bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating the population-level kidney benefits of improved uptake of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with chronic kidney disease in Australian primary care
Authors: Neuen Brendon L , Jun Min , Wick James , Kotwal Sradha , Badve Sunil V , Jardine Meg J , Gallagher Martin , Chalmers John , Nallaiah Kellie , Perkovic Vlado , Peiris David , Rodgers Anthony , Woodward Mark , Ronksley Paul E
Published: June 2023

Background

Although sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of kidney failure and death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), they are underused in routine clinical practice. We evaluated the number of patients with CKD in Australia that would be eligible for treatment with an SGLT2 inhibitor and estimated the number of cardiorenal and kidney failure events that could be averted with improved uptake of SGLT2 inhibitors.

Methods

Using nationally-representative Australian primary care data (MedicineInsight), we identified patients that would have met inclusion criteria of the CREDENCE, DAPA-CKD, and EMPA-KIDNEY trials between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2021. We applied these data to age and sex-stratified estimates of CKD prevalence from the broader Australian population (using national census data) to generate population-level estimates for: (1) the number of CKD patients eligible for treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors and (2) the annual number of potentially preventable cardiorenal (CKD progression, kidney failure, or death due to cardiovascular disease or kidney failure), and kidney failure events with SGLT2 inhibitors based on trial event rates.

Results

In MedicineInsight, 44.2% of adults with CKD would have met CKD eligibility criteria for an SGLT2 inhibitor; baseline use was 4.1%. Applying these data to the broader Australian population, we estimated 230,246 patients with CKD in Australia would have been eligible for treatment with any SGLT2 inhibitor. Optimal implementation of SGLT2 inhibitors (75% uptake in eligible patients) could reduce cardiorenal and kidney failure events annually in Australia by 3,644 (95% CI 3,526-3,764) and 1,312 (95% CI 1,242-1,385), respectively.

Conclusions

Improved uptake of SGLT2 inhibitors for patients with CKD in Australian primary care has the potential to prevent large numbers of patients experiencing CKD progression or dying due to cardiovascular or kidney disease. Identifying strategies to increase the uptake of SGLT2 inhibitors is critical to realising the population-level benefits of this drug class.
Estimating the impact of transmitted and non-transmitted psychiatric and neurodevelopmental polygenic scores on youth emotional problems
Authors: Shakeshaft Amy , Martin Joanna , Dennison Charlotte A. , Riglin Lucy , Lewis Cathryn M. , O’Donovan Michael C. , Thapar Anita
Published: June 2023

Anxiety and depression (emotional disorders) are familial and heritable, especially when onset is early. However, other cross-generational studies suggest transmission of youth emotional problems is explained by mainly environmental risks. We set out to test the contribution of parental non-transmitted genetic liability, as indexed by psychiatric/neurodevelopmental common polygenic liability, to youth emotional problems using a UK population-based cohort: the Millennium Cohort Study. European (N=6,328) and South Asian (N=814) ancestries were included, as well as a subset with genomic data from both parents (European: N=2,809; South Asian: N=254). We examined the association of transmitted (PGST) and non-transmitted polygenic scores (PGSNT) for anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder and neurodevelopmental disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], autism spectrum disorder [ASD], schizophrenia) with youth emotional disorder and symptom scores, measured using the parent-and self-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire emotional subscale at 6 timepoints between ages 3-17 years. In the European sample, PGSTfor anxiety and depression, but not bipolar disorder, were associated with emotional disorder and symptom scores across all ages, except age 3, with strongest association in adolescence. ADHD and ASD PGSTalso showed association across ages 11-17 years. In the South Asian sample, evidence for associations between all PGSTand outcome measures were weaker. There was weak evidence of association between PGSNTfor anxiety and depression and age 17 symptom scores in the South Asian sample, but not in the European sample for any outcome. Overall, PGSTfor depression, anxiety, ADHD and ASD contributed to youth emotional problems, with stronger associations in adolescence. There was limited support for non-transmitted genetic effects: these findings do not support the hypothesis that parental polygenic psychiatric/neurodevelopmental liability confer risk to offspring emotional problems through non-transmitted rearing/nurture effects.
Pancreatic Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Stimulate Schwann Cell Phenotype Indicative of Perineural Invasion via IL-8 Signaling
Authors: Gregory Emory , Powers Isabel , Jamshidi-Parsian Azemat , Griffin Robert , Song Younghye
Published: June 2023

Pancreatic cancer remains a pre-eminent cause of cancer-related deaths with late-stage diagnoses leading to an 11% five-year survival rate. Moreover, perineural invasion (PNI), in which cancer cells migrate into adjacent nerves, occurs in an overwhelming majority of patients, further enhancing tumor metastasis. PNI has only recently been recognized as a key contributor to cancer progression; thus, there are insufficient treatment options for the disease. Attention has been focused on glial Schwann cells (SC) for their mediation of pancreatic PNI. Under stress, SCs dedifferentiate from their mature state to facilitate the repair of peripheral nerves; however, this signaling can also re-direct cancer cells to accelerate PNI. Limited research has explored the mechanism that causes this shift in SC phenotype in cancer. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEV) have been implicated in other avenues of cancer development, such as pre-metastatic niche formation in secondary locations, yet how TEVs contribute to PNI has not been fully explored. In this study, we highlight TEVs as initiators of SC activation into a PNI-associated phenotype. Proteomic and pathway assessments of TEVs revealed an elevation in interleukin-8 (IL-8) signaling and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) over healthy cell-derived EVs. TEV-treated SCs exhibited higher levels of activation markers, which were successfully neutralized with IL-8 inhibition. Additionally, TEVs increased NFκB subunit p65 nuclear translocation, which may lead to increased secretion of cytokines and proteases indicative of SC activation and PNI. These findings present a novel mechanism that may be targeted for the treatment of pancreatic cancer PNI.

Statement of Significance

Identifying pancreatic tumor extracellular vesicles as key players in Schwann cell activation and perineural invasion by way of IL-8 will educate for more specialized and effective targets for an under-valued disease.
Combining synchrotron X-ray diffraction, mechanistic modeling and machine learning for in situ subsurface temperature quantification during laser melting
Authors: Lim Rachel E. , Mukherjee Tuhin , Chuang Chihpin , Phan Thien Q. , DebRoy Tarasankar , Pagan Darren C.
Published: June 2023

Laser melting, such as that encountered during additive manufacturing, produces extreme gradients of temperature in both space and time, which in turn influence microstructural development in the material. Qualification and model validation of the process itself and the resulting material necessitate the ability to characterize these temperature fields. However, well established means to directly probe the material temperature below the surface of an alloy while it is being processed are limited. To address this gap in characterization capabilities, a novel means is presented to extract subsurface temperature-distribution metrics, with uncertainty, from in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements to provide quantitative temperature evolution data during laser melting. Temperature-distribution metrics are determined using Gaussian process regression supervised machine-learning surrogate models trained with a combination of mechanistic modeling (heat transfer and fluid flow) and X-ray diffraction simulation. The trained surrogate model uncertainties are found to range from 5 to 15% depending on the metric and current temperature. The surrogate models are then applied to experimental data to extract temperature metrics from an Inconel 625 nickel superalloy wall specimen during laser melting. The maximum temperatures of the solid phase in the diffraction volume through melting and cooling are found to reach the solidus temperature as expected, with the mean and minimum temperatures found to be several hundred degrees less. The extracted temperature metrics near melting are determined to be more accurate because of the lower relative levels of mechanical elastic strains. However, uncertainties for temperature metrics during cooling are increased due to the effects of thermomechanical stress.
The structure of the RBD–E77 Fab complex reveals neutralization and immune escape of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Zhang Zhichao , Li Xiaoxiong , Xue Ying , Yang Bo , Jia Yuanyuan , Liu Shichao , Lu Defen
Published: June 2023

The spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 is the major target of neutralizing antibodies and vaccines. Antibodies that target the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of S have high potency in preventing viral infection. The ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2, especially mutations occurring in the RBD of new variants, has severely challenged the development of neutralizing antibodies and vaccines. Here, a murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) designated E77 is reported which engages the prototype RBD with high affinity and potently neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses. However, the capability of E77 to bind RBDs vanishes upon encountering variants of concern (VOCs) which carry the N501Y mutation, such as Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Omicron, in contrast to its performance with the Delta variant. To explain the discrepancy, cryo-electron microscopy was used to analyze the structure of an RBD–E77 Fab complex, which reveals that the binding site of E77 on RBD belongs to the RBD-1 epitope, which largely overlaps with the binding site of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2). Both the heavy chain and the light chain of E77 interact extensively with RBD and contribute to the strong binding of RBD. E77 employs CDRL1 to engage Asn501 of RBD and the Asn-to-Tyr mutation could generate steric hindrance, abolishing the binding. In sum, the data provide the landscape for an in-depth understanding of immune escape of VOCs and rational antibody engineering against emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2.
Political connection as a double-edged sword: the case of tax aggressiveness practice during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rudyanto Astrid , Julisar Julisar , Debora Debora
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This research aims to examine the association between political connection and tax aggressiveness during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of business ethics in the association between political connection and tax aggressiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs a multiple regression method for 147 manufacturing firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the pandemic era.

Findings

Political connection has no association with tax aggressiveness. However, political connection has a negative (positive) association with tax aggressiveness in more (less) ethical firms. The results are robust after controlling for year-fixed effects, endogeneity issues and other tax aggressiveness measurements.

Originality/value

Political connection is often cited as the driver of unethical business, including tax aggressiveness. However, this paper claims and finds that political connection is a double-edged sword. Ethical firms use political connection to reduce their tax aggressiveness, and vice versa. Previous research has paid little attention to this topic. This paper also uses COVID-19 as a natural experiment to highlight the importance of corporate social responsibility activities as business ethics.
Active BIM system for optimized multi-project ready-mix-concrete delivery
Authors: Begić Hana , Galić Mario , Klanšek Uroš
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Ready-mix concrete delivery problem (RMCDP), a specific version of the vehicle routing problem (VRP), is a relevant supply-chain engineering task for construction management with various formulations and solving methods. This problem can range from a simple scenario involving one source, one material and one destination to a more challenging and complex case involving multiple sources, multiple materials and multiple destinations. This paper presents an Internet of Things (IoT)-supported active building information modeling (BIM) system for optimized multi-project ready-mix concrete (RMC) delivery.

Design/methodology/approach

The presented system is BIM-based, IoT supported, dynamic and automatic input/output exchange to provide an optimal delivery program for multi-project ready-mix-concrete problem. The input parameters are extracted as real-time map-supported IoT data and transferred to the system via an application programming interface (API) into a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) optimization model developed to perform the optimization. The obtained optimization results are further integrated into BIM by conventional project management tools. To demonstrate the features of the suggested system, an RMCDP example was applied to solve that included four building sites, seven eligible concrete plants and three necessary RMC mixtures.

Findings

The system provides the optimum delivery schedule for multiple RMCs to multiple construction sites, as well as the optimum RMC quantities to be delivered, the quantities from each concrete plant that must be supplied, the best delivery routes, the optimum execution times for each construction site, and the total minimal costs, while also assuring the dynamic transfer of the optimized results back into the portfolio of multiple BIM projects. The system can generate as many solutions as needed by updating the real-time input parameters in terms of change of the routes, unit prices and availability of concrete plants.

Originality/value

The suggested system allows dynamic adjustments during the optimization process, andis adaptable to changes in input data also considering the real-time input data. The system is based on spreadsheets, which are widely used and common tool that most stakeholders already utilize daily, while also providing the possibility to apply a more specialized tool. Based on this, the RMCDP can be solved using both conventional and advanced optimization software, enabling the system to handle even large-scale tasks as necessary.
Do corporate social responsibility practices have an impact on employer attractiveness – an approach to corporate volunteering programs
Authors: Seara Margarida , Proença Teresa , Ferreira Marisa R.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to understand the impact that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices have on the perceived attractiveness of companies in the eyes of their employees and potential candidates. Moreover, this study assesses the mediation role that Extrinsic (EA) and Intrinsic Attributions (IA) about Corporate Volunteering (CV) have on this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Three hundred and five responses were collected in an online questionnaire and a Structural Equation Modelling model was designed to explain the proposed relationships of the variables under study.

Findings

The authors found that the IA that employees/candidates make about CV programs have a direct and positive impact on the company’s attractiveness; it was not possible to conclude the same about EA.

Originality/value

Unlike studies already existing in the area of corporate attractiveness that focus on the perspective of companies and customers, with a high focus on the organizational implementation of CSR and organizational benefits, this study has adopted a different perspective that focuses on the opinion of company employees, as well as the perspective of possible candidates. By not limiting participation to anyone, it covers a wide range of participants, allowing a broader knowledge of the labor market.
Evaluation of employment quality of college graduates based on interval MULTIMOORA with combination weights
Authors: Xie Jialiang , Wang Wenxin , Chen Yanling , Li Feng , Liu Xiaohui
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a novel interval Multi-Objective Optimization by a Ratio Analysis plus the Full Multiplicative Form(MULTIMOORA) with combination weights to evaluate the employment quality of college graduates, where the criteria are expressed by interval numbers and the weights of criteria are completely unknown.

Design/methodology/approach

Firstly, considering the subjective uncertainty of the weights of the criteria, the interval best worst method (I-BWM) was present to determine the subjective weights of the criteria. Secondly, by the improved interval number distance measure, an improved interval deviation maximization method (I-MDM) was introduced to detemine the objective weights. In the following, based on the I-BWM and the improved I-MDM, a combination weighting method that takes into account the subjective and objective weights is proposed. Finally, a multi-criteria decision-making method based on the interval MULTIMOORA with combination weights is present to evaluate the employment quality of college graduates, and then a comparative analysis with some of the existing distance measures of interval numberswas conducted to illustrate the flexibility.

Findings

According to the data of the Report on Employment Quality of Chinese College Graduats released by Mycos Research Institute in 2016–2020 and 2021–2022, the proposed method was used to evaluate the employment quality of college graduates during the period before and after the COVID-19 epidemic. The results verify that the method is more reasonable because the subjective and objective weights of the criteria can be fully considered. Finally, the feasibility and practicability of the proposed method are further verified by varying parameters.

Originality/value

Present an evaluation method on the employment quality of college graduates based on the Interval MULTIMOORA with combination weights considering the subjective and objective weights. And the proposed method is proved that it can provide a more reasonable evaluation results. At the same time, it is verified that the feasibility and the practicability of the proposed method are affected by varying parameters in the paper.
Tax incentives and upward R&D manipulation – evidence from the R&D tax deduction policy in China
Authors: He Yanan , Zhang Xindong , Hao Panpan , Dai Xiaoyong , Xue Haiyan
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This paper investigates whether China's R&D tax deduction policy triggers firms to manipulate their R&D expenditures upward.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper employs the ratio of actual tax savings as a proxy for the benefits of the R&D tax deduction policy based on manually collected and systematically cross-checked data. The relationship between tax benefits and abnormal R&D spending is estimated in a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies for the period 2007–2018.

Findings

The findings suggest that tax deductions lead to positive abnormal R&D spending and that this deviation in R&D spending may be attributed to firms' upward R&D manipulation for tax avoidance. The results also indicate that this behavior is more significant for the period after the policy revision, in non-HNTEs (high and new technology enterprises), and in firms with a high ratio of R&D expenses.

Research limitations/implications

It is difficult to establish a sophisticated and unified model to identify the specific strategy of upward R&D manipulation that firms use to obtain tax benefits.

Practical implications

Managers should take into account upward R&D manipulation when designing governance mechanisms. Policymakers in developing countries may further pursue preferential tax policies that cover every stage of innovation activities gradually; the local provincial governments need to leverage their proximity and flexibility advantages to develop a tax collection and administration system.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the understanding of the complex effect of R&D tax incentives and helps more fully illuminate firms' upward R&D manipulation behavior from the perspective of tax planning strategies, which are underexplored in previous research.
Understanding organizational learning in a healthcare organization during sudden and disruptive change
Authors: Karanika-Murray Maria , Whysall Zara , Liu-Smith Yu-Ling , Feltbower Ceri , Challans-Rasool Emma
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Complex and sudden change that healthcare organizations often have to respond to, such as during the recent pandemic, can create major disruptions and a prolonged state of alert. Although the impact of such crises can be predominantly negative, rapid adjustments during this time can also yield positive change that can support organizational response to crisis, if managed well. Using insights from organizational learning and organizational change theory, the aim of this study was to understand organizational learning during sudden change. Specifically, the authors aimed to understand the experiences and types of gains and losses in the processes of complex and disruptive change in one large healthcare organization in the UK.

Design/methodology/approach

Focus group data were used from 23 focus group discussions with 575 participants representing all functions and departments in one Healthcare Trust.

Findings

The participants revealed the rich gains, losses, and lessons experienced in response to sudden change that can promote organizational learning. Perceived losses are more likely to drive a desire to refreeze “back to normal” and perceived gains more likely to lead to an emphasis on embedding gains and changing to better. Therefore, on balance, the substantial, in number and variety, gains and learnings point to a learning organization. This is an essential attribute for responding to disruptive change successfully and facilitating organizational recovery in a post-pandemic world.

Practical implications

The findings highlight the importance of timely harnessing of the organizational learning emerging from crises and how this can inform a more resilient organization, as well as supporting sustainable organizational cross-learning.

Originality/value

By extending these insights on workers’ adaptation to sudden change, the findings can help to advance the science and practice of organizational learning and support organizational recovery, especially as they describe the new status in UK healthcare organizations.
Identifying prosperity characteristics in small and medium-sized enterprises of Pakistan: firm, strategy and characteristics of entrepreneurs
Authors: Nazir Muhammad Arsalan , Khan Raza Saleem , Khan Mohsin Raza
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The link between SME performance, growth and development is well established; however, the characteristics of SMEs that allow firms to be successful in the long run in an underdeveloped country context, i.e. Pakistan, are still unclear. This paper aims to bridge this gap by identifying the SMEs’ characteristics that set them apart from their rivals and become successful.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses Storey’s development framework to identify the SMEs’ characteristics. Data is gathered using the case study method from SMEs with a metropolitan context in Pakistan. A narrative methodological framework was used during the data gathering and analysing stages.

Findings

Findings of this study indicate that the prosperity of SMEs in Pakistan is dependent on a combination of characteristics, including entrepreneurial characteristics of owner–managers, knowledge of business operating models, social networks and relationship building and innovation in business style. Additionally, other factors such as governance structure, strategic planning of market diversification and export characteristics also influence the prosperity of an SME. These findings may have several important implications for key stakeholders, including entrepreneurs, SMEs and policymakers in the government.

Originality/value

This research provides evidence about factors that can help an SME to become successful in uncertain situations surrounding a business environment. Theoretically, the contribution of this research is that it demonstrates that entrepreneurial characteristics and the effective leadership style of owner–managers can help SMEs achieve prosperity in external unforeseeable situations.
Adoption of dairy feed technology bundles improves smallholder dairy farmers' milk production
Authors: Akzar Rida , Peralta Alexandra , Umberger Wendy
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This study examined the effects of adopting dairy feed technology bundles on the milk production of smallholder dairy farmers.

Design/methodology/approach

The study was based on Multinomial Endogenous Switching Regression (MESR) to estimate the effects of the adoption of three feed technology bundles on milk production using data collected from 518 dairy farm households in West Java, Indonesia.

Findings

The findings indicated that adopting technology bundles had positive and robust effects on milk production, with gradual positive effects between non-adoption and the adoption of different bundles of technologies.

Research limitations/implications

This study focused on the association between the adoption of feed technology bundles and milk production. However, further analysis of the causal links between the adoption of feed technologies and milk production as well as the inclusion of other outcomes in the analysis, such as production costs and risk mitigation, are required.

Originality/value

Most of the literature on agricultural technology adoption focuses on the adoption of individual technologies, crop farming and conservation practices. Therefore, this study examined the effects of the adoption of dairy feed technology bundles.
Do linguistic features of research article titles affect received online attention? A corpus-based analysis
Authors: Zhu Haoran , Liu Xueying
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Scientific impact is traditionally assessed with citation-based metrics. Recently, altmetric indices have been introduced to measure scientific impact both within academia and among the general public. However, little research has investigated the association between the linguistic features of research article titles and received online attention. To address this issue, the authors examined in the present study the relationship between a series of title features and altmetric attention scores.

Design/methodology/approach

The data included 8,658 titles of Science articles. The authors extracted six features from the title corpus (i.e. mean word length, lexical sophistication, lexical density, title length, syntactic dependency length and sentiment score). The authors performed Spearman’s rank analyses to analyze the correlations between these features and online impact. The authors then conducted a stepwise backward multiple regression to identify predictors for the articles' online impact.

Findings

The correlation analyses revealed weak but significant correlations between all six title features and the altmetric attention scores. The regression analysis showed that four linguistic features of titles (mean word length, lexical sophistication, title length and sentiment score) have modest predictive effects on the online impact of research articles.

Originality/value

In the internet era with the widespread use of social media and online platforms, it is becoming increasingly important for researchers to adapt to the changing context of research evaluation. This study identifies several linguistic features that deserve scholars’ attention in the writing of article titles. It also has practical implications for academic administrators and pedagogical implications for instructors of academic writing courses.
Digital twin: an approach to enhancing tourism competitiveness
Authors: Litavniece Lienite , Kodors Sergejs , Adamoniene Rūta , Kijasko Jelena
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This study presents the concept of digital twin technology for the digitalization of tourism product competitiveness promotion recommendations.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative research method was applied, conducting pilot interviews with representatives of the tourism industry in order to evaluate the key performance indicators (KPIs) and ecosystem specific to the tourism product category “food service”. Based on expert evaluations, a recommendation for promoting the competitiveness of the tourism product was created. The expert evaluations and the provided recommendations were used to create a model of the digital twin for the promotion of tourism competitiveness.

Findings

The study found that it is possible to digitize tourism experts' knowledge into a format compatible with recommendation system development to create a digital twin to promote the competitiveness of the tourism industry.

Originality/value

Currently, there is almost no research on the use of digital twins in the tourism industry. The application of this methodology in practice can ensure the promotion of the competitiveness of the tourism sector.
Clinical practice patterns of speech‐language pathologists for screening and identifying dysphagia
Authors: Dumican Matthew , Thijs Zoe , Harper Kaitlynn
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To identify how speech‐language pathologists (SLPs) in the United States are screening for and identifying dysphagia. To do this, we examined the approaches most often used to screen for dysphagia and the influence of contextual factors such as setting, continuing education and means of staying up to date with the most current literature on screening approaches.

Method

A web‐based survey composed of 32 questions was developed and field tested for content, relevance and workflow. The survey was distributed online, via social media, online SLP forums and through the American Speech‐Language‐Hearing Association's Special Interest Group 13 (swallowing disorders). One hundred and thirty‐seven clinicians from the United States completed the survey and were included for analysis using descriptive statistics and linear regression modelling to assess associations of continuing education and years practicing with screening protocols and consumption of evidence.

Results

Respondents worked in a variety of settings, including acute care, skilled nursing facilities, and inpatient rehabilitation. Most respondents worked with adult populations (88%). The most common screening protocols reported were a volume‐dependent water swallow test (74%), subjective patient report (66%), and trials of solids/liquids (49%). Twenty‐four percent (24%) reported using a questionnaire, the Eating Assessment Tool (80%) being most common. How clinicians consume their evidence was significantly associated with the types of screening approaches used. Continuing education hours were significantly associated with dysphagia screening protocol choice (p < 0.001) and how clinicians stayed up to date with evidence (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Results from this study provide an in‐depth look at the choices clinicians are making in the field regarding how to effectively screen patients for the presence of dysphagia. Contextual factors such as evidence base consumption patterns should serve researchers to continue seeking alternative ways to share evidence with clinicians, accessibly. Associations between continuing education and protocol choice show the need for continued evidence‐based and high‐quality continuing education opportunities.

WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS

This study provides an in‐depth look at the choices clinicians are making in the field regarding effective dysphagia screening practices. Clinician screening choices are examined with contextual factors such as evidence base consumption patterns and continuing education. This paper increases knowledge of the most used dysphagia screening practices and context for clinicians and researchers to improve use, evidence and dissemination of best practices.
Nest complexity correlates with larger brain size but smaller body mass across bird species
Authors: LI Shaobin , LIU Yuxin , DU Xiaolong , LI Guopan , LIAO Wenbo
Published: June 2023

Amniotes differ substantially in absolute and relative brain size after controlling for allometry, and numerous hypotheses have been proposed to explain brain size evolution. Brain size is thought to correlate with processing capacity and the brain's ability to support complex manipulation such as nest‐building skills. The increased complexity of nest structure is supposed to be a measure of an ability to manipulate nesting material into the required shape. The degree of nest‐structure complexity is also supposed to be associated with body mass, partly because small species lose heat faster and delicate and insulated nests are more crucial for temperature control of eggs during incubation by small birds. Here, we conducted comparative analyses to test these hypotheses by investigating whether the complexity of species‐typical nest structure can be explained by brain size and body mass (a covariate also to control for allometric effects on brain size) across 1353 bird species from 147 families. Consistent with these hypotheses, our results revealed that avian brain size increases as the complexity of the nest structure increases after controlling for a significant effect of body size, and also that a negative relationship exists between nest complexity and body mass.
Alcohol and vascular endothelial function: Biphasic effect highlights the importance of dose
Authors: Rajendran Naresh K. , Liu Weimin , Cahill Paul A. , Redmond Eileen M.
Published: June 2023

Background

Alcohol (ethanol) consumption has different influences on arterial disease, being protective or harmful depending on the amount and pattern of consumption. The mechanisms mediating these biphasic effects are unknown. Whereas endothelial cells play a critical role in maintaining arterial health, this study compared the effects of moderate and high alcohol concentrations on endothelial cell function.

Methods

Human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) were treated with levels of ethanol associated with either low‐risk/moderate drinking (i.e., 25 mM) or high‐risk/heavy drinking (i.e., 50 mM) after which endothelial function was assessed. The effect of ethanol's primary metabolite acetaldehyde (10 and 25 μM) was also determined.

Results

Moderate ethanol exposure (25 mM) improved HCAEC barrier integrity as determined by increased transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), inhibited cell adhesion molecule (CAM) mRNA expression, decreased inflammatory cytokine (interferon‐γ and interleukin 6) production, inhibited monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1) expression and monocyte adhesion, and increased homeostatic Notch signaling. In contrast, exposure to high‐level ethanol (50 mM) decreased TEER, increased CAM expression and inflammatory cytokine production, and stimulated MCP‐1 and monocyte adhesion, with no effect on Notch signaling. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity were increased by both alcohol treatments, and to a greater extent in the 50 mM ethanol group. Acetaldehyde‐elicited responses were generally the same as those of the high‐level ethanol group.

Conclusions

Ethanol has biphasic effects on several endothelial functions such that a moderate level maintains the endothelium in a nonactivated state, whereas high‐level ethanol causes endothelial dysfunction, as does acetaldehyde. These data show the importance of dose when considering ethanol's effects on arterial endothelium, and could explain, in part, the J‐shaped relationship between alcohol concentration and atherosclerosis reported in some epidemiologic studies.
Do venture capitalists with foreign experience drive corporate social responsibility better? Evidence from China
Authors: Zheng Jiami , Zhang Lin
Published: June 2023

Using a manually collected dataset, we examine the effects of venture capitalists with foreign experience on firms' corporate social responsibility (CSR) engagement. By analysing firm‐, deal‐ and venture capitalist‐level samples, we find that venture capitalists with foreign experience significantly improve their portfolio firms' CSR; this finding holds across extensive robustness tests. Venture capitalists with foreign experience promote CSR more significantly if they join the board of directors or invest in the firm's early stages. Our results suggest that venture capitalists with foreign experience transplant the client demands, management practices and social norms they have experienced abroad to their firms.
Taste and smell alterations affect nutritional status in children under chemotherapy
Authors: Grain Audrey , Camuset Margaux , Gras‐Leguen Christèle , Hardouin Jean‐Benoit , Scherdel Pauline , Caldari Dominique
Published: June 2023

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of self‐reported taste and smell alterations (TSA) in cancer paediatric patients and evaluate the impact of TSA on nutritional status in this population. We also developed and validated a composite score to detect TSA in children undergoing chemotherapy.

Methods

Paediatric patients who were undergoing chemotherapy in a paediatric oncology unit were included. TSA were assessed from the Gustonco questionnaire from which a composite score was developed and internally validated, eating behaviour was assessed using Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, and major weight loss was defined from nutritional status. All data were calculated at 1, 3 and 6 months after chemotherapy start. Associations between nutritional status and scores were studied by using logistic models.

Results

Among 49 patients included, TSA occurred in 71.7% of patients at 1 month after chemotherapy start and persisted at 3 and 6 months. TSA led to altered appetite since 1 month after chemotherapy start. The occurrence of a major weight loss at 6 months seemed to be associated with a high Gustonco score.

Conclusion

Taste and smell alterations often occurred in paediatric cancer patients after chemotherapy start and seemed to be associated with impaired nutrition at 6 months after chemotherapy.
Bacterial translocation markers and toll‐like receptors in biliary atresia following successful portoenterostomy
Authors: Godbole Nimish , Kyrönlahti Antti , Hukkinen Maria , Pihlajoki Marjut , Heikinheimo Markku , Pakarinen Mikko P.
Published: June 2023

Aim

The gut–liver axis may contribute to pathophysiology of cholestatic liver disorders like biliary atresia (BA) by bacterial translocation (BT). Toll‐like receptors (TLR) are pattern recognition receptors known to activate innate immunity and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Herein, we examined BT‐associated biomarkers and TLRs in relation to liver injury after successful portoenterostomy (SPE) in BA.

Methods

Serum levels of lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein (LBP), CD14, LAL, TNF‐α, IL‐6 and FABP2 along with liver expression of TLRs (TLR1, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9), LBP and CD14 were measured during median 4.9 (1.7–10.6) years follow‐up after SPE in 45 BA patients.

Results

Serum LBP, CD14, TNF‐α and IL‐6 all increased after SPE whereas LAL and FABP‐2 remained unchanged. Serum LBP correlated positively with CD14 and markers of hepatocyte injury and cholestasis, but not with Metavir fibrosis stage, transcriptional markers for fibrosis (ACTA2) or ductular reaction. Serum CD14 concentration was significantly higher in patients with portal hypertension than without. While liver expression of TLR4 and LBP remained low, TLR7 and TLR1 showed marked BA‐specific increases, and TLR7 correlated with Metavir fibrosis stage and ACTA2.

Conclusion

BT does not seem to play a significant role in liver injury after SPE in our series of BA patients.
Ethical workplace climate in nonprofit organizations: Conceptualization and measurement
Authors: Verma Govind Gopi , Biswas Saswata Narayan
Published: June 2023

Ethical workplace climate has been extensively researched in the for‐profit context but neglected in nonprofits. Perhaps because nonprofits promote shared values, engage with people, and implement development interventions creating public good, they are considered implicitly ethical. This assumption has been questioned in recent studies. We attempted to develop a psychometrically valid scale measuring ethical workplace climate following a sequential research design to fill this gap. We interviewed 74 employees from 30 nonprofit organizations using the critical incident technique to generate statements on ethical workplace climate. The statements generated were categorized with expert judges' help, followed by a survey of 507 nonprofit employees across India. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and subsequent confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) resulted in a 43‐item scale, further reduced to 26 items using stepwise regression. Results of subsequent application of EFA and CFA confirmed a four‐factor solution: self‐interest, collegiality, internal legitimacy, and stewardship. A follow‐up study of 243 members of nonprofit organizations confirmed the hypothesized relationships that ethical work climate has a significant effect on affective commitment and job engagement. Finally, we discussed our findings along theoretical contributions, implications, limitations, and future direction.
Understanding parent engagement in advanced allied health single session therapy for children with developmental and behavioural disabilities
Authors: Creen Julie , Kennedy‐Behr Ann , Donkin Rebecca , Verdonck Michele
Published: June 2023

Background

Increasingly, health services are adopting short‐term consultative therapy models, such as single session therapy, to cope with increased service demands, finite budgets and changing consumer expectations. Within the paediatric sub‐specialty of child development and behaviour, allied health clinicians are central to supporting families to understand their children, provide therapeutic interventions and help achieve optimal developmental and health outcomes. This study aimed to describe parents'/caregivers' engagement during advanced allied health consultations utilizing a single session therapy framework for managing neurodevelopmental and behavioural concerns in children.

Methods

Between March to June 2021, 14 parents participated in a qualitative study involving focus groups. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to code and interpret the data to understand and explore families' engagement in single session therapy.

Results

Three overarching themes relating to parents' engagement during consultations emerged from the data: connection with the clinician, parental attributes and organizational influences. Clinician connection was the prominent construct that enhanced parent attributes and the positive perception of the organization in an ongoing manner. There was a complex interplay between the behavioural and affective components of the clinician, parents and the organization to create mutual presence, valued time, understanding and action.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the importance of clinician connection, parental attributes and organizational influences to enhance engagement in therapeutic consultations. These factors are interrelated and are a complex blend of behaviour and internal states and highly individualized for each family. Understanding how services can continue to engage families is integral to ongoing sustainability and overall health and well‐being.
A step of faith: The experiences of street children in search of survival in Nakuru City, Kenya and its implications on policy
Authors: Ongowo Eliud Okumu , Ngetich Kibet , Murenga Hadija
Published: June 2023

Literature on street children has documented the life of street children in four phases: at home, on the streets, in child care institutions and post institutionalization. However, the journey to the streets has not received sufficient scholarly examination. This article documents street children's experiences in search of survival in Nakuru City, Kenya. The study adopted a qualitative research design with Nakuru City being purposively selected as an emerging city and a fourth city in Kenya with the highest number of street children. Data was collected from 14 purposively street children through in‐depth interviews and analysed thematically. The study demonstrates unique experiences of the journey to the streets and recommends policy development that guarantee survival and protection rights. We conclude that the desire for survival generates resilience in children that powers them through the journey to the streets.
Cystic lesions in the salivary gland. Pitfalls to be avoided on cytology
Authors: Vegni Federica , Feraco Angela , Policardo Federica , Tralongo Pietro , De Stefano Ilenia , Ferraro Giulia , Zhang Qianqian , Carlino Angela , Navarra Elena , Mulè Antonino , Rossi Esther Diana
Published: June 2023

Cystic lesions of the salivary glands are very uncommon entities. However, on occasion, some neoplasms of the salivary glands show a cystic component, which may be predominant or only partially cystic. Basal cell adenoma, canalicular adenoma, oncocytoma, sebaceous adenoma, intraductal papilloma, epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma, intraductal carcinoma, and secretory carcinoma are such cystic entities. Cystic degeneration and necrosis, which can develop within solid tumours, represent another possibility. The ability to recognise this type of lesion is a challenge in diagnostic cytology because hypocellular fluid is frequently recovered. Furthermore, evaluating all of the differential diagnoses for cystic lesions of the salivary glands is helpful in obtaining the correct diagnosis. Herein, we evaluate the various types of cystic lesions within the salivary glands.
Global benthic biogeographical regions and macroecological drivers for ophiuroids
Authors: Victorero Lissette , Samadi Sarah , O'Hara Timothy D. , Mouchet Maud , Delavenne Juliette , Leprieur Fabien , Leroy Boris
Published: June 2023

Delineating biogeographical regions can provide important insights into the processes shaping large‐scale species distribution patterns. Here we aimed to 1) identify global marine benthic biogeographical regions for ophiuroids extending from shallow waters to the deep sea and 2) quantify the importance of contemporary environmental conditions and geological features in shaping the delineated biogeographical regions. We delineated marine benthic biogeographical regions using a bipartite network analysis applied to a historical dataset of brittle stars. We then examined the faunal exchanges between the regions, and applied random forest models to evaluate the relative role of contemporary environmental conditions and tectonic configuration underlying the proposed biogeographic scheme. We propose ten main large biogeographical regions across the benthos. The biogeographical regions with the highest species richness and endemicity rates were found in the Indo‐Pacific region, Tropical West Atlantic and Southern Ocean, and South America. The key transition regions fall within the subarctic areas of the Pacific and the waters surrounding Southern Australia and New Zealand. Tectonic configuration, surface temperature and salinity were found to be the most important predictors of the ten delineated biogeographical regions. Our biogeographic delineation, including the deep sea, is in partial agreement with those proposed in previous studies. Our results suggest that contemporary environmental conditions (sea water temperature and salinity) strongly influence the modern distribution of ophiuroids, but that plate tectonics left a marked imprint on regional species pools. Future work based on multiple benthic taxa, and with a better understanding of the environmental conditions in the deep sea, are needed to evaluate the robustness of our proposed division.