bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The association between Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and accounting-based financial performance: a Kuwaiti evidence
Authors: Al-Hajri Meshari , Al-Enezi Fawaz
Published: January 2019

The current study aims at extending prior accounting research on the association between Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) and Corporate Financial Performance (CFP) using a sample of listed firms on Kuwait Stock Exchange (KSE) from 2011 to 2012. It conducts a regression analysis to investigate the association between CSRD and CFP, as well as investigates the impact of firm size, leverage, and industry affiliation as the key determinants suggested by prior research on the level of CSRD. The results of the present study reveal that both CFP and firm size have significant positive associations with CSRD, whereas, in contrast, firm’s leverage and firm’s industry affiliation show non-significant associations with CSRD.
A szubjektív mobilitás változása Magyarországon
Authors: Ákos Huszár , Márta Záhonyi
Published: January 2019

A mobilitásvizsgálatoknak különösen nagy hagyománya van Magyarországon. A KSH rendszeres adatgyűjtései alapján a mobilitási folyamatok évszázados trendjeire vonatkozóan elérhetőek információk. A 2000 utáni trendekről azonban szelektív ismereteink vannak. Szisztematikus kutatások hiányában erre az időszakra vonatkozóan sem a folyamatok irányára, sem ezek sajátosságára nem állnak rendelkezésre részletes eredmények. A következőkben a szubjektív mobilitás egy mutatója alapján vizsgáljuk a magyar társadalom mobilitási jellemzőit a 2016. évi mikrocenzus társadalmi rétegződés kiegészítő felvételére támaszkodva. Két kérdésre keressük a választ, egyrészt a mobilitás szubjektív mutatói milyen viszonyban vannak az intergenerációs foglalkozási mobilitás hagyományos mérőszámaival, s ezek mennyiben mutatkoznak alkalmas eszköznek a mobilitási folyamatok vizsgálatához. Másrészt mi az, ami a társadalmi mobilitás magyarországi változásának legutóbbi tendenciáiról ez alapján megállapítható.
ÂŞIK TARZI YER İLE GÖK DESTANLARININ İCRÂ BAĞLAMINDA İŞLEVSELLİĞİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: ÇAPRAZ Erhan
Published: January 2019

Yer ve gök, Türk kozmogonisinde dikotomik tasavvurun temel unsurlarını teşkil etmektedir. Bu tasavvurun -tespit edebildiğimiz kadarıyla- ilk örneklerine XVII. yüzyılda rastladığımız âşık tarzı yer ile gök destanlarında da “tipikleştirilerek” aktarıldığını görmekteyiz. Bu tipikleştirmede doğal olarak İslâmiyet’in getirmiş olduğu inanış ve değerler ön plandadır. Diğer taraftan destanlarda “münazara”nın egemen olması destanların icrâ bağlamında daha da işlevsellik kazanmasını sağlamıştır. Yani taraflarını yer ile göğün teşkil ettiği diyaloğa dayalı anlatım tarzı, Türkler açısından bugün de geçerli olan mücadelenin (savaş) kodlarını da bünyesinde barındırmaktadır. Kanatimizce referans alınan bağlamını savaşların teşkil ettiği bu destanlar, âşıkların icrâlarıyla, yani dinleyiciyle kurulan yüz yüze iletişime bağlı gerçekleşen fasıllar sayesinde önemli işlevleri yerine getirmiştir. Öncelikle, destanlarda yaşam döngüsünün sürekliliğini temsil eden bahar-kış, yer-gök gibi figürler, insanların dirilişe (ahiret) olan bağlılıklarının zinde kalmasını sağlamıştır. Ayrıca bu figürler içte ve dışta bir bütünlük durumu yaratarak ulusal bilincin de tesisini kolaylaştırmıştır. Diğer taraftan destanlar, dinî ve ahlâkî değerleri güncelleyerek insanların eğitimine dönük informal bir eğitim kanalı açarken aynı zamanda gerileme dönemiyle birlikte cephede sürekli ihtiyaç duyulan insan gücünün iman gücüyle bütünleşmesini de tesis etmiştir. Dolayısıyla yazıda mevcut yer ile gök destanlarından hareketle bu bütünleşmenin kodları çözümlenmeye çalışılmıştır.
Küheylan Oyununda Persona ve Gölgenin Alan Strang Üzerindeki Karşılığı
Authors: Kocabıyık Yiğit
Published: January 2019

Tıp
ve psikiyatri kökenli bir ruh çözümlemecisi olan Carl Gustav Jung'un,
psikolojik tiplemeler, kompleksler teorisi ve sözcük çağrışım testi gibi özgün
bilimsel katkıları günümüz psikolojisi ve psikiyatrisi içinde hâlâ yerini
korumaktadır. Jung, geçmişten günümüze varlığını sürdüren ve her insanın kendi
tabiriyle kolektif bilinçdışında yatan mirasa arketip adını verir. İlk örnek,
ilk model olarak görülebilecek bu mirası herkesin taşıdığını vurgular. Persona
ve Gölge, Carl Gustav Jung’un kolektif/ortak bilinç dışı kuramında yer alan
önemli arketipler arasındadır. Persona; kişinin dış dünyaya karşı taktığı maske
olarak tanımlanırken, gölge; insan, toplum ve medeniyet tarafından hoş
karşılanmadığı için bilinç dışına bastırılan ilk benlik olarak tanımlanır. Bu makale
öncelikle Jung’un persona ve gölge arketiplerini tanımlamaya, daha sonra bu
arketiplerin Küheylan’ın başkarakteri Alan Strang ile olan ilişkisini
anlamlandırmaya çalışacaktır.
Kurgusal Mekânlarda Edebiyat Turizmi Deneyimi: “Masumiyet Müzesi” Örneği
Authors: Çevik Samet
Published: January 2019

Edebiyat
turizmi, yazarların doğdukları, yaşadıkları, eserlerini kaleme aldıkları müze
statüsündeki gerçek mekânlara; yazarların eserlerindeki kurgusal karakterlerle
bağlantılı yerlere ya da edebi figürlerden dolayı popüler hale gelmiş
destinasyonlara yapılan seyahatleri ifade etmektedir. Bu çalışma, yazarların
eserleriyle bağlantılı kurgusal mekânlardaki edebiyat turizmi deneyimini
otoetnografik bir yaklaşımla ele almaktadır. Kültürel deneyimi anlamak amacıyla
kişisel deneyimin betimlendiği bir yöntem olarak tanımlanan otoetnografiyi
kullanarak çalışmada, kurgusal mekânlarda önemli olan edebiyat turizmi
unsurlarını açığa çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla araştırma alanı olarak 2012
yılından beri İstanbul’da faaliyet gösteren Masumiyet Müzesi seçilmiştir.
Çalışma sonucunda kurgusal edebi mekânlarda yorumlamanın önemli bir unsur
olduğu ve yorumlama aracılığıyla bu mekânlarda eserle bağlantılı unsurların
canlandırılması gerekliliği ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışmadan çıkan bir diğer önemli
sonuç, Masumiyet Müzesi’nin eseri okumamış olan ziyaretçilerin de farklı
motivasyonlarla müzeyi gezebilecekleri unsurları barındırıyor olmasıdır.
Tipografik Bir Saldırı veya Dışavurum Olarak Graffitinin Dili
Authors: Sarıkaya Rasim
Published: January 2019

Tarihinin oldukça büyük bir kısmında icra edenler tarafından sanat,
fakat çoğu kimse tarafından  yasadışı ve
rahatsızlık verici anarşist bir eylem olarak görülegelen graffitinin, günümüzde,
bir sanat formu olduğu görüşü daha fazla dillendirilmektedir . Sosyolojik
olarak sayısız araştırmanın konusu olan Graffiti olgusunun arka planı, protest
ve yasadışı bir eylem biçiminden, sanat piyasaları tarafından kabul gören ve
pazarlanan bir sanat formu olma sürecinde geçirmiş olduğu ideolojik evrim,
biçimsel ve tipografik bağlamda  da
kendini göstermiş midir? Tarihsel olarak ortaya çıkan sanat ve tasarım
akımlarından etkilenmiş midir? Temelde bir iletişim aracı olarak graffitinin,
iletişimsel etkililiği ve bu bağlamda kullandığı tipografik dilin rolü ne
olmuştur?Bu sorulara verilecek cevaplar başka bir deyişle kullandığı tipografik dil
bağlamında, Graffiti’nin, tarihsel ve ideolojik düzlemde ele alınması bu çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Nitel araştırma
yöntemiyle derlenecek bilgiler, örnek analizleriyle desteklenerek bu sorulara
cevap aranmıştır.
Recipes development and quality evaluation of food concentrate “buckwheat porridge” with higher nutritional and biological value
Authors: Скрипко Ольга , Skripko Olga , Стаценко Екатерина , Statsenko Ekaterina , Покотило Олеся , Pokotilo Olesya
Published: January 2019

Production of food with specified characteristics (composition, structure, sensory parameter) is a promising direction of food industry development. Such products are low-calorie foods, they are good for health, have balanced composition and functional properties. They can be cooked fast and have extended storage. The main objective of the given research is to develop production technology and evaluate the quality of the food concentrate “Buckwheat porridge with soybean-fern-protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate” having higher biological and nutritional value. The research results made it possible to develop production technology of a new enriched food such as food concentrate with high biological and nutritional value using an analogue by means of increasing the number of components in the raw material as well as to get a model recipe of the food concentrate mixture with soybean-fern-protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate and evaluate product quality. By means of recipe modeling and determining the chemical composition, nutritional value as well as assessing the quality in respect to organoleptic parameters the authors proved that it is important to produce the given product. The research has revealed that if a person consumes the developed food concentrate the daily requirement for protein is satisfied 23%, fat – 18%, vitamin C – 37%, vitamin E – 105%, mineral substances: potassium – 23%, calcium – 12%, phosphorus – 40%, magnesium – 34%, and food fiber – 37%. That shows the advantages of the product if we compare it with the analogue. Using obtained results the author developed a set of technical documents, namely, corporate standard and operating procedures for the production of food concentrate “Buckwheat porridge with soybean-fern-protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate”. The given product with specified qualities can be produced by catering companies and food-concentrates industry.
Modern condition and development prospects for agricultural consumer cooperation in the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation
Authors: Сурай Наталья , Surai Natalia , Диброва Жанна , Dibrova Zhanna , Сагина Оксана , Sagina Oksana , Орлов Борис , Orlov Boris
Published: January 2019

The article reveals the results of the study devoted to the consideration of the modern development level of agricultural consumer cooperatives in Lipetsk, Tambov and Smolensk Regions. The given research is based on using systematic approach during regional agricultural consumer cooperatives consideration. The author used monographic, abstract-logical, economic and statistical, as well as graphic research methods. Agricultural consumer cooperatives can guarantee achievement of individual goals of people living in rural areas, consumers, cooperative members and personnel. They can contribute to their personal wellbeing and social security, address the federal challenge which implies implementation of national priority project as well as employment and state food security. Today agriculture in Russia is in worse condition than compared to the pre-reform period. The article presents the main trends in development of agricultural consumer cooperatives in Russia. The research involved the following focus areas for analytical study: number of agricultural cooperatives, the main parameters of agricultural consumer cooperation development, statistic data on the number of agricultural consumer cooperatives working in the Central Federal District. The authors analyzed the data on the implementation of the regional funding program considering sustainable development of rural areas through organization and development of production in private households and farm enterprises. The article indicates the directions for agricultural consumer cooperatives development in Russia.
Lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus in the formation of sour ales flavor profile
Authors: Пономарева Ольга , Ponomareva Olga , Борисова Екатерина , Borisova Ekaterina , Прохорчик Игорь , Prokhorchik Igor
Published: January 2019

Sour ales have become widely spread in Europe since XVII century. These drinks are still popular in Germany, Belgium, England and other European countries. Interest in sour ales has been growing steadily in Russia. The purpose of this work was to systematize and generalize scientific data and the results of practical use of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus in sour ales production technology and in the formation of the ready beverage flavor profile. The subjects of the research were biochemical and biotechnological properties of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus frequently used in sour ales production, namely, L. delbrueckii, L. brevis, L. buchneri, L. fermentum, L. plantarum. The results of studying sour ales composition by means of gas chromatography, solid phase microextraction, liquid chromatography, and mass spectroscopy show that they have complex compositions. Thus, sour ales of Lambic and Gueuze groups have 64 volatile compounds. Taste and aroma of sour ales are mostly formed by the most important components synthesized during lactic-acid fermentation. They are higher alcohols, complex esters, organic acids, dimethyl sulfide and diacetyl. Concentration of these components is mainly determined by the type of lactic acid bacteria. The article generalizes and systematizes scientific data concerning biochemical and biotechnological properties of different types of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus used for sour ale production. The article reveals concentrations of the main products and by-products synthesized by the given types of lactic acid bacteria during fermentation. The author points out corresponding taste and aroma sensations according to terminology used in European Brewing Convention (EBC).
Selection of optimal parameters for obtaining whipped products from egg whites
Authors: Магомедов Газибег , Magomedov Gazibeg , Лобосова Лариса , Lobosova Larisa , Рожков Сергей , Rozhkov Sergey , Селина Наталья , Selina Natalia
Published: January 2019

Development of new types of functional whipped confectionery of souffle type in which animal proteins are replaced with vegetable ones is promising and of high priority. The author proposed to introduce top grade wheat flour into the recipe of the whipped product and lemon zest as an enriching additive. Experimental studies were carried out under laboratory conditions of the department of technology of bakery, confectionery, macaroni and grain processing industries of Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies. The whipped product was obtained using an experimental whipping device developed by the staff of the department. The author justified the choice of the components in the recipe. The optimum modes of obtaining the whipped product which includes top grade wheat flour, water, citric acid, agar, white sugar, molasses, and lemon zest were selected using the experimental-statistical approach. The main cooking parameters are the duration of whipping (seconds); rotation frequency of the whipping parts (minutes-1), an output parameter (the volume weight of the final product, g/cm3). The results are the following: duration of the mass whipping x1 = 379 s-1, rotation speed of the whipping parts x2 = 651 min-1. The author determined quality indicators of the final whipped product. It has a good form-retaining ability, uniform and fine-porous structure, slightly creamy color, and slight taste of lemon zest. Mass fraction of dry matter is 76%, density – 0.43 g/cm3. The obtained product has original organoleptic parameters and higher nutritional value. The author did not include any food color additives and flavoring agents. For that reason the product can be recommended not only to people suffering from egg white intolerance, but also to all categories of consumers.
Fecal sludge as a fuel: characterization, cofire limits, and evaluation of quality improvement measures
Authors: Hafford Lauren M. , Ward Barbara J. , Weimer Alan W. , Linden Karl
Published: January 2019

In many low-income cities, a high proportion of fecal sludge, the excreta and blackwater collected from onsite sanitation systems such as pit latrines, is not safely managed. This constitutes a major danger to environmental and human health. The water, sanitation, and hygiene sector has recognized that valorization of treated fecal sludge could offset the upfront cost of treatment by using it as a fuel source. The few quantitative studies on fecal sludge fuel published to date have focused on heating value, moisture, ash fraction, and heavy metals. However, other factors impacting fuel utility, specifically ash speciation, have not been adequately quantified for fecal sludge. This study contributes to closing that gap and shows the value of more detailed quantification. It first characterizes fecal sludge samples from Colorado and Uganda, confirms that the fuel is better if cofired with other biomass, and outlines a framework for determining safe cofire ratios. Second, the study evaluates two methods for improving fecal sludge as a fuel: carbonization and ash leaching. Carbonization of fecal sludge did not improve fuel quality, but leaching showed promise in ash reduction.
Treatment of vinegar industry wastewater by electrocoagulation with monopolar aluminum and iron electrodes and toxicity evaluation
Authors: Yılmaz Seval , Gerek Emine Esra , Yavuz Yusuf , Koparal Ali Savaş
Published: January 2019

We present electrocoagulation (EC) treatment results of vinegar industry wastewater (VIW) using parallel plate aluminum and iron electrodes, and analyze the toxicity of the treatment processes. Due to the chemical complexity of vinegar production wastewater, several parameters are expected to alter the treatment efficiency. Particularly, current density, initial pH, Na2SO4 as support electrolyte, polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and kerafloc are investigated for their effects on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. Following several treatment experiments with real wastewater samples, aluminum-plate electrodes were able to reach to a removal efficiency of 90.91% at pH 4, 10 mg/L PAC and an electrical current density of 20.00 mA/cm2, whereas iron-plate electrodes reached to a removal efficiency of 93.60% at pH 9, 22.50 mA/cm2 current density. Although EC processes reduce COD, the usefulness of the system may not be assessed without considering the resultant toxicity. For this purpose, microtox toxicity tests were carried out for the highest COD removal case. It was observed that the process reduces toxicity, as well as the COD. Consequently, it is concluded that EC with aluminum and iron electrodes is COD removal-wise and toxicity reduction-wise a plausible method for treatment of VIW, which has high organic pollutants.
Experimental study on air pressure variation in a horizontal pipe of single-stack drainage system
Authors: Yu Tingchao , Ding Qiang , Wang Luwen , Zhu David Z. , Shao Yu
Published: January 2019

The water trap seal under the sanitary appliances is the primary defense against the ingress of foul gases and odors. However, research on air pressure variation in a horizontal pipe of a single-stack drainage system is very limited. Thus a physical model study was conducted to investigate the air pressure variation in a horizontal pipe. Four parameters were studied that affect the pressure variation; that is, water flow rate, inlet height, ventilation condition and outlet condition. When the top of the vertical drainage stack and the outlet were fully open to the atmosphere, the flow in the horizontal pipe changed from free surface flow to slug flow at certain times. The mean values and magnitudes of pressure fluctuation at measuring points on the horizontal pipe increased with Qw but decreased along the horizontal pipe. The inlet height had relatively small influence on the pressure variation. Three ventilation conditions; that is, top fully open, half open and sealed, were tested, and a choking flow was formed in the vertical drainage stack and the pressure in the horizontal pipe decreased under the top sealed condition. Three outlet conditions; that is, outlet fully open, half submerged and fully submerged, were tested. The pressure in the horizontal pipe increased significantly under the outlet fully-submerged condition, which should be avoided in the actual operation by careful designing.
‘Hot topic’ – combined energy and process modeling in thermal hydrolysis systems
Authors: Aichinger Peter , DeBarbadillo Christine , Al-Omari Ahmed , Wett Bernhard
Published: January 2019

The thermal hydrolysis process (THP) is applied to enhance biogas production in anaerobic digestion (AD), reduce viscosity for improved mixing and dewatering and to reduce and sterilize cake solids. Large heat demands for steam production rely on dynamic effects like sludge throughput, gas availability and THP process parameters. Here, we propose a combined energy and process model suitable to describe the dynamic behaviour of THP in a full-plant context. The process model addresses interactions of THP with operational conditions covered by the AD model obeying mass continuity. Energy conservation is considered in balancing and converting various energy species dominated by thermal heat and calorific energy. The combined energy and process model was then applied on the THP at Blue Plains advanced WWTP (DC Water) to analyse the process and assess potential energy optimizations. It was found that dynamic effects like mismatched steam production and consumption, temporary gas shortages and underloaded units are responsible for energy inefficiencies with losses in electricity-production up to 29%.
Cysteine-targeted Irreversible Inhibitors of Tyrosine Kinases and Key Interactions
Authors: Hu Chunqi , Dong Xiaowu
Published: January 2019

Tyrosine kinases are a subgroup of a large class of protein kinases that transfer
phosphate groups from ATP to various amino acid residues. By phosphorylating the tyrosine
residues, the tyrosine kinases are responsible for the activation of various proteins through
signal transduction cascades, which serves as a ubiquitous mechanism of cell signaling. The
frequent success of many tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in clinical success and diseasecausing
mutations in protein kinases suggests that a large number of kinases may represent
therapeutically relevant targets. To date, most of the clinical and preclinical TKIs are ATPcompetitive
non-covalent inhibitors, which achieve their selectivity by recognizing the unique
features of specific protein kinases. Of growing interest now in the scientific community is the
development of irreversible inhibitors that form covalent bonds with cysteines or other nucleophilic
residues in the ATP binding pocket. Irreversible TKIs have many potential advantages
including prolonged pharmacodynamics, reasonable compound design suitability, high
potency, and the ability to validate pharmacological specificity by mutations in reactive cysteine
residues. Here, we review recent efforts to develop cysteine-targeting irreversible TKIs
and to discuss their patterns of configuration that identify adenosine triphosphate binding
pockets and their biological activities.
Paraoxonase-1: Characteristics and Role in Atherosclerosis and Carotid Artery Disease
Authors: Lioudaki S. , Verikokos C. , Kouraklis G. , Ioannou C. , Chatziioannou E. , Perrea D. , Klonaris C.
Published: January 2019

Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) is a calcium-dependent enzyme that is synthesized in the liver and
then secreted in blood where it is bound to high density lipoprotein (HDL). PON-1 is a hydrolase with a
wide range of substrates, including lipid peroxides. It is considered responsible for many of the antiatherogenic
properties of HDL. PON-1 prevents low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, a process that
is considered to contribute to the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. PON-1 activity and levels
are influenced by gene polymorphisms; of the 2 common variants, one is in position 192 (Q192R)
and one in position 55 (M55L). Also, many drugs affect PON-1 activity. The role of PON-1 in carotid
atherosclerosis is inconsistent. Some studies show an association of PON-1 polymorphisms with carotid
plaque formation, whereas others do not. The aim of this review is to summarize the characteristics of
PON-1, its interactions with drugs and its role in atherosclerosis and especially its relationship with
carotid artery disease.
Treatment of Clopidogrel Hypersensitivity: The Jefferson Approach
Authors: Vishnevsky Alec , Savage Michael P. , Fischman David L.
Published: January 2019

Despite the advent of newer antiplatelet therapies, clopidogrel remains the mainstay of treatment
for patients with cardiovascular disease, especially those who undergo coronary stent implantation.
Hypersensitivity reactions to clopidogrel that develop soon after stenting present a significant clinical
challenge. The widespread use of clopidogrel in the management of patients with coronary artery disease
necessitates awareness of treatment options in the setting of an allergic reaction. It has been demonstrated
that clopidogrel hypersensitivity can be successfully managed without interrupting clopidogrel
therapy. We review available treatment options and highlight the treating-through approach developed
at our institution.
Preparation and physicochemical characterization of inclusion complexes derived from phytosterols and β-cyclodextrin
Authors: Rossi Ana Lía , Rustoy Eduardo Miguel , Cases Gabriel , Rosso Adriana Mabel
Published: January 2019

Phytosterols (PS), that is vegetable sterols, are compounds widely recognized for lowering
the absorption of cholesterol and decreasing cancer risk, with βsitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol
being the most abundant. As PS is poorly soluble in aqueous solutions, many approaches have been
proposed to increase their solubility and bioavailability. β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) could be used to increase
PS aqueous solubility because of its capacity to entrap a variety of hydrophobic guest molecules
in its cavity. In this work, the formation of β-CD/PS inclusion complexes was confirmed by Differential
Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Electrospray Ionization-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (ESIHRMS)
and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), while structural characteristics were
determined by one- and two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques. Results
confirmed 1:1 binding stoichiometry, which suggests the total inclusion of rings and chains of the different
PS. The hypothesis of folding of the lateral chains into the cavity may be supported by the multiple
correlations observed in the Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy (NOESY) and rotatingframe
Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy (ROESY) spectra.
Radiation Exposure of Anaesthetists Visualised by Real-time Dosimetry
Authors: Müller Marcus Christian , Windemuth Michael , Frege Sophie , Striepens Eva Nadine
Published: January 2019

Background:

Chronic exposure to occupational ionising radiation is seen as one reason
for elevated cancer prevalence.

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate radiation exposure of anaesthetists
by real-time dosimetry.

Methods:

Data of 296 patients were analyzed. Ten types of trauma operation procedures including
osteosynthesis of upper and lower extremity fractures and minimally invasive stabilisation of traumatic
and osteoporotic vertebral fractures were accomplished. Evaluation was performed by an occupational
dosimetry system, which visualises anaesthetists radiation exposure feedback compared
to surgeons in real-time.

Results:

A significantly lower radiation exposure to anaesthetists compared to surgeons was observed
in four types of operative procedures: Plate fixation of proximal humerus fractures, osteosynthesis
of proximal femoral fractures, stabilisation of traumatic and osteoporotic vertebral fractures.
In four types of operations (plate osteosynthesis of proximal humeral, distal radial and tibial
fractures and intramedullary nailing of the clavicle), anaesthetists` amount of radiation exceeded
one-third of the surgeons' exposure, especially if the C-arm tube was positioned close to the anaesthetists
work station at the patients' head.

Conclusion:

By using the occupational radiation dose monitoring system, radiation exposure to
anaesthetists was visualised in real-time during trauma operations. Radiation exposure of anaesthetists
depends on the type of operation and the position of the C-arm. The system may help to increase
anaesthetists` awareness concerning radiation exposure and to enhance compliance in using
radiation protection techniques.
Review on 2D and 3D MRI Image Segmentation Techniques
Authors: Shirly S. , Ramesh K.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging is most widely used for early diagnosis
of abnormalities in human organs. Due to the technical advancement in digital image processing,
automatic computer aided medical image segmentation has been widely used in medical
diagnostics.

Discussion: Image segmentation is an image processing technique which is used for extracting image
features, searching and mining the medical image records for better and accurate medical diagnostics.
Commonly used segmentation techniques are threshold based image segmentation, clustering
based image segmentation, edge based image segmentation, region based image segmentation,
atlas based image segmentation, and artificial neural network based image segmentation.

Conclusion:

This survey aims at providing an insight about different 2-Dimensional and 3-
Dimensional MRI image segmentation techniques and to facilitate better understanding to the people
who are new in this field. This comparative study summarizes the benefits and limitations of
various segmentation techniques.
Change Orders in Iraqi Construction Projects
Authors: Naji Hafeth I. , Hatem Wadhah Amer , Maula Baydaa Hussain
Published: January 2019

Introduction:

Change orders in construction are considered to be one of the greatest controversial problems that must be handled and also considered to be difficult for project management to reasonably resolve as any variation leads to claims. Any construction contract is agreed under the concept of “good faith,” which include that the parties will have to trust each other in order to work on agreeing on a contract and that contract is considered to be reasonable when there is no purpose of taking benefit of the parties throughout the contract life. However, as soon as the contract wants to be changed by generating a change order, the parties behavior changes in relation to the initial “good faith” environment

Objective:

The aim of the paper is to find the causes of the change order and its effect on the projects and then analyze the causes using data mining techniques.

Methods:

The methodology of the paper includes the following steps. Several factors that lead to change orders were gathered from the literature review. A questionnaire was formed and then distributed to the managers, owners, contractors and engineers. A review of the project's documents was conducted to find the number of change orders in the project and analysis of the causes of the change orders was done using data mining techniques.

Results and Conclusion:

The change orders have a harmful impact on the cost and it must be minimized, the change order was analyzed using Adda Boost technique and the accuracy was about 95 which is considered a very good result.
T2 Versus T2* MRI Mapping in the Knee Articular Cartilage at 1.5 Tesla and 3 Tesla
Authors: Mars Mokhtar , Tbini Zeineb , Gharbi Souha , Bouaziz Mouna Chelli , Ladeb Fethi
Published: January 2019

Background:

Recently, several studies have shown that T2 and T2* MRI parametric mapping are sensitive to structural and biochemical changes in the extracellular cartilage matrix. The objective of this study was to assess, compare and correlate quantitative T2 and T2* relaxation time of the knee articular cartilage at 1.5 Tesla (T) and 3 Tesla.

Methods:

Thirty-eight symptomatic patients with knee articular cartilage disease and forty-one asymptomatic volunteers were prospectively included in the study. Knee MRI examination was performed by 3 T and 1.5 T scanner. Multi-Echo Spin-Echo (MESE) and Multi-Echo Gradient Echo (MEGE) sequences were used to determine T2* and T2 maps. T2 and T2* relaxation times values were measured in three Regions Of Itnterest (ROI) on knee articular cartilage using mono-exponential analysis fitting algorithm.

Results:

There was a significant difference between volunteers and patients for T2 and T2* relaxation times values at 1.5 T and 3 T (p<0.05). The comparison between magnetic fields has shown lower T2 and T2* relaxation times at 3 T compared to 1.5 T. Pearson’s correlation analysis between T2 and T2* at 1.5T revealed a significant positive correlation for volunteers (r=0.245, p = 0.01) and a significant negative correlation for patients (0.016, p = 0.018). At 3T, there was a significant positive correlation between T2 and T2* for volunteers (r=0.076) and patients (r=0.165). The correlation of T2 and T2* between 1.5 T and 3T showed a significant negative correlation (r=-0.087, p = 0.01).

Conclusion:

T2* mapping may be used for the diagnosis of knee articular cartilage osteoarthritis with the advantage of relatively short scanning time, higher SNR, shorter echo times and the non-effect of the stimulated echo compared to T2 mapping.
Bark of the Stem of Libidibia Ferrea Associated with Mycorrhizal Fungi: An Alternative to Produce High Levels of Phenolic Acids
Authors: Alves da Silva Francineyde , Viturino da Silva Wliana Alves , Ferreira Magda Rhayanny Assunção , Soares Luiz Alberto Lira , Barbosa da Silva Fábio Sérgio
Published: January 2019

Background:

The use of microorganisms such as Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) may represent a sustainable biotechnological alternative for the cultivation of medicinal plants to facilitate plant growth, in addition to increasing the production of secondary compounds. These fungi are associated with Libidibia ferrea, a species which produces gallic and ellagic acid, compounds with preventive properties against cancer and diabetes complications.

Objective:

The objective of this paper was to verify whether the stem bark of L. ferrea concentrates higher amounts of gallic and ellagic acids when inoculated with Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Gigaspora albida and Acaulospora longula.

Methods:

The extractive methanolic solutions from the barks of L. ferrea were analyzed by RP-HPLC in order to establish the contents of gallic and ellagic acids.

Results:

The application of fungus Claroideoglumus etunicatum was more efficient at increasing the concentration of gallic acid (18%) and ellagic acid (45.2%) in the stem bark of L. ferrea in comparison to the control. In contrast, plants inoculated with Acaulospora longula benefited only with the increase in the amount of gallic acid if compared with the non-inoculated plants.

Conclusion:

The mycorrhizal technology may be an alternative to the cultivation of L. ferrea with higher concentrations of both gallic and ellagic acids in the stem bark, providing a promissory strategy to produce high quality herbal materials for the production of herbal medicines.
FAMILY’S COMMUNICATION PATTERN IN PREVENTING STUDENTS’ VIOLENCE IN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Hastasari Chatia , Aw Suranto , Hajaroh Mami
Published: January 2019

This investigates the family’s communication pattern to avoid senior high school student violence in Yogyakarta. This study employs a qualitative method taking a sample of ten people consist of students’ parents (SMAN 6 Yogyakarta, SMAN 8 Yogyakarta, SMAN 9 Yogyakarta, SMA Bopkri 2 Yogyakarta, SMA Muhammadiyah 7 Yogyakarta, and SMA Tamansiswa Yogyakarta); teachers and society figure. The results are (1) Communication pattern which is used effectively to avoid students’ violence is one way communication. In this situation parents can give advice and become a role model for their children; and (2) Communication patterns which are used innefectively to avoid students’ violence are interaction and transaction communication. It is because parents’ knowledge about the importance of interaction communication in character education is very low and the transaction communication among parents-children-third party tends to not intensive.POLA KOMUNIKASI KELUARGA DALAM MENCEGAH KENAKALAN PELAJAR SMA DI KOTA YOGYAKARTATujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola komunikasi keluarga dalam mencegah kenakalan pelajar SMA di Kota Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan menggunakan 10 narasumber yang mencakup wali siswa (SMAN 6 Yogyakarta, SMAN 8 Yogyakarta, SMAN 9 Yogyakarta, SMA Bopkri 2 Yogyakarta, SMA Muhammadiyah 7 Yogyakarta, dan SMA Tamansiswa Yogyakarta); wali kelas dan tokoh masyarakat. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, dapat disebutkan bahwa (1) Pola komunikasi keluarga yang digunakan secara efektif sebagai upaya untuk mencegah kenakalan pelajar dalam penelitian ini adalah komunikasi sebagai aksi atau komunikasi satu arah dimana orang tua memberikan nasihat atau memberikan contoh secara langsung melalui perbuatan; dan (2) Pola komunikasi keluarga yang masih belum dapat dilakukan secara efektif untuk mencegah kenakalan pelajar adalah komunikasi sebagai interaksi dan komunikasi banyak arah. Hal ini disebabkan karena minimnya pengetahuan orang tua mengenai pentingnya komunikasi dua arah dalam proses penanaman pendidikan karakter seorang anak dan juga karena komunikasi banyak arah yang terjalin antara orang tua-anak-pihak ketiga cenderung tidak intens.
Risk Rank Analysis Method for Vulnerabilities in a Network System
Authors: Kaluarachchi Pubudu Kalpani , Tsokos Chris. P. , Rajasooriya Sasith M
Published: January 2019

Prioritizing on most critical weaknesses in a network system at the correct time is a very important role in network security administration. Due to the complexity and high unpredictability of exploitations it is hard to decide which vulnerabilities and which IP s are at the highest risk at a particular time. Present study proposes a new methodology that enables network administrators to rank vulnerabilities based on the probability of being exploited at a given time using the Markovian process. Markovian process allows us to iterate a transition probability matrix for a network system consisting identified or discovered vulnerabilities. This process result in a steady state with probabilities that a vulnerability will be exploited. Similar approach is used here to develop a risk rank model. Well known Google Page Rank Algorithm also uses a similar approach in estimating the probability of a web surfer reaching a particular webpage. Same concept can be used with several modifications to estimate and rank the risk level of each vulnerability in a network system. New methodology is presented with an example of a small network model with three vulnerabilities.
REALIZATION OF DIGITAL FILTERS WITH COMPLEX COEFFICIENTS
Authors: Nikolić Saša , Stančić Goran , Cvetković Stevica
Published: January 2019

A comprehensive analysis of realization of digital filters with complex coefficients obtained by decomposition of real digital filters, using complex and real allpass networks, is given in the paper. Realization of complex coefficient filters obtained directly in the z domain is also discussed in the paper. An analysis of hardware costs for different structures used for realization of complex coefficient filters is presented.
Tendencias y características de la investigación en enfermería publicada en México
Authors: García Rodríguez Mónica , Gómez Ávila María G. , Aguilar Pérez Irma , Pérez Martínez Gisela P. , Velázquez Díaz Lorena , Soriano Sotomayor Magdalena , Landeros Olvera Erick
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: Conocer las tendencias y características de los artículos de investigación en enfermería publicados en México en los últimos 5 años. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal. La muestra correspondió a 358 artículos de investigación publicados. Se elaboró un instrumento de 34 ítems, sometido al análisis de expertos y piloteado previo a la revisión final para valorar características de los artículos publicados en cuatro revistas mexicanas. Resultados: La principal temática abordada fue la clínica 36.9% en el contexto hospitalario, 42.2% de las investigaciones utilizó teoría de enfermería. En el 77.5% predominó el paradigma cuantitativo, la zona centro del país tiene el mayor número de publicaciones.En los artículos, el grado académico predominante del 1er autor es Maestría con el 41.1%.Discusión: Los resultados evidencian la brecha existente entre universidades y hospitales para generar investigación, falta de financiamiento (no hay claridad de su procedencia), insuficiente generación de nuevos investigadores (los alumnos no participan en la autoría), rigurosidad metodológica cuestionable, con evidentes inconsistencias en algunos artículos. Dado que no se analizaron revistas internacionales y revistas diferentes a la disciplina donde publican enfermeras mexicanas, los resultados no se pueden generalizar. A pesar de que los resultados son congruentes con estudios previos, es eminente la mejoría en la calidad de los artículos de investigación.Conclusión: El trabajo deja la oportunidad para fortalecer aspectos principalmente metodológicos que contribuyan al desarrollo de la investigación y propiciar la reflexión sobre las áreas de oportunidad en la investigación de enfermería mexicana.
Marco legal contra el tabaquismo: Referente obligado para la lucha antitabáquica.
Authors: Ramírez Elías Angélica
Published: January 2019

El tabaquismo es la principal causa mundial de enfermedades y muertes evitables. Muchas de éstas son, además, prematuras. En México esta adicción se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública. La última Encuesta Nacional de Tabaquismo reporta que, la epidemia de tabaquismo se ha incrementado en los países industrializados y en vías de desarrollo; la brecha entre el consumo de hombres y mujeres es muy similar, y el consumo se inicia a una edad cada vez más temprana, en los (primeros años de la adolescencia). La Organización Mundial de Salud (OMS) refiere que el hábito tabáquico mata casi seis millones de personas cada año, de los cuales cinco millones son usuarios y ex usuarios y más de 600,000 son no fumadores expuestos al humo de segunda mano; y es que a menos de que se tome acción, la cuota anual de muertes pudiera aumentar a más de 8 millones para el 2030; y casi el 80% de un millón de millones de fumadores viven en países de bajos y medianos ingresos. El Convenio Marco Contra el Tabaquismo(CMCT) auspiciado por la OMS es el primer tratado internacional sanitario en materia de tabaquismo. México fue el primer país en América Latina en refrendar el CMCT tras reconocer la magnitud del problema y sus complicaciones tanto en adultos como en menores de edad. El objetivo de este acuerdo es proporcionar un marco para identificar medidas de lucha antitabáquica que habrán de adoptarse mediante el compromiso de las partes para reducir el consumo de tabaco y proteger así a las generaciones presentes y futuras contra las consecuencias sanitarias, sociales, ambientales y económicas del consumo y de la exposición al humo del tabaco.
El modelo de promoción de la salud de Nola Pender. Una reflexión en torno a su comprensión
Authors: Aristizábal Hoyos Gladis Patricia , Blanco Borjas Dolly Marlene , Sánchez Ramos Araceli , Ostiguín Meléndez Rosa María
Published: January 2019

La comprensión de las teorías y modelos de enfermería llevan consigo un amplio recorrido de discusión que contribuye al crecimiento de la disciplina. El Modelo de Promoción de la Salud propuesto por Nola Pender, es ampliamente utilizado por los profesionales de enfermería, ya que permite comprender comportamientos humanos relacionados con la salud, y a su vez, orienta hacia la generación de conductas saludables. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar un análisis de los artículos originales publicados en torno a este modelo, durante el período 2000–2010, identificando los aspectos más relevantes expresados en dichas publicaciones, así como las formas en que éste es interpretado y utilizado en la práctica. Las investigaciones realizadas a partir de este modelo, en el periodo mencionado, predominan en Brasil, Estados Unidos de América y México. Los grupos de personas en las que más se hacen, son adolescentes y adultos, las temáticas más mencionadas son: actividad física, estilos de vida saludable, enfermedades crónicas y obesidad, la gran mayoría de los investigadores, utiliza la totalidad de conceptos expresados en el modelo para la interpretación del fenómeno estudiado. Los profesionales que más investigan en torno a este modelo, son de los campos de enfermería y sociología. Se ha notado un incremento de las investigaciones alrededor del Modelo de Promoción de la Salud en la última década, reflejo del interés de estos expertos por comprender las conductas promotoras de la salud, así como de las motivaciones que llevan a realizarlas.
Ser agente de salud y el cuidado humanitario. Contribuyendo a su transformación
Authors: Salas Segura Susana , Zárate Rosa A. , Chávez Domínguez Rafael
Published: January 2019

El cuidado humanitario es un acto del ser, susceptible de evolucionar y conformar una unidad de cuidado a la salud con calidad para todos y requiere también de cuidado para no perder su valor de sentido positivo. Conciliar teoría y práctica no es simple, sino complejo. En este artículo se propone atender la relación Agente de Salud-Paciente por ser universal y congruente con el cambio. El enfoque epistemológico puntualiza lo positivo, lo acumulado en la historia no puede desaparecer del presente. La respuesta es integración, hacer coincidir las ciencias formales, con las sociales, humanas y la tecnología. El apoyo cultural es vital, la educación es sólo parte y convoca a construir el nuevo paradigma; al invocarlo se superan las acciones ineficaces. El acto preventivo es a todos los niveles, sea del hospital, la escuela, la comunidad el hogar y la comunidad entera. La Enfermería del futuro, con su desarrollo teórico, contribuye al cambio, del cuidado reduccionista al integral y humanitario. Se propone reforzar la atención al desempeño del Agente de Salud y orientarlo con la disposición Humanitaria. El tema profundiza en el conocimiento del cuidado y le concierne a todo profesional de la salud.
Intervenciones de enfermería en rehabilitación a una persona con prótesis de cadera por tumor de células gigantes
Authors: Navarro González Diana , Ramírez Gutiérrez Nohemí , Hernández Corral Sandra
Published: January 2019

La asistencia de enfermería en rehabilitación tiene como principales objetivos ayudar al paciente a alcanzar su máxima independencia de acuerdo a sus capacidades, promover el autocuidado a través de orientación y entrenamiento de situaciones que le permitan reinsertarse a su vida social y familiar de la mejor manera posible y con calidad. Es por ello que en los pacientes con prótesis total de cadera, enfermería desempeña un papel importante para lograr la autonomía en las actividades de la vida diaria (AVD). Objetivo: Dar a conocer el papel del profesional de enfermería especialista en rehabilitación en la atención de pacientes con prótesis de cadera. Metodología: El caso seleccionado corresponde a una persona con prótesis total de cadera por tumor de células gigantes; la valoración se realizó mediante interrogatorio utilizando una guía de entrevista, se complementó con la exploración física y la aplicación de escalas de: Daniels, Tinetti, Lawton, Barthel y la Escala Visual Análoga. Los diagnósticos de enfermería se realizaron con el formato PES, y se propusieron intervenciones especializadas en rehabilitación. Resultados: El problema principal fue el deterioro de la movilidad física de la cadera izquierda; por lo cual se realizaron intervenciones como aplicación de termoterapia, movimiento articular, ejercicios de fortalecimiento, ejercicios de equilibrio, ejercicios para la marcha, utilización de dispositivos para la marcha, entre otros. Como resultado de las intervenciones de enfermería en rehabilitación se incrementó la fuerza muscular que repercutió directamente en la marcha y en la realización de las actividades de la vida diaria.