bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nephron-Sparing Surgery for Renal Cell Carcinoma with Tumor Thrombus
Authors: Ciancio Gaetano , González Javier
Published: June 2021

Objective: The aim of the study was to describe our experience in patients who underwent nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) with tumor thrombectomy. Patients and Methods: Three consecutive patients who underwent NSS and tumor thrombectomy for localized single/multifocal renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) in conjunction with tumor thrombus between 2007 and 2011 were included. Open partial nephrectomy and thrombectomy was performed. Reconstruction included main renal vein, collecting system, and remaining parenchymal closure. One of the cases required additional artery repair and flushing with preservation solution. Results: Ischemic time was kept for 30–40 min. Mean estimated blood loss was 183.3 cc (range:100–300). One patient required the transfusion of 1 packed red blood cells unit. One of the patients developed a urinary fistula requiring double-J stenting. Hospital staying ranged between 5 and 8 days. None of the patients required renal replacement therapy either postoperatively or in the follow-up. Serum creatinine level at last follow-up (mean 83 months) ranged from 0.8 to 2.8 mg/dL. Conclusion: Our experience supports the feasibility of imperative partial nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy for cases of RCC with renal vein involvement by tumor thrombus. In experienced hands, this approach may offer the patient a low morbidity postoperative course and long-term freedom from disease while maintaining the renal function, thus avoiding the need of renal replacement therapy.
Low power circuit design using NCL based asynchronous method
Authors: Thanh Toi Le , Tri Lac Truong , Hoang Trang
Published: June 2021

The null convention logic (NCL) based circuit design methodology eliminates the problems related to noise, clock tree, electromagnetic interference and also reduces significant power consumption. In this paper, we would like to demonstrate the advantage of low power consumption of the NCL based asynchronous circuit design on a large design scale, thus we used the advanced encryption standard (AES) encryption design as an illustrative example. In addition, we also proposed two pipelined AES encryption models using the synchronous circuit design technique and the asynchronous circuit design technique based on NCL. Besides, these two models were realized by using version control system (VCS) tool to simulate and Design Compiler tool to synthesize parameters in power consumption, processing speed and area. The synthesis results of these two models indicated that power consumption of the NCL based asynchronous AES encryption model had a decrease of 71% compared with the synchronous AES encryption model. Moreover, we show the outstanding advantage of the power consumption of the NCL based asynchronous design model (a decrease of 91.12% and 93,23%) compared to the synchronous design model using clock gating technique and without using clock gating technique respectively.
The application of instrumentation system on a contactless robotic triage assistant to detect early transmission on a COVID-19 suspect
Authors: Hidayat Niko Azhari , Megantoro Prisma , Yurianta Abdufattah , Sofiah Amila , Aldhama Shofa Aulia , Effendi Yutika Amelia
Published: June 2021

This article discusses the instrumentation system of airlangga robotic triage assistant version 1 (ARTA-1), a robot used as a contact-free triage assistant for Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) suspects. The triage process consists of automatic vital signs check-up as well as the suspect’s anamnesis that in turns will determine whether the suspect will get a specific care or not. Measurements of a suspect’s vital conditions, i.e. temperature, height, and weight, are carried out with sensors integrated with the Arduino boards, while a touch-free, hand gesture questions and answers is carried out to complete anamnesis process. A portable document format (PDF) format of the triage report, which recommends what to do to the suspect, will then be automatically generated and emailed to a designated medical staff.
Influência do clima ético na justiça procedimental e no comprometimento organizacional: interação da participação orçamentária
Authors: Monteiro Januário José , Bortoluzzi Daiane Antonini , Lunkes Rogério João , Rosa Fabricia Silva da
Published: June 2021

A pesquisa tem por objetivo avaliar a influência do clima ético, justiça procedimental e participação orçamentária no comprometimento organizacional. Para atingir o objetivo foi aplicado um questionário com gestores de 150 empresas listadas na Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão (B3). Os dados foram analisados por meio modelagem de equações estruturais (PLS-SEM) e Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (FsQCA). Os resultados mostram que o clima ético influencia positivamente na percepção de justiça procedimental e no comprometimento organizacional. Evidencia-se também, que o alto nível de participação orçamentária exerce influência positiva no comprometimento organizacional. Além disso, o estudo mostra que a participação dos gestores no processo orçamentário intensifica positivamente a relação entre a percepção de justiça procedimental e o comprometimento organizacional. A pesquisa contribui com a literatura ao sugerir que uma maior adoção de práticas éticas no exercício das tarefas e a participação dos gestores na elaboração do orçamento, acentua o alto nível de percepção de justiça procedimental e o comprometimento organizacional.
O uso das tecnologias assistivas na mediação da informação em biblioteca escolar: acessibilidade para alunos com deficiência visual
Authors: Costa Ana Cristina de Almeida , Chalhub Tania
Published: June 2021

A biblioteca escolar é fundamental no apoio pedagógico de alunos, independente das suas demandas comunicacionais. É essencial que a biblioteca como um ambiente educacional ofereça acessibilidade a todos os seus usuários, com materiais educacionais adequados a todos. Desse modo, o estudo de usuários se torna significativo para conhecer as principais características dos usuários, visando a oferta de produtos e processos que possibilitem a mediação da informação para usuários com deficiência. Este artigo buscou identificar os recursos para acesso e uso por pessoas com deficiências visuais nas bibliotecas. O objetivo principal é discutir a literatura de Ciência da Informação sobre metodologias para acessibilidade de usuários com deficiência visual em bibliotecas escolares, visando contribuir com a inclusão eficaz desses usuários no meio informacional. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura tendo como fonte a Base de Dados Referenciais de Artigos e Periódicos em Ciência da Informação (BRAPCI). Após identificar os estudos, descreve e discute as principais propostas acessíveis e inclusivas presentes que podem ser utilizadas nas bibliotecas escolares, tais como: softwares gratuitos- NonVisual Desktop Access (NVDA), Dosvox, Macdayse, leitor de tela Jaws, Lupa, produção de livros digitais. Este estudo aponta para a necessidade de se conhecer as práticas inclusivas para que o acesso e uso da informação sejam garantidos de forma equitativa objetivando tornar a inclusão mais efetiva em bibliotecas escolares.
Lay Stakeholders in Science and Research Initiative: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association
Authors: Roach William H. , Bischoff James M. , Dennis Bernie , Donalson Marvis , Dunbar Sandra B. , Hill Debbie , Ng-Osorio Jacqueline , Powers Sally , Wold Loren E. ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Research Committee
Published: June 2021

The American Heart Association (AHA) is the largest not-for-profit funder of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease research in the United States. It has supported research of independent scientists for 7 decades with the goal of finding novel discoveries that will reduce death and disability from these diseases and ultimately improve overall health. In 2014, the AHA approved a pilot initiative to include lay stakeholders (patients, caregivers, and passionate advocates) in its research and science operations. The initiative was based on the premise that lay stakeholders would add a unique and necessary perspective that would improve decisions concerning research funding, research direction, and scientific guidelines. The AHA developed a framework for the initiative that defined lay stakeholder, created a volunteer recruitment and training program, established policies for incorporating lay stakeholders into science operations, and set metrics for evaluating the initiative over time. It has instituted creative ways to engage lay volunteers and to foster lay and scientist cooperation. Program assessments have been consistently positive and have identified needed future improvements. The benefits of lay/scientist collaboration have far exceeded the AHA’s expectations. The AHA will continue to strengthen lay volunteer engagement throughout its science and research operations; to focus on developing a larger, diverse group of qualified lay stakeholders; to educate scientists on how to communicate research effectively to the public and donors; and to retain the respect of donors for the rigors of its research funding, scientific statements, and clinical guidelines.
Hjoula: A remarkable mid-Cenomanian Lebanese fossil fish Lagerstätte now promising also for fossil insects
Authors: MAKSOUD SIBELLE , AZAR DANY
Published: June 2021

Lebanon is worldwide famous in Palaeontology for its rich Late Cretaceous marine fish deposits in Haqel, Nammoura and Hjoula. Recently, the two latter outcrops yielded surprisingly some complete and none-dislocated fossil insects (Azar et al., 2019; Vršanský & Makhoul, 2013; Nel et al., 2004), indicating a particular depositional marine palaeoenvironment, close to a palaeoshoreline during the mid-Cenomanian.
Impact of the choices of calibration points for molecular dating: a case study of Ensifera
Authors: NEL ANDRÉ
Published: June 2021

Fossils are crucial for molecular clade dating (Warnock et al., 2012, 2015). But it is necessary to have a rigorous approach, without rejecting taxa on poor arguments or ignoring some of them without any reasons. Here we show through two very recent examples of phylogenetic studies on the Orthoptera, that such behaviours can have dramatic consequences on the value of the results of the studies.
Characteristics of inherent coupling structure of model climates
Authors: Zhu Xiuhua
Published: June 2021

This work proposes a framework to examine interactions of climate modes that are identified as leading EOF modes; their coupling structure is unveiled through correlation analysis and helps constructing a regression model, whose performance is compared across GCMs, thereby providing a quantitative overview of model performances in simulating mode-interaction. As demonstration surface temperature is analyzed for five CMIP5 PiControl simulations. Along with the seasonal land and ocean modes, four interannual modes are identified: Tropical Mode (TM) associated with the Hadley circulation, Tropical Pacific Mode (TPM) characterizing a zonal temperature contrast between the eastern tropical Pacific and the Atlantic-Indian ocean, and two annular modes: Arctic Mode (AM) and Ant-arctic Mode (AAM). All GCMs converge on the following: 1) TM strongly couples with seasonal signals of the previous year; 2) TPM leads TM by 1 year, thus a weaker zonal temperature contrast in the tropics contributes to warming in the entire tropical band one year later; 3) AM weakly couples to TM at a one-year lead, suggesting a colder north pole may contribute to colder tropics. In addition, all GCMs do not support a linear coupling between AAM and TM. The above-learned coupling structure is incorporated to construct an optimum regression model that demonstrates considerable predictive power. The proposed approach may both serve as a useful tool for dynamical analysis and lend insight into GCM differences. Its merit is demonstrated by the finding that different representations of the mean seasonal cycle in GCMs may account for the GCM-dependence of relative contributions of seasonal and inter-annual modes to TM variability.
The ATRIA and Modified-ATRIA Scores in Evaluating the Risk of No-Reflow in Patients With STEMI Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Abacioglu Ozge Ozcan , Yildirim Arafat , Koyunsever Nermin Yildiz , Kilic Salih
Published: June 2021

The no-reflow (NR) phenomenon is frequently encountered in acute coronary syndrome. We evaluated the association between anticoagulation and risk factors in atrial fibrillation (ATRIA) and modified ATRIA risk scores and NR in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Consecutive patients (n = 551) who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention between December 2019 and June 2020 due to STEMI were included. The mean age of the patients was 60.5 ± 10.8 years (n = 369, 67% male). The ATRIA and modified anticoagulation and risk factors in atrial fibrillation-hyperlipidemia, smoking, male (m-ATRIA-HS) scores were calculated. The NR group had higher frequency of diabetes mellitus (DM), serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) levels, and corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count (cTFC) ( P = .002, P = .006, and P < .001, respectively). In regression analysis, ATRIA, m-ATRIA-HS, thrombus grade, and cTFC were independent predictors of NR. Age, higher CK-MB, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and DM were the other predictors for NR. Pairwise comparison of receiver operating characteristics curve analysis showed that the m-ATRIA-HS (>2, area under curve [AUC]: 0.715) has better performance than ATRIA score (>1, AUC: 0.656), with a P < .022 and z statistics 2.279. In conclusion, ATRIA, especially the m-ATRIA-HS, can be used to evaluate NR risk in STEMI.
The early decades of the Bata Shoe Company in India: From establishment to economic and social integration
Authors: Balaban Milan , Herman Jan , Savic´ Dalibor
Published: June 2021

The study presents a historical and sociological interpretation of the events that marked the gradual integration of the Bata Company into the Indian economy and society from the mid-1920s to the early 1960s. Within this context, in addition to the general economic, political and cultural developments, particular attention has been devoted to the everyday life of Indian and Czech workers in the Bata company town of Batanagar. The study is based on a comparative-historical analysis of available archival sources and a secondary analysis of the relevant academic literature. The results of the research indicate that during this period, Bata was forced to adapt continuously to the cultural specifics of Indian society, that is, the process of its integration into the Indian economy and society had pronounced glocal characteristics.
State and Local Policies and Sectoral Labor Standards: From Individual Rights to Collective Power
Authors: Jacobs Ken , Smith Rebecca , McBride Justin
Published: June 2021

The US enterprise-based collective bargaining regime creates substantial limitations for organizing workers in an economy in which supply chains are increasingly disaggregated in ways that reduce worker power. Federal labor law generally preempts state and local policies that directly address private-sector bargaining. State and local governments, however, are not preempted from setting general labor standards. The authors examine four cases of recent experiments using sectoral standards at the local level. The cases show that sectoral standards have the potential to expand new forms of social bargaining through state and local public policy in areas of the country where worker organizations are already strong. Sectoral standards can do so in ways that promote worker organization and build institutional power, especially when combined with robust worker organizing. In presenting these cases, the authors show both the potential power, and limitations, of federalism in US workplace regulation.
“Is there no Balm in Gilead?”: Health, Illness, Death, and Dying in the Hebrew Bible and Today
Authors: Kaminsky Joel S.
Published: June 2021

This essay argues that the Hebrew Bible contains conceptual resources that can contribute to and enrich the ongoing discussions surrounding healthcare in the U.S. and in other modern Western societies. These biblical ideas may help us reframe our understandings of sickness and health, something urgently needed if we wish individuals and their families to have less medically invasive and less alienating experiences of illness, most especially during end of life care.
Glutathione and its dependent enzymes’ modulatory responses to neonicotinoid insecticide sulfoxaflor induced oxidative damage in zebrafish in vivo
Authors: Piner Benli Petek , Çelik Mehmet
Published: June 2021

The use of neonicotinoid insecticides has progressively increased worldwide when compared with other insecticide groups. Due to this increase, non-target animal species such as fish are exposed to neonicotinoids from different sources, so they can be accumulated at trophic levels and cause various toxic effects by reaching humans. There are limited studies related to the toxic effects of neonicotinoid sulfoximine insecticides including sulfoxaflor on non-target species. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of sulfoxaflor on GSH-related antioxidants and to determine oxidative stress-producing effect of sulfoxaflor in the gill of zebrafish ( Danio rerio). For this purpose, three sublethal concentrations of sulfoxaflor 0.87 mg/L (2.5% of 96 h LC50), 1.75 mg/L (5% of 96 h LC50), 3.51 mg/L (10% of 96 h LC50) of sulfoxaflor were exposed to zebrafish for 24, 48, and 96 h. GSH related antioxidants were evaluated by analyzing tGSH levels and GPx, GR, GST specific enzyme activities in the gill of zebrafish. The oxidative damage of sulfoxaflor on gill cells was determined by measuring TBARS levels. The results of this study demonstrated that sulfoxaflor activated GSH related antioxidants by increasing tGSH levels, GPx, GR enzyme activities and by diminishing GST enzyme activity in the gill of zebrafish. Sulfoxaflor also caused oxidative damage in the gill of zebrafish by increasing lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, this study indicated that sulfoxaflor led to oxidative stress and activation of GSH related antioxidants in the gill of zebrafish.
Carrier delay-based method for development of the tracks for the transitions between patterns on 3D braiding machines with continuous rotating horn gears
Authors: Glessner Peter , Kyosev Yordan
Published: June 2021

The pattern changes on the 3D rotary braiding machines (maypole principle with horn gears with full and empty slots) require complex planning of the carrier positions and timing and allow for production of bifurcated and other complex braids with variable cross sections for medical and technical applications. Another common application of pattern changes is to make a visually different pattern for marking of the remaining length of rope when used in a climbing context or for generally lengthened pieces for medical sutures. The development of such samples has previously been done using the trial-and-error method. This paper presents one rule for supporting a more systematic and purposeful trial, which significantly speeds up the development process. After a short review of the related literature, the main theoretical background is given and two practical cases for pattern change are demonstrated. The patterns were developed using numerical simulation before being tested on a real braiding machine. With this paper the authors hope to give some motivation for the remaining braiders in the world to continue working on the development of systematic rules for this complex process.
The Role of Attachment to God in Understanding Religiosity and Generosity Among Christian Young Adults
Authors: Pettit Ramanda Mallery , Jin Joel , Rosales Aaron , Fung Winnie , Fung Joey
Published: June 2021

The study examined the association between religiosity and generosity, and whether it is mediated by secure attachment to God, among Christian young adults. A total of 154 participants (Mean age = 22.75, SD = 6.12) completed self-report measures on religiosity (religious activities and intrinsic religiosity), attachment to God, and generosity (generous behavior and interpersonal generosity). In terms of direct effects, religious activities were positively associated with secure attachment to God and generous behavior, whereas intrinsic religiosity was associated with higher levels of interpersonal generosity. In terms of indirect effects, secure attachment to God mediated the relations between both types of religiosity (religious activities and intrinsic religiosity) and interpersonal generosity. Secure attachment to God did not mediate the relation between religiosity and generous behavior. The results of the study highlight the role of religiosity and secure attachment to God in cultivating generosity among young adults. Implications of the study findings, especially with regard to the potential roles of clinicians and clergy in cultivating generosity among young adults, will be discussed.
Assessing Dynamic Risk and Dynamic Strength Change Patterns and the Relationship to Reoffending Among Women on Community Supervision
Authors: Wanamaker Kayla A. , Brown Shelley L.
Published: June 2021

This study examines how dynamic risk and strength factors change over time and whether these changes are predictive of reoffending outcomes. The sample includes 2,877 Canadian women under community supervision with Service Planning Instrument reassessment data. Over a 30-month period, patterns of change in total dynamic risk and strength scores were examined. Change parameters were entered into a series of logistic regression models, linking change to three reoffending outcomes: technical violations, any new charges, and new violent charges. Overall, total dynamic risk scores decreased, and total dynamic strength scores increased over time. Change in total dynamic risk scores predicted any new charges and technical violations, whereas change in total dynamic strength scores only predicted technical violations. Findings demonstrated the utility of reassessing dynamic risk and strength scores over time and support the incorporation of strengths-based approaches with women involved in the criminal justice system.
Popular Feminism: Considering a Concept in Feminist Politics and Theory
Authors: Conway Janet M.
Published: June 2021

An analysis of popular feminism as a category in Latin American feminist studies from its origins in the 1980s and its disappearance in the 1990s to its resurgence in the present through the protagonism of the World March of Women, asks what is at stake in this contemporary claim to popular feminism in relation to the multiplication of feminisms. The contemporary use of the concept specifies a feminist praxis that is contentious, materialist, and counterhegemonic in permanently unsettled relations both with other feminisms and mixed-gender movements on the left. Despite converging agendas for redistribution, it also remains in considerable tension with black and indigenous feminisms. As a racially unmarked category, contemporary popular feminism continues to reproduce an elision of race and colonialism common to mestiza feminism and the political left.

Un análisis del feminismo popular como categoría en los estudios feministas latinoamericanos, desde sus orígenes en la década de 1980 y su desaparición en la década de 1990 hasta su actual resurgimiento a través del protagonismo de la Marcha Mundial de la Mujer nos lleva a preguntarnos qué está en juego en esta reivindicación contemporánea del feminismo popular cuando lo consideramos en relación a la actual multiplicación de feminismos. El uso contemporáneo del concepto especifica una praxis feminista que es polémica, materialista y contrahegemónica dentro del marco de relaciones permanentemente inestables, tanto con otros feminismos como con movimientos izquierdistas de género mixto. A pesar de las agendas convergentes de redistribución, también mantiene una tensión considerable con los feminismos negros e indígenas. Como categoría racialmente inespecífica, el feminismo popular contemporáneo mantiene sus elisiones de raza y colonialismo, asunto característico del feminismo mestizo, así como de la izquierda política.
Surgical Approach to Frontal and Ethmoid Sinus Osteomas: The Experience of 2 Metropolitan Italian Hospitals
Authors: Minni Antonio , Roncoroni Luca , Cialente Fabrizio , Zoccali Federica , Colizza Andrea , Placentino Angelo , Ormellese Giorgio , Ralli Massimo , de Vincentiis Marco , Dragonetti Alberto
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to report the surgical management experience of patients with osteomas of the frontal and ethmoid sinuses performed in 2 metropolitan Italian hospitals between 2012 and 2019.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review of cases of frontal and ethmoid osteomas from the Ca’ Granda Niguarda Hospital of Milan and the Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital of Rome was performed. All patients underwent preoperative computed tomography and, when orbital or intracranial extension was suspected, magnetic resonance imaging. Surgical treatment was performed according to Chiu classification.

Results:

A total of 38 cases of frontal and ethmoid sinus osteomas were included in the study; 22 patients were men and 16 were women. The mean age at diagnosis was 49 years. Seven (18.4%) patients were treated using an open approach; 3 (7.9%) patients underwent open and endoscopic approach; the remaining 28 (73.7%) patients were treated with endoscopic approach. Seven (18.4%) patients had a cerebrospinal fluid leak intraoperatively and were treated with the placement of tissue graft through the defect. The mean follow-up time was 18 months; no recurrence was observed at 12-month follow-up.

Conclusion:

Osteomas of the frontal and ethmoid sinuses can be treated using different techniques, mostly endoscopically. The choice of surgical approach (endoscopic vs open) depends on the location and size of the osteoma, anatomical size, characteristic of the sinus, surgeon’s experience, and available existing technical facilities. Cerebrospinal fluid leak is a possible complication of surgery.
Beliefs About COVID-19 in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States: A Novel Test of Political Polarization and Motivated Reasoning
Authors: Pennycook Gordon , McPhetres Jonathon , Bago Bence , Rand David G.
Published: June 2021

What are the psychological consequences of the increasingly politicized nature of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States relative to similar Western countries? In a two-wave study completed early (March) and later (December) in the pandemic, we found that polarization was greater in the United States ( N = 1,339) than in Canada ( N = 644) and the United Kingdom. ( N = 1,283). Political conservatism in the United States was strongly associated with engaging in weaker mitigation behaviors, lower COVID-19 risk perceptions, greater misperceptions, and stronger vaccination hesitancy. Although there was some evidence that cognitive sophistication was associated with increased polarization in the United States in December (but not March), cognitive sophistication was nonetheless consistently negatively correlated with misperceptions and vaccination hesitancy across time, countries, and party lines. Furthermore, COVID-19 skepticism in the United States was strongly correlated with distrust in liberal-leaning mainstream news outlets and trust in conservative-leaning news outlets, suggesting that polarization may be driven by differences in information environments.
An Automatic Biopsy Needle Detection and Segmentation on Ultrasound Images Using a Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Wijata Agata , Andrzejewski Jacek , Pyciński Bartłomiej
Published: June 2021

Needle visualization in the ultrasound image is essential to successfully perform the ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy. Automatic needle detection can significantly reduce the procedure time, false-negative rate, and highly improve the diagnosis. In this paper, we present a CNN-based, fully automatic method for detection of core needle in 2D ultrasound images. Adaptive moment estimation optimizer is proposed as CNN architecture. Radon transform is applied to locate the needle. The network’s model was trained and tested on the total of 619 2D images from 91 cases of breast cancer. The model has achieved an average weighted intersection over union (the weighted Jaccard Index) of 0.986, F1 Score of 0.768, and angle RMSE of 3.73°. The obtained results exceed the other solutions by at least 0.27 and 7° in case of F1 score and angle RMSE, respectively. Finally, the needle is detected in a single frame averagely in 21.6 ms on a modern PC.
Troubled Orbits and Earthly Concerns: Space Debris as a Boundary Infrastructure
Authors: Clormann Michael , Klimburg-Witjes Nina
Published: June 2021

Like other forms of debris in terrestrial and marine environments, space debris prompts questions about how we can live with the material remains of technological endeavors past and yet to come. Although techno-societies fundamentally rely on space infrastructures, they so far have failed to address the infrastructural challenge of debris. Only very recently has the awareness of space debris as a severe risk to both space and Earth infrastructures increased within the space community. One reason for this is the renewed momentum of interplanetary space exploration, including the colonization of the Moon and Mars, which is part of transhumanist and commercially driven dreams of the so-called New Space age. Understanding space infrastructures as inherently linked to earthly infrastructure, we attend to the ways in which space debris, a once accepted by-product of scientific-technological progress, economic interests, and geopolitics, increasingly becomes a matter of concern. Drawing on qualitative interviews with European space sector representatives and work in Science and Technology Studies on infrastructures, we argue that their discursive efforts and visual representation strategies coproduce space debris as a boundary infrastructure. We suggest considering this boundary infrastructure as relating orbital environments and the planet through enacting sustainability and responsibility for beyond-planetary environments.
Longitudinal associations between attachment and forgivingness within romantic relationships
Authors: Dewitte Laura , Martin Annika , Allemand Mathias , Hill Patrick L.
Published: June 2021

Being securely attached and willing to forgive your partner tends to promote greater relationship success. Though attachment and partner forgiveness are associated cross-sectionally, research has yet to investigate whether and how these positive relationship factors tend to codevelop over time. The current study examined cross-lagged effects and correlated changes in partner forgivingness and attachment across a 2-year period with two measurement occasions ( n = 514 individuals). Additionally, dyadic analyses were conducted with a subsample of dyads in the study ( n = 149 dyads). Individual level analyses evidenced negative cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between attachment-anxiety and forgivingness. Attachment-avoidance and forgivingness showed significant correlated changes over time. Dyadic level analyses showed that attachment-avoidance predicted partner forgivingness 2 years later but not vice versa. Findings suggest that longitudinal associations between attachment and forgivingness may take different forms at the individual and dyadic level.
Context-based understanding of food-related queries using a culinary knowledge model
Authors: Chatterjee Usashi
Published: June 2021

Dietary practices are governed by a mix of ethnographic aspects, such as social, cultural and environmental factors. These aspects need to be taken into consideration during an analysis of food-related queries. Queries are usually ambiguous. It is essential to understand, analyse and refine the queries for better search and retrieval. The work is focused on identifying the explicit, implicit and hidden facets of a query, taking into consideration the context – culinary domain. This article proposes a technique for query understanding, analysis and refinement based on a domain specific knowledge model. Queries are conceptualised by mapping the query term to concepts defined in the model. This allows an understanding of the semantic point of view of a query and an ability to determine the meaning of its terms and their interrelatedness. The knowledge model acts as a backbone providing the context for query understanding, analysis and refinement and outperforms other models, such as Schema.org , BBC Food Ontology and Recipe Ontology.
Real time anomalies detection in crowd using convolutional long short-term memory network
Authors: Saba Tanzila
Published: June 2021

Violence is a critical social problem and demands to evaluate through computer vision approaches. At present, the incidences of violent actions get grown in the community, particularly in public places due to several economic and social causes. Moreover, our society’s populations are increasing day by day and it is challenging to keep citizens within limits as well as monitoring human activities in crowd is too hard. Thus, government organizations including local bodies, require examining such occurrences through smart surveillance. In this research, a lightweight computational architecture has been presented to classify non-violent and violent activities. A model has been proposed to extract time-based features using smart devices, high-speed wireless networks and cloud servers to classify real-time human activities. For this purpose, a deep learning-based model is employed to detect violent activities and assist the stakeholders in exposing such activities in real-time. Convolutional long short-term memory (Conv-LSTM) is employed to extend fully connected LSTM (FC-LSTM) to capture the frame and detect violent actions. The proposed model accomplished 95.16% validation accuracy using a standard crowd anomaly dataset.
Detecting the public’s information behaviour preferences in multiple emergency events
Authors: Zhou Qingqing
Published: June 2021

Due to the frequent occurrence of public emergency events and the extensive use of social media in recent years, the public is more and more involved in the communication of public emergencies. As important members of the public, the rapid and massive information sharing of social media users makes them play an increasingly crucial role in the emergency processing. Hence, it is necessary to analyse information behaviours of social media users in emergency events. This article mined the information behaviours of users in multiple events to reflect the public’s behaviour preferences, aiming to provide information support for emergency handling. Specifically, we collected the user-generated contents related to emergency events, and then analysed the user-generated contents from multiple dimensions to obtain the corresponding information behaviours. Finally, based on the comparative analysis of four events, the information behaviour preferences of the public during emergencies were obtained. The experimental results indicate that the public’s behaviours in emergencies are related to their own interests and economic status, and curiosity about the details of events is the consistent appeal of the public.
From People to Objects: The digital transformation of fields
Authors: Alaimo Cristina
Published: June 2021

Digital technologies are reconfiguring organizations and their environments. Activities are increasingly distributed across fields and coordinated by data, algorithms and machines. This paper investigates data objects (objects made of data structured and aggregated under a specific template) and their role in structuring fields and field practices. It studies programmatic advertising, an automated bidding process with hundreds of participants, whereby media spaces are auctioned in real time as individual users browse online content. To work on such a large scale, programmatic advertising must standardize existing field knowledge into data and coordinate collective action through objects, algorithms and technologies. This study shows how data, data objects and their infrastructures are involved in transforming the links between institutions and practice. The makeup and functioning of data and data objects reorient existing cognitive, normative and regulative structures, constrain the rule of engagement of actors and enable field-level autonomous interaction. The datafication of knowledge and automation of practices exposed in this paper call for a thorough rethinking of existing approaches to the concepts of organizations and fields.
From Automobile Capitalism to Platform Capitalism: Toyotism as a prehistory of digital platforms
Authors: Steinberg Marc
Published: June 2021

This article explores the automotive lineage and manufacturing origins of platforms. Challenging prevailing assumptions that the platform is a digital artefact, and platform capitalism a new era, this article traces crucial elements of platform capitalism to Toyotist automobile manufacture in order to rethink the relationship between technology and organization. Arguing that the very terminology and industry applications of the ‘platform’ emerge from the automobile industry over the course of the 20th century, this article cautions against the uncritical adoption of epochal paradigms, or assumptions that new technologies require new organizational forms. By parsing the platform into two types, the stack and the intermediary, this article demonstrates how the platform concept and data-driven production practice both develop out of the Toyota Production System in particular, and American and Japanese analyses of it. Toyotism, we show, is the unseen industrial and epistemological background against which the platform economy plays out. In making this case, this article highlights the crucial continuities between the data-intensive production of companies like Uber and Amazon – emblematic of digital platform capitalism – and the organizational paradigms of the automobile industry. At a moment when the automobile returns to prominence amit platforms such as Uber, Didi Chuxing, or Waymo, and as we find tech companies turning to automobile manufacturing, this automotive lineage of the platform offers a crucial reminder of the automotive origins of what we now call platform capitalism.
Beyond the Crisis: Trust repair in an interorganizational network
Authors: Owen Gareth , Currie Graeme
Published: June 2021

This article extends understanding of trust repair by explaining in more detail the dynamics of trust at the network level. Building on organizational-level trust repair research, the article explains how two periods of trust repair – catharsis and catalysis – contribute to trust repair of an interorganizational network. In addition, the article describes how changes to network-level trust in an interorganizational network change the governance form of the network, making the interorganizational network more durable and stable.
Evaluation of Psychometric Properties of Hindi Versions of Geriatric Depression Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire in Older Adults
Authors: Mehra Aseem , Agarwal Arun , Bashar Mohammad , Grover Sandeep
Published: June 2021

Background:

A limited number of studies have evaluated the psychometric properties of rating scales used to assess depression in the older adults. The present study aimed to assess the validity of the Hindi Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS, 30, 15, 10, 5, 4, and 1 item version) and Hindi Patient Health Questionnaire (nine and two items version) in a group of older adults residing in a rural community.

Methods:

The psychometric properties of these scales were assessed against the diagnosis of depression a qualified psychiatrist made by using a semistructured interview.

Results:

Total 125 older adults were recruited from a rural community, with a mean age of 65.5 (SD: 6.4) years. The prevalence of depression was 36.8% as per the evaluation by the psychiatrist. When the agreement of different scales with the clinicians’ diagnosis was evaluated, it was seen that sensitivity, specificity, and Cohen Kappa value of GDS-30 and 15 were better than the other scales used to assess depression. When the sensitivity and specificity were evaluated using newer cutoffs, the specificity and sensitivity of GDS-30 were more than that of other scales.

Conclusion:

Hindi version of GDS-30 with a cutoff of 13 has excellent psychometric properties.
The effect of workshop training on rater variability in children’s oral narrative assessment
Authors: Karusoo-Musumeci Ava , Pearce Wendy M , Donaghy Michelle
Published: June 2021

Oral narrative assessments are important for diagnosis of language disorders in school-age children so scoring needs to be reliable and consistent. This study explored the impact of training on the variability of story grammar scores in children’s oral narrative assessments scored by multiple raters. Fifty-one speech pathologists and 19 final-year speech pathology students attended training workshops on oral narrative assessment scoring and analysis. Participants scored two oral narratives prompted by two different story stimuli and produced by two children of differing ages. Demographic information, story grammar scores and a confidence survey were collected pre- and post-training. The total story grammar score changed significantly for one of the two oral narratives. A significant effect was observed for rater years of experience and the change in total story grammar scores post training, with undergraduate students showing the greatest change. Two story grammar elements, character and attempt, changed significantly for both stories, with an overall trend of increased element scores post-training. Confidence ratings also increased post-training. Findings indicated that training via an interactive workshop can reduce rater variability when using researcher-developed narrative scoring systems.
Impact of innovation in oncology: more questions than answers
Authors: Fasola Gianpiero , Barducci Maria Carla , Beretta Giordano
Published: June 2021

Oncology is going through the fastest innovation period in the history of medicine and a growing number of patients improve or experience increased chances of survival. The declining death rate, starting from 1991, resulted in 2.9 million deaths avoided in the United States so far. A growing prevalence of patients is observed in all Western countries. New cancer drug approvals between 2000 and 2016, linked to other diagnostic, surgical, and health care improvements, were significantly associated with death reduction for the most common cancers. Alongside many positive aspects, other effects of innovations in oncology also deserve attention, especially challenges associated with the substantial increase of knowledge volume, the sharp growth of prevalence, and a concomitant or consequent increase in clinical, social, and organizational complexity. We analyse some of the consequences of oncology innovation on healthcare systems and professionals and present some suggestions on how these could be addressed by healthcare systems.
Turning the lights on to keep them in the fold: How governments preempt secession attempts
Authors: Williams Rob
Published: June 2021

There are many regions that meet the necessary conditions for sovereign governance in the world, but few secessionist conflicts. I argue that this relative paucity of secessionist violence is the result of government preemption of potential secessionist movements. Using cross-national geospatial data from 1992 to 2013, I find that governments invest more, measured via nighttime light emissions, in more secession-prone regions. The same factors that make territory attractive for secession, such as large populations and international borders, also make governments willing to work to retain control of that territory, contributing to the scarcity of separatist civil conflicts.
Filtering Touch: An Ethnography of Dirt, Danger, and Industrial Robots
Authors: Barker Ned , Jewitt Carey
Published: June 2021

“Industry 4.0” marks the advent of a new wave of industrial robotics designed to bring increased automation to “extreme” touch practices and enhance productivity. This article presents an ethnography of touch in two industrial settings using fourth generation industrial robots (a Glass Factory and a Waste Management Center) to critically explore the social and sensorial implications of such technologies for workers. We attend to manifestations of dirt and danger as encountered through describing workers’ sensory experiences and identity formation. The contribution of the article is two-fold. The first is analytical through the development of three “filters” to grasp the complexity of the social and sensorial dynamics of touch in situ while tracing dispersed mediating effects of the introduction of novel technologies. The second is empirical, teasing out themes embedded in the sociosensorial dynamics of touch that intersect with gender, ethnicity, and class and relate to the technological mediation of touch.
Learning from Criticisms of Civil Resistance
Authors: Onken Monika , Shemia-Goeke Dalilah , Martin Brian
Published: June 2021

In recent decades, civil resistance, also known as nonviolent action, has become more widely used among social movements and recognised by researchers. Alexei Anisin has usefully offered a critique of civil resistance theory and practice. His ideas are used as a basis for reflection and deeper understanding of both strengths and weaknesses of this approach. Inspired by Anisin’s questioning of the dataset used to compare nonviolent and violent anti-regime campaigns, we point to multiple neglected factors. Anisin contrasts quantitative nonviolence research unfavourably with medical and scientific research. Although Anisin’s image of science is idealised, it does point to the value of recognising the role of values in civil resistance research and in critiques of it.
The Systematic Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Critical COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Double Controlled Trial
Authors: Adas G , Cukurova Z , Yasar K Kart , Yilmaz R , Isiksacan N , Kasapoglu P , Yesilbag Z , Koyuncu ID , Karaoz E
Published: June 2021

The aim of this clinical trial was to control the cytokine storm by administering mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to critically-ill COVID-19 patients, to evaluate the healing effect, and to systematically investigate how the treatment works. Patients with moderate and critical COVID-19 clinical manifestations were separated as Group 1 (moderate cases, n = 10, treated conventionally), Group 2 (critical cases, n = 10, treated conventionally), and Group 3 (critical cases, n = 10, treated conventionally plus MSCs transplantation therapy of three consecutive doses on treatment days 0, 3, and 6, (as 3 × 106 cells/kg, intravenously). The treatment mechanism of action was investigated with evaluation markers of the cytokine storm, via biochemical parameters, levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, analyses of tissue regeneration via the levels of growth factors, apoptosis markers, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and granzyme-B, and by the assessment of the immunomodulatory effects via total oxidant/antioxidant status markers and the levels of lymphocyte subsets. In the assessment of the overall mortality rates of all the cases, six patients in Group-2 and three patients in Group-3 died, and there was no loss in Group-1. Proinflammatory cytokines IFNγ, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-2, IL-12, anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-13, IL-1ra, and growth factors TGF-β, VEGF, KGF, and NGF levels were found to be significant in Group-3. When Group-2 and Group-3 were compared, serum ferritin, fibrinogen and CRP levels in Group-3 had significantly decreased. CD45 +, CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 +, CD19 +, HLA-DR +, and CD16 + / CD56 + levels were evaluated. In the statistical comparison of the groups, significance was only determined in respect of neutrophils. The results demonstrated the positive systematic and cellular effects of MSCs application on critically ill COVID-19 patients in a versatile way. This effect plays an important role in curing and reducing mortality in critically ill patients.