bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Emergency Department Visits for Electric Rental Scooters Using Detailed Ridership Data
Authors: Williams Chelsea , Bitter Cindy , Lorber Steven , Overfelt Caleb , Zehfus Holly , Spangler Andrea , Lew Valerie , Lewis Lawrence , Naunheim Rosanne
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Electric scooter (e-scooter) rental usage has increased exponentially around the country, expanding to more than 120 cities by the end of 2018. Early attempts to capture the safety effects of widespread adoption of this technology have been hampered by lack of accurate ridership data. Here we describe a 17-month evolution of ridership characteristics in St. Louis, Missouri, and the frequency of e-scooter rental-related injuries serious enough to require an emergency department (ED) visit over this time frame; we also provide estimates of incidence rates of injuries based on company ridership data.

Methods: We performed a combination retrospective chart review and prospective questionnaire-based analysis of adult e-scooter rental-related ED visits in both downtown St. Louis Level 1 trauma centers during the first 17 months of e-scooter rental usage (August 2018-December 2019). The retrospective portion focused on demographics, alcohol use, helmet use, disposition, operative repair, and temporal and severity markers. The prospective portion focused on more detailed crash and rider data. Finally, we used ridership data from both e-scooter rental companies in St. Louis to estimate incidence and temporal trends.

Results: A total of 221 patients had e-scooter rental-related ED visits. The median age of our population was 31 years with 58.8% male and 53.8% White. There were no deaths. Ninety-two patients were found to have fractures with 38% requiring surgery. Of the 21 patients diagnosed with head injury, five had an intracranial bleed. Overall incidence of ED visits related to e-scooters was 2.1 per 10,000 trips and 2.2 per 10,000 miles with the number of ED visits by month closely correlated with the number of rides per month (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.95).

Conclusion: The number of e-scooter rental-related injuries seen in St. Louis trauma centers was relatively low and correlated closely with overall number of rides. The number of injuries decreased and were less severe from 2018 to 2019 with infrequent intracranial injuries and a large percentage of fractures requiring operative repair.
Development and Validation of a Novel Triage Tool for Predicting Cardiac Arrest in the Emergency Department
Authors: Tsai Chu-Lin , Lu Tsung-Chien , Fang Cheng-Chung , Wang Chih-Hung , Lin Jia-You , Chen Wen-Jone , Huang Chien-Hua
Published: March 2022

Background: Early recognition and prevention of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) have played an increasingly important role in the chain of survival. However, clinical tools for predicting IHCA are scarce, particularly in the emergency department (ED). We sought to estimate the incidence of ED-based IHCA and to develop and validate a novel triage tool, the Emergency Department In-hospital Cardiac Arrest Score (EDICAS), for predicting ED-based IHCA.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study we used electronic clinical warehouse data from a tertiary medical center with approximately 100,000 ED visits per year. We extracted data from 733,398 ED visits over a seven-year period. We selected one ED visit per person and excluded out-of-hospital cardiac arrest or children. Patient demographics and computerized triage information were included as potential predictors.

Results: A total of 325,502 adult ED patients were included. Of these patients, 623 (0.2%) developed ED-based IHCA. The EDICAS, which includes age and arrival mode and categorizes vital signs with simple cut-offs, showed excellent discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic [AUROC] curve, 0.87) and maintained its discriminatory ability (AUROC, 0.86) in cross-validation. Previously developed early warning scores showed lower AUROC (0.77 for the Modified Early Warning Score and 0.83 for the National Early Warning Score) when applied to our ED population.

Conclusion: In-hospital cardiac arrest in the ED is relatively uncommon. We developed and internally validated a novel tool for predicting imminent IHCA in the ED. Future studies are warranted to determine whether this tool could gain lead time to identify high-risk patients and potentially reduce ED-based IHCA.
Prehospital Translation of Chest Pain Tools (RESCUE Study): Completion Rate and Inter-rater Reliability
Authors: Snavely Anna , Mahler Simon , Hendley Nella , Ashburn Nicklaus , Hehl Brian , Vorrie Jordan , Wells Matthew , Nelson R. Darrel , Miller Chadwick , Stopyra Jason
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Chest pain is a common reason for ambulance transport. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and pulmonary embolism (PE) risk assessments, such as history, electrocardiogram, age, risk factors (HEAR); Emergency Department Assessment of Chest Pain Score (EDACS); Pulmonary Embolism Rule-out Criteria (PERC); and revised Geneva score, are well validated for emergency department (ED) use but have not been translated to the prehospital setting. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the 1) prehospital completion rate and 2) inter-rater reliability of chest pain risk assessments.

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational cohort study in two emergency medical services (EMS) agencies (April 18, 2018 – January 2, 2019). Adults with acute, non-traumatic chest pain without ST-elevation myocardial infarction or unstable vital signs were accrued. Paramedics were trained to use the HEAR, EDACS, PERC, and revised Geneva score assessments. A subset of patients (a priori goal of N = 250) also had the four risk assessments completed by their treating clinicians in the ED, who were blinded to the EMS risk assessments. Outcomes were 1) risk assessments completion rate and 2) inter-rater reliability between EMS and ED assessments. An a priori goal for completion rate was set as >75%. We computed kappa with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each risk assessment as a measure of inter-rater reliability. Acceptable agreement was defined a priori as kappa ≥ 0.60.

Results: During the study period, 837 patients with acute chest pain were accrued. The median age was 54 years, interquartile range 43-66, with 53% female and 51% Black. Completion rates for each risk assessment were above goal: the HEAR score was completed on 95.1% (796/837), EDACS on 92.0% (770/837), PERC on 89.4% (748/837), and revised Geneva score on 90.7% (759/837) of patients. We assessed agreement in a subgroup of 260 patients. The HEAR score had a kappa of 0.51 (95% CI, 0.41- 0.61); EDACS was 0.60 (95% CI, 0.49-0.72); PERC was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.61-0.81); and revised Geneva score was 0.51 (95% CI, 0.39-0.62).

Conclusion: The completion rate of risk assessments for ACS and PE was high for prehospital field personnel. The PERC and EDACS both demonstrated acceptable agreement between paramedics and clinicians in the ED, although assessments with better agreement are likely needed.
Association of Emergency Department Payer Mix with ED Receipt of Telehealth Services: An Observational Analysis
Authors: Zachrison Kori , Samuels-Kalow Margaret , Boggs Krislyn , Li Sijia , Hayden Emily , Camargo Carlos
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Telehealth is commonly used to connect emergency department (ED) patients with specialists or resources required for their care. Its infrastructure requires substantial upfront and ongoing investment from an ED or hospital and may be more difficult to implement in lower-resourced settings. Our aim was to examine for an association between ED payer mix and receipt of telehealth services.

Methods: Using data from the National Emergency Department Inventory (NEDI)-USA 2016 survey, we categorized EDs based on receipt of telehealth services (yes/no). The NEDI-USA data for EDs in New York state was linked with data from state ED datasets (SEDD) and state inpatient data (SID) to determine EDs’ payer mix (percent self-pay or Medicaid). Other ED characteristics of interest were rural location, academic status, and annual ED visit volume. We compared EDs with and without telehealth receipt, and used a logistic regression model to examine the relationship between ED payer mix and telehealth receipt after accounting for other ED characteristics.

Results: Of the 162 New York EDs in the SEDD-SID dataset, 160 (99%) were linked to the NEDI-USA dataset and 133 of those responded (83%) to the survey. Telehealth receipt was reported by 48 EDs (36%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 28-44%). Emergency departments with and without telehealth receipt were similar (all P >0.40) with respect to rurality (6% vs 9%, respectively), academic status (13% vs 8%), and annual volume (median 36,728 vs 43,000). By contrast, median percent of Medicaid or self-pay patients was lower in telehealth EDs (36%) vs non-telehealth EDs (45%, P = 0.02). In adjusted analysis, increasing proportion of Medicaid and self-pay patients was associated with decreased odds of telehealth receipt (odds ratio 0.87 per 5% increase; 95% CI, 0.77-0.99). Rural location, academic status, and ED volume were not significantly associated with odds of ED telehealth receipt in the adjusted model.

Conclusion: Among EDs in the state of New York, increasing proportion of self-pay and Medicaid patients was associated with decreased odds of ED telehealth receipt, even after accounting for rural location, academic status, and ED volume. The findings support the need for additional infrastructural investment in EDs serving a greater proportion of disadvantaged patients to ensure equitable access.
COP26 and Health: Some Progress, But Too Slow and Not Enough
Authors: Laybourn-Langton Laurie , Smith Richard
Published: March 2022

N/A
β-carotene Has the Neuroprotective Effects in Parkinson's Disease by Regulating Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway Genes
Authors: Jamali Behdokht , Entezari Maliheh , Babaei Nahid , Hashemi Mehrdad , Heidari Mansoor
Published: March 2022

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases that cause disability. Finding treatment options that have no side effects can be very important. Objectives: Therefore, in this study, the effect of β-carotene administration was investigated in the PD model of rats. Methods: Induction of Parkinson's disease in rats was done by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the substantia nigra (SN). After induction rat behaviour was studied using an apomorphine-induced rotation test. The SN cells' viability was evaluated by MTT assay and apoptosis and necrosis were measured by flow cytometry. The expressions of bax and bcl-2 genes were also studied using RT-PCR technique. Data analysis was done by GraphPad Prism V.8 software. Results: The results showed a positive effect of β-carotene administration in PD rats, which led to improvement in apomorphine-induced rotation test, increased viability, and decreased apoptosis and necrosis of SN neurons. It also downregulated bax and overexpressed bcl-2 gene expressions (P < 0.01). Conclusions: β-carotene has therapeutic effects in PD conditions and its mechanism of action was attributed to regulating the expressions of genes involved in mitochondrial apoptosis. Therefore, its study in a clinical setting is recommended.
Extending Deep Rhythm for Tempo and Genre Estimation Using Complex Convolutions, Multitask Learning and Multi-input Network
Authors: Foroughmand Aarabi Hadrien , Peeters Geoffroy
Published: March 2022

Tempo and genre are two inter-leaved aspects of music, genres are often associated to rhythm patterns which are played in specific tempo ranges.In this paper, we focus on the Deep Rhythm system based on a harmonic representation of rhythm used as an input to a convolutional neural network.To consider the relationships between frequency bands, we process complex-valued inputs through complex-convolutions.We also study the joint estimation of tempo/genre using a multitask learning approach. Finally, we study the addition of a second input convolutional branch to the system applied to a mel-spectrogram input dedicated to the timbre.This multi-input approach allows to improve the performances for tempo and genre estimation.
Possibilities and limitations of cities' intellectual capital management
Authors: Krstić Bojan , Jovanović Milica , Rađenović Tamara
Published: March 2022

Intellectual capital, as the most important resource in the knowledge economy, is becoming a key factor which enables obtaining and sustaining the competitive advantage. This applies not only to companies, but also to the level of cities, countries and regions. Cities that recognize that intangible assets are a key factor in future growth and development can be labelled as "smart cities". These cities take advantage of digitalization, apply innovation, and manage intellectual capital in order to preserve and further develop it. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of intellectual capital management, not only at the level of companies, but also at the level of cities. Also, certain models or approaches that can help cities in successful management of intangible assets will be presented. Some problems faced by the so-called "smart cities" in the management of individual elements of this valuable property will also be considered.
FLNG Parametric Design: A Synthesis Modeling Approach
Authors: Vieira Daniel P. , Amarante Rodrigo M. , Kang Kam Y. , Zago Lariuss , Dotta Raul , Lavieri Rodrigo S. , Sampaio Claudio M. , Nishimoto Kazuo
Published: March 2022

This article deals with the development of a numerical tool based on an integrated synthesis model to carry out the first project cycle of floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) platforms to produce, process, store, and export liquefied natural gas (LNG). The topside configuration, tank geometry and capacity, production levels, equipment list, environmental and operating conditions, classification society requirements, structure, stability, and seakeeping are considered in a single synthesis model, generating a sufficiently large number of solutions. The case generation and the evaluation process are performed hierarchically, dividing the parameters into groups to better solve the solution space, which cannot be achieved with conventional techniques such as traditional point-based design. This methodology is applied as a case study to design three FLNG platforms with different production levels (2, 3, and 4 million metric tons per year). Performance parameters are defined and evaluated, optimizing downtime, structural mass, and load capacity. The resulting platforms are compared to existing FLNG dimensions. Essential conclusions are drawn about design improvements, such as key dimensions, quantity, and configuration of tanks, freeboard specifications, and operating draft. The developed synthesis framework proved to be a quick and useful tool for the early stages of the FLNG project.
Data Services Librarians’ Responsibilities and Perspectives on Research Data Management
Authors: Bishop Bradley Wade , Orehek Ashley M. , Eaker Christopher , Smith Plato L.
Published: March 2022

This study of data services librarians is part of a series of studies examining the current roles and perspectives on Research Data Management (RDM) services in higher education. Reviewing current best practices provides insights into the role-based responsibilities for RDM services that data services librarians perform, as well as ways to improve and create new services to meet the needs of their respective university communities.

Objectives: The objectives of this article are to provide the context of research data services through a review of past studies, explain how they informed this qualitative study, and provide the methods and results of the current study. This study provides an in-depth overview of the overall job responsibilities of data services librarians and as well as their perspectives on RDM through job analyses.

Methods: Job analysis interviews provide insight and context to the tasks employees do as described in their own words. Interviews with 10 data services librarians recruited from the top 10 public and top 10 private universities according to the 2020 Best National University Rankings in the US News and World Reports were asked 30 questions concerning their overall job tasks and perspectives on RDM. Five public and five private data services librarians were interviewed. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. The transcriptions were analyzed in NVivo using a grounded theory application of open, axial, and selective coding to generate categories and broad themes based on the responses using synonymous meanings.

Results: The results presented here provide the typical job tasks of data services librarians that include locating secondary data, reviewing data management plans (DMPs), conducting outreach, collaborating, and offering RDM training. Fewer data services librarians assisted with data curation or manage an institutional repository.

Discussion: The results indicate that there may be different types of data services librarians depending on the mix of responsibilities. Academic librarianship will benefit from further delineation of job titles using tasks while planning, advertising, hiring, and evaluating workers in this emerging area. There remain many other explorations needed to understand the challenges and opportunities for data services librarians related to RDM.

Conclusions: This article concludes with a proposed matrix of job tasks that indicates different types of data services librarians to inform further study. Future job descriptions, training, and education will all benefit from differentiating between the many associated research data services roles and with increased focus on research data greater specializations will emerge.
Termogramas em recintos com peixes-boi-da-amazônia em fase de reabilitação no oeste do Pará, Amazônia, Brasil
Authors: Tavares Larissa da Silva , Martorano Lucieta Guerreiro , De Moraes José Reinaldo da Silva Cabral , De Oliveira Jairo Moura , Rodrigues Angélica Lúcia Figueiredo , Ribeiro Ana Sílvia Sardinha
Published: March 2022

A temperatura da água é um fator determinante durante a alocação dos animais em cativeiro, sendo apontada como temperatura ideal quando os valores estão entre 27 e 30 ºC. Objetivou-se neste trabalho diagnosticar e comparar condições de padrões termográficos em recintos com filhotes de peixes-boi-da-amazônia (Trichechus inunguis) sob diferentes condições de sombreamento para subsidiar possíveis estratégias de manejo desses animais em períodos de reabilitação. O estudo foi desenvolvido na unidade zoológica da Universidade da Amazônia (ZOOUNAMA), em Santarém, oeste do Pará, durante o período de monitoramento. Para subsidiar as avaliações comportamentais dos animais foram realizados diagnósticos com termografia no infravermelho próximo visando identificar padrões térmicos em dois recintos, um à plena exposição solar (A) e outro contendo mais sombra (B), obtendo-se imagens nos horários de maior incidência dos raios solares na camada hídrica mais superficial e nas bordaduras. Estavam sendo reabilitados dois animais na piscina A e três na piscina B. Verificou-se diferença significativa na temperatura correspondente à parede da piscina A em comparação à piscina B, indicando efeitos da incidência direta dos raios solares, com valores de 41,3 e 35,3 °C, respectivamente. As temperaturas nas bordas da piscina A apresentaram valores médios superiores às respostas térmicas na borda da piscina B. A termografia no infravermelho próximo é uma ferramenta de fácil utilização para diagnosticar os possíveis efeitos da temperatura no comportamento dos animais em reabilitação no estado do Pará.
Níveis de resíduo de cevada na dieta de frangos de corte Label Rouge
Authors: Malhado Anna Luz Netto , Alves Júlia Rodrigues , D’avilla Lima Heder José , Rosa Mauricio Silva
Published: March 2022

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o desempenho zootécnico de frangos Label Rouge alimentados com diferentes níveis de resíduo de cevada em substituição ao milho. Foram utilizadas 140 aves, sendo as rações experimentais formuladas à base de milho e farelo de soja e os tratamentos constituídos por quatro níveis de resíduo de cevada (0, 4, 8 e 12%), sendo cinco repetições com sete animais cada. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, peso final, ganho de peso e rendimento de carcaça, cortes, vísceras e gordura. Observou-se maior consumo de ração conforme aumentou-se o nível de inclusão de resíduo de cevada na dieta dos animais. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas para conversão alimentar, peso final, ganho de peso, rendimento de carcaça, cortes comerciais, vísceras e gordura. A variável de rendimento de dorso apresentou efeito quadrático, sendo que o nível estimado de inclusão que causou o menor rendimento foi o de 2,5%. O uso de resíduo de cevada na ração não prejudicou o desempenho zootécnico e o rendimento de carcaça, corte e vísceras de aves de corte Label Rouge criadas em sistema de confinamento.
Theoretical analysis and algorithm design of optimized pilot for downlink channel estimation in massive MIMO systems based on compressed sensing
Authors: Cao Hai-Yan , Ye Zhen-Yu ,   Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
Published: March 2022

Aiming at the pilot design problem in channel estimation of large-scale multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems, an adaptive autocorrelation matrix reduction parameter pilot optimization algorithm based on channel reconstruction error rate minimization is proposed under the framework of compression perception theory. Firstly, the system model and orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm are introduced. Secondly, for minimizing the channel reconstruction error rate, the relation between the expected value of the correlation decision in each iteration of the OMP algorithm and the reconstruction error rate is analyzed. For the optimal expected value of the correlation decision, the relation between the channel reconstruction error rate and the correlation of the pilot matrix column under the OMP algorithm is derived, and the two criteria of optimizing the pilot matrix are obtained: the pilot matrix column correlation expectation and the variance minimization. Then the method of optimizing the pilot matrix is studied, and the corresponding adaptive autocorrelation matrix reduction parameter pilot matrix optimization algorithm is proposed. In each iteration, whether the average column correlation degree of the matrix to be optimized is reduced is used as a judgment condition. The autocorrelation matrix reduction parameter value is adjusted to make the parameters close to the theoretical optimization. The simulation results show that the proposed method has a better column correlation property and lower channel reconstruction error rate than the pilot matrix obtained, separately, by Gaussian matrix, Elad method and low power average column correlation method.
Hybrid modelling of cavity system generated electromagnetic pulse in low pressure air
Authors: Zhang Han-Tian , Zhou Qian-Hong , Zhou Hai-Jing , Sun Qiang , Song Meng-Meng , Dong Ye , Yang Wei , Yao Jian-Sheng ,   Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, China
Published: March 2022

The surface of metal system exposed to ionizing radiation (X-ray and γ-ray) will emit high-energy electrons through the photoelectric effect and other processes. The transient electromagnetic field generated by the high-speed electron flow is called system generated electromagnetic pulse (SGEMP), which is difficult to shield effectively. An ongoing effort has been made to investigate the SGEMP response in vacuum by numerical simulation. However, the systems are usually operated in a gaseous environment. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of low-pressure air on the SGEMP. A three-dimensional hybrid simulation model is developed to calculate the characteristics of the electron beam induced air plasma and its interaction with the electromagnetic field. In the hybrid model, the high-energy photoelectrons are modelled as macroparticles, and secondary electrons are treaed as fluid for a balance between efficiency and accuracy. A cylindrical cavity with an inner diameter of 100 mm and a length of 50 mm is used. The photoelectrons are emitted from one end of the cavity and are assumed to be monoenergetic (20 keV). The photoelectron pulse follows a sine-squared distribution with a peak current density of 10 A/cm2, and its full width at half maximum is 2 ns. The results show that the number density of the secondary electrons near the photoelectron emission surface and its axial gradient increase as air pressure increases. The electron number density in the middle of the cavity shows a peak value at 20 Torr (1 Torr = 133 Pa). The electron temperature decreases monotonically with the increase in pressure. The low-pressure air plasma in the cavity prevents the space charge layer from being generated. The peak value of the electric field is an order of magnitude lower than that in vacuum, and the pulse width is also significantly reduced. The emission characteristic of the photoelectrons determines the peak value of the current response. The current reaching the end of the cavity surface first increases and then decreases with pressure increasing. The plasma return current can suppress the rising rate of the total current and extend the duration of current responses. Finally, to validate the established hybrid simulation model, the calculated magnetic field is compared with that from the benchmark experiments. This paper helps to achieve a better prediction of the SGEMP response in a gaseous environment. Compared with the particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collision method, the hybrid model adopted can greatly reduce the computational cost.
Research on dynamics theory based on the framework of energy conservation
Authors: 王秀明  , 周吟秋
Published: March 2022

Based on the analysis of establishing dynamic equations by using Newton mechanics, Lagrange and Hamilton mechanics, a new idea of establishing dynamic equations under the framework of energy conservation is proposed. Firstly, the use of Newton’s second law to derive wave equations of motion is introduced. Secondly, the Lagrange equation, Hamilton canonical equation, and the corresponding dynamical equations in a continuum are derived by using Hamilton’s variational principle. Thirdly, under the framework of energy conservation, the Lagrange equation, Hamilton canonical equation, and acoustic dynamics equation of continuum are established, and the results are proved to be consistent with those derived from classical mechanics. Some of fuzzy understandings when using Hamilton's variational principle to establish Lagrange’s equation and Hamilton’s canonical equation, are clarified. A series of dynamical equations established under the framework of energy conservation provides alternative way to characterize and represent the propagation characteristics of wave motions in various complex media without involving the variational principle of functional extremum. Finally, as an application example, the differential equation of dynamics in viscoelastic medium is given under the framework of energy conservation.
A combined association of serum uric acid, alanine aminotransferase and waist circumference with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a community-based study
Authors: Wang Min , Wang Minxian , Zhang Ru , Zhang Liuxin , Ding Yajie , Tang Zongzhe , Fan Haozhi , Wang Hongliang , Zhang Wei , Chen Yue , Wang Jie
Published: March 2022

Background

Increasing evidence has supported that serum uric acid (SUA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and waist circumference (WC) are associated with the occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the combined role of these factors in early screening of NAFLD has not been investigated. We aimed to de lineate this role in a community-based population.

Methods

Binary logistic regression was used to explore the correlations of SUA, ALT and WC with NAFLD risk. The goodness of fit and discriminative ability of the model were evaluated by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), respectively.

Results

Logistic regression analysis indicated that elevated SUA (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.76–3.38]), ALT (adjusted OR = 4.98, 95% CI [3.41–7.27]) and WC (adjusted OR = 3.22, 95% CI [2.01–5.16]) were facilitating factors for incident NAFLD after fully adjusted for related confounders. In addition, the risk of NAFLD followed linear trend s with increasing levels of these three indicators (all Ptrend < 0.001). The risk assessment model consisting of SUA, ALT, WC and demographics showed useful discrimination by AUROC being 0.825 (95% CI [0.811–0.838]) and good performance of calibration (P = 0.561).

Conclusions

SUA, ALT and WC were all associated with NAFLD, independent of known risk factors. The simple model composed of these indicators showed good performance in the Chinese population, which may be applicable for appraisal of NAFLD risk in primary healthcare.
Morphological Variations and Laterality of Bony Projections on Cerebral Aspect of Petrous Temporal Bone: Its Anatomical and Surgical Relevance
Authors: Patil Sachin , Sethi Madhu , Anjankar Vaibhav
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Knowledge regarding projections on cerebral aspect of petrous temporal bone especially in relation to dural venous sinuses or at the site of dural attachments is required for evaluating and differentiating normal from abnormal. Aim: This study was aimed to observe the incidence and localisation of various bony projections relating to sulcus for Dural venous sinus on the postero-superior surface of petrous temporal bone. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 260 skulls (out of which 20 were obtained from cadavers during dissection and 240 were dry skull) in the Department of Anatomy, ANIIMS from April 2016 to December 2019. The cerebral aspect of petrous temporal bone was observed for presence and localisation of projections. They were classified according to their size (small- <1 mm, medium- 1-3 mm, large->3 mm), location, laterality and its relation to sulcus for dural venous sinus. Images were taken and the data was tabulated with percentage incidence of individual observation. Results: Most of the projections seen were bilateral, 168 (64.61%), however, most of the projections were seen on right side 146 (56.15%). As per their location the projections were either located along superior border, 31 (11.92%) only in relation to sulcus for superior petrosal sinus or along posterior border, 91 (35.00%) in relation to sulcus for sigmoid sinus or jugular foramen. Majority of specimens (n=138, 53.08%) showed occurrence of projections along both specified sites. Conclusion: Presence of majority of projections bilaterally suggests a symmetrical pattern which might be influenced genetically during development or due to environmental/ external factors. A profound knowledge of various projections on postero-superior surface of petrous temporal bone is required by clinicians and surgeons for management and to avoid their misinterpretation as pathological ones. These findings have a relevance in understanding functional and evolutionary anatomy, and to provide individual variations.
Role of Multi Detector Computed Tomography in Evaluation of Vascular Complications of Pancreatitis: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Narayana Manupratap , Kumar Narasipur Lingaiah Rajendra , Kalaiah Pavan Kumar , Tilaka . , Shivamurthy Sowmya , Pooja Mysore Kumaraswamy , Gowda Vinaya Manohara , Pious Rinu
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The involvement of the blood vessels around the pancreas in pancreatitis may result in devastating complications. The proteolytic enzymes secreted by the inflamed pancreas can directly erode the walls of arteries in and around the pancreas, resulting in haemorrhage or pseudoaneurysms formation. On the other hand, the inflamed tissue may compress or thrombose adjoining veins. Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) serves as an excellent tool for diagnosis and evaluation of complications of pancreatitis and can detect most vascular complications. Aim: To evaluate the MDCT findings of vascular complications associated with pancreatitis. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 patients at the Department of Radiology in the Tertiary Care Hospital attached to Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore, India for 12 months from 1st August 2019 to 31st July 2020. Each patient was subjected to unenhanced and contrast-enhanced CT to characterise the vascular complications associated with pancreatitis. The results were tabulated and evaluated descriptively by Microsoft excel 2016 and presented in figures and tables. Results: Of the 60 patients included, Splenic Vein Thrombosis (SVT) was seen in 39 (65%), followed by Portal Vein (PV) thrombosis in 17 (28.3%), Superior Mesenteric Vein (SMV) thrombosis in 14 (23.3%), all the three vein thrombosis was seen in 7 (11.6%) and arterial pseudoaneurysms was seen in 3 (5%). Conclusion: Vascular complications in pancreatitis are not uncommon but should be evaluated in all cases of pancreatitis. Contrast-enhanced CT is the main imaging modality for originally identifying local complications. SVT is one of the most frequently found vascular complications seen in patients of pancreatitis.
Morphometric Analysis of the Sella Turcica and its Variation with Sex and Age among Computed Tomography Scanned Individuals in Soddo Christian Hospital, Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Getachew , Gebremickael Abinet , Mergu Prasad , Manna Sisay , Chisha Yilma , Getachew Tamiru , Fekadu Teshale
Published: March 2022

ntroduction: The sella turcica is an important anatomical landmark used for the diagnosis of sellar and parasellar pathology and the evaluation of craniofacial morphology. Sella turcica varies greatly in healthy individuals and a deviation in size and shape can be an indication of the pathology of the pituitary and craniofacial abnormality. Aim: To assess the morphometry of the sella turcica among computed tomography scanned individuals in Soddo Christian Hospital, Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: An institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to October 2019. The data were collected from 496 randomly selected head computed tomography scanned images of individuals who visited the hospital from September 2018 to August 2019. Sella dimension was measured using the radiant DICOM viewer. Independent samples t-test was conducted to compare means among sex and one-way ANOVA was applied to compare the means among age groups. Results: The overall mean length, depth, and antero-posterior diameters were 10.226 mm, 7.124 mm and 11.892 mm, respectively. The evaluated mean length, depth and antero- posterior diameter of sella turcica among males were 10.262 mm, 7.015 mm and 11.849 mm and among females it was found 10.107 mm, 7.479 mm and 12.034 mm, respectively. In the present study, depth of the sella turcica had significant difference among males and females and also sella dimensions were seen to increase with age (p>0.05). Conclusion: Length and antero-posterior diameter were highest as compared to previous studies. Generally, the results of the present study were different from previous studies and further studies in different parts of the country needs to be done, to have normative data on the dimension of sella turcica in Ethiopia.
A Cadaveric Study on Variations of Branching Patterns of Ulnar Nerve in Hand
Authors: Syamly S , Chaitra BR
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Anatomical knowledge of variations in the branching patterns of ulnar nerve in hand is very important for the surgeons in diagnosis of peripheral neuropathies and in treating nerve compression syndromes. In addition, knowledge of relationship between deep branch of ulnar nerve and deep palmar arch is important in treating ulnar nerve compression due to post-traumatic pseudo aneurysm, true aneurysm of distal ulnar artery or tortuous ulnar artery. Aim: To observe the division of ulnar nerve in relation to flexor retinaculum, the variations in the branching patterns of ulnar nerve in hand and the relation between deep branch of ulnar nerve and deep palmar arch. Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted in 52 cadaveric hands collected from Department of Anatomy, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute from August 2013 to Dec 2013. Specimens were fixed in 10% of formalin and dissected. Observations were noted. Results: Division of ulnar nerve into superficial and deep branch was seen along the middle part of flexor retinaculum in 15 (28.8%) out of 52 specimens. In 5 (9.6%) out of 52 specimens, this division was seen in the distal part of flexor retinaculum. Trunk of ulnar nerve supplying abductor digiti minimi was seen in 5 (9.6%) specimens and accessory abductor digiti minimi in 3 (5.7%) specimens. Superficial branch of ulnar nerve supplying abductor digiti minimi in five specimens and flexor digiti minimi in three specimens. Deep branch of ulnar nerve was seen along the concavity of deep palmar arch in 15 (28.8%) specimens and along the convexity in 23 (44.2%) specimens. In 14 (26.9%) specimens, deep branch of ulnar nerve was seen crossing the deep palmar arch superficially from proximal to distal. Conclusion: Ulnar nerve presents with many variations in the hand. These variations may lead to entrapment neuropathies which will have varied presentations. Knowledge of these variations will help the general surgeons, orthopedic surgeons and plastic surgeons during various surgical corrections.
Comparison of Sequential Boost and Simultaneous Integrated Boost Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy in Treatment of Head and Neck Carcinoma: A Prospective Interventional Study
Authors: Arora Abhishek , Purohit Ramesh , chigurupalli Kiran , Bhandari Menal , Gupta AR , Peter Shalu
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) is a radiotherapy in head and neck cancer can be delivered by two boost techniques: Sequential Boost (SEQ) and Simultaneous Integrated Boost (SIB). There is still limited data comparing these two techniques. Aim: To compare SEQ and SIB planning techniques of VMAT in patients of Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) in terms of disease response and acute toxicities. Materials and Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted at Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India from January 2019 to December 2020. Fifty two patients of HNSCC planned for radical chemoradiation were enrolled into two study arms SEQ-VMAT and SIB-VMAT. Chemotherapy given as weekly cisplatin 40 mg/m2 . Dosimetric comparison was done using Dose Volume Histogram (DVH) analysis. Response evaluation was done as per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 at 8-10 weeks follow-up. Acute toxicity evaluation was done as per Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) toxicity grading. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software. Results: A total of 52 subjects were included in the study, out of which 26 subjects were included in SEB group while 26 subjects in SIB group. No significant difference was observed in demographic data in terms of age 56.2 vs 53.5 years, sex (24 males and 2 females in both the arms), disease site (oropharynx is the most common site 38.5% in both arms)and stage (IVA 69.2% in SEQ arm vs 46.2% in SIB arm and III 30.8% in SEQ arm vs 42.3% in SIB arm). Dosimetric data was comparable between the two arms. SIB-VMAT shows significantly higher incidence of acute dermatitis (grade1 dermatitis at two weeks 69.2% vs 38.5%, p=0.0279 and grade 2 dermatitis at six weeks 84.6% vs 38.5%, p=0.0007) and acute mucositis (grade 1 mucositis at two weeks 84.6% vs 38.5%, p=0.0007) as compared to SEQ-VMAT. SEQVMAT shows significantly higher incidence of dysphagia (grade 1 at four weeks 84.5% vs 50%, p=0.0087). No significant differences were observed in terms of xerostomia and laryngeal toxicity.No significant difference in overall response was observed between SIB vs SEQ (complete response 65.4% vs 53.85% p=0.40). Conclusion: SEQ appears better in terms of acute toxicities but SIB was more convenient as no re-planning was required. For head and neck radiotherapy SIB and Sequential VMAT are comparable in terms of overall response.
Immune Complex-Mediated Crescentic Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Reddy Dhruvi , Green Siva Ranganthan , Hemachandar R
Published: March 2022

Immune complex-mediated Glomerulonephritis (GN) comprises a group of disorders including Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, IgA vasculitis, lupus nephritis, infection-related GN {poststreptococcal, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)}, and fibrillary GN with polyclonal Ig deposits. Infection-Related Glomerulonephritis (IRGN) is an immune complex-mediated injury which is triggered by an infection other than renal causes. With new evolving histopathological variants such as C3 Glomerulonephritis (C3GN), it can be challenging to consultants in both diagnostic and management aspects in differentiating it from IRGN. It is seen to occur alongside infection in adults with a greater risk of disease progression to End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Here, the authors report a case of 33- year-old male who presented with gastrointestinal and urinary symptoms. Patient was initially diagnosed as infective diarrhea with Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), and on further evaluation, renal biopsy was suggestive of immune-complex mediated crescentic GN. Patient was treated with steroids and there was an improving trend of renal function and positive outcome after treatment, with an overall good prognosis. Aetiology of this immune-complex mediated crescentic GN is however unclear due to similarities between Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis (PIGN) and C3 glomerulopathy pathologically.
Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices about Paediatric Dental Apps among Paediatric Dentists in India: A Questionnairebased, Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kadam Krishna Sandeep , Gokhale Niraj Satish , Hugar Shivayogi Mallappa , Joshi Riddhi Shripad , Kohli Neha , Dialani Pooja Kishore
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Dental anxiety is of prime concern for the paediatric dentist as it can prevent a child from seeking effective dental care by creating conditions that are challenging to the paediatric dentists and thereby not allowing to render the highest quality care. The dental application (apps) can be a useful tool in alleviating the anxiety in children, but these apps have not yet been evaluated for its use by paediatric dentists. Aim: To assess knowledge, attitude and practices about paediatric dental apps among paediatric dentists in India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional questionnairebased study was conducted among 450 paediatric dentists in India. The study was conducted over a span of one month. A 16-item validated questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha coefficient value of 0.82, containing professional demographic data, knowledge, attitude, and practices about dental apps were distributed among the participants. The collected data was subjected to descriptive analysis was done using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software (version 20.0 Chicago IL, USA). Results: The study included (N=370) out of which 159 (42.97%) were female respondents and 211 (57.03%) were male respondents. The mean age of the surveyed professionals was 34.14±9.11 years. The results showed that the correlation between knowledge and attitude was found to be highly statistically significant (p=0.0001) however, no statistically significant results were found when a comparison was made between knowledge and practices (p-value=0.7684) and also attitude and practices (p-value=0.0930). Conclusion: The study concludes that, there is a need for creating awareness about the use of dental apps as an adjunct with conventional behaviour modification techniques among paediatric dentists in our country.
Measurement of Subaxial Cervical Vertebral Height using Computed Tomography for Optimisation of Anterior Cervical Plate in North Indian Population
Authors: Sareen Atul , Kumar Sumit , Manu B B , Varghese Rejo , Boruah Tatkeshwar
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The morphometric analysis of subaxial cervical spine is of importance to improve the surgical outcome of the patients who undergo Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) with anterior cervical plating. The morphometric values of cervical spine vary for from population to population and so does the size of the anterior cervical plate. Aim: To analyse the average height of subaxial cervical spine and its implication in anterior cervical plating. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 70 patients who underwent Computed Tomography (CT) scan for evaluation of cervical spine between May 2021 to October 2021 in Safdarjung hospital, New Delhi. The height of subaxial cervical spine (from C3 to C7 vertebrae) was measured from superior most to inferior most bony part on the anterior surface of the corresponding cervical vertebrae in midsagittal section (A) and superior most to inferior most of the central cervical vertebral body in midsagittal section (B) using Radiant viewer version 4.2.1 software. The Indian and imported anterior cervical plate, screw hole diameter and screw hole to plate edge were measured both on ventral and dorsal aspect with vernier caliper. The data was tabulated and mean, standard deviation and other variations were calculated. Results: The smallest vertebra was C5, A (11.62±1.15 mm) and B (9.95±1.35 mm). C7 was the largest with measurements of A (14.07±1.35 mm) and B (12.46±1.29 mm). The total distance of cervical plate over the anterior cervical vertebral body measures 7.9 mm and 7.6 mm for imported and Indian implant, respectively. Considering the least cervical vertebral height of 9.95±1.35 mm, the gap remaining from the adjacent disc after mounting Imported and Indian implant was 2.05±1.35 mm and 2.35±1.35 mm, respectively. Conclusion: C7 was the largest vertebrae and C5 was the smallest. Thus, the Indian and imported anterior cervical plate leaves a gap of less than 5 mm from adjacent disc to plate at C3,C4,C5 and C6.
A Rare Mesenchymal Neoplasm in an Uncommon Anatomical SiteSolitary Fibrous Tumour of Vulva
Authors: Kaushik Nupur , Kumar Lalit , Singh Prashant , Singhal Juhi
Published: March 2022

Previously, Solitary Fibrous Tumour (SFT) was thought to originate from the pleura, a relatively rare mesenchymal neoplasm with an indolent course. Vulva is the very uncommon site of extrathoracic SFT. This is the report of a very uncommon case of vulval SFT in a 30-year-old female with complaint of a swelling over vulval region. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) of the growth was attempted twice and only blood was aspirated. The swelling was excised completely. On histological examination, the sections revealed a cellular tumour of ovoid-to-fusiform spindle cells with indistinct cell borders, with haphazard arrangement or patternless pattern along with proliferation of variable sized blood vessels. The diagnosis was finalised to be a benign stromal tumour (most probably SFT), which was confirmed on immunohistochemical examination using Cluster of Differentiation 34 (CD34), CD99 and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 6 (STAT6) markers.