bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reemplazo total de rodilla en gonartrosis asociada a deformidad extraarticular
Authors: Del Sel Hernan , Vedoya Santiago Pablo , Garabano German , Viale German Jorge , Nazur Gabriel
Published: October 2015

Introducción:El éxito a largo plazo de un reemplazo total de rodilla (RTR) depende de la restitución del eje mecánico del miembro, de la correcta colocación del implante y del balance de partes blandas. Los pacientes con gonartrosis asociada a una deformidad extraarticular, femoral o tibial, requieren de una cuidadosa evaluación y planificación preoperatoria con el objeto de decidir si la corrección del eje podrá realizarse mediante la resección ósea intraarticular, o si deberá asociarse una osteotomía extraarticular.

Material y Método:Se evaluaron 22 RTR (en 20 pacientes) por gonartrosis asociada a deformidad extraarticular. La etiología de la deformidad extraarticular fue postraumática en 8 casos y postosteotomía en 14 (8 femorales y 6 tibiales).

Resultados:En todos los casos se realizó la corrección del eje del miembro mediante un RTR con cortes óseos intra articulares “inusuales”, sin que fuera necesario realizar una osteotomía. La evaluación clínica y funcional se realizó mediante el sistema de puntaje de la Knee Society2. El promedio de la evaluación clínica fue de 24,3 puntos en el prequirúrgico y 86 al año postoperatorio. Con respecto al puntaje funcional, paso de un promedio de 34 puntos en el prequirúrgico a 85,3 puntos al año.

Conclusión:No hay un criterio único en relación al tratamiento del paciente con gonartrosis sintomática asociada a una deformidad extraarticular. La corrección de la deformidad extraarticular por medio de cortes óseos intraarticulares ¨inusuales¨ es posible si estos no afectan las inserciones ligamentarias femorales ni tibiales. Este método puede aplicarse en desejes femorales de hasta 20° y tibiales de hasta 30° en el plano coronal. Mediante esta técnica hemos obtenido buenos resultados, a más de 5 años de seguimiento, en 20 de los 22 casos operados.
Neuritis química post-infiltración en síndrome del túnel carpiano.
Authors: Gutierrez Olivera Natalia , Jabif Alberto Javier , Rodriguez Orlando , Allende Nores Christian Antonio
Published: October 2015

La inyección local con corticoide es una de las opciones de tratamiento conservador para el Síndrome del Túnel Carpiano (STC) leve a moderado, son pocos los reportes de lesión del nervio mediano por inyección intraneural. Se presenta un caso de neuritis química del nervio mediano posterior a infiltración con corticoide local en un paciente de masculino de 42 años con (STC). Se le realizo neurolisis, epineurotomía y desbridamiento del material inyectado. En la literatura han sido descriptas varias técnicas de infiltración a nivel del túnel del carpo. En este reporte se discute los límites anatómicos del túnel del carpo, las técnicas de infiltración y opciones de tratamiento en caso de esta complicación. Se recomienda aplicar la inyección cubital al tendón del palmaris longus 1,5 cm proximal al pliegue de flexión de la muñeca. Colocada la aguja se pregunta al paciente si siente parestesias o dolor en el territorio del nervio mediano, si la respuesta es afirmativa, el procedimiento debe detenerse y redireccionar la aguja.
Comportamiento Epidemiológico del Osteosarcoma en Población Mexicana durante los años 2005-2014. [Epidemiologic behavior of osteosarcoma in Mexican population from 2005 to 2014].
Authors: Santini Araujo Eduardo
Published: October 2015

Comportamiento Epidemiológico del Osteosarcoma en Población Mexicana durante los años 2005-2014.
Comparación de dos métodos para el análisis multiresiduo de plaguicidas en polen
Authors: Ahumada F. Diego A. , Mojica Andrea , Vanoy Nicolás , Zamudio S. Adriana
Published: October 2015

Se realizó un estudio comparativo entre el
método QuEChERS convencional para la
determinación de residuos de plaguicidas
en polen y un método modificado, con
el propósito de seleccionar el método
que funciona adecuadamente. Para ello,
se analizaron 58 plaguicidas mediante el
uso de cromatografía líquida acoplada a
espectrometría de masas; la comparación
de los métodos se realizó utilizando
diferentes parámetros de validación
como: recuperación, precisión (como
repetibilidad) y límites de detección, los
cuales fueron estimados mediante diferentes
aproximaciones. Sumado a esto, se realizó
un diseño experimental factorial que
permitió evaluar la eficiencia de ambos
métodos en diferentes tipos de polen.
Los resultados indicaron, que el método
desarrollado es apto para el análisis de
residuos de plaguicidas en polen. Asimismo,
se encontró que el método desarrollado
presenta mejores límites de detección, mejor
exactitud y mejor selectividad que el método
QuEChERS convencional para el análisis de
los plaguicidas en estudio en la matriz de
polen apícola. Finalmente, se encontró que el
método modificado no es apto para el análisis
de tres de los 58 plaguicidas estudiados.
First record of Leptodactylus sertanejo (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leptodactylinae) in the state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Lima Tássia Graziele P. , Andrade Etielle B. , Araújo Kássio De C. , Leite José Roberto S. A. , Weber Luíz N.
Published: October 2015

Leptodactylus sertanejo is a mid-sized frog that inhabits areas of the Cerrado Biome, in natural and artificial grassland areas, in the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Bahia, Goiás and Tocantins, Brazil. Herein, we provide the first species record for the state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil, expanding the known distribution of L. sertanejo ca. 420 km northeast from the Parque Estadual do Jalapão, Tocantins state.
Perspective of Peruvian Education in the Society of the Century XXI
Authors: Rojas Arturo Mario
Published: October 2015

Peruvian school needs take on new educational paradigms and the use of NTICs in the curriculum and teaching practices in the classroom, so that future citizens effective responses to the characteristics and demands of today's society is the knowledge, education and leave behind the nineteenth century that still prevails in Peruvian schools.This essay analyzes the most relevant of the XXI century characteristics, the relationship between the school and the characteristics of this society, the formation and the role of teachers in the XXI century and at the end type is characterized school is required to respond to this demand that today's society, and in which the education faculties of universities play a major role.
Higher Education and the Challenges for Economic Growth in Mozambique: Some Evidence
Authors: Uetela Pedro
Published: October 2015

There has been an increasing debate on higher education (HE) transformation in developing countries over the past decades. The main assumption underlying this focus often centers on the arguments contrary to the dominant narratives, which have been skeptical that HE plays a considerable role for economic and social transformation. The rise of certain Asian economies including Taiwan and South Korea, which were at the same level in terms of GDP with African nation states such as Nigeria, Tanzania and Ghana in the 1960s, has confirmed the theory that maximization of knowledge is key to achieve development. Furthermore, the successful stories from the newly industrialized countries especially the BRICS[1] have considerably increased the possibilities that Mozambique can learn from borrowed and contextualized policies from those states. In this article, I highlight the main changes that have recently shaped HE policy and governance including today challenges it faces. In so doing, I outline recommendations for both policy makers and higher education leaders on how they can make appropriation of the experiences that have worked in the global context to ensure the creation of local workforce capable of driving both economic and social development in the country based on knowledge investment. [1] An acronym applied to refer to the newly emerging economies such as Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa
Exploring Child Play within the Framework of Cultural-Historical Psychology: Experience and Perspectives
Authors: Elkoninova L.I. , Grigoriev I.S.
Published: October 2015

The paper reconstructs the history of the problem of the development of mind on the example of child play. It reveals how researchers from the cultural-historical school of thought explored the developmental function of play, recorded quantitative leaps in its development and attempted to reconstruct it — from the works of L.S. Vygotsky and his followers (activity approach to role play: A.N. Leontiev, D.B. Elkonin, N.Ya. Mikhaylenko, N.A. Korotkova and others) to the works of researchers who studied the very act of development in play (L.I. Elkoninova, T.V. Bazhanova, K.O. Yuryeva). It is argued that the concept of the cultural form of play that contains the Challenge (limited by possibilities of action, by risk) and the Response to it serves as a foundation not only for role-playing games, but also for games with rules and computer games too. The Challenge is associated with action which transforms the situation of acting and is typical of all forms of play that are required to tie together everything that is separated in an everyday behavior of a child.
Social Support in the Structure of Personality Resources in Individuals with Disabilities
Authors: Leontiev D.A. , Lebedeva A.A. , Silantieva T.A.
Published: October 2015

The paper focuses on the issues of social support of individuals with disabilities and describes its role in the development and maintenance of subjective well-being of persons in situations of disability. A special external resource for overcoming unfavorable developmental conditions, social support is interlocked in a continuous relationship with psychological resources of personality. One of its distinctive features is that it implies the subject's activity aimed at overcoming difficult life situation on his/her own. When the person's bodily resources are insufficient (as it happens in situations of physical disabilities), the role of macro- and microso¬cial resources in supporting his/her well-being naturally increases. However, when both social and bodily resources are scarce, it is the individual's personality that stands in the gap. The research described in the paper explored the relationship between microsocial resources (support of family and friends, satisfaction with this support) and psychological resources of resistance and self-regulation of personality. The sample consisted of 210 subjects (48 students with disabilities, 162 healthy subjects). The outcomes revealed certain differences between the subsamples with low and high rates of social support which suggest that the subjects' perceptions and evaluations of the support contribute to their psychological resources of coping and self-regulation, acti¬vating and/or reinforcing the existing potential of their personalities.
Psychotechnological System of Teaching Person-Centered Approach to Students
Authors: Kolpachnikov V.V.
Published: October 2015

The paper analyzes the system of teaching person-centered approach in the master's degree program "Counselling Psychology. Personology" at the National Research University Higher School of Economics from the perspective of psychotechnological approach as a modern developmental stage of cultural-historical psychology. For these purposes the paper employs the concept of 'psychotechnological system' and its key ele¬ments: aim, conceptual scheme of knowledge, practice, experts, organized continuing system of interactions/relationships between experts and students. The paper describes a study on the effectiveness of the analyzed psychotechnological educational system which proved its effectiveness not only in an instructional aspect, but also in the way it contributes to the constructive changes in personality, thus helping students get closer to the ideal of a fully functioning person described by Carl Rodgers. It is argued that analyzing any educational programs as psychotechnological system is highly appropriate for their construction, improvement and analysis of its effectiveness.
Customer Perceptions of Service Quality in Luxury Hotels in Petra and Aqaba, Jordan: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Abukhalifeh Ala`a Nimer
Published: October 2015

The aim of the study is to assess customers perception of service quality in luxury hotels, in both, Petra (The iconic tourist attraction), and Aqaba (The commercial capital) on the Red Sea in Jordan and to help the hotel management identify how guest perceive the services and compare their performance against clients expectation.

The study used a survey and interviews to accumulate information using SPSS version 20.0 for data analysis. The study sample consists of 271 participants of hotel guests at four- and five-star hotels in Petra and Aqaba. Findings results show that for responses relating to front office, room service, and in-house cafe/restaurant, the importance score is statistically significant to and higher than the performance rating. Overall, the results indicate a significant difference in guest expectations and actual experiences, thus highlighting managerial implications. The current study cannot claim to be wholly conclusive as it is limited to a small sample size from only two cities of Jordan.

From a practitioner’s perspective, the study provides an opportunity to recognize, in ranking order, features that are considered important by the guests staying in luxury hotels of Petra and Aqaba, as well as to identify the areas of disparity in service quality.

It is observed that this is a significant study regards to its contribution to the literature and hotel managers who plan to improve their performance and competitiveness through guest satisfaction.
The Issues and Perspectives of Pilgrimage Tourism Development in Thanjavur
Authors: Vijayanand S.
Published: October 2015

Pilgrimage tourism is the type of tourism that entirely or powerfully motivates tourists for the achievement of religious attitudes and practices. One of the oldest types of visiting the attractions and a global experience in the olden times of spiritual growth, it can be differentiated into different forms. The temporary religious sightseeing is well-known by excursions to close by pilgrimage centers or religious conferences. The durable implies visits of quite a few days or weeks to nationwide and worldwide pilgrimage sites or conferences. This paper investigates the issues and challenges of pilgrimage tourism and also it’s civilizing significance in Thanjavur.

The scope of socio-economic enlargement during pilgrimage tourism and analysis of the communications issues pertaining to the pilgrimage location of Thanjavur is dealt through in this study. The levels of inspiration and prospect of religious tourists are recognized as type factors in emergent pilgrimage tourism in the State. The data for this study as collected from crowd citizens occupied in pilgrimage tourism actions. The quantity of involvement of pilgrimage tourists in pilgrimage tourism development of Thanjavur is elucidated in this study.

This study is generally based on primary data; secondary data necessary for this study was composed since unusual dependable sources.
OS FUNDAMENTOS DA EDUCAÇÃO MODERNA SOB SUSPEITA: A CRÍTICA PÓS-ESTRUTURALISTA E A PRODUÇÃO DE IDENTIDADES E DIFERENÇAS
Authors: Lizott Tedeschi Sirley , Pavan Ruth
Published: October 2015

No texto analisam-se os fundamentos da educação moderna e as implicações
na produção das identidades e diferenças dos sujeitos. Toma-se como referência
o campo teórico pós-estruturalista e se entende que a educação na modernidade incorpora o conceito de sujeito epistêmico e a pedagogia do método e das técnicas de ensino. Reporta-se aos estudos de Nietzsche e Foucault em uma tentativa de pensar a educação, considerando a natureza produtiva do poder, sua relação com o saber e a produção de identidades e diferenças. Esses autores possibilitam contestar as identidades hegemônicas produzidas pela racionalidade moderna mostrando sua constituição no mundo cultural e social e abrindo espaços para a constituição de outras subjetividades, outras identidades, outras diferenças.
Palavras-chave: Modernidade. Educação. Identidade. Diferença.
EDUCAÇÃO E DEMOCRACIA: FORMAÇÃO POLÍTICA PARA A CONVIVÊNCIA EM UMA SOCIEDADE PLURAL
Authors: Marcon Telmo
Published: October 2015

Com o presente artigo, objetivou-se refletir sobre os desafios de uma educação
para a democracia no contexto das sociedades complexas, nas quais a diversidade e a pluralidade se evidenciam com muita intensidade. Buscando alcançar conta esse objetivo, no artigo, contextualizam-se algumas críticas à democracia, analisam-se alguns pressupostos de uma educação para a democracia e se conclui apontando alguns desafios postos às instituições sociais, particularmente à escola, no sentido de cumprir sua função de formadora intelectual e política dos cidadãos. Defende-se, aqui, a tese
de que a democracia, concebida como organização política e como modo de vida, constitui-se em uma perspectiva fecunda para o enfrentamento e a superação de conflitos e para uma convivência social fundamentada no diálogo.
Palavras-chave: Educação. Política educacional. Democracia. Gestão democrática.
A EXPERIÊNCIA ESTÉTICA COMO ACONTECIMENTO FORMATIVO ÉTICO
Authors: Lago Clênio , Vani Andressa Cristina
Published: October 2015

Partimos do entendimento de que o ensino de arte é portador de possibilidades
formativas, pois seu modo de ser originário originante é, essencialmente, o
modo de ser do diálogo. Por isso, pergunta-se pela compreensão da relação estética e formação dos arte-educadores que atuam na SDR de São Miguel do Oeste/SC. As argumentações teóricas estão estruturadas no horizonte da Hermenêutica Filosófica que questiona a distinção estética e compreende o ser com temporalidade, o humano como obra em obra. As respostas da pesquisa empírica indicam compreensões pouco apuradas quanto à experiência estética em si e a relação desta com a formação, ao mesmo tempo que chamam para a experiência estética como formação ética. Conclui- -se pela necessidade de uma formação de professores para além da distinção estética, no âmbito da compreensão profunda entre experiência estética e formação.
Palavras-chave: Ensino da Arte. Experiência Estética. Formação. Ética.
DIFICULDADES DE APRENDIZAGEM NO CONTEXTO DAS PRODUÇÕES ACADÊMICAS BRASILEIRAS (2001-2011)
Authors: Bortolatto Serafin Elaine Cristina , Serafim Pereira Antonio
Published: October 2015

Neste trabalho, descreve-se o processo de pesquisa com o qual se objetivou analisar as concepções de dificuldades de aprendizagem nas produções acadêmicas em educação (2001-2011). O estudo possibilitou formular três ênfases temáticas: dificuldade de aprendizagem diferente de distúrbio ou transtorno, dificuldade como distúrbio ou transtorno e fatores implicados (intrínsecos e extrínsecos). A primeira sobressaiu-se na maioria das produções, nas quais autores concebem as dificuldades como temporárias, mais associadas ao contexto social (fatores extrínsecos), o qual, no entanto, tende a ser tomado como justificativa para confirmar o caráter patológico da dificuldade de aprendizagem diagnosticada.

Palavras-chave: Concepções de dificuldades de aprendizagem. Fracasso escolar. Ensino e aprendizagem.
DIRETRIZES PARA AUTORES
Authors: Diersmann Admin Débora
Published: October 2015

Diretrizes para Autores
Specialities of the corporate tax in connection with the sports organizations
Authors: Herczeg Adrienn , Dékán Tamásné Orbán Ildikó , Becsky-Nagy Patrícia , Fenyves Veronika
Published: October 2015

In 2004 Hungary joined the EU, therefore its tax system is harmonized with EU directives and its trade with the EU is liberalized and exempt from customs restrictions. In the past few years Hungarian government introduced significant corporate tax advances in order to increase Hungary’s competitiveness for foreign capital. With the flat 10% corporate tax rate, Hungary has one of the the lowest corporate income tax rate in the European Union. Since 2011 new corporate tax incentive was adopted in order to create a tax advantageous economic environment for supporting the five most popular team sports in Hungary, namely, football, handball, basketball, water polo and ice hockey. The following article provides a rough guide on the corporate taxation – in particular of sport organizations in Hungary. 

JEL code: H25
Seeing Through the Noise: Seismic Survey Design in the Caspian Sea
Authors: Jackson Joseph , Brooks Chris , Dingler Allison , Harrison David , Lawrance Dominic
Published: October 2015

Imaging the giant Azeri and Chirag fields and the Deep Water Portion of the Gunashli field (ACG) in the Caspian Sea is a complex challenge. While the basic structure is a simple, large anticline, seismic imaging is hindered by a combination of mud volcanoes, shallow gas, complex overburden, high attenuation and multiples. Towed Streamer (TS) data successfully images some of the field, but significant uplift is seen on Ocean Bottom (OB) data.

In this paper the results of 2D field trials are analysed to understand how cleaner and higher resolution images may be obtained. Several passes of a 2D line were acquired in the field trials, with varying acquisition configurations and, unusually, recording simultaneously into TS and OB receivers. The limiting factors in existing data are examined, the potential benefits of deeper receiver towing and denser OB acquisition assessed, and recommendations made for future 3D acquisition.

Some well-established benefits of deep tow data are verified, such as the reduction in swell noise and decreased impact of the 0Hz ghost notch1. However, it is also shown that after careful denoise and deghosting, the shallow tow data is of similar quality. For OB data it is demonstrated that slow, aliased noise limits both data quality and useable bandwidth and that denser acquisition can successfully sample and remove this noise.

Particularly, it is shown that survey design must not only provide sampling of primary signal, up to a desired frequency, but also provide at least one processing domain in which the slowest and most complex noise modes are un-aliased to the same frequency. This usually occurs naturally in towed streamer surveys which have densely sampled shot gathers, but is not always the case for OB surveys.
A Petrophysical Procedure to Evaluate Permeability Behavior in Complex Reservoirs; Case Studies in IRAQI Oilfields
Authors: Al-Hilali Mazin Mohlab , Zein Al-Abideen Mohammed Jawad , Adegbola Femi , Avedisian Antwan Mahran
Published: October 2015

Formation permeability is one important flow parameter associated with subsurface production and injection. Reliable Formation permeability values are often measured in laboratory from cores or evaluated from well test data. Well logs Derived Permeability are associated with high accuracy with NMR logging; However, NMR logging, core analysis and well test data are usually available for few wells / specified intervals in a field, while, almost all other wells are logged conventionally.

The Procedure use Water Saturation and Effective Porosity Values as inputs; the Geological zonation is critical; each selected zone will be cross-plotted to evaluate the Irreducible water saturation factors then Archie's parameters for each level-by-level will evaluated using Gomes Iteration or Dialectic log method of Freeman et.al, afterward Pirson and Coates et al. methods will be utilized to calculate the reservoir permeability, these method improved to inclusive Archie's parameters, finally a Statistical convergence approach specifically Mean Absolute Error "MAE" method is utilize to validate the Results with other Permeability sources of Core, NMR and Pressure testing.

Case Studies were selected from Super-Giant Oil Fields located in Middle and South of Iraq to test the model applicability, due to the availability of Pressure Testing, Core analysis, Dielectric log and NMR logging data in complex reservoirs of these field.

key observations; There are no general Permeability model (equation) can characterize permeability even in subsequent formations and The Archie's Parameters have crucial effect on Permeability Values, the utilization of the proposed model have helped greatly to select the best-to-fit Permeability model for each Reservoir.

There are several Permeability Models in lectures, the select of best-fitted-Model to a Reservoir was and will continue as a matter of discussion. The understand the permeability behavior is critical and in this study an Integrated Petrophysical Procedure (using the aid of Core Analysis, Crossplot and the computer iteration) was presented to select the best Permeability Model.

The Novel significance of the proposed procedure were distinguished with its ease flexibility to include any other permeability model and it can be utilize in any other Oil Fields giving more understating to the permeability behavior in a selected reservoir.
Onshore Oil Spill Modeling and Assessment of Potential Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts from Operational Assets
Authors: Gibbons S. , Shaw J. , Tillotson S.
Published: October 2015

The paper identifies data requirements and outlines a methodology for development of a robust assessment to support analysis of environmental, socio-economic, safety and engineering risks associated with onshore operational oilfield assets. The approach utilizes spatial analysis to rapidly characterize high consequence areas associated with pipelines, operational wells and storage infrastructure. It aids understanding of the extent and timing of hydrocarbon releases thus supporting response planning, prioritization of asset improvements and ultimately minimizing potential impacts.

The approach to risk assessment uses stages of analysis to screen out assets based on their setting and release scenario to enable greater focus to be applied to the highest risk areas. Working from initial regional baseline data, pipelines and other operational assets can be segmented into areas with similar risk profiles with subsequent numerical analysis being commensurate with the level of risk in each area. Identification of high risk areas enables prioritization of subsequent data collection and analysis of which source-pathway-receptor pollutant linkages require the greatest level of assessment to most accurately analyze the overall level of potential risk.

The detailed analysis may involve a range of transport modeling that could include overland flow, ground penetration, subsurface migration, surface water transport and air emission assessments. This paper focuses on the use of GIS based tools to analyze overland flow risks from surface or near-surface releases. To complement the analysis a range of sensitivity mapping tools/approaches are used to generate risk heat maps to clearly illustrate the most significant effects associated with the releases being considered.

This approach has been successfully undertaken in a wide range of geographies and for a range of purposes to assess the extent to which released products from planned or existing wells, pipelines, storage tanks, process plants and storage pits migrate over & beneath the ground. This has allowed operators to: ▪Establish the critical timing of impacts on high consequence areas (HCAs) – e.g. populations, rivers, etc.;▪Inform site layout design (e.g. bunding height / location, positioning of emergency response equipment etc.);▪Assess mitigation options & prepare emergency response plans; and▪Iteratively assess consequence of engineering revisions and/or effects resulting from mitigation implementation.

The benefits of undertaking an assessment of this nature include reduced risk, enhanced reputation, lower financial exposure and provide a more robust evaluation to support financing. In some cases the assessment could reduce capital costs for unnecessary mitigation measures.
Archaeology in a Dynamic Landscape: Cultural Heritage in the Northern Caspian
Authors: Quesne Charles Le
Published: October 2015

This paper presents a new approach to the identification of cultural heritage resources in the Northern Caspian. With the analysis of historic sea-levels, the results of selective archaeological ground survey, satellite imagery, remote sensing technology lidar data, geomorphological analysis and historic mapping, it was possible to identify and map the prehistoric coastal landscape. These studies documented a cultural landscape along the north-eastern Caspian coast that had previously remained largely unknown, even by local specialists. They have demonstrated how the exceptional nature of the Caspian – as an inland sea – have both attracted human populations throughout history, and then often hidden the traces of this settlement as the result of landscape change. It has also revealed widespread remains of a largely forgotten recent past, with the sites of many Kazakh cemeteries and winter farms. Our approach has been to document these constraints as clearly as possible, to assess the level of risk they represent to planned and existing developments, and to provide clear management solutions. In doing so, we have been able to develop strategies that maintain our clients' operational objectives and programmes while preserving - and adding new insights into - the exceptional heritage of the region.
IT for the Remediation of the Geological Environment Poluted with the Petroleum Products: Experience of the Kazakh-Belarus Russian Joint Project
Authors: Khaustov A. , Redina M. , Mamchik S. , Onoshko M. , Gishkelyuk I. , Absametov M. , Shagarova L.
Published: October 2015

The objective of the poject is to create an expert system on rehabilitation of the geological environment polluted with petroleum products for the terriories of Kazakhstan, Russia and Belarus. Despite some specificity of the pollution (prevalence of certain sources) in all three countries, oil pollution is one of the most problematic. Thanks to the contacts between scientific teams is formed unified methodological basis for the development of the architecture of an expert system, filling its blocks, selecting optimal prediction models of pollution and effective methods of remediation.

Analyzed the existing models and software systems on migration of oil and petroleum products; estimated the possibility of their use in an expert system. Estimated losses of petroleum products during handling on model objects. In the following steps are carried out "assembly" of blocks of the expert system and its testing with potential users - decision makers in elimination of accidents and rehabilitation of the geological environment, representatives of environmental agencies, enterprises and other polluters.

Currently identified the problems of modeling of hydrocarbon pollution of the geological environment: underestimation of the detailed component composition and transformation processes of hydrocarbons, excessive simplification of their migration patterns; underestimation of self-organization processes in contaminated geological environment; insufficient accuracy of methods of chemical analysis of environmental pollution (such as extraction); fragmentation and the lack of justification for the content of oil products standards in soils. Formed architecture of the expert system. We select the models of pollution of geological environment for the territories of the participating countries, taking into account specificity of their areas (landscape features) and specific sources of pollution - model objects.

The project creates an effective information base to solve the problem by reducing the time for the development of management decisions, the optimal use of information for modeling and forecasting of contamination of the geological environment. Provides a higher environmental and economic performance of works on the rehabilitation of the geological environment.

Features of the project: focus on the potential recovery of the environment using its own reserves; selection of typical landscape conditions and model objects; Environmental expert system - an effective tool to support decision-making in crisis situations.

The complexity of the simulation often doesn't allows you to select sufficiently effective recovery technology. The created expert system can solve this problem for a variety of natural conditions and man-made objects and sources of pollution.
Complex New Design Equipment For Production of Two Layers With Different Reservoir Properties
Authors: Abbasov E. M. , Ibadov G. G.
Published: October 2015

When one of the production levels becomes so thin, that oil production using existing methods is unprofitable, it is better to operate it at the expense of the energy of a thicker formation. It requires development of new equipment capable to perform this function. In addition it should be noted when one of the reservoirs is depleted, maintaining of production level at the expense of other reservoir energy is urgent and may reduce the cost per one ton of produced products. To this end, a set of advanced equipment has been developed to operate these reservoirs. Designed setting allows operation of a low-powered upper bed at the expense of thicker lower reservoir energy. The new layer is operated by submersible, and the top one - by jet pumps. For this purpose, an advanced special-purpose packer has been developed allowing simultaneous wellbore and pump cable sealing. Products are blended and come to the land surface of the well along the central channel.

The unit has a special design back-pressure valve to prevent displacement of top layer products under more powerful lower pressure.
Variable Frequency Generator
Authors: Limanowka Wojciech A.(Andy) , Pettigrew Dana
Published: October 2015

The most common alternative for High-Line power in an oilfield is the use of a portable generator (Gen-Set) in combination with either a Fixed-Speed Drive (FSD) or a Variable-Speed Drive (VSD). Both of these configurations, however, have limitations.

In order to overcome these limitations, a novel type of Gen-Set, called a Variable-Frequency Generator (VFG), was designed and built with the capabilities of starting large motors and of operating them at a variable speed and voltage. The VFG is an engine-driven medium-voltage generator that provides electrical power at a variable frequency and a variable voltage with a perfect sine wave without harmonic distortions.

This technical paper reviews the factory- and field-test data of a 660[kW]/825[kVA] VFG system powering a 760[HP] ESP. The paper also describes in detail the benefits of a VFG system as compared to a Gen-Set/VSD or Gen-Set/FSD systems.
An Innovative, Efficient and Cost-Effective Water Deoiling Solution for Exploration and Production Testing Offshore by Using New Generation Mobile Light Water Treatment Unit
Authors: Griffith M. , Shumakov Y. A. , Akbayev B. , Fejervary R.
Published: October 2015

Eco-friendly water deoiling systems for effective water treatment presents a significant operational and environmental challenge during exploration and development well testing and clean-up operations in offshore environments.

As an alternative to traditional storage, transport, and disposal onshore, some offshore operations have attempted to use mobile water treatment systems to reduce the oil-in-water content from the produced water to an acceptable level, before safely discharging overboard in accordance with the local regulatory permitted environmental limits. When this can be routinely and effectively performed, offshore water treatment units may provide an efficient and cost effective alternative to conventional approaches of onshore treatment and disposal of aqueous effluents and waste streams.

This paper outlines the operational envelopes and limitations of current commercially available water deoiling systems, and introduces a relatively recently developed mobile light water treatment unit. This new generation light water treatment unit consists of a horizontal vessel containing five coalescing beds evenly distributed along the vessel length and inlet centrifuge for solids removal. The vessel combines both coalescing and gravity separation techniques that is capable of reducing oil-in-water (OIW) concentration to less than 20 ppm. The primary coalescing material is a reusable petroleum absorbent polymer that can be regenerated through centrifugation onshore. Therefore, unlike more traditional water filtration and deoiling systems, it generates no additional waste or by-products.

The field applications highlighted in this paper demonstrate the results and lessons learned from successful deployments of this new generation light water treatment unit in firstly offshore well test operations and subsequently the inspection and dewatering of subsea pipelines in environmentally sensitive areas.
An Integrated Approach to the Greenfield Development Strategy
Authors: Shigapova Diana , Makarova Ekaterina
Published: October 2015

The paper illustrates the approach to the formation of technological and instrumental base for selection of the optimal strategy to prepare the field for full-scale development and planning program of exploration plan/ experimental program, based on the example of multilayer field, including oil and gas condensate layers, differing in state of knowledge, conditions of sedimentation, reservoir properties, fluid properties, initial thermobaric conditions.

Several exploration wells were drilled on the field, the area is covered with 3D seismic, the set of well logs was carried out (including modern methods), the core was picked and analyzed, the wells were tested using exploration plan and experimental program.

The main purpose is to estimate geological and technological uncertainties and risks, and associated with them possible ranges of reserves and production levels. An algorithm for solving this problem included: review of the various options of geological structure, taking into account identified uncertainties, estimation of various development scenarios, taking into account technological risks separately for oil and gas reservoirs, and for the field as a whole.

Peculiarity of the work is the aggregation of modern technologies of modeling variability of the geological structure, filtration processes, estimation of key risks calculatingly of technical and economic indicators for each of the scenarios. As a result, against the background of negative economic indicators of field development, obtained according base scenario of development, it was detected that it is possible to use of current uncertainties and risks on the field as a tool to find alternative scenarios of economically viable development plans. Such approach, in case of confirmation in each scenario of hypotheses leads to increase of overall efficiency of the project. Based on the probability of confirmation of such scenarios, the strategy of exploration plan and experimental program of the field is formed, including the drilling of exploratory wells, their research, analytical and laboratory works. The program is presented in the form of a decision tree, allowing to see the course of events on "a step forward", depending on the result.

An integrated approach has allowed to optimize the program of exploration plan and experimental program: the amount of information needed to make decisions, received with fewer new exploration wells, that allowed to reduce the capital expenditures on the exploration plan and experimental program.
Efficiency Improvement of Vibrowave Devices Impact on the Bottomhole Formation Zone for the Intensification of Oil Recovery
Authors: Turbakov Mikhail S. , Shcherbakov Aleksandr A.
Published: October 2015

Application of enhanced oil recovery methods allows reducing filtration resistance in the bottomhole formation zone, stabilizing production and developing in the most effective way oil fields at the final stages with unconventional reserves. In order to improve and intensify oil production, reduce costs by increasing the efficiency of bottomhole formation zone treatment and time between failures of deep well pumping equipment the vibrowave impact device which allows conducting of bottomhole formation zone treatment without producing string lifting was designed.
Fine Formation During Brine-Crude Oil-Calcite Interaction in Smart Water Enhanced Oil Recovery for Caspian Carbonates
Authors: Chakravarty Krishna Hara , Fosbøl Philip Loldrup , Thomsen Kaj
Published: October 2015

Modified sea water has been shown to affect the oil recovery fraction considerably during secondary and tertiary waterfloods. Available soluble potential ions (i.e. Ca2+, Mg2+ & SO42-) in the interacting waterflood (ITW) are suggested to play a key role in increasing the displacement efficiency of oil. In previous studies, compositions of injected waterfloods (IJW) have been correlated to the observed oil recovery. This study highlights differences between IJW and ITW for different studies reported in literature.

To calculate the composition of ITW, the speciation calculation of IJW in contact with reservoir rock was conducted at the stated pressure and temperature conditions. The Extended UNIQUAC model was used because of its high accuracy and optimized parameters. The amounts of soluble ions in the ITW and the changes taking place due to dissolution/precipitation was calculated for 16 SmW-EOR experiments reported in literature.

The calculations showed that there can be significant amounts of fines formation in ITW during the use of different smart waterfloods. Fines formations were attributed to three primary causes. (1) Cation substitution on mineral surfaces. (2) Interaction between new IJW and existing brine in the pore space. (3) Variation in temperature and pressure conditions. Precipitation / dissolution of calcite, dolomite, and anhydrite created a significant difference between the IJW and ITW. The reservoir composition and NaCl concentration in IJW also play a significant role in possible fines formations. It was observed that the composition of soluble potential ions in ITW was significantly different from that in IJW. The amounts of soluble potential ions in ITW and the amounts of fines formation taking place was correlated to the observed oil recovery. The increased oil recovery observed in various experiments repeatedly correlated well with the amount of fines formed in the pore space. In several cases, the amount of soluble potential ions in the ITW did not correlate with the observed oil recovery. Experiments involving Caspian carbonate were also analyzed, and significant correlation between fines formation and oil recovery was observed. These results together suggest that fines formation can be used to explain both low salinity and smart water flooding experiments, and the two recovery processes may not necessarily have distinct mechanisms.

This study quantitatively explains a series of previous experiments reported in the literature and shows how fines formation can lead to major differences between the IJW and ITW. It also shows that fines formation previously unaccounted for can be precisely calculated at exact reservoir conditions using the Extended UNIQUAC model.
Bayesian Identifying of Influential Factors Affecting Steamflooding Processes Performance in Heterogeneous Bitumen-Oil Sandstone Reservoir
Authors: Al-Mudhafar Watheq J. , Klimenko Denis
Published: October 2015

The Steamflooding was considered in this research to extract discontinuous bitumen layers and improve oil recovery in the Upper Sandstone Member of South Rumaila Oil Field, located in Southern Iraq. The reservoir heterogeneity and bitumen layers, which are located at the water-oil contacts, impede water approaching into the reservoir from an infinite active aquifer; therefore, Steamflooding came over this situation by efficiently extracting the bitumen. This research focused on using a Bayesian framework of Experimental design with thermodynamic reservoir flow modeling for the purpose of identifying the most influential factors that impact the reservoir performance through Steamflooding processes. Thermodynamic reservoir simulation was used to compute flow response, cumulative oil production, to evaluate the various what-if scenarios that are created by experimental design. Latin Hypercube Sampling was adopted for its discrepancy and uniformity to generate many experimental runs that capture the variety of Steamflooding process evaluation.

The factors that were considered to test reservoir response are steam injection pressure, steam quality, steam injection rate, steam temperature, maximum oil production rate, minimum bottom hole pressure, maximum water cut, skin factor. Additionally, the reservoir properties of horizontal permeability, porosity, anisotropy ratio, aquifer radius, and rock compressibility are included. In order to find out the most influential factors on the Steamflooding performance, Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) was adopted as model selection in the experimental design in comparison with the conventional stepwise linear regression. Model selection process in BMA considers the model’s posterior probability and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). BMA produces a posterior distribution of the outcome factor that represents the weighted average of the posterior distributions of that factor for each likely model. Among multi models, few ones were selected that their posterior probabilities sum equals one. The best model selection has the maximum posterior probability and minimum Bayesian Information Criterion; nevertheless, the reduced model is determined when the non-zero probability of coefficient for a given predictor equals more than 50% for all the sampled models.

All these variables are shown in the computed Occam’s window. The results showed that BMA algorithm has efficiently eliminate the non-influential factors on the Steamflooding performance. The most influential factors on the Steamflooding performance were identified by LHS are maximum oil production rate, maximum water cut, in addition to permeability, porosity, anisotropy ratio and rock compressibility. However, the conventional stepwise regression has shown that porosity is the most influential factor with limited effect for all other factors that is physically meaningless.
Hostile Environment Electric Line Well Interventions Optimize Operations in Kazakhstan
Authors: Etuhoko Mike , Viti Massimo , Zmeyevskiy Sergey , Izbassov Arman , Bersugurov Yerdos , Hutson Peter , Aibazarov Muratbek , Clayton Dave
Published: October 2015

Electro-hydraulic robotic tools that perform well interventions on electric line (e-line) have come of age over the past 10 years and can now be used to accomplish tasks previously done with the use of jointed pipes and/or coiled tubing conveyance system. Examples of such tasks are downhole milling, shifting of stimulation sleeves, etc.

Surface real time monitoring and control features are required to ensure that such tasks done by robotic tools are successfully achieved with high accuracies. As the demand increases to use this type of powered devices in a more hostile well environment, service companies have developed technologies to expand their operating range.

Starting from late 2013, the robotic technology solution has been used in KPO horizontal sour wells to close stimulation sleeves when required for reservoir fluid management, to convey perforation guns, to convey production logging tools and to mill frac balls and ball seats.

This paper will present four case histories of the robotic technology application in the Karachaganak field. It will discuss the advantages of the technologies, the challenges and the future improvement required to further optimize the field operations.