bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elastic Strip Analysis of The Biharmonic Equation for Moments and Deflections of Simply Supported Rectangular Plates Developed from Finite Series Expression for A Suggested Valid Displacement Function
Authors: S. T. Orumu
Published: May 2022

The infinite series method has been used to solve plate problems and the results justified by applying same to beam problems with striking results. The opinion of the author that successful application of the infinite series method to beams when improved upon can be extended to plate problems after considering a plate to comprise four(4) beam strips as indicated by the plate biharmonic equation. The trigonometric function was expressed as the fundamental i.e for the first harmonic alone. Load sharing among the strips was done by the consideration that every strip carried a fraction of the total load of the area obtained by its length multiplied by the length of the perpendicular reaching the plate boundary and such that the sum of all these fractions will equal the total load on the plate. This is quite phenomenal. The application of this shared load to the beams with its substitution into the biharmonic expressions for strips of plates, produced striking results compared to classical methods. A table design tool for plates both with corners held down and corners allowed to lift is evolving.
Indonesian Parents’ Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS) as Developmental Screening Tool for 0-3 Years Old Children
Authors: Sholikhah Amelia , Irwanto Irwanto , Utomo Budi
Published: May 2022

Background: Child development is an individualized, dynamic, and complex process. Screening for developmental delays in children is challenging. Parents have important roles in recognizing developmental delays in children, hence parent-completed questionnaire is a feasible option to screen for any developmental delays. The objective of this study is to analyze the items of Indonesian PEDS in 0-3 years old children as a screening tool for their development and behavior.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in Surabaya from August to September 2020. The questionnaire was distributed to mothers whose children were 0-3 years old. The item discrimination analysis was grouped into 0-17 months and 18-36 months. A point-biserial correlation test was carried out with a minimum significant correlation coefficient was 0.3 and a p-value <0.05.
Results: A total of 92 mothers were enrolled in this study. Forty mothers were included in the 0-17 months group and 52 mothers in the 18-36 months group. There were four significant aspects of child development in the 0–17-month group, yet only expressive language and articulation had a strong correlation coefficient. While in the 18–36-month group, global/cognitive and social-emotional had a strong correlation coefficient. The other aspects had a correlation coefficient of > 0.3 (p<0.05) in both groups.
Conclusion: The Indonesian PEDS is a potential developmental screening tool for Indonesian children aged 0-3 years old.
Association of Chorioamnionitis with Neonatal Sepsis and Mortality Rate Among Preterm Infants: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Atmaja Ni Made Indah Dwijayanti , Utomo Martono Tri , Ernawati Ernawati
Published: May 2022

horioamnionitis is an intra-amnion infection caused by various pathogens and increases the risk of preterm delivery. This study aims to analyze the association of chorioamnionitis with the incidence of neonatal sepsis and mortality rate among preterm infants. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted based on PRISMA guideline. All studies which evaluated chorioamnionitis with the incidence of neonatal sepsis and mortality rate among preterm infants were included in this study. We limited our search to 2001-2020. A total of 34 articles were screened. Nine cohorts were included according to inclusion criteria. Based on statistical analysis, chorioamnionitis was associated with the incidence of early-onset sepsis (OR=3.45; 95%CI=2.02-5.89; p < 0.00001). Chorioamnionitis had a protective effect toward late-onset sepsis (OR=0.82; 95%CI=0.71-0.93; p=0.003) and not associated with mortality rate among preterm infants (OR 0.75; 95%CI=0.54-1.04; p=0.09). Chorioamnionitis was associated with higher risks of early-onset sepsis and lower risks of late-onset sepsis. However, the mortality rate among preterm infants with early-onset sepsis was not associated with chorioamnionitis.
Using machine learning to produce a cost-effective national building height map of Ireland to categorise local climate zones
Authors: Keany Eoghan , Bessardon Geoffrey , Gleeson Emily
Published: May 2022

Abstract. ECOCLIMAP-Second Generation (ECO-SG) is the land-cover map used in the HARMONIE-AROME configuration of the shared ALADIN-HIRLAM Numerical Weather Prediction system used for short-range operational weather forecasting for Ireland. The ECO-SG urban classification implicitly includes building heights. The work presented in this paper involved the production of the first open-access building height map for the island of Ireland which complements the Ulmas-Walsh land cover map, a map which has improved the horizontal extent of urban areas over Ireland. The resulting building height map will potentially enable upgrades to ECO-SG urban information for future implementation in HARMONIE-AROME. This study not only produced the first open-access building height map of Ireland at 10 m × 10 m resolution, but assessed various types of regression models trained using pre-existing building height information for Dublin City and selected 64 important spatio-temporal features, engineered from both the Sentinel-1A/B and Sentinel-2A/B satellites. The performance metrics revealed that a Convolutional Neural Network is superior in all aspects except the computational time required to create the map. Despite the superior accuracy of the Convolutional Neural Network, the final building height map created results from the ridge regression model which provided the best blend of realistic output and low computational complexity. The method relies solely on freely available satellite imagery, is cost-effective, can be updated regularly, and can be applied to other regions depending on the availability of representative regional building height sample data.
Nature and origin of variations in pelagic carbonate production in the tropical ocean since the Mid Miocene (ODP Site 927)
Authors: Cornuault Pauline , Westerhold Thomas , Pälike Heiko , Bickert Torsten , Baumann Karl-Heinz , Kucera Michal
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Marine plankton is an important component of the global carbon cycle. Whereas the production and seafloor export of organic carbon produced by the plankton, the biological pump, has received much attention, the long-term variability in plankton calcification, controlling the carbonate counter pump, remains less well understood. Yet, it has been shown that on geological time scales, changes in pelagic calcification (biological compensation) could affect the ocean's buffering capacity and thus regulate global carbon budget. Here we use Neogene pelagic sediments deposited on the Ceara Rise in the tropical Atlantic to characterise the variability in pelagic carbonate production with focus on warm climates. A re-evaluation of published records of carbonate accumulation at Ceara Rise reveals a systematic increase in sedimentation rates since the late Miocene, but the carbonate accumulation rate does not show a clear trend. Instead, we observe substantial orbital time-scale variability in carbonate accumulation and an effect of carbonate preservation, especially at sites located below 4 km. To evaluate long-term changes against possible orbital-scale variability, we generated new high-resolution records of carbonate accumulation rate at ODP Site 927 across two Quaternary interglacials (MIS 5 and MIS 9), the Pliocene warm period (MIS KM5) and the Miocene climate optimum (MCO). We observe that the highest carbonate accumulation rates occurred during the Pliocene but that each interval was characterised by large orbital-scale variability. Prominent variations in carbonate accumulation prior to the Quaternary preservation cycles appear to follow obliquity and eccentricity. These results imply that pelagic carbonate production in the tropical ocean, buffered from large temperature changes, varied on orbital time scales similarly or even more than on longer time scales. Since preservation can be excluded as a driver of these changes prior to the Quaternary, the observed variations must reflect changes in the export flux of pelagic biogenic carbonate. We conclude that the overall carbonate production by pelagic calcifiers responded to local changes in light, temperature and nutrients delivered by upwelling, which followed long orbital cycles, as well as to long-term shifts in climate and/or ocean chemistry. The inferred changes on both time scales were sufficiently large such that when extrapolated on a global scale, they could have played a role in the regulation of the carbon cycle and global climate evolution during the transition from the Miocene warm climates into the Quaternary icehouse.
Efficient high-dimensional variational data assimilation with machine-learned reduced-order models
Authors: Maulik Romit , Rao Vishwas , Wang Jiali , Mengaldo Gianmarco , Constantinescu Emil , Lusch Bethany , Balaprakash Prasanna , Foster Ian , Kotamarthi Rao
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Data assimilation (DA) in geophysical sciences remains the cornerstone of robust forecasts from numerical models. Indeed, DA plays a crucial role in the quality of numerical weather prediction and is a crucial building block that has allowed dramatic improvements in weather forecasting over the past few decades. DA is commonly framed in a variational setting, where one solves an optimization problem within a Bayesian formulation using raw model forecasts as a prior and observations as likelihood. This leads to a DA objective function that needs to be minimized, where the decision variables are the initial conditions specified to the model. In traditional DA, the forward model is numerically and computationally expensive. Here we replace the forward model with a low-dimensional, data-driven, and differentiable emulator. Consequently, gradients of our DA objective function with respect to the decision variables are obtained rapidly via automatic differentiation. We demonstrate our approach by performing an emulator-assisted DA forecast of geopotential height. Our results indicate that emulator-assisted DA is faster than traditional equation-based DA forecasts by 4 orders of magnitude, allowing computations to be performed on a workstation rather than a dedicated high-performance computer. In addition, we describe accuracy benefits of emulator-assisted DA when compared to simply using the emulator for forecasting (i.e., without DA). Our overall formulation is denoted AIEADA (Artificial Intelligence Emulator-Assisted Data Assimilation).
Does non-stationarity induced by multiyear drought invalidate the paired-catchment method?
Authors: Zhang Yunfan , Cheng Lei , Zhang Lu , Qin Shujing , Liu Liu , Liu Pan , Liu Yanghe
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Multiyear drought has been proved to cause non-stationary rainfall-runoff relationship. But whether this change can occur in catchments that have also experienced vegetation change and whether it invalidates the most widely used methods (the paired-catchment method (PCM), the time-trend method (TTM), and the sensitivity-based method (SBM)) for estimating impacts of vegetation change on runoff is still unknown and rarely discussed. In the Red Hill paired experimental catchments in Australia, which has experienced a 10-year drought (2000–2009) and afforestation, estimated inconsistent afforestation impacts were 32.8 %, 93.5 %, and 76.1 % of total runoff changes by the PCM, TTM and SBM, respectively. In addition to afforestation, multiyear drought has also led to the non-stationary rainfall-runoff relationship of the paired catchments. For the TTM and SBM, traditional application did not further differentiate different drivers of non-stationary rainfall-runoff relationship, which led to significant overestimation of afforestation effects. A new framework was proposed to separate the effects of three factors on runoff changes including vegetation change, climate variability and multiyear drought caused non-stationarity. Based on the new framework, impacts of afforestation on runoff were 38.8 % by the TTM and 21.4 % by the SBM, agreeing well with that by the PCM (32.8 %). Using paired-catchment observations, this study proved multiyear drought can induce non-stationary rainfall-runoff relationship and proposed a new framework to better separate the impact of vegetation changes on runoff under climate-induced non-stationary condition. More importantly, paired-catchment method is proven to be still the most reliable method even the control catchment experienced climate-induced shift in rainfall-runoff relationship.
Using neural networks to improve simulations in the gray zone
Authors: Kriegmair Raphael , Ruckstuhl Yvonne , Rasp Stephan , Craig George
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Machine learning represents a potential method to cope with the gray zone problem of representing motions in dynamical systems on scales comparable to the model resolution. Here we explore the possibility of using a neural network to directly learn the error caused by unresolved scales. We use a modified shallow water model which includes highly nonlinear processes mimicking atmospheric convection. To create the training dataset, we run the model in a high- and a low-resolution setup and compare the difference after one low-resolution time step, starting from the same initial conditions, thereby obtaining an exact target. The neural network is able to learn a large portion of the difference when evaluated on single time step predictions on a validation dataset. When coupled to the low-resolution model, we find large forecast improvements up to 1 d on average. After this, the accumulated error due to the mass conservation violation of the neural network starts to dominate and deteriorates the forecast. This deterioration can effectively be delayed by adding a penalty term to the loss function used to train the ANN to conserve mass in a weak sense. This study reinforces the need to include physical constraints in neural network parameterizations.
Introduction: Exploring societal resilience to online polarization and extremism
Authors: Watkin Amy-Louise , Gerrand Vivian , Conway Maura
Published: May 2022

The seven articles in this special issue were selected from those delivered at a series of workshops undertaken by the European Commission H2020-funded Building Resilience Against Violent Extremism (BRaVE) Project in 2020–2021. Understanding polarization and (violent) extremism as distinct, interlinked, phenomena, the collected articles ask how online platforms can be mobilised to disrupt and reframe ideologies underpinning polarising and extremist messaging. To what extent can social media platforms serve as critical resources that contribute to building pro-social resilience? And, how can we build on what has been effective so far in terms of building online resilience, including what else might social media platforms and their users do to enhance what has already been found to be effective?
Communicative channels for pro-social resilience in an age of polarization
Authors: Gerrand Vivian
Published: May 2022

While the messaging tactics of extremist organizations have been studied by researchers, little attention has been devoted to understanding how alternative multimodal communications can enable resistance to polarizing content. This article takes as case studies three grassroots youth arts projects that deploy multimodal resources to educate and build resilience: Build Solid Ground, Jamal al-Khatib and Loulu. The projects won awards at the Horizon 2020 Building Resilience to Violent Extremism and Polarisation (BRaVE) Fair, which was hosted by the Berlin-based intercultural organization Cultures Interactive and took place via Zoom in November 2020. In the pandemic context of increased time spent online, polarization, and growing social and structural vulnerability in which young people face uncertain futures, these projects have been selected for their ability to build channels of communication that support pro-social resilience.
The name of the game: Promoting resilience against extremism through an online gaming campaign
Authors: Pisoiu Daniela , Lippe Felix
Published: May 2022

Extremist and terrorist groups are known to have used games and gaming successfully in their online recruitment and indoctrination campaigns. What are the possibilities for using online games to generate resilience against extremism? Current research on online counter and alternative narratives generally acknowledges effects in terms of awareness raising, yet is skeptical when it comes to impact, mostly owing to the limited evidence and empirical research in this area. A related problem with the early counter and alternative narrative campaigns, however, has been not only a lack of initial preparatory work on understanding the radicalization process itself — specifically, on how narratives are produced and disseminated — but also on aspects relating to the audience, the messenger, and the communications strategy more broadly. In designing DECOUNT, an online game that incorporates both counter and alternative narratives, we have taken these aspects into consideration and created an accessible, easy-to-use product by first researching the following: individual radicalization processes; extremist online propaganda narratives and imagery; and the preferences and issues of the target population. We then created and tested the game and placed it on particular social media platforms (Instagram, YouTube/Let’s Play), with appropriate targeting. Finally, we carried out a number of evaluation procedures, including a qualitative assessment and two quasi-experiments. This paper outlines this preparatory, creative, and evaluative work, and contextualizes it within the literature on the role played by online platforms and content both in individual radicalization processes and in creating resilience.
ESCOLA NORMAL DE ANNAPOLIS - GO: O PERFIL DOS ALUNOS (1931)
Authors: Santos Tarsio Paula dos , Abreu Sandra Elaine Aires de
Published: May 2022

A fundação da Escola Normal de Annapolis-GO, em 1931, tinha por objetivo formar professores primários. Para esse fim, oferecia dois cursos distintos e indissociáveis: complementar em dois ciclos (1º e 2º ano) e normal com quatro anos (1º, 2º, 3º e 4º ano). Nesse contexto, definimos como objetivo analisar o perfil dos alunos dessa instituição em 1931. A delimitação temporal adotada nessa investigação se justifica por ser o ano de fundação do referido educandário e, consequentemente, a formação do seu primeiro grupo discente. Utilizamos neste estudo a abordagem qualitativa e como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica e a análise documental. A documentação do acervo histórico da Escola Normal de Annapolis (1931 – 1937) permitiu-nos traçar o perfil dos seus normalistas em 1931, sendo que os aspectos analisados foram: o sexo, a idade, a naturalidade e a forma de comprovação de escolaridade, sendo este requisito decisivo para matrícula nos respectivos cursos, complementar e normal, ofertados pela instituição.  
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: História da Educação. Escola Normal. Anápolis. Perfil dos Alunos.
HACKEAR E AQUILOMBAR: AS JUVENTUDES NEGRAS CARIOCAS NO ENFRENTAMENTO AO RACISMO DE ESTADO
Authors: Rizzo Tamiris Pereira , Weihmüller Valentina Carranza , Jesus Patricia Cardoso de , Campos Franciele Pereira
Published: May 2022

Reflexiona-se sobre as estratégias de resistência desenvolvidas pelas juventudes negras cariocas, durante 2018 e 2019, a partir do diálogo entre duas experiências de pesquisa. A metodologia foi a pesquisa-ativista junto a coletivos artístico-culturais de favela e coletivos estudantis de uma Universidade Federal. Indica-se que essas juventudes articulam estratégias criativas e complementares de relevante potência política-estética-formativa: o hackeamento à institucionalidade e a promoção de ações de aquilombamento. Os estudos decoloniais e o feminismo negro auxiliam na problematização e contextualização dessas estratégias de resistência, a fim de fazer frente à violência-militarização das favelas e a manutenção de políticas de minoritização nas universidades.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ação Cultural. Juventude Negra. Racismo. Resistência à Opressão.
TIEMPO CURRICULAR COMO MANDATO DE LA PLANIFICACIÓN Y QUEHACER PEDAGÓGICO
Authors: Rivera-Gutiérrez Catalina , Henríquez-Alvear Luis , Gutiérrez-Saldivia Ximena
Published: May 2022

El presente articulo expone parte de los resultados de una investigación centrada en conocer las Representaciones Sociales (RS) del profesorado sobre el currículum escolar. Durante el proceso de investigación, se evidenció que las RS del profesorado sobre el currículum, se vinculaban de manera directa con la dimensión tiempo como recurso finito en las escuelas. El diseño de la investigación corresponde a un estudio de caso de tipo instrumental (STAKE, 1998), y mediante el uso de la técnica de entrevista semiestructurada, se logró sistematizar las RS de 18 profesores y profesoras sobre el currículum escolar, pertenecientes a diferentes escuelas de la comuna de Pucón, ubicadas en sectores urbanos, periurbanos y rurales. El análisis de los datos se realizó a través de la teoría fundamentada, a partir de sus tres niveles de codificación. Los resultados de las entrevistas relevaron “el tiempo” como un marco funcional en el quehacer docente, que estructura y condiciona su labor pedagógica en función de las exigencias del sistema escolar, que presiona al profesorado por dar cumplimiento al currículum nacional.
Integrating GeoGebra Math Activities into Learning Management Systems (LMS)
Authors: Zakariashvili Mariam
Published: May 2022

The article discusses the technological aspects of integrating the activities of GeoGebra Math, a dynamic online mathematics teaching and learning platform, into Learning Management Systems (LMS-Learning Management System) based on real models of teacher-student interaction.This article covers the following three modules: basic functionalities, process preparation and process implementation.The first module details how GeoGebra activities are integrated with various technologies and tools. The applications in question are GeoGebra Group, GeoGebra TimeLine, MicroSoft OneNote, and Google Classroom.The second module explains how to complete the following procedures: Online registration on the GeoGebra platform; Installation of the GeoGebra Classic application on a PC; Create and Join a GeoGebra Group - GeoGebra; Sign up for Microsoft OneNote and open a new notebook (a new digital book); Create and enroll in a Google Classroom course.The third module uses homothetics as an example to demonstrate how to create an interactive resource in the GeoGebra Classic Online application and how to transfer this resource as an activity from the local GeoGebra Classic application to the GeoGebra Online platform. The technological features of GeoGebra Sharing in GeoGebra Group, GeoGebra TimeLine, MicroSoft OneNote and Google Classroom are described on a practical example of the joint involvement of a teacher and a virtual group of participants, supported by appropriate illustrations.The article examines and justifies the potential for integrating the activities of the GeoGebra Math online mathematical platform into Learning Management Systems (LMS), which can be successfully used in mathematics education both in schools and universities.
Neonatal hypogonadism due to rare testicular atrophy with congenital contralateral torsion: case report
Authors: Antunes Contrucci Bruno , Rogério Pinato Gustavo , Manzati Galvani Camila , Claudino Altomari Isabela , Camargo Schmidt Neto Sebastião , Moraes Castro Júlia , Belone Garcia Bruna , Mendes Farinazzo Henrique , Fiuza Tambellini Giulia , Lomba Corsini Maria Fernanda , Leite Beneli Pedro Henrique , Cristina Bortolozzo Raquel
Published: May 2022

The process of sexual differentiation involves genetic, hormonal and anatomical factors, and there may be several disorders evident at birth. Congenital testicular torsion associated with atrophy contralateral gonad in phenotypically male newborns, without alteration in development of the internal and external genital organs, is a rare condition and little reported in the literature. Thereby, we sought to report and discuss the clinical case which the presence of both clinical conditions was diagnosed in the perinatal period. Hormonal production of testicular androgens is confirmed by the development of the male genital system, both internal and external. It isn’t possible to determine whether the atrophic testis was caused by extrinsic compression of the vascular bundle due to torsion of contralateral testis, or by testicular regression syndrome, in which there in involution of the organ in utero as part of presentation of gonadal dysgenesis. The twisted testicle may have been regression, without hormone production by it, or there was hormonal production of congenitally atrophied testicle and later regressed. Regardless of this fact, early diagnosis is the cornerstone of the clinical condition, since it will invariably evolve with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, with need for multidisciplinary follow-up.
The Risk of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among Frontline Healthcare Workers in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mzahim Bandr , Albrekkan Fatimah , Schouten Ronald , Al-Muhainy Ahmad , Al-Surimi Khaled , Alhumaid Nuha Sulaiman
Published: May 2022

Background: Frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to the nature of their work and, due to the additional stress and mental fatigue brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, this risk has increased significantly. A proper understanding of the risk factors for PTSD in this context is crucial to the development of both preventive and corrective measures that will improve the psychological and emotional health of HCWs and reduce their predisposition to PTSD in the short and long term. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of PTSD among frontline HCWs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This cross-sectional survey study examined responses from emergency medical services personnel (paramedics, nurses, and physicians) in eleven large public hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between June 01 and July 01, 2020. The total number of respondents was 613. The PTSD Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (PCL-5), a self-administered tool, was used to diagnose PTSD. Additionally, demographic factors, such as age, gender, race, marital status, occupation, and years of experience, were identified, and the effects of these factors were assessed using statistical analysis.
Results: The results revealed a prevalence of PTSD of 33.4% among participants. The highest prevalence was found among paramedics and nurses, while physicians had the lowest prevalence. The study also found statistically significant differences in PTSD scores based on marital status, job title, and years of experience. Half of the participants were aware of the availability of psychological/emotional support and perceived the process for obtaining that support to be clear and accessible.
Conclusion: Frontline healthcare workers are at increased risk of developing PTSD, with the degree of risk significantly associated with marital status, job title, years of experience, and the accessibility of psychological/emotional support. Healthcare organisations within Saudi Arabia and elsewhere should use this information to strengthen their psychological and emotional support systems and reduce the risk of PTSD in their employees.
Experimental investigation into the performance of cutting betel nut machine via response surface methodology and desirability function
Authors: Bulan Ramayanty , Siregar Kiman , Wardhana Muhammad Yuzan , Lubis Hamzah Hambali , Thamren Dewi Sartika , Haris Oscar , Sitorus Agustami
Published: May 2022

Cutting betel nut machines are increasingly being designed by engineers using local material. However, the performance of the cutting betel nut machine is influenced by the moisture content of the betel nut and the rotational speed of the machine. In this study, the performance of cutting a betel nut machine under moisture content of betel nut and rotational speed of the machine was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability function. Central Composite Design (CCD) coupled with RSM and desirability function was employed to evaluate the impact of moisture content of betel nut (34.68–50.54%, w.b.) and rotational speed (600–1000 rpm) on machine capacity (kg/hr), efficiency (%), and losses (%) responses. The desirability function was then used to optimize moisture content and rotational speed yielding maximum machine capacity and efficiency at lower losses. Three verification experiments were run to ensure the empirical relationships were valid. Optimum requirements of process parameters have been seen at which moisture content of 50.54% (w.b.) and rotational speed of 1000 rpm was achieved in maximum machine capacity of 44.16 kg/hr at higher efficiency (92.72%) and lower losses (6.31%). The model's conclusions were very consistent with the confirmed values. The results proved that an appropriate performance of the machine can be achieved using moisture content of betel nut and rotational speed of machine cutting betel nut.
Multi-depot heterogeneous fleet vehicle routing problem with time windows: Airline and roadway integrated routing
Authors: Dursun Ömer Osman , Özger Asuman
Published: May 2022

In transportation, the multi-depot heterogeneous fleet vehicle routing problem with time windows (MDHFVRPTW) is one of the hard-to-solve real-life problems. In the study, a new node-based MDHFVRPTW has been developed. Unlike other studies in the literature, heterogeneous fleets including both airline and roadway vehicles are used for routing. In the model, real-life data of the airline and roadway are taken into consideration. In particular, important aviation constraints such as the range of the aircraft, landing and take-off cycle (LTO) cost according to the engine type, and the penalty cost are presented in the model. The problem is analysed by using narrow and wide time windows, which is the realization of fast and normal demand. A new hybrid genetic algorithm with variable neighborhood search (HGA-VNS) has been proposed for the solution of the MDHFVRPTW model. In the solution of the model, remarkable results have been obtained with the HGA-VNS algorithm compared to the genetic algorithm and off-the-shelf solvers. Also, the HGA-VNS algorithm has been tested with small and large-scale instances and compared with other studies in the literature. It is thought that the proposed MDHFVRPTW model and the developed HGA-VNS algorithm will bring a different perspective to transportation.
Decision analysis of individual supplier in a vendor-managed inventory program with revenue-sharing contract
Authors: Zhu Xide , Xie Lingling , Lin GuiHua , Ma Xiuyan
Published: May 2022

As a useful strategy to improve the flexibility of the system to manage uncertainty in supply and demand and to improve the sustainability of the supply chain, vendor-managed inventory (VMI) programs have attracted widespread attention in the field of supply chain management. However, a growing body of empirical literature has shown that participants’ decisions deviate significantly from the standard theoretical predictions. Under a VMI program, the supplier bears not only the production cost, but also the risk of leftover inventory. Moreover, the inequality among participants and different personalities of decision-makers in VMI programs may lead to the divergence of decision-making. To understand the supplier’s replenishment decision in view of the behavioral pattern, we propose a new inventory model for the supplier with the focus theory of choice. The proposed model conceives that the retailer evaluates each replenishment quantity based on the most salient demand for him/her instead of calculating the expected utility. By employing this inventory model, we construct a two-tier supply chain model with revenue-sharing contract and theoretically derive the optimal sharing percentage of the revenue and replenishment quantity. Results analysis gains managerial insights into the strategic selection of the retailer who faces suppliers with different personalities. Comparisons between the classic revenue-sharing contract model and the proposed model are also carried out by illustrative examples. This research provides a new perspective to analyze individual supplier’s behavior in a VMI program with revenue-sharing contracts.
The Clinical Profile and Risk Factors of Pneumonia in Children
Authors: Mostofa Gazi Golam , Das Bimal Chandra , Sharifa Begum Shaira , Hashem Md. Abul , Sarwar Sohel , Karim Muhammad Sazedul , Mazumdar Anupam , Imam H. M Hasan
Published: May 2022

Background: The problem of increased ARI morbidity and mortality has arisen as a result of modernization, industry, and urbanization. There is a deficiency of epidemiological studies on risk factors and treatment. There is a significant vacuum in our understanding of these issues, which must be filled by methodical research. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk factors developing pneumonia in our area.Material & Methods:This was a prospective clinical study of pneumonia conducted on 90 children who were admitted to Paediatric ward in Abdul MalekUkil Medical College, Noakhali, Bangladesh in study duration. Epidemiological factors affecting the same were studied and bronchoscopy was done whenever it was needed. A detailed history of the relevant symptoms, such as fever, cough, rapid breathing, refusal of feeds, noisy breathing, bluish discolouration etc., was collected.Results:The most affected children belonged to the age group of 1 year to 3 years (64.9%). Bronchopneumonia (86.2%) was the most common clinical diagnosis made at admission. According to WHO ARI control programme, 28.7% had pneumonia, 54.3% had severe pneumonia and 17% very severe pneumonia. It was found that younger age group, malnutrition, kutcha house, crowding, poor sanitation facilities, cooking with fuel other than LPG (indoor pollution) and low socio economic status and high respiratory rate were significant risk factors for pneumonia in children.Conclusions:One of the leading causes of mortality and death in children is particularly pneumonia. In newborns and preschool children, bronchopneumonia is the most common symptom.
Relationship between Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Non-Diabetic Patients
Authors: Hasan Amanat , Sultana Mashrufa , Alam Mohammad Khurshadul , Hossain Mir Shahadat , Islam Sami Nazrul , Rahman Md. Estakur , Rahman Afshana , Bhuiyan Mohammad Monzurul Alam , Monira Shirajum
Published: May 2022

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is leading cause of mortality worldwide. CAD accounts for 20% of all deaths in the South Asia region. The burden of CAD is emerging as a public health concern in developing countries like Bangladesh. There are some new biomarkers for detection of CAD. The aim of this study was to find out the relationship between ACR and severity of coronary artery disease in non-diabetic.Material & Methods:This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the department of cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute from April, 2018 to March, 2019. Purposive sampling was done to select a total 101 study subjects. Data were collected in a predesigned data collection form through clinical history, examination, laboratory findings and coronary angiogram report. Study population was divided into two groups: Group–A: Non-diabetic patients with ACR > 30mg/g Group–B: Non-diabetic patients with ACR ≤ 30mg/g.Results:Participants had a mean age of 52.5 ± 9.9 years with 75.24% men. Group A patients had higher ACR level (49.98±15.83 vs 13.36±7.08; p<0.01) than group B patients. Relation between urinary ACR and severity of CAD remained significant. Conclusions:In this study, there found a significant relationship in ACR and severity of coronary artery disease in non-diabetic patients.
Bone Mineral Density in an Urban Hospital in Dhaka City of Bangladesh
Authors: Nahar Quamrun , Ara Tasnu , Islam Fariha , Rahman Matiur , Begum ShamimMomtaz Ferdousi
Published: May 2022

Background: Osteoporosis behaves as a silent killer. Therefore, a high percentage of the affected people are not aware they have this chronic condition. In this way, the burden of osteoporosis is the burden of its clinical outcome: osteoporotic fractures, which are generally characterized by low-trauma fractures resulting from low bone mineral density (BMD). Objectives: The present study aimed to assess BMD distribution among urban and rural subjects and its relationship with key foods.Material & Methods:In this study, a total of 140 subjects were studied from the study BMD lab of the study hospital. Data were analyzed using Mean, SD, % and correlation by SPSS 24.Results:Mean±SD value of age (yr), BMI, WHR, Lumber-T score, Lumber-BMD, Right Femur -T score, Right Femur-BMD, Left Femur-T score, Left Femur-BMD, Supplementation of the study participants were 54±19, 25±5, 1.0±0.25, -1.0±1.0, 1.0±0.2, -1±1, 1±0.2, -1±1, 1±0.15.Age (yrs), BMI, waist (cm), hip (cm), WHR, Lumber T-score, Lumber Z-score, Lumber BMD (g/cm²), Rt. Fem Neck T-score,Rt. Fem Neck Z-score, Rt. Fem Neck BMD (g/cm²), Lt. Fem Neck T-score,Lt. Fem Neck Z-score, Lt. Fem Neck BMD (g/cm²) of the urban study participants were 51±13, 30±5, 88±16, 95±20, 1±20, -1.6±1.6, -1±1.6, 0.9±0.2, -0.9±1.3, -0.2±1.9, 0.9±0.2, -1±1.2, -0.3±1, 0.8±0.1 respectively and for rural participants the values were 54±14, 25±2.5, 86±9, 92±10, 1±0.2, -2.4±1.5, 0.8±0.2, -1.5±1.3, -0.6±1, 0.7±0.2, -1.6±1.2, -0.7±1 and 0.8±2 respectively. About 48.18% rural subjects had osteoporosis, 34.54% had osteopenia and 17.27% had normal bone health. Again, 28.57% of the urban subjects had osteoporosis, 41.40% had osteopenia and 30% had normal bone density. Fish, egg and meat were associated with BMD. Fish intake had a positive association with lumber T score (r=0.194, p=0.009), LumZ (r=0.016, p=0.031), Lumber BMD (r=0.183, p=0.014). Milk intake has positive association with Lumber t and Lumber BMD (p=0.027, 0.049). Similarly, egg intake has positive association with Lumber BMD, Rt BMD, Lt BMD (p= 0.035, 0.01, 0.019).Conclusions:Nearly 48.18% rural subjects have osteoporosis, 34.54% have osteopenia and 17.27% have normal bone health. Again, 28.57% urban subjects have osteoporosis, 41.40% have osteopenia and 30% have normal bone density. The prevalence of osteoporosis is higher in rural area than urban peopleand osteopenia is higher in urban area than rural area. Fish, milk and egg consumption positivelyassociated with BMD.
Nutrient Consumption among the Bangladeshi Children with Autism
Authors: Nahar Quamrun , Moushumi Naznin Sultana , Islam Fariha , Shammy Shamima Akon , Begum Rehana
Published: May 2022

Background: The prevalence of Autism in South Asia is 1 in 93 children, where, prevalence is much higher, 3% in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. Consumption of daily required nutrient is essential for these children like normal ones but sometimes may be neglected. Objectives: This study was undertaken to assess the macro and micronutrient consumption among the children with autism in Dhaka city and compared to the requirement.Material & Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 100 subjects where male-female ratio was 3:2, were studied from urban autism centers Dhaka, Bangladesh. Anthropometric parameters height, weight, BMI and 24-hour dietary recall (individual 3days) were collected following predesigned questionnaire. Data was collected from face to face interview from both parents and center’s teacher as appropriate. Nutritive value of food was calculated using Food Composition Table for Bangladesh, 2014 using a food software. For statistical analysis, SPSS 20 was used.Results:The average age and BMI of subjects were 11 yrs and 21 kg/m2 respectively. The mean ±SDvalues (g/day) of protein, fat and carbohydrate intake were 38±15, 47±12 and 116±38 respectively. The average intake of (mg/day) thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, iron, niacin, and zinc was 0.68±0.32, 0.46±0.23, 33±24, 144±87, 137±55, 6.5±2, 11±4 and 5.2±2 respectively. About 94% children consumed only 33% of the required calcium. Nearly 42% children took 67% of the required magnesium. Similarly, half of the children failed to consume 33% thiamine and zinc of the requirement. Conclusions:Consumption of calcium, thiamine, folic acid, and zinc are seemed to be lower than their requirement.
Prevalence of Hepatitis A and E Infection in a Suburban Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Tokbipi Phudang Rebon , Malpekar Kirti , Khote Gajanan , Bisure Kishore
Published: May 2022

Background: Acute viral hepatitis causes high morbidity in children and young adults. Hepatitis A and E can lead to fulminant hepatitis in 0.1% -2%. Objective: To find prevalence of HAV and HEV among suspected cases of acute viral hepatitis and to co-relate the laboratory findings with clinical presentations, over a one year periodMaterial & Methods:A retrospective analysis of 396 suspected acute viral hepatitis cases, whose samples were received in the laboratory during over a period of 1 year was performed. All sera samples were tested for IgM anti HAV & IgM anti HEV using commercially available solid phase ELISA, in Microbiology laboratory, at our hospital.Results:Majority infected were male (69%) and young adults (98 %). Clinical presentations included fever (92%), jaundice/icterus (74%), nausea/vomiting (60%), hepatomegaly (45%), abdominal pain (40%), darkcoloredurine(15%), itching/rash (8.3%). ELISA revealed overall positivity :21.2% ; HAV: 38% ,HEV:62% and dual infection:5%. Increased serum bilirubin, AST and ALT occured in 68%.Conclusions:Awareness regarding sanitation and hygiene is imperative to curb the spread of acute viral hepatitis, especially in developing countries. Laboratory diagnosis is an essential supplementary tool in confirmation of suspected clinical cases and reduce transmission of this infection.
Assessment of Cases of Congenital Obstructive Uropathy in Children
Authors: Kaur Harshindar , Kaur Sukhmani , Saholi Sanjana , Goyal Pehal
Published: May 2022

Background: The aim is to assess cases of congenital obstructive uropathy in children.Material & Methods:Sixty- five children in age ranged 5-12 years of either gender with congenital obstructive uropathy were recruited for the study. In all cases, ultrasonography was done in all cases. Growth of the child was monitored and height standard deviation score (Ht-SDS) was calculated annually. Glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m2) was calculated.Results:Out of 65 patients, males were 40 and females were 25. Etiology found to be ureteropelvic junction obstruction (PUJO) in 12, posterior urethral valve (PUV) in 14, PUJO + PUV in 30 and obstructive megaureter in 9 cases. Symptoms were fever in 34, pain abdomen in 20, burning micturition in 45, poor urinary stream in 21 and flank pain in 15 cases. Treatment given was pyeloplasty in 14, nephrectomy in 20, PUV fulguration in 11, ureterocele decompression in 12 and ureteric reimplantation in 8 cases.Conclusions:Most common etiologies for congenital obstructive uropathy in children were congenital uretero-pelvic junction obstruction and posterior urethral valve. Male preponderance was seen with burning micturition.
A Study on the Parenting Styles and Parental Stress of Parents of (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) ADHD Children
Authors: Chaubey Ashutosh Kumar , Pandey Neha
Published: May 2022

Background: There are several steps involved in deciding if a child has ADHD. No single test is available to diagnose ADHD and many other problems such as depression, anxiety, sleep problems and certain types of learning disabilities can also have similar symptoms. One of the process involves doing a medical examination, including hearing and vision tests, to rule out other problems with symptoms like ADHD. Diagnosis of ADHD includes a checklist for rating ADHD symptoms and taking a history of the child from parents, teachers, and sometimes, the child itself. Aim & Objectives: To know the prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidities in ADHD and to assess parental stress and parenting style among parents of children having ADHD.Material & Methods:A total of 78 children (6 to 18 years of age) and their parents were selected for the completion this study. The study was carried out in the Department of Psychiatry, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi. Bivariate table and chi-square/Fisher Exact test were used. Correlation test has also been applied to know the association between demographic variables and their responses. Conclusions:We conclude that specific scales of the CBCL may help to identify specific comorbidities within ADHD cases in the primary care setting.
Role of External Ventricular Drainage (EVD) in Treating Spontaneous Intraventricular Haemorrhage
Authors: Rahman Md. Mahfuzur , Siddique Md. Shamiul Alam , Islam Md Shafiqul , Sarker Asit Chandra , Das Sukriti , Elahy Fazle , Rahman Md. Zillur
Published: May 2022

Background: There is no consensus in the literature on the effects of the development of hydrocephalus on survival and disability after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and the benefits of external ventricular drainage (EVD). This study is planned to describe the role of external ventricular drainage in treating patients of spontaneous, either primary or secondary, intraventricular haemorrhage with hydrocephalus.Material & Methods:A hospital based prospective interventional study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, which is a tertiary level hospital, from April 2016 to September 2017.Total 42 patients of spontaneous intraventricular haemorrhage, either primary or secondary, with hydrocephalus were selected for this study. All the collected data were entered into IBM SPSS software, Version 24. For statistical analysis, paired t-test to compare the preoperative GCS with postoperative GCS at 24 hours was done.Results:Among 42 patients, age range was 26-75 years with the mean age 65.2 ± 10.87 years. Male were 26 (61.9%) and female were 16 (38.1%). Male-Female ratio was 1.625:1. No patient needed conversion of EVD into VP shunt. EVD drain became blocked in 5 cases which were managed accordingly. 5 patients developed ventriculitis among which 2 patients died and rest 3 improved with antibiotics.Conclusions:The results of present study shows that EVD has a good role in the treatment of spontaneous IVH with hydrocephalus when ICH volume is low (<30ml) and modified Graeb Score is low (≤10 found in this in this study. Preoperative higher GCS or initial improvement in GCS or initial improvement in GCS at 24 hours positively correlates with Glasgow outcome scale which is an indication of good function outcome.