bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UHF front‐end feeding RFID‐based body sensor networks by exploiting the reader signal
Authors: Pasca M. , Colella R. , Catarinucci L. , Tarricone L. , D'Amico S. , Baschirotto A.
Published: April 2016

This paper presents an integrated, high‐sensitivity UHF radio frequency identification (RFID) power management circuit for body sensor network applications. The circuit consists of a two‐stage RF‐DC Dickson's rectifier followed by an integrated five‐stage DC‐DC Pelliconi's charge pump driven by an ultralow start‐up voltage LC oscillator. The DC‐DC charge pump interposed between the RF‐DC rectifier and the output load provides the RF to load isolation avoiding losses due to the diodes reverse saturation current. The RF‐DC rectifier has been realized on FR4 substrate, while the charge pump and the oscillator have been realized in 180 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Outdoor measurements demonstrate the ability of the power management circuit to provide 400 mV output voltage at 14 m distance from the UHF reader, in correspondence of −25 dBm input signal power. As demonstrated in the literature, such output voltage level is suitable to supply body sensor network nodes.
Understanding Occupation, Sick Leave, and Disability Pension Due to Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis From a Sex Perspective
Authors: Hubertsson Jenny , Turkiewicz Aleksandra , Petersson Ingemar F. , Englund Martin
Published: April 2016

Objective

To investigate the association between occupation and risk for sick leave or disability pension due to knee or hip osteoarthritis (OA) from a sex perspective.

Methods

We conducted a population‐based study including residents ages 40–70 years in the Skåne region, Sweden (2007) and working in the included job sectors (n = 165,179). We retrieved data on cause‐specific sick leave and disability pension (2007–2012) and linked to individual information on occupation and education (2007). Occupations were classified into job sectors. We calculated sex‐specific, age‐adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of sick leave and disability pension due to OA in traditionally female‐dominated job sectors (health care, child care, and cleaning) and traditionally male‐dominated job sectors (construction, farming, metal work, or transportation) compared to business and administration.

Results

Of all eligible subjects, 2,445 had sick leave or disability pension due to knee or hip OA. Adjusted for age, the risk of sick leave due to knee OA was increased for women working in health care, with an OR of 3.3 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.6–4.2), child care OR 2.9 (95% CI 2.2–3.8), and cleaning OR 3.0 (95% CI 2.2–4.1), as was the risk for disability pension. The risk was increased also for persons working in occupations with higher educational requirements. The risk was similarly increased in male‐dominated sectors. In female‐dominated job sectors the risk of sick leave and disability pension due to knee OA, but not hip OA, was higher than that for other musculoskeletal diseases.

Conclusion

Traditionally female‐dominated occupational sectors are associated with an increased risk of sick leave and disability pension due to knee OA.
Use of Rituximab in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Single Center Experience Over 14 Years
Authors: Aguiar R. , Araújo C. , Martins‐Coelho G. , Isenberg D.
Published: April 2016

Objective

To describe the clinical outcome and safety of rituximab (RTX) treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with severe manifestations or whose disease is refractory to standard immunosuppressive therapy, treated at a single center.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of all patients with SLE treated with RTX at 1 center between June 2000 and December 2013. The clinical outcome was assessed by determining British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) scores and anti–double‐stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA) and C3 levels before and 6 months after RTX treatment. For safety analysis, adverse events and deaths were recorded.

Results

Of a total of 115 patients, 93.9% were female, the mean ± SD age at diagnosis was 26.39 ± 11.90 years, and the mean ± SD disease duration at first RTX treatment was 91.96 ± 84.80 months. A BILAG score variation of −11.26 ± 11.38 (P < 0.001) was recorded 6 months after the first RTX treatment; 40% of patients had a complete response and 27% had a partial response; in 36.5% of patients, C3 levels increased more than 25%, and in 33.5% anti‐dsDNA levels decreased more than 50%. Depletion of CD19+ cells was achieved in 94.0% of patients. Hypogammaglobulinemia was detected in 14.9% of patients, with significant reduction for IgM (P < 0.001) and IgG (P = 0.001) levels. Severe infections, infusion‐related reactions, and hypersensitivity reactions occurred in 7%, 3.5%, and 2.6% of patients, respectively. Of the 115 patients, 62 patients had repeated RTX treatments, with an average number of 1.95 ± 1.17 cycles per patient and a mean ± SD interval between infusions of 21.44 ± 20.11 months. At the end of followup, 11 patients were deceased; 6 had cardiovascular events.

Conclusion

RTX treatment was effective in decreasing disease activity, with a low incidence of adverse effects.
Altered Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Novel Imaging Approach
Authors: Gulati Gaurav , Jones Jordan T. , Lee Gregory , Altaye Mekibib , Beebe Dean W. , Meyers‐Eaton Jamie , Wiley Kasha , Brunner Hermine I. , DiFrancesco Mark W.
Published: April 2016

Objective

To evaluate a safe, noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method to measure regional blood–brain barrier integrity and investigate its relationship with neurocognitive function and regional gray matter volume in juvenile‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

In this cross‐sectional, case–control study, capillary permeability was measured as a marker of blood–brain barrier integrity in juvenile SLE patients and matched healthy controls, using a combination of arterial spin labeling and diffusion‐weighted brain MRI. Regional gray matter volume was measured by voxel‐based morphometry. Correlation analysis was done to investigate the relationship between regional capillary permeability and regional gray matter volume. Formal neurocognitive testing was completed (measuring attention, visuoconstructional ability, working memory, and psychomotor speed), and scores were regressed against regional blood–brain barrier integrity among juvenile SLE patients.

Results

Formal cognitive testing confirmed normal cognitive ability in all juvenile SLE subjects (n = 11) included in the analysis. Regional capillary permeability was negatively associated (P = 0.026) with neurocognitive performance concerning psychomotor speed in the juvenile SLE cohort. Compared with controls (n = 11), juvenile SLE patients had significantly greater capillary permeability involving Brodmann's areas 19, 28, 36, and 37 and caudate structures (P < 0.05 for all).

Conclusion

There is imaging evidence of increased regional capillary permeability in juvenile SLE patients with normal cognitive performance using a novel noninvasive MRI technique. These blood–brain barrier outcomes appear consistent with functional neuronal network alterations and gray matter volume loss previously observed in juvenile SLE patients with overt neurocognitive deficits, supporting the notion that blood–brain barrier integrity loss precedes the loss of cognitive ability in juvenile SLE. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the findings of this pilot study.
Risk of Cardiovascular Morbidity in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis: A Meta‐Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Polachek Ari , Touma Zahi , Anderson Melanie , Eder Lihi
Published: April 2016

Objective

To assess the magnitude of risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) compared with the general population through a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies.

Methods

We searched the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases, as well as abstracts archives from rheumatology conferences. Observational studies that included a PsA diagnosis, cardiovascular or cerebrovascular outcomes, and a comparison group of individuals without psoriasis and rheumatic diseases and were case–control, cross‐sectional, or cohort studies, were assessed by 2 researchers. We calculated weighted pooled summary estimates of the maximally adjusted effect size estimates for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases using the random‐effects model, and tested for heterogeneity using the I2 statistic.

Results

Eleven studies, comprising 32,973 patients with PsA, met the inclusion criteria. There was a 43% increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients with PsA compared with the general population (pooled odds ratio [OR] 1.43 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.24–1.66]). The risk of incident cardiovascular events was increased by 55% (pooled OR 1.22–1.96). Morbidity risks for myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular diseases, and heart failure were increased by 68%, 22%, and 31%, respectively (pooled OR 1.68 [95% CI 1.31–2.15], pooled OR 1.22 [95% CI 1.05–1.41], and pooled OR 1.31 [95% CI 1.11–1.55], respectively). We identified significant heterogeneity in all main analyses (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity are increased by 43% and 22%, respectively, in patients with PsA compared with the general population.
Designing Multicolored Photonic Micropatterns through the Regioselective Thermal Compression of Inverse Opals
Authors: Lee Joon‐Seok , Je Kwanghwi , Kim Shin‐Hyun
Published: April 2016

Colloidal assemblies develop pronounced structural colors due to the selective diffraction of light. Micropatterns with multiple structural colors are appealing for the use in a variety of photonic applications. Here, a lithographic approach is reported, which provides a high level of control over the size, shape, and color of a micropattern using the anisotropic shrinkage of inverse opals made of a negative photoresist heated to high temperatures. Shrinkage occurs uniformly across the thickness of the film, leading to a blueshift in the structural color while maintaining a high reflectivity across the full visible spectrum. The rate of shrinkage is determined by the annealing temperature and the photoresist crosslinking density. The rate can, therefore, be spatially modulated by applying UV radiation through a photomask to create multicolor micropatterns from single‐colored inverse opals. The lateral dimensions of the micropattern features can be as small as the thickness of the inverse opal.
Organic Photodiodes: The Future of Full Color Detection and Image Sensing
Authors: Jansen‐van Vuuren Ross D. , Armin Ardalan , Pandey Ajay K. , Burn Paul L. , Meredith Paul
Published: April 2016

Major growth in the image sensor market is largely as a result of the expansion of digital imaging into cameras, whether stand‐alone or integrated within smart cellular phones or automotive vehicles. Applications in biomedicine, education, environmental monitoring, optical communications, pharmaceutics and machine vision are also driving the development of imaging technologies. Organic photodiodes (OPDs) are now being investigated for existing imaging technologies, as their properties make them interesting candidates for these applications. OPDs offer cheaper processing methods, devices that are light, flexible and compatible with large (or small) areas, and the ability to tune the photophysical and optoelectronic properties − both at a material and device level. Although the concept of OPDs has been around for some time, it is only relatively recently that significant progress has been made, with their performance now reaching the point that they are beginning to rival their inorganic counterparts in a number of performance criteria including the linear dynamic range, detectivity, and color selectivity. This review covers the progress made in the OPD field, describing their development as well as the challenges and opportunities.
Novel inexpensive transition metal phosphide catalysts for upgrading of pyrolysis oil via hydrodeoxygenation
Authors: Guo Cheng , Tirumala Venkateswara Rao Kasanneni , Reyhanitash Ehsan , Yuan Zhongshun , Rohani Sohrab , Xu Chunbao (Charles) , He Sophia (Quan)
Published: April 2016

Supported molybdenum/molybdenum‐phosphides as inexpensive catalysts for bio‐oil hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) were in‐house prepared using different support materials, i.e., Al2O3, activated carbon (AC), MgAl2O4, and Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16. The HDO activity of these catalysts were investigated using a 100 mL bench‐scale reactor operating at 300°C with an initial hydrogen pressure of 50 bar for 3 h with a pyrolysis oil (PO). The catalytic efficiencies for bio‐oil HDO for the catalysts were compared with the expensive but commercially available Ru/C catalyst. Addition of small amount of P to the Mo catalysts supported on either AC and Al2O3 led to increased degree of deoxygenation (DOD) and oil yield compared with those without P. MoP supported on AC (MoP/AC) demonstrated bio‐oil HDO activity comparable to the Ru/C catalyst. Furthermore, three AC‐supported metal phosphides for PO HDO were compared under the same conditions, and they were found to follow the order of NiP/AC > CoP/AC > MoP/AC. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 3664–3672, 2016
Thinking Like a Chemist: Intuition in Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Zeier Wolfgang G. , Zevalkink Alex , Gibbs Zachary M. , Hautier Geoffroy , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Snyder G. Jeffrey
Published: April 2016

The coupled transport properties required to create an efficient thermoelectric material necessitates a thorough understanding of the relationship between the chemistry and physics in a solid. We approach thermoelectric material design using the chemical intuition provided by molecular orbital diagrams, tight binding theory, and a classic understanding of bond strength. Concepts such as electronegativity, band width, orbital overlap, bond energy, and bond length are used to explain trends in electronic properties such as the magnitude and temperature dependence of band gap, carrier effective mass, and band degeneracy and convergence. The lattice thermal conductivity is discussed in relation to the crystal structure and bond strength, with emphasis on the importance of bond length. We provide an overview of how symmetry and bonding strength affect electron and phonon transport in solids, and how altering these properties may be used in strategies to improve thermoelectric performance.
Value of Formalin Fixation for the Prolonged Preservation of Rodent Myocardial Microanatomical Organization: Evidence by MR Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Authors: Giannakidis Archontis , Gullberg Grant T. , Pennell Dudley J. , Firmin David N.
Published: April 2016

Previous ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies on formalin‐fixed myocardial tissue assumed that, after some initial changes in the first 48 hr since the start of fixation, DTI parameters remain stable over time. Prolonged preservation of cardiac tissue in formalin prior to imaging has been seen many times in the DTI literature as it is considered orderly. Our objective is to define the effects of the prolonged cardiac tissue exposure to formalin on tissue microanatomical organization, as this is assessed by DTI parameters. DTI experiments were conducted on eight excised rodent hearts that were fixed by immersion in formalin. The samples were randomly divided into two equinumerous groups corresponding to shorter (∼2 weeks) and more prolonged (∼6–8 weeks) durations of tissue exposure to formalin prior to imaging. We found that when the duration of cardiac tissue exposure to formalin before imaging increased, water diffusion became less restricted, helix angle (HA) histograms flattened out and exhibited heavier tails (even though the classic HA transmural variation was preserved), and a significant loss of inter‐voxel primary diffusion orientation integrity was introduced. The prolonged preservation of cardiac tissue in formalin profoundly affected its microstructural organization, as this was assessed by DTI parameters. The accurate interpretation of diffusivity profiles necessitates awareness of the pitfalls of prolonged cardiac tissue exposure duration to formalin. The acquired knowledge works to the advantage of a proper experimental design of DTI studies of fixed hearts. Anat Rec, 299:878–887, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brief Report: Whole‐Exome Sequencing for Identification of Potential Causal Variants for Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Mak Angel C. Y. , Tang Paul L. F. , Cleveland Clare , Smith Melanie H. , Kari Connolly M. , Katsumoto Tamiko R. , Wolters Paul J. , Kwok Pui‐Yan , Criswell Lindsey A.
Published: April 2016

Objective

Scleroderma is a genetically complex autoimmune disease with substantial phenotypic heterogeneity. Previous genome‐wide association studies have identified common genetic variants associated with disease risk, but these studies are not designed to capture rare or potential causal variants. Our goal was to identify rare as well as common genetic variants in patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) through whole‐exome sequencing (WES) in order to identify potential causal variants.

Methods

We generated WES data for 32 dcSSc patients with or without interstitial lung disease (ILD) and for 17 healthy “in‐house” controls. Variants were annotated and filtered by quality, minor allele frequency, and deleterious effects on gene function. We applied a gene burden test to identify novel dcSSc and dcSSc‐associated ILD candidate genes that were enriched with deleterious variants in cases compared to in‐house controls as well as controls from the 1000 Genomes Project (n = 130).

Results

We identified 70 genes that were enriched with deleterious variants in dcSSc patients. Two of them (BANK1 and TERT) were in pathways previously implicated in SSc or ILD pathogenesis or known susceptibility loci. Newly identified genes (COL4A3, COL4A4, COL5A2, COL13A1, and COL22A1) were significantly enriched in the extracellular matrix–related pathway, which is relevant to the fibrotic features of dcSSc, and in the DNA repair pathway (XRCC4).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the value of WES for the identification of novel gene variants and pathways that may contribute to scleroderma risk and/or severity. The candidate genes we discovered are potential targets for in‐depth functional studies.
MicroRNA‐130b Ameliorates Murine Lupus Nephritis Through Targeting the Type I Interferon Pathway on Renal Mesangial Cells
Authors: Han Xiao , Wang Yan , Zhang Xiaoyan , Qin Yuting , Qu Bo , Wu Lingling , Ma Jianyang , Zhou Zhenyuan , Qian Jie , Dai Min , Tang Yuanjia , Chan Edward K. L. , Harley John B. , Zhou Shiyu , Shen Nan
Published: April 2016

Objective

Type I interferon (IFN) is a critical pathogenic factor during the progression of lupus nephritis (LN). Although microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to control the IFN response in immune cells in LN, the role of miRNAs in resident renal cells remains unclear. We undertook this study to investigate the role of microRNA‐130b (miR‐130b) in the IFN pathway in renal cells as well as its therapeutic effect in LN.

Methods

Kidney tissues from patients and (NZB × NZW)F1 lupus‐prone mice were collected for detecting miR‐130b levels. Primary renal mesangial cells (RMCs) were used to determine the role of miR‐130b in the IFN pathway. We overexpressed miR‐130b by administering miR‐130b agomir in a mouse model of IFNα‐accelerated LN to test its therapeutic efficacy.

Results

Down‐regulated miR‐130b expression was observed in kidney tissues from patients and lupus‐prone mice. Further analysis showed that underexpression of miR‐130b correlated negatively with abnormal activation of the IFN response in LN patients. In vitro, overexpressing miR‐130b suppressed signaling downstream from the type I IFN pathway in RMCs by targeting IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF‐1). The opposite effect was observed when endogenous miR‐130b expression was inhibited. The inverse correlation between IRF1 and miR‐130b levels was detected in renal biopsy samples from LN patients. More importantly, in vivo administration of miR‐130b agomir reduced IFNα‐accelerated progression of LN, with decreased proteinuria, lower levels of immune complex deposition, and lack of glomerular lesions.

Conclusion

MicroRNA‐130b is a novel negative regulator of the type I IFN pathway in renal cells. Overexpression of miR‐130b in vivo ameliorates IFNα‐accelerated LN, providing potential novel strategies for therapeutic intervention in LN.
Brief Report: IRF4 Newly Identified as a Common Susceptibility Locus for Systemic Sclerosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Cross‐Disease Meta‐Analysis of Genome‐Wide Association Studies
Authors: López‐Isac Elena , Martín Jose‐Ezequiel , Assassi Shervin , Simeón Carmen P. , Carreira Patricia , Ortego‐Centeno Norberto , Freire Mayka , Beltrán Emma , Narváez Javier , Alegre‐Sancho Juan J. ,   the Spanish Scleroderma Group, Fernández‐Gutiérrez Benjamín , Balsa Alejandro , Ortiz Ana M. , González‐Gay Miguel A. , Beretta Lorenzo , Santaniello Alessandro , Bellocchi Chiara , Lunardi Claudio , Moroncini Gianluca , Gabrielli Armando , Witte Torsten , Hunzelmann Nicolas , Distler Jörg H. W. , Riekemasten Gabriella , van der Helm‐van Mil Annette H. , de Vries‐Bouwstra Jeska , Magro‐Checa Cesar , Voskuyl Alexandre E. , Vonk Madelon C. , Molberg Øyvind , Merriman Tony , Hesselstrand Roger , Nordin Annika , Padyukov Leonid , Herrick Ariane , Eyre Steve , Koeleman Bobby P. C. , Denton Christopher P. , Fonseca Carmen , Radstake Timothy R. D. J. , Worthington Jane , Mayes Maureen D. , Martín Javier
Published: April 2016

Objective

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are autoimmune diseases that have similar clinical and immunologic characteristics. To date, several shared SSc–RA genetic loci have been identified independently. The aim of the current study was to systematically search for new common SSc–RA loci through an interdisease meta–genome‐wide association (meta‐GWAS) strategy.

Methods

The study was designed as a meta‐analysis combining GWAS data sets of patients with SSc and patients with RA, using a strategy that allowed identification of loci with both same‐direction and opposite‐direction allelic effects. The top single‐nucleotide polymorphisms were followed up in independent SSc and RA case–control cohorts. This allowed an increase in the sample size to a total of 8,830 patients with SSc, 16,870 patients with RA, and 43,393 healthy controls.

Results

This cross‐disease meta‐analysis of the GWAS data sets identified several loci with nominal association signals (P < 5 × 10−6) that also showed evidence of association in the disease‐specific GWAS scans. These loci included several genomic regions not previously reported as shared loci, as well as several risk factors that were previously found to be associated with both diseases. Follow‐up analyses of the putatively new SSc–RA loci identified IRF4 as a shared risk factor for these 2 diseases (Pcombined = 3.29 × 10−12). Analysis of the biologic relevance of the known SSc–RA shared loci identified the type I interferon and interleukin‐12 signaling pathways as the main common etiologic factors.

Conclusion

This study identified a novel shared locus, IRF4, for the risk of SSc and RA, and highlighted the usefulness of a cross‐disease GWAS meta‐analysis strategy in the identification of common risk loci.
Interleukin‐23–Dependent γ/δ T Cells Produce Interleukin‐17 and Accumulate in the Enthesis, Aortic Valve, and Ciliary Body in Mice
Authors: Reinhardt Annika , Yevsa Tetyana , Worbs Tim , Lienenklaus Stefan , Sandrock Inga , Oberdörfer Linda , Korn Thomas , Weiss Siegfried , Förster Reinhold , Prinz Immo
Published: April 2016

Objective

The spondyloarthritides (SpA) are a group of rheumatic diseases characterized by ossification and inflammation of entheseal tissue, the region where tendon attaches to bone. Interleukin‐23 (IL‐23) is involved in the pathogenesis of SpA by acting on IL‐23 receptor (IL‐23R) expressed on enthesis‐resident lymphocytes. Upon IL‐23 binding, CD3+CD4−CD8− tissue‐resident lymphocytes secrete IL‐17A and IL‐22, leading to inflammation, bone loss, and ossification. Knowledge about enthesis‐resident lymphocytes remains fragmentary, and the contribution of entheseal γ/δ T cells in particular is not clear. This study was undertaken to investigate the presence of γ/δ T cells in the enthesis.

Methods

We used 2‐photon microscopy and flow cytometry to analyze entheseal lymphocytes from C57BL/6, Tcrd‐H2BeGFP, Rorc‐GFP, and IL‐23R‐eGFP mice. To analyze entheseal γ/δ T cells in IL‐23−induced inflammation, Tcrd‐H2BeGFP mice were crossed with mice of the susceptible B10.RIII background. Hydrodynamic injection of IL‐23 minicircle DNA was performed for overexpression of IL‐23 and induction of inflammation. Light‐sheet fluorescence microscopy was used to visualize arthritic inflammation.

Results

Activated Vγ6+CD27− γ/δ T cells were abundant in uninflamed entheseal tissue and constituted the large majority of retinoic acid receptor−related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt)+IL‐23R+ enthesis‐resident lymphocytes. Fetal thymus−dependent γ/δ T cells were the main source of IL‐17A at the enthesis. Under inflammatory conditions, γ/δ T cells increased in number at the Achilles tendon enthesis, aortic root, and adjacent to the ciliary body.

Conclusion

Entheseal γ/δ T cells are derived from fetal thymus and are maintained as self‐renewing tissue‐resident cells. As main IL‐17A producers within tissues exposed to mechanical stress including enthesis, γ/δ T cells are key players in the pathogenesis of IL‐23−induced local inflammation.
Prion‐like Aggregation of Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling Protein in Lupus Patients Is Associated With Increased Levels of Type I Interferon
Authors: Shao Wen‐Hai , Shu Daniel H. , Zhen Yuxuan , Hilliard Brendan , Priest Stephen O. , Cesaroni Matteo , Ting Jenny P.‐Y. , Cohen Philip L.
Published: April 2016

Objective

Increased levels of type I interferon (IFN) and type I IFN–regulated genes are found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and may be central to its pathogenesis. Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) is a key regulator of type I IFN that undergoes a dramatic prion‐like aggregation and self propagates the activation signal from viral RNA to amplify downstream IFN production. We undertook this study to determine whether such MAVS aggregates might play a role in the sustained increased production of type I IFN in SLE.

Methods

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and mitochondrial extracts were prepared. MAVS aggregation was detected by semidenatured agarose gel electrophoresis and confirmed by immunofluorescence staining. MAVS‐associated signaling proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. MAVS aggregation–associated gene expression signature was analyzed by microarray.

Results

In blood cells from 22 of 67 SLE patients, essentially all MAVS was in a high molecular weight aggregated form. None of 6 rheumatoid arthritis patients and only 3 of 33 healthy controls had abnormal MAVS. Compared to MAVS aggregate–negative patients, MAVS aggregate–positive SLE patients had significantly higher serum levels of IFNβ and significantly increased levels of autoantibodies against Sm and U1 RNP. Gene array data revealed a characteristic gene expression pattern in these patients, with altered expression of genes involved in IFN signaling and membrane trafficking.

Conclusion

Persistent MAVS aggregates may lead to increased type I IFN production and result in unmitigated signals leading to autoimmunity.
Enhanced esterification activity through interfacial activation and cross‐linked immobilization mechanism of Rhizopus oryzae lipase in a nonaqueous medium
Authors: Kartal Funda
Published: April 2016

Interfacial activation via surfactant (Tween 80, Triton X‐100) treatment was conducted to improve the esterification activity of Rhizopus oryzae lipase that had undergone immobilization through cross‐linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA®) technique. Surfactant pretreated immobilized enzymes exhibited better esterification activity compared to free and non‐pretreated immobilized enzyme (Control CLEAs) since higher conversion rates were obtained within shorter times. The superiority of surfactant pretreated CLEAs, especially Tween 80 pretreated CLEAs (T 80 PT CLEAs), were clearly pronounced when longer alcohols were used as substrates. Conversion values exceeded 90% for octyl octanoate, oleyl octanoate and oleyl oleate synthesis with T 80 PT CLEAs whereas Control CLEAs and free enzyme showed no activity. Maximum conversions were achieved in the case equal molars of the substrates or in the case excess of the alcohol to acid in cyclohexane. In solvent free medium containing equal molars of substrates the conversion rates were 85% and 87% with T 80 PT CLEAs respectively for octyl octanoate and oleyl oleate within 2 hours. T 80 PT CLEAs showed 59% of its original activity after 7 consecutive usage for oleyl oleate synthesis. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:899–904, 2016
Statistical analysis of data from limiting dilution cloning to assess monoclonality in generating manufacturing cell lines
Authors: Quiroz Jorge , Tsao Yung‐Shyeng
Published: April 2016

Assurance of monoclonality of recombinant cell lines is a critical issue to gain regulatory approval in biological license application (BLA). Some of the requirements of regulatory agencies are the use of proper documentations and appropriate statistical analysis to demonstrate monoclonality. In some cases, one round may be sufficient to demonstrate monoclonality. In this article, we propose the use of confidence intervals for assessing monoclonality for limiting dilution cloning in the generation of recombinant manufacturing cell lines based on a single round. The use of confidence intervals instead of point estimates allow practitioners to account for the uncertainty present in the data when assessing whether an estimated level of monoclonality is consistent with regulatory requirements. In other cases, one round may not be sufficient and two consecutive rounds are required to assess monoclonality. When two consecutive subclonings are required, we improved the present methodology by reducing the infinite series proposed by Coller and Coller (Hybridoma 1983;2:91–96) to a simpler series. The proposed simpler series provides more accurate and reliable results. It also reduces the level of computation and can be easily implemented in any spreadsheet program like Microsoft Excel. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1061–1068, 2016
Detecting cell lysis using viscosity monitoring in E. coli fermentation to prevent product loss
Authors: Newton Joseph M. , Schofield Desmond , Vlahopoulou Joanna , Zhou Yuhong
Published: April 2016

Monitoring the physical or chemical properties of cell broths to infer cell status is often challenging due to the complex nature of the broth. Key factors indicative of cell status include cell density, cell viability, product leakage, and DNA release to the fermentation broth. The rapid and accurate prediction of cell status for hosts with intracellular protein products can minimise product loss due to leakage at the onset of cell lysis in fermentation. This article reports the rheological examination of an industrially relevant E. coli fermentation producing antibody fragments (Fab'). Viscosity monitoring showed an increase in viscosity during the exponential phase in relation to the cell density increase, a relatively flat profile in the stationary phase, followed by a rapid increase which correlated well with product loss, DNA release and loss of cell viability. This phenomenon was observed over several fermentations that a 25% increase in broth viscosity (using induction‐point viscosity as a reference) indicated 10% product loss. Our results suggest that viscosity can accurately detect cell lysis and product leakage in postinduction cell cultures, and can identify cell lysis earlier than several other common fermentation monitoring techniques. This work demonstrates the utility of rapidly monitoring the physical properties of fermentation broths, and that viscosity monitoring has the potential to be a tool for process development to determine the optimal harvest time and minimise product loss. © 2016 The Authors. Biotechnology Progress published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 32:1069–1076, 2016
Late clinical outcomes for SeQuent please paclitaxel‐coated balloons in PCI of instent restenosis and de novo lesions: A single‐center, real world registry
Authors: Hee Leia , Terluk Andrew , Thomas Liza , Hopkins Andrew , Juergens Craig P. , Lo Sidney , French John K. , Mussap Christian J.
Published: April 2016

Objectives

The aims of this study were to evaluate clinical outcomes following PCI using SeQuent Please paclitaxel‐coated balloons (PCB) of ISR and denovo lesions (DNL), in all‐comer patients at Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia.

Background

There have been promising results for PCI using drug‐coated balloons; however, long‐term data for clinical outcomes are lacking.

Methods

Baseline patient demographics, PCI procedural details, and clinical outcomes were collected. The primary endpoint was the incidence of MACE, a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), and clinical‐driven target lesion restenosis (TLR). The median follow‐up for clinical events was 1.3 [0.6–1.9] years.

Results

A total of 188 lesions (n = 147 patients) were treated with PCB, comprising 118 (63%) ISR lesions and 70 (38%) DNL. Patient mean age was 67 ± 11years, 79% were male, and 54% had type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). MACE was recorded in 17 patients (12%), with cardiac death confirmed in 1 patient (0.7%). MACE was significantly lower for DNL than ISR (1% vs. 15%, P = 0.03), and PCB had favourable TLR for DNL. Cox regression demonstrated that DM (HR 7.17, 0.92–55.6, P = 0.05) and prior CABG (HR 3.22, 1.17–8.83, P = 0.02) were independent predictors of MACE for ISR lesions.

Conclusions

MACE rates were acceptable, with overall low incidence of cardiac death, MI, and TLR, for PCB treatment of ISR and DNL. Independent predictors of poor outcome in the ISR group were DM and prior CABG. The particularly low MACE for the DNL group supports direct PCB as a viable stent‐sparing PCI strategy in challenging patients and lesion subsets. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: NEUE PHASEN DER FORMEL BI12(A(I)0.25B(V)0.75)O20 MIT SILLENIT‐STRUKTUR
Authors: DEVALETTE M. , MAZEAU C. , MEUNIER G. , HAGENMULLER P.
Published: April 2016

Durch Erhitzen von α‐Bi2O3 mit (NH4)2HPO4 bzw. (NH4)2HAsO4 und Li2CO3 (Na2CO3) in stöchiometrischen Mengen für 48 h auf 800°C unter O2 wurden die neuen Phasen Bi(III)12Li0‐25M(V)0..,5O20 und Bi(III)"Na0‐25M(V)0‐75020 (M(V): P, As, Bi) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: VAPOR PHASE EPITAXIAL GROWTH OF ZINC SILICON ARSENIDE (ZNSIAS2) ON GERMANIUM AND GALLIUM ARSENIDE SUBSTRATES
Authors: ANDREWS J. E. , STADELMAIER H. H. , LITTLEJOHN M. A. , COMAS J.
Published: April 2016

Bei sorgfältiger Wahl der Wachstumsbedingungen im CVD‐Reaktor lassen sich im Temp.‐ Bereich 650‐670 °C, ausgehend von Zn,AsH3 und SiH4 (H2 als Trägergas) aus der Gasphase einheitlich orientierte epitaktische Schichten des tetragonalen Halbleiters (0O1)‐ZnSiAs2 auf kubischen Ge‐ und GaAs‐Substraten in (100)‐Orientierung abscheiden.
ChemInform Abstract: MOESSBAUER SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF THE CHEMICAL STATE OF COBALT IN AN ELECTRODEPOSITED ZINC‐COBALT ALLOY
Authors: LEIDHEISER H. JUN. , VERTES A. , VARSANYI M. L.
Published: April 2016

In den Zn‐Co‐Cr‐Schichten (mit 0.01 ‐2% Co) auf elektrogalvanisiertem Cr‐ und Co‐haltigem Stahl, der wegen seiner großen Korrosionsbeständigkeit von Interesse ist, liegt das Co in Form isolierter Atome in der Zn‐Matrix vor.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY AND INTERPRETATION OF THE SODIUM MOLYBDATE‐URANIUM(VI) OXIDE DIAGRAM WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THE URANIUM(VI) OXIDE‐MOLYBDENUM(VI) OXIDE‐SODIUM OXIDE TERNARY SYSTEM
Authors: DION C. , NOEL A.
Published: April 2016

Eine Untersuchung der Linie Na2 MoO4‐UO3 im System UO3‐ MoO3‐Na2O bestätigt früher veröffentlichte Ergebnisse in bezug auf das Feld Na2U2O7 ‐Na,Mo2O‐, ‐Na2O und zeigt die Existenz der beiden inkongruent schmelzenden Phasen Na4U3Mo2O17 (I) (auf der Linie)und Na4U6 Mo1+xO23 +3x (0 x 0.33) (II) (außerhalb der Linie) auf.
ChemInform Abstract: PROOF OF THE ABSOLUTE CONFIGURATION OF (‐)‐(S)‐2‐HYDROXY‐β‐IONONE BY CORRELATION WITH URSOLIC ACID AND WITH (‐)‐TRANS‐VERBENOL
Authors: ESCHER S. , GIERSCH W. , OHLOFF G.
Published: April 2016

Ausgehend von dem bicyclischen (+)‐(S)‐Diketon (I) wird über 3 Intermediäre die Schlüsselverbindung (II) synthetisiert und nach Baeyer‐Villiger zu dem Lacton (III) oxidiert, das über den Diolester (IVa) in das Monoacetat (IVb) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: THE X‐RAY STRUCTURE OF A HETERONUCLEAR (PT, MN) COMPLEX OF 1‐METHYLTHYMINE AND ITS VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA
Authors: LIPPERT B. , SCHUBERT U.
Published: April 2016

Der Titelkomplex (I) wurde durch Zugabe von einem Äquiv.
ChemInform Abstract: REAKTIVITAET STABILER ROTAMERE. 5. MITT. UNTERSCHIEDLICHES VERHALTEN DER ROTAMERE VON 9‐(2‐BROMMETHYL‐6‐METHYLPHENYL)FLUOREN IN SUBSTITUTIONSREAKTIONEN
Authors: MURATA S. , KANNO S. , TANABE Y. , NAKAMURA M. , OKI M.
Published: April 2016

Bei Temperaturen, bei denen eine Umwandlung des syn‐peri‐Rotamers (I) in das anti‐peri‐ Rotamer (II) wegen der hohen Rotationsbarriere nicht eintritt, verläuft die SN2‐Reaktion von (I) mit 2‐Methyl‐pyridin bei 34°C in Aceton mit k = l.4°C 104 /min 34mal schneller als die sterisch gehinderte Substitution von (II).
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEXES OF 3,4‐DIHYDROXYPHENYL DERIVATIVES. IV. EQUILIBRIUM STUDIES ON SOME E TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES FORMED WITH ADRENALINE AND NORADRENALINE
Authors: GERGELY A. , KISS T. , DEAK G. , SOVAGO I.
Published: April 2016

Die Stö‐ chiometrie und die Stabilitätskonstanten einer Reihe von 1:1‐ und lz2‐Komplexen von Mn, Co, Ni, Cu und Zn mit L‐Adrenalin und Noradrenalin wurden pH‐metrisch bei 25°C bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: BASE CATALYZED REARRANGEMENTS INVOLVING YLIDE INTERMEDIATES. PART 11. REARRANGEMENTS OF 3‐PHENYLPROP‐2‐YNYLAMMONIUM YLIDES
Authors: MAGESWARAN S. , OLLIS W. D. , SOUTHAM D. A. , SUTHERLAND I. O. , THEBTARANONTH Y.
Published: April 2016

Das Propinylammoniumbromid (I) reagiert mit wäßrigem NaOH zu dem Allen (III) und dem neuen Ylid (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCYCLIZATION OF ARYL HALIDES. PART 2. THE UPPER EXCITED STATE REACTIVITY OF 3‐(2‐HALOGENOANILINO)‐1,3‐DIPHENYLPROP‐2‐ENONES; HYDROGEN‐BONDED CONFIGURATIONAL LOCK IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Authors: GRIMSHAW J. , PRASANNA DE SILVA A.
Published: April 2016

Unter UV‐Bestrahlung cyclisieren sich die Enone (I) in Cyclohexan zu den Produkten (II), die in Methanol in die Neutralverbindung (III) übergehen.
ChemInform Abstract: A STUDY ON THE TRANSITION STATE IN THE PHOTOOXYGENATIONS BY AROMATIC AMINE N‐OXIDES
Authors: OGAWA Y. , IWASAKI S. , OKUDA S.
Published: April 2016

Der Mechanismus der Sauerstoffübertragung aromatischer N‐Oxide wie (I) bei der Photooxidation von Olefinen wie (III) bzw. (VI) wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF SOLVATION ON REACTIONS OF NITROSOBENZENE WITH POTASSIUM TERT‐BUTOXIDE AND OTHER BASES
Authors: AURICH H. G. , DERSCH W. , HEINRICH J.‐M.
Published: April 2016

Nitrosobenzol (I) und K‐tert.‐butylat reagieren im polaren Lösungsmittel über das Ion (II), im aprotischen (Benzol) dagegen über die assoziierte Spezies (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: DEHYDROGENATION OF ALCOHOLS BY PYRIMIDO(4,5‐B)QUINOLINE‐2(3H),4(10H)‐DIONES (5‐DEAZAFLAVINS) AS AN AUTORECYCLING OXIDIZING AGENT
Authors: YONEDA F. , MORI K. , MATSUO S. , KADOKAWA Y. , SAKUMA Y.
Published: April 2016

Die Deazaflavine (I) sowie die mit ihnen verwandten Verbindungen (V) bis (VII) oxidieren Benzylalkohol (II) in alkalischem Medium zum Aldehyd (IV) unter Bildung der entsprechenden Dihydro‐ Verbindungen, wie z.B. (III).
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC REACTIONS. X. ASYMMETRIC HYDROGENATION CATALYZED BY BIS(DIMETHYLGLYOXIMATO)COBALT(II)‐CHIRAL COCATALYST (AMINO ALCOHOL) SYSTEM
Authors: OHGO Y. , TAKEUCHI S. , NATORI Y. , YOSHIMURA J.
Published: April 2016

Die katalytische Hydrierung der verschiedenen Ketocarbonylverbindungen (I) unter Verwendung des Co‐Titelkomplexes und Chinin als chiralen Cokatalysator wird in Benzol untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC HYDROGENATION CATALYZED BY THE (ACHIRAL BASE)BIS(DIMETHYLGLYOXIMATO)COBALT(II)‐CHIRAL COCATALYST SYSTEM. THE PREPARATION OF A NEW TYPE OF CHIRAL COCATALYST AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE ASYMMETRIC HYDROGENATION OF METHYL α‐ACETAMIDOACRYLATE)ACRYLATE AND BENZIL
Authors: TAKEUCHI S. , OHGO Y.
Published: April 2016

Die tertiären Amine (I)‐(III) verschiedener Konfiguration mit Alkylcarbamoylgruppen am o4‐ bzw. β‐Kohlenstoff werden nach bekannter Methode durch Kondensation entsprechender N‐Benzyloxycarbonylderivate von Aminosäuren mit den entsprechenden Aminen und anschließende reduktive Methylierung dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SELECTIVE REDUCTION OF AROMATIC NITRO COMPOUNDS WITH SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE‐STANNOUS CHLORIDE
Authors: SATOH T. , MITSUO N. , NISHIKI M. , INOUE Y. , OOI Y.
Published: April 2016

Die Nitrobenzole (I) und (III) werden zu den Anilinen (II) bzw. (IV) reduziert.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSPECIFIC AND STEREOSELECTIVE REACTIONS. V. ALKYLATION OF ACTIVE METHYLENE COMPOUNDS BY THE USE OF ALCOHOLS, DIETHYL AZODICARBOXYLATE, AND TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE
Authors: KURIHARA T. , SUGIZAKI M. , KIME I. , WADA M. , MITSUNOBU O.
Published: April 2016

Das sich bei der Reaktion von Diethylazodicarboxylat mit Triphenylphosphin bildende Reagenz (III) reagiert mit Alkoholen (I) und Ethylcyanacetat (II) in 30‐80% Ausb. zu Alkylierungsprodukten.
ChemInform Abstract: ALKYLATION OF THIOUREAS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS BY USE OF ALCOHOLS, DIETHYL AZODICARBOXYLATE, AND TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE
Authors: NAGASAWA H. , MITSUNOBU O.
Published: April 2016

N‐Benzoylthioharnstoffe (I), die durch Reaktion von Benzoylisothiocyanat mit Aminen dargestellt wurden, reagieren mit den Alkoholen (II) in Gegenwart von Diethylazodicarboxylat (III) und PPh3 (IV) zu den entsprechenden S‐alkylierten Produkten (V), die 1H‐NMR‐spektroskopisch charakterisiert wurden.
ChemInform Abstract: LEWIS ACID ALKYLATION OF KETONES USING SN1‐REACTIVE ACETATES
Authors: REETZ M. T. , HUETTENHAIN S. + , HUEBNER F. +
Published: April 2016

Durch Umsetzung der Enolsilylether (II), (IV), (VI), (IX) und (XII) mit den SN 1‐aktiven Acetaten (I), (VIII) und (XI) entstehen durch α‐Alkylierung regiospezifisch die Ketone (III), (V), (VII), (X) und (XIII).
ChemInform Abstract: PALLADIUM‐ASSISTED N‐ALKYLATION OF INDOLES: ATTEMPTED APPLICATION TO POLYCYCLIZATION
Authors: HEGEDUS L. S. , WINTON P. M. , VARAPRATH S.
Published: April 2016

1‐Lithio‐indol (I) (M = Li) reagiert in Gegenwart von Pd‐Komplexen mit (II) zu verschiedenen Reaktionsprodukten, die z.B. weiter zu den N‐substituierten Verbindungen (III) und (IV) hydriert werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: IRON(II) PHTHALOCYANINE‐CATALYZED BENZOYLATION OF SUBSTITUTED BENZENES
Authors: SEKIGUCHI T. , TANAKA M. , SUZUKI S. , HAMANO Y.
Published: April 2016

Substituierte Benzole (I) reagieren in Gegenwart eines Eisen(II)‐Phthalocyanin‐Katalysators mit Benzoylchlorid (II) unter Bildung von Benzophenonen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Ω‐BROMOALKAPOLYENYLMETHYL KETONES. II. USE OF 5‐BROMO‐3‐PENTEN‐2‐ONE ETHYLENE KETAL AS A C5‐SYNTHON
Authors: CAMPS J. , FONT J. , DE MARCH P.
Published: April 2016

Die Ketalisierung des 5‐Brom‐Derivats des Ketons (I) führt wegen dessen Instabilität zu schlechten Ergebnissen, so daß zur Darstellung von (IV) der Weg über (III) eingeschlagen wird.
ChemInform Abstract: RELATIVE MIGRATORY APTITUDES OF ALKYL GROUPS IN THE IODINATION OF LITHIUM ETHYNYLTRIALKYLBORATES
Authors: SLAYDEN S. W.
Published: April 2016

Borane (I) reagieren mit Lithiumacetylid zu den Addukten (III), die mit Iod bei niedriger Temperatur zu den Acetylenen (IV) und (V) gespalten werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF ANNULATED CYCLOBUTANONES BY SOLVOLYSIS OF TRANS‐2‐(1‐ALKYNYL)CYCLOALKYL 4‐DIMETHYLAMINOBENZENESULFONATES (DAMSYLATES)
Authors: SCHUMACHER W. , HANACK M.
Published: April 2016

Aus Cycloalken‐oxiden (I) und Lithiumacetyliden (II) werden trans‐2‐Alkinyl‐cycloalkanole (III) hergestellt, die nach Überführung in Dimethylaminobenzolsulfonate (IV) bei der Solvolyse vorwiegend anellierte Cyclobutanone (V) neben den Ketonen (VI) und den Alkoholen (III) ergeben.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF REACTIVE INTERMEDIATES FOR NATURAL CYCLOPENTANE DERIVATIVES FROM (‐)‐QUINIC ACID: PREPARATION OF 11α‐HYDROXY‐13‐OXAPROSTANOIC ACID
Authors: BARRIERE J.‐C. , CHIARONI A. , CLEOPHAX J. , GERO S. D. , RICHE C. , VUILHORGNE M.
Published: April 2016

Synthesis of Reactive Intermediates for Natural Cyclopentan Derivatives from (‐)‐Quinic Acid: Preparation of 1loz‐Hydroxy‐13‐oxaprostanoic Acid.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES AND REACTIONS OF PHENYLTHIO‐ AND PROPYLTHIOACETYLENIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: NAGASHIMA E. , SUSZUKI K. , SEKIYA M.
Published: April 2016

Die Dichlorvinylsulfide (I) werden mit 1,1 Moläquival.
ChemInform Abstract: WITTIG REACTIONS OF SULFONATED PHOSPHONIOMETHYLSTYRYL AROMATIC COMPOUNDS WITH AROMATIC AND HETEROAROMATIC ALDEHYDES
Authors: MAERKY M. +
Published: April 2016

Die Bis‐(triphenylphosphoniomethyl)‐ aryldichloride (III) ‐ zugänglich aus den Edukten (I) und den Phosphinen (II) ‐ werden mit den Formylarensulfonsäure‐Na‐Salzen (IV), (VI) bzw. (VIII) zu den Betainen (V), (VII) bzw. (IX) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE MONOMETHYL AND DIMETHYL DERIVATIVES OF BENZO(E)PYRENE
Authors: LEE H. , SHYAMASUNDAR N. , HARVEY R. G.
Published: April 2016

Bequeme Synthesen für die vollständige Reihe der bisher unbekannten sechs isomeren Monomethylbenzo[e]pyrene werden beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: SEARCH FOR NEWER SUBSTITUTED PHENOXYACETYLETHYLENIMINES AS POSSIBLE CNS, MAO AND ANTICONVULSANT AGENTS
Authors: SHUKLA J. S. , AHMAD I.
Published: April 2016

Durch Umsetzung der PhenoxyessigsäureChloride (I) mit Ethylenimin (II) werden die Amide (III) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: OXYGEN HETEROCYCLES BY SULFUR YLIDE ANNULATION: REACTION OF O‐HYDROXYBENZALKETONES WITH DIMETHYLOXOSULFONIUM METHYLIDE
Authors: BRAVO P. , TICOZZI C.
Published: April 2016

Die Umsetzung der o‐Hydroxybenzalketone (I) mit Dimethylsulfoxoniummethylid (II) führt in Abhängigkeit vom Substituenten R2 zu Produktgemischen, die chromatographisch getrennt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ACETYLENIC AND POLYACETYLENIC COMPOUNDS DERIVED FROM THIOPHENE, FURAN, AND P‐DIBROMOBENZENE USING 1,1‐DICHLORO‐2,2‐DIFLUOROETHENE
Authors: OKUHARA K.
Published: April 2016

Die aus Thiophen, Furan oder p‐Dibrombenzol dargestellten 2,2‐Dichlor‐1‐fluorethenyl‐Derivate (I) werden über die durch Dilithiierung und Umsetzung mit 1,1‐Difluor‐2,2‐dichlorethen gebildeten Intermediärprodukte (II) in einer Eintopfreaktion zu den Acetylen‐Derivaten (III), den Buteninyl‐Derivaten (IV) oder den silylierten Acetylen‐Derivaten (V) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: EXPERIMENTS ON THE SYNTHESIS OF TETRACYCLINE. PART 16. IMPROVED PHOTOCYCLIC PREPARATION OF 12‐KETO DERIVATIVES AND THEIR DEPROTECTION USING BENZENESELENINIC ANHYDRIDE
Authors: BARTON D. H. R. , BIELSKA M. T. , CARDOSO J. M. , CUSSANS N. J. , LEY S. V.
Published: April 2016

Die Aldehyde (I) bzw. (IX) liefern mit den Aminothiolen bzw; Dithiolen (II) die Thiazolidine bzw. Dithiolane wie (III), die in Gegenwart von Li[N(SiMe3)2 ] zu den Derivaten (IV) bzw. (X) photocyclisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW REAGENTS AND SYNTHESES. 9. N‐(CHLOROSULFINYL)IMIDAZOLE AS A NEW IMIDAZOLE E TRANSFER REAGENT
Authors: OGATA M. , MATSUMOTO H.
Published: April 2016

Es werden Umsetzungen des vorzugsweise in situ aus dem Thionyl‐bis‐imidazol (I) und Thionylchlorid (II) erhaltenen Chlorsulfinylimidazols (III) mit Carbonylverbindungen (IV) untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES RELATED TO β‐LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS. PART 7. FACILE FORMATION OF OXAZOLINOAZETIDINONES FROM BENZOTHIAZOLYLDITHIOAZETIDINONES AND RELATED REACTIONS
Authors: MAKI Y. , MITSUMORI N. , SAKO M. , SUZUKI M.
Published: April 2016

Das aus dem Penicillin‐G‐sulfoxidester (Ia) erhaltene Disulfid (IIIa) wird in die Azetidinone (IVa) und (V) übergeführt.