bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the aggregation-induced chromic emission of triazine anchored BODIPYs
Authors: Satardekar Pranay , Chaudhari Vaishali , Siddiqui Zahir Ali , Lambud Sushil , Sekar Nagaiyan , Bhosale Rajesh , More Sandeep
Published: September 2024

Triazine-based BODIPY dyes exhibiting restricted intramolecular rotation and J-aggregation, leading to aggregation-induced chromic emission (AICE) with green-to-red emission color switching and self-assembly behaviour in the aggregated state.
Chemical case studies from natural products of recent interest in the crop protection industry
Authors: Späth Georg , Loiseleur Olivier
Published: September 2024

Through the lens of chemical case studies, this review examines most recent and selected iconic natural product classes in crop protection.
Stable pharmaceutical composition of cryo-protected non-pyrogenic isotonic chains of magnetosomes for efficient tumor cell destruction at 45 ± 1 °C under alternating magnetic field or ultrasound application
Authors: Nguyen Tieu Ngoc , Chebbi Imène , Le Fèvre Raphaël , Guyot François , Alphandéry Edouard
Published: September 2024

Stable magnetosome formulation stored under powder form and respudended to yield efficient anti-tumor activity in hyperthermia treatment.
Azide-based in situ preparation of fused heterocyclic imines and their multicomponent reactions
Authors: Paramonova Polina , Lebedev Rodion , Sokolov Alexander , Dar'in Dmitry , Kanov Evgeny , Murtazina Ramilya , Gainetdinov Raul , Kalinin Stanislav , Bakulina Olga
Published: September 2024

Heterocycles bearing N-ω-azidoalkyl and carbonyl moieties formed fused imines via the intramolecular Staudinger/aza-Wittig tandem reaction to provide hTAAR1 agonists after in situ post-modifications.
Impact of close proximity pulse width modulation switching events on electric machine terminal voltages
Authors: Hewitt David A. , Sundeep Shubham , Griffo Antonio , Wang Jiabin
Published: September 2024

Electric machines form an essential part of a wide range of modern systems. When speed control is required, the use of pulse width modulation‐based inverters is generally the solution of choice. It is also usual to connect the machine to the inverter using a cable. The combination of these three elements produces the potential for voltages which exceed the dc link voltage to occur at the machine terminals. Methods for predicting the terminal voltage exist; however, these methods assume that the pulses applied to the system can be considered as isolated, discrete events. The authors highlight an issue with this assumption. When a switching event occurs, it will cause a voltage disturbance in the unswitched phases of the system due to the mutual coupling between the phases. If a second switching event occurs within a short time of this event the resultant voltage will interact with the previous switching event resulting in a higher terminal voltage than would be the case for an isolated event. This effect can be problematic for insulation design if it is not considered. This issue is demonstrated, with the worst‐case scenarios identified and potential methods of reducing terminal voltage being proposed.
Collaborative deployment of multiple reinforcement methods for network‐loss reduction in distribution system with seasonal loads
Authors: Xie Yizhe , Xing Kai , Luo Lizi , Lu Shuai , Chen Cheng , Wang Xiaoming , Zhao Wenguang , Korkali Mert
Published: September 2024

The integration of seasonal loads, such as cereal baking and aquatic‐product processing loads, often leads to significant voltage deviations and severe peak loads of the distribution system during specific periods, resulting in increased network losses. Traditional approaches for reducing network losses are becoming less effective and cost‐efficient due to the spatiotemporally uneven distribution characteristics of seasonal loads. To address this issue, this study proposes an optimisation model that collaboratively integrates mobile energy storage, switching capacitors, and tie lines to minimise annual network losses in special planning scenarios affected by seasonal loads. The deployment strategies of multiple reinforcement methods are thoroughly analysed, greatly enhancing the explainability and feasibility of the collaborative deployment model. Then, the proposed model is reformulated to a mixed‐integer linear programming model using the inscribed regular dodecagon approximation approach, thereby making it trackable for state‐of‐the‐art solvers. To illustrate the effectiveness of the model, case studies are conducted on a unique 55‐bus distribution system located in East China, which contains feeders with substantial seasonal variation aquaculture loads and with general loads. The effectiveness of multiple reinforcement methods is thoroughly analysed through detailed numerical results. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis of the investment budget is conducted.
Automated detection of exploding granules with SDO/HMI data
Authors: Ballot J. , Roudier T.
Published: September 2024

Context. Exploding granules on the solar surface play a major role in the dynamics of the outer part of the convection zone, especially in the diffusion of the magnetic field.

Aims. We aim to develop an automated procedure able to investigate the location and evolution of exploding granules over the solar surface and to get rid of visual detection.

Methods. We used sequences of observations of intensity and Doppler velocity, as well as magnetograms, provided by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager aboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The automated detection of the exploding granules was performed by applying criteria on either three or two parameters: the granule area, the amplitude of the velocity field divergence, and, at the disc centre, the radial Doppler velocity. Our analyses show that granule area and divergence amplitudes are sufficient to detect the largest exploding granules; thus, we can automatically detect them, not only at the disc centre, but across the whole solar surface.

Results. Using a 24-hour-long observation sequence, we have demonstrated the important contribution of the most dynamic exploding granules in the diffusion of the magnetic field in the quiet Sun. Indeed, we have shown that the most intense exploding granules are sufficient to build a large part of the photospheric network. We have also applied our procedure on Hinode observations to locate the exploding granules relative to trees of fragmenting granules (TFGs). We conclude that, during a first phase of about 300 minutes after the birth of a TFG, exploding granules are preferentially located on its edge. Finally, we also show that the distribution of exploding granules is homogeneous (at the level of our measurement errors) over the solar surface without a significant dependency on latitude.
Review of accelerated aging methods for geotextiles
Authors: Filho José Luiz Ernandes Dias , da Silva Jefferson Lins
Published: September 2024

Accelerated aging methods are becoming increasingly common to evaluate geotextile properties in long-term behavior. Due to this, various manufacturers of these materials are asked to guarantee the useful life of the product, especially for components that cannot be easily inspected or may fail in service. Although the durability of geotextiles in non-demanding applications has traditionally been predicted from previous in-service experience, design for harsh environments or the long term requires a much better understanding of degradation mechanisms and the use of accelerated aging conditions to allow reliable useful life predictions to be made. Therefore, this paper aims to review accelerated aging methods according to the geotextile application environment that is commonly experienced in service and some techniques that have been developed for lifetime prediction in geotextiles according to different applications in engineering projects. The results of the review of the different papers analyzed show a clear division between conventional and non-conventional aging procedures. Moreover, characterization is defined according to the type of application of the geotextile. The review in this study, for geosynthetic design, provides general knowledge about accelerated aging methods using the main articles from the literature to evaluate the durability of geotextiles.
Paresis of the Oculomotor Nerve due to Neurovascular Conflict with Superior Cerebellar Artery
Authors: Kuniak Matúš , Šebová Anna , Kuniaková Marcela , Sameš Martin
Published: September 2024

Background Neurovascular conflict between the oculomotor nerve and a posterior circulation cerebral artery is a relatively frequent radiologic finding; however, it manifests minimally clinically (by slower photoreaction on the ipsilateral side). Sustained paresis of the oculomotor nerve that arose directly due to neurovascular conflict between the superior cerebral artery (SCA) and the oculomotor nerve, and resolved after microvascular decompression, is extremely rare and has not yet been published.

Methods A 34-year-old female patient presented with an advancing ptosis and downward gaze on one side. Differential diagnostics ruled out all other causes of the oculomotor paresis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed significant compression of the oculomotor nerve by an aberrant SCA on the ipsilateral side. Neurovascular decompression performed microsurgically resulted in near complete resolution of the symptoms.

Results This case report aims to present a case of a rare clinical condition caused by a generally common anatomical variation. This variation proved to be the only cause of the patient's symptoms, which resolved after microsurgical restoration of the neuroanatomy.

Conclusions Oculomotor nerve paresis caused directly by neurovascular conflict is an extremely rare diagnosis. Microvascular decompression should be considered in these cases, if other causes have been excluded.
Genomic Landscape Features of Minimally Invasive Adenocarcinoma and Invasive Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xu Hui , Tang Ning , Han Shuang , Shu Hongyan
Published: September 2024

Background The widespread implementation of computed tomography has significantly increased the detection of small pulmonary nodules, including atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC). Few studies have focused on the genomic differences between MIA and IAC.

Methods We retrospectively analyzed patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) who underwent surgery from January 2020 to December 2023. Patients were categorized into MIA and IAC groups. The mutation status of common driver genes was assessed using next-generation sequencing.

Results A total of 422 LUAD patients were included in the study, comprising 119 MIA cases and 303 IAC cases. MIA patients were younger and predominantly female compared with IAC patients. EGFR mutations were detected in 251 patients (59.5%), with the frequency of EGFR mutations increasing from 37.0% in MIA to 68.3% in IAC (p < 0.001). TP53 mutations were found in 108 patients (25.6%), with 7 patients (5.9%) in MIA and 101 patients (33.3%) in IAC (p < 0.001). ERBB2 mutations were identified in 23 MIA patients (19.3%) and 20 IAC patients (6.6%) (p < 0.001). Additionally, CDKN2A mutations were detected in 23 IAC patients (7.6%), while no mutations in this gene were found in the MIA group. Moreover, ALK and RET gene fusions were identified in 11 patients, respectively.

Conclusion ERBB2 mutations and RET fusions are early genomic events in LUAD, while TP53 and CDKN2A mutations and ALK fusions occur later. Genomic intratumor heterogeneity likely arises early, before invasive characteristics develop.
Adam Watson and international relations: a contemporary reassessment—introduction
Authors: Costa Buranelli Filippo , Stivachtis Yannis
Published: September 2024

This is the introduction to the special issue 'Adam Watson and International Relations: A Contemporary Reassessment'. In this short piece, the guest editors outline the genesis, development, and purpose of the project, offer a rationale for the special issue, summarise the papers in it, and reflect on the importance of Adam Watson within the English School and International Relations canons.
Model predictive complex system control from observational and interventional data
Authors: Mou Muyun , Guo Yu , Luo Fanming , Yu Yang , Zhang Jiang
Published: September 2024

Complex systems, characterized by intricate interactions among numerous entities, give rise to emergent behaviors whose data-driven modeling and control are of utmost significance, especially when there is abundant observational data but the intervention cost is high. Traditional methods rely on precise dynamical models or require extensive intervention data, often falling short in real-world applications. To bridge this gap, we consider a specific setting of the complex systems control problem: how to control complex systems through a few online interactions on some intervenable nodes when abundant observational data from natural evolution is available. We introduce a two-stage model predictive complex system control framework, comprising an offline pre-training phase that leverages rich observational data to capture spontaneous evolutionary dynamics and an online fine-tuning phase that uses a variant of model predictive control to implement intervention actions. To address the high-dimensional nature of the state-action space in complex systems, we propose a novel approach employing action-extended graph neural networks to model the Markov decision process of complex systems and design a hierarchical action space for learning intervention actions. This approach performs well in three complex system control environments: Boids, Kuramoto, and Susceptible-Infectious-Susceptible (SIS) metapopulation. It offers accelerated convergence, robust generalization, and reduced intervention costs compared to the baseline algorithm. This work provides valuable insights into controlling complex systems with high-dimensional state-action spaces and limited intervention data, presenting promising applications for real-world challenges.
Extreme eigenvalues of random matrices from Jacobi ensembles
Authors: Winn B.
Published: September 2024

Two-term asymptotic formulæ for the probability distribution functions for the smallest eigenvalue of the Jacobi β-Ensembles are derived for matrices of large size in the régime where β > 0 is arbitrary and one of the model parameters α1 is an integer. By a straightforward transformation this leads to corresponding results for the distribution of the largest eigenvalue. The explicit expressions are given in terms of multi-variable hypergeometric functions, and it is found that the first-order corrections are proportional to the derivative of the leading order limiting distribution function. In some special cases β = 2 and/or small values of α1, explicit formulæ involving more familiar functions, such as the modified Bessel function of the first kind, are presented.
Measurement bias in self-heating x-ray free electron laser experiments from diffraction studies of phase transformation in titanium
Authors: Ball O. B. , Husband R. J. , McHardy J. D. , McMahon M. I. , Strohm C. , Konôpková Z. , Appel K. , Cerantola V. , Coleman A. L. , Cynn H. , Dwivedi A. , Goncharov A. F. , Graafsma H. , Huston L. Q. , Hwang H. , Kaa J. , Kim J.-Y. , Koemets E. , Laurus T. , Li X. , Marquardt H. , Méndez A. S. J. , Merkel S. , Mondal A. , Morard G. , Prakapenka V. B. , Prescher C. , Preston T. R. , Speziale S. , Stern S. , Sturtevant B. T. , Sztuk-Dambietz J. , Velisavljevic N. , Yoo C.-S. , Zastrau U. , Jenei Zs. , Liermann H. P. , McWilliams R. S.
Published: September 2024

X-ray self-heating is a common by-product of X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) techniques that can affect targets, optics, and other irradiated materials. Diagnosis of heating and induced changes in samples may be performed using the x-ray beam itself as a probe. However, the relationship between conditions created by and inferred from x-ray irradiation is unclear and may be highly dependent on the material system under consideration. Here, we report on a simple case study of a titanium foil irradiated, heated, and probed by a MHz XFEL pulse train at 18.1 keV delivered by the European XFEL using measured x-ray diffraction to determine temperature and finite element analysis to interpret the experimental data. We find a complex relationship between apparent temperatures and sample temperature distributions that must be accounted for to adequately interpret the data, including beam averaging effects, multivalued temperatures due to sample phase transitions, and jumps and gaps in the observable temperature near phase transformations. The results have implications for studies employing x-ray probing of systems with large temperature gradients, particularly where these gradients are produced by the beam itself. Finally, this study shows the potential complexity of studying nonlinear sample behavior, such as phase transformations, where biasing effects of temperature gradients can become paramount, precluding clear observation of true transformation conditions.
Piezo-photocatalysis synergy in γ-GeSe for highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhang Tianqi , Zhou Long , Chen Guobo , Wei Songrui , Sun Rong , Li Yunping , Meng Lijian , Zhang Guanglong , Xia Shuwei , Wang Zhongchang , Qiu Meng
Published: September 2024

Solar-driven semiconductor photocatalysts are highly appealing in applications of environmental remediation and energy conversion. However, photocatalytic reactions, particularly oxygen evolution reaction (OER), are often constrained by the swift recombination of electron–hole pairs, thereby resulting in low reaction efficiency. Although it is effective to separate charge carriers by constructing heterojunctions to form built-in electric field, the lattice mismatch and inefficient interlayer charge transfer of heterojunctions in the photocatalysts limit their further development. Here, we propose a new strategy by constructing an internal electric field for OER through an individual piezoelectric two-dimensional material. The results indicate that the piezoelectric effect regulates the electronic structure, reduces bandgap, improves light absorption efficiency, and that the displacement of positive and negative charge centers is the key factor in the enhanced OER. This research indicates the feasibility of combining piezoelectric properties of two-dimensional materials with OER (1.19 eV), providing new insights and guidance for applying the piezoelectric effect in the OER and opening up a way to promote efficient separation of charge carriers.
First look at neutron emission shape characteristics of ignition hotspots at the National Ignition Facility (invited)
Authors: Durocher Mora , Geppert-Kleinrath Verena , Danly Christopher R. , Wilde Carl H. , Saavedra Gary J. , Freeman Matthew S. , Fatherley Valerie E. , Mendoza Emily F. , Tafoya Landon R. , Volegov Petr L. , Fittinghoff David N. , Rubery Michael
Published: September 2024

The nuclear imaging system has been capturing neutron images of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) driven implosions for over a decade at the National Ignition Facility. This imaging system has evolved from one to three nearly orthogonal lines-of-sight, allowing for the study of three-dimensional shape characteristics of ignition shots. Limited-view tomography algorithms help visualize the burning hotspot in 3D and assess neutron source geometry using Legendre mode parameters. With its neutron, gamma-ray, and x-ray image reconstruction capabilities, NIS has provided critical insight into mechanisms that have limited implosion performance, such as fill tube diameter for ignition-type targets. This comprehensive diagnostic suite opens a window into the shape characteristics of ignition shots and how symmetry affects ICF implosion performance. In more recent ignition shots, neutron yields have visibly increased. Analyzing the shape and size of the reconstructed neutron source has shown an expansion of the burn volume, which is indicative of more efficient alpha heating during the implosion process.
GW with hybrid functionals for large molecular systems
Authors: Allen Tucker , Nguyen Minh , Neuhauser Daniel
Published: September 2024

A low-cost approach for stochastically sampling static exchange during time-dependent Hartree–Fock-type propagation is presented. This enables the use of an excellent hybrid density functional theory (DFT) starting point for stochastic GW quasiparticle energy calculations. Generalized Kohn–Sham molecular orbitals and energies, rather than those of a local-DFT calculation, are used for building the Green function and effective Coulomb interaction. The use of an optimally tuned hybrid diminishes the starting point dependency in one-shot stochastic GW, effectively avoiding the need for self-consistent GW iterations.
Abnormal suppression of thermal transport by long-range interactions in networks
Authors: Xiong Kezhao , Liu Yuqi
Published: September 2024

Heat and electricity are two fundamental forms of energy widely utilized in our daily lives. Recently, in the study of complex networks, there is growing evidence that they behave significantly different at the micro-nanoscale. Here, we use a small-world network model to investigate the effects of reconnection probability p and decay exponent α on thermal and electrical transport within the network. Our results demonstrate that the electrical transport efficiency increases by nearly one order of magnitude, while the thermal transport efficiency falls off a cliff by three to four orders of magnitude, breaking the traditional rule that shortcuts enhance energy transport in small-world networks. Furthermore, we elucidate that phonon localization is a crucial factor in the weakening of thermal transport efficiency in small-world networks by characterizing the density of states, phonon participation ratio, and nearest-neighbor spacing distribution. These insights will pave new ways for designing thermoelectric materials with high electrical conductance and low thermal conductance.
Fractal information dissemination and clustering evolution on social hypernetwork
Authors: Luo Li , Nian Fuzhong , Cui Yuanlin , Li Fangfang
Published: September 2024

The complexity of systems stems from the richness of the group interactions among their units. Classical networks exhibit identified limits in the study of complex systems, where links connect pairs of nodes, inability to comprehensively describe higher-order interactions in networks. Higher-order networks can enhance modeling capacities of group interaction networks and help understand and predict network dynamical behavior. This paper constructs a social hypernetwork with a group structure by analyzing a community overlapping structure and a network iterative relationship, and the overlapping relationship between communities is logically separated. Considering the different group behavior pattern and attention focus, we defined the group cognitive disparity, group credibility, group cohesion index, hyperedge strength to study the relationship between information dissemination and network evolution. This study shows that groups can alter the connected network through information propagation, and users in social networks tend to form highly connected groups or communities in information dissemination. Propagation networks with high clustering coefficients promote the fractal information dissemination, which in itself drives the fractal evolution of groups within the network. This study emphasizes the significant role of “key groups” with overlapping structures among communities in group network propagation. Real cases provide evidence for the clustering phenomenon and fractal evolution of networks.
Modeling the diffusion and depletion capacitances of a silicon pn diode in forward bias with impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Casolaro P. , Izzo V. , Giusi G. , Wyrsch N. , Aloisio A.
Published: September 2024

We investigated the capacitance of a forward-biased silicon pn diode using impedance spectroscopy. Despite extensive research spanning decades, no single model in the literature adequately describes the impedance behavior for bias up to the built-in voltage. By employing the 1N4007 diode as a case study, we analyzed the impedance over a wide frequency range, from 1 Hz to 1 MHz. Our analysis reveals that impedance can be effectively studied by combining two models. In both models, the depletion capacitance is assumed to be an ideal capacitor with a value independent of frequency. One model accounts for diffusion processes, while the other addresses interfacial effects, as well as potential and capacitance distributions across the junction. This approach offers valuable insights into the complex capacitance behavior of pn junctions as a function of the bias voltage. Measurements of depletion and diffusion capacitances, as well as of the diode transit time can be achieved from a set of impedance spectroscopy data.
Q&A: Tareq Abu Hamed champions environmental cooperation in the Middle East
Authors: Feder Toni
Published: September 2024

The Palestinian director of a research institute in Israel uses dialog and science diplomacy to tackle regional challenges related to water, energy, climate adaptation, and more.
Unraveling the genomic diversity and admixture history of captive tigers in the United States
Authors: Armstrong Ellie E. , Mooney Jazlyn A. , Solari Katherine A. , Kim Bernard Y. , Barsh Gregory S. , Grant Victoria B. , Greenbaum Gili , Kaelin Christopher B. , Panchenko Katya , Pickrell Joseph K. , Rosenberg Noah , Ryder Oliver A. , Yokoyama Tsuya , Ramakrishnan Uma , Petrov Dmitri A. , Hadly Elizabeth A.
Published: September 2024

Genomic studies of endangered species have primarily focused on describing diversity patterns and resolving phylogenetic relationships, with the overarching goal of informing conservation efforts. However, few studies have investigated genomic diversity housed in captive populations. For tigers (
Panthera tigris
), captive individuals vastly outnumber those in the wild, but their diversity remains largely unexplored. Privately owned captive tiger populations have remained an enigma in the conservation community, with some believing that these individuals are severely inbred, while others believe they may be a source of now-extinct diversity. Here, we present a large-scale genetic study of the private (non-zoo) captive tiger population in the United States, also known as “Generic” tigers. We find that the Generic tiger population has an admixture fingerprint comprising all six extant wild tiger subspecies. Of the 138 Generic individuals sequenced for the purpose of this study, no individual had ancestry from only one subspecies. We show that the Generic tiger population has a comparable amount of genetic diversity relative to most wild subspecies, few private variants, and fewer deleterious mutations. We observe inbreeding coefficients similar to wild populations, although there are some individuals within both the Generic and wild populations that are substantially inbred. Additionally, we develop a reference panel for tigers that can be used with imputation to accurately distinguish individuals and assign ancestry with ultralow coverage (0.25×) data. By providing a cost-effective alternative to whole-genome sequencing (WGS), the reference panel provides a resource to assist in tiger conservation efforts for both ex- and in situ populations.
上古漢語不及物動詞用為使動之條件與限制
Authors: Wei Pei-chuan
Published: September 2024

抽象的

上古漢語的不及物動詞有使動用法的相當多，然而不論是不及物動詞用為使動的狀況，還是其用為使動的條件與限制，都還是有待釐清的，本文即是針對這些問題來進行探討。本文一方面對不及物動詞用為使動式的狀況給與了一個精要的描述，另一方面則從動詞與論元的屬性、句法的限制等幾點來探討不及物動詞在產製使動式上是依憑怎樣的條件與限制。本文還對上古漢語的使動式和表示致使的「使…V」式進行了比較，指出了二者間之異同。
International players’ perceptions of localization in their gameplay experiences
Authors: Hsu Hao , O’Hagan Minako
Published: September 2024

Game localization is the complex industrial process of adapting digital games linguistically, culturally and technically, seeking to deliver a gameplay experience as close as possible to that of the original. Guided by Livingston’s (2018) Review Analysis methodology combined with thematic analysis, we tap into user reviews
of the Taiwanese game Detention (Red Candle Games 2017) in Simplified
Chinese, English and Japanese, to gauge and compare player experiences in relation to localization, and explore the scope of
review data for player-focused game localization research. Our qualitative analysis implicates culturalization as an impactful
underlying factor in shaping the gameplay experience, for which translation issues remain opaque. As long as certain limitations
are acknowledged, real-world data such as Steam user reviews provide an alternative source that is high in ecological validity,
offering promising scope for future player-focused game localization research towards enriching the international dimension of
Games User Research.
Surface tension–driven sorting of human perilipins on lipid droplets
Authors: Dias Araújo Ana Rita , Bello Abdoul Akim , Bigay Joëlle , Franckhauser Céline , Gautier Romain , Cazareth Julie , Kovács Dávid , Brau Frédéric , Fuggetta Nicolas , Čopič Alenka , Antonny Bruno
Published: September 2024

Perilipins (PLINs), the most abundant proteins on lipid droplets (LDs), display similar domain organization including amphipathic helices (AH). However, the five human PLINs bind different LDs, suggesting different modes of interaction. We established a minimal system whereby artificial LDs covered with defined polar lipids were transiently deformed to promote surface tension. Binding of purified PLIN3 and PLIN4 AH was strongly facilitated by tension but was poorly sensitive to phospholipid composition and to the presence of diacylglycerol. Accordingly, LD coverage by PLIN3 increased as phospholipid coverage decreased. In contrast, PLIN1 bound readily to LDs fully covered by phospholipids; PLIN2 showed an intermediate behavior between PLIN1 and PLIN3. In human adipocytes, PLIN3/4 were found in a soluble pool and relocated to LDs upon stimulation of fast triglyceride synthesis, whereas PLIN1 and PLIN2 localized to pre-existing LDs, consistent with the large difference in LD avidity observed in vitro. We conclude that the PLIN repertoire is adapted to handling LDs with different surface properties.
Targeting TNF/TNFR superfamilies in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases
Authors: Veerasubramanian Praveen Krishna , Wynn Thomas A. , Quan Jie , Karlsson Fridrik J.
Published: September 2024

Dysregulated signaling from TNF and TNFR proteins is implicated in several immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). This review centers around seven IMIDs (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and asthma) with substantial unmet medical needs and sheds light on the signaling mechanisms, disease relevance, and evolving drug development activities for five TNF/TNFR signaling axes that garner substantial drug development interest in these focus conditions. The review also explores the current landscape of therapeutics, emphasizing the limitations of the approved biologics, and the opportunities presented by small-molecule inhibitors and combination antagonists of TNF/TNFR signaling.
Design and fabrication of lithium niobate asymmetrical mode resonators toward C-band and Ku-band
Authors: Zhao Jicong , Sun Xinyi , Zhang Aoyu , Cao Yi , Lv Shitao , Sun Haiyan , Shi Quan
Published: September 2024

This work presents a laterally excited bulk wave resonator (XBAR) based on the suspended Z-cut lithium niobate thin film. In order to systematically analyze the influence of geometric structure on the performance of resonators, including electromechanical coupling coefficient (kt

2) and quality factor (Q), the pitch of inter-digital transducers and lateral reflective boundary width (D) were optimized via finite element analysis simulation. Besides, the XBARs with the broadband piston mode structure (BPM-XBAR) were further studied, and the transverse displacement was weakened after optimization, hence enhancing the Q value of the targeted mode. Consequently, the fabricated devices exhibited first order asymmetrical (A1) mode resonance at 5.87 GHz with kt

2 of 12.98% and Q of 218, a nearly 70% increase in Q value. The third order asymmetrical (A3) mode resonance occurred at 17.18 GHz with kt

2 of 7.91%. The above devices have the potential to construct large bandwidth and low loss filters toward the C-band and Ku-band.
MobilenetV2-RC: a lightweight network model for retinopathy classification in retinal OCT images
Authors: Yang Ben , Zhang Zhifeng , Yang Peng , Zhai Yusheng , Zhao Zeming , Zhang Lin , Zhang Ruiliang , Geng Lijie , Ouyang Yuchen , Yang Kun , Jiang Liying , Kuang Cuifang
Published: September 2024

Retinopathy is an important ophthalmic disease that causes blindness in the elderly population. As the global elderly demographic expands, the importance of the efficient ophthalmic healthcare system for pre-diagnosis cannot be overstated. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is considered the gold standard for ophthalmic treatment and diagnosis. OCT technologies and equipment continue to develop towards the intelligence and convenience for requirements of rapid diagnosis in the remote and poverty-stricken areas. Here, we proposed an improved MobilenetV2 lightweight model for retinopathy classification (MobilenetV2-RC), which incorporates spatial and channel reconstruction convolution and the improved convolutional block attention module attention mechanism into the framework. Not only can it effectively limit feature redundancy to reduce model parameters, but also enhance the ability of feature representation to improve classification accuracy. The parameters of the proposed model are only 1.96 M with an overall accuracy of 98.96%, which is higher 3.32% than the original MobilenetV2. Compared with ResNet18, InceptionV3, and VGG16_BN, the overall accuracy is increased by 4.6%, 6.3%, and 3.9%, respectively. The test results of UCSD and Duke open-source datasets are more remarkable. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm has strong reliability and generalization for the accurate classification of retinopathy, and a greater application prospect in the intelligent diagnosis of ophthalmology and mobile detection terminals.
A novel method to evaluate insulation performance of SF6 alternative gases based on modified GIPF-Local properties model
Authors: Hai Bin , Wang Feng , Zhong Lipneng , Chen She , Liang Kaibin , Tang Nian , Li Li
Published: September 2024

The development of structure-activity relationships emerges as a crucial strategy to establish the correlations between molecular micro-parameters and the macroscopic dielectric strength, thus markedly improving the gases screening efficiency. However, conventional prediction approaches have failed to characterize the molecule electronegativity accurately, resulting in inadequate prediction precision within extensive gas databases. To address this limitation, we have devised an insulation prediction method that incorporates corrections based on molecular local properties, including local ionization energy and local electron affinity. They enable us to determine both the electron acceptance and donation capacity of the whole molecular orbital electron cloud: a more accuracy assessment of electronegativity. Compared with previous method, our enhanced approach combined local properties with structural and general interaction properties function (GIPF) parameters. It has yielded substantial improvements based on an extensive database comprising 91 gases, as evidenced by an increase in the correlation coefficient from 0.848 to 0.969. Utilizing the modified GIPF-Local properties model, over ten potential gases were found and categorized according to their application. This innovative screening strategy provides crucial insights for exploration and design of new eco-friendly gases as substitute for SF6 used in high-voltage power equipment.
Optimized graphene metamaterial for dual plasmon-induced transparency in terahertz band with multifunctional applications
Authors: Chai Jinyuan , Lin Zefan , Kang Guoguo
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes a patterned graphene periodic metamaterial structure, optimized using an improved genetic algorithm to adjust the position and size of each graphene strip, thereby achieving dual plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) effects in the terahertz band, resulting in extraordinary multifunctionality. The finite difference time domain method is employed to obtain the transmission spectrum, and coupled mode theory is used for theoretical analysis and verification of the dual-PIT effect. The structure exhibits multifunctionality: when used as a photoelectric switch, it achieves a modulation depth of up to 99.04% with an insertion loss as low as 0.16 dB by tuning the Fermi level. Additionally, the structure demonstrates excellent sensing performance, with a maximum sensitivity and figure of merit reaching 0.84 THz/RIU and 88.55, respectively. Furthermore, the slow light performance of the structure is investigated, showing a group delay of up to 0.5 picoseconds.
Carrier scattering and temperature characteristics of mobility and resistivity of Fe-doped GaN
Authors: Tian Liqiang , Pan Yike , Zhang Chao , Wang Nannan , Shi Wei , Li Cunxia
Published: September 2024

The electron mobility and dark resistivity of Fe-doped semi-insulating GaN (GaN:Fe) are calculated over the temperature range from 10 K to 500 K by considering the impurities compensation mechanism and majority carrier scattering. The temperature characteristic curve of the mobility exhibits unimodality and the curve of resistivity decreases monotonically with rising temperature. The carrier scatterings induced by ionized impurities, acoustic deformation potential, piezoelectric, and polar optical phonons are analysed. It is found that the mobility is determined by ionized impurity scattering, piezoelectric scattering, and polar optical phonon scattering in different temperature ranges, and the contribution of acoustic deformation potential scattering is negligible over the entire temperature range. Furthermore, the effects of concentrations of shallow donors and deep acceptors on the temperature characteristic curves of mobility and resistivity, the peak mobility and its corresponding temperature (peak temperature), and the mobility and resistivity at room temperature are discussed. Our simulation shows the calculation results agree very well with the reported experimental and theoretical results when the Fe-related level is selected as 0.58 eV below the conduction band edge. Understanding of thermal properties of dark resistivity and mobility can be useful for optimizing GaN:Fe-based electronic and photonic devices performance in different temperature regimes.
Dual-grating single-shot pump–probe technique
Authors: Yu Tianchen , Yang Junyi , Zhou Wenfa , Li Zhongguo , Wu Xingzhi , Fang Yu , Yang Yong , Song Yinglin
Published: September 2024

A simple and effective single-shot pump–probe technique is reported for studying ultrafast dynamic processes in various materials. Using only two commercial gratings, a large time window of ∼95.58 ps is spatially encoded in a single probe pulse, and single-shot time-resolved measurements are implemented. The time window in this single-shot pump–probe technique exceeds the maximum values in those reported works using the echelon or angle beam encoding strategy. The phase difference difficulty in the echelon encoding strategies is also overcome in our method, where a customized echelon is not necessary. The ultrafast dynamic processes of ZnSe and indolium squaraine (ISQ) at a wavelength of 650 nm were investigated using this technique for validation. The single-shot dynamics of ZnSe show an ultrafast two-photon absorption process followed by a weaker slow-recovery carrier absorption process. In the ISQ, a strong ground-state bleaching process is also observed. The transmittance of ISQ increases significantly after impulsive light excitation and maintains a slow increase until a time delay of ∼80 ps, which can be attributed to the transition from the Sn
state to the S
1 state. In addition, a comparison with the previously reported single-shot pump–probe technique highlights the advantages of our technique.
Two-dimensional tetragonal carbon nitride semiconductors with fascinating electronic/optical properties and low thermal conductivity
Authors: Tan Rui , Ouyang Yulou , Li Longhui , Zeng Yujia , Tang Zhenkun , Zhang Zhongwei , Chen Jie
Published: September 2024

Exploring two-dimensional (2D) tetragonal carbon nitride materials is significant for unlocking new physical properties beyond those offered by traditional hexagonal lattices. In this work, we propose three theoretically stable 2D carbon nitride monolayers with tetragonal lattices, namely T-C3N, P-C3N, and PH-C5N4. Electronic structure calculations indicate that all three monolayers exhibit semiconducting characteristics, with T-C3N showing interesting flat band features. Additionally, these three carbon nitrides exhibit anisotropic and high carrier mobilities and excellent light absorption capabilities in the visible-light and near-infrared regions. Meanwhile, the calculated thermal conductivity (

κ
p

) of PH-C5N4 is 63.9 W m−1K−1 at room temperature, significantly outperforming T-C3N (12.2 W m−1 K−1) and P-C3N (18.9 W m−1 K−1). Phonon scattering rates and Grüneisen parameters confirm the origin for the relatively high

κ
p

in PH-C5N4. Our study proposes three tetragonal carbon nitride structures with novel physical properties, which lays a theoretical foundation for the multifunctional applications of 2D carbon nitride materials.
Metal-only anisotropic impedance holographic metasurface
Authors: Meng Xiangshuai , Zhang Haoyu , Wu Tao , Wang Yujie , Li Yu , Ran Lei , Zhang Anxue , Chen Xiaoming
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a kind of metal-only anisotropic impedance holographic metasurfaces made up of periodic wavelength size-variable meta-atoms. The proposed meta-atom has only two metal layers, i.e. a upper patterned layer carved with cylindrical hollows connecting by a narrow metal cuboid, and a lower grounded layer. The two metal layers are separated by an air gap. The anisotropy of this tensor impedance meta-atom can be skillfully realized by simultaneously controlling the radius of cylindrical hollows and the orientation angle of the narrow metal cuboid. The relationship between the geometrical parameters of the meta-atoms arranged in different positions and the impedance strips with alternating light and shade can be directly mapped based on the integration of the holographic theory and the leaky-wave principle. For proof of concept, two metal-only anisotropic impedance holographic metasurfaces are applied to design linearly polarized broadside pencil beam and dual linearly polarized pencil beams with different radiation angles in the C-band. There is good consistency between the measurements and the simulated results. The satisfactory performance and ultralow profile metal-only structure with reduced fabrication complexity/cost make this proposed design a competitive candidate for space applications.
An improved similarity-based RUL prediction method considering degradation degree of multiple condition monitoring parameters for aero-engines
Authors: Peng Chong , Sun Youchao , Su Siyu , Guo Chaochao
Published: September 2024

The aero-engine is the heart of an airplane. Predicting the remaining useful lifetime (RUL) of an aero-engine bears great significance, not only for improving the reliability and safety of the aero-engine but also for ensuring aircraft safety and performance. However, both issues, namely the selection of uncorrelated parameters for RUL estimation and the lack of a standard theoretical methodology for Health Index (HI) construction, inevitably impact the prediction accuracy. Here, we proposed an improved similarity-based RUL prediction method considering the degradation degree of multiple condition monitoring parameters for aero-engines. This method includes the improved minimum-redundancy maximum-relevancy approach for the quantitative selection of key parameters, and the similarity matching approach which takes into account the degradation degree of multiple parameters instead of constructing HI. The effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated on turbine engine datasets. Experimental results show that (1) compared with other feature selection methods, the root mean square error (RMSE) of the proposed method is reduced by 12.3%; (2) compared with other RUL prediction methods, the RMSE of the proposed method is smaller than most methods but without a complicated training process. The results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves highly competitive prediction performance. By employing the proposed method, it is possible to significantly reduce the risk of engine failures, thereby improving safety and economic efficiency.
NIM–TTL and TTL–NIM converters for single particle pulse counting experiments
Authors: Murray Andrew James , Harvey Matthew
Published: September 2024

Low-cost interface circuits are detailed that convert negative-going NIM signals to TTL and TTL to NIM, using high-speed digital and analogue components to convert between formats. By converting NIM pulses derived from single particle detectors to TTL logic, the large suite of TTL compatible devices available to manipulate, control and measure TTL signals can be exploited. Conversion of TTL pulses to NIM allows them to be used to trigger timing events, e.g. in time of flight measurements and coincidence studies. Examples using these techniques are presented.
STAKgram: a method for optimal demodulation band selection in bearing fault diagnosis under complex interference
Authors: Jia Min , Wang Jinrui , Zhang Zongzhen , Han Baokun , Bao Huaiqian , Wang Yangchao
Published: September 2024

Within rotating machinery, bearings constitute critical and vulnerable components. When they operate in a compromised state, they generate periodic shock pulses. While spectral kurtosis (SK) has been demonstrated as an effective tool for pulse detection, in complex operating environments, the vibration signals of damaged bearings acquired through sensors often contain a variety of interfering pulses, such as ambient background noise, episodic single pulses, which cause SK to produce poor computational results. In this paper, an innovative bearing fault diagnostic method named subband trimmed average kurtogram (STAKgram) is proposed, aiming to minimize the effect of interfering signals on signal processing results, thus ensuring reliable diagnostic results even in complex interference environments. Firstly, the signal is segmented into

N

sub-signals by employing a sliding window method. Following, the subband kurtosis is calculated for every sub-signal. Ultimately, the trimmed average kurtosis of the respective sub-band is computed to construct the STAKgram, indicating the optimal demodulation frequency band. It is used for squared envelope demodulation analysis. By simulation analysis and the application of test signals obtained under conditions closely resembling authentic bearing operating conditions, the STAKgram method is proven to provide more accurate results for diagnosing bearing faults in complex interference.