bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tunable and dual band rectangular microstrip antenna for bluetooth and WiMAX applications
Authors: Kale Ganesh M , Labade Rekha P , Pawase Ramesh S
Published: May 2015

A rectangular microstrip antenna (RMSA) with two slots placed close and parallel to nonradiating edges for tunable and dual band operation with single feed has been demonstrated. A tunable operation can be achieved by the adding electrically small slots along the patch edges. For two frequencies TM10 and TM30 are the first two modes of simple RMSA are perturbed and two frequencies with same polarization, broadside radiation, and impedance characteristics. Dual frequency operations easily obtained if two slots placed together and are of same dimensions, which equals to greater than half of length. The proposed design is suitable for dual band operation for Bluetooth 2450 MHz–WiMAX 3500 MHz. Slot dimensions was taken identical for the symmetry. The performance parameters of the proposed RMSA with and without slots were compared. Furthermore, a parametric analysis carried out by taking variations in the length (Ls), width (d) and spacing (S) between the two slots, the frequency ratio is tuned in the range 1.41 to 1.45. The dimensions of the proposed antenna 50 × 54 × 1.6mm3 with the size reduction compared with conventional microstrip antenna (MSA).The proposed antenna is simulated using HFSS based on finite element method and simulated return loss, radiation pattern and impedance were presented. Finally fabrication and measurement of VSWR of the proposed antenna has been taken. The HFSS results and measured results are in good agreement. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1986–1991, 2015
High performance superconducting common resonator diplexer and analysis between isolations and topologies
Authors: Lu Xilong , Wei Bin , Cao Bisong , Guo Xubo , Zhang Xiaoping
Published: May 2015

This letter presents a high performance superconducting common resonator diplexer design with wide stopband. The relationship between the channel isolations and diplexer topologies is investigated. The channel isolations are mostly determined by the resonators close to the output port. So under a given isolation value, some of the branch resonators far from the output port can be replaced by dual‐band resonators. The proposed common resonator diplexer has no need of the extra matching network, resulting compact size, and simple design. The two channel frequencies and bandwidths of the diplexer can be independently controlled. Measured results agree well with the simulated ones. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1952–1956, 2015
Conformational analysis, part 43. A theoretical and LIS/NMR investigation of the conformations of substituted benzamides
Authors: Abraham Raymond J. , Aboitiz Nuria , Filippi Marco , Genesio Eva , Piaggio Paola , Sancassan Fernando
Published: May 2015

A refined Lanthanide‐Induced‐Shift Analysis (LISA) is used with molecular mechanics and ab initio calculations to investigate the conformations of benzamide (1), N‐methylbenzamide (2), N,N‐dimethylbenzamide (3) and the conformational equilibria of 2‐fluoro (4), 2‐chloro (5) and N‐methyl‐2‐methoxy benzamide (6). The amino group in 1 is planar in the crystal but is calculated to be pyramidal with the CO/phenyl torsional angle (ω) of 20–25°. The LISA analysis gave acceptable agreement factors (Rcryst ≤ 1%) for the ab initio geometries when ω was decreased to 0°, the other geometries were not as good. In 2, the N‐methyl is coplanar with the carbonyl group in all the geometries. Good agreement was obtained for the RHF geometries, with ω 25°, the other geometries were only acceptable with increased values of ω. In 3, good agreement for the RHF and PCModel geometries was found when ω was changed from the calculated values of 40° (RHF) and 90° (PCModel) to ca. 60°, the X‐ray and B3LYP geometries were not as good.

The two substituted compounds 4, 5 and 6 are interconverting between the cis (O,X) and trans (O,X) conformers. The more stable trans conformer is planar in 4 and 6 but the cis form non‐planar. Both the cis and trans conformers of 5 are non‐planar. There is an additional degree of freedom in 6 due to the 2‐methoxy group, which can be either planar or orthogonal to the phenyl ring in both conformers. The conformer ratios were obtained from the LISA analysis to give Ecis‐Etrans in 4 > 2.3 kcal/mol (CDCl3) and 1.7 kcal/mol (CD3CN), in 5 0.0 kcal/mol (CD3CN) and in 6 > 2.5 kcal/mol (CDCl3) and 2.0 kcal/mol (CD3CN). These values were used with the observed versus calculated 1H shifts to determine the conformer ratios and energies in DMSO solvent to give Ecis‐Etrans 1.1, −0.1 and 1.8 kcal/mol for (4), (5) and (6). Comparison of the observed versus calculated conformer energies show that both the MM and ab initio calculations overestimate the NH..F hydrogen bond in (4) by ca. 2 kcal/mol. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining odours isolated from phylogenetically diverse sources yields a better lure for yellow jackets
Authors: Unelius C Rikard , Suckling D Maxwell , Brown Robert L , Jósvai Julia K , El‐Sayed Ashraf M
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUND

Invasive wasps have major impacts on bird populations and other biodiversity in New Zealand beech forests, and new solutions are needed for their management. Baits were combined from four phylogenetically diverse sources (protein and carbohydrate) to improve attraction to a level that could be used as the basis for more powerful attract‐and‐kill systems. Many compounds from honey, scale insect honeydew, fermenting brown sugar and green‐lipped mussels were highly attractive and, when combined, outcompeted known attractants.

RESULTS

The equivolumetric lure (equal parts of 3‐methylbut‐1‐yl acetate, 2‐ethyl‐1‐butanol, 1‐octen‐3‐ol, 3‐octanone, methyl phenylacetate and heptyl butanoate), gave a 5–10‐fold improvement over the known attractant, octyl butanoate, and other previously patented lures. An economically optimised lure of the same compounds, but in a ratio of 2:1.6:1:1:2:2.4, was equally attractive as the equal‐ratio lure. Pilot mass trapping attempts with this latter lure revealed that >400 wasps trap−1 day−1 could be caught at the peak of the season.

CONCLUSION

The new lures are comprised of compounds from animals, plants and fungi, thus targeting the omnivorous behaviour of these wasps. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Relaxor–ferroelectric crossover seen via characteristic temperatures of BaxSr1–xTiO3 ferroelectrics detected by acoustic emission
Authors: Dul'kin Evgeniy , Zhai Jiwei , Roth Michael
Published: May 2015

BaxSr1–xTiO3 ferroelectrics ceramic with x = 70 and 80% have been studied by means of acoustic emission over a wide 0–300 °C temperature range and under dc external electric field. All the Curie temperatures Tc, intermediate temperatures T*, and Burns temperatures Td have been successfully detected and compared with those previously detected in BaxSr1–xTiO3 with x = 60% and pure BaTiO3, using the acoustic emission. For all the compounds, the critical end points at which the strains are expected to be largest, have been successfully detected, too. While the Tc linearly increases as x increases, it was established that both the T* and Td exhibit nonlinear behavior: they initially decrease, attain the minima near x ≈ 70% and then start to increase and tend to those, corresponding to pure BaTiO3, as it was previously reconstructed for Td in BaZrxTi1–xO3 compound [Shvartsman and Lupascu, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 95, 1 (2012)]. Such a phenomenon is discussed from the viewpoint of the presence of polar nanoregions, intrinsic to pure BaTiO3 in the paraelectric phase, and it is concluded, that a minimum in both the T*(x) and Td(x) dependences points out a range of relaxor–ferroelectric crossovers in Ba‐based compounds.
Light or Heat? The Origin of Cargo Release from Nanoimpeller Particles Containing Upconversion Nanocrystals under IR Irradiation
Authors: Dong Juyao , Zink Jeffrey I.
Published: May 2015

Nanoimpellers are mesoporous silica nanoparticles that contain azobenzene derivatives bonded inside the pores and rely on the continuous photoisomerization of multiple azobenzenes to release cargo under near UV irradiation. A recent study employs upconversion nanocrystal embedded particles to replace UV light with IR light to stimulate nanoimpellers. However, the photothermal effect of IR irradiation and its likely contribution to the observed release behavior are not examined. It is found that, in the absence of upconversion nanocrystals, the azobenzene co‐condensed silica particles still respond to 980 nm illumination, which increases the nanoparticle temperature by 25 °C in 15 min, experimentally measured by an encapsulated nanothermometer. After suppressing the heating, the IR irradiation does not initiate the release, indicating that optical heating, not upconverted light, is responsible for the triggered cargo release. The results are explained by numerical analyses.
Gateway to Baku
Authors: Espinha Miguel , Greiner Hansjörg , Ziegler René
Published: May 2015

Am Flughafen Baku in Aserbaidschan wurde das neue Terminalgebäude für den Flugbetrieb eröffnet. Dieses gemeinsam mit einem internationalen Team von Planern entwickelte Projekt zeigt bespielhaft die Herausforderungen beim Bauen in der Region. Im folgenden Artikel wird der Prozess von der Geometriebeschreibung über die Entwicklung des Tragwerkskonzeptes unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Erdbebenbeanspruchung sowie deren Auswirkung auf das Toleranzkonzept der Gebäudehülle skizziert. Weiterhin wird auf die Besonderheiten der Fertigungsprozesse sowie auf die Anforderungen an die Montageabläufe näher eingegangen, die es im Zuge der Realisierung dieser anspruchsvollen Geometrie des Terminals als Stahl‐Glas‐Struktur zu berücksichtigen gab.

Gateway to Baku – The steel and glass building envelope of the new airport terminal in Azerbaijan. The new terminal building was opened at the Baku airport (Azerbaijan) for flight operations. Developed in collaboration with an international team of planners project shows the challenges that need to be tackled when building in the region. The present article presents the development process for the geometry and the structural concept, with special emphasis on the severity of the seismic load and its consequences on the design of the tolerance concept for the building envelope. Furthermore, a presentation is made of the particularities of the complex fabrication and installation processes that made the realization of such a challenging geometry out of a steel‐glass structure possible.
Die Retheklappbrücke in Hamburg
Authors: Dorrer Günther
Published: May 2015

Im Jahre 1934 wurde die heute noch in Betrieb befindliche Rethe‐Hubbrücke in Hamburg errichtet, welche ab 2016 durch die neue Rethebrücke ersetzt werden wird. Die neue bewegliche Brücke wird als zweiflügelige Klappbrücke in Stahlbauweise mit einer Spannweite von 104,2 m zwischen den Drehlagern errichtet. Im Gegensatz zu der bestehenden Rethequerung erhalten die Verkehrsträger Straße und Schiene bei der neuen Brücke getrennte Überbauten, die auf gemeinsamen Unterbauten sitzen. Für den Schiffsverkehr vergrößert sich die Durchfahrtsbreite um 20,0 m auf 64,0 m. Die Gesamtbreite der Straßenklappbrücke beträgt 14,0 m, die der Bahnklappbrücke 10,3 m. Die Brückenklappen werden über einen hydraulischen Antrieb mittels Hydraulikzylindern zwischen der Verkehrs‐ und Hochlage bewegt. Eine Besonderheit der Rethebrücke liegt in der Ausführung der Mittenverriegelung als Fingerverriegelung ohne bewegte Teile. Die neue Rethebrücke ist nach ihrer Fertigstellung die größte Klappbrücke Europas und der Hamburger Hafen ist um ein Highlight der Ingenieurbaukunst reicher.

The Rethe Bridges in Hamburg – Special features in structural steelwork. The existing Rethe Vertical Lift Bridge was built in 1934 and will substitute by the new bridge across the Rethe. It consists of two double‐leaf bascule bridges with a span of 104.2 m each between the pivot bearings. In an open condition the width of the shipping clearance will be increased from 44 m to 64 m and unlimited in height. One of the double‐leaf bascule bridges is used for rail traffic, the other one for road traffic. The two bridges are arranged next to each other and can be opened independently of each other. The overall width of the road bascule bridge is 14.0 m, the overall width of the railway bridge 10.3 m. The spans or leafs are driven by hydraulic cylinders and hydraulically driven rear locking devices. One special feature of the Rethe Bridge is the fact that the central locking unit consists of a finger locking system without any movable parts. After its completion the Rethe Bridge is going to be the largest bascule bridge in Europe and a new highlight of civil engineering.
Optimierungsmöglichkeiten an Freischnitten
Authors: Lener Gerhard , Lang Robert , Schmid Johannes
Published: May 2015

Bei zyklischen Belastungen auf Bauwerke und Bauteile ist neben Tragsicherheits‐ und Gebrauchstauglichkeitsnachweisen ein besonderes Augenmerk auf den Nachweis der Ermüdungsfestigkeit zu legen. Die Modellbildung in der Ermüdung unterliegt vielen Parametern, die jedoch teilweise nur schwer erfassbar sind. Dazu zählen unter anderem die Geometrie der Bauteile und speziell der Detailausbildungen. Im vorliegenden Fall werden Untersuchungen zu geometrisch optimierten Freischnitten für Bauteile aus unlegierten niederfesten Baustählen durchgeführt und mittels Versuchen verifiziert. Daraus ergeben sich deutliche Vorteile durch die Optimierung, deren Potential jedoch stark von den geforderten ertragbaren Spannungszyklen, den zugrunde gelegten Regelwerken und Auswertemethoden beeinflusst wird.

Optimization of free cuts – experimental and numerical studies. Next to ultimate and serviceability state design, close attention is to be paid to fatigue resistance when dealing with cyclic loads on constructions and their components. Model building in fatigue depends on several parameters which can be evaluated only partially, however. These parameters include among other things the geometry of the component and especially the details of the design. In the present case studies are carried out to investigate geometrically optimized free cuts for components of non‐alloy low strengths steels and are verified by experimental tests. This procedure results in considerable benefits in terms of optimization whose potential is strongly affected by the required stress cycles, the underlying regulations and evaluation methods.
Innovations in multidisciplinary education in healthcare and technology
Authors: Van Hoof Joost , Zwerts-Verhelst Elisabeth L.M. , Nieboer Marianne E. , Wouters Eveline J.M.
Published: May 2015

The growing importance of technology in health care calls for interdisciplinary study programmes in which students with various backgrounds work together in exploring and designing new solutions for real-life problems. The Centre of Healthcare and Technology of Fontys University of Applied Sciences (Fontys EGT), the Netherlands, is presented as an example of how new initiatives in the field of education at the crossroads of health care and technology can be shaped and implemented in practice. A case study illustrating one of the student projects is provided as an example of the approach to educational innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration.
Screening of Women in the Antenatal Period for Thalassemia Carrier Status: Comparison of NESTROFT, Red Cell Indices, and HPLC Analysis
Authors: Mendiratta Suman Lata , Bajaj Surbhi , Popli Sangeeta , Singh Sompal
Published: May 2015

Thalassemia is the most common inherited blood disorder in India. In β-thalassemia, there is defective formation of β-globin chains which leads to severe anemia requiring repeated blood transfusions. With the help of antenatal screening for β-thalassemia followed by prenatal diagnosis, “couples at-risk” can avoid having affected children without remaining childless and can spare themselves from months of anxiety awaiting the outcome of pregnancy [1, 2]. The present study was conducted from 2008 through 2010. One thousand antenatal women with gestational age less than 20 weeks were studied. NESTROFT, CBC, and HPLC analysis of blood samples were done in all the patients. Husbands of women detected to be carriers of β-thalassemia were also screened to identify the “high-risk couples”. Counseling and prenatal diagnosis was offered to the couple, where both husband and wife were positive for thalassemia trait. Of 1000 women studied during antenatal period, 79 (7.9 %) were detected to have thalassemia trait. Husbands of these women were counseled and advised HPLC test. Only two husbands were diagnosed to have β-thalassemia trait. Of these two “at-risk couples”, genetic testing in one woman showed the fetus to be a carrier, and this pregnancy was continued. In the other lady, the fetus was diagnosed to have thalassemia major and she chose to terminate the pregnancy. The sensitivity and specificity of NESTROFT was found to be 78.48 % and 94.14 %, respectively. These were much better than those of RBC count (>5 million/mL3), MCV (<80 fL) or MCH (<27 pg). The positive predictive value and negative predictive value of NESTROFT was found to be 53.45 % and 98.08 %, respectively. These were also more than those of RBC count (>5 million/mL3, MCV (<80 fL), or MCH (<27 pg). HPLC analysis of the blood is the gold standard for diagnosis of thalassemia trait, but due to its high cost, sophisticated and expensive equipment, it cannot be used in large screening programs. Screening by hematological parameters requires automated analyzer which again may not be possible in small setups catering to a large number of pregnant women. NESTROFT proved to be sensitive, cost effective, rapid, and can be used for field studies and mass-screening programs.
Correlation between amygdala volume and impulsivity in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Tajima-Pozo Kazuhiro , Ruiz-Manrique Gonzalo , Yus Miguel , Arrazola Juan , Montañes-Rada Francisco
Published: May 2015

Background

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurobiological disorder with childhood onset and persistence through adolescence and adulthood. ADHD patients frequently show exaggerated emotional responses. The amygdala plays an important role in emotion processing and in the activation of the frontal lobe. We hypothesised that smaller amygdala volumes in ADHD patients would be associated with less control of impulsivity and emotional instability.

Methods

We studied nine adult patients with ADHD and nine group-matched healthy volunteers using a 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. We manually obtained morphometric measurements, which were later processed and compared.

Results

Significant negative correlation between the right amygdala volume and Barratt’s impulsivity scores was observed (r=−0.756, p=0.018). No correlation was found between impulsivity scores and the volume of the left amygdala. Age was not found to be a contributor of the results.

Conclusions

Smaller amygdala volumes have been observed in patients with ADHD. Our results suggest that greater emotional processing and less control of impulsivity are associated with smaller amygdala volumes in ADHD patients. Furthermore, the right amygdala would play a bigger role in impulsivity and behaviour control than the left amygdala. Further studies involving larger samples of adult patients with ADHD and using multimodal designs are needed.
Peripheral interleukin-6 promotes resilience versus susceptibility to inescapable electric stress
Authors: Yang Chun , Shirayama Yukihiko , Zhang Ji-Chun , Ren Qian , Hashimoto Kenji
Published: May 2015

Objective

Accumulating evidences suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) play a role in the pathophysiology of depression. In the learned helplessness (LH) paradigm, ~35% rats are resilient to inescapable stress.

Methods

Levels of IL-6 in the serum and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of LH rats (susceptible) and non-LH rats (resilience) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis, respectively.

Results

Serum levels of IL-6 in the LH rats were significantly higher than those of control and non-LH rats. In contrast, tissue levels of IL-6 in the mPFC were not different among three groups.

Conclusion

The results suggest that peripheral IL-6 may contribute to resilience versus susceptibility to inescapable stress.
Associations between serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) methylation and clinical characteristics and cortical thickness in children with ADHD
Authors: Park S. , Lee J.-M. , Kim J.-W. , Cho D.-Y. , Yun H. J. , Han D. H. , Cheong J. H. , Kim B.-N.
Published: May 2015

Background.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, highly heritable psychiatric disorder. Additionally, environmental factors such as perinatal stress and early adversities contribute to the occurrence and severity of ADHD. Recently, DNA methylation has emerged as a mechanism that potentially mediates gene–environmental interaction effects in the aetiology and phenomenology of psychiatric disorders. Here, we investigated whether serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) methylation patterns were associated with clinical characteristics and regional cortical thickness in children with ADHD.

Method.

In 102 children with ADHD (age 6–15 years), the methylation status of the SLC6A4 promoter was measured. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was obtained and ADHD symptoms were evaluated.

Results.

A higher methylation status of the SLC6A4 promoter was significantly associated with worse clinical presentations (more hyperactive-impulsive symptoms and more commission errors). Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between SLC6A4 methylation levels and cortical thickness values in the right occipito-temproral regions.

Conclusions.

Our results suggest that the SLC6A4 methylation status may be associated with certain symptoms of ADHD, such as behavioural disinhibition, and related brain changes. Future studies that use a larger sample size and a control group are required to corroborate these results.
Dynamics analysis of novel hybrid robotic arm with three fingers
Authors: Lu Yi , Dai Zhuohong , Ye Nijia
Published: May 2015

A novel hybrid robotic arm with three fingers is proposed for assembly, operation and rescue. It is composed of an upper 3RPS-type parallel manipulator, a lower 3SPR-type parallel manipulator and three fingers. Its dynamics are studied and analyzed systematically. First, the kinematics formulae of the moving links at their mass centers in the hybrid robotic arm with three fingers are established. Second, the formulae for solving the inertial wrench of the moving links at their mass centers are derived. Third, a dynamics formula is established for solving the dynamic active/constrained forces of the hybrid robotic arm and the fingers. Finally, an analytic example is given for solving the kinematics and dynamics of the hybrid robotic arm with three fingers and the analytic solved solutions are verified by a simulation mechanism.
Literally, too big a fuss about nothing
Authors: Kostadinova Viktorija
Published: May 2015

A couple of years ago, a few major news websites, such as those of The Guardian, The Telegraph and The Daily Mail, reported that the non-literal use of literally, as in ‘This book literally blew my mind’, was officially recognised as legitimate usage by Merriam-Webster, Cambridge Dictionaries Online and the Oxford English Dictionary. As often happens in today's online media, the news went viral. Language users and language pundits alike condemned the dictionary addition of what they regard as an ‘erroneous’ use of the word. The only problem was that this was not really news. The Oxford English Dictionary, for instance, had officially added this meaning of literally in 2011, dating the first such recorded usage back to 1769.
Lord Lucan: ‘missing’ or ‘on the run’?
Authors: Poole Brian
Published: May 2015

In November 1974 a murder took place which, both at the time and in retrospect, provided British journalists with material for countless articles. Richard John Bingham, 7th Earl of Lucan (generally referred to as ‘Lord Lucan’) apparently killed his children's nanny with a blunt instrument, attacked his wife, and then fled his Belgravia home. His whereabouts since then, and even (despite the fact that he was declared dead in the High Court in 1999) the question of whether or not he is still alive, continue to be a matter of sporadic discussion in the media and among the general public. As British National Corpus (BNC) evidence shows, Lord Lucan is now sometimes lumped together in the conversation and writings of the British with other creatures and objects whose existence is the stuff of legend rather than of scientific certainty:

1GX9 4072 Forget the Loch Ness Monster and Lord Lucan, the Yeti and the Holy Grail.
Thai and Japanese university students: Usefulness of English
Authors: Menking Scott
Published: May 2015

English is regularly perceived to be the global language that is used for cross-cultural communication by people from around the world (e.g., Crystal, 2003). Following international trends, English has exerted a presence in the cultures, languages, and interactional patterns of the peoples of Asia (Kachru, 1998: 91). The status afforded English native and near-native speakers reflects the perceived importance and interpersonal functionality of English in the region, and efforts by Asian governments to teach English at younger ages, as well as the demand for English ability by corporations, the media, and individuals, demonstrate its perceived instrumentality. In spite of the presumption of usefulness, there have been surprisingly few studies investigating Asian learners' perceptions of and decision to use English in specific settings. There is also a need for research that extends beyond individual countries to include pan-Asian issues, particularly in the “lesser-researched expanding-circle societies, including … Japan … [and] Thailand” (Bolton, 2008: 9). In order to address this gap in the literature and inform discussions about the comparability of students across Asian Expanding Circle countries, the aim of the present study is to compare and contrast how students in one Southeast Asian Expanding Circle country (i.e., Thailand) and one East Asian Expanding Circle country (i.e., Japan) view the usefulness of English to their lives.
FAIR CHANCE AND MODAL CONSEQUENTIALISM
Authors: Stefánsson H. Orri
Published: May 2015

This paper develops aMultidimensional Decision Theoryand argues that it better captures ordinary intuitions about fair distribution of chances than classical decision theory. The theory is an extension of Richard Jeffrey’s decision theory to counterfactual prospect and is a form ofModal Consequentialism, according to which the value of actual outcomes often depends on what could have been. Unlike existing versions of modal consequentialism, the multidimensional decision theory allows us toexplicitlymodel the desirabilistic dependencies between actual and counterfactual outcomes that, I contend, are at the heart of common intuitions about fair distribution of chances.
The prosodic licensing of coda consonants in early speech: interactions with vowel length
Authors: MILES KELLY , YUEN IVAN , COX FELICITY , DEMUTH KATHERINE
Published: May 2015

English has a word-minimality requirement that all open-class lexical items must contain at least two moras of structure, forming a bimoraic foot (Hayes, 1995).Thus, a word with either a long vowel, or a short vowel and a coda consonant, satisfies this requirement. This raises the question of when and how young children might learn this language-specific constraint, and if they would use coda consonants earlier and more reliably after short vowels compared to long vowels. To evaluate this possibility we conducted an elicited imitation experiment with 15 two-year-old Australian English-speaking children, using both perceptual and acoustic analysis. As predicted, the children produced codas more often when preceded by short vowels. The findings suggest that English-speaking two-year-olds are sensitive to language-specific lexical constraints, and are more likely to use coda consonants when prosodically required.
Intergenerational continuity in high-conflict family environments
Authors: Rothenberg W. Andrew , Hussong Andrea M. , Chassin Laurie
Published: May 2015

In the current study, we examined continuity in conflict across generations and explored potential mediators and moderators that could explain this continuity. We followed 246 targets from adolescence to adulthood and examined family conflict as reported by multiple reporters in targets' family of origin and current families. Results showed that conflict in the current family was strongly correlated with that of the family of origin in women but not in men. Continuity in family conflict across generations was mediated by patterns of elevated adolescent externalizing behavior in members of the second generation (G2). In addition, analyses revealed an interaction between both G2 partners' externalizing behavior such that if one partner in the G2 family demonstrated high levels of externalizing behavior, elevated levels of family conflict resulted. Potential explanations and implications of these findings are considered.
Social Attention in 47,XXY (Klinefelter Syndrome): Visual Scanning of Facial Expressions Using Eyetracking
Authors: van Rijn Sophie
Published: May 2015

Boys and men with an extra X chromosome (47,XXY, Klinefelter syndrome) are at risk for problems in social functioning and have an increased vulnerability for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In the search for underlying mechanisms driving this increased risk, this study focused on social attention, that is, spontaneous orientation toward facial expressions. Seventeen adults with 47,XXY and 20 non-clinical controls participated in this study. Social attention was measured using an eyetracking method that quantifies the visual scanning patterns of faces expressing different types of emotions (happy, fearful, angry, neutral) and their varying intensity levels (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%). Overall, the group with Klinefelter syndrome fixated less on the eye region of faces when compared to controls (Cohen’s d 1.4), and did not show the typical tendency, as was found in the control group, to first fixate on the eyes when presented with a face (Cohen’s d 1.0). There was no significant effect of type or intensity of emotion. Shorter looking times toward eyes showed a borderline significant correlation with self-reports of poorer social functioning, with 29% explained variance. These findings suggest a reduced tendency to rapidly and automatically attend to the eyes of others in individuals with 47,XXY. This may have impact on more complex social-cognitive abilities that build upon this. In addition to studies of behaviorally defined disorders such as ASD, studying individuals with Klinefelter syndrome provide insight into mechanisms underlying various “at risk” pathways of social dysfunction and the factors that mediate this risk. (JINS, 2015, 21, 364–372)
Undergraduate UK nutrition education might not adequately address weight management
Authors: Rogerson David , Soltani Hora , Copeland Robert
Published: May 2015

Objective

Weight management appears to be multidimensional and complex, and registered nutritionists might work to educate, promote and provide weight-management services to communities, groups and individuals. However, nutrition education might not adequately reflect the weight-management requirements of individuals and groups. The aim of the present study was to investigate if the Association for Nutrition’s undergraduate core competency framework for accredited Nutrition degrees sufficiently reflects the weight-management needs and experiences of individuals.

Design

A qualitative investigation, conducted within critical realist ontology, was performed to understand the weight-management experiences of dieters and compare these with the Association for Nutrition’s accreditation criteria for undergraduate Nutrition degrees.

Setting

Framework analysis was used to identify and explain participants’ experiences thematically and to compare these with the Association for Nutrition’s core competency criteria.

Subjects

Participants (n8) with weight-loss (n4) and weight-maintenance experiences (n4) were interviewed using semi-structured interviews to understand weight management at the agential level.

Results

Participants described knowledge, exercise, planning, psychological constructs and behaviour-change techniques, determinants of eating and social support as features of weight management. The competency criteria provided clear guidance on all aspects discussed by the group, apart from psychological constructs and behaviour-change techniques and social support.

Conclusions

Accredited Nutrition courses might not fully reflect the weight-management needs and experiences of individuals. Nutritionists might require greater knowledge of psychology and behaviour change to better understand and accommodate their clients’ weight-management needs.
A workplace farmstand pilot programme in Omaha, Nebraska, USA
Authors: Bertmann Farryl MW , Fricke Hollyanne E , Carpenter Leah R , Schober Daniel J , Smith Teresa M , Pinard Courtney A , Yaroch Amy L
Published: May 2015

Objective

To explore the feasibility of a workplace farmstand programme through the utilization of an online ordering system to build awareness for local food systems, encourage community participation, and increase local fruit and vegetable availability.

Design

A 4-week pilot to explore feasibility of workplace farmstand programmes through a variety of outcome measures, including survey, mode of sale, weekly sales totals and intercept interviews.

Setting

A large private company in Sarpy County, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.

Subjects

Employees of the company hosting the farmstand programme.

Results

Pre-programme, a majority of employees indicated that quality (95·4 %), variety (94·6 %) and cost of fruits and vegetables (86·4 %) were driving factors in their fruit and vegetable selection when shopping. The availability of locally or regionally produced fruits and vegetables was highly important (78·1 %). Participants varied in their definition of local food, with nearly half (49·2 %) reporting within 80·5 km (50 miles), followed by 160·9 km (100 miles; 29·5 %) and 321·9 km (200 miles; 12·1 %). Weekly farmstand purchases (both walk-ups and online orders) ranged from twenty-eight to thirty-nine employees, with weekly sales ranging from $US 257·95 to 436·90 for the producer. The mode of purchase changed throughout the pilot, with higher use of online ordering in the beginning and higher use of walk-up purchasing at the end.

Conclusions

The workplace farmstand pilot study revealed initial interest by both employees and a producer in this type of programme, helped to establish a sustained producer–employer relationship and led to additional opportunities for both the producer and employer.
Perception of naturopathy for female patients with metastatic gynecological cancer: A qualitative study
Authors: Legenne Myriam , Chirac Anne , Ruer Murielle , Reix Fanny , Filbet Marilène
Published: May 2015

Objective:

Women with gynecological cancer have been reported as very high users of complementary medicine. The goal of our study was to explore the perceptions of patients with an advanced gynecological cancer who use naturopathy as complementary medicine. We were looking more specifically at patients' opinions on the effect of naturopathy on their quality of life and its relation to conventional oncological treatments.

Method:

This pilot qualitative study used semistructured interviews, and data were analyzed using grounded theory and qualitative methods. The main criterion for inclusion in the study was the use of naturopathy as a treatment complementary to conventional cancer treatment for gynecological metastatic cancer on the oncology day care unit.

Results:

Six patients were included until data saturation. They express the physical and psychological impact of treatments and disease. Usually, chemotherapy is perceived as something that may be curative or may at least lead to remission. Unlike conventional treatments, naturopathy is not perceived as drugs, and it is seen as a way to relieve symptoms, improve well-being, and as a way of enabling them to take an active decision-making role in their care journey. Patients want to have more information about naturopathy.

Significance of Results:

This study suggests that patients are aware of the benefits of a specific cancer treatment as chemotherapy, but they resort to naturopathy for symptom control, and also to take a more active role during treatment.
Super wideband printed monopole antenna for ultra wideband applications
Authors: Palaniswamy Sandeep Kumar , Kanagasabai Malathi , Arun Kumar Shrivastav , Alsath M. Gulam Nabi , Velan Sangeetha , Pakkathillam Jayaram Kizhekke
Published: May 2015

This paper presents the design, testing, and analysis of a clover structured monopole antenna for super wideband applications. The proposed antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth (−10 dB bandwidth) from 1.9 GHz to frequency over 30 GHz. The clover shaped antenna with a compact size of 50 mm × 45 mm is designed and fabricated on an FR4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm. Parametric study has been performed by varying the parameters of the clover to obtain an optimum wide band characteristics. Furthermore, the prototype introduces a method of achieving super wide bandwidth by deploying fusion of elliptical patch geometries (clover shaped) with a semi elliptical ground plane, loaded with a V-cut at the ground. The proposed antenna has a 14 dB bandwidth from 5.9 to 13.1 GHz, which is suitable for ultra wideband (UWB) outdoor propagation. The prototype is experimentally validated for frequencies within and greater than UWB. Transfer function, impulse response, and group delay has been plotted in order to address the time domain characteristics of the proposed antenna with fidelity factor values. The possible applications cover wireless local area network, C-band, Ku-band, K-band operations, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, and Wireless USB.
Psychologische Beiträge zur Gerontologie
Authors: Baumann Urs , Laireiter Anton-Rupert , Messer Randolf
Published: May 2015

In dem Beitrag wird gezeigt, wie im Fachbereich Psychologie der Universität Salzburg die Gerontopsychologie in Lehre, Forschung und Praxis implementiert wurde. Studierende können im Diplomstudiengang einen geronto-psychologischen Schwerpunkt setzen, indem sie in diesem Sektor ein Wahlfach, die Diplomarbeit und das Praktikum wählen. Die geronto-psychologische Forschung im Fachbereich Psychologie der Universität Salzburg basiert auf Drittmittelprojekten, Dissertationen und Diplomarbeiten. In den letzten 10 Jahren sind vier Drittmittelprojekte, sieben Dissertationen und über 50 geronto-psychologische Diplomarbeiten durchgeführt worden. Die Forschung setzt kontinuierliche Praxiskooperation mit dem Gerontosektor voraus. Diese ist durch die Zusammenarbeit mit der Magistratsabteilung Seniorenheime der Stadt Salzburg, aber auch mit anderen Institutionen gegeben. Neben einem Überblick über die Forschungsaktivitäten werden in dem Beitrag an einzelnen Beispielen diverse Kooperations- und Forschungsprobleme erörtert: Ältere MigrantInnen, intergenerative Integrationsprojekte, Ressourcen-Erfassung, Lebenssituation älterer Menschen mit schizophrener Störung, Demenz-Screening in Seniorenheimen. Abschließend wird auf Transfer-Möglichkeiten zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis eingegangen.
Der Umzug ins Seniorenheim
Authors: Thiele-Sauer Claudia , Feichtinger Ludwig , Baumann Urs
Published: May 2015

Die Entscheidung, die vertraute Wohnform zugunsten einer institutionalisierten Wohnumgebung des Seniorenheims aufzugeben, ist für Senioren und Angehörige oftmals mit erheblichen Schwierigkeiten verbunden. Zahlreiche Studien belegen, dass eine ungeplante oder überstürzte Übersiedlung im höheren Alter oft zu dramatischen Reaktionen der Betroffenen (Angst, Depression) und deren Angehörige führen. Im vorgestellten Forschungsprojekt wurde dieser Prozess anhand von 3 Teilstudien bei SeniorInnen und Angehörigen untersucht. Studie 1 behandelt die Erwartungen und Befürchtungen, die mit diesem Schritt verbunden sind; Studie 2 befasst sich mit den konkreten Erfahrungen, die im Zuge der Übersiedlung gemacht werden. Studie 3 evaluiert ein psychologisches Interventionsprogramm über 7 Wochen für SeniorInnen, die unmittelbar im Übersiedlungsprozess stehen. Als zentrale Ergebnisse lassen sich berichten: Für Studie 1 konnten positive Erwartungen hinsichtlich gesundheitlicher Versorgung und Sicherheit gleichermaßen von SeniorInnen und Angehörigen gefunden werden; eine Einschränkung in der selbstständigen Lebensgestaltung befürchten vor allem SeniorInnen. In Studie 2 ist die gute Übereinstimmung der Einschätzungen zum Seniorenheim bei SeniorInnen und Angehörigen auffallend. Es wird die verbesserte gesundheitliche Versorgung von SeniorInnen und Angehörige gleichermaßen bestätigt, während die Verbesserung der Sicherheit von Angehörigen stärker betont wird. In Studie 3 konnte für TeilnehmerInnen des Interventionsprogramms gezeigt werden, dass die Depressionswerte abnahmen, die Affektivität blieb allerdings stabil, die erste Anpassung wurde von Seiten der Pflege als gut bewertet.
Remission ohne formelle Hilfen und Inanspruchnahme stationärer Behandlung bei Alkoholabhängigen  Ein Vergleich auslösender Faktoren
Authors: Bischof Gallus , Rumpf Hans-Jürgen , Hapke Ulfert , Meyer Christian , John Ulrich
Published: May 2015

Es werden Ergebnisse des Projektes »Transitions in Alcohol Consumption and Smoking« (TACOS) zur Remission ohne fremde Hilfe dargestellt. 230 ohne formelle Hilfe remittierte Alkoholabhängige werden mit 230 Patienten einer stationären Motivationstherapie hinsichtlich soziodemographischer und abhängigkeitsbezogener Variablen verglichen. Ohne formelle Hilfe remittierte Abhängige weisen anamnestisch eine schwerere Abhängigkeit, weniger sozialen Druck seitens der Familie und anderer Quellen und eine stabilere Beschäftigungssituation vor der Remission auf. Therapiepatienten haben häufiger und zeitlich näher am Therapiebeginn gescheiterte Abstinenzversuche erlebt. Die Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen werden hinsichtlich ihrer Bedeutung für Sekundärprävention und Therapie diskutiert.
Umgang mit illegalen Drogen im »bürgerlichen« Milieu: Zum Steuerungseinfluss formeller und informeller Sozialkontrolle – Erste Ergebnisse einer Pilotstudie
Authors: Mann Karl , Ackermann Klaus
Published: May 2015

Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden erste Ergebnisse eines Pilotforschungsprojektes vorgestellt, dessen empirischer Fokus auf das in der bundesrepublikanischen Drogenforschungslandschaft weitgehend ausgesparte Feld eines sozial integrierten Umgangs mit illegalen Drogen in gesellschaftlich etablierten Sozialkontexten gerichtet ist. Besonderes Interesse gilt dem Vermittlungsgeschehen zwischen formeller und informeller sozialer Kontrolle: Wie geht der Einzelne mit konfligierenden Botschaften einer auf ein generelles Drogenverbot abgestellten Rechtssphäre und dem darauf abgestellten institutionellen Kontext strafrechtlicher und sozialmedizinischer Kontrolle einerseits und etwaigen gebrauchsmotivierenden Botschaften der Peer-Group, des Freundes- und Bekanntenkreises andererseits um?

Innerhalb der Pilotphase wurden 34 sozial integrierte Konsumenten diverser illegaler Drogen interviewt. Die Stichprobenbildung folgte der Methode des Snowball Samplings. Die bisherigen Beobachtungen lassen sich zu zwei für den weiteren Forschungsverlauf relevanten Arbeitshypothesen verdichten:
Der Drogenkonsum untersteht offenbar in der Selbstwahrnehmung im Sinne einer Selbstattribution einem ›internal locus of control‹.
Auch wenn es trotz des bestehenden Drogenverbots zum Konsum illegaler Drogen kommt, scheint mit dem Verbotsstatus bestimmter Substanzen häufig ein informeller Kontrolleinfluss assoziiert, welcher Konsum regulierend unterhalb der Schwelle des generalpräventiven Anspruchs des BtMGs wirksam wird.
Rückfälle während der Behandlung im Maßregelvollzug gemäß § 64 StGB
Authors: Schalast Norbert
Published: May 2015

Der Beitrag betrachtet das Problem der Rückfälligkeit von Patienten während der Behandlung im Maßregelvollzug gemäß § 64 StGB. Ergebnisse einer Therapieverlaufsuntersuchung bei 83 Patienten bestätigen frühere Befunde, wonach die Rückfalltendenz der Patienten schon während der Unterbringung hoch ist. Auch eine Entscheidung des BVerfG vom 16.03.1994, durch die die Schwelle für eine Anordnung der Maßnahme (scheinbar) erhöht und die Beendigung einer Unterbringung wegen Aussichtslosigkeit erleichtert wurde, hat hieran nichts Wesentliches geändert.

Mithilfe eines Wahlversuchs schätzten 45 Patienten Gründe für Rückfälligkeit hinsichtlich ihrer Bedeutung ein. Die Ergebnisse bei Alkohol- und Drogenpatienten weisen auf eine Differenzierung hin, die bei Betrachtung der Problematik erforderlich ist: es muss nämlich unterschieden werden zwischen Rückfällen im engeren Sinne  also einem Wiederauftreten des Suchtverhaltens in einer Versuchungs- oder Belastungssituation  und dem Versuch, die Kontrollstrategien der Klinik zu unterlaufen und den Konsum heimlich fortzusetzen. Letztere Tendenz wird diskutiert im Hinblick auf die generellen Schwierigkeiten von Sucht- und Sozialtherapie im Kontext einer gerichtlich angeordneten Maßnahme.
Stationäre Rauchertherapie  Projekt Josefhof
Authors: Schoberberger Rudolf , Bayer Peter , Groman Ernest , Kunze Michael
Published: May 2015

Einleitung: Die Versicherungsanstalt des Österreichischen Bergbaus und die Wiener Gebietskrankenkasse bieten in Kooperation mit dem Institut für Sozialmedizin der Universität Wien erstmals in Österreich eine Form der stationären Rauchertherapie an, welche vom »Fonds Gesundes Österreich« unterstützt wird. In dieser für Österreich einzigartigen Interventionsform unterziehen sich hoch nikotinabhängige Raucher im Rehabilitationszentrum »Josefhof« drei Wochen lang einer stationären Rauchertherapie. Mittels Einzel- und Gruppeninterventionen, psychologischer Behandlung, Herz-Kreislauf-Training, Ernährungsberatung, physikalischer Therapien, mentaler Entspannungsmethoden, diagnostischer Prozeduren wie Kohlenmonoxid-Messungen und Nikotinersatztherapie wurden optimale Kurzzeiterfolge von
100 Prozent erzielt. Das heißt alle bisher behandelten Teilnehmer konnten während des dreiwöchigen Aufenthalts vollkommene Abstinenz erreichen. Methoden und Stichprobe: Die Stichprobe besteht aus starken Rauchern mit einer mindestens zehnjährigen Rauchperiode (N=93). So hatten bereits 75,3% mehrmals versucht vom Rauchen loszukommen und 60,2% haben Nikotinersatzpräparate probiert. Der durchschnittliche FTND-Score liegt bei 7,09. 37,6% der Kurteilnehmer erzielen sehr hohe Nikotinabhängigkeitswerte (Scores von 8 -10). Ergebnisse: Eine Halbjahres-Nachuntersuchung zeigte, dass 64,7% der Teilnehmer abstinent bleiben konnten und weitere 23,5% ihren Zigarettenkonsum stark reduzierten.
Schlussfolgerungen: Das Modellprojekt wird von den Kurteilnehmern sehr positiv aufgenommen und hat mit den sehr guten Kurzzeit- und Langzeiterfolgen
eine reale Chance, sich als routinemäßige stationäre
Rauchertherapie für nikotinabhängige Raucher zu etablieren.