bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ADVANCES IN FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FOR THE EVALUATION OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES
Authors: Pedro do Valle Varela João , De Sousa Martins Kerlen , Borem Camargos Alice , Pinheiro Amantéa Vilela Júlia , Luisa Araujo Lopes Maria , Brito Teixeira Izabel , Ricardo Moreira de Oliveira Carriço Hamilton , Carrara Folly Valente Jaqueline , Cunha Daruich Tannus Ciro , Larissa Morozewsky Costa Isadora , Resende Carletti Enrico , Freire Andrade Rodney , Victor Elias Sobrinho Paulo , Machado dos Reis Yago , Rebonato de Souza Ribeiro Beatriz , De Oliveira Gualandi Wanessa
Published: February 2025

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become an indispensable tool in the research and clinical assessment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Its ability to map changes in cerebral blood flow associated with neuronal activity provides insights into the mechanisms underlying these diseases, allowing for advances in diagnosis and monitoring. This paper aims to analyze recent advances in the application of fMRI in the assessment of neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting its usefulness in early detection, monitoring disease progression and evaluating therapeutic responses. The literature review explores the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the study of neurodegenerative diseases, addressing technical advances, biomarkers based on functional connectivity, and deep learning applications. The analysis includes studies on Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, multiple sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia, with a focus on diagnosis, disease progression and potential therapies. Advances in fMRI, such as resting-state functional connectivity and machine learning-based analysis, have made it possible to identify specific patterns of altered brain connectivity associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies show that fMRI can detect subtle changes in the early stages of these conditions, enabling early interventions. In addition, the use of standardized protocols and the integration of fMRI with other modalities, such as PET and EEG, have improved diagnostic accuracy and provided a comprehensive view of brain alterations. Therefore, fMRI represents one of the most promising technologies for understanding and managing neurodegenerative diseases. Its technical and methodological advances are expanding its application, from early diagnosis to the evaluation of personalized therapies. However, challenges such as inter-individual variability and high costs still need to be overcome for this technology to be widely incorporated into clinical practice.
Digitalization of Accounting Practices and Financial Reporting Quality: The Experience of Professional Accountants in Nigeria
Authors: Abdullahi Mohammed Ndakutigi  , Ejike Sunday Okoroigwe
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the effect of digitalization of accounting practices on financial reporting quality in Nigeria. A web-based self-completing questionnaire (Google form) was used to gather primary data from a sample of 372 registered and active members of Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) and the Association of National Accountants of Nigeria (ANAN). A survey research methodology was used. A total of 352 completed questionnaires were utilised for analysis. Software such as SPSS and SPSS AMOS were used to analyse the data. The findings showed that artificial intelligence significantly and favourably affects the quality of financial reporting.  On the other hand, the study shows that blockchain technology has negative and insignificant impact on quality of financial reporting in Nigeria. This implies that in order for accountants to remain relevant in the accounting profession they must urgently abreast themselves with these emerging technologies. The paper recommends that entity managers should give top priority to implementing and incorporating of cutting-edge digital technology, such as artificial intelligence, into their accounting procedures. Accounting professionals are also encouraged to keep up with the latest developments in digital tools and technologies that can improve the quality of their work and financial reporting. Policymakers should create and enforce rules and regulations that promote the use of digital tools and technologies in accounting practices.  Finally, stakeholders should continue to be receptive to the possibilities of block chain technology and stay up to date on any advancement that may affect its usefulness in financial reporting.
Socio-Economic Impacts and Challenges of Electrifying Remote Rural Areas in Tanzania Using a Mini-Grid System
Authors: Rose Sadiki Lyimo
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the socio-economic impacts and challenges of electrifying remote rural areas in Tanzania using mini-grid systems, focusing on the Kuruti Island project in the Pwani Region. Renewable energy-based mini-grids, particularly solar-powered systems, offer a viable solution to improve energy access in off-grid communities. The study reveals significant socio-economic benefits, including enhanced livelihoods, local business growth, improved healthcare and education services, and increased productivity, especially in the fishing industry. However, challenges such as affordability, long-term system maintenance, and limited technical capacity persist. Key policy recommendations include the need for flexible payment schemes, community engagement, hybrid energy solutions, and ongoing technical training to ensure sustainability. Additionally, the paper suggests future research into innovative financing models, scaling of mini-grid projects, and productive energy uses to drive rural development. The Kuruti Island case study provides practical lessons for similar electrification efforts in Tanzania and other developing regions, emphasizing the importance of tailored energy solutions that meet local socio-economic needs.
Advances on the Applications of Nanostructured Composites Zinc Oxide (Zno) in Solar Energy Devices, And Photocatalysis: A Review
Authors: O. Eji Marius , Ogbonnaya Okorie Chinagorom
Published: February 2025

Due to global efforts to achieve energy sustainability, researchers across the world are interested in new materials that can improve energy generation and storage, especially through the application of metal oxides. This review focuses on the recent advances in the applications of composite nanostructured ZnO in solar energy devices, and photocatalysis. Different solar energy generation and storage devices (dye-sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells, lithium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors) were studied. Among other metal oxides, the vast potential application of nanostructured ZnO in solar energy devices is due to its excellent bandgap energy, high level of electron mobility, measurable room-temperature, luminescence, low cost and non-toxicity. High theoretical capacity of ZnO makes it an outstanding material for fabrication of lithium-ion batteries. More so, the biocompatible, and environmentally friendly properties of ZnO enable it to have favorable applications in photocatalysis. Understanding the method of synthesizing ZnO nanostructures is important to optimize its applications in different areas; hence we briefly explained a few synthesis methods. Specifically, we discussed chemical vapor deposition, chemical bath deposition, electrodeposition, and hydrothermal methods. Though we suggested in this review that the gas phase method works better. This is because it produces layers and nanostructures of the best quality and device heterostructure, but it is expensive and requires high knowledge to operate. A table showing the pros and cons of all the methods discussed was presented to help researchers to decide on the method to use when synthesizing ZnO nanostructures. But regardless of the method used, the nature of ZnO nanostructures formed depends on the deposition temperature.
Determinant of Loan Repayment Performance among Smallholder Vegetable Farmer Cooperators in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Kate Okonkwo-Emegha , Emmanuel Umebali Ejike , Josephine Obiekwe, Ngozi
Published: February 2025

The paper examined the determinants of loan repayment performance among smallholder vegetable farmer cooperators in Anambra State, Nigeria. A total of 320 respondents were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique from two agricultural zones and eight local government areas of the State. Data collected through structured questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics, loan repayment index, and multiple regression analysis. It was revealed that majority (81.6%) were female, average age of the cooperators were 42 years and mainly 60.00% were married. The results revealed that (68.4%) of the farmers were within the range of a moderate repayment performance, between 50% – 90%, while 31.9% of the co-operators achieved a repayment rate of 50-70%. The loan mean amount repaid were ₦399,025.16. The significant factors which determine the repayment of loan were level of education (coeff = 0.065; p = 0.001), farming experience (coeff = 0.015; p = 0.013), income level of the household head (coeff = 0.098; p = 0.001), loan amount received (coeff = -0.045; p = 0.013), and interest rate (coeff = -0.070; p = 0.002). Major constraints identified included high cost of farm inputs (mean = 4.12), unfavourable weather conditions (mean = 3.90), and unstable market prices (mean = 3.75). The study recommended that by improving these and other binding constraints and enhancing the institutional support mechanisms, loan repayment performance among farmers would be improved.
Influence of Lean Logistics to Reduce Logistics Costs in A Pharmaceutical Company, Lima
Authors: Chuque Yoni Delgado , Flores Bazan Maria Isabel , Maza Chumpitaz Angela Giovana , Campos Vasquez Neicer
Published: February 2025

The main objective is to analyze and propose an improvement of the storage area of pharmaceutical products for a pharmaceutical company through the use of the Lean Logistic philosophy, to reduce logistics costs, in Lima. A general diagnosis of the inventory process was carried out in a pharmaceutical company focusing on the analysis of the storage area (critical area). Identifying the diagnosis, the problems and their evidence were analyzed in order to propose a proposal that can be executed in the short and medium term. Engineering techniques such as flowcharts and Pareto charts will be applied to determine the impact of these issues on productivity with the JIT system and Heijunka. Finally, with the information obtained, the results will be presented with quantitative methods to corroborate the results, when implementing the heijunka methodology, it was possible to reduce from 49.30% to 21.62% in the waiting times for the delivery of a product. By applying the JIT methodology, warehouse accuracy was increased from 80.467% to 99.49% and inventory turnover was drastically increased from 2.67 times to 23.34 times.
Urban Green Spaces: An Analysis of Evolution in Romania’s Regions
Authors: STANCIU Silvius , MANOLACHE Simona Beatrice , PILA Mihaela
Published: February 2025

The paper presents an analysis of urban green spaces in Romania. The documentation involved the use of open-access articles available on Google Scholar, RG, and Clarivate. To gather the necessary research data, information from the National Institute of Statistics was utilized. The research results indicate that the evolution of urban green spaces in Romania over recent decades reflects both significant progress and ongoing challenges. In cities such as Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, and Timișoara, investments have been made in expanding and revitalizing existing parks, creating green corridors, and promoting community gardens and green roofs, leading to a notable increase in green areas. However, in many localities, these advances are constrained by high population density, rapid urban infrastructure development, and a lack of coherent and well-funded environmental policies. Overall, although there is growing awareness of the importance of green spaces for public health and community well-being, many cities still face difficulties in maintaining and expanding these areas.
Model Risk of Bucketing Banks Based on Systemic Risk Measures Using K-Means
Authors: PASIECZNA-DIXIT Aleksandra , SIUDA Krzysztof , DIXIT Anant
Published: February 2025

Systemic risk measures (SRMs) are designed to quantify a financial institution’s contribution to overall financial systemic stress. Regulatory bodies use these measures to cluster banks with similar risk profiles, applying appropriate tools for managing systemic stress. This clustering approach is emulated using k-means algorithm on three SRMs: market capitalization, marginal expected shortfall, and delta conditional value at risk. By adjusting SRM estimation parameters within Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, model risk is estimated as a function of the clustering agreement from the k-means algorithm outcomes. Depending on the chosen thresholds for model risk, our results indicate considerable model risk in the bucketing method, with little reliable agreement based on three different agreement metrics. The main aim of this paper is to estimate three aforementioned SRMs using 12 different combinations of Monte Carlo simulation parameters with the intention of assessing model risk with Krippendorff’s alpha of the k-means based bucketing algorithm that uses the three SRMs to allocate a risk bucket to the banks.
EXPERIMENTAL PERANAN MEDAN MAGNET PADA PEMBAKARAN PREMIX CAMPURAN BIODIESEL JELANTAH – MINYAK KELAPA TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK API DAN EMISI GAS BUANG
Authors: Subagyo Subagyo , Wijaya Dani Rizky
Published: February 2025

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui AFR, temperatur, emisi, tinggi nyala api pembakaran premixed dengan bahan bakar blending biodiesel jelantah – minyak kelapa. Persediaan minyak bumi yang semakin menipis karena pembaharuan minyak bumi berbahan fosil memerlukan waktu jutaan tahun. Indonesia memiliki banyak tumbuhan penghasil  minyak nabati, yang merupakan  alternatif bahan bakar yang dapat dimanfaatkan. Pada penelitian ini  menggunakan metode premixed combustion dengan variasi medan magnet dengan bahan bakar blending biodiesel jelantah – minyak kelapa, thermocouple Tipe - K digunakan untuk mengukur suhu, gambar nyala api diambil menggunakan high speed kamera Cannon 600D. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan temperatur tertinggi dihasilkan oleh variasi B70 medan magnet tarik dengan suhu 795?C  disusul dengan variasi B40 medan magnet tolak dengan temperatur 471?C. evolusi nyala api yang paling lama dihasilkan oleh medan magnet tolak campran B70, sedangkan tinggi nyala api tertinggi dihasilkan oleh B40 medan magnet tolak dengan tinggi 69,32 mm lalu diikuti oleh pembakaran dengan variasi B40 medan magnet tarik yang mencapai ketinggian 37,92 mm, sedangkan emisi NOX terendah dihasilkan oleh B40 medan magnet tolak dengan nilai sebesar 128 PPM.
CIRROSE HEPÁTICA E SUAS COMPLICAÇÕES: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DA LITERATURA
Authors: Domingues Patrícia Carla de Sá Stanesco Batuli Proence , Ribeiro Wanderson Alves , Dias Tatiana Chiabai de Carvalho , Barbosa Evelyn da Conceição , Teixeira Gabriela de Lana , Gama Monique Paula
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Descrever o que é a Cirrose Hepática e quais são suas complicações, enfatizando que o diagnóstico precoce pode auxiliar a preveni-las. Metodologia: A seleção de artigos foi realizada na base de dados PubMed, Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO) e Biblioteca Virtual em saúde (BVS). Resultado: Foram encontrados 50 artigos, ao final foram utilizados 15 artigos para a discussão, concentrados entre 2018 e 2023. Os autores dos estudos evidenciaram que a melhor forma de acabar com a doença é investir na prevenção da mesma, evitando que casos graves e complicações da Cirrose Hepática. Conclusão: O tratamento de complicações avançadas da cirrose, como a insuficiência hepática e o câncer de fígado, é extremamente custoso e consome muitos recursos de saúde. Ao promover o diagnóstico precoce e a prevenção, é possível reduzir esses custos substanciais, alocando recursos de maneira mais eficiente e melhorando a sustentabilidade dos sistemas de saúde.
DRAMA DA HONRA: ANÁLISE DE CASA DE PENSÃO DE ALUÍSIO AZEVEDO E A QUESTÃO CAPISTRANO
Authors: Prechlak Gabriel Antônio , Viana Kelly Cristina Benjamim
Published: February 2025

O estudo analisa o romance Casa de Pensão, de Aluísio Azevedo, publicado em 1883, que se inspirou em um crime de grande repercussão ocorrido no Rio de Janeiro em 1876: o assassinato de João Capistrano da Cunha por Alexandre Pereira. O crime, amplamente explorado pela imprensa da época, envolvia questões como honra, sedução e defloramento. O objetivo do artigo é compreender a relação entre a obra de Azevedo e o caso real, analisando tanto o romance quanto a narrativa jornalística da "Questão Capistrano", com base em jornais e revistas fluminenses publicados entre 1876 e 1884. Além disso, o estudo incorpora contribuições importantíssimas de autoras como Lillian Fessler Vaz e Ana Gomes Porto. A pesquisa também destaca as discussões em torno da honra feminina, da participação estudantil e da legitimidade do assassinato na imprensa do final do século XIX, ao mesmo tempo em que retrata a crise habitacional e social vivida pelo Rio de Janeiro naquele período.
FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES E A IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE PRÁTICAS REFLEXIVAS NO ENSINO
Authors: Bueno Edinéia , Santos Queila Pereira , Alves Edsangela Gosler Casciano , Araujo Cláudia Lima de , Freitas Eliene Barbosa do Nascimento de , Ribeiro Hellen Maura Lucidia , Coutinho Diógenes José Gusmão
Published: February 2025

A formação de professores e a implementação de práticas reflexivas no ensino são fundamentais para o aprimoramento da qualidade educacional. Este processo visa promover a capacitação dos docentes para que estes possam refletir sobre suas práticas pedagógicas e desenvolver uma atuação mais crítica e adaptada às necessidades dos alunos. O objetivo principal é estimular a autocrítica e o crescimento profissional, incentivando os professores a se tornarem agentes de transformação no contexto escolar. A justificativa para a adoção das práticas reflexivas está na necessidade de os professores se posicionarem de forma consciente diante das demandas educacionais contemporâneas. A reflexão contínua permite que os educadores analisem suas ações e decisões, ajustando-as conforme a realidade das salas de aula. A metodologia utilizada para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho inclui a análise de estudos de caso, entrevistas com professores e a implementação de atividades que estimulam a reflexão, como diários pedagógicos e grupos de discussão. Dentre os autores que fundamentam este estudo, destacam-se Schön (1983), que apresenta a reflexão na ação como ferramenta essencial para o desenvolvimento profissional, e Pimenta (2002), que enfatiza a importância da formação continuada. Outros autores importantes são Tardif (2002) e Day (1999), que discutem a prática docente e a construção do conhecimento pedagógico. As práticas reflexivas contribuem para a construção de uma educação mais democrática e inclusiva, com professores mais preparados para enfrentar os desafios do ensino.
CYSTS IN THE MAXILLARY SINUSES: VOLUME RATIO
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, A. R. Sakovich , V. D. Mamchic ,   Belarusian State Medical University, A. V. Rozhkova , V. S. Zhilko ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: February 2025

Maxillary sinus (MS) cysts are benign formations that are often an accidental finding during X-ray examinations. The most informative methods are CT and MRI. Cysts usually look like round or domeshaped formations, most often localized in the lower part of the MS. Medical records of 86 patients (51 men and 35 women) with MS cysts were analyzed; the age of the patients ranged from 18 to 83 years. It was found that in the presence of an MS cyst, only 66.3 % of patients had rhinological complaints (the most common complaint was nasal breathing difficulty- 54.6 %), in 33.7 % of patients, MS cysts were an accidental finding. Most often , M S cyst s wer e locate d o n th e lowe r wal l o f the MS (74 %), had an average volume of 2.1 cm 3 and occupied less than half of the sinus volume in 74 % of cases. Sinusitis (53.5 %) and deviated nasal septum (66.3 %) may play a certain role in the development of maxillary sinus cysts. More than half of the patients (53.5 %), along with the cyst, had signs of hyperplasia of the mucous membrane on other walls of the maxillary sinus (according to CT data). No reliable connection between the presence of maxillary sinus cysts and allergies has been established.
CHRONIC CHOLECYSTITIS
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, A. N. Yanul , I. V. Nagornov ,   Belarusian State Medical University, A. A. Bova ,   Belarusian State Medical University, P. V. Kriushev ,   Belarusian State Medical University, Y. V. Medushevskaya ,   Belarusian State Medical University, O. B. Vitkovskaia
Published: February 2025

The article presents modern concepts of chronic cholecystitis – concept and definitions, epidemiology, classification, main mechanisms of disease development, diagnosis and treatment. Chronic cholecystitis is a chronic disease caused by ongoing inflammation of the gallbladder, leading to mechanical or physiological dysfunction of its emptying. There are two forms of chronic cholecystitis – calculous (occurring against the background of cholelithiasis) and acalculous (without gallstones).
Feasibility of robust estimates of ozone production rates using a synergy of satellite observations, ground-based remote sensing, and models
Authors: Souri Amir H. , González Abad Gonzalo , Wolfe Glenn M. , Verhoelst Tijl , Vigouroux Corinne , Pinardi Gaia , Compernolle Steven , Langerock Bavo , Duncan Bryan N. , Johnson Matthew S.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Ozone pollution is secondarily produced through a complex, non-linear chemical process. Our understanding of the spatiotemporal variations in photochemically produced ozone (i.e., PO3) is limited to sparse aircraft campaigns and chemical transport models, which often carry significant biases. Hence, we present a novel satellite-derived PO3 product informed by bias-corrected TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) HCHO, NO2, surface albedo data, and various models. These data are integrated into a parameterization that relies on HCHO, NO2, HCHO / NO2, jNO2, and jO1D. Despite its simplicity, it can reproduce ∼ 90 % of the variance in observationally constrained PO3, with minimal biases in moderately to highly polluted regions. We map PO3 across various regions with respect to July 2019 at a 0.1° × 0.1° spatial resolution, revealing accelerated values (> 8 ppbv h−1) for numerous cities throughout Asia and the Middle East, resulting from elevated ozone precursors and enhanced photochemistry. In Europe and the United States, such high levels are only detected over Benelux, Los Angeles, and New York City. PO3 maxima are observed in various seasons and are attributed to changes in photolysis rates, non-linear ozone chemistry, and fluctuations in HCHO and NO2. Satellite errors result in moderate errors (10 %–20 %) in PO3 estimates over cities on a monthly average basis, while these errors exceed 50 % in clean areas and under low light conditions. Using the current algorithm, we demonstrate that satellite data can provide valuable information for robust PO3 estimation. This capability expands future research through the application of data to address significant scientific questions about locally produced ozone hotspots, seasonality, and long-term trends.
Locally produced leaf wax biomarkers in the high-altitude Areguni Mountains outweigh downstream transport
Authors: Brittingham Alex , Hren Michael T. , Spitzschuch Samuel , Glauberman Phil , Goldsmith Yonaton , Gasparyan Boris , Malinsky-Buller Ariel
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Sedimentary records of lipid biomarkers such as leaf wax n-alkanes are influenced by not only ecosystem turnover and physiological changes in plants but also earth surface processes integrating these signals into the sedimentary record, though the effect of these integration processes is not fully understood. To determine the depositional constraints on biomarker records in a high-altitude small catchment system, we collected both soil and stream sediments along a 1000 m altitude transect (1500–2500 m a.s.l.) in the Areguni Mountains, a subrange of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains in Armenia. We utilize a treeline at ∼ 2000 m a.s.l., which separates alpine meadow above from deciduous forest below, to assess the relative contribution of upstream biomarker transport to local vegetation input in the stream. We find that average chain length (ACL), hydrogen isotope (δD) and carbon isotope (δ13C) values of n-alkanes are significantly different in soils collected above and below the treeline. However, samples collected from the stream sediments do not integrate these signals quantitatively. As the stream drops below the treeline, the ACL, δD and δ13C values of n-alkanes preserved in streambed sediments reflect a bias toward n-alkanes sourced from trees. This suggests that either (1) there is minimal transportation of organic matter from the more open vegetation at higher elevations or (2) greater production of target biomarkers by trees and shrubs found at lower elevations results in overprinting of stream signals by local vegetation. Though these observations may preclude using n-alkanes to measure past treeline movement in these mountains, δD values of biomarkers in fluvial deposits in these settings are more likely to record local hydrological changes rather than reflect fractionation changes due to turnover in the upstream vegetation structure.
Putting the spotlight on small cloud droplets with SmHOLIMO – A new holographic imager for in situ measurements of clouds
Authors: Fuchs Christopher , Ramelli Fabiola , Schweizer David , Lohmann Ulrike , Henneberger Jan
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The microstructure of liquid and mixed-phase clouds is characterized by the cloud droplet size distribution (CDSD), which influences the cloud evolution and its interaction with radiation. However, state-of-the-art cloud probes still face challenges because they require either platforms that move at constant speed or inlets that can directly alter the actual CDSD. Therefore, precise and accurate in situ measurements of CDSDs, especially of cloud droplets smaller than 6 μm, are still lacking. This can lead to uncertainties in the microphysics and thus in weather and climate models, which are based on parameterizations often derived from these measurements. We present a new in situ instrument, the small holographic imager for microscopic objects (SmHOLIMO), specifically designed to measure a broad spectrum of the CDSDs, i.e., from 3.7 µm to ≈ 100 µm with a sample volume rate of 2.5 cm3 s-1. Thereby, SmHOLIMO pushes the resolution limit towards those seen with forward scattering probes, while still maintaining the advantages of open path holography, i.e., a well defined sample volume (operation at variable wind speed), no need for an inlet, independence of particle size, phase, refractive index, and shape, and the potential of spatial analyses. After calibrating SmHOLIMO in the laboratory, the instrument was deployed in the field, on a tethered balloon system, probing a dissipating low stratus. We demonstrate its ability to measure the cloud microphysical properties at high spatio-temporal resolution. Furthermore, we compare the SmHOLIMO observations to those of another holographic imager (resolution: 6 µm) and to co-located remote sensing measurements. We unequivocally show the importance of SmHOLIMO's skills to capture the lower tail of the CDSD, which significantly affects the derived quantities of cloud droplet mean diameter (up to 1.6 times smaller), number concentration (up to 4 times higher), and cloud optical depth (up to 2.7 times higher). SmHOLIMO's high resolution in situ data of cloud droplets will help us to better interpret observations and to refine the representation of clouds in climate and weather models.
Controls on zircon age distributions in volcanic, porphyry and plutonic rocks
Authors: Nathwani Chetan , Szymanowski Dawid , Tavazzani Lorenzo , Markovic Sava , Virmond Adrianna L. , Chelle-Michou Cyril
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The distribution of zircon crystallisation ages in igneous rocks has been proposed to provide insights into the dynamics of underlying magma reservoirs. However, the ability to interpret magmatic processes from an age distribution is challenged by a complex interplay of factors such as sampling biases, analytical uncertainties and incorporation of extraneous zircon grains. Here, we use a compilation of igneous zircon U–Pb ages measured by chemical abrasion isotope dilution thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS) to quantify the differences that exist among zircon U–Pb age distributions from different magmatic systems. The compiled dataset was rigorously filtered through a number of processing steps to isolate age distributions least impacted by sampling biases and analytical factors. We also filter the database using a new algorithm to systematically identify and remove old outliers from age distributions. We adopt the Wasserstein distance as a dissimilarity metric to quantify the difference between the shapes of age distributions. Principal component analysis (PCA) of a dissimilarity matrix of pairwise Wasserstein distances between age distributions reveals differences among zircon age distributions found in plutonic, porphyry and volcanic rocks. Volcanic and porphyry zircon populations exhibit a skew towards younger ages in their distributions, whereas plutonic age distributions skew towards older ages. We use a bootstrap forward modelling approach to generate synthetic zircon age distributions, which are cast into the PCA space of the dissimilarity matrix of natural age distributions to allow us to identify the magmatic processes which reproduce distributions found in natural data. We find that the younger skew of porphyry and volcanic zircon age distributions can be reproduced under bootstrap sampling scenarios where zircon crystallisation is truncated (e.g. by volcanic eruption or porphyry dyke emplacement). We also find that sampling underlying zircon age distributions generated under higher magmatic flux can contribute to the younger skew of volcanic and porphyry zircon age distributions, though we emphasise that no difference in flux is required due to the strong effect of truncation. Given the multitude of factors that influence observed zircon age distributions, we urge caution when quantifying the thermal evolution of crustal magma bodies using zircon age distributions integrated with numerical models.
The real challenges for climate and weather modelling on its way to sustained exascale performance: a case study using ICON (v2.6.6)
Authors: Adamidis Panagiotis , Pfister Erik , Bockelmann Hendryk , Zobel Dominik , Beismann Jens-Olaf , Jacob Marek
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The weather and climate model ICON (ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic) is being used in high-resolution climate simulations, in order to resolve small-scale physical processes. The envisaged performance for this task is 1 simulated year per day for a coupled atmosphere–ocean setup at global 1.2 km resolution. The necessary computing power for such simulations can only be found on exascale supercomputing systems. The main question we try to answer in this article is where to find sustained exascale performance, i.e. which hardware (processor type) is best suited for the weather and climate model ICON, and consequently how this performance can be exploited by the model, i.e. what changes are required in ICON's software design so as to utilize exascale platforms efficiently. To this end, we present an overview of the available hardware technologies and a quantitative analysis of the key performance indicators of the ICON model on several architectures. It becomes clear that parallelization based on the decomposition of the spatial domain has reached the scaling limits, leading us to conclude that the performance of a single node is crucial to achieve both better performance and better energy efficiency. Furthermore, based on the computational intensity of the examined kernels of the model it is shown that architectures with higher memory throughput are better suited than those with high computational peak performance. From a software engineering perspective, a redesign of ICON from a monolithic to a modular approach is required to address the complexity caused by hardware heterogeneity and new programming models to make ICON suitable for running on such machines.
Understanding soil loss in Mollisol permanent gully head cuts through hydrological and hydromechanical responses
Authors: Ma Chao , Wang Shoupeng , Zheng Dongshuo , Zhang Yan , Tang Jie , Wen Yanru , Dong Jie
Published: February 2025

Abstract. During permanent gully development, soil losses on steep slopes and in channel beds are primarily driven by the hydromechanical response and water storage within the soil mass. However, this aspect has been largely overlooked in previous studies on gully erosion in the Mollisol region of northeast China. In this study, erosion intensities during the 111 d of the rainy season and the 97 d of the snow-melting season were analyzed in relation to soil water storage, drainage capacity, and soil suction stress. This analysis was supported by monitoring soil moisture, temperature, and precipitation, as well as experimental investigations of soil hydromechanical properties. Under the same confining stress, Mollisols at the interrupted head cut of Gully no. II exhibited a more rapid increase and more effective dissipation of pore water pressure compared to those at the uninterrupted head cut of Gully no. I. The combination of the soil water characteristic curve and the hydraulic conductivity function revealed that the Mollisols in Gully no. II had a lower air-entry pressure and higher saturated hydraulic conductivity during wetting and drying cycles than those in Gully no. I. The head cut area of Gully no. II demonstrated a rapid water infiltration and drainage response coupled with high soil water storage capacity. The absolute suction stresses within the Mollisols of Gully no. II were lower than those in Gully no. I, potentially leading to greater erosion per unit of steep slope area. Notably, gravitational mass wasting on steep slopes was closely associated with soil suction stress, and a correlation was observed between erosion per unit in the gully bed area and soil water storage. Therefore, predicting soil loss in permanent gullies requires more emphasis on soil water storage and the hydromechanical response of the soil mass rather than solely on rainfall amounts. Specifically, considering the required water storage capacity to generate runoff intensity and reduce suction stress may enable more accurate predictions of soil loss at the permanent gully head cut.
Post-wildfire sediment source and transport modeling, empirical observations, and applied mitigation: an Arizona, USA, case study
Authors: Schenk Edward R. , Wood Alex , Haden Allen , Baca Gabriel , Fleishman Jake , Loverich Joe
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Post-wildfire floods are receiving greater attention as wildland–urban interfaces become more common and catastrophic wildfires have increased in frequency. Sediment sourcing, transport, and deposition in the post-wildfire environment receive attention due to the severity of risk caused by debris flows and concentrated sediment flood flows. This study compares sediment model predictions based on the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE), the Watershed Assessment of River Stability and Sediment Analysis (WARSSS) suite of models, and the free internet-based WEPPcloud post-wildfire sediment model for the 2019 Museum Fire (809 ha of steep slope Pinus ponderosa forest on a series of basaltic domes). Empirical evidence from four floods in 2021 indicated 9900 Mg of sediment yield to city of Flagstaff neighborhoods, WEPPcloud estimated 3870 Mg yr−1, MUSLE predicted 4860 Mg yr−1 (based on the four events), and the WARSSS suite of models predicted 4630 Mg yr−1. Both the Watershed Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) and WARSSS estimated more sediment yield from channels than hillslope (51 %/49 % and 60 %/40 %, respectively) though the spatial patterns differ between the models. The utility of sediment forecasting to inform the application of sediment mitigation structures to help reduce downstream impacts of post-wildfire water and sediment flows is discussed. Continued revisions of sediment forecasts, based on case studies such as this one, can provide researchers, managers, and policymakers with tools for ecological and human risk mitigation and emergency management.
Prinsip UtilitarianIsme Jeremy Bentham dan Keterkaitannya dengan Perkembangan Positivisme Hukum Klasik
Authors: Kolang Al Rhega Caesar Grestiano
Published: February 2025

Jeremy Bentham is known as a figure who introduced utilitarianism as a philosophical understanding. The philosophical understanding that was introduced is still being studied and also studied in various parts of the world, including Indonesia. Especially for legal science, Bentham left an interesting legacy to be studied regarding utilitarinism as a principle of law formation and its relationship to the development of classical legal positivism. In contrast to the style of legal positivism thought in Continental Europe, Bentham grew up in the common law legal tradition. Through the empirical epistemic tradition that developed in England at that time, Bentham made a quite radical criticism of the legal system in England which was considered irrational and did not have a solid foundation, and even tended to mislead the British people at that time. Based on the principle of utilitarianism, Bentham reconstructed the principle of legal establishment to criticize the natural law paradigm in English legal science which led him to legal positivism and marked the beginning of the development of classical legal positivism.
MARC 21 ձեվաչափ. ոչ գրքային հրատարակությունների արդի խնդիրներ
Authors: Harutyunyan Armine
Published: February 2025

Thus, the article presents a comprehensive overview of information on the non-book publications of the National Library of Armenia (NLA), including their processing, availability, and the types of non-book materials preserved, as well as electronic resources, both computer and non-computer files. The most important and mandatory fields for non-book publications in the MARC format are also presented. In conclusion, it can be observed that the entry of non-book publications in electronic format presents challenges for a number of libraries. However, article demonstrates the capabilities of the MARC format for non-book publications, detailing the relevant fields and record types.
Մասնագիտական զարգացման ժամանակակից պահանջները գրադարանային ոլորտում
Authors: Soghomonyan Lusine
Published: February 2025

Professional development requires continuous effort. The combination of technical and soft skills, ongoing education, personalized approaches, global thinking, and the use of digital resources are all key areas essential for a modern librarian's success. Professional development in the library field demands the enhancement of diverse and ongoing skills, including digital librarianship, community engagement, and innovation. Librarians must be prepared for change and constantly update their skills to ensure the relevance and effectiveness of their library. The library sector is undergoing a transformation driven by technological advancements and the evolving demands of society. Today, librarians face new challenges, and their professional development must meet contemporary needs. However, this does not mean the librarian's role is diminishing or becoming secondary. It means that every profession, including librarianship, requires the continuous development of professional skills and the improvement of analytical and managerial capabilities. Implementing cost-effective marketing strategies in the library sector is crucial, as these can help optimize the library's operations, making it more competitive and sustainable.
Prevalência de burnout em profissionais de enfermagem em unidades de terapia intensiva após Covid-19: revisão de escopo
Authors: Becker Alex , Delacanal Lazzari Daniele , Carpes Ramos Francine , Urinque Mendes Nicasio , Perin Daniele Cristina , Martendal Danielle , Da Luz Dionatha
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Mapear as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre a prevalência da síndrome de burnout em profissionais de enfermagem que atuam em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva adultas durante e após a pandemia de Covid-19. Método: Revisão de escopo realizada em 12 bases de dados, com busca no mês de julho de 2023. Foram incluídas pesquisas que abordaram a síndrome de burnout em profissionais de enfermagem a partir de 2020, sem limitação de idioma. A leitura dos estudos foi realizada por dois revisores, de forma independente. Resultados: Após triagem, 17 estudos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Profissionais menos experientes tinham maior probabilidade de relatar altos níveis de burnout. A elevada carga de trabalho foi considerada um fator fundamental para o esgotamento, enquanto a falta de apoio emocional gerou frustração no ambiente de trabalho. Conclusão: A revisão identificou evidências sobre a prevalência e fatores associados ao burnout entre profissionais de enfermagem de terapia intensiva no período pós-pandemia. Os achados reforçam a necessidade de programas institucionais para a prevenção e manejo do burnout e destacam a importância de reconhecer seus impactos na saúde mental e nas dinâmicas de trabalho. Esses resultados podem subsidiar estratégias organizacionais para mitigar o burnout e promover melhores condições de trabalho.
The Age Structure Of Acacia: Insights Into Conservation Strategies In Arid Landscapes, South Sinai, Egypt.
Authors: A. Moustafa Abdelraouf , Khalaf Menna , S. Khalil Yasmin , A. Elganainy Roba , H. Goher Ganna , S. Zaghlou Mohamed , R. Mansour Samira ,   Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Published: February 2025

Over the past two decades, wild vegetation in the Egyptian
desert has faced significant threats, including the loss of
palatable species, a decline in tree populations, and shifts
in vegetation composition. The main drivers of these
changes include deforestation for fuelwood, overharvesting
of medicinal plants, large-scale development projects,
and overgrazing. Addressing these threats requires
immediate implementation of sustainable development
and conservation policies to safeguard critical biodiversity
components. Acacia trees, vital to the Bedouin communities
for their multiple uses, are particularly at risk due to pressures
such as illegal logging, overgrazing, seed infestation by
insects and fungi, and encroaching construction. This study
examines the demographic status of Acacia populations
across three key regions in South Sinai: Wadi Mandar, Wadi
Lithi, and Wadi Feiran. A total of 615 trees were surveyed,
with 202 trees at Wadi Mandar, 281 at Wadi Lithi, and 132
at Wadi Feiran. Additionally, 38 cuttings from dead Acacia
trunks were collected across these sites. Tree age was
determined by counting the annual growth rings, and the
relationship between tree diameter and growth rings was
analyzed through linear regression. This research highlights
the importance of understanding the age structure of Acacia
populations, which provides insights into their demographic
status and resilience to environmental stressors. By
identifying older, more mature trees, conservation efforts can
prioritize the protection of genetically diverse, reproductively
mature trees, which are crucial for the long-term survival of
the species. Furthermore, factors such as climate variability,
soil conditions, and human intervention especially land-use
changes and overharvesting were considered in the analysis
to assess their impact on Acacia tree health and distribution.
These findings aim to inform conservation strategies within
the St. Catherine Protectorate and, ultimately, across the
South Sinai Protectorates.
Removal Of Petroleum Hydrocarbon From Water By Combined Cultivation Of Azolla And Bacteria.
Authors:   Associate professor, department of environmental health, faculty of health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari-Iran Corresponding author,  Email: rdianati@mazums.ac.ir, Tel: 0098-1133543085 Fax: 0098-1133542473, orcid: 0000-0002-2667-536X, Dianati tilaki Ramazan ali , Eslamifar Masoumeh ,   PhD candidate of microbiology, department of environmental health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences,Sari-Iran,  Email: microbiologist.eslamifar@gmail.com,, Zabihzadeh Kobra ,   Msc. department of environmental health, faculty of health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, SariIran, Email: kobrazabihzadeh@yahoo.com ,  orcid: 0000-0003-3551-70
Published: February 2025

Physico-chemical methods for removing low concentration
dispersed Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) from
water are not cost-effective. The aim of this study was to
remove TPH from water by combined cultivation of Azolla
and bacteria. Concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbon
in culture medium were 100,500 and 1000 mgL-1. Study
was conducted over 14 days in three modes by cultivation
of Azolla, bacteria and combined Azolla-bacteria culture.
Concentration of Petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in the
water samples was measured using gas chromatography.
For cultivation of Azolla, the TPH removal from water after
14 days of contact was 76%, 70%, and 62% for initial TPH
concentrations of 100, 500, and 1000 mgL-1 respectively. For
bacterial cultivation, for an initial TPH concentration of 1000
mgL-1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited the lowest removal
efficiency of 35%, while Alcaligenes faecalis showed the highest
removal efficiency of 60%. In the combined cultivation of
Azolla and bacteria, for an initial TPH concentration of 1000
mgL-1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Azolla exhibited the
lowest removal efficiency of 80%, while Alcaligenes faecalis
and Azolla showed the highest removal efficiency of 100%.
Combined cultivation Azolla and bacteria was effective to
improve removal of petroleum hydrocarbon from water.
Impact of Consumer’s Attitude towards Social Media Influencers on Purchase Intention
Authors: Rozy Jain, BB Singla
Published: February 2025

Understanding influencer marketing is the necessity of the hour. The dimensions of influencer are nearby grown thrice since 2019. The dimension of influencer marketing in India stood at 55 billion Indian rupees with yearly growth rate of 20%. The prediction as per statista states that by the year 2027 , influencer marketing size to be near to approximately 107 billion Indian rupees. There is rise in number of studies on this topic as the dimension is continuously expanding. Present study examines the role of attitude of consumer toward social media influencer’s on consumer purchase intention and brand attitude. It also intends to determine the impact of attitudes of consumer toward SMI on purchase intentions. Collection of data is done from 600 respondents from North India. Subsequent to the data collection, it is examined using the technique of factor analysis by applying CFA, EFA and SEM. This study illustrates positive impact of consumer’s attitude towards Social media influencer’s on consumer purchase intention. It has been found that attitude of consumer towards social media influencers significantly affect the purchase intentions of consumers. The findings of study help advertisers and marketers in the industry to know how influencer marketing helps consumer purchase intention. They also allow marketers to know the attitude of consumers toward SMI and therefore better choose influencers capable of making purchase intentions among existing and potential customers.
Dear Yuri Nikolaevich! A letter to a teacher and a friend (in memory of Y.N. Stolyarov)
Authors: Svergunova N.M
Published: February 2025

The article is a letter addressed to a respected scientist, dear friend, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor Yuri Nikolaevich Stolyarov. It contains
memories and reflections on the moments associated with this amazing man.