bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BONE MARROW OF TUBULAR BONES IN THE ONCOLOGICAL PROCESS
Authors: NIKOLAEVA Liudmila
Published: August 2021

The cause of cancer in patients remains a mystery. Various theories and assumptions do not give confidence in understanding the cancer process. Until the etiology of cancer is studied, we will not be able to move forward despite the development of pharmaceutical technologies and innovative treatments. To solve this problem, it is intended to use all data related to cancer development, even if they have no obvious link to the disease. Even when a cancer cell appears and starts creating its pool of altered cancer cells we don't know. Doctors diagnose cancer, when the tumor reaches certain sizes and disorders the function of the organ. The number of cancer cells increases very quickly. The factors that accelerate this reproduction of cancer cells are many, which means that we still do not see the true cause. The cancer cell retains the features of the original cell to varying degrees from pronounced similarity to almost complete loss of healthy cell properties. The more the foreign cell is altered, the faster it grows and the prognosis for the patient is deteriorated. The most worrying thing is that the incidence of cancer is increasing, which means the cause is not found. Cancer deaths remain high. This article discusses the case of a patient having a limb amputated for cancer (foot skin cancer). During a 10- year study of bone marrow from the femur, for the first time, bone marrow was obtained from the femur of a patient with cancer. The findings could help researchers and doctors better understand the cancer process and look at the problem differently.
MAGNETRON SPUTTERED NANOCRYSTALLINE TiN THIN FILMS AND CORROSION PROPERTIES
Authors: HAMIL Muslim Idan , KHALAF Mohammed K. , AL-SHAKBAN Mundher
Published: August 2021

In this report, TiN nanocrystalline thin films were deposited on glass and Ti-6Al-4V substrates using a DC-magnetron sputtering technique. The TiN films were sputtered using a pure Ti target (99.9%) with 40W of power in Ar/N2 gas mixture atmosphere. The structure of the TiN films was characterized by X-Ray diffraction, as prepared films exhibited a (200) preferred orientation, while film annealed at 500 °C shows the (111), (200) and (311). Polycrystalline, cubic, (111)-orientated TiN films were produced by annealing temperature of 500 °C. The effect of deposited temperature on the microstructural morphologies of the thin films was studied by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). The particle size of the sputtered TiN films ranged from 50 to 70 nm and was strongly influenced by annealing temperatures, the morphology of the films deposited before and after annealing has a characteristic agglomeration of particles. Potentiodynamic polarization analysis of the TiN films confirms the inverse relationship between polarization resistance and corrosion current. The biocorrosion measurements for TiN films deposited on the Ti-6Al-4V substrate in 3.5% NaCl solution have also been obtained. Clear improvement in the corrosion resistance was observed rather than for untreated, especially for thermally annealed (500 oC) TiN/Ti-6Al-4V samples. The corrosion rate was 0.1458 mm/y for the uncoated sample, while 2.68510-4 mm/y for TiN/Ti-6Al-4V in samples after annealing. The average corrosion potential calculated was - 0.117 V. The results confirmed that coated alloys with 500 °C thermally treated exhibited a better electrochemical behavior compare with uncoated and non-thermally treated alloys possibly due to the better cohesion degree of the coatings.
DGAT1 GENE POLYMORPHISM AND ITS RELATIONSHIPS WITH CATTLE MILK YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Authors: FARAJ Salah H. , AYIED Asaad Y. , SEGER D. K.
Published: August 2021

Several polymorphisms in different gene loci have been noted to affect production traits such as milk yield and milk composition. The present study aimed to determine the allelic and genotypic frequency of the DGAT1 gene and evaluate the associations between DGAT1 genetic variants and milk yield and its chemical composition of local Iraqi cattle. Blood samples from 100 cows were obtained for DNA isolation. The primer used in this study amplified 411-bp fragments at exon 8 of the DGAT1 gene. DNA sequencing methods were applied to detect single nucleotide polymorphism of the DGAT1 gene in 100 cows. The nucleotide sequences of exon 8 of the DGAT1 gene were registered for local Iraqi cattle in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ), and the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) under the following accession numbers (LC492073 and LC492074). The results showed the presence of two polymorphic sites leading to the construction of 2 different haplotypes in the cow. Haplotype diversity was 0.536, while nucleotide diversity was 0.0031. Two single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci of the DGAT1 gene were detected, namely A10433G (A/G) and A10434C (A/C). The resulting of this mutation changes lysine to alanine substitution at position 232 (A232K mutation) of amino acid sequence. Geneious software V. 2020.0.4 was used to detect genotypes of the DGAT1 gene, as the sequence alignment showed the presence of three genotypes. The genotypic frequencies of KK, KA, and AA were 0.40, 0.30, and 0.30, respectively. Frequencies of K and A alleles were 0.60 and 0.40, respectively. The KK genotype was significantly (P 0.05) associated with higher fat yield. Therefore, the DGAT1 gene could serve as a genetic marker for the selection of fat yield in cows.
THE EXTRACT OF PUMPKIN SEEDS AS A CORROSION INHIBITOR OF MILD STEEL ALLOY IN ACIDIC SOLUTION
Authors: JASIM Ekhlas Qanber , ALASADI Erfan A. , MOHAMMAD-ALI Munther Abduljaleel
Published: August 2021

The problem of corrosion in factories and vital installations remains one of the most important obstacles that delay the progress of production and the increasing of its quantity. To solve the problem of corrosion, many inorganic and organic inhibitors have been used. Recently, inhibitors made from plant extracts, cheaper and environmentally friendly, were used. The inhibition of pumpkin seed extract on the corrosion mild steel alloy in the acidic medium was investigated using spectroscopy of the electrochemical impedance, Electrochemical technique and mass losing method with a static environmental aqueous acidic solution. Effect of inhibitor concentrations (10-50 mg/L) and immersion time (1–5 h) was studied on the inhibition efficiency (η%) of the extract on Mild Steel (MS) immersed in a 0.5 M HCl solution. All techniques showed very good matching results in the inhibition coefficient values. The optimum η% was in the range 71-76% depending on the method used. The optimum time was 5 hours. Tafel curves results showed a clear view of the extract behavior, which acts as a mixed-type inhibitor. Furthermore, the atomic force microscopy test was applied for studying surface morphology of alloy. From the foregoing, the pumpkin plant extract can be of great benefit in inhibiting corrosion in the industry.
IMPLEMENTATION OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING MODEL TO INCREASE SELF-CONFIDENCE AND UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS UNDERSTANDING OF THE ELECTROCHEMISTRY CONCEPT IN CHEMICAL EDUCATION
Authors: RUDIBYANI Ratu Betta
Published: August 2021

Chemistry is one of the scientific disciplines considered difficult for students to understand its microscopic and macroscopic concepts. Students also claim that this discipline is tedious and complicated. They are unable to connect what is shown in the visual structure to the process and phenomenon. In the context of self-motivation among university students, there is a higher chance of expanding the stimulation of learning. This study aimed to improve self-confidence and the mastery of concepts of chemistry teaching students using problem-based learning. The quasi-experimental method was used with the design of the non-equivalent pre-test-post-test control group. The population included all students in the electrochemistry class at Lampung University in 2019. The purposeful sampling technique employed divided the sample into two groups. The first group was called Class A and was considered as the experimental class - using problem-based learning -. The second group, Class B, was recognized as the control class - using the conventional model in which the teacher applied the speech method in the delivery of materials during the class -. Class A's self-confidence and mastery of concepts have a higher nGain value than class B, and the result of the effect size is that class B has a more significant effect than class A. Based on the outcome, one can conclude that problem-based learning has a significant influence on improving self-confidence and mastery of concepts on the electrochemical theme.
HEAVY METALS POLLUTION OF WHEAT FIELDS (SOIL AND LEAVES) SAMPLED FROM BASRAH AND MAYSAN PROVINCES
Authors: MADHI Qusai Hattab , ABASS Mohammed Hamza , MATROOD Abdulnabi Abdul Ameer
Published: August 2021

This study was conducted to estimate the level of some heavy metals, mainly Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) in the soil and wheat leaves of some wheat fields in Basra and Maysan province; the sampling areas were Al-Qurna, Al-Madinah, Al-Amara, Kumit, Ali Al-Sharqi, and Ali Al-Gharbi. It was performed the analysis using the Flame Atomic Spectrophotometer. The results indicated an increase in the concentrations of above mentioned these heavy metals in all examined areas; the levels in agricultural soils were found to be exceeding the internationally permissible limits according to EU-2000 standards, the highest levels of pollution were observed at Al- Qurna site with significant differences than other sites for both available and total HMs concentrations in soils. Indicating that the arrangement of the metals according to their available concentrations in the analyzed soil was as follows: lead (21.32 )˃ cobalt (14.63) ˃ chromium (11.06) ˃ cadmium (1.15) as mg/Kg of soil. Additionally, results showed that the highest lead content in the wheat leaves was examined in the Qurna fields (0.175 mg/kg), followed by Amara with a concentration of 0.136 mg/kg. The lowest concentration of lead was observed in wheat leaves in the Kumit fields (0.007 mg/kg). In terms of Cd concentration in wheat leaves, the highest level was observed in Al-Qurna, with a significant difference from other fields, reaching 0.009 mg/kg. The lowest concentration of this HM was recorded in Ali Al-Gharbi, which reached 0.002 mg/kg. The results of the correlation between the available concentration of heavy metals elements and soil characteristics revealed a significant correlation between the soil pH and lead, cadmium, and chromium available concentrations, whereas no correlation with cobalt and a significant correlation between soil EC and lead was observed and a highly significant negative correlation with the cobalt. Results proved the high levels of pollution in all examined areas in Basra and Maysan provinces.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IMMUNOTHERAPY USING AN AUTOLOGOUS COMPLEX OF IMMUNOPEPTIDES IN THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PERIODONTITIS
Authors: SEVBITOV Andrei , DAVIDYANTS Alla , BALYKIN Roman , TIMOSHIN Anton , KUZNETSOVA Mariya
Published: August 2021

Periodontal disease in the adult population is one of the most pressing problems of dentistry around the world. Thanks to the introduction of modern technologies in practice, it was possible to identify the main mechanisms of the development of this disease at the molecular and genetic level. The interaction of periodontal pathogens with immune factors of antimicrobial protection of the body is the basis of periodontal tissue inflammation and further leads to the destruction of the alveolar bone. Epithelial cells of the gum mucosa play a crucial role against periodontal pathogenic bacteria. Factors of innate immunity play a role not only in antimicrobial protection, but they also support the conditions necessary for the healing and regeneration of periodontal tissues. Therefore, various therapeutic approaches that affect the factors of innate immunity are considered as effective and promising. Clinical examination and determination of factors of innate immunity were performed in 115 patients. Healthy individuals made up a group of 30 people. Patients with chronic generalized periodontitis with varying degrees of severity were 85 people. Each patient underwent orthopantomography on the orthopantomograph Orthophosis XG DS/Ceph (SIRONA Dental System GmbH, Germany) in order to assess the state of the bone tissue of the jaws (the degree of destruction of the cortical layer, the degree of resorption of the interalveolar partitions). Targeted intraoral radiographs were used to assess the state of bone tissue and the quality of surgical treatment. Immunological methods of research were carried out in several stages. The findings of this article make the claim that the use of autologous complex immunopeptides in the surgical treatment of periodontitis reduces the time of achieving a therapeutic effect 2 times, resulting in the rapid relief of the symptoms of inflammation and acceleration of reparative processes.
METHODS FOR HARDENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF FATIGUE CHARACTERISTICS OF TITANIUM AND IRON-CHROMIUM NICKEL ALLOY SAMPLES
Authors: SKVORTSOV Arkadiy A. , GNATYUK Evgeniya O. , RYBAKOVA Margarita R. , BURUKIN Ivan V.
Published: August 2021

This work describes the procedure for determining residual surface stresses using the mechanical method and four methods of hardening samples. The urgency of the problem stated in the article is due to the fact that surface tensile stresses arising in the manufacture of highly loaded parts can significantly reduce the mechanical, resource and fatigue characteristics of products. The aim of the study was to harden samples of titanium and iron-chromium-nickel alloys to improve their strength, fatigue and resource characteristics and determine residual stresses by layer-by-layer removal of the studied layers by electrochemical etching. The determination of surface residual stresses was carried out mechanically using a measuring and calculation complex during continuous etching of the metal from the test surface of the sample, which made it possible to measure the residual stresses at different depths and determine the energy of the surface stress state. Residual stresses were calculated from the deformation of the remaining part of the sample with a change in the depth of the studied layers. The hardening of the samples was carried out in four ways, namely: ultrasonic hardening; ultrasonic curing + Rosler (vibration processing); Rosler (vibration processing) + ultrasonic curing; Rosler (vibration processing) + ultrasonic hardening. The results of the study showed that the surface of the products is a weaker area than the inside. After quenching, surface compressive stresses arise for all samples of titanium and iron-chromium-nickel alloys. The preferred case of hardening is the second (ultrasonic hardening + centrifugal hardening). The presence of residual compressive stresses in the outer layers of the products increases their fatigue limit by ≈20%. The results of the work can be used to manufacture products with high mechanical, resource and fatigue characteristics.
THE EFFECT OF ISOLATED SEGMENTAL CHIN OSTEOTOMY (SCO) ON THE PHARYNGEAL AIRWAY SPACE
Authors: DAKHNO Larysa , LOGVYNENKO Iryna
Published: August 2021

The chin affects facial esthetics and the harmony between frontal and lateral views and is one of the most important anatomic structures of the lower third of the face. Chin osteotomy is aimed at ensuring the harmonization of the facial profile by balancing the size and form of the lower third of the face. It is assumed that the isolated genioplasty surgery will improve the pharyngeal airway space (PAS) by promoting muscle changes, specifically by pulling forward the hyoid bone and decompressing the hypopharynx region. Two patients without obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) underwent isolated chin osteotomy for esthetic purposes. Forward movement of the chin by the Pg point was 7 mm in one case and 11 mm in another case. They were evaluated by preoperative and postoperative cone-beam computed tomography scans. The upper airway space was subdivided into retropalatal and retroglossal spaces. After this, the upper airway space was analyzed through the following criteria: 1) three-dimensional, high-altitude, cross-sectional surfaces; 2) transverse and anteroposterior diameter changes. Isolated segmental genioplasty was used after precise virtual planning and resulted in the PAS increase only in one case. There was a relevant correlation between the vertical and horizontal chin change and the hypopharynx. There was an average of a 1.6-fold increase in the total volume of the upper airway space. The retroglossal space was increased 1.5-fold. In another case, there was no relevant correlation between the vertical and horizontal chin change and the PAS. Isolated segmental chin osteotomy provides predictable esthetic results in the correction of different mandible anterior deformities and may contribute to an increased volume and a morphologic airway change. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the effect of isolated segmental genioplasty on the pharyngeal airway space.
DEPENDENCE OF GLARE DESTRUCTION MECHANISMS ON THE ELONGATION OF SAMPLES IN TESTS TO THREE-POINT FLEXURAL
Authors: SHA Minggong , PROKUDIN Oleg A. , SOLYAEV Yury O. , VAKHNEEV Sergey N.
Published: August 2021

Tests on bending are one of the effective ways to experimentally determine the elasticity and shear moduli. An important task in the implementation of composite materials in aerospace structures is the development of methods for determining the physical and mechanical characteristics of materials. The paper presents of tests for three-point bending of samples of metal-polymer composite material "GLAss-REinforced" Fibre Metal Laminate (GLARE) are presented. Examined samples, consisting of 17 layers, for which apparent interlayer strength of the results of tests on three-point bending was established by the method of "short beam". It was established that for the studied samples, interlayer shear mechanisms were realized at the ratio of dimensions of length to thickness of at least 10. Localization of fracture occurs in the area of the central layer, which corresponds to the requirements of standards for conducting tests of the method of short beams. Nonetheless, such GLARE tests are always accompanied by the occurrence of significant plastic deformations associated with the presence of aluminum layers in the structure of the material. With the elongation of samples of more than 10, a fracture mechanism is realized in them, during which delamination and loss of stability of the outer layers on the compressed side of the sample occur. When the elongation of samples of less than 4 four is implemented in samples takes place, the mechanism of destruction of indentation type with large nonlinear deformations. According to the test results, the dependence of the realised fracture mechanisms on the elongation of the samples is determined.
POLYMER PRECURSORS FOR CREATING GAS DISCHARGE CHAMBER FOR ELECTRIC ROCKET ENGINE
Authors: NIGMATZYANOV Vladislav V. , POGODIN Veniamin A. , RABINSKIY Lev N. , SITNIKOV Sergey A. , ZIN HEIN Thant
Published: August 2021

Electric rocket engines are widely used in space technology. Furthermore, at present, electric propulsion engines are also used as mid-flight engines for flights in interplanetary space. On modern spacecraft, the following types of electric propulsion are mostly used: SPT and grid ion thruster. When using these engines as sustainers, it is important is to increase the total power for obtaining the required thrust and specific impulse. With an increase in total power, the volume of the discharge chamber increases, which leads to technological difficulties in the manufacture of discharge chambers from ceramic materials. Thus, the task of finding alternative ceramic materials is relevant and necessary in the development of high-frequency ion thrusters. The article discusses the issues of creating a composite material based on woven quartz materials and organosilicon binder as a precursor filled with silicon nitride for the manufacture of gas discharge chamber (GDC) of high-frequency ion thruster (RFIT). By thermos-gravimetric analysis, a thermosetting binder, which meets the requirements of vibration resistance and electromagnetic permeability of GDC in the megahertz range, was selected. Based on the binder filled with silicon nitride powder, reinforced by quartz woven fabrics, manufactured GDC. The resulting product was tested as part of the laboratory electric propulsion device with a diameter of 100 mm and power of 200W.
MODELLING OF CRACK DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES IN COMPOSITE ELEMENTS BASED ON VIRTUAL CRACK CLOSURE TECHNIQUE AND COHESIVE ZONE MODEL
Authors: LI Yulong; ; , DOBRYANSKIY Vasiliy N. , OREKHOV Alexander A.
Published: August 2021

Fiber composites based on polymer matrices are promising structural materials that meet high requirements for strength, reliability, durability, and hardness. Therefore, composite materials are widely used as structural materials for aerospace products. The problems associated with the destruction of fiber composites were relevant at all stages of technology development. A variety of reinforcing fibers and polymer binders, as well as reinforcement schemes, allow directional control of strength, stiffness, level of working temperatures and other properties of polymer composite materials. This article discusses a methodology for experimental determination of the mechanical properties of carbon-based fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials, including the determination of the interlayer fracture toughness under loading under separation conditions using the doublecantilever beam method (DCB) and the fracture toughness under transverse shear conditions using the ENF (End-Notched Flexure) method and interlayer strength. The test results of samples of polymer composite materials with a carbon reinforcing filler with different surface densities are presented. The experimental data were used to identify the parameters of the VCCT (Virtual Crack Closure Technique) and CZM (Cohesive Zone Model) closure models used to describe the development of cracks in the composites under consideration. It was found that the parameters determining the strength of layered composites are such characteristics as interlayer strength and crack resistance. It was found that the decrease in the strength of individual layers of the composite does not always affect the current stress state of the entire structure, which is often difficult to detect experimentally, but can significantly affect the further behavior of the object under study provided that the crack develops further.
ECO-FRIENDLY CLOUD POINT EXTRACTION COUPLED WITH A SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF RANITIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN PHARMACEUTICAL SAMPLES
Authors: SHAHEED Ihsan Mahdi , HATAM Raghad Saad , KUDHAIR Ahmed F. , MOHAMMED Noor Jamal
Published: August 2021

The simple, rapid, economical, and environmentally friendly method was developed for spectrophotometric determination of ranitidine hydrochloride (R-HCl) in pharmaceutical samples after extraction by the cloud point method. The method based on the reduction of Fe(III) by ranitidine hydrochloride to Fe(II), which subsequently reacted with ferricyanide to form colored products at (pH 4.0), then Triton X–114 surfactant was used as an extractant for ranitidine hydrochloride. The linearity of the calibration curve was maintained from concentrations between 0.5–60.0 μg/mL at the maximum absorption 693 nm. Factors required for reaction conditions including pH, FeCl3, and K3[Fe(CN)6] concentration, the volume of surfactant, temperature, time, and order of addition were investigated. Regression analysis indicates that the correlation coefficient was 0.9998 and the molar absorptivity was 0.46x104 L/mol.cm. Detection and quantification limits were 0.475 and 1.567 μg/mL, respectively. The confidence limit of slope and the confidence limit of the intercept at 95% were 0.0147 ± 0.00015 and 0.0642 ± 0.01033. Sandell`s sensitivity was also calculated and it was found 0.0680 μg/cm2. The preconcentration factor was 50.0%. Validation studies for three different concentrations (5.0, 10.0 and 30.0) μg/mL of ranitidine hydrochloride gave relative standard deviations between 0.142–0.728 and the percentage recoveries ranged from 98.780 ± 0.719 – 99.840 ± 0.142. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of ranitidine hydrochloride in some of its pharmaceutical products with recovery between 99.108–99.808 and RSD% between 0.012–0.031. The results obtained from the proposed method make it suitable to use in the determination of ranitidine hydrochloride in its bulk and tablet dosage form.
LUMINESCENCE OF Α-WILLEMITE IN THE CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE
Authors: SHIGALUGOV Stanislav H. , TYURIN Yuriy I. , DUBROV Dmitriy V. , BOROVITSKAYA Anna O. , DERIABINA Larissa B.
Published: August 2021

The interaction of neutral gas particles of thermal energies (molecules and atoms) with the surface of a solid is accompanied by radiation in the visible and I.R. parts of the spectrum. In this case, the surface of a solid body acts as a catalyst for the recombination reactions of gas particles. In this connection, the possibility of exciting luminescence during the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide directly by the atomic form of oxygen pre-adsorbed on the surface of a solid is of interest. Kinetic and spectral methods were used to study the luminescence arising from the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide by the atomic form of oxygen preadsorbed on the surface of a solid – a sample of α-willemite Zn2SiO4:Mn2+. The main stages in the mechanisms of recombination between adsorbate particles are established. Electronic transitions in adsorption complexes and the activator ion have been identified. During the filling process, the sample temperature was maintained by a constant high-speed electronic control system of the heater current. This made it possible to avoid thermal side effects. The main stages in the mechanisms of recombination between adsorbate particles are established. Electronic transitions in adsorption complexes and the activator ion have been identified. It was found that luminescence excitation proceeds in two main stages, somewhat time-shifted. The two-stage mechanism for the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide on the surface of α-willemite with pre-adsorbed atomic oxygen allows a consistent description of the luminescence observed in this case. This type of luminescence has the prospect of using for studying the mechanisms of catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide.
RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE COURSE OF THYROID CARCINOMA WITH LUNG METASTASES AFTER RADIOIODINE THERAPY
Authors: ASTAPIEVA Olha M. , GRUSHKA Ganna V. , PASKEVYCH Olga I. , FEDULENKOVA Yuliia Ya. , MAKSIMISHYN Oleksii V.
Published: August 2021

Metastasis of malignant tumors are one of the most acute problems of oncology. Among the organs and systems of the human body in terms of frequency of damage, one of the first places is occupied by the lungs, which is probably closely related to the anatomical features of their structure and physiology. During the first examination of cancer patients, metastases in the lungs are revealed in 6-15%, lymphogenous metastases are observed in 50-81%. With differentiated thyroid carcinoma (thyroid gland), metastases in the lung are most often detected (up to 15% of cases). At the same time, 5- and 10-year survival rates are 50-92.6% and 42-86%, respectively. The use of 131I-sodium iodide is central to the treatment of these patients. The purpose of the paper is to study the effectiveness of radioiodine therapy for metastases of thyroid carcinoma in the lung. We used clinical, laboratory, radiological methods for the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma and pulmonary metastases. From 1986 to 2010, 68 patients from the clinic of the S.P. Hryhoriev Institute of Medical Radiology of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine were included in the study. Lung metastases were found in patients with all stages of the disease and with diverse sizes of the primary thyroid tumor. After the surgical treatment of patients, 131Isodium iodide was used in various doses of radioactivity. The full therapeutic effect of radiotherapy was achieved in 5 patients (7.8%) over a 3-year period of treatment, and a 5-year period – in 28 (43.8%); stabilization or partial effect was noted in 24 patients (37.8%), disease progression was observed in 12 patients (17.6%). Mortality from disease progression was 12.5%.
DEVELOPMENT OF ULTRA-SHORT HIGH INTENSITY LASERS FOR THE VISIBLE SPECTRA RANGE
Authors: ABDULRAHMAN Hayder J. , MOHAMMED Suzan B.
Published: August 2021

Ultra-short laser pulses are particularly suitable for processing micro tools made of ultra-hard and dielectric materials. Ultra-short laser pulses provide a contact-free and precise fabrication of heat-sensitive materials such as visible spectra range. Visible spectra range has unique properties, which makes it an essential material in the tool, jewelry, and semiconductor industries. The processing of visible spectra range by ultra-short laser pulses is complex, as visible and near-infrared light is generally not absorbed. However, the intensity of ultra-short laser pulses is extremely high, so that the absorption scales nonlinearly with the intensity and, thus, visible or near-infrared light can be absorbed. The complexity also results from many partially interdependent process variables, such as the repetition rate, pulse overlap, track overlap, and scan speed. Excellent knowledge of the process is, therefore, essential for the production of micro tools. To make the laser processing accessible to a broader user field, the operator can be supported by a computer-aided design (CAD). The aim of this research was to the modeling of an ultra-short high-intensity laser for the visible spectra range in different environments of the angle of incidence, scanning speed, pulse, and track overlap. The experimental process included ultra-short pulsed laser processing of visible spectra range and surface analysis concerning modifications and ablation of the ultra-short laser. Ablation volumes were analyzed for single pulses, multi-pulses, and pockets. Pump-probe experiments reveal transient optical properties such as transmission or reflectivity. It was concluded that ultraviolet laser pulses are best suited to induce damage or modifications to visible spectra range surfaces. Additionally, shorter wavelengths have further advantages such as potentially longer Rayleigh lengths and smaller spot sizes.
STUDY OF THE RADIATION SITUATION IN MOSCOW BY INVESTIGATING ELASTOPLASTIC BODIES IN A NEUTRON FLUX TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THERMAL EFFECTS
Authors: PRONINA Polina F. , TUSHAVINA Olga V. , STAROVOITOV Eduard I.
Published: August 2021

This article discusses the study of the background radiation level in Moscow and its impact on the environment. To identify the radiological impact on living conditions, a study of the effects of fast neutrons on infrastructure and biological objects was made. Large-scale research organizations carrying out technological development, scientific and materials research using nuclear materials in the city of Moscow and the region are considered. A system of environment radiation monitoring, covering an area of more than 1091 km², was examined in detail. A radioecological survey conducted in the Troitsky and Novomoskovsky administrative districts was analyzed to identify and describe the radiation situation. An analysis of background radiation in Moscow shows that the values of the controlled parameters of radioactive pollution of environmental objects are within the long-term fluctuations of the technogenic background of the capital. In this case, various thermal effects arise caused by radiation exposure to solids. The study of infrastructure and biological objects is carried out based on the determination of effects, because of which the elastic and mainly plastic characteristics of substances exposed to neutron irradiation and thermal effects change. Here, the main essential factors are radiation hardening of the material (increase in yield stress) and radiation swelling (increase in volumetric strain).
INFLUENCE OF CYTOKINES PRODUCTION, NITROGEN OXIDE METABOLITES AND LIPIDS EXCHANGE ON THE FORMATION OF EXTERNAL GENITAL ENDOMETRIOSIS STAGES IN PATIENTS OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE
Authors: ERMOLOVA Natalya Victorovna , PETROV Yuriy Alekseevich , LEVKOVICH Marina Arkadevna , KOLESNIKOVA Ludmila Valerievna , DRUKKER Nina Aleksandrovna
Published: August 2021

The relevance of the study is due to the prevalence and increase in the incidence of endometriosis, especially in young patients, its influence on reproductive function, and the lack of reliable non-invasive diagnosis of the disease and its stages. There are no unified views on the etiology and multifactorial pathogenesis of this disease. This article is aimed at revealing the mechanisms of the formation of endometriosis stages basing on the study of the effect of cytokines production, nitric oxide metabolites and lipid metabolism. The main approach to study this problem is both to investigate systemic (blood serum) and local (peritoneal fluid) levels, their comparison. This allows comprehensive consideration of the pathogenesis of the disease and determination of the value of the mentioned biologically active factors depending on the stages of the disease. The article presents new data on the content of high- and low-density lipoproteins, cholesterol, transforming growth factor β1 and tumor necrosis factor α, the content of nitric oxide metabolites and their clinical interpretation is given according to the stages of the disease. The materials of the article are of practical value for researchers of endometriosis and practicing obstetrician-gynecologists.. Keywords: external genital endometriosis, lipoproteins, nitric oxide, transforming growth factor.
ANTIBIOTIC ACTIVITY OF NEW SPECIES OF SCHIFF BASE METAL COMPLEXES
Authors: ALI Safaa Hussein , ABD ALREDHA Hassan Mwazi , ABDULHUSSEIN Haider Sabah
Published: August 2021

Bacterial resistance is a growing challenge facing drug design scientists to find new medications or update commonly used antibiotics. The objective of this study was to synthesize, structure and highlight biological features of new species of metal-organic complexes [(MCl2))2)L1)] {M = Ni, Cu, L1) = N,N’-1,4- Phenylenebis(methanylylidene)bis(ethane-1,2-diamine)} and [(NiCl2))2)L2)]. The Schiff base ligands were prepared in an excellent yeilds by adding terephthalaldehyde to 1,2-ethane-diamine or 1,4-butane-diamine. Three binuclear Schiff base metal complexes were synthesized in a simple one-pot reaction by reacting the corresponding metal chloride (NiCl2) and CuCl2)) salts with the Schiff base ligands {L1) = N,N’-(1,4- phenylenebis(methanylylidene)bis(1,2-diethylamine)) and L2) = N,N’-(1,4- phenylenebis(methanylylidene)bis(butane-1,4-diamine))}. The obtained Schiff base metal complexes were analytically, characterized by a set of spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectra, and mass spectra. The structures characterization studies suggest that Schiff base ligands behave as N bidentate ligands for nickel and copper metal centers, which are known to act as Lewis acids. The biological activity of the Schiff base of nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes was tested by using the broth dilution method. The complexes showed antibacterial activity against all gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria (Enterobacter cloacae G-, Citrobacter G-, Pseudomonas G-, Klebsiella G-, Staphylococcus G+, and Streptococcus G+) that used in the trials. It is concluded that Schiff base metal complexes are a good candidate for the antibacterial drug because of its good activity against gram-negative and gram-positive strains demonstrated in the present study, as well as in other studies in the literature.
THE EFFECT OF SMART-PBL LEARNING STRATEGY AND ACADEMIC-SELF REGULATED LEARNING ON METACOGNITIVE AND PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS IN LEARNING CHEMISTRY
Authors: UTAMI Deka Dyah , SETYOSARI Punaji , KAMDI Waras , ULFA Saida , KUSWANDI Dedi
Published: August 2021

Learning chemistry in the 21st century should emphasize higher-order thinking skills such as metacognitive and problem-solving skills besides cognitive learning outcomes. Metacognitive needs to be improved so students can practice organizing, monitoring, and evaluating their thinking process in solving chemical problems. Problem-solving needs to develop to train students in making the appropriate decision and scientific explanation when encountering chemical issues. Based on observation results, the metacognitive and problem-solving skills of a pre-service science teacher in Malang, Indonesia, were low. Metacognitive and problem-solving skills are affected by academic-self regulated learning (ASRL) by students. This study aimed to know the effect of the Strategy Meets Augmented Reality Technology-using Problem Based Learning (SMART-PBL) and Academic-self regulated learning (ASRL) on improving metacognitive and problem-solving skills in learning chemistry. The SMART-PBL was modified by Problem Based Learning (PBL) strategy, which assisted by Augmented Reality technology as visual media. The research subject was 64 pre-service science teachers divided into control and experimental class, respectively, of 32 students. The research design was Quasi-Experimental, with Nonequivalent Control Group Design using factorial 2x2. The trial class performed SMART-PBL, which showed a more significant influence on metacognitive and problem-solving skills than the PBL class. The SMART-PBL not interacted with ASRL to improve metacognitive and problem-solving skills. By implementing SMART-PBL improves not only metacognitive and problem-solving skills but also evokes creative and critical thinking, communication, and scientific reasoning skills that appear in students during learning chemistry.
ISOLATION OF MIRICETINE-CONTAINING FRACTIONS FROM LINOSYRIS VILLOSA PLANT AND THEIR APPLICATION AS ANTIANEMIC AGENT
Authors: SALIKOVA Natalya S. , BEKTEMISSOVA Ainash U. , NAZAROVA Valentina D. , BEGENOVA Bahyt E. , OSTAFEICHUK Natalya V.
Published: August 2021

With the development of chemistry, natural substances were actively supplanted from human life by chemical products. However, despite the enormous progress in this area, in recent decades, the problems of serious side effects of synthetic chemicals on the environment have become more and more pronounced. Methods of two-dimensional and one-dimensional paper chromatography, column adsorption chromatography, gas chromatography, and IR spectroscopy were used. The purpose of the article is to study the chemical composition of the Linosyris villosa plant by physicochemical methods of analysis. Creation of dosage forms based on it. The problem of the article is the search and creation of drugs based on the flora of Northern Kazakhstan. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the chemical composition and biological activity of the Linosyris villosa plant, growing in the territory of Northern Kazakhstan, is being studied for the first time. According to the results of the analysis, in 13% of patients the treatment effect is insignificant, and in 87% of patients there was an improvement in blood values (increase in hemoglobin, an increase in the number of red blood cells, almost all patients returned color index of blood), the number of white blood cells increased to normal, and the WBC differential improved. Therefore, the drug “Vitin”, an aqueous-alcoholic extract of the Linosyris villosa, is an effective drug for the treatment of patients with anemia of varying severity. The practical significance of the work is defined as follows: biologically active compounds from the Linosyris villosa plant were obtained for the purpose of studying and applying them in medicine and agriculture.
MARKETING EVALUATION OF CONSUMER PREFERENCES IN USING MOBILE APPS FOR HEALTHCARE TO SUPPORT DRUG ADHERENCE
Authors: BABASKIN D.V. , LITVINOVA T.M. , BABASKINA L.I. , OVAKIMYAN A.K. , KOLEVATOVA K.Y.
Published: August 2021

The goal of the study is to conduct a market research and an evaluation of the consumer preferences related to the use of mobile healthcare apps (mHealth) in Russia to support and promote patients’ adherence to drugs. Materials and methods. The survey involved 1,099 mHealth consumers from two target segments. The first segment (S1) included intermediate consumers: real (264 pharmacists from 22 regions of Russia) and potential (293 students with major in Pharmacy). The second segment (S2) included 542 final consumers, or members of the general public, from 28 regions of Russia. Field studies were conducted using the oral survey (27 %) and web-based survey (73 %) methods with a structured questionnaire. The qualitative method with a twodimensional perception chart and the quantitative method of individual point estimates with the calculation of integral indicators were used for positioning. Results and discussion. The marketing study of drug adherence has revealed that over 50 % of the respondents in S2 have low degree of adherence. The most common ways to support adherence were to take medications as part of the normal daily routine (87.1 %) and to use mobile healthcare apps (66.4 %). According to 98.2 % of the pharmacists and students (S1), mHealth apps could be more widely recommended for use. The leaders among mobile apps for drug control in Russia have been established as a result of positioning using qualitative and quantitative methods. A mechanism for promoting mHealth has been proposed in order to more fully satisfy consumer preferences. Conclusion. The obtained results provide the basis for the development of a set of strategic measures for the further development of the basic segment of the mobile healthcare app market to support drug adherence and to increase the competitive advantages of mHealth, which will contribute to the effective treatment and prevention of chronic diseases in Russia.
EXPERIENCE OF TILAPIA INTRODUCTION AT GEOTHERMAL SOURCES OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: SYZDYKOV Kuanysh N. , NARBAYEV Serik , ASSYLBEKOVA Ainur S. , BARINOVA Gulnaz K. , KUANCHALEYEV Zhaxygali B.
Published: August 2021

Over recent years much attention has been paid to the fishery use of geothermal sources. The prospects for this area are enormous, as it opens up possibilities for managing fish-breeding processes, regardless of climatic conditions. The main objective of the research was a comprehensive study of the technological processes of growing. One of the promising reserves for increasing fish production is the rational fishery use of waste warm water and geothermal sources. Research work was carried out in 2019 based on the farm of “Tengri Fish” LLP, which is located 270 kilometers from Almaty. The collection and processing of materials were carried out according to generally accepted methods in ichthyology and fish farming, followed by their analysis on a PC. Based on the results of the research, technological primaries of growing tilapia in a RAS (Recirculating
Aquaculture System) using geothermal waters were determined. During the research, work was carried out to optimize the hydrochemical regime. The main fish breeding and biological indicators for the growth and development of tilapia were established. The optimal stocking density of tilapias in recirculating aquaculture systems using geothermal waters and the temperature when tilapias have a higher average daily weight gain were found. The novelty of the research: a complex study of biology and adaptation of a new object of industrial fish farming of tilapia and clarium catfish has been carried out outside the range and determined the adaptation possibilities of tilapia and clarium catfish to extreme factors of the aquatic environment.
ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL TYPIFICATION OF TERRITORIES FOR ALLOCATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES
Authors: KOZLIAKOVA Irina , KOZHEVNIKOVA Irina , EREMINA Olga , ANISIMOVA Nadezhda
Published: August 2021

The management of municipal solid waste (MSW) appears to be one of the major ecological problems at present. Selecting sites for the disposal of municipal solid wastes or waste utilization facilities is one of the most contentious aspects of waste management. The present study aimed to develop the methodology to assess the natural protection of the geological environment from contamination upon the implementation of large ecological projects due to the allocation of MSW utilization facilities. The case of the Central Federal District of Russia (CFD) is taken as an example. The suitability of territories for municipal solid waste disposal is assessed according to the presence of weakly permeable deposits in the geological cross-section and their occurrence mode. A “map of engineering geological zoning CFD by the conditions of allocation MSW disposal sites and utilization facilities” has been compiled to a scale 1:2500000. The map gives a general indication of the suitability of the planned sites for waste disposal within the regarded region and showed that, for the bulk of territory, the allocation of MSW disposal and management facilities requires undertaking additional measures for the geoenvironmental protection from contamination.
REGENERATIVE MACROPHAGES: A NEW HOPE FOR CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: PUTRANTO Terawan Agus , IKRAR Taruna , WASKITO Pujo
Published: August 2021

Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the number one cause of death. It is predicted that 23.6 million people will die from it by 2030, mainly caused by strokes and heart attacks. This study aimed to investigate the new treatment of cardiomyopathy, a cardiovascular disease that hinders blood supply from the heart to the body and can cause heart failure. While the traditional treatment focus on cardiac rehabilitation, including lifestyle counseling and prescription exercise, surgery on coronary bypass artery, and medication of increasing the flow of blood, the use of therapeutic cells is a new way to deal with cardiovascular diseases and heart infarction. It intends to effectively replace or regenerate dead or damaged heart cells, as the main advantage of this treatment. The use of alternative methods to treat cardiovascular diseases has high potential value, as found in the immunotherapy method through the use of "regenerative macrophages." This study is a qualitative case report research study which provides an exploration of phenomenon or opportunity of sharing efforts to intervene single patient’s health with unreported health features previously. The result of this study showed that a 71 years old man was hospitalized in Gatot Soebroto Central Army Hospital Jakarta, Indonesia, by the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. He presented for chronic cough and peripheral edema. He denied syncope, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, and diaphoresis. The application of echocardiography regarding the previous treatment indicated diastolic dysfunction, left ventricle hypokinesis and left ventricular hypertrophy with 44% of low ejection on the fraction. After the vaccines of Regenerative Macrophages (ReM) therapy were given to the patient, significant improvements in the echocardiography parameters were observed, with normal kinetics, improved ejection fraction, and diastolic dysfunction increased to 56%. Significantly, regenerative macrophages could be an option of immunotherapy in patients with cardiomyopathies with low risk of effective treatment further.