bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patterns of development of advanced clonal apple rootstocks of the Michurinsk State Agrarian University selection in the mother plantation
Authors: Dubrovsky Maxim L. , Kruzhkov Andrey V. , Churikova Nataliya L. , Papikhin Roman V. , Usova Galina S.
Published: August 2020

This paper reveals main patterns of development of advanced clonal apple rootstocks of the Michurinsk State Agrarian University selection in the mother plantation. The studied growth and development indicators of shoots, as well as the level of their rooting in 40 genotypes, demonstrate significant heterogeneity of hybrid plants, which is due to their different genetic origin and the associated unequal growth force of parent shrubs. Correlations between the main quantitative morphological characters of parent shrubs of the studied genotypes were revealed. An interrelation of the height of the parent shrub and the area of its leaf surface is noted - on the expectation of 0.71 shoot; for the entire uterine shrub – of 0.45; between the output of standard layering from the shrub and the average rooting score (at 0.72). Promising clonal rootstocks with high yield indices in the mother plantation have been identified.
Effect of different dosages of organic substrate on the catalase activity and the anthocyanins content in the one-year-old shoots of apple tree
Authors: Guryanova Julya V. , Khmyrov Viktor D. , Guryanov Dmitry V. , Khatuntsev Pavel Yu. , Aliev Taymaskhan H.-H.
Published: August 2020

Studies were carried out on the catalase and anthocyanins content in the cortex of one-year-old shoots of apple trees using different dosages of introducing an organic substrate at a dose of 10 t/ha; 25 t/ha; 40 t/ha in the fruit garden. Two varieties were used in the experiments: one of the summer term of ripening – Mechta, and one of winter ripening – Bogatyr, which were grafted onto rootstock 54-118. Studies have shown that the use of an organic substrate at a rate of 10 t/ha and 25 t/ha contributed to an increase in frost resistance in both of the studied varieties. Biochemical processes proceeded more smoothly with the addition of 25 t/ha in both of the studied varieties. Respiratory processes proceeded uniformly, as indicated by the activity of catalase; the accumulation and decrease of anthocyanins were observed according to the regularity of the dormancy period of plants. The dose of 40 t/ha contributed to the inhibition of the regular course of biochemical processes in apple trees, which caused reduction of frost resistance of the apple tree. Such plants are subsequently subject to decrease in frost resistance, and as a result – to yield decrease.
Biotechnological basis for application of growth regulators for rooting of green cuttings of trees and shrubs in a greenhouse with a misting system
Authors: Shchukin Roman A. , Bogdanov Oleg E. , Zavoloka Ilya P. , Ryazanov Gennady S. , Kruglov Nikolay M.
Published: August 2020

This article presents data on the rooting of green cuttings of the studied species of ornamental trees and shrubs in a greenhouse with a misting system. We accounted the number of days from planting to the root formation and the number of rooted cuttings for each replication during our performance. We studied the influence of root formation stimulants on the rooting rate of various types of ornamental deciduous, flowering and coniferous plants. The effect of application of root formation stimulants is confirmed by the formation of a high-quality root system that is superior in length to those that were vegetated without “Kornevin”. However, the use of root formation stimulants is not advisable on shrubby cinquefoil, common privet and common lilac “Mademoiselle Casimir Perier”, because there is practically no increase in the rooting rate of cuttings in these plant species, compared to the control plants.
A study of the genetic polymorphism of Plasmopara viticola in the vineyards of the Krasnodar Territory
Authors: Makarkina Marina V. , Tokmakov Sergey V. , Ilnitskaya Elena T.
Published: August 2020

Plasmopara viticola oomycete is a seasonal pathogen that causes one of the most harmful diseases of the grapevine – downy mildew. The study of the biodiversity of Plasmopara viticola in various zones of viticulture has fundamental goals, as well as practical ones, as it is important for understanding the epidemiological cycle of P. viticola and for refining disease prediction models. The purpose of the work is to study the genetic diversity of P. viticola in the vineyards of the Krasnodar Territory, including on the grape varieties with different levels of resistance to downy mildew. The study was conducted on pathogens samples collected on grape plants of varieties with varying degrees of resistance to downy mildew. The collection of material was carried out in May-August 2019 in various zones of the Krasnodar Territory. 48 samples of P. viticola were analyzed. The DNA markers BER, ISA, CES, GOB, PV91, PV137, PV143, PV144 recommended for studying the genetic diversity of P. viticola were used. The work was performed by PCR. The amplification products were evaluated by the method of fragment analysis. DNA-marker GOB identified 37 alleles of different sizes, PV144 – 20, CES – 10, BER – 3, PV91 – 3, PV137 – 2, ISA – 1, PV143 – 1. It was shown that P. viticola populations are variable on different varieties and in different geographical areas. This study was conducted in the Krasnodar Territory for the first time.
Features of application of No-till technology on chernozems of the Central Ciscaucasia
Authors: Tshovrebov Valeriy S. , Faizova Vera I. , Novikov Andrey A. , Lysenko Vera Y. , Kalugin Dmitriy V.
Published: August 2020

Studies were carried out on ordinary carbonate chernozems under winter wheat. No-till technology is applied on more than 200 thousand ha in the Central Ciscaucasia. There are features in the application of this technology related to the composition, properties of chernozems and weather conditions of the territory. An increase in the content of nitrogen (by 20–25 mg kg-1) and phosphorus (by 4–6 mg kg-1) in the soil was established as a result of the use of No-till compared to plowing for 5 years. The study revealed an increase in the amount of soil microflora: ammonifiers by 2.5-2.7 times; nitrifying agents by 2.8-3.0 times; nitrogen fixing agents of the genus Azotobacter by 4.5-7.0 times; cellulose-destroying microorganisms by 10-12 times in a layer of 0-20 cm of soil. In the seasonal cycle, the largest number of microbes was in the flowering phase of wheat, and the smallest in the spring at the beginning of the growing season. Winter wheat yields during the observation period averaged to 4.61 t/ha for plowing and increased due to the proposed technology up to 5.34 t/ha. The quality of the products (protein, gluten, grain weight) did not change significantly. Calculations of economic efficiency showed that the level of profitability when using No-till technology is 68-72%, and when plowing it is reduced by 25-30%. Profit from 1 ha was 17-18 thousand rubles against 8-10 thousand rubles, respectively
Search for new cultured lipophilic bacteria in industrial fat-containing wastes
Authors: Gerasimchuk Anna L. , Ivasenko Denis A. , Bukhtiyarova Polina A. , Antsiferov Dmitry V. , Frank Yulia A.
Published: August 2020

Fat-containing wastes that are generated as a result of industrial production of food products and are being accumulated in large quantities in wastewater and sewage treatment plants and present a serious environmental problem. Microorganisms that decompose various types of lipids may be potential candidates for creation of commercial bioformulations for fat destruction. The aim of the study was to obtain pure cultures of lipophilic bacteria from fat-containing wastes, to study their diversity and activity for the development of a biological product. As a result, 30 strains of different phylogenetic groups with lipolytic activity was obtained. The most isolated strains were represented by enterobacteria and pseudomonas members within theGammaproteobacteria.Almost half of the isolated strains were closely related to conditionally pathogenic microorganisms such asSerratia,Klebsiellaetc. Non-pathogenic strains and promising for biotechnology ones belonged toPseudomonas citronellolis,P. nitroreducens,P. synxantha,P. extremaustralis,Bacillus subtilis,B. amyloliquefaciens,Brevibacillus brevisandMicrovirgulasp.
Biotransformation of flaxseed meal by effective microorganisms and possibility of application in aquaculture
Authors: Sazonova Irina A. , Osina Tatyana S. , Smutnev Petr V. , Zhnichkova Elena G. , Shpul Sergey V.
Published: August 2020

This article describes studies on the impact of effective microorganisms of the “Baikal EM-1” probiotic on the biotransformation of flaxseed meal, its organoleptic and chemical parameters, and changes in amino acid and fatty acid compositions. It has been established that after fermentation in flaxseed meal, the amount of fiber decreases, it saturates with protein, and the amount of essential and non-essential amino acids increases. We made an analysis of the feed value of biotransformed meal depending on the probiotic concentration for the purpose of further use in the feeding of carps – the most effective probiotic concentration for biotransformation was selected. The effect of replacing part of the feed with biotransformed flaxseed meal on the change in liveweight and biochemical parameters of fish blood was studied. Positive dynamics of fishes’ liveweight was noted. The inexpediency of feeding unfermented meal to carps is proved.
Studying the effect of tissue-specific expression of theK1gene encoding LysM-receptor-like kinase on the development of symbiosis in peas
Authors: Kirienko Anna N. , Dolgikh Elena A.
Published: August 2020

To study the role of pea LysM receptor-like kinase K1 in the coordination of the infection process, starting in epidermis and nodule organogenesis in the root cortex of plants, during the development of rhizobium-legume symbiosis, the genetic constructs in whichK1gene was cloned under the control of tissue-specific promoter pLeEXT1 of tomatoLycopersicon esculentumextensin gene and the constitutive promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV35S, cauliflower mosaic virus 35S) were obtained. During the transformation of the Nod-mutant line, thek1-1,with two types of constructs, the restoration of nodule formation was observed, which indicated the possible participation of K1 in the control not only early, but also later stages of symbiosis development in pea.
Influence of fungicides on toxigenic properties of phytopathogenic fungi
Authors: Baybakova Ekaterina V. , Nefed’eva Elena E. , Belitskaya Maria N. , Gribust Irina R. , Kosogorina Margarita D. , Sevriukova Galina A.
Published: August 2020

Fusarium infection promotes losses of yield and death of plants. Fusarium infections are dangerous because grains contain fusariotoxins that cause intoxication in humans and animals, as well as necrosis of plant tissues and changes in plant growth. Fungicides inhibit the growth of mycelium, but strobilurins are known to promote the production of mycotoxins by fungi, and triazoles, on the contrary, reduce the production of deoxynivalenol. The toxigenic effect of fungicides was assessed by biotest method. Wheat grains were germinated with the addition of disinfected culture fluid. The culture fluid after the cultivation of Fusarium oxysporum with addition of azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin in small doses was toxic for grains. The death of a significant part of the grains was noted in it. The fungistatic effect of small doses was not expressed. Therefore, the adaptation of the fungus was realized as a change in metabolism. High doses of azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin in culture fluid increased seed germination. Those doses had a fungistatic effect. The addition of carbendazim increased the fungistatic effect and decreased the toxicity of the strain. Development of combined fungicides with sufficient doses of active substances reduces the risk of inhibition of the growth of the protected crops.
Agroecological aspects of application of Pseudomonas sp. DA1.2 in overcoming herbicidal stress in wheat
Authors: Timergalin Maxim. D. , Feoktistova Arina V. , Rameev Timur V. , Khudaygulov Gaisar G. , Starikov Sergei N. , Chetverikov Sergei P.
Published: August 2020

This article submits results of laboratory and field experiments on the effect of an auxin-producing bacterial strain Pseudomonas sp. DA1.2 in comparison with Pseudomonas koreensis IB-4 on wheat plants in conjunction with the “Chistalan” herbicide treatment. Our work shows the positive effect of bacterial treatments on plant growth, the relative water content in leaves and the role of bacteria in the redistribution of ABA and IAA in wheat shoots under conditions of herbicidal stress. Application of Pseudomonas sp. DA1.2 together with the herbicide in the field of the steppe zone led to an increase in yield by 20% relative to the control variant. This bacterial strain helps to overcome herbicidal stress and is a promising agent for improving the technology of using synthetic auxins herbicides.
The role of epiphytic populations in pathogenesis of the genus Xanthomonas bacteria
Authors: Kyrova Elena I. , Dzhalilov Fevzi S. , Ignatov Alexander N.
Published: August 2020

Global climate warming and involvement of new regions with endemic populations of microorganisms in commercial seed production have led to an increase in the diversity of phytopathogenic bacteria that are affecting major crops, including the fruit trees. As a rule, emergence of new pathogens is associated with importation of infected seeds and planting material, cultivation of new species and varieties of plants, and expansion of agricultural trade with foreign countries. One of the leaders in diversity among phytopathogens is the genus Xanthomonas bacteria, affecting more than 400 plant species. Among the characteristic signs of xanthomonads is the high frequency of horizontal gene transfer both within the genus and between phylogenetically removed bacterial taxa – up to 25% of the genes are of this origin. In this paper, we consider another source of increasing the number of phytopathogenic species – by the epiphytic populations. These bacteria are the likely ancestral form of the phytopathogenic bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas.
Why is getting credit for your data so hard?
Authors: Haak Wouter , Zigoni Alberto , Kardinaal-de Mooij Helen , Zudilova-Seinstra Elena
Published: August 2020

Institutions, funding bodies, and national research organizations are pushing for more data sharing and FAIR data. Institutions typically implement data policies, frequently supported by an institutional data repository. Funders

typically mandate data sharing. So where does this leave the researcher? How can researchers benefit from doing the additional work to share their data?

In order to make sure that researchers and institutions get credit for sharing their data, the data needs to be tracked and attributed first. In this paper we investigated where the research data ended up for 11 research institutions, and how this data is currently tracked and attributed. Furthermore, we also analysed the gap between the research data that is currently in institutional repositories, and where their researchers truly share their data.

We found that 10 out of 11 institutions have most of their public research data hosted outside of their own institution. Combined, they have 12% of their institutional research data published in the institutional data repositories. According to our data, the typical institution had 5% of their research data (median) published in the institutional repository, but there were 4 universities for which it was 10% or higher.

By combining existing data-to-article graphs with existing article-to- researcher and article-to-institution graphs it becomes possible to increase tracking of public research data and therefore the visibility of researchers sharing their data typically by 17x. The tracking algorithm that was used to perform analysis and report on potential improvements has subsequently been implemented as a standard method in the Mendeley Data Monitor product. The improvement is most likely an under-estimate because, while the recall for datasets in institutional repositories is 100%, that is not the case for datasets published outside the institutions, so there are even more datasets still to be discovered.
National bibliographic data for studies of social sciences and humanities: towards interoperability
Authors: Sīle Linda , Aspeslagh Peter , Eykens Joshua , Guns Raf
Published: August 2020

National bibliographic data bring numerous opportunities for science studies, especially when integrating data from multiple data sources. The use of multiple data sources, however, is hindered by the lack of interoperability. Although progress has been made in developing persistent international identifiers such as ISBN, DOI, and GRID, the interoperability between different data sources still poses challenges at several levels. We reflect upon these challenges with a focus on conceptual and methodological aspects with respect to the Academic Book Publisher Register (ABP), a comprehensive international list of publishers that is created by integrating multiple publisher lists used in different countries. This register, currently in development, is primarily meant to be used in research evaluation settings. At the same time it is potentially a valuable source of data for studies focused on publishing in different knowledge domains. In discussing the challenges encountered while making the ABP, we focus on two main issues: delineation of publishers and establishing connection between local lists and the ABP. In this paper we discuss possible ways to overcome these obstacles and draw conclusions in relation to other data sources that can be of use in research within the social sciences and humanities.
Media-Analytics.org: A Resource to Research Language Usage by News Media Outlets
Authors: Rozado David
Published: August 2020

Most citizens in modern liberal democracies regularly consume news media content to inform themselves about current affairs. Thus, content analysis of news and opinion articles from popular media outlets can provide rich insight about the cultural milieu where such textual artifacts originated. Combining computational tools for content analysis with human led finesse can help an analyst exploit the capabilities of scalable computational methods while also leveraging human skills and expertise to guide the analysis. This work introduces an online tool, the http://media-analytics.org website, that empowers researchers by providing modern analytics tools to study language usage in textual content from news and opinion articles of major media outlets. Due to the diachronic nature of news articles, the Media-Analytics.org website allows the exploration of temporal dynamics in word frequency usage and strength of association between word pairs. It is the hope of the author that these tools can help other researchers gain insights about the temporal flux in language usage by major news media organizations.
Effect of the crystallinity of NCD and MLD diamond coatings characterized by same level of residual stresses after annealing on their fatigue strength and wear behavior in milling
Authors: Skordaris Georgios , Kotsanis Tilemachos , Boumpakis Apostolos , Stergioudi Fani
Published: August 2020

Nano-composite (NCD) and multi-layered (MLD) diamond coatings were deposited on cemented carbide tools using hot filament chemical vapour deposition (HFCVD) techniques. Appropriate annealings were conducted on the examined diamond coatings in order to be characterized by the same level of residual stresses. The crystalline structure of the employed diamond coatings was investigated by conducting Raman spectra. Inclined impact tests at ambient and elevated temperatures were carried out for assessing their temperature-dependent fatigue strength. Moreover, the wear behaviour of diamond coated inserts was investigating in milling aluminum foam. Raman spectra were also conducted on the treated diamond coatings for capturing potential crystalline changes developed due to the exercised thermal and dynamic mechanical loads during cutting. According to the attained results, the coexistence of sp2– and sp3-bonded phases in the cases of MLD diamond coatings results in an accelerated wear development, despite their structure capability to decelerate the crack propagation. As a result, nano-crystalline diamond coatings characterized only by sp3-bonded phase exhibit an improved wear behaviour. The cutting performance of the NCD coated inserts is further improved due to the enhanced tribological properties of the NCD coatings.
Stop wasting! A plea for maintenance
Authors: Banciu Felicia Veronica , Pămîntaş Eugen
Published: August 2020

It is produced, it is worn out, it is thrown away, it is becoming more and more polluted, it is recovering, but it is not completely away, and therefore the material reserves are diminished and some have become even deficient. The handiest solution, at least to slow down the dynamics of pollution and draining of supplies of materials and materials is maintenance. In the following we will explore this solution to make it as efficient and available as possible in industrial application.
Design of a spiral bevel gear acc. to ISO 23509:2006 standards
Authors: Tsiafis Ioannis , Mamouri Polychronia , Kyriakidis Kyriakos
Published: August 2020

When the transmitting of power and torque between parts of a machine requires high efficiency, the most appropriate type of gears are the bevel gears. The two main forms of bevel gears are straight and spiral bevel gears. Manufacturing of bevel gears has been implemented using dedicated bevel gear cutting machines. These machines make the production of this type of gears quite costly. This is the main reason that forced many manufacturers start using CNC milling machines for cutting bevel gears. A combination of a 5-axis milling center machine and a modern computer aided manufacturing (CAM) system that supports a vast number of complicated machining procedures, offers the opportunity of machining high quality bevel gears. This paper concerns the presentation of a program written in MATLAB that calculates the basic designing features of a bevel gear pair, as they described by ISO standard. It is also presented the calculated tooth profiling that is used in order to be designed a 3-D model of the gears in a CAD software.
Circular economy framework for sustainable product design strategies
Authors: Alivojvodic Vesna , Drobac Jelena , Maksić Predrag , Stamenovic Marina
Published: August 2020

Limited global resources, climate changes, growing population, combined with demand for sustainable products, indicate the need for change of existing production and consumption practices. In order of achieving more regenerative, restorative, and circular economy, design has been recognized as a catalyst for moving away from the traditional linear economy model (take-make-dispose). As shifting focus from quantity to quality, and finding new ways of working in cooperation with the nature, slowly becoming paradigm, it is important for designers committed to sustainability to have in mind environmental, social and economic performance of product design. This paper aims to address position of different product design strategies correlated with circular economy concept, as well as the opportunities for designers’ to shift their mindset from the position of creators to solution providers.
A novel printing channel design for multi-material extrusion additive manufacturing
Authors: Urhal Pinar
Published: August 2020

Additive manufacturing has a great potential in terms of its capability to produce components with complex geometries and to make multi-material and composite products by combining different materials in a single manufacturing platform. Current trends for the multi-material extrusion additive manufacturing process are categorized by multi-nozzle systems and multi-material inlet systems. In the case of multiple nozzle system, materials are deposited from different nozzles in sequence. On the other hand, in the case of multi-material inlet system, different materials are sent into a mixing tube and deposited as a mixture of materials. In this case, functionally graded parts can be fabricated by changing the volume fraction of two or more materials. Hence, the fabrication of parts with a continuous material supply by varying ratios for the extrusion technologies requires the development of printing heads with suitable printing channels, capable of varying the mixing ratio of different materials. To evaluate the effect of different printing channel designs on the material’s flow pattern and the functionally graded material printability, this paper presents a three-dimensional transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of the two miscible liquid-liquid system in a printing channel. Different geometries and materials are considered
Usability evaluation of mechatronic system by primary school children
Authors: Chatzikyrkou Maria
Published: August 2020

The paper examines the ease of use of a mechatronic system by children aged 7-12+ years living in the area of Thessaloniki. The research was conducted on students who participated in educational robotics seminars and as the results show, the trainees consider a mechatronic system very easy to use. The study concluded that older boys in particular were more familiar, than girls, in the construction and the programming of mechatronic systems. Children seem to be excited and this is evidenced by their strong desire to use it often. The area criterion does not make difference to the results. It seems clear that a mechatronic system is easy to use by primary school children. Through educational robotics, children can be taught in the different objects that combine this special tool. Learning takes the form of a game and escape from the narrow boundaries of conventional teaching that is now outdated and without interest.
An AM-oriented vehicle chassis’ A-Pillar Design Approach
Authors: Kyriazis Agisilaos , Koulocheris Dimitrios , Polydoras Stamatios , Vossou Clio
Published: August 2020

Design and production of highly demanding structural systems, such as the chassis, still rely on conventional forming and welding approaches, both because of their proven performance and the economies of scale achieved. Nevertheless, manufacturing of several chassis’ segments is also expected to soon gradually switch towards AM, for increased design freedom and optimized performance. This paper proposes an alternative design approach for the A-pillar, a typical passenger car chassis segment; a design suitable in form for AM and equally capable in terms of its dynamic behavior, without undermining the chassis’ safety. Prior A-pillar designs along with already published innovative AM-suited design approaches are reviewed. Moreover, these serve as a starting point for an inverse design towards the intended new AM-suited A-pillar alternative. Emphasis is given in the dynamic characteristics of the new structure, through proper modal analysis performed. Finally, the presented research concludes with a scaled-down assessment and verification prototype of the new design, planned to be built via FDM 3D Printing. The prototype is expected to demonstrate primary, as well as secondary/latent benefits from the use of AM in A-pillars, such as the increased diagonal visibility for drivers and passengers, arising from the redesigned, mesh-like form of the segment.
Non-destructive testing of welded fatigue specimens
Authors: Papanikolaou Sofia , Fasnakis Dimitrios , Maropoulos Andreas , Giagopoulos Dimitrios , Maropoulos Stergios , Theodoulidis Theodoros
Published: August 2020

Non-destructive tests were conducted on welded fatigue specimens prepared using the same steel material and welding method as the one used in the manufacture and repair procedures of a KRUPP SchRs 600 bucket wheel excavator to reveal any defects present. The chemical composition, the mechanical properties, tendency to cracks and the microstructure of the bucket wheel material were determined using appropriate tests. The initiation of cracks and their subsequent growth during fatigue testing of the welded specimens was studied using ultrasound testing (UT) and a metallographic examination in order to investigate the causes of failure during service and predict fatigue life of the bucket wheel welded parts. It was found that the welding method used produces welds with numerous discontinuities that can only be detected using ultrasound techniques.
Research Methods And Experiments of Piezoelectric Plates
Authors: Wróbel Andrzej
Published: August 2020

The correct design of technical systems requires consideration of both geometrical and material parameters not only of the mechanical part, but also of the electrical part of the system. The correct assessment of characteristics and testing of intelligent systems should be carried out by both theoretical analyzes and laboratory tests. Usually this description is by means of mathematical equations. The ideal solution is in which it is possible to refine the object in such a way that the obtained model is the most accurate, and even the same as the physical model. Considering the complexity of the model, computational cost, computational possibilities and time-consuming calculations would practically prevent the use of this model. Intelligent materials are more often used for active vibration damping. They can be defined as a group of materials that have the ability to change their physical properties in an appropriate way as a result of external influences. One of the most popular materials in this group are piezoelectric materials. They are used where it is necessary to reduce vibrations with small amplitudes of μm and work in high frequency ranges. In the presented article, the author will attempt to refine the model of intelligent materials with particular emphasis on piezoelectric plates.
Vibration isolation performance of an elevator motor using Nitrile-Butadiene Rubber /Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube composite machine mounts
Authors: Tsongas Konstantinos , Mansour Gabriel
Published: August 2020

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the vibration isolation performance of an elevator motor mounted on elastomeric nanocomposite mounts. A series of conventional acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) mounts have been reinforced with 20wt% concentration of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The vibration isolation capacity of the machine mounts was calculated through the transmissibility of an elevator motor test system. A Finite Element Model (FEM) was introduced and a harmonic analysis based on the ANSYS code has been utilized to investigate the modal behavior of the nanocomposite machine mount/elevator motor system and extract a representative model of the vibrational behavior. The cyclic compression results have revealed that the stiffness and damping capacity of the conventional elastomers can be modified by adjusting the proportion of MWCNTs. Elastomers’ vibration isolation performance of the motor was ameliorated with the inclusion of MWCNTs, signifying that the enhancement of the elastomers with MWCNTs was rather effective. The vibration level of the elevator motor was decreased to 90% by incorporating the optimal concentration of MWCNTs in NBR mounts.
Growth of hydrophobic membrane on copper surface and study of its corrosive behavior
Authors: Baxevani Αikaterini , Stergioudi Fani , Mavropoulos Αzarias , Michailidis Νikolaos
Published: August 2020

Hydrophobic films were produced on a copper surface by chemical methods. The whole process consisted of three stages. Initially the hierarchical structure of the surface was achieved by in situ reduction of Ag+ ions to Ag using silver nitrate solution, thereby creating a nanostructured surface. The copper surface was then coated with polydopamine by a simple immersion procedure. Finally, it was decorated with thiols, to achieve a hydrophobic surface. The wetting angle was used to evaluate the hydrophobicity of the produced surfaces. The anti-corrosion behavior of the produced hydrophobic films, were evaluated on the specimens that showed higher hydrophobicity by electrochemical methods. Electrochemical techniques (potentiodynamic polarization and resistance spectroscopy tests) were performed in 3.5% NaCl solution. Morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All experimental results showed a clear improvement in the corrosion behavior of the hydrophobic copper surfaces while the hydrophobicity was maintained after the corrosion tests.
Fast simulation of grain growth based on Orientated Tessellation Updating Method
Authors: Weisz-Patrault Daniel , Sakout Sofia , Ehrlacher Alain
Published: August 2020

This work is part of a more general idea consisting in developing a macroscopic model of grain growth whose state variables contain for each material point the statistical descriptors of the microstructure (e.g., disorientation, grain size and shape distributions). The strategy is to determine macroscopic free energy and dissipation potentials on the basis of a large number of computations at the scale of the polycrystal. The aim is to determine enriched macroscopic evolution laws. For sake of simplicity, this contribution only deals with grain growth of a single phased metal without diffusion or segregation of alloying elements. In order to test this upscaling strategy it is necessary to establish a simulation tool at the scale of the polycrystal. It should be sufficiently simple and fast to enable a large number of simulations of various microstructures, even if it leads to neglect some phenomena occurring at this scale. Usual grain growth models relying on mobile finite element modeling, level set functions, phase field or molecular dynamics are too computationally costly to be used within the proposed framework. Therefore, this paper focuses on the development of a “toy” model. Tessellation techniques are usually used to approximate polycrystalline microstructures. Therefore, one can approximate the real evolution of the microstructure as a succession of tessellation approximations. It then becomes quite natural to attempt to establish the evolution law of the microstructure directly on the parameters defining the tessellation. The obtained model is very light in terms of computational cost and enables to compute a large number of evolutions within the framework of the proposed statistical upscaling method.
Particle-laden flow around an obstacle in a square pipe: experiments and modeling
Authors: Ait Oucheggou Ouardia , Pointeau Véronique , Ricciardi Guillaume , Guazzelli Élisabeth , Bergougnoux Laurence
Published: August 2020

Particle trapping and deposition around an obstacle occur in many natural and industrial situations and in particular in the nuclear industry. In the steam generator of a nuclear power plant, the progressive obstruction of the flow due to particle deposition reduces the efficiency and can induce tube cracking leading to breaking and damage. The steam generator then loses its role as a safety barrier of the nuclear power plant. From a fundamental standpoint, dilute and concentrated particulate flows have received a growing attention in the last decade. In this study, we investigate the transport of solid particles around obstacles in a confined flow. Experiments were performed in a simplified configuration by considering a laminar flow in a vertical tube. An obstacle was inserted at the middle height of the tube and neutrally-buoyant particles were injected at different locations along the tube. We have investigated first the trajectories of individual particles using particle tracking (PT). Then, the particle trajectories were modeled by using the Boussinesq-Basset-Oseen equation with a flow velocity field either measured using particle image velocimetry (PIV) or calculated by the Code_Saturne software in order to account for the three-dimensional (3D) character of the obstacle wake. This paper presents a comparison between the experimental observations and the predictions of the modeling for an obstacle consisting of a rectangular step at a Reynolds number of ≈100 and evidences the importance of accounting for the 3D complex nature of the flow.
Comparison between a wax/volatile oil mixture and vegetable butters in a long-lasting make-up formula: A rheological and structural study compared to product performance
Authors: Hubert Charlène , Meriadec Cristelle , Panizza Pascal , Artzner Franck , de Clermont-Gallerande Hélène
Published: August 2020

The long-lasting make-up was created to avoid migration of the product on the skin throughout the day. Currently, the formulation technology most commonly used to obtain it is based on the use of film-forming agents with volatile oils. However, with the growing trend in natural cosmetics, petroleum-based volatile compounds are increasingly being abandoned. The objective of this study is to determine whether a mixture of plant-based butters can be chosen to replace a mixture of volatile oil and synthetic wax in a long-lasting eyeshadow. Initial comparisons were made between two jojoba butters and a wax/volatile oil mixture in order to identify the best candidate to replace the latter. Then, the best candidate was incorporated into formula and finished formulas were compared using sensory evaluation, rheology and X-ray scattering. The results show that it is possible to preserve texture, rheological properties and structural organization of a formula by replacing a wax/oil mixture with vegetable butters. However, this does not mean that the formulas will behave the same on the eyelids over time. This work illustrates the real complexity faced by formulators when they must replace one raw material with another while guaranteeing the durability of all the product’s properties. This challenge is more relevant today as consumer demand for products based on natural ingredients is growing.
Osteoporose
Authors: Kurth Andreas , Rauschmann Michael , Hadji Peyman
Published: August 2020

Etwa 50 % der Frauen und 20 % der Mann ab 50 Jahren erleiden eine osteoporosebedingte Fraktur. Knochenbrüche im Alter sind die Ursache für ein erhöhtes Risiko für weitere Frakturen, eine erhöhte Sterblichkeit, zusätzliche Erkrankungen und Einschränkung der körperlichen Funktionen und dadurch reduzierte Lebensqualität und Verlust der Unabhängigkeit im täglichen Leben. Das übergeordnete Ziel der Diagnostik und Behandlung von Osteoporosepatienten besteht darin, Frakturen zu verhindern.
Infiltrationen und Radiofrequenztherapie der lumbalen und zervikalen Facettengelenke und der Iliosakralgelenke: Überblick, Evidenz und Ergebnisse
Authors: Wiechert K. , Redder A. , Lohmann J.
Published: August 2020

Einleitung Infiltrationen der Facettengelenke der HWS und LWS als auch der Iliosakralgelenke sind weltweit verbreitet und lang etabliert. Techniken, basierend auf röntgengestützter als auch sonografischer Bildgebung, stellen den Standard dar. Bez. der Indikationsstellung und der Ergebnisse sind die diagnostischen Infiltrationen von den therapeutischen Indikationen klar zu unterscheiden.

Diagnostische Infiltrationen Die diagnostischen Infiltrationen kommen im Rahmen einer funktionellen Diagnostik zum Einsatz, um eine arthrogene Schmerzursache zu sichern. Hier sind Ramus medialis Infiltrationen und intraartikuläre Infiltrationen in Ihrer Aussagekraft identisch anzusehen. Um die Rate falsch positiver Befunde zu reduzieren, sind serielle Infiltrationsprotokolle mit unterschiedlich lang wirksamen Lokalanästhetika bzw. Placebo zu bevorzugen. Die Evidenz der Studienlage ist überschaubar, da das Ausmaß der Schmerzreduktion das entscheidende Outcome-Kriterium darstellt und Schmerz per se multifaktoriell ist. Lumbale und zervikale Facettengelenksinfiltrationen zeigen unterschiedliche Raten falsch-positiver Befunde.

Therapeutische Infiltration Bei gesichert arthrogenem Schmerz können leitliniengerecht Facettengelenks- und Iliosakralgelenksinfiltrationen durchgeführt werden. Die Evidenz ist hierbei bei methodisch schwacher Studienlage allgemein mittel bis schlecht, insbesondere in Bezug auf langfristige Ergebnisse.

Radiofrequenztherapie Die Radiofrequenztherapie stellt ein etabliertes Verfahren bei vertebragenen Gelenkschmerzen dar. Hier ist vorab eine gesicherte Diagnose für die Indikationsstellung unabdingbar. Es gibt unterschiedliche Behandlungstechniken. Aufgrund methodischer Probleme und einer Vielzahl von Durchführungstechniken und Begleitpathologien ist die Studienlage auch hier schwach.
Diagnostik bei Verdacht auf kardiale Amyloidose
Authors: Feldmann Korinna , Hamm Christian W. , Aßmus Birgit
Published: August 2020

Was ist neu?

Klinische Manifestation Die kardiale Transthyretin-Amyloidose (ATTR) ist als seltene Ursache einer Kardiomyopathie Teil einer unterdiagnostizierten Systemerkrankung. Für die kardiale Transthyretin-Amyloidose, bei der es zur Ablagerung von fehlgefaltetem Transthyretin kommt, entweder als Wildtyp (wtATTR) oder mutierte (mATTR) Form, sind seit kurzem evidenzbasierte Therapiemöglichkeiten mit Verlangsamung der Kardiomyopathie-Progression und deutlicher Reduktion der Hospitalisierungsraten verfügbar. Daher ist es wichtig, diese schwerwiegende Erkrankung frühzeitig zu diagnostizieren.

Diagnostik Mittels Bildgebung (kardiale MRT oder szintigrafische Verfahren) sowie Immunfixation mit Bestimmung der freien Leichtketten ist ein klinisches Screening einfach möglich, bevor mittels Biopsie und/oder Genetik die definitive Diagnose gestellt wird. Eine interdisziplinäre Aufarbeitung bei Verdacht auf kardiale Amylodiose unter Einbezug von Hämatoonkologie, Nephrologie, Neurologie und weiteren Disziplinen ist hierbei unabdingbar.

Therapie Bei Patienten mit einer kardialen Amyloidose kann eine Herzinsuffizienz-Therapie mit Betablocker, Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-Inhibitoren und Diuretika erfolgen, sollte allerdings aufgrund unerwünschter Nebenwirkungen vorsichtig erfolgen. Studien haben in den letzten Jahren die Wirksamkeit eines Tetramer-Stabilisators sowie von TTR-mRNA-interferierenden Therapeutika zur medikamentösen Therapie der ATTR-Amyloidose gezeigt – 9
10. Eine spezifische Zulassung zur Therapie der kardialen ATTR-Amyloidose existiert seit neuestem für den Tetramer-Stabilisator Tafamidis 11
12.
Targeted RNAseq of Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue to
Differentiate Among Benign and Malignant Adrenal Cortical Tumors
Authors: Plaska Samuel W. , Liu Chia-Jen , Lim Jung Soo , Rege Juilee , Bick Nolan R. , Lerario Antonio M. , Hammer Gary D. , Giordano Thomas J. , Else Tobias , Tomlins Scott A. , Rainey William E. , Udager Aaron M.
Published: August 2020

Lack of routine fresh or frozen tissue is a barrier to widespread transcriptomic
analysis of adrenal cortical tumors and an impediment to translational research
in endocrinology and endocrine oncology. Our group has previously pioneered the
use of targeted amplicon-based next-generation sequencing for archival
formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) adrenal tissue specimens to characterize
the spectrum of somatic mutations in various forms of primary aldosteronism.
Herein, we developed and validated a novel 194-amplicon targeted next-generation
RNA sequencing (RNAseq) assay for transcriptomic analysis of adrenal tumors
using clinical-grade FFPE specimens. Targeted RNAseq-derived expression values
for 27 adrenal cortical tumors, including aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA;
n=8), cortisol-producing adenomas (CPA; n=11), and adrenal
cortical carcinomas (ACC; n=8), highlighted known
differentially-expressed genes (DEGs; i. e., CYP11B2,
IGF2, etc.) and tumor type-specific transcriptional modules
(i. e., high cell cycle/proliferation transcript expression in
ACC, etc.), and a subset of DEGs was validated orthogonally using quantitative
reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Finally, unsupervised hierarchical
clustering using a subset of high-confidence DEGs revealed three discrete
clusters representing APA, CPA, and ACC tumors with corresponding unique gene
expression signatures, suggesting potential clinical utility for a
transcriptomic-based approach to tumor classification. Overall, these data
support the use of targeted amplicon-based RNAseq for comprehensive
transcriptomic profiling of archival FFPE adrenal tumor material and indicate
that this approach may facilitate important translational research opportunities
for the study of these tumors.
Trends of Antimicrobial Resistance of Sepsis Pathogens at a
University Hospital in New Delhi, India
Authors: Alam Md Shamshir , Kapur Prem , Pillai ParuKutty , Pillai Krishna Kolappa
Published: August 2020

Knowledge of the aetiological agents and its susceptibility to antimicrobial
agents enables the clinician to initiate appropriate empirical antimicrobial
therapy and guides diagnostic procedures. The aims of the study were to
identify prevalence of bacterial pathogens causing sepsis and observe their
antimicrobial resistance trends in hospitalized patients. A prospective
cohort study was conducted on patients of sepsis admitted at a university
hospital over a period of six months. Pathogens were identified by
morphological, biochemical and serological tests as per the American Society
for Microbiology. Antibacterial sensitivity of bacterial strains isolated
from clinically diagnosed sepsis was carried out by Kirby-Bauer disk
diffusion method and interpreted according Clinical and Laboratory Standards
Institute guidelines. The data were analyzed by using Statistical Package
for Social Sciences, version 16.0 (SPSS 16.0, Chicago, IL, USA). Coagulase
negative Staphylococcus (63.5%) and Staphylococcus
aureus (23.1%) were the most frequently isolated Gram
positive bacteria. Acinetobacter species (31%) and
Salmonella typhi (24.1%) were the most frequently
isolated Gram negative bacteria. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus
showed significant resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline.
Acinetobacter species showed significant resistance to
ampicillin, amoxicillin and amoxiclav. Salmonella typhi showed
significant resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, netilmicin
and, tetracycline. Escherichia coli showed significant resistance to
ampicillin and netilmicin. All the stains of Staphylococcus aureus
were resistant to amoxicillin. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus and
Acinetobacter species were predominant Gram positive and Gram
negative bacteria, respectively, causing sepsis. Increasing rates of
bacterial resistance to commonly use antimicrobial agents were observed.