bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ПАЛЕОПРОТЕРОЗОЙСКИЙ КАНДАЛАКШСКИЙ АНОРТОЗИТОВЫЙ МАССИВ: НОВЫЕ ДАННЫЕ О ВОЗРАСТЕ (U-PB, ID-TIMS) И ГЕОХИМИЧЕСКИХ ОСОБЕННОСТЯХ ЦИРКОНА, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Стешенко Е.Н. , Николаев А.И. , Баянова Т.Б. , Дрогобужская С.В. , Чащин В.В. , Серов П.А. , Лялина Л.М. , Новиков А.И.
Published: January 2018

Для Кандалакшско-Колвицкой зоны Балтийского щита получены новые U-Pb-, Sm-Nd-изотопные данные по акцессорным зёрнам циркона, рутила, породе и вторичным метаморфическим минералам. Изотопный U-Pb-возраст единичных зёрен циркона, выделенных из метагаббро Кандалакшского анортозитового массива, равен 2453,5 ± 4,8 млн лет и близок U-Pb-возрасту циркона из метагаббро Колвицкого массива (2448 ± 5 млн лет). Впервые измерены концентрации и построены графики распределений REE в зёрнах циркона из метагаббро Кандалакшского массива и рассчитана температура закрытия U-Pb-системы и кристаллизации циркона (844°C) с использованием метода LA-ICP-MS. Совокупность новых изотопно-геохимических данных свидетельствует о магматическом генезисе изученных кристаллов циркона.
О РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИИ ВЕРОЯТНОСТЕЙ ЭКСТРЕМАЛЬНЫХ ОСАДКОВ, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Королев В.Ю. , Горшенин А. К.
Published: January 2018

На основании отрицательной биномиальной модели распределения длины дождливых периодов, измеряемой в сутках, для распределения максимального суточного объёма осадков за дождливый ­период предложена асимптотическая модель, имеющая вид смеси распределений Фреше и совпадаю­щая с распределением положительной степени случайной величины, имеющей распределение Снедекора-Фишера. Метод доказательства соответствующего результата базируется на предельных теоремах для экстремальных порядковых статистик в выборках случайного объёма, имеющего смешанное пуас­соновское распределение. Адекватность предложенных моделей и методов их статистического анализа продемонстрирована на примере оценивания параметров экстремального распределения по реальным данным.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ЦИСПЛАТИНА НА ЦИТОТОКСИЧНОСТЬ ПРОТИВООПУХОЛЕВОГО ЦИТОКИНА TRAIL И?ЕГО РЕЦЕПТОРСЕЛЕКТИВНОГО МУТАНТНОГО ВАРИАНТА DR5-B, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Гаспарян М.Э. , Бычков М.Л. , Яголович А.В. , Кирпичников М.П. , Долгих Д.А.
Published: January 2018

Исследовали влияние химиопрепарата цисплатин на цитотоксичность противоопухолевого цитокина TRAIL и его рецепторселективного мутантного варианта DR5-B на 12 линиях опухолевых клеток разного происхождения. Цисплатин эффективно усиливал цитотоксическую активность препаратов TRAIL. Этот синергизм был наиболее выражен при исследовании клеточных линий рака простаты: результат совместного действия цисплатина и TRAIL превышал сумму их эффектов более чем в 2 раза. При этом вариант DR5-B значительно превосходил по своей цитотоксичности TRAIL дикого типа при использовании совместно с цисплатином на 9 из 12 линий опухолевых клеток.
Odz4 upregulates SAN‐specific genes to promote differentiation into cardiac pacemaker‐like cells
Authors: Dong Anqi , Yoshizumi Masao , Kokubo Hiroki
Published: October 2024

Cardiac arrhythmias stemming from abnormal sinoatrial node (SAN) function can lead to sudden death. Developing a biological pacemaker device for treating sick sinus syndrome (SSS) could offer a potential cure. Understanding SAN differentiation is crucial, yet its regulatory mechanism remains unclear. We reanalyzed published RNA‐seq data and identified Odz4 as a SAN‐specific candidate. In situ hybridization revealed Odz4 expression in the cardiac crescent and throughout the cardiac conduction system (CCS). To assess the role of Odz4 in CCS differentiation, we utilized a Tet‐Off inducible system for its intracellular domain (ICD). Embryonic bodies (EBs) exogenously expressing Odz4‐ICD exhibited an increased propensity to develop into pacemaker‐like cells with enhanced automaticity and upregulated expression of SAN‐specific genes. CellChat and GO analyses unveiled SAN‐specific enrichment of ligand–receptor sets, especially Ptn‐Ncl, and extracellular matrix components in the group exogenously expressing Odz4‐ICD. Our findings underscore the significance of Odz4 in SAN development and offer fresh insights into biological pacemaker establishment.
Area‐Level Socioeconomic Status Impacts Health Care Visit Frequency by Australian Patients With Inflammatory Arthritis: Results From the Australian Rheumatology Association Database
Authors: Russell Oscar , Lester Susan , Black Rachel J. , Lassere Marissa , Barrett Claire , March Lyn , Lynch Tom , Buchbinder Rachelle , Hill Catherine L.
Published: October 2024

Objective

Individuals with inflammatory arthritis require long‐term rheumatologist care for optimal outcomes. We sought to determine if socioeconomic status (SES) influences general practitioner (GP) and specialist physician visit frequency and out‐of‐pocket (OOP) visit costs.

Methods

We linked data from Australian Rheumatology Association Database (ARAD) participants with rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis to the Pharmaceutical Benefits (PBS) and Medicare Benefits Schedule from 2011 to 2018. Small‐area SES was approximated as quintiles of the Index of Relative Socioeconomic Advantage and Disadvantage. A comorbidity index (Rx‐Risk) was determined from PBS data. Analysis was performed using panel regression methods.

Results

We included 1,916 ARAD participants (76.3% rheumatoid arthritis, 71.1% women, mean ± SD age 54 ± 12 years and disease duration 6 ± 4 years). Participants averaged 9.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.6–9.4) annual GP visits and 3.9 (95% CI 3.8–4.1) annual specialist physician visits. After adjustment for sex, age, education, remoteness, and comorbidity, there was an inverse relationship between annual GP visit frequency and higher SES quintile (–0.6, 95% CI –0.9 to –0.3 visits per quintile) and a direct relationship between more frequent specialist visits and higher SES (linear slope 0.3, 95% CI 0.2–0.5 visits per quintile). Average OOP costs/visit were higher for specialist physician (AUD$38.43; 95% CI 37.34–39.53) versus GP visits (AUD$7.86; 95% CI 7.42–8.31), and higher SES was associated with greater OOP cost.

Conclusion

Patients with higher SES have relatively fewer GP visits and more specialist physician visits compared with patients with lower SES, suggesting individuals with lower SES may receive suboptimal specialist physician care. OOP costs may be a contributing factor.
Identification of a Non‐Commensurate Fractional‐Order Nonlinear System Based on the Separation Scheme
Authors: Wang Junwei , Xiong Weili , Ding Feng
Published: October 2024

This article is aimed to study the parameter estimation problems of a non‐commensurate fractional‐order system with saturation and dead‐zone nonlinearity. In order to reduce the structural complexity of the system, the model separation scheme is used to decompose the fractional‐order nonlinear system into two subsystems, one includes the parameters of the linear part and the other includes the parameters of the nonlinear part. Then, we derive an auxiliary model separable gradient‐based iterative algorithm with the help of the model separation scheme. In addition, to improve the utilization of the real time information, an auxiliary model separable multi‐innovation gradient‐based iterative algorithm is presented based on the sliding measurement window. Finally, the feasibility of the presented algorithms is validated by numerical simulations.
Ultra‐Low Threshold Voltage in N‐Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors Enabled by Organic Mixed Ionic‐Electronic Conductors with Dual Electron‐Withdrawing Substitutions
Authors: Ding Riqing , Zhang Xiage , Yan Ran , Peng Meishan , Su Shengyao , Jeong Sang Young , Woo Han Young , Guo Xugang , Feng Kui , Guo Zi‐Hao
Published: October 2024

Achieving low threshold voltage (Vth) in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) is essential for minimizing power consumption and enhancing sensitivity in bioelectronic devices. However, obtaining OECT materials with ultra‐low Vth, close to 0 V for n‐type conjugated polymers remains challenging. Here, a conjugated polymer FBDOPV‐CNTVT is introduced, which features a rigid backbone structure and high electron deficiency, leading to an exceptionally low lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of −4.67 eV, achieved through dual electron‐withdrawing substitutions. With its ultra‐low LUMO energy level, FBDOPV‐CNTVT exhibits high susceptibility to electrochemical doping, even demonstrating efficient doping near 0 V. Consequently, the OECT device employing FBDOPV‐CNTVT as the active material shows an ultra‐low Vth of 7.5 mV, setting a new record for the Vth of n‐type OECT devices. Furthermore, FBDOPV‐CNTVT exhibits a µC* value of 6.13 F cm−1 V−1 s−1 and retains ≈85% of its current after 2000 s cycling. This study highlights the potential of conjugated polymers with dual electron‐withdrawing substitutions to achieve ultra‐low LUMO energy levels, effectively reducing the Vth of n‐type OECT devices and promising advancements in bioelectronics.
Continuous Phase Separation Induced Tough Hydrogel Fibers with Ultrahigh Conductivity for Multidimensional Soft Electronics
Authors: Wang Zhuang , Xu Xiaoyun , Zhang Ke , Tan Renjie , Zhang Shuai , Su Yupei , Hu Jinlian
Published: October 2024

Conductive hydrogel fibers exhibit great potential in soft robots, bioelectronics, and human–machine interfaces due to the unique combination of electrical conductivity, high water content, tissue‐like mechanical properties, and 1D structure. Despite significant advances in hydrogel technologies, the typical conductive hydrogel fibers show low conductivity (<10 S cm−1), weak mechanical properties, and water stability, which makes it challenging to satisfy the requirements of practical applications. Here, a facile strategy is proposed to construct hydrogel fibers with ultrahigh conductivity and toughness by exploiting the synergistic effects of freezing‐thawing, salting‐out, and drying‐annealing. The continuous phase separation induced by the combined processes results in hierarchical structures, promoting the formation of interconnected conductive networks and increasing the fiber's crystallinity and crystal domain size. The prepared conductive hydrogel fibers exhibited ultrahigh conductivity (≈958 S cm−1), excellent mechanical properties (strength (≈6.2 MPa), stretchability (>300%), and toughness (≈10 MJ m−2)), high water content (≈75%), outstanding water stability, and fatigue resistance properties. In addition, the processibility of conductive hydrogel yarns and fabrics are demonstrated and their potential application in bioelectronics. Overall, this work presents a preparation strategy for conductive hydrogel fibers, which will facilitate the advancement of soft electronics and may inspire structural construction in other polymers.
Filiform Papillae‐Inspired Wearable Pressure Sensor with High Sensitivity and Wide Detection Range
Authors: Li Gang , Zhang Yurong , Zhang Xiaolong , Zhu Bo , Lei Yifeng , Chen Daobing , Shui Langquan , Wu Guoqiang , Xue Longjian
Published: October 2024

Flexible pressure sensor (FPS) has promising applications in fields like health monitoring and human–machine interactions. The achieving of both high sensitivity and wide detection range in FPS remains highly challenging. Here, inspired by the filiform papillae on cat tongue, a FPS (noted as FPSp) with a sensitivity up to 504.5 kPa−1, a detection range from 30 Pa to 350 kPa, a fast response time of 83 ms, and a high stability over 8000 cycles is developed. The papilla‐like structure continuously shifts the location of stress concentration under increasing pressure, which avoids the accumulation of stress at papillae tips, resulting in a high sensitivity and wide detection range. Moreover, FPSp demonstrates capabilities in monitoring human physiological signals and movement status and can serve as the human‐machine interaction interface. The work not only presents a promising wearable pressure sensor but also establishes a design strategy for high‐performance wearable bioelectronics.
In Situ Exsolved CuZn Alloy Electrocatalysts for CO2 Conversion to Tunable Syngas Production
Authors: Liu Ting , Luo Huihua , Ouyang Ting , Liu Zhao‐Qing
Published: October 2024

Alloying is considered as a promising method for syngas (H2 and CO mixture gas) generation. However, it is challenging to elucidate the relationship between the ratios of syngas and alloy components for CO2 reduction reaction. Herein, through tuning the Cu/Zn ratio on CuZn alloy, the H2/CO ratios in CuZn‐2 (Cu/Zn = 0.77) can be tuned in a noticeable range between 0.8 and 5.8 at −0.88 to −1.28 V versus RHE, and a durable stability of 12 h. The CuZn‐2 displays better performance and enhanced dynamics than other samples. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopies and Tafel results reveal that CuZn‐2 behaves kinetically optimized performance. Density functional theory calculations results reveal that CuZn alloy exhibits middle desorption intensity of *H for HER compared with pure Zn and Cu. CuZn alloy effectively decreases the energy barrier of CO2 molecules activated to *COOH relative to Zn, and also the alloy renders it easier for *CO desorb to generate CO for Cu. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies also observe a significant intensity of *CO on CuZn‐2. This work demonstrates that alloying Cu and Zn can create active sites, in which Cu acts as an auxiliary active site further facilitating *CO generation.
Light‐Assisted Polyproton Dissociated PAAm‐PA Hydrogel‐Based Moisture‐Driven Electricity Generator with a Broad Operating Range
Authors: Cheng Yan , Yang Cheng , Zhu Tianxue , Wu Che , Huang Jianying , Lai Yuekun
Published: October 2024

Due to its widespread availability and spontaneity, moisture electricity generation (MEG) holds unique advantages in self‐powered systems. However, it faces challenges, including the limitations of relying on a single kind of power generation and insufficient output performance. Inspired by the mechanisms of water absorption of plants, this paper explores a light‐moisture coordinated electricity generating hydrogel (L‐MEGH) device with flexible, scalable, and highly efficient energy conversion performance, which is obtained through the UV polymerization of hydrophilic acrylamide (AAM) and phytic acid (PA) in the presence of photosensitizers. The obtained hydrogel demonstrates superior moisture absorption and remarkable electricity generation stability across a range of humidity conditions. Notably, the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of the L‐MEGH increased from 0.675 to 0.838 V after the addition of photosensitizers (Erythrosin B, E) (the significant enhancement, up to 24%), and the short‐circuit current (Isc) reaching 635.543 µA. This L‐MEGH can realize stable electrical output even under extreme temperatures, producing 0.5 V at −20 °C for 45 h. The scalable L‐MEGHs (connected on‐demand in series/parallel) can power various commercial electronics, including nighttime illumination, mobile phones, and health monitoring sensors. This work pioneers a sustainable power generation pathway capable of enhancing performance through the hybrid collection of multiple natural energy sources.
Engineering Nanoclusters of Cell Adhesive Ligands on Biomaterial Surfaces: Superior Cell Proliferation and Myotube Formation for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Nour Shirin , Shabani Sadegh , Swiderski Kristy , Lynch Gordon S. , O'Connor Andrea J. , Qiao Greg , Heath Daniel E.
Published: October 2024

Engineering biointerfaces with nanoscale clustering of integrin‐binding cell adhesive peptides is critical for promoting receptor redistribution into signaling complexes. Skeletal muscle cells are exquisitely sensitive to integrin‐mediated signaling, yet biomaterials supporting myogenesis through control of the density and nanodistribution of ligands have not been developed. Here, materials are developed with tailorable cell adhesive ligands distribution at the interface by independently controlling their global and local density to enhance myogenesis, by promoting myoblast growth and myotube formation. To this end, RGD‐functionalized low‐fouling polymer surfaces with global ligand densities (G) from 0–7 µg peptide/mg polymer and average local ligand densities (L) from 1–6.3 ligands/cluster, are generated and characterized. Cell studies demonstrate improvements in cell adhesion, spreading, growth, and myotube formation up to a density of 7 µg peptide/mg polymer with 4 ligands/cluster. Optimizing ligand density and distribution also promotes early myofiber maturation, identified by increased MF20 marker protein expression and sarcomere‐forming myotubes. At higher ligand densities, these cell properties are decreased, indicating that ligand multivalency is a critical parameter for tailoring cell‐material interactions, to a certain threshold. The findings provide new insights for designing next‐generation biomaterials and hold promise for improved engineering of skeletal muscle.
Ultrafast Charge and Exciton Diffusion in Monolayer Films of 9‐Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons
Authors: Varghese Sebin , Mehew Jake Dudley , Wang Hai I. , Wuttke Michael , Zhou Yazhou , Müllen Klaus , Narita Akimitsu , Cummings Aron W. , Tielrooij Klaas‐Jan
Published: October 2024

Determining the electronic transport properties of graphene nanoribbons is crucial for assessing their suitability for applications. So far, this has been highly challenging both through experimental and theoretical approaches. This is particularly the case for graphene nanoribbons that are prepared by chemical vapor deposition, which is a scalable and industry‐compatible bottom‐up growth method that results in closely packed arrays of ribbons with relatively short lengths of a few tens of nanometers. In this study, the experimental technique of spatiotemporal microscopy is applied to study monolayer films of 9‐armchair graphene nanoribbons prepared using this growth method, and combined with linear‐scaling quantum transport calculations of arrays of thousands of nanoribbons. Both approaches directly resolve electronic spreading in space and time through diffusion and give an initial diffusivity approaching 200 cm2 s−1 during the first picosecond after photoexcitation. This corresponds to a mobility up to 550 cm2 V−1 s−1. The quasi‐free carriers then form excitons, which spread with a diffusivity of tens of cm2 s−1. The results indicate that this relatively large charge carrier mobility is the result of electronic transport not being hindered by defects nor inter‐ribbon hopping. This confirms their suitability for applications that require efficient electronic transport.
In Situ Reversible and Robust Mechano‐Responsive Ultralong Phosphorescence of Polyurethane Elastomer
Authors: Chen Jinzheng , Lin Faxu , Guo Danman , Tang Tianyi , Miao Yiling , Wu Yongwei , Zhai Wentao , Huang Huahua , Chi Zhenguo , Chen Yongming , Yang Zhiyong
Published: October 2024

Though mechano‐responsive luminescent materials obtained much attention, most of their responses are non‐reversible, let alone in situ reversible. Here, the study presents a new strategy to push through this limitation for their applications, which relies on the reversible mechano‐responsive (MR) hydrogen bonding interactions and polymer chain orientation among a doped polyurethane (PU) elastomer. The radiative and nonradiative transitions inside these phosphorescent triphenylene‐based aromatic secondary amines (TpNP and TpNPO) doped in the PU matrix can be accordingly modulated by these MR variations, including the PU chains orientation and the interactions between emitters and PU, respectively. Surprisingly, the intensities, quantum yields, and even lifetimes of their ultralong phosphorescence correlate well with the stress of PU, showing triple mechano‐enhancement with a small threshold value of 7.9 MPa. Importantly, these in situ and rapidly reversible MR phosphorescences possess excellent repeatability, which is still displayed even after >500 cycles of loading/unloading. Based on such a robust and highly sensitive MR afterglow, these PU materials have been demonstrated applications with no interruption of background in several fields, including micro‐crack detection, material damage prediction, limb movement monitoring, and information encryption. This work provides new insights for developing innovative ultralong phosphorescence materials with improved luminescence and reversible mechano‐responsive behavior.
Bidirectional Photovoltage‐Driven Oxide Transistors for Neuromorphic Visual Sensors
Authors: Jin Chenxing , Wang Jingwen , Yang Shenglan , Ding Yang , Chang Jianhui , Liu Wanrong , Xu Yunchao , Shi Xiaofang , Xie Pengshan , Ho Johnny C. , Wan Changjin , Zheng Zijian , Sun Jia , Liao Lei , Yang Junliang
Published: October 2024

Biological vision is one of the most important parts of the human perception system. However, emulating biological visuals is challenging because it requires complementary photoexcitation and photoinhibition. Here, the study presents a bidirectional photovoltage‐driven neuromorphic visual sensor (BPNVS) that is constructed by monolithically integrating two perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with dual‐gate ion‐gel‐gated oxide transistors. PSCs act as photoreceptors, converting external visual stimuli into electrical signals, whereas oxide transistors generate neuromorphic signal outputs that can be adjusted to produce positive and negative photoresponses. This device mimics the human vision system's ability to recognize colored and color‐mixed patterns. The device achieves a static color recognition accuracy of 96% by utilizing the reservoir computing system for feature extraction. The BPNVS mem‐reservoir chip is also proposed for handing object movement and dynamic color recognition. This work is a significant step forward in neuromorphic sensing and complex pattern recognition.
Deep‐Learning Empowered Customized Chiral Metasurface for Calibration‐Free Biosensing
Authors: Zhang Nan , Gao Feng , Wang Ride , Shen Zhonglei , Han Donghai , Cui Yuqing , Zhang Liuyang , Chang Chao , Qiu Cheng‐wei , Chen Xuefeng
Published: October 2024

As a 2D metamaterial, metasurfaces offer an unprecedented avenue to facilitate light‐matter interactions. The current “one‐by‐one design” method is hindered by time‐consuming, repeated testing within a confined space. However, intelligent design strategies for metasurfaces, limited by data‐driven properties, have rarely been explored. To address this gap, a data iterative strategy based on deep learning, coupled with a global optimization network is proposed, to achieve the customized design of chiral metasurfaces. This methodology is applied to precisely identify different chiral molecules in a label‐free manner. Fundamentally different from the traditional approach of collecting data purely through simulation, the proposed data generation strategy encompasses the entire design space, which is inaccessible by conventional methods. The dataset quality is significantly improved, with a 21‐fold increase in the number of chiral structures exhibiting the desired circular dichroism (CD) response (>0.6). The method's efficacy is validated by a monolayer structure that is easily prepared, demonstrating advanced sensing abilities for enantiomer‐specific analysis of bio‐samples. These results demonstrate the superior capability of data‐driven schemes in photonic design and the potential of chiral metasurface‐based platforms for calibration‐free biosensing applications. The proposed approach will accelerate the development of complex systems for rapid molecular detection, spectroscopic imaging, and other applications.
Suppressing Static and Dynamic Disorder for High‐Efficiency and Stable Thick‐Film Organic Solar Cells via Synergistic Dilution Strategy
Authors: Fu Zhen , Qiao Jia‐Wei , Cui Feng‐Zhe , Gui Ruo‐Hua , Lu Peng , Yin Hang , Du Xiao‐Yan , Hao Xiao‐Tao
Published: October 2024

Developing stable and highly efficient thick‐film organic solar cells (OSCs) is crucial for the large‐scale commercial application of organic photovoltaics. A novel synergistic dilution strategy to address this issue, using Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) ‐modified zinc oxide (ZnO) as the interfacial layer, is introduced. This strategy effectively mitigates oxygen defects in ZnO while also regulating the self‐assembly process of the active layer to achieve an ordered distribution of donors and acceptors. In synergistic diluted devices, the dynamic disorder is reduced owing to the suppression of electron‐phonon coupling, while the static disorder is suppressed by improved molecular stacking and enhanced intermolecular interactions. Consequently, the 300 nm PM6:L8‐BO device post‐synergistic dilution manifests a marked enhancement in device performance, achieving a photovoltaic power conversion efficiency (PCE) >17% with excellent thermal stability. A typical ternary system is selected to explore the general applicability of synergistic dilution strategy, the PCE has been enhanced significantly from 17.89% to 18.72%, which falls within the range of the highest values among inverted single junction OSCs. As a practical application that depends on the pivotal synergy between high efficiency and stability, this approach paves the way for large‐scale implementation of OSCs and ensures cost‐effectiveness.
Protecting Against Postsurgery Oral Cancer Recurrence with an Implantable Hydrogel Vaccine for In Situ Photoimmunotherapy
Authors: Chen Lan , Yin Qiqi , Zhang Handan , Zhang Jie , Yang Guizhu , Weng Lin , Liu Tao , Xu Chenghui , Xue Pengxin , Zhao Jinchao , Zhang Han , Yao Yanli , Chen Xin , Sun Shuyang
Published: October 2024

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) often recurs aggressively and metastasizes despite surgery and adjuvant therapy, driven by postoperative residual cancer cells near the primary tumor site. An implantable in situ vaccine hydrogel was designed to target residual OSCC cells post‐tumor removal. This hydrogel serves as a reservoir for the sustained localized release of δ‐aminolevulinic acid (δ‐ALA), enhancing protoporphyrin IX‐mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT), and a polydopamine‐hyaluronic acid composite for photothermal therapy (PTT). Additionally, immune adjuvants, including anti‐CD47 antibodies (aCD47) and CaCO3 nanoparticles, are directly released into the resected tumor bed. This approach induces apoptosis of residual OSCC cells through sequential near‐infrared irradiation, promoting calcium interference therapy (CIT). The hydrogel further stimulates immunogenic cell death (ICD), facilitating the polarization of tumor‐associated macrophages from the M2 to the M1 phenotype. This facilitates phagocytosis, dendritic cell activation, robust antigen presentation, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte‐mediated cytotoxicity. In murine OSCC models, the in situ vaccine effectively prevents local recurrence, inhibits orthotopic OSCC growth and pulmonary metastases, and provides long‐term protective immunity against tumor rechalle nge. These findings support postoperative in situ vaccination with a biocompatible hydrogel implant as a promising strategy to minimize residual tumor burden and reduce recurrence risk after OSCC resection.
EPO Deficiency Upregulates GADD45b/p38 MAPK Axis, Mediating Schizophrenia‐Related Synaptic and Cognitive Impairments
Authors: Guo Cuiping , Li Wensheng , Liu Yi , Tao Xiaoqing , Mahaman Yacoubou Abdoul Razak , Wang Jianzhi , Liu Rong , Li Shusheng , Wang Xiaochuan
Published: October 2024

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a chronic and severe mental illness associated with psychiatric symptoms, cognitive deficits, and social dysfunction. Current clinical interventions only limit relief of psychiatric symptoms and have minimal impact on cognitive impairments. Erythropoietin (EPO), known for its role in neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, is significantly low in SZ patients. However, the role of EPO deficiency in SZ‐associated cognitive deficits remains unclear. In this study, we used the MK801‐induced SZ rat model to show that EPO levels were significantly decreased, correlating with cognitive impairments. EPO supplementation mitigated apoptosis, synaptic damage, and cognitive impairments caused by MK801. RNA‐sequencing and Western blot analysis revealed increased expression of growth arrest and DNA damage 45b (GADD45b) in MK801‐treated rats, reversed by EPO supplementation. Moreover, overexpression of GADD45b exacerbated neuronal loss and cognitive impairments in male Sprague‐Dawley rats, while downregulation of GADD45b rescued these SZ‐related pathologies. Notably, the benefits of EPO supplementation on SZ pathology were blocked by GADD45b overexpression. Inhibition of p38 MAPK, a GADD45b target, reduced MK801‐induced apoptosis and synaptic damage. These findings uncover a novel etiopathogenic mechanism of SZ‐related cognitive impairments, driven by EPO deficiency and the activation of the GADD45b/p38 MAPK axis.
Microbial Surface Confined Growth Strategy for the Synthesis of Highly Loaded NiCoP Nanoparticles with Hollow Derived Carbon Shells for Sodium Ion Capture
Authors: Yuan Jianhua , Sun Tianxiao , Chen Jinfeng , Zhou Runhong , Cao Jianglin , Yu Fei , Li Liqing , Zhong Xiumin , Ma Jie
Published: October 2024

NiCoP is considered to be a very promising material for sodium ion (Na+) capturing, however, the volume expansion and poor cyclic stability of NiCoP during the storage limit its application. In response to these limitations, Finite element simulations are used to help in the rational design of the NiCoP structure. A novel microbial surface confined growth strategy is employed to synthesize highly loaded NiCoP nanoparticles (NiCoP NPs) supported on hollow derived carbon shells (NPC), constructing a stable composite structure known as NiCoP@NPC. The highly loaded and uniformly dispersed NiCoP NPs are anchored in‐situ and fully exposed, enabling enhanced electron and ion transport efficiency and thereby boosting pseudocapacitance. The NPC from yeast played a crucial role in mitigating the volume expansion of NiCoP NPs, thereby enhancing the structural stability of the electrode. Consequently, NiCoP@NPC demonstrated a high Na+ storage capacity of 59.70 ± 1.51 mg g−1 at 1.6 V and maintained good cycling stability, retaining over 73.3% of its capacity after 80 cycles at 1.6 V. Scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy (STXM) analysis confirmed the reversible conversion reaction mechanism and the robust structure of NiCoP@NPC before and after the reaction; Density function theory (DFT) and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM‐D) further confirmed that the structural design of NiCoP@NPC promoted electron transport, Na+ adsorption as well as improved cycling stability. This study is intended to provide a new idea for the in‐situ confined synthesis of metal phosphides electrodes with stable performance and structure.
Design Lithium Exchanged Zeolite Based Multifunctional Electrode Additive for Ultra‐High Loading Electrode Toward High Energy Density Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Gao Yunnan , Yang Yi , Yang Tingzhou , Zhang Zhen , Tang Liang , Mao Zhiyu , Zhang Yongguang , Luo Dan , Chen Zhongwei
Published: October 2024

The practicalization of a high energy density battery requires the electrode to achieve decent performance under ultra‐high active material loading. However, as the electrode thickness increases, there is a notable restriction in ionic transport in the electrodes, limiting the diffusion kinetics of Li+ and the utilization rate of active substances. In this study, lithium‐ion‐exchanged zeolite X (Li‐X zeolite) is synthesized via Li+ exchange strategy to enhance Li+ diffusion kinetics. When incorporated Li–X zeolite into the ultra‐high loading cathodes, it possesses i) high electron conductivity with a uniform network by reducing tortuosity, ii) decent ion conductivity attributes to modulated Li+ diffusivity of Li‐X and iii) high elasticity to prevent particle‐level cracking and electrode‐level disintegration. Moreover, Li–X zeolite at the solid/liquid interface facilitates the formation of a stable cathode electrolyte interface, which effectively suppresses side reactions and mitigates the dissolution of transition cations. Therefore, an ultra‐high loading (66 mg cm−2) cathode is fabricated via dry electrode technology, demonstrating a remarkable areal capacity of 12.7 mAh cm−2 and a high energy density of 464 Wh kg−1 in a lithium metal battery. The well‐designed electrode structure with multifunctional Li–X zeolite as an additive in thick cathodes holds promise to enhance the battery's rate capability, cycling stability, and overall energy density.
Core‐Shell Colloidal Quantum Dots for Energy Conversion
Authors: Jin Lei , Selopal Gurpreet Singh , Sun Xiao Wei , Rosei Federico
Published: October 2024

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are promising building blocks in optoelectronic devices, mainly due to their size/shape/composition‐tunable properties. Core–shell QDs, in particular, offer enhanced stability, mitigated photoluminescence blinking, and suppressed non‐radiative recombination compared to plain QDs, making them highly promising for energy conversion applications such as photovoltaic devices, luminescent solar concentrators, solar‐driven hydrogen production, and light‐emitting diodes. Here, a comprehensive analysis of core–shell QDs in energy conversion technologies is provided. Emerging design strategies are explored and various synthetic methods focusing on optimizing band structure, band alignment, and optical properties are critically explored. Insights into the structure‐property relationship are discussed, highlighting recent advancements and the most effective strategies to enhance energy conversion performance. The review is concluded by addressing key challenges and proposing future research directions, emphasizing the need for rational design, precise synthesis, effective surface engineering, and the integration of machine learning to achieve optimized properties for technological applications.
In situ monitoring of CO 2 sorption on polyethylenimine dynamics through broadband dielectric spectroscopy
Authors: Tress Martin , Ahmadi Soma , Cheng Shiwang
Published: October 2024

Chemical reactions between carbon dioxide (CO) and amine have been extensively characterized, however, their influence on the dynamics of polyamines remains largely unexplored. In this work, we compare the dynamics of polyethylenimine (PEI) before and after CO absorption through broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). The molecular processes of bulk PEI are very different from those of thin film PEI, highlighting an interesting interface and nano‐confinement effect. Detailed analyses show CO absorption slows down the PEI dynamics, which is consistent with an elevated glass transition temperature of PEI upon CO absorption from differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Further in situ kinetic measurements demonstrate nonmonotonic changes in relaxation times or dielectric amplitudes of some relaxation processes during CO sorption or desorption, suggesting an intriguing interplay between CO chemisorption and the dynamics of PEI. These results demonstrate that BDS is a powerful platform to resolve the temporal dynamics changes of polyamines for CO capture.
LiTFSI salt concentration effect for well‐balanced ion transport and physical properties in nanocellulose‐reinforced PEO#600 solid electrolytes
Authors: Sabrina Qolby , Yulianti Riyani Tri , Sundari Suci , Subhan Achmad , Majid Nurhalis , Handayani Aniek Sri , Ratnawati  , Sugawara Akihide , Uyama Hiroshi , Yudianti Rike
Published: October 2024

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with an oxygen group serves as a reactive site for the pathway of lithium‐ion transport. Reducing the PEO crystal domain in solid electrolytes is an extremely efficient approach for enhancing the mobility of ions. The present study applied various EO/Li molar ratios to modify the physical and electrochemical properties of PEO nanocomposite reinforced by nanocellulose. An elevated lithium salt concentration causes a gradual decline in crystallinity and mechanical strength. The electrochemical performance of the 13 EO/Li molar ratio voltammogram and charge–discharge shows efficient Li‐ion transport with 5.6 × 10−4 S/cm conductivity at room temperature and 131 mA h g−1 initial discharge capacity. The shifting glass transition and melting point at lower temperatures (−40.5 to −44.5°C and 45.3–43.8°C) suggest greater ion mobility throughout the large non‐crystalline structure. Lithium ions are limited by membrane weakening and re‐crystallization caused by high lithium salt (EM_11) concentrations. EM_13 has the highest specific capacity, operating voltage, and lithium transfer number depends on balanced electrochemical performance and physical features. XPS surface chemistry analysis explains LiF, Li2CO3, and Li2O solid electrolyte interfaces (SEI) in EM samples. A lower Li2O (11.62 at.%) than LiF (38.4 at.%) after cycling enhances Li‐ion diffusion and cell reversibility.
Photothermal Catalytic Degradation of VOCs: Mode, System and Application
Authors: Bai Xiang , Qi Xinyu , Liu Yunchao , Sun Jing , Shen Tingting , Pan Lijun
Published: October 2024

Human production and living processes emit excessive VOCs into the atmosphere, posing significant threats to both human health and the environment. The photothermal catalytic oxidation process is an organic combination of photocatalysis and thermocatalysis. Utilizing photothermal catalytic degradation of VOCs can achieve better catalytic activity at lower temperatures, resulting in more rapid and thorough degradation of these compounds. Photothermal catalysis has been increasingly applied in the treatment of atmospheric VOCs due to its many advantages. A brief introduction on the three modes of photothermal catalysis is presented. Depending on the main driving force of the reactions, they can be categorized into thermal‐assisted photocatalysis (TAPC), photo‐assisted thermal catalysis (PATC) and photo‐driven thermal catalysis (PDTC). The commonly used catalyst design methods and reactor types for photothermal catalysis are also briefly introduced. This paper then focuses on recent developments in specific applications for photothermal catalytic oxidation of different types of VOCs and their corresponding principles. Finally, the problems and challenges facing VOC degradation through this method are summarized, along with prospects for future research.
Self‐assembled Lipid Nanoparticles for Killing Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Rahaman Wahida , Chaudhuri Arabinda
Published: October 2024

Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) lacking estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) on their cell surfaces are highly aggressive, difficult‐to‐treat and often relapse. Herein, we report on the self‐assembled lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) of two new pegylated lipopeptides for killing TNBCs (MDA‐MB‐231). The pegylated lipopeptides were synthesized by conjugating an n‐hexadecyl hydrophobic tail to one end of a (PEG)27 unit the other distal end of which was covalently grafted with two previously reported tumor targeting RGDK‐ and CGKRK‐ peptides. The SEM images of the self‐assembled LNPs formed upon dissolution of the pegylated lipopeptides in aqueous medium revealed formation of spherical aggregates. The degree of cellular uptake for the self‐assembled LNPs formed by the pegylated CGKRK‐lipopeptide were found to be significantly higher than that for the self‐assembled LNPs formed by the pegylated RGDK‐lipopeptide in MCF‐7, MDA‐MB‐231, HEK‐293 and HFF cells. Notably, about 60 % TNBCs (MDA‐MB‐231 cells) were killed upon treatment with commercially available potent JAK2 inhibitor (WP 1066) loaded LNPs of the pegylated RGDK‐lipopeptide. Contrastingly, the same treatment killed only about 20 % non‐cancerous HEK‐293 cells. The self‐assembled pegylated LNPs described herein open the door for undertaking preclinical studies in animal models for TNBCs.
Preview control for linear parameter‐varying discrete‐time systems using a linear fractional representation
Authors: Li Li , Lu Yanrong , Ye Hui
Published: October 2024

In order to create a mixed tracking controller for discrete‐time linear parameter‐varying (LPV) systems, this work introduces a unique control strategy employing a linear fractional representation (LFR). Under the premise that the reference signal can be previewable, a design strategy for a controller with preview compensations is suggested. First, a preview tracking control issue is changed into a regulator problem by adding two additional linked auxiliary parameters into the initial system state/input, which further creates more enhanced error systems incorporating future information of reference signals. The suggested conditions then depend on utilizing slack variables with decision matrices related to the LFR approach in order to give innovative preview controller designs. We also construct reduced conservative synthesis situations by taking into account parameter‐dependent Lyapunov functions and full‐block multipliers. In order to create state‐feedback and output‐feedback preview tracking controllers, design requirements are characterized as linear matrix inequalities. Two simulation studies are completed as the last step to highlight how successful the suggested control strategy is.
Investigation of antibacterial and anticancer activities of biosynthesized metal‐doped and undoped zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Şendal Kaan , Üstün Özgür Mahmure , Ortadoğulu Sucu Ebru , Findik Melike Başak , Erdoğan Ömer , Oryaşin Erman , Çevik Özge
Published: October 2024

Over the past 10 years, nanotechnology has emerged as a very promising technique for a wide range of biomedical applications. Green synthesized metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are cheap, easy to produce in large quantities, and safe for the environment. Currently, efforts are being made to dope ZnO in order to improve its optical, electrical, and ferromagnetic qualities as well as its crystallographic quality. Actually, doping is one of the simplest methods for enhancing an NP's physicochemical characteristics because it involves introducing impure ions into the crystal lattice of the particle. In this study, the biosynthesis of zinc oxide NPs (ZnONPs) and metal‐doped (Mg2+ and Ag+) ZnONPs was carried out by using aqueous and water‐alcoholic extracts of Cynara scolymus L. leaves, Carthamus tinctorius L. flowers, and Rheum ribes L. (RrL) plant, which are rich in phytochemical content. Plant extracts act as a natural reducing, capping, and stabilizing agent in the production. The produced NPs were characterized using a variety of methods, such as ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The produced metal‐doped and undoped ZnONPs exhibited characteristic absorption peaks between 365 and 383 nm due to their surface plasmon resonance bands. SEM analysis revealed that the NPs were oval, nearly spherical, and spherical. In the FTIR spectra, the Zn–O bonding peak ranges from 400 to 700 cm−1. The peaks obtained in the range of 407–562 cm−1 clearly represent the Zn–O bond. In addition, the FTIR results showed that there were notable amounts of phenol and flavonoid compounds in both the prepared extract and ZnONPs. According to DLS analysis results, the size distribution of produced NPs is between 120 and 786 nm. The antibacterial properties of green produced NPs on Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus RN4220) and Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli DH10B) bacterial strains were investigated by agar well diffusion method. In studies investigating the anticancer activities of biosynthesized NPs, mouse fibroblast cells (L929) were used as healthy cells and human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) were used as cancer cells. Only the produced Ag‐ZnONPs showed potent dose‐dependent antibacterial activity (at concentrations higher than 100 µg/mL) against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. RrL‐ZnONP‐600 and RrL‐ZnONP‐800 NPs produced with water–ethanol extract of RrL plant and calcined at 600 and 800°C were effective at high concentrations in healthy cells and at low concentrations in HeLa cancer cells, showing that they have the potential to be anticancer agents. The study's findings highlight the potential of green synthesis techniques in the production of medicinal nanomaterials for the treatment of cancer and other biological uses.
Comparative analysis of six aconitine‐type alkaloids in decocting extracts between the different processed Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix praeparata) and its pharmacokinetic behavior in rats by HPLC‐MS/MS
Authors: Feng Baodong , Shang Bing , Yang Yang , Liu Renyan , Su Linqi , Zhang Yu , Xin Lingyi , Chen Qinhua , Li Zhihao
Published: October 2024

Aconiti Lateralis Radix praeparata (also known as Fuzi in Chinese) has been extensively used in clinic. However, the toxicity issues limit the therapeutic range of Fuzi. Thus, a rapid and sensitive HPLC‐MS/MS method was developed to simultaneously quantify and compare six active/toxic constituents in decocting extracts from four different processed Fuzi products and in rat plasma after oral administration of its decocting extracts. The selectivity, linearity, sensitivity, precisions, accuracy, matrix effects, extraction recoveries, and stability were validated. The comparative analysis of six alkaloids in decocting extracts between the four kinds of Fuzi products were conducted by the validated HPLC‐MS/MS. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least‐squares discriminate analysis (OPLS‐DA) were adopted to compare the differences of decocting extracts from the different processed Fuzi products. Besides, selecting Heishunpian (HSP) as the representative of the processed Fuzi products, we investigated the pharmacokinetic behaviors of these major alkaloids after oral administration. The developed HPLC‐MS/MS method to simultaneously analyze these aconitine‐type alkaloids in decocting extracts, and its pharmacokinetic behavior after oral administration may pave a way for quality control of Fuzi and monitoring the safety and rationality of clinical prescriptions.
Non‐thermal plasma decontamination of microbes: a state of the art
Authors: Xu Yiyi , Bassi Amarjeet
Published: October 2024

Microbial decontamination is a critical concern in various sectors, from healthcare to food processing. Traditional decontamination methods, while effective to a degree, present limitations in terms of environmental impact, efficiency, and potential harm to the target material. This review investigates the emerging realm of non‐thermal plasma (NTP) as a promising alternative for microbial decontamination, emphasizing its mechanisms, reactor designs and applications. The mechanism decomposed into physical, chemical and biological effects of plasma, are elaborated upon to provide a foundational understanding of the intrinsic principles of plasma decontamination. Except for the generation type of NTP, reactors and other parameters by which NTP achieves microbial decontamination, emphasizing the design considerations and parameters that influence its efficacy. Moreover, the latest applications of NTP in decontaminating air, water, and surfaces, supported by the latest research findings in each domain are explored. Additionally, the perspectives on the future research tendencies of NTP decontamination and disinfection are highlighted with potential avenues for exploration and innovation. Through this comprehensive review, the aim is to underscore the potential of NTP, particularly DBD plasma, as a versatile, efficient, and environmentally friendly method for microbial decontamination.