bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“The Talk” Tells the Story: A Qualitative Investigation of Parents’ Racial Socialization Competency With Black Adolescents
Authors: Anderson Riana Elyse , Ahn Lydia HaRim , Brooks Jasmin R. , Charity-Parker Bianka , Inniss-Thompson Misha , Gumudavelly Divya , Mitchell Secret , Anyiwo Nkemka
Published: February 2022

Black youth overwhelmingly experience racial discrimination (RD). Racial socialization (RS), or racial communication between families, mitigates RD stress by expanding youth coping strategies. Although most Black parents currently discuss racial content with their children, less is known about this RS quality. The burgeoning construct of RS competency, or the skills, confidence, and stress of RS transmission, explores these emotion-focused approaches. Drawing on the racial encounter coping appraisal and socialization theory (RECAST), the current study seeks to depict RS competency through qualitative methods. Through deductive analysis, we examined in-depth interviews from nine parents of 10- to 14-year-olds enrolled in a RS intervention with familial conversations on RD in an urban mid-Atlantic city. Overall, findings support what has been found in quantitative studies of RS competency, particularly that subfactors are related yet unique, parent’s prior experiences impact current practices, and parental concerns for children drive practices and competency. This study also unearthed findings of processes occurring in light of a contentious context for Black adolescents. To our knowledge, this is the first study to qualitatively investigate these emotional and cognitive processes inherent in RS competency, which has future implications for family interventions to disrupt the psychological impact racism exacts on Black adolescents and families.
A Unified Model for Entrainment by Circadian Clocks: Dynamic Circadian Integrated Response Characteristic (dCiRC)
Authors: An Zheming , Piccoli Benedetto , Merrow Martha , Lee Kwangwon
Published: February 2022

Circadian rhythms are ubiquitous and are observed in all biological kingdoms. In nature, their primary characteristic or phenotype is the phase of entrainment. There are two main hypotheses related to how circadian clocks entrain, parametric and non-parametric models. The parametric model focuses on the gradual changes of the clock parameters in response to the changing ambient condition, whereas the non-parametric model focuses on the instantaneous change of the phase of the clock in response to the zeitgeber. There are ample empirical data supporting both models. However, only recently has a unifying model been proposed, the circadian integrated response characteristic (CiRC). In the current study, we developed a system of ordinary differential equations, dynamic CiRC (dCiRC), that describes parameters of circadian rhythms and predicts the phase of entrainment in zeitgeber cycles. dCiRC mathematically extracts the underlying information of velocity changes of the internal clock that reflects the parametric model and the phase shift trajectory that reflects the non-parametric model from phase data under entraining conditions. As a proof of concept, we measured clock parameters of 26 Neurospora crassa ecotypes in both cycling and constant conditions using dCiRC. Our data showed that the morning light shortens the period of the clock while the afternoon light lengthens it. We also found that individual ecotypes have different strategies of integrating light effects to accomplish the optimal phase of entrainment, a model feature that is consistent with our knowledge of how circadian clocks are organized and encoded. The unified model dCiRC will provide new insights into how circadian clocks function under different zeitgeber conditions. We suggest that this type of model may be useful in the advent of chronotherapies.
Effect of the cooling rate on the fracture toughness of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites
Authors: Zhao Dacheng , Li Ting , Zhang Haoxuan , Liu Weiping , Yue Guangquan , Pan Lijian
Published: February 2022

Carbon fiber (CF) reinforced thermoplastic composites have great potential in the aerospace industry. However, defects and delamination restrict the application of the composites. This study investigated the effect of cooling rate on the crystallization and inter-laminar fracture toughness of CF reinforced polyphenylene sulfide (CF/PPS) composites. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that the crystallinity of the composites decreased from 49.6% to 27.1% when the cooling rate increased from 2°C/min to 1000°C/min. Meanwhile, mode I and mode II fracture toughness, as measured by the double cantilever beam (DCB) and end-notched flexure (ENF) tests, increased by 486% and 52%, respectively. The fracture morphology of the composites after DCB tests showed that when the cooling rate was 2, 30, and 300°C/min, the crack propagation occurred inside the resin, which was a typical cohesive failure. Moreover, when the cooling rate was 1000°C/min, the crack propagation belonged to the combination of cohesive and adhesive failure, indicating that a high cooling rate was conducive to improving the fracture toughness. It also turned out that the contribution of the matrix deformation dominated the fracture toughness.
High performance electrode material for Li-organic battery based on quinoxalin-thiophene conjugated polymer/carbon powder composite
Authors: Yue Xin , Zhao Jinsheng , Kong Lingqian
Published: February 2022

In this work, thiophene derivatives were selected as donor units and pyrazine derivatives as receptor units to synthesize two composite materials consisting of supercapacitor carbon (SC) loaded with poly [2,3-bis (2-pyridinyl)-5,8-bis (2-thiophenyl) quinoxaline] (PPTQ) or poly [2,3-bis (2-pyridinyl)-5,8-bis (2-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) quinoxaline] (PPETQ) by cationic radical polymerization. First, chemical bonds structure, surface morphology, and element valence states of these materials were characterized by infrared (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and XPS in turn. CV curves were used to determine their initial oxygen reduction potentials and to calculate their HOMO and LUMO values, both polymers have a narrow band gap, with Eg values lower than 2 eV. The polymer composite materials were tested as anodes in lithium-ion batteries, with a lithium sheet used as the counter electrode. Then the constant current charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) impedance were measured. The first discharge specific capacities of PPTQ@SC and PPETQ@SC were 895.9 mAh/g and 913.0 mAh/g at a current density of 100 mA/g, the formation of a SEI film occurred in the second cycle, and their coulomb efficiencies can reach more than 90% from the third cycle, and the discharge platform appeared at about 1.0 V. In contrast, due to its stronger electron-donating ability, the PPETQ polymer containing the 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) group have better electrical conductivity and its honeycomb structure provides more active sites for the lithiation/delithiation redox process. Therefore, the specific capacity of PPETQ@SC are all higher than that of PPTQ@SC at different current densities.
Polyimide/fluorinated silica composite films with low dielectric constant and low water absorption
Authors: Huang Bingliang , Li Ke , Peng Mingyun , Cheng Jie
Published: February 2022

In this study, KMnO4 was applied as an etchant to partially decompose the silica microspheres into mesoporous structures. 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane was grafted onto the surface of the hollow silica. A fluorinated silica/polyimide hybrid material was prepared. Meanwhile, the influence of fluorinated silica on the dielectric property and moisture absorption property of the hybrid material was discussed. It is found that the fluorinated silica can lower the dielectric constant and hygroscopicity of the hybrid film. The fluorinated silica is characterized by strong hydrophobicity, good dispersibility, and good thermal stability. Even at a very low filling level of only 2 wt%, the dielectric constant of the polyimide hybrid is significantly reduced to 2.61 without sacrificing thermal stability. The water absorption rate of the polyimide hybrid film is reduced from approximately 3.1% to 2.1 wt%. Moreover, this provides a new idea for reducing the dielectric and water absorption properties of materials.
Minimization of total manufacturing cost of a knuckle joint assembly by means of optimal tolerance allocation using various optimization algorithms
Authors: Kumar Dharmaraj Vignesh , Durairaj Ravindran , Lenin Nagarajan , Siva Kumar Mahalingam , Marcel Moshi Antony Joseph Decruz Arul
Published: February 2022

In the present work, the minimization of total manufacturing cost of an assembly considering tolerance allocation using various optimization algorithms have been addressed. Complex assembly which consists of more than one critical dimension with any one dimension of the part involved in more than one dimensional chain has been considered in this work. The manufacturing cost of the various parts of an assembly with tolerance allocation has been minimized using the cost tolerance model. The benchmark solution to the problem has been derived using Lagrange Multiplier (LM) method. The results are improved using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm by considering the Alternate Nominal Dimension Selection (ANDS). The results have been compared with LM method and found GA outperformed ABC algorithm. Further the research has been extended by considering ANDS and Alternate Process Selection (APS) using Teaching-Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm and the results have been compared with benchmark solutions. The proposed method is suitable for any type of complex assembly. An Improved Knuckle Joint (IKJ) assembly has been chosen for the illustration of proposed methodology with an implementation strategy. From the results, it was noted that TLBO yielded better results in the aspect of minimizing the total manufacturing cost of IKJ assemblies.
Global Cyber Governance in China: Towards Building a Community of Shared Future in Cyberspace
Authors: Zheng Fu , Di Gao
Published: February 2022

At the Second World Internet Conference in 2015, the Chinese President put forward the advocacy of building a community with a shared future in cyberspace. In recent years, with the gradual and widespread recognition of the concept of a cyberspace community with a shared future, how to promote the specific construction of the cyberspace community with a shared future has become a focus. The international community, including Europe and the United States, emerging countries and developing countries, is already in a cyberspace as a whole. Jointly building a community with a shared future in cyberspace can better deal with common network problems, explore the community of cyberspace conflict of cyberspace value, cyberspace security threatened, cyberspace interests game three main practical problems, and explore the benefits and value of cyberspace community for the members of the international community, form from promoting discussion, expand consensus, strengthen construction, seek to collaborative path innovation, can actively promote the effective governance of the global network.
Policy Implications of the Concept of Technological Catch-Up for the Management of Healthcare Sector in Developing Countries
Authors: Zackery Ali , Zolfagharzadeh Mohammad Mahdi , Hamidi Mahdi
Published: February 2022

The concept of technological catch-up can be used as a theoretical platform to design policies for the management of the healthcare sector in developing countries. In this article, initially, the factors affecting a technological catch-up process were collected through a conceptual literature review and prioritised using a fuzzy Delphi survey. The interdependences among important contributory factors were investigated as well. They were then used to create some policy recommendations for the management of the healthcare sector in developing countries through an interdisciplinary integration of the literature of technological catch-up and healthcare. Some exemplary projects/initiatives using these policies were collected too. The quality of human resources, a comprehensive knowledge management system, interactive learning and innovation-encouraging culture were rated as the most important contributing factors to an effectual technological catch-up in the healthcare sector in developing countries. Also, the creation of distributed health social networks, development of systematic knowledge management systems, forming strategic partnerships and designing path-creating technological catch-up processes by focusing on indigenous innovation were the final policy recommendations. All in all, the healthcare sector in developing countries should stop chasing frontiers, should try taking detours and flying a balloon by adopting a strategy of differentiation.
Investigation of the Perception of Occupational Safety, Work Stress and Happiness in Healthcare Workers
Authors: Özer Özlem , Özkan Okan , Özmen Sümeyye , Çirakli Ümit
Published: February 2022

This study aims to examine the relationships between occupational safety, work stress and happiness perceptions of nurses and other healthcare workers working in a university hospital. No sample was selected in the study, the data collection tool was distributed to all employees who agreed to participate in the study and 195 usable questionnaires have been obtained. According to the correlation analysis results, there are negative and weak relationships between occupational safety and work stress, positive and weak relationships between occupational safety and happiness, and negative and weak relationships between work stress and happiness. According to the regression analysis results, it has been determined that perceived occupational safety explains 4.1% of the total variance on work stress, 8.4% of the total variance on happiness and perceived work stress explains 12.4% of the total variance on happiness. The study also found that the variable affecting perceived happiness the most is work stress.
Innovations in Primary Healthcare: A Review of Initiatives to Promote Maternal Health in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Vaidyanathan Girija , V. R. Muraleedharan , T. Sundararaman , Dash Umakant , M. Rajesh , Ranjan Alok , R. Babu , Iyer Hariharan , S. R. Rajasulochana , Chokshi Maulik , Mokashi Tushar , Nair Arun
Published: February 2022

One of the key factors that has helped the state of Tamil Nadu to make significant progress in the health sector, especially in maternal health, is an enabling political environment in the state that has prioritised programmes for the welfare of women and children, irrespective of the party in power. This article reviews 10 key innovations in maternal health and tribal health introduced in the state of Tamil Nadu from 2005–2006 to 2020–2021. The specific questions addressed are as follows: what are the special innovative schemes introduced by the state of Tamil Nadu to promote maternal health? Whether and to what extent utilisation of public delivery system for maternal services has increased over the past 15 years or so?

The overall impact of these initiatives on the maternal health of the state is assessed by analysing two indicators: trends in maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and financial burden due to delivery in public and private facilities. MMR in the state of Tamil Nadu is steadily falling—from 111 in 2004–2006 to 60 in 2016–2018. While average out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) during delivery in the public sector has increased from ₹2,454 in 2014 to ₹3,465 in 2017–2018, in the private sector, it has increased from ₹32,182 in 2014 to ₹34,635 in 2017–2018. OOPE in private facilities is nearly ten times higher than OOPE in public facilities, in both rural and urban areas. While the overall status of maternal health has improved significantly in the state, there are wide variations within and across districts. However, significant improvements in the overall health status can be achieved only if such inequities are reduced systematically, and efforts are being made to reduce such inequities.
Devastated but Determined: The Story of a Tribal Area Women Entrepreneur
Authors: Mohanty Sagyan Sagarika , Samal Jayalaxmi
Published: February 2022

The case highlighted the approach, challenges and operating model of a micro business and the passion and potentiality of a woman entrepreneur to establish a leaf plate manufacturing unit in the remote Kandhamal district of Odisha, India. Banani established her business unit Sai Swapna Udyog (SSU) in the year 2020, with the noble intention of providing an improved life and consistent livelihood to the poor tribal people of Kandhamal district by using the indigenous raw materials and unique skill set of the tribal population.

While trying hard to conquer various challenges specific to the MSME sector, her business has been trapped by the vicious hits of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the rolling COVID conditions and extending to the second phase without any predictable future, will Banani be able to market her product in the post-COVID period? Will she be able to design a proper distribution network to witness desirable success? Is it possible for Banani to take the business to a next level through expansion and diversification looking at the dim and devastating economic conditions? Is it possible for SSU to justify itself as a green brand as it is focussing on producing biodegradable products?
Is Digital Business Model Innovation the Silver Bullet for SMEs Competitiveness in Digital Era? Evidence from a Developing Nation
Authors: Teoh Ming Fang , Ahmad Noor Hazlina , Abdul-Halim Hasliza , Ramayah T.
Published: February 2022

Digital business model innovation (DBMI) is often claimed to be a ‘game changer’ for SMEs in Malaysia. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can use digital technology to coordinate business activities and create and deliver differentiated value to customers in both domestic and global markets. The literature on DBMI is sparse in the SME context. Therefore, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight SME top managers to investigate how SMEs in manufacturing and service sector can implement DBMI (value creation innovation, value proposition innovation, value delivery innovation, value capture innovation); the challenges encountered in the DBMI adoption process and how they can be resolved; and perceptions of DBMI (whether as a ‘storm’ or ‘silver bullet’ for SMEs competitiveness). The findings highlight that DBMI is perceived as a ‘silver bullet’ for SMEs that will allow them to improve competitiveness and sustainability in the digital age. This study contributes insights and valuable information to researchers, academics, SMEs, entrepreneurs (managers) and policy makers.
L&T’S Acquisition of Mindtree Limited: Is It Worth Contesting?
Authors: Singh Gaurika , Madhusudan Gayatri , Chauhan Gaurav Singh
Published: February 2022

On March 18, 2019, Larsen & Toubro (L&T) made an open offer to buy up to a 31% stake in Mindtree (MT), which was among the top 10 information technology (IT) companies in India. L&T had already purchased the 20.41% stake that V. G. Siddhartha (VGS), the largest individual investor in Mindtree, was looking to sell. Mindtree’s promoters felt that the acquisition by L&T would add no value for the shareholders of the company. They had considered the option of buying VGS’s stake and had discussions with suitors who had shown interest in the same. The latter included PE firms such as Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) and Baring PE Asia. However, in the end, L&T ended up buying the stake given the price it was willing to offer and the good relationship that its CEO, S. N. Subrahmanyan had with VGS. This led to the first hostile takeover in the Indian IT Industry.

The struggle between L&T and Mindtree’s founders left investors in a lurch. While Mindtree’s promoters released a statement stating that L&T’s offer was value-destructive for shareholders, they could not provide any better alternatives. As the founders and L&T continued to lock horns, the investor needed to decide whether L&T had offered a fair deal.
Understanding What Informs the Choice of Agro-Processing Firm Siting: Evidence from a Developing Country
Authors: Nyame Isaac , Caesar Livingstone Divine
Published: February 2022

This article investigates the complexity of factors that influence the location choice for agro-processing firms from a developing country and SME perspective. It further examines the underpinning role of government policies regarding the siting, operation and effectiveness of agro-processing firms. Using a quantitative methods research design, 124 randomly sampled agro-processing firms were surveyed. The collected data was analysed using exploratory factor analysis and logistic regression analysis. It emerged that business support, economic and socio-cultural factors had a direct impact on decisions regarding the siting of agro-processing firms. Also, the availability of raw materials and cheap labour equally contributes to such decisions. Government policies turned out to be ineffective in influencing decisions on the siting of agro-processing firms. In terms of policy, there is a need to refocus efforts to incentivise agro-entrepreneurs, open up access to sustainable funding options and build the innovative capacity of agro-processing firms. This is critical to attracting agro-processing investments to remote areas such as Northern Ghana to revamp the local economy. This article highlights the impact of policy on the location of agro businesses in developing countries and also demonstrates the nexus between the location of a business and its performance.
A comparative study on energy-based fatigue criteria for lifetime calculation of magnetorheological elastomers under multiaxial loading
Authors: Saeidi Googarchin Hamed , Shojaeefard Mohammad Hassan , Hosseini Seyyed Mohammad , Banagar Isa
Published: February 2022

Predicting fatigue life of magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) containing, different volumes of carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) with various external magnetic fields has been investigated. Unlike many studies on fatigue behavior of MREs, representing experimental models, a novel three-dimensional constitutive magneto-hyper-viscoelastic semi-coupling model based on strain energy density function (3DSED) is derived, analyzing the fatigue of structures enhanced by MRE experimentally and numerically. In this 3DSED model, to obtain the best predicting MREs’ fatigue life, three different hyper-elastic functions, including Neo-Hookean, Mooney-Rivlin, and Yeoh are utilized. Using some uniaxial compression, such as loading phase, relaxation, and loading/unloading phases tests, hyper-elastic, magneto-elastic, and viscoelastic constants are determined. In addition, multi-axial fatigue tests are performed to define the number of cycles to failure. These tests have been induced by the magnetic fields of 0, 0.27, and 0.4 T. The fatigue tests re-performed with the magnetic field of 0.3 T to compare the predicted results using the proposed fatigue models. The results show that the 3DSED model can be used for the prediction of MREs fatigue life when subjected to complex and repetitive loading. For all CIP contents, the Mooney-Rivlin fatigue predictor has more accurate results. The Yeoh fatigue predictor indicates better results for MREs with higher CIP contents, while the Neo-Hookean fatigue predictor doesn’t show acceptable results for any CIP contents.
Smaller but more frequent dosing of cefepime in the treatment of febrile neutropenia
Authors: Okubo Lindsay , Andrick Benjamin , Rampulla Ricky , Leri Frederick
Published: February 2022

Background

Generally national guidelines for febrile neutropenia recommend treatment with cefepime 2 g every 8 h. Due to beta-lactam’s time dependent killing effects, it is hypothesized smaller doses given more frequently might be non-inferior. The objective of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of cefepime 1 g every 6 h versus 2 g every 8 h in cancer patients with febrile neutropenia.

Methods

This retrospective, single-center, cohort study included patients with a diagnosis of febrile neutropenia treated with cefepime during an inpatient encounter. Patients were grouped based on receipt of cefepime 2 g every 8 h (high dose cohort) versus cefepime 1 g every 6 h (low dose cohort). The primary outcome compared the time to defervescence after cefepime initiation between the two dosing strategies. A subgroup analysis of the primary endpoint was conducted in patients who received both cefepime and vancomycin.

Results

Ninety-seven patients were included in the high dose cohort, and seventy-six patients were included in the low dose cohort. Baseline characteristics were similar between cohorts with the exception of race. The time to defervescence between the high dose cohort and low dose cohort were comparable between groups (49.2 vs. 46.7 h). The time to defervescence in subgroup analysis of patients who received empiric vancomycin and cefepime was 65.7 versus 59.7.

Conclusion

Patients who received cefepime 1 g every 6 h were found to have similar trends in achieving time to defervescence compared to 2 g every 8 h.
Improved home management of oral pediatric anticancer drugs as a result of an intervention comprising practical training, written instructions and movie clips: A pilot study
Authors: Akkawi El Edelbi Ranaa , Eksborg Staffan , Ekman Jennie , Lindemalm Synnöve
Published: February 2022

Background

Long term treatment of pediatric patients with oral anticancer drugs (OADs) requires the parents/caregivers to prepare the drug at home. The handling procedures in the home setting are, however, not regulated by Swedish law and the parents are often left without guidance on how to handle OADs in a safe way.

Aim

The aim of this study was to increase understanding of how OADs are handled by parents/caregivers in the home setting before and after an intervention.

Methods

Parents of pediatric cancer patients were observed and videotaped during their handling of OADs in the home setting before and after the intervention. During the intervention, the parents were provided with written instructions, movie clips and practical training on handling the OADs. Four checklists were used to compare and score the four handling procedures (measuring an oral suspension, cutting tablets, dissolving tablets, and opening capsules) for each parent before and after the intervention.

Results

The intervention significantly improved the OAD handling procedures among the studied parents. The median score for correct handling was 19% (IQR: 3.6 to 30%) before the intervention and 89.5% (IQR: 71.5 to 94.5%) after the intervention (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

An intervention comprising practical training and information presented in different forms improved the handling of OADs at home by parents. There is an urgent need to implement this method in all oncology centers in Sweden, educate HCPs to standardize the presentation of information. There is also a great need to provide parents with age-appropriate oral drug formulations from the local hospital pharmacies in Sweden.
Visual outcomes of photorefractive keratectomy in non-children with anisometropic amblyopia: One-year Follow-up Outcomes
Authors: Etezad-Razavi Mohammad , Tafaghodi-Yousefi Bahar , Eslampour Alireza , Kiarudi Mohammad Yaser , Najjaran Marzieh , Momeni-Moghaddam Hamed , Alio Jorge L.
Published: February 2022

Objective

To evaluate the safety, efficiency, short term stability, and sensory results of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in anisometropic in non-compliant children with correction.

Methods

Twelve eyes of 12 children with an age range: 6–17 years and anisometropic amblyopia who underwent PRK under general anesthesia to correct the dioptric difference between the eyes were included in this study. A complete ophthalmic assessment including refractive status, uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA & CDVA), and binocular vision status using the Worth 4-dot test and stereopsis were performed before and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after PRK.

Results

The mean preoperative CDVA was 0.34 ± 0.24 LogMAR which showed a statistically significant improvement at 12 months (0.20 ± 0.19, p = 0.024) after surgery compared to the preoperative assessment. (p = 0.003) The mean preoperative UDVA was 0.63 ± 0.24 LogMAR that increased to 0.44 ± 0.24, 0.32 ± 0.16, 0.25 ± 0.19, and 0.25 ± 0.19 LogMAR at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after PRK, respectively. One to three lines improvement in UDVA and CDVA was seen in 10 (83.4%) and 8 eyes (66.7%); while one line UDVA and CDVA loss was seen in one (8.3%) and one (8.3%) eye and unchanged UDVA and CDVA was seen in 1 (8.3%) and 3 eyes (25%), respectively. The mean preoperative stereoacuity was 341.9 ± 245.7 s of arc, which significantly improved to 166.6 ± 87.5 s of arc 12 months after PRK. (p = 0.012)

Conclusion

PRK was an effective surgical alternative to improve visual acuity and stereopsis in anisometropic children who did not cooperate with conventional methods of amblyopia therapy.
A netnography approach on the daily local-guided shopping tour experiences of travellers: An unexplored facet of the sharing economy
Authors: Atsız Ozan , Seyitoğlu Faruk
Published: February 2022

This research explores the travellers’ experience of daily local-guided shopping tours offered in a sharing economy platform-Withlocals using a netnography approach. Reviews of travellers participating in daily local-guided shopping tours in different destinations were gathered, and their content was analysed. As a result, seven main components of experiences of daily-local guided shopping tours revealed: guide, shopping companion, learning, hedonic experience, memorable experience, local interaction, and shop characteristics. The study substantially contributes to the shopping experience and sharing economy literature by providing a deep understanding of travellers’ shopping experiences in the local guided tours organised through sharing economy platforms.
Effect of maternal parenting style on child behaviour and its management strategies in dental office: A pilot study
Authors: Joshi Sakshi , Garg Shalini , Dhindsa Abhishek
Published: February 2022

Aim

To evaluate the effect of maternal parenting style on child behaviour and consequent management strategies in dental office.

Materials and Methods

Eighty child–mother pairs were included in the study. Before the start of the treatment, Maternal parenting style was evaluated utilising Primary Caregivers Practices Report, while child behaviour along with his/her perception towards dental treatment were observed using Frankl Behaviour Rating Scale and Sound Eye Motor scale, respectively. Also the behaviour management strategy utilised for the child was noted and its correlation to both parenting style and child behaviour was evaluated.

Results

A statistically significant correlation ( p-value = 0.00) was observed between the maternal parenting style and child behaviour displayed during dental treatment. Also, a positive correlation ( p-value = 0.00) was observed between behaviour displayed by the children and behaviour management strategy used in the dental operatory.

Conclusion

The clinicians can predict the type of behaviour the child might display and the behaviour management strategy to be utilised for a specific child based on the maternal parenting style.
Conceptual unclarity about COVID-19 ethnic disparities in Sweden: Implications for public health policy
Authors: Bredström Anna , Mulinari Shai
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has shed light on abundant racial and ethnic health disparities in many countries around the world. In Sweden, statistics on COVID-19 mortality and morbidity from both the first and the second wave of the pandemic show that foreign-born individuals have been disproportionately affected, compared to Swedish-born individuals. However, as demonstrated in this article, key stakeholders including politicians, public authorities, mainstream media, and medical researchers do not draw on the same explanatory framework when conceptualizing the health disparity. Probing the different discourses that were articulated through oral and written accounts during the first wave, the article identifies three different frameworks of how ethnic health disparities in relation to COVID-19 were understood in Sweden: the socioeconomic framework, the culturalist framework and the biological framework. We discuss the importance of our findings for health policy and argue for continued interrogation of epidemiological knowledge production from a critical vantage point in order to successfully combat health inequalities.
The effectiveness of standardized investigative tactics in clearing non-fatal shooting investigations
Authors: Phillips Scott W , Drake Greg M , Altheimer Irshad
Published: February 2022

Much research explores the correlates of clearing fatal shooting incidents. It is suggested that common investigative resources and tactics, such as the number of detectives and witness interviews, may be associated with clearing both fatal and non-fatal shooting cases. This study examines the effect of a standardized list of investigative tools in the clearing of non-fatal shooting incidents. For this study, detectives from the Buffalo Police Department's Gun Violence Unit completed an “Investigative Checklist” for non-fatal shootings that occurred between November 2019 and December 2020 ( N = 234 usable cases). Bivariate correlation analysis shows a strong association between uncooperative victims and a detective conducting multiple canvases as part of the investigation. Logistic regression shows that examining a suspect's social media information, and detectives accessing patrol car reports, contributed to successfully clearing a non-fatal shooting case. An uncooperative victim was negatively associated with clearing a case. Police practitioners should be aware, based on the findings of this and other research, that a small number of investigative techniques contribute to non-fatal shooting case clearance rates. It may be necessary for police agencies to construct detective units, and focus on a narrow set of investigative tactics, in a way that improved clearance rates in non-fatal shootings.
Consideration of the manufacturing history of sheet metal components for the adaptation of a clinching process
Authors: Heyser P , Wiesenmayer S , Frey P , Nehls T , Scharr C , Flügge W , Merklein M , Meschut G
Published: February 2022

The process chain for the manufacturing of sheet metal components in mass production includes various cutting and forming operations, which influence the resulting properties of the parts and therefore subsequent manufacturing steps, such as clamping and joining. It is shown that clamping of the components leads to superimposed residual stresses and geometry changes. Therefore, the part properties differ from the initial state of the semifinished products, which has to be considered in the design of clinched joints. This paper presents an approach for coupled determination of the properties of semifinished and finished parts during deep drawing and clamping as well as their effects on the joint quality during clinching. One method for the effective and efficient determination of the properties of semifinished products and components during production is using process data from the preceding manufacturing processes, which is concretely presented in this work. In addition to the interconnection of the entire production chain, it is necessary to define relevant process data for each individual manufacturing step and to correlate the data with the material properties reliably. Therefore, the cross-process interactions of different steps of the process chain for the manufacturing of sheet metal components and the effect of process variations on subsequent manufacturing steps are investigated. Consequently, the boundary conditions for a mechanical joining process based on data from preceding process steps can be predicted.
Profiles and factors influencing spending of wine tourists in Mendoza
Authors: Santoni Leonardo Javier , Estrella Orrego Jimena , Gennari Alejandro , Puga German
Published: February 2022

Mendoza is the main province of Argentina in terms of both wine production and wine tourism. While more than one million wine tourists visit Mendoza every year, little is known about the characteristics of these tourists. The aims of this study are to describe the profiles of wine tourists in Mendoza and to analyse the variables influencing their spending. This is, to our knowledge, the first study addressing any of these aims in Argentina. We conducted 427 surveys to wine tourists in the main wine regions of Mendoza. The descriptive analysis of the survey results allows us to derive recommendations for both the private and the public sector. We also used this survey to perform a statistical analysis of the variables influencing spending in wine tourism, which allows us to recommend promotional strategies and marketing efforts that may have a higher return.
Internal cooling sensitivity analysis to improve the thermal performance of gas turbine blade using a developed robust conjugate heat transfer method
Authors: Darbandi Masoud , Jalali Ramin
Published: February 2022

The heat transfer simulations of turbine blades with internal cooling are faced with so many uncertainties, of which some originate from the secondary air system, including the inlet hot gas temperature and pressure and the cooling side boundary conditions, and the blade material. The main objective of this work is to carry out a suitable sensitivity analysis on a specific novel turbine vane to improve the thermal performance of its internal cooling system and to quantify how the uncertainties on the designed/calculated values can desirably/undesirably affect the maximum blade surface temperature, which can consequently affect the gas turbine engine efficiency. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis is carried out to find the effects of uncertainties of a number of key parameters on the resulting blade temperature distribution. To arrive at trustworthy conclusions, the conjugate heat transfer (CHT) method is used to analyze the heat and fluid flow behavior. This work suitably develops a CHT-based method/solver to perform the proposed study. This method/solver uses a segregated iterative procedure, in which the outer hot gas region is simulated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver, the flow passing through the connected internal cooling passages is calculated using a 1D correlated-based solver, and the vane conduction is predicted using a 3D finite-element solver, which are fully coupled. The results show that the cooling channel wall temperature has a direct impact on the convective coefficient magnitude; especially in lower temperature regions. As a novel contribution, this work takes into account the cooling wall temperature influence on the 1D code calculations. To implement this, an artificial neural network is suitably trained to predict better convective coefficient. The results of this developed CFD-CHT code are validated against experimental data available for a benchmark vane. Eventually, the sensitivity analysis is carried on the present specific novel turbine vane.
A study on positive organizational scholarship and social worker self-care in Guangdong region, China
Authors: Mo Yuen-Han
Published: February 2022

There is limited research into positive organizational scholarship in social work in China. This study aimed to address this research gap by investigating what social workers perceive as positive management practices that facilitate work performance, strengthen work motivation or increase job satisfaction, and discover the relationship between self-care and organizational support. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 participants in various agencies in southern China that resulted in the development of a two-dimensional model with seven conditions of positive organizational measures in social work. Suggestions are made for social work managers to create an effective organizational management system.
Scenes From a Collective Biography of Cold War Childhoods: A Decolonial Ethnodrama
Authors: ZIN Mnemo , Gannon Susanne
Published: February 2022

This article is written as and ethnodrama. Approaching memory work as decolonial practice, we aimed to multiply stories of Cold War childhoods while simultaneously making the politics of collective biography processes explicit. The script is based on nonfictional reality and is expanded by both researched and speculative elements to compose an evocative text and the characters of the drama. Ethnodrama offers a sense of how it was to “be there,” attending to unspoken and embodied knowledges, questioning habits and assumptions, and making visible the hierarchies and power, and the intricacies and coloniality of knowledge production that emerge in research practices.
Overpromising Technocracy’s Potential: The American-Yugoslav Project, Urban Planning, and Cold War Cultural Diplomacy
Authors: Neumann Tracy
Published: February 2022

From the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, the Ford Foundation funded an urban planning exchange between American academics and Yugoslav urban planners as something of a test case in transferring American planning technology to the socialist world. The American-Yugoslav Project was one of several international urban development projects the Ford Foundation pursued at mid-century as part of its Cold War-era cultural diplomacy efforts. The largely unsuccessful technology transfer at the center of the American-Yugoslav Project was a contributing factor to the Foundation’s retreat from international urban development and provides a case study in how one-size-fits-all development models falter when challenged by real-world conditions.
Democratic education in the post-democratic turn: Disenchantment with democracy and the pedagogical potential of ugly and negative feelings
Authors: Zembylas Michalinos
Published: February 2022

In bringing together the literature on post-democracy and theoretical work on the politics of affective societies, this article explores how democratic education might benefit from a sustained examination of negative emotions and affects associated with democratic disenchantment. In particular, the analysis highlights what is gained by introducing a more pedagogically and politically robust approach toward ‘ugly’ and ‘negative’ feelings in the context of democratic education in schools, namely, a pedagogical approach that recognizes the gloomy ramifications of post-democracy in the daily life of teachers and young people and inspires transformative action that contributes toward practical ‘democratic innovations’ in the sphere of civil society. This article contributes toward ongoing efforts for the renewal of democratic education in schools by urging teachers and researchers to rethink pedagogically how to navigate productively the ugly and negative feelings of democratic disenchantment.
The long-term clinical impact of COPD exacerbations: a 3-year observational study (SHERLOCK)
Authors: Haughney John , Lee Amanda J. , Nath Mintu , Müllerová Hana , Holmgren Ulf , Nigris Enrico de , Ding Bo
Published: February 2022

Background and Aims:

Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) drive disease progression and can lead to an accelerated decline in lung function and a burden on healthcare systems. The retrospective, observational cohort Study on HEalthcare Resource utiLization related to exacerbatiOns in patients with COPD (SHERLOCK; D5980R00014) evaluated the associations between exacerbation history and rates of subsequent COPD exacerbations in primary care patients from the National Health Service in Greater Glasgow and Clyde, United Kingdom.

Methods:

Patients were stratified into four groups according to exacerbation history in the year before the index date: Group A (no exacerbations), Group B (1 moderate exacerbation only), Group C (1 severe exacerbation only), and Group D (⩾2 moderate or severe exacerbations). The frequencies of moderate and/or severe exacerbations were recorded over 36 months of follow-up and compared with reference Group A, using generalized linear models.

Results:

Over 36 months of follow-up, the adjusted rate ratios (RRs, 95% confidence interval) of moderate or severe exacerbations relative to Group A were 1.60 (1.53, 1.67), 1.75 (1.50, 2.04), 1.61 (1.54, 1.68), and 3.61 (3.48, 3.74) for Groups B, C, B + C, and D, respectively. Compared with Group A, patients in Group C exhibited an increased rate of moderate (RR, 1.58 (1.35, 1.85)) and severe exacerbations (RR, 3.13 (2.20, 4.46)).

Conclusion:

SHERLOCK highlights that even one moderate exacerbation increases the risk for subsequent exacerbations compared with having no recent prior exacerbations. Reviewing recent exacerbation history to ascertain future exacerbation risk and inform COPD management may reduce hospitalizations and improve patient outcomes.
Effectiveness of ustekinumab in patients with refractory Crohn’s disease: a multicentre real-life study in Italy
Authors: Scribano Maria Lia , Aratari Annalisa , Neri Benedetto , Bezzio Cristina , Balestrieri Paola , Baccolini Valentina , Falasco Giuliano , Camastra Caterina , Pantanella Paolo , Monterubbianesi Rita , Tullio Alessandro , Saibeni Simone , Papi Claudio , Biancone Livia , Cosintino Rocco , Faggiani Roberto
Published: February 2022

Background:

The effectiveness of ustekinumab in patients with refractory Crohn’s disease (CD) has been investigated in several real-world studies. However, very few data concerning the real-life experience in Italy have been reported. Therefore, this study assessed the effectiveness of ustekinumab in a large cohort of Italian patients with refractory CD.

Methods:

All patients who had started on ustekinumab after failure of or intolerance to antitumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) treatment at five tertiary centres between November 2018 and February 2020 were retrospectively enrolled. The coprimary outcome was corticosteroid-free clinical remission, defined as a Harvey–Bradshaw Index (HBI) score of ⩽4, at weeks 26 and 52. The secondary outcomes were changes in the HBI and C-reactive protein (CRP) values at weeks 8, 26, and 52 from baseline and the normalization of CRP in patients with initially abnormal values.

Results:

Totally, 140 patients who had previously received at least one anti-TNF-α agent were enrolled; 40.0% received two anti-TNF-α agents and 20.0% received vedolizumab. At baseline, 108 patients (77.1%) had HBI scores of >4; of these, 56.5% and 58.3% achieved corticosteroid-free clinical remission at weeks 26 and 52, respectively. Significant decreases in HBI and CRP values were observed at weeks 8, 26, and 52 in the entire study cohort (all p < 0.0001). The CRP values were normalized in 34.9%, 37.8%, and 49.3% of the patients by weeks 8, 26, and 52, respectively. The baseline HBI score of ⩾8 was a negative predictor of corticosteroid-free clinical remission at week 52 (odds ratio: 0.21, 95% confidence interval: 0.08–0.56, p = 0.002). The probability of remaining on ustekinumab after 52 weeks was 92.1%. Eleven (7.9%) patients discontinued ustekinumab (three for adverse events).

Conclusion:

Our study findings confirm the effectiveness and safety of ustekinumab in patients with CD after failure of or intolerance to anti-TNF-α therapy.