bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of growth and drug response of human tumor cells in serum‐free and serum‐supplemented media in human tumor‐clonogenic assay
Authors: Zirvi Karimullah A. , Hill George J.
Published: February 2007

A comparison was made of growth and drug‐response of five human tumor cell lines (HT‐29, colon carcinoma; TWI, melanoma; A‐549, lung carcinoma; Panc‐1, pancreatic carcinoma; and EJ, bladder carcinoma) in serum‐free media (SFM) and in serum‐supplemented media (SSM) using the human tumor‐clonogenic assay (HTCA) system. HT‐29 cells, which had the highest plating efficiency in both SFM and SSM, were used to obtain dose‐response curves for four drugs (adriamycin, 5‐fluorouracil, cisplatin, and BCNU) in the HTCA. Three of the drugs (adriamycin, 5‐fluorouracil, and cisplatin) produced identical drug‐response curves in both SFM and SSM. These results suggest that, for some chemotherapeutic agents, results comparable to those obtained with SSM in the HTCA can be achieved using SFM. Step‐by‐step addition of growth factors and hormones to SFM may be a useful technique to improve some of the technical and logistic problems associated with the HTCA.
Primary fallopian tube carcinoma: Treatment and spread pattern
Authors: Yoonessi Mahmood , Leberer Joseph P. , Crickard Kent
Published: February 2007

The clinopathologic aspects of seven cases of Fallopian tube adenocarcinoma are analyzed. Potential early spread of this malignancy to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes and right subdiaphragmatic area is documented. Multimodality treatment of tubal cancer to include surgery, radiation, and drug therapy (alkylating agents, progestins, with or without 5‐fluorouracil and adriamycin) appears feasible and promising.
Multiple head and neck neoplasia following radiation for benign disease during childhood
Authors: Sirota David K. , Eden Avrim R. , Biller Hugh F.
Published: February 2007

A woman received radiation therapy to the adenoids for benign disease at the age of 10 years and subsequently developed an adenocarcinoma of the middle ear, a parathyroid adenoma, and a papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland in adulthood. This appears to be the first such case on record. The literature of neoplasia after head and neck irradiation is briefly reviewed.
Adenylate cyclase activity and cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels in colon cancer lines and dermal fibroblasts and the effects of cholera toxin and epidermal growth factor
Authors: Nelson Richard L. , Holian Oksana
Published: February 2007

The intracellular concentration and rate of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) synthesis, as measured by adenylate cyclase (AC) activity, were measured in dermal fibroblast cultures, colon cancer lines, and cells cultured from colonic epithelium and colonic adenomas. Dermal fibroblasts had higher AC activity and intracellular cAMP levels than the colon cancer lines (p < 0.05). Benign colonic epithelial cultures (mucosa and adenomas) had AC levels similar to those found in dermal fibroblasts. To characterize further these observed differences, similar measurements were made in cultures incubated in cholera toxin (CT) or epidermal growth factor (EGF). CT stimulated AC activity and cAMP accumulation in both cancers and fibroblasts. EGF had no effect on AC activity in cancers or fibroblasts, and no effect on cAMP concentration in cancer, although EGF incubation did increase intracellular cAMP in fibroblasts. Dermal fibroblasts from colon cancer‐prone patients had AC activity and cAMP concentration not significantly different, though greater, than fibroblasts from healthy individuals. Therefore, although the product of the oncogene associated with colon cancer has been shown to be an activator of AC in yeast, in human colon cancer, AC activity and intracellular cAMP concentration were much lower than in dermal fibroblasts. This difference was so great that AC activity and intracellular concentration of cAMP might be biochemical markers that can be used to differentiate colon cancer from benign cells in tissue culture.
Treatment of pulmonary mycosis fungoides with whole‐lung radiation therapy
Authors: Patel Dhirendra J. , Griem Melvin L. , Vijayakumar Srinivasan , Griem Sylvia F.
Published: February 2007

Visceral involvement is a relatively common but poorly appreciated occurrence in patients with mycosis fungoides. The lungs are the most common site of visceral involvement. Here we present two cases of mycosis fungoides with pulmonary parenchymal involvement, one of them proven by biopsy. Both patients were treated with whole‐lung radiation therapy, with complete disappearance of the lesions and improvement of respiratory symptoms. There was no significant radiation‐induced pulmonary toxicity. One patient continues to be alive with no recurrence in the lungs 17 months after radiation therapy.
Intraoperative irradiation in a rat model: Histopathological changes in irradiated segments of duodenum
Authors: Poulakos Lawrence , Elwell James H. , Osborne James W. , Urdaneta Luis F. , Hauer‐Jensen Martin , Vigliotti Antonio P. , Hussey David H. , Summers Robert W.
Published: February 2007

During intraoperative radiation therapy for carcinoma of the head of the pancreas in humans, a portion of duodenum is often at risk for radiation‐induced complications because of its fixed anatomical position within the treatment field. This study was undertaken to determine the feasibility of using the rat as a model to determine the radiotolerance of normal mammalian duodenum. The procedures used to exteriorize and irradiate a selected segment of duodenum are described. Histopathologic changes in 5‐cm segments of midduodenum were studied 14 and 28 days after 0, 30, 40, or 50 Gy X‐radiation. Complete denudation of the epithelium and thickening of the muscularis and serosal layers occurred in all irradiated segments by day 14. By day 28, even though crypt and villus architectures were atypical, large areas of epithelial regeneration were seen in rats receiving 30 Gy. In contrast, complete denudation of the epithelium were still evident along most of the length of the irradiated segments in rats receiving 40 or 50 Gy. Serosal fibrosis was prominent in all irradiated animals, regardless of dose. These results indicate that radiation doses above 30 Gy carry high risks of complications. The rat is considered a suitable animal model.
Clinicopathologic study of esophageal cancer associated with simultaneous metastatic lesions in the stomach
Authors: Maeta Michio , Koga Shigemasa , Shimizu Norio , Hamazoe Ryuichi , Inoue Yasuhiro
Published: February 2007

Between 1965 and 1985, 89 Japanese patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma underwent esophagectomy. In five of them (5.6%), a simultaneous metastatic lesion from the esophageal cancer was detected within the stomach in the resected specimens. Preoperative diagnosis of the gastric lesions had been made in none of the five patients because of an obstruction that was due to esophageal cancer. All gastric lesions were located at the gastric cardia, close to the esophagocardial junction, with a mean distance of 6.9 ± 2.0 cm from the primary esophageal lesions. Provision of a gastric tube that contains metastatic lesions, for reconstruction of a new alimentary tract after esophagectomy, must be avoided. In cases of inadequate preoperative gastric examination, gastric lesions should be searched for intraoperatively, not only by serosal inspection and palpation, but also by mucosal inspection and palpation after partial proximal gastrectomy.
Demonstration of a well‐characterized tumor‐associated antigen on melanoma cell surface
Authors: Wong Jan H. , Gupta Rishab K. , Morton Donald L.
Published: February 2007

We have isolated and characterized a melanoma tumor‐associated antigen (TAA) from the spent culture medium of a melanoma cell line. Its presence has been detected in 72% of different melanoma specimens but not in normal tissues. Because tumor antigens may stimulate or perhaps block immune reactions to cancer cells, their presence on the cell surface may be a critical factor influencing tumor growth. Therefore, to define further the immunobiological characteristics of melanoma TAA, this antigen was investigated by membrane immunofluorescence. Serum from a melanoma patient known to have a high anti‐TAA antibody titer was absorbed quantitatively with lymphoblastoid cells autologous to the target melanoma cells to remove non‐anti‐TAA antibodies. The absorbed serum was reacted with three cultured melanoma cell lines, UCLA‐SO‐10 (M10), UCLA‐SO‐14(M14), and UCLA‐SO‐24 (M24). Of these cell lines, M10 and M14 are known to express the antigen as assessed by radioimmunoassay. Reaction of the antibody(s) to the antigen(s) on the melanoma cell surface was detected by fluoroscein‐conjugated goat anti‐human IgG. The reactivity of the absorbed serum was inhibited by preincubation with purified melanoma TAA. These results clearly demonstrate that melanoma TAA is expressed on the cell surface of cultured melanoma cells.
Unresectable retroperitoneal malignant fibrous histiocytoma: Prolonged complete remission following chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Tucci E. , Leoncini L. , Pirtoli L , Guarnieri A.
Published: February 2007

Two cases of unresectable retroperitoneal malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) achieving a prolonged complete remission by a combination of chemotherapy (adriamycin plus cyclophosphamide) and abdominal irradiation are reported. Although an optimal treatment policy for such cases has not been established, on the basis of data currently available, chemotherapy regimens including anthracyclines seem the most reliable therapeutic approach in unresectable and/or metastatic MFH.
Antitumor activity of regional lymph node lymphocytes in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Yaita Hidemichi , Yasumoto Kosei , Nagashima Akira , Sugimachi Keizo , Nomoto Kikuo
Published: February 2007

Cytotoxic activities of regional lymph node lymphocytes (RLNL) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of 49 primary lung cancer patients who were subjected to surgical resection were examined by 4 h 51Cr release assay. PBL showed significantly lower cytotoxicity against autologous tumor cells than against K562 and QG‐56. On the other hand, RLNL exhibited the same level of cytotoxicity against autologous tumor cells as PBL, although the cytotoxicities against K562 and QG‐56 were low. Cytotoxicity of RLNL against autologous tumor cells exhibited a significant degree of depression with the advance of stage, T and N factors. Cytotoxicity of PBL did not significantly change as the stage progressed. When both PBL and RLNL were cultured with purified interleukin‐2 (p‐IL2) in vitro, their cytotoxic activities were markedly augmented and the cytotoxicities could not be diminished by the treatment with anti‐Leu‐7 + anti‐Leu‐11b + C'. These facts indicate that the augmented cytotoxicity may be due to lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells.
Results of adjuvant surgery in patients with stage III and IV nonseminomatous testicular tumors after cisplatin‐vinblastine‐bleomycin chemotherapy
Authors: Gelderman W. A. H. , Koops H. Schraffordt , Sleijfer D. T. H. , Oosterhuis J. W. , Homan Heide J. N. Van Der , Mulder N. H. , Marrink J. , De Bruyn H. W. A. , Oldhoff J.
Published: February 2007

From January 1978 to April 1983, 53 patients were treated with cisplatin‐vinblastine‐bleomycin chemotherapy because of advanced nonseminomatous testicular tumor (NSTT). After the chemotherapy, the serum tumor markers were back to normal in 41 patients, of whom 35 were eligible for surgical removal of the residual tumor. In four patients, vital tumor tissue was found in the residual tumor. Salvage chemotherapy resulted in complete remission. Residual mature teratoma was encountered after the chemotherapy in 15 of the 25 patients with a teratomatous component and in one of the ten patients without a teratomatous component in the primary tumor. On completion of the study, 38 of the 53 patients (72%) are still alive, with a median follow‐up of 65 months. Subdivided by tumor volume, survival is found to amount to 92% for small‐volume disease, 67% for large‐volume disease, and 64% for very‐large‐volume disease. Six patients (11%) developed a recurrence in the course of the follow‐up. Exploratory laparotomy after remission induction chemotherapy is necessary in all patients with a teratomatous component in the primary testicular tumor who have become tumor marker negative, irrespective of the roent‐genographic findings of the retroperitoneum. Patients without a teratomatous component in the primary tumor should have exploratory laparotomy only in case of roentgenographic evidence of retroperitoneal residual tumor. A thoracotomy is needed only in the presence of roentgenographic evidence of pulmonary residual lesions.
Effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on time to recurrence and survival of stage I uterine sarcomas
Authors: Piver M. Steven , Lele Shashikant B. , Marchetti David L. , Emrich Lawrence J.
Published: February 2007

We have evaluated the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on time to recurrence and survival in two prospective trials of women with stage I uterine sarcomas. The first trial compared surgery only to surgery plus Adriamycin. The 5‐year estimated survival rate was 36% for surgery alone and 63% for surgery plus Adriamycin. The 5‐year recurrence free rate for surgery alone was 46% as compared to 75% for surgery plus Adriamycin. The second trial, without a concurrent control group, included patients with stage I uterine sarcoma and adjuvant cyclaphosphamide, vincristine, Adriamycin, and dacarbazine (CYVADIC) chemotherapy. The 5‐year survival rate was 89% and the recurrence‐free rate was 80%. In all of these trials, as well as in the report of Van Nagell et al (Cancer 57:1451–1454, 1986) of adjuvant vincristine, actinomycin‐D, and cyclophosphamide (VAC) chemotherapy, there are too few patients to make any formal statistical comparison of the groups, although the surgery plus CYVADIC group appears to be the most promising.
Lymphangiosarcoma in postmastectomy lymphedema (Stewart‐Treves syndrome): Ultrastructural and immunohistologic characteristics
Authors: Tomita Katsuro , Yokogawa Akio , Oda Yoshio , Terahata Shintaro
Published: February 2007

Two cases of lymphangiosarcoma arising in a chronic lymphedematous extremity following mastectomy (Stewart‐Treves syndrome) were reported with not only standard histology, but also special study on the ultrastructure and immunohistology. These cancers developed as a result of chronic lymphedema of the involved limb following mastectomy 15 and 16 years ago, respectively, for breast carcinoma. Immunohistologic and electron microscopic examinations proved that this tumor originates in the vascular endotheliocytes, even though they are clinically chronic lesions apparently derived from the lymphatic vessels. This sarcoma develops multicentrically in an edematous arm and spreads out rapidly, so prognosis is quite discouraging in those patients. They need to be radically surgically treated without hesitation; hence, amputation, not limb‐saving surgery, should be indicated.
Adriamycin‐vitamin E combination therapy for treatment of prostate adenocarcinoma in the NB rat model
Authors: Nesbitt John A. , Smith Jeffery , McDowell Gladstone , Drago Joseph R.
Published: February 2007

Adriamycin used in combination with vitamin E (Tocopherol) was evaluated in the treatment of Nb rat prostate adenocarcinoma. Vitamin E has been shown to enhance the growth‐inhibitory effects of adriamycin on human prostatic carcinoma cells in vitro. The adriamycin‐vitamin E treatment groups had the lowest average final tumor volume, but the mortality rate was 57% (17/30). These results suggest that vitamin E may play a role in enhancing the cytotoxic effects of adriamycin, but may not have any protective effect on normal cells as previously suggested through in vitro methods.
Rapidly growing mature teratoma of the mediastinum: Do sex hormones affect growth of the tumor?
Authors: Uyama Tadashi , Monden Yasumasa , Harada Kunihiko , Kimura Suguru , Morimoto Tadaoki , Miura Kazumasa , Taniki Toshikatsu , Tanida Nobuyuki
Published: February 2007

The case of a 12‐year‐old girl with an anterior mediastinal tumor is reported. A mass grew rapidly and occupied the anterior mediastinum after menarche. Resected material was diagnosed as a mature teratoma. Both estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors were detected in the resected tissue. The titer of estrogen receptors was 2–11.3 femtomoles per milligram of protein and that of progesterone receptors was 9.5–15.7 fmol/mg protein. Based on these data, it was surmised that sex hormones may affect the growth of the tumor in this case. The change in sex hormones after menarche may have played a role in the rapid growth of this tumor.
Hepatocellular carcinoma with bone metastasis
Authors: Gattuso Paolo , Reyes Cesar V.
Published: February 2007

The autopsy of hepatocellular carcinoma at Hines VA Hospital was reviewed for a 33‐year period, between 1954 and 1986. The neoplasm is uncommon and bone involvement was observed in 7.3% or in ten of 137 cases. A clinical presentation of osseous metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma is rare. A brief literature review is also included.
Testicular cancer in young norwegians
Authors: Fosså Sophie Dorothea , Aass Nina , Kaalhus Olav
Published: February 2007

The clinical experience is reviewed in 597 Norwegian testicular cancer patients (age range: 15–45 years) treated from 1979 to 1986. During this period, computer tomography, determination of serum AFP/HCG, and cisplatin‐based chemotherapy represented the modern diagnostic and therapeutic mcdalities. Before orchiectomy 67% of the patients had elevated AFP/HCG. An abnormal postorchiectomy serum tumour marker decrease and the presence of small vessel infiltration in the histological sections of the primary tumour significantly predicted microscopic retroperitoneal metastases in patients with clinical stage I (CSI) nonseminoma. One‐third of these patients had a pathological stage II (PSII). After radiotherapy 99% of 90 seminoma patients (CSI/IIa) survived for 5 years. After cisplatin‐based chemotherapy (+ radiotherapy/surgery) the 5‐year survival rate in 25 patients with advanced seminoma was 81 %. The survival rate in 148 nonseminoma patients PSI/IIa was 100% and 87% in 94 patients with advanced nonseminoma (≥CSIIb). Nausea, general exhaustion, myelosuppression, peripheral neuropathy, and Raynaud‐like phenomena were the main acute treatment‐related side effects. Slight gastrointestinal problems, slight peripheral neuropathy, Raynaud‐like phenomena, and fertility disturbances were frequent late side effects. The sexual life in testicular cancer patients did not seem to be significantly impaired as compared to the normal population. Most of the patients reported no or only slight emotional problems during and after treatment. The need of thorough information at the time of diagnosis was stressed by most of them.

Secondary cancer was diagnosed in 27 of 795 patients (1970–1982) (Testicular: 15; pulmonary: 4; sarcoma: 2; others: 6).

Testicular cancer is today a curable malignancy. Future clinical research has to concentrate on the identification of high‐risk and low‐risk patients, the avoidance of overtreatment, and the reduction of toxicity (especially of long‐term side effects).
Malignant epithelioid schwannoma: A light microscopic and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Chu Tu‐Anh , Shmookler Barry M.
Published: February 2007

Malignant epithelioid schwannoma is a rare variant of malignant nerve sheath tumor that can be confused with both other neuroectodermal neo plasms and carcinomas. The light microscopic and immunohistochemical findings of a malignant epithelioid schwannoma arising in the mandibular region of a 27‐year‐old female are described. The differential diagnosis of this unusual neoplasm from malignant melanoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma is discussed.
Treatment of askin rosai tumor—need for a more aggressive approach
Authors: Parikh P. M. , Charak B. S. , Banavali S. D. , Advani S. H. , Saikia T. K. , Gopal R. , Borces A. M. , Chinoy R. F. , Desai P. B.
Published: February 2007

Fifteen cases of histologically proven Askin Rosai tumor were treated at Tata Memorial Hospital over a period of 3 years. Patients included 12 men and three women. Clinical features included chest wall mass (14), pain (11), bony involvement (6), fever (4), dyspnoea (4), weight loss (1), cough (1), and hemoptysis (1). Previously treated patients received different treatment protocols, which made evaluation difficult. Of our ten patients who have completed induction therapy, five received vincristine and cyclophosphamide, whereas the other five received more aggressive chemotherapy. Complete remission has been achieved in two and four of these patients, respectively. One patient in each group had recurrence of the disease, in both cases at the local site. Thus, from our preliminary data, we suggest that Askin Rosai tumor should be treated with complete surgical excision followed by an aggressive combination of chemotherapy and local radiotherapy.
Incidental detection of carcinoma of the prostate while staging carcinoma of the rectum with transrectal ultrasound
Authors: Ragde Haakon
Published: February 2007

This case report describes the unanticipated results of a transrectal ultrasound performed to stage a cancer of the rectum. During sonography, the normally dense prostate peripheral zone produced weak echoes indicating the existence of an unexpected carcinoma of the prostate. The presence of extensive prostate cancer was subsequently verified by biopsy.
Two years of cyclophosphamide and 5‐fluorouracil as adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II and III breast carcinoma
Authors: Caceres E. , Valdivia S. , Cotrina M. , Lingan M. , Leon L. , Gamboa M. , Olivares L. , Moran M.
Published: February 2007

The results after 6 years of a prospective clinical trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with a regimen of two drugs—cyclophosphamide and 5‐fluorouracil (CF)— for 2 years in 97 women with stage II or III breast cancer are reported. Eligible patients were free from distant metastases. All patients began adjuvant therapy within 4 weeks of surgery; therapy consisted of radical, modified, or extended radical mastectomy. No postoperative radiotherapy was given. The results are compared with a historical control group from previous consecutive patients treated by surgery alone. Patients were stratified by age (younger than 50 or older than or equal to 50) and nodal status (one to three positive axillary nodes vs. four or more positive nodes). The estimated 6‐year survival was 60% for CF patients vs. 31% for control patients (P = 0.001). The estimated 6‐year disease‐free survival was 53.6 and 30.3% for CF and control, respectively (P = 0.007). There was a trend toward longer disease‐free survival (DFS) and survival (S) in patients treated with CF, but this was not significant in all the subgroups. Disease‐free survival was statistically significant in the subgroup of women ≥ 50 years old with one to three positive nodes (P = 0.038); survival in the patients ≤ 49 years old with four or more positive nodes (P = 0.0036); and in patients ≥ 50 years old with one to three lymph nodes involvement (P = 0.038).
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in India: End‐result analysis (1980–1984)
Authors: Koppikar S. B. , Advani S. H. , Gopal R. , Dinshaw K. A. , Pande S. C. , Nair C. N. , Tapan S. , Nadkarni K. S. , Borges A. , Desai P. B.
Published: February 2007

One hundred fifty patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated at the Tata Memorial Hospital from January 1980 to December 1984. Lymphoepithelioma was the most common histologie subtype. Advanced disease in stages III and IV was seen in 22.66% and 72% of the patients, respectively. Complete remission was obtained in 80 of 120 patients (66.66%) with radiation alone and in 19 of 30 patients (63.3%) who received preradiation chemotherapy and radiation. Age, sex, and histology did not influence the rate of complete remission. The N0‐1 nodal status group had a significantly better response of 81% and 36% survival, as compared with the N2_3 group with a 55% response and 20% survival. Only 30 of those who received radiation alone and 10 of those who received preradiation chemotherapy are disease‐free for a median period of 24 months. Twenty‐six relapses have occurred within a median period of 12 months. The 5‐year actuarial disease‐free survival is 13%. This indicates the need for an early diagnosis and combined aggressive treatment to improve survival.
Leiomyomas of the duodenum
Authors: Serraf A. , Klein E. , Schneebaum S. , Davidson B. , Herzic E. , Ben‐Ari G.
Published: February 2007

Leiomyoma is a neoplasm of smooth muscle relatively common in the stomach, but very rare in the duodenal location. Symptoms are gastrointestinal bleeding or abdominal pain resembling peptic disease. Three cases of duodenal leiomyomas are described, and the importance of endoscopy is emphasized as a diagnostic tool. Surgical resection of the tumor is the recommended therapeutic procedure, and the difficulty in deciding at the pathological examination whether the leiomyoma is benign or malignant demands prompt follow‐up of patients after surgery.
Peripheral carcinoid tumours of the lung: A clinicopathological study
Authors: Abdi E. A. , Goel R. , Bishop S. , Bain C. O.
Published: February 2007

Peripheral carcinoid tumours (PCT) of the lung are a distinct entity. These tumours arise from subsegmental or distal bronchioles, are usually well circumscribed and encapsulated, and contain varying amounts of spindle cells. Their histogenesis is from the Kultchitsky or neurosecretory type of cells. Of 52 patients with carcinoid tumours of the lung, 11 (21.1%) had PCT. The mean age was 60.2 years, 9 out of 11 patients were females, and about two‐thirds of tumours were in the left lung (8 out of 13). No patient developed carcinoid syndrome, but three patients had nonspecific respiratory symptoms. Bronchoscopy was not helpful in diagnosing any of these cases. Four patients required a wedge resection of the lung; the other six underwent lobectomy. One patient had tumours detected incidentally at autopsy. Mean tumour size was 2.39 cm (range 1.0‐5.0 cm); four tumours were 3.0 cm or larger in diameter. Three cases (27.3%) had regional lymph node metastases, but no systemic metastasis was discovered. Apart from the patient who was discovered to have carcinoid tumours at autopsy, all others are alive and disease‐free from 1 to 6 years after surgery.
Regression of locally recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the skin following excision of a metastasis: With review of the literature
Authors: Roseman James M.
Published: February 2007

The spontaneous regression of a malignant tumor subsequent to surgical excision of a distant cancer is a fascinating observation. Although rare, this dynamic tumor/host relationship may offer important insight into mechanisms of immunologic surveillance. A better understanding of that interaction may help identify specific aberrations that predisposes to can cer development. Although the literature cites several histologically dis tinct cancers that demonstrate this phenomenon, a report of spontaneous regression of squamous cancer of the skin has not previously appeared. The case presented serves as the focal point for discussion of current concepts pertaining to this apparent host/tumor interaction.
New transurethral system for interstitial radiation of prostate cancer
Authors: Baumgartner George , Callahan Daniel , McKiel Charles F. , Zickgraf Eric , Forgione Hebe
Published: February 2007

Direct endoscopic implantation of radioactive materials for carcinoma of the prostate without an open operation was accomplished by the use of modified existing transurethral instrumentation and techniques. The closed approach seems applicable particularly to the geriatric population, which is afflicted more commonly but is frequently not treated because of concurrent diseases or because the patient had transurethral resection of the prostate as a diagnostic procedure. Eleven patients were implanted using the transurethral route. Implantations were accomplished successfully with extremely low morbidity. Along with more conventional dosimetry studies, computer tomography was used to assess the placement of seeds. The direct visualization of the method suggests a potential for greater precision of seed placement as illustrated by computer tomography. In addition, this new instrumentation and method offers a low‐risk procedure for carcinoma of the prostate that can be performed on an outpatient basis for selected patients.
Prevention of hemorrhage by elastic suture material used for securing intravenous catheters within major branches of the portal vein
Authors: Sucarbaker Paul H.
Published: February 2007

Portal venous infusion of chemotherapy may prove to be an important treatment effective in diminishing the incidence of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. To infuse drugs safely and reliably, we have cannulated major branches of the portal vein exposed during right or left colectomy. To prevent bleeding into the free peritoneal cavity upon catheter removal, the cannula is secured with elastic suture material. The technique has been used in 30 patients without complication.
Use of the lateral portion of the pectoralis major muscle to cover exposed axillary structures
Authors: Brown Mark F. , Morris Don M.
Published: February 2007

The pectoralis major myocutaneous flap has been used to cover many different defects. This article will describe the use of the lateral portion of the pectoralis major muscle to cover exposed axillary structures when the latissimus dorsi muscle is not available for coverage.
Insulinoma: 31 years of tumor localization and excision
Authors: Zeng Xian‐Jue , Zhong Shou‐Xian , Zhu Yu , Fei Li‐Min , Wu Wei‐Jan , Cai Li‐Xing
Published: February 2007

This report is based on 31 years of experience with 116 cases of hyperin sulinism. Six cases had hypertrophy of the islets of Langerhans, 3 had widespead metastasis from malignant insulinomas, and 107 were benign adenoma cases. An immunoreactive insulin to glucose ratio of 0.3 of the peripheral venous blood before operation is of great value in diagnosing hyperinsulinism. Intraoperatively, immunoreactive insulin assay of the portal blood (IRI) is very valuable in determining if an insulinoma re mains. The dividing line is 100μU·ml−1. In localizing the tumor, “differ ential” PTPC is important before operation. During the operation, fine needle aspiration cytology may assist in ascertaining if the palpable tumor is an insulinoma. Multiple fine needle aspiration cytology examinations can sometimes reveal an insulinoma in an indurated pancreas. Portal vein blood IRI and blood sugar assays may serve to confirm if removal of the insulinoma is complete. Removal of the insulinoma controls hypoglycemia satisfactorily, but the brain damage incurred by prolonged hypoglycemia cannot be significantly altered. Removal of the tumor should be by enu cleation. and the raw surface of the pancreas should be drained not sutured.
Multiple functioning paraganglioma associated with polycythemia
Authors: Imai Tsuneo , Funahashi Hiroomi , Sato Yasuyuki , Nozaki Hideki , Asano Michio , Ueda Masakazu , Takagi Hiroshi
Published: February 2007

Multiple retroperitoneal functioning paraganglioma complicated by polycythemia is reported in the case of a girl who, at the age of 13 years complained of headache, palpitation, and faintness preoperatively. In the retroperitoneal cavity, there were 21 paragangliomas larger than 1 cm in diameter. All were removed surgically in two sections, the first in 1979 and the second in 1983. Bilateral adrenals were macroscopically normal, and her symptoms disappeared. Now the recurrence of retroperitoneal paraganglioma is likely, although there have been no symptoms for 8 years, since the first operation. It is difficult to conclude that the tumors were benign or malignant in this case. Though complication of polycythemia had been diagnosed before the operation, the symptom continued even with the serum erythropoietin level kept in the normal range. Association of polycythemia with paraganglioma is extremely rare, and it is also rare to find more than 10 paragangliomas. Only a limited number of reports have been made on each case in the literature.
Prognostic significance of mRNA‐encoding estrogen receptor and epithelial growth factor receptor in breast carcinoma progression into lymph nodes: 1. Estrogen receptor encoding mRNA
Authors: Hakim Anwar A.
Published: February 2007

The main objective of this study was to differentiate between lymph nodes infiltrated by estrogen receptor‐positive (ER+) and estrogen receptor‐negative (ER−) breast carcinoma. Lymph nodes were obtained from 40 postmenopausal cancer patients, 10 from each disease stage. Six patients from each group had estrogen receptor‐positive (BCaER+) and four estrogen receptor‐negative (BCaER−) tumors. Both tumor‐containing (T) and uninvolved (N) lymph nodes from the same patient were examined by the following parameters: magnitude of lymph node nucleic acid hybridization with cDNA probes from breast cancer MCF‐7ER+ and MCF‐7ER− cells; and binding capacity of 3H‐estradiol, 125I‐EGF, and 125I‐PDGF binding and protein kinase C activities of the lymph nodes. Concomitant with the appearance of transformed cells, several events occur: Tumor cells induce stimulation of mononuclear cells and macrophages and evoke T‐ and B‐cell proliferation, leading to the synthesis of tumor cell membrane‐associated antibodies. In estrogen receptor‐positive (ER+) breast carcinoma, estrogens and host hormonal modulatory mechanisms stimulate production and release of epithelial growth (EGF) and platelet‐derived growth factors (PDGF). These factors are characterized by protein kinase C activities. There is infiltration of tumor cells into the lymph node and infiltration of leukocytes into the tumor site. In the lymph node, tumor progression depends on tumor cell proliferation rate and metastatic agressiveness. The experiments described in this study document the changes that occur in lymph nodes, with differences between nodes infiltrated with BCaER+ and BCaER− breast carcinomas. Hybridization of 32P‐cDNA from MCF‐7ER+ cells with cellular RNA from BCaER+ involved (T) lymph nodes is greater than with cellular RNA from uninvolved (N) lymph nodes. The magnitude of hybridization correlated (P < 0.005) with the disease stage.
Tissue carcinoembryonic antigen levels in benign and malignant diseases of the breast
Authors: Horowitz J. D. , Au F. C. , Tang C. K. , Stein B. , Campana T. J.
Published: February 2007

The peroxidase‐antiperoxidase histochemical method of staining for tissue carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was performed on 20 samples of malignant breast tissue, 20 samples of fibroadenomatous breast tissue, and 15 samples of breast tissue that variably contained minimal fibrosis (N = 7), ductal ectasia (N = 5), and sclerosing adenosis (N = 3; the fibrocystic changes of the breast). The intensity of staining was described to be either negative, weak, intermediate, or strong and was assigned a point value of 1, 2, 3, or 4, respectively. The following weighted average values of tissue CEA were obtained: carcinoma, 3.35 ± 0.88; fibroadenomas, 2.85 ± 0.67; fibrocystic changes, 2.13 ± 0.52. Carcinomatous tissue is likely (55%) to display intense tissue staining, whereas fibrocystic disease (0%) or fibroadenoma (15%) are unlikely to exhibit such a reaction. The tissue CEA content between carcinoma and fibrocystic changes (P < 0.01), carcinoma and fibroadenoma (P < 0.01), and fibroadenoma and fibrocystic changes (P < 0.05) are statistically significant.
Effect of splenectomy upon the growth of B16‐F10 melanoma and its relation to the interferon system
Authors: Stoll Howard L. , Chadha Kailash C.
Published: February 2007

The influence of splenectomy upon the growth of B16‐F10 malignant melanoma and changes in interferon‐synthesizing ability in mice were studied. Surgical stress alone temporarily diminished the ability of mice to respond to interferon induction by poly rIrC. Two weeks following the surgery, mock‐splenectomized mice fully regained their interferon synthesis ability. However, this was not true in the case of splenectomized mice. They remained refractory to interferon induction. The removal of the spleen had no obvious effect on the rate of pulmonary metastasis in mice injected with B16‐F10 malignant melanoma in relation to the mock‐splenectomized or control mice. Mice that were splenectomized and inoculated with B16‐F10 melanoma also remained refractory to interferon induction.
Vaccinia virus‐infected C‐C36 colon tumor cell lysates stimulate cellular responses in vitro and protect syngeneic balb/c mice from tumor cell challenge
Authors: Iwaki Hiroyuki , Barnavon Yoav , Bash Jerry A. , Wallack Marc K.
Published: February 2007

Vaccinia virus (VV) was used to infect and lyse the Balb/c colon tumor line C‐C36 to prepare oncolysate (VCO) with augmented immunogenicity. Mice treated with VCO and challenged with C‐C36 were significantly protected against tumor growth as compared to untreated controls (P < 0.001) and mice treated with CO (P < 0.01). Moreover, protection induced by VCO was specific when growth inhibition of C‐C36 was compared to that of meth‐A (P = 0.027). Splenocytes from mice stimulated with VCO in vitro showed greater proliferation than splenocytes stimulated with CO alone or VV alone, suggesting induction of a unique VCO component. Additional evidence for a specific response was suggested by the observation that splenocytes stimulated with VCO in vitro demonstrated augmented cytolysis of C‐C36 but did not show cytolytic activity against unrelated target cells. However, augmented cytolysis of the natural killer (NK)‐sensitive YAC‐1 by VCO‐stimulated splenocytes was also observed. These results suggest that in vivo resistance to tumor challenge induced by VCO treatment may result from stimulation of both specific and nonspecific effector cells.
Accuracy of cytologic diagnosis and cytotyping of sputum in primary lung cancer: Analysis of 161 cases
Authors: Liang Xiao Man
Published: February 2007

Sputum cytologic examination is still an important method for diagnosing lung cancer, and it is simple to perform. The present report is an analysis of 161 cases of primary lung cancer proved by thoracotomy. A detection rate of 73.3% in sputum and 84.5% in combination with other cytologic methods have been obtained. Cytotyping accuracy as compared with histologic classification in 105 cases was 79.0%. The importance of examining more than three sputum samples from a patient with suspected lung cancer is stressed.
Immunohistochemical analysis of mesocolic lymph node cells in human colorectal cancer
Authors: Miura Seiji , Tsuchiya Haruo , Shikata Jun‐Ichi , Hosoda Yōichirō , Shiina Eiichi
Published: February 2007

Localization of lymphocyte subsets and macrophages in the mesocolic lymph node of the colorectal cancer and their distribution among the paracolic, intermediate, and main nodes were studied quantitatively by means of immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies. In all of the three lymph node groups, in the paracortex, helper/inducer T cells were more numerous than suppressor/ cytotoxic T cells. The number of whole T cells in the paracortex diminished with increasing proximity to the primary tumor. In the three lymph node groups, no significant difference was found regarding the ratio of the cell number among suppressor/ cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages. Lymphocytes in the paracortex of lymph node had a positive correlation to lymphocytes in the peritumoral stroma and intratumoral fields. These data neither suggest the presence of a powerful immunological reaction in the mesocolic lymph node nor support the concept of conservation of uninvolved regional lymph nodes in the surgery of the colorectal cancer.
Clinical and histopathological appraisal of preoperative irradiation for adenocarcinoma of the pancreatoduodenal region
Authors: Ishikawa Osamu , Ohhigashi Hiroaki , Teshima Teruki , Chatani Masashi , Inoue Toshihiko , Tanaka Sachiko , Kitamura Tsugio , Wada Akira , Sasaki Yo , Imaoka Shingi , Iwanaga Takeshi
Published: February 2007

A retrospective review to elucidate the rationale of preoperative irradiation was made on 18 carcinomas of the head of the pancreas area. After 50 Gy/25 fractions of 10 MV X‐ray was given, all 18 tumors decreased from 3.3±0.8 cm to 2.0±0.7 cm. At the surgical operation, 16 patients (89%) received pancreatic resection, without operative death. Histologically, in 13 of these 16 cases, the population of severely degenerative cancer cells (SDCC) was more than 1/3 of all cancer cells, and SDCCs were likely to locate at the periphery (advancing point of carcinoma). These histological patterns were considered as favorable to improve the operative curability. However, in the remaining three cases, the SDCC population was less than 1/3. In addition, nonaffected (i.e., viable) cancer cells were detected at the periphery, and this is an extremely adverse condition for subsequent surgery. Chronic pancreatitis in the noncancerous area was present in these three cases, but not in the 13 cases. Therefore, the most significant factor that predicts the radioresistance especially at the periphery of the carcinoma was considered to be coexisting chronic pancreatitis.
Angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma: Flow cytometric DNA analysis of six cases
Authors: El‐Naggar Adel K. , Ro Jae Y. , Ayala Alberto G. , Hinchey William W. , Abdul‐Karim Fadi W. , Batsakis John G.
Published: February 2007

Using flow cytometry, we examined the DNA content of six angiomatoid “malignant” fibrous histiocytomas (AMFH), seven nonangiomatoid MFH, and seven myxoid variants of MFH. All six AMFHs were diploid. All nonangiomatoid MFHs and six of seven of the myxoid variant were aneuploid. The clinical course, histological appearance, and ploidy pattern of AMFH are distinctly different from other MFH variants. These differences strongly suggest that AMFH is at the benign end of the clinicobiologic spectrum manifested by “malignant” fibrous histiocytomas.
Megaprostheses in the treatment of primary malignant and metastatic tumors in the hip region
Authors: Veth R. P. H. , Nielsen H. K. L. , Oldhoff J. , Koops H. Schraffordt , Mehta D. , Oosterhuis J. W. , Kamps W. A. , Göeken L. N. H.
Published: February 2007

Twenty patients with malignant bone tumors of the hip region were treated surgically by resection and reconstruction with an endoprosthesis. Histologic types included five primary bone tumors and 15 metastatic lesions. At review four primary bone tumor patients are still alive without evidence of disease. The length of the observation period varied from 26 to 104 months. Eleven patients with metastatic bone disease died. The average postsurgical survival time was 23 months. All patients were able to walk with or without a cane. Failure of an endoprosthesis occurred in one case. According to the Enneking Evaluation System 11 patients had a good and 9 a fair result.
Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma in Northern Israel: A study of 481 patients with emphasis on ethnic‐related patterns
Authors: Cohen Yoram , Kuten Abraham , Ben‐Shahar Menahem , Haim Nissim , Epelbaum Ron , Ben‐Arie Yehudith
Published: February 2007

During the period between 1970‐1984, 481 patients with previously untreated non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma were referred to the Northern Israel Oncology Center, Haifa. There were 264 (54.9%) Ashkenazi Jews, 123 (25.6%) non‐Ashkenazi Jews, and 86 (17.9%) Arabs. The mean age at diagnosis was 60 ± 15 years for Ashkenazi Jews, 45 ± 22 years for non‐Ashkenazi Jews, and 36 ± 22 years for Arabs. Ashkenazi Jews had a higher rate of nodular lymphoma compared to non‐Ashkenazi Jews and Arabs. Extranodal lymphoma occurred more frequently in non‐Ashkenazi Jews and Arabs. Lymphoma of the small intestine was more common in Arabs than in Ashkenazi and non‐Ashkenazi Jews. Despite these differences in the pattern of disease, 5 year actuarial survival figures for the various ethnic groups were similar.
Bilateral radical neck dissection: Report of results in 55 patients
Authors: Ahn Chae , Sindelar William F.
Published: February 2007

Between 1952 and 1982, 55 patients underwent bilateral radical neck dissections at the National Cancer Institute. Of these, 17 patients had simultaneous (one‐stage) bilateral dissections and 38 had nonsimulta‐neous (two‐stage) dissections. In 37 patients both internal jugular veins were removed, while one vein was preserved in 18 patients. The operative mortality was 11.8% (2/17 patients) for simultaneous bilateral neck dissections and 2.6% (1/38 patients) for nonsimultaneous staged dissections. The overall operative mortality was 5.4%. Of the 18 patients in whom one jugular vein was preserved, six patients (33%) had postoperative facial edema and swelling, while of the 37 patients in which neither jugular vein was saved, 20 patients (54%) developed significant postoperative facial edema. The overall 2‐year recurrence rate was 50%. The overall survival rates were 55% at 3 years and 39% at 5 years.
Management of malignant obstructive jaundice
Authors: Rosen Joseph , Young Shun C. , Berman Joel , Magill Thomas
Published: February 2007

This study compares the efficacy of percutaneous transhepatic drainage (PTD) versus operative biliary decompression for patients with malignant obstructive jaundice. The utilization of preoperative PTD as a surgical adjuvant is also examined. The records of 90 patients with obstructed jaundice from two large community hospitals were reviewed. In the group of patients undergoing curative resections, no advantage was noted for the patients who received preoperative PTD. The patients receiving only surgery left the hospital 8 days sooner. For the patients undergoing palliative treatment, the group receiving only the surgery had the lowest morbidity and mortality and the longest survival rates. The patients receiving only PTD had the shortest hospital stay, but also had many complications, the highest mortality rate, and the shortest survival rate. The group receiving preoperative PTD followed by surgical decompression had more complications and stayed in the hospital longer, with no change in postoperative mortality.
Invasion and metastasis following orthotopic transplantation of human pancreatic cancer in the nude mouse
Authors: Vezeridis Michael P. , Doremus Craig M. , Tibbetts Lance M. , Tzanakakis George , Jackson Benjamin T.
Published: February 2007

A good experimental model for metastasis of human pancreatic cancer would be a valuable tool for the study of this process, which contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. Models of experimental metastasis using injection of tumor cells into the portal or systemic circulation bypass some important steps of the metastatic process. We describe invasion and metastasis following orthotopic transplantation of human pancreatic carcinoma into nude mice. Tumor pieces were used as xenografts in this study, and metastases were observed in the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and distant lymph nodes of the animals. Peritoneal implants and ascites were not observed in this study. Orthotopic transplantation of human pancreatic cancer in the nude mouse appears to be a promising model of spontaneous metastasis relevant to clinical reality.