bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Operation of Semi-Aerobic Landfill
Authors: Yusoff Mohd Suffian , Zamri Mohd Faiz Muaz Ahmad
Published: November 2019

Landfilling is broadly recognized as a proper waste disposal method. Although ranked at the bottom of sustainable waste management hierarchy, final waste disposal technologies like sanitary landfill remain crucial for development country due to increasing waste generation. Since landfill is a permanent disposal site that could cause serious environmental pollution, a proper planning and development of landfill are important in avoiding problems in the future. In this chapter the general principles of landfill design and operation is given at the beginning. Then the following discussions were focusing on the design and operation of semi-aerobic landfill. The revision for design and operation of semi-aerobic landfill working phase were reported separately. Finally the summary of the discussion were given at the end of this chapter.
Green Manufacturing
Authors: Sen Saurabh , Sen Ruchi L.
Published: November 2019

The manufacturing sector has greater responsibility for conducting and operating its business. The primary objective of every unit is to maximize profits. The manufacturing sector is the key driver of energy consumption and if an automobile consumes high fuel or if the resources are under-utilized, it is definitely the fault of the manufacturer. If we seriously need a solution to these problems, we need to change the way we design, manufacture, and sell the products. The manufacturing sector must use energy and resources efficiently. ‘Green Manufacturing' or sustainable industrial activity is the need of the hour and the Government of India requires the manufacturing sector to play a bigger role in the country's economy. This paper focuses on the initiative taken by the industries to make the environment eco-friendly. The paper further will emphasize upon a case study of Hero MotoCop.
Determination of Rate of Medical Waste Generation Using RVM, MARS and MPMR
Authors: Jagan J. , Samui Pijush , Dixon Barnali
Published: November 2019

The prediction of medical waste generation is an important task in hospital waste management. This article uses Relevance Vector Machine (RVM), Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS) and Minimax Probability Machine Regression (MPMR) for prediction of rate of medical waste generation. Type of hospital, Capacity and Bed Occupancy has been used as inputs of RVM, MARS and MPMR. RVM is a probabilistic bayesian learning framework. MARS builds flexible model by using piecewise linear regressions. MPMR maximizes the minimum probability that future predicted outputs of the regression model will be within some bound of the true regression function. MARS, RVM and MPMR have been used as regression techniques. The results show that the developed RVM, MPMR and MARS give excellent models for determination of rate of medical waste generation.
Removal of Emerging Contaminants from Water and Wastewater Using Nanofiltration Technology
Authors: Hu Yang , Peng Yue , Liu Wen , Zhao Dongye , Fu Jie
Published: November 2019

Conventional water/wastewater treatment methods are incapable of removing the majority of Emerging Contaminants (ECs) and a large amount of them and their metabolites are ultimately released to the aquatic environment or drinking water distribution networks. Recently, nanofiltration, a high pressure membrane filtration process, has shown to be superior to other conventional filtration methods, in terms of effluent quality, easy operation and maintenance procedures, low cost, and small required operational space. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the most relevant works available in literature reporting the use of nanofiltration for the removal of emerging contaminants from water and wastewater. The fundamental knowledge of nanofiltration such as separation mechanisms, characterization of nanofiltration membranes, and predictive modeling has also been introduced. The literature review has shown that nanofiltration is a promising tool to treat ECs in environmental cleaning and water purification processes.
Waste Disposal
Authors: Farraji Hossein , Zaman Nastaein Qamaruz , Mohajeri Parsa
Published: November 2019

Through the human municipality growing and industrialization process, productions of municipal solid waste have been growing in parallel line. The properties and composition of municipal solid waste as the main solid waste produced by human has cultural, regional, social habits and behavior, beside the economic condition, influences the properties and compositions of waste disposal, which contains process that start after collecting and transporting MSW to landfill site. After site selection, the process of recycling, waste composting and incineration will be assessed as intermediate disposal methods. Our final goal in waste disposal focused on environmental protection. This chapter will have a review on recycling merits and as effective ecofriendly methods for disposing municipal solid waste (MSW) for saving greenhouse gases (GHGs). Incineration as a commercial waste disposal will also be reviewed. Making decision about waste disposal is a multi-criteria issue because of MSW mixture, climacteric of area, cultural and economic condition, technical support, and environmental impact.
Leachate Generation, Transport, and Control
Authors: Zahari Mohamed Shahrir Mohamed , Ismail Shahrul , Jaafar Izan
Published: November 2019

This chapter will discuss in detail on the primary aspect influencing leachate generation, transport and control within the landfill area. The leachate generation will look into the various factors that contribute toward increment and reduction of water balance in the landfill cell cause by the physical, chemical and biological activities. The topic will include discuss on common methods and models for estimating water input and transformation into/inside the landfill layer. Meanwhile, leachate transport part would emphasis on the leachate movement and mobility due to the effect of waste percolation, moisture field capacity and the gravity pull. Dominant flow type and the effect upon solute transport as well as other landfill components would be emphasize within the discussion. Lastly, this chapter will elaborate on the conventional and advanced techniques that being utilized for the control of the leachate for further treatment system or as beneficial advantages in the landfill management system.
Utilization of SVM, LSSVM and GP for Predicting the Medical Waste Generation
Authors: Jagan J. , Dalkiliç Yıldırım , Samui Pijush
Published: November 2019

The prediction of wastes generated in the hospital will help their management for several activities like storage, transport and disposing. This chapter adopts Support Vector Machine (SVM), Least Square Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) and Genetic Programming (GP) in order to estimate the rate of medical waste generation. In the event of predicting the rate, type of hospital, capacity and bed occupancy has been used as inputs of SVM, LSSVM and GP. SVM is based on statistical learning theory, which provides an elegant tool for nonlinear system modeling. LSSVM is the re-formulation to the general SVM. GP, a best part of evolutionary algorithm and also the specification of Genetic Algorithm (GA). These SVM, LSSVM and GP have been used as the regression techniques. The results show the performance of the developed SVM, LSSVM and GP models were elegant and outstanding.
Heavy Metal Pollution and its Management
Authors: Rathoure Ashok K.
Published: November 2019

Environmental degradation has become a major societal issue thanks to uncontrolled anthropogenic activity, besides natural factors. Entry of toxic heavy metals and minerals in human system mainly through contaminated water, food and air, leads to overt and insidious health problems. Heavy metal pollution, a global concern today, can be managed by using bioremediation, an eco-friendly alternative. Bioremediation is one of the most promising technological approaches to the problem of hazardous waste. It is a technology for removing pollution from environment, restoring contaminated site and preventing future pollution. Bioremediation can be performed in situ or ex situ. Microorganisms directly degrade contaminants rather than merely transferring them from one medium to another, employ metabolic degradation pathways and can be used in situ to minimize disturbance of the cleanup site. Hence, microorganisms can be effective, economical and non-disruptive tools for eliminating hazardous chemicals. Its advantage generally outweigh the disadvantage, therefore may be used as management tool.
Leachate Treatment
Authors: Dahlan Irvan
Published: November 2019

Landfilling is one of the most important methods for disposal of solid waste in many countries. One of the most obvious problems associated with the landfilling practice is the generation of leachate. This chapter reviews case studies on the on-site treatment of leachates using various technologies in selected European and Asian countries. It was shown that the generation of leachate varies widely in both quantity and quality in European and Asian countries. Biological treatment and membrane technology show very high efficiencies in treating leachate generated from Odayeri landfill (in European side of Turkey) and Komurcuoda landfill (at Asian side of Turkey). Leachates from Arpley landfill (UK) and Bukit Tagar landfill (Malaysia) were successfully treated using sequence batch reactor (SBR). Fairly good treatment efficiencies were obtained using constructed wetlands (CWs) in treating Gdansk-Szadolki landfill leachate in Poland. Furthermore, the use of coagulation, filtration and membrane technologies has been proven effectively in treating Nonthaburi landfill leachate in Thailand.
Human Overpopulation and Water Pollution
Authors: Sharma Gargi , Mutiyar Pravin Kumar
Published: November 2019

The increased human population is threatening the natural water resources by reducing flows and deteriorating quality. High levels contamination of fecal microbes in Indian water resources is one of the worst impact on natural environment. The incomplete sewage treatment in existing STPs is the root cause it, along with disposal of untreated sewage. Fecal microbes even after the secondary treatment demands the further reduction, hence, an alternative method of vertical flow constructed wetland was adopted to examine the efficiency of the system. The study was aimed to primarily to suggest the suitability and comparative performance of wetland species, P. australis and C. indica. Study revealed the importance of fibrous rooting system of C. indica which helps to enhance aerobicity within the system and cause the reduced number of microbes. The additive enhancement of physical mechanism as well as competition among microflora within the wetland system and excretions from roots of C. indica plant might have been the reason of the significant highest removal of microbial indicators.
The Need to Engage With Smartphones and Social Network Sites (SNSs) at Korean Universities
Authors: Webster Thomas E.
Published: November 2019

The disparity between the pervasiveness of Smartphone and SNS use in Korean society, and the near absence of systematic engagement with educational approaches to their use could not be starker. This is even more perplexing in second language learning where contemporary communicative practices are underpinned by the assumption that they will enable students to apply lessons to real life circumstances outside the classroom. As found in an extensive study on teachers' perceptions and uses of technology, teachers often lack motivation to make changes owing to a lack of reliable resources, training, and professional development support. This chapter, therefore, provides the underpinning for a new theoretical approach to promoting a more culturally holistic engagement with technology, Smartphones, and SNS use at Korean universities and education in general.
Cooperative Decision Making Under Air Traffic Conflicts Detection and Resolution
Authors: Vasyliev Volodymyr , Vasyliev Denys
Published: November 2019

A number of probabilistic methods for aircraft conflict evaluation are presented. The analytical method is shown. The probability method that enables taking into account the features of stochastic dynamics of motion and the new compositional method of conflict probability evaluation are proposed. The feature of this method is that analytical solution is made using the predicted uncertainty areas of each aircraft position separately, making it possible to manage the position uncertainty and to apply for a wider range of scenarios. The multi-criteria decision-making for conflicts resolution is discussed. Optimality criteria and constraints for conflict resolution are defined. The generic multi-criteria model of conflict-free trajectories selection and the methods of resolution of two- and multi-aircraft conflicts have been developed. These methods provide the synthesis of conflict-free trajectories using different aircraft maneuvers according to criteria of flight regularity, economy, and maneuvering complexity using the multi-criteria dynamic programming.
Research of the Reliability of the Electrical Supply System of Airports and Aerodromes Using Neural Networks
Authors: Boiko Serhii Mykolaiovych , Shmelev Yurii , Chorna Viktoriia , Nozhnova Marina
Published: November 2019

The system of supplying airports and airfields is subject to high requirements for the degree of reliability. This is due to the existence of a large number of factors that affect the work of airports and airfields. In this regard, the control systems for these complexes must, as soon as possible, adopt the most optimal criteria for the reliability and quality of the solution. This complicates the structure of the electricity supply complex quite a lot and necessitates the use of modern, reliable, and high-precision technologies for the management of these complexes. One of them is artificial intelligence, which allows you to make decisions in a non-standard situation, to give recommendations to the operator to perform actions based on analysis of diagnostic data.
Methods for the Synthesis of Optimal Control of Deterministic Compound Dynamical Systems With Branch
Authors: Tachinina Olena , Lysenko Oleksandr
Published: November 2019

This chapter states the result of the development of optimal control methods for deterministic discontinuous systems of optimal control problems for deterministic compound dynamical systems (CDS) with branching paths. The necessary conditions for optimality of the CDS branching paths are formulated in the form convenient for subsequent development of algorithms for the operational synthesis of these paths. The optimality conditions developed by the authors allow both preliminary and in real time (on-line) optimization of the CDS branching paths. The need for an operational synthesis of the CDS branching trajectory is caused by the inaccuracy of prior knowledge of information about the factors affecting CDS movement which are critical for the implementation of the CDS end-use. The developed conditions are universal for solving problems with any finite number of branches of a branching trajectory and are focused on the use of artificially intelligent systems which allow analyzing the structure of optimal control of CDS components as they move along the path branches.
Methods and Techniques of Effective Management of Complexity in Aviation
Authors: Yastrub Maksym , Pérez Mario Boyero , Kredentsar Svetlana
Published: November 2019

This chapter presents the use of enterprise architecture to manage the growing complexity in aviation. Any aviation organization or air traffic management system can be considered as a complex enterprise which involves different stakeholders and uses various systems to execute its business needs. The complexity of such an enterprise makes it quite challenging to introduce any change since it might have an impact on various stakeholders as well as on different systems inside of the enterprise. That is why there is a need for a technique to manage the enterprise and to anticipate, plan, and support the transformation of the enterprise to execute its strategy. This technique can be provided by enterprise architecture, a relatively new discipline that focuses on describing the enterprise current and future states as well as providing a holistic view of it. The authors describe the modern enterprise architecture frameworks and provide an example of an application of one of them (European ATM Architecture framework) to identify and manage changes in aviation.
Developing Educational Videos
Authors: Yap Roseline Wai Kuan
Published: November 2019

The teach less, learn more (TLLM) movement has prompted the need for teaching and learning innovations that fall under this framework. Educational videos have always been used as teaching tools. However, educational videos can also be used based on the ‘constructionism' approach in which learners develop the videos. This form of teaching and learning innovation provides a variety of learnings and skills such as active and collaborative learning, including creative thinking and problem-solving skills, which are lifelong to the learners, compared to the passive learning in the teacher-centered approach. This chapter will begin with a discussion of the trends in learner-centred teaching, which falls under the TLLM framework. This is followed by a detailed exploration on the use of a constructivist approach for the development of educational videos under the assignment component in a science-based module. The chapter will then conclude with the outcome of the teaching and learning innovation for the learners, including its significance on learning.
Comparing the Attitudes of Greek Kindergarten Teachers Against Primary School Teachers Towards ICT
Authors: Zaranis Nicholas , Oikonomidis Vassilios , Linardakis Michalis
Published: November 2019

This chapter examines the main factors of Greek kindergarten against primary school teachers' attitudes towards ICT in class. The participants of this research were drawn from teachers of public schools in the area of Athens and Crete (Greece). A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire with 30 questions designed to assess attitudes of teachers toward computers and their computer knowledge in primary schools learning environment. Varimax with Kaiser Normalization was applied to extract the main five factors of kindergarten teachers' attitudes. Also, a three 2-way MANOVA was performed between the kindergarten and primary school teachers to see the interactions of these main factors on: a) the ICT knowledge of teachers, b) the frequency of using ICT at home by the teachers and, c) the ICT use in the teaching process. Finally, the changes in the main factors of kindergarten and primary school teachers were discussed in the hope that they may provide useful information on the school curriculum.
Reading in the Humanities in the Mobile Digital Age
Authors: Fawsitt John
Published: November 2019

This speculative submission tries to delineate the possible existence of a clash between fulfilling a mission towards developing the cognitive and intellectual abilities of learners via reading and the introduction of mobile technology or M-Learning techniques into university education along with a survey of the possible forces that act to bring this about and how these trends follow the general tendency of intellectual and habitual behaviour in modern society. Whether they are in harmony or whether they run against them.
Universities' Point of View to Introduce Mobile Devices in their Classrooms
Authors: Cardullo Victoria M. , Clark LeNessa L.
Published: November 2019

This qualitative study examined the implementation and integration of a common mobile platform in multiple diverse learning environments in higher education. This exploratory study sought to understand how the use of iPads supported student learning and teacher instruction. In addition, the researchers identified the necessity of a strong infrastructure and professional development both, which are crucial in the implementation and integration process. The population consisted of incoming freshmen who range between 17-21 years of age in a southern region in Alabama. A constant comparative and taxonomy analysis was employed in efforts to provide themes and codes to organize and analyze the data derived from focus groups, interviews, surveys, and observations. The data revealed that students believed the iPad provided support to enhance student learning. Participants' perceived the iPad device as portable, convenient and easy to use.
Examining the Effectiveness of Hyperaudio Learning Environments
Authors: Zumbach Joerg , Moser Stephanie
Published: November 2019

The focus of instructional designers is increasingly shifting towards mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets and their use for learning purposes. These devices not only enable text-based but also audio-based instruction. This chapter presents the concept of hyperaudio, a special type of non-linear auditory learning environment. Contrary to other instructional devices such as hypertext, there is little research on learning with hyperaudio yet. In view of this scientific gap, this chapter aims at examining the effect of non-linear auditory presentation of information in more detail. To begin with, cognitive processes which are crucial for hyperaudio learning are examined. Then, some seminal studies investigating the design of hyperaudio learning environments and their influence on learning processes are presented. Results indicate that non-linear auditory information presentation is not always beneficial in terms of learning outcomes and cognitive load.
Mobile Apps in Open Educational Resources
Authors: Xiu Ying , Fulgencio Jose L. , Asino Tutaleni I. , Baker Alesha D.
Published: November 2019

Globally, those who have traditionally been adversely impacted by the digital divide due to lack of access to computing technologies such as desktop computers, are also the ones who have been shown to have high adoption of mobile devices. If open educational resources (OER) are to have the envisaged wide impact, it is necessary to look at the role mobile applications and mobile app markets play in the OER movement. In this chapter, we link mobile applications and OER and discuss the role mobile app markets play in facilitating open-access learning initiatives. This is done by exploring OER and mobile learning definitions, benefits, and barriers; and comparing and contrasting mobile apps across a set of variables including purpose and resource format.
Chunk Meets Image
Authors: Kim Byoung Gwan , Shim Hye Rin
Published: November 2019

This study investigated the optimal conditions under which foreign language learning takes place using a smartphone. The authors proposed that two factors, chunking and imagery, would increase language learning. On the basis of previous findings, they formulated three hypotheses: (a) the use of images will have a positive effect on learning English sentences; (b) the use of chunks will have a positive effect on learning English sentences; and (c) the combined use of images and chunks will have a greater positive effect on learning English sentences than either feature alone. A total of 92 Korean seventh graders participated in this study. To examine the learning effect of chunking (i.e., sentence segmentation unit) and imagery (i.e., visual aid) in an experimental setting, they produced a smartphone learning application that incorporated the two methods. The authors measured learning effect with respect to lexical memory retention (i.e., word retrieval ability) and word order composition (i.e., ability to arrange words according to standard English syntax). The results show that the main effects of both chunking and imagery were significant and that the interaction effect between the two on lexical memory retention was also significant. The interaction effect was greater in the delayed effect measurement than in the immediate effect measurement. These findings suggest optimal conditions for designing a smartphone-based, self-learning application.
Using Mobile Devices to Facilitate Student Questioning in a Large Undergraduate Science Class
Authors: Crompton Helen , Burgin Stephen R. , De Paor Declan G. , Gregory Kristen
Published: November 2019

Asking scientific questions is the first practice of science and engineering listed in the Next Generation Science Standards. However, getting students to ask unsolicited questions in a large class can be difficult. In this qualitative study, undergraduate students sent SMS text messages to the instructor who received them on his mobile phone and via Google Glass. Using observations, coding of texts, and interviews, the researchers investigated the types and level of questions students asked and the perceptions of the instructor and TAs on how the messages were received. From the findings of this study, it is evident that students asked a wide variety of question types and levels. It would appear that important distinctions between voice and text questions are that: (a) a shy or insecure questioner can remain anonymous; (b) questions can be asked in an interactive, but not interruptive manner; (c) there is no time limit to answering questions; and (d) the record of questions on the instructor's phone can be used to guide revision of lecture notes for future semesters.
Investigating the Status of Tablet Computers and E-Books Use of Open Education Faculty Students
Authors: Koçak Ömer , Yıldırım Önder , Kurşun Engin , Yıldırım Gürkan
Published: November 2019

The increase in tablet computers and e-books use brings to mind the question of how users benefited from these technologies. In this sense, the present study investigated the status of students' tablet computers and e-books use and the reasons why students prefer to use and not use of tablet computers and e-books. Students' study habits while using e-books were also examined. In the study, which was designed as an instrumental case study, the data was obtained from 100 open education faculty students through semi-structured interview forms by making calls over the phone. In the analysis of the data, content analysis method was used. Results showed that the majority of the students stated that they use tablet computers and prefer e-books while studying. The main reasons why they prefer e-books are that they can be carried easily and studied everywhere. Considering the students' learning habits on e-books, four study habits were emerged. Interestingly, most of them study on tablets and take notes on a separate sheet. Eye fatigue and difficulty to edit the e-books are the main reasons of the students who preferred printed materials.
The Parental Perspective over the Use of iPads in Primary and Middle Years of Schooling
Authors: Ismail Abdullah , Cashin Anthony
Published: November 2019

Apple's iPad and other forms of tablet are reportedly gaining increasing popularity within the academic premises. Most of the published research on this topic has highly admired the positive role and impact of iPads on teaching and learning practices, as if an exogenous technological induction in any local context would essentially revolutionize and transform the whole educational paradigm; however, some recent publications also highlight the parental and policy-makers' concerns over the undesired consequences of technological obsession in educational development. The current study aims at bringing a balanced view on this crucially important topic. The study employs mixed methods research and it uses Ajman Academy, a renowned K-12 institution in the United Arab Emirates, as a case study. This research concludes that due to the relative immaturity of these young children, they cannot be left alone to make their own technological choices. Hence, adopting an over-ambitious approach in terms of technological adoption, without properly understanding the nuances and complexities of a local context; may possibly put these children in a vulnerable situation, and thus likely exposed to many unintended and undesired consequences.
Multimodal Narratives and iPad in Second Language Teaching
Authors: Bañares-Marivela Elena , Rayón-Rumayor Laura
Published: November 2019

The present study analyses a group of students' multimodal productions who are learning a second language within a cooperative learning context using the iPad in a 1:1 format. They turn the act of creating free narrative written texts into a complex communicative process where two modes of representation are employed: written text and still images. These narratives become documents where the language of words and images are interrelated, generating production and communicative processes which should be understood in their double dimension: a) analyse the value the students give to the images in their compositions; and b) taking the narrative as an integrated text, where the systems of representation interact. Examples of experiences using mobile technologies studying the processes of learning generated in school contexts are still scarce. It is important to analyse didactic proposals which incorporate formative tasks in the classroom using these technologies, such as this case.
Instructor Perceptions and Intentions to Use a Tablet PC for Mobile Learning in a Ghanaian University
Authors: Asunka Stephen
Published: November 2019

This study used aspects of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to predict instructor acceptance and adoption of a tablet computer for mobile learning in a Ghanaian University. Following the distribution of a customized tablet PC (known as Campus Companion) to all instructors of the institution, and an expectation that they will use these devices to support and facilitate mobile learning, data on instructor perceptions, attitudes, and behavioral intention to use the technology were gathered and analyzed. Thirty-eight (38) instructors participated in the study. Findings show that instructors' intentions to use the tablet PC for mobile learning are very low, and are significantly influenced by their perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and attitude towards the device. Implications of these findings for practice and further research are discussed within the context of the adoption of m-learning within the Ghanaian higher education context in particular and the developing world in general.
The ScavengAR Hunt
Authors: Watanabe Daniel
Published: November 2019

This chapter explains the design and execution of a pre-service teacher training case study using Augmented Reality (AR), Quick Response (QR) codes, and social media mobile applications installed on iPads. The ScavengAR Hunt activity centered on a story narrative inspired by works of fine art using trigger images from the AR mobile application ARART® and incorporated elements of the board game Clue®. Pre-service teachers in the study were divided into groups of 4-6 and assigned specific, individual roles related to a mobile application used in the ScavengAR Hunt, and completed specific tasks while exploring the campus of a midwestern university. The research monitored the groups in real-time through reports submitted on Twitter and responses from QR code scans. The ScavengAR Hunt served as a model for designing a mobile learning activity incorporating multiple mobile applications.
Teaching Through Mobile Technology
Authors: Jantjies Mmaki , Joy Mike
Published: November 2019

The use of mobile technology to support teaching and learning in schools, has extended technology learning tools in schools across different socio economic divides. There have been various studies throughout the world which reflect the improvement of such technology in schools. In this chapter we reflect on a series of studies conducted in developing countries with focus on Jantjies and Joy (2012, 2013, 2014, 2015) studies. The studies were conducted in schools with the objective of providing teachers and learners with multilingual mobile learning content specifically designed to support teaching and learning in their science and mathematics classrooms and beyond. This chapter provides a culmination of lessons learnt from all studies reflecting on the journey of mobile learning in schools across South Africa. The use of mobile technology to support teaching and learning in schools, has extended technology learning tools in schools across different socio economic divides. There have been various studies throughout the world which reflect the improvement of such technology in schools. In this chapter we reflect on a series of studies conducted in developing countries. The studies were conducted in schools with the objective of providing teachers and learners with multilingual mobile learning content specifically designed to support teaching and learning in their science and mathematics classrooms and beyond. This chapter provides a culmination of lessons learnt from all studies reflecting on the journey of mobile learning in schools across South Africa.
Enhancing Professional Learning Through Mobile Devices for Pre-Service Teachers in Remote Communities
Authors: Townsend Philip Bruce
Published: November 2019

This article details the construction of a Grounded Theory to explain the concept of enhancing professional learning through mobile devices. The research data was delimited to the behaviours and beliefs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander pre-service teachers enrolled in two community-based initial teacher education programs in very remote communities in Australia. Four educational uses of mobile devices were identified: accessing content, handling administration, collaborating for academic support and sharing personal encouragement. The use of mobile devices enabled adults to choose times of study, choose places of study, complete assessment relevant to their course and achieve a career goal. Three elements that impact the educational use of mobile devices were identified (i.e. context, precursors and catalyst). Seven categories underlie the concept of enhancing professional learning through mobile devices: fostering access, facilitating customisation, promoting collaboration, supporting relevance, completing the course, empowering agency and enabling networking.
New Barriers to Technology Integration and Digital Education Equity
Authors: Wilson Nicholas C.
Published: November 2019

This chapter explores two critical areas essential to the implementation of next generation tools in formal learning settings: (1) persistent barriers to technology integration in schools and (2) supporting student agency through different forms of participation in technology and digital media activities. Concerns that the educational digital divide has evolved into an issue of equitable participation in producer-level technology-mediated activities have underscored the need to identify new barriers to integration and student engagement. While persistent barriers to integration continue to impact the frequency and purpose of technology use in the classroom, a re-centering of focus on agency and its relationship to students' identity development underscores the need to understand how the next generation of tools and technologies can be harnessed to overcome social and educational inequities.
A Typology for Professional Development
Authors: Ackerman Gary L.
Published: November 2019

In an attempt to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the professional development activities offered to help teachers improve their use of technology, the leaders of a rural school district participated in a design process modeled after the Delphi technique. Leaders from the schools summarized past efforts and created plans for future professional learning. Those summaries and plans were critiqued by a panel of experts through multiple iterations. The documents created through that process along with transcripts of the discussions of the panel of experts were analyzed to identify the factors that affected the group's decisions. Three dimensions were identified, and variation in those were used to define three types of professional development activities.
Addressing Beginning STEM Teachers' Needs to Teach in High-Need School Districts
Authors: Seitsinger Anne Marie , Fogleman Jay , Peno Kathy , de Groot Cornelis
Published: November 2019

Highly qualified teachers with strong STEM backgrounds are needed to teach children, particularly in high-need school districts. One university's teacher preparation program used a constructivist approach to build candidates' technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge to enhance their preparation to teach in classrooms where they are expected to utilize instructional technology effectively. Teacher preparation programs prepare candidates to a certain degree, however, beginning teachers continue to need support. This chapter reports on how prepared these new STEM teachers were to teach and the challenges they faced in high-need school districts. This chapter also discusses the instructional technology provided to these teachers from a federal grant to address some of these challenges. The chapter concludes that beginning STEM teachers benefit from induction supports that 1) provide university-based mentoring, 2) allow them to continue to use strategies and technologies they had access to during their teacher preparation program, and 3) continue to develop themselves as professionals.
Entrepreneurial Intention
Authors: Margaça Clara , Sánchez-García José Carlos , Sánchez Brizeida Hernandez
Published: November 2019

Entrepreneurial intention presumes that new business formation is a deliberately designed behavior and is the first step in new business formation. What is the basis of these intentions? In this review chapter, the authors consider spirituality has been seen as a strong predictor of a successful entrepreneur, who bases the company on personal values, that is, economic values are not the most important. If we consider spirituality as a form of intelligence that can be developed, it can be seen as a coping mechanism in the field of entrepreneurship, especially in decision making. A spiritual and resilient entrepreneur has the key to personal fulfillment and sustainable lifelong performance at extraordinary levels.
Entrepreneur and Religion
Authors: Ben Sedrine Doghri Sinda , Bouderbala Amel
Published: November 2019

Research on the psychological traits of the entrepreneur did not establish an absolute psychological profile of the entrepreneur or predict entrepreneurial behaviors because this approach neglects the influence of the environment on the entrepreneur. It is from this observation that the authors have outlined their research question. Their main objective is to study the behavior of the entrepreneur in interaction with his local context. Therefore, this research is rooted in the context of Tunisia, a Muslim Arab country with its cultural peculiarities. The research question is: How does religion interact with entrepreneurial behavior? This interpretativists research, which gives context to its whole dimension, mobilizes the approach of traits in a comprehensive and exploratory aim through a qualitative methodology. The object studied is the career path of four Tunisian entrepreneurs through the technique of life stories.
Massively Multiplayer Online Games as Spaces for Metacognition and Self-Regulated Learning
Authors: Betts Anastasia Lynn , Rothschild Meagan K.
Published: November 2019

Metacognition, or the ability to be consciously and intentionally aware of one's thinking and the ways in which one's thinking impacts one's learning, has been shown in the research to be a critical component of learners' abilities to learn effectively. One area of research on metacognition has focused on the role of metacognition in video games, specifically in massively multiplayer online games, known as MMOs. Through examples of metacognition in a popular video game such as World of Warcraft or in Adventure Academy, a new educational MMO for children ages 8–13 years old, this chapter highlights the ways in which MMOs can act as spaces that support the development of metacognitive behaviors through the components of planning, monitoring, control, and evaluation, toward improving learning overall.
An Evaluative Framework for the Most Suitable Theory of Mobile Learning
Authors: Mittal Niti , Chaudhary Monica , Alavi Shirin
Published: November 2019

The focus of ICT in education has shifted from e-learning to mobile learning as mobile devices offer many technological and pedagogical affordances coupled with their affordability. It is imperative to say their potential can be leveraged efficiently in teaching-learning communities in developing countries in general and South-Asian countries in particular. To ensure its successful implementation a theory of mobile learning is required. This chapter draws an evaluative framework of existing theories of learning and proposes the most suitable theory of learning which can be leveraged to promote mobile learning to promote access of education in the developing nations.
A Literature Review of Social Media for Marketing
Authors: Kavak Bahtışen , Özdemir Neslişah , Erol-Boyacı Gülay
Published: November 2019

Digital economy has become a priority for companies and countries since consumer profile and consumption habits have greatly changed. Companies have begun to transfer the services they offer to the Internet. Also, a digital economy creates networks amongst individuals, communities, companies, and markets. With digitalization, not only have consumers' profiles changed, but marketing tools have changed as well. Social media marketing (SMM) is the product of this trend and is marketing through social media channels (SMCs). Therefore, this chapter examines social media use within business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-to-business (B2B) contexts. Moreover, the authors focus on the differences of SMCs adoption in B2C and B2B contexts.
How Does Firm- and User-Generated Content Benefit Firms and Affect Consumers?
Authors: Tunçel Niray , Yılmaz Nihan
Published: November 2019

Social media marketing is a new form of communication between firms and consumers. The interactive nature of social media platforms enables consumers to share their perceptions about firms by creating their own content in various forms. Besides, firms are able to attract and engage with consumers through creating effective content on their social media channels. Both user-generated content (UGC) and firm-generated content (FGC) have a significant role in firm performance and consumer behavior. However, the previous studies have mostly focused on the effects of UGC and addressed the issue from the consumer side. Therefore, as distinct from existing studies, the study at hand addresses the specific effects and benefits of UGC and FGC from both the firm and consumer sides, within a theoretical framework. In addition, based on the findings of the reviewed studies, the chapter presents some practical implications for business.
Empowering the Economic Impact of Virtual Communities
Authors: Aslan Tuğçe , Akbıyık Adem
Published: November 2019

Developments in information and communication technologies have led to changes in the consumption patterns of individuals and the distancing of businesses from traditional business models. Globally, the digital transformation process has led businesses to more innovative and flexible business models. Sharing economy is a type of digital economy in which goods or services are shared through digital networks, is an innovative and flexible business model. One of the key factors in sharing economic business models is the perception of trust. The term trust has been called the currency of the sharing economy. This chapter examines trust issues in sharing economy to empower the economic impact of virtual communities because trust is a key element in strengthening participation or knowledge sharing in virtual communities. In this respect, the concept of virtual communities and trust is explained. Moreover, the concept of trust in virtual communities and the effects of virtual communities on the economy are evaluated within the framework of sharing economy.
Sceny teatralnej genezy
Authors: Grésillon Almuth
Published: November 2019

How can we conceive of applying genetic criticism to a theatrical work, since drama is characterised by its inherent mutability and necessary incompletion? How can we analyse the genesis of a play which only becomes real on the evening of its performance? How can we defi ne the genesis documents when we know they are unstable, heterogeneous and ephemeral by defi nition? A requisite condition: the persons involved in stage direction as well as theatrical archives should be encouraged to preserve the fragile traces of the birth of a performance (logbooks, administration notebooks, rehearsal records, sketches for the sets, and so on). This study outlines a framework wherein the complex, dynamic relationship between the construction of a text and that of its performance can be exploited.
Decreases in wintertime total column ozone over the Tibetan Plateau during 1979–2017
Authors: Li Yajuan , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Feng Wuhu , Dhomse Sandip S. , Pope Richard J. , Li Faquan , Guo Dong
Published: November 2019

Abstract. We use the ozone dataset from the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) during 1979–2017 to investigate the long-term variations of the total column ozone (TCO) and the relative total ozone low (TOL) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) during different seasons. Based on various regression models, the wintertime TCO over the TP decreases overall during 1979–2017 with ongoing decreases since 1997. We perform multivariate regression analysis to quantify the influence of dynamical and chemical processes responsible for the long-term TCO variability over the TP. We use both piecewise linear trend (PWLT) and equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine loading (EESC)-based regression models that include explanatory variables such as the 11-year solar cycle, quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) at 30 hPa and 10 hPa and the geopotential height (GH) at 150 hPa. The 150 hPa GH is found to be a major dynamical contributor to the total ozone variability (8 %) over the TP in wintertime. We also find strong correlation between TCO in DJF and the following JJA, indicating that negative/positive anomalies in the wintertime build up persist into summer. We also use the TOMCAT/SLIMCAT 3-D chemical transport model to investigate the contributions of different factors to the ozone variations over the TP. Using identical regression model on simulated TCO time series, we obtain consistent results with C3S-based data. We perform two sensitivity experiments with repeating dynamics of 2004 and 2008 to further study the role that the GH at 150 hPa plays in the ozone variations over the TP. The GH differences between the two years show an obvious, negative centre near 150 hPa over the TP in DJF. Composite analysis show that GH fluctuations associated with Inter Tropical Convergence Zone, ENSO events or Walker circulation play a key role in controlling TCO variability in the lower stratosphere.