bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Nutritional Services of Anganwadi Workers in Improving Nutritional Status of Infants in Delhi: A Study by Mixed Method Technique
Authors: Davey Sanjeev , Davey Anuradha , Adhish S Vivek , Bagga Rajni
Published: September 2019

Background

Despite the presence of integrated child development services (ICDS) program in rural area of Delhi, the real impact of nutritional services of ICDS program on nutritional status of infants is not very clear, therefore, studying this area may provide new insights in this field.

Materials and methods

This study was carried out from 1st January 2015 to 31st March 2015 (3 months). All children up to 1 year of age (in AWC 1 and 2 area of a one rural ICDS block) were examined for their nutritional status by weight for age criteria. The registered infants of both these Anganwadi centers (AWCs) and their mothers were simultaneously observed for all kind of nutritional services they received from Anganwadi workers (AWWs) by way of key informants interviews and this was further confirmed by applying secret customer technique.

Results

The prevalence of mild to moderate malnutrition among infants in both the AWC area (AWC 1 area—6 months to 1 year category—52.9%, AWC 2 area (from 0—6 months and 6 months—1 year—69.3%) was higher. The key feeding factors identified for such scenario were: Improper colostrums feeding, wrong age of initiation of semisolid feeding, exclusive breastfeeding not done for 6 months, etc. [especially for AWC 2 area (p < 0.05) and AWC 1 area (p > 0.05)] among the AWCs. These factors were further confirmed by poor efforts of both AWWs in providing nutritional services toward mother and infants.

Conclusion

Anganwadi workers need to focus on quality of nutritional services provided toward mothers of infants and this area needs regular monitoring and supervision from ICDS and health system meticulously.

How to cite this article

Davey S, Davey A, Adhish SV, Bagga R. Impact of Nutritional Services of Anganwadi Workers in Improving Nutritional Status of Infants in Delhi: A Study by Mixed Method Technique. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2015;3(2):57-64.
Code Blue Policy for a Tertiary Care Trauma Hospital in India
Authors: Bhoi Sanjeev , Sharma DK , Singh Sheetal , Sardana Sapna Ramani , Chauhan Sonia
Published: September 2019

“Code Blue” is generally used to indicate a patient requiring resuscitation or in need of immediate medical attention, most often as the result of a respiratory arrest or cardiac arrest. When called overhead, the page takes the form of “Code Blue, (floor), (room)” to alert the resuscitation team where to respond. Every hospital, as a part of its disaster plans, sets a policy to determine which units provide personnel for code coverage. In theory, any emergency medical professional may respond to a code, but in practice the team makeup is limited to those with advanced cardiac life support or other equivalent resuscitation training. Frequently, these teams are staffed by physicians (from anesthesia and internal medicine in larger medical centers or the emergency physician in smaller ones), respiratory therapists, pharmacists, and nurses. A code team leader will be a physician in attendance on any code team; this individual is responsible for directing the resuscitation effort and is said to “run the code”. This phrase was coined at Bethany Medical Center in Kansas City, Kansas. The term “code” by itself is commonly used by medical professionals as a slang term for this type of emergency, as in “calling a code” or describing a patient in arrest as “coding”.1

The purpose of this study is to make available policy with regard to Code Blue which can be followed in a tertiary care hospitals. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out between January and June 2015. The study population included doctors, nursing personnel, paramedical staff and quality managers of tertiary care hospital from public and private hospitals. Checklist was made after an exhaustive review of literature which was then improvised. The checklist was discussed in focused group discussion held on 1 June 2015, and suggestions were incorporated. Validation of the checklist was also done by experts in various private and public hospitals. Subsequently, interaction was done with study population against the backdrop of the checklist and Code Blue policy was formulated.

How to cite this article

Singh S, Sharma DK, Bhoi S, Sardana SR, Chauhan S. Code Blue Policy for a Tertiary Care Trauma Hospital in India. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2015;3(2):114-122.
Planning and Designing of Clinical Engineering Department in a Hospital
Authors: Singh Madhav Madhusudan , Patnaik Saroj Kumar , Srivastva Pradeep , Satia Harish K , Singh Mahavir
Published: September 2019

Biomedical/clinical engineering departments (CED) with expertise in engineering and technology management have a vital role to play in determining the potential for implementation and cost-effectiveness of new medical technologies through technology assessment. It provides planned preventive maintenance and repair facility in a state of optimum operational efficiency along with conducts training and research in clinical engineering. For a successful design, the workflow should be kept in mind in terms of its functional needs that are related to space. The clinical engineering and maintenance unit may consist of functional areas dependent on the operational policy and service demand. Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC), lighting and acoustic, electrical, fire planning should be done with deliberation and as per specification.

How to cite this article

Singh MM, Patnaik SK, Srivastva P, Satia HK, Singh M. Planning and Designing of Clinical Engineering Department in a Hospital. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2015;3(2):129-134.
Ammonia measurements from space with the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS): characteristics and applications
Authors: Shephard Mark , Dammers Enrico , Cady-Pereira Karen E. , Kharol Shailesh K. , Thompson Jesse , Gainariu-Matz Yonatan , Zhang Junhua , McLinden Chris A. , Kovachik Andrew , Moran Michael , Bittman Shabtai , Sioris Christopher , Griffin Debora , Alvarado Matthew J. , Lonsdale Chantelle , Savic-Jovcic Verica , Zheng Qiong
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Despite its clear importance, the monitoring of atmospheric ammonia, including its sources, sinks and links to the greater nitrogen cycle, remains limited. Satellite data are helping to fill the gap in monitoring from sporadic conventional ground and aircraft-based observations, to better inform policymakers, and assess the impact of any ammonia-related policies. Presented is a description and survey that demonstrate the capabilities of the CrIS ammonia product for monitoring, air quality forecast model evaluation, dry deposition estimates, and emissions estimates from an agricultural hotspot. For model evaluation, while there is a general agreement in the spatial allocation of known major agricultural ammonia hotspots across North America some high-latitude regions during peak forest fire activity often have ammonia concentrations approaching those in agricultural hotspots. The CrIS annual ammonia dry deposition in Canada (excluding Territories) and the U.S. have average and annual variability values of ~0.8 ± 0.08 Tg N year−1 and ~1.23 ± 0.09 Tg N year−1, respectively. These satellite derived dry depositions of reactive nitrogen from NH3 with NO2 show an annual ratio of NH3 compared to their sum (NH3 + NO2) of ~82 % and ~55 % in Canada and U.S., respectively. Furthermore, we show the use of CrIS satellite observations to estimated annual and seasonal emissions near Lethbridge, AB, Canada a region dominated by high emission feedlots also referred to as Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs); the satellite annual emission estimate of 37.1 ± 6.3 kt/yr is at least double the value reported in current bottom-up emission inventories for this region.
An Automated Method for Preparing and Calibrating Electrochemical Concentration Cell (ECC) Ozonesondes
Authors: Schmidlin Francis J. , Hoegger Bruno A.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. In contrast to the legacy manual method used to prepare, condition, and calibrate the Electrochemical Concentration Cell (ECC) ozonesonde an automated digital calibration bench similar to one developed by MeteoSwiss at Payerne, Switzerland was established at NASA's Wallops Flight Facility and providesreference measurements of the same ozone partial pressure as measured by the ECC. The purpose of an automated system is to condition and calibrate ECC cells before launching on a balloon. Operation of the digital calibration bench is simple and real-time graphs and summaries are available to the operator; all information is archived. The parameters of interest include ozone partial pressure, airflow, temperature, background current, response, and time (real and elapsed). ECC cells, prepared with 1.0 percent solution of potassium iodide (KI) and full buffer, show increasing partial pressure values when compared to the reference as partial pressures increase. Differences of approximately 5–6 percent are noted at 200 nb. Additional tests with different concentrations revealed the Science Pump Corp (SPC) 6A ECC with 0.5 percent KI solution and one-half buffer agreed closer to the reference than the 1.0 percent cells, this is in agreement with results of multi-sonde comparisons obtained during BESOS. The information gained from the automated system allowsa compilation of ECC cell characteristics, as well as calibrations. The digital calibration bench is recommended for ECC studies asit conserves resources.
Intercomparison of four methods to estimate coral calcification under various environmental conditions
Authors: Gómez Batista Miguel , Metian Marc , Oberhänsli François , Pouil Simon , Swarzenski Peter W. , Tambutté Eric , Gattuso Jean-Pierre , Alonso Hernández Carlos M. , Gazeau Frédéric
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Coral reefs are constructed by calcifiers that precipitate calcium carbonate to build their shells or skeletons through the process of calcification. Accurately assessing coral calcification rates is crucial to determine the health of these ecosystems and their response to major environmental changes such as ocean warming and acidification. Several approaches have been used to assess rates of coral calcification but there is a real need to compare these approaches in order to ascertain that high quality and intercomparable results can be produced. Here, we assessed four methods (total alkalinity anomaly, calcium anomaly, 45Ca incorporation and 13C incorporation) to determine coral calcification of the reef-building coral Stylophora pistillata. Given the importance of environmental conditions on this process, the study was performed under two pH (ambient and low level) and two light (light and dark) conditions. Under all conditions, calcification rates estimated using the alkalinity and calcium anomaly techniques as well as 45Ca incorporation were highly correlated. Such a strong correlation between the alkalinity anomaly and 45Ca incorporation techniques has not been observed in previous studies and most probably results from improvements described in the present paper. The only method which provided calcification rates significantly different from the other three techniques was 13C incorporation. Calcification rates based on this method were consistently higher than those measured using the other techniques. Although reasons for these discrepancies remain unclear, the use of this technique for assessing calcification rates in corals is not recommended without further investigations.
The HadCM3 contribution to PlioMIP phase 2
Authors: Hunter Stephen J. , Haywood Alan M. , Dolan Aisling M. , Tindall Julia C.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. We present the UK's input into the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (PlioMIP2) using the Hadley Centre Climate Model version 3 (HadCM3). The 400 ppm CO2 Pliocene experiment has a mean annual surface air temperature that is 2.9 ∘C warmer than the pre-industrial and a polar amplification of between 1.7 and 2.2 times the global mean warming. The Pliocene Research Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM4) enhanced Pliocene palaeogeography accounts for a warming of 1.4 ∘C, whilst the CO2 increase from 280 to 400 ppm leads to a further 1.5 ∘C of warming. Climate sensitivity is 3.5 ∘C for the pre-industrial and 2.9 ∘C for the Pliocene. Precipitation change between the pre-industrial and Pliocene is complex, with geographic and land surface changes primarily modifying the geographical extent of mean annual precipitation. Sea ice fraction and areal extent are reduced during the Pliocene, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere, although they persist through summer in both hemispheres. The Pliocene palaeogeography drives a more intense Pacific and Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). This intensification of AMOC is coincident with more widespread deep convection in the North Atlantic. We conclude by examining additional sensitivity experiments and confirm that the choice of total solar insolation (1361 vs. 1365 Wm−2) and orbital configuration (modern vs. 3.205 Ma) does not significantly influence the anomaly-type analysis in use by the Pliocene community.
Terrestrial methane emissions from Last Glacial Maximum to preindustrial
Authors: Kleinen Thomas , Mikolajewicz Uwe , Brovkin Victor
Published: September 2019

Abstract. We investigate the changes in terrestrial natural methane emissions between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and preindustrial (PI) by performing time-slice experiments with a methane-enabled version of MPI-ESM, the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Earth System Model. We consider all natural sources of methane except for emissions from wild animals and geological sources, i.e. emissions from wetlands, fires, and termites. Changes are dominated by changes in tropical wetland emissions, with mid-to-high latitude wetlands playing a secondary role, and all other natural sources being of minor importance. The emissions are determined by the interplay of vegetation productivity, a function of CO2 and temperature, source area size, affected by sea level and ice sheet extent, and the state of the West African Monsoon, with increased emissions from north Africa during strong monsoon phases. We show that it is possible to explain the difference in atmospheric methane between LGM and PI purely by changes in emissions. As emissions more than double between LGM and PI, changes in the atmospheric lifetime of CH4, as proposed in other studies, are not required.
Development of a new distributed hybrid seismic and electrical data acquisition station based on system-on-a-programmable-chip technology
Authors: Zhang Qisheng , Li Wenhao , Guo Feng , Yuan Zhenzhong , Qiao Shuaiqing , Zhang Qimao
Published: September 2019

Abstract. In the past few decades, with the continuous advancement of
technology, seismic and electrical instruments have developed rapidly. However,
complex and harsh exploration environments led to higher requirements and
severe challenges for traditional geophysical exploration methods and
instruments. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to develop new high-precision
exploration instruments and data acquisition systems. In this study, a new
distributed seismic and electrical hybrid acquisition station is developed using
system-on-a-programmable-chip (SoPC) technology. The acquisition station
hardware includes an analog board and a main control board. The analog board
uses a signal conditioning circuit and a 24-bit analog-to-digital converter
(ADS1271) to achieve high-precision data acquisition, while the main control
board uses a low-power SoPC to enable high-speed stable data
transmission. We designed the data transmission protocol for the acquisition
station and developed independently an improved low-voltage differential
signaling data transmission technology. What's more, a method to enhance the
precision of synchronous acquisition was studied in depth. These key
technologies, which were developed for the acquisition station, were
integrated into the SoPC of the main control board. Test results indicate
that the synchronization precision of the acquisition station is better than
200 ns, and the maximum low-power data transmission speed is 16 Mbps along a
55 m cable. The developed acquisition station has the advantages of low
noise, large dynamic range, low power consumption, etc., and it can achieve
high-precision hybrid acquisition of seismic and electrical data.
A radar reflectivity operator with ice-phase hydrometeors for variational data assimilation (version 1.0) and its evaluation with real radar data
Authors: Wang Shizhang , Liu Zhiquan
Published: September 2019

Abstract. A reflectivity forward operator and its associated
tangent linear and adjoint operators (together named RadarVar) were
developed for variational data assimilation (DA). RadarVar can analyze both
rainwater and ice-phase species (snow and graupel) by directly assimilating
radar reflectivity observations. The results of three-dimensional
variational (3D-Var) DA experiments with a 3 km grid mesh setting of the
Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model showed that RadarVar was
effective at producing an analysis of reflectivity pattern and intensity
similar to the observed data. Two to three outer loops with 50–100
iterations in each loop were needed to obtain a converged 3-D analysis of
reflectivity, rainwater, snow, and graupel, including the melting layers
with mixed-phase hydrometeors. It is shown that the deficiencies in the
analysis using this operator, caused by the poor quality of the background
fields and the use of the static background error covariance, can be
partially resolved by using radar-retrieved hydrometeors in a preprocessing
step and tuning the spatial correlation length scales of the background
errors. The direct radar reflectivity assimilation using RadarVar also
improved the short-term (2–5 h) precipitation forecasts compared to those
of the experiment without DA.
Combining analytical solutions of Boussinesq equation with the modified Kozeny–Carman equation for estimation of catchment-scale hydrogeological parameters
Authors: Gao Man , Chen Xi , Liu Jintao
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K), drainable porosity (f), and effective aquifer thickness (D) are essential hydrogeological parameters for hydrologic modelling and predicting. Streamflow recession analysis using analytical solutions of Boussinesq equation can yield estimated values for two of these three hydrogeological parameters when one is known a priori. In this study, we improved the inverse method for parameters estimation by combining the modified Kozeny–Carman equation with analytical solutions of Boussinesq equation to express the three hydrogeological parameters (K, f, and D) in relation to catchment characteristics and recession constants in a sloping aquifer. Here, the three parameters can be estimated simultaneously from streamflow recession analysis. Results of the estimated parameters are compared with the field measurements and the soil-texture based estimations in four small experimental catchments. It shows that our estimated values of these catchment-scale parameters can represent equivalent values in the measured aquifer profiles/sites. In hilly areas, the slope aquifer takes a vital effect on the estimates of K and f. Neglecting the sloping effect can lead to overestimation of K and underestimation of f in 1 ~ 2 orders of magnitude in the study catchments. However, even in the hilly catchments, the estimated aquifer thickness D is much greater than that from measurements on hillslopes while it approaches riparian thickness, indicating that the riparian zone takes a vital role on flow recession and the parameter estimations.
The Most Beautiful Painting in the World: the process as a narrative in Tàpies
Authors: Echarri Fernando , Ortiz-Echagüe Javier
Published: September 2019

The work of the artist Antoni Tàpies (1923-2012) has been widely studied from different disciplines, including his analytical and syncretic vision. This article tries to analyze one of its aesthetic keys: in particular, the conceptualization of its idea process, using the synthesis that appears in the graphic story "The most beautiful painting in the world" published by Ralph Herrmanns in 1970, in which Tàpies is represented as a character-artist. The study of this graphic story also allows us to advance in the study of some educational variables that can intervene in the teaching-learning processes of the arts, such as the artist's relationship with the educational intention that appears as a moral in the story-tale. In this moral of a fable, as a conclusion or educational synthesis, Tàpies tries to express his aesthetic thinking about the creative process, represented in his artistic work.
Mujeres artistas y precariedad laboral en España. Análisis y comparativa a partir de un estudio global
Authors: Pérez-Ibáñez Marta , López-Aparicio Pérez Isidro
Published: September 2019

Este artículo describe la actividad de las artistas españolas, partiendo de los resultados del estudio realizado por los autores a nivel nacional con datos aportados por más de 1.100 artistas, primer análisis en profundidad sobre el sector de los/las artistas plásticos y visuales en España, su actividad profesional y circunstancias económicas y laborales, su relación con los agentes del mercado del arte y la evolución histórica de las últimas décadas. Por primera vez en un estudio de estas características, se ha segmentado al colectivo de mujeres artistas, 52% del total, analizando sus circunstancias y comparándolas con los datos aportados por los hombres y con los resultados globales, y contextualizándolo dentro de la actual coyuntura económica. Así, junto a aspectos generales de la creación femenina en España y su relación con el mercado, aportamos datos inéditos sobre la precariedad y desigualdad en la que viven y trabajan las artistas españolas.
El artista residente en la escuela como agente de cambio en las estrategias de aprendizaje
Authors: París-Romia Gemma
Published: September 2019

El objetivo principal de esta investigación es mostrar las influencias que aporta un artista cuando realiza una residencia durante un curso en una escuela de educación primaria, en el proyecto Espacio C. En este programa el artista tiene un taller artístico dentro la escuela, el cual comparte y gestiona con los niños y niñas del centro. La investigación busca sugerir nuevas perspectivas en relación el aprendizaje a través del arte, analizando y haciendo visibles los cambios que la presencia del artista provoca en el aprendizaje de los niños y niñas, el cual deviene más autónomo, significativo y creativo. En la investigación hemos utilizado herramientas cualitativas, -básicamente observaciones de sesiones en el taller y entrevistas a los artistas, niños y niñas y maestras-, para obtener datos que hemos analizado y utilizado a través de métodos de Investigación Educativa basada en las Artes Visuales. Si queremos investigar y reflexionar sobre el impacto de crear vínculos entre escuela y arte, entendemos que debemos acercarnos a los temas educativos a través de la investigación artística. Para ello hemos elaborado una narrativa visual en formato Foto Ensayo que deseamos que ayude a repensar la distancia entre educación y arte, promoviendo proyectos y políticas que potencien un aprendizaje más creativo y singular. La obra Autobiography de Sol LeWitt (1980) sirve como referente artístico para nuestro Foto ensayo, usando la obra de LeWitt como metáfora de cómo el contacto permanente con una artista en un espacio creativo, desarrolla cambios disruptivos en el aprendizaje.
No Name
Authors: Walsh Aileen Marwung
Published: September 2019

“No name” is used to articulate the many ways colonists overnamed or renamed Aboriginal people. From the innocuous names of Tommy or Fanny to the ridiculous, the colonist treated the identity of the natives through their names with callousness or sheer disinterest.
Indigenous Beliefs About Little People
Authors: Roman Curtis
Published: September 2019

Indigenous people throughout Australia share stories about what they commonly refer to in Aboriginal English as “Little People.” They believe Little People are small people that can at times be seen by Indigenous people. This article shows that regardless of where Indigenous people are from in Australia, there are strong similarities in their stories and experiences of Little People and in their descriptions of Little People. The article shows that Indigenous people believe in the existence of Little People as contemporaneous beings and shows that they continue to have encounters with Little People today. If Indigenous people see them on their own traditional land, they see them as guardians of the land; if they are not on their traditional land, they see the presence of Little People as potentially frightening and hostile.
Bringing Her to the Front Page: An Analysis of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women's Representation in Canadian Media
Authors: Schnitzler Lisa
Published: September 2019

Despite the fact that over one hundred Indigenous women are missing in British Columbia, Indigenous women are rarely the subject of the front page of media outlets. This article discusses the discourses surrounding Indigenous women, specifically those living in Downtown Eastside in Vancouver, BC.
Popular Modernism in the Late Krazy Kat Comics: Industry and Innovation in the Color Sundays
Authors: Peppis Paul
Published: September 2019

This article reads George Herriman's celebrated Krazy Kat comic as an exemplar of popular modernism, a mass cultural product that works from inside a popular medium to make it new. Analyzing specific color comics Herriman produced between 1935 and his death in 1944, the article illuminates the range of techniques Herriman developed over the strip's final decade as he assimilated for the first time the color protocols of the Hearst newspaper syndicate and retooled his comic's layouts, narratives, and style in response. In time, Herriman articulated a late popular modernist aesthetics characterized by formalism, minimalism, and self-reflexivity.
Identificando práticas institucionalizadas na fala dos profissionais de agências de propaganda
Authors: Schuch Lucas Alves , Petermann Juliana
Published: September 2019

Neste artigo organizaremos os primeiros movimentos de aproximação em relação ao nosso objeto de pesquisa. Para isso, definimos como objetivo central analisar aspectos do mercado publicitário, a partir do conceito de campo (Bourdieu, 1989), contrapondo práticas institucionalizadas (Berger e Luckmann, 1985) a movimentos de revisão ou de manutenção frente a tais práticas. Partimos da análise do podcast Código Aberto, procurando identificar, na fala de profissionais que atuam em agências de propaganda, aspectos que revelem tensionamentos contemporâneos do campo da publicidade.
Novas eleições, novas estratégias? O HGPE dos candidatos à prefeitura de Curitiba em 2012 e 2016
Authors: Ferracioli Paulo , Sbaraini Fontes Giulia
Published: September 2019

O objetivo do artigo é verificar como os candidatos à prefeitura de Curitiba Rafael Greca e Gustavo Fruet fizeram uso da propaganda eleitoral no primeiro turno da campanha de 2016, em comparação com o pleito anterior. Com esse intuito, foram utilizados dados codificados por meio da Análise de Conteúdo a partir dos programas de televisão do Horário Gratuito de Propaganda Eleitoral (HGPE). Três hipóteses são testadas: 1) a de que o candidato à reeleição Fruet passou a utilizar predominantemente as estratégias de mandatário em 2016; 2) a de que Greca não fez grandes mudanças por continuar sendo desafiante e; 3) a de que o tema econômico apareceria com mais frequência em 2016. Os resultados, entretanto, apontaram para a confirmação parcial da H1 – já que, para algumas variáveis típicas de mandatário, Fruet apresentou queda entre uma eleição e outra – e para a não confirmação da H2 - já que Greca apresentou mudanças na sua estratégia - e da H3 – já que a variável econômica apareceu de forma tímida em 2016, e somente na campanha de Fruet.
Manual Acoustic Tracking Reveals the Spatial Ecology of Giant Trevally at a Remote South Pacific Atoll, with Implications for Their Management
Authors: Filous Alexander , Lennox Robert J. , Danylchuk Andy J. , M. Friedlander Alan
Published: September 2019

Giant trevally (Caranx ignobilis) are important predators on the reefs of the tropical Indo-Pacific and research into their spatial ecology is needed to improve our understanding of their behavior and assist fisheries management. We used active acoustic telemetry to describe the fine-scale movements of giant trevally at Tetiaroa Atoll, including their home range, site fidelity, habitat use and spatial overlap with a small (21 km2) Marine Protected Area (MPA). The home ranges of giant trevally were small but varied among individuals (Minimum Convex Polygon 𝑋𝑋 = 3.2 ± 2.5 km2). All giant trevally exhibited site fidelity to their respective home ranges with a 31% average overlap in daily space use, but there was limited overlap in home ranges among individuals, with intra-individual spatial overlap significantly greater than inter-individual overlap (t = -4.93, df = 16.87, p-value = <0.001). There was only modest overlap (19 ± 19%) of giant trevally home ranges within the MPA and high spatial overlap of home ranges with deep lagoon habitats (90 ± 0.09 %). Our results indicate that MPAs could be an effective tool for the conservation of this species if they are implemented on an atoll-wide scale. However, in the case of managing recreational catch-and-release fisheries, rotational smallscale temporal closures could be effective in regulating the angling pressure imposed upon giant trevally, provided post-release mortality is minimized. The results of this study provide the first detailed account of habitat use in this species and highlight the need for additional research on the factors contributing to the survival of caught-and-released giant trevally in predator dominated atolls, especially as their popularity as a target of recreational fisheries continues to grow, and fishing operations and agencies are faced with the need to manage their fisheries.
Foundling and Abandoned Children in Palestine
Authors: Banat Bassam Yousef Ibrahim , Shqair Sameer , Andon Iskandar
Published: September 2019

The study addressed foundling and abandoned children in the Palestinian society as a multi-dimensional phenomenon. The study consisted of a retrospective transversal survey of one hundred and fifteen abandoned children, and ninety-two abandoning mothers purposefully selected from the records of Crèche Institution in Bethlehem, West Bank. The findings indicated that the ratio of foundling and abandoned children in the Palestinian society is very low comparison with international figures. The study concludes that child abandonment in the Palestinian society is a risk factor, and that under-reporting of offences, especially incest is widespread in the Palestinian patriarchal society.
Acute Kidney Injury in Term Babies with Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
Authors: Sheta Mohamed M. , Al-Khalafawi Abeer I. , Raza Syed M. , Gad Suzan S. , Hesham Mervat A.
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in term neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), to identify the probable risk factors, and to find its relation to mortality.

METHODS: The study recruited 758 term neonates admitted to the neonatal ICU (NICU). Diagnosis of PPHN was established on the basis of clinical and echocardiographic criteria. For diagnosis of AKI, we adopted the modified Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) AKI definition. This definition has three grades of AKI severity depending on degree of serum creatinine rise and urinary output. Patients were followed until they died or discharged from NICU.

RESULTS: Among the 758 term neonates included in the study, there were 47 babies (6.2 %) fulfilling the criteria of PPHN. AKI was reported in 16 patients (34.0 %) and the reported mortality rate was 31.9 %. Neonates with AKI had significantly higher mortality rate when compared with patients without AKI (75.0 % versus 9.7 %; p = 0.0001). A significant association was noted between severe grades of PPHN and AKI.

CONCLUSIONS: AKI is prevalent in neonates with PPHN. It is significantly associated with mortality. There is suggested link between AKI and severity of PPHN.
Is HIV Self-Testing a Potential Answer to the Low Uptake of HIV Testing Services Among Men in Rwanda? Perspectives of Men Attending Tertiary Institutions and Kimisagara Youth Centre in Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: Dzinamarira Tafadzwa , Pierre Gashema , Rujeni Nadine
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Rwanda has generally experienced low uptake of HIV testing services among men. However, the reasons behind this have not been researched. The main aim of this study was to explore whether HIV self-testing (HIVST) would have the capacity to improve uptake of HIV testing services among men in Rwanda.

METHODS: We conducted a qualitative study of 22 men attending tertiary institutions and the Kimisagara Youth Centre in Kigali, Rwanda. Data collection was conducted through open interviews. Data analysis was conducted through thematic content analysis.

RESULTS: Our findings revealed that most men had poor knowledge of HIVST, but the majority were willing to adopt it. Four main themes emerged during data analysis. Theme one indicated that men experienced a lack of sufficient information on HIVST. From theme two, it was uncovered that some men were indifferent to HIVST. From theme three, it emerged that most men perceived the cost as the main barrier to HIVST; however, if it was offered free of charge, they were willing to adopt it. Finally, theme four revealed that most men willing to adopt HIVST were concerned about the potential social harm and possible adverse events associated with HIVST.
Modification of the Bio-Rad iQ-Check Listeria spp. Kit for the Detection of Listeria Species in Environmental Surfaces
Authors: Klass Nicole , Bastin Benjamin , Crowley Erin , Agin James , Clark Mike , Tourniaire Jean-Philippe , Pierre Sophie , Quiring Christophe , Chen Yi , Ryser Elliot , Salfinger Yvonne
Published: September 2019

Background: The Bio-Rad iQ-Check Listeria spp. Kit uses real-time PCR technology for detection of Listeria species in select food matrixes and environmental surfaces. Objective: The iQ-Check Listeria spp. method was modified to reduce the enrichment medium volume for environmental sponges from 225 and 100 to 60 mL and to reduce the enrichment time for sponges and swabs from 25 ± 1 to as short as 18 h. The modified method was validated with stainless steel, polystyrene plastic, and sealed concrete using sponges or swabs with two different neutralizing buffers (Letheen Broth and HiCap™ Neutralizing Broth). In addition, the Bio-Rad Free DNA Removal Solution was used for all environmental samples. Methods: The iQ-Check Listeria spp. modified method was compared with the reference culture method in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook Chapter 8.10 using an unpaired study design. Results: In the method comparison study, the iQ-Check Listeria spp. modified method demonstrated no statistical difference in performance between candidate and reference method results or between presumptive and confirmed results for all environmental surfaces analyzed using HiCap Neutralizing Broth (World Bioproducts LLC) and Letheen broth. Conclusions: The modified iQ-Check Listeria spp. method is an effective method for the detection of Listeria species in environmental surfaces using both types of neutralizing buffer. Highlights: The method modification was granted based on the data collected.
Práticas ambientais adotadas por microempreendedores da rede de oficinas automotivas no município de Corrente/PI
Authors: Lustosa Priscila Souza , Rocha Israel Lobato , Iwata Bruna de Freitas
Published: September 2019

O município de Corrente/PI, conta com oficinas mecânicas que prestam serviços de conserto e manutenção de automóveis a fim de estender a sua vida útil, atividades como essas geram elementos poluentes e consequentes impactos negativos ao ambiente e à saúde pública. Em vista disso, o presente estudo propôs-se a verificar a existência de práticas ambientais adotadas pelos microempreendedores do setor de oficina mecânica de reparo automotivo no município de Corrente/PI. Para tanto foram utilizados os métodos de pesquisa bibliográfica, como suporte inicial para posterior aplicação de um questionário estruturado e semiestruturado, composto por onze perguntas. Dezoito oficinas de reparo automotivo participaram da pesquisa, dentre os resultados: 94,4% adotam práticas ambientais; 55,6% dos respondentes não possuem conhecimento sobre a legislação ambiental; 88,8% não adotam um Sistema de Gestão Ambiental. Considerando os objetivos propostos, pôde-se verificar a existência de práticas ambientais nas oficinas ainda que voltadas principalmente para a organização e limpeza local, o que já evidencia um bom começo na busca pela adequação dessas oficinas, apresentando os resultados satisfatórios que podem ser obtidos através das boas práticas ambientais, apontando ainda, formas de reduzir a geração dos resíduos e valorar os resíduos recicláveis.
Biossorção de metais pesados pela casca de ovo de galinhas poedeiras
Authors: Moreira Débora Astoni , Souza José Antonio Rodrigues de , Silva Éllen Lemes , Gonçalves Janine Mesquita , Rezende Diego César Veloso , Oliveira Walisson Marques , Ribeiro Wesley Anderson Siqueira , Rezende João Gabriel Felismino
Published: September 2019

A remoção de íons metálicos é uma tarefa difícil devido ao elevado custo dos métodos de tratamento, o que tem contribuído para a intensificação de pesquisa por materiais adsorventes alternativos de baixo custo e que podem ser reutilizáveis, tendo seu valor agregado ao processo de adsorção. Assim, com este trabalho objetivou-se estudar o potencial de utilização da casca de ovo como biossorvente alternativo para remoção de íons metálicos em águas residuárias. Especificamente determinou-se as isotermas de adsorção para os íons metálicos cobre (II), cromo (III), níquel (II) e zinco (II), utilizando-se os modelos de Langmuir e Freundlich. Para a realização dos estudos, soluções contendo íons metálicos em diversas concentrações foram adicionadas a cascas de ovos de galinhas poedeiras, mantidas sob agitação orbital por 24 horas a 25ºC e, posteriormente filtradas para determinação, em espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica, a concentração de equilíbrio dos íons. De acordo com os resultados, conclui-se que tanto o modelo de Langmuir quanto o modelo de Freundlich descreveram adequadamente a adsorção dos íons cobre, cromo, níquel e zinco pela casca de ovo moída; a capacidade máxima de adsorção para os íons de cobre zinco, níquel e cromo, foi de 25,4291; 6,7354; 9,7928 e 6,7283 mg g-1, respectivamente; a sequência de afinidade na adsorção dos íons metálicos foi Cu>Ni>Zn @Cr; a casca de ovo apresentou potencial para a remoção dos íons metálicos, podendo ser utilizada em sistemas de tratamento de efluentes.
Estimativa da valoração ambiental de um parque eólico no semiárido paraibano
Authors: Firmino Lílian de Queiroz , Silva Viviane Farias , Cavalcanti Andréa Karla Gouveia , Lacerda Gleyton Lopes Barboza , Sobral André , Pessoa Dihego Souza , Lima Vera Lucia Antunes de
Published: September 2019

Os parques eólicos no Brasil surgem como uma nova fonte de energia renovável e limpa, o que aumenta a matriz energética e diversifica os meios de produção de energia no país. A valoração ambiental é um método de mensuração de ativos ambientais, o qual se baseia em avaliar as mudanças ocorridas nos bens naturais em todo o processo de implantação de um projeto ou empreendimento. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo tem como objetivo estimar a valoração ambiental de um parque eólico no Semiárido Paraibano. A mensuração foi feita pela metodologia da Valoração de uma Área Ambiental, devido à facilidade de compreensão e praticidade na aplicação. A partir dos resultados obtidos enfatiza-se que os valores médios de importância dos fatores ambientais variaram entre 2 e 3,5 e que o valor do passivo ambiental da área foi igual de - R$ 483.719,55 (quatrocentos e oitenta e três mil e setecentos e dezenove reais e cinquenta e cinco centavos). A área apresenta valor ambiental negativo, devido os impactos ambientais negativos previstos na área.
Human motor fatigability as evoked by repetitive movements results from a gradual breakdown of surround inhibition
Authors: Bächinger Marc , Lehner Rea , Thomas Felix , Hanimann Samira , Balsters Joshua , Wenderoth Nicole
Published: September 2019

Motor fatigability emerges when demanding tasks are executed over an extended period of time. Here, we used repetitive low-force movements that cause a gradual reduction in movement speed (or ‘motor slowing’) to study the central component of fatigability in healthy adults. We show that motor slowing is associated with a gradual increase of net excitability in the motor network and, specifically, in primary motor cortex (M1), which results from overall disinhibition. Importantly, we link performance decrements to a breakdown of surround inhibition in M1, which is associated with high coactivation of antagonistic muscle groups. This is consistent with the model that a loss of inhibitory control might broaden the tuning of population vectors such that movement patterns become more variable, ill-timed and effortful. We propose that the release of inhibition in M1 is an important mechanism underpinning motor fatigability and, potentially, also pathological fatigue as frequently observed in patients with brain disorders.
Searching for phylogenetic patterns of Symbiodiniaceae community structure among Indo-Pacific Merulinidae corals
Authors: Leveque Sébastien , Afiq-Rosli Lutfi , Ip Yin Cheong Aden , Jain Sudhanshi S. , Huang Danwei
Published: September 2019

Over half of all extant stony corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia) harbour endosymbiotic dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae, forming the foundational species of modern shallow reefs. However, whether these associations are conserved on the coral phylogeny remains unknown. Here we aim to characterise Symbiodiniaceae communities in eight closely-related species in the genera Merulina, Goniastrea and Scapophyllia, and determine if the variation in endosymbiont community structure can be explained by the phylogenetic relatedness among hosts. We perform DNA metabarcoding of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 using Symbiodiniaceae-specific primers on 30 coral colonies to recover three major endosymbiont clades represented by 23 distinct types. In agreement with previous studies on Southeast Asian corals, we find an abundance of Cladocopium and Durusdinium, but also detect Symbiodinium types in three of the eight coral host species. Interestingly, differences in endosymbiont community structure are dominated by host variation at the intraspecific level, rather than interspecific, intergeneric or among-clade levels, indicating a lack of phylogenetic constraint in the coral-endosymbiont association among host species. Furthermore, the limited geographic sampling of four localities spanning the Western and Central Indo-Pacific preliminarily hints at large-scale spatial structuring of Symbiodiniaceae communities. More extensive collections of corals from various regions and environments will help us better understand the specificity of the coral-endosymbiont relationship.
Customer Loyalty and its Antecedents in Banking Service Rendering Context
Authors: Milan Gabriel Sperandio , Eberle Luciene , De Toni Deonir , Olea Pelayo Munhoz , Bebber Suélen
Published: September 2019

In this research, customer loyalty was analyzed in the context of existing relationships between banking service providers and its customers. Therefore, a theoretical model was proposed and tested with banking service natural person customers taking into account perceived value, service provider reputation, trust, bonding tactics (financial, social and structural), and switching costs as customer loyalty antecedents. A multivariate statistical approach with structural equations modeling was used in a 1.026 customer sample of three major banks in Brazil. The results evidenced in the present research could serve as benchmarking for other researchers or managers connected to the financial service sector (or bank service) when looking for a better understanding of the antecedents of customer loyalty, adapting strategies and actions to stimulate and generate better market and economic-financial results for the institutions of this sector.
Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (Glomus mossae) and Compost on Early Growth Performance of Parkia biglobosa
Authors: Olayiwola V. A. , Abiodun F. O.
Published: September 2019

One of the biggest challenges to sustainable global food security is the need to find suitable replacements for inorganic fertilizer. This is because inorganic fertilizers production consumes an increasing proportion of the global energy budget and the supply of key raw materials, primarily phosphorus is becoming more limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi, AMF (Glomus mossae) and compost on soil properties and early growth response of Parkia biglobosa. The experiment was set up at the screen house of the Department of Bioscience, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria. The experimental design was a 2 x 5 factorial, laid in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replicates. The treatments used were compost at five (5) levels: 10t/ha, 20t/ha, 30t/ha, 40t/ha, no amendments; and two (2) levels of AMF inoculation (with and without). Data on plant height, number of leaves, collar diameter and dry matter yields were generated and subjected to analysis of variance, and significant means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at 5% level of significance. The result shows that mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased (p< 0.05) plant height, stem diameter and leave numbers when compared with the non-mycorrhizal plants. There was no variation in number of leaves and height among the inoculated treatments as compared with the un-inoculated treatments which are significantly different from each other at -AMF 0 and –AMF 10 respectively. Interaction of AMF and compost at 40 t ha-1 had the highest plant height with a value of 35.06 cm. Application of 40 t ha-1 of compost with inoculation significantly increased (p< 0.05) the root dry matter yields while no significant differences were observed in leaves and stem dry matter yield for both inoculated and un-inoculated. The analysis of the soil before and after the experiments could also be comparable to one another as no variation was observed. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that AMF can successfully be inoculated into compost amended soil to improve the performance of Parkia biglobosa.