bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Infection Control Fatigue, Job Stress, and Resilience on Burnout in Nurses during the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Moon Chan Mi , Kang Jeong Hee
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of infection control fatigue, job stress, and resilience on burnout in nurses responding to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: This correlational study was conducted among 151 nurses working at three hospitals designated for treating COVID-19 patients in Jeonbuk Province, South Korea. Data were collected with self-report questionnaires between February 10 and 28, 2022 and analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 28.0 program with descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlations, and hierarchical multiple regressions. Results: The participants' scores were 3.56±0.48 out of 5 for infection control fatigue, 2.49±0.25 out of 4 for job stress, 3.49±0.45 out of 5 for resilience, and 3.02±0.34 out of 5 for burnout. Burnout was significantly associated with working experience, average working hours, working department, and desire to stay in the current department. Burnout showed statistically significant moderate positive correlations with infection control fatigue and job stress, and a statistically significant moderate negative correlation with resilience. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that infection control fatigue, job stress, and resilience were factors affecting burnout in COVID-19 response nurses, with an explanatory power of 36.6%. Conclusion: Based on the above results, it is clear that job stress, infection control fatigue, and resilience are factors to consider when designing an intervention to reduce burnout in COVID-19 response nurses.
Static Performance of Multi-Span Cable-stayed Bridge: A Review
Authors: Liang Zhuodong
Published: December 2024

The use of multi-span cable-stayed bridge is becoming more common. By collecting a large number of domestic literature in China, this paper mainly summarizes the research results of different research methods on the static performance of multi-span cable-stayed bridges. It shows the research on the mechanical properties of multi-tower cable-stayed bridges by different Chinese scholars. It has reference for the study of static performance of multi-span cable-stayed bridge. It is foreseeable that the future research on multi-tower cable-stayed bridges will develop in the direction of ' physical ' - 'AI ' combination.
Mercury and Cardiovascular Health: Exploring the Correlation between Atherosclerosis and Hypertension
Authors: Queiroz Roger Antonio Morais , Miranda Gabriel Correia Nedir , D’Alessandro Walmirton Bezerra , Paiva Maykon Jhuly Martins de , Herrera Sávia Denise Silva Carlotto , Odorizzi Valdir Francisco , Mendes Seyna Ueno Rabelo , D'Alessandro Aline Almeida Barbaresco , Silva Rodrigo Rodrigues da , Souza Jordy Canuto de
Published: December 2024

Aims: To explore the association between mercury exposure and cardiovascular health, focusing on its impact on hypertension and atherosclerosis in individuals exposed to inorganic and organic mercury forms. This study aims to review the evidence on how mercury contributes to endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which are critical mechanisms in cardiovascular disease development.
Study Design: This is a literature review based on observational and epidemiological studies conducted between 2000 and 2023, which investigated the effects of mercury exposure on cardiovascular diseases.
Place and Duration of Study: Studies included were sourced from PUBMED, BVS, SCIELO, LILACS, and MEDLINE databases, published between 2000 and 2023.
Methodology: This integrative review included studies on the association between mercury exposure and cardiovascular health, focusing on hypertension and atherosclerosis. The search was conducted in the PUBMED, BVS, SCIELO, LILACS, and MEDLINE databases, covering publications from 2000 to 2023 and using specific terms with Boolean operators. Observational and experimental studies in humans were included, excluding those with significant biases, unavailable in full text, or involving only in vitro or animal models. Screening was performed in three stages, with two independent reviewers and a PRISMA flow diagram to document the process.
Results: The studies consistently indicated a significant association between mercury exposure and increased risk of hypertension and atherosclerosis. Individuals with higher mercury levels showed greater arterial stiffness, calcification, and an elevated risk of myocardial infarction and strokes. Observational studies in populations exposed to mercury, either occupationally or through diet, demonstrated a dose-dependent relationship between mercury exposure and cardiovascular events.
Conclusion: Mercury exposure, particularly in vulnerable populations like industrial workers and communities with high fish consumption, is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The review underscores the importance of stringent public health policies and regular monitoring of mercury levels in at-risk populations to prevent long-term cardiovascular damage.
Floristic Checklist and Conservation Status of Woody Species in Relation to Gradient in Osomba Hills of Cross River National Park, Nigeria
Authors: M. E. Bassey, , E. D. Anwana, , M. N. Azam, , E. O. Mbong, , O. T. Umoh,
Published: December 2024

Extant floristic data checklist and conservation status of woody species were determined in relationship with elevation gradient in Osomba hills of the Cross River National Park, Oban division. A total of 78 species of woody plants in 31 families were identified. The family Fabaceae recorded the highest number of species (13) followed by Malvaceae with 8 species, Annonaceae and Euphorbiaceae had 6 species each, Apocynaceae had 5 species, Irvingiaceae, Ochnaceae, and Olacaceae had 3 species each, Buseraceae, Clusiaceae, Combretaceae, Ebenaceae, Moraceae, Myristicaceae, Rubiaceae and Sapotaceae had 2 species each, Anacardiaceae, Anisophylleaceae, Asteraceae, Bombacaceae, Cecropioaceae, Gentianaceae, Hyperiaceae, Lecythiddaceae, Meliaceae, Passifloraceae, Polygalaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Rutaceae, Simaroubaceae and Violaceae had 1 species each. The investigation of the conservation status of the species using the IUCN redlist data revealed that 1 species (Berlinia korupensis Mackinder& Burgt) is critically endangered (CR), 6 species are near threatened (NT), 7 species are vulnerable (VU), 7 species are not evaluated (NE) and 54 species are of least concerned (LC). Life forms identified included 14 shrubs and 64 tree species in the study area. In the dry season, a total of 29 species including 5 shrubs and 24 trees were identified, while in the rainy season, a total of 57 species including 10 shrubs and 47 trees were identified. Plant diversity along elevation gradient was generally heterogeneous and could be influenced by many factors such as climate, spatial heterogeneity, biotic processes, and evolutionary history. Overall species richness of both shrubs and trees decreased along the elevation gradient whereas the tree species increased with the elevation. Anthropogenic factors and accessibility to the mountainous terrain could also contribute to the patterns of the plant diversity and tree community structure in the study area. Common anthropogenic activities observed were timber harvesting, firewood collections, and harvesting of plants for food and medicinal uses.
Inventory List of Plant Diversity in Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest of Pench Tiger Reserve, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Chandramohan Kolagani , Shukla Prabhu Nath , Bhargavi Ch , Singh Sourav , Ravivarma D.
Published: December 2024

Aim: To assess the phyto diversity of pench tiger reserve, Maharashtra, India.
Place and Duration of Study: Pench Tiger Reserve (PTR), June 2022 to December 2023.
Methodology: The study was carried out by laying out quadratic sample plots in the PTR given by National Forest Inventory working plan code-2014 The plot size was 0.1 ha with 31.62 m x 31.62 m quadrats.
Results: The study reveals a rich biodiversity comprising 863 species across 554 genera and 117 families, along with 8 varieties and 2 sub-species. The predominant taxa are herbs, accounting for 34.06% of species, followed by trees at 23.29%, climbers at 15.17%, grasses at 13.09%, sedges at 7.3%, epiphytic herbs at 0.8%, and bamboo at 0.2%. Fabaceae emerges as the most species-rich family in comparable studies, underscoring its ecological significance.
Conclusion: The study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive biodiversity inventories for understanding and conserving tropical forest ecosystems. This research provides valuable baseline data essential for future ecological studies, environmental assessments, and effective.
What Is Important To Patients?
Authors: . .
Published: December 2024

.
Divisão Sexual Do Trabalho E Ocupação No Setor De Serviços Maranhense Em 2011 E 2021
Authors: Aroucha Sarah Pestana , Caumo Alessandra Juliana , Azevedo Vanessa Ragone , Brito Alexsandro Sousa , Pires Selma Sousa
Published: December 2024

Esse trabalho visa analisar a desigualdade de gênero no setor de serviços formal do Maranhão em 2011 e 2021,
compreendendo o impacto da divisão sexual do trabalho nas relações sociais e laborais. Baseado principalmente
nos dados da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS), dos quais foram extraídas informações sobre os
trabalhadores do setor, composto por seis grandes grupamentos. Os resultados revelaram disparidades nos
rendimentos e ocupações entre homens e mulheres, apesar da predominância feminina no setor. Além disso, o
estudo buscou caracterizar os trabalhadores abordando aspectos como faixa etária e escolaridade, com a finalidade de fornecer reflexões relevantes para entender a desigualdade de gênero no setor de serviços maranhense.
To Assess The Prevalence Of Dental Anxiety Among Patients Visiting A Department Of Conservative Dentistry In Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra
Authors: Daokar Dr. Sadashiv , Mali Dr. Apurva , Pawar Dr. Kalpana , Sarate Dr.Nikita , Nandkhedkar Dr. Shubhankar
Published: December 2024

Background -
Anxiety before dental treatment is well recognized problem in the population avoiding dental care. Tense and
anxious patients disrupt scheduling, make treatment difficult and arouse uncomfortable feelings in the dentist.
The extent of needle phobia and its effect on the patients in the community is the topic which still remains largely
unexplored. Thus, the present study was planned to check the nature of the anxiety among dental college patients
by using Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) is a brief, selfcomplete questionnaire consisting of five questions and summed together to produce a total score ranging from 5
to 25. It has reasonable psychometric properties, low instrumental effects and can be integrated into everyday
dental practice as a clinical aid and screen for dental anxiety.
Materials and methods – The study was carried with the help of questionnaires specially formulated for the study.
The study included 200 patients came to the outpatient department of the dental college, observation was recorded
and analyzed. Most of the male and female participants had experience of Dental phobia due to experience shared by parents or relatives. The purpose of this study is to determine the assessment of changing levels of Dental anxiety with the help of (MDAS)i.e. modified dental anxiety scale.
Comparative Study Of Proseal Laryngeal Mask Airway Versus Cuffed Endotracheal Tube In Patietns Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Under General Anesthesia
Authors: Zahid Dr Mohammad , Jha Dr Ashutosh , Hasnat Dr Sabir , Anjan Dr Prem
Published: December 2024

Background: LC is a surgical technique that uses a set of cameras and specially designed instruments to remove
the gallbladder through a series of small abdominal incisions. Due to their low invasive nature, laparoscopic
surgeries are considered day care procedures. As a result, patients undergoing laparoscopic procedures now get
less invasive airway management, such as PLMA, rather than ETT. Nowadays, SADs are frequently employed in
the control of airways, falling somewhere among tracheal tubes and face masks both in terms of structural
placement and degree of invasiveness. These devices provide a hands-free approach to seal an airway against
gas. The two most often utilized methods for managing airways are endotracheal intubation and LMA ProSeal
The present study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of ProSeal LMA with Endotracheal Tube in patients
undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia. To compare ProSeal LMA and
Endotracheal tube with respect to intra-operative haemodynamic responses in patients undergoing laparoscopic
cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia.
Materials and Methods: The study was carried out at the Department of Anaesthesiology, Katihar Medical
College & Hospital, Katihar, Bihar, study was done for 1 Year, 60 individuals were enrolled, Group S (Study
Group) with 30 patients received ProSeal LMA (PLMA) with an introducer and Group C (Control Group) with
30 patients received a cuffed Endotracheal Tube (ETT). Every variable was subjected to statistical analysis within
the same individual and between 2 treatment categories using a suitable biostatistical methodology.
Results:. The PLMA required fewer attempts for successful insertion compared to ETT (1.63±0.49 vs 2.03±0.89,
p=0.034). NGT insertion was quicker with PLMA compared to ETT. The PLMA group showed lower EtCO2
levels at multiple time points compared to the ETT group. The PLMA group had a lower incidence of sore throat
and nausea but a higher incidence of airway trauma compared to the ETT group. The PLMA group had a higher
rate of device removal without complications (93.3% vs 80%) and smooth postoperative recovery (90% vs 80%)
compared to the ETT group.
Conclusion: In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway (PLMA) offers
several advantages over the conventional cuffed Endotracheal Tube (ETT) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. The PLMA was associated with easier insertion, more stable hemodynamics, effective ventilation, and a smoother postoperative course
A Study To Assess The Knowledge And Attitude Of The Fathers With Children Aged Between 0-1 Years Regarding Infant Care In A Selected Area Of Delhi In A View To Develop And Disseminate Informational Booklet On Infant Care
Authors: . Bhawna , Kumari Meena , Jose Angel Mary , George Sandra , Aggarwal Somya
Published: December 2024

Background:
Infancy is the most crucial phase in child’s life which influences the further, physical, cognitive development of
child in later stages of life. All the factors such as nutrition, growth and development, immunization, hygiene and
prevention from home hazard must be carefully monitored and carried out by both the parents equally, this
promotes a healthy growth and wellbeing for the baby. Each parents make a unique and important contribution
to parenting and to their child’s development and the best outcomes happen when parents work as a team.
Materials and Methods:
A community based descriptive study was conducted in RHTC Najafgarh, PHC Palam among fathers of children
aged 0-1 year, using purposive sampling technique. Knowledge and attitudes of fathers was assessed by
structured knowledge questionnaire along with 5-point Likert scale attitude as a tool and an informational booklet
was also disseminated. A total of 60 fathers of children aged 0-1 year participated in this study.
Results:
This study assessed the knowledge and attitude of fathers with children 0-1 years and their responsibilities
regarding infant care in a selected area of Delhi. The findings of study show 70% had average knowledge, 26.70%
had good knowledge and 3.30% had poor knowledge. This data revealed that most of them had favorable attitude 46 (76.7%), neutral attitude13 (21.7%), unfavorable attitude 1(1.6%). Conclusion: The data revealed most of the fathers had average knowledge regarding infant care and had favorable attitude.
A Brief Note Of Having Insurance Policy
Authors: Podile Venkateswararao. , Desai Jai M , Sameer Sk. , Revanth Thulluru Rishi Krishna , Kaveri K.
Published: December 2024

First, understand the literal meaning of insurance. It means an assurance against unforeseen and unfortunate
loss. This means you can be compensated if you encounter an unfortunate event and incur a financial loss because
of it. There are two types of insurance one is general insurance, and another is life insurance so under the general
insurance there are some categories that is health insurance, life insurance, home insurance, travel insurance,
liability insurance and fire and hazards insurance. And for the life insurance term life insurance, moneyback plans, child educational plans, unit linked insurance plan (ULIPs). must have life insurances are term insurance plan, retirement plan and child plans.
Effect Of Tax Incentives On The Performance Of Manufacturing Firms In Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Wanjobi Victor Chomba
Published: December 2024

Over the last few decades, the contributions of the firms on the performance of the largest economies in the world
have beamed the searchlight on the uniqueness of the manufacturing firms; and this has succeeded in overruling
previously held views that firms were only smaller versions of larger companies. Since the 1960s to date,
manufacturing firms have been given due recognitions especially in the developed nations for playing very
important roles towards fostering accelerated economic performance, development and stability within several
economies. Manufacturing firms in Kenya face challenges with regard to financing, disproportionate regulatory
burdens and competition failures compared to large entities. The main objective of this study was to determine
the effect of tax incentives on performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya. The specific objectives were to
establish the effect of investment allowances, excise duty incentive and customs incentive on performance of
manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study was guided by the, Normative Theory, Political System Theory and the
resource-based view. This study was focused on the 150 large manufacturing firms in Nairobi County. The study
employed explanatory research design. Both descriptive and inferential statistics for the data obtained was
analyzed. The descriptive statistics was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and was
presented by means, standard deviation and frequency tables. A regression model was used to evaluate the
relationship between the dependent and independent variables of the study. The regression analysis revealed that
investment allowances (B = 0.262, p = 0.000), excise duty incentives (B = 0.311, p = 0.000), and customs
incentives (B = 0.089, p = 0.037) all have positive and significant relationships with the performance of
manufacturing firms. The study concludes that investment allowances, excise duty incentives, and customs
incentives significantly and positively influence the performance of manufacturing firms, highlighting the critical
role of fiscal incentives in driving industrial growth and development. The study recommends maintaining and
enhancing Investment allowances, Excise Duty Incentives, and Customs Incentives to support manufacturing
firms in Nairobi County, Kenya, as these incentives have shown significant positive effects on firm performance.
Additionally, policymakers should prioritize clear communication and accessibility of these incentives while tailoring them to address specific industry needs, ensuring that manufacturing firms can readily access and benefit from them, ultimately fostering economic growth and development in the region
Leadership Traits and Investment Behavior: Examining the Influence of Leadership Characteristics on Behavioral Biases in Financial Decision-Making
Authors: Savla Rahil
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the relationship between leadership traits and behavioral biases in investment decisionmaking. Through a quantitative survey of 172 investors, the research examines how leadership characteristics
influence susceptibility to overconfidence bias, anchoring bias, herding behavior, and loss aversion in investment
contexts. The findings reveal a moderate negative correlation (-0.256) between leadership traits and behavioral
biases, suggesting that stronger leadership qualities may help mitigate investment biases. However, regression
analysis indicates this relationship is complex, with leadership traits explaining only a small portion of bias
variance. The study finds that strategic decision-making capacity has the strongest negative correlation (-0.32)
with overconfidence bias, while proactive management skills show consistent negative correlations across all
behavioral biases. These findings contribute to both leadership and behavioral finance literature by establishing
a novel connection between leadership traits and investment behavior, while highlighting the multifaceted nature
of this relationship. The research has practical implications for investment advisors and leadership development programs, suggesting the need for integrated approaches that consider both leadership qualities and behavioral aspects in improving investment decision-making.
Herding Bias And Investment Performance
Authors: . .
Published: December 2024

One fundamental question remain unanswered, are investments free from behavioural biases? This study sought
to evaluate the effects of herding bias on investment performance. The study was guided by the herding theory.
The study results indicate that herding behaviour has a statistically significant influence on investment performance. This means that investors imitating the observed actions of others or the movements of the market instead of following her own beliefs and available information.
Crosstalk between the lncRNA UCA1 and microRNAs in cancer
Authors: Xuan Wei , Yu Hongyu , Zhang Xiaoling , Song Dandan
Published: June 2019

Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a major subset of highly conserved non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that consist of at least 200 nucleotides and have limited protein‐coding potential. Cumulative data have shown that lncRNAs are deregulated in many types of cancer and may control pathophysiological processes of cancer at various levels, including transcription, post‐transcription and translation. Recently, lncRNAs have been demonstrated to interact with microRNAs (miRNAs), another major subset of ncRNAs, which regulate physiological and pathological processes by inhibiting target mRNA translation or promoting mRNA degradation. The lncRNA urothelial carcinoma‐associated 1 (UCA1) has recently gained much attention as it is overexpressed in many types of cancer and is involved in carcinogenesis. Here, we review the crosstalk between UCA1 and miRNAs during the pathogenesis of cancer, with a focus on cancer‐cell proliferation, invasion, drug resistance, and metabolism.
Real‐Time Imaging of Vaccine Biodistribution Using Zwitterionic NIR Nanoparticles
Authors: Katagiri Wataru , Lee Jeong Heong , Tétrault Marc‐André , Kang Homan , Jeong Sinyoung , Evans Conor L. , Yokomizo Shinya , Santos Sheena , Jones Catherine , Hu Shuang , Fakhri Georges El , Tsukada Kosuke , Choi Hak Soo , Kashiwagi Satoshi
Published: June 2019

Efficient and timely delivery of vaccine antigens to the secondary lymphoid tissue is crucial to induce protective immune responses by vaccination. However, determining the longitudinal biodistribution of injected vaccines in the body has been a challenge. Here, the near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging is reported that can efficiently enable the trafficking and biodistribution of vaccines in real time. Zwitterionic NIR fluorophores are conjugated on the surface of model vaccines and tracked the fate of bioconjugated vaccines after intradermal administration. Using an NIR fluorescence imaging system, it is possible to obtain time‐course imaging of vaccine trafficking through the lymphatics, observing notable uptake in lymph nodes with minimal nonspecific tissue interactions. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that the uptake in lymph nodes by antigen presenting cells was highly dependent on the hydrodynamic diameter of vaccines. These results demonstrate that the combination of a real‐time NIR fluorescence imaging system and zwitterionic fluorophores is a powerful tool to determine the fate of vaccine antigens. Since such non‐specific vaccine uptake causes serious adverse reactions, this method is not only useful for optimization of vaccine design, but also for safety evaluation of clinical vaccine candidates.
Colorimetric Recording of Thermal Conditions on Polymeric Inverse Opals
Authors: Lee Seung Yeol , Lee Joon‐Seok , Kim Shin‐Hyun
Published: June 2019

Recording thermal conditions, i.e., temperature and time, is of great importance for various applications. Although thermometers can measure temperature and record its temporal change with electronic devices, they are nondisposable and not patch‐type, restricting their uses. Here, photonic films are designed that record thermal condition through irreversible structural deformation and intuitively report it with color patterns. The photonic films are inverse opals made of negative photoresist on a solid support, where the cross‐linking density of the photoresist is regioselectively adjusted. The photonic films show a gradual blueshift of structural color upon heating due to anisotropic compression of the inverse opal, of which the rate depends on temperature and cross‐linking density. For single cross‐linking density, thermal input is quantified from the color change in the form of coupled temperature and time. With multiple cross‐linking densities in a single film, the multicolor pattern is developed, from which the temperature and time are decoupled and separately estimated for isothermal condition.
Electronic Structure Characterization of Soft Semiconductors
Authors: Liu Xianjie , Fahlman Mats
Published: June 2019

Soft semiconductors are a class of materials that have seen increased interest in terms of both basic research and development of technology, in particular optoelectronic devices. These materials, organic semiconductors and metal halide perovskites, are defined by being more mechanically malleable than the traditional crystalline inorganic semiconductors and with thin film fabrication done at lower temperatures and often from solution. In this short perspective article, basic properties of the materials are introduced, as well as their typical applications and a number of advanced characterization techniques that offer distinct advantages for studying soft semiconductor thin films.
LSPR‐Induced Catalytic Enhancement Using Bimetallic Copper Fabrics Prepared by Galvanic Replacement Reactions
Authors: Anderson Samuel R. , O'Mullane Anthony P. , Della Gaspera Enrico , Ramanathan Rajesh , Bansal Vipul
Published: June 2019

A simple galvanic replacement (GR) reaction‐based strategy to create copper‐based bimetallic fabrics for photoreductive catalysis is reported. It is shown that a nanostructured Cu@Fabric can be easily converted into bimetallic Cu‐Au@Fabric and Cu‐Ag@Fabric through a spontaneous electroless process that involves simple exposure of copper fabrics to the aqueous solutions of gold and silver ions. The nanoscale hierarchical ordering of cotton fabrics combined with their high porosity and wettability make them outstanding supports for catalyst recovery and reusability. The deposition of miniscule quantities of expensive noble metals on readily available Cu not only reduces the overall catalyst cost, but also plays a major role in improving the catalyst stability and reusability over several cycles through minimizing Cu oxidation. The synergistic effects of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties of Cu, Au, and Ag allow these bimetallic fabrics into highly active visible light photocatalysts. Mechanistic investigation of the photocatalytic activity provides in‐depth information on the electron transfer processes occurring at the catalyst/ reactant interface, revealing electron transport as the rate‐limiting step, which could be overcome under visible light photoillumination conditions. The outcomes enhance the understanding of template‐supported bimetallic nanostructures for LSPR‐induced photocatalysis applications, offering new potential to design multifunctional fabrics for various applications.
C7‐Functionalization of Indoles via Organocatalytic Enantioselective Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation of 4‐Amino‐ indoles with 2‐Butene‐1,4‐diones and 3‐Aroylacrylates
Authors: Huang Tongkun , Zhao Yunlong , Meng Shanshui , Chan Albert S. C. , Zhao Junling
Published: June 2019

An efficient protocol for the enantioselective C7 Friedel‐Crafts alkylation between 4‐aminoindoles and 2‐butene‐1,4‐diones or 3‐aroylacrylates was reported. This process was catalyzed by a chiral phosphoric acid, affording the corresponding 1,4‐disubstituted indoles in moderate to high yields with good to high enantioselectivities. This reaction could be performed on a gram scale without loss of efficiency, and a representative derivatization of the products was also investigated to prepare the corresponding C3 formylation compound.

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Strong Interplay between Sodium and Oxygen in Kesterite Absorbers: Complex Formation, Incorporation, and Tailoring Depth Distributions
Authors: Grini Sigbjørn , Sopiha Kostiantyn V. , Ross Nils , Liu Xin , Bjørheim Tor S. , Platzer‐Björkman Charlotte , Persson Clas , Vines Lasse
Published: June 2019

Sodium and oxygen are prevalent impurities in kesterite solar cells. Both elements are known to strongly impact performance of the kesterite devices and can be connected to efficiency improvements seen after heat treatments. The sodium distribution in the kesterite absorber is commonly reported, whereas the oxygen distribution has received less attention. Here, a direct relationship between sodium and oxygen in kesterite absorbers is established using secondary ion mass spectrometry and explained by defect analyses within the density functional theory. The calculations reveal a binding energy of 0.76 eV between the substitutional defects NaCu and OS in the nearest neighbor configuration, indicating an abundance of NaO complexes in kesterite absorbers at relevant temperatures. Oxygen incorporation is studied by introducing isotopic 18O at different stages of the Cu2ZnSnS4/Mo/soda‐lime glass baseline processing. It is observed that oxygen from the Mo back contact and contaminations during the sulfurization are primary contributors to the oxygen distribution. Indeed, unintentional oxygen incorporation leads to immobilization of sodium. This results in a strong correlation between sodium and oxygen, in excellent agreement with the theoretical calculations. Consequently, oxygen availability should be monitored to optimize postdeposition heat treatments to control impurities in kesterite absorbers and ultimately, the solar cell efficiency.
Propagation and Purification of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells with Selective Homopolymer Release Surfaces
Authors: Jiang Siyu , Müller Mareike , Schönherr Holger
Published: June 2019

The selective detachment of undifferentiated human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from a thermal release coating, fabricated from a tailored poly(di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PDEGMA) homopolymer layer on gold, is reported. By exploiting the mild, thermally triggered release of iPS cell colonies in the absence of any releasing reagent, pluripotent iPS cells are shown to be selectively separated from spontaneously differentiated cells. The maintained pluripotency and high cell viability of detached and reseeded iPS cell colonies were confirmed and suggest the feasibility of a generally applicable platform approach for cell separation and purification in the context of iPS cell culture, differentiation of pathologically altered cells and normal cells, as well as isolation of different cell types derived from certain tissues, for example, from biopsies.
Multicenter‐Bond‐Based Quantum Interference in Charge Transport Through Single‐Molecule Carborane Junctions
Authors: Tang Chun , Chen Lijue , Zhang Longyi , Chen Zhixin , Li Guopeng , Yan Zhewei , Lin Luchun , Liu Junyang , Huang Longfeng , Ye Yiling , Hua Yuhui , Shi Jia , Xia Haiping , Hong Wenjing
Published: June 2019

Molecular components are vital to introduce and manipulate quantum interference (QI) in charge transport through molecular electronic devices. Up to now, the functional molecular units that show QI are mostly found in conventional π‐ and σ‐bond‐based systems; it is thus intriguing to study QI in multicenter bonding systems without both π‐ and σ‐conjugations. Now the presence of QI in multicenter‐bond‐based systems is demonstrated for the first time, through the single‐molecule conductance investigation of carborane junctions. We find that all the three connectivities in carborane frameworks show different levels of destructive QI, which leads to highly suppressed single‐molecule conductance in para‐ and meta‐connected carboranes. The investigation of QI into carboranes provides a promising platform to fabricate molecular electronic devices based on multicenter bonds.
Dehydrogenative Silylation of Alkenes for the Synthesis of Substituted Allylsilanes by Photoredox, Hydrogen‐Atom Transfer, and Cobalt Catalysis
Authors: Yu Wan‐Lei , Luo Yong‐Chun , Yan Lei , Liu Dan , Wang Zhu‐Yin , Xu Peng‐Fei
Published: June 2019

A synergistic catalytic method combining photoredox catalysis, hydrogen‐atom transfer, and proton‐reduction catalysis for the dehydrogenative silylation of alkenes was developed. With this approach, a highly concise route to substituted allylsilanes has been achieved under very mild reaction conditions without using oxidants. This transformation features good to excellent yields, operational simplicity, and high atom economy. Based on control experiments, a possible reaction mechanism is proposed.
Inhibition of HER2‐Positive Breast Cancer Growth by Blocking the HER2 Signaling Pathway with HER2‐Glycan‐Imprinted Nanoparticles
Authors: Dong Yueru , Li Wei , Gu Zikuan , Xing Rongrong , Ma Yanyan , Zhang Qi , Liu Zhen
Published: June 2019

Blocking the HER2 signaling pathway has been an effective strategy in the treatment of HER2‐positive breast cancer. It mainly relies on the use of monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine‐kinase inhibitors. Herein, we present a new strategy, the nano molecularly imprinted polymer (nanoMIP). The nanoMIPs, imprinted using HER2 N‐glycans, could bind almost all HER2 glycans and suppress the dimerization of HER2 with other HER family members, blocking the downstream signaling pathways, thereby inhibiting HER2+ breast cancer growth. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the nanoMIPs specifically targeted HER2+ cells and inhibited cell proliferation by 30 %. In vivo experiments indicated that the mean tumor volume of the nanoMIP‐treated group was only about half of that of the non‐treated groups. This study provides not only a new possibility to treat of HER2+ breast cancer but also new evidence to boost further development of nanoMIPs for cancer therapy.
NIR‐II Fluorescent Self‐Assembled Peptide Nanochain for Ultrasensitive Detection of Peritoneal Metastasis
Authors: Wen Qiuxiang , Zhang Yejun , Li Chunyan , Ling Sisi , Yang Xiaohu , Chen Guangcun , Yang Yang , Wang Qiangbin
Published: June 2019

Fluorescence‐guided cytoreductive surgery is one of the most promising approaches for facile elimination of tumors in situ, thereby improving prognosis. Reported herein is a simple strategy to construct a novel chainlike NIR‐II nanoprobe (APP‐Ag2S‐RGD) by self‐assembly of an amphiphilic peptide (APP) into a nanochain with subsequent chemical crosslinking of NIR‐II Ag2S QDs and the tumor‐targeting RGD peptide. This probe exhibits higher capability for cancer cell detection compared with that of RGD‐functionalized Ag2S QDs (Ag2S‐RGD) at the same concentration. Upon intraperitoneal injection, superior tumor‐to‐normal tissue signal ratio is achieved and non‐vascularized tiny tumor metastatic foci as small as about 0.2 mm in diameter could be facilely eliminated under NIR‐II fluorescent imaging guidance. These results clearly indicate the potential of this probe for fluorescence‐guided tumor staging, preoperative diagnosis, and intraoperative navigation.
Total Synthesis of Clavosolide A via Asymmetric Alcohol‐Mediated Carbonyl Allylation: Beyond Protecting Groups or Chiral Auxiliaries in Polyketide Construction
Authors: Cabrera James M. , Krische Michael J.
Published: June 2019

The 20‐membered marine macrodiolide clavosolide A is prepared in 7 steps (LLS) in the absence of protecting groups or chiral auxiliaries via enantioselective alcohol‐mediated carbonyl addition. In 9 prior total syntheses, 11–34 steps (LLS) were required.
Magnetic Levitation in Chemistry, Materials Science, and Biochemistry
Authors: Ge Shencheng , Nemiroski Alex , Mirica Katherine A. , Mace Charles R. , Hennek Jonathan W. , Kumar Ashok A. , Whitesides George M.
Published: June 2019

All matter has density. The recorded uses of density to characterize matter date back to as early as ca. 250 BC, when Archimedes was believed to have solved “The Puzzle of The King's Crown” using density.[1] Today, measurements of density are used to separate and characterize a range of materials (including cells and organisms), and their chemical and/or physical changes in time and space. This Review describes a density‐based technique—magnetic levitation (which we call “MagLev” for simplicity)—developed and used to solve problems in the fields of chemistry, materials science, and biochemistry. MagLev has two principal characteristics—simplicity, and applicability to a wide range of materials—that make it useful for a number of applications (for example, characterization of materials, quality control of manufactured plastic parts, self‐assembly of objects in 3D, separation of different types of biological cells, and bioanalyses). Its simplicity and breadth of applications also enable its use in low‐resource settings (for example—in economically developing regions—in evaluating water/food quality, and in diagnosing disease).
Inexpensive Hole‐Transporting Materials Derived from Tröger's Base Afford Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Braukyla Titas , Xia Rui , Daskeviciene Maryte , Malinauskas Tadas , Gruodis Alytis , Jankauskas Vygintas , Fei Zhaofu , Momblona Cristina , Roldán‐Carmona Cristina , Dyson Paul J. , Getautis Vytautas , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja
Published: June 2019

The synthesis of three enamine hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) based on Tröger's base scaffold are reported. These compounds are obtained in a three‐step facile synthesis from commercially available materials without the need of expensive catalysts, inert conditions or time‐consuming purification steps. The best performing material, HTM3, demonstrated 18.62 % PCE in PSCs, rivaling spiro‐OMeTAD in efficiency, and showing markedly superior long‐term stability in non‐encapsulated devices. In dopant‐free PSCs, HTM3 outperformed spiro‐OMeTAD by a factror of 1.6. The high glass‐transition temperature (Tg=176 °C) of HTM3 also suggests promising perspectives in device applications.
Bismuth Compounds in Radical Catalysis: Transition Metal Bismuthanes Facilitate Thermally Induced Cycloisomerizations
Authors: Ramler Jacqueline , Krummenacher Ivo , Lichtenberg Crispin
Published: June 2019

The controlled radical chemistry of bismuth compounds is still in its infancy. Further developments are fueled by the properties of these complexes (e.g., low toxicity, high functional group tolerance, low homolytic bond dissociation energies, and reversible homolytic bond dissociations), which are highly attractive for applications in synthetic chemistry. Here we report the first catalytic application of transition metal bismuthanes (i.e. compounds with a Bi–TM bond; TM=transition metal). Using the catalyzed radical cyclo‐isomerization of δ‐iodo‐olefins as a model reaction, characteristics complementary or superior to known B, Mn, Cu, Zn, Sn, and alkali metal reagents are demonstrated (including a different crucial intermediate), establishing transition metal bismuthanes as a new class of (pre‐)catalysts for controlled radical reactions.
Ag10Ti28‐Oxo Cluster Containing Single‐Atom Silver Sites: Atomic Structure and Synergistic Electronic Properties
Authors: Chen Shuai , Chen Zhe‐Ning , Fang Wei‐Hui , Zhuang Wei , Zhang Lei , Zhang Jian
Published: June 2019

Supported single‐atom catalysts have been emerging as promising materials in a variety of energy catalysis applications. However, studying the role of metal–support interactions at the molecular level remains a major challenge, primarily due to the lack of precise atomic structures. In this work, by replacing the frequently used TiO2 support with its molecular analogue, titanium‐oxo cluster (TOC), we successfully produced a new kind of Ti‐O material doped with single silver sites. The as‐obtained Ag10Ti28 cluster, containing four exposed and six embedded Ag sites, is the largest noble‐metal‐doped Ti‐O cluster reported to date. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the Ag10Ti28 core exhibits properties distinct from those of metallic Ag‐based materials. This Ti‐O material doped with single Ag sites presents a high ϵd and moderate CO binding capacity comparable to that of metallic Cu‐based catalysts, suggesting that it might display different catalytic performance from the common Ag‐based catalysts, for example, for CO2 reduction. These results prove that the synergism of active surface metal atoms and the Ti‐O cluster support result in unique physical properties, which might open a new direction for single‐atom‐included catalysts.
The Buchwald–Hartwig Amination After 25 Years
Authors: Dorel Ruth , Grugel Christian P. , Haydl Alexander M.
Published: June 2019

The Pd‐catalyzed coupling of aryl (pseudo)halides and amines is one of the most powerful approaches for the formation of C(sp2)−N bonds. The pioneering reports from Migita and subsequently Buchwald and Hartwig on the coupling of aminostannanes and aryl bromides rapidly evolved into general and practical tin‐free protocols with broad substrate scope, which led to the establishment of what is now known as the Buchwald–Hartwig amination. This Minireview summarizes the evolution of this cross‐coupling reaction over the course of the past 25 years and illustrates some of the most recent applications of this well‐established methodology.
Diglycine Enables Rapid Intrabacterial Hydrolysis for Activating Anbiotics against Gram‐negative Bacteria
Authors: Wang Jiaqing , Cooper Deani L. , Zhan Wenjun , Wu Difei , He Hongjian , Sun Shenghuan , Lovett Susan T. , Xu Bing
Published: June 2019

Antimicrobial drug resistance demands novel approaches for improving the efficacy of antibiotics, especially against Gram‐negative bacteria. Herein, we report that conjugating a diglycine (GG) to an antibiotic prodrug drastically accelerates intrabacterial ester‐bond hydrolysis required for activating the antibiotic. Specifically, the attachment of GG to chloramphenicol succinate (CLsu) generates CLsuGG, which exhibits about an order of magnitude higher inhibitory efficacy than CLsu against Escherichia coli. Further studies reveal that CLsuGG undergoes rapid hydrolysis, catalyzed by intrabacterial esterases (e.g., BioH and YjfP), to generate chloramphenicol (CL) in E. coli. Importantly, the conjugate exhibits lower cytotoxicity to bone marrow stromal cells than CL. Structural analogues of CLsuGG indicate that the conjugation of GG to an antibiotic prodrug is an effective strategy for accelerating enzymatic prodrug hydrolysis and enhancing the antibacterial efficacy of antibiotics.
Regioselective Synthesis of Fused Furans by Decarboxylative Annulation of α,β‐Alkenyl Carboxylic Acid with Cyclic Ketone: Synthesis of Di‐Heteroaryl Derivatives
Authors: Agasti Soumitra , Pal Tapas , Achar Tapas Kumar , Maiti Siddhartha , Pal Debasis , Mandal Smita , Daud Kishan , Lahiri Goutam Kumar , Maiti Debabrata
Published: June 2019

α,β‐Alkenyl carboxylic acids undergo CuII‐mediated decarboxylative annulation reactions with aliphatic cyclic ketones to provide synthetically valuable di‐heterocycles. The annulation process tolerates a variety of aliphatic ketones and heterocyclic alkenyl carboxylic acids, producing substituted fused furan derivatives with complete regioselectivity. The current protocol offers a synthetically applicable pathway to construct a variety of oligo‐heterocycles through Cu‐mediated single‐electron transfer and decarboxylation. Notably, synthesis of relatively inaccessible di‐heterocycles has been achieved successfully using this protocol.
Theory and Practice of Systemic‐Dialogical Therapy
Authors: Bertrando Paolo , Lini Claudia
Published: June 2019

Systemic‐dialogical therapy originates from an evolution of Milan systemic therapy, through a reflection on Bakhtinian dialogue and on power and knowledge dynamics in therapeutic sessions. The model considers both emergent patterns in human interaction and the dialogical nature of human exchanges in which emotions play a relevant part. Such theoretical considerations prompted the creation of specific practices, such as emotional micro‐hypothesising, considering heteroglossia in the session, dialogue with the context, finding one's place in the relational network, and fostering relational responsibility in both therapist and clients. The practice of systemic‐dialogical therapy is illustrated by a clinical case study.
Best professional practices when approaching religiosity/spirituality in psychotherapy in Brazil
Authors: Cunha Vivian Fukumasu da , Scorsolini‐Comin Fabio
Published: June 2019

The religiosity/spirituality (R/S) dimension is recognised as an important component of the concept of health advocated by the World Health Organization; however, it does not appear in the undergraduate Psychology curricula in the Brazilian context, revealing a gap in the way this theme has been covered. In order to identify the professional reality of Brazilian psychotherapists in relation to this theme, this study aimed to identify what constitutes the best professional practices when approaching R/S in psychotherapy. We interviewed 24 psychotherapists of both sexes, with a mean age of 36.43, from two medium‐sized cities of two Brazilian states. According to the interviewees, the best practices considered when addressing R/S, that is, the most appropriate actions/attitudes, are as follows: (a) Respect; (b) Knowing how to separate what is from the psychotherapist and from the patient/client; (c) Recognising the theme as an integrative dimension of the human being; (d) Knowing how to listen; (e) Questioning the role of R/S in the life of the patients/clients; (f) Knowledge about the subject matter; and (g) Not imposing knowledge, practices or doctrine. These practices were revealed as the skills, competencies and knowledge needed to deal with the subject and highlight important references to think about the theme in psychotherapy, guiding the formation of new professionals and updating practising psychotherapists.