bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Manganaro Agatino , Ciracì Luca , Andrè Laura , Trio Olimpia , Manganaro Roberta , Saporito Francesco , Oreto Giuseppe , Andò Giuseppe
Published: February 2014

Background:

The use of flow-mediated dilation (FMD) as a surrogate indicator for the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) remains largely unknown. We assessed FMD at the brachial artery in 89 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography.

Methods and Results:

Patients were classified in groups 0 to 3 according to the number of diseased vessels and the SYNTAX score was calculated. The FMD decreased significantly from groups 0 to 3 ( P < .001). There was a significant linear relation between SYNTAX score and FMD (corrected r2 = .64, P < .001). In multivariate analysis, a reduced FMD was the only significant independent predictor of the presence of CAD (odds ratio [OR] 1.78, P = .032) and of CAD severity (OR 1.85, P = .005).

Conclusion:

This study confirms that FMD is reduced in patients with CAD and that such reduction in FMD is related to the extent of the disease. Therefore, FMD at the brachial artery is likely to represent a reliable indicator of CAD burden.
A multiscale permutation entropy based approach to select wavelet for fault diagnosis of ball bearings
Authors: Vakharia V , Gupta VK , Kankar PK
Published: February 2014

The detection and diagnosis of bearing health status using vibration signal has been an important subject for extensive research over the past few decades. The objective of this paper is to proposed permutation entropy as a tool to select best wavelet for feature selection for the detection as well as fault classification of ball bearings. The continuous wavelet coefficients of the time domain signal are calculated at real, positive scales using various real and complex wavelets. Best wavelet and corresponding scale is selected based on minimum permutation entropy. Eleven statistical parameters were used for defect classification in outer race, inner race, ball defect and healthy bearing respectively. Proposed methodology for fault classification is compared with two artificial intelligence techniques such as artificial neural network and support vector machine. Results revealed that permutation entropy based feature extraction techniques provide higher classification accuracy even when there is a slight variation in operating condition which is useful for development of online fault diagnosis.
Clinical efficacy of generic imatinib
Authors: de Lemos Mario L , Kyritsis Victoria
Published: February 2014

Background

Generic imatinib has recently been approved for chronic myeloid leukemia in Canada and the European Union (EU). There are anecdotal concerns of reduced efficacy related to generic vs. brand name imatinib.

Methods

MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched. Generic imatinib product monographs approved by Health Canada and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) were reviewed. Medical information of Novartis, Teva and Apotex were contacted.

Results

Several issues have been raised. First, generic imatinib approved outside Canada and the European Union has been associated with reduced efficacy in small case reports and contradictory findings with two case series. However, the clinical bioequivalence of these generic products has not been clearly established. Secondly, use of generic imatinib in other populations has been questioned. However, imatinib absorption is not significantly different in pediatric chronic myeloid leukemia or patients with gastrointestinal tumours compared to adults with chronic myeloid leukemia. Although reduced absorption was reported after gastric bypass and gastrectomy, imatinib absorption occurs mostly in the ileum, duodenum, colon and jejunum. Change in gastric acidity has also been shown to not affecting imatinib absorption. Finally, beta-crystal form of brand name imatinib is more stable than the alpha-crystal form of generic imatinib at room temperature. However, the EMA found both crystal forms to be highly soluble and polymorphism would not significantly influence the performance of generic imatinib.

Conclusion

Overall, anecdotal concerns appear to be unfounded for generic imatinib approved in Canada and the EU. There is no evidence that these generic imatinib products are less effective than brand name imatinib.
A Nonclinical Competency Model for Case Managers
Authors: Hausdorf Peter A. , Swanson Signe
Published: February 2014

Case management (CM) is a client-level approach to treatment that promotes the integration of human services across service providers. This approach has been adopted for home health care–based services through the case manager role. Few studies have explored the nonclinical competencies needed for case managers to be effective in their roles. This research documents the design and validation of a nonclinical competency model for case managers. Five competencies were identified: systems thinking, personal and professional accountability, facilitating creative thinking, communicating, and building relationships. Behavioral statements for each competency were assessed by a sample of case managers (for clarity, frequency of use, and experience needed) and generally supportive of the model structure. Implications for competency-based research and practice in CM are discussed.
On the Teaching of Poetry in English Journal, 1912-2005
Authors: Dressman Mark , Faust Mark
Published: February 2014

This study reports two stages of research into the discourses of poetry education in the United States from the early 20th to the early 21st centuries. The first is an original study that traces the history of discourses about teaching poetry, and the second is a coda or concluding analysis that raises questions about how history functions as a trope and whether or how the history of poetry education matters in the present. In the original study, we photocopied, inventoried, coded, and noted patterns of discourse over virtually every article published on the teaching of poetry in the oldest practice-oriented journal of literacy education in the United States, English Journal, from 1912 to 2005. In the coda that follows, we revisited and refined conclusions from our initial round of investigation in light of the theoretical implications of three models of historical and social change: Parsonian functionalist theories, Marxist/neo-Marxist theories of dialectical materialism, and Foucauldian theories of discourse, power, and practice. In conclusion, we consider the implications of history and of historical thinking for present and future research and practice.
7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-Induced Myelotoxicity Differs in Mice Selected for High or Low Acute Inflammatory Response
Authors: Katz Iana Suly Santos , Albuquerque Layra Lucy , Suppa Alessandra Paes , de Siqueira Débora Mathias , Rossato Cristiano , Silva Graziela Batista da , Jensen José Ricardo , Starobinas Nancy , Cabrera Wafa Hanna Koury , De Franco Marcelo , Borelli Primavera , Ibañez Olga Martinez , Ribeiro Orlando Garcia
Published: February 2014

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), are environmental pollutants that exert multiple toxic and carcinogenic effects. Studies showed that these effects are mediated by activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and modulated by allelic variants of Ahr gene. Here, we investigated the effects of DMBA treatment in the inflammatory response and bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic function of maximal acute inflammatory response (AIRmax) and minimal acute inflammatory response (AIRmin) heterogeneous mouse lines selected for high and low acute inflammatory responsiveness, respectively. The phenotypic selection resulted in the segregation of the Ahrd and Ahrb1 alleles that confer low and high receptor ligand-binding affinity, respectively, in AIRmax and AIRmin mice. We observed a reduction in BM mature granulocyte population in AIRmin mice 24 hours after DMBA treatment while both blast and immature myeloid cells were increased. Proliferation and differentiation of BM myeloid cells in response to in vitro granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus were impaired in AIRmin-treated mice. These DMBA effects on myeloid BM cells (BMCs) affected the in vivo leukocyte migration to an inflammatory site induced by polyacrylamide beads (Biogel P-100, Bio-Rad, France) injection in AIRmin mice. On the other hand, these alterations were not observed in DMBA-treated AIRmax mice. These data indicate that DMBA affects myeloid cell differentiation and inflammatory response and Ahrb1 allele in the genetic background of AIRmin mice contributes to this effect.
Toxicity Assessment of 7 Anticancer Compounds in Zebrafish
Authors: Gao Xiao-Ping , Feng Feng , Zhang Xiao-Qi , Liu Xiao-Xin , Wang Yu-Bin , She Jin-Xiong , He Zhi-Heng , He Ming-Fang
Published: February 2014

Toxicity is one of the major reasons for failure in drug development. Zebrafish, as an ideal vertebrate model, could also be used to evaluate drug toxicity. In this study, we aimed to show the predictability and highlight novel findings of toxicity in zebrafish model. Seven anticancer compounds, including triptolide (TP), gambogic acid (GA), mycophenolic acid (MPA), curcumin, auranofin, thalidomide, and taxol, were assessed in zebrafish for their toxicity. Three compounds (GA, TP, and taxol) showed highest acute lethality, with 50% lethal concentration ≈ 1 μmol/L. Missing tails, severe pericardial edema, and enlarged yolk sacs were observed in MPA-treated embryos. The development of pectoral fins was severely disturbed in thalidomide-, GA-, and TP-treated embryos. Bradycardia was observed in MPA- and thalidomide-treated groups. Our findings suggested that the zebrafish are a good model for toxicity assessment of anticancer compounds.
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress-Induced Epigenetic Modif ications in Pancreatic Epithelial Cells
Authors: Mishra Pradyumna Kumar , Raghuram Gorantla Venkata , Jain Deepika , Jain Subodh Kumar , Khare Naveen Kumar , Pathak Neelam
Published: February 2014

Emerging studies have linked prooxidative carbamate compound exposures with various human pathologies including pancreatic cancer. In these studies, our aim was to examine mitochondrial oxidative stress-mediated aberrant chromatin responses in human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. Posttranslational histone modifications, promoter DNA methylation, and micro-RNA (miRNA) expression patterns were evaluated following induction of mitochondrial oxidative stress by N-succinimidyl N-methylcarbamate exposure. In treated cells, perturbation in mitochondrial machinery led to hypermethylation of p16 and smad4 gene promoters and downregulation of respective gene products. Posttranslational histone modifications that include hypoacetylation of acetylated histone (AcH) 3 and AcH4, hypermethylation of monomethylated histone 3 at lysine 9 and trimethylated histone 4 at lysine 20 ubiquitinated histone (uH) 2A/uH2B, and increased phosphorylation of H2AX and H3 were observed in the treated cells. Altered expression of miRNAs denoted possible location of corresponding genes at oxidatively damaged fragile sites. Collectively, our results provide a direct role of mitochondrial oxidative stress-mediated epigenetic imbalance to perturbed genomic integrity in oxygen radical-induced pancreatic injury. Further, identification and characterization of molecular switches that affect these epigenomic signatures and targets thereof will be imperative to understand the complex role of redox-regulatory network in pancreatic milieu.
A Reinvestigation of Seroconversion Rates in Hepatits B–Vaccinated Individuals
Authors: Lithgow Diana , Cole Casey
Published: February 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the hepatitis B seroconversion rates in a small sample of subjects reflected that of the published rates, regardless of HIV status, after a hepatitis B vaccination series was completed while following strict vaccine protocols. The study, which had a nonexperimental, correlational cross-sectional design, took place at a community clinic in Laguna Beach, CA. Participants comprised 100, predominantly White, men aged 18–65 years (mean 39.2 years) who were hepatitis B naive, regardless of immune status. After receiving a primary vaccine series for hepatitis B, participants were tested for seroconversion to immune status. Seroconversion to the immune state occurred in 78.6% of the non-immunocompromised, HIV-negative participants ( n = 50), who had received the standard three-dose regimen of the vaccine, and in 77% of the immunocompromised, HIV-positive participants ( n = 48), who had received the recommended modified three-double-dose regimen. The manufacturer-published rates of seroconversion are 90–100%, depending upon the population. These findings highlight a need for further study to validate or reveal deficits in current vaccine protocols for individuals who are vaccinated against hepatitis B, including health care workers, the immune-compromised and other high-risk populations.
Who are the young adult Danish pre-drinkers, and why do they pre-drink before a night out?
Authors: Østergaard Jeanette , Andrade Stefan Bastholm
Published: February 2014

Aims: To reveal young Danes’ main motive for pre-drinking and whether their motives and socio economic status can explain how much they pre-drink on an event-specific night out. Methods: A binary logistic and negative binomial regression models were used on a survey of 670 Danes (aged 18–35 years) conducted on-site in 24 bars, clubs and pubs in four cities and towns in Denmark. Results: Young males drink on average 12.3 and females 9.3 standard units (defined as 8g of pure ethanol) of alcohol before a night out. Pre-drinking to be social is the most prevalent motive. Although lower income levels cannot explain whether a young person will pre-drink on an event-specific night out, young people’s income level and their motives explain the quantities they consume. Lower-earning males who pre-drank to save money consumed larger quantities of alcohol at home, but lower-earning females pre-drank larger quantities because they wanted to be out of control. Conclusions: Not only young people’s motives for pre-drinking but also the price of off- and on-premises alcohol should be considered for outlining prevention strategies seeking to reduce the alcohol quantities that young people pre-drink before a night out.
Instant messaging requests in connected organizations: ‘Quick questions’ and the moral economy of contribution
Authors: Licoppe Christian , Cudicio Renato , Proulx Serge
Published: February 2014

In this article we study the work and communication practices of two highly connected organizations, the members of which have all access to instant messaging (IM) on a professional basis. We document the development of a communicational genre, that of ‘quick questions’, and analyze the sequence organization of such IM conversation threads. We show how ‘quick questions’ enable the collaborative accomplishment of complex, knowledge-intensive tasks by recruiting colleagues constituted as experts capable of quickly answering information requests related to ongoing tasks. ‘Quick questions’ articulate communicative practices, ‘strong’ distribution of tasks and ‘organizing’ in highly connected organizations. We argue that they enact a distinctive cognitive and moral economy based on minimal forms of interaction and exchanges (which we call ‘contributions’), constituting a more general phenomenon.
Investigation of the effect of biodiesel blends on the performance of a fuel additive-assisted diesel filter system
Authors: Tziourtzioumis Dimitrios N , Stamatelos Anastassios M
Published: February 2014

The results of full-scale regeneration tests with a unit silicon carbide diesel particulate filter installed on a single-cylinder diesel engine are presented. Two sets of transient regeneration experiments, one for each fuel used, with high level of exhaust gas flow rate (normalized per filter volume) and markedly different levels of soot loading were performed. The test fuels were conventional diesel (denoted as B0) and B20 biodiesel blend. The effect of the biodiesel on filter regeneration was further investigated by means of infrared thermography. The main objective was to investigate the catalytic soot ignition and regeneration propagation when the engine is fueled by biodiesel blends. Special focus was on the temperature distribution across the filter channels and the evolution of the regeneration at the central and peripheral part of the filter. The results indicated a faster evolution of the regeneration with lower overall filter wall temperatures with favorable effects on the filter durability, when the engine is fueled by B20.
Participants’ experiences of the qualitative interview: considering the importance of research paradigms
Authors: Wolgemuth Jennifer R , Erdil-Moody Zeynep , Opsal Tara , Cross Jennifer E , Kaanta Tanya , Dickmann Ellyn M , Colomer Soria
Published: February 2014

We used a multiple-case study to investigate participants’ experiences in interviews from six qualitative studies that differed in interview orientations, designs, methods, participants, and topics. Roulston’s (2010a, 2010b) interview orientation heuristic guided our ‘paradigm-driven’ analysis of participants’ experiences. We found no differences in participants’ articulation of benefits and risks by interview orientation. Participants’ experiences differed based on the opportunity to reflect on their interview experiences, the sensitivity of the topic explored, and the number of interviews conducted. We discuss the implications of our findings for ‘paradigm-driven’ qualitative research and suggest ethical questions qualitative interview researchers can ask to maximize the benefits of their interviews.
Re-cognising the interactive space
Authors: Nolan Terry , Varey Richard J.
Published: February 2014

How can the positive power of a marketing ethos and techniques solve social problems? We propose a deepened understanding of social marketing in response to the sustainability imperative, applying systems theory to elaborate the impact of social marketing campaigns and to advance our understanding of viable practices. A meta-framework reveals the complexities of human behaviour that influences the aims and outcomes of social marketing. We clarify the ontological status of the social marketing field and recognise the world view within which marketing has expanded into the public realm of social problems. We identify the problem of ontological misconception stemming from the denial of nonrational forms of human behaviour. While complicated mechanism is assumed in the problem of long-term health and prosperity for citizens and society, organic complexity is the condition faced. Conventional social marketing has provided a ‘partial’ gesture towards a solution. We outline an alternative understanding grounded in a human-centred world view of socio-economic advancement.
Road lighting and pedestrian reassurance after dark: A review
Authors: Fotios S , Unwin J , Farrall S
Published: February 2014

This paper concerns road lighting for pedestrians and how this aids reassurance, their confidence when walking alone after dark. Evidence from past studies that lighting enhances reassurance is supported by the findings of an unfocussed approach that aimed deliberately to avoid focus on lighting or fear, thus to counter the unintended potential for focussed, quantitative methods to lead towards such a finding. Review of the characteristics of lighting suggests an optimum illuminance of 10 lux, of high S/P ratio, and aimed toward the pedestrian and natural elements of the environment, will enhance reassurance. Further research is needed to validate the optimum illuminance, the appropriate metric for characterising lamp spectral power distribution, and the most desirable aims of spatial distribution.
Perceived Threat in Childhood
Authors: Miller Laura E.
Published: February 2014

The current study is a review of existing literature on perceived threat across childhood (0–19 years). There is strong evidence from this body of research that threat detection emerges in infancy and is present throughout childhood, with meaningful links to child adjustment. The wide range of methodologies employed to assess threat include biological measures (event-related potential and functional magnetic resonance imaging), observational data (gaze duration and response time), and a range of ways of gathering cognitive data (threat appraisal). Across methodologies, a uniform finding is that children who have higher threat attenuation are at increased risk for the development of anxiety disorders. It also seems that children’s attention to threatening stimuli may vary across development, with heightened attention in infancy and early childhood. These findings have meaningful extensions for children who are living in violent families. Since many children living in violent homes are exposed to the threat of violence beginning in infancy, these children may be at heightened risk as compared to their nonexposed peers for the development of maladaptive patterns of threat detection and response. There is some evidence that this long-standing pattern of vigilance toward threat in key developmental periods may in part explain the increased risk of the development of anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder following exposure to violence.
Thinking Critically About Campus-Based Self-Defense Programs
Authors: DeKeseredy Walter S.
Published: February 2014

Often labeled “ivory towers,” colleges are fertile breeding grounds of male to female sexual assault and other types of woman abuse. Still, across the United States and elsewhere, many researchers, practitioners, and activists are involved in an ongoing and ever-changing struggle to curb female victimization in institutions of higher learning. The main objective of this article is to offer a few thoughts about some prevention issues raised by Christine Gidycz. Special attention is devoted to the dangers associated with new electronic technologies, including texting and Internet pornography.
Use and Misuse of Research in Books on Sex Trafficking
Authors: Fedina Lisa
Published: February 2014

Recent articles have raised important questions about the validity of prevalence data on human trafficking, exposing flawed methodologies behind frequently cited statistics. While considerable evidence points to the fact that human trafficking does exist in the United States and abroad, many sources of literature continue to cite flawed data and some misuse research in ways that seemingly inflate the problem, which can have serious implications for anti-trafficking efforts, including victim services and anti-trafficking legislation and policy. This systematic review reports on the prevalence data used in 42 recently published books on sex trafficking to determine the extent to which published books rely on data estimates and just how they use or misuse existing data. The findings from this review reveal that the vast majority of published books do rely on existing data that were not rigorously produced and therefore may be misleading or at minimum, inaccurate. Implications for practice, research, and policy are discussed, as well as recommendations for future prevalence studies on human trafficking.
Vascular Risk Factors Aggravate the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Qiao Jin , Lu Wen-Hui , Wang Jin , Guo Xiao-Juan , Qu Qiu-Min
Published: February 2014

Purpose:

To explore the correlation of vascular risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in Chinese population.

Methods:

A total of 123 outpatients with probable AD followed up for 3 years were investigated. Severity of cognitive impairment and functional ability was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and modified activities of daily living (ADLs), respectively. The incidence of vascular risk factors was studied in patients with AD.

Results:

Univariate analysis showed significance difference in MMSE and ADL scores between patients with and without vascular risk factors ( P < .05). Multiple regression analysis showed age, education, hyperhomocysteinemia, and hypertension were significant variables associated with annual MMSE, while there were no significant correlations between annual MMSE and sex, initial MMSE, diabetes, and so on.

Conclusions:

Vascular risk factors are common comorbidities in patients with AD in China, with younger, better educated ones showing faster cognitive decline. Hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia may also aggravate the progression, and it is important to prevent and treat patients with AD.
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Double Depression and Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Authors: Mauck Sarah E. , Moore Todd M.
Published: February 2014

This is a single case study utilizing time-series analysis for a young adult man with major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder (i.e., double depression [DD]) and intermittent explosive disorder (IED). Treatment consisted of long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (LTPP) with an emphasis on facilitating emotional expression and fostering autonomy. During 13 months of therapy, the patient completed daily measures related to his presenting complaint, including overall distress and episodes of rage. These data were examined for clinically significant change across baseline and two phases of treatment using Simulation Modeling Analysis for time-series data. Results indicated improvement in overall distress and in rage episodes. In addition to daily measures, the patient completed a measure of general psychological functioning at monthly intervals throughout treatment, the results of which indicated no reliable change. Complicating factors and implications of treatment are discussed, including the efficacy of LTPP in the treatment of DD and IED.
The Effect of Testosterone on Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Su Jeannie J. , Park Samuel K. , Hsieh T. Mike
Published: February 2014

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Testosterone is the principal male sex hormone and plays an important role in men’s health and well-being. Historically, testosterone was believed to adversely affect cardiovascular function. However, contemporary literature has refuted this traditional thinking; testosterone has been suggested to have a protective effect on cardiovascular function through its effects on the vascular system. Data from modern research indicate that hypogonadism is closely related to the development of various cardiovascular risk factors, including hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance. Several studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of testosterone supplementation therapy on reversing symptoms of hypogonadism and improving cardiovascular disease risk profiles. In this review, we perform a critical analysis on the association between testosterone and cardiovascular disease.
Barriers to Physical Activity in Women
Authors: Moreno Jennette P. , Johnston Craig A.
Published: February 2014

Despite the clear benefits of physical activity for women, few women obtain the recommended levels of physical activity. To address adherence to physical activity in this group, it is important to understand the barriers to physical activity that affect women. These barriers may include lack of time; anticipated lack of enjoyment; self-consciousness about body size, shape, and physical activity ability; and urinary incontinence. By addressing barriers to physical activity, health care providers may experience greater success in their efforts to increase physical activity in their female patients.
Use of Mindfulness Meditation in the Management of Chronic Pain
Authors: Rajguru Parth , Kolber Morey J. , Garcia Ashley N. , Smith Matthew T. , Patel Chetan K. , Hanney William J.
Published: February 2014

Background. Chronic pain is a major health condition that has significant financial and lifestyle implications. Due to the complex etiologies of pain, it is difficult to find treatment modalities that would be universally applicable to the general population presenting for care. Mindfulness meditation is a complimentary treatment modality that has some preliminary, inconclusive evidence in support of its benefit on patients with chronic pain. Objectives. The purpose of this article is to systematically review the current literature for randomized controlled trials that assess the outcomes of mindfulness as an intervention for individuals with chronic pain. Methods. An electronic database search was performed for studies investigating the efficacy of mindfulness in treatment for chronic pain. The studies included were randomized controlled trials, published in English, from a peer-reviewed journal that identified mindfulness as the primary treatment focus for chronic pain in at least one group, and included participants with at least a 12-week history of symptoms. Results. The database search revealed 283 articles, of which 6 met the inclusion criteria. Conclusion. Mindfulness meditation appears to have minimal or statistically insignificant effects on chronic pain according to the current data. However, the effects of mindfulness on mental health scores are significant and may be an area for future trials to target. Well-conducted research is necessary before the effects of mindfulness on chronic pain can be definitively determined.
Assessing Hydration Status and Reported Beverage Intake in the Workplace
Authors: Mears Stephen A. , Shirreffs Susan M.
Published: February 2014

The aim was to examine the hydration status of adults working in different jobs at the beginning and end of a shift and their reported water intake. One hundred and fifty-six subjects (89 males, 67 females) were recruited from workplaces within the local area (students, teachers, security, office, firefighters, catering). A urine sample was obtained at the start and end of the shift and was analyzed for osmolality (Uosm), specific gravity (USG), and sodium and potassium concentrations. Euhydration was considered Uosm <700 mOsmol/kg or USG <1.020. At the end of the shift, subjects were asked to report all water intake from beverages during the shift. Females had lower Uosm than males at the start (656 [range, 85-970] vs 738 [range, 164-1090] mOsmol/kg) and end (461 [range, 105-1014] vs 642 [range, 130-1056] mOsmol/kg; P < .05) of their working day. Fifty-two percent of individuals who appeared hypohydrated at the start of the shift were also hypohydrated at the end. Reported water intake from beverages was greater in males compared with females (1.2 [range, 0.0-3.3] vs 0.7 [range, 0.0-2.0] L, respectively; P < .0001). In conclusion, a large proportion of subjects exhibited urine values indicating hypohydration, and many remained in a state of hypohydration at the end of the shift.
Motivating People to Exercise
Authors: Kennedy Ann Blair , Blair Steven N.
Published: February 2014

Physical inactivity is a worldwide public health problem. Primary care physicians are in an excellent position to prescribe exercise and physical activity to their patients. This article discusses theories and methods of behavior change to help physicians motivate their patients to become more physically active. Calls to action for physicians are discussed.
Experimental research on tribological performance of water-based rolling liquid containing nano-TiO2
Authors: Zhu Zuoxin , Sun Jianlin , Niu Tailong , Liu Nana
Published: February 2014

Nano-TiO2 was dispersed in water to study the influences of nanoparticles on the tribological properties of water-based rolling liquid for hot steel. The phase composition and microstructure of nano-TiO2 were investigated by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy methods. The friction reduction and antiwear properties were measured on a four-ball friction tester, and then hot rolling experiments with lubrication have been carried out. The rolling force and surface roughness were measured. Moreover, the surface elements of the steel lubricated by nano-TiO2 rolling liquid were analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results showed that nano-TiO2 as water-based liquid additives can effectively improve the antiwear properties of steel–steel friction pair and reduce the friction coefficient. At the same time, nano-TiO2 shows good lubrication properties during hot rolling. It is inferred from the lubrication and repairing mechanism that TiO2 nanoparticles sediment on the surface of steel, and the lower surface film is formed under high temperature and high pressure. The film possesses excellent antiwear, friction-reducing and repair properties.
Pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation for patients with lifelong premature ejaculation: a novel therapeutic approach
Authors: Pastore Antonio L. , Palleschi Giovanni , Fuschi Andrea , Maggioni Cristina , Rago Rocco , Zucchi Alessandro , Costantini Elisabetta , Carbone Antonio
Published: February 2014

Objectives:

Premature ejaculation is the most common male sexual disorder. The aim of the study was to evaluate the possible therapeutic role of pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation in patients affected by lifelong premature ejaculation.

Methods:

We treated 40 men with lifelong premature ejaculation, reporting, a baseline intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) ≤ 1 min, with 12-week pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation.

Results:

At the end of the rehabilitation, mean IELTs were calculated to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy. At the end of the treatment, 33 (82.5%) of the 40 patients gained control of their ejaculatory reflex, with a mean IELT of 146.2 s (range: 123.6–152.4 s). A total of 13 out of 33 (39%) patients were evaluated at 6 months follow up, and they maintained a significant IELT (112.6 s) compared with their initial IELT (mean 39.8 s).

Conclusions:

The results obtained in our subjects treated with pelvic floor rehabilitation are promising. This therapy represents an important cost reduction compared with the standard treatment (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors). Based on the present data, we propose pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation as a new, viable therapeutic option for the treatment of premature ejaculation.
Telehealth Remote Monitoring Systematic Review
Authors: Greenwood Deborah A. , Young Heather M. , Quinn Charlene C.
Published: February 2014

Aims:

The aim was to summarize research on telehealth remote patient monitoring interventions that incorporate key elements of structured self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) identified as essential for improving A1C.

Methods:

A systematic review was conducted using the Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, and OVID Medline databases with search terms “Telemedicine” AND “Monitoring, Physiologic” AND “Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2.” Study selection criteria included original randomized clinical trials evaluating the impact of telehealth remote patient monitoring on A1C among adults with type 2 diabetes and incorporated 1 or more essential elements of SMBG identified by the International Diabetes Federation (patient education, provider education, structured SMBG profile, SMBG goals, feedback, data used to modify treatment, interactive communication or shared decision making).

Results:

Fifteen studies were included, with interventions ranging from 3 to 12 months (mean 8 months) with sample sizes from 30 to 1665. Key SMBG elements were grouped into 3 categories: education, SMBG protocols, and feedback. Research incorporating 5 of the 7 elements consistently achieved significant A1C improvements between study groups. Interventions using more SMBG elements are associated with an improvement in A1C. Studies with the largest A1C decrease incorporated 6 of the 7 elements and computer decision support. Two studies with 5 of the 7 elements and active medication management achieved significant A1C decreases.

Conclusion:

Telehealth remote patient monitoring interventions in type 2 diabetes have not included all structured monitoring elements recommended by the IDF. Incorporating more elements of structured SMBG is associated with improved A1C.
Detection of 1,5-Anhydroglucitol by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Adamson Teagan L. , Cook Curtiss B. , LaBelle Jeffrey T.
Published: February 2014

Background:

Multiple markers are used to assess glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). New technology that permits simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers combined with those used at the point of care indicative of glycemic control, including glycemic variability determined from 1,5-anhydroglucitol measurement, could provide better management and further insight into the disease.

Methods:

This platform was based on previous research involving glucose detection and uses electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to detect a range of 1,5-anhydroglucitol concentrations at an optimal binding frequency. The enzyme pyranose oxidase was fixed to gold electrodes while a sine wave of sweeping frequencies was induced in purified solutions and in variable presence of whole blood.

Results:

The optimal binding frequency for the detection of 1,5-anhydroglucitol was found to be 3.71 kHz. The impedance response compared to the concentration of target present was found to have a logarithmic slope of 7.04 with an R-squared value of 0.96. This response includes 2 experimental sets, a single test of a low concentration range and a high concentration range with 5 replicates. The relative standard deviation of the high range varied from 28% to 27% from lowest to highest concentrations. Best detection in complex solutions was found in lower blood concentrations of 0.5% and 1%, but maintained relatively high accuracy in concentrations 5% and 10%.

Conclusions:

The sensor platform was successfully evaluated at a high dynamic range of 1,5-AG in purified solutions. In the presence of whole blood, lowest percentages yielded the best results indicating that filtering interferents may be necessary in final device architecture.
Application of the Reference Method Isotope Dilution Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (ID/GC/MS) to Establish Metrological Traceability for Calibration and Control of Blood Glucose Test Systems
Authors: Andreis Elisabeth , Küllmer Kai , Appel Matthias
Published: February 2014

Aim:

Self-monitoring of blood glucose (BG) by means of handheld BG systems is a cornerstone in diabetes therapy. The aim of this article is to describe a procedure with proven traceability for calibration and evaluation of BG systems to guarantee reliable BG measurements.

Methods:

Isotope dilution gas chromatography mass spectrometry (ID/GC/MS) is a method that fulfills all requirements to be used in a higher-order reference measurement procedure. However, this method is not applicable for routine measurements because of the time-consuming sample preparation. A hexokinase method with perchloric acid (PCA) sample pretreatment is used in a measurement procedure for such purposes. This method is directly linked to the ID/GC/MS method by calibration with a glucose solution that has an ID/GC/MS-determined target value. BG systems are calibrated with whole blood samples. The glucose levels in such samples are analyzed by this ID/GC/MS-linked hexokinase method to establish traceability to higher-order reference material.

Results:

For method comparison, the glucose concentrations in 577 whole blood samples were measured using the PCA-hexokinase method and the ID/GC/MS method; this resulted in a mean deviation of 0.1%. The mean deviation between BG levels measured in >500 valid whole blood samples with BG systems and the ID/GC/MS was 1.1%.

Conclusions:

BG systems allow a reliable glucose measurement if a true reference measurement procedure, with a noninterrupted traceability chain using ID/GC/MS linked hexokinase method for calibration of BG systems, is implemented. Systems should be calibrated by means of a traceable and defined measurement procedure to avoid bias.
The Impact of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Low Interstitial Glucose Values and Low Blood Glucose Values Assessed by Point-of-care Blood Glucose Meters
Authors: Hermanns Norbert , Schumann Beatrix , Kulzer Bernhard , Haak Thomas
Published: February 2014

Objective:

In a randomized crossover trial the impact of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was tested on the occurrence of low blood glucose values measured by point of care (POC) measurement and on low glucose values measured by CGM in the interstitial fluid.

Methods:

A total of 41 type 1 diabetic patients (age 42.0 ± 11.4 years, diabetes duration 15.3 ± 10.1 years, A1c 8.2 ± 1.4%) used a CGM system (Dexcom SEVEN PLUS system) twice. In first study phase (CGM blind), patients were blind regarding the CGM current glucose levels and were not alerted when critical glucose values were reached. In the second phase (CGM real time), patients had access to current glucose levels and were alerted if critical glucose values were reached.

Results:

During CGM real time the proportion of hypoglycemic POC blood glucose values were significantly reduced (7.5 ± 5.6% vs 10.1 ± 7.5%; P = .04), whereas the proportion of euglycemic blood glucose values were significantly enhanced (73.7 ± 18.3% vs 68.3 ± 12.1%; P = .01). The duration of low glucose periods in the interstitial fluid was significantly lower in the CGM real time phase (125 ± 89 vs 181 ± 125 minutes per day; P = .005). The time until a low blood glucose was detected by POC measurement was shortened by 33.2 ± 76.1 minutes ( P = .03).

Conclusion:

The study demonstrated that CGM is able to not only reduce duration of hypoglycemia measured by CGM in interstitial fluid, but also reduce the proportion of low POC blood glucose measurements. In addition, hypoglycemia can be detected earlier.
Differences Between Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Interested and Uninterested in the Use of a Patient Platform (e-VitaDM-2/ZODIAC-41)
Authors: Roelofsen Yvonne , Hendriks Steven H. , Sieverink Floor , Landman Gijs W. D. , Groenier Klaas H. , Bilo Henk J. G. , Kleefstra Nanne
Published: February 2014

Background:

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rising in the Netherlands, and health care’s workload will increase. e-Health applications may increase patients’ participation in their care and could help reducing workload. To explore potential users, differences in patients interested and uninterested in e-Health are characterized.

Methods:

A prospective cohort study was initiated in the Drenthe region of the Netherlands. This study included inviting T2DM patients to use e-Health (the e-Vita platform). Patients were offered access to clinical data, laboratory results, educational modules, and a self-management support program. Data were obtained from health record systems of general practices and questionnaires.

Results:

Out of 2674 patients, 1378 (51.5%) participated in the study. Of the 1378 patients, 974 (70.7%) were interested in e-Health. Of 974, 405 (41.6%) were registered for e-Health. Interested patients were more often male, were younger, had shorter T2DM duration, and were higher educated. Of 405, 110 (27.2%) used the e-Health. No differences were found between users and nonusers of e-Health.

Discussion:

Patients interested in e-Health were more often male, were younger, had shorter T2DM duration, and were more often higher educated. However, even in this interested group, the actual participation rate remained low. Together with characteristics and attitudes of caregivers and T2DM patients, the look and content of the e-Health platform strategies that increase interest and participation need to be developed.
Spinning-induced Rhabdomyolysis and the Risk of Compartment Syndrome and Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: DeFilippis Ersilia M. , Kleiman David A. , Derman Peter B. , DiFelice Gregory S. , Eachempati Soumitra R.
Published: February 2014

Exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis related to military training, marathon running, and other forms of strenuous exercise has been reported. The incidence of acute kidney injury appears to be lower in exercise-induced cases. We present 2 cases of exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis following spinning classes, one of which was further complicated by acute compartment syndrome requiring bilateral fasciotomies of the anterior thigh and acute kidney injury. With vigorous hydration and urine pH monitoring, both patients exhibited good mobility, sensation, and renal function on discharge.
Perceived Stress in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Senders Angela , Bourdette Dennis , Hanes Douglas , Yadav Vijayshree , Shinto Lynne
Published: February 2014

Stressful life events are associated with worsening neurological symptoms and decreased quality of life in multiple sclerosis (MS). Mindful consciousness can alter the impact of stressful events and has potential to improve health outcomes in MS. This study evaluated the relationship between trait mindfulness and perceived stress, coping, and resilience in people with MS. Quality of life was assessed as a secondary outcome. One hundred nineteen people with confirmed MS completed the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, Brief Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Medical Outcome Study Short Form–36. Greater trait mindfulness was significantly associated with decreased psychological stress, better coping skills, increased resilience, and higher quality of life. After investigators controlled for confounders, mindfulness accounted for 25% of the variation in perceived stress scores and 44% of the variation in resilience scores. Results support further investigation of mindfulness training to enhance psychological resilience and improve well-being for those living with MS.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Sharatchandra Chattopadhyay on Love and Sex
Authors: Sil Narasingha P.
Published: February 2014

The Bengali novelist Sharatchandra Chattopadhyay (1876-1938) of colonial India and the French philosophe of Enlightenment Europe Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) stand poles apart from each other—temporally, territorially, and culturally. Although Sharatchandra is reputed to have been familiar with a number of romantic writers of England, he does not seem to be acquainted with any literati of Europe, especially of Enlightenment France. Nevertheless, as this article contends, the Bengali writer’s attitude to human sensuality and sentiment or, more precisely, to love, sex, and marriage, betrays an interesting similarity to that of the French author. An upshot of this comparatist exercise is that we gain a fresh outlook on both men’s views on human condition that blurs, as it were, the distinction between modern European and modernizing and Westernizing colonial Indian mentalité.
Inclusive Services for Children and Families From CaLD Backgrounds in an Australian Context
Authors: Sims Margaret , Targowska Anna , Kulisa Judy , Teather Susan
Published: February 2014

The current Australian government is proposing an agenda focused around social inclusion in an attempt to address the complex issues associated with inequality evident in this country. Despite valiant attempts, many agencies struggle to offer inclusive services, particularly to families who have migrated to Australia from culturally and linguistically diverse (CaLD) backgrounds. In this study, we surveyed a range of programs identified by key informants as offering inclusive service delivery with the aim of identifying those aspects of their practice they believed facilitated successful inclusion. We then attempt to position our findings within recently emerging critiques of the concept of social inclusion, of which our participants appeared unaware. This critique addresses the fundamental purpose of social inclusion, and the strategies commonly used to achieve it, arguing that these are based on a deficit approach that positions those who are excluded as “other.” In identifying those who are excluded as “other” and attempting to include them into a hegemonic idea of civil society as functioning citizens, are agencies actually being racist?