bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence Of Neck and Back Pain Among Gynecologists and Obstetrics in Tertiary Care Hospital of Lahore
Authors: Afzal Rahat , Akram Samrood , Rehman Haseeb-Ur- , Abbas Anam , Hassan Javed Muhammad Talha , Sana Ashraf Hafiza
Published: August 2022

Neck pain is identified as the ache, irritation and discomfort in the area below your head up to third Thoracic vertebrae. It can radiate to shoulders, arms and fingers also. The presenting complaints of cervical patients include headache, stiff neck, stress, muscle pain, fever, and tenderness, radiating pain, weakness in the arm and difficulty in lifting or gripping activities. Patients may also present with numbness, tingling and weakness of the arm. Objective: To determine the prevalence of neck and back pain among gynecologists and obstetrics in different tertiary care hospitals of Lahore. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 310 gynecologist and obstetrics that were recruited using non-probability convenience sampling. The cases of the neck pain were recruited from the obstetrics and gynecology department of different hospitals including: Fatima Memorial Hospital, Shalimar Hospital, Services Hospital, Mayo Hospital and Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. Research was completed within six months from 23 October 2021 to 30th April 2022. Results: Among 310 participants, 196 (63.2%) reported neck pain among which; 153 (44.4%) gynecologists reported pain two times per week. Out of total, 306 (98.7%) reported fatigue especially on long days. Results regarding pain area showed that 196 (63.2%) had neck pain, 64 (24.6%) had back pain and 50 (16.1%) had shoulder pain. Results regarding frequency of pain showed that out of 310 (100%), 153 (49.4%) had pain 2 times per week and 105 (33.9%) had pain 0-2 times per month. Conclusions: Prevalence of low back pain was 20.65% whereas prevalence of neck pain in gynecologists was 63.23%. The study suggests that neck pain and fatigue were common in gynecologists and obstetrics. They lack of postural awareness and don’t follow ergonomics principles during surgical procedures.
Association between Type of Cataract According to LOCS Classification with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jan Nawar , Ahmad Muhammad , Liaqat Maria , Iqbal Samia , Mujahid Muhammad , Ullah Saleem , Faridi Tallat
Published: August 2022

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus has increased over time. DM has several adverse effects on body, out of which cataract is the most common ocular complication. Cataract is found to be more common in patients with diabetes mellitus due to changes in the metabolism of body. Objectives: To determine the association of type of cataract according to LOCS classification with diabetes mellitus. Methods: The age of the patients was in the range of 25-80 years old. The inclusion criteria were the diabetic patients having the diabetic history of more than 8 years. Patients who were older than 80 years old and who had a history of any systemic disease were disqualified from the trial. All of the patients who were included underwent thorough eye examination. Results: 98 patients were included in the study having positive history of diabetes mellitus. The most common kind of cataract in people with diabetes is PSCC. There were 51 participants with posterior sub-capsular cataract (PSCC) (52.0 percent). This was followed by nuclear sclerosis cataract in twenty (20.04%) patients and cortical cataract in twelve (12.2%) individuals. In contrast, diabetic patients only experienced posterior polar cataract in seven (7.1%) patients and nuclear sclerosis and PSCC in the remaining eight (8.1%) patients. Conclusions: Diabetic mellitus patients should be checked for PSCC, which can impair vision, particularly in bright light, or during the day
Male Involvement in Maternity Care And Birth Preparedness Of Their Spouse
Authors: Haque Nohri Mansoor Ul , Akhter Memon Parveen , Ali Mallah Manthar , Bux Mangiro Khuda , Ali Malik Anwar , Ahmed Soomro Mushtaque
Published: August 2022

Lack of  involvement in maternity care by male  is a major public health issue and it is most neglected aspect of health in Pakistan .although males are involved in every decision making for female and children’s for health care facilities. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted to select 461 male Participants a Systematic random sampling technique was used. Ethical approval was taken from Ethical Review Committee. The information collected by interview to assess the involvement of male. The data collection tool comprised of two parts demographic variable and maternity and birth preparedness related variables. The mean, standard deviation and percentage, was calculated and know the association and chi-square test applied for data analyze. Results: Mean age of male was 35.3 years S.D ±6.6, less than half of the participants (42.3%) were illiterate followed by primary (23.2%), middle (18.9%), and Matric (10.4%), above Matric (5.2%). Husbands were main decision makers for maternity care and place of birth (92.6%) followed by fathers (6.1%) and brothers (1.3%). During the antenatal visits 41.6% men had accompanied their spouses or women for antenatal visits but there is 58.4% men not accompany their spouses or women for antenatal visits. Conclusion: Male involvement in maternal care and birth preparedness is not  appropriate enough and knowledge related complication and labor, about overall maternal and child health and complications of pregnancy and labor, level of education, encouragement of their spouses, are the decisive factors in availing the benefits of maternal and  child care
Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgeries in COVID-19 Pandemic, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Gelani (GIMS), Hospital, Gambat
Authors: Khan Rizwan , Ahmed Anila , Khan Ramsha , Masroor Bhatti Aisha , Inayat Hussain Zoiya , Qasim Mohammed
Published: August 2022

The turnover of gastrointestinal carcinoma is high and mostly undergoes surgery / excision. Coronavirus disease, shortly named as COVID-19, as it started during 2019. It was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March, 2020. During this period, there are many patients who had delay in surgeries due to the high risk of contamination of patient of surgeon with COVID-19 and this would increase the risk of complications. Objective: To find the frequency of gastrointestinal cancer surgery in Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Gelani (GIMS), Hospital, Gambat. Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted from 14th March 2020 to 31 December 2021 in the surgery department of Pir Abdul Qadur Shah Gelani (GIMS) Hospital, Gambat. Total patients with both genders presenting with age 35 to 75 years and histopathological diagnosed with gastric cancer disease were included in this study. Meanwhile patients with age less than 35 years or more than 75 years those with renal failure and liver failure were excluded from study. Data were entered in SPSS version 21.0. Age, were presented ad mean and standard deviation. Categorical data like gender, upper GI, lower GI, operated cases were presented as frequencies & percentage, with histopathological findings were presented in diagram. Results: In our study, total 63 patients enrolled. The tumor was upper GI diagnosed in 38 patients and the lower GI diagnosed in 25 patients, 30 cases operated successfully and 17 cases in upper GI and 13 cases in lower GI. In 38 upper GI tumors, 11 were located in esophagus, 15 were in stomach, 8 were in pancreas, 2 were in per ampula and 2 were duodenum. Conclusion: It has been concluded that during COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need for clear guidelines in every surgical unit to ensure both patient and staff safety.
Role of CT-KUB for Detection of Obstructive and Non-Obstructive Hydronephrosis on The Basis of Frequency of Calculi
Authors: Akram Hifza , John Akash , Ali Abid , Jamil Maryam , Rasheed Laiba , Kiran Warda
Published: August 2022

The kidneys and ureters are the most prevalent sites for stones. The swelling of the kidneys due to renal stones, most often ureteric stones, is known as hydronephrosis. For detecting the position of stones, CT-KUB has a high sensitivity. Objective: To determine the frequency of obstructive and non-obstructive hydronephrosis due to calculi in CT-KUB. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January, 2022 to May, 2022 at Tertiary Hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. A sample size of 166 patients was obtained using a non-probability convenient sampling technique based on the previously published articles. All patients with renal calculi were included. 64 Slices Aquilian CT Machine was used. SPSS ver. 22 was used for data entry and analysis. Results: 166 Patients were in the age ranges of (15-25), (26-35), (36-45), (46-55), (56-65), and (66-75) were 27(16.3%), 39(16.3%), 32(19.3%), 37(22.3%), 22(13.3%), 9(5.4%) respectively. There were 126(75.9%) males and 40 (24.1%) females. Flank pain was present in 154(94%) and hematuria in 68(41%) patients. Stones were noted in kidneys 102(46.6%), proximal ureter 35(16%), mid ureter 21(9.6%), distal ureter 51(23.3%), urinary bladder 10(4.6%). 96 patients were diagnosed with obstructing hydronephrosis (57.8%). Conclusion: Urinary tract stones are most commonly seen in the kidneys and ureters. Obstructive and non-obstructive hydronephrosis is mostly caused by kidney stones. Obstructive hydronephrosis accounted for 57.8% of the total, whereas non-obstructive hydronephrosis accounted for 42.2%. CT-KUB plays a vital role in the diagnosis of hydronephrosis.
Association of Post Vaccination Shoulder Pain with Sinovac and Astrazeneca COVID-19 Vaccines: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sheher Bano  , Amjad Faiza , Haider Muhammad Waleed , Khalid Maham , Jabbar Saima , Iftikhar Komal , Alam Ayesha , Aslam Saira
Published: August 2022

The world is facing severe pandemic due to COVID-19. AstraZeneca and Sinovac both vaccines are being used in many countries to fight against this Fatal Virus. Both AstraZeneca and Sinovac vaccines have some side effects, shoulder pain is one of the most common post vaccination side effect after receiving these vaccines. Objectives: Purpose of this study was to determine the association of post-vaccination shoulder pain among individuals who had been administered with AstraZeneca & Sinovac COVID-19 Vaccines. Methods: A descriptive study design was chosen to conduct this research. Study duration was six months. Sample selection was based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sample size was 143 with 71% response ratio. Snowball sampling (non-probability sampling) technique was adopted. Data were collected from various areas of Lahore using self-administered questionnaire. Responses were collected using questionnaire and data was analysed by using SPSS version 22.0. Chi-square test and cross tabulations were executed to determine association of the variables.  Results: 143 individuals were reviewed for this study. Among total respondents, 65% reported shoulder pain after first dose and 50.3% respondents reported shoulder pain after second dose. P-value after chi-square test was <0.001 after both doses and level of significance was adjusted to 0.05. Conclusion: This study concluded that there is significant association of post vaccination shoulder pain among those individuals having received Sinovac and AstraZeneca inoculation for COVID-19.
Practitioner’s Perspective of Personal Protection Against COVID-19 During Prosthodontics Rehabilitation
Authors: Khan Hassan , Sartaj khan Muhammad , Raza Muhammad , Tahir Maryam , Afridi Saima , Manzar Samia
Published: August 2022

The corona virus pandemic has impacted almost all kinds of public health care professions, including dentistry. Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the practitioner’s perspective of personal protection against COVID-19 and evaluating the practicing protective protocols adopted by local practitioners. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 150 practitioners from two different private dental hospitals. Data was collected by pre-structured questionnaire, which composed of 20 questions. These questions assessed infection control measures and their perspective and knowledge regarding spread of Corona virus. Data were analysed using (SPSS version 20.0) Results: A total of 150 practitioners participated in the study (70 house officers and 80 post graduate residents and above). The most commonly practiced procedure was wearing mask (81.3%) and washing hands (76%) after gloves removal. A small number of practitioners preferred rinsing mouth with mouth wash (2.7%), use of water-resistant gowns (4.7%), wearing goggles (8%), use of N95 mask and rubber dam application (9.3%) each during procedure. Conclusion: Prosthodontists are at highest risk of contracting the virus owing to aerosol generating procedures. Current study observed an inadequate use of PPEs as depicted from various responses from practitioners such as limited use of mouth rinses before start of procedures, goggles, water resistant gowns and N95 masks
High Resolution Computed Tomography Chest Findings in Patients with Positive RT-PCR of Covid-19
Authors: Afzaal Arooma , Yousaf Farooq Syed Muhammad , Ehsan Cheema Faisal , Mahnoor . , Yousaf Nimra , Karim Misbah , Abbas Malik Awon
Published: August 2022

High-resolution CT chest abnormalities in patients with higher RT-PCR among those with COVID-19 have been poorly studied. It remained unknown what mechanism was responsible for the rise in COVID-19 cases. Objective: Observations from high-resolution chest CT scans in patients with a negative RT-PCR for COVID-19. Methods: A total of 400 male and female samples were collected using a simple random sampling method. The research method used was a descriptive one. The researchers used CT scans and in-depth interviews to compile their data. The current version of SPSS (21.0.0) was utilized for the statistical analysis. Results: There were a total of 245 men and 155 females in the sample pool for this investigation. COVID-19 was present in all of these patients. Based on the findings of the study, the patients were diagnosed with respiratory symptoms as fever, breathlessness, and cough. High resolution computed CT revealed, however, that these patients also have Ground glass opacities, heterogeneous patterns, septal thickening, consolidations, and pleural effusion. The patient population also included smokers. Conclusion: High-resolution computed CT results consistent with COVID-19 infection were found to include ground glassware opacities, mixed patterning, septal thickness, restructurings, CORAD classifications, nodules, bronchiectasis, crazy paving, and pleural effusion. Negative RT-PCR results in people with COVID-19 symptoms (such as cough, illness, fever, and shortness of breath) received little to no attention. The HRCT should be used for the overall diagnosis of COVID-19, and this should be the centre of learning and treatment for the population that tested negative with the RT-PCR.
Assessing The Quality of Life Among Older Adults Having Oral Health Problems
Authors: Wajeeha . , Rizwan Bahisht , Fatima Amsa , Nazia Kausar Hafiza , Mujeeb Kinza , Rasheed Maryam , Tanveer Kainat , Gull Fatima , Zaman Samar , Maqbool Fatima , Jabeen Hamna
Published: August 2022

Oral health refers to the health of the oral cavity of an individual. Oral health is the most important part of general healthcare. The oral cavity or mouth make a major part of human body and considered to be the beginning of gastrointestinal and respiratory systems. The concept of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHQoL) is focused on the idea that oral health issues can harm a person's self-esteem and self-image, create other health problems, hinder social contact, and cause pain, stress, and sadness. Objective: To assess the Quality of Life (QoL) among older adults having oral health problems. Methods: A Cross-sectional study was carried out from ‘Heaven Old-Age home’, Ferozepur Road, Lahore. Middle age to older adults aged between 45 to 80 years suffering from oral health problems were selected through a non-probability convenient sampling technique, and the sample size of 100 was enrolled. Participants were assessed through a self-constructed questionnaire. The data was analyzed by SPSS version 21.0. Results: Out of 100 participants, 45 were males while 55 were females while 96 participants were married. Socioeconomically, 72 participants belonged to the middle class in which 67 participants were educated, while 33 were uneducated. Result showed that 39 felt almost inability of chewing, 51 felt uncomfortable eating, 61 were feeling difficulty in biting hard food, and 54 were feeling difficulty while taking a big bite. Moreover, 77 were feeling difficult or restricted smiling, 74 were feeling difficulty in relaxing while 71 were feeling tense, and 83 were feeling irritable. 75 were embarrassed because of oral issues. However, 65 had pain in the mouth while 35 did not. 68 individuals had history of toothache in the previous 12 months, while 32 had not. Conclusion: It was concluded that there is an association between quality of life and oral health. Older adults face problems in chewing and swallowing food, feel pain while chewing or biting the food, and face nutritional deficiencies affecting their quality of life.
Exploring The Effect of Mutigrain Flour on Glycemic Index of Diabetic Rats Model
Authors: Rafique Sehrish , Jabeen Shaista , Tufail Tabussam , Bader Ul Ain Huma , Shoukat Rizwan
Published: August 2022

The glycemic index is a measure that assesses the quantity of carbohydrates in meals on a range of zero to 100, reflecting how rapidly an item raises blood sugar. Multigrain flour stayed active for eating, and it had greater storage stability. Objective: To evaluate the effect of multigrain flour on glycemic index and insulin levels of diabetic rats. Methods: The Current study was designed to evaluate the effect of multigrain flour on diabetes. Sample size was 60 male rats (3 groups were made) 20 in each group and Convenient sampling was used. Proximate chemical analysis of the multigrain flour was also done. SPSS version 24.0 was used to tabulate and analyse the data. Results: Highest feed intake at week 1 was (24.10 ± 0.48 g/rat) and highest feed intake at week 4 was (25.80 ± 0.95 g/rat). Highest water intake at week 1 was (21.03 ± 0.51 mL/rat) and highest water intake at week 4 was (25.52 ± 0.54mL/rat). Highest blood glucose level at 0-day was (177.27 ± 2.40 mg/dL) and highest blood glucose level at 30th day was (149.57 ± 4.51mg/dL). Highest glycemic index value at week 1 (0-minute) was (136±2.04), highest glycemic index value at week 1 (30-minute) was (165 ± 2.47), highest glycemic index value at week 1 (60-minute) was (165 ± 2.47). Conclusions: This approach is also beneficial in the management of a variety of disorders. The addition of micronutrients to multi grain flour can boost the nutritional content of goods while also extending their shelf life.
Use Of Cinnamon, Vitamin D And Starch Capsules to Attenuate Different Types of Dysmenorrhea
Authors: Hafeez Khan Mehmoona , Shahid Momina , Noor Hifza , Zafar Aimen , Shehzad Muzammil Hafiz , Batool Qaisrani Tahira , Shehzad Khuram , Imran Muhammad , Junaid Anwar Muhammad , Hassan Maleeha
Published: August 2022

Dysmenorrhea disorder is a significant concern of this era in young girls at the stage of the menarche or near menstrual period. Primary dysmenorrhea is prevailing all around the world. Objectives: To evaluate reducing effects of Cinnamon, vitamin D and starch capsules in patients suffering from dysmenorrhea. Methods: The 30 candidates for each group were selected following the minimum sample size rule. The questionnaire and numeric pain rating scale were the main tools for assessing dysmenorrhea severity, reduction in dysmenorrhea, quality of life and other variables in patients. Results: The demographic data showed that the maximum participants belonged to middle-class families, well-educated and living in their own homes. The results depicted that Cinnamon reduced pain severity, bleeding and physical pain and improved physical activity, leisure activities, life satisfaction, health services, meaningful life and body appearance among most participants. Likewise, vitamin D also exhibited a significant reduction in dysmenorrhea symptoms and increased the quality of life among most patients. However, the effects of starch capsules were observed to be less effective than the cinnamon tea and vitamin D. Conclusions: The study concluded that cinnamon tea and vitamin D were the best therapy for reducing dysmenorrhea symptoms.
Determination of Proximate Composition of Nigella sativa L. Seeds and its Effective Role in Improving Lipid Profile Among Hyperlipidaemic Women
Authors: Zanib Rida , Basharat Shahnai , Khursheed Tara , Ali Shah Zarnain , Gulzar Zainab , Shaheer Muhammad , Fatima Sakina
Published: August 2022

Hyperlipidaemia is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of body’s plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol. Objective: To find out the proximate composition of Nigella sativa L. and its hypolipidemic effect on blood lipid profile among hyperlipidaemic women. Methods: To determine the proximate composition of Nigella sativa seed the kjeldhah method, soxhlet extraction using petroleum ether, and AOAC procedure were used. For the identification of hypolipidemic impact, a total of 64 women with mild to moderate hyperlipidaemia, aged between 25-35 years were selected for the 8 weeks of study. The sample was selected from the University of Lahore Teaching Hospital, Lahore. After removing physical contaminants like dirt, dust, and other foreign grains black seeds were air dried. After drying, seeds were grounded into fine powder by using commercial blender. Each capsule was prepared with 500mg powder of N. sativa, and was transferred in air tight jars. After screening the participants of experimental group, they were advised to use 2 capsules of N. sativa supplement before breakfast and two capsules in the afternoon prior to their meal for 8 weeks. Participants were also advised to follow the given 7-day diet plan for 8 weeks. The anthropometric measurements, biochemical evaluation (lipid profile), and dietary intake data were collected. Results: The mean age group of Hyperlipidaemic patients enrolled in study was 32.5±0.34 years. There was a significant reduction in Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol level, and triglyceride levels with p-value less than 0.05. High density lipoprotein levels were also improved from 49.5±8.38mg/dl to 51.81±10.21mg/dl. Conclusion: The study concluded that Nigella sativa L. seed powder supplementation showed a significant improvement in lipid profile of hyperlipidaemia patients.  The study found an increase in high density lipoprotein among patients.
Linguistic Reliability & Validity of Urdu Version of Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire in Patients with Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain
Authors: Shabbir Amber , Imran Muhammad , Kamran Muhammad , Wassi Ahmad , Amin Haroon , Balqees Asma , Ain Qurat ul , Tariq Hira , Ahmad Mahtab , Ullah Irfan
Published: August 2022

Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) is a self-administered tool that produces reliable measurements for drawing implications about disability. Urdu form of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (U-RMDQ) is considered apprehensive for the population of Pakistan. Furthermore, the Urdu version of this tool is consistent in reliability, validity & content continuity with the English original version. Objective: The aims of the current study were to assess the reliability, validity & utility of the Urdu form of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) in participants with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Methods: This study design was qualitative tool validation. The sampling technique employed was non-random convenience sampling with 100 individuals including both females and males within the age of 20 years to 70 years. Out of 100, 25 were healthy & 75 were patients Measurements were taken at baseline followed by another measurement after 24 hours. The study was completed in three stages; content validity was evaluated through the content validity index in the first stage, a pilot study was run to evaluate reliability & validity in the second stage followed by an evaluation of patients presenting with low back pain using Urdu version of (U-RMDQ) in the third stage. Data were collected through the Urdu version of the (U-RMDQ). Afterward, IBM SPSS version 25.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: -retest reliability depicted with Intra-class Correlation Coefficient was 0.684 for healthy individuals while 0.998 for participants with non-specific chronic LBP. The outcomes clearly express the tool reliability for the assessment of disability in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain. An Independent t-test was employed to check the different validity, results showed the significant differences in means of all variables between both groups thereby producing <.05 two-tailed significance of all variables. After factor analysis of samples of 100 patients, Kaiser-Meyer Olkin (KMO) was 0.872 & p-value <0.05 showed the significance of the test. Five variables in (U-RMDQ) were responsible for variance in data. Conclusion: The study concluded the Urdu version of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate disability associated with chronic non-specific low back pain.
Comparison between Strength Training and Endurance Training in Neck patients: A RCT
Authors: Bugti Mahnoor , Khan Rabia , Bugti Muhammad Khan , Shakoor Umar , Ammar Naveed Muhammad , Shahid Shabbir Muhammad , Azfar Hanan , Latif Danish
Published: August 2022

Common Neck pain is one of the most common issues in this era. Every other working woman have been complaining about neck problems. Objective: To determine the effect of intensive isometric and mild endurance training of neck muscles in women with chronic neck pain. Methods: Female patients suffering from neck pain were randomly enrolled into three groups. Group A was of control patients and group B and C were Interventional group. Consent form was taken and participants were fully informed about the task. This process ensured that in each group patients distributed with equal severity of neck pain. These states were assessed mainly by medical history and clinical examination before entering the study. Results: In current study, exercise program was examined at different intervals of follow-up visits through interviews.  Conclusion: Strength and Endurance training both methods are effectively improving discomfort and debility in females by nonspecific, long-lasting neckline discomfort. Aerobic exercises and stretching along with strength training are more effective as compare to perform alone aerobic exercise.
Effect Of Manual Cervical Traction and Inter-Vertebral Foramen Opening and Combination of Both Techniques in Patients with Cervical Radiculopathy: Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Ali Bhutto Mazhar , Farid Nasir Muhammad , Imran Ali , Gul Memon Aamir , Abdul Latif Falak , Salahuddin Iqra , Mustafa Muhammad , Karim Suhail
Published: August 2022

Cervical radiculopathy is the problem that probably every other person is complaining now a days and etiology is mostly age-related related posture and hectic work routine. Objective: Current trial was designed to associate the impact of cervical pull, foramen initial and both combined techniques on level of disablement, pain and range of motions of cervical spine in individuals having cervical radiculopathy. Methods: Sampling technique was non-probability and participants were allocated into 3 groups. A, B and C. Informed consent was taken and all subjects were instructed about the trial. Patients who were taking medications or denied to participate in study were excluded. Patients of age 30-50years who were not taking medication were included to conclude the impact of manual techniques. Patients were assigned into treatment groups based on inclusion criteria which is diagnosed MRI cervical radiculopathy unilateral upper extremity pain and numbness and 3 result test were positive out of 4. distraction test, Spurling Test, Ipsilateral rotation test and Upper-limb tension test. Results: In group A, mean age of subjects was 42.41±6.86 years, 40.95± 7.32 years in group B and 42.50±5.77 years in group C. 8(60%) participants were crabby of sharp and shooting pain in group A. 4(35%) describe the pain as burning and tingling and 1(5%) felt deep dull ache. In analysis of baseline and after completion of treatment assessment of each group, all variant determined considerable outcomes with p <0.05 in terms of Range of motion (ROMs) and neck pain. Conclusion: Manual techniques of cervical traction, intervertebral foramen opening and combination of both techniques have similar effect in improving neck ache, ROMs and disability level in patients suffering with cervical radiculopathy.
Impact of mobile phone use on health, behavior and social interactions among children aged 2 – 12 years
Authors: Iqbal Mohammed , Saeed Farhan , Qassim Bham Shireen , Athar Khan Mohammed , Ahmed Sharif Umer Hayat
Published: August 2022

Children and teenagers are becoming increasingly dependent on their mobile devices, which they use for entertainment, education, and self-expression in addition to keeping in touch with friends and family. The prolonged use of mobile phones can have deleterious effects on children. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate these effects on specific areas of the children. Methods:  It was a cross-sectional study conducted at the outpatient department during the study period from September 2019 to February 2020. Children below the age of 2 years or mentally challenged children were excluded. Informed consent was taken from parents who participated in the activity. The child and the parents are explained the research purpose and data collected in the pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire. SPSS version 21.0 was used to enter and analyses the data. Results: A total of 399 participants of age 2 to 12 years were included in the study. In 50.3 % of children who were using mobile for more than 2 hours, 55.1% of children slept less than 6 hours a day with 68.9% of children having a disturbance in sleep pattern. 33.9% of children reported having been wearing glasses and 34.8% of children showed an increase in weight. Regarding social interaction and behavior, 39.9% of children showed rude behavior towards their parents.53.2% of children using mobiles were associated with behavioral issues like isolation thus avoiding gathering while 77.3% were addicted to mobiles and showed anger and frustration when mobiles were taken away from them. Conclusion: The use of the mobile phone negatively impacts the various aspects of a child’s life.
Association Of Sleep, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, And Screen Time With Obesity Among Children In The Pediatric/ Endocrine Unit
Authors: Qassim Bham Shireen , Zahra Fatima , Saeed Farhan , Ahmed Sharif Umer Hayat , Khatoon Ayesha , Ibrahim Bukhari Syed
Published: August 2022

The frequency of stunting, pallor, zinc, and iron deficiencies serves as evidence that the globe is undergoing a rapid epidemiological and nutritional transition that is characterised by persistent nutritional insufficiencies. Objectives: Our study aimed to observe the association of physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, and screen time with obesity in children of our community. Methods: A case-control study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics and Endocrinology from 1st September 2019 to 1st March 2020. Participants were healthy children from 5 to 15 years of age. The participants (overweight or obese) and controls were selected from the same population based on BMI. We divided the sedentary activity into less than 4 hours and more than 4 hours. Results: In this study, 53% of children were boys and 47% were girls with a mean age of 7.9 in the non-obese group and 8.9 in the obese group. The majority (75.5%) were age group less than or equal to 10 years. The participants with more sleeping time were 57% less likely to develop obesity (OR: 0.424 with 95% CI of 0.19-0.94, P-value: 0.03) whereas participants with more sedentary activity were 6% more likely to develop obesity (OR:6.38 with 95% CI of 2.49-16.38, P-value: <0.01). Conclusion: This study concluded that sedentary activity is significantly associated with overweight/obesity whereas sleep has negative relation with overweight/obesity making them, a potential risk factor for childhood obesity
Patient-Physician Violence in The Hospitals of Pakistan: A Multi-Center Qualitative Study
Authors: Khalil Ahmed Fareena , Sukhia Hoshang Rumi , Shami Amber , Khan Qurat-ul-Ain , Ejaz Khan Asmaa , Shafiq Mehak
Published: August 2022

Violence against physicians has been considered a significant issue in Pakistan. Objective: This study was conducted to explore the need for specific policy-related responses to patient-physician violence in the hospitals of Pakistan. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in the hospitals of Pakistan, by using in-depth interviews. A total of 40 participants were selected out of which ten were in-depth interviews with patients, ten in-depth interviews with their families, ten in-depth interviews with physicians, and ten in-depth interviews with the administrative staff. In-depth interviews were recorded and then transcribed. The responses of the participants were coded with the help of thematic analysis. Results: The results of the study revealed that three main themes were derived through thematic analysis. The cause is multi-factorial. The employees of the health sector were asked to build revenue without taking care of patients' needs. In the east, no training is provided to physicians regarding how to prevent violence. Patient-physician violence leads to various disputes as a result of which verbal and physical abuse is observed towards physicians. Conclusion: The financial stress at hospitals to increase revenue has ruined the patient-physician relationship leading to violence. Certain policies should be developed for the security of physicians. The low literacy rate among patients is also one of the major contributing factors. Communicating strategies should be developed to prevent patient-physician violence.
Comparative effects of Myofascial Technique Alone and In Combination with Isometrics on Myofascial pain Syndrome Due to Excessive Smartfone Usage
Authors: Khalid Amna , Ahmad Jawad , Michelle Areeba , Nazir Sawaira , Khalid Nahdia , Jabbar Faiza
Published: August 2022

Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) is a regional musculoskeletal pain disorder which is caused by the formation of myofascial trigger points. Myofascial trigger point pain is typical and frequently so debilitating that it is vital to receive quick and efficient treatment. This pain is commonly seen in people that are in their teenage or in adults effecting both men and women. Many interventions have been used to treat this condition by physiotherapists and respective health care providers such as trigger point release, massage therapies, acupuncture techniques, and other heat and cold therapies, among others. Objective: This study compares the efficiency of myofascial release techniques along with isometrics exercises and isolated myofascial release for the upper trapezius muscles' myofascial trigger points. Methods: It was a Randomized clinical trial carried out in the city of Faisalabad. Two groups of the patients were made and randomly assigned by lottery method. Both the groups received myofascial release techniques baseline treatment. Group A received the isometrics with myofascial release technique and group B received the isolated myofascial release technique. The Trapezius muscle's trigger points were assessed using Simon's trigger point criteria. Outcome measures were VAS and Neck pain assessment form. Results: Upon completion of the trial, NDI and VAS scores were assessed prior to and after the treatment; before treatment group A of NDI demonstrated average score of 10.7333 and group B showed 14.5333, while after treatment the score was transformed to group A; 3.4000 and group B; 4.8667. For VAS, group A and B before treatment scored 5.7333 and 5.8667, respectively, whereas, after treatment they scored 2.4667 and 2.5333, respectively. Conclusion: MFR along with isometrics was slightly more effective as compared to isolated MFR in pain alleviation and improvements of ROM but statistically both of interventions given were effective.
Outcomes of Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery in Renal Calculi of Varying Size
Authors: Khan Ajmal , Saleem Amjad , Siraj Shahid , Hassan Raza Ul , Ahmad Iftikhar , Naeem Raja
Published: August 2022

The patient with the large renal calculi is recommended with retrograde intrarenal surgery by the physicians. It is minimally invasive approach for the treatment. Objective: The study was conducted for evaluation of the intraoperative and postoperative complications associated with the retrograde intrarenal surgery RIRS. The stone free rate rates were also compared. Methods: The 231 patients who visited the Urology department of our teaching hospital were included in the study. The duration of this study was from January 2021 to June 2021. The patients were divided into six groups. The calculi of dimension 1-9 mm were included in the group 1, while 10-19 mm were included in the group 2, 20-29 mm were included in group 3. The calculi of dimension 30-39 mm were included in group 4, the calculi of dimension 40-49 mm in group 5, while calculi greater than 50mm dimension were included in the group 6. The post-operative complications were reported while six-month follow months. Results: Out of the 231 patients included in the study. According to the study smallest size of calculi observed to be 3 mm and the largest size of calculi was found to be 60 mm. The average size of the calculi came out to be 22.9 ± 11.2 mm. The adverse events were observed in different groups. 11% of the patients reported some intraoperative negative effects. There were 31 patients that showed post procedure complications but these complications were later on found to be gone leaving no adverse side effect. 10% patients that undergo repetitive RIRS to clear the stones and were later-on confirmed stone free. Conclusion: For the treatment and management of the renal stones that are more than 20 mm in size RIRS is an encouraging option. There was a size dependent enhancement in the complications that take place after the procedure. There was no case of stone related events reported in patients that took care of follow up sessions to get rid of residual stones.
Measuring The Burden of Covid-19 In A Tertiary Care Hospital, Swat, Pakistan
Authors: Imran Tabbassum , Hanan Fazal , Khan Waseem , Ullah Najeeb , Imran Naveed , Lal Amreek , Ahmad Imtiaz , Ullah Irfan
Published: August 2022

An unknown pathogen that caused an unknown respiratory disease in humans was discovered in China city of Wuhan, where it was given the name "new coronavirus. “or COVID-19. COVID-19 epidemiology and clinical features in Pakistan is the focus of this study. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the burden of COVID-19 in Swat, which might be helpful in preventing viral transmission in Pakistan. Methods: The current Retrospective study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in district Swat Pakistan from April 2020 to June 2021. For the study, data were collected from local population who were suspicious or merely for screening reasons they visit to hospital at Swat Teaching Hospital, Swat, Pakistan. To find out the association between age group and COVID -19, a Chi-square test was used with a p-value less than 0.05. Results: A total of 11610 samples were analyzed in this study. The average patient's age was 40 years. Among total, there were 2230 (19%) cases were positive. The gender distributions of Covid-19, females were more affected 1128 (50.60%) than males 1102 (49.40%), but no significant difference in incidence rate. Adults accounted for COVID-19 active cases, 886 (40%) patients in the age range of 21-40 years, 686 (31%) in the age range of 41-60 years, 391 (17.5%), and 155 (7%), 45 (2%), and 40 (1.7%) patients in the age range of 61-80, 11-20, and 80-100 and 1-10 years, respectively. The research comprised a total of 27 older patients who met the locally recognized threshold of being elderly. A total of 40 (1.7%) of the juvenile patients were also infected. Conclusion: In this study patients in the age range of 21-40 years and compared to men females were more likely to be affected.
Evaluation Of Histopathological Lesion In Oral And Maxillofacial Department At Tertiary Care Hospital Peshawar
Authors: Ahmad Sana , Muhammad Asim , Un Nisa Waqar , Bakhtiar Shabana , Ashfaq Samar , Ali Farhan , Aslam Maryam , Khalid Aqsa , Ullah Irfan
Published: August 2022

Around the world, maxillofacial disorders are distributed widely. The oral and maxillofacial area is affected by a wide variety of illnesses, from inflammatory lesions to benign and malignant cancers. Objective: This is a base line study that will aid in the diagnosis and management of oral healthcare and also guide recommendations and associated research in the local population in the future. Methods: In this descriptive observational study, 124 patients with orofacial lesions reported at the Hayat Abad medical complex, Department of Oral Maxillofacial and Dental Surgery between 2021 and 2022 were analyzed. Result: A total of 124 orofacial lesions were found, of which 47 were malignant and 57 benign, with the posterior mandible being the most commonly affected area. The pathology that affected most frequently was squamous cell carcinoma. In the fourth, fifth, and sixth decades of life, the soft tissue lesion affected 41% of males and 37% of females. These included squamous cell carcinoma well-differentiated in 32 (25.80%), fibrous epulis in 11 (8.8%), and pyogenic granuloma in 16 (12.90%) of cases. Conclusion: With the posterior mandibular area being the most common site, oral squamous cell carcinoma affects adolescents and the elderly with the most incidence rate.
Multi Drug Resistance Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Frequency and Antibiogram in A Tertiary Teaching Care Hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Ali Shah Syed Hasnain , Ali Wajid , Ali Shah Furqan , Fahad Falah Shaikh , Rehman Erum , Umar Amna , Hidayat Yumna , Afreen Saira , Riaz Aayesha , Ullah Irfan
Published: August 2022

Antibiotic usage and misuse increases the risk of developing bacteria that are resistant to treatment. A Gram-negative, aerobic bacillus called Pseudomonas aeruginosa is mostly responsible for nosocomial opportunistic infections. Objectives: To assess pathogen load and drug susceptibility profiles of Peshawar clinical specimens collected with MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Methods: Isolates were gathered from a variety of specimens, including pus, tracheal aspirate, swabs containing wound samples, fluids such as urine or blood, from department of microbiology hospital of Khyber teaching Peshawar. Clinical in-vitro study which were carried out at the Pharmacology Department, University of Peshawar. Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion method was used to identify the pattern of antibiotic susceptibility. Requirements of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2018) were followed for processing samples. Results: P. aeruginosa was found to be multidrug-resistant in about 56 percent of cases. The majority of the isolates (36.5%) were found in people between the ages of "60-80". Pus included the greatest percentage of MDR P. aeruginosa (34.2%), followed by tracheal aspiration (21.7 percent). Colistin had the highest sensitivity (100%) and was followed by ceftolozane/tazobactam (61 percent). With imipenem, the least sensitivity was noticed (20 percent). However, all anti-pseudomonal medications showed an increase in resistance. Conclusion: In our system, MDR P. aeruginosa infections are becoming more frequent. This threat can be avoided by prescribing antibiotics carefully. For the community to receive appropriate healthcare, regular lab identification and surveillance of this resistant pathogen is necessary
Immuno-histochemical Expression of Cyclin D1 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders, and Normal Oral Mucosa
Authors: Bakhtiar Shabana , Nasir Sabeen , Zia Sara , Maryam Hoor , Kamran Natasha , Ali Karishma
Published: August 2022

Due to a high risk and tendency of OPMDs towards OSCC, its early detection is essential for better survival rate. Several molecular markers are available for diagnosis and prognostic assessments of OPMDs, also evaluating aggressiveness of OSCC. Objectives: To assess the immuno-histochemical expression of Cyclin D1 in OSCC, OPMDs, and normal healthy oral mucosa. Cyclin D1 has a significant role in cell cycle control and also strongly linked with the metastatic and poorly differentiated tumour cells. Methods: The study comprised of already diagnosed 20 cases of OSCC, 20 cases of OPMDs, and 20 normal oral mucosa cells, as a control. Results: Cyclin D1 immuno-reactivity was found positive in 100% cases of OPMDs, and 100% in OSCC but not in normal oral mucosa cells. Conclusion: A statistically significant expression of Cyclin D1 was observed in OPMDs which may indicate the probability of their transformation to OSCC.
Prevalence Of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Among Butchers In Pakistan
Authors: Hayder Ali , Fatimah Arooj , Uzair Asghar Hafiz Muhammad , Maqbool Sania , Shad Maheen , Zaheer Bayyinah , Siddiqui Osama , Hussain Ahtisham
Published: August 2022

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is an ailment in which median nerve is trapped in carpal tunnel and as a result a person feels tingling, numbness, and weakness in the wrist joint. It is most caused when excessive pressure is applied on the wrist joint. Most of the professionals go through this condition because of the nature of their work. Hairdresser, dentists, and labourers are commonly affected by this condition. Objective: This study determines the prevalence of CTS among butchers in Pakistan. Methods: Butchers from different cities of Pakistan were selected to check out the prevalence of CTS. 400 butchers from different cities of Pakistan were selected. Observational study design was carried out and convenient sampling was used to collect the data. The butchers having the age of 20 to 40 years were included with having an experience of 3 years or more. All the butchers should use the manual instruments during the processing of meat. They were told about the purpose of our research and a consent form, personally designed CTS diagnosis questionnaire, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTSQ) were filled by them. Functional limitations and symptoms severity of butchers with CTS were also assessed. Results: The prevalence of CTS among butchers in Pakistan was 10.3%. The butchers having age between 26-30 years had 46% cases of CTS among them. 21-25 years old butchers had 17% of affected butchers among them. According to experience, butchers having 3-5 years’ experience was the most affected among them. 34% butchers of 3-5 years’ experience were involved. There was moderate level of functional limitation in CTS affected butchers according to BCTSQ. Next thing was the symptom severity with moderate level of symptoms severity was present in butchers suffering from CTS. Conclusion: The prevalence of CTS among butchers in Pakistan was 10.3%. All the butchers suffering from CTS had moderate level of intensity of pain. There was a moderate level of functional limitation and symptoms severity related to CTS affected butchers.