bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from milk and traditional fermented dairy products of south Algeria against multidrug resistance pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Daouadji Soumia Djelloul , Abbouni Bouziane , Bouricha Mâ€™hamed , Benine Mohamed Lamine , Kanoun Khedoudja , Khaldi Amina
Published: October 2020

The alarming situation of the increasing problem of the antibiotics resistance in the whole world requires an immediate need of the exploration of better alternatives for combating resistance. The main aim of the present work was the isolation and the screening of large range of lactic acid bacteria with important potential of antibacterial activity against multidrug resistance pathogenic strains and the characterization of the molecules responsible for anti-bacterial activity. The primary screening indicated the isolation of total of 200 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from harvested milk (camel and goat) and tradi-tional fermented dairy products (Jben and kamaria) of south Algeria and in-vestigated for their antibacterial activity against clinical pathogens bacteria. Furthermore, Nineteen representative isolates (19) were selected and char-acterized with regard to their functional properties. The obtained results indicated that produced bacteriocin by both bacterial strains L. raffinolactis LAB9 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris LAB13 has manifested an excellent antagonistic activity against P.aeruginosa (PA) and Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which was Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). A Further investigation indicated that the produced bacteriocin by LAB9 and LAB 13 were heat stable, where their inactivation was observed when treated with pepsin and trypsin. Additionally, the purification of the produced bacteriocin by L.raffinolactis LAB9 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris LAB13 has been achieved by the using of the partial ammonium sulfate precipitation. The technological properties and the stability of bacteriocins of LAB may lead for bioprospection of antibacterial components in the current struggle against increasing pandrug resistance and slowing down the expansion of multi drug resistance.
Direct Evidence of Two-component Ejecta in Supernova 2016gkg from Nebular Spectroscopy*
Authors: Kuncarayakti Hanindyo , Folatelli Gastón , Maeda Keiichi , Dessart Luc , Jerkstrand Anders , Anderson Joseph P. , Aoki Kentaro , Bersten Melina C. , Ferrari Lucía , Galbany Lluís , García Federico , Gutiérrez Claudia P. , Hattori Takashi , Kawabata Koji S. , Kravtsov Timo , Lyman Joseph D. , Mattila Seppo , E. Felipe Olivares , Sánchez Sebastián F. , Van Dyk Schuyler D.
Published: October 2020

Spectral observations of the type-IIb supernova (SN) 2016gkg at 300–800 days are reported. The spectra show nebular characteristics, revealing emission from the progenitor star’s metal-rich core and providing clues to the kinematics and physical conditions of the explosion. The nebular spectra are dominated by emission lines of [O i] λλ6300, 6364 and [Ca ii] λλ7292, 7324. Other notable, albeit weaker, emission lines include Mg I] λ4571, [Fe ii] λ7155, O I λ7774, Ca II triplet, and a broad, boxy feature at the location of Hα. Unlike in other stripped-envelope SNe, the [O i] doublet is clearly resolved due to the presence of strong narrow components. The doublet shows an unprecedented emission line profile consisting of at least three components for each [O i]λ6300, 6364 line: a broad component (width ∼2000 km s−1), and a pair of narrow blue and red components (width ∼300 km s−1) mirrored against the rest velocity. The narrow component appears also in other lines, and is conspicuous in [O i]. This indicates the presence of multiple distinct kinematic components of material at low and high velocities. The low-velocity components are likely to be produced by a dense, slow-moving emitting region near the center, while the broad components are emitted over a larger volume. These observations suggest an asymmetric explosion, supporting the idea of two-component ejecta that influence the resulting late-time spectra and light curves. SN 2016gkg thus presents striking evidence for significant asymmetry in a standard-energy SN explosion. The presence of material at low velocity, which is not predicted in 1D simulations, emphasizes the importance of multidimensional explosion modeling of SNe.
Exploring the Possibility of Identifying Hydride and Hydroxyl Cations of Noble Gas Species in the Crab Nebula Filament
Authors: Das Ankan , Sil Milan , Bhat Bratati , Gorai Prasanta , Chakrabarti Sandip K. , Caselli Paola
Published: October 2020

The first identification of the argonium ion (

) toward the Crab Nebula supernova remnant was proclaimed by Herschel in the submillimeter and far-infrared domains. Very recently, the discovery of the hydro-helium cation (

) in the planetary nebula (NGC 7027) by SOFIA has been reported. The elemental abundance of neon is much higher than that of argon. However, the presence of neonium ions (

) is yet to be confirmed in space. Though the hydroxyl radicals (−OH) are very abundant in both neutral and cationic forms, hydroxyl cations of such noble gases (i.e., ArOH+, NeOH+, and HeOH+) are yet to be identified in space. Here, we employ a spectral synthesis code to examine the chemical evolution of the hydride and hydroxyl cations of the various isotopes of Ar, Ne, and He in the Crab Nebula filament and calculate their line emissivity and intrinsic line surface brightness. We successfully explain the observed surface brightness of two transitions of ArH+ (617 and 1234 GHz), one transition of OH+ (971 GHz), and one transition of H2 (2.12 μm). We also explain the observed surface brightness ratios between various molecular and atomic transitions. We find that our model reproduces the overall observed features when a hydrogen number density of ∼(104–106) cm−3 and a cosmic-ray ionization rate per H2 of ∼(10−11–10−10) s−1 are chosen. We discuss the possibility of detecting some hydride and hydroxyl cations in the Crab and diffuse cloud environment. Some transitions of these molecules are highlighted for future astronomical detection.
Stringent Search for Precursor Emission in Short GRBs from Fermi/GBM Data and Physical Implications
Authors: Wang Jie-Shuang , Peng Zong-Kai , Zou Jin-Hang , Zhang Bin-Bin , Zhang Bing
Published: October 2020

We perform a stringent search for precursor emission of short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) from the Fermi/GBM data and find 16 precursor events with ≳4.5σ significance. We find that the durations of the main SGRB emission (

) and the precursor emission (

), as well as the waiting time (

) in between, are roughly comparable to each other, with

 ≈ 2.8

1.2 approximately satisfied for most cases except one significant outlier. We also perform spectral analyses to the precursors and SGRBs, and find that the spectra of precursor emission can be fitted with the blackbody, nonthermal cutoff power law and/or power-law models. We consider several possible models for precursor emission in SGRBs and find that the luminosity and spectral shape may be explained by the the shock breakout or the photospheric radiation of a fireball launched after the merger for thermal precursors, or magnetospheric interaction between two neutron stars prior to the merger for nonthermal precursors. For the fireball photospheric model, a matter-dominated jet is preferred and a constraint on the fireball Lorentz factor can be placed as Γ ∼ 30. For the magnetospheric interaction model, the jet launching mechanism may be constrained. In particular, those events with

/

 ≫ 1 (e.g., GRB191221802) require the formation of a supramassive or stable neutron star after the merger, with the delay time defined by the timescale for an initially baryon-loaded jet to become magnetically dominated and relativistic.
Oral Microbiome and Preterm Birth: Correlation or Coincidence? A Narrative Review
Authors: Rapone Biagio , Ferrara Elisabetta , Montemurro Nicola , Converti Ilaria , Loverro Matteo , Loverro Maria Teresa , Gnoni Antonio , Scacco Salvatore , Siculella Luisa , Corsalini Massimo , Di Naro Edoardo
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Physiological changes that occur during pregnancy involve, as a natural consequence, also modifications of oral microbiome. However, the addition with microbial imbalance due to pre-existing periodontal infection might impair a pathological alteration in the phylogenetic community structure and composition in the oral cavity, exacerbating an inflammatory status, and becoming a potential risk factor for preterm birth. From the empirical findings about the relationship between periodontal pathogens and systemic diseases, a clear interest focused on the potential impact of some periodontal pathogens on the preterm birth risk has emerged.
AIM: Exploration of the potential interdependence existing between dysbiosis of oral microbiome and changes in maternal-fetal barrier in premature rupture of membranes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a Medline search was performed for studies focusing on oral microbioma and its association with pre-term birth, and completed by additional hand searching. Two reviewers independently selected studies and extracted data. The search was restricted to only reports written in English.
RESULTS: The electronic search produced 66 items. Six duplicates were found. Among the collected studies, 56 were discarded because they met the exclusion criteria. The articles and reports in our review showed a connection between preterm birth and altered oral microbiome, suggesting a potential key role of Fusobacterium nucleatum, a notable periodontal pathogen involved in several pathological periodontal conditions, in increasing the risk of premature birth.
CONCLUSIONS: Since F. nucleatum is frequently associated with preterm birth, it is coherent to hypothesize a potential role for the oral microbiota for preterm birth risk. Further studies should be carried out to determine the changes of the oral microflora in pregnancy and to provide comprehensive knowledge of the diversity of oral bacteria involved in preterm birth.
The Effect of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Flowers Extract on the Apoptosis of Fibroblast Proliferation in Keloids
Authors: Putra Imam Budi , Soebono Hardyanto , Hadisahputra Sumadio , Bachtiar Adang
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Keloid is a benign fibroproliferative dermal disorder as a result of dysregulation wound healing process in susceptible individuals. The pathogenesis is not clearly known yet, but upregulation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was found to have a significant role in inducing hyperproliferation of fibroblast cells. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) flower extract has been found to have high content of polyphenols. Some studies have shown inhibition effect of H. sabdariffa polyphenols extract on TGF-β1, and as result affects fibroblast proliferation. Therefore, roselle flower extract might have a significant role in the prevention of keloid formation.
AIM: The objective of the study was to determine the effect of roselle flower extract on fibroblast cells proliferation in human keloid.
METHODS: An experimental controlled trial of 10 different concentrations (1.96 μg/ml, 3.91 μg/ml, 7.81 μg/ml, 15.63 μg/ml, 31.25 μg/ml, 62.50 μg/ml, 125 μg/ml, 250 μg/ml, 500 μg/ml, and 1000 μg/ml) of roselle (H. sabdariffa L.) flower extract was done on cultured fibroblast cells originated from human keloid biopsied tissue. Tunnel assay was done to evaluate the apoptosis rate of the cultured fibroblast cells on each concentration. Determination of TGF-β1 titer of the cultured human keloid fibroblast cells in and cytotoxicity assay of the extract on cultured normal human fibroblast cells in each concentration were done with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. All the assays were done in triple repetition. Statistical analysis using linear regression test was done to determine the association between the concentration of roselle flower extract with apoptosis rate and TGF-β1 titer. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the results of cytotoxicity assay.
RESULTS: Apoptosis rate of the cultured fibroblast cells was found to be increased dose dependently with roselle flower extract concentration (r2 = 0.797; p < 0.05). TGF-β1 titer was inversely related with the extract concentration (r2 = 0.501; p < 0.05). Cytotoxicity assay revealed that no differences in absorbance value and viability cells were found in each concentration.
CONCLUSION: Roselle (H. sabdariffa L.) flower extract was found to induce apoptosis of the cultured fibroblast cells and reduction of TGF-β1 titer in dose-dependent pattern, without cytotoxicity effect against human fibroblast cells.
Effects of Moringa Oleifera Leaves and Honey Supplementation during Pregnancy on Mothers and Newborns: A Review of the Current Evidence
Authors: Hadju Veni , Dassir Muhammad , Sadapotto Andi , Putranto Aliyah , Marks Geoffrey , Arundhana Andi Imam
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition in pregnant women has been known to bring effects on the mothers’ and infants’ health. Food or nutrient supplementation is now being used to correct the problems. Moringa Oleifera leaves and honey are the two types of natural supplements used by pregnant women.
AIM: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the potential effects of Moringa, honey, and both compared to ironfolic acid supplements given to pregnant women on the pregnancy outcomes.
METHODS: A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the extent of the benefits of the supplementation of M. Oleifera, honey, or both against pregnant women. There were seven studies which are conducted in Indonesia on this topic.
RESULTS: This review shows that M. Oleifera leaves in the form of extract and powder as well as honey could improve maternal weight and hemoglobin, and baby’s birth weight. Moreover, both interventions could reduce stress and protect mothers and their babies from negative effects of oxidative stress.
CONCLUSION: Nevertheless, efforts are needed to formulate a recommended dose as adequate supplements for pregnant women.
The Stromal Cell-derived Factor-1/CXCL12 3’A-gene Polymorphism is Related to the Increased Risk of Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Prabawa I Putu Yuda , Lestari Anak Agung Wiradewi , Muliarta I Made , Mardhika Putu Eka , Pertiwi Gusti Ayu Riska , Bhargah Agha , Manuaba Ida Bagus Amertha Putra , Artha Made Junior Rina , Rina I Ketut , Rampengan Starry Homenta
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Single-nucleotide polymorphism in the stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXCL12 gene had been associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, several published studies have shown inconsistent results.
AIM: A meta-analysis was assessed to evaluate the association between SDF-1 3’A-gene polymorphism and CAD in the literature.
METHODS: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and adhering to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. The literature search strategy was carried out on April 3, 2019, from PubMed, EBSCO, Google Scholar, and DOAJ during 2013–2018 period using various keywords related to SDF-1, CXCL12, polymorphism, and CAD. Original data from the group, case-control study, English full-text, and DNA polymorphism assessment using polymerase chain reaction were enrolled. Gene polymorphism in A-base nucleotide among patients with CAD and healthy subjects were evaluated. All data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 (Cochrane, Denmark) for meta-analysis.
RESULTS: Five eligible studies extracted for data analysis (2013–2018) based on the assessment of 2-independent reviewers. Several studies have been excluded due to irrelevant criteria evaluated. A significant result was found between SDF-1 3’A gene polymorphism with the increased risk of CAD in the overall effect evaluation using a fixed-effects model (odds ratio [OR]: 2.02; 95% confidence interval 1.54-2.65; I2: 34%; p<0.001) on the forest plot.
CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis suggests that gene polymorphism in A-base nucleotide of SDF-1/CXCL-12 was associated with the susceptibility of CAD. However, a bigger-scale and well-design of case-control study should be conducted to clarify these conclusions.
Anticataract Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Garcinia Mangostana Linn Pericarp on Glucose-induced Cataractogenesis in Goat Lens
Authors: Faisal Muhammad Ali , Octavianty Ika Kustiah , Sujuti Hidayat , Rudijanto Achmad
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: One of the main causes of blindness for diabetic patients is cataract. The molecular mechanisms that may be involved in diabetic cataract include polyol pathway flux, increased formation of advanced glycation end products, osmotic stress, and elevated oxidative stress.
AIM: The aim of the study was to explore the anticataract activity of the ethanol extract from pericarp of Garcinia mangostana Linn (GML) in Goat eye lens.
METHODS: Goat eye lenses separated to five groups were incubated in M199 medium, added by penicillin of 100 U/ml and streptomycin of 0.1 mg/ml in a 37°C incubator with 95% O2 and 5% CO2 for 120 h. Group I served as the normal control. Group II (toxic control) the lenses were added by 30 mM glucose. The lenses in Groups III, IV, and V nurtured in M199 medium with 30 mM of glucose added by 100, 500, and 1000 μg/ml of GML pericarp extract. Carboxymethyllysine (CML), GRP78, DDIT3, active caspase 3, and MDA levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assays. Comparisons of biochemical parameters were conducted using one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test.
RESULTS: The administration of glucose 30 mM increased MDA, CML, DDIT3, and GRP78, and active caspase 3 levels in Group II. Groups III, IV, and V which treated with GML pericarp extract decreased MDA, CML, GRP78, and DDIT3, and active caspase 3 levels inside the lens. On lens capsule, the CML and GRP78 levels increased.
CONCLUSION: Ethanol extract of GML pericarp potentially showed antioxidant, anti-glycation, DDIT3 inhibitor, and anti-apoptotic activity in Goat cultured lenses.
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Detection of Enterotoxigenic and Enteroaggregative Strain of Escherichia coli among Foreign Tourist with Traveler Diarrhea in Bali using Uniplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Sukrama I Dewa Made , Lestari Anak Agung Wiradewi , Hendrayana Made Agus , Somia I Ketut Agus
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: As one of the major tourist destinations in Southeast Asia, Bali received millions of foreign tourists each year. Diarrhea consistently placed as the most often experienced health problem among travelers. Traveler diarrhea has various etiologies. The most common was Escherichia coli. The existence of several types of E. coli that are resistant to several antibiotics causes the selection of antibiotics is crucial.
AIM: This preliminary study aims to understand the pattern of antibiotics sensitivity and to detect the presence of enterotoxigenic and enteroaggregative strains of E. coli from fecal samples of foreign tourists with traveler’s diarrhea in Denpasar, Bali.
METHODS: A culture examination was carried out to obtain E. coli bacterial colonies. Disk diffusion Kirby–Bauer was carried out for antibiotic sensitivity testing. The confirmed colonies were tested against several common antibiotics, including the recommended first line (ciprofloxacin and azithromycin). Uniplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers conducted to detect the enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) (elt and estA2-4) and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) (CVD432) strains.
RESULTS: Among 48 stool culture, 14 (29.2%) were identified as E. coli colonies. All samples were still sensitive to the antibiotics meropenem, ceftazidime, and cefixime. Despite majority of the samples (78.6%) still sensitive to ciprofloxacin, large proportion of the samples have developed resistance against the other commonly used antibiotics, doxycycline (70.4%) and azithromycin (57.1%). PCR showed that 3 (21.4%) samples shown positive for CVD432 gene, 2 (14.3%) samples positive for the elt gene, and all negative for the estA2-4 gene.
CONCLUSION: An only small proportion of E. coli was EAEC or ETEC strain. Although most E. coli still sensitive to beta-lactam antibiotics, a significant proportion had shown resistance against the commonly recommended first-line antibiotics.
Survivin and Programmed Death Ligand-1 as Possible Players in the Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis: An Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Esmail Reham Shehab El Nemr , Abdelbary Eman Hassan
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a relapsing chronic inflammatory disorder, with many catastrophic complications. The pathogenesis of UC is not yet well understood. Exploring the exact immunologic pathogenesis of UC may eventually offer new therapeutic options.
AIM OF THE WORK: In this study, we proposed that survivin and programmed death ligand (PDL1) may have roles in the pathogenesis of UC.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study examined the immunohistochemical expression of both markers in the colonic epithelial cells and lamina propria in 43 cases of UC and 43 cases of non-specific chronic colitis (non-inflammatory bowel disease colitis).
RESULTS: The results uncovered that both survivin and PDL1 expression were significantly expressed in the colonic lamina propria cells in UC cases in comparison to colitis cases (p < 0.001). On the other hand, the expression of PDL1 was shown to be lost in the colonic mucosal cells in UC cases when compared to cases of the control group (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The study, therefore, concluded that both survivin and PDL1 may play an important role in the UC pathogenesis and hence may be a novel interest in new therapeutic trends.
Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in Treatment of Coronavirus Disease-19
Authors: Poposka Lidija , Mitevska Irena
Published: October 2020

At present, we are facing coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 with several treatment choices and reports of different treatment outcomes. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine use for the management of severely ill patients started as a quite enthusiastic treatment option, following several small clinical trials, case series reports, public authorities, and media affirmation. However, the evidence we have so far is conflicting and some national societies and professional institutions implicate that we should wait for definite treatment recommendations until there are solid data for or against the use of these drugs. Until we have more powerful evidence in our hands, we should be aware of safety issues of the old drugs for the new application in the emergency state we are facing today with the COVID-19 pandemic. We performed a concise review of strengths, limitations, and awareness for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine use for COVID-19 infection treatment based on the evidence the science has today.
Antifibrotic Activity of Phaleria macrocarpa Extract in Rat Liver-fibrosis Model: Focus on Oxidative Stress Markers, TGF-β1 and MMP-13
Authors: Wardhani Bantari W. K. , Sundari Nanik , Tjandrawinata Raymond R. , Jusuf Ahmad Aulia , Soetikno Vivian , Louisa Melva
Published: October 2020

AIM: This study was aimed to determine the antifibrotic activity of Phaleria macrocarpa (PM) extract in liver fibrosis (LF) and its possible mechanism in the rat model.
METHODS: Sprague Dawley male rats were injected with 2 mL/kg BW of carbon tetrachloride intraperitoneally twice a week for 2 weeks, followed by 1 mL/kg BW for 6 weeks. Afterward, the treatments began from the 3rd week: Silymarin 100 mg/kg BW/day, standardized PM extract (Proliverenol) 75 or 150 mg/kg BW/day orally. Rats were sacrificed in the 8th week. Blood and liver were collected to analyze liver function, liver damage and fibrosis marker, oxidative stress markers, pro-fibrogenic cytokine, and antifibrotic marker.
RESULTS: Our study showed that the treatment of silymarin and PM resulted in the normalized activity of liver function, followed by the amelioration of oxidative stress, demonstrated by the decreased malondialdehyde levels and an increased ratio of glutathione and glutathione disulfide. All markers examined showed that PM extract has antioxidant activity due to decreased hepatic stellate cell activation. We also found a decrease in tumor growth factors-β1 and protein expressions of matrix metalloproteinases-13 in all treatment groups compared to the carbon tetrachloride group. There were tendencies of the decreased fibrotic area following improvements of biochemical parameters.
CONCLUSION: PM extracts ameliorate carbon tetrachloride-induced LF. The proposed mechanism is by overcoming oxidative stress and regulating pro-fibrogenic cytokine and antifibrotic markers.
Efficacy of Neuroprotection from Curcumin through Heat Shock Protein 70 Induction in Traumatic Brain Injury – Rat Model
Authors: Indharty Suzy , Japardi Iskandar , Tandean Steven , Siahaan Andre M. P. , Loe Michael Lumintang , Riawan Wibi
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common problem that caused morbidity and mortality in the world. Secondary brain injury is a complex cascade that causes brain cell apoptosis. Curcumin is a natural product that has neuroprotective properties.
AIM: This study aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin toward heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) expression against the expression apoptosis marker (apoptosis-inducing factor [AIF], caspase-3, and TUNEL assay) in brain tissue after TBI.
METHODS: Thirty-three Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into three treatment groups, that is, sham-operated controls, closed head trauma (CHT), and CHT with curcumin extract (treatment group). In the treatment group, curcumin was given 500 mg/kg per oral for 7 days, then brain tissues were investigated (marker AIF, caspase-3, TUNEL assay, and HSP 70) through immunohistochemistry. Statistical test using one-way ANOVA test and Tukey honestly significant difference as post hoc test.
RESULTS: The mean of positive AIF stained cells in Group A was 5.36 ± 2.11, Group B was 12.82 ± 1.40, and Group C was 3.82 ± 1.40, with a significant difference of AIF expression between Groups C and B (p < 0.05). Mean of positive caspase-3 stained cells in Group A was 5.45 ± 2.30, Group B was 13.82 ± 2.44, and Group C was 3.82 ± 1.54, with a significant difference of caspase-3 expression between Groups C and B (p < 0.05). Mean of positive TUNEL assay stained cells in Group A was 4.82 ± 2.04, Group B was 11.55 ± 1.51, and Group C was 3.55 ± 1.70, with a significant difference between Groups C and B (p < 0.05). Mean of positive HSP 70 stained cells in Group A was 6.82 ± 2.14, Group B was 3.91 ± 2.26, and Group C was 10.27 ± 2.45 with a significant difference of HSP 70 expression distribution within groups (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Curcumin may protect brain cells from apoptosis after close head trauma by upregulated HSP 70 expression.
The Effect of Bay Leaf Extract (Syzygium polyanthum) on Reducing Overexpression of Matrix Metalloproteinases-13 in Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Hasan Refli , Siregar Gontar Alamsyah , Lindarto Dharma
Published: October 2020

AIM: The objective of the study was to determine the inhibitory effect of bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (MMP-9 and MMP-13) inhibitory effect in surgery-induced acute coronary syndrome (ACS) rat model.
METHODS: This study was experimental animal study. Thirty-two surgery-induced ACS Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) divided into 16 bay leaf extract (treatment) group and 16 control groups were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after induction. Expressions of MMP-9 and MMP-13 were determined by immunohistochemistry and its scoring was assessed by two-blinded experienced pathologists. The immunohistochemical scoring of MMP-9 and MMP-13 between groups was analyzed using independent sample t-test and within groups by using one-way ANOVA test.
RESULTS: The expression of MMP-13 in treatment group was decreased compared to control group on days 7 and 14 (p = 0.001 and p = 0.015, respectively). Compared to day 1, the reduction expression of MMP-13 was significant in both control group and treatment group (p = 0.009 and p = 0.003, respectively). There were no significant changes in expression of MMP-9 between groups, and within control group and treatment group.
CONCLUSION: Bay leaf can reduce the overexpression of MMP-13 in surgery-induced ACS rat model. Bay leaf extract can be considered to be given as an adjuvant to prevent cardiovascular adverse event and adverse cardiac remodeling post-ACS.
Tunicamycin Anticancer Drug May Reliable to Treat Coronavirus Disease-19
Authors: Dawood Ali , Alnori Haitham Abdul-Malik
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks remains a medical and economic challenge, due to the lack of a suitable drug or vaccine. The glycan in some proteins plays an important role in protein folding, sorting, transport, and oligomerization, so the hindering of N-linked glycosylation of glycoproteins will prevent assembly of the virion. Tunicamycin anticancer drug inhibits the N- linked glycan.
AIM: This study aimed to find out the mechanism action of tunicamycin on the viral glycoproteins.
RESULTS: The growth of the virus in the presence of tunicamycin conducted in the production of non-infectious and absence of spike protein (spikeless virions). Tunicamycin inhibits E2, S, and M glycoproteins of coronaviruses. Tunicamycin has also diminished glycosylation of PTMs such as HE, and 8ab of SARS-CoV. Finally,
CONCLUSION: This study recommends using this drug to treat the SARS-CoV-2.
The Role of Social Participation in Controlling and Preventing of Coronavirus 2019 Disease in Iran
Authors: Zareipour Moradali , Kalejahi Jila Nagavi
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: According to the prevalence of coronavirus in the world, health measures will not be accountable to face the disease. As well as the economic, political, and social dimensions of the disease, there will be a lot of pressure on the health system, which may not be able to compensate in its various aspects. Therefore, the participation and cooperation of the society in the form of mobilizing the society with the health system will be effective in controlling and preventing this disease.
AIM: Investigating the role of social participation in the controlling and preventing of Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) was the aim of this study.
METHODS: In this review study, related English and Persian articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, Irandoc, SID, and Science direct were searched and studied using COVID-19, coronavirus, and social participation keywords.
RESULTS: The opportunity to distribute health knowledge in the community has been created and led to the internal acquisition of mastery in health promoting of preventing and controlling of COVID-19 in the process of participation in health. Furthermore, the percentage of resources has been increased and the cost of government will be decreased and the possibility of accumulating available resources and the access to them will be provided; at the same time, the allocation of resources will be facilitated to the needy. A better understanding of the health and well-being needs of the people and the promotion of health are other benefits of people’s participation in controlling COVID-19. Involvement and active participation of the people increases the sense of social responsibility and the feeling of authority and it cause to disappear the dominance of official organizations. All of these outcomes have a positive effect on the health of people and society and ultimately in controlling COVID-19.
CONCLUSION: As for a common goal is formed in social participation, the common motivation to achieve that goal in the light of proper and timely awareness and information can be a stimulus, a comprehensive determination to control coronavirus and lead to effective collective action against this disease.
Can Coronavirus Disease-19 Lead to Temporomandibular Joint Disease?
Authors: Rokaya Dinesh , Koontongkaew Sittichai
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become pandemic spreading globally. The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to psychological problems and compromised the mental health of the people. Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) shows the pain and dysfunction of the masticatory apparatus. History of trauma, stress, psychosocial impairment, drinking alcohol, and catastrophizing are related to the TMD.
AIM: We aimed to present some background information, in which COVID-19 may be correlated with TMD.
METHODS: The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to psychological problems and compromised the mental health of the people.
RESULTS: The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to psychological problems and compromised the mental health of the people, not those only who suffered from coronavirus but also to those in self-isolation, social-distancing, and quarantined. TMD shows the pain and dysfunction of the masticatory apparatus, and one of the major causes of TMD is stress and psychosocial impairment apart from drinking alcohol and history of trauma. Hence, TMD may be correlated with COVID-19. The consequences of anxiety, depression, and stress in people from the outbreak of COVID-19 may lead to TMD.
CONCLUSION: Hence, COVID-19 may be correlated with TMD as one of the major causes of TMD is stress and psychosocial impairment.
COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Physicians’ Decision-making: Digoxin Toxicity in View of Combination of Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin: A Case Report
Authors: Mezaal Mohammed  Hamzah , Farhan Hasan Ali , Dakhil Zainab Atiyah
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Since the WHO declaration of COVID-19 being a global pandemic, the population in general and health-care providers, in particular, became under extraordinary pressure that remarkably impacts their decisions at multiple levels as all of us should make decisions quickly while being uncertain in many times.
CASE REPORT: We are reporting a 64-year-old lady with a medical history of atrial fibrillation and mitral regurgitation that treated with digoxin and warfarin therapy, she was suspected to be a COVID-19 case and prescribed empirical hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin combination without proper adjustment of her baseline therapy, accordingly she developed adverse effect of this combination in the form of digoxin toxicity and long QT, this case highlights how this unprecedented pandemic affects the decision-making of physicians.
CONCLUSION: We should be critical and vigilant in making a decision of prescription or marketing non-evidence-based therapy, and when we are obligated for this decision, we should take all precautions to minimize the adverse effects of these drugs.
Coronavirus Disease-19 and Liver Injury
Authors: Siregar Gontar Alamsyah , Siregar Ginanda Putra , Darmadi Darmadi , Ruslie Riska Habriel
Published: October 2020

Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 is a pandemic since March 11, 2020. The total case is more than a half million worldwide. Liver injury is quite common in COVID-19 patients. Direct viral infection is possible due to the presence of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in cholangiocytes and hepatocytes. Other proposed mechanisms are virus-induced cytopathic effects, inflammation process, hypoxia and shock, increased apoptotic activity, increased positive end expiratory effect, and drug-induced. The manifestation of liver injury is mild and transient with elevated liver enzymes, bilirubin, and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels. Deterioration of liver function can occur in subjects with COVID-19 and underlying liver injury. The management is principally supportive. Hepatoprotective drugs may be administered in severe cases.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice toward COVID-19 among a Sample of Iranian General Population
Authors: Nourmoradi Heshmatollah , Kazembeigi Farogh , Kakaei Hojatollah , Jalilian Mohsen , Mirzaei Amin
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: The new coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is rapidly spreading around the world. At present (up to July 11, 2020), 255,117 cases and 12,635 deaths due to this disease have been reported in Iran. Following the guidelines recommended for the prevention and control of the disease is the most important approach to combating this global threat.
AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice, and fear of the Iranian people in relation to COVID-19.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of 558 Iranian people who entered the study by convenience sampling method. The knowledge, attitude, practice, and fear of the Iranian general population toward COVID-19 were collected using an online 50-items questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, independent sample T-test, and bivariate Pearson’s correlation were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS: The studied subjects were mostly in urban area (81.0%), female (61.3%), and married (57.9%). The participants’ knowledge about personal hygiene (88.9%), using a facemask (82.2%), and the symptoms of the COVID-19 (76.8%) were adequate. However, their knowledge about contaminated surfaces disinfection procedure (41.8%), and the importance of using a facemask for healthy people (43.7%) was lower. The highest level of the subjects’ attitude was related to the role of social distancing (94.6%), staying at home (94.5%), and personal hygiene (91.2%). The low levels of attitude were also associated with access to personal protective equipment (84.1%) and the psychological effects of COVID-19 (65.3%). Furthermore, the highest levels of practices were related to avoiding hand shaking with others (91.5%) and washing hands frequently (88.8%). The practices such as following a healthy and nutritious diet (45.1%) and wearing gloves (51.4%) were reported to be less common.
CONCLUSION: The results showed that about half of the subjects did not have enough knowledge about COVID-19. However, the attitude and practice of most of the participants toward COVID-19 were moderate or good. Nevertheless, the extensive health education interventions are needed to promote knowledge about COVID-19 and also to motivate people to do preventive behaviors.
Relationship between Plasma Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1α in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Malignancy and Without Malignancy
Authors: Rusdiana Rusdiana , Widjaja Sry Suryani , Savira Maya , Ardinata Dedi
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus was associated with hypoxia condition and result ischemia and induced neovascularization and other forms of the cell adaptation in response to the tissue concentrations of low oxygen levels. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 alpha a marker of the cell adaptation as a hypoxic cell response which was due of chronic hiperglycemia.
AIM: The aim of this study to know the relationship between Hba1c and plasma HIF-1 α level at type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
METHODS: The cross-sectional study design using the 89 samples of diabetes mellitus patients who attended Murni Teguh Hospital in Medan of Indonesia country. The inclusion criteria of the samples were all the patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus both the sexes. Body mass index, blood pressure, and disease history six socioeconomic status was recorded. The laboratory parameters, including fasting blood sugar and Hba1c were examined by Murni Teguh Hospital Laboratory.
RESULTS: The result of the study we found that there was no significant difference the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α level (HIF-1α) at type 2 diabetes mellitus with malignancy was higher compared at type 2 diabetes mellitus without malignancy.
CONCLUSION: The patient’s type 2 diabetes mellitus with the high HIF-1α levels have a poor prognosis compared with the lower levels because the high HIF-1α will tend to have a risk complication of malignancy or the other complication of diabetes mellitus.
The Effect of Knowledge and Attitude toward Coronavirus Disease-19 Transmission Prevention Practice in South Sumatera Province, Indonesia
Authors: Retnaningsih Ekowati , Nuryanto Nuryanto , Oktarina Reni , Komalasari Oom , Maryani Sri
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Globally, the number of coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 confirmation cases shows an exponential increase. In South Sumatera province, Indonesia, reported positive confirm cases in March 2020 as many as 5 cases, and within 2 months there was an increase to 196 times (982 cases) confirmation cases in May 2020. Transmission prevention practice is essential to inhibit the spread of COVID-19 and reduce the number of cases. Based on past studies, COVID-19 transmission prevention practice is affected by community characteristics, level of knowledge and attitudes, but there is no study conducted in Indonesia.
AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of knowledge and attitudes toward COVID-19 transmission prevention practice.
METHODS: The study was conducted with cross-sectional study approach. The sample is the people lived in South Sumatra who filled out the questionnaire through the Google form application, total 1187 people. Data were collected by snowball method during the period of April 18–30th 2020. Data were analyzed statistically using multiple logistic regression tests.
RESULTS: The result of this study found that four variables significantly affected COVID-19 transmission prevention practice. They were occupation (odds ratio [OR]: 1.128; p < 0.01), gender (OR: 1.309; p < 0.05), knowledge (OR: 1.782; p < 0.01), and attitude (OR: 2.059; p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: The dominant factor affecting COVID-19 transmission prevention practice is attitude and knowledge. Hence, it is necessary to increase community knowledge about COVID-19 better to change people’s attitudes toward COVID-19 transmission prevention so they can implement good COVID-19 transmission prevention practice.
Immunohistochemical Study of Androgen Receptor Expression in Estrogen Receptor-Negative Invasive Breast Carcinoma and its Relation with Clinicopathologic Factors
Authors: Abdelaal Shereen E. , Gabal Samia M. , Gamal el Din Amina A. , Hosni Hala N. , Sharaf Hafiza A.
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast carcinomas lack the expression of ER and they have no targeted hormone therapies. The androgen receptor (AR) is a newly emerge biomarker. Detecting AR in these tumors may provide a target for future therapies.
AIM: The aim of the study is to examine the immunohistochemical expression profiles of AR protein in ER-negative invasive breast carcinomas and to assess the relation between AR expression and the clinicopathologic factors such as age, tumor size, tumor grade, tumor type, immunohistochemical type, lymph node status, and Ki67 expression.
METHODS: Sixty paraffin blocks of ER-negative invasive breast carcinoma cases were stained immunohistochemically by AR. Positive expression was defined as ≥1% nuclear staining.
RESULTS: AR positivity was detected in 55% of the studied cases. The positive cases were scored by H-score with a median=117, and a range of 3–285 and by Allred score with a median=7, and a range of 3-8. AR is expressed in 60.9% of triple-negative breast carcinoma cases. AR expression was higher in older age, and there were significant positive correlations between the degree of AR expression (AR%, AR intensity, and H-score) and age (p=0.050, 0.007, 0.033, respectively). There was non-significant negative correlation between Ki67% and the degree of AR expression (AR%, AR intensity, H-score, and Allred score). Regarding different histological types, tumor grade, tumor size, lymph node status, and immunohistochemical types, there was no significant difference between AR positive and AR negative cases.
CONCLUSION: AR is frequently expressed in ER-negative invasive breast carcinoma; especially in older age, and in a large number of triple-negative subtypes. This may give chance to benefit from future AR target therapy. We recommend further research work on AR expression in the special histologic subtypes of ER-negative breast carcinoma and in the triple negative group.
Editoral
Authors: Aguiar Claudinei Rodrigues de
Published: October 2020

Editorial
Impressão 3D de protetores faciais para proteção de profissionais da saúde contra a infecção do COVID-19
Authors: Bertoncini Andrade Marco Antônio , Silva Charlene Da , Cella Jéssika Valeska da Silva , Savi Matheus Brum Marques Bianchi
Published: October 2020

No Brasil, a pandemia de COVID-19 já totalizou até o mês de abril mais de 30 mil casos confirmados. O vírus possui alto risco de transmissibilidade principalmente no ambiente de saúde, por isso é necessário que os profissionais que atuam nesse espaço tenham a disposição os equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI).  Considerando a alta demanda de EPI em um hospital pediátrico da região de Santa Catarina, um grupo de pesquisadores do Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina (IFSC), expandiu um projeto de extensão já existente, chamado “Impressão 3D aplicada à medicina II; da sala de aula para a cirurgia”, a fim de atender a solicitação do serviço na confecção de protetores faciais a partir da impressão 3D. Para isso o grupo da instituição de ensino ofereceu treinamento aos funcionários do hospital, visto que o serviço possui uma impressora 3D, bem como mentoria na confecção das máscaras e outros protótipos. Essa interação permitiu uma aproximação da comunidade acadêmica com os funcionários, além de possibilitar um feedback instantâneo, permitindo ajustes e aperfeiçoamento do modelo produzido, que foi disponibilizado imediatamente para as equipes do hospital e outras instituições.
Perifa consciente: comunicação popular em comunidades vulneráveis de Curitiba
Authors: Vale Gabriel Ferreira , Zanotto da Silva Caio César , Januário Cabral Maíra Kaline , Moniz Maryellen Camilo , Rodrigues da Silva Claudia Bordin , Amstel Frederick Van
Published: October 2020

Esta nota técnica descreve as etapas inicias do projeto Perifa Consciente, que visa a produção de recursos educacionais sobre a prevenção e o tratamento do COVID-19 para comunidades vulneráveis de Curitiba e região. O projeto surgiu da inquietação gerada pela   desinformação espalhada intencionalmente sobre a pandemia por líderes políticos e classes dominantes da sociedade que atingem principalmente comunidades com baixa escolaridade. O projeto parte da premissa que a comunicação popular, desenvolvida a partir do diálogo com lideranças da comunidade e em sintonia com a recepção das mensagens circuladas, tem o potencial de transformar essa realidade opressiva. Os resultados preliminares do projeto têm demonstrado que as práticas de comunicação popular aumentam o alcance de vozes comunitárias marginalizadas e contribuem para a conscientização sobre os riscos de contágio que ameaçam esta população.
Contribuições da engenharia biomédica da UFABC no combate à COVID-19
Authors: Silva Olavo Luppi , Da Silva Victor Allisson , Campos Danilo Luna , Righetti João Gabriel Arrojado , Daghastanli Nasser Ali , Lombello Christiane Bertachini , Almeida Fernanda N.
Published: October 2020

A pandemia de COVID-19 tem imposto enormes desafios à humanidade e diversos setores da sociedade têm apresentado respostas de acordo com suas possibilidades e áreas de atuação. Os cursos de graduação e pós-graduação em Engenharia Biomédica da Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC) possui um corpo docente e discente com atuação em pesquisa e desenvolvimento de tecnologia em diversas áreas do setor de saúde; o que lhe confere responsabilidade científica, tecnológica e social no impedimento do avanço desta pandemia. Este artigo procura relatar as contribuições da Engenharia Biomédica da UFABC no combate à COVID-19, em especial na região do ABC Paulista durante os dois primeiros meses de isolamento social no Estado de São Paulo.