence of afforestation is the alteration of streamflow variability controlling habitats, water resources and flood risks. We demonstrate that afforestation by tree planting or by natural forest regeneration can induce opposite hydrological changes. An observatory including long-term field measurements of fine-scale land-use mosaics and of hydro-meteorological variables has been operating in several headwater catchments in tropical Southeast Asia since 2001. The GR2M water balance model repeatedly calibrated over successive 1 year periods, and used in simulation mode with specific rainfall input, allowed the hydrological effect of land-use change to be isolated from that of rainfall variability in two of these catchments in Laos and Vietnam. Visual inspection of hydrographs, correlation analyses and trend detection tests allowed causality between land-use changes and changes in seasonal flows to be ascertained. In Laos, the combination of shifting cultivation system (alternation of rice and fallow) and the gradual increase of teak tree plantations replacing fallow, led to intricate flow patterns: pluri-annual flow cycles induced by the shifting system, on top of a gradual flow increase over years caused by the spread of the plantation. In Vietnam, the abandonment of continuously cropped areas mixed with patches of tree plantations led to the natural re-growth of forest communities followed by a gradual drop in streamflow. Soil infiltrability controlled by surface crusting is the predominant process explaining why two modes of afforestation (natural regeneration or planting) led to opposite changes in flow regime. Given that commercial tree plantations will continue to expand in the humid tropics, careful consideration is needed before attributing to them positive effects on water and soil conservation.
What is Racism? Othering, Prejudice and Hate-motivated Violence
Authors: Jefferson Tony
Published: December 2015

The paper’s concern is the current difficulty, in journalism, the academy and politics, of discussing questions to do with race, ethnicity, difference and immigration because of the fear of being called a racist. It starts with an analysis of biographical interview data drawn from fifteen people who had variously acquired the label racist and who were part of a small-scale study into racism in the Midlands city of Stoke-on-Trent, UK conducted between 2003 and 2005. The interviews used the free association narrative interview method. This analysis revealed that most people do not consider themselves racist and that having a conviction for a racially aggravated offence or being a member of a far right organisation was not able to differentiate racists from non-racists. It also revealed a spectrum of attitudes towards immigrants or particular ethnic groups: strong expressions of hatred at one end of the spectrum; strong prejudicial feelings in the middle; and a feeling that ‘outsider’ groups should not benefit at the expense of ‘insiders’ (called ‘othering’) at the other end. The turn to theory for assistance revealed that, although hatred, prejudice and ‘othering’ are not the same thing, and do not have the same origins, they have become elided. This is primarily because cognitive psychology’s hostility to psychoanalysis marginalised hatred whilst its exclusive preoccupation with prejudice came effectively to define racism at the individual level. Progress in thinking about racism might consist of abolishing the term and returning to thinking about hatred, prejudice and ‘othering’ separately.
Anita Lam (2014) Making Crime Television: Producing Entertaining Representations of Crime for Television Broadcast. Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge.
Authors: McGovern Alyce
Published: December 2015

Book review
Chief Editors’ Introduction
Authors: Carrington Kerry
Published: December 2015

It has been a great year for the journal:  our most successful ever. This edition marks three years of publication of the International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy. In 2015 the journal was selected for inclusion into Scopus and Web of Science data bases. This is a terrific success story and testimony to the high quality of the articles, the editorship, the reviewing and the international readership of the journal. We are grateful as ever to our distinguished International Editorial Board and all our reviewers who are anonymous to readers and authors due to the norms of blind peer reviewing. We also thank the out-going foundational co-editor-in-chief Reece Walters for his efforts in making this journal the success it is. The journal has now surpassed 150,000 abstract views and 100,000 full PDF downloads. This journal is one of only a few in the world of criminology to support fully on-line free-to-download articles, and to promote creative commons copyright: that is, authors’ rights to reproduce their own material. We support the democratisation of knowledge and are delighted to be leaders in high quality international journal publishing.Download the PDF file here for the Chief Editors’ introduction to this issue and be motivated by the eclectic and impressive range of topics offered by our contributors to read further.
Flexible Work Practices and Private Law Firm Culture: A Complex Quagmire for Australian Women Lawyers
Authors: Easteal Patricia Lynn , Caligari Anne , Bartels Lorana , Fitch Emma
Published: December 2015

In this article, we examine gender and the work culture in Australian private law firms. Our primary focus is the extent to which flexible work practices remain a quagmire for female lawyers. We consider the systemic barriers affecting women lawyers, including hidden attitudes, the persistence of a gendered division of labour in the private sphere, the ongoing gender pay gap in Australia, and the ways in which the law firm ethos of long working hours disadvantages women. We then present some practical steps to remedy this situation, including accommodating working mothers’ time constraints, mentoring and networking, and training for managers and support staff. It is proposed that more needs to be done to encourage employers to implement these methods with confidence that flexible work arrangements can provide benefit to the firm as a whole, as well as individual employees. To achieve this, we put forward a reform of the framework in order to implement these practical steps. We also discuss some ways to possibly effect attitudinal change in law firm culture and conclude with some observations about the future of legal practice in this context. Finally, further involvement of the Law Council of Australia is proposed, to impose conditions on the practising certificates of lawyers in supervisory roles to assist them in complying with the framework. This would also ensure that flexible work arrangements are accessible to both employers and employees, which in turn will assist in dissolving the systematic discrimination that female lawyers face in private law firms.
Queensland’s Frontier Killing Times – Facing Up To Genocide
Authors: Baldry Hannah , McKeon Ailsa , McDougall Scott
Published: December 2015

Timothy Bottoms’ recent work Conspiracy of Silence: Queensland’s Frontier Killing Times comprehensively documents the systematic killing of thousands of Aboriginal people across the State from the mid-19th until the early 20th century. The record suggests that during this period, significant portions of clan groupings and, in some cases, arguably entire nations of people were slaughtered. The sustained use of State-sanctioned violence via the Queensland Native Police Corps and the consistent pattern of killings raise several questions: Did these acts of violence constitute genocide? If so, who is responsible? What legal and policy avenues are available to address the intergenerational impacts of these unrecognised acts of genocide?
Attitude towards Learning of Science and Academic Achievement in Science among Students at the Secondary Level
Authors: Narmadha U. , Chamundeswari S.
Published: December 2015

The present study aimed to investigate attitude towards learning of Science and academic achievement in Science among students at the secondary level. Using random sampling technique 422 students, from the secondary level in different systems of education, namely, state, matriculation and central board schools were chosen. The Attitude toward Learning of Science Scale (Grewal, 1972) was used to assess the attitude towards learning Science and the marks scored in Science were taken from their half yearly performance. The data collected was subjected to statistical analysis, namely, mean, standard deviation, ‘t’- test, ‘F’- ratio, Karl Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Co-efficient ‘r’. Results showed that the students belonging to the central board schools have a higher level of attitude towards learning of Science compared to students in state board but did not differ with students in matriculation board schools at the secondary level. Similarly, students belonging to central board schools performed better in Science subject compared to the students in state and matriculation board schools at the secondary level. The girls are significantly better in their attitude toward learning of Science when compared to the boys in all categories of schools. In matriculation and central board schools the girls are better than boys in their academic achievement in Science whereas in state board schools there is no significant difference in their gender. A positive correlation was found to exist between attitude towards learning Science and academic achievement in Science among the students.
Nancy Fraser: Revolutionary Empiricism?
Authors: Sandemose Jorgen
Published: December 2015

This article presents a criticism of Nancy Fraser’s influential essay “Behind Marx’s Hidden Abode. For an Expanded Conception of Capitalism”. After a short introduction determining Fraser’s theoretical stance amidst the critical waves around Karl Marx’s positions, her concept of “abodes”, thought to be hidden from Marx’s view of the capitalist order, is analyzed. Thereupon, certain limitations of her interpretation of the “economic” dimension in Marx’s work is pointed out, and also how they lead to misconceptions of the theory of the social formation as a whole. Furthermore, it is shown how Fraser is tempted to introduce ill-considered and alien elements into Marx’s view of the international economy (the world market), thereby rendering meaningless a Marxian concept of the political. Towards the end, the distinctively empiricist aura in which Fraser’s theory is presented is being criticized: It represents a rupture with any possible revolutionary theory.
Distribution, status and threats of the freshwater pearl
Authors: Dolmen Dag , Kleiven Einar
Published: December 2015

Dolmen D and Kleiven E. 2008. Distribution, status and threats of the freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus) (Bivalvia, Margaritiferidae) in Norway. Fauna norvegica 26/27: 3-14.The distribution of Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus) in Norway is mainly along the coast and in the lowland. Based on a questionnaire sent to county governors’ offices and municipal administrations in Norway, about 430 former and existing localities have been recorded, of which about 300 are still-existing. However, the real number is probably more than twice as large. Central Norway has the highest number of documented sites. The northernmost locality is at Berlevåg (Finnmark) at 70°50’N lat., and the highest verified record is near Snåsa (Central Norway) at 472 m a.s.l. The great majority of localities are associated with Cambro-Silurian volcano-sedimentary rocks or situated below the postglacial marine limit, i.e. in areas not too poor in calcium. The species is an early immigrant, and a landlocked population in Central Norway has probably existed since 8900 14C-yr B.P. The pearl mussel has become extinct during the past few decades at as many as 30% of its localities, mostly due to urbanisation and pollution. There is a high correlation between the density of people in a county (or the proportion of cultivated land) and the “density” of extinct pearl mussel populations (r=0.91). Other threats considered were hydropower regulations, excavations and constructional work in the watercourse, fishing for pearls, acidification and natural droughts or floods. In spite of the negative trend, some large populations still exist, with local densities >100 ind. m-2 and numbers of up to 1 mill. ind. km-1 river stretch. The Norwegian stock probably consists of >300 mill. ind.
Distribution of marine, benthic, shell bearing gastropods along the Norwegian coast
Authors: Høisæter Tore
Published: December 2015

Based on literature data and my extensive material from along the coast, the distribution of shell bearing marine, benthic gastropods known from Norwegian waters, is outlined. The geographic area covered goes down to c. 1200 m on the continental slope, and extends from the Swedish borderin the south to the Russian border in the north-east. On the slope the distribution is restricted to an area east of 0°, and south of 72° N. Neither the North Sea nor the western ‘slope’ of the Norwegian Trench are included. Systematics and nomenclature follow Clemam (Check List of European Marine Mollusca) closely. The emphasis is on the distribution of each species within the designated area, but taxonomic and nomenclaturial problems are discussed wherever considered relevant. Altogether 365 species level taxa are included, of which 326 are considered as definitely belonging to the Norwegian fauna. The rest are recorded as doubtful, either because only empty shells have been found, or their confirmed distribution falls outside the limits here defined. Of the ‘species’ included, I consider at least 18 to be undescribed, while another 16 were described from Norwegian material after Høisæter (1986) was published. The northern distributional limit is extended for 47 species, while 11 species have received a new southern limit. Sixty six species have a generic name diferent from the one used in Høisæter (1986), while 35 species have another specific name. All changes are listed in the main part of the article, and references are given to the sources for the changes. Four faunal components are recognized: a slope component, species mainly found in negative temperatures on the continental slope, between 500 and 1200 m; an Arctic component, species in Norway almost exclusively found in East Finnmark; a group of species in Norway found only or mainly on the Skagerrak coast or in Oslofjorden; and finally the main group found along most of the coast.
Freshwater rotifers from Hordaland, western Norway, with a survey of freshwater rotifers previously found in Norway
Authors: Bjørklund Brit Godske
Published: December 2015

Bjørklund BG. 2009. Freshwater rotifers from Hordaland western Norway with a u survey of freshwater rotifers previously found in Norway. Fauna Norvegica29: 11-54. A total of 156 species (or subspecies) o rotifers, mostly non-planktonic, have been identified from freshwater or slightly brackish-water localities in the county of Hordaland; 83 are new to Norway and 24 others are new to the county. One hundred of the species were collected from the two valleys of Eksingedalen and Teigdalen in spring and summer 1967. Samples were taken on the shallow shores of lake-like parts of the rivers, and in pools, tarns and small lakes. Forty more or less euryhaline fresh­water rotifers were also collected during studies of slightly brackish-water localities around Bergen in 1963-1969. A number of freshwater rotifers were collected at several localities in and around Bergen in 1968-1970, and on the western part of Hardangervidda. Of those so far identified ,23 are new to Norway and 8 more are new to the county. They are therefore included in the species list. A few additional ones are referred to in the taxonomical notes. All the species are listed with localities and habitat categories, or, in the case of the last-mentioned ones, just the district where they were collected. The paper includes notes, measurements and ,in most cases, figures regarding 44 little known, variable or taxonomically problematical species, especially in the genera Cephalodella and Trichocerca. Comments are given on the distribution , abundance and diversity of the species. The paper presents asurvey of previous investigations on rotifers in Norway, listing 200 previously recorded freshwater (a few euryhaline) rotifers, giving other names, the authors who recorded the finds and, in most cases, the counties where the species were collected.
A New Opera: Middlemarch in Spring
Authors: Stevens Claudia
Published: December 2015

The new chamber opera, Middlemarch in Spring, based on George Eliot's Middlemarch, by composer Allen Shearer on a libretto by Claudia Stevens, received a high-profile, critically acclaimed premiere in San Francisco in March 2015. The librettist describes the opera's genesis from initial conception of a single scene, that of Dorothea and Celia dividing the jewelry, into a two-hour opera in six scenes and two acts. The challenges in adapting, condensing, and dramatizing a novel of such breadth, richness, and complexity required composer and librettist to work in close collaboration. Stevens discusses the development of her text, working within the constraints of the operatic medium while maintaining the tone and sensibilities of Eliot's language. Certain creative liberties were necessary in order to streamline the narrative and convey the most essential and compelling aspects of the book, enabling an audience uniquely to experience Middlemarch as an opera.
Chromosome numbers of selected species of Elatine L. (Elatinaceae)
Authors: Kalinka Anna , Sramkó Gábor , Horváth Orsolya , Molnár V. Attila , Popiela Agnieszka
Published: December 2015

The paper reports chromosome numbers for 13 taxa of Elatine L., including all 11 species occurring in Europe, namely E. alsinastrum, E. ambigua, E. brachysperma, E. brochonii, E. californica, E. campylosperma, E. gussonei, E. hexandra, E. hungarica, E. hydropiper, E. macropoda, E. orthosperma, E. triandra originating from 17, field-collected populations. For seven of them (E. ambigua, E. californica, E. campylosperma, E. brachysperma, E. brochonii, E. hungarica, E. orthosperma) the chromosome numbers are reported for the first time. With these records, chromosome numbers for the whole section Elatinella Seub. became available. Although 2n = 36 was reported to be the most common and the lowest chromosome number in the genus, our data show that out of thirteen species analyzed, six had 36 chromosomes but five species had 54 chromosomes, and the lowest number of chromosomes was 18. These data further corroborates that the basic chromosome number in Elatine is x = 9.
Ethnochoreology as an Interdiscipline in a Postdisciplinary Era: A Historiography of Dance Scholarship in Serbia
Authors: Rakočević Selena
Published: December 2015

Although (ethno)choreology within European scholarship maintains its continuity as a methodologically and theoretically grounded discipline, there is an ongoing need among scholars to re-evaluate its traits and achievements and (re)position it within both the social sciences and/or humanities. Sustained scholarly attention to basic questions about the nature of the field of study encourages discussion and debate about a number of issues, including the name of the discipline and whether it should specify the object of research (e.g., Lange 1981:5; Giurchescu 2007:5; Koutsouba 2008:227) or designate the “perspective” of its investigation Giurchescu and Torp 1991:1; Ivanova-Nyberg 2011:31). These ongoing dialogues also support debate on the basic epistemological and methodological orientation of “constructing dance knowledge” (Gore and Bakka 2007:93), which during recent decades has fluctuated between empirical and hermeneutic poles (Bakka and Karoblis 2010:179–84).
Collaborative Fieldwork, “Stance,” and Ethnography
Authors: Hadley Fredara M. , Justice Deborah
Published: December 2015

Engaged with a discipline built on music, participant-observation, and fieldwork, ethnomusicologists position the experience of music and culture as a lens for studying the social creation of meaning. Ethnomusicologists' methodologies (e.g., approaches to fieldwork, analysis, and ethnography) are collaborative social acts and defining elements of the discipline. Yet in the second edition ofShadows in the Field, a foundational reader on ethnomusicological field research, Bruno Nettl laments that “most of our literature treats these matters at best as an essential step toward whatwe are trying to find out and not as a central activity” (2008:viii). While increasing numbers of ethnomusicologists are engaging fieldwork and its theories as objects of inquiry, this area would benefit from still greater scholarly attention. In this article, we explore the methodological implications of collaborative fieldwork by analysing what happens when ethnomusicologists deliberately go into the field together.
La famille d’accueil à vocation adoptive : enjeux et réflexions autour du modèle québécois
Authors: Chateauneuf Doris , Lessard Julie
Published: December 2015

Au Québec, les adoptions réalisées par les services de protection de l’enfance représentent une part importante du nombre total d’adoptions prononcées par les autorités judiciaires. Par contre, ce type d’adoption est peu connu du grand public et demeure très peu investi sur le plan de la recherche. Le présent article se penche sur le programme québécois Banque mixte (familles d’accueil à vocation adoptive) et met celui-ci en parallèle avec le modèle de planification concurrente développé aux États-Unis et au Royaume-Uni. La recension des écrits réalisée par les auteures permet de mieux comprendre les fondements et principes de ce modèle, mais aussi d’en dégager les enjeux et défis.
Santé psychologique des demandeurs d’asile dans un contexte politique défavorable : perspectives d’intervenants sociaux sur les réformes du système de protection des réfugiés1
Authors: Sarradet Sandrine
Published: December 2015

Ce projet de recherche empirique visait à explorer les conséquences des réformes fédérales du système de protection des réfugiés sur la santé psychologique des demandeurs d’asile à Montréal, notamment à travers l’offre de services d’aide à cette population. Les intervenants sociaux interrogés ont fait ressortir plusieurs manières dont ces réformes accentuent les difficultés post-migratoires des demandeurs d’asile, notamment par l’insuffisance des ressources d’aide psychosociale et le discours anti-réfugié véhiculé dans la population. Ces résultats reflètent la nécessité d’investir adéquatement dans les ressources d’aide à cette population et de promouvoir le développement, dans la société d’accueil, d’une vision respectueuse de la réalité et des droits des demandeurs d’asile.
Les stratégies pour favoriser l’engagement au sein des groupes visant à contrer la violence conjugale
Authors: Roy Valérie , Labarre Michel , Drouin Marie-Ève
Published: December 2015

Au Québec et ailleurs, les groupes pour les conjoints ayant des comportements violents constituent une des réponses sociales au problème de la violence conjugale. Or, les taux d’abandon dans ces groupes demeurent préoccupants en raison notamment des risques de récidive qui y sont associés. Les études suggèrent qu’un faible sentiment d’engagement compte parmi les facteurs associés aux abandons, alors que l’engagement dans les groupes serait considéré comme un élément favorisant le succès des programmes d’intervention. Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche qualitative sur les stratégies qui peuvent favoriser l’engagement des hommes dans les programmes de groupe. Les résultats mettent en lumière l’importance du choix de s’engager dans le groupe, de même que le rôle des intervenants, des autres membres du groupe et de l’environnement dans ce processus. Une analyse critique des stratégies contribuant à maintenir et à renouveler le choix des hommes de s’engager dans leur démarche de groupe est proposée.
Improvement of properties of an ambipolar organic field-effect transistor by using a singlet biradicaloid film
Authors: Yamane Wataru , Koike Harunobu , Chikamatsu Masayuki , Kubo Takashi , Nishiuchi Tomohiko , Kanai Kaname
Published: December 2015

We have improved the properties of ambipolar organic field-effect transistors by chemically treating the source and drain electrodes with a vacuum-deposited biradicaloid film. Biradicaloid was a diphenyl derivative of s-indacenodiphenalene (Ph2-IDPL). An alkane thiol self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was used as an insulator buffer layer at the Ph2-IDPL/electrode interface to prevent off-current. We confirmed the transport level alignment at the Ph2-IDPL/SAM/electrode interface by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and inverse photoemission spectroscopy. Although Ph2-IDPL transistors containing the SAM showed a higher on/off ratio or mobility than a previously reported device without the buffer layer, there was a trade-off between on/off ratio and mobility. Our results suggest that biradical molecules are promising candidates for use in low-power inverters.
Consumer Decision-Making Styles of Indian Adolescents
Authors: Pillai # Sumit , Srivastava Arpita
Published: December 2015

This study examines the consumer decision-making styles with respect to shopping behavior among Indian adolescents. Specifically, Sproles and Kendall’s Consumer Style Inventory was used to determine the various decision-making styles of the respondents. An initial sample of 250 school-going children completed the inventory, which was found to be unreliable. Further, a study was conducted on a sample of 283 students to develop a new scale using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Six decision-making styles of the original scale, specifically, Price Consciousness, Brand Consciousness, Fashion Consciousness, Hedonistic Orientation, Habitual Orientation, and Impulse Driven, were retained but five new styles, i.e., Reference Group Orientation, Convenience Seeking, Bargain Seeking, Socially Desirable, and Information Seeking, emerged which were found to be unique to Indian shopping behavior. Additionally, the Perfectionist style from the original scale split into two factors, Perfection Seeking and Quality Seeking, in Indian adolescents.

Keywords: Consumer Decision Making, CSI, Indian, Adolescents

To cite this document: Sumit Pillai and Arpita Srivastava, "Consumer Decision-Making Styles of Indian Adolescents", Contemporary Management Research, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 385-408, 2015.

#Correction of Authorship by Authors' Request
This paper was submitted to CMR in October 21, 2014. This manuscript was subject to editorial review and was held to be suitable for publication after revision, and was published in CMR Vol. 11, No. 4 (December 2015).
In April 2017, Sumit Pillai and Arpita Srivastava had submitted a request for correction of authorship, asking that Sumit Pillai should be added to the paper as first author and Arpita Srivastava should be the second author. After email communication, both two authors (Sumit Pillai and Arpita Srivastava) confirmed that they agreed the change in authorship.

Permanent link to this document:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.14181
On climate model simulations of the large‐scale meteorology associated with California heat waves
Authors: Grotjahn Richard , Lee Yun‐Young
Published: December 2015

Previous work considered how well the large‐scale meteorological patterns (LSMPs) associated with California Central Valley heat waves are captured by a climate model. Recent work found two distinct types of LSMPs and key parcel trajectories occurring prior to heat wave onset. This study searches for those two types of heat waves in two additional reanalyses and in historical simulations by 14 climate models. The reanalyses develop both types with similar properties; their differences are used as a conservative estimate of acceptable differences between data sets. All the models develop heat waves of both types, but the models vary quite a bit in the separation between the two types, the magnitudes of the two types, and the frequency of occurrence of the two types. The best models match a third to a half of the properties found in reanalyses. Models tend to have lower valued projections onto the two types than reanalyses, consistent with a systematic tendency to center the hottest 850 hPa temperatures onshore instead of just offshore. Models of higher horizontal resolution tend to simulate better the two types. There is some evidence that models with a low top (with relatively poorly resolved stratosphere) also simulate the clusters better.
Lipidic Cubic Phases as a Versatile Platform for the Rapid Detection of Biomarkers, Viruses, Bacteria, and Parasites
Authors: Vallooran Jijo J. , Handschin Stephan , Pillai Samyuktha M. , Vetter Beatrice N. , Rusch Sebastian , Beck Hans‐Peter , Mezzenga Raffaele
Published: December 2015

Rapid and affordable detection of analytes is critical in diagnostic technologies, but current methods are typically expensive and unsuitable for field detection. Lipidic cubic phases are optically isotropic, transparent lyotropic liquid crystals (LC), containing highly confined water nanochannels in‐between percolating lipid bilayers following defined space groups. Due to this nanoconfinement, the water in these systems provides a unique environment for chemical and enzymatic reactions. Here, it is shown that during the in meso peroxidase enzymatic reaction, the converted product crystallizes within the mesophase domains, generating a detectable birefringence signal and a new general assay principle is presented for the detection of an unprecedented vast class of analytes using such birefringence as sole optical output signal. By exploiting bienzymatic cascade reactions or introducing an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay based on birefringence (Birefringent‐ELISA), this approach is used for real‐time detection of exemplary analytes, such as glucose and cholesterol, model pathogenic microorganisms, Escherichia coli, and viruses such as Ebola and HIV. It is also shown how the same technology enables the rapid, naked‐eye screening of malaria infection via in meso detection of hemozoin crystallites. This new technology is general and readily adaptable to the rapid detection of virtually any type of analyte, such as disease biomarkers, viruses, bacteria, and parasites.
Aza‐Henry Reaction of Isatin Ketimines with Methyl 4‐Nitrobutyrate en Route to Spiro[piperidine‐3,3′‐oxindoles]
Authors: Holmquist Melireth , Blay Gonzalo , Muñoz M. Carmen , Pedro José R.
Published: December 2015

A new enantioselective route to spiro[piperidine‐3,3′‐oxindoles] from isatin ketimines is described. The aza‐Henry reaction of N‐Boc‐isatin ketimines with methyl 4‐nitrobutyrate in the presence of a Ph2BOX‐CuBr2 complex provided the corresponding nitro amino esters with good diastereoselectivity and excellent enantioselectivity (up to >99% ee). The aza‐Henry adducts were transformed into spiro[piperidine‐3,3′‐oxindoles] after reduction of the nitro group to oxime, and cleavage of the N‐Boc group and lactamisation.

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Amines vs. N‐Oxides as Organocatalysts for Acylation, Sulfonylation and Silylation of Alcohols: 1‐Methylimidazole N‐Oxide as an Efficient Catalyst for Silylation of Tertiary Alcohols
Authors: Murray James I. , Spivey Alan C.
Published: December 2015

A comparison of the relative catalytic efficiencies of Lewis‐basic amines vs. N‐oxides for the acylation, sulfonylation and silylation of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols is reported. Whilst the amines are generally superior to the N‐oxides for acylation, the N‐oxides are superior for sulfonylation and silylation. In particular, 1‐methylimidazole N‐oxide (NMI‐O) is found to be a highly efficient catalyst for sulfonylation and silylation reactions. To the best of our knowledge, NMI‐O is the first amine or N‐oxide Lewis basic organocatalyst capable of promoting the efficient silylation of tert‐alcohols in high yield with low catalyst loading under mild reaction conditions.

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Utilizing an o‐Quinone Methide in Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation: Enantioselective Synthesis of Brosimine A, Brosimine B, and Brosimacutin L
Authors: Keßberg Anton , Metz Peter
Published: December 2015

A concise and highly enantioselective synthesis of the flavonoids brosimine A, brosimine B, and brosimacutin L is reported for the first time. The key transformation is a single‐step conversion of a flavanone into a flavan by means of an asymmetric transfer hydrogenation/deoxygenation cascade.
Study of particle size distribution and oxygen mass balance in a bubbling fluidizing combustor using cotton stalk
Authors: Sharma Rajeev Kamal , Mohapatra S.  K.
Published: December 2015

Fluidized bed combustor is one out of the most popular techniques to utilize biomass wastes in agricultural states like Punjab, India. In this work, a three‐phase mathematical model, considering bubble growth along bed height, has been developed. The mathematical model has been used to find out certain key performance parameters like carbon utilization efficiency, bed carbon load and exit gas composition in a bubbling fluidized bed combustor using tuyre‐type distributor plate. The model predictions have been compared with 7.5 MW fluidized bed power plant using cotton stalk and are found to be in good agreement with plant data. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Was tun mit Metaphern? Überlegungen zur Bedeutung von Metaphern und Metapherntheorie für die Wissenschaftsgeschichte am Beispiel medizinischer Schockmetaphorik
Authors: Koch Ulrich
Published: December 2015

How to Do Things with Metaphors: Reflections on the Role of Metaphors and Metaphor Theory for the History of Science Using the Example of Shock Metaphors in Medicine. In recent decades, metaphors have attracted a great deal of interest within the history, philosophy, and sociology of science. The article takes the growing interest in epistemic metaphors as the starting point of a discussion of two conflicting motives prevalent in theories of metaphor and metaphoricity: On the one hand, metaphors are associated with the indeterminacy of scientific discovery and the emergence of new epistemic objects; and on the other hand, metaphors are said to provide a filter of possible meanings and vantage‐points. It is argued that an approach, which aims to do justice to both tendencies, cannot exclusively rely on linguistic models but must expand its scope of inquiry to include the practical trajectories of a metaphor’s usage as well as the problematizations to which they respond, since both engender metaphorical meaning, albeit at the cost of semantic precision. The exemplary case discussed in the article, the psychologization of nervous shock in nineteenth century medical discourse, demonstrates that the incremental process of shock’s shifting semantics would be inadequately characterized as a metaphorical transfer. Instead, it is shown how the actualization of earlier meanings, in particular of shock as a state of altered consciousness, in novel professional and cultural contexts acted as a catalyst for the psychologization of shock and related nascent concepts such as psychic trauma. As a possible, and methodologically fruitful way of overcoming the one‐sidedness of linguistic notions of metaphor, a combination of Jürgen Link’s concept of inter‐discourse with a philosophical metaphorology (Blumenberg) is discussed in the final section of the paper.
Sascha Topp, Geschichte als Argument in der Nachkriegsmedizin. Formen der Vergegenwärtigung der nationalsozialistischen Euthanasie zwischen Politisierung und Historiographie, (Formen der Erinnerung 53) Göttingen: V&R unipress 2013. / Volker Roelcke, Sascha Topp, Etienne Lepicard (Hrsgg.),­ Silence, Scapegoats, Self‐Reflection: The Shadow of Nazi Medical Crimes on Medicine and Bioethics, (Formen der Erinnerung 59) Göttingen: V&R unipress 2014.
Authors: Söhner Felicitas
Published: December 2015

370 S., € 49,99. ISBN 978‐3‐8471‐0127‐7. / 379 S., € 49,99. ISBN 978‐3‐8471‐0365‐3.
Andreas Haka, Soziale Netzwerke im Maschinenbau an deutschen Hochschul‐ und außeruniversitären Forschungseinrichtungen 1920–1970, (Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Wissenschafts‐ und Technikgeschichte 6) Berlin: Logos Verlag 2014.
Authors: Prietl Bianca
Published: December 2015

472 S., € 75,00. ISBN 978‐3‐8325‐3695‐4.
Silke Fengler, Kerne, Kooperation und Konkurrenz. Kernforschung in Österreich im internationalen Kontext (1900–1950), (Wissenschaft, Macht und Kultur in der modernen Geschichte 3) Wien usw.: Böhlau 2014.
Authors: Eckert Michael
Published: December 2015

373 S., € 49,00. ISBN 978‐3‐205‐79512‐4.
Alfred Nordmann, Hans Radder, Gregor Schiemann (Hrsgg.), Strukturwandel der Wissenschaft. Positionen zum Epochenbruch, Weilerswist: Velbrück Wissenschaft 2014.
Authors: Böschen Stefan
Published: December 2015

260 S., br., € 24,95. ISBN 978‐3‐942393‐70‐6.
Anke te Heesen, Margarete Vöhringer (Hrsgg.), Wissenschaft im Museum, Ausstellung im Labor, (LiteraturForschung 20) Berlin: Kadmos 2014.
Authors: Heumann Ina
Published: December 2015

249 S., € 26,80. ISBN 978‐3‐86599‐223‐9.
Paul Erickson, Judy L. Klein, Lorraine Daston, Rebecca Lemov, Thomas Sturm, Michael D. Gordin, How Reason Almost Lost Its Mind: The Strange Career of Cold War Rationality, Chicago/London: University of Chicago Press 2013.
Authors: Hounshell Eric
Published: December 2015

259 S., geb., $ 35,00. ISBN 978‐0‐226‐04663‐1.
Glycometabolic reprogramming associated with the initiation of human dental pulp stem cell differentiation
Authors: Wang Linyan , Cheng Li , Wang Huning , Pan Hongying , Yang Hui , Shao Meiying , Hu Tao
Published: December 2015

Glycometabolism, particularly mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis, plays a central role in cell life activities. Glycometabolism can be reprogrammed to maintain the stemness or to induce the differentiation of stem cells, thereby regulating tissue repair and regeneration. However, research on the glycometabolism of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) remains scarce. Here, we investigated the relationship between glycometabolic reprogramming and initiation of hDPSC differentiation. We found the differentiation of hDPSCs commenced on day 3 when cells were cultured in mineralized medium. When cell differentiation commenced, mitochondria became elongated with well‐developed cristae, and the oxygen consumption rate of mitochondria was enhanced, manifested as an increase in basal respiration, mitochondrial ATP production, and maximal respiration. Interestingly, glycolytic enzyme activities, glycolysis capacity, and glycolysis reserve were also upregulated at this time to match the powerful bioenergetic demands. More importantly, hDPSCs derived from different donors or cultured in various oxygen environments showed similar glycometabolic changes when they began to differentiate. Thus, glycometabolic reprogramming accompanies initiation of hDPSC differentiation and could potentially play a role in the regulation of dental pulp repair.
Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Ag Nanoparticles of Different Shapes
Authors: Van Cleve Tim , Gibara Emily , Linic Suljo
Published: December 2015

Silver electrocatalysts are an attractive alternative to platinum for electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline fuel cells. Recent advances in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles have enabled the design of silver nanoparticles of different shapes, terminated with different surface facets that exhibit different catalytic properties. In this contribution, we prepared spherical and cubic silver nanoparticle electrocatalysts and tested their electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction activity in 0.1 m sodium hydroxide. Our work demonstrates that carbon‐supported silver nanospheres and nanocubes of similar size exhibit similar ORR activity with the spheres slightly outperforming the cubes. In addition, we suggest possible reasons for the slightly enhanced activity of the nanospheres.
Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite of Gallium Zinc Oxynitride Photocatalyst with Improved Activity for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Adeli Babak , Taghipour Fariborz
Published: December 2015

Gallium zinc oxynitride (GaN:ZnO) solid solution is one of the most promising visible‐light activated photocatalysts due to high stability in water splitting reaction conditions and controllable band edge potentials. To further enhance the activity of this photocatalyst by facilitating the photo‐induced charges separation, a nanocomposite of GaN:ZnO solid solution photocatalyst and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets was fabricated through facile ultrasonication. Structural, optical, and electrochemical characterization of the prepared composite revealed the effective interaction between composite components and significant improvement in charge separation. The synthesized composite with a defined amount of GO demonstrated superior activity for overall water splitting under visible light irradiation with significantly higher apparent quantum efficiency.
π‐Electron Systems That Form Planar and Interlocked Anion Complexes and Their Ion‐Pairing Assemblies
Authors: Yamakado Ryohei , Sakurai Tsuneaki , Matsuda Wakana , Seki Shu , Yasuda Nobuhiro , Akine Shigehisa , Maeda Hiromitsu
Published: December 2015

Interactions between designed charged species are important for the ordered arrangements of π‐electron systems in assembled structures. As precursors of π‐electron anion units, new arylethynyl‐substituted dipyrrolyldiketone boron complexes, which showed anion‐responsive behavior, were synthesized. They formed a variety of receptor–anion complexes ([1+1] and [2+1] types) in solution, and the stabilities of these complexes were discussed in terms of their thermodynamic parameters. Solid‐state ion‐pairing assemblies of [1+1]‐ and [2+1]‐type complexes with countercations were also revealed by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. In particular, a totally charge‐segregated assembly was constructed based on negatively and positively charged layers fabricated from [2+1]‐type receptor–anion complexes and tetrabutylammonium cations, respectively. Furthermore, the [1+1]‐type anion complex of the receptor possessing long alkyl chains exhibited mesophases based on columnar assembled structures with contributions from charge‐by‐charge and charge‐segregated arrangements, which exhibited charge‐carrier transporting properties.
Chemo‐ and Regioselective Ethynylation of Tryptophan‐Containing Peptides and Proteins
Authors: Hansen Morten Borre , Hubálek František , Skrydstrup Troels , Hoeg‐Jensen Thomas
Published: December 2015

Ethynylation of various tryptophan‐containing peptides and a single model protein was achieved using Waser's reagent, 1‐[(triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl]‐1,2‐benziodoxol‐3(1 H)‐one (TIPS‐EBX), under gold(I) catalysis. It was demonstrated by NMR that the ethynylation occured selectively at the C2‐position of the indole ring of tryptophan. Further, MS/MS showed that the tryptophan residues could be modified selectively with ethynyl functionalities even when the tryptophan was present as a part of the protein. Finally, the terminal alkyne was used to label a model peptide with a fluorophore by means of copper‐catalyzed click chemistry.
Lung Delivery of Indacaterol and Mometasone Furoate Following Inhalation of QMF149 in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Vaidya Soniya S. , Khindri Sanjeev , Maahs Suzanne , Machineni Surendra , Hara Hisanori , Juan Axel , Kaiser Günther
Published: December 2015

This single‐dose, 4‐period crossover study evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK) of the β2‐agonist indacaterol maleate and the corticosteroid mometasone furoate (MF) after inhalation of a fixed‐dose combination (QMF149, indacaterol maleate/MF, 500/400 μg) via the Twisthaler (TH) device with and without activated charcoal and postdose mouth rinsing in healthy volunteers. The PK of indacaterol maleate 300 μg inhaled via the Breezhaler (BRZ) device was also characterized. Relative bioavailability of indacaterol and MF for inhalation with versus without charcoal, based on AUClast, was 0.25 (90% confidence interval [CI], 0.18–0.35) and 0.70 (90%CI, 0.52–0.93), respectively. Thus, 25% and 70% of systemic exposure of indacaterol and MF, respectively was due to pulmonary absorption and 75% and 30%, respectively, was due to gastrointestinal absorption. Mouth rinsing reduced the systemic exposure of indacaterol by approximately 35% but had no relevant effect on the exposure of MF. Dose‐normalized AUClast for indacaterol inhaled via the BRZ device was 2.3‐fold higher than QMF149 via the TH device. All treatments had a good safety profile and were well tolerated. Data from this study and comparison with inhalation of indacaterol via the BRZ device suggest that the latter was more efficient than the TH device regarding lung delivery of indacaterol.
Cobalt phthalocyanine nanowires: Growth, crystal structure, and optical properties
Authors: Ji Xiaolin , Zou Taoyu , Gong Hao , Wu Qiong , Qiao Zhenfang , Wu Wei , Wang Hai
Published: December 2015

Cobalt phthalocyanine nanowires with new crystal structure and broad optical absorption spectra were fabricated by using organic vapor phase deposition method. The morphology, crystal structure and optical properties of CoPc nanowires were characterized by SEM, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and UV‐visible spectroscopies. Analyses of X‐ray diffraction patterns and Fourier transform infrared spectra indicate that the crystal structure of CoPc nanowires represents a new polymorph, which is designated J‐CoPc. These J‐CoPc nanowires with high directionality (average diameter ∼50 nm) surprisingly possess much broader optical absorption spectra in the visible spectral region than those of the α‐ and β‐phase CoPc, enabling high potential for practical applications in novel molecular electronic/optical devices.
Power allocation for two‐user cognitive multiple access channels under primary user outage constraint
Authors: Xu Ding , Li Qun
Published: December 2015

We consider a two‐user spectrum sharing cognitive radio multiple access channel (CR‐MAC) coexisting with a pair of primary users (PUs). Different from the existing works in CR‐MAC where the interference power constraint is applied to protect the PU transmission, a more advanced protection criterion over the interference power constraint, namely, PU outage constraint, is adopted in this paper not only to protect the PU transmission but also improve the performance of the CR‐MAC. Under such a constraint, as well as the transmit power constraint, and assuming that perfect channel state information (CSI) is available, two heuristic power allocation algorithms for the secondary users based on dual optimization are proposed. The objective is to maximize the ergodic sum capacity of the CR‐MAC without successive interference cancelation (SIC). One algorithm applies alternating direction optimization method to derive an iterative power allocation, while the other algorithm adopts exclusive transmission to determine the power allocation. Besides, we extend our results to the multi‐user and partial CSI scenarios. It is shown by extensive simulations that the proposed algorithm based on alternating direction optimization method always outperforms the existing algorithms based on the interference power constraint, while the proposed algorithm based on exclusive transmission outperforms the existing algorithms for medium and large values of the transmit power limit. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.