bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a dynamical statistical analog ensemble forecast model for landfalling typhoon disasters
Authors: Wu Caiming , Ren Fumin , Zhang Da-Lin , Zhu Jing , McBride John Leonard , Chen Yuxu
Published: September 2023

In this report, the development of a Dynamical Statistical Analog Ensemble Forecast model for landfalling typhoon disasters (LTDs) and some applications over coastal China are described. This model consists of the following four elements: (i) obtaining the forecast track of a target landfalling typhoon, (ii) constructing its generalized initial value (GIV), (iii) identifying its analogs based on the GIV, and (iv) assembling typhoon disasters of the analogs. Typhoon track, intensity, and landfall date are introduced in GIV at this early development stage. The pre-assessment results show that the mean threat scores of two important damage levels of LTDs reach 0.48 and 0.55, respectively. Of significance is that most of the damage occurs near the typhoon centers around the time of landfall. These results indicate the promising performance of the model in capturing the main damage characteristics of typhoon disasters, which would help coastal community mitigate damage from destructive typhoons.
The phylogenetic position and analysis of Renicola and Apharyngostrigea species isolated from Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis)
Authors: Salem Mai A. , Mahdy Olfat A. , Shaalan Mohamed , Ramadan Reem M.
Published: September 2023

Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) is one of the most well-known herons in Egypt. It is called the friend of the farmer because it benefits farmers and helps them get rid of insects and worms. It acts as a reservoir for many diseases. Few researchers have discussed the significance of parasitic diseases that affect this wild bird and may lead to mortalities among the population especially the importance of vital organs such as kidneys. Therefore, this study aimed to spotlight parasitic infection-affected herons in Egypt and consider the risks to this beneficial bird. During this study, 23 Bubulcus ibis were captured after their death from Abou Rewash Giza Governorate, Egypt, during the period from February to September (2022). Renicola species (spp.) and Apharyngostrigea spp. are two important digenean parasites that were recovered from the kidneys, and small intestine of the heron Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) with an infection rate of (17.2%) and (11.8%) respectively. Histopathological techniques were used to assess tissue alterations while light microscopy and molecular assays were used to assess the parasites. The parasites’ morphological and morphometrical characteristics, as well as polymerase chain reaction and sequencing assays (mitochondrial sections), were investigated for the first time in Egypt. These parasites were given in-depth illustrations and drawings. The distinctive qualities of the two species were discussed. As the first record from Egypt, the nucleotide sequences discovered in this work have been uploaded into the GenBank database (accession numbers: OR021986 and OQ955829). Microscopically, the renal blood vessels had vasculitis, necrosis, and other degenerative alterations. Further research analyzing the health of various heron spp. and environmental deterioration can help to close information gaps about the interactions between parasites, their hosts, and environmental health.
Identification and verification of genes associated with hypoxia microenvironment in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Yuan Mingyang , Feng Yanjin , Zhao Mingri , Xu Ting , Li Liuhong , Guo Ke , Hou Deren
Published: September 2023

As the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases year by year, more people begin to study this disease. In recent years, many studies on reactive oxygen species (ROS), neuroinflammation, autophagy, and other fields have confirmed that hypoxia is closely related to AD. However, no researchers have used bioinformatics methods to study the relationship between AD and hypoxia. Therefore, our study aimed to screen the role of hypoxia-related genes in AD and clarify their diagnostic significance. A total of 7681 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in GSE33000 by differential expression analysis and cluster analysis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to detect 9 modules and 205 hub genes with high correlation coefficients. Next, machine learning algorithms were applied to 205 hub genes and four key genes were selected. Through the verification of external dataset and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), the AD diagnostic model was established by ANTXR2, BDNF and NFKBIA. The bioinformatics analysis results suggest that hypoxia-related genes may increase the risk of AD. However, more in-depth studies are still needed to investigate their association, this article would guide the insights and directions for further research.
DNA methylation at quantitative trait loci (mQTLs) varies with cell type and nonheritable factors and may improve breast cancer risk assessment
Authors: Herzog Chiara , Jones Allison , Evans Iona , Zikan Michal , Cibula David , Harbeck Nadia , Colombo Nicoletta , Rådestad Angelique Flöter , Gemzell-Danielsson Kristina , Pashayan Nora , Widschwendter Martin
Published: September 2023

To individualise breast cancer (BC) prevention, markers to follow a person’s changing environment and health extending beyond static genetic risk scores are required. Here, we analysed cervical and breast DNA methylation (n = 1848) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (n = 1442) and demonstrate that a linear combination of methylation levels at 104 BC-associated methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTL) CpGs, termed the WID™-qtBC index, can identify women with breast cancer in hormone-sensitive tissues (AUC = 0.71 [95% CI: 0.65–0.77] in cervical samples). Women in the highest combined risk group (high polygenic risk score and WID™-qtBC) had a 9.6-fold increased risk for BC [95% CI: 4.7–21] compared to the low-risk group and tended to present at more advanced stages. Importantly, the WID™-qtBC is influenced by non-genetic BC risk factors, including age and body mass index, and can be modified by a preventive pharmacological intervention, indicating an interaction between genome and environment recorded at the level of the epigenome. Our findings indicate that methylation levels at mQTLs in relevant surrogate tissues could enable integration of heritable and non-heritable factors for improved disease risk stratification.
Realization of non-Hermitian Hopf bundle matter
Authors: Kim Yung , Park Hee Chul , Kyung Minwook , Lee Kyungmin , Ryu Jung-Wan , You Oubo , Zhang Shuang , Min Bumki , Park Moon Jip
Published: September 2023

Non-trivial linking invariant encodes robust information of topological matter. It has been recently shown that the linking and winding of complex eigenenergy strings can classify one-dimensional non-Hermitian topological matter. However, in higher dimensions, bundles of linked strings can emerge such that every string is mutually linked with all the other strings. To the best of our knowledge, a non-Hermitian Hopf bundle has not been experimentally clarified. Here, we attempt to explore the non-Hermitian Hopf bundle by visualizing the global linking structure of spinor strings in the momentum space of a two-dimensional electric circuit. By exploiting the flexibility of reconfigurable couplings between circuit nodes, we study the non-Hermitian topological phase transition by exploring the intricate structure of the Hopf bundle. Furthermore, we find that the higher-order skin effect in real space is accompanied by the linking of spinor strings in momentum space, revealing bulk-boundary correspondence between the two domains.
Unveiling the synthesis patterns of nanomaterials: a text mining and meta-analysis approach with ZIF-8 as a case study
Authors: Manning Joseph R. H. , Sarkisov Lev
Published: September 2023

Schematic of data pipeline developed in this study, using text mining to extract structured data about published ZIF-8 synthesis protocols, and thereby build information models about the synthesis process.
Antimicrobial peptide-functionalized polyhydroxyalkanoate bio-beads as a bactericidal material for water disinfection
Authors: Wu Ying , Zhu Baotong , Wei Na
Published: September 2023

Introduce BDH as a new class of environmentally-friendly antimicrobial biomaterial for water disinfection.
Exploring the potential of mosambi peel and sago powder in developing edible spoons
Authors: Siddiqui Bareera , Ahmad Alisha , Yousuf Owais , Younis Kaiser
Published: September 2023

Systematic representation of converting mosambi peel added with sago into edible spoon.
In situ polymerized PEDOT dispersions with sulfated cellulose nanofibrils for 1D and 2D conductors
Authors: Pingrey Benjamin , Hsieh You-Lo
Published: September 2023

PEDOT synthesized in the presence of SCNF with matching charge spacings was aligned along SCNF to reach 37.5 and 6150 S cm−1 conductivities for EG doped films and fibers, and impressive 15 500 S cm−1 for fibers spun directly into sulfuric acid.
Glycerol selective oxidation to lactic acid over platinum–vanadium bimetallic catalysts supported on activated carbon
Authors: Pemmana Hanumanth Reddy , Reddi Ramu , Uppaluri Ramagopal V. S. , Peela Nageswara Rao
Published: September 2023

Highly effective bimetallic catalysts for the selective oxidation of glycerol to lactic acid.
Catalytic olefin metathesis in blood
Authors: Nasibullin Igor , Yoshioka Hiromasa , Mukaimine Akari , Nakamura Akiko , Kusakari Yuriko , Chang Tsung-Che , Tanaka Katsunori
Published: September 2023

A Ru-based artificial metalloenzyme (ArM) at just 1–5 mol% could catalyze olefin metathesis in blood to construct various molecular scaffolds. The cancer-targeting ArM at a low dosage could elicit tumor growth inhibition by in vivo drug synthesis.
Molecular dynamics interpretation of hydrogen bonds for colorless, water-resistant, tough, and self-healable elastomers
Authors: Kim Seon-Mi , Lee Minkyung , Park Sanggil , Park Seul-A. , Jeon Hyeonyeol , Koo Jun Mo , Park Sung Bae , Kim Hyo Jeong , Eom Youngho , Lee Eun Seong , Kim Hyungjun , Oh Dongyeop X. , Park Jeyoung
Published: September 2023

A new molecular dynamics for transparent and self-healing elastomers are developed that uses aliphatic disulfide and H-bond acceptors to produce colorless and waterproof coatings, particularly in display applications.
The metal–support interaction effect in the carbon-free PEMFC cathode catalysts
Authors: Dong Feilong , Liu Yarong , Lv Zunhang , Wang Changli , Yang Wenxiu , Wang Bo
Published: September 2023

The metal–support interaction effect in the carbon-free PEMFCs cathode catalysts are summarized in this review.
Checkliste Injektionen
Authors: Vetter Karl
Published: September 2023

Als invasive Maßnahme bedeuten Injektionen einen Eingriff in die körperliche Unversehrtheit, der erst durch Aufklärung, Einwilligung, Verhältnismäßigkeit sowie korrekte Vorbereitung und Durchführung zulässig wird. Zur Vorbereitung zählen unter anderem sorgfältige Indikationsstellung, „5-R-Regel“, Patienteninformation, Prüfung von Kontraindikationen, Vollständigkeit und Eignung des Materials sowie Hygiene. Für die Durchführung einer Injektion sind Kriterien wie Desinfektion, Kanülengröße, Injektionsstellen, Hygiene, Beobachtung und Entsorgung zu beachten.
Akupunktur – eine „feine“ invasive Methode
Authors: Bögel-Witt Martina
Published: September 2023

Summary: Die 3 großen traditionellen Akupunkturkonzepte stellen jeweils die Wandlungsphasen (5 Elemente), die Zang Fu oder die Leitbahnen in den Mittelpunkt. Bei Störungen der Wandlungsphasen (Fülle, Leere) oder der Zang Fu (Yin- und Yang-Organe) wird jeweils nach deren Prinzipien akupunktiert, während sich bei Beschwerden des Bewegungsapparates und Schmerzen die Leitbahnen-Akupunktur anbietet. Die Methoden lassen sich sehr gut kombinieren – so auch im vorgestellten Fall, in dem chronische Kopfschmerzen bereits nach einer Sitzung durch Akupunktur nach Leitbahnen und Wandlungsphasen verschwanden.
Ganz schön stachelig!
Authors: Stern Cornelia
Published: September 2023

Einige Pflanzen haben stechende, brennende oder haftende Teile ausgebildet, die vorwiegend ihrem eigenen Schutz dienen oder bei ihrer Verbreitung hilfreich sind. Diese Teile sind auffällige und sogar spürbare Zeichen, mit denen die Pflanzen zu uns „sprechen“ und die in der Signaturenlehre eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Ob sie etwa venusische, marsianische oder ein Miteinander beider Aspekte zeigen – die Signaturen der ausgewählten Beispiele zeigen Möglichkeiten auf, wie man die Pflanzen heilsam einsetzen kann.
Den Nerv getroffen
Authors: Rathay Uwe
Published: September 2023

Für Heilpraktiker gehört die Neuraltherapie – auch nach Einführung der Verschreibungspflicht für Procain und Lidocain 2006 – mit den nun zulässigen Konzentrationen bis 2 % (intrakutan) sowie mit procain- und lidocainfreien Mischinjektionen zu den wichtigsten Störfeldtherapien. Das Prinzip besteht im Identifizieren und Anspritzen eines Störfeldes, des zugehörigen Segmentes oder der zuständigen vegetativen Ganglien, um die ursächliche sympathikotone Reizung auszuschalten und damit wieder eine normale Regulation herzustellen. In den 2 vorgestellten Fällen klingen verletzungsbedingte Knieschmerzen sowie Magenbeschwerden nach wenigen Injektionen ab.
Vergebung – (k)ein Thema für die Psychotherapie?
Authors: Textor Reinhard
Published: September 2023

Vertrauen ist die Grundlage jeder Gemeinschaft. Jeder Bruch dieses Vertrauens stellt eine Verletzung dar. Der Weg zur Heilung ist kein leichter und setzt voraus, dass sich die Partner auf einen Klärungsprozess einlassen können und wollen. Nur wenn der Therapeut unparteiisch ist und für beide Partner das gleiche Verständnis und Mitgefühl aufbringt, gelingt die psychotherapeutische Begleitung dieses Prozesses. Ziel ist es, sowohl Täter als auch Opfer von der gedanklichen und emotionalen Bindung an die Vergangenheit zu befreien. Wie das geschilderte Praxisbeispiel zeigt, kann der Weg der Vergebung – ein Konzept, das Friedensnobelpreisträger Desmond Tutu vorgestellt hat – in der Paartherapie hilfreich sein: Wenn die Verletzung benannt wird, wenn Schuld und Scham überwunden werden, kann durch Vergebung wieder Vertrauen erwachsen.
Auswirkungen eines hohen Geburtsgewichts auf die Entwicklung von
Kindern im Vorschulalter
Authors: Berge Valerie , Thyen Ute
Published: September 2023

Hintergrund Ein hohes Geburtsgewicht über 4000 g kann zu
Risiken in der Entwicklung betroffener Kinder führen. Der Zusammenhang
ist weniger untersucht als die Auswirkungen eines sehr niedrigen
Geburtsgewichtes und ist Gegenstand dieser Studie.

Methoden Das retrospektive Studiendesign verwendet Daten aus den
Schuleingangsuntersuchungen in Schleswig-Holstein (Deutschland), die
2014–2017 erhoben wurden und 88858 Kinder im Alter von 5–6
Jahren einschlossen. Untersucht wurden die Endpunkte Sprache, Motorik, Kognition
und Verhalten, die Inanspruchnahme von Fördermaßnahmen sowie die
Empfehlung für schulischen Förderbedarf. Logistische
Regressionsmodelle wurden verwendet, um den Zusammenhang zwischen dem
Geburtsgewicht und den Zielgrößen unter Berücksichtigung
soziodemographischer Einflussfaktoren zu schätzen.

Ergebnisse Unter Berücksichtigung soziodemographischer Faktoren
ist ein hohes Geburtsgewicht nicht mit einer beeinträchtigten kindlichen
Entwicklung assoziiert, wohingegen sich ein niedriges Geburtsgewicht als
signifikanter Prädiktor erweist. Über alle Geburtsgewichte
gesehen erklären soziodemographische Faktoren den
größten Anteil der Varianz in den multivariaten Modellen zum
Einfluss des Geburtsgewichtes auf die kindliche Entwicklung.

Schlussfolgerungen Ein sehr hohes Geburtsgewicht rechtfertigt eine
allgemeine Empfehlung für Fördermaßnahmen nicht. Daher
sollten die individuellen Entwicklungsverläufe beobachtet werden. Das
Aufwachsen in benachteiligten Lebensumständen kann ein bedeutsames
Risiko darstellen und sollte Anlass für eine frühe
Förderung sein.
Exploring the Catalytic Efficiency of Copper-Doped Magnetic Carbon Aerogel for the Coupling Reaction of Isatin Oxime with Phenylboronic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Mishra Vivek , Mudgal Deeksha , Singh Ravi Pratap , Yadav Nisha , Bharti Tapeesh
Published: September 2023

A highly efficient catalyst, Cu-doped poly(N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide, acrylic acid, N-vinyl imidazole) (PDAI) magnetic carbon aerogel (CPIMCA), was successfully employed for the synthesis of isatin nitrone derivatives. The 3D porous CPIMCA catalyst demonstrated outstanding performance through the application of a coupling reaction between isatin oxime and phenylboronic acid derivatives, providing up to 98% yield of the required nitrone derivatives. Remarkably, the incorporation of copper within the polymeric structure of the magnetic carbon aerogel exhibited a significant influence on catalytic activity, even at a low overall copper content of approximately 2%. This was confirmed through EDX elemental mapping analysis, further establishing the competence of the catalyst for catalytic reactions. Comparative studies revealed that CPIMCA outperformed Cu(Oac)2 catalyst, providing a notable 10–15% increase in product yield. This superior performance can be attributed to the unique synergistic effect of copper, iron, and carbon aerogel as the polymeric matrix, highlighting the exceptional capabilities of CPIMCA as a catalyst.
Anatomical Justification of Extradural Resection of the Anterior Clinoid Process
Authors: Sufianov Albert A. , Iakimov Iurii A. , Garifullina Nargiza A. , Sufianov Rinat A. , Kovalenko Roman V. , Kosimzoda Idrisdzhoni A.
Published: September 2023

Objective The study aimed to provide neuroanatomical justification of the extradural resection of the anterior clinoid process (ACP).

Material and Method Using a cross-sectional study design, 47 cranial computed tomography (CT) scans were examined. There were 31 (65.96%) females aged 28 to 79 years. The measured dimensions were ACP length and width, and optic strut (OS) width. Index (iacp) was measured as the ratio of ACP width to ACP length. The ACP volume and working operating field (WOF) volume were measured using Syngo.via Siemens program. The percentage expansion of WOF after removal of the ACP was estimated on 5 fixed human cadaver heads with the exoscope VITOM 3D. The possibilities of the combined approach were demonstrated in a clinical case.

Results The mean ACP lengths were 11.31 ± 2.76 and 11.54 ± 2.86 mm, on the right and left, respectively. The mean ACP widths were 7.70 ± 1.66 and 7.64 ± 1.67 mm, on the right and left, respectively. Average iacp was 0.67 (minimum 0.45; maximum 0.90). The width of the OS varied in the range from 1.37 to 4.75 mm. The average volume of right ACP was 0.71 ± 0.16 cm3, right WOF was 3.26 ± 0.74 cm3, left ACP was 0.71 ± 0.15 cm3, left and WOF was 3.20 ± 0.76 cm3. Removal of the right ACP expanded the right WOF by 22.21 ± 3.88%, and left ACP by 22.78 ± 5.50%. There was an approximately 25% increase in the WOF from the cadaveric dissections. Taking into account the variability of the ACP and OS, we proposed our own surgical classification of complicated (iacp ≥ 0.67; medium OS 2.5 mm ≤ 4.0 mm; wide OS ≥ 4.0 mm; ACP with pneumatization) and uncomplicated ACP (iacp 0.45 ≤ 0.67 mm; iacp ≤ 0.45; narrow OS ≤ 2.5 mm; ACP without pneumatization). Using this classification, we developed an algorithm for ACP dissection and removal. This was piloted in a clinical case of microsurgical clipping of a left internal carotid artery-posterior communicating artery aneurysm via the left minipterional approach.

Conclusion Extradural removal of ACP expands the WOF by approximately 25%, it helps neurosurgeons to improve proximal vascular control and avoid complications, and expands the range of indications for neurosurgical interventions in the skull base area.
Research on the Effects of Neuroglobin on Ferroptosis in the Nerve Cells
Authors: Gao Wenjin , Mo Chen , Feng Wei , Pan Xinmin , Qin Haojie
Published: September 2023

Objectives The objective of this article was to explore the effects of neuroglobin (NGB) on ferroptosis in the nerve cells.

Methods The NGB knockdown model of HT22 cells was constructed, and the ferroptosis-related indexes of cell proliferation activity, contents of iron ion, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide and reactive oxygen, and the changes of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression were examined in the normal group, erastin group, NGB siRNA group, and NGB siRNA + Erastin group, respectively.

Results Compared with the normal group, cell proliferation activity and Nrf2 expression were significantly lower in the erastin group, NGB siRNA group, and NGB siRNA + erastin group, and ferroptosis-related indexes such as iron ion content, MDA content, superoxide content, and reactive oxygen species content were significantly reduced, and the difference between NGB siRNA + erastin group, erastin group, and NGB siRNA group was statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion Knockdown of NGB in cells enhances the action of the ferroptosis inducer erastin, and NGB may regulate the cellular ferroptosis process through Nrf2. This research may provide references for the clinical treatment of nervous system disease with Chinese medicine.
Understanding the Gap Between Nursing Workforce in the United States and Population Needs—A Policy Brief
Authors: Al Mohajer Mayar
Published: September 2023

Purpose This report is intended to analyze the root causes for the current gap between the nursing workforce and population needs in the United States. It aims to consolidate what is known about these contributing reasons and provide evidence-based recommendations for action.

Methods The report utilized the Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type framework to develop the research question and the 5 Whys methodology for the root cause analysis.

Results This report highlighted six major causative problems, including workforce market mismatch, poor financing design, inadequate governance, flawed technologies, insufficient research, and suboptimal service delivery. A detailed evaluation of root causes with supported evidence is presented.

Conclusion The report provided seven actionable recommendations based on the analysis: (1) strengthening the nursing role in advancing equity, (2) investing in nursing well-being, (3) changing policies and payment structure, (4) including nursing in technology design, (5) strengthening nursing education, (6) developing a robust public health emergencies preparedness plan, and (7) investing in relevant research.
The Effect of Chemotherapeutic Agents on Survival in Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer with KRAS Mutation
Authors: Duygulu Mustafa Emre , Yildirim Atila , Ayas Eyyup , Alyildiz Nese , Mungan Sevdegul Aydin , Fidan Evren
Published: September 2023

Introduction KRAS mutation is observed in up to 30% of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases and is corelated with a poor prognosis. In the cases with KRAS p.G12C mutation and first-line chemotherapy (± immunotherapy) resistance, a targeted drug option is available.

Objectives Our study aimed to examine the correlation between first-line chemotherapy agents and treatment response in patients with KRAS-mutated metastatic NSCLC.

Materials and Methods Retrospective database searches were performed on cases diagnosed with metastatic NSCLC at our center between January 2019 and December 2021 that were found to be KRAS mutation positive using the next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach. The cases were classified into five subgroups based on the chemotherapy regimens (platinum + gemcitabine, platinum + taxane, platinum + pemetrexed, platinum + vinorelbine, and others). The clinical and demographic data of 41 cases were analyzed retrospectively, and survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results Thirty-seven of 41 patients (90.2%) were males, and 27 (65.9%) had adenocarcinoma histology. The most prevalent mutation was KRAS G12C, with 12 cases (29.2%), followed by KRAS G12V, with 9 cases (21.9%). Other mutations were as follows: KRAS G12D 4 (9%), KRAS G13C 3 (7.3%), KRAS G12A 2 (4.8%), KRAS G12R 2 (4.8%), KRAS Q61H 2 (4.8%), KRAS Q61L 2 (4.8%), KRAS V14I 2 (4.8%), KRAS A146T 1 (2.4%), KRAS G13G 1 (2.4%), and KRAS G1C 1 (2.4%). The median progression-free survival (mPFS) for all groups was 4.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.7-6.5), and there were no statistically significant differences between the groups (p = 0.121). The median overall survival (mOS) for all groups was 9.3 months (95% CI: 3.8–14.5), and there were no statistically significant differences between the groups (p = 0.805).

Conclusions OS and PFS analyses showed no differences between platinum + taxane, platin + pemetrexed, platinum + gemcitabine, and platin + vinorelbine used in first-line treatments for KRAS mutant NSCLC cases. We believe that patient-specific characteristics may be a determining factor in selecting chemotherapy for this patient population.
The challenges in developing implantable biosensors
Authors: Palivela Ananya
Published: September 2023

Advanced implantable sensors offer preemptive disease-fighting capabilities, if they can overcome challenges around engineering, regulation, patients, and clinicians.
Harnessing the power of floating photovoltaic: A global review
Authors: Xiong Lichao , Le Conghuan , Zhang Puyang , Ding Hongyan , Li Jingyi
Published: September 2023

As the global demand for energy continues to increase, floating photovoltaic (FPV) power is gaining more attention as a promising clean energy source. This paper summarizes the unique advantages of FPV, such as its freedom from land restrictions, higher energy output, and potential integration with other forms of energy. However, FPV also faces challenges due to complex and harsh environmental conditions such as wind, waves, corrosion, and biological fouling. Therefore, the integrated mechanism design and the use of lightweight hydrophobic materials are crucial for ensuring the safety and stability of FPV systems under such conditions. This article also highlights certain key design points and optimization techniques that can improve the structural reliability of FPV systems. With continuous technological advancements and the accumulation of experience, the production efficiency of FPV has improved, leading to the expansion of FPV projects and a reduction in investment costs. As a result, the development of FPV has been accelerating globally, with numerous high-capacity projects being constructed. Building upon the previous literature reviews, this paper provides a concise review of the latest FPV case studies, innovative technologies, challenges in marine environments, economic costs, and market prospects from various perspectives. The primary objective is to encourage further research and application in the field of FPV.
Reliability enhancement of InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum-well lasers on on-axis Si (001) substrate
Authors: Jiang Chen , Liu Hao , Liu Zhuoliang , Ren Xiaomin , Ma Bojie , Wang Jun , Li Jian , Liu Shuaicheng , Lin Jiacheng , Liu Kai , Wei Xin , Wang Qi
Published: September 2023

The enhancement of the reliability of the silicon-based III–V quantum well lasers, especially of those on an on-axis Si (001) substrate, is of great importance now a days for the development of Si-based photonic and even optoelectronic integrated circuits and is really quite challenging. As an experimental advancement, mainly by inserting a pair of InAlAs strained layers separately into the upper and lower AlGaAs cladding layers to effectively prevent the formation of the in-plane gliding misfit-dislocations within the boundary planes of the active region, the longest room-temperature and continuous-wave lifetime of the InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum well lasers on an on-axis Si (001) substrate with a cavity length of 1500 µm and a ridge width of 20 µm has been prolonged from a very initial record of ∼90 s to the present length longer than 31 min. While, the highest continuous-wave operation temperature of another one with a cavity length of 1000 µm and a ridge width of 10 µm has been shown as 103 °C with an extracted characteristic temperature of 152.7 K, further enhancement of the device reliability is still expected and would mainly depend on the level of the threading-dislocation-density reduction in the GaAs/Si virtual substrate.
Surface barrier effect as evidence of chiral soliton lattice formation in chiral dichalcogenide CrTa3S6 crystals
Authors: Mizutani K. , Jiang J. , Monden K. , Shimamoto Y. , Kousaka Y. , Togawa Y.
Published: September 2023

The formation of chiral magnetic soliton lattice (CSL) is investigated in monoaxial chiral dichalcogenide CrTa3S6 crystals in terms of a surface barrier, which prevents the penetration of chiral solitons into the system and is an intrinsic origin of hysteresis for the continuous phase transition of nucleation-type, as discussed in the system of quantized vortices in type-II superconductors. The magnetoresistance (MR) was examined with microfabricated platelet samples in different dimensions with regard to the c-axis direction of the crystal. The CSL formation was confirmed by the discrete MR changes, reflecting the number of chiral solitons, as well as by the presence of a surface barrier, recognized as a fixed ratio of critical magnetic fields during the hysteresis field cycle. We also argue the influence of the surface barrier in bulk CrTa3S6 crystals.
Momentum work and the energetic foundations of physics. IV. The essence of heat, entropy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy
Authors: Kalies Grit , Do Duong D.
Published: September 2023

Momentum work enables a complete shift from kinematics to dynamics. This involves changes in the very fundamentals of physics, not only in mechanics, statistical mechanics, and special relativity, as shown in Papers I–III [G. Kalies and D. D. Do, AIP Adv. 13(6), 065121 (2023); G. Kalies, D. D. Do, and S. Arnrich, AIP Adv. 13(5), 055317 (2023); and G. Kalies and D. D. Do, AIP Adv. (in press) (2023)] of this series, but also in thermodynamics. In this paper, we challenge the narrative that classical phenomenological thermodynamics is completed and show that it represents an efficient interim solution that hides essential information. The essence of heat transfer and entropy is revealed, and an answer is given to the question of why entropy had to remain abstract and elusive in the past. Furthermore, we uncover the specific forms of energy behind thermodynamic state variables, such as enthalpy, Helmholtz free energy, and Gibbs free energy, which play a central role in describing chemical reactions and phase transitions. We thereby lay the foundation for thermodynamics to evolve from a framework theory valid for macroscopic systems to vivid quantum-process thermodynamics.
Organic-inorganic halide perovskites for memristors
Authors: Qammar Memoona , Zou Bosen , Halpert Jonathan E.
Published: September 2023

Organic-inorganic halides perovskites (OHPs) have drawn the attention of many researchers owing to their astonishing and unique optoelectronic properties. They have been extensively used for photovoltaic applications, achieving higher than 26% power conversion efficiency to date. These materials have potential to be deployed for many other applications beyond photovoltaics like photodetectors, sensors, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and resistors. To address the looming challenge of Moore's law and the Von Neumann bottleneck, many new technologies regarding the computation of architectures and storage of information are being extensively researched. Since the discovery of the memristor as a fourth component of the circuit, many materials are explored for memristive applications. Lately, researchers have advanced the exploration of OHPs for memristive applications. These materials possess promising memristive properties and various kinds of halide perovskites have been used for different applications that are not only limited to data storage but expand towards artificial synapses, and neuromorphic computing. Herein we summarize the recent advancements of OHPs for memristive applications, their unique electronic properties, fabrication of materials, and current progress in this field with some future perspectives and outlooks.
A landscape of β-Ga2O3 Schottky power diodes
Authors: Wong Man Hoi
Published: September 2023

β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes have undergone rapid progress in research and development for power electronic applications. This paper reviews state-of-the-art β-Ga2O3 rectifier technologies, including advanced diode architectures that have enabled lower reverse leakage current via the reduced-surface-field effect. Characteristic device properties including on-resistance, breakdown voltage, rectification ratio, dynamic switching, and nonideal effects are summarized for the different devices. Notable results on the high-temperature resilience of β-Ga2O3 Schottky diodes, together with the enabling thermal packaging solutions, are also presented.
Fluorination-mitigated high-current degradation of amorphous InGaZnO thin-film transistors
Authors: Wang Yanxin , Li Jiye , Liu Fayang , Luo Dongxiang , Wang Yunping , Zhang Shengdong , Lu Lei
Published: September 2023

As growing applications demand higher driving currents of oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors (TFTs), severe instabilities and even hard breakdown under high-current stress (HCS) become critical challenges. In this work, the triggering voltage of HCS-induced self-heating (SH) degradation is defined in the output characteristics of amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) TFTs, and used to quantitatively evaluate the thermal generation process of channel donor defects. The fluorinated a-IGZO (a-IGZO:F) was adopted to effectively retard the triggering of the self-heating (SH) effect, and was supposed to originate from the less population of initial deep-state defects and a slower rate of thermal defect transition in a-IGZO:F. The proposed scheme noticeably enhances the high-current applications of oxide TFTs.
Acute Toxicity of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Kaempferia galanga L. Rhizome
Authors: Siska S , Bariroh T , Supandi S
Published: September 2023

The Kaempferia galanga L. (KG) rhizome has a long history of being used as a variety of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, sedative, antibacterial, and anti-cancer compounds. The KG rhizomes have the potential to be an effective complementary medicine, but their use must be completely safe. This study examines the acute toxicity of the ethyl acetate fraction of KG (EAFKG) with parameters of blood chemistry value, and liver and kidney histological morphology. 40 DDY strain mice, consisting of males and females with weights ranging from 20-35 g, were used in this study. The mice are divided into four groups for each sex. Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 received the EAFKG at a dose of 0.128; 0.64; 3.2; and 16 g/Kg BW, respectively, and were administered orally. Observations are carried out for 24 hours. The levels of serum creatinine, AST, and ALT were detected with a clinical spectrophotometer. According to the test results, both male and female mouse groups had no fatalities. The EAFKG rhizome is practically non-toxic (LD50 > 15 g/Kg BW). There is no significant difference in AST, ALT, and serum creatinine levels at any dose group than the control group. EAFKG administration affects liver and kidney cells at high doses but does not cause lethality.
Ultrasonic Flow Meters and Microcontrollers for Precise Water Management with 6.45% Error Margin
Authors: Jamaaluddin  , Akbar A , Khoiri
Published: September 2023

Water management is crucial for human life, and precise measurement instruments are necessary to ensure efficient utilization. This study aimed to develop a water usage management system using ultrasonic flow meters and microcontrollers. The measurement results were displayed on a screen and sent via modbus to remote devices. To validate the accuracy of the system, a comparison between ultrasonic and manual flow meters was conducted, showing an error value of 6.45%. The implication of this study is the potential use of this system for water consumption control and transmission over long distances, contributing to sustainable water management.
Eco Enzyme (EE) as a Novel Approach for Bone Mineral Dissolution: Implications for Organic Fertilizer Production
Authors: Ratih Y W , Widodo R A , Peniwiratri L
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the potential of Eco Enzyme (EE) in dissolving bone minerals (Ca, P, and N) and its implications for organic fertilizer production. EE was produced through a three-month incubation of water, molasses, and organic waste in a 10:1:3 ratio in an airtight container. The characterization of EE involved the analysis of pH, acid and sugar concentration, protease activity, and the enumeration of non-selective bacteria, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and yeast. Results indicated a higher population of LAB compared to non-selective bacteria and yeast, with final counts of log 7.31 CFU/mL, log 6.88 CFU/mL, and log 6.68 CFU/mL respectively. The pH of EE decreased from 5.7 to 3.45, while acid concentration increased from 0.1% to 2.15%, predominantly lactic acid. Fructose was the most prevalent sugar, decreasing from 4% to 0.9% during fermentation. Protease activity was measured at 15.41 U.mL-1. The study confirmed EE’s capability to dissolve bone minerals, suggesting its potential as a mineral-rich liquid organic fertilizer. This novel approach could provide a sustainable solution for organic waste management and contribute to the global efforts towards sustainable agriculture.
Bio-failure or Bio-fuel? Economic Feasibility of Converting Palm Oil Waste to Biogas
Authors: I Prihatiningtyas D. S. , Heryadi E , Arimbi G , Hermanto
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to investigate the economic feasibility of using an Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor to convert liquid waste from palm oil processing plants into biogas containing methane. The study examined total capital investment (TCI), working capital investment (WCI), and production costs at different capacities (3, 30, and 300 liters per day) to determine if the process could generate a profit. The results showed that the biogas production from palm oil industrial liquid waste using the UASB reactor did not result in a profit due to the large capital costs and low biogas production. The implication of this study is that further research is needed to find ways to reduce the capital costs of the process and increase biogas production to make it economically feasible.
Optimization of FSW parameters on bio-inspired jigsaw suture patterns to improve the tensile strength of dissimilar thermoplastics
Authors: M Raguramsingh , M Suresh , S Arivazhagan , T Ganapathy
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to enhance the Tensile Strength (TSFSW) of dissimilar thermoplastic joints by utilizing a bio-inspired jig saw suture and optimizing the Friction Stir Welding (FSW) limits are Traverse Speed (TS) and Plunge Depth (PD) and Rotational Speed (RS) at three varied levels. Statistical analysis, response surface methodology (RSM), and experimental validation were involved in achieving the research objectives. The outcomes showed that the TS and PD parameters had a higher significance on Tensile Strength compared to RS. The RSM prediction results were validated through experiments, achieving an extreme Tensile Strength of 11.1 MPa with a low error percentage. The best values of the FSW limits were found to be Rotational Speed (RS) of 1200 rpm, Plunge Depth (PD) of 0.37 mm, and Traverse Speed (TS) of 49.39 mm min−1. The formulated mathematical model with regression co-efficient R2 of 0.96 and RSM proved effective in predicting the optimal FSW parameters and achieving superior TSFSW. These findings prove that combination design can be reliably applied to optimise with a 95% confidence interval. The optical microscope and SEM morphological results in this study make congruently accurate predictions for the joint of the tensile fracture zone. These findings contribute to the advanced FSW techniques for dissimilar thermoplastic joints, providing insights for industrial applications requiring strong and reliable joints.
Gravitational-wave background revealed
Authors: Cooper Keith
Published: September 2023

Results from pulsar timing arrays worldwide show gravitational waves are constantly washing over the Earth, as Keith Cooper reports.
IceCube detects high-energy neutrinos from within the Milky Way
Authors: Cooper Keith
Published: September 2023

High-energy neutrinos from the Milky Way galaxy have been spotted for the first time, according to findings from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station.
Wearable scanner measures brain function in people on the move
Authors: Williams Abigail
Published: September 2023

Researchers in the UK have created a wearable brain scanner that can measure brain function while people are standing and walking around.
China powers ahead in particle physics
Authors: Xin Ling
Published: September 2023

Researchers in China want to build a $640m Super Tau-Charm Factory to test the Standard Model of particle physics and put the country at the forefront of precision studies. Ling Xin reports.
Survey finds third of Chinese scientists in the US feel unwelcome
Authors: Gwynne Peter
Published: September 2023

A new study has found that feelings of “fear and anxiety” have led many academic scientists of Chinese heritage to consider leaving the US since the launch in 2018 of the “China Initiative”, and has also stopped Chinese scientists from applying for US government grants.
More on Moore
Authors: Durrani Matin
Published: September 2023

A strong semiconductor industry is vital for national economies.
The price of Moore’s law
Authors: McKenzie James
Published: September 2023

Gordon Moore, the co-founder of Intel who died earlier this year, is famous for forecasting a continuous rise in the density of transistors that we can pack onto semiconductor chips. James McKenzie looks at how “Moore’s law” is still going strong after almost six decades, but warns that further progress is becoming harder and ever more expensive to sustain.
Passion, resilience and strength
Authors: Tohill Clár-Bríd
Published: September 2023

Clár-Bríd Tohill reviews Starstruck by Sarafina El-Badry Nance.
Ask me anything: Lilly Liu
Authors: Durrani Matin
Published: September 2023

Lilly Liu is an associate professor at the University of Bristol, UK, where she has built up an experimental research group studying the mechanics of advanced materials, including those used in particle accelerators, nuclear reactors, aerospace engines and other extreme conditions.
Shreddinger’s equation
Authors: Moriarty Philip
Published: September 2023

Philip Moriarty explains what happens when the brawn of heavy metal meets the brains of quantum physics in the new song “Shut Up and Calculate”.
Dynamically improper hypersurfaces for endomorphisms of projective space
Authors: Olechnowicz Matt
Published: September 2023

We introduce a new generalization of the notion of preperiodic hypersurface and explore some of its basic ramifications. We also prove that among nonlinear endomorphisms of projective space, those with a periodic critical point are Zariski dense. This answers a question of Ingram.
An overview of secretion in floral bracts of Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae), with emphasis on the secretory scales
Authors: Ballego-Campos Igor , Forzza Rafaela C , Paiva Élder A S
Published: September 2023

Bromeliaceae display many water-use strategies, from leaf impounding tanks to Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis and absorbing trichomes. Recent studies show that trichomes in inflorescences of bromeliads can exude viscous secretions, protecting against various stresses, including excessive water loss. In light of this, and considering the knowledge gap regarding inflorescence trichomes in bromeliads, we aimed to investigate the presence, source and chemical nature of inflorescence secretions in species of the Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae) and to describe the anatomy of their floral bracts focusing on trichome structure and position. We conducted a prospection of secretory activity and anatomy in floral bracts in 52 species of Tillandsioideae and 1 early divergent Bromeliaceae species. We used histochemical tests to investigate the presence and nature of secretion combined with standard light microscopy methods. Secretion appears in all studied species of tribe Vrieseeae, in Guzmania species, Wallisia cyanea, Tillandsia streptopylla (Tillandsieae) and Catopsis morreniana (Catopsideae). It is absent in Vriesea guttata (Vrieseeae), Racinaea crispa and various Tillandsia species (Tillandsieae). Secretion is produced by peltate trichomes on the adaxial surface of young bracts and comprises hydrophilic and lipophilic substances. Bract anatomy revealed an internal mucilage-secreting tissue with wide distribution within the subtribe Vrieseinae. Our results point to a broad occurrence of secretion associated with bracteal scales in inflorescences of Tillandsioideae. Secretory function is strongly related to trichomes of the adaxial surface, whereas the indumentum of the abaxial side is lacking or likely associated with water absorption; the latter case is especially related to small, xeric plants. Exudates might engage in colleter-like roles, protecting against desiccation, high-radiation and herbivores. Directions for future research are presented.
De novo design of anti-variant COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Goswami Arpita , Kumar Madan , Ullah Samee , Gore Milind M
Published: September 2023

Recent studies highlight the effectiveness of hybrid Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines combining wild-type nucleocapsid and Spike proteins. We have further enhanced this strategy by incorporating delta and omicron variants’ spike protein mutations. Both delta and omicron mark the shifts in viral transmissibility and severity in unvaccinated and vaccinated patients. So their mutations are highly crucial for future viral variants also. Omicron is particularly adept at immune evasion by mutating spike epitopes. The rapid adaptations of Omicron and sub-variants to spike-based vaccines and simultaneous transmissibility underline the urgency for new vaccines in the continuous battle against SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, we have added three persistent T-cell-stimulating nucleocapsid peptides similar to homologous sequences from seasonal Human Coronaviruses (HuCoV) and an envelope peptide that elicits a strong T-cell immune response. These peptides are clustered in the hybrid spike’s cytoplasmic region with non-immunogenic linkers, enabling systematic arrangement. AlphaFold (Artificial intelligence-based model building) analysis suggests omitting the transmembrane domain enhances these cytoplasmic epitopes’ folding efficiency which can ensure persistent immunity for CD4+ structural epitopes. Further molecular dynamics simulations validate the compact conformation of the modeled structures and a flexible C-terminus region. Overall, the structures show stability and less conformational fluctuation throughout the simulation. Also, the AlphaFold predicted structural epitopes maintained their folds during simulation to ensure the specificity of CD4+ T-cell response after vaccination. Our proposed approach may provide options for incorporating diverse anti-viral T-cell peptides, similar to HuCoV, into linker regions. This versatility can be promising to address outbreaks and challenges posed by various viruses for effective management in this era of innovative vaccines.