bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crowdsourcing alcohol billboards in Kampala, Uganda: Examining alcohol advertisement violations
Authors: Swahn, Ph.D. Monica , Whitton Alaina , Kasirye Rogers , Robaina Katherine
Published: August 2024

Despite high levels of alcohol use in Uganda, there is a scarcity of research on alcohol marketing, its placement and content. In this field study we evaluated the content of alcohol billboards across Kampala, Uganda using the Alcohol Marketing Assessment Rating Tool (AMART). Of the 27 unique alcohol advertisements evaluated, the nine-member review panel found that 23 contained at least one violation yielding a violation rate of 85%. Given the high number of violations, our recommendation is that future alcohol billboard advertisements within Kampala be reviewed and approved by a governing body for compliance with alcohol advertisement standards.
Performance Evaluation of Rice Variety MTU 1281 through on Farm Trial in West Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Vinayalakshmi Podapati , Rao N. Mallikharjuna , Kumar G. Naveen , Rao T. Srinivasa
Published: August 2024

An on-farm trial was conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Undi in farmer’s fields of West Godavari district to evaluate the performance of rice variety MTU 1281 on yield and economics of Rice crop during the kharif season for two succeeding years 2022 and 2023. The results of the study revealed that MTU 1281 variety registered higher yield i.e., 7261, 7078 and 7170 kg/ha than MTU 7029 variety (6504, 6625 and 6565 kg/ha) during both the years of study and in pooled data as well. When compared to farmers' practice (Rs. 58,145 and Rs. 71,603/ha and 1.78:1, 1.98:1 during 2022–23, 2023–24, respectively) net returns and the B:C ratio were higher with MTU 1281 rice variety (Rs. 75,198 and Rs. 83,273/ha and 2.03:1, 2.16:1).
Optimizing Growth and Yield of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) Var. Neelam-61 through Integrated Use of Inorganic Fertilizers, Organic Manure and Rhizobium Inoculation
Authors: Sourabh  , Bharose Ram , Kumar Rajendra , Kumar Harsh , Tripathi Mudit , Kumar Sunil
Published: August 2024

Organic matter decomposition is beneficial to plant growth and development. However, the overuse of chemical fertilizers poses risks to environmental sustainability and long-term soil health. The integration of organic fertilizers, such as poultry manure, offers a promising solution to reduce dependency on chemical inputs while maintaining crop productivity. The field experiment was conducted at Research Farm of the Department of Soil Science, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj U.P during Kharif season of 2023. An experiment was conducted in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three levels of N:P:K, Poultry manure and two levels of Rhizobium inoculation. The seeds were treated with Rhizobium. Based on the experimental data, the application of 100% Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF), 100% Poultry manure and 100% Rhizobium inoculation not only resulted in maximum growth and yield attributes but also proved to be significantly superior to all other treatments.
Phytochemicals Analysis, In vitro Anti-plasmodium Activity of Delonix regia Bark and Carica papaya Leaf Extracts in Combination with Chloroquine
Authors: Omondi Robert , Wolfgang Mukabana , Lukhoba Catherine , Gathirwa Jeremiah W.
Published: August 2024

Background: The effectiveness of treating malaria may be jeopardized by artemisinin-resistant parasites. Pharmaceutical companies have been using plants for a very long time to generate the prototype molecules needed to treat Plasmodium infections.
Objective: To evaluate anti-plasmodial potency of extracts of Delonix regia and Carica papaya when used in combinations with chloroquine.
Methods: The plants were collected from Homa-Bay County in Kenya, dried under shade to a consistent weight, and then milled into a fine powder. Organic solvents were then used for extraction.  After phytochemical screening of the extracts was conducted, In vitro tests were done  on the extracts against Plasmodium falciparum, with a starting concentration of 100µg/mL. To prepare the test concentration ranges, the extracts were serially diluted 2-fold in growth medium. In a sealed gas chamber, the assay plates were incubated at 370C for 72 hours with 3% O2 and 4% CO2 with N2 as the balance.  By comparing each well's absorbance to that of a well that contained the drug-free control, the number of parasites still present at each concentration of the test substance were ascertained. Plotting survival against concentration enabled the determination of the IC50 values by a non-linear dose response curve fitting.
Results:  In this investigation, the extracts from Delonix regia showed significant synergism (based on IC50 shifts) with CQ for both the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts with the exception of the highest combination dosage.  Carica papaya extracts were much improved by the presence of CQ; however, this was not consistently reflected in the corresponding CQ IC50.  
Conclusion: The results of this study which revealed synergism between the study plants extracts and chloroquine, support the reasons why some traditional healers have started combining medicinal herbs with chloroquine to boost its potency.
Impact of Combinations of Diet and Larval Rearing Temperature on Duration of Larval, Pre Pupal and Pupal Stages of Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens L. (Stratiomyidae: Diptera)
Authors: Samsonvitty Buthuri , Anitha G. , V.Anitha  , Parameswari Y.S.
Published: August 2024

As the world’s population increases day by day, the amount of organic waste generated also increases posing huge great threat to mankind and the environment. The black soldier fly is known for its capacity to convert organic wastes to nutrient rich manure and in the process the larvae accumulate proteins from the wastes. Hence, the fly finds its place as an ingredient in poultry feed, animal/pet food and fish feed. Since the fly is reared commercially, studies on rearing conditions would help scientists and the industry. The present study was carried out in the Black soldier fly breeding laboratory in Agricultural Research Institute, Rajendgranagar, Hyderabad during 2023-24 with an aim to study the impact of diet and temperatures on the developmental periods of larvae, prepupae and pupae in a two factorial completely randomized design with four diets viz., chicken feed, sesamum cake, groundnut cake and Gainsville diet at five temperatures viz.,150C, 200C, 250C, 350C and 420C. Results revealed that diet and temperature had significant impact on durations of larva, prepupa and pupa and the interactions of diet and temperature were also significant. The Gainsville diet at 200C,250C and 350C recorded least larval duration while sesamum cake at 150̊C recorded longest larval and prepupal duration. Shortest pupal period was noticed in groundnut cake at 150C and longest pupal period in sesamum cake at 250C.
Optimization of Pruning Interval and Height for Better Growth and Loose Flower Production in Rose (Rosa gruss an teplitz) under Open Field Conditions
Authors: Kaur Gurveer , Kaur Arshdeep , Singh Ranjit
Published: August 2024

Aims: The present research was conducted in order to optimize the effect of pruning height and the time on the growth and flowering in rose under open field conditions.
Study design: The experiment was conducted using the factorial randomized block design (FRBD). It was laid out with 10 treatments using two pruning heights combined with five pruning times.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 2021-23.
Methodology: Two years old plants were used for the experiment. They were planted at spacing of 90 x 70 cm. They were pruned at two different heights (45 and 90 cm) and at five different pruning times (15th September, 15th October, 15th November, 15th December and 15th January) as per the treatments.
Results: During both years of trial, it was found that plants pruned at 90 cm height on 15th September exhibited better vegetative growth in terms of plant height (144.08 and 147.78 cm) and number of branches per plant (44.00 and 46.75) as well as earlier flowering in terms of minimum days to bud appearance (31.17 and 32.00 days) and to flower opening (45.16 and 47.00 days). The maximum flower diameter (7.27 and 7.31 cm) and flower weight (5.59 and 5.38 g) were obtained in plants pruned at height of 90 cm on 15th November. However, number of flowers per plant (362.33 and 366.00) and flower yield (1715.60 and 1719.90 g/plant) were recorded maximum at pruning time of 15th November at 45 cm pruning height.
Conclusion: The pruning done at 45 cm height on 15th November showed a significant influence in improving the flower yield of Rosa gruss-an-teplitz under open field conditions of Punjab.
Cogenetic late Pleistocene rhyolite and cumulate diorites from Augustine Volcano revealed by SIMS238U‐230Th dating of zircon, and implications for silicic magma generation by extraction from mush
Authors: Coombs Michelle L. , Vazquez Jorge A.
Published: November 2014

Augustine Volcano, a frequently active andesitic island stratocone, erupted a late Pleistocene rhyolite pumice fall that is temporally linked through zircon geochronology to cumulate dioritic blocks brought to the surface in Augustine's 2006 eruption. Zircon from the rhyolite yield a 238U‐230Th age of ∼25 ka for their unpolished rims, and their interiors yield a bimodal age populations at ∼26 ka and a minority at ∼41 ka. Zircon from dioritic blocks, ripped from Augustine's shallow magmatic plumbing system and ejected during the 2006 eruption, have interiors defining a ∼26 ka age population that is indistinguishable from that for the rhyolite; unpolished rims on the dioritic zircon are dominantly younger (≤12 ka) indicating subsequent crystallization. Zircon from rhyolite and diorite overlap in U, Hf, Ti, and REE concentrations although diorites also contain a second population of high‐U, high temperature grains. Andesites that brought dioritic blocks to the surface in 2006 contain zircon with young (≤9 ka) rims and a scattering of older ages, but few zircon that crystallized during the 26 ka interval. Both the Pleistocene‐age rhyolite and the 2006 dioritic inclusions plot along a whole‐rock compositional trend distinct from mid‐Holocene–present andesites and dacites, and the diorites, rhyolite, and two early Holocene dacites define linear unmixing trends often oblique to the main andesite array and consistent with melt (rhyolite) extraction from a mush (dacites), leaving behind a cumulate amphibole‐bearing residue (diorites). Rare zircon antecrysts up to ∼300 ka from all rock types indicate that a Quaternary center has been present longer than preserved surficial deposits.
A new mechanistic model to predict gas–liquid interface shape of gas–liquid flow through pipes with low liquid loading
Authors: Banafi Ahmad , Talaie Mohammad Reza
Published: November 2014

Devising a new mechanistic method to predict gas–liquid interface shape in horizontal pipes is concerned in this article. An experiment was conducted to find the pressure gradients of air–water flow through a 1‐in. pipe diameter. Comparing results of model with some experimental data available in the literature demonstrates that the model provides quite better predictions than existed models do. This model also predicts flow regime transition from stratified to annular flow better than Apparent Rough Surface and Modified Apparent Rough Surface models for both 1‐ and 2‐in. pipe diameters. The model also leads to reliable predictions of wetted wall fraction experimental data. Although one parameter of new model was evaluated based on air–water flow pressure loss experimental data for 1 in. pipe, it was considerably successful to predict pressure drop, liquid holdup, stratified‐annular transition and wetted wall fraction for other gas–liquid systems and pipe diameters. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 1043–1053, 2015
Synthesis of Acylphosphonates by a Palladium‐Catalyzed Phosphonocarbonylation Reaction of Aryl Iodides with Phosphites
Authors: Masuda Yusuke , Ishida Naoki , Murakami Masahiro
Published: November 2014

Acylphosphonates are conveniently synthesized from aryl iodides by a palladium‐catalyzed reaction with dialkyl phosphites under an atmospheric pressure of carbon monoxide. The reaction demonstrates the first example of the use of phosphorus nucleophiles in related metal‐catalyzed carbonylation reactions.
A new percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation technique for complex right ventricular outflow tracts: The “Folded melody valve”
Authors: Jalal Zakaria , Malekzadeh‐Milani Sophie , Hofbeck Michael , Al Najashi Khalid , Thambo Jean‐Benoit , Boudjemline Younes
Published: November 2014

Objectives

This article sought to describe a new modification of the Melody valve that allows percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) in complex outflow tracts.

Background

PPVI has been validated as a valuable therapeutic option for the management of patients with dysfunctional right ventricular outflow tracts (RVOT). However, complex and unfavourable RVOT anatomy continue to limit the indications for PPVI.

Methods

Between April 2012 and November 2013, PPVI was performed in 10 patients (mean age = 16, 3 ± 5 years old) using a new modification of the Melody® valve consisting in a manual shortening of the Melody by folding the two extremities of the stent. We reviewed the results of this technique.

Results

Indications were short RVOT in three patients, prevention of retrosternal compression in two patients, bioprosthetic valves in four and coronary arteries proximity in one. No complication occurred during procedures. All patients had excellent hemodynamic results [mean post PPVI RV–PA gradient was 14 ± 6 mm Hg, three patients had trivial pulmonary regurgitation (PR) and the remaining had no PR]. After a mean follow‐up of 11 months (range 5–21 months), no patient had reintervention. No valve dysfunction or stent fractures were observed. Conclusion: The “Folded valve technique” is a safe modification of the Melody valve. By shortening the valve, this technique allowed PPVI in short and complex RVOTs with vulnerable neighborhood. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Q18Mg6(B5O10)3(B7O14)2F (Q=Rb and Cs): New Borates Containing Two Large Isolated Polyborate Anions with Similar Topological Structures
Authors: Wang Zheng , Zhang Min , Su Xin , Pan Shilie , Yang Zhihua , Zhang Hui , Liu Lu
Published: November 2014

Two novel isomorphic borates, Q18Mg6(B5O10)3(B7O14)2F (Q=Rb and Cs), were synthesized from high‐temperature solutions. These borates are created from two kinds of isolated polyborate anionic groups, [B5O10] and [B7O14], and are further examples of two kinds of isolated polyborate anions coexisting in one borate structure. Although the title compounds are new structures, they are similar to the structures of the KBe2BO3F2 (KBBF) series of compounds, for example, Na2Be4B4O11 and γ‐KBe2B3O7, which can be regarded as the substitution of [BO3] and [B2O5]/[B3O6] groups with [B7O14] and [B5O10] groups, respectively. It is found that the coexisting BO groups tend to have similar structures. Also, the isolation of [B5O10] and [B7O14] in the title compounds mainly derives from the special role of magnesium tetrahedra, which has a similar role to that of the BeO4 tetrahedra in the KBBF series compounds. Electron‐density maps and bond‐overlap population (BOP) were calculated to illustrate this feature.
Chemical Energy Powered Nano/Micro/Macromotors and the Environment
Authors: Moo James Guo Sheng , Pumera Martin
Published: November 2014

The rise of miniaturized artificial self‐powered devices, demonstrating autonomous motion, has brought in new considerations from the environmental perspective. This review addresses the interplay between these nano/micro/macromotors and the environment, recent advances, and their applications in pollution management. Such self‐propelled devices are able to actuate chemical energy into mechanical motion in situ, adding another powerful dimension towards solving environmental problems. Use of synthetic nano/micro/macromotors has demonstrated potential in environmental remediation, both in pollutant removal and contaminant degradation, owing to motion‐induced mixing. At the same time, the chemical environment exerts influence on the locomotion of the motors. These sensitized self‐powered devices demonstrate capabilities for being deployed as sensors and their chemotactic behaviors show efficacy to act as first responders towards a chemical leakage. Thus, the notion of a self‐propelling entity also entails further investigation into its inherent toxicity and possible implications as a pollutant. Future challenges and outlook of the use of these miniaturized devices are discussed, with specific regard to the fields of environmental remediation and monitoring, as we move towards their wider acceptance. We believe that these tiny machines will stand up to the task as solutions for environmental sustainability in the 21st century.
Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Hybrid α/β‐Dipeptides Incorporating S‐Glycosyl‐β2,2‐Amino Acids
Authors: García‐González Iván , Mata Lara , Corzana Francisco , Jiménez‐Osés Gonzalo , Avenoza Alberto , Busto Jesús H. , Peregrina Jesús M.
Published: November 2014

We synthesized and carried out the conformational analysis of several hybrid dipeptides consisting of an α‐amino acid attached to a quaternary glyco‐β‐amino acid. In particular, we combined a S‐glycosylated β2,2‐amino acid and two different types of α‐amino acid, namely, aliphatic (alanine) and aromatic (phenylalanine and tryptophan) in the sequence of hybrid α/β‐dipeptides. The key step in the synthesis involved the ring‐opening reaction of a chiral cyclic sulfamidate, inserted in the peptidic sequence, with a sulfur‐containing nucleophile by using 1‐thio‐β‐D‐glucopyranose derivatives. This reaction of glycosylation occurred with inversion of configuration at the quaternary center. The conformational behavior in aqueous solution of the peptide backbone and the glycosidic linkage for all synthesized hybrid glycopeptides was analyzed by using a protocol that combined NMR experiments and molecular dynamics with time‐averaged restraints (MD‐tar). Interestingly, the presence of the sulfur heteroatom at the quaternary center of the β‐amino acid induced θ torsional angles close to 180° (anti). Notably, this value changed to 60° (gauche) when the peptidic sequence displayed aromatic α‐amino acids due to the presence of CH–π interactions between the phenyl or indole ring and the methyl groups of the β‐amino acid unit.
Revisiting Phosphorus Analogues of Phthalimides and Naphthalimides: Syntheses and Comparative Studies
Authors: Takeda Youhei , Nishida Takuya , Hatanaka Kota , Minakata Satoshi
Published: November 2014

A series of phosphorus analogues of aromatic‐fused monoimides (phthalimides and naphthalimides) bearing a mesityl group on the P center have been synthesized. In a comparison of their photophysical, electrochemical, and thermal properties with those of the corresponding imides, the impact of P incorporation was revealed. Furthermore, theoretical studies using DFT methods were conducted to understand their properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Transition at 360 K in the CaFe5O7 Ferrite: Toward a New Charge Ordering Distribution.
Authors: Delacotte C. , Huee F. , Breard Y. , Hebert S. , Perez O. , Caignaert V. , Greneche J. M. , Pelloquin D.
Published: November 2014

The title ceramic is prepared by solid state reaction of CaO, Fe2O3, and Fe in a ratio of 1:2:1 (alumina crucible, 1100 °C for 24 h and 900 °C for 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of the Oxometallates KBaMnO4 and KBaAsO4.
Authors: zur Loye Karl D. , Chance W. Michael , Yeon Jeongho , zur Loye Hans‐Conrad
Published: November 2014

Single crystals of the new compound KBaAsO4 are prepared from a mixture of As2O3, Ba(NO3)2, KOH, and H2O (autoclave, 230 °C, 24 h) and single crystals of KBaMnO4 are obtained from a mixture of Ba(OH)2, KMnO4, KOH, NaOH, and H2O (autoclave, 230 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Molten Salt Synthesis of Tin Doped Hematite Nanodiscs and Their Enhanced Electrochemical Performance for Li‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Jin Rencheng , Yang LiXia , Li Guihua , Chen Gang
Published: November 2014

Sn4+ doped Fe2O3 nanodiscs (5% Sn) are synthesized by the mixed molten salt method from mixtures of Fe(NO3)3, SnCl4, NaCl, and KCl (alumina crucible, 550 °C, 8 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Growth of Single Crystal SiP2 Using Flux Method.
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Wang Shanpeng , Ruan Huapeng , Zhang Guodong , Tao Xutang
Published: November 2014

Needle‐like crystals of a new orthorhombic phase of SiP2 are prepared from Si and red phosphorus in a Sn flux using Gd as a mineralizer (evacuated silica tube, 1123 K, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics: A Unique Crystal Transformation from a Uranyl Peroxo‐Nanocluster to a Nanoclustered Uranyl Polyborate.
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Bhadbhade Mohan , Price Jason R. , Karatchevtseva Inna , Collison David , Lumpkin Gregory R.
Published: November 2014

Reaction of UO2(NO3)2, NaOH, H2O2, and H3BO3 in aqueous solution leads to the formation of yellow crystals of Na14 [(UO2)(O2)1.5] 28·nH2O (I) at pH 8.5 within a few days, followed by transformation of (I) at room temperature to light yellow‐green crystals of Na6 [UO2{B16O24(OH)8}] ·14H2O (II) (<80% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Improved and Practical Synthesis of [2,4,5‐Tris(trimethylsilyl)phenyl](phenyl)iodonium Triflate and Utilization as a 1,4‐Benzdiyne Synthon.
Authors: Gondo Keisuke , Kitamura Tsugio
Published: November 2014

The new benzdiyne synthon is applied in the Diels—Alder reaction of furane and tetraphenylcyclopentadienone, for example, and for the synthesis of triazole derivative (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Nazarov Cyclization: Construction of Vicinal All‐Carbon‐Atom Quaternary Stereocenters.
Authors: Jolit Anais , Walleser Patrick M. , Yap Glenn P. A. , Tius Marcus A.
Published: November 2014

This asymmetric Nazarov cyclization procedure of fully substituted dienones provides cyclopentenones with vicinal quaternary stereocenters in high optical purity and as single diastereoisomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Reduction of α‐Keto Amides Using Nickel Catalysts.
Authors: Mamillapalli N. Chary , Sekar Govidasamy
Published: November 2014

Important α‐hydroxy amides or β‐amino alcohols are obtained by Ni‐catalyzed chemoselective or complete reduction of α‐keto amides using appropriate hydrosilanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Characterization and First Application of Silica Supported Palladium‐N‐heterocyclic Carbene as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for C—C Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Ghiaci Mehran , Zarghani Monireh , Khojastehnezhad Amir , Moeinpour Farid
Published: November 2014

The catalyst can be recycled and reused at least 5 times without a significant loss in activity.
ChemInform Abstract: tBu3P‐Coordinated 2‐Phenylaniline‐Based Palladacycle Complexes as Precatalyst for Pd‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of Aryl Halides with Polyfluoroarenes by a C—H Activation Strategy.
Authors: Zhang Hong‐Hai , Dong Jie , Hu Qiao‐Sheng
Published: November 2014

The reaction is applicable to a broad scope of functionalized aryl bromides, as well as aryl iodides, and chlorides to give high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Methods for the Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Alkynes: Oxidative Trifluoromethylation of Copper Acetylides and Alkynes.
Authors: Tresse Cedric , Guissart Celine , Schweizer Stephane , Bouhoute Yassine , Chany Anne‐Caroline , Goddard Mary‐Lorene , Blanchard Nicolas , Evano Gwilherm
Published: November 2014

Two complementary methods for the preparation of trifluoromethylated alkynes are presented and compared.
ChemInform Abstract: DABCO‐Mediated Isocyanide‐Based Multicomponent Reaction: Synthesis of Highly Substituted Cyclopentenes.
Authors: Wen Li‐Rong , Lan Ming‐Chao , Yuan Wen‐Kui , Li Ming
Published: November 2014

Aliphatic aldehydes such as butyraldehyde fail to give the desired products.
ChemInform Abstract: Stable Nickel(0) Phosphites as Catalysts for C—N Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Kampmann Sven S. , Sobolev Alexandre N. , Koutsantonis George A. , Stewart Scott G.
Published: November 2014

The new Ni‐catalyst is extremely effective in the amination reaction of various amines with arylchlorides and bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Continuous‐Flow Hydroxylation of Aryl Iodides Promoted by Copper Tubing.
Authors: Cyr Patrick , Charette Andre B.
Published: November 2014

The rapid syntheses are performed on a gram scale in a flow system.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One Pot Method for Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids from Nitriles Using Recyclable Ionic Liquid [bmim]HSO4.
Authors: Kumar Satyanand , Dixit Sandeep Kumar , Awasthi Satish Kumar
Published: November 2014

Nitriles are converted into carboxylic acids under mild conditions using [bmim]HSO4.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Method for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Fluorinated α‐Amino Acids from Alcohols.
Authors: Drouet Fleur , Noisier Anais F. M. , Harris Craig S. , Furkert Daniel P. , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: November 2014

The presented method provides access to a broad scope of enantioenriched aliphatic, benzylic, and pyridinyl‐substituted fluorinated α‐amino acids in a Mitsunobu‐Tsunoda reaction from a readily synthesized Belokon complex of glycine and fluorinated alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Ytterbium(III)‐Catalyzed Addition Reaction of Alkynyltrifluoroborate Salts to α‐Imino Esters: Efficient Synthesis of β‐Unsaturated α‐Amino Esters.
Authors: Stefani Helio A. , Manarin Flavia , Khan Amna N. , Vasconcelos Stanley N. S.
Published: November 2014

The advantages of the mild and efficient method for the synthesis of the title compounds are high yields, short reaction times, and efficiency with regard to the scope of the substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Oxidative Conversion of Alcohols into Nitriles by Using a TEMPO/PhI(OAc)2/NH4OAc System.
Authors: Vatele Jean‐Michel
Published: November 2014

The corresponding transformations of chiral starting materials proceeds without racemization.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐catalyzed Oxidative Csp3—H Methylenation to Terminal Olefins Using DMF.
Authors: Liu Jianming , Yi Hong , Zhang Xin , Liu Chao , Liu Ren , Zhang Guoting , Lei Aiwen
Published: November 2014

The corresponding direct oxidative coupling of chromane‐2‐one and N‐(2‐oxo‐2‐phenylethyl)‐phthalimide with DMF fails to give the desired products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Amino‐2‐aroyl/acetylnaphthalenes Through a Base Mediated One Pot Inter and Intramolecular C—C Bond Formation Strategy.
Authors: Singh Surjeet , Yadav Pratik , Sahu Satya Narayan , Althagafi Ismail , Kumar Abhinav , Kumar Brijesh , Ram Vishnu Ji , Pratap Ramendra
Published: November 2014

Electron donating or withdrawing substituents on the aryl ring of the acetophenones negatively affect the yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fluorenones Through Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Acylation of Biarylcarboxylic Acids.
Authors: Fukuyama Takahide , Maetani Shinji , Miyagawa Kazusa , Ryu Ilhyong
Published: November 2014

Independent from the applied method, transformation of the 4‐bromophenyl benzoic acid analogue of (I) proceeds sluggishly furnishing the corresponding product in low or trace amounts.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Carbapterocarpens by α‐Arylation of Tetralones Followed by One‐Pot Demethylation/Cyclization with BBr3.
Authors: Fernandes Talita de A. , Domingos Jorge L. O. , da Rocha Luiza I. A. , de Medeiros Sabrina , Najera Carmen , Costa Paulo R. R.
Published: November 2014

A two‐step route to 5‐carbapterocarpens, hydroxylated at different positions, is presented from tetralones and aryl bromides in good overall yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Pharmaceutically Important Fluorinated Benzo[b]furans.
Authors: Jain Meenakshi , Tiwari Anjali
Published: November 2014

All new fluorinated benzo[b]furans (II) (6 examples) show promising antibacterial and antifungal activities against S.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thieno‐Fused Heterocycles Through Reiterative Iodocyclization.
Authors: Aurelio Luigi , Volpe Rohan , Halim Rosliana , Scammells Peter J. , Flynn Bernard L.
Published: November 2014

A reiterative coupling consisting of an ethynyl methyl sulfide synthesis and a iodocyclization sequence is developed and gives access to valuable thieno‐fused heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Spirocyclic Oxindolo‐β‐lactams.
Authors: Zhang Han‐Ming , Gao Zhong‐Hua , Ye Song
Published: November 2014

The N‐heterocyclic carbene‐catalyzed Staudinger reaction of ketenes with isatin‐derived ketimines affords spirocyclic oxindolo‐β‐lactams in high yields and excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Iridium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of 2‐Methylindole Using Phosphite Ligands.
Authors: Lyubimov Sergey E. , Ozolin Dmitry V. , Davankov Vadim A.
Published: November 2014

A novel catalytic system for the hydrogenation of 2‐methylindole is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed C—H Silylation of 1‐Arylpyrazole Derivatives and Fluoride‐Mediated Carboxylation: Use of Two Nitrogen Atoms of the Pyrazole Group.
Authors: Mita Tsuyoshi , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Michigami Kenichi , Sato Yoshihiro
Published: November 2014

The two nitrogen atoms play a crucial role for the ortho‐directing effect of the pyrazole moiety in the formation of the intermediately generated silylated 1‐arylpyrazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Hetero‐ene Reactions of 5‐Methyleneoxazolines: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted Oxazole Derivatives.
Authors: Luo Weiwei , Zhao Jiannan , Yin Chengkai , Liu Xiaohua , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: November 2014

This new process proceeds under mild conditions, exhibits a broad substrate scope and functional‐group tolerance, and features good air and moisture tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Reactivity Mode for the Diazo Group: Diastereoselective 1,3‐Aminoalkylation Reaction of β‐Amino‐α‐Diazoesters to Give Triazolines.
Authors: Kuznetsov Alexey , Gulevich Anton V. , Wink Donald J. , Gevorgyan Vladimir
Published: November 2014

This method presents a novel mode of reactivity for the diazo group: an intramolecular aminoalkylation of β‐amino‐α‐diazoesters via a 1,3‐addition of a nucleophile and an electrophile to the diazo group yielding 1,2,3‐triazolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Unprecedented Conversion of (Z)‐3‐Chloro‐3‐arylacrylic Acids to Benzoic Acids: Synthesis of s‐Triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles.
Authors: Sahi Seema , Bhardwaj Madhvi , Paul Satya
Published: November 2014

Treatment of 3‐arylacrylic acids with POCl3 results in the formation of benzoic acids which undergo in situ condensation with triazoles (II) to afford triazolothiadiazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Induced Direct C(sp3)—H Difluoromethylation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines with the in situ Generated Difluoroenolates.
Authors: Li Weipeng , Zhu Xuebin , Mao Haibin , Tang Zhongkai , Cheng Yixiang , Zhu Chengjian
Published: November 2014

A new and efficient protocol to introduce difluoromethylene into nitrogen containing compounds is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Scandium‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization to Produce Cyclobutane‐Fused Tetrahydroquinoline, Chromane, Thiochromane, and Tetrahydronaphthalene Derivatives.
Authors: Nakano Shun‐ichi , Kakugawa Kazumi , Nemoto Tetsuhiro , Hamada Yasumasa
Published: November 2014

A direct access to compound (VIII) which bears the core skeleton of belaperidone by using the title reaction is also presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasound‐Assisted Synthesis of 6‐Methyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐N‐aryl‐2‐oxo/thio‐4‐arylpyrimidine‐5‐carboxa mides Catalyzed by Uranyl Nitrate Hexahydrate.
Authors: Venkatesan K. , Satyanarayana V. S. V. , Sivakumar A.
Published: November 2014

The reaction can also be run under conventional heating conditions resulting in longer reaction times and slightly lower yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Domino Reactions for the Efficient Synthesis of 5,6‐Dihydro‐1,4,2‐oxathiazines.
Authors: Vivek Kumar Sundaravel , Perumal Subbu
Published: November 2014

The synthesis of the title compounds from hydroxyarylimidoyl chlorides and 1,4‐dithiane‐2,5‐diol is proposed to proceed via [3 + 3] annulation of in situ generated 2‐mercaptoacetaldehyde and nitrile oxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Cembranoid‐Type Diterpenes from Red Sea Soft Coral Sarcophyton glaucum: Isolation and Antiproliferative Activity Against HepG2 Cells.
Authors: Al‐Lihaibi Sultan S. , Alarif Walied M. , Abdel‐Lateff Ahmed , Ayyad Seif‐Eldin N. , Abdel‐Naim Ashraf B. , El‐Senduny Fardous F. , Badria Farid A.
Published: November 2014

Three new cembranoids, sarcophytol (I), sarcophytolide B (II), and sarcophytolide C (III), are isolated along with three known metabolites.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Phenanthroindolizidine Alkaloids via Asymmetric Deprotonation of N‐Boc‐pyrrolidine.
Authors: Deng Meng , Su Bo , Zhang Hui , Liu Yuxiu , Wang Qingmin
Published: November 2014

A stereoselective synthesis of (+)‐antofine (I) and (+)‐14‐hydroxyantofine (II) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Calothrixin B and Its Analogues.
Authors: Saravanan Velu , Muthu Ramalingam Bose , Mohanakrishnan Arasambattu K.
Published: November 2014

The total synthesis of the title compounds is achieved from readily available 2‐methylindole in overall yields from 12 to 22%.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the Biphenyl Alkaloid (‐)‐Lythranidine.
Authors: Gebauer Konrad , Fuerstner Alois
Published: November 2014

The target compound is prepared in a longest sequence of 15 linear steps and approximately 5% overall yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Structural Revision of Sekothrixide.
Authors: Terayama Naoki , Yasui Eiko , Mizukami Megumi , Miyashita Masaaki , Nagumo Shinji
Published: November 2014

The first total synthesis of 14‐membered macrolide sekothrixide (I) including a revised configuration at the C4, C6, and C8 stereocenters is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Source‐Precursor Synthesis of Hafnium‐Containing Ultrahigh‐Temperature Ceramic Nanocomposites (UHTC‐NCs).
Authors: Yuan Jia , Hapis Stefania , Breitzke Hergen , Xu Yeping , Fasel Claudia , Kleebe Hans‐Joachim , Buntkowsky Gerd , Riedel Ralf , Ionescu Emanuel
Published: November 2014

Amorphous SiHfBCN ceramics are prepared from a commercial polysilazane (HTT 1800), which is modified by reactions with Hf(NEt2)4 and BH3·SMe2 (toluene, ‐50 °C for 2 h and 25 °C for 24 h), and subsequently cross‐linked (200 °C, 3 h) and pyrolyzed (1100 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Development of Metal Hydroxides as Electrode Material of Electrochemical Capacitors
Authors: Cheng J. P. , Zhang J. , Liu F.
Published: November 2014

Review: 296 refs‐ + subrefs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Polyoxometalates
Authors: Clemente‐Juan Juan M. , Coronado Eugenio , Gaita‐Arino Alejandro
Published: November 2014

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in High Temperature Permanent Magnetic Materials
Authors: Jiang Cheng‐Bao , An Shi‐Zhong
Published: November 2014

Review: focus on SmCo‐based magnets; 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances of Solid‐State NMR Studies on Zeolites
Authors: Li Shenhui , Deng Feng
Published: November 2014

Review: 203 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microflow Technology: Another Solution for the Site‐Selective Modification of Multifunctionalized Molecules
Authors: Fuse Shinichiro , Mifune Yuto , Tanabe Nobutake , Takahashi Takashi
Published: November 2014

Review: [18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Syntheses of Lyconadins: Finding Efficiency and Diversity
Authors: Yang Yang , Dai Mingji
Published: November 2014

Review: [21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Ionic Liquids: Synthesis, Properties and Applications
Authors: Santos E. , Albo J. , Irabien A.
Published: November 2014

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Uniqueness and Therapeutic Value of Natural Products from West African Medicinal Plants. Part 3. Least Abundant Compound Classes
Authors: Simoben Conrad V. , Ntie‐Kang Fidele , Lifongo Lydia L. , Babiaka Smith B. , Sippl Wolfgang , Mbaze Luc Meva'a
Published: November 2014

Review: 156 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Combined Fragmentation and Systematic Molecular Fragmentation Methods
Authors: Collins Michael A. , Cvitkovic Milan W. , Bettens Ryan P. A.
Published: November 2014

Review: 38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Overview of the Literature on the Synthetic Routes to Azolyloxadiazoles
Authors: Abdel‐Wahab Bakr F. , Mohamed Hanan A. , Khidre Rizk E. , El‐Mansy Mohamed F.
Published: November 2014

Review: [5 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Seven‐Membered S‐Heterocycles
Authors: Kaur Navjeet
Published: November 2014

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Reactions and Ultrasound: A Synergistic Approach for the Synthesis of Bioactive Heterocycles
Authors: Dandia Anshu , Singh Ruby , Bhaskaran Sumit
Published: November 2014

Review: 125 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Activation of Relatively Unstrained Carbon‐Carbon Bonds in Homogeneous Systems
Authors: Dermenci Alpay , Coe Jotham W. , Dong Guangbin
Published: November 2014

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclodepsipeptides: A Rich Source of Biologically Active Compounds for Drug Research
Authors: Sivanathan Sivatharushan , Scherkenbeck Juergen
Published: November 2014

Review: 137 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Allosamidin and Its Analogues
Authors: Huang Gangliang , Tang Qilin
Published: November 2014

Review: [synthesis of pseudo‐trisaccharide allosamidin]
ChemInform Abstract: Ferroelectric Control of Magnetism and Transport in Oxide Heterostructures
Authors: Huang Xin , Dong Shuai
Published: November 2014

Review: 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multivalent Inhibitors for Carbohydrate‐Processing Enzymes: Beyond the “Lock‐and‐Key” Concept
Authors: Gouin Sebastien G.
Published: November 2014

Review: [41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembly of Supramolecularly Engineered Polymers and Their Biomedical Applications
Authors: Wang Dali , Tong Gangsheng , Dong Ruijiao , Zhou Yongfeng , Shen Jian , Zhu Xinyuan
Published: November 2014

Review: 182 refs.
Prostate cancer collaborative stage data items—their definitions, quality, usage, and clinical implications: A review of SEER data for 2004‐2010
Authors: Schymura Maria J. , Sun Leon , Percy‐Laurry Antoinette
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND

Version 2 of the Collaborative Stage Data Collection System (CSv2) became effective with cases diagnosed in 2010. This report focuses on the CSv2 components required to derive the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage for prostate cancer and on the site‐specific factors for prostate cancer captured in CSv2. The report also highlights differences between the AJCC 6th and 7th editions for classifying prostate cancer stage.

METHODS

Data from 18 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program population‐based registries (SEER‐18) were analyzed for the years 2004‐2010, which included 400,591 prostate cancer cases.

RESULTS

CSv2 provides specificity with regard to the Gleason grading system by distinguishing between clinical and pathologic patterns and scores. The AJCC 7th edition incorporates prostate‐specific antigen values into staging, subdivides stage II into IIA and IIB, and reclassifies extraprostatic invasion with microscopic bladder neck invasion from T4 in the 6th edition to T3a; this latter change affected the AJCC stage of 283 cases in 2010. Of the 44,578 prostate cancer cases diagnosed in 2010 that would have been classified as stage II in the AJCC 6th edition, 32.7%, 27.5%, and 39.8% are classified as stages I, IIA, and IIB, respectively, in the 7th edition.

CONCLUSIONS

CSv2 provides more information than was previously available to researchers using SEER prostate data. The absence of a clearly defined clinical stage for each prostate case is the overriding limitation that researchers face in relying on Collaborative Stage information to analyze prostate cancer data. Cancer 2014;120(23 suppl):3758‐70. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Provider‐based research networks and diffusion of surgical technologies among patients with early‐stage kidney cancer
Authors: Tan Hung‐Jui , Meyer Anne‐Marie , Kuo Tzy‐Mey , Smith Angela B. , Wheeler Stephanie B. , Carpenter William R. , Nielsen Matthew E.
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND

Provider‐based research networks such as the National Cancer Institute's Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP) have been shown to facilitate the translation of evidence‐based cancer care into clinical practice. This study compared the utilization of laparoscopy and partial nephrectomy among patients with early‐stage kidney cancer according to their exposure to CCOP‐affiliated providers.

METHODS

With linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare data, patients with T1aN0M0 kidney cancer who had been treated with nephrectomy from 2000 to 2007 were identified. For each patient, the receipt of care from a CCOP physician or hospital and treatment with laparoscopy or partial nephrectomy were determined. Adjusted for patient characteristics (eg, age, sex, and marital status) and other organizational features (eg, community hospital and National Cancer Institute–designated cancer center), multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the association between each surgical innovation and CCOP affiliation.

RESULTS

During the study interval, 1578 patients (26.8%) were treated by a provider with a CCOP affiliation. Trends in the utilization of laparoscopy and partial nephrectomy remained similar between affiliated and nonaffiliated providers (P ≥ .05). With adjustments for patient characteristics, organizational features, and clustering, no association was noted between CCOP affiliation and the use of laparoscopy (odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81‐1.53) or partial nephrectomy (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.82‐1.32) despite the more frequent receipt of these treatments in academic settings (P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS

At a population level, patients treated by providers affiliated with CCOP were no more likely to receive at least 1 of 2 surgical innovations for treatment of their kidney cancer, indicating perhaps a more limited scope to provider‐based research networks as they pertain to translational efforts in cancer care. Cancer 2015;121:836–843. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Fast image enhancement based on color space fusion
Authors: Xiao Jinsheng , Peng Hong , Zhang Yongqin , Tu Chaoping , Li Qingquan
Published: November 2014

The current Retinex algorithm processes the RGB channels separately for color image enhancement. However, it changes the ratios of RGB components and also causes some serious problems, such as color distortion, color noise, and the halo artifacts. To solve these issues, we propose a novel algorithm based on color space fusion. The single scale Retinex with fast mean filtering is applied to the luminance component in hue‐saturation‐value (HSV) color space. An enhancement adjustment factor is introduced to avoid color distortion and noise amplification. Then, the surrounding function is replaced by a small scale Gaussian filter in RGB color space to eliminate the halo artifact. A parameter is involved to keep the color natural when the reflection is estimated. Finally, the enhanced color image is constructed from the weighted averaging results of these two steps. The subjective and objective evaluations of many different backlight images captured by different cameras are implemented to verify the validity of the proposed algorithm in our experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can not only significantly suppress the halo effect and noise amplification, but can also remove color distortion. Our proposed algorithm is superior to the multi‐scale Retinex with color restoration approach and other state‐of‐the‐art methods. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 22–31, 2016
Procedures manual can help navigate unexpected changes with ease
Authors: Gaddy Stephanie
Published: November 2014

Scenario: You are well‐versed in your field, feel confident in your work, are comfortable completing your daily tasks, and feel happy with the workings of your office. So while your office may lack a procedures manual, it may seem like creating one is an unnecessary task for such a well‐oiled machine. But then you get sick and need to take an extended leave of absence, leaving others to do tasks you usually perform yourself. Or a longtime staff member leaves, requiring you to hire and train a replacement.
Achieve greater career success with strategic planning
Authors: Santovec Mary Lou
Published: November 2014

This regular feature provides you with the guidance you need to help you sharpen your office management skills.
Investigating the Formation Mechanism of Arene Ruthenium Metallacycles by NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Garci Amine , Gupta Gajendra , Dalvit Claudio , Therrien Bruno
Published: November 2014

Invited for the cover of this issue is Bruno Therrien from the University of Neuchatel, Switzerland. The cover image uses the analogy of growing a plant in a pot to show the simple mixing of different building blocks in an appropriate solvent, followed by a germination period, before harvesting the resulting metalla‐assembly. Studying this “germination period” by NMR spectroscopy has thrown light on the formation mechanism, providing insight for the design of new arene ruthenium metalla‐assemblies.
Impacts of Shale Gas Advancements on Natural Gas Utilization in the United States
Authors: Liss William E.
Published: November 2014

Over the past six years, U.S. shale gas innovations have resulted in a transformation of the U.S. energy marketplace. The impact is initially taking hold in North America but will likely be experienced throughout the world over the next two decades. Shale gas effects were most immediately impactful in terms of natural gas supply and prices, with consumers benefitting from over $ 100 billion per year in energy cost savings. New gas supplies and lower prices have spurred a wave of demand responses in the industrial, power generation, transportation, and energy export sectors. The full implications of actions underway in each of these market sectors are still unfolding. The coming decade will afford greater insights on shale gas resource base estimates and marginal production costs and ultimately lead to better knowledge of where the longer‐term U.S. natural gas supply/price/demand equilibrium point may reside. Investors across these sectors are forging ahead with major plant and market development investments in anticipation that future natural gas prices remain attractive. These sectors are projected to add as much as 147 billion cubic meters of additional demand by 2025, led by liquefied natural gas exports and power generation.