bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
15‐lipoxygenase‐1 exerts its tumor suppressive role by inhibiting nuclear factor‐kappa B via activation of PPAR gamma
Authors: Cimen I. , Astarci E. , Banerjee S.
Published: May 2011

15‐Lipoxygenase‐1 (15‐LOX‐1) is an enzyme of the inflammatory eicosanoid pathway whose expression is known to be lost in colorectal cancer (CRC). We have previously shown that reintroduction of the gene in CRC cell lines slows proliferation and induces apoptosis (Cimen et al. [2009] Cancer Sci 100: 2283–2291). We have hypothesized that 15‐LOX‐1 may be anti‐tumorigenic by the inhibition of the anti‐apoptotic inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B. We show here that ectopic expression of 15‐LOX‐1 gene in HCT‐116 and HT‐29 CRC cell lines inhibited the degradation of inhibitor of kappa B (IκBα), decreased nuclear translocation of p65 and p50, decreased DNA binding in the nucleus and decreased transcriptional activity of Nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB). As the 15‐LOX‐1 enzymatic product 13(S)‐HODE is known to be a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, and NF‐κB can be inhibited by PPARγ, we examined whether activation of PPARγ was necessary for the abrogation of NF‐κB activity. Our data show that the inhibition of both early and late stages of NF‐κB activation could rescued by the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 indicating that the inhibition was most likely mediated via PPARγ. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 2490–2501, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The development of a brief acceptance and mindfulness‐based program aimed at reducing sexual revictimization among college women with a history of childhood sexual abuse
Authors: Hill Justin M. , Vernig Peter M. , Lee Jonathan K. , Brown Cynthia , Orsillo Susan M.
Published: May 2011

Women with a history of childhood sexual assault (CSA) are more likely to be revictimized; however, most existing programs aimed at reducing sexual victimization do not expressly address the issue of revictimization. The present study examined the efficacy of a brief mindfulness‐based program in reducing rates of sexual assault and revictimization in college women over the course of an academic semester. Although the results were not statistically significant, a large‐magnitude effect was noted, whereby women with a history of CSA who participated in the program were less likely to be sexually assaulted and raped at 2‐month follow‐up. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 67:1–12, 2011.
Renal venous doppler ultrasonography in normal subjects and patients with diabetic nephropathy: Value of venous impedance index measurements
Authors: Jeong Seok Hwan , Jung Dae Chul , Kim Sun Ho , Kim Seung Hyup
Published: May 2011

Objectives:

To provide reference values of intrarenal venous impedance index (VII) measured with duplex Doppler ultrasonography in a healthy adult population and to assess the usefulness this index for evaluating the functional status of kidney in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Methods:

Between May 2005 and December 2009, Doppler ultrasonography of both kidneys was performed in 164 healthy volunteers (controls) and 58 patients with DN. Renal interlobar and segmental vein Doppler waveforms and VII were obtained and compared between groups using the Student's t test. Correlation between VII and serum creatinine concentration (SCC) was calculated.

Results:

In controls, the mean VII was lower in interlobar than in segmental renal veins (p < 0.01), without difference between the right and left kidneys. Waveform modulation was dampened in DN patients whose mean VII (0.32 ± 0.18) was lower than in controls (0.38 ± 0.18) (p < 0.01). SCC showed moderate correlations (r = 0.65) with intrarenal VII in the patient group.

Conclusions:

Renal VII is typically lower in DN than in controls and moderately correlated with SCC, which reflects renal function in DN, but does not offer a significant advantage over arterial resistance index. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011
Interplay between glycogen synthase kinase‐3β and tau in the cerebellum of Hsp27 transgenic mouse
Authors: Wang Shan , Toth Melinda Erzsebet , Bereczki Erika , Santha Miklos , Guan Zhi‐Zhong , Winblad Bengt , Pei Jin‐Jing
Published: May 2011

The association between heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) and hyperphosphorylated tau has gained attention for more than a decade, but it has never been explored in vivo. In the present study, we found that tau phosphorylated at S396/404 (PHF‐1) and S262 sites was significantly increased in the cerebellum of Hsp27 transgenic mice, which was concomitant with increased glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK3β) phosphorylated at Y216 and decreased GSK3β phosphorylated at S9. Neither 70‐kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K; total p70S6K, p70S6K at T389, and p70S6K at T421/S424) nor protein phosphatase PP2A (total PP2A, PP2A at Y307, methylated or demethylated PP2A) was changed. This suggests that the increased tau phosphorylation at S396/404 and S262 sites may be induced by Hsp27 through enhancement of GSK3β activity in the mouse cerebellum. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemical fractionation of phosphorus in calcareous soils of Hamedan, western Iran under different land use
Authors: Jalali Mohsen , Sajadi Tabar S.
Published: May 2011

We investigated the effects of land uses on P distribution and availability in selected calcareous soils under different management practices. KCl‐P (labile P), NaOH‐P (Fe‐Al‐bound P), HCl‐P (Ca‐bound P), and residual P (Res‐P) fractions at 0–30 cm depth were determined for soils planted to garlic, orchard, pasture, potato, leafy vegetables, and wheat. Trends in P distribution between chemical fractions were similar between land uses. Ca‐bound P was the most abundant P fraction in the soils, constituting between 61% and 78% of the total P, whereas P associated with labile was less abundant (< 2%). Soils under leafy vegetables and wheat along with pasture presented the highest and lowest values in all fractions of P, respectively. Labile P generally was highest for leafy vegetables and potato. Labile P and Fe‐Al‐bound P comprised < 1.4% and 8% of total P, respectively. Residual P ranged from ≈ 14% (potato and garlic) to 31% (pasture). Long‐term fertilization increased P allocation to inorganic fractions, as Ca‐bound P contained 78% of total P for potato and garlic and 74% for leafy vegetables but 61% for pasture. A strong positive correlation between labile P and Fe‐Al‐bound P (r = 0.534, p < 0.01), labile P and Ca‐bound P (r = 0.574, p < 0.01), Ca‐bound P and Fe‐Al‐bound P (r = 0.504, p < 0.01), Olsen‐P and CaCl2‐P (r = 0.821, p < 0.01) was found. Principal‐component analysis showed that the first four components accounted for most of the variation, 32.5%, 16.9%, 12.9%, and 7.9% of total variation, respectively.
The potential of mycorrhizal inoculation and organic amendment to increase yields of Galega orientalis and Helianthus tuberosus in a spoil‐bank substrate
Authors: Püschel David , Rydlová Jana , Sudová Radka , Gryndler Milan , Vosátka Miroslav
Published: May 2011

An agricultural use of reclaimed coal‐mine spoil banks is limited to nonfood crop uses and provides potential for biofuel crops. Two high‐biomass crops—Galega orientalis and Helianthus tuberosus—were cultivated in a greenhouse pot experiment conducted in sterilized and nonsterile spoil bank clay. We aimed (1) to determine the possibility of reducing the applied rate of organic amendments (thus decreasing the costs of spoil‐bank reclamation) and (2) to assess whether the inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can improve plant growth and biomass accumulation of bioenergy crops even in nonsterile soil containing naturally occurring AMF. The spoil substrate was either unamended or treated with a mixture of composted urban waste and ligno‐cellulose at a rate corresponding to 40 t ha–1. Three native AMF isolates or three isolates from the International Bank of Glomeromycota (BEG) originating from man‐made ecosystems were used for inoculation.

Generally, both plant species positively responded to both mycorrhizal inoculation and organic amendment. While G. orientalis did not show any preferences towards the AMF inoculum origin in the nonsterile soil, for H. tuberosus the specific combination of organic amendment and BEG isolates resulted in highest yields of shoot biomass. The study shows that the successful planting of both tested crops requires the organic amendment. However, its dosage can be substantially reduced. The effectiveness of mycorrhizal inoculation can vary for the combination of plant species and the origin of the applied AMF.
Plant growth, leaf photosynthesis, and nutrient‐use efficiency of citrus rootstocks decrease with phosphite supply
Authors: César Bachiega Zambrosi Fernando , Mattos Dirceu , Syvertsen James P.
Published: May 2011

Some formulations of phosphite (Phi) have been recommended as a source of P nutrition for several crops including citrus even though there are known negative effects of Phi on plant growth. Changes in plant growth and metabolism after Phi application should be reflected in altered nutrient‐use efficiency and leaf photosynthesis. We carried out a greenhouse study using seedlings of two contrasting citrus (Citrus spp.) rootstocks, Carrizo citrange (CC) and Smooth Flat Seville (SFS), growing in either aerated hydroponic culture or sterilized native sandy soil. Plants were subjected to four P treatments: No P (control, P0); 0.5 mM Pi (PO4‐P); 0.25 mM Pi + 0.25 mM Phi (Pi + Phi), or 0.5 mM Phi (Phi). Photosynthetic characteristics, concentrations of total P (Pt) and soluble PO4‐P or PO3‐P in leaves and roots, and plant growth were evaluated after 80–83 d P treatments. Overall, the Pi plants had the highest Pt (total P) and total plant dry weight while the P0 plants had the lowest Pt but highest total root length and root‐to‐shoot ratio. Leaf chlorophyll (SPAD readings) and net assimilation of CO2 (ACO2) of the P0 and Phi plants were similarly lower than those of Pi and Pi + Phi plants. Growth responses of the Pi + Phi treatment were intermediate between the Pi and Phi treatments. Although Phi increased Pt and soluble‐PO4‐P concentration in leaves and roots above the P0 treatment, this did not translate into increased plant growth. In fact, the Phi treatment had some phytotoxic symptoms, impaired P‐ and N‐utilization efficiency for biomass production as well as lower nutrient‐use efficiency in the photosynthetic process. Thus, these two rootstocks could not use Phi as a nutritional source of P.
A nomogram predicting the probability of primary breast cancer survival at 2‐ and 5‐years using pathological and biological tumor parameters
Authors: Mazouni Chafika , Bonnier Pascal , Romain Sylvie , Martin Pierre‐Marie
Published: May 2011

Purpose

Our objective was to develop a nomogram to predict individual overall survival (OS) for primary breast cancer, based on pathological and biological tumor parameters.

Methods

A retrospective study in a cohort of 180 patients with primary breast cancer was used to build the nomogram. Pathological factors and tumor proteases measured prospectively in primary tumors were used. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to explore the relationship with OS, and regression coefficients were used to build the nomogram. The nomogram was internally validated with 200 bootstrap re‐samples.

Results

The final variables included in the nomogram comprised tumor size (P = 0.04), nodal pathological status (P = 0.01), estrogen receptor status (P = 0.04), urokinase plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1; P = 0.02), thymidine kinase (P = 0.03), and cathepsin D (P = 0.004). The predictive accuracy of the nomogram at estimating the probability of OS, at both 2 and 5 years, was respectively 0.874 and 0.832 before and after calibration.

Conclusion

A nomogram to predict 2‐ and 5‐year OS in BC, using histological and biological parameters was successfully developed. This prognostic tool should prove useful in decision‐making and therapeutic research. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:746–750. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Commodification of Volunteer Tourism: a Comparative Study of Volunteer Tourists in Vietnam and in Thailand
Authors: Coren Nathalie , Gray Tim
Published: May 2011

Volunteer tourism (VT) has often been depicted as a means of avoiding the commodification of tourism (and even ecotourism) by ensuring that local communities benefit from VT, both environmentally and economically, and that there is authentic engagement by the tourists with indigent people and their cultures. However, critics have questioned this claim, arguing that VT has become little different from tourism and ecotourism, entailing commodification by providing profit for VT organizations rather than for local communities and consuming rather than respecting local environments and cultures. This study tests these claims and counterclaims by a comparative analysis of two VT experiences, one in Vietnam and the other in Thailand. The findings of the study are that although each cohort of volunteer tourists (VTs) exhibited elements of both decommodification and commodification, on a continuum of decommodification and commodification, the Vietnam VTs were closer to the decommodification node, whereas the Thailand VTs were closer to the commodification node. In part, this was because the Vietnam VT project was pitched more towards conservation research, whereas the Thailand VT project was pitched more towards vacation conservation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation and correction of seed recovery bias from moist‐soil cores
Authors: Hagy Heath M. , Straub Jacob N. , Kaminski Richard M.
Published: May 2011

Scientists estimate seed abundances to calculate seasonal carrying capacities and assess wetland management actions for waterfowl and other wildlife using soil core samples. We evaluated recovery of known quantities of moist‐soil seeds from whole and subsampled experimental core samples containing 12 seed taxa representing small, medium, and large size classes. We recovered 86.3% (SE = 1.8) of all seeds added to experimental cores; 8.3% (SE = 1.2) of seeds were destroyed during the sieving process and 5.4% (SE = 1.2) were not recovered by observers. Recovery rates varied by seed size, but not seed quantity or disproportionate ratios of seed‐size classes. Overall seed recovery rates were similar between subsampled (${\bar {x}}$ = 81.2%, SE = 3.6) and whole–processed core samples (${\bar {x}}$ = 86.3%, SE = 1.8). We used recovery rates to generate size‐specific, taxon‐specific, and constant correction factors and applied each to actual core sample data. Size‐specific correction factors increased seed mass estimates in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (${\bar {x}}$ = 10.1%, SE = 0.32), upper Midwest (${\bar {x}}$ = 21.2%, SE = 0.61), and both regions combined (${\bar {x}}$ = 15.7%, SE = 0.51) differently, as seed composition in core samples varied regionally. We suggest scientists consider using size‐specific correction factors to account for seed recovery bias in core samples because these factors may be applied to a variety of taxa and produced similar mass estimates as taxon‐specific correction factors. However, if data from core samples are unavailable at the resolution of seed size classes, we suggest increasing seed mass estimates by 16% to account for seed recovery bias. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Effects of management on double‐crested cormorant nesting colony fidelity
Authors: Strickland Bronson K. , Dorr Brian S. , Pogmore Fred , Nohrenberg Gary , Barras Scott C. , Mcconnell John E. , Gobeille John
Published: May 2011

The increase of double‐crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus; hereafter, cormorant) populations during the last 2 decades has impacted many stakeholder groups. The negative effects of nesting cormorants on trees and other vegetation have motivated private organizations and government agencies to manage nesting colonies and reduce their impacts to private property and public resources. Management‐induced reproductive failure has been shown to influence cormorant inter‐annual nesting colony fidelity, but not complete abandonment from a nesting colony site. We attached very high frequency (VHF) transmitters and Global Positioning System (GPS) transmitters to nesting cormorants to monitor their movement response on a managed site (Young Island, VT [YI]) and an unmanaged site (Four Brothers Islands, NY [FB]). Additionally, we monitored these sites to determine the influence of management activities on subsequent‐year colonization. On YI, management consisted of egg‐oiling all cormorant nests (some nests had been oiled in previous years) and culling approximately 20% of adults. Annual dispersal rates did not differ between managed and unmanaged sites, but a nesting period interaction occurred with greater dispersal on the managed site following the incubation period. After 4 years of both egg oiling and culling, cormorant nesting on YI declined to zero. Simultaneously, cormorant numbers increased on the nearby unmanaged FB. We propose either the cumulative effect of partial or complete reproductive failure (8 yr) or simply the inclusion of adult culling (4 yr) caused the abandonment. From a colony‐specific management perspective, the rapid decline was beneficial to the goal of restoring the vegetative community on YI. The effects of adult culling at nesting colonies, prior‐year reproductive failure caused by egg oiling, or the combination of these factors may be required for complete and rapid nesting site abandonment. The use of culling adult breeders reduced nesting and likely limits the cost and logistics of control and allows more rapid initiation of mitigation measures and island habitat restoration. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Sensitivity and specificity of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of isolated sphenoid sinus diseases
Authors: Fawaz Samia A. , Ezzat Waleed F. , Salman Manal I.
Published: May 2011

Objectives/Hypothesis:

The sphenoid sinus is uncommonly affected by inflammatory or neoplastic lesions. Initial onset of isolated sphenoid sinus diseases (ISSD) is generally asymptomatic. The objectives of this study were to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing ISSD and establish guidelines to declare hidden ISSD through correlation of radiological diagnosis to final pathological diagnosis.

Study Design:

A prospective cohort study.

Methods:

There were 66 patients with isolated sphenoid sinus lesions presenting to Ain‐Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt. Provisional diagnosis of ISSD was done by CT and MRI, followed by histopathologic and immunohistochemical staining, and if needed microbiological examination of resected specimens to establish the final diagnosis.

Results:

Patients were classified into four groups according to the type of lesion: inflammatory, neoplastic, bony dysplastic disorders, and sphenoid sinus roof defect‐related lesions. Radiological imaging provided the greatest diagnostic information and guided management. The sensitivity of CT and MRI in diagnosing inflammatory lesions was 95% versus 61%, whereas those of the neoplastic group were 72% and 100%, respectively. In the osseous group the sensitivity was 100% for both CT and MRI, whereas in sphenoid sinus roof defect the sensitivity was 50% and 100% for CT and MRI, respectively.

Conclusions:

Because of CT's superiority in defining the bony margins and MRI's superior soft tissue resolution, CT and MRI should be used in a complementary manner in the evaluation of isolated sphenoid sinus disease in addition to mapping the lesion better and identifying intracranial and intraorbital extension. The use of one modality only should be restricted to straightforward lesions.
Variables related to recurrence of pleomorphic adenomas: Outcome of parotid surgery in 182 cases
Authors: Riad Magdy Amin , Abdel‐Rahman Hussein , Ezzat Waleed F. , Adly Ahmad , Dessouky Ossama , Shehata Mohamed
Published: May 2011

Objective:

We present our experience in parotid surgery for pleomorphic adenomas; analyzing a prospectively recorded database of parotidectomy; aiming to identify independent variables related to adenoma recurrence.

Study Design:

Prospective case series.

Methods:

Data of 182 patients; 164 new tumors and 18 revision parotidectomies were analyzed. The main outcome measure was tumor recurrence; the analyzed variables were age, gender, tumor size and site, safety margin, tumor puncture, spillage, adherence to facial nerve, surgical procedure, and follow‐up period.

Results:

Five new patients had a recurrence, two revision cases had second recurrence (11%), the overall recurrence rate was 3.8%. Recurrence rate was not related to age, gender, or duration of follow‐up. Recurrence was related to larger tumors, tumors less than 30 mm in diameter are unlikely to recur. Tumor recurrence was inversely related to safety margin. Tumors with a diameter of 4 cm or more have no margins. All the seven tumors that recurred were punctured. Spillage was reported in five patients, four had a recurrence (80%). Tumor capsules were related to facial nerve in 75 cases; 6 of them had a recurrence (8%).

Conclusions:

Tumor puncture and spillage were the only variables that have an independent effect on recurrence, 26.9% of punctured tumors and 80% of cases of spillage recurred (P = .043 and P = .035, respectively). Although tumor size, safety margin, and adherence to facial nerve are related to recurrence, logistic regression suggests that these are confounding variables influencing recurrence through effect on puncture and spillage rates.
Explicit Riemann‐Hilbert problems in Hardy spaces
Authors: Semmler Gunter
Published: May 2011

This paper is concerned with boundary value problems for holomorphic functions in the unit disc, where the boundary condition is given by an explicit equation for the real and imaginary part of the solution on the unit circle. Relaxing the smoothness assumptions in well‐known results for problems of this type we can still prove the solvability in Hardy spaces Hp for continuous right‐hand sides where p depends on the at most linear growth of the restriction curves. We introduce the notion wrapping solution for a class of functions that has no counterpart in the theory where the solvability is considered only in the class of functions extending continuously onto the closed unit disc. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Urinary exosomes and proteomics
Authors: Moon Pyong‐Gon , You Sungyong , Lee Jeong‐Eun , Hwang Daehee , Baek Moon‐Chang
Published: May 2011

A number of highly abundant proteins in urine have been identified through proteomics approaches, and some have been considered as disease‐biomarker candidates. These molecules might be clinically useful in diagnosis of various diseases. However, none has proven to be specifically indicative of perturbations of cellular processes in cells associated with urogenital diseases. Exosomes could be released into urine which flows through the kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra, with a process of filtration and reabsorption. Urinary exosomes have been recently suggested as alternative materials that offer new opportunities to identify useful biomarkers, because these exosomes secreted from epithelial cells lining the urinary track might reflect the cellular processes associated with the pathogenesis of diseases in their donor cells. Proteomic analysis of such urinary exosomes assists the search of urinary biomarkers reflecting pathogenesis of various diseases and also helps understanding the function of urinary exosomes in urinary systems. Thus, it has been recently suggested that urinary exosomes are one of the most valuable targets for biomarker development and to understand pathophysiology of relevant diseases. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 30:1185–1202, 2011
Polymere für die Tiefbohrzementierung
Authors: Plank Johann
Published: May 2011

Tiefbohrungen nach Öl oder Gas stellen besondere Anforderungen an den Zement, der das Bohrloch befestigt. Erst polymere Zusatzmittel wie Verzögerer, Wasserretentionsmittel, Dispergiermittel, Entschäumer und Schäumer machen den Einsatz bei Tiefen bis fast 10 000 Meter mit Temperaturen bis 260 °C und Drücken bis 2000 bar möglich.
Aus der Kartonverpackung in die Babynahrung
Authors: Nehls Irene , Koch Matthias , Gärtner Sonja , Balski Matthias , Köppen Robert
Published: May 2011

Lebensmittel in Recyclingkartons finden sich längst in allen Supermärkten. Doch die schützende Verpackung kann zu einer Quelle für Kontaminationen durch Phthalate werden. Analytik und Migration dieser hormonell wirksamen Weichmacher sind daher ein aktueller Forschungsschwerpunkt.
Neues vom Sicherheitsdatenblatt
Authors: Dettke Jochen
Published: May 2011

Nachdem in den letzten zwei Jahren die europäische Chemikalienverordnung Reach vor allem Hersteller und Importeure von Stoffen auf Trab gehalten hat, rutschen seit Ablauf der ersten Registrierungsfrist im Dezember 2010 die Aufgaben in der Lieferkette jetzt eine Stufe weiter zu den Formulierern.
Österreichs Comeback
Authors: Pummer Johann
Published: May 2011

Nach dem krisenhaften Jahr 2009 sprang die Konjunktur wieder an, und die Nachfrage nach Chemieprodukten stieg weltweit. Davon profitierte die österreichische chemische Industrie früh.
A Chemical Engineer's View of the Red Mud Disaster
Authors: Szépvölgyi Jαnos
Published: May 2011

The red mud disaster of October 4, 2010, followed the collapse of the Chamber 10 dam in Ajka Alumina Refinery, Hungary. Serious questions then arose about the properties of red mud, its health and environmental impacts, disposal of red mud, and the reasons for the collapse of the embankment.
Micro‐ and Mesoporous Materials: On the way to Applications
Authors: Kaučič Venčeslav
Published: May 2011

Recent developments in the field of microporous and mesoporous materials show the potential for applications in the area of environment protection, renewable energy exploitation, and health care.
Anfangsschwierigkeiten oder Dauerzustand?
Authors: Klinkner Roman , Holzmann Britta
Published: May 2011

Seit Januar 2010 gibt es in Deutschland als Akkreditierungsagentur für Laboratorien nur noch die Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle (Dakks). Zu Beginn dieses Jahres hat das Beratungsunternehmen Klinkner  & Partner Laboratorien gefragt, wie zufrieden sie mit der Arbeit der neuen Behörde sind.
A simple noniterative principal component technique for rapid noise reduction in parallel MR images
Authors: Patel Anand S. , Duan Qi , Robson Philip M. , McKenzie Charles A. , Sodickson Daniel K.
Published: May 2011

The utilization of parallel imaging permits increased MR acquisition speed and efficiency; however, parallel MRI usually leads to a deterioration in the signal‐to‐noise ratio when compared with otherwise equivalent unaccelerated acquisitions. At high accelerations, the parallel image reconstruction matrix tends to become dominated by one principal component. This has been utilized to enable substantial reductions in g‐factor‐related noise. A previously published technique achieved noise reductions via a computationally intensive search for multiples of the dominant singular vector which, when subtracted from the image, minimized joint entropy between the accelerated image and a reference image. We describe a simple algorithm that can accomplish similar results without a time‐consuming search. Significant reductions in g‐factor‐related noise were achieved using this new algorithm with in vivo acquisitions at 1.5 T with an eight‐element array. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aircraft control surface deflection using RBF‐based mesh deformation
Authors: Michler Andreas K.
Published: May 2011

In this paper, mesh deformation based on radial basis function (RBF) interpolation is applied to the deflection of aircraft control surfaces. A confinement technique is presented, which locally restricts mesh deformation to the vicinity of the moving component and leaves the surfaces of other components unaffected. This technique is shown to have the potential to significantly reduce the CPU time necessary for evaluating the RBF interpolants. Motivated by the directionality of control surface deflection, the idea of treating each direction of the displacements separately is introduced. It is employed for the adaptive selection of centers, and the approach termed sequential uni‐variate center adaptation. It is shown to be more efficient for both solution and evaluation processes than the standard approach, in which the same set of centers is used for every direction. Furthermore, different data sites may be imposed for different directions. It is demonstrated that this enables sliding motion of the elements on the face of a mesh block. Thereby, large control surface deflections are possible, despite the presence of a small spanwise gap between control surface and parent component. These techniques are successfully applied to the deflection of aileron and horizontal tail of a generic fighter aircraft configuration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beyond ‘The evolving discipline of public affairs’
Authors: Boddewyn Jean J.
Published: May 2011

There is much to commend about the article ‘The Evolving Discipline of Public Affairs’, but there is always room for expansion and elaboration. This article (i) associates the public affairs (PA) function with the management of firm relationships with the institutions and organizations—at once, political, social, and cultural—operating in the nonmarket environment; (ii) gives a special meaning to the concept of political behavior in terms of force and intimidation; (iii) analyzes the multiple ‘currencies’ used in PA activity; (iv) identifies the different ‘ordering systems’ that rule relationships in developed and developing countries and that can help us avoid a ‘Western’ perspective on PA; (v) associates the social responsibility element of the PA function with the unique role of business in fulfilling the ‘producer‐interest role’ in society; and (vi) draws attention to various research topics so far overlooked in PA research. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transparent and flame retardant PMMA/clay nanocomposites prepared with dual modified organoclay
Authors: Wang W. S. , Liang C. K. , Chen Y. C. , Su Y. L. , Tsai T. Y. , Chen‐Yang Y. W.
Published: May 2011

In this study, the dual modified organoclay (DMC), was successfully prepared by the successive cationic exchange reactions of the sodium montomorillonite clay (MMT) with two intercalating reagents, hexadecyl‐triphenyl‐phosphonium bromide and 2‐methacryloxy‐ethyl‐hexadecyl‐dimethyl‐ammonium bromide. A series of the PMMA/DMC nanocomposite membranes (PDCM) were then prepared with the PMMA matrix and various amounts of DMC via the solution cast method. The results of XRD, TEM, SEM, and UV–VIS measurements of the PDCMs prepared showed that the DMC particles were well dispersed in the PMMA matrix with a highly exfoliated structure. The TGA thermograms indicated that the thermal stabilities of the PDCM membranes are higher than that of the PMMA. Furthermore, the tensile mechanical property and glass transition temperature of the nanocomposites were dramatically increased with increasing the DMC content. The limiting oxygen index of PDCM membranes also indicated that the flame retardancy was significantly enhanced due to the presence of DMC. Moreover, more than 90% of the PMMA's transparency was remained in the nanocomposites. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing the Eysenck and HEXACO Models of Personality in the Prediction of Adult Delinquency
Authors: Dunlop Patrick D. , Morrison David L. , Koenig Jessica , Silcox Beejay
Published: May 2011

Drawing from self and peer reports of personality, the present study compares the structures of the HEXACO and Eysenck models of personality and the models‘ capacity to predict self reported acts of delinquency. Correlations amongst scales revealed that Psychoticism captures elements of both HEXACO Emotionality and Conscientiousness. The Eysenck Lie scale correlated positively with both self and peer reported HEXACO Honesty–Humility and Conscientiousness, suggesting that this validity scale includes substantive variance relating to the latter factors. Regression analyses of personality data from both rater sources revealed that Honesty–Humility and Psychoticism were strong predictors of delinquency that independently offered substantial incremental validity. For self reports, the Extraversion and Lie scales were also strong unique predictors of delinquency. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A preliminary investigation of services for people with personality disorder in the East Midlands region of England
Authors: Tetley Amanda , Jinks Mary , Howells Kevin , Duggan Conor , McMurran Mary , Huband Nick , Geelan Steve , Milton John , Kaul Adarsh
Published: May 2011

Aim

This paper presents a preliminary investigation of dedicated and specialist personality disorder services in three counties within the East Midlands in England (Nottinghamshire, Lincolnshire and Derbyshire). We examined (1) the levels of dedicated National Health Service, independent and voluntary service provisions for people with personality disorder in these counties and (2) the psychological and psychosocial treatments on offer.

Method

Searches were conducted to identify dedicated and specialist personality disorder services, and senior clinicians within each service were asked to complete a survey about their facility.

Results

Our findings suggest that dedicated and specialist service capacity within this region is inadequate to meet the needs of both offenders and non‐offenders with personality disorder. In addition to this, we found that there is significant disparity in the therapeutic interventions on offer across this region.

Conclusion

It is likely that similar observations apply throughout England. This suggests that the configuration and accessibility of services for people with people disorder requires a major review if these services are to meet their intended objectives. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MS‐based glycomic strategies for probing the structural details of polylactosaminoglycan chain on N‐glycans and glycoproteomic identification of its protein carriers
Authors: Wang Shui‐Hua , Wu Sz‐Wei , Khoo Kay‐Hooi
Published: May 2011

Most MS‐based glycomic and glycoproteomic analyses focus on identifying changes in terminal glyco‐epitopes represented by sialylation and fucosylation at specific positions of the terminal N‐acetyllactosamine units. Much less attention was accorded to the underlying linear or branched poly‐N‐acetyllactosamine extension from the N‐glycan trimannosyl core other than a simple inference of its presence due to mass data and hence glycosyl compositional assignment. Using the EA.hy926 cell line derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), we have systematically investigated the MALDI‐ and ESI‐MS‐based methodologies for probing the structural details of endothelial polylactosaminoglycans at both MS and MS2 levels in conjunction with the use of endo‐β‐galactosidase to identify branching motifs and initiation sites. We showed that the polylactosaminoglycan chains on the N‐glycans of EA.hy926 were less sialylated and fucosylated but more extended and branched than those of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, thus demonstrating a fundamental glycomic difference. For EA.hy926 that was investigated in more details, its polylactosaminoglycan chains were shown to be not restricted to extending from a specific antenna including the biologically important 6‐arm position. Finally, experimental conditions for glycopeptide enrichment by tomato lectin were further optimized, which led to identification of over 40 candidate endothelial membrane protein carriers of polylactosaminoglycans by proteomic analysis.
Highly active, thermo‐responsive polymeric catalytic system for reuse in aqueous and organic CuAAC reactions
Authors: Wallyn Sofie , Lammens Mieke , O'reilly Rachel K. , Prez Filip Du
Published: May 2011

Tris‐(benzyltriazolylmethyl)amine (TBTA) has been immobilized onto a styrenic monomer and subsequently copolymerized with N‐isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) to afford catalytically active thermo‐responsive copolymers for copper assisted click chemistry. P(TBTA‐co‐NIPAM) copolymers were synthesized with incorporation of between 2 and 10 ligand units per chain and tuneable molecular weight (28–148 kDa). A combination of 1H NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and elemental analysis (EA) confirmed the controlled synthesis of these polymers and allowed for quantification of the degree of TBTA‐functionalized monomer incorporation. After loading with copper(I) bromide, this homogeneous catalyst system was added to a water/ethyl acetate two‐phase system. Using this biphasic system aqueous click reactions could be performed at room temperature, while organic click chemistry could be performed above the cloud point temperature of the catalyst system. The polymer catalyst system could be regenerated via extraction by making use of its lower critical solution temperature (LCST)‐behavior, and then reused for further copper(I) catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions. While a reduced catalytic activity is observed as a result of copper leaching in aqueous click reactions, the recycling experiments in the organic phase demonstrated that this copolymer supported system allows for efficient recycling and reuse. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Patient versus clinician symptom reporting: how accurate is the detection of distress in the oncologic after‐care?
Authors: Werner Andreas , Stenner Caroline , Schüz Joachim
Published: May 2011

Objective: The high prevalence of psychosocial distress in cancer patients is well known. The objective of this study was to investigate the agreement between the self‐report of patients and the detection of distress by the treating physicians.

Methods: The participating patients were all enrolled in a structured 5‐year after‐care program in Palatinate, Germany. All tumor‐free patients with a scheduled follow‐up exam in a 3‐month time frame were asked to fill in a questionnaire regarding their psychosocial distress. The treating physicians participating in the program are family doctors or specialized physicians working in general practices. Their assessment of the patients' distress is part of the program. Agreement was evaluated using the kappa statistic.

Results: The levels of psychosocial distress were very high in the self‐rating of 2642 patients. Low concordance was observed between the ratings of the patients and the physicians, with all kappa values below 0.1. Only about every 10th patient reporting weak to severe problems with depression or anxiety was identified as such. Detection of problems by physicians was somewhat better for female than male patients and highest among breast cancer patients.

Conclusions: Overall the results of our study show that the need for psychosocial support extends past the acute treatment phase. The recognition of psychosocial distress in their patients seems to be extremely low in the outpatient, follow‐on care phase. The application of an efficient rating method should become a routine part of the follow‐up exams with physicians being trained to improve their abilities to detect the distress in the patient. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel method for designing nanostructured polymer surfaces for reduced bacteria adhesion
Authors: Dayyoub Eyas , Belz Elvira , Dassinger Nina , Keusgen Michael , Bakowsky Udo
Published: May 2011

Bacteria adhesion on implant surfaces is the major reason for local and systemic infections after implantation. In order to establish an anti‐adhesion material, we constructed self‐assembly nanostructured surfaces by wetting of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) films in ethyl acetate followed by a next step of dewetting under wet conditions. The resulting films had nanostructured surfaces with pores at nanoscale range between 200 and 500 nm. E. coli adhesion was examined on both flat spin coated and nanostructured PLGA films. The observations revealed that the bacterial adhesion onto the nanostructured surfaces was reduced in compared to the flat surfaces. Pore sizes affected the bacteria adhesion significantly. Due to its high biocompatibility and effectiveness against bacterial adhesion, these surfaces are ideal for biomedical device coatings.
Wideband near‐infrared phosphor by stacking Sm3+ doped glass underneath Yb3+, Nd3+ co‐doped glass
Authors: Fuchi Shingo , Takeda Yoshikazu
Published: May 2011

We synthesized Sb2O3‐B2O3‐Bi2O3 glasses doped with Sm3+ in order to increase the spectral width of an Yb3+, Nd3+ co‐doped glass phosphor. We successfully realized wideband luminescence from 850 nm to 1220 nm by stacking the Sm3+ doped glass phosphor (1.1Sm2O3‐44.4Sb2O3‐44.6B2O3‐9.9Bi2O3, in nominal molar composition, thickness of 1mm) underneath the Yb3+, Nd3+ co‐doped glass phosphor (1.2Yb2O3‐1.1Nd2O3‐43.9Sb2O3‐44.1B2O3‐9.7Bi2O3, thickness of 1mm). On the other hand, luminescence of the Sm3+, Yb3+, and Nd3+ tri‐doped glass phosphor (1.1Sm2O3‐1.2Yb2O3‐1.1Nd2O3‐44.4Sb2O3‐44.6B2O3‐9.9Bi2O3, thickness of 2 mm) was almost the same as that of the Yb3+, Nd3+ co‐doped glass phosphor. These results indicate that stacking the Sm3+ doped glass phosphor underneath the Yb3+, Nd3+ co‐doped glass phosphor is a good approach to realize the wideband near‐infrared phosphor. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electronic, optical and elastic properties of CuXS2 (X=Al, Ga, In) and AgGaS2 semiconductors from first‐principles calculations
Authors: Brik Mikhail G.
Published: May 2011

Four ternary semiconductors (CuAlS2, CuGaS2, CuInS2, AgGaS2) are analyzed using DFT based ab initio method as implemented in the CASTEP module of Materials Studio. Structural, electronic, elastic and optical properties are consistently calculated and compared among all compounds and with other data available in the literature; good agreement between the results of calculations and experimental data was demonstrated (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study of functional properties of thermally irreversible photochromic diarylethenes in various aggregate states
Authors: Platonova I. V. , Barachevsky V. A. , Yarovenko V. N. , Christoforova L. V. , Krayushkin M. M.
Published: May 2011

One of problems for a development of multilayer recording media for 3D bitwise working optical memory is making thin photochromic layers containing maximal concentration of photochromic compounds in the layer and developing a high efficiency of photochromic transformations. In this connection, the comparative spectral‐kinetic study of photochromism for certain thermally irreversible diarylethenes in solution, a polymer matrix and a solid film without the polymer binder was carried out for the first time. As a photochromic compounds 1,2‐bis(3‐benzothienyl‐6‐carboxyl‐2‐methyl)cyclopentene and 1,2‐bis(3‐benzothienyl‐2‐methyl‐6‐phenyl‐carbonyl)cyclopentene synthesized by the reaction of 1,2‐bis(3‐benzothienyl‐2‐methyl) cyclo‐pentene with corresponding acylation agents were used.

Polymethylmethacrylate and polycarbonate (both in granulated form and thin film) were selected as polymer binders. Differences in the structure of diarylethene not lead to any fundamental changes in the photochromic properties, in the applicable state of matter, as it was detected. The dependences of the efficiency for processes such as photocoloration, photobleaching and photodegradation from the aggregate state, the nature of the polymer binder and the structure of photochromic compounds have been revealed. The obtained results indicate that photochromic films both polymeric and thin solid are characterized by comparable photosensitivity and can be used for making a multilayer recording media for 3D bitwise working optical memory. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of oxidation temperature on photoluminescence and electrical properties of amorphous thin film SiC:H:O+Tb
Authors: Gordienko S. O. , Nazarov A. N. , Rusavsky A. V. , Vasin A. V. , Gomeniuk Yu. V. , Lysenko V. S. , Strelchuk V. V. , Nikolaenko A. S. , Ashok S.
Published: May 2011

The influence of low‐temperature oxidation on chemical composition, luminescent and electrical properties of a‐Si1‐xCx:H thin films fabricated by reactive RF magnetron sputtering has been studied. A strong dependence on RF sputtering power is seen on the electrical and chemical properties. The a‐Si1‐xCx:H films fabricated by low RF power levels followed by low‐temperature oxidation (at 450 °C‐500 °C) display high intensity of PL, good MOSCV characteristic and low leakage current through the dielectric. Increase of oxidation temperature increases precipitation of carbon nano‐inclusions in the materials, that result in reduction of PL intensity and increase of dielectric leakage. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Anderson localization of counterpropagating beams in optically induced photonic lattices
Authors: Jović Dragana , Belić Milivoj
Published: May 2011

In a numerical study, we report the first observation of transverse Anderson localization of mutually incoherent counterpropagating beams in optically induced disordered two‐dimensional photonic lattices, recorded in a photorefractive crystal. We consider a system of two broad probe beams propagating head‐on through the fixed photonic lattice. We demonstrate Anderson localization of the probe beams, by adding random disorder to the lattice. Changing the disorder we observe localization effects of the probe beams. In addition to steady state localization, we also observe the dynamical localization; that is, Anderson localization of the unstable, time‐changing counterpropagating beams (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High‐pressure high‐temperature synthesis and structure of β‐MgSiN2
Authors: Andrade Miria , Dzivenko Dmytro , Miehe Gerhard , Boehler Reinhard , Hintzen Hubertus T. , Riedel Ralf
Published: May 2011

A new phase of magnesium silicon nitride, β‐MgSiN2, is synthesized in a laser‐heated diamond anvil cell at pressure of 27 GPa and temperatures exceeding 2000 K. It crystallises in a rhombohedral caswellsilverite‐type structure (space group $ (R \bar 3m) $ with both Mg and Si atoms in octahedral coordinations – in agreement with earlier DFT calculations. In contrast to recent shock compression investigation, the β‐phase is found to metastably persist at ambient conditions. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Application of six sigma methodology to reduce defects of a grinding process
Authors: Gijo E. V. , Scaria Johny , Antony Jiju
Published: May 2011

Six Sigma is a data‐driven leadership approach using specific tools and methodologies that lead to fact‐based decision making. This paper deals with the application of the Six Sigma methodology in reducing defects in a fine grinding process of an automotive company in India. The DMAIC (Define–Measure–Analyse–Improve–Control) approach has been followed here to solve the underlying problem of reducing process variation and improving the process yield. This paper explores how a manufacturing process can use a systematic methodology to move towards world‐class quality level. The application of the Six Sigma methodology resulted in reduction of defects in the fine grinding process from 16.6 to 1.19%. The DMAIC methodology has had a significant financial impact on the profitability of the company in terms of reduction in scrap cost, man‐hour saving on rework and increased output. A saving of approximately US$2.4 million per annum was reported from this project. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.