bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN EMPRICAL POINT ERROR MODEL FOR TLS DERIVED POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Ozendi Mustafa , Akca Devrim , Topan Hüseyin
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The random error pattern of point clouds has significant effect on the quality of final 3D model. The magnitude and distribution of random errors should be modelled numerically. This work aims at developing such an anisotropic point error model, specifically for the terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) acquired 3D point clouds. A priori precisions of basic TLS observations, which are the range, horizontal angle and vertical angle, are determined by predefined and practical measurement configurations, performed at real-world test environments. A priori precision of horizontal (𝜎𝜃) and vertical (𝜎𝛼) angles are constant for each point of a data set, and can directly be determined through the repetitive scanning of the same environment. In our practical tests, precisions of the horizontal and vertical angles were found as 𝜎𝜃=±36.6𝑐𝑐 and 𝜎𝛼=±17.8𝑐𝑐, respectively. On the other hand, a priori precision of the range observation (𝜎𝜌) is assumed to be a function of range, incidence angle of the incoming laser ray, and reflectivity of object surface. Hence, it is a variable, and computed for each point individually by employing an empirically developed formula varying as 𝜎𝜌=±2−12 𝑚𝑚 for a FARO Focus X330 laser scanner. This procedure was followed by the computation of error ellipsoids of each point using the law of variance-covariance propagation. The direction and size of the error ellipsoids were computed by the principal components transformation. The usability and feasibility of the model was investigated in real world scenarios. These investigations validated the suitability and practicality of the proposed method.
MODEL BASED VIEWPOINT PLANNING FOR TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING FROM AN ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Wujanz D. , Neitzel F.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Despite the enormous popularity of terrestrial laser scanners in the field of Geodesy, economic aspects in the context of data acquisition are mostly considered intuitively. In contrast to established acquisition techniques, such as tacheometry and photogrammetry, optimisation of the acquisition configuration cannot be conducted based on assumed object coordinates, as these would change in dependence to the chosen viewpoint. Instead, a combinatorial viewpoint planning algorithm is proposed that uses a given 3D-model as an input and simulates laser scans based on predefined viewpoints. The method determines a suitably small subset of viewpoints from which the sampled object surface is preferably large. An extension of the basic algorithm is proposed that only considers subsets of viewpoints that can be registered to a common dataset. After exemplification of the method, the expected acquisition time in the field is estimated based on computed viewpoint plans.
DETERMINATION OF STEERING WHEEL ANGLES DURING CAR ALIGNMENT BY IMAGE ANALYSIS METHODS
Authors: Mueller M. , Voegtle T.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Optical systems for automatic visual inspections are of increasing importance in the field of automation in the industrial domain. A new application is the determination of steering wheel angles during wheel track setting of the final inspection of car manufacturing. The camera has to be positioned outside the car to avoid interruptions of the processes and therefore, oblique images of the steering wheel must be acquired. Three different approaches of computer vision are considered in this paper, i.e. a 2D shape-based matching (by means of a plane to plane rectification of the oblique images and detection of a shape model with a particular rotation), a 3D shape-based matching approach (by means of a series of different perspectives of the spatial shape of the steering wheel derived from a CAD design model) and a point-to-point matching (by means of the extraction of significant elements (e.g. multifunctional buttons) of a steering wheel and a pairwise connection of these points to straight lines). The HALCON system (HALCON, 2016) was used for all software developments and necessary adaptions. As reference a mechanical balance with an accuracy of 0.1° was used. The quality assessment was based on two different approaches, a laboratory test and a test during production process. In the laboratory a standard deviation of ±0.035° (2D shape-based matching), ±0.12° (3D approach) and ±0.029° (point-to-point matching) could be obtained. The field test of 291 measurements (27 cars with varying poses and angles of the steering wheel) results in a detection rate of 100% and ±0.48° (2D matching) and ±0.24° (point-to-point matching). Both methods also fulfil the request of real time processing (three measurements per second).
ON FUNDAMENTAL EVALUATION USING UAV IMAGERY AND 3D MODELING SOFTWARE
Authors: Nakano K. , Suzuki H. , Tamino T. , Chikatsu H.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which have been widely used in recent years, can acquire high-resolution images with resolutions in millimeters; such images cannot be acquired with manned aircrafts. Moreover, it has become possible to obtain a surface reconstruction of a realistic 3D model using high-overlap images and 3D modeling software such as Context capture, Pix4Dmapper, Photoscan based on computer vision technology such as structure from motion and multi-view stereo. 3D modeling software has many applications. However, most of them seem to not have obtained appropriate accuracy control in accordance with the knowledge of photogrammetry and/or computer vision. Therefore, we performed flight tests in a test field using an UAV equipped with a gimbal stabilizer and consumer grade digital camera. Our UAV is a hexacopter and can fly according to the waypoints for autonomous flight and can record flight logs. We acquired images from different altitudes such as 10 m, 20 m, and 30 m. We obtained 3D reconstruction results of orthoimages, point clouds, and textured TIN models for accuracy evaluation in some cases with different image scale conditions using 3D modeling software. Moreover, the accuracy aspect was evaluated for different units of input image—course unit and flight unit. This paper describes the fundamental accuracy evaluation for 3D modeling using UAV imagery and 3D modeling software from the viewpoint of close-range photogrammetry.
Climate change and drought effects on rural income distribution in the Mediterranean: a case study for Spain
Authors: Quiroga Sonia , Suárez Cristina
Published: June 2016

Abstract. This paper examines the effects of climate change and drought on agricultural incomes in Spanish rural areas. Present research has focused on the effects of these extreme climatological events through response functions, considering effects on crop productivity and average incomes. Among the impacts of droughts, we focused on potential effects on income distribution. The study of the effects on abnormally dry periods is therefore needed in order to perform an analysis of diverse social aspects in the long term. We estimate crop production functions for a range of Mediterranean crops in Spain and we use a measure of the decomposition of inequality to estimate the impact of climate change and drought on yield disparities. Certain adaptation measures may require a better understanding of risks by the public to achieve general acceptance. We provide empirical estimations for the marginal effects of the two impacts considered: farms' average income and income distribution. Our estimates consider crop production response to both biophysical and socio-economic aspects to analyse long-term implications on competitiveness and disparities. As for the results, we find disparities in the adaptation priorities depending on the crop and the region analysed.
Quantifying irreversible movement in steep fractured bedrock permafrost at Matterhorn (CH)
Authors: Weber Samuel , Beutel Jan , Faillettaz Jérome , Hasler Andreas , Krautblatter Michael , Vieli Andreas
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Identifying precursors of gravity-driven slope instabilities in inhomogeneous fractured rock masses is a challenging task. Recent laboratory studies have brought upon an enhanced understanding of rock fatigue and fracturing in cold environments but were not successfully confirmed by field studies. In this study we monitor environmental conditions, rock temperatures and fracture dynamics at 3500 m a.s.l. on the steep, strongly fractured Hörnligrat of Matterhorn (Swiss Alps). Here we analyze seven years of continuous data of the long term evolution of fracture dynamics in permafrost offering unprecedented level of detail and observation duration. The fracture dynamics consists of reversible and irreversible movement components resulting from a combination of temporal varying driving and resisting forces. As irreversible motion is suspected to occur prior to global gravity-driven slope failure, we developed a statistical model, assuming the reversible deformation is caused by thermo-mechanical induced strain, and tested it successfully with field measurements from steep permafrost bedrock. We apply this linear regression model to our data set of fracture dynamics and rock temperature in order to separate the residual irreversible movement component. From this, we produce a new metric that quantifies relative irreversibility of fracture dynamics and enables a better interpretation of the data. This index of irreversibility is based on in situ measurements and enables a local assessment of rock wall stability. Here we show how environmental forcing causes reversible and irreversible rock mass deformations that might be relevant in preconditioning rock slope instability. In general, all locations instrumented show a trend of fracture opening, but at variable rate between locations. At each individual location, the temporal pattern of deformation is very similar every year. All but one sensors show a reversible deformation component caused by thermo-mechanical induced strain. For many sensors, we observe an irreversible enhanced fracture deformation in summer, starting when rock temperatures reach above zero. This likely indicates thawing related process, such as melt water percolation into fractures, as a forcing mechanisms for irreversible deformation. Most likely, such water or thawing leads to a decrease of the cohesion and friction along fracture in the shear zone. For a few fractures instrumented, we find an irreversible deformation with the onset of freezing period, which suggest that cryogenic processes act as a driving factor through increasing ice pressure. It further highlights that irreversible fracture deformation can even at locations in close proximity not be explained by one single process.
Effects of local advection on the spatial sensible heat flux variation on a mountain glacier
Authors: Sauter Tobias , Galos Stephan P.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Distributed mass balance models, which translate micrometeorological conditions into local melt rates, have proven deficient to reflect the energy flux variability on mountain glaciers. This deficiency is predominantly related to shortcomings in the representation of local processes in the forcing data. We found by means of idealized Large-Eddy Simulations that heat advection, associated with local wind systems, cause small-scale heat flux variations by up to 100 Wm−2 during clear sky conditions. Here we show that process understanding at a few on-glacier sites is insufficient to infer on the wind and temperature distributions across the glacier. On average, glacier heat fluxes are both over- and underestimated by up to 16 Wm−2 when using extrapolated temperature and wind fields. The sign and magnitude of the errors depend on the site selection as well as on the flow direction. Our results demonstrate how the shortcomings in the local heat flux estimates are related to topographic effects and the insufficient characterisation of the temperature advection process. The magnitudes of the surface heat flux errors are strong enough to significantly affect the surface energy balance and derived climate sensitivities of mountain glaciers.
Read only: The persistence of lurking in Web 2.0
Authors: Kushner Scott
Published: June 2016

Social media is supposed to be all about participation. But most users don’t participate very much. This essay argues that lurking poses a threat to the prevailing logic of corporate social platforms. It explores the leading discourses of participation and lurking in order to theorize how this threat functions, contributes to the political economy of communication in order to account for both user generated content and lurking, and examines strategies that platforms deploy in order to combat lurking and stimulate steady user participation. Finally, it speculates that platforms may be planning for a future where participation figures less centrally, thereby blunting lurking’s threat.
The domestication of online activism
Authors: Klang Mathias , Madison Nora
Published: June 2016

The convenience and usability of Web 2.0 platforms has meant that Internet traffic has migrated away from the Web. Through a combination of technological affordances, user regulations, and social norms these platforms are shaping the ways in which we can, and want to, communicate. This work looks at the ways in which these changes have impacted on online activism, and asks the reader to consider what happens when political communication competes with cat memes.
Preface: A decade of Web 2.0 - Reflections, critical perspectives, and beyond
Authors: Zimmer Michael , Hoffmann Anna Lauren
Published: June 2016

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The common-neighbourhood of a graph
Authors: Aytac Aysun
Published: June 2016

The vulnerability measures on a connected graph which are mostly used and known are based on the Neighbourhood concept. Neighbour-integrity, edge-integrity and accessibility number are some of these measures. In this work we define and examine the Common-neighbourhood of a connected graph as a new global connectivity measure. It takes account the neighbourhoods of all   pairs of vertices. We show that, for connected graphs G1 and G2 of order n, if the dominating number of G1 is bigger than the dominating number of G2, then the common- neighbourhood of G1 is less than the common-neighbourhood of G2. We prove some theorems on common-neighbourhood of a graph.
On modification of weak structures via hereditary classes
Authors: Ghareeb A. , Güldürdek Aslı
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we introduce and study the properties of some new kinds of generalized closed subsets with respect to a weak structure modified by a hereditary class. Then some already established results are generalized. Also, we define a new kind of continuity depending on the new class of generalized closed subsets.
Regular matrix transformation on triple sequence spaces
Authors: Debnath Shyamal , Das Bimal Chandra
Published: June 2016

The main aim of this paper is to introduce the necessary and sufficient condition for a particular type of transformation of the form A: (a......)  be regular from a triple sequence space to another triple sequence space.
Moment asymptotic expansions of the wavelet transforms
Authors: Pathak Ashish
Published: June 2016

Using distribution theory we present the moment asymptotic ex-pansion of continuous wavelet transform in dierent distribution spaces for largeand small values of dilation parameter a. We also obtain asymptotic expansionsfor certain wavelet transform.
Limit behavior of a heat loss problem on oscillating thin layer
Authors: Messaho Jamal
Published: June 2016

The aim of this work is to study the limit behavior of weak solutions of athermal problem (where the heat loss is considered), of a containing structure, an oscillatingthin layer of thickness, periodicity and heat loss parameter depending of $\varepsilon$. Theepiconvergence method is considered to find the limit problems with interface conditions.
On the second eigencurve for the p-laplacian opertor with weight
Authors: Mimoun Moussaoui
Published: June 2016

abstract: In this paper we establish the existence of the second eigencuve of the p-laplacian with indefinite weights, we obtain also their asymptotic behavior and variational formulation.
Approximate mixed type additive and quartic functional equation
Authors: Bodaghi Abasalt
Published: June 2016

In the current work, we introduce a general form of a mixed additive and quartic functional equation. We determine all solutions of this functional equation. We also establish the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of this new functional equation in quasi-$\beta$-normed spaces.
Subordination and superordination results of p-valent analytic functions involving a linear operator
Authors: Seoudy Tamer M.
Published: June 2016

In this paper we derive some subordination and superordination results for certain p-valent analytic functions in the open unit disc, which are acted upon by a class of a linear operator. Some of our results improve and generalize previously known results.
Bertrand and Mannheim partner -curves on parallel surfaces
Authors: Kızıltuğ Sezai , Onder Mehmet , Tarakçi Omer
Published: June 2016

In this paper we study Bertrand and Mannheim partner -curves on parallel surface. Using the definition of parallel surfaces, first we find images of two curves lying on two different surfaces and satisfying the conditions to be Bertrand partner -curve or Mannheim partner -curve. Then we obtain relationships between Bertrand and Mannheim partner -curves and their image curves.
On statistical acceleration convergence of double sequences
Authors: Hazarika Bipan
Published: June 2016

In this article the notion of statistical acceleration convergence of double sequences in Pringsheim's sense has been introduced. We prove the decompostion theorems for  statistical acceleration convergence of double sequences and some theorems related to that concept have been established using the four dimensional matrix transformations. We provided some examples, where the results of acceleration convergence fails to hold for the statistical cases.
Properties at potential blow-up times for Navier-Stokes
Authors: Zingano Paulo R. , Lorenz Jens
Published: June 2016

In this paper we consider the Cauchy problem for the 3D navier-Stokes equations for incompressible flows. The initial data are assume d to be smooth and rapidly decaying at infinity. A famous open problem is whether classical solution can develop singularities in finite time. Assuming the maximal interval of existence to be finite, we give a unified discussion of various known solution properties as time approaches the blow-up time.
On $g_{ij}$-closed bi-generalized topological spaces
Authors: Bhowmick Rakesh , Debray Atasi
Published: June 2016

In this paper, generalizations of adherence and convergence of nets and filters on a bi-GTS are introduced and studied. Several properties and interrelations among such adherence and convergence of nets and filters on a bi-GTS are discussed and characterized using graphs of functions. Finally, these results are applied to investigate the behaviour of a generalization of compactness, known as $g_{ij}$-$closedness$ of a bi-GTS.
Weakly b-open functions in bitopological spaces
Authors: Sarma Diganta Jyoti
Published: June 2016

The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of weakly b-open functions in bitopological spaces. Some properties of this functions are established and the relationships with some other types of spaces are also investigated.
Wijsman $\lambda-$statistical convergence of interval numbers
Authors: Esi Ayhan , Braha Naim L. , Rushiti Agim
Published: June 2016

In this paper we introduce and study the concepts of Wijsman $\lambda-$statistical convergence and Wijsman strong $\lambda-$statistical convergenceof sequences for interval numbers and prove some inclusion relations.
Fractional Tarig transform and Mittag - Leffler function
Authors: Loonker Deshna , Banerji P. K.
Published: June 2016

In the present paper the Tarig transform of fractional order is studied by employing Mittag - Leffler function. Properties of Tarig transform are proved using the same fractional Tarig transform.
Valuation derived from graded ring and module and Krull dimension properties
Authors: Anjom SHoa Mohammad Hassan , Hosseinie Mohammad Hossein
Published: June 2016

In this paper we show if R is a graded ring then we can dene avaluation on R induced by graded structure, and we prove some properties and relations for R. Later we show that if R is a graded ring and M a graded R-module then there exists a valuation on of M which is derived from graded structure and also we prove some properties and relations for R. In the following we give a new method for nding the Kurll dimension of a valuation ring.
Semantic Fuzziness and Its Translation Strategies
Authors: Fu Zhengling
Published: June 2016

Ever since the appearance of fuzziness, it has aroused heated debate among scholars. Fuzzy linguistics, as a newly developed subject, is a science concerning fuzzy language. Fuzziness is the intrinsic feature of every language so the translation of it should be attached great importance. The translation strategies should be proper when they are adopted in translating fuzzy languages. As far as the translation strategies are concerned, the first strategy can be viewed as semantic translation and the second one, communicative translation.
Public domain as a master frame?
Authors: Haunss Sebastian
Published: June 2016

In a widely cited article Boyle suggests that a movement against the growing propertization of knowledge should develop a mobilization frame centered around the idea of the public domain. Based on an analysis of the framing strategies in the two most important protest mobilizations against extensive intellectual property rights I discuss whether and to which degree these movements did actually put the concept of the public domain at the center of their argumentation. The article uses political claims analysis and discourse analysis to show that the actual framing strategies relied on other frames. It closes with a discussion, explaining why the idea of the public domain is essentially a defensive concept with a limited potential for movements that primarily address the production of knowledge.
'Mosjon på Romsås' (MoRo) - et helsefremmende intervensjonsprosjekt for å fremme fysisk aktivitet i et multi-etnisk lokalsamfunn i Oslo øst
Authors: Jenum Anne Karen , Birkeland Kåre
Published: June 2016

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Kolesterol gjennom mer enn 25 år: Kan svarene sammenliknes over så lang tid?
Authors: Foss Olav Per , Urdal Petter
Published: June 2016

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Homocysteinstudien i Hordaland
Authors: Vollset m.fl Stein Emil
Published: June 2016

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Serum albumin and prevalence of coronary heart disease: A population-based, cross sectional study
Authors: Høstmark Arne T.
Published: June 2016

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Serum totalkolesterol og dødelighet av iskemisk hjertesykdom, alle sirkulasjonssykdommer og alle årsaker: 25 års oppfølging av første hjerte-karundersøkelse i Finnmark, Oppland og Sogn og Fjordane
Authors: Selmer Randi , Tverdal Aage
Published: June 2016

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Spørsmål om legemiddelbruk i de store befolkningsundersøkelsene - fra enkeltspørsmål til full oversikt
Authors: Skurtveit m.fl. Svetlana
Published: June 2016

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Socioeconomic status and coronary heart disease risk factors and mortality
Authors: Egeland m.fl Grace M.
Published: June 2016

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Selvrapportert fysisk aktivitet i norske befolkningsundersøkelser - et metodeproblem
Authors: Kurtze m.fl. Nanna
Published: June 2016

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Har kroppsvekt betydning for bentettheten hos eldre menn?
Authors: Langerød m.fl Trond
Published: June 2016

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Dietary 'acid load' and self reported prevalence of hip fractures: A population based, cross sectional study
Authors: Høstmark Arne T.
Published: June 2016

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Voices of Women - perceptions of health, illness and health care service during pregnancy in Northwest Russia and Northern Norway in 2000
Authors: Heiberg m.fl. Eli
Published: June 2016

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Folat og medfødte misdannelser – Skal vi berike matvarer eller teste gener?
Authors: Stoltenberg Camilla
Published: June 2016

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Bedre helse for mor og barn. En kort prosjektbeskrivelse av Norsk svangerskaps- og nyfødtkohort
Authors: Bakketeig Leiv S.
Published: June 2016

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Teratogene effekter av antiepileptika
Authors: Engelsen Bernt A.
Published: June 2016

SAMMENDRAGCa. 1 av 200 gravide har epilepsi. Gravide med epilepsi har økt risiko for visse obstetriske komplikasjonerog for å føde barn med medfødte misdannelser. Risikoen for misdannelser synes koblet til bruk avantiepileptika under svangerskapet, og ikke til selve epilepsien. Alle typer misdannelser er økt, men leppeganespalteog nevralrørsdefekter utgjør særlig viktige misdannelser. Årsakene til misdannelsene er multifaktorielle.Bruk av antiepileptika i monoterapi kan sies å gi en individuell risiko for større misdannelser påca. 4-6%. Karbamazepin og natriumvalproat gir hhv. 0,5-1% og 2-3% risiko for nevralrørsdefekt. Samletrisiko for større og mindre anomalier inkludert dysmorfe ansiktstrekk synes ikke å overstige 10%. ENGLISH SUMMARYEngelsen BA. Teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs. Nor J Epidemiol 1997; 7 (1): 23-28.Approximately 1 in 200 pregnant women have epilepsy, and 1 in 250 births are to children of mothers whouse antiepleptic drugs (AED). Pregnant women with epilepsy have increased risk for certain obstetricalcomplications, and for giving birth to children with congenital malformations. The increased risk forcongenital malformations seems connected to the use of AED, not to the epileptic syndromes. The etiologyof congenital malformations are multifactorial. Use of AED in monotherapy is associated with anindividual risk of giving birth to a child with a major malformation of 4-6%. The specific risk of spinabifida is 0,5 to 1% for carbamazepine and 2-3% for sodium valproate.
Evaluering av inflammatoriske mediatorer i diagnostikk av alvorlige neonatale infeksjoner
Authors: Døllner Henrik , Johnsen H. , Vatten L. , Arntzen K.J. , Austgulen R.
Published: June 2016

Formål: SAMMENDRAGStudie design: Resultater: IL-6 predikerte uavhengig infeksjon (bidrag til infeksjonsdiagnosen. En kombinert parameter bestående av CRP≥ 10 mg/l og/eller IL-6 > 50 pg/mlga en sensitivitet på 96% (95% CI: 88–100%), en spesifisitet på 74% (95% CI: 65–83%), en negativ prediktivverdi på 99% (95% CI: 96–100%) og en positiv prediktiv verdi på 49% (95% CI: 35–63%).Konklusjon: diagnosis of severe neonatal infections  ObjectiveENGLISH SUMMARY Study design Results: of IL-6 yielded independent contributions to the diagnosis of infection ( mediator made any further contribution to the diagnosis. A combined parameter of CRP≥ 10 mg/l and/or IL-6 >50 pg/ml yielded a sensitivity of 96% (95% CI: 88–100%), a specificity of 74% (95% CI: 65–83%), a negativepredictive value of 99% (95% CI: 96–100%) and a positive predictive value of 49% (95% CI: 35–63%).Conclusion: severe neonatal infections.IL-6 in combination with CRP may constitute a valuable parameter in the early diagnosis ofp
Fototerapi av nyfødte med hyperbilirubinemi: behov for bedre behandling og oppfølging, 93-98
Authors: Roll Ellen B. , Christensen Terje
Published: June 2016

Lysbehandling av nyfødte med gulsott har vært brukt i mer enn 30 år uten at metoden har blitt videreutvikleti noen særlig grad. Man regner med at mellom 5 og 10% av alle nyfødte blir lysbehandlet. Behandlingengjennomføres ved at barnet legges i synlig lys fra spesielle fototerapilamper i mange timer, opptilflere dager. Lysets bølgelengde og intensitet har stor betydning for effektiviteten av behandlingen, og enskal ikke se bort fra risikoen for bivirkninger. Resultater av behandlingen bør undersøkes grundigere, bådefor å vurdere hvor mye bilirubinmengden reduseres, og for å oppdage mulige bivirkninger. Med tanke påbivirkninger kan det ta mer enn 30 år før disse er manifestert. Oppfølgingsstudier som har blitt foretatt, kanha for små tidsrammer, og det kan være spørsmål om det er lyseffekter eller effekter av bilirubintoksisitetsom har blitt registrert. Målet med vårt kliniske og eksperimentelle arbeid på området er å foreta studiersom kan bidra til at behandlingen kan bli mer optimal, særlig med hensyn til lysets intensitet og bølgelengde.I vårt epidemiologiske arbeid ønsker vi å se på langtidseffekter av lysbehandling, spesielt kreftutvikling(lymfatisk leukemi og malignt melanom).Roll EB, Christensen T. Phototherapy of newborns with hyperbilirubinemia – need for better  . Nor J Epidemiol 1997; 7 (1): 93-98.  ENGLISH SUMMARYTreating jaundiced newborns with artificial light has been done for the last three decades without substantialimprovements of the method. It can be estimated that between 5 and 10% of all newborns receivephototherapy. The standard treatment is the use of artificial, visible light sources for many hours up toseveral days. The wavelength and intensity of the light are factors influencing the effect of the treatment,however, the risk for long-term side effects should be considered. The results of the treatment need morethorough investigation for two purposes; to evaluate the therapeutic efficiency and to look for potential sideeffects. Furthermore, recognition of side effects may take more time than three decades. Follow-up studieshave raised the question whether these study-periods are sufficiently long and whether a clear distinctionbetween the effects of the light itself and the neurotoxic effects of bilirubin have been made. The aim of ourexperimental and clinical investigations is to optimize the phototherapy, particularly with respect to lightintensity and wavelength. Our epidemiological work will address long-term side effects of phototherapy,particularly in relation to cancer development (lymphocytic leukemia and malignant melanoma).treatment and follow-upSAMMENDRAG
Nyfødtmedisin i India
Authors: Saugstad Ola Didrik
Published: June 2016

ENGLISH SUMMARYSaugstad OD. Newborn medicine in India. Nor J Epidemiol 1997; 7 (1): 99-102.India has the largest newborn population in the world with approximately 25 million deliveries annually.Of these 1.3 million die in the newborn period and 4 million before the age of five. The last yearsnewborn medicine has become a high priority area in India. The goals by the year 2000 are to reduceperinatal mortality from 60 to 30-35/1000 and infant mortality from 74 to < 60/1000. The number oflow birth weigth infants is today approximately 30% and the goal is to reduce this to 10% at the turn ofthe century. A number of efficient strategies have been developed in order to reduce perinatal andneonatal mortality. Since 1992 the socalled Child Survival and Safe Motherhood (CSSM) program hascontributed significantly to reduce mortality and improve newborn care. The Indian approach is verysystematic summing up in a few key points the necessary care which should be provided at each level.Developing countries could certainly learn from the Indian experience in solving their own healthproblems. The strategy for improving the skills in newborn resuscitation has for instance been verysuccessfull by implementing the program: ‘Give a breath, save a life’. In the course of only 3 yearsmore than 10 000 health care workers were trained in resuscitation procedures.
Samspillet mellom arv og miljø i etiologien til type 1 diabetes. Et subprosjekt i nyfødtkohort-studien
Authors: Rønningen Kjersti Skjold , Magnus Per
Published: June 2016

Målet for Norsk Nyfødt-Kohort er bedre helse for mor og barn. Det planlegges en separat undersøkelse forå identifisere nyfødte som har spesielt stor sjanse for å få type 1 diabetes sammenliknet med andre barn.Kun 4 av 100 nyfødte har høy arvelig risiko for type 1 diabetes. Det planlegges at slike barn skal fåtilbud om oppfølgning med regelmessige undersøkelser frem til de er 15 år. På denne måten vil tegn tiltype 1 diabetes kunne oppdages på et så tidlig tidspunkt at det kan være mulig å forebygge sykdommen.Samtidig vil oppfølgning av en genetisk høyrisikogruppe kunne fortelle hva det er som gir startskuddet tilødeleggelse av de insulinproduserende celler.
Svangerskapsrelaterte psykiske lidelser: kliniske og epidemiologiske utfordringer
Authors: Berle Jan Øystein , Holsten Fred
Published: June 2016

SAMMENDRAGPsykisk sykdom under svangerskapet og i post partum perioden representerer lidelser av varierende alvorlighetsgradog er av stor betydning for morens velbefinnende, utvikling av mor-barn relasjonen og for familien. På dette feltet er internasjonal forskning betydelig, men resultatene kanskje mindre kjent her i landet.Tilsvarende norske undersøkelser er det få av og behandlingspraksis er høyst varierende. I denne artikkelen gjennomgås kort de mest aktuelle svangerskapsrelaterte psykiske lidelser og noen av deres konsekvenser.Behovet for ny forskning understrekes, og spesielt nevnes de store muligheter som foreligger ved en planlagt nyfødtkohortstudie som over to år tar sikte på å inkludere over 100 000 norske fødende kvinner og deres barn. Studien som er bredt anlagt, er initiert av Statens institutt for folkehelse (SIFF) og Medisinsk fødselsregister.Oppstart av studien planlegges i siste halvår av 1997.Berle JØ, Holsten F. Pregnancy related psychiatric disorders. Clinical and epidemiological challenges.Nor J Epidemiol ENGLISH SUMMARYPregnancy-related mental disorders represent a major challenge to modern medicine and the society; illness in this period affects not only the mother or mother-to-be, but also the mother-infant relationship and concerns and influences the entire family. A general overview of pregnancy related psychiatric disorders are given. International knowledge and research is considerable. Few studies in this area are published in Norway, and common guidelines for treatment of these conditions are still lacking. There certainly is a potential for improvement both of clinical practice and services in this field in our country. The authors describe a Norwegian national cohort study starting in 1997 planned as a two year prospective study of all women giving birth, in excess of 100 000 women. This represents a unique opportunity to conduct a wide range of studies of pregnancy related psychiatric illness both in the cohort as a whole and for selected subgroups.1997; 7 (1): 111-116.
Bekkensmerter i svangerskapet et belastningssyndrom?
Authors: Heiberg Eli , Stray-Pedersen Babill
Published: June 2016

SAMMENDRAGSmerter i bekkenregionen under graviditet representerer en epidemiologisk utfordring. Avgrensing overforsmerter i nedre del av rygg er uklar, likeledes patogenese og etiologi. Artikkelen setter søkelyset påmedisinske og sosiokulturelle forhold knyttet til fenomenet. Noen nordiske prevalensdata bl.a. fraspørreskjemaundersøkelsen "Graviditet og arbeid" blir brukt som illustrasjon. Artikkelen konkluderer medforslag til videre forskning. ENGLISH SUMMARYHeiberg E, Stray-Pedersen B. Is pelvic pain during pregnancy a strain syndrome?Nor J Epidemiol  1997; 7 (1): 117-121.Pain in the area of the pelvic girdle during pregnancy represents a challenge for epidemiologic research.Clinically the type of pain related to the pelvic girdle differs from that of low back pain, even if the twotypes of pain often occur together. Pathogenesis and etiology of pelvic pain in pregnancy is unclear. Thearticle draws attention to biomedical as well as sociocultural factors associated with the phenomenon.Some Nordic prevalence data, among them the Norwegian questionnaire study "Pregnancy and Work" areused as illustrations. The article suggests areas for further research.
Perinatale infeksjoner: Er det fortsatt et aktuelt tema i Norge?
Authors: Stray-Pedersen Babill
Published: June 2016

SAMMENDRAGInfeksjonspanoramaet forandres stadig. Artikkelen gir en oversikt over de aktuelle infeksjoner somkan overføres fra mor til foster under svangerskapet og ved fødselen. Hyppighet og forebyggendetiltak i Norge drøftes spesielt.
En prospektiv undersøkelse av sammenhengen mellom kosthold og kreft blant middelaldrende kvinner og menn i Norge 1977-1992. Prosjektbeskrivelse
Authors: Veierød Marit Bragelien
Published: June 2016

SAMMENDRAGI USA er det anslått at 30% av alle dødsfall som skyldes kreftsykdom kan tilskrives kosthold i voksen alder(inkludert kostholdets betydning for overvekt). 4 Fra Statens helseundersøkelser sine hjertekarundersøkelseri Finnmark, Sogn og Fjordane og Oppland i 1977-83, foreligger data om kosthold for vel50 000 menn og kvinner i alderen 16-56 år. Kopling mot Kreftregisteret og Statistisk sentralbyrå gir ossmulighet til å se nærmere på sammenhengen mellom kosthold og risiko for kreft i en kohortstudie medkomplett oppfølging med hensyn på forekomst av kreft, død og emigrasjon. I henhold til kontrakten ombruk av den koplete datafila, studerer vi i dette prosjektet sammenhengen mellom kosthold og risiko forkreft i magesekk, bukspyttkjertel, livmorhals, prostata, lunger og hud (malignt melanom). Den statistiskestyrken i epidemilogiske studier som denne, samt hvilken betydning målefeil i kostholdsvariablene har forrisikoestimatene og den statistiske styrken, blir også vurdert. Denne artikkelen gir en nærmere presentasjonav prosjektet og de metodene som benyttes.Veierød MB. A prospective study of diet and cancer in middle-aged women and men in Norway1977-1992. Project description. Nor J Epidemiol 1997; 7 (2): 201-204. ENGLISH SUMMARYThe relationship beteen dietary habits and the incidence of cancer is studied in 50,000 Norwegian men andwomen aged 16-56 years attending a Norwegian health screening in 1977-83. Linkage to the CancerRegistry of Norway and the Central Bureau of Statistics of Norway ensure a complete follow-up until 31December 1992. The cancer sites included in this project are the stomach, pancreas, cervix, prostate, lungand malignant melanoma. Diet was recorded on a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire at thetime of screening, and intake of energy and fats are estimated. The attenuation of effect estimates due tomeasurement errors in the dietary variables will be investigated, as well as the power of the study. The projectis not finished yet, and this paper gives a description of the project and the methods of statisticalanalysis. The first results were published in the International Journal of Cancer earlier this year. 1
Er konsum av melk og egg assosiert med risiko for kreft? Foreløpige resultater fra en prospektiv undersøkelse
Authors: Albrektsen Grethe , Heuch Ivar , Jacobsen Bjarne Koster , Kvåle Gunnar
Published: June 2016

SAMMENDRAGSammenhenger mellom kreftinsidens og konsum av egg og melk er studert i en prospektiv undersøkelse avca. 50 000 personer i alderen 30-69 år. Kostholdsdataene ble samlet inn i forbindelse med andre runde avhjerte- og karundersøkelsene som ble gjennomført av Statens helseundersøkelser i Finnmark, Sogn ogFjordane og Oppland i perioden 1977-83. Gjennomsnittlig oppfølgingstid var 11,8 år. Omlag 2000 personerfikk en kreftdiagnose i løpet av oppfølgingsperioden. Insidensrate-ratioer er beregnet i en log-lineærPoissonregresjon basert på personår under risiko. Vi fant ingen sammenheng mellom total kreftinsidens ogkonsum av melk (glass pr. dag) eller egg (antall pr. uke), men for spesifikke krefttyper observerte vi enkelteassosiasjoner. Det arbeides nå med mer detaljerte analyser og med internasjonal publisering av resultatene.Albrektsen G, Heuch I, Jacobsen BK, Kvåle G. Is milk and egg consumption associated with cancerrisk? Preliminary results from a prospective study. Nor J Epidemiol 1997; 7 (2): 205-208.ENGLISH SUMMARYAssociations between cancer incidence and consumption of milk and eggs were examined in a prospectivestudy of about 50,000 persons aged 30-69 years. The mean follow-up period was 11.8 years. About 2000persons were diagnosed with cancer during follow-up. Incidence rate ratios were calculated in a log-linearPoisson regression model of person-years at risk. No relations were found between overall cancer incidenceand consumption of milk (glasses per day) or eggs (number per week), but some associations were observedfor specific sites. The analysis of the data is in progress and the results presented are preliminary.
Identification of subjects with occupational exposure to asbestos, quartz, and welding fumes in the general population of Telemark, Norway
Authors: Waage Halfrid P. , Hilt Bjørn
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTA questionnaire survey on the lifetime exposure to asbestos, quartz, and welding fumes among males aged38-48 years (n=9,186) and females aged 40-43 years (n=3,495) in the county of Telemark, Norway wascarried out in 1989-90. The overall response rate was 72%. A total of 42.9% of the males and 39.8% of thefemales were current smokers. Among the male responders, 32.5%, 16.4%, 21.1%, and 10.5% had beenexposed at any time to asbestos, quartz, welding fumes, and stainless steel welding fumes respectively. Thefigures for exposure among female responders were negligible, i.e. 0.7%, 0.5%, 0.5%, and 0.1% respectively.The mean reported duration of exposure for the exposed subjects was 9.8 years for asbestos, 8.8 years forquartz, and 11.3 years for welding fumes. Subjects reporting any one of the exposure factors were more likelyto be smokers. Exposure at the time of the survey was reported by 13.8% among the asbestos-exposedsubjects, and by 22.7% and 34.4% among those exposed to quartz and welding fumes respectively. The needfor primary intervention is emphasized. Smoking intervention in those already exposed to any of thesedeterminants for lung cancer is also needed, as tobacco smoke may increase the lung cancer risk further.Key words: smoking, gender, combined exposures, population survey, prevalent exposure
Blodtrykk målt ved hjerte/kar-undersøkelse i Balsfjord, av lege på legekontoret, og av 40-åringer selv hjemme
Authors: Thürmer Hanne , Lund-Larsen Per G. , Stensvold Inger , Mikalsen Jan Isak
Published: June 2016

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Endring av helsevaner – for helsens skyld eller for å gå ned i vekt?
Authors: Skåra Bjørg Berge , Graff-Iverse Sidsel
Published: June 2016

SAMMENDRAGDenne tverrsnittsundersøkelsen viste en klar positiv sammenheng mellom forsøk på å endre spise- ogtrimvaner og kroppsmasseindeks. Serumkolesterol viste en svak positiv sammenheng med forsøk på å spisesunnere, men det var ingen konsistent sammenheng for gitt nivå av kroppsmasseindeks. Det var helleringen signifikant sammenheng mellom serumkolesterol og forsøk på endring av mosjonsvaner etterjustering for andre variable. Flere kvinner enn menn oppga at de har forsøkt å endre helsevaner til detbedre både når det gjelder kosthold og fysisk aktivitet. Personer som hadde forsøkt å endre spise- og/ellertrimvaner, oppgav hyppigere at de ikke brukte fett på brød eller brukte lettmargarin enn de som ikke haddegjort slike forsøk. De oppgav også i større grad at de drev hard fysisk aktivitet i fritiden. Denne undersøkelsentyder på at overvekt er en sterkt motiverende faktor for det å forsøke å spise sunnere og trimme mer, ogvelge gunstigere levevaner.Skåra BB, Graff-Iversen S. Changing health habits – to improve health or to loose weight? Reportedefforts of 40-42-years-old in Buskerud county, Norway, to change health habits in 1996.Nor J Epidemiol ENGLISH SUMMARYBased on data from the cardiovascular screening programme performed by the National Health ScreeningService in Buskerud County 1996, the participants' effort of changing their health habits are described. Thedata show clear associations between effort of changing habits of diet and exercise, and body mass index.Serum cholesterol showed a weak correlation with attempt to change habits of diet, however, there was noconsistent correlation for a given level of body mass index. There was no significant association betweenlevel of serum cholesterol and effort to change habits of exercise after adjusting for other variables. Morewomen than men said they had tried to improve their habits of diet and exercise. Persons who had tried tochange habits of diet and exercise, more frequently chose more healthy alternatives of fat on bread, andparticipated in harder physical exercise in their spare time. This survey indicates that overweight is amotivation for improving habits of diet and exercise.1997; 7 (2): 267-271.
Sammenligning av to blodprøver fra samme person analysert ved to laboratorier
Authors: Tverdal Aage , Åsberg A. , Bønaa K. H. , Stensvold I. , Grudt G. , Ingebretsen O. C. , Urdal P.
Published: June 2016

INNLEDNINGEpidemiologiske undersøkelser av lipidnivået hosbefolkningen er helt avhengig av at analysemetodeneholder stabilt nivå over flere år. Dette er lettest å oppnåhvis man hele tiden benytter ett laboratorium, oghjerte-karundersøkelsene til Statens helseundersøkelserhar konsekvent benyttet Klinisk kjemisk avdeling,Ullevål sykehus. Ulike hensyn kan likevel tilsi at andrelaboratorier benyttes. Undersøkelsene til Universiteteti Tromsø som har har vært gjennomført fire ganger iperioden 1973-1995, har vært utført ved Kliniskkjemisk avdeling, Regionsykehuset i Tromsø. Helseundersøkelseni Nord-Trøndelag 1995-1997 harbenyttet Sentrallaboratoriet, Innherred sykehus. I dettearbeidet viser vi hvor store forskjellene blir hvisfeltlagene sender prøver fra samme person til ulikelaboratorier. Vi har undersøkt forskjellene mellomRegionsykehuset i Tromsø og Ullevål sykehus, ogmellom Innherred sykehus og Ullevål sykehus.
Familiespørsmål i hjerte-karundersøkelsene
Authors: Westlund Knut
Published: June 2016

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The Intimacy of Thought: Philosophy as the Labor of Friendship
Authors: Mendieta Eduardo
Published: June 2016

This article considers Kant's polemic against Plato, the letter writer, in order to investigate the role of letters in the production of philosophy. It begins with a close reading of Kant's essay against Johann George Schlosser, then takes up Derrida's engagement with Kant's concept of the tone of philosophy, and then turns to a discussion of three female philosophers who used the letter, whether real or fictitious, to engage in the production of philosophy. Something even stronger is argued, namely, that in the genre of the philosophical letter there is something sui generis that renders it, as a locus of the material production of philosophy, vitally humanizing, individualizing, and generously inviting. Many who were traditionally excluded from the calling of philosophy, because of their gender, found in the genre of the letter a way both to discover their philosophical voice and to share in the joy of thinking with another.
Existential Goods of Living in the Instant: Life Lessons from the Ancients
Authors: Innis Robert E.
Published: June 2016

In a challenging work of intellectual synthesis and existential engagement, Pierre Hadot argues for the permanent relevance of certain spiritual exercises that informed ancient philosophy especially in its Stoic and Epicurean forms. These exercises were oriented toward overcoming the fear of death and the constant anguish of longing and regret that mark human life. Taking his lead from the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius, but incorporating a vast range of materials, Hadot challenges us to appropriate the life lessons of the ancients. In this essay I evaluate and extend Hadot's reflections by focusing in particular on the existential good and centrality for human living of living in the instant, exemplified in being present to one's life in all its dimensions. In this way our rush through time to death is overcome in a way analogous to the awakening to the world that informs aesthetic experience in ways that transcend any restriction to art alone and extends to the recognition and contemplation of the marvel of the cosmos, an existential stance that joins the ancients with a nonreductive philosophical naturalism that is remarkably close to the ancient tradition.