bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Medical Equipment in a Non-Health Care Worker Caring for a Disabled Spouse
Authors: Shoimer Ilya , Pratt Melanie
Published: March 2015

Background:

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to rubber accelerators is a common occurrence, especially in health care workers, but the risks in family caregivers are not as well documented.

Objective:

To document a case of a 66-year-old woman who developed recurrent, extensive flares of ACD from contact with rubber accelerators through caregiving.

Method and Results:

Patch testing revealed a positive reaction to two common rubber accelerators: carba mix (3+) and thiuram mix (3+). The patient described caring for her disabled husband, which involved handling rubberized medical equipment.

Conclusion:

Physicians should appreciate ACD in non-health care workers caused by rubber accelerators found in medical equipment. Individuals providing care for sick or elderly relatives should be further questioned on exposure to a hospital environment and contact with medical equipment.
The Care Triangle: Determining the Gaps in the Management of Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: O'Toole Ashley , Thomas Bjorn , Thomas Richard
Published: March 2015

Background:

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing, intensely pruritic dermatosis that usually affects infants, children, and young adults. The treatment of AD entails an individualized regimen that depends on the age of the patient, the stage and variety of lesions present, the sites and extent of involvement, the presence of infection, and the previous response to treatment.

Objectives:

To identify the evidence surrounding potential strategies for closing these gaps—ultimately improving the quality of care, the care process itself, and patient outcomes—and to encourage discussions that help develop tools to bridge the gap between suggested therapy and what is done by the patient.

Methods:

Review of the literature including searches on PubMed Central and Medline and in seminal dermatology texts.

Results:

There are several disconnections between the evidence-based guidelines in the management of AD, what the individual dermatologist recommends, and what the patient does.

Conclusion:

Applying the concept of the care triangle requires a balance of evidence-based medicine, the physician's experiences and the patient's needs and expectations in the decisions surrounding appropriate management of the disease.
Surface Anatomy of the Ear
Authors: Sajic Dusan , Archibald Jason , Murray Christian
Published: March 2015

Expert diagnosis of cutaneous pathology requires precise anatomic description. This brief report will review the clinically relevant surface anatomy of the ear.
Systematic Review of Systemic Treatments for Tinea Versicolor and Evidence-Based Dosing Regimen Recommendations
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Lane Danielle , Paquet Maryse
Published: March 2015

Background:

Extensive or recurrent tinea versicolor (TV) can be treated with systemic antifungal therapies, but no dosing regimens have been approved for this indication.

Objective:

To provide evidence-based recommendations for dosing regimens.

Methods:

A systematic literature search was performed to identify trials reporting mycologic cure. All trials were included and assessed for quality. Correlation and statistical analyses were used to evaluate the effects of different dosing regimen parameters on efficacy.

Results:

Fifty-seven trials investigating itraconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, and pramiconazole were included. Cumulative dose, treatment duration, and daily/weekly concentrations were shown to significantly influence mycologic cure rates for ketoconazole and pramiconazole but not for itraconazole and fluconazole.

Conclusion:

Based on the efficacy evidence and potential safety concerns, this review supports the following dosing regimens: 200 mg/d for 5 or 7 days of itraconazole, 300 mg/wk for 2 weeks of fluconazole, and 200 mg/d for 2 days of pramiconazole.
Extraordinary Giant Basal Cell Carcinoma with Full-Thickness Infiltration of the Abdominal Wall: Single-Staged Resection and Simultaneous Reconstruction
Authors: Pierer Gerhard , Pülzl Petra , Deluca Jenny , Müller Hansgeorg , Zelger Bernhard , Putzer Daniel , Eisendle Klaus
Published: March 2015

Background:

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent form of invasive skin cancer. BCCs usually show a slow progression and rarely metastasize; however, around 1% achieve a “giant” size, larger than 5 cm in diameter. Rarely, BCCs larger than 20 cm are reported in the literature.

Objective:

We report a case of a giant BCC, measuring 25 × 13 × 5 cm, involving the abdominal wall. The article describes the curative surgical procedure, which resulted in an excellent aesthetic result.
Rapid and Easy Diagnosis of Netherton Syndrome with Dermoscopy
Authors: Akkurt Zeynep Meltem , Tuncel Tuba , Ayhan Erhan , Uçmak Derya , Uluca Ünal , Uçak Haydar
Published: March 2015

Background:

Netherton syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disease demonstrating ichthyosis linearis circumflexa, atopic findings, and hair shaft anomalies. Trichorrhexis invaginata is the pathognomonic hair shaft anomaly seen in this syndrome.

Objective:

In recent years, hair shaft anomalies have been described as “matchstick” and “golf tee” signs. We present a patient with Netherton syndrome diagnosed by the presence of matchstick and golf tee hairs in addition to trichorrhexis invaginata.
Acute Rhabdomyolysis as a Complication of Interferon Treatment for Stage IIIc Melanoma
Authors: Gavigan Geneviève , McEvoy Alana , Young Vince
Published: March 2015

Background:

Interferon alfa-2b is a treatment option for select patients with stage 3 melanoma.

Objective:

To highlight the potential complication of acute rhabdomyolysis from interferon alfa-2b in this patient population.

Methods:

We present a case of a 63-year-old female with stage IIIc melanoma who developed acute rhabdomyolysis after completing 2 of 4 weeks of induction with high-dose interferon alfa-2b. She recovered after hydration with intravenous fluids and discontinuation of interferon alfa-2b.

Results:

Review of the literature revealed eight cases of reported rhabdomyolysis triggered by interferon use, including four cases of melanoma.

Conclusion:

In patients treated with interferon, especially at high doses, screening for creatine kinase and myoglobinuria should be performed if the patient develops symptoms suggestive of acute rhabdomyolysis.
Successful Treatment of Calciphylaxis with Intravenous Sodium Thiosulfate in a Nonuremic Patient: Case Report and Review of Therapy Side Effects
Authors: Fernandes Carolina , Maynard Bruno , Hanna Dominique
Published: March 2015

Background:

Calciphylaxis is a life-threatening condition traditionally observed in patients with end-stage renal disease. Cases of nonuremic calciphylaxis have also been reported, but data on this rare condition are mainly empirical.

Objectives:

To present a case of severe nonuremic calciphylaxis treated with intravenous sodium thiosulfate (IV STS) and to assess the implications of this treatment.

Methods:

Case report and review of the literature.

Results:

A nonuremic patient diagnosed with distal calciphylaxis was started on IV STS after a 12-month nonresponse to conventional therapy. On week 12, the patient requested palliative care, given her many side effects (transient severe nausea and significant electrolyte imbalance). Pain subsided after 14 weeks, and complete wound healing was observed after 6 months.

Conclusion:

Based on this case report, IV STS can improve refractory calciphylaxis in nonuremic patients. However, literature on the subject remains scarce. Careful monitoring for adverse transient side effects is advised.
Cutaneous Adverse Events during Vemurafenib Therapy
Authors: Chandrakumar Shivani Felicia , Yeung Jensen
Published: March 2015

Background:

Vemurafenib, an oral agent that selectively targets the BRAF V600E mutation, has recently emerged as the mainstay of treatment in patients with BRAF-positive stage IV melanoma. A spectrum of cutaneous adverse events has been associated with vemurafenib, ranging from benign rashes to malignant side effects such as keratoacanthoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective:

In this article, we review clinical data regarding the frequency and severity of the common dermatologic side effects associated with vemurafenib; case series and noncontrolled studies evaluating the safety of vemurafenib therapy are used to further characterize these adverse events.

Conclusion:

Benign vemurafenib-induced side effects generally tend not to be severe or life threatening, with most patients managed by dose interruptions, dose reductions, or topical therapies. Squamous cell carcinomas and keratoacanthomas associated with vemurafenib therapy are easily treated by simple excision of the lesion without discontinuation of vemurafenib. Thus, awareness of potential adverse events coupled with routine dermatologic assessment and timely management will allow for optimal therapeutic benefit in patients receiving vemurafenib therapy.
Hyperglycemia following Intralesional Corticosteroid Injection in a Patient with Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Fleming Patrick , Drazek Leah , Shaw James C.
Published: March 2015

Case Report:

A 36-year-old woman with well-controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus reported hyperglycemia (plasma glucose peaked at 21.3 mmol/L) after her first injection with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide for alopecia areata.

Conclusion:

Intralesional corticosteroids are used to maximize local effect while presumably minimizing systemic complications. This adverse effect is an important consideration when treating patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and it would be reasonable to counsel patients of such a possibility.
Facial Reconstruction following Mohs Micrographic Surgery: A Report of 622 Cases
Authors: Grosfeld Eline C. , Smit Jeroen M. , Krekels Gertruud A. , van Rappard Julien H.A. , Hoogbergen Maarten M.
Published: March 2015

Background:

Around 100 to 200 patients undergo surgical reconstruction every year at our department of plastic and reconstructive surgery after Mohs micrographic surgery for nonmelanoma skin cancer.

Objective:

The aim of this report is to provide an overview of the type of facial reconstructions performed and investigate whether we achieved increased, definitive closure rates of the defect on the day of the excision after further improving the collaboration between the involved departments.

Methods:

All patients who underwent facial reconstruction at the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery following Mohs micrographic surgery between January 2006 and January 2011 were retrospectively systematically reviewed.

Results:

A total of 564 patients with 622 defects were identified. The different reconstructions used per aesthetic unit are described. The number of cases in which a reconstruction was performed on the same day as the resection significantly increased from 31 to 81% ( p < .001).

Conclusion:

Facial reconstruction following Mohs micrographic surgery is challenging. The type of reconstruction used depends on the type of defect and patient characteristics. A structured multidisciplinary approach improves the process from defect to reconstruction and can facilitate referrals.
Erythema Induratum: Case Series Illustrating the Utility of the Interferon-γ Release Assay in Determining the Association with Tuberculosis
Authors: Prajapati Vimal , Steed McKay , Grewal Parbeer , Mahmood Muhammad N. , Verma Geetika , Brassard Alain
Published: March 2015

Background:

The interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) is a novel method for detecting previous sensitization to tuberculosis (TB). Despite having several advantages over the tuberculin skin test (TST), including higher specificity and no influence from past bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) exposure, there are a limited number of reports describing its application in patients with erythema induratum (EI)/nodular vasculitis (NV), which is usually but not always related to TB.

Objectives:

The aim of our case series was to evaluate the usefulness of the IGRA for determining a TB association in patients with EI/NV.

Methods:

Retrospective chart reviews were conducted on four patients diagnosed with EI/NV at our institution in whom an IGRA had been performed.

Results:

All four subjects had positive TST results. The IGRA was also positive and therefore supported a link with TB in two cases. One patient responded completely to anti-TB therapy, whereas the second was lost to follow-up. Both cases unrelated to TB, by virtue of negative IGRAs, demonstrated complete response to immunosuppressive therapy (methotrexate), with one individual having failed anti-TB therapy first.

Conclusion:

Our case series highlights the utility of the IGRA for establishing a TB association in patients with EI/NV. Although limited by a small sample size, we propose adjunctive use of this test at the time of EI/NV diagnosis, especially in the setting of previous BCG exposure, so that management can be tailored according to whether an underlying relationship with TB exists.
Wound Bed Preparation 2012
Authors: Sibbald R. Gary , Goodman Laurie , Reneeka Persaud
Published: March 2015

Background:

The concept of wound bed preparation is a holistic approach to wound diagnosis and treatment of the cause, patient-centered concerns and optimizing the components of local wound care (débridement, infection and persistent infection, moisture balance) before edge effect for healable but stalled chronic wounds. This article has introduced the concepts of healable, nonhealable and maintenance wounds. Additionally, clinical criteria (mnemonic NERDS and STONEES) are provided on the use of topical agents for critical colonization or systemic antimicrobials for deep and surrounding infection.

Objective:

To present a holistic, evidence-informed approach to chronic wound care management.

Methods:

This article reviews the scientific evidence base, and forms an expert consensus of key opinion leaders to the Wound Bed Preparation model.

Results and Conclusion:

This article provides clinicians with evidence-informed wound caring approaches translating the evidence base into practice.
Making Necrotizing Vasculitis Simple
Authors: McCourt Collette , Dutz Jan P.
Published: March 2015

Background:

Cutaneous necrotizing vasculitides (CNV) represent a heterogeneous group of inflammatory diseases affecting the skin blood vessels, characterized histologically by transmural inflammation of the blood vessel wall with fibrinoid necrosis and clinically characterized by palpable purpura, leading to ulceration. These syndromes represent a spectrum of disease from limited cutaneous small vessel vasculitis to rapidly progressive systemic vasculitis. Moreover, a number of diseases can mimic vasculitis in the skin, thereby presenting diagnostic difficulties for physicians.

Objective:

We present an update of CNV and vasculopathies based on recent literature and clinical experience. We provide a dermatologic approach to the patient presenting with purpura and ischemic skin necrosis focusing on the subtle features that may help physicians discern between primary and secondary causes and the differences between vasculitis and vasculopathy.
Skin Cancer (Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Malignant Melanoma): New Cases, Treatment Practice, and Health Care Costs in New Brunswick, Canada, 2002–2010
Authors: Pilgrim Wilfred , Hayes Robert , Hanson Dana W. , Zhang Bin , Boudreau Bonnie , Leonfellner Suzanne
Published: March 2015

Background:

In Canada, there is no formal process for registering nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC); thus, the epidemiology, treatment practices, and associated health costs are not well known.

Objectives:

To investigate trends in new cases of skin cancer, treatment practices, and health care costs in New Brunswick, Canada.

Methods:

Data were extracted from the Provincial Cancer Registry and New Brunswick administrative health databases for 2002–2010.

Results:

New cases: Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) was the most common skin cancer diagnosed, and incidence rates significantly increased between 1992 and 2010. Treatment practice: Dermatologists managed the majority (45%) of the overall skin cancer treatments. Health care costs: NMSC accounted for ˜80% of the health care costs for skin cancer and was dominated by BCC.

Conclusions:

Development of best practice treatment guidelines for NMSC in New Brunswick would improve future health care efficiencies, and standard protocols for registering new cases of NMSC in Canada would strengthen surveillance and reporting capacity.
Photo Developer Allergic Contact Dermatitis in a Photographer Following Paraphenylenediamine Sensitization from a Temporary Henna Tattoo
Authors: Chen Tiffany , Pratt Melanie D.
Published: March 2015

Background:

Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is a coloring agent and potent sensitizer commonly added to henna tattoos to darken tattoo color. Photographic developers contain compounds that cross-react with PPD. Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from photo developers has been documented in the literature.

Objective:

We describe the rare case of a photographer who presented with a 4-year history of recurrent ACD following exposure to photochemicals. History taking revealed that 10 years before presentation, he had received a temporary henna tattoo.

Methods:

The patient was patch-tested with 4-methylaminophenol sulfate (Metol), the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) series, and select other allergens.

Results:

Patch testing results revealed strong positive reactions to 4-methylaminophenol sulfate and PPD.

Conclusion:

This is the first report to our knowledge of ACD from a photo developer occurring as a consequence of previous sensitization to PPD from a temporary henna tattoo. Due to the potential for long-term sequelae, an awareness of the risks associated with henna tattoos is warranted.
Real-World Experience with Alitretinoin in a Community Dermatology Practice Setting in Patients with Chronic Hand Dermatitis
Authors: Ham Kaiya , Maini Priya , Gooderham Melinda J.
Published: March 2015

Background:

The treatment of moderate to severe chronic hand dermatitis (CHD) has been advanced with the introduction of alitretinoin (9- cis-retinoic acid). Although clinical trial data demonstrated the efficacy and safety of alitretinoin, real-world experience is lacking in a more generalized patient population.

Objective:

Patients with CHD often, and unsuccessfully, attempt several therapeutic options before seeing a dermatologist. This chart review study aimed to examine the experience of using alitretinoin for CHD in a dermatology office setting.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review of electronic medical records was conducted of all patients prescribed alitretinoin in a community dermatology practice.

Results:

Alitretinoin was well tolerated in this patient population of 53 patients and showed a clinically significant reduction in disease symptoms.

Conclusion:

Alitretinoin was a safe and well-tolerated treatment with significant clinical improvement in our patient population. Few clinically significant laboratory abnormalities were identified, and only one patient discontinued therapy due to adverse events.
Prevention of Alopecia in Medical and Interventional Chemotherapy Patients
Authors: Dmytriw Adam A. , Morzycki Wojciech , Green Peter J.
Published: March 2015

Background:

Chemotherapy-induced alopecia is one of the most distressing side effects of cancer treatment. Although there have been a number of investigated strategies to reduce this, there is no standard of care for treatment.

Objective:

This review aims to summarize the relevant evidence for the treatments available for chemotherapy-induced alopecia.

Methods:

A literature search using PubMed and the MEDLINE subengine was completed. The terms “chemotherapy,” “alopecia,” “quality of life,” and “strategies” were used, and articles from the last 10 years were considered. The pediatric population was not investigated.

Results:

Physical therapies for alopecia prevention have shown some promise but range from insufficient to detrimental depending on the type of cancer. Cold caps may be more effective than tourniquets and may be associated with fewer metastatic events. Pharmacologic therapies, both immunomodulators and growth factors, have stood the test of several trials to date. In particular, cyclosporine has been shown either to prevent alopecia or promote hair growth during a chemotherapy regimen.

Conclusion:

Although the evidence is not yet overwhelming, it is becoming clear that a combination of mechanical and chemical interventions may help compensate for the downfalls of either therapy alone.
Progression of Surgical Hair Restoration Techniques
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Lyons Danika C.A. , Daigle Deanne
Published: March 2015

Background:

Early surgical hair restoration (SHR) techniques were fraught with limitations. Major advancements and refinements have taken place yielding minimally invasive, relatively scar-free, and natural-looking hair transplantations.

Objective:

Our aim was to review the origins and advancements of SHR and to discuss future directions for the field.

Methods:

Searches were performed using: Pubmed, Scopus, and the International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery’s Hair Transplant Forum International for articles related to SHR. Reference sections of articles obtained were reviewed. Relevant textbooks obtained were reviewed.

Results and Conclusion:

SHR techniques originated as macro-level graft transplantations and excision of scalp tissue. They progressed toward micro-level graft transplantations performed with extreme caution and precision. However, all SHR techniques are limited by their reliance on existing donor hair to fill balding areas. Further advancements in hair follicle cell cloning and regeneration of growth may offer a solution to this overarching limitation.
Correlation between Socioeconomic Status and Clinical Course in Patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Mashayekhi-Ghoyonlo Vahid , Kiafar Bita , Rohani Mahboubeh , Esmaeili Habibollah , Erfanian-Taghvaee Majid Reza
Published: March 2015

Objective:

Leishmaniasis has long been known as a poverty-associated disease, which is particularly prevalent in developing and less developed countries. The role of socioeconomic status in the clinical course of the disease is less clearly defined. In this study, we investigated the potential relationship between the clinical course of cutaneous leishmaniasis in terms of its evolution into chronic forms and the socioeconomic status of the patients.

Methods:

A total of 140 patients attending the dermatology clinic in Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, were enrolled. The patients were grouped into high, medium, and low socioeconomic classes according to a comprehensive questionnaire. They received routine treatment protocols for leishmaniasis and were followed up for 1 year.

Results:

We found a statistically significant relationship between the clinical course of the disease and socioeconomic status.

Conclusion:

Poverty might prolong the course of cutaneous leishmaniasis for many different reasons.
Retrospective Review of Folliculitis Decalvans in 23 Patients with Course and Treatment Analysis of Long-standing Cases
Authors: Bunagan M.J. Kristine , Banka Nusrat , Shapiro Jerry
Published: March 2015

Background:

To date, there is no standard treatment of folliculitis decalvans (FD), a rare type of cicatricial alopecia.

Objective and Methods:

The records of 23 patients with FD (1998–2012) were retrospectively analyzed, with added data review on the course and treatment of long-standing cases.

Results:

Initial management consisted mostly of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide, clobetasol lotion, and either cephalexin, minocycline, doxycycline, or tetracycline. Alternatives consisted of rifampicin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, and isotretinoin. Remission was achieved in weeks to months in more than half of the cases, with low occurrence of relapse. The poor responders had a protracted course of temporary improvement and multiple relapses.

Conclusion:

The majority of patients showed improvement and subsequent remission with oral antibiotics. In some patients, it took years of slow taper before the antibiotic could be discontinued. Only a few patients had recalcitrant disease, with minimal response to their initial and alternative medications.
Crohn Disease of the Vulva without Gastrointestinal Manifestations in a 16-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Zhang Ai-jun , Zhan Shu-hui , Chang Hong , Gao Yu-qiang , Li Yan-qing
Published: March 2015

Background:

Crohn disease of the vulva is a rare disease that is difficult to diagnose. There are limited reports describing treatment of this condition.

Objective:

To describe the diagnosis and treatment of a 16-year-old girl with Crohn disease of the vulva, without onset of intestinal symptoms.

Methods:

Crohn disease was diagnosed by histopathology. The patient was treated with corticosteroids and followed for 1 year.

Results:

After the final diagnosis, cutaneous lesions responded rapidly to corticosteroid treatment, which was gradually stopped after 6 months. The disease was well controlled at the 1-year follow-up.

Conclusion:

Crohn disease of the vulva can develop alone without the onset of intestinal symptoms. Diagnosis relies on special pathologic findings. Corticosteroid treatment is effective for this condition.
Use of Vitamins and Minerals in the Treatment of Hair Loss: A Cross-Sectional Survey among Dermatologists in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mubki Thamer
Published: March 2015

Background:

Several controversies exist regarding the use of vitamin and mineral supplements in treating hair loss.

Objectives:

To explore practices, knowledge, and attitudes for using vitamins and minerals in treating hair loss among dermatologists in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

A self-administrated questionnaire containing 33 questions was distributed to 177 dermatologists attending a national dermatology conference in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in 2012.

Results:

Of the 177 attending dermatologists, 144 responded to the questionnaire (81% response rate). Vitamins and minerals were recommended for treating at least one type of hair loss by 60%. Vitamins and minerals were most commonly used for acute telogen effluvium (62%). The majority (72%) reported a good knowledge of vitamins and minerals toxicity.

Conclusion:

Although dermatologists in Saudi Arabia displayed positive believes in the usefulness of vitamins and minerals in treating hair loss, further research is needed to prove their role in the management of different hair loss disorders.
Pemphigoid Nodularis
Authors: Al-Salhi Waleed , Alharithy Ru'aa
Published: March 2015

Background

Pemphigoid nodularis is a rare clinical variant of bullous pemphigoid characterized by overlapping clinical features of both prurigo nodularis lesions and bullous pemphigoid blisters. The condition appears to be more common in females and is often resistant to treatment.

Objective

To raise awareness of this rare variant of bullous pemphigoid.

Methods

Case report. Results and Conclusion Dermatologists should include this variant in differential diagnosis of prurigo nodularis because early recognition can lead to an effective treatment for the prurigo component.
Molluscum-Like Papules as a Presentation of Early Papulonecrotic Tuberculid in Association with Nodular Tuberculid in a Male with Asymptomatic Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Asiniwasis Rachel , Dutil Maha T. , Walsh Scott
Published: March 2015

Background/Objectives

The clinical and histopathologic findings of a rare simultaneous occurrence of papulonecrotic tuberculid and nodular tuberclid in a patient with active but asymptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis are presented. Papulonecrotic tuberculid was observed at a very early stage, presenting as molluscum-like lesions. This has been described once in the literature. This was observed in conjunction with lesions compatible with the rare clinicopathologic variant of nodular tuberculid. Critical to the diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis was the use of induced sputum testing, which confirmed the diagnosis despite the lack of a cough and a chest x-ray negative for active tuberculosis.

Methods/Results

A 40-year-old male presented with a 2-week history of fever and a skin eruption consisting of molluscum-like papules on the ears, arms, and abdomen and nodules on his legs. Biopsies from both lesions were consistent with papulonecrotic and nodular tuberculid, respectively. Despite the lack of any respiratory symptoms, induced sputum grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the lesions resolved on antituberculous therapy.

Conclusions and Relevance

Tuberculids are rare in Western countries but must be considered in the differential diagnosis of eruptions in patients from endemic countries. An active tuberculous focus must be sought out.
Remission of Refractory Benign Familial Chronic Pemphigus (Hailey-Hailey Disease) with the Addition of Systemic Cyclosporine
Authors: Varada Sowmya , Ramirez-Fort Marigdalia K. , Argobi Yahya , Simkin A. David
Published: March 2015

Background

Benign chronic familial pemphigus (BFCP) is an autosomal dominant dermatosis characterized by flares of painful and often debilitating blistering lesions in high friction areas of the body such as the groin, axillae, lateral neck, and intergluteal cleft. Limited knowledge of its pathophysiology has made treatment of BFCP a considerable challenge and efficacy with current first line therapies, topical corticosteroids and antibiotics, is variable.

Case Report

We present a case of this disease in a 52 year old woman that has responded dramatically to the addition of oral cyclosporine to her existing regimen of oral acitretin, with significant improvement of skin lesions, mobility, and quality of life. Cyclosporine's mechanism of action in BFCP is poorly understood, although it possibly acts through inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines in keratinocytes or modulation of intracellular calcium. BFCP, the use of cyclosporine for its treatment, and possible mechanisms of action of cyclosporine are reviewed.
Clinical effect of reducing curing times with high-intensity LED lights
Authors: Ward Justin D. , Wolf Bethany J. , Leite Luis P. , Zhou Jing
Published: March 2015

Objective: 

To evaluate the clinical performance of brackets cured with a high-intensity, light-emitting diode (LED) with a shorter curing time.

Materials and Methods: 

Thirty-four patients and a total of 680 brackets were examined using a randomized split-mouth design. The maxillary right and mandibular left quadrants were cured for 6 seconds with a high-intensity LED light (3200 mW/cm2) and the maxillary left and mandibular right quadrants were cured for 20 seconds with a standard-intensity LED light (1200 mW/cm2). Alternating patients had the quadrants inverted for the curing protocol. The number and date of each first-time bracket failure was recorded from 199 to 585 days posttreatment.

Results: 

The bracket failure rate was 1.18% for both curing methods. The proportion of bracket failure was not significantly different between curing methods (P  =  1.000), genders (P  =  1.000), jaws (P  =  .725), sides (P  =  .725), or quadrants (P  =  .547). Posterior teeth exhibited a greater proportion of failures (2.21%) relative to anterior teeth (0.49%), although the difference was not statistically significant (P  =  .065).

Conclusions: 

No difference was found in bond failure rates between the two curing methods. Both methods showed bond failure rates low enough to be considered clinically sufficient. The high-intensity LED light used with a shorter curing time may be considered an advantage due to the reduced chair time.
Effects of Acute Hypoglycemia on Working Memory and Language Processing in Adults With and Without Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Allen Kate V. , Pickering Martin J. , Zammitt Nicola N. , Hartsuiker Robert J. , Traxler Matthew J. , Frier Brian M. , Deary Ian J.
Published: March 2015

OBJECTIVE

To examine the effects of hypoglycemia on language processing in adults with and without type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Forty adults were studied (20 with type 1 diabetes and 20 healthy volunteers) using a hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp to lower blood glucose to 2.5 mmol/L (45 mg/dL) (hypoglycemia) for 60 min, or to maintain blood glucose at 4.5 mmol/L (81 mg/dL) (euglycemia), on separate occasions. Language tests were applied to assess the effects of hypoglycemia on the relationship between working memory and language (reading span), grammatical decoding (self-paced reading), and grammatical encoding (subject-verb agreement).

RESULTS

Hypoglycemia caused a significant deterioration in reading span (P < 0.001; η2 = 0.37; Cohen d = 0.65) and a fall in correct responses (P = 0.005; η2 = 0.19; Cohen d = 0.41). On the self-paced reading test, the reading time for the first sentence fragment increased during hypoglycemia (P = 0.039; η2 = 0.11; Cohen d = 0.25). For the reading of the next fragment, hypoglycemia affected the healthy volunteer group more than the adults with type 1 diabetes (P = 0.03; η2 = 0.12; Cohen d = 0.25). However, hypoglycemia did not significantly affect the number of errors in sentence comprehension or the time taken to answer questions. Hypoglycemia caused a deterioration of subject-verb agreement (correct responses: P = 0.011; η2 = 0.159; Cohen d = 0.31).

CONCLUSIONS

Hypoglycemia caused a significant deterioration in reading span and in the accuracy of subject-verb agreement, both of which are practical aspects of language involved in its everyday use. Language processing is therefore impaired during moderate hypoglycemia.
Serum Mannose-Binding Lectin Is a Strong Biomarker of Diabetic Retinopathy in Chinese Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Geng Peiliang , Ding Yuanyuan , Qiu Lin , Lu Yinying
Published: March 2015

OBJECTIVE

Inflammation and complement activation initiated by mannose-binding lectin (MBL) may be implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. We investigated serum MBL levels in patients with diabetes with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Serum MBL levels were determined in 348 patients with diabetes and in 100 healthy control subjects. The prediction value of MBL was compared with diabetes duration, hs-CRP, and other known predictors. Multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression models.

RESULTS

MBL levels on admission were significantly increased in patients with diabetes with DR (P < 0.0001) and vision-threatening DR (VTDR; P < 0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for common indictors showed that serum MBL levels ≥3,385 μg/L were an independent predictor of DR (odds ratio [OR] 3.14, 95% CI 1.77–5.57) and VTDR (OR 7.83, 95% CI 3.35–18.31). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of MBL was 0.81 (95% CI 0.76–0.86) for DR and 0.84 (95% CI 0.74–0.93) for VTDR.

CONCLUSIONS

The current study demonstrated that MBL appears to be an independent biomarker for DR in the Chinese population, suggesting a possible role of MBL in the pathogenesis of DR complications in diabetes.
Effect Of Dyeing On Wrinkle Properties Of Cotton Cross-Linked By Butane Tetracarboxylic Acid (BTCA) In Presence Of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles
Authors: Hezavehi Emadaldin , Shahidi Sheila , Zolgharnein Peyman
Published: March 2015

This study evaluates the wrinkle behaviour and wrinkle resistant properties of cotton fabrics dyed by Direct Blue 2B in the presence and absence of nano-TiO2 particles. A finishing process on samples was performed before dyeing by means of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) and sodium hypophosphite (SHP) using a pad dry cure method. Such experiments as wrinkle recovery test (AATCC-128), water drop test and dye fastness determination (ISO 105-C01) were conducted to understand how current treatment impacted the cotton fabrics’ properties. Finally, samples were characterised using the X-ray diffractometery method to scrutinise how crystallinity changes and dominates the structural parameter (wrinkle behaviour) of cotton fabrics. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visualise the surface variations of the samples before and after dyeing process. The results showed that the wrinkle resistant of cross-linked fabrics have been improved after direct dyeing. Furthermore, levelness dyeing and good fastness properties of dyes on cross-linked fabrics were observed.
Mechanical Properties Of 3D-Structure Composites Based On Warp-Knitted Spacer Fabrics
Authors: Chen Si , Long Hai-ru , Liu Ying-hao , Hu Feng-chao
Published: March 2015

In this paper, the mechanical properties (compression and impact behaviours) of three-dimension structure (3D-structure) composites based on warp-knitted spacer fabrics have been thoroughly investigated. In order to discuss the effect of fabric structural parameters on the mechanical performance of composites, six different types of warp-knitted spacer fabrics having different structural parameters (such as outer layer structure, diameter of spacer yarn, spacer yarn inclination angle and thickness) were involved for comparison study. The 3D-structure composites were fabricated based on a flexible polyurethane foam. The produced composites were characterised for compression and impact properties. The findings obtained indicate that the fabric structural parameters have strong influence on the compression and impact responses of 3D-structure composites. Additionally, the impact test carried out on the 3D-structure composites shows that the impact loads do not affect the integrity of composite structure. All the results reveal that the product exhibits promising mechanical performance and its service life can be sustained.
Longitudinally Invariant Elastic Structures Analyzed by the Meshless Mlpg Method Using 2.5D Approach
Authors: Stanak P. , Tadeu A. , Sladek J. , Sladek V.
Published: March 2015

This paper presents a general 2.5D meshless MLPG methodology for the computation of the elastic response of longitudinally invariant structure subjected to the incident wave field. A numerical frequency domain model is established using the Fourier transform in time and longitudinal coordinate domains. This allows for significant reduction of computational effort required. In the MLPG method the Moving-Least Squares (MLS) scheme is employed for the approximation of the spatial variation of displacement field. No finite elements are required for the approximation or integration of unknowns. A small circular subdomain is introduced around each nodal point in the analyzed domain. Local integral equations derived from the governing equations are specified on these subdomains. Continuously non-homogeneous material properties are varying in the cross-section of the analyzed structure. A simple patch test is introduced to assess the accuracy and the convergence of developed numerical model. At the end of the paper, numerical examples illustrate the applicability of the proposed numerical formulation.
Geopolymer Cements and Their Properties: A Review
Authors: Živica Vladimír , Palou Martin T. , Križma Martin
Published: March 2015

Concrete is the world's most versatile, durable and reliable construction material. Next to water, concrete is the second most used substance on earth and it requires large quantities of Portland cement. The industrial sector is the third largest source of man-made carbon dioxide emissions after the transportation sector as the major generator of carbon dioxide, which pollutes the atmosphere. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) production produces the largest amount of carbon dioxide amongst all industrial processes. In addition to that a large amount of energy is also consumed for the cement production. The production of OPC not only consumes a huge amount of the natural resources i.e. limestone and fossil fuels but also produces almost 0.9 t of CO2 for 1t of cement clinker production. Thus, the world cement production generates 2.8 billion tons of manmade greenhouse gas annually. Hence, it is inevitable to find an alternative material to the existing most expensive, most resource and energy consuming Portland cement.

Geopolymer cements are innovative binders which can be produced by the chemical action of aluminosilicate materials plenty available worldwide. They are rich in silica and alumina reacting with alkaline solution and producing aluminosilicate gel that acts as the binding material for the concrete. Geopolymers are synthesized by polycondensation reaction of geopolymeric precursor and alkali polysilicates.

The paper presents data on the important engineering properties of geopolymer cements showing that these cements offer an alternative to, and potential replacement for, OPC. Geopolymer technology also has the potential to reduce global greenhouse emissions caused by OPC production. Due to the high level of mechanical properties of geopolymer cements and their environmentally beneficial technology they appear as a prospective construction material for the future.
Cyclic Behavior of Braced Concrete Frames: Experimental Investigation and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Hadad Hadad S. , Metwally Ibrahim M. , El-Betar Sameh
Published: March 2015

RC shear walls have been widely used as the main lateral-load resisting system in medium and high-rise buildings because of their inherent large lateral stiffness and load resistance. But, in general, the energy dissipating capacity of RC shear walls is not very good and it has been found that using the bracing system gives good results. The main purpose of this paper is to study the effect of different types of bracing on the lateral load capacity of the frame. Also, the research contains a comparison between the braced and infilled frames to decide on the best system. The research scheme consists of four frames; the bare frame, two frames the first of which was braced with concrete, the second was braced with steel bracing and the fourth frame was infilled with solid cement bricks. All the specimens were tested under cyclic loading. The results gave some important conclusions; braced and infilled bare frames increased the lateral strength of the bare frame depending on the type of bracing and infill. Also, the different types of bracing and the infill increased the initial stiffness of the bare frame by a reasonable value. The energy dissipation for the braced and infilled frames is always higher than that for the bare frame up to failure. Also, numerical modeling was carried out with the nonlinear software platform (IDARC). The numerical results obtained with the calibrated nonlinear model are presented and compared with the experimental results. Good agreement was achieved between the numerical simulation and the test results.
Critical View on Daylighting Through Solar Bottle Bulb
Authors: Wang Chen , Rahim Faizul Azli Mohd , Yusoff Nurul Safwah Mohd , Rahman Hamzah Abdul , How Vili
Published: March 2015

Daylighting is often integrated into a building as an architectural statement and for energy savings. However, the benefits from daylighting extend beyond architecture and energy savings. Solar bottle bulb is an invention that is highly effective and cost effective enough to be used in huge numbers for those without sources of interior lighting. This invention is very easy and excessively cheap, requires only a bottle, some roofing materials, water and minimal amount of regularly found chemical and no electricity is needed. This paper reviews the critical retrospect of daylighting through the solar bottle bulb perspective. It highlights the need for solar bottle bulbs use within the underprivileged areas of the world and the importance of this invention as a pathway towards sustainability. This paper presents a review on the designs, principles and applications of the invention that have startled the poor people into a new way of life. The review consists of the assessment of journals, books, newspapers, reports and online sources in the field of daylighting and solar bottle bulb.
Calculating Power Integral bases by Solving Relative Thue Equations
Authors: Gaál István , Remete László , Szabó Tímea
Published: March 2015

In our recent paper I. Gaál: Calculating “small” solutions of relative Thue equations, J. Experiment. Math. (to appear) we gave an efficient algorithm to calculate “small” solutions of relative Thue equations (where “small” means an upper bound of type 10500 for the sizes of solutions). Here we apply this algorithm to calculating power integral bases in sextic fields with an imaginary quadratic subfield and to calculating relative power integral bases in pure quartic extensions of imaginary quadratic fields. In both cases the crucial point of the calculation is the resolution of a relative Thue equation. We produce numerical data that were not known before.
Point diffraction interferometry to measure local curvatures and caustics of noisy wave fronts: Application for determining optical properties of fish lenses
Authors: Vallmitjana S. , Ricart I. , Bosch S. , Gargallo A. , Acosta E.
Published: March 2015

The study of caustics is important because they contain information about the image formation properties of optical systems. In this work we use the concept of caustic as a set of focal points, and we have developed a second order approach theory to determine local slopes and curvatures of a wavefront emerging from an optical system. The method is based on the use of a point diffraction interferometer, and the analysis of the interferograms allows us to compute the focal region. Experimental results obtained with a plano-convex lens demonstrate the accuracy of the combined theoretical-experimental method here developed. Application to noisy wavefronts such as those produced by biological samples, specifically in crystalline lenses of fish eyes, are also exposed.
Introduction: The Limits to Deconstructing the Map
Authors: Rose-Redwood Reuben
Published: March 2015

This special issue marks the twenty-fifth anniversary of the publication of J.B. Harley's “Deconstructing the Map” (1989), which has had a major influence in the fields of critical cartography, the history of cartography, and human geography more generally. Over the last quarter century, this essay and related works have also been widely cited by scholars from a broad range of disciplines across the social sciences and humanities, serving as a key reference for those seeking to theorize the spatial politics of maps and mapping. Through such citational practices, “Deconstructing the Map” has acquired a canonical status as one of the classics of critical cartographic theory, yet the limitations of its theoretical and methodological analyses are widely acknowledged even by Harley's strongest supporters. The contributors to this special issue discuss their own critical engagements with this foundational text as well as the extent to which Harley's work still resonates with contemporary perspectives in the field of critical cartography today. The broader aim of this collection is therefore not to further canonize Harley as the patron saint of critical cartography but rather to think through the limits of “Deconstructing the Map” to ensure that current and future theorizations of the power of mapping remain open to self-critique and new becomings.