bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-COVID pandemic: The new normal and aftermath
Authors: Selvam Keerthi Panneer , Kosalram Kalpana , Chinnaiyan Saravanan
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about unparalleled worldwide transformations, impacting all facets of human existence, including health systems, economies, societal norms, and individual behaviors.

Aim:

The goal is to comprehend the enduring alterations in public health strategies, economic recuperation processes, changes in work and education paradigms, and the psychological consequences for populations globally.

Methods and Materials:

This analysis uses a multidisciplinary approach by incorporating data from healthcare studies, economic reports, educational research, and psychological assessments. It aims to offer a comprehensive perspective on the world after the pandemic.

Results:

The findings suggest that the “New Normal” encompasses a wide range of changes, such as a greater dependence on digital technology, a transition toward remote work and learning, substantial modifications in global supply chains, and a revised outlook on health and wellness. The potential long-term consequences of these changes indicate that some may provide opportunities for innovation and expansion, whereas others present challenges that necessitate strategic planning and policy interventions.

Conclusion:

The aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic presents a critical moment for global leaders, policymakers, and individuals to navigate the complexities of a transformed world, emphasizing the need for resilience, adaptability, and a renewed commitment to collective well-being.
Oral health inequalities among geriatric population: A systematic review
Authors: Samal Aseema , Menon Ipseeta , Jha Kunal , Kumar Gunjan , Singh Arpita
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

As per the World Health Organization, governments should aim to accomplish two significant global milestones by 2030: reducing health disparities and granting universal accessibility to healthcare. The aim of this article was to systematically review the inequalities and understand the multifactorial causation of oral health inequalities among the older adults.

Methods:

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) standards were used to carry out the review and is documented in PROSPERO CRD42026695761. Two authors did the search and screening in accordance with the protocol. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost articles of the last 10 years were searched for research presenting data on oral health status and oral health related quality of life in the elderly population. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) for retrospective and prospective research.

Results:

Only 24 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were incorporated into the qualitative synthesis. Multiple aspects of oral health and the related variables influencing disparities in oral health in the elderly population living in institutions have a positive link.

Conclusion:

The findings support the notion that this demographic consists of weak, dependent individuals who have poor oral health. The vulnerable elderly institutionalized population was recognized and validated, thus helps in providing measures that will eventually focus the risk factors to improve their OHRQoL.
Rural health dynamics: Exploring the prevalence of prediabetes and prehypertension among the rural population of Puducherry district
Authors: Thamizhmaran S , Dsouza Madonna J , Ramadass Divyabharathy , Daniel J Arun
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Noncommunicable diseases are a leading cause of death worldwide, claiming 41 million lives annually. Notably, type 2 diabetes not only presents well-known complications but also increases the risk of cardiovascular disease silently. Furthermore, concerningly high rates of undiagnosed diabetes and hypertension emphasize the need for improved diagnostic capabilities and enhanced awareness. The growing prevalence of prediabetes, a precursor to diabetes, further underscores the urgency for proactive action. Therefore, addressing the silent killers through early detection and comprehensive management strategies is crucial to combat this global health crisis.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of prediabetes and prehypertension and the factors associated with them among the rural population of Puducherry district.

Methodology:

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 adults more than 30 years of age residing in rural field practice areas of a private medical college in the Puducherry district over 8 months (January 2023 to August 2023). Multistage sampling was employed. After obtaining written informed consent, data collection included a pretested questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference) and blood pressure measurements were recorded; on subsequent days, fasting capillary blood sugar levels were checked. The data were analyzed using SPSS v21.

Results:

On categorization based on the Indian Diabetes Risk Score, the results showed that 14.4% of participants were high-risk for diabetes, with 74% and 11.5% falling into medium- and low-risk categories, respectively. Also, the prevalence of hypertension was 31.3%, with an additional 13% prehypertensive and 55.8% normotensive. Notably, 64.6% of hypertensive individuals had Stage I and 35.4% had Stage II. Family history, self-reported diet, physical activity, and body mass index were significantly associated with prediabetes/diabetes (P value < 0.05). In addition to this, there has been a significant association between the risk of developing diabetes and systolic blood pressure (P value = 0.011).

Conclusion:

Family history emerged as a significant risk factor for both diabetes and hypertension, highlighting the importance of genetic predisposition and the potential benefit of targeted family-based interventions. These findings raise concerns regarding the high prevalence of diabetes and hypertension risk factors within this population.
Prevalence of anxiety and depression among end-stage kidney disease patients on dialysis: A cross-sectional multiple-centre study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlShammari Omar A. , AlFadil Sara O. , AlShabibi Abdulaziz , Mohamed Hussein , Alomi Mohammd , Almatham Khalid
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in need of renal replacement therapy are estimated to number between 4.902 and 7.083 million. Studies have shown that depression and anxiety are the most common mental illnesses among people with kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Anxiety is linked to mortality in dialysis patients with ESRD, as well as a lower perceived quality of life. The purpose of this study was to look into the prevalence of anxiety and depression in dialysis patients in Saudi Arabia, as well as the associated risk factors.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study that included patients receiving peritoneal and hemodialysis at two dialysis centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, King Fahad Medical City and King Salman Dialysis Center. It was conducted from June 2021 to March 2022. There were 158 dialysis patients in all, including 135 hemodialysis patients and 23 peritoneal dialysis patients. Characteristics of patients were documented. Anxiety and depression were evaluated using The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).

Results:

Our study yielded 158 responses, with the majority being females. Among the two dialysis populations studied, the type and duration of dialysis were not significantly associated with anxiety or depression. Our study revealed that the female gender was significantly associated with anxiety (P = 0.007); the female gender significantly increased the likelihood of anxiety (odds ratio [OR]: 3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47–7.9), whereas unemployment and male gender were significantly associated with depression, with a P-=0.036 and P = 0.028, respectively.

Conclusion:

Anxiety and depression are common mental health conditions. Despite the limited number of studies on anxiety and depression in dialysis patients, it is evident that gender and employment status are significantly associated with anxiety and depression, respectively. More research is needed to shed light on this issue in Saudi Arabia. Identifying and treating mental health disorders in early-stage CKD patients may facilitate better disease management and improve the quality of life.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on school-going adolescents studying in government schools – A psychosocial perspective
Authors: Tansa K. A. , Manikappa Sanjeev Kumar , Marimuthu P. , Christy Jayakumar
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Childhood is the most essential phase in a person’s life as the foundations laid at this stage decide the future. Children are one of the vulnerable groups during any disaster. It is a stressful event that is not easily understood. It is emotionally confusing and frightening and results in children needing significant instrumental and emotional support from adults.

Aim:

To understand the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on school-going adolescents.

Methods:

This study adopted a cross-sectional research design in which sociodemographic characteristics and the CRIES-13 were administered to all the 312 children studying in 9th and 10th grade from the five selected schools.

Statistical Analysis:

Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, mean, and percentages were employed to analyse participants’ demographic characteristics. Chi-square, independent t-test, and ANOVA were used for comparison of the data.

Results:

The mean age of the respondents was 15 years (SD 0.98). It was found that most of the children (90.4%) had disturbances in their education, with 10th grade children having more disturbance than 9th grade ones (P value < 0.05). Further, intrusion and arousal were found to be significantly higher among male children than female children (P value < 0.05). Also, intrusion and arousal are significantly higher among 9th grade students, whereas avoidance is higher among 10th grade students (P value < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The study identified that COVID-19 has a profound psychosocial impact on school going-adolescents. This finding highlights the importance of understanding the pandemic’s impact on children from a psychosocial perspective and designing appropriate interventions for them.
Safety assessment of the world’s first novel cocktail of two monoclonal antibodies in WHO category-III animal-bite patients
Authors: Agarwal Anurag , Agarwal Amita , Mohan Arvind , Dutta Trayambak , Mahajan Manish , Desai Samir , Kumar Deepak
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Rabies, a zoonotic disease, poses a significant global public health challenge, and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is crucial for prevention. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have emerged as a promising alternative to rabies immunoglobulins due to their high efficacy and standardized manufacturing process.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective, open-label post-marketing surveillance study was conducted with patients of WHO category-III suspected rabid animal bites. TwinRab™, a novel cocktail of docaravimab and miromavimab, was administered at a dosage of 40 IU/kg in and around the wound, along with the anti-rabies vaccine, which was administered intradermal as per Thai Red Cross regimen.

Results:

In this study, 200 subjects received TwinRab™ with a 100% completion rate. Three (1.5%) patients showed solicited local AEs, and two (1%) patients showed solicited systemic AEs, which were resolved after appropriate treatment intervention. The overall tolerability assessment showed positive ratings from doctors (94%) and patients (74%).

Conclusion:

The post-marketing surveillance study demonstrated the safety of TwinRab™ in patients who experienced category-III suspected rabid animal bites, thereby supporting its potential as an alternative option for PEP in the management of animal bite for the prevention of rabies.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis predicts prehypertension and hypertension: A hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Yogesh M , Mody Mansi , Patel Jenish , Shah Samyak , Makwana Naresh , Nagda Jay
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Hypertension prediction using anthropometry and bioimpedance offers practical advantages for screening. We aimed to analyze various anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) estimates as predictive markers of prehypertension and hypertension.

Methods:

This cross-sectional analysis included 432 adult participants recruited from the medicine outpatient department of a tertiary hospital. Blood pressure measurements; anthropometric measurements of weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and hip circumference; and BIA (Omron HBF 375) were performed for body fat%, resting metabolic rate, visceral fat level, and skeletal muscle percentage.

Results:

Of the 432 participants comprising 220 males and 212 females, 36.8% were normotensive, 42% were prehypertensive, and 21% were hypertensive. Visceral fat (r 0.662, 95% CI: 0.60–0.72, P < 0.001) and resting metabolic rate (r 0.589, 95% CI: 0.52–0.65, P < 0.001) had the highest positive correlation, while skeletal muscle percentage (r -0.551, 95% CI: -0.62 to -0.48, P < 0.001) had a negative correlation with systolic blood pressure according to bivariate analysis. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for predicting hypertension, visceral fat volume had an area under curve (AUC) of 0.913, and resting metabolic rate had an AUC of 0.968, indicating the best predictive accuracy.

Conclusion:

Multiple BIA estimates, including high visceral fat content, resting metabolic rate, and adipose marker levels combined with low skeletal muscle percentage, were strongly associated with hypertension. Our analysis suggested the superiority of bioimpedance predictors over anthropometry-based prediction modeling alone for screening for hypertension in clinical practice.
Investigating the complications of frequent pregnancy loss in patients referred to obstetrics and gynecology clinics at King Khalid University Hospital
Authors: Alotaibi Shahad , Alshobaili Fahdah
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a common problem affecting many women. This study aimed to investigate the baseline characteristics of 400 women with RPL and to examine any differences in baseline characteristics of the recruited women with RPL throughout the years.

Methods:

This study used retrospective data, which included the records of patients with RPL who visited King Khalid University Hospital’s obstetric clinic between 2019 and 2022. The records of 400 patients who met the inclusion criteria were reviewed and analyzed.

Results:

The mean age of enrolled women was 36.5 ± 5.4 years, and the mean RPL was 3.8 ± 2.5. The study also revealed that there were significant statistical differences in obesity and vitamin D deficiency among women with RPL based on year (P = 0.013 and P = 0.036, respectively), whereas no significant statistical differences were found between women with RPL in terms of age, parity, diabetes, hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, antiphospholipid antibodies (APLs), uterine malformation, or consanguinity.

Conclusion:

Advanced maternal age, number of previous miscarriages, parity, diabetes, hypothyroidism, APLs, uterine malformations, first-degree consanguinity, and vitamin D deficiency were found to be significant risk factors associated with RPL among women in Saudi Arabia.
To assess the preparedness of primary care physicians in terms of their knowledge, attitude, beliefs, and confidence regarding smoking cessation in Gilgit
Authors: Khadija Bano , Swaleha Tariq
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Tobacco smoking poses a great threat to the healthcare system both in developed and developing countries due to its health hazard. Healthcare professionals and in particular physicians can play an effective role in encouraging people to quit smoking which will ultimately improve the overall health of their patients and hence prolong their lives

Subjects and Methods:

Data were collected from physicians from public and private hospitals that included Aga khan Health Services in Gilgit, Ghizer, and Hunza, District health quarter Hospitals in Gilgit, Hunza, and Ghizer, Sehat foundation between 1 December, 2021, and 30 May, 2022. A precoded questionnaire was filled which assessed the knowledge, attitude, practices, beliefs, and confidence of physicians in smoking cessation.

Results:

The mean age of physicians was 35.4 ± 9.11 years, of which 64.7% (n = 66) were males and 10.8% (n = 11) were current smokers. 23.5% (n = 24) of physicians had received formal training on smoking cessation (P value 0.002). 55.5% (n = 57) were unsure that Bupropion helps in quitting smoking and only 23.5% (n = 24) reported that they are very well prepared for counselling, whereas 42.2% (n = 44) were unsure how to assess smoker’s different stages of readiness to quit.

Conclusion:

We concluded that physicians of Gilgit Baltistan have sound knowledge about the adverse effects of smoking, but they are not confident in prescribing medication due to unaware of different methods of treatment available for smoking cessation.
Factors related to high caregiver burden of wives of patients with alcohol dependence syndrome: A case-control study from Eastern India
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Ravan Jayprakash R. , Thakur Bhaskar , Banerjee Arijita
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The caregiver burden in psychiatric illness is profound. However, the burden on spouses of patients with ADS remains a quest for medical research. The present study was done to assess the caregiver (wives) burden in a group of patients suffering from ADS as compared with that of schizophrenia.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in the psychiatric ward. A detailed comparative assessment was done between the caregiver burden and quality of life of wives whose spouses were diagnosed with schizophrenia and alcohol dependence syndrome.

Result:

The average burden perceived by spouses in schizophrenia was 77.69% ±1.51 across all domains as compared with spouses of an alcohol group (78.39 ± 1.69). Factors related to high burden and low quality of life among wives of the alcoholic group were found to be residing in rural areas, living in nuclear families, critical in-laws and noncooperative family members, severely abused, and having two or more children.

Discussion:

The caregiver burden in the spouse of a male ADS is comparable with the burden of the spouse of schizophrenia. Spouses (wives) of addicts need more appreciation and support from the other family members mostly in-laws.
Pattern of physical growth and pubertal changes in adolescent girls with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Nori Harshita , Kaur Harvinder , Singh Surjit , Bhalla Anil Kumar
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Aims:

To study the pattern of physical growth and pubertal changes in adolescent girls with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).

Methods and Material:

Weight, height, BMI, waist and hip circumference among 50 adolescent SLE girls (aged 8–17 years) were cross-sectionally studied using standardized techniques and instruments. Breast development stage, presence or absence of pubic and axillary hair and age of attainment of menarche were also noted.

Results:

With the advancement of age, weight and height of SLE girls increased but they were lighter and shorter compared to normal Indian peers. 18.4% of study girls were short-statured while only one participant was underweight. As per mid-parental height, 34.3% were predicted to have shorter final heights. BMI demonstrated an inconsistent trend with 12.3% and 9.2% being obese and overweight, respectively. Interestingly, 10.7% of SLE girls were at risk of metabolic syndrome (waist circumference >70th centile). About 50% of study girls had attained menarche (mean age: 13.04 ± 1.38 years). Appearance of pubic and axillary hair occurred around 1 year later than attainment of menarche. 33.80% of study subjects were in prepubertal stage of breast development and rest 66.20% were in advanced stages of breast development. SLE girls who had younger age at diagnosis and longer duration of therapy had significant delay in breast development and attainment of menarche.

Conclusions:

SLE girls show delayed growth and pubertal attainments compared to their normal Indian and Western counterparts. The data presented will provide an understanding of the auxological dynamics and pattern of pubertal changes among adolescent girls with SLE living in north-western India.
Assessment of visual impairment and need of rehabilitation services for children attending schools for blind in an urban city of North India
Authors: Phulke Sonia , Duggal Mona , Sandhu Rasikpriya , Kumar Suresh
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background/Aims:

By understanding the prevalence and causes of childhood blindness, stakeholders can work toward comprehensive strategies that encompass prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and support, ultimately improving the quality of life for affected children. The information about the pattern and causes of childhood blindness in Northern Indian states is limited, it highlights the need for further research and data collection to better understand and address the specific challenges in this region. Therefore, the present cross-sectional study was planned to ascertain the different causes and patterns of childhood blindness and to understand the barriers to the use of LVAs and its compliance among the students attending schools for the blind in a North Indian State.

Study Design and Setting:

Students from two schools for blind were examined in Chandigarh and its vicinity in North India. The different causes of severe visual impairment/blindness were classified as per the World Health Organization/Prevention of Blindness standard recording form.

Results:

A total of 89 students attending schools for the blind were examined. The mean age was 13.10 years (range = 4–16 years). Male, female ratio was 3.3:1. The major causes of blindness were congenital anomalies (whole globe anomalies 37.08%), followed by retinal conditions (16.7 = 8%), undetermined/other (12.3), and lenticular conditions (112%). More than one-third of children (34.8%) were blind due to avoidable causes of blindness.

Conclusion:

The current study data append on the existing national available data about childhood blindness in India. Though the sample size of the current is comparatively low, observed different results as compared to previously published reports from other regions, emphasize the strengthening of pediatric ophthalmology services as well as of low vision services in this particular region of North India.
Examining the impact of socioeconomic and demographic factors on women’s health: A survey-based study of menstrual hygiene, pregnancy, and postpregnancy care in the Gonds Tribe of Sonbhadra, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Singh Sakshi , Sharma Prerna , Singh Rajiv Ratan , Tripathi Sachin Kumar , Yadav Pradeep Kumar
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The Gonds tribe, indigenous to the Sonbhadra region in Uttar Pradesh, India, faces unique challenges and disparities in women’s health, particularly in the domains of menstrual health, pregnancy, and postpregnancy care. This study aims to shed light on the demographic patterns of these critical aspects of women’s health among the Gonds tribe, providing valuable insights for healthcare interventions and policy development.

Aim:

This study explores the demographic and socioeconomic factors affecting Gond women’s health, focusing on menstrual hygiene and life stages before, during, and after pregnancy.

Methodology:

We collected data on menstruation wellness behaviors, pregnancy experiences, and postpregnancy care by conducting an extensive survey among Gonds women in the Sonbhadra area. In addition, focus groups and qualitative interviews were used to acquire greater knowledge of the socioeconomic and social factors impacting these health-distinctive characteristics.

Result:

The Chi-square test shows no significant link between age group and menstrual hygiene product use. Young women (under 18) mostly use cotton cloth (56%). Women aged 18–49 prefer cotton cloth (53.2%). Women 50+ use cotton cloth (43.2%), cotton (29.7%), and sanitary napkins (27%). Marital status affects product use and cycle regularity. Cultural beliefs and education influence healthcare decisions. Menstrual hygiene mainly involves cotton cloth (45%) and cotton (26.1%).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, our analysis uncovers key insights: Marital status, healthcare access, education, cultural beliefs, and reproductive health practices influence community healthcare decisions. These findings inform tailored interventions to enhance health outcomes and equity.
To investigate the impact of revised diagnostic algorithm on presentation of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases at a referral centre in India
Authors: Jain Sandeep , Sarin Rohit , Vinay V. , Sharma Deepak , Saini Jitendra K. , Gupta Neha
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

A shift in policy has occurred with the introduction of molecular diagnostic tools for the upfront diagnosis of all cases of tuberculosis, including drug-resistant tuberculosis. The impact of this shift in policy on severity of disease was studied, and comparisons were drawn between the year 2015 and 2020.

Study Type and Design:

This was an observational study conducted between 2020 and 2021. Seventy patients of MDR-TB with or without additional drug resistance, hospitalized in the year 2015 and 2020, were studied.

Results:

The study reveals a substantial reduction in the median time from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis between 2015 and 2020. Specifically, the median duration decreased from 12 weeks in 2015 to 8 weeks in 2020. Moreover, we found that in 2015, all cases under study had a history of tuberculosis in comparison to 2020. Additionally, there was a higher incidence of anemia in 2015 compared to 2020. In the radiological examination, it was observed that in 2015, a higher frequency of cases exhibited cavitations, bronchiectasis, and fibrosis on chest X-rays compared to the findings in 2020. The mean cavity size in 2015 measured 6.73 cm, while in 2020, it averaged 4.06 cm. Additionally, we noticed a higher occurrence of significantly advanced cases in 2015 in contrast to 2020.

Conclusion:

The implementation of the new policy of upfront DST was noted to decrease the time required for diagnosis and bacterial load as ascertained from degree of sputum smear positivity, radiological lesions, and severity of anemia.
Men’s perception and participation in maternal and child health care in the field practice area of a teaching hospital: A cross-sectional study from rural Bengal
Authors: Dutta Sinjita , Rashid Mamunur , Bysac Ratul Kumar , Basu Mausumi , Mandal Nilendu , De Abhipsa
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Participation of men in maternal and child health (MCH) is crucial for the reduction of infant and maternal mortality. MCH care services have been focused on providing information and services to women, but males’ behaviour and decisions affect the health of the child and mother.

Objectives:

The objectives of the study were to assess the perception and participation of males in MCH care as well as, to identify the association of their perception and participation with socio-demographic characteristics and to find out the correlation between perception and participation regarding MCH care.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive type of observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 125 male residents from selected subcentres in Budge Budge II block of South 24 Parganas. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews using a predesigned, pretested, structured schedule. Multivariable binary logistic regression was done to identify the association between dependent and independent variables (P < 0.05). The correlation between perception and participation was assessed by Spearman’s rho.

Results:

The mean age of the participants was 34.3 (±5.6) years with most (59.2%) between the ages of 31–40 years of age. About 24% were unaware of pregnancy registration time, and 30.4% did not know the number of minimum antenatal check-ups. In total, 20% of study participants did not accompany their partner to the Antenatal Care (ANC) clinic, 6.4% did not accompany them during delivery, and almost 33.6% did not accompany their child to the immunization session. No variables were found to be significantly associated with the dependent variables. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between perception and participation (ρ = 0.3).

Conclusion:

Men’s perception and participation in MCH care services were found to be reasonably good though they can be improved. Awareness raises about the importance of men’s role in supporting their partner’s health during pregnancy and postpartum, as well as the overall well-being of their children through public health campaigns, community events, and targeted educational programs.
Effect of oral caroverine in the treatment of tinnitus: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Dash Anil K. , Panda Abinash , Prusty Nilamadhaba , Satpathy Manas R. , Bisoyi Sasmita K. , Barik Prasanjit A.
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

Caroverine is an antagonist of non-NMDA and NMDA glutamate receptors. Cochlear synaptic tinnitus arises from a synaptic disturbance of NMDA or non-NMDA receptors on the afferent dendrites of spiral ganglion neurons. This forms a basis for the use of caroverine in the treatment of tinnitus. Hence, the present study was carried out to find the effect of oral caroverine in the treatment of tinnitus.

Methodology:

This quasi-experimental study was carried out on sixty consecutive patients of tinnitus. Thirty patients were given the usual standard of care consisting of Tab. Cinnarizine 25mg twice daily along with fixed dose combination Cap. B-complex and Ginkgo biloba once daily for ninety days and thirty patients were given Cap. Caroverine 40mg, twice daily for ninety days. Outcome assessment was done using the tinnitus case history questionnaire, tinnitus handicap inventory score, and VAS. The data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism Trial Version. A P value ≤ 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.

Results:

There was a significant improvement in the tinnitus case history questionnaire score at 90 days in patients suffering from mild tinnitus when treated with caroverine. There was a larger decrease in the tinnitus handicap inventory score at 90 days of treatment in the caroverine-treated patients. The median VAS showed an improvement in the caroverine-treated group. The overall reduction in tinnitus in the caroverine-treated group was 53.3% with an odds ratio, 95% CI of 0.375 (0.12-1.08).

Conclusion:

Oral caroverine was found to be better than the usual standard of care in reducing mild cochlear synaptic tinnitus. It also improved sensory–neural hearing loss during the treatment period.
Assessment of knowledge and behavioral risk factors of reproductive tract infections among married women of 15–49 years in rural areas of Haldwani block, Uttarakhand
Authors: Verma Neha , Awasthi Sadhana , Pankaj Kumar
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

One of the most serious public health issues in India is reproductive tract infections (RTIs), which have a profound effect on the lives of men and women, as well as their families and communities.

Objectives:

To describe the sociodemographic traits, assess women’s RTI knowledge, and determine which behavioral risk factors are involved in female RTI.

Methods:

Using a 30-cluster sampling approach, a cross-sectional study design was employed to examine RTIs in 30 villages located in the Haldwani block of the district Nainital.

Results:

It was shown that just 7.6% of women knew enough about RTIs. Among the 450 women surveyed, the percentage of RTI cases was significantly lower for those who used the barrier method during menstruation (7.7%), had more than three children (25.7%), had a trained person deliver their baby in a hospital (24.1%), used condoms as a family planning method (5.6%), used sanitary pads during menstruation (25.6%), and maintained good personal hygiene (22.4%).

Conclusion:

The study revealed that the participants’ understanding of RTI was lacking.
Assessment of COVID-19 patients’ outcome based on clinical profile, laboratory parameters, and clinical management: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Khullar Shivani , Kothari Varun , Kothari Ruchi , Lakhotia Manoj
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has presented an unprecedented challenge to the global healthcare system, prompting an urgent need to understand the factors influencing patient outcomes. Critical to improving treatment protocols and reducing mortality rates is an in-depth assessment of the clinical profile, laboratory findings, and management strategies employed in treating COVID-19 patients. This research provides valuable insights that could influence future therapeutic approaches and public health strategies, ultimately aiming to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19. The study aimed to assess mortality predictors in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to COVID-19.

Methods:

This study employed a retrospective approach, utilizing patient data from medical records. The collected data encompassed demographic and clinical profiles and details regarding the duration of admission and treatment. The evaluation focused on patients admitted to the ICU for COVID-19 between March 2020 and July 2021, with confirmation through real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Rigorous statistical analysis was conducted to compare outcomes between discharged and deceased patients.

Results:

The study included a total of 202 ICU patients admitted for COVID-19. Among the cases, 147 (72.8%) were males and 55 (27.2%) were females. The mean age was 58.42 years, with a standard deviation of 15.59 years. Fever (92%) emerged as the most frequently encountered symptom, followed by cough (48.5%) and dyspnea (35%). Patients with underlying comorbidities exhibited a higher susceptibility to developing a severe or critical disease. Hypertension (n = 38) was identified as the most prevalent comorbidity, followed by type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 36). Hypertension has demonstrated a significant association with disease outcomes. Body temperature, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and mechanical ventilation played substantial roles in patient outcomes.

Conclusion:

The study revealed that underlying comorbidities and complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), were linked to significantly higher mortality rates among COVID-19 patients. Abnormal laboratory parameters also exhibited significant differences in the outcomes of ICU patients.
A retrospective observational study of orbital cellulitis in children - Recent trends
Authors: Mishra Santosh Kumar , Kumar Sunil , Kumari Arti , Sharma Nageshwar
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose:

Orbital cellulitis is an acute post-septal orbital infection caused mostly by bacteria. This may result in serious complications including blindness, meningitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis, brain abscess, and even death. The delay in treatment increases morbidity and mortality. The purpose of present study was to review cases of orbital cellulitis in recent years regarding its clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, treatment policy, complications, and disabilities. The outcome of study will help in early diagnosis and better management of orbital cellulitis cases.

Materials and Method:

Total 20 cases of orbital cellulitis in children from March 2021 to February 2024 were evaluated and analyzed in department of ophthalmology, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna.

Result:

Total 20 children with ages <18 years were evaluated. The average age of presentation was 7 years (range between 1 year and 17 years). 70% of cases were seen in male children. All patients presented with chemosis, congestion, eyelid swelling, proptosis, and restriction of eye movement. Orbital CT scan diagnosed 100% cases of orbital cellulitis (P < 0.01). In 45% of children, sinusitis was initial site of infection (P < 0.01). Swab culture was positive in 40% of the cases, organism being gram-positive cocci. Complete recovery was seen in 75% with 25% having some deficit in visual acuity or eye movement.

Conclusion:

Clinical symptoms and signs aided with orbital CT scan help in early diagnosis early detection and aggressive treatment with multidisciplinary approach may limit the complications of orbital cellulitis and also aid in complete recovery without any visual deficit.
Nurturing Peer Review Proficiency in the Curriculum for Early Career Medical Researchers: Fostering Academic Connectivity
Authors: Kumar Amit , Puranik Manjunath P.
Published: October 2024

Peer review is being criticized for its sluggishness and review quality. Swiftly identifying available reviewers and cultivating a pool of specialized experts is crucial to avoid delays and ensure a seamless peer review process. A promising strategy to enhance the quality of peer reviewers is to encourage and facilitate early career researchers (ECRs) to engage in co-reviewing with their mentors as part of their curriculum training. In addition, it holds significant potential to bridge gaps in research quality and discourage unethical ghostwriting of peer review reports. Encouraging co-reviewing practices in medical, dental, nursing, and other professional institutions will foster the development of critical skills, research awareness, mentorship, and collaborative abilities among ECRs. This paper proposes learning peer review modules in a two-step model, i.e., foundational learning and practical learning. Emphasizing peer review within the curriculum can be a significant and transformative step.
Preprocedural Mouthrinse During Dental Treatment in Covid -19 Patients: A Meta- analysis
Authors: Sudan Supinder , Ravishankar T.L , Yavagal Puja C. , Tafadar M.D Nazamuddin
Published: October 2024

Background:

The abrupt outbreak of the pandemic COVID-19 started in late 2019 caused widespread problems and issues. The capability to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 under biologically important conditions has not been evaluated till now systematically. As a result, the contribution of the use of mouthrinse before any dental treatment in reducing salivary viral load in COVID-19 patients is still unclear.

Aim:

The aim of the protocol is designed in PICO format as – patients taken are COVID-19 patients, intervention used is different mouthrinses, control taken as water, the studies included are clinical trials, and the outcome of the protocol is the efficacy of mouthrinses in reducing viral load.

Review Methods:

The registration of the protocol of the study was done under the number CRD42022325615 at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. The databases including Medline (through PubMed), Scopus, The Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register, and Google Scholar were thoroughly searched from December 2019 to April 2022. The articles were analyzed using the RevMan 5.3 software. The inclusion criteria for selecting studies were based on cyclic threshold values and log copies/mL of salivary viral load. The quality assessment was performed based on the Cochrane risk of the bias assessment tool.

Results:

Eleven articles were included for systematic review, and out of these, eight articles were considered for meta-analysis. The result of the meta-analysis showed through forest plot which indicated that hydrogen peroxide 1% had potent antiviral efficacy at 30 min and 1 h of its use, whereas chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine effects were the same at 5 min and 1 h of their use.

Conclusion:

The preprocedural mouthrinse with hydrogen peroxide 1% reduces the salivary viral load in COVID-19 patients and prevents its transmission. This mouthrinse can be used 30 min before initiation of any dental treatment and even in between the procedure.
Assessment of Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs among a Cohort of Pregnant Women in Hyderabad City – A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: VenkataLakshmi Satti , Kulkarni Suhas , Reddy M. Padma , Doshi Dolar , Shaik Sabiha Shaheen , Srilatha Adepu
Published: October 2024

Aim:

The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status and treatment needs of pregnant women visiting the Osmania Government Maternity Hospital in Hyderabad, India.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted for about 5 months, encompassing 606 pregnant women. In the clinical oral examination, the community periodontal index (CPI), loss of attachment (LOA), dentition status, and treatment needs were recorded using the World Health Organization 1997 pro forma. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22.0.

Results:

On periodontal examination, 279 (46%) subjects had calculus (Code “2”), and 219 (36.1%) respondents presented with shallow pockets (Code “3”) on probing. Furthermore, more than half of the study participants (353; 58.3%) had an LOA of 4–5 mm (Code “1”). Women in the third trimester had a significantly (P < 0.001) higher mean number of sextants affected with CPI Code “1” (1.94 ± 1.08), Code “3” (1.03 ± 1.14), Code “4” (0.09 ± 0.37), and LOA Code “2” (0.13 ± 0.40). Likewise, study participants who conceived three or more times had a significantly higher mean number of sextants affected by CPI Code “3” (1.09 ± 1.14; P < 0.001), LOA Code “1” (2.22 ± 1.53; P < 0.001), and LOA Code “2” (0.12 ± 0.36; P = 0.02). The mean decayed missing filled teeth (3.91 ± 3.25, 4.00 ± 3.24) and decayed teeth (3.83 ± 3.25, 3.96 ± 3.24) showed a significant (P = 0.0001) relationship with women in the third trimester, those who conceived three or more times. Based on treatment needs, 420 (69.3%) teeth are in need of one surface filling, 217 (35.8%) teeth require two or more surface fillings, and pulp care and restoration were needed in 213 (35.1%) teeth. On a note, a greater percentage of the participants (84%) had never been to the dentist.

Conclusion:

The study emphasizes the need to structure preventive oral health education programs at regular intervals targeting expecting women.
A space level light bulb theorem in all dimensions
Authors: Kosanović Danica , Teichner Peter
Published: October 2024

Given a

d

-dimensional manifold

M

and a knotted sphere

s\colon \mathbb{S}^{k-1}\hookrightarrow \partial M

with

1\leq k\leq d

, for which there exists a framed dual sphere

G\colon \mathbb{S}^{d-k}\hookrightarrow \partial M

, we show that the space of neat embeddings

\mathbb{D}^{k} \hookrightarrow M

with boundary

s

can be delooped by the space of neatly embedded

(k-1)

-disks, with a normal vector field, in the

d

-manifold obtained from

M

by attaching a handle to

G

. This increase in codimension significantly simplifies the homotopy type of such embedding spaces, and is of interest also in low-dimensional topology. In particular, we apply the work of Dax to describe the first interesting homotopy group of these embedding spaces, in degree

d-2k

. In a separate paper we use this to give a complete isotopy classification of 2-disks in a 4-manifold with such a boundary dual.
Design Optimization of Heat Transfer in Automotive Battery Using Generalized Neural Network Regression
Authors: Althi Tirupathi Rao , Manuel Naveen , K Manu
Published: October 2024

Electrification is driving the use of batteries for a range of automotive applications, including propulsion systems. Effective management of thermal energy in lithium-ion battery pack is essential for both performance and safety. In automotive applications especially, understanding and managing thermal energy becomes a critical factor. Cells in the propulsion battery pack dissipate heat at high discharge rates. Cooling performance of battery can be realized by optimizing the various parameters. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model build and simulations are resource intensive and demand high performance computing. Traditionally, evaluating thermal performance involves time-consuming CFD simulations. To address this challenge, the proposed novel approach using Generalized Neural Network Regression (GNNR) eliminates complex CFD model building and significantly reduce simulation time. GNNR achieves up to 85% accuracy in predicting Heat Transfer coefficient. The benefits of GNNR extend beyond accuracy. Streamlining the parameter optimization process, it enhances the thermal efficiency and cost-effectiveness of battery pack design. This acceleration in design precision ultimately reduces development costs. GNNR-based solution offers a faster, acceptably accurate way to evaluate thermal performance in lithium-ion battery packs, paving the way for faster design process.
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems Camera System Validation Using Open-Source Maps Data
Authors: R Manjunath , Saddaladinne Jagadeesh , Pachaiyappan Sathish
Published: October 2024

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) is a growing technology in automotive industry, intended to provide safety and comfort to the passengers with the help of variety of sensors like radar, camera, Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) etc. The camera sensors in ADAS used extensively for the purpose of object detection and classification which are used in functions like Traffic sign recognitions, Lane detections, Object detections and many more. The development and testing of camera-based sensors involves the greater technologies in automotive industry, especially the validation of camera hardware and software. The testing can be done by various processes and methods like real environment test, model-based testing, Hardware, and Software in loop testing. A fully matured ADAS camera system in the market comes after passing all these verification processes, yet there are lot of new failures popping up in the field with this ADAS system. Since ADAS is an evolving technology, many new field issues keep coming due to huge diversity of features in the real-world infrastructure. So, to bring up a more reliable ADAS system, validating every newly reported issue and including the fix in the software is the only way to bring the safe and reliable system in the Automobiles. If there is any issue reported in certain places, the current practice is to reproduce the issue in the same place, analyzing the issue & finding the solution with fix in the software and finally validating that issue in the same location. This process of reproducing the issue & validating the fix in the same location can become more complex and expensive since that hotspot locations can be found anywhere in the world. This paper proposes a technique for the camera-based testing includes maps-based testing by using real maps scenarios played in front of the camera in controlled simulation environment and evaluate the results to confirm the software maturity. Real world scenarios can be created using open-source maps data and using it after fine tuning in the Hardware in Loop (HiL) system can reduce the complexity and cost of development & validation of ADAS camera Sensors.