bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA OF THE PANCREAS
Authors: Kanai Nobuyuki , Nagaki Seiji , Tanaka Takuji
Published: December 2008

A rare autopsy case of clear cell carcinoma of the pancreas developing in a 71‐year‐old Japanese male is described. He complained of epigastralgia and back pain and was clinically diagnosed as having primary pancreatic cancer. After death due to disseminated metastasis and cachexy, autopsy revealed pancreatic clear cell carcinoma metastatizing to various organs including the lungs (lymphoangiosis carcinomatosa). The tumor was almost entirely composed of clear cells with cytoplasm weakly positive for PAS and alcian blue, and negative for Sudan III stains. Histological differential diagnosis from the clear cell carcinoma of other organs, especially that of kidney, is also mentioned.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE INTRACYTOPLASMIC INCLUSIONS IN LAFORA DISEASE AND TYPE IV GLYCOGENOSIS BY ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Authors: Ishihara Tokuhiro , Yokota Tadaaki , Yamashita Yoshimi , Takahashi Mutsuo , Kawano Hiroo , Uchino Fumiya , Kamei Toshiaki , Matsumoto Noboru , Kusunose Yukio , Yamada Michio
Published: December 2008

We compared the ultrastructure of the intracytoplasmlc inclusion substance present in Lafora bodies and the myocardium of patients with Lafora disease, with that in the hepatocytes and myocardium of patients with type IV glycogenosis. Fibril‐like structures and associated electron‐dense clumps (crumpled plates) are the main components of the deposits in these two diseases. Ultrastructurally, the inclusions in both diseases appeared quite similar. In Lafora bodies, the electron‐dense materials formed their central cores, but were also scattered in their peripheral areas. In type IV glycogenosis, the materials tended to be localized in the centers of large storage masses. The fibril‐like structures in Lafora bodies were somewhat thicker and more electron‐dense than those in type IV glycogenosis. The fibril‐Hke structures and the crumpled plates in the intracytoplasmlc inclusions of both Lafora disease and type IV glycogenosis were intensely stained in sections subjected to Thiéry staining. Despite previous considerations to the contrary, the findings of the present study suggested that the fibril‐like structures are not true fibrils, but in fact plates.
LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION ON THE PROCESS OF TISSUE CALCIFICATION IN A CASE OF PARATHYROID ADENOMA
Authors: Monma Nobuhiro , Iwasaki Takuya , Masuda Tomoyuki , Satodate Ryoichi
Published: December 2008

Metastatic calcification in various organs in an autopsy case of parathyroid adenoma was studied by light and electron microscopy. Calcification was observed in kidney, lung, liver, heart, stomach, and thyroid. In the kidney, calcification was found in the tubules and glomeruli. In the liver, calcification was mainly found in Disse's space. The kidney, lung, liver, and heart were examined by electron microscopy. Four forms of early calcification were observed: 1) amorphous dense bodies within the mitochondria; 2) needle‐shaped hydroxyapatite; 3) concentric laminated structure; and 4) cytoplasmic vesicles originating in hepatocytes. Calcium phosphate precipitates within the mitochondria were seen as amorphous dense bodies. When calcium phosphate precipitated in the cytoplasmic colloid gel, concentric laminated structures were formed due to Liesegang's phenomenon. Needle‐shaped crystals in the amorphous dense bodies of the mitochondria were interpreted as a phenomenon of epitaxy. Calcification in Disse's space was thought to start in cytoplasmic vesicles which were derived from hepatocytes. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 37: 1621 ‐ 1635, 1987.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC EVIDENCE FOR EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR (EGF‐R)‐LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH THE BASOLATERAL SURFACE OF GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS
Authors: Mori Shigeo , Morishita Yasuyuki , Sakai Keisuke , Kurimoto Shigeharu , Okamoto Makoto , Kawamoto Tomoyuki , Kuroki Toshio
Published: December 2008

Epidermal growth factor (EGF), in addition to its effects on cell growth, has a suppressive effect on gastric hydrochloride secretion. We recently demonstrated EGF‐receptor (EGF‐R)‐like immunoreactlvity on human gastric parietal cells by light microscopy. To reveal further the localization of this reaction an immuno‐electron microscopical study was performed. 5281gG, an anti‐EGF‐R murine monoclonal antibody and a polyclonal anti‐EGF antibody were employed for immunostaining using the avidin‐biotin method. Positive reaction against 5281gG was shown mostly on the outer membrane of parietal cells, except in the apical portion. No reaction was observed on most of the intracytoplasmic membranes including intracellular canaliculi, endoplasmic reticulum and other membranous components. In the basillar portion, the 5281 gG‐positive parietal cell membrane formed labyrinthine interdigitations. No reaction against anti‐EGF was demonstrated in any of the gastric mucosal cells, although a reaction was clearly shown on salivary gland cells. These findings suggest a blood‐mediated direct action of EGF on parietal cells.
PRIMARY T‐CELL LYMPHOMA OF THE THYROID
Authors: Mizukami Yuji , Matsubara Fujitsugu , Hashimoto Takuma , Terahata Shintaro , Ikuta Norisada , Nakamura Shinobu , Ooi Akishi
Published: December 2008

A rare case of non‐Hodgkin's malignant T‐cell lymphoma of the thyroid in a 79‐y‐ear‐old woman is reported. Light microscopically, the tumor showed diffuse proliferation of lymphoid cells, revealing prominent nuclear irregularity and occasional multilobulated nuclei, and was diagnosed as a diffuse lymphoma of medium‐sized cell type. Electron microscopically, the tumor cells were seen to possess irregularly indented nuclei. Immunologic surface marker studies showed that the lymphoma cells were positive for T‐lytnphocyte‐lineage antigens, OKT4 and OKT11, and did not react with B‐lymphocyte‐associated antigens. These findings indicated that the lymphoma had a T‐cell phenotype.
MASSIVE HEPATIC INFARCTION ASSOCIATED WITH POLYARTERITIS NODOSA
Authors: Haratake Joji , Horie Akio , Furuta Akiko , Yamato Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

A massive hepatic infarction was found in a 44‐year‐old man who had suffered from polyarteritis nodosa for two years. The polyarteritis had been well controlled by administration of corticosteroids, but he died due to an opportunistic fungal infection. At autopsy, a massive hepatic infarct and a fresh thrombus occluding the right portal vein trunk were found. In addition, occlusion of the heptic arterial branch with fibrosis and dissociation of elastic fibers due to polyarteritis was noted. Massive hepatic infarction is uncommon. The clinicopathologic features of this case are described, and the pathogenesis of hepatic infarcts is discussed. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 89–93, 1988.
“OSMIOPHILIC ELASTOLYSIS” OF PERIPHERAL ORGAN ARTERIES IN PATIENTS WITH MARFAN'S SYNDROME
Authors: Takebayashi Shigeo , Taguchi Takashi , Kawamura Koji , Sakata Noriyuki
Published: December 2008

Electron microscopic examinations were performed on systemic muscle‐type arteries from two teen‐age girls with Marfan's syndrome. In the peripheral organ arteries, the internal elastic lamella revealed a feature tentatively termed “osmiophilic elastolysis”. The lytic changes appeared segmentally in the form of electron‐dense fragments, and were partly absorbed. Regenerated elastin had a normal structure and surrounded the elastolytic lesions. The same changes were observed in the newly formed small areas of elastin in the thickened intima. The remaining elastic lamella in the affected region contained numerous fine electron‐dense granules. Intercellular substances, including collagen fibrils and proteoglycan, other than elastic fibers, were increased secondarily in the elastolytic lesions without any evidence of ultra‐structural abnormality. Medial smooth muscle cells making contact with the elastolytic lesions were necrosed and absorbed, and smooth muscle cells in a state of synthesis were increased in the adjacent areas. Abnormal elas‐togenesis, which showed no remarkable changes macroscopically or light microscopically, was systemic but segmental in the peripheral organ arteries, and regeneration of the structurally normal elastin was concurrent with elastolysis. These events were diagnostic for Marfan's syndrome, and cannot be explained by the conventional theory of elastogenetic enzymic deficiency.
HISTOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF EPITHELIAL POLYPOID LESIONS OF THE GALLBLADDER
Authors: Yamamoto Masami , Nakajo Susumu , Tahara Eiichi
Published: December 2008

Thirty epithelial polypoid lesions in 24 surgically resected gallbladders were examined histologically and immunohistochemically and then classified into two types according to the characterstics of the epithelium. One type consisted of proliferation of ordinary gallbladder epithelium without any metaplastic change while the other type was characterized by proliferation of metaplastic epithelium, such as mucous glands, endocrine cells and lysozyme‐immuno‐reactive cells. Moreover, each lesion was subdivided into non‐neoplastic epithelial polyp or neoplastic adenoma. We therefore classified the non‐neoplastic epithelial polyps into hyperplastic polyps and metaplastic polyps, and the adenomas into ordinary type and metaplastic type. Moreover, we found that atypical glands within metaplastic‐type adenoma were not infrequently observed, and that these lesions also presented metaplastic changes. From these results, the possibility of an adenoma‐carcinoma sequence was discussed. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 181–192, 1988.
STAGE (Ia) CERVICAL CANCER RECURRING 13 YEARS AFTER HYSTERECTOMY AND CAUSING SMALL INTESTINAL PERFORATION: A Case Report with a Review of the Literature
Authors: Misonou Jun , Natori Takashi , Aizawa Miki , Jou Banhou , Tamaki Akira , Ogasawara Minoru
Published: December 2008

A rare case of recurrent cervical cancer presenting multiple metastases to the small intestine is reported. A 69‐year‐old Japanese woman with a past history of early‐stage (Ia) cervical cancer 13 years previously suffered sudden onset of panperitonitis caused by perforation of the small intestine. In the perforated lesion, squamous cell carcinoma, which was histologically similar to that of the primary lesion, was observed, and was diagnosed as a late recurrence of the cervical cancer. Perforation of the small intestine caused by tumor metastasis, especially metastasis from cervical cancer, rerely occurs. Furthermore, recurrence of an early cervical cancer presenting 13 years after hysterectomy is extremely rare. The present case draws attention to the possibility of late recurrence of cervical cancer, even in cases treated at the early‐stage. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 225–234, 1988.
SUBACUTE NEUROTOXICITY OF 5‐FLUOROURACIL and ITS DERIVATIVE, CARMOFUR, IN CATS
Authors: Okeda Riki , Shibutani Makoto , Matsuo Takashi , Kuroiwa Toshihiko
Published: December 2008

The subacute neurotoxicity of 5‐fluorouracil (FU) and its derivative, carmofur (HCFU), in cats was morphologically examined; both these drugs were orally administered once daily for a maximum of three months. The dosis of FU and HCFU was 2 mg/kg/day and 10 mg/kg/day, respectively. Both FU and HCFU induced two sorts of changes in the brain, i.e., vacuolation and softening‐like change. The former was distributed in the white matter of the cerebrum and cerebellum and in areas of the gray matter such as the tectum and tegmentum of the brain stem, while the latter was distributed exclusively in the gray matter of the tectum and tegmentum of the brain stem. The tectum, especially the inferior colliculus, was most frequently affected by both types of change. Ultrastructurally, vacuolation was found to be due to lamellar splitting or separation between the axon and innermost myelin layer. These findings were compared with those in dogs and as the etiopathogenesis vacuolation due to direct toxic effect of FU or its metabolites to myelin and softening‐like change due to local circulatory disturbance caused by vacuolation were proposed. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 1255‐1266, 1988.
OSTEOSARCOMA Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Studies on Alkaline Phosphatase‐positive Tumor Cells Constituting a Variety of Histologic Types
Authors: Yoshida Haruhiko , Adachi Hironobu , Hamada Yoichiro , Aki Toshiyuki , Yumoto Tokichi , Morimoto Kanehito , Orido Takashi
Published: December 2008

The osteosarcomas were subclassified into osteoblastic, fibroblastic, chondroblastic and telangiectatic types and examined by electron microscopy. Their immunohistochemical reactions were also studied. In an overall survey of the above types, fibroblast‐like cells revealed poorly developed cytoplasmic organelles with rather short, branching rough endoplasmic reticulum, mixed with osteoblast‐like cells that were hardly distinguishable from the former. They appeared to be an early stage of an osteoblastic cell lineage from the distribution and development of their cell organelles and highly positive vimentin activity. The tumor cells in malignant cartilage varied in appearance from chondroblast‐like to osteoblast‐like cells. All types of tumor cells expressed alkaline phosphatase activity to a significant degree. Immunohistochemical staining showed a mixture of procollagen type I‐positive cells among the cells positive for both procollagen type II and S‐100 protein in the malignant cartilage. Irrespective of any ultrastructural differences between these various tumor cell types, they all revealed a significant degree of ALPase activity unlike other types of bone tumors, suggesting that the tumor cells which constitute the various types of osteosarcoma are derived from a common precursor cell.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SURGICALLY RESECTED MYOCARDIUM IN PATIENTS WITH SUSTAINED VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA
Authors: Yutani Chikao , Imakita Masami , Ishibashi‐Ueda Hatsue , Isobe Fumitaka , Ohe Toru
Published: December 2008

Surgical resection of the endocardium and subendocardium often abolishes sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with old myocarcial infarct (OMI), unknown myocardial disease, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD), presumably by interrupting the reentrant pathway. In order to define the morphologic characteristics of histologic components in the reentrant pathway, we carried out histopathological analysis of surgically resected specimens from 17 patients who underwent this procedure. Bundles of apparently viable and hydropic myocardial fibers embedded in dense fibrous and adipose tissues were identified throughout the specimens obtained from OMI, ARVD and idiopathic VT cases. In 3 patients with Idiopathic VT, most of the resected areas were composed of ventricular muscle, the components of which appeared histologically similar to Purkinje fibres. In all patients, the abnormal muscle cells were characterized by a loss of contractile elements, hydropic cytoplasm and an elliptic shape. Such an abnormal structure and arrangement of surviving cardiac fibers following tissue injury might play an important role in creating abnormalities of transmembrane potential, leading to the micro‐reentrant circuits that give rise to ventricular tachycardias.
LYMPHANGIOSIS CARCINOMATOSA OF THE LIVER
Authors: Itoh Tsuyoshi , Kanaoka Masaki , Obara Akiko , Furuta Mutsuhiro , Itoh Harumi
Published: December 2008

A study of lymphangiosis carclnomatosa of the liver was performed. Lymphangiosis carclnomatosa Is a disease showing diffuse lymphangitic spread of cancer cells in the interstitium of the organ. Among a total of 762 cases of malignant disease, lymphangiosis carclnomatosa of the liver was found in 10 cases out of 250 with liver metastases. Among a total of 10 cases of primary cancer showing this condition, 8 were gastric cancer, the other 2 being pancreas cancer and gallbladder cancer. With regard to the histological type of primary cancer In this disease, all cases were poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. On the basis of the histological findings, the spread of this disease seems to occur in a retrograde manner from the large lymphatics of the hllum to the periphery.
PRIMARY PULMONARY ARTERY SARCOMA. Report of Two Autopsy Cases Studied by Immunohistochemistry and Electron Microscopy, and Review of 110 Cases Reported in the Literature
Authors: Nonomura Akitaka , Kurumaya Hiroshi , Kono Naoko , Nakanuma Yasuni , Ohta Goroku , Terahata Shintaro , Matsubara Fujitsugu , Matsuda Tamotsu , Asaka Toru , Nishino Tomokatsu
Published: December 2008

Two cases of primary pulmonary artery sarcoma are reported. The patient in the first case was a 61‐year‐old male with a two‐year history of cough and exertional dyspnea, who died of intractable cardiac failure two months after admission without establishment of a diagnosis related to the etiology of cardiac failure. Autopsy revealed a sessile tumor within the pulmonary trunk and a solitary metastatic lesion in the lung. Histologic, immunohistocyto‐chemical and electron microscopic studies were performed and a diagnosis of malignant mesenchymoma was made. The patient in the second case was a 32‐year‐old male complaining of exertional dyspnea and back pain. Radiologic studies indicated a mediastinal tumor involving the pulmonary artery. Exploratory thoracotomy revealed that the mediastinal mass arose from the left pulmonary artery. He died of respiratory failure 26 months after onset of his initial symptoms. Histologic, immunocytochemical and electron microscopic studies of both surgical and autopsy materials revealed a malignant fibrous histiocytoma. One hundred ten previously reported cases of this tumor are reviewed, and its clinicopathologic and morphologic features and probable histogenesis are discussed. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 883∼896, 1988.
Pancreatic Islets after Repeated Injection of Fe3+‐NTA An Ultrastructural Study of Diabetic Rats
Authors: Shirasuga Naoki , Hayashi Keiki , Awai Michiyasu
Published: December 2008

Pancreatic islet cells were examined ultrastructurally in rats after repeated intraperitoneal injections of ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe3+‐ NTA) to produce a model of bronze diabetes. Despite diabetic signs such as glycosuria and ketouria, no ultrastructural alterations were found in islet cells up to 90 days after the beginning of the Fe3+‐NTA injections. After 120 days, however, degenerative changes appeared, with most B cells of the islets of Langerhans showing clumped nuclear chromatin, a dilated nuclear envelope, vacuolated and dilated endoplasmic reticulum, and a loss of cell polarization toward the capillary lumen. The cells contained a number of light secretory granules with an electron‐lucent core and a narrow halo. Numerous electron‐dense ferritin‐like particles were also found in the cytoplasmic matrix, and A and D cells were almost intact. Repeated venesection therapy of rats injected with Fe3+‐NTA for 120 days resulted in an increase of morphologically normal B cells with a smaller number of necrotizing cells. This process was accompanied by recovery from diabetic symptoms. The toxic effect of injected iron on B cells was thus clarified.
Primary Amyloid Tumors of the Jejunum Producing Intestinal Obstruction
Authors: Hamaya Kazuo , Kitamura Motoo , Doi Kenji
Published: December 2008

The proximal jejunum, containing four separate amyloid tumors, was resected from a chronically constipated 71‐year old male exhibiting 1gG lambda monoclonal gammopathy. Amyloid was deposited in the jejunal wall, mesentery and regional lymph nodes, but was not seen in gastric and rectal biopsy samples. Two years after surgery, the patient is well, but the monoclonal gammopathy persists. Acta Pathol. Jpn. 32: 207∼211, 1989.
Two Familial Cases of Jordans' Anomaly: Ultrastructural Studies and the Development of Fat‐containing Vacuoles in the Neutrophilic Series
Authors: Adachi Hironobu , Yumoto Tokichi , Takeda Lsamu , Ozaki Masaharu , Matsumoto Noboru , Ishihara Tokuhiro , Uchino Fumiya
Published: December 2008

A study was conducted on two brothers with Jordans' anomaly. Fat containing vacuoles were noticed in all leukocytes of the peripheral blood and cells of the myeloid series including myeloblasts, but the serum lipids showed no abnormalities. However, cells of the erythroid series, megakaryocytes and platelets did not contain these vacuoles. An increase in vacuole number was observed as the leukocytes matured. Histochemically, it was suggested that these vacuoles contained neutral fat based on staining with Sudan III and Nile blue sulfate. Ultra‐structurally, these vacuoles were unassociated with lysosomes or other cell organelles. Although the etiology of Jordans' anomaly could not be clarified by this study, genetic factors may be involved. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 254 259, 1989.
Effects of Serum Deprivation on Ki‐67‐reactive Antigen
Authors: Sasaki Kohsuke , Matsumura Kouji , Murakami Tomoyuki , Shinozaki Fumihiko , Takahashi Manabu
Published: December 2008

In order to elucidate the relationship between the level of cellular Ki‐67‐reactive antigen and cell proliferation activity, the effects of serum deprivation on the antigen expression and cell proliferation of HeLa cells were investigated using flow cytometry. The antigen was constitutively expressed in almost all cells cultured in normal medium containing 10% calf serum. In the serum deprived cells, the antigen negative fraction increased with culture time, and the level of Ki 67 reactive antigen fell rapidly during the first 24 h. The reduction in the antigen caused by serum deprivation was independent of the cell cycle phase. Both BrdUrd incorporation and the S phase fraction were diminished during the experiment with evidence of cell growth retardation. However, after refeeding with fresh normal medium, the antigen level that had been reduced by serum deprivation recovered to the level of the control cells within 24 h. These results suggest that the level of Ki 67 reactive antigen in cells reflects their growth condition. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 638‐642, 1989.
A Case of Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor Arising from Soft Parts in the Prepubic Region
Authors: Tsujimura Takashi , Wada Akira , Kawano Kiyoshi , Iwasa Atsushi , Mizutani Syuutarou
Published: December 2008

An extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumor arising from soft parts in the prepubic region of a 37 year‐old man is described. This case appears to be unusual with regard to its location and age at onset. To our knowledge, the patient is the oldest recorded in whom such a lesion has arisen. Histologically, the tumor consisted of an admixture of polygonal and elongated cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm frequently containing hyaline‐like globules. Ultrastructurally, these cytoplasmic inclusions were compatible with intermediate filaments. Immunohisto‐chemical staining disclosed keratin (non squamous epithelial type) and epithelial membrane antigen positivity. These characteristic features were identical to malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney seen in infants and young children. This extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumor showed an aggressive clinical course, although its exact histogenesis was unclear. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 677 682, 1989.
Thymic Lymphomas Induced by N‐Propyl‐N‐Nitrosourea (PNU) in the BUF/Mna Rat, an Inbred Strain with a High Incidence of Spontaneous Thymoma
Authors: Ogiu Toshiaki , Fukami Hiroko , Matsuyama Mutsushi , Maekawa Akihiko
Published: December 2008

N‐Propyl N nitrosourea (PNU) is known to be a strong leukemogen, inducing myelogenous leukemia or thymic lymphoma in some strains of rat. The thymic lymphoma‐genic effect of PNU has been demonstrated in F344 rats. On the other hand, the BUF/Mna rat has been established as an inbred strain that develops spontaneous thymomas after one year of age. In the present experiment, PNU was continuously administered in drinking water to male and female BUF/Mna rats starting at 5 weeks of age. Thymic lymphomas were induced in all PNU treated rats with an average latent period as short as 14 experimental weeks. These results show the high susceptibility of the BUF/Mna rat to the lymphomagenic activity of PNU. The BUF/Mna rat is an ideal strain for studies on epithelial cell‐lymphocyte interaction, not only in the development of thymic lymphomas but also in that of spontaneous thymoma. Karyotypes of twelve primary thymic lymphomas induced by PNU were analyzed for chromosomal abnormalities. Chromosomal abnormalities were often found in chromosomes 11 and 2. In some types of abnormality, dup (llq) and del(2q) were most frequently observed. In addition, trisomy of chromosome 7, on which the c myc gene is mapped, was observed in five lymphomas, and monosomy of chromosomes 20 and X in six and five cases, respectively, though these changes were generally observed in a minor cell population in each case. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 706‐711, 1989.
Morphometrical and Cell Kinetic Studies of Normal Human Colorectal Mucosa
Authors: Arai Tomio , Kino Isamu
Published: December 2008

Morphometric and cell kinetic studies were performed on normal mucosa in 30 specimens of surgically resected colorectum. The average crypt length was 372 ± 57μm in the proximal colon and 506 ± 65μm in the distal colon, and the average cell numbers per crypt column in these regions were 76.4 ± 8.9 and 80.3 ± 8.8, respectively. In the proximal and distal colon, goblet cells constituted 23.3 ± 3.4% and 25.2 ± 4.0%, respectively, of the total cells in each crypt, and in both regions entero chromaffin cells constituted about 1%. The labeling indices of the proximal and distal colon were 9.4 ± 3.9% and 8.2 ± 2.2%, respectively. Combined microautoradiography and periodic acid Schiff reaction on selected cases revealed that the labeling indices of columnar cells and goblet cells were 11.0 ± 2.0% and 7.0 ± 3.2%, respectively. It was suggested that the increased number of larger goblet cells in crypts of the sigmoid colon and rectum resulted in an increase of crypt length and a decrease in the labeling index. These results provide information on the morphological and cell kinetic characteristics of normal mucosa of the colon and rectum. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 725 730, 1989.
Transferrin Receptor Expression in Normal, Iron‐deficient and Iron‐overloaded Rats
Authors: Lu Jian‐ping , Hayashi Keiki , Awai Michiyasu
Published: December 2008

The distribution of transferrin receptor (TfR) positive cells and their staining intensity were examined in the liver, duodenum, pancreas, spleen, kidney and brain of iron deficient, iron‐overloaded and normal Wistar rats to elucidate the regulatory effects of iron on TfR expression in vivo. Iron deficiency was produced by an iron deficient food and water regimen, and iron overload by repeated intraperitoneal injections of ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe3‐NTA) for 12 weeks. In iron deficient rats, levels of hemoglobin (Hb= 5.9 ± 0.7) and serum iron (Sl = 29.9 ± 4.4) were lower, and total iron binding capacity (TIBC = 624.4 ± 72.7) was higher than in normal rats (Hb = 15.6 ± 0.9, Sl = 206.5 # 20.5, TIBC = 416.0 ± 56.0), and Wee versa for SI (217.7 ± 15.5) and TIBC (307.1 ± M45.4) in iron‐overloaded rats. In normal rats, TfR positive granules were observed in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells of the liver, absorptive epithelium of the duodenum, acinar and Langerhans islet cells of the pancreas, macrophages and red pulp erythro‐blasts of the spleen, and distal convoluted tubular epithelium of the kidney. Although the tissue distribution pattern of TfR positive cells was similar in normal, iron deficient and iron overloaded rats, the staining intensity and number of TfR positive cells were obviously higher in iron deficient, and lower in iron overloaded rats. We conclude that TfR expression is negatively regulated by the tissue concentration of iron. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 759‐764, 1989.
Primary Fibrosarcoma of the Liver Immunohistochemical and Electron Microscopic Studies
Authors: Nakahama Masao , Takanashi Riichiro , Yamazaki Leharu , Machinami Rikuo
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of primary fibrosarcoma occurring in the liver of a 75‐year old female is presented. The tumor, arising from the lateral upper portion of the right lobe, measured 14 cm in greatest dimension. Light microscopy of the tumor revealed homogeneous, spindle‐shaped cells with abundant collagen fibers showing a classic herringbone pattern. Immunoreactive vimentin was found in the tumor cells. Electron microscopically, the tumor cells were rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum without a basement membrane, and were surrounded by large amounts of collagen fibers. The fibroblastic character of the tumor cells was suggested by light and electron microscopy. This may be the first reported case of primary hepatic fibrosarcoma examined by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 814 820, 1989.
Acute Aortic Dissection Due to Giant Cell Arteritis Report of Two Autopsy Cases
Authors: Murai Tatsuya , Saito Kazuyuki , Kuroda Naohito , Kurihara Katsuyoshi , Murai Naoko , Imai Miki , Inui Michio , Hosoda Yasuhiro
Published: December 2008

Two autopsy cases of giant cell arteritis with aortic dissection are reported. One patient was an 87 year old man, and the other was an 80 year old woman. In both cases the patient died suddenly, and fatal pericardial bleeding due to the aortic dissection was revealed at autopsy. Histologically, marked inflammation with giant cells was observed in the wall of the aorta and in other arteries including the cranial arteries. The authors therefore consider that giant cell arteritis was one of the preceding lesions that culminated in aortic dissection. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 821 826, 1989.
Evidence of Delayed Mesangial Transport of Human IgA in Glomeruli of ddY Mice Pretreated with Sheep Anti‐type IV Collagen Serum
Authors: Masuda Yukinari , Ishizaki Masamichi , Yamanaka Nobuaki , Sugisaki Yuichi , Masugi Yozo
Published: December 2008

In order to investigate whether mesangial transport by glomeruli is delayed in ddY mice pretreated with sheep anti type IV collagen serum, the mice were administered an overload of human IgA myeloma serum. Non pretreated ddY mice used as controls and both experimental and control BALB/c mice were also processed in a similar manner. The intensities of mesangial deposition of human IgA were examined periodically and were found to correlate well with deposition of mouse IgA. Both mouse and human IgAs showed a gradual increase for up to 8 experimental weeks. In the control young ddY mice, however, the overloaded mesangial human IgA quickly disappeared, presenting no appreciable mesangial deposition of autologous IgA. In sharp contrast, both the experimental and control BALB/c mice showed an initially prolonged and rather heavy mesangial deposition of human IgA, followed by a gradual decrease and somewhat light mesangial deposition of autologous mouse IgA. These results obtained using experimental ddY mice appear to confirm the possibility that non immunological local trapping, due to retardation of mesangial transport function, causes mesangial deposition of autologous mouse IgA in this particular strain. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 289 295, 1989.
Atherosclerosis and Endothelium. Part II. Properties of Aortic Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells Cultured at Various Ambient Pressures
Authors: Tokunaga Osamu , Fan Jiang Lin , Watanabe Teruo
Published: December 2008

Human aortic endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were cultured at various ambient pressures and their properties were examined. The following results were obtained. 1) Endothelial cells were damaged when cultured at higher ambient pressures of 80 and 160 mmHg. This left cellular islands with central confluence showing no evident growth because of strong contact inhibition. 2) Aortic endothelial cells released high levels of prostacyclin, with significantly elevated release at higher ambient pressures, while intimal SMCs released a small amount of prostacyclin, and medial SMCs a minimal amount. 3) Prostacyclin release by aortic endothelial cells was inhibited in the presence of low concentrations of linoleic acid hydroperoxide (LAHO). Intimal and medial SMCs, however, showed no LAHO inhibition. These results indicate that the properties of both endothelial cells and SMCs vary according to in vitro and probably in vivo conditions. Their specific roles in the pathogenesis of various vascular disorders including atherosclerosis should be carefully considered. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 356‐362, 1989.
Pathology of the Liver in “Idiopathic Portal Hypertension” Associated with Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Nakanuma Yasuni , Nonomura Akitaka , Hayashi Morimoto , Doishita Kenji , Takayanagi Nobutatsu , Uchida Toshikazu , Obata Yutaka , Noma Kenji , Ikoma Jiro , Yoshikawa Kazuhiko , Umeyama Kaoru , Oouchi Kiyoaki , Yoshida Keisuke , Ashida Hiroshi , Ishikawa Yoshio , Sugimachi Keizo , Motojima Jiryuu , Hanai Shiro , Kameda Haruo
Published: December 2008

The histopathology of the liver in idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH) associated with autoimmune disease (15 cases), was examined and compared with that of IPH without autoimmune disease (31 cases). It was found that hepatic histopathology was heterogeneous in the cases with autoimmune disease. That is, the hepatic histopathology in 7 cases was similar to that of classic IPH without autoimmune disease, and the remaining 8 cases disclosed unusual lesions such as focal non suppurative cholangitis, nodular parenchymal hyperplasia, moderate portal inflammation, and intrahepatic ductopenia. These unusual lesions, which frequently coexisted in the same case, were not typical ones for making other diagnoses such as primary biliary cirrhosis or nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver. These findings suggest that unusual histologic lesions in the livers of IPH patients with autoimmune disease may represent an accentuated immunologic reaction inherent in IPH, or that such cases may be an abortive or incomplete form of primary biliary cirrhosis or nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 586‐592, 1989.
Down's Syndrome in Middle Age
Authors: Yoshimura Noriaki , Kubota Shuji , Fukushima Yutaka , Kudo Hajime , Ishigaki Hiroshi , Yoshida Yutaka
Published: December 2008

A 45 year old patient with Down's syndrome was autopsied. The brain, weighing 800 g, was small in size, and serial sections revealed generalized gyral atrophy and ventricular dilatation. In the gray matter, there was diffuse neuronal degeneration characterized by numerous neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), senile plaques and frequent amyloid angiopathy. Histochemical and electron microscopical analyses of these lesions showed no qualitative difference from those in Alzheimer's disease. A topographical study of NFTs showed that they were numerous in the limbic system and cerebral neocortex. Various numbers of NFTs were seen in the olfactory bulb, thalamus, medial geniculate body, innominate substance, putamen, caudate, pallidum, central gray, reticular formation, certain midline nuclei of the brainstem, substantia nigra, red nucleus and dorsal vagal nucleus. This distribution pattern was not different qualitatively from that in Alzheimer's disease, and such a similarity was especially evident in the olfactory bulb, where many tufted and mitral cells as well as anterior olfactory nucleus cells showed NFTs. These common features of brain pathology in Down's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease may be due to a specific gene defect in both diseases. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 735 743, 1990.
A Study of Human Interstitial Lung Diseases with Special Reference to Immune Complexes and Hyaline Membrane
Authors: Endo Yuzo , Matsushita Hiroshi , Matsuya Shoji , Hara Mitsuru
Published: December 2008

To evaluate the pathogenetic roles of immune complexes and alveolar hyaline membrane in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), immunohistological and ultrastructural studies of the kidney and lung were performed in 23 cases of IIP, 19 cases of autoimmune diseases, 17 cases of interstitial pneumonia other than IIP, and 11 cases of bronchopneumonia as a control group. None of the cases of IIP or interstitial pneumonia other than IIP showed immune complexes in the alveolar and glomerular capillary walls. On the other hand, one case of SLE was positive for IgG and components of complement along the alveolar and glomerular capillary walls. The alveolar hyaline membrane in the present cases revealed immunoglobulins as well as components of complement, which were poorly soluble in chaotropic solution or acidic buffer. These results indicate that circulating immune complexes play a minor role in the pathogenesis of IIP and other types of interstitial pneumonia, and that there is no relationship between immune complex deposition in alveoli and the alveolar hyaline membrane. It is necessary to further investigate factors other than immune complexes involved in alveolar tissue damage and to clarify the significance of the hyaline membrane in the processes occurring from acute changes to pulmonary fibrosis in IIP.
Immunohistochemical Study of High‐grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma
Authors: Asano Masahide , Mori Maria Mernyei , Minoura Shigeki
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of high‐grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) is reported. Immunohistochemical study of the ESS was done in comparison with carcinosarcoma (CS), leiomyosarcoma (LMS) and normal endometrium in the uterus in order to trace the origin of ESS, which is a point of some controversy. Co expression of keratin and vimentin and/or desmin positivity in several elements of CS and LMS, and glandular or stromal tissues in normal endometrium made it difficult immunohistochemically to be certain of the origin of ESS.
Histologic and Histometric Study of the Aortic Media in Dissecting Aneurysm Comparison with True Aneurysm and Age‐matched Controls
Authors: Kita Yasufumi , Nakamura Kazuo , Itoh And Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

We studied the histologic and histometric features of the aortic media in cases of dissecting aneurysm in order to clarify the pathologic background of this condition. The results were then compared with cases of true aneurysm and control specimens of “normal” aging aorta. Most cases of dissecting aneurysm and true aneurysm, as well as a number of control specimens, showed severe cystic medial necrosis, and therefore this feature does not appear to be specific to dissecting aneurysm. Fibrosis was noted in the process of repair of medionecrosis in dissecting aneurysm, true aneurysm, and controls. The main pathologic features of the aortic media in dissecting aneurysm included a higher grade of elastin fragmentation (offensive factor) and less fibrosis (defensive factor). Our findings indicate that the pathologic balance between these offensive and defensive factors is an important consideration when evaluating the pathogenesis of dissecting aneurysm.
A Pathological Study of Nephroblastoma with Congenital Aniridia
Authors: Kobayashi Yasutsugu , Nagahara Noboru
Published: December 2008

A pathological study was conducted on four patients with nephroblastoma associated with aniridia. The age at diagnosis was one year in three cases and 4 years in one case. Chromosomal analysis was performed in three cases, and showed 11p13 deletion in all. Each nephroblastoma consisted of metanephric blastemal, epithelial, and mesenchymal cells. All the tumors were centrilobar, and in one case an additional polypoid tumor grew into the renal pelvis. Histological examination showed conspicuous heterotopic cells, such as striated muscle and adipose tissue. Striated muscle was seen in all four cases, while both adipose tissue and smooth muscle were seen in two cases. Squamous epithelium was present in two cases. A literature survey revealed a high incidence of bilateral occurrence in cases of nephroblastoma associated with aniridia. lntralobar nephroblastomatosis was observed in all four cases, and it is proposed that this is the precursor lesion of nephroblastoma associated with aniridia.
Interleukn‐2 Receptor Antigen, Leukocyte Common Antigen, and Ki‐1 Antigen‐expressing Gastric Plasmacytoma A Case Report with an Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Ohmori Takaaki , Uraga Naomi , Komi Kiyoshi , Tabei Ryo , Matsuda Ryoichi , Kodama Takeshi , Iwahashi Kanji
Published: December 2008

A case of primary gastric plasmacytoma expressing various surface and cytoplasmic antigens is reported. With the use of formalin‐fixed and deparaffinized sections, 13 different antibodies were applied. Neoplastic plasma cells revealed monoclonal IgG and x light chain in the cytoplasm, and expressed epithelial membrane antigen, Ki 67 antigen, cytokeratin, CD 22 antigen, interleukin‐2 receptor antigen, leukocyte common antigen and Ki‐1 (CD 30) antigen. However, tumor cells were devoid of HLA‐DR antigen. These data suggest that the neoplastic plasma cells are at the plasmoblastic stage of maturation and express various surface and cytoplasmic phenotypes.
Lung Carcinoma Metastatic to Microfollicular Adenoma of the Thyroid A Case Report
Authors: Mizukami Yuji , Saito Katsuhiko , Nonomura Akitaka , Michigishi Takatoshi , Hashimoto Takuma , Nakanuma Yasuni , Matsubara Fujitsugu , Takasakura Eisuke
Published: December 2008

A 75‐year‐old woman with lung adenocarcinoma in whom autopsy revealed metastasis to microfollicular adenoma of the thyroid is described. A thyroid tumor specimen from this patient was initially interpreted as representing primary encapsulated follicular carcinoma of the thyroid associated with a component of poorly differentiated carcinoma of follicular cell origin. The widespread involvement of the lungs and other sites was also interpreted as metastases from the poorly differentiated carcinoma component within the encapsulated follicular carcinoma of the thyroid. Subsequent meticulous histologic examination revealed that the thyroid tumor was a microfollicular adenoma, and that the component of poorly differentiated carcinoma within it was the same as the lung carcinoma. Immunohistochemical investigation revealed that the poorly differentiated carcinoma cells within the thyroid tumor were stained positively with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and negative for thyroglobulin and calcitonin. The carcinoma cells from the lungs and other sites also showed positive staining for CEA. These findings support the view that the component of poorly differentiated carcinoma was a metastatic lesion from the primary lung carcinoma to the microfollicular adenoma of the thyroid. The present study emphasizes that attention should be directed to thyroid metastasis, even if it is within a thyroid primary neoplasm.
A Statistical Analysis of Lung Cancer Registered in the Annual of Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan between 1958 and 1987, with Special Reference to the Characteristics of Lung Cancer in Japan
Authors: Morita Toyohiko , Sugano Haruo
Published: December 2008

Autopsy cases of lung cancer, 41,988 in males and 13,818 in females, consecutively registered between 1958 and 1987, were analysed statistically and compared with other case materials and mortality statistics. Cases of malignant tumor showed a gradual increase, and now comprise 60% of the total male and 55% of the total female autopsy cases. The percentage of lung cancer cases among the total autopsy cases was 9% for males and 5% for females. The percentage of lung cancer cases among total cases of malignant tumor was about 17% for males and 9% for females. Among fatal malignant tumors, gastric cancer and lung cancer showed the highest frequency. The relative incidence of gastric cancer was seen to decrease, whereas that of lung cancer increased. Of the histological types of lung cancer in both sexes, adenocarcinoma was the most frequent, followed by squamous cell carcinoma. During the period studied the peak age of patients with lung cancer shifted from the seventh to eighth decade, and a significant elevation of mean age was demonstrated for all of the major histological types in both sexes. The male: female ratio for all lung cancer cases was 3.0, which was much lower than those for the United States and Europe, but very similar to the ratios of mortality statistics in Japan and other Asian countries. As a result of a previous autopsy study at the University of Tokyo, it was also confirmed that the male: female ratio relative to age in each country reflects very well the histological distribution.
Sequential MaIignant Transformation of Cardiac Myxoma
Authors: Kasugai Tsutomu , Sakurai Masami , Yutani Chikao , Hirota Seiichi , Waki Noriko , Adachi Shiro , Kitamura Yukihiko
Published: December 2008

We describe a case of cardiac myxoma in a 44 year old Japanese man, who died after developing metastases in the skin, brain and muscle. A satellite tumor which was attached to the wall of the abdominal aorta induced marked hypertension due to obstruction of the renal arteries. Although the primary heart tumor had typical histological features of benign cardiac myxoma, the recurrent heart tumor, which was partly resected three months before the patient's death, showed apparently malignant characteristics resembling malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). Since the histological features of the initial and recurrent tumors were different, the grade of malignancy was investigated using the cellularity of the tumor as an arbitrary criterion. A gradual but significant increase in the cellularity was observed over the course of five years. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells in the muscle metastasis contained vimentin and factor VIII‐related antigen, and multinucleated giant cells in the recurrent heart tumor contained desmin, which is rarely detectable in MFH. Therefore, we considered that the present case represented malignant transformation of benign cardiac myxoma.
Localization In Situ of Specific mRNA Using Thymine‐Thymine Dimerized DNA Probes
Authors: Koji Takehiko , Nakane Paul K.
Published: December 2008

In situ hybridization has been recognized as a powerful technique for localizing specific nucleic acids such as mRNA and viral DNA in individual cells. For in situ hybridization, the use of a non radioactive probe is considered superior to that of a radioactive one from viewpoints of resolution, probe stability and personal safety. Although various non‐radioactive labels are currently available, some interfere with the formation of hybrids and some increase steric hindrance and prevent penetration of the labeled nucleic acid probe into cells and tissues. Recently, we have developed a method using thymine thymine (TT) dimerized DNA as a nonradioactive probe. This is simple to make, since it dose not require separation of labeled DNA from unreacted labeling compounds, and T‐T dimer will not alter the chemical and physical nature of the probe. In this paper, we describe the tissue processing procedures that are suited for the TT dimerized DNA probes, and the recent new findings on methodological aspects, particularly the use of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide probes. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 793‐807, 1990.
Kawasaki Disease With Particular Emphasis on Arterial Lesions
Authors: Naoe Shiro , Takahashi Kei , Masuda Hirotake , Tanaka Noboru
Published: December 2008

Kawasaki disease (KD, or acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS)) was first described as a clinical entity in 1967 by Dr. Tomisaku Kawasaki of the Japan Red Cross Medical Center. Originally, it was thought to have a favorable prognosis, but as epidemiological surveys, augmented by pathological studies, have shown, it has come to be recognized as an often fatal disorder. In this report, the clinical symptoms, historical background, present status of research and epidemiological problems of KD are first described, and then we present a pathological and morphological outline of KD, focusing on pathological changes in the blood vessels, and the relationships of these changes to 1) the morphogenesis of arteritis, 2) the mechanism of coronary artery aneurysm formation and its sequelae, and 3) juvenile arteriosclerosis.