bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Winning of Empty Box in the 2018 Makassar Regional Head Election
Authors: Harianto Harianto , Darmawan Wawan Budi , Muradi Muradi
Published: December 2020

This research discusses how the empty box won in the 2018 Makassar Regional Head Election. This phenomenon became the elections’ history where a single candidate failed to win the election. Ten political parties consisting of Functional Groups Party (Golkar), National Democratic Party (NasDem), Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), United Development Party (PPP), Crescent Star Party (PBB), Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerindra), Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), People’s Conscience Party (Hanura), National Mandate Party (PAN), and Indonesian Justice and Unity Party (PKPI), promoted a single candidate pair. This study aims to describe how the movement of empty box volunteers in the Makassar Regional Head Election. This research uses a qualitative method. Selection of informants using a snowball sampling technique, and using social movement theory. There are three parts to this theory: 1) Complaint theory. Public disappointment over a candidate pair’s disqualification and consider the election organizer unfair; 2) Mobilizing structures theory. Analyze the voluntary movement of empty boxes to gather mass support and sympathizers during the election; and 3) Framing theory. Analyze the use of issues and methods of spreading the issue. This research found that the empty box phenomenon in Makassar Regional Head Election, unlike in the elections in other areas where the single candidate did not have an opponent, in Makassar, one of the candidate pairs was disqualified due to violation. It made the community, supporters, and the success team feels disappointed with the General Elections Commission’s decision. This disappointment also resulted in the emergence of the empty box volunteer movement. Movements of empty box volunteers to gather mass support and sympathizers through door-to-door socializing, leaflets, flyers, and banners call to action to win empty box and use social media and online media as campaign tools.
Kompetencje medialne – próba pomiaru
Authors: Duda Aneta
Published: December 2020

W artykule naświetlono zagadnienia diagnozy (assessment) i pomiaru (measurment) kompetencji medialnych. Głównym celem przeprowadzonych badań było uchwycenie poziomu wiedzy młodzieży na temat mediów. Próbowano określić wpływ wydarzenia edukacyjnego, jakim jest Olimpiada Wiedzy o Mediach, na poziom kompetencji medialnych. Zidentyfikowano również główne obszary realnych potrzeb edukacyjnych w tym zakresie. Metody badań: w tym celu dokonano walidacji miar kompetencji medialnych Setha Ashleya i współpracowników (2013) oraz Melissy Tully i Emily Vragi (2015) na gruncie polskim. Zweryfikowano także dodatkowe wskaźniki związane z postawami wobec wiedzy medialnej i wybranych zagadnień medialnych; w tym celu przeprowadzono dwa badania ankietowe – na próbie lubelskich uczestników Olimpiady Wiedzy o Mediach oraz wśród pozostałych uczniów klas III wybranych lubelskich szkół ponadpodstawowych. Na przykładzie obu grup (132 respondentów) wykazano, że kompetencje medialne są wielowymiarową konstrukcją, a niektóre wskaźniki korelują z wiedzą i postawami wobec mediów. Wyniki testu wiedzy wskazały, że faktyczna wiedza młodzieży dotycząca oddziaływania mediów jest niższa niż jej samoocena w tym zakresie. Natomiast postawy wobec edukacji medialnej okazały się ambiwalentne. Ani uczestnictwo w Olimpiadzie Wiedzy o Mediach, ani subiektywna ocena własnych kompetencji nie miały wpływu na różnice w zakresie wiedzy o mediach i w postawach wobec edukacji medialnej. Wyniki wskazały natomiast na znaczącą rolę edukacji pozaformalnej, zarówno rozmów o mediach w domu rodzinnym, jak i doświadczeń związanych z dodatkowymi zajęciami medialnymi realizowanymi w szkole.
浅析煤矿安全生产标准化管理体系建设
Authors: 白 锋
Published: December 2020

近年来，在多方面利好因素的影响下，使得我国各个领域都得到了全面的发展，有效的推动了煤矿生产行业的发展壮大。就煤炭生产行业安全生产标准化管理工作来说，在我国发展历程已经达到了几十年的时间，整体状态相对较为完善，从而为我国煤炭企业的持续健康发展打下了坚实的基础。但是经过大量的实践调查我们发现，以往老旧模式的煤矿行业在安全生产标准化管理体系的建设工作中还存在诸多的问题。诸如：施工工作人员各项工作的实施没有严格遵从规范标准落实，监督管理工作人员工作不到位等等，这样也充分的说明了，以往煤矿行业的安全管理工作还存在诸多的疏漏。所以我们需要充分结合各方面实际情况和需要，采用有效的方式方法对安全管理工作中存在的问题加以切实解决，从而确保安全生产标准化管理体系能够发挥出既有的作用。
钻孔灌注桩技术在建筑工程施工中的应用策略
Authors: 魏 学松
Published: December 2020

随着建筑行业不断发展，建筑工程施工技术也得到了不断的创新，其中在进行建筑工程施工中钻孔灌注桩施工技术得到了广泛的应用，最大限度的提升了建筑工程基础结构的承载力，保证了建筑工程整体结构的稳定性。建筑工程规模逐渐扩大，也给建筑工程建设质量提出更高的要求，因此采用钻孔灌注桩施工技术后应充分了解建筑工程设计参数及施工技术要点，保证施工质量，从而加快建筑行业发展步伐。
高性能混凝土配合比设计及其存在的问题及解决策略
Authors: 颜 锦顺
Published: December 2020

现在我国的生活节奏非常快，经济压力大，当下的建筑行业也面临着非常大的压力和竞争，有的由于不负责任操作导致了建筑安全问题，这些问题产生了很大的安全隐患，造成以上原因的主要是一些施工单位只是注重了眼前的经济利益，根本没有重视建筑的质量问题。这些问题出现的原因多种多样，值得注意的是最主要的还要数混凝土的强度问题,这样一来就导致了建筑结构质量问题不断的出现.今天咱们分析的高性能混凝土正好可以很好地解决以上所说质量问题,它的两大优点就是稳定、耐久性,要想全面发挥高性能混凝土的效果,一定要设计出最理想的配合比才能解决设计中存在的不足,这样的话可以从根源上解决混凝土质量缺陷的问题。今天咱们主要是针对高性能混凝土配合比设计及其存在的问题及解决策略展开论述，希望对大家有所帮助。
探究项目管理在国内航空产品数字化制造中的应用
Authors: 邓 帮华
Published: December 2020

航空产品制造属于高技术与资金密集型产业，近些年所面临的市场竞争加剧，对自身长远发展产生影响。这篇文章将从项目管理入手，详细阐述了国内航空产品数字化制造的现状，并根据大数据技术要求，探索了项目管理模式在航空产品数字化制造中的新路径，最终对该方法的应用效果进行了总结。从这篇文章的研究结果可知，基于大数据技术的项目管理可以显著提高航空产品数字化制造水平，实现了责任的分配与生产管理，具有推广价值。
高压旋喷桩止水帷幕在深基坑支护中的应用
Authors: 顿 海山
Published: December 2020

建筑工程施工过程中深基坑支护得到了广泛的应用，在深基坑支护过程中高压旋喷桩止水帷幕已经成为较常应用的施工方式，其可以应用到局部砂层、圆砾层施工区域，最终得到良好的支护与止水目的，从而保证工程施工质量。
转炉氧枪喷头的优化改进方案探究
Authors: 杨 宏宇 , 周 晓雷*
Published: December 2020

文中通过对转炉氧枪喷头的各项参数进行总结分析，主要介绍了氧枪喷头马赫数，喷头倾角和喷头孔数的参数优化及选择，并分析了参数改动前后氧枪性能和转炉吹炼效果的影响。结果表明喷头的马赫数，喷头倾角和喷头孔数等参数对转炉吹炼过程中的熔池冲击面积，冲击深度以及金属液除碳磷，渣化过程有重要影响，引起氧枪喷头性能差异的主要原因是马赫数低时氧气射流对熔池的冲击深度不足；喷头倾角较小时，氧气射流覆盖的熔池范围较小，冲击面积小；而喷头孔数少时，氧气射流之间的相互吸引也会导致冲击深度和冲击面积的减少。氧枪喷头的优化可以显著提高生产效率，降低能耗。并结合水钢二炼钢厂和河钢唐钢中厚板公司的氧枪优化方案分析，对转炉氧枪的改进给出建议，对于转炉吹炼过程提升效率和减少能耗，延长氧枪寿命具有重要参考价值。
土木工程基础施工中的深基坑支护施工技术
Authors: 孙 忠良
Published: December 2020

我国随着经济的发展，我国建筑业正在迅速发展，规模不断扩大，建筑结构更加复杂，地板高度不断提高。为了满足基于构造的力要求，它变得越来越复杂。在大型建设项目的建设中，深基坑支护工程是一个比较普遍的基础工程。基坑支护的质量对项目的顺利发展有重要影响，而基坑支护的成本对项目总成本有较大影响。根据基础设计工程地质，水文地质，环境条件在施工过程中选择适当的支护方案，以确保施工安全和降低施工成本的需要。在深基坑施工阶段，要注意质量控制，以确保基坑施工的稳定性。在此基础上，简单的土木工程到的深基坑施工技术的问题。
建筑工程施工安全管理的重要性探讨
Authors: 朱 恩勇
Published: December 2020

近年来，在多方面利好因素的影响下，使得我国综合国力得到了全面的提升，从而有效的推动了各个领域的发展壮大，尤其是建筑工程行业的发展更加的迅猛。就建筑工程行业的发展历程来看，施工安全问题长期以来都是人们最为关注的一个问题，在当前建筑工程施工工作越发复杂性的形势下，切实的保证建筑工程施工的安全性是具有十分重要的现实意义的。在可持续发展理念的带动下，各个地区大量的高层建筑工程应时而生，从而使得工程施工建设过程中往往会遇到大量的危险隐患，这也是造成建筑工程施工安全事故频繁发生的主要根源。其次，人为因素也是引发安全事故的一项重要因素，建筑施工企业要想保证自身稳定健康发展，那么最为重要的就是要对建筑工程施工安全加以保证，不断提升自身的综合实力。鉴于此，这篇文章主要针对建筑工程施工安全管理工作的重要性展开全面深入的研究分析，希望能够对我国建筑工程行业的稳步持续发展有所帮助。
论土木工程管理与工程造价的有效控制措施
Authors: 叶 卓人
Published: December 2020

要想保证土木工整体建设效率与建设质量，应做好工程管理及造价控制工作。随着城镇化建设进程不断加快，近些年来土木工程建设项目逐渐增多，但是在进行项目管理及造价控制工作时还存在一些问题，因此相关管理人员应高度重视，保证做到全方位管理，提高土木工程管理及造价工作水平。
某水电站窑洞式安装间围岩稳定分析
Authors: 高 炼
Published: December 2020

某水电站为降低左岸边坡开挖边坡高度，减小边坡开挖工程量，安装间设置为窑洞式结构，为掌握该水电站左岸坝肩边坡和厂房窑洞式安装间开挖过程中，厂房窑洞式安装间围岩的变形、应力分布规律以及可能的围岩失稳破坏模式及部位等围岩开挖响应特征，通过数值分析，对左岸坝肩边坡和安装间进行分层开挖模拟，分析和总结开挖过程中安装间围岩的位移场、应力场、塑性区的分布特征和演化规律，对窑洞式安装间围岩稳定进行评价。
自动化监测技术在地铁隧道施工中的应用
Authors: 邹 国峰 , 邓 杉杉
Published: December 2020

在多方面利好因素的影响下，使得我国社会综合国力得到了显著的提升，从而为各个领域的发展壮大带来了诸多的机遇，促进了科学技术的快速发展，在这种形势下，使得自动化检测技术整体水平得以快速的提升。就自动化检测技术实际情况来说，通常都是依赖传感器、在线图像收集设备、全站仪来实施自动检测工作的，在实际操作过程中，这些设备的运用可以高效的完成对检测目标的各项实时信息的收集，并且能够将收集到的信息按照前期设定的程序输送到显示终端，工作人员结合显示终端展示的各项信息来对监测对象的实际情况加以判断。将自动化检测技术切实的运用到地铁隧道工程施工工作之中，能够对工程施工过程中各项施工工作进行全面的切实的监督，从而切实的保障工程施工质量。
浅埋暗挖技术在地铁隧道工程中的应用
Authors: 陈 天博
Published: December 2020

近年来，我国社会经济水平得到了显著的提升，从而有效的推动了城市建设工作的全面开展，这样就使得各个地区大量的地铁隧道工程应时而生。在组织开展地铁隧道工程施工工作的过程中，隧道施工质量往往与工程所处地区地质结构、环境条件密切相关。所以，在正式开始施工工作之前，需要安排专人对工程现场各方面情况加以全面的勘察，结合勘察结果来挑选适合施工技术，这样才能切实的规避对周边生态环境和民众的正常生活造成不良影响，并且还可以避免隧道支护和坍塌情况的发生。浅埋暗挖施工技术是当前较为前沿的一种隧道工程施工技术，挖掘施工方法具有良好的灵活性，并且在确保隧道工程施工质量和安全方面具有良好的优越性。
铁水预处理技术的展望
Authors: 余 万权¹ , 周 晓雷*
Published: December 2020

随着经济社会和钢铁冶炼技术的不断进步，国家与社会对钢铁的质量标准和技术要求越来越高，钢铁产品的种类也在不断增加，特别是高品质、高利用价值和高附加利用价值的钢种的需求越来越大。为了提高钢铁产品的品质、减少钢渣的数量及降低CO_(2)排放，兼顾经济和高效高质量的铁水预处理技术，作为现代钢铁冶炼技术的优化办法已经被当成各企业竞相追逐的核心技术。在对钢铁产品欲求不断加大的今天，发展更高产量、更低成本、更低排放的铁水预处理技术已经成为钢铁企业加强自己核心竞争力的重要一环。文中将对铁水预处理的脱硫、脱磷、脱硅以及处理过程中对铁水包鱼雷罐的控制进行叙述。
建筑工程施工费用控制管理的方法探讨
Authors: 黄 荣学
Published: December 2020

从概念上讲，建设项目的建设成本控制与管理是指使用专业的管理方法和管理技术，有效地控制项目建设过程中影响项目成本的所有因素，减少建设成本。尽可能多地处理项目中不必要的支出，以确保实际的建设项目成本控制在预算之内。从实际情况看，建设项目建设成本的控制和管理主要是对建设阶段各种成本和支出数据进行统计分析，并及时提供反馈。对于各种建设成本的实际支出，有必要对相应的预算成本进行比较分析，检查超出预算或预算额度的建设环节，调查分析原因，找出解决方案。
COREX熔化气化炉布料模式对布料结果的影响
Authors: 杨 宏宇 , 周 晓雷*
Published: December 2020

熔化气化炉的布料模式直接决定了炉料的料面形状和孔隙度，而孔隙度的大小又对煤气流的分布和流速有巨大影响。通过对不同布料模式下的空隙度和煤气流进行分析，寻找出利于工业生产的布料模式，对冶金工业的生产和熔融还原技术的发展有重要意义。
SCIENTISTS’ PERCEPTIONS ON THE NATURE OF NANOSCIENCE AND ITS PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
Authors: Laherto Antti , Tirre Frederike , Parchmann Ilka , Kampschulte Lorenz , Schwarzer Stefan
Published: December 2020

Some level of understanding of and about nanoscience and nanotechnology (NST) has been suggested as being relevant in up-to-date scientific literacy for all. Research scientists working in these fields are central in current efforts to inform and engage the public in NST. Earlier research has shown that scientists can contribute to authentic science learning, but communication always entails roles that affect the choice of content. This study investigated NST researchers’ views on the nature of their research and their preferences in NST communication. Eight experienced professors working in various fields of NST were interviewed. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews focused on the scientists’ views on 1) the nature of their research, and 2) aspects of NST that should be communicated to the public. Qualitative content analysis of the interviews revealed that the themes the interviewees highlighted when describing their research (interdisciplinarity, size scale, methods, objects, nature of NST in general) were somewhat different from the ones they considered as important for communication to the public (applications and products, risks and benefits, visualizations). The results problematize the simplistic notion that exposure to real scientists would unquestionably enhance the authenticity of science learning. This study gives insight for research and development of science communication, especially scientists’ role and training in it.
Keywords: authenticity, nanoscience, nature of science, science communication, scientist interviews.
PERIOPERATIVE NURSING CARE IN CASES REQUIRING EMERGENCY SURGERY IN COVID-19 INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: CİCİ Remziye , ANUŞ TOPDEMİR Esra
Published: December 2020

Covid-19 which emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019, is an infectious disease caused by coronavirus and causes serious respiratory infections. Covid-19 disease was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020 due to its easy and rapid spread and affecting many countries globally. This rapid spread also increased the number of individuals infected with the virus, reaching 9,067,559 people worldwide and 187,685 people in Turkey. Unfortunately, deaths resulting from the disease cannot be prevented and the number of individuals who lost their lives continues to increase rapidly. Today, the number of people who died due to the pandemic has reached 500,000 worldwide and 5000 in Turkey. Elective surgery of individuals who are infected or at risk can be postponed in pandemics with such high rate of infectiousness and disease-related mortality. However, if the absence or postponement of the surgery is life-threatening, performing the surgery becomes inevitable. An individual infected or possibly infected with the Covid-19 virus may pose many risks during the surgical procedure, which requires taking some additional precautions before, during and after surgery. In addition to the normal surgical process, perioperative nursing care should focus on some specific issues during the pandemic, which are improving the treatment success of the patients, improving the quality of the care, ensuring that the Covid-19 disease is overcome without complications, and preventing the transmission of the disease to other individuals. Thus, the perioperative nursing care of the Covid-19 patients with possible or definitive diagnosis was discussed considering the available literature.
INVESTIGATION OF SFLT-1 AND VEGF EXPRESSION IN NORMOTENSIVE AND PREECLAMPTIC PLACENTA. AN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY
Authors: SAHİN Firat , AKKUŞ Murat , ŞEKER Uğur , SOKER Sevda , GOKALP-OZKORKMAZ Ebru , AĞAÇAYAK Elif , AŞIR Fırat
Published: December 2020

Objectives: The pathogenesis of preeclampsia is still not clear, but endothelial dysfunction believed to be one of the most encountered problems during placenta development in preeclamptic patients. Both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its antagonist, soluble Fms-Like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), have roles in vascular function. In this study, we have investigated immunohistochemical expression of VEGF and sFlt-1 in term placenta of normotensive and preeclampsia patients.
Methods: Totally twenty term placentas were obtained from pregnant women of which 10 preeclampsia patient and 10 normotensive. Placentas were dissected and tissue samples were subjected to routine tissue processing protocol, then embedded in paraffin blocks. Serial sections were obtained from paraffin blocks and stained with H&E and PAS for routine histopathology. VEGF and sFlt-1 immunohistochemistry was performed to the sections.
Results: When compared to control group, severe pathological changes were observed in preeclamptic placentas. Increase in number of syncytial knots and intervillous bridges, hemorrhage in interstitium, dilatation and congestion in villous capillaries, increase in fibrin accumulation in villus stroma, and increase in thickening of basement membrane were very clear. VEGF expression was significantly higher in normotensive placentas compared to preeclamptic. On the other hand, sFlt-1 expression was significantly increased in preeclamptic placentas.
Conclusions: When the VEGF and sFlt-1 expression was considered, higher expression of sFlt-1 at preeclampsia, but decrease in VEGF expression, might be related to endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia. Overall, this study demonstrates, imbalance between VEGF and sFlt-1 is one of the major reason of endothelial dysfunction in preeclamptic placenta.
EVALUATION OF RDW, MPV, PLATELET LABORATORY PARAMETERS IN PROSTATE CANCER PATIENTS ADMITTING TO EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT WITH HEMATURIA
Authors: ATİK Dilek
Published: December 2020

Abstract:Prostate Cancer (PCA) is the most common among urological malignant tumors. Prostate cancer patients may be unable to urinate, and may have hospital admissions with symptoms like erectile dysfunction or hematuria. Although hematuria is a highly common clinical manifestation in the society, the frequency of it is not known in prostate cancer patients, which is one of the urological malignancies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation of RDW (distribution width of the red blood cells), MPV (mean platelet volüme) and Platelet Blood Parameters with hematuria in prostate cancer patients admitting to the emergency clinic with hematuria. The present study was conducted retrospectively by examining the hospital automation system and patient files of prostate cancer patients admitting with hematuria between 01.01.2018-01.01.2020 to Yozgat Bozok University Emergency Medical Clinic. A total of 60 patients with full files and that matched study criteria were included in the study. For the purpose of comparing blood parameters for the purpose of comparing blood parameters, 45 patients with prostate cancer, nonspecific complaints and non-additional diseases were evaluated as the control group. MPV (mean platelet volume), RDW-CV (red blood cells distribution width) blood parameters of patients with prostate cancer hematuria were found to be significantly higher in the control group. Platelet value of the patient group was found to be significantly lower than the control group. However, the platelet blood parameter values were significantly lower in patients with major hematuria than in patients with minor hematuria (<0.05). According to the results of the present study, we believe that all the three parameters (RDW, MPV and Platelet levels), which can be measured in full blood count in the prostate cancer patient group in particular, can guide clinicians that the finding of hematuria can develop, and will be beneficial in follow-up and treatment. However, unlike RDW and MPV laboratory parameters, we think the Platelet parameter is an important parameter in predicting the type of hematuria that can develop.
Knowledge Sharing Behavior Factors of Public Sector Employees in Jambi, Indonesia
Authors: Firdaus Ahmad , Ahman Eeng
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the individual, organizational and technological factors that influence knowledge sharing behavior among public sector employees in Jambi City. This is a survey and explanatory research with questionnaires used to obtain data from 86 employees in Jambi's public sector and analyzed using factor analysis. The results showed that individual, organizational, and technological factors, such as awareness and altruism, organizational rewards, and IT application usage, respectively, have a significant effect on knowledge sharing. This is opposed to self-efficacy and top management support.
Mortierella Species as the Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi Present in the Agricultural Soils
Authors: Ozimek Ewa , Hanaka Agnieszka
Published: December 2020

In the most recent scientific reports based on the DNA or RNA-analyses a widespread presence of the filamentous fungi, Mortierella in various environments has been shown. Some strains of this genus belong to the plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) and are found in the bulk soil, rhizosphere and plants tissues. These microorganisms are also often found in the extremely hostile environments, responsible for improving access to the bioavailable forms of P and Fe in the soils, the synthesis of phytohormones and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, and last but not least the protection of agricultural plants from pathogens. Furthermore, earlier reports classified Mortierella spp. as the saprotrophic microorganisms isolated from the forest litter, and nowadays their status as a very valuable decomposers in the agricultural soils was confirmed. The key features like the ability to survive under very unfavorable environmental conditions and the utilization of carbon sources contained in polymers like cellulose, hemicellulose, chitin make these fungi efficient as the agricultural inoculants. The growing interest in the application of Mortierella spp. is mainly due to the potential use of this genus in the increase of the nutrient uptake efficiency, positive effect in crop protection against adverse conditions, and reduction of chemical fertilizers and pesticides applied. Moreover, activities of Mortierella species selected from the wild or cultivated plants influence the soil microbiota and support the performance of the beneficial microorganisms enhancing significantly crop yield.
Evaluation of Italian and Spanish Accessions of Brassica rapa L.: Effect of Flowering Earliness on Fresh Yield and Biological Value
Authors: Cartea María Elena , Di Bella Maria Concetta , Velasco Pablo , Soengas Pilar , Toscano Stefania , Branca Ferdinando
Published: December 2020

A comparative study for evaluating Italian and Spanish accessions of Brassica rapa var. rapa L., including turnip greens and turnip tops, was carried out at different locations with a view to determine the effect of earliness on crop production, antioxidant activity, glucosinolates amount, and profile (GLSs) and total phenolics content. The accessions evaluated were represented by two turnip top local varieties (one Italian variety and a Galician one), four new synthetic varieties established by Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), and three commercial varieties widely used by growers in Galicia and in Italy. The results showed a great variability regarding flowering time, fresh and dry weight of the leaves and flower buds, and the branch number per plant. The highest turnip greens production was found in two synthetic varieties (“SIN07” and “SIN01”) for both countries. Local varieties “BRS550” and “CM39” were also suitable for turnip greens production in Spain and Italy, respectively. For turnip tops, the highest production was found for “SIN07” in Spain, for “CM39” in Italy and for “BRS550” in both countries. We found a high diversity in the total and individual glucosinolate, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity among genotypes, geographical origins, and the different parts of the plant (leaf and flower). Varieties “SIN01” and “SIN07” showed the highest values in total GLSs, total aliphatic and gluconapin contents in turnip greens followed by the two commercial varieties. For turnip tops, the highest values in gluconapin, aliphatic, and total GLSs contents were found in “SIN01” and “BRS550”. Even though different varieties stand out over the rest depending on the location, “SIN01”, “SIN07”, “CM39”, and “BRS550” could be recommended for turnip greens production because of its high antioxidant activity. The study showed that the latest varieties are more productive and show higher bioactive compounds than the earlier ones and that it is possible to improve genotypes for different growing cycles. Therefore, these varieties could be proposed for further breeding programs for B. rapa production.
Adaptation of Winter Barley Cultivars to Inversion and Non-Inversion Tillage for Yield and Rhynchosporium Symptoms
Authors: Newton Adrian C. , Hawes Cathy , Hackett Christine A.
Published: December 2020

Modern cereal cultivars are highly adapted to, and normally bred and trialled under, high input, high soil disturbance conditions. On-farm conditions are often suboptimal for high yield and frequently use minimal soil tillage, sometimes no-tillage, and therefore, cultivars may be differentially adapted to such conditions. We report a series of trials across 10 years comparing multiple cultivars within years and smaller numbers across years to identify stable cultivars showing preferential adaptation to different levels of soil tillage. Cultivars responded differentially to inversion and non-inversion tillage but were not affected by the level of cultivation within each of these tillage types. Yield declined over time but much more so in the non-inversion tillage treatment. Rhynchosporium symptoms were also increasingly suppressed in the non-inversion tillage type. Several cultivars were identified that showed strong adaptation to tillage type, and some of these were consistent across several trial years. These cultivars can be used to identify traits and genotypes associated with tillage adaptation to target breeding for on-farm conditions.
Implementation of Urban Green Infrastructures in Peri-Urban Areas: A Case Study of Climate Change Mitigation in Madrid
Authors: Gómez-Villarino María Teresa , Gómez Villarino Miguel , Ruiz-Garcia Luis
Published: December 2020

Urban areas are critical points that contribute to global warming and are also affected by climate change. One of the measures to move toward urban sustainability and to reduce the effects of climate change is the development of urban green infrastructures. Urban green infrastructures (UGIs) are being increasingly recognized as key providers of ecosystem services in cities, but there is still a lack of support from urban planners. We highlight the potential of urban green infrastructures for sustainable urban planning based on its capacity to mitigate climate change This paper studies the CO2 mitigation potential through a multi-intervention (agricultural and forestry) local case in the peri-urban surroundings of a big European city such as Madrid. We consider two inseparable aspects: the amount of atmospheric CO2-eq reduced through direct carbon uptake of the UGI and also the emission of greenhouse gases due to its implementation and maintenance. The analysis carried out has shown the benefits of urban green infrastructures and their contribution to the mitigation of climate change. The results demonstrate that the absorption capacity of the new urban green infrastructure is much greater than its ecological footprint. Therefore, it contributes to the mitigation of emissions from other urban activities, thus improving urban sustainability.
Advantage of including Genomic Information to Predict Breeding Values for Lactation Yields of Milk, Fat, and Protein or Somatic Cell Score in a New Zealand Dairy Goat Herd
Authors: Scholtens Megan , Lopez-Villalobos Nicolas , Lehnert Klaus , Snell Russell , Garrick Dorian , Blair Hugh T.
Published: December 2020

Selection on genomic breeding values (GBVs) is now readily available for ranking candidates in improvement schemes. Our objective was to quantify benefits in terms of accuracy of prediction from including genomic information in the single-trait estimation of breeding values (BVs) for a New Zealand mixed breed dairy goat herd. The dataset comprised phenotypic and pedigree records of 839 does. The phenotypes comprised estimates of 305-day lactation yields of milk, fat, and protein and average somatic cell score from the 2016 production season. Only 388 of the goats were genotyped with a Caprine 50K SNP chip and 41,981 of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) passed quality control. Pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction (PBLUP) was used to obtain across-breed breeding values (EBVs), whereas a single-step BayesC model (ssBC) was used to estimate across-breed GBVs. The average prediction accuracies ranged from 0.20 to 0.22 for EBVs and 0.34 to 0.43 for GBVs. Accuracies of GBVs were up to 103% greater than EBVs. Breed effects were more reliably estimated in the ssBC model compared with the PBLUP model. The greatest benefit of genomic prediction was for individuals with no pedigree or phenotypic records. Including genomic information improved the prediction accuracy of BVs compared with the current pedigree-based BLUP method currently implemented in the New Zealand dairy goat population.
Cranberry Extract for Symptoms of Acute, Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gbinigie Oghenekome A. , Spencer Elizabeth A. , Heneghan Carl J. , Lee Joseph J. , Butler Christopher C.
Published: December 2020

Background: Effective alternatives to antibiotics for alleviating symptoms of acute infections may be appealing to patients and enhance antimicrobial stewardship. Cranberry-based products are already in wide use for symptoms of acute urinary tract infection (UTI). The aim of this review was to identify and critically appraise the supporting evidence. Methods: The protocol was registered on PROSPERO. Searches were conducted of Medline, Embase, Amed, Cinahl, The Cochrane library, Clinicaltrials.gov and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. We included randomised clinical trials (RCTs) and non-randomised studies evaluating the effect of cranberry extract in the management of acute, uncomplicated UTI on symptoms, antibiotic use, microbiological assessment, biochemical assessment and adverse events. Study risk of bias assessments were made using Cochrane criteria. Results: We included three RCTs (n = 688) judged to be at moderate risk of bias. One RCT (n = 309) found that advice to consume cranberry juice had no statistically significant effect on UTI frequency symptoms (mean difference (MD) −0.01 (95% CI: −0.37 to 0.34), p = 0.94)), on UTI symptoms of feeling unwell (MD 0.02 (95% CI: −0.36 to 0.39), p = 0.93)) or on antibiotic use (odds ratio 1.27 (95% CI: 0.47 to 3.43), p = 0.64), when compared with promoting drinking water. One RCT (n = 319) found no symptomatic benefit from combining cranberry juice with immediate antibiotics for an acute UTI, compared with placebo juice combined with immediate antibiotics. In one RCT (n = 60), consumption of cranberry extract capsules was associated with a within-group improvement in urinary symptoms and Escherichia coli load at day 10 compared with baseline (p < 0.01), which was not found in untreated controls (p = 0.72). Two RCTs were under-powered to detect differences between groups for outcomes of interest. There were no serious adverse effects associated with cranberry consumption. Conclusion: The current evidence base for or against the use of cranberry extract in the management of acute, uncomplicated UTIs is inadequate; rigorous trials are needed.
In Escherichia coli Ammonia Inhibits Cytochrome bo3 But Activates Cytochrome bd-I
Authors: Forte Elena , Siletsky Sergey A. , Borisov Vitaliy B.
Published: December 2020

Interaction of two redox enzymes of Escherichia coli, cytochrome bo3 and cytochrome bd-I, with ammonium sulfate/ammonia at pH 7.0 and 8.3 was studied using high-resolution respirometry and absorption spectroscopy. At pH 7.0, the oxygen reductase activity of none of the enzymes is affected by the ligand. At pH 8.3, cytochrome bo3 is inhibited by the ligand, with 40% maximum inhibition at 100 mM (NH4)2SO4. In contrast, the activity of cytochrome bd-I at pH 8.3 increases with increasing the ligand concentration, the largest increase (140%) is observed at 100 mM (NH4)2SO4. In both cases, the effector molecule is apparently not NH4+ but NH3. The ligand induces changes in absorption spectra of both oxidized cytochromes at pH 8.3. The magnitude of these changes increases as ammonia concentration is increased, yielding apparent dissociation constants Kdapp of 24.3 ± 2.7 mM (NH4)2SO4 (4.9 ± 0.5 mM NH3) for the Soret region in cytochrome bo3, and 35.9 ± 7.1 and 24.6 ± 12.4 mM (NH4)2SO4 (7.2 ± 1.4 and 4.9 ± 2.5 mM NH3) for the Soret and visible regions, respectively, in cytochrome bd-I. Consistently, addition of (NH4)2SO4 to cells of the E. coli mutant containing cytochrome bd-I as the only terminal oxidase at pH 8.3 accelerates the O2 consumption rate, the highest one (140%) being at 27 mM (NH4)2SO4. We discuss possible molecular mechanisms and physiological significance of modulation of the enzymatic activities by ammonia present at high concentration in the intestines, a niche occupied by E. coli.
Serious Game as Support for the Development of Computational Thinking for Children with Hearing Impairment
Authors: Cano Sandra , Naranjo Juan S. , Henao Cristhiam , Rusu Cristian , Albiol-Pérez Sergio
Published: December 2020

Computational thinking (CT) has been a topic of interest in research, not only in the field of computer science, but also in education, since it allows the development of a set of competencies in the child related to problem-solving and decision-making. However, few studies on CT are focused on children with disabilities. Developing computational thinking skills for children with hearing problems is a challenge, even more so when their language skills are limited. Following a methodology for conception of serious games for children with hearing impairment called MECONESIS (Acronym in Spanish, MEtodología para CONcepción de juEgos Serios para nIños con discapacidad auditiva), we designed the serious game Perdi-Dogs for children between 7 and 11 years old with hearing impairment. We considered a set of aspects, such as challenges/learning, control, rules, feedback, interaction, rewards, surprise, communication/language, and fantasy. Perdi-Dogs involves both a physical and a digital interface, specifically a physical board together with digital interaction, by means of a QR (Quick Response) code and vibrotactile feedback system. Perdi-Dogs simulates a real environment, using physical elements able to interact simultaneously with technology. Evaluation was carried out with a group of seven children between 7 and 11 years old from the Institute for Deaf and Blind Children (Colombia). The results showed a high motivation to play for all of the children involved in the experiment.
Mechanical Behavior of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Lightweight Concrete Exposed to High Temperatures
Authors: Wang Huailiang , Wei Min , Wu Yuhui , Huang Jianling , Chen Huihua , Cheng Baoquan
Published: December 2020

The mechanical characteristics of steel fiber-reinforced lightweight concrete (SFLWC) under high temperatures are studied in this paper. Different concrete matrices, including all-lightweight concrete (ALWC) and semi-lightweight concrete (SLWC), and different steel fibers with hooked ends and crimped shapes are considered as objects. In addition, normal-weight limestone aggregates concrete (NWC), no-fiber ALWC, and SLWC were tested after high-temperature treatment as a control group. The temperature effects on the splitting tensile strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive stress–strain curve, elastic module, peak strain, and axial compressive strength of the SFLWC were investigated. The results showed that, with increasing exposure temperature, both the axial compressive strength and the elastic modulus decreased, while the axial peak strain has a certain increase, and hence the stress–strain curves were gradually flattened. The toughness of all the concretes increased first and then reduced with increasing temperature, while the specific toughness of all the concretes increased with the increase in temperature. Compared with NWC and SLWC, ALWC had a better capacity to resist high temperatures, especially temperatures > 400 °C. Adding steel fibers can improve the capacity of energy absorption, specific toughness, and residual splitting tensile strength of lightweight concrete (LWC) before and after it is exposed to high temperatures. Based on a regression analysis, a segmented constitutive equation for LWC and SFLWC under uniaxial compression was derived from fitting the experimental findings, and the fitting curve agrees well with the test results.
Ultrasound for Meat Processing: Effects of Salt Reduction and Storage on Meat Quality Parameters
Authors: Inguglia Elena S. , Granato Daniel , Kerry Joseph P. , Tiwari Brijesh K. , Burgess Catherine M.
Published: December 2020

Meat samples (Longissimus dorsi) were processed using an ultrasonic (US) probe system (20 kHz) and a US bath (33 kHz), in brine solutions of 15% NaCl or NaCl/KCl. Selected quality parameters, namely hardness (Warner–Bratzler shear force, WBSF), secondary lipid oxidation products (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARs) and total colour difference (TCD) were analysed at day 0 and day 60. Inoculated E. coli and L. innocua cells, total viable counts and lactic acid bacteria were also monitored for 60 days on meat stored at 4 and 10 °C. US brining could achieve a 25% sodium reduction in a shorter processing time. No changes were observed for WBSF and TBARs values; noticeable colour differences (ΔΕ > 5) were measured in US-treated samples at the end of storage. Whilst no differences were observed in the levels of inoculated and spoilage bacteria on the meat surface, a significant reduction in E. coli in the brine subjected to US treatment indicates the potential of US as a hurdle technology to prevent cross contamination during meat processing. These results suggest that US processing, in combination with KCl, could assist current sodium reduction strategies improving processing time. In addition, the potential effects for decontamination of brining tanks increasing the shelf-life of the brine and preventing processing losses are highlighted.
Load Transfer Efficiency Based on Structural Deflection Assessment of the Precast Floating Track
Authors: Vu Linh , Kang Yun Suk
Published: December 2020

In Korea, a precast floating track with anti-vibration isolators was recently developed to reduce the vibration and noise in urban railway stations, without disrupting train operations. This precast floating slab track is a newly developed structure and differs from existing conventional slab tracks. In this study, a Finite Element Method program (MIDAS CIVIL 2019) was used to analyze the load-carrying ability of structures under the train axle loads. After finishing the design, to understand more precisely about load transfer efficiency of this type of track, an assembly test (two load cases) was conducted with three precast panels (with rail 60 K mounted on) and compared with Finite Element Analysis results. The final results satisfied the test standards in Korea, which confirms that the precast floating track has an acceptable safety factor and structural behavior.
Graphical Analysis of Rollback Process in Ad Hoc Distributed Traffic Simulation
Authors: Suh Wonho
Published: December 2020

Recent advancements in sensor, mobile computing, and wireless communication technologies is creating new opportunities to effectively exploit real-time traffic data. Onboard vehicles collect, process, simulate traffic states in a distributed fashion and a local transportation management center coordinates the overall simulation with an optimistic execution technique. Such a distributed approach can provide more up-to-date and robust estimates with decreased communication bandwidth requirements and increased computing capacity. This paper proposes an online ad hoc distributed simulation. The physical operating platform for the model including operating system, communicational middleware, and traffic simulation model are described. Also, this paper investigates the analytical background of rollback process of the proposed ad hoc distributed simulation model. Flow rate diagram and cumulative number of vehicle diagram show that the overall system simulation speed and estimate accuracy may differ significantly as a function of the selected threshold.
Special Issue on “Advances in Organic Corrosion Inhibitors and Protective Coatings”
Authors: Kartsonakis Ioannis A.
Published: December 2020

This Special Issue collects new findings and recent advances in the development, synthesis, and structure–activity relationships of organic corrosion inhibitors and protective coatings.
NowDeepN: An Ensemble of Deep Learning Models for Weather Nowcasting Based on Radar Products’ Values Prediction
Authors: Czibula Gabriela , Mihai Andrei , Mihuleţ Eugen
Published: December 2020

One of the hottest topics in today’s meteorological research is Weather nowcasting, which is the weather forecast for a short time period such as one to six hours. Radar is an important data source used by operational meteorologists for issuing nowcasting warnings. With the main goal of helping meteorologists in analysing radar data for issuing nowcasting warnings, we propose NowDeepN, a supervised learning based regression model which uses an ensemble of deep artificial neural networks for predicting the values for radar products at a certain time moment. The values predicted by NowDeepN may be used by meteorologists in estimating the future development of potential severe phenomena and would replace the time consuming process of extrapolating the radar echoes. NowDeepN is intended to be a proof of concept for the effectiveness of learning from radar data relevant patterns that would be useful for predicting future values for radar products based on their historical values. For assessing the performance of NowDeepN, a set of experiments on real radar data provided by the Romanian National Meteorological Administration is conducted. The impact of a data cleaning step introduced for correcting the erroneous radar products’ values is investigated both from the computational and meteorological perspectives. The experimental results also indicate the relevance of the features considered in the supervised learning task, highlighting that the radar products’ values at a certain geographical location at a time moment may be predicted from the products’ values from a neighboring area of that location at previous time moments. An overall Normalized Root Mean Squared Error less than 4% was obtained for NowDeepN on the cleaned radar data. Compared to similar related work from the nowcasting literature, NowDeepN outperforms several approaches and this emphasizes the performance of our proposal.
Initiation and Propagation Processes of Internal Fatigue Cracks in β Titanium Alloy Based on Fractographic Analysis
Authors: Xue Gaoge , Nakamura Takashi , Fujimura Nao , Takahashi Kosuke , Oguma Hiroyuki
Published: December 2020

Uniaxial fatigue tests were conducted for a β titanium alloy Ti-22V-4Al up to a very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime. The initiation and propagation processes of the internal fatigue cracks were investigated using 3D fractographic analysis. Multiple facets were observed at the crack initiation site. Three facet initiation models were proposed based on the surface appearances and the 3D facet bonding patterns of the multiple facets, and the major facet was determined to be the true crack initiation site. Using the size of the major facet, a Tanaka–Akiniwa model, which can determine the material constants for the Paris law using only conventional fatigue tests, was applied to reveal the propagation process of the internal cracks. A reverse fatigue life prediction was also conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the material constants obtained using the Tanaka–Akiniwa model. When the facet initiation models were applied, the predictions showed less deviation and better agreement than when the facet initiation process was not considered. The findings of this study indicate that the formation of multiple facets in β titanium alloys is sequential rather than simultaneous.
In-Plane Heatwave Thermography as Digital Inspection Technique for Fasteners in Aircraft Fuselage Panels
Authors: Stamm Michael , Krüger Peter , Pfeiffer Helge , Köhler Bernd , Reynaert Johan , Wevers Martine
Published: December 2020

The inspection of fasteners in aluminium joints in the aviation industry is a time consuming and costly but mandatory task. Until today, the manual procedure with the bare eye does not allow the temporal tracking of a damaging behavior or the objective comparison between different inspections. A digital inspection method addresses both aspects while resulting in a significant inspection time reduction. The purpose of this work is to develop a digital and automated inspection method based on In-plane Heatwave Thermography and the analysis of the disturbances due to thermal irregularities in the plate-like structure. For this, a comparison study with Ultrasound Lock-in Thermography and Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometry as well as a benchmarking of all three methods on one serviceable aircraft fuselage panel is performed. The presented data confirm the feasibility to detect and to qualify countersunk rivets and screws in aluminium aircraft fuselage panels with the discussed methods. The results suggest a fully automated inspection procedure which combines the different approaches and a study with more samples to establish thresholds indicating intact and damaged fasteners.
Numerical Simulations of Novel Conning Designs for Future Super-Large Wind Turbines
Authors: Sun Zhenye , Zhu Weijun , Shen Wenzhong , Tao Qiuhan , Cao Jiufa , Li Xiaochuan
Published: December 2020

In order to develop super-large wind turbines, new concepts, such as downwind load-alignment, are required. Additionally, segmented blade concepts are under investigation. As a simple example, the coned rotor needs be investigated. In this paper, different conning configurations, including special cones with three segments, are simulated and analyzed based on the DTU-10 MW reference rotor. It was found that the different force distributions of upwind and downwind coned configurations agreed well with the distributions of angle of attack, which were affected by the blade tip position and the cone angle. With the upstream coning of the blade tip, the blade sections suffered from stronger axial induction and a lower angle of attack. The downstream coning of the blade tip led to reverse variations. The cone angle determined the velocity and force projecting process from the axial to the normal direction, which also influenced the angle of attack and force, provided that correct inflow velocity decomposition occurred.
Microbial Monitoring as a Tool for Preventing Infectious Risk in the Operating Room: Results of 10 Years of Activity
Authors: Masia Maria Dolores , Dettori Marco , Deriu Grazia Maria , Soddu Serena , Deriu Michela , Arghittu Antonella , Azara Antonio , Castiglia Paolo
Published: December 2020

Environmental microbial contamination in the operating room (OR) can favour contamination of the surgical wound, posing the risk of infection of the surgical site. Thus, environmental monitoring is a useful tool for assessing environmental health and the effectiveness and efficiency of the measures adopted to control the risk of infection in the OR. This work aimed to analyse the long term environmental quality of 18 ORs throughout Sardinia, Italy, through the quantitative and qualitative characterisation of the microbial flora present in the air and on surfaces, in order to evaluate the trend over time, including in relation to any control measures adopted. The results of the sampling carried out in the period from January 2010 to December 2019 have been extrapolated from the archive-database of the Laboratory of the Hygiene and Control of Hospital Infections Unit of the University Hospital in Sassari. During the period in question, 188 air evaluations were carried out, both in empty rooms and during surgery, and 872 surface samples were taken. When the air was monitored, it emerged that significant contamination was detectable in a reduced number of examinations and a limited number of rooms. Microbial load values higher than the reference values may have been mainly determined by sub-optimal operation/maintenance of the air conditioning system. Surface testing showed a good level of sanitisation, given the low percentage of non-compliant values detected. The possibility of having data available on environmental quality is a useful educational and training tool both for those responsible for sanitisation procedures and the surgical team, in order to increase awareness of the effects of a lack of compliance with behavioural standards.
Association between Dyslipidemia and Chronic Rhinosinusitis in a Korean Population
Authors: Wee Jee Hye , Min Chanyang , Park Min Woo , Byun Soo Hwan , Lee Hyo-Jeong , Song Chang Myeon , Park Bumjung , Choi Hyo Geun
Published: December 2020

This study aims to assess the relationship between chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and dyslipidemia in a Korean population. The population aged 40 years or over was selected from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort. CRS was defined if patients were treated ≥2 times with ICD-10 code (J32) and underwent head and neck computed tomography. Patients with CRS were classified as having nasal polyps (J33) or not. Dyslipidemia was defined if participants with the ICD-10 code (E78) were treated ≥2 times from 2002 to 2015. A total of 6163 patients with CRS were matched with 24,652 controls (1:4 ratio) for sex, age, income, and residence. The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of a previous dyslipidemia in patients with CRS were analyzed by conditional logistic regression analysis, adjusted for confounding factors. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was significantly higher in participants with CRS (26.1%) than in the controls (20.6%) (p < 0.001). There was a significant positive association between CRS with/without nasal polyps and dyslipidemia (aOR = 1.36, 95%CI = 1.26–1.47, p < 0.001). The association between CRS and dyslipidemia was stronger for CRS without nasal polyps (aOR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.28–1.57, p < 0.001) than for CRS with nasal polyps (aOR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.17–1.47, p < 0.001). All age and sex subgroups exhibited consistent results. A personal history of dyslipidemia was associated with risk of CRS regardless of total cholesterol and the use of statins.
On the Interactive Capacity of Finite-State Protocols
Authors: Ben-Yishai Assaf , Kim Young-Han , Oshman Rotem , Shayevitz Ofer
Published: December 2020

The interactive capacity of a noisy channel is the highest possible rate at which arbitrary interactive protocols can be simulated reliably over the channel. Determining the interactive capacity is notoriously difficult, and the best known lower bounds are far below the associated Shannon capacity, which serves as a trivial (and also generally the best known) upper bound. This paper considers the more restricted setup of simulating finite-state protocols. It is shown that all two-state protocols, as well as rich families of arbitrary finite-state protocols, can be simulated at the Shannon capacity, establishing the interactive capacity for those families of protocols.