bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Modified Three-Stage Inversion Algorithm Based on R-RVoG Model for Pol-InSAR Data
Authors: Zhang Qi , Liu Tiandong , Ding Zegang , Zeng Tao , Long Teng
Published: October 2016

In this paper, a modified two-layer scattering model is applied to a three-stage algorithm for high-precision retrieval of forest parameters from Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (Pol-InSAR) data. Traditional Random-Volume-over-Ground (RVoG) model considers forest target as a two-layer combination of flat ground and volumetric canopy. However, when it comes to sloped terrain, the inversion accuracy of three-stage process deteriorates with the ascending estimation error in volume correlation which is mainly caused by the existence of underlying terrain slope. Aiming at this problem, a Range-sloped RVoG (R-RVoG) model is presented in this paper. By modifying the ground layer as a range-sloped plane, the complex correlation of R-RVoG model can be amended as a function of ground phase, ground-to-volume scattering ratio, forest height, mean extinction and range slope. The introduction of range slope variable makes this modified model better resemble to real scene and thus improves the performance of three-stage algorithm. Both of the simulated data with different terrain slopes and the Space-borne Imaging Radar-C (SIR-C) real data in Tianshan test area are processed to verify the validity of this modification.
A Novel Model-Based Driving Behavior Recognition System Using Motion Sensors
Authors: Wu Minglin , Zhang Sheng , Dong Yuhan
Published: October 2016

In this article, a novel driving behavior recognition system based on a specific physical model and motion sensory data is developed to promote traffic safety. Based on the theory of rigid body kinematics, we build a specific physical model to reveal the data change rule during the vehicle moving process. In this work, we adopt a nine-axis motion sensor including a three-axis accelerometer, a three-axis gyroscope and a three-axis magnetometer, and apply a Kalman filter for noise elimination and an adaptive time window for data extraction. Based on the feature extraction guided by the built physical model, various classifiers are accomplished to recognize different driving behaviors. Leveraging the system, normal driving behaviors (such as accelerating, braking, lane changing and turning with caution) and aggressive driving behaviors (such as accelerating, braking, lane changing and turning with a sudden) can be classified with a high accuracy of 93.25%. Compared with traditional driving behavior recognition methods using machine learning only, the proposed system possesses a solid theoretical basis, performs better and has good prospects.
Decoupling Control of Micromachined Spinning-Rotor Gyroscope with Electrostatic Suspension
Authors: Sun Boqian , Wang Shunyue , Li Haixia , He Xiaoxia
Published: October 2016

A micromachined gyroscope in which a high-speed spinning rotor is suspended electrostatically in a vacuum cavity usually functions as a dual-axis angular rate sensor. An inherent coupling error between the two sensing axes exists owing to the angular motion of the spinning rotor being controlled by a torque-rebalance loop. In this paper, a decoupling compensation method is proposed and investigated experimentally based on an electrostatically suspended micromachined gyroscope. In order to eliminate the negative spring effect inherent in the gyroscope dynamics, a stiffness compensation scheme was utilized in design of the decoupled rebalance loop to ensure loop stability and increase suspension stiffness. The experimental results show an overall stiffness increase of 30.3% after compensation. A decoupling method comprised of inner- and outer-loop decoupling compensators is proposed to minimize the cross-axis coupling error. The inner-loop decoupling compensator aims to attenuate the angular position coupling. The experimental frequency response shows a position coupling attenuation by 14.36 dB at 1 Hz. Moreover, the cross-axis coupling between the two angular rate output signals can be attenuated theoretically from −56.2 dB down to −102 dB by further appending the outer-loop decoupling compensator. The proposed dual-loop decoupling compensation algorithm could be applied to other dual-axis spinning-rotor gyroscopes with various suspension solutions.
One-stage revision of an infected cementless total hip replacement
Authors: Ficklin Michael , Kowaleski Michael , Kunkel Kevin , Suber Jonathan
Published: October 2016

A two-year-old, 44 kg dog with a right Helica cementless total hip replacement (THR) was radiographically diagnosed with implant loosening eight months after the index total hip replacement procedure. Subsequent synoviocentesis and synovial fluid culture revealed a methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp infection of the right THR. A one-stage revision using a hybrid BFX cementless acetabular cup and CFX cemented femoral stem was performed. Vancomycin and micro-silver antimicrobial powder impregnated cement were used in the revision. At re-evaluation 27 months following the revision procedure, the patient did not exhibit any signs of lameness. Radiographic images confirmed stable implants, with bone ingrowth into the cup and no signs of implant loosening. Our report demonstrates the success of a one-stage THR revision when faced with a multi-drug resistant periprosthetic infection, when combined with the use of micro-silver antimicrobial powder and culture-based antibiotic impregnated cement therapy.
Use of Social Media for New Service Development by Finnish Event and Festival Organizers
Authors: Pasanen Katja , Konu Henna
Published: October 2016

This article explores how event and festival (EF) managers use social media in new service development (NSD), in what phases of NSD consumers are involved, and in what way the customer contributions are used in order to influence the different phases of service development. The empirical
data for the study were collected by electronic survey from Finnish cultural and sports EF organizers, and complemented with phone interviews. The study revealed that Finnish EFs use the most common social media tools in everyday operations, particularly for marketing purposes. They have recognized
the possibilities to use social media in NSD and have also acknowledged the benefits customer involvement in NSD can bring. Most commonly, customers are involved in the first and final stages of the NSD process. Constraints for web-based NSD was also found. This study brings information about
the possibilities of social media in NSD in EF context that may help the organizers and developers to plan and develop the management strategies. Results also show that in the future there may be demand for additional training for EF organizers related to the usage of social media. This study
also has limitations. The response rate was rather low, and larger samples should be used in the future. It would also be useful to interview diverse EFs using social media in NSD purposes in the future. The study was conducted only in Finland and thus the results cannot be internationally
generalized.
Ecological Systems Theory Approach to Corporate Social Responsibility: Contextual Perspectives From Meeting Planners
Authors: Musgrave James , Woodward Simon
Published: October 2016

Business reputation, competitive advantage, differentiation, and regulatory adherence are all factors that are pushing corporate social responsibility (CSR) center stage within the international meetings industry. However, attempts to simplify what is essentially a complex and contextual
driven movement through certification and guides has created an incomplete understanding of the salient issues; contemporaneously ignoring contextual variables rather than acknowledging these and the impact these variables have on CSR practice and acceptance. The purpose of this article is
to explore the contextual debate of CSR adaptation and practice within the meetings sector within a framework of an ecological systems theory. The authors applied a constant comparison process across 90 interview transcripts in order to establish a rigorous audit trail of analysis. Eight practices
were identified: Green Technology, Legislation, Transparency and Reliability, Nonfinancial Donations, Workforce, Community Engagement, Supply Chain Management, and Volunteer Labor. These eight practices were then applied to the constructs of an ecological systems model and an exploration of
contextual factors was considered. In recognizing a systems approach to CSR there is an acceptance that there is not one best method and that different values, implementation approaches, and evaluation mechanisms of CSR can lead to similar results.
Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in Dogs with Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
Authors: Bittencourt Maura K. W. , Barros Michele A. , Martins João Flávio P. , Vasconcellos Jose Paulo C. , Morais Bruna P. , Pompeia Celine , Bittencourt Matheus Domingues , Evangelho Karine Dos Santos , Kerkis Irina , Wenceslau Cristiane V.
Published: October 2016

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is a dysfunction in tear production associated with clinical signs, which include conjunctival hyperemia, ocular discharge, discomfort, pain, and, eventually, corneal vascularization and pigmentation. Immunosuppressive drugs are routinely administrated for long periods to treat KCS but with side effects and limited results. Evaluation of the clinical benefits of intralacrimal transplantation of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in dogs with mild–moderate and severe KCS was done. A total of 24 eyes with KCS from 15 dogs of different breeds were enrolled in the present study. A single transplantation of MSCs (1 × 106) directly into lacrimal glands (dorsal and third eyelid) was performed. The Schirmer tear tests (STTs) and ocular surface improvements were used to assess short- and long-term effects of these cells. The STTs were carried out on day 0 (before MSCs transplantation) and on days 7, 14, 21, and 28, as well as 6 and 12 months after MSC transplantation. Our data demonstrate that allogeneic MSC transplantation in KCS dogs is safe since no adverse effects were observed immediately after transplantation and in short- and long-term follow-ups. A statistically significant increase in the STT and ocular surface improvements was found in all eyes studied. In all the eyes with mild–moderate KCS, STT values reverted to those of healthy eyes, while in eyes with severe KCS, although complete reversion was not found, there was improvement in tear production and in other clinical signs. Our study shows that a single dose of a low number of MSCs can be used to treat KCS in dogs. In contrast to immunosuppressive drug use, MSC transplantation has an effect over a long period (up to 12 months), even after a single administration, and does not require daily drug administration.
THE EFFECTS OF THE IONOSPHERE ON GROUND-BASED DETECTION OF THE GLOBAL 21 cm SIGNAL FROM THE COSMIC DAWN AND THE DARK AGES
Authors: Datta Abhirup , Bradley Richard , Burns Jack O. , Harker Geraint , Komjathy Attila , Lazio T. Joseph W.
Published: October 2016

Detection of the global H i 21 cm signal from the Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization is the key science driver for several ongoing ground-based and future ground-/space-based experiments. The crucial spectral features in the global 21 cm signal (turning points) occur at low radio frequencies

. In addition to the human-generated radio frequency interference, Earth’s ionosphere drastically corrupts low-frequency radio observations from the ground. In this paper, we examine the effects of time-varying ionospheric refraction, absorption, and thermal emission at these low radio frequencies and their combined effect on any ground-based global 21 cm experiment. It should be noted that this is the first study of the effect of a dynamic ionosphere on global 21 cm experiments. The fluctuations in the ionosphere are influenced by solar activity with flicker noise characteristics. The same characteristics are reflected in the ionospheric corruption to any radio signal passing through the ionosphere. As a result, any ground-based observations of the faint global 21 cm signal are corrupted by flicker noise (or

noise, where f is the dynamical frequency) which scales as

(where ν is the frequency of radio observation) in the presence of a bright galactic foreground (

, where s is the radio spectral index). Hence, the calibration of the ionosphere for any such experiment is critical. Any attempt to calibrate the ionospheric effects will be subject to the inaccuracies in the current ionospheric measurements using Global Positioning System (GPS) ionospheric measurements, riometer measurements, ionospheric soundings, etc. Even considering an optimistic improvement in the accuracy of GPS–total electron content measurements, we conclude that Earth’s ionosphere poses a significant challenge in the absolute detection of the global 21 cm signal below 100 MHz.
DISCOVERY OF A HOT CORINO IN THE BOK GLOBULE B335
Authors: Imai Muneaki , Sakai Nami , Oya Yoko , López-Sepulcre Ana , Watanabe Yoshimasa , Ceccarelli Cecilia , Lefloch Bertrand , Caux Emmanuel , Vastel Charlotte , Kahane Claudine , Sakai Takeshi , Hirota Tomoya , Aikawa Yuri , Yamamoto Satoshi
Published: October 2016

We report the first evidence of a hot corino in a Bok globule. This is based on ALMA observations in the 1.2 mm band toward the low-mass Class 0 protostar IRAS 19347+0727 in B335. Saturated complex organic molecules (COMs), CH3CHO, HCOOCH3, and NH2CHO, are detected in a compact region within a few 10 au around the protostar. Additionally, CH3OCH3, C2H5OH, C2H5CN, and CH3COCH3 are tentatively detected. Carbon-chain related molecules, CCH and c-C3H2, are also found in this source, whose distributions are extended over a scale of a few 100 au. On the other hand, sulfur-bearing molecules CS, SO, and SO2 have both compact and extended components. Fractional abundances of the COMs relative to H2 are found to be comparable to those in known hot corino sources. Though the COMs lines are as broad as 5–8 km s−1, they do not show obvious rotation motion in the present observation. Thus, the COMs mainly exist in a structure whose distribution is much smaller than the synthesized beam (0.″58 × 0.″52).
La présentation poétique
Authors: Gallet Olivier
Published: October 2016

Au point d’articulation entre réflexion théorique et pratique poétique, la « présentation », notion et effet, permet de scruter la mise en cohérence des deux plans chez Reverdy, et d’interroger la consistance d’un concept qui paraît avant tout critique, au sens où il permet de prendre ses distances avec la « représentation » sous ses diverses formes. Par-delà l’examen critique de la notion, l’étude du sort du recueil Le Cadran quadrillé permet ensuite de mettre à nu les fondements de cette poétique de la présentation.
« Vertige de la proximité » : Pierre Reverdy et Jacques Dupin
Authors: Hugotte Valéry
Published: October 2016

Entre Reverdy et J. Dupin, la proximité poétique se perçoit à même les textes dans un imaginaire partagé, au carrefour de motifs comme le mur ou la pierre, ou encore à travers des traits poétiques communs – usage des blancs, pouvoir accordé au négatif. Mais à partir de déclarations, et des hommages à son aîné réunis dans M’introduire dans ton histoire , se laisse aussi entrevoir le rôle paradoxal réservé à l’anecdotique dans le rapport de J. Dupin à une œuvre dont il a fréquenté l’auteur : c’est l’absence, qu’il peut vérifier, du moi biographique de Reverdy dans ses poèmes qui leur donne à ses yeux une valeur accrue et nouvelle.
Reverdy, le « vieillard de treize ans » et la porte de la poésie
Authors: Tudal Antoine
Published: October 2016

Antoine Tudal retrace les circonstances étonnantes dans lesquelles, à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, alors âgé de treize ans seulement et vivant chez son beau-père Nicolas de Staël, il fut introduit en poésie par Reverdy. L’auteur de La Lucarne ovale ayant entendu parler de ses talents précoces, lui donna la possibilité de publier ses poèmes sous le titre Souspente, rédigea pour lui une préface intitulée « La Fonction du portier », et convainquit Braque de l’illustrer. Antoine Tudal livre avec ce récit de vocation une évocation de Reverdy au sortir de la guerre et de l’amitié jamais démentie du poète avec les maîtres du cubisme.
Civilizing the ‘Viking’
Authors: Brégaint David
Published: October 2016

This paper examines the pedagogical strategies developed by the authors of two Norwegian thirteenth-century court books, The King’s Mirror and the Law of the Hird, in order to implement Western etiquette and rules of courtly behaviour at the court of the Norwegian kings. Inculcating new modes of behaviour, displaying self-restraint and courtesy to an aristocratic elite of a peripheral kingdom indulging in excesses of all kinds was challenging. In order to encourage Norwegian retainers to adopt new rules of speech, gestures, dress and table manners, our authors developed a threefold strategy emphasizing voluntary commitment and its beneficial character, and providing several highly practical advice easy to put into practice in many situations. The article concludes in stressing the decisive role of mediators of foreign culture into the Norse elite in underscoring their own knowledge and perception of both foreign and local cultures.
Optimising design and effort for environmental surveys using dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Tocco Claudia , Quinn Danielle E.A. , Midgley John M. , Villet Martin H.
Published: October 2016

In biological monitoring, deploying an effective standardised quantitative sampling method, optimised by trap design and sampling effort, is an essential consideration. To exemplify this using dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae and Aphodiinae) communities, three pitfall trap designs (un-baited (TN), baited at ground level (flat trap, TF), and baited above the trap (hanging trap, TH)), employed with varying levels of sampling effort (number of traps=1, 2, 3 … 10; number of days=1, 2, 3), were evaluated for sampling completeness and efficiency in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Modelling and resampling simulation approaches were used to suggest optimal sampling protocols across environmentally diverse sites. Overall, TF recovered the greatest abundance and species richness of dung beetles, but behavioural guilds showed conflicting trends: endocoprids preferred TH while paracoprids and telocoprids preferred TF. Resampling simulation of trap type and the two components of sampling effort suggested that six TF traps left for three days was most efficient in obtaining a representative sample and allowed differentiation between trap types, allowing the improved efficiency to be recognised. The effect of trap type on non-target specimens, particularly ants, was also investigated. TF and TH caught almost no by-catch, which is ethically desirable.
HIV-1 Nef Impairs the Formation of Calcium Membrane Territories Controlling the Signaling Nanoarchitecture at the Immunological Synapse
Authors: Silva Joana G. , Martins Nuno P. , Henriques Ricardo , Soares Helena
Published: October 2016

The ability of HIV-1 to replicate and to establish long-term reservoirs is strongly influenced by T cell activation. Through the use of membrane-tethered, genetically encoded calcium (Ca2+) indicators, we were able to detect for the first time, to our knowledge, the formation of Ca2+ territories and determine their role in coordinating the functional signaling nanostructure of the synaptic membrane. Consequently, we report a previously unknown immune subversion mechanism involving HIV-1 exploitation, through its Nef accessory protein, of the interconnectivity among three evolutionarily conserved cellular processes: vesicle traffic, signaling compartmentalization, and the second messenger Ca2+. We found that HIV-1 Nef specifically associates with the traffic regulators MAL and Rab11b compelling the vesicular accumulation of Lck. Through its association with MAL and Rab11b, Nef co-opts Lck switchlike function driving the formation Ca2+ membrane territories, which, in turn, control the fusion of LAT-transporting Rab27 and Rab37 vesicles and the formation of LAT nanoclusters at the immunological synapse. Consequently, HIV-1 Nef disengages TCR triggering from the generation of p-LAT and p-SLP nanoclusters driving TCR signal amplification and diversification. Altogether our results indicate that HIV-1 exploits the interconnectivity among vesicle traffic, Ca2+ membrane territories, and signaling nanoclusters to modulate T cell signaling and function.
Supplier integration in product development: A matter of designing the project structure
Authors: Danilovic Mike
Published: October 2016

In product development close collaboration between systems integrators and suppliers is important. The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of the work breakdown structure (WBS) and work packages (WPs) in product development on the possibility of carrying through the strategy of supplier involvement into collaborative practice and to investigate how supplier involvement can be improved by altering the design of collaborative WBS and WP structures. Dependence Structure Matrix (DSM) is introduced in order to analyse, visualise and manage interdependencies, in terms of information exchange between the systems integrator and supplier. This article shows how DSM can support the alternative design of integrated and collaborative WBS and integrated WPs following the logic of dependencies and the flow of information in order to support a strategy focusing on integration of suppliers on project and team level.
Operating a railway system within a challenging environment: Economic history and experiences of Zimbabwe’s national railways
Authors: Mbohwa Charles
Published: October 2016

This paper presents a historical background to the development of the railways in Zimbabwe and then discusses their current state. Besides being a landlocked country in Southern Africa, Zimbabwe has since 2000 been saddled with socio-economic and political challenges which have seen a decline in all economic indices, hence posing some challenges to its railways. This article discusses the challenges faced by the railways as a result of high inflation, unstable currency exchange rate, brain drain, poor management, government interference in management, customs border delays, and energy shortage. The problems have been addressed in unique ways and unusual solutions are proposed. These include customer financing for maintenance and spares and the resuscitation of steam locomotives. The presented solutions, lessons and issues from this experience contribute to discussions and study of railway logistics in challenging environments. Finally, current and future research issues, which have a global appeal, are presented.
Innovation in an international third party logistics firm: A strategy-as-practice perspective
Authors: Cui Lianguang , Hertz Susanne , Su Shong-Iee I.
Published: October 2016

Logistics firms play an important role in the economy but they have received little attention in strategic management and logistics management literature. This paper intends to fill in this gap by looking a specific strategising process, innovation, at an international third party logistics (TPL) firm. Using strategy as a practice perspective, the paper describes and analyses how innovation emerges and evolves over time. Drawing on an in-depth longitudinal case study of an international TPL firm, this study shows that intra-organisational interactions as well as inter-organisational interactions are essential in the innovation process at logistics firms. The innovation process at logistics firms is complicated and includes both top-down and bottom-up processes. It is vertically decoupled and multidirectional. Innovation at logistics firms emerges as a combination of an ad hoc response to a customer request and a purpose-driven interactive process.
Sub-Saharan Africa’s rail freight transport system: Potential impact of densification on cost
Authors: De Bod Anneke , Havenga Jan
Published: October 2016

The main response to sub-Saharan Africa’s (SSA) challenges has been foreign aid. Yet, despite the large amounts received, the challenges remain. There is an opportunity to consider a different model with less focus on aid and more on investment. In the transport sector specifically, investment decisions should be informed by a longterm optimal balance between different transport modes. The research presented in this paper highlights the significant cost reduction opportunities possible through the densification of rail freight, especially over longer distances, with concomitant implications for increased profitability for rail operators. The densification opportunity should also place a core focus on transport corridors being developed throughout the region. SSA countries themselves can play a critical role in unlocking this potential through, inter alia, simplifying regional economic communities and taking the lead in structuring agreements with the international community.
An integrated approach to teaching and learning logistics: A case study
Authors: Cronjé Jacobus N.
Published: October 2016

Business managers and students often criticise university teaching for not addressing real-life problems. Furthermore, professors are dissatisfied with the research capabilities of postgraduate students. This paper advocates an integrated approach to teaching and learning based on the features of project-based learning aimed at enhancing the practical and research skills of undergraduate students in Logistics. A case study is presented where third-year students were engaged in a real-life project in collaboration with industry, exposing them to collaborative learning, questionnaire design, surveys, analysing and evaluating results, literature review and report writing. The project was carried out in phases where students were assessed after each phase. The paper analyses the assessment of students and their perception of the value of the project. It is concluded that an integrated teaching and learning approach will increase students’ interest in the subject, understanding of theoretical concepts, research skills, business skills and life skills.
The effect of problems on supply chain wide efficiency
Authors: Naude Micheline J. , Badenhorst-Weiss Johanna A.
Published: October 2016

For any business to compete successfully in the modern, globalised business environment, it needs to mobilise its suppliers and customers to co-operate in order to reduce unnecessary costs and inefficiencies between them and to ensure the best value for the final customer. The focus is on management of the supply chain as a whole (or a system) and maximum value for the final customer of the supply chain, instead of on management for the maximum benefit of one of the parties in the supply chain. If the supply chain is seen as a system of organisations with one aim (value for the final customer), it is logical that a problem in one part of the supply chain must affect the workings and efficiency of the system or supply chain as a whole.This article reports on an exploratory empirical study to illustrate the effect of problems at one party in the supply chain on the whole supply chain. The study was done at automotive component manufacturers. To determine how problems at one place permeate through the whole supply chain, correlation testing was done between supply-side, internal operations, and distribution or customer-side problems. The study found that problems experienced at one place in the supply chain had a negative impact throughout the supply chain. Automotive supply chains should therefore be managed more as a system, taking into consideration the effect of decision making and actions at one part of the supply chain on other parts of the supply chain. There should be a supply chain wide co-operative effort to find solutions to inefficiencies at all places in the supply chain.
The study and design of a national supply chain for the aerospace titanium components manufacturing industry
Authors: Van der Merwe Lene , Ruthven George , Von Leipzig Konrad
Published: October 2016

Titanium’s strength-to-density ratio, corrosion resistance and high thermal compatibility makes it the perfect metal for aerospace. Titanium is for instance used for the structural airframe, seat tracks, engine components and landing gear of aircraft. The Boeing 787 that had its test flight in 2009 is one of the latest aircraft designs that incorporates a substantially higher percentage of parts manufactured from titanium due to the weight benefit. Titanium’s extensive use in aerospace applications ensures that the aerospace market is the main driver of titanium metal demand. South Africa is the second largest titanium producer in the world after Australia. The abundance of titanium in South Africa together with the growing demand has led it to be identified as a beneficiation priority in a collaborative government initiative, called Titanium Beneficiation Initiative (TBI). The purpose of this paper is to develop a supply chain model for the anticipated South African titanium component manufacturing industry.
Identifying potential solutions for specific reverse logistics problems
Authors: Badenhorst A. , Nel J. D.
Published: October 2016

The concept of reverse logistics is often misunderstood and academic research in this field is limited, especially in South Africa. The research for this article was based on the available literature. Various international sources and a limited number of South African sources were studied in an attempt to explore the concept of reverse logistics, and identify possible problems and potential solutions to such reverse logistics problems. There are several definitions of reverse logistics and the term is often confused with other terms such as returns management. Various problems and challenges also exist in reverse logistics; however, solutions have been proposed to address these problems. The research presented in this article clearly shows that a variety of opportunities exists in the field of reverse logistics in South Africa, with regard to research as well as the proper implementation and management of reverse logistics in business.
Extending freight flow modelling to sub-Saharan Africa to inform infrastructure investments - trade data issues
Authors: Havenga Jan , Simpson Zane , King David , Lanz E. J. , Goedhals-Gerber Leila , De Bod Anneke
Published: October 2016

This paper highlights the first attempt by researchers at Stellenbosch University to model freight flows between and for 17 countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The model will be informed by and linked to the South African surface Freight Demand Model (FDM) given these dimensions. By analysing and collating available datasets and developing a freight flow model, a better understanding of freight movements between countries can be obtained and then used for long-term planning efforts. A simple methodology is envisaged that will entail a high-level corridor classification that links a major district in the country with a similar district in another country. Existing trade data will be used to corroborate new base-year economic demand and supply volumetric data that will be generated from social accounting matrices for each country. The trade data will also provide initial flow dynamics between countries that will be refined according to the new volumes. The model can then generate commodity-level corridor flows between SSA countries, and between SSA countries and the rest of the world, as well as intra-country rural and metropolitan flows, using a gravity-based modelling approach. This article outlines efforts to harmonise trade data between the 17 countries identified, as well as between these countries and the rest of the world as a first step towards developing a freight demand model for sub-Saharan Africa.
Astym Therapy Improves Bilateral Hamstring Flexibility and Achilles Tendinopathy in a Child with Cerebral Palsy: A Retrospective Case Report
Authors: Scheer Nicole A. , Alstat Lucas R. , Van Zant Robert S.
Published: October 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this case report was to describe the use of Astym therapy to improve hamstring flexibility and Achilles tendinopathy in a child with cerebral palsy.

Case Description

An eight-year-old female with cerebral palsy was referred to physical therapy for the treatment of bilateral hamstring inflexibility and Achilles tendinopathy. Treatment focused on an Astym therapy protocol of eccentric exercise, stretching, active and passive range of motion, gait training, and a home exercise program. The patient underwent a total of 11 physical therapy treatment sessions.

Outcomes

At the conclusion of treatment, the patient demonstrated improved resting muscle tone in bilateral lower extremities with active 90/90 hamstring flexibility measured at 165° and ankle dorsiflexion active range of motion of 5° without pain at 0° and 90° knee flexion. The patient exhibited an improved gait pattern with even stride length and diminished genu recurvatum, decreased pain with standing and walking, discontinued use of ankle–foot orthoses, and improved activity tolerance and overall function for daily activities.

Discussion

The results of this case report indicate that physical therapy rehabilitation utilizing an Astym therapy protocol can successfully achieve gains in flexibility and strength and allow for improved function of bilateral lower extremities in a patient with cerebral palsy.

Conclusion

Based on the findings of this case report, clinicians should consider the use of Astym therapy in treating musculoskeletal soft tissue dysfunction in pediatric patients with cerebral palsy.
Are atmospheric updrafts a key to unlocking climate forcing and
sensitivity?
Authors: Donner Leo J. , O'Brien Travis A. , Rieger Daniel , Vogel Bernhard , Cooke William F.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Both climate forcing and climate sensitivity persist as stubborn uncertainties limiting the extent to which climate models can provide actionable scientific scenarios for climate change. A key, explicit control on cloud–aerosol interactions, the largest uncertainty in climate forcing, is the vertical velocity of cloud-scale updrafts. Model-based studies of climate sensitivity indicate that convective entrainment, which is closely related to updraft speeds, is an important control on climate sensitivity. Updraft vertical velocities also drive many physical processes essential to numerical weather prediction.Vertical velocities and their role in atmospheric physical processes have been given very limited attention in models for climate and numerical weather prediction. The relevant physical scales range down to tens of meters and are thus frequently sub-grid and require parameterization. Many state-of-science convection parameterizations provide mass fluxes without specifying vertical velocities, and parameterizations that do provide vertical velocities have been subject to limited evaluation against what have until recently been scant observations. Atmospheric observations imply that the distribution of vertical velocities depends on the areas over which the vertical velocities are averaged. Distributions of vertical velocities in climate models may capture this behavior, but it has not been accounted for when parameterizing cloud and precipitation processes in current models.New observations of convective vertical velocities offer a potentially promising path toward developing process-level cloud models and parameterizations for climate and numerical weather prediction. Taking account of the scale dependence of resolved vertical velocities offers a path to matching cloud-scale physical processes and their driving dynamics more realistically, with a prospect of reduced uncertainty in both climate forcing and sensitivity.
The integrated water balance and soil data set of the Rollesbroich
hydrological observatory
Authors: Qu Wei , Bogena Heye R. , Huisman Johan A. , Schmidt Marius , Kunkel Ralf , Weuthen Ansgar , Schiedung Henning , Schilling Bernd , Sorg Jürgen , Vereecken Harry
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The Rollesbroich headwater catchment located in western Germany is a densely instrumented hydrological observatory and part of the TERENO (Terrestrial Environmental Observatories) initiative. The measurements acquired in this observatory present a comprehensive data set that contains key hydrological fluxes in addition to important hydrological states and properties. Meteorological data (i.e., precipitation, air temperature, air humidity, radiation components, and wind speed) are continuously recorded and actual evapotranspiration is measured using the eddy covariance technique. Runoff is measured at the catchment outlet with a gauging station. In addition, spatiotemporal variations in soil water content and temperature are measured at high resolution with a wireless sensor network (SoilNet). Soil physical properties were determined using standard laboratory procedures from samples taken at a large number of locations in the catchment. This comprehensive data set can be used to validate remote sensing retrievals and hydrological models, to improve the understanding of spatial temporal dynamics of soil water content, to optimize data assimilation and inverse techniques for hydrological models, and to develop upscaling and downscaling procedures of soil water content information. The complete data set is freely available online (http://www.tereno.net, doi:10.5880/TERENO.2016.001, doi:10.5880/TERENO.2016.004, doi:10.5880/TERENO.2016.003) and additionally referenced by three persistent identifiers securing the long-term data and metadata availability.
3D BUILDING RECONSTRUCTION BY MULTIVIEW IMAGES AND THE INTEGRATED APPLICATION WITH AUGMENTED REALITY
Authors: Hwang Jin-Tsong , Chu Ting-Chen
Published: October 2016

Abstract. This study presents an approach wherein photographs with a high degree of overlap are clicked using a digital camera and used to generate three-dimensional (3D) point clouds via feature point extraction and matching. To reconstruct a building model, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is used to click photographs from vertical shooting angles above the building. Multiview images are taken from the ground to eliminate the shielding effect on UAV images caused by trees. Point clouds from the UAV and multiview images are generated via Pix4Dmapper. By merging two sets of point clouds via tie points, the complete building model is reconstructed. The 3D models are reconstructed using AutoCAD 2016 to generate vectors from the point clouds; SketchUp Make 2016 is used to rebuild a complete building model with textures. To apply 3D building models in urban planning and design, a modern approach is to rebuild the digital models; however, replacing the landscape design and building distribution in real time is difficult as the frequency of building replacement increases. One potential solution to these problems is augmented reality (AR). Using Unity3D and Vuforia to design and implement the smartphone application service, a markerless AR of the building model can be built. This study is aimed at providing technical and design skills related to urban planning, urban designing, and building information retrieval using AR.
CAUSATIVE FACTORS OF SOCIAL INEQUALITY AND ITS IMPACT ON
COMMUNITY HEALTH: A NEIGHBOURHOOD LEVEL STUDY IN MIDNAPORE
MUNICIPAL AREA, WEST BENGAL, INDIA
Authors: Roy U.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Health is socio-demographic construct of population. In an urban area social, economic and political systems simultaneously operate within a geographically defined space in which the urban dwellers accommodate and act as key player. As such the physical and social factors virtually affect the community health as a consequence of disparity in accessing health. Health disparities in smaller towns of the developing world have drawn serious attention as they are poorly suffering from the problems of ‘urban penalty’. This paper deals with statistical clustering of neighbourhoods on the basis of quality of life, social deprivation and multiple suffering quantified as the variables derived from measurable parameters. Neighbourhoods inequality has been mapped as per the score received by each neighbourhood in respect to the above three variables. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has also been employed for grouping the neighbourhoods in social terms. Then it has been tried to examine relationship between health attainment and social status of the neighbourhoods. The study shows that status of health does not merely depend on socio-demographic and political factors but availability of healthcare facilities, health related behaviour, health perception and awareness have played significant roles. The findings of the study may be helpful for setting planning strategies most important of which would be inclusion of local people in catering health services.
Periodic stability analysis of wind turbines operating in turbulent wind conditions
Authors: Riva Riccardo , Cacciola Stefano , Bottasso Carlo Luigi
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The formulation is model-independent, in the sense that it does not require knowledge of the equations of motion of the periodic system being analyzed, and it is applicable to an arbitrary number of blades and to any configuration of the machine. In addition, as wind turbulence can be viewed as a stochastic disturbance, the method is also applicable to real wind turbines operating in the field. The characteristics of the new method are verified first with a simplified analytical model and then using a high-fidelity multi-body model of a multi-MW wind turbine. Results are compared with those obtained by the well-known operational modal analysis approach.
A Validated Capillary Electrophoretic Method for the Determination of Olopatadine and Its Application to a Pharmaceutical Preparation of Eye Drops
Authors: Güray Tufan , Turan Tugba , Tunçel Muzaffer , Uysal Ulku Dilek
Published: October 2016

A validated rapid and sensitive capillary zone electrophoretic method for the determination of olopatadine hydrochloride (OLO) is described. Optimum conditions were found: 20 mmol/L sodium tetraborate buffer, acetonitrile 15% (v/v), 10 mmol/L NaCl at pH 9.5, with 25 kV of applied potential, injection time of 10 s at 5 × 103 N/m2, at a wavelength of 205 nm, and fixed temperature of 30°C. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 1.13 × 10−5 mol/L (4.22 μg/mL) to 5.65 × 10−5 mol/L (21.12 μg/mL), with R = 0.9995 for interday precision. LOD and LOQ values were 1.58 × 10−6 (0.58 μg/mL) and 4.78 × 10−6 mol/L (1.75 μg/mL), respectively. Precision values were 1.10–1.97% for intraday and 1.41% for interday RSDs. Accuracy was tested by preparing a synthetic mixture whose composition was similar to the pharmaceutical preparationfor Patanol. The RSDs of the recovery values (98.2%) were between 0.42 and 0.65% and the amount of OLO found was 1.09 mg/mL. The result was within the requirements of USP 31-NF 26. Therefore, this validated method is suggested for routine analysis for the determination of OLO in laboratories.
Facebook Discussion Groups Provide a Robust Worldwide Platform for Free Pathology Education
Authors: Gonzalez Raul S. , Amer Sadiq M. , Yahia Nejib Ben , Costa Felipe D'Almeida , Noatay Manu , Qiao Jian-Hua , Rosado Flavia G. , Rosen Yale , Sedassari Bruno Tavares , Yantiss Rhonda K. , Gardner Jerad M.
Published: October 2016

Context.—

Facebook (Menlo Park, California) is one of many online sites that provide potential educational tools for pathologists. We have each founded Facebook groups dedicated to anatomic pathology, in which members can share cases, ask questions, and contribute to discussions.

Objectives.—

To report our experiences in founding and maintaining these Facebook groups and to characterize the contributed content.

Design.—

We circulated a survey among the group founders, then compiled and analyzed the responses.

Results.—

The groups varied in membership and in the quality of member contribution. Most posts were of pathology cases, although other topics (such as research articles) were also shared. All groups remained active and received posts from users all over the world, although all groups had many noncontributing members and received unwanted messages (which were screened and removed). Most founders were glad they had founded the groups because they provided an opportunity to both teach and learn.

Conclusions.—

Each analyzed Facebook group had a different character, and some downsides exist, but the groups all provided a no-cost way for pathologists and others across the world to interact online with many colleagues.
Cultural Pervasiveness or Objective Violence?: Three Questions about KOS as Cultural Arbiters
Authors: Smiraglia Richard P.
Published: October 2016

Knowledge organization and knowledge organization systems are pervasive in human experience, yet the effect of this pervasiveness is overlooked and little analyzed. Several authors have called for a theory of knowledge organization that embraces cultural and social realities alongside domain-centric ontologies. Examples of leading studies point to pervasive and occasionally oppressive discourses embracing race, sex and gender and economics. Three research questions are presented about how to study knowledge organization systems as cultural arbiters and how to incorporate temporality and atemporality into the methodology of subject ontogeny.
Gift-Giving in the Podiatric Medical Student–Patient Relationship
Authors: López Daniel López , Pazo Paula Torreiro , Iglesias Marta E. Losa , de Bengoa Vallejo Ricardo Becerro
Published: October 2016

We sought to explore the relationship between the podiatric medical student and the patient as it relates to the act of gift-giving as a sign of gratefulness for the services provided. This article presents the clinical case of a man who visited a podiatric medical student because of pain in his feet and subsequently presented the student with several gifts. Philanthropy, empathy, a positive attitude, treatment instructions, and the time devoted to the patient are some of the reasons why patients offer gifts to podiatric medical students. The relationship between the podiatric medical student and the patient and the act of gift-giving by patients are of ethical concern.
Interdecadal Trichodesmium variability in cold North Atlantic waters
Authors: Rivero‐Calle Sara , Del Castillo Carlos E. , Gnanadesikan Anand , Dezfuli Amin , Zaitchik Benjamin , Johns David G.
Published: October 2016

Studies of the nitrogen cycle in the ocean generally assume that the distribution of the marine diazotroph, Trichodesmium, is restricted to warm, tropical, and subtropical oligotrophic waters. Here we show evidence that Trichodesmium are widely distributed in the North Atlantic. We report an approximately fivefold increase during the 1980s and 1990s in Trichodesmium presence near the British Isles with respect to the average over the last 50 years. A potential explanation is an increase in the Saharan dust source starting in the 1980s, coupled with changes in North Atlantic winds that opened a pathway for dust transport. Results from a coarse‐resolution model in which winds vary but iron deposition is climatologically fixed suggest frequent nitrogen limitation in the region and reversals of the Portugal current, but it does not simulate the observed changes in Trichodesmium. Our results suggest that Trichodesmium may be capable of growth at temperatures below 20°C and challenge assumptions about their latitudinal distribution. Therefore, we need to reevaluate assumptions about the temperature limitations of Trichodesmium and the dinitrogen (N2) fixation capabilities of extratropical strains, which may have important implications for the global nitrogen budget.