bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Potential of Thymus Sipyleus Boiss. Subsp. Rosulans (Borbas) Jalas
Authors: Ustuner Oya , Anlas Ceren , Bakirel Tulay , Ustun-Alkan Fulya , Diren Sigirci Belgi , Ak Seyyal , Akpulat Huseyin Askin , Donmez Ceylan , Koca-Caliskan Ufuk
Published: September 2019

Thymus sipyleus Boiss. subsp. rosulans (Borbas) Jalas (TS) is a commonly used plant in the treatment of various complaints, including skin wounds in Turkish folk medicine. Despite the widespread traditional use of TS, there is not any scientific report confirming the effectiveness of this plant on the healing process. This research aimed to investigate the effects of different extracts obtained from TS on biological events during wound healing, on a cellular basis. In this context, proliferative activities of the extracts, as well as the effects on wound closure and hydroxyproline synthesis, were determined. In addition to wound healing properties, the antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts were evaluated. Decoction (D) and infusion (I) extracts contained the highest amount of phenolic content and showed the most potent activity against DPPH radical. All extracts exhibited complete protection against the damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by increasing cell viability compared to only H2O2-treated groups, both in co-treatment and pre-treatment protocols. None of the extracts exhibited cytotoxic activity, and most of the extracts from the TS stimulated fibroblast proliferation and migration. All TS extracts exert anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the overproduction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO). The most pronounced activity on hydroxyproline synthesis was observed in D extract. In summary, it was observed that TS extracts can promote the healing process by enhancing fibroblast migration, proliferation and collagen synthesis as well as suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines. The obtained data in this work support the traditional use of TS as a valuable plant-based compound for the treatment of wounds.
Improved Production and In Situ Recovery of Sesquiterpene (+)-Zizaene from Metabolically-Engineered E. coli
Authors: Aguilar Francisco , Scheper Thomas , Beutel Sascha
Published: September 2019

The sesquiterpene (+)-zizaene is the direct precursor of khusimol, the main fragrant compound of the vetiver essential oil from Chrysopogon zizanioides and used in nearly 20% of men’s fine perfumery. The biotechnological production of such fragrant sesquiterpenes is a promising alternative towards sustainability; nevertheless, product recovery from fermentation is one of the main constraints. In an effort to improve the (+)-zizaene recovery from a metabolically-engineered Escherichia coli, we developed an integrated bioprocess by coupling fermentation and (+)-zizaene recovery using adsorber extractants. Initially, (+)-zizaene volatilization was confirmed from cultivations with no extractants but application of liquid–liquid phase partitioning cultivation (LLPPC) improved (+)-zizaene recovery nearly 4-fold. Furthermore, solid–liquid phase partitioning cultivation (SLPPC) was evaluated by screening polymeric adsorbers, where Diaion HP20 reached the highest recovery. Bioprocess was scaled up to 2 L bioreactors and in situ recovery configurations integrated to fermentation were evaluated. External recovery configuration was performed with an expanded bed adsorption column and improved (+)-zizaene titers 2.5-fold higher than LLPPC. Moreover, internal recovery configuration (IRC) further enhanced the (+)-zizaene titers 2.2-fold, whereas adsorption velocity was determined as critical parameter for recovery efficiency. Consequently, IRC improved the (+)-zizaene titer 8.4-fold and productivity 3-fold from our last report, achieving a (+)-zizaene titer of 211.13 mg L−1 and productivity of 3.2 mg L−1 h−1. This study provides further knowledge for integration of terpene bioprocesses by in situ product recovery, which could be applied for many terpene studies towards the industrialization of fragrant molecules.
Structural Insights into Influence of Isomerism on Properties of Open Shell Cobalt Coordination System
Authors: Swiatkowski Marcin , Sieranski Tomasz , Bogdan Marta , Kruszynski Rafal
Published: September 2019

The two coordination compounds of cobalt were designed and synthesized. The substrates were carefully selected to allow gentle tuning of the molecular structure of the designed compounds. The crystal, molecular and supramolecular structure of studied compounds has been determined and discussed. The spectroscopic and thermal properties of designed coordination compounds have been studied and their application as precursors for the synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles has been demonstrated. It was proven that not only are parameters of conversion of the precursor to nanoparticles important, but also small changes in molecular structure can considerably affect the size of formed particles. For unambiguous determination of the influence of compounds structure on their UV-Vis radiation absorption, density functional theory and time-dependent density functions theory calculations have been performed. The complexity of the correct ab-initio reflection of the open shell molecular system was outlined and discussed. The results obtained from density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been also employed for discussion of the bonding properties.
Layered Extraction and Adsorption Performance of Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Activated Sludge in the Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Process
Authors: Li Daxue , Xi Hailing
Published: September 2019

A large amount of phosphorus was found in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge used in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), so the role of EPS and extracellular phosphorus in EBPR should not be neglected. The composition and properties of tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) and loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) were significantly different, and it was necessary to study the adsorption performance of EPS through the fractionating of activated sludge into LB-EPS, TB-EPS and microbial cells. In this study, the adsorption performance of LB-EPS and TB-EPS for phosphate was explored by extracting LB-EPS and TB-EPS via sonication and cation exchange resin (CER), respectively. The results indicated that the sonication-CER method was an efficient and reliable extraction method for EPS with a synergistic effect. The performance of EPS in the adsorption/complexing of phosphate was excellent because of its abundant functional groups. Specifically, the type and content of metal elements and functional groups in TB-EPS were much greater than those in LB-EPS, which led to the key role of TB-EPS in the adsorption/complexing of phosphate. Finally, a metabolic model for EBPR with consideration of the adsorption performance of LB-EPS and TB-EPS was proposed.
Climate-Triggered Insect Defoliators and Forest Fires Using Multitemporal Landsat and TerraClimate Data in NE Iran: An Application of GEOBIA TreeNet and Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Abdi Omid
Published: September 2019

Despite increasing the number of studies for mapping remote sensing insect-induced forest infestations, applying novel approaches for mapping and identifying its triggers are still developing. This study was accomplished to test the performance of Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) TreeNet for discerning insect-infested forests induced by defoliators from healthy forests using Landsat 8 OLI and ancillary data in the broadleaved mixed Hyrcanian forests. Moreover, it has studied mutual associations between the intensity of forest defoliation and the severity of forest fires under TerraClimate-derived climate hazards by analyzing panel data models within the TreeNet-derived insect-infested forest objects. The TreeNet optimal performance was obtained after building 333 trees with a sensitivity of 93.7% for detecting insect-infested objects with the contribution of the top 22 influential variables from 95 input object features. Accordingly, top image-derived features were the mean of the second principal component (PC2), the mean of the red channel derived from the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), and the mean values of the normalized difference water index (NDWI) and the global environment monitoring index (GEMI). However, tree species type has been considered as the second rank for discriminating forest-infested objects from non-forest-infested objects. The panel data models using random effects indicated that the intensity of maximum temperatures of the current and previous years, the drought and soil-moisture deficiency of the current year, and the severity of forest fires of the previous year could significantly trigger the insect outbreaks. However, maximum temperatures were the only significant triggers of forest fires. This research proposes testing the combination of object features of Landsat 8 OLI with other data for monitoring near-real-time defoliation and pathogens in forests.
Assessing the Mass Sensitivity for Different Electrode Materials Commonly Used in Quartz Crystal Microbalances (QCMs)
Authors: Huang Xianhe , Chen Qiao , Pan Wei , Hu Jianguo , Yao Yao
Published: September 2019

Mass sensitivity is vital for quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)-based data analysis. The mass sensitivity distribution of QCMs may differ greatly depending on the shapes, thicknesses, sizes, and materials of the metal electrodes. This is not considered by the Sauerbrey equation, and has a large potential to cause errors in QCM-based data analysis. Many previous works have studied the effects of shape, thickness, and size of metal electrodes on mass sensitivity. However, it is necessary to continue to clarify the relationship between the mass sensitivity and the electrode material of the QCM. In this paper, the results of both theoretical calculation and experimental analysis showed that the mass sensitivity of QCMs with gold electrodes is higher than that of the QCMs with silver electrodes, which in turn indicated that the mass sensitivity of QCMs varies with the electrode material. Meanwhile, the results of this study showed that the mass sensitivity of QCMs with different electrode materials is not proportional to the density of the electrode materials. This result suggests that, in order to obtain more accurate results in the practical applications of QCMs, the influence of electrode material on the mass sensitivity of the QCMs must be considered.
Automatic Tunnel Steel Arches Extraction Algorithm Based on 3D LiDAR Point Cloud
Authors: Zhang Wenting , Qiu Wenjie , Song Di , Xie Bin
Published: September 2019

Automation is an inevitable trend in the development of tunnel shotcrete machinery. Tunnel environmental perception based on 3D LiDAR point cloud has become a research hotspot. Current researches about the detection of tunnel point clouds focus on the completed tunnel with a smooth surface. However, few people have researched the automatic detection method for steel arches installed on a complex rock surface. This paper presents a novel algorithm to extract tunnel steel arches. Firstly, we propose a refined function for calibrating the tunnel axis by minimizing the density variance of the projected point cloud. Secondly, we segment the rock surface from the tunnel point cloud by using the region-growing method with the parameters obtained by analyzing the tunnel section sequence. Finally, a Directed Edge Growing (DEG) method is proposed to detect steel arches on the rock surface in the tunnel. Our experiment in the highway tunnels under construction in Changsha (China) shows that the proposed algorithm can effectively extract the points of the edge of steel arches from 3D LiDAR point cloud of the tunnel without manual assistance. The results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm achieved 92.1% of precision, 89.1% of recall, and 90.6% of the F-score.
Interference-Aware Routing for Difficult Wireless Sensor Network Environment with SWIPT
Authors: He Shiming , Tang Yangning , Li Zhuozhou , Li Feng , Xie Kun , Kim Hye-jin , Kim Gwang-jun
Published: September 2019

The main challenges of sensing in harsh industrial and biological environments are the limited energy of sensor nodes and the difficulty of charging sensor nodes. Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) is a non-invasive option to replenish energy. SWIPT harvests energy and decodes information from the same RF signal, which is influencing the design of a wireless sensor network. In multi-hop multi-flow wireless sensor networks, interference generally exists, and the interference has a different influence on SWIPT. Route, interference and SWIPT are dependent. However, existing works consider SWIPT link resource allocation with a given route or only select path for one flow without interference. Therefore, this paper firstly analyzes the influence of interference on SWIPT, and select the SWIPT routing with interference. We design an interference-based information and energy allocation model to maximize the link capacity with SWIPT. Then, we design an interference-aware route metric, formulate SWIPT routing problem, and design an interference-aware SWIPT routing algorithm. The simulation results show that as the number of flows increases, there is more likely to obtain performance gains from interference and SWIPT.
Wayside Detection of Wheel Minor Defects in High-Speed Trains by a Bayesian Blind Source Separation Method
Authors: Liu Xiao-Zhou , Xu Chi , Ni Yi-Qing
Published: September 2019

For high-speed trains, out-of-roundness (OOR)/defects on wheel tread with small radius deviation may suffice to give rise to severe damage on both vehicle components and track structure when they run at high speeds. It is thus highly desirable to detect the defects in a timely manner and then conduct wheel re-profiling for the defective wheels. This paper presents a wayside fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based wheel condition monitoring system which can detect wheel tread defects online during train passage. A defect identification algorithm is developed to identify potential wheel defects with the monitoring data of rail strain response collected by the devised system. In view that minor wheel defects can only generate anomalies with low amplitude compared with the wheel load effect, advanced signal processing methods are needed to extract the defect-sensitive feature from the monitoring data. This paper explores a Bayesian blind source separation (BSS) method to decompose the rail response signal and to obtain the component that contains defect-sensitive features. After that, the potential defects are identified by analyzing anomalies in the time history based on the Chauvenet’s criterion. To verify the proposed defect detection method, a blind test is conducted using a new train equipped with defective wheels. The results show that all the defects are identified and they concur well with offline wheel radius deviation measurement results. Minor defects with a radius deviation of only 0.06 mm are successfully detected.
Wideband and Wide Beam Polyvinylidene Difluoride (PVDF) Acoustic Transducer for Broadband Underwater Communications
Authors: Martins Marcos , Faria Carlos , Matos Tiago , Goncalves Luís , Cabral José , Silva António , Jesus Sérgio
Published: September 2019

The advances in wireless communications are still very limited when intended to be used on Underwater Communication Systems mainly due to the adverse proprieties of the submarine channel to the acoustic and radio frequency (RF) waves propagation. This work describes the development and characterization of a polyvinylidene difluoride ultrasound transducer to be used as an emitter in underwater wireless communications. The transducer has a beam up to 10° × 70° degrees and a usable frequency band up to 1 MHz. The transducer was designed using Finite Elements Methods and compared with real measurements. Pool trials show a transmitting voltage response (TVR) of approximately 150 dB re µPa/V@1 m from 750 kHz to 1 MHz. Sea trials were carried in Ria Formosa, Faro (Portugal) over a 15 m source—receiver communication link. All the signals were successfully detected by cross-correlation using 10 chirp signals between 10 to 900 kHz.
Becoming FEW Conscious: A Conceptual Typology of Household Behavior Change Interventions Targeting the Food-Energy-Water (FEW) Nexus
Authors: Berman Holly , Shwom Rachael , Cuite Cara
Published: September 2019

The food-energy-water (FEW) nexus presents an opportunity to rethink predominant approaches to household behavior change science. We linked emerging FEW nexus research with existing literature examining household consumption and pro-environmental behaviors. While a large body of work examines the environmental impacts of household life and explores pathways to behavior change for sustainability, the literature lacks studies that test interventions in multiple FEW resource categories, leaving researchers unable to identify tensions and tradeoffs in the household system. To guide this developing field and accumulate findings on household behavior across disciplines, we proposed a conceptual typology that synthesizes interdisciplinary analytic traditions to classify behavioral interventions targeting the household FEW nexus. The typology synthesizes behavioral interventions as active, passive, or structural, and household-specific or non-specific, illustrating six distinct categories: information, tailored information, action, gamification, policy/price change, and material/technology provision. A review of 40 studies that guided the typology identifies four significant lessons for future intervention research: household non-specific information and tailored information work better together, feedback is more effective when it is persistent, price-based interventions (information or incentives) are often ineffective, and material/technology provision is very effective but utilized in few household studies. To push forward household resource consumption science, we advocated for a holistic nexus focus that is rooted in interdisciplinarity, coalition building with stakeholders, and data reporting that facilitates knowledge accumulation.
Threshold Electricity Consumption Enables Multiple Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Brecha Robert J.
Published: September 2019

Access to sufficient amounts of energy is a prerequisite for the development of human well-being. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) recognize the interconnectedness of climate change, energy access and development. However, not all SDG targets are quantified, leaving room for ambiguity in fulfilling, for example, the goal of ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all (SDG7). We show how specific sustainable development targets for health indicators are strongly correlated with electricity consumption levels in the poorest of countries. Clear thresholds in per capita electricity consumption of a few hundred kWh per year are identified by analyzing SDG indicator data as a function of per capita country electricity consumption. Those thresholds are strongly correlated with meeting of SDG 3 targets-below the identified thresholds, countries do not meet the SDG targets, while above the threshold there is a clear relationship between increasing consumption of electricity and improvement of SDG indicators. Electricity consumption of 400 kWh per capita is significantly higher than projections made by international agencies for future energy access, but only 5%–10% that of OECD countries. At the very least, the presence of thresholds and historical data patterns requires an understanding of how SDG targets would be met in the absence of this threshold level of electricity access.
3 tesla magnetic resonance imaging and multiplanar reconstruction of the brain and its associated structures in sheep
Authors: BAKICI Caner , EKİM Okan , ERGİN İrem , ALGIN Oktay , OTO Çağdaş
Published: September 2019

The purpose of the study was to scan the brain and related structures in sheep with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and three-dimensional (3D) multiplanar reconstruction for defining the anatomical regions. Six adult sheep, three of six were male and three of six were female used as cadaver, were utilized in this research. Heads were scanned at 3 Tesla Siemens Magnetom Spin-Echo MRI devices using the human head coil. The processes were acquired in both T1 and T2 weighted slices and were reconstructed by using Leonardo workstation. The cranioencephalic structures and anatomical details were defined and labeled in all slice of 3 planes that were obtained 1 mm thickness sequential images in sagittal, frontal, and transversal planes. According to the MRI measurements obtained intracranially from the brain, the average value of length, height, and width of the brain were 87.1 ± 0.3, 46.8 ± 0.7, and 62.2 ± 0.4 mm, respectively. It was observed that in T1 weighted images were more effective to identify deep brain structures and anatomical details. On 3D reconstructed images obtained from the study can be used as a reference in head and brain MR scans in multidisciplinary studies where sheep are used as animal models.
La (re)production urbaine en Algérie à travers le logement social collectif. La pérennisation d’un modèle devenu la norme
Authors: Bachar Keira
Published: September 2019

Construits tous azimuts en périphérie de la quasi-totalité des villes algériennes, les ensembles de logements stéréotypés, aujourd’hui dénommés « pôles urbains », reproduisent les schémas conceptuels des zones d’habitat urbain nouveau (Zhun) des années 1980, eux-mêmes largement inscrits dans la continuité des « grands ensembles », symboles des principes du Mouvement moderne, tandis que les quelques opérations publiques récentes se réclamant du développement durable semblent introduire de nouveaux « standards » internationaux, en s’inscrivant dans la démarche volontariste des pouvoirs publics, basée sur la production de masse et la reconduction de modes de faire préétablis. S’appuyant sur une recherche doctorale, cet article met en lumière l’uniformisation croissante des espaces et des formes urbaines en prenant pour terrains d’étude trois villes représentatives des différentes régions du territoire algérien (le littoral, les hauts-plateaux et le Sahara), et propose de montrer comment la typologie de l’habitat collectif extensif standardisé s’est progressivement imposée comme la norme dans la production du logement social en Algérie.
La « ville patrimoniale » comme modèle. Le rôle des politiques culturelles dans l’aménagement du centre historique de Naples
Authors: Pappalardo Marta
Published: September 2019

This research investigates the heritage politics in the city-centres, seen as a process of standardization of a certain model of a “responsible society”, where the protection of the urban heritage is supposed to guarantee the necessary requisites for inhabiting the centres. By taking as case study the centre of Naples, Unesco World Heritage since 1995, it is possible to study the heritage policies carried out since 2009 both as resulting from a standardization of the urban planning, and as the reproduction of a social norm that delegitimizes the working classes, to the benefit of élites and tourists , demonstrating the tensions between top-down heritage politics, carried out by the institutions, and the appropriation of the urban heritage from the bottom.
Mondialisation et standardisation. Le cas des métropoles portuaires
Authors: Gras Pierre
Published: September 2019

L’accélération de la globalisation des échanges et le constat d’une standardisation des formes urbaines ont fait émerger un questionnement sur le devenir de la morphologie des métropoles portuaires. Celles-ci constituent de fait un véritable laboratoire, qui permet d’observer à quel point leur évolution est protéiforme et reflète surtout leur propre histoire. Par les décalages qu’elles proposent en termes d’échelle et de formes urbaines, ces métropoles permettent d’approcher la standardisation d’une façon nuancée, au-delà des formules convenues de la banalisation urbaine, de la production d’une architecture iconique et de la mise en œuvre de « grands récits » mobilisateurs sur ces territoires singuliers.
Standardiser l’extraordinaire. Partenariats public-privé et production des grands stades en France
Authors: Chaboche José
Published: September 2019

This paper is part of the problem of the contribution of large sports venues to the political and capitalist construction of the city. It aims to understand how the major contemporary stadiums built in public-private partnerships (PPP) are the result of a renewed standardization of urban production processes. Multi-purpose study about eleven selected stadiums, direct observation of venues, analysis of feedback from practitioners and written documentation form part of the chosen methodological framework. It reveals the contemporary features of the large stadium, gives a state of the art of the French situation and shows the complexity of instruments and sets of actors taking part of the PPP stadiums production. These elements reveal the model of the large stadium, an archetypal figure of the standardized city.
South Carolina's Climate Report Card: Understanding South Carolina's Climate Trends and Variability
Authors: Mizzell Hope , Malsick Mark , Abramyan Ivetta
Published: September 2019

This study provides an overview of South Carolina’s climatic trends and variability over the last century. Most studies nationally have focused on large-scale temperature and precipitation trends, but examination of regional and local trends are needed to monitor the significance of the state’s climate signal and advance our understanding of the complex physical controls on the region’s climate. The behavior of several climatic elements since the 1900s were evaluated for 66 sites in South Carolina and bordering states to determine the variability of the system on annual, seasonal and decadal scales, including the use of threshold approaches to assess climate patterns. Results from the bordering states were not directly discussed, but were included in the study for continuity.
Fede e ragione
Authors: Pasquale Gianluigi
Published: September 2019

L’articolo sviluppa cinque tesi innestate nella più lunga Lettera Enciclica scritta da San Giovanni Paolo II (1920-2005) esattamente a vent’anni dalla sua promulgazione (1998-2018), «Fides et ratio» inerente i rapporti intercorrenti tra fede e ragione. Alcune vennero intercettate durante il ventennio trascorso, altre sono inedite. Con la prima si ribadisce la completa autonomia della filosofia rispetto alla teologia cristiana, quale scienza della fede che pensa se stessa, motivo per il quale il sapere teologico non sposa nessun tipo di filosofia, ovvero la utilizza «qua talis». Con la seconda si ribadisce che la fede senza la «recta ratio» – oggi intorbidita e indebolita dalla società della tecnica – non potrebbe nulla senza il logos di cui si è attrezzata fin dall’inizio. Così, con la terza tesi si (di)mostra che, onde evitare che il pensiero riproducente se stesso prosegua all’infinito, essi trovi nella forma incarnata del logos – Gesù Cristo – l’unica «saturazione» del proprio ricercare. La quarta tesi rivela qualcosa che era sfuggito fino a qualche mese fa, ossia l’insistenza di «Fides et ratio» ad aprirsi ad altre culture, oltre a quella cristiana piuttosto secolarizzatasi, tipo quella indiana o asiatica, essendovi una «ratio». Con la quinta tesi, ugualmente inedita, si ravvisa che solo una «ragione etica» ovvero amicale, responsabile, fiduciale, appunto, può permettere alla fede di raggiungere quel livello rivelativo cui anela: nella persona di Gesù Cristo.
Je li Marija bila Isusova učenica?
Authors: Aračić Dinko
Published: September 2019

Je li Isusova Majka bila i njegova učenica? U kojem se smislu Mariju može smatrati Isusovom 'prvom i savršenom učenicom'? Na ta pitanja ovaj članak pokušava odgovoriti. U prvom su dijelu navedena novozavjetna svjedočanstva koja ne upotrebljavaju pojam 'učenica', ali predstavljaju Marijin stav koji odgovara stavu Isusovih učenika. U drugom dijelu riječ
je o tome kako marijanski tekst Drugoga vatikanskog sabora i kasniji crkveni dokumenti preuzimaju patrističku temu Marijina stava Kristove učenice, koju ne poznaje tradicionalna mariologija. U završnom dijelu predstavljena je teološka dimenzija teme Marijina stava učenice i njezine primjene u pastoralu i približavanju Marijina lika današnjim vjernicima, što promiču i suvremene mariološke poruke.
Hawkmoth Pollination Facilitates Long-distance Pollen Dispersal and Reduces Isolation Across a Gradient of Land-use Change
Authors: Skogen Krissa A. , Overson Rick P. , Hilpman Evan T. , Fant Jeremie B.
Published: September 2019

Land-use change is among the top drivers of global biodiversity loss, which impacts the arrangement and distribution of suitable habitat for species. Population-level effects include increased isolation, decreased population size, and changes to mutualistic and antagonistic interactions. However, the extent to which species are impacted is determined by life history characteristics including dispersal. In plants, mating dynamics can be changed in ways that can negatively impact population persistence if dispersal of pollen and/or seed is disrupted. Long-distance dispersal has the potential to buffer species from the negative impacts of land-use change. Biotic vectors of long-distance dispersal have been less frequently studied, though specific taxa are known to travel great distances. Here, we describe population genetic diversity and structure in a sphingophilous species that is experiencing habitat fragmentation through land-use change, Oenothera harringtonii W. L. Wagner, Stockh. & W. M. Klein (Onagraceae). We use 12 nuclear and four plastid microsatellite markers and show that pollen dispersal by hawkmoths drives high gene flow and low population differentiation despite a range-wide gradient of land-use change and habitat fragmentation. By separating the contributions of pollen and seed dispersal to gene flow, we show that most of the genetic parameters are driven by hawkmoth-facilitated long-distance pollen dispersal, but populations with small, effective population sizes experience higher levels of relatedness and inbreeding. We discuss considerations for conservation efforts for this and other species that are pollinated by long-distance dispersers.
The Problem of “Women’s Work” and the Idea of Work Democratization for the Liberating Empowerment of Women
Authors: Izzati Fathimah Fildzah
Published: September 2019

Women never make choices about their work democratically. In patriarchal society, “women’s work” is constructed as work that is in the area of social reproduction and is “natural” for women. Consequently, women are increasingly in a vulnerable position in the labor market. In addition, women also face obstacles to being actively involved in various democratic spaces such as unions and women’s movements, and wider social movements because they bear a double workload that is life-consuming. However, various women’s empowerment programs launched by a number of development institutions to overcome the problems faced by women turned out to be far from women’s interests. Empowerment, also known as “liberal empowerment”, actually depoliticized and atomized women. Feminist scholars also call for the importance of realizing “liberating empowerment”. Related to that, this paper sees that the process of democratization of work on women’s work is an effort that can be done to pave the way for women’s liberation.

 
The Interwoven of interests in Political Economy and Political Behavior of Women Members of Parliament
Authors: Komalasari Dewi
Published: September 2019

The representation of women’s interest through women Members of Parliament (MPs) is achieved if there is a connection between constituents and parliamentarians. In order to be able to establish cooperation, it requires a deep understanding of their behavior. This article reveals the variety of relationships and political economic affiliations that surround women MPs. The relationship has been built since the nomination period to become a member of parliament, which in turn raises various interests and pressures that women parliamentarians must respond to. By understanding the various interests and pressures faced by women MPs, civil society can design action plans that trigger positive responses so as to minimize the potential risks.
Strengthening Substantive Representation of Women through the Engagement Model of the Women’s Movement with the DPR and DPRD in Indonesia
Authors: Sigiro Atnike Nova
Published: September 2019

Although it has not yet reached an ideal composition, the adoption of a 30% quota of women in elections in Indonesia has increased the number of women in parliament, both at the central level (House of Representative/DPR) and at the regional level (Regional House of Representatives/DPRD). However, the issue of women’s representation in parliament is not only a matter of representation based on sex, but also of substantive representation, where women’s political agenda can be voiced. One of the concepts developed by feminist thinking is the concept of critical actors. This article seeks to explain how women’s organizations and parliamentarians are critical actors that encourage women’s involvement with parliament. This article explains how the involvement between women’s organizations and parliament can strengthen the substantive representation of women in both the DPR and the DPRD. The article is developed based on studies on engagement models of MAMPU’s partners with the DPR and DPRD.
Cultural Value Factors That Affect Mother and Child Health
Authors: Winarso Inang , Lestari Ressa Ria
Published: September 2019

Mother and child health as a key indicator of community welfare is measured by the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR). But why have efforts to reduce MMR and IMR not yet reached the target? This research answers this question by using an approach of cultural values in mother and child health. The focus of this research is on the human life cycle starting from marriage, pregnancy, birth and death in Situbondo Regency, East Java and Ngada Regency, NTT. Research has found four cultural elements that predominantly influence health beliefs, family and community decisions in dealing with maternal and infant health problems. These cultural elements are the religious system, the kinship system, the knowledge system and the livelihood system. These four systems can increase or decrease the risk of maternal and infant mortality. The government must consider the cultural values of the community in making health policies. First, strengthen factors that reduce the risk of maternal and child mortality. Second, reduce the factors that increase the risk of maternal and child mortality.
Review of Policy-Oriented Research on Maternal Mortality
Authors: Komalasari Dewi , Daniels Jane
Published: September 2019

Maternal mortality remains an unresolved critical issue. This condition indicates that women’s reproductive health rights has not yet been fulfilled. Maternal mortality occurs due to medical and non-medical factors. Even though a small amount of those deaths still happens due to unpreventable causes, however, most of those deaths could have been prevented and avoided. Government efforts to address the problem of maternal mortality are carried out through various policies that focus on medical factors and through programs aimed at increasing the coverage and quality of maternal health services.  On the other hand, other factors such as social economic and cultural are being neglected. A review of researches on the theme of maternal mortality found various factors that contributed to the causes of maternal mortality such as socio-cultural barriers that limit women’s access to health, ranging from poverty, geography and local culture. Unmet need for contraception in family planning program, adolescence reproductive health issue that still hasn’t been addressed in a serious and comprehensive manner, as well as unsafe abortion are the key underlying causes of maternal mortality.
Personal Experiences of Women Surviving Breast Cancer as a Confrontation of the Meaning of the Women's Body
Authors: Boangmanalu Abby Gina , Sigiro Atnike Nova
Published: September 2019

This study highlights the experiences faced by women breast cancer survivor in Jakarta in defining their bodies. Despite of medical assessment, breast cancer needs to be analyzed through feminist’s lense because breast cancer has close link with discourse of sexual body and engendered body. This study used a qualitative methodology that emphasizes critical analysis. Data collection was gathered through interviews with 8 women who are breast cancer survivors. The research reveals that under the normality of femininity of the patriarchal society, the women breast cancer survivors could confront the dominant interpretation upon women’s body
Women’s and Health Officer’s Knowledge on Access to Reproductive and Sexual Health Services Covered by the National Health Insurance: Surveys in 15 Districts-Cities in Indonesia
Authors: Lestari Herna , Sigiro Atnike Nova
Published: September 2019

The availability of reproductive and sexual health services provided by the National Health Insurance (Jaminan Kesehatan National/JKN) in Indonesia could expand women’s access to reproductive and sexual health services. However, the knowledge of community and service provider will determine to what extent women will access the reproductive and sexual health services provided by JKN. This article assesses and analyzes the knowledge of women and health officers about the availability of reproductive and sexual health services provided in JKN. The article elaborates for main findings from the research that was conducted by women organizations that are members of the Women’s Health Care Network (Jaringan Perempuan Peduli Kesehatan or JP2K). JP2K conducted longitudinal research with a series of surveys in 2015, 2016, and 2017 in 15 regions of districts/cities in Indonesia on knowledge and access to reproductive and sexual health services provided by JKN. The surveys show limited knowledge of the respondents, both women and health officers, about forms and scope of reproductive and sexual health services that are covered by JKN. The research concludes that one of the important agendas for encouraging women’s access to health services covered by JKN is through intensifying the socialization of the scope of sexual and reproductive health to women and health facility officers.
La ética decolonial y su relación con el Estado de derecho en cuanto a la interculturalidad y la plurinacionalidad en el Ecuador
Authors: Pazmiño Arregui Mireya Katerine , Noboa Larrea Gonzalo Enrique , Yánez Olalla Telmo Elías
Published: September 2019

El objetivo de la investigación es determinar la perspectiva existente de la ética decolonial, y lo que significa para el Estado ecuatoriano la interculturalidad y la plurinacionalidad instaurado constitucionalmente. La ética decolonial es una herramienta de transgresión que se relaciona con los procesos internos de la globalización. Resulta oportuno resaltar, que la Constitución de la República del Ecuador, expresa claramente que es un Estado de derechos y justicia, social, democrático, soberano, independiente, unitario, intercultural, plurinacional y laico el cual es irrenunciable e imprescriptible. El estudio es de tipo cualitativo-descriptivo apoyado en la hermenéutica y el modelo de la comparación. El propósito del estudio, es profundizar acerca del significado de la ética decolonial y compararlo con lo que persigue el Estado ecuatoriano en su Constitución. Cuestionar el conocimiento de la ética decolonial hacia el proceso pluriculturalista que ofrece el Estado ecuatoriano, con la intención de regir una serie de principios éticos, que proporcionan respecto, seguridad e igualdad entre los habitantes. Finalmente, aprovechar que Constitucionalmente el Estado promueve y respeta la plurinacionalidad, para desarrollar un plan integrador, adaptado al entorno y derecho de los ciudadanos del Ecuador.
What Keeps Students from Driving under the Influence of Alcohol and Prescription Drugs?
Authors: Machura Stefan , Matharu Sunita , Mepham Faye , Smith Sarah Leanne , Aston Jonathan
Published: September 2019

Driving under alcohol or while under the influence of a medication that impedes the ability to control a car are punishable offenses. The study asks if the perceived legitimacy of law, the perceived dangers of driving, including detection by the police, and the individual inclination to engage in risky and imprudent behaviour influence the likelihood of committing those offenses. At a British university, 337 students took part in a questionnaire study. The results show that students are less inclined to drive under alcohol than under medication. Both are variously influenced by practical circumstances like the frequency of driving, of drinking and the actual taking of such medication, even pressures to drive regardless. Driving under medication is also related to legitimacy of law. The difference may come from the absence of a public narrative for driving under medication: some students fall back to their attitude to the law.
Material Recognition Using Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Tejasri Nampally , Ekapanyapong Mongkol
Published: September 2019

The classification and recognition of variety of materials that are present in our surroundings be-come an important visual competition have been focused by computer vision systems in the recentyears. Understanding the recognition of the materials in different images that involve a deep learn-ing process made use of the recent development in the field of Artificial Neural Networks broughtthe ability to train various neural network architectures for the extraction of features for this chal-lenging task. In this work, state-of-the-art Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) techniques areused to classify materials and also compare the results obtained by them.The results are gath-ered over two material data sets applying the two popular approaches of Transfer Learning. Theresults showcase that fine-tuning approach achieves very good results compared to the case of ap-proach when the information derived from the layer which is just before the fully connected layeris limited. The results of the comparison indicates the fact that there is an improvement in theperformance and the accuracy of the system particularly in the data set that contains large numberof images.
RESEARCH OF DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT PROCESSES OF SMALL BUSINESS IN UKRAINE AND POLAND
Authors: Bernytska Dariia
Published: September 2019

The article provides a theoretical generalization of the processes of development and support of small business at the state level. The article analyzes the current state of small business in Ukraine, the international image of the country and its place in the international business environment. The features of the state policy of supporting the development of small business in Ukraine and Poland are revealed and a positive experience that can be implemented in Ukraine is highlighted. In particular, it is determined that due to small firms a competitive environment is formed that positively affects the market conditions, provides economic growth, and also affects the processes of employment of the population. The experience of the state policy of supporting the development of small business is considered, and it is determined that support for the development of small enterprises in the economies of the developed countries is ensured by systematic comprehensive support from the state, which is supported by regular and significant in its volume of budget financing. In addition, the main directions are determined the state strategy for small business development in Western European countries, in particular Poland.
Improvement of economic policy and state regulatory mechanisms in the agricultural sector in the context of strengthening its competitive positions
Authors: Dudar Taras , Dudar Volodymyr
Published: September 2019

The article deals with the essential elements of state regulations in the agricultural sector under conditions of market-led transformations of Ukraine’s economy. These transformations are related to the improvement of economic policy and aimed at strengthening competitive positions of agricultural producers on the market of agricultural foodstuffs. The economic interest of business activities in the agricultural sphere is largely dependent on external factors that under market conditions have significantly changed the way of revenue generation for agricultural producers whose competitiveness in achieving profitability of goods is sufficient to allow meeting targets of sustainability in agriculture and solving social problems in rural areas. The research provides a comparative analysis of the growth rate of gross output in the agricultural sector and aggregate financial aid from the government. The analysis proves that over the last twelve years, the growth rate of gross output has outpaced the growth rate of aggregate aid of Ukraine’s agriculture. Moreover, the aggregate financial aid is characterized by considerable fluctuations, and there has been a gradual decline in its amount.
Mathematical modeling of influence of Ukraine’s external debt on standards of living
Authors: Karmeliuk Hanna , Plaskon Svitlana , Seniv Halyna
Published: September 2019

Since the current state of the global financial system can be described as a crisis of excessive debt, Ukraine’s foreign debt is crucial for the present stage of stable development. Inefficient use of external borrowed funds results in a real loss of economic and political security of the state, particularly in a decline of living standards. The purpose of the article is to analyze Ukraine’s government-backed debt, subsistence minimum, minimum and averagewages, and to identify cause-effect relationships between the external debt, the cost of living, minimum and average wages using econometric models. The paper also analyzes dynamics of government-backed external debt and indicators of living standards in Ukraine over 1996- 2016 as well as interrelation between them. A number of trend models which show dynamics of Ukraine’s external debt, subsistence minimum, minimum and average wages are developed. These models are used to calculate their projected values. The authors have developed and justified economic and mathematical models of dependencies of subsistence minimum, minimum and average wages on the foreign state debt, and economic and mathematical models of dependencies of the government-backed external debt on subsistence minimum, minimum and average wages. It is noted that there is a strong dependency of subsistence minimum and minimum wage. Periods of dynamics of subsistence minimum, minimum and average wages, calculated in hryvnia and dollar equivalents, are defined. It is shown that the trends of the above-mentioned indicators have the same branches or periods. Moreover, it is proved that as compared with hryvnia, dollar plays a significant role in shaping indicators of living standards in Ukraine. Distributed lag models of dependencies of subsistence minimum, minimum and average wages on the foreign debt are calculated. The models show that the main impact of the government-backed external debt on subsistence minimum and minimum wage is four years overdue. The models with instrumental variables of direct and inverse dependencies of the external debt on subsistence minimum and of subsistence minimum on the external debt are developed and justified. These models are used to forecast the researched indicators.