bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contradictions between commercializing seeds, empowering smallholders farmers, and promoting biodiversity in Ghana: Seed policy within a historical framework
Authors: Amanor Kojo S.
Published: February 2024

This article critically examines the agricultural development agenda of promoting commercialization and sustainable intensification and contrasts this with farmers’ own priorities, with case studies drawn from the maize and cocoa sectors in Ghana. The study investigates the relationship between agricultural development paradigms, seed breeding strategies, and the commercialization of agriculture from the 1950s to present. It returns to the debates of farming systems research, the appropriation of the agricultural varieties of farmers within the South by Northern agribusiness, and Paul Richards’ framework of an Indigenous African agricultural revolution rooted in the experimental traditions of farmers to establish a critical framework for examining the commodification of seeds. It focuses on the contradictions between maintaining biodiversity, fashioning high-yielding proprietary seeds, and promoting farmer participation that became manifest in the framework of farming systems research. It argues that commercial pressures have prioritized yields and the protection of proprietary varieties over biodiversity in policy frameworks. This contrast with farmers’ own concerns with adapting varieties to the conditions on their farms through their own experimentation, and maintaining a diversity of changing genetic materials including those drawn from certified varieties. This enables farmers to hedge against risk, disease, and pest attacks, while selecting varietal materials that optimize yields in the particular agroecological conditions of their farms. Although social participation is still upheld as an important value in liberal market agrarian policies, there has been a significant transformation in its usage. It no longer denotes farmer participation in the design of and experimentation with technology, but participation in the consumption of the agricultural products of agribusiness or in the agricultural technology treadmill. This contribution examines the implication of smallholder agricultural commercialization for biodiversity and for the dynamism and vitality of local farming systems.
ВИДИ УПРАВЛІНСЬКОГО КОНТРОЛЮ У ЗАКЛАДАХ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: СТОДІЛКО ДАНИЛО-МИХАЙЛО
Published: February 2024

У статті розглянуто види управлінського контролю, розкрито сутність видів управлінського контролю у закладі вищої освіти; доведено процес відстеження ходу виконання прийнятих управлінських рішень і оцінки досягнутих результатів у ході. Встановлено, що  основною причиною необхідності контролю, є невизначеність, що представляє невід’ємний елемент майбутнього і притаманна будь-якому стратегічному рішенню та його реалізації, оскільки прийняття рішення здійснюється на підставі бачення ситуації керівником тієї чи іншої моделі ситуації, що використовується в прийнятті управлінського рішення, яка завжди є частковою.

Обґрунтовано, що надійна система управлінського контролю ґрунтується на ефективному зворотному зв’язку, який особливо проявляється в адекватній реакції на зміни, що відбуваються у зовнішньому середовищі та у процесі реалізації прийнятих управлінських рішень.

З’ясовано, що добре налагоджена система контролю своєчасно виявить проблеми, що виникають, слабкі сторони і загрози, а також ефективна система контролю дозволяє виявити позитивні та сильні сторони, які виникли у здійсненні її діяльності.

Контроль в управлінні ЗВО як одна з основних функцій управління, що забезпечує механізм зворотного зв’язку, дозволяє своєчасно реагувати на небажані відхилення від намічених орієнтирів з метою досягнення поставлених цілей.
Review: Bioactive Paper – A Paper Science Perspective
Authors:   Department of Chemical Engineering JHE-136, McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Pelton Robert
Published: February 2024

This paper reviews the initial developments in a new field we call “bioactive paper”. At the interface between the enormous global biomedical-biotechnology research activities and the small, esoteric world of paper science research, bioactive paper research targets exciting new paper products, improving quality of life world wide. The most exciting potential implementations of bioactive paper involve leading edge concepts in genetic engineering, biochemistry, and microbiology. Current bioactive paper initiatives are summarized herein from a paper technology perspective. Elementary descriptions are given for key biological science aspects, assuming little prior knowledge, and with emphasis on the role of the paper substrate.
Adhesive and Long-range Capillary Forces Between Hydrophobic Surfaces in Water: Effects of Surface Topography
Authors:   YKI, Ytkemiska Institutet AB/Institute for Surface Chemistry, Box 5607, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden, Wallqvist Viveca , Claesson Per M. ,   YKI, Ytkemiska Institutet AB/Institute for Surface Chemistry, Box 5607, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, Swerin Agne ,   YKI, Ytkemiska Institutet AB/Institute for Surface Chemistry, Box 5607, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden, Östlund Catherine ,   Innventia AB, Box 5604, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden, Schoelkopf Joachim ,   Omya Development AG, CH-4665 Oftringen, Switzerland, Gane Patrick A. C. ,   Omya Development AG, CH-4665 Oftringen, Switzerland; Department of Forest Products Technology, Helsinki University of Technology, FI-02015 Helsinki, Finland
Published: February 2024

Interactions between a hydrophobic probe particle and surfaces with nanoscopic surface features have been investigated. Such surfaces were prepared by polishing or by spin-coating of nanoparticles. The surface topography was characterized by AFM, using the methods of high-resolution imaging, low-resolution imaging using the probe particle, and by the rolling ball method. The polished surfaces display sharp nanoscopic peaks and hardly any crevices. In contrast, the spin-coated surfaces can be characterized as nanostructured, due to the high density of nanoparticles that on a short length scale provides a regular pattern of crevices and hills. On all surfaces a larger waviness is also distinguished. In all cases the dominant force at short separations was found to be a capillary attraction due to the formation of an air/vapour condensate. Our data show that the large-scale waviness of the surface does not signiﬁcantly inﬂuence the range and magnitude of the capillary attraction, but large local variations in these quantities are found. The large variation in adhesion force corresponds to a small variation in local contact angle of the capillary condensate at the surfaces. The report discusses how the nature of the surface topographical features inﬂuences the capillary attraction by inﬂuencing the local contact angle and by pinning of the three phase contact line. The effect is clearly dependent on whether the surface features exist in the form of crevices or as extending ridges.
The Structure and Strength of Flocs of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Induced by Various Polymers Used in Papermaking
Authors:   Cascades inc., Recherche et Développement, 471 Marie-Victorin, Kingsey Falls, QC, Canada, J0A 1B0, Gaudreault Roger ,   Pulp & Paper Research Centre, McGill University, 3420 University St., Montreal, QC Canada, H3A 2A7,   Harvard University, Pierce Hall 231, 29 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA, 20138, Di Cesare Nicolas ,   Cascades inc., Recherche et Développement, 471 Marie-Victorin, Kingsey Falls, QC, Canada, J0A 1B0, van de Ven Theo G.M. ,   Pulp & Paper Research Centre, McGill University, 3420 University St., Montreal, QC Canada, H3A 2A7, Weitz David A. ,   Harvard University, Pierce Hall 231, 29 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA, 20138
Published: February 2024

When the percentage of ﬁller is increased in paper, the optical properties are improved and the production cost lowered. However, ﬁllers weaken paper strength by decreasing the ﬁbre-ﬁbre bonded area. Little is known about the optimum ﬁller ﬂoc size or ﬁller ﬂoc properties to allow developing optimum paper characteristics. Consequently, the ﬂoc structure and strength of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) aggregates was studied using various polymers (ﬂocculants and dry strength agents): by static light scattering/diffraction (SLS), real time ﬂuorescent video imaging, image analysis, photometric dispersion analysis (PDA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that PEO/cofactor induced PCC aggregates were weaker at high shear and far more irreversible than those induced by the partially hydrolysed polyvinyl formamide copolymerised with acrylic acid (PVFA/NaAA) or C-starch. Flocs produced at low polymer dosages were smaller and weaker than those produced at higher dosages. The number of discrete PCC particles in aggregates was measured using real time ﬂuorescent video imaging combined with image analysis.
Review: Three-dimensional Structural Analysis
Authors:   G-INP/Pagora/LGP2/CNRS BP 65 F38402 Saint Martin d’Hères, France, Bloch Jean-Francis , Rolland du Roscoat Sabine ,   UJF/3S-R/CNRS, BP 53, F-38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
Published: February 2024

The literature related to the three-dimensional ﬁbre networks is reviewed since 2000. Indeed, a review was presented in these symposia in 2001 [1]. Therefore, the updated articles are only considered here. The previous review concentrated on theory, whereas the focus here is on modern 3D analysis and comparisons of these with theory. Moreover, the focus is on paper structure. However, the general context of 3D structure is considered in the introduction in order to illustrate the main ideas that may be applied to paper. Then, the experimental methods are presented in order to show the potential of such techniques. In a third part, improvements of the description of the 3D structure will be presented. Namely, the quantitative description that completes the visualisation of the structures will be presented. The main 3D morphological properties will be presented and some examples will illustrate the existing developed tools. The Representative Elementary Volume (REV) dedicated to the structure properties will then be introduced. The theoretical models are brieﬂy presented to prove the necessary development of both experimental tools and dedicated theories. Theoretical studies will be exempliﬁed. Indeed, both theoretical and experimental demarches will enrich each other as will be shown. The inﬂuence of both deformation and humidity modiﬁcations on the 3D structure will illustrate the interest of the knowledge of the 3D structure, to tackle its inﬂuence on physical properties. The main perspectives and challenges related to the structure description will end up this presentation.
Drug interactions and drug-food interactions in patients receiving diabetes mellitus treatment
Authors: Duniya Sheneni Victor , Eleojo Shaibu Isaac
Published: February 2024

Drug interaction is the change of a drug's effects by the preceding and/or concurrent administration of a different substance (precipitant drug). Drug interactions may either intensify or weaken the effects that one or both medications are supposed to have. Any drug's therapeutic, preventative, or diagnostic capabilities may change as a result. A major contributing factor to the prevalence and occurrence of adverse medication responses and adverse drug events might be drug interactions. Patients receiving drug combinations or polypharmacy or suffering from co-morbid diseases like diabetes, hypertension, peptic ulcer, fungal infections, and neurodegenerative disorders have a much higher rate of occurrence and incidence of drug interactions. As these patients receive prolonged and multiple treatments, the risk of drug interactions rises. Conclusion: Drug interactions are more likely to occur in diabetes patients who are also getting a mix of medications for diabetic complications. As a result, the frequency of drug interactions is fast increasing. Because of its increasing incidence and the corresponding rise in morbidity and mortality, diabetes mellitus has been regarded as a major public health concern globally. The major goal of this review study is to highlight the different medication interactions that may occur between drugs and foods, as well as to record any unfavorable side effects of other treatments used in conjunction with antidiabetic drugs in diabetic patients.
Chronobiological interactions of stress and disease: contribution to hormonal regulation in the ontopathogenic model
Authors: I Goudochnikov Viktor
Published: February 2024

This mini-review describes interactions of hormonal stress mediators and some age-related disorders in a chronobiological mode. In addition, historical aspects of chronobiology, as well as biorhythmological topics related to development and aging are briefly discussed.
Use of a smartphone ECG monitor to identify electrocardiogram abnormalities due to hyperkalemia from urinary obstruction in a Jacob’s sheep
Authors: S Smith Joe
Published: February 2024

Smartphone-based ECGS present a diagnostic opportunity for large animal practice. A two year old Jacob’s sheep presented with severe hyperkalemia secondary to a urinary obstruction. Collection of an electrocardiogram from a smart-phone based device demonstrated altered waveforms typical of severe hyperkalemia. The patient was successfully managed with medical and surgical therapies. This case presents that the method of collecting a smartphone-based ECG as determined for other large animal species, may be applicable to sheep. Additionally, this report demonstrates that the smartphone-based device may be sensitive enough to detect the absence of a P wave as commonly encountered with cases of hyperkalemia.
Forgotten excavations in Sinai: Al-Qantarah Necropolis (season 1981)
Authors: Mohamed Hussein Hesham , Abd el Samie Mohamed
Published: February 2024

The current report related to the archeological work at Al-Qantarah Sharq necropolis in 1981 (17 May – 2 June), this funerary complex is located about 650 m to the east of Suez Canal, in a pure sand dune area. Due to the expansion of residential buildings of the city, SCA team started the archaeological investigations for a better understanding of the limits of the Greco-Roman necropolis. Since 1910, the archeological investigation started at different parts of the village. Season 1981 revealed different types of burials; these included double-vessel coffins, simple limestone grave, mud-brick lined grave, limestone anthropoid sarcophagi and a limestone tomb with vaulted ceiling and mud-brick shaft. The burials were very poor in conditions and funerary artifacts.
Cognitive screenings in otolaryngology? The time has come
Authors: Beck Douglas L , J Grisel Jedidiah
Published: February 2024

The demographics and communicative disorders which traverse aging, neurocognitive disorders and auditory problems are staggering. Lancet Public Health1 estimates 57 million people globally with dementia in 2019 and by 2050 there will be 153 million cases. People seek counsel from hearing care professionals (HCPs) because of complaints and observations such as they cannot understand speech-in-noise (SIN), and/or they are not sure what someone just said, and/or they cannot recall the details of a recent conversation. For many, the complaints and observations of hearing and listening disorders are the same as, and may overlap with complaints and observations of, mild cognitive impairment and other neurocognitive disorders. In this article we review the current knowledge related to cognition and audition; we explore the practical reasons for incorporating cognitive screening into otolaryngology clinics, with specific regard to patients with hearing and listening problems. We review and explore auditory and cognitive disorders and we specify that these are not silos. That is, they may (and often do) occur in-isolation or in-tandem. We will review multiple studies which demonstrate that for some people, some of the time, early detection of neurocognitive anomalies may help facilitate an improved cognitive trajectory via hearing aid amplification, cochlear implantation, and through attending to modifiable risk factors.
Populist orientations of Ukrainians during a full-scale war
Authors: Reznik Oleksandr
Published: February 2024

The article analyzes the populist attitudes in a society that has experienced full-scale external aggression under the conditions of populist rule and the “rally around the flag” effect. Typically, in countries where populists are in power, there is a decline in anti-elitist sentiment and a rise in support for anti-democratic orientations. However, after the landslide victory of populists in Ukraine in 2019 and even during the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war, citizens demonstrated an increased level of support for populist ideas. In particular, most Ukrainians agree with populist ideas of people-centrism. Public opinion is still dominated by anti-establishment and anti-elitist orientations, despite national unity during the war and support for the current government. On the other hand, while advocating the absolute primacy of popular sovereignty, citizens are divided on whether they want to be represented in politics by an ordinary citizen rather than an experienced politician. Moreover, most Ukrainians do not agree with the expediency of violating the law to achieve a political result. Support for populism in Ukraine is concentrated primarily among economically disadvantaged people living in small towns, less educated, older people, and those with financial problems. At the same time, the populist orientations of Ukrainians during the war were not determined by regional or ethnolinguistic distinctions.
Inappropriate Use of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters in Pediatrics: A Multisite Study
Authors: Burek Alina G. , Davis Mary Beth , Pechous Brittany , Shaughnessy Erin E. , Meier Katie A. , Mooney Sarah , Woodruff Dana , Bruner Meaghan , Piper Laura , Liegl Melodee , Pan Amy , Brousseau David C. , Ullman Amanda J.
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to describe how the current practice of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) use in hospitalized children aligns with the Michigan Appropriateness Guide for Intravenous Catheters (miniMAGIC) in Children recommendations, explore variation across sites, and describe the population of children who do not receive appropriate PICCs.

METHODS

A retrospective study was conducted at 4 children’s hospitals in the United States. Children with PICCs placed January 2019 to December 2021 were included. Patients in the NICU were excluded. PICCs were categorized using the miniMAGIC in Children classification as inappropriate, uncertain appropriateness and appropriate.

RESULTS

Of the 6051 PICCs identified, 9% (n = 550) were categorized as inappropriate, 9% (n = 550) as uncertain appropriateness, and 82% (n = 4951) as appropriate. The number of PICCs trended down over time, but up to 20% of PICCs each year were not appropriate, with significant variation between sites. Within inappropriate or uncertain appropriateness PICCs (n = 1100 PICC in 1079 children), median (interquartile range) patient age was 4 (0–11) years, 54% were male, and the main reason for PICC placement was prolonged antibiotic course (56%, n = 611). The most common admitting services requesting the inappropriate/uncertain appropriateness PICCs were critical care 24%, general pediatrics 22%, and pulmonary 20%. Complications resulting in PICC removal were identified in 6% (n = 70) of inappropriate/uncertain PICCs. The most common complications were dislodgement (3%) and occlusion (2%), with infection and thrombosis rates of 1% (n = 10 and n = 13, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

Although the majority of PICCs met appropriateness criteria, a substantial proportion of PICCs were deemed inappropriate or of uncertain appropriateness, illustrating an opportunity for quality improvement.
Privateering, Slavery, and Resistance: Afro-Spaniards from the Greater Caribbean in Colonial North America
Authors: Peña Beatriz Carolina
Published: February 2024

Drawing on eighteenth-century newspaper records from New York, Boston and Philadelphia, in addition to archival sources from New York, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, this study interrelates Spanish and English privateering in the Greater Caribbean and along North America’s Atlantic Coast with the unfortunate phenomenon of the enslavement of African-descendant and Indigenous sailors from the Spanish territories in the British colonies. It focuses on group escape attempts as one strategy employed by Spanish-speaking enslaved people to achieve freedom.
Research Slices
Authors: Rees Lewis Daniel , Easterday Matthew , Riesbeck Christopher
Published: February 2024

Educational Design Research (EDeR) methodologists argue that iteration is a core component of EDeR. Iteration is currently defined as a process of gathering more information through actions, such as testing, and using that information to improve the design. In this paper, we seek to tighten the definition of iteration to help EDeR teams conduct iterations more effectively. We argue that EDeR teams should organize their research in slices that deliver small but real value to end users while informing the design research. EDeR should pick slices that are: (a) minimal and focused, (b) deployed in a real context, (c) valuable to the end users, and (d) informative to the research. Slicing helps EDeR teams increase ecological validity when they test because it allows testing which is within real-world educational contexts or with the stakeholders who will use and be impacted by the design. Increasing ecological validity of testing is particularly important because EDeR projects tackle highly complex real-world problems with many unknown elements and relational complexity—this means it is challenging to predict what designs will have the desired impact without real-world deployment. Effective iteration through organizing research in slices helps EDeR teams to better support stakeholder goals, develop more impactful theory, and have greater and earlier impact upon education.
How to align objectives of practitioners and scientists in DBR projects?
Authors: Euler Dieter
Published: February 2024

The interaction of scientists and practitioners is an essential component within Design-Based Research. Their close collaboration is assumed to hold the potential to increase the quality of both the innovative solution of educational problems and the generation of scientific knowledge. At the same time, there are some challenges associated with realizing this potential. This paper explores the opportunities and challenges of collaboration between researchers and practitioners in DBR projects. After a broader description of the problem situation, an in-depth discussion of the interests, perspectives, and frame conditions of the project actors from science and practice takes place using the example of the determination of project goals. The paper ends with the recommendation of design principles for the cooperation of scientists and practitioners.
Is this systematic enough? Systematicity and openness in the implementation phase of DBR
Authors: Introna Silvia
Published: February 2024

Within Design Based Research (DBR), designing and implementing an intervention in order to improve an educational practice become part of the research process. This represents a unique feature of DBR. Though the innovative nature of DBR raises questions that have not yet been answered. This paper focuses on the extent to which systematicity, as principle of scientific research, and openness, as essential prerequisite of teaching practice, can be both fulfilled within the implementation phase of DBR studies. By presenting an investigation in the field of German as a foreign language I will offer an example of the challenges that researchers face regarding the tension between systematicity and openness. Besides the discussion about DBR standards, the aim of this paper is to delineate concrete requirements for the further development of this research approach. Guidelines helping researchers to use DBR appropriately represent an important step which could clarify still controversial aspects of DBR and also lead to an increase in its use. In this paper, I suggest that concepts discussed within the implementation research, like for instance Fidelity of Implementation, can help to develop such guidelines.
Clinical observation of teratoma of the brain of a newborn
Authors:   KNP Perinatal Center of Kyiv, Ukraine, Bila V.V. ,   Institute of Postgraduate Education of Bogоmolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Govsieiev D.O. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Tyshkevich V.M. ,   KNP Perinatal Center of Kyiv, Ukraine, Vapelnik S.M. ,   Municipal Non-Profit Enterprise Kyiv City Maternity Hospital No. 5, Ukraine, Hliebova-Obodovska S.V. ,   KNP Perinatal Center of Kyiv, Ukraine, Zahorodnya O.S. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: February 2024

A congenital brain tumor is a tumor detected before birth or during the first two months of life. The frequency of congenital brain tumors is extremely low - 0.34 per 1 million newborns, and no more than 1.5% of all neoplasms of the central nervous system in children, but the rapid growth of the tumor and the destruction of normal brain tissue give them a fatal prognosis. Purpose - to expand knowledge on the possibilities of antenatal diagnosis and the features of the management of the early neonatal period of congenital mіalformations based on the clinical observation of fetal brain teratoma. An overview of literature sources is provided on the prevalence of pathology, histological structure (teratomas, neuroepithelial and mesenchymal tumors), features of the clinical course that distinguish them from childhood tumors - mainly supratentorial localization, lack of growth restriction due to the mobility of the bones of the skull, prognosis and tactics of pregnancy and childbirth . Ultrasound examination is the main method of diagnosis of brain tumors, which are visualized in the form of a solid or cystic calcified formation or not, and manifestations of hypervascularization can also be absent or present. The features of the structure and development of the teratoma, which contains cells of all 3 germ layers and has properties of rapid destructive growth, are also described. Hydrocephalus accompanying congenital brain tumors can be caused both by compression of the ventricular system and intracranial hemorrhages. Thanks to modern diagnostic capabilities, most cases are detected in terms of possible termination of pregnancy, in the case of childbirth with such a pathology, in 60% of cases, a cesarean section is used. The given clinical case shows the possibilities of antenatal diagnosis of a brain tumor and even clearly establishing the depth of the lesion, at the same time as the lack of treatment options. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Royal Chelsea Buns
Authors: Boermans Mary-Anne
Published: February 2024

This article looks at the history of the Chelsea Bun, providing their social history, recipe history and recipes.
William Sitwell: A History of Food in 100 Recipes
Authors: Jones Marilyn
Published: February 2024

William Sitwell: A History of Food in 100 Recipes: Collins, 2012: 352 pp., hardback, £20.00.
Salma Hage: The Lebanese Kitchen
Authors: Saberi Helen
Published: February 2024

Salma Hage: The Lebanese Kitchen: Phaidon, 2012: 512 pp., hardback, £29.95.
Judith M. Spicksley: The Business and Household Accounts of Joyce Jeffreys Spinster of Hereford 1638–1648
Authors: Clark Letitia
Published: February 2024

Judith M. Spicksley: The Business and Household Accounts of Joyce Jeffreys Spinster of Hereford 1638–1648: Records of Society and Economic History New Series 41, British Academy, 2012, 414 pp., hardback, £85.50.
Błogosławiona Regina Protmann córka Warmii i założycielka sióstr katarzynek
Authors: Bruździński Andrzej
Published: February 2024

Artykuł przedstawia życie i działalność błogosławionej Reginy Protmann.
Augusta Czartoryskiego wytrwałość w rozeznawaniu zamiarów Boga
Authors: Szczurowski Rafał
Published: February 2024

Artykuł przedstawia życie i dokonania błogosławionego Augusta Czartoryskiego.
The Trinitarian Iconography
Authors: Witko Andrzej
Published: February 2024

The Trinitarian Order, Ordo Sanctissimae Trinitatis de Redemptione Captivorum, was founded by St. John de Matha (d. 1213) with the participation of St. Felix de Valois (d. 1212). The first abode was located in Cerfroid, in the diocese of Meaux in France. Pope Innocent III approved the Order in his bull Operante divine dispositionis of December 17, 1198 and ratified the Rule written by St. John de Matha who described the aim of the Trinitarian mission as ransoming captives from pagans as well as providing hospital care to the sick and the poor.
ANNIVERSARIES AND MEMORABLE DATES OF THE HISTORY OF PEDIATRICS IN 2024
Authors: Егорышева И. В. , Шерстнева Е. В. , Сточик А. А.
Published: February 2024

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IX ANNUAL ALL-RUSSIAN CONFERENCE OF STUDENTS AND YOUNG SCIENTISTS "PEDIATRIC READINGS"
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: February 2024

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Prospecção tecnológica de patentes relacionadas ao monitoramento de acidentes por quedas em hospitais
Authors: Alves Renata Camargo , Colichi Rosana Maria Barreto , Lima Silvana Andrea Molina
Published: February 2024

RESUMO Objetivos: mapear a produção de tecnologias voltadas para monitoramento de quedas em ambiente hospitalar protegidas por patentes registradas. Métodos: prospecção tecnológica de patentes internacionais, com abordagem quantitativa, com busca realizada entre fevereiro e março de 2022 na base Derwent Innovations Index com os descritores fall, hospital, monitoring. Resultados: foram encontradas 212 patentes, com maioria depositada e publicada a partir de 2010, por Tran B (9) e Cerner Innovation Inc (9), focadas em tecnologia em saúde. As universidades foram responsáveis por 13% dos depósitos. Houve predomínio de registros dos Estados Unidos (43,4%), da China (21,7%) e Japão (12,3%), além de estratégias tecnológicas classificadas como dispositivos para ambiente (80,7%) e para prevenção de quedas (66,5%), bem como a tendência de recursos com múltiplas funcionalidades em uma mesma tecnologia. Conclusões: a pluralidade de funções em um mesmo dispositivo reflete a busca pela otimização dos recursos e a preocupação com a integralidade do cuidado.
Evaluation of varieties and hybrid selections of mango in the brazilian semi-arid region
Authors: Matos Filho Carlos Humberto Aires , Carvalho Júnior José Eduardo Vasconcelos de , Lima Maria Auxiliadora Coelho de , Lopes Ângela Celis de Almeida , Gomes Regina Lucia Ferreira , Lima Neto Francisco Pinheiro
Published: February 2024

Abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and select superior mango genotypes using the mixed-models approach. The 16 genotypes, varieties and hybrid selections, were evaluated regarding physical and physical-chemical traits of the fruit using the REML/BLUP methodology. Mango fruit weight and pulp weight can be selected indirectly based on fruit length and diameter, which are more easily evaluated. The hybrids CPAC 26394, Lita, and Rosa 46 stand out in regard to fruit size. The genotypes R12P09, CPAC 2293, Roxa, Omega, Alfa, and Lita have better quality fruit than the Tommy Atkins variety that is widely used in commercial orchards. The Roxa variety has pulp with little or no fiber, a trait that is of great importance to consumers and for industrial processing. The genotypes Alfa, CPAC 5895, Ômega, R10P08, R12P09, R13P10, Rosa 2, Rosa 36, and Rosa 46 have pulp free of internal breakdown. The varieties and hybrid selections of mango show variability regarding fruit traits, and the REML/BLUP methodology is efficient for selection of genotypes with desirable fruit traits in mango.
Phenological cycle and thermal accumulation in the genotypes of sweet orange in Southern Brazil
Authors: Schneider Leonardo André , Gonzatto Mateus Pereira , Boettcher Gerson Nestor , Griebeler Sabrina Raquel , Munhoz Bruno de Oliveira , Schwarz Sergio Francisco
Published: February 2024

Abstract The aim of this work was to study the phenology of several sweet orange cultivars and their relationship with the accumulated degree-day (ADD), under the conditions of the Depressão Central of Rio Grande do Sul, in Southern Brazil. For this, 25 genotypes were evaluated for three consecutive growing seasons between 2015 and 2018. The experiment was carried out in a Citrus Collection located in municipality of Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil. The ADD was calculated for each interval between the phenological stages, as well as for the entire cycle. The first one, swelling of the buds, was concentrated between mid-July and early August. Sprouting in winter increased the risk of frost damage. Full bloom occurred between August 28 and September 22, when the orange trees ‘Cabula’, ‘Rubi’, ‘Lima Verde’ and ‘Folha Murcha’ were the first to bloom and ‘Sanguinea’, ‘Salustiana’, ‘Midknight’ and ‘Jaffa’ the last. The last stage evaluated, the skin color change of the fruits, occurred between the beginning of April and the end of May, with 2,306.4 to 2,619.4 ADD, since the beginning of sprouting. The orange trees showed different behavior when compared between genotypes and between years. Two groups of cultivars were defined: early and late.
Economic analysis of the harvest date effects on quality and productivity of ‘Fuji Suprema’ apples
Authors: Argenta Luiz Carlos , Anese Rogerio de Oliveira , Thewes Fabio Rodrigo , Vieira Marcelo José , Alvarenga Tiago Henrique de Paula , Freitas Sérgio Tonetto de , Argenta Luiza Helena Machado
Published: February 2024

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the effect of harvest date on ‘Fuji Suprema’ apple quality, productivity, and economic profitability at harvest and after storage. Apples were harvested at the beginning of the commercial harvest window (H1), ten days after H1 (H2), and 22 days after H1 (H3) in the 2008 and 2009 growing seasons. A total of six samples with ~400 kg of fruit (~2,900 apples) each were picked at each growing season and harvest date, which were assessed at harvest (six subsamples of 100 fruit) and after 250 days of controlled atmosphere storage at 0.8 °C. The economic analysis considered fixed and variable production costs in the orchard and postharvest practices and the productivity of packaged apples (pack-out). Early harvested (H1) apples had greater flesh firmness, acidity, and lower soluble solids content than late-harvested apples (H3), both at harvest and after storage. Delaying harvest by 22 days increased the production by 10.2% due to increased fruit size but reduced the production by 3.6% due to severe sunburn and pre-harvest decay incidence. Late harvest also increased production losses due to decay by 4.4% and 10.9% during storage and shelf, respectively, but reduced production losses due to superficial scald by 17.1 to 22.7%. The net revenue (R$ ha-1) is higher for apples harvested late (H3, flesh firmness of 15.6 lb and starch index of 7.1) than for apples harvested early (H1 and H2) when the fruit is marketed soon after harvest (between April and May). However, for apples marketed after long-term storage, economic profitability is maximum when harvested at an intermediate maturity stage (H2, flesh firmness of 16.4 lb and starch index of 6).
Sodium intake according to NOVA food classification in Brazil: trends from 2002 to 2018
Authors: Nilson Eduardo Augusto Fernandes , Andrade Giovanna Calixto , Claro Rafael Moreira , Louzada Maria Laura da Costa , Levy Renata Bertazzi
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Excessive sodium intake is a major global public health issue and the identification of dietary sources and temporal trends in its consumption are a key to effective sodium reduction policies. This study aims to update estimates of sodium intake and its dietary sources in Brazil according to the NOVA food classification system. Records of 7-day food purchases of households from the Brazilian Household Budgets Survey of 2002-2003, 2008-2009, and 2017-2018 were converted into nutrients using food composition tables and the mean availability was estimated per 2,000kcal/day. Mean daily sodium available for consumption in Brazilian households has increased from 3.9 to 4.7g per 2,000kcal, from 2002-2003 to 2017-2018, over twice the recommended levels of sodium intake. From 2002-2003 to 2017-2018, the processed culinary ingredients, including table salt, represented the largest dietary source of sodium, although their participation in dietary sodium was reduced by 17% (66.6% to 55%), while the percentage of dietary sodium from processed foods increased by 20.3% and from ultra-processed foods increased by 47.6% (11.3% to 13.6% and 17% to 25.1%, respectively). In conclusion, the total household sodium availability remains high and has increased over time in Brazil, yet the participation of different dietary sources of sodium have gradually changed.
Remote activities of cognitive stimulation for older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review
Authors: Madeira Etiene Souza , Souza Priscilla Alfradique de , Amaral Anderson
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Cognitive stimulation activities for older adults are generally carried out in face-to-face workshops. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, these activities and consultations became remote due to social isolation, enabling care to continue safely. This study aims to analyze the remote cognitive stimulation and/or telerehabilitation activities for older people that were carried out as an intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a systematic review study with five selected articles, conducted according to the PRISMA statement methodology. Among the main results, the feasibility and acceptance of remote cognitive stimulation activities using technologies during the pandemic stand out, reflecting on future and expanded use for different realities and cultures. the studies reviewed also indicate the stabilization and improvement of the cognitive state and of depressive and anxious feelings, as well as the maintenance of independence of these participants, with an increase in scores on scales applied before and after the interventions. In conclusion, the activities carried out in cognitive stimulation and/or telerehabilitation therapies for older adults as an intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic had an average of 47 participants; the technologies used for the activities were tablet and personal computer; pre-installed programs were the most used strategy; and the interventions lasted from 1 to 3 months, with activities 2 to 3 times per week. The reinvention of techniques aimed at stimulating and rehabilitating the cognitive health of the older adults, via technologies as a strategy to replace or complement face-to-face activities, promotes the cognitive and mental health and independence of the older population.
Level function levels and oxidative stress markers in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Sales C. A. , Pinto-Silva M. C. F. , Bardález-Rivera J. G. , Abreu-Alberio C. A. , Sena L. W. P. , Vieira J. L. F.
Published: February 2024

Abstract This study aimed to correlate the values of liver markers with oxidative stress markers in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 30 patients from the Tuberculosis clinic of a referral hospital were admitted to the study. Whole blood samples were collected for analysis of liver enzyme values and oxidative stress markers by spectrophotometry. The prevalence was male (60%) and the 18-29 age group was the most affected. Patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis presented catalase values with a median equal to 6.94 U/gHb and for glutathione, the median was equal to 14.76 µg∕ml. As for the values of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, Gamma-GT and Alkaline phosphatase) the patients had medians equal to 60.50 (U/L); 80 (U/L); 54 (U/L); and 100 (U/L) respectively (p<0.0001). The results suggest a hepatotoxic effect of the drug, which recommends further studies with a larger number of samples in order to investigate the predictors of liver damage in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
Population dynamics of Achatina fulica in a peri-urban area adjacent to the Fiocruz Atlantic Forest Biological Station (EFMA), in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with report on Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection
Authors: Rangel F. C. S. , Gomes S. R. , Silva G. M. , Sousa A. K. P. , de-Souza J. Ramos , Thiengo S. C.
Published: February 2024

Abstract Achatina fulica is a species native to East Africa, considered one of the 100 worst invasive alien species in the world. The present study investigated the population of the snail, A. fulica, in a peri-urban area adjacent to the Fiocruz Atlantic Forest Biological Station (EFMA), in Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, focusing on population dynamics and the nematodes associated with this species. To this end, specimens were collected during four climatic seasons of the years 2021 and 2022 in three fixed 20 m × 10 m plots. The abundance of A. fulica in these areas was evaluated in relation to a set of environmental variables (temperature, relative humidity air, and soil pH and calcium). The abundance of snails infected by nematodes was also evaluated in relation to the season and body size of the specimens. The molluscs were found by active search, and standardized (15 minutes/three collections). Nematode larvae were extracted from the specimens by artificial digestion and identified by their external morphology and the sequencing of molecular markers. A total of 280 specimens of A. fulica were collected, with the highest abundances being recorded in the autumn and summer, although no significant relationship was found between the number of specimens collected and the environmental variables. Overall, 192 snails were infected by nematodes: Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Cruzia tentaculata and free-living nematodes, including Caenorhabditis briggsae. These findings demonstrate the epidemiological importance of the study area and the need to implement educational measures in the community, with the aim of controlling the local A. fulica population, thereby minimizing the risk of parasitic infection in the local human population.
Spatial analysis of the risk for canine visceral leishmaniasis in an urban area in the State of Sergipe
Authors: Santos N. A. F. , Silva-Junior F. F. , Silva F. B. R. , Tosta C. D. , Moura K. D. , Jeraldo V. L. S. , Madi R. R. , Pinto M. C. , Melo C. M.
Published: February 2024

Abstract Visceral Leishmaniasis is included among the neglected tropical diseases, being directly related to conditions of social vulnerability, in urban environments, dogs act as important reservoirs. The aim of the study was to evaluate the distribution of dogs, related risk factors and identify of volatile organic compounds from infected dogs. Peripheral blood samples from 72 dogs were collected for detection using the ELISA test, in addition to hair samples for analysis by GC-MS. Of the evaluated dogs, 13 (18.05%/72) were reactive for canine VL, seven in Aracaju and six in Propriá. Factors related to vegetation, age, place where the dog stays and free access to the street, were associated with a greater chance of the dog becoming infected. Fifty-three compounds were identified from ten canine hair samples, among which 2-butoxyethanol, benzaldehyde, decane, 2-phenylacetaldehyde, nonan-1-ol, 2-phenoxyethanol, nonanoic acid, 8-heptadecene and eicosane were found in seropositive dogs for leishmaniasis. The guardian's posture has been increasingly important, requiring more attention to the dog's health and actions aimed at environmental management in an attempt to reduce cases of canine VL in the state. Even though the identified VOCs have not been associated with leishmanial infection, it is of great use for understanding canine hair substances.
Quantification of the liver structure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) submitted to different diets and physical exercise
Authors: Mendes G. P. , Silva P. H. S. , Gonçalves P. V. P. , Lima E. M. M. , Barreto-Vianna A. R. C.
Published: February 2024

Abstract The zebrafish has been used in research for over 80 years. In the last three decades, discoveries about the fundamental properties of development, regeneration, cancer, and other diseases have established the zebrafish as an important model organism in biomedical research. This study aimed to evaluate liver alterations in zebrafish by quantitatively assessing the areas occupied by hepatocytes, as well as connective and adipose tissues. Forty-eight adult Danio rerio (38 males and 10 females) of approximately 13 months of age were used. They were divided into four groups, with 12 animals each. The fish were randomly distributed to form the groups, which received a maintenance and/or hypercaloric diet, with or without the addition of physical exercise. The animals underwent six hours of forced exercise (5 cm/s) for thirteen weeks. The animals that practiced physical exercise had a higher volumetric density of the area occupied by hepatocytes (65.92%±1.81 - GMex and 50.75%±2.24 GHex) among the groups. The GH group had a higher volumetric density of the area occupied by connective tissue (15.12%±0.72), followed by the GHex group (13.53%±1.43). Regarding the volumetric density of the area occupied by adipose tissue, the GH group had a higher density (27.21%±1.36), followed by the GHex group (21.66%±1.11) with statistically significant differences. The GMex had a volumetric density of the area occupied by adipose tissue of 3.5%±0.76, while the GM had 5.7%±0.5, with statistical difference. In relation to the animals in the GHex group, they had 20.39% less fat than the animals in the GH group. The animals in the GMex group had 72.47% less fat than those in the GM group. It is concluded that the different dietary constitutions and the imposition of physical exercise were able to modify the structural architecture of the liver of Danio rerio. These are acceptable criteria for modulations, thus aiming at the control and possible interferences directly related to the metabolism of the species and therefore the control of diseases.
Impacts of chitosan and its nanoformulations on the metabolic syndromes: a review
Authors: Abd El‐Hack M. E. , Kamal M. , Alazragi R. S. , Alreemi R. M. , Qadhi A. , Ghafouri K. , Azhar W. , Shakoori A. M. , Alsaffar N. , Naffadi H. M. , Taha A. E. , Abdelnour S. A.
Published: February 2024

Abstract A significant public health issue worldwide is metabolic syndrome, a cluster of metabolic illnesses that comprises insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. The creation of natural treatments and preventions for metabolic syndrome is crucial. Chitosan, along with its nanoformulations, is an oligomer of chitin, the second-most prevalent polymer in nature, which is created via deacetylation. Due to its plentiful biological actions in recent years, chitosan and its nanoformulations have drawn much interest. Recently, the chitosan nanoparticle-based delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 has been applied in treating metabolic syndromes. The benefits of chitosan and its nanoformulations on insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension will be outlined in the present review, highlighting potential mechanisms for the avoidance and medication of the metabolic syndromes by chitosan and its nanoformulations.