bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heterosis and genetic distance in intervarietal corn hybrids
Authors: Baretta Diego , Nardino Maicon , Carvalho Ivan Ricardo , Pelegrin Alan Junior de , Ferrari Mauricio , Oliveira Victoria Freitas de , Szareski Vinícius Jardel , Oliveira Antonio Costa de , Barros Willian Silva , Souza Velci Queiróz de , Maia Luciano Carlos da
Published: November 2019

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of intervarietal corn (Zea mays) hybrids with topcross crosses between landrace populations, and to confirm whether genetic dissimilarity between populations is correlated with the heterosis of the intervarietal hybrids in the field. Nine topcross hybrids were evaluated with their tester 'BRS Planalto', and the following landrace populations were used as parents: Argentino Branco, Dente de Ouro, Amarelão, Criolão, Caiano Rajado, Branco Oito Carreiras, Branco Roxo Índio, Cateto Branco, and Argentino Amarelo. The tester 'BRS Planalto' and the topcross hybrids Branco Oito Carreiras x 'BRS Planalto' and Criolão x 'BRS Planalto' showed higher per se potential for grain yield. The topcross hybrid Branco Oito Carreiras x 'BRS Planalto' showed a better performance for number of grains per row, grain weight, and ear diameter, whereas Criolão x 'BRS Planalto' displayed a better performance for the number of grains per row and ear length. Greater estimates of genetic distance did not necessarily result in greater heterosis values and were exclusively correlated with grain ear length. Therefore, it is not possible to predict the effects of high heterosis on grain yield, based on the genetic distance between the populations involved in the crosses.
Spatial variability of soil physical attributes in integrated production systems in the Amazon region
Authors: Feitosa Izabela de Lima , Passos Alexandre Martins Abdão dos , Cipriani Henrique Nery , Oliveira Marcelo Silva de , Marcolan Alaerto Luiz , Vasques Gustavo Mattos
Published: November 2019

Abstract: The objective of this work was to analyze the spatial variability of soil physical attributes in integrated production systems and its relationship with the growth and yield of a corn (Zea mays) crop intercropped with palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha). The experiment was carried out in an integrated crop-livestock (ICL) system and in an integrated crop-livestock-forestry (ICLF) system, in a Plinthic Hapludox. The ICLF system was managed in alleys between eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) rows, spaced at 18, 30, and 42 m. Corn grain and forage yields were positively correlated with soil clay and moisture contents, whereas grain yield was negatively correlated with soil penetration resistance. The lowest corn plant heights and grain yields were observed near eucalyptus rows. The average values for soil penetration resistance were below 2.0 MPa. Spatial variability was verified for: corn plant height, grain yield, and agronomic efficiency; forage intercropping; and soil moisture and silt contents, as well as penetration resistance. Greater grain and biomass yields were obtained at a 42-m distance between tree rows. The obtained results are indicative that corn traits and soil physical attributes were only slightly associated. The spatial distribution of the eucalyptus rows influences the agronomic efficiency of the intercrop and soil moisture contents.
Selection gains for bunch production in interspecific hybrids between “caiaué” and oil palm
Authors: Gomes Junior Rui Alberto , Lopes Ricardo , Cunha Raimundo Nonato Vieira da , Pina Antônio José de Abreu , Quaresma Carlos Edmundo , Campelo Raqueline Dias , Resende Marcos Deon Vilela de
Published: November 2019

Abstract: The objective of this work was to estimate selection gains for bunch production in hybrids obtained from “caiaué” (Elaeis oleifera) parents from the Manicoré population and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) parents from the La Mé population, from the third to the eighth year after planting. Thirty-nine full-sibling progenies were evaluated in experiments conducted in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates and 12 plants per plot. The genetic gain estimates were 27.6% for the ten best selected F1 individuals, 13.7% for the four best selected progenies from parents of both sexes, 6.4% for the selected progenies of the five best male parents, 6.0% for the selected progenies of the two best families from male parents, and 4.0% for the selected progenies of the best descendants from male parents. Genetic gains for bunch production can be achieved, in the short term, through selection restricted to male parents, and, in the medium term, through selection of both male and female parents and cloning of F1 individuals.
Application of polarization measurements for current efficiency calculation
Authors: Rudoy V. M. , Ostanin N. I. , Ostanina T. N. , Darintseva A. B. , Nikitin V. S. , Cherepanova A. I.
Published: November 2019

The paper considers a method used to determine Faraday current efficiency (CeF) based on the ratio of partial currents of metal and hydrogen reduction. To calculate the Faraday current efficiency based on polarization measurements, it is necessary to know the working current density and potential (Ei) at which the metal is deposited in the corresponding solution, as well as kinetic parameters of hydrogen evolution for determining the partial current density of hydrogen (iН2 ) at this potential. The proposed method was used to calculate current efficiency for the processes of nickel extraction and nickel coating application from solutions containing nickel sulfate at current density of 300 A/m2. The study allowed to determine kinetic parameters of hydrogen evolution by the polarization curve obtained in the background electrolyte solution containing 120 g/l of magnesium sulfate and 18 g/l of boric acid at pH = 3.9. An equation was obtained to calculate the partial current density of hydrogen evolution at any potential by kinetic parameters. The use of kinetic regularities made it possible to calculate nickel CeF in sulphate solutions of different composition and with different pH values (3.0 and 4.1). The calculated CeF values within the margin of error coincide with the current efficiency value determined by the gravimetric method using a copper coulometer. It is shown that the division of the «total current efficiency» (CeΣ), which is a commercial indicator, into Faraday (CeF) and apparatus (Ceap) indicators in combination with the method using partial polarization provide additional information about the degree of process perfection.
Investigation of TiB2–TiN eutectic alloy obtained by combustion synthesis for chemical resistance in mineral acid media
Authors: Ignatieva T. I. , Tarasov A. G. , Semenova V. N. , Studenikin I. A. , Karozina Yu.A. Yu. A.
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results obtained in the corrosion resistance study of TiB2/TiN eutectic alloy powder in HCl and HNO3 mineral acids. Experiments were carried out on samples synthesized in the combustion mode and then ground in an agate vessel. The morphology, size distribution and specific surface area of particles were determined in the obtained powder samples. Corrosion resistance experiments were conducted with varying acid concentration from 0.2 to 6.0 M and process temperature from 25 to 80 °C. Chemical analysis of the studied products of interaction with an aggressive medium was carried out to determine the content of main elements in them (titanium, boron, nitrogen) using methods developed for refractory compounds. As a result of the work carried out, it was shown that samples have the greatest resistance when interacting with solutions of diluted acids at room temperature, and their resistance decreases as acid concentration and/or process temperature rises. It was found that interaction with the acid occurs with both TiB2 and TiN phases in all cases considered in the paper. At the same time, the reaction involving the TiB2 phase was faster. For the first time deep corrosion and corrosion resistance of the alloy in HCl and HNO3 media were measured at room temperature and 1.0 M acid concentration. Based on the obtained data, the investigated alloy was classified as a «resistant» material. Corrosion resistance by a ten-point scale in HCl and HNO3 media was «4» and «5», respectively.
Structural-technological model of wear for surfacing materials based on Fe–Cr–Ni–Мо and Fe–Co–Ni–Мо
Authors: Fomicheva N. B. , Nechaev L. M. , Markova E. V. , Serzhantova G. V.
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the results obtained when studying the structure of surfacing materials based on martensitic-aging Fe–Cr– Ni–Мо и Fe–Co–Ni–Мо alloys obtained by plasma powder surfacing. Silicon was chosen as an alloying element, which made it possible to significantly improve the technical and economic performance of martensitic-aging materials. A comparison of martensitic-aging steels with high-carbon steels showed that the former provide an advantage as a wear-resistant material due to their increased resistance to crack propagation. Microscopic analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and electron microprobe analysis were used for the research. Surfacing materials were tested for wear and internal friction. Silicon oxide particles and chromium and molybdene silicides involved in the process of alloying material strengthening were found during the experiments. Silicide particle density was determined that varies depending on the amount of silicon in the material. The effect of the silicon content on the material hardness was considered. The data obtained on the structure and phase composition of Fe–Cr–Ni–Мо и Fe–Co–Ni–Мо compounds doped with silicon in both the initial and aged states made it possible to suggest a structural-physical model of their hardening in the course of aging. Results of the experiments showed that the heat treatment process actively influences the wear rate and weight wear reducing their values that is typical for both Fe–Cr–Ni–Мо and Fe–Co–Ni–Мо alloys. Based on these data, a structural-technological model of wear was obtained for the surfacing materials studied.
Eficácia dos cones vaginais no fortalecimento do assoalho pélvico na incontinência urinária feminina pós- menopausa: estudo de casos
Authors: Holzschuh Juliana Tornquist , Sudbrack Ana Cristina
Published: November 2019

INTRODUÇÃO: A incontinência urinária (IU), pode afetar ambos os sexos, porém apresenta alta prevalência no sexo feminino, sendo as mulheres, na terceira idade, as mais acometidas. A IU afeta a qualidade de vida (QV), pois causa desconforto, redução da autoconfiança, alteração do comportamento, interferência na sexualidade, no convívio social, na saúde física e emocional. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o uso de cones vaginais no fortalecimento do assolho pélvico (AP) em mulheres com incontinência urinaria pós-menopausa. MÉTODOS: Estudo quantitativo, de delineamento observacional exploratório do tipo estudo de casos, realizado com 2 mulheres inscritas para tratamento de IU. Foi realizado a aplicação do questionário International Consultation on Incontinense Questionnaire (ICIQ-SF) e avaliação funcional do AP por meio do perineômetro, antes e após 10 sessões, realizadas 3 vezes por semana, durante 45 minutos, através de um programa de tratamento com uso de cones vaginais e cinesioterapia, associando aos exercícios de Kegel. RESULTADOS: Quanto ao ICIQ-SF, a paciente 1, na avaliação pontou o escore de 10 pontos (muito grave) e na reavaliação 2 (leve impacto). A paciente 2, inicialmente pontuou 9 (grave impacto) e após o tratamento, 1 (leve impacto).. Na avaliação da contração muscular a paciente 1 obteve 40 sauers (normal) e passou para 44 (bom). A paciente 2 passou de 16 sauers (regular) para 28 (normal). CONCLUSÃO: Os cones vaginais beneficiaram mulheres com incontinência urinário de esforço, fortalecendo os músculos do assoalho pélvico, proporcionando melhora na qualidade de vida.
YABANCILARA TÜRKÇE ÖĞRETİMİNDE KULLANILACAK YAPILANDIRILMIŞ BİR PODCASTTE BULUNMASI GEREKEN ÖZELLİKLER
Authors: CAYHAN Cihan , KARAKAŞ Rezan
Published: November 2019

Türkçenin
yabancılara öğretiminde, yaşamın tüm alanlarını etkileyen İnternet ve
bilgisayar teknolojisinin olanaklarından faydalanmak gerekir. Bu kapsamda
Türkçenin yabancılara öğretiminde kullanılacak teknolojik materyallerden biri
de podcastlerdir. Dil öğretiminde podcastler kullanılarak daha etkili ve hızlı sonuçlar
alınabilir. Türkçe öğretiminde kullanılacak podcastlerin sahip olması gereken
özellikleri ortaya koymaya çalışan bu araştırmada veriler, betimsel tarama
yöntemiyle elde edilmiştir. İnternet ortamında yapılan araştırma, “Türkçe
öğretimi podcast”, “yabancılara Türkçe öğretimi podcast”, “learn Turkish
podcast” ifadeleriyle sınırlandırılmış ve bu alanda yapılan çalışmalardan
yararlanılmıştır. Ayrıca İngilizce öğretimi için hazırlanmış İnternet
ortamındaki podcastlerden “British Council” ve “ello.org” sitelerindeki
podcastler incelenmiştir. Podcastler içerik, kültür aktarımı, farklı etkinlikleri
barındırma ve oyunla öğretim vb. açılarından ele alınarak hazırlanacak Türkçe
podcastlerin sahip olması gereken nitelikler belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.

Yabancılara
Türkçe öğretiminde kullanılmak üzere hazırlanacak yapılandırılmış bir podcast;
dilin doğal gelişimini yansıtan diyaloglardan ve öğrenci seviyelerine göre planlanan
senaryolardan oluşmalı, sunucular aracılığıyla aktarılmalı, öğretilen dilin
kültürel zenginliklerini kapsayacak şekilde düzenlenmeli, masal ve efsanenin
merak uyandırıcı etkisinden yararlanmalı; fıkra, bilmece ve oyunlar
aracılığıyla eğlenceli hale getirilmeli, alanında yetkin kişiler tarafından
oluşturulmalı, dinleme sonrasında kelime, gramer ve anlamlandırma çalışmalarına
yer verilmelidir.
UYGUR HALK ANLATILARINDA SAYI SİMGECİLİĞİ
Authors: AYDIN Funda
Published: November 2019

Edebiyat, kültürel bir taşıyıcıdır ve
farklı kültürlerin yaşamlarına, inançlarına yerleşmiş olguları, kavramları halk
anlatılarıyla ortaya koymaktadır. Halk anlatıları adı altında ele alınan
destan, masal, hikâye, efsane, vb. türler araştırmacılara zengin malzemeler
sunmaktadırlar. Bu malzemelerin ilk sırasında özel anlam ve değerler yüklenerek
kutsallık kazanan sayılar yer almaktadır. Her sayı bir anlam alanına sahip
olmakla birlikte var olduğu kültürde kendine has fonksiyonlar yüklenmektedir.
Temeli bilinmeyen zamanlarda atılan sayı sistemlerinin toplumlara göre kimi
zaman uğurlu kimi zaman uğursuz sayılarak bir takım olay ve durumlara karşılık
olarak kullanıldıkları görülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda sayılar ve sayı sembolizmi,
anlatımı tamamlayıcı ve destekleyici unsurlar olarak kabul edilmektedir. Türk
dünyasında özellikle üç, dört, beş, yedi, dokuz, kırk sayıları sayı simgeciliği
açısından halk kültüründe ve anlatmalarında; inanışın ve değerlerin yansıması
olarak büyük önem taşımaktadır. Sayılarla ilgili bu kabuller ve inanışlar Uygur
Türklerinin anlatılarında da önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. İnanışların bir kısmı
mitolojik döneme dayanırken bir kısmı tarih boyunca öğrenilen kültür ve
inançlara dayanmaktadır. Bu makalede de Uygurların halk anlatılarında yer bulan
sayıların; yoğunluk düzeyleri ve nasıl işlendikleri ele alınarak yüklendikleri
anlamlar tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Yapılan
incelemeler sonucunda, Uygur halk anlatılarında sayı sembolizmine büyük oranda
yer verildiği görülmüştür. Türk kültüründe yoğun olarak kullanılan sayıların
Uygur Türklerinin halk inanışlarında da benzer işlevler yüklendikleri
anlaşılmıştır.
High molecular weight DNA extraction from fungal tissue for the long read PacBio sequencing v1
Authors: Darma Reynaldi , Mcdonald Megan
Published: November 2019

Obtaining high molecular weight DNA from certain materials for PacBio sequencing can be quite challenging because the quality requirement for the input DNA sample is really high. In my case, I need to provide the HMW DNA with these criteria for the library preparation and sequencing: -Minimum quantity of 20 µg of DNA for PacBio 10-20kb (Blue Pippin kit) -Pure DNA (has an OD260/OD280 ratio of 1.8 to 2.0 and an OD260/OD230 ratio of 1.8 - 2.2) -The Qubit to nanodrop concentration ratio should be above 0.5 -In the pippin pulse gel, the DNA sample should be a band above 40kb with minimum DNA degradation Therefore, a specific DNA extraction should be performed to obtain the high quality of HMW DNA. I performed DNA extraction from fungal pathogen, Rhynchosporium commune, with using Nagar and Schwessinger (2018) protocol with a slight modification especially with the amount of materials and reagents. Although I was unable to obtain the perfect HMW DNA in the end, the Sequel PacBio sequencing from that DNA sample yielded 13.47 Gb from 2 flow cells with the N50 of 20.7 kb. The de novo assembly from these reads generated 20 gapless contigs with 57.7 Mb genome size.
INTERACTIVE POWERPOINT MULTIMEDIA INFLUENCE IN SOCIAL STUDIES LEARNING ON CONCEPT UNDERSTANDING OF STUDENT SOCIAL MOBILITY
Authors: Dwirahayu Gita Kartika
Published: November 2019

One of the objectives of social studies is to recognize concepts related to people's lives and the environment. Social mobility is one of the material discussed in social studies learning and requires a more comprehensive understanding of students. One effort to improve the understanding of concepts in social studies learning is to use interactive multimedia PowerPoint. Through interactive multimedia PowerPoint, students are expected to be able to observe the concepts contained in learning material by absorbing as much information as possible through their senses so that they can improve the understanding of the concept of social mobility of students in social studies learning. The purpose of this study is to identify understanding of students' concepts when using interactive multimedia PowerPoint in social studies learning at Tasikmalaya 3rd Junior High School. The research method used a quasi experimental method with a nonequivalent control group design design pattern. The subjects of this study were Tasikmalaya 3rd Junior High School students there are class VIII B as the experimental class and class VIII C as the control class. The technique of collecting data is through tests of understanding the concepts of the pretest and posttest. Data analysis techniques using the normality test using chi square, homogeneity test using the F-test, and hypothesis testing using the t-test. The results showed an increase in the experimental class gain score on the three indicators, there are translation, interpretation, and extrapolation were higher than the control class. So that it can be concluded, social studies learning by using interactive PowerPoint multimedia is more effective in improving students' concepts understanding.
Content and composition of essential oil in lemon balm (Lippia alba (Mill) N.E.Br.) grown with ammonium and nitrate in light environments
Authors: Lima Janderson Do Carmo , Santos Anacleto Ranulfo Dos , Soua Aline Dos Anjos , Santos Marcelo Batista Dos , Alves Pericles Barreto
Published: November 2019

Medicinal plants have great potential for the production of phytocompounds, which are used for various purposes, mainly in drugs and cosmetics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the essential oil from Lippia alba cultivated with ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) under light environments. The plants were subjected to five ratios of NH4+: NO3- with nutritious solutions and four light environments (red, aluminet and black mesh, and full sun). The experiment design was entirely randomized with a 5 × 4 interaction and five repetitions per treatment, totaling 100 experiment units. The seedlings were transplanted to 6 dm3 plastic pots containing a mixture of washed sand + vermiculite at a ratio of 2:1. At 120 days after application of the treatments, the following parameters were evaluated: yield, content and composition of essential oil. The extraction was performed with the hydrodistillation method using drag of steam for a period of 2 hours. Nine compounds were found in the essential oil,  of which  neral and geranial represented 90% of the blend. Carvone was only found in the treatment with plants grown under the red mesh and with the 50:50 ratio of ammonium and nitrate.
Inter-Branch Analogy in the Practice of Overcoming Gaps in the Legal Regulation of "Golden Parachute" Payments
Authors: Mikryukov V. A.
Published: November 2019

The author of the article explains the advantages of using the method of inter-branch analogy and the use of established civil-law mechanisms to govern unsettled labor relations associated with the need to exercise judicial control over the amount of compensation paid for early dismissal to chief executive officers, their deputies, chief accountants of organizations in cases when dismissal occurs in the absence of any wrongdoing on behalf of an employee due to the change of ownership of the legal entity property or individuals controlling the legal entity. The author argues that lack of clear regulatory criteria applicable to determine the limits of discretion to establish the amount of such payments, legal uncertainty with respect of prior approval necessity and possibility of subsequent challenge of "golden parachutes" agreements on behalf of the beneficiaries of the organization constitute the most significant legal gap in the field in question. Due to the fact that a high degree of similarity was established with respect of the regime of transactions and labor agreements of top managers with regard to "golden parachutes" arrangements and a significant legal similarity was revealed between "golden parachutes" and civil law compensations paid to the creditor when the debtor exercised the right to unilaterally refuse to fulfill of the obligation, the author insists on doctrinal support for the application of rules applied to challenge major transactions and (or) interested party transactions to labor "golden parachutes" agreements, as well as the application of the mechanism of judicial reduction of abusive civil-law compensation to labor disputes in question.
Территориальное и демографическое “упорядочивание”: ближневосточные вызовы
Authors: Наумкин Виталий
Published: November 2019

Внимание сегодняшних политологов привлекают некоторые стратегии снижения конфликтности, предлагаемые авторами концепций “территориального упорядочивания” (right-sizing) и “демографического упорядочивания” (rightpeopling), и возможность их применения к современной ситуации на БлижнемВостоке, где система наций-государств сталкивается с рядом серьезных вызовов. Среди данных стратегий автор уделяет особое внимание модифицированной теории консоционализма, предложенной А. Лейпхартом и Г. Лембрухом еще в конце 1960-х годов, и ее интерпретациям современными авторами. Рассмотрены вопросы, требующие ответа при выборе тех или иных опций, предусмотренных различными стратегиями, к примеру – федерирования. Проанализированы практики различных ближневосточных режимов в этой области: как относительно успешные, так и не решившие поставленных перед ними задач, их сильные и слабые стороны.
Показано, что глубокая разделенность ближневосточных обществ, сильное влияние негосударственных акторов, вмешательство внешних арбитров, сектарианизация относятся к числу базовых причин, которые мешают преодолеть конфликтность и парировать вызовы государственности (сложная структура). Выявлены проблемы, возникающие из-за неудачного выбора или неверного применения различных стратегий. На примерах Ливана и Израиля/Палестины исследуются противоречивые результаты действий национальных элит в последние годы, в том числе “поражение консоциации” в случае израильско-палестинского конфликта.
Политические аспекты современного исламизма
Authors: Гринин Леонид , Коротаев Андрей
Published: November 2019

В статье анализируется ряд политических аспектов современного исламизма. Авторы показывают, как ведет себя исламизм в оппозиции (где он чувствует себя увереннее) и что случается, когда исламисты приходят к власти легитимным путем. Исламизм – это не нечто поверхностное, а глубинная и всеобъемлющая субстанция исламских обществ, поэтому крайне важно различать радикальный и умеренный исламизм, опираться на последний для ослабления первого, поскольку именно умеренный исламизм может стать позитивной и перспективной частью политического спектра исламских стран. Уменьшить опасность радикального, террористического исламизма одной только силовой борьбой с ним невозможно. Можно надеяться, что он пойдет на убыль в случае, если удастся разделить его с умеренным исламизмом и сделать последний более респектабельным, открытым, вовлеченным в нормальную политическую жизнь.
Концепция размежеваний и теория проблемных измерений: точки пересечения
Authors: Коргунюк Юрий
Published: November 2019

В статье анализируются недостатки методики, использованной в проекте “Манифесто”, в силу которых та ориентирована на выявление единственного проблемного измерения – так называемого право-левого: акцент на значимость для партий определенных проблем, а не на их позиции по данным проблемам; подведение содержания предвыборных манифестов под широкие категории, сформулированные на момент начала проекта и мало пригодные для анализа материалов незападных стран; не совсем удачная методика факторного анализа. Предложенная в качестве альтернативы методика переносит акцент на позиции партий по вопросам, вызывающим наибольшую поляризацию; расширяет массив изучаемых документов за счет интервью и стенограмм дебатов; ограничивает круг изучаемых материалов рамками одной избирательной кампании; вносит коррективы в процедуру факторного анализа и в результате позволяет определять структуру именно проблемных (конфликтных) измерений. Для выявления размежеваний, кроющихся внутри этих измерений, предлагается отталкиваться от электоральных размежеваний, которые заранее выявлены факторным анализом долей голосов, полученных партиями в различных территориальных единицах. Факторные нагрузки партий по каждому из электоральных размежеваний сравниваются с их факторными нагрузками в политическом пространстве; для повышения точности результатов анализу подвергаются позиции партий в отдельных предметных областях. Предложенная методика использована для анализа структуры конфликтных измерений и электоральных размежеваний на выборах в российскую Госдуму (2016) и Бундестаг ФРГ (2017). Обнаружено, что в России политическое пространство структурировано тремя конфликтными измерениями: системным, авторитарно-демократическим и социально-экономическим, в ФРГ – двумя: системным (GAL/TAN с доминированием транснационального размежевания) и социально-экономическим. При этом в электоральном пространстве России доминирует авторитарно-демократическое размежевание, а второе по значимости имеет комбинированный (социально-экономический + системный) характер, тогда как в ФРГ первое ЭР является системным, а второе – социально-экономическим.
Цифровое политическое участие: эффективность электронных петиций негосударственных онлайн-платформ (на материале Change.org)
Authors: Радина Надежда , Крупная Дарья
Published: November 2019

В статье представлено эмпирическое исследование, выполненное на материале электронных петиций русскоязычного сегмента международной цифровой платформы петиций Change.org. Электронные петиции анализируются в теоретическом поле цифрового политического участия, включая слактивизм, с целью охарактеризовать границы эффективности петиций и представить тематические доминанты по федеральным округам как на уровне выдвижения петиций, так и на уровне их поддержки онлайн-голосованием. Исследование включает материалы Change.org с 2012 по 2017 гг. При помощи компьютерного обеспечения Python, библиотек Lxml, Requests и Re были извлечены и проанализированы 22 452 петиции с учетом территории их создания. Также были идентифицированы 918 петиций, получивших статус “исполненных” (статус после голосования определяет автор петиции) для анализа по регионам. Обе текстовые базы тематизированы на основе открытого кодирования при помощи программного обеспечения AntConc и TopicMiner и проанализированы с применением инструментов описательной статистики, включая кластерный анализ (SPSS Statistics 22). В процессе исследования определились три группы территорий, где (1) власть и бизнес готовы, отвечая на запросы населения, решать широкий круг вопросов в русле культурной, социальной и политической жизни региона, (2) власть и бизнес откликаются только на проблемы выживания населения, (3) власть и бизнес безопасно ощущают себя, содействуя решению проблем защиты животных и игнорируя другие требования населения, изложенные в онлайн-петициях. Исследование позволяет утверждать, что онлайн-петиции популярных негосударственных цифровых платформ оказывают эффект на принятие политических решений. Наиболее показательна тематика поддержанных петиций, поскольку является интегративным показателем: отражает потребности населения территории, указывает на готовность других россиян признать проблему стоящей решения, показывает, какие проблемы населения региональные власти или бизнес готовы решать без значительного общественного давления.
Инсценирование политической реальности
Authors: Сорокина Вероника
Published: November 2019

Термин “инсценирование”, возникший в 1820-1830-х годах в рамках театрального лексикона, приобрел особое значение с появлением новых медиа, имеющих такие особенности, как цифровой формат, интерактивность и мультимедийность. Сегодня это понятие отражает вторжение принципов театральности как в информационную повседневность каждого человека, так и в глобальные политические процессы. Пользуясь методологией, разработанной классиками политической социологии и коммуникологии (Ж. Бодрийяр, Ю. Хабермас, М. Маклюэн) и современными исследователями (Э. Фишер-Лихте, Т. Мейер, К. Шиха), автор показывает, как в результате инсценирования размываются границы между реальным и представляемым, что впоследствии может применяться в целях манипулирования общественным мнением. В статье рассматриваются различные аспекты феномена инсценирования и его особенности на современном этапе, а также анализируются процессы, создающие условия для популяризации и повсеместного использования инсценирования. Автор приходит к выводу, что на фоне роста иррациональности и неопределенности в постнеклассическом обществе и усиления роли масс в формировании информационной повестки именно они, а не отдельные акторы и правящие элиты, выступают основным “заказчиком” инсценируемой реальности, а затем и ее потребителем. При этом нивелировать негативные последствия инсценирования становится все сложнее, поскольку оно не имеет единого источника и не может контролироваться.
Причины и смысл революций: версия Николая Розова
Authors: Нефедов Сергей
Published: November 2019

Статья посвящена вопросу о закономерностях революционного процесса, который рассматривается в новой книге Николая Розова “Причины, динамика и смысл революций” (М.: УРСС. 2019). Н. Розов вводит новое определение социальной революции, которое существенно расширяет предложенные Тедой Скочпол и Джеком Голдстоуном определения. С одной стороны, определение Розова удобно, так как лучше соответствует традиционной лексике историков. С другой стороны, оно существенно расширяет класс рассматриваемых объектов, что порождает новые трудности в поисках общих для них закономерностей. Н. Розов указывает на одну из таких закономерностей, но при конкретной ее интерпретации для Февральской революции в России она оказывается малоинформативной.
Франция, удивляющая мир
Authors: Кудрявцев Андрей
Published: November 2019

В статье рассматриваются политические проблемы, которым посвящена последняя книга выдающегося политтехнолога Игоря Бунина “Выборы Макрона, или Выбор Франции: французская политика в 2017-2018 годах”, вышедшая в прошлом году в издательстве “Школа гражданского просвещения”. Падение влияния обеих системных политических партий – социалистов и республиканцев, – обусловлено тем, что обе они, находясь у власти, не сумели найти решения нарастающих социально-экономических проблем страны. К выборам они подходили, будучи внутренне размежеванными в публичной сфере по многим вопросам. На этом фоне наращивали политические мускулы крайние политические движения как справа, так и слева, стоящие на позициях популизма. Назревшей потребностью в обновлении умело воспользовались располагающие себя в центре политического спектра: Макрон, победивший на президентских выборах, и созданная им новая партия “Вперед, Франция!”, добившаяся абсолютного большинства в Национальном собрании. В ходе необычной избирательной кампании дискуссия о будущем страны оказалась в значительной степени выхолощенной. По итогам избирательного цикла 2017 г. действовавшая на протяжении последнего полувека биполярная партийно-политическая система оказалась взорванной, а политическая элита страны радикально обновлена. Показаны первые шаги администрации Макрона, энергично приступившего к реформам сложившейся в стране социально-экономической модели, а также истоки охватившего Францию на рубеже 2018-2019 гг. масштабного социального кризиса, глубинной основой которого является размывание среднего класса и рост неустойчивости его положения, активно подпитывающие популизм.
Applying satellite images to spectral signature development of maize production (Zea mays L.) under colombia’s middle tropics conditions
Authors: Ávila Vélez Edier Fernando , Escobar Escobar Natalia , Morantes Choconta Carlos Francisco
Published: November 2019

Maize is currently the world’s second largest crop in terms of production, after wheat and rice. It is the first cereal as for grain yield per hectare and the second, after wheat, regarding total production. Maize has great economic importance worldwide, both as human and/or animal food, and as a source of a large number of industrial products. New digital technologies are allowing greater monitoring of farming production stages. This research developed the spectral signature of maize fields ground covers across different growth stages (2 months, 2.3 months and 4.3 months). Similarly, this research paper proposes the application of a methodology based on four phases: 1. Maize crop georeferencing, 2. Satellite images selection, 3. Radiometric calibration of images 4. Spectral signature development of maize crops. Spectral response or signature of maize crops at visible and near-infrared wavelengths was obtained, indicating significant changes in crops growth. The use of satellite imagery becomes an interesting tool that introduces an approach towards more accurate and controlled monitoring systems in agricultural production.
Efectividad y seguridad del uso de micronutrientes en polvo para tratamiento de niños con anemia: revisión sistemática
Authors: Libreros-Arana Luz Adriana , García-Perdomo Herney Andrés , Valencia Caicedo Alfonso María
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: Estimar la efectividad del uso de micronutrientes en polvo, comparado con otras intervenciones para tratamiento de niños con anemia. Metodología: Se realizó revisión sistemática, en las siguientes bases de datos: Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL, LILACS, Psycinfo, Clinicaltrials.gov, Google scholar, open gray y resúmenes de congresos. No restricción de idioma, se incluyeron ensayos clínicos controlados, hasta enero de 2017. Resultados: Se identificaron 14.735 artículos; 3 estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión: Kounnavong, 2011, Lemaire, 2011 y Hirve, 2007. Kounnavong concluyó que la suplementación con MMP tuvo efectos positivos en la reducción de la prevalencia de la anemia y en el mejoramiento de la concentración de hemoglobina; Hirve evidenció un aumento significativo de la Hemoglobina a las 3 y a las 8 semanas en todos los grupos sin diferencias significativas entre ellos. En el estudio de Lemaire, la hemoglobina fue mayor para los sujetos asignados al azar en el grupo que recibe MNP a 2 meses.  Conclusiones: No es posible estimar la efectividad del uso de micronutrientes en polvo, comparado con otras intervenciones para tratamiento de niños con anemia, debido a la insuficiencia y heterogeneidad clínica de los estudios incluidos.
Radical resection for duodenal carcinoma with isolated bilateral ovarian metastasis: a case report
Authors: Soni Subhash , Varshney Vaibhav , Goyal Manu , Shekher Shashank
Published: November 2019

Natural history of duodenal adenocarcinoma is not well known. Although extremely rare, the incidence of primary small bowel adenocarcinoma has been increasing. Primary duodenal cancer is a very rare, which has accounted for only 0.3% of all gastrointestinal cancers. Isolated ovarian metastasis from duodenal carcinoma is extremely rare entity. We report a case of duodenal carcinoma with isolated bilateral ovarian metastasis in a 39-year-old female patient managed surgically with Whipple’s procedure with bilateral oophorectomy. She presented with complaints of dyspepsia and intermittent vomiting since 1½ years. History of anorexia and weight loss present. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was suggestive of circumferential ulcerated friable lesion at duodenum (D1-2) region and histopathology suggestive of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Subsequent imaging studies revealed 6×5 cm duodenal mass in D1 and D2 without IHBRD with right ovarian mass. She underwent staging laparoscopy with open classic Whipple’s procedure with bilateral oophorectomy was done. Intraoperatively 6×6 cm mass involving first and second part of duodenum involving head of pancreas was found with 3×3 cm right ovarian mass. Post-operative period was uneventful and she discharged on POD6. Final biopsy was suggestive of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of duodenum with bilateral ovarian metastasis and she received adjuvant chemotherapy. Now at 1 year, on regular follow up she is completely asymptomatic and imaging showed no recurrent disease. Isolated ovarian metastasis may not be a contraindication for radical surgery in selected group of patients with duodenal carcinoma.
Fatty acid and phospholipid chlorohydrins cause cell stress and endothelial adhesion.
Authors: Dever Gary , Wainwright Cherry L , Kennedy Simon , Spickett Corinne M
Published: November 2019

The oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is thought to contribute to atherogenesis, which is an inflammatory disease involving activation of phagocytic cells. Myeloperoxidase, an enzyme which is able to produce hypochlorous acid (HOCl), is released from these phagocytic cells, and has been found in an active form in atherosclerotic plaques. HOCl can oxidize both the lipid and protein moiety of LDL, and HOCl-modified LDL has been found to be pro-inflammatory, although it is not known which component is responsible for this effect. As HOCl can oxidize lipids to give chlorohydrins, we hypothesized that phospholipid chlorohydrins might have toxic and pro-inflammatory effects. We have formed chlorohydrins from fatty acids (oleic, linoleic and arachidonic acids) and from phospholipids (stearoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine, stearoyl-linoleoyl phosphatidylcholine and stearoyl-arachidonoyl phosphatidylcholine), and investigated various biological effects of these oxidation products. Fatty acid and phospholipid chlorohydrins were found to deplete ATP levels in U937 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with significant effects observed at concentrations of 25 microM and above. Low concentrations (25 microM) of stearoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine and stearoyl-arachidonoyl phosphatidylcholine chlorohydrins were also found to increase caspase-3 activity. Finally, stearoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine chlorohydrin increased leukocyte adhesion to artery segments isolated from C57Bl/6 mice. These results demonstrate potentially harmful effects of lipid chlorohydrins, and suggest that they may contribute to some of the pro-inflammatory effects that HOCl-modified low density lipoprotein has been found to induce.
Effect of Rho-associated kinase inhibition on actin cytoskeleton structure and calcium response in glioma C6 cells.
Authors: Targos Berenika , Pomorski Paweł , Krzemiński Patryk , Barańska Jolanta , Redowicz Maria Jolanta , Kłopocka Wanda
Published: November 2019

The role of actin cytoskeleton functional state in glioma C6 cell morphology and calcium signaling was investigated through modification of myosin II activity by blocking Rho-associated kinase with the specific inhibitor Y-27632. Treatment of glioma C6 cells with ROCK inhibitor resulted in actin cytoskeleton reorganization and also in the changed shape and distribution of mitochondria. Changes in the distribution of ER, the main calcium store in glioma C6 cells, were not visible. The inhibition of myosin II activity influences the first phase of calcium signaling evoked by agonist, and both phases of thapsigargin-evoked calcium response. We suggest that the observed increase in Ca2+ release from intracellular stores induced by IP3 formation as well as inhibition of SERCA ATPase is at least in part related to severely affected mitochondria. Enhancement of capacitative calcium entry evoked by thapsigargin is probably associated with the reorganization of the acto-myosin II system. ATP-induced calcium response presents no changes in the second phase. We observed that ATP stimulation of Y-27632 pretreated cells leads to immediate morphological rearrangement of glioma C6 cells. It is a consequence of actin cytoskeleton reorganization: formation of stress fibers and relocation of phosphorylated myosin II to actin filaments. It seems that the agonist-evoked strong calcium signal may be sufficient for myosin II activation and the stress fiber organization. This is the first work showing the dependence between the functional state of the acto-myosin II system and calcium signaling stressing the reversible character of this relationship.
Sustained Remission from Drug Addiction among the Attendees of the Meetings of Anonymous Addicts and Rehabilitation Centers in Mashhad, Iran, During 2017
Authors: Aramideh Zahra , Sahbaeiroy Faezeh
Published: November 2019

Background: Addiction is one of the most complex diseases of the century that for it's treatment various methods have been proposed. In this regard, one of the non-pharmacological methods with a profound effect on drug withdrawal involves the participation of addicted individuals in a 12-step anonymous addiction recovery program. The purpose of this study was to compare the sustained remission from drug addiction among individuals taking part in an anonymous recovery program and those attending a rehabilitation center for drug withdrawal.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 300 participants (150 individuals of the anonymous recovery program and 150 patients of the rehabilitation center) in Mashhad, Iran, using a random sampling technique. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of two parts, namely demographic information and information related to sustained remission from drug addiction in the attendees of the two groups.
Results: The obtained results indicated that there was a significant difference between the two groups in term of withdrawal from drug abuse  (χ2 = 0.08; P < 0.001). Addiction resumption occurred in 40.7, 48.4, and 10.9% of cases in the first, second, and third months, respectively. Regarding addiction relapses, 42% and 70% of patients in the rehabilitation and anonymous groups failed to accomplish the recovery, respectively. Regarding sustained remission from drug addiction among the investigated subjects, 40% of the cases in the anonymous addict group and 51.6% of individuals in the rehabilitation canter could persistently withdraw from drug abuse for more than  6 and 3 months, respectively.  Accordingly, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of sustained remission from drug addiction (χ2 = 0.08; P < 0.001).
Conclusion: On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that attendance to anonymous addict meetings can be a useful strategy to continue the addiction withdrawal after the detoxification period.
The Effect of Compassion-Based Counseling on Marital Intimacy of Conflicted Couples
Authors: Zahedi Maryam
Published: November 2019

Background: The occurrence of marital conflicts decreases the quality of communication between couples and marital intimacy. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of compassion-based counseling on marital intimacy of conflicted couples in Isfahan.
Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population included all couples referring to Isfahan counseling centers in 1396. The sample size was 30 couples who were selected by purposive non-random sampling method and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The intervention group received compassion-based counseling intervention for 8 sessions which lasted an hour and a half for 2 months. Then, subjects in both groups were examined. The instruments used were the marital conflict questionnaire and marital intimacy questionnaire. After collecting the questionnaires and extracting the raw data, data were analyzed by SPSS (version 23) using descriptive statistics and covariance analysis.
Results: The results showed that compassion-based counseling had a significant effect on the marital intimacy of couples in the post-test phase (P < 0.0001). This treatment could increase the marital intimacy of conflicted couples.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that compassion-based therapy using techniques such as mindfulness training, empathy, and sympathy for oneself and managing difficult emotions can enhance the marital intimacy of the conflicted couples. In this regard, compassion-based therapy can be used as an effective treatment to increase the marital intimacy of conflicted couples.
Qualitative Study of Women's Experiences with In Vitro Fertilization in Maybod City
Authors: Afrasiabi Hossein , Zareei Mahmoodabadi Fatemeh , Zareei Mahmoodabadi Hassan
Published: November 2019

Background: In vitro fertilization (IVF) is one of the most important treatments of infertility for couples. The purpose of this study was in vitro fertilization experiences of women in Maybod city.
Methods: This study is based on the qualitative approach and Grounded theory method. Under-study populations were infertile females of Maybod City. Cases of the study were 14 women which were selected with purposive sampling up to data saturation. Data of this investigation were collected from semi-structure interviews. After data collection, open, axial and selective coding was performed.
Results: After the first step of coding 348 primary codes were collected and they categorized into five main groups including turning to spirituality, keeping the stability life, overcoming on mutual challenges, mental occupation, and common acceptance.
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, for women with several unsuccessful experiences of IVF, the main problem related to their infertility is unstable family.
DNA damage in buccal cells in oral PMDs and malignant disorders by comet assay
Authors: Rawat Garima , Urs Aadithya B , Chakravarti Anita , Kumar Priya
Published: November 2019

Aim: DNA damage associated with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) is produced due to carcinogenic agents or increased oxidative stress. Comet assay can assist in early detection and evaluation of the amount of DNA damage; lymphocytesare the most commonly used cells for performing comet assay. Utilisation of buccal epithelial cells in comet assay can be a minimally invasive and rapid method.  The present study compared the efficacy of comet assay in assessing DNA damage in buccal cells over peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs) in oral potentially malignant and malignant disorders. Methods: The study included fifty five patients each of Leukoplakia, Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) and OSCC along with fifty five healthy individuals as control. Buccal epithelial cells were collected from all the selected subjects. DNA damage was evaluated bymeasuring the mean tail length (µm). Results: A significantly increased mean tail length (µm) and higher DNA damage were found in OSCC (26.1096 + 1.84355) and there was a progressive stepwise increase in mean tail length from control(8.4982 + 0.93307) to PMD [leukoplakia (14.6105 + 0.71857); OSMF (12.5009 + 1.12694)] to OSCC.The mean tail length in different habit groups was greater than controls, though no significant difference was noted between habit groups. The mean tail length of buccal cells was significantly greater than the mean tail length of PBLs in all study groups and controls. Conclusion: Hence, use of comet assay on buccal epithelial cells can prove to be beneficiary for evaluation of DNA damage.