bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laccobius leopardus sp. nov. from the Western Cape of South Africa (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)
Authors: BILTON DAVID T. , GENTILI ELIO
Published: July 2014

With 257 species known worldwide (Hansen, 1999; Short & Hebauer, 2006; Short & Fikáček, 2011; Gentili, 2012; Jia et al., 2013a; Jia et al, 2013b; Gentili, 2014), Laccobius Erichson is one of the most diverse genera of Hydrophilidae, most species having a relatively uniform convex, rounded appearance. To date only 26 species are known from sub-Saharan Africa (Gentili, 1981; Hebauer, 2006), 11 of which have been reported from southern Africa (Staals & DeMoor, 2007), five being endemic to the region. Southern African species to date all belong to the subgenera Microlaccobius Gentili and Hydroxenus Wollaston. Here we describe a new species of Hydroxenus from the Western Cape province of South Africa. The new species is morphologically closest to Laccobius caffer Boheman, a species widely distributed from western and central Africa to South Africa and Namibia, but the two can be distinguished readily on both external morphology and male genitalia. The new species was collected in marginal gravels of a drying river bed, a typical habitat for many Laccobius, and one which would repay further study in other parts of southern Africa, whose water beetle fauna remains incompletely known.
A new deep-water species of Odontozona (Decapoda: Stenopodidea: Stenopodidae) from the East Pacific, and new record of O. foresti Hendrickx, 2002
Authors: HENDRICKX MICHEL E. , AYÓN-PARENTE MANUEL
Published: July 2014

A new species of the stenopodid shrimp Odontozona is described from deep-water off the west coast of Mexico. It is distinguished from the three other species of the genus known in the area, from O. rubra Wicksten, 1982, and O. foresti Hendrickx, 2002, by the absence of a series of spines on the posterior half of the carapace, behind the post-cervical groove, and from O. spongicola (Alcock & Anderson, 1899) by the presence of spines on the ventral margin of somites 1–5 (smooth in O. spongicola) and by the much slender third pair of pereiopods in the new species. A new record is provided for O. foresti, and the first male specimen, the third specimen on record, is compared with the female holotype.
Redefinition of the genus Argonychiurus Bagnall, 1949 (Collembola, Onychiuridae) with description of a new species from Georgia
Authors: DJANASHVILI REVAZ , BARJADZE SHALVA , JORDANA RAFAEL , BURKHARDT ULRICH
Published: July 2014

The genus Argonychiurus was established by Bagnall (1949) based on the type species Onychiurus perforatus Handschin, 1920. He included Onychiurus bertrandi Denis, 1936 in this newly erected genus, together with O. perforatus.
New species of Gregorioiscala and Opalia (Caenogastropoda: Epitoniidae) in the Western Atlantic: a case of republication
Authors: LIMA SILVIO FELIPE BARBOSA , CHRISTOFFERSEN MARTIN LINDSEY
Published: July 2014

In 2012, a report on ten gastropods of the family EPITONIIDAE Berry, 1910 collected from the deep sea off northeastern Brazil (2000-2001) was published in the International Journal of Zoology (IJZ). Two species were described as new to science (Lima et al. 2012). In August 2013, Dr. Philippe Bouchet (Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris) brought to our attention the non-compliance of the IJZ—which is published exclusively as an online journal—with the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Under the revised Article 8, the Code now allows electronic publication of new taxa published after 2011 under certain conditions: (1) the work has to be registered in ZooBank before it is published, and the work itself must contain evidence that registration has occurred; (2) the ZooBank registration must also state the name of an electronic archive intended to preserve the work and the ISSN or ISBN associated with the work (ICZN 2012). Neither of these requirements are met by the IJZ, and the previous descriptions of Gregorioiscala pimentai and Opalia revizee are thus unavailable under the Code. These epitoniids were dredged from the bathyal region off the state of Alagoas and are described herein based on conchological features. There are no similar congeners along the Brazilian coast.
Walker’s Eleodes (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: THOMAS DONALD B. , SMITH AARON D. , TRIPLEHORN CHARLES A. , AALBU ROLF A.
Published: July 2014

The type specimens of five species of Eleodes described by Francis Walker from British Columbia, Canada, were studied in order to establish their true identity. The synonymy of Eleodes convexicollis Walker and E. conjunctus Walker with E. obscurus (Say); that of Eleodes latiusculus Walker with E. humeralis LeConte;  and that of Eleodes binotatus Walker with  Eleodes hispilabris (Say) is confirmed. Eleodes subtuberculatus Walker = Eleodes parvulus Blaisdell, new synonymy, and not a synonym of E. granulatus LeConte. Only in the latter case is a Walker name senior to the name currently in use.
Comparison of the Effect of Parameterized Eddy Fluxes of Thickness and Potential Vorticity
Authors: Ivchenko V. O. , Danilov S. , Schröter J.
Published: July 2014

Parameterization of mesoscale eddies is an important problem of modern ocean dynamics and modeling. The most widely used scheme is the so-called Gent–McWilliams parameterization, which describes the eddy-induced transport of tracers, including temperature, density, and isopycnal thickness (TH). An alternative scheme, proposed by Green and Welander, deals with parameterizing eddy fluxes of potential vorticity (PV). Many recent studies propose using it, for it includes the effect of eddy Reynolds stresses that may influence mean flows. These two schemes are compared in the simplest configuration of two-layer quasigeostrophic channel flow, which enables analytical solutions for zonal-mean fields. It is shown how the parameterizations shape the zonally averaged zonal velocity profiles, with special attention paid to the role of the Reynolds stresses and momentum conservation. The zonally averaged zonal velocity profiles are sensitive to the amplitude and profiles of TH and PV diffusivities. For small enough diffusivities the TH parameterization may lead to solutions resembling those for the PV parameterization if it uses the diffusivity of the latter; that is, it may mimic the impact of the Reynolds stresses on the mean flow.
Probabilistic Verification of Global and Mesoscale Ensemble Forecasts of Tropical Cyclogenesis
Authors: Majumdar Sharanya J. , Torn Ryan D.
Published: July 2014

Probabilistic forecasts of tropical cyclogenesis have been evaluated for two samples: a near-homogeneous sample of ECMWF and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model–ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) ensemble forecasts during the National Science Foundation’s (NSF) Pre-Depression Investigation of Cloud-systems in the Tropics (PREDICT) field campaign (15 August–30 September 2010) and ECMWF ensemble forecasts during the 2010–12 Atlantic hurricane seasons. Quantitative criteria for tropical cyclone (TC) formation were first determined from model analyses based on threshold values of lower-tropospheric circulation, local thickness anomaly, and minimum sea level pressure. A binary verification was then performed for all ensemble forecasts with initial-time tropical disturbances. During the PREDICT period, the ECMWF and WRF–EnKF had similar verification statistics, with reliability diagrams of positive slope flatter than unity, and relative operating characteristic (ROC) curves that demonstrate skill. For the 2010–12 ECMWF ensemble forecasts, the equitable threat score was small and positive, with skill mostly lost after 5 days. The reliability diagrams for 1–5-day forecasts were monotonic increasing, though an overly large number of short-range ensemble forecasts predicted a low probability of a TC when a TC was verified. The ROC curves exhibited similar skill for forecasts out to 5 days. The reliability curves were sensitive to parameters such as time tolerance and threshold values, and insensitive to cases that originated from African easterly waves versus those that did not. Qualitative investigations revealed case-to-case variability in the probabilistic predictions. While the sample size was limited, the ensembles showed the potential for probabilistic prediction out to 5 days, though it appeared that the model struggled with developing a warm core in the short-range forecast.
Teaching After Retirement
Authors: Sommer Robert
Published: July 2014

Having enjoyed teaching during my active career, I continued to teach summer school following retirement. Self-observed sensory and cognitive impairments, although not mentioned by students in their evaluations, induced me to consider the pros and cons of continuing to teach. My hope is that this list of benefits and problems will be of assistance to other instructors approaching retirement.
‘Rising’, ‘hopeful’, ‘new’: visualizing Africa in the age of globalization
Authors: Nothias Toussaint
Published: July 2014

This article focuses on covers published in British, French and US American news magazines between 2011 and 2013 as micro-textual cases that can shed light on the evolution of Africa’s media image from Afro-pessimism to Afro-optimism. On the one hand, these depictions blend signifiers of modernity, positivity and ‘Africanness’. On the other hand, these covers are a prime example of a visual style that favours symbolic representation and generic imagery. By combining a detailed analysis of textual material with interviews with media professionals, this article critically examines the ways in which Africa’s difference is summoned and framed within a specific visual style. Although the article finds a significant amount of media self-reflexivity, it argues that this positive and reflexive trend should not be embraced as radically undermining Afro-pessimism. Instead, this way of visualizing Africa mainly contributes to the discursive (re)inscription of Africa’s difference within a dominant discourse of globalized neoliberalism.
Communicating visual identities on ethnic museum websites
Authors: Johnson Melissa A , Carneiro Larissa
Published: July 2014

This article combines qualitative and quantitative content analysis to explore the websites of 43 ethnic museums in the United States. The use of multiple modes of communication to represent ethnic identity and cultural heritage is detailed. Also delineated is how websites present relationships with the ethnic diaspora, the homeland, the museums’ local communities, and the US community.
Fibrin-based clot formation as an early and rapid biomarker for progression of postpartum hemorrhage: a prospective study
Authors: Collins Peter W. , Lilley Graeme , Bruynseels Daniel , Laurent David Burkett-St. , Cannings-John Rebecca , Precious Elizabeth , Hamlyn Vincent , Sanders Julia , Alikhan Raza , Rayment Rachel , Rees Alexandra , Kaye Abigail , Hall Judith E. , Paranjothy Shantini , Weeks Andrew , Collis Rachel E.
Published: July 2014

Key Points

Fibtem is an early and rapidly available biomarker for predicting progression of moderate to severe postpartum hemorrhage. Fibtem was predictive of need for blood transfusion and invasive procedures, bleeds >2500 mL, duration of bleed, and time in high dependency.
Antinociceptive effect of some extracts from Ajuga chamaecistus Ging. ssp. tomentella (Boiss.) Rech. f. aerial parts
Authors: Khanavi Mahnaz , Davoodipoor Araz Mohammad , Sadati Seyede Nargess , Ardekani Mohammad Reza Shams , Sharifzadeh Mohammad
Published: July 2014

Background

The genus Ajuga is used for the treatment of joint pain, gout, and jaundice in traditional Iranian medicine (TIM). Ajuga chamaecistus ssp. tomentella is an exclusive subspecies of Ajuga chamaecistus in the flora of Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate antinociceptive properties of some extracts from aerial parts of A. chamaecistus ssp. tomentella.

Methods

Antinociceptive activities of total water and 80% methanol extracts, hexane, diethyl ether and n-butanolic partition fractions of the methanolic extract were analyzed using the formalin test in mice. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) and normal saline were employed as positive and negative controls, respectively.

Results

Oral administration of all extracts (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) 30 min before formalin injection had no effect against the acute phase (0–5 min after formalin injection) of the formalin-induced licking time, but hexane fraction (200 mg/kg) caused a significant effect (p < 0.001) on the chronic phase (15–60 min after formalin injection). Total water and diethyl ether extracts at a dose of 400 mg/kg showed a very significant analgesic activity on the chronic phase (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively).

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that the extracts of A. chamaecistus ssp. tomentella have an analgesic property that supports traditional use of Ajuga genus for joint pain and other inflammatory diseases.
Differentially charged isoforms of apolipoprotein E from human blood are potential biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Alzate Oscar , Osorio Cristina , DeKroon Robert M , Corcimaru Ana , Gunawardena Harsha P
Published: July 2014

Introduction

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the major cause of dementia among the elderly. Finding blood-based biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis is urgently needed.

Methods

We studied protein distributions in brain tissues, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood of AD patients by using proteomics and a new proteomic method that we call “2D multiplexed Western blot” (2D mxWd). This method allows us to determine in multiple samples the electrophoretic patterns of protein isoforms with different isoelectric points.

Results

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) displays a unique distribution of electrophoretic isoforms in the presence of AD and also a unique pattern specific to the APOE genotype.

Conclusions

The isoelectric distribution of differentially charged ApoE isoforms was used to determine the presence of AD in a small group of samples. Further studies are needed to validate their use as predictors of disease onset and progression, and as biomarkers for determining the efficacy of therapeutic treatments.
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme complex Uev1A-Ubc13 promotes breast cancer metastasis through nuclear factor-кB mediated matrix metalloproteinase-1 gene regulation
Authors: Wu Zhaojia , Shen Siqi , Zhang Zhiling , Zhang Weiwei , Xiao Wei
Published: July 2014

Introduction

UEV1A encodes a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme variant (Ubc13), which is required for Ubc13-catalyzed Lys63-linked polyubiquitination of target proteins and nuclear factor κB (NF-кB) activation. Previous reports have correlated the level of UEV1A expression with tumorigenesis; however, the detailed molecular events leading to tumors particularly breast cancer and metastasis are unclear. This study is to investigate roles of different UEV1 splicing variants, and its close homolog MMS2, in promoting tumorigenesis and metastasis in breast cancer cells.

Methods

We experimentally manipulated the UEV1 and MMS2 levels in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and monitored their effects on cell invasion and migration, as well as tumor formation and metastasis in xenograft mice. The underlying molecular mechanisms leading to metastasis were also examined.

Results

It was found that overexpression of UEV1A alone, but not UEV1C or MMS2, is sufficient to induce cell invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. This process is mediated by NF-κB activation and requires functional Ubc13. Our experimental data establish that among NF-κB target genes, UEV1A-regulated matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) expression plays a critical role in cell invasion and metastasis. Interestingly, experimental depletion of UEV1 in MDA-MB-231 cells reduces MMP1 expression and prevents tumor formation and metastasis in a xenograft mouse model, while overexpression of MMP1 overrides the metastasis effects in UEV1-depleted cells.

Conclusions

These results identify UEV1A as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of metastasic breast cancers.
Assessment of biochemical markers in the early post-burn period for predicting acute kidney injury and mortality in patients with major burn injury: comparison of serum creatinine, serum cystatin-C, plasma and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin
Authors: Yang Hyeong Tae , Yim Haejun , Cho Yong Suk , Kym Dohern , Hur Jun , Kim Jong Hyun , Chun Wook , Kim Hyun Soo
Published: July 2014

Introduction

The reported mortality rates range from 28% to 100% in burn patients who develop acute kidney injury (AKI) and from 50% to 100% among such patients treated with renal replacement therapy. Recently, the serum cystatin C and plasma and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels have been introduced as early biomarkers for AKI; the levels of these biomarkers are known to increase 24 to 48 hours before the serum creatinine levels increase. In this study, we aimed to estimate the diagnostic utility of the cystatin C and plasma and urine NGAL levels in the early post-burn period as biomarkers for predicting AKI and mortality in patients with major burn injuries.

Methods

From May 2011 to July 2012, 90 consecutive patients with a burn wound area comprising ≥ 20% of the total body surface area (TBSA) were enrolled in this study. Whole blood and urine samples were obtained for measuring the serum creatinine, serum cystatin C, and urine and plasma NGAL levels at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after admission. Receiver operating characteristic curve, area under the curve, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the predictive values of these biomarkers for AKI and mortality.

Results

In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, all variables, including age, percentage TBSA burned, sex, inhalation injury, and serum creatinine levels, serum cystatin C levels, and plasma and urine NGAL levels were independently associated with AKI development. Moreover, age, sex, percentage TBSA burned, and plasma and urine NGAL levels were independently associated with mortality. However, inhalation injury and the serum creatinine and cystatin C levels were not independently associated with mortality.

Conclusions

Massively burned patients who maintained high plasma and urine NGAL levels until 12 hours after admission were at the risk of developing early AKI and early mortality with burn shock. However, the plasma and urine NGAL levels in the early post-burn period failed to predict late AKI and non-burn shock mortality in this study. Nevertheless, the plasma and urine NGAL levels were independently associated with AKI development and mortality within 48 hours after admission.
Prevalence of voice & swallowing complaints in Pre-operative thyroidectomy patients: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Holler Theresa , Anderson Jennifer
Published: July 2014

Background

Compressive symptoms are common in patients with thyroid disease and are an accepted indication for thyroidectomy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of voice and swallowing complaints in pre-operative thyroidectomy patients and to compare these with thyroid volume, thyroid pathology and laryngopharyngeal reflux.

Methods

A consecutive case series design was performed. All patients undergoing a thyroidectomy (partial or total) at a tertiary care centre during a 2 year period were invited to participate. Fifty nine (10 male, 49 female) aged 19–73 were enrolled (59.3% total thyroidectomy, 40.7% partial thyroidectomy). Voice and swallowing complaints were subjectively evaluated using the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and the Modified Swallowing Impairment Score (MSIS), respectively. All patients completed the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) and underwent videostroboscopy. Vocal function was objectively evaluated using perceptual ratings (GRBAS) and acoustic voice analysis (jitter, shimmer, maximum phonation time, maximum fundamental frequency range). The relationship between voice and swallowing symptoms was compared with thyroid volume and surgical pathology.

Results and discussion

The average VHI score was 8.39, representing normal voice scores. Of the objective voice measures, only jitter and a subset of GRBAS measures were slightly elevated. Swallowing complaints were reported at least “some of the time” by 25 patients (41.7%), and “often or always” by 16 patients (26.7%). Of the patients with voice and swallowing complaints, 68.4% and 56%, respectively, had elevated RSI scores consistent with laryngopharyngeal reflux. No correlation was found with thyroid volume or thyroid pathology.

Conclusions

Swallowing complaints appear to be common in pre-operative thyroidectomy patients. A large percentage, however, have associated laryngopharyngeal reflux which may in part account for these symptoms. Patients presenting with compressive thyroid symptoms should be evaluated for laryngopharyngeal reflux, and treated where appropriate.
Norwegian Tax System from the Point of View of Climate Change Policy
Authors: Ptak Michał
Published: July 2014

Norway was the first country in the world to fix a carbon dioxide target. Norway was also one of the first countries to implement taxes to increase incentives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of the paper is to analyse the role of environmental taxes in Norwegian climate policy. The author also examines the differences between the climate change policy measures in Norway and in the European Union countries, especially Poland.The first part of the paper contains an analysis of data on greenhouse gas emissions in Norway in the years 1990-2011. In the further sections of the paper the discussion is focused on the characteristics of Norwegian tax system and design of taxes used in Norway as instruments for addressing climate change. Particular attention is paid to the carbon tax, in force since 1991. The tax is responsible for large CO2 emission reductions. The paper is largely based on review of various reports, literature and websites on climate change policy, energy policy and transport policy in Norway.
Evaluating Secondary Education teachers’ attitudes and uses with ICTs
Authors: Valiente José Luis Guerrero
Published: July 2014

This paper reports a study about Secondary Education teachers’ attitudes and uses of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the province of Cádiz (Andalusia, Spain).

We employed a quantitative methodology, an online questionnaire, to be exact, surveyed to the entire target population. Outcomes comes from both a descriptive study, where response rates given by teachers were analyzed, and an inferential study, where some items were found significant for some variables: sex; age; degree; courses given; years of teaching experience; proficiency in ICT; and equipment available at the music room. We obtained a representative sample of 82 teachers and the results were analyzed taking into account issues such as teacher training, infrastructure of schools and the educational use of ICT.
Sustaining colorectal cancer nurses’ specialist practice
Authors: Taylor Claire , Stiff Dawn , Garnham Jo
Published: July 2014

To function optimally in specialist practice, colorectal cancer nurses require sufficient resources as well as organisational support. The authors examined how well this is borne out in practice by conducting a small electronic survey with members of the National Colorectal Cancer Nurses Network in December 2013. Feedback from the 25 colorectal cancer nurse specialists (CRC CNS) who responded highlights that over half (60%) of the nurses perceive their services to be inadequately resourced. Many stated that their services were being stretched beyond their capacity to respond. Despite the majority identifying a need for additional staffing within their service, nearly all respondents were experiencing difficulty in securing such provision. In addition, many felt that their role was under threat. There was general agreement that managing increasingly complex colorectal cancer care pathways with inadequate administrative support was not sustainable. The implications of these findings are discussed by examining the contribution CRC CNSs can make and offering recommendations to sustain the CRC CNS in practice.
Someone to go to when you need support
Authors: Kennedy Sarah
Published: July 2014

Since the appointment of Sarah Kennedy as inclusion manager, Colley Lane Primary School has succeeded in its aim of becoming an emotinally healthy school.
Strength in identity
Authors: David Anthony
Published: July 2014

As multi-culturalism continues to increase in schools, sustaining a sense of cultural identity for all pupils is a big challenge for teachers, but one which brings rewards.
Share data to ensure objectives are achieved
Authors: Cartwright Eva
Published: July 2014

In part three of her series, Eva Cartwright outlines the importance of TAs recording information about classroom activities in order to work effectively with teachers.
Make room to work
Authors: Ashworth Sally
Published: July 2014

A new report highlights the importance of the built environment for children's learning. Does your classroom radiate order and calm? If not, it is time to reassess.
A Naturalistic Study of an Australian Smoking Cessation Model in a Victorian Community Health Service With 12-Month Follow-Up
Authors: Buckley Christine , O'Dowd Diane , Gannon Katherine , Brennan Mark
Published: July 2014

The current practice of treating smokers as a homogenous group fails to recognise and adequately address the vast range (10–80ng/mL) of nicotine plasma levels (Russell, 1990) found among smokers. The Bittoun Model (Bittoun, 2006) individualises treatment according to the level of nicotine dependency. A total of 115 participants were enrolled in a 12-month program review based on the Bittoun Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) Algorithm (Bittoun, 2006). Participants found to be non nicotine dependent (Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence [FTND] = 0) (Heatherton et al., 1991) were excluded from the study. At 3 months, 52% (n = 99) of participants were total abstainers (self-reporting and expired CO ≤ 5ppm). Outcomes at 6 months (n = 58) and 12 months (n = 18; self-reporting) were 48% and 33% respectively. The Bittoun Model of Smoking Cessation offers an efficacious strategy for the assessment, management and delivery of tobacco intervention for the hard to treat smoker.
�It might have been sophisticated film music�: The role of the orchestra in stage and screen versions of Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street
Authors: McGill Craig M.
Published: July 2014

When Stephen Sondheim wrote his 1979 musical thriller Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street, he aimed for it to feel like a horror film. As such, he drew upon methods from Classical Hollywood film scoring in order to sustain tension between musical numbers and provide clues about the drama. In 2007, the musical was adapted into a film directed by Tim Burton, and thus Sondheim�s music became a film score. Though much of the score is built upon Sondheim�s original work, new scenes required the development of new music. This article considers the role of the orchestra in both the original production of Sweeney Todd and in the film using theories of the role and function of film music and the orchestra in musical theatre.
Fahrbahnreibwertschätzung mit optimaler linearer Parametrierung
Authors: Stellet Jan Erik , Suchaneck Andre , Gießler Martin , Puente León Fernando , Gauterin Frank
Published: July 2014

Modellbasierte Verfahren zur Fahrdynamikregelung beruhen auf einer Beschreibung des Reifen-Fahrbahn-Kraftschlusspotenzials. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt eine neue Methode zur schlupfbasierten Fahrbahnreibwertschätzung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der on-line Anwendung. Hierzu wird eine optimale lineare Parametrierung des Burckhardt-Reifenmodells untersucht. Gegenüber bisherigen Arbeiten erzielt das vorgeschlagene Modell eine verbesserte Approximation. Des Weiteren werden Parameterschätzverfahren für das Modell diskutiert und in einer Gesamtfahrzeugsimulation evaluiert.
Robuste asymptotische Störkompensation mittels beobachterbasierter Störgrößenaufschaltungen
Authors: Deutscher Joachim , Roppenecker Günter
Published: July 2014

In diesem Beitrag wird ein neues Verfahren zum Entwurf von Störgrößenaufschaltungen mit Störbeobachtern für Strecken mit unbekanntem Störeingriffsort vorgestellt. Die resultierenden Regler sichern die Robustheit der asymptotischen Störkompensation, womit auch bei Auftreten von nicht destabilisierender Modellunsicherheit die stationär vollständige Ausregelung von Störungen gewährleistet ist. Der neue Reglerentwurf ist dual zur Anwendung des internen Modellprinzips mittels des Ansatzes von Davison. Im Gegensatz zu letzterem ermöglicht die neue Entwurfsmethodik jedoch eine sehr einfache und vollständige Vermeidung von Regler-Windup durch Einspeisung des begrenzten Stellsignals in den Störbeobachter. Ein einfaches Beispiel verdeutlicht die Vorteile des neuen Entwurfsverfahrens.
Dechlorination of Zinc Oxide Dust from Waelz Kiln by Microwave Roasting
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Zhang Libo , Ma Aiyuan , Peng Jinhui , Li Jing , Liu Chenhui
Published: July 2014

The new technology of dechlorination from zinc oxide dust by microwave roasting was investigated, combined with the advantages of microwave selective heating and based on a thermodynamic analysis of zinc and lead halides. The associated dechlorination reactions were discussed in details and the effect of all the influencing parameters such as roasting temperature, holding time, stirring speed and air flow were systematically investigated. Experimental results showed that zinc oxide dust dechlorination rate could reach over 95% and meet the requirements of wet smelting electrolysis, given an air flow of 300 L/h, a stirring speed of 60 r/min, a roasting temperature of 650 °C and a holding time of 30 min. Microwave roasting provided a new solution to the dechlorination from zinc oxide dust.
Surface and Electrical Properties of Electro-Coagulated Thermal Waste
Authors: Yesilkaya S. S. , Okutan M. , Içelli O. , Yalçın Z.
Published: July 2014

The Electro-Coagulated Thermal Waste (ECTW) sample of the impedance spectroscopy investigation for electrical modulus and conductivity are presented. Electrical properties via temperature and frequency dependent impedance spectroscopy were investigated. Real and imaginary parts of electrical modulus were measured at various frequencies and a related Cole-Cole plot was acquired as well. The surface resistivity of the ECTW was measured by the four-point probe measurement technique, yielding a relatively high surface resistivity. As a result of this study, an effective building shielding material, which is a cost effective alternative, is proposed. The activation energy values were calculated from the Arrhenius plots at different frequencies. The transition region in this plot may be attributed to activation of ionic conductivity at lower temperatures.
Production of Al-Co-Ni Ternary Alloys by the SHS Method for Use in Nickel Based Superalloys Manufacturing
Authors: Alkan Murat , Sonmez M. Seref , Derin Bora , Yücel Onuralp , Andreev Dmitrii E. , Sanin Vladimir N. , Yukhvid Vladimir I.
Published: July 2014

In this study, Al-Co-Ni ternary alloys were synthesized, in order to obtain low-cost starting material for Ni-based superalloy production, by a self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) both under normal gravity conditions (a = 9.81 m/s
One- and two-dimensional heteropolynuclear complexes with tetracyanonickelate(II) and 2-pyridinemethanol
Authors: Sayın Elvan , Kürkçüoğlu Güneş Süheyla , Yeşilel Okan Zafer , Hökelek Tuncer , Büyükgüngör Orhan
Published: July 2014

Three new cyano complexes, [Cu(hmp)2] [Cu(hmpH)2 Ni(μ-CN)2(CN)2]2·4H2 O (1), [Zn3(hmp)2(hmpH)4 Ni2(μ-CN)6(CN)2]·2H2 O (2) and [Cd2(H2 O)2(hmpH)2 Ni(μ-CN)4 Ni(μ-CN)2(CN)2] (3) (2-pyridinemethanol abbreviated to hmpH), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, vibrational spectroscopy (FT-IR and Raman), thermal and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. In 1, Cu(II) ions are connected by the tetracyanonickelate(II) anions to form one-dimensional (1D) zig-zag chains. In 2, tetracyanonickelate(II) ions are coordinated to the neighboring three Zn(II) ions to form a one-dimensional double chain structure. In 3, Cd(II) ions are connected by tetrakis-monodentate tetracyanonickelate(II) ions to form a one-dimensional ladder-like chain. Adjacent ladder-like chains are linked by the bis-monodentate tetracyanonickelate(II) ions to generate a 2D network. The 3D supramolecular network of the complexes constructed by intermolecular interactions such as Ni···π, C-H···Ni, π···π and hydrogen bonding interactions.
Optically transparent graphene nanoplatelet inks as low cost electrocatalysts for liquid dye sensitised solar cells
Authors: Baker J. , Watson T.M. , Jones D. , Deganello D. , Gethin D.T. , Claypole T C
Published: July 2014

Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) functionalised with platinum were explored as the active material in a high specific surface area ink. The ink had a transmission at 550nm (T550) = 85% and a charge transfer resistance (Rct) of 6Ω/cm2. Although the Rct is higher than required for laboratory cells having a Jsc of 20mA/cm2 under 1 sun test conditions it is sufficient for industrially produced reverse devices, especially when utilised for indoor applications where light conditions will be lower than 100W/m2. This was demonstrated by reverse illuminated DSC efficiencies with flexible cathodes which were equivalent to cells with sputtered platinum catalysts when subjected to 300W/m2 lighting or less. A modification to the ink, suitable for catalysing a Co2+/3+ electrolyte having an Rct of 2Ω/cm2 and T550= 85% was undertaken. This demonstrates potential for use in high efficiency cobalt mediated DSCs. The work shows that printed graphene catalysts are a versatile low cost replacement to sputtered platinum in reverse illuminated DSCs for dye sensitised solar cells.
Piezosurgery Applied to Implant Dentistry: Clinical and Biological Aspects
Authors: Pereira Cassiano Costa Silva , Gealh Walter Cristiano , Meorin-Nogueira Lamis , Garcia-Júnior Idelmo Rangel , Okamoto Roberta
Published: July 2014

Piezosurgery is a new and modern technique of bone surgery in implantology. Selective cutting is possible for different ultrasonic frequencies acting only in hard tissues (mineralized), saving vital anatomical structures. With the piezoelectric osteotomy technique, receptor site preparation for implants, autogenous bone graft acquistition (particles and blocks), osteotomy for alveolar bone crest expansion, maxillary sinus lifting, and dental implant removal can be performed accurately and safely, providing excellent clinical and biological results, especially for osteocyte viability. The aim of this review was, through literature review, to present clinical applications of piezosurgery in implant dentistry and outline their advantages and disadvantages over conventional surgical systems. Moreover, this study addressed the biological aspects related to piezosurgery that differentiate it from those of bone tissue approaches. Overall, piezosurgery enables critical operations in simple and fully executable procedures; and effectively, areas that are difficult to access have less risk of soft tissue and neurovascular tissue damage via piezosurgery.
Antiproliferative action of aqueous extracts of Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. (Fabaceae) on the cell cycle of Allium cepa L.
Authors: LACERDA LOURRAN P. , MALAQUIAS GEIZ , PERON ANA PAULA
Published: July 2014

In this study we evaluated the action of crude aqueous extracts obtained from rhytidome of Hymenaea stigonocarpa (jatobá-do-cerrado) on Allium cepa meristematic root cells in three concentrations: 0.082, 0.164, 0.328g/mL, at exposure times of 24 and 48 h. The slides were prepared by the crushing technique, and cells analyzed throughout the cell cycle, totaling 5000 for each control group and concentration. It was found that all three concentrations, including the lowest which is considered ideal for use, in all exposure times, had significant antiproliferative action on the cell cycle of this test system. For cells under division, we observed a high number of cells in prophase. Therefore, under the conditions studied H. stigonocarpa indicated to be cytotoxic.
Continuous use of intermittent bladder catheterization - can social support contribute?
Authors: Lopes Marjoyre Anne Lindozo , Lima Elenice Dias Ribeiro de Paula
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the factors affecting the adequate continuous use of intermittent catheterization and its relation with social support.METHOD: sectional, descriptive and correlational study involving 49 patients with neuropathic bladder caused by spinal cord injury.RESULTS: almost all (92%) participants continued the intermittent catheterization, but 46.9% made some changes in the technique. The complications (28.6% of the sample) were mainly infection and vesicolithiasis. There were high scores for social support in relation to people that were part of the patient's social support.CONCLUSION: All of them noticed great support from the family, but not from the society in general. The difficulties were related to the lack of equipment and inadequate infrastructure, leading to changes that increased urologic complications.
Low back pain characterized by muscle resistance and occupational factors associated with nursing
Authors: Petersen Rafael de Souza , Marziale Maria Helena Palucci
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE: to identify the occupational factors associated with low back pain using a surveillance tool and to characterize the low back pain by the resistance of the extensor muscles of the vertebral column among nursing professionals at an Intensive Care Unit.METHODS: Cross-sectional study. The workers answered a questionnaire about occupational factors and participated in a resistance test of the extensor muscles of the vertebral column. Associations were established through Student's T-test or Mann-Whitney's U-test and correlations using Pearson's test.RESULTS: Out of 48 participants, 32 (67%) suffered from low pain. For the resistance test, the subjects suffering from low back pain endured less time in comparison with asymptomatic subjects, but without significant differences (p=0.147). The duration of the pain episode showed a significant negative correlation (p=0.016) with the results of the resistance test though. The main factors identified as causes of low back pain were biomechanical and postural elements, conditions of the muscle structure and physical and organizational conditions.CONCLUSIONS: the main occupational factors associated with the low back pain were the posture and the characteristics of the physical and organizational conditions. In addition, the extensor muscles of the column showed a trend towards lesser resistance for workers in pain. This evidence is important when considering prevention and treatment strategies.
Parental stress in mothers of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy
Authors: Ribeiro Maysa Ferreira Martins , Sousa Ana Luiza Lima , Vandenberghe Luc , Porto Celmo Celeno
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate parental stress of mothers of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy; to verify whether parental stress undergoes variations according to the level of motor compromise, the child's phase of life, and sociodemographic variables.METHOD: a cross-sectional, descriptive study, with 223 mothers of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy.RESULTS: 45.3% of the mothers presented high levels of stress; there were differences in stress between mothers of children with mild and severe motor impairment; mothers of older children were more stressed than mothers of younger children and of adolescents; paid work and leisure activities reduced the stress.CONCLUSION: mothers of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy, whose children present mild to severe motor impairment are vulnerable to parental stress. Paid work and leisure activities were the factors that contributed most to reducing the stress.
Knowledge about hypertension and factors associated with the non-adherence to drug therapy
Authors: Barreto Mayckel da Silva , Reiners Annelita Almeida Oliveira , Marcon Sonia Silva
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVES: to identify the degree of knowledge of people with hypertension concerning the disease and to verify the factors associated with the non-adherence to anti-hypertensive drug therapy.METHOD: Cross sectional study, involving 422 people. Data collection took place at their homes, between December 2011 and March 2012, through interviews using the following instruments: Medication Adherence Questionnaire (MAQ-Q), Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI) and a guide with questions related to sociodemographic profile, satisfaction with healthcare service and knowledge about the disease.RESULTS: 42.6% did not adhere to the drug therapy and 17.7% had poor knowledge about the disease. Factors associated with the non-adherence were: complex drug therapy, poor knowledge about the disease and dissatisfaction with the healthcare service.CONCLUSION: The findings reinforce that the complex drug therapy prescriptions, little knowledge about the disease and dissatisfaction with the healthcare service have influence on the process of non-adherence to anti-hypertensive drug therapy.
Aspectos hemodinâmicos da circulação extracorpórea em cães
Authors: Knupp Sheila Nogueira Ribeiro , Vale Daniela Fantini , Monteiro Guilherme Soares , Luz Mônica Jorge , Sheffer Jussara Peters , Oliveira André Lacerda
Published: July 2014

A circulação extracorpórea (CEC) promove alterações graves no organismo do paciente que necessita ser submetido a esse procedimento, que pode, no entanto, ser contornadas ou minimizadas com manobras específicas para cada situação. Apesar de ser uma técnica já estabelecida na medicina humana, ainda existem avanços a serem alcançados. Objetivou-se com este trabalho descrever a técnica de circulação extracorpórea e informar seus efeitos hemodinâmicos quando aplicada em cães. Utilizaram-se quatro cães hígidos, sem raça definida. Os animais foram submetidos à anestesia e monitoramentos e coletas sanguíneas foram realizadas (T0). Em seguida, os animais foram submetidos à esternotomia mediana, canulação da artéria aorta e veias cava cranial e caudal e mantidos por um período de 30 minutos em CEC (T1), foram, depois, desconectados da máquina de CEC, permanecendo por 30 minutos em processo de reperfusão (T2), seguidos de uma hora de reperfusão (T3), sendo, então, eutanasiados. Avaliaram-se os seguintes parâmetros: pressão arterial média, pressão venosa central, oxigenação (SaO2) e capnografia (ETCO2). PAM, PVC e SaO2 permaneceram dentro da normalidade durante os tempos avaliados, já a média observada do ETCO2 estava abaixo apenas em um dos animais experimentais, porém os valores mantiveram-se dentro da normalidade na maioria dos animais experimentais. Concluiu-se que a CEC é possível de ser realizada em cães, sem prejuízos hemodinâmicos graves, considerando-se os parâmetros avaliados neste experimento.
Effluents quality during the grow-out phase of the amazon shrimp macrobrachium amazonicum
Authors: Nogueira Mayra , Pinto Fernanda de Rezende , Nunes Ana Paula , Guariz Cintia Sobue Lorenzon , Amaral Luiz Augusto do
Published: July 2014

In recent years shrimp culture farms have been one of the most growing sectors in aquaculture. Research has been carried out in order to establish a sustainable production maintaining profit and low environmental impact. Current investigation analyzed source and effluent water produced during the final grow-out phase of the Amazon shrimp (Macrobrachium amazonicum). Twelve natural-bottom ponds, with continuous water flow and stock density comprising 40, 60, 80 and 100 young shrimps/m² were analyzed. The experiment design comprised totally randomized blocks with four treatments and three replications. Microbiological analyses for Escherichia coli was attempted, coupled to physical and chemical analyses for pH, temperature, total suspended solids, total nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand of water supply and pond effluents. Results show that whereas effluent quality complied with current legal rules, there was no significant difference between supply and effluent water for the analyzed variables and between stock densities. Under the conditions investigated and the intensification of culture in the final grow-out phase up to a density of 100 young shrimps/m², the production of M. amazonicum reveals low potential for environmental impact for the variables analyzed.
Biometria podal de equídeos (Equus sp Linnaeus, 1758) de tração
Authors: Faria Marcelo Domingues de , Santos Maria Alice Maranhão , Martins Laura Flávia Teixeira , Gradela Adriana , Pereira Neto Joaquim , Bandeira Claudio Gomes Costa
Published: July 2014

Os equídeos têm sido largamente utilizados como meio de tração desde épocas remotas, sem que se atente às intempéries às quais as cápsulas ungueais são submetidas, principalmente pelo atrito, pelo impacto e pelas forças atuantes no momento da tração. Para a mensuração das cápsulas ungueais foi utilizado paquímetro de aproximação milimetral e, para determinar a angulação da face parietal com o solo, transferidor de 180º. Os parâmetros das cápsulas ungueais mensurados foram: o comprimento, a largura, a altura da superfície dorsal da face parietal, a largura dos tórus córneos, a altura dos tórus córneos mediais e laterais, o comprimento e a largura da cunha córnea. Para confecção do presente trabalho foram utilizados 181 animais empregados em atividade de tração no Município de Petrolina (PE), sendo 56 equinos, 97 asininos e 28 muares, dentre machos e fêmeas, com diferentes massas corporais e diferentes idades. Os resultados foram tabulados e poderão servir de subsídio para determinação do padrão anatômico destes animais na referida região. Foi possível verificar as práticas às quais os animais são submetidos, como casqueamento, ferrageamento e excesso de carga, o que pode acarretar má distribuição da carga nos membros e na própria cápsula ungueal, gerando patologias do aparelho locomotor. Frequentemente, observava-se o desequilíbrio médio-lateral das úngulas, uma vez que o tórus córneo medial era maior que o lateral, desencadeando alterações no aprumo e prejudicando as posições ortostática e ortodinâmica, as quais poderiam ser resolvidos com práticas de casqueamento e ferrageamento, reduzindo as afecções do aparelho locomotor.
Doença e cura em Moçambique nos relatórios dos serviços de saúde dos finais do século XIX
Authors: Roque Ana Cristina
Published: July 2014

Nos finais do século XIX, os relatórios dos serviços de saúde compõem um repositório de informação sobre as principais enfermidades em Moçambique e os impactos da sua frequência, bem como sobre os procedimentos e métodos no combate à doença, num quadro regional cuja descrição remete para um conhecimento alargado das características e potencialidades dos vários distritos e das condições de vida da população. Este artigo evidencia que estes relatórios constituem um espaço privilegiado não só para o estudo do processo de implantação do poder colonial português em Moçambique, como para o estudo da medicina tropical numa perspetiva que tenha em conta as condições específicas do território e que enquadra historicamente a problemática da doença e da cura.