bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practical Cybersecurity Learning with Usable Security
Authors: Prakash Rout Binay , Bharti Vishal
Published: January 2023

In the digital era people are dependent on the web for the day-to-day needs. We human Beings use digital devices in every sector like from the chip of automobiles to the highly sophisticated medical equipment. From the road safety architecture to the home appliances all are connected to the internet. Having each and every device connected to the internet makes it easy for the bad actor to get into the system or the network and disrupt the intended use of the device even lead to many serious cybercrime issues. So, securing the network is the first priority of the software architecture. With this paper we are trying to explain the use of day-to-day software with the secure way which is useable by the user without any convenience. Also explain the different mitigation process at the time of and cybercrime incident and the walkthrough of the reach high level attacks and explaining the different software interface related to the security of the browser. The paper also mentioned some common tools used by bad actors. The method used by an attacker to intrude into a system is also explained in this paper which may help cybersecurity enthusiast to track down the infected device.
Optimization of APTEEN Protocol in the Wireless Sensor Network Using the Huffman Coding and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Anita  , Asthana Amita
Published: January 2023

Due to APTEEN’s practicality, the routing protocol has become a popular choice. However, there are issues with the network’s unequal energy consumption, the early death of certain nodes, and the channel’s poor effective coverage. In the literature, biologically motivated algorithms have been implemented for optimization of the versatile and edge-sensitive energy potential networks routing protocol. These algorithms are iterative in nature. As a result, in general, choosing the best cluster head takes a lengthy time to execute. To solve these problems, this paper uses Huffman coding and artificial neural networks to optimize the Adaptive Threshold-sensitive Energy Efficient Network (APTEEN) routing protocol. The Huffman coding reduces the data packet size, whereas an artificial neural network searches for the optimal cluster head in the APTEEN routing protocol. The proposed method is simulated in MATLAB and performance evaluation is done based on alive nodes, residual energy, First Node Dead (FND), Head Node Dead (HND), and Last Node Dead (LND). The result shows that the proposed method has higher alive nodes, residual energy, and better FND, HND, and LND nodes than the existing algorithms such as EDS-APTEEN and GA-APTEEN.
Deep Learning Based Intelligent Waste Identification System
Authors: Nikhil KR  , Aryan Chopra Yash , Ramasubramanya MS  , Karthik S
Published: January 2023

Garbage disposal and management have been one of the pertinent issues in every part of the world. Keeping the city clean is the collective responsibility of every citizen. Instead of blaming civic bodies for being waste vigilant, citizens should work with civic bodies to locate and report garbage in a visually informative and effective manner. In order to facilitate this, a novel CNN based garbage management system has been proposed in this work. In addition, an Android application has been developed to help citizens identify, locate, and report litter spots to maintain cleanliness. The user captures the image of the garbage pile. The CNN model identifies the garbage pile. If it is a garbage pile, the location is captured by the app, bundled with the image, and then uploaded into Google Sheets in JSON format via APIs. The app reads the JSON file and updates the location of litter across all the remaining users. The proposed model has obtained an accuracy of 91.23% in garbage identification.
Performance Analysis of Wearable Antenna Using Different Substrate Fabrics
Authors: Manikonda Ramesh
Published: January 2023

The performance and analysis of three different substrate fabrics such as cotton, felt, and jeans for the wearable textile antenna are presented in this paper. The dielectric constants of three fabrics are between 1 and 2 only. The two arcs and one circle slot are created on a hexagonal patch. The Wi-Fi shape wearable textile antenna is designed for WBAN (Wireless Body Area Network) applications. The simulated results of the radiation pattern return loss and VSWR of the aforementioned wearable textile antennas with three different substrates are evaluated, and the same is presented at the end. The Wearable antenna has been designed using HFSS software.
Securing Cloud Using Intrusion Detection Systems: A Review
Authors: Balaji Eepari Vishnu , Govind Raju Ch. , Dileesh Sai P. , Govindaraju K , Kiruthika Devi B.S.
Published: January 2023

Cloud computing consists of technologies like distributed computing, grid computing, virtualization, utility computing, network computing, and the web. There are several threats in the cloud, such as man-in-the-middle attacks, port scans, DoS/DDoS attacks, IP spoofing, and phishing. One of the most serious threats today is denial-of-service attacks, because they affect the availability of critical resources. The primary goal of this paper is to analyze the intrusion detection systems (IDSs) that can identify intrusion attempts in distributed systems as well as virtualized environments. This paper discusses various types of systems such as anomaly, signature, hybrid, hierarchical, and collaborative IDS. The systems are studied and the various methodologies, tools, datasets, operating layers, and accuracies of the IDS are compared and contrasted.
Face Detection System for Smart Security Application
Authors: Sri Vendra Bindhu , Raju Dasari Prudhvi , Vydehi K. , Kiruthika Devi B.S.
Published: January 2023

Face detection and recognition can be applied to numerous fields, and it is primarily used for improving security. For security purposes, facial recognition is considered to be the most reliable and accurate technology for identifying a person. Improvements in security systems can be made through this technology without causing any inconvenience. This article discusses several systems, such as smart home security systems, autonomous face detection systems, automotive security-based systems, face detection for surveillance applications, and multi-face recognition systems. Various detection mechanisms include such as Local Binary Pattern Histogram (LBPH), Support Vector Machine (SVM), AdaBoost learning algorithm, Haar Classifier Algorithm, and Principal component Analysis (PCA). A detailed study is carried out with these advanced techniques and their advantages, disadvantages and accuracies are compared and contrasted. According to the investigations, the Haar classifier appears to be superior to other techniques due to its accuracy and features.
A Comparative Study on Cloud Computing, Edge Computing and Fog Computing
Authors: Tank Birju , Gandhi Vaibhav
Published: January 2023

In the recent era, Cloud computing has emerged as a high demanding technology. Apart from the cloud computing, edge and fog computing also becoming popular. Cloud computing was developed to provide steady and expansible services to end-users as well as industries. The merger of cloud computing with smart devices brings us into a new version of computing. Presently, Edge computing and fog computing techniques are flattering the world after cloud computing, which has all matured with the limitations in cloud. The objective of this study is to examine the current trends and concepts in detail, also, to provide a comparative study for the fog computing, edge computing, and cloud computing. This study includes few features, application, advantages as well as disadvantages, and the contrast between these technologies and how every one of them is effective for different applications.
Forecasting of COVID-19 Outbreak in India: A Time Series Analysis
Authors: Rajni  , Kumar Tushant
Published: January 2023

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the status of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. Since then, numerous statistical, epidemiological and mathematical models have been used and investigated by researchers across the world to predict the spread of this pandemic in different geographical locations. The data for COVID-19 outbreak in India has been collated on daily new confirmed cases from March 12, 2020 to April 10, 2021. A time series analysis using Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was used to investigate the dataset and then forecast for the next 30-day time-period from April 11, 2021, to May 10, 2021. The selected model predicts a surge in the number of daily new cases and number of deaths. An investigation into the daily infection rate for India has also been done.
Robots, Institutional Roles and Collective Ends
Authors: Miller Seumas
Published: January 2023

In this paper the role of robots in institutional settings is considered and, in particular, the possibility of robots occupying institutional roles. It is argued that robots are not rational agents and, therefore, cannot choose their ultimate ends, including the ultimate collective ends of institutions. Moreover, robots are not moral agents and cannot exercise the moral judgments, including discretionary moral judgments, required of institutional role occupants. Rather robots can only be organisational role occupants performing a restricted range of specialised tasks that do not require moral judgments and doing so in circumscribed domains under the tight control of human beings. Robots in institutional roles are, or ought to be, technological instruments under the control of human agents in the service of the collective goods definitive of the institutions in question.
Right to Robot or a Duty to Older Generations
Authors: Laukyte Migle
Published: January 2023

To substitute humans with machines in elderly care and companionship sounds as nonsensical in the best of cases and as an absolute lack of humanity in the worst. However, the advancements of robotics offer novel ways to understand what machines could do for the elderly, and perhaps it is time to re-think our established assumption that the elderly have no friends nor companions in social robots. This contribution aims to argue that the social acceptance and integration of social robots into elderly people’s lives could be supported by what the author calls “a right to robot” that every elderly person should have. This right to robot could also be our way to comply with our duty to the older generation to respect and ensure its autonomy and freedom for as long as possible and to provide this generation with the most advanced and novel ways to live one’s life independently and in line with individual preferences.
Elders’ Expectations and Experiences with a Companion-Type Social Robot: Ethical Implications
Authors: Baisch Stefanie , Kolling Thorsten
Published: January 2023

Companion-type social robots are expected to support elders socially and emotionally. Whilst studies show promising results, ethical concerns have also been raised. Yet, there are only a few studies that investigate ethical issues empirically. The current study investigates elders’ expectations about the companion-type robot Pleo and how much these were fulfilled after prolonged interaction through an ethical lens, thereby also targeting in differences between elders living independently and with assistance. In the study, N = 33 elders living with and without assistance in the community or in nursing homes interacted with the robot dinosaur Pleo as it suited them in their home environment for two weeks. Expectations regarding a) the robot’s capabilities, and b) the robot’s impact on elders’ lives were assessed beforehand by means of open-ended interview questions. After two weeks, elders rated the fulfillment of their individual expectations on a 7-point scale. Overall experiences as recorded interview after the interaction period were also evaluated. The results show that elders expected the robot to behave almost like a living being. Whilst, overall, participants expected some therapeutic effects, elders living with assistance anticipated to derive fun and enjoyment from the robot. Negative effects like undue responsibility, fading of enjoyment, or anger and frustration were not uncommon. The results are discussed in the light of their ethical implications.
Robo-Education and the Pedagogical Divide
Authors: Constantinescu Mihaela , Uszkai Radu , Vică Constantin
Published: January 2023

On the background of recent concerns regarding online education in times of pandemic and a growing pedagogical divide in terms of unequal access to skilled teachers, we consider it timely to open a debate surrounding the use of social robots in education fulfilling a role that is anchored in the institution of pedagogs in Antiquity and which was somewhat left aside from contemporary inquiries: the pedagogical role of supporting and complementing the teaching activity. We develop our conceptual philosophical contribution to this debate around the following question: Is the use of social robots in primary and lower secondary education an intervention that can contribute positively to bridging the pedagogical divide? We offer a moderate-positive answer to this question within the normative framework of Aristotelian virtue ethics. Namely, we argue that social robots in the form of collaborative robots (cobots) can be co-designed as pedagogical enabling devices to provide support to children for acquiring intellectual virtues necessary in the educational process and thus contribute to solving part of the pedagogical divide.
The AI-Stance: Crossing the Terra Incognita of Human-Machine Interactions?
Authors: Strasser Anna , Wilby Michael
Published: January 2023

Although even very advanced artificial systems do not meet the demanding conditions which are required for humans to be a proper participant in a social interaction, we argue that not all human-machine interactions (HMIs) can appropriately be reduced to mere tool-use. By criticizing the far too demanding conditions of standard construals of intentional agency we suggest a minimal approach that ascribes minimal agency to some artificial systems resulting in the proposal of taking minimal joint actions as a case of a social HMI. Analyzing such HMIs, we utilize Dennett’s stance epistemology, and argue that taking either an intentional stance or design stance can be misleading for several reasons, and instead propose to introduce a new stance that is able to capture social HMIs—the AI-stance.
Identifying Opportunities for Social Robots in Youth Services: A Case Study of a Youth Guidance Center
Authors: Kaipainen Kirsikka , Jarske Salla , Väänänen Kaisa
Published: January 2023

Youth guidance services provide information and advice for young people, but often have limited resources and time to address all needs especially related to social interaction. Guided by the principles of Integrative Social Robotics, we conducted a case study of a youth guidance center to recognize central values and needs of clients and staff, based on which to identify possible opportunities for social interactions enabled by robots. The study consisted of a context study and an interview with a staff member, and an online questionnaire for young people (n=8) who had visited the center. The youth’s needs included conversational support and alleviation of anxiety; the staff’s needs involved getting feedback and provision of conversational support. The central values suggested by the youth were compassion, encouragement, respect, honesty, and safety, with acceptance as the overarching theme. Based on the findings, we discuss possible social robotic concepts and implications on design process and institutional practices. We also propose that values can be formulated as experience goals to guide the design process.
What Norms Are Social Robots Reflecting? A Socio-Legal Exploration on HRI Developers
Authors: Tanqueray Laetitia , Larsson Stefan
Published: January 2023

By relying on theory from sociology of law and data feminism, this study showcases the norms guiding development in human-robot interaction. This qualitative study consists of an ethnography of the HRI conference 2021 and expert interviews which were merged and analysed using an ethnographic content analysis method on NVivo. The socio-legal data feminist lens enables to pinpoint the lack of clear legal involvement, the reliance on the HRI community to develop, and the normative impact this has on the overall development of social robots. This study not only aims to showcase the vital role of HRI developers, but also the need for more critical scholars in this area.
HRI in the AGH Space Systems Planetary Rover Team: A Study of Long-Term Human-Robot Cooperation
Authors: Bażela Nina , Graczak Paweł
Published: January 2023

Building relationships and developing successful cooperation in human-robot teams has been an object of research for several years now, yet the studies of long-term relationships in such teams could still be considered sparse. The presented paper is based on a case study of the long-term relationship between a student construction team, AGH Space Systems, and their creation: Kalman, an autonomous rover designed for assisting a human astronaut. The research aimed to measure the level of trust towards the rover among the members of the team and to explore potential factors that could influence it. The adequacy of calling the rover a ‘social robot’, despite its lack of functionalities for social interactions, was also evaluated.Results showed the average level of trust was relatively similar among the team members. The only measured factor which showed a moderate, negative correlation with the subjects’ level of trust was the amount of sleep they had the previous night. Based on the conducted observations it was concluded Kalman can be considered a social robot, at least according to some definitions, due to the social context it operates in – the team’s willingness to consider it a partially conscious team member.
Social Robots in Constructive Conflicts
Authors: Miller Dave B , Sawyer Ben D , Intriligator James , Bland Byron
Published: January 2023

As social robots increase in capabilities and become ubiquitous parts of the environment, there will be more conflicts between humans and technological agents. Conflict is not necessarily bad: it can provide opportunities for sharing information, calibrating trust, and establishing common situation awareness—provided the conflict plays out in a reasonable manner. Social robots should be designed to act in conflict with humans gracefully and artfully, in order to use conflict as a mode of communication, limiting the adverse effects of confusion, frustration, and deadlock.
Should We Speculate About Robots?
Authors: de Pagter Jesse
Published: January 2023

The place of social robots in our social institutions is currently an important topic of discussion. An issue that rises regularly concerns the speculative character of several of the arguments in that discussion. This is unsurprising, as many of those arguments refer to future potentialities. For instance, the argument for robot rights has led to heavy debates on the usefulness of this speculative notion. In this contribution, the aim is to reflect on the role of speculative concepts in the field of robot ethics. The goal of this contribution is first of all to examine how robot ethics as a field is engaged in the development of speculative arguments. As a part of this, the speculative components in robotics narratives are reviewed. Furthermore, the contribution zooms in on the discussion around social robots while elaborating on different issues that can be seen as constitutive for improving speculative robot ethics. Finally, the goal is to provide new directions for further engagement with the contingent futures of social robots.
How Should the Law Treat Attacks on Police Robots?
Authors: Mamak Kamil
Published: January 2023

At least in some legal systems, the law protects police officers performing their duties from attacks. It could be said that an additional “layer” of protection, which is not rooted in the fact that police officers are humans, is linked to the process of performing police duties. Similarly to any other robot, police robots are not humans. However, they can perform police duties. Thus, should police robots warrant that additional “layer” of protection resulting from the fact that they perform police duties? In this paper, I aim to answer this question.
Roboticists’ Perspective on Social Robots in Social Institutions: How to Design Social Robots That Can Operate in Complex Social Environments?
Authors: Clodic Aurélie , Hakli Raul , Repiso-Polo Ely , Belhassein Kathleen
Published: January 2023

In order to operate successfully in human social world, robots need to collect and represent information not only about the physical environment, but the other agents and their beliefs and goals, groups of agents with shared beliefs and goals, and institutional structures such as social norms, rules, and conventions. The workshop studies what kind of robot architectures and knowledge representation and reasoning mechanisms are needed in order to deal with such complexity. Will it suffice to do within the conceptual paradigm of intentional agency and the BDI-style approaches that are based on the conceptual primitives of beliefs, desires, and intentions or will it be necessary to add new primitive concepts, like obligations or commitments, or group-based concepts, like collective beliefs or we-intentions? Or are there viable alternatives to the intentional agency paradigm that would be sophisticated enough to enable robots to operate in complex social environments without recourse to attribution of intentional states altogether? These are some of the questions that the workshop aims to tackle.
Reflections From a Post-Pandemic Library
Authors: Ekstrand Malin , Janvari Monika
Published: January 2023

One of the many lessons learned from the Covid-19 pandemic is the importance of connecting and collaborating with students and staff in and outside the library. Because of Covid, the interaction was kept at a minimum and limited to the occasional zoom-based lectures or individual instructions. After reopening our library, we experienced a dramatic drop in library visits and library use. In this reflective text, we discuss the challenges we faced as we returned to a new normal.
CURRENT RESEARCHES ON THE ISSUE OF ASSESSMENT IN TRANSLATION DIDACTICS
Authors: Fabrychna Yana
Published: January 2023

This paper deals with studying the current research addressing the issues of assessment in translation didactics. The critical analysis of relevant scientific resources is aimed at finding out important theoretical achievements, empirical contributions and best practices in the sphere of organization and realization of the assessment aspects in translation teaching for grounding theorizing of the assessment system in teaching translation in the realm of education. In particular, the paper focuses on approaches, aims, functions, objects, kinds, methods and instruments, their peculiarities and requirements to them in terms of kind of translation, language pair, subject domain, higher education grade level. The outlined issues include incorporating industry assessment practices into education and academic training; forms and peculiarities of feedback and evaluation functions; methods (holistic, analytical, combined) of measuring and assessing translation quality, level of competence in translation and its components, learning objectives, efficiency of the translation process; methods of translation process monitoring; assessment criteria; finding, analysis and classification of translator's errors and mistakes; classification of kinds of assessment and ways of their realization; peculiarities of formative and summative assessment in translation teaching; involving students in assessment procedure; self-assessment and peer assessment and ways of their efficiency providing; testing in translation teaching.
PROBLEMS OF EXHIBITING RARE AVIATION EQUIPMENT IN MUSEUMS OF KYIV
Authors: Lebedev І. , Lebedeva І.
Published: January 2023

The article gives a brief description of technical museums, which, along with historical, artistic, military, and local lore, are an element of preserving the people’s cultural heritage. It is noted, in particular, those technical museums are divided into multidisciplinary and sectoral (which are more common). In addition, the development of military equipment is reflected in military history museums. A brief description of the first technical museums of Kyiv and the most famous aviation museums in the world is given. In particular, the attention paid in the West to the planes of the Second World War and their participation in air shows, which gather thousands of spectators, is described. As an example of the restoration and the difficulties that arose during its implementation, which was due to the lack of technical documentation, the process of restoration of the WB bomber is given. It turns out that the stamp «secretly» extended to all drawings of it. That is why after the removal of this model of the bomber from production, all the documentation for the aircraft was destroyed, even though the operation of the machine in civil aviation continued for several years. The way of ANT-7 production of the end of 1920s to the exposition in the hangar of the 11th building of NAU is considered in detail. The exhibit was collected from three planes that crashed in different parts of the North and Siberia in the 1940s. It is noted that the restoration of the engines was the most excellent part of the process, as the manual for their operation and highly qualified specialists were found. Attention is also paid to the reasons for deviations from the technical norms of the late 1920’s – early 1930’s models in the process of the restoration of the aircraft. Attention is also paid to the opening of the State Aviation Museum of Ukraine and the expansion of its exposition. In addition, the prospects of searching for World War II aircraft in Ukraine are considered and the need for state involvement, in this case, is emphasized.
World experience of urban tourism and prospects for Ukraine
Authors: Pilchenko А.
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes to research the main theoretical approaches to urban tourism, defines the etymology of the definitions of “urban tourism” and “urban travel”, gives the main motives for visiting the largest cities – world tourist centers by travelers, analyzes the key indicators of urban tourism. It has been established which indicator is recognized for assessing the level of competitiveness and development of the tourism industry in different countries of the world at the international level. Thepurpose of the article is to analyze the features of tourism development in the cities of the European and Asian regions, to establish the es sence of the concept of urban tourism, to analyze the features of the development of urban tourism incities of the world that have managed to achieve positive experience in the concept of sustainable development, to analyze the main tourism resources of the cities of the world, to reveal the features of the species component urban tourism and to explore promising directions of development for Ukrainian cities.The scientific novelty of the obtained research results lies in thedevelopment of theoretical, methodological and practical recommendations for the optimization of urban tourism in Ukraine, taking into account positive world experience. The conceptual system in relation to the resource analysis of the city tourism is researched. Key concepts of terminology of the Law of Ukraine «About tourism» with the concepts recommended by UNWTO were compared. The conclusion about the expediency of the terminology usage that is harmonized with the conceptual system recommended by UNWTO was proved. Based on the resources structure analysis of the city tourism, the conclusion aboutpeculiarity of this structure for each concrete city was proved. This article discusses the importance of urban tourism, its impact on economic development and the country’s image, taking into account socio-cultural and economic aspects.
Ellen G. White’s Statements in Their Original Context on the Heathen Being Saved
Authors:   Andrews University, Tompkins Andrew
Published: January 2023

This article is a study of a number of statements found in the writings of Ellen G. White on the experience of the heathen who have not heard about Jesus or God’s law. A brief section on the historical theological setting during the lifetime of Ellen White, specifically as it relates to the question of the eternal destiny of the heathen, will preface the primary portion of the study. The question of the eternal destiny became a major discussion issue, in the wider Protestant world, during the lifetime of Ellen White. It was also an issue that John Wesley addressed on a few different occasions in his sermons. The Wesleyan approach to the issue is mirrored in many ways in the writings of Ellen White. This article seeks to highlight some of these. The main sections of the study contain analysis of three chapters in White’s writings, one from each of the following: The Desire of Ages, Christ’s Object Lessons, and Prophets and Kings with a few additional notes on some other passages she wrote. The goal is to place the statements of Ellen White on the heathen within their literary context in order to have a more complete understanding of these statements. Part of the reason this is needed is because these quotations are often quoted without reference to their wider setting, and sometimes in contradictory ways. For Seventh-day Adventists the question of the unevangelized has not always been clearly answered either from Scripture or the writings of Ellen White. This article seeks to shed some light on Ellen White’s understanding in order to create a balanced view of Ellen White’s statements on the eternal destiny of the heathen.
Dissertation Abstract: The Contribution of Paul Hiebert to Folk Religion: A Missiological Study among the Dendis of Northeast Benin
Authors:   Andrews University, Badé Michée
Published: January 2023

Completed in September 2022 with the department of Practical and Missional Theology of the University of the Free State, South Africa.
Deliverance Ministry Among Adventists in the North American Context
Authors:   Adventist Frontier Missions, Vine Conrad
Published: January 2023

Deliverance Ministry (DM) among Adventists in North America is a rarely discussed topic. In North American Adventism, it is uncommon for those who do experience demonization to openly discuss their spiritual plight with fellow Adventists, or even with their pastors. Empirical feedback from those who seek deliverance, and from the participants at the International Fellowship of Adventist Mission Studies / Swallen Mission Conference organized by the Department of World Mission at the Adventist Seminary, Andrews University (September 2015) indicates that many Adventist pastors and seminarians in North America feel relatively unprepared to respond to requests for deliverance from members.
Footholds and Strongholds
Authors:   Adventist University of Central Africa, Onongha Kelvin
Published: January 2023

At creation God made humans in His image and likeness, endowing them with powers and abilities akin to their Creator. One distinguishing quality which humans alone possessed, unique from all other creatures, was the power of choice—the will. This unique attribute made humans the only creatures with the ability to say yes or no to God. Since the devil’s fall from glory, it has been his mission to deceive and enlist others in his rebellion against the sovereignty of God. Continuing the work of deception and rebellion he began in heaven before he and his confederates were forcefully expelled, he seeks in his wrath against the Creator to totally deface the image of God from the lives of His children (Rev 12:17). To achieve these objectives Satan seeks inroads into people’s lives; means by which he can obtain a foothold, which could later become a stronghold, to gain total control or subordination of the human will to his whims and pleasures. Ultimately, as Jesus stated, his mission is to “kill, and steal, and destroy” (John 10:10). The beginning point for his objective is finding a foothold to obtain access into the lives of God’s creatures, for whom He sent His Son to die on the cross. As a result of the great conflict which broke out in heaven (Rev 12:7-11), the devil and his evil angels were expelled from their former abode and became vagrants in need of new habitations. This problem was solved when the devil tempted Eve in the Garden of Eden to disobey God. By complying to the counsel of the deceiver, the earth’s dominion was ceded to the usurper (Gen 3). The fall of Adam and Eve occurred because the devil found a foothold, an entry point into the heart of Eve. This foothold was the sin of covetousness. Eve apparently coveted the adulation and glory only God should have; she desired to be worshiped (v. 5). Eve was deceived by Satan who thereby gained control of her and subsequently used her as an agent to tempt Adam to join in the rebellion against God. Adam, on his part, apparently chose to join his wife in her disobedience rather than to obey God and live. In attempting to be godlike Adam and Eve lost their paradise home, their dominion over the entire creation, and their position as custodians of God’s world entrusted to them. Intriguingly, the same unholy ambition which Satan had nursed—the desire to have the position, dominion, and glory belonging to the Creator—he transmitted to Adam and Eve.
The Predictive Effect of Individual and Environmental Factors on Motor Performance of Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors:   Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Shafaghatian Negar , Bordbar Arash ,   Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Maroufizadeh Saman ,   Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Mirzakhani Navid ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Amini Malek ,   Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: January 2023

Objectives: Premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are exposed to environmental risks that may cause developmental problems i. The present study aimed to investigate the predictive effect of individual and environmental factors on the motor performance of low birth weight preterm infants. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in the neonatal clinic of Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital in Tehran City, Iran. A group of 90 low birth weight infants were enrolled in the study by non-probabilistic method and according to the inclusion criteria. Test of infant motor performance (TIMP), sensory profile2 (infant section), affordance in the home environment for motor development (AHEMD), and a demographic questionnaire were used to evaluate motor performance, sensory status, home environment, and other factors (birth weight, corrected age, parent’s education, etc.), respectively. Results: TIMP elicited score was positively correlated with the infant’s age (r=0.390, P<0.001) and infant’s weight (r=0.260, P=0.011), and negatively correlated with duration of hospitalization in NICU (r=-0.210, P=0.047). A significant negative correlation was observed between TIMP elicited score and total infant sensory profile2 score (r=0.391, P<0.001) and a positive correlation was observed between TIMP elicited score and total affordance in the home environment for motor development score (r=0.207 P=0.049). Discussion: The present study’s results showed that elicited movement has a significant relationship with infant sensory status and home environment and demographic variables (infant’s age, gender, infant’s weight, type of delivery, NICU duration, father and mother’s age, number of family children) and the sensory status has a more predictive effect on infant motor performance than the environmental questionnaire.
Psychological Effects of the Outbreak of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers in Iran
Authors:   Department of Geriatric Nursing, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran., Kabusi Malihe , Sepehr Parvin ,   Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Poursadeghian Mohsen ,   Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran., Zamani Zahra ,   Department of Pediatric Nursing, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Tahghighi Hossein ,   Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran., Salehi Sahlabadi Ali ,   Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ebrahimpour Roodposhti Maryam ,   Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran., Shafiei Zahra ,   Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, Amanat Nasir ,   Nursing Care Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran., Eshaghzadeh Maliheh ,   Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
Published: January 2023

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic exposed healthcare workers to heavy stress and made them vulnerable to various types of mental illnesses. This study aims to evaluate the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare workers in the COVID-19 ward. Methods: This study was performed during the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 9-Dey Hospital of Torbat Heydarieh in Iran, in which a total of 178 healthcare workers in the COVID-19 ward participated via the census sampling method. In this study, we employed the Goldberg general health questionnaire along with a researcher-made questionnaire on the experience of exposure to COVID-19 disease. Following the completion of the questionnaires, the participants’ data were analyzed by the SPSS software and statistical tests (the Spearman and Pearson correlations). Results: Our results showed 91.1%, 77.57%, 87.55%, 87.07%, 56.75%, and 74.16% for the general health, physical symptoms, anxiety symptoms, sleep disorders, social dysfunction, and depression symptoms, respectively, during the COVID-19 pandemic conditions. The results showed a significant association between the experience of exposure to COVID-19, anxiety symptoms, and sleep disorders (P<0.05). Discussion: Access to counseling and psychotherapy systems, rehabilitation, and the improvement of working conditions can effectively enhance resilience and promote the mental health of healthcare workers and increase the quality of care and treatment services.
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Chance for a Multidisciplinary Treatment Approach
Authors:   Ataturk Chest Diseases and Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey., Satar Seher , Candemir Ipek ,   Ataturk Chest Diseases and Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey., Ergun Pinar ,   Ataturk Chest Diseases and Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Published: January 2023

Objectives: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by progressively worsening lung function, ventilation capacity, dyspnea, and finally reduced exercise intolerance. All of these have a significant negative impact on functional capacity and quality of life. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in IPF and assess the predictors of success. Methods: Data from 17 IPF patients who completed the program from the total of 27 patients who applied to PR were used in our study. We evaluated their pulmonary function tests, exercise capacity, peripheral-respiratory muscle strength, body composition, quality of life, and psychological states before and after PR. Results: Following the PR program, improvements over the minimal clinically important differences were observed in almost all parameters compared to the baseline; however, statistically significant improvements were only observed in the medical research council (P=0.020), the St. George respiratory questionnaire (P=0.002), the maximal inspiratory pressure (P=0.024), the anxiety score (P=0.001), the depression score (P=0.002), and the right quadriceps muscle strength (P=0.046). There was only a statistically significant negative correlation between the initial forced vital capacity and the forced expiratory volume in one-second value with the increase in patients’ maximal inspiratory pressure values after PR. Discussion: After a multidisciplinary, comprehensive PR program, dyspnea sensation, exercise capacity, endurance time, quality of life, respiratory and peripheral muscle strengths, and psychological status were improved regardless of age, gender, antifibrotic treatment, and comorbidities. Therefore, patients should be referred to PR units before the deterioration in the quality of life in the early stages of the disease.
Smart Grid and wind generators: an overview of cyber threats and vulnerabilities of power supply networks
Authors: Fursov Ihor , Yamkovyi Klym , Shmatko Oleksandr
Published: January 2023

The subject of this study is the cyber vulnerability of wind generators, as part of the cyberphysical system of intelligent power supply networks, Smart Grid. Wind generators produce electricity for further distribution in the network between «smart» electricity consumers, which often include autonomous power systems in medical institutions, autonomous power supply of homes, charging stations for cars, etc. Wind generators operate in two aspects: in the physical and information space. Thus, a violation of the security of the information flow of a wind generator can affect the physical performance of electricity generation, and disable equipment. The study aims to identify types of cyber threats in the wind generator network based on the analysis of known attack incidents, analysis of the Smart Grid network structure, network devices, protocols, and control mechanisms of a wind generator. The tasks of the work are: review and analyze known cyberattack incidents; review the classification of cyber threats to wind farms; consider the most common methods of attacks on the cyberphysical system of wind farms; consider ways of intrusions into the information flow of the cyberphysical system wind generator; consider resilience mechanisms of wind generators in case of a cyberattack, consider the directions of further research. The methods are a systematic approach that provides a comprehensive study of the problem, quantitative and qualitative analysis of incidents of cyber attacks on wind generators, and methods of attacks. The following results were obtained: 11 large-scale known incidents of cyber attacks on the cyberphysical systems of the energy sector and smart power supply networks were analyzed, and information flow features and structure of the wind generators were considered. Main communication interfaces of the Smart Grid network were reviewed, control mechanisms for the physical parts of the wind generator system such as automatic voltage regulator, and automatic generation control were observed, vulnerable data transmission protocols, DNP3 in particular, were analyzed, possible consequences in the case of a cyber-intrusion into the network were considered. Conclusions: wind farms, as part of the Smart Grid system, are a convenient target for cyberattacks, as the number of potential ways to interfere with the information flow of the cyberphysical system is growing due to an increase in the number of sensors, communication channels in the network. This is especially important for the further development of wind farm security systems, which at the time, are not able to provide high accuracy of intrusion detection into the information flow.
Research of potential data leaks in information and communication systems
Authors: Zadereyko Оlexander , Trofymenko Olena , Prokop Yuliia , Loginova Nataliia , Dyka Anastasiia , Kukharenko Serhii
Published: January 2023

This article discusses the problem of ensuring the protection of user data in information systems. It is shown that classic information systems are represented by stationary and mobile communication devices focused on data exchange with digital space. The fundamental principles of user data exchange in the digital space are considered. It has been established that leading technology IT corporations collect data from user communication devices. It is shown that the organization of data collection is carried out by redirecting the DNS traffic of the communication device to the DNS servers of IT corporations, followed by its encryption using the DoH protocol. This makes it impossible for authorized services and departments of national states to control the users’ DNS traffic and ensures the monopoly position of IT corporations in the global digital market for collecting and analyzing user data. It is shown that the collection of user data is carried out with the aim of further monetization and influencing decisions made by users. DNS traffic of devices for communication with the digital space of the Internet is fixed. An audit of the recorded DNS traffic was performed, and as a result, specialized Internet resources were identified to be responsible for collecting and processing user data. It has been proved that the identified specialized Internet resources belong to IT corporations. Methods of identification of communication devices in digital space were considered. It is shown that the identification of communication devices is based on the collection of a unique set of data from each communication device. Based on each unique data set, a digital fingerprint of the communication device is formed, which is used for its further identification in the digital space. These approaches allow organizing protection against user data collection in information systems. Software and hardware implementations for protection against data collection from communication devices are proposed. It has been experimentally established that the combined use of the proposed software and hardware models provides the most effective protection against data collection from communication devices and does not affect the functionality of information systems.