bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional Carpathian cheeses
Authors: Slyvka I. M. , Tsisaryk O. Y. , Dronyk G. V. , Musiy L. Y.
Published: April 2018

Traditional national fermented products and cheeses are a source for the search for species and strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which are not within the range of bacterial agents used in the dairy industry. Classical and modern genetic-molecular methods are used to identify LAB isolated from such products. The purpose of our work was isolation and identification of LAB from traditional Carpathian cheeses made from ewe's milk and the study of their technological properties. Three samples of cheese were selected for our research – one sample of brine cheese bryndza and one sample of budz (bryndza before salting), produced in the highlands of the Carpathians and one sample of buts, produced in the foothills zone. 106 cultures were isolated from the samples of cheese. Genus and species identification was completed using classical microbiological and molecular genetics methods. Based on the complex of tinctorial, cultural, physiological and biochemical indices, the LAB isolated were assigned to the following genera and species: Lactococcus spp. (26 cultures), including L. lactis (13 cultures) and L. garvieae (13 cultures); Lactobacillus spp. – L. plantarum (31 cultures); Enterococcus spp. – E. faecium (25 cultures); Leuconostoc spp. – L. mesenteroides (24 cultures). These results were confirmed by molecular genetics methods. The largest range of species was found in a sample of bryndza from the Carpathian highlands. The isolated cultures were studied according to technological properties – milk-coagulation activity, acid-forming ability and resistance to different concentrations of kitchen salt. Most strains of L. lactis ssp. lactis, L. plantarum and L. mesenteroides were active acid-forming agents and coagulated milk in 3–9 hours, while L. garvieae and E. faecium coagulated milk after more than 24 hours. More than 80% of cultures showed resistance to 4% of kitchen salt solution, E. faecium was observed to have the highest salt tolerance. The results of RAPD typing showed significant intra-species heterogeneity, which indicates the need for further research on identification of individual strains. In all samples of cheese, L. lactis, L. garvieae, E. faecium were detected, which shows that they are typical representatives within the traditional Carpathian bryndza. Particular attention was paid to E. faecium, as many researchers have indicated probiotic properties of individual strains, as well as the ability to synthesize volatile substances that enrich the flavor bouquet of cheeses. Today strains of E. faecium are involved in the bacterial composition of starter cultures for cheeses.
Strains of soil microorganisms promising for the creation of a complex plant protection product against mycoses and harmful insects
Authors: Drehval O. A. , Dreus A. A. , Cherevach N. V. , Sklyar T. V.
Published: April 2018

We evaluated the antagonistic activity of 23 strains of Bacillus spр. against phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum, F. culmorum, F. moniliforme, Cladosporium herbarum, Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus niger. The antagonistic activity was tested by agar diffusion (the method of blocks). For determining the influence of bacteria on barley plants , ardent seeds were treated by cultural liquid (dilution 1 : 10) for 2 hours and germinated in Petri dishes on moist filter paper. The fungistatic effect of Bacillus sрp. separately and in combination with entomopathogens (in equal ratio) was determined by the level of inhibition of the fungi Fusarium spp. on a solid nutrient medium with 5% of the culture liquid. Insecticidal activity of microorganisms was determined in the model experiments by the percentage of death of the caterpillar Archips podana Scop. Strains of Bacillus sp. KMB-3 and Bacillus sp. KMB-6 inhibited the growth of all test cultures (zones of growth inhibition 11.4–30.6 and 11.5–29.4 mm, respectively). We established the absence of antagonism between selected strains and entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis IMB-7186, fungi Beauveria bassiana IMB-F-100043. We found that treatment of barley seeds with culture liquids of Bacillus sp. KMB-3 and Bacillus sp. KMB-6 didn’t have a negative effect on the morphometric indices and dry weight of seedlings. We established that the highest percentage of growth inhibition of F. culmorum IMB-F-50716 was provided by a complex of Bacillus sp. KMB-3, B. bassiana IMB-F-100043 and B. thuringiensis IMB-7186, whose action was at the same level as the action of monoculture Bacillus sp. KMB-3 (85.4% and 84.7%, respectively). The highest percentage inhibition of growth of F. oxysporum ІМВ-F-54201 was provided by a complex of strains of Bacillus sp. KMB-3 and B. bassiana IMB-F-100043, whose effect was slightly inferior to that of the monoculture Bacillus sp. KMB-3 (68.4% and 75.1%, respectively). The insecticidal activity of complexes Bacillus sp. KMB-3, B. bassiana IMB-F-100043, B. thuringiensis IMB-7186 or Bacillus sp. KMB-6, B. bassiana IMB-F-100043, B. thuringiensis IMB-7186 insignificantly differed from that of the complex entomopathogens B. bassiana IMB-F-100043 and B. thuringiensis IMB-7186 (71.1%, 73.3% death versus 80.0%). The selected microbial complexes can be considered as promising for the development of a preparation for the protection of plants against fungal diseases and harmful insects.
The kinetic properties of arginase in sperm cells of inferile men
Authors: Fafula R. V. , Iefremova U. P. , Onufrovych O. K. , Maksymyuk H. V. , Vorobets D. Z. , Vorobets Z. D.
Published: April 2018

Nowadays the role of NO in the development of male infertility is actively studied. Arginase (EC 3.5.3.1) is a manganese metalloenzyme which converts L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea and reciprocally regulates NO production. Although arginase activity has usually been detected in the reproductive tract, including spermatozoa, no data relating to the kinetic properties of the enzyme in ejaculated spermatozoa has been reported. This study was designed to study the kinetic parameters of arginase of spermatozoa of infertile men. Spermatozoa arginase activity was measured by determining levels of urea production. Kinetic analysis of the enzyme reaction was performed in a standard incubation system with modified physical and chemical characteristics or the respective components (the substrate concentration, Mn2+ concentration, incubation time and protein content). Pathobiochemical and kinetic properties of sperm arginase obtained from human normozoo- and pathospermic samples were compared. The maximum rate of L-arginine hydrolysis (detrermined by L-arginine) for arginase of spermatozoa obtained from men with preserved fertility was 2.0, 1.8 and 1.9 times greater than this value for oligo-, astheno- and oligoasthenozoospermic samples respectively. However, affinity constants for L-arginine was not significantly different between fertile and infertile men. The maximum rate of L-arginine hydrolysis (deretmined by Mn2+) for arginase of spermatozoa obtained from men with preserved fertility was 1.6, 1.7 and 1.7 times greater than this value for oligo-, astheno- and oligoasthenozoospermic samples respectively. However, affinity constants for Mn2+ were not significantly different between fertile and infertile men. In the whole range of time, the urea production by arginase in sperm cells obtained from oligozoospermic samples is much lower compared to value in healthy donors. The results of kinetic analysis indicate that urea production by arginase is much more intense in the control group than in patients with various forms of pathospermia. The initial (instantaneous) reaction rate of arginase reaction was lower for oligozoospermic samples compared to normozoospermic samples. It has been found that inhibition of arginase activity in sperm cells of infertile men occurs by non-competitive type and was related to marked decrease in maximum reaction rate while affinity of arginase to L-arginine and Mn2+ was unaffected.
Characterization of Са2+,Мg2+-ATPase of blood lymphocytes in women with ovarian cancer
Authors: Barylyak R. V. , Iefremova U. P. , Onufrovych O. K. , Melnyk O. V. , Vorobets D. Z. , Vorobets Z. D.
Published: April 2018

Ionized Ca2+ is crucial for regulation of practically all intracellular processes, including tumor growth, cell proliferation, apoptosis, etc. The plasma membrane Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase plays an important role in maintaining intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. The function of this enzyme is to reduce the Ca2+ concentration in the cytosol, namely its transport against a concentration gradient in the extracellular medium. We have investigated the activity of plasma membrane Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase of lymphocytes of practically (clinically) healthy women of different age groups and also patients with ovarian cancer stage III and IV. It was found that the enzyme activity in women of the older age group was not significantly reduced in relation to the activity of the younger age group. Thus, the value of the maximum rate of ATP hydrolysis by plasma membrane Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase of blood lymphocytes in practically healthy women under the conditions of physiological norm was 1.1 times higher than under of pre-nosological state. In patients with ovarian cancer (stages III and IV), plasma membrane Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase activity of blood lymphocytes significantly differed from the physiological norm and decreased by 1.6 and 1.8 times, compared with the physiological norm. The decrease of the plasma membrane Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase activity of blood lymphocytes in patients with ovarian cancer indicates an increase of Ca2+ in the cytosol of lymphocytes. Determination of affinity constants showed that these values were in the submillimolar range of concentration, corresponding to the physiological concentration in the cell cytoplasm (0.5–5.0 mM). In healthy persons, under the condition of physiological norm, the affinity constant of plasma membrane Сa2+,Mg2+-ATPase to the ATP was 0.16 ± 0.02 mM and at pre-nosological state – 0.19 ± 0.02 mM. The affinity constant of plasma membrane Сa2+,Mg2+-ATPase of lymphocytes to ATP in patients with ovarian cancer (stage ІІІ) was 0.32 ± 0.03 mM and with ovarian cancer (stage IV) 0.35 ± 0.03 mM. That is, the affinity constant of plasma membrane Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase of lymphocytes to ATP in patients with ovarian cancer was 2.0–2.1 times higher than this value for the blood lymphocytes in the control group (physiological norm). The kinetic analysis of Ca2+-activated, Mg2+-dependent hydrolysis of ATP in blood lymphocytes in women showed that the decrease in the activity of Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase was due to a decrease in the affinity of the enzyme to the substrate (KATP increases 2-fold).
Serum paraoxonase activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, its relationship with the clinical course and cardiovascular compications
Authors: Shevchuk S. V. , Seheda Y. S. , Galyutina O. Y. , Masik N. P. , Shevchuk O. V.
Published: April 2018

Nowadays low paraoxonase activity is generally recognized as an independent risk factor of cardiovascular diseases involved in pathologic remodeling of the heart and vessels as well as thrombosis in the general population. But the role of paraoxonase activity in RA patients is unknown. Based on the above, the aim of the work was to study serum paraoxonase activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, to evaluate its association with clinical course and structural and functional status of the cardiovascular system. 67 patients with RA, 18 males and 49 females were studied. The control group consisted of 25 apparently healthy individuals. Rheumatoid arthritis was diagnosed according to international classification criteria ACR 2012. The indices of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and triglycerides (TG) in blood serum were determined by standard conventional methods. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) values were calculated by Friedwald formula. Serum paraoxonase activity was measured by spectrophotometric method. High resolution ultrasound and Doppler ultrasonography of the brachial artery were performed to study endothelium function. Sonographic B-mode scanning and pulsed Doppler ultrasound of heart and blood flow spectra were done on ultrasound scanner. Serum paraoxonase activity was found to be about 18.8% lower in the patients with RA than in the control group. Serum paraoxonase activity was shown to decrease proportionally to the increase of the age in RA patients. In the group of patients over 45, the level of the enzyme was 13.0% lower than in the patients over 30. The study established that the increase of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure is associated with decrease of serum paraoxonase activity in RA patients. The patients with RA combined with arterial hypertension had significantly (by 10.9%) lower activity of the studied enzyme than those with no arterial hypertension. However, no significant relationship between paraoxonase activity and duration of the disease, obesity and smoking was revealed. Paraoxonase activity in RA patients was demonstrated to be dependent on lipid levels. The lowest paraoxonase activity was recorded in individuals with the highest levels of TC, LDLC and the lowest HDLC indices. Paraoxonase activity in RA patients is associated not only with atherosclerotic vascular damage (IMT, decreased FMDBA) but also with structural and functional heart status (systolic and diastolic functions, left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy). Decreased serum paraoxonase level is suggested to be the predictor of early development of cardiovascular complications in RA patients.
Prenatal morphogenesis of compartments of the parenchyma of the lymph nodes of domestic cattle (Bos taurus)
Authors: Gavrilin P. N. , Lieshchova M. A. , Gavrilina O. G. , Boldyreva T. F.
Published: April 2018

The article analyzes the regularities of the formation and development of the lymphoid lobules of the parenchyma of the somatic (Limphonodi cervicales superficiales) and visceral (L. jejunales) lymph nodes in domestic cattle in the fetal period of ontogenesis. We used routine histological techniques and author's modification of the impregnation of total median sections with silver nitrate. Visualization of various zones of lymphoid lobules was carried out taking into account the specific for different cell zones architectonics of reticular fibers. It has been established that signs of morphological heterogeneity of parenchyma of lymph nodes are first found in three month-old fetuses, which is associated with the concentration of lymphoid tissue along the marginal sinus. Separation of lymphoid lobules and their structural and functional differentiation are first detected in five month fetuses. In the lymphoid lobules of five month-old fetuses all structural and functional cell zones are observable, among which the regions of clonal proliferation of T and B lymphocytes are the least developed, and regions of the transit corridors for lymphocytes migrating medullary and the cords (zone of potential accumulation of plasmocytes and antibody formation) are the most developed. Structural and functional transformations of compartments in the prenatal period of ontogenesis are accompanied by a predominantly moderate increase of the relative volume of specialized T- and B-dependent zones of lobules, against a background of a gradual decrease of the volume of transit corridors for lymphocytes migrating and zone of potential accumulation of plasmocytes and antibody formation. Due to the small volume and relatively low rates of development of the lymphocytes clonal proliferation zones, the quantitative ratios of the cellular zones in lymphoid lobules of the lymph nodes of domestic cattle in prenatal ontogenesis remain relatively stable, while maintaining the maximum indices of the development of transit corridors for lymphocytes migration and medullary cords. Among the zones of lymphocytes clonal proliferation throughout the fetal period, T-dependent zones predominate, the relative volume of which is 5.0–7.5 times greater than the volume of B-dependent zones. Lymphoid lobules in the lymph nodes of the domestic cattle fetuses of all age groups are arranged along the marginal sinus in one row and have a polar structure due to the formation of lymph nodes at one pole of the lobules in the interfollicular zone. In the visceral lymph nodes (L. jejunum) of 8–9 month-old fetuses, individual lymph nodes can form in paracortical strands, on the border with the interfollicular zone.
The significance of hepatic transaminases and ultrasound in the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Stepanov Y. M. , Nedzvetskaya N. V. , Yagmur V. B. , Konenko I. S.
Published: April 2018

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is characterized by fatty liver infiltration without any another common cause of steatosis (severe alcohol, drugs, etc.). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with metabolic risk factors, which are diabetes type 2, dyslipidemia, obesity, and in some cases, it has a genetic predisposition as a main cause. The liver biopsy remains the “gold standard” for assessing the degree of steatosis, necrosis and liver fibrosis. However, non-invasive investigations, especially biochemical markers and visualization methods remain the first-line diagnostic analyses, as well as assessment of the response to treatment. In view of this, the aim of our research was to evaluate the validity of biochemical parameters of liver function and ultrasound in the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Patients diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were studied in this research Every patient underwent to both an examination and treatment in the Department of Liver and Pancreatic Diseases at the Institute of Gastroenterology, NAMS of Ukraine. All patients were exposed to ultrasound visualization of the abdominal organs, standard biochemical studies (content analyses of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin and its fractions, activity of alkaline phosphatase, gammaglutamyltranspeptidase, X-lipoproteins, total protein, albumin, fibrinogen, international normalized ratio) were performed in the blood serum . Increased echogenicity of the liver and distal decrement of ultrasound, as the main ultrasonographic symptoms of liver steatosis, were determined with high incidence in all patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. A number of symptoms (heterogeneity of the echo-structure of the liver of medium and coarse-grained nature, roundness of the lower edge of the liver, inequalities in the liver contour), the frequency of which is more closely related to the severity of inflammatory, as well as fibrotic changes, were observed more often in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis compared with steatosis. The deterioration in the visualization of small branches of the liver veins was determined as a result of the smoothness of the vascular pattern and its depletion. Moreover, the results showed an increment of the spleen volume, along with the enlargement of the splenic vein of patients with cirrhosis. All observed changes were considered as a component of portal hypertension and were induced with fibrotic transformation of the liver. The lack of correlation of the degree of fibrosis with the content of transaminases confirms the low diagnostic significance of these indicators. Nevertheless, the moderate direct correlation of the determined ultrasonographic indexes with degree of the fibrosis in the liver indicates the possibility of using this method for screening non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
The impact of certain flavourings and preservatives on the survivability of larvae of nematodes of Ruminantia
Authors: Boyko O. O. , Brygadyrenko V. V.
Published: April 2018

Annualy, helminthic diseases are one of the causes of economic losses in agriculture. Ruminantia are most often observed to be infected with nematodes of the gastrointestinal tract, including Strongyloides papillosus and the representatives of the Strongylida order. Identifying factors which could cause a decrease in the level of infection of agricultural animals with helminthiases would allow stock-raising facilities to regularly achieve high quality dairy and meat production in sufficient quantity. On the basis of this study, we determined the impact of flavourings and source materials approved for use in and on foods (isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl acetate, raspberry ketone, trilon B, methylparaben) on the survivability of larvae of Strongyloides papillosus and Haemonchus contortus, parasitic nematodes of Ruminantia animals. Among these substances, the lowest efficiency against the nematode larvae was found in isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl acetate and trilon B. A stronger effect was caused by methylparaben (for L3 S. papillosus LD50 = 0.67 ± 0.04%, L1 and L2 S. papillosus – LD50 = 0.0038 ± 0.0008%, L3 H. contortus – LD50 = 0.89 ± 0.15%). Minimum efficient dosage of the solutions was 10 g/l. Significant antihelminthic properties were manifested by raspberry ketone (for L3 S. papillosus LD50 = 1.00 ± 0.72%, L1 and L2 S. papillosus – LD50 = 0.07 ± 0.06%, L3 H. contortus – LD50 = 0.39 ± 0.26%). The results show that there is considerable potential for further studies on the antiparasitic properties of these substances against nematodes in the conditions of farming enterprises and agricultural complexes.
Violations of cell-molecular mechanisms of bone remodeling under influence of glucocorticoids
Authors: Pavlov S. B. , Babenko N. M. , Kumetchko M. V. , Litvinova O. B.
Published: April 2018

The fact is disturbance of the processes of bone tissue remodeling leads to a change in the balance between synthesis and resorption of bone and the development of osteoporosis. The most common cause of secondary osteoporosis is the use of glucocorticoid therapy. The aim of this study is to investigate the cellular-molecular mechanisms of disturbance of the processes of bone remodeling regulation, reflected by hormones and intercellular mediators (for example parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, RANKL, osteoprotegerin, P-selectin, interleukin-17, transforming growth factor-β1, adiponectin and visfatin) on the background experimental glucocorticoid osteoporosis. The experimental study carried out in two groups of white female rats. Disturbance of bone tissue remodeling was verified by histological examination of the femoral head, vertebrae of the thoracic and lumbar spine of rats and the measurement of bone density. The study of the levels of hormones and intercellular mediators in the blood serum of animals was carried out by the method of enzyme immunoassay. The bone mineral density of the experimental group was reduced compared to the bone mineral density of the control group. The study of the histostructure of the femoral head and vertebrae in rats of the experimental group in comparison with the animals of the control group revealed changes in the structural organization of bone tissue, confirmed by histomorphometry, indicating inhibition of the processes of osteosynthesis. The article analyzes the nature of the involvement of hormones and cytokines in pathogenetic mechanisms of development of bone tissue disorders. The levels of cytokines RANKL, osteoprotegerin, interleukin-17 and calcitonin in the blood serum of animals of the group with the violation of bone tissue remodeling by glucocorticoids were higher than in intact animals. Serum levels of P-selectin, parathyroid hormone, transforming growth factor-β1, adiponectin and visfatin were lower than similar levels in animals from the control group. The use of glucocorticoids increases the expression of RANKL and inhibits the synthesis of osteoprotegerin, resulting in stimulation of bone resorption. The effect of glucocorticoids in the experimental model is realized by changing the production of the studied hormones, cytokines and adhesion molecules. These changes stimulate the apoptosis of osteoblasts and inhibit their proliferation and differentiation, which is another mechanism of bone loss. Correlations found during the study reflect the relationship in the system of regulation of bone tissue remodeling under the influence of glucocorticoids. A complex system for regulating bone remodeling, which includes many regulatory pathways and their interactions, requires further study.
Зміни анатомо-морфологічних показників рослин роду Аcer L. в умовах м. Дніпро
Authors: Pavlyukova N. F. , Legostaуeva T. V.
Published: April 2018

Вивчено видоспецифічні особливості анатомо-морфологічних показників одно-річних пагонів представників роду Acer L. Показано різницю параметрів гістологіч-них елементів пагонів дерев, що зростають на узбіччі автострад, та дерев з умовночистої зони. Виявлено пряму залежність між розмірами короку, первинної і вторин-ної кори та здатністю дерев протидіяти антропогенному впливу. Встановлено, що заанатомічною будовою найбільш толерантним до впливу техногенних емісій виявив-ся A. pseudoplatanus L., найбільш чутливим – A. negundo L.
Рийна діяльність прудкої ящірки в умовах Присамар’я
Authors: Gasso V. Y.
Published: April 2018

Представлено результати досліджень обсягів рийної діяльності прудкої ящіркиу степовому та лісовому (суховатий бір) біогеоценозах Присамар’я. Визначено гли-бину занурення та довжину ходу нір, об’єм та масу винесеного на поверхню ґрунтуяк з однієї нори, так й у перерахунку на гектар. Встановлено, що нори прудкої ящір-ки можуть відрізнятися за будовою у двох типах біогеоценозів. Об’єм та маса ґрун-ту, який виноситься з однієї нори на поверхню, більші у бору на 20 % та 280 % відпо-відно. Однак у перерахунку на гектар лише маса винесеного ґрунту достовірно біль-ша в лісовій екосистемі.
Лісівничо-таксаційна оцінка лісів Горган
Authors: Lavnyy V. , Dychkevych V.
Published: April 2018

Проаналізовано картографічний матеріал підприємств та встановлено межі регіону досліджень. Проаналізовано розподіл лісових насаджень  досліджуваної території за типами лісу, запасом, часткою і продуктивністю ялинових лісів, класами бонітету, групами віку, відносними повнотами і категоріями лісових земель.

Площа лісів регіону досліджень становить 262242,3 га. Серед типів лісу переважає волога буково-ялицева сусмеречина, яка займає 27,9% лісової території Горган. На другому місці за площею серед типів лісу знаходиться волога буково-смерекова суяличина, частка якої становить 13,4%. Частка вологої смереково-ялицева субучини становить 10,4% та вологої чистої сусмеречини – 10,3%.

Найбільший середній запас деревостанів спостережено у Карпатському НПП – 372 м3/га, а найменший – у ДП "Солотвинське ЛГ" (228 м3/га). У Горганах переважають високобонітетні насадження першого і вищих класів бонітету. Найбільше їх є в Українському НДІ гірського лісівництва (91,9%), Карпатському НПП (77,1%) та ДП "Делятинське ЛГ" (72,7%), а найменше – у ПЗ "Горгани" (26,0 %) і ДП "Мокрянське ЛМГ" (30,2%).

На території Горган переважають середньовікові деревостани, які займають 32,7% ділянок, вкритих лісовою рослинністю. Серед відносних повнот насаджень у регіоні досліджень переважають середньо- і високоповнотні деревостани, які займають відповідно 44,5% і 40,5% лісів. Низькоповнотні насадження становлять 13,9%, а рідколісся – 1,0%.

У Горганах 51,3% лісової площі становлять ліси природного походження, частка лісових культур становить 38%, незімкнутих лісових культур – 2,4% і зрубів – 2,1%.
Hera as protectress of marriage, childbirth, and motherhood in Magna Graecia
Authors: Giacco Marialucia , Marchetti Chiara Maria
Published: April 2018

This paper is aimed to analyze several different aspects of the cult of Hera in Magna Graecia – from the Archaic to the Hellenistic period – where the goddess was already worshipped since the foundation of most ancient colonies in southern Italy. By examination both of the ancient Greek sources and the archaeological evidences, we tried to outline the features and the duties of the goddess over time, also comparing all the detected data with the Greek world. The result will perhaps help in defining them better than has been done hitherto.
Oligo- és poliszacharidok, proteoglikánok
Authors: Jakab Lajos
Published: April 2018

Abstract:

After clearing up the confusion in the previously used nomenclature, the paper discusses the family of small-leucin-rich glycoproteins. After mentioning the family and its role in the organisation of the ground substance and in the regulation of inflammation, one unique molecule of proteoglycans is presented. This molecule is the inter-α-trypsin inhibitor. It has turned out that this peculiar molecule originally contains glycosaminoglycan beside the neutral carbohydrates. After summarizing the numerous connections of the proteoglycan molecule, the “self-sacrificing” nature of the molecule is presented. It is noted that the functions of the ovaries are also controlled by this molecule. The unique structure and fundamental function of the CD44 is also analysed. The CD44 is a transmembrane proteoglycan receptor with diverse functions and actions. The organisation has intramolecular, transmembrane sections, a stalk and one globular part and contains glycosaminoglycan and oligosacharids, too. The construction contains sialic acid residues at end positions of the molecular chains, which hinder it from joining other sialic acid structures in terminal positions. Therefore, this molecule has to be separated to open up a way for the sequencing neutral molecule (e.g., hyaluronan) to be attached. CD44 is the most important, but not the only receptor of hyaluronan. It can form connections with a lot of constructions, e.g., blood cells, the human endothelial, adventitial and mesenchymal. Human extracellular matrix proteinases can change the receptor’s structures. Both the molecular and the supramolecular complexes boast unique features. The giant hyaluronan chains can connect to hyaluronan-binding proteoglycans – particularly hyaladherins to hyaluronectins – to create supramolecular connections and networks. The molecular mass of the fragments of hyaluronan is in the range of some kDs, while the whole molecule weighs up to several million Ds. The fragments are independent masses and can form attachments by themselves. The fragments have important inflammatory effects. Previously unidentified proteoglycan fragments have also been identified. Five of the ten identified fragments are secreted after synthetizing and stored in the granula of human cells. These strange characteristics are connected to the features of chromogranins/secretogranins. Nevertheless, this is another system of the organism, the functional, molecular structures of which are synthetized in neuroendocrine cells. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(16): 620–627.
Metasztatikus progresszió kezelése primer cutan és ocularis melanoma szinkrón előfordulását követően
Authors: Imrédi Eleonóra , Plótár Vanda , Szavcsur Péter , Pánczél Gitta , Melegh Krisztina , Schlachter Krisztina , Liszkay Gabriella
Published: April 2018

Abstract:

The incidence rates of cutaneous melanoma in non-Hispanic whites show an increasing tendency with age. While uveal melanoma in general is a rare disease, representing only 4% of all melanomas with an incidence rate of 0.6 per 100 000, it is still the most frequent malignancy of the eye. Synchronous occurrence of ocular and cutaneous melanoma is an exceptional rarity, due to the distinct genetic background of the diseases. We report the case of a 80-year-old man who underwent total excision of a cutaneous melanoma in 2008. In 2013, he was diagnosed with uveal melanoma as part of a routine work-up for reduced vision. The uveal melanoma was treated by brachytherapy. In 2015, liver metastases were suspected by routine ultrasonography. Core biopsy was carried out, and the histology confirmed melanoma metastases. The molecular analysis of the cutaneous lesion showed gain of function mutation of the BRAF V600 K gene, while we found a wild-type BRAF gene in the metastatic lesion. Based on the recommendation of the oncoteam, hepatic intra-arterial Epirubicin-Platidiam therapy was introduced. He received 11 doses of intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC), in 21 cycles. IAC was well tolerated without any catheter-related complications or toxicities. Partial regression of the hepatic metastases were documented in February 2016. After completing the eleventh cycle of intrahepatic chemotherapy, the disease remained in complete remission for over a year. The parallel occurrence of cutaneous and ocular melanoma is rare, however, the metastatic progression in such cases make the selection of optimal medical therapy challenging. The distinct genetic background of two melanoma types may help the identification of the source of the metastatic lesions, in order to guide the treatment decisions. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(16): 642–647.
Raynaud-szindrómás betegek életminőségének jellemzői
Authors: Fábián Balázs , Csiki Zoltán , Bugán Antal
Published: April 2018

Abstract:

Introduction: Raynaud’s disease is characterized by episodic vasospastic attacks and digital ischemia usually followed by pain, numbness and cold. Despite the severity of the symptoms, the investigation of the quality of life in this disease received less attention yet. Aim: The aim of the study was to examine how the disease affects the patients’ quality of life. Method: Semi-structured interviews were made with 28 patients diagnosed with Raynaud’s disease. Results: Almost every domain of quality of life is negatively affected. The somatic symptoms cause significant suffering, they are accompanied by loss of functionality; frequent preventive actions are needed; furthermore they affect job performance, commuting and sleep quality. Emotional and cognitive burdens and negative changes in interpersonal relationships were found. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that the disease is present as significant hardship in every aspect of daily life. Because of the decrease in the quality of life and the psychological burdens caused by this chronic disease, not only the basic medical care, but psychological treatment is also indicated. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(16): 636–641.
Antihyperglykaemiás kezelés hatékonyságát megítélő randomizált, kontrollált klinikai tanulmányok obszervációs jellegű utánkövetései. II. Az utánkövetés sajátosságai és diabetológiai tanulságai
Authors: Jermendy György
Published: April 2018

Abstract:

Although the outcomes of the follow-up investigation period of the randomized clinical studies for evaluating the efficacy of a treatment or an antidiabetic drug may be confounded or potentially biased by several factors, the results are widely accepted by the diabetes community. In line with the theory of metabolic memory or metabolic legacy, early and intensive antihyperglycaemic treatment should be provided for all diabetic patients as this strategy can result in beneficial effects even in the long run. The recent cardiovascular safety trials with new, innovative antidiabetic drugs differ in several aspects from the former efficacy studies. Ten cardiovascular safety trials were completed so far enabling to define their unique and common features. It can be anticipated that the era of randomized, controlled efficacy studies with observational follow-up investigations came to an end in diabetes research. Nowadays, cardiovascular safety trials are in the focus of clinical research in diabetology and results of several ongoing studies are expected with interest in the near future. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(16): 615–619.
A III. szintű neonatális intenzív centrumokban dolgozó orvosok szakmai és családi jellemzői, nehézségei, elégedettsége, erőforrásai. Magyarországi helyzetkép
Authors: Soósné Kiss Zsuzsanna , Feith Helga Judit , Szabó Miklós , Gradvohl Edina
Published: April 2018

Abstract:

Introduction: A survey that investigates the situation of physicians working at neonatal intensive care (NIC) centres has not been made since 1997. Aim: To give an overview of the sociodemographic characteristics; personal and professional problems; the satisfaction with their job and family roles; their levels of healthy lifestyle; resources in the families of physicians working at NIC. Method: We have made an examination in Hungary at NIC among physicians from April 2015 till January 2016, with an anonym self-fill-in questionnaire. Results: The physicians involved in the research (n = 111) are representatively middle-aged people. They are well-qualified and hold a subordinate post. Most of them have second jobs. The manager and deputy-manager positions are characteristic for the men. Most of them live in family. The main problems for them are financial and professional difficulties, not the family or personal problems. They have conflicts in families because of finding partners and having children as well as job problems. They are satisfied with their parenting, partnership and professional roles but they are not contented with their family role as a financial safety provider person and as a person living a healthy life. In difficult situations in their life, they can count on friends and family members, furthermore they can rely on their workmates and superiors. Conclusion: It is the first research that focuses on the general situation of physicians working at level 3 NIC centres. This is the first time when a survey investigates their professional-personal-family life. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(16): 628–635.
O papa e as questões da família: às voltas com gênero e orientação sexual
Authors: Lima Luís Corrêa
Published: April 2018

As transformações na família nas últimas décadas, com a emergência de novas configurações, são um desafio para a Igreja Católica e sua missão de evangelizar. A mensagem cristã no campo sexual e familiar tem um valor inegável, mas também problemas e questionamentos inevitáveis. Em alguns pontos, há uma notável disparidade entre a doutrina e a vida da maioria dos fiéis.  Em 2013, o papa Francisco convocou o Sínodo dos Bispos voltado para o tema da família, lançando na Igreja um amplo debate sobre estes temas, como nunca se viu nas últimas décadas. Um resultado deste processo foi a publicação do documento normativo pelo papa em 2016, a Exortação Pós-sinodal Amoris Laetitia sobre o amor na família. Questões de gênero, orientação sexual e união homossexual tem sido foco de conflitos entre religiosos e outros segmentos da sociedade, incidindo no Estado e nas políticas públicas. Entretanto, muitas ideias surgidas no contexto do Sínodo, bem como alguns conteúdos da Exortação, podem contribuir consideravelmente para abrir novos caminhos.
Teologia e corporeidades queer em debate: um "flâneur" possível?
Authors: Smith Herlan José da Silva , De Luca Taíssa Tavernard
Published: April 2018

Entendendo o verbo Francês “flâneur” a partir da perspectiva de Baudelaire, isto é, como uma pessoa que transita pelos meandros citadinos a fim de experienciá-los, este breve ensaio se apropria do verbete mencionado para propor uma reflexão sobre as possibilidades de passeio e comunicação entre teoria queer e discurso teológico, enquanto diálogo epistemológico que procura problematizar tanto a não normatização de corpos em identidades hetero-cis-sexualizadas, quanto o entendimento de se pensar sempre em teologia no plural. Aqui, após um percurso itinerário de influências, busco apontar brevemente para uma vertente onde o passeio das “subalternidades” é ao mesmo tempo subversão para o pensamento teológico hegemônico e liberdade religiosa para corpos abjetos.
Tax Planning and Investment Pattern of Academicians: A Study of Educational Institutions in Bengaluru
Authors: V Pallavi , S Anuradha P
Published: April 2018

Tax planning involves an efficient application of various provisions and loopholes of tax laws to reduce the incidence of tax and tax burden of an assessee. This research paper aims at studying the investment pattern and the awareness of various tax planning schemes available for investment for academicians. Structured questionnaire was used to collect the data and 385 respondents were selected for the study by adopting stratified sampling technique from private educational institutions across the city of Bengaluru. The study revealed that the level of awareness among the academicians on various tax saving schemes is low and personal factors influence the investment decisions. Further, bank deposits are preferred investment avenues.
Awareness and Understanding of GST among Indian Consumers: An Empirical Study
Authors: Gupta Lovleen , Agarwal Akash
Published: April 2018

The Goods and Services Tax (GST), India's biggest tax reform since Independence emerged as a game changer and seems to be the masterstroke for economic alignment. The 122nd Constitutional amendment made it possible to introduce new tax regime to fix the gaps in the existing system which is estimated to make an incremental growth of 2% in GDP. In order to investigate the success and effectiveness of the GST, the present research work explores the level of understanding, awareness and acceptance of GST among Indian consumer. Furthermore, the article also investigates the GST effect on spending behaviour of public at large. The primary data was collected from 312 respondents using random sampling from different parts of the country but only 200 responses were found fit for the study. The result shows that consumers, by and large, are acquainted with the GST structure. Moreover, study also reveals that no significant correlation exists between GST tax structure and spending behaviour of respondents.
Sigma and Beta Convergence in Revenues and Expenditure across Indian States
Authors: Raut Dirghau    Keshao
Published: April 2018

Applying the idea of convergence in economics to revenues and expenditures of state governments (sub-national governments), the paper examines fiscal convergence across states in India. Using panel and cross-section regressions, the study finds evidence of convergence in revenues and expenditures. Among the fiscal indicators used in the paper, the speed of beta convergence was found to be highest in capital outlay. We contribute to the existing literature by examining the process of fiscal convergence for pre and post fiscal rules period. The comparison of convergence process before and after implementation of fiscal rules revealed that, the convergence was more pronounced in the post-FRBM period. Evidence of the favourable impact of fiscal rules on indicators such as capital outlay suggest that states should follow fiscal rules for fiscal consolidation without compromising on the quality of expenditure.
Efficiency in Value Added Tax in Sub-National Governments in India: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Mohanty Asit Ranjan , Patra Suresh Kumar , . Satyendra Kumar
Published: April 2018

The present study attempts to analyse whether the VAT efficiency has improved after its implementation. Further, we examine the major determinants of VAT efficiency for 17 non-special category Indian states for the period 2000-01 to 2014-15. Using random effect model (as suggested by Hausman test), the urbanization ratio, billing and collection efficiency, bank credit ratio and share of agriculture sector are found to have a favourable effect on VAT efficiency while the share of the unregistered manufacturing sector and share of services sector have an adverse impact on VAT efficiency. Besides, the study also reveals that tax efficiency has come down in the aftermath of the implementation of the VAT in India. As regards policy implication, initiatives by the government for the high level of urbanization, raising billing and collection efficiency, providing more bank credit and encouraging agricultural activities would enhance the VAT efficiency. Since the coefficient of the VAT dummy is negative in the model, the government may revise the existing tax system and adopt a suitable taxation system that solves the problem in the current tax structure.
Fiscal Consolidation and Macroeconomic Variables in India: A Cointegration Analysis
Authors: Nayak Chittaranjan , Panda Manaswini
Published: April 2018

Fiscal consolidation is in the forefront of policy discussion in India since 1990s. But the debate on fiscal consolidation and its real effects has been unable to attain any culmination so far on analytical as well as empirical grounds. The present paper tries to examine the impact of fiscal consolidation on growth, inflation, private investment, and exchange rate in India by analysing a time series data for the period from 1980-81 to 2013-14. The paper observes that there exists a long run relationship between GDP, fiscal consolidation, inflation and private investment. Fiscal deficit reduces GDP significantly. This finding gives empirical support to the neoclassical school of thought. However, the paper does not find any significant crowding-out evidence in India. The conclusion as such is sensitive to lag selection, and inclusion of variables. Although necessary diagnostic checking has been done, a robust analysis warrants a longer time series. The question remains inconclusive that if fiscal deficit does not cause significant crowding-out of private investment, then what are the channels of its negative influence on GDP.
Budgetary Impacts of Central Fiscal Transfers in India: Evidence from State Level Data
Authors: Panda Prasant Kumar
Published: April 2018

The paper empirically examines the impacts of federal transfers on State tax efforts and expenditure taking into consideration a panel data set of 22 Indian States for the time-period 1980-81 to 2007-08. Dynamic panel equations are specified and system GMM estimation techniques are adopted to obtain the regression coefficients. The results suggest that federal transfers have adverse incentives on budgetary initiatives of States in mobilizing their own tax resources and regulating expenditure. Federal transfers as a whole adversely affect states Tax-GSDP ratio and per capita own tax revenues. Similarly, federal transfers have important influence on the size and pattern of States spending. All categories of States expenditure like revenue expenditure, capital disbursements and aggregate expenditure are stimulated by the large availability of Central transfers. Expenditure impact of transfers is more realised on revenue expenditure than capital disbursements. The author calls for review of existing design of transfers and criteria, proper assessment of non-plan revenue deficit grants, review of ratio of specific transfers to lump-sum transfers and increasing the scope of formula based transfers to handle adverse budgetary incentives of federal transfers.
AN ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC SPENDING ON EDUCATION IN INDIA:WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ODISHA
Authors: Mitra Ananya , Rout Himanshu Sekhar , Kamble Shanmukh  V.
Published: April 2018

Education has significant influence on human development. But unfortunately the annual budget allocation as percent of GDP in India is extremely low as against other developing nations. To get a proper insight, the current paper makes a modest attempt to understand the spending attitude of center and states in general and of Odisha in particular. For this purpose, the study uses union and state budget data from the year 1995 to 2016. Education continues to enjoy an increasing allotment even though at a marginal amount, often only in nominal terms every year. The upcoming budget may focus on spending towards building world class universities and skill based education system to solve the issue of unemployability.
Proposals for the Implementation of a Comprehensive Inter-Departmental Approach in the Improving of Mechanisms for Organization of Education for Children with Disabilities
Authors: Klochko E.Y.
Published: April 2018

The implementation of a comprehensive inter-agency approach for the organization of education for children with disabilities requires coordinated activities of educational structures, medico-social expertise, and social protection. A number of measures have been proposed for the development of uniform approaches to this issue of different departments and agencies and also for provision of mechanisms of continuity of the processes of children’s education.