bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Babkin Alexander S. , Teodorovich Oleg V. , Suleymanov Suleyman I. , Shatokhin Maksim N. , Borisenko Gennadij G. , Rasshchupkina Elena V.
Published: November 2023

The review article discusses modern methods for diagnosing and treating patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The search and analysis of information was carried out in the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, eLibrary. Information about photodynamic diagnostics, narrow-band imaging, mono- and bipolar transurethral resection, transurethral thulium and holmium laser resection, en-bloc resection of neoplasms, Nd:YAG laser ablation of the tumor bed is presented. The features, advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods, as well as their combinations and modifications are described in detail. Particular attention is paid to the use of laser technologies in the surgical treatment of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. An analysis of the results of studies of the efficacy and safety of various methods of surgical treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer was carried out. The significance of the problem of increasing the efficiency of treatment of such patients, which is one of the priority areas of modern oncourology, is indicated.
Use of progestagens to preserve pregnancy: modern approaches
Authors: Zhuk S.I. , Us I.V.
Published: November 2023

Review objectives: to summarize current and clinical data on the role of progesterone support in women at risk of miscarriage and premature pregnancy according to the standards of evidence-based medicine. Control of plasma progesterone levels is a fundamental tool for managing the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies. The association of a low level of serum progesterone with lower rates of current pregnancy and live birth in cycles of assisted reproductive technologies was revealed. Patients with low serum progesterone on the day of embryo transfer need individualized support of the luteal phase, which involves adding additional doses of progesterone to standard regimens.

Vaginal micronized progesterone is currently believed to be the only progestogen that increases the likelihood of a live birth in women with bleeding in early pregnancy which has one or more miscarriages.

Vaginal progesterone can be considered for patients with a high risk of miscarriage in the following modes: with vaginal bleeding and a history of one or more miscarriages (threatened miscarriage) – 400 mg twice a day, starting with the detection of vaginal bleeding up to 16 full weeks of pregnancy; with a history of three or more pregnancy losses of unknown etiology (habitual miscarriage) – asymptomatic patients вЂ” 200 mg twice a day up to 12 full weeks of pregnancy; patients with vaginal bleeding – 400 mg 2 times a day up to 16 weeks of pregnancy. Currently, there is no evidence of the effectiveness other forms of progesterone and other doses.

Conclusions. Vaginal micronized progesterone demonstrated: high efficiency as a standard of luteal phase support; increasing the chance of a live birth in women with a double risk factor for miscarriage (vaginal bleeding in the 1st trimester and в‰Ґ1 previous miscarriage); the absence of safety problems for the fetus and the health of newborns when used in the early and late stages of pregnancy.
FINANCIAL FLOWS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS (UKRAINE – EU)
Authors: Levandivskyi O. T. , Shchur R. I. , Matskiv V. V. , Kokhan I. V.
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the international trade and economic relations of Ukraine with the countries of the world. Considerable attention is paid to relations between Ukraine and the European Union (EU). Ukraine considers the way to EU membership. Attention is drawn to the European integration progress of our country, which is a natural consequence of Ukraine's independence. The most acceptable ways for regulation of relations in the area of international business activity are considered. The main goal of Ukraine is to create conditions for joining the community of developed European countries by means of large-scale internal transformations. Trade and economic relations between Ukraine and the European Union became an inevitable political reality. European guidelines became a practical reflection of a number of decisions and actions of official bodies of the Ukrainian state and the European Union.
The fact that the European choice of Ukraine does not change is explained by the fact that it is a community of European nations. Integration into the European political, financial, economic and humanitarian space is a strategic orientation of the state development and a factor of systemic development. The components of the rapprochement process of Ukraine with the European Union are the deepening of the political dialogue, the strengthening of the European security space and the improvement of the effectiveness of cooperation tools in the priority areas of "integration".
In the current foreign and domestic political situation, Ukraine's relations with the European Union are extremely important in this aspect. It is not only about more or less active relations with a more powerful foreign partner, but also about Ukraine's ability to make strategic decisions for the future, which depends on the position and role of the state in the new international order of financial and economic relations.
ADAPTATION OF MODERN GLOBAL EXPERIENCE IN INCREASE OF THE PROFIT OF COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Koshelok H. V. , Gorlova O. P.
Published: November 2023

The topic of finding ways to increase profits is most acute for enterprises operating in markets with high intensity of competition with rapid demand variability such as the retail market. Large retailers feel the most confident about it, but even they have to constantly look for new ways to improve financial results. The purpose of this article is to determine ways to increase the profit of trading enterprises based on the adaptation of modern world experience in this field.
The financial result is considered as a profit or loss for the accounting period, as well as an increase or decrease in the company's equity for the period. It is noted that in order to improve the management of financial results, enterprises should enrich the methodology of planning, control and analysis with various indicators of financial results. Modern global trends in the development of large retailers have been studied.
To compare the ways of development of foreign and domestic large retailers, one of the largest trading companies of Ukraine was chosen. This is Epicenter K LLC, the structure of which has many foreign analogues. Epicenter K LLC has no direct competitors in Ukraine. However, it competes in the retail market for some product groups. It is clarified that Epicenter K LLC successfully follows most of the global trends in the development of large distribution networks. The sphere in which the Ukrainian company lags behind the achievements of large retailers with a world name has been identified. This is the development of own software products, which are designed to attract more customers to the products of Epicenter K LLC. A study conducted by Epicenter K LLC shows that 63% of the customers of their hypermarket network are aged between 25 and 45. That is, most of the company's customers are a category of buyers who are open to accepting new IT offers. Concepts of digital technologies aimed at increasing the profit of Epicenter K LLC are proposed. Methodical recommendations are provided for calculating the expected financial result from their implementation. A preliminary assessment of the expected financial results of the implementation of the proposals and their payback period was carried out, which confirms their feasibility.
Developing climate governance strategies in Nigeria: An emphasis on methane emissions mitigation
Authors: Ogbowuokara Onwusameka Sonny , Leton Tambari Gladson , Ugbebor John Nwenearizi , Orikpete Ochuko Felix
Published: November 2023

In the face of escalating global climate change concerns, nations, including Nigeria, are urged to enhance their climate governance strategies. Nigeria, a key player in Africa and particularly susceptible to climate change, confronts the critical task of addressing and mitigating its greenhouse gas emissions, with a significant focus on methane. This study explores the evolution of Nigeria's climate governance, emphasizing methane emission mitigation. It examines Nigeria's varied emission sources across agriculture, fossil fuel industries, and waste management, underscoring the necessity for sector-specific strategies. The research outlines the methods for identifying emissions, the collaborative efforts with stakeholders, and the resultant action plans. It highlights the pivotal role of the Climate and Clean Air Program (CCAP) and its compliance with the National Climate Change Policy and Response Strategy (NCCPRS) and the Paris Agreement. The paper also stresses the importance of integrating scientific inquiry with practical governance, exploring the benefits of synergistic collaborations. However, it acknowledges the challenges in aligning diverse stakeholder interests. The study reveals Nigeria's proactive and holistic approach to climate governance, particularly concerning methane emissions. It emphasizes that effective climate action requires a blend of policy development, scientific accuracy, and inter-sectoral cooperation. Nigeria's experience offers valuable lessons for other countries in implementing customized climate initiatives, highlighting both the opportunities and complexities involved.
Interference of macroeconomy in the performance of stock markets in Latin America and Asia
Authors: Costa Edgar Maria Ferreira da , Martins Noriller Rafael , Nogueira Maria Aparecida Farias de Souza , Silva Josimar Pires da
Published: November 2023

This research aims to investigate the effects of macroeconomic variables on stock market performance in Latin America and Asia. To achieve this objective, we considered data from 2000 to 2018 from nine countries located in Latin America and Asia, namely Brazil, Chile, China, India, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, and Russia. The independent variables used in the work to determine the macroeconomic effects on the financial market were ec onomic freedom D(Ln(EF)), unemployment rate D(UNE), gross domestic product D(%ΔGDP) and exchange rate D(ER). We used the score of the local stock exchange D(SE) as a proxy for performance and as a dependent variable. Subsequently, multiple panel data regression was performed. The results show that all variables are significant at 10%. D(Ln(EF)) and D(ER) show a negative relation with D(SE), and D(UNE) and D(%ΔGDP) show a positive relation with D(SE). Important macroeconomic results with company performance.
Análise da Motivação para Permanência na Docência no Ensino Superior de Contabilidade
Authors: Souza Gustavo Henrique Dias , Moura Olívia Bernardo de , Durso Samuel de Oliveira , Cunha Jacqueline Veneroso Alves da , Avelino Bruna Camargos
Published: November 2023

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar os principais fatores explicativos da motivação de professores de graduação dos cursos de Ciências Contábeis para permanecer com a atuação docente. Foi realizado um levantamento com 116 docentes do curso de Ciências Contábeis no Brasil. O instrumento da pesquisa foi baseado na Escala de Motivação Acadêmica (EMA). Os dados foram analisados por meio de regressões lineares múltiplas para os diferentes níveis motivacionais relacionados com a Teoria da Autodeterminação. Identificou-se que a remuneração e a escolaridade foram os principais fatores que explicaram a motivação dos docentes participantes da amostra da pesquisa. Além disso, a experiência na carreira docente também foi importante para entender diversos níveis de motivação dos professores. O gênero, por sua vez, só foi significativo para entender um tipo de motivação extrínseca para a continuidade na carreia. Trazendo um novo foco para a temática de motivação acadêmica, este estudo explora os aspectos relacionados à motivação dos docentes em Ciências Contábeis no cenário brasileiro. Assim, os resultados podem incentivar novas políticas no ensino ou no ambiente de trabalho desses profissionais. Além disso, o estudo possibilita aprofundar o conhecimento em um fator diretamente relacionado com a qualidade da educação superior na área contábil, a motivação para a docência, contribuindo para melhorias da formação dos discentes da área. A investigação contribui, ainda, com o avanço da literatura, pela aplicação da Teoria da Autodeterminação ao contexto dos docentes em Ciências Contábeis, e, de forma metodológica, pela aplicação de uma adaptação da EMA.
Antioxidant Activity of Mahogany Parasite Leaves (Dendrophthu pentandra (L.) Miq.) Assessed Using the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl) Method
Authors: Reza Muhammad , Nurdin Nurmalahayati , Salsabila B.S. Siti Raihan
Published: November 2023

Synthetic antioxidants, such as butyl hydroxyanisole (BHA), have carcinogenic (cancer-causing) adverse effects because they can cause type I alveolar damage and damage to lung endothelial genes. The objective of this study was to use the DPPH (2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method to investigate the antioxidant activity of natural substances found in the leaves of the mahogany parasite (Dendrophthu pentandra (L.) Miq.). Extraction, chromatography, and spectrophotometry are the techniques used. Maceration in stages utilizing n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol as solvents yielded mahogany parasite leaf extract. Phytochemical screening, thin layer chromatography testing, antioxidant activity testing utilizing a Visible Spectrophotometer, and estimating the IC50 were all performed on mahogany parasite leaf extract. The phytochemical screening results revealed that the samples included four types of secondary metabolites: flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. A thin layer chromatographic test revealed four well-separated stains using n-hexane and ethyl acetate eluent in a volume ratio of 5:5, showing the Rf as the value of the four secondary metabolites mentioned above. Based on the results of the experiments, it is possible to conclude that mahogany parasite leaves have strong antioxidant activity, with an IC50 of 8.47 ppm.
AUTOMATIC PRONUNCIATION ASSESSMENT IN A FLIPPED CLASSROOM CONTEXT
Authors:   Faculty of Education, Department of English Language and Literature, University of Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia, Vancova Hana
Published: November 2023

Automatic pronunciation assessment programs allow learners to practice pronunciation independently and receive immediate feedback based on acoustic analysis of their speech compared to a pronunciation model. The programs display a high level of reliability when assessing speakers’ pronunciation accuracy. The paper aims to present the results of an investigation into a recent experimental application of an automatic pronunciation assessment online program used within the flipped classroom of English phonetics and phonology course taught to foreign language pre-service teachers of English. Flipped learning approach was selected to offload the preliminary activities and tasks that do not require the immediate attention of the teacher to an online learning management system. Thus, course participants’ face-to-face learning could be enhanced and more effective. The participants could practice and receive tailored feedback from an online program before the face-to-face class. After the individual pronunciation practice, they could discuss more complex questions with the lecturer and, in collaboration with fellow students. The paper will present the survey results among the course participants who evaluated their experience with automatic pronunciation evaluation. Special attention is paid to the potential use of such programs for developing linguistic competence.
TEACHING THE FIRST STORIES OF MUKHTAR AUEZOV IN HIGH SCHOOL
Authors:   Ph.D. Candidate, Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan, Azatbakyt Ainur , Alkaya Ercan ,   Doctor of Philology Sciences, Professor of Firat University, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Department of Modern Turkish Dialects and Literature, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
Published: November 2023

The article deals with the study of the stories of the talented writer M. Auezov, known not only in our original literature but in all human literature and culture. Methods of teaching with students by analyzing the artistic-ideological feature of the writer's stories in the higher school are offered. Along with the literary side, M. Auezov speaks about the importance of fundamental research in the field of literary criticism, and pedagogical work in the field of teaching, psychological and philosophical ideas. The first stories of the writer are considered as a means of teaching art and worldview, raising questions, and skills of character development in the university. The author shows ways to engage students in cognitive work, research, conducting thematic-compositional analysis of the conversation, a comprehensive analysis of the characters, mastering the text and literary analysis in the teaching of students in high school. The speech goes about the new research of the writer's work and the new perception of the writer's work. In conclusion, the author guides future specialists in Kazakh literature to assess the vitality and value of fiction, including the heritage of M. Auezov, which is our national value.
Bleeding control of an injury to the infrarenal inferior vena cava and right external iliac vein by ipsilateral internal iliac artery and superficial femoral vein ligation after blunt abdominal trauma in Korea: a case report
Authors: Park Hoonsung , Kim Maru , Lee Dae Sang , Hong Tae Hwa , Kim Doo-Hun , Cho Hang joo
Published: November 2023

Inferior vena cava (IVC) injuries, while accounting for fewer than 0.5% of blunt abdominal trauma cases, are among the most difficult to manage. Despite advancements in prehospital care, transportation, operative techniques, and perioperative management, the mortality rate for IVC injuries has remained at 20% to 66% for several decades. Furthermore, 30% to 50% of patients with IVC injuries succumb during the prehospital phase. A 65-year-old male patient, who had been struck in the back by a 500-kg excavator shovel at a construction site, was transported to a regional trauma center. Injuries to the right side of the infrarenal IVC and the right external iliac vein (EIV) were suspected, along with fractures to the right iliac bone and sacrum. The injury to the right side of the infrarenal IVC wall was repaired, and the right internal iliac artery was ligated. However, persistent bleeding around the right EIV was observed, and we were unable to achieve proximal and distal control of the right EIV. Attempts at prolonged manual compression were unsuccessful. To decrease venous return, we ligated the right superficial femoral vein. This reduced the amount of bleeding, enabling us to secure the surgical field. We ultimately controlled the bleeding, and approximately 5 L of blood products were infused intraoperatively. A second-look operation was performed 2 days later, by which time most of the bleeding sites had ceased. Orthopedic surgeons then took over the operation, performing closed reduction and external fixation. Five days later, the patient underwent definitive fixation and was transferred for rehabilitation on postoperative day 22.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CONTACT (EPICONTACT) INVESTIGATION OF COVID-19 AT ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOLS IN KUNINGAN REGENCY, INDONESIA
Authors: Heriana Cecep , Moh. Said Faridah Binti , Yasmin Farzana , Nurrika Dieta , Nugroho Purwo Setiyo
Published: November 2023

Introduction: COVID-19 has spread throughout the world with more than 61, 27 million patients infected, including in education clusters that implement boarding schools. Contact investigations on the cluster are necessary to control the spread of the virus. Aims: To describe the epidemiological contact pattern of investigation results in the Islamic Boarding School cluster in Kuningan Regency. Methods: The design of this study is descriptive with epidemiological approach. The population is  all students of Pondok Pesantren X, as many as 164 students, a sample of 157 students who are positive for COVID-19, and research instrument for the COVID-19 outbreak is investigation form, the variables studied included age, gender, symptoms, duration of contact, number of contacts, number of contact groups and place of contact. Result: Univariate data analysis with epi-contact analysis show: sex: 33.3% male, 60.03% female, average age 15.05 years, the average number of contacts 3.25 people, the average number of male contacts 2.62 and female 3.39, number of male contact groups 41, number of female contact groups 91. Age of value p=0.037. Conclusions: Contact pattern conclusions are mostly in  female with the number of contacts between 3-4 people and age is related to the number of contacts. Limiting contact when there is suspicion is necessary to prevent transmission.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE USE OF DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES IN LOCAL ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS ACCORDING TO THE CRITERION OF MINIMUM LOSS OF ELECTRICITY
Authors: Denysiuk Sergii , Hilevych Kateryna
Published: November 2023

The issue of optimizing the use of distributed energy resources in local electric power systems (LES) based on the criterion of minimum power loss is considered. It was determined that an important step in optimizing the use of distributed energy resources in the LES is the development of an energy router that allows devices that generate, store, and consume electricity to be combined into a single system at low voltage (without integration into medium voltage electrical networks). The energy router itself can be positioned as a basic device that ensures the operation of LES, the interaction of neighboring LES at the level of energy and information exchange, and the integration of specific LES to medium voltage distribution networks.

It is shown that the basic component of the evaluation of the effective functioning of energy routers and the platform approach in the LES, in accordance with the requirements of the Energy Internet, is the analysis of the components of electricity losses, the influence on their level of various factors, as well as the formation of appropriate energy efficiency criteria and the assessment of the partial impact of LES elements. It is proposed to carry out a description of energy processes during the decomposition of Frize reactive power with the allocation of reactive and active current in the controlled intersections of the system. The decomposition of the QF power into components under the action of various causes (factors) of additional electricity losses in the LES, in particular, due to different modes of operation of generators and LES loads (voltage and current spectra), both during the period of system operation and for an arbitrary period of time, was considered. which is determined by technological factors of system operation.

The use of Frize power made it possible to take into account the energy supply processes of LES loads on alternating and direct current from a single point of view, in particular, to assess the impact of a combination of various factors of the appearance of additional electricity losses; comparison of electricity losses for different time intervals through a selected controlled intersection, when the direction of the flow of electricity is constant or the direction of the flow of electricity changes during separate time intervals; analysis of electricity losses in direct and alternating current systems of LES or hybrid systems, where modified capacities are introduced, as integral estimates of the discrepancy, which determines the influence of distorting factors; assessment of the impact of changes in voltage and current in the intersection of LES of limited power on the components of additional losses; analysis of changes in load consumption of active power according to the first harmonic and higher harmonics as integral indicators.
DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL POWER TELEMETERING SYSTEM USING MICROCONTROLLER DEVICE VIA GSM
Authors: Abdulhamid Mohanad
Published: November 2023

Traditionally, reading of energy meters is done by human operators who move from house to house collecting readings. This exercise requires huge labor operator numbers and a lot of time to achieve complete reading of meters in a particular area. This paper endeavors to do away with this problem by using a telemetering system. With this system, power can be measured from a remote site. To achieve this, readings from an energy meter on site are processed by a microcontroller device that then sends the energy consumption information to a Global System Mobile(GSM) module. The GSM module then sends this information using microwaves to a particular mobile subscriber who receives it in the form of an Short Message Service(SMS). The reading is also transmitted to a web based telemetering system through a server. In the remote site, a remote computer which can access the internet is able to obtain data from the server through the internet. The microcontroller is developed in such a way that it achieves communication between the energy meter and the particular server using Transmission Control Protocol(TCP) protocol. Software programs are also developed to facilitate transfer of data to the user at remote site. With the web based telemetering system connected to the internet, electrical energy measurements can be accessed globally. The efficiency of the transmission channel is important for the success of both SMS and web based telemetering systems.
Role of U.S. Congress in Development and Implementation of the “Strategic Ambiguity” Policy in Taiwan Strait
Authors: Tsvetkov I.
Published: November 2023

The article considers the evolution of the U.S. political strategy in relation to the Taiwan problem. For several decades, the American approach has been marked by “strategic ambiguity”, but recently there have been signs of more unequivocal support for Taiwan. The question of whether the era of “strategic ambiguity” can be considered to be over is resolved by the author using an analysis of changes in the American foreign policy mechanism. It is noted that the U.S. Congress, starting from the period of D. Trump’s presidency, not only performs its traditional functions of defending democratic Taiwan from encroachments by the PRC, but also neutralizes the most radical initiatives of the executive branch aimed at the transition to “strategic clarity” in relations with China and Taiwan. This indicates the desire of some legislators to delay the elimination of “strategic ambiguity” that is beneficial for the United States, but the steps already taken by the U.S. government make abandoning it almost inevitable. Political polarization in the United States is an additional and increasingly significant factor influencing the development of a strategy towards Taiwan. The desire of congressmen and senators to attract the sympathy of more radical voters is leading to a revision of the approaches that have developed over the decades since 1979. Maintaining the status quo in the Taiwan Strait is no longer considered unconditionally good, because, according to the new bipartisan consensus in the U.S., that status quo has already disrupted due to China’s rising military power and political ambitions. In such an environment, even American politicians who were previously not prone to provocative behavior, including those representing the Democratic Party, are starting to aggravate the game, while the influence of moderate forces is weakening: the U.S. executive and legislative branches of government are literally racing to demonstrate their readiness to give a tough rebuff to China in the Taiwan Strait. Thus, the internal political split in the United States contributes to further deterioration of the American-Chinese relations, therefore, the mechanism for balancing the U.S. relations with China and Taiwan that has developed over decades can no longer work with the same efficiency.
General Offensive of the Armed Forces of Ukraine:Preliminary Results
Authors: Tsedilina E.
Published: November 2023

By the summer of 2022, the armed conflict between Moscow and Kiev turned into a positional confrontation mode. In an effort to reverse the situation in favor of Ukraine in order to force Russia to actually surrender, the United States relied on the preparation and implementation of the Ukrainian counteroffensive. However, contrary to expectations, all the efforts of the Armed Forces of Ukraine aimed at breaking through the Russian defense turned out to be fruitless. And although Ukrainians do not give up desperate attempts to achieve at least some result, it is already obvious that the strategic objectives of the “general offensive” will not be fulfilled. In this regard, the main question is: in which direction the conflict will develop further towards further escalation or attempts will be made at a political settlement. Apparently, Washington is inclined to continue military operations hoping to increase the combat capabilities of the Ukrainian army and continue the offensive operation in the spring of 2024. This is evidenced by the provision of new packages of military assistance to Ukraine, including the supply of even more destructive weapons. As for the negotiation process, neither side of the conflict is ready for it yet. The demanding positions of the participants in the confrontation are so far from each other that at present they see the only way to achieve their goals as a military solution that means victory on the battlefield.
The challenges faced by the education sector of Sri Lanka during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   University of Dundee, Mohideen Aysha
Published: November 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic was a global disaster that devastated all aspects of life forcing students to transition from a physical classroom to online learning. This new way of learning posed a significant challenge for pupils in state schools in Sri Lanka. This article focuses on the challenges the Sri Lankan education sector faced during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.
Correlates of Smartphone Addiction Among Thai Muslim Adolescents: The Role of Family
Authors: Kim Yejin , Dhammasaccakarn Wanchai , Laeheem Kasetchai , Rinthaisong Idsaratt
Published: November 2023

While smartphones offer numerous benefits, their usage also poses potential drawbacks, particularly for adolescents. Notably, there has been limited research focusing specifically on Muslim adolescent students in Thailand. This study seeks to address this gap by examining the prevalence and family factors influencing smartphone addiction (SA) among 825 Muslim secondary school students across three provinces in Southern Thailand. Employing purposive sampling, the research highlights a concerning 70% rate of SA. The investigation reveals a link between parental education levels and smartphone usage among adolescents. Utilizing a structural equation model (SEM), family functioning dimensions such as ‘Emotional Status’ and ‘Discipline’ are shown to have a considerable impact on SA. Contrary to expectations, enhanced ‘Family Support’ has emerged as a potential risk factor, suggesting nuances in family dynamics that may contribute to SA. The findings advocate for the reinforcement of family functioning and call for initiatives to improve digital literacy and foster open communication between parents and children. However, the reliance on self-reported measures and the cross-sectional nature of the study underlines the necessity for more expansive future research to validate these findings and explore underlying mechanisms.
Geochemistry of Cenozoic Basaltic Rocks from Anhui Province, China: Implications for Their Petrogenesis and Mantle Processes
Authors: Lee Yung-Tan , Lin Meng-Lung
Published: November 2023

Based on the major, trace element, and isotope data of the Cenozoic basalts in the study area, it is indicated that the basalts in this region can be classified into three distinct magma systems: alka-li basalts, tholeiite basalts, and Nushan alkali basalts. The geochemical characteristics observed in the studied basalts indicate that the mantle source in this region might have experienced met-asomatic processes prior to partial melting, which could be linked to an ancient subduction pro-cess. Combining the geochemical characteristics in the studied basalts with previous research, we propose that the underlying mantle source in Anhui province may have undergone metaso-matism due to the carbonatitic melts. These melts are believed to have originated from car-bonated eclogite, derived from subducted Pacific slab materials present in the deeper mantle. According to the Sr-Nd isotope data, it is suggested that the mantle source in the Nushan region could be derived from a depleted asthenospheric mantle, while the basaltic composition in the Niugang area may be representative of the mantle's end components associated with the EM-I enriched mantle source present in this study area. Therefore, we propose that the Anhui basalts may have originated from the partial melting of a mantle source representing a mixing of two end-members: DMM (Depleted MORB Mantle) and EM-Ⅰ (Enriched Mantle 1). The Anhui basal-tic magmas may have originated from the partial melting of EM-Ⅰ, potentially influenced by upwelling asthenospheric mantle or asthenospheric diapirism processes. The mantle source in the study area experiences partial melting at 1-5%, 15%, and 1-10%, resulting in the formation of parent magmas for alkali basalt, tholeiitic basalt, and Nushan alkali basalt. Subsequently, the parent magmas experienced fractional crystallization processes, which included minerals like olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase. This led to the formation of various types of basalt in the study area.
Development and Analysis of Multistage Spraying of Liquids in Ultrasonic Field
Authors: Shalunov Andrey Victorovich , Khmelev Vladimir Nikolaevich , Terentiev Sergey Aleksandrovich , Nesterov Viktor Aleksandrovich , Genne Dmitry Vladimirovich
Published: November 2023

Spraying various liquids (primarily aqueous solutions of various substances) is widely used in various technological processes. For most of them, high dispersibility and narrow droplet size distribution are essential. This facilitates ultrasonic spray technique. However, the higher the dispersity of droplets produced by ultrasonic spray, the lower the spray productivity. To solve this problem, we proposed a method of multistage spraying, consisting in generation of a large number of particles of large initial size (to ensure high productivity) and their subsequent destruction by propagation in a periodic ultrasonic field (to ensure small droplet sizes at high productivity). To experimentally determine the capabilities of this technique, a tubular emitter in the shape of a cylinder of stepped-variable cross-section was designed. Configuration of the ultrasonic field inside the emitter (22.2 kHz; 182 dB) implements three-stage spraying (the number of sputtering stages corresponds to the number of anti-nodes along the emitter axis). The effectiveness of proposed and developed technique suitable for generation of droplets sized less than 40 µm with performance exceeding the known ultrasonic spray techniques at least 10 times has been confirmed in the course of conducted research.
Exploring the Potential of Artificial Intelligence in Primary Care: Insights From Stakeholders’ Perspectives
Authors: Sides Teresa , Kbaier Dhouha , Farrell Tracie , Third Aisling
Published: November 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) has grown in healthcare in recent years. The UK government recognises AI’s potential to enhance NHS services, yet research on AI in primary care (PC) has received limited attention. AI acceptance presents unique challenges in PC, characterised by fragmented structures, heterogeneous data sources, and multiple government departments. The organisational levels within PC are categorised as macro, meso, and micro levels. Existing research has predominantly focused on micro-level stakeholders. Our online survey addressed this research gap by encom-passing stakeholder perspectives at all levels. The results demonstrate the critical role of me-so-level stakeholders in facilitating AI acceptance. Importantly, a lack of understanding of AI terminology and concepts, concerns over potential job displacement, and the importance of em-pathy in patient care are highlighted as key challenges. Stakeholders also express the need for standardised AI terminology, comprehensive training, and regulatory standards to ensure equi-table and effective AI utilisation. This study lays the foundation for future in-depth interviews and further exploration of AI's role in PC. Observations in secondary care indicate that practitioners have substantial concerns about AI, how it works, and its limitations. Explainable AI can help technologists address such concerns, but first, we need to understand primary care's information needs.
Territory Spatial Protection and Governance Based on Ecological Products Supply: A Case Study in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, China
Authors: Peng Wenying , Yuchi Xiaojuan , Sun Yue , Shan Ziyi
Published: November 2023

Territory space is an ecological resource carrier and place for human development. Human activities and ecological systems are the basis of ecological product supply. Promoting territory spatial protection and governance by improving the ecological products supply is very important. In this study, we established an ecological products supply capacity evaluation index system involving three types of ecological products, i.e., ecological environmental products, ecological material products, and ecological cultural products. For the case of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, we comprehensively used principal component analysis, equivalent factor method, and entropy method to evaluate the supply capacity of the ecological products from 2011 to 2021. Then, we analyzed the spatio-temporal pattern combining the natural breakpoint and quantile classification methods and analyzed the obstacle factors using the obstacle degree model of ecological supply. The results show that the supply capacity of different ecological product in each city are closely related to ecological resource endowment. The supply capacity of ecological products exhibited an upward trend, with the highest ecological environmental products supply, relatively smaller ecological material product supply, and the largest growth rate for ecological cultural product supply. The supply capacity of different ecological products varied across cities over time and displayed noticeable spatial differentiation. The main obstacle factors included eco-land, eco-tourism, eco-leisure, park green space, and fishery products, although there were variations among cities. Finally, based on the level, spatial-temporal pattern, and obstacle factors of ecological product supply, we proposed strategies for territory spatial protection and governance from the perspectives of integrated protection of elements, structural regulation, and systematic governance. The results reflected the ecological functional heterogeneity of territory space, which can provide spatial planning guidance for sustainable development.
Estimation of Chlorophyll Content in Wheat Based on Optimal Spectral Index
Authors: Gao Guitang , Zhang Liuya , Wu Ling , Yuan Debao
Published: November 2023

Accurate estimation of chlorophyll content in wheat leaves can not only reflect its growth and nutritional status, but also provide a scientific basis for field management. In order to evaluate the potential of hyperspectral data to estimate the chlorophyll content of wheat leaves, this study focused on the leaves of wheat at the flag-picking stage, flowering stage, grain filling stage and maturity stage. Based on the framework of five vegetation indexes, the spectral index was con-structed by using the combination of 400-1000nm bands, and the correlation between the con-structed spectral index and the measured chlorophyll value was analyzed, and the optimal spectral index was screened by the correlation coefficient. Based on the optimal spectral index, polynomial regression, random forest, decision tree and artificial neural network were used to establish the estimation model of chlorophyll value, and the optimal model for estimating the chlorophyll value of wheat leaves was selected through model evaluation. The results showed that the five optimal spectral indices at the four growth stages were mainly composed of red band, red edge band and near-infrared band, and the five optimal spectral indices at the grain filling stage had the highest correlation with the chlorophyll value, and the absolute value of the cor-relation coefficient was greater than 0.73, the accuracy of the estimation model established in the four growth stages was different, and the estimation accuracy of the flag stage was the best, with R² and RMSE of 0.79 and 2.63, respectively. The above results show that hyperspectral data is suitable for estimating the chlorophyll value of wheat leaves, and the PR model of flag picking period can be used as the optimal model for estimating the chlorophyll value of wheat leaves.
Sea lettuce (Ulva ohnoi) cultivation in biofloc technology: growth performance and characterization of bioactive compounds
Authors: Rocha Jamilly Sousa , Santos Daniele , Martins Mateus Aranha , Bauer Claúdia Marlene , Maraschin Marcelo , Hayashi Leila , Vieira Felipe do Nascimento
Published: November 2023

This work evaluated the biofloc technology cultivation of Ulva ohnoi on its growth performance and biocompounds contents. Ulva ohnoi was cultivated under an initial density of 6 g·L-1 for 28 days using water from a biofloc tank which was exchanged daily at a 90% rate. Temperature, salinity, and illuminance were measured daily. Algae growth and their density was adjusted weekly. Results showed an average plant growth of 1.15%·day-1 (49.5 g·week-1). A significant difference was observed when comparing the initial (2.64 ± 0.3%) and final (4.62 ± 0.2%) ulvan concentration, in addition to a protein increase of 30.2%. No statistical differences were found for concentrations of phenolics and chlorophylls. An increase in flavonoids was observed on days 7 and 14 (0.41 ± 0.04; and 0.41 ± 0.07 μg·g-1 of dry weight), as well as a decrease in carotenoids (41.3%). In conclusion, increases in protein and ulvan were observed after Ulva ohnoi was cultivated in bioflocs
Perbandingan Faktor Internal dan Eksternal dalam Politik Luar Negeri Iran dan Afghanistan
Authors: Darmawan Arief Bakhtiar , Pangestu Ilham , Cahyani Chika , Putri Aurani Azalia
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingan faktor internal dan eksternal yang memengaruhi politik luar negeri Iran dan Afghanistan. Pada tahun 2021, Taliban mengambil alih pemerintahan di Afghanistan tanpa perlawanan berarti. Taliban merupakan kelompok Islam beraliran Sunni yang memiliki sejarah penerapan syariat Islam di level negara. Masyarakat internasional menantikan bagaimana kepemimpinan di negara itu berjalan. Sementara itu, sebagai aktor geopolitik penting di kawasan, Iran merupakan negara republik yang berlandaskan pada Islam beraliran Syiah. Sebagai negara yang lebih stabil, Iran bisa jadi memiliki sistem politik yang bisa menjadi contoh awal bagi Taliban dalam memimpin Afghanistan. Dengan menggunakan teori Holsti mengenai faktor internal dan eksternal dalam kebijakan luar negeri, penelitian ini akan membandingkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi politik luar negeri Iran dan Afghanistan. Penulis menggunakan pendekatan konstruktivisme untuk menganalisis unsur material maupun non-material sebagai unsur penting dalam kebijakan di Iran dan Afghanistan, termasuk unsur Islam. Penulis berargumen bahwa politik luar negeri Iran dan Afghanistan dipengaruhi oleh agama Islam. Hal itu tercermin melalui beragam praktek kebijakan luar negeri, seperti dalam aliansi luar negeri, relasi dengan Amerika Serikat dan Israel, serta kepemilikan nuklir.
The Cooperation between Indonesia and UNHCR in dealing with Afghan Muslem Refugees (Case Study: Riau Province, 2021-2022).
Authors: Renolafitri Hendrini , Fadhila Naufal , Dewi Nevy Rusmarina
Published: November 2023

The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) plays a crucial role in safeguarding and upholding the rights of refugees worldwide. In November 2021, extensive demonstrations by Afghan refugees occurred across Indonesia, including in Pekanbaru city, Riau Province. These protests persisted on a weekly basis until November 2022. Indonesia served as a transit country for Afghan refugees enroute to their final destination, primarily Australia. The choice of Indonesia as a transit point was driven by its geographical proximity and perceived cultural similarities, particularly in terms of being predominantly Islamic nations. These similarities were expected to foster solidarity and aid in the evacuation process. However, despite these perceived similarities, they found themselves still trapped in Indonesia for an extended period, compelling them to implore UNHCR to expedite the resettlement process. It is noteworthy that Indonesia has not ratified the 1951 Convention, thereby relieving the country of technical responsibility towards international refugees. Nonetheless, given the inevitable nature of the situation, Indonesia and UNHCR must collaborate to effectively address and manage the challenges at hand.

 
The Effect of Implant Density on Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Fusion
Authors: Larson A. Noelle , Polly David W. , Sponseller Paul D. , Kelly Michael P. , Richards B. Stephens , Garg Sumeet , Parent Stefan , Shah Suken A. , Weinstein Stuart L. , Crawford Charles H. , Sanders James O. , Blakemore Laurel C. , Oetgen Matthew E. , Fletcher Nicholas D. , Kremers Walter K. , Marks Michelle C. , Brearley Ann M. , Aubin Carl-Eric , Sucato Daniel J. , Labelle Hubert , Erickson Mark A. ,   the Minimize Implants Maximize Outcomes Study Group
Published: November 2023

Background:

Severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can be treated with instrumented fusion, but the number of anchors needed for optimal correction is controversial.

Methods:

We conducted a multicenter, randomized study that included patients undergoing spinal fusion for single thoracic curves between 45° and 65°, the most common form of operatively treated AIS. Of the 211 patients randomized, 108 were assigned to a high-density screw pattern and 103, to a low-density screw pattern. Surgeons were instructed to use ≥1.8 implants per spinal level fused for patients in the high-implant-density group or ≤1.4 implants per spinal level fused for patients in the low-implant-density group. The primary outcome measure was the percent correction of the coronal curve at the 2-year follow-up. The power analysis for this trial required 174 patients to show equivalence, defined as a 95% confidence interval (CI) within a ±10% correction margin with a probability of 90%.

Results:

In the intention-to-treat analysis, the mean percent correction of the coronal curve was equivalent between the high-density and low-density groups at the 2-year follow-up (67.6% versus 65.7%; difference, −1.9% [95% CI: −6.1%, 2.2%]). In the per-protocol cohorts, the mean percent correction of the coronal curve was also equivalent between the 2 groups at the 2-year follow-up (65.0% versus 66.1%; difference, 1.1% [95% CI: −3.0%, 5.2%]). A total of 6 patients in the low-density group and 5 patients in the high-density group required reoperation (p = 1.0).

Conclusions:

In the setting of spinal fusion for primary thoracic AIS curves between 45° and 65°, the percent coronal curve correction obtained with use of a low-implant-density construct and that obtained with use of a high-implant-density construct were equivalent.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.