bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Best Practices for High-Temperature Gas Well Abandonment Plugs
Authors: Khan Anum Yousuf , Salazar Jose , Bogaerts Martijn , Rashdi Issa , Wardi Yasser Al , Habsi Younis , Bahri Salim Al , Noumani Abdullah Al , Parasher Mukesh , ElShaarawey Ahmed , Hinai Mohammed Al , Mughairy Mohammed AL
Published: May 2024

Wellbore abandonment in high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) wells is an exceptionally challenging operation in the drilling phase because it must satisfy the abandonment criteria but also must ensure that the placement and pullout of the cement plug occurs without obstructions. In this paper we aim to detail the best practices acquired for placing cement plugs under such well conditions.

Our methods cover both slurry design and placement practices. Instead of having multiple diameter shifts, the placement pipe was selected to minimize contamination. Best practices for plug pull out of hole (POOH) included calibrating the openhole diameter to ensure the displacement was accurate. For the fluid designs, not only were density and fraction hierarchies followed, but the important step was ensuring fluid compatibility in downhole conditions. Being a gas well and with exposed flow zones in the open hole, the plug had to be designed as gas tight. HPHT gas-tight cement must present stability at HPHT downhole conditions to prevent any potential settling or free fluid that can compromise its performance. Fluid loss and thickening time properties are tailored accordingly, with tight fluid loss control below 50 mL/30 min API and enough safety margin for a challenging environment. The cement spacer also is a crucial fluid in the cement plug placement to prevent contamination of the cement slurry and provide the proper density and rheology hierarchy for mud displacement but is easy to be displaced by the cement slurry.

Many of the design inputs were verified with execution. First, the POOH fluid levels indicated the caliper assumptions were correct. This was further verified with the returns data post-job circulation. The cement tag after wait on cement (WOC) assured us of the contamination simulation outputs, as the cement was tagged on the desired depth and the well was stable.

We will cover the details of additives and simulations that aided in ensuring the HPHT cement plug design met objectives. By applying the entailed best practices, this execution was the first successful abandonment for a deep gas well for the Amin Formation in Block 60.
Case Study-Abnormal Delay in Project Completion
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev
Published: May 2024

A project is a temporary endeavor required to be completed on schedule to have a win-win situation for all stakeholders. Delay in project completion always leads to financial stress for most stakeholders, and the project is not considered successful. Every project is unique and has a set of distinctive challenges to deal with during the execution of the project. The case study is about an unorthodox delay in one of the major projects executed in Kuwait by a multinational contractor. This case study reviews the entire project execution- detailed design to commissioning and tries to jot down possible reasons for the delay. It also concentrates on probable remedial action/suggestions to avoid these reasons to have a successful project.
A Data-Driven Approach for Hydraulic Fracturing Simulation in Shale Based on Time-Series Images of Fracture Propagation
Authors: Zhao Mingze , Yuan Bin , Zhang Wei , Han Mingliang
Published: May 2024

Optimizing the hydraulic fracturing design requires efficient and accurate simulation of fracture propagation. However, traditional numerical methods are computationally expensive due to the solution of coupled differential equations, and the simulation accuracy may be reduced by the uncertainty of the input parameters (e.g., rock mechanical and fluid properties). To address these issues, this paper proposes a deep-learning-based approach to improve both the efficiency and accuracy of fracturing simulation in shale.

This study develops a novel method integrating Feedforward neural network (FNN) and ConvLSTM to predict fracture propagation in shale. We concatenate the well position images, natural fracture images, and the time-series images of fracture propagation, and use FNN to extract the features of reservoir properties and pumping schedules at each timestep as the input of model. Then, the ConvLSTM network is utilized to extract and fuse features from natural fractures, wellbore locations, and the features extracted by FNN. Data preprocessing techniques are employed improve data quality through cleaning and normalization.

Fracture propagation images, wellbore images, natural fracture images, and pumping schedules for hydraulic fracturing were generated using fine-grid hydraulic fracturing simulation. Based on the various settings of different geologic and operational parameters, a dataset with over 1 million samples was established by collecting the fracture propagation image at each frame. The proposed model predicts the fracture morphology images in the next 5 frames based on the fracture propagation history image of the previous 1 frame. The model was evaluated using Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Frame Mean Absolute Error (FMAE). To expedite model training convergence, the Scheduled Sampling technique was incorporated. After 500 iterations of training, the model demonstrated an MSE less than 15×10-5, a maximum SSIM of 0.90, and an average FMAE below 50. In comparison with traditional fracturing simulation using the finite element method, the proposed data-driven method demonstrated a 60% improvement in simulation efficiency.

The main value of this work lies in the development of a new data-driven and mesh-free method for predicting fracture morphology, which eliminates the numerical computation issues so that fast and accurate predictions of fracture propagation can be achieved. Without the heavy computational cost in the traditional fracturing simulation, the developed workflow can be integrated with reservoir simulation and optimization algorithms to perform fast and reliable optimization of fracturing design.
Sh_Pyroil for a Cost-Effective and Rapid Geochemical Pyrolysis Technique for Direct Hydrocarbon Saturation So Evaluation
Authors: Koksalan T. , Hanif R. , Ahsan S. A.
Published: May 2024

In carbonate and clastic reservoirs, determining the saturation levels based on log interpretation can be difficult. The traditional method of deriving saturation values using Archie's equation involves measuring "a," "m," and "n" factors on samples that are highly variable within a core. However, this approach assumes constant values for these factors throughout the entire reservoir section or a given rock type, leading to inaccurate hydrocarbon saturation measurements and impacting volume estimations. We propose an alternative solution that is real-time, cost-effective, and provides high confidence in identifying sweet spots for selecting perforation zones in a vertical well and plugging high water saturation zones in a horizontal well.

Our solution involves a modified pyrolysis technique, which we refer to as "Sh_Pyroil." This technique enables the rapid (within 3 minutes) and low-cost measurement of direct hydrocarbon saturation. Sh_Pyroil is quantified in milligrams of hydrocarbons per gram of rock weight (mg HC/g rock) and can be easily converted into a percentage value for hydrocarbon saturation. To test the efficacy of this technique, we used modified pyrolysis on 90 core plugs extracted from dense and oil-bearing zones at one-foot intervals.

The objective of our study was to compare the hydrocarbon saturation values obtained through thermally extracted core analysis using Sh_Pyroil with the saturation values derived from log interpretation (Archie's equation). This comparison allowed us to assess the applicability of Sh_Pyroil as a rapid, cost-effective, and high-confidence tool for directly measuring hydrocarbon saturation. Furthermore, the use of Sh_Pyroil can assist in making time-sensitive drilling and completion decisions, such as selecting optimal perforation zones and identifying high water saturation zones for plugging. Additionally, it can help in keeping horizontal wells within sweet spots and in estimating in-place hydrocarbon volumes in both conventional and unconventional reservoirs.
Study on Wellbore Stability of Shale Formation Based on Three-Dimensional Weak Plane Strength Criterion
Authors: Gao Jiajia , Bian Gengchen , Lin Hai , Zhang Binqi , Wang Zhe , Chen Fuzhi , Yang Weidong
Published: May 2024

Deep formation rich in the weak plane (bedding, micro-fractures) has strong strength anisotropy and is the internal control factor of frequent wellbore instability of the long horizontal section of shale gas wells, which seriously restricts the realization of improving drilling quality and efficiency. The conventional single plane or multi planes of weakness criterion only considers the pseudo-triaxial loading state (σ2 = σ3) or the loading direction of the intermediate principal stress σ2 coincides with the failure plane of weakness. Based on the theory of elastic mechanics and the Mogi-Coulomb shear failure criterion, this paper establishes the rock strength criterion considering the influence of the weak plane and three-dimensional stress loading. One analyzes the influence of three-dimensional stress on the strength of rock possessing parallel plane of weakness, the variation of equivalent density of wellbore collapse pressure in different time domains, and the influence of wellbore trajectory on wellbore stability considering different occurrences of the weak plane. The results show the obvious influence of intermediate principal stress on the failure of the rock matrix and the weak plane. The strength of the rock matrix first increases and then decreases with the increasing σ2. At a given small dip azimuth angle, the rock strength is controlled by the rock matrix and the weak plane for smaller σ2, while the rock strength is completely controlled by the rock matrix for larger σ2. The strength of the weak plane does not depend on σ2 where the dip azimuth angle coincides with the failure plane of weakness. At a given σ2, the range of failure angle of the weak plane gradually increases with the increasing dip azimuth angle. At a given minimum principal stress σ3, the apparent strength of the rock matrix increases with the increasing σ2. The larger angle between the borehole axis and the normal direction of the weak plane weakens the wellbore stability related to borehole collapse. Besides, the magnitude of the time-dependent equivalent density of collapse pressure descends in short-time, modified instantaneous, long-time, instantaneous, and elastic ones. Introduction of the influence of three-dimensional stress on the strength of rock possessing parallel plane of weakness and time-dependent stress and pore pressure solutions around a borehole is conducive to improving the prediction accuracy of equivalent density of collapse pressure and can help solve the problem of wellbore collapse in complex shale formations.
Red Mud-Based Geopolymer Cement for Sustainable Oil Well Construction: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Mahmoud Ahmed Abdulhamid , Abdelaal Ahmed , Elkatatny Salaheldin , Shehri Dhafer Al
Published: May 2024

Red mud is a waste byproduct of aluminum production that can pose significant environmental challenges. However, recent studies have shown that red mud can be used as a raw material for geopolymer cement for construction purposes, which could also potentially have applications in the oil and gas industry. This paper aims to review the potential of red mud-based geopolymer cement for use in oil and gas wells, including its chances, possibilities, and complications. Geopolymer cement has several advantages over traditional Portland cement, including lower carbon emissions, improved durability, and higher resistance to chemical attack. However, the production of geopolymer cement typically requires the use of high-quality raw materials, which can be expensive and may not be readily available in all locations. Red mud is a waste material that is generated during the extraction of alumina from bauxite ore. Red mud contains significant amounts of alumina, silica, and iron oxide, which are the primary components for geopolymer cement production. Consequently, red mud possesses the potential to be a low-cost and readily available source of raw materials for geopolymer production. Many research studies have explored the application of geopolymer cement derived from red mud for diverse purposes, including construction materials, wastewater treatment, and soil stabilization. However, red mud-based geopolymers for oil and gas wells are relatively unexplored. Oil and gas wells require cement with high compressive strength, low permeability, and resistance to high temperatures and aggressive chemicals. Therefore, the potential of red mud-based geopolymer cement to be used in oil and gas wells is an interesting topic for further investigation. This paper reviews some existing literature on the use of red mud-based geopolymer cement and its potential applications for well cementing. The review will focus on the key properties of red mud-based geopolymer cement. The review will also discuss the challenges and complications accompanying the use of red mud-based geopolymer cement in oil wells, such as the potential for corrosion and the effects of different types of oilfield fluids on the cement properties. In conclusion, red mud-based geopolymer cement has the potential to be a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional Portland cement in oil and gas wells. However, further research is needed to fully evaluate the suitability of red mud to be incorporated in well cementing, and to address the challenges and complications associated with this application.
Case analysis of 24 cases of Oxyntic gland neoplasm of the stomach
Authors: Xie Xinyuan , Zhang Yahan , Sun Jianhui , Liu Yangcheng , Yang Gang
Published: May 2024

Background:Stomach oxyntic gland neoplasms such as oxyntic gland adenoma (OGA) and gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type (GA-FG) have been included in the World Health Organization's List of Digestive System-related Malignancies in 2019. Due to the rare occurrence of the disease, some patients have been diagnosed incorrectly in certain clinical settings. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological aspects of Stomach oxyntic gland neoplasms by retrospectively examining clinical features, endoscopic evidence, and pathological findings to aid future clinical diagnosis.Materials and methods:A total of 45 patients with verified diagnoses of OGA and GA-FG, as well as other benign lesions were collected from a similar time duration. Patients were divided into three groups and their clinical course was studied both prospectively and retrospectively. Clinical information, including endoscopic characteristics, pathological appearance, and immunohistochemistry for MUC5AC, MUC6, CDX2, KI-67, and P53, SYN, and CgA, were analyzed in detail.Materials and methods:A total of 45 patients with verified diagnoses of OGA and GA-FG, as well as other benign lesions from the same time period, were collected from the researchers and separated into three groups, with the clinical course of all patients being studied prospectively and retrospectively. This involved comparing and analyzing available clinical information, endoscopic characteristics, pathological appearance, and immunohistochemistry for MUC5AC, MUC6, CDX2, KI-67, and P53, SYN, and CgA.Results:The 45 patients' clinical and pathologic data were divided into three groups, 18 OGA patients, 6 GA-FG patients, and 21 patients with other benign lesions. All lesions were multi-evidence confirmed. Narrow-band imaging endoscopy characterized GA-FG with the absence of clear margins. Fluorescent stain of MUC6 positively, MUC2 negatively expressed specimens further confirmed OGA and GA-FG cases. In our comparison of the three groups, gender,Hpinfection, and endoscopic subepithelial changes were statistically significant among the three groups. We also observed the expression differences between groups in some hall markers. While there was no overexpression of P53, and the Ki-67 labeling index varied between 4.6% and 8% in GA-FG and OGA cases. In addition, lymphatic and vascular infiltration confirmed metastasis and recurrence were not detected in any of the cases.Conclusion:Overall, this study reports 24 cases of Stomach oxyntic gland neoplasms. While most clinical variables align with previous reports, a few of them, such as gender bias, were observed among the three groups in this study. Other key features, such as endoscopy, the hall marker stating, and treatment methods, were characterized throughout this study.
The Role of CDCA3 in Disulfidptosis: Implications for Breast Cancer Cell Viability and Treatment
Authors: chen minbin , wang anran , Zhu Xiaoren , zhu xaioren , Liu Yuanyuan , Wu YuJiao , Xue MengEn
Published: May 2024

"Disulfidptosis" is a novel concept, primarily characterized by the depletion of intracellular NADPH during glucose deprivation, leading to the accumulation of disulfides. This accumulation triggers disulfide stress, breakdown of the actin cytoskeleton, and ultimately, cell death. Breast cancer, being a highly prevalent cancer type, requires a substantial amount of glucose for its rapid growth and division. Glucose deprivation induces rapid cell death, possibly associated with the process of disulfidptosis. In this study, we developed a novel signature based on 10 machine learning algorithms integration. Compared to the traditional TNM staging, this new predictive model demonstrates superior predictive capabilities. Among the 13 genes included in the signature, CDCA3, a cell cycle-regulating protein, is expressed at higher levels in breast cancer. Our experiments indicate that breast cancer cells (SKBR-3 and MCF-7 lines) with downregulated expression of CDCA3 through shRNA exhibit reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities compared to the WT cells. Conversely, breast cancer cells with forced overexpression of CDCA3 show enhanced growth and mobility. Moreover, observations of primary and immortalized breast cancer cells in a glucose-deprived environment reveal that overexpressing CDCA3 can slow down the process of cell cytoskeleton contraction under starvation conditions, while knockdown CDCA3 accelerates this change. In conclusion, CDCA3, associated with the process of disulfidptosis, may represent a new target for breast cancer treatment.
Revealing the Microscopic Mechanism of Elementary Vortex Pinning in Superconductors
Authors: Zhang Tong , Chen Chen , Liu Yue , Chen Yun , Hu Yining , Zhang Tianzhen , Li Dong , Wang Xu , Wang Chenxi , Lu Zouyouwei , Zhang Yuhang , Zhang Qingle , Dong Xiaoli , Wang Rui , Feng Donglai
Published: May 2024

Vortex pinning is a crucial factor that determines the critical current of practical superconductors and enables their diverse applications. However, the underlying mechanism of vortex pinning has long been elusive without a clear microscopic description1,2. Here using high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy, we studied single vortex pinning induced by point defect in layered FeSe-based superconductors. We found the defect-vortex interaction drives low-energy vortex bound states away from EF, resulting a “mini” gap which effectively lowered the system energy and caused the pinning. By measuring the local density-of-states, we directly obtained the elementary pinning energy and estimated the pinning force through the spatial gradient of pinning energy. The results align with the bulk critical current measurement. We further show that a general microscopic quantum model with considering defect-vortex interaction can naturally capture our observation. It indicates the local pairing near pinned vortex core is actually enhanced, which is beyond the traditional understanding that non- superconducting regions pin vortices1-3. Our study thus reveals a general microscopic mechanism of vortex pinning in superconductors, and provides guidance for enhancing the critical current of real superconductors.
Accuracy of deep learning-based attenuation correction in 99mTc-GSA SPECT/CT hepatic imaging
Authors: Miyai Masahiro , Fukui Ryohei , Nakashima Masahiro , Hasegawa Daisuke , Goto Sachiko
Published: May 2024

Objective
The aim of this study was to generate pseudo CT images for attenuation correction (AC) from non-AC SPECT images and evaluate the accuracy of deep learning-based AC in 99mTc-labeled galactosyl human serum albumin (99mTc-GSA) SPECT/CT hepatic imaging.
Methods
A cycle-consistent generative network (CycleGAN) was used to generate pseudo CT images of 40 patients with normal liver function. The test cohort consisted of one patient with normal liver function and one patient with abnormal liver function. SPECT images were reconstructed without AC (SPECTNC), with conventional CTAC (SPECTCTAC), and with deep learning-based AC using pseudo CT images (SPECTGAN). The accuracy of each AC method was evaluated using the total liver count and the structural similarity index (SSIM) of SPECTCTAC and SPECTGAN. The coefficient of variation (%CV) was used to assess uniformity.
Results
The total liver counts in SPECTGAN were significantly improved over those in SPECTNC and differed from those of SPECTCTAC by approximately 7% in both patients. The %CV values in SPECTCTAC and SPECTGAN were significantly lower than those in SPECTNC. The mean SSIM values in SPECTCTAC and SPECTGAN for patients with normal and abnormal liver functions were 0.985 ± 0.00189 and 0.977 ± 0.00191, respectively.
Conclusions
The accuracy of AC with a deep learning-based method was similarly performed as the conventional CTAC method. Our proposed method used only non-AC SPECT images for AC, which has great potential to reduce patient exposure by eliminating real CT examination.
5' UTR variant in NDP gene leads to incorrect splicing and Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Liu Siping , Xiong Ke , Jiang Xin , Tang Lijun , Chen Leyi , Li Yihong , Jia Bei
Published: May 2024

Background
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous ophthalmic disease that is characterized by incomplete retinal vascular development. NDP gene is the main cause reason of X-linked FEVR.
Methods
Copy Number Variation Sequencing, chromosomal microarray, Whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed to find and confirm the candidate variant. The functional effect of the candidate variant was further investigated in HEK293 and HeLa cells with pcMINI and pcMINI-N vectors by minigene splicing assay in vitro. Summary of known pathogenic variants in the 5′-untranslated regions (5’UTR) of the NDP gene and their clinical characteristics.
Results
Whole exome sequencing identified a novel hemizygous 5' UTR variant (NM_000266.4: c.-167_-166delinsAAGG) in the NDP gene. Sanger sequencing confirmed this variant was co-segregated with FEVR in the family. Minigene splicing assay verified that this variant leaded to part of deletions in exon 2. Pathogenic variations in the 5’UTR were distributed in three types: 1. indels in dipyrimidine repeats (exon1); 2. variants in splice region (intron 1); 3. variants in exon2 (5'UTR). Most patients (5/8) with variations in dipyrimidine repeats region were diagnosed with ROP, while Patients (4/6) with splice-site variants in intron 1 were mainly diagnosed with ND and all patients (7/7) with variations in exon2 (5'UTR region) were diagnosed with FEVR.
Conclusions
Our study identified a likely pathogenic variant in 5'UTR of NDP gene and validated it affected splicing of NDP. Our analysis also found the correlation between the location of the variations in 5'UTR and disease, provided assistance in prognosis of disease.
Efficacy, Safety, and Impact of Fluorescein in Frameless Stereotactic Needle Biopsies – A Case Series
Authors: Dellaretti Marcos , Lima Franklin Bernardes Faraj , de Sena Pedro Henrique Velasco Pondé , Figueiredo Hian P. G. , Gomes Fernando Cotrim , Faria Barbara Caroline Dias , Almeida Julio César
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Stereotactic needle biopsy stands as a crucial method for diagnosing intracranial lesions unsuitable for surgical intervention. Nonetheless, the potential for sampling errors necessitates innovative approaches to enhance diagnostic precision. This study contrasts the outcomes of patients undergoing fluorescein-assisted frameless stereotactic needle biopsy with those receiving traditional biopsies to evaluate the impact on diagnostic accuracy and safety.
Materials and Methods: This study included patients with contrast-enhancing intracranial lesions, comprising a prospective group undergoing fluorescein-assisted biopsies and a retrospective group undergoing conventional biopsies at the same institution. We've collected data on demographics, procedural specifics, diagnostic outcomes, and postoperative events.
Results: A comparative analysis involved 43 patients who received fluorescein-assisted biopsies against 77 patients who underwent conventional biopsies. The average age was 60.5 years. The fluorescein group exhibited a 93% success rate in diagnosis, markedly higher than the 70.1% in the non-fluorescein group (Odds Ratio = 5.67; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.59-20.24; p=0.0074). The rate of complications was statistically similar across both cohorts. Discussion: Despite its established value, stereotactic needle biopsy is susceptible to inaccuracies and complications. The application of fluorescence-based adjuncts like 5-ALA and fluorescein has been investigated to improve diagnostic fidelity and reduce risks. These technologies potentially minimize the necessity for multiple biopsies, decrease surgical duration, and provide immediate verification of tumor presence.
Conclusion: Fluorescein-assisted stereotactic biopsy emerges as an effective, secure alternative to conventional methods.
Single-cell hdWGCNA reveals Metastatic protective macrophages and development of deep learning model in uveal melanoma
Authors: Sun Yifang , Wu Jian , Zhang Qian , Wang Pengzhen , Zhang Jinglin , Yuan Yonggang
Published: May 2024

Background: Although there has been some progress in the treatment of primary uveal melanoma (UVM), distant metastasis remains the leading cause of death in patients. Monitoring, staging, and treatment of metastatic disease have not yet reached consensus. Although more than half of metastatic tumors (62%) are diagnosed within five years after primary tumor treatment, the remainder are only detected in the following 25 years. The mechanisms of UVM metastasis and its impact on prognosis are not yet fully understood.
Methods: scRNA-seq data of UVM samples were obtained and processed, followed by cell type identification and characterization of macrophage subpopulations. High-dimensional weighted gene co-expression network analysis (HdWGCNA) was performed to identify key gene modules associated with metastatic protective macrophages (MPMφ) in primary samples, and functional analyses were conducted. Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) clustering and immune cell infiltration analyses were performed using the MPMφ gene signatures. Machine learning models were developed using the identified metastatic protective macrophages related genes (MPMRGs) to distinguish primary from metastatic patients. A deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) model was constructed based on MPMRGs and cell type associations. Lastly, a prognostic model was established using theMPMRGs and validated in independent cohorts.
Results: Single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed a unique immune microenvironment landscape in primary samples compared to metastatic samples, with an enrichment of macrophage cells. Using HdWGCNA, MPMφ and marker genes were identified. Functional analysis showed an enrichment of genes related to antigen processing progress and immune response. Machine learning and deep learning models based on key genes showed significant effectiveness in distinguishing between primary and metastatic patients. The prognostic model based on key genes demonstrated substantial predictive value for the survival of UVM patients.
Conclusion: Our study identified key macrophage subpopulations related to metastatic samples, which have a profound impact on shaping the tumor immune microenvironment. A prognostic model based on macrophage cell genes can be used to predict the prognosis of UVM patients.
Electroencephalogram Based Music Interventions on Obstructive Sleep Apnea using Brain Connectivity Analysis
Authors: J Rajeswari , S Navaneethan , Sreedha Siva Satya , M Jagannath
Published: May 2024

Sleep apnea is a disorder that represents the blockage of air in the upper airway while sleeping. It affects regular breathing repeatedly and poses potential risks. In this proposed study, brain connectivity analysis has been monitored using Indian Carnatic music in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. This study utilized 12 participants who underwent electroencephalogram (EEG) recording in two sessions, with no music and with music 1 (Neelambari) and music 2 (Kapi). After the pre-processing, the EEG signal bands were separated using wavelet packet decomposition (WPD). The absolute values of wavelet coefficients were used to analyze the brain connectivity patterns on both music and no music conditions. Compared to no music, Neelambari's music condition resulted in improved right-hemispheric effective connectivity between the frontal and temporal (F8 and T8) "executive" nodes. The correlation value of the beta band (0.943 & 0.998) and delta band (0.945 & 0.999), respectively, where the moderate right-hemispheric connectivity has been noted among regions in the theta (0.746 & 0.996) and alpha band (0.746 & 0.996). In no music condition, there is moderate right and left hemispheric connection between the frontal and temporal nodes in the delta (0.853 & 0.999) and beta band (0.885 to 0.993). In contrast, there is reduced connectivity in the theta (0.603 & 0.688) and alpha band (0.6883 to 0.9913). This proposed study conveyed that effective connectivity was noted in the Neelambari music condition compared to no music.
Preparation of Environmentally Responsive PDA&DOX@LAC Live Drug Carrier for synergistic tumor therapy
Authors: Liu Lu , Zhao Xuefen
Published: May 2024

The development of intelligent, environmentally responsive, and biocompatible photothermal system holds significant importance for the photothermal combined therapy of tumors. In this study, inspired by lactobacillus, we prepared a biomimetic nanoplatform, PDA&DOX@LAC, for tumor photothermal-chemotherapy by integrating the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) with dopamine through oxidative polymerization to form polydopamine on the surface of LAC. The PDA&DOX@LAC nanoplatform not only achieves precise and controlled release of DOX based on the slightly acidic microenvironment of tumor tissues, but also exhibits enzyme-like properties to alleviate tumor hypoxia. Under near-infrared light irradiation, it effectively induces photothermal ablation of tumor cells, enhances cellular uptake of DOX with increasing temperature, and thus efficiently inhibits tumor cell growth. Moreover, in vivo experiments further confirmed that photothermal therapy combined with PDA&DOX@LAC induces tumor cells apoptosis, releases tumor-associated antigens, and is engulfed by dendritic cells, activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes, thereby effectively suppressing tumor growth and prolonging the survival period of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, the PDA&DOX@LAC nanoplatform holds immense potential in precise tumor targeting and photothermal combined therapy, providing valuable insights and theoretical foundations for the development of novel tumor treatment strategies based on endogenous substances within the body.
WikiChain: An Improved Resilient, Pseudo-Transparent Knowledge Base
Authors: J Chandra Priya , Priyadharsini S , M Madhavan , She Nikil Sri
Published: May 2024

The traditional centralized knowledge base paradigm, exemplified by platforms like Wikipedia, grapples with numerous challenges like a solitary point of collapse, issues related to transparency, and potential integrity concerns in articles. To address these shortcomings, an innovative blockchain-enabled alternative is proposed which leverages the inherent features of transparency and decentralization offered by blockchain technology. This system ensures a secure and tamper-proof recording of articles by capitalizing on the unique attributes of blockchain. However, the integration of blockchain alone does not completely eradicate challenges, as instances of vandalism persist, and a robust validation process for articles within the system is lacking. To overcome these issues, our research aims to proactively prevent the inclusion of falsified articles by implementing a consortium blockchain by utilizing Contenders Selection (CS) and Dynamic Consortium Membership Determination (DCMD) algorithms. Furthermore, we address the challenge of missing articles from the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) using Proof-of-Existence (POE) algorithm. This holistic solution is designed to significantly enhance the efficiency of the system and elevate the overall quality of articles. Our research presents promising results, with the percentage of approved articles compared to proposed articles falling within the range of 10% to 15%. Consequently, the data volume of the blockchain network in our system is 66.7% more effective than the existing decentralized Wikipedia model. Notably, the average block time of our proposed system exhibits a commendable 21% improvement compared to the existing system, emphasizing the potential for increased efficiency and reliability in our blockchain-enabled knowledge base.
Research on Hyperspectral Image Reconstruction Based on Spatial Attention and Channel Attention
Authors: Li Gong , Wan Gang
Published: May 2024

Hyperspectral images contain more information than RGB images and theoretically have a wider range of applications. However, they are limited by the high cost of hyperspectral imaging equipment, complex data processing, and other issues. Currently, they are mainly used in remote sensing, military applications, astronomy, and other specific fields. In recent years, scholars have proposed using mathematical methods to reconstruct hyperspectral images from RGB images, which can significantly expand the application scope of spectral imaging. Hyperspectral image reconstruction is enhanced by incorporating spatial attention and channel attention. This addresses the challenge of capturing global context features and addressing the lack of correlation information within channels. The addition of a spatial attention model and a channel attention model to the hollow convolution residuals results in the calculation of a shared attention weight vector for all spatial locations with minimal parameters, establishing dependency between different channels. Experimental results demonstrate that both the spatial attention model and the channel attention model effectively enhance feature extraction ability, leading to significant reduction in reconstruction error when used together.
Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Intra-articular Injection of High versus Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid in Idiopathic Adhesive Capsulitis; A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Mir Mahshad , Mohebbi Rezvaneh , Mohammadnezhad Ghader , Raeissadat Ahmad , Parhizgar Alireza , Esmaily Hadi
Published: May 2024

Background: Adhesive capsulitis (AC) of the shoulder is an inflammatory condition with pain and limitation in range of motion (ROM) in the glenohumeral joint. The main goal in managing AC is pain reduction and returning the joint function. Intra-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) has recently been considered as a safe modality in AC. However, the clinical properties of HA are associated with its molecular weight. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of intra-articular injection of low molecular weight (LMW) with high molecular weight (HMW) HA in patients with AC.
Methods: Fifty-six eligible patients with AC were randomized in this triple-blinded clinical trial. All patients underwent standard physical therapy as a baseline care. The follow-up visits were at 4, 12, and 24 weeks after LMW-HA or HMW-HA injection. The primary outcome was the visual analog scale (VAS) and others were the Oxford shoulder score (OSS), active ROM, and patient satisfaction.
Results: No significant differences were detected in between-group variables at baseline. Within-group analysis showed VAS, OSS, and active ROM were markedly improved over time in both groups, also between-group analysis showed VAS and OSS decreased significantly (P<0.001). Four-week follow-up showed the LMW-HA group had lower pain (P= 0.049), conversely, the trend of VAS at 12 weeks and 24 weeks favors HMW-HA (P<0.001). Regarding satisfaction, this parameter had significantly improved in both groups between four-, 12-, and 24 weeks. And there was no significant difference between groups.
Conclusion: HMW-HA is a more effective intervention than LMW-HA in patients with AC.
Faster Club Hockey Athletes Have Reduced Upper Leg Muscular Co-contraction During Maximal-Speed Sprinting
Authors: Williams Jason , Watso Joseph C.
Published: May 2024

Background
Most electromyographic (EMG) data for muscular activation patterns during ambulation is limited to older adults with existing chronic disease(s) walking at slow velocities. However, we know much less about the lower extremity muscle co-contraction patterns during sprinting and its relation to running velocity (i.e., performance). Therefore, we compared lower extremity muscular activation patterns during sprinting between slower and faster collegiate club hockey athletes. We hypothesized that faster athletes would have lower EMG-assessed co-contraction index (CCI) values in the lower extremities during over-ground sprinting.
Results
Twenty-two males (age = 21[1] yrs (median[IQR]); body mass = 77.1 ± 8.6 kg (mean ± SD)) completed two 20-m over-ground sprints with concomitant EMG and asynchronous force plate testing. We split participants using median running velocity (FAST: 8.5 ± 0.3 vs. SLOW: 7.7 ± 0.3
Conclusions
m/s, p < 0.001). Faster athletes had lower CCI between the rectus femoris and biceps femoris (group: p = 0.05), particularly during the late swing phase of the gait cycle (post hoc p = 0.02). In agreement with our hypothesis, we found lower CCI values in the upper leg musculature during maximal-speed over-ground sprinting. These data from collegiate club hockey athletes corroborate other reports in clinical populations that the coordination between the rectus femoris and biceps femoris is associated with linear over-ground sprinting velocity.
Examining the Exploitation Strategies of Common Natural Resource (Game Theory Approach)
Authors: Salimian Salah , Mamipour Siab , Salimian Sattar
Published: May 2024

Exploitation of natural resources such as oil and gas fields, coal and water basins is very important in the economic growth of countries. The importance of this issue for countries, especially the common natural resources, is twofold. Exploitation of common resources between countries is of particular importance due to its special role in economic growth, increasing stability, reducing political tensions and promoting cooperation between countries. This study focuses on modeling the exploitation of common natural resources through the design of a static game between two countries. The modeling performed addresses the effect of each country's share of the common resource and the impact of sanctions on the benefits obtained by both parties, using a mathematical approach. The results showed that the adoption of cooperation policy by each country depends on the share of each country and the level of sanctions imposed on the interested parties. In general, each country only adopts the policy of cooperation in the exploitation of common resources if the level of sanctions imposed against the other party is low and insignificant. In other words, increasing the level of sanctions drives countries towards adopting a non-cooperative policy.
JEL Classification:L72, F51, C72, C62.
An Uncommon Presentation: Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Associated with Solid Organ Tumor-Case Report
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Vasan Amit Simgh , Choudhary Robin , Madakshira Manoj Gopal , Sharma Anmol
Published: May 2024

Introduction- Hemoptysis as a presenting complaint in a patient is treated as an emergency and it warrants meticulous evaluation for confirming diagnosis and timely treatment. It can occur due to a myriad of causes and needs urgent diagnostic confirmation and timely treatment to prevent mortality and morbidity. The cause of DAH can be multiple including autoimmune and connective tissue diseases, infections, toxins, and rarely malignancies. However solid organ malignancy presenting as DAH has rarely been reported in literature.
Case- We present a rare case of a young male who presented with DAH and was later diagnosed as a case of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and managed at our center with corticosteroids to good clinical recovery.
Conclusion- DAH is a potentially life-threatening condition. It can cause acute respiratory failure with bilateral alveolar infiltrates. Hemoptysis may be absent in 33% of patients. Although solid malignancy is a rare etiology of DAH, it is imperative to perform bronchoscopy in such cases to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other etiologies.
The first 20 years at the Cape of Good Hope (1652-1671): Weather, Climate and Society
Authors: Grab Stefan , Naidoo Ravany
Published: May 2024

The Dutch arrived at the Cape (southernmost Africa) in April 1652 to establish a permanent station to replenish ships sailing between Europe and the East. We use the Dutch East India Company day registers to construct a weather and climate chronology for central Cape Town (CT) over the years 1652-1671. We also investigate weather/climate impacts on society over these years, and the associated coping/adaptive measures undertaken. Daily weather information (e.g. rainfall, wind, temperature, storms, hail, snow, frost) was extracted from the registers and chronologically organized. Weather-related impacts (including on shipping) and societal responses are explored within temporal contexts (monthly to inter-annual). The CT climate of 1652-1671 had relatively (compared with more recent times) few rain days, yet experienced heavy rains at times, with consequential flooding. Summers were hot at times, windy and very dry. Winters seemed particularly cold, stormy and harsh at times, more so than those of the 19th-21st centuries, as evidenced by accounts of snow, frost and hail. The early 1650s and early to mid-1660s were particularly anomalous climatic periods and likely reflect conditions associated with reduced solar heating and increased volcanic forcing during the early Maunder Minimum.
Drag Reduction and Degradation by Sodium Alginate in Turbulent Flow
Authors: Cheng Zhensong , Zhang Panpan , Wang Xudong , Song Xinwang , Gao Liang , Dai Xiaodong , Zhang Xin
Published: May 2024

The utilization of drag-reducers polymer has long been hindered by their irritancy, corrosiveness, and toxicity across various domains. In this investigation, we explored sodium alginate, a natural drag reducer, for its efficacy in reducing drag and its resilience to shear in millimeter-scale pipelines. Initially, an experimental setup was devised to assess the drag reduction capabilities of sodium alginate at varying concentrations and flow rates using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) software. The relationship between drag reduction (DR), concentration (C), and flow rate (Q) was established by analyzing the experimental data. Subsequently, variance analysis was employed to validate the data accuracy, with a comparison between predicted and experimental DR values revealing an error margin within ± 20%. Analysis of cyclic shear testing of sodium alginate solution in tubes demonstrated its effectiveness as a shear flow drag reducer. Furthermore, results from laser particle size analysis indicated minimal molecular breakage of sodium alginate during cyclic shear.
The Effect of the Nurse Navigation Program Applied to Immigrant Syrian Women on their Beliefs on Breast Cancer Screening Behaviors, Mammography Self-Efficacy, and Breast Cancer Fears: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: BULUT Tuba YILMAZ , ALTAY Birsen
Published: May 2024

Purpose This study was conducted to determine the effect of the nurse navigation program immigrant Syrian women on their beliefs about breast cancer screening behaviors, their mammography self-efficacy, breast cancer fears and their knowledge levels about BSE.Methods This single-blind randomized controlled study was conducted in June-October 2021 with the pretest-posttest control group design. This research, which was carried out in accordance with randomized pre-test-post-test control group, with a total of 150 Syrian women, 75 in the experimental group and 75 in the control group. As data collection tools; "Descriptive Questionnaire", "Health Belief Model Scale", "Mammography Self-efficacy Scale", "Champion Breast Cancer Fear Scale", "Breast Self-Examination Checklist Form" and "Telephone Interview Form" were used. The study has a Clinical Trials registry with the number …….Results According to the post-tests, there is a statistically significant difference in rate of having mammography between the experimental and control groups. After applying the Nurse Navigation Program based on the Health Belief Model to the Syrian women in the mammography self-efficacy scale score levels of the women in the experimental group increased after the experiment compared to before the experiment.Conclision Results of the study, it was determined that the Nurse Navigation Program applied according to the Health Belief Model (HBM) increased the breast cancer screening behaviors, self-efficacy and knowledge levels of Syrian women, and decreased their fear of breast cancer.
DNMT aberration-incurred GPX4 suppression prompts osteoblast ferroptosis and osteoporosis
Authors: Wang Yongxiang , Wang Hongwei , Cao Wangsen , ruan bin-jia , Dong Jian , Wei Fanhao , Huang Zhiqiang , Yang Bin , Zhang Lijun , Li Chulin , Dong Hui
Published: May 2024

Osteoporosis (OP) is a common and fracture-prone skeletal disease featured by deteriorated trabecular microstructure and pathologically involves various forms of regulated bone cell death. However, the role and regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis in OP are not fully understood. Our study showed marked iron deposition, ferroptosis, and a core anti-ferroptotic factor GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) suppression in OP femurs of ovariectomized (Ovx) mice, coinciding with Gpx4 promoter hypermethylation and elevated DNMT1/3a/3b levels. In addition, KLF5, along with the transcriptional corepressors NCoR and SnoN, induces binding to the hypermethylated GPX4 promoter in osteoporotic femurs sensitive to DNMT inhibition. Conversely, DNMT inhibition with SGI-1027 reversed hypermethylation and GPX4 suppression, reducing the ferroptotic and osteoporotic damage. In cultured primary bone cells, ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) mimicking iron loading similarly induced GPX4 suppression and ferroptosis in osteoblasts, but not in osteoclasts, which were rescued by siRNA-mediated individual knockdown of DNMT 1/3a/3b respectively. Intriguingly, SGI-1027 relieved the ferroptotic alterations induced by FAC, but not by a GPX4 inactivator RSL3. More importantly, we generated a strain of osteoblast-specific Gpx4 haplo-deficient mice (Gpx4+/-) that developed spontaneous ferroptotic OP alterations and further demonstrated that GPX4 inactivation by RSL3 or osteoblastic GPX4 haplo-deficiency largely abrogated the anti-ferroptotic and osteoprotective effects of SGI-1027. Together, our data suggest that the DNMT aberration-incurred epigenetic GPX4 suppression and the resultant osteoblastic ferroptosis contribute significantly to OP pathogenesis and the strategies preserving GPX4 by DNMT intervention is potentially effective to treat OP and the related bone disorders.