bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validity and reproducibility of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for German descendants living in Brazil
Authors: CHIARELLI Graciella , HÖFELMANN Doroteia Aparecida , SILVEIRA João Luiz Gurgel Calvet da , ALVES Maria Urania , AZEVEDO Luciane Coutinho de
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT Objective This study evaluated reproducibility, relative validity, using a 24-hour recall questionnaire as a reference standard, and estimated calibration factors for a food frequency questionnaire adapted for use with German descendants living in Brazil. Methods The target population consisted of 50 volunteers, of both genders, aged over 20 years, living in a German colonization city in southern Brazil. The food frequency questionnaire was applied twice, in the first and third months of the investigation. During this period, three 24-hour recalls were applied, with an interval of one month between them. Reproducibility was estimated by the intraclass correlation coefficient. Validity was tested by the intraclass correlation coefficient, weighted kappa test and Bland-Altman method. Calibration factors were estimated using linear regression. Results Among the food frequency questionnaires, there was a strong correlation for energy and most of the nutrients corrected for energy. There was a weak correlation between a food frequency questionnaire and a 24-hour dietary recall. However, the exact concordance in the categorization in tertiles among the instruments ranged from 28% (vitamin A) to 52% (fiber and potassium). Gross values of the food frequency questionnaire were reduced with the calibration and approached the consumption data estimated by the 24-hour dietary recall. Conclusions The food frequency questionnaire showed good reproducibility, however, weak correlation with the 24-hour dietary recall. The calibration of the data obtained by the food frequency questionnaire brought them closer to the reference method.
Hypertension, lifestyle, and nutritional status of participants in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents in the Federal District
Authors: SOUSA Natália de Oliveira , OKAMURA Aline Bassetto , CARVALHO Kênia Mara Baiocchi de , DUTRA Eliane Said , GONÇALVES Vivian Siqueira Santos
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT Objective To estimate the prevalence of hypertension in participants of the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents in Federal District, Brazil, and to investigate the factors related to lifestyle and nutritional status. Methods Lifestyle, economic, and demographic variables were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. Anthropometric data and blood pressure measurements were collected according to a standardized protocol. Descriptive statistics was used to know the distribution of the investigated parameters in relation to the outcome. The association between hypertension and the variables of interest was investigated by hierarchical multivariate analysis using Poisson regression, considering p<0.05. Results We evaluated 2,646 adolescents with a mean age of 14.9 years. The prevalence of hypertension was 8.0% (95%CI 6.8-9.3). Studying in schools in the rural region (PR=2.1; 95%CI 1.4-3.3), having obesity (PR=4.0; 95%CI 2.5-6.3), male sex (PR=2.2; 95%CI 1.6-3.0) and age over 15 years (PR=1.4; 95% CI 1.0-1.9) were factors associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension. School feeding consumption was a protective factor (PR=0.7; 95%CI 0.6-0.9). Conclusions The prevalence of arterial hypertension was 8% and was associated with male sex, age at least 15 years, attendance in rural schools, and obesity. The consumption of school feeding was a protective factor.
Factors related to patient adherence to the use of new oral anticoagulants
Authors: Lima Paula Rocco Gomes , Gonçalves Gisele Mara Silva , Rodrigues Roberta Cunha Matheus , Oliveira-Kumakura Ana Railka de Souza
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize the self-reported adherence of patients with cardiovascular diseases to the use of new oral anticoagulants and to identify factors related to adherence to these drugs. Method: This is a descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study, carried out with outpatients. The collection of sociodemographic, clinical, and adherence data, through the Measurement of Adherence to Treatments, was made through telephone calls. Descriptive, correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses were used. Results: A total of 120 patients using new anticoagulants for 32.3 months, on average, participated in the study. More than half of the sample consisted of women, who were professionally inactive, with a mean age of 70.1 years and a mean family income of 6.7 minimum wages. The mean adherence score was 5.7, in a possible range between 1 and 6, indicating medication adherence. Inactive employment status, female sex, higher family income, and follow-up at a public outpatient clinic were related to greater adherence to these medications. Conclusion: The patients showed high adherence to new anticoagulants. Employment status, sex, family income, and type of outpatient follow-up were related to medication adherence, and should be considered in the design of interventions for this public.
As Bignoniaceae do Parque Estadual do Guartelá, Tibagi, Estado do Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Monzoli João Victor Longhi , Udulutsch Renata Giassi
Published: December 2021

RESUMO As Bignoniaceae reúnem 82 gêneros e cerca de 860 espécies, distribuídas principalmente pela região neotropical, sendo que o Brasil possui a ocorrência de cerca de 33 gêneros e 416 espécies. Uma vez que o Parque Estadual do Guartelá representa um importante remanescente dos Campos Gerais e que há poucos estudos sobre as Bignoniaceae na região sul do país, este trabalho objetivou contribuir para a caracterização de sua flora através da monografia para as Bignoniaceae ocorrentes na área. As coletas foram feitas ao longo de trilhas e estradas, bem como em incursões nos campos e florestas durante 12 meses. Adenocalymma, Amphilophium, Anemopaegma, Bignonia, Dolichandra, Fridericia, Handroanthus, Jacaranda, Mansoa, Pyrostegia, Tabebuia e Tynanthus foram os gêneros registrados, os quais totalizaram 18 espécies.
As 100 primeiras espécies de briófitas, com sete novos registros para o Sul do Brasil identificadas no Parque Estadual de Itapeva, Torres, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Dewes Talita da Silva , Peralta Denilson Fernandes , Bordin Juçara
Published: December 2021

RESUMO O Parque Estadual de Itapeva (PEVA) é uma Unidade de Conservação de proteção integral, localizada no litoral norte do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, cujo objetivo principal é a preservação de ecossistemas naturais de grande relevância ecológica e beleza cênica como dunas, banhados, mata paludosa e mata de restinga, remanescentes da Floresta Atlântica. Objetivando conhecer as briófitas existentes no PEVA foi realizado levantamento florístico através de caminhadas livres, resultando na identificação de 101 espécies, 46 gêneros e 31 famílias. Dentre as fitofisionomias amostradas, a floresta arenosa de restinga sobre afloramento rochoso foi a mais expressiva, com 70 espécies identificadas. Catorze espécies são novas ocorrências para o Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e entre essas, sete são novos registros para a região sul do Brasil. Os resultados indicam que o PEVA é uma importante área de conservação que preserva a biodiversidade demonstrando a necessidade de mais estudos florísticos no Estado, especialmente no Litoral.
Língua portuguesa como marca distintiva: uma escola de identidade timorense na ocupação indonésia
Authors: Ferreira Ângelo
Published: December 2021

Resumo Os timorenses lutaram durante 24 anos (1975-1999) contra a violenta ocupação indonésia e o esforço educativo para os indonesiar. Esta pesquisa, um estudo de caso sobre o Externato de São José (ESJ) para compreender o propósito de manter o ensino em língua portuguesa (LP), quando esta foi proibida e perseguida por atrasar a integração efetiva na Indonésia, segue uma metodologia qualitativa, sob o paradigma interpretativo. Para compreender com maior profundidade os objetivos da escola, decidiu-se ouvir os seus principais agentes e testemunhas privilegiados, realizando uma análise de conteúdo de dez entrevistas semiestruturadas com antigos estudantes, professores e membros da sociedade. A pesquisa reforça a ideia de que a identidade é sedutora, de que ela depende da adesão das pessoas e projeta a sua pertença a algo maior, a um povo com uma cultura singular, cujo idioma, em articulação com outros aspetos culturais, tem um papel decisivo. Os resultados mostram 124 ocorrências que evidenciam a intencionalidade da escola na promoção da LP como marca distintiva da identidade timorense, sendo destacada pelos entrevistados como essência dessa identidade, como rejeição da língua indonésia (LI) e da integração cultural ou como repositório da cultura timorense, de influência portuguesa ou latina. A valorização identitária consignada à LP, atribuída inclusive por pessoas com posições opostas sobre o estatuto político do Timor-Leste (pró-independência ou pró-integração na Indonésia), uniu a geração anterior educada em português e parte da juventude na luta pela independência, contrariando eventuais ambiguidades na sociedade timorense quanto ao estatuto da LP como língua oficial.
A imagem de afirmação positiva do ibero-ásio-afro-ameríndio na dimensão pedagógica do Cinema Negro
Authors: Prudente Celso Luiz
Published: December 2021

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é desenvolver uma reflexão sobre os aspectos concorrentes para a compreensão da imagem de afirmação positiva do afrodescendente como minoria ibero-ásio-afro-ameríndia. Observei na Chanchada uma tentativa de aviltação da imagem do africano, do ameríndio, do asiático e do ibérico, representando-os por meio de estereótipos de inferioridade. Isso foi feito num cinema de indústria, que atendia o colonialismo cultural em proveito do mito da superioridade do branco eurocaucasiano. Contrariando a Chanchada, o Cinema Novo, com influência marxista, foi uma crítica ao imperialismo americano com uma estética autoral que valorizava a cultura popular. Isso apontou para uma sintaxe cinematográfica que encontrou no negro seu referencial estético, na medida em que representava os traços proletários e seu desdobramento e, no caso do branco, a expressão burguesa e seu poder decorrente. Mostro no artigo que o Cinema Negro nasceu da realização glauberiana, elemento basilar também do Cinema Novo, que deu centralidade ao negro. É no Cinema Negro que o afrodescendente resgata a posição de sujeito histórico, como realizador. Demonstrei existir uma identidade lusofônica configurada na condição de vítima da eurocolonização, apontando para a lusofonia de horizontalidade democrática, que se estabelece numa luta de imagem ontológica contra a verticalidade da hegemonia imagética do euro-hétero-macho-autoritário, determinada pela força eurocêntrica da euroheteronormatividade. Esta investigação concluiu que existe uma dimensão pedagógica do Cinema Negro em que as minorias, numa perspectiva de contemporaneidade inclusiva, constroem o lugar de fala, mostrando à sociedade a superação do anacronismo excludente e ensinando como elas são e como devem ser tratadas.
Management of Adults with Newly Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation with and without CKD
Authors: Bansal Nisha , Zelnick Leila R. , Reynolds Kristi , Harrison Teresa N. , Lee Ming-Sum , Singer Daniel E. , Sung Sue Hee , Fan Dongjie , Go Alan S.
Published: December 2021

Significance Statement

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is highly prevalent in CKD and is associated with worse cardiovascular and kidney outcomes. However, data are limited on use of AF pharmacotherapies and AF-related procedures by CKD status. This paper examined a large “real-world” contemporary population with incident AF, and found that CKD severity was significantly associated with lower receipt of rate control agents, anticoagulation, and AF-related procedures. Additional data on efficacy and safety of AF therapies in CKD populations are needed to inform management strategies.

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is highly prevalent in CKD and is associated with worse cardiovascular and kidney outcomes. Limited data exist on use of AF pharmacotherapies and AF-related procedures by CKD status. We examined a large “real-world” contemporary population with incident AF to study the association of CKD with management of AF.

Methods

We identified patients with newly diagnosed AF between 2010 and 2017 from two large, integrated health care delivery systems. eGFR (≥60, 45–59, 30–44, 15–29, <15 ml/min per 1.73 m2) was calculated from a minimum of two ambulatory serum creatinine measures separated by ≥90 days. AF medications and procedures were identified from electronic health records. We performed multivariable Fine–Gray subdistribution hazards regression to test the association of CKD severity with receipt of targeted AF therapies.

Results

Among 115,564 patients with incident AF, 34% had baseline CKD. In multivariable models, compared with those with eGFR >60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, patients with eGFR 30–44 (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.91; 95% CI, 0.99 to 0.93), 15–29 (aHR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.82), and <15 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (aHR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.58–0.70) had lower use of any AF therapy. Patients with eGFR 15–29 ml/min per 1.73 m2 had lower adjusted use of rate control agents (aHR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.67), warfarin (aHR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.94), and DOACs (aHR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.27) compared with patients with eGFR >60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. These associations were even stronger for eGFR <15 ml/min per 1.73 m2. There was also a graded association between CKD severity and receipt of AF-related procedures (vs eGFR >60 ml/min per 1.73 m2): eGFR 30–44 ml/min per 1.73 (aHR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.87), eGFR 15–29 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (aHR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.88), and eGFR <15 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (aHR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.74).

Conclusions

In adults with newly diagnosed AF, CKD severity was associated with lower receipt of rate control agents, anticoagulation, and AF procedures. Additional data on efficacy and safety of AF therapies in CKD populations are needed to inform management strategies.
Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Approach for Hemangiopericytoma in Sellar Region: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: P Wang , J Wang , D Zou , J Pan , N Wu
Published: December 2021

Background: Hemangiopericytomas (HPCs) with aggressive behavior are rare in the central nervous system and extremely rare in the sellar region. Here we presented a clinical case of HPC in sellar region.
Gestión del Conocimiento en Universidades: Un Análisis Bibliométrico
Authors: Quintero Quintero Wilder , Garzón Castrillón Manuel Alfonso , Sotelo Barrios Mauricio Enrique
Published: December 2021

Este artículo tuvo como propósito fundamental realizar un análisis bibliométrico de estudios relacionados con la gestión del conocimiento en universidades a nivel global y en Colombia, utilizando las bases de datos Scopus y WOS, en el periodo entre 2000 y septiembre de 2021. Además, se analizaron los estudios empíricos más importantes en organizaciones educativas. Para ello, se utilizó el tipo investigación descriptiva con enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo fundamentado en el análisis de artículos científicos y de cifras sobre la evolución del volumen de publicaciones, autores, instituciones, y palabras claves más utilizadas. El estudio sobre la gestión del conocimiento en instituciones educativas se ha realizado principalmente a nivel global y en menor proporción en Colombia, donde existe un reducido número de publicaciones sobre el tema. Los hallazgos obtenidos demostraron que en Colombia se han realizado estudios principalmente en el sector empresarial con 315 publicaciones de las cuales solo 16 pertenecen a universidades. Las instituciones que más aportan son Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Universidad de Antioquia y Universidad Nacional de Colombia. De acuerdo con los resultados se argumenta que los estudios empíricos de gestión del conocimiento son muy escasos y más aún en universidades en Colombia.
“ ‘There Are No Roads Between Autumn and Snow' in Tomsk Province”: Roads; Means of Transport, and Features of Travel in Siberia in the Second Half of the 19th Century
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Morev Vladimir A. , Moreva Anastasiya V. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2021

The article examines the condition of roads in Siberia in the second half of the 19th century, identifies the related characteristics of the Siberian land vehicles and skills of coachmen obtained in the harsh climatic conditions, with enormous distances between stations and the need to spend long hours in transit. The sources for this article are travel notes and memoirs written at the end of trips. The work of the German geographer and ethnographer R. Andre, travel notes of the American J. Kennan deserve special attention. Among the works of domestic authors who passed through Siberia in the middle or at the end of the 19th century, the notes of the writer A.P. Chekhov, and of the merchants I. Zavalishin and N. Chukmaldin deserve attention. Documents of the State Archive of Tomsk Oblast (GATO), which contain information about the state of communication routes in Tomsk Province, are attracted for a more complete picture. Thus, the documents of the Fund “Tomsk Provincial Administration (1823-1916)” allow, in particular, tracking the passing travelers' reaction to the unsatisfactory condition of roads in Tomsk Province at the end of the 19th century. This article aims to summarize the facts that relate to the state of Siberian roads, land vehicles, skills of Siberian coachmen, as well as to identify the features of travel in Siberia in the second half of the 19th century. In the course of the study, the authors come to the following conclusions. The condition of roads generally did not satisfy people traveling through Siberian provinces. This was especially true during the off-season when the roads were heavily flooded and washed away by rain or meltwater. Our compatriots' negative comments on Siberian roads in general merge into the common chorus of complaints by foreign travelers. Although there were exceptions when both Russian travelers and foreigners praised the state of the roads in some provinces of Siberia, which was reflected in the archives and travel notes. In winter, the moving speed increased because the snow-covered roads were easier to move along on a sled. However, during severe frosts, there was a great risk of freezing on the road. Because of the harsher climate and the need to stay on the road longer than in the European part of Russia, it was necessary to use vehicles with design features that made them more stable in Siberia. The preparations of the coachmen and the coachmen's preparation of their horses for a long journey influenced its successful outcome. Coachmen had large energy expenditure and were to have endurance. Siberian coachmen maintained a high moving speed with the help of their horses. This fact surprised both Russians coming from the European part of Russia and, especially, foreigners.
Water quality trend analysis of Cheurfas II dam, Algeria
Authors: Rezak Salima , Rahal Farid , Bahmani Abdellah
Published: December 2021

The northwestern part of Algeria is characterized by a semi-arid climate which has created semi-permanent rivers and dams with low filling rates. It is important to preserve the water resource, which is becoming increasingly scarce. Additionally, it is worth indicating that the mobilized surface waters are continually under threat of significant organic pollution. Indeed, the dam of Cheurfas II, in the northwestern part of the country, is indicative of this situation. In order to establish a diagnosis of the state of the temporal evolution of water quality, time series of 11 variables indicating the presence of organic pollution in this dam were thus analyzed. The data collected were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test to look for significant trends and the Webel-Ollech test to detect the presence of seasonality. The results obtained showed increasing trends in dry residues, organic matter, phosphates and dissolved oxygen. However, variables like BOD5, COD and NO-3 showed decreasing trends. As for the variables NH+4, NO-2 and pH, they presented no trend. Finally, the water volume of the dam exhibited a significant increase. In addition, no seasonality was detected in the variables studied, with the exception of the PO43- time series and water volume. These findings indicate that the watershed of the dam received pollutants from different origins, in particular industrial pollutants. This makes water biodegradability difficult to achieve.
Human Rights in Times of the Pandemic: A Dialogue on Migration and Indigenous Rights in Brazil before the Regional Inter-American System
Authors: Leidens Letícia Virginia , Noschang Patricia Grazziotin
Published: December 2021

This paper using the deductive method of approach based on regional scope for the protection of human rights, aims to demonstrate that the Brazilian state actions took during the pandemic, in terms of strategies, policies and measures to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic had severe consequences specially for indigenous and migrants population in Brazil, increasing the level of vulnerability of that population in its territory. It will also consider that in spite of adhering the unconditional observance of inter-American and international standards on human rights, the Brazilian government ignored such agreements and therefore causing social economic losses and about hundreds of deaths.
Geriye Çömelme ve Kalça İtiş Egzersizleriyle Oluşturulan Aktivite Sonrası Performans Artışının İyi Antrene Erkek Sporcuların Dikey Sıçrama ve Sprint Performanslarına Etkilerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: YELEĞEN Barış , ÖZKAYA Özgür
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, geriye çömelme (GÇ) ve kalça itiş (Kİ) egzersizleri yoluyla

oluşturulan ön yüklerin yaratacağı aktivite sonrası performans artışının (ASPA)

dikey sıçrama ve sprint performansına akut etkilerini karşılaştırmaktır.

Çalışmaya vücut kütlesinin 1,5 katıyla GÇ egzersizleri uygulayabilen iyi antrene

12 erkek sporcu gönüllü olarak katılmıştır (yaş: 21,6±2,68; boy: 192±7,30 cm;

vücut kütlesi: 86,7±11,1 kg; vücut yağ oranı: % 8,7±3,6). Sporcuların dikey

sıçrama ve 30 metre sprint performansları GÇ ve Kİ ile oluşturulan ön yükler

uygulanarak ve uygulanmadan dört farklı günde ve çaprazlanarak

gerçekleştirilmiştir. GÇ ve Kİ uygulamalarında sporcuların 1 TM’nin %90’ı ile 5

set × 1 tekrarlık egzersizler kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; GÇ ile

oluşturulan ASPA sprint performansını anlamlı ölçüde etkilememiştir (p>0,05;

ES=0,40). Diğer yandan GÇ uygulamaları dikey sıçrama performansını anlamlı

ölçüde arttırmıştır (p=0,005; E S=1,02). Kİ ile oluşturulan ön yük sonrasında ise

ne dikey sıçrama ne de sprint performanslarındaki artış anlamlıdır (p>0,05;

ES=0,35; ES=0,09). Sonuç olarak, GÇ yoluyla oluşturulan ASPA, sporcuların

yalnızca dikey sıçrama performansı artışında etkili olmu ştur.
Water budget studies with a mesoscale primitive equation model with a convective downdraft
Authors:   , Doty Kevin Gah , Kreitzberg Carl William , Perkey Donald J.
Published: December 2021

In order to perform realistic water budget studies, a downdraft parameterization that included the effects of water loading, melting of ice, evaporation of precipitation, and entrainment was added to the Kreitzberg and Perkey (1976) cumulus parameterization scheme in the Drexel Limited Area Mesoscale Prediction System (LAMPS). Testing of the revised parameterization was done for a case during the Severe Environmental Storms and Mesoscale Experiment 1979 (SESAME '79) and for a case that was part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Atmospheric Variability Experiment IV (AVE-IV). Comparing the model simulations with observed precipitation for both cases revealed that the downdraft improved the location and magnitude of precipitation maxima. The downdraft reduced the convective heating and drying above cloud base and increased the convective cooling and drying below cloud base. Each 24-hour simulation was then used to perform atmospheric water budget experiments over two domains of the same size. One was over the Mississippi River Valley and the other was over the eastern United States and adjacent parts of the Atlantic Ocean. The LAMPS baseline data sets of horizontal resolution 70 km and saved every 20 minutes were then degraded in time and space to assess the impact on the calculation of horizontal water fluxes and local tendencies over the budget areas. Experiments were also performed with simulated rawinsonde data created from the LAMPS baseline data set and then reanalyzed to the 70-km grid for the same water budget calculations. Both the water vapor and wind fields were found to be important in the calculation of the horizontal water fluxes. The condensate portion of the total water contributed in the range of +/-5 W m-2 to the horizontal wall mass rates, but for specific cases contributed up to 20 W m-2 to the magnitude of the local tendency. For errors in the absolute net horizontal wall mass rate to be less than or equal to 12 W m-2 required data at a horizontal resolution of at least 210 km and a temporal resolution of 3 hours or more.
Uma tríade indissolúvel: neofalantismo, identidade e qualidade de língua
Authors: Vaqueiro Vítor
Published: December 2021

O seguinte artigo explora as relações entre qualidade de língua, identidade, norma linguística e neofalantismo desde o final da ditadura. A introdução visa a situação do galego nos anos 70 para mostrar o seu devalo nas relações familiares, vizinhais e religiosas. A segunda parte investiga a preparação do terreno por parte do franquismo para chegar em condições de vantagem ao processo da Transição, estabelecendo a fronteira entre o espanhol e as ‘demais línguas’, bem como as limitações impostas a estas. O terceiro bloco, núcleo do artigo, aponta à aparição do sujeito neofalante e, desenha as, a juízo, caraterísticas próprias do processo de neofalantismo: aposta, decisão, interpelação, tenacidade, confiança, concepção da política como a ‘arte do impossível’. Finalmente, o quarto tramo mostra as dificuldades que o sujeito neofalante deve encarar na sua nova atitude como são o tipo de língua, a confusão normativa, a dependência do espanhol favorecida pela norma RAG, a cumplicidade desleixada do governo galego e de amplos sectores em que mesmo se inclui uma parte dos defensores do idioma.
Legal challenges for the European Union concerning an international treaty on business and human rights
Authors: Blažo Ondrej , Máčaj Adam
Published: December 2021

Las violaciones de los derechos humanos perpetradas por empresas son una realidad que ha sido un tema de derecho internacional y órganos de los derechos humanos por un período considerable. A lo largo de los años, se contemplaron diversas propuestas e instrumentos de carácter diverso para la regulación de la conducta empresarial. Todos son objeto de un intenso escrutinio y se han convertido en elementos polémicos entre los Estados involucrados en las negociaciones. El único documento adoptado por consenso en las Naciones Unidas, los Principios Rectores sobre Empresas y Derechos Humanos, contiene reglas no vinculantes. Sin embargo, los intentos de producir un tratado internacional vinculante nunca cesaron y actualmente se debaten con una participación considerable de la Unión Europea (UE). El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el progreso en el marco de desarrollo de las relaciones de las actividades comerciales con los derechos humanos, considerar la participación de la UE y determinar si la UE puede seguir avanzando en el estándar de protección, especialmente si tiene competencia suficiente para concluir el posible acuerdo de empresas y derechos humanos y qué enfoques son viables para que la UE implemente dicho acuerdo en su ordenamiento jurídico.
Social Impacts of Tourism Perceived by Host Communities – A Review Paper
Authors: Baqaain Jumana , Suosheng Wang
Published: December 2021

This study aims to explore the major social impacts of tourism experienced by residents in different societies and of different cultural backgrounds as well as the managerial ramifications for future tourism development. It is a descriptive, literature-rich study that investigates fifteen case studies primarily focusing on the positive/ negative social impacts of tourism as seen by residents or local community, a review of the theoretical concepts related to the topic, and factors that cause the positive and negative social impacts.
Demiryolu Hizmetlerinin Özelleştirilmesine Dair Teorik Bir İnceleme
Authors: KARAGÖZ Berkan
Published: December 2021

Çalışma, demiryolu hizmetlerinin maliye teorisi açısından hangi kamusal mal özelliği taşıdığını araştırmakta ve söz konusu hizmetlerin nasıl özelleştirilebileceğinin yollarını aramaktadır. Devletin doğal tekel nedeniyle iktisadi regülasyonla yasal tekele dönüştürdüğü endüstrilerin rekabete açılması iktisadi kuramlara göre mümkündür. Bu durum, demiryolu hizmetleri için de geçerlidir. Buna bağlı olarak, demiryolu endüstrisi dikey ayrıştırmayla alt segmentlerine ayrılarak; doğal tekel niteliği taşıyan ray döşeme ve sinyalizasyon kurulum kısmı kamu tekelinde kalarak; diğer bölümlerin (yolcu ve yük taşımacılığı ile bakım-onarım işleri) serbestleştirilmesi mümkündür. Dikey ayrıştırmada, altyapı hizmetini kuran kuruluş kamu mülkiyeti devam ettirilerek, taşımacılık hizmeti sunan kısmı rekabete açılabilir. Yatay ayrıştırma yolu ise, demiryolu işletmeciliğinde iki nokta arasındaki birden fazla hatta rekabet yapılmasıdır ve genellikle yük taşımacılığında kullanılır. Yatay ayrıştırmanın bir türü olan varış noktası rekabetine göre, demiryolu işletmeciliğinde ülkeyi birden çok coğrafi yöreye bölerek, oluşan segmentlerin işletilmesinin özel firmalara bırakılması sağlanabilir
Tüketici Bakış Açısından Stratejik Marka Kavramları ve Marka Mimarisi Stratejileri Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir Alan Çalışması
Authors: ÇELİK Zübeyir
Published: December 2021

İlgili literatüre göre hem sayı hem de format olarak farklı marka mimarisi stratejileri vardır. Çeşitli özellikli ürünler için fonksiyonel, deneyimsel ve sembolik kavramlarla çeşitli marka mimarisi stratejilerini izlemek mümkündür. Bundan dolayı çalışmanın konusu ürün yelpazesindeki stratejik marka kavramlarına göre izlenen marka mimarisi stratejileridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ürünün fonksiyonelliğini, deneyimselliğini ve sembolizmini sunan öğelere göre ne tür marka mimarisi stratejilerinin izlendiğinin incelenmesidir. Anket yöntemi ile 247 katılımcıdan veri toplanmıştır. Araştırma hipotezlerini test etmek için tek yönlü ANOVA kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, tüketici açısından bakıldığında, ürün yelpazesi çeşitli sembolik ve deneyimsel stratejik marka kavramlarının bir kombinasyonunu içerdiği durumda, ürün ve hedef gruba özgü marka mimarisi stratejisinin izlendiği görülmektedir.
Kadınlara Karşı Ayrımcılığın Sosyal Kurumlar ve Cinsiyet Endeksi Temelinde İncelenmesi: Türkiye’nin AB Üyesi Ülkeler ile Bazı Orta Doğu Ülkelerine Göre Durumu
Authors: KOŞAR TAŞ Çiğdem
Published: December 2021

Çalışmanın amacı, kadınlara yönelik ayrımcılık açısından Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği üyesi ülkeler ile Orta Doğu ülkeleri arasındaki yerini Sosyal Kurumlar ve Cinsiyet Endeksi göstergelerine göre belirlemektir. Bu amaçla, ele alınan ülkeler kümeleme analizi yardımı ile Sosyal Kurumlar ve Cinsiyet Endeksi göstergeleri bakımından benzerliklerine göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan endeks, toplumsal kurumlarda kadınlara karşı yapılan ayrımcılığı temsil eden ailede ayrımcılık, sınırlandırılmış vücut bütünlüğü, üretken ve finansal kaynaklara kısıtlı erişim ve sınırlandırılmış sivil özgürlükler şeklinde dört adet göstergeden oluşmaktadır. Yapılan hiyerarşik kümeleme analizi sonucunda ülkelerin 3 kümeye ayrılmasına karar verilmiştir. Ardından yapılan k-ortalamalar kümeleme analizi sonucunda, coğrafi olarak Orta Doğu ülkeleri arasında yer alan Türkiye’nin, tüm AB üyesi ülkeler ile aynı kümede yer aldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Analizin sonraki aşamasında ise kümeleme analizinden elde edilen sonuçların doğruluğunu test etmek amacıyla diskriminant analizi uygulanmıştır. Diskriminant analizinden elde edilen sınıflandırma sonuçları incelendiğinde ülkelerin tamamının k-ortalamalar kümeleme analizi yöntemiyle doğru sınıflandırıldığı görülmektedir. Sonuçlar genel olarak değerlendirilecek olursa, elde edilen bulgular, kadınlara yönelik ortaya konan ayrımcılık konusunda Türkiye’nin Orta Doğu’da yer alan ülkeler kadar kötü durumda olmadığını ve bu anlamda AB üyesi ülkeleri yakaladığını ortaya koymaktadır. Ancak elde edilen sonuçlar hem Türkiye’de hem de AB üyesi ülkelerde cinsiyet eşitliğinin tam olarak sağlanamadığını da göstermektedir. AB üyesi ülkelerde de Orta Doğu ülkelerine kıyasla oldukça düşük düzeyde de olsa benzer sorunların yaşandığı görülmektedir. Kadınlar temel hak ve özgürlüklerine, sosyal kurumlar temelinde eşitsizliklerin altında yatan nedenler belirlendikten sonra, ekonomik yapının güçlendirilmesi, ailelerin ve kız çocuklarının eğitim düzeylerinin artırılması ve maruz kaldıkları haksızlıklara ve şiddete karşı yasal yaptırımların uygulanmasıyla sahip olabilecektir
Ekonomik Nabzı Tutmak: Türkiye’deki Makroekonomik Zaman Serileri İle Geliştirilmiş Bir Kriz Endeksi
Authors: DEMİRAĞ İsmet , SAĞIR Murat
Published: December 2021

Serbest piyasa ekonomisini tercih eden ülkelerde yaşanan ekonomik krizler, bu konu hakkında yapılan bilimsel çalışmaları arttırmıştır. Araştırmalarla birlikte krizle ilgili tanım, kavram ve sınıflamalar da artmıştır. Ekonomik krizlerle ile ilgili önemli alt başlıklardan biri de kriz sinyallerinin başarılı biçimde tespit edilmesidir. Bunun için ekonomik göstergeleri, istatistiksel modelleme teknikleri ile bir araya getirerek kullanmak mümkündür. Bu çalışma ile ülke ekonomisinin nabzını doğru şekilde tutmak ve olası bir krizi öngörebilmek için seçilmiş reel ve finansal değişkenlerle bir endeks kurmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda on üç seçilmiş değişkenin derlenen ve hesaplanan aylık verilerine Temel Bileşenler Analizi uygulanarak, beş temel bileşen elde edilmiştir. Bileşenlerin toplam değişkenliği açıklama oranı %79,9 olarak bulunmuştur. Beş temel bileşen, kendi varyans açıklama oranları ile ağırlıklandırılarak birleştirilmiş ve tek boyutlu kriz endeksi elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen endekse zaman serisi analizi uygulanarak öngörü yapılmıştır. Ayrıca En Küçük Kareler Tabanlı Kümülatif Toplam Kontrol Grafiği yöntemi ile endekste yapısal kırılmaların olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 2005 Ocak-2020 Mart tarihleri arasında Türkiye ekonomisinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı beş kırılma: 2007 Nisan, 2008 Aralık, 2010 Haziran, 2012 Temmuz ve 2017 Hazirandır. Endekste yaşanan kırılmaların bu tarihler doğrultusunda ekonomik ve siyasal gündemle ilişkileri incelenerek yorumlanmıştır.
İş-Yaşam Dengesinin İşe Tutkunluk Üzerine Etkisi: Yer Hizmetleri Çalışanları Üzerinde Bir Araştırma
Authors: KALKIN Gökdeniz
Published: December 2021

Hayat dengeler üzerine kurulu bir döngüden oluşmaktadır. İyi kurulan bir denge ise, bireyin hem sosyal hem de iş hayatında olumlu sonuçlar yaratmada kullanacağı kaynağı ifade etmektedir. Yapılan araştırma, bireylerin iş-yaşam dengesinin örgütler için önemli konulardan biri olan işe tutkunluk üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Bu kapsamda Türkiye’de A sınıfı ruhsatlı yer hizmetleri şirketlerinde çalışan işgörenlerden elektronik ortamda hazırlanan anketler yoluyla veriler (n=238) toplanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda işgörenlerin iş-yaşam dengelerinin işe tutkunlukları üzerinde pozitif yönde ve anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu görülmüştür.
Çevrimiçi Kimlik Hırsızlığı Korkusunun Çevrimiçi Gizlilik Endişesi ve Satın Alma Davranışına Etkisi
Authors: AKDENİZ Peruze Cansu , DURSUN Yunus
Published: December 2021

Çevrimiçi alışveriş sağladığı imkanlarla tarafların ilgi odağı konumundadır. Ancak, çevrimiçi alışveriş sırasında tüketicinin gerek çevresinden duyduğu gerekse maruz kaldığı çevrimiçi kimlik hırsızlığı durumları finansal ya da psikolojik kayıplar başta olmak üzere çeşitli mağduriyetlere neden olmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, tüketicilerin çevrimiçi alışverişe yönelik tutumlarında da değişim olabilmektedir. Bu sebeple, bu çalışmanın amacı, çevrimiçi kimlik hırsızlığı korkusunun çevrimiçi gizlilik endişesi ve çevrimiçi satın alma davranışı üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda, kolayda örnekleme yöntemine göre belirlenen 415 tüketiciye çevrimiçi anket uygulaması yapılmış ve elde edilen veriler yapısal eşitlik modellemesi aracılığıyla analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgularsa çevrimiçi kimlik hırsızlığı korkusunun çevrimiçi gizlilik endişesini artırdığı ve çevrimiçi gizlilik endişesinin de çevrimiçi satın alma davranışı üzerinde olumsuz bir etkisi olduğunu kanıtlar niteliktedir.
Al-Manhaj Al-Muqtarah Lita’lÎmillughah Al-‘Arabiyyah Lil Madâris Al-I’dâdiyyah Al-Islâmiyyah Al-Mukatsafah Bi Indûnîsiya
Authors: Ishomuddin Khaulah
Published: December 2021

The objective of this research is to design a proposed curriculum of Arabic teaching for Integrated Islamic Junior High School (SMPIT) in Indonesia. This research was conducted in SMPIT Al-Muchtar Bekasi, West Java. Meanwhile, the method employed in this research is descriptive qualitative analysis with data collection through observation, interviews, documentation, and field notes. The outcomes of this research entailed: 1) Lack of subject content, 2) Variation of teaching methods, 3) Lack of Arabic language coercion on students, 4) Weaknesses of students in Arabic grammatical learning.
Analisis Kesalahan Berbahasa dalam Ujian Nahwu Siswa Kelas VII MBS Ar Fachruddin Yogyakarta Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021
Authors: Wahidah Aliyatul
Published: December 2021

Ujian akhir semester merupakan salah satu tolak ukur pemahaman siswa terhadap suatu materi, dan tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa kesalahan-kesalahan seringkali terjadi ketika menjawab soal-soal tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis tentang kesalahan berbahasa dengan lingkup kesalahan penulisan dalam tipe soal pembuatan jumlah mufidah dengan studi kasus pada siswa kelas VII MBS Ar Fachruddin pada soal ujian akhir semester mata pelajaran nahwu guna memberi evaluasi untuk pembelajaran nahwu yang di semester selanjutnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menyertakan angka-angka sebagai penguat dalam kesimpulan. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah dokumentasi dan observasi. Sedangkan dalam menganalisis data digunakan metode Rusydi Ahmad Tha’imah yang meliputi tiga langkah: identifikasi kesalahan, deskripsi, dan klasifikasi kesalahan serta penafsiran dan penjelasan kesalahan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa diantara kesalahan-kesalahan yang sering terjadi antara lain: kesalahan struktural, kesalahan semantik, dan kesalahan dalam penulisan.
Investigación-creación e interdisciplinaridad
Authors: Ramírez Jefferson
Published: December 2021

Los procesos de creación en investigación-creación pueden abarcar múltiples temáticas y atravesar diversas disciplinas. Estos pueden ser abordados desde diferentes metodologías de investigación que incluyen distintas técnicas, experiencias, posibilidades plásticas y conocimientos e incluyen con aspectos como innovación, creatividad, intuición, sistematización, diálogo interdisciplinar, entre otros. Para Natalia Marín, diseñadora visual, especialista en Creación multimedia y magister en Estudios artísticos, los procesos de creación de la investigación-creación no se dan siempre bajo las mismas lógicas o de los mismos modos, sino que son procesos que obedecen a un contexto externo de la construcción de ese conocimiento, de investigación y a un proceso propio de quien crea.
Análisis crítico a la legislación internacional sobre libertad de religión
Authors: Jijón Giler Nicolás
Published: December 2021

Este estudio pretende señalar las falencias de la legislación internacional sobre el uso de los derechos religiosos; texto concebido como una llamada de alerta a las instituciones más relevantes de defensa de los derechos humanos, en pro de un sistema jurídico justo, globalizado y asequible a todas las minorías vulnerables; específicamente, a las personas y sus convicciones de fe, incluyendo el respeto ante la ausencia de ésta. En él se describe de manera crítica las normas internacionales relacionadas con las libertades religiosas, en su redacción, práctica y ejecución; se determina el grado de responsabilidad de cada actor, sea Estado o sociedad, en el uso de los derechos religiosos; y proponen las nuevas formas de cultivar la libertad de religión en regiones con récords de derechos humanos históricamente pobres.
Components of management technologies of the mechanism of sustainable innovative development of the national economy
Authors: Bugakova Maria S.
Published: December 2021

The article examines the components of management technologies for the mechanism of sustainable innovative development of the national economy. The purpose of the article is to highlight the basis and components of management technologies for the mechanism of sustainable innovative development of the national economy.As part of the management technologies of the mechanism of sustainable innovative development of the national economy, the study of the goals of sustainable innovative development of the national economy is substantiated. The basis for sustainable innovative development of the national economy is an innovative infrastructure, the institutions of which are able to qualitatively perform the function associated with the production and implementation of innovations. Despite the significant achievements of domestic economic science, the problem of defining management technologies for the mechanism of sustainable innovative development is very relevant. The market segment of the innovation infrastructure deserves special attention, since the innovation market in many areas of economic activity is underdeveloped. A characteristic feature of the innovation infrastructure is the lack of a clear management system for the process of innovative development of the national economy.As a result of the study, we proposed our own vision of a promising innovative infrastructure, which will allow us to implement the tasks of innovative development of the national economy. The innovation infrastructure of sustainable innovative development of the national economy should include institutions related to the production and implementation of innovation, and which are an integral part of the innovation process.
Russian economy innovative development scenarios
Authors: Vasyaycheva Vera A. , Sakhabieva Galina A. , Kovalenko Tatjana D.
Published: December 2021

The unfolding fourth industrial revolution sets global goals for the world community, requiring the implementation of systemic transformations in all spheres of human activity. Preparations for securing Russia's technological leadership began a long time ago. However, the measures being taken are not enough to build an integral innovation ecosystem, which would make it possible to organize at a high level the building up of innovative potential, its effective use and increase the country's competitiveness in a dynamically changing environment. The key problems of the shortage of expected effects include the lack of formation of the competitive market, the low potential of domestic research in the field of improving strategic planning and methodological tools for making managerial decisions, poor management at all levels of the production hierarchy, the low degree of interest of economic entities in innovative transformation and investment in changing organizational and managerial structures. The paper analyzes the scenario conditions that determine the formation of an innovative economy and the improvement of the country's rating at the global level. The main factors that maximally affect the resulting indicators of innovative activity are investigated. Predictive models of innovative development have been constructed depending on the intensity of changes in factors sensitive to variations in world trends. The need for a systemic restructuring of the traditional economic order is argued. Scientific and practical recommendations on increasing innovative activity and improving the digital culture of the subjects of the Russian economy, taking into account the existing opportunities and potential of world leadership, are proposed.
Development of innovative processes in integrated industrial structures (IPS)
Authors: Goman Kirill I.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this article is to analyze the problems of development of innovative processes in integrated industrial structures (IPS).The article considers approaches and methods that activate the development of innovative processes in the IPS. Special attention is paid to the consideration of issues reflecting the economic forms of integration of industrial enterprises: the processes of organizational transformation based on the creation and functioning of new production structures, involving the adaptation of their structural units to the development of innovative activities. Special attention is paid to the formation of the IPS as a promising form of management at the current stage of economic development. The paper analyzes the IPS as a factor of interaction and organization of effective activities of economic entities. The approaches of different authors to the definition of this term are shown. The author comes to the conclusion that the existing industrial environment contributes to the development of innovative activities of enterprises in the industrial sector, its definition is given, the essence and content are revealed. The author identifies and describes the characteristic features of integration processes, the main forms of integration are given, their content is disclosed. The author determines that the management of changes carried out in the development of integration processes is a separate type of innovative activity with its inherent features. Considerable attention is paid to the creation of cluster-network structures representing the development of integration processes in the industrial environment on the basis of network cooperation of participants. The definition of cluster-network integration of industrial sector enterprises has been put into circulation. It is shown that the formation and implementation of the activities of individual enterprises in the cluster gives a positive impetus to the entire innovation system through the mechanisms of networking and participation in technological platforms.
Internet jako źródło informacji na temat zaburzeń ze spektrum autyzmu w opinii terapeutów i rodziców
Authors: Zielińska Jolanta
Published: December 2021

W artykule przedstawiono podstawy metodologii badań własnych opinii terapeutów i rodziców dzieci z zaburzeniami ze spektrum autyzmu na temat Internetu jako źródła informacji o tym zaburzeniu rozwojowym. Przeprowadzono dyskusję uzyskanych najważniejszych wyników i wniosków oraz przedstawiono postulaty dla praktyki. Jako wprowadzenie do badań zamieszczono krótką charakterystykę Internetu jako źródła informacji oraz zaburzeń ze spektrum autyzmu w świetle literatury przedmiotu.