bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A numerical analysis of Ephedra L. based on reproductive features
Authors: Yang Yong
Published: June 2013

A numerical analysis of Ephedra L. was conducted based on 29 characters of reproductive organs. The results indicate that species are not grouped according to their geographic ranges, sect. Alatae is in one group, sect. Asarca excluding E. cutleri and E. viridis consists of a Eu-asarca group while sect. Ephedra plus E. cutleri and E. viridis of the traditional sect. Asarca make up a third expanded Ephedra group. The Old World sect. Monospermae including E. rhytidosperma, E. equisetina, E. nebrodensis, E. monosperma and E. procera was rediscovered in this study while those Himalayan endemic species (e.g. E. minuta, E. likiangensis, E. saxatilis, E. dawuensis and E. gerardiana) used to be grouped in the Old World sect. Monospermae are clustered together with sect. Scandentes including E. foeminea, E. ciliata, E. altissima and E. fragilis. This study further confirms that the adaptive seed dispersal syndromes of sect. Asarca have originated for not only once. Some new features are introduced as related to dispersal, e.g. weight and size of seeds, and nature and thickness of the outer envelope.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v20i1.15464Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 20(1): 51-60, 2013 (June)
The Impact of Precaution and Practice on the Performance of a Risky Motor Task
Authors: Keren Hila , Boyer Pascal , Mort Joel , Eilam David
Published: June 2013

The association between threat perception and motor execution, mediated by evolved precaution systems, often results in ritual-like behavior, including many idiosyncratic acts that seem irrelevant to the task at hand. This study tested the hypothesis that threat-detection during performance of a risky motor task would result in idiosyncratic activity that is not necessary for task completion. We asked biology students to follow a particular set of instructions in mixing three solutions labeled “bio-hazardous” and then repeat this operation with “non-hazardous” substances (or vice versa). We observed a longer duration of the overall performance, a greater repertoire of acts, longer maximal act duration, and longer mean duration of acts in the “risky” task when it was performed before the “non-risky” task. Some, but not all, of these differences were eliminated when a “non-risky” task preceded the “risky” one. The increased performance of idiosyncratic unnecessary activity is in accordance with the working hypothesis of the present study: ritualized idiosyncratic activities are performed in response to a real or illusionary threat, as a means to alleviate anxiety.
The Utility of Image-Based Point Clouds for Forest Inventory: A Comparison with Airborne Laser Scanning
Authors: White Joanne , Wulder Michael , Vastaranta Mikko , Coops Nicholas , Pitt Doug , Woods Murray
Published: June 2013

Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS), also known as Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) enables an accurate three-dimensional characterization of vertical forest structure. ALS has proven to be an information-rich asset for forest managers, enabling the generation of highly detailed bare earth digital elevation models (DEMs) as well as estimation of a range of forest inventory attributes (including height, basal area, and volume). Recently, there has been increasing interest in the advanced processing of high spatial resolution digital airborne imagery to generate image-based point clouds, from which vertical information with similarities to ALS can be produced. Digital airborne imagery is typically less costly to acquire than ALS, is well understood by inventory practitioners, and in addition to enabling the derivation of height information, allows for visual interpretation of attributes that are currently problematic to estimate from ALS (such as species, health status, and maturity). At present, there are two limiting factors associated with the use of image-based point clouds. First, a DEM is required to normalize the image-based point cloud heights to aboveground heights; however DEMs with sufficient spatial resolution and vertical accuracy, particularly in forested areas, are usually only available from ALS data. The use of image-based point clouds may therefore be limited to those forest areas that already have an ALS-derived DEM. Second, image-based point clouds primarily characterize the outer envelope of the forest canopy, whereas ALS pulses penetrate the canopy and provide information on sub-canopy forest structure. The impact of these limiting factors on the estimation of forest inventory attributes has not been extensively researched and is not yet well understood. In this paper, we review the key similarities and differences between ALS data and image-based point clouds, summarize the results of current research related to the comparative use of these data for forest inventory attribute estimation, and highlight some outstanding research questions that should be addressed before any definitive recommendation can be made regarding the use of image-based point clouds for this application.
Up-Regulation of microRNA* Strands by Their Target Transcripts
Authors: Kang Sung-Min , Choi Ji-Woong , Hong Su-Hyung , Lee Heon-Jin
Published: June 2013

During microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis, one strand of a 21–23 nucleotide RNA duplex is preferentially selected for entry into an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The other strand, known as the miRNA* species, is typically thought to be degraded. Previous studies have provided miRNA* selection models, but it remains unclear how the dominance of one arm arises during the biogenesis of miRNA. Using miRNA sponge-like methods, we cloned four tandem target sequences (artificial target) of miR-7b* and then measured miR-7b* expression levels after transfection of the artificial target. miR-7b* levels were found to significantly increase after transfection of the artificial target. We postulate that the abundance of target transcripts drives miRNA arm selection.
The Intertwining of Transposable Elements and Non-Coding RNAs
Authors: Hadjiargyrou Michael , Delihas Nicholas
Published: June 2013

Growing evidence shows a close association of transposable elements (TE) with non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), and a significant number of small ncRNAs originate from TEs. Further, ncRNAs linked with TE sequences participate in a wide-range of regulatory functions. Alu elements in particular are critical players in gene regulation and molecular pathways. Alu sequences embedded in both long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) and mRNAs form the basis of targeted mRNA decay via short imperfect base-pairing. Imperfect pairing is prominent in most ncRNA/target RNA interactions and found throughout all biological kingdoms. The piRNA-Piwi complex is multifunctional, but plays a major role in protection against invasion by transposons. This is an RNA-based genetic immune system similar to the one found in prokaryotes, the CRISPR system. Thousands of long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) are associated with endogenous retrovirus LTR transposable elements in human cells. These TEs can provide regulatory signals for lincRNA genes. A surprisingly large number of long circular ncRNAs have been discovered in human fibroblasts. These serve as “sponges” for miRNAs. Alu sequences, encoded in introns that flank exons are proposed to participate in RNA circularization via Alu/Alu base-pairing. Diseases are increasingly found to have a TE/ncRNA etiology. A single point mutation in a SINE/Alu sequence in a human long non-coding RNA leads to brainstem atrophy and death. On the other hand, genomic clusters of repeat sequences as well as lncRNAs function in epigenetic regulation. Some clusters are unstable, which can lead to formation of diseases such as facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. The future may hold more surprises regarding diseases associated with ncRNAs andTEs.
Cross-sectional area and mean echogenicity of shoulder and elbow tendons in adult German Shepherd dogs
Authors: Loprete G. , Musella V. , Britti D. , Vilar J. M. , Spinella G.
Published: June 2013

The aim of this study was to describe the cross-sectional area and mean echogenicity of the main tendons of the shoulder and elbow joints in adult German Shepherd dogs and to determine the effects of sex, weight, and age on these parameters. No previous publications in the veterinary literature have reported information regarding quantitative ultrasonographic tendon measurements in dogs.

Thirty German Shepherd dogs were examined: 13 males and 17 females. The cross-sectional area was significantly higher in males than in females (p <0.05) for the distal tendon of the triceps brachii muscle and the tendons of the flexor carpi ulnaris and common digital extensor muscles. The influence of sex on mean echogenicity was not significant. According to age, mean echogenicity was higher in older dogs, while the cross-sectional areas were similar in the two groups. Cross-sectional area and mean echogenicity of the tendons showed a direct increase with an increase in body weight. The data gained from this study can help support the clinician to discriminate between normal and pathological conditions.
Handling of the tibial muscle envelope in tibial plateau levelling osteotomy - to elevate or not?
Authors: Edwards M. R. , Nelson N. C. , von Pfeil D. J. F.
Published: June 2013

Objective: To compare the outcome of the tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) procedure, using a 6-hole 3.5 mm locking TPLO plate and performed with the muscle elevation technique (ET) and placement of sponges, to the TPLO without performing these steps (non-elevation-technique [NET]).

Material and methods: Medical records and radiographs of dogs with ET (n = 21) or NET (n = 19) were retrospectively reviewed. Signalment, TPLO procedure side, meniscal treatment, surgery time, haemorrhage, preand postoperative tibial plateau angle, assistant, amount of rehabilitation, bone healing (cortical, osteotomy, combined healing scores), complications, limb function, recovery time and follow-up were recorded and analysed using multivariate analysis. A value of p <0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Surgery time was significantly shorter with the NET (68.5 min ± 3.4) than with the ET (87.8 min ± 3.4) (p <0.01). No significant differences were detected for all other evaluated factors. Soft tissue trauma was minimal and none of the dogs suffered severe haemorrhage. The bone healing scores with the NET and the ET were not significantly different (p = 0.1, p = 0.2, p = 0.1). Complications were rare, minor and not significantly different between groups (p = 0.73).

Clinical relevance: The results of this in vivo study indicate that NET is a feasible technique that can be considered for the clinical setting.
LEADERSHIP SELECTION IN AN UNLIMITED THREE-ECHELON SUPPLY CHAIN
Authors: Jia Peng , Mahdiraji Hannan Amoozad , Govindan Kannan , Meidutė Ieva
Published: June 2013

Supply chain (SC) management aims to increase the overall profit through improvement of various activities and components. Many contradictions between parts and different levels of a SC have been identified in order to achieve overall objectives. Such shortfalls may result in decreased strength and competitiveness of the SC. This paper considers the main conflicts related to inventory, pricing and marketing costs in an unlimited three-echelon supply chain. Aimed at avoiding a profit decrease, the research focuses on finding an equilibrium between inventory, pricing and marketing cost of an unlimited three-echelon SC. On each level, the best leadership option with the greatest payoff is sought for between K retailer, M manufacturer and S supplier. According to Stackelberg non-cooperative game theory, each SC level can become a decision-making leader depending on the available negotiating power. Consequently, three leadership types are modelled on each level and the total SC profit is calculated and compared to ascertain the best option. The authors of the article found that transfer of leadership from a retailer to supplier results in reduction of the total profit. In addition, the research focused on the main effects of parameters used in leadership models. Finally, validation of the proposed model was examined by simulation and Arena software, which indicated that models based on a game theory were performed accurately.
Randomized Study of Asunaprevir plus Pegylated Interferon-α and Ribavirin for Previously Untreated Genotype 1 Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Bronowicki Jean-Pierre , Pol Stanislas , Thuluvath Paul J , Larrey Dominique , Martorell Claudia T , Rustgi Vinod K , Morris David W , Younes Ziad , Fried Michael W , Bourlière Marc , Hézode Christophe , Reddy K Rajender , Massoud Omar , Abrams Gary A , Ratziu Vlad , He Bing , Eley Timothy , Ahmad Alaa , Cohen David , Hindes Robert , McPhee Fiona , Reilly Bridget , Mendez Patricia , Hughes Eric
Published: June 2013

Background

Asunaprevir is a selective NS3 protease inhibitor with in vitro activity against HCV genotypes 1 and 4.

Methods

In this Phase IIa double-blind study, treatment-naive HCV genotype-1-infected patients in the United States and France were randomly assigned 1:1:1:1 to placebo or asunaprevir 200 mg twice daily, 600 mg twice daily or 600 mg once daily in combination with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)-α2a and ribavirin for 48 weeks. The primary efficacy end point was undetectable HCV RNA at weeks 4 and 12 (extended rapid virological response [eRVR]). Other end points included safety and undetectable HCV RNA at 24 weeks post-treatment (24-week sustained virological response [SVR24]).

Results

A total of 47 patients were randomized and treated. eRVR was achieved by 75% (9/12), 75% (9/12) and 92% (11/12) of patients in the asunaprevir 200 mg twice-daily, 600 mg twice-daily and 600 mg once-daily groups, respectively, versus 0% (0/11) in the placebo group. Corresponding SVR24 rates were 83% (10/12), 83% (10/12) and 92% (11/12) in the asunaprevir groups and 46% (5/11) in the placebo group. There was no virological breakthrough in any asunaprevir group. Following the 12-week analysis, the 600 mg doses were reduced to 200 mg twice daily because of a greater frequency of transaminase elevations at the 600 mg dose. The most common grade 3–4 laboratory abnormalities were consistent with those reported for PEG-IFN and ribavirin.

Conclusions

Asunaprevir plus PEG-IFN and ribavirin achieved higher response rates than placebo plus PEG-IFN and ribavirin, with a tolerable adverse event profile at the 200 mg twice-daily dose. This dose is being evaluated in the Phase IIb and Phase III studies.
Co-construction et processus d'étiquetage de la déviance en milieu scolaire
Authors: Depoilly Séverine
Published: June 2013

Pour cet article, à partir d’une observation des moments d’interaction au cours desquels, les élèves, filles comme garçons, sont invités par un ou plusieurs agents scolaires (CPE, un ou des enseignants, chef d’établissement) à rendre compte de leurs attitudes de transgression de l’ordre scolaire, nous nous proposons d’éclairer les processus de co-construction de la déviance scolaire par l’analyse des logiques qui conduisent à l’étiquetage de certains actes et de certains élèves comme déviants.
Ambiguïté, identification partielle et politique environnementale
Authors: Galichon Alfred , Henry Marc
Published: June 2013

Cet article illustre le lien entre identification partielle dans les modèles économétriques et critère de décision de Jaffray dans l’incertain non probabilisé à travers le problème du choix de niveau optimal d’émissions toxiques dans un lac partagé entre deux communes.
Le palais des ombres
Authors: Wiener Élise
Published: June 2013

Cet article propose d’analyser la manière dont, depuis le Romantisme, la ruine fonctionne de manière paradigmatique dans les théories de la représentation. La conception romantique, pour laquelle le passage du réel à sa représentation s’effectue sur le mode de la réduction et de la perte, se trouve bouleversée par l’invention de la photographie en 1839. L’ontologie de l’image photographique, qui tresse présence et absence, inscription et retrait, être et non-être, retourne les catégories de la ruine. À la ruine romantique, trace d’une origine perdue, succède une ruine à travers laquelle la trace fait signe vers une absence d’origine. Les modalités de la trace – inscription de l’ombre du passé dans le présent, hantise des lieux, mémoire tissée par l’oubli, être fondé par le non-être – s’inscrivent au cœur de la structure narrative des romans de Patrick Modiano, et dénotent une certaine forme de rapport contemporain au réel.
Poétique de la ruine et imaginaire géographique dans les Voyages extraordinaires de Jules Verne
Authors: Dupuy Lionel
Published: June 2013

Les Voyages extraordinaires de Jules Verne sont des récits romanesques où régulièrement des ruines sont mises en scène, qu’elles soient réelles et/ou imaginaires. Or le statut de ces ruines diffère d’abord selon qu’elles sont produites par l’homme ou par la nature, autrement dit le temps qui passe. Elles constituent ensuite un support métaphorique qui permet de souligner la beauté des paysages observés, dans des régions inconnues où s’exprime une autre dialectique de l’espace et du temps. Elles constituent enfin autant de portes d’entrée vers des mondes parallèles auxquels on accède souvent après une longue descente – au centre de la terre, au fond des océans –, illustrant ainsi un des principaux schèmes analysés par Gilbert Durand dans son ouvrage consacré aux Structures anthropologiques de l’imaginaire .
L'imaginaire de la ruine dans la littérature contemporaine : l'exemple de The Road de Cormac McCarthy
Authors: Boulard Anaïs
Published: June 2013

Le thème du monde après sa fin est majeur dans le roman contemporain de Cormac McCarthy, The Road . De ce fait, cette fiction de 2006 peut être vue comme post-apocalyptique, c’est-à-dire qu’elle se situe temporellement et spatialement non plus dans l’angoisse eschatologique, mais dans le monde qui succède à un événement catastrophique annihilateur. Cet univers fictif est de ce fait dominé par l’imaginaire de la ruine. Cette étude s’interroge sur les modalités de l’écriture d’un tel imaginaire dans un roman contemporain. Elle constate la déclinaison du thème de la ruine sur différents plans : la ruine y est effectivement écologique, répondant à une esthétique du chaos, mais elle est également sémantique en ce qu’elle est à la fois ce qui reste d’un passé disparu et la seule survivante d’un nouveau monde stérile. L’étude comprend que le développement de l’imaginaire de la ruine est – en plus de l’expression d’une inquiétude contemporaine – le moyen d’une domination de celle-ci.
La maison Bulle six coques : une bien mauvaise ruine
Authors: Bougourd Caroline
Published: June 2013

La maison préfabriquée est un cas d’étude intéressant et souvent paradoxal. Produite comme un objet industriel mais en même temps répondant à des exigences propres à l’architecture, peut-elle accéder à l’imaginaire de la ruine ou l’arrêt de son utilisation marque-t-elle son passage au statut de déchet ? Au travers de l’analyse de différentes opérations de traductions – artistique, muséale, patrimoniale, commerciale – de la maison Bulle six coques de Jean Benjamin Maneval, l’objectif de cet article est de rendre compte de l’impossible devenir-ruine d’un tel objet.
Characterization of the Plastic Behaviour of AA6016-T4 Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Paraianu Liana , Banabic Dorel
Published: June 2013

The current trend in the automotive industry consists in decreasing the weight of the car body to reduce the fuel consumption and the air pollution. This can be done by using low-density materials such as the aluminium alloys having good formability. A frequently used aluminium alloy in the manufacturing of the car body components is AA6016-T4. The paper presents a full mechanical characterization of this material with 1 mm thickness. The investigation starts by performing tensile tests on specimens cut at 0o, 45o and 90o from the rolling direction. For each direction, the yield stress and the anisotropy coefficients are determined. The mechanical parameters of the Hollomon hardening law are determined using the experimental data obtained on samples cut along the rolling direction. Besides the uniaxial parameters, the equibiaxial yield stress and the equibiaxial coefficient of anisotropy are determined by performing bulge tests and compression tests, respectively. The yield surface is characterized in the first quadrant not only by the uniaxial and equibiaxial yield stresses but also by the yield stresses associated to the plane strain status. An experimental strategy for determining the plane strain parameters based on bulge tests is described in the paper. The characterization of the AA6016-T4 aluminium alloy ends with the determination of the forming limit diagram. The tests used for determining the limit strains are the punch stretching and hydraulic bulging.
Imagistic Evaluation of the Orthodontics Interfaces
Authors: Sinescu Cosmin , Manescu Adrian , Negrutiu Meda Lavinia , Rominu Mihai , Marşavina Liviu , Giuliani Alessandra , Podoleanu Adrian Gh.
Published: June 2013

In orthodontics, the scientific interest regarding adhesion is focused on optimizing adherents: metallic or aesthetic bracket base conditioning, creating aesthetic brackets with improved mechanical properties, enamel conditioning and artificial surface conditioning (aesthetic veneers and crowns). In order to investigate the interfaces between adherents there are several invasive (destructive) methods such as tensile bond strength tests, shear bond strength tests and microleakage tests.
Activated Carbon in Environment Pollution Abatement Based on Microwave Catalysis Technology
Authors: Li Chun Jing , Li Yan , Zhang He , Tian Li Ying , Lv Jing
Published: June 2013

The application of microwave catalysis technology in environment pollution abatement has developed fast in recent years. This paper will primarily introduce the fundamental of microwave catalysis reaction, microwave induced reduction of SO2 and NOx and acid gas pollutants abatement, microwave induced oxidation and organic pollutants removal, microwave induced catalytic reduction and photosynthesis simulation and other technological methods closely related with environment pollution abatement.
Design of Electrical Impedance Tomography System Based on Layer Stripping Process
Authors: Ping Sun , Jiang Hai Long
Published: June 2013

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive technique for imaging the conductivity distribution of a body section. The EIT technique has several potential advantages over the current imaging methods. In order to improve the image quality, A layer stripping process algorithm for electrical impedance tomography in the two-dimensional (2-D), finite element method is used to solve the forward problem numerically. New results of a reconstruction of a numerically simulated phantom chest are presented. In the paper the EIT system is proposed to expand the measurement sites, which is composed of 3 subsystems, rotary scheme, switches network and measurement system. These results of a reconstruction of a numerically simulated phantom chest, several of the clinical applications include monitoring heart and lung function, diagnosis of pulmonary embolus, diagnosis of pulmonary edema, monitoring for internal bleeding, and the early detection of breast cancer.
Research and Implementation of an Internet-Based Simulation Platform for Remote Devices Control
Authors: Liu Dian Ting , Chen Xiao Xiong
Published: June 2013

Based on the needs of remote control system of equipments for networked manufacturing, a kind of simulation platform of remote control for devices based on Internet is studied in this paper, in which the control signal from the controller to the object controlled and the feedback signal from the sensor to the controller are both transferred via Internet. In this simulation platform, the software by which the function of client-side is accomplished and that of server-side are both designed by the tool of VC++, and the value of control signal is calculated by the tool of MATALB, and the function of data communication is realized by network programming technology of Winsock and interface technology between VC++ and MATLAB, the simulation output is achieved by the MATLAB program in the client-side. The results when the simulation platform is running validate its feasibility and correctness, and it can be widely applied in actual production process monitoring after the practical object is added.
Delay-Dependent Asymptotical Stabilization Criterion of Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Rajchakit Grienggrai
Published: June 2013

This paper deals with the problem of delay-dependent stability criterion of discrete-time recurrent neural networks with time-varying delays. Based on quadratic Lyapunov functional approach and free-weighting matrix approach, some linear matrix inequality criteria are found to guarantee delay-dependent asymptotical stability of these systems. And one example illustrates the exactness of the proposed criteria.
Optimization Model for Fire Station Location Based on GIS and Python: A Case Study in North Cyprus
Authors: Kazemi Mahdi , Kunt Mehmet M. , Aghayan Iman , Larijani Reza Jalali
Published: June 2013

In this paper, the location selection process related to fire stations in Famagusta city is enhanced by applying Quantum Geographic Information Systems (QGIS) and Python programming language. This procedure leads to obtaining the optimum emergency service location based on the minimization of response time. This study aims to commence service coverage modeling in a consistent demand region, with road availability considerations. In addition, this study focuses on the capability of GIS to create service areas by means of the travel time regions in a facility location model. Another purpose of this research is to maximize the overall service area of the determined number of facilities and to state the capability of GIS for establishing the suitable service areas of fire stations in Famagusta city so as to achievie a maximal overall service area from a specific fire station facility to other locations. The best location for only one fire station is determined which is placed around the signalized intersection joining Mustafa Kemal Boulevard and Topçular Boulevard in Famagusta (node 230).
The Practicability of Pluralistic Nr-E-V Distribution and a Comparison of it with Singular Statistical Distribution
Authors: Hui Zhi Xin
Published: June 2013

This paper, based on the maximum entropy and conditional extremum, deals with the practicability of Nr-E-V distribution of the pluralistic single-phase system. Whats more, in the paper other kinds of distributions formulas of probability and partition function have been derived from Nr-E-V distribution. Finally, the thermodynamics function of partition function, internal energy, entropy and pressure of E distribution are derived from the example of pluralistic ideal gas composed of single-atomic molecule.
The Gradual Optimization of Grounding Grip Corrosion Rate Forecasting Model
Authors: Yan Ai Jun , Du Jing Yi , Liu Rui , Li Na , Tang Xiao Hua , Liu Lei , Li Zhi Zhong
Published: June 2013

A forecasting model of the gradual optimization algorithm is established to predict substation grounding grip corrosion rate. In this model, according to the “Over Fitting” phenomenon in the neural network limited soil corrosion sample data are randomly combined and the training stops when the training error and validation error are equal. The model of smaller errors will be chosen as the optimal model. As shown in the simulation, the general performance and fitting accuracy from the forecasting model meet requirements.
New Methodology for the Optimization of the Management of Wind Farms, Including Energy Storage
Authors: Dufo-López Rodolfo , Bernal-Agustín José Luis , Monteiro Cláudio
Published: June 2013

Storing energy on wind farms could improve the power generation curve, avoiding the problems associated with abrupt variations and the random nature of wind power. New batteries such as flow batteries or NaS batteries are suitable to be used in storing energy on wind farms in intervals of some hours. A new methodology for the optimization of the management of wind farms, including energy storage, is shown. The objective is to maximize the benefits of selling electricity to the grid within 24 hours. The genetic algorithm technique was used for the optimization.
Eddy Current Stimulated Thermography and its Applications
Authors: Yang Sui Xian , Leng Chun Hu , Zeng Jin Jing , Yi Xiang Xiang , Wu Dan
Published: June 2013

Eddy current stimulated thermography is one of the advanced nondestructive testing (NDT) methods, which integrates eddy current and thermography together to take advantages of two typical NDT techniques. The theoretical basis of eddy current stimulated thermography was discussed first. After that, the experiment system was introduced in detail, including the system structure, coil design and selection of test parameters. Experiment and simulation results were presented. The infra-red (IR) images obtained by experiment and the temperature distribution images captured with simulation study were analyzed using feature extraction. The features of the IR images and the simulation images show that eddy current stimulated thermography could be applied to identify and diagnose damage of metal component. The probability of application of eddy current stimulated thermography was discussed as well.
Prediction of Surface Roughness for Periodic End Mill Tool Holder
Authors: Hadi Yaser
Published: June 2013

This study presents a new approach of localization for an elastic periodic cutting tool holder of milling machine. The paper presents a study of the factorial design application to optimize surface quality in end milling operation. Maintaining good surface quality usually involves additional manufacturing cost or loss of productivity. Therefore, mathematical model using Matlab which is feasible and applicable in prediction of surface roughness is developed. Proper setting of cutting parameter is important to obtain better surface roughness. Spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut have been chosen as predictors in order to predict surface roughness. 16 samples were run by using Emco CNC Milling machine tool. The predicted surface roughness has been obtained by using average percentage error method. A numerical model that describes the structure of the periodic holder is developed. The approximate values of periodic holder model versus to straight are plotted. The results from this research are useful to be implemented in industry to reduce time and cost in surface roughness (response) prediction.
Magneto-Optic Microscope Technology for Nondestructive Testing
Authors: Cheng Yu Hua , Liu Xing Make , Bai Li Bing , Tian Gui Yun
Published: June 2013

Nondestructive testing (NDT) is becoming more and more important nowadays, visual nondestructive testing (VNDT) such as imaging instead of traditional testing methods becomes popular and highly demanded, which makes it possible to see the internal state of objects visually. The magneto-optic (MO) microscope technology for nondestructive testing is detailedly introduced in this paper, include two different MO imaging system to test the buried subsurface defects in metallic and magnetic specimens.
Vibration Analysis of the Solar Car Frame
Authors: Liu Xuan Zuo , Wang Hui Min , Zhang Yu Long , Zhang Fei , Zhou Ji Kai
Published: June 2013

As a new type of automobile, solar cars lack the data of relevant assemblies. The frame requirements of solar cars are also different from the traditional ones. In this paper, a specific analysis of the vibration characteristics of the solar car's frame has been made, and an improvement is carried out to ensure the comfort and handling stability. It provides a theoretical basis for the study of the solar car.
A Quantitative Model of Wear Loss Based on On-Line Visual Ferrograph
Authors: Wang Chun Hui , Yuan Wei , Dong Guang Neng , Mao Jun Hong
Published: June 2013

On-line visual ferrograph (OLVF) is an efficient and real-time condition monitoring device. From the point of flow conservation, on the basis of the particle coverage area data collected by OLVF, this paper deduced two models about wear loss of the tribo-pairs in the wear process, one is general mathematical (GM) model including distribution impact factor of wear particle, and other simplified GM (SGM) model which does not contain the factor. The key factor affecting the accuracy of the two models is the three dimensional information of wear particles referring to particle area and thickness. This model using the disc and the ball whose materials were GCr15 were experimentally demonstrated on a pin-on-disc testing machine. And the OLVF was used to acquire the coverage area of the wear particles, which can reflect the wear loss. It shows that, in some cases, the approximate wear loss in the process was obtained on-line conveniently. Compared with experiment values derived from other wear measurement methods like weighing mass method and surface profilometry method, the SGM model can reflect tendency of wear loss about the tribo-pairs continuously. The deviations about wear loss by the model were discussed. Meanwhile, compared with the traditional means to compute the wear loss, this SGM model could be employed both for off-line analysis and on-line condition monitoring programs.
Research of Sensor Optimization Algorithm for Vibration Monitoring of Crane Structure
Authors: Jie Xia , Hui Jin
Published: June 2013

Safety requirements for large crane become more and more rigorous, as the crane is widely used in various fields. The health monitoring technology of cranes can provide early warning and the location of damage for a long time. It has great significance that people can monitor the crane operation in real time. Thronging establishing three-dimensional simulation model, an optimization algorithm on sensor used in crane structure is introduced in this paper, which is based on algorithm of QR decomposition and Modal Assurance Criterion. Character of structure in space is considered in research. The modals of displacement were chosen on the foundation of structure vibration characteristics in different direction, so that sensor layout could not be affected by vibration characteristics of simplified modal. Under the guidance of optimization algorithm selected above, the research shows that sensor layout would be affected by optimization algorithm and modals of displacement. By choosing Structure mode shape which can reflect the real structure, study indicates that well project of sensor layout can be well provided on the basis of algorithm of QR decomposition and Modal Assurance Criterion.
Design of Sensor-Tag Using Radio Frequency Power to Energize and its Research on Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Qiu Zi Xue , Chen Zhi Xin , Yuan Jiang , Wang You Wei , Yang Jie , Yu Yun Lei
Published: June 2013

A new method of structural health monitoring based on sensor-tags using radio frequency power to energize node wirelessly is proposed. A modular RFID sensor-tag, which has the function of signal conditioning, energy harvesting, and wireless transmission, is designed for some sensing elements commonly used in structural health monitoring, such as resistance strain gauges, piezoelectric ceramic and shape memory alloy (SMA). Sensor-tags receive energy which is the feedback of reader antenna coupling and provide power for sensor nodes. It overcomes defects of wireless sensor network (WSN) powered by battery, such as weak capabilities of processing, storage and communication. Stretching, bending and impact tests show that the system can achieve reliable signal acquisition and wireless transmission, the wireless communication distance between tag and reader is up to 128 meters, bit error rate of signal transmission 2 %.
The Deformation Detection Method for the Buried Pipeline Based on Distributed Fiber Optic Sensor
Authors: Ding Ke Qin , Yi Li Qi , Qian Cai Fu
Published: June 2013

The deformation of the long-distance pipeline often happen due to the Soil collapse, gulch and the settlement of the foundation etc. The large deformation is easy to cause the fracture of the long-distance pipeline. Hence, the deformation detection is of very important to the pipeline safety. In this paper, a method for deformation calculation of the long-distance pipeline is presented based on the relation expression brtween the deformation and the strain of the long-distance pipelien. Through the measured strain, the deformation is easy to be calculated. The strains can be obtained through the FBG sensors or distributed fiber optic sensors. The deformation detection method proposed in the papaer provides the basis of the long-distance pipeline risk management.
The Study of On-Line Fiber Optic Monitoring for Pressure Component
Authors: Xiao Biao , Si Jun , Luo Xiao Ming , Wang H.T. , Xuan F.Z.
Published: June 2013

The application of the distributed optical-fiber detection system and optical fiber grating detection system in the laboratory piping system leakage platform, was analyzed in this paper. Based on the on-line monitoring tests, the potential advantages and disadvantages of optical-fiber method using for engineering structures were summarized. The implementation method on the optical-fiber monitoring methods for pressure vessel and industrial piping system in service was proposed in the end.
Strain and Cracks of Tunnel Lining Surveyed by Fiber Bragg Grating Strain Sensors and Ultrasonic Tester
Authors: Li Ying Na , Cao Xiao Yong , Xie Tao , Zhao Zhen Gang , Zhou Ya Ping , Li Chuan , Liu Hao , Su Jian Kun , Li Li Ming , Zhang Zhi Lin
Published: June 2013

The cracks have emerged on the second lining of right tunnel for three months after tunneling in the Xin Chang Tunnel. The maximum crack depth is 264.0 mm which is explored by a RS-ST01C type ultrasonic tester. A fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is developed for measuring the surface strain of second lining. By converting the deflection of structure into the strain of displacement telescopic gauge, a fiber Bragg grating is mounted on two ends of gauge where suffers the strain, and as a result its Bragg wavelength will be shifted. The strain sensitivity and temperature sensitivity of the grating sensor are separately 0.677×10-6/ and 0.968×10-5 /°C. Grating sensors are installed on the corresponding linings according to the crack distribution. In an observation period of 51 days, the measurement results indicate that the lining cracks are derived from the tilted pressure of surrounding rock. After a backfill period of 29 days, the tunnel structures are gradually tending to be stability in the following operation period of 429 days.
Monitoring of Tunnel Second Lining and Steel Lining by Using Fiber Bragg Grating Strain Sensor
Authors: Li Ying Na , Cao Xiao Yong , Xie Tao , Zhao Zhen Gang , Zhou Ya Ping , Li Chuan , Liu Hao , Su Jian Kun , Zhang Zhi Lin , Li Li Ming
Published: June 2013

Dong Yang Tunnel is located in the low mountains and hilly areas with tectonic denudation, where the tunnel of K147+535~K147+575 passes mainly through the maroon and purple red completely weathered mudstone. A differential fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is developed for monitoring the surface strain of tunnel lining. By converting the strain of gauge rod into the strain of beam, two fiber Bragg gratings are separately mounted on the top and bottom surfaces of beam, and as a result shifts its Bragg wavelength. The difference of relative Bragg wavelength shifts of the sensing gratings is 1.05×10-6 /. Grating sensors are installed on the tunnel lining of K147+540~K147+610. Especially, the second lining of K147+592~K147+598 is enhanced by the steel plate. The strains of >100 occur on the lining of K147+560 and K147+590 in the reinforcing period of 20 days. Following a 160 days operation period, the measurement results indicate that the tunnel structures are gradually tending towards stability.
PLC-Based Integrated Voltage Regulator Thermostat Power Source
Authors: Fu Yuan , Yao Xue Mei
Published: June 2013

The PLC-based integrated voltage regulator thermostat power source is constituted by the voltage regulator, the controller and the electric heater. It can achieve a moderate control of the electric heater, protect the power grid and load from disturbed and reduce the volatility of the test chamber studio. The system has simple power regulation line, stable performance, high reliability, and can be widely applied in the area of industrial automation and control.
Research on Anti-Slip Differential Control for Two-Motor Independent Driven Vehicle
Authors: Lin Cheng , Xu Zhi Feng
Published: June 2013

There is no mechanical connection between two driving motors of two-motor independent driven vehicle. In order to solve target vehicles differential problem, this paper has proposed self-adaptive differential control strategy, and based on that, has proposed anti-slip control strategy through limiting the motor driving torque. Then, the anti-slip differential effect has been tested by simulation. The simulation results have proved that good anti-slip differential effect can be realized by using the anti-slip differential control strategy proposed by this paper.
Design and Testing of a Modified Parallel Flow Field for Uniform Flow Distribution in PEMFuel Cells
Authors: Jazaeri Mohammad Javad , Andrews John
Published: June 2013

The focus of this paper is to develop and test a modified design of the conventional parallel flow channel configuration in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. One of the main objectives in designing flow channel configurations is to achieve a uniform distribution of reactants across the catalyst layer of the membrane electrode assembly of the fuel cell. Uniform reactant distribution promotes an even current density distribution, and enhances power output and overall cell performance. A simple method for visualizing the flow distribution is used to study the flow distribution in the flow channels of a PEM fuel cell. In the experiment the principle of dimensional analysis and similitude was employed to study gas distribution by using water instead of gas. The results demonstrate that providing storage volumes before the channels creates a better flow distribution. The results also reveal that channels with the shortest distance between inlet and outlet manifold are reactant rich and are filled prior to the channels with longer such distances.
A Finite Element Approach for Analysis of a Helical Coil Compression Spring Using CAE Tools
Authors: Sarkate Tukaram S.
Published: June 2013

Springs is defined as an elastic body that can reserve high level of potential energy, have various important role in industries. Helical spring is the most common element that has been used in car suspension system. Spring steel is low carbon alloy, medium carbon steel or high carbon steel with very high yield stress related to light vehicle suspension system. In this research paper AISI 9255, (containing 1.5%-1.8% silicon, 0.7%-1.0%manganese and 0.52%-.6% carbon) under the effect of a uniform loading has been studied. .The FE model of the helical spring has been generated in Pro-E Wildfire 5.0 software and imported in ANSYS-10 for finite element analysis, which are most popular CAE tools. Also finite element analysis has been compared with analytical solution for different loads under the same conditions to conclude.
The Design and Application of Group Supporting Information Management System of the Designated Assemble Line
Authors: Chen Ru , Yang Ji Xin , Wang De Quan , Tao Xue Heng , Cheng Jin Shi , Zhang Peng
Published: June 2013

Group supporting information management system of the designated assemble line can real-time track the assembly processes of production line, count and analyze the parts plan output, plan working time, actual output, actual working time, spare parts inventory and other relevant data of production line in the production of the various stages, to improve and define the parts in the technological process of the production line, ensure the problems in the assembly process of the production line can be processed in time, to ensure the assembly parts can be matched not only on the production but also on the time of nodes of planned versus actual in the process of production assembly line,. This system has been put into commercial production; showed the effectiveness of the system.
A Budget Allocation Model for Flood Managementin Flood-Prone Areas
Authors: Hsie Machine , Huang Cheng Han , Huang Chun Yen , Hsu Shu Chien
Published: June 2013

Global climate changesfrequently cause severe floodingwhich damage peoples propertiesand livesin Taiwan. As a result, the Taiwan government initiated a long-term plan to prevent flooding by regulating 130 rivers in flood-prone areas. However, the budget is limited and cannot meet the total cost of the hydraulic engineering of the 130 rivers. How to objectively and efficiently prioritize rivers that need to be regulated remains a major challenge for the government. This research collected the information of regulating 130 rivers in terms of their costs and benefits; then it utilized a hybrid method that integratesboththedynamic programming and the Paretofront analysis (designated as DPPF here) to develop a budget allocation model.The results show that this model can help the government to save up to NT$ 2.153 billionannually.
Experimental Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Water and Ethanol Flow Boiling in Micro-Channel
Authors: Weng Xia , Liu Dong Yao
Published: June 2013

The Heat transfer characteristics of water and ethanol flow boiling in micro-channel are studied. Flow boiling of different mass and heat flux is carried out in 61 parallel microchannel with hydro diameter of 0.293mm, and the local heat transfer coefficient (HTC) of is calculated. The results indicate that the HTC decreases with the increasing of vapor quality, and depends on heat flux. Two latest correlations are used to predict the experiment, and the results indicate that the Bond number plays an important role in the correlation.
Compatibility Check of the Prior Information on Low Voltage Switchgear
Authors: Liu Bing Yue , Wang Jing Qin
Published: June 2013

Generally, the test data of the low voltage switchgear are very few. In order to assess the reliability more accurately, historical data are used to maximum the capacity of the test data. The premise of using the prior information is the prior data and test data should approximately come from the same overall. This is just the problem of compatibility check. In this paper, the method of fitting data and the law of testing the distribution are used to analyze both the priori and test data. Furthermore, we present a novel method of using Wilcoxon rank sum test to check the compatibility of the prior and test data of the low voltage switchgear. Both methods lead to the conclusion that the prior and the test data of the low voltage switchgear are compatible.
Collapsibility Studies of MJM Acrylate Patterns for Investment Casting
Authors: Marwah. O.M.F. , Sharif S. , Ibrahim M. , Idris M.H.
Published: June 2013

Direct rapid investment casting (IC) is among the favorable and economical casting process due to its flexibility in fabricating any geometrical part features within a shorter lead time. Polymer based materials used in rapid prototyping (RP) technologies are exhibiting significant cost reduction for low volume production and are potentially replacing conventional wax materials as sacrificial patterns in IC process. This paper reports on the collapsibility characteristics of acrylate patterns during the burnout process for IC molds. The acrylate based patterns were fabricated by a Multijet Modelling (MJM) process with hollow internal structure. The MJM patterns were then Slurry procedure were introduced for producing toughest ceramic mould to prevent cracking occurrence. Results showed that the acrylate patterns start to decomposed gradually from the ceramic mold at 350°C and at 600°C, a total clean burnout without any residues and ash content was attained. This study shows that acrylate patterns built from RP technologies are suitable for fabricating ceramic molds and are highly potential in substituting conventional wax for IC process.