bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of polymorphisms of CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and ABCB1, and activity of P-glycoprotein with response to anti-epileptic drugs
Authors: Taur SR , Kulkarni NB , Gandhe PP , Thelma BK , Ravat SH , Gogtay NJ , Thatte UM
Published: August 2014

Background and Objective:

Epilepsy, the most common neurological disorder, has treatment failure rate of 20 to 25%. Inter-individual variability in drug response can be attributed to genetic polymorphism in genes encoding different drug metabolizing enzymes, drug transporters (P-gp), and enzymes involved in sodium channel biosynthesis. The present study attempted to evaluate association of polymorphisms of CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and ABCB1, and P-gp activity with treatment response in patients with epilepsy.

Materials and Methods:

Patients with epilepsy on phenytoin and/or phenobarbital and/or carbamazepine were categorized into responders and non-responders as per the International League Against Epilepsy. Plasma drug concentration was estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography. P-gp activity was measured by flow cytometry using rhodamine efflux. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RFLP) was used to study polymorphisms of ABCB1 (C3435T), CYP2C9 (416 C > T, and 1061 A > T), and CYP2C19 (681 G > A and 636 G > A).

Results:

Of total 117 patients enrolled in this study, genotype data was available for 115 patients. P-gp activity was higher in non-responders (n = 68) compared to responders (n = 47) (P<0.001). No association of 416 C > T and 1061 A > T in CYP2C9 or 681 G > A and 636 G > A in CYP2C19 was observed with response phenotype in genotypic analysis. Significant genotypic (odds ratio, OR = 4.5; 95% CI, 1.04 to 20.99) and allelic association (OR = 1.73; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.95) was observed with ABCB1 C3435T and response phenotype.

Conclusions:

The response to antiepileptics seems to be modulated by C3435T in ABCB1 or P-gp activity. At present, role of other genetic factors in treatment responsiveness in epilepsy appears limited, warranting analysis in a larger cohort.
Bedaquiline
Authors: Nagabushan H , Roopadevi HS
Published: August 2014

Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) are emerging global health threats. Bedaquiline is a new antituberculous drug belonging to the diarylquinoline class that efficiently inhibits the adenosine triphosphate synthase enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is a bactericidal and long-acting drug. It inhibits both dormant as well as replicating bacterial sub-populations and thus shortens the duration of TB treatment. This drug has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration in December 2012 for the management of multidrug resistant-TB. The drug marks the introduction of a new addition to the TB armamentarium after four decades.
Cutaneous Necrosis as a Result of Isosulphane Blue Injection in Mammarian Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Bircan Huseyin Y. , Ozcelik Umit , Koc Bora , Kemik Ozgur , Demirag Alp
Published: August 2014

Skin-sparing mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and synchronous breast reconstruction are widely used in breast cancer surgery nowadays. Difficulties in feeling confident in this technique and postoperative surgical complications are the major obstacles against the widespread usage of this technique. Compared with the other surgical techniques, the complications are hard to treat. Cutaneous necrosis because of methylene blue used for sentinel lymph node mapping in patients who underwent skin-sparing mastectomy and SLNB is already reported in the literature. We present here two cases with cutaneous necrosis because of isosulphane blue injection after skin-sparing mastectomy and SLNB as a rare complication of dye injection.
The increasing returns to scale CES production function and the law of diminishing marginal returns
Authors: Layson Stephen K.
Published: August 2014

This article analyzes the constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function when there are increasing returns to scale and the elasticity of substitution exceeds 1, which I refer to as the explosive case of the CES. For this explosive case of the CES, the article demonstrates a new and surprising result: marginal and average products of labor and capital approach infinity as either labor or capital approach infinity. Obviously, in this explosive case of the CES, the law of diminishing marginal returns is eventually violated in a dramatic way. Some implications of this result for growth theory are discussed. The article concludes by deriving, for this explosive case of the CES, lower and upper bounds for the capital labor ratio which are consistent with the law of diminishing marginal returns.
Comparing Shear Bond Strength of Two Step vs One Step B onding Agents on Ground Enamel and Dentin: An in vitro Study
Authors: Mani Shubhangi , Shah Darshan Deepak , Manwar Narendra , Malde Rushabh
Published: August 2014

Aim

To compare the shear bond strength of Tetric N Bond (Ivoclar Vivadent) and Single Bond Universal Adhesive (3M ESPE, MN, USA) on ground enamel and dentin.

Materials and methods

A total of 30 extracted human maxillary and mandibular molars and premolars were used for this study and divided into two groups which were treated with Tetric N Bond (Ivoclar Vivaden) t- and Single Bond Universal Adhesive (3M ESPE, MN, USA). The shear bond strength was tested on Universal testing machine (Instron).

Results

There was statistically significant difference in the shear bond strength among the two groups.

Conclusion

Based on the results (Tetric N Bond, Ivoclar Vivadent) had higher bond strength than Single Bond Universal Adhesive (3M ESPE, MN, USA) on ground enamel and dentin.

How to cite this article

Shah DD, Chandak M, Manwar N, Mani S, Mani A, Saini R, Malde R. Comparing Shear Bond Strength of Two Step vs One Step Bonding Agents on Ground Enamel and Dentin: An in vitro Study. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2014;3(1):1-3.
Correlation of Anemia, Xerostomia and its Association with Candidial Colonization among Postmenopausal Women of Different Socioeconomic Status in Patients Attending Dental School in South India
Authors: Kotha Ramya , Sudhakarareddy Reddy , Alapati Satish
Published: August 2014

Background and objectives

Menopause is a physiological state that gives rise to adaptive changes at both oral and systemic level. One of the major problems in these patients is burning mouth syndrome though no appreciable organic lesions are present. Xerostomia is another frequent symptom seen in menopause. The present study was undertaken to correlate between possible oral complications – xerostomia, anemia, and candidal colonization among postmenopausal women of different socioeconomic statuses. With this background the present study was undertaken to correlate between possible oral complications – xerostomia, anemia, and candidal colonization among postmenopausal women of different socioeconomic statuses.

Materials and methods

After obtaining explained and informed consent, 40 females subjects with age range from 40 to 80 years attending outpatient department of our dental school were included in the study. A specially designed proforma was used to record demographic details and annual percapita income. A structured questionnaire was used for assessing clinical subjective symptoms of xerostomia. Hemoglobin estimation was done by cyanomethemoglobin method. Saliva sampling for estimation of colony forming units was performed using oral rinse technique.

Results

Total sample of 40 subjects anemia was prevalent in 57.5%. Xerostomia was prevalent in 75% of total sample. Association between anemia and xerostomia status showed a significant positive correlation (p = 0.04) between anemia and xerostomia. Correlation between socioeconomic status with the variables (xerostomia score and candidal counts) showed no significant positive correlation.

Conclusion

Dental practitioners need to be aware about menopause and its oral manifestations as a possible risk factor for various oral health problems. Oral physicians should be vigilant and encourage postmenopausal women to seek appropriate oral healthcare which in turn improves systemic health.

How to cite this article

Kotha R, Sudhakarareddy R, Alapati S. Correlation of Anemia, Xerostomia and its Association with Candidial Colonization among Postmenopausal Women of Different Socioeconomic Status in Patients Attending Dental School in South India. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2014;3(1):33-36.
Repositioning of the Mental Nerve in Case of Severe Mandibular Atrophy: A Case Series
Authors: Kadioglu Merve N , Senturk Mehmet Fatih , Oncul Aysegül Mine Tuzuner , Cambazoglu Mine
Published: August 2014

Following tooth extraction, cortical bone suffers greater resorption on the vestibular area and patients typically present narrow and low alveolar crests. In case of moderate to severe mandibular atrophy; the bone height between alveolar crest and mental nerve is too narrow and patients may feel pain under pressure. Repositioning of the mental nerve is an effective preprosthetic surgery procedure in patients with hyperesthesia caused by dental prosthesis. As well as this surgical repositioning of the mental nerve facilitates the placement of implants can prevent pain, in overdenture prosthesis and fixed dentures. In this report, mental nerve repositioning, implant placement in the interforaminal region of the mandible and prosthetic rehabilitation of two cases with hyperesthesia due to severe mandibular atrophy is presented. Nerve repositioning may constitute a treatment alternative in patients with a consequent risk of mental nerve damage during the placement of dental implants.

How to cite this article

Kadioglu MN, Senturk MF, Oncul AMT, Cambazoglu M. Repositioning of the Mental Nerve in Case of Severe Mandibular Atrophy: A Case Series. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2014;3(1):41-43.
Huge Solitary Bone Cyst located in Posterior Mandible
Authors: Findik Yavuz , Baykul Timuçin , Bülte Mert
Published: August 2014

The term ‘solitary bone cyst’ defines several lesions such as simple bone cyst, hemorrhagic cyst, traumatic bone cyst, and idiopathic bone cavity. Solitary bone cysts are not true cysts, they lack an epithelial lining and their etiology is uncertain. Solitary bone cysts are common lesions affecting long bones and less frequently, the jaws, especially the mandible. Lesions usually presents a typical radiographic appearance. The goal of this paper is to report a case of a solitary bone cyst in a 19-yearold female mimicking multiloculer benign neoplasm and review the literature. The lesion was treated by surgical curettage. No additional treatment, such as a surgical reconstruction or bone graft was needed.

How to cite this article

Fındık Y, Baykul T, Bülte M. Huge Solitary Bone Cyst located in Posterior Mandible. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2014;3(1):53-56.
Atmospheric wet and dry deposition of trace elements at ten sites in Northern China
Authors: Pan Y. P. , Wang Y. S.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Atmospheric deposition is considered to be a major process that removes pollutants from the atmosphere and an important source of nutrients and contaminants for ecosystems. Trace elements (TEs), especially toxic metals deposited on plants and into soil and water, can cause substantial damage to the environment and human health due to their transfer and accumulation in food chains. Despite public concerns, quantitative knowledge of metal deposition from the atmosphere to ecosystems remains scarce. To advance our understanding of the spatio-temporal variations in the magnitudes, pathways, compositions and impacts of atmospherically deposited TEs, precipitation (rain and snow) and dry-deposited particles were collected simultaneously at ten sites in Northern China from December 2007 to November 2010. The measurements showed that the wet and dry depositions of TEs in the target areas were orders of magnitude higher than previous observations within and outside China, generating great concern over the potential risks. The spatial distribution of the total (wet plus dry) deposition flux was consistent with that of the dry deposition, with a significant decrease from industrial and urban areas to suburban, agricultural and rural sites. In contrast, the wet deposition exhibited less spatial variation. The seasonal variation of wet deposition was also different from that of dry deposition, although they were both governed by the precipitation and emission patterns. For the majority of TEs that exist as coarse particles, dry deposition dominated the total flux at each site. This was not the case for K, Ni, As, Pb, Zn, Cd, Se, Ag and Tl, for which the relative importance between wet and dry deposition fluxes varied by site. Whether wet deposition is the major atmospheric cleansing mechanism for the TEs depends on the size distribution and solubility of the particles. We found that atmospheric inputs of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As and Se were of the same magnitude as their increases in the topsoil of agricultural systems. In addition, the total deposition flux of Pb observed at a forest site in this study was twice that of the critical load (7.0 mg m−2 yr−1) calculated for temperate forest ecosystems in Europe. These findings provide baseline data needed for future targeting policies to protect various ecosystems from long-term heavy metal input via atmospheric deposition.
Validation of the k-filtering technique for a signal composed of random phase plane waves and non-random coherent structures
Authors: Roberts O. W. , Li X. , Jeska L.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Recent observations of astrophysical magnetic fields have shown the presence of fluctuations being wave-like (propagating in the plasma frame) and those described as being structure-like (advected by the plasma bulk velocity). Typically with single spacecraft missions it is impossible to differentiate between these two fluctuations, due to the inherent spatio-temporal ambiguity associated with a single point measurement. However missions such as Cluster which contain multiple spacecraft have allowed temporal and spatial changes to be resolved, with techniques such as the k-filtering technique. While this technique does not assume Taylor's hypothesis as is necessary with single spacecraft missions, it does require weak stationarity of the time series, and that the fluctuations can be described by a superposition of plane waves with random phase. In this paper we test whether the method can cope with a synthetic signal which is composed of a combination of non-random phase coherent structures with a mean radius d and a mean separation λ, as well as plane waves with random phase.
LiDAR Segmentation using Suitable Seed Points for 3D Building Extraction
Authors: Abdullah S. M. , Awrangjeb M. , Lu G.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Effective building detection and roof reconstruction has an influential demand over the remote sensing research community. In this paper, we present a new automatic LiDAR point cloud segmentation method using suitable seed points for building detection and roof plane extraction. Firstly, the LiDAR point cloud is separated into "ground" and "non-ground" points based on the analysis of DEM with a height threshold. Each of the non-ground point is marked as coplanar or non-coplanar based on a coplanarity analysis. Commencing from the maximum LiDAR point height towards the minimum, all the LiDAR points on each height level are extracted and separated into several groups based on 2D distance. From each group, lines are extracted and a coplanar point which is the nearest to the midpoint of each line is considered as a seed point. This seed point and its neighbouring points are utilised to generate the plane equation. The plane is grown in a region growing fashion until no new points can be added. A robust rule-based tree removal method is applied subsequently to remove planar segments on trees. Four different rules are applied in this method. Finally, the boundary of each object is extracted from the segmented LiDAR point cloud. The method is evaluated with six different data sets consisting hilly and densely vegetated areas. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method offers a high building detection and roof plane extraction rates while compared to a recently proposed method.
Identification of Errors in 3D Building Models by a Robust Camera Pose Estimation
Authors: Iwaszczuk D. , Stilla U.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. This paper presents a method for identification of errors in 3D building models which are results of inaccurate creation process. Error detection is carried out within the camera pose estimation. As observations, parameters of the building corners and of the line segments detected in the image are used and conditions for the coplanarity of corresponding edges are defined. For the estimation, the uncertainty of the 3D building models and image features are taken into account.
Automatic Single Tree Detection in Plantations using UAV-based Photogrammetric Point clouds
Authors: Kattenborn T. , Sperlich M. , Bataua K. , Koch B.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. For reasons of documentation, management and certification there is a high interest in efficient inventories of palm plantations on the single plant level. Recent developments in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology facilitate spatial and temporal flexible acquisition of high resolution 3D data. Common single tree detection approaches are based on Very High Resolution (VHR) satellite or Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data. However, VHR data is often limited to clouds and does commonly not allow for height measurements. VHR and in particualar ALS data are characterized by high relatively high acquisition costs. Sperlich et al. (2013) already demonstrated the high potential of UAV-based photogrammetric point clouds for single tree detection using pouring algorithms. This approach was adjusted and improved for an application on palm plantation. The 9.4ha test site on Tarawa, Kiribati, comprised densely scattered growing palms, as well as abundant undergrowth and trees. Using a standard consumer grade camera mounted on an octocopter two flight campaigns at 70m and 100m altitude were performed to evaluate the effect Ground Sampling Distance (GSD) and image overlap. To avoid comission errors and improve the terrain interpolation the point clouds were classified based on the geometric characteristics of the classes, i.e. (1) palm, (2) other vegetation (3) and ground. The mapping accuracy amounts for 86.1 % for the entire study area and 98.2 % for dense growing palm stands. We conclude that this flexible and automatic approach has high capabilities for operational use.
A two-layer Conditional Random Field model for simultaneous classification of land cover and land use
Authors: Albert L. , Rottensteiner F. , Heipke C.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. This paper proposes a two-layer Conditional Random Field model for simultaneous classification of land cover and land use. Both classification tasks are integrated into a unified graphical model, which is reasonable due to the fact that land cover and land use exhibit strong contextual dependencies. In the CRF, we distinguish a land cover layer and a land use layer. Both layers differ with respect to the entities corresponding to the nodes and the classes to be distinguished. In the land cover layer, the nodes correspond to superpixels extracted from the image data, whereas in the land use layer the nodes correspond to objects of a geospatial land use database. Statistical dependencies between land cover and land use are explicitly modelled as pair-wise potentials. Thus, we obtain a consistent model, where the relations between land cover and land use are learned from representative training data. The approach is designed for input data based on aerial images. Experiments are performed on an urban test site. The experiments show the feasibility of the combination of both classification tasks into one overall approach and investigate the influence of the size of the superpixels on the classification result.
Reconstruction and simplification of urban scene models based on oblique images
Authors: Liu J. , Guo B.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. We describe a multi-view stereo reconstruction and simplification algorithms for urban scene models based on oblique images. The complexity, diversity, and density within the urban scene, it increases the difficulty to build the city models using the oblique images. But there are a lot of flat surfaces existing in the urban scene. One of our key contributions is that a dense matching algorithm based on Self-Adaptive Patch in view of the urban scene is proposed. The basic idea of matching propagating based on Self-Adaptive Patch is to build patches centred by seed points which are already matched. The extent and shape of the patches can adapt to the objects of urban scene automatically: when the surface is flat, the extent of the patch would become bigger; while the surface is very rough, the extent of the patch would become smaller. The other contribution is that the mesh generated by Graph Cuts is 2-manifold surface satisfied the half edge data structure. It is solved by clustering and re-marking tetrahedrons in s-t graph. The purpose of getting 2- manifold surface is to simply the mesh by edge collapse algorithm which can preserve and stand out the features of buildings.
Geometric processing workflow for vertical and oblique hyperspectral frame images collected using UAV
Authors: Markelin L. , Honkavaara E. , Näsi R. , Nurminen K. , Hakala T.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Remote sensing based on unmanned airborne vehicles (UAVs) is a rapidly developing field of technology. UAVs enable accurate, flexible, low-cost and multiangular measurements of 3D geometric, radiometric, and temporal properties of land and vegetation using various sensors. In this paper we present a geometric processing chain for multiangular measurement system that is designed for measuring object directional reflectance characteristics in a wavelength range of 400–900 nm. The technique is based on a novel, lightweight spectral camera designed for UAV use. The multiangular measurement is conducted by collecting vertical and oblique area-format spectral images. End products of the geometric processing are image exterior orientations, 3D point clouds and digital surface models (DSM). This data is needed for the radiometric processing chain that produces reflectance image mosaics and multiangular bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) observations. The geometric processing workflow consists of the following three steps: (1) determining approximate image orientations using Visual Structure from Motion (VisualSFM) software, (2) calculating improved orientations and sensor calibration using a method based on self-calibrating bundle block adjustment (standard photogrammetric software) (this step is optional), and finally (3) creating dense 3D point clouds and DSMs using Photogrammetric Surface Reconstruction from Imagery (SURE) software that is based on semi-global-matching algorithm and it is capable of providing a point density corresponding to the pixel size of the image. We have tested the geometric processing workflow over various targets, including test fields, agricultural fields, lakes and complex 3D structures like forests.
User-assisted Object Detection by Segment Based Similarity Measures in Mobile Laser Scanner Data
Authors: Oude Elberink S. , Kemboi B.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. This paper describes a method that aims to find all instances of a certain object in Mobile Laser Scanner (MLS) data. In a userassisted approach, a sample segment of an object is selected, and all similar objects are to be found. By selecting samples from multiple classes, a classification can be performed. Key assumption in this approach is that a one-to-one relationship exists between segments and objects. In this paper the focus is twofold: (1) to explain how to get proper segments, and (2) to describe how to find similar objects. Point attributes that help separating neighbouring objects are presented. These point attributes are used in an attributed connected component algorithm where segments are grown, based on proximity and attribute values. Per component, a feature vector is proposed that consists of two parts. The first is a height histogram, containing information on the height distribution of points within a component. The second contains size and shape information, based on the components’ bounding box. A simple correlation function is used to find similarities between samples, as selected by a user, and other components. Our approach is tested on a MLS dataset, containing over 300 objects in 13 classes. Detection accuracies heavily depend on the success of the segmentation, and the number of selected samples in combination with the variety of object types in the scene.
Structure-from-motion for MAV image sequence analysis with photogrammetric applications
Authors: Schönberger J. L. , Fraundorfer F. , Frahm J.-M.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. MAV systems have found increased attention in the photogrammetric community as an (autonomous) image acquisition platform for accurate 3D reconstruction. For an accurate reconstruction in feasible time, the acquired imagery requires specialized SfM software. Current systems typically use high-resolution sensors in pre-planned flight missions from far distance. We describe and evaluate a new SfM pipeline specifically designed for sequential, close-distance, and low-resolution imagery from mobile cameras with relatively high frame-rate and high overlap. Experiments demonstrate reduced computational complexity by leveraging the temporal consistency, comparable accuracy and point density with respect to state-of-the-art systems.
Scan line optimization for Tri stereo planetary images
Authors: Bhalerao R. H. , Gedam S. S. , Joglekar J.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. In this paper, we propose a new scan line optimization method for matching the triplet of images. In the present paper, the triplets are initially matched using an area based local method. The cost is stored in a structure called as the Disparity Space Image (DSI). Using the global minimum of this cost the initial disparity is generated. Next the local minima are considered as potential matches where global minimum gives erroneous results. These local minima are used for optimization of disparity. As the method is a scanned line optimization, it use popularly resampled images. The experiment is performed using Terrain Mapping Camera images from the Chandrayaan-1 mission. In order to validate the result for accuracy, Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter dataset from Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission is used. The method is again verified using standard Middlebury stereo dataset with ground truth. From experiments, it has been observed that using optimization technique for triplets, the total number of correct matches has increased by 5–10 % in comparison to direct methods. The method particularly gives good results at smooth regions, where dynamic programming and blockmatching gives limited accuracy.
Benchmarking High Density Image Matching for Oblique Airborne Imagery
Authors: Cavegn S. , Haala N. , Nebiker S. , Rothermel M. , Tutzauer P.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Both, improvements in camera technology and new pixel-wise matching approaches triggered the further development of software tools for image based 3D reconstruction. Meanwhile research groups as well as commercial vendors provide photogrammetric software to generate dense, reliable and accurate 3D point clouds and Digital Surface Models (DSM) from highly overlapping aerial images. In order to evaluate the potential of these algorithms in view of the ongoing software developments, a suitable test bed is provided by the ISPRS/EuroSDR initiative Benchmark on High Density Image Matching for DSM Computation. This paper discusses the proposed test scenario to investigate the potential of dense matching approaches for 3D data capture from oblique airborne imagery. For this purpose, an oblique aerial image block captured at a GSD of 6 cm in the west of Zürich by a Leica RCD30 Oblique Penta camera is used. Within this paper, the potential test scenario is demonstrated using matching results from two software packages, Agisoft PhotoScan and SURE from University of Stuttgart. As oblique images are frequently used for data capture at building facades, 3D point clouds are mainly investigated at such areas. Reference data from terrestrial laser scanning is used to evaluate data quality from dense image matching for several facade patches with respect to accuracy, density and reliability.
Learning image descriptors for matching based on Haar features
Authors: Chen L. , Rottensteiner F. , Heipke C.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. This paper presents a new and fast binary descriptor for image matching learned from Haar features. The training uses AdaBoost; the weak learner is built on response function for Haar features, instead of histogram-type features. The weak classifier is selected from a large weak feature pool. The selected features have different feature type, scale and position within the patch, having correspond threshold value for weak classifiers. Besides, to cope with the fact in real matching that dissimilar matches are encountered much more often than similar matches, cascaded classifiers are trained to motivate training algorithms see a large number of dissimilar patch pairs. The final trained output are binary value vectors, namely descriptors, with corresponding weight and perceptron threshold for a strong classifier in every stage. We present preliminary results which serve as a proof-of-concept of the work.
Weighing the ocean with bottom-pressure sensors: robustness of the ocean mass annual cycle estimate
Authors: Williams Joanne , Hughes C. W. , Tamisiea M. E. , Williams S. D. P.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. We use ocean bottom-pressure measurements from 17 tropical sites to determine the annual cycle of ocean mass. We show that such a calculation is robust, and use three methods to estimate errors in the mass determination. Our final best estimate, using data from the best sites and two ocean models, is that the annual cycle has an amplitude of 0.85 mbar (equivalent to 8.4 mm of sea level, or 3100 Gt of water), with a 95% chance of lying within the range 0.61–1.17 mbar. The time of the peak in ocean mass is 10 October, with 95% chance of occurring between 21 September and 25 October. The simultaneous fitting of annual ocean mass also improves the fitting of bottom-pressure instrument drift.
Recent accumulation rates of an alpine glacier derived from firn cores and repeated helicopter-borne GPR
Authors: Sold L. , Huss M. , Eichler A. , Schwikowski M. , Hoelzle M.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. The spatial representation of accumulation measurements is a major limitation for current glacier mass balance monitoring approaches. Here, we present a new method for estimating annual accumulation rates on a temperate alpine glacier based on the interpretation of internal reflection horizons (IRH) in helicopter-borne ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data. For each individual GPR measurement, the signal traveltime is combined with a simple model for firn densification and refreezing of meltwater. The model is calibrated at locations where GPR profiles intersect in two subsequent years and the densification can be tracked over time. Two 10.5 m long firn cores provide a reference for the density and chronology of firn layers. Thereby, IRH correspond to density maxima, but not exclusively to former summer glacier surfaces. From GPR profiles across the accumulation area, we obtain spatial distributions of water equivalent for at least four annual firn layers, reaching a mean density of 0.74 g cm−3. Refreezing accounts for 9% of the density increase over time and depth. The strongest limitation to our method is the dependence on layer chronology assumptions. The uncertainties inherent to the modelling approach itself are in the same order of conventional point measurements in snow pits. We show that GPR can be used to complement existing mass balance monitoring programs on temperate alpine glaciers, but also to retrospectively extend newly initiated time series.
Wegerif's 21st century advance on dialogic space
Authors: White E. Jayne
Published: August 2014

Book review for Dialogic Pedagogy Journal: Wegerif, R. (2013). Dialogic: Education for the Internet age, London Routledge
Define Repair.
Authors: Cooney Julian Day
Published: August 2014

(none)
"Live and Let Live": The Destabilization of Heteronormativity in Moises Kaufmann's "The Laramie Project"
Authors: Bollas Angelos
Published: August 2014

(none)
Introduction
Authors: Fifth Forbes
Published: August 2014

(none)
Rice-blood
Authors: Arthur Nicole
Published: August 2014

(none)
EFEITO DE IDADE E SÍTIO NO AJUSTE DE FUNÇÕES PROBABILÍSTICAS PARA ALTURA DE Mimosa scabrella
Authors: Souza Ronan Felipe , Nascimento Rodrigo Geroni Mendes , Pellico Netto Sylvio , Machado Sebastião Amaral
Published: August 2014

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do sítio e da idade na distribuição de alturas de bracatingais nativos da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba, bem como selecionar uma Função Densidade de Probabilidade (FDP), dentre seis, que melhor represente o histograma da variável altura desses povoamentos. Foram utilizados dados de altura provenientes de 88 parcelas de área variável de 100 a 400 m², em três classes de sítio, nas idades de 5, 8, 9 e 13 anos, nos quais se efetuaram o ajuste das funções probabilísticas. O ajuste dos modelos foi realizado com auxílio do aplicativo Solver do Microsoft Excel 2007, pelo método dos mínimos quadrados. As FDPs testadas foram Beta, Gamma, Log Normal, Normal, Sb de Jonhson e Weibull, sendo selecionada a de melhor ajuste pelo teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Índice de Schlaegel e Erro Padrão da Estimativa Percentual. O sítio e a idade afetam a amplitude, a forma e a dinâmica da distribuição de alturas, sendo o sítio a variável relacionada à curtose e a idade à assimetria da distribuição. A FDP que melhor descreveu a distribuição de alturas dos bracatingais foi a função Beta, seguida pela Sb de Johnson e Normal.Palavras-chave: Bracatinga; distribuição hipsométrica; mínimos quadrados. AbstractEffect of age and site on the height distribution of Mimosa scabrella. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of site and age on the height distribution in native stands of “bracatinga” (Mimosa scabrella Benth) on the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, PR, Brazil, as well as to select a Probability Density Function (pdf), between six, that represents the histogram of the variable height of these stands. It was used height data from 88 plots with variable area from 100 to 400 m², classified into three site classes. The ages 5, 8, 9 and 13 years were selected for fitting probability density functions by each site. The adjustment of the models was performed using the Solver application of Microsoft Excel 2007, by the least squares method. The pdfs tested were Beta, Gamma, Log Normal, Normal, Weibull and Sb Johnson, being selected the best by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Schlaegel Index and Percentage Standard Error of Estimate. The site and age affect the amplitude, shape and dynamics of the height distribution, with the site related to the kutosis and age to skewness of the distribution. The pdf that best described height distribution of the native stands of “bracatinga” was Beta function, followed by Sb Johnson and Normal.Keywords: Bracatinga; hypsometric distribution; least squares.
POTENCIALIDADE DO USO DE CRUZETAS DE MADEIRA TRATADA NO BRASIL
Authors: Borges Cilene Cristina , Moreschi João Carlos
Published: August 2014

ResumoNeste trabalho, são apresentados dados relativos à potencialidade do uso da madeira de Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus cloeziana e Eucalyptus dunnii como cruzetas de madeira para redes de distribuição de energia elétrica. Os resultados apresentam o rendimento do processo produtivo para cada espécie, com análise dos ensaios mecânicos de flexão, estudo de penetração em tratamento com o preservativo arseniato de cobre cromatado (CCA) e discussão relativa a considerações econômicas e funcionais do material madeira. A espécie Corymbia citriodora apresentou o melhor rendimento, de 75%, seguido pelo Eucalyptus cloeziana, com 42%. A espécie Eucalyptus dunnii foi desclassificada, por apresentar um rendimento de apenas 7%. Os ensaios mecânicos demonstraram que tanto a espécie Corymbia citriodora quanto a Eucalyptus cloeziana atendem aos requisitos de resistência da norma técnica NBR 8458. No tratamento preservativo das cruzetas, observou-se penetração total de CCA no alburno da espécie Corymbia citriodora, o que, em conjunto com o cerne naturalmente resistente e o rendimento produtivo, classifica essa espécie como a mais indicada entre as estudadas. Com base nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que o uso de cruzetas de madeira é viável no Brasil, além de menos impactante ao meio ambiente, por se tratar de um recurso natural renovável.Palavras-chave: Madeira tratada; cruzetas; resistência à flexão. AbstractPotenciality of treated wood crossarms use in Brazil. This paper presents data about the potential use of wood from Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus cloeziana and Eucalyptus dunnii species as crossarm used on utility poles. Results presents the productive process efficiency of each specie, with mechanical properties analysis, a study of Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) preservative penetration in the wood and economic and functional considerations about wood as material. The Corymbia citriodora presented the highest performance, with a yield of 75%, followed by Eucalyptus cloeziana, with 42%. The specie Eucalyptus dunnii was disqualified due to a very low yield, of only 7%.The bending strength test revealed that Corymbia citriodora and Eucalyptus cloeziana attended the resistance requirements of the Brazilian Standard NBR 8458/1984. There was total penetration of CCA in the sapwood of the specie Corymbia citriodora which, with its heartwood natural resistance and production efficiency, classifies this species as the best among the ones studied. Based on the results, it is possible to conclude that the use of wood as material to crossarms in Brazil is viable, and less harmful to the environment, since it is a natural and renewable resource. Keywords: Treated wood; crossarms; bending strength.
ADEQUAÇÃO DO LAYOUT DE UMA FÁBRICA DE FERRAMENTAS FLORESTAIS BASEADO EM PARÂMETROS ERGONÔMICOS
Authors: Guimarães Pompeu Paes , Fiedler Nilton César , Carmo Flavio Cipriano de Assis , Oliveira José Tarcísio da Silva , Minette Luciano José , Maziero Rômulo , Prado Leidimari Neves do
Published: August 2014

Esta pesquisa avaliou os postos de trabalho em uma fábrica de produção de ferramentas florestais visando otimizar as condições ergonômicas e o layout do processo de produção baseado nos parâmetros ergonômicos e de produtividade. Para analisar o conforto térmico, foi utilizado o índice de bulbo úmido termômetro de globo (IBUTG); para medir a velocidade do vento, anemômetro; luxímetro para avaliar a quantidade de luz do galpão de produção; e decibelímetro, para coletar o ruído a que os trabalhadores estavam expostos. O posicionamento de todas as máquinas foi mensurado junto com o caminhamento no processo de produção, sendo realizado estudo de tempos, movimentos e de produtividade. De acordo com os resultados, a área das forjadoras 1 e 2 apresentou valores de IBUTG acima do limite permitido de 25 °C. A velocidade do vento em todas as atividades foi menor que 0,75 m/s e apenas a região do orvado, área de corte 1 e soldagem apresentaram níveis de iluminância acima do mínimo permitido (NR-15). Todas as atividades extrapolaram os níveis de ruído toleráveis para a atividade, exceto o envernizamento. Pela análise do layout, propõe-se uma nova disposição física, para reduzir os tempos improdutivos, melhorar as condições ergonômicas e facilitar a sequência de produção e escoamento dos produtos.Palavras-chave: Ergonomia; arranjo físico; produção de ferramentas. AbstractLayout adequacy of a forestry tool factory for ergonomic parameters. This research evaluated the work in a forestry tools factory in order to optimize ergonomic condition and layout of production process based on ergonomic parameters and productivity. Different methods had been used to analyze the factory environment as the Wet Bulb Globe Thermometer Index (WBGT), to analyze thermal comfort, the anemometer, to measure the wind speed, the lux meter, to assess the amount of light inside the production building, and decibel meter, to collect the workers exposure to noise. The placement of all the machines was measured along the development pathway of the production process, and studies of time, movements and productivity had been developed. According to the results, the area of forger 1 and 2 had values above the allowable WBGT limit of 25 °C. The wind speed in all activities was less than 0.75 m/s and only the region of orvado, welding and cutting area 1 presented illumination levels over the minimum allowed (NR-15). Noise levels extrapolated in all the activities but varnishing. As result, it proposes a new physical layout in order to reduce unproductive times, improve the ergonomic conditions, and facilitate production sequence as well as materials flow.Keywords: Ergonomics; physical arrangement; tool production.
ZONEAMENTO CLIMÁTICO PARA TECA, CEDRO AUSTRALIANO, NIM INDIANO E PUPUNHA NO ESTADO DO ESPÍRITO SANTO
Authors: Klippel Valéria Hollunder , Pezzopane José Eduardo Macedo , Pezzopane José Ricardo Macedo , Cecílio Roberto Avelino , Castro Fábio da Silveira , Pimenta Luciano Roncete
Published: August 2014

Objetivou-se com este estudo realizar um zoneamento climático para as espécies Tectona grandis, Toona ciliata, Bactris gasipaes e Azadirachta indica, no estado do Espírito Santo. Utilizaram-se dados meteorológicos do período de 1977 a 2006, provenientes de 80 postos pluviométricos da ANA localizados dentro do estado e em 16 postos circunvizinhos, de 11 estações meteorológicas pertencentes ao INCAPER e de 3 do INMET. Os elementos climáticos usados foram a temperatura do ar e a deficiência hídrica anual para a capacidade de água disponível de 300 mm. Fazendo-se uso de um sistema de informação geográfica, classificou-se o estado em zonas de aptidão climática. A espécie Azadirachta indica pode ser implantada em 54,7% da área total, e esse valor elevado foi devido à baixa restrição em relação às exigências climáticas, quando comparado às outras espécies. Todavia, a Bactris gasipaes é a espécie que apresenta a menor porção de área apta para a sua implantação (4,2%), devido às suas restrições hídricas e térmicas, que não condizem com as condições do estado. Tectona grandis e Toona ciliata apresentaram aptidão climática, respectivamente, em 33,3% e 27% da área total.Palavra-chave:    Espécies florestais; balanço hídrico; sistema de informação geográfica; aptidão climática. AbstractClimatic zoning for teca, australian cedar, neem and pupunha in state of Espirito Santo. This research aims to make a climatic zoning for the species: Tectona grandis, Toona ciliata, Bactris gasipaes and Azadirachta indica, in State of Espirito Santo. It was used meteorological data from 1977 to 2006, considering eighty rainfall posts of the ANA, located within the state and sixteen posts in surrounding states. Eleven weather stations belonged to INCAPER and three other stations to INMET. The climate elements used were air temperature and annual water deficiency, calculated for a soil water storage capacity of 300 mm. It used geographical information system, ranking the State in areas of climatic suitability. As result, it indicates that the Azadirachta indica can be implanted in 54.7% of the total area of the State, this high value is due to its low restriction in relation to climatic requirements compared to other species. However, Bactris gasipaes is the species that has the lowest amount of area suitable for its implementation (4.2%), due to its thermal and water restrictions not suitable to the State conditions. Tectona grandis and Toona ciliata revealed climatic suitability, respectively, in 33.3% and 27% of the total area of the State.Keywords: Forest species; water balance; geographic information system; zoning; climate aptitude.
DEVELOPMENT OF A FIRE DANGER INDEX FOR EUCALYPT PLANTATIONS IN THE NORTHERN COAST OF BAHIA, BRAZIL
Authors: White Benjamin Leonardo Alves , White Larissa Alves Secundo , Ribeiro Genésio Tâmara , Fernandes Paulo Alexandre Martins
Published: August 2014

Economic losses caused by fires in commercial plantations of eucalypt forest has led to the development of new fire-fighting systems and methodologies. This study aimed to develop a fire danger index for eucalypt plantations in the Copener Forestal Ltda. areas located in the north coast of Bahia, Brazil, in order to improve fire control efforts. For this purpose, eight years of meteorological data were collected and correlated to forest fire occurrence through multivariate logistic regression. The proposed model (White Model) presented a better statistical performance than other models generally used in Brazil, recommended for operational use in focused area.Keywords: Fire danger rating; fire prevention; fire suppression; fire safety. ResumoDesenvolvimento de um índice de perigo de ocorrência de incêndios florestais para plantações de eucalipto no litoral norte da Bahia, Brasil. Em função das perdas econômicas causadas pelo fogo em plantações comerciais de eucalipto, novas metodologias e sistemas de prevenção e combate ao fogo têm sido criados. Este estudo buscou desenvolver um índice de perigo de ocorrência de incêndio florestal em plantações de eucalipto da empresa Copener Florestal Ltda., localizada no litoral norte da Bahia, Brasil, a fim de aprimorar os sistemas de prevenção e combate ao fogo. Para tal, oito anos de dados meteorológicos foram coletados e correlacionados com a ocorrência de incêndios florestais através da regressão logística multivariada. O modelo proposto neste trabalho (Modelo White) obteve um melhor desempenho estatístico que outros modelos comumente utilizados no Brasil e, portanto, é recomendado para utilização operacional na área de estudo.Palavras-chave: Índice de perigo; prevenção e combate ao fogo; segurança florestal.
Complications of Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin
Authors: Macleod Liam C , Ngo Tin C , Gonzalgo Mark L
Published: August 2014

Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an important treatment for the management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer because of its proven efficacy and favourable safety profile. The most common complications associated with BCG treatment are relatively minor. They include urinary frequency, cystitis, fever, and hematuria. Although serious complications are rare, patients can develop severe, life-threatening sepsis with disseminated mycobacterial infection. We report a rare case of periurethral diverticulum formation after intravesical BCG and review the literature on the potential complications of this treatment modality.