bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of transuranium elements produced by the Castle Bravo explosion
Authors: Corcho-Alvarado J. A. , Röllin S. , Sahli H.
Published: December 2023

The production of transuranium elements was investigated in the thermonuclear tests “Mike” (Marshall Islands), “Barbel” and “Par” (Nevada Test site, USA). However, little data has been reported for important tests such as the “Castle Bravo” explosion (Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands). This test produced the largest yield (15 MT) of the entire series in the Pacific Proving Grounds. We use surface soils collected at Bikar Atoll (Marshall Islands), known to have been contaminated with debris from the “Castle Bravo” explosion, to investigate the production of transuranium elements. The activities and isotope ratios of several transuranium radionuclides were analysed by mass spectrometry techniques after radiochemical separation. The activity concentrations of 239Pu, 240Pu, 241Pu and 241Am radionuclides were found to be in the order of a few Bq kg−1. 242Pu, 243Am and 245Cm radionuclides showed much lower activity concentrations in the order of a few mBq kg−1. 244Pu was also detected, in the range of a few µBq kg−1. The isotope ratios, normalized to mass 239 (239Pu), showed a consistent decreasing trend with increasing isotope mass, which was approximated by an exponential function. Taking into account that 241Pu has a relatively short half-life, the exponential function is used for estimating the age of the Pu contamination. The result obtained by this approach is consistent with the age of the contamination expected at this atoll. Radionuclide abundances also showed the even-odd anomaly of heavy nuclei as it has been observed in other thermonuclear explosions.
Coincidence and anti-coincidence gamma ray spectroscopy in radionuclide identification
Authors: Landsberger S. , Egozi C. , Charlton W. , Kaitschuck N. , Martinez F. J.
Published: December 2023

The two most challenging aspects of gamma ray spectrometry are to achieve spectral free interferences and to attain the lowest possible detection limits and ultimately low counting uncertainties. In nuclear forensics isotopic ratios or elemental ratios in environmental analyses need to have the individual results at low uncertainties for meaningful interpretations. Over the last few decades gamma-gamma coincidence and anti-coincidence (Compton suppression) methods have been used for a variety of radionuclide identifications for passive counting of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM), special nuclear materials (239Pu), fission products and neutron activation analysis (NAA) for environmental, geological, and biological samples. One real major advantage of these methods is that spectral interferences can be significantly reduced, as in the case of Compton suppression, or be eliminated as in gamma-gamma coincidence, while also reducing the Compton continuum and decreasing detection limits. An overview of these methods will be delineated with specific examples.
Fast Am, Pu and Sr separation after automated fusion of highly dense barite concrete
Authors: Jäggi M. , Heule M. , Köhler F. , Walter N. , Mayer S.
Published: December 2023

Currently, nuclear facilities built in the 1960s and 1970s have reached their end of life. Thus, the nuclear facilities are decommissioned or will be so in the near future, thus creating a lot of radioactive waste, including concrete, barite concrete, cutting mud etc., that has to be measured free. Whereas, non-destructive measurements, such as gamma-spectrometry, is mostly easy to be done, measurements of nuclide specific alpha- and beta-emitters need tedious laboratory work. These circumstances often limit the amount of sample throughput. In addition, refractory U or Pu particles can be expected in radioactive decommissioning samples, where common leaching processes are limited in use. Therefore, a full dissolution process at high temperatures is of the essence, to dissolve refractory particles as well. Multi-radionuclide chemical separation schemes are highly in favor to increase the throughput of decommissioning samples. In this work, we propose an automatic process for fusion to dissolve the decommissioning samples completely. Lithium borate is proven to be a suitable flux agent when applied to the sample in a ratio of at least 1:1.2. Elevated temperatures of 1000 to 1065 °C in combination with an automated shaking of the crucible results in suitable conditions to dissolve complicated matrices and refractory particles. To separate Am, Pu and Sr of the chosen matrix, the resins TEVA-UTEVA-DGA-Sr_Resin (Triskem international, Bruz, FR) in series can be applied to increase sample throughput. The whole dissolution and separation process can be performed within 2-3 days for four samples in parallel and shows highly reproducible results, which was proven by tracer experiments and analysis of real decommissioning samples.
Precise measurement of trace actinides using Phoenix TIMS
Authors: Palacz Z. , Yardley S. , Hockley M. , Guilfoyle S.
Published: December 2023

The performance characteristics of an Isotopx Phoenix equipped with 10 conversion dynode ion counters with newly developed MICX electronics is evaluated. This design allows the simultaneous measurement of actinides at unit mass spacing. The ion counters are independently movable allowing the study of a wide range of isotope systems. This instrument also has a Zeptona Faraday detector. This allows calibration of ion counter gain relative to a Faraday collector at count rates of <~10,000 cps, far lower than is possible for resistor-based Faraday collectors.
Unsupervised Refinement of Protein Structures
Authors: Bryer Alexander J. , Rey Juan S. , Xu Chaoyi , Hadden-Perilla Jodi A. , Perilla Juan R.
Published: December 2023

Protein structure–function relationships are of key interest in biochemistry and biophysics. The determination of structures is a crucial step towards establishing how protein folds and conformations drive the execution of fundamental biological processes. However, atomistic structure determination presents challenges, particularly for large or complex systems. The resolution of experimentally-determined structures impacts the ability of researchers to interpret data and elucidate key details of structure–function relationships. Here, we describe unsupervised approaches for protein structure refinement based on the Rosetta software suite and experimental data obtained by Cryo-EM or NMR, and demonstrate their application in example use cases. Results indicate that these approaches successfully address geometrical outliers in the initial models and significantly improve their structural quality while maintaining consistency with the experimental data. Since the refinement procedure is automated with minimal user input, the approaches are suitable as a pipeline for high-throughput protein structure refinement.
Electrochemical biosensors: rapid detection methods in wastewater-based epidemiology research
Authors: Yuan Chunying , Shu Mushui , Fu Zhaohui , Zhou Li , Guo Ling , Ding Ding , Wang Yu , Xu Zhizhen , Wang Jingyi , Wang Dongsheng
Published: December 2023

The fundamentals, sensing mechanisms, strategies for improving the performance and the representative discoveries of electrochemical biosensors for the monitoring of various targets are summarized.
Characterization of PKCα-rutin interactions and their application as a treatment strategy for pulmonary arterial hypertension by inhibiting ferroptosis
Authors: Che Haixia , Yi Jie , Zhao Xiaoting , Yu Hong , Wang Xianyao , Zhang Rui , Li Xin , Fu Jia , Li Qian
Published: December 2023

In this work, rutin was found to have great potential to regulate mitochondrial metabolism by targeting PKCα to suppress ferroptosis, and thus protect against PAH.
Novel quinolinepiperazinyl-aryltetrazoles targeting the blood stage of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Barmade Mahesh A. , Agrawal Prakhar , Rajput Sweta R. , Murumkar Prashant R. , Rana Bhavika , Sahal Dinkar , Yadav Mange Ram
Published: December 2023

This study offers compounds (66 and 75) as a new class of antimalarials, which are active against ACT-resistant strains of the Plasmodium and target several proteins of malaria parasite including the PfGAP50 protein.
FeAu mixing for high-temperature control of light scattering at the nanometer scale
Authors: Nominé Anna V. , Gunina Ekaterina V. , Bachinin Semyon V. , Solomonov Alexander I. , Rybin Mikhail V. , Shipilovskikh Sergei A. , Benrazzouq Salah-Eddine , Ghanbaja Jaafar , Gries Thomas , Bruyère Stephanie , Nominé Alexandre , Belmonte Thierry , Milichko Valentin A.
Published: December 2023

Mixing of immiscible elements in single nanoparticles allows controlling the light scattering via a temperature-induced phase change at 800 °C, paving the way to design high-temperature optical triggers at the nanometer scale.
Poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) copolyester obtained using 1,6-hexanediamine with high glass transition temperature
Authors: Wang Ying , Su Kunmei , Liu Chengzhi , Li Zhenhuan
Published: December 2023

The figure mainly describes the comparison of thermal and mechanical properties of PBF and PBAsF copolyesters, as well as the application of their polymer films and the effect of amide bonds on the application properties.
The first spectrofluorimetric protocol for sensitive quantitative analysis of bromocriptine in its pure and pharmaceutical forms: evaluation of the greenness of the method
Authors: Abdulrazik Shrouk G. , Attia Tamer Z. , Derayea Sayed M.
Published: December 2023

Bromocriptine mesylate, a dopamine D2 receptor agonist, has been quantitatively determined using a sensitive, precise, quick, and affordable spectrofluorimetric method.
A thiomorpholine substituted malonyl-coumarin dye for discriminative detection of hydrazine and strong acidity
Authors: Li Dong-Peng , Wei Liangchen , Guo Xinkang , Ran Xin , Zhang Tian , Zhang Taohuan , Xiao Haibin , Shu Wei
Published: December 2023

A simple probe for discriminative detection of hydrazine and strong acidity in different modes.
Predicting synthesis recipes of inorganic crystal materials using elementwise template formulation
Authors: Kim Seongmin , Noh Juhwan , Gu Geun Ho , Chen Shuan , Jung Yousung
Published: December 2023

An inorganic retrosynthesis model is proposed based on the concept of source element formulation and precursor templates.
Ligand field design enables quantum manipulation of spins in Ni2+ complexes
Authors: Wojnar Michael K. , Kundu Krishnendu , Kairalapova Arailym , Wang Xiaoling , Ozarowski Andrew , Berkelbach Timothy C. , Hill Stephen , Freedman Danna E.
Published: December 2023

Molecular qubits with the potential for optical read-out require careful ligand design to control zero-field splitting, D, for quantum manipulation. We find Ni2+ in a sulfur ligand field in a near-ideal octahedral environment enables quantum control.
An atomic surface site interaction point description of non-covalent interactions
Authors: Storer Maria Chiara , Zator Katarzyna J. , Reynolds Derek P. , Hunter Christopher A.
Published: December 2023

Atomic interaction points provide a comprehensive description of the non-covalent interaction properties of organic compounds and can be used to predict free energy contributions to intermolecular complexation including the effects of desolvation.
Elucidation of polyethylene glycol adsorption at the solid–H2O(l) interfaces of anatase TiO2(101) using density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Chun Hee-Joon , Kim Kang-Sahn , Ha Giwoong
Published: December 2023

Polyethylene glycol adsorption on anatase TiO2(101) in the presence of liquid water was investigated using the free energy analysis of a combined density functional theory and classical molecular dynamics simulations.
Self-assembly of Pt(ii)-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin via F⋯F interaction for efficient cocatalyst-free photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Bodedla Govardhana Babu , Piradi Venkatesh , Thor Waygen , Wong Ka-Leung , Zhu Xunjin , Wong Wai-Yeung
Published: December 2023

Self-assembled PtPFTPP via dominant F⋯F interaction restricts aggregation caused quenching (ACQ) in the solid state. This leads to longer-lived photoexcited triplet and thereby higher photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 400 μmol g−1 h−1 compared to self-assembled PtTPP with noticeable ACQ.
How do the sleep features that characterise depression impact memory?
Authors: Harrington Marcus O. , Reeve Sarah , Bower Joanne L. , Renoult Louis
Published: December 2023

Depression is associated with general sleep disturbance and abnormalities in sleep physiology. For example, compared with control subjects, depressed patients exhibit lower sleep efficiency, longer rapid eye movement (REM) sleep duration, and diminished slow-wave activity during non-REM sleep. A separate literature indicates that depression is also associated with many distinguishing memory characteristics, including emotional memory bias, overgeneral autobiographical memory, and impaired memory suppression. The sleep and memory features that hallmark depression may both contribute to the onset and maintenance of the disorder. Despite our rapidly growing understanding of the intimate relationship between sleep and memory, our comprehension of how sleep and memory interact in the aetiology of depression remains poor. In this narrative review, we consider how the sleep signatures of depression could contribute to the accompanying memory characteristics.
Autotuning of PID controller using the modified relay feedback test and optimization under uncertainty principle for robotic manipulators
Authors: Rehan Ahmed , Boiko Igor , Zweiri Yahya
Published: December 2023

The development of an autotuning mechanism for robotic manipulators, inspired by the success of autotuners in industrial systems, aims to reduce the time and cost of tuning robotic manipulators. This paper introduces an auto‐tuning method for PID controllers in robotic manipulators using the Modified Relay Feedback Test (MRFT) and the Optimization Under Uncertainty (OUU) principle. The mechanism is versatile, suitable for manipulators of varying scales and motor power capacities. It incorporates actuator dynamics and a combined model of Brushless DC motors with an n‐link manipulator for TR development. Various manipulator models, including commercial and open‐source types were used to refine and test the TR. An algorithm is also proposed for tuning commercial manipulators' controllers without changing the existing closed‐loop system structure. Experimental and simulation tests demonstrate the method's effectiveness, showing better performance than traditional approaches, particularly in reducing overshoot and settling time.
Dual‐channel pre‐regulator structure for the bandgaps in high step‐down DC‐DC converters
Authors: Ren Jiarui , Zhao Yue , Xiao Zhiming
Published: December 2023

High step‐down DC‐DC converters require a robust and low power pre‐regulated supply for bandgap reference. This paper proposes a structure that comprised of two current paths to achieve energy efficient pre‐regulation under high and low input voltage conditions. The design eliminated large size resistors for current limiting which is usually required for high input supplies. The presented pre‐regulator structure combined with the bandgap circuit was realized with the TSMC 180‐nm BCD process. The measured results show the proposed structure has a wide input voltage range of 3.5–45 V, a temperature coefficient of 5.63 ppm/°C and typical average current consumption of 1.1 μA.
LWE‐based verifiable essential secret image sharing scheme ((t,s,k,n)$( {t,s,k,n} )$ ‐ VESIS)
Authors: Dehkordi Massoud Hadian , Farahi Seyed Taghi , Mashhadi Samaneh
Published: December 2023

In traditional secret image sharing schemes, shareholders have similar situations, and to recover the secret image, they must be present as many as the threshold. However, in scenarios where the shareholders occupy different positions, essential and non‐essential, the use of essential secret image sharing schemes becomes necessary. This article presents a novel verifiable essential secret image sharing scheme based on LWEs that incorporates Bloom filters and hash functions for verification purposes. The proposed scheme for a secret image does not require any pre‐processing. The shadow images of both essential and non‐essential shareholders are of the same size, eliminating the need for concatenating sub‐shadows. Furthermore, shadow images for essential and non‐essential shareholders are produced simultaneously in a single step. The scheme is also quantum safe thanks to the use of quantum‐resistant primitives. The experimental results confirm the security and efficiency of the proposed scheme.
Distributed non‐linear model predictive control with Gaussian process dynamics for two‐dimensional motion of vehicle platoon
Authors: Hu Xiaorong , Shi Yao , Xie Lei , Su Hongye
Published: December 2023

The platoon control of connected and automated vehicles is an important topic in transportation research. The characteristics of non‐linearities, external disturbances, and strong coupling are non‐negligible in two‐dimensional motion control. An integrated longitudinal and lateral vehicle dynamics is required. A Gaussian Process‐based Distributed Stochastic Model Predictive Control (GP‐DSMPC) for two‐dimensional motion is proposed. It achieves global longitudinal stability and lateral error suppression. Gaussian process (GP) regression is employed to approximate the unknown model error. For the two‐norm chance constraints, over‐approximating the confidence ellipse to an outer polyhedron is an effective way to reduce the conservativeness and coupling effect in longitudinal and lateral motion. A neighbour‐average target trajectory is designed with an upper‐level optimization for adjustable target coefficients. The sum of the local cost functions is used as a Lyapunov candidate to achieve the global stability of the longitudinal motion. Some conditions on penalty weights and target coefficients among subsystems, and terminal outputs are derived. Simulation results reveal that the proposed method is effective for disturbance attenuation and performs better than distributed non‐linear model predictive control without GP estimation under low‐friction road conditions.
Rate coefficients for the rotational de-excitation of OCS by collision with He
Authors: Denis-Alpizar Otoniel , Guerra Cristian , Zarate Ximena
Published: December 2023

Context. In typical molecular clouds, analyzing the physicochemical conditions with nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium models requires knowledge of the collisional rate coefficients between the detected molecule and the most common colliders in the interstellar medium (ISM); for example H2, He, and H. The OCS molecule has been widely observed in the ISM. However, the collision data available for this species were calculated using a potential energy surface (PES) that shows differences with surfaces presented recently.

Aims. The main goal of this work is to report a new set of rate coefficients for the collision of OCS with He based on a new PES computed at a high level of theory.

Methods. We developed an analytical PES using a large set of ab initio energies calculated using the coupled cluster with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations (CCSD(T)) method at the completed basis set limit for the OCS+He complex. We used this surface in close-coupling calculations, and computed a new set of collisional rate coefficients for OCS and He.

Results. We compare the de-excitation rate coefficients with previously available data. Furthermore, we observe a |Δj| = 1 propensity rule. Finally, we report a set of rate coefficients for the lower 39 rotational states of OCS, which is the largest set determined to date for this collision.
Acoustic research for telecoms: bridging the heritage to the future
Authors: Nicol Rozenn , Monfort Jean-Yves
Published: December 2023

In its early age, telecommunication was focused on voice communications, and acoustics was at the heart of the work related to speech coding and transmission, automatic speech recognition or speech synthesis, aiming at offering better quality (Quality of Experience or QoE) and enhanced services to users. As technology has evolved, the research themes have diversified, but acoustics remains essential. This paper gives an overview of the evolution of acoustic research for telecommunication. Communication was initially (and for a long time) only audio with a monophonic narrow-band sound (i.e. [300–3400 Hz]). After the bandwidth extension (from the wide-band [100–7000 Hz] to the full-band [20 Hz–20 kHz] range), a new break was the introduction of 3D sound, either to provide telepresence in audioconferencing or videoconferencing, or to enhance the QoE of contents such as radio, television, VOD, or video games. Loudspeaker or microphone arrays have been deployed to implement “Holophonic” or “Ambisonic” systems. The interaction between spatialized sounds and 3D images was also investigated. At the end of the 2000s, smartphones invaded our lives. Binaural sound was immediately acknowledged as the most suitable technology for reproducing 3D audio on smartphones. However, to achieve a satisfactory QoE, binaural filters need to be customized in relation with the listener’s morphology. This question is the main obstacle to a mass-market distribution of binaural sound, and its solving has prompted a large amount of work. In parallel with the development of technologies, their perceptual evaluation was an equally important area of research. In addition to conventional methods, innovative approaches have been explored for the assessment of sound spatialization, such as physiological measurement, neuroscience tools or Virtual Reality (VR). The latest development is the use of acoustics as a universal sensor for the Internet of Things (IoT) and connected environments. Microphones can be deployed, preferably with parcimony, in order to monitor surrounding sounds, with the goal of detecting information or events thanks to models of automatic sound recognition based on neural networks. Applications range from security and personal assistance to acoustic measurement of biodiversity. As for the control of environments or objects, voice commands have become widespread in recent years thanks to the tremendous progress made in speech recognition, but an even more intuitive mode based on direct control by the mind is proposed by Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs), which rely on sensory stimulation using different modalities, among which the auditory one offers some advantages.
Prospects for the introduction of fodder species Artemisia into culture
Authors: Shamsutdinova Elmira , Shamsutdinov Zebri
Published: December 2023

In many desert communities, the basis of pasture ecosystems are species of the genus Artemisia, which are edifiers of plant communities in the vast territories of the Central Asia desert zone. Sagebrush pastures with a diverse set of plant species and life forms are used in desert animal husbandry all year round. Artemisia spp. is good fodder pastures plants. Green twigs contain 16.9% protein, 4.4% fat, 39% nitrogen-free extractives. Artemisia diffusa, А. turanica are common on desert graybrown and gray-earth soils with different granulometric composition, Artemisia halophila has a narrow ecological area confined to saline soils. The fodder mass of Artemisia spp. serves as the main type of sheep fodder and is especially appreciated in the autumn, winter and early spring periods. As a result of irrational use, the natural sagebrush pastures of deserts are degraded and need to restore their fodder productivity. All three wild–growing species – Artemisia turanica, Artemisia diffusa, Artemisia halophyla in culture conditions accelerate the passage of phenological phases in the process of ontogenesis. Individuals of species populations of sagebrush develop faster in cultural conditions than in natural sagebrush communities. In the culture conditions the process of ontogenesis, skeletal axes of the shrub are laid at the base of the maternal shoots in young individuals, in the second or third year of life, the tested species of sagebrush form a morphologically full-fledged life form of a semishrub with a feed productivity 3-5 times higher than the yield of natural pastures. In the conditions of Artemisia spp. culture, they grow well and quickly. Many individuals enter the fruiting season in the first year of life.
Changes in the relative copy numbers of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA in the leaves of Vitis vinifera L. after high-temperature treatment in vitro
Authors: Vodolazhsky Dmitry I. , Kryukov Lavr A.
Published: December 2023

In the context of global warming, studying the consequences of increased temperature on agricultural crops becomes important for predicting the shortand long-term impacts on productivity. The effects of elevated temperature on grapevine plants lead to increased yield losses in viticulture. Micropropagated grapevine plants of the ‘Chardonnay’ variety were grown in vitro on MS medium and subjected to heat treatment at 45°C for 120 minutes. The control group of plants was not exposed to heat treatment. The levels of relative copy numbers of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA were determined in leaf tissues of all plant groups using the RT-PCR method 30 days after heat treatment. In the group of plants subjected to heat treatment, statistically significant (p>0.05) reductions in the relative copy numbers of mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA were observed compared to the control group, with a decrease of over 30%. The copy number of chloroplast DNA exceeded that of mitochondrial DNA by more than 20 times in both the experimental and control groups. Heat treatment of micropropagated grapevine plants in vitro resulted in a closer correlation (r=+0.86) in the regulation of activity between these organelles, alongside the decrease in relative copy numbers of both mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA. This study demonstrates the promising use of relative copy numbers of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA in plant leaves to investigate their potential physiological response to adverse environmental factors.
Tracking of plasmodesmata localization with the use of fluorescently labelled VAP27 protein
Authors: Kulamikhina Irina , Kanunnikova Natalia , Selezneva Olga
Published: December 2023

Plasmodesmata play a crucial role in plant development processes, biotic and abiotic stress responses. The thick space inside of a plasmodesma between the plasma membrane and desmotubule is tethered by spoke-like elements. VAP27 is a transmembrane protein localized in plasmodesmata that acts as their tether. The aim of the study was to investigate the integration of fluorescently labelled VAP27 protein into plasma membrane in Nicotiana benthamiana plasmodesmata which would enable the tracking of N. benthamiana plasmodesmata localization in vivo. The research was done by infiltration of N. benthamiana with the Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells. A. tumefaciens were transformed with the GreenGate assembled plasmid containing the gene coding for Nterminally labelled VAP27 with EGFP. The EGFP fluorescence was detected by confocal imaging of N. benthamiana leaves. Prior to confocal imaging, the leaves were infiltrated with aniline blue, which acted as plasmodesmata marker. The findings revealed the colocalization of positions of VAP27-EGFP expression and plasmodesmata. The conclusion was made that the integration of VAP27-EGFP into the plasma membrane in plasmodesmata was successful.
Conservation of grape genetic resources in the system in vitro
Authors: Pavlova I.A. , Klimenko V.P. , Zlenko V.A. , Luschay Е.А. , Abdurashitova А.S. , Grigorenko M.I.
Published: December 2023

Conservation of grape genetic resources in the system in vitro can be a contribution to ampelographic collections, and a source of their replenishment with healthy planting material. The goal of the study is to create a vegetative in vitro collection of plants of promising grape varieties and clones, optimize the conditions for maintaining samples. The basis for obtaining, cultivating, clonal micro-propagating of grape plants is the research and development of the Institute Magarach. At the moment, the collection is represented by 144 samples of grape varieties and clones. Samples of the collection are kept in a state of active growth, slow growth and true dormancy. Previous studies followed to establishment of five modes to maintain grape plants in the system in vitro. Changes in the parameters of individual factors affecting morphogenesis made it possible to slow down growth processes and reduce the number of re-plantings. The most promising mode to conserve samples is the fifth one (this method is patented). As a result of the research carried out in the Institute Magarach, a vegetative collection of plants in vitro of promising grape varieties and clones was created. It includes Crimean autochthonous varieties and varieties of the Institute Magarach breeding. The developed modes of collection conservation allow slowing down growth processes and maintaining plants in a state of true dormancy without re-planting for one to two years.
Creation, preservation, and study of ampelographic collection in the branch of the SPB “Pushkin and Pavlovsky Laboratories of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) (St. Petersburg)”
Authors: Kislin E.N. , Sherov-Ignatiev P.V.
Published: December 2023

The article presents data on the creation, preservation, and study of a collection of grape varieties, as well as their wild relatives, including Amur Grape (Vitis amurensis Rupr.), in open ground conditions of the North-West of Russia (St. Petersburg) (59°42.852’ s. w., 30°23.784’ v. d.). More than 50 samples were planted, of which 42 samples were included in the Institute’s database (VIR), both in the permanent (17) and temporary catalog (25). The collection contains representatives of the genera Ampelopsis, Parthenocissus and Vitis (Vitis amurensis Rupr., V. riparia Michx., V. vulpina L., V. labrusca L., V. palmata Vahl., V. coignetiae Pull.), obtained from the harshest places of their native habitat, as well as from the botanical gardens of Russia. Early, cold-resistant varieties and wild-growing forms of the genus Vitis, characterized by stable ripening of the vine and the accumulation of sugars, as well as a low content of organic acids, were attracted. The main grape diseases mildew and oidium were not identified.
Legal estimation of adverse effects of genome technologies applied to embryos
Authors: Begishev Ildar , Shutova Albina , Denisovich Veronika , Majorov Andrey , Shatilovich Olga
Published: December 2023

By manipulating the genome, it is possible to correct hereditary diseases in humans. Ensuring the birth of healthy children by diagnosing and selecting, for in vitro fertilization, an embryo that does not contain a pathogenic mutation is a serious prospect in modern genomic research. However, the legislative approaches of states towards this issue remain very ambiguous due to the complexity of the ethical and legal sides of this problem. We believe that a single consensus international position should be adopted on the issues of intervention in the human genome, otherwise permission to conduct in one country may lead to negative reactions in other states and lay criminal risks in this area.
The impact of Ceftriaxone on Relative Copy Numbers of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast DNA in Grapevine Leaves
Authors: Vodolazhsky Dmitry I. , Kryukov Lavr A.
Published: December 2023

The cultivation of micropropagated grapevine plants in vitro is currently undergoing improvements in existing methods and the development of new cultivation techniques due to the problem of bacterial contamination caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Explants (Vitis vinifera L., ‘Chardonnay’ variety) were cultured on Murashige-Skoog basal medium supplemented with different concentrations of ceftriaxone: 0 mg/L, 250 mg/L, and 1000 mg/L. After 30 days, morphometric characteristics of the micropropagated plants and relative copy numbers of mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA were evaluated. Leaf samples (5-10 mg) were randomly selected from each plant group for subsequent total DNA extraction. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed using LightCycler 480 SYBR Green I Master Mix (LifeScience, Roche) and analyzed with a LightCycler 96 automated analyzer (Roche Life Science). The relative copy numbers of NAD1 (mitochondrial DNA) and rps16 (chloroplast DNA) genes were determined using the GAPDH gene (chromosomal DNA) as the reference. The 2-DCt and 2-DDCt algorithms were used for quantitative assessment. Ceftriaxone at concentrations of 250 and 1000 mg/l reduces the relative number of copies of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA, which indicates the suppression of photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation in grape microplants. The experimental scheme developed by us can be successfully used as a test system for assessing the degree of influence of various biogenic and abiogenic factors on plant objects in order to optimize their cultivation.
Cotton: Effectiveness of Weed Control Measures in Cereal Rotation Fields
Authors: Khasanova Firyuza , Karabaev Ikramjan , Eshankulov Mukhtarkhan , Marufkhonov Khasankhzha , Turaev Javokhirbek
Published: December 2023

The article presents data on weed seed penetration through water and the amount of weed seeds found in the soil of the area where previous crops were cultivated in the cotton:grain rotation system in the conditions of the soils prone to salinity of the Syrdarya region. On the basis of the conducted research, when increasing the effectiveness of chemical control measures against annual and perennial weeds in the fields, the number of annual and perennial weeds is 85.8Up to 79.4%, and 85.395.2% reduction was found when Zellek super herbicide was applied at the rate of 1.0 l/ha in the period of cotton combing. The durations and rates of herbicides used against weeds in the cotton field had a positive effect on yield: 2.3 t/ha when herbicide was applied with seeding, 5.4 t/ha when herbicide was applied with seeding and combing, and weed control at the end of the effective period. it was stated that 1.4 tons/ha of additional yield was obtained as a result of the visit.
Impact of Internal Control on Varietal and Sowing Qualities of Seeds
Authors: Yakubov Muzaffar , Rashidova Dilbar , Oripov Sherali
Published: December 2023

The manifestation of main attributes which form the yield and oil-bearing capacity depends strongly on cultivation conditions and such attributes as height of plants, height of first inflorescence and 1000 kernels weight are characterized by high heritability. The research was conducted in Gallyaaral Experimental Station, farms of Jizzak oblast. Wheat varieties “Semrug”, “Dustlik”, “Durdona” sown under irrigated conditions and “Istiklol” sown under rainfed conditions were used for research. Biometric observations of plant growth and development were carried out on the crops during the growing season. It was determined that the varietal purity corresponds to the requirements of the standard, and the sown seeds can be used for further reproduction. The correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship with yield. A weak correlation was shown for Safflower varieties between yield and number of seeds in the boll (r=0.18) for oilseed flax (r=0.18). The oil content varied from 20% to 26.5 and exceeded the standard.
Ensuring food security of the Republic of Uzbekistan in modern conditions
Authors: Burundukova Elena , Dyatlova Tatyana , Ustyuzhantseva Anastasiya , Shulimova Marina , Fayzullaev Nurulla
Published: December 2023

The article presents the theoretical aspects of the concept of food security, and, in particular, its elemental composition. The current state of the agricultural sector as the basis of the food independence of any state is analyzed. An assessment was made of trends in food security of the Republic of Uzbekistan based on the criteria of physical and economic accessibility, as well as factors that have an indirect impact on the level of food security in the country. The results of the ranking of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the global food security index are analyzed. Based on the analysis of the regulatory framework and documents of the strategic development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, assessment of its food independence, identification of strengths and weaknesses of the country’s existing food security system, a methodological architecture of food security of the Republic of Uzbekistan was proposed, reflecting the development priorities of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of food security as one of key components of economic and national security.
The Significance of Environmental Awareness for Protecting Nature and Cherishing the Earth
Authors: Pramita Fenny , Taufik Muhammad , Jumailah  , Ikal Ikal , Subroto Gatot
Published: December 2023

Environmental awareness is a critical component of environmental protection. The purpose of this study is to assess students’ knowledge of the environment and its influence on pro-environmental behaviour. A survey research design was employed in this study. The survey was carried out by delivering questionnaires to UMRAH students. A linear regression analysis was performed to assess the association between environmental awareness and the ability to maintain nature and the earth. According to the data collected, 67% of respondents strongly agreed and 30% agreed in the first aspect. Furthermore, 68% of respondents strongly agreed, whereas 32% agreed in the second aspect. The third aspect received 66.6% of respondents who replied highly agree and 32.2% who answered agreed, while the fourth aspect received 71.4% of respondents who said strongly agree and 28.2% who answered agreed. As a result, it can be stated that respondents believe it is critical to be environmentally conscious to protecting nature and the earth. This study demonstrates the importance of environmental awareness in protecting nature and respecting the earth’s ecology.
Coastal Community Sports Awareness
Authors: Sumarni Een , Intasir M. Pemberdi
Published: December 2023

The term coastal community refers to groups of people who live or carry out activities in coastal areas or beaches. The aim of this research is to determine the community’s awareness of exercise in terms of indicators of positive views towards sport, feeling the need to exercise and understanding health conditions. The research sample was the coastal community of Tanjungpinang City, totaling 78 people. The research instrument used a questionnaire regarding exercise awareness with a Likert scale approach. Sample. The results of data analysis on sports awareness in the coastal communities of Tanjungpinang City were 57.25% with fairly good criteria.
Linking Citizenship to Education for Sustainability, a Theory of Change Conceptual Framework
Authors: Hasrul Hasrul , Irawan Bony
Published: December 2023

Planetary-level anthropogenic pressure is attributable to both large-scale industry and modern lifestyle. However, the prevailing concept of sustainability education primarily focuses on people’s responsibilities, neglecting to educate students about the roles and responsibilities of government and industry in effecting systemic changes for sustainability. This paper proposes a conceptual framework utilizing the Theory of Change as a foundational model for effective sustainability education. By integrating the Theory of Change, this framework aims to introduce citizenship to balanced responsibilities between education institution, governmental bodies, and industries within the context of sustainability education.
Addressing mangrove degradation in Littoral Bintan, Indonesia by applying the common consent principle: An education for Littoral states
Authors: Thahira Atika , Adhayanto Oksep , Irman  , Arjuna Hendra
Published: December 2023

Mangroves, referred to as green belts, have the potential to minimize environmental damage. Mangrove degradation causes marine environmental degradation, such as coastal erosion, which impacts both the coastal conditions and its users. This research employs empirical research methods and it is discovered that national data indicates that in the Kepulauan Riau Province, the mangrove forest is spread across an area of 68,417 hectares. However, approximately 37,000 hectares of the forest have been damaged or destroyed.The amount of damage inflicted is undoubtedly staggering, with the destruction of the mangrove forest region in the Riau Archipelagic Province exceeding half 55% of the total spread of mangrove forests. One of the locations most heavily impacted by damage to mangrove forests can be found on Bintan Island. Should this situation persist, it will lead to degradation of the marine environment, adversely affecting not only the coastal nation but also the end user. Thus, it is imperative to implement the principle of mutual agreement. Ramsar Convention 1971, UNCED 1992 which is part of the World Heritage Convention.
Argumentation Writing Skills of Preservice Teacher in Higher Education: Mapping for Development
Authors: Dahnuss Dodi , Sarwi Sarwi , Marwoto Putut , Linuwih Suharto
Published: December 2023

Argumentation skills are an important domain to be provided to students in higher education. This study aims to identify the level and category of scientific argumentation skills among students. The method used in this research is content analysis. Twenty-three students’ written scientific arguments about environmental issues were analyzed to be mapped. The mapping analysis of students’ written arguments is divided into two parts. Mapping analysis of students’ written arguments is grouped into two parts. First, the analysis focuses on the completeness of the argumentation components without considering their scientificity. Second, the analysis is more emphasized on the argumentation component and the scientific level of the argument. The research findings illustrate that the argumentation component without a scientific level is dominated by grade 2 (ie Data, Claims and/or Warrants). Meanwhile, the research results on the argumentation component and the scientific level of argumentation are dominated by the Unacceptable-Incorrect Scientific Knowledge (SU-2) category. Thus, written argumentation skills must be taught to students comprehensively. This study is important for lecturers because it provides an overview of the ability of scientific argumentation among students, which then helps lecturers in determining the next step in the learning process by adopting appropriate teaching strategies.
The Adaptation of Malay Philosophy Values through Maritime education Preservation and Conservation Wisdom
Authors: Shuhaizam Said Tajul , Ramli Harozila , Damia Natasha Aneesa
Published: December 2023

This academic investigation embarks on a comprehensive exploration of the amalgamation of Malay philosophy, Islamic heritage, and environmental wisdom, which offers a distinctive perspective with far-reaching implications for maritime education. Navigating an array of dimensions encompassing social values, customary norms, environmental ethics, belief systems, and traditional spatial practices, this inquiry unveils the profound significance of Malay wisdom for environmental preservation and harmonious coexistence. Central to this convergence is the deep-seated respect Malay society places on environmental preservation, an integral facet of their cultural identity. This reverence infuses daily life and is embodied in an unwavering commitment to environmental stewardship. Moreover, Malay customary norms stand as an exemplar of sustainable resource management, ensuring responsible resource utilization through traditions passed down through generations. The guiding principle of “Pantang Larang,” an array of traditional prohibitions, is instrumental in ecological conservation. At the heart of this environmental wisdom lies a unique set of ethics, firmly rooted in the belief that humans are entrusted with the role of stewards of the environment. These ethical values find resonance in Islamic teachings, emphasizing the responsibility to safeguard the Earth as a divine trust. These principles inform traditional practices, meticulously minimizing environmental impact and ensuring the longevity of vital resources. Islamic heritage further amplifies the Malay commitment to environmental stewardship, accentuating the interconnectedness of all life forms and venerating the environment as a divine gift. In conclusion, this amalgamation of Malay philosophy and Islamic heritage nurtures profound environmental wisdom, deeply embedded in social values, customary norms, environmental ethics, belief systems, and spatial practices. The incorporation of these insights into maritime education has the potential to elevate ecological awareness and encourage responsible practices, acknowledging the interdependence of all life forms and the imperative of sustainable coexistence with the natural world. This research sheds light on the vital role of Malay philosophy and Islamic heritage in nurturing a holistic understanding of environmental stewardship within the context of maritime education.
The Importance of Reading Skill for Maritime Literacy: A Literature Review
Authors: Pujiastuti Indah , Damayanti Vismaia S. , Mulyati Yeti , Sastromihardjo Andoyo
Published: December 2023

A language is needed for maritime discipline. This research aims to identify the role of language skills, especially reading skills, on learner’s maritime competence. The research method used is a Systematic Literature Review. The articles used in this research are journal articles determined based on criteria from 2013-2023. Articles were obtained from the Google Scholar search page. Based on the literature review, it was found that reading skill is fundamental to improving learners’ maritime literacy. Mastery of specialized vocabulary is of particular concern in maritime-based reading instruction. In reading instruction, instructors should combine theoretical and practical approaches to help develop effective reading skills for maritime literacy.
Application of Rosmery (Rosmarinus officinalis) Solution to Reduce Marine Leeches in “Cantang” Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus x Epinephelus lanceolatus)
Authors: Zahra Aminatul , Rimandi Bakkara Okto , Miranti Shavika , Irawan Henky , Wulandari Rika , Muzahar Muzahar , Yulianto Tri
Published: December 2023

One common disease that attacks hybrid grouper is marine leech (Zeylanicobdella sp.). Therefore, it is necessary to take safe and environmentally friendly treatment steps, namely bathing fish infected with marine leeches with rosemary solution. This research examined the application of rosemary solution with different concentrations and bathing times to decrease the intensity of marine leech infections in “cantang” hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus x Epinephelus lanceolatus). The experimental design of this research was a randomized factorial design (rosemary solution concentration factor and bathing time factor) with three replications. This experimental’s treatments were a combination of rosemary solution concentrations (0, 7.5, and 15 mL/L) and bathing times (20, 40, and 60 minutes). The experiment showed that the interaction of concentration and bathing time of rosemary significantly eliminate the number of leeches in “cantang” hybrid grouper. The rosemary solution at concentrations of 15 mL/L and 7.5 mL/L significantly differed from the control; 15 mL/L was the best concentration for reducing leeches intensity, with an average intensity reduction of 29.91%. The best duration of bathing rosemary to decrease the intensity of leeches in “cantang” hybrid grouper is 60 minutes, with an average reduction in intensity of 19.21%. However, the concentration and duration of bathing in rosemary solution could not decrease the prevalence of leeches in “cantang” hybrid grouper. Bathing grouper fish in rosemary solution at a dose of 15 mL/L for 60 minutes is the best treatment to decrease the intensity of leech attacks on grouper fish by 44.85%. Bathing hybrid grouper with rosemary solution is one solution to decrease the intensity of marine leech attacks on fish farming.