bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Réflexion sur une cartographie des risques d'érosion des terres agricoles en région de plaines et de plateaux (Consideration on erosion risk cartography of arable lands)
Authors: Veyret Yvette , Wicherek Stanislas
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - La cartographie des risques d'érosion des terres agricoles a fait l'objet d'un nombre limité de travaux. On privilégie le diagnostic morpho-pédologique au sein d'unités fonctionnelles (bassins-versants complexes du Laonnois et du Soissonnais). Ce diagnostic doit permettre la réalisation d'une carte des potentialités des risques érosifs. En croisant ce document avec la carte des couverts végétaux, les données climatiques et les pratiques culturales, il est possible d'établir à une échelle utilisable une carte des risques d'érosion des terres agricoles.
Modélisation statistique et conceptuelle des matières en suspension (Modelling suspended load)
Authors: Gafrej R. , Leviandier T.
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - L'érosion des terres peut être abordée au niveau du bassin-versant par le suivi des matières en suspension. On utilise la série de données recueillies à l'exutoire de Mélarchez, sous-bassin du bassin de l'Orgeval que l'on essaie de modéliser. L'approche de modélisation est dans une première étape statistique, reposant sur des régressions simples et multiples en prenant comme variables explicatives le débit et la pluie. On étudie également le phénomène d'hystérésis. Ce facteur semble réduire les corrélations débit/concentration, c'est pourquoi il est nécessaire d'en tenir compte lors de la modélisation de l'évolution du stock de sédiments disponibles. On suppose que le flux de M.E.S. est fonction de l'écoulement et d'un stock de sol disponible au transport. Ce stock augmente d'une quantité fonction du débit et de la pluie qu'on appellera fonction de production, et diminue d'une quantité fonction du débit et du stock lui-même, qu'on appellera fonction de transfert. On cale un modèle à cinq paramètres optimisés par la méthode Rosenbrook.
The Effect of Information Channel on Information Source Selection: Students' Information Search
Authors: Lee Hee “Andy” , Law Rob , Luk Chris
Published: June 2015

A plethora of research studies has examined the effect of information channel and information source on information search behavior respectively but scant research that examined them together is located. This study conducted a factorial repeated-measures ANOVA to examine the interaction effect between information channel and information source on students' internship information search behavior. Empirical findings indicated a significant interaction effect in students' information use. That is, how information is transmitted (information channel) is more influential than where information is from (information source) is in information use. Also, it was found that the selection of information channel and source is dependent on the type of internship in query. Internal working environment was found most important and external working environment was least important information in internship selection.
Population genetic variation, geographic structure, and multiple origins of autopolyploidy in Galax urceolata
Authors: Servick Stein , Visger Clayton J. , Gitzendanner Matthew A. , Soltis Pamela S. , Soltis Douglas E.
Published: June 2015

• Premise of the study: Whereas population genetic studies have examined allopolyploids, comparable studies of naturally occurring autopolyploids remain rare. To address fundamental questions regarding autopolyploidy, we undertook a detailed population genetic study of one of the classic examples of autopolyploidy, Galax urceolata (Diapensiaceae), which comprises diploid, triploid, and autotetraploid cytotypes. Galax is endemic to the Appalachian Mountains, the adjacent piedmont, sandhills, and coastal plain and represents perhaps the most widely known example of autopolyploidy in nature.

• Methods: Flow cytometry was used to diagnose ploidal level of ∼1000 individuals across 71 populations. We used 10 microsatellite markers to examine genetic variation across the geographic range of Galax and assessed multiple origins though comparisons of diploid, triploid, and tetraploid accessions using multiple analytical approaches.

• Key results: Tetraploids had higher levels of heterozygosity than diploids did. Genetic variation in diploid and tetraploid Galax is geographically structured among the ecoregions of the southeastern United States. Autotetraploidy in Galax urceolata has occurred independently at least 46 times, with triploidy having occurred a minimum of 31 times.

• Conclusions: Genetic differentiation among ecoregions suggests historical patterns of local adaptation. The numerous independent origins of tetraploid Galax reported here are among the highest frequencies of independent polyploidizations ever reported for any polyploid (auto‐ or allopolyploid).
Cancer Care Burden: Aiming at the Achilles Heel
Authors: Ahmed S. , Shahid R.K , Gesy K
Published: June 2015

Cancer is the one of the major causes of death worldwide. More than 16 million new cancer cases are expected by 2020, and it is estimated that cancer will then be the cause of more than 10 million deaths per year[...]
A Call for Theory-Informed Approaches to Knowledge Translation Studies: An Example of Chemotherapy for Bladder Cancer
Authors: Walker M. , French S.D. , Feldman-Stewart D. , Siemens D.R. , Mackillop W.J. , Booth C.M.
Published: June 2015

There is a clear evidence-to-practice gap in bladder cancer care. [...]
Book Review: Therapeutic Revolution: The History of Medical Oncology From Early Days to the Creation of the Subspecialty
Authors: Giddings G.
Published: June 2015

[I]f you didn’t know history, you didn’t know anything [...]
Détecter la centralité des éléments d’une représentation sociale : un indice alternatif de mesure
Authors: Baggio Stéphanie , Renaud Olivier
Published: June 2015

Cet article propose une méthodologie de détection de la centralité des éléments d’une représentation sociale s’appuyant sur la méthode de mise en cause, et susceptible de pallier aux problèmes posés par cette technique jusqu’alors. L’idée consiste à utiliser des mesures de type continu, et d’utiliser des indices portant sur la forme de la distribution (test de Cramér-von Mises). Les résultats montrent que les éléments centraux présentent un effet plancher marqué, c’est-à-dire un rejet massif de l’absence des éléments centraux dans la représentation sociale, contrairement aux éléments périphériques. De plus, les méthodes proposées semblent autoriser une plus grande finesse d’analyse, permettant notamment de distinguer éléments centraux normatifs et inconditionnels.
Signo y secreto en la zona de il disiato riso
Authors: Liendo Victoria
Published: June 2015

¿Qué ocurre si, una vez alcanzado el objeto del deseo, la tensión erótica se cristaliza en un límite? En su Autobiografía (1981), Victoria Ocampo narra su relación amorosa con el primo de su marido. El erotismo que los reúne en un contexto de prohibición y clandestinidad atraviesa dilatados pasos hasta consumarse en una fuerte pasión amorosa. Su relación surge como transposición literaria de la Divina Comedia de Dante (Infierno): el fogoso y trágico apasionamiento de Francesaca de Rímini por el hermano de su marido.Contra toda expectativa, en la cumbre del encuentro erótico, el sujeto femenino experimenta una fuerte sensación de coto. La cima se desplaza: llegar no es sino un nuevo punto de partida hacia regiones inaccesibles. El cuerpo del otro, frontera entre un más acá incompleto y un más allá imposible, es el escondite donde se cifra un mensaje secreto: es un signo, metonimia de un texto más amplio –el texto entero– al que ella, prisionera de la precariedad de sus sentidos, no tiene acceso. Los ojos, la boca, las manos del otro son los fragmentos perceptibles de un todo evanescente, inalcanzable. Frente a ese límite, el sujeto se estrella con inútil afán de penetrar lo que le está velado.En este trabajo se analiza la estrategia de inventarse un límite para perpetuar el deseo: confín que, bloqueando la fusión, activa y mantiene siempre vivo el goce erótico.
Altérations et virilité
Authors: Fabriol Anaïs
Published: June 2015

Comme toute zone frontalière qui se respecte, les États du nord-ouest du Mexique ont construit une partie de leur attractivité grâce au tourisme érotique, que ce soit à travers des lupanars ou, ultérieurement, des sex-shops. Si ce processus a permis de constituer des imaginaires urbains autour de corps de prostituées féminines, et donc d’exalter une apparence physique spécifique consacrée au plaisir, en revanche, il semblerait que peu à peu, cette représentation de la femme sexuée se transfigure en mise en perspective du mâle féminisé, ou du moins réduit à des attributs/codes de séduction appartenant aux deux sexes : soit un homme-objet sportif, à la limite du gigolo, fait pour attirer les convoitises féminines, soit un homosexuel ou bisexuel, soit, paroxysme du borderline, le travesti ou vestida, encore plus beau et féminin qu’une femme, sorte de figure érotique par antonomase. Dès lors, il convient de nous interroger sur les représentations qu’engendrent ces êtres autant à la limite que l’univers dans lequel ils vivent, les désirs qu’ils suscitent et les constructions diégétiques qu’ils appellent. Sont-ils la métaphore d’une identité déjà mouvante ou le symbole de la disparition de l’archétype du macho latino ? Ou bien sont-ils encore une forme altérée du personnage postmoderne ?L’étude porte principalement sur trois ouvrages narratifs : la nouvelle « Marcos » du recueil Desnudamente Roja (2010) de Rosina Conde, et les romans 41 closets (2005) de Heriberto Yépez et Travesti (2009) de Carlos Reyes Ávila.
De la censure à l’autocensure
Authors: Prioul Françoise
Published: June 2015

Cette étude diachronique et comparative de la poésie du tango et de la danse montre comment un genre né de grands bouleversements psychologiques et sociaux, objet de critiques acerbes car révélatrices d’enjeux fondamentaux, crée ses propres mécanismes d’autocensure, qui permettent un équilibre essentiel entre prohibition et transgression, pulsions érotiques et contrôle social. Ce sont ces mécanismes eux-mêmes, endogènes, qui créent les conditions de possibilité d’un érotisme supérieur car sublimé dans l’art.L’étude s’appuie sur des traités de danse, des descriptions littéraires, des témoignages de danseurs de la première moitié du xxe siècle. L’étude dégage quelques éléments sémiotiques de cette tension : enjeu identitaire, argentin mais aussi peut-être universel car ancré dans un invariant inconscient et psychique, ce qui permettrait de comprendre en partie la longévité et l’ampleur géographique et culturelle de ce genre artistique.
Erotismo, registro popular e hibridismo de lenguajes escénicos en La Negra Ester de Roberto Parra y Andrés Pérez
Authors: Obregón Osvaldo
Published: June 2015

La Negra Ester fue estrenada en 1988 por el Gran Circo Teatro en Puente Alto, comuna periférica de Santiago de Chile y representada después en la Terraza Caupolicán del Cerro Santa Lucía en pleno centro de la capital; en ambos lugares el espacio teatral fue una carpa o «chapiteau» sin techo. También ha ocupado posteriormente salas convencionales. Al cabo de una prolongada difusión nacional e internacional (Canadá, Francia, Escocia, Italia, Suiza, Colombia) ha llegado a ser un montaje emblemático del teatro chileno de los últimos decenios. Nuestro análisis se centra tanto en la adaptación dramatúrgica como en el montaje. Desarrolla los siguientes aspectos: 1) El tema del erotismo en La Negra Ester, con referencia a conceptos de Georges Bataille en su libro L’érotisme; 2) Los rasgos formales de la dramaturgia textual; y 3) La puesta en escena de Andrés Pérez.
L’érotisation du monde et l’affirmation identitaire chez Gregorio Martínez
Authors: Salinas-Desmond Patricia
Published: June 2015

Le monde que Gregorio Martínez met en scène, celui de la population rurale de sa terre natale de Coyungo, près de Nazca, révèle un imaginaire rural et des comportements irrigués par des rapports intenses à la nature, à la fertilité, au corps, à la vie et à la sexualité, venus en droite ligne de la mère Afrique. Avec toujours, comme dans les chants, les musiques, les danses et les « décimas », l’humour burlesque et la caricature, le rire et la moquerie. Chez Grégorio Martínez, cette affirmation identitaire et ce rapport solaire et cosmique singulier de l’homme avec la nature passent par la femme, souvent délaissée, trompée et insatisfaite par les hommes. Personnage central de la société, sa plus grande humanité, son humour et son érotique subvertissent les hiérarchies et s’affirment ironiquement face à la domination des mâles.
Erotismo, sexualidad y misoginia en relatos policiales del siglo XXI en el Cono Sur
Authors: Pino Mirian
Published: June 2015

Octavio Paz en La llama doble (1993) expresó la diferencia existente entre amor, erotismo y sexualidad. Las fronteras entre ellas no parecen a simple vista claras. Y esta complejidad es visible si la articulamos con la relación entre la modernidad en América Latina y la cultura patriarcal, nodo pregnante en numerosos enclaves societarios del continente. Si bien el relato policial, más precisamente el noir, es un género nacido como producto de una crisis socioeconómica en la década del 20 del siglo pasado, esto no impidió que las representaciones femeninas visibilizaran lo erótico como clave de acceso para observar de qué modo se comportan los modelos genéricos de las culturas centrales (en este caso el norteamericano), cercanos a cierto conservadurismo cultural y su adaptación en América Latina. Muchos escritores en nuestro continente escribieron sus relatos al calor del catecismo de Raymond Chandler; considero que en El simple arte de matar (1944) se construye los cimientos de una cultura erótica patriarcal al tiempo que se cuestiona las bases de la modernidad en lo político social, a través del desajuste entre ley y justicia. Esta presentación recorre problemáticamente el eje erotismo, sexualidad y misoginia en textos policiales del Cono Sur, más precisamente en Argentina, Chamamé (2007) de Leonardo Oyola, y Chile, La muerte juega a ganador (2010) de Ramón Díaz Eterovic.
De la prévention situationnelle au predictive policing
Authors: Benbouzid Bilel
Published: June 2015

Cet article traite d’un corpus de textes scientifiques correspondant à un moment important dans le processus de légitimation de la prévention situationnelle : les recherches sur la victimisation à répétition et la construction d’algorithmes de prédiction. Le corpus permet de mettre en scène une controverse souvent ignorée, opposant Ken Pease et Tim Hope, relative à l’interprétation de résultats issus de la modélisation statistique de la distribution de la victimisation dans la population. Mise en perspective avec les résultats des recherches de Ken Pease et ses collaborateurs, la critique de Tim Hope permet de rendre compte de l’ignorance qui évolue avec le développement des connaissances sur la prédiction des victimisations et des innovations qui leur sont associées. En conclusion, il est fait appel à une définition des politiques publiques de prévention et de sécurité non pas à partir des connaissances produites par les experts, mais à partir d’un accord rendu public sur leurs désaccords.
A Systems Approach for Sustainably Reducing Childhood Diarrheal Deaths in Developing Countries
Authors: Gray Monica
Published: June 2015

Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death and is the major cause of malnutrition in children under age 5 worldwide. More than 50 percent of the cases occur in developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Open defecation, substandard fecal disposal systems, and contaminated water supplies are the typical causes of diarrheal diseases. This public health crisis in low income countries mirrors the experiences of today's industrialized nations two centuries ago. The lessons learned from their sanitary evolution can be instructive in charting a sustainable path towards saving the lives of almost 2 million children annually. In this chapter a case study of Cuba's sanitary reformation is also presented to showcase successes, similar to those of developed countries, within a developing country and economically challenging context.
Efficient SSD Integrity Verification Program Based on Combinatorial Group Theory
Authors: Cai Xuejun , Xie Chaohai , Wen Xiaojun
Published: June 2015

In digital forensics, the issue of data integrity protection for increasingly widespread applied SSD (Solid State Disk, SSD) is to be resolved. Based on Combinatorial Group Theory, mapping data objects in SSD validation process and test object in combination group testing methods, using the non-adaptive mode to the initial calculation, stored procedures, and re-calculate, verify process, and carefully selecting the design parameters to construct the test matrix of Combinatorial Group Testing method in response to different application environments, we design testing group. The algorithm capabilities meet the requirements and that is higher efficiently by repeated tests. It is feasible for SSD integrity check based on the Combinatorial Group Theory.
Genotoxic Stress Induces Senescence-Associated ADAM10-Dependent Release of NKG2D MIC Ligands in Multiple Myeloma Cells
Authors: Zingoni Alessandra , Cecere Francesca , Vulpis Elisabetta , Fionda Cinzia , Molfetta Rosa , Soriani Alessandra , Petrucci Maria Teresa , Ricciardi Maria Rosaria , Fuerst Daniel , Amendola Maria Giulia , Mytilineos Joannis , Cerboni Cristina , Paolini Rossella , Cippitelli Marco , Santoni Angela
Published: June 2015

Genotoxic stress can promote antitumor NK cell responses by upregulating the surface expression of activating ligands on cancer cells. Moreover, a number of studies suggested a role for soluble NK group 2D ligands in the impairment of NK cell tumor recognition and killing. We investigated whether genotoxic stress could promote the release of NK group 2D ligands (MHC class I–related chain [MIC]A and MICB), as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying this event in human multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Our results show that genotoxic agents used in the therapy of MM (i.e., doxorubicin and melphalan) selectively affect the shedding of MIC molecules that are sensitive to proteolytic cleavage, whereas the release of the short MICA*008 allele, which is frequent in the white population, is not perturbed. In addition, we found that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 expression is upregulated upon chemotherapeutic treatment both in patient-derived CD138+/CD38+ plasma cells and in several MM cell lines, and we demonstrate a crucial role for this sheddase in the proteolytic cleavage of MIC by means of silencing and pharmacological inhibition. Interestingly, the drug-induced upregulation of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 on MM cells is associated with a senescent phenotype and requires generation of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, the combined use of chemotherapeutic drugs and metalloproteinase inhibitors enhances NK cell–mediated recognition of MM cells, preserving MIC molecules on the cell surface and suggesting that targeting of metalloproteinases in conjunction with chemotherapy could be exploited for NK cell–based immunotherapeutic approaches, thus contributing to avoid the escape of malignant cells from stress-elicited immune responses.
The motive of forgiveness in the Gospel according to Matthew
Authors: Nel Marius J.
Published: June 2015

This article explores the importance of the motif of forgiveness in the Gospel according to Matthew. It takes the arrangement (τάξις) of Matthew as an ancient biography (βίος) of Jesus as its point of departure for describing its ethics of forgiveness. The importance of the motif of forgiveness for Matthew is apparent from the relative frequency with which it is addressed in his Gospel and from the manner in which it is interwoven with his narration of the birth, ministry and death of Jesus. Thereafter the social-historical setting of the Gospel’s initial readers is briefly described in terms of the external (a growing schism with formative Judaism) and internal challenges (intrapersonal conflict) they faced in an attempt to understand the reason for the prominence of the motif of forgiveness in it. Finally, Matthew’s view of forgiveness is systematised by describing the different agents (God, Jesus and the disciples) of forgiveness in his Gospel. The article argues that the birth, life and death of Jesus as well as his words and deeds are integrated in a clear and compelling manner into Matthew’s ethics of forgiveness. For Matthew the confession that God had forgiven his people through Jesus, is the main reason why they are compelled to forgive others. Die motief van vergifnis in die Evangelie volgens Matteus. Die artikel ondersoek die tema van vergifnis in die Evangelie volgens Matteus. Dit neem die opbou (τάξις) van Matteusas ’n antieke biografie (βίος) van Jesus as vertrekpunt vir die beskrywing van die etiek van vergifnis daarvan. Vir Matteus blyk die belangrikheid van vergifnis uit die relatiewe frekwensie waarmee dit voorkom in die Matteusevangelie en die wyse waarop dit met sy vertelling van die geboorte, bediening en dood van Jesus verweef is. Die sosio-historiese agtergrond van die Matteusevangelie se aanvanklike lesers word ook kortliks beskryf interme van die eksterne (’n groeiende skisma met formatiewe Judaïsme) en interne uitdagings (intrapersoonlike konflik) wat hulle in die gesig gestaar het in ’n poging om die rede vir die prominensie van die vergifnistema in Matteus te bepaal. Ten slotte word Matteus se siening van vergifnis gesistematiseer deur die beskrywing van die verskillende agente (God, Jesus endie dissipels) van vergifnis in sy Evangelie. Die artikel argumenteer dat die geboorte, lewe en dood van Jesus, sowel as sy woorde en dade op ‘n duidelike en oortuigende wyse in Matteus se etiek van vergifnis geïntegreer is. Vir Matteus is God se vergifnis van sy volk se sondes deur Jesus, die primêre rede waarom hulle genoodsaak is tot die vergifnis van anderse oortredings teen hulle.
Supporting Innovation in Organic Agriculture: A European Perspective Using Experience from the SOLID Project
Authors: Padel Susanne , Vaarst Mette , Zaralis Konstantinos
Published: June 2015

Organic farming is recognized as one source for innovation helping agriculture to develop sustainably. However, the understanding of innovation in agriculture is characterized by technical optimism, relying mainly on new inputs and technologies originating from research. The paper uses the alternative framework of innovation systems describing innovation as the outcome of stakeholder interaction and examples from the SOLID (Sustainable Organic Low-Input Dairying) project to discuss the role of farmers, researchers and knowledge exchange for innovation. We used a farmer-led participatory approach to identify problems of organic and low-input dairy farming in Europe and develop and evaluate innovative practices. Experience so far shows that improvements of sustainability can be made through better exploitation of knowledge. For example, it is recognized that optimal utilization of good quality forage is vitally important, but farmers showed a lack of confidence in the reliability of forage production both in quantity and quality. We conclude that the systems framework improves the understanding of innovation processes in organic agriculture. Farmer-led research is an effective way to bring together the scientific approach with the farmers’ practical and context knowledge in finding solutions to problems experienced by farmers and to develop sustainability.
Confiança, controles e riscos em relacionamentos interorganizacionais no âmbito de cadeias de suprimentos
Authors: Marconatto Diego Antonio Bittencourt , Estivalete Vania , Pedrozo Eugenio Avila
Published: June 2015

The research efforts involving supply chains have not been investigating systematically the existent interrelations between interorganizacional trust, control and risks. Hence, this work aims to answer the following research question: How do interorganizacional trust, controls and risks affect each other in the context of supply chains? We perform it by employing the Das and Teng’s (2001) research framework into one of the largest Brazilian supply chains. Eight key propositions emerged from fifteen interviews and documental investigation. Altogether, such propositions allow to observe that (a) the joint analysis of interorganizacional trust, controls and risk provides a higher level of understanding of such elements in comparison with their individual analysis; (b) the various relationships between interorganizacional trust, controls and risks are complex, so linear research approaches are not adequate to comprehend their reality. The managerial implications of this study are the analytic capacity offered by the research framework for defining the types and extension of controls to be negotiated and for systemizing the largest risks to the business.
ISNI : un identifiant passerelle
Authors: Angjeli Anila
Published: June 2015

Depuis longtemps, les organismes qui gèrent des données relatives aux personnes et collectivités impliquées dans les différentes étapes de la vie des productions intellectuelles attendaient un identifiant unique, international, pouvant servir de passerelle entre les différents systèmes et bases de données et faciliter la circulation de l’information. ISNI (International Standard Name Identifier) a été élaboré pour répondre à cette attente. Cet article décrit les étapes du projet depuis sa gestation jusqu’à la mise en place du système de gestion. Il en expose les enjeux dans l’environnement numérique.
Des archives mises en scène par les artistes
Authors: Boucher Marie-Pierre , Lemay Yvon
Published: June 2015

L’utilisation des documents d’archives par les artistes contemporains offre une nouvelle perspective sur leur diffusion et leur mise en valeur. Nous verrons comment cinq artistes canadiens ont créé, chacun à leur manière, des oeuvres à partir d’archives photographiques. En effet, selon les tactiques utilisées pour sa mise en scène, l’archive jouera différents rôles : elle sera décontextualisée par Patrick Altman, comparée à une trace plus récente par Andrzej Maciejewski, intégrée à un lieu significatif par Dominique Laquerre ainsi que Dominique Blain, et réexposée selon un procédé original par Vid Ingelevics.
De l’imprimé au numérique : les défis posés aux bibliothèques collégiales depuis 40 ans
Authors: Marquis Daniel
Published: June 2015

Un bilan du développement des bibliothèques collégiales du réseau public et privé est brossé à partir de leur création, à la fin des années 1960, jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Progressivement, ces bibliothèques se développent et dépassent le rôle passif de prestation de services et de prêt de livres pour assumer un rôle majeur dans la réussite des étudiants. Une plus grande adéquation entre les services offerts et les besoins pédagogiques des étudiants apparaît avec la formation documentaire. Progressivement, les bibliothèques, transformées en véritable « carrefour de l’information » regroupant l’audiovisuel, les centres d’aide et le soutien à l’usage du numérique, assument un rôle dans l’acquisition d’habiletés ou de compétences informationnelles.
Les approches plurielles et les livres plurilingues. De nouvelles ouvertures pour l’entrée dans l’écrit en milieu multilingue et multiculturel
Authors: Moore Danièle , Sabatier Cécile
Published: June 2015

Après l’exploration des coins bibliothèques de classes dans lesquelles des études de cas inspirées de l’ethnographie de la classe ont été menées en Colombie-Britannique, nous nous attacherons à montrer comment certains enseignants, dans leurs pratiques quotidiennes, développent un rapport au monde de l’écrit chez leurs élèves à partir de livres bi-/plurilingues. Ces pratiques, qui s’inscrivent à l’intérieur d’approches plurielles, créent pour les élèves des espaces de continuités et de rencontres entre les sphères scolaires, familiales et sociales pour embrasser la diversité croissante des contextes d’appropriation dans lesquels évoluent les enfants.
Interrogating and Uprooting Systemic Racism in the Emergency Department
Authors: Sangal Rohit B. , Khidir Hazar , Agarwal Anish K.
Published: August 2024

This Viewpoint discusses how recognizing systemic racism in emergency departments will allow for the mitigation of racial and ethnic disparities and promote equitable treatment for all patients.
Oregon's Hospital Payment Cap and Enrollee Out-of-Pocket Spending and Service Use
Authors: Murray Roslyn C. , Norton Edward C. , Ryan Andrew M.
Published: August 2024

Importance

Enrollee cost-sharing and health insurance premiums have grown alongside rising hospital prices. To control prices and price growth, the Oregon State Employee plan instituted a cap on hospital facility payments in October 2019 that was found to reduce hospital prices. Yet the program’s association with out-of-pocket spending and use among enrollees is unknown.

Objective

To assess the association of the Oregon State Employee Plan’s hospital payment cap with out-of-pocket spending and changes in service use among state employees enrolled in higher cost-sharing plans.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Using data from the Oregon All Payer All Claims database (January 2014 to December 2021), a difference-in-differences analysis was conducted to examine the association of Oregon’s hospital payment cap with enrollee out-of-pocket spending and service use. The main analysis focused on the outpatient setting, where there were significant declines in hospital prices. Changes in a subpopulation of employees enrolled in higher cost-sharing plans were also examined.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was outpatient out-of-pocket spending per procedure, which included the copayment, coinsurance, and/or deductible paid at the point of service. Changes in service use were also examined by counting the number of outpatient procedures received per enrollee per year.

Results

The outpatient sample included 1 094 083 procedures from 92 523 Oregon educators and 4 510 342 procedures from 473 621 control enrollees. During the period before implementation, Oregon educators had higher out-of-pocket spending per outpatient procedure than the control group ($69.26 vs $41.87). The hospital payment cap was associated with a $6.60, or 9.5%, reduction in out-of-pocket spending per procedure (95% CI, −12.7 to −0.5) and a 0.24, or 4.8%, increase in the number of outpatient procedures received per enrollee per year (95% CI, 0.09-0.39) among those in higher cost-sharing plans. Enrollees receiving outpatient services from October 2019 through December 2021 saved an estimated $1.8 million. However, savings for the state were $10.3 million less than they would have been absent increases in service use.

Conclusions and Relevance

The study findings suggest that enrollees may benefit from reduced out-of-pocket spending due to hospital price regulations, but states should be mindful that price regulations may inadvertently increase health care service use.
Public Health Impact of FDA’s Request for Additional Safety Data on Cytisine for Tobacco Cessation
Authors: Reddy Krishna P. , Paltiel A. David , Freedberg Kenneth A. , Rigotti Nancy A.
Published: August 2024

Importance

No new tobacco cessation medication has been licensed in the US since 2006. Cytisine, a plant-based partial agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, has demonstrated safety and efficacy in several randomized clinical trials and is currently available in many countries. However, the drug is not commercially available in the US. A New Drug Application to license cytisine as a smoking cessation medication in the US is being prepared for review by the US Food and Drug Administration, whose request for additional safety data will delay submission of the application by approximately 1 year.

Objective

To project the potential public health impact of cytisine, and delays in its availability, as a smoking cessation aid in the US.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This mathematical model estimated life expectancy gains from smoking cessation for people aged 18 to 99 years in the US, reflecting the civilian, noninstitutionalized population. The model also accounted for cytisine uptake and effectiveness, as well as potential relapse among people who stop smoking.

Exposure

Cytisine availability as a tobacco cessation treatment immediately or after 1 year.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were the number of adults able to stop smoking and sustain long-term abstinence and aggregate life-years gained.

Results

The base case includes an estimated 29.4 million US civilian noninstitutionalized adults who smoke cigarettes (age distribution, 18-24 years: 5.5%; 25-44 years: 37.3%; 45-64 years: 41.8%; ≥65 years: 15.5%). With a conservative assumption that 3.8% of these individuals would use cytisine in the first year of availability, immediate cytisine availability could lead 71 000 more people to quit smoking over 1 year and maintain long-term abstinence. This would produce more than 500 000 additional life-years compared to the status quo in which cytisine is unavailable and fewer people stop smoking. Each additional year of delay in the availability of cytisine might reduce population-level life expectancy by 10 000 years. The model results were most sensitive to changes in cytisine uptake and effectiveness.

Conclusions and Relevance

Smoking cessation generates large gains in life expectancy. This mathematical model demonstrated that immediate cytisine availability, even if used successfully by only a small fraction of people who smoke, could produce major public health benefits. Given the need for new tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy options, the magnitude of cytisine’s potential public health benefits, and the morbidity and mortality associated with delay in its availability, a timely review of cytisine for approval in the US is warranted.
Prospective external validation of radiomics‐based predictive model of distant metastasis after dynamic tumor tracking stereotactic body radiation therapy in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer: A multi‐institutional analysis
Authors: Adachi Takanori , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Matsuo Yukinori , Karasawa Katsuyuki , Kokubo Masaki , Sakamoto Takashi , Hiraoka Masahiro , Mizowaki Takashi
Published: August 2024

Background and purpose

This study aims to externally validate a predictive model for distant metastasis (DM) with computed tomography (CT)‐based radiomics features in prospectively enrolled non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients undergoing dynamic tumor‐tracking stereotactic body radiation therapy (DTT‐SBRT).

Materials and methods

The study collected retrospective data from 567 patients across 11 institutions as the training dataset and prospectively enrolled 42 patients from four institutions as the external test dataset. Four clinical features were collected, and 944 CT‐based radiomic features were extracted from gross tumor volumes. After standardization and feature selection, DM predictive models were developed using fine and gray regression (FG) and random survival forest (RSF), incorporating clinical and radiomic features, and their combinations within the training dataset. Then, the model was applied to the test dataset, dividing patients into high‐ and low‐risk groups based on medians of risk scores. Model performance was assessed using the concordance index (C‐index), and the statistical significance between groups was evaluated using Gray's test.

Results

In the training dataset, 122 of 567 patients (21.5%) developed DM, compared to 9 of 42 patients (21.4%) in the test dataset. In the test dataset, the C‐indices of the clinical, radiomics, and hybrid models with FG were 0.559, 0.544, and 0.560, respectively, whereas those with RSF were 0.576, 0.604, and 0.627, respectively.

The hybrid model with RSF, which exhibited the best predictive performance of all models, identified 7 of 23 patients (30.4%) as high risk and 2 of 19 patients (10.5%) as low risk for DM incidence in the test dataset (p = 0.116).

Conclusion

Although predictive models for DM lack significance when applied to prospectively enrolled cases undergoing DTT‐lung SBRT, the model with RSF exhibits a consistent capacity to effectively classify patients at a high risk of developing DM.
Even low‐risk drinking linked to deaths in some older adults
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2024

Lower levels of drinking do not protect older adults from deaths if they have reduced health‐related or socioeconomic risk factors, a recent study has found. In addition, drinking only wine or drinking only with meals attenuated the risk of death.
Caron opens Atlanta‐based program for aviation professionals
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2024

The Wernersville, Pennsyvania‐based Caron Treatment Centers this summer opened an “aviation assessment program.” To be run by newly hired addiction psychiatrist Navjyot Singh Bedi, M.D.,,the program will be based out of the Caron Atlanta Outpatient Center.
Wind‐Proof and Moisture Permeability Aerogel‐Functionalized Textile as All‐Seasonal Passive Thermal Regulators
Authors: Liu Ling , Yuan Dengsen , Hu Xueyan , Hu Peiying , Wang Jin , Li Qingwen
Published: August 2024

Individuals are easily threatened by heat stress or hypothermia in outdoor environments. Therefore, there is a pressing necessity for thermal regulation materials capable of adapting to temperature shocks. Herein, an aerogel‐functionalized textile as a passive thermal regulator (AT‐PTR) is designed and demonstrated, comprising a heating side composed of carbon nanotube‐modified cotton fabric and a cooling side built of silica aerogel‐functionalized poly(vinylidene‐co‐hexafluoropropene) P(VdF‐HFP) nanofibers. The AT‐PTR demonstrates exceptional solar absorption on the heating side, achieving a warming performance of 23.2 °C in cold winter. On the cooling side, its high solar reflectance and infrared emissivity facilitate a sub‐ambient cooling effect of 12.7 °C during hot summer. Moreover, outdoor field tests of the AT‐PTR conducted across various regions and seasons demonstrate an all‐seasonal outdoor human thermal management capability. Additionally, the AT‐PTR exhibits outstanding wind‐proof and moisture permeability, and heat flow can be simply attained by flipping the AT‐PTR, ensuring sustained thermal comfort for individuals across various environments.
Manganese‐Modified Aluminum Adjuvant Enhances both Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses
Authors: Li Yaxin , Wang Chenya , Lv Haoyuan , Li Jingting , Zhang Xupei , Zhang Shiyuan , Shen Qing , Wu Qianqian , Liu Yong , Peng Rui , Liu Zhuang
Published: August 2024

Aluminum adjuvants remain the most commonly used vaccine adjuvants. Being rather effective in triggering humoral immunity, however, aluminum adjuvants usually show limited abilities in activating cellular immunities. Herein, by adding manganese ions during the preparation of aluminum adjuvant, a manganese‐modified aluminum (Mn‐Al) adjuvant is obtained, which can effectively stimulate both humoral and cellular immune responses. Such Mn‐Al adjuvant can enhance antigen adsorption and promote antigen internalization by dendritic cells (DCs). Subsequently, the released Mn2+ can activate the cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate synthase‐stimulator of interferon genes pathway to further promote DC activation. When combines with the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA), the Mn‐Al‐adjuvantes vaccine can induce high levels of antigen‐specific antibody titers and high proportions of antigen‐specific cytotoxic T cells in vivo. Moreover, the Mn‐Al‐adjuvanted vaccine elicited stronger antigen‐specific humoral and cellular immune responses than high‐dose of the aluminum‐based adjuvant. Additionally, immunization of mice with OVA in the presence of the Mn‐Al adjuvant significantly inhibited the growth of B16‐OVA tumors. Furthermore, when formulated with human papillomavirus antigens, Mn‐Al‐adjuvanted vaccines show better in vivo vaccination performance than aluminum‐adjuvanted vaccines. Therefore, the manganese‐modified aluminum adjuvant may thus become a new vaccine adjuvant with the potential to replace conventional aluminum adjuvants.
Organic small grain production in the Upper Midwest and Northeast: Challenges and lessons learned
Authors: Stedden Claire G. , Silva Erin M. , Ryan Matthew R. , Mallory Ellen B. , Darby Heather , Dawson Julie C. , Hartman Alyssa , Sorrells Mark E.
Published: August 2024

Small grains provide agronomic benefits that are critical to the success of organic production, and opportunities within local food movements create expanded markets for small grains. However, diversifying rotations with small grains can present challenges related to production, infrastructure, and markets. Here, we draw upon over two decades of integrated research and Extension efforts to support organic small grain production in the Upper Midwest, Northeast, and other regions of the United States where these crops are underutilized. Lessons learned have led to the development of guiding principles for a systems‐level approach to support regional organic small grain production. Forming innovative partnerships between farmers, researchers, and end users is critical. This enables research, production, and markets to adjust to local needs, adapt to available infrastructure, and foster local grain economies. The key research challenges that lie ahead are also discussed, especially adapting organic grain production practices to regional conditions and changing climates. The systems‐level approach to organic small grain research highlighted here will increase the success and resilience of organic farms across the United States and expand the adoption of organic small grain production.
Bermudagrass fairway responses to various combinations of a soil surfactant and nitrogen
Authors: Sierra Augustinus I. Alejandra , Arevalo Alvarenga A. Fernanda , Schiavon Marco
Published: August 2024

Surfactants are commonly employed in sand‐based turfgrass systems to address soil water repellency, which often results in the formation of preferential flow channels leading to non‐uniform wetting patterns. While the influence of soil moisture on nutrient dynamics is well documented, the potential of surfactants to improve N uptake remains poorly understood. A 2‐year study was conducted on ‘Celebration’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.)] fairway to better understand the interaction between fertility programs (296 or 586 kg N ha−1 year−1 from ammonium sulfate and 564 kg N ha−1 year−1 primarily from a controlled‐release N fertilizer) and surfactant rate and frequency (3.2 L ha−1 every 14 or 28 days, or at 6.4 L ha−1 every 28 days) on turfgrass performance, leaf N content, and soil moisture. Overall, no significant interaction was observed between surfactant treatment and fertility program. During the dry season (November to May), fertility programs influenced turfgrass performance parameters with higher N rates consistently leading to improvements in visual quality, normalized difference vegetation index, percent green cover, and dark green color index; however, no differences were observed during the rainy season (June to October). Surfactants showed no effect on turfgrass performance but led to minimal increase in leaf N content from 3.72% to 3.85%. All surfactant treatments reduced water drop penetration time at 0 cm. Moreover, surfactant treatments applied every 28 days regardless of the rate exhibited a higher volumetric water content compared to those applied every 14 days. Surfactant applications might not be an economically feasible strategy to improve leaf N content in South Florida well‐watered bermudagrass fairways.
Effect of obesity on postoperative complications in ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tóth L. M. , Székely H. , Rancz A. , Zolcsák Á. , Sárközi M. D. , Ábrahám S. , Földvári‐Nagy L. , Erőss B. , Hegyi P. , Miheller P.
Published: August 2024

Background

The prevalence of ulcerative colitis (UC) is around 200/100 000 people. Colectomy is required in 7.5%–40% of patients and 58.8%–94% of these operations are elective. Approximately one in two adults with UC are overweight or obese.

Objective

Our aim was to compare postoperative complications between obese (defined by a body mass index (BMI) over 30 kg/m2) and non‐obese UC patients who underwent total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis (IPAA).

Methods

Our preregistered protocol can be found on PROSPERO (CRD42022377761). We conducted our search in three databases on the 26th of November 2022. PRISMA 2020 guideline and the Cochrane Handbook were applied. We used the GRADEpro program and the QUIPS tool. We applied a random‐effects model to pool effect sizes. We included cohort and case–control studies investigating UC patients undergoing colectomy with IPAA and reported information on postoperative complications in obese and non‐obese patients. We used mean difference (MD) for continuous variables and calculated odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for dichotomous variables.

Results

Of the 6870 hits of our systematic search, we included three retrospective cohort studies for analyses involving 4929 patients in our research. Neither the incidence of complications at 30 days after surgery [OR = 1.08; CI: 0.65–1.79] nor the incidence of septic complications [OR = 1.11; CI: 0.85–1.46] had any clinical relevance, except for the length of hospital stay [MD = 0.36; CI:0.04–0.69]. When we assessed the risk of bias, we found that most of the aspects examined had a moderate overall risk. Our results have very low certainty of evidence.

Conclusions and Relevance

Our findings suggest that obesity defined as BMI over 30 kg/m2 may not associated with an increased risk of higher rates of overall postoperative complications compared to non‐obese patients. Obesity with a cut‐off value of 30 kg/m2 does not appear to be a primary reason for prehabilitation.
Cu66 nanoclusters from hierarchical square motifs: Synthesis, assembly, and catalysis
Authors: Sun Xueli , Wang Yuchen , Wu Qingyuan , Han Ying‐Zi , Gong Xuekun , Tang Xiongkai , Aikens Christine M. , Shen Hui , Zheng Nanfeng
Published: August 2024

The elucidation of hierarchical assembly structure of metal nanoclusters is of fundamental importance in the context of bottom‐up fabrication and functionalization. While recent studies have provided valuable insights into the multiscale assembly patterns of gold or silver‐based nanoclusters, the success in achieving similar results for copper analogues has been notably limited. Herein, by virtue of a slow‐ligand‐release strategy, a copper nanocluster denoted as [Cu66Cl8(PPh3)8(SC2H5)32H24](SbF6)2 was synthesized, resulting in the formation of fresh hierarchical assembly structures in one‐pot. The arrangement of the metal atoms within the cluster reveals an orderly of 16 Cu4 squares, representing a rare copper nanocluster comprising square motifs. Additionally, the ligands (phosphine, thiolate, and halide) coordinate to the surface of the cluster in a regiospecific manner, displaying square patterns as well. The self‐assembly facilitated by the C‐H···F interaction between the cluster moieties and SbF6− anions further induces the formation of three‐dimensional cubes and eventually large nanocrystals. Density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations reveal that hydride atoms with low chemical shifts typically exhibit short Cu‐H distances. The cluster demonstrates moderate stability and high catalytic activity in the chemoselective hydrogenation of cyclohexanone under mild conditions.