bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DAHEAN: A Danish Nationwide Study Ensuring Quality Assurance through Real-World Data for Suspected Hereditary Anemia Patients
Authors: Glenthøj Andreas , Rasmussen Andreas Ørslev , Bendtsen Selma Kofoed , Hasle Henrik , Hoffmann Marianne , Rieneck Klaus , Dziegiel Morten Hanefeld , Sjö Lene Dissing , Frederiksen Henrik , Hansen Dennis Lund , Fassi Daniel El , Rathe Mathias , Jensen Peter-Diedrich Matthias , Larsen Anne Winther , Nielsen Christian , Olsen Marianne , Toft Nina , Lorenzen Mads Okkels Birk , Jensen Lise Heilmann , Gudbrandsdottir Sif , Helby Jens , Rossing Maria , Wijk Richard van , Petersen Jesper
Published: February 2024

Background
Hereditary anemias is a group of genetic diseases prevalent worldwide and pose a significant health burden on patients and societies. The clinical phenotype of hereditary anemias varies from compensated hemolysis to life-threatening anemia. They can be roughly categorized into three broad categories: hemoglobinopathies, membranopathies, and enzymopathies. Traditional therapeutic approaches like blood transfusions, iron chelation, and splenectomy are witnessing a paradigm shift with the advent of targeted treatments. However, access to these treatments remains limited due to lacking or imprecise diagnoses.
Results
The DAHEAN study is a nationwide cohort study that collects advanced phenotypic and genotypic data from patients suspected of having hereditary anemias from all pediatric and hematological departments in Denmark. The study deliberates monthly by a multidisciplinary anemia board involving experts from across Denmark. The primary objective of the study is to establish accurate diagnoses for patients with hereditary anemias, enabling optimal management. As a secondary objective, the study aims to enhance our diagnostic capabilities. So far, fifty-seven patients have been thoroughly evaluated, and several have been given diagnoses not before seen in Denmark.
Conclusions
The DAHEAN study and infrastructure harness recent advancements in diagnostic tools to offer precise diagnoses and improved management strategies for patients with hereditary anemias.
Association of Dietary Acid Load and Depression among Iranian Women: a case-control study
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh , Darand Mina , Ghorbani Moloud , Arabi Vahid
Published: February 2024

Background The present study aimed to assess the association between Dietary Acid Load and Depression in Iranian women.Material and methods This case-control study was conducted among 110 depressed women and 220 control subjects from two psychiatric clinics in Tehran, Iran. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire consisting of 168 items was used to assess food consumption in the previous 12 months. The dietary acid load was calculated using the relevant data with 2 validated methods: PRAL and NEAP. The association between depression and PRAL and NEAP was investigated using multivariate logistic regression in crude and adjusted models.Results The findings of the present study showed participants in the highest quartile of PRAL and NEAP had a 4.11- and 4.43-times higher risk of depression than the participants in the lowest quartile, respectively (Odds Ratio (OR)PRAL: 3.52; 95% (CI):1.64 to 7.54, p for trend: <0.001) and (Odds Ratio (OR)NEAP: 4.07; 95% (CI):1.81 to 8.89, p for trend: <0.001).Conclusion there is a significant inverse association between dietary acid load scores (PRAL and NEAP) and the odds of depression in women. However more studies are needed to support these findings in the future.
Assessment of the Validity of the Resilience and Strain Questionnaire in Caregivers of People with Dementia (ResQ-Care-Dem)
Authors: Blotenberg Iris , Wuttke Alexandra , Boekholt Melanie , Köhler Kerstin , Holle Bernhard , Thyrian Jochen René
Published: February 2024

Background
To support informal caregivers of people with dementia, it is crucial to identify sources of stress and burden, recognize early warning signs for timely intervention, and actively promote resilience. The Resilience and Strain Questionnaire in Caregivers of People with Dementia (ResQ-Care-Dem) has been developed to identify particularly vulnerable caregivers as early as possible and to derive specific recommendations for action. This article examines its reliability and construct validity.
Methods
The ResQ-Care-Dem was completed online by n = 243 informal caregivers of people with dementia. The reliability of the two resilience and two burden scales was assessed using Cronbach's alpha as a measure of internal consistency. The factorial structure was examined using a principal axis factor analysis. The convergent validity of the burden scales was assessed by correlations with the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-7). The convergent validity of the resilience scales was assessed using the Caregiver Self-Efficacy Scale (CES-8), the Gain in Alzheimer Care Instrument (GAIN), and the Quality of the Carer-Patient Relationship (QCPR) Questionnaire.
Results
The scales’ internal consistencies ranged between .65 and .81. The factorial structure could largely be confirmed, with the items of the four scales primarily loading on four factors. The burden scales demonstrated the expected high correlations with the ZBI-7 (.51 – .55). As expected, the resilience scales showed moderate to strong correlations with the CES-8 (.50 – .57), the GAIN (.27 – .50), and the QCPR (.28 – .59).
Conclusions
Overall, this study provided evidence supporting the reliability and construct validity of the ResQ-Care-Dem. In particular, the high correlations with other measures of the caregiver's situation suggest that the questionnaire is a concise yet comprehensive instrument for measuring stress and burden, as well as resilience factors in informal dementia caregivers simultaneously.
Development and validation of a risk assessment model for seizure recurrence during anti-seizure medications withdrawal
Authors: zhang yanyan , huang wenwen , zhu shuxia , zhang yuehua , sun jinkai
Published: February 2024

This study is mainly to develop a risk assessment model for seizure recurrence during anti-seizure medications(ASMs) withdrawal in children and to evaluate and validate the model. Retrospective collection of children with epilepsy from January 2018 to December 2020 in the Department of Pediatrics Neurology in Binzhou Medical Universtiy Hospital who were in the process of ASMs withdrawal,They included 142 participants as the training group. The training group was divided into a relapse group and a non-relapse group according to whether the seizures had recurred,Clinical data of the training group were collected and univariate analysis was performed, then multivariate logistic regression was performed on the selected data,The prediction model was presented in the form of nomogram to evaluate the differentiation and calibration degree of the prediction model.Internal validation was also performed. The results showed that the seizure recurrence rates in the training group and the validation group were respectively 28.46% and 25%.By multivariate logistic regression, we found that seizure types, long-term freedom before ASMs withdrawal, abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) before ASMs withdrawal and polypharmacy were independent risk factors.It is showed in the form of a formula and a nomogram.The model has good discrimination and calibration.So we conclude that seizure types, long-term seizure freedom before ASMs withdrawal, abnormal EEG before ASMs withdrawal and polypharmacy are independent risk factors.Based on these four risk factors to build a prediction model can accurately predict the risk probability of seizure recurrence, in order to reduce the ASMs in the early detection of seizure recurrence risk, advance intervention measures.
Monitoring and assessment of heavy metal transfer from soil to Beta vulgaris L. (sugar beet) in Kayseri, Turkey
Authors: BÜLBÜL Hayrun Nisa , LEBLEBİCİ Zeliha
Published: February 2024

In our study, sugar beet plants grown in Yeşilhisar district of Kayseri were used. 6 different locations were selected: Kesik, Dağılgan, Hacılımezarlığı, Kıraç Tepe, Hacıbektaş and the control area (Kilcan). Leaf, beet, root and soil samples were taken from Beta vulgaris plant. Heavy metal (As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Cr) contents were analyzed using ICP-MS device. In terms of sugar beet consumption in Kayseri province, Turkey, determining heavy metal accumulation and health risks will be very important in terms of these metals. Heavy metal concentration levels in sugar beet samples collected from the region are as follows; nickel (Ni) > copper (Cu) > chromium (Cr) > arsenic (As) > lead (Pb) > cadmium (Cd). When As, Cd and Cr elements are compared with the limit values, it is observed that they are within the allowed limits. Cu, Ni and Pb indicate the potential for negative contributions to health through sugar beet consumption. The study reveals health concerns regarding the heavy metal content of sugar beet samples grown in Yeşilhisar, Kayseri province and recommends that necessary measures be taken to reduce the occurrence of Cu, Ni and Pb observed in sugar beet samples from this region.
Including Harvested Grain Related CO2 in Climate Accounting
Authors: Gray Richard Stanley
Published: February 2024

The current international climate greenhouse gas accounting system excludes the CO2 removed from the atmosphere and stored in harvested crops, and the CO2 emissions that occur when crops are oxidized, viewing both fluxes as carbon-neutral activities. Despite being previously described by Searchinger et al. (2009) as a “critical flaw in climate accounting,” all parties within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change continue to treat these CO2 fluxes as carbon-neutral activities. A two-region trade model is used to show that when harvested-grain biomass as carbon-neutral there is an incentive for parties committed to reducing emissions under the Paris Agreement to develop policies that use grains to produce biofuels, with no offsetting policy incentive to produce the grains required to meet this additional demand. A solution to the flaw in accounting is to treat harvested grain CO2 fluxes the same as fossil fuel CO2 and expand National GHG Inventory accounts to include the CO2 sequestered in harvested grains, and the CO2 emissions that occur when grain is consumed. Including these two additional lines in National GHG Inventories would more accurately measure national emissions and would incentivize parties in the Paris agreement to increase net grain exports, thereby enhancing food security while reducing the market incentives for carbon intensive land use conversion in non-compliant countries. Applying this more comprehensive Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) accounting system to Canadian agricultural emissions over the past decade, demonstrates the simplicity of accounting, the magnitude of impacts, and the profound impact on policy incentives.
Application of the needle-thread retained stitch in enterostomy
Authors: Lifeng Xie , Jing Jia , Xinyu Li
Published: February 2024

Purpose intestinal stoma may be performed using various techniques.Each technology has its own unique characteristics.In this report,we report the application of the needle-thread retained stitch in enterostomy.
Methods A prospective cohort study,126 patients who were divided into two groups randomly to perform enterostomy with the needle-thread retained stitch and the traditional intermittent stitch respectively.The enterostomy operation and preoperative general clinical data were recorded,and postoperative complications were observed.
Results enterostomys were performed successfully in 126 patients,68 patients performed the needle-thread retained stitch and 58 patients performed the traditional intermittent stitch).The median enterostomy operative time to create the stoma was 19 min(range,15～26 min)(the needle-thread retained stitch),22 min(range, 17～32 min)(the traditional intermittent stitch).The median blood loss was 1 ml(range,1～10 ml)(the needle-thread retained stitch),2 ml(range, 1～15 ml)(the traditional intermittent stitch).Complications related to stoma occurred in 3 cases (4.41%) in the former, while 5 cases (8.62%) in the latter.Univariate analysis show that the complications related to stoma were correlate with age，BMI, preoperative intestinal obstruction, preoperative leukocyte level, hemoglobin level, plasma albumin level, intestinal edema, postoperative dysuria and pulmonary infection (p＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis show that BMI, preoperative hemoglobin, intestinal edema, postoperative dysuria and pulmonary infection were independent risk factors for enterostomy related complications.
Conclusion The needle-thread retained stitch apply to enterostomy is feasible, safety and reliable, which reduces the incidence of intraoperative complication and postoperative ostomy related complication.It has the value of clinical application and popularization.
Volatile Compounds in Endophyte Infected Festuca arundinacea: Impact on Heteronychus Arator Host Selection
Authors: Qawasmeh Abdel , Raman Anantanaraynan , Wheatley Warwixk
Published: February 2024

Mediterranean (M) and Continental (C) Festuca arundinacea cultivars in Australia are either endophyte–free (E–) or uniquely infected with the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum strain AR542 (EAR542). The impact of volatile oils produced by Mediterranean and Continental cultivars in response to EAR542 on enhancing the grass’s resistance to insects is still largely unknown. In this study, we determined the volatile-oil profiles produced by ME–, CE–, MEAR542 and CEAR542 cultivars and their impacts on the host-selection behavior of H. arator adults. A total of 22 volatile compounds were detected in all F. arundinacea samples tested irrespective of being from Mediterranean or Continental cultivars and with or without endophyte. Octanal, 2-ethylhexanol, dodecane, (Z)-2-hexen1-1-ol, butyl hexanoate, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-octen-3-ol, and butylated hydroxytoluene were the major compounds identified and variably influenced by the germplasm and endophyte infection status. Quantitatively, ME– expressed lesser quantities of 1,6-octandien-1-ol, hexanal, hexanol, 1-octen-3-ol and ethyl-3-hydroxypentanoate compared with CE– but greater quantities of butylated hydroxytoluene and hexylhexanoate. Compared with ME–, the quantities of octanal, 2-ethylhexanol, pentanal, hexanal, undecanal, 1-octen-3-ol, (Z)-2-octen-1-ol and clovene were greater in MEAR542. However, compared with CE–, hexanal, undecanal, undecane, i-octen-3-ol, (Z)-2-octen-1-ol, cloven and butylated hydroxytoluene were greater in CEAR542. In four-choice assay, the percentage of the numbers of H arator adult males choosing one of the choices ME–, MEAR542, CE– or CEAR542 was not significantly different compared to females choosing any of the respective choices. The impact of the germplasm on the host selection of H. arator adults was determined using two-choice assay olfactometer. The H. arator adults significantly (χ2 = 10 d.f. = 1, P < 0.002) preferred ME– compared with CE–. In contrast, the CEAR542 was significantly (χ2 = 26.67, d.f. = 1, P < 0.05) preferred host by same beetles compared with MEAR542. Mediterranean germplasm is different to the Continental germplasm in relation to the quantities of volatile compounds produced and these quantities in Mediterranean and Continental cultivars variably influenced by EAR542 infection. Whether changes in quantities of the volatile compounds in EAR542–infected grasses impose any agricultural or ecological impact require further investigation.
Impact of interstitial lung disease Gender-Age-Physiology index in surgically treated lung cancer
Authors: Sakamoto Shinichi , Kawakita Naoya , Takeuchi Taihei , Sumitomo Hiroyuki , Miyamoto Naoki , Toba Hiroaki , Kondo Kazuya , Takizawa Hiromitsu
Published: February 2024

Background The postoperative prognosis of patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and lung cancer is poor. Recently, the ILD-Gender-Age-Physiology (GAP) index was identified as a clinical prognostic factor for patients with ILD. This study investigated the ILD-GAP index and oncological factors regarding postoperative outcomes.Methods We retrospectively reviewed 87 lung cancer patients with comorbid ILD who underwent curative resection at our institution between April 2005 and December 2019. Short-term postoperative outcomes and overall survival (OS) based on the ILD-GAP index were examined. OS rates after surgery were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and group differences were analyzed using the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate analyses for OS were performed using the Cox regression model.Results Multivariate analyses revealed ILD-GAP index ≥ 4 [Hazard ratio, 3.349; 95% confidence interval, 1.375–8.155; P = 0.008] as a factor associated with OS. In the ILD-GAP index ≥ 4 group, no deaths occurred from primary lung cancer, with respiratory-related deaths being the most common, and exacerbation of ILD was more frequent (P = 0.007). Regarding perioperative results, a significant difference was observed in 90-day mortality (2.7% vs 23.0% [P = 0.022]), and more patients required Home Oxygen Therapy (14.9% vs 69.2% [P༜0.001]) in the ILD-GAP index ≥ 4 group.Conclusions An ILD-GAP index ≥ 4 indicated a poor prognostic factor for patients with surgically treated lung cancer. Careful consideration of surgical indications is essential for patients with an ILD-GAP index ≥ 4.
CRISPR-Cas13a triggered DNAzyme signal amplification-based colorimetric miRNA detection method and its application in evaluating the anxiety
Authors: Yan Na , Hu Zhiwei , Zhang Lingling
Published: February 2024

The development of a bio-sensing strategy based on CRISPR/Cas that is exceptionally sensitive is crucial for the identification of trace molecules. Colorimetric miRNA detection utilizing CRISPR/Cas13a-triggered DNAzyme signal amplification was described in this article. The developed strategy was implemented for miRNA-21 detection as a proof-of-concept. The cleavage activity of Cas13a was triggered when the target molecule bonded to the Cas13a-crRNA complex and cleaved uracil ribonucleotides (rU) in the substrate probe. As a consequence, the S chain was liberated from the T chain that had been modified on magnetic beads (MB). The G-rich sections were then exposed when the catalytic hairpin assembly between the H1 and H2 probes was activated by the released T@MB. G-rich section can fold into G-quadruplex. By catalyzing the formation of green ABTS³– via HRP-mimicking G-quadruplex/hemin complexes, colorimetric measurements of miRNA can be achieved visually through DNAzyme-mediated signal amplification. The method demonstrated a low limit of detection of 27 fM and a high selectivity towards target miRNA eventually. As a result, the developed strategy provides a clinical application platform for the detection of miRNAs that is both ultrasensitive and extremely specific.
Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest - New Insights and a Call for a Worldwide Registry and Guidelines
Authors: Tabi Meir , Perel Nimrod , Taha Louay , Amsalem Itshak , Hitter Rafi , Maller Tomer , Manassra Mohamed , Karmi Mohammad , Zacks Netanel , Levy Nir , Shrem Maayan , Marmor David , Gavriel David , Jarjoui Amir , Shuvy Mony , Asher Elad
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a common, catastrophic event. Genetic diseases and primary electrical disorders are the most common etiologies at younger ages, while ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathies are common causes at older ages. Despite improvement in prevention and treatment in recent years, OHCA is still a major cause of cardiovascular death.
Method
We report prospective data regarding etiology, characteristics, clinical course, and outcomes of patients with OHCA who were admitted to a tertiary care center intensive cardiac care unit (ICCU) between 2020–2023.
Results
A total of 92 patients admitted after OHCA were included in the cohort. Mean age was 63.8 ± 13.8 years old and 75 (82%) were male. The most common etiology of OHCA was acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in 54 (59%) patients, of whom 46 (85%) patients had ST elevation myocardial infarction and 8 (15%) had non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. During hospitalization, 42 (46%) patients underwent targeted temperature management and 13 (14%) received mechanical circulatory support. Interestingly, 77 (84%) patients underwent coronary angiography, while only 51 (55%) received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Neurologic status was favorable in 49 (53%) patients with Cerebral Performance Category score of 1–2. Overall, mortality rates were relatively low, with 15 (16%) in-hospital deaths and 24 (26%) deaths at 30-day follow-up.
Conclusion
Although ACS was the most common etiology for OHCA, only 55% of patients underwent PCI. Most OHCA patients admitted to the ICCU survived hospitalization and were discharged. Increased awareness, public education, worldwide registries, and specific guidelines for the treatment of OHCA patients may lead to improved outcomes for these patients who often carry poor prognoses. A worldwide database may help to better understand and treat these patients.
Gastro-gastric intussusception after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: case report and literature review of an unusual complication.
Authors: Restrepo Hernán Restrepo , Uribe Gabriel Arroyave , Moreno Santiago Barrantes , González Camila Arias , Franco Sara Patiño
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Intestinal intussusception is a rare pathology that usually involves the small intestine and almost always has an identifiable cause in adult patients. It may occur as a rare complication after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. In recent years, due to the sustained increase of obesity in developed and developing countries, there has been an increase in the use of bariatric surgery as a treatment for this pathology, and among the most commonly performed is the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Cases of intussusception have been described in this context, almost always involving jejuno-jejunal anastomosis.
Case presentation: In this article we present a patient who, after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, developed a gastrogastric intussusception, which was corrected with resection of the gastric remnant in a satisfactory manner.
Conclusions: Intussusception after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is a rare complication. It is necessary to have a high degree of suspicion in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms with a history of gastric bypass, and in this cases resection of the affected segment, and not just reduction with or without fixation, is the optical management.
Pachyneuron (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and its relationship to ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): new data from Iran and review of the literature
Authors: Biranvand Amir , Ceryngier Piotr , Vahedi Hassanali , Romasi Fatemeh , Ghobari Hamed , Nedvěd Oldřich
Published: February 2024

Species of Pachyneuron Walker are most often reported as hyperparasitoids of aphids, coccids and psyllids (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha). On the other hand, quite many reports concern hyperparasitism in the predators of Sternorrhyncha, mainly ladybird beetles. In this paper we report on the association of Pachyneuron muscarum (L.) with a ladybird Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) in Kermanshah (Iran). One male of P. muscarum was bred from H. variegata larva parasitized by a primary parasitoid of the genus Homalotylus Mayr (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and the other specimen (female), from a larva of the same ladybird species parasitized by a parasitoid other than Homalotylus. Previously, P. muscarum was reported from Iran in association with several species of coccids and psyllids, as well as predatory lacewing (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and ladybird larvae. A worldwide literature review indicates that at least eight species of Pachyneuron have been reported as hyperparasitoids of ladybird larvae. It may be thus concluded that some Pachyneuron species, being principally hyperparasitoids of Sternorrhyncha, can also hyperparasitize Sternorrhyncha-preying ladybird larvae.
The impact of a multidisciplinary tumour board (MDTB) in the management of colorectal cancer (CRC)
Authors: Schietroma Francesco , Bensi Maria , Calegari Maria Alessandra , Pozzo Carmelo , Basso Michele , Valente Giustina , Caira Giulia , Trovato Giovanni , Spring Alexia , Beccia Viria , Ceccarelli Anna , Perazzo Serena , Chiofalo Laura , Barbaro Brunella , Tatulli Giulia , Alfieri Sergio , De Sio Davide , Lorenzon Laura , Persiani Roberto , Lococo Filippo , Nachira Dania , Giuliante Felice , Ardito Francesco , Cellini Francesco , Panza Giulia , Cozza Valerio , Giovinazzo Francesco , Pafundi Donato Paolo , Sofo Luigi , Santullo Francesco , Tondolo Vincenzo , Tortora Giampaolo , Salvatore Lisa
Published: February 2024

Background: The management of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex process. Defining the disease burden, assessing the radiological response and identifying the right time for surgery or other locoregional treatments are crucial factors. Ensuring the accuracy of evaluations and making decisions about the most appropriate treatment strategy require the involvement of a multidisciplinary tumour board (MDTB) comprising surgeons, medical and radiation oncologists, radiologists, endoscopists, gastroenterologists and pathologists. This study investigates the impact of MDTB on management of CRC in our institution.
Methods: We retrospectively assessed all cases discussed by our MDTB between September 2019 and Aprile 2023. In particular, we colected data concerning radiology (disease control/progression), surgery (yes/no) and radiotherapy indication (yes/no) before and after MDTB meetings. The primary endpoint was the overall raste of discrepancy between pre- and post-discussion evaluations.
Results: Our analysis involved 1150 cases. Median age was 64 years (16-90), 629 patients (54.7%) were male and 915 (79.5%) had metastatic disease at the time of the relevant MDTB discussion. After the meetings, 325 treatment decisions were modified, producing an overall discrepancy rate of 28.3%. In particular: (a) of 648 cases discussed for radiological assessment, 156 decisions (24.1%) were altered after a central imaging review, with 73 cases initially assessed as progressed disease subsequently defined as stable; (b) of 327 cases considered for surgical approach, treament strategy changed in 118 (36.1%). More specifically, 25 cases evaluated as unresectable before the MDTB meeting were considered to be resectable thereafter; and (c) of the 160 cases discussed regarding radiotherapy, the treatment strategy changed in 51 of them (31.9%).
Conclusions: Our analysis demonstrates significant discrepancies between the radiology and locoregional evaluations from both before and after the MDTB meetings. Our results highlight that the discussions of a MDTB can considerably change the management of CRC, maximising the treatment strategy.
Activity-Based Metaproteomics Driven Discovery and Enzymological Characterization of Potential α-Galactosidases in the Gut Microbiome
Authors: Li Nan , Jiang Jianbing , Czuchry Diana , Ru Yanxia , Peng Huipai , Shen Junfeng , Wang Teng , Zhao Wenjuan , Chen Wei-Hua , Sui Sen-Fang , Li Yao-Wang
Published: February 2024

The gut microbiota offers an extensive resource of enzymes, but many remain uncharacterized. To distinguish activities of similar annotated proteins and mine the potentially applicable ones in the microbiome, we developed an effective Activity-Based Metaproteomics (ABMP) strategy using a specific activity-based probe (ABP) to screen the entire gut microbiome for directly discovering active enzymes. Using an activity-based cyclophellitol aziridine probe specific to α-galactosidases (AGAL), we successfully identified and characterized several gut microbiota enzymes possessing AGAL activities. Cryo-electron microscopy analysis of a newly characterized enzyme (AGLA5) revealed the covalent binding conformations between the AGAL5 active site and the cyclophellitol aziridine ABP, which could provide insights into the enzyme’s catalytic mechanism. The four newly characterized AGALs have diverse potential activities, including raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) hydrolysis and enzymatic blood group transformation. Collectively, we present a ABMP platform for facilitating gut microbiota enzyme discovery, biochemical activity annotations and potential industrial or biopharmaceutical applications.
Energy Transition? Yes, Please! - The Discussion about Energy Transition on Instagram
Authors: Schmid-Petri Hannah , Zehe Alessa
Published: February 2024

Background
Different actors use Instagram to mobilize for their cause and to communicate strategically in terms of their interests in the energy transition. Against this background, our study analyzes how the energy transition is framed on Instagram, that is, which aspects of the energy transition are particularly highlighted and emphasized by specific actor groups. Furthermore, we study the visual representations of the energy transition on Instagram, especially the text–image relation.
Methods
To answer the research questions a quantitative content analysis of 907 Instagram posts dealing with the energy transition posted between January 5 and January 16, 2022 was conducted.
Results
The results show that the communication about the energy transition on Instagram is carried out by a multitude of different groups of actors, especially the economic actors. Communication about renewable energy on Instagram is generally optimistic and in support of the energy transition.
Conclusions
Overall our results speak for a lively interest in renewable energies on Instagram. This is also interesting regarding future communication activities, as the young user group of Instagram, can be encouraged to act by suggesting concrete action alternatives for how everyone can commit to a fast and successful energy transition
Evaluating the Safety and Effectiveness of α-Blockers Versus Mirabegron for Medical Expulsive Therapy in Ureteral Calculi: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yan Huilei , Chi Junpeng , Li Xiaoni , Cui Yuanshan , Huang Jing , Cheng Yan
Published: February 2024

Introduction and Aim. The main categories of drugs employed for medical expulsive therapy in patients with ureteral calculi (UC) are alpha-blockers (α-B) and beta-adrenoceptor agonists. This meta-analysis evaluated the safety and effectiveness of α-B versus mirabegron (MIR) in treating UC.
Methods. From January 1980 to December 2023, we extensively searched the MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and EMBASE databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the effectiveness of α-B and MIR in managing UC. Furthermore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out.
Results. The meta-analysis included five publications with 478 patients, comparing α-B with MIR. The stone expulsion rate (SER) was found to be significantly greater in the α-Bgroup than in the MIR group, as indicated by an odds ratio (OR) of 1.64 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11 to 2.43, P = 0.01) in the meta-analysis. However, no significant differences were found between the α-B group and the MIR group for SET (mean difference [MD]: 1.20; 95% CI, -2.71 to 5.10; P=0.55), PE (MD: 0.37; 95% CI, -0.36 to 1.10; P=0.32), or analgesic requirements (MD: 0.79; 95% CI, -0.37 to 1.94; P=0.18). The α-B group exhibited a significantly higher incidence of adverse events compared to the MIR group for orthostatic hypotension (OR 12.16, 95% CI 3.36 to 43.95, P = 0.0001), headache (OR 3.46, 95% CI 1.41 to 8.49, P = 0.007), and retrograde ejaculation (OR 16.30, 95% CI 5.87 to 45.31, P < 0.00001).
Conclusions. Our meta-analysis identified a substantial enhancement in the SER among patients with UC who received α-B therapy instead of those who were administered MIR therapy. Nonetheless, α-B therapy was connected to an increased risk of adverse events.
Diffusion of DNA on Atomically Flat 2D Material Surfaces
Authors: Joo Chirlmin , Shin Dong Hoon , Kim Sung Hyun , Coshic Kush , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Verbiest Gerard , Caneva Sabina , Aksimentiev Aleksei , Steeneken Peter
Published: February 2024

Accurate localization and delivery of biomolecules is pivotal for building tools to understand biology. The interactions of biomolecules with atomically flat 2D surfaces offer a means to realize both the localization and delivery, yet experimental utilization of such interactions has remained elusive. By combining single-molecule detection methods with computational approaches, we have comprehensively characterized the interactions of individual DNA molecules with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) surfaces. Our experiments directly show that, upon binding to a hBN surface, a DNA molecule retains its ability to diffuse along the surface. Further, we show that the magnitude and direction of such diffusion can be controlled by the DNA length, the surface topography, and atomic defects. By fabricating a narrow hBN ribbon structure, we achieved pseudo-1D confinement, demonstrating its potential for nanofluidic guiding of biomolecules. Our work sets the stage for engineering 2D materials for high-throughput manipulation of single biomolecules and their applications in nanobiotechnology.
Intimate Partner Violence among Indian Ever Married Women: Exploring the Insights from Tree-Based Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Chowdhury Pankaj , Saha Aratrika
Published: February 2024

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global concern with severe consequences, encompassing physical, sexual, and psychological harm within relationships. Worldwide, 736 million women have experienced IPV, necessitating urgent attention. In India, despite a slight improvement, IPV remains prevalent, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.Addressing IPV requires understanding its determinants, rooted in societal norms and gender imbalances. This paper aims to bridge research gaps by applying machine learning alongside traditional methods to predict and understand IPV prevalence, considering different socio-economic and socio-demographic factors.
Methods: The study has used data from the fifth round of National Family Health Survey. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the sample characteristics.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was subsequently applied to determine the associations between IPV and associated risk factors. The instances of the prevalence of IPV was analysed using a combination of four distinct machine learning algorithms: decision trees (DTs), random forest (RF), gradient boosting (GB), and logistic regression (LR).
Results:Prevalence of IPV among ever married women is found to be 68.71%.Older age, belonging to Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, being Hindu or Christian, employment status, higher number of children, marrying after 18, lower wealth quintile, husbands' alcohol consumption, regional disparities, rural residence, marital control, decision-making autonomy, justification of beating, and marital dynamics were all significant factors influencing IPV risk.Based on recall and F1 gradient boosting has better predictive performance than other machine learning models considered. The top ten predictors for IPV, included marital control, alcohol consumption, justified beating, region, decision-making autonomy, education years for both spouses, number of children, wealth index, and current working status.
Conclusion: The study aimed to identify women vulnerable to IPV using three tree-based machine learning models on data from a national survey in India. The preference for gradient boosting was highlighted for its higher sensitivity, crucial for accurately identifying women genuinely at risk of IPV.Further the study encompassed the use of logistic regression as a base model for interpretation, revealing hidden patterns and relationships through machine learning analysis. Overall, the research contributes valuable insights into IPV among Indian women within the context of machine learning.
Construction of a SNP fingerprinting of exotic pine germplasm resources in China based on 51K liquid- phased probes
Authors: Wu Yadi , Diao Shu , Ding Xianyin , Huang Qinyun , Luan Qifu
Published: February 2024

【Background】Slash pine (Pinus elliottii), loblolly pine (P. taeda), caribbean pine (P. caribaea) and their hybrid pine are the major timber species in China, which have been introduced from North America for 100 years. Distinguishing them is challenging due to the nutritional organs similarity and the combined characteristics inherited from their parent species in hybrid pines.
【Results】In this study, we aimed at constructing a set of DNA fingerprint of 38 pine varieties including four kinds of pines species for accurately identifying them. The genotypes of 38 pines were captured by 51K liquid-phased probes developed by our team and 5,60,567 SNPs were genotyped by the following next-generation sequencing. A total of 344 core SNPs were obtained through the screening of the minor allele frequency, miss rate, heterozygosity rate and other parameter conditions. Additionally, employing the Random Forest model in conjunction with PCA led to the retention of 28 SNPs demonstrating identification capabilities for the pine varieties.
【Conclusions】The DNA fingerprint of the 38 pine varieties was successfully established using the set of 28 SNPs, which serve as a valuable reference for identifying the exotic pine varieties, managing germplasm , and conducting genetic diversity analysis.
Long-term prognosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection for esophageal cancer in elderly patients
Authors: Konishi Hirona , Urabe Yuji , Nakamura Takeo , Ishibashi Kazuki , Mizuno Junichi , Fukuhara Motomitsu , Takasago Takeshi , Tanaka Hidenori , Tsuboi Akiyoshi , Yamashita Ken , Hiyama Yuichi , Takigawa Hidehiko , Kotachi Takahiro , Yuge Ryo , Ishikawa Akira , Oka Shiro
Published: February 2024

Background
The validity of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in elderly persons with comorbidities remains unclear. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of ESD and additional treatment for ESCC in elderly patients.
Methods
This study retrospectively evaluated the clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes of 398 consecutive elderly patients (age ≥ 65 years) with 505 lesions who underwent ESD for ESCC at the Hiroshima University Hospital between September 2007 and December 2019. Additionally, the prognoses of 381 patients who were followed up for > 3 years were assessed.
Results
The mean patient age was 73.1 ± 5.8 years old. The mean procedure time was 77.1 ± 43.5 min. The histological en bloc resection rate was 98% (496/505). Postoperative stenosis, perforation, pneumonia, and delayed bleeding were conservatively treated in 82 (16%), 19 (4%), 15 (3%), and 5 (1%) patients, respectively. The 5-year overall and disease-specific survival rates were 78.9% and 98.0% (mean follow-up time: 71.1 ± 37.3 months). Multivariate analysis showed that age and the American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification of Physical Status class ≥Ⅲ (hazard ratio: 1.27; 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.59, p = 0.0392) were independently associated with overall survival. A significantly lower overall survival rate was observed in the high-risk follow-up group compared to the low-risk follow-up and high-risk additional treatment groups (p < 0.01). However, no significant difference in disease-specific survival was observed between the three groups.
Conclusions
ESD is safe for ESCC treatment in patients aged ≥ 65 years. However, additional treatments should be considered based on the patient’s general condition.
An object-based approach to Forecasting and Verification of heat waves over India
Authors: Singh Harvir , Dube Anumeha , Ashrit Raghavendra , Srivast Prashant K , Prasad VS
Published: February 2024

Heat waves are one of the most dangerous natural hazards in the world. Higher daily peak temperatures as well as duration, intensity and frequency of heat waves are increasing globally due to climate change. In India, the instances of heat waves have increased in recent years along with their intensity which has resulted in the increased number of casualties. For the purpose of disaster mitigation and reduction of losses due to heat waves, a timely and accurate forecast of these events is required. However, traditional verification methods (which rely on grid-wise comparisons) used for verification of forecasts from high resolution models have a limited utility. In order to assess the utility of these forecasts, spatial verification techniques that can differentiate between forecast and observed features are needed. In this study, we have tried to demonstrate the ability of the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) Unified Model (NCUM) in predicting maximum 2m temperature (Tmax), over the heat wave-prone zones of India. The state-of-art Object-Based Diagnostic Evaluation (MODE) was used for verification of the heat waves. Additionally, applying fuzzy logic enhances the discernment of similarities between forecasted and observed objects, offering a valuable tool for adapting to varying object types and leveraging human knowledge. For instance, in certain scenarios, emphasizing the matching of area sizes may be crucial, while in others, aligning object locations could be more pertinent. In both cases, achieving the desired outcome involves adjusting weights or revising interest maps. This study shows that NCUM forecasts have a southwesterly bias in the location of Tmax objects for values exceeding 43 and 45°C, indicating a potential lag in system propagation. When verified over a season, it is seen that the performance of the model in predicting forecast attributes is rather very good in terms of smaller variation in the median of centroid distance (~150-200 km upto 120 hr lead time), an 83% match in the internal structure of the forecasts with a near perfect curvature ratio (95-97%), a near perfect 50th percentile intensity ratio (98-99%) and the symmetric difference which is small enough to coincide with the observed heat wave zones. In summary, NCUM forecasts demonstrate accurate heat wave predictions in terms of geographical area, structure, shape, and size up to a 5-day lead time, showcasing their potential for effective disaster preparedness.
Effectiveness of malaria education program based on Health Belief Model on improving Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Malaria Prevention among university students in Conakry, Guinea
Authors: Sano Aicha , Sivaratnam Dhashani A/P , Ahmad Norliza , Camara Alioune , Daliwa Yempapou Anissa , Lim Poh Ying
Published: February 2024

Introduction:Malaria is caused by the bites of an infected female mosquito, a vector-borne disease which the parasite is transmitted to humans. Guinea’s whole population is susceptible to getting malaria. The aim of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of the malaria education program using the Health Belief Model (HBM) to improve the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of malaria prevention among university students in Conakry, Guinea.Methods:A clustered randomized controlled trial (RCT) with clustered sampling method was used to select the participants from two universities. Sample size was a total of 162 respondents, with 81 respondents for each group. malaria education program had eight sessions with approximately 6 hours and 30 mins. There were four time points of data collection included baseline, post-test, 2 weeks follow up and 2 months follow up. Intention to treat (ITT) method was used. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) was computed to investigate the effectiveness of the malaria education program on KAP of malaria prevention, after adjusting with covariates.Results:At 2 months follow up, there was 62 (76.5%) and 61 (75.3%) out of 81 in the intervention and control group respectively. This study showed that intervention group had higher knowledge score and practice score at 2 months follow up compared to control group at baseline respectively, adjusted with covariates(P<0.05). Nevertheless, there was no difference in attitude score of the intervention group at post-test, 2 weeks follow up and 2 months follow up compared to control group at baseline respectively, adjusted with covariates (P>0.05).Conclusion:In conclusion, malaria education program could improve knowledge and practice of malaria prevention across time points among university students in Conakry, Guinea. The benefit of having this program is to reduce the burden of malaria in the community through awareness about malaria prevention.Trial Registration:PACTR202102614259601
Biosurfactant production by Pseudomonas: a systematic review
Authors: Araujo Larissa de Souza , Santana Larice Rezende , Otenio Marcelo Henrique , Nascimento Clérison Wagner , Cerqueira Ana Flávia Lawall Werneck , Rodarte Mirian Pereira
Published: February 2024

It is of fundamental interest to research and develop innovative biotechnologies, as well as bioproducts that replace or are alternatives to those of non-renewable origin, such as biosurfactants in relation to traditional surfactants used in various sectors. Consequently, there are a large number of experimental studies addressing different subjects, especially with the use of bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas, however, there is a lack of work that demonstrates the evaluation of this science produced to date. Therefore, this article discusses the production of biosurfactants by Pseudomonas with the aim of surveying and analyzing experimental articles on this topic. To realize this, a systematic search was carried out with well-defined temporal space, databases and inclusion and exclusion criteria, based on metric studies that guided what information would be collected and the method of evaluation. Therefore, a large number of articles were selected, which demonstrated Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the bioagent mostly used in the tests, which aimed to improve the process in the area. Furthermore, interest in this field has increased over the years, predominantly in emerging market countries, where the most prominent authors on the topic are found. Therefore, it is necessary that there is an expansion of interest in the area to make the production of biosurfactants cheaper in areas that currently have greater development deficiencies, such as means of purifying the bioprocess and reducing foam formation in the bioprocess.
Evolutionary and functional analyses of LRP5 in Neanderthals, Denisovans and anatomically modern humans
Authors: Roca-Ayats Neus , Maceda Iago , Bruque Carlos David , Martínez-Gil Núria , Garcia-Giralt Natàlia , Cozar Mónica , Mellibovsky Leonardo , Hul Wim , Lao Oscar , Grinberg Daniel , Balcells Susanna
Published: February 2024

Background
The human lineage has suffered a skeleton gracilization compared to other primates and archaic populations such as the Neanderthals. This gracilization has been traditionally explained by differences in the mechanical load that our ancestors exercised. However, there is growing evidence that gracilization could be also genetically determined.
Results
We have analyzed the LRP5 gene from an evolutionary and functional point of view, taking advantage of the published genomes of archaic Homo populations. Mutations in LRP5 are involved in high bone mineral density conditions. Our results suggest that this gene has a complex evolutionary history both between archaic and anatomically modern humans and within the anatomically modern human populations. In particular, we identified the presence of different selective pressures in archaics and anatomically modern humans, as well as evidence of positive selection in the African and South East Asian populations from the 1000G. Furthermore, we observed limited evidence of archaic introgression in this gene at haplotypes of East Asian ancestry, compatible with a general clearing of the archaic introgression due to functional differences in archaics compared to anatomically modern humans. In agreement with this hypothesis, we observed private mutations in the archaic genomes that we experimentally validated as putatively increasing high bone mineral density. In particular, four of five archaic missense mutations affecting the first β-propeller of LRP5 displayed enhanced Wnt pathway activation, of which two also displayed reduced negative regulation.
Conclusions
In summary, these data suggest a genetic component contributing to the understanding of skeletal differences between anatomically modern humans and archaic Homo populations.