bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fibroblast growth factor 2 negatively regulates the induction of neuronal progenitors from neural stem cells
Authors: Tsai Robert Y.L. , Kim Seokwoon
Published: August 2005

Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) exhibits pleiotropic functions during embryogenesis. In neural development, both pro‐ and antineurogenic activities of FGF2 have been described in the differentiation of neuronal progenitors into postmitotic neurons. We used cultured neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from rat embryonic day 14.5 cortex to determine the FGF2 effect on the induction of early neuronal progenitors. Our data showed that the presence of FGF2 during serum‐induced differentiation of NSCs reduced the number of Tuj1+ neurons. A bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)/Tuj1 double‐labeling assay and expression analyses of the pro‐ and antineurogenic basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) factors showed that FGF2 blocked the generation of early neuronal progenitors, but not the cell‐cycle exit of dividing neurons. This negative regulation of neuronal induction by FGF2 was associated with the persistent expression of an antineurogenic bHLH, hairy and enhancer of split (HES)‐1. A gene‐profiling study demonstrated that the developmental programs underlying neuronal differentiation were altered as a whole and identified several developmentally regulated, neural‐enriched genes. This work shows that FGF2 exerts an antineurogenic effect during the developmental window when neuronal progenitors are first induced from NSCs. It also provides a novel experimental system that can be used to prospectively identify genes expressed at different stages of neuronal differentiation. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of overexpression of wild‐type or mutant parkin on the cellular response induced by toxic insults
Authors: Hyun Dong‐Hoon , Lee MoonHee , Halliwell Barry , Jenner Peter
Published: August 2005

Mutations in parkin are involved in some cases of autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (AR‐JP), but it is not known how they result in nigral cell death. We examined the effect of parkin overexpression on the response of cells to various insults. Wild‐type and AR‐JP‐associated mutant parkins (Del3‐5, T240R, and Q311X) were overexpressed in NT‐2 and SK‐N‐MC cells. Overexpressed wild‐type parkin delayed cell death induced by serum withdrawal, H2O2, 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP+), or 4‐hydroxy‐2‐trans‐nonenal (HNE) but did not delay cell death caused by the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin. Increases in damage to proteins (protein carbonyls and 3‐nitrotyrosine) were attenuated by wild‐type parkin after serum withdrawal or exposure to H2O2, MPP+, or HNE but not after exposure to lactacystin. The mutant parkins (of all types) markedly accelerated cell death in response to all the insults, accompanied by increased levels of 8‐hydroxyguanine, protein carbonyls, lipid peroxidation, and 3‐nitrotyrosine and decreased levels of GSH. The viability loss induced by all the insults showed apoptotic features. The presence of parkin mutations in substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease may increase neuronal vulnerability to a range of toxic insults. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maximal vertex‐connectivity of $\overrightarrow{S_{n,k}}$
Authors: Cheng Eddie , Lindsey William A. , Steffy Daniel E.
Published: August 2005

The class of star graphs is a popular topology for interconnection networks. However, it has certain deficiencies. A class of generalization of star graphs called (n,k)‐star graphs was introduced by Chiang and Chen to address these issues. In this article we will consider the vertex‐connectivity of the directed (n,k)‐star graph,$\overrightarrow{S_{n,k}}$, given by Cheng and Lipman,8, and show that it is maximally connected. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 46(3), 154–162 2005
Enhanced thermal stability achieved without increased conformational rigidity at physiological temperatures: Spatial propagation of differential flexibility in rubredoxin hybrids
Authors: LeMaster David M. , Tang Jianzhong , Paredes Diana I. , Hernández Griselda
Published: August 2005

The extreme thermal stability of proteins from hyperthermophilic organisms is widely believed to arise from an increased conformational rigidity in the native state. In apparent contrast to this paradigm, both Pyrococcus furiosus (Pf) rubredoxin, the most thermostable protein characterized to date, and its Clostridium pasteurianum (Cp) mesophile homolog undergo a transient conformational opening of their multi‐turn segments, which is more favorable in hyperthermophile proteins below room temperature. Substitution of the hyperthermophile multi‐turn sequence into the mesophile protein sequence yields a hybrid, (14–33Pf) Cp, that exhibits a 12° increase in its reversible thermal unfolding transition midpoint. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) magnetization transfer‐based hydrogen exchange was used to monitor backbone conformational dynamics in the subsecond time regime. Despite the substantially increased thermostability, flexibility throughout the entire main chain of the more thermostable hybrid is equal to or greater than that of the wild type mesophile rubredoxin near its normal growth temperature. In comparison to the identical core residues of the (14–33Pf) Cp rubredoxin hybrid, six spatially clustered residues in the parental mesophile protein exhibit a substantially larger temperature dependence of exchange. The exchange behavior of these six residues closely matches that observed in the multi‐turn segment, consistent with a more extensive conformational process. These six core residues exhibit a much weaker temperature dependence of exchange in the (14–33Pf) Cp hybrid, similar to that observed for the multi‐turn segment in its parental Pf rubredoxin. These results suggest that differential temperature dependence of flexibility can underlie variations in thermostability observed for mesophile versus hyperthermophile homologs. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
QND theory of long range forces in AFM on Au(111) [phys. stat. sol. (b) Vol. 242, No. 12, R103–R105 (2005)]
Authors: Drakova D. , Doyen G.
Published: August 2005

The misprint of two sentences on page R105 is corrected.

See original phys. stat. sol. (b) Vol. 242, No. 12, R103–R105 (2005)

(© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Resultants and loop closure
Authors: Coutsias Evangelos A. , Seok Chaok , Wester Michael J. , Dill Ken A.
Published: August 2005

The problem of tripeptide loop closure is formulated in terms of the angles {τi}describing the orientation of each peptide unit about the virtual axis joining theCαatoms. Imposing the constraint that at the junction of two such units the bond angle between the bondsCαNandCαCis fixed at some prescribed value θ results in a system of three bivariate polynomials inui≔ tan τi/2 of degree 2 in each variable. The system is analyzed for the existence of common solutions by making use of resultants, determinants of matrices composed of the coefficients of two (or more) polynomials, whose vanishing is a necessary and sufficient condition for the polynomials to have a common root. Two resultants are compared: the classical Sylvester resultant and the Dixon resultant. It is shown that when two of the variables are eliminated in favor of the third, a polynomial of degree 16 results. To each one of its real roots, there is a corresponding common zero of the system. To each such zero, there corresponds a consistent conformation of the chain. The Sylvester method can find these zeros among the eigenvalues of a 24 × 24 matrix. For the Dixon approach, after removing extraneous factors, an optimally sized eigenvalue problem of size 16 × 16 results. Finally, the easy extension to the more general problem of triaxial loop closure is presented and an algorithm for implementing the method on arbitrary chains is given. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Automated derivation and parallel computer implementation of renormalized and active‐space coupled‐cluster methods
Authors: Piecuch Piotr , Hirata So , Kowalski Karol , Fan Peng‐Dong , Windus Theresa L.
Published: August 2005

Our recent efforts that have led to an automated derivation and computer implementation of the renormalized and active‐space coupled‐cluster (CC) methods with Tensor Contraction Engine (TCE) are summarized. The TCE‐generated renormalized and active‐space CC computer codes are parallel and applicable to closed‐ and open‐shell references, enabling accurate calculations of potential energy surfaces along bond‐breaking coordinates and excited states displaying a significant multi‐reference character. The effectiveness of the new codes in describing electronic quasi‐degeneracies is illustrated by the renormalized CC calculations of the potential energy curve of HCl and the active‐space CC calculations for the low‐lying excited states of the Be3 system. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
The Cadmium Oxide Route to Alkali Metal Oxometallates with Uncommon Structural Features
Authors: Möller Angela
Published: August 2005

The aim of this research report is to give an introduction to a specific solid state reaction applied in the field of alkali metal rich transition metal compounds. The approach is an explorative investigation of the oxidation of transition metals with CdO in the presence of alkali metal oxides and / or compounds with complex anions such as Na2SO4. Thereby, a range of unusual compounds have been obtained and structurally characterized. In particular, low valences and uncommon coordination numbers (C.N.) of the late 3d transition metals, as well as interesting varieties in the anionic part of the structures are accessible. The presented examples were selected mainly in order of their inherent aspects concerning the reactivity, structural features or electronic structures.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Two New Molydenum(V) Pyrophosphate Complexes
Authors: Li Qi , Zhang Shi‐Wei
Published: August 2005

Two new reduced molybdenum pyrophosphates, Na28[Na2{(Mo2O4)10(P2O7)10(HCOO)10}]·108H2O (1) and Na22(H3O)2[Na4{(Mo2O4)10(P2O7)10(CH3COO)8(H2O)4}]·91H2O (2) have been synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Red crystals of 1 are triclinic, space group $P{\bar 1}$, with a = 17.946(4) Å, b = 18.118(4) Å, c = 21.579(4) Å, α = 114.47(3)°, β = 93.54(3)°, γ = 114.39(3)° and V = 5581.8(19) Å3, and orange crystals of 2 are monoclinic, space group P21/n, with a = 21.467(4) Å, b = 23.146(5) Å, c = 24.069(5) Å, β = 101.76(3)° and V = 11708(4) Å3. They are both constructed by MoV dimers ({Mo2O4(OP)4(HCOO)} in 1, {Mo2O4(OP)4(CH3COO)} and {Mo2O4(OP)4(H2O)2} in 2) and pyrophosphoric groups. Their structures can be described as two interconnected nonequivalent wheels which are approximately perpendicular, delimiting a large cavity. The larger wheel contains six MoV dimers, while the smaller one has four dimers.
Fixierung von CO2 durch Pyrazolylborat‐Zink‐Hydroxid‐Komplexe
Authors: Peter Andrea , Vahrenkamp Heinrich
Published: August 2005

Fixation of CO2 by Pyrazolylborate‐Zinc‐Hydroxide Complexes

The reversible uptake of CO2 by Tp*Zn‐OH complexes in alcoholic solutions with formation of Tp*Zn‐alkylcarbonate complexes was subjected to a comparative study. Its rate and the stability of its products depend on (1) the substituents in the 3‐positions of the pyrazolylborates (phenyl ≈ 3‐pyridyl ≫ t‐butyl), (2) the alcohol (CH3OH > C2H5OH). Traces of water seem to be essential for the formation of the Tp*Zn‐alkylcarbonates. In solution these are only stable in the presence of CO2. Two new alkylcarbonate complexes were obtained and characterized by structure determinations.
Solvothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of One‐Dimensional Chains of Anhydrous Zinc and Magnesium Formate
Authors: Viertelhaus Martin , Anson Christopher E. , Powell Annie K.
Published: August 2005

Reaction of the zinc or magnesium formate dihydrates in formic acid under solvothermal conditions results in the formation of single crystals of the anhydrous metal(II) formates β‐Zn(OOCH)2 and β‐Mg(OOCH)2. Both structures form one‐dimensional chains of μ‐oxygen‐bridged metal atoms. Single crystal diffraction studies reveal that β‐zinc formate represents the first structure in which chains of oxygen‐bridged metal atoms are connected by alternating single, double and triple oxygen atom bridges resulting in the first observation of corner, edge and face sharing coordination octahedra within a single chain. Polycrystalline material can be obtained by dehydration reaction of zinc formate dihydrate. β‐magnesium formate is the crystalline product that is obtained by annealing the amorphous intermediate phase after dehydration of magnesium formate dihydrate.
Reactive E=C(p‐p)π‐Systems. 55. [1] Ligand Properties of 1‐Trifluoromethyl‐2‐diethylamino‐2‐fluoro‐1‐arsaethene, F3CAs=C(F)NEt2
Authors: Albers Thomas , Grobe Joseph
Published: August 2005

Due to the mesomeric interaction of the nitrogen lone pair with the As=C double bond, the perfluoroarsapropene derivative F3CAs=C(F)NEt2 (1) is sufficiently stable to serve as a ligand in transition metal carbonyl complexes. 1 was coordinated to chromium by reaction with the photochemically generated labile complex Cr(CO)5(THF), yielding the monosubstituted pentacarbonyl derivative Cr(CO)5[F3CAs=C(F)NEt2] (2). Already at room temperature, this is slowly transformed into the binuclear complex [F3CAs=C(F)NEt2][Cr(CO)5]2 (3) by replacing 1 from a neighbouring molecule by the stronger donor 2. In a closed system 3 obviously exists in an equilibrium with 1 and 2. Both complexes are related to the previously studied derivatives of the 2‐dimethylamino‐perfluoro‐1‐phosphapropene ligand. The products were identified by spectroscopic (IR, NMR) investigations and comparison with the related phosphaalkene complexes.
Beiträge zur Kristallchemie und zum thermischen Verhalten von wasserfreien Phosphaten. XXXVI [1] Synthese, Kristallstruktur und spektroskopische Charakterisierung von Palladium(II)‐diphosphat Pd2P2O7
Authors: Panagiotidis K. , Glaum R. , Schmedt auf der Günne J. , Hoffbauer W. , Görzel H.
Published: August 2005

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Spectroscopical Characterization of Palladium(II)‐Diphosphate Pd2P2O7

Pd2P2O7 is synthesized by heating (Tmax = 500 °C) stoichiometric amounts of PdO and phosphoric acid. Using chemical vapour transport experiments (850 °C → 750 °C, addition of PdCl2) Pd2P2O7 was crystallized. Pd2P2O7 adopts its own structure type (C 2/c (No. 15), Z = 4, a = 13,151(2) Å, b = 5,172(1) Å, c = 8,139(1) Å, β = 97,52(1)°, 1160 independent reflections, 55 variables, R1 = 0,021 and wR2 = 0,050). Square‐planar [PdO4]‐units $({\bar d}\rm (Pd-O)=2,020 \AA)$ are linked by diphosphate‐groups generating a 3D framework. Within this framework ribbons $^{1}_{\infty}\rm[Pd(P_{2}O_{7})]^{2-}$ may be distinguished. Thus Pd2P2O7 might be described as palladium(II)‐[diphosphatopalladate(II)].

The results of various spectroscopic measurements (IR, Raman, UV/VIS, 31P‐MAS‐NMR) are reported and discussed within the context of the crystal structure.
Rietveld Analysis of a High Pressure Modification of Monocalcium Oxogallate (CaGa2O4)
Authors: Lazić Biljana , Kahlenberg Volker , Konzett Jürgen
Published: August 2005

A high‐pressure modification of monocalcium gallate (CaGa2O4) has been prepared in a piston‐cylinder apparatus at 700 °C and 4.0 GPa. The compound is orthorhombic (space group Pnam, a = 9.12476(15) Å, b = 10.56093(18) Å, c = 2.98547(4) Å, V = 287.70(1) Å3, Z = 4, Dcalc = 5.62 g/cm3) and belongs to the CaFe2O4‐type structure family. The structure was refined by the Rietveld method using laboratory X‐ray powder diffraction data. Two crystallographically independent GaO6‐octahedra forming edge‐sharing double chains can be distinguished. The shared edges exhibit a considerable shortening. The chains are running parallel to the c‐axis and are linked by corner‐sharing. They enclose tunnels in which the calcium atoms are located for charge compensation. Each calcium cation has eight nearest oxygen neighbors. The coordination environment can be described as a bicapped trigonal prism.
Layer and Cavity Structures of Manganese(II) Diphenate Coordination Polymers
Authors: Lian Fenyan , Wang Ruihu , Han Lei , Jiang Feilong , Hong Maochun
Published: August 2005

Two novel metal‐organic coordination polymers, [Mn2(dpa)2(4,4′‐bipy)2(H2O)2]n (1) and [Mn(Hdpa)2(bpe)(H2O)2]n (2) (H2dpa = diphenic acid, 4,4′‐bipy = 4,4′‐dipyridine, bpe = 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethene), have been hydrothermally synthesized. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses reveal the two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional structures for complexes 1 and 2, respectively. In 1, the dpa ligands link metal ions with different modes into one‐dimensional chains, and the 4,4′‐bipy terminally coordinate to the metal ions extending the chains into a layer. Whereas in 2, the flexible bpe ligands link the structure motifs into chains, and the hydrogen bonding interactions between the chains lead to the formation of cavity structure.
Crystal Structures, Dimorphism and Lithium Mobility of Li7MO6 (M = Bi, Ru, Os)
Authors: Mühle Claus , Karpov Andrey , Verhoeven Aswin , Jansen Martin
Published: August 2005

Li7MO6 (M = Bi, Ru, Os) have been synthesized by solid state reaction of Li2O with Bi2O3, or MO2 (M = Ru, Os) and characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, magnetic susceptibility (for M = Ru, Os), ionic conductivity and 6Li solid state NMR (for M = Bi) measurements. All three compounds exhibit a temperature induced triclinic – rhombohedral phase transition. Structures of the new low temperature triclinic phases have been refined by the Rietveld method from powder X‐ray data using atomic parameters of Li7TaO6 as a starting model (Li7BiO6: triclinic, $P{\bar 1}$, a = 5.5071(1), b = 6.0425(1), c = 5.5231(1) Å, α = 116.912(1), β = 120.867(1), γ = 62.234(1)°, V = 133.96(1) Å3, Z = 1, T = 230 K; Li7RuO6: triclinic, $P{\bar 1}$, a = 5.3654(1), b = 5.8584(1), c = 5.3496(1) Å, α = 117.182(1), β = 119.117(1), γ = 62.632(1)°, V = 124.43(1) Å3, Z = 1, T = 295 K; Li7OsO6: triclinic, $P{\bar 1}$, a = 5.3786(1), b = 5.8725(1), c = 5.3591(1) Å, α = 117.193(1), β = 119.277(1), γ = 62.700(1)°, V = 125.15(1) Å3, Z = 1, T = 295 K). Upon cooling, Li7RuO6 and Li7OsO6 undergo a magnetic transition at 12 and 13 K, respectively, from the paramagnetic to the antiferromagnetic state. The higher ionic conductivity of Li7BiO6 at T < 300 °C, as compared to Li7RuO6 and Li7OsO6, can be ascribed to the undergoing of the triclinic – rhombohedral transition at a much lower temperature. At T > 300 °C, the ionic conductivity of all three compounds increases sharply due to the melting of the lithium sublattice; for Li7RuO6 and Li7OsO6 the latter effect is superimposed by the phase transitions to the rhombohedral modifications.
Anhydrous CuC4O4, a Channel Structure solved from X–ray Powder Diffraction Data
Authors: Dinnebier Robert E. , Nuss Hanne , Jansen Martin
Published: August 2005

The crystal structure of the new anhydrous metal squarate CuC4O4 was solved from laboratory X–ray powder diffraction data. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group I2/a (no. 15) with the lattice parameters a = 5.6747(1), b = 8.9394(4), c = 9.4987(4) Å und β = 94.372(2)° at ambient conditions (Z = 4, RF2 = 8.24 %). The crystal structure can be reduced to a defect variant of the AlB2 type of structure ([C4O4][Cu □] ⇔︁ [Al][B2]) and shows channels parallel to the a axis with a free diameter of about 2.3Å. The squarate dianion, [C4O4]2−, is acting as a μ6–ligand, in this case.
Chemischer Transport fester Lösungen. 23 [1] Der Chemische Transport von Mischphasen im System MoS2/MoSe2, MoS2/NbS2, MoSe2/NbSe2 und NbS2/NbSe2
Authors: Hotje U. , Binnewies M.
Published: August 2005

Chemical Vapor Transport of Solid Solutions. 23 Chemical Vapor Transport of Mixed Phases in the System MoS2/MoSe2, MoS2/NbS2, MoSe2/NbSe2 and NbS2/NbSe2

X‐ray powder investigations have shown that MoS2/MoSe2, MoS2/NbS2, MoSe2/NbSe2 and NbS2/NbSe2 form mixed crystals without a miscibility gap. The mixed crystals can be prepared by heating the Elements for some days in the presence of small amounts of iodine as well as by chemical vapour transport. In the systems NbS2/NbSe2 and MoS2/MoSe2 the vapor transport occurs congruently, in the systems NbS2/MoS2 and NbSe2/MoSe2 however a strong enrichment of Niobium has been observed during the transport process. Mass spectrometric investigations and thermochemical calculations have shown that the transport occurs via NbI4(g) and MoI3(g).
Chemischer Transport fester Lösungen. 22 [1] Beschreibung des Chemischen Transports im System ZnS/ZnSe
Authors: Hotje U. , Rose C. , Binnewies M.
Published: August 2005

Studies on the Chemical Vapor Transport in the System ZnS/ZnSe

By means of chemical transport reactions homogeneous ionic mixed crystals with well defined compositions can be prepared in a simple way. This is shown at the example of ZnS/ZnSe‐mixed crystals. ZnS1−xSex‐mixed crystals can be prepared by chemical vapour transport in the temperature gradient 1000 → 900 °C using iodine as transport agent. A thermodynamic model is presented to calculate the thermodynamic stability of ionic mixed phases and possible enrichment effects during the vapor transport. The results are compared with experimental fundings and well known transport models.
Two Hydrogen‐bonded Supramolecular Frameworks of the 4,4′‐Diazido‐2,2′‐stilbene Disulfonate Anion
Authors: Wang Yanqin , Cao Rong , Bi Wenhua , Li Xing , Li Xiaoju , Wang Yuling
Published: August 2005

Two novel supramolecular frameworks, [Co(en)3](dasb)(ClO4)·H2O (1) and [Ni(en)2(H2O)2](dasb) (2), constructed by 4,4′‐diazido‐2,2′‐stilbenedisulfonate anion (dasb)2− through weak interactions, have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. As expected, in the two structures sulfonate groups of the anion form strong hydrogen bonds with the coordinated en and water molecules as H‐bond acceptor and the components were connected by the hydrogen bonds into 3D networks.
A New Complex of Europium(II) with edta – Structure and Spectroscopy
Authors: Janicki Rafał , Mondry Anna , Starynowicz Przemysław
Published: August 2005

A new complex of europium(II) with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was obtained by electrochemical reduction. The compound is composed of polymeric $\rm [Eu(edta)]_{\infty}^{\phantom{\infty}2\infty-}$ chains, guanidinium cations and water molecules. The Eu2+ cation is eight‐coordinate (two nitrogen atoms and six carboxylate oxygen atoms), and contrary to europium(III) complexes with edta, does not contain water molecules in the first coordination sphere. Relationships between the coordination mode and IR as well as UV–Vis spectra are discussed.
Reactive E=C(p‐p)π‐Systems. 56 [1] Attempted Preparation of PhE=C(CF3)2 by Reactions of Hexafluoroacetone with PhE(SiMe3)2 (E = As, P)
Authors: Albers Thomas , Grobe Joseph
Published: August 2005

The chance to prepare sterically and inductively stabilized arsa‐ and phosphaalkenes of the type PhE=C(CF3)2 (E = As, P) by reacting phenyl‐bis(trimethylsilyl)‐arsane (1) and ‐phosphane (5), respectively, with hexafluoroacetone (HFA) was investigated. The insertion of the carbonyl function in one of the Si–E bonds was found to occur at temperatures between −78 and 20 °C. The elimination of hexamethyldisiloxane, which in case of acylamides and ketones spontaneously follows the insertion and in case of RE(SiMe3)–CR′2(OSiMe3) at least can be initiated by solid sodium hydroxide as catalyst, turned out to be impossible for the primary products PhE(SiMe3)–C(CF3)2‐OSiMe3 [E = As (2), P (6)]. 2 and 6 were characterized by analytical (C, H) and spectroscopic methods (IR, NMR, MS).
Condensation Reaction of Dimethyltin(IV) Oxide with 2‐(2,3‐Dichloroanilino)benzoic Acid Synthesis and Study of a Novel Dimeric Tetraorganodistannoxane
Authors: Kovala‐Demertzi Dimitra , Dokorou Vaso , Kruszynski Rafal , Wiecek Joanna , Bartczak Tadeusz J. , Demertzis Mavroudis A.
Published: August 2005

The novel symmetric dimeric tetraorganodistannoxane [(Me2Sn)4(DCPA)2)O2(OH)2] (2) and [(Me2Sn)4(DCPA)2)O2(OC2H5)2] (3) where HDCPA is 2‐(2,3‐dichloroanilino)benzoic acid (1) have been prepared. The crystal structure of 3 has been determined by X‐ray crystallography. Three distannoxane rings are present to the centrosymmetric dimeric tetraorganodistannoxane by virtue of μ3‐oxo form the central R4Sn2O2 core with a planar Sn2O2 ring, resulting in a ladder type structural motif. Five‐coordinated tin atoms are present in the distannoxane dimer. The ligands act as monodentate agents, thus rendering the tin atom five‐coordinated. Significant π → π stacking interactions and intramolecular hydrogen bonds stabilize the structure 3. The polar imino hydrogen atom participates in intramolecular hydrogen bonds.

The formation of the dimeric distannoxanes 2 and 3 represent a ladder‐type carboxylates in which the insertion of a μ2‐OH or a μ2‐OC2H5 group occurs. This unusual result can be interpreted in terms of a competition between the strength different donors, in which the –OH or the –OC2H5 groups show higher donor capacity than the carboxylato group of DCPA.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure Determination and Fe/Rh Site Preference in the New Ternary Boride FeRh6B3
Authors: Fokwa Boniface P. T. , Dronskowski Richard
Published: August 2005

Single crystals of FeRh6B3 were synthesized by arc‐melting the elements in a water‐cooled copper crucible under an argon atmosphere. The new silver‐like compound, structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis, crystallizes in the hexagonal Th7Fe3 structure type (space group P63mc, no. 186, Z = 2; a = 7.4135(6) Å, c = 4.7168(6) Å, R1 = 0.040, wR2 = 0.083 for all 376 reflections and 21 parameters). The structure consists of layers of boron‐centered trigonal prisms of rhodium/iron atoms and one‐dimensional strings of face‐sharing octahedral Rh6 clusters.
Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal Structure of the Dimeric Silver(I) Complex containing 4‐Amino‐5‐methyl‐2H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3(4H)‐thione
Authors: Sharafi Tahereh , Heravi Majid M. , Ghassemzadeh Mitra , Neumüller Bernhard
Published: August 2005

The reaction of 4‐amino‐5‐methyl‐2H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3(4H)‐thione (AMTT, 1) with AgNO3 and triphenylphosphane in a molar ratio 1:1:2 in ethanol led to the dimeric complex {[Ag(AMTT)(PPh3)2]NO3}2·4EtOH (2). 2 was characterized by elemental analyses, IR, 31P NMR spectroscopy as well as single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Crystal data for 2 at −80 °C: space group ${\rm P}{\bar 1}$ with a = 1265.5(2), b = 1300.9(2), c = 1509.5(2) pm, α = 83.77(2)°, β = 79.22(2)°, γ = 62.89(2)°, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0330.
Die Schichtstruktur von Cyamelurchlorid C6N7Cl3
Authors: Tragl Sonja , Meyer H.‐Jürgen
Published: August 2005

The Layer Structure of Cyameluric Chloride C6N7Cl3

A solid state reaction of cyanuric chloride (trichloro‐s‐triazine C3N3Cl3) with sodium dicyanamide (NaN(CN)2) yielded some yellow, plate‐like crystals of cyameluric chloride (trichloro‐s‐heptazine C6N7Cl3). The crystal structure was determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction at 220 K and was solved in the monoclinic space group C 2/c (no. 15) with Z = 24, a = 2319.4(4) pm, b = 1348.8(1) pm, c = 2063.4(3) pm, β = 118.38(2)° and V = 5.680(1) nm3. In the structure, the molecules of C6N7Cl3 are forming layers parallel to the ab‐plane, which are separated from each other by a gap of approximately 300 pm. In each of these layers, the molecules seem to be arranged around pseudo‐threefold axes, showing an almost trigonal structure pattern.
Metallkomplexe mit biologisch wichtigen Liganden. CLVII [1] Halbsandwich‐Komplexe mit Isocyanoacetylaminosäureestern und Isocyanoacetyldi‐ und tripeptidestern („Isocyano‐Peptide”︁)
Authors: Lang Markus A. , Beck Wolfgang
Published: August 2005

Metal Complexes of Biologically Important Ligands, CLVII [1] Halfsandwich Complexes of Isocyanoacetylamino acid esters and of Isocyanoacetyldi‐ and tripeptide esters („Isocyanopeptides”︁)

N‐Isocyanoacetyl‐amino acid esters CNCH2C(O) NHCH(R)CO2CH3 (R = CH3, CH(CH3)2, CH2CH(CH3)2, CH2C6H5) and N‐isocyanoacetyl‐di‐ and tripeptide esters CNCH2C(O)NHCH(R1)C(O)NHCH(R2)CO2C2H5 and CNCH2C(O)NHCH(R1)C(O)NHCH (R2)C(O)NHCH(R3)CO2CH3 (R1 = R2 = R3 = CH2C6H5, R2 = H, CH2C6H5) are available by condensation of potassium isocyanoacetate with amino acid esters or peptide esters. These isocyanides form with chloro‐bridged complexes [(arene)M(Cl)(μ‐Cl)]2 (arene = Cp*, p‐cymene, M = Ir, Rh, Ru) in the presence of Ag[BF4] or Ag[CF3SO3] the cationic halfsandwich complexes [(arene)M(isocyanide)3]+X− (X = BF4, CF3SO3).
Synthesis and Characterization of Three Homoleptic Bismuth Silanolates: [Bi(OSiR3)3] (R = Me, Et, iPr)
Authors: Paalasmaa Sanna , Mansfeld Dirk , Schürmann Markus , Mehring Michael
Published: August 2005

The bismuth tris(triorganosilanolates) [Bi(OSiR3)3] (1, R = Me; 2, R = Et; 3, R = iPr) were prepared by reaction of R3SiOH with [Bi(OtBu)3]. Compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group $P{\bar 1}$ with Z = 2 and the lattice constants a = 10.323(1) Å, b = 13.805(1) Å, c = 21.096(1) Å and α = 91.871(4)°, β = 94.639(3)°, γ = 110.802(3)°. In the solid state compound 1 is a trimer as result of weak intermolecular bismuth‐oxygen interactions with Bi–O distances in the range 2.686(6)–3.227(3) Å. The coordination at the bismuth atoms Bi(1) and Bi(3) is best described as 3 + 2 coordination whereas Bi(2) shows a 3 + 3 coordination. The intramolecular Bi–O distances fall in the range 2.041(3)–2.119(3) Å. Compound 3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbcm with Z = 4 and the lattice constants a = 7.201(1) Å, b = 23.367(5) Å and c = 20.893(1) Å, whereas the triethylsilyl‐derivative 2 is liquid. In contrast to [Bi(OSiMe3)3] (1) compound 3 is monomeric in the solid state, but shows similar intramolecular Bi–O distances in the range 1.998(2)–2.065(5) Å. The bismuth silanolates are highly soluble in common organic solvents and strongly moisture sensitive. Compound 1 shows the lowest thermal stability.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Spectrothermal Analysis of mer–Triaquanicotinamide‐orotato Cobalt(II) Trihydrate
Authors: Yeşilel Okan Zafer , Tezcan Fatma , Ölmez Halis , Paşaog;ablu Hümeyra , Büyükgüngör Orhan
Published: August 2005

The mixed–ligand orotato (HOr)2− complex of cobalt(II) with nicotinamide (NA) [Co(HOr)(H2O)3(NA)]·3H2O was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, conductivity, spectral methods (UV–Vis and FT–IR), simultaneous TG, DTG, DTA techniques and X–ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group P–1 with unit cell parameters a = 9.320(5), b = 9.493(5), c = 10.381(5) Å, α = 77.003(5), β = 78.852(5), γ = 80.987(5)° and Z = 2. The crystal structure has indicated that the complex has been slightly distorted octahedral geometry and is chelated by the deprotonated N(3) pyrimidine ring and by the carboxylate oxygen atom of the orotate ligand. One nicotinamide molecule is also coordinated to the metal ion by the N atom of the pyridine ring. The crystal structure consists of discrete monomeric units of the complex, which are bridged via hydrogen bonding.
The Polycationic Main Group Element Clusters (As3S5)+ and (As3Se4)+ – Syntheses from Chloroaluminate Melts, Crystal Structures, and Vibrational Spectra
Authors: Beck Johannes , Schlüter Stefan , Zotov Nicolay
Published: August 2005

The reaction of arsenic, arsenic trichloride and AlCl3 with sulfur or selenium, respectively, in closed glass ampoules at 80 °C leads to melts from which on slow cooling to 50 °C (As3S5)[AlCl4] and (As3Se4)[AlCl4] can be obtained in the form of yellow and red crystals. The crystal structures ((As3S5)[AlCl4]: monoclinic, P21/m, a = 640.48(4), b = 977.54(7), c = 1146.39(8) pm, β = 104.003(3)°; (As3Se4)[AlCl4]: monoclinic, C2/c,a = 2080.57(2), b = 1251.41(1), c = 1367.68(1) pm, β = 127.969(1)°) consist of nearly regular tetrahedral [AlCl4]− ions and of arsenic‐chalcogen polycations. The structures of the cations can be derived from As3E tetrahedra (E = S, Se) with three edges bridged by Se atoms for (As3Se4)+ and with four edges bridged by S atoms for the CS symmetric (As3S5)+. In both structures the ions are arranged in the motif of the CsCl structure type. Infrared und Raman spectra of both compounds show the vibration modes of both kinds of ions in the region 50 – 500 cm−1. Symmetry analysis and normal mode calculations of the vibrational spectra of (As3Se4)[AlCl4] confirm the presence of the (As3Se4) clusters and the [AlCl4] groups.
Strukturen von polaren Bariumorganylen: Synthese und Struktur von Pyridinund Kronenether‐Addukten des Bis(indenyl)bariums
Authors: Fichtel Kai , Behrens Ulrich
Published: August 2005

Structures of Polar Barium Organyls: Synthesis and Structure of Pyridine and Crown Ether Adducts of Bis(indenyl)barium

The synthesis and structure of five Bis(indenyl)barium complexes is reported. Bis(indenyl)barium (2) was synthesized from barium bis(hexamethyldisilazide) and indene, a pyridine complex (3) by crystallizing 2 from pyridine (X‐ray structure determined). Crown ether complexes (5 ‐ 8) of Bis(indenyl)barium were synthesized by reacting 2 with the crown ethers 18‐crown‐6, benzo‐18‐crown‐6, dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 und benzo‐15‐crown‐5. From pyridine as solvent the following five compounds could be obtained in single crystals: [Ba(C9H7)(18‐crown‐6)(pyridine)]+[C9H7]−·pyridine ‐(5a), [Ba{C9H6(CH2CH2O)5C6H4O}]2·4pyridine (6a), [Ba(C9H7)(dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6)(pyridine)]+[C9H7]−·0.5dibenzo‐18crown‐6·0.65pyridine (7a), and [Ba(benzo‐crown‐5)2]2+ [Ba(C9H7)3(pyridine)]−2 (8a). The structures of 5a, 6a, 7a, and 8a could be determined by X‐ray diffraction. The complexes 5a and 7a have a salt‐like structure with a complex [Ba(C9H7)(18‐crown‐6)(pyridine)]+‐cation and a free indenide anion; complex 6a is a complicated dimeric indenylidene‐phenolato‐barium complex, compound 8a has a sandwich‐like [Ba(Benzo‐15‐Krone‐5)2]2+cation and a barate anion [Ba(C9H7)3(pyridine)]−.
Über Oxotantalate der Lanthanide des Formeltyps MTaO4 (M = La – Nd, Sm – Lu)
Authors: Hartenbach Ingo , Lissner Falk , Nikelski Tanja , Meier Steffen F. , Müller‐Bunz Helge , Schleid Thomas
Published: August 2005

About Lanthanide Oxotantalates with the Formula MTaO4 (M = La – Nd, Sm – Lu)

Besides being a by‐product of solid state syntheses in tantalum ampoules the lanthanide(III) oxotantalates of the formula MTaO4 can be easily prepared by sintering lanthanide sesquioxide M2O3 and tantalum(V) oxide Ta2O5 with sodium chloride as flux. Under these conditions two structure types emerge depending upon the M3+ cationic radius. For M = La – Pr the MTaO4‐type tantalates crystallize in the space group P21/c with lattice constants of a = 762(±1), b = 553(±4), c = 777(±4) pm, β = 101(±1)° and four formula units per unit cell. With M = Nd, Sm – Lu, the monoclinic cell dimensions (space group P2/c) shrink to the lattice constants like a = 516(±9), b = 551(±9), c = 534(±9) pm, β = 96.5(±0.3)° and there are only two formula units present. Both structures show a coordination sphere of eight oxygen atoms for the lanthanide trications shaped as distorted square antiprism for the structure with the larger lanthanides (in the following referred to as A‐type) and as trigonal dodecahedron for the structure with the smaller ones (called as B‐type in the following). The coordination environment about the Ta5+ cations can be described as a slightly distorted octahedron (CN = 6) for the A‐type structure of MTaO4 and a heavily distorted one (CN = 6) for the B‐type. The difference between the two types results from the interconnection of these [TaO6]7− octahedra. Whereas they are connected via four vertices to form corrugated layers according to $^{2}_{\infty}\rm[TaO^{v}_{4/2}O^{t}_{2/2}]^{3-}$ parallel the bc‐plane in the A‐type, the octahedra of the B‐type MTaO4 structure share edges to built up zig‐zag chains $^{1}_{\infty}\rm[TaO^{e}_{4/2}O^{t}_{2/2}]^{3-}$ along the c axis.
Synthesis and Structural Analysis of ϵ‐Fe2O3
Authors: Kelm Klemens , Mader Werner
Published: August 2005

Powder material of ϵ‐Fe2O3 was obtained by thermal decomposition of the clay mineral nontronite and subsequent isolation of the ferric oxide by leaching the silicate phases. Additionally, crystals of ϵ‐Fe2O3 were grown as precipitates by internal oxidation of a Pd96Fe4 alloy. Analysis of the precipitate crystals by electron diffraction yields an orthorhombic crystal system and space group Pna21 ab initio. X‐ray diffraction data of the powder containing small amounts of Al substituting Fe were refined by the Rietveld method. The refinement yields lattice parameters a = 507.15 pm, b = 873.59 pm and c = 941.78 pm, and atom positions. ϵ‐Fe2O3 is isostructural with κ‐Al2O3, AlFeO3, and GaFeO3 having an anion stacking sequence /ABAC/, and 1/4 of the cations in tetrahedral co‐ordination. Some strongly distorted FeO6 octahedrons with one large Fe‐O distance, which may be considered as a 5+1 co‐ordination, appear to be characteristic for ϵ‐Fe2O3. The structure shows elements known from silicates and oxyhydroxides of iron, respectively.
Prospectively Randomized Trial Using Perioperative Low‐dose Octreotide to Prevent Organ‐related and General Complications after Pancreatic Surgery and Pancreatico‐jejunostomy
Authors: Hesse Uwe J. , De Decker Christophe , Houtmeyers Philippe , Demetter Pieter , Ceelen Wim , Pattyn Piet , Troisi Roberto , de Hemptinne Bernard
Published: August 2005

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of low‐dose perioperative octreotide on the prevention of complications (pancreatic fistula and general complications) in patients undergoing pancreatic surgery followed by pancreaticojejunostomy. A total of 105 patients were randomized to receive either octreotide 0.1 mg subcutaneously 3 times/day for a total of 7 days or no octreotide. The primary endpoints were the occurence of a pancreatic fistula and or general complications, including extended length of hospital stay. There were 25 surgical draining procedures performed and 80 duodenopancreatectomies with or without preservation of the pylorus. In all, 25 (23.8%) of the patients were treated for chronic pancreatitis, 8 (7.6%) for benign tumoral disease, and 72 (68.6%) for carcinoma. All patients underwent pancreaticojejunostomy.
One‐stage Liver Resection for Spontaneous Rupture of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Hai Liu , Yong‐Hong Peng , Yong Fu , Ren‐Feng Li
Published: August 2005

The objective of this study was to evaluate the rationale of a policy of one‐stage liver resection for selective cases of spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Altogether, 36 patients with spontaneous rupture of an HCC admitted between November 1994 and September 2003 underwent a one‐stage laparotomy with a view to curative liver resection; 33 cases underwent liver resection successfully, and 3 cases were found to have lesions unresectable at laparotomy and were treated with other hemostatic procedures. The prognostic value was calculated by Kaplan‐Meier survival curve analysis. Effective surgical hemostasis was achieved in all patients, with a postoperative mortality rate of 5.8% (2/36). The estimated survivals at 1, 3, and 5 years for patients who underwent liver resection were 88%, 54%, and 51%, respectively. These results suggest that a one‐stage surgical operation offers a feasible, effective treatment for patients with ruptured HCC in whom the tumor is judged likely to be resectable on the computed tomography scan and who have a liver function grade of A or B according to Child‐Pugh criteria.
Outcome and Survival of Patients Aged 65 Years and Younger after Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupture
Authors: Tambyraja Andrew L. , Murie John A. , Chalmers Roderick T.A.
Published: August 2005

Advanced age (> 80 years) confers a survival disadvantage after operative repair of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This study aimed to determine if young age (≤65 years) confers a survival benefit. Consecutive patients undergoing attempted repair of a ruptured AAA between 1995 and 2001 were included in the study. Demographic, clinical, and operative factors were analyzed together with in‐hospital mortality, duration of postoperative hospital stay, and long‐term survival. Of 378 patients admitted with a ruptured AAA, 52 (14%) were ≤ 65 years of age and 326 (86%) were > 65 years. There were 4 (8%) women in the younger cohort compared to 74 (23%) women in the older group (p = 0.015). Four (8%) patients in the younger group were thought to be unsuitable for surgical repair compared to 77 (24%) patients in the older cohort (p = 0.009). Of the 48 younger patients who underwent attempted operative repair, 22 (46%) died in hospital, compared to 108 (43%) of 249 patients > 65 years (p = 0.753). The median (range) postoperative hospital stay of survivors was 11 days (6–59 days) in the younger cohort and 15 days (6–121 days) in the older group (p = 0.005). Patients ≤ 65 years of age undergoing operative repair of ruptured AAA have no survival advantage over older patients. These data support AAA screening for the “at risk” and age‐defined population.
Prostatic Capsule‐ and Nerve‐sparing Cystectomy in Organ‐confined Bladder Cancer: Preliminary Results
Authors: Martis Gianni , D’Elia Gianluca , Diana Massimo , Ombres Maurizio , Mastrangeli Bruno
Published: August 2005

We present a novel radical cystectomy technique that allows bladder cancer control while maintaining urinary continence and reducing the risk of erectile dysfunction by sparing the prostatic capsule and the neurovascular bundles. Between September 1997 and December 2002, 85 men were candidates for cystectomy; 32 were selected for a prostatic capsule‐ and seminal‐sparing cystectomy with orthotopic urinary diversion. All patients had clinical organ‐confined bladder cancer (cT1 to cT3a). One patient died of unrelated causes. Of the remaining 31 patients, two with pT4, N+ disease underwent three cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy and are free of disease at 10 and 12 months postoperatively. Twenty‐nine patients with organ‐confined bladder cancer are free of disease after a mean follow‐up of 32 months. At 24 months, 98% of the patients are completely continent during the day and 83% during the nighttime hours. In addition, 80% of the patients are able to complete sexual intercourse without auxiliary measures at a mean of 24 months postoperatively. Prostatic capsule‐ and nerve‐sparing cystectomy permits en bloc removal of the bladder, of the adenomatous prostatic tissue, and of the seminal vesicles, thereby achieving local cancer control and preserving erectile function and urinary continence.
Measuring Surgical Quality: What’s the Role of Provider Volume?
Authors: Dimick Justin B. , Birkmeyer John D. , Upchurch Gilbert R.
Published: August 2005

Although not ideal for all situations, provider volume is particularly suited for measuring surgical quality in certain contexts. Specifically, we believe that for uncommon operations with a strong volumes–outcome effect, provider volume may be the most informative performance measure. Because of the relative ease of determining provider volume, it will continue to be used in value‐based purchasing and public reporting efforts. With increasing momentum from outside the profession of surgery, it is particularly important for surgeons to participate in making decisions regarding situations where volume may be an appropriate measure of quality.
Foundations of Vectorial Metabolism and Osmochemistry
Authors: Mitchell Peter D.
Published: August 2005

Chemical transformations, like osmotic translocations, are transport processes when looked at in detail. In chemiosmotic systems, the pathways of specific ligand conduction are spatially orientated through osmoenzymes and porters in which the actions of chemical group, electron and solute transfer occur as vectorial (or higher tensorial order) diffusion processes down gradients of total potential energy that represent real spatially directed fields of force. Thus, it has been possible to describe classical bag-of-enzymes biochemistry as well as membrane biochemistry in terms of transport. But it would not have been possible to explain biological transport in terms of classical transformational biochemistry or chemistry. The recognition of this conceptual asymmetry in favour of transport has seemed to be upsetting to some biochemists and chemists; and they have resisted the shift towards thinking primarily in terms of the vectorial forces and co-linear displacements of ligands in place of their much less informative scalar products that correspond to the conventional scalar energies. Nevertheless, considerable progress has been made in establishing vectorial metabolism and osmochemistry as acceptable biochemical disciplines embracing transport and metabolism, and bioenergetics has been fundamentally transformed as a result.
The Identification of the Sodium Pump
Authors: Skou Jens Chr.
Published: August 2005

The identification of the sodium potassium pump as a Na+, K+-ATPase is described.
Discovery of Some of the Biological Effects of Nitric Oxide and its Role in Cell Signaling
Authors: Murad Ferid
Published: August 2005

The role of nitric oxide in cellular signaling in the past 22 years has become one of the most rapidly growing areas in biology with more than 20,000 publications to date. Nitric oxide is a gas and free radical with an unshared electron that can regulate an ever-growing list of biological processes. In many instances nitric oxide mediates its biological effects by activating guanylyl cyclase and increasing cyclic GMP synthesis from GTP. However, the list of effects of nitric oxide that are independent of cyclic GMP is also growing at a rapid rate. For example, nitric oxide can interact with transition metals such as iron, thiol groups, other free radicals, oxygen, superoxide anion, unsaturated fatty acids and other molecules. Some of these reactions result in the oxidation of nitric oxide to nitrite and nitrate to terminate its effect, while other reactions can lead to altered protein structure, function, and/or catalytic capacity. These diverse effects of nitric oxide that are either cyclic GMP dependent or independent can alter and regulate important physiological and biochemical events in cell regulation and function. Nitric oxide can function as an intracellular messenger, an autacoid, a paracrine substance, a neurotransmitter, or as a hormone that can be carried to distant sites for effects. Thus, it is a unique simple molecule with an array of signaling functions. However, as with any messenger molecule, there can be too little or too much of the substance and pathological events result. Some of the methods to regulate either nitric oxide formation, metabolism, or function have been in clinical use for more than a century as with the use of organic nitrates and nitroglycerin in angina pectoris that was initiated in the 1870's. Current and future research with nitric oxide and cyclic GMP will undoubtedly expand the clinicians' therapeutic armamentarium to manage a number of important diseases by perturbing nitric oxide and cyclic GMP formation and metabolism. Such promise and expectations have obviously fueled the interests in these signaling molecules for a growing list of potential therapeutic applications.
Brief report: An examination of the relationships between parental monitoring, self‐esteem and delinquency among Mexican American male adolescents
Authors: Caldwell Roslyn M. , Beutler Larry E. , An Ross Sylvia , Clayton Silver N.
Published: August 2005

The present study examined relationships between parental monitoring (mother and father), self‐esteem, and delinquency among 95 adjudicated Mexican American male adolescents who were on probationary status with the juvenile justice system. Consistent with previous literature pertaining to familial processes and delinquency among the general adolescent population, findings from the current study revealed that parental monitoring was negatively associated with delinquency. In addition, self‐esteem was shown to be positively correlated with delinquency. These results highlight the generalizability of previous research related to familial, emotional, and behavioral processes among Mexican American male adolescents.