bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Tingkat pengetahuan dan Sikap dengan Praktik Pencegahan COVID-19 pada Masyarakat Pengguna Internet di Kota Semarang
Authors: Sutiningsih Dwi
Published: September 2021

Background: The city of Semarang was ranked first in the highest confirmed case of COVID-19 in Central Java. Various control efforts have been made to stop the spread of this disease through government regulations and behavioral interventions in the community that depend on the compliance of the community itself. This study aims to analyze the level of health literacy, level of knowledge, attitudes and prevention practices related to COVID-19 in the general public of Semarang City.Methods: This study uses an observational analytic method with a cross-sectional approach which is carried out on the people of Semarang City. Data was collected through a google form questionnaire which was distributed online through social media from October 12 to November 9, 2020 and managed to collect 407 respondents from 16 sub-districts in Semarang City. The questionnaire consists of 42 questions covering the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of prevention against COVID-19. Data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate with Chi-square statistical analysis.Result: The knowledge of internet users in Semarang City regarding COVID-19 was mostly good (50.1%), the attitudes and practices of preventing COVID-19 were also mostly good (56.5% and 50.6%). There was a significant relationship between the level of knowledge about COVID-19 and COVID-19 prevention practices (p-value=0,001). There was a relationship between attitudes related to COVID-19 and COVID-19 prevention practices (p-value=0.001).Conclusion : There is a relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19 prevention practices in the internet user community in Semarang City. Improved health education is needed to improve literacy and prevention practices for COVID-19.
Identidad territorial, globalización y patrimonio
Authors: Goycoolea-Prado Roberto , Zamudio-Vega Laura Susana , Amaro-García Ainhoa , Sosa-González Ana María , Barci-Castriota Leonardo , González-Escobar Luis Fernando , Zeballos-Velarde Carlos , Butrón-Revilla Cinthya L. , Manchego-Huaquipaco Gabriela , Ramírez-Rivas Karlo , Padilha Marcela do Nascimento , Piñon de Oliveira Márcio , Silva-González Jaime , Gama-Avilez Romelia , Auat Luis Alejandro , Yory Carlos Mario
Published: September 2021

This book analyzes the relationship between the three concepts that give shape to its name, with the particular purpose of examining the impacts that globalization has brought on the built heritage. It seeks to explore the possible paths that, for academic reflection, applied research or public policy, could be derived from the reflections that bring together the gaze of numerous researchers fromdifferent countries. In this regard, the work offers a conceptual framework from where it has been addressed the phenomenon, and from which issues such as the community thinking; the socio-spatial conflicts generated by tourism; the relationship between identity and historical memory, as well as between heritage and human rights; tensions and dilemmas about identity and heritage that globalization brings and, finally, the theme that is called at work,"situated thinking”, as a condition when studying and understanding what in front of the subject it happens in every context. Approach from which cases in Spain, Portugal, Italy, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, Mexico, Croatia and, among others, Turkey are analyzed. The latter country, where researchers carried out field work that, together with the explorations in other contexts, allowed to contrast theory with practice and extrapolate from this point their conclusions.
Taxonomic study of some species of the subfamily Dipsacoideae Eaton (Caprifoliaceae) by phenolic acid profiles
Authors: Ebadi Mostafa , Eftekharian Rosa , Nikzat Sedighe , Mollaei Saeed
Published: September 2021

Dipsacoideae has always been problematic for taxonomic delimitation of the taxa because of their morphological similarities and diversity amongst the taxa. Phenolic compounds are found in various organs of plants and are important in terms of chemotaxonomy and pharmacognosy. In this study, the phenolic acid compounds of 12 species of Dipsacoideae were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA) and also evaluated their significances as chemotaxonomic markers. The main phenolic acids were found to be caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and salicylic acid. The principal components analysis (PCA) bi-plot indicated that ferulic acid, caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid and rosmaric acid were principal components in the studied species dispersion. The species were separated from each other in a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plot in terms of their phenolic acid profile. Regarding the results, the high amount of caffeic acid and cinnamic acid could be considered a chemotaxonomic marker for genus Pterocephalus Vaill. and Cephalaria Schrad. respectively. The results indicated that Scabiosa koelzii Rech. and S. amoena Jacq. were placed as a distinct group regarding their phenolic acid profile and established the opinion supported by Greuter and Raus. Consequently, phenolic contents could be applied as a significant marker in the chemotaxonomy of Dipsacoideae. Considering it, we suggest the study of interaction among ecological and genetically factors as well as the studied chemical compounds.
Use of glycerol waste in lactic acid bacteria metabolism for the production of lactic acid: State of the art in Poland
Authors: Jodłowski Grzegorz S. , Strzelec Edyta
Published: September 2021

Lactic acid is a naturally existing organic acid, which may be used in many different branches of industrial application. It can be made in the sugar fermentation process from renewable raw lactic acid, which is an indispensable raw material, including in the agricultural, food, and pharmaceutical industries. It is an ecological product that has enjoyed great popularity in recent years. In 2010, the US Department of Energy published a report about lactic acid to be a potential building element for future technology, whose demand grows year by year. The lactic acid molecule naturally exists in plants, microorganisms, and animals and can also be produced by carbohydrate fermentation or chemical synthesis from coal, petroleum products, and natural gas. In industry, lactic acid can be produced by chemical synthesis or fermentation. Although racemic lactic acid is always produced chemically from petrochemical sources, the optically pure L(+) – or D(−) – lactic acid forms can be obtained by microbial fermentation of renewable resources when an appropriate microorganism is selected. Depending on the application, one form of optically pure LA is preferred over the other. Additionally, microbial fermentation offers benefits including cheap renewable substrates, low production temperatures, and low energy consumption. Due to these advantages, the most commonly used biotechnological production process with the use of biocatalysts, i.e., lactic acid bacteria. The cost of raw materials is one of the major factors in the economic production of lactic acid. As substrate costs cannot be reduced by scaling up the process, extensive research is currently underway to find new substrates for the production of LA. These searches include starch raw materials, lignocellulosic biomass, as well as waste from the food and refining industries. Here, the greatest attention is still drawn to molasses and whey as the largest sources of lactose, vitamins, and carbohydrates, as well as glycerol – a by-product of the biodiesel component production process. Focusing on the importance of lactic acid and its subsequent use as a product, but also a valuable raw material for polymerization (exactly to PLA), this review summarizes information about the properties and applications of lactic acid, as well as about its production and purification processes. An industrial installation for the production of lactic acid is only planned to be launched in Poland. As of today, there is no commercial-scale production of this bio-raw material. Thus, there is great potential for the application of the lactic acid production technology and research should be carried out on its development.
Discoloration of methylene blue at neutral pH by heterogeneous photo-Fenton-like reactions using crystalline and amorphous iron oxides
Authors: Choquehuanca Astrid , Ruiz-Montoya José G. , La Rosa-Toro Gómez Adolfo
Published: September 2021

Different iron oxides were evaluated for the discoloration of methylene blue (MB) at neutral pH by heterogeneous photo-Fenton-like reactions with a UV-LED lamp. Fe3O4, α-Fe2O3, and a-FeOOH catalysts were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and adsorption isotherms of N2. The results show high crystallinity and relatively low surface areas for Fe3O4 and α-Fe2O3, and amorphous structure with high surface area for the case of a-FeOOH. The discoloration of MB by iron oxides as catalysts was studied using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Despite the relative high adsorption of MB for magnetite (12%) compared to the other oxides, it shows a slow discoloration kinetics. Besides, amorphous oxide (named a-FeOOH) shows a higher discoloration kinetics with negligible adsorption capacity. The pseudo first-order kinetic constant values for Fe3O4, α-Fe2O3, and a-FeOOH are 5.31 × 10−3, 6.89 × 10−3, and 13.01 × 10−3 min−1; and the discoloration efficiencies at 120 min were 56, 60, and 82%, respectively. It was testified that low crystallinity iron oxide can be used in the efficient discoloration of MB by photo-Fenton process with a hand UV-A lamp.
Transitivity on a continuum: the transitivity index as a predictor of Spanish causatives
Authors: Guajardo Gustavo
Published: September 2021

This paper contributes to the study of transitivity as a general property of the clause. Unlike most previous work on the subject, however, transitivity in the present article is used to study a lexical alternation, namely the two causative predicatesdejar‘let’ andhacer‘make’ in Spanish. To do this, I use the transitivity index (TI), a weighted continuous measure of transitivity based on Hopper and Thompson’s (1980, transitivity in grammar and discourse,Language56, 251–299) transitivity parameters. The advantage of the TI is that it assigns different weights to each of the transitivity parameters and it is therefore sensitive to the particular construction it is applied to. I show that the TI can correctly predict the two Spanish causativesdejar‘let’ andhacer‘make’ with 80% accuracy and demonstrate thathaceris associated with higher transitivity contexts. In addition, linguistic features of the causer such as grammatical person and number are found to help distinguish between the two predicates. The finding that a lexical alternation can be reduced to a difference in transitivity raises important questions regarding the structure of the lexicon and the type of information it may contain.
Dimming controlled multi header pulse position modulation (MH-PPM) for visible light communication system
Authors: Das Sandip , Mandal Soumitra Kumar
Published: September 2021

Visible light communication (VLC) has recently drawn more attention due to the existing light sources having a bandwidth that can deliver data transmission at higher bit rates. To maintain desired brightness levels along with reliable data transmission, VLC requires to control dimming levels. In this paper, a dimming control scheme based on pulse position modulation (PPM) is proposed, which constructs a dimming encoded frame per symbol of input data. The scheme utilizes multiple headers, which is selected depending on the dimming levels and the number of bits in a symbol of input data. The proposed scheme for the VLC system supports various dimming levels. The multi header PPM frame generation for input data

K
=
4

$K=4$

and dimming values α = 0.25, 0.375, and 0.5 is simulated using NI Labview. The proposed dimming scheme has an excellent short-run length property which is well under the maximum flickering time period and is thus capable of flicker mitigation. The slot error performance of the proposed dimming control scheme in a VLC system for varying dimming levels is simulated in Matlab. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has excellent error performance for a low dimming value of α = 0.25. The experimental results are also carried out in the optisystem considering the practical measured parameters of the indoor environment for free space channel and simulating the VLC system for the proposed scheme. The simulation is carried for different data rates over varying link ranges and the experimental results show that the proposed scheme performs best when dimming value α = 0.25 and data rate 2 Gbps.
Who Mobilizes the Court? Migrant Rights Defenders Before the Court of Justice of the EU
Authors: Passalacqua Virginia
Published: September 2021

Like any other adjudicative body, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) is an essentially reactive institution: it cannot create disputes on its own motion, but it needs to be ‘mobilized’. This simple observation leads us to a question of central importance in the field of courts and social justice: who brings social justice claims before the Court of Justice? This is a particularly salient question if confronted with the Court’s restrictive legal standing rules: individuals and collective actors have limited access to the Court and engaging in EU litigation requires the availability of specific resources and allies. This paper relies on an original dataset of 291 rulings of the CJEU in the field of migration, complemented with qualitative empirical research, to unveil and map the actors that defend migrant rights in Luxembourg. The analysis offers an innovative and critical reflection on the accessibility of international courts by disadvantaged groups, showing how some features of the preliminary reference procedure affect the type of actors that engage in EU litigation.
Justice and the Reform of International Investment Law
Authors: Nadakavukaren Krista
Published: September 2021

This paper focuses on the reforms proposed to investment law, in particular in relation to dispute resolution, from the standpoint of justice. It sets out the ways that the proposed adoption of a standing investment court with an appellate instance would impact the justice of the international investment law system by focusing on the notion of justice as fairness. By assessing the impacts of the proposed changes’ limits on the discourse about investment law, I argue that the effects of the proposed reforms will dampen tribunal exchanges about contentious legal interpretations. This will not move the system closer to a fully just international order because the core values are not ones of discourse but rather those of protecting state sovereignty. Justice, if it follows, will be only that which fits within the framework of heightened sovereign power.
Areal patterns and colexifications of colour terms in the languages of Africa
Authors: Segerer Guillaume , Vanhove Martine
Published: September 2021

Of all the semantic domains, colour terms have attracted the largest amount of attention, notably from a typological point of view. However, there is much more to be discovered. A search of the cross-linguistic lexical database of African languages (RefLex) reveals several previously undetected areal colexification patterns and shared lexico-constructional patterns in a genetically balanced sample of 401 languages. In this paper, we illustrate several areal characteristics of colour terms: (i) the spread of an areal feature due to a common extra-linguistic setting (locust bean –Parkia biglobosa – as the lexical source ofyellow); (ii) two convergence phenomena, one based on a shared lexico-constructional pattern including a term forwater, and one based on shared colexifications (redandripevs.greenandunripe); and (iii) an areal pattern of lexical diffusion of colour ideophones, a category which has thus far been considered difficult to borrow.
Integrated diffraction gratings on the Bloch surface wave platform supporting bound states in the continuum
Authors: Bezus Evgeni A. , Bykov Dmitry A. , Doskolovich Leonid L.
Published: September 2021

We propose and theoretically and numerically investigate integrated diffraction gratings for the Bloch surface wave (BSW) platform, which have subwavelength or near-subwavelength period. We demonstrate that, in the oblique incidence geometry of a transverse-electric polarized BSW and with a properly chosen band gap configuration of the photonic crystal supporting the surface waves, the proposed structures operate in the scattering-free regime, when the energy of the incident BSW is divided between the reflected and transmitted BSWs with the same polarization corresponding to the propagating diffraction orders of the grating, and not scattered away from the propagation surface. In this regime, the studied integrated gratings support high-Q resonances and bound states in the continuum not only in the subwavelength case when only the specular (zeroth) diffraction orders propagate, but also in the case when non-evanescent zeroth and −1st diffraction orders satisfy the so-called Littrow mounting condition. The proposed integrated gratings on the BSW platform can be used as efficient narrowband spatial or spectral filters operating in reflection, or as BSW beam splitters or deflectors operating in transmission. The obtained results may find application in two-dimensional photonic circuits for steering the BSW propagation.
An Anglo-Syrian Monk: John Wesley's Reception of Pseudo-Macarius
Authors: Fallica Maria
Published: September 2021

The article offers a methodological reflection on the history of the reception of the works of Pseudo-Macarius (second half of the fourth century AD) in the thought of John Wesley, the English theologian and founder of the Methodist movement. The survey of the state of the art is carried out looking for motives and trends in Wesleyan scholarship. Michel de Certeau’s reflections on “reception” guide the analysis of the presence of Pseudo-Macarius in Wesley.
Use and usability of software verification methods to detect behaviour interference when teaching an assistive home companion robot: A proof-of-concept study
Authors: Koay Kheng Lee , Webster Matt , Dixon Clare , Gainer Paul , Syrdal Dag , Fisher Michael , Dautenhahn Kerstin
Published: September 2021

When studying the use of assistive robots in home environments, and especially how such robots can be personalised to meet the needs of the resident, key concerns are issues related to behaviour verification, behaviour interference and safety. Here, personalisation refers to the teaching of new robot behaviours by both technical and non-technical end users. In this article, we consider the issue of behaviour interference caused by situations where newly taught robot behaviours may affect or be affected by existing behaviours and thus, those behaviours will not or might not ever be executed. We focus in particular on how such situations can be detected and presented to the user. We describe the human–robot behaviour teaching system that we developed as well as the formal behaviour checking methods used. The online use of behaviour checking is demonstrated, based on static analysis of behaviours during the operation of the robot, and evaluated in a user study. We conducted a proof-of-concept human–robot interaction study with an autonomous, multi-purpose robot operating within a smart home environment. Twenty participants individually taught the robot behaviours according to instructions they were given, some of which caused interference with other behaviours. A mechanism for detecting behaviour interference provided feedback to participants and suggestions on how to resolve those conflicts. We assessed the participants’ views on detected interference as reported by the behaviour teaching system. Results indicate that interference warnings given to participants during teaching provoked an understanding of the issue. We did not find a significant influence of participants’ technical background. These results highlight a promising path towards verification and validation of assistive home companion robots that allow end-user personalisation.
Standing time and daily proportion of sedentary time are associated with pain-related disability in a one month accelerometer measurement in adults with overweight or obesity
Authors: Norha Jooa , Hautala Arto J. , Sjöros Tanja , Laine Saara , Garthwaite Taru , Knuuti Juhani , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Vähä-Ypyä Henri , Sievänen Harri , Vasankari Tommi , Heinonen Ilkka H. A.
Published: September 2021

Objectives

The association between the subjective experience of pain-related disability (PRD) and device-measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in overweight and obese adults is not well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of pain markers with accelerometer-measured SB duration and different intensities of PA among physically inactive middle-aged adults with overweight or obesity.

Methods

This cross-sectional analysis included 72 subjects (27 men) with mean age of 57.9 (SD 6.7) years and mean BMI of 31.6 (SD 4.1) kg/m2. SB and standing time (ST), breaks in sedentary time, light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were measured for four consecutive weeks (mean 25 days, SD 4) with a hip-worn triaxial accelerometer. Headache, musculoskeletal pain, back pain, and PRD were assessed by visual analog scales (VAS) and using the Oswestry disability index (ODI). RAND-36 questionnaire was applied to assess health-related quality of life. The associations were studied by linear models.

Results

ST was positively and SB proportion was negatively associated with PRD when adjusted for age, sex, BMI, accelerometry duration, MVPA, pain medication use, and general health perceptions assessed by RAND-36. No associations were found between ST and back pain. SB or different PA intensities were not associated with pain experience at specific sites.

Conclusions

Longer daily ST, but not LPA or MVPA is associated with higher level of PRD. Correspondingly, higher proportion of SB is associated with lower level of PRD. This suggests that individuals with PRD prefer to stand, possibly to cope with pain. These results may highlight the importance of habitual standing behaviors in coping with experienced PRD in adults with overweight or obesity.
Research of a Surfactant Gel with Potential Application in Oilfield
Authors: Gao Minlan , Tian Wen , Ma Zhihui , Dong Sanbao , Ke Congyu , Zhang Jie , Chen Gang
Published: September 2021

In this study, a viscoelastic surfactant gel was composed using erucoylamine propyl betaine and other additives. The formulation of this viscoelastic surfactant gel solution was determined as: erucamide propyl betaine:oleic acid amide propyl betaine:octadecyl hydroxyl sulfonate betaine = 1.7%:1.36%:0.01%. Then the performance of viscoelastic surfactant gel fluid was evaluated. The results showed that the viscoelastic surfactant gel has good temperature resistance and salt resistance. At 50°C, the apparent viscosity reaches the maximum value, 37 mPa · s, and it displays high shear resistance under the shear rate of 170 s–1, with the viscosity retention of 83.3%. Kerosene (1%) can completely break the gel within 2 h, which can convert the gel into a surfactant solution soon. Also the gel shows high emulsion ability, which can benefit the oil displacement in oilfield. Finally this gel can enhance the oil displacement rate as high as 28%.
Interaction of Surface Active Drug Promethazine Hydrochloride with Surfactants: Drug Release from Microemulsions
Authors: Kurtanidze Manoni , Butkhuzi Tinatin , Tikanadze Irma , Chaladze Rusudan , Gvaramia Manuchar , Nanobashvili Ketevan , Alexishvili Maka , Toidze Polina , Rukhadze Marina
Published: September 2021

The interaction of surface-active drugs with surfactants, used in the simulation of artificial membranes by direct and reversed micelles, mainly determines the transport of drugs in the body and the complex process of the binding to receptors. Besides, the delivery of drugs into the body via microemulsions has been successfully used to reduce the first-pass metabolism. The structure of mixed reverse microemulsions based on the ionic surfactant sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) and the cationic surface active drug promethazine hydrochloride (PMT) was studied spectroscopically in the infrared and UV-visible regions, as well as using electrical conductivity and dynamic light scattering. The release profile of PMT from AOT-based microemulsions was studied using cellulose dialysis bags. The introduction of PMT additive into the water pockets of reverse AOT micelles leads to: a) an increase in free water fraction and a decrease in bound water fraction; b) changing the chromatographic retention factors of the model compounds; c) insignificant influence on the values of the binding constant of optical probe o-nitroaniline with the head groups of AOT; d) quenching of water-induced percolation in electrical conductance of reverse AOT microemulsions; e) a slight decrease in the size of water droplets at the same values of the molar ratio of water/surfactant. The release of PMT from the aqueous system obeys Fick’s law of diffusion (n = 0.4852), and the release of PMT from microemulsions is based on non-Fickian or anomalous diffusion.
Electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide on a carbon paste electrode modified by a silver complex based on the 1,3-bis(1H-benzimidazole-2-yl)propane ligand
Authors: Li Ruixue , Jiang Yuxuan , Dong Jianping , Sun Fugang , Wu Huilu
Published: September 2021

A new carbon paste electrode (Ag-CPE) modified with a nitrogen heterocyclic silver(I) complex, [Ag2(BBP)2](pic)2·CH3OH (BBP = 1,3-bis(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)propane, pic = picrate), was developed as a highly sensitive and simple electrochemical sensor for the determination of hydrogen peroxide. The Ag(I) complex was prepared by an interface reaction and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV/Vis spectra and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The Ag(I) complex shows a dinuclear cluster structure, which is formed by two BBP ligands bridging two Ag (I) centers and an Ag–Ag interaction (d
Ag–Ag = 3.0875 Å). Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry studies showed that the electrochemical sensing performance of Ag-CPE for H2O2 was improved in 0.2 m phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH = 6). The electrochemical H2O2 sensor Ag-CPE exhibits a wide linear detection range from 0.5 to 4.0 mm and a lower detection limit of 0.39 μm with a relatively high sensitivity of 6.77 μA mm
−1. Moreover, the sensor also shows good anti-interference properties and stability. The results prove that the Ag(I) complex based on the bis(benzimidazole) ligand may be an efficient component of electrode materials.
empresas ante la desinformación. La necesidad de un nuevo enfoque metodológico
Authors: Mut Camacho Magdalena , Rueda Lozano Antonio
Published: September 2021

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo determinar si las empresas se hallan ante la necesidad de contar con un modelo de gestión de crisis sobre riesgos reputacionales relacionados con la desinformación mediática. Las empresas admiten encontrarse ante un nuevo riesgo corporativo y el sector profesional de la comunicación reconoce la urgencia de contar con medidas ante un evento por bulo. Para ello, se toma como punto de partida la investigación realizada a empresas españolas sobre su percepción de riesgo, donde se determinó que para el profesional los riesgos derivados de la desinformación son altamente peligrosos y se descubría la brecha entre la percepción profesional y las prioridades de la organización. El presente informe de corte cualitativo, con grupos focales a una muestra cualificada de responsables de reputación y comunicación corporativa de empresas españolas, revisa la tendencia de estas crisis y la sistemática empleada en la gestión de la crisis. Los resultados corroboran la necesidad de crear una metodología base que recoja los fundamentos sobre los que actúa la desinformación. Este hecho está dando lugar a la necesidad de ampliar el conocimiento en la creación de dinámicas eficientes para la lucha contra la desinformación. Las conclusiones bocetan un esquema metodológico que puede mejorar el trabajo de los profesionales de la comunicación.
Effect of Superhydrophobic Nano-SiO2 on the Geotechnical Characteristics of Expansive Soil
Authors: Luo Xiaoqian , Kong Lingwei , Bai Wei , Jian Tao
Published: September 2021

The application of an environmentally friendly modifier-superhydrophobic nano-silicon dioxide (SiO2) on improving the geotechnical characteristics of expansive soil is explored to examine the effect of different percentages of superhydrophobic nano-SiO2 (0.2 %, 0.4 %, 0.6 %, 0.8 %, and 1.0 % by weight of the parent soil) on soil expansion, shrinkage, permeability, and unconfined compressive strength (UCS). Two types of samples, unmodified soil (without nano-SiO2) and modified soil (with nano-SiO2), were used. Results revealed that the shrinkage rate, the Expansion rate, and permeability decreased for the soil samples modified with different contents of superhydrophobic nano-SiO2 and the UCS increased. The shrinkage rate decreased from 3.8 to 2.2 %. The minimum expansion rate of the soil samples modified with superhydrophobic nano-SiO2 was a quarter of that of the unmodified soil. Permeability decreased gradually from 1.38 × 10−8 cm/s to 6.25 × 10−10 cm/s as the superhydrophobic nano-SiO2 content increased. The peak UCS (647 kPa) of modified soil increased by almost 212 % compared with that of the unmodified soil. Superhydrophobic nano-SiO2 helped improve the geotechnical characteristics of expansive soil. In the shrinkage and unconfined compressive tests, 0.6 % nano-SiO2 content had a better effect on the modified soil. In the unloaded expansion and permeability test, the expansion rate and permeability decreased as the nano-SiO2 content increased. After the nano-SiO2 content reached 0.6 %, the decreasing speed became slow. The expansion rate and permeability were similar when the nano-SiO2 contents were 0.6 %, 0.8 %, and 1.0 %, respectively. Therefore, the optimum superhydrophobic nano-SiO2 content was 0.6 %.
The Histomorphometry of Liver and Kidney of Hyperglycemic Albino Rats after Treatment with Tithonia diversifolia Leaf Extract
Authors: Yuneldi Rizki Fitrawan , Saraswati Tyas Rini , Yuniwarti Enny Yusuf Wachidah
Published: September 2021

Tithonia diversifolia can be used as an antidiabetic, so it is necessary to study the safety of its use, especially the side effects on the liver and kidneys. This study aimed to determine the effect of using T. diversifolia leaf extract through histomorphometry observations of the liver and kidneys of hyperglycemic albino rats. The study design used a completely randomized design (CRD). This study used 20 male albino rats which were divided into five treatment groups, there were T0 (rat normal/control), T1 (hyperglycemic rat without T. diversifolia leaf extract), T2 (hyperglycemic rat administered with Glibenclamide 10 mg/kg BW), T3 (hyperglycemic rat administered with T. diversifolia leaf extract 150 mg/kg BW), T4 (hyperglycemic rat administered with T. diversifolia leaf extract 300 mg/kg BW). Every treatment was repeated four times. The damage of hepatocyte and the glomerular cell was observed through histological structure observation by histomorphometry method using a photomicrography microscope (Olympus BX51). The results indicate that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the variable of hepatocytes diameter and there was no significant different (P > 0.05) result on glomerular diameter, as well as kidney and liver weight. It was concluded that T. diversifolia leaf extract of 150 mg/kg BW and 300 mg/kg BW are safe to be used as antidiabetic. It does not cause any side effects on the liver and kidneys of hyperglycemic albino rats. Thereby T. diversifolia leaf extract can be further tested as preparation of biopharmaca which can be used as herbal medicines for diabetics.
Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitory Activity of Endophytic Actinobacteria from Rhododendron spp.
Authors: Winanda Witri , Batubara Irmanida , Lestari Yulin
Published: September 2021

Antiobesity medication is available as therapeutic compounds that can reduce fat digestion by the inhibition of pancreatic lipase. Actinobacteria have the potency as source of bioactive compounds with various biological function including as pancreatic lipase inhibitor.  However, the potency of endophytic actinobacteria from Rhododendron spp. as source of pancreatic lipase inhibitor producer has not been reported yet. The aim of this study was to examine the potential of pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of 23 endophytic actinobacteria from Rhododendron spp.; to characterize their colony based on morphology and molecular analysis. Screening test of pancreatic lipase inhibitor was conducted using the supernatant of endophytic actinobacteria, lipase pancreatic porcine (L3126) and p-nitrophenyl butyrate. The supernatant of selected isolates was extracted using ethyl acetate. The result showed that various inhibitory activities ranging between 0.00 until 91.69%. There were 11 out of 23 isolates that have potential as pancreatic inhibitor. Amongst them, the extract of four selected isolates, i.e. RZP 1.3, RSSB 3.2, RSS 2.1, and RJB F3.2 demonstrated inhibitory percentage of more than 80%. The RJB F3.2 extract showed to have IC50 value by 431.48 µg mL-1 compared to control, i.e. Xenical (89.07 µg mL-1). Phytochemical analysis exhibited that the extract of the selected isolates contained alkaloid which may function as pancreatic lipase inhibitor. Based on the morphological character, the selected isolates have various morphological colonies and 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed the sequence homology to Streptomyces spp. The data clearly indicate that endophytic actinobacteria from Rhododendron spp. have potency as pancreatic lipase inhibitor producer and further studies could be explored for the development of antiobesity agent.
Study of the Germination of Six Begonia Species as an Effort to Preserve Genetic Resources
Authors: Semarayani Cokorda Istri Meyga , Rahayu Ayyu
Published: September 2021

Begonia is an ornamental plant that has a high level of morphological diversity. Begonia propagation is mostly done vegetatively and very rarely to propagate sexually. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the ability of six types of Begonia seeds to germinate. Six types of Begonia, namely B. x albopicta W. Bull 'Coral Rubra', B. gambutensis Ardi & D.C.Thomas, B. multistaminea Burt-Utley, B. nelumbifolia Schltdl. & Cham., B. ulmifolia Wild. and B. varipeltata D.C.Thomas. were grown in a petri dish and placed in a growth chamber with a temperature of 23.6 ℃, humidity of 74.5%, and a light intensity of 3,431 lux. The results showed that the different types of Begonia showed significant differences in all the parameters tested. B. nelumbifolia required 7.89 ± 0.18 days to germinate and is the fastest time than other types. The highest percentage of seed germination was also obtained by this species, amounting to 63.22%. In addition, B. nelumbifolia showed the best response to the germination rate coefficient, germination rate index, and germination index. This study revealed complete information about the germination of six types of Begonia. In addition, the ability to produced many seeds and the ease of germination made this plant have the potential to be cultivated through seeds. Furthermore, the information can be used as a basis for seed storage as an ex-situ conservation method to maintain genetic diversity.
The GhsrQ343X allele favors the storage of fat by acting on nutrient partitioning
Authors: Marion Candice , Zizzari Philippe , Denis Raphael G P , Hassouna Rim , Chebani Yacine , Leste-Lasserre Thierry , Doat Hélène , Le Pen Gwenaëlle , Cota Daniela , Noble Florence , Luquet Serge , Pantel Jacques
Published: September 2021

The growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) mediates key properties of the gut hormone ghrelin on metabolism and behavior. Nevertheless, most recent observations also support that the GHSR is a constitutively active G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) endowed with a sophisticated tuning involving a balance of endogenous ligands. Demonstrating the feasibility of shifting GHSR canonical signaling in vivo, we previously reported that a model with enhanced sensitivity to ghrelin (GhsrQ343X mutant rats) developed fat accumulation and glucose intolerance. Herein, we investigated the contribution of energy homeostasis to the onset of this phenotype, as well as behavioral responses to feeding or pharmacological challenges, by comparing GhsrM/M rats to WT littermate rats: (1) as freely behaving animals and (2) in feeding and locomotor paradigms. Herein, GhsrM/M rats showed enhanced locomotor response to a GHSR agonist while locomotor or anorexigenic responses to amphetamine or cabergoline (dopamine receptor 2 agonist), respectively, were preserved. Ad libitum fedGhsrM/M rats consumed and conditioned for sucrose similarly to littermate control rats . In calorie-restricted conditions, GhsrM/M rats retained food anticipatory activity and maintained better body weight and glycemia. Importantly, prior to fat accumulation, male GhsrM/M rats preferentially used carbohydrates as fuel substrate without alterations of energy intake, energy expenditure or physical activity and showed alterations of the GHSR system (i.e. enhanced ratio of GHSR hormones LEAP2: acyl-ghrelin and increased Ghsr expression in the hypothalamus). Overall, the present study provides proof for the concept that shifted GHSR signaling can specifically alter nutrient partitioning resulting in modified balance of carbohydrate/lipid utilization.
FACTORES QUE RESTRINGEN LA COMPETITIVIDAD DE LAS EMPRESAS NACIONALES EN MATERIA TRIBUTARIA
Authors: Vega Centeno Máximo Ugarte
Published: September 2021

Actualmente los sistemas tributarios deben cumplir funciones económicas para producir recursos para la producción de bienes y servicios públicos, dentro de la orientación de una política económica de estabilidad a corto plazo. Como bien sabemos, en el Perú los ingresos que tiene el Gobierno en materia tributaria se dan principalmente por la recaudación del Impuesto General a las Ventas, Impuesto Selectivo al Consumo, Impuesto al Comercio Exterior, Impuesto a la Renta y el Impuesto a las Transacciones Financieras. Sin embargo, existe en nuestra estructura tributaria factores que restringen la competitividad, que afectan la producción y la productividad empresarial. En ese sentido se requiere de un sistema tributario con definiciones y normas claras y transparentes, sin barreras burocráticas, que sea flexible y que se adapte rápidamente a los cambios del entorno interno y externo. Este sistema pasa por la modernización o reforma del Estado, que es una exigencia del fortalecimiento institucional del país.
LAS AGENCIAS DE VIAJE: DE LAS COMISIONES POR VENTA DE PASAJES A LOS COBROS POR SERVICIOS “FEES”
Authors: Domingo Begazo José , Torres Agurto Ricardo
Published: September 2021

La globalización como elemento dinamizador de la economía mundial ha generado en el mundo empresarial una nueva dinámica de herramientas de gestión para poder ser altamente competitivos. Esto puede ser aplicable a la gestión de las líneas aéreas, las que debido a los altos costos de mantenerse en el mercado, han reducido las comisiones que otorgan a las agencias de viajes, bajando el valor del pasaje que venden desde un 20% hasta el 1%. Esto ha hecho que las agencias, para poder sobrevivir, desarrollen un nuevo concepto de aplicación de una tarifa por servicio al cliente; éstos son los “fees”.
AGUA DE MAR CRUDA PARA LAS ZONAS URBANAS PRÓXIMAS AL MAR
Authors: Gonzales Cotillo Mario
Published: September 2021

El 28% de la distribución del consumo de agua en los hogares de las zonas urbanas corresponde a los inodoros y, como el consumo total mínimo según la Superintendencia Nacional de Servicios de Saneamiento (SUNASS) es de 10 litros diarios por habitante, entonces son 50 litros diarios dedicados a la descarga de los inodoros. El volumen de agua potable dedicado a los inodoros es elevado, pero esto se agrava si se tiene en cuenta que más de siete millones de peruanos carecen del recurso hídrico y que en el mundo 4,500 niños mueren diariamente por esa carencia. Ante tal situación se plantea que una parte del enorme volumen del agua potable destinado para su uso en los inodoros sea reemplazado por agua de mar cruda (filtrada). Con ese fin, en razón de su proximidad al mar, se eligieron para el análisis correspondiente siete distritos con gran población de la provincia de Lima y la totalidad de la provincia del Callao. Luego del análisis correspondiente se demuestra que de implementarse el uso de agua de mar cruda para los inodoros, solo en los distritos elegidos, se ahorrarían más de 101 millones de litros de agua potable diario, cantidad suficiente para abastecer a casi 00 mil habitantes.
HERRAMIENTAS DE TECNOLOGÍA DE GESTIÓN EN LIMA METROPOLITANA
Authors: Huaco Pastor Enrique
Published: September 2021

Los cambios económicos, sociales, políticos y tecnológicos operados en estas tres últimas décadas, han permitido que la tecnología se constituya en un elemento esencial en las estrategias de las organizaciones para lograr la sobrevivencia, crecimiento y logro de los objetivos por ellas trazados, siendo necesario que sean productivas, que trabajen con calidad, competitividad y rentabilidad, dentro de un entorno local y global con la finalidad de que sean sostenibles en el tiempo. La sociedad peruana está conformada por instituciones y organizaciones empresariales donde encontramos la presencia de tecnologías correspondientes a las civilizaciones agrícola, industrial y del conocimiento vigentes al mismo tiempo, por lo que muchas de estas unidades empresariales tienen niveles muy rudimentarios de aplicación de tecnologías de gestión, mientras que en otras organizaciones trabajan con un mayor nivel de modernidad. El objeto del estudio de la investigación está orientado a la identificacion de las principales herramientas tecnológicas de gestión que concurren del plexo disciplinario de las ciencias administrativas en el ámbito de las organizaciones empresariales en Lima Metropolitana, así como identificar cuáles de ellas son de aplicación en las unidades empresariales. Al mismo tiempo se trata de indagar y desarrollar la descripción de sus paradigmas y formular propuestas que fortalezcan la incorporacion de herramientas tecnológicas en paradigmas que dinamicen y modernicen a las unidades empresariales, propendiendo a que su funcionamiento se realice con estándares de competividad de una dimensión global.
EL PBI ¿UN INDICADOR ANACRÓNICO?
Authors: Begazo Villanueva José Domingo , Torres Agurto Ricardo
Published: September 2021

Cuando una futura generación estudie nuestra civilización y vea que contabilizamos como desarrollo un crecimiento económico que consistía en destruir la biodiversidad, recalentar la atmósfera, derretir los glaciares, crear escasez de agua, alimentos y energía, y subir peligrosamente el nivel de los mares propiciando el “oscurecimiento global”, con seguridad que clasificarían al Producto Bruto Interno (PBI) como el más conspicuo indicador de nuestra barbarie.
EL APRENDIZAJE BASADO EN PROBLEMAS Y EL TRABAJO COLABORATIVO COMO FUNDAMENTOS PARA EL DISEÑO DE CURSOS VIRTUALES. EJEMPLIFICACIÓN EN LA ASIGNATURA DE INFORMÁTICA II PARA LAS CARRERAS DE PERFIL EMPRESARIAL
Authors: Castillo Maza Juan Victoriano , Rodriguez Andino Milagro , Estrada Sentí Vivian , Febles Rodriguez Juan
Published: September 2021

La educación es un proceso sociocultural permanente, intencionado y sistemático dirigido al perfeccionamiento y realización del ser humano como persona y al mejoramiento de las condiciones que beneficien el desarrollo y la transformación de la sociedad. Los cambios que ocurren hoy en el sistema de educación superior cubano se proyectan hacia el desarrollo de una dimensión integradora que permita el cumplimiento de ese encargo social que le corresponde a la educación. La ampliación de las posibilidades de acceso a las universidades ha provocado la expansión de nuevos modelos y métodos como los semipresenciales, donde la autopreparación y el trabajo independiente de los estudiantes tienen una significación de primer orden, por lo que la inclusión de estrategias de aprendizaje y medios de enseñanza adecuados devienen en una parte importante del éxito de la enseñanza semipresencial. El trabajo se orienta hacia la necesidad de promover la utilización de un Entorno Virtual de Enseñanza Aprendizaje (EVE/A), con el diseño de cursos que, sustentados sobre este tipo de entorno, permitan aplicar estrategias como la del Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas y el Trabajo Colaborativo en Grupo para dar respuesta a las necesidades de formación tanto presencial como semipresencial en los profesionales de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, así como también muestra los resultados y experiencias obtenidas en la Facultad de Economía de la Universidad de Camagüey (UC) en la implementación y desarrollo de cursos sobre una plataforma virtual que facilita la gestión de información y la gestión del conocimiento, para desarrollar la inteligencia y lograr la excelencia y desempeño competitivo de estos profesionales.
EL MARKETING COMO HERRAMIENTA DE GESTIÓN EN LO PROFESIONAL Y PERSONAL
Authors: Mayurí Barrón Jorge Vicente
Published: September 2021

La globalización de los mercados, hoy más que nunca, genera continuos cambios en gustos y preferencias por parte del consumidor, cambios que a su vez generan cambios en la oferta y demanda, haciendo que la presión competitiva cada día sea más intensa, por lo que el especialista en Marketing de hoy debe trabajar con un modelo que le permita lograr los objetivos de la empresa al final de todo un proceso continuo y de calidad. Dicho modelo se inicia previa investigación de mercados, con la identificación de la cultura y de las necesidades de los consumidores del mercado meta, con el propósito de desarrollar satisfactores de aquellas necesidades para que, a través de una segmentación de mercados y un estudio del comportamiento del consumidor, tengamos la información que permitirá al área de ventas colocar el producto con las mejores ventajas dentro del mercado, además de fidelizar al cliente. En forma paralela es importante determinar las estrategias de marketing que permitan lograr un mejor posicionamiento a través de las variables del Marketing (precio, producto, comunicación y distribución) que contribuyan al mejoramiento del Plan de Marketing, con lo que se realizaría una gestión eficiente del Marketing Operativo que es el pilar del Marketing Estratégico.
GESTIÓN DE INTERNACIONALIZACIÓN DE LOS PROGRAMAS DE POST GRADO EN CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES
Authors: Castillo Maza Juan Victoriano
Published: September 2021

En el marco del proceso de internacionalización promovido por la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), las Unidades de Post Grado de las Facultades de Ciencias Económicas y Ciencias Administrativas de la UNMSM, al amparo del Convenio de Cooperación Interinstitucional con la Universidad Montesquieu Bordeaux IV de Francia con la experiencia de casi dos décadas de prestación de servicios de perfeccionamiento del más alto nivel académico en los programas de Maestría y Doctorado, vienen ofreciendo en los últimos cinco años maestrías y doctorados internacionales de doble grado, con resultados exitosos. La Unidad de Post Grado de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas ofrece la Maestría y el Doctorado en Ciencias de Gestión, así como la Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas ofrece el programa Master en Management International otorgado por el Instituto de Administración de Empresas de la Universidad Montesquieu–Bordeaux IV de Francia y la Maestría Profesional en Gestión de Negocios Internacionales con mención en Comercio Internacional o Finanzas Internacionales, otorgado por la Unidad de Posgrado de la Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (Lima – Perú).