bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Weightbearing Computed Tomography Study on Patients With Hallux Valgus: Exploring Multiplanar Deformity Interrelationships
Authors: Wang Chien-Shun , Huánuco Casas Erik Jesús , Luo Emily J. , Acker Antoine S. , Easley Mark E. , de Cesar Netto Cesar
Published: January 2025

Background

Hallux valgus (HV) is a complex, multiplanar deformity. In this study, we examined the interrelationships between various components of this deformity using weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT). We hypothesized that the severity of traditional axial plane deformities would correlate with malpositioning of the metatarsosesamoid complex, first-ray coronal rotational deformity, and malalignment of the hindfoot and midfoot. The findings may offer valuable insights for guiding the correction of HV deformities.

Methods

Patients with an HV angle greater than 15 degrees who underwent WBCT were included. Traditional 2-dimensional parameters were semiautomatically assessed. Manual measurements included hindfoot and midfoot WBCT parameters, for example, foot and ankle offset, talar posterior and middle facet morphology, and forefoot arch angle. First-ray parameters, including first metatarsal rotation, sesamoid rotation angle, hallucal pronation angle, and sesamoid position, were measured using established methods. Patients were categorized by hindfoot moment arm values to evaluate hindfoot-forefoot relationships.

Results

Sixty-eight feet (53 patients) were included. Manual measurements exhibited excellent interobserver reliability, with ICCs of 0.845 to 0.987 and a kappa coefficient of 0.899 for the sesamoid position. The mean HV angle was 27.4 ± 7.8 degrees, whereas the mean IM angle was 15.8 ± 3.5 degrees. Significant correlations were observed between the HV and intermetatarsal (IM) angles, with all metatarsosesamoid complex parameters and first-ray coronal plane rotational parameters distal to the metatarsal head. The axial and sagittal talar–first metatarsal angles correlated with the HV angle but not with the IM angle. Significant differences in the HV angle, sagittal first tarsal–metatarsal joint angle, and first metatarsal head rotation were observed between the hindfoot moment arm groups, as confirmed by post hoc analysis.

Conclusion

The findings support our hypothesis, identifying significant correlations between metatarsosesamoid complex malposition, distal first-ray coronal pronation, and traditional axial plane deformities in HV. Some hindfoot–midfoot alignments correlated with the HV angle but not with the IM angle.
Patients With Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability and Small Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus Obtain Good Postoperative Results: A Minimum 10-Year Follow-up With Radiographic Evidence
Authors: Su Tong , Cheng Xiangyun , Zhu Yichuan , Xu Hao , Jiang Yanfang , Jiao Chen , Guo Qinwei , Jiang Dong
Published: January 2025

Background:

Few studies reported the long-term clinical outcomes and joint degeneration of patients with chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) and small osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) following simultaneous open modified Broström-Gould (MBG) surgery and arthroscopic bone marrow stimulation (BMS). The purpose of this study was to study the long-term results of patients after BMS and BMG surgery, and to further evaluate the potential effect of OLT size on postoperative results.

Methods:

In this retrospective study, 110 CLAI patients were divided into 57 patients with OLTs (including 24 patients having combined small osteochondral lesions of the tibial plafond) receiving simultaneous BMS and MBG surgeries (BMS+MBG group), and 53 patients without OLTs receiving isolated open MBG surgery (MBG group). The OLT size and pre- and postoperative Kellgren-Lawrence grade were assessed. The subjective scores (visual analog scale pain score, Tegner activity, and Karlsson-Peterson scores), surgical complications, and return to sports were also compared pre- and postoperatively.

Results:

Patients were followed up at a mean of 144.2 ± 14.9 and 145.6 ± 11.4 months for the BMS+MBG and MBG groups, respectively. Subjective scores were significantly improved ( P < .001), and no difference was found in subjective scores or surgical complications between the 2 groups ( P > .05). Both groups showed progression of osteoarthritis grade ( P < .001), but with no significant difference of changes from the preoperative to the final follow-up (BMS+MBG group: 0.84 ± 0.75 to 1.32 ± 0.80; MBG group: 0.32 ± 0.48 to 0.86 ± 0.56, changes: 0.48 ± 0.59 vs 0.55 ± 0.51, P = .575). For sports function, both groups had similar results in Tegner scores (5.8 ± 1.3 vs 6.2 ± 1.3, P = .081). However, in a subgroup analysis, we found that in the BMS+MBG group, patients exceeding the mean size of OLTs (50 mm2) were associated with an average lower postoperative Karlsson-Peterson score ( P = .025) and higher postoperative osteoarthritis grade ( P = .037), with more changes ( P = .017) than those with OLTs <50 mm2.

Conclusion:

Patients with CLAI and small OLTs following simultaneous open MBG surgery and arthroscopic BMS showed good long-term outcomes and only mild progression of joint degeneration—overall similar to patients treated for CLAI with MBG surgery. Moreover, as OLT size increased, good outcomes were less predictable.
Robust path-tracking control for intelligent vehicles considering human–vehicle multi-factors
Authors: Xu Quanning , Zhang Xinrong , Lei Zihao , Wen Guangrui , Li Xueyun , Su Yu , Gu Shulong
Published: January 2025

Human–machine co-driving refers to a technological architecture in which human driver and automated system control vehicle sharing and cooperate to accomplish driving tasks. The architecture could solve the safety and ethical dilemmas of autonomous vehicles, which is an innovative method to improve vehicle intelligence. To realize high-precision and safe path-tracking control, this paper proposes a parallel steering sharing human–machine co-driving framework based on constraint-following controller and driving weight allocation module. First, a parallel human–machine co-driving control framework is established, which uses a two-point preview driver model and constraint-following controller to represent the human driver and automated system, respectively. Second, the underactuated characteristics of front steering vehicles are analyzed. A multiple-constraint path-tracking robust controller is designed based on constraint-following control approach, which considers the multi-source uncertainty and multiple constraints of real road conditions. Third, a multi-factor driving weight allocation module is constructed, which considers human–machine characteristics and cooperation performance. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by CarSim–MATLAB/Simulink joint simulation under three different case studies. This paper creatively synthesizes the vehicle uncertainty, multiple path-tracking constraints, and human–machine cooperation performance, and provides a new idea for human–machine co-driving vehicles to realize robust and safe path-tracking control.
Maternal History of Child Maltreatment Predicts Dysregulated Offspring Stress Response System Functioning
Authors: Levin Rachel Y. , Russotti Justin , Toth Sheree L. , Cicchetti Dante , Handley Elizabeth D.
Published: January 2025

Identifying proximal and multigenerational distal risk mechanisms through which adversity exposure may shape neuroendocrine dysregulation among children is critical to advancing effective preventive interventions for adversity-exposed individuals. Utilizing longitudinal data ( N = 247), the current study examined maternal and offspring history of childhood maltreatment (CM) as predictors of offspring cortisol/DHEA ratios, and, in exploratory analyses, extended this longitudinally to offspring depressive symptoms in young adulthood. Youth (ages 8–13 years) initially attended a research camp, then were followed up approximately eight years later (ages 18–22 years). Maternal history of CM significantly predicted their offspring’s childhood cortisol/DHEA ratio over and above the effects of the offspring’s history of CM. Offspring CM was not a significant predictor of the ratio. The cortisol/DHEA ratio did not mediate the relationship between maternal history of CM and offspring emerging adulthood depression. Results highlight an intergenerational cascade of CM and negative outcomes and support inclusion of maternal experiences in screening for at-risk youth.
Women and Peace-Building: A Case Study of the Guji–Gedio Conflict in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Awol Ali , Barrett Hazel Rose , Afesha Nigussie
Published: January 2025

This study examines the critical roles of women in post-conflict peace-building, with a particular focus on the Guji–Gedio conflict in southern Ethiopia. Using a qualitative research approach that integrates primary and secondary data, the study draws insights from 61 participants through key informant interviews, in-depth discussions with community members, and focus group sessions with women. The findings reveal that, despite enduring significant hardships during conflict, women's contributions to peace-building are severely restricted by entrenched patriarchal norms, traditional gender expectations, and limited access to education. The study underscores the pressing need for targeted interventions to dismantle these structural barriers and foster inclusive, equitable, and sustainable peace-building processes.
Avoidant Automatic Thoughts Are Associated With Task Avoidance and Inattention in the Moment: Replication in a Community Sample
Authors: Knouse Laura E. , Fan Yueyi , Narayanan Aditya , Ellison William D.
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

Avoidant automatic thoughts (AAT) are thoughts that precede or accompany a delay in the starting or ending of a task. In a prior study of college students using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), AATs were frequent daily occurrences and participants with more severe ADHD symptoms at baseline reported more frequent AAT. Importantly, momentary presence of AAT was associated with greater task avoidance and inattentive symptoms. In the current study, we replicated and extended this study in a community sample of adults.

Method:

We measured AAT in the daily lives of 106 adults using EMA. Data were collected at baseline and up to five times per day for 6 days.

Results:

Using multilevel modeling, we found that baseline ADHD symptoms predicted more frequent AAT and more severe task avoidance and negative emotion in daily life. Recent presence of AAT was associated with inattention, task avoidance, and slightly elevated negative emotion in the moment. More severe baseline ADHD strengthened the relationship between AAT and both inattention and task avoidance. In exploratory analyses, we found that work tasks and household chores were the most avoided activities and that, instead, people were most likely to be doing other work tasks or engaging in screen time or self-care, respectively.

Conclusions:

This study replicates and extends our prior findings regarding AAT in daily life and their relationship to ADHD and supports continued research on this construct, which may have clinical utility for intervening in problematic avoidance behaviors.
Impact of load and movement on arteriovenous fistula flow
Authors: Antonio Adriana Marco , Vicente Thelma Cristina A , Diaz Thiago F , Sousa Eliane G X , Nakagawa Fernando T , Borges Cynthia M , Elias Rosilene M
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred vascular access for hemodialysis. Whether acute arm movement impacts arteriovenous fistula (AVF) blood flow is unknown.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional analysis, we evaluated AVF blood flow using an ultrasound device at resting and after three muscle movements for proximal (elbow flexion, shoulder adduction and abduction) or distal AVF (fist extension and flexion, fingers squeeze), without and with a 2 kg load.

Results:

We included 23 patients (14 men), 53 ± 13 years, 26.1% with diabetes, on dialysis for a median time of 5.2 months. At rest, blood flow in proximal and distal AVF were 4355 (2470, 7233) mL/min and 2286 (2063, 2442) mL/min, respectively. There was no significant difference between blood flow at resting and any movement before and after load in either proximal or distal AVF ( p > 0.05 for all comparisons).

Conclusion:

Acute arm movement with or without load does not significantly alter the blood flow of mature AVF. These results demystify the general belief that patients should avoid AVF arm movement.
Change of environmental beliefs of university students through a service-learning project / Cambio de creencias ambientales en estudiantes universitarios mediante un proyecto de aprendizaje-servicio
Authors: Lucas-Mangas Susana , Marbán José M. , Valdivieso-León Lorena , Caballero Caballero Isabel , Romay-Martínez José
Published: January 2025

An analysis is made of the impact on beliefs regarding the environment of an educational intervention, linked to the objectives of the Global Campaign for Education-2019. The aim is to analyse to what extent the service-learning project influences the environmental sustainability beliefs of university students ( N = 210) studying degrees in primary and social education (University of Valladolid), via the ‘New Human Interdependence Paradigm (NHIP)’ Scale, composed of 16 items with a Likert-type response design. Intervention is carried out in the classroom. The results obtained through a quasi-experimental research design of a single group with pre-testing and post-testing show a statistically significant 95% improvement among the participating students. Participation in cooperative groups and the tools used to facilitate critical reflection and an analysis of the connections between learning skills and academic content, together with the creation of educational resources based on those developed by the CME-2019, show their effectiveness in education for the sustainable development of these future trainers of new generations.
Teachers’ knowledge and differentiated instruction in basic schools in Ghana / Conocimiento docente e instrucción diferenciada en los centros de Educación Básica de Ghana
Authors: Mensah Anthony Kofi , Pasarín-Lavín Tania , Abín Amanda , García Trinidad , Rodríguez Celestino
Published: January 2025

The study analysed teacher knowledge and implementation of Differentiated Instruction in basic schools in the Effutu Municipality. The study adopted the cultural-historical theory by Lev Vygotsky as the theoretical framework. A quantitative research method and a cross-sectional survey were employed as the research design. Sixty teachers were selected via multi-stage sampling which involved purposive and simple random sampling. A close-ended questionnaire was used to collect information about knowledge, awareness and extent of usage or implementation of Differentiated Instruction among the teachers on a four-point Likert scale. The results showed that the teachers had very good knowledge of Differentiated Instruction in the study area but that the proportion of teachers who implemented it in core subjects was not statistically significantly different from the proportion who did not. It was recommended that policymakers and heads of basic schools should enforce the use of Differentiated Instruction due to its significant benefits to learners.
To be seen and heard: teacher action to amplify student polyvocality
Authors: Cutler Chesley , Meston Troy , Riley Tasha
Published: January 2025

Around the world, youth expressing their voices and interests are often unfairly dismissed, portrayed by settler-colonial systems as divergent from White-patriarchal standards. With space and opportunity, however, young people have proven effective in utilising their polyvocality—the multiplicity of their voices and interests—to agitate dominant systems and advocate for change. Amplification of student polyvocality by teachers in classrooms has the potential to challenge White-patriarchy embedded within existing educational practice. Synthesising qualitative data from the Weaving Stories of Strength (WSS) project, we foreground the insights of 16 Indigenous experts in Indigenous Education from Australia, Aotearoa New Zealand, Canada, and the USA, who advocate for teacher-led actions towards reframing classrooms and amplifying student polyvocality.
Innu and Atikamekw women’s connection to the land through pregnancy and birthing practices
Authors: Basile Suzy , Kermoal Nathalie , Comat Ioana , Asselin Hugo
Published: January 2025

In an effort to offset the marginalization of Indigenous women’s knowledge, we used a qualitative participatory approach to co-construct the meaning of the pregnancy and birthing knowledge of Innu (Indigenous people in Quebec, Canada) and Atikamekw (Indigenous people in Quebec, Canada) women in terms of connection to the land. Through thematic analysis of interviews, we show that the women have maintained a deep connection to the land, even though they may not be practicing land birth anymore due to restrictions imposed by governments and the medical profession. Despite the invisibilization of their connection to the land, Innu and Atikamekw women still perceive it as essential to the expression of their identity and the well-being of their communities. They emphasized the importance of rematriation, which is restoring sacred matrilineal relationships between people and land, as a way to restore their roles and leadership within their communities.
The Prognostic Significance of TRs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Insights from TCGA and GEO Databases
Authors: Zhou Hao , Wang Weijie , Liang Ruopeng , Zhu Rongtao , Cao Jiahui , Sun Chenguang , Sun Yuling
Published: January 2025

Background:

Reduced expression of thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) has been observed in various human malignancies, though its predictive value in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains uncertain.

Objective:

To explore the predictive value of TRs in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Design:

The design was bioinformatic analysis combined with experimental study.

Methods:

This study utilized Kaplan-Meier analysis of TR expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Expression levels of TRs in HCC and immune single cells were assessed using datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and TCGA, analyzed with R software. Cox and logistic regression analyses were also conducted. Functional assays, including wound healing, CCK-8, and Transwell migration assays, were employed to investigate the role of the THRB gene.

Results:

Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that low THRB expression was significantly associated with reduced overall survival (OS), 5-year OS and disease-specific survival (DSS) in HCC patients ( P < 0.05), while no significant association was found with THRA expression. Both Cox regression and logistic regression identified low THRB expression as an independent risk factor for HCC. THRB expression was significantly downregulated in tumor tissues compared to non-tumorous tissues in 3 GEO datasets and the TCGA profile. Functional assays confirmed that THRB inhibited HCC cell proliferation and migration. Additionally, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that THRB was primarily expressed in CD16+ monocytes within tumor tissues and was associated with a poor OS rate.

Conclusion:

Reduced THRB expression, but not THRA, was correlated with decreased OS in HCC patients.
Mineralization Dynamics of Pineapple Harvest Residues as Affected by Placement on Acrisoil in Benin
Authors: Sossa Elvire Line , Agbangba Codjo Emile , Tovihoudji Pierre Gbènoukpo , Ayifimi Jamali Oladédji , Bouko Bana Donsaré Nadège , Falolou Oloushègun Isidore Achille , Amadji Guillaume Lucien
Published: January 2025

Pineapple production in Benin is dominated by conventional monocropping with high levels of agrochemicals and the burning of harvest residues. This study aimed at evaluating the decomposition of pineapple harvest residues (PHR) under different modes of placement (surface mulching and burying). A complete random block design with for factor “residues application method” at two levels (surface mulching or burying) and four replications was installed in southern Benin. The residues decomposition was monitored through random sampling of eight litter bags each 60 days for the determination of residual weight, carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) contents. A linear mixed-effects model was carried out on the data. The results showed that buried PHR were more rapidly degraded in the soil and the analysis revealed a drop of its K (90%) and P (75%) contents at 4 months after application, while N and C contents decreased slowly until 12 months. Burying at deep of 10 cm can be recommended for direct PHR application to soil. The study highlights the importance of residue management practices in pineapple cultivation and recommends further exploration of methods to optimize the use of PHR in agricultural systems for enhanced soil health and reduced environmental impact.
Microbial Safety of Sachet Water in Ghana: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ahiabor Wisdom K , Donkor Eric S
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Access to safe drinking water is crucial for health and survival, yet many developing countries face significant challenges in this regard. In West Africa, rapid urbanisation has outpaced efforts to improve access to potable water, compelling households to rely on private vendors for solutions, particularly through the growing market for sachet water. Widely consumed in Ghana, sachet water has become a convenient and affordable option, with over 37% of the population depending on it. However, concerns about its microbial safety persist, as studies indicate that sachet water often fails to meet necessary safety standards. This review consolidated existing research on microbial contaminants in sachet water, aiming to provide a representative overview of the microbial quality of sachet water in Ghana.

Method:

The systematic review followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A thorough literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus and the search engine Google Scholar, using relevant search terms. Eligible studies were identified based on established criteria, and data were subsequently extracted and analysed.

Results:

A total of 28 studies published from 2003 to 2024 were selected for inclusion in this review. Notably, 96% of these studies reported bacteria from 17 different genera, while 11% examined parasites from 5 genera. Some studies (7%) investigated both types of contaminants. Overall, 2,276 sachet water samples were analysed, with 1,727 (76%) showing microbial contamination. Escherichia coli was the most identified bacteria, while Cyclospora cayetanensis and Cryptosporidium parvum were the most identified parasites.

Conclusion:

This study highlighted critical public health risks associated with sachet water in Ghana, particularly the presence of harmful bacteria and parasites. It is important to implement stricter manufacturing and sanitation standards and encourage safe handling practices to ensure the safety and quality of sachet water. Additionally, future research should focus on bridging existing gaps by investigating parasitic, viral, and fungal contaminants, to provide a holistic overview of the microbial contaminants in sachet water in Ghana.
Ascaris lumbricoides Emerging from a PleurX Draining Catheter: An Unexpected Diagnosis
Authors: Arafat Hasan , Abdul-Hafez Hamza A , Sabateen Ali
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Ascaris lumbricoides is a common helminthic infection characterized by fecal-oral route of transmission. Commonly, it affects the gastrointestinal tract. However, in significantly rare cases, it can affect unexpected body regions, such as biliary tree, pancreas, and the lung.

Case presentation:

A 68-year-old female patient underwent PleurX tube insertion due to malignant pleural effusion. On the third week of insertion, she complained of itching and pain at the site of insertion, a grayish-white worm was visualized at the insertion site. Ascaris lumbricoides was identified by microbiological examination. She received 400 mg of albendazole.

Conclusion:

Our case describes a rare clinical situation of pleural ascariasis, emphasizing the importance of remaining aware of this rare complication of ascariasis.
Modifiable Risk Factors Including Self-Perceived Stress for Breast Cancer in Hong Kong: A Case-Control Study of 10 757 Subject
Authors: Yeo Winnie , Yuen Lok-Wa , Tsoi Kelvin Kam-Fai , Chan Emily Ying-Yang , Kwok Carol C , Soong Inda , Ng Ting-Ying , Chiu Joanne , Chan Miranda , Chan Sharon Wing-Wai , Wong Ting-Ting , Chan Yolanda Ho-Yan , Li Lawrence Pui-Ki , Yau Chun-Chung , Hung Wai-Ka , Cheung Polly Suk-Yee
Published: January 2025

Background:

In Hong Kong, breast cancer is the commonest female cancer. In addition to intrinsic risk factors that cannot be modified, other factors may be potentially modifiable. The objective of this report was to determine modifiable risk factors in association with breast cancer among Chinese women in our locality.

Methods:

This is a case-control study that enrolled breast cancer patients from the Hong Kong Breast Cancer Registry and healthy matched controls from the local community between 2014 and 2017. Potential risk factors were analyzed using multiple logistic regression.

Results:

In total, 5186 breast cancer patients and 5571 controls were recruited. Several modifiable risk factors were identified. Self-perceived high stress level (adjusted odd ratios [AOR]= 3.44; 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 3.13-3.78), dairy-rich diet (AOR = 3.33; 95% CI = 2.01-5.52), delayed child-bearing (AOR = 2.23; 95% CI = 1.79-2.79), meat-rich diet (AOR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.54-2.04), ever use of oral contraceptives (AOR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.22-1.47), nulliparity (AOR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.08-1.35), and being overweight/obese (AOR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.10-1.32) were found to be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. On the other hand, breastfeeding (AOR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.69-0.83) and exercise (odds ratio = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.56-0.68) were associated with decreased risk.

Conclusions:

In our locality, high-stress level, meat- and dairy-rich diet, reproductive history, use of oral contraceptives, and being overweight/obese were identified to be modifiable risk factors for breast cancer. Lifestyle modification may help reduce breast cancer incidence in the coming decades.
Transcriptomics profiling of Parkinson’s disease progression subtypes reveals distinctive patterns of gene expression
Authors: Fabrizio Carlo , Termine Andrea , Caltagirone Carlo
Published: January 2025

Background

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) varies widely among individuals, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) has recently helped to identify three disease progression subtypes. While their clinical features are already known, their gene expression profiles remain unexplored.

Objectives

The objectives of this study were (1) to describe the transcriptomics characteristics of three PD progression subtypes identified by AI, and (2) to evaluate if gene expression data can be used to predict disease subtype at baseline.

Design

This is a retrospective longitudinal cohort study utilizing the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database.

Methods

Whole blood RNA-Sequencing data underwent differential gene expression analysis, followed by multiple pathway analyses. A Machine Learning (ML) classifier, namely XGBoost, was trained using data from multiple modalities, including gene expression values.

Results

Our study identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were uniquely associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD) progression subtypes. Importantly, these DEGs had not been previously linked to PD. Gene-pathway analysis revealed both distinct and shared characteristics between the subtypes. Notably, two subtypes displayed opposite expression patterns for pathways involved in immune response alterations. In contrast, the third subtype exhibited a more unique profile characterized by increased expression of genes related to detoxification processes. All three subtypes showed a significant modulation of pathways related to the regulation of gene expression, metabolism, and cell signaling. ML revealed that the progression subtype with the worst prognosis can be predicted at baseline with 0.877 AUROC, yet the contribution of gene expression was marginal for the prediction of the subtypes.

Conclusion

This study provides novel information regarding the transcriptomics profiles of PD progression subtypes, which may foster precision medicine with relevant indications for a finer-grained diagnosis and prognosis.
Comparing the Efficacy of Combined Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide With Topical Calcipotriol Versus Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide Monotherapy in Scalp and Beard Alopecia Areata: Results From a Randomized Single-Blinded Clinical Trial
Authors: Karat Thoyyib Parammal , Bains Anupama , Bhardwaj Abhishek , Singh Saurabh , Budania Anil , Patra Suman , Rajan M Bandhala
Published: January 2025

Background:

Intralesional (IL) steroids are the first-line treatment option for localized alopecia areata (AA). The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of topical calcipotriol with IL triamcinolone acetonide versus IL triamcinolone acetonide alone in AA.

Methods:

This randomized single-blinded clinical trial was conducted in a dermatology outpatient department. Both groups A and B received IL triamcinolone acetonide injections every 4 weeks for 12 weeks. Group A also received twice-daily topical calcipotriol. Follow-up was done every 4 weeks till 12 weeks. The primary outcome parameter was hair density assessment using a hair regrowth scale (RGS). Other parameters were the presence or absence of poor clinical response (less than 50% hair density), regrowth patterns, dermoscopy features, and adverse effects.

Results:

Seventy-three (179 patches) patients completed the study. RGS and patches with more than 50% terminal hair regrowth significantly improved in both the groups beginning in the fourth week and going forward ( P-value: .001, .001). The two treatment groups exhibited no statistically significant difference in terminal hair density ( P values: .930, .616, .178). However, subgroup analysis showed a statistically significant difference in scalp patches of group A compared to group B in the 12th week of the study ( P = .018) but not in beard patches ( P-value: .527). Group A exhibited more irritation with a reduced incidence of atrophy.

Conclusion:

The addition of topical calcipotriol to IL steroid showed increased efficacy in scalp patches of AA but not in beard patches. Also, the incidence of atrophy was lower in the combination group.
Picturing Palestine From Jordan: Contesting “Sykes-Picot Borders” Through Photography
Authors: Abder-rahman Gil Ismael
Published: January 2025

This article explores a photographic practice that takes place in Jordan and Palestine. The practice consists of photographing sites on the other side of the borders. These photographs are shared through social media, and most of the pictures share a message either informative of the landscape and/or carries within it political and decolonial claims in its caption. This article seeks to understand how the borders and boundaries are conceived, represented, contested, and re-configured through this specific practice. I argue that this practice is produced by the borders but is committed at de-bordering, re-ordering, and de-othering a territory divided due to the colonial intervention and the Israeli occupation.
Writing differently in Management Learning
Authors: Weatherall Ruth , Bridgman Todd
Published: January 2025

Writing differently exemplifies the best of Management Learning and the creative, innovative, and provocative research that calls this journal home. We look at the special role the journal has played in fostering a place where writing differently can flourish, and the unique contributions it has made to the broader writing differently movement in management and organisation studies. We tell the story of writing differently in Management Learning in two oscillating narratives. These narratives can be read separately or together, as they tell a similar story but in unique ways. The first is a more academic exploration. The second is a series of personal reflections on our assorted experiences (as an author or co-author, an editor, a doctoral student, an early career researcher, and a professor), in the processes of writing differently with Management Learning. Ultimately, we hope this overview will inspire you to see where the words can take you.
Sensemaking and Management Learning: Productive tensions and unrealized possibilities
Authors: Calvard Thomas
Published: January 2025

In this article I aim to provide a critical review of how sensemaking has featured in Management Learning and beyond, with wider reflections on productive tensions and unrealized possibilities for guiding future contributions to management research and practice. Relationships between learning and sensemaking have generally been considered as involving various processual tensions, but often conceptualized as productive tensions whereby they mutually inform, complement and rebalance each other. I argue that renewed engagement with these tensions in management can reveal unrealized possibilities for exploring what it means to be a knowing, learning, sensemaking subject in contemporary organizational environments. I organize my reflections based on the relationships between sensemaking and four other areas: (1) critical management studies, (2) reflexivity, (3) learning and (4) education. Going forward, sensemaking contributions in management may be best served by continuing to explore more diverse traditions and projects alongside and beyond the estimable contributions of Karl Weick.
History in management learning: A multi-temporal reflexive approach
Authors: Maclean Mairi , Harvey Charles
Published: January 2025

This article explores the role of history in management learning. Our starting point is the notion of historical reflexivity, which promotes a non-linear analysis of what becomes taken-for-granted, acknowledging that past, present and future are bound up with the historical development of management and organization. Our analysis recalibrates historical reflexivity to emphasize its multi-temporal character, examining how multi-temporal reflexivity impacts on the practice, performance and future-directed vision of individual managers. We approach this from the perspective of three practising managers: entrepreneurs based in Northeast England, who built up a business which they later sold, before turning to philanthropy. All three had experienced in their personal history lingering painful episodes that exerted ongoing influence in the present and future. We show that multi-temporal reflexivity is intrinsically multi-level, as reflexive learning gleaned from formative personal experience is redirected towards the organization, community and society, harnessed to build positive social futures for others.
Can smart technologies enhance co-creation and destination perceived authenticity? Culture's moderating effect
Authors: Sabiote-Ortiz Carmen M , Coves-Martínez Ángel L , Peco-Torres Francisco , Frías-Jamilena Dolores M
Published: January 2025

When it comes to tourists’ selection of the next destination to visit, among the current trends are the search for authenticity and the search for experiences, and technology plays a key role in satisfying both of these desires. The aim of this research is to better understand, from a cross-cultural perspective, how smart technologies may influence the co-creation of tourism experiences and enhance the perception of authenticity that travelers increasingly look for in a tourist destination. The study seeks to determine the moderating role of the tourist's national culture—in terms of the “uncertainty avoidance” dimension—in the following effects: (a) smart technology use on the consumer's search for destination authenticity; (b) smart technology use on tourism-experience co-creation; and (c) co-creation on destination perceived authenticity. The results suggest that it is important for destinations and suppliers of tourism services to implement smart technologies that enhance co-creation, as these affect the perceived authenticity of the destination visited—a growing contributor to tourist satisfaction.
Diagnostic performance of plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease using a fully automated platform: A real-world clinical study
Authors: Roveta Fausto , Rubino Elisa , Marcinnò Andrea , Grassini Alberto , Piella Elisa Maria , Ferrandes Fabio , Bonino Lucrezia , Giaracuni Giulia , Boschi Silvia , Gioiello Giulia , Limoncelli Selene , Cermelli Aurora , Lombardo Chiara , Mengozzi Giulio , Rainero Innocenzo
Published: January 2025

This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) using an automated platform. In a cohort of 74 consecutive patients, plasma p-Tau181 levels were significantly higher in AD compared to non-AD groups and showed correlation with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Plasma p-Tau181 demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for AD, with an area under the curve of 0.854. The findings suggest that plasma biomarkers, particularly p-Tau181, could improve the accessibility and efficiency of AD diagnostics in clinical settings, offering a less invasive and cost-effective alternative to traditional methods.
Survival disparities among Alzheimer's disease patients in Hawaii
Authors: Siriwardhana Chathura , Carrazana Enrique , Liow Kore
Published: January 2025

Background

Survival after an Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis is vital for patients, their families, caregivers, and healthcare providers. Hawaii, known for its diverse ethnic population, exhibits significant racial health disparities.

Objective

This study examined racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in AD survival in Hawaii and developed machine learning models to predict overall survival using Hawaii Medicare data.

Methods

Nine years of Hawaii Medicare data were utilized to gather information on AD development after age 65, following patients to capture all-cause survival or until censoring. The study examined the effects of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) on mortality risk. Cox regression analysis was conducted on overall survival, accounting for covariates. A Survival Random Forest was employed to model survival, incorporating K years of longitudinal health profiles.

Results

The study included 9393 AD subjects. Analysis revealed that Asian Americans (AA) had a later age at AD diagnosis (p < 0.001), with an average age of 85.9, compared to 82.7 and 83.3 years for whites and Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPI), respectively. Low SES showed a marginal increase in hazard (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.36, p < 0.001). After covariate adjustment, compared to AAs with better SES, increased hazards were found for their white counterpart (HR = 1.18, p < 0.001) and groups with low SES: AA (HR = 1.28, p < 0.001), white (HR = 1.51, p < 0.001), and NHPI (HR = 1.39, p < 0.001). The predictive model had a Concordance-Index of 0.82, showing reasonable predictability.

Conclusions

Racial/ethnic and SES disparities significantly influence AD onset and survival. Combined with longitudinal health status data, machine learning demonstrates reasonable predictability of survival.
Ingredient-based method to create medication lists and support granular data segmentation
Authors: Mendoza Daniel , Amanda Isca , Zhao Lin , Chern Darwyn , Grando Maria Adela
Published: January 2025

Objectives: Show the generalizability of an ingredient-based method to automatically create an up-to-date, error-free, complete list of medication codes (e.g., opioid medications with at least one opioid ingredient) from an ingredient list (e.g., opioid ingredients). The method, previously evaluated with the RxNorm terminology, was reused and applied in the National Drug Code (NDC) context to create opioid and antidepressant medication lists. Methods: The resulting medication lists were validated through automatic comparisons with curated medication lists (the CDC opioid medication code set and the HEDIS antidepressant medication code set), automatic comparisons with active medication lists (Federal Drug Administration (FDA) databases and RxNorm), and manual physicians’ review. Results: The proposed ingredient-based method was validated with two clinical terminologies (RxNorm and NDC) and two use cases (opioid and antidepressant medication code sets), demonstrating generalizability, reusability, and high accuracy. Conclusion: Methodologies for creating lists of sensitive codes are essential to supporting patients’ need to restrict access to potentially stigmatizing information. In contrast with data-driven, less accurate, and unexplainable methods to create clinical lists, our study innovated by proposing algorithms to automatically discover correct, complete, up-to-date, and ingredient-based medication lists.
Stimulating children's agency and positioning as subjects through aesthetic experiences in early years classrooms
Authors: Bubikova-Moan Jarmila , Hægeland Toril
Published: January 2025

This qualitative case study investigates how a series of aesthetic interventions on philosophically complex themes, such as death and fear as life experiences, offered to first graders at a multicultural urban school in Norway, stimulate their agency and positioning as subjects. Drawing on video-recorded observations and artefacts produced by the children during the project, we show that their responses were enacted in multiple ways. This included nonverbal mirroring of the adults’ actions with and without further interactional extensions but also responses beyond mirroring where the children drew on multiple semiotic resources such as dialogue, writing, drawn images, and the body, to share their experiences with others. We argue that the interventions can be seen as platforms for both individual and communal enactments of the children's agency through joint, multimodal explorations of complex concepts and what it means for the children to be subject in the world.
How does the platformization of journalism scholarship contribute (or fail) to practice? Chinese Journalists’ views
Authors: Zhao Luming , Zhou Baohua
Published: January 2025

Previous literature has explored how the penetration of platforms into the news sector influences the organization, production, and dissemination of journalism. However, it has overlooked the platformization within the backstage of journalism - how journalism scholarship intersects with practice. Utilizing the concept of relevance gap, this study explores whether the platformization of journalism scholarship can meaningfully contribute to journalistic practices. Focusing on the case study of China’s WeChat Public Accounts (WPAs), and drawing from in-depth interviews with 26 Chinese journalists, our findings reveal four perceptions that journalists hold towards various journalism research on the quadrants of readability and relevance, as well as three different ways these perceptions influence their subsequent journalistic practices. We argue that platformization, as a driving force, improves the access gap on the technological level between journalism research and its potential audience. However, increased visibility struggles to bridge the content gap at the socio-political level and may exacerbate the discord and debates between academic work and journalistic practice.
Effect of coatings on the tribological performance of engine valve train: A review
Authors: Hadia Marva , Mufti Riaz Ahmed , Zahid Rehan , Raza Ali
Published: January 2025

Coatings play a crucial role in engine valve train components, reducing friction and wear to enhance engine efficiency and longevity. Common coatings in internal combustion engines include Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) and Hard coatings, all of which improve tribological performance. These coatings are vital for valve trains, which face high stress and temperature variations. Deposition techniques like Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD), Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), and Plasma-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (PACVD) influence coating performance. DLC coatings, often metalloid-doped, are noted for their low friction and high hardness. Hard coatings excel in wear resistance and friction reduction. This review brings together experimental findings on tribological coatings for engine valve train components, focusing on materials, deposition methods, testing conditions, and performance metrics. It highlights the best coatings for reducing wear and friction, ultimately enhancing the performance of internal combustion engines. Among the coatings evaluated, Chromium Nitride with Tungsten Carbide/Carbon (CrN + WC/C) stood out. This coating significantly reduced friction torque at low to moderate rotational speeds (with reductions of 20%–30% at 800 rpm and 1400 rpm) and maintained this reduction at high speeds (30% reduction at 2000 rpm). Additionally, under high load conditions, the CrN + WC/C coating achieved a remarkable 75% reduction in mean friction torque (reducing it from 4 to 1 Nm at both 800 and 2000 rpm). These tests were conducted using SAE 10W-30 oil at 80°C. The consistent performance of CrN + WC/C across varied conditions makes it the superior choice. CrN + WC/C coatings optimize the efficiency and longevity of valve train components by reducing friction, wear, and maintenance needs, significantly enhancing engine system reliability.
Comparative study on the adaptability of diesel/aviation kerosene in rotary engines
Authors: Qin Miaoxin , Pan Jianfeng , Lu Yao , Fan Baowei , Liu Yangxian , Nauman Muhammad
Published: January 2025

It is of great significance to compare the spray characteristics and combustion characteristics of aviation kerosene and diesel in rotary engine condition when looking for the alternative of diesel in rotary engines. In this paper, several combustion characteristics of diesel and aviation kerosene were obtained by spray experiment, including ignition characteristics, ignition delay period, flame floating length, and other combustion characteristics under rotary engine conditions. After that, a three-dimensional dynamic model of the rotary engine is established and verified by the experimental data. On this basis, the combustion process of diesel engine and aviation kerosene engine under different injection strategies is simulated. Normal ignition of diesel requires environmental conditions to reach 750 K/2.5 MPa, while aviation kerosene needs to reach 800 K/2.0 MPa to achieve stable combustion, which indicates that aviation kerosene has higher requirements for the environment. However, under the rotary engine condition, the atomization quality of aviation kerosene is better than that of diesel, and it has higher combustion, heat release and work capacity and faster flame propagation speed. Therefore, aviation kerosene can be used as the fuel of rotary engine instead of diesel. Especially in Case A3, the peak pressure in the combustion chamber of the aviation kerosene rotary engine reaches 38.89 bar, showing obvious advantages over the diesel rotary engine. In addition, the soot emissions of aviation kerosene engines are significantly lower than those of diesel rotary engines.