bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial F-ATP Synthase and Its Transition into an Energy-Dissipating Molecular Machine
Authors: Lippe Giovanna , Coluccino Gabriele , Zancani Marco , Baratta Walter , Crusiz Paola
Published: April 2019

The mitochondrial F-ATP synthase is the principal energy-conserving nanomotor of cells that harnesses the proton motive force generated by the respiratory chain to make ATP from ADP and phosphate in a process known as oxidative phosphorylation. In the energy-converting membranes, F-ATP synthase is a multisubunit complex organized into a membrane-extrinsic F1sector and a membrane-intrinsic FOdomain, linked by central and peripheral stalks. Due to its essential role in the cellular metabolism, malfunction of F-ATP synthase has been associated with a variety of pathological conditions, and the enzyme is now considered as a promising drug target for multiple disease conditions and for the regulation of energy metabolism. We discuss structural and functional features of mitochondrial F-ATP synthase as well as several conditions that partially or fully inhibit the coupling between the F1catalytic activities and the FOproton translocation, thus decreasing the cellular metabolic efficiency and transforming the enzyme into an energy-dissipating structure through molecular mechanisms that still remain to be defined.
Premature Myocardial Infarction: Genetic Variations in SIRT1 Affect Disease Susceptibility
Authors: Yamac Aylin Hatice , Uysal Omer , Ismailoglu Ziya , Ertürk Mehmet , Celikten Mert , Bacaksiz Ahmet , Kilic Ulkan
Published: April 2019

Objectives. Premature myocardial infarction (PMI) is an uncommon disease, and its incidence varies between 2% and 10%, rising, depending on genetic susceptibility under the influence of lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association betweenSIRT1single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), SIRT1, and eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) protein expressions, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) in young patients with premature ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods. Genotyping of the three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs7895833 A > G in the promoter region, rs7069102 C > G in intron 4, and rs2273773 C > T in exon 5) inSIRT1gene was performed in 108 consecutive patients (87.0% were men with a mean age of 40.74 ± 3.82 years) suffering from ST-elevation myocardial infarction at the age of ≤45 and 91 control subjects.Results. The risk for myocardial infarction was increased by 2.31 times in carriers of CC or CG genotypes. SIRT1 protein levels were enhanced and endothelial nitric oxide synthase levels were diminished in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients regardless of the underlying gene variant. There was no correlation between SIRT1 expression and the amount of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index levels in patients and in the control group either.Conclusions.SIRT1single-nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with premature myocardial infarction, which affected the SIRT1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein expression, irrespective of the underlyingSIRT1genotype.
Study on Equivalent Viscous Damping Coefficient of Sucker Rod Based on the Principle of Equal Friction Loss
Authors: Li Qin , Chen Bo , Huang Zhiqiang , Tang Haipin , Li Gang , He Lei
Published: April 2019

Equivalent viscous damping coefficient is an important parameter of wave equation for sucker rod string. In this paper, based on the principle of equal friction loss, when the viscous energy consumption and the local damping energy consumption are taken into account, effects of equivalent viscous damping coefficients are obtained. Through deducing energy consumption equation of oil and energy consumption equation of the coupling, theoretical formula for equivalent damping coefficient of sucker rods is received. Results show that the smaller the K is (K is the ratio of sectional area of tubing to sucker rod), the larger the proportion of damping coefficient caused by viscous energy consumption in the equivalent damping coefficient of sucker rod system is. When K< 0.095, the proportion of damping coefficient caused by viscous energy consumption is more than 90%. Reducing the sudden change of cross‐section area at sucker rod coupling has remarkable effect on reducing damping force of the sucker rod system. The research provides a theoretical basis for the application and design of sucker rod and tubing.
DUBbing Ferroptosis in Cancer Cells
Authors: Gan Boyi
Published: April 2019

Ferroptosis, a form of iron-dependent, nonapoptotic cell death that is induced by excessive lipid peroxidation, has been recently identified as a new tumor suppression mechanism. In this issue of Cancer Research, Liu and colleagues demonstrate that the deubiquitinase (DUB) OTUB1 is frequently overexpressed in human cancers, and functions to “dub” (trim) the ferroptosis process in cancer cells and promotes tumor development by stabilizing the cystine transporter, SLC7A11. This study not only reveals a hitherto unappreciated regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis but also identifies potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.

See related article by Liu et al., p. 1913
Pathophysiologie der Ateminsuffizienz: Atmungsregulation, Atemlast und Muskelkapazität
Authors: Adler Dan , Janssens Jean-Paul
Published: April 2019

Das Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist es, in Grundzügen darzustellen, wie Wechselwirkungen zwischen der Atmungsregulation, der Atemlast und der Muskelfunktion zu Ateminsuffizienz führen können. Die beteiligten Mechanismen variieren je nach zugrunde liegender Pathologie, aber meist ist eine Ateminsuffizienz das Ergebnis eines Ungleichgewichts zwischen der Muskelpumpe und der auf diese wirkenden mechanischen Belastung. Veränderungen des Atemantriebs und der CO2-Antwort scheinen wichtige Faktoren für die Pathophysiologie der Ateminsuffizienz zu sein. Auch Funktionsstörungen der Einatemmuskeln kommen häufig vor, stellen jedoch keine zwingende Voraussetzung für eine Ateminsuffizienz dar, da diese auch nur durch erhöhte Last herbeigeführt werden kann. Es ist von größter Bedeutung, sich dieser Wechselwirkungen bewusst zu sein, um rechtzeitig eine mechanische Beatmung zu beginnen und ihre Parameter an die individuelle Physiologie des Atmungsapparats des Patienten anzupassen.
Psyche und Physis können wir nicht trennen, selbst wenn wir es wollten - zum Einfluss belastender Lebensereignisse auf COPD-Patienten
Authors: Spielmanns Marc
Published: April 2019

Background: There is a general notion that stressful life events may cause mental and physical health problems. Objectives: We aimed to describe stressful life events reported by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to assess their impact on health outcomes and behaviors. Methods: Two hundred and sixty-six primary care patients who participated in the ICE COLD ERIC cohort study were asked to document any stressful life events in the past 3 years. We assessed the before-after (the event) changes for symptoms of depression and anxiety, health status, dyspnea-related quality of life, exacerbations, cigarette use, and physical activity. We used linear regression analysis to estimate the crude and adjusted magnitude of the before-after changes. Results: About 41% (110/266) of patients reported the experience of any stressful life events and «death of relatives/important persons» was most common (31%). After accounting for age, sex, living status, lung function, and anxiety/depression status at baseline, experiencing any stressful life events was associated with a 0.9-point increase on the depression scale (95% CI 0.3 to 1.4), a 0.8-point increase on the anxiety scale (95% CI 0.3 to 1.3), and a 0.8-point decrease in the physical activity score (95% CI -1.6 to 0). Conclusions: Experiencing stressful life events was associated with a small to moderate increase in symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD, but no discernable effect was found for other physical outcomes. However, confirmation of these results in other COPD cohorts and identification of patients particularly vulnerable to stressful life events are needed.
Perceptions of Stroke and Associated Health-Care-Seeking Behavior in Northern Tanzania: A Community-Based Study
Authors: Hertz Julian T. , Madut Deng B. , William Gwamaka , Maro Venance P. , Crump John A. , Rubach Matthew P.
Published: April 2019

Background: Little is known about knowledge of stroke symptoms, perceptions of self-risk, and health-care-seeking behavior for stroke in East Africa. Methods: A 2-stage randomized population-based cluster survey with selection proportional to population size was performed in northern Tanzania. Self-identified household health-care decision makers were asked to list all symptoms of a stroke. They were further asked if they thought they had a chance of having a stroke and where they would present for care for stroke-like symptoms. A socioeconomic status score was derived via principal component analysis from 9 variables related to wealth. Results: Of 670 respondents, 184 (27.4%) knew a conventional stroke symptom and 51 (7.6%) thought they had a chance of having a stroke. Females were less likely to perceive themselves to be at risk than males (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.28–0.89, p = 0.014). Of respondents, 558 (88.3%) stated they would present to a hospital for stroke-like symptoms. Preference for a hospital was not associated with knowledge of stroke symptoms or perception of self-risk but was associated with a higher socioeconomic status score (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Knowledge of stroke symptoms and perception of self-risk are low in northern Tanzania, but most residents would present to a hospital for stroke-like symptoms.
Cardiomyocyte PKA Ablation Enhances Basal Contractility While Eliminates Cardiac β-Adrenergic Response Without Adverse Effects on the Heart
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Wei Eric , Zhang Xiaoying , Li Ying , Chen Biyi , Liu Chong , Ai Xiaojie , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Tian Ying , Zhang Chen , Tang Mingxin , Szeto Christopher , Hua Xiang , Xie Mingxin , Zeng Chunyu , Wu Yingjie , Zhou Lin , Zhu Weizhong , Yu Daohai , Houser Steven R. , Chen Xiongwen
Published: April 2019

Rationale:

PKA (Protein Kinase A) is a major mediator of β-AR (β-adrenergic) regulation of cardiac function, but other mediators have also been suggested. Reduced PKA basal activity and activation are linked to cardiac diseases. However, how complete loss of PKA activity impacts on cardiac physiology and if it causes cardiac dysfunction have never been determined.

Objectives:

We set to determine how the heart adapts to the loss of cardiomyocyte PKA activity and if it elicits cardiac abnormalities.

Methods and Results:

(1) Cardiac PKA activity was almost completely inhibited by expressing a PKA inhibitor peptide in cardiomyocytes (cPKAi) in mice; (2) cPKAi reduced basal phosphorylation of 2 myofilament proteins (TnI [troponin I] and cardiac myosin binding protein C), and one longitudinal SR (sarcoplasmic reticulum) protein (PLB [phospholamban]) but not of the sarcolemmal proteins (Cav1.2 α1c and PLM [phospholemman]), dyadic protein RyR2, and nuclear protein CREB (cAMP response element binding protein) at their PKA phosphorylation sites; (3) cPKAi increased the expression of CaMKII (Ca
2+
/calmodulin-dependent kinase II), the Cav1.2 β subunits and current, but decreased CaMKII phosphorylation and CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation of PLB and RyR2; (4) These changes resulted in significantly enhanced myofilament Ca
2+
sensitivity, prolonged contraction, slowed relaxation but increased myocyte Ca
2+
transient and contraction amplitudes; (5) Isoproterenol-induced PKA and CaMKII activation and their phosphorylation of proteins were prevented by cPKAi; (6) cPKAi abolished the increases of heart rate, and cardiac and myocyte contractility by a β-AR agonist (isoproterenol), showing an important role of PKA and a minimal role of PKA-independent β-AR signaling in acute cardiac regulation; (7) cPKAi mice have partial exercise capability probably by enhancing vascular constriction and ventricular filling during β-AR stimulation; and (8) cPKAi mice did not show any cardiac functional or structural abnormalities during the 1-year study period.

Conclusions:

PKA activity suppression induces a unique Ca
2+
handling phenotype, eliminates β-AR regulation of heart rates and cardiac contractility but does not cause cardiac abnormalities.
Cost-Effectiveness of the US Food and Drug Administration Added Sugar Labeling Policy for Improving Diet and Health
Authors: Huang Yue , Kypridemos Chris , Liu Junxiu , Lee Yujin , Pearson-Stuttard Jonathan , Collins Brendan , Bandosz Piotr , Capewell Simon , Whitsel Laurie , Wilde Parke , Mozaffarian Dariush , O’Flaherty Martin , Micha Renata ,   Food-PRICE (Policy Review and Intervention Cost-Effectiveness) Project
Published: April 2019

Background:

Excess added sugars, particularly from sugar-sweetened beverages, are a major risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration mandated the labeling of added sugar content on all packaged foods and beverages. Yet, the potential health impacts and cost-effectiveness of this policy remain unclear.

Methods:

A validated microsimulation model (US IMPACT Food Policy model) was used to estimate cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus cases averted, quality-adjusted life-years, policy costs, health care, informal care, and lost productivity (health-related) savings and cost-effectiveness of 2 policy scenarios: (1) implementation of the US Food and Drug Administration added sugar labeling policy (sugar label), and (2) further accounting for corresponding industry reformulation (sugar label+reformulation). The model used nationally representative demographic and dietary intake data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, disease data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wonder Database, policy effects and diet-disease effects from meta-analyses, and policy and health-related costs from established sources. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis accounted for model parameter uncertainties and population heterogeneity.

Results:

Between 2018 and 2037, the sugar label would prevent 354 400 cardiovascular disease (95% uncertainty interval, 167 000–673 500) and 599 300 (302 400–957 400) diabetes mellitus cases, gain 727 000 (401 300–1 138 000) quality-adjusted life-years, and save $31 billion (15.7–54.5) in net healthcare costs or $61.9 billion (33.1–103.3) societal costs (incorporating reduced lost productivity and informal care costs). For the sugar label+reformulation scenario, corresponding gains were 708 800 (369 200–1 252 000) cardiovascular disease cases, 1.2 million (0.7–1.7) diabetes mellitus cases, 1.3 million (0.8–1.9) quality-adjusted life-years, and $57.6 billion (31.9–92.4) and $113.2 billion (67.3–175.2), respectively. Both scenarios were estimated with >80% probability to be cost saving by 2023.

Conclusions:

Implementing the US Food and Drug Administration added sugar labeling policy could generate substantial health gains and cost savings for the US population.
Nexilin Is a New Component of Junctional Membrane Complexes Required for Cardiac T-Tubule Formation
Authors: Liu Canzhao , Spinozzi Simone , Chen Jia-Yu , Fang Xi , Feng Wei , Perkins Guy , Cattaneo Paola , Guimarães-Camboa Nuno , Dalton Nancy D. , Peterson Kirk L. , Wu Tongbin , Ouyang Kunfu , Fu Xiang-Dong , Evans Sylvia M. , Chen Ju
Published: April 2019

Background:

Membrane contact sites are fundamental for transmission and translation of signals in multicellular organisms. The junctional membrane complexes in the cardiac dyads, where transverse (T) tubules are juxtaposed to the sarcoplasmic reticulum, are a prime example. T-tubule uncoupling and remodeling are well-known features of cardiac disease and heart failure. Even subtle alterations in the association between T-tubules and the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum can cause serious cardiac disorders. NEXN (nexilin) has been identified as an actin-binding protein, and multiple mutations in the NEXN gene are associated with cardiac diseases, but the precise role of NEXN in heart function and disease is still unknown.

Methods:

Nexn
global and cardiomyocyte-specific knockout mice were generated. Comprehensive phenotypic and RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry analyses were performed. Heart tissue samples and isolated single cardiomyocytes were analyzed by electron and confocal microscopy.

Results:

Global and cardiomyocyte-specific loss of
Nexn
in mice resulted in a rapidly progressive dilated cardiomyopathy. In vivo and in vitro analyses revealed that NEXN interacted with junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins, was essential for optimal calcium transients, and was required for initiation of T-tubule invagination and formation.

Conclusions:

These results demonstrated that NEXN is a pivotal component of the junctional membrane complex and is required for initiation and formation of T-tubules, thus providing insight into mechanisms underlying cardiomyopathy in patients with mutations in
NEXN
.
Lesion Localization of Poststroke Lateropulsion
Authors: Babyar Suzanne R. , Smeragliuolo Anna , Albazron Fatimah M. , Putrino David , Reding Michael , Boes Aaron D.
Published: April 2019

Background and Purpose—

Hemispheric stroke studies associating lateropulsion (pusher syndrome) with the location of brain lesions have had mixed results from small, unmatched samples. This study was designed to determine whether lateropulsion localizes to specific brain regions across patients with stroke using a case-control design.

Methods—

Fifty patients with lateropulsion after stroke were matched with 50 stroke patients without lateropulsion using age, time since onset of stroke, admission motor Functional Independence Measure score, lesion side, and gender. The primary analysis included multivariate lesion symptom mapping using sparse canonical correlations to identify regions most associated with lateropulsion as assessed with the Burke Lateropulsion Scale. Secondary analyses included evaluating paired comparisons for lesion volume, degree of motor impairment, motor and cognitive Functional Independence Measure scores.

Results—

The lesion symptom mapping analysis of all lesions mapped onto a common hemisphere produced an overall significant model (
P
<5×10
–5
) with a regional peak at the inferior parietal lobe at the junction of the post-central gyrus (Brodmann Area 2) and Brodmann Area 40 as the lesion location most associated with lateropulsion. Lesion volume was larger for patients with lateropulsion. Despite adequate matching, motor performance and total Functional Independence Measure scores differed at a group level between patients with and without lateropulsion.

Conclusions—

This analysis implicated lesion involvement of the inferior parietal lobe as a key neuroanatomical determinant of developing lateropulsion. A better understanding of the anatomic underpinnings of lateropulsion may improve rehabilitation efforts, including the potential for informing noninvasive neuromodulation approaches.
A Taxonomic Revision of Photinia integrifolia (Rosaceae)
Authors: PATHAK MITRA LAL , IDREES MUHAMMAD , GAO YUNDONG , GAO XIN-FEN
Published: April 2019

Taxonomic revision of a single species complex of Photinia integrifolia (Rosaceae) is accomplished during the revision of the genus Photinia sensu stricto. The study is based on the protologues and type specimens deposited in relevant herbaria. Thirty-two names are recorded for a single species. Five names are proposed as new synonyms, six lectotypes are designated, two names are identified as nomen nudum and three names are considered to be illegitimate. Taxonomic notes with type specimens, locality, and distribution for each taxon are provided.
Colletteichthys flavipinnis, a new toadfish species from Sri Lanka and India (Teleostei: Batrachoididae)
Authors: GREENFIELD DAVID W. , BINEESH K. K. , AKHILESH K. V.
Published: April 2019

The third known species in the genus Colletteichthys is described from Sri Lanka and India. Colletteichthys flavipinnisdiffers from C. dussumieri in having one instead of two or more tentacles above the eye. It differs from both C. occidentalisand C. dussumieri in having yellow-orange fins, and from C. occidentalis in usually having 16 instead of 15 anal-fin raysand 20 instead of 19 dorsal-fin rays, and in having a slightly smaller ( 1–2% SL) eye. Mitochondrial COI barcode interspecific distance is 4.4% between C. flavippinis and C. dussumieri.
A new species of coralsnake of the genus Calliophis (Squamata: Elapidae) from the west coast of peninsular India
Authors: SMITH ERIC N. , OGALE HEMANT , DEEPAK V. , GIRI VARAD B.
Published: April 2019

We describe a new species of coralsnake, Calliophis castoe, from western peninsular India. The discovery of this new species comes as a surprise because it is a venomous snake from both lowland and mountainous areas that are accessible and well populated. The new species differs from all other Calliophis, the Tropical Asian coralsnakes, in having unicolored and dark body and tail dorsa, an orange head band, a salmon color to scarlet body and tail underside, four maxillary teeth behind the fang (the highest number, except for some individuals of C. maculiceps) and, in having the prefrontals touching the third supralabial while having both a preocular and a nasal (except for some C. beddomei). Calliophis castoe also differs from all other Indian coralsnakes, with the exception of some Sinomicrurus macclellandi, in having an unpatterned body, no dark pigmentation on the last supralabial, and a wide post-temporal band. We also present mitochondrial DNA sequence differences between the new taxon and C. nigrescens. The new specie is the second species of coralsnake known from the state of Goa (beside C. nigrescens), the third known from Maharashtra (beside C. melanurus and C. nigrescens), and the fifth known from the state of Karnataka (beside C. beddomei, C. bibroni, C. melanurus, and C. nigrescens).
New feather mites of the subfamily Pterodectinae (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from passerines and woodpeckers (Aves: Passeriformes and Piciformes) in Vietnam
Authors: MIRONOV SERGEY , LITERAK IVAN , HUNG NGUYEN MANH , CAPEK MIROSLAV
Published: April 2019

Two new genera and nine new species of the feather mite subamily Pterodectinae (Proctophyllodidae) are described from passerines and woodpeckers in Vietnam: Dolichodectes furcilobus sp. n. from Copsychus malabaricus (Scopoli) (Muscicapidae), Montesauria abroscopi sp. n. from Abroscopus superciliaris (Blyth) (Cettiidae), M. macronoi sp. n. from Macronous gularis (Horsfield) (Timaliidae), M. pellornei sp. n. from Pellorneum ruficeps Swainson (Pellorneidae), M. phylloscopi sp. n. from Phylloscopus ricketti (Slater) (Phylloscopidae), M. seicerci sp. n. from Seicercus valentini (Hartert) (Phylloscopidae), Picipterodectes sasiae gen. n., sp. n. from Sasia ochracea Hodgson (Picidae), Proterothrix alcippeae sp. n. from Alcippe rufogularis (Mandelli) (Pellorneidae), and Vireodectes erporni gen. n., sp. n. from Erpornis zantholeuca (Blyth) (Vireonidae). The new genera Picipterodectes gen. n. and Vireodectes gen. n. belong to the Proterothrix generic group uniting archaic genera in the tribe Pterodectini. Brief comments on the current state of systematics of the genera Dolichodectes Park and Atyeo, 1971, Montesauria Oudemans, 1905 and Proterothrix Gaud, 1968 are provided. A new species group macronoi is established in the genus Montesauria.
The Lepidoptera of White Sands National Monument 5: Two new species of Cochylini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae, Tortricinae)
Authors: METZLER ERIC H. , FORBES GREGORY S.
Published: April 2019

In 2006, 10-year studies of the moths in two park units of the U.S. National Park Service in southern New Mexico were initiated: White Sands National Monument in Otero County, New Mexico, USA; and Carlsbad Caverns National Park, in Eddy County, New Mexico, USA. Two new species of Cochylini, Eugnosta brownana Metzler & Forbes and Cochylis yinyangana Metzler, are described. Adults and male and female genitalia of both species are illustrated.
A new species of the genus Tentasetae Fibiger, 2011 from China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae: Hypenodinae, Micronoctuini): postscript to the revision of China Micronoctuidae
Authors: HAN HUI-LIN , QI MU-JIE , KONONENKO VLADIMIR S.
Published: April 2019

The Micronoctuidae was erected as a family of Noctuoidea by Fibiger (in Fibiger & Lafontaine 2005). Later, in a series of monographs Fibiger (2007, 2008, 2010 and 2011) revised Asian taxa of Micronoctuidae and developed the taxonomic structure of the family with seven subfamilies, 54 genera, and 306 species. However, the status of the Micronoctuidae has changed in recent years, with the current placement being Micronoctuini as a tribe of the subfamily Hypenodinae (Zahiri et al. 2011a, 2001b; Holloway 2011) in the family Erebidae (Noctuoidea).
A new Amazonian species of Rhaebo (Anura: Bufonidae) with comments on Rhaebo glaberrimus (Günther, 1869) and Rhaebo guttatus (Schneider, 1799)
Authors: MUESES-CISNEROS JONH JAIRO , CISNEROS-HEREDIA DIEGO F. , MCDIARMID ROY W.
Published: April 2019

We describe a new species of toad of the genus Rhaebo from the Amazonian lowlands of Colombia and Ecuador. The newspecies is characterized by have a large-size (SVL 156.7 mm in adult female, 92.8–127.0 mm in adult males), lacking apreocular ridge and most cephalic crests except for the low parietals crests; having the cloacal opening towards the middlelevel of thighs; rounded to slightly oval parotoids; and dark to cream brown groin. The new species was previouslyconfused with Rhaebo glaberrimus, but the latter differs by having the cloacal opening at the ventral level of the thighs,small body size, skin texture mainly smooth, and a pink or yellowish color in the groin. The new species is also similar toRhaebo guttatus that differs by having a preocular ridge and a different ventral coloration (throat, chest and belly withcream round spots). We also comment on the identity of R. glaberrimus and R. guttatus, correct some reports published in the literature, and present new information on their natural history and distribution.
Review of Afrotropical Glenosema Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of 13 new species
Authors: AZEVEDO CELSO O. , VAN NOORT SIMON
Published: April 2019

The Afrotropical species of Glenosema are reviewed. Seventeen species are recognized, four previously described species, G. niloticum (Kieffer), G. durum Barbosa, Kawada & Azevedo, G. denteatum Lanes & Azevedo and G. elevatum Lanes & Azevedo, and thirteen species described and illustrated as new: G. qaqambile sp. nov., G. deki sp. nov., G. ebazileyo sp. nov., G. tyaba sp. nov., G. umphanda sp. nov., G. banzi sp. nov., G. bubanzi sp. nov., G. ahlukileyo sp. nov., G. icephe sp. nov., G. mxinwa sp. nov., G. lingana sp. nov., G. uphahla sp. nov. and G. tyheli sp. nov. A key to the Afrotropical species is presented. We highlight potential character suites that may be phylogenetically significant and consider evolutionary scenarios that may have led to the present distribution pattern associated with semi-arid areas on the African continent.
Two new species of the genus Tetracanthella (Collembola; Isotomidae) from China
Authors: XIE ZHIJING , POTAPOV MIKHAIL , SUN XIN
Published: April 2019

Two new species, T. dorsoduplex sp. nov. (Zhejiang province) and T. wui sp. nov. (Jilin Province) are described. The former species belongs to 'sylvatica' group and differs from all species of the genus by presence of only one pair of macrochaetae on Th. II–Abd. II and specific position of lateral s-chaetae on Abd. IV. The latter species belongs to 'stebaevae' group and differs from closely related species by chaetotaxy of dens (1/5) and abundant axial chaetotaxy of abdominal tergites.
A new species of Amphinemura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of southern China
Authors: MO RAORAO , WANG GUOQUAN , YANG DING , LI WEIHAI
Published: April 2019

A new species of the Amphinemurinae genus Amphinemura, A. baisensis sp. nov. is described from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of southern China. Affinities of the new taxon with similar regional species of Amphinemura are discussed.
Two new species and new findings in the genus Pallenopsis (Pycnogonida: Pallenopsidae) with an updated identification key to Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic species
Authors: CANO-SÁNCHEZ ESPERANZA , LÓPEZ-GONZÁLEZ PABLO J.
Published: April 2019

The present contribution describes and discusses the observed morphological variability of pycnogonids in the genus Pallenopsis collected during the Italica XIX cruise to Victoria Land, Ross Sea, Antarctica (3 Feb-4 Mar, 2004). Four species are recognized in this collection and two of them are proposed as new species Pallenopsis gracilis n. sp. and Pallenopsis rotunda n. sp. The new species are described, illustrated, and compared morphologically with their closest congeners. The morphological diagnostic characters of the subgenus Bathypallenopsis are discussed and considered insufficient to justify a separation into subgenera. The observed morphological variability is instead proposed to be accommodated in one inclusive genus Pallenopsis. Finally, we propose an updated dichotomous key to all currently recognized Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic Pallenopsis species (adult form), and discuss some of the more disputable taxa, highlighting the lack of knowledge of the morphological and molecular characters of this genus.
Development and Evaluation of In-Flight Icing Index Forecast for Aviation
Authors: Morcrette Cyril , Brown Katie , Bowyer Rebecca , Gill Philip , Suri Dan
Published: April 2019

An in-flight icing index from the literature is implemented in the Met Office forecasting system. Comparison of hindcasts of cloud fraction with ground-based remote sensing observations of liquid and ice cloud fraction are used to inform a reformulation of part of the index. Satellite-retrieved icing potential is then used to quantitatively assess the reliability and skill of the new index and compare its performance to the current operational one. Having shown that the new index has substantially better reliability, ways of presenting separate icing likelihood and severity are explored using a case study.
A Quality Improvement Initiative to Decrease Inappropriate Intravenous Acetaminophen Use at an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Nguyen Linda P. , Nguyen Lam , Austin Jared P.
Published: April 2019

Background: Following availability in the United States in 2011, intravenous acetaminophen (IV APAP) was added to many hospital formularies for multimodal pain control. In 2014, the price of IV APAP increased from $12/g to $33/g and became a top 10 medication expenditure at our institution. Objective: To promote appropriate IV APAP prescribing and reduce costs. Design, Setting, Participants: Quality improvement project at a 562-bed academic medical center involving all inpatient admissions from 2010 to 2017. Interventions: Using Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) methodology, our Pharmacy & Therapeutics (P&T) committee aimed to reduce inappropriate use of IV APAP by refinement of restriction criteria, development of clinical decision support in the electronic medical record, education of clinical staff on appropriate use, and empowerment of hospital pharmacists to enforce restrictions. Measurements: Monthly IV APAP utilization and spending were assessed using statistical process control charts. Balancing measures included monthly usage of IV opioid, IV ketorolac, and oral ibuprofen. Results: Five PDSA cycles were conducted during the study period. Monthly spending on IV APAP decreased from the highest average of $56 038 per month to $5822 per month at study conclusion. Interventions resulted in an 80% annual cost savings, or an approximate savings of $600 000 per year. Usage of IV opioids, IV ketorolac, and oral ibuprofen showed no major changes during the study period. Conclusions: IV APAP can be restricted in a safe and cost effective manner without concomitant increase in IV opioid use.
Robust and adaptive control design of a drilling rig during the operating modes
Authors: Nobahar Sadeghi Amir , Arıkan Kutluk Bilge , Özbek Mehmet Efe , Baranoğlu Besim
Published: April 2019

Oil well drilling towers have different operating modes during a real operation, like drilling, tripping, and reaming. Each mode involves certain external disturbances and uncertainties. In this study, using the nonlinear model for the modes of the operation, robust and/or adaptive control systems are designed based on the models. These control strategies include five types of controllers: cascaded proportional–integral–derivative, active disturbance rejection controller, loop shaping, feedback error learning, and sliding mode controller. The study presents the design process of these controllers and evaluates the performances of the proposed control systems to track the reference signal and reject the uncertain forces including the parametric uncertainties and the external disturbances. This comparison is based on the mathematical performance measures and energy consumption. In addition, three architectures are presented to control the weight on bit during drilling process, and also to maintain a preset constant weight on bit, two control approaches are designed and presented.
Model and formulation in grinding mechanism having advanced secondary rotational axis
Authors: Adiyaman Oktay , Demir Zülküf
Published: April 2019

“Grinding Mechanism having Advanced Secondary Rotational Axis” is one of the newer plane surface grinding methods that has an uncommon abrasion mechanism. Unlike conventional methods, in Grinding Mechanism having Advanced Secondary Rotational Axis, there are two rotations of a wheel. The first rotation is the same as the conventional grinding methods, which is the circumferential rotation. The other rotation is the newly developed axial rotation, where the wheel rotates around itself perpendicular to its radial axis. In the grinding process, the grinding force, energy, power, and temperature are directly related to the material removal rate. In this article, the chip model in Grinding Mechanism having Advanced Secondary Rotational Axis was addressed and material removal rate was reformulated. The new chip ratio formula was adapted to the grinding force, energy, power, and temperature in the conventional plane surface grinding method. The chip formed in the conventional plane surface grinding method consists of two-dimensional xy plane. In Grinding Mechanism having Advanced Secondary Rotational Axis, on the other hand, the chips consist of three-dimensional xyz plane. The reason behind this is the second rotation obtained in Grinding Mechanism having Advanced Secondary Rotational Axis (axial rotational motion). The chip model was obtained from the combination of two rotations in Grinding Mechanism having Advanced Secondary Rotational Axis. As a result, the resulting chip model increased the material removal rate only slightly and this increase was negligible. Accordingly, an increase in grinding force, energy, power, and temperature was observed at negligible rates.
A spintronic memristor crossbar array for fuzzy control with application in the water valves control system
Authors: Jun Liu , Shouyong Xie , Chong Chen , Dan Xie , Mingjin Yang
Published: April 2019

Fuzzy control, an intelligent control method, is generally employed to deal with complex nonlinear controlled objects that cannot be expressed by accurate mathematical model. Memristor, whose unique advantages are automatic successive memory and nonvolatility, brought new opportunity for solving the key question of fuzzy control. With the design idea of software harden, this paper first constructed membership function in the fuzzy controller based on the unique feature of crossbar array of the spintronic memristor and elaborated the whole construction process. After that, this paper simulated the construction process with MATLAB simulation software, verifying its reasonability and feasibility. Furthermore, a typical fuzzy control water tank system was chosen to explore and discuss the flexibility of spintronic memristor crossbar array in the real-time control system, and the proposed control strategy and the typical fuzzy control strategy were compared. The results revealed that the proposed control strategy was able to attain the effectiveness of the typical fuzzy control system in the real-time control system. This sets light to future research on the implementation of memristor crossbar array in the real-time control system and also promotes the application of fuzzy controller design idea. The problems needed to be solved when implementing memristor crossbar array in the real-time control system were discussed in the final section.
Limited Consequences of a Transition From Activity-Based Financing to Budgeting: Four Reasons Why According to Swedish Hospital Managers
Authors: Ellegård Lina Maria , Glenngård Anna Häger
Published: April 2019

Activity-based financing (ABF) and global budgeting are two common reimbursement models in hospital care that embody different incentives for cost containment and quality. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe perceptions from the provider perspective about how and why replacing variable ABF by global budgets affects daily operations and provided services. The study setting is a large Swedish county council that went from traditional budgeting to an ABF system and then back again in the period 2005-2012. Based on semistructured interviews with midlevel managers and analysis of administrative data, we conclude that the transition back from ABF to budgeting has had limited consequences and suggest 4 reasons why: (1) Midlevel managers dampen effects of changes in the external control; (2) the actual design of the different reimbursement models differed from the textbook design; (3) the purchasing body’s use of other management controls did not change; (4) incentives bypassing the purchasing body’s controls dampened the consequences. The study highlights the challenges associated with improvement strategies that rely exclusively on budget system changes within traditional tax-funded and politically managed health care systems.
Promoting Self-Determination for Students with Visual Impairments: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Cmar Jennifer L. , Markoski Kasey
Published: April 2019

Introduction:

Self-determination is a highly valued but under-researched component of the expanded core curriculum for students with visual impairments. In this study, the authors present results of a literature review on self-determination for children and youths with visual impairments (i.e., those who are blind or have low vision).

Method:

Self-determination studies were identified through searches of electronic databases for articles published from 2003 to 2016. Two researchers reviewed the articles and rated them in terms of quality indicators for research in special education.

Results:

Eleven articles, using correlational, qualitative, group experimental or quasi-experimental, and single-case research designs, met inclusion criteria for this literature review. Adherence to the quality indicators varied from 33% to 100%.

Discussion:

Students with visual impairments need age-appropriate opportunities to develop self-determination skills in school, home, and community settings. Short-term, focused programs and interventions may be promising methods for teaching self-determination skills; however, more research needs to be conducted to establish evidence-based practices in this area.

Implications for practitioners:

Practitioners can facilitate development of self-determination skills by supporting students in making decisions affecting their lives, encouraging involvement of students in the education and transition planning processes, and promoting self-advocacy.
Immanent teleologies versus historical regressions: Some political remarks on Honneth’s Hegelianism
Authors: Solinas Marco
Published: April 2019

The article is focused on Honneth’s teleology of history, presented as a historical process of gradual realization of an immanent normative ‘telos’, and not only as a form of axiological evaluation of events and social institutions. The author aims to show that this teleology implies a series of problems both on the level of historical analysis and with respect to the theoretical-political and critical-social outcomes of the new Hegelian critical theory. Particularly, it seems to marginalize the contingent character of historical-political conflicts and the related possibility of regressive implications and consequences of such conflicts, leading to a de-politicization of the immanent theoretical framework at stake.
Trajectory representation and landmark projection for continuous-time structure from motion
Authors: Ovrén Hannes , Forssén Per-Erik
Published: April 2019

This paper revisits the problem of continuous-time structure from motion, and introduces a number of extensions that improve convergence and efficiency. The formulation with a [Formula: see text]-continuous spline for the trajectory naturally incorporates inertial measurements, as derivatives of the sought trajectory. We analyze the behavior of split spline interpolation on [Formula: see text] and on [Formula: see text], and a joint spline on [Formula: see text], and show that the latter implicitly couples the direction of translation and rotation. Such an assumption can make good sense for a camera mounted on a robot arm, but not for hand-held or body-mounted cameras. Our experiments in the Spline Fusion framework show that a split spline on [Formula: see text] is preferable over an [Formula: see text] spline in all tested cases. Finally, we investigate the problem of landmark reprojection on rolling shutter cameras, and show that the tested reprojection methods give similar quality, whereas their computational load varies by a factor of two.
Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in a patient of advanced age: a case report and analysis
Authors: Qiu QiongYa , Yang JinXiu , Wang XingXiang
Published: April 2019

A 61-year-old Chinese man presented with a nearly 30-year history of an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery. He had been diagnosed with an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery in 1989. He then underwent regular echocardiographic examinations and it was found that his heart was gradually enlarging. After a >20-year asymptomatic period, he developed recurrent chest discomfort and palpitation. Coronary computed tomography angiography suggested that the left coronary artery anomaly originated from the pulmonary artery; additionally, the right coronary artery was tortuous and thickened. Coronary angiography showed that the right coronary artery was huge and buckling. The patient underwent corrective surgery of the anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery, aortic valve mechanical valve replacement, mitral valve plasty, and tricuspid valve plasty in Fuwai Hospital (National Center of Cardiovascular Disease of China), and the anatomic results of the surgery were good.
Isolated Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction for Patellar Instability Regardless of Tibial Tubercle–Trochlear Groove Distance and Patellar Height: Outcomes at 1 and 2 Years
Authors: Erickson Brandon J. , Nguyen Joseph , Gasik Katelyn , Gruber Simone , Brady Jacqueline , Shubin Stein Beth E.
Published: April 2019

Background:

It is unclear which patients with recurrent patellar instability require a bony procedure in addition to medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction.

Purpose:

To report 1- and 2-year outcomes of patients after isolated MPFL reconstruction performed for patellar instability regardless of patellar height, tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance, or trochlear dysplasia.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

All patients with recurrent patellar instability and without significant unloadable chondral defects (Outerbridge grade IV), cartilage defects (especially inferior/lateral patella), previous failed surgery, or pain >50% as their chief complaint were prospectively enrolled beginning March 2014. All patients underwent primary, unilateral, isolated MPFL reconstruction regardless of concomitant bony pathology for treatment of recurrent patellar instability. Information on recurrent subjective instability, dislocations, ability to return to sport (RTS), and outcome scores was recorded at 1 and 2 years. TT-TG distance, patellar height (with the Caton-Deschamps index), and trochlear depth were measured.

Results:

Ninety patients (77% female; mean ± SD age, 19.4 ± 5.6 years) underwent MPFL reconstruction between March 2014 and August 2017: 72 (80%) reached 1-year follow-up, and 47 (52.2%) reached 2-year follow-up (mean follow-up, 2.2 years). Mean TT-TG distance was 14.7 ± 5.4 mm (range, –2.2 to 26.8 mm); mean patellar height, 1.2 ± 0.11 mm (range, 0.89-1.45 mm); and mean trochlear depth, 1.8 ± 1.4 mm (range, 0.05-6.85 mm). Ninety-six percent of patients at 1 year and 100% at 2 years had no self-reported patellofemoral instability; 1 patient experienced a redislocation at 3.5 years. RTS rates at 1 and 2 years were 90% and 88%, respectively. Mean time to RTS was 8.8 months. All patients had clinically and statistically significant improvement in mean Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score–Quality of Life (32.7 to 72.0, P < .001), mean International Knee Documentation Committee subjective form (51.4 to 82.6, P < .001), and mean Kujala score (62.2 to 89.5, P < .001). No difference existed between 1- and 2-year outcome scores (all P > .05).

Conclusion:

At early follow-up of 1 and 2 years, isolated MPFL reconstruction is an effective treatment for patellar instability and provides significant improvements in outcome scores with a low redislocation/instability rate regardless of bony pathologies, including TT-TG distance, Caton-Deschamps index, and trochlear dysplasia. Future data from this cohort will be used to assess long-term outcomes.
Seeking Justice on the Web: How News Media and Social Norms Drive the Practice of Cyber Vigilantism
Authors: Chia Stella C.
Published: April 2019

Cyber vigilantism, in particular crowdsourced vigilantism, is a newly emerging practice whereby people expose misconducts and identify culprits through collaboratively searching and publicizing information using the Internet. This study proposes a theory-oriented framework with which we demonstrate that individuals’ media exposure and perceived social norms may interact and jointly predict their reception of and reactions to the practice. We tested the framework with web survey data of 800 adults in Taiwan. Results showed that the frequency and the ways in which the press covers cyber vigilantism were both directly and indirectly associated with individuals’ acceptance of or resistance to cyber vigilantism. The indirect associations were mediated by individuals’ evaluations and perceived social acceptance of the practice. We suggest that obtaining favorable news coverage is essential for cyber vigilantism to gain acceptance and attract crowds. When modeling or predicting the structure and evolving process of this newly emerging cyber practice, researchers may want to consider the overall media environment, social context, and personal evaluations.