bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural growth and development stimulants of Lucerne plants
Authors: Bekuzarova S A , Farniev A T , Kozyrev A Kh , Kokoev H P , Lushchenko G V , Gishkaeva L S , Sabanova A A , Kozyreva M Yu
Published: January 2021

Natural sources of local origin are given: zeolite-containing clays, Karmadon mineral water containing boron, bacterial fertilizers prepared on the basis of nodule bacteria of old-growth lucerne plants. Processing a mixture of these sources of raw materials increases productivity and quality of the studied varieties of lucerne. It is experimentally proved that the germination of hard-shelled seeds increases, as well as the feed and seed productivity of the plants. This increases the nitrogen-fixing ability of cultivated crops. Before exposure to stimulants, seeds were scarified, due to which germination increased by 20 percent or more. The biological yield of seeds increased from 17.5 to 29.8 g/m2, and the number of nodule bacteria on the root system of one plant increased from 130 to 194 pieces. The yield of green fodder increased in the control group from 17.2 to 23.4 t/ha in the optimal variant was also noted.
Resistance of carrots to Alternaria SP., Fusarium SP. and factors influencing it
Authors: Leunov V I , Sokolova L M , Beloshapkina O O , Khovrin A N
Published: January 2021

The results of many years of work (2008–2018) in the Moscow region on the identification of genetic sources of resistance in wild species and varieties of the genus Daucus on natural and artificial infectious backgrounds to alternariosis and fusarium wilting are presented. When testing the breeding material for leaf and root diseases after storage, the most valuable breeding samples of sowing carrots were identified: Losinoostrovskaya 13, Marlinka, NIIOKH-336, Fakel, Moscow Winter A-75. Using the example of the medium susceptible variety of carrots Red cored and susceptible Nigel, a high correlation between precipitation, high soil moisture, and the development of Alternaria sp. and Fusarium sp. on different backgrounds. The prevalence of carrot diseases in the south of Russia in the Rostov region was less than in the central part of the RF NPP; in a wetter 2018 compared to 2017, the variety samples in both zones were more stable, except for individual hybrids.
Symbiotic activity of leguminous crops depending on the variety and growing conditions
Authors: Tedeeva V V , Tedeeva A A , Abaev A A , Mamiev D M , Khokhoeva N T , Kelekhsashvili L M
Published: January 2021

The article considers the symbiotic activity of chickpeas and soybean crops depending on the action of various herbicides and fertilizers. In the field conditions of the forest-steppe zone of North Ossetia-Alania, the effect of mineral fertilizers on the symbiotic activity of promising varieties of chickpeas was studied and it was established that mineral fertilizers had a significant effect on the formation of the symbiotic chickpeas apparatus. Mineral fertilizers contributed to the increase in the average mass of nodules and their number. According to the mass of active nodules formed by Vilana soybean plants, increasing the dose of complex fertilizer Nagro to 0.5 l/ha is justified, since the mass of nodules on one plant in this variant increased in development phases. All options with the introduction of bio fertilizer Nagro for soybean crops were characterized by a significant increase in the mass of nodules in comparison with the control variant. Control variants formed more inactive nodules on the lateral roots, which were also characterized by smaller sizes.
Application of modern technologies in identifying distinctive features in the subpopulation of Novoaltaiskaya horses
Authors: Blohina N V , Khrabrova L A , Gavrilicheva I S
Published: January 2021

Novoaltaiskaya meat horse breed was developed in the end of the XX century by crossing heavy draft sires of different breeds with native and crossbred Altai mares. The aim of the study was to evaluate the differences in two geographically separated subpopulations of horses of Novoaltaiskaya breed and their relationship with the Altaiskaya horse using 17 panel microsatellite loci (VHL20, HTG4, AHT4, HMS7, HTG6, AHT5, HMS6, ASB23, ASB2, HTG10, HTG7, HMS3, HMS2, ASB17, LEX3, HMS1 and CA425). The horses of Novoaltaiskaya breed demonstrated a high level of variability of all 17 STR loci with calculated 148 alleles in total. In the genetic structure of Novoaltaiskaya horse breed we identified the rare alleles VHL20S, ASB23V, ASB2T, HMS1Q, HMS2S, HMS3S and CA425K that are typical of native horse breeds of our country. A comparative analysis of the four groups according to the main genetic and population characteristics showed that the horses of the «Merkit» subpopulation (Altai Republic) are leading in all parameters of genetic diversity, including the maximum level of polymorphism (Ae=4.959), the level of observed heterozygosity Ho (0.776), and the expected heterozygosity of He (0.758). That ensured a negative Fis value. The coefficient of genetic similarity between two subpopulations of Novoaltaiskaya horses was 0,935. Thus, the use of genetic biotechnology allowed us to identify rare and frequently occurring alleles in the subpopulation of Novoaltaiskaya horses.
Intelligent methods for assessing the productivity of dairy cattle based on a comprehensive study of elemental status
Authors: Bolodurina I P , Akimov S S
Published: January 2021

This article is devoted to the study of the problem of increasing productivity in the field of dairy cattle breeding. Literature analysis showed that in practice, productivity is rarely studied as a complex characteristic of the state of animal husbandry. For mutual coordination of the complex of different format data, it is proposed to consider the entire process of animal life as an exchange of substances consisting of elements. In this case, all changes in the balance of the living system of dairy production can be assessed through the entry and disposal of elements, which is reflected in the elemental status of animals. Using this approach allowed us to formulate an algorithm for the productivity of dairy cattle breeding, which includes all stages of assessing elemental status, collecting data on the feed base and groups of animals, correlating the data and calculating corrective norms for feed additives. Further application of the generated algorithm made it possible to develop a decision support system in the field of dairy cattle breeding, which also includes all the basic elements of assessing and adjusting the feed base, through the assessment of elemental status.
Influence of growth hormone gene polymorphism on the productive qualities and the level of toxic elements in the hair of Kalmyk breed calves
Authors: Miroshnikov S A , Kharlamov A V , Frolov A N , Zavyalov O A
Published: January 2021

The studies were performed on a model of calves of the Kalmyk breed (n = 100) from birth to 14 months of age. The effect of growth hormone polymorphism (rs135322669) on productive qualities, body parameters, and toxic load level is estimated. Blood samples were taken to detect gene polymorphism. DNA samples were isolated from whole blood using a DNA-Extran-1 reagent kit. Primers were developed based on published bGH sequences (Gen Bank Accession NOS. M57764) using Primer3 software. Real-time PCR was performed on an ANK-32 programmable amplifier. The frequency of occurrence of polymorphism in the calves was revealed: 62 % with the CC genotype, 26 % with CG and 12 % with GG. The study of the growth rate of the studied animals from birth to 14 months of age was carried out on the basis of individual monthly weighing. The development was studied on the basis of taking measurements: height at the withers, height at the sacrum, width of the chest, depth of the chest, length of the body, width at the sacrum at 14 months of age. The superiority of calves with CC genotype in live weight starting from 6 months of age over peers with genotypes CG and GG was established. At the age of 6 months it was 5.0–7.0 %, and at 14 months of age 5.0–9.0 %. Calves with the GG genotype were inferior to peers with the CC genotype in height at the withers by 2.3 %, by 2.0 % in the sacrum, by 4.7 % in the chest width, by 5.3 % in the width at the sacrum, by 3.1 % in the chest depth and were inferior to the calves with genotype CG by the width of the chest by 2.3 %. The determination of toxic elements: Al, Cd, Pb, Sn, Hg, Sr, was carried out by atomic emission and mass spectrometry (AES-ICP and MS-ICP). Calves with the SS genotype accumulated less toxic substances in the hair from the withers, so their ∑tox was 52.4-63.1 % lower as compared to their peers with the CG and GG genotypes. This is also confirmed by the correlation analysis, which revealed a reliable relationship between gene polymorphism and ∑tox in wool at the level of r = 0.92.
Lipid spectrum of blood when vegetable fats are introduced into the diet of calves
Authors: Grechkina B V , Miroshnikov S A , Lebedev S V
Published: January 2021

The study of metabolic effects of lipophilic vegetable products: sunflower (I group, n=3), palm (II group, n=3) and linseed oil (III group, n=3) were carried out on calves at the age of 9 months (n=3) with a body weight of 215–220 kg. The introduction of sunflower and palm oil was expressed by the increase in high density lipoproteins HS-HDL and OHs. According to HS-HDL/HS-LDL accumulation ratio, the test fats were arranged in the groups as follows: II (1.82)>III (1.78)>I (1.74)>control (0.77) conv. units. The effect of vegetable fats on the blood serum of experimental animals according to OHs/Hs-HDL index was as follows: III (0.34)<I (0.36)<I (0.38)<control (0.46). Thus, the introduction of oils reduces LDL and the atherogenic index in blood serum with a significant increase in HDL. This can serve the basis for the use of vegetable oils as promising natural hepatoprotectors in feeding animals, and at the stage of growing it will help to monitor the level of lipids in the body of calves and to calculate them in diet formulation.
Productive characteristics of beef cattle of various ecogenetic groups
Authors: Jaimysheva S S , Kosilov V I , Miroshnikov S A
Published: January 2021

The paper presents the study of peculiarities of the muscle development of the carcasses of Simmental, Kazakh Whiteheaded heifers and their cross breeds of the I generation. The control slaughter of 3 heifers of different genotypes was carried out at 18 months of age: I – Simmental, II – Kazakh Whiteheaded, III – 1/2 Kazakh Whiteheaded x 1/2 Simmental. To evaluate the development of a set of muscles and individual muscles, left semi–carcasses were prepared along the anatomical regions. The paper presents the analysis of the set of muscles in relation with their joints and topographic location. The development of muscles is described in terms of the absolute weight of individual muscles and the muscle sets. The paper states the advantage of crossbred heifers over their herdmates in the development of spinal muscles by 6.30–33.07 %, the weight of shoulder muscles – by 5.96–11.29 %, the entire thoracic limb – by 5.97–5.65 %, the weight of muscles of the entire pelvic girdle – by 22.13–17.19 %.
Studying the microflora of broilers to assess the effectiveness of using new feed additives
Authors: Karimov I F , Kondrashova K S , Duskaev G K
Published: January 2021

The creation of new feed additives, compositions of original substances (vegetable or chemical origin) requires a modern assessment of their safety for the animal body and effective use in the production of agricultural products. In the experiment, the control group received a basic diet (BD); I experimental – BD with lived microorganisms based on bacterial strain Bacillus cereus in a dose of 4 ml/kg b.w./day; II experimental – BD + Bacillus cereus + vegetable substance (9 μg/kg b.w.//day); III experimental – BD + vegetable substance (9 μg/kg per day). The Bacillus cereus strain was found to reduce the number of antimicrobial agents resistant forms of bacteria, whereas the use of vegetable substance did not significantly change the overall picture. At the same time, it should be noted that there is a need for further studies to evaluate active substances of medicinal plant extracts and their synergistic effect, to create promising feed substances.
Technological approaches to the problem of double ovulation and twin pregnancies in mares
Authors: Lebedeva L F , Solodova E V
Published: January 2021

The aim of the work was to determine and justify the correct technological approach in cases of double ovulation and twin pregnancies in mares. The frequency of single and double ovulations (n=2207), the level of twin pregnancies and the results of manual reduction of excess embryo in mares were studied. The average level of double ovulations was 9.5 % per year, and it had no significant difference in mares of different breeds (Russian Trotter, French Trotter, Standardbred and others). The number of poliovulations in February-March (3.2–4.9 %) and August (5.1 %) was significantly (p <0.05) lower than it was in April-July (9.9–11.3 %). The number of multiple ovulations gradually decreased from young (4–8 yo) to old (>14 yo) mares (11.9 – 5.1 %) (p <0.05). The third part of all mares (35.8 %) with poliovulations repeated it during one season, and after 1–3 successive breeding seasons. The mating of mares with double ovulation resulted in 35.0 % of twin embryos and 28.1 % of single embryos. The success rate of manual reduction of the second embryo on days 12–14 was 85.3 %.
Technology of predicting the productivity of the animals
Authors: Markova I V , Kazakova T V , Marshinskaia O V , Matyushchenko N S , Tarasova E I
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate cows with the “loaded metabolism” phenomenon. This study was performed on cows of black-and-white breed with a live weight of 620.3 ± 15.3 kg, aged 4–6 years. For the study, depending on the concentration of manganese in the fur, animals were divided into three groups: I – up to the 25th percentile, II – within the 25–75th centile interval, III – above the 75th percentile, calculated separately for each micropopulation. Cows showed an increase in chemical elements in the wool, depending on the percentile range of manganese concentration in the wool. Thus, with a high content of manganese, an increased content of macronutrients – calcium, sodium, and magnesium – was also observed. The results of an elemental analysis of the wool of black-and-white cows showed that the group of animals with a “loaded metabolism” also contains a higher content of almost all the elements studied.
Comparative study of efficiency and safety of using of different zinc and copper sources in broiler chicken feeding for poultry meat production
Authors: Sizova E A , Belyatskaya Yu N , Miroshnikov S A
Published: January 2021

The paper presents the study on the environmental-biology assessment of different zinc and copper sources in broiler chicken diets. The first experiment included a comparative evaluation of copper sulfate and zinc sulfate, nanoparticles of these metal alloy (ZnCu NP), and Cu and Zn asparaginate. The second experiment implied that copper sulfate was replaced with CuI NP (d=55±15 nm); Cu II NP (d=103±2 nm); Cu asparaginate. In the third experiment, the ZnSO4×7H2O in the chicken diet was replaced with Zn NP, with Zn asparaginate. The first experiment revealed the greatest productive effect when using ZnCu NP. The replacement of Cu and Zn sulfates with ZnCu NP was accompanied by the increase in the copper pool in the body by 58.2 % compared to the control and by 39.3 % compared to the use of asparaginate. The differences in the amount of zinc pool in the chicken body made 17.3 and 51.9 %, respectively. In the second experiment, the greatest productive effect was found in the group receiving CuII NP, the efficacy was lower with the use of asparaginates, and the lowest with the feeding of copper and CuI NP sulfates. The highest bioavailability of copper was obtained from CuII NP agent. Upon the conclusion of the third experiment, the highest body weight was observed in the zinc asparaginate group. The value of the zinc pool in the poultry of this group exceeded the level of the control group by 9.5 and by 15.7 % when using Zn NP. The obtained result shows the possibility of using these forms in the industrial production of animal feed.
Photosynthesis productivity and architectonics of the Crystal grape variety canopy with different techniques of training and forming grape bushes
Authors: Guseynov Sh N , Mayborodin S V
Published: January 2021

For the successful cultivation of grapes, it is very important to correctly determine the appropriate techniques for the formation of bushes that match the biology of the variety and the conditions for growth. It is also important to select an appropriate supporting structure which is suitable for a chosen training technique. Various viticultural countries continuously conduct research to improve the ways of growing grapes. In this case, particular importance is given to cultivation technologies that involve grape varieties adapted to specific environmental conditions as well as economical ways for their growing that ensure the effective production of grapes with necessary technological and consumer conditions [1–6]. The architecture of the grape plant is interconnected with the techniques of training, formation, and pruning of grape bushes. These techniques determine the conditions of espaliering the leaf assimilation apparatus that uses solar energy to create the organic mass of plants. In this research, we use the Crystal grape variety to show the specific features of leaf apparatus formation and productivity of photosynthesis under the use of different agricultural techniques (methods of training, forming, and trimming as well as determining the norm of bush loading with shoots and harvest) in relation to the planting scheme of bushes. The work also studies the influence of these techniques on the productivity of industrial and intensive-type bushes under the conditions of the Lower Don region. We found that the use of recommended agricultural techniques allows developing: 1) a system of canes and leaves that is high in volume and well oriented within the row of a vineyard; 2) high productivity of photosynthesis; 3) optimal ratio between vegetative mass and harvest.
Results of studies of a potato digger with rod burning working bodies
Authors: Baybulatov T S , Aushevent M Kh , Khamkhoev B I , Tsechoeva A Kh
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of experimental studies of a potato digger with standard (control) and bar undermining working bodies (experience). A relationship has been established between the speed of the harvester and the loss (number of seedlings) of potato tubers for various harvesting options. The aggregate composition of the soil is justified when using the above potato digger. It was found that an increase in the speed of movement of the potato digger by 1 km/h leads to an increase in losses of potato tubers in the control variant by 2.7 pcs/m. In the experimental version, it leads to a decrease in losses of potato tubers by 2.0 pcs/m. Besides, in the control variant, an increase in the speed of movement from 1.8 to 3.4 km/h led to an increase in losses of potato tubers by an average of 4.7 pcs/m, when in the experimental variant the casualties were 4 pcs/m. However, with the pilot version, the speed increase was from 2.6 to 3.4 km/h, the losses decreased by an average of 1.0 pcs/m, with a parallel rise in potato digger productivity.
Information support for crop production automation in Russia and Belarus
Authors: Aletdinova A A , Lenski A V
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the study is to analyze the information support used in Russia and Belarus for crop automation. The authors have grouped software products by application areas: management of technical means; control and measurement of technological parameters of crop production; planning of crop production and support for making managerial decisions. In addition, a survey of Russian and Belarusian agricultural specialists was conducted, which identified the most popular programs: agro-calculators, mobile applications for navigation, nitrogen management, and support for the implementation of precision farming technologies. The Russian and Belarusian market of software for crop automation has just begun to develop and so it supports management decisions only at certain process stages. Insufficient attention is paid by developers to implementation of optimization models, in particular, to planning the operation of the machine and tractor fleet.
Potato nutrition management using manure fertilizer
Authors: Bobrenko I A , Kormin V P , Matveychik O A , Boldysheva E P
Published: January 2021

The studies developed agrochemical regulatory parameters for the use of organic fertilizer based on litterless chicken manure for managing potato nutrition on meadow-chernozem soil in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The place of research was the experimental field and the department of agrochemistry and soil science of the FSBEI HE Omsk State Agrarian University in 2012-2014. The studied objects included potato plants of the Alaya Zarya variety and meadow-chernozem medium-thick medium-humus medium-loamy soil. Potatoes formed a yield of 22.9 t / ha without fertilizers and 26.0-33.2 t / ha with fertilizers. The use of 12 t / ha was the most effective because the yield increases in 10.3 tons or 45.0%, the payback of 1 ton of manurewas0.86 tons of tubers. 1 ton of litterless manure increases the concentration of N-NO3 by 2.06 mg/kg, P2O5 - 2.73 and K2O - 1.28. The authors established quantitative characteristics of the action intensity of 1 ton of manure on potato yields (1.14 t/ha) and proposed a formula of calculating doses for a planned increase in yield based on this study. They identified a normative indicator (coefficient b2) of the action intensity of 1 t/ha of manure on the nitrate-nitrogen content, mobile phosphorus and potassium. It allows to predict their accumulation in the soil and to determine the dose of fertilizers considering the optimal and actual content of the nutrient element in the soil.
Cleaning module of the sorting surface of a continuous processing unit for grinding and freeze drying of lumpy materials
Authors: Khrameshin R , Khrameshin A
Published: January 2021

The article considers the problem of improving the quality of semi-finished vegetables and the possibility of optimizing and automating this process. The processes of cleaning calibrated crushed lumpy materials are analyzed depending on the physicomechanical and chemical properties of the processed materials, with elements of modeling the process modes of equipment operation, allowing improving the quality of the final product. The mathematical model is considered and presented in two parts: the mathematical model of a separate system and the mathematical model of the interaction between elements, the latter reflecting a new approach. The construction of a mathematical model of the individual elements of the system and the mathematical model of interaction is carried out inseparably from each other, as a single process. The method is effective because it is based on the use of the found response function equation. For a given value of one of the factors, such boundaries of change of another factor are determined that ensure that the optimization criterion does not go beyond the certain studied framework, due to the technological requirements of the process under consideration.
Histological evaluation of changing the feeding technology of broiler chickens by introducing a Anethum graveolens-based feed supplement
Authors: Kruglovetskaya I B , Yakushkin I V , Nadtochiy A Yu , Chetvergova I G
Published: January 2021

The paper presents the results of morphological studies of internal organs of broiler chickens when using an Anethum Graveolens-based additive in the diet. In the spring-summer period, an experiment was conducted for three groups of broiler chickens. In addition to feed, the 1st experimental group daily received an alcoholic tincture based on Anethum graveolens; the 2nd experimental group – Anethum graveolens seeds; the 3rd group served as the control. After the end of the experiment, the samples of internal organs were taken for histological studies and stained with hemotoxylin and eosin, picrofuchsin according to Van Gieson, Sudan III, according to Weigert, alcian blue. According to the results of the studies, the Anethum graveolens seeds used in the 2nd experimental group did not have a negative effect on the internal organs of broiler chickens. However, the changes were observed in the 1st experimental group using an alcohol tincture based on Anethum graveolens in the diet. At the same time, the data for broiler chickens of the control group were within normal limits.
Yield and quality of wheat grains in crop rotation in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia
Authors: Lomanovskiy A V , Korchagina I A
Published: January 2021

The influence of soil treatment systems on the upper layer of chernozem soil and intensification agents in the cultivation of spring wheat after rapeseed and soybean precursor on the yield and quality of grain in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia was revealed. At the present stage the increase of the productivity and sustainable production of grain in the arid conditions of Omsk region implies the development of low-cost agricultural technologies and the sound use of intensification agents in growing new high-yielding varieties. The soy precursor contributed to the improvement of technological quality indicators against intensive background in terms of protein content by 6.7% (11.9-12.7%), gluten – by 8.4% (23.8-25.8%) and grain yield – by 23% (2.69-3.30 t/ha) than rapeseed, which is mainly associated with soil enrichment with digestible forms of nitrogen after soy precursor. The positive effect of combined soil treatment in combination with complex application of chemical agents on wheat grain productivity and quality after soybean and rapeseed precursors was established. It is noted that the largest thousand grain weight, protein and gluten content for both precursors were observed in case of flat-cut soil treatment with the improvement of technological parameters during complex chemization. In the southern forest-steppe cultivated lands of Western Siberia the rational integrated use of chemization tools and resource-saving flat-cut and comb-bined soil treatment systems in field crop rotation when growing spring wheat after rapeseed and soybean precursors optimize the quality of soil and grain, stabilize and increase crop productivity by 1.19-3.30 t/ha (14-23%). Soy and rapeseed are promising crops and the areas below them will increase in the region, and the agricultural technology of spring soft wheat after these precursors has not been sufficiently studied and presents a significant interest.
Methodological approaches to constructing 3D models of soil in potato farming
Authors: Starovoitova O A , Starovoitov V I , Manokhina A A , Voronov N V
Published: January 2021

Uniformity of potato tubers for a number of parameters (size, form, composition) is an important quality indicator of potato as marketable products. In production, this issue is resolved by selecting a variety. Conditions for a good plant development are primarily provision with nutrition, optimal moisture, soil density, microbiological activity. This study generalizes research in 3D organization of soddy podsols on the basis of spatial variation in fertility, moisture, density, hardness, microbiological activity and provides methodological approaches to preparing design specification for creation of functional spatial model of soil for potato growing using the methods of 3D geostatistics. A methodology has been developed for constructing a multilayer functional spatial soil model using the methods of 3D geostatistics for fertility, moisture, density, hardness, biological activity of the soil. The research showed a high degree of dispersion among the soils as for nutrient content, moisture, density, hardness and biological activity of the soil. Correlation was analyzed between soil density and moisture content, as well as influence of soil compaction onto its physical structure, bulk density, hardness and aeration. Tubers, their diameter, length and morphology were analyzed as plant characteristics that change under the influence of soil compaction.
Determination of the main efficiency indicators of forage grain grinder
Authors: Abalikhin A M , Mukhanov N V , Krupin A V , Kolesnikova A I
Published: January 2021

Grinding of forage grain is a required operation for preparing it for feeding. Crushers, which are widely used for fodder grain crushing, do not provide making a crushed product with a leveled fractional composition, and the grinding process requires high energy intensity. Therefore, the development of alternative grinders that will ensure high-quality grinding of forage grain with less energy is relevant. The article describes the design of the developed test model of a fodder grain grinder of impact centrifugal effect, presents a method for studying its operation when grinding winter rye grain. Grain grinding was carried out with different productive capacity and speed of rotor rotation, and using sieves with holes of different diameters. Based on the study of granulometric composition of the crushed grain, dependence diagrams were plotted that show main quality indicators of grinding process. When using sieves with holes of different diameters, it is possible to obtain a crushed product that meets the requirements of standards for various kinds of farm animals. When comparing energy consumption of a test model of impact centrifugal grinder with hammer-type crushers, the efficiency of using the proposed design of a grinder is confirmed.
Potential use of Aegilops speltoides Taush genes for durable defense of common wheat from leaf rust in Western Siberia
Authors: Plotnikova L Y , Meshkova L V , Pozherukova V E
Published: January 2021

Common wheat is the main grain crop in Russia. Leaf rust caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina Erikss. regularly affects crops and leads to economic damage. To protect wheat, the use of genes of related cereals is promising. The effect of Lr-genes introduced from Aegilops speltoides Tausch was estimated in Western Siberia and the Southern Urals in 2013-2018. Plant damage was assessed in the field, and the frequency of virulent clones in P. triticina population was detected. The Lr28 and LrSp genes provided plant immunity, and virulent clones were absent in the population. An outbreak of reproduction of a clone virulent to Lr47 was first recorded in the steppe zone of the Omsk region, bordering with Northern Kazakhstan in 2013, with subsequent migration to the East, North and West. Virulence to Lr47 disappeared in the Southern Urals in 2018, but is annually detected in Western Siberia with a low frequency. The tendency to overcome the adult Lr35 gene and the low efficiency of Lr36 in Western Siberia and the Southern Urals was noted. The breeding of wheat varieties with Ae. speltoides genes and their cultivation should take into account the pathogen variability and migration.
The role of mineral fertilizers for controlling spring barley root rot development
Authors: Postovalov A A
Published: January 2021

The article presents data on the effect of mineral fertilizers on productivity and resistance of spring barley to root rot. When applying complex mineral fertilizers, root rot development decreased to 22.1 %, the biological efficiency was 41.2 %. On the epicotyl and stem base, the root rot development index decreased by 1.8–3.0 times. The spring barley root rot was affected by weather conditions, the share of this factor was maximum throughout the growing season and amounted to 23.5 to 86.9 %, the share of the influence of mineral fertilizers varied from 6.5 to 33.3 %. Under favorable hydrothermal conditions, the root rot development index decreased to 10 %; with a decrease in the moistening regime, it increased to 40 %. When applying nitrogen-phosphorus and complex mineral fertilizers, the yield increased by 53.7 and 63.8 %. Under the favorable moistening regime, the yield increased, the dependence equation is y = 25.8–2.6x. With an increase in the susceptibility to root rot, productivity decreased, the regression equation is y = 45.58–0.84x.
Study of thermal modes of operation of SMD-LEDs in phyto-lamps
Authors: Proshkin Y A , Smirnov A A , Sokolov A V , Dovlatov I M , Kachan S A
Published: January 2021

LED phyto-irradiators are promising for use in irradiation systems for growing plants in greenhouses using photoculture technology. Cases, when the thermal calculation of phyto-irradiators is performed incorrectly, have an overheating in the active area of the crystal. It results in faster degradation of the semiconductor, reduces the output luminous flux and the service life of the device. To evaluate and analyze scientific works studying thermal models of LED operating modes, examples of the application of modern methods for determining thermal resistances, to study local heating zones on phyto-irradiator boards when using different types of LEDs and modern thermal imagers to detect soldering defects. The authors classified and analyzed the collected materials according to application criteria and implementation prospects. In the course of the research the authors applied methods of systematic approach. To assess the effectiveness of dissipation of thermal energy released by a LED crystal, they calculate the following parameters: thermal resistance between p-n transition and housing, thermal resistance between housing and PCB, thermal resistance between PCB and the environment. The thermal resistance between the p-n junction and the housing is due to the design of the LED, other parameters are set by the thermal models of the developed lighting devices. The applied methods of cooling do not essentially influence the complexity of thermal models, liquid cooling allows to refuse radiator for the linear thermal model, that slightly raises the accuracy of measurements and simplifies the process of calculation of thermal resistance of transition-housing. The primary role in thermal management of luminaires with SMD elements lies in the following elements: power supply circuits, SMD LED soldering quality and materials used, LED locations, PCB dimensions and location in space, ambient temperature, adequate calculation of thermal resistance between the LED and the environment and selection of radiators.
Interface modeling algorithms for dispatch control
Authors: Redreev G V , Chervenchuk V D , Chervenchuk I V , Zabudsky A I
Published: January 2021

The article offers mathematical tools for programming dispatcher tasks on programmable logic matrices, which allow to obtain closed axiomatic models of the dispatcher’s professional activity in the course of the dispatcher’s dialogue with the computer and implement it in the form of optimal combinational logic schemes with pairwise alternative outputs. These tools implement a user-friendly interface for modeling a logically complete consistent system of axioms written in the production language in a tabular form that resembles decision tables with a limited input. The modeling dialog completely frees the dispatcher from the need to know the properties of axiomatic models and requires only professional skills of dispatcher management. Its function in this dialogue is only to specify the desired action in a specific situation that occurs during the object management process. Such situations are constantly formed during the field work in crop production. Sudden failure of power units, two or three-day period of adverse weather increases the risk of violation of agricultural deadlines. This requires prompt decision - making on re-completing units, changing the plan of mechanized work. The search of all possible situations and obtaining on their basis an optimal set of consistent products closing the axiomatic model is provided exclusively by the interface software, which is developed using algorithms for negating and minimizing disjunctive normal forms of logical functions and includes software tools for modeling logically complete consistent decision tables and optimizing them in order to obtain optimal combinational logical devices with their subsequent hardware implementation in the form of microchips. In addition, these software tools are offered as one of the tools for software implementation of branched algorithms with high complexity indicators according to M. V. Arapov in the automated design of control systems for various purposes.
Experience in applying the technology of cavitation treatment of sunflower oil sludge for feeding ruminants
Authors: Kurilkina M Ya , Muslyumova D M , Zavyalov O A , Miroshnikov S A
Published: January 2021

This paper presents research on evaluating the effectiveness of the technology of cavitation treatment of sunflower oil sludge intended for feeding ruminants. The evaluation on a general microbial content has been introduced, namely, quantitative and qualitative indicators of sunflower sludge before and after the cavitational processing have been described. During the experimental studies, the fact of a significant increase in digestibility of sunflower sludge after the cavitational processing by 21.1 % was revealed. At the same time, cavitation was not accompanied by any significant changes in the fatty acid composition of the feed, but it increased digestibility of a dry-matter in vitro due to an increase in bioavailability of the linoleic acid to 86.2 % versus 45.9 % in the native feed. The digestibility of other fatty acids either changed slightly, or decreased. The experiment shows the bactericidal and mycocidal effect caused by the cavitational processing. The effect caused by the cumulative jets of liquid when the cavitational microbubbles collapse caused the death of all microflora inherent to these types of products.
The role of food crops within the Poaceae and Fabaceae families as nutritional plants
Authors: Shavanov M V
Published: January 2021

Plants play an important role in human life because they are the only organisms that can convert light energy from the sun into food. Products produced from plants such as fruits, vegetables, cereals, essential oils and many others are rich in carbohydrate, protein, vitamins and fibre that are necessary for health maintenance. They are an integral part of our regular diet because they are all of the food that people eat. Plants are arranged in a hierarchical classification that is called Taxonomy, and any given organism can be classified throughout the hierarchy. Such an arrangement allows related organisms to be classified. There are various taxonomic levels and each level is given a name (e.g., kingdom, division (phylum), class, order, family, genus, species). For example, the taxonomic class of monocotyledonous involves different families, but in this article, only the families of Poaceae (formerly called Gramineae) and Fabaceae (also called Leguminosae) are considered. Some of the major crops of these families that yield highly nutritious edible seeds or grains are known as cereals and legumes respectively. Legumes include common beans, peas, soybean, peanut and lentils while the most important crops of cereals are wheat, rice, corn, barley and rye. Their products account for a large part of the energy, carbohydrate and protein of the daily diet of every person in the world. Consequently, they play a fundamental role in the food security in the UK, as well as food security globally.
Testing of the technology of cavitation treatment of sunflower oil sludge to increase the digestibility of feed for calf bulls
Authors: Kurilkina M Ya , Muslyumova D M , Zavyalov O A , Atlanderova K N
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of research to assess the effectiveness of the developed technology for processing sunflower oil sludge, using cavitation, to increase the digestibility of feed and metabolism of calf bull. When introduced into the diet of sunflower oil sludge in the native form + 10 % (group II). It was established that the highest indices of digestibility of the majority of nutrients were in cavitated fuse. In particular, fodder enriched with fuse contributed to greater energy consumption and its more productive use. Digestible energy was higher by 7.1 % (P≤0.05) and 9 % (P≤0.05) in groups I and II, respectively. Metabolic energy exceeded the control level by 5.7 and 7.1 MJ. The inclusion of fuse in the compound feed increased nitrogen digestion by 4.5 % (P≤0.05) in group I and by 5.8 % (P≤0.01) in group II. At the same time, higher indicators are achieved when feeding with fuse treated by the cavitation method.
Block-container system for growing strawberry planting material in greenhouses
Authors: Batukaev A A , Kornatskiy S A , Gaplaev M Sh
Published: January 2021

The study aims to develop an effective technological scheme for growing high quality strawberry planting material in a greenhouse, while minimizing the application of growth substrates. Mother plants of Darselect, Asia, Florence, Kimberly, Alba varieties were planted in peat-filled container blocks, which were placed on a special surface of technological tables on which trays with water were installed. The trays were previously covered with a thin water- and breathable synthetic material Agril (density of 17 g/m2), which prevented the stolons from immersing into water. The stolons grew from the mother plants, and rosettes rooted. The efficiency of the process depended on the number of stolons developing from the mother plants and the number of rosettes. Stolons with rosettes were isolated from the mother plants, while extracting the roots that penetrated into the synthetic material. Plants were planted in cassettes with peat and regularly watered using the finely-dispersed method. One week was enough for 100 % survival of plants. On 1 m2 greenhouse area, during the first year, 124.0–139.5 daughter plants were grown.
Use of the fuzzy-set theory in designing enriched bakery products
Authors: Derkanosova N M , Vasilenko O A , Helamova S A S , Uhina E YU
Published: January 2021

Design of the technologies and formulations for enriched foods should consider a number of aspects, including the manufacturability of the enriching ingredient, the price segment of the finished product, etc. Considering bakery products, the products of mass and daily consumption, an important factor in the choice of products is their organoleptic characteristics - appearance, taste, aroma, etc. Here the solution of such a multi-criteria problem is often carried out in conditions of uncertainty, when the product property can be described in terms of “better” or “worse”. To solve the similar problem of choosing an enriching ingredient from the line of powdery semi-finished products based on fruits and vegetables, approaches to the fuzzy sets theory were selected and demonstrated. Testing these approaches allowed us to select specific semi-finished products from the analyzed sample selection, to be used is bread made from a mixture of rye and wheat flour, and the rational stage of the technological process.
Development of a new technology for improving the quality of food raw materials of animal origin
Authors: Azhmuldinov E A , Titov M G , Kizaev M A , Muslumova D M
Published: January 2021

The use of silver, which is a potent antibiotic, has attracted our interest in testing it as an anti-stress drug for technological stresses such as transportation and pre-slaughter handling. Based on the results, we have developed a new technology for improving the quality of food raw materials, including the intramuscular injection of ultrafine particles (UFP) of silver at a dose of 0.01 mg / kg of live weight. This allows improving the quality characteristics of by-products (liver, kidneys, lungs), which is characterized by an increase of both saturated fatty acid (namely, palmitic one) by 23.7% and unsaturated (oleic) acid by 38.6%; and at a dosage of 0.05 mg / kg of live weight – in terms of myristic, palmitic and oleic fatty acids compared to the control group without the drug administration. This contributed to a decrease in the activity of free radical oxidation in animals and increased adaptive abilities. However, the best adaptive qualities with an increase in the amount of corresponding fatty-acids were animals who were intramuscularly injected with UFP of silver at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg of body weight.
Determination of characteristic species-specific protein zones of fish fermentolysates using the method of electrophoretic analysis
Authors: Dvoryaninova O P , Sokolov A V , Zemlyanukhina O A , Solovyeva E A , Syanov D A
Published: January 2021

The article presents studies on the justification of the most effective technological modes of enzymatic hydrolysis of secondary fish cutting products by the enzyme preparation Collagenase. The optimal duration of enzymatic hydrolysis was established, which is 16 hours for skin fermentolysates, 24 hours for scales fermentolysates and 36 hours for fins fermentolysates. The molecular weights of the protein zones of the obtained fermentolysates are determined, which are mainly represented by low molecular weight digestible proteins with a molecular weight of 13 to 33 kD, which indicates the high availability and degree of protein destruction by human gastrointestinal tract enzymes (from 92.39 to 96.87%).
Management system for development of the dairy industry in the context of digitalization
Authors: Chernyakov M , Chernyakova M , Chernyakova I
Published: January 2021

This study covers the problem of managing the development of the dairy industry. One of the tasks is the need to develop a non-standard approach to the theoretical foundations of regulation of this industry and recommendations for its practical application. The study is based on the methodology of systemic, integrated and territorial approaches using methods of economic interpretation of research results, operational and comparative analyzes. Scientific novelty lies in the theoretical substantiation of a multi-level paradoxical model of the relationship between the parameters of the dairy industry. The paradox is the hypothesis that there is a relationship between the regulatory impact and the parameters of the dairy industry, having a functional relationship with it (the correlation coefficient is close to 0), through a multi-level chain of indirect relationships of parameters that have a closer relationship with the regulator and indicators that are dependent on it indirectly. To implement the proposed hypothesis, a new mechanism of action is needed, which allows, on the basis of actual data taken from open sources, developing separate digital models of the dairy industry for the subjects of the Russian Federation. The maximum margin of error of such models shall not exceed 10 %. Based on the results of developing a digital model and testing its information and computer technology, it was concluded that it should be used in forecasting processes for the development of the dairy industry, depending on the regulatory impacts expressed by the invested amount of state support funds. Testing of the proposed theory is carried out according to the results of 3 scenarios of forecasting the development of the dairy industry in the Novosibirsk oblast for a 2-year period, calculated based on the proposed digital technology.