bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pembentukan Kabinet dalam Sistem Pemerintahan Presidensil di Indonesia: Studi Komparasi UUD 1945 Sebelum Dan Setelah Perubahan
Authors: Firdaus Arifin
Published: January 2025

The amendment to the 1945 Constitution brought significant changes to the cabinet formation mechanism in Indonesia, especially related to the checks and balances between the executive and legislative power. Before the amendment, the president had a broad authority in forming a cabinet without parliamentary oversight, which often led to centralization of power and low accountability. This study aims to analyze the impact of the amendment to the 1945 Constitution on the President's authority in forming a cabinet and how these changes affect the stability and effectiveness of government. Using a normative legal research approach with a comparative method, this study compares the periods before and after the amendment to explore the role of the legislature in the cabinet formation process. The results show that although the amendment strengthened the principle of democracy by increasing the House of Representatives' oversight, it also caused political fragmentation that hampered the process of political negotiation and government effectiveness. The implications of this study indicate the need for further reform in governance to ensure cabinet stability and improve government efficiency without compromising democratic principles.Keywords: Government System, Presidential, Parliamentary, Constitution
Abstrak. Amandemen UUD 1945 membawa perubahan signifikan dalam proses pembentukan kabinet di Indonesia, terutama terkait dengan mekanisme checks and balances antara eksekutif dan legislatif. Sebelum amandemen, presiden memiliki kewenangan yang sangat luas dalam pembentukan kabinet tanpa pengawasan parlemen, yang sering menimbulkan sentralisasi kekuasaan dan rendahnya akuntabilitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak amandemen UUD 1945 terhadap kewenangan presiden dalam pembentukan kabinet dan bagaimana perubahan ini memengaruhi stabilitas serta efektivitas pemerintahan. Menggunakan pendekatan penelitian hukum normatif dengan metode komparatif, penelitian ini membandingkan periode sebelum dan sesudah amandemen untuk mengeksplorasi peran legislatif dalam proses pembentukan kabinet. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun amandemen memperkuat prinsip demokrasi dengan meningkatkan pengawasan DPR, hal ini juga menyebabkan fragmentasi politik yang menghambat proses negosiasi politik dan efektivitas pemerintahan. Implikasi dari penelitian ini menunjukkan perlunya reformasi lebih lanjut dalam tata kelola pemerintahan untuk memastikan stabilitas kabinet dan meningkatkan efisiensi pemerintahan tanpa mengurangi prinsip-prinsip demokrasi.Kata Kunci: Sistem Pemerintahan, Presidensial, Parlementer, Konstitusi
A Proof of the Riemann Hypothesis Based on a New Expression of the Completed Zeta Function
Authors: Zhang Weicun
Published: January 2025

The Riemann Hypothesis (RH) is proved based on a new expression of the completed zeta function $\xi(s)$, which was obtained through paring the conjugate zeros $\rho_i$ and $\bar{\rho}_i$ in the Hadamard product, with consideration of the multiplicity of zeros, i.e. $$\xi(s)=\xi(0)\prod_{\rho}(1-\frac{s}{\rho})=\xi(0)\prod_{i=1}^{\infty}(1-\frac{s}{\rho_i})(1-\frac{s}{\bar{\rho}_i})=\xi(0)\prod_{i=1}^{\infty}\Big{(}\frac{\beta_i^2}{\alpha_i^2+\beta_i^2}+\frac{(s-\alpha_i)^2}{\alpha_i^2+\beta_i^2}\Big{)}^{m_{i}}$$ where $\xi(0)=\frac{1}{2}$, $\rho_i=\alpha_i+j\beta_i$ and $\bar{\rho}_i=\alpha_i-j\beta_i$ are the complex conjugate zeros of $\xi(s)$, $0<\alpha_i<1$ and $\beta_i\neq 0$ are real numbers, $m_i\geq 1$ is the multiplicity of $\rho_i$, finite and unique, $0<|\beta_1|\leq|\beta_2|\leq \cdots$. Then, according to the functional equation $\xi(s)=\xi(1-s)$, we have $$\prod_{i=1}^{\infty}\Big{(}1+\frac{(s-\alpha_i)^2}{\beta_i^2}\Big{)}^{m_{i}}=\prod_{i=1}^{\infty}\Big{(}1+\frac{(1-s-\alpha_i)^2}{\beta_i^2}\Big{)}^{m_{i}}$$ Owing to the divisibility contained in the above equation and the uniqueness of $m_i$, it is equivalent to $$\Big{(}1+\frac{(s-\alpha_i)^2}{\beta_i^2}\Big{)}^{m_{i}}=\Big{(}1+\frac{(1-s-\alpha_i)^2}{\beta_i^2}\Big{)}^{m_{i}}, i=1, 2, 3, \dots, \infty $$ which is further equivalent to $$\alpha_i=\frac{1}{2}, 0<|\beta_1|<|\beta_2|<|\beta_3|<\cdots, i=1, 2, 3, \dots, \infty$$ Thus we conclude that the RH is true.
Comparison of Surgical Outcomes Between Single-Port Assess Laparoscopic and Single-Site Robotic Surgery in Benign Gynecologic Diseases: A Single-Center Cohort Study
Authors: Hyun Suk Hwan , Yoo Ji Geun , Jung Ye Won , Shin Won Kyo , Song Soo Youn , Choi Jae Sung , Ko Young Bok , Lee Mina , Kang Byung Hun , Park Mia , Kim You Jin , Yoo Heon Jong
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: To compare the outcomes of single-port assessment laparoscopic surgery (SPALS) and single-site robotic surgery (SSRS) for benign gynecological diseases. Methods: The clinical data of 367 patients who underwent gynecologic surgery at Sejong Chungnam National University Hospital from October 2020 to December 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. Of these 367 patients, 197 received SPALS while 170 underwent SSRS. The SPALS group comprise 87 hysterectomies, 107 adnexal surgeries (44 cystectomies, 63 adnexectomies) and 1 myomectomy. The SSRS group includes 68 myomectomies, 61 adnexal surgeries (52 cystectomies, 9 adnexectomies), 35 hysterectomies, and 4 sacrocolpopexies. Results: The results showed that both surgical techniques were successful, and no patients underwent open surgery. There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics between the two groups. Compared with the SPALS group, the SSRS group had younger age (39.8±9.5 vs 44.5±12.3 years, p = 0.001). Severe intra-abdominal adhesions were more frequently observed in the SSRS group (p = 0.004). Operation time (118.1±65.9 vs 57.1±27.3 min, p = 0.001) and gas passing time (39.4±15.37 vs 30.4±13.5 hours, p = 0.001) were found to be longer, along with more hospital days (4.26±1.02 vs 4.02±0.8 days, p = 0.012), in SSRS group. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative complications, or readmission rates. Conclusions: SSRS offers a feasible and promising approach for treating gynecological benign diseases. Younger and lower parity patients tend to have SSRS, compare to SPALS, and SSRS was mainly used for myomectomy and complex adnexal surgery. However, operation time and gas passing time were found to be longer in SSRS group.
Integrative Trait Analysis for Enhancing Heat Stress Resilience in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.): A Focus on Root, Physiological, and Yield Adaptations
Authors: Mohammed1 Sharukh Pasha , Yen Jo-Yi , Hsu1 Yun-Chen , Chou2 Hsiu-Yi , Natarajan Sritharan , Eybishitz Assaf
Published: January 2025

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is economically important worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, and production is significantly affected by climate change, notably heat stress. This study evaluated the effects of heat stress on root and shoot morphology, photosynthesis, fruit set, and yield traits in five tomato genotypes to identify the characteristics that differentiate heat tolerance from susceptibility, which will enable us to identify sources for key traits for breeding. The heat stress experiment was conducted during the summer under naturally high temperature conditions in a polyhouse, while a non-stress trial was conducted during the winter under permissive natural conditions in a polyhouse. Significant differences were observed between the trials and among genotypes, with heat tolerant MG785-1 and CLN1621L demonstrating superior root system architecture, greater leaf area and better physiological performance compared to the susceptible genotype CLN3961D. Root dry weight and root to shoot ratio were key indicators for heat tolerance, while the photosynthetic rate was critical for maintaining plant growth under stress. These findings highlight the importance of strong root systems and effective photosynthesis for heat tolerant tomato, providing new insights into improving crop resilience for regions affected by climate change.
Instrumentation and Evaluation of a Sensing System with Signal Conditioning Using Fuzzy Logic for a Rotary Dryer
Authors: Tabares-Martinez Juan Manuel , Guzmán-López Adriana , Bravo Sánchez Micael Gerardo , Barranco-Gutiérrez Alejandro Israel , Martínez Nolasco Juan José , Villaseñor-Ortega Francisco
Published: January 2025

The growing need for innovative solutions for the precise measurement of variables in dehydration processes has driven the development of advanced measurement technologies and instrumentation techniques. This study focuses on the evaluation of a measurement system in a rotary dryer used to dehydrate carrots with an initial water content of 85% at an operating temperature of 70°C. The system employs the Arduino platform, strain gauges, and LM35 temperature sensors as primary sensors, known for their high sensitivity. Experimental tests were designed to evaluate the performance of the dryer, using initial carrot quantities of 1.5 kg, 1.0 kg, and 0.5 kg. The key innovation lies in the integration of a signal conditioning system applying fuzzy logic, designed in MATLAB and programmed into Arduino. The dryer reduces the water content of the product to a final average of 10%. The highest efficiency in dehydration rate was observed in the experiment with a 0.5 kg carrot load. The best utilization of transferred heat in the dryer was recorded when dehydrating 1.5 kg of carrots. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed sensing system and highlight its potential application in various fields requiring high precision dehydration parameter measurements.
Gluten-Free Food for Treatment of Celiac Disease. Is It Time to Reconsider the Gluten Threshold? A Scoping Review
Authors: Catassi Carlo , Monachesi Chiara , Catassi Giulia Naspi , Lionetti Elena Maria
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives. Rules for gluten-free (GF) food varies throughout the world. A maximum gluten level of 20 parts per million (ppm) in GF items is allowed in countries adopting the Codex Alimentarius recommendation, e.g. USA, Canada, UK, and the EU. More stringent criteria (no detectable gluten) are requested in other countries, e.g. Australia. However, only few data are available on the toxicity/safety of gluten traces in the diet of patients with celiac disease (CeD). The aim of this review was to review the scientific background of the gluten threshold in GF food. Methods. Studies on the dose-effect relationship between the amount of low gluten and detectable damage in CeD patients were examined and critically reviewed within the context of the current Codex Alimentarius rules. Results. A gluten dose higher than 10 mg per day, corresponding to 500 g of daily GF products at 20 ppm, may be harmful for most CeD patients. There is wide inter-patient variability in the response to a gluten intake of 10 mg. The potential toxicity of gluten traces < 10 mg/day of gluten remains unclear. Conclusions. The 20 ppm gluten threshold is safe for most patients, however further randomized controlled trials are required to evaluate the effects of 0-10 mg/day of gluten intake and, consequently, the safety of the current threshold at 20 ppm for “hypersensitive” CeD patients. New techniques, e.g. IL-2 measurement after a single-dose gluten challenge, may facilitate the investigation of the gluten dose-response curve, particularly in the low range of gluten intake.
Application of Symmetric Neural Networks for Bead Geometry Determination in Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)
Authors: Fernández-Zabalza Aitor , Veiga Fernando , Suárez Alfredo , Uralde Virginia , Sandua Xabier , Alfaro and José Ramón
Published: January 2025

Accurate prediction of weld bead geometry is crucial for ensuring the quality and consistency of Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM), a specific form of Directed Energy Deposition (DED) that utilizes arc welding. Despite advancements in process control, predicting the shape and dimensions of weld beads remains challenging due to the complex interactions between process parameters and material behavior. This paper addresses this challenge by exploring the application of symmetrical neural networks to enhance the accuracy and reliability of geometric predictions in WAAM. By leveraging advanced machine learning techniques and incorporating the inherent symmetry of the welding process, the proposed models aim to precisely forecast weld bead geometry. The use of neuronal networks and experimental validation demonstrate the potential of symmetrical neural networks to improve prediction precision, contributing to more consistent and optimized WAAM outcomes.
Crosstalk Between Autophagy and Oxidative Stress in Hematological Malignancies: Mechanisms, Implications, and Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Cabrera-Serrano Antonio José , Sánchez-Maldonado José Manuel , González-Olmedo Carmen , Carretero-Fernández María , Díaz-Beltrán Leticia , Gutiérrez-Bautista Juan Francisco , García-Verdejo Francisco José , Gálvez-Montosa Fernando , López-López José Antonio , García-Martín Paloma , Pérez Eva María , Sánchez Rovira Pedro , Reyes-Zurita Fernando Jesús , Sainz Juan
Published: January 2025

Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process that maintains homeostasis by degrading damaged components and regulating stress responses. It plays a crucial role in cancer biology, including tumor progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Oxidative stress, similarly, is key to maintaining cellular balance by regulating oxidants and antioxidants, with its disruption leading to molecular damage. The interplay between autophagy and oxidative stress is particularly significant, as reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as both inducers and by-products of autophagy. While autophagy can function as a tumor suppressor in early cancer stages, it often shifts to a pro-tumorigenic role in advanced disease, aiding cancer cell survival under adverse conditions such as hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. This dual role is mediated by several signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, AMPK, and HIF-1α, which coordinate the balance between autophagic activity and ROS production. In this review, we explore the mechanisms by which autophagy and oxidative stress interact across different hematological malignancies. We discuss how oxidative stress triggers autophagy, creating a feedback loop that promotes tumor survival, and how autophagic dysregulation leads to increased ROS accumulation, exacerbating tumorigenesis. We also examine the therapeutic implications of targeting the autophagy-oxidative stress axis in cancer. Current strategies involve modulating autophagy through specific inhibitors, enhancing ROS levels with pro-oxidant compounds, and combining these approaches with conventional therapies to overcome drug resistance. Understanding the complex relationship between autophagy and oxidative stress provides critical insights into novel therapeutic strategies aimed at improving cancer treatment outcomes.
Relationship Between Frailty and Risk of Falls Among Hospitalised Older People with Cardiac Conditions: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Rivas-González Noel , López María , Martín-Gil Belén , Fernández-Castro Mercedes , Castro María José , San Román J. Alberto
Published: January 2025

Background/Objetive: Population ageing promotes the occurrence of cardio-vascular diseases, frailty, and risk of falls.To determine the relationship between frailty, risk of falls, and length of hospital stay in hospitalised older adults with cardiac condi-tions. Methods: Observational study of a cohort of patients aged ≥60 years admitted to a cardiology unit (2022–2024). Frailty was assessed using the Fried Frailty Phenotype, risk of falls using the J.H. Downton scale, and dependency level using the Barthel index. Clin-ical variables and anthropometric measurements were analysed alongside length of stay. Statistical analysis: quantitative variables were expressed as means and standard devia-tions, and categorical variables as frequencies. Associations were analysed using Stu-dent’s t-tests, chi-squared tests, and Kruskal-Wallis tests for comparisons of three or more groups. Relationships between frailty, risk of falls, and other variables were examined us-ing univariate binary logistic regression, with a 95% confidence interval and statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 144 patients were recruited (mean age=73.08 years [SD=7.95]) (women=33.30%). Frailty was associated with waist circumference in men (p=0.01) and diastolic blood pressure in women (p=0.05). Frailty was further linked to Downton scores (odds ratio [OR]=1.565; 95% CI:1.156–2.120; p=0.004), age (OR=1.114; 95% CI:1.058–1.173; p=0.000), Barthel index (OR=0.902; 95% CI:0.854–0.953; p=0.000), and length of stay (OR=1.101; 95% CI:1.021–1.186; p=0.012).Conclusions: Frailty ap-pears to be related to Downton scores and impacts the length of hospital stay in older adults hospitalised with cardiac conditions.
Securing Land Tenure Through Participatory Upgrading Processes: Women’s Experiences in Freedom Square, Gobabis, Namibia
Authors: Ahmed Tanzila , Ley Astrid , Salheen Mohamed , Kohima Jennilee
Published: January 2025

In Namibia, informal settlements are usually upgraded by a participatory process that works to provide inhabitants with land tenure security through the Flexible Land Tenure Act (FLTA), followed by the provision of access to basic services. The pilot FLTA implementation case is the upgrading of Freedom Square settlement in Gobabis, which was a unique woman-led process. This research analyzes both the experiences of the women participating during the process as well as the immediate and long-term perceived impacts on their lives. The empirical data was collected through interviews and a focus group discussion with experts and key participants in the development process. Findings shed light on the unresolved socio-economic challenges that the participating women had faced including the influence of other stakeholders on their involvement and changing family dynamics throughout. The main goals of receiving land tenure and service provision were partially fulfilled. However, the long-term impact of the process on women is widely varied from how it was initially envisioned. The results show that in order for participatory land tenure processes to become inclusive a stronger gender-mainstreaming becomes necessary. It also emphasizes the alignment of goals of all stakeholders as a key factor for long term success.
Understanding Psychosocial Barriers to Healthcare Technology Adoption: A Review of TAM and UTAUT Frameworks
Authors: Lee Ann Thong , Ramasamy R Kanesaraj , Subbarao Anusuyah
Published: January 2025

Background: Leveraging healthcare technology is necessary to improve human development and well-being. However, effective adoption is frequently delayed by behavioural and psycholog-ical barriers, such as perceived usefulness, trust, and organisational readiness. This systematic re-view examines the suitability of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) frameworks in healthcare settings, focusing on understanding the behavioural, educational, and psychological factors that influence technology adoption. Methods: A total of 20 peer-reviewed articles published between 2019 and 2024 were thoroughly reviewed in this study. The psychological elements impacting technology acceptance and ways for overcoming resistance were identified by examining research that used TAM, UTAUT, or their variations in healthcare settings. Results: The review identified important or-ganisational and psychological obstacles to the use of technology in healthcare. While UTAUT provided a more comprehensive viewpoint, it needed to be modified to include context-specific factors including trust, facilitating circumstances, and educational interventions. Meanwhile, TAM's emphasis on perceived usefulness and ease of use was shown to be insufficient for dealing with complex healthcare situations. Conclusion: Both TAM and UTAUT are helpful techniques for understanding the adoption of healthcare technology when appropriately adjusted. The results highlight the importance of interventions targeting stakeholders' organisational and psychological preparation, together with the educational strategies in order to overcome opposition and enhance trust. Future research should look into integrative frameworks that incorporate behavioural, psy-chological, and instructional tactics in order to enhance the use of technology in healthcare.
Two-step Optimization Method of Freight Train Speed Curve Based on Rolling Optimization Algorithm and MPC
Authors: Sun Xubin , Li Jingjing , Zhang Wei , Sun Guiyang , Zhang Xiyao , Xu Hongze
Published: January 2025

Given the considerable length and weight of freight trains, their operation can be quite challenging. Improper operation may lead to train decoupling and derailment. Driver Advisory Systems (DASs) are used in some countries to assist the train drivers by providing the speed curves, which are desired to be easy to track. Multi-mass train model is a good choice to depict the in-train forces in train speed curve generating, but its application is often hindered by the computation time. Single mass train model is considered as another choice to simplify the computation. To exploit the advantages of the multi-mass and single mass models, this paper proposes a Two-step Optimization Method to generate the optimal speed curves for the freight trains. In the first step, the Rolling Optimization Algorithm (ROA) is proposed to optimize the speed curve on the basis of single mass model, taking the train energy consumption and punctuality as the optimization objectives. In order to assist the driver to operate the train smoothly, the speed curve generated by the ROA was tested on DAS, but it could not be followed accurately in actual operation. To solve this problem, a Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm based on multi-mass model is adopted as the second optimization step, which takes the output speed curve of the ROA as the reference speed curve. The MPC algorithm will generate a new speed curve, taking in-train forces, energy consumption and punctuality as the optimization indices. Simulations are carried out using the data of Dalailong railway in China to evaluate the proposed method. The simulation results show that the speed curves generated by Two-step Optimization Method are smoother than that of the ROA, and the throttle sequences are more conducive for the driver to follow in practical operation. The simulation results show that the energy consumption is reduced by 17.1% compared to that of ROA simulation. The speed curve also can be integrated into the onboard DAS or the Automatic Train Operation (ATO) system, aiming to obtain a smooth and energy-efficient train operation.
Statistical Analysis of the Mechanisms of COVID-19 Spread Among Japan's Prefectures
Authors: Kyo Koki , Yagishita Sosuke , Yagishita-Kyo Nan
Published: January 2025

In this study, we analyzed daily time series data of new COVID-19 positive cases in each prefecture of Japan to investigate the mechanisms behind the spread of the virus. First, we decomposed the time series data for each prefecture into trend, weekly variation, and short-term components. Using the trend components, we estimated the time lag of infection spread between prefectures and found that Okinawa and Tokyo were leading the spread compared to other prefectures. We also analyzed factors affecting the lag values. Furthermore, through cluster analysis, we grouped all prefectures into 13 categories and conducted a detailed analysis of the infection transition structure within each group. The results suggested that regions centered around Tokyo in the Kanto area served as the epicenter, influencing nationwide spread through areas centered around Osaka and Kyoto. Additionally, we examined the effects of holidays and seasonal variations in the short-term components using regression analysis. The findings confirmed that the effect of holidays was negative immediately after the holidays but became significantly positive one week later. Regarding seasonal effects, the greatest positive impact occurred in November, while a negative impact was observed in March.
Towards Rapid and Low-Cost Stroke Detection Using SERS and Machine Learning
Authors: Freitas Cristina , Eleutério João , Soares Gabriela , Enea Maria , Nunes Daniela , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo , Aguas Hugo , Pereira Eulália , Vieira Helena L. A. , Ferreira Lucio Studer , Franco Ricardo
Published: January 2025

Stroke affects approximately 12 million individuals annually, necessitating swift diagnosis to avert fatal outcomes. Current hospital imaging protocols often delay treatment, underscoring the need for portable diagnostic solutions. We have investigated silver nanostars (AgNS) bioconju-gates with human plasma, deposited on a simple aluminum foil substrate and utilizing Sur-face-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) combined with machine learning (ML) to provide a proof-of-concept for rapid differentiation of stroke types. These are the seminal steps for the de-velopment of a low-cost pre-hospital diagnostics at point-of-care, with potential for improving patient outcomes. The proposed SERS assay aims to classify plasma from stroke patients, differ-entiating hemorrhagic from ischemic stroke. Bioconjugates were prepared by combining AgNS with plasma, spiked with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a biomarker elevated in hemor-rhagic stroke. SERS spectra were analyzed using ML to distinguish between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, mimicked by different concentrations of GFAP. Key innovations include optimized bioconjugate formation, controlled plasma-to-AgNS ratios, and a low-cost aluminum foil substrate, enabling results within 15 minutes. Differential analysis revealed stroke-specific protein profiles, while ML improved classification accuracy through ensemble modeling and feature engineering. The integrated ML model achieved rapid and precise stroke predictions within seconds, demonstrating the assay's potential for immediate clinical decision-making.
Complementary Characterization and Selective Synthesis of Cyclic and Dimeric Analogues of the Antimicrobial Peptide Cm-p5
Authors: Morales Vicente Fidel Ernesto , Espinosa Luis A. , Díaz-Pico Erbio , Martell-Huguet Ernesto M. , Garcia Melaine Gonzalez , Ojeda Gerardo , González Luis Javier , Rodriguez-Alfonso Armando , Garay-Pérez Hilda E. , Franco Octavio Luiz , Rosenau Frank , Otero-Gonzalez Anselmo J. , Ständker Ludger
Published: January 2025

Cm-p5, as well as its cyclic monomer and dimeric analogues are known for their antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and antibiofilm activities. Previously, our cyclization method generated a mixture of peptides that were difficult to separate, which was then improved by a selective synthesis of the parallel dimer and its differentiation from the antiparallel by comparing the retention times in RP-HPLC. Here, we developed a more reliable identification method, comprising chymotrypsin proteolytic degradation and sequencing of the different fragments by ESI-MSMS, for the Cm-p5 dimer identification. Also, we improved our cyclization methods to specifically produce higher amounts of the desired cyclic variant, either cyclic monomer or dimer. We show that liquid phase oxidation with 20% DMSO or iodine oxidation affords only the cyclic analogue. However, the on-resin oxidation with iodine showed more efficacy and efficiency. Also, cyclization in liquid phase renders the antiparallel dimer in high EtOH or peptide concentration, indicating a kinetic control. On the other hand, the parallel dimer was preferentially produced in 5% of TFE and low peptide concentration without the formation of the cyclic analogue indicating a thermodynamic control. In summary, we report that chymotryptic digestion combined with ESI-MS and MS/MS allows an unambiguous differentiation of Cm-p5 dimers. Here we demontrate demonstrate a more selective and efficient synthesis yielding in high amounts of the cyclic analogue and the dimers of Cm-p5.
Perspectives on Diet and Exercise Interaction for Healthy Aging: Opportunities to Reduce Malnutrition Risk and Optimize Fitness
Authors: Moradell Ana , Casajús Jose Antonio , Moreno Luis A. , Vicente-Rodríguez Germán
Published: January 2025

The combination of nutrition and exercise plays a pivotal role in counteracting the effects of ageing, promoting health, and improving physical fitness in older adults. However, the high prevalence of malnutrition in this population is a critical challenge, often un-derestimated in scientific research. This perspective report examines the interplay be-tween dietary intake and exercise, focusing on their combined potential to preserve muscle mass, cognitive function, and overall health and quality of life.
A significant gap in the literature lies in the frequent neglect of dietary intake when designing exercise interventions for older adults and vice versa. This omission may limit the effectiveness of such programs, highlighting the need for a more integrated approach. Additionally, ensuring adequate nutritional requirements—particularly protein, essen-tial amino acids, and micronutrients—is crucial for supporting the physiological demands of exercise and preventing sarcopenia and malnutrition. Recent advances in supple-mentation strategies, such as omega-3 fatty acids, creatine, and essential amino acids, are explored alongside emerging research on the gut microbiota’s role in mediating exercise and nutrition benefits. Despite these developments, questions remain regarding optimal dosages, timing, and individual responses to supplementation and exercise regimens.
Finally, our study underscores the importance of personalized approaches tailored to the specific health objectives, sex differences, gut microbiota diversity and composition and baseline conditions of older adults. By addressing these gaps, future research can better inform integrated strategies that maximize the benefits of nutrition and exercise, fostering healthy and active ageing.
Exploring the Immunological Aspects and Treatments of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Recurrent Implantation Failure
Authors: Garmendia Jenny Valentina , De Sanctis Claudia Valentina , Hajduch Marian , De Sanctis Juan Bautista
Published: January 2025

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as the occurrence of two or more consecutive pregnancy losses before 24 weeks of gestation. It affects 3-5% of women who are attempting to conceive. RPL can stem from a variety of causes and is frequently associated with psychological distress and a diminished quality of life. In contrast, recurrent implantation failure (RIF) refers to the inability to achieve a successful pregnancy after three or more high-quality embryo transfers or at least two instances of egg donation. RIF shares several causative factors with RPL. The immunological underpinnings of these conditions involve alterations in uterine NK cells, a reduction in M2 macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, an increased Th1/Th2 ratio, a decreased Treg/Th17 ratio, the presence of shared ≥3 HLA alleles between partners, and auto-immune disorders. Various therapeutic approaches have been employed to address these immunological concerns, achieving varying degrees of success, although some therapies remain contentious within the medical community. This review intends to explore the immunological factors implicated in RPL and RIF and to analyze the immunological treatments employed for these conditions, which may include steroids, intravenous immunoglobulins, calcineurin inhibitors, anti-TNF antibodies, intralipid infusions, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and lymphocyte immunotherapy
Perceptions on the Implementation of a School Nursing Pilot Programme in the Canary Islands: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Fernández-Hernández Aixa , Figueroa-Martín Laura , González-Betancor Sandra-Jesús , Reyero-Ortega Begoña , González-de la Torre Héctor , Rodríguez-Suárez Claudio-Alberto
Published: January 2025

School nursing is a specialized nursing practice focused on promoting child health within the school and community environment, integrating healthcare with the educational process. The aim was to explore the experiences of nurses and teachers regarding the implementation of a school nursing pilot programme in primary education in the Canary Islands. A phenomenological study was conducted with nurses and teachers participating in the pilot programme in the Canary Islands (Spain) during the 2023-2024 academic year. No exclusion criteria were applied. In-depth interviews were conducted from May to June 2024 until data saturation, using a semi-structured interview script. Interviews were recorded and transcribed for descriptive and interpretative thematic analysis, employing intentional and co-occurrence coding, followed by triangulation using Atlas-Ti software (version 24.1.0). Quality criteria (credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability) were ensured. A total of 21 informants (7 nurses and 14 teachers) were interviewed. Two main themes were categorized: School Nurses and School Nursing Project. Nurses identified eight sub-themes: workload, experiences, career opportunities, profile, suggested improvements, weaknesses, time management, and improvement needs. Teachers identified six sub-themes: approach, importance, expectations, children’s health, school health, and pilot experiences. The identified analytical categories provide an initial framework for exploring and advancing the integration of this professional role into the Canary Islands’ educational system. Emphasis is placed on the need to optimise working conditions for school nurses and their pivotal role in addressing health needs and promoting children’s wellbeing within the school setting.
“New Technology Creates Stressful and Demanding Situations”: Critical Care Nurse’s Experiences with Impella Treatment
Authors: Askeland Anne , Melby Ann-Cathrin , Sætersdal Silje Helen , Strømsvik Nina
Published: January 2025

Background: The use of Impella treatment has resulted in better survival in critically ill heart patients. Impella is an advanced heart pump used in, among other conditions, cardiogenic shock, and the use of this treatment is increasing. Intensive care nurses have a central role in this treatment and it is important to be professionally up-to-date. Studies show that more knowledge about intensive care nurses' experience with Impella treatment is needed. Objectives: To explore critical care nurses’ experiences with intensive care patients undergoing Impella treatment. Methods: The study has a qualitative research approach. Data was collected through two focus group interviews with eight critical care nurses who had varied experiences with Impella. Knodel’s practical four step approach was used to analyze the data. Results: The study identified three main themes. The first theme describes the stressful and demanding situations for critical care nurses. The second theme concerns the lack of standard guidelines for treatment with Impella including practical and theoretical education for critical care nurses. The third theme describes how teamwork and the allocation of responsibilities reduces stress for the staff involved in the Impella treatment. Conclusion: There is a lack of procedures for practical and theoretical education. Impella treatment can be physically and psychologically stressful for the patients and critical care nurses.
Lipid Production from Palm Acid Oil (Pao) as a Sole Carbon Source by Meyerozyma Guillermondii
Authors: Ahmad Zain Noor-Afiqah , Kar Ling Tan , Kahar Prihardi , Ogino Chiaki
Published: January 2025

Meyerozyma guillermondii is an interesting oleaginous yeast with considerable potential for biotechnological applications. This yeast demonstrates the ability to utilize palm acid oil (PAO), a low-cost and renewable feedstock, as a carbon source, making it a sustainable candidate for single-cell oil production. Under optimal conditions with 4% of PAO, M. guillermondii can accumulate lipids to approximately 45% of its dry cell weight (DCW). Notably, the expression level of PEX14, a gene associated with peroxisomal biogenesis, increases with higher PAO concentrations, coinciding with the formation of multiple small lipid bodies. These findings highlight the metabolic adaptability of M. guillermondii and its potential for industrial lipid production using waste-derived feedstocks.
Punch Edge Topological Design for Reduction of Work Hardening Damage in Shearing of Non-Oriented Electrical Steel Sheets
Authors: Okada Ryoma , Ito Kentaro , Funazuka Tatsuya , Aizawa Tatsuhiko , Shiratori Tomomi
Published: January 2025

A new shearing tool was demanded to reduce the iron loss of motor cores by minimization of work hardening damages into the sheared non-oriented electrical steel sheets. The punch edge topology as well as the clearance between the punch and die were controlled to investigate their influence on the sheared surface condition and the work hardening damages of steel sheets. In particular, the hardness mapping was utilized to quantitatively analyze the work-hardened area in the sheared steel sheets and the dissipation plastic work. Among four punch edge topological configurations, the nano-grooved punch in straight along the shearing direction induced the minimum damage into the sheared steel sheets.
Gel Polymer Electrolytes: Unlocking Next-Generation Energy Storage
Authors: Singh Aditya N. , Subramanian T. Senthil Siva , Palem Ramasubba Reddy , Meena Abhishek , Selvaraj Manickam , Assiri Mohammed A.
Published: January 2025

With the rapid rise in portable electronic and wearable devices, safety concerns have become a global research focus. Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) offer a safer and more adaptable alternative to conventional liquid electrolytes, enabling the design of flexible energy storage systems (ESS). Combining viscoelasticity with metallic, semiconductor, and organic components, GPEs have emerged as key materials for advanced ESS applications. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent progress in GPEs, emphasizing their enhanced physicochemical properties and electrochemical performance. Key topics include the concept of unity lithium-ion transference number and pseudocapacitance, as well as advancements in smart GPEs with self-healing, thermotolerant, and self-protection capabilities. The review concludes by discussing prospects and challenges for future research on GPEs, aiming to propel next-generation energy storage systems.
Two Variants of the ANK1 Gene Associated with Hereditary Spherocytosis
Authors: Bogusławska Dżamila M. , Rybka Justyna , Koszela Paulina , Kuliczkowski Kazimierz , Sikorski Aleksander F.
Published: January 2025

Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is an erythrocytic membranopathy that belongs to a group of rare genetic disorders. Mutations in five genes, including ANK1, cause clinical manifestations of the disease. Identified variations in individual families provide a better understanding of the molecular basis of the disease. In this study, we used two sequencing methods, WES and Sanger sequencing, analyzing gDNA and cDNA as templates, to detect and verify the variants putatively responsible for the clinical symptoms observed in a Polish family diagnosed with hereditary spherocytosis. We detected two variants that occur in cis in the ANK1 gene, a known missense mutation (NP_000028.3:p.V463I) and a novel frameshift mutation (NP_000028.3: p.V1626fs*64) that ap-pears to be crucial for the probands. As shown by transcriptome studies, the mutant allele is not present at a detectable level. We conclude that the molecular basis of this case is related to an un-stable transcript of the mutant allele and that the direct cause of the spherocytosis is a deficiency of erythrocyte ankyrin leading to a disruption of the AE1-erythrocyte ankyrin-spectrin complex in the erythrocyte membrane.
Development and Design of an Optimal Fuzzy Logic 2DOF-PID Controller for a Two-Area Power System Using Bee Algorithm
Authors: Audomsi Sitthisak , Sa-ngiamvibool Worawat
Published: January 2025

Effective management of space and connectivity is essential in large-scale power pro-duction systems to generate adequate energy to satisfy market demand. The electric power system is segmented into smaller control zones to more effectively meet the needs of diverse populations, with each zone possessing its independent system. The study aims to design an automated control system for energy production across two interconnected domains: a reheat thermal power plant and a hydropower facility. The system employs fuzzy logic technologies alongside a 2DOF-PID controller to improve control efficacy. The bee swarm optimization approach was employed to facilitate the design and advancements of the fuzzy logic 2DOF-PID controller (FL2DPID). This technique primarily focused on modifying gain and control rules. The fuzzy logic 2DOF-PID controller (FL2DPID) exhibited enhanced performance compared to previous controllers, including fuzzy logic PID, 2DOF-PID and PID controllers. The model achieved a minimal error value of 0.1308, indicating a significant improvement. The data indicate that the new controller is operational, showing a significant improvement in overall performance and the stability of the electrical system.
Developing the Uskudar Immaturity Scale: Validation, Reliability, and Psychometric Assessment in the Age of Digitalization
Authors: Tarhan Nevzat , Tutgun Ünal Aylin
Published: January 2025

Immaturity, as a state of mind, is a subject that negatively affects social relationships and the individual’s life. It is a subject that has been studied in scientific literature as a defense mechanism. It is wondered whether immaturity is related to digital technologies. This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable dimensional immaturity scale and examine its psychometric properties. For this purpose, data was collected from 320 people across Turkey on a voluntary basis. As a result of the studies carried out in the research, the 4-dimensional and 18-item Uskudar Immaturity Scale (USIMS) was developed. The dimensions of the scale are named as: (1) Hastiness, impatience and suggestibility, (2) Center of attention, (3) Impulsivity, (4) Tendency to stand out and emotional instability. The scale explained 57.57% of the total variance. The Cronbach Alpha value of the scale was found to be .87. In the confirmatory factor analysis study, the scale structure was confirmed. Some of the first results are: (a) The immaturity level of those who use social media for 4 hours or more a day was found to be the highest, (b) the immaturity level increases as the frequency of live chatting on social media increases, (c) they become happy when they receive likes on social media, (d) the immaturity level of those who stated that they had a relationship and ended their relationship by fighting on social media is observed. It was concluded that the developed scale needed to be applied to different samples in further studies.
Characterization, Antioxidant and Erythroprotective Effect of β-Carotene Complexed in β-Cyclodextrin
Authors: Puebla-Duarte Andrés Leobardo , Bernal-Mercado Ariadna Thalía , Santos-Sauceda Irela , Acosta-Elías Mónica Alessandra , Fernández-Quiroz Daniel , Burruel-Ibarra Silvia Elena , Ornelas-Paz José de Jesús , Pérez-Cabral Ingrid Daniela , Rodríguez-Félix Francisco , Iturralde-García Rey David , Robles-García Miguel Ángel , Tapia- Hernández José Agustín , González-Vega Ricardo Iván , Del-Toro-Sánchez Carmen Lizette
Published: January 2025

β-carotene (β-C) is a hydrophobic compound, easily degradable by light and oxygen, with low solubility limiting its applications. β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) can encapsulate β-C, protecting it from degradation and maintaining its bioactivity. Therefore, this research aimed to characterize and determine the antioxidant and erythroprotective activity of β-C/β-CD inclusion complexes. The co-precipitation technique was used to elaborate the β-C/β-CD in a 40:60 ratio, obtaining a high yield (94.10%), an entrapment efficiency of 82.47%, and a loading efficiency of 11.92%. The moisture of β-C/β-CD was 2.93%. β-C release increased over 168 h (80% and 93% at 8 °C and 25 °C, respectively). According to adsorption-desorption isotherms, complexes showed a type II isotherm. FT-IR and Raman confirmed the formation of the inclusion complex interacting by hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, or Van der Waals forces. DSC showed an endothermic peak at 118 °C in β-C/β:CD. The microscopic surface morphologies observed by SEM of β-C/β-CD were irregular-shaped clumps in the surface with a particle average size of 8.09 µm. X-ray Diffraction showed a crystalline structure of the complex. Zeta potential determination indicated a negative charge (−23 and −32 mV). ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP demonstrated the antioxidant activity of β-C/β:CD (8.63%, 6.35%, and 1.57-mM ET/g) similar to pure β-C (8.21%, 5.99%, and 1.26 mM ET/g). The complexes showed an erythroprotective effect inhibiting hemolysis (32.57%). Therefore, with these characteristics, β-CD is a good encapsulant for β-C where this complex could be applied in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Differences in Formation of Prepuce and Urethral Groove During Penile Devel-Opment Between Guinea Pigs and Mice Are Controlled by Differential Expression of Shh, Fgf10 and Fgfr2
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Zheng Zhengui
Published: January 2025

The penile tubular urethra forms by canalization of the urethral plate without forming an obvious urethral groove in mice, while urethral epithelium forms fully opened urethral groove before urethra closure through dis-tal-opening-proximal-closing process in humans and guinea pigs. Our knowledge about the mechanism of penile development is mainly based on the studies in mice. To reveal how the fully opened urethral groove forms in humans and guinea pigs, we compared the expression patterns and levels of key developmental genes using in situ hybridization and quantitative PCR during glans and preputial de-velopment between guinea pigs and mice. Our results revealed that compared with preputial development which started before sexual differentiation in mice, the preputial development in guinea pigs was delayed and initiated at the same time as sexual differentiation began. Fgf10 was mainly expressed in urethral epi-thelium in developing genital tubercle (GT) of guinea pigs, relative expression of Shh, Fgf8, Fgf10, Fgfr2 and Hoxd13 reduced more than 4-fold in GT of guinea pigs compared with in that of mice. Hedgehog and Fgf inhibitors induced ure-thral groove formation and restrained preputial development in cultured mouse GT, while Shh and Fgf10 proteins induced preputial development in cultured guinea pig GT. Our discovery suggests that differential expression of Shh and Fgf10/Fgfr2 may be the main reason that a fully opened urethral groove forms in guinea pigs, and maybe it’s the same with humans as well.