bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some empirical studies for the applications of fractional $ G $-Brownian motion in finance
Authors: Guo Changhong , Fang Shaomei , He Yong , Zhang Yong
Published: January 2025

Since the fractional $ G $-Brownian motion (fGBm) generalizes the concepts of the standard Brownian motion, fractional Brownian motion, and $ G $-Brownian motion, while it can exhibit long-range dependence or antipersistence and feature the volatility uncertainty simultaneously, it can be a better alternative stochastic process in the financial applications. Thus, in this paper, some empirical studies for the financial applications of the fGBm were carried out, where the recent high-frequency data for some selected assets in the financial market are from the Oxford-Man Institute of Quantitative Finance Realized Library. There are two main empirical findings. One was that the H-$ G $-normal distributions associated with the fGBm are more suitable in describing the dynamics of daily returns and increments of log-volatility for these assets than the usual distributions, since they not only characterize the properties of skewness, excess kurtosis, and long-range dependence $ \left(\frac{1}{2} < H < 1\right) $ or antipersistence $ \left(0 < H < \frac{1}{2}\right) $, but also feature the volatility uncertainty. The other one was that the daily return and log-volatility both behave essentially as fGBm with different $ \underline{\sigma}^2 $ and $ \overline{\sigma}^2 $, but Hurst parameters $ H < \frac{1}{2} $, at any reasonable time scale. Then a generalized stochastic model for the dynamics of the assets called rough fractional stochastic volatility model driven by fGBm (RFSV-fGBm) was developed. Finally, some parameter estimates and numerical experiments for the RFSV-fGBm model were investigated and carried out.
A propósito de la violencia anti-LGTBIQ. Notas para una aproximación crítica a los delitos de odio en España
Authors: Langarita Jose Antonio , Mas Grau Jordi , Albertín Carbó Pilar
Published: January 2025

Las experiencias que se sitúan al margen de las lógicas heterosexuales y cisgénericas han sido objeto de interés penal desde el siglo XVIII. Sin embargo, en las últimas décadas, las prácticas sexuales entre personas del mismo sexo, así como las identidades o expresiones de género que no se articulan a través de la concordancia entre genitales y género, han pasado de ser perseguidas a ser protegidas por el Código Penal en buena parte de los países occidentales. En este artículo, se hace un breve recorrido histórico que nos permite explicar cómo los cambios sociales también han significado cambios legales en materia de sexualidad y género, lo que ha generado el espacio que ha permitido la incorporación del paradigma de los delitos de odio en España, incluso con el apoyo de grupos sociales históricamente contestatarios. Asimismo, también se problematiza el paradigma de los delitos de odio, sus contradicciones y limitaciones para proteger a los grupos sociales vulnerables, y concretamente a las personas LGBTIQ. Finalmente, este texto propone algunas reflexiones que ayuden a pensar en vías de justicia restaurativa que puedan contribuir a la reparación o restauración en el caso de delitos de odio en el contexto español.
Parole, écriture, code
Authors: Hayles N. Katherine
Published: January 2025

Fascinée par ce qu’elle considère comme des similarités troublantes entre les théories littéraires et les modèles scientifiques contemporains, et forte d’une double compétence dans ces deux domaines, N. Katherine Hayles étudie les convergences entre littérature, science et technologie. Plus précisément, ses recherches se sont orientées vers les nouveaux médias, et s’inscrivent pleinement dans le champ des (post)humanités numériques dont elle est l’une des théoriciennes américaines les plus influentes. Dans le présent essai, elle s’interroge sur la nécessité d’une pensée du code en tant qu’il structure notre vision du monde au même titre que la parole et l’écriture.
Réflexions sur l’héritage urbain colonial de Tunis : les quartiers de Belvédère et Mutuelleville
Authors: Makni Farah
Published: January 2025

L’histoire des quartiers de Belvédère et Mutuelleville à Tunis témoigne de la richesse architecturale de l’époque coloniale marquée par des transformations paysagères majeures. Cet article explore la complexité de ce patrimoine, peu à peu appropriés par les Tunisiens, et les défis qu’il représente aujourd’hui en termes de préservation. À partir de ces deux études de cas, il souligne notamment l’existence de possibles tensions entre conservation et développement contemporain.
S’émanciper dans la réconciliation : le patrimoine colonial urbain de Hà Nội, un vecteur de « profondeur stratégique » pour le Việt Nam ?
Authors: Monarque Cathy
Published: January 2025

D’après une étude de cas sur Hà Nội, capitale du Việt Nam, et certains de ses édifices historiques (Théâtre municipal, Bibliothèque nationale…), cet article entend apporter une réflexion sur les défis conceptuels du patrimoine colonial urbain. En effet, dans cette perspective sont ainsi présentées les initiatives mises en place par le Việt Nam depuis son indépendance – et plus particulièrement depuis la réunification du pays – afin de préserver et de mettre en valeur son patrimoine colonial. L’étude des politiques patrimoniales vietnamiennes contemporaines, résultant de stratégies internes et internationales visant à préserver et à valoriser son patrimoine colonial, met en lumière sa décision de se tourner vers l’ancienne puissance coloniale française, dont l’expertise en ce domaine est reconnue à l’échelle mondiale. En coopérant avec la France, le Việt Nam témoigne d’un certain pragmatisme qui s’articule avec des logiques patrimoniales plus globales soutenues par l’UNESCO.Việt Nam, architecture, patrimoine colonial urbain, politique patrimoniale, coopération culturelle
Déboulonner l’histoire de Jeanne d’Arc à Ralaimongo
Authors: Rabe Indrafo , Ramilison Misa
Published: January 2025

Cet article examine les enjeux contemporains liés aux statues coloniales à Madagascar par l’exploration des processus de dépatrimonialisation spatiale depuis le milieu du XXe siècle. Il démontre les évolutions dans la perception et le traitement de ce patrimoine, en analysant les moments de rejet, d’indifférence, d’oubli, et d’instrumentalisation par la société malgache. La méthodologie est fondée sur une chronologie détaillée appuyée par des sources écrites, visuelles et orales, suivie d’une observation sur le terrain. Cette dernière met en évidence le devenir des espaces et les changements significatifs dans leur perception publique. Pour cette étude, nous avons choisi quatre espaces d’Antananarivo. Tous datent de la colonisation ; ils ont connu des destins divergents. Ainsi, l’Indépendance a conduit à l’oubli, quelquefois à la destruction ou la réappropriation. En conclusion, cet article vise à contribuer à la compréhension des complexités entourant le patrimoine colonial urbain à Madagascar où les transformations physiques reflètent des ajustements esthétiques et des adaptations symboliques au fil du temps.
Faidherbe, héros ou « Néron colonial », l’histoire d’un processus de dépatrimonialisation
Authors: Sine Aly
Published: January 2025

Louis Léon César Faidherbe (1818-1889), officier du génie affecté au Sénégal en 1851, est nommé, sous le Second Empire (1852-1870), gouverneur de la colonie du Sénégal (1854-1861 et 1863-1865). De par son action, le général Faidherbe a contribué à la pacification, l’édification et au développement de la colonie du Sénégal. Natif de Lille, il y retourne en 1865 pour raison de santé et s’illustre sur le plan militaire et politique. À ce titre, il est considéré comme le fondateur de la colonie du Sénégal et le héros du nord. Il s’est ainsi forgé le mythe d’un héros franco-sénégalais et lillois. Toutefois, cette image d’Épinal s’est progressivement dégradée, car remise en cause par des mouvements contestataires le qualifiant de « colonialiste forcené », de « criminel de haut rang », de « tyran colonial », en déterrant ses « actes criminels » commis au cours de ses expéditions militaires. La contestation, semble, toutefois, trouver une oreille attentive auprès des autorités municipales de Lille et de Saint-Louis qui ont engagé des initiatives tendant vers la « dé-faidherbisation ».
Rendre hommage et se souvenir. Les monuments commémoratifs rapatriés des anciennes colonies : d’Afrique française du Nord aux Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Authors: Gonzalez Clara
Published: January 2025

Au lendemain de la Grande Guerre, la France a érigé des monuments aux morts dans la quasi-totalité de ses communes ainsi que dans ses anciennes colonies. Après les guerres de décolonisation, dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, le destin de ces monuments changent. Ils sont rapatriés, remaniés, détruits, selon les circonstances de la sortie de colonisation : la guerre peut attiser le rejet quand une sortie négociée peut apaiser les relations entre les pays. À l’indépendance de l’Algérie en 1962, des monuments sont rapatriés en masse en France, par crainte de vandalisme ou par attachement aux symboles représentés. Pour les étudier, nous nous intéresserons au département des Pyrénées-Atlantiques, dans lequel trois monuments racontent trois contextes du rapatriement, tous liés à la guerre d’Algérie et aux combats de Tunisie et du Maroc. La statue Poeymirau à Pau (Maroc), le Poilu d’Etsaut (Algérie) et le monument aux Victimes du Lutin et du Farfadet à Mourenx (Tunisie) illustreront ces propos. Depuis la fin du XXe siècle, des processus de patrimonialisation permettent à des œuvres d’être sauvées et conservées lorsque d’autres sont détruites et oubliées. Ainsi, nous pouvons nous demander quel est le devenir de ces monuments commémoratifs, témoins d’un passé plus ou moins accepté qu’est celui de la colonisation. Cette mémoire est-elle vouée à perdurer dans le patrimoine colonial urbain, à être reconstruite pour apaiser ou justement à disparaître, puisqu’encore trop sensible ?
Faire patrimoine à La Guadeloupe et à La Réunion : édifices publics et habitats urbains du XXe siècle
Authors: Paviol Sophie , Prévot Claire
Published: January 2025

En 1946, après plus de trois siècles de colonisation, les îles de la Guadeloupe et de La Réunion deviennent des départements français. Si elles présentent des similitudes (latitudes tropicales, volcanisme, peuplements issus de la traite négrière et de l’engagisme), les cultures de l’habiter et la relation à la France de leurs habitants n’en sont pas moins différentes. L’étude des dossiers de demande de classement, des inventaires régionaux et autres études patrimoniales conservés dans les archives administratives des Directions des Affaires Culturelles de la Guadeloupe et de La Réunion permet de faire une analyse comparative des processus de reconnaissance patrimoniale des édifices publics et des habitats urbains du XXe siècle dans ces deux îles. Il s’agit de s’intéresser aux représentations et arguments avancés par les services de l’État. Quelles sont les architectures observées ? Comment sont-elles comprises et appréciées ? Quels critères et arguments sont retenus pour les îles de la mer des Caraïbes et pour celle de l’océan Indien ? Les différentes missions et enquêtes patrimoniales sur l’architecture lancées depuis 1949 peinent, en effet, à reconnaître les spécificités de ces cultures créolisées et ont longtemps été les vecteurs de la culture administrative et patrimoniale nationale. Une approche plus inclusive appuyée sur la notion de créolisation permettrait de refonder le regard patrimonial.
Annie Ernaux et les historiennes et historiens
Authors: Mathou François
Published: January 2025

le présent article est un compte rendu de la rencontre « Annie Ernaux et les historiennes et historiens » qui s’est déroulée le 5 octobre 2024 à Yvetot.
Un arrière-plan essentiel, la question de la sécurité dans la série Maria Vandamme
Authors: Veyrat-Masson Isabelle
Published: January 2025

La série Maria Vandamme, diffusée en 1989 avec un succès d’audience exceptionnel et récompensée à plusieurs reprises, est une adaptation en quatre volets d’un livre de Jacques Duquesne, dont l’action se déroule sous le Second Empire et se termine en même temps que la Commune de Paris. Maria, personnage central, mue par une volonté d’indépendance et un refus de sa condition sociale extraordinaires, n’a de cesse d’échapper à la violence des hommes et des représentants de l’État. Elle trouve avec l’amour et quelques soutiens un moyen de fuir le malheur, faisant face à des forces de l’ordre qui non seulement ne font rien pour la protéger, mais la pourchassent, elle et ses proches, la menacent et la violentent. Ces représentants de l’ordre – même injuste – font systématiquement avancer le récit, mais ne le font jamais basculer. Le destin des uns et des autres s’accomplit, malgré la répression et malgré l’histoire en marche.
Génocide, révisionnisme, négationnisme : la réception contrastée de la série Black Earth Rising
Authors: Allouche Sylvie
Published: January 2025

Black Earth Rising (Rwanda, la couleur du sang en français) est une mini-série de Hugo Blick de 2018 coproduite par la BBC et Netflix, dont le personnage principal, Kate Ashby, est initialement présenté comme une survivante du génocide tutsi dont le Rwanda a été le théâtre en 1994. Adoptée suite au génocide par une avocate britannique, elle est elle-même devenue juriste, la série mettant en scène une étape de sa vie où elle se trouve confrontée à la complexité de ce qui s’est joué pendant cette période sur les plans politique et humain. Or, la série a suscité des réactions très contrastées, comme on peut le voir à travers divers articles publiés dans des journaux reconnus, tels Le Monde ou Libération, dans des revues en ligne ou dans des blogs. Tandis que certains louent la série pour sa capacité à intéresser le grand public à un sujet difficile, d’autres lui reprochent de contribuer à diffuser une version révisionniste, et même négationniste, de cet épisode historique.
La persistance du western : Yellowstone, la Nouvelle télévision et l’histoire américaine
Authors: Shuster Martin
Published: January 2025

Cet essai explore les façons dont le western a trouvé une nouvelle vie dans la « Nouvelle télévision », en particulier dans le néo western Yellowstone. L’article s’intéresse à l’importance du western à la fois pour le médium qu’est la Nouvelle télévision et pour la construction de l’identité et de l’histoire américaines. Je soutiens que si le western a joué un rôle central dans la construction de l’identité américaine depuis ses premiers jours, les développements récents de l’identité américaine suggèrent de nouveaux développements qualitatifs pour le western version Nouvelle télévision.
“A Miracle” on Screen
Authors: Meriç Emre , Çakici Zindan
Published: January 2025

This study scrutinizes the portrayal of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the Turkish series “A Miracle” and its reception. Through meticulous content analysis grounded in DSM-5 criteria, 1081 symptoms were identified, predominantly reflecting social communication deficits (69%) and restricted, repetitive behaviors (30.2%). Notably, the character Ali Vefa is depicted with exceptional intelligence and savant capabilities. In-depth interviews with 15 participants revealed nuanced perspectives: while the portrayal enhances ASD awareness, it also perpetuates stereotypes, primarily associating autism with exceptional talents. This underscores the necessity for rigorous examination of media representations' impact on societal comprehension of neurodevelopmental disorders.
First, Second, and Third Cinemas in the Context of Cinema-Audience Relations
Authors: Koluaçık İhsan
Published: January 2025

In addition to narratives, the first, second and third cinemas also have their own audience. This study examines the positions of the audience during movie-watching practices within the context of the narrative of the first, second and third cinema. The first cinema has the effect of completely pacifying the audience, evoking a cathartic response and creating the impression that the film is an unmediated representation of reality. Second cinema prompts the audience to recognise that they are watching a film and encourages them to engage in critical thinking after the film has concluded. The third cinema prompts the audience to recognise that what they are watching is a film, while simultaneously encouraging them to reflect on the nature of the filmic experience. Nevertheless, the audience's responsibilities do not conclude at this point. The audience subsequently reaches a state of consciousness after viewing the material, and proceeds to take action in addition to questioning the content and aiming to effect change in their own circumstances.
Comparing Employee Ownership Models in Iran and Western Economies
Authors: Nozari Amirhossein
Published: January 2025

From agency theory perspective, employee ownership is a decisive factor in reducing agency problem and it can improve firms' performance. In recent years many countries especially western countries implement certain employees' ownership plans, for example, Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) in the U.S. Iran also introduced Preferred shares plan. According to this plan, the companies' shares are able to be sold in the form of Preferred shares to the employees. This chapter investigated the differences of employees' ownership plans in Iran and western countries including USA, France, Spain and the UK. The findings indicated that there are many differences between employees' ownership plans of Iran and western countries; such as the plans of the western countries which were reviewed are in both private and state-owned companies; however, the plan of Iran is only for state-owned companies.
Infection Dynamics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Wild-type and Delta Variant of Concern in a Pediatric Cohort in Southern India
Authors: Penugonda Asha Jyothi , Biswas Deepayan , Palani Murugan Thimiri , Priya Sangeetha , Subaschandrabose Rajesh Kumar , Valiaveetil Koshy Alan , Antonisamy Belavendra , Kompithra Rajeev Zachariah , Mathew Leni Grace , Moorthy Mahesh
Published: January 2025

Background:

Dynamics, severity, and immune response of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection vary between children and adults. There are only a few reports on the differential impact of variants in children, and none reported from low-and-middle-income countries.

Materials and Methods:

Between November 2020 and August 2021, we enrolled children under 16 years testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We compared virus characteristics (viral load, virus variant - Wild-type or Delta), disease severity (asymptomatic, mild-to-moderate, and severe), and immunity levels to the virus (anti-N and anti-S) after 4–6 weeks.

Results:

Of 79 children recruited, 29%, 59%, and 11% had asymptomatic, mild-to moderate, or severe presentations, respectively. Wild-type and delta variants presented with similar disease severity. For both variants, anti-S antibody levels were higher than anti-N antibody levels (P < 0.0001). Anti-S was also higher than anti-N among asymptomatic (P = 0.02) and mild-to-moderate disease (P < 0.0001). Children with higher virus loads had higher levels of both anti-S and anti-N antibodies (quartile [QS]1 versus QS3, P < 0.05). Among low (QS3) virus loads, wild-type anti-S levels were higher than delta infected (P = 0.003). In mild-to-moderate disease, the mean Ct value of wild type (32.5) was higher than that of delta infection (25.0) (P = 0.0083).

Conclusions:

In children, the antibody response is driven by viral load. In mild-to-moderate disease, higher loads of Delta variant of concern resulted in robust antibody response that was absent in severe disease. These results could inform potential responses to future SARS-CoV-2 variants and may guide decisions on targeted vaccination in children.
A Systematic Review of Self-directed Learning in Medical Education in Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Gupta Dharmendra Kumar , Chaudhuri Arunima , Gaine Dip
Published: January 2025

Self-directed learning (SDL), which emphasizes the need for students to take ownership of their learning, has become a crucial part of medical education. With the increasing complexity of health care, SDL is seen as a crucial skill for fostering lifelong learning and adapting to new challenges. This systematic review examines the current landscape of SDL in undergraduate medical education, exploring its effectiveness, implementation strategies, and areas for future development. A methodical exploration was carried out within the PubMed database to locate pertinent research articles released between 2012 and 2024. Studies that reported results pertaining to academic achievement, clinical competence, or student perspectives and that concentrated on SDL in undergraduate medical education were included. Two reviewers independently extracted the data, evaluated its quality, and synthesized the results thematically. In all, twenty-three papers were covered in this study. The findings indicate SDL positively impacts students’ academic performance and clinical skills, with many students reporting increased engagement and motivation. Effective implementation strategies included integrating SDL into the curriculum, providing faculty support, and utilizing digital tools to enhance learning. However, the review also identified significant heterogeneity in the definition and assessment of SDL across studies, as well as challenges related to student self-regulation and faculty preparedness. SDL is a useful method in medical education for undergraduates since it helps students become self-reflective, independent practitioners. To fully comprehend its long-term effects, however, longitudinal research, faculty development initiatives, and standardized SDL frameworks are required.
Comprehensive review of Sariva (Indian sarsaparilla) and its botanical sources
Authors: Manjula  , Chaudhary Krutika
Published: January 2025

Sariva [Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult.], a widely used medicinal plant in India, although well-established as H. indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult., Apocynaceae; different botanical sources are used. This study reviews botanical sources available in the drug market, their classical references, and contemporary documentation. This study is an exclusive documentation of scattered information of Sariva and its various botanical resources. Significant keywords used were Sariva, Krishnasariva, Utpalasariva, Shyama, Ananta, Asphota, Gopavalli, Krishnavalli, Bhadra, Chandana, Kalindi, H. indicus, Ichnocarpus frutescens, Cryptolepis buchanani, and Decalepis hamiltonii. Different textual references suggest Sariva to be H. indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult., Cryptolepis buchanani Roem. & Schult., I. frutescens (L.) W. T. Aiton, Decalepis hamiltonii Wight & Arn., and Asphota (Phyllanthus distichus (L.) Müll. Arg. or Clitoria ternatea (L.)). Substitutes discussed are Decalepis hamiltonii Wight & Arn., Maerua arenaria Hook. f. & Thomson, Smilax china L., Periploca aphylla Decne., stem pieces of Cryptolepis buchanani, Ichnocarpus, Goravaganja, Karanta (Barleria prionites L.), and Vallaris species, whereas adulterants include Begonia carpreolata L., Bignoniaceae, and Polygonum amplexicaulis D. Don. Results indicate that Sariva is more similar to H. indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult., Asphotaa as H. indicus, or Vallaris heynei Spreng. Shweta and Krishnasariva are mentioned as H. indicus and Cryptolepis buchanani, respectively. The potential to identify all the possible sources will definitely assist in detecting adulteration. Furthermore, as many plants are becoming endangered, different botanical sources may be further tested through experimental and clinical studies to identify species exhibiting properties and actions more closer to those of the original Sariva.
Pharmacognostical and physicochemical evaluation of Prajasthapana granules: A novel polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation
Authors: Unnikrishnan Divya , Choudhary Poonam , Sukumaran Sakhitha Kolathuparambil
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Garbhiniparicharya, as per Ayurveda, includes masnumasikaahara (food regimes) oushadhaprayoga such as garbhasthapakadravyas (medicines for the maintenance of pregnancy). Prajasthapana granules (PSG) is a novel drug administration method derived out of prajasthapana gana mahakashya dravya explained in Charaka samhita. Most of the drugs in the combination possess tikta rasa (bitter), laghu guna (lightness), and sita veerya (cold potency) that act over rasavaha srotas (channels carrying nutrient fluids) and enhance garbha poshana (fetal nourishment).

METHODS:

Preparation of medicine—the PSG was prepared after crude drug sample identification, authentication, and microscopic evaluation carried out at the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research–National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, Raw Materials Herbarium and Museum, Delhi. Pharmacognostical, organoleptic, microscopy, physicochemical parameters, high-performance thin layer chromatography, and qualitative analysis for carbohydrates, alkaloids, saponins, phenolic compounds, protein, amino acids, and tannins were carried out in water- and alcohol-soluble extracts. Analysis for heavy metals, microbial contamination, and pesticide residues was carried out.

RESULTS:

The loss on drying at 105°C was 7.02% w/w, the pH (10% aqueous extract) was 3.28, the water-soluble extract was 75.02% w/w, the alcohol-soluble extract 88.19% w/w, petroleum ether soluble extract 0.13% w/w, ash value 2.12% w/w, and acid insoluble ash 0.55%. HPTLC was carried out after organizing the sample prepared in methanol and the solvent system: toluene:ethyl acetate:formic acid (5:4:1) v/v/v in which a maximum of seven spots were distinguished.

CONCLUSION:

Analytical studies of PSG carried out are preliminary and are suggestive of the quality standards of the formulation. The study’s results may be considered a reference in future research for generating standard operative procedures.
Assessment of Orofacial Dysfunctions Using the ‘Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening’ Method Among Children with Cerebral Palsy and its Correlation with Dental Caries – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nayak Mihir , Srinath Sarakanuru. K. , Nagaraj Tejavathi , Azher Umme , Goveas Shinie R. , Idiculla Shereen
Published: January 2025

Background:

Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S) is an all-inclusive method of screening for oro-facial dysfunctions (OFDs).

Objectives:

To evaluate the OFD of children affected with cerebral palsy (CP) employing NOT-S and to detect the correlation of OFD with dental caries.

Methods:

Seventy-six children aged 4 to 14 years affected with CP had been included in the cross-sectional study. A single trained examiner who was experienced in using the NOT-S method performed screening and interpreted the results. Dental caries was determined based on the criteria advocated by the World Health Organization, 1997.

Results:

The most consistently detected OFD during interview were observed in the categories of habits, chewing/swallowing and drooling. Oral motor dysfunctions and speech issues were predominantly seen when examined. A very weak positive correlation was noticed amid NOT-S scores and caries in primary dentition, whereas almost no correlation with caries in permanent dentition was noticed.

Conclusion:

The NOT-S protocol was a successfully valuable tool for holistic assessment of OFD in children affected with CP.
Oral Health-Related Quality of Life and Dental Caries Experience Among Indian Adolescents
Authors: Singh Shilpi , Jain Meena
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Dental decay is a prevalent oral disease that impacts the quality of life (QoL) of children and adults. However, there is a dearth of information regarding the connection between dental caries and the QoL of adolescents. The study aimed to assess caries prevalence and its association with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among adolescents in Modinagar, India.

Methods:

The present study, conducted on 1600 adolescents, utilized a self-designed questionnaire to collect demographic data, while the prevalidated Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ11-14) assessed OHRQoL. Caries was assessed using the Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 27.0. IBM Corp).

Results:

Dental caries was found to be 38.5% among adolescents. The overall CPQ score was 9.15 ± 0.32. A positive correlation was observed between CPQ and DMFT (rho =0.191, P = 0.002) and also between CPQ and oral symptoms (OS) (rho =0.109, P = 0.0001).

Conclusion:

Higher CPQ scores indicated a poor OHRQoL. Dental caries exhibited a significant correlation with their OHRQoL. The implementation of an inventive oral healthcare initiative through public-private collaboration could potentially enhance their OHRQoL.
Radiographic Investigation of the Antegonial Angle, Antegonial Depth, Gonial Angle, and the Ramus Height to Estimate the Gender and Growth Patterns in Orthodontic Patients
Authors: Khan Mahamad Irfanulla , Gopal Tarika , Laxmikanth S M , Varughese Mathurampoyikayil Anju
Published: January 2025

Background:

The antegonial angle (AGA), antegonial depth (AGD), gonial angle (GA), and ramus height (RH) of the mandible progress with age, gender, and dental condition.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to investigate the AGA, AGD, GA, and RH to assess the gender and growth patterns in orthodontic patients.

Materials and Methods:

Pre-treatment orthopantomograms and lateral cephalograms of 500 orthodontic patients with an age range of 13–30 years (mean ± SD: 19.63 ± 4.19) were selected. Based on the sagittal and vertical cephalometric measurements, they were divided into six groups. The AGA, AGD, GA, and RH were measured. The data were analyzed using the student’s t-test and one-way ANOVA statistical tests.

Results:

The RH was short with an increased AGA, AGD, and GA in vertical growth patterns. In the class II group, the AGA, AGD, GA, and RH were found statistically significant. The females showed a higher AGA and GA, whereas the males had an increased RH and AGD.

Conclusion:

Class II skeletal pattern exhibited an increased AGA and AGD, while those with a class III skeletal pattern displayed an increased GA and RH. Gender differences showed that females exhibited a higher AGA and GA, whereas males had an increased RH and AGD.
Efficacy of Diode Laser in Excisional Biopsy of Soft Tissue Lesions in Oral Cavity and Assessment of Their Wound Healing – A Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Priyadharshini. S , Gopal. K Saraswathi , Kumar. P Mahesh , Lankupalli Arathy S.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Laser light is used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Diode lasers are compact, portable, and relatively affordable. Biopsies of oral soft tissue lesions can be done using scalpel, electrocautery, and laser.

Aim:

To assess and evaluate the wound healing and pain following diode laser excision of oral soft tissue lesions along with histopathological analysis.

Methodology:

This is a prospective clinical observational study involving 50 patients above 18 years with oral soft tissue lesions indicated for excisional biopsy. Excision was performed using 980 nm diode laser set at 3W power with the pulsed mode using a 300 μm fiber optic tip under local anesthesia. Wound healing and subjective pain were evaluated on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days and 1 month postoperatively. Histopathological findings of excised specimens were also recorded.

Results:

Statistical analysis showed postoperative wound healing in different time intervals was highly significant (P > 0.001) with complete epithelization (100%) observed in all the lesions. There was very minimal pain, and the VAS score was also highly statistically significant (P < 0.001) on the follow-up days. Histopathologically, 4% charring and 12% artifacts were only evident.

Conclusion:

From the observation made from our study, we conclude that 980 nm diode laser can be safely and efficaciously used in oral biopsies without postoperative complications.
Recurrent Tracheal Schwannomas: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Mallesh Rakhesh , Zameer M. M. , Chandrashekar Vinay , Rao Sanjay
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Tracheal schwannomas are rare benign tumors in pediatric age group. We report a case of recurrent distal tracheal tumor in a 12 year old boy successfully managed with resection under cardiopulmonary bypass and review the relevant literature.
Factors Associated with Dengue Outbreaks in Pulau Pinang from the eDengue Database 2023: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yusoff Mohamad Zuhair Mohamed , Ruzlin Aimi Nadira Mat , Mohamad Mariam , Zainuddin Mohamad Azfar
Published: January 2025

Background & objectives:

Dengue is now endemic in over 100 countries, with Asia bearing over 70% of the global burden. In Malaysia, dengue cases have increased dramatically, particularly in Pulau Pinang, where cases rose from 1,621 in 2022 to 7,343 in 2023. To examine factors associated with dengue outbreaks in Pulau Pinang in 2023 by comparing outbreak cases with single cases.

Methods:

Cross-sectional study using eDengue database, the Malaysian National Dengue Registry.

Results:

The study included 1,106 confirmed dengue cases, with 553 categorised as outbreak cases and 553 as single cases. Significant associations were found between dengue outbreaks and Priority Locality 1 (areas with Uncontrolled Outbreaks/ Hotspots/ Recurrent Outbreaks/ Dengue Deaths in the previous year) (AOR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.06,0.37, p<0.001), Aedes Index ≥1% (AOR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.02,1.77, p=0.031), patients initially visiting government clinics (AOR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.10,2.43, p=0.015), hospitalized dengue patients (AOR: 0.70. 95%CI: 0.52,0.96, p=0.029), the time taken from notification to source reduction (AOR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.50,0.66, p<0.001) and time taken from notification to investigation (AOR: 2.40 95%CI: 1.77,3.24, p<0.001).

Interpretation & conclusion:

This study identifies key factors associated with dengue outbreaks in Pulau Pinang such as Aedes Index, Priority Locality 1 areas and initial visits to government clinics. These findings underscore the need for targeted vector control and early intervention in high-risk areas to reduce outbreak risk. Early healthcare seeking behavior and timely intervention are critical in managing the spread of dengue. Further research is needed to explore additional factors and improve public health strategies.
The Significant Effect of Intravenous Methylprednisolone on Visual Recovery in a Case of Acute Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Case Report
Authors: Saha Indranil , Bindal Raveesh
Published: January 2025

A 62-year-old man presented with a 1-day history of sudden vision loss in the right eye, while the left eye remained unaffected. Upon examination, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was finger counting in the right eye and 20/20 (0.00 Logarithmic Minimum Angle of Resolution (log MAR)) in the left. Anterior segment examination revealed a relative afferent pupillary defect, and fundoscopic evaluation showed a cherry red spot. Optical coherence tomography showed thickening and hyper-reflectivity of the inner retinal layers. A diagnosis of acute central retinal artery occlusion was made. Following gonio-massage, anterior chamber paracentesis, and initiation of anticoagulation as advised by a cardiologist, intravenous methylprednisolone (1 g daily) was administered for 5 days. After that, the patient was placed on oral steroids starting at 1 g/kg body weight and tapered gradually over 7 weeks. At the 6-week follow-up, the right eye’s BCVA improved to 20/30 (0.17 log MAR).
Soft tissue chin thickness in different vertical skeletal patterns
Authors: Shehata Ayman M. , Gaballa Safaa M. , Gomaa Nahla E.
Published: January 2025

Objective

To evaluate and compare the soft tissue chin (STC) thickness at different chin levels with different vertical growth patterns among the adult patients in a sample from Egyptian population.

Patients and methods

One hundred eighty pretreated lateral cephalograms of Egyptian orthodontic patients of both sexes with class Ι malocclusion (ANB 2°–4° according to Aboul-Azm and colleagues) and different vertical skeletal patterns. With age ranging from 16 to 22 years old. The enrolled cases were divided into three groups based on their vertical skeletal patterns using angular measurements of Steiner analysis (SN-GoGn). High angle SN-MP angle more than 37, low angle SN-MP angle less than 27, and average angle SN-MP angle 27–37. The STC thicknesses were measured at pogonion (Pog), gnathion (Gn), and menton (Me). Group differences were evaluated with two-way analysis of variance and Students t test. The Pearson product moment correlation gauged associations between parameters.

Results

The STC values were greater in men than women (P < 0.04) and were smaller in the high group (9.06 ± 1.28 mm) than in all other groups at Gn (mean values 20.672 m; P = 0.001) and at Me (high group 8.22 ± 1.94 mm; other groups 10.18 ± 3.56 mm, STC 9.11 ± 2.37 mm; P = 0.001).

Conclusion

The STC thickness had the highest measurements in the hypodivergent group at pogonion, gnathion, and menton and the lowest being in the hyperdivergent group. This differential thickness warrants focused research as it implies that it is possible. The STC thickness apparently adapts to severe hyperdivergence through increased stretching of the STC thickness with progressive increase in facial divergence. The possibility that more advancement genioplasty to achieve better chin projection may be needed in patients with severe hyperdivergence.
Effect of different universal adhesive application protocols on shear bond strength of bulk fill composite to resin modified glass ionomer
Authors: Sallom Mahmoud M. , Abdalla Ali I. , Salama Mirvat M. , El-Marhomy Al-Zahraa. M.
Published: January 2025

Aim

To evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of bulk fill composite to resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) after different universal adhesive application protocols.

Patients and methods

Thirty RMGIC (Ionoseal) discs are prepared using split Teflon mold with central holes 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height that were randomly divided according to different universal adhesive application protocols into three equal groups (10 each) as fallow: group I: Bulk fill composite was immediately placed without any treatment over RMGIC using another split Teflon mold with central holes 3 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height. Group II: Bulk fill composite was placed on RMGIC after treating of RMGIC discs with universal adhesive (Futurabond U). Group III: Bulk fill composite was placed on RMGIC after treating of RMGIC discs with 35% phosphoric acid and Futurabond U. Samples were thermocycled for 5000 cycles. SBS was measured using universal testing machine and the nature of the fracture was determined using stereomicroscope. Data was collected and analyzed statistically at a significance level of P less than 0.05.

Results

The highest mean SBS was recorded in group III followed by group II, while the lowest SBS was in group I. Samples in group I showed statistical significant differences versus both group II and III with P value 0.021 and less than 0.001, respectively, while there is no statistically significant difference when comparing SBS values of group II versus group III with P value 0.227. All the tested samples revealed only mixed failure mode.

Conclusions

Using universal adhesive system in sandwich technique provide a reliable bond between RMGIC and bulk fill composite than without any adhesive treatment. Using universal adhesive in total-etch mode improve the bond strength between the tested material but without significant effect compared to self-etch mode.
Efficacy of different root canal irrigation activation techniques on microbial reduction in vivo study
Authors: Hussien Heba Atef Shafiek Moselhy , Darrag Abeer M. , Ghoneim Walaa M. , Al-Madboly Lamiaa A.
Published: January 2025

Aim

To clinically evaluate the effectiveness of easy clean in reciprocation movement (ECR) as a root canal irrigation activation technique in comparison to conventional needle irrigation (CNI) in the reduction of bacterial count, through microbiological collection, and culture method.

Patients and methods

A total of 16 patients with single-rooted, single-canal teeth with primary endodontic infection were selected for this study. Initial microbial sample (S1) was taken from the root canal after access cavity preparation under complete aseptic condition with an absorbent paper point; subsequently, instrumentation was performed with ProTaper Universal rotary system then the second microbial sample (S2) was taken. Then cases were randomly divided into two groups according to the final irrigation activation method (n = 8); group 1: CNI; group 2: ECR. In the two tested groups, 2 ml of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite was applied with a side-vented needle and then in ECR group it was activated using Easy Clean (EC) for 20 s at 2 mm from working length (WL). This procedure was repeated three times. Finally, the third microbial sample (S3) was taken after irrigation activation. The three samples were cultured on blood agar, and incubated aerobically and anaerobically for 24 h at 37°C, the growing colonies were counted and recorded as colony-forming units (CFU).

Results

The two groups showed significant bacterial reduction after final irrigation (S3) than the first (S1) and second bacterial samples (S2). Regarding the percentage of bacterial reduction, significant differences were found between CNI versus ECR group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

It was concluded that using EC in reciprocation movement induces better antimicrobial effect than CNI in endodontic cases with primary root canal infections.
Artificial aging effect on color stability and bond strength of one-shaded versus multi-shaded composite resins
Authors: Elolimy Gehan A. , Shebl Eman A.
Published: January 2025

Aim

To investigate the effect of thermocycling on color stability and shear bond strength of one single-shaded versus (Omnichroma) multi-shaded composite resins (Filtek Z350 XT).

Materials and methods

A total of 40 discs from both tested resin materials (Omnichroma and Filtek Z350) were prepared using a Teflon mold (8 mm diameter and 1 mm thickness) for color stability testing. Specimens of each tested resin composite material (n = 20) were randomly divided into two equal groups I and II (n = 10), according to the cycles of thermocycling 500 and 1000, respectively. Sixty extracted human maxillary central incisors were used for shear bond strength testing. Their crowns were secured to self-cure acrylic resin blocks with the labial surfaces facing upwards. The labial enamel surfaces were flattened with a wet 600 grit silicon carbide paper. After total etching and bonding procedures, tested composite resin materials were applied to the flat enamel surfaces by the aid of Teflon molds (4 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness) then light cured. The specimens of each tested material (n = 30) were randomly divided into three equal groups (10 specimens each) according to thermocycling mode as follows; control group (without thermocycling), group I (thermocycling for 500 cycles) and group II (thermocycling for 1000 cycles). After aging, all the specimens were subjected to measurement of color stability (ΔE) using spectrophotometer and shear bond strength test using Instron testing machine. The data will be collected, tabulated, and statistically analyzed.

Results

ΔE values for Omnichroma did not differ significantly when aged for 500 (group I) or 1000 cycle (group II) recording (P = 0.052). While ΔE values for Filtek Z350 after 1000 cycle differed significantly (P = 0.01). Shear bond strength values for omnichroma did not differ significantly from Filtek Z350 at baseline (P = 0.304). While, when aged for 500 or 1000 cycle, shear bond strength values differed significantly between groups I and II (P = 0.000 and 0.011, respectively).

Conclusions

Artificial aging by thermocycling (500 and 1000 cycles) decreased the color stability and shear bond strength of both tested composites. Single-shaded composite resin (Omnichroma) exhibited better performance regarding the maintenance of the baseline condition, being the material with less color change and more color stability.
An enhanced spectrophotometric method for determination of hydrogen peroxide during vacuum ultraviolet photolysis of water
Authors: Yu Haitao , Tan Longyuan , Xue Fuhai , Yang Laxiang
Published: January 2025

This study re-evaluated the DPD/POD (N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine/peroxidase from horseradish) spectrophotometric method for accurately detecting low-concentration hydrogen peroxide in water. It established that the absorption coefficient of the adduct product, DPD•+, at a wavelength of 320 nm was approximately two times higher than at 551 nm, indicating lower detection limits at 320 nm for H2O2 measurement. An optimal POD/DPD ratio of 1 was identified for effective H2O2 concentration determination. The effect of selected anions (chloride, sulfate, nitrate, and carbonate) on H2O2 determination was found to be negligible at concentrations below 1 g L–1; however, at higher concentrations, these anions exhibited varying impacts on H2O2 measurement. The enhanced DPD/POD method is demonstrated as an effective tool for investigating the mechanism of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) processes by accurately detecting low-concentration H2O2 formed in situ during the photolysis of water. The findings provide insights into the optimal conditions for H2O2 determination by this spectrophotometric method and highlight the minimal influence of inorganic anions under specific conditions. This study not only enhances the understanding of H2O2 measurement in VUV-induced reactions but also underscores the potential applications of the DPD/POD method in exploring the dynamics of VUV processes.
KEY WORDS: Spectrophotometric method, Hydrogen peroxide, Peroxidase from horseradish, Vacuum ultraviolet.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(3), 397-408.                                                      
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i3.1
Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of plant-mediated green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Cissus quadrangularis aqueous extract
Authors: Duraisamy Ramesh , Arizo Abune , Yilma Belete
Published: January 2025

Plant-based green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are valuable because of their advantages over traditional methods. This study examines the environment-friendly synthesized AgNPs using Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) stem aqueous extract. The optimum parameters for AgNP synthesis were a volume of plant extract (15 mL), aq. AgNO3 concentration (0.10 mM), AgNO3 volume (20 mL), reaction time (10 min), pH (11), and temperature (45 oC). The synthesized AgNPs at optimum conditions were characterized through UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, and SEM. In colloidal solutions, the occurrence of CQ-AgNP was studied through the color change measured by the UV-visible spectrum, which confirms the developed AgNPs with a typical resonance spectrum (at 430 nm). The percentage yield of synthesized AgNPs was also estimated as 94.32%. The FTIR spectra exhibit the availability of CQ phytochemicals responsible for the reduction, capping, and stabilization of Ag+ of CQ-AgNP. The XRD pattern and SEM results show that the generation of highly crystalline spherical shapes of AgNPs has a mean diameter of 8.68 nm. Also, CQ-AgNPs had significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. The CQ-AgNPs had better antioxidant activity compared to the ascorbic acid standard. Thus, this study recommends that the presently studied CQ-AgNPs may be used as a remedial agent for biomedical applications.
KEY WORDS: Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Cissus quadrangularis, Green synthesis, Silver nanoparticles.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(3), 483-502.                                                             
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i3.8