bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resisting “Reason”: A Comparative Anthropological Study of Social Differences and Resistance toward Health Promotion and Illness Prevention in Denmark
Authors: Merrild Camilla Hoffmann , Andersen Rikke Sand , Risør Mette Bech , Vedsted Peter
Published: May 2016

Social differences in health and illness are well documented in Denmark. However, little is known about how health practices are manifested in the everyday lives of different social classes. We propose acts of resistance and formation of health subjectivities as helpful concepts to develop our understanding of how dominant health discourses are appropriated by different social classes and transformed into different practices promoting health and preventing illness. Based on fieldwork in two different social classes, we discuss how these practices both overtly and subtly challenge the normative power of the health promotion discourse. These diverse and ambiguous forms of everyday resistance illustrate how and when situated concerns move social actors to subjectively appropriate health promotion messages. Overall, the different forms of resistance elucidate how the standardized awareness and education campaigns may perpetuate the very inequalities they try to diminish.
The E3 SUMO ligase AtSIZ1 functions in seed germination in Arabidopsis
Authors: Kim Sung‐Il , Kwak Jun Soo , Song Jong Tae , Seo Hak Soo
Published: May 2016

Seed germination is an important stage in the lifecycle of a plant because it determines subsequent vegetative growth and reproduction. Here, we show that the E3 SUMO ligase AtSIZ1 regulates seed dormancy and germination. The germination rates of the siz1 mutants were less than 50%, even after a short period of ripening. However, their germination rates increased to wild‐type levels after cold stratification or long periods of ripening. In addition, exogenous gibberellin (GA) application improved the germination rates of the siz1 mutants to the wild‐type level. In transgenic plants, suppression of AtSIZ1 caused rapid post‐translational decay of SLEEPY1 (SLY1), a positive regulator of GA signaling, during germination, and inducible AtSIZ1 overexpression led to increased SLY1 levels. In addition, overexpressing wild‐type SLY1 in transgenic sly1 mutants increased their germination ratios to wild‐type levels, whereas the germination ratio of transgenic sly1 mutants overexpressing mSLY1 was similar to that of sly1. The germination ratios of siz1 mutant seeds in immature developing siliques were much lower than those of the wild‐type. Moreover, SLY1 and DELAY OF GERMINATION 1 (DOG1) transcript levels were reduced in the siz1 mutants, whereas the transcript levels of DELLA and ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3) were higher than those of the wild‐type. Taken together, these results indicate that the reduced germination of the siz1 mutants results from impaired GA signaling due to low SLY1 levels and activity, as well as hyperdormancy due to high levels of expression of dormancy‐related genes including DOG1.
A User‐centered Design for the Addition of Interactive Masking Capability within an existing Web GIS
Authors: D. Morgan John
Published: May 2016

This article presents a case study of how a user‐centered design (UCD) approach was utilized during the addition of interactive masking capability to an existing web‐based geographic information system (Web GIS). By analyzing and discussing specific aspects of the user‐developer dialog within the context of a Web GIS software development life cycle, this article presents a case study for similar systems. The results of the UCD methodology is a discussion that presents a shift from an initial design to a new design that, based on user feedback, furthers the utility and usability of interactive masking within the Web GIS.
Statistical Relational Learning of Grammar Rules for 3D Building Reconstruction
Authors: Dehbi Youness , Hadiji Fabian , Gröger Gerhard , Kersting Kristian , Plümer Lutz
Published: May 2016

The automatic interpretation of 3D point clouds for building reconstruction is a challenging task. The interpretation process requires highly structured models representing semantics. Formal grammars can describe structures as well as the parameters of buildings and their parts. We propose a novel approach for the automatic learning of weighted attributed context‐free grammar rules for 3D building reconstruction, supporting the laborious manual design of rules. We separate structure from parameter learning. Specific Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are used to generate a weighted context‐free grammar and predict structured outputs such as parse trees. The grammar is extended by parameters and constraints, which are learned based on a statistical relational learning method using Markov Logic Networks (MLNs). MLNs enforce the topological and geometric constraints. MLNs address uncertainty explicitly and provide probabilistic inference. They are able to deal with partial observations caused by occlusions. Uncertain projective geometry is used to deal with the uncertainty of the observations. Learning is based on a large building database covering different building styles and façade structures. In particular, a treebank that has been derived from the database is employed for structure learning.
The Impact of a Need for Closure and Support Quality on Verbal and Cognitive Brooding
Authors: Afifi Tamara D. , Merrill Anne , Davis Sharde , Denes Amanda , Coveleski Samantha
Published: May 2016

This study examined whether a need for closure explains why people verbally brood and whether the support received when they verbally brood during a conversation reduces anxiety and cognitive brooding afterward. In two studies, friends came into the laboratory and were randomly assigned to be a subject or confederate. The confederate was trained to provide “good support” or “poor support” to the subject who talked about a stressor he or she could not stop thinking and talking about recently with that friend. The overall models suggested that individuals were more likely to verbally brood when they had a higher need for closure and were more likely to feel better and positively reframe the stressor when the friend was supportive rather than unsupportive, which reduced anxiety. However, if individuals did feel better and/or positively reframed their stressor, even if they received “poor support,” it reduced their anxiety. Finally, positive reframing of the stressor, rather than simply feeling better, helped subjects reduce their cognitive brooding 20 minutes after the conversation.
Explaining Current Fertility Dynamics in Tropical Africa From an Anthropological Perspective
Authors: Korotayev Andrey , Zinkina Julia , Goldstone Jack , Shulgin Sergey
Published: May 2016

Tropical Africa is known to be lagging far behind the rest of the world in its fertility transition. Many attempts have been made to specify the factors responsible for its resistance to fertility decline; however, no systemic explanation of the mechanisms sustaining its high fertility has been presented in cross-cultural perspective. In this article, we show how a set of anthropological factors provides both social and economic foundations for the preservation of high fertility in tropical Africa. Cross-cultural tests imply that the most important obstacles to tropical Africa’s fertility transition are (a) a high ideal family size, (b) a large potential to absorb increases in the female labor force participation rate without any substantial decreases in fertility due to ample child care readily available through extended family structures, (c) a large potential to increase fertility at the early stages of economic development through the abolition of postpartum sex taboos, and (d) a low potential for increases in birth spacing to contribute to fertility decline. In the last section, we discuss how the results obtained could be useful for policy recommendations aimed at accelerating the fertility decline in tropical Africa, and mitigating the forecasts of explosive population growth.
The influence of media suggestions about links between criminality and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Brewer Neil , Zoanetti Jordana , Young Robyn L
Published: May 2016

We examined whether media reports linking criminal behaviour and autism spectrum disorder foster negative attitudes towards individuals with autism spectrum disorder. In a between-subjects design, participants were exposed to (a) a media story in which a murderer was labelled with autism spectrum disorder (media exposure condition) or not labelled with any disorder (control) and (b) an autism spectrum disorder-education condition attacking the myth that people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are likely to be violent criminals or a no-autism spectrum disorder-education condition. Participants attitudes towards three different crime perpetrators (one with autism spectrum disorder) described in separate vignettes were probed. The media exposure linking crime and autism spectrum disorder promoted more negative attitudes towards individuals with autism spectrum disorder, whereas the positive autism spectrum disorder–related educational message had the opposite effect.
Psychometric analysis of the Systematic Observation of Red Flags for autism spectrum disorder in toddlers
Authors: Dow Deanna , Guthrie Whitney , Stronach Sheri T , Wetherby Amy M
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of the Systematic Observation of Red Flags as an observational level-two screening measure to detect risk for autism spectrum disorder in toddlers when used with a video-recorded administration of the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales. Psychometric properties of the Systematic Observation of Red Flags were examined in a sample of 247 toddlers of 16- to 24 months old: 130 with autism spectrum disorder, 61 with developmental delays, and 56 typically developing. Individual items were examined for performance to create an algorithm with improved sensitivity and specificity, yielding a total Composite score and Domain scores for Social Communication and Restricted Repetitive Behaviors. Codes indicating clear symptom presence were collapsed to yield a count of the number of Red Flags for the overall scale and each symptom domain. Results indicated significant group differences with large effects for the Composite, both Domain scores, and Red Flags score, and good discrimination (area under the curve = 0.84–0.87) between autism spectrum disorder and nonspectrum groups for the Composite, Social Communication Domain, and Social Communication Red Flags score. The Systematic Observation of Red Flags provides an observational screening measure for 16- to 24-month-olds with good discrimination, sensitivity, and specificity. A cutoff of 20 on the Composite is recommended to optimally detect autism spectrum disorder risk.
Whether the Autism Spectrum Quotient consists of two different subgroups? Cluster analysis of the Autism Spectrum Quotient in general population
Authors: Kitazoe Noriko , Fujita Naofumi , Izumoto Yuji , Terada Shin-ichi , Hatakenaka Yuhei
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the individuals in the general population with high scores on the Autism Spectrum Quotient constituted a single homogeneous group or not. A cohort of university students (n = 4901) was investigated by cluster analysis based on the original five subscales of the Autism Spectrum Quotient. Based on the results of the analysis, the students could be divided into six clusters: the first with low scores on all the five subscales, the second with high scores on only the ‘attention to detail’ subscale, the third and fourth with intermediate scores on all the subscales, the fifth with high scores on four of the five subscales but low scores on the ‘attention to detail’ subscale and the sixth with high scores on all the five subscales. The students with high total Autism Spectrum Quotient scores (n = 166) were divided into two groups: one with high scores on four subscales but low scores on the ‘attention to detail’ subscale and the other with high scores on all the five subscales. The results of this study suggested that individuals from the general population with high Autism Spectrum Quotient scores may consist of two qualitatively different groups.
Geometry and visual realism of ship models for digital ship bridge simulators
Authors: Varela Jose Miguel , Guedes Soares C.
Published: May 2016

This article addresses the main requirements and the process of creating the geometry of ship models that fulfil the highly demanding request for realism and performance of the virtual environments currently used in modern ship bridge simulators. It starts with a classification of the ships based on their role in the simulation and on the type of simulator used, and defines the main characteristics of the models. It also discusses the importance of a well-defined workflow and its impact on the modelling time and on the quality of the final product. The article provides contributions in the following areas: identification of the main requirements of polygonal models of ships for ship simulators; effective workflow for ship three-dimensional modelling and identification of most suitable modelling techniques for efficient creation of ship models. The study is supported by real examples of three-dimensional modelling of ships with different sizes and characteristics currently used by the ship manoeuvring simulator in the Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering of the University of Lisbon.
Cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: assessment, management and next steps
Authors: Zegkos Thomas , Kitas George , Dimitroulas Theodoros
Published: May 2016

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality which cannot be fully explained by traditional CV risk factors; cumulative inflammatory burden and antirheumatic medication-related cardiotoxicity seem to be important contributors. Despite the acknowledgment and appreciation of CV disease burden in RA, optimal management of individuals with RA represents a challenging task which remains suboptimal. To address this need, the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) published recommendations suggesting the adaptation of traditional risk scores by using a multiplication factor of 1.5 if two of three specific criteria are fulfilled. Such guidance requires proper coordination of several medical specialties, including general practitioners, rheumatologists, cardiologists, exercise physiologists and psychologists to achieve a desirable result. Tight control of disease activity, management of traditional risk factors and lifestyle modification represent, amongst others, the most important steps in improving CV disease outcomes in RA patients. Rather than enumerating studies and guidelines, this review attempts to critically appraise current literature, highlighting future perspectives of CV risk management in RA.
The Effect of 7E Learning Cycle on Learning in Science Teaching: A meta-Analysis Study
Authors: Balta Nuri , Sarac Hakan
Published: May 2016

This article reports the results of a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of 7E learning cycle in science teaching. Totally 35 different effect sizes from 24 experimental studies, comprising 2918 students were included in the meta-analysis. The results confirmed that 7E learning cycle have a positive effect on students’ achievement. The overall effect size (Hedges’s g) value obtained from independent studies was calculated as 1.245 (% 95 CI, SE = .148) between confidence intervals 956 and 1.534 according to the random effects model. Among all effect sizes 32 had a positive effect whereas 3 of them had negative effect. A number of sub-group analyses (school level, type of publication, subject matter and duration) were conducted. The effect of 7E was not significant for school level, type of publication and duration. However, regarding the subject matter a significant difference was observed. The high effect size calculated in this meta-analysis implies that the 7E learning cycle is a useful strategy that should be included in science curriculums.
Student Perception of Academic Achievement Factors at High School
Authors: Bahar Mustafa
Published: May 2016

Measuring the quality of the ‘product’ is elemental in education, and most studies depend on observational data about student achievement factors, focusing overwhelmingly on quantitative data namely achievement scores, school data like attendance, facilities, expenditure class size etc. But there is little evidence of learner perceptions. 553 students from two different universities, who graduated from 3 high school types, were asked to respond to two fundamental questions to reflect on school and classroom level achievement factors. 2294 responses produced eight categories in question one, teacher factors being the most preferred (n=424), followed by individual factors (n=404) and then family factors (n=395). As for liking towards a course, 1362 responses were produced, most frequent one being teacher’s attitude (n=205). Results indicate student perspective of causes of achievement is somewhat different from those expressed in quantitative studies. Girls attributed more achievement to study habits, family support whereas boys attributed more to school and technology. More emphasis is needed on perceived achievement factors for a sound evaluation of effectiveness in school.
A Fifteenth-Century Sino-Tibetan Buddha Hall at the Lu Family Tusi
Authors: Campbell Aurelia
Published: May 2016

This paper focuses on Miaoyinsi, a Buddhist temple in Yongdeng County, Gansu province, at the Sino-Tibetan frontier. Miaoyinsi was constructed by the Mongolian Lu family, who governed this region beginning in the fifteenth century under the hereditary title tusi. Miaoyinsi's main hall is unusual architecturally because while it is primarily a traditional Chinese structure, a narrow corridor wraps around three sides of the building, a feature more commonly associated with the architecture of Tibet. This hybrid building type exists in several other temples within this border-land region and can be considered a local architectural response to Tibetan Buddhist ritual practices.
The Allegorical Landscape: Lang Jingshan's Photography in Context
Authors: Liu Mia Yinxing
Published: May 2016

This paper examines Lang Jingshan's landscape photography in its historical and political contexts. Tracing Lang's oeuvre from Shanghai to Chongqing to Taiwan, it also studies how the pictures were commissioned, made, and perceived. I argue that Lang's photographic art, often considered to be unoriginal and conservative or utopian escapism removed from reality, has in fact engaged with the political and historical turmoil of the times.
Solon’s Poetry and Herodotean Historiography
Authors: Chiasson Charles C.
Published: May 2016

In the programmatic counsel given to Croesus by the Athenian visitor Solon ( Hist . 1.29–33), Herodotus recasts central themes in the historical Solon’s poetry as the basis for his own reflections upon issues of ethnographic, historical, and historiographical importance. Herodotus develops the poet’s observations on the definition of wealth and our human inability to foresee the outcome of our actions in his representation of Croesus’ downfall, the relationship between Eastern and Western cultural values, and the difficulties faced by those (including the historian himself) who attempt to apply the lessons of the past to an uncertain present and an unpredictable future.
Towards a New Edition of Ovid’s Ibis
Authors: Keeline Tom
Published: May 2016

I show that the standard edition of Ovid’s Ibis , La Penna 1957, needs to be updated. Based on a fresh examination of the oldest manuscripts, my article demonstrates that La Penna’s tripartite stemma is untenable. A new bipartite stemma is proposed and justified, which results in a reappraisal of variants. I likewise show that a late humanist manuscript may preserve extra-stemmatic readings; these readings must be carefully considered. I also discuss some disputed passages, emendations, and interpolations, arguing for a more skeptical approach to the text. This article represents the necessary philological spadework for a broader project to reintegrate the Ibis into Ovid’s poetic corpus.
Dancing Trees: Ovid’s Metamorphoses and the Imprint of Pantomime Dancing
Authors: Lada-Richards Ismene
Published: May 2016

Abstract: This article argues that Ovid’s arborization narratives in the Metamorphoses would have been more meaningful, enjoyable, and rich for imperial readers able to visualize them off the page, against the cultural back-cloth of the contemporary stage, that is to say, the pantomime stage, where arboreal transformations were part of the routine repertoire of the star dancers. Ovid’s tales of tree-metamorphosis may well have been informed, even if subliminally, by his active recollection of or subconscious familiarity with real-life, danced choreographies for pantomimic transformations into trees.
Negotiated Sanctity: Incorruption, Community, and Medical Expertise
Authors: Bouley Bradford
Published: May 2016

Abstract: The incorruption of a saint’s body became a key miracle for Counter-Reformation saints, as it signaled their connection to God and therefore the correctness of the Catholic faith. Most canonized and many prospective saints in the seventeenth century were subjected to a posthumous medical examination. Competing local factors affected the process, including popular support for the prospective saint, the involvement of ecclesiastical and secular authorities, and the strength of the medical community. In the end, the attempt to make the miracle of incorruption a matter of medical opinion resulted in a negotiated truth about the state of the body.
Murder in the Refectory: The Death of António de Andrade, S.J.
Authors: Sweet Michael J.
Published: May 2016

Abstract: The poisoning of António de Andrade—rector of New St. Paul’s College, deputy of the Goa Inquisition, former Provincial of Goa, and the founder of the Jesuit mission in Tibet—presents a possibly unique documented instance of a prominent Jesuit murdered by his own subordinates in the Society of Jesus. After the event, a narrative developed that portrayed Andrade as a martyr whose zealous work for the Inquisition resulted in his assassination by a New Christian. The transcript of the Goa Inquisition’s inquiry into this matter provides persuasive evidence that the motive for the murder was personal animosity and that the perpetrators were disgruntled priests and brothers at the college. The author examines the evidence of the inquiry and traces the development of the hagiographic narrative of his death.
Hedonism and Natural Law in Locke’s Moral Philosophy
Authors: Rossiter Elliot
Published: May 2016

I argue that God’s providential arrangement of pleasure and pain, according to Locke, gives us insight into the ends that God has set for us. And insight into these ends ultimately gives us insight into the content of the natural law. Others have convincingly argued that the moral theory of Locke the hedonist and Locke the natural lawyer represent a coherent whole. The distinctive contribution that I make in this paper is to describe the indicative role that pleasure and pain play in the promulgation of the duties of the natural law.
Can TasP Approaches Be Implemented in Correctional Settings?: A review of HIV testing and linkage to community HIV treatment programs
Authors: Elkington Katherine S. , Jaiswal Jessica , Spector Anya Y. , Reukauf Heidi , Tesoriero James M. , Nash Denis , Remien Robert H.
Published: May 2016

High rates of HIV in correctional populations makes evaluation of programs that increase HIV testing in correctional settings and linkage to HIV treatment upon release, and understanding key implementation issues of these programs, essential to reducing new HIV infection. We conducted a systematic search for studies of outcomes or implementation issues of programs that promote HIV testing or that promote linkage to community HIV treatment post-release. Thirty-five articles met inclusion criteria: nine HIV testing initiatives and four linkage programs. HIV testing uptake rates were between 22% and 98% and rates of linkage to community treatment were between 79% and 84%. Findings suggest that some programs may be effective at reducing HIV transmission within the communities to which inmates return. However, attention to implementation factors, such as organizational culture and staff collaborations, appears critical to the success of these programs. Future research using rigorous design and adequate comparison groups is needed.
A Pilot Study of Rapid Hepatitis C Testing in Probation and Parole Populations in Rhode Island
Authors: Zaller Nickolas D. , Patry Emily J. , Bazerman Lauri B. , Noska Amanda , Kuo Irene , Kurth Ann , Beckwith Curt G.
Published: May 2016

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) affects between five and seven million individuals in the United States and chronic infection can lead to liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Probation/parole offices are a novel setting for rapid HCV testing, providing outreach to populations at increased risk for HCV infection and/or transmitting HCV to others. While some correctional facilities offer HCV testing, many individuals who present to probation/parole offices are never or briefly incarcerated and may not access medical services. We conducted a rapid HCV testing pilot at probation/parole offices in Rhode Island. Overall, 130 people accepted rapid HCV testing, of whom 12 had reactive tests. Only four of these individuals presented to a community-based clinic for confirmatory testing, despite being offered a monetary incentive. Identifying and addressing barriers to HCV confirmatory testing and follow-up care is critical to increasing the uptake of HCV care and treatment in this vulnerable population.
An Exploratory Study Examining Risk Communication among Adolescent Children, Their Incarcerated Mothers, and Their Caregivers
Authors: Robillard Alyssa G. , Holliday Rhonda C. , DeHart Dana D. , Lewis Kaleea , Rutherford Yamisha , Amutah Ndidi N.
Published: May 2016

Adolescent children of incarcerated mothers (ACIM) are typically left in the care of adults (primary caregivers) who play a crucial role in children’s care and guidance, as well as in the facilitation of contact and communication with incarcerated mothers. The purpose of this study was to explore the nature of relationships and communication among adolescent children of incarcerated mothers, primary caregivers, and incarcerated mothers using pilot data. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with youth aged 12–17 (n=7) and caregivers (n=6) recruited through a non-profit organization working with incarcerated mothers and their children. Incarcerated mothers and primary caregivers represent an important family unit for ACIMs and may play a role in preventing risk behavior. A conceptual framework is offered for further consideration of mother and caregiver communication with youth and youth risk.
African American Female Offender’s Use of Alternative and Traditional Health Services After Re-Entry: Examining the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Oser Carrie B. , Bunting Amanda M. , Pullen Erin , Stevens-Watkins Danelle
Published: May 2016

Abstract: This is the first known study to use the Gelberg-Andersen Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations to predict African American women’s use of three types of health services (alternative, hospitalization, and ambulatory) in the 18 months after release from prison. In the multivariate models, the most robust predictors of all three types of service utilization were in the vulnerable theoretical domains. Alternative health services were predicted by ethnic community membership, higher religiosity, and HIV/HCV. Hospitalizations were predicted by the lack of barriers to health care and disability. Ambulatory office visits were predicted by more experiences of gendered racism, a greater number of physical health problems, and HIV/HCV. Findings highlight the importance of cultural factors and HIV/HCV in obtaining both alternative and formal health care during community re-entry. Clinicians and policymakers should consider the salient role that the vulnerable domain plays in offender’s accessing health services.
Ethical and Social Issues in Health Research Involving Incarcerated People
Authors: Coughlin Steven S. , Lewis Sharon R. , Smith Selina A.
Published: May 2016

The use of inmates in research in the U.S. was restricted by the recommendations of the National Commission and by federal regulations and guidelines that followed. By the 1980s, many health care officials became concerned about the exclusion of inmates from experimental treatments for human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV). These developments in ethics occurred in the context of racial/ethnic disparities in health. In this article, ethical considerations in clinical and public health research on HIV in prison and jail settings are considered. Ethical considerations in mental health research are summarized as well as issues pertaining to research involving female inmates. Issues related to oversight of research involving incarcerated people are considered along with the ethics of public health research. The ethics of research involving incarcerated people extends beyond traditional issues in human subjects ethics to include issues within the domains of bioethics and public health ethics.
History of Sex Exchange in Women with a History of Incarceration
Authors: Noska Amanda J. , Roberts Mary B. , Sufrin Carolyn , Stein L.A.R. , Beckwith Curt G. , Rich Josiah D. , Dauria Emily F. , Clarke Jennifer G.
Published: May 2016

Sex exchange among incarcerated women is not well-described in the literature. Sex exchange can lead to numerous adverse health outcomes, especially when combined with individual factors (e.g., depression and homelessness) and larger systemic inequalities. The purpose of this study was to explore factors associated with having a history of sex exchange among a sample of incarcerated women. Of 257 women surveyed in this study, 68 women (26.5%) reported a history of sex exchange. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, physical abuse history (p=.05, OR 2.20), history of two or more sexually transmitted infections (p=.01, OR 2.90), injection drug use (p=.04, OR 2.46) and crack-cocaine use (p<.01, OR 3.42) were associated with prior sex exchange. This is one of only two studies to examine factors associated with prior sex exchange among incarcerated women. Our study has important implications for corrections providers to provide more comprehensive care, directly addressing the unique needs of this population.
Substance Use Correlates of Depression among African American Male Inmates
Authors: Holliday Rhonda Conerly , Braithwaite Ronald L. , Yancey Elleen , Akintobi Tabia , Stevens-Watkins Danielle , Smith Selina , Powell C. Lamonte
Published: May 2016

Substance use correlates of depressive symptoms among incarcerated adult male African American substance users were examined in the current study. Frequency of drug use was assessed with 12 items specific to an individual’s substance use. The Patient Depression Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess symptoms of depression. Approximately 90% of the sample displayed symptoms of depression ranging from minimal to severe. Regression models revealed that three substance use variables demonstrated a significant predictor of depression, including alcohol ( β = .16, p = .03), hallucinogens ( β =–.17, p =.021), and ecstasy ( β =–.14, p = .05). The study findings indicate a need to consider the role of specific substances with regard to symptoms of depression. The results are discussed in the context of transition planning for jail inmates.
Program Success of Mental Health Clients in Day Reporting Centers
Authors: McGregor Brian , Brown Eleanor , Yan Fengxia , Mitchell Crystal , Robinson Charles , DeGroot James , Braithwaite Ronald
Published: May 2016

Day-reporting centers (DRCs) provide programming for probationers with a history of non-compliant behavior related to substance abuse, who are overrepresented among justice-involved men and women. While evaluations of DRCs demonstrate some effectiveness, results are mixed and less is known about predictors of program success. This evaluation compared indicators of program success between adult offenders with a substance use disorder (n = 144) and those with co-morbid mental illness (n = 113) at three DRCs. Analyses examined differences between and within groups on program completion, personal characteristics and subjective measures of well-being. Results indicated that program completers were more likely to be participants with substance use disorders only and to have a drug-related referring charge. No significant differences between groups on most measures of well-being were observed. Future investigations should consider tracking program dropouts to better understand program attrition and explore readiness to change in treatment programming.
Babo’s Heterochronic Creativity
Authors: Ross Kelly
Published: May 2016

This essay examines the complex relations among multiple temporalities, including linear progressive time, recursive time, and messianic time, in Melville’s novella, “Benito Cereno.” I argue that Babo possesses an unusual type of intelligence, which I call “heterochronic creativity,” that enables him to recognize and manipulate other people’s temporal orientations (their beliefs about how time is experienced) in order to gain power. However, Babo’s temporal artistry does not guarantee freedom because it does not survive the encounter with the standardized time requisite to navigating at sea. Instead, the violent conflict at the conclusion of the novella’s first section produces a messianic temporality that Melville distinguishes from Christian eschatology and links instead to Islam. This islamicist time cannot be realized in the novella, but Melville exploits the longstanding association of American islamicism with prophetic projection to envision a future time when the problem of slavery might be differently resolved.
Failed Escape: Action and Avoidance of Responsibility in The English Patient
Authors: Palmer Cara E.
Published: May 2016

Abstract: In Michael Ondaatje’s The English Patient , Almásy attempts to remove himself from the world and the consequences of his actions by concealing his identity and hiding his personal history. However, the revelation of Almásy’s story drives the novel, pitting the reader’s desire for knowledge, furthered by the actions of Caravaggio, against Almásy’s desire for anonymity. As Jean-Paul Sartre argues, individuals must take responsibility for their choices because those choices have consequences. Drawing on Sartre’s insight, I explore Almásy’s culpability for his actions and denial of personal responsibility—and the culpability of those who force him to reveal his story.
Camus, Nietzsche, and the Absurd: Rebellion and Scorn versus Humor and Laughter
Authors: Gordon Mordechai
Published: May 2016

Abstract: In this essay, I compare Albert Camus’s conception of rebellion as a response to the absurd to Friedrich Nietzsche’s notion that humor can become rebellious and assist us in the struggle against nihilism. I show that Camus advocated rebellion as a response to nihilism and vehemently opposed the tendency to become hopeless or cynical. Unlike Camus, Nietzsche supported responding to nihilism with humor and laughter rather than with defiance or scorn. I conclude by examining the type of humor that is rebellious in nature, and show that it can assist us in the struggle against nihilism.
Reading Yeats: “The Fascination of What’s Difficult”
Authors: Brody Jules
Published: May 2016

Abstract: This article offers a new reading of Yeats’s “The Fascination of What’s Difficult.” Rather than speculate, as do the mainstream approaches, on possible allusions in the poem to Yeats’s life, career, and professional concerns, it argues that he is personally intrigued by the difficulties inherent in the poetic process itself, which he views as a challenge to his own creative powers. The poem, in short, is a performative show of Yeats’s virtuosity as a verbal artist.
Simone de Beauvoir’s Theory of the Novel: The Opacity, Ambiguity, and Impartiality of Life
Authors: Ong Yi-Ping
Published: May 2016

Abstract: Of all the existentialist philosophers, Simone de Beauvoir articulates the most compelling theory of the novel in light of her understanding of the relationship between literature and philosophy. Yet her critical work on the philosophical significance of novelistic realism have gone largely ignored by scholars, who consider her novels philosophical insofar as they explore existentialist themes and subjects. Beauvoir, in sharp contrast, argues that the form of the novel expresses metaphysical aspects of lived experience in essays such as “Literature and Metaphysics,” “An American Renaissance in France,” “What Can Literature Do?” and “My Experience as a Writer.”
“Sociable Wisdom”: Montaigne’s Transformation of Philosophy
Authors: Hartle Ann
Published: May 2016

Abstract: Montaigne’s last words in the Essays —the words that capture his entire project—are “sociable wisdom.” Philosophy has been transformed from the “love of wisdom” to “sociable wisdom” and this transformation is, at the same time, the transformation of the human world. What is “sociable wisdom” and how has it produced this remarkable effect? Sociable wisdom overcomes the classical distinctions between leisure and work, theoretical and practical, strong and weak, masters and slaves. In the same act, the philosopher both transforms philosophy and invents society. The essay is the perfect expression of sociable wisdom.
A Philological Reading of a Poem by Dylan Thomas
Authors: Brody Jules
Published: May 2016

This article offers a detailed analysis of an eight-line poem by dylan Thomas that has never before been addressed in the critical literature. it establishes intertextual connections between Thomas’s poem and christopher marlowe’s Jew of Malta and T. s. eliot’s “Portrait of a Lady,” and situates it in the literary tradition of the negative or inverted love story, to which such works as eliot’s “Love song of J. Alfred Prufrock,” Baudelaire’s Fleurs du mal , flaubert’s Education sentimentale , and erica Jong’s Fear of Flying , among others, all belong.
Dylan Thomas, “Twenty-four years”: A Philological Reading
Authors: Brody Jules
Published: May 2016

Abstract: On the occasion of his twenty-fourth birthday, Thomas engages in a witty, whimsical, and ironic reflection on the question of human mortality. In my analysis of this poem, I review the various rehearsals of the venerable meditatio mortis motif, from its biblical and classical origins to its modern manifestations in profane and liturgical literature.
Noble Savages and English Gardeners: Kulturkritik from Rousseau to Goethe
Authors: Kempf Franz R.
Published: May 2016

Abstract: The noble savage and the English gardener are oxymoronic articulations of a reconciliation of nature and culture that the eighteenth century celebrates and questions as a remedy for modern self-alienation. They are also anthropological and horticultural manifestations of the paradox of Kulturkritik . More than just a critique of culture, Kulturkritik is a mode of experimental thinking that, self-critically, acts out antithetical scenarios for the sake of finding ways to heal from culture through culture. To explore the aesthetically pleasing but illusionary panacea, this essay draws on Rousseau’s Discourses and Julie , Schiller’s Letters on the Aesthetic Education of Man , and Goethe’s Elective Affinities and Faust .
Escenografías autoriales en la escritura epistolar de Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda, 1839-1840
Authors: Salomone Alicia
Published: May 2016

This article focuses on Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda’s epistolary writing. The corpus is comprised of a series of letters, including the author’s Autobiografía , which were composed in Seville between 1839 and 1840, and later in Madrid between 1840 and 1854. In this article, I focus primarily on the earlier texts. All are addressed to Ignacio de Cepeda, a man with whom the author maintained a romantic friendship during different points of her life. In my reading, I identify the configuration of a Romantic feminine subjectivity that is torn between the active and desiring impulses associated with Romanticism, and the marginalizing socio-symbolic mandates that defined women as the “angel of the house” and curtailed her autonomy. I show how this subjectivity emerges from her affirmation of authorship and provides a channel for her voice. The author makes use of a genre that inevitably decenters the absolute masculine subject and installs an I/you dialogic relationship implicit in the genre’s structure. Moreover, the private letter’s intimate and emotional character allows the speaker to perform authorship for the masculine-other addressee without breaking the rules of acceptable behavior for upper class Spanish women.
Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda, la esfera pública y el abolicionismo: representaciones del sujeto esclavizado y la esclavitud caribeña en Sab
Authors: Maxwell Elsa
Published: May 2016

Abstract: This article examines the positioning of Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda and her first novel, Sab , in the early nineteenth-century literary public sphere. It studies the writer’s strategies to establish her work in a predominantly masculine literary field, as well as participate in one of the key debates of the period: slavery and abolition. At the same time, this essay analyzes the representation of enslaved subjects by offering a comparative reading of Sab and The History of Mary Prince , the narrative of an enslaved woman from the British Caribbean. This analysis aims to generate dialogue with recent critical readings that highlight Sab’s ambiguous position toward slavery, as well as problematize the (in)visibility of slave women in both texts.
The Reluctant Troubadour: Tracing the Oral Tradition in the Poetics of Juan Gelman
Authors: Nicholson Melanie
Published: May 2016

Abstract: Juan Gelman’s declared affinities with the Spanish mystic poets or with Sephardic texts, along with the titles of collections such as Traducciones, Notas , and Citas y comentarios , underscore the significant presence of the written tradition in his poetics. In this essay, however, I argue for the importance of the oral tradition in arriving at a fuller understanding of Gelman’s work. Many of Gelman’s poems have their roots in ancient expressive modes that connect poetry to song, lamentation, incantation or curse, modes that often operate in ways distinct from those of the written word. This line of inquiry leads us to reflect on oral poetry as a verbal act more commonly associated with a public voice than with a private one, given that orality implies by definition a communal exchange. In this paper I examine two particular manifestations of the oral tradition, the charm and the lament, in order to explore the complex relationships between orality and writing, and by extension, between the intimate and the communal voice in Gelman’s work.
It Came from California: The AIDS Origin Story in Spain
Authors: Allbritton Dean
Published: May 2016

Abstract: In 1981, a medical report was published that described the death of a Spanish man with symptoms of Kaposi’s sarcoma, an illness that was increasingly linked to AIDS. Two years later, other reports detailed the illnesses and deaths of two young hemophiliac brothers in Spain who died only months after receiving blood transfusions. This article analyzes the mediated response to these cases, along with the construction of an origins narrative around the outbreak of AIDS in Spain. The origins story created in this moment in Spain would determine not only the public reaction to the illness, but the legal and governmental response, in turn provoking a true crisis of modernity within Spain. By analyzing these first cases and their subsequent media coverage, this article examines the images and words that constructed a unilateral history of the origins of HIV/AIDS in Spain.
Preludios de la crítica literaria y feminista cubana: la apropiación del prólogo en Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda
Authors: Rothe Thomas
Published: May 2016

Abstract: This article focuses on Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda’s productivity as a literary critic in the prologues she wrote to introduce the work of her contemporaries. Through the analysis of two specific prologues, one for an autobiographical novel by the Condesa de Merlín and the other for a book of poems by Luisa Pérez de Zambrana, the article seeks to refute canonical interpretations of Avellaneda’s work since the nineteenth century on, which have disregarded her contribution of essays and critical texts as incidental facets in her career as a writer. This proposal begins by examining the restrictions placed on nineteenth-century Cuban women who sought to participate in literary criticism and the specific conflicts that surrounded Gómez de Avellaneda, mainly recognition of authorship and her commitment to the nation. From there, the article offers an analysis of both prologues, showing how the author discusses several taboo issues in nineteenth-century Cuba, such as the construction of a national imaginary from abroad and the intellectual and artistic equality of women.
Arte y nostalgia en la última novela de Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda
Authors: Alfaro José Antonio Cancino , Pérez Gabriela Flores
Published: May 2016

The following article analyzes the novel El Artista Barquero o los cuatro cinco de Junio (1861), the last and least-studied work of fiction by Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda. We interpret this work as a Künstlerroman where the painter Huberto Robert’s coming-of-age is represented in three stages of artistic development that coincide with those Avellaneda describes in her essay, Situación actual del Artista (1860). These three stages—the abandonment of manual labor, the presence of patrons, and the consolidation of art and commerce—involve on the one hand, an individual search for language and modes of artistic expression and, on the other, a broader reflection on nineteenth-century Hispanic culture. The article analyzes how this double articulation of the Künstlerroman is marked by a feeling of nostalgia for structures of patronage and a Cuba of the past, which corresponds to the author’s own nostalgia, having lived so many years in Spain, far from her native island. Through an oblique projection of her own authorial figure in the character of Huberto Robert’s character, Avellaneda seeks to reflect on her own artistic career and legitimate her position as author.
Language Use in Ethiopian Sign Language
Authors: Tamene Eyasu Hailu
Published: May 2016

Ethiopian Sign Language (EthSL) is one of the underresearched languages of Ethiopia although it is used by more than a million members of the Deaf community. Not much is known about the language, particularly its use and current status. In addition, its users within the Deaf community have begun addressing the issues of equality, participation, and rights. What is more, few people understand that the use of EthSL in all domains of public life helps the Deaf community to succeed in every aspect of life, especially in Deaf education. This article addresses several important questions: Who is using EthSL? In what environments are they using it? Do various circumstances affect the variety they use? In order to answer these questions, I selected a diversity of Deaf gathering sites throughout Ethiopia to investigate. Interviews were held with three types of subjects: Deaf students, teachers of Deaf children, and the parents of these youngsters. Finally, the information that was elicited on the use of EthSL was analyzed in the hope of answering the aforementioned questions.