bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wavelength Agile External Cavity Diode Laser for Trace Gas Detection
Authors: Pilgrim Jeffrey S.
Published: October 2014

We have developed an external cavity diode laser that is wavelength modulated with injection current. The laser has broad spectral coverage and is inexpensive. We have obtained a minimum detectable absorbance of 5E-05.
Evanescent-field laser sensor for in-situ monitoring of volcano gas emissions
Authors: Willer Ulrike , Kostjucenko Irina , Bohling Christian , Zentgraf Thomas , Scheel Dirk , Schade Wolfgang
Published: October 2014

A DFB laser diode (1.57 µm) is guided through a pure core fused silica fiber. Tuning the laser frequency across molecular resonances will change the frustrated (FTR) and the attenuated total reflection (ATR). Such an evanescent-field laser sensor is used for in-situ monitoring of H2S in volcano gases at the site “Solfatara”(Italy).
Corrections for quantitative NO concentration measurements using time-resolved picosecond laser-induced fluorescence
Authors: Driscoll J. Joshua , Sick Volker , Farrow Roger L. , Schrader Paul E.
Published: October 2014

The corrections necessary to obtain nitric oxide mole fractions from picosecond laser-induced fluorescence signals are outlined.
Spatial-domain cavity ringdown: a potential toward broadband cavity ringdown spectroscopy
Authors: Lee Jae Yong , Yoo Yong Shim , Hahn Jae Won
Published: October 2014

We propose and demonstrate the idea of spatial-domain cavity ringdown (CRD) technique. The feasibility of the new concept toward broadband CRD implementation is supported by a firm theoretical background and a preliminary experiment.
Real-time ground level atmospheric nitric oxide measured by calibrated TDLAS system
Authors: Mock Adam , Roller Chad , Jeffers Jim , Namjou Khosrow , McCann Patrick J. , Grego Joe
Published: October 2014

A calibrated TDLAS system was used to measure real-time ground level atmospheric NO levels near a busy suburban street. A sample atmospheric NO concentration trend diagram from midday is presented.
Detection of conformational changes in proteins with FRET
Authors: Plessow R. , Lotte K. , Brockhinke A.
Published: October 2014

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is detected using a combination of two techniques: picosecond time-resolved LIF and excitation-emission spectroscopy. This allows the quantitative determination of distances within and in between proteins.
UV Laser Induced Fluorescence portable system for the detection of plastic and organic compounds in water
Authors: Sivaprakasam Vasanthi , Killinger Dennis K.
Published: October 2014

A 266 nm Laser Induced Fluorescence system that is 1000 times more sensitive than existing in situ fluorescence sensors has been developed and tested for the detection of plastics and organics in water.
Ultra-sensitive ammonia detection for industrial applications using photoacoustic spectroscopy
Authors: Webber Michael E. , Pushkarsky Michael B. , Baghdassarian Ohan , Narasimhan L. Ravi , Kumar C. , Patel N.
Published: October 2014

An industrial trace-ammonia sensor based on photoacoustic spectroscopy and CO2 lasers has been developed with a minimum detectivity in the parts-per-billion range. This sensor is capable of making simultaneous measurements of up to twenty gas samples with an optically multiplexed arrangement of optoacoustic cells.
Rubust external cavity diode laser (ECDL) with implemented antireflection coated "blue" laserdiodes and their performance in atom absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Hildebrandt Lars , Sacher Joachim , Knispel Richard
Published: October 2014

For the first time we present antireflection coated "blue" laserdiodes and their performance in Littrow and Littman ECDL. The relevance of the achieved progress in ECDL technology for construction of ECDL-based sensor systems for in-situ analysis is discussed.
In situ Measurement of CO, H2O and Gas Temperature in a Lignite-Fired Power-Plant
Authors: Teichert H. , Fernholz T. , Ebert V.
Published: October 2014

A diode laser based in situ absorption spectrometer is presented for the simultaneous detection of CO (1560nm), water (813nm) and the gas temperature within the combustion chamber of a 600MW lignite-fired power-plant. A fractional absorption resolution better than 10−3 equivalent to a few hundred ppmVCO could be demonstrated with a 30 sec time response.
Nanoscaled Particle Size Distributions and Gas Temperatures from Time-resolved LII Measurements
Authors: Lehre T. , Jungfleisch B. , Suntz R. , Bockhorn H.
Published: October 2014

LII signals are measured in sooting premixed atmospheric and low-pressure flames. Soot particle size distribution P(r) and gas temperature T are measured independently. LII model parameters are validated. P(r) and T are estimated using non-linear regression.
A mid infrared, high power, cw, continuous tunable PPLN OPO for trace gas detection within life science
Authors: van Herpen M. , te Lintel Hekkert S. , Bisson S.E. , Harren F.J.M.
Published: October 2014

A 2 W continuous wave optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled lithium niobate and tunable over 3.0-3.8 m wavelength region is used in combination with photoacoustic spectroscopy to trace small hydrocarbons for applications in medicine and biology.
Longitudinal studies of nitric oxide and carbon dioxide in human breath with a single IV-VI mid-IR laser
Authors: Roller Chad , Namjou Khosrow , Jeffers Jim , Mock Adom , McCann Patrick J. , Grego Joe
Published: October 2014

NO and CO2 were measured simultaneously in exhaled breath from seven subjects 10 times over a period of 12 days. Exhaled CO2 was used to estimate NO values as laser characteristics fluctuate over time.
Measurement of 13CO2/12CO2 ratio using tunable diode laser based Raman spectroscopy and an atomic vapor filter
Authors: Navarro Claudia , Varghese Philip L. , Fink Manfred
Published: October 2014

We describe a novel scheme for detecting the isotopic ratio (13C/12C) in gaseous carbon dioxide. Raman scattering is excited with a tunable near-infrared diode laser and isotopic discrimination is obtained with an atomic vapor filter.
Tunable Silver and Gold Substrates for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Gupta R. , Weimer W.A.
Published: October 2014

Use of specific combinations of thermal evaporation parameters allows the deposition of surface plasmon resonance tunable silver and gold island films on glass substrates. The utility of these films for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy is demonstrated.
All-telecom diode laser based mid-IR source for spectroscopic detection of HF, H2O and HDO
Authors: Richter Dirk , Fried Alan , Tyndall Geoffrey S. , Oteiza Eduardo , Erdelyi Miklos , Tittel Frank K.
Published: October 2014

A novel difference-frequency mixing architecture for coherent generation of tunable mid-infrared light is reported. Two CW single-frequency diode laser pump sources operating at 1.56 and 0.98 µm were mixed in a periodically poled LiNbO3 crystal and generated 0.25 mW of tunable mid-infrared light at 2.64 µm. The performance of this new source was demonstrated by the spectroscopic detection of HF and water isotopes H216,17,18 O and HD16O at various reduced pressures. Using direct absorption spectroscopy, a peak-to-peak noise equivalent absorbance of ~1E-4 was observed (0.6 s integration time), corresponding to a HF detection sensitivity of 12 ppb
.
m at a sampling pressure of 50 Torr.
Ali al-Wardi’s understanding of democracy and its possibilities in Iraq
Authors: Ameen al-Najjar Sherzad Ahmed
Published: October 2014

This article is a study of Ali al-Wardi’s understanding of democracy in general and its feasibility in Iraq. It also attempts to clarify al-Wardi’s position on the problems and obstacles that democracy faces in a society characterized by violence vis-à-vis a state that is weakened due to the dominance of the Bedouin nature of society. The article also aims to study the problems surrounding the application of democracy, according to al-Wardi, in a community which lacks the tradition and understanding of the basic values of a liberal-democratic state. Al-Wardi focused on the question of whether the political changes which occurred in Iraq during the monarchical era (1921–1958) or in the republican era (from 1958) impacted the sociological nature of Iraqi society. Can democracy be applied without democrats? Is it possible to establish a functioning democracy in a society that hates the state? There is no doubt that al-Wardi played an important role in analysing and understanding the reality of Iraqi society and how it had yet to incorporate the values and processes of democracy in its own culture.
Ali al-Wardi: An incomplete reading on the nature of Iraq’s modern society
Authors: Al-Jamil Sayyar
Published: October 2014

This article is a critical assessment of Ali al-Wardi’s thoughts informed by the author’s conversations with al-Wardi some twenty years ago. It is an attempt to revisit al-Wardi’s work on the study of the Iraqi personality and society so as to build on his early seminal theses, complementing his courage and personal commitments. In homage to al-Wardi’s legacy, the author feels that a critical evaluation is essential to keeping the work that builds on this legacy vigorous and relevant. The author concludes by saying that ‘most of the groundbreaking ideas which were influential to contemporary Arab political thought were from his very early academic output’. However, the challenges of today’s Iraq are not far removed from those of al-Wardi’s time.
Deception and Britain’s road to war in Iraq
Authors: Herring Eric , Robinson Piers
Published: October 2014

Ever since the 2003 invasion of Iraq, there has been a widely shared public perception in the United Kingdom and beyond that the British government lied in making the case for war. One major theme has been the view that the Blair government lied about the strength of the intelligence about alleged Iraqi weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and the extent of the WMD capabilities claimed by that intelligence. A second theme that has received less attention has been the view that the Blair government lied in claiming that its actions at the United Nations (UN) were aimed at securing peaceful Iraqi compliance with its disarmament obligations. Instead, most think that the United Kingdom was actually committed to a policy of regime change by force and did not want the ‘UN route’ to produce a peaceful outcome. The article argues that the conceptual focus of the discussion needs to be broadened from lying to also considering deception by omission and deception by distortion as part of a campaign of organized political persuasion. It argues that, on the WMD intelligence, it is now apparent that a campaign of deceptive organized political persuasion was conducted by UK officials. With respect to the UN route, there is mounting evidence that the Blair government ran a campaign of deception on this issue as well in order to pave Britain’s road to war in Iraq.
Kieślowski and Kafka at the office: Realism and/as modernism
Authors: Coates Paul
Published: October 2014

This article considers the multi-levelled contrast in Urzᶏd between the worlds of petitioners and clerks; its multiplication of individual forms to simultaneously absurd, metaphysical and political effect; and its links to the ‘Cinema of Moral Anxiety’, A Short Film About Love (1988) and the Kafkaesque in Kieślowski’s work in general.
The restraints and opportunities of film school productions: Urzᶏd in context
Authors: Sørenssen Bjørn
Published: October 2014

Viewing Urzᶏd as a film school production, this article focuses on Kieslowski’s ingenious use of meagre resources to create a critical view of Polish bureaucracy, despite his inability to shoot synchronous sound when making this film.
»Was kommt vor der Versöhnung?«
Authors: Subklew Marie Anne
Published: October 2014

Despite considerable efforts and legal regulations after the end of the SED dictatorship to cope with its systemic injustice, many of the political victims suffer still today from long-term consequences of imprisonment, repression, truncated biographies and destroyed liveabilities. Often these forms of suffering cannot be addressed or cured by means of legal categories. Rather a sensitive treatment of these victims and their relatives as well as public perception and respect are necessary. This task remains yet unfinished in the process of dealing with the SED dictatorship.
Versöhnung – biblische Erinnerungen und Intuitionen
Authors: Ebach Jürgen
Published: October 2014

This contribution maps out biblical traces of reconciliation within the spectrum of love and justice. Surprisingly, especially motifs that appear to be opposed to an attitude and practice of reconciliation bear a helping hand. This applies to »an eye for an eye« as practice of dealing with the consequences of guilt as well as to the concept of God’s revenge as a possibility of refraining from one’s own retribution without giving up the general idea of justice. This basic tension underlies both the stories of reconciliation - which are surprisingly rare in the Bible - and a ritual of reconciliation. Moreover, this contribution addresses the difference between reconciliation and forgiveness and finally discusses the impetus that biblical reminiscences can give for present action of reconciliation, even if offender and victim are not connected by a common relation to Bible and faith.
Diagnose: Versöhnung, unvollendet
Authors: Engert Stefan
Published: October 2014

How did the united Germany address the human rights violations of the communist dictatorship in Eastern Germany? This question is particularly intriguing as the process of accounting for the past was interrupted and postponed by the reunification with West-Germany. In spite of having made use of tribunals, lustrations, truth-commissions and reparations, two important reconciliation tools - political apologies and amnesties - have not been used during that time. As a consequence, the reconciliation of the former perpetrators and victims has remained incomplete.
Medienethik und die Rolle der Christlichen Publizistik in der heutigen Medienlandschaft
Authors: Haberer Johanna
Published: October 2014

Media Ethics first became established as a subsidiary subject in the arts faculties of German universities as a by-product of the Age of Digitalisation and the individualisation of active media use. Since their experience with Nazi propaganda, the Churches in Germany have adopted a watchdog role in society, as a »social guardian«. This role includes media communication, whereby media are understood as instruments of freedom. Thus, the Churches in Germany have been a driving force in encouraging ethical reflection of media from a Christian perspective. Christian, in particular Reformatory Church media history has generated the following key terms in conjunction with the reflection of media communication: attentiveness, diversity, empowerment, participation, service to the democratic public, representation, and freedom.
Analytical Approach for the Space-time Nonlinear Partial Differential Fractional Equation
Authors: Bekir Ahmet , Güner Özkan
Published: October 2014

In this paper, the fractional derivatives in the sense of modified Riemann–Liouville derivative and the functional variable method, exp-function method and -expansion method are used to construct exact solutions for some nonlinear partial fractional differential equations via the nonlinear space-time fractional (2 + 1)-dimensional breaking soliton equations. These methods are also applied to derive a variety of travelling wave solutions with distinct physical structures for this nonlinear fractional equation. As a result, some new exact solutions for them are obtained. The three methods demonstrate power, reliability and efficiency.
Large-Scale Brain Network Dynamics Supporting Adolescent Cognitive Control
Authors: Dwyer Dominic B. , Harrison Ben J. , Yücel Murat , Whittle Sarah , Zalesky Andrew , Pantelis Christos , Allen Nicholas B. , Fornito Alex
Published: October 2014

Adolescence is a time when the ability to engage cognitive control is linked to crucial life outcomes. Despite a historical focus on prefrontal cortex functioning, recent evidence suggests that differences between individuals may relate to interactions between distributed brain regions that collectively form a cognitive control network (CCN). Other research points to a spatially distinct and functionally antagonistic system—the default-mode network (DMN)—which typically deactivates during performance of control tasks. This literature implies that individual differences in cognitive control are determined either by activation or functional connectivity of CCN regions, deactivation or functional connectivity of DMN regions, or some combination of both. We tested between these possibilities using a multilevel fMRI characterization of CCN and DMN dynamics, measured during performance of a cognitive control task and during a task-free resting state, in 73 human adolescents. Better cognitive control performance was associated with (1) reduced activation of CCN regions, but not deactivation of the DMN; (2) variations in task-related, but not resting-state, functional connectivity within a distributed network involving both the CCN and DMN; (3) functional segregation of core elements of these two systems; and (4) task-dependent functional integration of a set of peripheral nodes into either one network or the other in response to prevailing stimulus conditions. These results indicate that individual differences in adolescent cognitive control are not solely attributable to the functioning of any single region or network, but are instead dependent on a dynamic and context-dependent interplay between the CCN and DMN.
The Modes of China’s Influence
Authors: Goh Evelyn
Published: October 2014

Distinguishing between power as resources and influence as converting those resources into outcomes, I propose a new framework for analyzing China’s influence, using examples from Southeast Asia. Because China exercises influence predominantly in contexts of convergent, not divergent, preferences, three key modes of influence are “preference multiplying,” “persuasion,” and “ability to prevail.”
Identifying Appropriate Sanctions for Youth Sexual Behavior
Authors: Comartin Erin B. , Kernsmith Poco D. , Kernsmith Roger M.
Published: October 2014

Although statutory rape laws were initially developed to protect youth from coercion by adults, youth are sometimes also prosecuted under these laws. This article investigates public attitudes regarding sanctions for youth engaging in sexual behaviors with peers. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to determine if age and gender of the offending youth, and sexual orientation of the relationship, has an impact on the public’s level of agreement for sanctioning youth for three types of sexual behavior: intercourse, oral sex, or touching. The study participants (N = 757) were drawn from the general population of adult Michigan residents; the sample was racially representative of the state but included an overrepresentation of women (66%). The findings show that respondent support for sanctions varied by the age difference between the youth. There was also an increase in level of sanction agreement by type of sexual behavior. Gender of the offending youth was not shown to significantly impact sanction agreement. Sexual orientation of the relationship was only significant for certain types of sexual activity. The public’s beliefs about youth sexual behavior is in concert with the intended goals of the juvenile justice system, in that the suggested sanctions are focused on rehabilitation for 15-year-olds. However, the public is more supportive of severe sanctions for 18- and 22-year-olds, but also suggest counseling and probation. The significance of these findings informs policymaking in that they suggest a more balanced approach for sanctioning consensual sexual relationships between youths.
PROGRESS IN PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM: Mineralocorticoid antagonist treatment for aldosterone-producing adenoma
Authors: Amar Laurence , Lorthioir Aurélien , Azizi Michel , Plouin Pierre-Francois
Published: October 2014

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists have been used in patients with aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) as a test designed to predict the blood pressure (BP) outcome of surgery. They are commonly used in patients undergoing adrenalectomy to reduce BP and increase plasma potassium levels during the preoperative period. A small number of studies have compared the effects of surgery and mineralocorticoid antagonists either on BP, on serum potassium levels, or on the incidence of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with primary aldosteronism with or without an APA; these studies found no difference between the two therapeutic options. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists can be used as a maintenance treatment for patients with APAs, who are judged to be poor operative risks or who do not want to undergo surgery.
Seasonal effects of GnIH on basal and GnRH-induced goldfish somatotrope functions
Authors: Moussavi M , Wlasichuk M , Chang J P , Habibi H R
Published: October 2014

To understand how gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) regulates goldfish GH cell functions, we monitored GH release and expression during early, mid-, and/or late gonadal recrudescence. In vivo and in vitro responses to goldfish (g) GnIH were different, indicating direct action at the level of pituitary, as well as interactions with other neuroendocrine factors involved in GH regulation. Injection of gGnIH consistently reduced basal serum GH levels but elevated pituitary gh mRNA levels, indicating potential dissociation of GH release and synthesis. Goldfish GnRH (sGnRH and cGnRHII) injection differentially stimulated serum GH and pituitary gh mRNA levels with some seasonal differences; these responses were reduced by gGnIH. In contrast, in vitro application of gGnIH during 24-h static incubation of goldfish pituitary cells generally elevated basal GH release and attenuated sGnRH-induced changes in gh mRNA, while suppressing basal gh mRNA levels at mid- and late recrudescence but elevating them at early recrudescence. gGnIH attenuated the GH release responses to sGnRH during static incubation at early, but not at mid- and late recrudescence. In cell column perifusion experiments examining short-term GH release, gGnIH reduced the cGnRHII- and sGnRH-stimulated secretion at late recrudescence but inhibited tha action of cGnRHII only during mid-recrudescence. Interestingly, a reduction of basal GH release upon perifusion with gGnIH during late recrudescence was followed by a rebound increase in GH release upon gGnIH removal. These results indicate that gGnIH exerts complex effects on basal and GnRH-stimulated goldfish GH cell functions and can differentially affect GH release and mRNA expression in a seasonal reproductive manner.
Polyaniline/Graphene/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites as Counter Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Shih Yen-Chen , Lin Hsiao-Li , Lin King-Fu
Published: October 2014

To provide a counter electrode with lower-cost and simple production method for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), we developed polyaniline/graphene nanoplatelet/multi-walled carbon nanotube (PANi/GNP/MWCNT) composite films growing on glass substrates by using chemical/electrochemical deposition method and on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/glass substrates by using electrochemical deposition method respectively. A proper weight ratio of PANi/GNP/MWCNT (1/0.0030/0.0045) composite film depositing on FTO substrate as counter electrode with sheet resistance of 8.25±0.13 Ω/sq for DSSCs yielded power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 7.45±0.08%, which has potential to replace the conventional Pt cell (7.62±0.07%). In addition, we also fabricated the DSSCs composed of a proper weight ratio of PANi/GNP/MWCNTs (1/0.0045/0.0060) composite film depositing on glass substrate as counter electrode. The sheet resistance of resulting composite film was 59.34±12.34 Ω/sq. These solar cells with FTO-free counter electrode exhibited a PCE of 2.90±0.09%.
The hollow-face illusion monocularly observed in a box
Authors: Quaglia Maria Amélia Cesari , Bachetti Lívia da Silva , Alves Arthur
Published: October 2014

Under monocular conditions, 40 students observed the reverse of polychrome and monochrome masks and judged them to be concave, convex or flat. The mask was presented upright and illuminated from above, below, right and left and in the upside down position illuminated from below. The magnitude of the perceived depth or relief was estimated using a retractable tape measure. Regardless of color, lighting and orientation, the majority of responses indicated that the hollow masks were perceived to be convex. No significant differences were observed between the depth or convexity of the metric magnitudes and scalar magnitudes of the concave masks in relation to variations in the light source direction, color, and position. The illusory depth, seeing the concave mask as convex, is a robust phenomenon that suggests the predominant role of higher-order processes over the low-order processes in visual face perception.
Clinical and cytogenetic features of a Brazilian sample of patients with phenotype of oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Silva Alessandra Pawelec da , Rosa Rafael Fabiano Machado , Trevisan Patrícia , Dorneles Juliana Cavalheiro , Mesquita Camila Saporiti , Mattos Vinicius Freitas de , Paskulin Giorgio Adriano , Zen Paulo Ricardo Gazzola
Published: October 2014

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) is considered to be a defect of embryogenesis involving structures originating from the first branchial arches. Our objective was to describe the clinical and cytogenetic findings from a sample of patients with the phenotype of OAVS.DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in a referral hospital in southern Brazil.METHODS: The sample consisted of 23 patients who presented clinical findings in at least two of these four areas: orocraniofacial, ocular, auricular and vertebral. The patients underwent a clinical protocol and cytogenetic evaluation through high-resolution karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization for 5p and 22q11 microdeletions and investigation of chromosomal instability for Fanconi anemia.RESULTS: Cytogenetic abnormalities were observed in three cases (13%) and consisted of: 47,XX,+mar; mos 47,XX,+mar/46,XX; and 46,XX,t(6;10)(q13; q24). We observed cases of OAVS with histories of gestational exposition to fluoxetine, retinoic acid and crack. One of our patients was a discordant monozygotic twin who had shown asymmetrical growth restriction during pregnancy. Our patients with OAVS were characterized by a broad clinical spectrum and some presented atypical findings such as lower-limb reduction defect and a tumor in the right arm, suggestive of hemangioma/lymphangioma.CONCLUSIONS: We found a wide range of clinical characteristics among the patients with OAVS. Different chromosomal abnormalities and gestational expositions were also observed. Thus, our findings highlight the heterogeneity of the etiology of OAVS and the importance of these factors in the clinical and cytogenetic evaluation of these patients.
Microcephaly-chorioretinopathy syndrome, autosomal recessive form. A case report
Authors: Rosa Rafael Fabiano Machado , Enk Flávia , Camargo Korine , Travi Giovanni Marco , Freitas André , Rosa Rosana Cardoso Manique , Graziadio Carla , Mattos Vinicius Freitas de , Zen Paulo Ricardo Gazzola
Published: October 2014

CONTEXT: The autosomal recessive form of microcephaly-chorioretinopathy syndrome is a rare genetic condition that is considered to be an important differential diagnosis with congenital toxoplasmosis.CASE REPORT: Our patient was a seven-year-old white boy who was initially diagnosed with congenital toxoplasmosis. However, his serological tests for congenital infections, including toxoplasmosis, were negative. He was the first child of young, healthy and consanguineous parents (fourth-degree relatives). The parents had normal head circumferences and intelligence. The patient presented microcephaly and specific abnormalities of the retina, with multiple diffuse oval areas of pigmentation and patches of chorioretinal atrophy associated with diffuse pigmentation of the fundus. Ophthalmological evaluations on the parents were normal. A computed tomography scan of the child's head showed slight dilation of lateral ventricles and basal cisterns without evidence of calcifications. We did not find any lymphedema in his hands and feet. He had postnatal growth retardation, severe mental retardation and cerebral palsy.CONCLUSIONS: The finding of chorioretinal lesions in a child with microcephaly should raise suspicions of the autosomal recessive form of microcephaly-chorioretinopathy syndrome, especially in cases with an atypical pattern of eye fundus and consanguinity. A specific diagnosis is essential for an appropriate clinical evaluation and for genetic counseling for the patients and their families.
Study of parental models: building an instrument for their exploration
Authors: Licona José Francisco Martínez , Oviedo Aracely Díaz , Jasso Aileen Azucena Salazar , Rivera Marcela Duron
Published: October 2014

Objective: This research presents the construction of an attributional questionnaire concerning the different parental models and factors that are involved in family interactions. Method: A mixed methodology was used as a foundation to develop items and respective pilots that allowed checking the validity and internal consistency of the instrument using expert judgment. Results: An instrument of 36 statements was organized into 12 categories to explore the parental models according to the following factors: parental models, breeding patterns, attachment bonds and guidelines for success, and promoted inside family contexts. Analyzing these factors contributes to the children’s development within the familiar frown, and the opportunity for socio-educational intervention. Conclusion: It is assumed that the family context is as decisive as the school context; therefore, exploring the nature of parental models is required to understand the features and influences that contribute to the development of young people in any social context.
Nursing care mapping for patients at risk of falls in the Nursing Interventions Classification
Authors: Luzia Melissa de Freitas , Almeida Miriam de Abreu , Lucena Amália de Fátima
Published: October 2014

Objective: Identifying the prescribed nursing care for hospitalized patients at risk of falls and comparing them with the interventions of the Nursing Interventions Classifications (NIC). Method: A cross-sectional study carried out in a university hospital in southern Brazil. It was a retrospective data collection in the nursing records system. The sample consisted of 174 adult patients admitted to medical and surgical units with the Nursing Diagnosis of Risk for falls. The prescribed care were compared with the NIC interventions by the cross-mapping method. Results: The most prevalent care were the following: keeping the bed rails, guiding patients/family regarding the risks and prevention of falls, keeping the bell within reach of patients, and maintaining patients’ belongings nearby, mapped in the interventions Environmental Management: safety and Fall Prevention. Conclusion: The treatment prescribed in clinical practice was corroborated by the NIC reference.
Perceived self-image in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: an integrative review of the literature
Authors: Carrasco Maria Isabel Bonilla , Ruiz Maria Carmen Solano
Published: October 2014

Objective: To learn about the experiences of adolescents diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis. Method: Integrative review of the literature published within a specified time frame. Results: For both sexes, the predominant clinical symptom of this condition appears to be the negative effect that the deformity exerts on perceived self-image. Quantitative studies used numerical scores to assess perceptions of body image but did not analyse emotional aspects. Patients treated surgically were found to have a better self-image than patients treated with a brace. Quality of life was improved by a reduction in the magnitude of the curve. Conclusion: Spinal deformity exerts a psychological effect on adolescent girls.
La enseñanza universitaria y su extensión en comunidades de frontera: un proyecto dirigido a promover políticas sociales para el ciudadano como usuario de información y lectura
Authors: Sabelli Martha
Published: October 2014

El proyecto aquí presentado,"Promoción del acceso y uso de información por el ciudadano: Rivera - Actividades de Extensión de la Carrera de Bibliotecología en la comunidad" (2002-2004), se inscribe en la orientación de la tradición universitaria y políticas de extensión de la Universidad de la República. Asimismo busca formar y consolidar una Unidad de Extensión en la EUBCA, promover la integración universitaria y contribuir a la recuperación de espacios de incidencia y compromiso social. El fundamento teórico está basado en el principio universal del derecho a la información como derecho social que desempeña un rol esencial en el ejercicio de la ciudadanía. En los contextos críticos del Uruguay son imprescindibles políticas públicas sociales, que además de formar parte de una estrategia de desarrollo, consoliden la ciudadanía política y ayuden a construir la social. La propuesta se basa en considerar el acceso, uso y apropiación de la información por el individuo como un derecho intrínseco que tiene y debe ejercer como ciudadano, y por tanto, apunta a promover políticas públicas dirigidas a satisfacer las necesidades de información. Los Servicios de Información a la Comunidad La Enseñanza y centros de promoción de lectura, aparecen como un modelo a construirse localmente con participación social y compromiso universitario. Se diseña como proyecto piloto de extensión e investigación de la Carrera de Bibliotecología, iniciada en agosto de 2001 en la ciudad de Rivera, con estudiantes de distintas zonas de los Departamentos de Rivera y Tacuarembó, como también de Santana do Livramento, Brasil. Las problemáticas actuales exigen la inserción de los estudiantes en la sociedad y sus necesidades, como también reclaman la promoción de la enseñanza y de la investigación de la disciplina en el Uruguay con enclave en el medio social. Una dinámica participativa, a través de un intercambio de vivencias, saberes y experiencias, enriquecerá a todos los actores.
Metodologia de Sistemas Flexíveis aplicada a estudos em Ciência da Informação: uma experiência pedagógica
Authors: Costa Sely M.S.
Published: October 2014

Este trabalho descreve a aplicação da Metodologia de Sistemas Flexíveis - Soft Systems Methodology a um programa de mudança organizacional no Departamento de Ciência da Informação da Universidade de Brasília. A metodologia em questão foi desenvolvida por Peter Checkland, como alternativa às metodologias de sistemas rígidos, como a pesquisa operacional. Tem sido aplicada nas mais diversificadas situações, entre outras, para projetos relacionados com situações-problema que ocorrem em organizações. Mais recentemente, aplicou-se com freqüência em pesquisas acadêmicas na área de Ciência da Informação, especialmente na Inglaterra, e agora, no Brasil, onde o Soft Systems Methodology foi introduzido como disciplina específica do programa de pós-graduação do Departamento de Ciência da Informação da Universidade de Brasília e da orientação de teses e dissertações. Este trabalho discute a Soft Systems Methodology e seus fundamentos, assim como a experiência de seu ensino na pós-graduação e sua aplicação em problemas da Ciência da Informação. A Soft Systems Methodology consiste de sete estágios e faz uso de ferramentas específicas, sendo fundamentada na abordagem sistêmica, na fenomenologia e na Pesquisa-Ação. Este trabalho descreve ainda, a partir do levantamento bibliográfico sobre o Soft Systems Methodology, a organização do conteúdo programático da disciplina, atendendo a alunos de mestrado e doutorado em Ciência da Informação, e a observação sistemática, tanto das percepções dos alunos e suas reações relativas à disciplina durante todo o período letivo, quanto da aplicação da Soft Systems Methodology em situações-problema reais. Incluem-se na discussão as ações desenvolvidas visando melhor interação entre alunos de graduação, bolsistas do PIBIC, e alunos de pós-graduação do citado departamento, cujo perfil educacional e profissional era variado: Engenharia, Ciência da Computação, Ciência da Informação e Administração. A interação entre graduandos e pós-graduandos levou a uma aproximação efetiva entre os dois âmbitos do depto. A metodologia e sua aplicação no programa acadêmico de Ciência da Informação despertaram grande interesse e motivação, além de contribuir para os conhecimentos da área e para sua interdisciplinaridade - não só pelo corpo teórico em que se baseia, como também pela mencionada diversidade dos alunos. Tal diversidade permitiu criar-se uma variedade de situações em que se aplicou a metodologia. Conclui-se que a Soft Systems Methodology é alternativa viável e adequada ao tratamento de diversos problemas, além de contribuir significativamente ao corpo de conhecimentos da Ciência da Informação.
Sistema hipermídia ajudando a construir a pesquisa escolar
Authors: Machado Ana Maria Nogueira , Vidott Silvana Aparecida Borsetti Gregório
Published: October 2014

Este trabalho surgiu da constatação das condições em que alunos de 1ª a 4ª séries do 1º grau, hoje ensino fundamental, vinham à biblioteca para elaborar a chamada pesquisa escolar. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir o desenvolvimento do sistema hipermídia Ajudando a construir a pesquisa escolar, com enfoque na elaboração de referências, de acordo com a NBR 6023/2000 da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas. O sistema foi construído no software Personal BrainTMque possui características estruturais em forma de rede. Estas possibilitam a criação de um ambiente hipermídia informacional, pessoal ou coletivo, numa relação natural entre as informações armazenadas em documentos e os temas abordados pelos usuários. Acredita-se que o sistema aqui discutido, pode ser utilizado como um instrumento motivador da pesquisa escolar.
Fome de ler: a leitura em movimento como processo de inclusão social
Authors: Válio Else Benetti Marques
Published: October 2014

Propõe-se uma investigação com o objetivo de conhecer os interesses de leitura dos habitantes de Campinas que não freqüentam a Biblioteca Pública. Para tanto, foi feito um levantamento em mapas de zoneamento da cidade, a partir dos catálogos de usuários, a fim de diagnosticar quais regiões são mais carentes de um trabalho com a leitura. Os dados da pesquisa foram coletados por meio de um Roteiro de Entrevista Estruturada. Através de uma amostra estratificada, foram entrevistados 880 moradores, com o propósito de conhecer os interesses de leitura desses possíveis leitores residentes nos 40 bairros selecionados. Os resultados da pesquisa serviram como subsídios no traçado das diretrizes para o estabelecimento de uma Política da Secretaria Municipal de Cultura que visa reestruturar a Rede de Biblioteca Pública de Campinas, implantando bibliotecas setoriais com acervos adequados às necessidades e interesses dos leitores. O projeto viabilizou uma proposta de programa de incentivo à leitura para moradores que não tiveram acesso aos bens culturais dos letrados e, portanto, a alguns dos meios de exercer o direito à sua cidadania.
O astrolábio, o mar e o Império
Authors: Gesteira Heloisa Meireles
Published: October 2014

A partir de alguns textos escritos pelos cosmógrafos do Reino, entre os séculos XVI e XVIII, em Portugal, pretendemos evidenciar as bases técnicas e científicas que possibilitaram a expansão marítima europeia destacando as relações entre elas e a construção e o uso dos instrumentos matemáticos utilizados na navegação oceânica. Nosso objetivo, além de sublinhar os conteúdos científicos relacionados aos artefatos utilizados para as medições, é também verificar como a ciência e o conhecimento adquirem significado prático, estratégico e simbólico no contexto da expansão ultramarina de Portugal.
Joséphine Schouteden-Wéry no litoral belga: uma bióloga entre o trabalho de campo e a formação de coleções
Authors: Heizer Alda , Cerqueira Aline Cardoso
Published: October 2014

O texto apresenta resultados e aspectos relacionados à prática de campo da bióloga Joséphine Schouteden-Wéry no litoral belga. Tais informações encontram-se em artigo publicado no periódico Recueil de L’Institut Botanique Léo Errera, da Universidade de Bruxelas, em 1911. Schouteden-Wéry dá uma resposta à Real Sociedade de Ciências Naturais e Médicas de Bruxelas sobre os fatores geológicos, climáticos, hidrológicos, entre outros, que regulam a distribuição geográfica das espécies. A bióloga participou de viagens de estudos no Congo, colônia belga no continente africano, e desempenhou papel de destaque atuando junto à L’Union des Femmes Coloniales.
Aleitamento materno e caracterização dos hábitos alimentares na primeira infância: experiência de São Tomé e Príncipe
Authors: Silva Diana e , Nóbrega Laura , Valente Ana , Dias Cláudia , Almeida Feliciana , Cruz José Luís , Neves Edgar , Afonso Caldas , Guerra António
Published: October 2014

Objetivos: avaliação da amamentação, da diversificação e frequência alimentar, em crianças de São Tomé e Príncipe (STP). Métodos: trata-se de uma amostra constituída por 1285 crianças. O protocolo incluiu a prevalência do aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) e Total (AMT), início da diversificação alimentar (DA) e um questionário de frequência alimentar. O tratamento estatístico foi efetuado no SPSS®. Os resultados foram apresentados de acordo com o total da amostra. Resultados: 45,5% são do sexo feminino e a média de idades 26±18 meses. 46,6% fez AME até aos 6 meses (média 5±2). A média de AMT foi 12±7 meses e o início da DA aos 6±3 meses (mediana=6), sendo as farinhas e a canja de peixe os primeiros alimentos oferecidos. 42% das crianças são incluídas na dieta familiar aos 7±3 meses (mediana=6). Elevada porcentagem de crianças nunca ingere: leite de vaca (74%) ou iogurte (40%), contrariamente ao elevado consumo de óleo alimentar (34%) e açúcar (33%). A idade média de iniciação da cerveja é aos 18±12 meses e vinho de palma 13±10 meses. Conclusões: observa-se uma elevada prevalência de AME e uma precoce introdução da DA. Embora existam recursos alimentares disponíveis, não há informação/ formação adequada para elaborar um plano alimentar saudável durante a infância.
A new species of Leporinus Agassiz, 1829 (Characiformes: Anostomidae) from the rio Tocantins, Brazil
Authors: Britski Heraldo A. , Birindelli Jose L. O.
Published: October 2014

A new species of Leporinus is described based on specimens from the lower rio Tocantins, Pará State, Brazil. The new species is diagnosed by having conspicuous dark spots on center of scales on anterolateral portion of body, 33 or 34 scales in lateral line, 16 scales rows around caudal peduncle, four scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line and four between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin, and four teeth on premaxilla and four on dentary. The new species is similar to Leporinus gomesi, L. granti, and L. nijsseni for having three prominent dark midlateral blotches, smaller blotches formed by dermal pigment, five of which form an interrupted "X" between head and first midlateral blotch, small dark spots formed by epidermal pigment, terminal mouth with four teeth on premaxilla and four on dentary, and relatively few scales on lateral line (less than 36). In addition, new data is provided for the type specimens of Leporinus granti and L. megalepis (=Hypomasticus megalepis),, and L. badueli is confirmed as a junior synonym of L. granti.
Osmotic induction marking with Alizarin Red S on juveniles of pejerrey, Odontesthes bonariensis (Atherinopsidae)
Authors: Campanella Daniela , Garriz Angela , Colautti Dario C. , Somoza Gustavo M. , Miranda Leandro A.
Published: October 2014

Juveniles of pejerrey, Odontesthes bonariensis, were exposed to 0.1% Alizarin Red S (ARS) alone or with a previous immersion in 2.2% saline solution (Osmotic Induction, OI) to enhance the ARS marking method. Fish were marked in the field and immediately released in 1 m3 cages in "La Salada de Monasterio" lagoon, Chascomús, Buenos Aires , Argentina. After 73 days, clear marks were observed in the otoliths, caudal fin rays and scales with both treatments, being the intensity of the signal in the scales of OI+ARS treated fish higher. On the other hand, no marks were observed in the control group on the same structures. Approximately one year post-treatment (385 days), only marks in caudal fin rays were found clearly in OI+ARS treated fish. After this period, no significant differences in total length or weight between marked or control fish were observed and the mortality ranged between 30-40 % in all cages. These results provide strong evidence for the potential applicability of this cost-effective marking technique in differentiation of wild and hatchery-produced pejerrey. The success in the caudal fin rays marking is also important because it is easy to do and does not require the sacrifice of fish.
Comparative Morphology of Eggs of the Predators Brontocoris tabidus and Supputius cincticeps (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Dimaté Francisco Andrés Rodríguez , Poderoso Júlio César Melo , Serrão José Eduardo , Candan Selami , Zanuncio José Cola
Published: October 2014

Brontocoris tabidus (Signoret)and Supputius cincticeps (Stal) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) are natural enemies of lepidopteran defoliator pests. Therefore, more detailed information regarding the morphology of their eggs will certainly enhance the identification of these predators during the initial developmental stages for easy recognition of their presence in the field. In this study, eggshell morphology and morphometry of B. tabidus and S.cincticeps were examined. The diameter of the B. tabidus eggs was 2.03 ± 0.12 mm, height of 2.86 ± 0.08 mm, and the number of aero-micropylar processes were 14.8 ± 0.74; for eggs of the S.cincticeps, the diameter was 1.80 ± 0.32 mm, height 2.05 ± 0.27, and aero-micropylar processes 12.6 ± 1.18 mm. The eggs are oval to subglobose in shape, narrowing from the base to the apex; the operculum is circular convex with a circular array of aero-micropylar process on the anterior pole of the egg. The spicules seen on the flattened side of the B. tabidus and S.cincticeps eggs are fewer than those found in the operculum. Egg height and the number of aero-micropylar processes were higher in B. tabidus than in S.cincticeps. Such distinctive characters enable the identification of these predator's eggs.
London 2012 legacy: E20 – creating an integrated piece of city
Authors: Firth Kathryn
Published: October 2014

The master plan for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games was fundamentally inward facing. One of the primary tasks of the London Legacy Development Corporation is to ensure the five new communities in and around the new Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park – which collectively form the new E20 postcode – socially and economically converge with the rest of London. This paper describes physical and perceptual links that support the park's use by the local public; discusses the importance high-quality connectivity, public realm and housing; and explores how ‘local' must be balanced with ‘metropolitan' in this unique setting. Ultimately, the seamless integration of the old with the new is fundamental to the success of this new piece of city.