bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary marine aerosol physical and chemical emissions during a
nutriment enrichment experiment in mesocosms in the
Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Schwier Allison N. , Sellegri Karine , Mas Sébastien , Charrière Bruno , Pey Jorge , Rose Clémence , Terminé-Roussel Brice , Jaffrezo Jean-Luc , Parin David , Picard David , Ribeiro Mickael , Roberts Greg , Sempéré Richard , Marchand Nicolas , D'Anna Barbara
Published: June 2017

Abstract. While primary marine aerosol (PMA) is an important part of global aerosol total emissions, its chemical composition and physical flux as a function of the biogeochemical properties of the seawater still remain highly uncharacterized due to the multiplicity of physical, chemical and biological parameters that are involved in the emission process. Here, nutrient enriched-mesocosms filled with Mediterranean seawater were studied over a three-week period. PMA generated from the mesocosm waters were characterized in term of chemical composition, size distribution and size segregated cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), as a function of the seawater chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration, pigment composition, virus and bacteria abundances. In all mesocosms (enriched and control mesocosms), we detected an enrichment of calcium and a deficit in chloride in the submicron PMA mass compared to the literature inorganic composition of the seawater. A positive linear correlation was found between the aerosol number concentration flux and the seawater temperature, that could be specific to the mediteranean seawater temperature and organic content. We found that the artificial phytoplankton bloom did not affect the condensation nuclei (CN) or CCN number concentration, the normalized size distribution, the CCN activation diameter or the organic fraction of the PMA compared to the control mesocosm. However, we observed correlations between the organic fraction of the Aitken mode particles and heterotrophic flagellates, viruses, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). No correlation between the particle organic fraction and Chl-a was observed, contrary to previous observations in natural bloom mesocosm experiments. We believe that this could be due to (1) different complexities compared to natural bloom systems, or (2) longer time periods needed to observe correlation trends.
Frequent Ultrafine Particle Formation and Growth in the Canadian Arctic Marine Environment
Authors: Collins Douglas B. , Burkart Julia , Chang Rachel Y.-W. , Lizotte Martine , Boivin-Rioux Aude , Blais Marjolaine , Mungall Emma L. , Boyer Matthew , Irish Victoria E. , Massé Guillaume , Kunkel Daniel , Tremblay Jean-Éric , Papakyriakou Tim , Bertram Allan K. , Bozem Heiko , Gosselin Michel , Levasseur Maurice , Abbatt Jonathan P. D.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The source strength and capability of aerosol particles in the Arctic to act as cloud condensation nuclei have important implications for understanding the indirect aerosol-cloud effect within the polar climate system. It has been shown in several Arctic regions that ultrafine particle (UFP) formation and growth is a key contributor to aerosol number concentrations during the summer. This study uses aerosol number size distribution measurements from ship-board measurement expeditions aboard the research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen in the summers of 2014 and 2016 throughout the Canadian Arctic to gain a deeper understanding of the drivers of UFP formation and growth within this marine boundary layer. UFP number concentrations (diameter > 4 nm) in the range of 101–104 cm−3 were observed across the two seasons, with concentrations greater than 103 cm−3 occurring more frequently in 2016. Higher concentrations in 2016 were associated with UFP formation and growth, with events occurring on 41 % of days, while events were only observed on 6 % of days in 2014. Assessment of relevant parameters for aerosol nucleation showed that the median condensation sink in this region was approximately 1.2 h−1 in 2016 and 2.2 h−1 in 2014, which lie at the lower end of ranges observed at even the most remote stations reported in the literature. Apparent growth rates of all observed events in both expeditions averaged 4.3 ± 4.1 nm h−1, in general agreement with other recent studies at similar latitudes. Higher solar radiation, lower cloud fractions, and lower sea ice concentrations combined with differences in the developmental stage and activity of marine microbial communities within the Canadian Arctic were documented and help explain differences between the aerosol measurements made during the 2014 and 2016 expeditions. These findings help to motivate further studies of biosphere-atmosphere interactions within the Arctic marine environment to explain the production of UFP and their growth to sizes relevant for cloud droplet activation.
Effects of model resolution and parameterizations on the simulations of clouds, precipitation, and their interactions with aerosols
Authors: Lee Seoung Soo , Li Zhanqing , Zhang Yuwei , Yoo Hyelim
Published: June 2017

Abstract. This study investigates the effects of model resolution and microphysics parameterizations on the uncertainties or errors in the simulations of clouds, precipitation, and their interactions with aerosols using the Global Forecast System (GFS) model as one of the representative numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. For this investigation, we used the GFS model results and compare them with those from the cloud-system resolving model (CSRM) simulations as benchmark simulations that adopt high resolutions and full-fledged microphysical processes. These simulations were evaluated against observations and this evaluation demonstrated that the CSRM simulations can function as benchmark simulations. Substantially lower updrafts and associated cloud variables (e.g., cloud mass and condensation) were simulated by the GFS model compared to those simulated by the CSRM. This is mainly due to the coarse resolutions in the GFS model. This indicates that the parameterizations that represent sub-grid processes in the GFS model do not work well and thus need to be improved. Results here also indicate that the use of the coarse resolution in the GFS model lowers the sensitivity of updrafts and cloud variables to increasing aerosol concentrations compared to the CSRM simulations. The parameterization of the saturation process plays an important role in the sensitivity of cloud variables to aerosol concentrations while the parameterization of the sedimentation process has a substantial impact on how cloud variables are distributed vertically. The variation in cloud variables with resolution is much greater and contributes to the discrepancy between the GFS and CSRM simulations to a much greater degree than what happens with varying microphysics parameterizations.
Changing patterns of fire occurrence in proximity to forest edges, roads and rivers between NW Amazonian countries
Authors: Armenteras Dolors , Barreto Joan Sebastian , Tabor Karyn , Molowny-Horas Roberto , Retana Javier
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Tropical forests in NW Amazonia are highly threatened by the expansion of the agricultural frontier and subsequent deforestation. Fire is used, both directly and indirectly, in Brazilian Amazonia to propagate deforestation and increase forest accessibility. Forest fragmentation, a measure of forest degradation, is also attributed to fire occurrence in the tropics. However, outside the Brazilian Legal Amazonia the role of fire in increasing accessibility and forest fragmentation is less explored. In this study, we compared fire regimes in five countries that share this tropical biome in the most north-westerly part of the Amazon Basin (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Brazil). We analysed spatial differences in the timing of peak fire activity and in relation to proximity to roads and rivers using 12 years of MODIS active fire detections. We also distinguished patterns of fire in relation to forest fragmentation by analysing fire distance to the forest edge as a measure of fragmentation for each country. We found significant hemispheric differences in peak fire occurrence with the highest number of fires in the south in 2005 vs. 2007 in the north. Despite this, both hemispheres are equally affected by fire. We also found difference in peak fire occurrence by country. Fire peaked in February in Colombia and Venezuela, whereas it peaked in September in Brazil and Peru, and finally Ecuador presented two fire peaks in January and October. We confirmed the relationship between fires and forest fragmentation for all countries and also found significant differences in the distance between the fire and the forest edge for each country. Fires were associated with roads and rivers in most countries. These results can inform land use planning at the regional, national and subnational scales to minimize the contribution of road expansion and subsequent access to the Amazonian natural resources to fire occurrence and the associated deforestation and carbon emissions.
Temporal variability of chlorophyll distribution in the Gulf of
Mexico: bio-optical data from profiling floats
Authors: Pasqueron de Fommervault Orens , Perez-Brunius Paula , Damien Pierre , Sheinbaum Julio
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Chlorophyll concentration is a key oceanic biogeochemical variable. In the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), its distribution, which is mainly obtained from satellite surface observations and scarce in situ experiments, is still poorly understood. In 2011–2012, eight profiling floats equipped with biogeochemical sensors were deployed for the first time in the GOM and generated an unprecedented dataset that significantly increased the number of chlorophyll vertical distribution measurements in the region. The analysis of these data, once calibrated, permits us to reconsider the spatial and temporal variability of the chlorophyll concentration in the water column. At a seasonal scale, results confirm the surface signal seen by satellites, presenting maximum concentrations in winter and low values in summer. It is shown that the deepening of the mixed layer depth is the primary factor triggering the chlorophyll surface increase in winter. In the GOM, current belief is that this surface increase corresponds to a biomass increase. However, the present dataset reveals a vertically integrated content of chlorophyll which remains constant throughout the year, suggesting that the surface increase results from a vertical redistribution of subsurface chlorophyll or photoacclimation processes, rather than a net increase of primary productivity. One plausible explanation for this is the decoupling between the mixed layer depth and the deep nutrient reservoir since mixed layer depth only reaches the nitracline in sporadic events in the observations. Float measurements also provide evidence that the depth and the magnitude of the deep chlorophyll maximum is strongly controlled by the mesoscale variability, with higher chlorophyll biomass generally observed in cyclones rather than anticyclones.
Ground-ice stable isotopes and cryostratigraphy reflect late Quaternary palaeoclimate in the Northeast Siberian Arctic (Oyogos Yar coast, Dmitry Laptev Strait)
Authors: Opel Thomas , Wetterich Sebastian , Meyer Hanno , Dereviagin Alexander Y. , Fuchs Margret C. , Schirrmeister Lutz
Published: June 2017

Abstract. To reconstruct palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironmental conditions in the northeast Siberian Arctic, we studied late Quaternary permafrost at the Oyogos Yar coast (Dmitry Laptev Strait). New infrared-stimulated luminescence ages for distinctive floodplain deposits of the Kuchchugui Suite (112.5 ± 9.6 kyr) and thermokarst-lake deposits of the Krest Yuryakh Suite (102.4 ± 9.7 kyr), respectively, provide new substantial geochronological data and shed light on the landscape history of the Dmitry Laptev Strait region during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5. Ground-ice stable-isotope data are presented together with cryolithological information for eight cryostratigraphic units and are complemented by data from nearby Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island. Our combined record of ice-wedge stable isotopes as a proxy for past winter climate conditions covers about 200 000 years and is supplemented by stable isotopes of pore and segregated ice which reflect annual climate conditions overprinted by freezing processes. Our ice-wedge stable-isotope data indicate substantial variations in northeast Siberian Arctic winter climate conditions during the late Quaternary, in particular between glacial and interglacial times but also over the last millennia to centuries. Stable isotope values of ice complex ice wedges indicate cold to very cold winter temperatures about 200 kyr ago (MIS7), very cold winter conditions about 100 kyr ago (MIS5), very cold to moderate winter conditions between about 60 and 30 kyr ago, and extremely cold winter temperatures during the Last Glacial Maximum (MIS2). Much warmer winter conditions are reflected by extensive thermokarst development during MIS5c and by Holocene ice-wedge stable isotopes. Modern ice-wedge stable isotopes are most enriched and testify to the recent winter warming in the Arctic. Hence, ice-wedge-based reconstructions of changes in winter climate conditions add substantial information to those derived from paleoecological proxies stored in permafrost and allow a distinction between seasonal trends of past climate dynamics. Future progress in ice-wedge dating and an improved temporal resolution of ice-wedge-derived climate information may help to fully explore the palaeoclimatic potential of ice wedges.
PeRL: a circum-Arctic Permafrost Region Pond and Lake database
Authors: Muster Sina , Roth Kurt , Langer Moritz , Lange Stephan , Cresto Aleina Fabio , Bartsch Annett , Morgenstern Anne , Grosse Guido , Jones Benjamin , Sannel A. Britta K. , Sjöberg Ylva , Günther Frank , Andresen Christian , Veremeeva Alexandra , Lindgren Prajna R. , Bouchard Frédéric , Lara Mark J. , Fortier Daniel , Charbonneau Simon , Virtanen Tarmo A. , Hugelius Gustaf , Palmtag Juri , Siewert Matthias B. , Riley William J. , Koven Charles D. , Boike Julia
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Ponds and lakes are abundant in Arctic permafrost lowlands. They play an important role in Arctic wetland ecosystems by regulating carbon, water, and energy fluxes and providing freshwater habitats. However, ponds, i.e., waterbodies with surface areas smaller than 1. 0 × 104 m2, have not been inventoried on global and regional scales. The Permafrost Region Pond and Lake (PeRL) database presents the results of a circum-Arctic effort to map ponds and lakes from modern (2002–2013) high-resolution aerial and satellite imagery with a resolution of 5 m or better. The database also includes historical imagery from 1948 to 1965 with a resolution of 6 m or better. PeRL includes 69 maps covering a wide range of environmental conditions from tundra to boreal regions and from continuous to discontinuous permafrost zones. Waterbody maps are linked to regional permafrost landscape maps which provide information on permafrost extent, ground ice volume, geology, and lithology. This paper describes waterbody classification and accuracy, and presents statistics of waterbody distribution for each site. Maps of permafrost landscapes in Alaska, Canada, and Russia are used to extrapolate waterbody statistics from the site level to regional landscape units. PeRL presents pond and lake estimates for a total area of 1. 4 × 106 km2 across the Arctic, about 17 % of the Arctic lowland ( <  300 m a.s.l.) land surface area. PeRL waterbodies with sizes of 1. 0 × 106 m2 down to 1. 0 × 102 m2 contributed up to 21 % to the total water fraction. Waterbody density ranged from 1. 0 × 10 to 9. 4 × 101 km−2. Ponds are the dominant waterbody type by number in all landscapes representing 45–99 % of the total waterbody number. The implementation of PeRL size distributions in land surface models will greatly improve the investigation and projection of surface inundation and carbon fluxes in permafrost lowlands. Waterbody maps, study area boundaries, and maps of regional permafrost landscapes including detailed metadata are available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.868349.
The MUMBA campaign: measurements of urban, marine and biogenic air
Authors: Paton-Walsh Clare , Guérette Élise-Andrée , Kubistin Dagmar , Humphries Ruhi , Wilson Stephen R. , Dominick Doreena , Galbally Ian , Buchholz Rebecca , Bhujel Mahendra , Chambers Scott , Cheng Min , Cope Martin , Davy Perry , Emmerson Kathryn , Griffith David W. T. , Griffiths Alan , Keywood Melita , Lawson Sarah , Molloy Suzie , Rea Géraldine , Selleck Paul , Shi Xue , Simmons Jack , Velazco Voltaire
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The Measurements of Urban, Marine and Biogenic Air (MUMBA) campaign took place in Wollongong, New South Wales (a small coastal city approximately 80 km south of Sydney, Australia) from 21 December 2012 to 15 February 2013. Like many Australian cities, Wollongong is surrounded by dense eucalyptus forest, so the urban airshed is heavily influenced by biogenic emissions. Instruments were deployed during MUMBA to measure the gaseous and aerosol composition of the atmosphere with the aim of providing a detailed characterisation of the complex environment of the ocean–forest–urban interface that could be used to test the skill of atmospheric models. The gases measured included ozone, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane and many of the most abundant volatile organic compounds. The aerosol characterisation included total particle counts above 3 nm, total cloud condensation nuclei counts, mass concentration, number concentration size distribution, aerosol chemical analyses and elemental analysis.The campaign captured varied meteorological conditions, including two extreme heat events, providing a potentially valuable test for models of future air quality in a warmer climate. There was also an episode when the site sampled clean marine air for many hours, providing a useful additional measure of the background concentrations of these trace gases within this poorly sampled region of the globe. In this paper we describe the campaign, the meteorology and the resulting observations of atmospheric composition in general terms in order to equip the reader with a sufficient understanding of the Wollongong regional influences to use the MUMBA datasets as a case study for testing a chemical transport model. The data are available from PANGAEA (http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.871982).
JIGSAW-GEO (1.0): locally orthogonal staggered unstructured grid generation for general circulation modelling on the sphere
Authors: Engwirda Darren
Published: June 2017

Abstract. An algorithm for the generation of non-uniform, locally orthogonal staggered unstructured spheroidal grids is described. This technique is designed to generate very high-quality staggered Voronoi–Delaunay meshes appropriate for general circulation modelling on the sphere, including applications to atmospheric simulation, ocean-modelling and numerical weather prediction. Using a recently developed Frontal-Delaunay refinement technique, a method for the construction of high-quality unstructured spheroidal Delaunay triangulations is introduced. A locally orthogonal polygonal grid, derived from the associated Voronoi diagram, is computed as the staggered dual. It is shown that use of the Frontal-Delaunay refinement technique allows for the generation of very high-quality unstructured triangulations, satisfying a priori bounds on element size and shape. Grid quality is further improved through the application of hill-climbing-type optimisation techniques. Overall, the algorithm is shown to produce grids with very high element quality and smooth grading characteristics, while imposing relatively low computational expense. A selection of uniform and non-uniform spheroidal grids appropriate for high-resolution, multi-scale general circulation modelling are presented. These grids are shown to satisfy the geometric constraints associated with contemporary unstructured C-grid-type finite-volume models, including the Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS-O). The use of user-defined mesh-spacing functions to generate smoothly graded, non-uniform grids for multi-resolution-type studies is discussed in detail.
DCMIP2016: A Review of Non-hydrostatic Dynamical Core Design and Intercomparison of Participating Models
Authors: Ullrich Paul A. , Jablonowski Christiane , Kent James , Lauritzen Peter H. , Nair Ramachandran , Reed Kevin A. , Zarzycki Colin M. , Hall David M. , Dazlich Don , Heikes Ross , Konor Celal , Randall David , Dubos Thomas , Meurdesoif Yann , Chen Xi , Harris Lucas , Kühnlein Christian , Lee Vivian , Qaddouri Abdessamad , Girard Claude , Giorgetta Marco , Reinert Daniel , Klemp Joseph , Park Sang-Hun , Skamarock William , Miura Hiroaki , Ohno Tomoki , Yoshida Ryuji , Walko Robert , Reinecke Alex , Viner Kevin
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Atmospheric dynamical cores are a fundamental component of global atmospheric modeling systems, and are responsible for capturing the dynamical behavior of the Earth's atmosphere via numerical integration of the Naviér–Stokes equations. These systems have existed in one form or another for over half of a century, with the earliest discretizations having now evolved into a complex ecosystem of algorithms and computational strategies. In essence, no two dynamical cores are alike, and their individual successes suggest that no perfect model exists. To better understand modern dynamical cores, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of eleven dynamical cores, drawn from modeling centers and groups that participated in the 2016 Dynamical Core Model Intercomparison Project (DCMIP) workshop and summer school. This review includes choice of model grid, variable placement, vertical coordinate, prognostic equations, temporal discretization, and the diffusion, stabilization, filters and fixers employed by each system.
Hydrological characterization of cave drip waters in a porous limestone: Golgotha Cave, Western Australia
Authors: Mahmud Kashif , Mariethoz Gregoire , Baker Andy , Treble Pauline C.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Cave drip water response to surface meteorological conditions is complex due to the heterogeneity of water movement in the karst unsaturated zone. Previous studies have focused on the monitoring of fractured rock limestones that have little or no primary porosity. In this study, we aim to further understand infiltration water hydrology in the Tamala Limestone of SW Australia, which is Quaternary aeolianite with primary porosity. We build on our previous studies of the Golgotha Cave system and utilize the existing spatial survey of 29 automated cave drip loggers and a LiDAR-based flow classification scheme, conducted in the two main chambers of this cave. We find that a daily sampling frequency at our cave site optimizes the capture of drip variability with least possible sampling artifacts. Most of the drip sites show persistent autocorrelation for at least a month. Drip discharge histograms are highly variable, showing sometimes multimodal distributions. Histogram skewness is shown to relate to the wetter than average 2013 hydrological year and modality is affected by seasonality. Finally, a combination of Multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) and clustering by k-means is used to classify similar drip types based on time series analysis. This clustering reveals four unique drip regimes which agree with the flow type classification of Mahmud et al. (2016) for this site. It highlights a spatial homogeneity in drip types in one cave chamber, and spatial heterogeneity in the other, which is in concordance with our understanding of cave chamber morphology and lithology. Our hydrological classification scheme with respect to mean discharge and the flow variation, can distinguish between groundwater flow types in limestones with primary porosity, and the technique could be used to characterize different karst formations when high-frequency automated drip logger data are available. We observe little difference in the Coefficient of variation (COV) between flow classification types, probably reflecting the dominance of primary porosity at this cave site, and the seasonal variations in discharge related to storage replenishment in winter followed by recession in the periods of soil moisture deficit. Moreover, we do not find any relationship between drip variability and discharge within similar flow type.
Lifetime estimate for plasma turbulence
Authors: Narita Yasuhito , Vörös Zoltán
Published: June 2017

Abstract. A method is proposed to experimentally determine the intrinsic time scale or a decay rate of turbulent fluctuations. The method is based on the assumption that the Breit-Wigner spectrum model with a non-Gaussian frequency broadening is valid in the data analysis. The decay rate estimate is applied to the multi-spacecraft magnetic field data in interplanetary space, yielding that the result that the decay rate on spatial scales of about 1000 km (about 10 times larger than the ion inertial length) is higher than the theoretical predictions from the random sweeping time scale of the eddy turnover time. The faster decay of fluctuation components in interplanetary space is interpreted as a realization of plasma physical (and not fluid mechanical) process.
Brief communication: The global signature of post-1900 land ice wastage on vertical land motion
Authors: Riva Riccardo E. M. , Frederikse Thomas , King Matt A. , Marzeion Ben , van den Broeke Michiel R.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Melting glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets have made an important contribution to sea-level rise through the last century. Self-attraction and loading effects driven by shrinking ice masses cause a spatially varying redistribution of ocean waters that affects reconstructions of past sea level from sparse observations. We model the solid-earth response to ice mass changes and find significant vertical deformation signals over large continental areas. We show how deformation rates have been strongly varying through the last century, which implies that they should be properly modelled before interpreting and extrapolating recent observations of vertical land motion and sea-level change.
Brief communication: Estimation of hydraulic properties of active
layers using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and 2D inverse
hydrological modeling
Authors: Pan Xicai , Jaumann Stefan , Zhang Jiabao , Roth Kurt
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Estimation of hydraulic properties of active layers is challenging due to the freeze-thaw effect in space and time. Provided an active layer with an undulating thawing table, monitoring of spatial soil water dynamics could provide significant information for commonly-used inverse estimation of soil hydraulic properties. In this study, we assess the feasibility of efficiently estimating soil hydraulic properties using Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) observations – soil water storage and layer thickness in conjunction with a two-dimensional hydrological model. The results of this study conceptually demonstrate that spatial and temporal observations of soil moisture in the active layer during a rain event are sufficient for inverse estimation of soil hydraulic parameters. The proposed method depends on the lateral water redistribution controlled by the undulating frost table and/or the intensity and duration of the precipitation. We suggest that this method could be used for seasonal-scale estimation of soil hydraulic properties.
Department Self-Esteem and Attitudes towards Student Evaluations of Teachers
Authors: Sharma Bhaugeerutty Vinod
Published: June 2017

Evaluation is an important part of education process at school. It plays a significant role in the development of school culture. This document deals with the terms connected with the evaluation process in teaching. It studied department self-esteem and attitudes towards student’s evaluations of teaching in Mauritian secondary schools. The aim was to examine their opinions and attitudes to evaluation. Furthermore, the researcher tried to identify variables which could be linked to positive or negative attitudes towards evaluation. After several years of teaching experiences the researcher has tried to connect educators’ attitudes towards evaluation in their classrooms, whereas other examined factors showed no significant differences in educators’ attitudes.
Multicultural Education in the US: Current Issues and Suggestions for Practical Implementations
Authors: Alghamdi Yahya
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the concept of multiculturalism in educational settings in the US. Particularly, it discusses the term multicultural education as well as some of its advantages in education. Also, this paper presents an overview of the history and key dimensions of multicultural education in the US. In addition, it presents some of the current major issues and dilemmas of multicultural education that inhibit its effectiveness in many public schools around the US. Finally, this paper provides some practical suggestions and insights for an effective implementation of a multicultural education system.
Implementation of Queue Model for Measuring the Effectiveness of Suzuki Car Maintenance
Authors: Mangkona Suriyanti Andi , Murdifin Imaduddin
Published: June 2017

Waiting on the queue system is something commonly experienced in life daily. However, actual waiting in queue system may cause discomfort for the individual and an economic cost for the company. PT. XYZ is a company providing facility Suzuki car maintenance in Makassar. The study was conducted to address the problems faced by PT. XYZ, namely: (a) Is the service available capacity is still inadequate, and (b) Does the customer need not wait a long time to receive a service. This problem was analyzed using queue theory, PT. XYZ has not been forced to increase its operating capacity, for example, be 5 Team Mechanics. The conclusion drawn on the basis, which the car does not need more time to waiting, be served. The service time is relatively short. The use of time in service activity have a fairly large proportion (98.54%) and only 1: 46% of the time spent by the customer's waiting car maintenance services. The number of cars lined up waiting for their turn in the service (Lq) and the number of cars in the system, the queue to serve plus being served (Ls) is relatively small. Likewise Old cars lined up waiting service (Wq) and Old cars are in the system, queue time plus time served (Ws). The results showed that customers can be served satisfactorily at PT. XYZ.
FORÇA MUSCULAR E FUNCIONALIDADE DO JOELHO DE IDOSAS PRATICANTES DE HIDROGINÁSTICA
Authors: De Oliveira Daniel Vicentini , Dos Santos Adriele Tarini , Antunes Mateus Dias , Do Nascimento Júnior José Roberto Andrade , Bertolini Sônia Maria Marques Gomes
Published: June 2017

Este estudo teve como objetivo relacionar a força muscular de membros inferiores com a funcionalidade do joelho de idosas praticantes de hidroginástica. Trata-se se de um estudo transversal realizado entre junho e setembro de 2016 na cidade de Maringá no Paraná. A amostra foi composta por 147 idosas praticantes de hidroginástica. Foi utilizado o teste de levantar e sentar da cadeira por 30 segundos e o questionário Cincinnati. Observou-se que as idosas apresentaram nível fraco de força muscular de membro inferior [Md = 13 (Q1 = 11; Q3 = 16)]. Verificou-se correlação significativa (p = 0,001) e moderada (r = 0,68) entre a força muscular de membros inferiores e a funcionalidade do joelho. A correlação moderada entre a força muscular de membros inferiores e a funcionalidade do joelho das idosas sugere uma importante associação entre essas variáveis.
Germination success under different treatments and pod sowing depths in six legume species present in olive groves
Authors: Siles Gema , García-Zafra Álvaro , Torres Juan A. , García-Fuentes Antonio , Ruiz-Valenzuela Luis
Published: June 2017

This study analysed the germination success of pods of six annual native legumes species: Astragalus hamosus, Medicago minima, Medicago orbicularis, Medicago polymorpha, Medicago rigidula and Scorpiurus muricatus. The use of these species has been proposed as a means of generating and improving herbaceous cover in olive groves. Germination success was studied in terms of the variability in the number of seeds germinated per pod after 18 months at two different sowing depths, on the surface (S) and buried 10 mm (B). Pods were subject to five different pre-germination treatments: chemical scarification, consisting of immersion in sulphuric acid for 15 min (S_15) and 20 min (S_20), immersion in water for 48 h (W_48), pod precooled to -18ºC for one month (P_18º) and untreated pods (Con). The results showed that the effectiveness of the different treatments and sowing depths depended on the species, and that there were no problems of ‘sibling-competition’ in any of the treatments or at any of the sowing depths. Species with larger, non-spiralled pods, such as A. hamosus or S. muricatus, or with very loosely spiralled pods such as M. orbicularis, had greater germination rates when buried, mainly in the case of untreated pods and pods that were immersed in sulphuric acid for 20 minutes.
Relationship between birth order, birth weight, colostrum intake, acquisition of passive immunity and pre-weaning mortality of piglets
Authors: Le Dividich Jean , Charneca Rui , Thomas Françoise
Published: June 2017

This study investigates the relation between birth order (BO), birth weight (BW0), colostrum intake (CI), level of passive immunity and pre-weaning mortality of piglets. The animals used were 551 cross-bred piglets [Piétrain × (Large-White × Landrace)] born from 40 sows. Colostrum immunoglobulins G (IgG) determinations were made from 17 sows. Colostrum samples were obtained at birth of the first piglet then at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 h later, and on the first-two and the last-two piglets born. Serum IgG determinations from 68 piglets were made at 2d of age and at weaning. Individual CI was estimated from body weight gain. Relative birth order (RBO) and BW0 within-litter were weakly (R2<0.05) but positively correlated (p<0.01). Colostrum intake of piglets was independent from RBO (p>0.10) but increased by 26 ± 1.6 g per 100 g increase in BW0 (p<0.001). Serum IgG concentrations of the last two born piglets were 29.5% lower (p<0.01) than the first two born at 2 d of age, and 25% (p<0.05) at weaning. They were also lower at weaning than at 2 d of age (p<0.001). Serum IgG concentrations of piglets at weaning and at 2 d of age were positively correlated (R2=0.50, p<0.001). Within-litter, CI explained 11% (p<0.01) of the variation observed in piglets’ IgG at 2d of age. Mortality of piglets was irrespective of RBO (p>0.10). It was concluded that despite last-born piglets obtained less passive immunity than first-born, they were not at higher risk of dying before weaning. Major causes of mortality were low birth weight and insufficient colostrum (energy) intake.
Sex dependent variations in craniofacial soft-tissue thicknesses estimated from MRI and CT scans: A pilot study based on Northwest Indian subjects
Authors: Kaur Kamalpreet , Sehrawat Jagmahender Singh , Bahadur Rajrshi
Published: June 2017

Craniofacial identification is a technique for prediction and recreation of life-like appearances of an individual, recreated onto an unknown skull on the basis of intricate relationship existing between underlying bony contour and the overlying soft tissues, muscles and skin. Tissue thicknesses in different population have wide variations due to disparities in nutritional, environmental or genetical factors. The physical health, nutritional status and disease activity of an individual have significant and detectable influences on both the complex anatomy of facial skeleton as well as soft tissue depths. Present study was conducted on 50 MRI and 53 CT normal scans of 64 male and 39 female Northwest Indian adult subjects who reported to radio-imaging diagnostic centres for some clinical and therapeutic reasons. Soft-tissue thickness was estimated at 33 craniofacial landmarks on both MRI and CT scans using OsiriX v 6.0.2 64 bit software and Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format images. MRI scans were found comparatively better and more reliable mean of estimating tissue depths and for sex estimations. Statistically significant sex differences were noticed in tissue depths at various craniofacial landmarks. The endocanthion was found the best sex discriminating variable from both types of scans. MRI and CT scan estimated tissue thicknesses could identify sex of 96% and 85%, subjects, respectively. Secular increase in tissue depths was observed to support the increased trend of obesity in present day population of the area when compared with similar studies conducted few decades earlier. Present study results can be a valuable adjunct for forensic anthropological facial reconstructions and experts of diverse medical disciplines.
Defining potentially preventable emergency department visits for older adults
Authors: Latham Lesley P. , Ackroyd-Stolarz Stacy
Published: June 2017

Objective: As older adults become increasingly reliant on emergency departments (EDs) for care, there is an interest in determining what types of ED visits by this population may be preventable, or amenable to other forms of care. The aim of this project was to explore the concept of preventable ED visits by older adults.Methods: We conducted a literature search to identify definitions of “preventable” or “avoidable” ED visits. We then applied a definition of preventable ED visits to an administrative data set consisting of ED visit data extracted from four sites in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Visits for patients 65 years of age or older were eligible for inclusion. Visits were categorized using triage level and discharge diagnosis.Results: Four methods of defining preventable ED visits were identified in our literature search: 1) Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSCs) (N = 7), 2) Low Acuity/low intensity visits (N = 5), 3) New York University (NYU) (Billings) Algorithm (N = 3) and 4) hospital admission vs. non-admission (N = 1). We categorized 34,454 ED visits from our dataset using a modified definition of preventable ED visits that included ACSCs (15.3%) as well as low acuity visits that required no testing or hospital admission (9.9%).Conclusions: Our results suggest that approximately 25% of ED visits by older adults may be preventable or amenable to other forms of care. This data may be useful in the planning of care delivery appropriate for the needs of this population.
How much is Teaching and Learning in Higher Education Digitized? Insights from Teacher Education
Authors: Riehemann Jens , Jucks Regina
Published: June 2017

The digital age has changed how we communicate, inform ourselves, and even how we teach and learn. This study systematically analyses and compares the perspectives of university academics (N = 75) and university students (N = 206) from the field of teacher education on digitized teaching and learning. In a between-subjects design, participants of both groups were asked for their perspectives on dealing with digital media (i.e., general assessment of digital media, use of different media types and the role of digital media in university courses). Furthermore, they were asked for their own and their anticipated perspectives of each other, in particular, their assumed advantages of using digital media in university teaching. In sum, the findings indicate that it might be fruitful for university academics and students to exchange their views on the use of digital media for teaching and learning in higher education.
Doing technology: A teaching collaboration between Fresno State and Fresno County Public Library
Authors: Pun Raymond , Xiong See , Ortega Adan , Nauk Vanna
Published: June 2017

In spring 2016, the President’s Office at California State University-Fresno (part of the California State University system) offered grant opportunities for academic departments to create a community engagement program for students interested in supporting the Fresno community at large. Known as the Touch the Community project, the program solicited proposals that focused on a community concern and on how to address this issue. Several proposals were selected and funded ($2,000) by the President’s Office for the duration of two academic semesters. Some of these grant projects involved service-learning components: building computer labs, creating ESL programs, and engaging with K–12 students.
People in the News
Authors: Galloway Ann-Christe
Published: June 2017

Appointments, Retirements, Deaths
Ukraine: Endemic Higher Education Corruption
Authors: Denisova-Schmidt Elena , Prytula Yaroslav
Published: June 2017

Based on a survey conducted among 600 students at selected public universities in Lviv, one of the largest Ukrainian cities, this contribution explores the determinants of several forms of student academic dishonesty and provides insights as to which groups of students are more likely to engage in either monetary or nonmonetary corruption.
United States, Europe, and Asia: Diversity in Nobel Prize-Winning Affiliations
Authors: Schlagberger Elisabeth Maria , Bornmann Lutz , Bauer Johann
Published: June 2017

In 2014, the authors examined all 155 Nobel laureates of the preceding 21 years in physics, chemistry, and physiology/medicine and published the results in the journal Scientometrics. Recently, they extended the analysis to Nobel laureates from 1994 to 2016 (n=170). They focused particularly on the institutions (and countries) the Nobel laureates were affiliated with when they made their decisive research for the prize. They also examined when the Nobel laureates obtained their PhD/M.D. and when the Nobel Prize was awarded.
Reframing Global Engagement
Authors: Van der Wende Marijk
Published: June 2017

Globalization has strongly influenced higher education during the last decades. As in many other sectors, this has generated contradictory outcomes. Higher education has opened up to the world and become more engaged at the global level. But how will this process continue with the current backlash against globalization in Europe and the United States, and what will be the impact of other major geopolitical trends such as the rise of China?
Higher Education, Student Health, and Obesity in Developing Countries
Authors: Taylor Caitriona
Published: June 2017

A dichotomy exists in obesity rates and physical health factors, between similarly situated population groups in developed and developing nations.  Positive correlations between higher education levels and obesity in the developed world may not be mirrored in the developing world.  Using Egypt as a case study, this paper argues that higher education institutions in developing countries need to be a driving force in creating a cultural of health among their student populations, through increasing access to and participation in physical activity.
Transcriptional networks specifying homeostatic and inflammatory programs of gene expression in human aortic endothelial cells
Authors: Hogan Nicholas T , Whalen Michael B , Stolze Lindsey K , Hadeli Nizar K , Lam Michael T , Springstead James R , Glass Christopher K , Romanoski Casey E
Published: June 2017

Endothelial cells (ECs) are critical determinants of vascular homeostasis and inflammation, but transcriptional mechanisms specifying their identities and functional states remain poorly understood. Here, we report a genome-wide assessment of regulatory landscapes of primary human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) under basal and activated conditions, enabling inference of transcription factor networks that direct homeostatic and pro-inflammatory programs. We demonstrate that 43% of detected enhancers are EC-specific and contain SNPs associated to cardiovascular disease and hypertension. We provide evidence that AP1, ETS, and GATA transcription factors play key roles in HAEC transcription by co-binding enhancers associated with EC-specific genes. We further demonstrate that exposure of HAECs to oxidized phospholipids or pro-inflammatory cytokines results in signal-specific alterations in enhancer landscapes and associate with coordinated binding of CEBPD, IRF1, and NFκB. Collectively, these findings identify cis-regulatory elements and corresponding trans-acting factors that contribute to EC identity and their specific responses to pro-inflammatory stimuli.
Mice deficient of Myc super-enhancer region reveal differential control mechanism between normal and pathological growth
Authors: Dave Kashyap , Sur Inderpreet , Yan Jian , Zhang Jilin , Kaasinen Eevi , Zhong Fan , Blaas Leander , Li Xiaoze , Kharazi Shabnam , Gustafsson Charlotte , De Paepe Ayla , Månsson Robert , Taipale Jussi
Published: June 2017

The gene desert upstream of the MYC oncogene on chromosome 8q24 contains susceptibility loci for several major forms of human cancer. The region shows high conservation between human and mouse and contains multiple MYC enhancers that are activated in tumor cells. However, the role of this region in normal development has not been addressed. Here we show that a 538 kb deletion of the entire MYC upstream super-enhancer region in mice results in 50% to 80% decrease in Myc expression in multiple tissues. The mice are viable and show no overt phenotype. However, they are resistant to tumorigenesis, and most normal cells isolated from them grow slowly in culture. These results reveal that only cells whose MYC activity is increased by serum or oncogenic driver mutations depend on the 8q24 super-enhancer region, and indicate that targeting the activity of this element is a promising strategy of cancer chemoprevention and therapy.
Epistatic mutations in PUMA BH3 drive an alternate binding mode to potently and selectively inhibit anti-apoptotic Bfl-1
Authors: Jenson Justin M , Ryan Jeremy A , Grant Robert A , Letai Anthony , Keating Amy E
Published: June 2017

Overexpression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins contributes to cancer progression and confers resistance to chemotherapy. Small molecules that target Bcl-2 are used in the clinic to treat leukemia, but tight and selective inhibitors are not available for Bcl-2 paralog Bfl-1. Guided by computational analysis, we designed variants of the native BH3 motif PUMA that are > 150-fold selective for Bfl-1 binding. The designed peptides potently trigger disruption of the mitochondrial outer membrane in cells dependent on Bfl-1, but not in cells dependent on other anti-apoptotic homologs. High-resolution crystal structures show that designed peptide FS2 binds Bfl-1 in a shifted geometry, relative to PUMA and other binding partners, due to a set of epistatic mutations. FS2 modified with an electrophile reacts with a cysteine near the peptide-binding groove to augment specificity. Designed Bfl-1 binders provide reagents for cellular profiling and leads for developing enhanced and cell-permeable peptide or small-molecule inhibitors.
Crosstalk within a functional INO80 complex dimer regulates nucleosome sliding
Authors: Willhoft Oliver , McCormack Elizabeth A , Aramayo Ricardo J , Bythell-Douglas Rohan , Ocloo Lorraine , Zhang Xiaodong , Wigley Dale B
Published: June 2017

Several chromatin remodellers have the ability to space nucleosomes on DNA. For ISWI remodellers, this involves an interplay between H4 histone tails, the AutoN and NegC motifs of the motor domains that together regulate ATPase activity and sense the length of DNA flanking the nucleosome. By contrast, the INO80 complex also spaces nucleosomes but is not regulated by H4 tails and lacks the AutoN and NegC motifs. Instead nucleosome sliding requires cooperativity between two INO80 complexes that monitor DNA length simultaneously on either side of the nucleosome during sliding. The C-terminal domain of the human Ino80 subunit (Ino80CTD) binds cooperatively to DNA and dimerisation of these domains provides crosstalk between complexes. ATPase activity, rather than being regulated, instead gradually becomes uncoupled as nucleosome sliding reaches an end point and this is controlled by the Ino80CTD. A single active ATPase motor within the dimer is sufficient for sliding.