bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A hangszeres zene tanulásában szerepet játszó motivációs tényezők
Authors: Földi Fanni , Józsa Krisztián
Published: February 2022

A tanulmányban a hangszeres zenét tanuló diákok motivációját elemezzük. A hazai motivációkutatások eddig még alig vizsgálták a hangszeres zenetanulás motivációs hátterét, ezért fókuszálunk erre a területre. Kutatásunk a Motivation for Learning Music (MLM, hangszertanulási motiváció) kérdőívet alkalmaztuk, melyet magyar nyelvre adaptáltunk. A vizsgálati eszközt az öndeterminációs elmélet alapján dolgozták ki. Összesen 25 Likert-típusú állítást tartalmaz, melyek a következő faktorokba rendeződnek: motiválatlanság, külső szabályozás, introjekció, azonosulás és intrinzik motiváció. A vizsgálatban 10–18 éves tanulók vettek részt, összesen 151 fő. A mérőeszköz faktoriális validitása és az öt skála reliabilitása megfelelő. Elemzéseink rámutatnak, hogy a középfokon tanuló diákok motiváltsága erősebb, mint az alapfokon tanulóké. Eltérés van a különböző hangszereken tanulók elköteleződésében. Nincs azonban különbség a fiúk és a lányok motiváltságában. A hangszertanulás iránti motiváltságban szerepet játszik a gyermek önállóságának, autonómiájának támogatása. A kutatás eredményei hozzájárulhatnak, hogy mélyebben megismerjük a zenét tanuló diákok motivációját.
From qualitative data to a measurement instrument: a clarification and elaboration of choices made in the development of the Patient Scale of the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) 3.0.
Authors: Michelle  , Tyack Zephanie , Westerman Marjan , pleat jonathon , Pijpe Anouk , van Zuijlen Paul P.M. , de Vet Henrica C. W. , Mokkink Lidwine
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To clarify and elaborate on the choices that were made in the development of the Patient Scale of the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale 3.0 (POSAS 3.0), based upon the rich information obtained from patients during focus groups and pilot tests. Methods: The discussions described in this paper are a reflection of the focus group study and pilot tests that were conducted in order to develop the Patient Scale of the POSAS3.0. The focus group took place in the Netherlands and Australia and included 45 participants. Pilot test interviews were performed with 15 participants in Australia, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.Results: We discussed the selection and wording of 9 included items. The merging 8 characteristics into 4 items was discussed. Finally, the reasons for exclusion of 23 characteristics are given. Conclusion: Based upon the unique and rich material of patient input obtained, two versions of the Patient Scale of the POSAS3.0 were developed: the Generic version, and the Linear scar version. The discussions and decisions taken during the development are informative for a good understanding of the POSAS 3.0 and are indispensable as a background for future translations and cross-cultural adaptations.
A Theory of Anxiety Conditions
Authors: Anxiety Theory
Published: February 2022

This article proposes that we may be able to identify the casual mechanism underlying a range of anxiety conditions by directly observing and formalising the components and dynamics of our conscious experience. However, as emphasised throughout, due to its nature this is only a theory about me, and can only ever be falsified on an individual basis. Therefore, I am keen to share the ideas and theory I came to in order to understand if others experience similar components and dynamics in their own conscious experience. If they do, I believe it could have significant implications for how we understand these conditions and the therapeutic approaches to treating them.
Implementing Content-Based Instruction (CBI) on EFL Student’s Writing through Technology-Enhanced Language Teaching
Authors: Sariani Sariani , Yaningsih Yaningsih , Rozi Fazrol
Published: February 2022

Several empirical studies of Content-Based Instruction (CBI) have concluded that this approach has positive impacts in improving language learning skills including writing in foreign language learning environments. However, many of them carried out this approach within the traditional setting; face-to-face interaction instead of the e-learning. This current study is aimed to examine the impact of CBI on EFL learner’s writing through technology-enhanced language teaching. The approach was implemented in students who wrote e-brochure for the final project. It was a qualitative study where the data was obtained from assessing the writing documents using e-brochure scoring rubrics. The rubrics focused on functional adequacy containing of five dimensions: (1) organization of information, (2) content-accuracy and information validity, (3) spelling and mechanics, (4) attractiveness and organization, and (5) graphics/ pictures. Semi-structured interview was taken as the supporting data. The findings showed that CBI was beneficial on the EFL’s writing in advancing the writing skill, increasing the creativity in designing the brochure, and enhancing the interaction with the lecturer through the use of technology. For further research, teachers are invited to engage the students with specific CBI activities in diversified contexts.
Nursing ‘new normal’ education: an investigation of barriers and strategies of curriculum planning to meet national standards
Authors: Jainurakhma Janes
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has a major effect on nursing education in Indonesia, it needs for adaptation of the curriculum to achieve competent nursing graduates meet national and international standards. The aim of this study is to explore the barriers and strategies of nursing education of private institutions, in curriculum planning in the new normal era during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in five nursing study programs in East Java. Data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews, observations, documentation studies of 25 participants, with the criteria of lecturers being actively involved in curriculum planning based on Indonesian national standards. The data used purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The data validity is carried out with four criteria: credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability. Data analysis was carried out using the model approach of Miles, Huberman & Saldana. Data records from interviews, observations and documentation then carried out data selection, reducing, focusing on data findings (data condensation). Results: The study found five themes: (1) barriers from human resources, (2) barriers during the curriculum planning process, (3) barriers for Nursing Study Program lecturers in obtaining information sources related to Indonesian Qualification framework-based curriculum planning, (4) strengthen the pro-active leadership of study programs; (5) foster dynamic communication between curriculum teams. Conclusion: The results showed, in pandemic crisis COVID-19, the need for a curriculum planning workshop with clear technical guidelines in producing an effective, efficient, adaptable nursing curriculum, the effective one of planning has high potential in producing high quality nursing graduates.
FExGAN-Meta: Facial Expression Generation with Meta Humans
Authors: Siddiqui J. Rafid
Published: February 2022

The subtleness of human facial expressions and a large degree of variation in the level of intensity to which a human expresses them is what makes it challenging to robustly classify and generate images of facial expressions. Lack of good quality data can hinder the performance of a deep learning model. In this article, we have proposed a Facial Expression Generation method for Meta-Humans (FExGAN-Meta) that works robustly with the images of Meta-Humans. We have prepared a large dataset of facial expressions exhibited by ten Meta-Humans when placed in a studio environment and then we have evaluated FExGAN-Meta on the collected images. The results show that FExGAN-Meta robustly generates and classifies the images of Meta-Humans for the simple as well as the complex facial expressions.
Dietary patterns of patients suffering from Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 visiting Tertiary Care Hospitals, Lahore.
Authors: The Annals of Research
Published: February 2022

Background & Aim:Diabetes is an increasing health problem all around the world. 382 million individuals reported as diabetic in 2013 and are expected to increase to 592 million by 2035. The prevalence of diabetes in Pakistan was 13.14 percent. Objective: To assess the dietary patterns of patients suffering from diabetes mellitus type 2 visiting tertiary care hospitals in Lahore.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at the diabetes department of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, during Dec-2017 to March-2018 and completed months using the convenient sampling technique. Data was collected after taking informed written consent The data of 100 patients was collected through a pre-tested questionnaire. Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to determine the dietary patterns of the patients. Data were analyzed statistically using SPSS version 21.0. Frequencies were calculated, Pearson’s chi-square test was applied. Results: Out of 100 patients included in this study, 42% patients were overweight, 66% were not doing exercise 62% were consuming fried foods, 44% were consuming rice 1-2 times per week, 29% were consuming meat weekly, 70% were consuming starchy vegetables 3-4 times per week, 58% were consuming fruits once a week, 51% were consuming sugar once a week. Analysis revealed a significant association between excess weight gain and fried foods consumption.Conclusions: Lack of physical activity and large consumption of fried foods were the causes of excessive weight gain. Unhealthy eating behavior was found to be the root cause of diabetes type 2.
The Swiss Student Life Study: Codebook
Authors: Elmer Timon , Mepham Kieran , Hoffman Marion , Boda Zsófia , Raabe Isabel J. , Vörös András , Stadtfeld Christoph
Published: February 2022

The Swiss Student Life study was conducted between 2016 and 2020 (Vörös et al. 2021; Stadtfeld et al. 2019). Its aim was to understand the emergence of a student community and its short-term and long-term effects on the academic outcomes and well-being of its members. While similar questions and settings are commonly examined using a single data collection technique (e.g. survey, observation), we employ multiple methods to map the social dynamics of the community at different time periods and on different time scales. The study follows three cohorts of students (Cohort I: N = 226, Cohort II: N = 244, Cohort III: N = 652), who started 3-year bachelor programs at a Swiss technical university in 2016 and 2017. Members of each cohort shared most of their classes and often did course work in groups. Students came from various regions and countries; at the beginning of their studies, most of them did not know each other. However, after a few months they developed densely-knit multidimensional social networks, which were likely to influence their university experience and outcomes. This codebook document describes the various kinds of data that have been collected in the context of the Swiss StudentLife Study.
Facial masculinity predicts men’s actual and perceived aggressiveness
Authors: Caton Neil Robert , Zhao Amy , Lewis David M. G. , Dixson Barnaby
Published: February 2022

Status obtained via dominance is a phylogenetically ancient feature of human social systems. Yet empirical evidence that men’s secondary sexual traits reliably predict success in intra-sexual contests has been hard to demonstrate. The present work provides the first test of whether masculine craniofacial structures in men predicts aggressiveness in contest competition and whether people accurately assess such aggressiveness from masculine facial cues. After placing 32,447 facial landmarks on the facial stimuli of 457 male fighters, multivariate geometric morphometric analyses extracted 142 distinct facial metrics and revealed that men with better developed masculine facial traits (e.g., large jaw, large browridge, deep-set eyes) attempted more strikes and successfully struck their opponents, including targeting the face. When rating the facial stimuli of these male fighters, participants (N = 500) used men’s masculine facial traits to accurately predict these same components of aggressiveness, including targeting the face. These findings remained robust after accounting for the fighter’s age, total fights, weight division, height, fight duration, and their opponent’s striking frequency. Our findings provide the first evidence that humans accurately forecast men’s agonistic behavior from variation in facial morphology, suggesting perceptual systems have evolved to perceive physical formidability among contemporaries and competitors.
All-or-none neural mechanisms underlying face categorisation: evidence from the N170
Authors: Jin Haiyang , Hayward William , Corballis Paul Michael
Published: February 2022

Categorisation of visual stimuli is an intrinsic aspect of human perception. Whether the cortical mechanisms underlying categorisation operate in an all-or-none or graded fashion remains unclear. In this study, we addressed this issue in the context of the face-specific N170. Specifically, we investigated whether N170 amplitudes grade with the amount of face information available in an image, or a full response is generated whenever a face is perceived. We employed linear mixed-effects modelling to inspect the dependency of N170 amplitudes on stimulus properties and duration, and their relationships to participants’ subjective perception. Consistent with previous studies, we found a stronger N170 evoked by faces presented for longer durations regardless of subjective confidence in perceptual categorisation. However, further analysis with equivalence tests revealed that this duration effect was eliminated when only faces perceived with high confidence were considered. Therefore, previous evidence supporting the graded hypothesis is more likely to be an artefact of mixing heterogeneous “all” and “none” trial types in signal averaging. These results support the hypothesis that the N170 is generated in an all-or-none manner, and, by extension, suggest that categorisation of faces may follow a similar pattern.
Mothers’ and fathers’ executive function both predict emergent executive function in toddlerhood
Authors: Ribner Andrew David , Devine Rory Thomas , Hughes Claire , Blair Clancy B.
Published: February 2022

There are multivariate influences on the development of children’s executive function throughout the lifespan and substantial individual differences can be seen as early as when children are one and two years of age. These individual differences are moderately stable throughout early childhood, but more research is needed to better understand their origins. To some degree, individual differences in executive function are correlated between mother and child, but no research to date has examined these associations prior to when children are preschool age, nor have any studies considered the role of fathers’ and mothers’ executive function in tandem. Here, we use a sample of 484 families (Mothers 89.2% white; Fathers 92.5% white) in three countries (UK, USA, Netherlands) to investigate the role of each parents’ executive function on the development of children’s (49.7% female) executive function from 14 (M=14.42, SD=.57) to 24 (M=24.47, SD=.78) months, as well as parenting practices that underlie these associations. Results of structural equation models suggest stability in some—but not all—components of executive function and growing unity between components as children age. We replicate extant findings such that mothers’ executive function predicts children’s executive function over and above stability and extend these findings to include associations between father and child skills. We find an additive role of fathers’ EF, similar in magnitude to the role of mothers’ EF. Finally, for both mothers and fathers we find that sensitivity and autonomy supportive practices mediate the relations between parents’ and children’s executive function.
The CannTeen Study: Verbal Episodic Memory, Spatial Working Memory, and Response Inhibition in Adolescent and Adult Cannabis Users and Age-Matched Controls PRE-PRINT
Authors: Lawn Will , Fernandez-Vinson Natalia , Mokrysz Claire , Hogg Georgia , Lees Rachel , Trinci Katie , Petrilli Katherine , Borissova Anna , Ofori Shelan , Waters Shona , Michór Paulina , Wall Matthew , Freeman Tom , Curran Val
Published: February 2022

Background: Preclinical and human studies suggest that adolescent cannabis use may be associated with worse cognitive outcomes than adult cannabis use. We investigated the associations between chronic cannabis use and cognitive function in adolescent and adult cannabis users and controls. We hypothesised user-status would be negatively associated with cognitive function and this relationship would be stronger in adolescents than adults.Methods: As part of the ‘CannTeen’ project, this cross-sectional study assessed cognitive performance in adolescent cannabis users (n=76; 16-17-year-olds), adolescent controls (n=63), adult cannabis users (n=71; 26-29-year-olds) and adult controls (n=64). Users used cannabis 1-7 days/week. Verbal episodic memory (VEM) was assessed using the prose recall task, spatial working memory (SWM) was assessed using the spatial n-back task, and response inhibition was assessed with the stop-signal task. Primary outcome variables were: delayed recall, 3-back discriminability, and stop signal reaction time, respectively.Results: Users had worse VEM than controls (F(1,268)=7.423, p=0.007). There were no significant differences between user-groups on SWM or response inhibition. Null differences were supported by Bayesian analyses. No significant interactions between age-group and user-group were found for VEM, SWM, or response inhibition. Conclusions: Consistent with previous research, there was an association between chronic cannabis use and poorer VEM, but chronic cannabis use was not associated with SWM or response inhibition. We did not find evidence for heightened adolescent vulnerability to cannabis-related cognitive impairment.
Post-COVID19 Challenges and Opportunities for Tokyo Tourism
Authors: Shen Yaru , Gong Rui
Published: February 2022

Faced with the heavy impact of the COVID19 pandemic on the tourism industry, various countries are actively seeking countermeasures. Tokyo, Japan, which has made the third industry an important part of its economy, also suffered heavy losses. However, this study, by investigating the history of tourism industry development in Japan, found that after more than 2 years of pandemic, Tokyo in the post-COVID19 era has more opportunities and challenges for the revival of tourism industry. The weapons and shields found in this study are unique to Tokyo, such as superior medical resources and a stable social environment. There are still some challenges, but overall, there are more opportunities than challenges for Tokyo. This study concludes that Tokyo will have an advantage over other tourist cities in the post-COVID19 era. This conclusion will revive the confidence of third industry-related practitioners in Tokyo and will contribute to the revival of the Japanese tourism industry.
Four levers of reciprocity across human societies: concepts, analysis and predictions
Authors: Lehmann Laurent , Powers Simon T. , van Schaik Carel P.
Published: February 2022

This paper surveys five human societal types -- mobile foragers, horticulturalists, pre-state agriculturalists, state-based agriculturalists, and liberal democracies -- from the perspective of three core social problems faced by interacting individuals: coordination problems, social dilemmas, and contest problems. We characterize the occurrence of these problems in the different societal types and enquire into the main force keeping societies together given the prevalence of these. To address this, we consider the social problems in light of the theory of repeated games, and delineate the role of intertemporal incentives in sustaining cooperative behaviour through the reciprocity principle. We analyze the population, economic and political structural features of the five societal types, and show that intertemporal incentives have been adapted to the changes in scope and scale of the core social problems as societies grew in size. In all societies, reciprocity mechanisms appear to solve the social problems by enabling lifetime direct benefits to individuals for cooperation. Our analysis leads us to predict that as societies increase in complexity, they need more of the following four features to enable the scalability and adaptability of the reciprocity principle: nested grouping, decentralized enforcement and local information, centralized enforcement and coercive power, and formal rules.
Every tenth child: Heterogeneity in characteristics and life-course patterns among children in contact with child welfare services
Authors: Borgen Nicolai T. , Frønes Ivar , Raaum Oddbjørn
Published: February 2022

Every tenth Norwegian child has been in contact with the child welfare services (CWS) before age 18. This paper describes the variation in background characteristics of CWS children with different types of services and their life-course trajectories from ages 10 to 25, compared to other children. We use high-quality population-wide Norwegian register data, covering about 860 000 children from birth cohorts 1987-2001, of which roughly 85 000 have received a CWS initiative. CWS children typically have lower socioeconomic backgrounds than other children. In terms of individual outcomes, they are more likely to have a criminal charge, be prescribed drugs for mental health and ADHD, fail in the educational system, and experience labor market marginalization. However, the heterogeneity among CWS children receiving different initiatives is more pronounced than differences between those in contact and those not. Adolescents with multisystemic therapy (MST) have the most unfavorable life-course patterns, in line with children in childcare institutions. Still, MST youth enter CWS late and have an advantaged family background compared to other CWS children, suggesting that individual-level risk factors are particularly important for sorting into MST.
Strukturüberlegungen zur Kultusministerkonferenz (KMK). Rahmenempfehlungen für die neue Strukturkommission zur Weiterentwicklung der KMK
Authors: Rackles Mark
Published: February 2022

Die Kultusministerkonferenz (KMK) als Steuerungsarena der Bildungspolitik weist historisch gewachsene Strukturschwächen auf. Die von der KMK selbst vorgesehene Strukturkommission kann eine Chance auf verbesserte Steuerung bedeuten, wenn der Analyseauft rag nicht zu eng definiert wird. Notwendig ist ein ergebnisoffenes Hinterfragen des Kultus-Ansatzes, der drei Ressorts in eine Fachminister*innenkonferenz zwängt. Neben der Arbeitseffizienz des KMK-Sekretariats sowie der Stärkung der politischen Ebene muss schließlich auch die Ausgestaltung effizienter Bund-Länder-Beziehungen im Lichte übergreifender Erfahrungen wie der Corona-Pandemie thematisiert werden.
Impact of Distance on learning outcomes: A case study of community school in Dhankuta district
Authors: Sherpa Dawa
Published: February 2022

The intent of this study is to identify the impact of distance on the educational achievement of students at community schools in Dhankuta district of Province 1. Regarding the philosophical standpoint, this study embraces the positivist paradigm. The ontological assumption is the multiple realities of the phenomena. Similarly, the interaction and experiences of the participants are considered as epistemological understanding. Class eight students' mark sheet (Mathematics, English, and Nepali) were studied to generate the quantitative data followed by a semi structured interview of purposively selected participants to generate the qualitative data. In the quantitative analysis, the mean and variance of distance and achievement were measured. Likewise, the Pearson's correlation coefficient between distance and score in English, Mathematics, and Nepali were obtained by using the statistical software SPSS. In the qualitative phase, the phenomenological inquiry sought two essential themes related to distance from home and educational achievement, named subject preference and home school coordination. The quantitative and qualitative findings from the two phases of study proved that the travel distance of the student affects educational achievement, preferably in major subjects. Implications are provided for policy makers, concerned government institutions, and teachers to consider in countries' educational reform.
Develop simulation library of pulley tackle mechanisms for drilling systems
Authors: Slabyi О. О. , Tsidylo І. V.
Published: February 2022

The article considers issues of approaches to modeling spatial and planar pulley-block mechanisms in com-ponent-based hierarchical modeling systems for analysis of their stable and transient functional modes in the time domain. To do this, the analysis of developed models of pulley systems in existing works and justification of impos-sible use of the modeling approaches during synthesis of models of pulley-block systems of arbitrary structures in component- based modeling media are performed. Based on this, an alternative approach to the development of pulley-block, systems based on the principles of free, declarative, component- based modeling language Modelica is proposed. Using the typical design of a spatial pulley-block mechanism as an example, the order of its decompo-sition into individual components and subsequent aggregation from these components of the simulation model is considered. Separately, the main structural components, used to build models of tackle mechanisms of drilling systems are considered: a cable section, a block, a plug and winches, and mathematical models of their work are designed. The laws of combining these components with each other and the synthesis procedure of simulation models of the operation of block mechanisms of arbitrary design are described. Separate issues are considered regarding the determination of the length of the cable section, combining two spatially located blocks, as well as checking the adequacy of the synthesized simulation model. Based on the proposed approaches and mathematical models, a “Wire” modeling library was developed in Modelica language, which can be used to build simulation models of pulley-block mechanisms of drilling systems and an example of its use when creating a simulation model of a single riser wire tensioner is presented.
Bearing capacity of steel fiber reinforced concrete with different fiber types
Authors: Surianinov M. G. , Neutov S. P. , Korneieva I. B. , Velychko D. V.
Published: February 2022

The paper presents study results of the load-bearing capacity of fibroconcrete during dispersed reinforce-ment with steel fiber of three different types - anchor, flattened and corrugated. In all experiments, fiber was added in an amount of 1% by volume, which, as established in the preliminary tests conducted by the authors, is the op-timal percentage of reinforcement. The tests were performed on prisms and cubes measuring 100x100x400 mm and 100x100x100 mm, respectively, aged for 28 days.Four groups of prisms and cubes were manufactured. One - from usual concrete (with the sizes of large aggregate to 10 mm) of the C20/25 class, and three more - with different types of fibers. Each group consisted of six samples. All tests were performed on a press specially prepared for this purpose. Clock-type indicators, one for each, were attached to the side surfaces of the prisms to measure longitu-dinal deformations during loading. The load was applied in equal steps with a holding time of 10 minutes. The test results are presented in the form of graphs of the dependences of the relative deformation on the stress and in tab-ular form. When testing the cubes, only the maximum loads were recorded, due to the impossibility of stable fixing of sensors. It was found that the load-bearing capacity of steel fiber does not depend on the fiber type, but its pres-ence in the concrete changes the nature of the destruction of the sample. Instead of instantaneous brittle destruc-tion, a slow current process is observed, and the prism does not disintegrate into separate parts, but remains a single array with through cracks; fiber fibers keep it from final destruction. Prisms with steel fiber content with-stood loads 11% higher than concrete samples. The use of steel fiber improves not only the load-bearing capacity, but also the deformability. The relative longitudinal deformation of reinforced concrete was on average 36% higher than that of concrete due to the presence of pseudoplastic deformation phase in fibroconcrete.
Lesotho Tourists’ Perspectives Towards the Delivery of Private Service Providers
Authors: Rasethuntsa Boitumelo Caroline
Published: February 2022

Tourism is globally rated among the fastest-growing industries contributing considerably to the global Gross Domestic Product, job creation, investment, and export revenue. Meeting the demands of the tourism clientele is an essential component to yield these desired economic benefits. However, African countries such as Lesotho are missing out on the tourism economic benefits as evidenced by the rankings provided by the Travel and Tourism Competitive Index reports since 2007. This research therefore examines the perspectives of tourists towards the services offered by the private service providers in Lesotho with the aim of identifying weaknesses prohibiting Lesotho to be a competitive tourist destination. Qualitative research approach was adopted to guide this study where in-depth interviews were conducted with both international and domestic tourists. A constant comparative method of data analysis was utilised to analyse the collected primary data. The findings of the study indicated that tourists are dissatisfied with car/taxi hire, accommodation, restaurants, retail shops, and bus transport service quality. The study provided some strategies to improve service offered by the sectors under investigation.
Exploring Significance of Commercial Hospitality to Communities: A Study of Malete
Authors: Fagbolu Olukemi Deborah , Ogunlan Barakat Iyabo
Published: February 2022

This paper explores the significance of commercial hospitality to the Malete community. The empirical study employs a quantitative method and a semi-structured questionnaire to gather data. Data are presented on tables and analyzed using PSPP frequency distribution and percentages. Findings show that the commercial hospitality business creates employment opportunities, especially for women in the community, to a great extent. Although commercial hospitality business operators are illiterate, they contribute immensely towards improving the means of livelihood in the community. Therefore, it is recommended that commercial hospitality businesses be considered carefully as a medium of employment creation.
Late Miocene Indarctos (Carnivora: Ursidae) from Kalmakpai Locality in Kazakhstan
Authors: Baryshnikov G.F. , Tleuberdina P.A.
Published: February 2022

The big bear from the genus Indarctos is studied for the Neogene fauna of Kazakhstan for the first time. Material is represented by the isolated М1 found at the Late Miocene deposits (MN13) of the Karabulak Formation of the Kalmakpai River (Zaisan Depression, Eastern Kazakhstan). Tooth size and its morphology suggest this finding to be referred to I. punjabiensis, which was widely distributed in Eurasia.
Mexican species of Cylloceria Schiødte (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cylloceriinae)
Authors: Khalaim A.I. , Humala A.E. , Ruiz-Cancino E. , Figueroa de la Rosa J.I.
Published: February 2022

Seven species of the genus Cylloceria are found to occur in Mexico. Of them, C. morelia Humala et Khalaim sp. nov. is described as new, and two species, C. alvaradoi Gauld and C. rubrica Dasch, are recorded from Mexico for the first time. New data on distribution of four other species in Mexico are provided. Cylloceria alvaradoi is also recorded for the first time from Panama. An identification key to seven Mexican species of Cylloceria is given.
Long-term Monitoring of Breeding and Transient Bird Populations on the Courish Spit of the Baltic Sea
Authors: Sokolov L.V. , Markovets M.Yu. , Shapoval A.P.
Published: February 2022

Since 1957, Biological Station Rybachy performs long-term monitoring of timing of spring and autumn migrations, timing of breeding and postfledging movements, dynamics of numbers of breeding and transient bird populations by standardized trapping in Rybachy-type funnel traps on the Courish Spit on Baltic coast. The results of monitoring strongly suggest that take place the long-term fluctuations of the timing migrations and numbers of local and transient populations. Current climate warming leads to earlier spring arrival not only in species that spend their winter within Europe, but also in long-distance African migrants. Colder weather, conversely, delays spring passage on 15–30 days. There are reasons to believe that climate change has influenced not only the timing of arrival to breeding grounds but also to the time of migratory departure from the winter quarters, both European and African ones. Climate change exerts a much smaller direct influence on the timing of autumn migration; the latter is more dependent on the timing of breeding. Earlier spring arrival usually leads to earlier breeding in the Baltic bird populations, which in its turn enhances breeding performance and leads to production of more young birds and thus to populations growth. Long-term monitoring of bird populations by Rybachy-type stationary traps is a powerful tool of studying the impact of climate on avian phenology and numbers.
THE FIRST ATTEMPT OF MAKING CHINESE CHARACTERS INTRODUCTION COURSE ONLINE COURSE – RESULT OF THREE YEARS
Authors: Somkina N.
Published: February 2022

The article deals with the way of solution to the main problems in making of Chinese Characters Introduction online course, which are the extent of theoretical part, teaching Chinese radicals, the necessity of pronunciation of radicals, Mastering the practical part, Testing the acquired knowledge, as well as some technical issues such as encoding problems, etc.
ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING
Authors: Solovey N. , Lyashenko L. , Letunovska I.
Published: February 2022

In connection with integration in the European and World educational concord higher education of Ukraine needs substantial modernization. One of its constituents is introduction of the newest educational technologies in the educational process. The article focuses on the issues of distance learning, highlights the major changes in distance education that have occurred in recent years during the pandemic and overviews the main problems of the new approach to e-learning. The authors come to the conclusion that distance learning will require qualified teachers who will introduce new methods and technologies into modern electronic textbooks, the material of which is based on the principles of programmable control of knowledge acquisition.
PHYTOTOXICITY OF SOILS PARKS ODESSA CITY (UKRAINE)
Authors: Domuschy S. , Trigub V.
Published: February 2022

The article presents the materials of the study of the phytotoxicity of soils in the park areas of the city of Odessa. The characteristic of some chemical and biological properties of urban soils is given. According to the content of humus, the soils of park areas are characterized as medium-low-humus. The study of soil phytotoxicity showed that the soils of all study areas slightly inhibited the growth of test crops, which indicates a favorable ecological situation. Based on the study of the phytotoxicity of soils in the park area of Odessa and the analysis of the results obtained, it is recommended to use Písum (pea) as a test object in studying the ecological situation in urban ecosystems.
OXIDATION OF ACETOXITOLUENES WITH MANGAN(III) ACETATE
Authors: Paramonova A. , Scholuch N.
Published: February 2022

The kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of ozone with acetoxytoluenes in an acetic anhydride solution in the presence of manganese acetate have been studied. The main reaction products under these conditions are hydroxybenzyl alcohols in the form of the corresponding acetoxybenzyl acetates (65-77%). The effect of manganese (II) acetate on the selectivity of oxidation with respect to the methyl group has been studied. The mechanism of redox catalysis is considered, which explains the obtained experimental data.
Recrudescent infection after deep brain stimulator reimplantation
Authors: Moser Matthew , Chitta Shripadh , O’Brien Patrick F. , Caras Andrew , Holloway Kathryn L.
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE

The efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in treating the symptoms of movement disorders can be life changing for patients. Thus, the 5%–15% incidence of stimulator-related infection requiring removal of the device can be particularly disheartening. Although DBS system reimplantation is generally successful, this is not always the case. The literature is replete with publications describing the incidence of infection and the associated features. However, the literature is sparse in terms of information on the incidence of recurrent or recrudescent infection after system reimplantation. The goal of this paper was to evaluate factors leading to unsuccessful reimplantation of a DBS system following initial infection.

METHODS

Data were reviewed for all DBS procedures performed by one surgeon (K.L.H.) over 19 years including the infectious agent, location of infection, treatment regimen, and subsequent reimplantation of a DBS system and long-term outcome.

RESULTS

In this series of 558 patients who had undergone DBS surgery, 37 (6.6%) subsequently developed an infection. Infections with methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter species, or coagulase-negative staphylococci were predominant. Four patients had cerebritis, one had meningitis, and the rest had soft tissue infections of the pocket or scalp. All had their entire DBS system explanted, followed by 4–6 weeks of intravenous antibiotics and surveillance for recrudescence for an additional period of at least 30 days. Twenty-five patients subsequently underwent DBS system reimplantation, and the procedure was successful in 22. Three of the 4 patients with cerebritis developed a subsequent wound infection after system reimplantation. None of the other 22 patients developed a recurrence. The odds ratio for developing a recurrent infection after cerebritis was 28.5 (95% CI 1.931–420.5, p = 0.007).

CONCLUSIONS

This study, the largest series of DBS system reimplantations following infection, demonstrated that most patients can have successful reimplantations without recurrent infection. However, patients who have had DBS-related cerebritis have a nearly 30-fold increased risk of developing reinfection after reimplantation. Alternative strategies for these patients are discussed.
Transseptal interforniceal endoscopic removal of superiorly recessed colloid cysts
Authors: Tosi Umberto , Uribe-Cardenas Rafael , Lara-Reyna Jacques , Villamater Francis N. , Perera Imali , Stieg Philip E. , Tsiouris Apostolos John , Souweidane Mark M.
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE

Transforaminal endoscopic colloid cyst resection is well described. However, some anatomical colloid cyst variants may warrant a modified approach. Rarely, colloid cysts separate the forniceal columns and grow superiorly within the leaflets of the septum pellucidum. Thus, the authors’ goal was to characterize the imaging features, clinical presentation, surgical strategy, and outcomes of patients with this superiorly recessed colloid cyst variant.

METHODS

A retrospective evaluation of patients who underwent endoscopic resection of colloid cysts from 1999 to 2020 was performed. The patients were dichotomized depending on whether the cyst was located predominately below the forniceal columns or was superiorly recessed (forniceal column separation with variable intraseptal extension). This comparative cohort study focused on clinical presentation, imaging features, operative technique, and patient outcome.

RESULTS

In total, 182 patients were identified. Seventeen patients had colloid cysts that were defined as superiorly recessed and underwent transseptal interforniceal removal, and 165 patients underwent a standard transforaminal approach. Patients had similar demographic characteristics. However, transseptal cysts were on average larger (17.8 mm vs 11.4 mm, p < 0.0001), and these patients had a greater frontal-occipital horn ratio (0.45 vs 0.41, p = 0.012). They were also more likely to have undergone a previous resection (p = 0.02). The two cohorts had similar surgical outcomes, with no differences in extent of resection, recurrence, or complications.

CONCLUSIONS

Superiorly recessed intraseptal colloid cysts are larger and tend to splay the bodies of the fornix, thus requiring a parasagittal transseptal interforniceal endoscopic approach. This achieves complete removal with comparatively negligible morbidity or rare recurrence (5.9%).
Intra-arterial injection of mesenchymal stem cells to accelerate neointima formation after endovascular stenting in a rabbit model
Authors: Panchendrabose Kapilan , Muram Sandeep , Belanger Brooke L. , Eesa Muneer , Almekhlafi Mohammed A. , Goyal Mayank , Wong John H. , Sen Arindom , Menon Bijoy K. , Har Bryan , Mitha Alim P.
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE

Delayed neointima formation over a neurovascular stent is associated with thrombotic complications that can lead to stroke. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether an intra-arterial injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) after stent placement leads to improved neointima and reduced thrombus formation over the device.

METHODS

Solitaire stents were placed into the aortas of rabbits that were divided into MSC and control groups. The MSC group received an intra-arterial injection of MSCs through the same microcatheter used for stent deployment. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to evaluate and compare neointima and thrombus formation in a blinded fashion. Explanted specimens were also imaged with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and evaluated by observers blinded to group allocation using an endothelialization scoring system.

RESULTS

The 3-day MSC group was similar to the 7-day controls in terms of stent strut coverage ratio and maximum neointimal thickness, but these values were significantly higher than the 3-day control group based on a hierarchical mixed-effects linear regression analysis. SEM revealed a significantly higher endothelialization score for the MSC group compared with controls at the same time point. There was no difference in thrombus formation between any of the groups.

CONCLUSIONS

The intra-arterial injection of MSCs after endovascular stenting accelerated early neointima formation but had no effect on thrombus formation in this study. Larger studies are required to verify these findings and determine the durability and mechanism of this effect.
Musical perspectives on Donizetti’s melodrama Lucia di Lammermoor
Authors:   Transilvania University of Braşov, IFTENE Liviu
Published: February 2022

"Although constrained by the rigid theatrical conventions of the opera, Gaetano Donizetti, a versatile dramatist by excellence, is distinguished by his attempts to renew certain musical opera forms, contributing to a new belcanto stage. Donizetti has complied with the belcanto tradition in order to poetize vocal expression as his coevals Rossini and Bellini did, but he also managed to pay attention to the dramatic and psychological construction of the characters, guessing the direction of the musical genre of opera and anticipating the great Verdi psychological dramas. My scientific research is based on information related to sources of inspiration and data about artists who have performed the absolute premieres of Lucia di Lammermoor, and on examining the action and structure of this unique belcanto melodrama"
The Activity of the Composer Iacob Mureșianu in Blaj. Cultural Heritage and Traditions
Authors:   Transilvania University of Braşov, ENGEL Alina Monica
Published: February 2022

" I have written this article bearing in mind the musical education in Blaj. It includes social and historical specific to Iacob Mureșianu’s years of professional practice in Blaj; it lists cultural and musical personalities shaped by that cultural centre. Moreover, it covers the stages specific to his work as a teacher, composer, musical education organizer, promoter of authentic folklore. In addition, the article reviews his piano compositions that served as a didactic material, but also as concert pieces. The influence of the Romanian folk music predominates, even though he did some of his musical studies abroad. The portray of composer Iacob Mureșianu is crayoned in the context of his family, with the influences, ideas and ideals instilled by its members. The pages of the article will, however, mention the close connection the musician Iacob Mureșianu had with his father, journalist Iacob Mureșianu."
L’amour – source de tous les pleurs dans les operas de Jean-Baptiste Lully
Authors:   Gheorghe Dima Music Academy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, MAFTEI Magda-Eliza
Published: February 2022

Cet article porte sur le contexte dramatique des plaintes dans les opéras de Jean-Baptiste Lully et analyse les différentes manifestations du sentiment amoureux qui engendrent des moments de lamentation. Témoignage de la souffrance, la plainte devient, au cours du XVIIe siècle, un type d’expression vocale qui a une place privilégiée dans la dramaturgie des opéras. Le goût du public pour le pathétisme et le drame justifie le grand nombre des plaintes que nous retrouvons dans les tragédies lyriques, ainsi que leur diversité du point de vue du statut des personnages. La plupart des plaintes ont comme point de départ une absence – soit l’absence de l’être aimé, résultat d’un abandon ou d’un enlèvement, soit l’absence du sentiment amoureux chez l’autre. La jalousie, l’infidélité et la vengeance accompagnent souvent ces absences et ce sont des éléments pleinement exploités dans les plaintes lullistes.
Nuns Epiharia Moisescu and Magdalina Nicolescu, authors of church hymns in 19th – 20th centuries
Authors:   Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania, MOLDOVEANU Cristina
Published: February 2022

In an attempt to substantiate the translation and transcription of liturgical works from the Romanian space of 19th century, besides Maccarius Hieromonk, Anton Pann and one of his labour continuers, composer and psalm book teacher Stefanache Popescu, his apprentices, Nuns Epiharia Moisescu and Magdalina Nicolescu can be mentioned with honours. The monastic life where they were active turned them towards the thorough study of church music and only increased their wish, issued from their reverence to the Mother of God and the saints, to follow the not so easy path of composition. Their songs enriched the liturgical heritage with the Vespers and the Matins for the Services dedicated to celebrate the Dormition of the Virgin, the Protection of Our Most Holy Lady the Theotokos, Saints Gregory Deccapolisen, Demetrius Bassarabov and Saint Martyr Philophteia, pages that facilitated the continuity of service, achieving in those times the link between the treasure of the past and the heritage to be left for the future.