bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fourteen-day E-Cigarette Exposure Disrupts Ventilation Patterns and Serum IL-1B Levels in Adolescent Rats
Authors: Fisher Mila , Peters Alicia M. , Stokes Jennifer A.
Published: January 2024

E-cigarettes are devices used to deliver vaporized liquids often containing nicotine and other chemicals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 14 days of e-cigarette vapor exposure in adolescent rats on lung function and inflammatory cytokine expression. Seventeen male long-evans rats were assigned to vape or air groups. The animals were exposed to either air or 5% nicotine vapor using a whole-body exposure chamber, once a day for ten minutes for fourteen consecutive days. Ventilation recordings were completed on day 0 (before exposure) and day 15 (after exposure) using unrestrained whole-body plethysmography. Both lung tissue and blood was collected for molecular assays. Baseline and post-exposure ventilation data were compared between air and vape groups across three different parameters: frequency, tidal volume, and minute ventilation. These parameters were compared resulting in three distinct 2x2 (time x treatment) Mixed Model ANOVAs. Between baseline and post-treatment measurements there was a significant decrease in values in minute ventilation (p=0.0312) and tidal volume  (p=0.0031). Between treatment groups there was a significant difference in minute ventilation (p=0.0128) and frequency (p=0042). There were also significant alterations to the presence of IL-1B in the serum (p=0.0003), but not lung tissue (p=0.6525). In conclusion, following two weeks of e-cigarette vapor exposure, ventilation patterns were altered in the vapor exposed animals which decreased in tidal volume and minute ventilation suggesting possible impairment of lung function and e-cigarette exposure modified the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1B.
Effects of Technology and Cybercrimes on Business and Social Media
Authors: Nagathota Joshua , Kethar Jothsna , Gochhayat, Ph.D. Sarada Prasad
Published: January 2024

In today’s world, technology has become an ever-growing factor in our lives and ever since COVID-19, we have seen the rise of a digital, AI, world. Technology has greatly developed, evolved, and impacted the world since 2020. It has made lives more accessible in terms of communication and interactions. Instead of commuting to work every day, many businesses turned to ZOOM or TEAMS calls. Instead of having a meet-up with friends, you could Facetime. The world was forced to move online leaving the real world behind. However, many people overlook technology’s impact on today’s world. Cybercrime and cyberattacks are some of the many problems that continue to arise. With the sudden move to the online world, cybersecurity was a term many people hadn’t grasped yet, leading many people to not understand the risk of not protecting their data online. Advancing technology has made many cybercrimes more common because people have personal information online linking bank accounts, addresses, and phone numbers left unprotected. Different cyber attacks include malware and ransomware attacks, identity theft and fraud, phishing and spear phishing, cyber espionage, cyber extortion, crypto-jacking, etc. The sectors that have been most affected are business and social media with Identity theft, spear-phishing, and fraud as leading attacks. The leading cybercrimes for these sectors are identity theft and ransomware attacks. For future generations, people have to learn about cybersecurity and cybercrime. This paper explains what cybercrime and cyber attacks are and how to protect and prevent these attacks.
DETECTION OF CREDIT CARD FRAUD IN REAL TIME USING SPARK ML
Authors: Ugochukwu Cornelius Nwankwo , Josephone Nneka Onuora , Justina Nwamalubia Obi , Nkechi Obiukwu Elizabirth , Ezekiel Okore Uche
Published: January 2024

Assume you have access to a credit card. Your prior spending habits will be investigated. For example, how much money you spend, where it is spent, how frequently it is spent, and what you buy. If your current credit card transaction differs from your historical spending patterns, it is suspected of fraud; otherwise, it is considered as a genuine transaction, and fraud transactions are warned in the dashboard. The predictions are expected to be based on millions of transactions. As result, distributed frameworks that can expand as the number of transactions grows are used. Spark this system for real-time identification of credit card theft is built with Kafka and Cassandra. Preprocessing is accomplished through the use of Spark Machine Learning Pipeline Stages such as String Indexer and Vector.
Estimation of Quality, Safety and Efficacy of Ashwagandhadi Leha Using Chromatographic Technique
Authors: Shrotriya Juliyas , Gawshinde Arpit , Tikariya Komal , Chaurasia Pushpanjali , Soni Shivam
Published: January 2024

Ashwagandhadi leha falls under the category of avaleha-paka group of Ayurvedic formulations. If the raw material to be used in a formulation and routine checking stage by stage processes of manufacture are standardized, the resulted product can be expected to confirmed uniform standard, therefore present study envisaged to develop quality control parameters in order to evaluate the quality, safety and efficacy of the formulation (Ashwagandhadi leha).
Academic Strategies and Behavioral Management Interventions for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). A Survey of Literature.
Authors: Ssirimuzaawo Josephine , Musoke Miph , Kiyingi Pio Frank
Published: January 2024

Globally ADHD affects between 5 to 12 % of school going children (APA, 2013), with 9 to 80% of those children having learning difficulties in school (Ghahramani et al., 2016, Birrah et al.,2018). Yet it is recommended that behavioral therapy is the first line of treatment for children with ADHD (APA 2013, CHAD 2021). From this perspective, strategies for academic and behavioral management interventions are very critical especially to the teacher and parent/caregiver. The major purpose of this review article was to identify, explore and review studies that came up and implemented strategies for academic and behavioral management interventions to address challenges of children with ADHD.A literature search was conducted to identify studies on the topic of ADHD interventions and particularly those with findings on academic and behavioral management intervention strategies, conducted in the period between 2000 to 2022 and written in English were considered, a total of 40 studies met the criterion for inclusion and only (16) sixteen of those were reviewed. The findings of the review implicated that the interventions strategies that targeted both the teacher and the parent such as task modifications, get organized and physical classroom accommodation strategies (peer tutoring, physical structure adjustments) all had a significant impact on the behaviors of children with ADHD both at school and home. However, most of those children studied were taking medication for ADHD and these studies were done on smaller samples for shorter duration, therefore it is imperative that, the ADHD interventions strategies should be implemented for a longer period also on a larger sample.
John W. Harbeson & Donald Rothchild (Eds.) Africa in World Politics: Reforming Political Order. Boulder: Westview Press, 2008.ISBN 13: 9780813343648
Authors: Matsvimbo Tichaona Byson , Mupasu Tatenda Yvonne , Katsidzira Tinashe Brian
Published: January 2024

Sub-Saharan African states have shown signs that they may participate in global politics due to notable economic and political developments that they have attained since their independence in the second half of the 20th century. The end of the Cold War saw African states being integrated into the world economy through multilateral institutions and also applying the new wave of democracy to their systems of governance. This book examines the important trends and developments in the participation of Africa in world politics. The book is divided into 14 chapters. In the first chapter, authors highlights the political and economic challenges that were being faced by sub-Saharan states soon after attaining their independence. States such as Mozambique, Angola, and Rwanda engaged in civil wars for years, while Zimbabwe was resistant to multiparty democracy. The author argues that since 1990, most Sub-Saharan countries have democratized and conducted multiparty elections, as well as opened doors for civil society organizations. The number of democratizing African countries had risen from 2 to approximately a third of all African countries.
Diversidad y dinámica de la edafofauna en un cultivo de pitahaya (hylocerus undatus)
Authors: Cuervo Lagos Lorenzo , Enríquez García Fabián , González Cárdenas Julio César , Rodríguez Cabrera Rocío , Velázquez García Esperanza Patricia
Published: January 2024

El estudio se realizó en el rancho “El Brasil”, ubicado en el municipio de Suchiapa, Chiapas (16°36’08’’N y 93°05’53’’W) teniendo como objetivo investigar la diversidad y la dinámica de la edafofauna en un cultivo de pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus), para determinar la influencia de su cultivo en la comunidad de invertebrados del suelo. Para lo anterior se realizó un muestreo general preseleccionando los sitios al azar, para realizar el análisis de información recolectada, se utilizaron variables como los tipos de órdenes y gremios tróficos de los invertebrados del suelo durante un período de tiempo significativo; del análisis realizado se observa que hay cambios en la composición y la abundancia de la edafofauna en respuesta a las prácticas de cultivo de la pitahaya. El análisis estadístico de los resultados muestra que los herbívoros son los que mejor adaptación presentaron seguidos de los detritívoros; y los depredadores y nectarívoros fueron los que menos se adaptaron.
THE ECONOMICS OF JABARIK CULTIVATION IN ACHIEVING FOOD SECURITY FOR THE FAMILIES OF SMALL FARMERS IN SOUTH KORDOFAN (KADOUGLI LOCALITY), SUDAN
Authors: Mohammed SABOUN Intisar
Published: January 2024

This study was conducted in the South Kordofan state (Kadugli locality) in June 2019 with the aim of knowledge the role of jabriek in investigation household food security for small farmers in the locality. In obtaining information, the study relied on the primary sources represented in the direct questionnaire with the targeted families, in addition to individual interviews. Information was also collected from scientific references and previous studies related to the study. the study targeted 90 male and female farmers, where it relied on sampling randomly, and the data was analyzed by the (SPSS and Excel). The obtained data were presented and summarized in the form of tables and graphs, which contained percentages. Through the results of the study, it became it turns out that 86.6% are cultivating for self-sufficiency and marketing. We find that 39.6%, 4.2%, and 4.2% of small farmers breeding goats, cows and sheep, respectively, to produce milk and benefit from their derivatives. We also find that 21.2 percent of farmers are interested in planting fruit trees in their homes because of their contribution to providing the product from for food and marketing the surplus, and 66.7% of farmers make an effective contribution to the cultivation of these grasses in educating their children in the various educational stages, and also contributes to receiving health services at a rate of 40.8%. There are two planting loops (summer and winter). In the summer loop, the cereal crops are planted such as sorghum and cash crops such as grunts and sesame, while in the winter loop, vegetables are grown, whether they are leafy, carrot or fruit. When comparing women and men in relying on the implantation of gypsophila, there is a greater percentage of women compared to men. Finally, it became clear that there are cumulative experiences of small farmers in the study area through their familiarity with agricultural operations and pest control methods, and their interest in cultivating improved seeds. The study recommendation:  Encouraging families in (rural and urban) to adopt the cultivation of jabrik and home farming, even if it is in the smallest area.  Training small farmers on organic farming and food processing.  Training them on value chains.  Connecting them to marketing channels and markets
FINANCIAL INCLUSION AS A STRATEGIC AXIS TO ENHANCE FINANCIAL STABILITY IN LIGHT OF THE CURRENT TRANSFORMATIONS - MODELS FROM ARAB COUNTRIES –
Authors: MEGHDOUR Fatima Zahra , Ben AYAD Farida
Published: January 2024

This study aims to highlight the most important recent global transformation in the financial and banking sphere financial inclusion ", which was revealed by the 2008 global financial crisis, financial inclusion is a tool that contributes to the delivery of banking services to all segments of society, especially marginalized groups at low cost. and thus, poverty reduction, in addition, to being an important input for the promotion of financial stability, which is an essential strategic objective as it has received considerable attention from field professionals recently, and it has taken the center stage in Government, financial and economic bodies, particularly in the Arab countries. This study is also particularly important because financial inclusion is regarded as a strategic focus for enhancing financial stability, especially given the current challenges and shifts in the world's technological field within the framework of the financial and banking sphere to promote the economies of the Arab countries. The study seeks to respond to the following problems: To what extent can financial inclusion contribute to enhancing financial stability in the current financial transformations in the Arab countries?.
REBELLION AND REJECTION OF HERITAGE IN MODERN HEBREW POETRY
Authors: Fadhel Hammody ALKHAZAALY Shaimaa
Published: January 2024

This research deals with the image of rebellion and the rejection of heritage in modern Hebrew poetry. Poetry is considered a type of literature and one of its important basic forms. One of the literary genres, poetry has played an important role in shaping the cultural identity of nations throughout ancient and modern times. Where the Jewish writers distinguished themselves in this genre as one of the forms of social awareness, which occupies an important place and occupies an e ssential space in mobilizing societies and peoples and enlightening them to struggle for their liberation and crystallizing their revolutionary and civilizational awareness, in addition to the aesthetic function of poetry as an artistic value added to life. The phenomenon of rebellion and the rejection of the heritage emerged in Hebrew poetry in Israel and the departure from the official line of the ruling establishment in the wake of the wars that Israel waged with neighboring countries, the continuation of the occupation, the control of Jewish settlers over the Palestinian lands, and the increase in violence and injustice against the Palestinians. And the outbreak of the Palestinian uprisings since (1987-1993) and (2000) and Israel launched a war on Lebanon in 2006. All of this uttered cries of rebellion and rejection, and then expressed it in many poems. As a result, the phenomenon of rebellion and rejection poetry expanded in recent years. Hence, it can be said that the emergence of the literature of rebellion and rejection in Israel and the refusal of some Jewish writers to politicize literature and recruit it is tantamount to protesting and rebelling against the government and its institutions because they are trying to impose political dictates on their literary and intellectual writings... We will explain in this study the image of rebellion and the rejection of heritage by Jewish poets to the situation The ruling political and repressive practices in Israel and their impact on many poets as fertile material that poets derived and expressed in their poems
WOMEN'S ACADEMIC STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE SELF AND SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT IN VIEW OF CONTEMPORARY CHANGES
Authors: TAHRAOUI lynda
Published: January 2024

This paper offers a qualitative analysis of women's academic strategies to achieve Self and social adjustment in view of contemporary changes. In our study, we attempted to overlook common studies’ interpretations when analysing women's issues, where we objectively investigate the potential that is connected to the perceptions and representations of contemporary women. Besides, the extent to which the values of modernity and progress are present to achieve greatly self- and social adjustment, that is, we seek to highlight the effective values thanks to which women were able to proceed in the path of civilizational development and keep pace with the changes and complexities of modern life, and the coping strategies required to dissolve the contradictions that academic women live with
De la posmodernidad a la transmodernidad: nuevas formas de pensar la relación universidad-mundo
Authors: García García José Luis , López Damián Ariadna Isabel , Chavelas Mendoza José Albar
Published: January 2024

Modernidad y posmodernidad (como narrativas occidentales) comparten un sentido extenso de colonización económica, militar, epistémica, política, cultural y pedagógica. Sin embargo, en el caso posmoderno existe un componente ideológico predominante que se acentuó después de la caída del Muro de Berlín y que no hubiese sido posible alcanzar sin el impacto y amplio margen de influencia de la universidad como herramienta capitalista que permite invisibilizar las fracturas y contradicciones generadas por el modelo económico, naturalizar e interiorizar su cosmovisión y estigmatizar a quien se atreve a dibujar mundos alternativos. Este ensayo reflexiona en torno a los aportes de la filosofía transmoderna (como proyecto societal postcapitalista) de Enrique Dussel en la construcción de un modelo alternativo de universidad, tendiente a la reconexión del ser humano consigo mismo, con otros y con sus entornos. En este trabajo la transmodernidad dialogará de manera permanente con otras teorías críticas y decoloniales con el fin de profundizar el sentido de una nueva educación liberadora para una nueva era del mundo.
para qué de la educación (escolarizada): una mirada desde México
Authors: Heredia Blanca
Published: January 2024

Este texto aborda la pregunta sobre el para qué de la educación a partir de una revisión de la evolución reciente de la política educativa en el caso mexicano. Este mirador puede resultar valioso más allá de México, pues, en muchos sentidos, la experiencia mexicana de las últimas décadas refleja con especial fuerza tendencias y transformaciones más generales con relación a las ideas dominantes en el mundo occidental sobre cuáles deberían ser los fines de la educación escolarizada.
Learning and Living in Times of Collapse: Interview with Margaret Wheatley
Authors: Rincón-Gallardo Santiago
Published: January 2024

Interview with Margaret Wheatley on ways to learn and live in times of collapse.
Republicanismo, democracia y poder: una aproximación teórica al concepto de educación ciudadana
Authors: Morales Zúñiga Luis Carlos
Published: January 2024

Este ensayo realiza una aproximación descriptiva sobre el concepto de ciudadanía y educación para la ciudadanía desde el punto de vista de la teoría social y educativa. Establece relaciones entre estos conceptos y otras categorías teóricas centrales de las ciencias sociales, tales como democracia, republicanismo y poder, con el fin último de posibilitar una reflexión teórica en torno a la concepción y la práctica de la educación para la ciudadanía en la actualidad.
Agendas supranacionales de políticas educativas para la educación secundaria en Latinoamérica
Authors: Navarrete Cazales Zaira
Published: January 2024

El presente trabajo tiene el objetivo de presentar una revisión de las políticas educativas planteadas a partir de entidades supranacionales para reconocer la manera en la que impactan en el desarrollo y transformación del nivel secundaria en América Latina. A partir de una metodología cualitativa de corte documental se encontró que la región aún enfrenta grandes desafíos relacionados con la segmentación educativa y la universalización en vínculo con la atención al acceso, la permanencia y el egreso; los recursos económicos que se destinan al nivel formativo desde las naciones, la capacitación del cuerpo docente y la desigualdad en los sistemas educativos que se presenta como una limitante en su crecimiento. Así, los retos relacionados con la expansión de la secundaria se vinculan con la diversificación, el acceso, la calidad, el rezago y la deserción, por lo que es importante trabajar sobre las agendas nacionales para adaptar los planteamientos de las entidades supranacionales a los requerimientos de cada país, para lograr la atención a las inequidades sociales y favorecer la inclusión educativa.
EMPOWERING EDUCATORS TO TEACH ONLINE READING, LEARNING, AND COMPREHENSION SKILLS ON THE EXAMPLE OF ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
Authors: Kerneža Maja , Kordigel Aberšek Metka , Sari Hakan , Kılıç Metin , Öztürk Emre , Aberšek Boris , Zemljak Dejan
Published: January 2024

Reading and learning are changing rapidly in today's world, and educational systems sometimes fail to keep pace. To define the needs related to reading in the modern world, the Stavanger Declaration was written, stating that students should be taught online reading and learning strategies. Educators must also adapt to this. As part of the Learning, Teaching, and Training (LTT) activities, participants (21 individuals from different levels of education) were introduced to the Internet reciprocal teaching (IRT) method. The basis of this research was to find out whether we can empower educators to teach online reading, learning, and comprehension skills in a short training session using the ubiquitous topic of ecological problems as an example. We were also interested in whether a short program that empowers educators to use IRT in their classroom can influence teachers to develop students' digital literacy in their pedagogical work. The results show that the ecological issue, with its timeliness and universal presence in our lives, is an appropriate topic for educators to teach digital literacy. The participants were successful in solving the set tasks, and all of them answered that they would use the IRT method in their future pedagogical work.
Keywords: digital literacy, ecological problems, internet reciprocal teaching method, problem-solving, teacher training
Empowering Electronic Health Record Systems (EHRs) with Cloud Storage Management
Authors: Yash Shinde  , Mr. Sharad Adsure  , Satyam Sakore  , Omkar Jadhav  , Tejas Bhandvalkar
Published: January 2024

We present a novel method for building cloud based interoperable electronic health record (EHR) systems. All members of the healthcare ecosystem, including patients, providers, and payers, can benefit from cloud computing in a number of ways. The exchange of healthcare information among diverse stakeholders has been significantly hampered by the lack of standardised data interoperability. In order to solve this problem, semantic interoperability is used. With the use of a reference model that outlines a common set of data structures and an archetype model that details the characteristics of clinical data, we employ a general design technique. The loosely connected, asynchronously communicating components of the application are created utilising the cloud component model technique. This article discusses our methods for attaining semantic interoperability, data integration, and high-level architecture of our EHR system.
Analysis of a Fuzzy Based Intrusion Detection System in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Tarun Kumar Gaur  , Ashish Gupta  , Anuradha Pathak
Published: January 2024

Technology and its growth is considerably enormous. This massive growth allows the opening of new fields of application in the domain of wireless networking and mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) is one of its kinds. Mobile ad hoc network is widely used from collaborative computing to time critical applications in indoor and outdoor environment. Mobility of ad hoc network makes very attractive in all areas of mobile applications. Nodes participating in mobile ad hoc networks are autonomous, self-configurable and act as a router as well. These types of networks are dynamic in nature and have sort life time. Dynamic nature and limitations of the wireless transmission medium make MANET unsecured and vulnerable to various attacks. It is very tough to implement security for this networks and it opens up doors for further research work on this area. There is a great scope for designing a system to identify attacks and take countermeasures to minimize it and keep the performance of the network within acceptable limits. Intrusion detection system is one of its kinds and considered as security mechanism for MANET. This thesis explores different types of intrusion detection system like misuse detection and anomaly detection for mobile ad hoc networks. Anomaly detection techniques for ad hoc networks depend on the characterization of normal behavior pattern of wireless nodes. This research work focuses on wireless node behavior based detection technique. Most of anomaly intrusion detection systems are focusing on upper layer traffic to a profile normal behavior of wireless node. This research work focus on media access control (MAC) layer and network layer of wireless node. It is inefficient to use a large feature set of MAC layer and network layer due to energy limitation in ad-hoc network. A minimal feature set from MAC layer and network layer were proposed. This research work proposed an anomaly intrusion detection system for mobile ad hoc network using fuzzy logic and weighted average method. The network performance of mobile ad hoc network with intrusion detection system was analyzed using various network parameters. Further the performance of the performance of the intrusion detection system was analyzed using detection rate and false alarms. Results show good improvement in detection rate and other performance metrics
Penerapan Prinsip-Prinsip Esensialisme dalam Pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA) Kelas IV di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Irawan M. Ferry , Bella Sinta
Published: January 2024

Upaya penyelesaian target materi sesuai kurikulum yang berlaku, seringkali menyebabkan pendekatan pembelajaran yang fokus ke banyaknya materi yang diajarkan daripada memastikan siswa benar-benar mengerti setiap hal yang diajarkan. Prinsip esensialisme mendorong fokus pada pemahaman konsep-konsep kunci, bukan hanya pada cakupan luas materi. Di tengah diskusi tentang berbagai pendekatan pembelajaran dalam pendidikan IPA di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, pertanyaan muncul mengenai relevansi dan penerapan prinsip-prinsip esensialisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan prinsip-prinsip esensialisme dalam pembelajaran IPA di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Nurul Qomar palembang. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan mengikuti dari Miles and Huberman. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan prinsip esensialisme dalam pembelajaran IPA di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah memiliki dampak positif yang signifikan. Penerapan prinsip esensialisme membantu siswa memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang konsep-konsep dasar IPA, fokus pada inti pengetahuan dan keterampilan, dan meningkatkan minat mereka dalam mata pelajaran tersebut. Oleh karena itu, pendekatan ini dapat menjadi dasar yang kuat untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan dasar terkhusus dalam bidang IPA.
Inovasi Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Era Industri 4.0
Authors: Harimawan Harimawan , Rahardjo Arif Budi , Harianto Eko
Published: January 2024

Perkembangan industri 4.0 menjadi tantangan bagi dunia pendidikan, termasuk pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI). Para guru dituntut untuk dapat menghadapi tantangan yang lebih kompleks. Ada banyak kompleksitas tantangan revolusi industri 4.0 di bidang pembelajaran PAI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang inovasi pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam industri 4.0 di SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Bantul. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif yang disampaikan dengan deskriptif. Inovasi pembelajaran PAI diaplikasikan dengan istilah “Kaizen” yang berasal dari bahasa Jepang pada konsep Continuous Incremental Improvement. Adapun Kaizen tersebut meliputi 5 tahap yang memiliki awalan “S”, yaitu: Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, dan Shitsuke.
KONSEP DAN STRUKTUR PERSEMBAHAN DALAM RITUAL MAMAPAK ETNIK RUNGUS DI SABAH
Authors: Esterlina Moo Chin Len Lazarus  , Muhammad Fazli Taib bin Saearani
Published: January 2024

ABSTRAK

Kertas ini membincangkan konsep dan struktur persembahan ritual mamapak yang berkaitan secara langsung dengan Pesta Magahau etnik Rungus. Kehidupan harian etnik Rungus dahulu terikat dengan amalan kepercayaan tradisi, adat istiadat dan juga pantang larang yang telah diwarisi. Melaksanakan ritual mamapak sebelum mengadakan sebarang bentuk keramaian atau pesta adalah wajib dilakukan bagi tujuan keselamatan dan perlindungan mereka daripada gangguan kuasa-kuasa ghaib. Dengan demikian, perayaan hanya akan dijalankan setelah upacara ritual selesai dilaksanakan. Objektif kajian ini adalah menjelaskan konsep dan bentuk asal struktur persembahan ritual mamapak.  Kajian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif yang melibatkan kaedah perpustakaan dan kerja lapangan seperti temu bual berfokus, pemerhatian dan rakaman audio visual. Hasil pemerhatian dan analisis mendapati bahawa faktor perkembangan dan penerimaan agama Kristian dalam kalangan etnik Rungus telah mengubah kepercayaan lama dan amalan tradisional sebelumnya. Seterusnya, mengadaptasi persembahan tradisi kepada bentuk yang relevan dan sejajar dengan kehidupan semasa etnik Rungus. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini dapat menerangkan konsep dan struktur persembahan ritual mamapak etnik Rungus, dan memastikan kelestarian warisan tradisi untuk tatapan generasi Rungus seterusnya.

Kata Kunci: Ritual mamapak, struktur persembahan, Rungus, tradisional, Sabah

 

ABSTRACT

This paper discusses the concept and structure of the Mamapak ritual performance that is directly related to the Magahau festival of Rungus ethnicity. The daily life of the Rungus ethnic group used to be tied to the practice of traditional beliefs, customs and taboos that had been inherited. Performing the Mamapak ritual before holding any kind of gathering or party is mandatory for the purpose of their safety and protection from the interference of supernatural forces. Thus, the celebration will only be carried out after the ritual ceremony has been completed. The objective of this study is to explain the concept and original form of the Mamapak ritual presentation structure. This study uses a qualitative methodology involving library methods and field work such as focused interviews, observations and audio visual recordings. The results of observation and analysis found that factors of the development and acceptance of Christianity among the Rungus ethnic group have changed the old beliefs and previous traditional practices. Next, adapt the traditional performance to a form that is relevant and in line with the current life of the Rungus ethnic group. Accordingly, this study can explain the concept and structure of the Mamapak ritual performance of Rungus ethnicity, and ensure the sustainability of traditional heritage for the next generation of Rungus.

Keywords: Mamapak ritual, performance structure, Rungus, traditional, Sabah
The Role of English Fiction in North Borneo: An Analysis of Short Stories in English News Dailies from 1949 to 1963
Authors: Alvin Azril Mahat  , Sim Chee Cheang
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

The focus of this paper is the role of English news dailies published from 1949-1963 in North Borneo during the British North Borneo Company (BNBC) administration which began its operations in Sandakan from 1881 to 1941. This paper aims to uncover the cultural expression, social commentary, and political discourse, offering a glimpse into the concerns, and aspirations of the local community through an analysis of short stories published in two particular English News dailies which is 'Anak Sabah' and 'North Borneo News,' A mixed-methods approach that utilizes Stephen Greenblatt’s (2000),(2005) New Historicism and archival analysis, textual analysis, and content analysis is employed to achieve the objectives of this research. Because historicism, history, and literature are intertwined (Bakar et al., 2022) it is and short stories have a rich and enduring history, akin to a perennial river that flows with renewed vigour and an ever-expanding array of variations (Thambi Jose, 2019), the findings will unravel the connections between the fiction in the non-fiction world that influenced the social cultural contexts that shaped the literary heritage of Sabah.

Keywords: Short stories, English News Dailies, British North Borneo Company, new historicism.
TARIAN PINAKANG DALAM MAJLIS MONGUKAS: SATU MANIFESTASI ADAT ETNIK KIMARAGANG DI DAERAH KOTA MARUDU, SABAH
Authors: Victor Pangayan  , A S Hardy Shafii
Published: January 2024

ABSTRAK

Etnik Kimaragang merupakan salah satu penutur bahasa dusunik yang bernaung dibawah rumpun Kadazan Dusun dan banyak mendiami kawasan dataran tanah tinggi dan juga kawasan lembah di Daerah Kota Marudu dan Pitas. Sehingga kini, etnik Kmaragang masih menarikan tarian Pinakang dalam semua acara keramaian termassuk acara Mongukas. Acara mongukass diadakan bagi memperingati kematian oleh ahli keluarga dan waris. Dalam acara ini, tarian Pinakang wajib dipersembahkan bagi memeriahkan majlis tersebut. Tarian Pinakang yang dipersembahkan adalah sebuaha manifestasi adat etnik Kimaragang yang sudah kurang dihayati oleh generasi modern. Oleh itu, data secara in-depth interview dikutip terhadap beberapa orang informan utama dan kaedah analisis diskriptif digunakkan bagi mengungkapkan isi sebenar data yang diperolehi.

Kata Kunci: Etnik Kimaragang, Tarian Pinakang, Mongukas, Adat, Kepercayaan

 

ABSTRACT

The Kimaragang ethnic group is one of the Dusunic language speakers who live under the Kadazan Dusun group, and many of them live in the hills and valleys of the Kota Marudu and Pitas Districts. Until now, the Pinakang dance has attracted the Kmaragang ethnic group throughout all public occasions, including the Mongukas ceremony. The Mongukas ceremony is organized to remember family members and heirs who have died. To bring the celebration to life, the Pinakang dance must be perform. The Pinakang dance reflects Kimaragang ethnic practices that the current generation has overlooked. As a result, in-depth interview data from multiple key informants was collected, and descriptive analytic methods were utilized to describe the substance of the actual data obtained.

Keywords:  Kimaragang Ethnic, Pinakang Dance, Mongukas, Customs, Beliefs
RELIGION TURNED 'POLITICS': SAUDI-IRAN RELIGIOUS OUTREACH
Authors: MUHAMMAD IHSAN SANDJAYA  , HANIF ABDURAHMAN SISWANTO
Published: January 2024

The Saudi Arabia-Iran rivalry or the Middle East Cold War, exceeds the region when it touches religious regards, which is the religious outreach that the two peripheral regional powers conduct to the Muslim world. This paper aims to explain the religious outreach of Saudi Arabia and Iran, with Indonesia as the main case study. The research also aims to discuss the recent changes in policies and attitudes of Saudi Arabia regarding its religious ideology and the obstacles that Iran is facing in its Islamic revolution. This research found that Saudi Arabia’s religious outreach is decentralized, rapid, and large, while Iran as centralized, quick, and light. Wahhabism-Salafism as an ideology is not limited only in the religious domain, it touches on various domains which is taken as precaution for the moderates, as it leads to uncontrolled and undesirable interpretation which can affect the Saudi’s image. Saudi’s Vision 2030 is a series of rapid efforts the kingdom pursue that includes transforming Saudi’s religious ideology. Whereas Iranian’s centralized religious outreach contributed to the effectiveness and acceptance by the Muslim world, which is predominantly Sunni-Muslim. Although Iran is successful in carrying it out, it is less likely to touch various aspects that are desired.
ANALYSIS OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION (FAO)'S ROLE IN REALIZING SDG'S "ZERO HUNGER" IN CONFLICT COUNTRIES CASE STUDY: YEMEN
Authors: ZAHRA AMALIA  , AURELIA PUTRI NOVERI  , IDA SUSILOWATI
Published: January 2024

The writing of this article aims to analyze the role of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in responding to the food crisis in Yemen as a Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)'s goal.  This research uses a systematic review with qualitative research methods sourced from previous research such as journals, websites, and books to analyze more deeply the role of FAO on the issue of food security in Yemen. This is evidenced by the food crisis in Yemen in 2008 due to the increase in global food prices and 2011 Yemen was hit by a known issue of civil unrest as the Arab Spring which makes the security situation continue to deteriorate.  As the FAO proves Yemen is facing the world's largest food security crisis. The agricultural sector is one of the sectors most affected by this crisis. The FAO has an action plan in response to the Yemeni crisis.  The purpose of this study is to determine the role of FAO in realizing SDG's "zero hunger" in Yemen, which is a conflict country. The study found that FAO collaborates with International Organizations comprehensively focused on recovery and development. This shows that FAO has an important role in realizing SDG's "zero hunger" against the food crisis in Yemen.
THE COMPARISON BETWEEN CHINA AND THE UNITED STATE (US) RIVALRY IN COVID-19 VACCINE INDUSTRY: AN EXMINATION FROM INDONESIAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: RIDHA NAHDHIYAH ALMA AMALIYAH  , ALI MAKSUM
Published: January 2024

The trade war between the US and China has not ended so far; coupled with the outbreak of Covid-19 outbreak, the two countries are increasingly demonstrating their hegemonic power in their way; China, with its Belt Road Initiative, and the US, which has long been the ruler of the world. We can see vaccine competition between the US and China from the many vaccine companies in the two countries circulating in the world. This study aims to analyze Indonesia's response to vaccine competition between China and America using the hegemonic theory. In this study, the authors used qualitative methods. The author argues that by using free and active Indonesia Foreign Policy from Indonesia's point of view, Indonesia's response to the two countries is still neutral, such as how Indonesia responds to the competition between the two countries, starting from the Vaccine Cooperation with Russia, making its vaccines, to Indonesia's position as a Non-Aligned country. However, it does not rule out the possibility that Indonesia will not receive the full aid quota from the two countries.
TAX COMPLIANCE ECONOMY AMONGST TAXPAYERS IN KOTA KINABALU
Authors: Mohaneswari a/p Renganathan  , Junainah Jaidi
Published: January 2024

The gig economy is a term used to describe an economic activity in which many short-term jobs are available, rather than permanent jobs, and is considered one of the various business models in the gig economy. This study examines taxpayers' views on their level of taxpayer awareness, trust in government and tax socialization on tax compliance in the gig economy. This paper therefore provides new insights into tax compliance studies by introducing the concept of gig entrepreneurship, which is increasingly becoming a popular segment of the economy, especially among the younger generation. The study was conducted among 10 participants in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah and an in-depth interview was used to collect data for this study. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study can be useful for the government to create a clear tax framework in promoting the gig economy in order to expand the tax base for the government.
Treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease
Authors: Jhun Byung Woo
Published: January 2024

Background: Nontuberculous mycobacteria are mycobacteria other than those that cause tuberculosis and leprosy and can cause infections in various parts of the body, predominantly the lungs. Of approximately 200 species of nontuberculous mycobacteria, only about 10 are linked to pulmonary infections, with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) being the most common.Current Concepts: The standard treatment for pulmonary diseases caused by the MAC is combination therapy, including macrolide antibiotics and other antibiotics such as ethambutol and rifampin. Among macrolide antibiotics, azithromycin and clarithromycin are commonly used for managing MAC pulmonary diseases, and in cases with extensive lesions, amikacin injections are administered concurrently during the initial stages of treatment. Ensuring an overall treatment duration of an additional 12 months after negative culture conversion is recommended in affected patients. However, despite an extended treatment period, the cure rate remains at 60~70%. Recently, an inhalable liposomal form of amikacin, marketed as ARIKAYCE, has been developed. It has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as an effective treatment for refractory MAC pulmonary diseases. When ARIKAYCE was used for an additional 6 months or more in patients with refractory MAC pulmonary diseases, approximately 29% of patients achieved additional treatment success. However, it has yet to be officially imported into South Korea, and a high monthly cost restricts its practical use in the country. Therefore, the treatment of MAC pulmonary disease in South Korea will remain a challenge, unless a more effective treatment emerges.Discussion and Conclusion: MAC pulmonary disease requires long-term combination antibiotic therapy, usually with macrolides, ethambutol, and rifampin, and amikacin injections are recommended for cases with extensive lesions. The lack of effective drugs hampers treatment, increasing the burden of antibiotic side effects. Therefore, more research is urgently needed for better treatment of MAC pulmonary disease.
Non-pharmacological treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: nutrition, exercise, and environmental management
Authors: Park Youngmok
Published: January 2024

Background: Globally, the prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) has significantly increased. Consequently, interest in non-pharmacological treatment approaches has risen.Current Concepts: Nutritional and immunological status plays a pivotal role in the onset, treatment, and prognosis of NTM-PD. A lower body mass index is associated with an increased disease risk. Reduced abdominal fat and hypoalbuminemia have also been linked to the progression of NTM-PD. As a result, nutritional therapy aims to overcome underweight and meet energy, protein, and micronutrient requirements. In addition, exercise, and respiratory rehabilitation are essential for patients. Moderate aerobic and strength training is recommended, while strenuous activities need to be avoided, especially in cases of hemoptysis. Environmental management includes minimizing exposure to potential NTM sources like aerosols from showers, public baths, and gardening. Recommendations include regular cleaning of showerheads, adequate bathroom ventilation, and avoiding public baths and indoor swimming. For patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, consuming water boiled for at least 10 minutes is advised.Discussion and Conclusion: Although antibiotics remain central to NTM-PD treatment, they may not be suitable for every patient due to their potential side effects. Therefore, a comprehensive approach encompassing nutritional management, exercise, and environmental control is essential. Continued research into developing non-pharmacological interventions remains vital for holistic treatment strategies to address NTM-PD.
Assessing the influence of forest therapy on maternal health: a medical perspective and recommendations
Authors: Lee Kyung Ju
Published: January 2024

Background: The health promoting benefits of greenness exposure were addressed before, during, and after pregnancy. Addressing the low-birth-rate issue of Korea, this review focuses on forest-based interventions to assess the mental and physical health of pregnant women in green environments, both nationally and internationally. It also proposes the utilization of green environmental resources as a strategy to improve maternal health and address the low-birth-rate issue.Current Concepts: Keyword search was done using PubMed, Web of Science, and Research Information Sharing Service (RISS) databases manually for references of retrieved papers until September 2023. Keywords included forest, greenness, and antenatal education. Of 107 potentially relevant papers related to prenatal education in forest or green environments, 12 papers were finally analyzed (comprising six domestic and 6 international academic journals). Overall, these papers showed at least moderate levels of bias. This review explored the influence of green spaces, forest activities, and psychological wellbeing on pregnant women. When analyzing pregnancy outcomes about green environments, differences between domestic and international studies became evident due to age, location, sample size, study design, and female participation rates.Discussion and Conclusion: The primary assessment tools focused on mental health, stress levels, quality of life, and overall psychological wellbeing. Domestic studies emphasized stress, anxiety, life satisfaction, inner peace, and maternal identity during pregnancy, while international research underscored the positive impact of green environments on pregnancy outcomes.
An investigation of the current status of the new Health Technology Assessment in Korea and factors influencing assessment results
Authors: Kang Jihyeon , Kim Jinho , Shin Chae-Min , Park Boyoung
Published: January 2024

Background: This study aims to evaluate factors influencing assessment results in the new Health Technology Assessment (nHTA) in Korea.Methods: We analyzed publicly available nHTA reports obtained from the program’s website. A total of 258 reports, encompassing 305 technologies, were included. Reported details were categorized into three main areas: technical characteristics, evaluation methods, and publication types. To investigate differences in evidence level (high, medium, or low) and assessment results (pass or fail) according to these categories, we employed a chi-squared test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were further conducted to identify factors associated with evidence level and assessment results.Results: nHTA reports employing meta-analysis and included randomized trials for evidence synthesis exhibited a higher likelihood of achieving high evidence level (odds ratio [OR], 5.008; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.265- 18.826 and OR, 27.052; 95% CI, 7.802-103.330, respectively). Increasing evidence level was significantly associated with a higher possibility of passing the assessment (OR 2.789; 95% CI, 1.284-6.057). However, in univariate analysis, neither performing meta-analysis nor including randomized trials, both of which were associated with evidence level, demonstrated a statistically significant association with assessment results.Conclusion: This study represents the first systematic analysis of factors influencing nHTA assessment results in Korea. While increased evidence level was associated with positive assessment outcomes, factors affecting the evidence level itself did not directly influence assessment results. This suggests the need for further efforts to effectively integrate high-level evidence into assessment decisions within the nHTA program.