bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Particle orbiting motion in a confined microvortex
Authors: Shen Feng , Li Zong-He , Ai Ming-Zhu , Xue Sen , Xu Min , Liu Zhao-Miao
Published: June 2021

Particle motion in viscous fluids is a common and fascinating phenomenon. The hydrodynamics of a trapped finite-size particle recirculating along a stable orbit within a microvortex is still puzzling. Herein we report experimental observations of the orbiting motion of a finite-size particle in a vortex confined in a microcavity. The orbiting particle keeps crossing the streamlines with acute changes in velocity along the orbit, which can be divided into three stages: acceleration, swerving, and following. By examining the relationship between particle orbit and vortex streamlines, we uncover a particle slingshot effect and slip motion. Particle motion and vortex structure in three dimensions are also studied, revealing many new fascinating particle motion phenomena. The results provide new insights into the physics of particle motion in vortices.
Supported Online Self-Management Versus Care as Usual for Symptoms of Fatigue, Pain and Urgency/incontinence in Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD-BOOST): Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Authors: Norton Christine , Syred Jonathan , Kerry Sally , Artom Micol , Sweeney Louise , Hart Ailsa , Czuber-Dochan Wladyslawa , Taylor Stephanie JC , Mihaylova Borislava , Roukas Chris , Aziz Qasim , Miller Laura , Pollok Richard , Saxena Sonia , Terry Helen , Stagg Imogen , Zenasni Zohra , Dibley Lesley , Moss-Morris Rona
Published: June 2021

BackgroundDespite being in clinical remission, many people with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) live with fatigue, chronic abdominal pain and bowel urgency or incontinence that limit their quality of life. We aim to test the effectiveness of an online self-management programme (BOOST), developed using cognitive behavioural principles and a theoretically informed logic model, and delivered with facilitator support. Primary research questionIn people with IBD who report symptoms of fatigue, pain or urgency and express a desire for intervention, does a facilitator-supported tailored (to patient needs) online self-management programme for fatigue, pain and faecal urgency/incontinence improve IBD-related quality of life (measured using the UK-IBDQ) and global rating of symptom relief (0-10 scale) compared with care as usual?MethodsA pragmatic two-arm, parallel group Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT), of a 12-session facilitator-supported online cognitive-behavioural self-management programme versus care as usual to manage symptoms of fatigue, pain, and faecal urgency/incontinence in IBD. Patients will be recruited through a previous large-scale survey of unselected people with inflammatory bowel disease. The UK Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire and global rating of symptom relief at 6 months are the co-primary outcomes, with multiple secondary outcomes measured also at 6 and 12 months post randomisation to assess maintenance. The RCT has an embedded pilot study, health economics evaluation and process evaluation. We will randomise 680 patients, 340 in each group. Demographic characteristics and outcome measures will be presented for both study groups at baseline. The UK-IBDQ and global rating of symptom relief at 6 and 12 months post randomisation will be compared between the study groups. DiscussionThe BOOST online self-management programme for people with IBD-related symptoms of fatigue, pain and urgency has been designed to be easily scalable and implemented. If it is shown to improve patients’ quality of life, this trial will enable clinicians and patients to make informed management decisions. This is the first trial, to our knowledge, focused on multiple symptoms prioritised by both people with IBD and health professionals. Trial registration﻿registered at ISRCTN, ID: ISRCTN71618461. Registered 09/09/2019. Available at: http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN71618461Protocol version 3: 28.04.2020
Impact of phytopathogens on seed quality of tropical grasses in integrated systems
Authors: Avelino Anne Caroline Dallabrida , Faria Dayana Aparecida de , Peixoto Wender Mateus , Camili Elisangela Clarete , Azevedo Virgínia Helena de , Neto Arthur Behling , Arantes Cárita Rodrigues de Aquino , Arieira Giovani Oliveira de , Abreu Joadil Gonçalves de
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to identify the main fungal and phytonematode genotypes associated with the main tropical forage seeds used in integrated systems and to distinguish seeds with high physiological and sanitary quality, for which two experiments were conducted. In year 1 (2017/18 crop year), the first experiment (experiment 1) was conducted with seeds produced in the 2017/18 crop year, in a randomized open design with four configurations and four replications. In year 2 (2018/19 crop year), the study (experiment 2) was replicated with the experimental conditions of the first experiment (randomized automatic design, with four sessions and four replications), but using samples from the 2018/19 crop year. The seeds were produced in the 2017/18 and 2018/19 crop years, with the same origin, and were purchased within commercial packages. The treatments of experiments 1 and 2 were the same and consisted of seeds of Brachiaria ruziziensis and the Brachiaria brizantha cultivars Marandu, Xaraés, and BRS Piatã. The same variables were evaluated for each experiment: water content, physical purity, viability, germination rate index, first germination count, germination percentage, crop value, dormancy, accelerated aging, and incidence of fungi and phytonematodes. Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Meloidogyne sp., Filenchus sp., Aphelenchus sp., Aphelencoides sp., and Rotylenchulus sp. are the main phytopathogens associated with seeds of the main tropical forage species used in integrated systems. The seeds of B. ruziziensis present high physiological quality, whereas the seeds of the B. brizantha cultivar Xaraés grass present high sanitary quality
Selection of high-performance black-eyed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) through GYT biplot analysis: a new methodology based on multiple characteristics
Authors: Araújo Kleberson Cordeiro , Oliveira Tâmara Rebecca Albuquerque de , Gravina Geraldo de Amaral , Rocha Maurisrael de Moura , Neto Francisco de Alcântara , Oliveira Gustavo Hugo Ferreira de , Cruz Derivaldo Pureza da , Sant’Anna Camila Queiroz da Silva Sanfim de , Gravina Lilia Marques , Rocha Richardson Sales , Pereira Israel Martins
Published: June 2021

Cowpea bean is a common crop quite appreciated in Brazil. However, it is known that its low yield depending on soil and climatic conditions. The aim of this research is the selection of high-performance black-eyed cowpea through GYT biplot analysis. Twelve (12) cowpea bean strains were assessed between 2016 and. The study followed a randomized complete block design, with four repetitions; two commercial cultivars were used ascheck. The following variables were assessed: number of days required for flowering, final stand, value for cultivation, pod yield, pod length, mean number of grains per pod and grain weight. The analysis of variance showed genetic variability between strains, differences between the assessed years and different strain-performance in each growing year. Based on the GYT biplot graph, cultivar BRS Itaim, and strains L9 and L7 recorded the best performance for the set of yield characteristics. Variable ‘pod length’ had positive correlation to bedding, number of days required for flowering and number of grains per pod. Variable ‘100-grain weight’ had positive correlation to final stand, pod yield and mean grain weight per pod. Strains L9, L7 and cultivar BRS Itaim recorded the best yield regarding the assessed variables
Contribution of nitrogen on industrial quality of oat grain components and the dynamics of relations with yield
Authors: Mantai Rubia Diana , Silva José Antonio Gonzalez da , Carvalho Ivan Ricardo , Lautenchleger Francine , Carbonera Roberto , Rasia Luiz Antônio , Kraisig Adriana Roselia , Pansera Vanessa , Alessi Odenis , Rosa Juliana Aozane da , Warmbier Eduarda , Basso Natiane Carolina Ferrari , Matter Ester Mafalda
Published: June 2021

Understanding the magnitude of contribution and relationships of industrial quality components to yield by nitrogen stimulation can drive strategies with benefits to the food industry. The objective of this study is to measure and interpret the contribution and relationship dynamics of the components of oat industrial quality with grain and industry yield by nitrogen stimulation, partitioning the correlation values in direct and indirect effects by path diagnosis, in proposing strategies that promote benefits to the food industry. The study was conducted from 2011 to 2016, in a randomized block design with four replications in 4x2 factorial for nitrogen rates (0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1) and oat cultivars (Barbarasul and Brisasul) in separate environments soybean/oat and corn/oat succession system. The increase of nitrogen promoted greater change in the mass of caryopsis in soybean/oat system and the thousand grain mass and number of grains greater than 2 mm in corn/oat system, with a tendency of reduction. In soybean/oat system, grain and industry yields can be simultaneously incremented by direct increase via one thousand grain mass and indirect increase by caryopsis mass. In corn/oat system the grain yield does not show any relationship with industrial quality variables. However, the industral productivity is benefited by the increase of the number of grains larger than 2 mm. The management proposition in the improvement of the grain and industry productivity characteristics by nitrogen is dependent on the high succession and reduced N-residual release systems
Morphophysiology of Jatropha curcas L. plants under different water regimes
Authors: Campos Thiago Souza , Sousa Westefann dos Santos , Silva Alan Abadio da , Júnior Valdivino Domingos de Oliveira , Júnior Walter Pires , Jesus Thaís Fernandes de , Borges Larissa Pacheco , Matos Fábio Santos
Published: June 2021

The effect of different water regimes on Jatropha curcas seedling growth was investigated. The study was carried out in a greenhouse covered with transparent plastic. Seeds were sown in five-liter recipients containing substrate consisting of 3:1:0.5 soil, sand and manure, respectively. A completely randomized plot design was used with seven treatments and five replications. The plants were irrigated with 100% substrate retention capacity until 30 days of age when they were submitted to water volumes of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125%, 150% and 175% substrate retention capacity for 30 days. The short duration of the research explains the slight decreases in the RMR and TRA but they were sufficient to support the assertion that excess water may have inhibited aquaporin activity and partially reduced soil solution absorption and TRA. Thus, both water deficit and excess water inhibited the growth of J. curcas plants, however, the water deficit inhibited more strongly the development of the species at the initial stages of the restriction, while excess water only caused damage after a longer period of exposure. The assessments were made when the plants were 60 days old. The J. curcas plants showed an isohydric mechanism of stomatal control and maintained turgidity under water shortage, and, under excess water, the alterations in the root system and relative water content preceded reduction in stomatal conductance. The initial growth of J. curcas plants was shown to be sensitive to water shortage and but not very vulnerable to water excess
Effects of wood ash and soil water potential on vegetative development of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Dourado Luana Glaup Araujo , Silva Edna Maria Bonfim- , Silva Tonny José Araújo da , Pinheiro Everton Alves Rodrigues , Fenner William
Published: June 2021

This research aimed to evaluate the amending potential of eucalyptus’s wood ash on soil chemical properties and soil-water potential. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Mato Grosso, campus in Rondonópolis. The experimental design was composed of randomized blocks in a 5x5 factorial scheme, including five soil-water potentials (‒4, ‒8, ‒16, ‒32 and ‒64 kPa), and five wood ash doses (0; 8; 16; 24 and 32 g dm-3). The soil samples were collected from the top layer of an Oxisol under natural Cerrado vegetation. Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) growth variables (plant height, numbers of leaves, stem diameter, and SPAD index) were analyzed at three different phenological periods. In general, the wood ash doses increased soil pH, eliminated the exchangeable aluminum, and improved soil essential nutrients availability. As a result, mung bean plants responded positively to wood ash, achieving superior results at doses ranging from 24 to 26 g dm-3. The interaction between wood ash doses and soil water potential was not significant. However, drier soil conditions constrained plant growth severely. According to our experimental conditions, plant growth variables achieved higher performance at soil water potential of -4 kPa
Cultivation of ruziziensis grass (Urochloa ruziziensis) using swine liquid manure fertilization
Authors: Silva Marinho Rocho da , Abreu Joadil Gonçalves , Weber Oscarlina Lucia dos Santos , Barros Livia Vieira de , Silva Edna Maria Bonfim- , Damasceno Ana Paula Alves Barreto , Oliveira Wlly Cristiny Mendes de
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of liquid swine manure (LSM) as fertilization in the implantation of Urochloa ruziziensis. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five treatments and four replications, with the treatments being four doses of LSM (0; 100; 200 and 300 m3 ha-1) and one dose of mineral fertilization. Seven cuts were carried out uniformly, after which plant height (PH), total dry mass yield (TDMY), crude protein content (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), macromineral extraction (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and microminerals (Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu) of plants were evaluated every 30 days. Mineral fertilization provided higher PH, CP content and extraction of N and S, but lower NDF content. For ADF variable, there was no difference between treatments. The results of dry mass yield (DMY) and extractions of P, K, Ca and Mn showed that the effect of 300 m3 ha-1 LSM was statistically equal to mineral fertilization. For extractions of Mg, Fe, Zn and Cu doses of 200 and 300 m3 ha-1 did not differ statistically from mineral fertilization. Among the doses of LSM, there was increasing linear effect, with increases in the variables DMY (30.89%), PH (14.94%), CP (17%), N (53.01%), P (40.79%), K (27.84%), Ca (35.17%), Mg (29.6%), S (47.13%), Fe (31.2%), Zn (31.6%) and Mn (23.04%). For Cu extraction, there was a quadratic effect with the highest extraction in the dose of 26.36 m3, obtaining an increase of 19.94% in relation to treatment without application. It is important to study different LSM dosages to avoid risk of heavy metal toxicity. The LSM is an alternative in place of mineral fertilization for Urochloa ruziziensis grass.
Preharvest spray application of methyl jasmonate promotes fruit colour and regulates quality in M7 Navel orange grown in a Mediterranean climate
Authors: Rehman Muneer , Singh Zora , Khurshid Tahir , Malekipoor Rahil , Tokala Vijay Yadav
Published: June 2021

Poor rind colour in cv. M7 Navel (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) at harvest time severely affects the profits of the growers in Western Australia. The effects of the preharvest spray application of different concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mM) of methyl jasmonate (MJ) on the rind colour development and fruit quality of M7 Navel were investigated at 6 or 3 weeks before anticipated harvest (WBAH) during 2015 and 2016. The preharvest spray application of MJ (5.0 or 7.5 mM) resulted in enhanced rind colour, reduced hue angle (ho) angle (55.7, 54.3) as well as increased citrus colour index (CCI) (11.0, 12.0) and total carotenoid levels (35.3, 58.3 mg kg-1) of flavedo, respectively in M7 Navel, during 2015 and 2016. During 2015, comparatively higher levels of total carotenoid (40.4 mg kg-1) were recorded when MJ was applied at 3 WBAH as a single spray. However, the time of MJ application did not influence hue angle (h°) and CCI. In 2015, all the preharvest MJ treatments except (1.25 mM) exhibited reduced fruit firmness. Furthermore, soluble solids concentration (SSC) in the fruit juice was reduced after MJ treatment. All the MJ treatments showed reduced levels of total sugars and organic acids in the juice, during 2015. In conclusion, MJ (5.0 or 7.5 mM) reduced h° but increased the total carotenoids levels and CCI in the flavedo of M7 Navel orange, when applied as a preharvest spray at 3 WBAH
Decomposed babassu biomass residue enhances the initial development of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
Authors: Andrade Hosana Aguiar Freitas de , Matos Raissa Rachel Salustriano da Silva- , Machado Nitalo André Farias , Oliveira Analya Roberta Fernandes , Garreto Valdryckson Costa , Leite Marcos Renan Lima , Pontes Samuel Ferreira , Silva Alineaurea Florentino , Machado Francisca Gislene Albano- , Lopes Paulo Roberto Coelho
Published: June 2021

Cassava is a tuber of significant cultural and economic importance for family farming. However, cultivation in the northeastern region of Brazil is characterized by low productivity, resulting from cultivation in naturally marginal soil, which can cause food insecurity to farmers in the region. The objective was to evaluate the initial development of cassava using substrates derived from decomposed residue from babassu biomass, as a supplement to the soils with low natural fertility. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in the municipality of Chapadinha, state of Maranhão, Brazil. The treatments consisted of six inclusion levels of babassu biomass (BB) in the substrates: S0, 100% soil; S20, 20% BB + 80% soil; S40, 40% BB + 60% soil; S60, 60% BB + 40% soil; S80, 80% BB + 20% soil; and S100, 100% BB. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, with four replications. The soil used in the experiment is classified as dystrophic Yellow Oxisol. At the end of the experiment, the following were evaluated: percentage of cuttings survival, leaf area, shoot length, shoot diameter, root length, root volume, aerial part dry mass and root dry mass. With the exception of the sprout diameter, the inclusion of BB in the substrates provided a significant positive effect for all analyzed variables, which demonstrates the early response capacity of cassava seedlings to the use of organic waste associated with the soil low fertility. The use of babassu biomass as an organic fertilizer improves soil fertility, stimulating the growth and development of cassava seedlings in a sustainable production system
Development of an efficient regeneration system for mature bombarded calli of Moroccan durum wheat varieties
Authors: Chaimae Senhaji , Khadija Ahansal , Rabha Abdelwahed , Ghizlane Diria , Fatima Gaboun , Mahabala Udupa Sripada , Allal Douira , Driss Iraqi
Published: June 2021

This study examined the effects of various environmental and genetic factors on callus induction and plant regeneration of bombarded calli from mature embryos of durum wheat using the biolistic method. In this study, three Moroccan durum wheat varieties ('Isly', 'Amria', 'Marouane') were cultivated on two induction media (IM1 and IM2) with different nitrogen sources and contents. After that, each variety cultured on both induction media was transferred in to two regeneration media (RM1 and RM2) with different phytohormones, whereas each variety distributed through four combinations of treatments: IM1RM1, IM1RM2, IM2RM1, and IM2RM2. A completely randomized design with five replications per treatment for each genotype was used. Parameters considered in this study were phytohormones, nitrogen source and its content, plant variety, and their interactions. The study found that variety, medium and variety × medium interactions have a statistically significant effect on callus induction and plantlets regeneration. Prior to bombardment, the maximum percentage of callus induction was obtained under IM1. Conversely, the callus survival rate was not affected by the induction media once bombarded for all three varieties. The induction media had a significant effect on all regeneration parameters (p < 0.01). The variety ‘Isly’ showed the best regeneration efficiency after bombardment, with nearly 80% of plantlets regenerated under IM1 and RM2 combination. These media can be used for genetic transformation of durum wheat
Selection of F3 populations of Capsicum annuum for greenhouse production
Authors: García Laura Raquel Luna , Torres Valentín Robledo , Godina Francisca Ramírez , Villarreal Rosalinda Mendoza , Rodríguez Miguel Ángel Pérez
Published: June 2021

Capsicum annuum is one of the most important plant species in the world. México has the greatest diversity for this plant. However, its production is limited due to the scarcity of improved varieties for greenhouse production. Therefore, the development of high-yield varieties would be possible through the genetic recombination of native varieties (Creole populations) and superior cultivars. Therefore, the purpose of this research work was to assess and select outstanding F3 populations for greenhouse production. The work was carried out in a greenhouse at Saltillo, Coahuila Mexico in 2018, involving 8 parents, in which 3 varieties were used as female (pollen-receptor plants), 5 varieties as males (pollen-donor plants) and 9 F3 populations derived by selfing from 9 F2 populations. The parents and F3 populations composed 17 treatments that were established in a greenhouse under a randomized block design with three replications.
The variables were total fruit yield, average fruit weight, total number of fruits per plant, ascorbic acid content, total capsicinoids, days to flowering, days to harvest, final plant height, and basal stem diameter. Significant differences were found in all variables of F3 populations. The highest RTF (total fruit weight) belonged to P1,4 and P1,6, with1647.0 and 1652.0 g/plant, respectively. In terms of CAA (ascorbic acid content), population P2,4, was significantly superior to the rest of the genotypes and exceeded the best parent by 19.8%. We concluded that populations P1,4, P1,6 and P2,4 may be uased to develop cultivars with high yield and high quality for greenhouse production
Comparative Study of Development and Performance Evaluation Sharia Microfinance Institutions in Indonesia
Authors: Vanni Kartika Marella , Wijayanti Riska
Published: June 2021

Purpose - This paper aims to determine the role of Islamic Microfinance Institutions (LKMS) in Indonesia and to make comparisons between theory and practice in the field.Method - The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach in which data collection is taken from a study of various literature and then compared with previous studies related to the discussion.Result - Sharia Microfinance Institutions theoretically play a role to help improve the national economy and alleviate community poverty by embracing the lower class and all remote areas. Meanwhile, empirically, Islamic Microfinance Institutions have tried to carry out their operational activities in accordance with the provisions and principles of Sharia, but there are still internal and external constraints.Implication - This study examines Islamic Microfinance Institutions in Indonesia.Originality - There are differences between theory and practice in Islamic Microfinance Institutions in Indonesia.
Effect of FDR, NPF and Inflation on the Profitability of Bank BNI Syariah
Authors: Nuzula Zia Firdaus
Published: June 2021

Purpose - This study aims to determine the effect of the amount of financing, financing problems and inflation on the profitability of Bank BNI Syariah. In addition, it is also to determine what variables have the most influence on the level of profitability.Method - This study uses secondary data from time series (time series). The research data is sourced from Bank BNI Syariah and BPS from the first quarter of 2011 to the first quarter of 2020. The data analysis method uses the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) with the Eviews 10 software toolResult - The results showed that the amount of financing has a positive relationship with the profitability of Bank BNI Syariah. Non-performing financing and inflation have a negative relationship with the profitability of Bank BNI Syariah. Meanwhile, based on the variance decomposition, problematic financing is the variable that provides the largest contribution to the profitability of Bank BNI Syariah.Implication - The ratio of non-performing financing should be suppressed as much as possible so as not to reduce profitability.Originality- This study uses the VECM method to determine the factors that affect the profitability of Islamic banks.
Konstantin Andreevich Popov and the Last Provocation of the Omsk Gendarmes (January 1917)
Authors:   Historical archive of Omsk region, Stelmak M. M.
Published: June 2021

This article analyzes Ivan Dmitrievich Krasilnikov’s letter to the Social Democrat Konstantin Andreevich Popov (1876–1949) in Omsk on the eve of revolutionary events in 1917. In this letter, Krasilnikov offered assistance and cooperation due to his unwillingness to serve his leadership. As an act of goodwill, Krasilnikov reported that the Social Democrat P. F. Mikhailov was a secret employee of the state and supplied the gendarmerie with valuable information. Subsequent revolutionary events showed that the information about P. F. Mikhailov and Krasilnikov’s intentions did not correspond to reality. Using unpublished sources from the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region (which contains documents from the Omsk Gendarme Office on the work of secret officers), this study identified and analyzed available historical sources, contents of the letter, conditions and reasons of its appearance, and goals and consequences of this action. This is the record keeping documentation of the. This work allows us to show a previously unknown episode of the life path of K. A. Popov and specifics of the specifics of the Omsk gendarme administration. This should be of interest to a wide range of readers; researchers in the history of the revolution and the Civil War in Russia, as well as specialists in the history of the domestic special services.
Burden of War: Soldiers and the Birth of Social Conflict in 1917
Authors:   St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tarasov K. A. ,   St. Petersburg State Electrotechnical University,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: June 2021

The article examines the distribution of burdens from Russia’s participation in the First World War. During this period, dissatisfaction with the balance between those who went to the front and those who remained in the rear could be expressed openly. By 1917, the human reserves of the Russian empire were practically exhausted. At the same time, a large part of the population enjoyed deferrals from serving in the army. After the revolution, servicemen, many of whom had already been on the front line and were wounded, were very active. They demanded that soldiers who served in rear units should go first with new reinforcements. This category included new recruits, soldiers of auxiliary troops, military clerks, officers, and all ranks who were involved in training in reserve battalions. By the summer of 1917, soldiers demanded the mobilization of former policemen, deserters, and everyone who legally or illegally used deferrals from military service. In the end, the slogan “The bourgeoisie to trenches!” was born spontaneously. This meant sending to the front all who profited from the war by remaining in the rear. The spread of this slogan speaks of the assimilation of the language of class antagonism by soldiers. It also became important to the escalation of civil war. The demands were directed to the state authorities whose silence led to soldiers’ desires to implement “mobilization” on their own.
Documents of the Moscow Central State Archive as a Source on the History of Party and Military Institutions of Soviet Russia During the Civil War
Authors:   Moscow Central State Archive, Voytikov S. S.
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the valuable corpus of sources of party and military institutions of Soviet Russia during the Civil War. During the Soviet period, documents of the (then) Moscow Party Archive were actively introduced into scholarly circulation, revealing mainly the activities of the Moscow Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) on communist mobilizations, and primarily regarding the Eastern front in 1918 and the Petrograd front in 1919. At the same time, a whole layer of materials from the archive’s collections remained mostly unclaimed. The Moscow Party Archive retains documents on the organization and activities of the Communist faction of the People’s Commissariat for Military Affairs, which together with the documents of Russian State Military Archive allow a comprehensive study of the process of “communization” of the military apparatus in 1917 and subsequent years. The specified sources, in particular, make it possible to answer the question about the reasons for the establishment in 1919 of the Red Army Political Department as a department of the Central Committee of the RCP(b). Reports of old Bolsheviks to the Moscow Committee of the RCP(b) and the Mossoviet of 1918 contain valuable information about the use of military specialists by the Bolshevik regime, the contribution to the Soviet military construction of the Left Socialist Revolutionaries, the liquidation of the rebellion of the Commander-in-Chief of the Eastern Front M. A. Murav’yov, the causes of loss of the nascent Red Army of Kazan, and other issues.
The American Red Cross Activity in Eastern Siberia during the Russian Civil War (1918–1920)
Authors:   Irkutsk State University,, Shalamov V. A.
Published: June 2021

In mid-1918, the Siberian Commission of the American Red Cross was formed, headed by an American missionary doctor who worked in Japan, Rudolf Teusler. After Admiral Kolchak came to power, the Siberian Commission concluded an agreement to expand the scope of its activities, supply volumes, and payments. The main focus was on the front, which made the Red Cross akin to a White Army supply service, which was contrary to the principles of this organization. Americans drew attention to Eastern Siberia only in the summer of 1919, when Kolchak’s army retreated, and the incidence of typhus was rapidly growing in the rear regions. Two hospitals operated by the staff of the American Red Cross were opened in Irkutsk and Verkhneudinsk; gifts were distributed periodically in the form of first-aid items. At the end of 1919, in connection with the approach of the front line to Eastern Siberia, the Americans left the region, transferring medical facilities and supplies of medicines to local authorities. In early 1920, the Siberian Commission was given the opportunity to establish contacts with the Bolshevik authorities, which controlled territories west of Lake Baikal. Members of the commission began to prepare for a new humanitarian mission that would allow for the settlement of Soviet-American relations, return to the original tasks of the Red Cross, and help thousands of needy Siberians and refugees. However, the headquarters of the American Red Cross refused to authorize this activity and by mid-1920 evacuated the remaining personnel and cargo.
Activity of Political Departments on Railway Transport in Far East of the USSR (1933– 1941)
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Isaev A. A.
Published: June 2021

An active and comprehensive study of all aspects of the political and ideological impact of the power structures on the population of the country has received a new impetus only in the last few decades. One of the means of this influence was political departments established in some of the most important economic sectors, including rail transport. At the same time, in contrast to the study of the activities of political departments in rural areas that received due development in the historical literature, railway political departments received little attention. Thus, the purpose of the article is to use archival documents and materials to analyze activities of political departments in the railway transport of the far Eastern region of the Soviet Union in the prewar period. The creation of political departments was a continuation of the party line on the formation and implementation of certain political and ideological levers of influence and control in the socio-economic sphere, including transport. As one of the most important components of the program of ideological reorganization of the Soviet society in the course of socialist reforms, they had to introduce certain ideological and political principles into the public consciousness and thereby stimulate the development of labor qualities in the population of the country. With their help, according to the authorities, in the shortest time could be eliminated many shortcomings in the organization of transport at all levels and achieved high productivity.
Yaroslavl Regional Elite Bureaucratic Practices in Working with Citizens’ Letters in the USSR of the 1960s
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Agricultural Academy, Kishchenkov M. S. , Nikiforov Yu. S. ,   Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushinsky, Tumakov D. V. ,   Yaroslavl State Medical University
Published: June 2021

This article examines processes that took place in regional centers in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Issues of interaction between the regional party apparatus and ordinary citizens became particularly acute by the end of the Khrushchev era. This study is connected with the analysis of the problem of bureaucratic practices of the Yaroslavl regional elite in working with citizens’ letters in the USSR in the 1960s. We perform an analysis of a diverse source base: official regulatory documents, archival materials, sources of personal origin, including memoirs and interviews through a prism oral history. The context of the study is presented by the analysis of official documents revealing problems of the regional elite of the late socialist era: registry, forgery in state reporting, careerism. Consideration of various complaints took a serious place in the work of the regional bureaucracy. Critical letters in the absence of sociological institutions allowed the authorities to present the real moods and demands of the population. Complaints allowed us to identify the negative aspects of reality and respond to them. The materials contained in the letters were checked, and not always the facts they contained were confirmed. The regional nomenclature sought to protect its interests and not to give a reason for the center to perceive critical letters in its address as objective.
Ethnic Discrimination in the Formation of State Bodies of the USSR
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Mironov B. N.
Published: June 2021

The level of ethnopolitical inequality is estimated as the ratio of the share of an ethnic group employed in public authorities to the share of this ethnic group among the entire employed population. This indicator can be called the coefficient of ethnopolitical representativeness. In Imperial Russia, almost all major non-Russian ethnic groups had representatives in power structures, although in most cases this was unrepresentative; the number of nominees from an ethnic group did not correspond to its population size. During the entire Soviet period, 1917–1990, there was a steady and systematic decrease in the inequality of ethnic groups in power structures. In 1989, discrimination in the authorities as a whole practically disappeared. The advantages of Russians in forming the Soviet government were minimized; their percentage in government corresponded to their share in the population. In some areas of government, ethnic inequality was leveled at different rates. In the state apparatus, equality in representation was already achieved in 1959. In the apparatus of party and public organizations, there was also a tendency to overcome discrimination, but in this area, by 1990, the percentage of non-Russians remained slightly lower than their share in the population. Minimization of ethnic inequality was a natural consequence, on the one hand, of the national policy of the country’s leadership, on the other — the desire of ethnic elites for equality in political rights.
Joan Neuberger’s This Thing of Darkness
Authors:   University of Chicago, Tsivian Yu.
Published: June 2021

The note is about the place of Joan Neuberger’s monograph among books on Eisenstein’s Ivan the Terrible, and, more broadly, among writings on period films, be they by film historians or by historians proper. The book is a triple portrayal — of Eisenstein, his Ivan, and, indirectly, of Stalin, whose favorite pastime was to use historical novels, plays, and films on Russia’s historic tyrants as one might a vanity mirror. The virtue of Neuberger’s approach is that, rather than judge or define, she successfully captures the ambiguity of each of her three protagonists. It is as much an analysis of the movie as an ambivalent mirror as it is of the person that holds it and of the one who expects to see in it a flattering reflection of himself — to no avail. Instead of assuming a bird’s eye point of view on the Soviet film-land, Neuberger nose-dove into it like a kid-loving pelican, picked one film and brought it to us in a big beak of a book. That is not to portray Joan Neuberger as a shape-shifter, a historian-turned-film-scholar. Yes, film scholars do write book-length studies on a single movie while political historians rarely do, but the choice of this specific format does not turn Neuberger into a film scholar. There is a lot of superb film scholarship to be found here, but the stunt that makes Neuberger’s scholarship unique is that, for all its film-scholarship lenses, it remains a historical study par excellence.
Decreasing water resources in Southeastern U.S. as observed by the GRACE satellites
Authors: Engström Johanna , Praskievicz Sarah , Bearden Bennett , Moradkhani Hamid
Published: June 2021

Changing water quantities and location can be estimated using the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites. By measuring differences in the Earth's gravity, the satellites provide monthly data on regional changes in the Earth's mass resulting from the movement of water. Studying the Southeast U.S., using the full record of the original GRACE satellites (2002–2016), a significant trend of declining water quantities appears in west-central Alabama, extending into eastern Mississippi. These findings confirm earlier research which indicates declining streamflow levels but develops this research further by estimating the amount lost as 11.6 km3. Considering the different terrestrial water storages by analyzing data from the National Climate Assessment – Land Data Assimilation System Noah 3.3 Version 2 (NCA-LDAS) indicates that the majority of this loss can be attributed to groundwater losses, a finding that is further confirmed by well records throughout the region.
Identification of Novel Drug Candidates for the Inhibition of Catalytic Cleavage Activity of Coronavirus 3CL-like Protease Enzyme
Authors: Gurung Arun Bahadur , Al-Anazi Khalid Mashay , Ali Mohammad Ajmal , Lee Joongku , Farah Mohammad Abul
Published: June 2021

Background:

There has been tremendous pressure on healthcare facilities globally due to the
recent emergence of novel coronavirus infection known as COVID-19 and its rapid spread across the
continents. The lack of effective therapeutics for the management of the pandemic calls for the discovery
of new drugs and vaccines.

Objective:

In the present study, a chemical library was screened for molecules against three coronavirus
3CL-like protease enzymes (SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro, SARS-CoV 3CLpro and MERS-CoV 3CLpro), which
are a key player in the viral replication cycle.

Methods:

Extensive computational methods such as virtual screening and molecular docking were employed
in this study.

Results:

Two lead molecules, ZINC08825480 (4-bromo-N'-(E)-[1-phenyl-3-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-
4-yl]methylidenebenzene-1-sulfonohydrazide) and ZINC72009942 (N-[[2-[[(3S)-3-methyl-1-piperidyl]
methyl]phenyl]methyl]-6-oxo-1-(p-tolyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazine-3-carboxamide), were identified
with better affinity with the three target enzymes as compared to the approved antiviral drugs. Both the
lead molecules possessed favorable drug-like properties, fit well into the active site pocket close to His-
Cys dyad and showed a good number of hydrogen bonds with the backbone as well as side chains of key
amino acid residues.

Conclusion:

Thus, the present study offers two novel chemical entities against coronavirus infections
which can be validated through various biological assays.
Utility of Certain 2-Furanone Derivatives for Synthesis of Different Heterocyclic Compounds and Testing their Anti-Cancer Activity
Authors: El-Hameed Rania Helmy Abd , El-Shanbaky Hend Medhat , Mohamed Mosaad Sayed
Published: June 2021

Background:

2-Furanones have attracted great attention due to their biological activities. They also have the ability to be converted to several biologically active heterocyclic and nonheterocyclic compounds, especially as anti-cancer agents.

Objectives:

This research aims to share in the development process of novel cytotoxic agents by synthesizing certain 2-furanone derivatives and using them as starting materials for the preparation of novel heterocyclic and non-heterocyclic compounds, then testing the synthesized derivatives for their anti-cancer activities.

Methods:

All the newly synthesized compounds were fully characterized by elemental analysis, IR, Mass, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. 18 synthesized compounds were selected by National Cancer Institute (NCI) for testing against 60 cell lines, and the active compound was tested as MAPK14 and VEGFR2-inhibitor using Staurosporine as standard.

Results:

Compound 3a showed the higher activity against several cell lines; Leukemia (SR), Non- Small Cell Lung Cancer (NCI-H460), colon cancer (HCT-116), ovarian cancer (OVCAR-4), renal cancer (786-0, ACHN and UO-31) and, finally breast cancer (T-47D). It also has better inhibition activity against MAPK14 than the used reference.

Conclusion:

Compound 3a has promising anti-cancer activities compared to the used standards and may need further modification and investigations.
Efficient Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 6-Trifluoroethoxy
Functionalized Pteridine Derivatives as EGFR Inhibitors
Authors: Lin Jin , Zhang Zemin , Lin Xiongqiang , Chen Zhendong , Luc Tian , Zha Daijun , Wang Jian , Xu Xiuzhi , Li Zhulai
Published: June 2021

Background:

Pteridine-based scaffolds have been widely prevalent in pharmaceuticals,
such as kinase inhibitors targeting EGFR, FLT3 and PI3K/mTOR which are attractive targets for the
anticancer therapy.

Objective:

This work aimed at designing and synthesizing 6-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy functionalized
pteridine-based derivatives for investigation of their anti-cancer activities as EGFR inhibitor.

Method:

Pteridine-based derivatives were synthesized in 6 steps involving amination, bromination,
cyclization, alkoxylation, chlorination and coupling reactions. Cellular anti-proliferative activities
and inhibition activities on EGFR signaling of these pteridine derivatives in vitro were determined by
the MTT assay and western blot analysis, respectively. Molecular docking simulation studies were
carried out by the crystallographic structure of the erlotinib/EGFR kinase domain [Protein Data Bank
(PDB) code: 1M17].

Results:

The compound 7m, with IC50 values of 27.40 μM on A549 cell line, exhibited comparable
anti-proliferative activity relative to the positive control. Besides, western blots showed its obvious
down-regulation of p-EGFR and p-ERK expression at 0.8 μM. The molecular docking model displayed
a hydrogen bond between Met-769 amide nitrogen and N-1 in pteridine motif of 7m which
lied at the ATP binding site of EGFR kinase domain.

Conclusion:

The inhibition of 7m on cellular growth was comparable to that of the positive control.
The inhibitory activities of 7m on EGFR phosphorylation and ERK phosphorylation in A549 cell line
were relatively superior to that of the positive control. Both results suggested that the antiproliferative
activity of 7m against A549 cell line was caused by inhibition of EGFR signaling pathway,
providing a new perspective for the modification of pteridine-based derivatives as EGFR inhibitor.
Ferulic Acid Dose Effect on Pharmacokinetics of Glimepiride and its Metabolite
Hydroxy Glimepiride in Rats
Authors: Xu Hui , Lin Yuxian , Sun Faxin , Liu Jinlai , Weng Qinghua , Jin Lijun , Chen Linguo , Huang Yiwei
Published: June 2021

Background:

To mitigate diabetes and its complications in cardiovascular diseases,
the antidiabetic agent Glimepiride (GLM) is usually administered with Ferulic Acid (FA) concomitantly
in clinical settings. However, both drugs are prone to be metabolized partly by
CYP2C9; thus, they have the potential drug-drug interaction affecting safety and efficacy.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the Pharmacokinetic (PK) effects of ferulic acid on
glimepiride and its metabolite hydroxy glimepiride (OH-GLM) in plasma by using the HPLCMS/
MS method.

Methods:

Healthy male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups and
received intragastric administration of 0.5% sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC), low-dose
of FA (20 mg•kg-1 ), and high-dose of FA (40 mg•kg-1) for 8 days, respectively. Rats were given
0.5% sodium CMC or FA on the last day and then uniformly given 1.0 mg•kg-1 glimepiride by
gavage. Blood samples were obtained from retro-orbital plexus at the time points of 0.167, 0.5, 1,
2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 h after administration. Plasma samples were analyzed for GLM and its
metabolite OH-GLM on an HPLC-MS/MS system.

Results:

No statistically significant difference was found in the effect of low-dose of FA on the
pharmacokinetics of GLM. However, high-dose of FA significantly decreased Cmax of GLM by
30.05% and CLz/F of OH-GLM by 47.45% and increased Tmax and t1/2z of GLM by 95.87% and
140.00%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Low-dose of FA did not alter GLM metabolism, while high-dose treatment of FA
apparently caused pharmacokinetics interaction with GLM in rats.
Psychologically supportive healing environment for sustainability in healthcare facilities: A case study
Authors:   Faculty of Architecture, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus, Tülbentçi Tuğşad , Arcan Enis Faik ,   Faculty of Architecture, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
Published: June 2021

The design and construction of healthcare facilities are some of the significant foundations for the survival and healthy living of a happy society. In terms of the sustainable quality aspect in healthcare facilities, the structural safety and functional efficiency were primarily analyzed. In the further development, it turned into the healing healthcare centers together with the inclusion of aesthetic and cultural values as well as psychological and physical needs of individuals. With such developments, the concept of psychosocially supporting design has come into prominence through improving as a connection to nature, social support enhancement, stimulating design features, complexity, and coherence factors. Our article analyses the subject based on the indoor space planning elements for user’s psychological positive experience upon defining the factors with their spatial characteristics in consideration with the study regarding a conceptual model of the supportive healing environment. A hospital project, which is in the pre-design phase and still under development in the Near East University, was analyzed as the case study under this study.