bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imidazolin‐2‐iminato Cerium(IV) Chlorides: Synthesis, Structure and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Wang Ning , Feng Bin , Cui Peng , Tamm Matthias , Chen Yaofeng
Published: November 2022

The ligand field greatly affects the redox properties of cerium. Herein, cerium(III) and cerium(IV) complexes supported by imidazolin‐2‐iminato ligands were synthesized and structurally characterized, and their electrochemical properties were investigated. Silylamine elimination of cerium(III) amide Ce{N(SiMe3)2}3 with imidazolin‐2‐imine ImRNH (R=Mes, tBu, iPr) provided imidazolin‐2‐iminato cerium(III) complexes, [(ImMesN)(ImMesNH)Ce{N(SiMe3)2}2] (1), [(ImtBuN)2(ImtBuNH)Ce{N(SiMe3)2}] (2) and [(ImiPrN)2(ImiPrNH)Ce(μ‐ImiPrN)]2 (4) in 71–85% yields. These cerium(III) complexes were successfully oxidized by Ph3CCl or C2Cl6 to afford imidazolin‐2‐iminato cerium(IV) chlorides, [(ImMesN)2Ce{N(SiMe3)2}Cl] (5), [(ImtBuN)3CeCl] (6) and [(ImiPrN)2Ce(μ‐ImiPrN)Cl]2 (7) in 70%–76% yields. All complexes were characterized by the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, which showed that 1, 2, 5 and 6 are monomers while 4 and 7 are dimers. The electrochemical studies indicated that the Ce(III/IV) couples for 5 and 6 are more negative than those of silylamido cerium(IV) complexes, and the Ce(III/IV) couples for 1 and 2 have a similar trend.
A review of highly sensitive electrochemical genosensors for microRNA detection: A novel diagnostic platform for neurodegenerative diseases diagnostics
Authors: Azimi Sanavi Mehrnoosh , Mahdavian Farzaneh , Dorosti Nafiseh , Karami Neda , Karami Sajedeh , Khatami Seyyed Hossein , Vakili Omid , Taheri‐Anganeh Mortaza , Karima Saeed , Movahedpour Ahmad
Published: November 2022

The significant role of microRNAs in regulating gene expression and in disease tracking has handed the possibility of robust and accurate diagnosis of various diseases. Measurement of these biomarkers has also had a significant impact on the preparation of natural samples. Discovery of miRNAs is a major challenge due to their small size in the real sample and their short length, which is generally measured by complex and expensive methods. Electrochemical nanobiosensors have made significant progress in this field. Due to the delicate nature of nerve tissue repair and the significance of rapid‐fire feature of neurodegenerative conditions, these biosensors can be reliably promising. This review presents advances in the field of neurodegenerative diseases diagnostics. At the same time, there are still numerous openings in this field that are a bright prospect for researchers in the rapid‐fire opinion of neurological diseases and indeed nerve tissue repair.
Low‐Temperature and High‐Areal‐Capacity Rechargeable Lithium Batteries enabled by π‐Conjugated Systems
Authors: Cheng Liwei , Sun Xinyu , Wang Gongkai , Chen Yuhua , Zhu Qiaonan , Hu Pengfei , Zhou Wei , Wang Hua
Published: November 2022

High mass loading and high areal capacity are essential for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density, but they usually suffer from the sluggish charge‐transfer kinetic of thick electrodes, especially at low temperature. Here, organic molecule perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) has been investigated as a feasible cathode for high areal capacity rechargeable LIBs operated at low temperature. Specifically, the charge storage process mainly occurs on the surface redox‐active groups of PTCDA, resulting in a fast kinetics of charge storage. Meanwhile, the delocalization of electrons in the π‐conjugated systems of PTCDA could enhance the electron transportation prominently. Consequently, the Li‐PTCDA battery with a high mass loading of 14.35 mg cm−2 delivers a high reversible areal capacity of 1.06 mAh cm−2 at −40 °C. This work demonstrates a great potential of π‐conjugated organic materials for low temperature and high‐areal‐capacity rechargeable LIBs.
Computational fluid dynamics simulation improves the design and characterization of a plug‐flow‐type scale‐down reactor for microbial cultivation processes
Authors: Mayer Florian , Cserjan‐Puschmann Monika , Haslinger Benedikt , Shpylovyi Anton , Sam Christian , Soos Miroslav , Hahn Rainer , Striedner Gerald
Published: November 2022

The scale‐up of bioprocesses remains one of the major obstacles in the biotechnology industry. Scale‐down bioreactors have been identified as valuable tools to investigate the heterogeneities observed in large‐scale tanks at the laboratory scale. Additionally, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations can be used to gain information about fluid flow in tanks used for production. Here, we present the rational design and comprehensive characterization of a scale‐down setup, in which a flexible and modular plug‐flow reactor was connected to a stirred‐tank bioreactor. With the help of CFD using the realizable k‐ε model, the mixing time difference between a 20 and 4000 L bioreactor was evaluated and used as scale‐down criterion. CFD simulations using a shear stress transport (SST) k‐ω turbulence model were used to characterize the plug‐flow reactor in more detail, and the model was verified using experiments. Additionally, the model was used to simulate conditions where experiments technically could not be performed due to sensor limitations. Nevertheless, verification is difficult in this case as well. This was the first time a scale‐down setup was tested on high‐cell‐density Escherichia coli cultivations to produce industrially relevant antigen‐binding fragments (Fab). Biomass yield was reduced by 11% and specific product yield was reduced by 20% during the scale‐down cultivations. Additionally, the intracellular Fab fraction was increased by using the setup. The flexibility of the introduced scale‐down setup in combination with CFD simulations makes it a valuable tool for investigating scale effects at the laboratory scale. More information about the large scale is still necessary to further refine the setup and to speed up bioprocess scale‐up in the future.
Advances in G‐quadruplexes‐based fluorescent imaging
Authors: Han Jiao‐Na , Ge Mingmin , Chen Pengfei , Kuang Shi , Nie Zhou
Published: November 2022

G‐quadruplexes (G4s), the noncanonical nucleic acid secondary structure, form within guanine‐rich DNA or RNA sequences. G4s formation can affect chromatin architecture and gene regulation and has been associated with various cellular functions, including DNA replication, transcription, and genome maintenance. Visualizing and detecting G4s precisely in such processes is essential to increasing our understanding of G4s biology. Considerable attention has focused on the G4s targeting molecular imaging studies. Besides, fluorescent light‐up aptamers (FLAPs, also referred to as fluorogenic aptamers) have gained momentum, which commonly have a G4 scaffolding for imaging intracellular RNAs and metabolites. In this review, we first introduce several representative fluorescent imaging approaches for tracking G4s in cells and in vivo. We also discuss the potential of G4‐containing FLAPs in bioimaging and summarize current developments in this field from the standpoint of fluorescent molecules. Finally, we discuss the present challenges and future potential of G4 imaging and G4‐containing FLAPs development.
Engagement and outcomes of cancer patients referred to a tobacco cessation program at a National Cancer Institute‐designated cancer center
Authors: Westergaard Sarah A. , Rupji Manali , Franklin Lauren E. , Behera Madhusmita , Ramalingam Suresh S. , Higgins Kristin A.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Tobacco cessation is a critical but challenging intervention for cancer patients. Our National Cancer Institute‐designated Comprehensive Cancer Center instituted a tobacco cessation program in 2019. This manuscript reports on the first 2 years of our experience.

Methods

Patients were referred to the program by their care team, and a certified tobacco treatment specialist contacted patients remotely and provided behavioral therapy and coordinated pharmacotherapy. We retrospectively captured data from patients with a cancer diagnosis referred to the tobacco cessation program. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses with the backward elimination approach were performed to determine factors associated with patient acceptance of referral to the tobacco cessation program. Tobacco cessation rates after referral to the program were also captured.

Results

Between July 2019 and August 2021, 194 patients were referred to the tobacco cessation program. Of the 194 patients referred, 93 agreed to enroll in the tobacco cessation program (47.9%), of which 84 requested pharmacotherapy (90.3%). Twenty‐four were able to cease tobacco use (25.8%). Only 7 patients out of the 101 patients (6.9%) who declined cessation services were successful (p < 0.001). On univariate logistic regression, race (p = 0.027) and marital status (p = 0.020) were associated with referral acceptance. On multivariable analysis, single patients (odds ratio [OR] = 0.33) and Caucasian patients (OR = 0.43) were less likely to accept a referral.

Conclusions

Access to tobacco cessation services is a critical component of comprehensive cancer care. Our experience highlights the need to understand patient‐specific factors associated with engagement with a tobacco cessation program during cancer treatment. The use of pharmacotherapy is also a critical component of successful tobacco cessation.
Three New Cembranoids from a Xisha Soft Coral Sarcophyton sp.
Authors: Leng Xue , Liu Jing , Han Xiao , Li Te , Ouyang Han , Yan Xia , He Shan
Published: November 2022

Chemical investigation of the Xisha soft coral Sarcophyton sp. has led to the isolation of eight cembrane‐type diterpenoids, including three new compounds, namely sarcophynoids A‐C (1–3), and five known analog compounds (4–8). Their structures were clarified based on spectroscopic analysis, and computer‐assisted methods including TDDFT‐ECD calculation and the quantum mechanical‐nuclear magnetic resonance (QM‐NMR) method. All the above compounds were tested for their antibacterial activities. Among them, compounds 4–7 and 8 exhibited antibacterial activities against S. aureus, B. subtilis, and P. aeruginosa, with MIC of 4–64 μg/mL.
An Engineered β‐Hairpin Peptide Forming Thermostable Complexes with ZnII, NiII, and CuII through a His3 Site
Authors: Pham Truc Lam , Fazliev Sunnatullo , Baur Philipp , Comba Peter , Thomas Franziska
Published: November 2022

The three‐dimensional structure of a peptide, which determines its function, can denature at elevated temperatures, in the presence of chaotropic reagents, or in organic solvents. These factors limit the applicability of peptides. Herein, we present an engineered β‐hairpin peptide containing a His3 site that forms complexes with ZnII, NiII, and CuII. Circular dichroism spectroscopy shows that the peptide−metal complexes exhibit melting temperatures up to 80 °C and remain folded in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride as well as in organic solvents. Intrinsic fluorescence titration experiments were used to determine the dissociation constants of metal binding in the nano‐ to sub‐nanomolar range. The coordination geometry of the peptide−CuII complex was studied by EPR spectroscopy, and a distorted square planar coordination geometry with weak interactions to axial ligands was revealed. Due to their impressive stability, the presented peptide−metal complexes open up interesting fields of application, such as the development of a new class of peptide−metal catalysts for stereoselective organic synthesis or the directed design of extremophilic β‐sheet peptides.
Towards Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of Immunogenic Cell Death
Authors: Xiong Xiaolin , Wang Yuan , Zou Taotao
Published: November 2022

The discovery of immunogenic cell death (ICD) by small molecules (e. g., chemotherapeutic drugs) intrigued medicinal chemists and led them to exploit anticancer agents with such a trait because ICD agents provoke anticancer immune responses in addition to their cytotoxicity. However, the unclear molecular mechanism of ICD hampers further achievements in drug development. Fortunately, increasing efforts have been made in this area in recent years by using either chemical or biological approaches. Here, we review the current achievements towards understanding the mechanisms of small molecule‐induced ICD effects. Based on the established role of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in ICD, we classify the mechanisms of different inducers by their dependency on UPR. Key proteins and pathways with important implications are discussed in depth. We also give our perspectives on the research strategies for future investigation in this field.
The Buoy Effect: Surface Enrichment of a Pt Complex in IL Solution by Ligand Design
Authors: Hemmeter Daniel , Kremitzl Daniel , Schulz Peter S. , Wasserscheid Peter , Maier Florian , Steinrück Hans‐Peter
Published: November 2022

The targeted enrichment of a Pt complex with an ionic liquid (IL)‐derived ligand system in IL solution is demonstrated by using angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. When the ligand system is complemented with fluorinated side chains, the complex accumulates strongly at the IL/gas interface, while in an equivalent solution of a complex without these substituents no such effect could be observed. This buoy‐like behavior induces strong population of the complex at the outermost molecular layer close to surface saturation, which was studied over a range from 5 to 30 %mol. The surface enrichment was found to be most efficient at the lowest concentration, which is particularly favorable for catalytic applications such as supported ionic‐liquid‐phase (SILP) catalysis.
X‐Ray Triggered Coordination‐Bond Breakage in Dysprosium‐Organic Framework and its Impact on Magnetic Properties
Authors: Zou Qian , Wang Guo‐Lu , Chen Yi‐Qing , Huang Xin‐Da , Wen Ge Hua , Qin Ming‐Feng , Bao Song‐Song , Zhang Yi‐Quan , Zheng Li‐Min
Published: November 2022

Photosensitive lanthanide‐based single‐molecule magnets (Ln−SMM) are very attractive for their potential applications in information storage, switching, and sensors. However, the light‐driven structural transformation in Ln−SMMs hardly changes the coordination number of the lanthanide ion. Herein, for the first time it is reported that X‐ray (λ=0.71073 Å) irradiation can break the coordination bond of Dy−OH2 in the three‐dimensional (3D) metal‐organic framework Dy2(amp2H2)3(H2O)6 ⋅ 4H2O (MDAF‐5), in which the {Dy2(OPO)2} dimers are cross‐linked by dianthracene‐phosphonate ligands. The structural transformation proceeds in a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SC‐SC) fashion, forming the new phase Dy2(amp2H2)3(H2O)4 ⋅ 4H2O (MDAF‐5‐X). The phase transition is accompanied by a significant change in magnetic properties due to the alteration in coordination geometry of the DyIII ion from a distorted pentagonal bipyramid in MDAF‐5 to a distorted octahedron in MDAF‐5‐X.
Synthesis of a Bifunctionalized Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Anchor Useful for the Study of GPI Biology
Authors: Mullapudi Venkanna Babu , Craig Kendall C. , Guo Zhongwu
Published: November 2022

A new, bifunctional glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) derivative containing the highly conserved core structure of all natural GPI anchors with a photoactivable diazirine in the lipid chain and clickable alkynes in the glycan was synthesized by a convergent [3+2] glycosylation strategy with late stage protecting group manipulation and regioselective phosphorylation. The challenges of this synthesis were due to the presence of several distinctive functional groups in the synthetic target, which complicated the protection tactics, in addition to the inherent difficulties associated with GPI synthesis. This bifunctional GPI derivative can cross‐react with molecules in proximity upon photoactivation and be subsequently labeled with other molecular tags via click reaction. Therefore, it should be a valuable probe for biological studies of GPIs, such as analysis of GPI‐interacting membrane proteins, and gaining insights into their functional mechanisms.
Long‐Acting Insulin‐Zwitterionic Polymer Conjugate Mitigates Hypoglycemia
Authors: Zeng Zhipeng , Hou Wangmeng , Hu Zhitao , Liu Lixin , Liu Zhijia , Shi Yi , Li Mingqiang , Chen Yongming
Published: November 2022

Insulin, a main medication to control glycemia of type 1 and advanced type 2 diabetes, faces problems of a short half‐life and poor stability during its clinical use. Zwitterionic polymer shows unique properties of antifouling and low immunogenicity. Here, we have synthesized a new insulin‐zwitterionic polymer conjugate (INS‐PMPC) through grafting‐from strategy by controlled radical polymerization. Apart from showing excellent stability upon mechanical agitation, the resulting INS‐PMPC conjugate provided over 20 h of glycemic control due to improved pharmacokinetics in diabetic mice with one single subcutaneous injection. Most importantly, this insulin‐zwitterionic polymer conjugate significantly decreases the incidence of hypoglycemia.
Syntheses of η1‐Alkyl‐η3‐Allyl‐η5‐Cyclopentadienyl Cobalt(III) Complexes and Their Use in Low‐temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of Cobalt‐Containing Thin Films
Authors: Lu Ke , Zhu Jiahao , Wang Jialiang , Wa Qingbo , Guo Zheng , Xiong Wei , Gao Yuan , Lei Renbo , Cheng Bichu , Wang Xinwei
Published: November 2022

Herein, we report the design and scalable synthesis of three new Co(III) complexes, which have an unusual hydrocarbon η1‐alkyl‐η3‐allyl‐η5‐cyclopentadienyl ligation structure, from the reactions of readily available cobalt(II) compound CoCl2(PPh3)2 and biomass material β‐pinene via C−C bond activation. These Co(III) complexes are air‐stable, fairly volatile, and thermally stable, so they are excellent candidates as the metal precursors for the vapor deposition of cobalt‐containing thin films. As a demonstration, we show that the Co(III) complex of [(3’‐5’‐η,1‐σ)‐methylene(2,2,4‐trimethyl‐4‐cyclohexene‐1,3‐diyl)](η5‐methylcyclopentadienyl)Co (i. e. (seco‐pinene)(MeCp)Co) is well suited for the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Co3O4 and CoS2 thin films, and the deposited Co3O4 and CoS2 films are able to conformally cover trench structures with a fairly high aspect ratio of 10 : 1.
Inverse material parameter estimation of patient‐specific finite element models at the carotid bifurcation: The impact of excluding the zero‐pressure configuration and residual stress
Authors: Johnston Robert D. , Ghasemi Milad , Lally Caitríona
Published: November 2022

The carotid bifurcation experiences a complex loading environment due to its anatomical structure. Previous in‐vivo material parameter estimation methods often use simplified model geometries, isotropic hyperelastic constitutive equations or neglect key aspects of the vessel, such as the zero‐pressure configuration or residual stress, all of which have independently been shown to alter the stress environment of the vessel wall. Characterizing the location of high stress in the vessel wall has often been proposed as a potential indicator of structural weakness. However, excluding the afore‐mentioned zero‐pressure configuration, residual stress and patient‐specific material parameters can lead to an incorrect estimation of the true stress values observed, meaning that stress alone as a risk indicator of rupture is insufficient. In this study, we investigate how the estimated material parameters and overall stress distributions in geometries of carotid bifurcations, extracted from in‐vivo MR images, alter with the inclusion of the zero‐pressure configuration and residual stress. This approach consists of the following steps: (1) geometry segmentation and hexahedral meshing from in‐vivo magnetic resonance images (MRI) at two known phases; (2) computation of the zero‐pressure configuration and the associated residual stresses; (3) minimization of an objective function built on the difference between the stress states of an “almost true” stress field at two known phases and a “deformed” stress field by altering the input material parameters to determine patient‐specific material properties; and (4) comparison of the stress distributions throughout these carotid bifurcations for all cases with estimated material parameters. This numerical approach provides insights into the need for estimation of both the zero‐pressure configuration and residual stress for accurate material property estimation and stress analysis for the carotid bifurcation, establishing the reliability of stress as a rupture risk metric.
Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator: a systematic review of comparative effectiveness and safety
Authors: Wolf Sarah , Götz Gregor , Wernly Bernhard , Wild Claudia
Published: November 2022

This systematic review evaluated the clinical effectiveness and safety of subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (S‐ICD) in patients at an increased risk of sudden cardiac death and with an ICD indication for primary or secondary prevention. A systematic literature search was conducted in four databases (Medline via Ovid, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and HTA‐INAHTA). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled observational studies with ≥100 S‐ICD patients and a low to moderate risk of bias were eligible for inclusion. The studies' quality and the available evidence's strength were assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, the ROBINS‐I tool, and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. One RCT, a post hoc analysis of the RCT (n = 849) and four controlled observational studies (n = 7149) were included. The quality of the available evidence was graded as low to very low, except for the primary composite endpoint of the RCT, which was rated as moderate quality. After 4 years, the RCT showed that S‐ICD was non‐inferior to TV‐ICD regarding the composite endpoint of inappropriate shocks and device‐related complications (68 [15.1%] vs. 68 [15.7%], hazard ratio [HR] 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.71, 1.39], non‐inferiority margin 1.45, P = 0.001). The RCT and two observational studies reported statistically significantly fewer lead complications in S‐ICD patients (after 4 years: 1.4% vs. 6.6%, HR 0.24, 95% CI [0.10, 0.54]; after 3 years: 0.3% vs. 2.3%, P = 0.03; and after 5 years: 0.8% vs. 11.5%, P = 0.03). Identified evidence about appropriate and inappropriate shocks was inconclusive: The RCT detected statistically significantly more appropriate shocks in patients with S‐ICD (83 [19.2%] vs. 57 [11.5%], HR 1.52, 95% CI [1.08, 2.12], P = 0.02), whereas one observational study showed a statistically significantly lower rate in the S‐ICD group (9.9%, 95% CI [7.0, 13.9], vs. 13.9%, 95% CI [10.8, 17.8], P = 0.003). Regarding inappropriate shocks, one observational study reported statistically significantly higher rates in the S‐ICD cohort (11.9% vs. 7.5%, P = 0.007), whereas the RCT and two other observational studies did not detect a statistically significant difference between the treatment groups (P > 0.05). None of the included studies showed a statistically significant difference in overall mortality and shock efficacy between patients with S‐ICD and TV‐ICD (P > 0.05). The available evidence is insufficient to show the superiority of S‐ICD compared with TV‐ICD, hindering the widespread use of the technology. Results of the recently completed ATLAS trial are to be awaited, and the anticipated role of the S‐ICD needs to be clearly formulated.
Origins of the Reactivity in 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of Acyl Isocyanide Ylides
Authors: Alfonso‐Ramos Javier E. , Van Lommel Ruben , Hernández‐Castillo David , De Proft Frank , González‐Alemán Roy , Van der Eycken Erik V. , Ojeda‐Carralero Gerardo M.
Published: November 2022

1,3‐Dipolar cycloadditions are the preferred method to generate five‐membered heterocyclic rings. Surprisingly, cycloadditions based on acyl‐isocyanide ylides have remained underexplored by the chemical community. Acyl‐isocyanide ylides readily react with dipolarophiles, such as substituted alkenes, to yield Δ1‐pyrroline derivatives. As an explanation for the observed reactivity of this reaction is lacking, extensive density functional theory calculations were performed to scrutinize the mechanistic features of the transformation. Herein we explain the experimental outcome of the reaction using a variety of reactivity theories and predict opposed regioselectivity for electron‐poor and electron‐rich dipolarophiles. With the insights obtained, we hope to incentivize the design of new cycloaddition reactions based on the acyl‐isocyanide ylides motif.
CuMoO4 Catalyzed Csp2−Se Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Bromide and Iodide with Diaryldiselenides in Water
Authors: Choudhury Prabhupada , Kumar Pradhan Amit , Jena Soumyaranjan , Kumar Sahoo Bikash , Kumar Sahu Santosh , Kumar Behera Pradyota , Behera Papita , Swain Amlan , Rout Laxmidhar
Published: November 2022

In this work, an oxo‐bridged bimetallic CuMoO4 catalyst for Csp2−Se cross‐coupling of diaryldiselenides with aryl‐halides is reported. The current discovery is noteworthy, as the catalyst is eco‐friendly, easily accessible, air‐stable, and recyclable. The methodology exhibits broad substrate scope and the catalytic system tolerates common functional groups. The protocol uses aryl iodide and bromides as electrophile instead of boronic acids. This is the first example of using an oxo‐ bridged copper based bimetallic catalyst for Csp2−Se cross‐coupling reactions in water. C−Cl bond remains intact during reaction.
Electrochemical sensing platform based on the use of ZnONPs and MWCNTs as CPE modifiers for a selective and sensitive determination of polyamine spermine in the urine sample
Authors: Stojanović Zorica S. , Đurović Ana D. , Kravić Snežana Ž. , Ashrafi Amir M. , Richtera Lukáš
Published: November 2022

A simple electroanalytical procedure has been developed for the determination of polyamine spermine using the ZnONPs‐MWCNTs‐CPE sensor. Spermine has been irreversibly oxidized on a modified electrode at a potential of +0.92 V versus Ag/AgCl (KCl, 3.5 mol L−1). The developed sensor demonstrated a respective linear response in borate buffer pH 8.5 from 2 μmol L−1 to 100 μmol L−1, with a detection limit of 0.300 μmol L−1 and quantification limit of 0.998 μmol L−1. The proposed sensor showed high reproducibility (RSD = 2.58 %), stability, robustness, and no obvious interference effects of several inorganic ions and organic molecules. The obtained results demonstrated excellent performance during the determination of the spermine in human urine samples with satisfactory recovery results (98.41–101.34 %), offering promising opportunities for practical clinical analysis.
How does over two decades of active wood reintroduction result in changes to stream channel features and aquatic habitats of a forested river system?
Authors: Pess George R. , McHenry Michael L. , Liermann Martin C. , Hanson Karrie M. , Beechie Timothy J.
Published: November 2022

Since the late 1980s and early 1990s, wood reintroduction has been a commonly assessed stream restoration technique. Many of the efforts have focused on short‐term, localized physical changes and response of salmonids to wood reintroduction. Few have examined how long‐term, spatially extensive increases in wood loadings alter stream channel morphology and the geomorphic processes responsible for these changes. We used before and after photos as well as a wood storage survey with tagged restoration logs in a small, low‐elevation Western Washington watershed to characterize the effects of 23 years of wood additions. In the ~6 km of wood placement we saw an increase in wood loading and channel‐spanning logjams, which contributed to deeper and more frequent pools, a reduction in particle size, increases in sediment storage, reduced stream width, vegetation re‐establishment in the riparian zone, and increased development and maintenance of floodplain channels. The largest geomorphic changes occurred due to restoration wood effectively storing pieces moving downstream. These findings imply that the cumulative habitat restoration actions and associated changes to stream habitat conditions are identifiable through comparison of historical and current photos as well as more quantitative habitat metrics. It also demonstrates that wood placement that simulates the function of large key, stable pieces accelerates habitat recovery within basins subjected to historic logging.
Divergence and introgression among the virilis group of Drosophila
Authors: Yusuf Leeban H. , Tyukmaeva Venera , Hoikkala Anneli , Ritchie Michael G.
Published: November 2022

Speciation with gene flow is now widely regarded as common. However, the frequency of introgression between recently diverged species and the evolutionary consequences of gene flow are still poorly understood. The virilis group of Drosophila contains 12 species that are geographically widespread and show varying levels of prezygotic and postzygotic isolation. Here, we use de novo genome assemblies and whole-genome sequencing data to resolve phylogenetic relationships and describe patterns of introgression and divergence across the group. We suggest that the virilis group consists of three, rather than the traditional two, subgroups. Some genes undergoing rapid sequence divergence across the group were involved in chemical communication and desiccation tolerance, and may be related to the evolution of sexual isolation and adaptation. We found evidence of pervasive phylogenetic discordance caused by ancient introgression events between distant lineages within the group, and more recent gene flow between closely related species. When assessing patterns of genome-wide divergence in species pairs across the group, we found no consistent genomic evidence of a disproportionate role for the X chromosome as has been found in other systems. Our results show how ancient and recent introgressions confuse phylogenetic reconstruction, but may play an important role during early radiation of a group.
Hope and sadness: Balancing emotions in tobacco control mass media campaigns aimed at smokers
Authors: O'Hara Blythe J. , Owen Katherine B. , Bauman Adrian E. , Dunlop Sally , Phongsavan Philayrath , Furestad Erin , Scott Nicola , Freeman Becky
Published: November 2022

Issue addressed

Australia has smoking prevalence of less than 15% among adults, but there are concerns that the rates of decline have stabilised. Sustained mass media campaigns are central to decreasing prevalence, and the emotions evoked by campaigns contribute to their impact. This study investigates the association between potential exposure to campaigns that evoke different emotions on quitting salience (thinking about quitting), quitting intentions and quitting attempts.

Methods

Data on quitting outcomes were obtained from weekly cross‐sectional telephone surveys with adult smokers and recent quitters between 2013 and 2018. Campaign activity data were collated, and population‐level potential campaign exposure was measured by time and dose.

Results

Using multivariate analyses, a positive association between potential exposure to ‘hope’ campaigns and thinking about quitting and intending to quit was noted, but no association was seen with quit attempts. Potential exposure to ‘sadness’ evoking campaigns was positively associated with quitting salience and negatively associated with quit attempts, whereas those potentially exposed to campaigns evoking multiple negative emotions (fear, guilt and sadness) were approximately 30% more likely to make a quit attempt.

Conclusions

This study suggests a relationship between the emotional content of campaigns, quitting behaviours. Campaign planners should consider campaigns that evoke negative emotions for population‐wide efforts to bring about quitting activity alongside hopeful campaigns that promote quitting salience and quitting intentions. The emotional content of campaigns provides an additional consideration for campaigns targeting smokers and influencing quitting activity.

So what?

This study demonstrates the importance of balancing the emotional content of campaigns to ensure that campaign advertising is given the greatest chance to achieve its objectives. Utilising campaigns that evoke negative emotions appear to be needed to encourage quitting attempts but maintaining hopeful campaigns to promote thinking about quitting and intending to quit is also an important component of the mix of tobacco control campaigns.
Challenges and innovations in access to community‐based rural primary care services during the Covid‐19 pandemic in Australia
Authors: O’Sullivan Belinda
Published: November 2022

Background

Access to primary care is a significant issue for rural populations. The Covid‐19 pandemic imposed a unique operating environment for rural General Practice enabling accessible services. This study aimed to explore the challenges and innovations rural General Practices experienced in promoting accessible primary care during a year of the pandemic.

Methods

Longitudinal semi‐structured interviews were done with key informants (General Practitioners or Practice Managers) from purposefully selected General Practices from different rural towns in different subregions. Interviews occurred at three stages of the pandemic, June 2020–June 2021. They explored participant perspectives of the emerging challenges and innovatinos as they sought to support accessible primary care services during the pandemic. The data were thematically coded using a deductive framework of access challenges and innovations over time.

Results

Of 12 practices approached, 11 key informants responded, providing around 30 h of interview data. The challenges and innovations related to access, changed over time as the pandemic evolved. A common theme concerned reflexive action. Practices had been on a journey during the pandemic to embed new planning processes, digital health options and to innovate to protect and support patients and staff to sustain access.

Conclusion

This study provides useful insights into the challenges and innovations experienced in rural general practice during the Covid‐19 pandemic to reflect on models, strategies and approaches that can apply to promote access to rural primary care services going forward.
Feasibility and tolerability of sintilimab plus anlotinib as the second‐line therapy for patients with advanced biliary tract cancers: An open‐label, single‐arm, phase II clinical trial
Authors: Jin Shuiling , Zhao Ruihua , Zhou Chuang , Zhong Qian , Shi Jianxiang , Su Chang , Li Qinglong , Su Xiaoxing , Chi Huabin , Lu Xu , Jiang Guozhong , Chen Renyin , Han Jinming , Jiang Miao , Qiao Shishi , Liu Jingjing , Song Min , Song Lijie , Du Yabing , Chang Zhiwei , Wang Meng , Dong Meilian , Zhong Yali , Yu Pu , Zhang Xiaojian , Zong Hong
Published: November 2022

Patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC) were associated with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options after first‐line therapy currently. In this study, we sought to evaluate the feasibility and tolerability of sintilimab plus anlotinib as the second‐line treatment for patients with advanced BTC. Eligible patients had histologically confirmed locally advanced unresectable or metastatic BTC and failed after the first‐line treatment were recruited. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Simultaneously, association between clinical outcomes and genomic profiling and gut microbiome were explored to identify the potential biomarkers for this regimen. Twenty patients were consecutively enrolled and received study therapy. The trail met its primary endpoint with a median OS of 12.3 months (95% CI: 10.1‐14.5). Only four (20%) patients were observed of the grade 3 treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs) and no grade 4 or 5 TRAEs were detected. Mutation of AGO2 was correlated with a significantly longer OS. Abundance of Proteobacteria was associated with inferior clinical response. Therefore, sintilimab plus anlotinib demonstrated encouraging anti‐tumor activity with a tolerable safety profile and deserved to be investigated in larger randomized trials for patients with advanced BTC subsequently.
Polyp detection rate and cumulative incidence of post‐colonoscopy colorectal cancer in Germany
Authors: Schwarz Sarina , Hornschuch Michel , Pox Christian , Haug Ulrike
Published: November 2022

Studies have shown that the quality of colonoscopy influences the incidence of post‐colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC). However, data from Germany on this association are lacking. We aimed to assess cumulative incidence of PCCRC in persons undergoing colonoscopy in Germany according to the physician's polyp detection rate (PDR). Using the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database (GePaRD) with claims data of ~20% of the German population, we included persons with a baseline colonoscopy between 2008 and 2017 and categorized them according to the procedure at baseline (snare polypectomy, forceps polypectomy, no polypectomy). In each subgroup, we distinguished between persons examined by physicians with a PDR in the lowest quartile vs higher quartiles and described cumulative CRC incidence during follow‐up. Overall, 822 715 persons examined by 1752 physicians were included. One quarter of the physicians had a PDR ≤21.8% (lowest quartile). In all subgroups, the 5‐year cumulative CRC incidence was statistically significantly higher in persons examined by physicians with a PDR ≤21.8% vs >21.8%: It was 69% higher in persons with snare polypectomy (0.88% vs 0.52%), 87% higher in persons with forceps polypectomy (0.58% vs 0.31%), and 48% higher in persons without polypectomy at baseline (0.31% vs 0.21%). In conclusion, we found a substantially increased PCCRC risk in persons examined by physicians with a low PDR in Germany, irrespective of the baseline findings. Our study highlights the importance of a high‐quality colonoscopy to maximize the preventive effect of colonoscopy on CRC incidence.
Interplay between m6A epitranscriptome and epigenome in cancer: current knowledge and therapeutic perspectives
Authors: Bove Guglielmo , Amin Sajid , Babaei Mehrad , Benedetti Rosaria , Nebbioso Angela , Altucci Lucia , Del Gaudio Nunzio
Published: November 2022

Chromatin has an extremely flexible structure that allows the fine regulation of gene expression. To orchestrate this process, small chemical modifications are dynamically added or removed on DNA, RNA and histone substrates. Epigenetic modifications govern a plethora of key cellular functions, whose dysregulation contributes to oncogenesis. The interrelationship between (irreversible) genetic mutations and (reversible) epigenetic alterations and how this crosstalk regulates gene expression has long been a major area of interest. Marks modulating the RNA code (epitranscriptome), such as the well‐studied N6‐methyladenosine (m6A), are known to influence stability, metabolism and life cycle of many mRNAs, including cancer‐associated transcripts. Together, epigenetic and epitranscriptomic pathways therefore control the entire cellular expression profile and, eventually, cell fate. Recently, previously undescribed crosstalk between these two pathways has started to be unrevealed. For example, m6A and its effectors cooperate with histone modifications to localize chromatin‐modifying complexes to their target regions. Epigenetic marks governing the expression of m6A factors can also be found at specific genetic loci. m6A itself can mark noncoding RNAs (including lncRNAs, circRNAs and miRNAs), influencing their structure, maturation and function. These interactions affect both cell physiology and pathology. Clear evidence that dysregulation of this network plays a role in cancer has emerged, suggesting a new layer of complexity in the landscape of gene expression. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the interplay between m6A epitranscriptome and epigenome, focusing on cancer processes. We also discuss strategies to target m6A machinery for future therapeutic intervention.
Adverse childhood experiences and early adolescent cyberbullying in the United States
Authors: Nagata Jason M. , Trompeter Nora , Singh Gurbinder , Raney Julia , Ganson Kyle T. , Testa Alexander , Jackson Dylan B. , Murray Stuart B. , Baker Fiona C.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

With the increasing use of social media and online platforms among adolescents, the relationship between traumatic life events and cyberbullying remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and cyberbullying victimization among a racially/ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of early adolescents.

Methods

We analyzed longitudinal data from 10,317 participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, baseline (2016–2018, ages 9–10 years) to Year 2. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate associations between ACEs and cyberbullying victimization, adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, country of birth, household income, parental education, and study site.

Results

In the sample (48.7% female, 46.0% racial/ethnic minority), 81.3% of early adolescents reported at least one ACE, and 9.6% reported cyberbullying victimization. In general, there was a dose–response relationship between the number of ACEs and cyberbullying victimization, as two (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–1.85), three (AOR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.57–2.74), and four or more (AOR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.61–3.49) ACEs were associated with cyberbullying victimization in adjusted models. In models examining the specific type of ACE, sexual abuse (AOR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.26–4.11), physical neglect (AOR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.24–2.09), and household mental health problems (AOR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.18–1.65) had the strongest associations with cyberbullying victimization.

Conclusion

Adolescents who have experienced ACEs are at greater risk for experiencing cyberbullying. Interventions to prevent cyberbullying could use a trauma‐informed framework, including inter‐peer interventions to break this cycle of trauma.
Haplotypic variants of COVID‐19 related genes are associated with blood pressure and metabolites levels
Authors: Gholami Morteza , Zoughi Marziyeh , Hasanzad Mandana , Larijani Bagher , Amoli Mahsa M.
Published: November 2022

The genetic association of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) with its complications has not been fully understood. This study aimed to identify variants and haplotypes of candidate genes implicated in COVID‐19 related traits by combining the literature review and pathway analysis. To explore such genes, the protein‐protein interactions and relevant pathways of COVID‐19‐associated genes were assessed. A number of variants on candidate genes were identified from Genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) which were associated with COVID‐19 related traits (p ˂ 10‐6). Haplotypic blocks were assessed using haplotypic structures among the 1000 Genomes Project (r2 ≥ 0.8, D′ ≥ 0.8). Further functional analyses were performed on the selected variants. The results demonstrated that a group of variants in ACE and AGT genes were significantly correlated with COVID‐19 related traits. Three haplotypes were identified to be involved in the blood metabolites levels and the development of blood pressure. Functional analyses revealed that most GWAS index variants were expression quantitative trait loci and had transcription factor binding sites, exonic splicing enhancers or silencer activities. Furthermore, the proxy haplotype variants, rs4316, rs4353, rs4359, and three variants, namely rs2493133, rs2478543, and rs5051, were associated with blood metabolite and systolic blood pressure, respectively. These variants exerted more regulatory effects compared with other GWAS variants. The present study indicates that the genetic variants and candidate haplotypes of COVID‐19 related genes are associated with blood pressure and blood metabolites. However, further observational studies are warranted to confirm these results.
Short‐ and long‐term surgical outcomes of pancreatic resection for retroperitoneal sarcoma: A long‐term single‐center experience of 90 cases
Authors: Lv Ang , Liu Dao‐Ning , Wang Zhen , Li Cheng‐Peng , Liu Bo‐Nan , Liu Qiao , Tian Xiu‐Yun , Hao Chun‐Yi
Published: November 2022

Background and Objectives

Resection of retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) en bloc with pancreas is challenging and controversial. This single‐center retrospective study aimed to analyze the impact of pancreatic resection (PR) and its different types on short‐ and long‐term outcomes in patients with RPS.

Methods

Data from 242 consecutive patients with RPS who underwent surgical treatment at the Peking University Cancer Hospital Sarcoma Center between January 2010 and February 2021 were analyzed. Out of these, 90 patients underwent PR, including pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in 31 and distal pancreatectomy (DP) in 59.

Results

Patients in the PR group had a higher major morbidity (37.8% vs. 14.5%) and mortality (8.9% vs. 1.3%) than those in the non‐PR group, with a similar 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate (46.9% vs. 53.6%). Patients in the PD and DP groups had a slight difference in major morbidity (48.4% vs. 32.2%), mortality (6.4% vs. 10.2%), and 5‐year OS rates (43.3% vs. 49.3%). The PR type was not an independent risk factor for major morbidity or OS.

Conclusions

PR in RPS resection was associated with increased morbidity and mortality with minimal influence on survival. Patients with RPS undergoing PD and DP showed slight differences in terms of safety and OS.
Tumor extent impacts survival benefit in minimally invasive colectomy for T4 colon cancer: A propensity matched national cohort analysis
Authors: Malhotra Gautam , Lafaro Kelly , Konstantinidis Ioannis , Melstrom Laleh , Hannah Mark , Lai Lily , Melstrom Kurt , Sentovich Steven , Kaiser Andreas , Paz Isaac B. , Raoof Mustafa
Published: November 2022

Background

T4 colon cancers have been underrepresented in randomized trials comparing minimally invasive colectomy (MC) versus open colectomy (OC). Retrospective studies suggest improved survival with MC versus OC, but have not addressed the impact of tumor extent.

Methods

Using the National Cancer Database (NCDB), we analyzed patients undergoing colectomy for T4 colon adenocarcinoma from 2010 to 2014. Propensity score matching was performed between MC and OC patients. Tumor extent was defined by zones based on adjacent organ involvement.

Results

Of the 19 178 eligible patients, 6564 (34%) underwent MC. After matching, MC was associated with improved overall survival (hazard ratios: 0.71, 95% confidence interval: 0.67−0.76; median OS 59 vs. 42 months, p < 0.001). Compared to MC patients, those undergoing OC had: a higher margin positive rate (p = 0.009); lower median nodes examined (p < 0.001); a lower rate of adjuvant chemotherapy (p < 0.001); and a longer median time to chemotherapy (p < 0.001). Stratified survival analyses demonstrated that MC was associated with improved overall survival compared to OC in all zones except zone 3 and 4.

Conclusions

Compared to OC, MC for T4 colon cancer is associated with improved oncologic outcomes when performed for zone 0−2 tumors. For, zone 3 and 4 tumors MC and OC have similar oncologic outcomes and patients should be cautiously selected.