bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local quadratic convergence of the SQP method for an optimal control problem governed by a regularized fracture propagation model
Authors: Hehl Andreas , Neitzel Ira
Published: July 2024

We prove local quadratic convergence of the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method for an optimal control problem of tracking type governed by one time step of the Euler-Lagrange equation of a time discrete regularized fracture or damage energy minimization problem. This lower-level energy minimization problem contains a penalization term for violation of the irreversibility condition in the fracture growth process and a viscous regularization term. Conditions on the latter, corresponding to a time step restriction, guarantee strict convexity and thus unique solvability of the Euler Lagrange equations. Nonetheless, these are quasilinear and the control problem is nonconvex. For the convergence proof with L∞ localization of the SQP-method, we follow the approach from Tröltzsch [SIAM J. Control Optim. 38 (1999) 294–312], utilizing strong regularity of generalized equations and arguments from Hoppe and Neitzel [Optim. Eng. 22 (2021)] for L2-localization.
Design and control of warehouse indoor air quality via numerical modeling
Authors: Terziev Angel , Ivanov Martin
Published: July 2024

Warehouses are part of the crucial infrastructure of the logistics process of any business. The type of products stored in the warehouse also determines the type of warehouse class. The object of research in the present work is a class A warehouse with a clear height of 10 up to 13 m, equipped with systems for maintaining the indoor air quality within a very specified temperature limit. An air conditioning system is proposed, consisting of roof air conditioners (Rooftop vent), that allow maintaining the microclimate in the specified limits yearly. To achieve the specific requirements, numerical modeling of air distribution in the warehouse was performed, which shows that the use of simplified, systematized methods for the technical design of air conditioners is an unreliable approach. Moreover, the analysis shows that in high warehouses, the stagnant areas that arise cannot be overcome only by rearranging the roofing machines, but also requires the use of additional impulse mixing devices.
Effect of unloader valve spring tension on hydraulic performance of CRI1 electromagnetic injector
Authors: Iliev Simeon , Manev Valentin , Sapundzhiev Milen , Belchev Sergey
Published: July 2024

The report reflects the results of an experimental study of the influence of the tension of the unloading valve spring on the hydraulic characteristics of electromagnetic nozzles. The research was done on a CMX6000X universal diesel fuel system test bench. An electromagnetic nozzle of the first-generation Common Rail - BOSCH CRI1 was chosen as the object of the study. It was found that with an increase in the tension of the spring of the unloading valve in all test modes, a decrease in the amount of fuel per cycle was observed. The rate of change of the amount of fuel per cycle for the individual test modes is different in the individual parts of the size range of the adjusting shim. The optimal thickness of the adjusting shim for the spring tension of the unloading valve for the tested nozzle is from 1.60 mm to 1.70 mm.
Preventing scale formation on heat transfer surfaces
Authors: Idrissova Karlygash , Beloev Hristo , Tumanova Aitbala , Koldassova Gulzira , Iliev Iliya
Published: July 2024

The article considers the problem of scaling in power equipment on the example of Thermal Power Plants in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The most optimal solution is proposed – replacement of the traditional preparation of the feed water in the heat network by an ion exchange method for a more effective method using complex-forming reagents. The influence of inhibitor of mineral salts concentration (IMSC), trisodium phosphate, and Zinc Complex 1-hydroxyethylendiphosphonic acid (Zn-OEDF), as well as the heat carrier temperature on scaling intensity, has been studied to prevent the equipment from scale formation and corrosion. The technological parameters of feed water in the presence and absence of complex formers have been determined. The corrosion resistance of steel No. 3 samples in the presence of said reagents has been studied. The most optimal complexone has been chosen to prepare feed water for the TPP heating network.
Integration between green power generation, energy storage and smart grids in the context of e-mobility
Authors: Nikolov Nikolay , Zinoviev Vladimir , Koeva Dimitrina
Published: July 2024

In the manuscript is considered the integration between green energy production, charging infrastructure availability and development and the consumer behavior for e-mobility charging. The optimization of time for charging of electric vehicles is important for the balance of demand and energy availability, with regard the on-peak periods of solar power generation or with the balance of energy storage capacities. This can assure the energy system stability and reduction of external and nonecological energy sources.
Assessment of energy conversion for the needs of hydrogen production and storage in terms of environmental impact
Authors: Markowski Jaroslaw , Imilkowski Pawel , Dudek Magdalena , Iliev Ilia , Jesionek Krzysztof , Badur Janusz , Wieczorkiewicz Grzegorz , Dlugiewicz Piotr
Published: July 2024

Generating clean energy is necessary due to the increasing demand resulting from the development of human civilization and the global economy. The generation of clean energy is justified by the need to reduce the negative impact on the natural environment. Every action aimed at converting one form of energy into another carries consequences related to the efficiency of the transformation process and the physicochemical properties characterizing the systems of its utilization. Special attention should be paid to hydrogen, which is a fuel with high activity in terms of penetration through the structures of conventional construction materials, and there is a high probability of significant emissions of this fuel from its storage and transportation processes. This situation worsens the overall efficiency of the hydrogen utilization process but also necessitates the identification of the consequences of hydrogen emissions into the atmosphere. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of energy conversion for the purposes of hydrogen production and storage in terms of environmental impact is necessary. The conducted analyses are presented in this article.
FEA simulation of harmonics generation from 6-pulse rectifier and their impact over rectifier’s transformer
Authors: Uzunov Peter , Ivanov Krasimir , Iliev Nikolai
Published: July 2024

In the present work, the operation of a 6-pulse three-phase rectifier supplying a powerful DC consumer is simulated using the finite element method (FEM). The purpose of the simulations is to research the generation of harmonics from the rectifier circuit and to investigate their influence on the transformer supplying the three-phase bridge rectifier. For this purpose, two co-simulations were made. The first of them is realized with the help of the professional Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software - Ansys Electromagnetic Suite. The voltage-driven model of the rectifier transformer for FEA was built and was used in the Ansys Twin Builder software simulation. The resulting current harmonics from the FFT analysis of the current waves with their amplitudes and phases are input into the primary and secondary windings of the transformer current-driven model in the second electromagnetic-thermal co-simulation in Ansys Workbench to calculate the losses in the transformer. These losses are used in the thermal model to account for transformer heating from higher harmonics.
Drought Analysis in Right Bank Main Canal Command Area of Dharoi Reservoir using Meteorological and Remote Sensing Indices
Authors: Mishra Rajat , Patel Yogesh
Published: July 2024

Drought is characterized by a prolonged and abnormal lack of moisture, often stemming from insufficient or uneven distribution of precipitation, resulting in water shortages in streams or reservoirs, with detrimental impacts on both natural and socioeconomic systems. The paper focuses on the climatic drought patterns within the Right Bank Main Canal Command Area of Gujarat’s Dharoi Reservoir. To evaluate drought conditions, the study employs several indices including the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Daily rainfall data, obtained from IMD gridded data and extracted using ArcGIS software, is utilized to calculate SPI values at a three-month time scale. NDVI is determined using Landsat-8 OLI data spanning from 2013 to 2022 to analyze changes in agricultural vegetation. Comparisons among NDVI and SPI reveal that the year 2018 experienced significant rainfall deficits across the region, leading to severe water scarcity. This shortage impacted agricultural practices, evident in reduced crop cultivation areas as indicated by NDVI results and validated using the crop yield data for the time series. Specifically, the NDVI analysis highlights that 33.5% of the RBMC command area exhibited signs of dryness, with an additional 64.5% showing moderate dryness. The study endeavors to pinpoint drought-affected regions utilizing precipitation data, reservoir storage information, and remote sensing methodologies.
Unveiling the Role of social media in Shaping Responses to Natural Disasters
Authors: Panchal Jagdish
Published: July 2024

Natural disasters pose significant challenges to affected communities, governments, and relief organizations, necessitating innovative disaster response and recovery strategies. The rise of social media platforms in recent years has transformed disaster management, presenting both opportunities and complexities. This study delves into the multifaceted role of social media in shaping natural disaster responses. Researchers examine its utilization before, during, and after disasters for information dissemination, relief coordination, resource mobilization, and emotional support. Additionally, employing classification models like Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), and Decision Tree (DT), the study assesses their performance using accuracy, recall, precision, and F1 score metrics. The SVM model achieves 94% accuracy, with 92% precision and 94% recall, resulting in a 95% F1 score. LR demonstrates similar performance, scoring 95% across accuracy, precision, and recall, yielding a corresponding 95% F1 score. In contrast, the DT model outperforms both, achieving 97% accuracy, 96% precision, and recall, culminating in an impressive 97% F1 score. These results highlight nuances in model efficacy, with DT showcasing superior performance. Moreover, the DT model exhibits a faster computation time at 37.203 ms compared to SVM and LR. This research sheds light on the dynamic relationship between social media and disaster response, offering insights for stakeholders to harness its potential in bolstering preparedness, response, and resilience during natural disasters.
Analysis of Optimal Power Flow Using Combined PSO-GSA Technique
Authors: Patel Nilesh M. , Thangadurai N. , Patel Chirag
Published: July 2024

Using a hybrid approach that incorporates both particle swarm optimization (PSO) and gravitational search algorithms (GSA), this project aims to find the best way for power systems to distribute their energy. A novel heuristic search optimization technique, the GSA is works on the law of gravity. While this strategy has many advantages, it suffers from sluggish search performance and memory constraints. In order to discover a solution to this problem, the PSO technique was utilized. PSO and GSA, were utilized in this investigation to discover the optimal power flow utilizing a combination of these two methodologies. The suggested optimization method merges the social thinking and local search features of particle swarm optimization with those of the GSA, therefore taking benefit of both algorithms. This study examines and evaluates an optimization technique for the optimal power flow problem, focusing on reducing fuel costs, improving the voltage profile, and minimizing real power losses. The investigation and assessment are conducted on the commonly used IEEE 30-bus test systems. The simulation findings showcase the robust and effective resolution of the optimum power transfer problem through the amalgamation of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA).
Epilepsie et médicaments vétérinaires
chez le chien et le chat
Authors: Hugnet Christophe , Buchon-Hugnet Christine , Hugnet Manon
Published: July 2024

L’animal épileptique sous traitement chronique nécessite une vigilance importante lors de toute nouvelle prescription, puis administration de substances thérapeutiques
vétérinaires ou humaines.

L'abaissement du seuil épileptogène ainsi que la modification de la biodisponibilité du traitement anti-épileptique sont les principaux mécanismes identifiés pouvant expliquer l'apparition d'une crise convulsive chez un animal, habituellement contrôlé par un traitement spécifique anti-épileptique.
Le rapport bénéfice/risque de tout nouveau traitement, y compris préventif, doit alors être évalué.
Observation clinique - Valvuloplastie par ballonnet chez un Bouledogue français
Authors: Gouni Vassiliki , Ribas Thibault
Published: July 2024

Un Bouledogue français mâle de 7 mois est présenté pour un deuxième avis sur une sténose pulmonaire. Il présente une intolérance à l’effort et une fatigabilité.

Une sténose pulmonaire valvulaire et annulaire sévère avec un gradient de pression trans-sténotique de 249 mmHg est confirmée à l’échocardiographie. Cette sténose a comme conséquences une hypertrophie/dilatation du ventricule droit et est associée à une dysplasie tricuspidienne (reflux tricuspidien) et à une communication interatriale avec un shunt droit-gauche.

Une dilatation par ballonnet en cardiologie interventionnelle est réalisée.

En post-opératoire immédiat, le gradient de pression est baissé à 70 mmHg.

Un mois et demi après, la baisse du gradient persiste et les propriétaires notent une disparition des signes cliniques. Le reflux tricuspidien est diminué et le shunt devient bi-directionnel.
L’endoscopie digestive humaine au présent
Authors: Ciocïrlan Mihaï , Lepilliez Vincent , Ponchon Thierry , Chayvialle Jean-Alain
Published: July 2024

L’endoscopie digestive a progressé au gré des avancées technologiques et de l’expertise des cliniciens. Les aspects diagnostiques profitent des colorations de surface pour les lésions néoplasiques précoces, de la microscopie confocale et des vidéo-capsules pour l’analyse du versant muqueux, de l’échoendoscopie éventuellement complétée d’une cytoponction à l’aiguille fine pour les lésions sous-muqueuses ou juxta-digestives.

Les développements thérapeutiques sont également majeurs dans les domaines suivants : hémorragies digestives, traitement endoscopique des sténoses, résection des tumeurs à un stade précoce, drainage des collections pancréatiques.
L’abord trans-digestif intra-péritonéal des organes abdomino-pelviens est en cours d’évaluation.
Dosage de l’hormone anti-müllérienne
pour la détermination du statut gonadique
chez le chien et le chat
Authors: Soetart Nicolas , Jaillardon Laetitia
Published: July 2024

L’hormone anti-müllerienne (AMH) est produite par le tissu gonadique mâle (cellules de sertoli) et femelle (cellules de la granulosa). La mise en évidence d’AMH dans le sang est très fortement en faveur de la présence de tissu gonadique, tandis qu’une concentration sanguine très faible ou indétectable est attendue chez un animal stérilisé.
Toutefois, il existe des situations dans lesquelles la concentration sanguine en AMH est faible, même en présence de tissu gonadique. Il est donc possible de coupler le dosage d’AMH avec celui de la progestérone chez la femelle et de la testostérone chez le mâle afin d’optimiser les performances diagnostiques du test.
Differenzialdiagnose und Therapie der Immunthrombozytopenie
Authors: Giagounidis Aristoteles
Published: July 2024

Die Immunthrombozytopenie wird durch Autoantikörper gegen Plättchen-Oberflächenantigene ausgelöst. Da der Nachweis von glykoproteinspezifischen Antikörpern nur in etwa der Hälfte der Fälle gelingt, bleibt die ITP eine Ausschlussdiagnose. Neben der EDTA-induzierten Pseudothrombozytopenie müssen insbesondere die sekundäre medikamentöse Thrombozytopenie, eine breite Palette anderer Erkrankungen und hereditäre Thrombozytopenien bedacht werden. In der Therapie der ITP sind Kortikosteroide und Immunglobuline Mittel der Wahl in der Erstlinie. Die Zweitlinie umfasst Thrombopoetin-Rezeptor-Agonisten, Rituximab oder die Splenektomie. Danach kommen der Einsatz von Fostamatinib und nicht steroidaler Immunsuppressiva in Betracht.
Wir suchen dich! – Maier-Kolumne
Authors: Maier Ulrike
Published: July 2024

In Zeiten von Fachkräftemangel jemand Neues fürs Team zu finden, erfordert kreative Lösungen. Ulrike Maier weiß: Kein Jobrad, kein ÖPNV-Ticket, keine Life-Work-Balance können helfen, diesem leeren Markt zu begegnen.
Ultraschall- und CTG Kontrollen in der Schwangerschaft: Vorgaben in
den Mutterschafts-Richtlinien und Versorgungswirklichkeit
Authors: Schäfers Rainhild , Wende Danny , Hertle Dagmar
Published: July 2024

Hintergrund Die Mutterschafts-Richtlinien (MuRiLi) geben die Anzahl von
Ultraschall- und CTG Kontrollen in der Schwangerschaft eindeutig vor. Eine
ältere Studie zeigte ein hohes Maß an Überversorgung.

Methode Mütterbefragung zu den Leistungen in der Schwangerschaft mit
parallel durchgeführter Analyse abgerechneter CTG und
Ultraschalluntersuchungen.

Ergebnisse 223 Frauen mit unauffälliger Schwangerschaft berichteten im
Durchschnitt von 6,2 Ultraschalluntersuchungen. In den Routinedaten wurden
durchschnittlich 2,7 zusätzlich zu den in der Vorsorgepauschale enthaltenen 3
Ultraschalluntersuchungen identifiziert. 216 Befragte mit unauffälliger
Schwangerschaft berichteten im Durchschnitt von 4,8 CTG Kontrollen. In den
Routinedaten fanden sich 5,0.

Fazit Die Vorgaben der MuRiLi werden nicht eingehalten, obwohl bekannt
ist, dass Überversorgung bei unauffälliger Schwangerschaft schaden kann.
A shared-link type wireless power and data simultaneous transfer system based on a series–parallel resonant network
Authors: Liu Ruikang , Ma Hongshuai , Zhang Lei , Li Qian , Pang Junqi , Tan Qiulin
Published: July 2024

Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) is widely used. In practical engineering applications, the transmitter and receiver of a stable and reliable WPT system need to establish not only a power transmission channel but also a data transmission channel to realize closed-loop control and information interaction. In this paper, a novel simultaneous wireless power and data transfer system based on a series–parallel (SP) resonant network is proposed. The system integrates an SP higher-order resonant network with series carrier injection, which makes power transmission and data transmission share a magnetic coupling channel. The isolation between power and data is realized by exploiting the frequency characteristics of the compensation network, thus realizing efficient power transmission and data transmission. In this paper, accurate and detailed mathematical modeling of the system is conducted, and the gain characteristics of the power transmission channel and the data transmission channel are demonstrated. Meanwhile, the mutual interference between the two channels is analyzed, and a feasible and effective parameter design method is developed. Finally, an experimental prototype with an output power of 16 W and a backward data rate of 100 Kbps is constructed to verify the feasibility of the proposed system and the correctness of the parameter design.
Zeptonewton and attotesla per centimeter metrology with coupled oscillators
Authors: Bouche Ian , Javor Josh , Som Abhishek , Campbell David K. , Bishop David J.
Published: July 2024

We present the coupled oscillator: A new mechanism for signal amplification with widespread application in metrology. We introduce the mechanical theory of this framework and support it by way of simulations. We present a particular implementation of coupled oscillators: A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) that uses one large (∼100mm) N52 magnet coupled magnetically to a small (∼0.25mm), oscillating N52 magnet, providing a force resolution of 200zN measured over 1s in a noiseless environment. We show that the same system is able to resolve magnetic gradients of 130aT/cm at a single point (within 500μm). This technology, therefore, has the potential to revolutionize force and magnetic gradient sensing, including high-impact areas such cardiac and brain imaging.
Reduced-order modeling of unsteady fluid flow using neural network ensembles
Authors: Halder Rakesh , Ataei Mohammadmehdi , Salehipour Hesam , Fidkowski Krzysztof , Maki Kevin
Published: July 2024

The use of deep learning has become increasingly popular in reduced-order models (ROMs) to obtain low-dimensional representations of full-order models. Convolutional autoencoders (CAEs) are often used to this end as they are adept at handling data that are spatially distributed, including solutions to partial differential equations. When applied to unsteady physics problems, ROMs also require a model for time-series prediction of the low-dimensional latent variables. Long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, a type of recurrent neural network useful for modeling sequential data, are frequently employed in data-driven ROMs for autoregressive time-series prediction. When making predictions at unseen design points over long time horizons, error propagation is a frequently encountered issue, where errors made early on can compound over time and lead to large inaccuracies. In this work, we propose using bagging, a commonly used ensemble learning technique, to develop a fully data-driven ROM framework referred to as the CAE-eLSTM ROM that uses CAEs for spatial reconstruction of the full-order model and LSTM ensembles for time-series prediction. When applied to two unsteady fluid dynamics problems, our results show that the presented framework effectively reduces error propagation and leads to more accurate time-series prediction of latent variables at unseen points.
Early prediction of spinodal-like relaxation events in supercooled liquid water
Authors: Di Fonte Nico , Faccio Chiara , Zanetti-Polzi Laura , Daidone Isabella
Published: July 2024

Several computational studies on different water models reported evidence of a phase transition in supercooled conditions between two liquid states of water differing in density: the high-density liquid (HDL) and the low-density liquid (LDL). Yet, conclusive experimental evidence of the existence of a phase transition between the two liquid water phases could not be obtained due to fast crystallization in the region where the phase transition should occur. For the same reason, the investigation of possible transition mechanisms between the two phases is committed to computational investigations. In this work, we simulate an out-of-equilibrium temperature-induced transition from the LDL to the HDL-like state in the TIP4P/2005 water model. To structurally characterize the system relaxation, we use the node total communicability (NTC) we recently proposed as an effective order parameter to discriminate the two liquid phases differing in density. We find that the relaxation process is compatible with a spinodal-like scenario. We observe the formation of HDL-like domains in the LDL phase and we characterize their fluctuating behavior and subsequent coarsening and stabilization. Furthermore, we find that the formation of stable HDL-like domains is favored in the regions where the early formation of small patches of highly connected HDL-like molecules (i.e., with very high NTC values) is observed. Besides characterizing the LDL- to HDL-like relaxation from a structural point of view, these results also show that the NTC order parameter can serve as an early-time predictor of the regions from which the transition process initiates.
On the statistical theory of self-gravitating collisionless dark matter flow: High order kinematic and dynamic relations
Authors: Xu Zhijie
Published: July 2024

Dark matter, if it exists, accounts for five times as much as ordinary baryonic matter. To better understand the self-gravitating collisionless dark matter flow on different scales, a statistical theory involving kinematic and dynamic relations must be developed for different types of flow, e.g., incompressible, constant divergence, and irrotational flow. This is mathematically challenging because of the intrinsic complexity of dark matter flow and the lack of a self-closed description of flow velocity. This paper extends our previous work on second-order statistics Xu [Phys. Fluids 35, 077105 (2023)] to kinematic relations of any order for any type of flow. Dynamic relations were also developed to relate statistical measures of different orders. The results were validated by N-body simulations. On large scales, we found that (i) third-order velocity correlations can be related to density correlation or pairwise velocity; (ii) the pth-order velocity correlations follow ∝a(p+2)/2 for odd p and ∝ap/2 for even p, where a is the scale factor; (iii) the overdensity δ is proportional to density correlation on the same scale, ⟨δ⟩∝⟨δδ′⟩; (iv) velocity dispersion on a given scale r is proportional to the overdensity on the same scale. On small scales, (i) a self-closed velocity evolution is developed by decomposing the velocity into motion in haloes and motion of haloes; (ii) the evolution of vorticity and enstrophy are derived from the evolution of velocity; (iii) dynamic relations are derived to relate second- and third-order correlations; (iv) while the first moment of pairwise velocity follows ⟨ΔuL⟩=−Har (H is the Hubble parameter), the third moment follows ⟨(ΔuL)3⟩∝εuar that can be directly compared with simulations and observations, where εu≈10−7 m2/s3 is the constant rate for energy cascade; (v) the pth order velocity correlations follow ∝a(3p−5)/4 for odd p and ∝a3p/4 for even p. Finally, the combined kinematic and dynamic relations lead to exponential and one-fourth power-law velocity correlations on large and small scales, respectively.
Large-scale simulation of thermal conductivity in CaSiO3 perovskite with neuroevolution potential
Authors: Xu Feiyang , Wang Dong , Li Zhiguo , Song Hongxing , Liu Lei , Geng Huayun , Hu Jianbo , Chen Xiangrong
Published: July 2024

Lattice thermal conductivity (klat) of mantle minerals is a key factor in determining the Earth's energy budget and influences its dynamic processes. Here, we trained a neuroevolution machine learning potential for CaSiO3 perovskite (CaPv), the third most abundant mineral of the lower mantle, to investigate the klat of pyrolitic aggregates at the core–mantle boundary (CMB). We show that the klat of two types of pyrolitic aggregates has increased by 7% and 5% upon the addition of CaPv, demonstrating its significance in shaping the thermal structure of Earth's interior. Considering other mantle minerals and iron content, as well as the global distribution of temperature, we evaluated the heat flow across the CMB to be 7.98 ± 0.4 TW. The estimated heat flow is inconsistent with the value derived from the Fe alloy, which might suggest the presence of a thermally or chemically stratified layer atop the outer core.
Effects of fuel/air mixing distances on combustion instabilities in non-premixed combustion
Authors: Cheng Jiaying , Liu Bofan , Zhu Tong
Published: July 2024

Combustion instability has been widely reported in several combustion types; however, there is limited information on different fuel/air mixing distances in non-premixed combustion. Setting different distances between air tube and fuel tubes, the fuel/air mixing distances (δ) are changed by structural variations of nozzles. Keeping the heat load and equivalence ratios constant, the present work aims to examine the effects of fuel/air mixing distances on combustion instability in non-premixed combustion. Experimental observations suggest that combustion oscillations occur in non-premixed combustion with flame ignited outside the nozzle rather than other types of non-premixed combustion. Quasiperiodic oscillations, limit cycle modes, and intermittency modes are found in three fuel/air mixing distances in non-premixed combustion. The calculation methods of convection time for non-premixed combustion are established in the present work. The convection time of the limit cycle oscillations is then calculated, which is further found to trigger the second resonance modes of the combustion system. The further analysis reveals that varying fuel/air mixing distances can cause influences on local equivalence ratio distributions, and the convection time are correspondingly varied. The changes in convection time affects the coupling characteristics between heat release rate fluctuations and the acoustic modes in the combustion chamber. When the thermoacoustic coupling occurs, combustion instabilities appear. This work establishes a link between combustion instability and fuel/air mixing distances in non-premixed combustion and highlights the influences on spatial distributions of local equivalence ratios and then convection time, which can provide technical guidance for actual applications in various fuel/air mixing types.
Transcriptional drift in aging cells: A global decontroller
Authors: Matsuzaki Tyler , Weistuch Corey , de Graff Adam , Dill Ken A. , Balázsi Gábor
Published: July 2024

As cells age, they undergo a remarkable global change: In transcriptional drift, hundreds of genes become overexpressed while hundreds of others become underexpressed. Using archetype modeling and Gene Ontology analysis on data from aging
Caenorhabditis elegans
worms, we find that the up-regulated genes code for sensory proteins upstream of stress responses and down-regulated genes are growth- and metabolism-related. We observe similar trends within human fibroblasts, suggesting that this process is conserved in higher organisms. We propose a simple mechanistic model for how such global coordination of multiprotein expression levels may be achieved by the binding of a single factor that concentrates with age in
C. elegans
. A key implication is that a cell’s own responses are part of its aging process, so unlike wear-and-tear processes, intervention might be able to modulate these effects.
Memory’s gatekeeper: The role of PFC in the encoding of congruent events
Authors: Guerreiro Inês C. , Clopath Claudia
Published: July 2024

Theoretical models conventionally portray the consolidation of memories as a slow process that unfolds during sleep. According to the classical Complementary Learning Systems theory, the hippocampus (HPC) rapidly changes its connectivity during wakefulness to encode ongoing events and create memory ensembles that are later transferred to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during sleep. However, recent experimental studies challenge this notion by showing that new information consistent with prior knowledge can be rapidly consolidated in PFC during wakefulness and that PFC lesions disrupt the encoding of congruent events in the HPC. The contributions of the PFC to memory encoding have therefore largely been overlooked. Moreover, most theoretical frameworks assume random and uncorrelated patterns representing memories, disregarding the correlations between our experiences. To address these shortcomings, we developed a HPC–PFC network model that simulates interactions between the HPC and PFC during the encoding of a memory (awake stage), and subsequent consolidation (sleeping stage) to examine the contributions of each region to the consolidation of novel and congruent memories. Our results show that the PFC network uses stored memory “schemas” consolidated during previous experiences to identify inputs that evoke congruent patterns of activity, quickly integrate it into its network, and gate which components are encoded in the HPC. More specifically, the PFC uses GABAergic long-range projections to inhibit HPC neurons representing input components correlated with a previously stored memory “schema,” eliciting sparse hippocampal activity during exposure to congruent events, as it has been experimentally observed.
Aspects of morphosyntax of Majorcan Catalan-Spanish bilingual variety
Authors: Guijarro-Fuentes Pedro , Bello Iria , Masià Melania S.
Published: July 2024

This paper studies structural convergence between two Romance languages that are in close contact.
More specifically, it analyzes the differences in clitic realization and object omission in Spanish and Catalan. While
in Spanish it is possible to omit phrases corresponding to direct objects based on their definiteness (Campos, 1986; Clements, 2006) and
not to their syntactic position, Catalan does not regularly omit object pronouns but requires the use of the partitive
en with indefinite antecedents. A five-point Likert scale grammaticality judgment task adapted
from Bruhn de Garavito & Guijarro-Fuentes (2002) was designed to measure
the acceptability of different object expressions in 70 different constructions in Spanish by monolingual native
speakers (n = 44) and Catalan-Spanish bilingual speakers (n = 34). In the task, participants read a short dialogue
containing a question and a short answer and were asked to rate the naturalness of the answer. Linguistic variables
included the type of syntactic structure (simple or complex clauses), the semantic properties of the referent (+/-
definite), and the grammaticality of the utterance. Stimuli were replicated seven times per condition. Results
indicated significant differences between monolinguals and bilinguals, as the latter systematically accept ample
optionality concerning null direct objects. Conversely, differences according to language dominance in the bilingual
group could not be verified. Our data allow us to discuss views on the realization of interpretable features and on
bilingual variability.
The acquisition of object drop in L2 Spanish by German speakers
Authors: Guijarro-Fuentes Pedro
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the use of null objects in adult L1 German-L2 Spanish speakers. Spanish
null objects are licensed under two conditions: (i) semantically, null objects must be [-definite, -specific] (Franco, 1993; Sánchez, 2004), and
(ii) syntactically, null objects cannot be generated within an island or Phase Impenetrability in recent minimalist
conceptions (Chomsky, 2001), as they involve A’-movement (triggered by
[+ Top] feature). Object topic drop in German, on the other hand, does not exhibit the same semantic restrictions as
Spanish (Müller & Hulk, 2001). Using a production task, the predictions
of two competing models of L2 acquisition are tested. While the Interpretability Hypothesis (e.g.,
Hawkins & Hattori, 2006; Tsimpli
& Dimitrakopoulou, 2007) claims that interpretable features can be fully acquired by adult L2ers,
uninterpretable features not instantiated in the L1 are no longer available to adult learners, the Feature
Reassembly Hypothesis (Lardiere, 2009) proposes that L2
speakers transfer features that share the same morpholexical expressions in the L1 and L2, and when they do not,
learners must (re)assemble them into new configurations. Unlike the IH, FRH does not predict special difficulties with
uninterpretable features. The results from the native speaker group show that they respect the semantic constraints in
great measure, but show some variability with the syntactic restrictions by producing (unpredicted) null objects under
some of the islands tested. Moreover, the results from the L2ers show sensitivity to the semantic constraint, although
it is not as categorical as in the native group. Similarly, L2ers show sensitivity to the syntactic constraints in
that they generally prefer explicit objects when these are generated inside islands, but it varies by island (not in
the same way as in the NS group) and by speaker (group). In light of our results, we conclude that the results are
more in line with the Feature Reassembly Hypothesis. Ultimately, these results show that adult L2ers
are able to make distinctions which would not be expected if second language acquisition were fundamentally different
from L1 acquisition and UG were inoperative in this population.
“Nobody” isn’t in time
Authors: Moscati Vincenzo
Published: July 2024

The paper presents novel findings on young children’s processing of Negative Concord Items (NCIs)
in Italian in preverbal position. This is a syntactic environment in which their interpretation is equivalent to the
English Negative pronouns “Nobody/Nothing”. Eye movements show that by the age of 5 children have little troubles in
accessing the correct interpretation of preverbal NCIs. However, their processing time lags behind positive universal
quantifiers used as controls. This result is discussed in relation to a documented overgeneralization of Negative
Concord in early grammars.
Optical fiber sensor based on magneto-optical surface plasmon resonance with ultra-high figure of merit
Authors: Yan Jixuan , Xu Yangyang , Ding Jinghui , Zhu Xiao-Song , Shi Yi-Wei
Published: July 2024

Compared to surface plasmon resonance (SPR), the sensors based on the magneto-optical SPR (MOSPR) technique have much higher figure-of-merit (FOM). However, there are no reports about applying MOSPR in the optical fiber structure now. In this work, a novel D-shaped optical fiber sensor based on the MOSPR technique is proposed. The D-shaped optical fiber is coated with a thin silver film and a magneto-optical (MO) material film of Cerium-doped Yttrium-Iron garnet (CeYIG). By applying a magnetic field on the sensing region, the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) of the CeYIG layer and the related MOSPR phenomenon could be excited when appropriate light is transmitted in the proposed optical fiber sensor. The influence of the structural parameters including the residual cladding thickness, silver and MO material film thicknesses are analyzed theoretically by the finite element method (FEM). With the optimal parameters, the sensor achieves the sensitivity of 5304 nm RIU−1. Since the peak width of MOSPR spectra is much narrower than that of the SPR spectra, the FOM of the sensor is largely enhanced to 3864 RIU−1 on average and 13260 RIU−1 in maximum, which surpasses the optical fiber SPR sensors vastly. The miniaturized and simple design of the D-shaped optical fiber MOSPR sensor, coupled with the ultra-high FOM, offers itself great potential in biochemical sensing applications.
Strong radiative coupling between two quantum emitters with arbitrary mutual orientation via a silver nano-arc
Authors: Xie Qingtai , Wang Jinpeng , Hong Jie , Liu Jing-Feng , Liu Guanghui , Wu Feng , Chen Yongzhu , Chen Gengyan
Published: July 2024

Strong radiative coupling realizes coherent exchange of single excitation between two quantum emitters, while their dipole orientation influences the coupling strength in anisotropic environments. We propose a silver nano-arc with arbitrary radian which can support two hot spots of electric field with radian-independent resonant wavelength. Two quantum emitters resonant with the cavity mode, embedded inside the two hot spots and oriented along the nano-arc axis, can realize strong radiative coupling, verified by the large splitting and anti-crossing behavior in the spectrum and the population oscillation in the time domain. All these signatures of strong radiative coupling are robust against the nano-arc’s curvature. Our work provides a flexible approach to realize strong radiative coupling between two quantum emitters with arbitrary mutual orientation and facilitates quantum information processing.
Study on electrochemical polishing mechanism of TC4 titanium alloy
Authors: Wang Youliang , Liu Haiwang , Yin Xincheng , Zhou Yuhang , Feng Ming , Li Sisi
Published: July 2024

To achieve a high-quality and precise surface on TC4 titanium alloy for demanding engineering applications, electrochemical polishing (ECP) technology was employed to investigate the polishing process of TC4 titanium alloy in an ethylene glycol-sodium chloride green electrolyte. The macro and micro morphology, surface roughness, material removal rate, surface elements, surface corrosion resistance, and surface hardness of TC4 titanium alloy were measured before and after polishing. Single-factor experiments were conducted to explore the effects of processing gap, electrolyte temperature, polishing voltage, and polishing time on TC4 titanium alloy surface quality. Optimal polishing parameters were determined to be an electrode gap of 12 mm, a voltage of 20 V, a temperature of 40 °C, and a polishing time of 10 min. The experimental results indicated that after electrochemical polishing, the workpiece surface roughness Ra decreased from 256 nm to 25 nm, achieving a roughness reduction rate of 90.23%, the material removal rate was 3.348 μm min−1. The self-corrosion potential of the polished surface increased from −0.416 V to −0.375 V and the self-corrosion current density decreased from 4.447 × 10−7 A·cm−2 to 1.873 × 10−7 A·cm−2, the surface indentation hardness of the workpiece decreased from 5.8669 GPa to 4.6726 GPa. Based on the characterization of polished surface, the mechanism of electrochemical polishing of TC4 titanium alloy was proposed. The results demonstrate that electrochemical polishing of TC4 titanium alloy is highly efficient, involves no mechanical action, and causes no subsurface damage, making it a promising technology to meet medical requirements.
First principle insights on optoelectronic, mechanical, and thermoelectric properties of double perovskites Li2ScAu (Br/I)6 for energy harvesting applications
Authors: Alqorashi Afaf Khadr
Published: July 2024

Li-based double perovskites (DPs) are extensively studied due to their potential applications for solar cells and thermoelectric devices. In the current paper, I have explored the electronic, optical, transport, and mechanical properties of Li2ScAu (Br/I)6 by density functional theory (DFT) based calculations. The tolerance factor and Born Criteria have been assumed for structural and mechanical stability. In contrast, energy and phonons band structures are examined for thermodynamic and dynamic (Lattice vibration) stabilities. The band gaps of 1.96 eV and 1.42 eV for Li2ScAuBr6 and Li2ScAuI6 fall the absorption bands in the visible zone. The optical characteristics are addressed in the energy range of 0–5.0 eV. The low lattice thermal conductivity, large Seebeck coefficient, and electrical conductivity enhance the figure of merit (ZT) scale that increasse their importance for thermoelectric generators.
GFLE: a low-energy lightweight block cipher based on a variant of generalized Feistel structure
Authors: Hu Minhua , Li Lang , Huang Xiantong , Sun Wei
Published: July 2024

Low-energy lightweight block ciphers are essential for applications with extremely resource-constrained to reduce energy and maintain security. The trade-off between diffusion property and area is a widely studied issue in the design of low-energy block ciphers. In this paper, a low-energy lightweight block cipher named as GFLE is presented. The core cipher of GFLE uses a variant of the Generalized Feistel Structure (GFS) with 4-branch, which combines the Type-II GFS with the simplified Lai-Massey. The DRmax of GFLE has a one-round improvement over the Type-II GFS optimized by Suzaki et al and the security margin is achieved in a shorter number of rounds. Moreover, an S-box with low-energy and good cryptographic properties is proposed by searching combinations based on gate-level circuits using a depth-first strategy. It exhibits better security properties and hardware performance compared to other S-boxes. The block cipher GFLE is implemented in ASIC with UMC 0.18 μm. It has been proved that the energy of GFLE is lower than Midori, WARP, SKINNY, CRAFT, etc in unified encryption and decryption (ED) circuits. GFLE reduces energy by 61.59% compared with SKINNY. The results show that GFLE in ED circuits consumes only 1596 Gate Equivalents (GEs) and 6.36 μ
J/bit in area and energy, respectively.
Influence of the optoelectronic properties of F-MoTe2 systems under the combined action of an external electric field and biaxial tensile-compressive deformation: a first-principles study
Authors: Dai Ying , Liu Guili , Mohammadzadeh Ardashir , Zhang Guoying
Published: July 2024

The effects of an applied electric field on the electronic structure, charge transfer, and optical characteristics of molybdenum telluride (MoTe2) systems doped with halogen F atoms during biaxial tensile-compressive deformation were explored using first-principles approaches. The results show that the MoTe2 system exhibits an upward shift of the Fermi energy level and a downward shift of the conduction band when crossing the Fermi energy level due to the doping of halogen F atoms. Subsequently, we applied an electric field of −0.4 eV∼−0.4 eV to the F-MoTe2 system. The change of the F-MoTe2 system under the electric field effect is very small. This result indicates that the F-MoTe2 system can be stabilized in this range. Subsequently, we chose to apply a biaxial tensile-compressive deformation of −14%−14% to the F-MoTe2 system under the action of an electric field of +0.4 eV. The F-MoTe2 system underwent a transition from a semiconductor to a metal, with an increase in the carrier concentration and a good shift in electrical conductivity. The compressive strain gives better results than the tensile strain. In terms of optical characteristics, the absorption and emission peaks of the F-MoTe2 system are blueshifted under the combined effect of electric field and stress.
Interdecadal changes and the role of Philippine Sea convection in the intensification of Indian spring heatwaves
Authors: Ok Jung , Song Eun-Ji , Yang Sinil , Kim Baek-Min , Kim Ki-Young
Published: July 2024

Severe heatwaves have become increasingly frequent over the Indian subcontinent in recent decades. This study found that the increase in extreme heatwaves is related to a significant decadal change in surface temperatures over the Indian subcontinent, and revealed that the increase in convective activity in the Philippine Sea plays a crucial role in this decadal change in surface temperature. Specifically, the surface temperature over the Indian subcontinent in spring has increased significantly by approximately 0.64 °C in recent years (1998–2022: post-1998) compared to the past (1959–1997: pre-1998), leading to more intense and frequent heatwaves, particularly in March and April. The difference in atmospheric changes between these two periods shows that the enhancement of convective activity over the Philippine Sea drives an anomalous elongated anticyclonic circulation over the Indian subcontinent. This circulation pattern, marked by clearer skies and increased incident solar radiation, significantly contributes to the heat extremes in the Indian subcontinent. Additionally, stationary wave model experiments demonstrate that local diabatic heating over the Philippine Sea is significantly linked to robust spring Indian heatwaves through the Matsuno–Gill response.