bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHA PERIKANAN PUKAT CINCIN DI PELABUHAN PERIKANAN PANTAI (PPP) LAMPULO BANDA ACEH PROPINSI ACEH (Analysis Financial Fisheries of Purse Seine in Lampulo Fishing Port Banda Aceh Provinsi Aceh)
Authors: Neliyana . , Wiryawan Budy , Wiyono Eko Sri , Nurani Tri Wiji
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThis research was realized in January-February 2013 at Lampulo Fishing Port Banda Aceh. Sample were selected using purposive sampling. Data used in this reseach is primary data and sekundary data. Method analyzes data used descriptive method and analysis financial. The Results of this study show that of the purse seine fisheries feasibility between the daily and weekly still qualified and feasible to continued. The calculations results of the purse seine fisheries feasibility between the daily Net Present Value (NPV) 294,909,091, IRR 12.10% and B/C 10.47. The calculations results of the purse seine fisheries feasibility between the weekly Net Present Value (NPV) Rp 2,703,945,455, IRR 12.14% and B/C 13.86.Key words: Analysis financial, lampulo, fisheries, purse seine-------ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai Januari sampai Februari 2013 di pelabuhan perikanan pantai (PPP) Lampulo Banda Aceh. Pengambilan sampel dengan cara purposive sampling. Data yang diambil data primer dan sekunder. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis finansial usaha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usaha perikanan pukat cincin harian dan mingguan di Lampulo memenuhi persyaratan dan masih layak dilanjutkan. Hasil perhitungan kelayakan usaha pada usaha perikanan pukat cincin harian Net Present Value (NPV) Rp 294.909.091, IRR 12,10% dan B/C 10,47. Hasil perhitungan kelayakan usaha pada usaha perikanan pukat cincin mingguan Net Present Value (NPV) Rp 2.703.945.455, IRR 12,14% dan B/C 13,86.Kata kunci: kelayakan usaha, Lampulo, perikanan, pukat cincin
SISTEM RANTAI PASOK TUNA LOIN DI PERAIRAN MALUKU (Supply Chain System of Tuna Loin in Maluku Waters)
Authors: Jati Arinto Kuncoro , Nurani Tri Wiji , Iskandar Budhi H.
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTFishing operation pattern in Maluku waters are highly dependent on natural conditions and others supporting technical factors such as fuel supply and other operational capital which generally unstructured and unmeasureable fishing operation management pattern. One important factor in determining quality control process is supplying-chain factor, i.e. loin tuna distribution which ranging from fish hooked on the ship until the receiving product by the consumer. The objectives of this study is to describe loin tuna supply chain system in Maluku. The supply chain was analyzed by using black box diagram system approach and market integration model used to identify a valuate the relationship of each supply chain component with destined market. The results showed that there is no market integration between Japanese markets and Maluku, but there is long term cooperation between American market and Maluku.Keywords: tuna loin, supply chain,market integration, Maluku-------ABSTRAKPola penangkapan ikan tuna oleh nelayan di perairan Maluku sangat bergantung pada faktor kondisi alam dan teknis pendukung operasi penangkapan, seperti ketersediaan bahan bakar serta modal operasional. Hal ini berarti secara umum nelayan belum memiliki pola manajemen operasi penangkapan yang terstruktur dan terukur. Salah satu faktor yang sangat berperan dalam penentuan proses pengendalian mutu adalah rantai pasok (supply chain), yaitu proses distribusi barang (tuna loin) mulai dari produksi ikan di atas kapal hingga produk dikonsumsi oleh konsumen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan dan menganalisa sistem rantai pasok pada produk tuna loin di Maluku. Analisis rantai pasok (supply chain) dengan pendekatan deskriptif dan model integrasi pasar digunakan untuk mengidentifikasikan sistem rantai pasok dan melihat seberapa jauh hubungan masing-masing elemen rantai pasok dengan pasar tujuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terjadi integrasi antara pasar Jepang dengan Maluku, sedangkan pasar Amerika dan Maluku terintegrasi dalam jangka panjang.Kata kunci: tuna loin, rantai pasok (supply chain), integrasi pasar, Maluku
POLA MUSIM DAN DAERAH PENANGKAPAN RAJUNGAN (Portunus pelagicus) DI PERAIRAN KABUPATEN PANGKEP (Season And Patterns of Catching Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus) in Pangkep Waters Regency)
Authors: Ihsan . , Wiyono Eko Sri , Wisudo Sugeng Hari , Haluan John
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe season patern of swimming crab is influenced by rekruitman amount generated by each individual crab in the fishing ground. This study aims to assess the pattern of fishing crab season and the fishing ground as a participatory method in Pangkep water Regency. The data collected consisted of primary and secondary data. Data analysis was performed using the technique of time series analysis on the catch per unit of fishing effort crab monthly during the last six years. The peak season is catching crabs at IMP> 1% which took place in June and September. The highest percentage of catches in the fishing ground is in September which is 11.71% and lowest in April which amounted to 5.77%. The results of the analysis of index fishing season of crabs is throughout the year at the fishing area in Pangkep waters.Keywords: Analysis, Season Patern, Fishing Ground, Swimming Crabs-------ABSTRAKPola musim rajungan dipengaruhi oleh jumlah rekruitman yang dihasilkan oleh setiap individu rajungan di daerah penangkapan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pola musim penangkapan rajungan dan daerah penangkapan rajungan secara partisipatif di perairan Kabupaten Pangkep. Data yang dikumpulkan terdiri dari data primer dan data sekunder. Analisis data yang dilakukan adalah menggunakan teknik analisis deret waktu (time series) terhadap hasil tangkapan per satuan upaya penangkapan bulanan rajungan selama enam tahun terakhir. Musim puncak penangkapan rajungan berada pada IMP > 1 % yakni berlangsung pada bulan Juni dan September. Persentase tangkapan tertinggi di daerah penangkapan adalah pada bulan September yakni 11,71 % dan terendah pada bulan April yakni sebesar 5,77 %. Hasil analisis indeks musim penangkapan (IMP) rajungan dilakukan sepanjang tahun di daerah penangkapan di perairan Kabupaten Pangkep.Kata kunci: Analisis; Pola Musim; Daerah Penangkapan; Rajungan
PENGARUH INTENSITAS LAMPU BAWAH AIR TERHADAP HASIL TANGKAPAN PADA BAGAN TANCAP (Effect of Underwater Lamp Intensity on The Lift Net’s Fishing Catches)
Authors: Guntur . , Fuad . , Muntaha Ali
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTPurpose of the study is to examine the effect of underwater lamp intensity on the fishing catches of the lift net. A series of the experiment was conducted to test the most effective underwater lamp intensity to aggregate school of fish for lift net fishing target. Four underwater light intensities, such as 140 lux (kerosene lamp) as a control, 290 lux, 2700 lux, and 3900 lux were use as the treatment in this experiments. All the variance data of lift net’s fishing catches were analyzed by ANOVA followed LSD 5% to get the best treatment. The results show that the intensity of underwater lamp was significantly (P<0.05) on the fishing catches of the lift net. The highest fishing catches was underwater lamp with 3900 lux light intensity as 254 kg fishing catches. While the underwater lamp with 2700 lux was 149,5 kg, underwater with 290 lux was 146 kg, and underwater lamp with 140 lux was 91.5 kg. The composition of the fishing catches during experiment were anchovy (Stelophorus sp) as 35.28%, yellow strip (Selaroides sp) as 33.59%, and ponyfish (Leiognathus sp) as 11:25%. The relationship between light intensity on the number and composition are discussed details in the paper.Keywords: lift net, light intensity, underwater lamp-------ABSTRAKPenelitian ini adalah bertujuan untuk mendapatkan intensitas lampu bawah air yang terbaik pada bagan tancap yang beroperasi di perairan Selat Madura. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen yang menggunakan empat perlakuan, yaitu lampu bawah air yang memiliki intensitas 140 lux (lampu petromax) sebagai perlakuan 1, intensitas 290 sebagai perlakuan 2, intensitas 2700 lux sebagai perlakuan 3 dan intensitas 3900 lux sebagai perlakuan 4. Analisa data yang digunakan adalah Anova yang dilanjutkan uji BNT 5% untuk mendapatkan perlakuan terbaik. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa masing–masing perlakuan menghasilkan tangkapan yang berbeda-beda. Jumlah tangkapan perlakuan 1 (lampu 140 lux) sebesar 91,5 kg, perlakuan 2 (lampu 290 lux) 146 kg, perlakuan 3 (lampu 2700 lux) 149,5 kg, dan perlakuan 4 (lampu 3900 lux) 254 kg. Hasil perhitungan anova menunjukkan bahwa intensitas memberikan pengaruh sebesar 73% terhadap hasil tangkapan ikan. Perlakuan 1 (140 lux) dan perlakuan 2 (290 lux) berbeda nyata terhadap perlakuan 4 (3900 lux) tetapi tidak berbeda nyata terhadap perlakuan 3 (2700 lux). Intensitas cahaya lampu terbaik adalah perlakukan 4 (3900 lux) dengan hasil tangkapan ikan sekitar 254 kg dan belum mencapai titik maksimum. Komposisi hasil tangkapan di bagan tancap didominasi oleh jenis ikan teri (Stelophorus sp) sebesar 35,28 %, ikan selar (Selaroides sp) sebesar 33,59 %, ikan peperek (Leiognathus sp ) sebesar 11,25 %.Kata kunci: bagan tancap, intensitas cahaya, lampu bawah air
Gender Equity in College Majors: Looking Beyond the STEM/Non-STEM Dichotomy for Answers Regarding Female Participation
Authors: Ganley Colleen M. , George Casey E. , Cimpian Joseph R. , Makowski Martha B.
Published: December 2017

Women are underrepresented in many science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors and in some non-STEM majors (e.g., philosophy). Combining newly gathered data on students’ perceptions of college major traits with data from the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS:2002), we find that perceived gender bias against women emerges as the dominant predictor of the gender balance in college majors. The perception of the major being math or science oriented is less important. We replicate these findings using a separate sample to measure college major traits. Results suggest the need to incorporate major-level traits in research on gender gaps in college major choices and the need to recognize the impact of perceptions of potential gender discrimination on college major choices.
Maternal Morbidity in Vaginal Delivery with or without Episiotomy in Nulliparous Women
Authors: Thapa Sumana , Acharya Indira , Singh Meeta , Baral Josie
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Episiotomy incision is the most common surgical procedure around the globe and in many countries, it became a routine policy. Episiotomy in all women with vaginal delivery has no benefit. Rate of episiotomy varies widely around the globe, while in Nepal all nulliparous and primi-parous hospital deliveries are given routine episiotomy. So, this study aimed to compare the maternal morbidity during first vaginal birth in women with or without episiotomy.Methods: This is a hospital based randomized prospective comparative study conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of a teaching hospital. The subjects were divided into episiotomy group and no episiotomy group. Under local anaesthesia mediolateral episiotomy was given in the second stage with crowning of the head in episiotomy group. Nature of morbidity seen were recorded in both the groups immediately after delivery, after 6 hours and after 1 week and compared.Results: In no episiotomy group intact perineum 26.3%, laceration 10.5%, spontaneous perineal tear (first and second degree) 63.1% was observed. Total perineal surgical repair was 81.55%. Intact perineum was high among no episiotomy group. Third degree tear, vulval haematoma, wound gaping, perineal oedema were seen in episiotomy group.Conclusion: Anterior perineal laceration rate was high in no episiotomy group than episiotomy group but overall few morbidities were in no episiotomy group than in episiotomy group. So, episiotomy should not be considered to prevent insignificant anterior perineal lacerations.
Liposuction in gynecomastia: an institutional experience
Authors: Rayamajhi Jyoti , Rawal Sushil , Malla Srijan
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Gynecomastia is a benign condition of the male breast with glandular tissue proliferation. It can be physiologic or pathologic and many a times manifestation off underlying chronic pathology. Its treatment is selected based on cause, age and grade with surgical or pharmacological modalities. Periareolar incision with liposuction is the choice for higher grade gynecomastia.Methods: Patients record of Gynecomastia undergoing surgery for last two years from a tertiary hospital was reviewed retrospectively. Detail clinical evaluation and appropriate investigations obtained from medical records. Patients with chronic liver and renal disease, hyperthyroidism, alcoholics and patients on medical treatment as anabolic steroids were excluded from the study. Treatment of gynecomastia and its outcome was recorded and entered in excel and analyzed.Results: Among 33 patients enrolled, nineteen had unilateral gynecomastia whereas 14 patients had bilateral gynecomastia. Of them 10 were of Simons grade I, 17; IIA and 6; of IIB. Among operated patients mean age was 53.24 years.Conclusions: Periareolar incision with liposuction is the treatment of patient choice for higher gynecomastia due to its better outcome in terms of complication and patient satisfaction.
Ethnic differences in the Prevalence of Thyroid disorders among population of Far Western Region of Nepal
Authors: Pandeya Dipendra Raj , Bhatt Mahendra Prasad , Bhatta Mahesh Prakash , Bhattarai Janardhan
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Thyroid disorder is second most common endocrine disorder after diabetes in the world. The burden of thyroid diseases in the general population is enormous especially in females. The aim of this paper is to study the prevalence of thyroid disorders among population of Far Western Region.Methods:  The present work was conducted to study the pattern of thyroid disorders among different ethnic groups attended to the LifeCare Diagnostics and Research Center Pvt. Ltd. Dhangadhi.  Total of 1000 patients suspected with thyroid disorders were enrolled in this study.  The incidence of thyroid disorders and its relationship with the different ethnic, age groups and gender were investigated.Results:  Out of 1000 patients with suspected thyroid dysfunction, 65.8% were euthyroid followed by 13.8 % of patients having subclinical hypothyroidism, 9.5% hypothyroidism, 7.9% hypothyroidism. The incidence subclinical hyperthyroidism 3.0% was lowest. Hypothyroidism was the most common thyroid disorders among ethnic groups, Chhetri 37.97% and Brahmin 40.57%. In addition, females were most affected among the population.Conclusion: The prevalence of thyroid disorders in Far western population showed difference among different ethnic group. Public awareness of thyroid disorders and their potential complications could lead to improved diagnostic and therapeutic facilities.
Droit souple + droit fluide = droit liquide. Réflexion sur les mutations de la normativité juridique à l’ère des flux
Authors: Emeric Nicolas
Published: December 2017

Le recours de plus en plus généralisé par les pouvoirs publics au droit souple traduirait le désir d’une normativité juridique légère et fluide. Il existe un rapport de complémentarité créatrice entre le droit souple et le droit fluide. C’est l’hypothèse de la présente étude qu’il est proposé de nourrir à partir de trois idées. Le droit souple est un droit qui cherche la fluidité à travers l’assouplissement de ses textures. Le droit fluide est un droit qui fonctionne en flux normatif et de plus en plus massivement en flux de droit souple. Droit souple et impératif de fluidité du droit œuvrent de concert en vue d’une fluidification générale de la normativité juridique au service d’une libéralisation des activités. Ces processus combinés d’assouplissement des textures de la normativité juridique et de fluidification socio-économique du contenu des normes participent à l’émergence de la figure du droit liquide.
Histoire de lumières françaises : l’état d’urgence ou comment l’exception se fond dans le droit commun sans révision constitutionnelle
Authors: Champeil-Desplats Véronique
Published: December 2017

Comme de nombreux autres régimes relatifs à la sécurité dérogeant au droit commun, l’état d’urgence a été prolongé au-delà des circonstances qui l’ont fait naître. Gagné par un effet non-retour, il intègre progressivement le droit commun. Dès lors, l’idée d’exception permanente ou de banalisation de l’exception ne sont pas seulement de belles formules paradoxales. Dans ce contexte, le projet de constitutionnalisation de l’état d’urgence initié à la fin de l’année 2015 et qui a été abandonné, n’a été que le prélude d’une histoire finalement plus cynique. A la fin de cette histoire, l’état d’urgence aura formellement cessé, mais il se sera matériellement installé mutatis mutandis dans le droit commun, sans avoir eu besoin de révision constitutionnelle. Ce que n’a pu faire le constituant, le législateur n’a pas été, ou si peu, empêché de le faire.
Foreign Domestic Helpers’ Struggle for Recognition in Hong Kong: Time to go Beyond the Rule of Law?
Authors: Haumont Germain
Published: December 2017

L’État de droit constitue un fondement nécessaire à tout système politique démocratique. Néanmoins, il ne suffit pas pour permettre à la collectivité politique d’évoluer en accord avec ses différentes composantes. Pour ce faire, celles-ci doivent être en mesure de participer à une négociation permanente portant sur la définition de la collectivité. C’est à ce niveau que se situe l’interrogation de cet article, qui se focalise sur le cas concret des «  Foreign Domestic Helpers  » à Hong Kong. Le contexte politique de cette région administrative intégrée à la Chine depuis 1997 présente la particularité que l’État de droit y est établi mais n’est pas accompagné par une véritable sphère publique. Soumettre ce hiatus à l’analyse mène à déconstruire le projet que les autorités politiques imposent à une population dont les tribunaux sont l’unique forum de contestation. Par ailleurs, étudier par quels moyens les «  Foreign Domestic Helpers  » pourraient obtenir la reconnaissance politique qu’ils revendiquent à l’intérieur d’un système qui les marginalise souligne le potentiel essentiellement transformateur d’une telle reconnaissance.
Craftsmanship in the machine: sustainability through new roles in building craft at the technologized building site
Authors: Fyhn Håkon , Søraa Roger Andre
Published: December 2017

The building industry is becoming increasingly characterized by automated production, and in line with this, the nature of craftsmanship is transforming. In this article, we look for a sustainable path for this transformation through a case study that follows a team of carpenters building a set of tower blocks at a high-tech building site using “lean” construction techniques and robotic production technology. The builders are organized according to complex schedules of lean construction, making work at the building site resemble that of a large machine. The builders hold multiple roles within this machine: more than simply “living mechanisms” inside the machine, they also take on more parental roles as “machinists,” employing their crafting skills in planning, problem solving, improvising, coordinating and fettling in order to make the building machine run smoothly and to minimize environmental uncertainty. The craftsmanship in action is characterized by what we call workmanship of uncertainty – the ability to produce certain results in uncertain conditions. We identify this as the collective skill of a community of practice. The sustainability of craftsmanship in the machine is analyzed according to three kinds of sustainability: cultural, social and ecological. We suggest that all three forms depend on the building company’s ability to provide working conditions that allow the builders to form stable communities of practice in order to perform, share and develop craftmanship. Finally, we show that working in and with technological production systems does not require fewer skills (of craftsmanship) than traditional building, but a nuanced application of these skills.
Between craft and regulations: experiences with the construction of two “super insulated” buildings in Norway
Authors: Woods Ruth , Korsnes Marius Støylen
Published: December 2017

Building regulations set standards that aim to reduce energy use and CO2 emissions, and thereby to support the development of a more sustainable building stock. The Norwegian government uses building regulations to influence the construction industry, and they directly affect how craftspeople from the industry apply their skills. Regulations are converging with understandings about sustainability, energy use, building materials, and comfort requirements that are circulating in society. In this paper, we investigate the negotiations between the meaning and value associated with the requirements for the material structure and the craftsperson’s role. Two houses in Central Norway are the starting point, where qualitative methods, primarily semi-structured interviews and observation, are used to gain insight into the craftsperson’s view of the Norwegian building regulations. The two houses represent two different building standards. A Passive House in Åfjord Municipality, completed in 2014, and ZEB Living Lab in Trondheim, a zero emission building (ZEB), completed in 2015. In Norway, the building regulations are reviewed every five years. In 2011, craftspeople were constructing buildings to the low-energy standard. This led to an increased focus on “super insulating” building techniques during period 2013-16 when the case studies took place. Starting with a craftsperson’s (in this case most often a carpenter’s) view of current and future building standards, this paper asks what implications the increasing demands for energy efficient and environmentally friendly buildings have on the role of the craftsperson and their application of skill. The paper shows that the construction industry bases much of its activity on Norwegian construction traditions and skill; and that this guides the development of new generations of buildings. The use of established skills and knowledge is both a strength and a challenge when dealing with a new set of building regulations. Skill is a resource to build upon, but it is also influenced by a conservativism that has difficulties getting beyond the extra time and costs associated with new regulations. It can therefore function as a barrier to the use of construction crafts to establish more sustainable building forms within the Norwegian market.
Craft micro-enterprises contributions to sustainability: the example of yarn related businesses
Authors: Owen Alice
Published: December 2017

This paper uses two case studies of small UK-based yarn businesses to explore whether craft enterprises might make a distinctive contribution to sustainable development. The ways in which positive social, environmental and economic impacts are supported by these businesses are identified and their potential as niche sites contributing to a broader sustainability transition is considered. These businesses themselves believe there are strong links to the social dimensions of sustainability, particularly in terms of community building. There is also a distinctive contribution to economic aspects of sustainability with the outputs of craft enterprises releasing latent financial value and attaching value associated with provenance and rarity compared to a commodity market, rather than contributing to conventional economic growth. Contributions to environmental sustainability are largely indirect, through changing the economic viability of marginal agricultural production and therefore allowing conservation management in less economically favoured areas. This preliminary analysis suggest that the smallest craft enterprises do offer insights into how a wide transition might be achieved, but realising such a transition is made more difficult by the ambitions and motivations of the individuals in the craft businesses themselves.
Vida y obra filosófica de Xavier Zubiri, Pedro Laín Entralgo e Ignacio Ellacuría
Authors: Cañas López Sergio Arturo
Published: December 2017

The biographies of Zubiri, Laín and Ellacuría remind when Zubiri associated the meaning of his Basque names to his intellectual destiny and to the sense of his work. Thus, library  (Apalategui), bridge (Zubiri) and new home (Xavier) are symbols that also are valid for Laín and Ellacuría. This happens because of their prolific work (library), their struggle for reconciliation (bridge), and their innovative contributions to the humanistic and philosophic work for the 21st century (new home). Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 106, 2005: 537-561
Algunos aspectos centrales de la filosofía de Ignacio Ellacuría
Authors: Correa Schnake Marcelo
Published: December 2017

The distinctive character of the philosophy of Ignacio Ellacuría is the centrality of the concept known as "historic reality", which is related with the concepts of reality and human intelligence in Zubiri. Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 106, 2005: 563-580
De un dios logificado al Dios sentido de la vida. Aproximaciones para un renovado diálogo entre increencia y fe desde Xavier Zubiri
Authors: Ferrari Marcelo R.
Published: December 2017

The thought of Xavier Zubiri poses, according to the author, the possibility that "theology renews it method and conceptualizes in a different way the main categories of faith, in arder to be meaningful for contemporary man". Religation is a fertile concept for discussing about faith in the actuality. Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 106, 2005: 581-598
En Mar del Plata y en Hong Kong, "la batalla económica que se avecina"
Authors: Ibisate Francisco Javier
Published: December 2017

The issues that were postponed during the WTO Summit in 2001 will be discussed in the Hong Kong Summit. WTO Summits are turned into a harsh economic struggle among rich and emerging countries. Due to the failures in the Seattle and Cancún Summits, economic confrontation can be expected. Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 106, 2005: 599-631
Mijail Gorbachov: de la tragedia de Chernobil a la Carta a la tierra
Authors: Ibisate Francisco Javier
Published: December 2017

The former president of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachov accomplished a brave exercise of politic honesty, leading his Perestroika, an attempt to democratize the Soviet Socialism. Gorbachov paid the price: He was displaced from power and was despised by orthodox Communists and Liberals. But the former Soviet President did not retired from public life. In his most recent book, Earth Dialogues, Gorbachov alerts the world from the great crisis produced by the ruling economic and political model.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 107, 2006: 11-37
Editorial No.46
Authors: Editor El
Published: December 2017

Realidad y Reflexión Año 17, No 46, Julio-Diciembre 2017; 11
Los BRICS en el entorno geoeconómico
Authors: Morán Roberto Antonio , Pacheco Rolando Balmore
Published: December 2017

Este artículo hace un análisis de la evolución del bloque geoeconómico y político nominado en el año 2001 por Jim O´Neill de Goldman Sachs como los BRICS, un acrónimo que hace referencia a los países que lo conforman: Brasil, Rusia, India, China y a partir de 2011 Sudáfrica. En el artículo se aborda el origen y expectativas con que nace el bloque, su situación actual y prospectiva de constituirse en el impulsor de un nuevo orden económico, político y comercial a nivel global. Finalmente los autores presentan algunas conclusiones del análisis mediante las cuales se plantean posibilidades y obstáculos, que como bloque en general –y que como países en particular– deberán ser considerados para su consolidación geoeconómica, comercial y política.

Realidad y Reflexión Año 17, No 46, Julio-Diciembre 2017; 13-21
Los troles políticos
Authors: Aguilar Ana Evangelina
Published: December 2017

En internet se utiliza el término trol (troll) aplicado a alguien que tiene como finalidad desestabilizar una discusión sobre un tema específico. Estos personajes a través de provocaciones buscan desviar la atención de una temática hacia ideas banales o temas superficiales. Otros troles tienen como misión formular, desde sus perfiles, contenido difamatorio de personas o situaciones particulares. Este artículo pretende delinear, con un abordaje muy general, a los troles digitales desde un punto de vista de la comunicación política y el papel que desarrollan en las comunidades virtuales.

Realidad y Reflexión Año 17, No 46, Julio-Diciembre 2017; 67-75
The Transcription and Representation of Spoken Political Discourse in the UK House of Commons
Authors: Cribb V. Michael , Rochford Shivani
Published: December 2017

This paper considers the representation of spoken political discourse through the transcription practices of the House of Commons. It considers how the Hansard method of transcription represents the oral debates during the weekly parliamentary sessions of Prime Minister’s questions in three areas: lexical and grammatical fidelity, performance characteristics and interruptions from the audience. The paper also considers how accurately and faithfully speakers in the House quote from Hansard during these sessions as they pursue their arguments. The findings suggest that while Hansard does what it purports to do, modern transcription methods and digital representations necessitate additional tools to augment this system. We argue the case for a more representational, multi-tool approach to the transcription of discourse.
Electronic Reference Tools in EFL Classes
Authors: Habbash Manssour Ras'n M.
Published: December 2017

Electronic reference tools viz. dictionaries, wikis, explorers, translators etc. tender a great support to the EFL learners in understanding different aspects of the lexical, syntactical, phonological and semantic complexities. In view of the usefulness of online reference tools, it is hypothesized that extensive use of the tools in classrooms expedites the acquisition of the language. In an effort to establish the correlation between the effective use of the tools and the acquisition of English as a foreign language, it is proposed to take up a study that aims at finding out the impact of using Electronic reference tools in EFL classrooms. The study was conducted with two groups of learners of English as a foreign language who completed their yearlong English language course that is mandatory for continuing their bachelors’ course. By using purposive sampling method the participants of the study were selected and were divided into group A and group B based on the levels of success in their acquisition of English required for continuing their bachelor’s courses. The levels of success were determined based on a diagnostic test conducted at the end of their one-year English language program, and graded in light of the Interagency Language Round Table Scale (ILRS). The students who obtained ILRS +3 level and above in the test were included in group A, and the students who obtained below ILRS 3 level are included in group B. The final sample of the students in both the groups were provided with a questionnaire of Likert scale that is followed by face-to-face interviews. By employing mixed method model of research, the correlation between their use of online reference tools and their level of success in learning the language were established. The results show a positive correlation that confirms the use of online and electronic reference tools is an essential learning strategy both within and out of the classroom learning as well as for expediting the learning process.
Eye Movements in English Lexical Ambiguity Resolution
Authors: Tang Huijun
Published: December 2017

English Language ambiguity has always been one of the major concerns of psycholinguistic research. A number of studies have been carried out to investigate different types of ambiguity resolution, including phonological ambiguity resolution, lexical ambiguity resolution, syntactic ambiguity resolution and pragmatic ambiguity resolution. Studies of lexical ambiguity resolution have found that lexically ambiguous words with two meanings of the same frequency took longer to read than lexically unambiguous words, suggesting that different meanings of ambiguous words compete for integration to the local context. This paper gives an overview of the classical psycholinguistic studies on English lexical ambiguity resolution which employed the eye-tracking technology.
Realizing Learner Autonomy in Pakistan: EFL Teachers’ Beliefs about Their Practices
Authors: Yasmin Musarat , Sohail Ayesha
Published: December 2017

Learner autonomy (LA) has been a key area of interest in foreign language learning and teaching for more than three decades, but a limited space has been awarded to the investigation of teachers’ practices in fostering LA. Following an interpretive paradigm and a qualitative approach, present study intended to unearth the strategies teachers of English use to make their learners autonomous. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with sixteen English teachers from four public universities of province Punjab. Findings revealed that, in general, teachers use teacher-centered approach while participants’ practices and use of various strategies showed their preference for the role of facilitator more than of counselor or resource. Results of this research imply that the goal of LA can be achieved through offering teachers training to make them aware of the significance of making their learners autonomous and incentives for the promotion of LA in their classroom.
Impact of Cooperative Learning on the Achievement of EFL Tertiary Level Learners: A Case-Study of a Mainstream University in a Middle Eastern Country
Authors: Khan Khalid Azim , Ali Hazrat , Khattak Shahid Azim , Khan Shaukat
Published: December 2017

Academic achievement of most of the Saudi EFL learners is generally poor. A lot of research has been done to probe problems of EFL learners but very little attention has been paid to overcome these problems via better classroom environment and teaching strategies. This quasi-experimental study aimed at investigating the impact of cooperative learning on academic achievement of EFL tertiary learners at a mainstream public sector university in a Middle Eastern country. The sample of the study included 50 EFL non-English major male students enrolled at the preparatory year program in the first semester of 1434-35 corresponding to 2014 A.D. Pretest posttest experimental group research design was used for the study. Scores of the pretest and posttest for the two course-based assessments were analyzed using MS Excel 2013 and SPSS Version 20. The results of the study revealed that the experimental group showed better performance in the posttest compared to that of control group, showing that cooperative learning has positive impact on academic achievement of Saudi EFL tertiary level learners. The low achievers and the medium achievers in the EG showed statistically significant improvement after the CL treatment whereas high achievers performed equally well in both CL and traditional setting. Low achievement of Saudi EFL tertiary level learners should be given a serious consideration and proper remedial measures should be implemented. CL can be instrumental in this regard.
The Central Pronouns in Nigeria’s 2015 Presidential Debate: A Grammatical Analysis
Authors: Adejare Roseline A.
Published: December 2017

This grammatical analysis of the central pronouns in Nigeria’s 2015 Presidential Debate aimed at determining their occurrence, semantic manifestations, typological and thematic distribution, and textual functions. Twenty-three central pronouns with a combined frequency of 2409 were identified and analysed using Quirk et al.’s (1985) framework. The result showed a 58% representation and a frequency of 94.6 in 1000 words, with the forms we, you, it, I, they, our emerging the most frequent. Personal pronouns were a hundred times more frequent than reflexive pronouns and fourteen times more recurring than possessives. The 1st person, 2nd person and 3rd person forms respectively represent approximately one-half, one-quarter, and one-third of total person contrast made; however, a dominance of plural over singular was seen and this was more pronounced with 2nd person. Whereas the ratio of masculine to feminine was 22:1, neuter gender was generally dominant. A dominance of subjective case over objective case was revealed while genitive case featured as determinatives only. Pronominal choices were governed by theme, structure of responses, and idiosyncrasy, as I was more concentrated under motivation for contesting than any other theme and under recognising and justifying the problem than specifying actions to be taken or making concluding marks. The multiple-authored texts used manifestly exposed the diversity of pronoun forms and their combinatory possibility, which was advantageous since the focus was not a given politician’s idiolect but the use of an aspect of language in politics, namely the central pronouns.
Supernova Optimizer: A Novel Natural Inspired Meta-Heuristic
Authors: Hudaib Amjad A. , Fakhouri Hussam N.
Published: December 2017

Bio and natural phenomena inspired algorithms and meta-heuristics provide solutions to solve optimization and preliminary convergence problems. It significantly has wide effect that is integrated in many scientific fields. Thereby justifying the relevance development of many applications that relay on optimization algorithms, which allow finding the best solution in the shortest possible time. Therefore it is necessary to further consider and develop new swarm intelligence optimization algorithms. This paper proposes a novel optimization algorithm called supernova optimizer (SO) inspired by the supernova phenomena in nature. SO mimics this natural phenomena aiming to improve the three main features of optimization; exploration, exploitation, and local minima avoidance. The proposed meta-heuristic optimizer has been tested over 20 will known benchmarks functions, the results have been verified by a comparative study with the state of art optimization algorithms Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), A Sine Cosine Algorithm for solving optimization problems (SCA), Multi-Verse Optimizer (MVO), Moth-flame optimization algorithm: A novel nature-inspired heuristic paradigm (MFO), The Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), Polar Particle Swarm Optimizer (PLOARPSO) and with Particle Swarm Optimizer (PSO). The results showed that SO provided very competitive and effective results. It outperforms the best state-of-art algorithms that are compared to on the most of the tested benchmark functions.
Connecting Microscopic Geological Features to Pore Geometry and Pore Structure: Case Study - Sandstone Reservoir of Balikpapan Formation, Kutai Basin
Authors: Musu Junita Trivianty , Permadi Pudji , Widarsono Bambang
Published: December 2017

Understanding geological features with engineering aspect has been done by previous studies and remains attractive by both geologists and engineers. This study employed data of a total of one hundred and seventy-nine (179) sandstone samplesobtained from the Middle Miocene to Late Miocene Balikpapan Formation in Kutai Basin, Indonesia. The data includes thin section porosity, scanning electron microscope (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and capillary pressure (Pc). All samples are mainly dominated by quartz with additional rock fragment and feldspar, and additional component such asplagioclase, heavy minerals, occasional carbonaceous materials, micas and opaque minerals. Detrital clays, pseudomatrix and laminated clays occurred locally in minor quantity. Porosity ranges from 6 to 28.8.9%, whereas permeability ranging from 0.02 and 4,718 mD. This study investigates the relationship of microscopic geological features with pore geometry and pore structures. Kozeny equation and Leverette’s J-Function are implemented to characterize the pore geometry and structure in correlation with microscopic geologic features.The main findings of the study are that: i) combination of quartz content, texture, clay content, and the diagenetic history of quartz cementation strongly relates to both pore geometry and structure of the sandstone samples, ii) the content of cements does not show a systematic effect on either pore geometry or pore structure, and iii) in general, for all the sandstone samples employed here, the higher quartz and lower clay contents tend to give both a larger pore geometry and lower pore structure in terms of pore tortuosity.
Naar een schokbestendiger en democratischer monetaire unie
Authors: van Staden Fred
Published: December 2017

Dossier

In this feature authors discuss recent research findings that are of interest to readers of Beleid en Maatschappij.
Contractuele informatierechten in overnamecontracten en aandeelhoudersovereenkomsten
Authors: Timmer L.J.E.
Published: December 2017

Contractuele informatierechten in overnamecontracten en aandeelhoudersovereenkomsten

Het Nederlandse rechtssysteem biedt partijen in het economisch verkeer handvatten om benodigde informatie boven tafel te krijgen, ook als deze zich bij een derde bevindt. Bij overnamecontracten kan worden gedacht aan artikel 843a Rv, dat een partij een grondslag biedt om in en buiten rechte kennis te nemen van een (schriftelijk bewijsmiddel) dat haar in beginsel wel bekend is, maar niet in haar bezit is. In vennootschapsrechtelijke verhoudingen is van belang het recht van de algemene vergadering op inlichtingen op grond van artikel 2:107/217 lid 2 BW.

De wettelijke instrumenten bieden echter in veel gevallen onvoldoende houvast en rechtszekerheid. Om die reden is het bij een overnamecontract of aandeelhoudersovereenkomst in het belang van partijen om te voorzien in een heldere contractuele regeling die recht doet aan de feitelijke omstandigheden en de belangen van de betrokken partijen. Bij het opstellen van een dergelijke regeling dienen de betrokken juristen een balans te vinden tussen het belang van partijen op informatie, die zij op grond van de wet wellicht niet zouden kunnen verkrijgen, en het belang van de partij die de informatie zou moeten afstaan.
Verdachten met een LVB in het politieverhoor
Authors: Kranendonk P.R.
Published: December 2017

Police interrogation of suspects and witnesses with MBID in a police interrogation. The influence of interrogation methods on the content of statements.

The main goal of an interrogation is to elicit truthful information about the involvement of a suspect or witness in a criminal act. Some interrogation methods and techniques are useful for extracting information from otherwise unwilling suspects, but they can also elicit false confessions or statements from innocent (and vulnerable) suspects and witnesses. Multiple studies show that a large proportion of false confessions are made by suspects with an intellectual disability. Intellectual disabilities are often difficult to recognize, because of an individual’s streetwise behavior. This vulnerable group is extremely sensitive to suggestibility, compliance and acquiescence. Some interrogation methods and techniques used by the police can have a severe influence on these features and therefore on the reliability of statements. Given the overrepresentation of people with an intellectual disability in the Dutch criminal justice system, it is of great importance to prevent unwanted risks in the interrogation.
Utilizing in vitro transporter data in IVIVE-PBPK: an overview
Authors: Mallick Pankajini
Published: December 2017

In vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) integrated in physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have been increasingly used during drug discovery and development processes to predict human pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters. Drug transporters can influence drug pharmacokinetics and are key aspects contributing to the development of a successful drug. This review provides a snapshot of challenges or shortcomings of in vitro and in vivo techniques for understanding the contribution of drug transporters to a drug’s pharmacokinetics. The paper also describes the potential of IVIVE-PBPK models as prospective approaches to predict the role of drug transporters in drug discovery and development.
Solubility-pH profiles of a free base and its salt: sibutramine as a case study
Authors: Lucero-Borja Diego , Castilla Òscar , Barbas Rafel , Subirats Xavier , Ràfols Clara
Published: December 2017

In the present study the solubility-pH profiles of sibutramine free base and its hydrochloride salt were determined in the pH range between 2.0 and 9.5 by means of the recommended shake-flask method, and the solids collected were dried and studied by X-ray diffraction in order to elucidate their free base or salt structure. Above pHmax (or Gibbs pKa) the solid collected was always identified as free base, whatever the sibutramine species (free base or hydrochloride salt) initially solved. However, in the pH range below pHmax different solids were isolated depending on the buffers employed.
Exploring Employment Status and Education–Job Match among Engineering Graduates in Ethiopia: Policy Implications
Authors: Jote Tamiru
Published: December 2017

The article explores the employment status and education–job match among engineering graduates in Ethiopia between the years 2009 and 2013, and implications on the expansion of engineering programs. The fndings reveal that engineering graduates have had a good employment status in the fve years of the study, with an average employment rate of 80.3 percent. However, an increasing trend of graduate unemployment is observed. Substantial variations are observed among graduates of the various engineering disciplines and between men and women: civil engineers have better employment prospects, and the employment status of women is consistently lower. The fndings also indicate that the education–job mismatch is both vertical and horizontal, and aﬀects more than a third of the graduates (41.5 percent). Thus, there is a need to refocus on improving the quality of engineering education, and the decision to expand engineering programs should be based on insightful higher education planning and labor market assessment. Cet article explore la situation d’emploi et la concordance entre la formation et l’activité professionnelle des ingénieurs diplômés en Ethiopie entre 2009 et 2013, ainsi que les implications sur l’expansion des cursus d’ingénierie. Les résultats montrent que les ingénieurs diplômés ont béné- fcié d’une bonne situation d’emploi durant les cinq ans étudiés, avec en moyenne un taux d’emploi de 80.3 pour cent. On observe cependant une augmentation du taux de chômage parmi les diplômés. D’importantes variations peuvent être observées entre les diplômés des diﬀérentes disciplines de l’ingénierie et entre les hommes et les femmes : les ingénieurs civils ont de meilleures perspectives d’emploi, et la situation d’emploi des femmes est systématiquement moins bonne sur toutes les disciplines. Les résultats indiquent aussi que le manque d’alignement entre la formation et l’emploi est aussi bien vertical qu’horizontal, et touche plus d’un tiers des diplômés (41.5 pour cent). Il est nécessaire de privilégier à nouveau l’amélioration de la qualité des formations d’ingénieurs. La décision d’augmenter le nombre des cursus ingénieur doit être faite sur la base d’une planifcation de l’enseignement supérieur et d’une évaluation du marché du travail.