bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of the list of gas industry critical objects from the standpoint of energy security of the country
Authors: Senderov Sergey , Rabchuk Viktor , Vorobev Sergey
Published: October 2018

The paper is devoted to the search for critical objects of the Russian gas industry in terms of energy security of the state and regions. The task of identifying critical objects of the gas industry is presented and an algorithm for their distribution according to the lists of federal and regional levels is shown. A list of critical facilities of the federal gas industry is presented. This list includes, along with gas transmission network objects, head compressor stations at the exits from gas fields and underground gas storages.
The future of Russian LNG on the world gas markets
Authors: Pyatkova Natalia
Published: October 2018

The main purpose of the article is to analyze the situation on the world markets of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and Russia’s ability to enter this market. This article continues the work carried out 15 years ago on possible ways of diversifying the forms and directions of Russian gas exports [1]. An analysis of the state of the LNG market for this period was made, prospects for the development of world trade in LNG and promising Russian projects were considered.
Ensuring energy security in the Siberian Federal District: analysis of the situation and the main trends
Authors: Smirnova Elena
Published: October 2018

This paper presents an assessment of the level of energy security of the subjects of the Russian Federation located on the territory of the Siberian Federal District. The approach to the assessment is based on the use of the monitoring and indicative analysis of energy security developed at ESI SB RAS. As a result, the main problems were identified with ensuring energy security in the regions, with a view to further developing ways to improve the situation in them.
Using LabView environment for the demonstration of generator dynamic behavior
Authors: Imanakunova Zh.S. , Satarkulov K. , Baibagysova D.Zh. , Kadieva A.K.
Published: October 2018

Under consideration is a virtual device (VD) in NI – LabVIEW environment for the demonstration of a generator dynamic behavior close to borders of its stability area. The generator is operating for the unlimited power system. Capabilities of VD are demonstrated on a specific example. It was established that dynamic modes of various complexity – from stationary mode to attractors of different types that correspond to different modes of the generator under study can be observed in the system under consideration. Identification of chaotic modes of generator operation is a topical task as deterministic chaos due to its unpredictability is certainly an inadmissible phenomenon from the point of view of dynamic stability of its operation.
Nonlinear damped vibrations of planar discrete systems - numerical and experimental modelling
Authors: Pavlov Peter
Published: October 2018

The consistently conducted analytical, numerical and experimental studies of nonlinear damped vibrations of planar discrete systems are presented in the paper. The combined methodology is applied to a horizontal vibrating system, consisting of two translational moving bodies connected by three springs. The non-linear nature of the damping is due to the dry friction forces accompanying the vibrating process. The mathematical model of the vibrating system is composed in a matrix form by the second order Lagrange equations. Numerical studies are realized in two ways. Firstly, in the Simulink environment, a simulation model was composed. Then, in the MATLAB environment, an animation model was developed using the third animation method offered by the programming system. The experimental studies were conducted by stand for study the small vibrations of discrete planar systems. The stand is part of the experimental equipment of the Lab for numerical and experimental dynamic modelling, UACEG, Sofia, Bulgaria. (www.dlab-uacg-bg.eu). All models - the dynamic model and its corresponding mathematical, simulation, animation and experimental model are open to additional bodies to obtain discrete vibrating systems with a larger number of degrees of freedom.
Dynamic analysis of a parametrically excited golden Muga silk embedded pneumatic artificial muscle
Authors: Kalita Bhaben , Dwivedy S. K.
Published: October 2018

In this work a novel pneumatic artificial muscle is fabricated using golden muga silk and silicon rubber. It is assumed that the muscle force is a quadratic function of pressure. Here a single degree of freedom system is considered where a mass is supported by a spring-damper-and pneumatically actuated muscle. While the spring-mass damper is a passive system, the addition of pneumatic muscle makes the system active. The dynamic analysis of this system is carried out by developing the equation of motion which contains multi-frequency excitations with both forced and parametric excitations. Using method of multiple scales the reduced equations are developed for simple and principal parametric resonance conditions. The time response obtained using method of multiple scales have been compared with those obtained by solving the original equation of motion numerically. Using both time response and phase portraits, variation of few systems parameters have been carried out. This work may find application in developing wearable device and robotic device for rehabilitation purpose.
The acoustic waves propagation in a cylindrical waveguide with the laminar flow
Authors: Petrov Alexander , Rumyantseva Valentina
Published: October 2018

The problem of modeling of acoustic wave propagation in inhomogeneous flow is considered. There is an approximate analytical solution of the hydrodynamics equations in the presence of annular acoustic oscillations source in the case of laminar flow. Special attention is to paid to the propagation of acoustic waves modes. The amplitudes and phases dependences of the individual modes on the Mach number in the linear approximation were established.
Free vibrations of circular curved beams
Authors: Baxy Ajinkya , Sarkar Abhijit
Published: October 2018

The study of free vibrations of curved beams has relevance in engineering applications like modeling turbo machinery blades, propellers, arch design, etc. Vibration characteristics of structures are generally evaluated using the Finite Element Method. The governing equations for the curved beam using the inextensional theory are available in the literature. These equations are solved analytically for two different boundary conditions, namely (a) simplysupported, (b) cantilever. The results obtained for all the cases are compared against the FEM simulation results. It is found that the present solutions are in agreement with the FEM solutions up to an opening angle of 40°.
Energy harvesting from passing train as source of energy for autonomous trackside objects
Authors: Hadas Zdenek , Smilek Jan , Rubes Ondrej
Published: October 2018

This paper deals with an energy harvesting review and analysis of an ambient mechanical energy on a trackside during a passing of a train. Trains provide very high level of vibration and deformation which could be converted into useful electricity. Due to maintenance and safety reasons a rail trackside includes sensing systems and number of sensor nodes is increased for modern transportation. Recent development of modern communication and ultra-low power electronics allows to use energy harvesting systems as autonomous source of electrical energy for these trackside objects. Main aim of this paper is model-based design of proposed vibration energy harvesting systems inside sleeper and predict harvested power during the train passing. Measurements of passing train is used as input for simulation models and harvested power is calculated. This simulation of proposed energy harvesting device is very useful for future design.
Experimental evaluation of Tusi couple based energy harvester for scavenging power from human motion
Authors: Smilek Jan , Hadas Zdenek
Published: October 2018

This paper deals with the experimental performance evaluation of the prototype of a novel inertial energy harvester based on Tusi couple mechanism. The harvester was developed as an autonomous power source for environments with very low frequency and magnitude of mechanical vibrations available. The experiments were conducted using human body during different activities as a source of mechanical excitation, with the prospect of using the harvester for powering up future wearable electronic devices. Four different locations on a single measurement specimen were picked for the harvester placement - back of the head, belt, wrist and ankle. Measurements in each location comprised of walking on a straight and level path at natural speed, walking up and down the stairs, jumping, running, and location-specific activities that were expected to provide significant output power. The measured average output power of the device with dimensions 50x50x20 mm on empirically selected 2 kΩ electrical load reached up to 6.5 mW, obtained with the device attached to the ankle while shaking the leg.
FE sloshing modelling in bidimensional cavity using wave equation
Authors: da Silva Agnaldo Antônio Moreira T. , Morais Marcus Vinicius Girão de
Published: October 2018

Tuned liquid column damper (TLCD) is a kind of passive damper that use water sloshing motion to control structural vibration in tall buildings, wind turbines and ships. This paper presents finite element analysis of sloshing in 2D water tank using a pressure based Eulerian approach. The fluid domain is discretised by an isoparametric quadrilateral finite element. The cavity was modelled with rigid contours and free surface in order to study the decoupled liquid reservoir. Next, the cavity was coupled to a flexible structure with free vibration and forced vibration. The numerical results obtained by the created program were validated using experimental results [1] presenting acceptable errors with less than 5k elements.
Proposal of new vibro-acoustic floor
Authors: Kłosak Andrzej , Kowalska-Koczwara Alicja , Pachla Filip , Stypuła Krzysztof , Tatara Tadeusz , Zając Bogusław
Published: October 2018

Human perception of vibration could be the basic parameter in designing a new buildings located close to public transport. It is also one of parameter that is considered in diagnosis of building vibration. People perceived vibrations through the floor. The problem of floor vibration appear especially in old historical buildings with wooden floor when source of transport vibration change because of infrastructure development. During years road, tramway or railway infrastructure is more expanded that it was when the old buildings were built. That is why new solutions of protection against noise and vibration are needed. One of that kind solution could be vibro-acoustic floor which can reduce impact sounds and vibrations. A flooring system that insulates both acoustically and vibrantly is a common solution to reduce noise coming from impact sounds or to propagate from lower levels to higher ones and to limit the influence of vibration on people receiving vibration in buildings passively. The flooring system should therefore be capable to damp vibrations up to 100 Hz and have sound insulation of min. 25 dB. The composition of vibration insulation materials and their material parameters will be selected to optimize the acoustic and vibration protection. At the same time, the acoustic and vibration-insulating flooring system should have all the functional features that are common to the floor: ease of installation and adequate rigidity. In paper three types of vibro-acoustic floors will be considered: with full vibro-insulation, with insulation strips and with point insulation. Advantages and disadvantages of these three considered solutions will be presented. The paper is pilot study to in-situ measurement which will be held under the project of EU commission support.
Wavelet based analysis of truck vibrations during off-road transportation
Authors: Vlkovský Martin , Koziol Piotr , Grzesica Dariusz
Published: October 2018

Analysis of vibration of the vehicle on the road surface is of importance for cargo and vehicle security. The vibration data analysed in this paper include vibrations in three directions: longitudinal, transverse and vertical. They have been collected for military cargo during transport on various road surfaces. Compared to previous publications, in this paper, a wavelet transform is proposed for vibration analysis, with the emphasis on their efficiency and the capability to recognise important details of the signal. A series of simulations is needed for making an appropriate chose of wavelets, in order to analyse the most wanted features in time-frequency domain. Wavelet coefficients can be analysed for a wide range of frequencies. The main purpose of this study is to extract from the obtained scalograms essential features allowing to recognize a type of the road for which the signals were recorded. The obtained results might support the identification procedure for the road recognition based on measured signals, especially for vehicles passing from one type of road to another.
The study of the interlock of ballast in triaxial geogrids
Authors: Pires Diogo , Barroso Madalena , Fontul Simona , Dimitrovová Zuzana
Published: October 2018

Rail transport is the most efficient way of transport from an energetic and environmental point of view. The integration of geosynthetics in the rehabilitation solutions has grown substantially in the last decade, such as the application of different geogrids for reinforcement and/or stabilization of ballast layer. It appears to be consensual that the effectiveness of the geogrid depends on the degree of interlock between the geogrid and the granular material. The main purpose of this study is to analyse the relation between the geogrid aperture size and the ballast size that maximizes the interlock. The influence of the geogrid location in the ballast layer and the ballast grading are also addressed. The results suggested that, in order to obtain a higher interlock percentage, a selected ballast layer, with a reduced maximum dimension, should be used in contact with the geogrid and the geogrid should be placed in the ballast layer, above the interface ballast/substructure. The results suggested that the relation between the geogrid aperture size and the maximum dimension of the aggregate should be around 1.22 in order to improve the interlock.
Optimization of railway infrastructures rehabilitation based on multicriteria analysis
Authors: Couto Paula , Salvado Filipa , Silva Maria João Falcão
Published: October 2018

The socio-economic objectives of transport projects are generally related to the improvement of travel conditions for goods and passengers as well as the improvement of the quality of the environment and the wellbeing of the served population. Railways infrastructure projects are always complex because of the many variables involved. In railway rehabilitation, in particular, social, economic and environmental variables take on considerable importance. These variables contribute strongly to the selection of the intervention project to be performed. Historically, multicriteria evaluation methods were developed to select the best alternative from a set of competing options. Multicriteria Analysis is applied for comparison of alternative projects, allowing taking into account different criteria simultaneously. It presents a framework in which all the stakeholders can participate actively in the process of decision making and in the explicit resolution of problems. The paper intends to frame the multicriteria analysis with the purpose of its implementation in railway investment projects concerning rehabilitation interventions. In this sense, its importance and potential will be highlighted for several stakeholders in the decision-making process, as well as the objectives and criteria definition for a practical implementation.
No spillover partial eigenvalue assignment in second-order linear systems using the Brauer’s theorem and dense influence matrices
Authors: Motta Jessica , de Almeida Marconi , Santos Tito , Araújo José
Published: October 2018

The control of vibrations for systems with second-order linear dynamics is a cornerstone for several engineering application, as structural vibration control in civil and aerospace structures. In such systems, sometimes only a few eigenvalues must be mitigated in situations as resonances, flutter, and another dangerous vibratory phenomenon. The use of active vibration control is an attractive alternative due to its flexibility and the availability of general design approaches. In the case of partial eigenvalue assignment, no spillover can be achieved, that is, only a small spectrum or eigenstructure partition is reallocated, with the remaining being unperturbed. In this paper, the no spillover property of Brauer’s spectrum perturbation theorem is applied to compute a dense influence matrix structure of actuation, reassigning then the dangerous target eigenvalues and kept the remaining of the spectrum unchanged. A Sylvester equation must be solved using only the part of the spectrum to be reassigned. The results are tested in a benchmark taken from the specialized literature, and thus confirming its effectiveness.
Ellipsoid movement in ideal or viscous fluid
Authors: Petrov Alexander , Lopushanski Mariana
Published: October 2018

The movement problem of the triaxial ellipsoid in ideal and viscous fluid in Stokes approximation is considered. With the help of the Newton potential theory it is shown that the complete solution of this problem may be expressed through a single function of two variables, which, in its turn, can be expressed through two well-known elliptic functions - E(x; y) and F(x; y). The result obtained simplifies the analysis of fluid velocity field when a triaxial ellipsoid is moving in it. The solution of the external boundary problem for the Stokes equations of viscous fluid flow is built. The ellipsoid in incident flow with velocity v experiences the same resistance as a ball of a certain radius. Using this, the triaxial ellipsoid which experiences minimum resistance is found, and its resistance is compared to the one of a sphere.
Dynamic analysis of planetary gear train system with double moduli and pressure angles
Authors: Bao Heyun , Jin Guanghu , Lu Fengxia , Zhu Rupeng , Zou Xiaozhu
Published: October 2018

The planetary gear transmission with double moduli and pressure angles gearing is proposed for meeting the low weight high reliability requires. A dynamic differential equation of the NGW planetary gear train system with double and pressure angles is established. The 4-Order Runge-Kutta numerical integration method is used to solve the equations from which the result of the dynamic response is got. The dynamic load coefficients are formulated and are compared with those of the normal gear train．The double modulus planetary gear transmission is designed and manufactured. The experiment of operating and vibration are carried out and provides.
Oscillations of a statically indeterminate system with a finite number of degrees of freedom (the experience with the application of mathematical packages in the technical university course of mechanics)
Authors: Kuznechikov Alexander , Levitskiy Dmitry , Zotov Sergey
Published: October 2018

Symbolic mathematics packages give the opportunity to execute the difficult symbolic transformations with use of computer, abandoning graphic methods. The resilient weightless beam fixed by resilient links and carrying two concentrated masses is considered. Instead of building the bending moment diagram and the later use of Vereshchagin's method for disclosure of static indeterminacy, the equation of distribution of the bending and single moments along the beam length is written, and Mohr's integral is calculated.
Modelling and analysis of a high-speed turbine impeller concerning mistuning
Authors: Weber Robby , Kühhorn Arnold , Heinrich Christoph R.
Published: October 2018

As-manufactured impellers behave significantly different from nominal impellers. There are no identical blades due to geometric and material deviations. In this paper three model updating procedures are discussed with the objective to achieve realistic models of as-manufactured impellers. The techniques are applied to radial inﬂow turbine wheel of an exhaust gas turbocharger. The first approach creates a model through optical measurement and mesh morphing. The second approach is based on a contactless measurement of blade individual vibration responses. An iterative update process gains the corresponding mistuning pattern and thus the associated model. Third, a model is found by an optimisation, that identified a mistuning pattern, that fits modal characteristics, which are evaluated during experimental modal analysis at vacuum. In-depth analyses of these models are realised to determine advantages and drawbacks of the procedures.
A new automated procedure of modal identification in operational conditions
Authors: Marrongelli Gabriele , Gentile Carmelo
Published: October 2018

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) strategies are aimed at the assessment of structural performance, using data acquired by sensing systems. Among the different available approaches, vibration-based methods - involving the automation of the modal parameter estimation (MPE) and modal tracking (MT) procedures - are receiving increasing attention. In the context of vibration-based monitoring, this paper presents an automated procedure of modal identification in operational conditions. The presented algorithms can be used to effectively manage the results obtained by any parametric identification method that involves the construction and the interpretation of stabilization diagrams. The implemented approach introduces improvements related to both the MPE and the MT tasks. The MPE procedure consists of three key steps aimed at: (1) filtering a high number of spurious poles in the stabilization diagram; (2) clustering the remaining poles that share same characteristics in term of modal parameters; (3) improving the accuracy of the modal parameter estimates. In the MT procedure the use of a simple statistical approach to define adaptive thresholds together with continuously updated dynamic reference list guarantee an efficient tracking of the most representative structural modes. The advantages obtained through the proposed procedures are exemplified using data continuously collected on the historic masonry tower of San Gottardo in Corte, located in the centre of Milan, Italy. In addition, the ability of the automated algorithms to identify contributions inherent to different vibration modes, even if they are characterized by closely-spaced frequencies and a low discriminant between mode shapes, will be described in details.
Long-term implant failure in patients treated for oral cancer by external radiotherapy: a retrospective monocentric study
Authors: Desoutter Aline , Deneuve Sophie , Condamin Sophie-Charlotte , Chaux-Bodard Anne-Gaëlle
Published: October 2018

Introduction: The placement of dental implants in irradiated bone has allowed functional rehabilitation for many oral cancer patients. Nonetheless, there is only few data about implant failure in irradiated tissues and their consequences. This retrospective study aims to highlight the rate and circumstances of implant failure. Material and method: Patients treated with external radiotherapy for oral carcinoma and who received dental implants were included. Patients reconstructed with free bone flaps were excluded. Results: Eighteen patients were included. Forty implants were placed between 2004 and 2007, 8 failed, of whom one osteoradionecrosis was observed. Time interval between radiotherapy and implantation was 44.6 (6–182) months. Mean dose was 51.8 (50–66) Gy. Discussion: In the series, the implant failure rate is 20%, which corroborates the literature's data. Failures occur more often for doses over 50 Gy. The placement of dental implant in irradiated bone leads to soft tissue complications but also increases the risk of osteoradionecrosis. The recent reimbursement of dental implants in oral cancer patients by the National Social Health system will probably increase the indications. Multidisciplinary staffs should be aware of benefit/risk ratio for each patient.
Welche Zahlungsbereitschaften haben Patienten für Telemedizinlösungen? Eine empirische Analyse am Beispiel einer Plattform für multimorbide
Patienten
Authors: Radic Marija , Haugk Sebastian , Radic Dubravko
Published: October 2018

Im Zuge des demographischen Wandels steigt die Anzahl älterer Menschen mit mehreren chronischen Erkrankungen. Telemonitoring-Systeme können einen Beitrag dazu
leisten, die damit einhergehenden Probleme in der Versorgung zu adressieren. Aufgrund des steigenden Bedarfes für derartige Systeme stellt sich die Frage nach
der Finanzierung immer akuter. Die Zahlungsbereitschaft von Patienten und pflegenden Angehörigen wird immer häufiger als ein zentraler Faktor für die
Marktdurchdringung von Telemedizinlösungen diskutiert.

Zielsetzung Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, die Präferenzen der Patienten und pflegenden Angehörigen mit Blick auf verschiedene Eigenschaften der
Produkt-Dienstleistungs-Lösung sowie mögliche Zahlungsbereitschaften zu ermitteln.

Methodik Im Rahmen eines Telemedizin-Projektes wurde eine Choice-Based Conjoint-Analyse durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden 140 potenzielle Nutzer und ihre
Angehörigen im Rahmen persönlicher Interviews befragt.

Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Preis, die Erreichbarkeit des Care Coordination Centers und der Umfang des telemedizinischen
Versorgungsprogrammes die relativ wichtigsten Merkmale sind. Der umsatzmaximierende Preis für die aus Konsumentensicht präferierte Telemedizinlösung liegt bei
60 Euro monatlich.

Schlussfolgerung Für Deutschland existieren kaum Studien zur Zahlungsbereitschaft von Patienten für Telemedizinlösungen. Insofern leistet diese Studie
einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Diskussion. Darüber hinaus wird mit der Choice-Based Conjoint-Analyse eine Methode verwendet, welche Kaufentscheidungen
realistischer abbildet als bisherige Studien.
A Convenient Synthesis of Benzo[1,2-b:6,5-b′:3,4-c′′]trithiophenes Starting from Thiophene
Authors: Zong Kyukwan , Kim Hyokwon
Published: October 2018

A series of benzo[1,2-b:6,5-b′:3,4-c′′]trithiophenes were synthesized in four steps starting from thiophene. Thiophene was converted into 2,5-dialkylthiophenes upon dilithiation followed by treatment with various alkyl halides. The reaction of 2,5-dialkylthiophenes with Br2 easily afforded the corresponding 2,5-dialkyl-3,4-dibromothiophenes. Their coupling reactions with 3-tributyltinthiophene in the presence of a Pd catalyst and the subsequent oxidative ring-closing reactions led to target compounds in moderate to good yields.
Follicular environment as a predictive tool for embryo development and kinetics in cattle
Authors: Alves Gláucia Pereira , Cordeiro Fernanda Bertuccez , Bruna de Lima Camila , Annes Kelly , Cristina dos Santos Érika , Ispada Jéssica , Fontes Patrícia Kubo , Nogueira Marcelo Fabio Gouveia , Nichi Marcílio , Milazzotto Marcella Pecora
Published: October 2018

Follicular fluid composition and the transcription pattern of granulosa cells were analysed to better comprehend associations between embryo development and morphokinetics. Bovine follicles were punctured and their respective follicular fluid and granulosa cells were collected. Cumulus–oocyte complexes derived from these follicles were matured and fertilised invitro. Embryo morphology and kinetics were evaluated at 40h after insemination, when embryos were classified as fast (FCL, four or more cells), slow (SCL, 2–3 cells) or non-cleaved (NCL). Their development was followed until the blastocyst stage. Glucose, pyruvate, cholesterol and oestradiol were quantified in the follicular fluid and the transcription pattern of 96 target genes was evaluated in granulosa cells by large-scale quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Follicular fluid from the blastocyst group had increased levels of glucose, total cholesterol and pyruvate compared to the non-blastocyst group, whereas higher levels of oestradiol were observed in the follicular fluid of embryos and blastocysts with fast cleavage. The transcriptional pattern revealed altered metabolic pathways between groups, such as lipid metabolism, cellular stress and cell signalling. In conclusion, both follicular fluid and granulosa cells are associated with the possibility of identifying follicles that may generate embryos with high potential to properly develop to the blastocyst stage.
Weight Bias Internalization and Long-Term Weight Loss in Patients With Obesity
Authors: Pearl Rebecca L , Wadden Thomas A , Chao Ariana M , Walsh Olivia , Alamuddin Naji , Berkowitz Robert I , Tronieri Jena Shaw
Published: October 2018

Background

The relationship between weight bias internalization (WBI) and long-term weight loss is largely unknown.

Purpose

To determine the effects of weight loss on WBI and assess whether WBI impairs long-term weight loss.

Methods

One hundred thirty-three adults with obesity completed the Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS) at baseline, after a 14-week lifestyle intervention in which they lost ≥5 per cent of initial weight, and at weeks 24 and 52 of a subsequent randomized controlled trial (RCT) for weight-loss maintenance (66 weeks total). Linear mixed models were used to examine the effects of weight loss on WBIS scores and the effects of baseline WBIS scores on weight change over time. Logistic regression was used to determine the effects of baseline WBIS scores on achieving ≥5 and ≥10 per cent weight loss.

Results

Changes in weight did not predict changes in WBIS scores. Baseline WBIS scores predicted reduced odds of achieving ≥5 and ≥10 per cent weight loss at week 24 of the RCT (p values < .05). At week 52, the interaction between participant race and WBIS scores predicted weight loss (p = .046) such that nonblack (but not black) participants with higher baseline WBIS scores had lower odds of achieving ≥10 per cent weight loss (OR = 0.38, p = .01). Baseline WBIS scores did not significantly predict rate of weight change over time.

Conclusions

Among participants in a weight loss maintenance trial, WBI did not change in relation to changes in weight. More research is needed to clarify the effects of WBI on long-term weight loss and maintenance across race/ethnicity.

Clinical trials registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02388568.
Joint analysis of individual-level and summary-level GWAS data by leveraging pleiotropy
Authors: Dai Mingwei , Wan Xiang , Peng Hao , Wang Yao , Liu Yue , Liu Jin , Xu Zongben , Yang Can
Published: October 2018

Motivation

A large number of recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for complex phenotypes confirm the early conjecture for polygenicity, suggesting the presence of large number of variants with only tiny or moderate effects. However, due to the limited sample size of a single GWAS, many associated genetic variants are too weak to achieve the genome-wide significance. These undiscovered variants further limit the prediction capability of GWAS. Restricted access to the individual-level data and the increasing availability of the published GWAS results motivate the development of methods integrating both the individual-level and summary-level data. How to build the connection between the individual-level and summary-level data determines the efficiency of using the existing abundant summary-level resources with limited individual-level data, and this issue inspires more efforts in the existing area.

Results

In this study, we propose a novel statistical approach, LEP, which provides a novel way of modeling the connection between the individual-level data and summary-level data. LEP integrates both types of data by LEveraging Pleiotropy to increase the statistical power of risk variants identification and the accuracy of risk prediction. The algorithm for parameter estimation is developed to handle genome-wide-scale data. Through comprehensive simulation studies, we demonstrated the advantages of LEP over the existing methods. We further applied LEP to perform integrative analysis of Crohn’s disease from WTCCC and summary statistics from GWAS of some other diseases, such as Type 1 diabetes, Ulcerative colitis and Primary biliary cirrhosis. LEP was able to significantly increase the statistical power of identifying risk variants and improve the risk prediction accuracy from 63.39% (±0.58%) to 68.33% (±0.32%) using about 195 000 variants.

Availability and implementation

The LEP software is available at https://github.com/daviddaigithub/LEP.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Globalization and Design Institutionalization: ICSID’s XIth Congress and the Formation of ALADI, 1979
Authors: Messell Tania
Published: October 2018

The International Council of Societies of Industrial Design (ICSID) was founded in London in 1957 to raise the professional status of designers and to establish international standards for the profession. By the 1970s the Council had expanded its attempts to rationalize local production processes in developing countries and spur their entry into international markets, in line with the United Nations Industrial Development Organization’s (UNIDO) programme. As this article reveals, Latin America represented a crucial zone of intervention for the ICSID, whose efforts culminated in a congress held in Mexico City in 1979, organized around the theme ‘Industrial Design and Human Development’. The event nevertheless exposed heightened concerns about ICSID’s development policies and centralized structure, alongside the creation of the Latin American design organization ALADI by a circle of Latin American designers, who promulgated the benefits of place-based design practice and regional cooperation towards Latin America’s economic and cultural independence. Mapping ICSID’s initiatives in the region in the 1970s and examining the multifarious reception of the Council’s design precepts by Latin American design circles, this article highlights how processes of translation shaped their interactions, ultimately countering a ‘diffusionist’ model of cross-cultural exchanges.
Personality and Social Psychology
Authors: Snyder Mark , Deaux Kay
Published: October 2018

Lewin’s fundamental proposition that psychological events depend on the person and on the environment, although their relative importance may vary, launched the first edition of the Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology. The bridges between personality and social psychology are continued and expanded in this edition. This chapter presents the rationale for interactionist perspectives spanning personality and social psychology. The ways this rationale has evolved and research has developed in the years that have intervened since the first edition are noted. Previewed are the ways in which the handbook contributors explore the historical, conceptual, methodological, and empirical foundations for, and the theoretical and practical benefits of, such bridges across a broad range of domains of individual and social functioning. These explorations provide new and rich understandings that promise to advance the state of personality, social psychology, and their integration.
Identity
Authors: Vignoles Vivian L.
Published: October 2018

Identity refers to how people answer the question, “Who are you?” This question may be posed and answered explicitly or implicitly, at a personal or a collective level, to others or to oneself. Perspectives on identity tend to emphasize either personal or social contents and either personal or social processes. This chapter outlines key parameters for an integrative understanding of identity, arguing that identities are inescapably both personal and social, in their content and in the processes by which they are formed, maintained, and changed over time. Drawing on perspectives from psychology and neighboring disciplines, it examines the extensive and interconnected nature of identity content and the confluence of sociocultural, relational, and individual processes by which identities are formed, maintained, and change over time. The simultaneously personal and social nature of identity gives the construct its greatest theoretical potential: to provide insight into the relationship between the individual and society.
Attachment Theory Expanded
Authors: Mikulincer Mario , Shaver Phillip R.
Published: October 2018

This chapter moves from the original form of attachment theory and research to a more comprehensive behavioral systems theory of personality, motivation, and social behavior that considers both individual differences and the impact on mental processes and behavior of relationship partners and other aspects of social situations. The chapter begins by explaining the behavioral systems construct, including its species-universal and individual-differences aspects, which interact with social situations to shape social behavior. The behavioral systems studied to date are discussed: attachment, exploration, caregiving, sex, and power. More emphasis is placed on the attachment system than on the other behavioral systems because it has received more research attention, but new research related to the other behavioral systems is summarized. Avenues are suggested for further theorizing and research that will lead to a more complete behavioral systems theory of personality and social behavior.
Cybernetic Approaches to Personality and Social Behavior
Authors: DeYoung Colin G. , Weisberg Yanna J.
Published: October 2018

Cybernetics is the study of principles governing goal-directed, self-regulating, information-processing systems (artificial and living). Originating in the 1940s, it helped shape the cognitive revolution in psychology and has provided insight into cognition and the control of behavior. This chapter elucidates cybernetic concepts and discusses their application to understanding personality and social behavior. Cybernetic approaches are promising for developing solutions to two major problems at the intersection of personality and social psychology: first, describing stable individual differences in terms of psychological processes that change from moment to moment in response to situational factors; second, developing explanatory, process-based theories to accompany the descriptive models of personality, like the Big Five, that constitute the largest accomplishment of personality psychology in the last half century. Following discussion of the basic principles of cybernetics, a cybernetic theory of the Big Five is discussed, followed by applications to social behavior, including self-monitoring and interpersonal theory.
Perspectives on the Person
Authors: Fleeson William , Jayawickreme Eranda
Published: October 2018

The P of the Lewinian equation B=f(P,E) is addressed by a conceptual map of perspectives to characterize the P (persons). Most of these perspectives operate within personality psychology, so those perspectives are emphasized within personality; because several perspectives on the person operate within social psychology, those perspectives also are described. Lewin intended that the P and E (environment) parts of the equation be considered in tandem. Thus, this chapter considers from a personality perspective the integration between personality and social psychology; it argues that although integration has advanced, the two fields hold each other at an arm’s-length mutual acceptance. Last described are theories of personality, especially whole trait theory, that include both P and E as example ways to close that last arm’s-length distance. Whole trait theory traits are both explanatory and descriptive concepts, require both persons and situations to be described, and become investigated with both correlational and experimental methods.
Perspectives on the Situation
Authors: Reis Harry T. , Holmes John G.
Published: October 2018

This chapter reviews major theoretical positions on the influence of situations for the understanding of both personality and social–psychological processes. We review the history and current status of this topic, and we describe in some detail two recent theories that seem particularly amenable toward resolving the disparate approaches that this distinction often engenders. Broadly considered, our position is that personality and situations must be considered interacting factors, but in a theoretically specific way. The concept of affordance—that situations provide opportunities for the expression of certain personality traits—is central to our analysis. We also discuss several issues that personality and social psychologists might profitably consider to provide better grounding for theories and research about the impact of situations on behavior.
Context in Person, Person in Context
Authors: Adams Glenn , Kurtiş Tuğçe
Published: October 2018

The authors describe a cultural psychology approach to social–personality. Extending the standard social–psychological emphasis on the importance of context, the first section considers the cultural constitution of personal experience. Engagement with cultural affordances shapes a person with associated residual tendencies that constitute a form of context in person: embodied traces of a person’s engagement with ecological structures of mind that reconstitute the person’s habitual ways of being. Extending an emphasis on importance of subjective construal, the second section considers the psychological constitution of cultural worlds. As people act on subjective interpretations, their behavior leaves traces on objective realities that constitute a form of person in context: everyday constructions of reality bearing the influence of personal activity. A cultural psychological analysis balances the traditional social psychological emphasis on the power of the situation with restored emphasis on the power of the culturally grounded person as (re)constructor of intentional worlds.
Conceptual and Methodological Issues in the Analysis of Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Dyadic Data
Authors: Kashy Deborah A. , Donnellan M. Brent
Published: October 2018

This chapter provides an introduction to the analysis of nonindependent data from dyads. We begin by examining current practices regarding dyadic and group research in social and personality psychology and compare those findings with our original survey of research published in 2008 and 2009. We then present basic definitions, as well as a brief introduction to multilevel modeling and structural equation modeling for dyads. We present SPSS and Mplus syntax to specify the models we describe. We then discuss cross-sectional and longitudinal dyadic designs and provide examples of how these have been used to advance social and personality psychological science. For cross-sectional designs we provide details of the actor–partner interdependence model and two other dyadic models as alternatives—the common fate model and the mutual influence model. For longitudinal designs, we discuss dyadic growth models.
Mo’ Money Mo’ Problems
Authors: Lezama Nigel
Published: October 2018

At the most fundamental level, bling—the display of prestige through luxury goods—is the latest iteration of “conspicuous consumption,” coming from hip hop culture. However, hip hop artists have not consistently focused on luxury consumption for the sole purpose of celebrating—and thereby reinforcing—elite signs of the wider (and whiter) dominant culture that has historically sought (and currently seeks) to circumscribe the influence of black American culture. This chapter focuses on three tracks, from the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, that highlight ways that hip hop has questioned, satirized, and hollowed out the meanings ascribed to dominant cultural capital. Luxury hip hop and hip hop luxury also subversively reconfigure the meanings of elite symbols and highlight hip hop’s power to redefine dominant cultural signs of power.
Remixing the Environment
Authors: Galloway Kate
Published: October 2018

This chapter explores how Paul D. Miller (aka DJ Spooky) experiments with multimedia formats and hip hop aesthetics, including remix culture and sampling, to challenge how pressing environmental issues are communicated to the public. His work Terra Nova: Sinfonia Antarctica (2009) combines scientific data with social advocacy and activism, illustrating how his music and personal politics have a sustained relationship with global polar regions, soundscape recording, data, technology, and climate change advocacy. In his ecoconscious works, Miller calls attention to communities whose voices are often muted in the discourse of climate change and the many other pressing global environmental issues. He is also concerned with making his music and the information it contains accessible to all. The chapter describes how in Terra Nova Miller uses sonification and sound technology to remediate and repackage climate change data and environmentalism discourse for a diverse audience.
Recuperating the Real
Authors: Sajnani Damon
Published: October 2018

“Recuperating the Real” revisits the perennial question of authenticity in hip hop to show how its original iteration connotes a commitment to Black liberation. In the post–golden era, this counterhegemonic version of realness was overshadowed in mainstream rap productions by an alternate version that reinscribes dominant norms more than it challenges them. This chapter delineates these versions as hip hop authenticity and rap authenticity, and traces their common origins through their divergence and eventual loose associations with conscious hip hop and gangsta rap respectively. It then argues that scholars have disproportionately attended to rap authenticity at the expense of hip hop authenticity. Consequently, performances of realness that commercialize a supposed Black cultural pathology have been exhaustively critiqued. However, hip hoppers’ use of authenticity discourse as a means of critical self-definition and communal boundary work organically rooted in Black resistance against intersecting systems of oppression remains undertheorized.
Evaluating the Past and Present of Sample-Based Hip Hop
Authors: Alaigh Arvin
Published: October 2018

This chapter examines how the prevalence of mainstream sample-based hip hop has evolved over the last fifteen years. It locates the mid-2000s as a moment in which sampling had been severely marginalized, and elaborates the confluence of factors—including the prominence of the Southern production style, commercialization of hip hop, and the rise of the ringtone industry—that yielded the subgenre of “ringtone rap.” Primarily drawing on Billboard charts, as well as a novel metric called the “Sample-Based Score,” this chapter charts the rise and fall of hip hop sampling vis-à-vis ringtone rap, up through the contemporary moment. It ultimately concludes that sampling is more prominent today than it was during the ringtone rap era, but will not return to its 1990s ubiquity given the trends toward digitalization in hip hop production.
Predicting Elections
Authors: Norpoth Helmut
Published: October 2018

This chapter covers the major types of election forecasting, as they have been applied in the United States and other democracies. For the most part, electoral forecasts have relied on three approaches. In the order in which they have emerged, these are prediction markets, pre-election polls, and structural models. In the last few years, Google searches, Facebook, and Twitter have also been exploited by election forecasters. The handbook chapter describes the various methods and evaluates their successes and failures. Of particular interest is the widespread failure of nearly all approaches to predict the election of Donald Trump. The postmortem is still ongoing. It remains to be seen what can be done to make election forecasting more accurate and thus more trustworthy.