bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIOCATALYTIC PRETREATMENT OF LIGNIN-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS
Authors: Шиманская Елена Игоревна , Гребенникова Ольга Валентиновна , Филатова Анастасия Евгеньевна
Published: March 2022

Биокаталитическая деструкция лигнина с применением пероксидазы хрена является экономически выгодным процессом, проходящим при комнатной температуре, при этом позволяющим разбить сложную структуру лигнина на составляющие, которые легче подвергаются процессу гидрогенолиза. Соответственно, процесс гидрогенолиза после биокаталитической предобработки потребует меньших временных и энергетических затрат. В статье приведены экспериментальные данные по предобработке лигнина биокаталитическим методом с целью облегчения проведения дальнейшего процесса гидрогенолиза.

Catalytic destruction of lignin using horseradish peroxidase is an economically advantageous process that takes place at room temperature, while allowing the complex structure of lignin to be broken down into components that are more easily subjected to the process of hydrogenolysis. Accordingly, the process of hydrogenolysis after biocatalytic pretreatment will require less time and energy costs. The article presents experimental data on the pretreatment of lignin by the biocatalytic method in order to facilitate the further hydrogenolysis process.
FORMATION OF BASIC COPPER ACETATE NANOPHASE AND ITS STABILIZATION IN AQUEOUS MICELLAR SURFACE SOLUTIONS
Authors: Агеева Лилия Сергеевна , Борщ Николай Алексеевич , Кувардин Николай Владимирович , Кузьменко Александр Павлович
Published: March 2022

При взаимодействии ацетата меди с гидрокарбонатом натрия в воде и водных мицеллярных растворах ПАВ наблюдается образование нанофазы основного ацетата меди. Методами светодинамического рассеяния, малоугловой рентгеновской дифракции и спектрофотометрии показано, что в этих случаях образуются наночастицы основного ацетата меди со сложной картиной распределения по размерам в интервале до 60 нм. Проведение реакции в водных мицеллярных растворах ПАВ приводит к седиментационной устойчивости нанофазы, зависящей от концентрации и природы ПАВ. Определена расчетная пороговая и экспериментальная начальная концентрация ацетата меди при взаимодействии с гидрокарбонатом натрия в воде и водных мицеллярных растворах ПАВ, при которых образуется нанофаза основного ацетата меди. Сформулированы условия получения наноразмерной устойчивой суспензии основного ацетата меди, которая может служить основой лечебной противоожоговой и ранозаживляющей композиции.

When copper acetate interacts with sodium bicarbonate in water and aqueous micellar solutions of surfactants, the formation of a nanophase of basic copper acetate is observed. It has been shown by the methods of dynamic light scattering, small-angle X-ray diffraction and spectrophotometry that in these cases nanoparticles of basic copper acetate are formed with a complex pattern of size distribution in the range of up to 60 nm. Carrying out the reaction in aqueous micellar surfactant solutions leads to sedimentation stability of the nanophase, which depends on the concentration and nature of the surfactant. The calculated threshold and experimental initial concentration of copper acetate in the interaction with sodium bicarbonate in water and aqueous micellar solutions of surfactants, at which the nanophase of basic copper acetate is formed. The conditions for obtaining a nanoscale stable suspension of basic copper acetate, which can serve as the basis for a therapeutic anti-burn and wound-healing composition, are formulated.
OXIDATIVE DEGRADATION OF TETRACYCLINE BY VARIOUS PEROXIDE SYSTEMS
Authors: Устинова Мария Николаевна , Филиппова Ксения Алексеевна
Published: March 2022

Изучена окислительная деструкция тетрациклина рядом пероксидных систем различного состава: пероксид водорода в присутствии ионов железа (II), пероксид водорода в присутствии ионов железа (III), пероксид водорода в присутствии одновременно ионов железа (II) и (III), пероксид водорода в присутствии комплекса ЭДТА - Fe и пероксид водорода в присутствии комплекса ЭДТА - Fe. Определены оптимальные условия процесса, подобраны эффективные соотношения реагентов, рассчитаны степени деструкции и начальные скорости процессов. Показано, что совместное присутствие ионов железа (II) и ионов железа (III) в системе снижает расход пероксида водорода при окислении тетрациклина. Установлено, что замена гидратированных ионов железа на комплексы с ЭДТА незначительно влияет на эффективность окисления тетрациклина. Доказано, что в водных растворах действующее вещество тетрациклина может быть окислено при комнатной температуре и атмосферном давлении пероксидом водорода в присутствии ионов железа (II) и/или железа (III). Этот способ может быть рекомендован для деструкции и инактивации фармацевтических поллютантов тетрациклинового ряда.

The oxidative degradation of tetracycline was studied by the methods: hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iron (II) ions, hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iron (III) ions, hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iron (II) and (III) ions, hydrogen peroxide in the presence of the complex EDTA - Fe and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of the complex EDTA - Fe. The optimal conditions of the process are determined, the effective ratios of reagents are selected, the degrees of destruction and the initial speeds of the processes are calculated. It is shown that the combined presence of iron (II) ions and iron (III) ions in the system reduces the consumption of hydrogen peroxide during the oxidation of tetracycline. It was found that the replacement of hydrated iron ions with iron complexes with EDTA slightly affects the efficiency of tetracycline oxidation. It is proved that in aqueous solutions, the active substance of tetracycline can be oxidized at room temperature and atmospheric pressure with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iron (II) and/or iron (III) ions. This method can be recommended for the destruction and inactivation of pharmaceutical pollutants of the tetracycline series.
THE MOVEMENT FOR THE PRESERVATION OF PREMARITAL ABSTINENCE AMONG MEN IN PRE-REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA: THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PHENOMENON
Authors: Громова Анна Игоревна
Published: March 2022

В последней четверти XIX в. в просвещенных кругах Европы, США и Российской империи начинала зарождаться этическая концепция, согласно которой не только женщины, но и мужчины обязаны были сохранять «чистоту» до брака и вести целомудренный образ жизни; социальные истоки этой идеи можно найти в формировавшемся в этот период самосознании женщин и начинающем активно развиваться движении за равноправие, которое неизбежно ставило вопрос об отмене двойных стандартов и необходимости принятия обществом одинаковых для обоих полов моральных критериев. На волне обозначенного движения в Европе, США и в Российской империи начинали создаваться различные союзы, общества и братства, целью которых была пропаганда добрачного воздержания и целомудренного образа жизни - прежде всего среди мужчин, так как женщины априори должны были, согласно господствовавшим патриархальным представлениям, сохранять девственность до брака (мужчин же подобные ограничения не касались). Несмотря на то, что общество (как в России, так и за рубежом) в целом не было готово к принятию подобных идей (они возникали исключительно в среде интеллигенции и транслировались только самыми передовыми ее представителями), сам факт появления подобного рода объединений говорит о постепенно происходивших изменениях в сфере брачно-семейных отношений.

In the last quarter of the XIX century in the enlightened circles of Europe, the United States and the Russian Empire, an ethical concept began to emerge, according to which not only women, but also men were obliged to maintain «purity» before marriage and lead a chaste lifestyle; the social origins of this idea can be found in the self-consciousness of women that was forming during this period and the movement for equality that was beginning to actively develop, which inevitably raised the question of abolishing double standards and the need for society to accept the same moral criteria for both sexes. On the wave of this movement in Europe, the United States and the Russian Empire, various unions, societies and fraternities began to be created, the purpose of which was to promote premarital abstinence and a chaste lifestyle - primarily among men, since women a priori had to, according to the prevailing patriarchal ideas, preserve virginity before marriage. Despite the fact that society as a whole was not ready to accept such ideas, the very fact of the emergence of such associations speaks of a gradual the changes taking place in the field of marriage and family relations.
ANATOLY FEDOROVICH KONI ON THE FIGHT AGAINST PROSTITUTION IN RUSSIA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY
Authors: Рыбин Данил Вячеславович
Published: March 2022

В статье раскрывается важная, но неизвестная страница из жизни выдающегося российского юриста Анатолия Фёдоровича Кони. Распад традиционного общества привел во второй половине XIX - начале ХХ вв. к быстрому росту проституции и сопровождавших её венерических заболеваний и преступности. Разложение общества волновало Кони, он видел в этом признаки глубокого нравственного упадка, поразившего социум. Под влиянием врача Маргулиса А.Ф. Кони провёл исследование проблем проституции и выработал серию мер по искоренению «платной любви» и по ограничению международной торговли женским телом. К ним относились выдача преступников, упрощение процедуры выявления торговли телом, возбуждение дела без личной просьбы пострадавшей, строгий надзор за прибытием и отбытием несовершеннолетних пассажирок. Многие административно-правовые меры, предлагаемые А. Ф. Кони, актуальны и в наши дни. При участии сенатора государственная власть Российской империи предприняла в начале ХХ в. ряд мер по подавлению проституции.

The article reveals an important but unknown page in the life of the outstanding Russian lawyer Anatoly Fedorovich Koni. The collapse of the traditional society led to the rapid growth of prostitution and the accompanying ulcers (sexually transmitted diseases, criminality) in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. Acquaintance with doctors, personal professional experience of our lawyer formed in him a negative attitude towards this social phenomenon. The decay of society worried Koni extremely. He saw in this signs of a deep moral decline that struck our society. At the turn of the century, the European public was actively developing standards to combat body trafficking. The senator was actively involved in this process. Under the influence of the doctor Margulis, Anatoly Fedorovich conducted his research on the problems of prostitution and developed a series of measures to eradicate "paid love". These included both measures of a conservative and ethical nature and legal actions. A.F. Koni proposed a number of successful measures to restrict international trafficking in a woman's body, including active extradition of criminals, simplifying the procedure for detecting such trafficking, initiating proceedings without the victim's personal request, strict supervision over the arrival and departure of underage passengers, and much more. Many administrative and legal measures proposed by A.F. Koni are still relevant today. With the participation of the senator, the state authorities of the Russian Empire undertook a number of efforts at the beginning of the twentieth century to suppress prostitution.
GENDER RELATIONS IN THE COMMUNITY OF SOVIET ARTISTS (1917-1920S)
Authors: Филина Юлия Сергеевна
Published: March 2022

В статье анализируются гендерные отношения в сообществе художников в послереволюционный период, когда происходили коренные изменения во всех сферах жизни общества. На основе эгодокументов и статистических материалов рассматриваются возможность получения высшего художественного образования и его связь с профессиональным занятием искусством; семейные отношения; специфика мужского и женского художественного труда; отношения с новой властью, где контролирующим звеном со стороны большевиков часто выступали женщины; восприятие изменений образа советского человека. Делается вывод, что сообщество художников более очевидно демонстрировало изменения, вызванные демографическим переходом и трансформацией патриархальной семьи в России, нежели другие слои населения, однако обеспечены они были не законодательными и идеологическими нововведениями советской власти, а накопленным ещё в дореволюционный период комплексом идей и стратегий.

The article analyzes gender relations in the community of artists in the post-revolutionary period, when fundamental transformations took place in all spheres of society. On the basis of egodocuments and statistical materials the following are examined: the possibility to get higher art education and its connection with the professional activity in art; family relationships; peculiaritys of male and female artistic labour; relations with the new government; the perception of changes in the image of the Soviet person. The conclusion was drawn that the community of artists demonstrated the changes caused by the demographic transition and transformation of the patriarchal family in Russia more vividly and clearly than any other strata of the population. However, these changes were brought on not by legislative and ideological innovations of the Soviet regime, but by a set of ideas and strategies accumulated in the pre-revolutionary period.
CRITERIA FOR THE ALLOCATION OF SANCTUARIES IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH: HISTORIOGRAPHICAL ASPECT
Authors: Свирин Кирилл Михайлович
Published: March 2022

В статье рассмотрены подходы исследователей к проблеме поиска критериев для выделения языческих культовых памятников (святилищ). Подходы рассмотрены на примерах анализа археологических памятников разных периодов, как изолированных святилищ, так и расположенных на территории поселений или могильников. Выделяются четыре критерия культового статуса объектов, имеющих много вариантов конкретных проявлений: наличие очевидно культовых элементов; отсутствие признаков других археологических памятников и объектов; необычность традиционных признаков, характерных для поселений и могильников; очевидное сходство с объектами, достоверно определенными как культовые. Особенности топографии и ландшафта и этнографические аналогии также часто используются в качестве доказательств культового статуса памятников.

The article discusses the approaches of researchers to the problem of finding criteria for the identification of pagan religious monuments (sanctuaries). The approaches are considered on the examples of the analysis of archaeological monuments of different periods, both isolated sanctuaries and located on the territory of settlements or burial grounds. There are four criteria for the cult status of objects that have many variants of specific manifestations: the presence of obviously cult elements; the absence of signs of other archaeological sites and objects; the unusual nature of traditional signs characteristic of settlements and burial grounds; obvious similarity with objects reliably identified as cult. Features of topography and landscape and ethnographic analogies are also often used as evidence of the cult status of monuments.
[REW.]: THE PROTECTION AND POPULARIZATION OF THE CULTURAL HERITAGE: WORLD AND NATIVE EXPERIENCE: THE MATRIALS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE, VITEBSK, 22-23 OCTOBER 2021 / VITEBSK STATE UNIVERSITY; ED. BOARD: A. N. DULOV (RESP. ED.) [ETS.]. VITEBSK: VSU NAMED AFTER P. M. MASHEROV, 2021. 220 PP
Authors: Воробьёв Вячеслав Михайлович
Published: March 2022

Автор рецензирует сборник материалов международной научно-практической конференции «Охрана и популяризация культурного наследия: мировой и отечественный опыт» (Витебск, 22-23 октября 2021 г. Витебск: ВГУ имени П.М. Машерова, 2021. - 220 с.). В конференции приняли участие специалисты из Беларуси, России, Украины, Узбекистана и Китая, было представлено 44 доклада. Участники обсудили широкий круг проблем охраны культурного наследия Беларуси и зарубежья, популяризации отдельных видов культурного наследия в современном мире. Значительный интерес представляют опубликованные в сборнике теоретические доклады, а также материалы по регионоведению, музеологии, археологии, этнологии, личным фондам, исторической географии, пропаганде культурного наследия в системе образования. Автор рекомендует сделать конференцию по данной тематике в Витебске регулярной.

The author publishes his review upon the collection of the materials of the international scientific and practical conference The protection and popularization of the cultural heritage: world and native experience, Vitebsk, 22-23 October 2021. Vitebsk: VSU named after P. M. Masherov, 2021. 220 pp. The specialists from Belorussia, Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan and China took part in it, and 44 reports were presented. The participants of the conference discussed the broad circle of the problems, concerning the protection of the cultural heritage in Belorussia and foreign countries, the popularization of the concrete kinds of the cultural heritage in the contemporary world. There is thus considerable interest in the theoretical reports and the data upon regional history, museums, archaeology, ethnology, private funds, historic geography and the popularization of the cultural heritage in the system of education. The author recommends the conference on this problem in Vitebsk to be regular.
DEEP NEURAL NETWORK ALGORITHMS AND THEIR ROLE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: S Sarumathi , P Ranjetha , C Saraswathy , S Gayathri
Published: March 2022

DNNs (Deep Neural Networks) are widely employed in advanced applications including image and audio processing. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are two types of DNNs that have been popular for industrial applications in recent years. RNNs are well-suited to time variation problems due to their recursive structure. RNNs are ideally suited for temporal variation concerns due to their recursive structure, whereas CNNs are often employed in computer vision applications such as object recognition. Despite the fact that CNNs and RNNs are both DNNs, their implementation differs significantly. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) can be used to solve the sequence to sequence problem when both the input and output have sequential structures. There are always some unseen links between the structures. The traditional RNN technique, on the other hand, has trouble examining the links between the sequences appropriately. This survey introduces some attention-based RNN models, applications, types, and DNN algorithms that can focus on different features of the input for each output item in order to investigate and exploit the implicit links between the input and output items.
The Value and Development Modes of Vernacular Aesthetic Education of Urban Agricultural Landscape
Authors: Tang Hongya
Published: March 2022

Aesthetic education not only exists in the classroom, but also in the urban living environment. The development of this environmental aesthetic education function is often accompanied by the development and change of urban landscape. Urban agricultural landscape is an organic part of modern urban landscape. It is different from machines or buildings in general urban production and life. Its local aesthetic value should be fully recognized and excavated. This is mainly reflected in the beauty of traditional agricultural skills, agricultural landscapes, and agricultural activities. At the same time, according to the different ways of interaction between people and the environment (ways of receiving aesthetic education), the development mode of vernacular aesthetic education of urban agricultural landscape can be divided into three: viewing mode, short-time contact, and long-time immersion.
DEGRADACIÓN FOTOCATALÍTICA DE AZUL DE METILENO UTILIZANDO TiO2 IMPREGNADO EN PAREDES DE BOTELLAS DE VIDRIO Y DE POLIETILENO
Authors: Espinoza-Montero Patricio , Paspuel-Pupiales Lenin , Fernández Lenys , Guamán Wilber
Published: March 2022

En este trabajo se evaluó la degradación del colorante azul de metileno (AM) utilizando TiO2 suportado en botellas de vidrio y tereftalato de polietileno (PET) recicladas, como fotorreactores irradiados con luz solar, con y sin adición de peróxido de hidrogeno (H2O2). La degradación del AM (30 mg L-1) se siguió mediante espectroscopía UV-Vis, y su mineralización mediante demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) y carbono orgánico total (COT). Los resultados alcanzados muestran que sin adición de H2O2 y luego de 4 h se degradó un 98,0 % en las botellas de vidrio, mientras que, en las botellas de PET se requieren al menos 7 horas para degradar un 87,0 % del AM. Por el contrario, la adición de H2O2 (30 % v/v) favoreció el proceso de fotodegradación del colorante, alcanzando el 99,4 % y 99,1 % de degradación de AM en botellas de vidrio y PET, respectivamente, luego de 4 horas de exposición a la radiación solar. En ambos procesos, la cinética de degradación se adapta a un modelo cinético de pseudo primer orden. Con respecto a la mineralización, se alcanzó >50,0 % de remoción de COT en los fotorreactores de vidrio con y sin adición de H2O2, y una máxima remoción de DQO del 86,2 % con la adición de H2O2 en los fotorreactores de vidrio. Por lo tanto, la degradación fotocatalítica de AM es más efectiva con la adición de H2O2, sin embargo, debido a la formación de productos intermediarios altamente estables, no se alcanzó la mineralización completa en el tiempo de estudio.
CARACTERIZACIÓN ESPECTROSCÓPICA, MORFOLÓGICA Y POR MICROANÁLISIS DE LA BIOMASA DE LOS CLADODIOS DE OPUNTIA CARACASANA SALM- DYCK
Authors: Jimenéz Ramos Iliana , Bermúdez de Ramírez Maidys , Rojas de Gáscue Blanca , Prin José Luis , Rojas de Astudillo Luisa
Published: March 2022

En esta investigación se caracterizó espectroscópicamente, morfológicamente y por microanálisis la biomasa seca de los cladodios de la cactácea Opuntia caracasana y un material resultante después de su tratamiento con KOH (MVT). Los resultados del análisis por FTIR indicaron que la biomasa seca contiene grupos funcionales que señalan la presencia de lignina, celulosa, hemicelulosa y pectina en los cladodios de la cactácea. Además, en el material tratado con KOH se identificaron señales intensas correspondientes al éter glicosídico de la celulosa presente en la fibra. La morfología de la biomasa seca se determinó mediante Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido acoplado a un detector de Energía Dispersiva de Microanálisis de Rayos X, observándose la presencia de cristales aglomerados en la superficie del material vegetal y en el material MVT se determinó la presencia de cavidades y fibras. Por medio del microanálisis de la biomasa seca, el calcio fue detectado como elemento mayoritario y fue también detectado en el material MVT. Los resultados obtenidos permiten inferir que la biomasa seca y el material MVT de O. caracasana tienen potencialidades para el desarrollo de materiales sustentables que pueden ser usados en la industria alimenticia, farmacéutica y como adsorbentes de contaminantes en medios acuosos.
El futuro de la asesoría legal
Authors: Suárez Pablo , Tinajero José Andrés
Published: March 2022

Los servicios jurídicos en el mundo están cambiando obligados por una crisis en el sector que tiene claras raíces en las características de la era digital, que han sido acentuadas por la pandemia. Para los profesionales y firmas de la industria legal se trata de adaptarse o morir. El proceso de acoplamiento incluye el reconocimiento de algunos factores críticos que ayudarán a adecuar los servicios a las necesidades y particularidades del cliente de hoy. Hacer los procesos más sencillos y accesibles, además de oportunos y de menor costo optimizando la calidad es el norte. Para esto es necesario incorporar tecnologías de toda clase, desde las relativas a la comunicación como a las del procesamiento del trabajo jurídico. Los profesionales y las firmas deben modificar su enfoque, hacia una perspectiva más moderna. Por este motivo, necesitan no solo familiarizarse, sino promover el uso de legaltech y otras plataformas para masificar los servicios disminuyendo los costos y hacer la profesión más rentable en estos tiempos. También, es necesario diferenciar sus servicios particulares y empresariales, a través de la especialización en determinado ramo elevando la proporción de valor bajo esquemas asertivos de confianza entre el prestador de servicios y el cliente.
RUPTURA 2O21
Authors: Guerra Verónica
Published: March 2022

Volumen completo
La revocatoria de medidas cautelares en las coactivas: desproporcional e irracional
Authors: Villacís Farid
Published: March 2022

En el presente artículo se analizará las características esenciales de la coactiva, esta facultad de autotutela que mantiene la administración pública en el marco de su ejercicio de cobro de deudas que tengan las personas frente a esta. Es así que, podrá adoptar medidas preventivas para precautelar que los bienes o activos del deudor los enajene, done, destruya u otras acciones. La naturaleza de las medidas cautelares serán temporales y preventivas con el objetivo exclusivamente de garantizar al Estado recuperar lo adeudado.

 

Al tener características temporales y preventivas estas medidas cautelares contarán con la opción de pedir su revocatoria, sin embargo, hoy en día el Código Orgánico Administrativo, norma relativamente nueva en el ordenamiento jurídico ecuatoriano vuelve esta revocatoria una situación realmente compleja e incluso desproporcional, por ende, se genera una situación irracional que deja en indefensión a las personas, que podría incluso llegar a ser inconstitucional esta disposición. Por ende, este trabajo permite desarrollar con detenimiento la esencia de estas medidas preventivas y su correspondiente revocatoria en el marco de lo racional y proporcional para que no afecte a los derechos de las personas y al interés general de la administración pública.
Perancangan Penentuan Orientasi Lokasi Penempatan Strain Gage pada Elemen Elastik Dinamometer Spindel
Authors: Ruchiat Ai
Published: March 2022

Strain gage merupakan sebuah sensor / transducer tahanan yang dapat mengubah perubahan besaran mekanik (regangan) menjadi perubahan besaran listrik (tahanan). Untuk menditeksi regangan yang terjadi pada elemen elastik dari sebuah dynamometer, digunakan empat buah strain gage yang dirangkai menjadi bentuk jembatan Wheatstone. Regangan yang terjadi pada elemen elastik berasal dari gaya pemotongan dan momen puntir yang terjadi pada ujung pahat sewaktu pahat melakukan pemotongan, regangan ini akan mengakibatkan perubahan tahanan listrik dari strain gage, yang selanjutnya akan menimbulkan beda tegangan pada simpul yang berhadapan dari jembatan Wheatstone (tegangan masukan dan keluaran). Beda tengan ini yang akan menentukan besarnya gaya pemotongan dan momen puntir yang terjadi sewaktu pahat melalukan pemotongan. Diperlukan dua buah jembatan Wheatstone pada dynamometer spindle, yaitu sastu buah untuk mengukur besarnya momen puntir, dan satu buah lagi untuk mengukur besarnya gaya aksial yang terjadi pada ujung pahat freis.

Penentuan orientasi lokasi penempatan strain gage pada permukaan elemen elastik dynamometer perlu direncanakan dengan terlebih dahulu melakukan analisis tegangan dan regangan yang terjadi pada permukaan elemen elastik didasarkan pada gaya pemotongan dan momen puntir yang terjadi pada ujung pahat. Tegangan keluaran dari Jembatan Wheatstone masih terlalu kecil untuk diproses pada penunjuk data, oleh karena itu perlu diperkuat pada Amplifier. Keluaran dari amplifier bisa langsung menjadi masukan pada penunjuk data strip chart recorder, atau perlu diubah terlebih dahulu menjadi data digital pada ADC, bila penunjuk data yang digunakan berupa monitor computer.
Analisa Kerusakan pada Turbine Bucket yang Terbuat dari Material Nickel Base Alloy MAR-M-246
Authors: Juwita Leni , Siahaan Mabe , Tunggara Yayan Herdayana Sulung
Published: March 2022

Dari hasil pemeriksaan metalurgis terhadap turbine bucket nomor 120 dari stage 1 terlihat bahwa benda tersebut telah mengalami oksidasi dan hot corrosion, selain itu bucket tersebut telah mengalami deformasi / distorsi yang memperlihatkan indikasi adanya fenomena creep. Pemeriksaan dengan EDAX memperlihatkan bahwa material bucket adalah MAR-M-246, Cast Nickel Base Superalloys.

Pemeriksaan dengan EDAX menunjukkan bahwa bucket telah mengalami perbaikan dua kali dengan menggunakan coating masing-masing AlNi, ZrO dan adanya indikasi coating dengan menggunakan Platinium (PtAl2). Pemeriksaan metalografis memperlihatkan adanya Jasa sigma (CrCo) berbentuk plate / jarum, yang sangat getas dengan indikasi adanya peningkatan nilai kekerasan.

Telah terjadi kerusakan coating yang mengakibatkan teroksidasinya karbida / dan terjadi reaksi sulfida masing-masing pada batas butir yang menyebabkan timbulnya micro-crack. Hal ini tersebut menunjukkan bahwa turbine bucket telah terekspose panas dengan temperatur sekitar 570-1093oC. 

Akibat mekanisme kerusakan yang terjadi, maka turbine bucket tersebut memiliki kehandalan yang sangat rendah. Untuk mengembalikan pada kondisi semula perlu dilakukan reparasi dengan welding (rebuilding) yang dilanjutkan dengan proses heat treatment untuk menurunkan tegangan sisa hasil welding sekaligus mengembalikan sifat mekanik kepada kondisi semula sesuai disain.
Outbreak of invasive meningococcal disease caused by a meningococcus serogroup B in a nursery school, Wallonia, Belgium, 2018
Authors: Jacquinet Stéphanie , Mattheus Wesley , Quoilin Sophie , Wyndham-Thomas Chloé , Martin Charlotte , Van der Linden Dimitri , Mulder André , Frère Julie , Schirvel Carole
Published: March 2022

Although most invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) cases are sporadic without identified transmission links, outbreaks can occur. We report three cases caused by meningococcus B (MenB) at a Belgian nursery school over 9 months. The first two cases of IMD occurred in spring and summer 2018 in healthy children (aged 3–5 years) attending the same classroom. Chemoprophylaxis was given to close contacts of both cases following regional guidelines. The third case, a healthy child of similar age in the same class as a sibling of one case, developed disease in late 2018. Microbiological analyses revealed MenB with identical finetype clonal complex 269 for Case 1 and 3 (unavailable for Case 2). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed no antibiotic resistance. Following Case 3, after multidisciplinary discussion, chemoprophylaxis and 4CMenB (Bexsero) vaccination were offered to close contacts. In the 12-month follow-up of Case 3, no additional cases were reported by the school. IMD outbreaks are difficult to manage and generate public anxiety, particularly in the case of an ongoing cluster, despite contact tracing and management. This outbreak resulted in the addition of MenB vaccination to close contacts in Wallonian regional guidelines, highlighting the potential need and added value of vaccination in outbreak management.
Numerical study on heat transfer performance of geothermal piles in a Brazilian sandy soil
Authors: Almeida Caique Roberto de , Albuquerque Neto Cyro , Tsuha Cristina de Hollanda Cavalcanti , Boscov Maria Eugenia Gimenez
Published: March 2022

The worldwide consumption of electric energy destined for air conditioners, expected to triple by 2050, can be lessened by geothermal piles, which transfer heat from the internal environment of buildings to the subsoil. This paper shows the influence of pile geometry and properties of soil, pile, and pipe materials on the heat transfer of a geothermal pile to the surrounding soil, to support design from the viewpoint of thermal performance optimization. A numerical model was developed with ANSYS CFX 19.2, a high-performance Computational Fluid Dynamics tool, and calibrated using data from a thermal response test performed in a saturated sandy soil in São Paulo, Brazil. A parametric analysis was carried out varying pile length, diameter, and slenderness; soil and pile material conductivities; degree of saturation; fluid inlet temperature; fluid flow rate; and pipe thermal resistance. Results show that the fluid inlet temperature is the most influential parameter on the thermal performance of the pile. Heat transfer grows when geometrical parameters (diameter and length) are increased mainly due to an increase in heat exchange surface area, whereas the normalized heat transfer rate per unit of surface area of the pile is practically unaltered. Higher soil, pipe and pile thermal conductivities improve thermal performance. The degree of saturation increases the thermal conductivity of the soil; however, the effect is not remarkable on the system’s thermal performance for saturation degrees higher than 20%. The fluid flow must be turbulent but increases above a certain flow rate do not improve the thermal performance.
Thermal design of energy piles for a hotel building in subtropical climate: a case study in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Sá Letícia Menezes Santos , Hernandez Neto Alberto , Tsuha Cristina de Hollanda Cavalcanti , Pessin Juliana , Freitas Milena Cardoso de , Morais Thaise da Silva Oliveira
Published: March 2022

The use of shallow geothermal energy through energy piles for the air-conditioning of buildings is increasing worldwide. This type of renewable energy technology is still not utilized in Brazil, where the hot dominating weather regions and the air cooling demand predominate. In this case of unbalanced heat transfer to the ground, the efficiency of the system may decrease with time due to the excessive heat injection into the soil. In order to investigate the possibility of an efficient application of this technology in São Paulo city, a balanced use of the ground for a ground-source heat pump (GSHP) system utilizing energy piles is evaluated in the present paper. Energy foundations were designed to meet the balanced heating and cooling loads (air conditioning and water heating) of a hypothetical business hotel building located in a site at the campus of the University of São Paulo, where thermal response tests (TRTs) were conducted on different types of energy pile. The number of energy piles required to supply the building thermal loads were estimated using the pile heat exchanger modelling software PILESIM 2.1 and compared with an analytical model prediction. The evaluations were done for three different types of pile tested at the site chosen for this study: micropiles, steel pipe, and continuous flight auger (CFA) piles. The results indicate that the ground heat extraction should be considered for the use of GSHP systems with energy piles in air cooling-dominated scenarios similar to the case studied here.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Polimer dan Tinggi GAP Terhadap Membran Serat Berongga Bertekanan Tinggi Untuk Pemisahan GAS CO, DAN CH
Authors: Adiwar Adiwar , Away Yuflinawati , Hakim Arif Rahman , Priyadi Priyadi
Published: March 2022

Telah dilakukan pembuatan membran serat berongga dengan bahan dasar polimer berupa campuran selulosa asetat dan polietilena glikol. Dikarenakan tidak dapat dibuat nozzle dengan diameter kurang dari 0.2 mm, peningkatan ketahanan tekan dilakukan dengan memvariasikan formamida, spinneret, konsentrasi dan berat molekul polietilen glikol (PEG) dalam larutan polimer. Komposisi formamida 6%, PEG 10% dengan berat molekul 4000 berhasil meningkatkan ketahanan tekan membran serat berongga sampai 400 psi yang dicetak menggunakan spinneret modifikasi iii. Keberadaan formamida yang lebih besar dalam larutan polimer relatif tidak berpengaruh terhadap selektivitas. Diperoleh beberapa komposisi dengan selektivitas yang baik dimana CH, tidak lewat dan CO, lewat dengan permeabilitas sekitar 107 cm (STP).cm.cm2.cmHg'
Pembuatan Kopolimer Lateks Karet Alam dengan Metil Metakrilat sebagai Aditif Penurun Titik Tuang Minyak Mentah
Authors: Roza Adriany Roza
Published: March 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian pembuatan kopolimer lateks karet alam dengan metil metakrilat yang digunakan sebagai penurun titik tuang minyak mentah. Metodologi penelitian adalah mereaksikan senyawa polimer Isoprena yang terkandung pada Lateks Karet Alam dengan Metil Metakrilat hingga membentuk kopolimer. Kopolimer ditambahkan ke dalam minyak mentah pada variasi konsentrasi 1000 ppm, 5000 ppm dan 10.000 ppm, kemudian dilakukan pengujian titik tuang dan viskositas kinematik dari minyak mentah sebelum dan sesudah ditambah kopolimer. Penambahan kopolimer pada minyak mentah mampu menurunkan titik tuang dari 24°C menjadi 6°C dan menurunkan viskositas kinematik dari 20,22 mm/s menjadi 7,00 mm/s, pada konsentrasi penambahan kopolimer 10.000 ppm
Geochemical Properties of Heavy Oil in Central Sumatra Basin
Authors: Yensusnimar Desi
Published: March 2022

Heavyoilcommonly occurs due to biodegradation, whichmade the lighter fractiondisappears and then leaves the heavier fraction. Heavy oil is characterized by asphaltic, solid, and viscous because it contains asphalthene. Chemically, heavy oils contain fewer hydrogen atoms than light oils. Bulk properties ofheavy oil in addition to having a specific gravity of less than 25° API gravity, high viscosity, and often contain (concentration) of heavy metals (vanadium, nickel) which is higher than light oil (normal oil). Geochemical analysis based on the gas chromatography (GC) chromatogram of heavy oil in the Central Sumatra Basin shows a different pattern. The chromatogram pattern eliminates the light molecular fractions of the compounds in biodegraded oil and tar sand/bitumen. According to their geochemical properties, there are 4 (four) types of heavy oil in the Central Sumatra Basin namely: Type l come from shallow reservoir, water wash, and full biodegradation/all alkane depleted); Type 2 come from shallow reservoir, meteoric water, and light biodegradation, only low molecular weight alkane depleted); Type 3 come from deep reservoir, vertical gravity segregation, decreased weight fraction, can be caused by oil conditions in thick reservoirs, covered by impermeable lithology and usually located on the edge of the field (flank). Type 4 which contains medium-heavy oil (27°API) and is difficult to produce.
Feasibility Study and Technical Optimization by Implementing Steam Flooding for the Field Development Plan of A Heavy-Oil Field in Yemen
Authors: Salem Al-Attas Mohammed Sheikh , Yasutra Amega
Published: March 2022

Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) applications are highly recommended and required in Yemen to maintain stable levels of oil production. The field selected for this research is located in Yemen, where relatively- thin sandstone reservoirs are dominant at moderate depths. The reservoir is highly undersaturated with an API gravity of 14.2 and a very low solution gas-oil ratio (GOR), initial oil viscosity (uo) of 420 cP. The reservoir is naturally producing with the support of a strong water drive at the bottom, however, the increase in water cut poses a disadvantage for this reservoir. Over time, the oil production will decline and development plans will be required to improve the oil recovery. This research aims to optimize oil recovery factor and the interest in the overall project economy by evaluating the optimization of the steam flood process based on the Stochastic analysis with the highest recovery factor (RF) and the highest net present value (NPV) objective functions. Two optimization techniques have been used to perform the data analysis, deterministic and stochastic approaches. The deterministic approach is carried out by direct analysis on the results of the technical optimization method using the CMG reservoir simulator, while the stochastic approach uses the simulation results from the deterministic approach to determine the most influencing parameter in the steam flood process as well as to optimize the infill and injection wells location, number of steam injection wells and the steam injection rate with the highest oil RF and highest NPV. In this field development using deterministic approach, two producer wells are converted into injector wells. The RF for this initial scenario is 52,34%, and the NPV is 33.10 MM$/STB. For the second scenario using Stochastic approach, CMOST optimization using the maximum RF objective function resulted in RF of 61.33%, and NPV of 43.00 MMS/STB. Finally for the third scenario using CMOST optimization with the maximum NPV objective function resulted in RF of 57.29%, and an NPV of 53.86 MMS/STB. The Stochastic approach with maximum NPV objective function provides the most favorable scenario to be used in the development of Field "AR". And the optimization using the stochastic approach also produces faster, optimum, and more accurate results than the deterministic approach since it forecast a variety of probable results by running thousands of reservoir simulations using many various estimations of economic conditions.
Tubing Strength Evaluation and Failure Assessment for Reactivation of Well PDD-2 as Steam Injector Well
Authors: Chandra Steven , Daton Wijoyo Niti , Setiawan Mohammad Hafidz
Published: March 2022

Many old oil wells still exist in Indonesia, some of those wells has been shut in due to several reasons, two of those reasons are: the oil production that declines significantly and weak well integrity so that the well cannot withstand obstructions that occur during production. To maintain and boost Indonesia's oil production, Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods can be applied in mature fields. One of EOR methods that has the most extensive application is steam flooding, in which the fluid is injected continuously to drive the oil from injector to producer. This EOR method is a successful method to increase heavy-oil production.The application of steam flooding, most notably in older wells presents itself with possible well integrity problem. Steam flooding well has a very high risk of casing and tubing failure that caused by the loads from burst, collapse, tension, and thermal effect due to the high temperature steam that can decrease the rating of casing or tubing. Hence, this study focuses on evaluating tubing's strength on the existing well whether the tubing is applicable for steam flooding or must be replaced. In this study, a tubing strength evaluation of well PDD-2 for steam flooding method will be discussed. Tubing strength evaluation consists of two stage. The first stage is evaluation due to burst, collapse, and tension loads and the other stage is evaluation due to thermal effects of injected steam. Well PDD-2 has K-55 tubing with 3.5 inch OD, burst rating of 7,947.5 psi, collapse rating of 7,052.9 psi, and tension rating of 160,262 Ibf. Based on the evaluation result, this existing K-55 tubing still be able to withstand the loads from burst, collapse, tension, and thermal effects. Hence, the reactivation of Well PDD-2 as steam injector well can be done without replacing or upgrading the tubing.
Investigating the Determinants of Shariah-Compliant Firms Profitability in Indonesia: Does COVID-19 Play an Essential Role?
Authors: Mohammad Bintang Pamuncak  , Arland Pratama Wijaya
Published: March 2022

This study aims to seek the determinants of sharia-compliant firm profitability in Indonesian JII listed companies. This study employed Data Panel regression analysis using the 12 most consistent companies who listed in the JII during the period of Q1 2015 to Q4 2020 where in total, there are 282 number of observation. The study found that both firm-internal and firm-external variabels are significant in determining firm profitability on at least one model of data panel regression. COVID-19 and GDP used to measure the impact of firm-external variables, while working capital, debt to equity ratio, and quick ratio used to determine firm-internal variable. Further studies are required to observe the longer period of COVID-19 impact on sharia-compliant firm profitability.
Bagaimana Generasi Milenial Membeli Makanan Halal? Peran Religious Belief, Subjective Norm, dan Halal Awareness
Authors: Nurhidayana Annisa , Juniarti Rosa Prafitri
Published: March 2022

Halal is a recommendation for Muslim consumers. If the Muslim population increases, the awareness to consume halal food also increases. This research aims to analyze and discuss the influence of religious belief, subjective norm, and halal awareness with purchase intention halal food. The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling with a judgemental sampling method. The sampling used is 250, which has two criteria: Muslim and age 20-40 years. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with the SPSS program. This study shows the relationship between religious belief and purchase intention, subjective norm and purchase intention, halal awareness, and purchase intention are significant. This research contributes to the halal food literature study, which also received special attention from young people. Even though young people tend to like to try new things, they still consider the halal products they consume. This finding also has important implications for marketers in Muslim countries.
STRATEGI MANAGEMEN SDM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA GURU
Authors: Sulistiadi Andi
Published: March 2022

Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan beberapa variable SDM yang mempengaruhi kinerja Guru di era digital learning ini. Di Era digital learning ini diyakini bahwa peran guru sebagai saluran pendidik anak bahkan waktu tatap muka tergantikan oleh alat digital tersebut. Berdasarkan fenomena ini, kinerja guru diasumsikan menurun. Penlitian ini dilakukan di Pelita Harapan BangsaTegal. Populasi penelitian sebanyak 57 orang guru dan teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mennyebarkan kuisioner dan data dianalisa dengan alat penelitian Smart PLS versi 3.0. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa variabel SDM yang terdiri dari disiplin Kerja, Komitmen Organisasi dan Lingkungan Kerja secara positif berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja guru. Strategi SDM  berpengaruh  positif seperti: pendisiplinan terhadap seluruh jajaran, komitmen organisasi yang dinyatakan dan digenapi, serta limgkungan kerja yang dirancang senyaman mungkin bagi guru dapat meningkatkan Kinerja Guru. Kata kunci : Disiplin Kerja, Komitmen Organisasi, Lingkungan Kerja, Kinerja Guru
Peran Fintech dalam Meningkatkan Keuangan Inklusif UMKM
Authors: Liliana Liliana , Hidayat Ariodillah , Atiyatna Dirta Pratama , Kahpi Muhammad , Saleh Syirod
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui peranan financial technology dalam meningkatkan keuangan inklusif Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah di Sumatera Selatan. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu regresi linier sederhana. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari wawancara kepada pelaku Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah. Alat analisis data menggunakan IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa variabel financial technologi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat keuangan inklusif Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah di Sumatera Selatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah di Sumatera Selatan dengan sampel penelitian yaitu Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah di Kota Palembang.Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi dan saran kepada pemerintah tentang kondisi tingkat keuangan inklusi Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah di Sumatera Selatan, sehingga dapat menjadi referensi bagi pemerintah dalam mengambil kebijkan untuk terus meningkatnya keuangan inklusi pada Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah.