bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population Pharmacokinetics of Caspofungin and Dose Simulations in Heart Transplant Recipients
Authors: Wu Zheng , Lan Jinhua , Wang Xipei , Wu Yijin , Yao Fen , Wang Yifan , Zhao Bo-xin , Wang Yirong , Chen Jingchun , Chen Chunbo
Published: April 2022

The effect of heart transplantation (HTx) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of caspofungin is not well-characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate the population PK of caspofungin in HTx and non-HTx patients and to identify covariates that may affect the PK of caspofungin.
Distinct Subcellular Localization of a Type I CRISPR Complex and the Cas3 Nuclease in Bacteria
Authors: Govindarajan Sutharsan , Borges Adair , Karambelkar Shweta , Bondy-Denomy Joseph
Published: April 2022

CRISPR-Cas systems, the prokaryotic adaptive immune systems, are largely understood using structural biology, biochemistry, and genetics. How CRISPR-Cas effectors are organized within cells is currently not well understood.
Phage Infection Restores PQS Signaling and Enhances Growth of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa
lasI
Quorum-Sensing Mutant
Authors: Høyland-Kroghsbo Nina Molin , Bassler Bonnie L.
Published: April 2022

Clinical isolates of
P. aeruginosa
frequently harbor mutations in particular QS genes. Here, we show that infection by select temperate phages restores QS, a cell-to-cell communication mechanism in a
P. aeruginosa
QS mutant.
Intestinal Enteroid Monolayers Model the Human Intestinal Environment for Escherichia coli Infection
Authors: Small Jason T. , Weiss Alison Ann
Published: April 2022

O157:H7 is difficult to study due to its high specificity for the human intestine and the lack of sufficiently complex human cell culture models. The recent development of human intestinal enteroids derived from intestinal crypt multipotent stem cells has allowed us to construct two-dimensional differentiated epithelial monolayers grown in transwells that mimic the human intestine.
Accuracy of Pneumocystis jirovecii Plasma Cell-Free DNA PCR for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Pneumocystis Pneumonia
Authors: Moreno Angel , Epstein David , Budvytiene Indre , Banaei Niaz
Published: April 2022

Pneumocystis
pneumonia (PCP) caused by
Pneumocystis jirovecii
is a serious infection in immunocompromised hosts which requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. The recommended specimen for diagnosis of PCP is bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, which is invasive and may not be possible in unstable patients.
Undergraduates' Experiences with Online and in-Person Courses Provide Opportunities for Improving Student-Centered Biology Laboratory Instruction
Authors: Sarvary Mark A. , Castelli Frank R. , Asgari Mitra
Published: April 2022

Biology laboratory courses with hands-on activities faced many challenges when switched to online instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic. The transition back to in-person instruction presents an opportunity to redesign courses with greater student input.
Structural Basis of the Main Proteases of Coronavirus Bound to Drug Candidate PF-07321332
Authors: Li Jian , Lin Cheng , Zhou Xuelan , Zhong Fanglin , Zeng Pei , Yang Yang , Zhang Yuting , Yu Bo , Fan Xiaona , McCormick Peter J. , Fu Rui , Fu Yang , Jiang Haihai , Zhang Jin
Published: April 2022

The current pandemic of multiple variants has created an urgent need for effective inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 to complement vaccine strategies. PF-07321332, developed by Pfizer, is the first orally administered coronavirus-specific main protease inhibitor approved by the FDA.
Microbial Biogeochemical Cycling of Nitrogen in Arid Ecosystems
Authors: Ramond Jean-Baptiste , Jordaan Karen , Díez Beatriz , Heinzelmann Sandra M. , Cowan Don A.
Published: April 2022

Arid ecosystems cover ∼40% of the Earth’s terrestrial surface and store a high proportion of the global nitrogen (N) pool. They are low-productivity, low-biomass, and polyextreme ecosystems, i.e., with (hyper)arid and (hyper)oligotrophic conditions and high surface UV irradiation and evapotranspiration. These polyextreme conditions severely limit the presence of macrofauna and -flora and, particularly, the growth and productivity of plant species.
Draft Genome Assemblies of 4 Lactobacillus jensenii and 3 Lactobacillus mulieris Strains from the Urinary Tract
Authors: Ene Adriana , Putonti Catherine
Published: April 2022

Lactobacilli are dominant members of the healthy female bladder microbiota. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of 4
Lactobacillus jensenii
and 3
Lactobacillus mulieris
strains isolated from catheterized urine samples.
Genome Sequences of 22 T1-like Bacteriophages That Infect
Enterobacteriales
Authors: Cranston Alyssa , Danielson Parker , Arens Daniel K. , Barker Austin , Birch Elisabeth K. , Brown Hannah , Carr Emilee , Cero Paige , Chow Jacob , Correa Elisa , Dean Jeremy , Dunn Matthew , Eberhard Nathaniel , Egbert Ashley , Foster Kent , Gaertner Rochelle , Gleave Austen , Gomez Alex , Gordon J. Ben , Harris Evan B. , Heaps Corden , Hyer Matthew , Johnson Austin , Johnson Liam , Kim Minji , Kruger Jared L. , Leonard Thomas , LeSueur Austin , Lima Sophia , Marshall Naomi , Moulton Rebecca , Newey Colleen R. , Owen Daniel , Packard Audra , Rolfson Alexis , Suorsa Aurora R. , Rodriguez Walter , Sandoval Claudia , Sharma Ruchira , Smith Ashley , Sork Carson , Soule Coby , Soule Silvia , Stewart Jared , Stoker Tyson , Thompson Daniel W. , Thurgood Trever , Walker Jamison , Zaugg Ethan , Casjens Sherwood R. , Grose Julianne H.
Published: April 2022

Here, the full genome sequences of 22 T1-like bacteriophages isolated from wastewater are reported. Eight (BlueShadow, Brooksby, Devorator, ElisaCorrea, Reinasaurus, SorkZaugg, Supreme284, ZeroToHero) were isolated on
Citrobacter
, six on
Klebsiella
(Chell, FairDinkum, HazelMika, Opt-817, P528, PeteCarol), and eight on
Escherichia
(Fulano1, Mishu, Opt-719, PhleaSolo, Punny, Poky, Phunderstruck, Sadiya).
Synthesis and Prediction of Antitumor Activity of New Fused Pyrano[3,4-c]pyridines and Pyrano[4′,3′:4,5]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines
Authors: Dashyan Sh. Sh. , Paronikyan E. G. , Ayvazyan A. S. , Mamyan S. S. , Hunanyan L. S.
Published: April 2022

One-pot methods were developed for the preparation of 6-amino-3-isopropyl-7-aryl substituted-8-thioxo(oxo)pyrano[3,4-c]pyridines derivatives. The latter served as starting materials for the synthesis of a new pyrano[4′,3′:4,5]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine heterosystems. The proposed mechanisms of one-pot reactions were presented. Antitumor activity of new synthesized compounds was predicted by in silico methods.
Rare case of pancreatic lipomatous hamartoma
Authors: Tee Chin Li , Lin Eliz Yuyuan , Bundele Manish M , Low Jee Keem
Published: April 2022

A middle-aged man had an incidental finding of 10.1 cm lipomatous mass arising from pancreatic body/neck detected on CT scan. He was asymptomatic. He underwent surgical resection of the mass due to concern for malignancy. His postoperative course was complicated by a high-volume pancreatic leak of approximately 900 mL/day. He underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and insertion of a pancreatic stent, with some improvement in the pancreatic leak. His leak eventually settled after 3 months. The final histopathology showed lobules of mature adipocytes with small islands of disorganised benign pancreatic ducts and acini interspersed within them, suggestive of pancreatic hamartoma of lipomatous variant. Pancreatic lipomatous hamartomas are rare and are often diagnosed on final histopathology when the initial resection was performed due to diagnostic uncertainty or concern for malignancy. It is a benign lesion with an indolent course and must be discriminated from other lipomatous lesions of the pancreas. An awareness of the condition is important to help guide management.
Left cheek sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma and development of isolated free flap donor site metastasis
Authors: Zhou Deborah , Bhadri Vivek , Luk Peter , Ch’ng Sydney , Franks Daniel , Hong Angela
Published: April 2022

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare mesenchymal malignancy with four different morphological subtypes: alveolar, embryonal, pleomorphic and spindle cell/sclerosing. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of children and adolescents but occurs less commonly in adults. We describe a male patient in his 20s with sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma of the left cheek who developed an isolated free flap donor site metastasis in the first instance but subsequently progressed with bilateral pulmonary metastases. Multidisciplinary team involvement in a sarcoma specialist centre is essential and collaboration between the pathologist, radiologist, head and neck surgeon, orthopaedic surgeon, radiation oncologist and medical oncologist were integral in providing optimal management in this patient. Furthermore, this case report highlights this phenomenon of implantation metastasis in a patient with rhabdomyosarcoma, and emphasises the importance of surgical barriers between the resection and reconstruction teams in an oncological case.
A quality improvement project reducing adverse events and improving adherence to guidelines surrounding VRIII usage
Authors: Coulden Amy , Chortis Vasileios , Smyth Theresa , Salahuddin Sofia , Hanif Wasim , Ghosh Sandip
Published: April 2022

Variable rate intravenous insulin infusions (VRIII) are frequently used in hospitals and incorrect use can lead to electrolyte imbalance, hypoglycaemia and adverse outcomes. The Joint British Diabetes Societies (JDBS) published guidelines in 2014 and recommended the use of a balanced fluid as substrate. There was no published data to demonstrate the superiority of this fluid in reducing adverse events. This quality improvement project aimed to review the existing practice at our Trust in accordance with JDBS guidelines. We predicted introducing this fluid would reduce adverse events and demonstrating this was a prerequisite condition from our Trust Medicines Management Committee to approve its long-term availability. We carried out an audit of our practice in 2015, at which time the JBDS recommended fluid (0.45% sodium chloride/5% dextrose with 0.15% potassium chloride) was not available in our Trust. Our VRIII guideline was re-written with recommendation for use of the balanced fluid, after procurement from pharmacy. Our primary areas for improvement as highlighted from the 2015 audit were correct substrate prescription and rate reduction of hypokalaemia (potassium <3.5 mmol/L) and hypoglycaemia (glucose <4 mmol/L) during VRIII use. Analysis of the pre-intervention (December 2016) and post-intervention (September–November 2017) data showed a significant increase in correct fluid use; 11% pre-intervention to 76% post-intervention (χ2, p<0.0001). The number of hypoglycaemic events per VRIII reduced from 0.73 (±1.78) to 0.28 (±0.84) (p<0.05) peri-intervention. Similarly, the number of hypokalaemic events per VRIII reduced from 0.15 (±0.54) pre-intervention to 0.05 (±0.25) post-intervention. There was also a significant reduction in number of VRIII episodes associated with a hyponatraemia event from 26% at baseline to 12% post-intervention (p<0.01). Some of these marked improvements were not sustained at 1-year post follow-up. We reduced adverse outcomes with a substantial net-cost saving during this period, through implementation of new and accessible guidelines, trust-wide education programmes and posters to raise awareness.
Historiographies of surgical innovation: endoscopic endonasal pituitary surgery
Authors: Conroy Katherine
Published: April 2022

The historiography of medicine has shifted from narratives of inevitable progress, authored mainly by the medical profession, to a more complex, analytical approach in which historians place medicine in its social context. However, the history of surgery has lagged behind somewhat; Christopher Lawrence suggests this is because the recent focus on the construction of medical knowledge does not incorporate the practical aspects of surgery, which are difficult to extract from their previous linear narrative. Thomas Schlich likewise recognises that surgery is both knowledge and skill—therefore more of a ‘craft’ than medicine. A possible solution is aligning the history of surgery with the history of technology: analysing the interplay of instruments and human activity.

This case study uses the history of endoscopic endonasal pituitary surgery to explore the historiography of surgical innovation, in the context of its heavy reliance on both technology and interdisciplinary divisions of labour. Re-enactment, evolutionary frameworks and using Social Construction of Technology methods all require close collaboration between historian and surgeon to bridge the gap between scholarship and tacit knowledge.
A proposed Folic subgroup for the Organic Cryosols
Authors: Sanborn Paul , Bulmer Chuck , Geertsema Marten , Smith Scott
Published: April 2022

Cryosols with thick surface organic horizons consisting of folic material derived from forest litter and feathermosses occur on northerly slope aspects in the Rocky Mountains of northern British Columbia. Designation of a new Folic Organic Cryosol subgroup in the Canadian System of Soil Classification would enable more realistic depiction of soil landscape patterns in future soil inventories.
“I see my culture starting to disappear”: Anishinaabe perspectives on the socioecological impacts of climate change and future research needs
Authors: Menzies A.K. , Bowles E. , Gallant M. , Patterson H. , Kozmik C. , Chiblow S. , McGregor D. , Ford A. , Popp J.N.
Published: April 2022

Climate change disproportionately affects Indigenous Peoples because of strong connections between environmental, cultural, and spiritual well-being. While much of the global discourse surrounding climate change is founded in Western science, the holistic, place-based knowledge of Indigenous Peoples offers a complementary way of understanding and mitigating climate change impacts. The goal of this research was to elevate Anishinaabe concerns, observations, and perspectives about climate change impacts and future research needs. We organized a workshop called “Connecting Guardians in a Changing World” where participants shared concerns about animal and plant life cycles, water cycles and water quality, and impacts to ways of life, including reduced capacity to perform cultural practices and erosion of their knowledge. Participants highlighted the challenge of prioritizing a single impact of climate change, emphasizing that impacts to the environment and ways of life are interconnected. Participants also expressed the need for research and policy that move beyond interdisciplinarity to include intercultural philosophy and research that better reflects Indigenous worldviews and incorporates Indigenous methodologies. Moving forward, meaningful partnerships and opportunities for knowledge sharing should be prioritized in climate change discourse to ensure solutions are generated together, with all of the tools and knowledge available.
Image of the Schwarzschild black hole pierced by a cosmic string with a thin accretion disk
Authors: Liu Changqing , Tang Li , Jing Jiliang
Published: April 2022

We study the optical appearance of a thin accretion disk around a Schwarzschild black hole pierced by a cosmic string with a semi-analytic method of Luminet [Astron. Astrophys. 75 (1979) 228]. Direct and secondary images with different parameters observed by a distant observer are plotted. The cosmic string parameter [Formula: see text] can modify the shape and size of the thin disk image. We calculate and plot the distribution of both redshift and observed flux as seen by distant observers at different inclination angles. Those distributions are dependent on the inclination angle of the observer and cosmic string parameter [Formula: see text].
Comparison of quantum state protection against decoherence via weak measurement, a survey
Authors: Harraz Sajede , Cong Shuang , Nieto Juan J.
Published: April 2022

One of the crucial tasks in quantum systems is to reduce the effects of decoherence due to the unavoidable interactions between a system and its environment. Many protection schemes have been proposed recently, among them the weak measurement quantum measurement reversal (WMQMR), weak measurement-based quantum feedback control (QFBC) and quantum feedforward control (QFFC) are reviewed in this paper. By considering weak measurement, the aim is to find a balance between information gain and disturbance of the system caused by the measurement. We classify different types of measurement and give the definition of noise sources and their effects on the state of the system. Finally, we compare and analyze the performance of the discussed protection schemes for different noise sources by numerical simulations.
Generalized quaternionic free rotational Dirac equation and spinor solutions in the electromagnetic field
Authors: Bhatt Shikha , Chanyal B. C.
Published: April 2022

Starting with the quaternionic Minkowski space–time and its four-vector representation, a rotational analogue of the quaternionic Dirac equation in the electromagnetic field is developed, which includes not only the energy solutions but also the angular momentum solutions for rotating Dirac fermions. The striking feature of the quaternionic approach is that it depicts a unified representation of energy–momentum in a single framework as the space–time. Furthermore, we establish the generalized Schrodinger–Pauli-like equation associated with generalized electric and magnetic dipole energies that corresponds to their dipole moments. As such, the present analysis deals with the invariant behavior of the extended quaternionic rotational Dirac equation under Lorentz–Poincaré, Gauge, duality, and CPT invariance.
FORMS OF CAPITAL AND THE CREATION OF JOBS BY IMMIGRANT-OWNED BUSINESSES IN SOUTHERN AFRICA
Authors: ERESIA-EKE CHUKUAKADIBIA , OKERUE CHIJIOKE
Published: April 2022

This study explores the relationships that human, economic and social capital may have with the creation of employment in small businesses that belong to African immigrants. Based on a cross-country approach, the study utilized self-administered questionnaires to collect data in a cross-sectional manner from 829 respondents in some states of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Results obtained from the analysis of the data revealed that certain variables in the triumvirate of human, economic and social capitals displayed statistically significant relationships with employment creation. Specifically, among the studied variables, only management skills, educational achievement, business support services and language proficiency correlated positively with employment creation. Consequently, Governments, African-immigrant entrepreneurs and other interested stakeholders may need to invest in the improvement of these specific components of human, economic and social capital bases of entrepreneurs for the touted benefit of employment creation to materialize.
The dependence modeling of the caterpillar eggs yield of the laboratory population of Lymantria dispar on the duration of diapause
Authors: Sedelnikov A. V.
Published: April 2022

The hatching model of Lymantria dispar caterpillars is being constructed. The variable parameter of the model is the duration of the diapause. The annual and semi-annual laboratory populations of L. dispar are studied. The statistical analysis of 2000 eggs from 20 clutches was carried out. The main features of the development of laboratory populations of L. dispar are described and compared with the studies of other authors. The results of this work can be used to study the evolution of L. dispar in the framework of laboratory growing conditions.
Impact of variation of size of the initial release mass in the dynamics of landslide generated tsunami
Authors: Kafle Jeevan , Acharya Grishma , Kattel Parameshwari , Pokhrel Puskar R.
Published: April 2022

When debris flows, landslides, or any gravitational mass flows hit closed or partially open water sources such as seas, oceans, fjords, hydraulic reservoirs, mountain lakes, bays, and landslide dams, it results in tsunami (impulse water waves) by transforming their impact energy to water body, potentially causing damages of infrastructures and human casualties both near field and the distant coastlines. The intensity of hazard depends on the scale, location and process of the landslide, and also on the reservoir volume and topography that surrounds it. Volume or size of the initial release mass that fails and slides along a slope is one of the dominant factors to determine the degree of splash, propagating speed and the amplitudes of the fluid waves, and potential dam breach or water spill over. Here, we numerically integrate the two-phase mass flow model [Pudasaini S. P., J. Geophysi. Res. 117 (F03010), 2012] for quasi-three-dimensional, high-resolution simulation results with variation of size of the two-phase initial landslide or debris both longitudinally and laterally. In our numerical experimental results, we observe fundamentally different solid and fluid evolution and wave structures in the reservoir. There are also significant differences in the flow dynamics of solid under water for different volumes of the release mass by extending or contracting the base area along downslope and/or cross-slope directions. The simulation results show that tsunami amplitudes and run out extents are rapidly increased when the volume of the initial release mass in the form of a triangular wedge is increased by increasing the base area through the increment of the length and breadth of the release base. This study can be useful to develop and implement tsunami hazard mitigation strategies to enhance public safety and reduce potential loss due to landslide-generated wave hazards.
IS THE E-GOVERNMENT A DRIVER OF FINANCIALIZATION: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: HA LE THANH , HUYEN NGUYEN THI THANH
Published: April 2022

This study is the first to empirically examine the linkage between e-Government and financial development. We utilize three indicators, including user centricity, business mobility, and key enablers to capture a digital process in the public sector, and their effects are analyzed on financial markets, institutions, and both. By employing an international sample of 26 European countries, we demonstrate the positive impacts of e-Government, especially the user centricity on the financialization. Furthermore, e-Government has the strongest influence on financial institutions.
Belt and Road Initiative’s Regional Impact: Lessons from South Asia
Authors: RASOOL ADNAN
Published: April 2022

Since its launch in 2013, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has attracted frequent commentary and analysis. Much of these discussions have focused on its effectiveness and viability as a large-scale economic as well as geopolitical project. This paper contributes to that discussion by exploring BRI’s impact on regional organizations, specifically in South Asia. Using South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) as a case study, I argue that BRI’s impact on regional organization is inadequately understood. BRI is not a competitor to regional organizations, but its presence in a region creates a priority conundrum for member states i.e., members who join effectively must mainline the BRI into their national interests. By offering transactional functionality, BRI offers member states the opportunity to access immediate tangible benefits like foreign investment and infrastructure development. While states continue to be the members of various international and regional organizations, their commitment and policy priorities inevitably end up aligning with BRI if they choose to sign up. With BRI as a part of their national interest, states inadvertently cede policy autonomy, especially on issues of concern for China. This creates a situation that grants China a voice in organizations where it’s not even a member. This impacts the character and culture of regional organizations creating relevancy and effectiveness concerns.
From Parental Control to Joint Family Oversight
Authors: Akter Mamtaj , Godfrey Amy J. , Kropczynski Jess , Lipford Heather R. , Wisniewski Pamela J.
Published: April 2022

Our research aims to highlight and alleviate the complex tensions around online safety, privacy, and smartphone usage in families so that parents and teens can work together to better manage mobile privacy and security-related risks. We developed a mobile application ("app") for Community Oversight of Privacy and Security ("CO-oPS") and had parents and teens assess whether it would be applicable for use with their families. CO-oPS is an Android app that allows a group of users to co-monitor the apps installed on one another's devices and the privacy permissions granted to those apps. We conducted a study with 19 parent-teen (ages 13-17) pairs to understand how they currently managed mobile safety and app privacy within their family and then had them install, use, and evaluate the CO-oPS app. We found that both parents and teens gave little consideration to online safety and privacy before installing new apps or granting privacy permissions. When using CO-oPS, participants liked how the app increased transparency into one another's devices in a way that facilitated communication, but were less inclined to use features for in-app messaging or to hide apps from one another. Key themes related to power imbalances between parents and teens surfaced that made co-management challenging. Parents were more open to collaborative oversight than teens, who felt that it was not their place to monitor their parents, even though both often believed parents lacked the technological expertise to monitor themselves. Our study sheds light on why collaborative practices for managing online safety and privacy within families may be beneficial but also quite difficult to implement in practice. We provide recommendations for overcoming these challenges based on the insights gained from our study.
The Effects of System Initiative during Conversational Collaborative Search
Authors: Avula Sandeep , Choi Bogeum , Arguello Jaime
Published: April 2022

Our research in this paper lies at the intersection of collaborative and conversational search. We report on a Wizard of Oz lab study in which 27 pairs of participants collaborated on search tasks over the Slack messaging platform. To complete tasks, pairs of collaborators interacted with a so-called searchbot with conversational capabilities. The role of the searchbot was played by a reference librarian. It is widely accepted that conversational search systems should be able to engage in mixed-initiative interaction ---take and relinquish control of a multi-agent conversation as appropriate. Research in discourse analysis differentiates between dialog- and task-level initiative. Taking dialog-level initiative involves leading a conversation for the sole purpose of establishing mutual belief between agents. Conversely, taking task-level initiative involves leading a conversation with the intent to influence the goals of the other agent(s). Participants in our study experienced three searchbot conditions, which varied based on the level of initiative the human searchbot was able to take: (1) no initiative, (2) only dialog-level initiative, and (3) both dialog- and task-level initiative. We investigate the effects of the searchbot condition on six different types of outcomes: (RQ1) perceptions of the searchbot's utility, (RQ2) perceptions of workload, (RQ3) perceptions of the collaboration, (RQ4) patterns of communication and collaboration, and perceived (RQ5) benefits and (RQ6) challenges from engaging with the searchbot.
"Finsta gets all my bad pictures": Instagram Users' Self-Presentation Across Finsta and Rinsta Accounts
Authors: Huang Xiaoyun , Vitak Jessica
Published: April 2022

Significant research has examined social media users' self-presentation strategies, both within a single account and across multiple platforms. Few studies, however, have considered how users' self-presentation varies across multiple accounts on a single platform. In this survey study, we examine how Instagram users manage content sharing decisions and the audience for their content across two types of Instagram accounts: Rinsta ("real" Instagram) and Finsta ("fake" Instagram). Data analyzed includes 499 Finsta and Rinsta posts rated across different dimensions of self-presentation (e.g., self-presentation intention, picture editing effort) and 453 open-ended responses about participants' rationales for using the two accounts. Through this mixed-method approach, we find that Rinsta accounts are more likely to be public, focus on positive and uplifting content, and involve more careful editing and selection, while Finsta accounts are used for more off-the-cuff, emotional, and inappropriate content, as well as those photos that do not make the Rinsta cut. Participants also rated how they perceived responses to their Finsta and Rinsta posts. Mediation analysis suggests that participants perceived responses to Finsta posts as less satisfying, useful, and supportive - partly because Finsta posts contained more negative emotions and received fewer comments than Rinsta posts. We discuss these findings in relation to prior work on social media, self-presentation, and platform affordances, and consider the benefits of this more time-intensive approach to managing two distinct personas on one platform.
"It's Great to Exercise Together on Zoom!": Understanding the Practices and Challenges of Live Stream Group Fitness Classes
Authors: Guo Jiajing , Fussell Susan R.
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic greatly changed many people's daily lives. Because of the temporary closure of gyms and fitness centers, many people started to take group fitness classes online. The abrupt transition to synchronous online exercise brought lots of uncertainty and challenges to fitness instructors and participants. This study aims to understand how people teach and participate in live stream group fitness classes, the challenges they have encountered, and their practices to address these challenges. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 instructors and 14 participants who had experience teaching or taking live stream group fitness classes on Zoom during the pandemic. Our interviews showed that instructors saw teaching online as a new, more cognitively demanding experience than teaching in-person classes; they found limited resources to create a professional workout space, experienced stress and anxiety, had limited information and approaches to give participants feedback, and faced difficulties with rapport building. Participants found it hard to give real-time reactions while exercising far away from their laptops; they receive less customized instructions, and they have difficulty engaging in private chats. Despite the challenges, we envision CMC in exercise is an opportunity for new design and interactions. We propose design recommendations, including using smartwatches to give real-time reactions and smart garments to generate tactile feedback. Health and biometric data can be shared with instructors and other participants during exercise for safety purposes and to create social connections.
Caste Capital on Twitter: A Formal Network Analysis of Caste Relations among Indian Politicians
Authors: Vaghela Palashi , Mothilal Ramaravind Kommiya , Romero Daniel , Pal Joyojeet
Published: April 2022

Twitter is increasingly important for political outreach and networking around the world. While electoral politics and social relations in India are heavily organized by caste, a broader rhetoric of castelessness among upper-caste politicians has led to the eschewing of caste publicly to appear strategically secular. This has rendered caste dynamics more implicit than explicit. Social media, often cited as a tool for inclusion, offers a unique look into the networks of covert exclusion. Our study analyzes three structural properties of the Twitter network of Members of Parliament in India - influence, bridging capital, and mutual connectivity, to understand how caste manifests as social capital in the information economy. Our results show that those higher in the caste hierarchy are structurally poised for higher social capital through higher influence, incoming bridging capital, and higher propensity for mutual connections with other MPs in the network. Our study offers a methodological window into these invisible relations to show how structural advantages of Brahmanical supremacy are being co-produced and stabilized on social media at the highest level of politics.
MTV: Visual Analytics for Detecting, Investigating, and Annotating Anomalies in Multivariate Time Series
Authors: Liu Dongyu , Alnegheimish Sarah , Zytek Alexandra , Veeramachaneni Kalyan
Published: April 2022

Detecting anomalies in time-varying multivariate data is crucial in various industries for the predictive maintenance of equipment. Numerous machine learning (ML) algorithms have been proposed to support automated anomaly identification. However, a significant amount of human knowledge is still required to interpret, analyze, and calibrate the results of automated analysis. This paper investigates current practices used to detect and investigate anomalies in time series data in industrial contexts and identifies corresponding needs. Through iterative design and working with nine experts from two industry domains (aerospace and energy), we characterize six design elements required for a successful visualization system that supports effective detection, investigation, and annotation of time series anomalies. We summarize an ideal human-AI collaboration workflow that streamlines the process and supports efficient and collaborative analysis. We introduce MTV (MultivariateTime SeriesVisualization), a visual analytics system to support such workflow. The system incorporates a set of novel visualization and interaction designs to support multi-faceted time series exploration, efficient in-situ anomaly annotation, and insight communication. Two user studies, one with 6 spacecraft experts (with routine anomaly analysis tasks) and one with 25 general end-users (without such tasks), are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and usefulness of MTV.
Opening the Gate to Urban Repair: A Tool for Citizen-Led Design
Authors: Cooney Sarah , Raghavan Barath
Published: April 2022

City planning in the United States suffers from opaque and unresponsive processes---egalitarian in name but in reality controlled and mediated by city officials and powerful interests, not residents. We explore methods for placing city planning directly in the hands of the people. For inspiration, we look to the democratization of knowledge production through citizen science, and examine how this trend can be paralleled in urban design. To that end, we give ordinary people pattern-based planning tools to help them redesign (and repair) urban areas. We describe a prototype for such a tool that leverages classic patterns to enable city planning by residents, and show through a series of Mechanical Turk experiments that this prototype allows ordinary people to create designs and communicate their intentions without design training or expert intervention.
Quality Change: Norm or Exception? Measurement, Analysis and Detection of Quality Change in Wikipedia
Authors: Das Paramita , Guda Bhanu Prakash Reddy , Seelaboyina Sasi Bhushan , Sarkar Soumya , Mukherjee Animesh
Published: April 2022

Wikipedia has been turned into an immensely popular crowd-sourced encyclopedia for information dissemination on numerous versatile topics in the form of subscription free content. It allows anyone to contribute so that the articles remain comprehensive and updated. For enrichment of content without compromising standards, the Wikipedia community enumerates a detailed set of guidelines, which should be followed. Based on these, articles are categorized into several quality classes by the Wikipedia editors with increasing adherence to guidelines. This quality assessment task by editors is laborious as well as demands platform expertise. As a first objective, in this paper, we study evolution of a Wikipedia article with respect to such quality scales. Our results show novel non-intuitive patterns emerging from this exploration. As a second objective we attempt to develop an automated data driven approach for the detection of the early signals influencing the quality change of articles. We posit this as a change point detection problem whereby we represent an article as a time series of consecutive revisions and encode every revision by a set of intuitive features. Finally, various change point detection algorithms are used to efficiently and accurately detect the future change points. We also perform various ablation studies to understand which group of features are most effective in identifying the change points. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that rigorously explores English Wikipedia article quality life cycle from the perspective of quality indicators and provides a novel unsupervised page level approach to detect quality switch, which can help in automatic content monitoring in Wikipedia thus contributing significantly to the CSCW community.
RescueCASTR: Exploring Photos and Live Streaming to Support Contextual Awareness in the Wilderness Search and Rescue Command Post
Authors: Jones Brennan , Tang Anthony , Neustaedter Carman
Published: April 2022

Wilderness search and rescue (WSAR) is a command-and-control activity where a Command team manages field teams scattered across a large area looking for a lost person. The challenge is that it can be difficult for Command to maintain awareness of field teams and the conditions of the field. We designed RescueCASTR, an interface that explores the idea of deploying field teams with wearable cameras that stream live video or sequential photos periodically to Command that aid contextual awareness. We ran a remote user study with WSAR managers to understand the opportunities and challenges of such a system. We found that the awareness provided by the footage could give additional confidence and comfort to Command, while reducing the need for explicit communications. However, it could also impact workers' traditional roles and shift the burden of responsibility toward Command. We conclude that, while wearable-camera footage could be beneficial to Command, they need to have the tools and means to narrow their focus within the abundance of information provided. Furthermore, camera streams should not be thought of as a replacement for more direct communications, but rather as another tool available to help Command supplement their understanding of events in the field and help them narrow their focus.
Sonification of Emotion in Social Media: Affect and Accessibility in Facebook Reactions
Authors: Cantrell Stanley J. , Winters R. Michael , Kaini Prakriti , Walker Bruce N.
Published: April 2022

Facebook Reactions are a collection of animated icons that enable users to share and express their emotions when interacting with Facebook content. The current design of Facebook Reactions utilizes visual stimuli (animated graphics and text) to convey affective information, which presents usability and accessibility barriers for visually-impaired Facebook users. In this paper, we investigate the use of sonification as a universally-accessible modality to aid in the conveyance of affect for blind and sighted social media users. We discuss the design and evaluation of 48 sonifications, leveraging Facebook Reactions as a conceptual framework. We conducted an online sound-matching study with 75 participants (11 blind, 64 sighted) to evaluate the performance of these sonifications. We found that sonification is an effective tool for conveying emotion for blind and sighted participants, and we highlight sonification design strategies that contribute to improved efficacy. Finally, we contextualize these findings and discuss the implications of this research with respect to HCI and the accessibility of online communities and platforms.
The challenges and future of navigation for people with disabilities
Authors: Zhou Jialong , Qiu Chen , Guo Bin , Yu Zhiwen
Published: April 2022

People with disabilities can pervasively obtain navigation services based on modern machine learning and 5G techniques.
Safer together
Authors: Bay Jason
Published: April 2022

A pioneer of digital contact tracing discusses the considerations that went into building the world's first national contact tracing app and ponders the future of the technology.
W-Doped LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2with Excellent High-Rate Performance Synthesized via Hydrothermal Lithiation
Authors: Li Pei-yao , Huang Ying-de , Tang Lin-bo , Wei Han-xin , Fu Hao , He Zhen-jiang , Zheng Jun-chao
Published: April 2022

High energy consumption and excess lithium are required for the preparation of transition metal layered oxide cathodes through high-temperature solid-phase sintering. Exploring new low-cost preparation methods can raise the cost competitiveness of commercial lithium-ion batteries. Herein, nanoscale LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(NCM111) was prepared via a hydrothermal lithiation process from transition metal sulfates. The dissolution-recrystallization mechanism during the low-temperature hydrothermal process enables the formation of nanoparticles. The nanoscale particle size shortens the diffusion channel of lithium ions, which can significantly boost the rate-performance of NCM111. The high concentration of Li+in the solution hinders Ni2+from occupying the 3a site of Li+during the formation of the layered structure, inhibiting the cation mixing, and the unreacted lithium in the solution can be easily recycled. The conductivity of the material is improved by introducing the high valence ion W6+, while the strong W–O bond stabilizes the layered structure and further restrains cation mixing. The results show that the W-doped NCM111 has a specific capacity of 131.9 mAh g−1at an ultra-high discharge rate of 20 C (3200 mA g−1).
Effect of Niobium Doping on Structural Stability and Electrochemical Properties of LiNiO2 Cathode for Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang Guo-Xin , Wang Ruo-Heng , Lv Xiao-Yan , Su Jing , Long Yun-Fei , Qin Zu-Zeng , Wen Yan-Xuan
Published: April 2022

LiNiO2, a promising cobalt-free cathode, suffers from poor cyclic stability and inferior rate performance due to structural degradation. A strategy based on the synergistic effect of a strong Nb–O bond (753 kJ mol−1), high valence state (Nb5+), and larger ionic radius (0.64 Å) was developed to improve the properties of LiNiO2. The synergistic effects can effectively improve lattice stability, lower Li+/Ni2+ cation mixing, expand LiO6-slab spaces, enhance the conductivity and inhibit the H2–H3 phase transition, which can enhance the stability of the layered structure, accelerate Li+ diffusion and alleviate mechanical damage. Therefore, LiN0.99Nb0.01O2 exhibits higher capacity retention (91.4% after 100 cycles at 0.5C) and superior rate capability (143 mAh g−1 at 5C). As a comparison, the data of bare LiNiO2 is 69.2% and 127 mAh g−1 under the same conditions. These results further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed doping strategy.
Classification of Heat Evolution Terms in Li-Ion Batteries Regarding the OCV Hysteresis in a Li- and Mn-Rich NCM Cathode Material in Comparison to NCA
Authors: Friedrich Franziska , Zünd Tanja , Hoefling Alexander , Tübke Jens , Gasteiger Hubert A.
Published: April 2022

We investigate the heat release of Li- and Mn-rich NCM (LMR-NCM) and NCA half-cells during cycling at different C-rates and quantify the individual contributions to the overall heat flow using a combination of isothermal micro-calorimetry and electrochemical methods. The paper focuses in particular on the open-circuit voltage (OCV) hysteresis of the LMR-NCM material, which results in a significant reduction in energy round-trip efficiency (≈90% for LMR-NCM/Li cells vs ≈99% for NCA/Li cells at C/10) and therefore in an additional source of heat that has to be considered for the thermal management of the cell. The total heat release of the LMR-NCM/Li cells is found to be nine times higher than that of the corresponding NCA/Li cells (at C/10). In the case of the LMR-NCM cathode, the heat due to OCV hysteresis is responsible for up to 55% of the total energy loss. Using the applied approach, the OCV hysteresis heat is separated into its share during charge and discharge and is furthermore presented as a function of SOC. Additional sources of heat, such as reversible entropic heat, parasitic effects, and measurement limitations, are discussed in terms of their contribution to the overall energy balance of the two cell chemistries.
Brain temperature affects quantitative features of hippocampal sharp wave ripples
Authors: Petersen Peter C. , Vöröslakos Mihály , Buzsáki György
Published: April 2022

During physiological conditions, brain temperature fluctuates approximately 3°C between sleep and active waking. Here, we show that features of hippocampal ripples, including the rate of occurrence, peak frequency, and duration are correlated with brain temperature variations. Focal bidirectional manipulation of temperature in the hippocampal CA1 region in awake rodents show that ripple frequency can be altered in the direction expected from the correlational observations, implying that temperature plays a significant role.
Effects of Artemisia annua L. Essential Oil on Osteoclast Differentiation and Function Induced by RANKL
Authors: Sun Wen , Yang Guangyue , Zhang Fang , Feng Chenguo , Liang Mingjie , Jia Pengfei , Zhao Zhongliang , Guo Hailing , Zhao Yongfang
Published: April 2022

Objective. This study aimed to assess the main components of Artemisia annua L. essential oil (AEO) and determine their effect on the proliferation and differentiation of RAW264.7 cells induced by receptor activator for nuclear factor-ligand (RANKL) in vitro. Then, we tried to explain part of the function of its possible mechanisms. Materials and Methods. Essential oil was extracted from Artemisia annua L. Osteoclasts were induced in vitro by RANKL in mouse RAW264.7 cells. The experimental group was treated with different concentrations of AEO, while the control group was not treated with AEO. CCK8 was used to detect osteoclast proliferation. The osteoclasts were stained with TRAP. Western blot was used to detect protein in the MAPK pathway and the NF-κB pathway after treatment with different concentrations of AEO. RT-PCR was used to determine the expression of osteoclast-related mRNA in cells. Results. The GC-MS analysis was used to obtain the main components of AEO, including camphor, borneol, camphor, borneol, terpinen-4-ol, p-cymene, eucalyptol, deoxyartemisinin, and artemisia ketone. The CCK8 results showed that the AEO volume ratio of 1 : 4000, 1 : 5000, and 1 : 6000 did not affect the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells. However, TRAP staining showed that AEO decreased osteoclast formation. Western blot results showed that the expression of protein TRAF6, p-p38, p-ERK, p-p65, and NFATc1 decreased in the MAPK pathway and the NF-κB pathway affected by AEO. Furthermore, RT-PCR results showed that the expression of osteoclast resorption-related mRNAs (MMP-9, DC-STAMP, TRAP, and CTSK) and osteoclast differentiation-related mRNAs (OSCAR, NFATc1, c-Src, and c-Fos) also decreased in the experimental group. Conclusions. AEO inhibits osteoclast differentiation in vitro, probably by reducing TRAF6 activation, acting on the MAPK pathway and NF-κB pathway, and inhibiting the expression of osteoclast-related genes.