bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypoalbuminemia and obesity class II are reliable predictors of peri-prosthetic joint infection in patient undergoing elective total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Man Sheryl Lok-Chi , Chau Wai-Wang , Chung Kwong-Yin , Ho Kevin Ki Wai
Published: May 2020

Background

Malnutrition is a common and modifiable risk factor for postoperative complications and adverse outcomes in orthopedics. The purpose of this study was to identify biomarkers of malnutrition in patients undergoing elective total knee arthroplasty (TKA) that are predictive of adverse in-hospital postoperative complications, to facilitate the identification of at-risk patients for nutritional optimization before surgery.

Methods

A total of 624 patients who underwent elective TKA between 2013 and 2017 were evaluated; potential biomarkers of preoperative malnutrition, including hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin < 3.5 g/dL), total lymphocyte count (TLC < 1500 cells/mm3), and body mass index (BMI), were assessed for any association with in-hospital postoperative complications.

Results

The prevalence of hypoalbuminemia, low TLC, overweight, obesity class I, and obesity class II were, respectively 2.72%, 33.4%, 14.8%, 44.5%, and 26.9%. There was a significant association between hypoalbuminemia and obesity class II (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) with rates of peri-prosthetic joint infection, and no significant association between such complications and low TLC, overweight, or obesity class I. Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with hypoalbuminemia or being in obesity class II with gouty arthritis were more likely to suffer from peri-prosthetic joint infection.

Conclusions

Hypoalbuminemia and obesity class II together is a reliable biomarker of preoperative malnutrition for predicting peri-prosthetic joint infection after elective TKA, whereas low TLC, overweight, and obesity class I were not significantly associated with an increased risk of such complications.
International experience of hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal) and its relevance to psychiatric research
Authors: Tan Marcus P. J. , Lee William , Kato Takahiro A.
Published: May 2020

When prolonged social withdrawal was first described in Japan as ‘hikikomori’, many studies examining its etiology suggested it to be related to factors unique to Japan and thus a culture-bound syndrome. However, existing research has suffered from a lack of standardised definitions, impeding comparability between studies. We summarise existing research and discuss its relevance to psychiatric practice today.
Addition of Androgen-Deprivation Therapy or Brachytherapy Boost to External Beam Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Jackson William C. , Hartman Holly E. , Dess Robert T. , Birer Sam R. , Soni Payal D. , Hearn Jason W.D. , Reichert Zachary R. , Kishan Amar U. , Mahal Brandon A. , Zumsteg Zachary S. , Efstathiou Jason A. , Kaffenberger Samuel , Morgan Todd M. , Mehra Rohit , Showalter Timothy N. , Krauss Daniel A. , Nguyen Paul L. , Schipper Matthew J. , Feng Felix Y. , Sandler Howard M. , Hoskin Peter J. , Roach Mack , Spratt Daniel E.
Published: May 2020

PURPOSE

In men with localized prostate cancer, the addition of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) or a brachytherapy boost (BT) to external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) have been shown to improve various oncologic end points. Practice patterns indicate that those who receive BT are significantly less likely to receive ADT, and thus we sought to perform a network meta-analysis to compare the predicted outcomes of a randomized trial of EBRT plus ADT versus EBRT plus BT.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A systematic review identified published randomized trials comparing EBRT with or without ADT, or EBRT (with or without ADT) with or without BT, that reported on overall survival (OS). Standard fixed-effects meta-analyses were performed for each comparison, and a meta-regression was conducted to adjust for use and duration of ADT. Network meta-analyses were performed to compare EBRT plus ADT versus EBRT plus BT. Bayesian analyses were also performed, and a rank was assigned to each treatment after Markov Chain Monte Carlo analyses to create a surface under the cumulative ranking curve.

RESULTS

Six trials compared EBRT with or without ADT (n = 4,663), and 3 compared EBRT with or without BT (n = 718). The addition of ADT to EBRT improved OS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.71 [95% CI, 0.62 to 0.81]), whereas the addition of BT did not significantly improve OS (HR, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.78 to 1.36]). In a network meta-analysis, EBRT plus ADT had improved OS compared with EBRT plus BT (HR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.52 to 0.89]). Bayesian modeling demonstrated an 88% probability that EBRT plus ADT resulted in superior OS compared with EBRT plus BT.

CONCLUSION

Our findings suggest that current practice patterns of omitting ADT with EBRT plus BT may result in inferior OS compared with EBRT plus ADT in men with intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer. ADT for these men should remain a critical component of treatment regardless of radiotherapy delivery method until randomized evidence demonstrates otherwise.
Higher TSH Is Not Associated With Thyroid Cancer Risk in the Presence of Thyroid Autoimmunity
Authors: Paparodis Rodis D , Bantouna Dimitra , Karvounis Evangelos , Imam Shahnawaz , Jaume Juan Carlos
Published: May 2020

Background

Higher-but-within-normal thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH) is associated with higher risk for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in surgical series. Our recent clinical observations suggest that this is not the case in the presence of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). We designed the present study to clarify this controversy.

Methods

We analyzed our prospectively collected database of patients referred for thyroid surgery at 2 tertiary care referral centers in Greece and the United States. We collected data for preoperative TSH, postoperative pathology, and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies titers. Subjects were subdivided into 2 groups, those with AITD (i.e., lymphocytic thyroiditis) and non-AITD. We excluded subjects with Graves disease, abnormal TSH (< 0.40 or > 4.50 mIU/mL), or recent use of levothyroxine. We compared the serum TSH among different groups using the Mann-Whitney test.

Results

A total of 3973 subjects were screened; 1357 met exclusion criteria. After all exclusions, data from 1731 non-AITD subjects and 329 AITD subjects were included in the analysis. AITD subjects had higher TSH than non-AITD subjects (2.09 vs 1.48; P < 0.0001). TSH values were higher in DTC compared with benign histology only in non-AITD subjects (1.65 vs 1.40; P < 0.0001). Progressively higher TSH was associated with higher incidence of DTC only in non-AITD subjects (P < 0.0001). In AITD subjects, TSH was similar between groups with or without DTC (2.02 vs 2.14; P = 0.21).

Conclusions

TSH concentrations are not associated with the risk of developing DTC in the presence of thyroid autoimmunity, even though this seems to be the case for all other patients.
Intraoperative Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in an Asymptomatic Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Davis-Sandfoss Andrew K. , Sweitzer BobbieJean
Published: May 2020

Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with variable clinical presentations are encountered in the perioperative setting. While some have already been diagnosed and are symptomatic, others have undiagnosed, asymptomatic COVID-19. The latter group poses the greatest risk of transmission. Given limited capacities in most health care systems, diagnostic testing is mainly performed in symptomatic patients or those with relevant exposure. We report an intraoperative diagnosis of COVID-19 in an asymptomatic patient, prompted by clinical signs. To control a pandemic such as COVID-19, a high index of suspicion is pivotal when caring for asymptomatic patients in the perioperative setting.
Global Souths
Authors: Feldman Leah
Published: May 2020

This essay explores alternative forms of political solidarity through a poiesis of longing that connects the Soviet aligned “South” in Kyrgyzstan and nonaligned “South” in decolonizing Algeria through a reading of two love stories by the Kyrgyz author and diplomat Chingiz Aitmatov, writing in 1958 on the periphery of the Soviet Union, and Algerian poet and political leader Malek Haddad, writing a year later amid the Algerian War of Independence. Tracing the relationships between Global Souths, which included institutional and personal networks that persisted despite an often tense ideological divide between the Soviet aligned and nonaligned nations, I render visible the relationship between two genealogies of anti-imperial thinking born from the nonaligned Bandung and the lesser known Soviet affiliate, the Afro-Asian Writers’ Association. In this way, I argue that the Global South is more than a place; it is a set of relations that structure a political consciousness through a longing or desire for (non)alignment.
Disciplinary Translations
Authors: Jensen Casper Bruun
Published: May 2020

Early in his career, Bruno Latour’s limited readership consisted mainly of the research community in science and technology studies (STS) that he helped to inaugurate. Today the situation could hardly be more different. Latour is now subject to the “translations”—the processes by which ideas travel—that he has provided such powerful tools for analyzing. He has become a “mutable mobile”—eminently transportable but always changing as he goes—that in different contexts exists as a variety of conceptual characters or figurations. As the Latour network continues to see significant extensions and transformations, it offers an instructive case for understanding the potentials and dynamics of traveling texts and ideas—and of their relation to existing disciplinary formations—as ecologies of knowledge change. This article examines the reception and adaptation of Latour’s ideas in two quite different intellectual contexts: anthropology and literary studies. The proliferation of Latour figurations is shown to be a consequence of interactions between, on the one hand, existing disciplinary constellations of ideas, concerns, and practices, and, on the other hand, his own often ambiguous arguments on topics including theory and method, nonhuman agency and politics, and technical mediation.
Efficient genome editing by CRISPR-Mb3Cas12a in mice
Authors: Wang Zhuqing , Wang Yue , Wang Shawn , Gorzalski Andrew J. , McSwiggin Hayden , Yu Tian , Castaneda-Garcia Kimberly , Prince Brian , Wang Hetan , Zheng Huili , Yan Wei
Published: May 2020

As an alternative and complementary approach to Cas9-based genome editing, Cas12a has not been widely used in mammalian cells largely due to its strict requirement for the TTTV protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence. Here, we report that Mb3Cas12a (Moraxella bovoculi AAX11_00205) can efficiently edit the mouse genome based on the TTV PAM sequence with minimal numbers of large on-target deletions or insertions. When TTTV PAM sequence-targeting CRISPR (cr)RNAs of 23 nt spacers are used, >70% of the founders obtained are edited. Moreover, the use of Mb3Cas12a tagged to monomeric streptavidin (mSA) in conjunction with biotinylated DNA donor template leads to high knock-in efficiency in two-cell mouse embryos, with 40% of founders obtained containing the desired knock-in sequences.
The flipside of the TOR coin – TORC2 and plasma membrane homeostasis at a glance
Authors: Riggi Margot , Kusmider Beata , Loewith Robbie
Published: May 2020

Target of rapamycin (TOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase conserved in most eukaryote organisms. TOR assembles into two multiprotein complexes (TORC1 and TORC2), which function as regulators of cellular growth and homeostasis by serving as direct transducers of extracellular biotic and abiotic signals, and, through their participation in intrinsic feedback loops, respectively. TORC1, the better-studied complex, is mainly involved in cell volume homeostasis through regulating accumulation of proteins and other macromolecules, while the functions of the lesser-studied TORC2 are only now starting to emerge. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we aim to highlight recent advances in our understanding of TORC2 signalling, particularly those derived from studies in yeast wherein TORC2 has emerged as a major regulator of cell surface homeostasis.
Sex-specific molecular specialization and activity rhythm dependent gene expression in honey bee antennae
Authors: Jain Rikesh , Brockmann Axel
Published: May 2020

We performed an RNA-seq based comparison of gene expression levels in the antennae of honey bee drones and time-trained foragers (workers) collected at different times of the day and different activity states. Interestingly, olfaction-related genes (i.e. odorant receptor (Ors), odorant binding proteins (Obps), carboxyl esterases (CEst) etc.) showed stable gene expression differences between drone and worker antennae. Drone antennae showed higher expression of 24 Ors, of which 21 belong to the clade X which comprises the receptor for the major queen pheromone compound 9-ODA. This high number of drone-biased Ors suggests that more Ors than previously expected play a role in sex-pheromone communication. In addition, we found higher expression levels for many non-olfaction related genes including nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and the potassium channel Shaw. In contrast, workers showed higher expression of 67 Ors, which belong to different Or clades that are involved in pheromone communication as well as the perception of cuticular hydrocarbons and floral scents. Further, drone antennae showed higher expression of genes involved in energy metabolism, whereas worker antennae showed higher expression of genes involved in neuronal communication consistent with earlier reports on peripheral olfactory plasticity. Finally, drones that perform mating flight in the afternoon (innate) and foragers that are trained to forage in the afternoon (adapted) showed similar daily changes in the expression of two major clock genes, period and cryptochrome2. Most of the other genes showing changes with time or onset of daily flight activity were specific to drones and foragers.
Análise da tendência de casos e óbitos por Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) nos principais países afetados e no Brasil: uma análise dos primeiros 50 dias da pandemia
Authors: Lima Kenio Costa de , Medeiros Arthur de Almeida , Barbosa Isabelle Ribeiro
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: analisar a tendência de casos e óbitos pelo COVID-19. Métodos: foram analisados os óbitos e os casos confirmados até o dia 15 de março de 2020, informados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, utilizando-se Regressão Joinpoint. Resultados: a partir de 6 de fevereiro, os casos globais de COVID-19 apresentaram aumento de 8,2% e relacionavam-se com os casos registrados na Europa, e o incremento no número de óbitos, a partir de 20 de fevereiro, coincidiu com o aumento dos registros na Itália e Irã. Conclusão: na China, houve tendência de redução de casos e óbitos, enquanto a Europa apresentou transmissão sustentada.
CusVarDB: A tool for building customized sample-specific variant protein database from next-generation sequencing datasets
Authors: Kasaragod Sandeep , Mohanty Varshasnata , Tyagi Ankur , Behera Santosh Kumar , Patil Arun H. , Pinto Sneha M. , Prasad T. S. Keshava , Modi Prashant Kumar , Gowda Harsha
Published: May 2020

Cancer genome sequencing studies have revealed a number of variants in coding regions of several genes. Some of these coding variants play an important role in activating specific pathways that drive proliferation. Coding variants present on cancer cell surfaces by the major histocompatibility complex serve as neo-antigens and result in immune activation. The success of immune therapy in patients is attributed to neo-antigen load on cancer cell surfaces. However, which coding variants are expressed at the protein level can’t be predicted based on genomic data. Complementing genomic data with proteomic data can potentially reveal coding variants that are expressed at the protein level. However, identification of variant peptides using mass spectrometry data is still a challenging task due to the lack of an appropriate tool that integrates genomic and proteomic data analysis pipelines. To overcome this problem, and for the ease of the biologists, we have developed a graphical user interface (GUI)-based tool called CusVarDB. We integrated variant calling pipeline to generate sample-specific variant protein database from next-generation sequencing datasets. We validated the tool with triple negative breast cancer cell line datasets and identified 423, 408, 386 and 361 variant peptides from BT474, MDMAB157, MFM223 and HCC38 datasets, respectively.
Metformin improves FOXP3 mRNA expression through suppression of interferon gamma levels in pristane-induced murine models of lupus
Authors: Sumantri Stevent , Hatta Mochammad , Natzir Rosdiana , Rasyid Haerani , Rengganis Iris , Massi Muhammad Nasrum , Islam Andi Asadul , Lawrence Gatot , Patellongi Ilhamjaya , Benyamin Andi Fachruddin
Published: May 2020

Background:  A recent study has indicated the potential of metformin therapy for lupus in animal models, but there has been no study evaluating the effect on pristane-induced lupus. This study aims to evaluate the effect of intraperitoneal versus oral metformin on interferon (IFN)-γ levels and FOXP3 mRNA expression on pristane-induced female BALB/c mice.

Methods: In total, 31 female BALB/c mice, aged 6 weeks, were intraperitoneally induced with 0.5 ml of pristane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane). After 120 days, the mice were grouped and treated with various treatments: normal saline 100 mcl, oral metformin 100mg/kgBW, or intraperitoneal metformin 100mg/kgBW. After 60 days of treatment, all treatment groups were sacrificed, and kidney specimens prepared and stained using hematoxylin and esosin.

Results: IFNγ levels of saline controls vs. oral metformin group was 309.39 vs. 292.83 pg/mL (mean difference 16.56 pg/mL; 95% CI 0.74-32.37; p=0.042), and saline control vs. intraperitoneal metformin group was 309.39 vs. 266.90 pg/mL (mean difference 42.49 pg/mL; 95% CI 29.24-55.73 pg/mL; p<0.004). FOXP3 mRNA expression changes in saline controls vs. oral metformin group was 6.90 vs. 7.79-fold change (mean difference -0.89-fold change; 95% CI -1.68-(-0.11); p=0.03)  and in saline controls vs. intraperitoneal metformin group was 6.90 vs. 9.02-fold change (mean difference -2.12-fold change; 95% CI -2.99-(-1.25); p=<0.001). Correlation analysis of FOXP3 mRNA expression and IFNγ level changes revealed a Pearson correlation of -0.785 (p=0.001) and R2 value of 0.616 (p=0.001).

Conclusion: Metformin is a potential new therapy to reduce the levels of IFNγ and increase FOXP3 mRNA expression in mice models of systemic lupus erythematosus. Intraperitoneal metformin, i.e intravenous administration in human, could provide a novel route of administration to improve the effect of metformin for lupus patients.
School closure in response to epidemic outbreaks: Systems-based logic model of downstream impacts
Authors: Kneale Dylan , O'Mara-Eves Alison , Rees Rebecca , Thomas James
Published: May 2020

Background:School closures have been a recommended non-pharmaceutical intervention in pandemic response owing to the potential to reduce transmission of infection between children, school staff and those that they contact. However, given the many roles that schools play in society, closure for any extended period is likely to have additional impacts. Literature reviews of research exploring school closure to date have focused upon epidemiological effects; there is an unmet need for research that considers the multiplicity of potential impacts of school closures.

Methods:We used systematic searching, coding and synthesis techniques to develop a systems-based logic model. We included literature related to school closure planned in response to epidemics large and small, spanning the 1918-19 ‘flu pandemic through to the emerging literature on the 2019 novel coronavirus. We used over 170 research studies and a number of policy documents to inform our model.

Results:The model organises the concepts used by authors into seven higher level domains: children’s health and wellbeing, children’s education, impacts on teachers and other school staff, the school organisation, considerations for parents and families, public health considerations, and broader economic impacts. The model also collates ideas about potential moderating factors and ethical considerations. While dependent upon the nature of epidemics experienced to date, we aim for the model to provide a starting point for theorising about school closures in general, and as part of a wider system that is influenced by contextual and population factors.

Conclusions:The model highlights that the impacts of school closures are much broader than those related solely to health, and demonstrates that there is a need for further concerted work in this area. The publication of this logic model should help to frame future research in this area and aid decision-makers when considering future school closure policy and possible mitigation strategies.
Teaching inhaler technique
Authors: Scullion Jane
Published: May 2020

Inhalers were developed to deliver required medications directly to the lungs whilst minimising any side effects. They are the key to managing exacerbations and symptoms in both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but are not yet proven to prevent mortality in the later. Disappointingly, the evidence still shows that many healthcare professionals cannot use them and therefore cannot correctly instruct patients in their use, and that patients are still unable to maximise the benefits they could get from their inhalers because of poor technique and adherence. The following article discusses the issues and offers a simple approach and practical advice on teaching inhaler techniques. It concludes that maybe it is time for us to think differently to teach inhaler technique and use effectively.
Testing and Analysis of the Extractor of a Sugarcane Chopper Harvester
Authors: Bai Jing , Ma Shaochun , Yang Guangyou , Wang Fenglei , Xing Haiqian , Ke Wenli
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Performance tests were carried out on the primary extractor of a Chenhan 4GQ-130 sugarcane chopper harvester to improve the harvesting quality, increase the economic benefits, and reduce the harvesting cost. The tests were designed to identify the relationships of three performance indexes (impurity rate, cane loss, and power consumption) to the main influencing factors (fan speed, air speed, and feeding rate of sugarcane). Single-factor tests showed that fan speed was positively correlated with air speed and pressure. The high feeding rate of 3 kg s-1 had a higher impurity rate than the low feeding rate of 2 kg s-1. The average power consumption was higher at the high feeding rate than at the low feeding rate. However, the results of a 2 × 3 factorial experiment showed that feeding rate did not have significant effects on the impurity rate, cane loss, and power consumption (p > 0.1). It also showed that fan speed had no significant effect on the impurity rate (p > 0.1). However, at a significance level of a = 0.05, fan speed had a highly significant influence on cane loss and power consumption (p < 0.01). Compared to the feeding rate, the effect of fan speed on each performance index was more significant. Fan speed was important for the impurity rate, cane loss, and power consumption. The interaction of feeding rate and fan speed was not significant. Therefore, the optimal fan speed should be determined for a suitable feeding rate, air speed, and air pressure, which determines the extractors’ optimal performance. Keywords: Air speed and pressure, Cane loss, Fan speed, Feeding rate, Impurity rate, Power consumption.
Integrated Navigation Models of a Mobile Fodder-Pushing Robot Based on a Standardized Cow Husbandry Environment
Authors: Yang Shenghui , Liang Shenghao , Zheng Yongjun , Tan Yu , Xiao Zhang , Li Baosheng , Liu Xingxing
Published: May 2020

Highligh

Integrated navigation models for a two-wheel robot were specifically developed for a semi-enclosed environment.

A combination of Kalman filter and fuzzy control system was developed with mathematical models.

Real-time pose estimate and adjustment of perturbances due to feeding cows and fodder resistance were achieved.

Abstract. As part of welfare feeding, standardized feeding is commonly used for cows in confined operations. Due to the strict facility requirements, smart mobile robots have been specifically developed to address these semi-enclosed environments. Their navigation is based on electromagnetic sensors with magnetic tapes, which does not easily allow route changes and other abilities afforded by the newer integrated sensors and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) guidance packages available on large agricultural machinery in outdoor environments. This article proposes a system of integrated navigation using multiple sensors, which was used for a two-wheel-drive robot operating in the standardized environment of a cow husbandry facility. The developed system combined incremental encoders, ultrasonic sensors, and a gyroscope to determine parameters such as course angle and covered distance. A fuzzy self-adaption Kalman filter was applied to integrate these parameters and estimate the robot pose, so that the robot could achieve real-time course adjustment during operation. Experimental trials indicated that the real-world route was highly consistent with the set route. Moreover, the cross-track error was =0.10 m at a travel velocity of 0.2 m s-1, indicating that perturbances due to feeding cows and fodder resistance had little interference on the movement of the robot, and the models were robust and accurate. This novel integrated sensing system with a fuzzy self-adaption Kalman filter and derived models was able to guide real-time robot operations in a modern cow husbandry environment without the need for magnetic tapes. Keywords: Kalman filter, Integrated navigation, Motion models, Pose estimate, Welfare feeding.
Characterization and Detection of Leaf Photosynthetic Response to Citrus Huanglongbing from Cool to Hot Seasons in Two Orchards
Authors: Weng Haiyong , Zeng Yibing , Cen Haiyan , He Mubin , Meng Youqing , Liu Yu , Wan Liang , Xu Haixia , Li Hongye , Fang Hui , He Yong
Published: May 2020

Highlights

An abnormal accumulation of sucrose and glucose was found in HLB-infected leaves, and it presented a similar pattern in different orchards from cool to hot seasons.

A decreasing value of the actual quantum yield of PSII (FPSII) in HLB-infected leaves was mainly related to an increase of non-regulated energy quenching (FNO) due to the irreversible damage of PSII.

Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging combined with a random forest was able to identify HLB at the asymptomatic stage.

Abstract Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) poses a serious threat to citrus production. This research aimed to explore chlorophyll fluorescence imaging for characterizing the photosynthetic response to HLB-infected citrus leaves in different orchards and seasons. Chlorophyll fluorescence images of citrus leaves were acquired with an in-house chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system. It was found that sucrose and glucose accumulated earlier than starch in HLB-infected leaves, and a similar carbohydrate metabolic pattern was observed in HLB-infected leaves grown in different orchards from cool to hot seasons. The pathogen damaged the thylakoid structure of chloroplasts with a higher value of Fo. It decreased photosynthetic activity of the host by reducing the number of active photosynthetic centers and the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) with lower values of Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm. Additionally, the pathogen modified the allocation of excitation energy in citrus leaves by reducing the actual quantum yield of PSII (FPSII) due to an increase of non-regulated energy quenching (FNO), which indicated irreversible PSII damage before symptom development. Moreover, photosynthetic signatures combined with the random forest method were able to identify HLB in the asymptomatic stage with an overall accuracy of 91.8%. These results demonstrated the potential of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging for evaluating the photosynthetic response to HLB as well as disease diagnosis. Keywords: Carbohydrate metabolism, Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, Citrus Huanglongbing, Photosynthetic efficiency, Random forest model.
Purification and Identification of Antioxidant Peptides from Hydrolysates of Large Yellow Croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) Scales
Authors: Chen Wenwei , Hong Yao , Jia Zhenbao , Huang Guangrong
Published: May 2020

Highlights

Three antioxidant peptides were efficiently obtained from large yellow croaker scales.

The molecular weights of the three peptides were 879.4, 952.5, and 1070.4 Da, respectively.

The large yellow croaker scales’ hydrolysates are a good source of natural antioxidants.

Abstract. The scales of large yellow croaker () are typically discarded as waste during processing. In this study, three peptides with high antioxidant properties were purified from the scales via ultrafiltration and column chromatography. Through matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the sequences of the three peptides were identified as Gln-Arg-Pro-Pro-Glu-Pro-Arg (M1N4-1, 879.4 Da), Glu-Lys-Val-Trp-Lys-Tyr-Cys-Asp (M1N4-2, 1070.4 Da), and Val-Gly-Leu-Pro-Gly-Leu-Ser-Gly-Pro-Val-Gly (M2N2-1, 952.5 Da). The antioxidant activity of the peptides was directly determined through 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay. Results suggested that large yellow croaker scales are a good source of natural antioxidants. Keywords: Antioxidant peptide, Hydrolysis, Pseudosciaena crocea, Scale.
Apresentação da Técnica de Tomografia por Impedância Magnética Aplicada ao Imageamento em Medicina
Authors: De Jesus Helcimar Moura , Lemaire Thierry J.
Published: May 2020

A técnica de Tomografia por Impedância Magnética é apresentada de forma introdutória e o problema inverso associado, no caso de um corpo cilíndrico, é resolvido com o algoritmo Simulated Annealing. Os resultados apresentados neste artigo foram obtidos por um dos autores no seu trabalho de final de curso. Considerações práticas sobre a questão do ruído na instrumentação assim como o impacto da presença deste ruído nos sinais a ser tratados não são abordados.
Caracterização das Distribuições pelas Propriedades dos Estimadores de Bayes
Authors: Araújo P.C. , Cardeal J.A.
Published: May 2020

Neste trabalho reapresentamos os resultados obtidos por Kagan e Karpov [1,2], mostrando que: para a construção do Estimador Linear Bayseano a condição necessária e suficiente é que, a priori, a distribuição dos erros sejam normais.
Performance enhancement due to a top dielectric coating on a metamaterial perfect absorber
Authors: Pradhan Jitendra K. , Gopal Achanta Venu , Agarwal Amit K. , Anantha Ramakrishna S.
Published: May 2020

A tri-layer metamaterial structure with enhanced absorption is demonstrated at infrared wavelengths by coating the top surface of the metamaterial absorber with an additional thin layer of dielectric material. The metamaterial absorber, which consists of a micrometer-sized metallic circular patch separated from a metal ground plane by a dielectric spacer layer, when coated with a supplementary protective dielectric layer on the top, shows a spectral red shift of the peak absorption along with a change in the absorption amplitude. The increase or decrease in absorption arises basically from an interference phenomenon of light reflected from the surface of the protective dielectric and the surface of metamaterial structures, and is highly dependent on the thickness of the top dielectric layer. The protective dielectric coatings provide an alternative way to modify and optimize the absorption in a metamaterial absorber along with a robustness that protects metamaterial structures from environmental and mechanical degradation.
Full-polarization wavefront shaping for imaging through scattering media
Authors: Li Runze , Peng Tong , Zhou Meiling , Yu Xianghua , Min Junwei , Yang Yanlong , Yao Baoli
Published: May 2020

The scattering effect occurring when light passes through inhomogeneous-refractive-index media such as atmosphere or biological tissues will scramble the light wavefront into speckles and impede optical imaging. Wavefront shaping is an emerging technique for imaging through scattering media that works by addressing correction of the disturbed wavefront. In addition to the phase and amplitude, the polarization of the output scattered light will also become spatially randomized in some cases. The recovered image quality and fidelity benefit from correcting as much distortion of the scattered light as possible. Liquid-crystal spatial light modulators (LC-SLMs) are widely used in the wavefront shaping technique, since they can provide a great number of controlled modes and thereby high-precision wavefront correction. However, due to the working principle of LC-SLMs, the wavefront correction is restricted to only one certain linear polarization state, resulting in retrieved image information in only the right polarization, while the information in the orthogonal polarization is lost. In this paper, we describe a full-polarization wavefront correction system for shaping the scattered light wavefront in two orthogonal polarizations with a single LC-SLM. The light speckles in both polarizations are corrected for retrieval of the full polarization information and faithful images of objects. As demonstrated in the experiments, the focusing intensity can be increased by full-polarization wavefront correction, images of objects in arbitrary polarization states can be retrieved, and the polarization state of the object’s light can also be recognized.
Radial-shearing interferometric imaging with Theon-Kepler bifocal telescope
Authors: Li Yaocun , Liu Huiya , Xie Jing , Zhang Junyong
Published: May 2020

A method of radial-shearing interferometric imaging based on the Theon–Kepler bifocal telescope is proposed. The Theon–Kepler bifocal telescope system consists of two identical Theon photon sieves with bifocal spots. The short focal length of the first photon sieve coincides with the long focal length of the second photon sieve. At the same time, the first focal length coincides with the second short focal length. This setup naturally constitutes two sets of 4f systems. When a plane wave is incident on the bifocal telescope, two plane waves of different sizes are emitted. These two beams undergo radial-shearing interference. The common-path setup of this new type of radial-shearing interferometer is simple, with low requirements for the experimental environment and strong anti-interference ability.
Research on terahertz transmission characteristics of nonpolar liquid based on frequency-domain spectroscopy
Authors: Guo Su-jie , Ruan Cun-jun , Kong De-yin , Dai Jun , Zhang Yan , He Wen-long
Published: May 2020

In our research, terahertz frequency-domain spectroscopy based on continuous-wave and coherent detection, which offers advantages of frequency selectivity and much higher frequency resolution, is used to acquire the optical parameter of nonpolar liquid samples in a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) rectangle cell. The transfer matrix method is raised to remove the oscillation generated by the Fabry–Perot interferometer caused by the cell wall; thereby, dielectric constants of liquids can be extracted successfully. The refractive index of the nonpolar liquid samples cyclohexane (

C

6

H

12

)

and

n

-Hexane (

C

6

H

14

) are obtained within the frequency range of 400–1600 GHz. The processed results of cyclohexane and n-Hexane in our method are basically stable with a refractive index of about 1.42 and 1.37, respectively, which agrees well with the experimental results using other methods previously.
Few-moded ultralarge mode area chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber for mid-infrared high power applications
Authors: Feng Xian , Ren He , Xu Fu , Shi Jindan , Qi Sisheng , Hu Yongsheng , Tang Jinwen , Han Feng , Shen Deyuan , Yang Zhiyong
Published: May 2020

We demonstrate a novel few-moded ultralarge mode area chalcogenide glass photonic crystal fiber for mid-infrared high power applications. The numerical simulation indicates that the fiber has ultralarge mode areas of ∼10500 µm2 and ∼12000 µm2 for the fundamental mode LP01 and the lowest higher-order mode LP11, respectively. Dual-moded operation is confirmed experimentally at 2 µm, in good agreement with the numerical simulation. By selectively launching technique, low bending loss of 0.7 dB/m, equivalent to 0.55 dB/turn, has been observed in the fiber with a small bending radius of ∼12 cm, indicating excellent bending resistance of the few-moded fiber with such a large mode area. The fiber has been demonstrated to sustain an incident power density up to 150 kW/cm2 under 2-µm CW laser irradiation, showing the potential of the fiber for high-power applications in mid-infrared.
Sorting full angular momentum states with Pancharatnam-Berry metasurfaces based on spiral transformation
Authors: Wang Baiming , Wen Yuanhui , Zhu Jiangbo , Chen Yujie , Yu Siyuan
Published: May 2020

Full angular momentum states constitute a complete and higher state space of a photon, which are significant not only for fundamental study of light but also for practical applications utilizing cylindrical optics such as optical fibers. Here we propose and demonstrate a simple yet effective scheme of combining the spiral transformation with Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) metasurfaces for high-resolution sorting of full angular momentum states. The scheme is verified by successfully sorting full angular momentum states with 7 orbital angular momentum states and 2 spin angular momentum states via numerical simulations and experiments. We expect that our work paves the way for simple high-resolution sorting of full angular momentum states, which could be highly useful in both classical and quantum information systems.
Optical material anisotropy in high-index transition metal dichalcogenide Mie nanoresonators
Authors: Green Thomas D. , Baranov Denis G. , Munkhbat Battulga , Verre Ruggero , Shegai Timur , Käll Mikael
Published: May 2020

Resonant optical antennas provide unprecedented opportunities to control light on length scales far below the diffraction limit. Recent studies have demonstrated that nanostructures made of multilayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) can exhibit well-defined and intense Mie resonances in the visible to the near-infrared spectral range. These resonances are realizable because the TMDC materials exhibit very high in-plane refractive indices, in fact higher than what is found in typical high-index dielectric materials like Si or GaAs. However, their out-of-plane refractive indices are comparatively low. Here we experimentally and theoretically investigate how this unusually large material anisotropy influences the optical response of individual TMDC nanoresonators made of

MoS
2

. We find that anisotropy strongly affects the far-field optical response of the resonators, as well as complex interference effects, such as anapole and resonant Kerker conditions. Moreover, we show that it is possible to utilize the material anisotropy to probe the vectorial nature of the nanoresonator internal near fields. Specifically, we show that Raman spectra originating from individual

MoS
2

nanoresonators exhibit mode-specific anisotropic enhancement factors that vary with the nanoresonator size and correlate with specific modes supported at resonance. Our study indicates that exploring material anisotropy in novel high-index dielectrics may lead to new nanophotonic effects and applications.
Criterios de calidad clave para mejorar la gestión de las empresas colaborativas turísticas en España
Authors: Lin Wei , Tarí Juan José
Published: May 2020

Dada la importancia del turismo para la economía española y para la economía colaborativa, las empresas colaborativas turísticas en España necesitan un sistema de gestión que les permita planificar, controlar y mejorar sus actividades. Este trabajo se dedica a cubrir esta laguna de la literatura académica analizando la gestión de las empresas del turismo colaborativo en España. Para conocer la situación de la gestión del sector del turismo colaborativo en España, e identificar los criterios clave para la gestión, se realiza una investigación empírica de una plataforma del coche compartido y de una empresa tradicional. Los resultados indican que, aunque las plataformas colaborativas mantienen una alta satisfacción de los usuarios, existen también problemas, entre ellos, destaca la mala conexión con los usuarios proveedor y la poca preocupación por el medio ambiente.
Análise confirmatória à preferência nos Hostels na cidade do Porto, em Portugal
Authors: Tavares Fernando Oliveira , Fraiz Brea Jose Antonio
Published: May 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar e confirmar as caraterísticas determinantes na escolha de hostels na cidade do Porto, em Portugal. Foi efetuado um inquérito que foi respondido por 208 hóspedes deste tipo de equipamento hoteleiro. Os hostels estão integrados num segmento low cost, tratando-se por isso de um local de hospedagem barato, para hóspedes que não procuram o luxo, sendo por isso associados a turismo de jovens mochileiros. A análise confirmatória efetuada apresenta oito fatores que estão na base da sua escolha e são: a segurança geral do hostel, a limpeza do hostel, o mobiliário básico do hostel, os serviços de apoio aos hóspedes, o design e ambiente, as externalidades positivas de localização, o convívio e entretenimento dos hóspedes e a segurança física objetiva dos hostels. Trata-se de uma análise confirmatória, onde os trinta e oito itens agrupados em oito fatores, são um forte contributo para o estudo do tema, devendo merecer a atenção por parte dos gestores destas unidades hoteleiras, dos investidores e do público em geral.
Von Pong zur Panik?
Authors: Melzer André
Published: May 2020

André Melzer beschäftigt sich in seinem Beitrag zum Videospielmedium mit dessen Nutzung und Wirkung sowie dessen gesellschaftlicher Relevanz. Auf der Basis einer eingehenden Analyse der Interaktivität als eines der zentralen Erfolgsmerkmale von Videospielen erfolgt eine Darstellung der Befunde zur Nutzungsmotivation. Daran anschließend werden die vielfältigen positiven Effekte der Nutzung auf motivationaler, emotionaler, kognitiver sowie sozialer bzw. verhaltensbezogener Ebene vorgestellt. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird die mediale und gesellschaftliche Diskussion um mögliche negative Effekte von Videospielen am Beispiel medienpsychologischer Forschung zu den Themen Gewalt und antisoziales Verhalten beleuchtet, und es werden ihre moralischen Implikationen analysiert. Melzer schlägt dabei ein theoretisches Rahmenmodell vor, das Videospiele in einen Kontext verortet, der personale und situative Faktoren sowie deren Wechselwirkung berücksichtigt.
“De acordo com a moderna pedagogia”: as lições, as coisas e a materialidade na Instrução Pública do Rio Grande do Sul (1891-1928)
Authors: Miglioranza Cristiane Indiara Vernes , Possamai Zita Rosane
Published: May 2020

Este trabalho analisa o conteúdo dos relatos dos inspetores gerais da Instrução Pública do Rio Grande do Sul a partir das noções de cultura material escolar e de cultura visual escolar, cotejando-os com outros documentos e com bibliografia especializada. Aponta para a existência de uma preocupação, seguida de ação, em aparelhar e prover as escolas com as novidades do então embrionário mercado de produtos educativos, tendo em vista a modernização da escola primária. Destaca que os profissionais técnicos do Estado estavam atentos às ideias e às práticas utilizadas em outros países. Conclui que houve a criação de soluções econômicas e logísticas para a manutenção do fornecimento desse material, e distingue as coleções escolares do Museu Julio de Castilhos, o mobiliário fabricado nas oficinas da Casa de Correção e a adaptação e edição locais de livros didáticos.
Em busca do edifício escolar: contributo para a História Local da Educação (freguesia de S. Vicente de Pereira, Ovar, 1888-1892)
Authors: Gonçalves Neto Wenceslau , Magalhães Justino Pereira de
Published: May 2020

O texto incide sobre tema menos esclarecido na História da Educação em Portugal – o estatuto educacional da freguesia no contexto da oferta escolar. A freguesia constituiu a instância geográfica, administrativa e social de alfabetização escolar. É um estudo de micro-história, porventura de “pequena história”, mas representativo de um ciclo histórico de universalização escolar em Portugal, no final de Oitocentos. Fundamenta-se em documentos do Arquivo Municipal de Ovar e da freguesia de São Vicente de Pereira, como livros de atas, correspondências e imprensa. Recupera-se o processo de construção do prédio da escola para o sexo masculino, entre 1888 e 1892, como resultado do esforço da Junta de Paróquia e de um “brasileiro” daquela freguesia que, para esse fim, conseguiu doação de terreno e significativa quantia de amigos residentes no Brasil. Foi possível perceber parte da complexidade do processo de escolarização que se pretendia em Portugal no final do século XIX.
RESÚMENES DE TESIS: MAESTRÍA EN DIDÁCTICA DE LAS CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES
Authors: Collins Pablo Agustín
Published: May 2020

Los contenidos actitudinales en la trama formativa de los residentes del Profesorado de Biología y su implementación en las prácticas áulicasMónica Francisca Eceiza - monicaeceiza@hotmail.comDirector: Dr. Aníbal BarLugar de realización: Villa Ángela, ChacoFecha de defensa: 30 de mayo de 2018

 

Incidencia del uso de un entorno tecnológico presencial-virtual en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Desarrollo de una experiencia en el Profesorado de BiologíaMaría Rosa Venezia - veneziamariarosa@gmail.comDirectora: Dra. Ana Patricia FabroCo-Directora: Dra. María del Rosario de la RiestraLugar de realización: ISPI No 9028 “Ntra. Sra. del Huerto”. Nivel Superior. Profesorado para la Educación Secundaria en Biología. Rosa-rio. Provincia de Santa Fe. ArgentinaFecha de defensa: 28 de marzo de 2018
PEMIMPIN RUMAH TANGGA DALAM TAFSIR (Kaji Ulang Pendapat Feminis dengan Metode Ta’wīl)
Authors: Dedi Syarial
Published: May 2020

This paper aims to explain the opinion of some traditionalist Muslim scholars who refute feminist opinions of verse 34 of an-Nisā’ about household leaders. This study takes the form of a library with the content analysis method. Utilizing qawāʿid al-lughawi'ah (linguistic rules) like the ta'wīl method which is inherited uṣūliyyīn (Islamic law expert, scholars such as Rasyīd Riḍā ‘Alī aṣ-Ṣābūnī, and aṭ-Ṭabāṭabāʿī argued that men are more superior than women in some aspect such as intellectual. Therefore, it is men who have a duty to become the leader. Tulisan ini menjelaskan tentang pendapat beberapa sarjana Muslim tradisional yang menolak pendapat kaum  feminist tentang kesejajaran laki-laki dan perempuan dalam menafsirkan surat Nisā’ ayat 34. Dengan menggunakan data literer dan analisis isi, tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa beberapa sarjana Muslim Rasyīd Riḍā ‘Alī aṣ-Ṣābūnī, and aṭ-Ṭabāṭabāʿī berpendapat bahwa laki-laki berbeda dengan perempuan. Laki-laki mempunyai kemampuan intelektual lebih dibandingkan dengan perempuan. Oleh karena itu, maka kepemimpinan ada di punggung laki-laki.