bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intertextuality as a Reading Performance: Playful Citations in Yannis Skarimbas's Μαριάμπας
Authors: Papargyriou Eleni
Published: July 2012

While the majority of Greek prose fiction writers in the 1930s attached themselves to a canon heavily influenced by European trends, Yannis Skarimbas, in his novel Μαριάμπας, shows an "irreverent" attitude toward such European influences by employing playful citation strategies. Skarimbas's novel renews its sources by means of bold montage and collage techniques, thus featuring an intertextual game which can be effectively described as a friction between different fictional worlds that compete to establish themselves. Four main intertexts of various genres, Knut Hamsun's novel, Mysteries ; Pierre Louÿs's short story, "La Fausse Esther"; excerpts from the ancient historian Polybius (his account of the battle of Zama); and Shakespeare's play, Macbeth , interact and subvert each other in the text, which offers a commentary on the reading process by monitoring reading performances of both the author Skarimbas and his hero-double aspiring novelist, Mariambas.
Research Opportunities in the Modern Greek Collection in the Classics Library at the University of Cincinnati
Authors: Riley Jacquelene W.
Published: July 2012

From its inception in the early 1930s, the Modern Greek Collection in the University of Cincinnati's John Miller Burnam Classical Library has been a vital resource for the study of Hellenism as a continuum from prehistory to the present. While the Modern Greek Collection focuses on Byzantium and modern Greece, the Library's Classics Collection is a major international research resource in the area of Classical Studies. Whether from its use by University of Cincinnati faculty and students or visiting scholars or through broader sharing of its resources by way of OhioLINK or interlibrary loan, the Classics Library encourages access to its resources to further the study of Hellenism internationally. Taken as a whole, the Classics Library's Greek materials serve as a particularly rich resource for research in any aspect of Greek studies. However, collection development and management issues for Greek publications must be addressed to ensure that this collection continues to be a major resource in the field.
The Reformation of Class
Authors: Just Roger
Published: July 2012

Like most areas of rural Greece that have been studied by anthropologists, the island of Meganisi does not appear to possess an indigenous class structure. However, the apparent absence of "class" may well be a historical "hiccup," a result of the very particular social conditions that obtained in the postwar period. In the past, Meganisi did possess a class structure based on the ownership of land. This class structure was destroyed by the comparative devaluation of land when other avenues for the accumulation of wealth opened and were taken advantage of by the poorer sections of the community. Nowadays, despite Meganisi's strongly egalitarian ethos, a new process of class formation is underway, this time based not on ownership of the means of production but on education and the accumulation of cultural capital. This new class structure based on cultural distinction may prove more durable than the earlier one based on purely economic differentiation.
Teachers' Employment Conditions in Greece: Findings of a Survey
Authors: Papas George , Psacharopoulos George
Published: July 2012

This paper reports on the problems faced by the teaching profession in Greece based on a survey of those in training. Nearly 50% of the primary school teachers in the country are waiting to be employed. Teachers' salaries are significantly lower than salaries in other occupations, including construction work. There is dissatisfaction in the teaching profession; however, given the country's economic situation, few teachers are prepared to change employment. The above findings are discussed in the context of policy options designed to end the backlog of unappointed teachers and to signal prospective entrants to the profession that their employment opportunities will be limited in the fixture.
Politicizing Culture: Negating Ethnic Identity in Greek Macedonia
Authors: Karakasidou Anastasia
Published: July 2012

Nation-building directly affects ethnic identity as it transforms the peoples of a region into the people of a nation-state. Since the incorporation of Macedonia into the expanding Greek state in 1913, Greek authorities have attempted to wrest control of enculturation away from the private domain of the family and to place it under the control of state institutions. In the process, Slavic speakers of the area have found themselves forbidden to use their Slavic language or to engage in songs, dances, and other public cultural activities. Some have resisted, protesting that such restrictions destroy their distinct local culture. This paper investigates such charges, examining Slavo-Macedonian claims to a distinct ethnic heritage and minority status, as well as reactions and counter-claims by Greek authorities to such assertions. I argue that the politicization of culture in Greek Macedonia has directly contributed to the denial of ethnic identity among Slavic speaking inhabitants there.
From Agriculture to Tourism: Property, Labor, Gender, and Kinship in a Greek Island Village (Part Two)
Authors: Galaní-Moutáfi Vasilikí
Published: July 2012

The transition from agriculture to tourism is accompanied by shifts in property and labor that have significant implications for gender and kinship. An agriculturally based system that has favored male ownership of productive property resources and agnatic kin cooperation gave prominence to men both as economic actors and as representatives of the household. Men's dominant role in the organization of the household economy was reflected in kinship's patrilateral emphasis. While the decline of agriculture weakened men's power base, the growth of tourism has upgraded women's economic position as well as their capacity to influence the structure of kinship. The transformation of dowry houses into valuable resources and the opening up of new opportunities for women to earn income without necessarily operating under the control of male kin are key changes resulting from touristic development. These changes underlie the added importance of women's roles, the female orientation of kinship, and the strengthening of the mother-daughter bond as the focal point in inter-household cooperation and exchange.
Greek Adults' Verbal Play, Or, How to Train for Caution
Authors: Hirschon Renée
Published: July 2012

This anthropological analysis treats from various viewpoints a common mode of discourse between Greek adults and children characterized as "verbal play" and constituting promues, threats, and fahe stories. A taxonomic refinement for Greek statements of intention is suggested since many utterances function as "statements of affect." The analysis deals with structure and also with social and cultural dimensions. In structural terms, verbal play is an expression of asymmetry of status and inequalities of power, a key explanatory notion being that of "obligation." The social and cultural dimensions of verbal play involve its role in the process of socialization where it inculcates into children a sense of caution and disbelief regarding verbal utterances. Since these verbal deceptions also take place within the family, it is this primary locus of trust and security that initiates children existentially into the world-view of Orthodox Christianity—into phenomenal reality's fallen condition and humanity's consciousness of imperfection.
Men's κλέος and Women's γόος: Female Voices in the Iliad
Authors: Easterling P. E.
Published: July 2012

Female characters in the Iliad are often given voices in contexts of formal lamentation, where their grief at the loss of husbands or sons is presented not merely in emotional terms but also as articulate commentary on the events of the poem. (This is brought out with particular clarity in Books 6 and 24.) Women are also given a role as creators: their domestic handiwork as weavers, which sets them in contrast with the men, active in war and public life, is sometimes used as an analogue for the creative work of the poet, as the medium through which human beings are given kléos . The Iliad thus gives unexpected authority to what women say and create, and later writers could find models here for making female speakers express thoughts that their society might "officially" think them incapable of formulating.
The Subjunctive in Modern Greek: Dividing the Labor Between Semantics and Pragmatics
Authors: Rouchota Villy
Published: July 2012

This paper discusses the semantics and pragmatics of some types of na -main clauses in Modern Greek. First, I present the data and discuss earlier attempts to define the semantics of the na+ verb construction. I argue that na -clauses have a univocal semantics and semantically encode that the state of affairs described by the proposition expressed is regarded as possible. Assuming this semantics, a principled account of the way in which na-main clauses are interpreted on particular occasions can be provided within an adequate pragmatic theory like relevance theory. In particular, I argue that the information semantically encoded by na contributes to the construction of a higher level explicature with a propositional attitude description carried by the utterance and that various interpretations of na -main clauses involve inferentially enriching the underdetermined semantic specification "possible world."
Why the Post-Symbolists Have No Symbols
Authors: Philokyprou Elli
Published: July 2012

The Greek post-symbolists—the "Generation of Karyotákis"—show a pre-occupation with the possibilities and limitations of poetic hnguage. One key to their poetry, therefore, may be found in the interaction between its syntactical and semantic structures. Recurring thematic areas in post-symbolism are (1) memory, nostalgia, desire, and escape, (2) love and death, and (3) the act of writing or singing. Recurring linguistic features are the interplay between dynamic and static structures and the relationship between syntactical structures of positive and negative semantic value. An examination of poems from each thematic category in terms of these two linguistic features indicates that the post-symbolists view their own poetry as a linguistic dead end and also that the very nature of post-symbolist poetry renders impossible such a forceful linguistic feature as symbols.
Return Migrants and Tourism Development: An Example from the Cyclades
Authors: Kenna Margaret E.
Published: July 2012

A detailed anthropological case study of a small Cycladic island shows that a strict dichotomy between locals and outsiders in the study of tourism development is too simplistic. The role of return migrants in such development has been overlooked. Seasonally or permanently returning migrants stress either their local or their outsider identity as it suits their circumstances. They make use of a combination of local kinship network and island contacts together with urban experience and investment capital gained from migration, and establish and run the majority of tourist-related enterprises. Permanently returned migrants become active in local politics and may find themselves in conflict both with long-term residents and with other urban-based migrants over development plans.
A Singular Falsity: Metaphysics, Modernity, and Eternal Return in El amor en los tiempos del cólera
Authors: Mattessich Stefan
Published: July 2012

This essay frames in García Márquez’s novel an ethical subjectivity constituted through discursive relations to a distinctively modern history. These relations are sustained by his characters via psychological modes of disavowal, euphemism, and denial that García Márquez analyzes in terms of an aesthetic drive for autonomy or exception. This drive works not simply at a thematic level but also semiotically, in the novel’s formal dimension, and according to a principle of “eternal return” singularly legible in a self-implicating reflection on language and interpretation. This essay seeks to demonstrate this reflection both in the novel and in its own approach, on the assumption that its stakes for García Márquez appear most readily in “readerly complicity” with the modern history his novel tells.
On Going Nowhere Too Fast: José Ángel Mañas’s Historias del Kronen and the Surface Culture of Andy Warhol
Authors: Henseler Christine
Published: July 2012

This essay examines the surface culture of the novel Historias del Kronen (1994) by José Ángel Mañas through the artwork of Andy Warhol. Warhol’s artistic philosophy, in particular the relationship he establishes between technology and emotion, crystallizes the novel’s televisual framework of temporary subjects and conversations, interchangeable locations and events, an absence of character development, a spatial and temporal framework emptied of meaning, and superficial schematized repetitions.
Cosmopolitismo y hospitalidad en El paraíso en la otra esquina , de Mario Vargas Llosa
Authors: Mouat Ricardo Gutiérrez
Published: July 2012

El artículo elabora dos tipos de cosmopolitismo que se enfrentan en la novela de Vargas Llosa y expone la crisis hospitalaria a la cual ambos se prestan: el cosmopolitismo de la igualdad propuesto por Flora Tristán –basado en principios éticos e implementable por medio de la acción política—y el cosmopolitismo de la diferencia defendido por Paul Gauguin, proyecto que involucra una estética de lo exótico. Se muestra como se arma entre ambos un contrapunto estructural pero cómo a la vez divergen en términos históricos.
Immanent Miracles: From De Sica to Hardt and Negri
Authors: Ricciardi Alessia
Published: July 2012

A genealogical link between Vittorio de Sica's Miracle in Milan (1951) and Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri's Empire (2000) may be found in the work of Gilles Deleuze. De Sica and Hardt and Negri locate a politics of resistance in the sphere of immanence, on an ontological basis. Miracle in Milan and Empire thus exemplify Deleuze's attitude when, praising Foucault, he declares that "Life becomes resistance to power when power takes life as its object." This attitude leads De Sica and Hardt and Negri to a shared faith in the political vitality of the poor.
"If We Put Our Heads between Our Legs": An Introduction to the Theme "Vladimir Nabokov and Arthur Schopenhauer"
Authors: Senderovich Savely , Shvarts Yelena
Published: July 2012

Arthur Schopenhauer was one of the most influential thinkers in Russian culture during the formative years of Nabokov's life. There is direct evidence that Nabokov read the German philosopher, and their juxtaposition allows us to reconstruct some of the systematic dimensions of Nabokov's conceptual world. Moreover, Schopenhauer provides the language of Nabokov's philosophical thinking. While a philosopher usually operates by the means of abstract notions, a novelist's artistic conceptions are expressed most adequately through constellations of motifs. Schopenhauer was a rare philosopher who developed his reasoning by playing out a range of pivotal motifs. By way of introduction to the theme, the article shows the reverberation of four motifs, the cornerstones of Schopenhauer's philosophy ( oak, camera obscura, world as a puppet show , and one alive among puppets ), in Nabokov's writings. Reading Nabokov and Schopenhauer vis-à-vis each other allows us to reveal the existential problems at the root of their thinking.
Esth�tique n�o-classique et romantisme
Authors: Brix Michel
Published: July 2012

Brix's introductory essay exposes the problematic rapport between neoclassicism and Romanticism in the aesthetic commentaries and creative work of early nineteenth-century Romantic writers on which this volume is based. Rather than a simple opposition between neoclassicism as imitation of the Antique and Romanticism as a break with the classical ideal, he shows that the debate on the nature of beauty takes place within the ranks of the Romantics themselves. Whereas writers like Mme de Staël and Victor Cousin describe their aesthetic ideal in neo-Platonic terms as indissolubly linked to the Good and the True, others like Stendhal or Balzac believe great art is an expression of the passions with no claim to Truth. Tensions between the two positions can be seen in the work of Chénier, Gautier, Nerval, and even Delacroix. (In French)
Games Without Play
Authors: Golumbia David
Published: July 2012

While we call them games without much critical reflection, this essay asks how well computer and video games fit into usual understandings of the conceptual and cultural functions of play. In different but related ways, in the writings of both Jacques Derrida and Roger Caillois, play is characterized by a certain kind of rule—a rule that is only quasi-teleological and partially breakable, and is fundamental precisely because of its disconnection from particular cultural contexts. Looking closely at

World of Warcraft

, and in particular the forms of questing, character development, progress, and sociality developed in the game, questions emerge about the degree to which using the game is or is not a form of play. While often discussed as benefits of contemporary gaming environments, the many connections between games like

World of Warcraft

and external world contexts (historical, political, and cultural), when joined to the game’s problematic instantiation of play, thus can be seen to lead to deep questions about the game’s cultural and subjective functions.
Universal Uses of Demonstratives: Evidence from Four Malayo-Polynesian Languages
Authors: Cleary-Kemp Jessica
Published: July 2012

Across the languages of the world, elements recognized as "demonstratives" perform a wide range of functions, including reference tracking, discourse deixis, and recognitional functions, as well as simple pointing in the immediate physical context. It has long been assumed that this last "situational" use is the most basic, and that all other uses of demonstratives are derived from it. However, the primacy of situational use has recently been questioned, and evidence has been presented that suggests the four abovementioned uses of demonstratives are pervasive in all languages, and are therefore equally basic. This article examines further evidence from four non-Oceanic Malayo-Polynesian languages. The data presented here tentatively support the theory that the above four uses of demonstratives are universal, but they also confirm that situational use should indeed be considered the basic use of demonstratives.
Conjunctive Reduction and its Origin: A Comparative Study of Tsou, Amis, and Squliq Atayal
Authors: Tsai Wei-Tien Dylan
Published: July 2012

This paper discusses the issue of how coordinate structures evolve into subordinate structures in both syntactic and semantic terms. I call this type of process "conjunctive reduction." It is well established in the literature on Chinese historical syntax that some modifier-head and verb-complement compounds actually derive from coordinate structures in Ancient Chinese. Based on this finding, I suggest that a similar process is also at work in Formosan languages, but on a quite different scale. That is, while Chinese encodes conjunctive reduction in compounding morphology, the same process involves full-fledged syntactic operations in Formosan languages. I propose that there are two general directions of conjunctive reduction. On the one hand, the coordinator may become a modifier marker, where the first conjunct becomes a marked adverbial; then the modifier marker may disappear completely, making the first conjunct an unmarked adverbial. I call this "adverbialization." On the other hand, the coordinator may become a complementizer, introducing either an infinitive complement or an adverbial adjunct such as a conditional or temporal clause. I take Squliq Atayal, Tsou, and Amis to represent the Northern, Tsouic, and Paiwanic groups respectively, which in turn points to the existence of a protolanguage with extensive coordinate construals along the line of Neo-Davidsonian semantics, very much like Ancient Chinese.
A Typologically Unusual Interrogative Word in Toqabaqita and Other Oceanic Languages
Authors: Lichtenberk Frantisek
Published: July 2012

In Toqabaqita and some other Oceanic languages the reflexes of Proto-Oceanic *sapa "what?, which?" are used to inquire about parts of whole and/or about kinship relations; for example, Toqabaqita tafa "which part of person's or animal's body?". While these interrogative functions may be unusual cross-linguistically outside of Oceanic, in Oceanic they follow naturally from a grammatical property of Proto-Oceanic, specifically the use of one type of attributive possessive construction to encode inalienable-possession relations.
Hubris, Language, and Oppression: Recreating Babel in Primo Levi’s If This Is a Man and the Midrash
Authors: HaKarmi Batnadiv
Published: July 2012

The essay explores Primo Levi’s description of the Buna tower in If This is a Man as his indirect Midrashic commentary on the Tower of Babel. It shows how the Midrash helps to bridge between the two texts, with Primo Levi’s memoir both drawing on and reinterpreting the Biblical story.
How Browning and Byatt Bring Back the Dead: “Mr. Sludge, the ‘Medium’” and “The Conjugial Angel”
Authors: Sturrock June
Published: July 2012

Just as Robert Browning repeatedly speaks through other voices in his poems, so does his admirer and critic A. S. Byatt in her fiction, ventriloquizing her characters’ poems, stories, letters, and even their academic work. Such writing as Browning’s and Byatt’s can be understood as mediumistic, a channeling of the voices of the dead or the imaginary. In turn both writers create mediums, Browning in “Mr. Sludge, the ‘Medium’” and Byatt in “The Conjugial Angel,” one of the two novellas set in Victorian England that form Angels and Insects . Like Browning’s Sludge, Byatt’s mediums, Sophy Sheekhy and Lilias Papagay, function as figures of the creative writer. Byatt has described Lilias as a “novelist manqué” and Sophy as poet-like. Sludge is critically acknowledged to be a figure of corruption in art, and through him Browning explores the narrative artist’s inevitable negotiations between truth, fiction, and lies. Sludge’s spiritualist activities are clearly aimed at the greater glory of Sludge. Byatt’s mediums, however, are genuinely involved with the mourners and the mourned in the liminal world in which they move. Lilias brings comfort to a bereaved mother, while Sophy transforms the life of Emily Tennyson Jesse, for this novella is based on the most famous case of protracted Victorian mourning, that for Arthur Henry Hallam, the subject of Alfred Tennyson’s In Memoriam A.H.H . Browning condemns his character by implication for Sludge’s wish that other people should “participate in Sludgehood.” Byatt represents Lilias and Sophy as intensely aware of others beside themselves. Thus both through their acts of ventriloquism and through their narratives and characters, Browning and Byatt demonstrate a shared anti-solipsistic aesthetic in texts involving the writer as medium. They turn in imagination to what is outside themselves and represent either negatively (through Sludge) or positively (through Sophy and Lilias) the value of such outward movement.
Anna Seward’s “Terrestrial Year”: Women, Poetry, and Science in Eighteenth-Century England
Authors: Barnard Teresa
Published: July 2012

The essay discusses the way in which the eighteenth-century writer Anna Seward created an interface between literature and science by challenging the theories of a renowned astronomer through her poetry. No matter what their level of interest, women in the eighteenth century had little recourse to an education in science. Seward’s education was literary, and she paid little attention to the sciences until she attended a lecture in Lichfield given by the astronomer, Robert Evans Lloyd. He illustrated his talk with an orrery. Joseph Wright’s painting, The Philosopher giving that lecture on the Orrery, in which a lamp is put in place of the Sun (1766), demonstrates the prevalent fascination with astronomy. After the lecture, Seward wrote a poem on the same subject, “The Terrestrial Year, passing through the signs of the Zodiac,” but not before she had interrogated Lloyd on his presentation of the juxtaposition of Earth and the constellations, publicly questioning his theories. Although her knowledge of astronomy was founded on references to the zodiac in the poems of Milton and Thomson, she engaged with further scientific research and was able to prove that Lloyd’s system was flawed. Her findings inspired her to write her poem which, despite its origins, has more reference to classical literature than to science. An interesting part of the poem, however, is the introductory ‘Proem’ which gives the scientific rationale for the work, tracing Seward’s challenge and her educational progress. Her proem leads us into the poem and leaves us in no doubt that Seward’s exploration of the complexities of the solar system finds new poetic ground through her quest for scientific knowledge.
Thinking Outside the Hermeneutic Circle: Mephistophelean Intertextuality in John Banville’s Mefisto
Authors: Levin Yael
Published: July 2012

Literary undertakings of the Faust legend have traditionally associated the fate of the overreacher with a thematized fragmentation. On the level of plot, Faust is torn limb from limb or threatened to be thus handled by a devilish cohort; stylistically, the tight drama that unfolds in the protagonist’s study spirals into a disjointed account of royal courts and sidekick pranks. In John Banville’s Mefisto this fragmentation is articulated in intertextual links that open up the text to a rich anteriority. Signification is consequently produced both horizontally and vertically, both inside and outside the novel. This paper traces the antecedents of the Faustian intertexts present in the novel and test the effects of such accumulation on the practice of hermeneutic deciphering. It shows that Banville’s intertextuality itself functions as a Mephistophilian figure, a playful abundance that creates an obstacle for interpretation. Such a stylized chaos does not allow for a teleological reshuffling or re-ordering of the text into a meaningful and cohesive pattern. The reader, then, is enjoined not to re-order the text but to performatively re-enact it, a creative process that will have us thinking not inside but outside the hermeneutic circle.
Walter Benjamin’s “The Task of the Translator”: Theory after the End of Theory
Authors: Kohlross Christian
Published: July 2012

If literary theory recently has undergone a fundamental change, the question arises: is it possible that the very nature of theory has itself changed? This paper argues that Walter Benjamin’s essay “The Task of the Translator” provides some strategies that allow us to take up this question. In order to make this clear, one must first bear in mind that Benjamin’s essay implies a new understanding of literary theory by stating that a general theory of understanding has to be designed by using the form of a translation theory that (in contrast to a simple translation) specifies the conditions that must be filled in order for the utterances of one’s own language to be seen as synonymous with those of a foreign language. Thus, like Donald Davidson after him, Benjamin had come to the conclusion that translation must be fused with the interpretational theory of translation in order to avoid infinite regresses. This, however, ultimately means that literary theory is — as pure or true language — the virtual goal, and not the precondition of any cognition that arises from the perspective of literary studies.
An Old Doctor Grows Older
Authors: Spiro Howard
Published: July 2012

An old man, I am convinced that aging is no disease, but a normal part of living, just like childhood. Society should provide for our inevitable decline rather than support research to postpone our dying. Retirement, now so arbitrary, defines when men and women are old, and so discards contributions from the elderly who want to work. As a physician, I am sure that many of us over 65 could help to assist the caregivers who have so little time. Ageism is part of the problem: medical students learn ageism in their early training, and that ageism is reinforced by later contact with the frail sick elderly who come to them for care. Aging—and death—have grown invisible to the young. But now that we elderly are so many and, thanks to good luck or the Creator's grace, so healthy and still so active, we need to exercise the power of our numbers. We have obtained many rights, like "early-bird suppers" and discounted bus tickets, but we need to talk more about our duties and even about our obligations to the young who will someday take our place.
Creativity in Biological Research
Authors: Maas Werner
Published: July 2012

During the past century, several biologists have studied the mental processes involved in creativity. In recent years psychologists have approached the subject experimentally. In one such study (), creativity has been shown to originate in the subconscious mind and to be transmitted to the conscious mind as a result of a decrease in latent inhibition, an ordinarily strong cognitive barrier between the conscious mind and the subconscious. In my scientific work I have found evidence for creativity in the design of experiments, in which the addition of apparently superfluous controls has led to important discoveries.
Music in the Fields: Constructing Narratives of the Late 19 th Century Hawaiian Plantation Cultural Landscape
Authors: Kingsbury Aaron
Published: July 2012

Musical lyrics can infuse semantic breath and cultural meaning to particular localities, helping to transform abstract environments into specific and definable places . Despite this, the literature of geography has been slow to conceptualize and systematically study musical lyrics as source material to decipher the social context for the production and consumption of music with any rigueur. To partially address this gap, this paper is theoretically underpinned first by more contemporary discourses on the “contested” nature intrinsic to cultural landscapes. Secondly, it draws on the small body of literature of music geography seeking to explore music as a means of exploring social-cultural contexts. Methodologically, this paper then employs discourse analysis to explore as case study the limited set of published lyrics of hole hole bushi , the music of Japanese plantation workers in late 19th century Hawai‘i. The imagined and constructed cultural landscapes of this immigrant group are extrapolated from their own lyrical narratives to show, in example, conceptual shifts in their constructions of “landscapes of desire” and “landscapes of despair.” Overall, this paper links the existing frameworks of cultural and music geography in applying musical lyrics as source material for teasing out historical narratives centered in the perception, construction, and interaction with the cultural landscapes of people in a highly contested place .
Orange Blossoms and Razor Wire: A Geographer’s Prison-teaching Memorate
Authors: Nemeth David
Published: July 2012

Geography graduate students intent on achieving tenure-track positions in academia might also consider diverse teaching opportunities, both full-time and part-time, beyond their expectations and even those outside their comfort zones. Biographies in geographic teaching reveal that not a few geography teachers willingly or reluctantly have joined the contingent workforce at one time or another, and yet have succeeded to achieve satisfying and ever-prosperous lifetime careers. Geographers do what they have to do in order to survive: they learn from their experiences, and their lessons learned help them to become better teachers. This paper is a memorate of my own unexpected part-time geography teaching experience during 1986 in a California Youth Authority (CYA) facility. My students were all wards of the State of California, incarcerated at the secured rural educational facility I introduce here as “Verdanta School.” I adopt a “memorate” style of self-narrative as appropriate to capturing the unusual essence of a semester-long paranormal experience. I have reduced that experience to “Ten Lessons Learned,” all of which later contributed to my career success in academia, and to my satisfaction with life.
Highland Forest Habitat Preference by Endemic Hawai‘ian Honeycreepers: A Preliminary Assessment
Authors: Steinberg Michael K.
Published: July 2012

This paper examines the use of degraded, “suburbanized”-type highland forests in east Hawai‘i (Hawai‘i Island) versus more pristine, protected forest found in Volcanoes National Park by two endemic honeycreeper species, the apapane ( Himatione sanguinea ) and the amakihi ( Hemignathus virens ). This research is important because east Hawai‘i is experiencing rapid and extensive forest clearance due to a boom in home construction that began five years ago and continues today. This forest clearance not only destroys or degrades forest ecosystems, but it also leads to the introduction of exotic, usually ornamental plant species where few existed previously. The habitat fragmentation that has resulted also appears to be creating edge/fragmented environments in which alien bird species thrive. If current development and deforestation trends continue, further increasing the impact of edge/fragmentation-related effects, breeding populations of the remaining once-common honeycreepers may be relegated to the few large protected areas in Hawai‘i such as Volcanoes National Park and other fragmented forest islands. If this occurs, these species will be much more susceptible to catastrophic population declines. It is critical, therefore, that public officials work to protect remaining stands of native forest through new zoning laws that recognize the importance and uniqueness of east Hawai‘i’s native forests and their wildlife inhabitants.
The Postulate of Immortality in Kant: To What Extent is it Culturally Conditioned?
Authors: Beach Edward A.
Published: July 2012

Kant's noncognitive argument based on practical reason claims that moral considerations alone suffice to justify the idea of personal immortality as a postulate. Some recent objections are considered here that have charged him with overstepping his own distinction between phenomenon and noumenon. After examining the arguments, Kant is exonerated of having violated his own principles. More troubling, however, is the peculiarity involved in postulating an infinite progression toward a goal whose attainment, by hypothesis, would undermine the very foundations of morality (which for Kant always requires the agonistic condition of struggling to improve one's lower nature). It is argued that this paradox necessitates a reexamination of some tacit cultural presuppositions underlying Kant's conception of the soul. Finally, an examination is made of the thought of Kitarō Nishida, whose Zen Buddhist–inspired dialectic of the basho (logical "place") provides an alternative perspective from which to reconsider the postulate of immortality. Nishida, like Kant, rigorously maintains the phenomenonnoumenon distinction, yet his examination of ethics leads him to postulate an eventual sublation of the "soul" principle. It is concluded that Kant's postulate of immortality, while plausible enough on its own terms, is limited by a Western cultural bias and therefore fails in the end to be compelling.
Conceptualizing Success in Doctoral Education: Perspectives of Faculty in Seven Disciplines
Authors: Gardner Susan K.
Published: July 2012

The term “success” in higher education has been used widely to describe multiple outcomes, practices, and variables. In doctoral education, in particular, the study of success is paramount as only 50% of those students who enter doctoral education actually complete the degree. The definition of success, however, remains elusive. This study explored the concept of success in doctoral education as expressed by faculty advisors in seven different disciplines. Findings highlighted differences between disciplinary cultures and between departments with high and low completion rates. Implications for policy, practice, and research are included.
Federal Policy and Supply-Side Institutional Resource Allocation at Public Research Universities
Authors: Slaughter Sheila
Published: July 2012

This article examines changes in federal student aid policy and
federal research and development policy over the past twenty years
and argues that policy changes in both arenas have converged on
Research I universities, making them exemplars of Reaganomics,
marked by privatization, deregulation, and commercialization.
Reviewing national revenue and expenditure trends in public
research universities shows changes that indicate privatization and
commercialization. Finally, the article looks at patterns of
institutional resource allocation to departments and connects these
patterns, which privilege departments close to the market, to
changes in federal policy.
The Common Experience of "Otherness": Ethnic and Racial Minority Faculty
Authors: Johnsrud Linda K , Sadao Kathleen C
Published: July 2012

This study identified the commonalities underlying the experiences
of ethnic and racial minority faculty members at a predominantly
white research university. Despite the heterogeneity of "minority"
faculty, their common experiences included: (a) the bicultural
stance they cultivated, (b) the ethnocentrism they perceived, and
(c) the discriminatory behavior they experienced. This paper
explores the usefulness of theories of race and ethnic relations in
aiding understanding of the common experiences of those
perceived as "other" by the dominant majority.
A Five-Year Study of Junior Faculty Expectations about Their Work
Authors: Crawford Lizabeth A , Olsen Deborah
Published: July 2012

This paper uses the "met expectations" framework to examine the
effect of post-graduate work experience on tenure acquisition.
Pre-tenure faculty with academic postdoctoral experience had
better time management skills, were clearer about work priorities,
and experienced less work stress than those without this
experience. Early work stress was, in turn, associated with lower
year-five job satisfaction and a greater likelihood of a negative
tenure review, suggesting some possible deficits in the preparation
of graduate students.
New scholarship on academic women: beyond "women's ways"
Authors: Twombly Susan B
Published: July 2012

Although the number of women academics has increased
worldwide, there is still ample evidence that the academy is a
patriarchal organization. This review examines four recent books on
academic women. Collectively, they suggest that new scholarship
on academic women is more international, reflects a postmodern
attention to difference and power, rejects "women's ways" feminism
as a sufficient response, and seeks to reclaim issues of power,
authority, and politics through attention to policy.
HBCs or PWIs? African American High School Students' Consideration of Higher Education Institution Types
Authors: Freeman Kassie
Published: July 2012

This study reports opinions from a cross-section of African American high school students from various cities, high school types, and family circumstances about their considerations of higher education institution type (HBCU or PWI). Exploring considerati
ons rather than final selection provides a more comprehensive, expansive view of these students' selection and college choice process. The findings suggest that type of high schools attended and cultural affinity are among the range of influences consider
ed.
Organizational Behavior at Colleges and Student Outcomes: A New Perspective on College Impact
Authors: Berger Joseph B. (Joseph Buryl)
Published: July 2012

This study explores the relationship between the types of organizational behavior found at eight private colleges and two student outcomes--humanistic values and community service involvement. The findings from the analysis suggest a grounded theory desc
ribing the relationship between organizational behavior and student outcomes.
Social Class and Belonging: Implications for College Adjustment
Authors: Ostrove Joan M , Long Susan M
Published: July 2012

This study addressed the extent to which social class position structures a sense of belonging at college, and the ways in which belonging informs adjustment to college. Among 322 liberal arts college students, social class background was significantly associated with a sense of belonging at college and was marginally related to academic performance but was not related to the quality of the experience they were having at college. Sense of belonging mediated the relationship between class background and adjustment to college.
Local Cosmopolitans and Cosmopolitan Locals: New Models of Professionals in the Academy
Authors: Rhoades Gary , Kiyama Judy Marquez , McCormick Rudy , Quiroz Marisol
Published: July 2012

This essay critically examines the centrality of mobility to the model of being a higher education professor or a student affairs professional. Using three narratives of lower-income Latino students about their educational and professional choices, we offer a reading based on Gouldner's classic conception of cosmopolitans and locals, and on Baez's more recent discussion of critical agency and race-related service. We suggest the value of a model that rebalances cosmopolitan engagement in the national profession with knowledge of and commitment to the local community and to social change.
Assessment, Knowledge, and Customer Service: Contextualizing Faculty Work at For-Profit Colleges and Universities
Authors: Lechuga Vicente M
Published: July 2012

As the labor market continues to demand more workers with postsecondary credentials, for-profit colleges and universities offer the training, degrees, and credentials that students seek to remain viable in an increasingly competitive job market. This study seeks to provide a new perspective on for-profit institutions by focusing on the roles and responsibilities of their most visible employees—faculty members. The author uses a cultural framework to explore the context in which faculty work takes place and also explores how the intersection between profit generation and educational quality affects faculty work both inside and outside of the classroom.
Sensibility as Epistemology in Caleb Williams, Waverley, and Frankenstein
Authors: Bour Isabelle
Published: July 2012

This essay argues that Caleb Williams (1794) by William Godwin, Waverley (1814) by Walter Scott, and Frankenstein (1818) by Mary Shelley should be read as end-of-sensibility novels in which the ethical-epistemological model of sensibility is shown to have become insufficient as an account of the human mind, yet at the same time acts as a ferment for a new representation of the psyche and of man as a social being. It analyzes the problematization of sympathy in those novels, and suggests that, through the disintegration of the paradigm of sensibility, they adumbrate the dynamics and thematics of the Bildungsroman.
The Death of a Chief : Watching for Adaptation; or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bard
Authors: Knowles Richard Paul
Published: July 2012

The Death of a Chief is an ongoing workshop, presenting an in-progress First Nations adaptation of Julius Caesar. This essay contains both an initial reaction to the workshop and later reflections upon that reaction, which together illustrate the need to examine one's own expectations when watching Shakespeare. Initially disappointed by Chief due to its familiar, 'straight' application of Caesar to problems of accountability in leadership, the author later reconsiders his position - the problems, he finds, are not the production's but his own. Having watched Chief with the expectation of a postcolonialist response to Shakespeare, the potential power for a marginalized community of drawing directly on the power of Shakespeare's language had gone unrecognised. That it is common for directors to cite Shakespeare's 'universality' does not negate the fact that for members of a marginalised or colonised group to do so is to lay claim to that universality. The culturally specific expectations of the non-Native 'Shakespearean' viewer failed to take into account the culturally specific uses of Shakespeare for exorcising certain historical demons by proxy. In turn, this has provoked a different kind of watching: not just looking out for the features of adaptation, but understanding specific cultural needs and dynamics distinct to a particular community at a particular moment.
From Close Reading to Close Watching: Watching Myself Watching Acting
Authors: Shand Skip
Published: July 2012

In this article, Shand proposes that a play's text is prescriptive but not restrictive by watching 'through the eyes of the actor'. He destabilises the notion of 'viewing theatre as a product' and encourages viewing theatre as a process by focussing as audience member on performance possibilities for Miranda from The Tempest , who is deemed a 'central yet marginalized character.' Shand offers Miranda's sleep as an example: the Miranda-actor could play this as a blissful or restless sleep, significantly altering the scene. This is also affected by directorial choices for example, during the introduction of Ferdinand; most productions omit Miranda from this scene, whereas John Hirsch removes her and Prospero temporarily, bringing her on later by sleepwalking. The article continues by discussing Miranda's silence, when Ferndinand laments over the shipwreck, and offers many possibilities surrounding her silence, which in turn, creates polarised interpretations of the character; she could either be played as a chaste, silent, oppressed character, or a self-confident, defiant one. Shand's approach offers an exciting, different way of watching that encourages an active and rewarding spectatorship.
Watching Ourselves Watching Shakespeare - Or - How Am I Supposed to Look?
Authors: Rutter Carol Chillington
Published: July 2012

This article reflects upon the practice of active watching and witnessing with 'new' eyes (and ears) experienced by the author as an audience member for the Münchner Kammerspiele Othello , directed as part of the RSC's 'Complete Works' year by Luk Perceval from an adaptation by the Turkish-born German scriptwriter/author, Feridun Zaimoglu, and his collaborator Günter Senkel. The essay's line of inquiry is particularly preoccupied with the relation of words - in this case, the shockingly abusive and violent German 'immigrant slang' Othello spoke in this production (where the Moor was 'Chocco' and Desdemona, 'cunt') - to performance, and the relation of the act of re-viewing a performance between words and watching. While the study also attends to the production's visual elements (set, costumes, and actors-as-characters), it is this new, 'charged' language that remains its focus, prompting questions as to how spectators view a text (in this case, one which may be read as a 'new' Othello , or even a new play altogether) and how, by extension, productions such as this 'wordless' Othello challenge the viewing position to which the RSC's audience is accustomed. Considering this position as one which oscillates between performing bodies and words, the article repeatedly questions how the audience of the production were 'supposed to look' (particularly at the racism and misogyny this production's contemporary demotic imposed on the play), ultimately leaving many of the questions surrounding the role of the spectator in "making" Shakespeare in this festival at the RSC largely unanswered.
Reading the Stage
Authors: Worthen William B.
Published: July 2012

Is the theatre a medium of textual exchange? This essay explores some of the foundational terms by which the New Criticism defined "performance" by defining the nature of "interpretation," particularly the forms of (finally illegitimate) interpretation assigned to actors. This orientation to the stage as a means of textual transmission surprisingly persists in a range of approaches to Shakespeare in performance, particularly where notions of the performance as a mode of "interpretation" are engaged.