bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity of dynamic synergetic configurations of salience network in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Guo Xiaonan , Zhai Guangjin , Liu Junfeng , Zhang Xia , Zhang Tao , Cui Dong , Zhou Rongjuan , Gao Le
Published: October 2023

Atypical functional connectivity (FC) patterns have been identified in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), especially within salience network (SN) and between SN and default mode network (DMN) and central executive network (CEN). But whether the dynamic configuration of intra‐SN and inter‐SN (SN with DMN and CEN) FC in ASD is also heterogeneous remains unknown. Based on the resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 105 ASD and 102 typically‐developing controls (TC), we calculated the time‐varying FC of intra‐SN and inter‐SN (SN with DMN and CEN). Then, the joint recurrence features for the time‐varying FC were calculated to assess how the SN dynamically recruits different configurations of network segregation and integration in ASD, that is, synergies, from the dynamical systems perspective. We analyzed the differences in synergetic patterns between ASD subtypes obtained by k‐means clustering algorithm based on the synergy of SN and TC, and investigated the relationships between synergy of SN and severity of clinical symptoms of ASD for ASD subtypes. Two ASD subtypes were revealed, where the synergy of SN in ASD subtype 1 has lower stability and periodicity compared to the TC, and ASD subtype 2 exhibits the opposite alteration. Synergy of SN for ASD subtype 1 and 2 was found to predict the severity of communication impairments and restricted and repetitive behaviors in ASD, respectively. These results suggest the existence of subtypes with distinct patterns of the synergy of SN in ASD, and provide insight into the complex pathophysiological mechanism of clinical manifestations of ASD.
Comment on Oberman & Vink: Should we fix or simulate the complete data in simulation studies evaluating missing data methods?
Authors: Morris Tim P. , White Ian R. , Cro Suzie , Bartlett Jonathan W. , Carpenter James R. , Pham Tra My
Published: October 2023

For simulation studies that evaluate methods of handling missing data, we argue that generating partially observed data by fixing the complete data and repeatedly simulating the missingness indicators is a superficially attractive idea but only rarely appropriate to use.
An online research immersion program to increase introductory science student confidence and science identity
Authors: Zheng Erica J. , Oakes Elizabeth , Roden Julie
Published: October 2023

The number of undergraduate students from underrepresented backgrounds enrolled in science and technology‐related courses has increased over the past 20 years, but these students' persistence in STEM majors until graduation still lags behind the overall college population. Interventions like exposure to independent research, instruction using active learning, and connection within a scientific community have been shown to increase persistence and the development of science identity, especially for underrepresented minority students (URM), students with high financial need, and first‐generation college students. However, exposure to research for introductory students can be expensive or challenging for an institution to provide and for some students to access. We designed Wintersession Research Week as a remotely taught, collaborative introduction to independent research for beginning undergraduate students, prioritizing those traditionally underrepresented in STEM (low income, first generation, and URM students). Because this program utilized graduate students as research mentors, we also provided training and mentoring to develop the next generation of science faculty. We found that the program helped undergraduate student participants to develop a scientific identity and increase confidence in their skills, and that graduate students found the experience valuable for their future teaching. We believe that elements of this program are adaptable to both virtual and in‐person settings as an introduction to research, mentorship, and teaching for students and mentors.
Quantitative electroencephalography as a potential biomarker in migraine
Authors: Kim Suk Jae , Yang Kyungjin , Kim Daeyoung
Published: October 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) as a diagnostic tool for migraine and as an indicator of treatment response by comparing QEEG characteristics between migraine patients and controls, and monitoring changes in these characteristics alongside clinical symptoms in response to treatment

Background

We hypothesized that patients with migraine exhibit distinctive characteristics in QEEG measurements, which could be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers and as a tool for monitoring treatment response.

Methods

A total of 720 patients were included in the study, comprising 619 patients with migraine and 101 subjects as a control group. QEEG measurements were analyzed for absolute power across specific frequency bands: delta wave (0.5–4 Hz), theta wave (4–8 Hz), alpha wave (8–12 Hz), beta wave (12–25 Hz), and high beta wave (25–30 Hz). The absolute power was normalized against a normative dataset from NeuroGuide, with electrodes being highlighted for significance if they exceeded 1.96. Clinical symptoms were also monitored for correlation with QEEG changes.

Results

Our analysis showed that patients with migraine exhibited significantly higher absolute power across all frequencies, most markedly within the high beta frequency range. When considering electrodes with z‐scores exceeding the threshold of 1.96 in the high beta range, a significant association with migraine diagnosis was observed (per 1 electrode increase, OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.01–1.11; p = .012). Moreover, pre‐ and posttreatment changes in QEEG measurements corresponded with changes in clinical symptoms.

Conclusion

Patients with migraine have distinctive QEEG measurements, particularly regarding absolute power and the number of electrodes that surpassed the z‐score threshold in high beta wave activity. These findings suggest the potential of QEEG as a diagnostic biomarker and as a tool for monitoring treatment response in migraine patients, warranting further large‐scale studies for confirmation and expansion.
Tourists' environmentally responsible behavior: A new path of sustainable development of grassland tourism
Authors: Wang Xin , Wang Li Jia , Wu Weize , Chen Yuan , Tian Rui
Published: October 2023

Deeply exploring the formation path of tourists' environmentally responsible behavior is of great significance to standardize tourists' behavior and protect the environment of grassland tourist attractions. In this paper, an integrated model that mainly discussed two parts was explored by the stimulus–organism–response (S‐O‐R) theory adopting structural equation model (SEM) and multi‐group analysis (MGA). The first part is the direct role of the service quality, subjective norms, and environmental knowledge in motivating tourists' behavioral attitude and place attachment, as well as the indirect role of those three variables in shaping environmentally responsible behavior. As the second part, the potential moderating influence of visitor gender on the model is also discussed extensively in the paper. According to a survey of grassland tourists (n = 484) from Gansu and Qinghai provinces in China, it could be found that both environmental knowledge through behavioral attitude and service quality through local attachment have indirectly influence on environmentally responsible behavior. Direct and indirect effects of subjective norms on environmentally responsible behavior exist, and the indirect effects are based on behavioral attitude and local attachments. There is a significant moderating effect of gender on the effects of environmental knowledge on behavioral attitude, service quality, and subjective norms on place attachment. Finally, the future research directions were proposed based on existing limitations.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related molecular markers predict prognosis in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Jin Bao , Wang Yuxin , Zhang Baoluhe , Xu Haifeng , Lu Xin , Sang Xinting , Wang Wenze , Mao Yilei , Chen Pengxiao , Wang Shun , Qian Zhirong , Wang Yingyi , Du Shunda
Published: October 2023

Background

Therapeutic approaches for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC) are limited, due to insufficient understanding to biomarkers related to prognosis and drug response. Here, we comprehensively assess the molecular characterization of EHCC with clinical implications.

Methods

Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) on 37 tissue samples of EHCC were performed to evaluate genomic alterations, tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI).

Results

Mutation of KRAS (16%) was significantly correlated to poor OS. ERBB2 mutation was associated with improved OS. ERBB2, KRAS, and ARID1A were three potentially actionable targets. TMB ≥10 mutations per megabase was detected in 13 (35.1%) cases. Six patients (16.2%) with MSIsensor scores ≥10 were found. In multivariate Cox analysis, patients with MSIsensor sore exceed a certain threshold (MSIsensor score ≥0.36, value approximately above the 20th percentile as thresholds) showed a significant association with the improved OS (HR = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.056–0.46, p < 0.001), as well as patients with both TMB ≥3.47 mutations per megabase (value approximately above the 20th percentile) and MSIsensor score ≥0.36.

Conclusions

TMB and MSI are potential biomarkers associated with better prognosis for EHCC patients. Furthermore, our study highlights important genetic alteration and potential therapeutic targets in EHCC.
Anatomy‐driven complexity classification for soft‐tissue tunneling procedures
Authors: Rodriguez Amanda B. , Chan Hsun‐Liang , Velasquez Diego
Published: October 2023

Background

The tunnel technique (TUN) preserves the integrity of the papilla by creating envelope flaps that allow for the insertion of a connective tissue graft, and/or biomaterials.

Methods

(1) A comprehensive overview of tunneling flap procedures in the treatment of gingival recessions (GRs) for soft tissue coverage is presented and (2) A classification system for soft and hard tissue anatomy of GR sites which may aid the clinician in determining the surgical complexity is being introduced.

Results

A novel clinical classification system is proposed to illustrate complexity levels determined by soft and hard tissue anatomy of GR sites such as the mucogingival junction proximity to the gingival margin, bone morphotype, and mucosal margin thickness.

Conclusions

TUN is highly effective in treating single/multiple GRs. Its limitations are related to variability in surgical site anatomy and operator expertise. A classification system based on anatomical soft and hard tissue variations has been proposed to help identify complexity levels encountered during tunneling procedures.

Key points

Site‐related factors directly impact the surgical variables related to tissue trauma, flap tension, soft tissue management, muscle pull, and wound stability during the healing of gingival recessions (GRs).

The achievement of expedited and favorable wound healing is crucial to obtaining quantitative and qualitative success in the treatment of GR and the long‐term stability of root coverage.

A classification system based on anatomical soft and hard tissue variations has been proposed to facilitate tunneling procedures while respecting surgical principles.
When the algorithm ‘matches’ us: The experiences of early‐career psychologists on online platform services for psychotherapy and counselling in Italy
Authors: Margherita Giorgia , Caffieri Alessia , De Maio Nadia
Published: October 2023

Introduction

The spread of online platform services offering psychological psychotherapy and counselling has been observed globally. In Italy, these services were aimed at young people and offered job opportunities to early‐career clinical psychologists.

Aim

The current study aimed to explore the professional experiences of early‐career psychologists (age range: 29–35 years) in working on online platform services that deliver psychotherapy and counselling in Italy.

Method

A total of 13 psychologists practising psychological interventions on online platform services were interviewed. Participants had a mean of 3 years' clinical experience. A thematic analysis, following the qualitative approach of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), was performed.

Results

From the analysis, four superordinate themes emerged: (1) a smart intervention; (2) professional identity; (3) a different and wide contact; and (4) grateful to the platform, loyal to the ‘company’.

Discussion

The online platforms represented a ‘medium’ with a ‘third’ function on a double level. At one level, they mediated between the request of the client and the psychologist, using the suggestions of AI algorithms. At another level, they offered employability and a guide to online interventions to early‐career psychologists. Some critical issues related to ethics emerged considering the difficulty in maintaining the psychologists' autonomy before the affiliation to the business model promoted by the company, which may not match the client's interests.

Conclusion

The study highlights that online platforms promote a new culture of psychological health services, changing the representations and meanings attributed to the online intervention, the clinical profession and the psychologist–client relationship.
Forgotten Perfumery Plants ‐ Part II: New Insights into the Development of Novel Fragrant Ingredients – Hawthorn Case Study
Authors: Bouville Anne‐Sophie , da Fonte Kevin , Portes Pascal , Lhommet Jean‐Charles , Azoulay Stéphane , Fernandez Xavier
Published: October 2023

Naturalness is gaining ground among perfumers and the use of natural raw materials is spreading in perfumery. Forgotten perfumery plants are of concern to develop innovative and natural ingredients for modern perfume industries. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential interest of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. extracts as fragrance ingredient. To this end, various extractions, phytochemical characterizations and organoleptic evaluations of hawthorn were conducted on fresh, frozen, and dried flowering aerial parts, to identify those most likely to be of interest. More than a hundred compounds, anisaldehyde being the predominant one, were characterized for the first time in the volatile fraction, using HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS technology. Impact of plant treatment and harvest year on the extracts were also discussed. From this work, a new and natural hawthorn‐based ingredient was developed to complete the perfumers’ palette.
Anti‐Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity of Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes Conjugated with Quercetin
Authors: Lomada Dakshayani , Gulla Surendra , Reddy Madhava C.
Published: October 2023

Inflammation is closely associated with cancer and leads to the formation of various malignancies. Quercetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid, with numerous pharmaceutical activities like anti‐oxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐tumor effects. Due to its partial solubility in an aqueous solution, its consumption is limited. We recently showed the physicochemical characterization of titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNT) conjugated with quercetin and we found that quercetin conjugated with TNT enhances the anticancer activity in B16F10 cells and induced apoptosis. In the present study, we stimulated the efficiency of quercetin conjugated with titanium dioxide nanotubes and studies their anti‐oxidant, anti‐inflammatory activity. TNT conjugated with quercetin showed less cytotoxic effect towards RAW264.7 macrophages than quercetin alone. The inflammatory stimulation of RAW264.7 with LPS induced the pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐6 and inducible nitric synthase mRNA which were significantly inhibited by treating with TNT‐Qu without causing any toxicity than quercetin and TNT alone. These results suggested that the potential of TNT conjugated with quercetin are better than quercetin and TNT alone and TNT may provide protection against inflammation by down regulating IL‐6 and iNOS.
Recent Developments and Emerging Opportunities for Biomass Derived Carbon Materials in Dye Sensitized Solar Energy Conversion
Authors: Vivekanandhan Singaravelu
Published: October 2023

To meet the ever‐increasing demand for solar energy conversion, the exploration of new materials that improve energy and cost efficiency is great significance. Particularly in dye‐sensitized solar cells, extensive efforts have been made to substitute the traditional metal‐based components with various carbon materials. As the result, carbon materials such as carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, grapheme, and porous carbon materials are explored for their components, which are traditionally derived from fossil resources. Recently these carbon materials are widely synthesized or derived from renewable biomasses and getting important in solar energy conversion due to their similar structural, physicochemical, morphological, and functional features of above stated traditional carbon materials. The utilization of these biocarbon materials offers numerous environmental and economic benefits over traditional carbon materials and creates a new pathway towards a sustainable future. Thus, this review summarizes the recent exploration of biocarbon materials in dye‐sensitized solar cells and discusses their emerging opportunities.
An analysis of statewide college promise programs: Towards a racially equitable future
Authors: Salazar Rogelio
Published: October 2023

As statewide college promise programs continue to develop, emerging equity concerns necessitate interrogating whom programs benefit and how expense funds can be applied. Critical Policy Analysis (CPA) is used in this chapter to understand how statewide promise programs advance or hinder racial equity across eligibility and financial aid support policy. Results are based on 23 statewide promise programs that claim to make community college, and sometimes 4‐year college, free to eligible students. The results reveal that only 34% of statewide programs include summer term and vocational/technical program eligibility. Only 39% of statewide programs include eligibility for undocumented and half‐time enrolled students, and only 13% include justice‐impacted students. This work serves as a call for statewide promise programs to expand eligibility and financial aid support for non‐traditional students to achieve equitable access to statewide promise programs and receive the necessary support for postsecondary success.
Pancreatic tail cancer in the setting of pancreatitis with a review of the literature: A case report
Authors: Rho Shinji , Martin Sooyoung , Nigogosyan Zack , Kushnir Vladimir , Mintz Aaron J. , Hu Zishuo Ian
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical Message

Environmental risk factors for pancreatic cancer include acute and chronic pancreatitis, obesity, and tobacco use. Differentiating a pancreatic neoplasm in a patient with pancreatitis can be challenging due to their similar presentations. A 57‐year‐old African American man with a history of congestive heart failure, pancreatitis, and incomplete pancreas divisum presented with an epigastric abdominal pain that radiated to his back. Imaging showed necrotizing pancreatitis, a developing splenic infarct, and a mass at the pancreas tail. The patient was discharged with pain medications and was recommended follow‐up imaging after resolution of his pancreatitis. He was readmitted to the emergency department 2 weeks later with recurrent acute abdominal pain. Computed tomography scan of abdomen and pelvis followed by magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic ultrasound revealed an infiltrative pancreatic tail mass. Biopsy of the mass confirmed a locally advanced pancreatic tail adenocarcinoma. Chronic pancreatitis is associated with pancreatic cancer. Practitioners should be aware of the co‐existence of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, and the initial steps to evaluate a malignancy in chronic pancreatitis.
A rare case of isolated ACTH deficiency associated with a Rathke's Cleft Cyst and a review of the literature
Authors: Azam Hamza , Tuch Bernard
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical Message

A 78‐year‐old man was referred to clinic due to a 5‐year history of weight loss, lethargy, and pathology showing hyponatremia. In the year prior, he had a hospital admission for symptomatic hyponatremia. MRI brain during that admission showed a 1–2 mm pituitary lesion of unknown significance. Testing during this presentation revealed hypocortisolism with ACTH deficiency. Progress MRI brain revealed the presence of a Rathke's Cleft Cyst (RC). Medical management with glucocorticoids resulted in symptomatic and biochemical parameter improvement. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of isolated ACTH deficiency in the setting of a RC.
Synthetic Applications of Photochemically Generated Radicals from Protic C(sp3)−H Bonds
Authors: O'Brien Tegan E. , Morris Avery O. , Villela Lucas F. , Barriault Louis
Published: October 2023

The utilization of photo‐induced processes in C−H functionalization via radical pathways has emerged as a highly promising strategy for the preparation and modification of complex organic compounds. While current methods for generating carbon‐centred radicals from C−H bonds primarily focus on hydridic C−H bonds to yield nucleophilic radical species, the reactivity and potential applications of electrophilic radicals derived from protic C−H bonds remain largely unexplored. In this review, we aim to shed light on the seminal findings regarding the activation of protic C(sp3)−H bonds while also showcasing noteworthy examples of this radical formation process. Mechanistically diverse modes of activation are discussed, unified by proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) concepts.
Double S‐Scheme Polydopamine/TiO2/Chlorophyll as Stable and Efficient Green Photoelectrocatalyst
Authors: Irodia Roberta , Mîndroiu Mihaela , Bîru Iuliana , Ioniţă Gabriela , Mihai Geanina V. , Enăchescu Marius , Orbeci Cristina , Pîrvu Cristian
Published: October 2023

Inspired by natural photosynthesis, a new green catalyst with better photocatalytic properties was obtained. Nanostructured TiO2, a cheap cost natural Chlorophyll‐a as an electron promotor and a mussel‐inspired polydopamine (PD) bio adhesive were synergistically combined in the double S‐scheme hybrid photocatalysts The role of PD as a bridging molecule between the pigments of Chl and TiO2 was clearly demonstrated by improved charge transfer and recombination rate. Methylorange as a probe molecule was used to test the stability and efficiency of the new photocatalyst. This challenging approach on obtaining new green bioinspired catalysts avoiding critical raw materials is in line with the new vision on catalysts. The results of this study show the effectiveness and stability of the new photocatalyst. Based on the combined effect of PD functionalization and Chl sensitization, the NT/PD‐Chl heterostructure photocatalyst had the best photo(electro)catalytic performance for MO degradation which was shown to be 97.74 % after 180 min.
Wasserstofflogistik: flüssige organische Wasserstoffträger
Authors: Geißelbrecht Michael , Auer Franziska , Kiermaier Stephan , Wasserscheid Peter
Published: October 2023

Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier (LOHCs) stellen eine vielversprechende Alternative zur Speicherung und zum Transport des grünen Energieträgers Wasserstoff dar. Gegenüber den herkömmlichen Verfahren, wie Kompression und Verflüssigung, bietet die LOHC‐Technologie Vorteile in Bezug auf Sicherheit und Verlustfreiheit bei vergleichbarer volumetrischer Energiedichte. Durch reversible chemische Bindung des Wasserstoffs in der LOHC‐Trägerflüssigkeit kann diese als flüssige Pfandflasche angesehen werden. Die Einspeicherung und Freisetzung erfolgen dabei jeweils über eine chemische Reaktion. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden verschiedene Anwendungsszenarien der LOHC‐Technologie und damit zusammenhängende, aktuelle Projekte vorgestellt. Zusammenfassend lässt sich festhalten, dass die Versorgung von Gebäuden mit Strom und Wärme über eine Verknüpfung von LOHC‐Dehydrierung und einer Festoxidbrennstoffzelle (SOFC) realisiert werden kann. Die klimaneutrale Versorgung von Gewerbeparks kann durch Einbindung eines saisonalen LOHC‐Speichers in ein bestehendes Wärmenetz verbessert werden. Die Kopplung mit einem Blockheizkraftwerk ermöglicht dabei die Nutzung aller Wärmeströme und einen hohen Speicherwirkungsgrad. Darüber hinaus kann die LOHC‐Technologie zur Realisierung eines sicheren, günstigen und emissionsfreien Bahnverkehrs auf nicht‐elektrifizierten Strecken beitragen. Im Gegensatz zur Nutzung von gasförmigem Wasserstoff als Treibstoff kann bei der Betankung von Zügen mit dem flüssigen LOHC‐Speichermedium die bestehende Infrastruktur für Diesel genutzt werden.
Electrolyte migration through electrochemical membranes: Potential source of error in batch electrochemical cells
Authors: Ganzoury Mohamed A. , Wu Yichen , de Lannoy Charles‐François
Published: October 2023

Electrochemical membranes (ECMs) and porous electrodes have gained much attention in a broad range of applications including water and wastewater treatment, energy production and storage, and carbon dioxide capture. Lab scale batch experiments (electrochemical stirred cells) are the baseline for developing ECMs and porous electrodes. We observed electrochemical dissolution of metal fasteners (alligator clips), used to hold porous conductive and non‐conductive membranes in batch electrochemical cells, despite being kept outside the electrolyte. The electrolyte migrated through the porous membranes by the action of capillary forces, forming a closed electrochemical circuit with the metal fasteners. This unexpected leaching can lead to misleading results for electrochemical experiments on porous electrodes and ECMs. In this study, we compared (1) porous membranes versus non‐porous electrodes, (2) hydrophilic versus hydrophobic membranes, and (3) conductive versus non‐conductive membranes in their ability to cause capillary wetting‐induced corrosion of metal fasteners. We proposed a simple solution for the problem: separating the metal fasteners from the porous membrane electrode with a non‐porous conductive graphite foil, which keeps the electrochemical circuit open. We have validated this solution and propose it as a standard method for experiments using porous electrodes and electrically conductive membranes.
Impact of heart failure and preoperative platelet count on the postoperative short‐term outcome in infective endocarditis patients
Authors: Wang Junjie , Huang Suiqing , Hou Jian , Feng Kangni , Wu Huawei , Liu Quan , Zhou Zhuoming , Li Huayang , Luo Li , Shang Liqun , Chen Guangxian , Wu Zhongkai
Published: October 2023

Background

Heart failure (HF) and platelet count are often considered risk factors for mortality in patients with infective endocarditis (IE); however, their effects on various complications have not been elucidated.

Hypothesis

We speculated that HF and platelet count have significant impact on the short‐term outcomes of IE.

Methods

This single‐center retrospective study analyzed data from 320 IE patients who underwent surgery. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify the risk factors for adverse outcomes. The effect of the platelet count on the prognosis of patients with HF was determined by subgroup analysis and Kaplan–Meier analysis.

Results

The study population was divided into the HF group (n = 102) and the non‐HF group (n = 218). The median age of the total population was 44.5 years (31–56 years), of which 227 (70.94%) patients were male. The incidence rates of 1‐year all‐cause mortality, cardiac outcomes, and composite outcomes were respectively almost sixfold, fourfold, and threefold higher in the HF group than in the non‐HF group (all p < 0.001). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, HF was an independent risk factor for 1‐year all‐cause mortality, cardiac outcomes, cerebral outcomes, and composite outcomes. The Kaplan–Meier survival curves revealed that the patients with both HF and thrombocytopenia demonstrated the worst composite outcomes than the patients of the other groups (log‐rank p < 0.001). In the HF group, the platelet count was significantly associated with mortality and composite outcomes.

Conclusions

HF and preoperative platelet count are significantly associated with 1‐year all‐cause mortality and adverse outcomes postoperatively in IE patients. Patients with HF and thrombocytopenia have the worst short‐term prognosis.
Effects of intensive blood‐pressure treatment on myocardial work in elderly hypertensive patients: A subcenter study of the STEP randomized controlled trial
Authors: Feng Xiaoxuan , Yan Mengqi , Tang Linghui , Zhou Dan , Wu Shiping , Cai Jun , Feng Yingqing
Published: October 2023

Background

The benefits and safety of intensive blood pressure treatment in elderly hypertensive patients have been proved in the STEP trial. However, relevant mechanisms for intensive treatment are lacking.

Hypothesis

We aimed to explore whether intensive blood pressure treatment is associated with left ventricular systolic function changes as evaluated by myocardial work (MW) parameters in elderly hypertensive patients compared to the standard.

Methods

Patients were randomized to the intensive group (n = 66, median age 66 years, 42.4% male) with a systolic blood pressure (SBP) goal of 110 to <130 mmHg or the standard treatment group (n = 50, median age 63.5 years, 30% male) with an SBP goal of 130–<150 mmHg in this subcenter study of the STEP trial. There was no pre‐randomization echocardiographic collected. Echocardiographic exam was produced at 1‐year (phase 1) and 3‐year (phase 2) post‐randomization.

Results

In phase 1, SBP was already significantly lower in the intensive treatment group than in the standard treatment group (126.5 vs. 132.1 mmHg, p < .05). During a median follow‐up of 40 months, in phase 2, the intensive group still had a lower SBP than the standard treatment group (125.0 vs. 135.3 mmHg, p < .05). Both global work index (GWI) and global constructive work (GCW) decreased significantly in phase in the intensive treatment group but not in the standard group (p < .05). Global wasted work (GWW) increased and global work efficiency (GWE) declined in both groups from phase 1 to phase 2 while no significant difference between the treatment effects. Similarly, left ventricular ejection function (LVEF) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) decreased in the two groups. The multivariate linear regression analysis showed the intensive treatment appeared to be an independent predictor of the ΔGWI (β = −110.92; 95% CI, −197.78 to −30.07, p = .008) and ΔGCW (β = −135.11; 95% CI, −220.33 to −49.88, p = .002).

Conclusions

In elderly hypertensive patients, lower SBP was associated with decreased GWI and GCW and intensive BP treatment did not improve global MW efficiency.
Protein‐Porphyrin Complex Photosensitizers for Anticancer and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapies
Authors: Yamada Taiga , Komatsu Teruyuki
Published: October 2023

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficiently induces apoptosis through visible‐light irradiation of photosensitizers (PSs) within tumors and microbial cells. Porphyrin analogues serve as widely utilized photosensitizing agents with their therapeutic abilities being governed by molecular structures and central metal ions. However, these macrocyclic compounds tend to agglutinate and form stacks in aqueous environments, resulting in a loss of photochemical activity. To overcome this limitation, encapsulation within liposomes and polymer micelles enables the dispersion of porphyrins as monomolecular entities in aqueous solutions, preventing undesirable deactivation. Recently, the use of reconstituted hemoproteins containing various metal‐porphyrins and protein cages incorporating porphyrins has garnered significant interest as a new generation of biocompatible PSs. In this concept paper, we provide a comprehensive review of recent developments and trends of protein‐porphyrin complex PSs for applications in anticancer and antimicrobial PDTs.
Reliability, validity, and change thresholds of the NCCN/FACT Bladder Symptom Index (NFBlSI‐18) in patients with advanced urothelial cancer
Authors: Peipert John D. , Chang Jane , Li Si , di Pietro Alessandra , Cislo Paul , Cappelleri Joseph C. , Cella David
Published: October 2023

Background

The NCCN/FACT Bladder Symptom Index‐18 (NFBlSI‐18) is a bladder cancer–specific instrument. We aimed to psychometrically evaluate the reliability and validity of NFBlSI‐18 and estimate change thresholds for total, disease‐related symptoms‐physical (DRS‐P), DRS‐emotional (DRS‐E), and function/well‐being (F/WB) scales in patients with locally advanced/metastatic urothelial cancer (la/mUC).

Methods

JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial data were analyzed. Anchors to evaluate validity included: 5‐level EuroQoL‐5D utility index (EQ‐5D‐5L UI), visual analog scale (VAS), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, and number of symptoms. Responsiveness to change was tested by anchoring to time to tumor progression (TTP), best overall response (BOR), and differences in means between ECOG categories to estimate meaningful between‐group differences. Meaningful within‐group change thresholds were estimated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, anchoring to change in EQ‐5D‐5L UI. Significant within‐individual patient change thresholds were estimated with reliable and likely change indexes.

Results

Correlations with EQ‐5D‐5L UI and VAS ranged from 0.53 to 0.73. Standardized effect sizes were >0.20. Compared with patients with TTP of ≥6 months, patients with TTP of >0–2 and 3–5 months had larger declines; results for BOR were similar. Thresholds (points) for meaningful between‐group differences were: total, 6–11; DRS‐P, 3–6; and DRS‐E and F/WB, 1. Thresholds (points) for meaningful within‐group worsening were: total, 4; and DRS‐P, 3, and for significant individual change they were: total, 3–9; DRS‐P, 2–6; DRS‐E, 1–3; and F/WB, 2–4.

Conclusions

NFBlSI‐18 exhibited evidence of reliability, validity, and responsiveness to assess quality of life in studies of la/mUC, and change thresholds are established for future studies.

Plain Language Summary

The NCCN/FACT Bladder Symptom Index‐18 (NFBlSI‐18) is a questionnaire used to assess quality of life for people with advanced bladder cancer.

People with advanced bladder cancer who took part in the JAVELIN Bladder 100 study completed the NFBlSI‐18 when they joined the study and after each treatment with avelumab maintenance or best supportive care.

This study showed that NFBlSI‐18 is suitable for capturing bladder cancer symptoms and is able to detect important changes in a person’s quality of life over time.

This study also provides thresholds for changes in NFBlSI‐18 scores, which will be useful for future studies.
Estrogenic regulation of claudin 5 and tight junction protein 1 gene expression in zebrafish: A role on blood–brain barrier?
Authors: Pellegrini Elisabeth , Fernezelian Danielle , Malleret Cassandra , Gueguen Marie‐Madeleine , Patche‐Firmin Jessica , Rastegar Sepand , Meilhac Olivier , Diotel Nicolas
Published: October 2023

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a physical interface between the blood and the brain parenchyma, playing key roles in brain homeostasis. In mammals, the BBB is established thanks to tight junctions between cerebral endothelial cells, involving claudin, occludin, and zonula occludens proteins. Estrogens have been documented to modulate BBB permeability. Interestingly, in the brain of zebrafish, the estrogen‐synthesizing activity is strong due to the high expression of Aromatase B protein, encoded by the cyp19a1b gene, in radial glial cells (neural stem cells). Given the roles of estrogens in BBB function, we investigated their impact on the expression of genes involved in BBB tight junctions. We treated zebrafish embryos and adult males with 17β‐estradiol and observed an increased cerebral expression of tight junction and claudin 5 genes in adult males only. In females, treatment with the nuclear estrogen receptor antagonist (ICI182,780) had no impact. Interestingly, telencephalic injuries performed in males decreased tight junction gene expression that was partially reversed with 17β‐estradiol. This was further confirmed by extravasation experiments of Evans blue showing that estrogenic treatment limits BBB leakage. We also highlighted the intimate links between endothelial cells and neural stem cells, suggesting that cholesterol and peripheral steroids could be taken up by endothelial cells and used as precursors for estrogen synthesis by neural stem cells. Together, our results show that zebrafish provides an alternative model to further investigate the role of steroids on the expression of genes involved in BBB integrity, both in constitutive and regenerative physiological conditions. The link we described between capillaries endothelial cells and steroidogenic neural cells encourages the use of this model in understanding the mechanisms by which peripheral steroids get into neural tissue and modulate neurogenic activity.
Extracranial metastasis of brain glioblastoma outside CNS: Pathogenesis revisited
Authors: Kurdi Maher , Baeesa Saleh , Okal Fahad , Bamaga Ahmed K. , Faizo Eyad , Fathaddin Amany A. , Alkhotani Alaa , Karami Mohammed M. , Bahakeem Basem
Published: October 2023

Background

The most prevalent malignant tumor of the CNS in adults is glioblastoma. Despite undergoing surgery and chemoradiotherapy, the prognosis remains unfavorable, with a median survival period ranging between 15 and 20 months. The incidence of glioblastoma metastasis outside CNS is uncommon with only 0.4%–2% reported rate, compared to other tumors that exhibit a 10% incidence rate of metastasis to the brain. On average, it takes about 11 months from the time of initial diagnosis for the tumor to spread beyond CNS. Consequently, the prognosis for metastatic glioblastoma is grim, with a 6‐month survival rate following diagnosis.

Findings

The rarity of extracranial metastasis is attributed to the blood–brain barrier and lack of a lymphatic drainage system, although rare cases of hematogenous spread and direct implantation have been reported. The possible mechanisms remain unclear and require further investigation. Risk factors have been widely described, including previous craniotomy or biopsies, ventricular shunting, young age, radiation therapy, prolonged survival time, and tumor recurrence. Due to the lack of understanding about extracranial metastasis of glioblastoma pathogenesis, no effective treatment exists to date. Aggressive chemotherapies are not recommended for metastatic glioblastoma as their side effects may worsen the patient prognosis.

Conclusion

The optimal treatment for extracranial metastasis of glioblastoma requires further investigation with a wide inclusion of patients. This review discusses the possible causes, factors, and underlying mechanisms of glioblastoma metastasis to different organs.
Algorithms on low energy spectra of the Hubbard model pertinent to molecular nanomagnets
Authors: Antkowiak M. , Kucharski Ł. , Lemański R. , Kamieniarz G.
Published: October 2023

Computer supported design of materials with tailored properties is an important part of computational science so that developments of new effective algorithms is a key issue. Molecular magnetism deals with complex objects described by the quantum physics and their simulations come up against the computational constraints. In this work, we consider a numerical version of a recently developed hybrid approach that combines the ab initio DFT method with the exact diagonalization of the microscopic Hubbard model (HM). The latter avoids the prior perturbative framework but increases computing resources needed for solving the eigenvalue problem of the matrix representation of HM. We demonstrate that in the case of the ring‐shape molecular nanomagnets the computational demands can be curbed due to efficient numerical matrix construction algorithms provided. These algorithms pertain both to the calculation of the single nonzero matrix elements and to their localization in the final sparse matrix that is subsequently diagonalized. Their implementation executed on a simple six‐core‐computer system and the Mathematica environment leads to a significant gain in the computing time for the exemplary chromium‐based molecule denoted Cr, running the code sequentially. We claim, referring to the numerical diagonalization of the spin Hamiltonian matrices, that the parallelization flaws related to the high‐level programming approach can be all removed, porting the code to the appropriate HPC environment. A prospective implementation of the code, based on some dedicated and optimized mathematical libraries, will ultimately open a window for further applications of the Hubbard model in molecular magnetism.
Analysis of pesticide residues in potato varieties using modified quechers multi‐residue method combined with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometric detection
Authors: Oyoo‐Ilukol Judith , Abong George Ooko , Okoth Michael Wandayi , Nyongesa Moses Wabomba
Published: October 2023

Regular monitoring of pesticide residues in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) is important to ensure a low risk of pesticide toxicity to consumers. An efficient, modified quick easy cheap effective rugged safe‐dispersive‐solid‐phase extraction (QuEChERS‐ d‐SPE) was optimized and validated for quantification of pesticide residues (metalaxyl, chlorpyrifos, λ‐cyhalothrin, and cypermethrin) in popular Kenyan potato varieties “Shangi,” “Tigoni,” and “Dutch Robyjn,” grown under controlled field conditions using gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (GC‐MS/MS). An evaluation of the effect of five spraying frequencies (unsprayed, 5, 7, 10, and 14‐day intervals) of metalaxyl‐based fungicides on residue levels in harvested potatoes was simultaneously done. Metalaxyl residue levels in the varieties were determined for each spraying regime. Method validation showed good linearity (r2) of 0.988–0.999, detection limit (0.37–0.61 µg/L), quantification limit (1.20–1.84 µg/L) while recovery (71%–94%), and precision (relative standard deviation of 2.3%–24.1%) were used to determine the accuracy of the method. Pyrethroids (cypermethrin and λ‐cyhalothrin) and organophosphates (metalaxyl and chlorpyrifos) were detected in the potato samples. Residue levels of the compounds were not significantly different (p = 0.05) between varieties except for chlorpyrifos. Cypermethrin was the residue compound detected at the highest mean level with 17.4 µg/L, followed by metalaxyl, chlorpyrifos, and λ‐cyhalothrin, at 2.88, 1.05, and 0.15 µg/L, respectively. Residue levels at different spraying frequencies varied statistically between varieties (p = 0.05). Dutch Robyjn sprayed at seven days’ intervals had the highest residue level of 9.49 ± 0.26 µg/L. QuEChERS‐d‐SPE with GC‐MS/MS has shown suitability for routine pesticide residue monitoring in potatoes. The potatoes grown under the controlled experimental conditions did not present any concern for human health, as the pesticide residues detected were below Codex maximum residue levels of 500 µg/L.
Corporate social responsibility, board characteristics, and family business in Thailand
Authors: Padungsaksawasdi Chaiyuth , Treepongkaruna Sirimon
Published: October 2023

Exploring the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy, family business, and board characteristics in Thailand provides invaluable insights into how boards of family businesses integrate CSR considerations, leading to responsible business practices and sustainable development in Thailand. Relying on the top 100 listed firms in the Stock Exchange of Thailand and the Refinitiv's CSR strategy score, we find that family business firms or firms with CEO serving as the chairman of board engage less CSR strategy, being consistent with the agency cost hypothesis and the expropriation view of family businesses. Additionally, in line with the resource dependency theory, female directors, independent directors, board tenure, and board size positively influence a firm's CSR. Additional analyses including the Heckman's sample selection bias and 2SLS instrumental variable approaches show that our results are robust and are not driven by unobserved heterogeneity. More importantly, gender diversity is an exemplary governance mechanism as it is the only board characteristic with a positive effect on CSR in both family and non‐family sub‐samples. While board tenure is positively associated with CSR in the non‐family business sample, larger board size and more board independence in the family business positively influence a firm's CSR. Findings from the family business sample support the functional view of board and socioemotional wealth of family firms.
Best practices for instrument settings and raw data analysis in plant flow cytometry
Authors: Koutecký Petr , Smith Tyler , Loureiro João , Kron Paul
Published: October 2023

Flow cytometry (FCM) is now the most widely used method to determine ploidy levels and genome size of plants. To get reliable estimates and allow reproducibility of measurements, the methodology should be standardized and follow the best practices in the field. In this article, we discuss instrument calibration and quality control and various instrument and acquisition settings (parameters, flow rate, number of events, scales, use of discriminators, peak positions). These settings must be decided before measurements because they determine the amount and quality of the data and thus influence all downstream analyses. We describe the two main approaches to raw data analysis (gating and histogram modeling), and we discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we provide a summary of best practice recommendations for data acquisition and raw data analysis in plant FCM.
Hematopoietic stem cells and extramedullary hematopoiesis in the lungs
Authors: Reichard Andrew , Wanner Nicholas , Farha Samar , Asosingh Kewal
Published: October 2023

Hematopoietic stem cells are key players in hematopoiesis as the body maintains a physiologic steady state, and the signaling pathways and control mechanisms of these dynamic cells are implicated in processes from inflammation to cancer. Although the bone marrow is commonly regarded as the site of hematopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell residence, these cells also circulate in the blood and reside in extramedullary tissues, including the lungs. Flow cytometry is an invaluable tool in evaluating hematopoietic stem cells, revealing their phenotypes and relative abundances in both healthy and diseased states. This review outlines current protocols and cell markers used in flow cytometric analysis of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell populations. Specific niches within the bone marrow are discussed, as are metabolic processes that contribute to stem cell self‐renewal and differentiation, as well as the role of hematopoietic stem cells outside of the bone marrow at physiologic steady state. Finally, pulmonary extramedullary hematopoiesis and its associated disease states are outlined. Hematopoiesis in the lungs is a new and emerging concept, and discovering ways in which the study of lung‐resident hematopoietic stem cells can be translated from murine models to patients will impact clinical treatment.