bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salivary gland dysfunction and salivary redox imbalance in patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Zalewska Anna , Klimiuk Anna , Zięba Sara , Wnorowska Olga , Rusak Małgorzata , Waszkiewicz Napoleon , Szarmach Izabela , Dzierżanowski Krzysztof , Maciejczyk Mateusz
Published: December 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with the deposition of β-amyloid in the brain. AD accounts for over 50% of cases of dementia which results from disturbances in redox homeostasis. Indeed, increased intensity of protein oxidation and nitration as well as lipid peroxidation is observed in brain areas with considerable amounts of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. However, little is known about the oxidoreductive balance of salivary glands in AD patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant barrier and oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers in stimulated saliva and blood of AD patients. The study was participated by 25 AD patients and 25 non-demented controls without neurological diseases or cognitive impairment, matched by age and gender to the study group. The number of patients was determined based on a previous pilot study (test power = 0.9). We found a significant decrease in the activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), increased activity of catalase (CAT) and reduced concentration of plasma non-enzymatic antioxidants (uric acid, UA and reduced glutathione, GSH). In contrast, in the stimulated saliva of AD patients we observed significantly decreased activity of all antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPx) as well as concentration of GSH compared to the control group. The content of lipid (malondialdehyde, MDA) and protein (advanced oxidation protein products, AOPP; advanced glycation end-products, AGE) oxidation products as well as biomarkers of nitrosative stress (peroxynitrite, nitrotyrosine) was significantly higher in both saliva and plasma of AD patients compared to the controls. In AD patients, we also observed a considerable decrease in stimulated saliva secretion and salivary total protein content, and an increase in salivary β-amyloid concentration. In conclusion, AD results in redox imbalance towards oxidative reactions, both at the level of the oral cavity and the entire body. General redox balance disturbances do not coincide with salivary redox balance disturbances. Reduction in stimulated saliva secretion in AD patients reflects secretory dysfunction of the parotid glands.
Long-term repeatability of peripapillary optical coherence tomography angiography measurements in healthy eyes
Authors: Lee Woo Hyuk , Lee Min-Woo , Kim Min-Su , Ryu Cheon Kuk , Kim Jung-Yeul
Published: December 2021

This is a prospective observational study to establish the short- and long-term repeatability of measurements of peripapillary optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters in healthy eyes and identify factors affecting long-term repeatability. We enrolled 84 healthy eyes. Participants with a history of any ophthalmic disease (except high myopia) or intraocular surgery were excluded from the study. An experienced examiner performed OCTA using disc-centered 6 × 6 mm scans. All examinations were conducted twice at 5-min intervals at the initial visit and repeated at least 6 months later. For short-term repeatability, the coefficient of variation (CV) was 2.94–4.22% and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.840–0.934. For long-term repeatability, the CV was 2.73–3.84% and the ICC was 0.737–0.934. Multivariate analyses showed that the axial length (AL) (B = 0.970; p = 0.002) and mean signal strength (SS) (B = − 2.028; p < 0.001) significantly affected long-term repeatability. Measurements of peripapillary OCTA parameters exhibited excellent short-term and good long-term repeatability in healthy individuals. The mean SS and AL affected long-term repeatability and should be considered while interpreting peripapillary OCTA images.
Intermetallic PdZn nanoparticles catalyze the continuous-flow hydrogenation of alkynols to cis-enols
Authors: Chen Xiao , Shi Chuang , Wang Xing-Bao , Li Wen-Ying , Liang Changhai
Published: December 2021

Designing highly active and stable lead-free palladium-based catalysts without introducing surfactants and stabilizers is vital for large-scale and high-efficiency manufacturing of cis-enols via continuous-flow semi-hydrogenation of alkynols. Herein, we report an intermetallic PdZn/ZnO catalyst, designed by using the coupling strategy of strong electrostatic adsorption and reactive metal-support interaction, which can be used as a credible alternative to the commercial PdAg/Al2O3 and Lindlar catalysts. Intermetallic PdZn nanoparticles with electron-poor active sites on a Pd/ZnO catalyst significantly boost the thermodynamic selectivity with respect to the mechanistic selectivity and therefore enhance the selectivity towards cis-enols. Based on in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectra as well as simulations, we identify that the preferential adsorption of alkynol over enol on PdZn nanoparticles suppresses the over-hydrogenation of enols. These results suggest the application of fine surface engineering technology in oxide-supported metal (particles) could tune the ensemble and ligand effects of metallic active sites and achieve directional hydrogenation in fine chemical synthesis.
NADH inhibition of SIRT1 links energy state to transcription during time-restricted feeding
Authors: Levine Daniel C. , Kuo Hsin-Yu , Hong Hee-Kyung , Cedernaes Jonathan , Hepler Chelsea , Wright Alexandra G. , Sommars Meredith A. , Kobayashi Yumiko , Marcheva Biliana , Gao Peng , Ilkayeva Olga R. , Omura Chiaki , Ramsey Kathryn M. , Newgard Christopher B. , Barish Grant D. , Peek Clara Bien , Chandel Navdeep S. , Mrksich Milan , Bass Joseph
Published: December 2021

In mammals, circadian rhythms are entrained to the light cycle and drive daily oscillations in levels of NAD+, a cosubstrate of the class III histone deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) that associates with clock transcription factors. Although NAD+ also participates in redox reactions, the extent to which NAD(H) couples nutrient state with circadian transcriptional cycles remains unknown. Here we show that nocturnal animals subjected to time-restricted feeding of a calorie-restricted diet (TRF-CR) only during night-time display reduced body temperature and elevated hepatic NADH during daytime. Genetic uncoupling of nutrient state from NADH redox state through transduction of the water-forming NADH oxidase from Lactobacillus brevis (LbNOX) increases daytime body temperature and blood and liver acyl-carnitines. LbNOX expression in TRF-CR mice induces oxidative gene networks controlled by brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1 (BMAL1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and suppresses amino acid catabolic pathways. Enzymatic analyses reveal that NADH inhibits SIRT1 in vitro, corresponding with reduced deacetylation of SIRT1 substrates during TRF-CR in vivo. Remarkably, Sirt1 liver nullizygous animals subjected to TRF-CR display persistent hypothermia even when NADH is oxidized by LbNOX. Our findings reveal that the hepatic NADH cycle links nutrient state to whole-body energetics through the rhythmic regulation of SIRT1.
Short- and long-term warming effects of methane may affect the cost-effectiveness of mitigation policies and benefits of low-meat diets
Authors: Pérez-Domínguez Ignacio , del Prado Agustin , Mittenzwei Klaus , Hristov Jordan , Frank Stefan , Tabeau Andrzej , Witzke Peter , Havlik Petr , van Meijl Hans , Lynch John , Stehfest Elke , Pardo Guillermo , Barreiro-Hurle Jesus , Koopman Jason F. L. , Sanz-Sánchez María José
Published: December 2021

Methane’s short atmospheric life has important implications for the design of global climate change mitigation policies in agriculture. Three different agricultural economic models are used to explore how short- and long-term warming effects of methane can affect the cost-effectiveness of mitigation policies and dietary transitions. Results show that the choice of a particular metric for methane’s warming potential is key to determine optimal mitigation options, with metrics based on shorter-term impacts leading to greater overall emission reduction. Also, the promotion of low-meat diets is more effective at reducing greenhouse gas emissions compared to carbon pricing when mitigation policies are based on metrics that reflect methane’s long-term behaviour. A combination of stringent mitigation measures and dietary changes could achieve substantial emission reduction levels, helping reverse the contribution of agriculture to global warming.
A mitochondrial and lysosomal targeted ratiometric probe for detecting intracellular H2S
Authors: Liu Wenjie , Bu Dandan , Zhang Hongyan , Zhang Meng , Ren Haohui , Li Zhanxian , Yu Mingming
Published: December 2021

A dual-wavelength excitation ratiometric fluorescent probe, HABA, was prepared to detect H2S. HABA had excellent localization abilities toward mitochondria and lysosomes. HABA can not only detect exogenous H2S, but it can also detect endogenous H2S.
Lysine methyltransferase inhibitors: where we are now
Authors: Feoli Alessandra , Viviano Monica , Cipriano Alessandra , Milite Ciro , Castellano Sabrina , Sbardella Gianluca
Published: December 2021

An updated outlook on protein lysine methyltransferase-disclosed modulators is presented, reporting their potency, mechanism of action and eventual use in clinical and preclinical studies.
An efficient catalyst of CuPt/TiO2 for photocatalytic direct dehydrogenation of methanol to methyl formate at ambient temperature
Authors: Zhang Haifeng , Yang Xuzhuang , Gao Guanjun , Yan Jingkai , Zhao Min , Su Haiquan
Published: December 2021

CuPt alloy nanoparticles on TiO2 are highly effective for photocatalytic direct dehydrogenation of methanol to methyl formate at ambient temperature.
Crystal phase-selective synthesis of intermetallic palladium borides and their phase-regulated (electro)catalytic properties
Authors: Li Zhenyu , Zhao Linmin , Chen Hui , Liang Xiao , Ai Xuan , Xie Zhoubing , Li Xiaotian , Yang Feng , Liu Hongyang , Zou Xiaoxin
Published: December 2021

Three Pd–B intermetallics, namely, Pd6B, Pd5B2 and Pd2B, are synthesized, and their catalytic activities toward electrochemical water splitting and Suzuki coupling reactions are strongly associated with the Pd(d)–B(s,p) orbital hybridization.
FeSi2: a two-dimensional ferromagnet containing planar hexacoordinate Fe atoms
Authors: Zhao Ying , Liu Qinxi , Xing Jianpei , Jiang Xue , Zhao Jijun
Published: December 2021

The FeSi2monolayer is a room-temperature ferromagnet (TC∼360 K) with planar hexacoordinate Fe atoms, and can be grown directly on a Si (110) substrate.
Metal–organic frameworks for advanced transducer based gas sensors: review and perspectives
Authors: Majhi Sanjit Manohar , Ali Ashraf , Rai Prabhakar , Greish Yaser E. , Alzamly Ahmed , Surya Sandeep G. , Qamhieh Naser , Mahmoud Saleh T.
Published: December 2021

An overview of the MOF-based gas sensing materials with different electrical transduction principles.
Palladium-catalyzed tandem hydrocarbonylative cycloaddition for expedient construction of bridged lactones
Authors: Ding Yongzheng , Si Min , Huang Hanmin
Published: December 2021

A palladium-catalyzed intermolecular and intramolecular hydrocarbonylative cycloaddition to access bridged lactones was reported.
Solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells using polymeric hole conductors
Authors: Vlachopoulos Nick , Grätzel Michael , Hagfeldt Anders
Published: December 2021

The theory and operational principles of solid-state dye-sensitised solar cells based on polymeric hole conductors are reviewed.
Significantly enhanced photoresponse of carbon nanotube films modified with cesium tungsten bronze nanoclusters in the visible to short-wave infrared range
Authors: Chen Hao , Zhu Junyi , Cao Yang , Wei Jinquan , Lv Bocheng , Hu Qianqian , Sun Jia-lin
Published: December 2021

Compared with CNT film detectors, the CsxWO3–CNT composite film detector shows a significantly enhanced photoresponse from visible light to short-wave infrared region, with an average increase of 400% in responsivity and 549% in specific detectivity.
Carbon dots conjugated nanocomposite for the enhanced electrochemical performance of supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Youssry Sally M. , Abd Elkodous M. , Kawamura Go , Matsuda Atsunori
Published: December 2021

Schematic diagram for the detailed steps of loading CDs-nanocomposite on nickel foam (NF) substrate to enhance the electrochemical performance of supercapacitor (SC) electrodes.
Enhanced storage behavior of quasi-solid-state aluminum–selenium battery
Authors: Lei Haiping , Li Suqin , Tu Jiguo
Published: December 2021

A quasi-solid-state aluminum–selenium battery has been established using gel-polymer electrolyte between the Se positive electrode and Al negative electrode which increasing the utilization of the active materials.
Cu(i) catalysis for selective condensation/bicycloaromatization of two different arylalkynes: direct and general construction of functionalized C–N axial biaryl compounds
Authors: Shang Qian , Tang Haifang , Liu Yongping , Yin MingMing , Su Lebin , Xie Shimin , Liu Lixin , Yang Wen , Chen Yi , Dong Jianyu , Zhou Yongbo , Yin Shuang-Feng
Published: December 2021

Selective condensation/bicycloaromatization of two different arylalkynes is firstly developed under ligand-free copper(i)-catalysis, which allows the direct synthesis of C–N axial biaryl compounds in high yields with excellent selectivity and functional group tolerance.
Natural product drug discovery in the artificial intelligence era
Authors: Saldívar-González F. I. , Aldas-Bulos V. D. , Medina-Franco J. L. , Plisson F.
Published: December 2021

Natural products (NPs) are primarily recognized as privileged structures to interact with protein drug targets.
Control of the Cu morphology on Ru-passivated and Ru-doped TaN surfaces – promoting growth of 2D conducting copper for CMOS interconnects
Authors: Nies Cara-Lena , Natarajan Suresh Kondati , Nolan Michael
Published: December 2021

Modifying the surface layer of the barrier material TaN with Ru controls the morphology of deposited copper.
How many more polymorphs of ROY remain undiscovered
Authors: Beran Gregory J. O. , Sugden Isaac J. , Greenwell Chandler , Bowskill David H. , Pantelides Constantinos C. , Adjiman Claire S.
Published: December 2021

Crystal structure prediction suggests that the low-energy polymorphs of ROY have already been found, but a new high-pressure form is predicted.
PINK1 signalling in neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Whiten Daniel R. , Cox Dezerae , Sue Carolyn M.
Published: December 2021

PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) impacts cell health and human pathology through diverse pathways. The strict processing of full-length PINK1 on the outer mitochondrial membrane populates a cytoplasmic pool of cleaved PINK1 (cPINK1) that is constitutively degraded. However, despite rapid proteasomal clearance, cPINK1 still appears to exert quality control influence over the neuronal protein homeostasis network, including protein synthesis and degradation machineries. The cytoplasmic concentration and activity of this molecule is therefore a powerful sensor that coordinates aspects of mitochondrial and cellular health. In addition, full-length PINK1 is retained on the mitochondrial membrane following depolarisation, where it is a powerful inducer of multiple mitophagic pathways. This function is executed primarily through the phosphorylation of several ubiquitin ligases, including its most widely studied substrate Parkin. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of both pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins by mitochondrial PINK1 acts as a pro-cellular survival signal when faced with apoptotic stimuli. Through these varied roles PINK1 directly influences functions central to cell dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease.
Capabilities of the city government in combating COVID-19 in the city of Padang
Authors: Audia Nia , Putera Roni Ekha , Aromatica Desna , Bisri Mizan B. F.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this research is to explain the capability of the Padang city government in dealing with Covid-19, where Padang City is one of the cities in West Sumatra whose level of spread of Covid-19 is quite worrying. This is based on the increase in the number of Covid-19 cases in the city of Padang when the New Normal policy began to be implemented. The low awareness of the community to implement health protocols is considered one of the factors for the soaring positive case of Covid-19 in the city of Padang. The theory that I use in this research is Disaster Management and Local Government Capability by Bevaola Kusumasari. The data collection method is qualitative, in the form of interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the capability of the Padang City government in dealing with Covid-19 shows that the City of Padang has the ability to suppress the rate of positive Covid-19 numbers. However, Padang City is still weak in terms of law enforcement in dealing with Covid-19, because there are still people who violate health protocols.
COVID-19 pandemic conditions: the role of sustainable environment in intentions to give zakat, infaq, and sadaqah
Authors: Fithor Alin , Muliana Dewi , Afrizal Teuku , Saputra Jumadil
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this paper is to determine the factors that influence the intention to give zakat, infaq, and sadaqah of Indonesian Muslim communities using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model. The sample data used in this study were 128 respondents and processed with SPSS to test the significance of the regression model. The independent variables used are religious beliefs, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, while the intention is the dependent variable. The results showed that the idea of a sustainable environment had a positive and significant effect on attitudes. In addition, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control also have a positive and significant impact on intentions to the surrounding community. Amil institutions can predict the behavior of muzak through this paper. As for academics, this paper is used for further research by integrating perceived behavioral control as a predictor of Indonesian Muslim intentions. This study is an initial study that investigates the determinants of muzak behavior through the TPB model. Therefore, this paper will be helpful to a contribution from academics regarding the behavior Muslim community in the conditions COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia and the world.
COVID-19 threat projection and Its influence toward national defense system
Authors: Octavian Amarulla , Syamsunasir  , Rahmah Nadiva Awalia
Published: December 2021

The covid-19 pandemic that is currently experienced throughout the world has led to great uncertainty upon public health and the national economy. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has shaped the strategic environment landscape with four distinct attributes that might threaten a nation’s survival, namely volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA). Thus, the government is expected to be able to make a swift and timely decision in responding to various threats in the VUCA era. Against the background, this paper discusses issues on global threat projection (especially the Covid-19 pandemic) and its influence on the national defense system, the re-actualization of the Total Defense System in the VUCA era, and the implementation of the Total Defense System in responding to the threats dynamic. To discuss the topic, this study analyzed the influence of global threats resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic on the national defense system, and how the Total Defense System is re-actualized and implemented in the VUCA era. The theoretical foundations employed in this study are securitization, neo-Malthusian, food security, dan society empowerment theories. The changing shape of threats has to be paid careful attention in formulating policy on the national defense system. In line with the complexity of threat characteristics in the VUCA era, the “re-actualization” of the Total Defense System has become an urgency given the current context. Against the dynamics of the current threats, the implementation of the Total Defense System could be examined from national food resilience and society empowerment factors. Total Defense System has to put people's roles at the forefront by guaranteeing the availability of necessities. By doing so, the people's loyalty in both national defense and the Total Defense System will improve along with people’s welfare improvement.
Strengthening social capital of urban community during COVID-19 disaster
Authors: Kristanti Dwi , Edison Edison , Yunanto Mohammad Kus , Alfiandri Alfiandri , Utari Diah Siti , Samnuzulsari Tri , Akbar Dhani , Suyito Suyito , Solina Emmy , Yudiatmaja Wayu Eko
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 disaster has destroyed many facets of societal and economic circumstances. However, it remains a crucial debate how the effect of COVID-19 on community social capital. This study aims to examine the relationship between a community’s risk perception on COVID-19 and social capital. In addition, we also investigate the mediating role of social collectivism in the association. This research used a survey approach by performing an online questionnaire. Data were gathered from 156 respondents at the residence in an urban community in Sukoharjo, Central Java. A partial-least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied to analyze the data. The results show that social capital enhances during COVID 19 because of the increasing risk perceptions on COVID-19 and social collectivism. The impact of risk perceptions on social capital is mediated by social collectivism. The present study adds our understanding of social capital at the time of the COVID-19 outbreak, especially what factors drive it. The research also has practical implications for the government and urban community to anticipate risks of COVID-19 by enhancing social capital and collectivism.
Enhancing pandemic resilience: planning and institutional resilience, a learning model for Indonesia
Authors: Marnani Christine S , Hartanto  , Sutisna Sobar
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most expensive and destructive threats facing millions of people around the world. Policymakers generally have a linear worldview and can help the economy and society to track epidemic shocks and crises by pulling the right levers. For example, in recent years, Ebola, MERS, Zika, and SARS have demonstrated a limited willingness to respond promptly and responsibly. The pandemic emphasizes the need to be more proactive. Yet, existing epidemic response frameworks are either disease-specific, category-specific, or non-specific, with no comprehensive framework encompassing all components of institutional resilience. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic requires a holistic approach to meet the challenges. In this study, the goal of resilience to the outbreak of the epidemic is to develop an overall framework by identifying institutional departments to strengthen resilience planning. The framework can guide evidence-based decision-making and prioritization. This article encapsulates a framework that focuses on the interactions between processes and their system characteristics, which leads to an overemphasis on a limited number of features, significantly enhancing the flexibility of the organization
The impacts of the policies implementation to handle the COVID-19 pandemic in the field of employment
Authors: Bangun Ernalem , Rifqi Muhammad , Prokoso Bondan
Published: December 2021

The implementation of policies to handle the COVID-19 pandemic that has been taking place in Indonesia since the beginning of 2020 has resulted in various impacts, especially in the field of employment. This paper aims to analyze the positive and negative impacts of implementing those policies. This study uses a qualitative method, where data collection was conducted through interviews. The implementation of pandemic-related policies in PT Freeport Indonesia was selected as a case study. The findings of this study indicate that related to employment issues, the positive and negative impacts of the implementation of the COVID-19 handling policy were felt to be most significant on the issues of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) and income. As for social protection (insurance), employment contracts, and severance pay, the impact was relatively not felt by workers.
Vertical and horizontal accountability on disaster preparedness and response of two highly urbanized cities in Metro Manila, Philippines
Authors: Era Marlon
Published: December 2021

This paper focuses on the accountability of disaster preparedness and response of two cities in Metro Manila, Philippines. The paper draws a lesson from the experiences of two highly urbanized cities in Metro Manila and how coordinated efforts in disaster preparedness and response among the members of the City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils (CDRRMC) were accounted for. This paper provides a deeper understanding of how city governments fulfill their commitments and responsibilities to disaster victims during disaster preparedness and response. This study utilized key informants interviews and focus group discussions among key members of CDRRMC and review of existing laws and relevant policies. The upward vertical accountability is well established as this involves members of the City DDRM Councils as the council members are accountable to their respective City Mayors. Downward vertical accountability is not well defined as this refers to the accountability of DRRM frontline service workers to the disaster victims. The horizontal accountability among members of the City DRRM Councils is yet to be established as this involves different department heads who are at the same level of power and authority. The paper provides fresh insights on the vertical and horizontal accountability in disaster governance of cities in Metro Manila.
Proposed solutions of accidents resulting use of 3D coordinate technology in the civil engineering industry
Authors: Amr Salah H. R. Ali , Ariyanto Lilik , Salah H. R. Ali
Published: December 2021

Mechanical engineers have adapted 3D coordinate technology in the design and implementation of cranes to accelerate the production of construction industries, especially tall structures such as buildings and bridges. Structural engineering projects such as buildings, infrastructure, and bridges are central to the development of human civilization. However, it is also a source of some types of accidents and even disasters, which will be referred to in this paper as structural engineering disasters. This paper discusses the concept, types, and characteristics of structural engineering disasters, especially those that talk about the use of high-level 3D coordinate equipment (tower or mobile cranes) and ways to mitigate them. The accidents in practice occur due to dynamic balance defects during equipment operation, which is usually due to incorrect selection or behavior on the construction site, installation, maintenance, operation, or ambient environmental conditions. Structural engineering disasters occur frequently and globally because they are closely related to human behavior and performance. This paper confirms that solutions can be found entrepreneurial to manage the situation to reach the appropriate operation to mitigate the accidents, through implementing the proposed administrative and engineering recommendations related to an accurate scientific method to meet these challenges. The engineering recommendations are based on ensuring the proper implementation of maintenance, operation, and calibration under the engineering standards. While the administrative recommendations focus on ensuring the follow-up of the safety procedures for implementing maintenance programs and the appropriate behavior of operator and scientifically signal person to meet these challenges.
The earthquake of 1926 in Padang Panjang, West Sumatra
Authors: Narny Yenny , Cribb Robert , Andoni Yudhi , Fikri Ifkar
Published: December 2021

This study explores contemporary newspaper narratives on the devastation caused by the earthquake of 1926 in Padang Panjang, West Sumatra. These narratives become crucial amid the difficulty of finding historical statistical data for disaster studies that depict the chaotic situation caused by natural disasters in the past. Historical methods and methodologies were used in this study to combine fragments of information found in contemporary newspapers, especially those discussing the situation of societies and the policies of the Dutch colonial government in dealing with the earthquake of 1926 in Padang Panjang. This study hopefully opens new insights for the development of disaster disciplines and provides access to the development of the study of the history of disasters in developing countries, particularly in Indonesia.
Hydraulic conductivity and calcium carbonate content of biocemented heavy-metal contaminated mine waste soil
Authors: Makinda Jodin , Kassim Khairul Anuar , Ahmad Kamarudin , Muhammed Abubakar Sadiq , Zango Muttaqa Uba
Published: December 2021

It is not uncommon for mining activity to generate wastes associated with negative engineering impacts include susceptibility to runoff due to the absence of vegetation, erosion, and sinkhole. Due to their high degree of permeability, movement of heavy metal contaminants in waste soils and aquifers occurs actively along with the hydrogeological parameters, and research on using biocementation methods such as enzyme induced calcite precipitation (EICP) to reduce the hydraulic conductivity is therefore beneficial. Mine waste soil collected from a copper mine in Lohan Dam, Sabah is characterized physically, morphologically, and chemically then treated with EICP under different operational parameters include curing duration (1,3,7 days), curing temperatures (5, 10, and 25 oC ), and relative density (70 and 80 %). The hydraulic conductivity was then tested using a constant head permeability test and the calcium carbonate content (%) is determined using the HCL washing method. Properties of the Lohan Dam wastes are found to be predominantly coarse grain soil of low plasticity, high specific gravity, high permeability, acidic in nature, and low organic content. Morphologically, they are composed of powdered and hardened particles with dark brown color with high amount of irregular-shaped particles. Mineralogical, Lohan Dam soil wastes contain a high level of heavy metals beyond the safety level of the Department of Environmental Malaysia. EICP treatment had to change the degree of permeability from ‘high and medium’ to ‘low’ with a 94-97% reduction in hydraulic conductivity corresponding to the amount of calcium carbonate content produced ranging 6.94-9.63%. In conclusion, relative density shows the marginal effect, curing duration, and temperature shows a more significant impact on the treatment effectiveness.
Slip surface in narrow backfill behind retaining wall
Authors: Hakam Abdul , Mazni Deni Irda
Published: December 2021

For a particular area in Geotechnical engineering, a soil slope is defined as a surface of soil mass which is inclined. It the slope is unstable or has insufficient factor of safety, then it needs to be strengthened by a retaining wall or a particular earth reinforcement to ensue slope failure does not occur. It has long been known that the pattern of slip failure is classified into two main types: translation and rotation. Other patterns of slip failure can be approached within the two mentioned types above. The main purpose of this classification is to assist the engineers in the process of the the stability analysis in purpose to obtain the safety factor of the slope and the reinforcement system if any. For the retaining wall reinforcement analysis, the developed method is generally in the form of soil pressure behind the wall. The pressure due to the self weight of the soil is generated by assuming the backfill is long enough, so that the slip failure can be fully described according to the two main types above. Then in cases where the backfill behind the wall is quite narrow, the method should be corrected or modified. These narrow areas are often found on roads that are built on relatively steep slopes. In this paper, the form of the slip failure behind a narrow retaining wall is presented. The results of this study are very useful for developing analytical methods for retaining soils that are built in narrow areas due to location limitations.
The preparedness of school community in facing tsunami disaster in Lhokseumawe City
Authors: Utariningsih Wheny , Sofia Rizka , Farhana Abu Talib Iffah , Saifullah T.
Published: December 2021

A tsunami in Aceh in 2004 resulted in many casualties and damage to educational facilities. The disaster taught about the importance of preparedness in anticipating disasters to humans. It will help in shaping and planning what actions need to be taken in the event of a disaster. This study aimed to see the level of preparedness of the school community in Lhokseumawe City in dealing with the tsunami disaster. School community preparedness was measured using preparedness parameters, namely knowledge, and attitudes; policies and guidelines; emergency response planning; disaster warning system; and resource mobilization. This research is descriptive quantitative research employing a survey method using a closed questionnaire. Utilizing the descriptive percentage method, the research shows that the school community's preparedness in Lhokseumawe City is in the almost ready category with an index value of 57.02. The index value is obtained by adding up the index values for each parameter by taking into account its weight. The index value of the knowledge and attitude parameter of the school community; and the level of school community policies and guidelines are in the ready category with index scores of 68,24 and 65. School community emergency planning parameters; the level of the school community disaster warning system and the level of resource mobilization are in the unprepared category; not yet ready and almost ready with index values of 35.6; 40; and 54.15 respectively.
The concept of an early warning system for the use of nuclear technology in Indonesia
Authors: Prima Meiliasari Dewi , Suar Panjaitan Berton , Heryanto Toto , Wilopo
Published: December 2021

The application of nuclear power plants in the world is increasing and has the potential for accidents, including nuclear weapons tests from outside the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, thus allowing radioactive releases to fall into Indonesian territory, which is a potential threat. Indonesia also utilizes nuclear power in many fields, thus also potentially becoming a national threat. To prevent the threat of radiation potential requires a nuclear disaster Early Warning System (EWS) that can be accessed by the community. This research analysed the EWS that Indonesia needed, using qualitative methods by describing the results of research obtained from interviews and secondary data. Results and research discussions starting from observation and monitoring of radiation exposure, warning services, information dissemination, and supported by countermeasures for the effectiveness of the EWS. The results showed that the development of an integrated nuclear disaster EWS that is easily accessible to the community quickly and continuously under the development of an emergency is a strategy as a decision to reduce the risk of nuclear disaster. The development of the strategy requires a legal basis that regulates coordination between ministries/institutions, from planning to information dissemination to ensure the safety of the public and Indonesian people's security.
Analysis of capacity community level in various potential disasters at dinoyo and sukun sub-district, Malang city
Authors: Fathoni Mukhamad , Turniningtyas Ayu R , Usman Fadly , Sunaryo  , Sumi Lestari , Yusuf Ah , Sumartono Christrijogo
Published: December 2021

The natural disaster in pandemic covid-19 will still ongoing in East Java, Indonesia. Apart from the virus pandemic, there are still several potential disasters in that sub-district, namely floods and landslides. Many disasters have occurred resulting in the need for people living in the area to anticipate, especially if the three disasters occur simultaneously. In Malang, this case of sub-district apparatus and the BPBD Malang City has not been able to optimally help restore the condition of the community due to the complexity of conditions that occur in the field. Therefore, the community needs to know their capacity to be able to anticipate if it is two or three will happen. Capacity is a combination of all the forces that exist in a community, social or organizational group that can reduce the impact of disaster risk or impact (UN-ISDR, 2004). The capacity assessment in this study identifies the capitals owned by the community. These capitals include natural, human, physical, financial, and social capital. The five capitals will later be described in the pentagon assets so that it will be known which capacities in the capital are the strengths and weaknesses of the people of Dinoyo and Sukun sub-district
Case study: mapping the tsunami-hazard zone in the Pasir Jambak sub-district, in Padang, Indonesia
Authors: Honesti Leli , Muchlian Meli
Published: December 2021

A tsunami hazard is an adverse event that causes damage to properties and loss of life. The problem in assessing a tsunami risk zone for a small area is significant, as available tsunami inundation zone data does not give detailed information for tsunami inundation and run-up in every nested grid. Hence, this study aims to establish a tsunami risk map in the Pasir Jambak sub-district, Padang, Indonesia. The map was carried out in every nested grid point of the area and on a large scale (1:5,000). The TUNAMI N3 program was used for the simulation of the tsunami inundation. A tsunami assessment was made through simulations in nine scenarios of fault parameter data for Sipora block earthquakes. The result of the study provides a tsunami inundation map. Furthermore, this tsunami inundation map can be used for communities, local authorities, government, and others for many studies, and decision-makers can come up with mitigation plans for a small study area.
Development of new functional seismic brace using partially fibred carbon fiber reinforced polymer
Authors: Matsumoto Yukihiro , Taguchi Takashi , Shimizu Keisuke , Komiya Iwao , Nakajima Koji
Published: December 2021

This study proposes a new tension member with a buckling-free function using carbon fiber reinforced polymer for the seismic bracing system. Firstly, the concept of the composite brace; a partially fibred carbon fiber reinforced polymer brace, is introduced. Secondly, the material strength of the composite brace molded by modified pultrusion is investigated. Finally, cyclic loading tests to simulate the seismic loading are conducted. As a result, it was demonstrated that a seismic brace system using the composite brace can provide buckling prevention and plastic deformation performance to absorb vibration energy.
Comparative study of SNI 1726:2012 and SNI 1726:2019 guidelines for response spectrum 2D method (study case: GKT II building of Bengkalis State Polytechnic)
Authors: Al Jauhari Zev , Khafifah Nur Addini , Aidil Fitrah Ridho , Apriwelni Siska
Published: December 2021

A standard code for designing earthquake-resistant buildings in Indonesia has always improved and updated year by year. It starts 1983, SNI 1726:2002, SNI 1726:2012, and the latest one SNI 1726:2019 Standard Codes. There is a procedure scope change for designing seismic load to become wider due to the adoption of a new standard, SNI 1726:2019. This research aims to compare the building design by using the response spectrum 2D method of SNI 1726:2012 and 2019 to determine the safety of existing buildings that use the old code. The structure of the building is modelled as a classroom and office building with a height of 15.50 m in Bengkalis State Polytechnic, Riau Province, namely Gedung Kuliah Terpadu (GKT) II Building. The reviewed structure behaviors are internal forces (bending moment, shear, and axial forces) on the structural elements (beams and columns). The result is directly proportional to rising in SDS and SD1 by 3.60% and 19.02%, respectively. By this rising, it affects the response spectra graph that has increased in SNI 1726:2019. The results prove that the change of design by using SNI 1726:2012 to 2019 has an effect, even though the calculation of the building structure forces still uses the old codes, but it meets the safe limits using designing with the SNI 1726:2019 method. This paper also compares the design of the structural elements by using SNI 2847:2019 codes with the planning of the existing building before. Overall, the building structure can be classified as able to withstand seismic force based on the new standard method.
An investigation of Teratak Buluh sand as a foam mortar aggregate material
Authors: Putri Elsa Eka , Basri Doni Rinaldi , Adji Bayu Martanto
Published: December 2021

Riau Province has the largest peat soil on Sumatra island. Peat soil has a low bearing capacity and very deep hard soil depth, even in some places up to 16 meters depth. This condition makes the construction of roads on peat soils will experience significant and unavoidable degradation and damage if no special handling is conducted. One of the efforts to overcome the situation in road construction is the use of foam mortar which has been developed by the Road and Bridge Research Centre (PUSJATAN) in 2013 which discovered the Foam Mortar Light Pile technology. This foam mortar is a cement mixture that has a lower density than water. This study conducted further research on finding the ratio of Cement vs. Sand in foam mortar which has a specific gravity smaller than water. The sand comes from Teratak Buluh Village, Kampar Regency, Riau Province and Cement (PCC) comes from Padang City, West Sumatra Province. The cement and sand ratio was varied; 1C:0.7S, 1C:0.8S, 1C:0.9S, 1C:1.0S, 1C:1.1S and 1C:1.2S. Cylindrical samples with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 20 cm were subjected to a compression test using a modified CBR tool at the 7 day curing time. From the test results, samples at a ratio of 1C: 0.7S and 1C: 0.8S can float in water, with a density of 0.77 tonne/m3and compressive strength of 901.20 kPa and a density of 0.83 tonne/m3with a compressive strength of 971.35 kPa respectively.
Earthquake and tsunami potential levels in Sulawesi (lesson learned earthquake West Sulawesi)
Authors: Khoirudin Apriyadi Rio , Sutisna Sobar , Lasmono  , Tri Januarti Riskina
Published: December 2021

Earthquake and tsunami disasters always bring negative impacts and losses for humans. The high frequency of earthquake disasters in Sulawesi and the massive impact of destruction and damage to infrastructure, loss of homes and property, and death of people are partly due to the lack of knowledge of this potential disaster by the surrounding community. Therefore, it is necessary to study the potential for earthquake and tsunami disasters on Sulawesi Island, and Lesson Learned about the Earthquake Disaster that has occurred in past. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive analysis design of secondary data obtained through a comprehensive literature review. The results showed that Sulawesi Island has a high potential for earthquake disasters, which is in the historical records of disasters, some of these earthquakes were accompanied by tsunami waves. The lesson that can be drawn from the earthquake in West Sulawesi is the potential for aftershocks after the opening earthquake and the main earthquake. In addition, the urgency of building earthquake-resistant housing structural mitigation is the key to safety during an earthquake. The post-earthquake recovery program in West Sulawesi requires further studies related to soil classification surveys, soil dominant periods, and soil seismic vulnerability index, as part of rebuilding a better and safer post-disaster area.
Study of the effects of check dam construction on the Limau Manih river using GIS
Authors: Daoed Darwizal , Novia Azhari Fifi , Syukur Masril , Ferial Rudy
Published: December 2021

The problem of flooding or flash floods in watersheds often occurs, both in large rivers and small rivers. The frequency of occurrence varies greatly depending on the local climate. As a result of flooding, it causes more erosion and collapse of riverbanks and washes away all kinds of materials, such as wood, sand, and stone. Sometimes it also submerges rice fields, villages, and houses downstream of the river. Likewise, in the study location of the Limau Manih river, there has been a flood with a large discharge. It was recorded twice a year, namely in July and September 2012. One of the ways to reduce energy, scour, and avalanches on riverbanks is by building a check dam or weir. A check dam is expected to reduce the energy that arises due to differences in elevation or slope of the river channel. But on the other hand, the weir will raise the water level, so that the puddle becomes wider. Therefore, it is necessary to study the impact of weir construction on the extent of inundation. The study was conducted using ArcGIS to map inundation and HEC-RAS to simulate water levels along the river. Simulations were carried out for several return periods of rainfall events. The results of the study show that the planned flood discharge in the river of Limau Manih watershed is quite large. Meanwhile, from the simulation results, the inundation area is not too significant with the increase in the return period and the planned flood discharge. Although the simulation of the weir without widening the upstream part of the weir shows a significant increase in inundation area. This is most likely due to the weir in the upstream area of the river which is rather steep, so that water flows quickly through the overflow of the weir. However, the water level in the weir is higher than without the weir, as a result, water jumps and erosion occur downstream of the weir. For this reason, it is very necessary to monitor the scour behavior in the weir and the sedimentation rate, because this area has the potential to be eroded.
Physical and sensory characteristics of milk and white compound chocolate added with Asian pigeonwings flower (Clitoria ternatea)
Authors: Lestari Puput Dwi , Kawiji  , Yulviatun Anastriyani , Martien Ronny , Muhammad Dimas Rahadian Aji
Published: December 2021

Milk compound chocolate and white compound chocolate are confectionery products derived from cocoa that are popular worldwide, while the Asian pigeonwings flower is an herbal plant with the potential to be added to chocolate to increase the functional value of chocolate product. In this study, Asian pigeonwings flower powder was added to milk compound chocolate and white compound chocolate and evaluated its physical and sensory characteristics. The experimental design employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor: the concentration of Asian pigeonwings flower powder (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%). Physical characteristics included color and hardness, while sensory characteristics consisted of color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall, determined by a scoring preference test. The results revealed that the addition of Asian pigeonwings flower powder affected the chocolate’s color and hardness and decreased the panelists’ acceptance levels. In this case, further research about optimizing the formulation is needed, for example encapsulation of Asian pigeonwings flower extract in milk compound chocolate and white compound chocolate to improving physical and sensory attributes.