bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Structured Exercise Program on Tenderness and Cyclic Mastalgia in Obese Women: An Experimental Study
Authors: Bhojwani Muskan , Patil Shubhangi , Deshpande Shruti
Published: January 2022

Background: Cyclic Mastalgia affects women who are menstruating in their 20s, 30s, or 40s. This pain starts about a week before commencing menstruation. During this period, the breasts become sore, tender, and swollen, though symptoms improve later in the cycle or it may be so severe that the patients cannot wear tight fitting clothes or they becomes irritable. The discomfort usually occurs outside and upper portions of both breasts, and it may even affect underarms. Cyclical Mastalgia is a common condition associated with a higher risk of breast cancer. Mastalgia is common ailment that affects about 70% of women and has negative impact on their quality of life. Many scientists believe that the cause of cyclic mastalgia lies in a mix of hormonal activity and something in the breast that reacts to it. Mastalgia is a term used to describe women's discomfort with their breasts, although doctors usually neglect it.

Methods: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 30 women will be selected for the study. A questionnaire of breast pain based on the McGill Pain Questionnaire, and a Cardiff chart, will all be employed as outcome measures. The individuals' pre-intervention scores will be collected, and they will be given an exercise routine to follow for four weeks, three times per week. The outcomes of the intervention will be measured afterwards. Our protocol will cover weeks of treatment. Reqular assessment will be carried out.

Discussion: This study was done to find out effectivness of exercise program in obese womens with breast mastalgia and tenderness.
Modelling of Soil Profile Pollutant Yield on Slaughterhouse Wastes Deposited Land
Authors: Daniel Ogbebor , John Ugbebor N. , Yusuf Momoh O. L. , Onyedikachukwu Ndekwu B.
Published: January 2022

Aim: The study aimed at modeling the concentration of pollutants along soil profile using finite element method.

Study Design: Data was generated from the laboratory on the concentrations of selected heavy metals at varying depths of land discharged slaughterhouses. This was used to estimate the level of nutrient build-up in the soil within these environs, hence, used to verify and validate the finite element analysis. The model upon validation was used to predict the rate of pollutant build-up in the soil within the slaughterhouses discharge areas.

Methodology: A total of twelve composite samples were collected from three different land discharged locations. The three composite samples each were collected from the sampling locations at a depth of 0 to 10cm, 10 to 20cm, 20 to 30cm and 30 to 40cm. Four composite samples each were collected for analysis from the three sampling locations on specified sampling dates. The samples were then placed in sterile polythene bags and transported to the laboratory for processing. The laboratory results obtained for heavy metals were used for the generated model verification and validation, hence predictions for pollutants accumulation was done on a time step.

Results: Model verification showed a good fit of a nonlinear polynomial curve for both the measured and predicted values with R² values of 0.9978 to 0.9985 for zinc and 0.9978 to 0.9984 for lead at a selected time step of 15years. It was observed however, that there was an increasing tendency to uniformity of concentration as the time step increased; this was due to parameters build-up with time in the soil.

Conclusion: Finite element results revealed a high build-up in the concentration of pollutants (Zinc and Lead) in the land discharged slaughterhouses.
An Ancient Art form to a Therapeutic Intervention- Belly Dancing & Women’s Health
Authors: Kamath Taarini , Nair Aishwarya
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Dance or movement therapy has been proved to have a curative power for ages. Physical fitness is controlled by a combination of the potential the person has in doing his/her own regular activity and genetically inherited capability. Belly dance is an expressionistic type of dance that initially originated in Egypt which lays emphasis on complex movements of the trunk. Belly dancing has gracefully swayed its way to mainstream cardiovascular and musculoskeletal fitness all over the world, with significant impact on women’s health.

Objective: To provide concise overview of Belly dancing and its effects on women’s health.

Methods: A Search of PUBMED, CINHAL, Google Scholar. database was conducted to find relevant studies in relation to Belly dancing as a therapeutic intervention in the paradigm of women’s health. The studies that met with the inclusion criteria were included in this review.

Results: This review provides a crisp understanding of the impact of Belly dancing on several pathologies namely, breast cancer, urinary incontinence, fibromyalgia, malignancies and low back pain. It also discusses about the biomechanical aspects of abdomen and pelvis that are involved during belly dancing.

Conclusion: The study provides an up-to-date outline of the existing literature on Belly Dancing and women’s health. It lays emphasis on the effects of belly dancing as an intervention used to enhance women’s health cohesively.
EL CLAPCS Y EL DESARROLLO DE LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES EN RÍO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Blois Juan Pedro
Published: January 2022

Este artículo se propone dar cuenta del impacto del Centro Latino-Americano de Pesquisas em Ciências Sociais (CLAPCS) en las ciencias sociales de Rio de Janeiro a mediados del siglo pasado. A partir de la reconstrucción de sus principales iniciativas (que incluyeron la realización de relevamientos empíricos, el trabajo de documentación y la edición de publicaciones, entre las que se destaca la célebre revista América Latina), se busca mostrar que, lejos de un “enclave” -orientado predominantemente “hacia afuera”-, el CLAPCS fue una institución central en el escenario de las ciencias sociales cariocas que, al tiempo que multiplicaba las oportunidades de trabajo, irradiaba una cultura científica basada en la investigación empírica, de escaso arraigo local. El análisis está basado en un amplio corpus empírico (entrevistas, documentos y publicaciones del CLAPCS, diarios de la época) producido en el marco de una investigación colectiva más amplia donde la presente contribución se inscribe.
Genome‐wide DNA methylation profiling and identification of potential pan‐cancer and tumor‐specific biomarkers
Authors: Ibrahim Joe , Op de Beeck Ken , Fransen Erik , Peeters Marc , Van Camp Guy
Published: January 2022

DNA methylation alterations have already been linked to cancer, and their usefulness for therapy and diagnosis has encouraged research into the human epigenome. Several biomarker studies have focused on identifying cancer types individually, yet common cancer and multicancer markers are still underexplored. We used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to investigate genome‐wide methylation profiles of 14 different cancer types and developed a three‐step computational approach to select candidate biomarker CpG sites. In total, 1991 pan‐cancer and between 75 and 1803 cancer‐specific differentially methylated CpG sites were discovered. Differentially methylated blocks and regions were also discovered for the first time on such a large scale. Through a three‐step computational approach, a combination of four pan‐cancer CpG markers was identified from these sites and externally validated (AUC = 0.90), maintaining comparable performance across tumor stages. Additionally, 20 tumor‐specific CpG markers were identified and made up the final type‐specific prediction model, which could accurately differentiate tumor types (AUC = 0.87–0.99). Our study highlights the power of the methylome as a rich source of cancer biomarkers, and the signatures we identified provide a new resource for understanding cancer mechanisms on the wider genomic scale with strong applicability in the context of new minimally invasive cancer detection assays.
Stretchable PDMS Encapsulation via SiO2 Doping and Atomic Layer Infiltration for Flexible Displays
Authors: Zhang Yinghao , Wen Di , Liu Mengjia , Li Yun , Lin Yuan , Cao Kun , Yang Fan , Chen Rong
Published: January 2022

Stretchable encapsulation plays a crucial role in expanding the applications of flexible electronics, particularly the large‐area flexible displays. In this work, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) hybrid films with high stretchability, excellent transparency, and good barrier property are achieved by a simple process of SiO2 doping and atomic layer infiltration (ALI). The doped SiO2 improves the mechanical property and serves as reaction sites for the Al2O3 infiltration. A clear “nucleation‐filling‐coating” mechanism of Al2O3 ALI is proposed and elaborated in detail by in situ quartz crystal microbalance. The optimized PDMS hybrid films exhibit a relatively low water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) value of 1.81 × 10−3 g m−2 day−1 and excellent mechanical reliability, where after 1000 cycles of the fatigue stretching test at 1% tensile strain the WVTR only slightly increases to 2.01 × 10−3 g m−2 day−1. Furthermore, the patterned quantum dots encapsulated with PDMS hybrid films still retain more than 50% photoluminescent intensity even after the stretching and storage in deionized water for 2400 h, which is ≈80 times longer than the pristine ones. Therefore, the proposed combined method of SiO2 doping and ALI modification has great and practical implications for stretchable encapsulations for future flexible electronics.
Osseointegration Assessment of Multi‐Material Ti6Al4V‐β TCP Implants: An Experimental Study in Rats
Authors: Costa Mafalda M. , Miranda Alice , Bartolomeu Flávio , Carvalho Óscar , Matos Sérgio , Silva Filipe Samuel , Miranda Georgina
Published: January 2022

In the present study, mono‐ and multi‐material laser textured Ti6Al4V implants are manufactured and characterized in vivo to explore their applicability in orthopedic implants. Laser surface texturing is used for manufacturing grooved Ti6Al4V implants while a pressure‐assisted sintering technique is employed to impregnate beta‐tricalcium phosphate into grooves for an improved bioactivity. After implantation into Sprague Dawley rat's femur for 4 and 12 weeks, bone‐implant fixation and osseointegration are assessed, by performing push‐out tests and histological characterization. Histological characterization showed bone formation around all implants, characterized by immature bone at 4 weeks of implantation and a more mature bone after 12 weeks. The maximum push‐out forces are higher for the textured and multi‐material solution, when compared to non‐textured implants right after 4 weeks of implantation (p < 0.05). After 12 weeks, multi‐material implant displayed higher fracture energy when compared to non‐textured implants (p < 0.05). Results revealed that laser surface texturing and bioactive multi‐material solutions are highly effective to promote bone regeneration and enhance bone‐implant fixation for further application in orthopedic implants.
Flexible, High Scintillation Yield Cu3Cu2I5 Film Made of Ball‐Milled Powder for High Spatial Resolution X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Li Nan , Xu Ziwei , Xiao Yingrui , Liu Yucheng , Yang Zhou , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: January 2022

Cu halide materials with low electronic dimension show great scintillation properties with high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and large Stokes shift, which can result in reabsorption‐free scintillators. However, there is still a need for a large‐scalable method to fabricate large amount of scintillation powder and large‐size scintillation films. In this regard, a high scintillation yield Cu3Cu2I5−PDMS flexible film utilizing ball‐milled Cu3Cu2I5 powder is developed. The ball‐milled Cu3Cu2I5 powder shows a high PLQY of 74.5%, narrow emission peak of 80 nm and good ambient stability, demonstrating the potential of ball‐milling method for large‐scale scintillator production. Furthermore, the Cu3Cu2I5−PDMS film shows even high PLQY exceeding 90%, which may be ascribed to the passivation effect of PDMS resulting in a little longer carrier lifetime. The flexible Cu3Cu2I5−PDMS film can further deliver high spatial resolution of 6.8 lp mm−1@0.2 MTF in X‐ray imaging and good stability under steady X‐ray illumination. This work demonstrates that the ball‐milling method could be an effective approach for large‐scale fabrication of low electronic dimensional scintillation materials.
p‐Type Near‐Infrared Transparent Delafossite Thin Films with Ultrahigh Conductivity
Authors: Li Chenhui , Gong Penglai , Zheng Jinxing , Zhao Minglin , Wei Renhuai , Cheng Wangping , Hu Ling , Song Wenhai , Zhu Xuebin , Sun Yuping
Published: January 2022

Design and implementation of efficient p‐type transparent conducting (TC) oxides with excellent performance are the global material challenge. The strategy of “chemical modulation of the valence band” triggers the enthusiasm for p‐type TC delafossite CuMO2. However, the low conductivity of previous CuMO2 films obstructs the development of delafossite‐based electronics. Herein, a new p‐type 4d transition metal Rh‐based CuRhO2 film with large‐size is first designed and fabricated by a facile solution method. Room‐temperature conductivity as high as 735 S cm−1 is achieved by substituting 10%Mg in Rh sites. Additionally, the acceptor‐doped CuRhO2 films exhibit high near‐infrared transmittance of 85–60% with low room‐temperature sheet resistance of 4.28–0.18 kΩ sq−1. Furthermore, the electronic structure, electrical transport mechanism, and intra‐band excitation feature for the CuRhO2 film are unveiled. The theoretical and experimental results make a great advance in p‐type TC films and will pave a promising blueprint for future multifunctional opto‐electronic devices.
Ultrasensitive Near‐Infrared Circularly Polarized Light Detection Using 3D Perovskite Embedded with Chiral Plasmonic Nanoparticles
Authors: Kim Hongki , Kim Ryeong Myeong , Namgung Seok Daniel , Cho Nam Heon , Son Jung Bae , Bang Kijoon , Choi Mansoo , Kim Seong Keun , Nam Ki Tae , Lee Jong Woo , Oh Joon Hak
Published: January 2022

Chiral organic ligand‐incorporated low‐dimensional metal‐halide perovskites have received increasing attention for next‐generation photodetectors because of the direct detection capability of circularly polarized light (CPL), which overcomes the requirement for subsidiary optical components in conventional CPL photodetectors. However, most chiral perovskites have been based on low‐dimensional structures that confine chiroptical responses to the ultraviolet (UV) or short‐wavelength visible region and limit photocurrent due to their wide bandgap and poor charge transport. Here, chiroptical properties of 3D Cs0.05FA0.5MA0.45Pb0.5Sn0.5I3 polycrystalline films are achieved by incorporating chiral plasmonic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into the mixed PbSn perovskite, without sacrificing its original optoelectronic properties. CPL detectors fabricated using chiral AuNP‐embedded perovskite films can operate without external power input; they exhibit remarkable chirality in the near‐infrared (NIR) region with a high anisotropy factor of responsivity (gres) of 0.55, via giant plasmon resonance shift of chiral plasmonic AuNPs. In addition, a CPL detector array fabricated on a plastic substrate demonstrates highly sensitive self‐powered NIR detection with superior flexibility and durability.
Long‐term yield response of corn, wheat, and double‐crop soybean to tillage and N placement
Authors: Sweeney Daniel W. , Ruiz Diaz Dorivar A. , Pedreira Bruno C. , Havlin John L.
Published: January 2022

On claypan soils of the eastern Great Plains, yield of no‐till crops often lags yield of crops grown with tillage, especially cereals requiring sound N management. The objective of this 14‐yr study was to determine the yield response of corn (Zea mays L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and double‐crop soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in a 2‐yr rotation to tillage system and N fertilizer placement. Tillage, N placement, or their interaction affected corn yield in all seven‐corn crop‐years. Corn yields averaged about 25% lower with no‐till than with conventional or reduced tillage and were never greater with no‐till in any year. Nitrogen fertilization increased corn yield by increasing kernels per ear; however, corn yield increase to subsurface band (knife) N applications compared with surface (broadcast or dribble) applications was only about 10%. In the lower‐yielding no‐till system, corn yield increase to knifed N fertilization was greater than in tilled systems and may partially ameliorate the no‐till yield decline. Average wheat yield was unaffected by tillage. Adding N more than doubled wheat yield, but differences in wheat yield between preplant N placements methods were small. Average double‐crop soybean yield was unaffected by tillage with few, inconsistent differences by year. Compared with no‐till, tillage tended to increase soil P and K, but soil organic matter was just redistributed with no net increase with no‐till. Thus, tillage and N placement treatments may affect corn but have lesser effects on wheat and double‐crop soybean and soil properties in this rotation.
A historical review of aggregation‐induced emission from 2001 to 2020: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Xia Qiming , Zhang Yiyin , Li Yiling , Li Yirun , Li Yixuan , Feng Zhe , Fan Xiaoxiao , Qian Jun , Lin Hui
Published: January 2022

Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) is a photophysical phenomenon that a certain group of luminescent materials that become highly luminous when aggregated in a bad solvent or solid state. This year is the 20th anniversary since the AIE concept firstly proposed in 2001. Many advanced applications were gradually being explored, covering optics, electronics, energy, and bioscience and so on. At present, bibliometrics can enlighten the researchers with comprehensive sights of the achievements and trends of a specific field, which is critical for academic investigations. Herein, we presented a general bibliometric overview of AIE covering 20 years of evolution. With the assistance of Web of Science Core Collection database and several bibliometric software tools, the annual publication and citation, most influential countries/regions, most contributing authors, journals and institutions, second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) related hotspots, as well as the forecast of frontiers were demonstrated and systematically analyzed. This study summarizes the current research status in AIE research field and provides a reference for future research directions.
The insertion site is the main risk factor for central venous catheter‐related complications in patients with hematologic malignancies
Authors: Heidenreich Daniela , Hansen Eleonore , Kreil Sebastian , Nolte Florian , Jawhar Mohamad , Hecht Anna , Hofmann Wolf‐Karsten , Klein Stefan A.
Published: January 2022

Central venous catheters (CVC) placed either via the internal jugular vein (IJV) or the subclavian vein (SCV) are routinely used in patients with hematologic malignancies. In this retrospective study, we systematically compared CVC‐associated complications for both insertion sites, IJV and SCV. Between January 2011 and June 2013, all consecutive patients (n = 87) were included with at least one CVC (n = 153; n = 94 IJV; n = 59 SCV) at our institution due to induction/consolidation for AML/ALL or autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Primary study endpoints were central line‐associated (CLABSI), catheter‐related (CRBSI) blood stream infections and local inflammation (LI) at the insertion site. CRBSI occurred earlier and more frequently in the IJV‐ versus the SCV‐group with an incidence rate of CRBSI at day 15 of 10% versus 0% (p = .04) and a rate of CRBSI per 1000 CVC days of 5.7 versus 1.2. In addition, CLABSI was detected more often in IJV‐ compared to SCV‐CVC (26% vs. 8%, p = .009). Conversely, LI occurred more frequently and earlier in SCV‐ versus IJV‐CVC (88% vs. 56%, p < .0001) with a median time to LI of 9 versus 14 days (p < .0001). The strongest risk factor for the endpoints CRBSI, CLABSI, and LI was the insertion site. However, SCV insertion was a risk factor for LI (p = .001, HR: 2.0), insertion in the IJV a risk factor for CLABSI (p = .044, HR: 2.7) and CRBSI (p = .036, HR: 5.4). These results demonstrate a differential effect of the insertion site of CVC in neutropenic patients with a significantly reduced frequency of CVC‐related blood stream infections in SCV‐CVC.
Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Selective Amination of Inert γ‐C(sp3)−O Bonds of Aliphatic Amides with Hydrazines
Authors: Chen Sai , Lin Cong , Xu Yiqing , Liu Xiuhong , Shen Liang
Published: January 2022

The first palladium‐catalyzed selective amination of inert methyl and methylene γ‐C(sp3)−O bonds of aliphatic amides with hydrazines by using the strategy of 8‐aminoquinoline‐directed C(sp3)−H activation/β‐O elimination/hydrofunctionalization is reported. This method features a broad scope of hydrazines, affording an efficient and simple method for the synthesis of corresponding γ‐hydrazine substituted carboxylic acid derivatives that are commonly seen in drug molecules and other bioactive compounds.
Identifying differential regulatory control of APOE ɛ4 on African versus European haplotypes as potential therapeutic targets
Authors: Nuytemans Karen , Lipkin Vasquez Marina , Wang Liyong , Van Booven Derek , Griswold Antony J. , Rajabli Farid , Celis Katrina , Oron Oded , Hofmann Natalia , Rolati Sophie , Garcia‐Serje Catherine , Zhang Shanshan , Jin Fulai , Argenziano Mariana , Grant Struan F.A. , Chesi Alessandra , Brown Christopher D. , Young Juan I. , Dykxhoorn Derek M. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. , Vance Jeffery M.
Published: January 2022

We previously demonstrated that in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, European apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carriers express significantly more APOE ε4 in their brains than African AD carriers. We examined single nucleotide polymorphisms near APOE with significant frequency differences between African and European/Japanese APOE ε4 haplotypes that could contribute to this difference in expression through regulation. Two enhancer massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA) approaches were performed, supplemented with single fragment reporter assays. We used Capture C analyses to support interactions with the APOE promoter. Introns within TOMM40 showed increased enhancer activity in the European/Japanese versus African haplotypes in astrocytes and microglia. This region overlaps with APOE promoter interactions as assessed by Capture C analysis. Single variant analyses pinpoints rs2075650/rs157581, and rs59007384 as functionally different on these haplotypes. Identification of the mechanisms for differential regulatory function for APOE expression between African and European/Japanese haplotypes could lead to therapeutic targets for APOE ε4 carriers.
Education, but not occupation, is associated with cognitive impairment: The role of cognitive reserve in a sample from a low‐to‐middle‐income country
Authors: Suemoto Claudia K. , Bertola Laiss , Grinberg Lea T. , Leite Renata E. P. , Rodriguez Roberta D. , Santana Pedro H. , Pasqualucci Carlos A. , Jacob‐Filho Wilson , Nitrini Ricardo
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Education, and less frequently occupation, has been associated with lower dementia risk in studies from high‐income countries. We aimed to investigate the association of cognitive impairment with education and occupation in a low‐middle‐income country sample.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, cognitive function was assessed by the Clinical Dementia Rating sum of boxes (CDR‐SOB). We investigated the association of occupation complexity and education with CDR‐SOB using adjusted linear regression models for age, sex, and neuropathological lesions.

Results

In 1023 participants, 77% had < 5 years of education, and 56% unskilled occupations. Compared to the group without education, those with formal education had lower CDR‐SOB (1–4 years: = ‐0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = –1.85; –0.14, P = .02; ≥5 years: = –1.42, 95% CI = –2.47; –0.38, P = .008). Occupation complexity and demands were unrelated to cognition.

Discussion

Education, but not occupation, was related to better cognitive abilities independent of the presence of neuropathological insults.
Modified nanocrystalline cellulose partially replaced carbon black to reinforce natural rubber composites
Authors: Jiang Weihui , Cheng Zhuohuang , Wang Jingjing , Gu Ju
Published: January 2022

As a renewable nanomaterials, nanocellulose was generally considered as a green filler for reinforcing polymer. In this study, nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) isolated from softwood pulp was successfully modified, and the modified nanocrystalline cellulose (m‐NCC) was used to partially replace carbon black (CB) to reinforce natural rubber (NR). Then, the dispersion of m‐NCC in the rubber matrix and the mechanical properties of NR composites were studied. The results showed that the surface modification of NCC improved its dispersion in the NR matrix and the filler‐rubber interfacial interaction. In addition, the m‐NCC partly replaced the CB‐reinforced NR composite with a lower stress at 300% elongation, but the tensile strength, elongation at break, tear strength, and wear resistance of the composites were significantly improved. Besides, the dynamic compression fatigue heat built‐up of the composites in which m‐NCC partially replaced CB was increased, but DIN abrasion and the flex cracking resistance was improved. From these properties, it can be seen that the partial replacement of CB by NCC could basically approach or even achieve the effect of NR composites reinforced by CB, indicating that the NCC had good rubber reinforcement ability.
Fe II emission in active galactic nuclei
Authors: Gaskell Martin , Thakur Neha , Tian Betsy , Saravanan Anjana
Published: January 2022

We review problems raised by Fe II emission in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and address the question of its relationship to other broad‐line region (BLR) lines. The self‐shielding, stratified, BLR model of Gaskell, Klimek & Nazarova (Astrophysics, 2007; GKN) predicts that Fe II emission comes from twice the radius of Hβ, in agreement with widths of lines of Fe II lines being only 70% of the widths of Hβ. This disagrees with some reverberation mapping results, which have suggested that Fe II and Hβ arise at similar radii. The highest quality reverberation mapping, however, supports the predictions that Fe II comes from twice the radius of Hβ. We suggest that lower quality reverberation mapping of Fe II is biased to give too small lags. We conclude that, in agreement with the GKN model, the region emitting Fe II is the outermost part of the BLR just inside the surrounding dust. The model naturally gives the Doppler broadening required by models of Fe II emission. Optical Fe II emission implies typical reddenings of . This helps to explain the ratio of UV to optical Fe II emission. Simulations show that the amplitude of Fe II variability is consistent with being the same as for Hβ variability. The Fe II/Hβ ratio is a good proxy for the Eddington ratio. The ratio might be driven in part by the strong soft X‐ray excess because the X‐rays destroy grains and release iron into the gas phase. We propose that the correlation of Fe II strength of radio and host galaxy properties is a result of AGN downsizing.
Preventing teen dating violence
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2022

A recent study by Piolanti and Foran (“Efficacy of Interventions to Prevent Physical and Sexual Dating Violence Among Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis”) reviews prevention programs for dating violence in teens. The researchers looked at the programs' effects on reducing sexual and physical violence.
Naloxone: A closer look at the opioid overdose reversal drug
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2022

Naloxone — trade name Narcan — can save the life of someone who is overdosing on opioids. The rescue is almost immediate. What could have been death becomes hope for the future. These are accepted facts and the reason for the support from the federal government and others for wider distribution of naloxone.
A State‐of‐the‐Art Update on Integrated CO2 Capture and Electrochemical Conversion Systems
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Sánchez Oriol , Bohlen Barbara , Daems Nick , Bulut Metin , Pant Deepak , Breugelmans Tom
Published: January 2022

To valorize waste CO2, capturing and utilizing it to produce chemical building blocks is currently receiving a lot of attention. In this respect, amine and alkali base solutions have shown to be efficient CO2 capturing solutions and electrochemical CO2 conversion is a promising technology to convert CO2 and, as such, reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, to date, CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) technologies have been investigated almost exclusively as separate processes. This has the disadvantage that CO2 has to be desorbed and compressed from the capture solution before sending it to the CO2 electrolyzer, seriously increasing the capital and operational costs of the overall technology. To improve the valorization potential of the CCU technologies, integrating both technologies by directly utilizing the capture solution as an electrolyte for the electrochemical CO2 reduction (eCO2R) is a highly promising approach. This technology is however limited by low Faradaic efficiencies (FE) and partial current densities that can be achieved with these solutions. The main reason for this is the slow CO2 release rate at the catalytic interphase. Nevertheless, in recent years, in light of tackling these challenges, several studies successfully managed to decrease the costs of the CO2 capturing step and to electrochemically convert more efficiently the CO2 capture solutions. Herein, we review the status of the integrated CO2 capture and electrochemical conversion technology, discussing the recent developments and advances both in the field of CO2 capture and eCO2R.
Novel Electrode Materials and Redox‐Active Electrolyte for High‐Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Zhang Pei , Mu Jiahui , Kong Xiangjin , Wang Xiaowen , Ing Wong Shao , Sunarso Jaka , Xing Wei , Zhou Jin , Zhao Yi , Zhuo Shuping
Published: January 2022

Heteroatom doping has been increasingly applied to enhance the electrochemical performance of carbon materials when used as supercapacitor electrodes. However, the use of doped electrode by itself often does not provide sufficiently high performance for aqueous‐based supercapacitor. Here, a high‐performance supercapacitor was developed, using nitrogen‐doped microporous carbon spheres‐based materials and a redox‐active electrolyte as electrodes and electrolyte, respectively. The doped electrode, which was produced via template and self‐assembly routes, exhibited a well‐developed microporous structure, large specific surface area, and abundant heteroatoms. The combination of the heteroatom‐doped electrode and KI‐H2SO4 electrolyte in supercapacitor substantially increased the specific capacitance, from 230 F g−1 to 532 mAh g−1. Such a large enhancement was attributed to the addition of KI as a redox mediator in the aqueous electrolyte. The NCS‐800 supercapacitor has a specific capacity as high as 68 mAh g−1 (at a 1 A g−1 current density) in KI‐H2SO4 electrolyte. It could retain 57 % of capacitance even after maintaining a constant voltage of 1 V for 5 hours, highlighting its good electrochemical performance of NCS‐800 as a supercapacitor electrode material.
A generalized linear secant bulk modulus based correlation for the prediction of compressed liquid density
Authors: Ramos‐Pallares Francisco
Published: January 2022

A generalized correlation for the prediction of compressed liquid density has been developed based on the linear secant bulk modulus (LSM) concept. The correlation was developed using a dataset containing over 25 000 density data points from non‐polar and polar components collected from the literature. The LSM correlation fitted the data in this dataset with an overall average absolute deviation of 6 kg/m3. The developed correlation applies to pure components at reduced temperatures up to 0.99 and pressures up to 1 × 106 kPa and requires the following inputs: critical properties, acentric factor, saturated liquid density, and saturation pressure. The developed LSM correlation was tested on predicting the density of 18 components (over 23 000 data points) from assorted chemical families, including alcohols. The overall average absolute deviation was 5 kg/m3. For comparison, the Chang–Zhao correlation predicted the densities in the same Test Dataset with an overall average absolute deviation of 6 kg/m3. However, at pressures above 1 × 105 kPa, the LSM correlation predicted more accurate densities with an overall average absolute deviation of 11 kg/m3, whereas the Chang–Zhao correlation predicted the densities with an overall average absolute deviation of 26 kg/m3.
Bubble size distribution and gas holdup in bubble columns employing non‐Newtonian liquids: A CFD study
Authors: Paul Meljin Madavana , Pakzad Leila
Published: January 2022

The hydrodynamics involved with the rise of air bubbles in shear‐thinning non‐Newtonian liquids in bubble columns was investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In bubble columns, the bubble size distribution (BSD) and gas holdup significantly affect the mass transfer rates and the reactor design. Consequently, the influence of superficial gas velocity, flow index, consistency index, sparger bubble size, and yield stress were analyzed on a local and global scale. The bubble sizes and the coalescence and breakage phenomena were incorporated using the homogeneous discrete method of the population balance model (PBM). The bubbles underwent coalescence during ascent and exhibited bimodal distribution. The radial homogeneity of the gas phase increased axially. Moreover, the zones of low liquid dynamic viscosity produced zones of a high gas holdup. Though the dual effect of viscosity on gas holdup was non‐existent, the gas holdup surged after 35.1 mPa s at the mid‐zone and remained constant thereafter. The noteworthy differences in simulation results put further emphasis upon the importance of sparger bubble size in CFD modelling. A decrease in the overall gas holdup and the axial air velocity with yield stress was observed. CFD simulation proved capable of providing results in reasonable agreement with experiments.
Association between cumulative blood pressure in early adulthood and right ventricular structure and function in middle age: The CARDIA study
Authors: Liu Shenrong , Liao Yanfen , Zhu Zongyuan , Wang Shushui , Li Yifan , Liang Dongpo , Xie Yumei , Zhang Zhiwei
Published: January 2022

Objective

Cumulative blood pressure (BP) exposure is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study sought to investigate the association between cumulative BP from early adulthood to middle age and right ventricular (RV) structure and function in middle age.

Methods

We included 2844 participants from the CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults). Cumulative BP over the 30‐years follow‐up was defined as the sum of the product of mean BP for each pair of consecutive examinations and the time interval between these two consecutive examinations in years. RV structure and function were assessed by echocardiography. The main analyses utilized logistic and linear regression models.

Results

In fully adjusted models, higher cumulative systolic BP was independently associated with lower tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), right ventricular peak systolic velocity (RVS′), right ventricular early diastolic velocity (RVe′), and higher pulmonary arterial systolic pressure. Higher cumulative diastolic BP was independently associated with smaller RV basal diameter, lower TAPSE, RVS′, and RVe′. For categorical analyses of RV dysfunction, cumulative systolic BP was not related to systolic dysfunction. Per 1‐SD increase in cumulative systolic BP was associated with a higher risk of diastolic dysfunction, while an increase in cumulative diastolic BP was associated with a higher risk of systolic dysfunction and diastolic dysfunction.

Conclusions

Cumulative exposure to increased BP from early adulthood to middle age was associated with incipient RV systolic and diastolic dysfunction in middle age. Exposure to higher diastolic BP levels from early adulthood to middle age was associated with a smaller RV basal diameter in middle age.
Novel Insights and Perspectives for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hearing Loss through the Implementation of Magnetic Nanotheranostics
Authors: Martín María Julia , Spitzmaul Guillermo , Lassalle Verónica
Published: January 2022

Hearing loss (HL) is a sensory disability that affects 5 % of the world‘s population. HL predominantly involves damage and death to the cochlear cells. Currently, there is no cure or specific medications for HL. Furthermore, the arrival of therapeutic molecules to the inner ear represents a challenge due to the limited blood supply to the sensory cells and the poor penetration of the blood‐cochlear barrier. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) perfectly coordinate with the requirements for controlled drug delivery along with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnostic and monitoring capabilities. Besides, they are suitable tools to be applied to HL, expecting to be more effective and non‐invasive. So far, the published literature only refers to some preclinical studies of SPIONs for HL management. This contribution aims to provide an integrated view of the best options and strategies that can be considered for future research punctually in the field of magnetic nanotechnology applied to HL.
Design, Synthesis, in vitro and in silico Characterization of 2‐Quinolone‐L‐alaninate‐1,2,3‐triazoles as Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Moussaoui Oussama , Bhadane Rajendra , Sghyar Riham , Ilaš Janez , El Hadrami El Mestafa , Chakroune Said , Salo‐Ahen Outi M. H.
Published: January 2022

Due to the ever‐increasing antimicrobial resistance there is an urgent need to continuously design and develop novel antimicrobial agents. Inspired by the broad antibacterial activities of various heterocyclic compounds such as 2‐quinolone derivatives, we designed and synthesized new methyl‐(2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydroquinolin‐4‐yl)‐L‐alaninate‐1,2,3‐triazole derivatives via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of 1‐propargyl‐2‐quinolone‐L‐alaninate with appropriate azide groups. The synthesized compounds were obtained in good yield ranging from 75 to 80 %. The chemical structures of these novel hybrid molecules were determined by spectroscopic methods and the antimicrobial activity of the compounds was investigated against both bacterial and fungal strains. The tested compounds showed significant antimicrobial activity and weak to moderate antifungal activity. Despite the evident similarity of the quinolone moiety of our compounds with fluoroquinolones, our compounds do not function by inhibiting DNA gyrase. Computational characterization of the compounds shows that they have attractive physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties and could serve as templates for developing potential antimicrobial agents for clinical use.
Electrochemistry and Electrochromic Performance of a Metallopolymer Formed by Electropolymerization of a Fe(II) Complex with a Triphenylamine‐Hydrazone Ligand
Authors: Banasz Radosław , Kubicki Maciej , Wałęsa‐Chorab Monika
Published: January 2022

The complex of Fe(II) ions of general formula [FeL2](BF4)2 with triphenylamine‐hydrazone ligand L has been synthesized and characterized. Oxidative electropolymerization of the complex proceeded smoothly on the working electrode producing a homogenous thin film of metallopolymer. The film thickness and morphology of the layer was investigated by microscopy techniques such as scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, and the composition of the film was confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. It was found that fifty successive oxidation/reduction cycles resulted in a 120 nm thick film on the electrode surface. The metallopolymer was also characterized using cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemical methods. The film was found to change its color from yellow to green‐blue, exhibit high change in transmittance of 60 % at 770 nm, and possess good electrochemical stability during 375 cycles of switching of the potential between −0.1 V and +1.5 V, owing to the presence of metal ions that link two ligand molecules resulting in formation of highly cross‐linked film. The switching times (coloration and bleaching) were calculated to be 34.2 s and 7.3 s, respectively. Coloration efficiency of the formed film of polymeric complex was found to be 144 cm2 C−1.
Intercross: An Android app for plant breeding and genetics cross management
Authors: Rife Trevor W. , Courtney Chaney , Bauchet Guillaume , Neilsen Mitchell , Poland Jesse A.
Published: January 2022

Plant breeding is fundamentally comprised of three cyclic activities: (a) intermating lines to generate novel allelic combinations, (b) evaluating the newly created lines in diverse environments, and (c) selecting superior individuals to be used as parents in the next breeding cycle. While digital technologies and tools are commonly utilized for the latter two stages, many plant research programs still rely on manual annotation and paper tags to track the crosses that constitute the basis of a plant breeding program. This presence of analog data is a crack in the foundation of a digital breeding ecosystem and a significant occasion for errors to be introduced that will propagate through the entire breeding process. However, implementing digital cross tracking into breeding programs is difficult due to the nonstandardized workflows that different breeders have adopted. Intercross, an open‐source Android app, aims to provide scientists with a robust and simple solution for planning, tracking, and managing the crosses being made each season and aims to serve as the primary tool to digitize crossing data for breeding programs. The simplicity and flexibility of Intercross allows rapid and broad adoption by diverse breeding programs and will solidify the concepts of a digital breeding ecosystem.
Mechanistic Insights into Selective Acetaldehyde Formation from Ethanol Oxidation on Hematite Photoanodes by Operando Spectroelectrochemistry
Authors: Yuan Jianhe , Yuan Yuling , Zhang Jingjing , Xu Hong , Mao Zhiping , Ma Yimeng
Published: January 2022

This study employed operando spectroelectrochemical l and photoelectrochemical methods to investigate the charge carrier dynamics of photogenerated holes in hematite for ethanol oxidation and its possible over‐oxidation. Ethanol oxidation was found to form acetaldehyde with around 100 % initial selectivity and faradaic efficiency. The overoxidation of acetaldehyde was suppressed by being unable to kinetically compete with ethanol oxidation in terms of turnover frequency by a factor of ten. Temperature‐dependent rate law analyses were applied to determine the activation energies of these two oxidations. For the ethanol oxidation, the activation energy was 195 meV, compared to 398 meV for acetaldehyde oxidation. These results were correlated with the valence band potential to elucidate the advantage of using hematite for safer and sustainable value‐added aldehyde synthesis compared to the industrial method. The dynamics of ethanol oxidation also addressed the challenges in broad‐spectrum deep oxidation of organic compounds in water purification using metal oxides.
El Niño and marine heatwaves: Ecological impacts on Oregon rocky intertidal kelp communities at local to regional scales
Authors: Spiecker Barbara J. , Menge Bruce A.
Published: January 2022

El Niños and marine heatwaves (MHWs) are predicted to increase in frequency under greenhouse warming. The impact of climate oscillations like El Niño‐Southern Oscillation on coastal environments in the short term likely mimics those of climate change in the long term; therefore, El Niños may serve as a short‐term proxy for possible long‐term ecological responses to an increasingly variable climate. Understanding and prediction of ecosystem responses requires elucidating the mechanisms underlying different organizational scales (organism, space, and time). We analyzed spatiotemporal variation in the effect of the 2015–2016 El Niño and the overlapping 2014–2016 East Pacific MHW on three intertidal kelps (Hedophyllum sessile, Egregia menziesii, and Postelsia palmaeformis) at seven sites across 300 km of the Oregon coast and over three years post El Niño. We measured percent cover, density, maximum length, growth, and carbon : nitrogen (C:N) ratios monthly in spring/summer at each site from 2016 through 2018. Results revealed a complex interplay between spatial, temporal, and biological factors that modified the effects of these thermal anomalies on Oregon intertidal kelp populations. Our findings generally agree with prior literature showing detrimental effects of El Niño on kelp. However, El Niño and possibly MHW effects can be mitigated or amplified by environmental processes and kelp life history strategies. In our study, coastal upwelling provided regional relief for the kelp individuals with respect to their growth needs and mitigated the adverse effects of warming. On the other hand, we also found that coastal upwelling amplified, or compounded, detrimental effects of El Niño by increasing phytoplankton‐induced shading and mollusk grazing on juvenile and adult kelps, thereby reducing their density. Given the greater uncertainty associated with warming events and climate change in the California Current Upwelling System and its biological implications, our findings reiterate the importance of acquiring better understanding of how context‐specific underlying conditions modify ecosystem processes. More specifically, understanding how demographic traits and life history stages of kelp change with biological interactions and environmental forcing over temporal and spatial scales is crucial to anticipating future climate change ramifications.
A Molecular Electron Density Theory Study of the Lewis Acid Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Nitrones with Nucleophilic Ethylenes
Authors: Domingo Luis R. , Ríos‐Gutiérrez Mar , Acharjee Nivedita
Published: January 2022

The BF3Lewis acid (LA) catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reaction of 1‐pyrroline‐1‐oxide (PNO) with 2,3‐dihydrofuran (DHF) has been studied within the molecular electron density theory (MEDT) at theωB97X‐D/6‐311G(d,p) computational level. Electron localization function (ELF) characterizes PNO and the corresponding PNO : BF3complex as zwitterionic species. Conceptual DFT indices allow classifying PNO and DHF as marginal electrophiles and strong nucleophiles, while the PNO : BF3complex is a strong electrophile. Consequently, while the non‐catalyzed 32CA reaction is non‐polar, the BF3catalyzed one has a high polar character, revealed by the analysis of the global electron density transfer (GEDT) at the transition state structures. The BF3catalyzed 32CA reaction, which is classified as of reverse electron density flux (REDF), presents highexostereoselectivity, and totalorthoregioselectivity. The presence of the BF3catalyst decreases the activation enthalpy of the 32CA reaction in dichloromethane by 7.5 kcal mol−1, as a consequence of the increase of the polar character of the reaction, in complete agreement with the experimentally observed acceleration.