bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic insights into defect chemistry and tailored photoluminescence and photocatalytic properties of aliovalent cation substituted Zn0.94M0.06−xLixO (M: Fe3+, Al3+, Cr3+) nanoparticles
Authors: Ansari Sajid Ali , Manjunatha C. , Parveen Nazish , Shivaraj B. W. , Hari Krishna R.
Published: August 2021

Mechanism for photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B dye on the doped ZnO photocatalyst.
Encapsulating third donors into D–A hybrid heterostructures to form three-component charge-transfer complexes for enhanced electrical properties
Authors: Li Meng-Hua , You Ming-Hua , Lin Mei-Jin
Published: August 2021

Three-component charge-transfer complexes with enhanced semiconductor properties have been formed by the encapsulation of third donors into porous D–A hybrid heterostructures.
Steric effects on acetate-assisted cyclometallation of meta-substituted N-phenyl and N-benzyl imidazolium salts at [MCl2Cp*]2 (M = Ir, Rh)
Authors: Davies David L. , Singh Kuldip , Tamosiunaite Neringa
Published: August 2021

meta-Substituted N-phenyl,N′-methyl and N-benzyl,N′-methyl imidazolium salts undergo acetate-assisted cyclometallation to provide mixtures of ortho and para substituted cyclometallated complexes.
Environmental and economic assessment of global and German production locations for CO2-based methanol and naphtha
Authors: Kaiser Simon , Prontnicki Katharina , Bringezu Stefan
Published: August 2021

Promising global production locations for CO2-based chemicals were identified, economically and environmentally assessed, and compared to locations in Germany.
A review on biomass-derived hard carbon materials for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Thompson Mathew , Xia Qingbing , Hu Zhe , Zhao Xiu Song
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a review of research progress for biomass-derived hard carbon materials for sodium-ion storage.
Organic double D–π–A sensitizers based on 2,2′-(2,2 diphenylethene-1,1-diyl)dithiophene: π-conjugation fragment effect on the photovoltaic properties
Authors: Zhou Pengjuan , Lin Bobing , Chen Ran , Liang Jianying , An Zhongwei , Weng Qiang , Chen Xinbing , Chen Pei
Published: August 2021

Three DPDT-based double D–π–A sensitizers (A6, A8, A9) were synthesized to reveal the effect of changes in the terminal fragments of dyes on the photovoltaic properties.
An unparalleled H-bonding and ion-bonding crosslinked waterborne polyurethane with super toughness and unprecedented fracture energy
Authors: Yao Yuan , Liu Bo , Xu Ziyang , Yang Jianhai , Liu Wenguang
Published: August 2021

A H-bonding and ion-bonding crosslinked waterborne polyurethane exhibits an ultrahigh tensile strength, super toughness, and record fracture energy. Dynamic reconstruction of H-bonds and ionic bonds enables self-healability and 3D reprocessability.
Black titania an emerging photocatalyst: review highlighting the synthesis techniques and photocatalytic activity for hydrogen generation
Authors: Sahoo Suman Sekhar , Mansingh Sriram , Babu Pradeepta , Parida Kulamani
Published: August 2021

Schematic representations of black TiO2preparations and its modifications to achieve benchmark hydrogen evolution.
Balanced capture and catalytic ability toward polysulfides by designing MoO2–Co2Mo3O8 heterostructures for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Li Junhao , Xiong Zhangshi , Sun Yajie , Li Fangyuan , Feng Yufa , Liao Jinyun , Li Hao , Wu Ming , Nan Haoxiong , Shi Kaixiang , Liu Quanbing
Published: August 2021

Utilizing the synergy effect of MoO2–Co2Mo3O8 heterostructure enhances the capture and catalytic ability toward polysulfides in Li–S batteries.
Copper-catalyzed domino synthesis of ynamines
Authors: Rao Maddali L. N. , Islam Sk Shamim , Dasgupta Priyabrata
Published: August 2021

A Cu-catalyzed domino protocol using gem-dibromoalkenes and N-heteroarenes is developed for the synthesis of ynamines and it is applied in the synthesis of enynamines, bis/tris-ynamines and peyonine natural product.
Enhanced duplex- and triplex-forming ability and enzymatic resistance of oligodeoxynucleotides modified by a tricyclic thymine derivative
Authors: Kishimoto Yuki , Fujii Akane , Nakagawa Osamu , Obika Satoshi
Published: August 2021

Oligodeoxynucleotides modified with a tricyclic thymidine analog (OBN) were synthesized, and their duplex- and triplex-forming ability, fluorescence properties and enzymatic stability were studied.
Role of Lewis Acids in preventing the degradation of dithioester-dormant species in the RAFT polymerization of acrylamides in methanol to enable the successful dual control of molecular weight and tacticity
Authors: Imamura Yuji , Yamago Shigeru
Published: August 2021

Lewis acids suppressed degradation of dithiobenzoates in RAFT polymerization of acrylamides in methanol to enable control over molecular weight and dispersity along with enhanced stereoselectivity.
Multi-responsive, injectable, and self-healing hydrogels based on benzoxaborole–tannic acid complexation
Authors: Peng Yi-Yang , Cheng Qiuli , Wang Wenda , Wu Meng , Diaz-Dussan Diana , Kumar Piyush , Narain Ravin
Published: August 2021

A bio-inspired, multi-responsive, injectable, and self-healing hydrogel was developed via the interaction of tannic acid (TA) and benzoxaborole-based linear copolymers.
The NIR-sensitized cationic photopolymerization of oxetanes in combination with epoxide and acrylate monomers
Authors: Pang Yulian , Jiao Hongjun , Zou Yingquan , Strehmel Bernd
Published: August 2021

NIR-sensitized photopolymerisation at 805 nm facilitates the cationic polymerization of oxetanes. This can additionally be combined with free-radical polymerization.
Highly sensitive and selective detection of naproxen via molecularly imprinted carbon dots as a fluorescent sensor
Authors: Li Ke , Zhang Min , Ye Xingyu , Zhang Yongming , Li Guisheng , Fu Rui , Chen Xiaofeng
Published: August 2021

A highly selective fluorescent sensor for naproxen utilizes carbon dots as the fluorophore and molecularly imprinted polymer to provide the recognition sites. The fluorescence of carbon dots can be selectively quenched by naproxen.
The impact of NOx addition on the ignition behaviour of n-pentane
Authors: Fuller Mark E. , Morsch Philipp , Preußker Matthias , Goldsmith C. Franklin , Heufer K. Alexander
Published: August 2021

Modern engine concepts present several opportunities for nitrogen combustion chemistry, particularly the interaction of NOx (NO + NO2) with fuel fragments and products of partial combustion.
Stretchable multifunctional hydrogels for sensing electronics with effective EMI shielding properties
Authors: Hao Mingming , Wang Yongfeng , Li Lianhui , Lu Qifeng , Sun Fuqin , Li Lili , Yang Xianqing , Li Yue , Liu Mengyuan , Feng Sijia , Feng Simin , Zhang Ting
Published: August 2021

The magnetic-field-induced method is employed to develop a multifunctional hydrogel with fast response and outstanding EMI shielding effectiveness for fabrication of wearable sensors.
An organometal halide perovskite photocathode integrated with a MoS2 catalyst for efficient and stable photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Choi Hojoong , Seo Sehun , Kim Ju-Hyeon , Lee Jong-Hoon , Kim Seungkyu , Piao Guangxia , Park Hyunwoong , Lee Kwanghee , Lee Sanghan
Published: August 2021

An organometal halide perovskite (OHP) photocathode integrated with a MoS2 catalyst achieved long-term photoelectrochemical (PEC) stability and high half-cell solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency (HC-STH).
Nitroxide-functional PEGylated nanostars arrest cellular oxidative stress and exhibit preferential accumulation in co-cultured breast cancer cells
Authors: Dao Nam V. , Ercole Francesca , Li Yuhuan , Davis Thomas P. , Kaminskas Lisa M. , Sloan Erica K. , Quinn John F. , Whittaker Michael R.
Published: August 2021

Conjugation to nanostars enhances the biological performance of TEMPO.
Interconnected collagen porous scaffolds prepared with sacrificial PLGA sponge templates for cartilage tissue engineering
Authors: Xie Yan , Lee Kyubae , Wang Xiuhui , Yoshitomi Toru , Kawazoe Naoki , Yang Yingnan , Chen Guoping
Published: August 2021

Interconnected collagen porous scaffolds were prepared using PLGA sponges as sacrificial templates and applied for cartilage tissue engineering.
Structural effect of NIR-II absorbing charge transfer complexes and its application on cysteine-depletion mediated ferroptosis and phototherapy
Authors: Ge Wei , Xu Yatao , Liu Chao , Xu Wenjng , Zhang Yewei , Si Weili , Zhao Wenli , Ou Changjin , Dong Xiaochen
Published: August 2021

NIR-II absorbing charge transfer complexes consisting of electron-deficient F4TCNQ and electron-rich donors are reported, which presented great anti-tumor performance with NIR-II PAI/ferroptosis/phototherapy effects.
Responsive organoboranes with dynamic conformation of octacyclophane-type scaffolds: synthesis, AIE and temperature-dependent dual emissions
Authors: Zhang Kai , Ji Guangqian , Zhang Niu , Wang Nan , Yin Xiaodong , Li Quansong , Chen Pangkuan
Published: August 2021

We have achieved three organoboron compounds that display unusually temperature-dependent dual emissions with long-lived CT character.
Fabrication, microstructural evolution and excellent EMW absorbing properties of SiC fibers with high iron content
Authors: Chen Shaohong , Dong Xichao , Yao Xiaoji , Wu Pengfei , Liu Anhua , Yu Zhaoju
Published: August 2021

Continuous Fe-SiC fibers with the highest Fe content of 7.70 wt% were successfully fabricated and exhibit excellent EMW absorbing performance. The microstructure of Fe-SiC fibers possesses SiC crystallites, turbostratic carbon, and FexSiy@C.
Key role for EphB2 receptor in kidney fibrosis
Authors: Huang Zhimin , Liu Simeng , Tang Anna , Al-Rabadi Laith , Henkemeyer Mark , Mimche Patrice N. , Huang Yufeng
Published: August 2021

Erythropoietin producing hepatocellular (Eph)–Eph receptor interacting (Ephrin) receptor–ligand signaling has been implicated in the development of tissue fibrosis, though it has not been well defined in the kidney. We detected substantial up-regulation of expression and phosphorylation of the EphB2 receptor tyrosine kinase in fibrotic kidney tissue obtained both from mice subjected to the unilateral renal ischemia–reperfusion (IR) model at 14 days and in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). Knockout (KO) mice lacking EphB2 expression exhibited a normal renal structure and function, indicating no major role for this receptor in kidney development or action. Although IR injury is well-known to cause tissue damage, fibrosis, and renal dysfunction, we found that kidneys from EphB2KO mice showed much less renal tubular injury and retained a more preserved renal function. IR-injured kidneys from EphB2 KOs exhibited greatly reduced fibrosis and inflammation compared with injured wildtype (WT) littermates, and this correlated with a significant reduction in renal expression of profibrotic molecules, inflammatory cytokines, NADPH oxidases, and markers for cell proliferation, tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), myofibroblast activation, and apoptosis. A panel of 760 fibrosis-associated genes were further assessed, revealing that 506 genes in WT mouse kidney following IR injury changed their expression. However, 70.9% of those genes were back to or close to normal in expression when EphB2 was deleted. These data indicate that endogenous EphB2 expression and signaling are abnormally activated after kidney injury and subsequently contribute to the development of renal fibrosis via regulation of multiple profibrotic pathways.
The Influence of Linguistic Bias Upon Speech-Language Pathologists’ Attitudes Toward Clinical Scenarios Involving Nonstandard Dialects of English
Authors: Easton Catherine , Verdon Sarah
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Variation within languages, including dialects, takes on an indexical function, marking belonging and connection. Meanwhile, attitudes toward these speech varieties become marked by linguistic bias. Within the speech-language pathology profession, research evidence, assessment tools, and intervention programs have largely been designed for and by the White, English-speaking middle class. As such, linguistic bias with a preference for standardized dialects is prevalent in the training and practice of the speech-language pathology profession, resulting in discriminatory and racialized practices.

Method

To investigate the influence of linguistic bias upon speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') clinical decision making, data were collected from 129 Australian SLPs via an online survey. Inferential statistics were used to investigate the relationship between clinical decision making and SLPs' attitudes toward nonstandard dialects as well as personal and professional factors. A content analysis of extended responses was conducted to identify themes in clinical decision making.

Results

SLPs with more years of experience and those who had received professional development were significantly more likely to seek out more information before making a diagnosis, while those with more negative attitudes toward linguistic diversity were significantly more likely to identify a disorder than a difference. SLPs provided a range of justifications for their clinical decision making, but few acknowledged the influence of their own attitudes and bias upon their decision making.

Conclusions

SLPs' linguistic bias towards speakers of nonstandard dialects has the potential to impact upon their clinical judgment of difference versus disorder and lead to inequality of service provision for speakers who do not express themselves in standardized forms. Before the profession can truly move toward an antiracist approach of equitable service provision for all, SLPs must engage in critical self-reflection to disrupt the adherence of the speech-language pathology profession to standardized “White” norms of communication.
Eye Gaze and Perceptual Adaptation to Audiovisual Degraded Speech
Authors: Banks Briony , Gowen Emma , Munro Kevin J. , Adank Patti
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Visual cues from a speaker's face may benefit perceptual adaptation to degraded speech, but current evidence is limited. We aimed to replicate results from previous studies to establish the extent to which visual speech cues can lead to greater adaptation over time, extending existing results to a real-time adaptation paradigm (i.e., without a separate training period). A second aim was to investigate whether eye gaze patterns toward the speaker's mouth were related to better perception, hypothesizing that listeners who looked more at the speaker's mouth would show greater adaptation.

Method

A group of listeners (
n
= 30) was presented with 90 noise-vocoded sentences in audiovisual format, whereas a control group (
n
= 29) was presented with the audio signal only. Recognition accuracy was measured throughout and eye tracking was used to measure fixations toward the speaker's eyes and mouth in the audiovisual group.

Results

Previous studies were partially replicated: The audiovisual group had better recognition throughout and adapted slightly more rapidly, but both groups showed an equal amount of improvement overall. Longer fixations on the speaker's mouth in the audiovisual group were related to better overall accuracy. An exploratory analysis further demonstrated that the duration of fixations to the speaker's mouth decreased over time.

Conclusions

The results suggest that visual cues may not benefit adaptation to degraded speech as much as previously thought. Longer fixations on a speaker's mouth may play a role in successfully decoding visual speech cues; however, this will need to be confirmed in future research to fully understand how patterns of eye gaze are related to audiovisual speech recognition. All materials, data, and code are available at
https://osf.io/2wqkf/
.
3D convolutional neural networks based automatic modulation classification in the presence of channel noise
Authors: Khan Rahim , Yang Qiang , Ullah Inam , Rehman Ateeq Ur , Tufail Ahsan Bin , Noor Alam , Rehman Abdul , Cengiz Korhan
Published: August 2021

Automatic modulation classification is a task that is essentially required in many intelligent communication systems such as fibre‐optic, next‐generation 5G or 6G systems, cognitive radio as well as multimedia internet‐of‐things networks etc. Deep learning (DL) is a representation learning method that takes raw data and finds representations for different tasks such as classification and detection. DL techniques like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have a strong potential to process and analyse large chunks of data. In this work, we considered the problem of multiclass (eight classes) classification of modulated signals, which are, Binary Phase Shift Keying, Quadrature Phase Shift Keying, 16 and 64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation corrupted by Additive White Gaussian Noise, Rician and Rayleigh fading channels using 3D‐CNN architectures in both frequency and spatial domains while deploying three approaches for data augmentation, which are, random zoomed in/out, random shift and random weak Gaussian blurring augmentation techniques with a cross‐validation (CV) based hyperparameter selection statistical approach. Simulation results testify the performance of 10‐fold CV without augmentation in the spatial domain to be the best while the worst performing method happens to be 10‐fold CV without augmentation in the frequency domain and we found learning in the spatial domain to be better than learning in the frequency domain.
A 3D controllable diffraction‐limited spot array generated by means of a spaced‐dipole array
Authors: Yu Yanzhong , Huang Han , Lin Shunda , Zeng Yongxi , Chen Musheng , Zhan Qiwen
Published: August 2021

The creation of an array of three‐dimensional (3D) multifocal spots in the focal region has attracted interest due to potential applications in parallel or simultaneous process areas. Based on the theory of pattern synthesis of antenna array and the electromagnetic time reversal technique, an optimisation‐free approach is reported to construct a 3D controllable diffraction‐limited spot array in the focal volume of a 4pi focussing system formed by two high‐numerical‐aperture (NA) objectives. The proposed method can be implemented readily by inversely focussing the field radiated from a virtual spaced‐dipole antenna array mounted at the focus of the 4pi configuration. By solving the inverse problem, the required illumination in the pupil plane for producing the 3D spot array can be found. It is demonstrated that the 3D diffraction‐limited focal spot array owns the properties of controllable polarisation, scheduled number, tunable location, and adjustable interval. This array may find applications in 3D simultaneous optical manipulation and trapping, 3D parallel fabrication, 3D optical data storage, and so on.
Siamese recurrent neural networks for the robust classification of grid disturbances in transmission power systems considering unknown events
Authors: Kummerow André , Monsalve Cristian , Bretschneider Peter
Published: August 2021

The automated identification and localisation of grid disturbances is a major research area and key technology for the monitoring and control of future power systems. Current recognition systems rely on sufficient training data and are very error‐prone to disturbance events, which are unseen during training. This study introduces a robust Siamese recurrent neural network using attention‐based embedding functions to simultaneously identify and locate disturbances from synchrophasor data. Additionally, a novel double‐sigmoid classifier is introduced for reliable differentiation between known and unknown disturbance types and locations. Different models are evaluated within an open‐set classification problem for a generic power transmission system considering different unknown disturbance events. A detailed analysis of the results is provided and classification results are compared with a state‐of‐the‐art open‐set classifier.
Multi-tracer analysis of straight depolarisation canals in the surroundings of the 3C 196 field
Authors: Turić Luka , Jelić Vibor , Jaspers Rutger , Haverkorn Marijke , Bracco Andrea , Erceg Ana , Ceraj Lana , van Eck Cameron , Zaroubi Saleem
Published: August 2021

Context. Faraday tomography of a field centred on the extragalactic point source 3C 196 with the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) revealed an intertwined structure of diffuse polarised emission with straight depolarisation canals and tracers of the magnetised and multi-phase interstellar medium (ISM), such as dust and line emission from atomic hydrogen (HI).

Aims. This study aims at extending the multi-tracer analysis of LOFAR data to three additional fields in the surroundings of the 3C 196 field. For the first time, we study the three-dimensional structure of the LOFAR emission by determining the distance to the depolarisation canals.

Methods. We used the rolling Hough transform to compare the orientation of the depolarisation canals with that of the filamentary structure seen in HI, and based on starlight and dust polarisation data, with that of the plane-of-the-sky magnetic field. Stellar parallaxes from Gaia complemented the starlight polarisation with the corresponding distances.

Results. Faraday tomography of the three fields shows a rich network of diffuse polarised emission at Faraday depths between − 10 and + 15 rad m−2. A complex system of straight depolarisation canals resembles that of the 3C 196 field. The depolarisation canals align both with the HI filaments and with the magnetic field probed by dust. The observed alignment suggests that an ordered magnetic field organises the multiphase ISM over a large area (~20°). In one field, two groups of stars at distances below and above 200 pc, respectively, show distinct magnetic field orientations. These are both comparable with the orientations of the depolarisation canals in the same field. We conclude that the depolarisation canals likely trace the same change in the magnetic field as probed by the stars, which corresponds to the edge of the Local Bubble.
The diffuse interstellar band around 8620 Å
Authors: Zhao H. , Schultheis M. , Rojas-Arriagada A. , Recio-Blanco A. , de Laverny P. , Kordopatis G. , Surot F.
Published: August 2021

Context.Diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are important interstellar absorption features of which the origin is still debated. With the large data sets from modern spectroscopic surveys, background stars are widely used to show how the integrated columns of DIB carriers accumulate from the Sun to great distances. To date, studies on the kinematics of the DIB carriers are still rare.

Aims.We aim to make use of the measurements from the Giraffe Inner Bulge Survey (GIBS) and theGaia–ESO survey (GES) to study the kinematics and distance of the carrier of DIBλ8620, as well as other properties.

Methods.The DIBs were detected and measured following the same procedures as in Zhao et al. (2021, A&A, 645, A14; hereafter Paper I), assuming a Gaussian profile. The median radial velocities of the DIB carriers in 38 GIBS and GES fields were used to trace their kinematics, and the median distances of the carriers in each field were estimated by the median radial velocities and two applied Galactic rotation models.

Results.We successfully detected and measured DIBλ8620 in 760 of 4117 GES spectra with |b| ≤ 10° and signal-to-noise ratio (S∕N) > 50. Combined with the DIBs measured in GIBS spectra (Paper I), we confirmed a tight relation between EW andE(J−KS) as well asAV, with similar fitting coefficients to those found by previous works. With a more accurate sample and the consideration of the solar motion, the rest-frame wavelength of DIBλ8620 was redetermined as 8620.83 Å, with a mean fit error of 0.36 Å. We studied the kinematics of the DIB carriers by tracing their median radial velocities in each field in the local standard of rest (VLSR) and into the galactocentric frame (VGC), respectively, as a function of the Galactic longitudes. Based on the medianVLSRand two Galactic rotation models, we obtained valid kinematic distances of the DIB carriers for nine GIBS and ten GES fields. We also found a linear relation between the DIBλ8620 measured in this work and the near-infrared DIB in APOGEE spectra at 1.5273 μm, and we estimated the carrier abundance to be slightly lower compared to the DIBλ15273.

Conclusions.We demonstrate that the DIB carriers can be located much closer to the observer than the background stars based on the following arguments: (i) qualitatively, the carriers occupy in the Galactic longitude–velocity diagram typical rotation velocities of stars in the local Galactic disk, while the background stars in the GIBS survey are mainly located in the Galactic bulge; (ii) quantitatively, all the derived kinematic distances of the DIB carriers are smaller than the median distances to background stars in each field. A linear correlation between DIBλ8620 and DIBλ15273 has been established, showing similar carrier abundances and making them both attractive for future studies of the interstellar environments.
Molecular cloud catalogue from 13CO (1–0) data of the Forgotten Quadrant Survey
Authors: Benedettini M. , Traficante A. , Olmi L. , Pezzuto S. , Baldeschi A. , Molinari S. , Elia D. , Schisano E. , Merello M. , Fontani F. , Rygl K. L. J. , Brand J. , Beltrán M. T. , Cesaroni R. , Liu S. J. , Testi L.
Published: August 2021

Context. New-generation spectroscopic surveys of the Milky Way plane have been revealing the structure of the interstellar medium, allowing the simultaneous study of dense structures from single star-forming objects or systems to entire spiral arms.

Aims. The good sensitivity of the new surveys and the development of dedicated algorithms now enable building extensive catalogues of molecular clouds and deriving good estimates of their physical properties. This allows studying the behaviour of these properties across the Galaxy.

Methods. We present the catalogue of molecular clouds extracted from the 13CO (1–0) data cubes of the Forgotten Quadrant Survey, which mapped the Galactic plane in the range 220° < l < 240° and −2.​​° 5 < b < 0° in 12CO (1–0) and 13CO (1–0). We compared the properties of the clouds of our catalogue with those of other catalogues.

Results. The catalogue contains 87 molecular clouds for which the main physical parameters such as area, mass, distance, velocity dispersion, and virial parameter were derived. These structures are overall less extended and less massive than the molecular clouds identified in the 12CO (1–0) data-set because they trace the brightest and densest part of the 12CO (1–0) clouds. Conversely, the distribution of aspect ratio, equivalent spherical radius, velocity dispersion, and virial parameter in the two catalogues are similar. The mean value of the mass surface density of molecular clouds is 87 ± 55 M⊙ pc−2 and is almost constant across the galactocentric radius, indicating that this parameter, which is a proxy of star formation, is mostly affected by local conditions.

Conclusions. In data of the Forgotten Quadrant Survey, we find a good agreement between the total mass and velocity dispersion of the clouds derived from 12CO (1–0) and 13CO (1–0). This is likely because in the surveyed portion of the Galactic plane, the H2 column density is not particularly high, leading to a CO emission with a not very high optical depth. This mitigates the effects of the different line opacities between the two tracers on the derived physical parameters. This is a common feature in the outer Galaxy, but our result cannot be readily generalised to the entire Milky Way because regions with higher particle density could show a different behaviour.
Detection of non-linear resonances among gravity modes of slowly pulsating B stars: Results from five iterative pre-whitening strategies
Authors: Van Beeck J. , Bowman D. M. , Pedersen M. G. , Van Reeth T. , Van Hoolst T. , Aerts C.
Published: August 2021

Context.Slowly pulsating B (SPB) stars are main-sequence multi-periodic oscillators that display non-radial gravity modes. For a fraction of these pulsators, 4-year photometric light curves obtained with theKeplerspace telescope reveal period spacing patterns from which their internal rotation and mixing can be inferred. In this inference, any direct resonant mode coupling is usually ignored.

Aims.We re-analyse the light curves of a sample of 38 knownKeplerSPB stars. For 26 of them, the internal structure, including rotation and mixing, was recently inferred from their dipole prograde oscillation modes. Our aim is to detect direct non-linear resonant mode coupling among the largest-amplitude gravity modes.

Methods.We extract up to 200 periodic signals per star with five different iterative pre-whitening strategies based on linear and non-linear regression applied to the light curves. We then identify candidate coupled gravity modes by verifying whether they fulfil resonant phase relations.

Results.For 32 of the 38 SPB stars we find at least one candidate resonance that is detected in both the linear and the best non-linear regression model fit to the light curve and involves at least one of the two largest-amplitude modes.

Conclusions.The majority of theKeplerSPB stars reveal direct non-linear resonances based on the largest-amplitude modes. These stars are thus prime targets for the non-linear asteroseismic modelling of intermediate-mass dwarfs to assess the importance of mode couplings in probing their internal physics.
The (im)possibility of strong chemical tagging
Authors: Casamiquela L. , Castro-Ginard A. , Anders F. , Soubiran C.
Published: August 2021

Context.The possibility of identifying co-natal stars that have dispersed into the Galactic disc based on chemistry alone is called strong chemical tagging. It has been debated for a long time whether this is indeed feasible; it holds the promise of reconstructing the detailed star formation history of a large fraction of stars in the Galactic disc.

Aims.We investigate the feasibility of strong chemical tagging using known member stars of open clusters.

Methods.We analysed the largest sample of cluster members that have been homogeneously characterised with high-resolution differential abundances for 16 different elements. We also investigated the possibility of finding the known clusters in the APOGEE DR16 red clump sample with 18 chemical species. For both purposes, we used a clustering algorithm and an unsupervised dimensionality reduction technique to blindly search for groups of stars in chemical space.

Results.Even if the internal coherence of the stellar abundances in the same cluster is high, typically 0.03 dex, the overlap in the chemical signatures of the clusters is large. In the sample with the highest precision and no field stars, we only recover 9 out of the 31 analysed clusters at a 40% threshold of homogeneity and precision. This ratio slightly increases when we only use clusters with 7 or more members. In the APOGEE sample, field stars are present along with four populated clusters. In this case, only one of the open clusters was moderately recovered.

Conclusions.In our best-case scenario, more than 70% of the groups of stars are in fact statistical groups that contain stars belonging to different real clusters. This indicates that the chances of recovering the majority of birth clusters dissolved in the field are slim, even with the most advanced clustering techniques. We show that different stellar birth sites can have overlapping chemical signatures, even when high-resolution abundances of many different nucleosynthesis channels are used. This is substantial evidence against the possibility of strong chemical tagging. However, we can hope to recover some particular birth clusters that stand out at the edges of the chemical distribution.
Supply chain partners' decisions with heterogeneous marketing efforts considering consumer's perception of quality
Authors: Fu Xiao , Liu Shuchun , Han Guanghua
Published: August 2021

Consumers' perceived product quality reflects their psychological estimations on product quality, which directly affected by the real product quality provided by the manufacturer and the appearance of products from the retailer. Generally, consumer's willingness-to-pay is affected by their perceived quality. This study explores how consumers' perceived quality affects supply chain decisions with different supply chain structures. To conduct this study, demand function consisted of consumers' perceived quality is built. After that, the retailer and manufacturer's revenues models are formulated. Analytical solutions of supply chain partners, i.e., optimal product quality, wholesale price, packaging investment and retail price, are obtained with Stackelberg games. Investigation on the relations between supply chain circumstances and equilibrium decisions under different supply chain power structurers suggests some novel findings and managerial insights. For example, retailer's optimal product retail price negatively affected by market demand, manufacturer's optimal product quality is proportionate to retailer's packaging investment and vice versa.
Inverse data envelopment analysis with stochastic data
Authors: Ghomi Ali , Ghobadi Saeid , Behzadi Mohammad Hassan , Rostamy-Malkhalifeh Mohsen
Published: August 2021

The inverse Data Envelopment Analysis (InvDEA) is an exciting and significant topic in the DEA area. Also, uncertain data in various real-life applications can degrade the efficiency results. The current work addresses the InvDEA in the presence of stochastic data. Under maintaining the efficiency score, the inputs/outputs-estimation problem is investigated when some or all of its outputs/inputs increase. A novel optimality concept for multiple-objective programming problems, stochastic (weak) Pareto optimality in the level of significance α ∈[0,1], is introduced to derive necessary and sufficient conditions for input/output estimation. Furthermore, the performance of the developed theory in a banking sector application is verified.
Die Medizinische Indikation – eine besondere Betrachtung zur Anwendung von Außenseiter- und Neulandmethoden
Authors: Netzer-Nawrocki Juliane
Published: August 2021

Anknüpfungspunkt für die Frage, ob eine ärztliche Leistung „medizinisch indiziert“ war, ist meist ein Streit über die Übernahme der Kosten der Behandlung. Die Krankenversicherung des Patienten – privat oder gesetzlich – stellt in Frage, dass eine durchgeführte oder geplante ärztliche Maßnahme überhaupt erforderlich ist. Dies kann sowohl anerkannte schulmedizinische Leistungen betreffen als auch die Durchführung von Außenseiter- und Neulandmethoden, denen die wissenschaftliche Anerkennung (noch) fehlt. Aber auch bei arzthaftungsrechtlichen Auseinandersetzungen kommt der medizinischen Indikation aufgrund des medizinischen Fortschritts eine wachsende Bedeutung zu. Der folgende Beitrag legt einen Schwerpunkt auf die medizinische Indikation bei Außenseiter- und Neulandmethoden und stellt die hierzu relevante Rechtsprechung dar.
Alkaloids from Lime Flower (Tiliae flos) Exert Spasmodic Activity on Murine Airway Smooth Muscle Involving Acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Hake Alexander , Symma Nico , Esch Stefan , Hensel Andreas , Düfer Martina
Published: August 2021

Lime flower (Tiliae flos) is traditionally used either for treatment of the common cold or to relieve symptoms of mental stress. Recently, the presence of a new class of piperidine and dihydro-pyrrole alkaloids from lime flower has been described. The present study aimed to investigate the pharmacological activity of hydroacetonic lime flower extracts, alkaloid-enriched lime flower fractions, and isolated alkaloids on the murine airway smooth muscle and the cholinergic system. While a hydroacetonic lime flower extract did not show any pharmacological activity, enriched Tilia alkaloid fractions potentiated acetylcholine-induced contractions of the trachea by ~ 30%, showing characteristics comparable to galanthamine. Effects were abrogated by atropine, indicating an involvement of muscarinic receptors. The dihydro-pyrrole alkaloid tiliine A, the piperidine alkaloid tiliamine B, and the acetylated piperidine alkaloid tilacetine A were characterized as
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The positive control galanthamine (IC50 = 2.0 µM, 95% CI 1.7 to 2.2 µM) was approximately 100 times more potent compared to tiliine A (IC50 = 237 µM, 95% CI 207 to 258 µM) and tiliamine B (IC50 = 172 µM, 95% CI 158 to 187 µM). Neither DNA synthesis of HepG2 liver cells, HaCaT keratinocytes, and Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells nor cell viability of primary human fibroblasts was reduced by the alkaloids. The indirect cholinergic activity of the alkaloids might explain some aspects of the traditional use of lime flowers and may extend the portfolio of compounds with regard to diseases involving parasympathetic malfunction or central cholinergic imbalance.
Arterial Thrombosis in Cancer Patients: An Update
Authors: Franchini Massimo , Tufano Antonella , Casoria Aniello , Coppola Antonio
Published: August 2021

Cancer is associated with an increased incidence of both venous thromboembolism (VTE) and arterial thrombosis (cardiovascular events and ischemic stroke). Cancer-associated arterial thrombotic events are less well studied than VTE, but increasingly recognized, particularly in specific malignancies and in association with specific anticancer therapies. The pathogenesis of arterial thrombotic events in cancer is complex and involves generation of tumor-associated procoagulant factors and a variety of alterations in platelet function as well as in the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, and endothelial injury and dysfunction, that combine to produce hypercoagulability. The multifactorial interaction between this prothrombotic state, the individual cardiovascular risk, advanced age and presence of comorbidities, and the specific neoplasm characteristics and therapy, may induce the vascular events. Recent studies based on population databases and prospective or retrospective analyses with prolonged follow-up highlight that cancer patients experience an increased (approximately 1.5–2-fold) risk of both cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events compared with noncancer individuals, which peaks in the time period of the diagnosis of cancer but may persist for years. Beyond the type of cancer, the risk reflects the tumor burden, being higher in advanced stages and metastatic cancers. The occurrence of arterial thromboembolic events is also associated with increased overall mortality. We here present an update of the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical evidence, and treatment considerations on cancer-associated arterial thrombosis, in the light of the need for specific multidisciplinary prevention and surveillance strategies in this setting, in the frame of cardio-oncology approaches.
Promoting the Conduct of Medical Education Journal Clubs in Teaching Medical Institutions
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh R. , Shrivastava Prateek S.
Published: August 2021

Background A critical appraisal of a research article as a part of journal club sessions is an essential aspect of postgraduate training across different medical institutions in varied settings. The purpose of the current review was to explore the merits of medical education journal clubs and identify the potential factors that need to be considered for conducting these journal clubs in medical institutions.

Methods An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was performed in the PubMed search engine and a total of 51 studies were included in the review based on the suitability with the current review objectives. Keywords used in the search include medical education journal clubs in the title only (viz., journal club [ti] AND medical education [ti]; medical education journal clubs [ti]; journal club [ti]). The articles published in English language only were included in the review.

Results Regardless of the extensive employment of the journal clubs in different medical specialties, it is quite alarming to note that not many institutions conduct journal clubs targeting the field of medical education. These sessions offer a unique opportunity to the participants to assess the literature in a supportive fashion and play a defining role in ensuring better quality health care teachings to the medical students. However, we must understand that the successful conduct of medical education journal clubs requires specific considerations and groundwork, so that the students may benefit.

Conclusion In conclusion, the medical education journal clubs have not been frequently conducted, as more preference has been given to the subject-specialty journal clubs. However, considering the scope and benefits that journal clubs add to improve teaching, all medical institutions should advocate to conduct medical education journal clubs within their premises in a structured manner.
Intrapartum Fetal Electrocardiogram in Small- and Large-for-Gestational Age Fetuses
Authors: Braginsky Lena , Weiner Steven J. , Saade George R. , Varner Michael W. , Blackwell Sean C. , Reddy Uma M. , Thorp John M. , Tita Alan T.N. , Miller Russell S. , McKenna David S. , Chien Edward K.S. , Rouse Dwight J. , El-Sayed Yasser Y. , Sorokin Yoram , Caritis Steve N. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network
Published: August 2021

Objective This study aimed to evaluate whether intrapartum fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) tracings with ST-elevation or depression occur more frequently in each stage of labor in small-for-gestational age (SGA) or large-for-gestational age (LGA), as compared with appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) fetuses.

Study Design We conducted a secondary analysis of a large, multicenter trial in which laboring patients underwent fetal ECG waveform-analysis. We excluded participants with diabetes mellitus and major fetal anomalies. Birth weight was categorized as SGA (<10th percentile), LGA (>90th percentile), or AGA (10–90th percentile) by using a gender and race/ethnicity specific nomogram. In adjusted analyses, the frequency of ECG tracings with ST-depression or ST-elevation without depression was compared according to birthweight categories and labor stage.

Results Our study included 4,971 laboring patients in the first stage and 4,074 in the second stage. During the first stage of labor, there were no differences in the frequency of ST-depression in SGA fetuses compared with AGA fetuses (6.7 vs. 5.5%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93–2.13), or in ST-elevation without depression (35.8 vs. 34.1%; aOR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.94–1.46). During the second stage, there were no differences in the frequency of ST-depression in SGA fetuses compared with AGA fetuses (1.6 vs. 2.0%; aOR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.27–1.73), or in ST-elevation without depression (16.2 vs. 18.1%; aOR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.67–1.22). During the first stage of labor, there were no differences in the frequency of ST-depression in LGA fetuses compared with AGA fetuses (6.3 vs. 5.5%; aOR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.60–1.57), or in ST-elevation without depression (33.1 vs. 34.1%; aOR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.62–1.03); during the second stage of labor, the frequency of ST-depression in LGA compared with AGA fetuses (2.5 vs. 2.0%, aOR: 1.36, 95% CI: 0.61–3.03), and in ST-elevation without depression (15.5 vs. 18.1%; aOR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.58–1.18) were similar as well.

Conclusion The frequency of intrapartum fetal ECG tracings with ST-events is similar among SGA, AGA, and LGA fetuses.

Key Points
The personalization of party politics in Western Europe (1985–2016): evidence from an expert survey
Authors: Marino Bruno , Martocchia Diodati Nicola , Verzichelli Luca
Published: August 2021

The personalization of politics has been extensively studied from different angles and in different national contexts. Nonetheless, an easily comparable and longitudinal study of the personalization of politics at both the country and the party levels is still missing. In this article, we fill this gap by presenting data from an expert survey on the personalization of politics for around 110 parties and a series of Western European countries from the mid-1980s to the mid-2010s. The dimensions analyzed concern the impact of the personalization of politics in general elections, and also party leaders' room for maneuver in candidate selection, the definition of the party's policy-making agenda, and party leaders’ intra-party control. Different reliability tests confirm the goodness of the data collected. At the same time, first descriptive analyses show that there has not been a homogenous diffusion of this phenomenon in Western Europe, and diverging personalization trends are present for different groups of countries or different dimensions of this phenomenon.
Review of dispersal attempts at flying-fox camps in Australia
Authors: Roberts Billie J. , Mo Matthew , Roache Mike , Eby Peggy
Published: August 2021

The permanent exclusion of flying-foxes from camps (camp dispersal) near human settlements is a management tool commonly used to mitigate human–wildlife conflict. We summarised information on the costs and outcomes of 48 camp dispersals in Australia. Our aim was to improve the information base on which camp management decisions are made. Camp dispersals were largely triggered by impacts on neighbouring residents (75%). A disproportionately high number occurred in 2013–14, associated with changes in Queensland flying-fox management policy following an increase in the number of urban camps. Repeat actions over months or years were typically required to exclude flying-foxes from camps (58%). In 88% of cases, replacement camps formed within 1 km and became sites of transferred conflict. Only 23% of dispersal attempts were successful in resolving conflict for communities, generally after extensive destruction of roost habitat. Costs were poorly documented, although no dispersal attempt costing less than AU$250 000 proved successful. We conclude that camp dispersal is a high-risk, high-cost tool for mitigating human–wildlife conflict, in situ management strategies and tools should be developed, evidence-based information on management options should be made available to stakeholders via a nationally curated resource library, and research is required on impacts of camp management practices on flying-foxes.
The mediating role of prosocial and antisocial behaviors between team trust and sport commitment in college basketball players
Authors: Tsai Chi‐Lun , Ju Jie , Chen Zuosong
Published: August 2021

Considering the popularity and particularity of basketball, the athletes face a potential “Sport Commitment Crisis” due to immense pressures from academics, training, employment, and college. To date, research in sports has demonstrated the relationship between coach trust and sport commitment; however, the relationship among teammates is yet to be explored. We examined whether teammate trust is related to commitment and if prosocial and antisocial behaviors mediate these relationships. Right before a game, the college basketball players (N = 570) were asked to complete a multi‐section questionnaire measuring the aforementioned variables. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that athletes’ perceptions of their teammates’ trust were positively related to their sport commitment, and these relationships were mediated by teammate prosocial behavior. In contrast, antisocial behavior did not affect their relationship. The findings suggest that teammate trust could facilitate sport commitment in athletes, which could occur via prosocial behavior.

Highlights

Current college athletes face multiple pressures such as academics, sports training, and future employment, which cause their continuous participation in sports training and competitions to be shaken, resulting in a decline in sport commitment. This study starts from the perspective of team atmosphere and peer behavior, and selects college basketball players on a large scale in China, because basketball is popular among Chinese college students and has brought greater social attention. In the process of playing basketball, the interaction between members is high, and the emotional factor with teammates is even more important. Therefore, the choice of research participants is also one of the advantages of this paper.