bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La contribución de las metodologías activas y las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación para la enseñanza-aprendizaje del español de los negocios Azucena Barahona Mora
Authors: Barahona Mora Azucena
Published: September 2024

Este artículo presenta cómo las metodologías activas en combinación con las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) son procesos y herramientas eficaces para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje del español de los negocios (ENE). Se realiza una revisión teórica en torno a estos conceptos para enmarcar la práctica didáctica llevada a cabo, la cual tuvo como objetivo principal comprobar la premisa planteada. Además, con la implementación también se propuso desarrollar la competencia comunicativa y digital de los alumnos que tomaron parte, así como las habilidades necesarias para trabajar de manera cooperativa. La muestra estaba formada por un total de 36 estudiantes de español como lengua extranjera (ELE) y de Negocios y Finanzas de dos clases de 12º grado de un centro educativo norteamericano. Cada grupo usó una metodología activa distinta, esto es, el método del caso y el aprendizaje basado en proyectos (ABP), y diversas herramientas digitales. El estudio siguió un diseño mixto, cuantitativo y cualitativo, y cuasiexperimental. Como instrumentos se utilizaron una rúbrica de evaluación y una ficha de observación que sirvieron para analizar los resultados, los cuales revelaron la validez de la hipótesis y los fines de la investigación. Las conclusiones recogen que la interacción, la participación y las capacidades puestas en marcha en el trabajo con las metodologías y las TIC usadas y la motivación derivada del proceso consiguen y mejoran el aprendizaje significativo de ENE.
Derecho a la ciudad y la gestión equitativa del patrimonio urbano del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito
Authors: Rosero Bernardo
Published: September 2024

Desde 1942, el Distrito Metropolitano de Quito (DMQ) aplica políticas e instrumentos que le han permitido abordar la conservación de su patrimonio urbano. Sin embargo, su gestión no ha logrado conciliar la correcta interdependencia de derechos consagrados en la constitución ecuatoriana, profundizando una inequitativa repartición de cargas y beneficios urbanos. Con la expedición de la Ley Orgánica de Ordenamiento Territorial, Uso y Gestión del Suelo (2016), se abre la oportunidad para gestionar equitativamente las áreas históricas desde el derecho orientador del ordenamiento territorial y el planeamiento del uso y gestión del suelo –el derecho a la ciudad– y cuyo ejercicio permitiría un cambio de paradigma, reconociendo la responsabilidad colectiva de su conservación y transformación, en concordancia con la planificación y el desarrollo urbano y sostenible del territorio. En este sentido, el propósito de este artículo es plantear una reflexión acerca de cómo entendemos los procesos de conservación patrimonial sobre el territorio, los cuales y ante todo, son cargas urbanas que deben ser gestionadas y no romantizadas, y para lo cual el derecho a la ciudad juega un papel importante en el establecimiento de una equidad territorial e interdependencia de derechos.
Optimizing Compost Supply Methods for Enhanced Crop Yields in the Zinder Region of Niger
Authors: Gambo Yahoussa , Seyni Siddo , Assane Maigari Malam , Mamman Mani
Published: September 2024

This article aims to study the effect of the compost application method on grain yields of cereals (sorghum and millet) and legumes (cowpea and peanuts) in the Zinder region of Niger. The study sites are characterized by four municipalities; Albarkaram, Dakoussa, Zinder 4 and Hamdara. The data collected concerned socio-economic characteristics, compost application methods, yields with and without compost.
The results characterize the views of 87 people in total. They are made up of 97.7% men and only 2.3% women. These respondents constitute 93.1% married, 4.6% single and 2.2% widows/widowers. The group variable has five levels. The addition of compost to the field on the fly with 4 effective, the micro dose in the field with 18 effectives, the addition on the broadcast to the garden with 6 effective, the use of any two of these methods with 31 effectives and the using any three of these methods with 28 as effective. The descriptive statistics show a physical difference between the yield of millet with the use of broadcast compost (319.5) in the field and in the gardens (295.5) and that of the use of compost by micro dose (1467.83). The result is also different between the yield of sorghum from the gardens with the broadcast method (88.5) and that of the same speculation from the fields (609.16) with the micro dose compost addition method. The results of the analysis show a significant difference between the yields of millet from the micro dose at the field level and those from spreading in the garden. Likewise, a significant difference is observed between the yield of millet in the garden from spreading and that which comes from spreading the combined micro dose in the same environment.
The Role of Digital Soil Mapping in Soil Survey and Agricultural Planning
Authors: Hussain Syed. Shujat. , Ganie Ajaz.A. , Dar Waseem A. , Wani Towseef.A. , Hadayatullah Md , Baba Jahangeer.A. , Parrey Gowhar.N. , Mugloo Javeed.A. , Dar Rukhsar.A
Published: September 2024

Digital Soil Mapping (DSM) is an essential tool for soil survey and agricultural planning. It involves creating and populating spatial soil information using field and laboratory observations, often referred to as "predictive soil mapping" or "pedometric mapping." DSM provides detailed information on various soil properties, including soil pH, soil moisture content, soil organic carbon, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and nutrient concentrations such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), and other micronutrients. It also measures gypsum concentration, base saturation percentage, heavy metal concentrations, and parent material characteristics. DSM utilizes digital elevation models, geostatistical modeling, and spatial interpolation of collected soil samples from a specific area. Instruments like the Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (PXRF), combined with polynomial algorithms and various 'R' software packages, are integral to DSM. Geostatistical modeling tools such as kriging, splines, simulation options, covariance functions, semivariance functions, and variograms are employed for spatial interpolation of collected data to generate digital soil maps.
Phytochemical Study and Antimicrobial Activity of Various Extracts of Merremia tridentata (Convolvulaceae) Leaves
Authors: Sy Papa Biram , Gaye Aissatou Alioune , Fall Alioune , Mbow Bédié , Diallo Ibrahima , Diaby Nouhou , Fofana Mouhamadou
Published: September 2024

Merremia tridentata (Convolvulaceae) is a plant belonging to the African pharmacopoeia. Its leaves are traditionally used in Senegal to treat a variety of illnesses, including cancer, diabetes, ulcers, hemorrhoids, and urinary tract infections. The present study aims to highlight the presence or absence of certain families of chemical compounds through phytochemical screening, and then evaluate the antimicrobial activities of the various extracts from the leaves of Merremia tridentata. The sensitivity of the various extracts to gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATC C29212 and gram-negative isolates of bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC25922) has been studied using the disc diffusion method. This technique allows for the determination of the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the inhibition diameter. The results showed that the strain of Staphylococcus aureus is more sensitive to the various extracts. The raw ethanol extract showed better inhibition at a concentration of 3.125 mg/mL followed by the raw methanol extracts at 12.5 mg/mL. The raw methanol, dichloromethane, and defatted ethanol extracts evaluated on the Staphylococcus aureus strain ATCC29212 showed bactericidal action, however the raw ethanol extract was bacteriostatic. But, when the same extracts were tested on the Escherichia coli strain ATCC25922, only the defatted ethanol extract showed bactericidal action.
Combating Public Health Infodemics: Strategies for Misinformation Control and Evidence-based Communication
Authors: Matagi Salim Omambia
Published: September 2024

This manuscript addresses the critical need to combat the public health infodemic, which can potentially undermine health interventions through the spread of misinformation and disinformation. It focuses on key areas where misinformation is most prevalent and proposes evidence-based strategies to counteract these threats. The manuscript outlines a multifaceted approach, including media literacy education, enhanced public communication strategies, and policy recommendations to promote accurate, reliable health information. By providing these solutions, this work aims to enhance public trust and improve the effectiveness of health communication efforts.
Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Land Use / Land Covers Changes Using Remote Sensing and GIS: A Case Study from Bijoy River Basin, Tripura, India
Authors: Palaniyandi Masimalai , Mahato Dibakar
Published: September 2024

Better understanding of land use / land covers changes in the transformation at the local, regional, and the national level provides guidelines for planning, management and monitoring developmental programs. The study area namely; Bijoy river basin is located from Northeastern part of the Tripura State in India, is mostly pretentious by LULC changes including deforestation, settlement encroachment swampy land filled, Jhum cultivation, rubber plantation etc., The increase or decrease of the geographical areal unit of each land use / land cover categories are analyzed. Mapping the spatial and temporal aspects of land use/land cover changes for the period of 20 years at five years interval from 2003 to 2023 is carried out using Landsat TM 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 OLI/TIRS satellite data with the aid of QGIS software.  The LULC are delineated that built-up area is steadily increased, signifying the growth and development of residential, commercial, and industrial regions from 1.573101 to 6.662455. The area under agricultural lands declined affectedly, indicating a conversion of agricultural lands to other land uses, such as urbanization or industrialization and rubber plantation from 34.37884 to 24.16139, and the forest cover declined from 35.83747 to 27.46631, indicating that factors such as agricultural development, urbanization, or illicit logging have contributed to deforestation. There has been a significant rise in the area covered by rubber plantations from 4.084427 to 25.86129, suggesting that commercial rubber cultivation has spread throughout the region. The area covered by water bodies is decreased from 7.012693 to 5.835399. The area under open ground dropped from 9.66931 to 7.395732, which could be a sign that different development activities are using open areas. The amount of barren land fell from 20.44768 to 2.479626, most likely as a result of various land uses such as urban expansion, agriculture, and plantations, and the area under brick chambers increased from 0.028178 to 0.137806, indicating a rise in infrastructure development and construction activity. Significant changes in land use / covers brought out by industrialization, urbanization, infrastructure growth, and the agricultural expansion. Increased rubber plantations, and building extension activities are caused a decrease in agricultural land, forest cover, water bodies, and open bare grounds.
Levels of Engagement of South Asian Participants in Health Research: Effectiveness of Community-Based Research (CBR) Framework
Authors: Alamgir Akm , Roy Pretha , Taverna Franco
Published: September 2024

Objectives: This study aims to explore the levels of engagement of South Asian participants in health research and to assess the effectiveness of the Community-Based Research (CBR) framework in promoting health equity among this diaspora in Canada. This review also seeks to identify the effectiveness of the democratic and inclusive model of CBR in integrating marginalized communities into health research. 
Methods: This review was conducted following Alamgir, et al.’s supplementation of Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodological framework. EBSCO CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, and Ovid APA PsycINFO databases were searched with assistance from a University of Toronto librarian. Open-access papers, grey literature, and articles were searched through a snowball approach following the bibliographies of collected articles. The included articles fulfilled strict inclusion criteria and were published in English between January 2004 and July 2024. The data was screened, charted, and assessed for quality, rigour, and level of community engagement. The PI supervised, reviewed, supported, and edited each step in an insider-outsider role.  
Results: Out of 63 articles, 20 were selected, revealing unique methodologies and interaction models to engage with South Asian communities in research. Key findings indicate that the main challenges faced in implementing CBR in the South Asian Community are trust, transparency, and perceived benefits of the end-users in the community after the research is done. The democratic and inclusive model of CBR utilizing the Asset Based Community Development Framework engages members of the community as peer researchers throughout the research process and reports back to the community to overcome these challenges. The study also identified that the most successful methods to overcome are to adhere to culturally pertinent practices and apply a collaborative, inclusive and meaningful method of community engagement. Identified weaknesses of the research include participants not being involved throughout the entirety of the project, not many studies incorporating CBR; and a smaller number of insightful studies minimizing diversity and ensuring equity in this area. 
Conclusion: This study identifies key challenges of research on South Asians’ health and underscores the importance of adopting the Community-Based Research framework for conducting equity-informed studies with South Asians in which community members participate as research subjects and co-researchers.
Shock‐induced deformation phenomena in magnetite and their consequences on magnetic properties
Authors: Reznik Boris , Kontny Agnes , Fritz Jörg , Gerhards Uta
Published: May 2016

This study investigates the effects of shock waves on magnetic and microstructural behavior of multidomain magnetite from a magnetite‐bearing ore, experimentally shocked to pressures of 5, 10, 20, and 30 GPa. Changes in apparent crystallite size and lattice parameter were determined by X‐ray diffraction, and grain fragmentation and defect accumulation were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Magnetic properties were characterized by low‐temperature saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM), susceptibility measurements around the Verwey transition as well as by hysteresis parameters at room temperature. It is established that the shock‐induced refinement of magnetic domains from MD to SD‐PSD range is a result of cooperative processes including brittle fragmentation of magnetite grains, plastic deformation with shear bands and twins as well as structural disordering in form of molten grains and amorphous nanoclusters. Up to 10 GPa, a decrease of coherent crystallite size, lattice parameter, saturation magnetization (Ms), and magnetic susceptibility and an increase in coercivity, SIRM, and width of Verwey transition are mostly associated with brittle grain fragmentation. Starting from 20 GPa, a slight recovery is documented in all magnetic and nonmagnetic parameters. In particular, the recovery in SIRM is correlated with an increase of the lattice constant. The recovery effect is associated with the increasing influence of shock heating/annealing at high shock pressures. The strong decrease of Ms at 30 GPa is interpreted as a result of strong lattice damage and distortion. Our results unravel the microstructural mechanisms behind the loss of magnetization and the modification of magnetic properties of magnetite and contribute to our understanding of shock‐induced magnetic phenomena in impacted rocks on earth and in meteorites.
Phase speed saturation of Farley‐Buneman waves due to stochastic, self‐induced fluctuations in the background flow
Authors: Rojas E. L. , Young M. A. , Hysell D. L.
Published: May 2016

The phase speed saturation of Farley–Buneman waves is studied as an interaction with the random turbulent fluctuations in the background. We used the formalism of stochastic differential equations to model the complex interactions with a linearized system plus a stochastic term. Applying an averaging technique, we can obtain an augmented linear system that depends on the random behavior of the waves. The results show that following this approach we can obtain phase velocities that saturate close to the ion acoustic speed (Cs). This approach seems promising for the study of the influence of plasma turbulence generated by different kinds of instabilities on the mean state of the ionosphere.
The role of bubbles during air‐sea gas exchange
Authors: Emerson Steven , Bushinsky Seth
Published: May 2016

The potential for using the air‐sea exchange rate of oxygen as a tracer for net community biological production in the ocean is greatly enhanced by recent accuracy improvements for in situ measurements of oxygen on unmanned platforms. A limiting factor for determining the exchange process is evaluating the air‐sea flux contributed by bubble processes produced by breaking waves, particularly during winter months under high winds. Highly accurate measurements of noble gases (Ne, Ar & Kr) and nitrogen, N2, in seawater are tracers of the importance of bubble process in the surface mixed layer. We use measured distributions of these gases in the ventilated thermocline of the North Pacific and an annual time series of N2 in the surface ocean of the NE Subarctic Pacific to evaluate four different air‐water exchange models chosen to represent the range of model interpretation of bubble processes. We find that models must have an explicit bubble mechanism to reproduce concentrations of insoluble atmospheric gases, but there are periods when they all depart from observations. The recent model of Liang et al. (2013) stems from a highly resolved model of bubble plumes and categorizes bubble mechanisms into those that are small enough to collapse and larger ones that exchange gases before they resurface, both of which are necessary to explain the data.
Lasing and Macroscopic Coherence of Hybridized Modes in Coupled 2D Waveguide‐VCSEL Resonators
Authors: Mischok Andreas , Wagner Tim , Brückner Robert , Sudzius Markas , Fröb Hartmut , Lyssenko Vadim G. , Leo Karl
Published: May 2016

Hybrid resonators in vertical and lateral direction are introduced by depositing a full vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) stack on top of a periodically structured substrate. As a result, waveguided (WG) modes in the cavity plane are scattered into the vertical direction and exhibit linear dispersion curves in addition to the original parabolic cavity mode. A large in‐plane coherence length even below threshold enables a coherent interaction of both resonators, as observed in a pronounced anticrossing and hybridization of waveguided and VCSEL modes in the far field spectrum. Resulting from this coupling, both original VCSEL modes as well as hybrid WG‐VCSEL modes show stimulated emission. Here, hybrid modes exhibit a macroscopically increased spatial extension of the coherent laser mode, proven by both spatially resolved spectra as well as sharp modes in k‐space. The coherent coupling of two conceptually very different devices with perpendicular propagation directions facilitates a multitude of new applications.
Synthesis of Benzofurans from Ketones and 1,4‐Benzoquinones
Authors: Wu Fengtian , Bai Rongxian , Gu Yanlong
Published: May 2016

Benzofuran derivatives can be synthesized through the sequential Michael addition and cyclization of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds with 1,4‐benzoquinones. However, ketones are rarely used in this reaction because of their low nucleophilicities. In this study, this problem was solved by utilizing triethyl orthoformate, which enabled the formation of a vinyl ethyl ether as an additive. As a result, the nucleophilicity of ketones increased. Many important 5‐hydroxybenzofuran derivatives, which were not readily available by synthesis in the past, were also prepared via these newly established reactions.

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Chaperonin–Dendrimer Conjugates for siRNA Delivery
Authors: Nussbaumer Martin G. , Duskey Jason T. , Rother Martin , Renggli Kasper , Chami Mohamed , Bruns Nico
Published: May 2016

The group II chaperonin thermosome (THS) is a hollow protein nanoparticle that can encapsulate macromolecular guests. Two large pores grant access to the interior of the protein cage. Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) is conjugated into THS to act as an anchor for small interfering RNA (siRNA), allowing to load the THS with therapeutic payload. THS–PAMAM protects siRNA from degradation by RNase A and traffics KIF11 and GAPDH siRNA into U87 cancer cells. By modification of the protein cage with the cell‐penetrating peptide TAT, RNA interference is also induced in PC‐3 cells. THS–PAMAM protein–polymer conjugates are therefore promising siRNA transfection reagents and greatly expand the scope of protein cages in drug delivery applications.
Discerning the Surface and Bulk Recombination Kinetics of Organic–Inorganic Halide Perovskite Single Crystals
Authors: Wu Bo , Nguyen Huy Tiep , Ku Zhiliang , Han Guifang , Giovanni David , Mathews Nripan , Fan Hong Jin , Sum Tze Chien
Published: May 2016

Organic–inorganic halide perovskite single crystals possess many outstanding properties conducive for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications. However, a clear photophysics picture is still elusive, particularly, their surface and bulk photophysics are inexorably convoluted by the spectral absorbance, defects, coexisting photoexcited species, etc. In this work, an all‐optical study is presented that clearly distinguishes the surface kinetics from those of the bulk in the representative methylammonium‐lead bromide (MAPbBr3) and ‐lead iodide (MAPbI3) single crystals. It is found that the bulk recombination lifetime of the MAPbBr3 single crystal is shortened significantly by approximately one to two orders (i.e., from ≈34 to ≈1 ns) at the surface with a surface recombination velocity of around 6.7 × 103 cm s−1. The surface trap density is estimated to be around 6.0 × 1017 cm−3, which is two orders larger than that of the bulk (5.8 × 1015 cm−3). Correspondingly, the diffusion length of the surface excited species is ≈130–160 nm, which is considerably reduced compared to the bulk value of ≈2.6–4.3 μm. Furthermore, the surface region has a wider bandgap that possibly arises from the strong lattice deformation. The findings provide new insights into the intrinsic photophysics essential for single crystal perovskite photovoltaics and optoelectronic devices.
Whole‐gene sequencing investigation ofSAT1in attempted suicide
Authors: Monson Eric T. , de Klerk Kelly , Gaynor Sophia C. , Wagner Alex H. , Breen Marie E. , Parsons Meredith , Casavant Thomas L. , Zandi Peter P. , Potash James B. , Willour Virginia L.
Published: May 2016

Suicidal behavior imposes a tremendous cost, with current US estimates reporting approximately 1.3 million suicide attempts and more than 40,000 suicide deaths each year. Several recent research efforts have identified an association between suicidal behavior and the expression level of the spermidine/spermine N1‐acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1) gene. To date, severalSAT1genetic variants have been inconsistently associated with altered gene expression and/or directly with suicidal behavior. To clarify the roleSAT1genetic variation plays in suicidal behavior risk, we present a whole‐gene sequencing effort ofSAT1in 476 bipolar disorder subjects with a history of suicide attempt and 473 subjects with bipolar disorder but no suicide attempts. Agilent SureSelect target enrichment was used to sequence all exons, introns, promoter regions, and putative regulatory regions identified from the ENCODE project within 10 kb ofSAT1. Individual variant, haplotype, and collapsing variant tests were performed. Our results identified no variant or assessed region ofSAT1that showed a significant association with attempted suicide, nor did any assessment show evidence for replication of previously reported associations. Overall, no evidence forSAT1sequence variation contributing to the risk for attempted suicide could be identified. It is possible that past associations ofSAT1expression with suicidal behavior arise from variation not captured in this study, or that causal variants in the region are too rare to be detected within our sample. Larger sample sizes and broader sequencing efforts will likely be required to identify the source ofSAT1expression level associations with suicidal behavior. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bistability of mitotic entry and exit switches during open mitosis in mammalian cells
Authors: Hégarat Nadia , Rata Scott , Hochegger Helfrid
Published: May 2016

Mitotic entry and exit are switch‐like transitions that are driven by the activation and inactivation of Cdk1 and mitotic cyclins. This simple on/off reaction turns out to be a complex interplay of various reversible reactions, feedback loops, and thresholds that involve both the direct regulators of Cdk1 and its counteracting phosphatases. In this review, we summarize the interplay of the major components of the system and discuss how they work together to generate robustness, bistability, and irreversibility. We propose that it may be beneficial to regard the entry and exit reactions as two separate reversible switches that are distinguished by differences in the state of phosphatase activity, mitotic proteolysis, and a dramatic rearrangement of cellular components after nuclear envelope breakdown, and discuss how the major Cdk1 activity thresholds could be determined for these transitions.
Plasma metabolomic profile and potential biomarkers for missed abortion
Authors: Fei He , Hou Jiebin , Wu Zhenghong , Zhang Liwen , Zhao Hongxia , Dong Xin , Chen Yaping
Published: May 2016

A missed abortion (MA) is an in utero death of the embryo or fetus before the 20th week of gestation with retained products of conception, and this condition is currently common in China. In order to discover novel biomarkers for MA, ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography was applied to study plasma metabolite profiles for 33 patients with MA and 29 control subjects. Thirty‐seven differential plasma metabolites were found to discriminate between the two groups in the initial cohort (15 subjects with MA and 15 healthy controls). The feasibility of using these potential biomarkers to predict MA was further evaluated in the validation cohort (18 subjects with MA and 14 healthy controls) and 15 had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of >0.80, making them satisfactory. Tryptophan metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism were identified as important potential target pathways for MA using metabolic pathway impact analysis. Furthermore, three of the 15 satisfactory metabolites (glyceric acid, indole and sphingosine) were combined to establish a predictive model with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity in the validation cohort. Taken together, these results suggest that MA results in significant disturbance of metabolism and those various novel biomarkers have satisfactory diagnostic and predictive power for MA.
Aniline‐Promoted Cyclization–Replacement Cascade Reactions of 2‐Hydroxycinnamaldehydes with Various Carbonic Nucleophiles through In Situ Formed N,O‐Acetals
Authors: Yu Chenguang , Huang He , Li Xiangmin , Zhang Yueteng , Li Hao , Wang Wei
Published: May 2016

In this study, we report the harnessing of new reactivity of N,O‐acetals in an aminocatalytic fashion for organic synthesis. Unlike widely used strategies requiring the use of acids and/or elevated temperatures, direct replacement of the amine component of the N,O‐acetals by carbon‐centered nucleophiles for C−C bond formation is realized under mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, without necessary preformation of the N,O‐acetals, an amine‐catalyzed in situ formation of N,O‐acetals is developed. Coupling both reactions into a one‐pot operation enables the achievement of a catalytic process. We demonstrate the employment of simple anilines as promoters for the cyclization–substitution cascade reactions of trans‐2‐hydroxycinnamaldehydes with various carbonic nucleophiles including indoles, pyrroles, naphthols, phenols, and silyl enol ethers. The process offers an alternative approach to structurally diverse, “privileged” 2‐substituted 2H‐chromenes. The synthetic power of the new process is furthermore shown by its application in a 2‐step synthesis of the natural product candenatenin E and for the facile installation of 2‐substituted 2H‐chromene moieties into biologically active indoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Conduction Mechanism of Leakage Current in Ta2O5 Films on Si Prepared by LPCVD.
Authors: ZAIMA S. , FURUTA T. , KOIDE Y. , YASUDA Y. , IIDA M.
Published: May 2016

In as‐deposited Ta2O5 films, the leakage current is very large, but it decreases drastically after annealing of the film in O2 at temp. in the range 600‐900 °C. For films annealed below 800°C, the dominant conduction mechanism at room temp. is hopping.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of V2O5. Part 2. Reduction by Hydrogen.
Authors: STANDER F. , VAN VUUREN C. P. J.
Published: May 2016

In the course of the exothermic reduction reaction of V2O5 by H2 to yield V2O3, various intermediates with the general composition VnO2n‐1 with 4 ≤ n ≤ 8 are observed.
ChemInform Abstract: Biocatalytic Preparation of Chiral β‐Hydroxy Esters Substituted with Heteroring at γ‐Position.
Authors: KURUMAYA K. , TAKATORI K. , ISII R. , KAJIWARA M.
Published: May 2016

The heterocyclic β‐keto carboxylates (I) and (III) are reduced with microorganisms to produce the (R)‐ and (S)‐alcohols (II) and (IV) respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity and Selectivity of N‐Vinylic λ5‐Phosphazenes Towards Electrophiles. Synthesis of 2‐Aza‐1,3‐dienes.
Authors: BARLUENGA J. , FERRERO M. , PALACIOS F.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of (I) with (II) or (VIII)/(IX) yields important azadienes such as (III) and (X), which could be valuable intermediates in the synthesis for new amino acid derivatives and heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Accelerated Reactions in a Microwave Oven: Synthesis of Heterocycles.
Authors: BOSE A. K. , MANHAS M. S. , GHOSH M. , RAJU V. S. , TABEI K. , URBANCZYK‐LIPKOWSKA Z.
Published: May 2016

The heterocyclization reactions, outlined in the reaction scheme, are accelerated by microwave irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: UV Spectrum and the Kinetics and Reaction Pathways of the Self‐Reaction of CH2CH2OH Radicals.
Authors: ANASTASI C. , SIMPSON V. , MUNK J. , PAGSBERG P.
Published: May 2016

The title radical is generated by addition of OH radicals to ethylene.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation Chemistry of d0 Organometallic Complexes.
Authors: BURK M. J. , TUMAS W. , WARD M. D. , WHEELER D. R.
Published: May 2016

The observation of identical products, stereochemistry, and driving‐force dependence of electron‐transfer rates (compound (I)) for the electrochemical and chemical oxidation of (I) and (II) clearly indicates identical reaction pathways and substantiates an outer‐sphere electron‐transfer process.
ChemInform Abstract: Are Chelates Truly Intermediates in Cram′s Chelate Rule?
Authors: CHEN X. , HORTELANO E. R. , ELIEL E. L. , FRYE S. V.
Published: May 2016

Yes, they are.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 2,2‐Dichlorotrifluoro‐1‐iodoethane with Zinc.
Authors: EAPEN K. C.
Published: May 2016

Under the influence of zinc, the title compound (I) forms the expected butane (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of 1,1,4,4‐Butanetetracarboxylic Acid. A Di‐γ‐carboxyglutamic Acid (GlaGla) Analogue.
Authors: CABANISS S. E. , PUGH K. C. , CHARIFSON P. S. , PEDERSEN L. G. , HISKEY R. G.
Published: May 2016

Coupling of the lithium salt of di‐tert‐butyl malonate (I) with 1,2‐dibromoethane (II) produces 1,1,4,4‐tetra‐tert‐butyl butanetetracarboxylate (III) from which the title compound (IV) is obtained upon hydrolysis with TFA.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Route to (R)‐α‐Hydroxy Carboxylic Acids and (2R)‐1‐Amino‐2‐alkanols from (R)‐Cyanohydrins.
Authors: ZIEGLER T. , HOERSCH B. + , EFFENBERGER F.
Published: May 2016

The enzyme‐catalyzed addition reaction of hydrogen cyanide (II) to the aldehydes (I) generates the almost optically pure (R)‐cyanohydrins (III) which are hydrolyzed to give the corresponding (R)‐acids (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: The Nitrogenated Allylic System as an Intramolecular Nucleophile: A New Route to Pyrazoles.
Authors: MOMOSE T. , TOYOOKA N. , IKUTA T. , YANAGINO H.
Published: May 2016

Nitrosation of the N‐allylcarboxamides (I) yields the N‐nitroso derivatives (III) which undergo cyclization upon treatment with calcium carbonate in dioxane, forming the pyrazoles (IV), together with the allyl carboxylates (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Anticancer and Antimicrobiological Activities of Pyrrolo(2,3‐d)pyrimidines.
Authors: QUIJANO M. L. , NOGUERAS M. , SANCHEZ A. , ALVAREZ DE CIENFUEGOS G. , MELGAREJO M.
Published: May 2016

Products (IVb), (VI) and (XI) are tested for their in vivo anticancer activity against L‐1210 leukemia, but none of them show any significant effects.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses with 1,3‐Dehydroadamantane.
Authors: SON V. V. , IVASHCHENKO S. P. , SON T. V.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (I) is coupled with excess hydrogen peroxide to give 1‐adamantyl hydroperoxide (II) which is converted to bis(1‐adamantyl) peroxide (III) upon treatment with further (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Addition of Tetrahydrofuran and Tetrahydro‐2‐furanone to Alkenylsilanes in the Presence of Di(t‐butyl)peroxide.
Authors: GEVORGYAN V. , PRIEDE E. , LIEPINS E. , GAVARS M. , LUKEVICS E.
Published: May 2016

By use of allylsilanes instead of the vinylsilanes (II) corresponding products are obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Contraction Reactions of Lithiated Cyclotetrasilazanes Yielding Cyclotri‐ and Cyclodisilazanes.
Authors: DIPPEL K. , KLINGEBIEL U.
Published: May 2016

The monolithium derivative of the cyclotetrasilazane (I) reacts with the fluorosilanes (II) with substitution and contraction to give the cyclotrisilazanes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of an in‐Phosphaphane: Enforced Interaction of a Phosphine and an Aromatic Ring.
Authors: PASCAL R. A. JUN. , WEST A. P. JUN. , VAN ENGEN D.
Published: May 2016

The phosphaphane (III) (space group P21/c, Z=4) is characterized by X‐ray structure analysis and NMR spectra.
ChemInform Abstract: (L2Mn2(μ‐O)2(μ‐O2))(ClO4)2: The First Binuclear (μ‐Peroxo)dimanganese(IV) Complex (L: 1,4,7‐Trimethyl‐1,4,7‐triazacyclononane). A Model for the S4 → S0 Transformation in the Oxygen‐Evolving Complex in Photosynthesis.
Authors: BOSSEK U. , WEYHERMUELLER T. + , WIEGHARDT K. , NUBER B. , WEISS J.
Published: May 2016

The title complex (III) crystallizes in the space group P21/c with Z=4.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation and Characterization of σ‐Adducts Upon Attempted Vicarious Nucleophilic Substitution with Cationic Arene‐Iron Complexes.
Authors: MUELLER P. + , BERNARDINELLI G. , MOTALLEBI S.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the carbanions derived from the halogenoalkyl phenyl sulfones (II) with the cationic complexes (I) and (IV) produces the α‐adducts (III) and (V), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Optically Active Transition‐Metal Complexes. Part 100. Photochemically Induced Cis‐Trans Isomerization in Optically Active Phosphido‐Bridged Iron Complexes of the Type (CpFe(μ‐PR2)CO)2 and (Cp2Fe2(μ‐H)(μ‐PR2)(CO)2).
Authors: BRUNNER H. , PETER H.
Published: May 2016

Starting from the optically active phospholanes (VI) or HP(Me)Ph the phosphido‐bridged Fe complexes (III) + (IV), (VII) + (VIII) + (IX), or (X) (yield 3.5%) are prepared as mixtures of cis and trans isomers with respect to cyclopentadienyl and CO ligands.
ChemInform Abstract: New Procedures for Selectively Protected Cholic Acid Derivatives. Regioselective Protection of the 12α‐OH Group, and tert.‐Butyl Esterification of the Carboxyl Group.
Authors: BONAR‐LAW R. P. , DAVIS A. P. , SANDERS J. K. M.
Published: May 2016

Acylation of cholic acid (I) with trifluoroacetanhydride (II) and partial deacylation is used as a method for selective acylation, allowing differentiation between positions 7 and 12 of (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐cis‐Inos‐1,3‐diamines.
Authors: BEIER B. , SCHUERRLE K. + , WERBITZKY O. , PIEPERSBERG W.
Published: May 2016

The new title compounds (±)‐(VI), (±)‐(X) and (±)‐(XIII) are prepared in order to test their use as aminocyclitol antibiotics.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures of Novel Calmodulin Inhibitors KS504a, KS504b and KS504e.
Authors: HIRAYAMA N. , SHIMIZU E.
Published: May 2016

KS504a (I) (space group P21/n; Z=4) and KS504b (II) (space group P212121; Z=12) are constituents of Mollisia ventosa KAC‐1148.
ChemInform Abstract: Deposition of Doped Polysilicon Films by Plasma‐Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition from AsH3/SiH4 or B2H6/SiH4 Mixtures.
Authors: HAJJAR J.‐J. J. , REIF R.
Published: May 2016

The introduction of a plasma in the deposition environment of a CVD reactor is found to increase the growth drastically.
ChemInform Abstract: Morphology of Nickel Supported on Silica, Niobia, and Binary Oxide Thin Films
Authors: WEISSMAN J. G. , KO E. I. , WYNBLATT P.
Published: May 2016

(Nb2O5/SiO2) is studied by TEM and selected‐area diffraction after reduction in H2 at 300, 500, or 650 °C. The use of thin films allows a qualitative and quantitative analysis of Ni supported on these oxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Morphology Studies of MnOx‐Modified Ni(111) Surfaces by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
Authors: ZHAO Y.‐B. , LIN T.‐S. , CHUNG Y.‐W.
Published: May 2016

are performed under UHV conditions for samples with x = 0.2‐0.5 and clearly show the presence of three‐dimensional oxide islands.
ChemInform Abstract: Compounds with a Boron‐Carbon Triple Bond.
Authors: ALLWOHN J. , PILZ M. , HUNOLD R. , MASSA W. , BERNDT A.
Published: May 2016

The existence of a true B≡C triple bond in the deprotonated borylborataalkynes (I) is confirmed by means of an X‐ray structure determination of the dilithium salt of (Ia) as a bis(diethyl ether) adduct (space group P21/c, Z=4) and NMR spectroscopic data.
ChemInform Abstract: Vinylidenecyclohexadienone Acetals as Precursors of Arylvinyl Cations.
Authors: KITAMURA T. , NAKAMURA I. , KABASHIMA T. , KOBAYASHI S. , TANIGUCHI H.
Published: May 2016

Acetals such as (I) serve as good precursors of the title ions under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Deoxygenation of Alcohols and Desulfurization of Thiols by WCl2(PMePh2)4.
Authors: JANG S. , ATAGI L. M. , MAYER J. M.
Published: May 2016

The title complex (I) reacts with simple alcohols such as (II) very slowly to give two sets of products in roughly equal amounts, (III) and the alkane (IV) together with (V) and H2.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Initiated Synthesis of Dominicalure 1 and 2 According to Baylis‐Hillman.
Authors: MOISEENKOV A. M. , CHESKIS B. A. , SHPIRO N. A. , STASHINA G. A. , ZHULIN V. M.
Published: May 2016

Dimerization of methyl acrylate (I) to give the α‐methyleneglutarate (II) is performed under phosphine catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Fulvenes and Fulvalenes. Part 58. Synthesis of New Heptafulvenes; X‐Ray Analysis of “8,8‐(1′,4′‐Dioxotetramethylene)heptafulvene” (2‐(Cyclohepta‐2,4,6‐trien‐1‐ylidene)cyclopentane‐1,3‐dione).
Authors: BOENZLI P. + , NEUENSCHWANDER M. , ENGEL P.
Published: May 2016

Some title compounds such as (III), (V) and (VIII) are prepared in order to complete the study of heptafulvenes.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Coronafacic Acid by a Tandem Wessely Oxidation Diels‐Alder Reaction Sequence.
Authors: BHAMARE N. K. , GRANGER T. , MACAS T. S. , YATES P.
Published: May 2016

Wessely oxidation of the unsaturated ester (V), prepared from m‐ethylphenol (I), and subsequent intramolecular cycloaddition yield the isotwistanone (VII) which is converted into the perhydroindanone (IX) by hydrogenation, hydrolysis, and oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐, 4‐, and 5‐Benzoylpyrrole‐3‐acetic Acids and Study of Their in vitro Effects on Active Oxygen Species.
Authors: DEMOPOULOS V. J. , REKKA E. , RETSAS S.
Published: May 2016

Friedel‐Crafts benzoylation of ethyl pyrrole‐3‐acetate (I) with benzoyl chloride (II) in the presence of Lewis acids gives mixtures of the three isomeric benzoylpyrrole‐3‐acetates (III) ‐ (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of α,β‐Acetylenic Aldimines with C‐Acetyl‐N‐phenylnitrilimines.
Authors: KHRAMCHIKHIN A. V. , STADNICHUK M. D.
Published: May 2016

The acetylenic aldimines (I) are coupled with pyruvonitrilimines, generated in situ from the hydrazonoyl chlorides (II), to give the triazolines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Preparation of Derivatives of the Unknown Fluoreno(2,3,4‐ij)isoquinoline Ring from Conjugated Ketenimines by a Consecutive Electrocyclic Ring‐Closure/Claisen Rearrangement/Intramolecular Diels‐Alder Cycloaddition/Double Aromatization Process.
Authors: MOLINA P. , ALAJARIN M. , VIDAL A. , FENEAU‐DUPONT J. , DECLERCQ J. P.
Published: May 2016

The ketenimines (VII), prepared from the allyloxybenzaldehydes (I) via the key intermediates (V), undergo intramolecular cyclization reaction in hot toluene to produce the isoquinolines (VIII) and the fluoreno‐(2,3,4‐ij)isoquinolines (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Quinuclidine‐Based Ligands for the Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptor.
Authors: SAUNDERS J. , CASSIDY M. , FREEDMAN S. B. , HARLEY E. A. , IVERSEN L. L. , KNEEN C. , MACLEOD A. M. , MERCHANT K. J. , SNOW R. J. , BAKER R.
Published: May 2016

Starting with the quinuclidinecarboxylate (I), various oxadiazolylquinuclidines are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Saturated Heterocycles. Part 162. Synthesis and Steric Structures of 3,4‐Disubstituted 1,6,7,11b‐Tetrahydropyrimido(6,1‐a)isoquinolin‐2‐ones.
Authors: FUELOEP F. + , SEMEGA E. , BERNATH G. , SOHAR P.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the readily available hydrazide (I) with aldehydes (II) yields hydrazones (III) or heterotricycles (IV) depending upon the proportions of the reagents used.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrano(3,2‐c)(1,2)benzothiazine 5,5‐Dioxide Derivatives: Synthesis and Structural Assignment.
Authors: DALLA CROCE P. , LA ROSA C. , MOLINARI H.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the enamines (II), (V), or (VIII) with the dihydrobenzothiazinone S,S‐dioxides (I) gives the heterocycles (III) exclusively, the diastereomeric mixtures (VI) + (VII), or the configurationally undetermined heterocycles (IX), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: The Binary System Triamidophosphite ‐ Haloform: A Novel Source of Trihalomethanide Ions.
Authors: KOIDAN G. N. , MARCHENKO A. P. , PINCHUK A. M.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of trimethylhalosilanes such as (I) with the haloforms (II) in the presence of hexaethylphosphorous triamide gives the trihalomethylsilanes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Silylated iso‐Tetraphosphanes from P2‐Chlorinated Triphosphanes and Li Phosphides.
Authors: FRITZ G. , JARMER M. , MATERN E.
Published: May 2016

The formation of iso‐tetraphosphanes by reacting triphosphanes of the type R2(Tms)P‐PCl‐P(Tms)R3 (R2: Me with R3: Me, Tms, tBu; R2: Tms with R3: Tms, tBu; R2,R3: tBu) with the Li phosphides (II) to elucidate possible paths of synthesis, the influence of substituents (Me, Tms, tBu) on the course of reaction, and the properties of the iso‐tetraphosphanes.
ChemInform Abstract: The ortho Metalation of N,N,N′,N′‐Tetramethyl‐P‐phenylphosphonothioic Diamide.
Authors: CRAIG D. C. , ROBERTS N. K. , TANSWELL J. L.
Published: May 2016

The o‐lithiated compound (III) is characterized by 31P and 13C NMR spectroscopy and by preparation of the derivatives (V), (VII), and (VIII) (yield 79% from PhPCl2).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of S‐Phosphinoylmethylisothioureas and Evaluation of Their Radio Protective Activity.
Authors: ZOLOTAREVA L. T. , YARKEVICH A. N. , KULISHOV YU. G. , TKACHENKO S. E. , FEDOSEEV V. M. , TSVETKOV E. N.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the chloromethylphosphine oxides (I) with thiourea (II) produces the corresponding isothiuronium chlorides (III) and (IV) depending on the molar ratio.
ChemInform Abstract: (3,3‐Diphenylallenylidene)trimethylphosphanetitanocene: The First Titanocene Carbene Complex with Three Cumulative Double Bonds.
Authors: BINGER P. , MUELLER P. + , WENZ R. , MYNOTT R.
Published: May 2016

Titanocene carbene complexes are of interest in organic synthesis, especially for carbonyl olefination.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Chromium(methoxymethyl)carbene Complexes with 3H‐indoles.
Authors: GIORDANI C. , LICANDRO E. , MAIORANA S. , PAPAGNI A. , SLAWIN A. M. , WILLIAM D. J.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the title complex (I) with 3H‐indoles (II) or (V) conducted in sunlight or under irradiation from a Hg lamp in both cases gives the same mixture of products besides unchanged starting material (mechanism).
ChemInform Abstract: General Method for the Asymmetric Synthesis of anti‐Diastereoisomers of β‐Substituted L‐2‐Aminobutanoic Acids via Chiral Nickel(II) Schiff′s Base Complexes of Dehydroaminobutanoic Acid. X‐Ray Crystal and Molecular Structure of the Nickel(II) Complex of the Schiff′s Base from ((Benzylprolyl)amino)benzophenone and Dehydroaminobutanoic Acid.
Authors: BELOKON' YU. N. , SAGIYAN A. S. , DZHAMGARYAN S. A. , BAKHMUTOV V. I. , VITT S. V. , BATSANOV A. S. , STRUCHKOV YU. T. , BELIKOV V. M.
Published: May 2016

The chiral Ni complex (I) allows the preparation of enantiomerically pure L‐allothreonine (III) and its β‐substitution products, e.g. (X) and (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: New Protocols for the Synthesis of Substituted 4‐O‐Methyl Tetramates.
Authors: JONES R. C. F. , PATIENCE J. M.
Published: May 2016

The deprotonation behaviour of compounds of type (I) is exploited to provide methods for the synthesis of methyl tetramates such as (VI), which are unstable, and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Aluminum Fluoride on the Physical Properties and Stability of Fluorozirconate and Fluorozirco‐Hafnate Glasses.
Authors: SANGHERA J. S. , HART P. , SACHON M. G. , BUSSE L. , AGGARWAL I.
Published: May 2016

The physical properties and thermal stability of fluorozirconate glasses (53 mol% ZrF4, 20 mol% BaF2, 4 mol% LaF3, 20 mol% NaF, and 3 mol% AlF3) and fluorozirco‐hafnate glasses (substitution of 50% of the ZrF4 by HfF4) is studied as a function of the AlF3 content which is varied over the range 2‐3.25 mol%.
ChemInform Abstract: The Dissolution of FeAl3 Intermetallic Compound and Deposition on Aluminum in AlCl3 Solution.
Authors: SERI O. , IMAIZUMI M.
Published: May 2016

The electrochemical behavior of FeAl3 in deaerated aqueous 1 M AlCl3 solution is studied by electrochemical and metallurgical methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselectivity of the O‐Methylation of Sterically Hindered β‐Ketocarboxylates and Their Enols.
Authors: BUSS M. , MEIER H.
Published: May 2016

The methylation of the enols (I) as well as of their (E) analogues with CH2N2 (II) proceeds completely stereospecifically.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of Singlet Oxygen with Adamantylideneadamantane Mediated by Rose Bengal.
Authors: JEFFORD C. W. , JIMENEZ ESTRADA M. , BARCHIETTO G. , BERCLAZ T. , GEOFFROY M.
Published: May 2016

In the presence of Rose Bengal, (I) reacts with singlet oxygen via two different processes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Photochemistry. Part 55. Characterization of the Lumiketone‐Type Photoproducts, Bicyclo(3.2.0)hept‐3‐en‐2‐ones, from 2,6‐Cycloheptadien‐1‐ones.
Authors: MORI A. , KUBOTA T. , IKEDA Y. , TAKESHITA H.
Published: May 2016

For the first time, the formation of lumiketones (II) from cycloheptadienones (I) is observed.