bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential applicability of virtual reality in implant dentistry: a narrative review
Authors: Alasiri Mansour
Published: November 2024

Dental implants have a high success rate but face challenges such as improper positioning, implant fracture, and tissue damage, often due to the lack of surgical proficiency. Virtual reality (VR) technology has emerged as a transformative solution in implant dentistry, offering a three-dimensional (3D), immersive environment for both educational and clinical applications. Initially used as a teaching aid, VR now facilitates comprehensive preoperative planning and precise implant placement, minimizing procedural errors. VR systems enhance student and novice surgeon training by providing a risk-free platform for skill development. Clinically, VR aids in accurate implant positioning through computer-guided surgical stents and simulation of surgical fields, improving patient outcomes by reducing complications. Furthermore, VR enhances patient education and communication, offering visual representations of treatment plans, thereby increasing patient satisfaction and understanding. Despite its benefits, VR integration faces challenges, including high costs, steep learning curves for experienced surgeons, and potential disruption of patient-clinician interactions. Developing affordable, compact VR systems and integrating VR early in dental curricula will facilitate widespread adoption and revolutionize implant dentistry by improving both surgical training and patient care. The review covers the historical development and current progress of VR with an overview of applications of VR in implant dentistry, its benefits in implant dentistry, challenges, and future perspectives.
Validating the impact of gamified technology-enhanced learning environments on motivation and academic performance: enhancing TELEs with digital badges
Authors: Luo Jiejin
Published: November 2024

This research focuses on validating the impact of gamified technology-enhanced learning environments (TELEs) on motivation and academic performance. The study aims to categorize and design digital badges based on game mechanics and to evaluate the effects of two distinct types of digital badges on learning outcomes. The research involved 95 university students learning classical Japanese grammar. The findings reveal that digital badges significantly enhance learners’ intrinsic motivation, positively affecting all five dimensions of intrinsic motivation, while their impact on extrinsic motivation was found to be minimal. Additionally, when comparing the two categories of digital badges, no significant differences in effectiveness were observed. The primary interest of this paper lies in exploring the design and efficacy of digital badges within technology-enhanced learning environments, contributing valuable insights into how these elements can enhance student engagement and learning outcomes.
Outcomes of a mentoring scheme to improve career engagement in academia among students from minority ethnic groups
Authors: Nwosu Chiamaka
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Student mentorship in higher education institutions is often advocated as a way to improve opportunities for students from minority ethnic groups.

Methods

This study examines this further by applying a linear regression model to explore the relationship between a 6-month pilot mentoring scheme at King's College London and career engagement in academia for students from minority ethnic groups, by investigating whether there were differential impacts by ethnic group, and by degree of exposure to mentoring, measured by the number and mode of mentoring sessions i.e., online, in-person or bimodal (a combination of online and in-person).

Results

The results reveal that while there were no significant differences in career engagement between Asian and Black students, there were significant differences in career engagement between Black students and students who identified as Mixed or Other. Surprisingly, the number of sessions was negatively related to career engagement. However, the positive, significant interaction effect between the number and mode of sessions suggests that this relationship varies based on the mode of the sessions, with bimodal sessions leading to an increase in career engagement, in contrast to solely in-person sessions which led to a decrease in career engagement in academia.

Conclusion

The results from this study point to some differential effects of mentoring by ethnic group, with Black students experiencing less gains in terms of career engagement in academia, relative to students who identified as Mixed or Other ethnic groups. This suggests that Black students may need more tailored support, in-depth mentoring or better-matched role models for improved outcomes.
Mapping student enrolment and admission eligibility for higher education in Ethiopia: affirmative action as equity instrument?
Authors: Tesema Melaku Tesfa , Blömeke Sigrid , Braeken Johan
Published: November 2024

Introduction

UNICEF’s Education For All steers for equal opportunities for all students and diversity in the student population. In Ethiopia, affirmative action is the policy tool addressing equity in enrolment and admission to higher education, targeting underrepresented groups such as females and students from emerging regions.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study across two-levels of education, regional differences in enrolment and admission eligibility were explored for two census student cohorts at high school (n = 858,557 and n = 785,053) and at the university preparatory program (n = 199,899 and n = 211,706). These population-level data stem from governmental registers from the mandatory national exams. Enrolment and admission eligibility statistics were computed with special attention to gender imparity. The impact of affirmative action was studied by comparison to the corresponding projected statistics computed as if affirmative action did not apply.

Results

In most regions, clearly more male than female students were enrolled across the different educational levels. Affirmative action benefitted a significant percentage of female and emerging-region students. The gender parity in eligibility rates for admission to preparatory program for most regions was restored, but not for admission to university.

Discussion

Being implemented as policy directive for nearly three decades, affirmative action at most maintained gender imparity levels in enrolment inherited from earlier educational stages but failed in redressing inequity across gender and regions. Policy implications of the results and recommendations are discussed in light of regional differences and the currently implemented type of affirmative action.
Ferroptosis-related biomarkers for adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma treatment: conclusions from machine learning techniques
Authors: Feng Ying , Zhang Zhen , Tang Jiahao , Chen Yan , Hu Dan , Huang Xinwei , Li Fangping
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) is difficult to cure completely and prone to recurrence after surgery. Ferroptosis as an iron-dependent programmed cell death, may be a critical process in ACP. The study aimed to screen diagnostic markers related to ferroptosis in ACP to improve diagnostic accuracy.

Methods

Gene expression profiles of ACP were obtained from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Limma package was used to analyze the differently expressed genes (DEGs). The intersection of DEGs and ferroptosis-related factors was obtained as differently expressed ferroptosis-related genes (DEFRGs). Enrichment analysis was processed, including Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), disease ontology (DO), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) analysis. Machine learning algorithms were undertaken for screening diagnostic markers associated with ferroptosis in ACP. The levels of DEFRGs were verified in ACP patients. A nomogram was drawn to predict the relationship between key DEFRG expression and risk of disease. The disease groups were then clustered by consensus clustering analysis.

Results

DEGs were screened between ACP and normal samples. Ferroptosis-related factors were obtained from the FerrDb V2 and GeneCard databases. The correlation between DEFRGs and ferroptosis markers was also confirmed. A total of 6 overlapped DEFRGs were obtained. Based on the results of the nomogram, CASP8, KRT16, KRT19, and TP63 were the protective factors of the risk of disease, while GOT1 and TFAP2C were the risk factors. According to screened DEFRGs, the consensus clustering matrix was differentiated, and the number of clusters was stable. CASP8, KRT16, KRT19, and TP63, were upregulated in ACP patients, while GOT1 was downregulated. CASP8, KRT16, KRT19, TP63, CASP8, and GOT1 affect multiple ferroptosis marker genes. The combination of these genes might be the biomarker for ACP diagnosis via participating ferroptosis process.

Discussion

Ferroptosis-related genes, including CASP8, KRT16, KRT19, TP63, and GOT1 were the potential markers for ACP, which lays the theoretical foundation for ACP diagnosis.
Clinical and molecular characterization of familial chylomicronemia in Saudi patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Al-Ashwal Abdullah , AlHelal Manal , AlSagheir Afaf , Alfattani Areej , Ramzan Khushnooda , Imtiaz Faiqa , Alhuthil Raghad
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a severe type of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). Despite its rarity, we have encountered more than 100 patients with FCS at our center. Therefore, we aimed to provide a useful resource for clinicians who may encounter such patients and help the scientific community accumulate knowledge to manage this disease.

Methods

This retrospective study described the clinical characteristics and management of FCS patients at (King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia).

Results

In total, 29 pediatric patients were included, with a median age of 2.2 months [IQR: 1.3, 12]. Males predominated (62.0%). Key symptoms included a milky blood sample (72.4%), a family history of HTG (65.5%), hepatosplenomegaly (44.8%), acute pancreatitis (31.0%), and eruptive xanthoma (13.8%). Gemfibrozil (22 patients) reduced TG from 47.6 ± 55.7 to 9.4 ± 7.5 mmol/L (mean reduction 38.2 ± 54.5 mmol/L, P<0.001). Fenofibrate (19 patients) lowered TG from 45.4 ± 56.4 to 18.4 ± 13.1 mmol/L (mean difference 27.1 ± 52.0 mmol/L, P=0.001). While the Niacin-aspirin (4 patients) and diet alone (4 patients) had no significant effect (P=1.000) and (P=0.125), respectively.

Discussion

The rarity of FCS makes it more challenging for scientists and clinicians to achieve advancements in its management. We observed that anti-TG medications, especially fibrate derivatives, can be used safely in pediatric patients. They displayed excellent ability to control TG levels in combination with diet restrictions, and treatment compliance was good. Among fibrate derivatives, gemfibrozil controlled TG levels better than fenofibrate, and neither drug had significant side effects.
Inflammatory Th17 cells are correlated with insulin resistance and erythrocyte parameters in overweight and obese children
Authors: Artemniak-Wojtowicz Dorota , Rumińska Małgorzata , Stelmaszczyk-Emmel Anna , Paluchowska Monika , Pyrżak Beata Ewa , Kucharska Anna Małgorzata
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Obesity is thought to be accompanied by chronic, low-grade, inflammation. The adipocytes are present in the subcutaneous and visceral fat tissue and contribute to the bone marrow cell compartment. Therefore, it poses a question whether the factors influencing adipocyte functions also have an impact on the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow. The aim of our study was to evaluate the association between erythrocyte parameters, the proinflammatory Th17 lymphocytes, and IR markers in children with excessive body weight.

Methods

A total of 27 overweight/obese and 15 normal-weight children aged 8–18 years were enrolled in the study. The analysis included anthropometric measurements, evaluation of Th17 cell frequency, erythrocyte parameters, and carbohydrate metabolism parameters.

Results

In overweight/obese children, erythrocyte count (p = 0.00002), hemoglobin (HGB) concentration (p = 0.005), and frequency of Th17 cells (p = 0.048) were higher. Anthropometric parameters correlated with erythrocyte parameters, as well as Th17 cell frequency in all children. The erythrocyte count correlated with the Th17 subset (p = 0.01, r = 0.38). Moreover, in all children, the correlation between erythrocyte and fasting insulin (FI) (p = 0.00005, r = 0.58), HOMA-IR (p = 0.00005, r = 0.58), and QUICKI (p = 0.000042, r = −0.59), as well as between HGB and FI (p = 0.037, r = 0.32), HOMA-IR (p = 0.37, r = 0.32), and QUICKI (p = 0.049, r = −0.31) was found. In the overweight/obese group, erythrocyte count correlated with insulin 2 h after the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (p = 0.04, r = 0.4), while HGB correlated with glucose and insulin 2 h after OGTT (p = 0.018, r = 0.45; p = 0.04, r = 0.44, respectively).

Conclusions

Our study confirmed that the erythrocyte parameters are higher in children with obesity and are positively correlated with insulin resistance and proinflammatory Th17 lymphocyte. Thus, it can be concluded that erythrocyte parameters reflect the risk of developing IR in response to chronic inflammation associated with obesity. These are simple, easily accessible, and repeatable tests that, in the assessment of obese patients, may herald the developing metabolic syndrome and serve as a helpful additional tool for assessing the effectiveness of treatment.
Non-diabetic elderly populations: SIRI as a risk factor and PIV as a protective factor against bone abnormalities
Authors: Yan Manli , Gong Ping , Li Xiang , Huang Haoyue , Wei Hua
Published: November 2024

Objective

The prevalence of osteoporosis and its resultant healthcare challenges are escalating, posing significant burdens on public health systems. Studies have introduced immunoinflammatory indices, which are recognized for effectively reflecting the systemic immunoinflammatory status. Despite their potential, the exploration of these indices in the context of osteoporosis remains limited. The study sought to explore the relationship between immune inflammation-related indices and osteoporosis in non-diabetic elderly populations.

Methods

The clinical data of 438 non-diabetic elderly subjects were retrospectively analyzed and all statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 27.0.

Results

Differences were observed between the osteoporosis group and the normal bone density group in terms of age, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, hemoglobin, and platelet. A review of prior studies revealed a close association between osteoporosis and chronic inflammation. Immunological indices such as Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Monocyte to Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR), Systemic Immuno-Inflammatory Index (SII), Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) and Peripheral Immunity Index (PIV) were calculated. The analysis indicated significant differences in MLR, SII, SIRI and PIV. A multifactorial binary logistic regression model was established, incorporating age, MLR, SII, SIRI, and PIV as variables. The results identified age and SIRI as independent risk factors for bone abnormalities in non-diabetic elderly populations, while PIV served as an independent protective factor. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that SIRI and PIV predicted osteoporosis with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.609 and 0.620, respectively. The diagnostic value was enhanced when combined with age, yielding AUC values of 0.725 for PIV combined with age. PIV combined with age was particularly effective as a biomarker for bone abnormalities in this population. The optimal Youden’s index was calculated to be 0.367, corresponding to a sensitivity of 63.8% and a specificity of 72.9%.

Conclusions

For non-diabetic elderly populations, SIRI is a risk factor, while PIV serves as a protective factor against bone abnormalities. Combined with previous studies, we suggest that people at high risk of osteoporosis should avoid or minimize the intake of pro-inflammatory dietary patterns. Meanwhile, research from an immune perspective is expected to open new avenues for osteoporosis treatment.
Investigation of the interaction of the MILD regime with HiTAC and no-combustion regimes in combustion region diagrams
Authors: Srinivasarao M. , Sorrentino Giancarlo , Mahendra Reddy V.
Published: November 2024

Moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution combustion is vital for reducing emissions. Recent advancements have introduced regime diagrams for various reactant mixtures, highlighting no-combustion, Moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution, and high-temperature air combustion regions to analyze the overall operating range. However, studies on these diagrams are limited and often lack detailed analysis. This study focuses on the interaction of the Moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution regime with other regimes, particularly examining ignition delay time. Initially, ignition delay times are analyzed using regime diagrams for methane, propane, and syngas fuel mixtures. Calculations reveal a consistent ignition delay time range at the boundary between Moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution and no-combustion, varying with fuel type. To investigate further, combustion regime diagrams for methane and methane-hydrogen mixtures are developed, considering dilution levels and preheating effects with N2, CO2, H2O, and exhaust gas recirculation. These diagrams examine the spread of the Moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution regime and the ignition delay times at the boundaries. The upper and lower limits of the moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution regime are noted based on obtained ignition delay times. An emission-based analysis within these regimes is conducted to assess the effectiveness of techniques in achieving moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution combustion. Proposed ignition delay time range for the considered mixtures aims to maintain mixture within the moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution regime, ensuring lower emissions. This is also further proved with the numerical simulations. The study also explores the sensitivity of dilution level, mixture temperature, N2, CO2, H2O, and EGR on the Moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution regime.
Human and predator presence shape diel activity of urban red squirrels
Authors: Drenske Sinah , Louvrier Julie , Grabow Marius , Landgraf Conny , Kramer-Schadt Stephanie , Planillo Aimara
Published: November 2024

In urban areas, wildlife has to adapt to human presence and novel predators such as pet species, including the altered conditions of the environment. In such novel settings, the timing of activity is crucial to minimize the risk of mortality. To do so, species may reduce total activity time by increasing activity peaks at specific moments or shifting activity times. We analyzed camera trap data from a citizen science project over four project phases, including spring and autumn before and during the SARS-CoV-2 lockdown, to understand the effects of human, pet (cat, dog), and predator (marten) presence on the activity patterns of urban red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris; hereafter ‘squirrel’). We examined squirrel activity at seasonal and hourly resolutions in relation to human, garden, urban, and predator factors. We considered human presence as both a direct effect of lockdown and an indirect disturbance measured through urban variables. Results show that direct human presence during lockdown increased squirrel activity intensity in both seasonal and hourly patterns without reducing total activity time. Predator presence affected timing of activity, decreasing total daily activity. Pets, like cats, decreased activity at both resolutions, while martens had a limited effect detected only at the hourly resolution. During lockdown, squirrels may have increased their activity in gardens due to more anthropogenic resources (food or nesting material), but constant threats from pets force them to avoid certain areas despite the benefits. This highlights the delicate balance squirrels must maintain in adapting to human-altered environments while managing predation risks.
Glyphosate-based herbicide contributes to nutrient variability in forest plants
Authors: Wood Lisa J. , Botten Nicole , Fredeen Arthur L. , Werner Jeffery R.
Published: November 2024

In forestry, glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) is applied to some logged areas to remove deciduous and herbaceous vegetation competing with commercial coniferous trees. Glyphosate has the potential to form insoluble complexes with metal ions, altering the bioavailability of metals in soil and water. The aim of this study was to determine if GBH influenced the concentrations of available nutrients in forest plants. We sampled willow (Salix sp.), red osier dogwood (Cornus sericea), and fireweed (Chamaenerion angustifolium) from forests up to 12 years after GBH applications. Across the three focal species, only Mn consistently increased with GBH treatment. Significant positive correlations between nutrient and glyphosate concentrations within plant tissues were found for Mn and Zn, while negative correlations were found for Ba, Ca, Mg, and Ni. B, Ca, Mn, and species were significant predictors of GBH treatment. A greater number of significant differences between controls and treated samples were noted in nutrients of fireweed and red osier dogwood at year one post-treatment, while willow showed greater differences between controls and treated samples at year 12 post-treatment. The analyses conducted indicate a relationship between GBH treatment and resulting nutrient regimes after GBH applications, yet it is complex and variable. It is clear that there are species specific trends within the dataset. Due to this complexity, more research should be conducted, as many questions remain unanswered. Further research is needed to disentangle both short and long-term impacts of widespread use of GBH products in modern silviculture.
Preclinical delayed toxicity studies of BCMA CAR T-cell injection in B-NDG mice with multiple myeloma
Authors: Guo Jianmin , Wu Qiqi , Li Hongjian , Liang Chun , Dai Jinlong , Zhang Shuren , Dai Cailing , Zhang Jishuai , Wen Yuying , Yang Wei
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Based on the efficacy data from the previous study of B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell injection, we further examined the delayed toxicity for 8 weeks after a single dose of BCMA CAR T-cell injection to observe possible toxic reactions.

Methods

B-NDG mice transplanted with multiple myeloma (MM) cells were given a single dose of BCMA CAR T-cell injection at two dosages or human normal T cells and then subjected to examinations including clinical signs, weight and food intake measurements, haematology, blood biochemical analysis, cytokine assay, T-lymphocyte subpopulation quantification and histopathology on days 28 and 56 after dosing. In addition, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to quantify DNA fragments in different tissues to assess the tissue distribution of CAR and provide a basis for its preclinical safety evaluation and clinical dosing.

Results

In the delayed toxicity study, no mortality or significant toxic effects such as reductions in food intake, body weight, relevant biochemical parameters and target organ weights were observed in the BCMA CAR T-cell-treated groups. Compared to the model group, restorative changes in clinical signs and clinicopathology indicating therapeutic effects were seen in the BCMA CAR T-cell-treated groups. Human-derived cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) could be detected in all cancer cell–bearing mice by cytokine level measurement. IFN-γ levels showed a geometric increase due to the graft versus host disease (GVHD) response induced in the mice, while the levels of the other cytokines did not show significant changes. Histopathological examination indicated that the BCMA CAR T-cell treatment groups showed mixed cellular infiltration of human-derived T cells, cancer cells, and inflammatory cells in several target organs including the liver, spleen, lung, and kidney, and some of them showed mild tissue damage, but the number of the animals and the severity of damage were significantly less than those of the T-cell control group as well as the model group. The results of the tissue distribution study showed that BCMA CAR T cells were mainly concentrated in the kidney, lung, bone marrow and the related immune organs/tissues, and the distribution of BCMA CAR T cells was highly consistent with that of MM cells, suggesting that BCMA CAR T cells could follow the cancer cells during metastatic targeting of the tissues.

Conclusions

The present study demonstrated a low toxicity of BCMA CAR T-cell injection, with manageable side effects and good anticancer activity and without observable adverse effects. This study provides data to support future clinical studies of BCMA CAR T-cell injection for MM.
Association between immune cells and urticaria: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chen Yongjun , Chen Xuejie , Zhang Zhipeng
Published: November 2024

Urticaria is characterized by transient itchy symptoms on the skin, usually accompanied by swelling, which is caused by mast cell activation leading to increased vascular permeability and dilation of the dermis. Urticaria involves recurrent activation of mast cells, T cells, eosinophils, and other immune cells around lesioned venules, with complex regulatory systems affecting mast cell functions, potentially contributing to urticaria pathogenesis. The direct causal relationship between immune cells and urticaria is currently unclear. To address this, our study utilized a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis, employing instrumental variables (IVs) associated with immune cells and urticaria, to investigate this causal relationship. First, by utilizing Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) data, we identified 31 immunophenotypes associated with urticaria risk, with 18 increasing and 13 decreasing the risk. Through rigorous criteria, we identified 4 immunophenotypes that have a strong causal relationship with urticaria. Notably, HLA DR+ CD4+AC, CD45 on CD8br, and HLA DR on plasmacytoid dendritic cells were associated with an increased risk, while CD8dim NKT %lymphocyte was identified as a protective factor. Sensitivity analyses, including the MR-Egger intercept test, scatter plots, funnel plots, and leave-one-out analysis, supported the robustness of the findings. Reverse MR analysis suggested an inverse causal effect of urticaria on CD8dim NKT %lymphocyte, reinforcing the potential bidirectional nature of the relationship between urticaria and immune cell phenotypes. Our research substantiates the bidirectional causal relationship between immune cells and urticaria, thus benefiting for urticaria-targeted therapy development.
Ion channels in acinar cells in acute pancreatitis: crosstalk of calcium, iron, and copper signals
Authors: Wang Hanli , Gao Jianhua , Wen Lingling , Huang Kejun , Liu Huixian , Zeng Linsheng , Zeng Zhongyi , Liu Yuxiang , Mo Zhizhun
Published: November 2024

The initial stages of acute pancreatitis (AP) are characterized by a significant event - acinar ductal metaplasia (ADM). This process is a crucial feature of both acute and chronic pancreatitis, serving as the first step in the development of pancreatic cancer. Ion channels are integral transmembrane proteins that play a pivotal role in numerous biological processes by modulating ion flux. In many diseases, the expression and activity of ion channels are often dysregulated. Metal ions, including calcium ions (Ca2+), ferrous ions (Fe2+), and Copper ions (Cu2+), assume a distinctive role in cellular metabolism. These ions possess specific biological properties relevant to cellular function. However, the interactions among these ions exacerbate the imbalance within the intracellular environment, resulting in cellular damage and influencing the progression of AP. A more in-depth investigation into the mechanisms by which these ions interact with acinar cells is essential for elucidating AP’s pathogenesis and identifying novel therapeutic strategies. Currently, treatment for AP primarily focuses on pain relief, complications prevention, and prognosis improvement. There are limited specific treatments targeting acinous cell dedifferentiation or ion imbalance. This study aims to investigate potential therapeutic strategies by examining ion crosstalk within acinar cells in the context of acute pancreatitis.
Supplementation with Chinese herbal preparations protect the gut-liver axis of Hu sheep, promotes gut-liver circulation, regulates intestinal flora and immunity
Authors: Liu Zilong , Wang Huihui , Ma Keyan , Li Qiao , Wu Yi , Qi Xingcai , Song Juanjuan , Wang Chunhui , Ma Youji , Li Taotao
Published: November 2024

The gut-liver axis in ruminants can explain nutrient regulation, the gut-liver cycle, and immune function in ruminant biology through the gut microbe-gut metabolite-liver metabolite relationship. to investigate the effects of herbal feed additives on the gut-liver axis of Hu sheep. In this study, a broadly targeted UPLC-MS/MS metabolomics approach and 16s sequencing of gut microorganisms were used to detect, identify and quantify changes in ileal microorganisms, liver metabolites and ileal metabolites following the addition of Chinese herbal preparations. The addition of a 0.5% herbal feed additive increased ileal IgA, IgG and complement C3 levels. The addition of Chinese herbal preparations can increase the abundance of Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, at the portal level of the ileum, increase the metabolism of organic matter and its derivatives, bile acids, amino acids and their metabolites, coenzymes, and vitamins in the liver and ileum, enhance nutrient absorption and waste metabolism, accelerate liver metabolism, promote gut-liver circulation, and improve ileal and liver immunity. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the effects of herbal feed additives on the gut-liver axis in ruminants.
Case report: A novel JAK3 homozygous variant in a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency and persistent COVID-19
Authors: Sbruzzi Renan Cesar , Prado Mayara Jorgens , Fam Bibiana , Prolla Helena Ashton , Hellwig Alessandra , Motta Rodrigues Grazielle , de-Paris Fernanda , Jobim Mariana , Artigalás Osvaldo , Seeleuthner Yoann , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Bustamante Jacinta , Vianna Fernanda Sales Luiz
Published: November 2024

Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) encompass a broad range of disorders with heterogeneous clinical presentations, often leading to challenges in early diagnosis. This study presents a case of a Brazilian patient with a T-B+NK- severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) diagnosed at the age of 6 months when was admitted to the hospital due to multiple infectious diseases. Despite undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the patient had recurrent infections, requiring constant hospital care, including IgG infusions and several antibiotic treatments for the following months. One year after HSCT, presenting mixed chimerism, the patient tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal, duodenum, and intestine samples, with persistent positive tests over a six-month period. Whole exome sequencing identified a private homozygous missense variant (c.1202T>C; p.Leu401Pro) in the Janus Kinase 3 (JAK3) gene. This substitution is located in a highly conserved position, and different bioinformatic variant effect predictors classified the variant as damaging. In silico structural analysis suggested that the variant led to increased structural instability, disrupting the hydrophobic interactions within the SH2 domain, thereby influencing the neighboring residues and potentially altering the interaction between JAK3 and gamma chain (γc) intracellular receptors. This study provides evidence for the novel pathogenicity classification of the variant and highlights the importance of the JAK3 and SH2 domain modulating protein function and their contribution to the SCID pathogenesis.
Case report: Intravascular large B cell lymphoma mimicking acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis after SARS-CoV-2 reinfection: diagnostic value of advanced MRI techniques and the literature review with the assistance of ChatGPT
Authors: Chen Sujuan , Cai Mingchen , Tan Guirong , Guo Ruomi , Liang Qiong , Li Hainan , Liu Xiang
Published: November 2024

The intravascular large B cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare subtype of lymphoma. The IVBCL is usually found with systemic involvement, with a relative predilection for skin and the central nervous system (CNS), followed by a rapidly progressive course and poor prognosis with a high mortality rate. IVLBCL is difficult to diagnose based on conventional MRI alone. Herein, we presented a previously healthy 59-year-old woman who developed hemiparesis and altered mental status after her reinfection of SARS-CoV-2. The initial MRI revealed non-enhancing lesions in the splenium of the corpus callosum (CC), periventricular, and bilateral subcortical white matter with hyperintensity on diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). The patient was diagnosed with subacute infarction, and she was treated with antithrombotic therapy. Her neurological symptoms continued to deteriorate, and she developed unconsciousness. Her CSF test showed elevated white cell count and positive oligoclonal bands. The follow-up MRI was scanned 16 days later. Compared to the initial MRI, the periventricular and bilateral subcortical lesions enlarged on conventional MRI. The post-contrast 3D black blood Cube images demonstrated multiple parenchymal and diffuse meningeal enhancements and 3D arterial spin labeling showed increased perfusion in the CC splenium. These findings suggested the differential diagnosis of acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM) after SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, versus intravascular lymphoma. After the treatment of intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone, her symptoms significantly improved. The second follow-up MRI two weeks later detected a new unenhanced lesion in the left temporal lobe. A brain biopsy was performed and IVLBCL was diagnosed. We reviewed the brain MRI findings of IVLBCL in the literature with the assistance of ChatGPT. Although less specific, the imaging features including “high signal lesions on DWI, meningeal thickening and enhancement, and masslike lesions” highly suggested the possibility of IVLBCL. The biopsy should be planned after imaging progression. The association between IVLBCL and SARS-CoV-2 reinfection is undefined.
Anti-diabetic effects of marine natural products through redox modulation via Nrf2/HO-1 cytoprotective pathways
Authors: Nisar Muhammad Farrukh , Li Mingxi , Xu Jialin , Wan Chunpeng
Published: November 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM), a major global health concern, is a chronic metabolic disorder. Bioactive compounds sourced from numerous marine natural products recently have drawn attention as novel therapeutic approaches. Considering these chemicals and their role in cellular redox modulation by involving the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway, the current study attempts to highlight their anti-diabetic effects and the molecular mechanisms involved. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular damage are linked to most human pathologies specifically DM. The Nrf2/HO-1 pathway is a key defense mechanism developed by the cells to combat ROS burst. Marine natural compounds have strong pharmacological potential in triggering cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms by declining oxidative damage and inflammation linked to DM. How marine natural products potentially alleviate DM specifically type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its related issues is especially focused on. The literature was thoroughly analyzed to open a discussion about specific marine compounds and their well-established anti-diabetic effects to elucidate possible therapeutic applications. Furthermore, opportunities and the pros and cons of using these marine bioactive compounds as complementary treatment for DM are also discussed. The diverse characteristics of marine natural products, specifically with regard to redox control, offer promising opportunities for drug discovery and therapeutic interventions in clinical trials.
The relative effectiveness of chlorine and antibiotic treatments for stony coral tissue loss disease
Authors: Forrester Graham E. , Arton Laura , Horton Argel , Aeby Greta
Published: November 2024

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) causes severe mortality in many hard corals and is now present in most of the Caribbean. The application of amoxicillin paste is currently the most successful local intervention to treat SCTLD lesions in nature, but the potential development of antibiotic resistance makes alternatives valuable. In a preliminary field trial (n = 84 corals), we compared two treatments against SCTLD, (1) amoxicillin paste and (2) chlorine mixed with cocoa butter paste and covered with a clay band. We found that amoxicillin and chlorine treatments both significantly reduced the rate of tissue loss in SCLTD-affected corals as compared to controls. Amoxicillin treatment was the most effective and effectively halted tissue loss in 78% of colonies. Even so, chlorine treated colonies lost tissue at approximately half the rate of untreated controls. The non-specific antiseptic nature of chlorine treatments may also be useful for other tissue loss diseases of unknown etiologies. Although, not perfect, the chlorinated cocoa butter treatment can be added to the growing list of methods to reduce mortality from disease in the field.
Double effect of ocean carbon sink trading and financial support: analysis based on BGG-DICE-DSGE model
Authors: Xu Yao , Wei Zhenhao , Xu Longyu , Zhou Gang
Published: November 2024

Achieving carbon peak and neutral as scheduled requires joint efforts to reduce emissions and increase sinks. But in the long term, mitigating climate change requires the latter to play a greater role, in which achieving economic and environmental benefits through ocean carbon sink trading is an indispensable and important measure. Around the ocean carbon sink trading, this paper constructs an ‘Economic-Financial-Environmental’ analytical framework through the BGG-DICE-DSGE model, explores the heterogeneous impact of ocean carbon sink trading on macroeconomics and climate change by impulse response, examines the influencing factors by sensitivity analysis, and uses welfare analysis to explore further performance in financial markets. It is discovered that: (1) ocean carbon sink trading can mitigate climate change, boost social welfare, and reinforce even more under active fiscal and monetary policies and higher ocean output percentage. (2) As the main body of carbon sink trading, firms have a more active impact on economic and environmental systems than government. (3) The proportion of marine output value significantly impacts dual benefits. The efficiency of ocean carbon sinks has a significant impact on environmental benefits, while the related impact of carbon sink prices is weak. (4) Due to the financial accelerator effect, any decrease in output caused by exogenous shocks in the financial market compounds the loss of social welfare. This paper theoretically explains the strategic significance of ocean carbon sink trading, and provides necessary experience and reference for the establishment of ocean carbon sink trading market in the future.
Improvement of dispersants on nano carbon black-modified cement paste: performance, microstructure and carbon footprint
Authors: Wang Hui , Li Chenjiang , Gao Haixiang , Zhao Yan , Xia Handuo , Zhou Cong , Zhong Shunjie , Zhao Qingxin
Published: November 2024

The agglomeration of nano carbon black (NCB), driven by its high specific surface energy, limits the fundamental performance of cementitious materials and hinders the broader application of functional cementitious materials in engineering domains. NCB-modified cement (NC) has a low snow-melting efficiency, resulting in high energy consumption and excessive CO2 emissions. Herein, this study innovatively proposed a method of using dispersants to overcome the above issue and systematically introduced the effects of three dispersants, polycarboxylic acid superplasticizer (PCE), tannic acid (TA), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), on NC. The dispersity of dispersant-NCB suspension was analyzed firstly, and then the performance of fresh paste, mechanical properties, resistivity, snow-melting speed and LCA of NC were explored. Experimental results indicated that, in terms of suspension stability, SDS was the most effective, followed by TA, while PCE exhibited the least efficacy. Furthermore, all three dispersants improved the fluidity of NC to varying degrees. However, PCE and TA demonstrated a retardation effect on the setting time, whereas SDS facilitated a reduction in the setting time of NC. From the point of view of mechanical properties, the use of these dispersants not only augmented the mechanical strength of the NC but also decreased its electrical resistivity. The uniform dispersion of SDS at the microstructural level of NCB had also been found. When the PCE content is 0.2%, TA content is 0.4%, and SDS content is 0.4%, the mechanical strength and resistivity of NC were the best. NC with dispersant TA melted snow three times faster than the control group, reducing snow-melting energy consumption. Moreover, LCA analysis showed that the addition of dispersants also reduced carbon emissions.
Nomogram-based prediction of the risk of AVF maturation: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhao Bin , Wang Hui , Wang Yuzhu , Zhan Shen , Yu Pei
Published: November 2024

Objective

Early identification of autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation failure in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is crucial, as it enables early interventions that can enhance AVF maturation rates and reduce the duration of catheter use. This study aimed to identify factors that may predict arteriovenous fistula maturation in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

Methods

This retrospective study included a cohort of 532 ESRD patients who underwent AVF creation and routine follow-up at the Beijing Haidian Hospital (Haidian Section of Pecking University Third Hospital) from August 2018 to March 2022. A total of 532 patients were randomly divided into a training cohort (389 cases) and a validation cohort (143 cases). Patients in each cohort were categorized into mature and non-mature groups based on whether they met clinical or ultrasound criteria 3 months after AVF creation. The timing of early intervention for non-maturation AVF was preliminarily discussed after a risk prediction nomogram for non-maturation in newly AVF creation was constructed.

Results

Of the 532 patients, 379 (73.24%) achieved fistula maturation at 3 months postoperatively. We randomly divided the total study population using computer-generated randomization into a training cohort (n = 389) and a validation cohort (n = 143) in an approximately 7:3 ratio. Analysis of the training cohort revealed that the anastomotic diameter (anas1), the internal diameter of the anastomotic vein (V1), brachial artery blood flow (F1) at 1 month, and brachial artery blood flow (F3) at 3 months postoperatively were associated with AVF maturation. A maturation nomogram was developed for the training cohort, yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.938 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.908–0.967), with a sensitivity of 0.911 and a specificity of 0.856. The model was validated in the validation cohort, showing an AUC of 0.927 (95% CI, 0.879–0.975), with a sensitivity of 0.870 and specificity of 0.886. The calibration curve showed strong agreement between nomogram predictions and actual observations.

Conclusion

The anastomotic diameter (anas1), the internal diameter of the anastomotic vein (V1), brachial artery blood flow (F1) at 1 month, and brachial artery blood flow (F3) at 3 months postoperatively can predict the unassisted maturation of AVF.
Global, regional, and national burdens of osteoarthritis from 1990 to 2021: findings from the 2021 global burden of disease study
Authors: Li Han-Zheng , Liang Xue-Zhen , Sun Yi-Qing , Jia Hai-Feng , Li Jia-Cheng , Li Gang
Published: November 2024

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic degenerative joint disease and a major contributor to disability and elevated morbidity rates worldwide. This study assesses the epidemiological trends of OA from 1990 to 2021, analyzing data by sex, affected joint sites, and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) across global, regional, and national levels.

Methods

Data on OA were obtained from the (Global Burden of Disease Study) 2021. The age-standardized rates (ASR) for OA were computed, and the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) in ASR were determined to evaluate trends in incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) over the past three decades. Pearson’s correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between ASR and the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI). Additionally, Joinpoint regression software and age-period-cohort (APC) analysis were applied for a comprehensive examination of the OA data.

Results

From 1990 to 2021, the global burden of OA has markedly increased. In 2021, there were approximately 466.3 million new OA cases, with an ASR of incidence (ASIR) of around 535 per 100,000 population. The prevalence of OA reached about 606.9 million cases, and DALYs rose to approximately 213 million. The burden of OA is significantly higher in women compared to men, as reflected by higher ASR of incidence, prevalence, and DALYs associated with OA. In 2021, the ASR of incidence was positively associated with the SDI regions. Globally, knee osteoarthritis (KOA) remains the most common form of OA. Among the various risk factors, high body mass index (BMI) emerged as the most critical contributor to OA.

Conclusion

From 1990 to 2021, the global burden of OA has steadily increased, leading to a significant decline in health and overall quality of life. The global prevalence of OA indicates higher incidence rates among women and in countries with a higher SDI. Governments and policy makers globally must prioritize increasing awareness of the risk factors and consequences related to OA, promote early diagnostic and therapeutic services, and implement targeted interventions to mitigate the growing burden of OA.