bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Persistent Mixed Donor Chimerism following Double Umbilical Cord Transplantation in a Patient with T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Mistry Ronak H. , Hexner Elizabeth O. , Mangan James K.
Published: September 2019

T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare and aggressive postthymic T-cell neoplasm with an associated survival time of 1 year when left untreated. Current standard of care for T-PLL is with alemtuzumab, followed by allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplant. Little is found in the literature about alternative donor transplantation in T-PLL. Here, we present the case of a patient treated with double umbilical cord blood transplantation, which resulted in initial complete remission. An unusual outcome of this case is that coengraftment of both cords was established. After 16 months, the patient had relapse of the disease, unfortunately, prompting treatment with alemtuzumab and pentostatin, which resulted in remission once again. Here, we report a unique phenomenon whereby single-cord dominance occurred after treatment with these agents, suggesting that anti-T-cell therapy after transplant may help achieve single-unit dominance. A second relapse of the disease occurred six months thereafter, ultimately resulting in the patient’s death, highlighting the aggressive nature of this disease.
Left Ventricular Noncompaction: Cause or Consequence of Myocardial Disease? A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Loria Valentina , Colizzi Christian , Vaccarella Marcello , Franceschi Francesco , Aspromonte Nadia
Published: September 2019

A 57-year-old woman presented to the Emergency Department with symptoms of worsening heart failure (HF). She had a past medical history of breast cancer treated with surgery and chemotherapy with anthracyclines and no family history of cardiomyopathy (CMP). In the last year, she received a diagnosis of HF with normal coronary arteries, during hospitalization for acute onset of dyspnea and was treated with medical therapy. After several months, few days before admission to our hospital, an echocardiography (ECHO) showed features of left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC), not described in previous ECHO and further confirmed by cardiac magnetic resonance. This case highlights the current uncertainties regarding the pathogenesis of LVNC and the clinical challenge of cardiologists facing LVNC morphology to decide if they are observing a genetic CMP, a phenotype overlapping with dilated or hypertrophic CMP, or a variant of the left ventricular (LV) wall anatomy. No consensus exists among scientific communities regarding diagnostic criteria of LVNC and in most cases; the key element in the diagnostic decision is not the LVNC by itself, but the associated LV dilation and/or dysfunction, hypertrophy, arrhythmias, and embolic events.
Cribriform-Morular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Shows High Ki-67 Labeling Indices, despite Its Excellent Prognosis
Authors: Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Matsuda Katsuya , Kudo Takumi , Higuchi Miyoko , Suzuki Ayana , Takada Nami , Nakashima Masahiro , Miyauchi Akira
Published: September 2019

Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate that the cribriform-morular variant (CMV) of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has high Ki-67 labeling indices, despite its excellent prognosis. Methods: We examined 21 CMV-PTCs and 5 conventional PTCs (C-PTCs) resected at Kuma Hospital between 2008 and 2018. All of the patients with CMV-PTC were women. Their ages ranged from 17 to 35 years, with a mean of 25.2 years. An immunohistochemical study using β-catenin, estrogen receptor (ER), and Ki-67 was performed. For apoptotic analysis, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining was performed. Results: All CMV-PTCs were encapsulated with thick fibrous connective tissue. Eleven and one CMV-PTCs exhibited capsular invasion and extrathyroidal invasion, respectively. Two patients showed regional nodal metastasis. The Ki-67 labeling index ranged from 4.8 to 36.4% (mean 15.2%). Apoptotic cells were counted, which showed 2–52 positive cells (mean 12.6) per 10 high-power fields. The Ki-67 labeling index was positively correlated with the apoptotic cell count (r = 0.48, p = 0.030). Ki-67 labeling indices of CMV-PTCs were significantly higher than those of C-PTCs (p = 0.0027). Ages and tumor sizes did not have significant correlations with Ki-67 labeling indices or apoptotic cell counts. Conclusion: This study is the first to demonstrate disproportionally high Ki-67 labeling indexes in a large number of CMV-PTC cases, despite the fact that these cases had favorable prognoses. The favorable prognosis of CMV-PTC may be attributable to encapsulation and nuclear ER expression.
Geriatric Assessment and the Relation with Mortality and Hospitalizations in Older Patients Starting Dialysis
Authors: van Loon Ismay N. , Goto Namiko A. , Boereboom Franciscus T.J. , Bots Michiel L. , Hoogeveen Ellen K. , Gamadia Laila , van Bommel E.F.H. , van de Ven P.J.G. , Douma Caroline E. , Vincent H.H. , Schrama Yvonne C. , Lips Joy , Siezenga Machiel A. , Abrahams Alferso C. , Verhaar Marianne C. , Hamaker Marije E.
Published: September 2019

Background and Objectives: A geriatric assessment (GA) is a structural method for identifying frail patients. The relation of GA findings and risk of death in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is not known. The objective of the GA in OLder patients starting Dialysis Study was to assess the association of GA at dialysis initiation with early mortality and hospitalization. Design, Setting, Participants, and Measurements: Patients ≥65 years old were included just prior to dialysis initiation. All participants underwent a GA, including assessment of (instrumental) activities of daily living (ADL), mobility, cognition, mood, nutrition, and comorbidity. In addition, a frailty screening (Fried Frailty Index, [FFI]) was applied. Outcome measures were 6- and 12-month mortality, and 6-month hospitalization. Associations with mortality were assessed with cox-regression adjusting for age, sex, comorbidity burden, smoking, residual kidney function and dialysis modality. Associations with hospitalization were assessed with logistic regression, adjusting for relevant confounders. Results: In all, 192 patients were included, mean age 75 ± 7 years, of whom 48% had ≥3 geriatric impairments and were considered frail. The FFI screening resulted in 46% frail patients. Mortality rate was 8 and 15% at 6- and 12-months after enrolment, and transplantation rate was 2 and 4% respectively. Twelve-month mortality risk was higher in patients with ≥3 impairments (hazard ratio [HR] 2.97 [95% CI 1.19–7.45]) compared to less impaired patients. FFI frail patients had a higher risk of 12-month mortality (HR 7.22 [95% CI 2.47–21.13]) and hospitalization (OR 1.93 [95% CI 1.00–3.72]) compared to fit patients. Malnutrition was associated with 12-month mortality, while impaired ADL and depressive symptoms were associated with 12-month mortality and hospitalization. Conclusions: Frailty as assessed by a GA is related to mortality in elderly patients with ESKD. Individual components of the GA are related to both mortality and hospitalization. As the GA allows for distinguishing between frail and fit patients initiating dialysis, it is potentially of added value in the decision-making process concerning dialysis initiation.
The Association of Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Acute Kidney Injury in Premature Infants from the Assessment of the Worldwide Acute Kidney Injury Epidemiology in Neonates (AWAKEN) Study
Authors: Stoops Christine , Boohaker Louis , Sims Brian , Griffin Russell , Selewski David T. , Askenazi David ,   on behalf of the National Kidney Collaborative (NKC)
Published: September 2019

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) are common in premature infants. We previously demonstrated that infants with AKI have a higher hazards ratio to develop grade ≥2 IVH when controlling for confounders. However, that single-center study was unable to show an overall association. Objectives: To test the hypothesis that infants diagnosed with AKI have an increased risk of IVH independent of variables associated with both AKI and IVH, we performed a study on 825 infants from the Assessment of Worldwide Acute Kidney Injury Epidemiology in Neonates (AWAKEN) study (a 24-center multinational retrospective cohort). Method: A neonatal modified KDIGO definition of AKI was used based on serum creatinine (SCr) and/or urine output criteria. Baseline SCr was defined as the lowest previous value. IVH was diagnosed with head ultrasounds. Results: AKI was documented in 22.2% (183/825) of infants and IVH in 14.3% (118/825). Infants with AKI (n = 183) were more likely to have IVH (26.8%, 49/183) than those without AKI (n= 642) who had IVH (10.7%, 69/642, p < 0.0001). After controlling for 5-min Apgar score, vasopressor support within the first week of age, and gestational age, infants with AKI had 1.6 times higher adjusted odds to develop any grade IVH (95% CI 1.04–2.56). Furthermore, infants of gestational age of 22–28 weeks had 1.9 times higher adjusted odds to develop IVH (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.08–3.23). Conclusions: We present the first multicenter evaluation of the association between AKI and IVH in premature infants showing a significant independent association between AKI and IVH. Development of strategies to reduce AKI may also reduce IVH.
Active Phagocytosis and Diachronic Processing of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Crystals in an in vitro Macrophage Model
Authors: Okada Atsushi , Aoki Hiromasa , Onozato Daichi , Kato Taiki , Hashita Tadahiro , Takase Hiroshi , Sugino Teruaki , Unno Rei , Taguchi Kazumi , Hamamoto Shuzo , Ando Ryosuke , Mizuno Kentaro , Tozawa Keiichi , Matsunaga Tamihide , Kohri Kenjiro , Yasui Takahiro
Published: September 2019

Background: We previously discovered that renal macrophages (Mφs) phagocytose renal calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals. This study investigated the processing of engulfed crystals using in vitro models. Methods: J774.1 mouse Mφs were exposed to COM crystals and observed for 24 h using polarized light microscopy with/without cytochalasin B (CB), an inhibitor of phagocytosis, to confirm active crystal phagocytosis. LysoTracker and immunohistochemical staining using transmission electron microscopy for lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 were used to confirm engulfed COM crystal uptake into lysosomes. Diachronic tracking of specific Mφs was performed to capture the entire course of engulfed COM crystal processing using polarized light microscopy. Follow-up studies of fluorescent COM (f-COM) crystals using imaging cytometry were performed in the presence and absence of nigericin to dissipate the pH gradient in acidic organelles. Results: Phagocytosis rates increased with COM density and were significantly lower in cells treated with CB (p < 0.01). We observed that engulfed crystals colocalized within lysosomes of the Mφs; moreover, diachronic observation indicated that the engulfed COM crystals were subdivided during Mφ division and eliminated by the 7th day of culture. Additionally, imaging cytometry showed that the fluorescence level of f-COM crystals in the nigericin (–) group after 48 h was significantly lower than that in the nigericin (+) group. Conclusions: This study confirmed active phagocytosis and lysosomal processing of engulfed COM crystals by Mφs. This discovery is expected to contribute to the development of future drugs that enhance the COM crystal phagocytic ability of Mφs.
Role of Ancillary Testing on Endoscopic US-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Samples from Cystic Pancreatic Neoplasms
Authors: Jhala Nirag , Srimunta Piyachat , Jhala Darshana
Published: September 2019

Pancreatic cysts are increasingly detected on imaging studies. Accurate determination of the cyst type is important to provide appropriate care for the patients. It is also very clear that not one single modality can provide adequate diagnostic information. A multidisciplinary approach is the key to the diagnosis of pancreatic cysts. In this setting, the role of ancillary testing, which includes biochemical testing (carcinoembryonic antigen and amylase levels in the cyst), molecular testing (e.g., KRAS, GNAS, VHL, and CTNB1), and/or immunohistochemical tests are very important to obtain an accurate diagnosis. This review will discuss helpful ancillary tests in common pancreatic cyst neoplasms and how to approach the diagnosis of pancreatic cysts.
Colon Tumor Tattooing-Derived Ink-Laden Macrophages in Peritoneal Ascitic Fluid
Authors: López-Janeiro Álvaro , Blasco Luis , Rodriguez Ana Margarita , Lopez Ferrer Pilar , Vicandi Blanca
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Macrophages containing exogenous pigments are commonly encountered in cytological specimens. Case Presentation: We present a case of tumor tattooing as an infrequent exogenous source of peritoneal fluid macrophagic pigment in a 76-year-old female. Discussion and Conclusion: Tattooing-derived ink can be a source of macrophagic pigment and should not be confused with other endogenous or exogenous pigments. The anatomical location and past medical history of the patient can aid in the diagnosis.
Reconstitution of IgG Subclasses following Immunoglobulin Therapy in Adult Primary Hypogammaglobulinemia
Authors: Sharma Trisha , Gupta Sudhir
Published: September 2019

Background: Immunoglobulin (Ig) therapy is highly effective in reducing the frequency and severity of infections. However, a subset of patients does not respond adequately. Objective: To determine in adult patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia (a) if failure to reconstitute IgG subclass(es) is associated with inadequate clinical response, (b) whether reconstitution of IgG subclasses differs between routes of Ig administration, (c) which subclasses contribute to low total IgG, and (d) what are the most commonly impaired Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes. Methods: A retrospective review of the records of patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia followed up at the Immunology Clinic between 2010 and 2018 was conducted. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected. Results: Seventy-one patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia were included. All subclasses were reconstituted in 85% of the patients. IgG3 and IgG4 were most commonly not reconstituted. Reconstitution occurred in 85% of the patients on intravenous Ig (IVIG), 81% of the patients on conventional subcutaneous Ig (SCIG), and 100% of the patients on enzyme-facilitated subcutaneous Ig (fSCIG). The annual infection rate was 0.87 with IVIG, 0.88 with conventional SCIG, and 0.6 with fSCIG. IgG subclasses contributing to low total IgG included IgG1 (61%), IgG2 (49%), IgG3 (23%), and IgG4 (28%). In patients with concomitant specific antibody deficiency (n = 47), the most commonly impaired antibody responses were against pneumococcal serotypes 3, 4, 6b, 12f, and 23f. Conclusions: Failure to reconstitute subclasses does not correlate with an inadequate clinical response to immunoglobulin therapy in primary hypogammaglobulinemia. Full reconstitution of IgG subclasses was observed with fSCIG. A smaller panel of pneumococcal antibody responses may be used to define specific antibody deficiency.
Prevalence and Risk of Polypharmacy among Community-Dwelling, Elderly Kuwaiti Patients
Authors: Badawy Nabil Ahmed , Labeeb Shokria Adely , Alsamdan Mawaheb Falah , Alazemi Badria Faleh
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of polypharmacy in community-dwelling, older Kuwaiti patients, describe the number and types of drugs used, and identify risk factors associated with polypharmacy. Subjects and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey in which we interviewed 500 community-dwelling Kuwaiti adults over 65 years of age. The data collection occurred during a 4-month period from March to July 2017. Results: Fifty-two percent (n = 260) of the patients were males, with a mean age of 71.73 ± 5.32 years. The prevalence of polypharmacy (5–8 drugs) and excessive polypharmacy (>8 drugs) was 58.4% (n = 292) and 10.2% (n = 51), respectively. The risk factors associated with an increased number of medicines used were: female gender (p = 0.019), a lower level of education (p = 0.003), a high number of hospital admissions (p = 0.000), clinics visited by the patient (p =0.000), and number of comorbidities (p = 0.000). The most commonly used medications (82.6% of the study population) were blood glucose-lowering agents, excluding insulin. Other commonly used medications were antihypertensive drugs and lipid-modifying agents. Conclusion: A significant sector of the older Kuwaiti patient population has a high prevalence of polypharmacy and is thus exposed to its potential hazards. The current study highlights the need to revise the drug-dispensing policy among community-dwelling, older Kuwaiti people, as well as to initiate educational programs among healthcare practitioners concerning prescribing issues in older individuals.
Tramas locales de relación y burocracias judiciales: análisis etnográfico de un juicio de lesa humanidad en una ciudad del nordeste argentino
Authors: Sarrabayrouse Oliveira María José
Published: September 2019

Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir y analizar el primer juicio de lesa humanidad que tuvo lugar en la provincia noreste argentina (Corrientes). Desde el trabajo de campo llevado a cabo en los tribunales locales de esta ciudad, se busca reflexionar bajo una perspectiva etnográfica, cómo los procesos de lesa humanidad han tenido repercusiones (y siguen teniendo) en el tejido local de las relaciones sociales, mientras tanbién han presionado e influido en el desempeño de las burocracias judiciales. Todo esto en espacios locales donde el activismo de derechos humanos se ha presentado de una manera menos organizada que en las grandes ciudades y donde la represión ha adquirido caracteristicas particulares. De la misma forma, este documento busca abordar la funcion restauradora de estas demandas para las víctimas y sus famílias para que revivan los conflictos que ocurrieron durante la dictadura, como “dramas sociales”.
Latifúndio, conflito e desenvolvimento no Vale do Jari: do aviamento ao capitalismo verde
Authors: Folhes Ricardo , Camargo Maria Luíza
Published: September 2019

Este artigo pretende reconstituir traços da história de exploração de um imenso latifúndio existente no vale do rio Jari, nos estados do Pará e Amapá. Formado numa época em que o sistema de aviamento constituía o poder político e econômico de coronéis da borracha e, em decorrência, a sujeição de extrativistas, o latifúndio, depois de quase um século, torna-se exemplo mundial de boas práticas socioambientais, sendo reconhecido como exemplo pioneiro de “empresa verde”. Porém, atualmente, a empresa controladora do latifúndio encontra-se envolvida em sérios conflitos com posseiros e envolta em processos judiciais que apuram a grilagem das áreas que ocupa e as irregularidades do plano de manejo florestal em atividade. Pretende-se, aqui, discutir as trajetórias das populações rurais que ali existiam ou para lá foram ao longo do processo de ocupação do vale do Jari e do latifúndio, à luz das diferentes estratégias econômicas adotadas e, junto a dados de campo coletados entre novembro de 2010 e novembro de 2011, descrever parte dos conflitos territoriais existentes.
Produção da natureza e impasses socioecológicos no extremo sul baiano: considerações sobre mudanças climáticas globais e a indústria de papel e celulose
Authors: Cornetta Andrei
Published: September 2019

Diante do posicionamento do Brasil nos debates internacionais sobre mudanças globais do clima, bem como as políticas que o governo vem adotando internamente, este artigo analisa as maneiras pelas quais estas se desdobram territorialmente. Mais especificamente, busca-se analisar criticamente as relações entre políticas nacionais sobre mudanças climáticas e o agronegócio, em especial o setor de papel e celulose e suas implicações para o campo brasileiro. Como estratégia para particularizar estas relações, toma-se como estudo de caso as iniciativas da empresa Suzano Papel e Celulose S.A. no extremo sul da Bahia e suas atividades relacionadas ao mercado internacional de compensação de gases efeito estufa.
Em busca de uma “criação ecológica do espaço": problematizando a permacultura como alternativa à produção capitalista do espaço
Authors: De Matheus e Silva Luis Fernando
Published: September 2019

Originada da movimentação contracultural e das discussões ambientalistas do início da década de 1970, a permacultura foi desenvolvida pelos australianos Bill Mollison e David Holmgren com o objetivo de servir como base à edificação de assentamentos humanos autogeridos e sustentáveis. O presente artigo pretende apresentar um quadro geral e analisar criticamente alguns dos aspectos fundantes da permacultura, nomeadamente aqueles que configuram a “criação permacultural do espaço”, debatendo tanto os limites como o seu potencial em poder afirmar-se como alternativas possíveis e viáveis à produção capitalista do espaço. Em realidade, trata-se de uma breve exposição de algumas das discussões empreendidas durante a realização de tese de doutorado intitulada Ilusão concreta, utopia possível: contraculturas espaciais e permacultura (uma mirada desde o cone sul), defendida em julho de 2013 no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia Humana da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo – FFLCH-USP.
Gestão direta de floresta pública na Amazônia brasileira: reflexões a partir da Floresta Estadual do Antimary, estado do Acre
Authors: Pinto Michele de Azevedo , Moraes Sérgio Cardoso de , Vasconcellos Sobrinho Mário
Published: September 2019

O artigo discute a gestão direta de florestas públicas na Amazônia brasileira, em especial no estado do Acre. Toma-se como estudo de caso a Floresta Estadual do Antimary. Baseado em uma metodologia histórico-descritiva, o artigo reconstitui o movimento sociopolítico do Acre que culminou com a proposição de criação de reservas florestais para gestão direta pelas coletividades locais. Analisa-se a experiência da gestão de Antimary e as suas contribuições para a gestão de florestas públicas, principalmente o método denominado “gestão direta da floresta”. O artigo demonstra que a exploração florestal realizada no Antimary não pode ser considerada de gestão direta em toda sua essência. O Estado adota um modelo de exploração florestal que não condiz com a legislação ambientale, consequentemente, atua sem mecanismos regulatórios definidos para o alcance de resultados positivos. A experiência de Antimary mostra que muitos desafios ainda ameaçam a gestão direta como modelo de gestão de florestas públicas.
Apresentação dossiê “Moda & História”
Authors: Prado Luís André do
Published: September 2019

Este dossiê – primeiro sobre o tema moda nesta Revista de História – é dedicado ao doutoramento em Ciências Sociais de Gilda de Mello e Souza (1919- 2005), defendido em 20 de junho de 1950 na Faculdade de Filosofia Letras e Ciências Humanas (FFLCH), e intitulado A moda no século XIX. Pioneira no estudo de moda no Brasil, a tese só mereceu publicação comercial em 1987, com o título O espírito das roupas (SOUZA, 1987). O longo lapso temporal em que permaneceu negligenciado não encaneceu o trabalho da filósofa; ao contrário, seu reconhecimento foi se ampliando com o passar dos anos e o posiciona, hoje, como o mais relevante estudo sobre o tema já produzido no Brasil. (1º parágrafo do texto)
User involvement in building design – a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Caixeta Michele Caroline Bueno Ferrari , Tzortzopoulos Patrícia , Fabricio Márcio Minto
Published: September 2019

This paper reports results of a systematic literature review on the definitions and levels of user involvement in the design process. Although many studies have highlighted the importance of user involvement for the quality of both process and final product, the term still lacks a clear definition and different models describe diverse involvement levels, which are detrimental to the advancement of knowledge in the area. The present study focused on the mapping of definitions of user involvement and comparisons of the different proposals of involvement levels for outlining a clear definition of the term, based on the levels of involvement, and contributing to the consolidation of the theory of user involvement in the field of architectural design.  Moreover, this research assists architects to find the most appropriate level of user involvement for the design they are developing, improving the practice of involving users in the design process.
Análise do desempenho das melhores práticas de manejo para constituição de corredores verdes em Fortaleza -CE.
Authors: Cortez Raquel Moraes Vitor , Moura Newton Celio Becker de , Machado Clara De Oliveira Jucá
Published: September 2019

A Avenida Aguanambi, situada na cidade de Fortaleza, CE, é conhecida pela suscetibilidade a alagamentos em períodos chuvosos. A infraestrutura verde é uma importante alternativa para complementar a convencional e consolidar a resiliência urbana nas vias. Com o objetivo principal de propor a implantação de corredores verdes no sistema viário de Fortaleza, CE, foi desenvolvido um método de análise do desempenho das melhores práticas de manejo em corredores de mobilidade. As técnicas de manejo foram distribuídas com base na hierarquia viária estabelecida pela Lei de Parcelamento, Uso e Ocupação do Solo. A precipitação admitida para a cidade foi de 65,2mm/h com tempo de retorno de dez anos. As biovaletas apresentaram melhor desempenho em vias expressas e arteriais, de maior porte; os jardins de chuva e canteiros pluviais responderam melhor em vias coletoras e locais, consideradas de menor porte.
Variable Presentations and Ablation Sites for Manifest Nodoventricular/Nodofascicular Fibers
Authors: Nazer Babak , Walters Tomos E. , Dewland Thomas A. , Naniwadekar Aditi , Koruth Jacob S. , Najeeb Osman Mohammed , Intini Anselma , Chen Minglong , Biermann Jurgen , Steinfurt Johannes , Kalman Jonathan M. , Tanel Ronn E. , Lee Byron K. , Badhwar Nitish , Gerstenfeld Edward P. , Scheinman Melvin M.
Published: September 2019

Background:

Nodofascicular and nodoventricular (NFV) accessory pathways connect the atrioventricular node and the Purkinje system or ventricular myocardium, respectively. Concealed NFV pathways participate as the retrograde limb of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Manifest NFV pathways can comprise the anterograde limb of wide-complex SVT but are quite rare. The purpose of this report is to highlight the electrophysiological properties and sites of ablation for manifest NFV pathways.

Methods:

Eight patients underwent electrophysiology studies for wide-complex tachycardia (3), for narrow-complex tachycardia (1), and preexcitation (4).

Results:

NFV was an integral part of the SVT circuit in 3 patients. Cases 1 to 2 were wide-complex tachycardia because of manifest NFV SVT. Case 3 was a bidirectional NFV that conducted retrograde during concealed NFV SVT and anterograde causing preexcitation during atrial pacing. NFV was a bystander during atrioventricular node re-entrant tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and orthodromic atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia in 4 cases and caused only preexcitation in 1. Successful NFV ablation was achieved empirically in the slow pathway region in 1 case. In 5 cases, the ventricular insertion was mapped to the slow pathway region (2 cases) or septal right ventricle (3 cases). The NFV was not mapped in cases 5 and 7 because of its bystander role. QRS morphology of preexcitation predicted the right ventricle insertion sites in 4 of the 5 cases in which it was mapped. During follow-up, 1 patient noted recurrent palpitations but no documented SVT.

Conclusions:

Manifest NFV may be critical for wide-complex tachycardia/manifest NFV SVT, act as the retrograde limb for narrow-complex tachycardia/concealed NFV SVT, or cause bystander preexcitation. Ablation should initially target the slow pathway region, with mapping of the right ventricle insertion site if slow pathway ablation is not successful. The QRS morphology of maximal preexcitation may be helpful in predicting successful right ventricle ablation site.
Regression of Left Ventricular Mass in Athletes Undergoing Complete Detraining Is Mediated by Decrease in Intracellular but Not Extracellular Compartments
Authors: Swoboda Peter P. , Garg Pankaj , Levelt Eylem , Broadbent David A. , Zolfaghari-Nia Ashkun , Foley A. James R. , Fent Graham J. , Chew Pei G. , Brown Louise A. , Saunderson Christopher E. , Dall’Armellina Erica , Greenwood John P. , Plein Sven
Published: September 2019

Background:

Athletic cardiac remodeling can occasionally be difficult to differentiate from pathological hypertrophy. Detraining is a commonly used diagnostic test to identify physiological hypertrophy, which can be diagnosed if hypertrophy regresses. We aimed to establish whether athletic cardiac remodeling assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance is mediated by changes in intracellular or extracellular compartments and whether this occurs by 1 or 3 months of detraining.

Methods:

Twenty-eight athletes about to embark on a period of forced detraining due to incidental limb bone fracture underwent clinical assessment, ECG, and contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance within a week of their injury and then 1 month and 3 months later.

Results:

After 1 month of detraining, there was reduction in left ventricular (LV) mass (130±28 to 121±25 g;
P
<0.0001), increase in native T1 (1225±30 to 1239±30 ms;
P
=0.02), and extracellular volume fraction (24.5±2.3% to 26.0±2.6%;
P
=0.0007) with no further changes by 3 months. The decrease in LV mass was mediated by a decrease in intracellular compartment volume (94±22 to 85±19 mL;
P
<0.0001) with no significant change in the extracellular compartment volume. High LV mass index, low native T1, and low extracellular volume fraction at baseline were all predictive of regression in LV mass in the first month.

Conclusions:

Regression of athletic LV hypertrophy can be detected after just 1 month of complete detraining and is mediated by a decrease in the intracellular myocardial compartment with no change in the extracellular compartment. Further studies are needed in athletes with overt and pathological hypertrophy to establish whether native T1 and extracellular volume fraction may complement electrocardiography, echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and genetic testing in predicting the outcome of detraining.
Decomposing Generalization: Models of Generic, Habitual, and Episodic Statements
Authors: Govindarajan Venkata , Durme Benjamin Van , White Aaron Steven
Published: September 2019

We present a novel semantic framework for modeling linguistic expressions of generalization— generic, habitual, and episodic statements—as combinations of simple, real-valued referential properties of predicates and their arguments. We use this framework to construct a dataset covering the entirety of the Universal Dependencies English Web Treebank. We use this dataset to probe the efficacy of type-level and token-level information—including hand-engineered features and static (GloVe) and contextual (ELMo) word embeddings—for predicting expressions of generalization.
Weakly Supervised Domain Detection
Authors: Xu Yumo , Lapata Mirella
Published: September 2019

In this paper we introduce domain detection as a new natural language processing task. We argue that the ability to detect textual segments that are domain-heavy (i.e., sentences or phrases that are representative of and provide evidence for a given domain) could enhance the robustness and portability of various text classification applications. We propose an encoder-detector framework for domain detection and bootstrap classifiers with multiple instance learning. The model is hierarchically organized and suited to multilabel classification. We demonstrate that despite learning with minimal supervision, our model can be applied to text spans of different granularities, languages, and genres. We also showcase the potential of domain detection for text summarization.
Massively Multilingual Sentence Embeddings for Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Transfer and Beyond
Authors: Artetxe Mikel , Schwenk Holger
Published: September 2019

We introduce an architecture to learn joint multilingual sentence representations for 93 languages, belonging to more than 30 different families and written in 28 different scripts. Our system uses a single BiLSTM encoder with a shared byte-pair encoding vocabulary for all languages, which is coupled with an auxiliary decoder and trained on publicly available parallel corpora. This enables us to learn a classifier on top of the resulting embeddings using English annotated data only, and transfer it to any of the 93 languages without any modification. Our experiments in cross-lingual natural language inference (XNLI data set), cross-lingual document classification (MLDoc data set), and parallel corpus mining (BUCC data set) show the effectiveness of our approach. We also introduce a new test set of aligned sentences in 112 languages, and show that our sentence embeddings obtain strong results in multilingual similarity search even for low- resource languages. Our implementation, the pre-trained encoder, and the multilingual test set are available at https://github.com/facebookresearch/LASER .
Kill Your Favorite Dish: Examining the Role of New Carnivorism in Perpetuating Meat Eating
Authors: Madsen Mathias Elrød , Leth-Espensen Marie
Published: September 2019

Scholars and activists opposing the killing of nonhuman animals have long shared the assumption that the invisibility of the animals killed for meat is one of the most significant factors when it comes to explaining how meat eating is perpetuated. However, a recent tendency towards a new visibility of these animals and their physical transformation into meat fundamentally challenges this assumption. The present paper addresses this discrepancy by examining an example of what has been described as “New Carnivorism” in the form of a Danish TV show called Kill Your Favorite Dish. The paper finds that in the show, visibility is in fact instrumental in justifying meat eating, as it is constitutive of a complex narrative about awareness, authenticity, pleasure, and respect. This points to a need for more nuanced understandings of how invisibility and visibility of nonhuman animals are at work in enabling the continuance of meat eating.
Systematics of Paraleucopis Malloch with proposal of Paraleucopidae, a new family of acalyptrate Diptera
Authors: WHEELER TERRY A. , SINCLAIR BRADLEY J.
Published: September 2019

Paraleucopidae Wheeler fam. nov. is proposed for the previously unplaced New World genera Paraleucopis Malloch, Mallochianamyia Santos-Neto and Schizostomyia Malloch and undescribed Australian species. A key to genera of Paraleucopidae is provided. Paraleucopis is revised and includes nine species: P. auripes Wheeler & Sinclair sp. nov. (type locality: Andalgala, Argentina); P. bispinosa Wheeler & Sinclair sp. nov. (type locality: Socos, Coquimbo, Chile); P. boharti Wheeler & Sinclair sp. nov. (type locality: Andalgala, Argentina); P. boydensis Steyskal (type locality: nr. Palm Desert, California, USA); P. corvina Malloch (type species of genus; type locality: New Mexico, USA); P. mexicana Steyskal (type locality: Kino Bay, Mexico); P. nigra Wheeler & Sinclair sp. nov. (type locality: Portal, Arizona, USA); P. paraboydensis Wheeler & Sinclair sp. nov. (type locality: Willis Palms Oasis, California, USA); P. saguaro Wheeler & Sinclair sp. nov. (type locality: Usery Mtn Park, Arizona, USA). A key to the species of Paraleucopis is provided. The distribution of Paraleucopis is disjunct, with six species in the western United States and northwestern Mexico and three species in northern Chile and northern Argentina.                The sister group and superfamilial assignment of the Paraleucopidae cannot be established based on current knowledge although the family has affinities to some families of the Asteioinea sensu J.F. McAlpine. A well-supported hypothesis on the relationships of the families of the Acalyptratae will be required before the sister group relationships of Paraleucopidae can be determined.
Redefinition of Cornexcisia Fan & Kano, 2000 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with the first description of the female of Sarcophaga kurahashii (Shinonaga & Tumrasvin, 1979)
Authors: WANG CHAO , GAO YUNYUN , PAPE THOMAS , ZHANG DONG
Published: September 2019

Sarcophaga Meigen, 1826 is proposed as a senior synonym of Cornexcisia Fan & Kano, 2000, syn. nov. and Fanzideia Xue, Verves & Du, 2011, syn. nov. Cornexcisia Fan & Kano, 2000, stat. rev. is given status as a subgenus and is considered a senior synonym of Fanzideia Xue, Verves & Du, 2011, syn. nov. at the subgeneric level. Cornexcisia is argued to contain S. (Cornexcisia) longicornuta (Fan & Kano, 2000), comb. nov., S. (C.) cygnocerca (Xue, Verves & Du, 2011), comb. nov., S. (C.) kurahashii (Shinonaga & Tumrasvin, 1979), subgen. comb. nov. (from Phallosphaera Rohdendorf) and S. (C.) suthep Pape & Bänziger, 2003, subgen. comb. nov. (from Rosellea Rohdendorf). Sarcophaga (C.) kurahashii is newly recorded from China (Yunnan), the male is redescribed and the female is described for the first time, supported by photographs, illustrations and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences. Species of Cornexcisia share an exceptionally long postpedicel in the female and the following apomorphic distiphallic appendages in the male: juxta ventro-proximally with an apically divided arm with cuticular pile, and lateral styli bifurcated from the base with each branch elongate, gently curved and slightly expanded apically. A key to the species of Cornexcisia is provided.
Observed Changes in Extreme Temperature over the Global Land Based on a Newly Developed Station Daily Dataset
Authors: Zhang Panfeng , Ren Guoyu , Xu Yan , Wang Xiaolan L. , Qin Yun , Sun Xiubao , Ren Yuyu
Published: September 2019

This paper presents an analysis of changes in global land extreme temperature indices (1951–2015) based on the new global land surface daily air temperature dataset recently developed by the China Meteorological Administration (CMA). The linear trends of the gridpoint time series and global land mean time series were calculated by using a Mann–Kendall method that accounts for the lag-1 autocorrelation in the time series of annual extreme temperature indices. The results, which are generally consistent with previous studies, showed that the global land average annual and seasonal mean extreme temperature indices series all experienced significant long-term changes associated with warming, with cold threshold indices (frost days, icing days, cold nights, and cold days) decreasing, warm threshold indices (summer days, tropical nights, and warm days) increasing, and all absolute indices (TXx, TXn, TNx, and TNn) also increasing, over the last 65 years. The extreme temperature indices series based on daily minimum temperatures generally had a stronger and more significant trend than those based on daily maximum temperatures. The strongest warming occurred after the mid-1970s, and a few extreme temperature indices showed no significant trend over the period from 1951 to the mid-1970s. Most parts of the global land experienced significant warming trends over the period 1951–2015 as a whole, and the largest trends appeared in mid- to high latitudes of the Eurasian continent.
Influence of Track Changes on the Poleward Shift of LMI Location of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Wang Ruifang , Wu Liguang
Published: September 2019

The annual mean latitude at which tropical cyclones (TCs) reach their lifetime maximum intensity (LMI) over the western North Pacific Ocean basin has shifted northward since the early 1980s, and it is suggested that the shift is due to the northward migration of the mean TC formation location. In this study, the TC intensity is simulated with an intensity model to assess the historical records of TC intensity. During the period 1980–2015, the simulated poleward trend in the mean latitude of LMI is 0.44° (10 yr)−1, which agrees well with the one [0.48° (10 yr)−1] derived from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) dataset. This suggests that the observed poleward trend in the mean latitude of LMI is physically consistent with changes in the large-scale ocean–atmosphere environment and TC track. This study also demonstrates that the temporal change in the environmental parameters (sea surface temperature, outflow temperature, vertical wind shear, and ocean mixed layer depth) has little influence on the observed shift of the mean LMI latitude. The poleward migration of the mean LMI latitude is mainly due to the TC track shift, which results primarily from the change in the large-scale steering flow.
Assessment of wind energy potential across varying topographical features of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Rehman Shafiqur , Natarajan Narayanan , Vasudevan Mangottiri , Alhems Luai M
Published: September 2019

Wind energy is one of the abundant, cheap and fast-growing renewable energy sources whose intensive extraction potential is still in immature stage in India. This study aims at the determination and evaluation of wind energy potential of three cities located at different elevations in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The historical records of wind speed, direction, temperature and pressure were collected for three South Indian cities, namely Chennai, Erode and Coimbatore over a period of 38 years (1980-2017). The mean wind power density was observed to be highest at Chennai (129 W/m2) and lowest at Erode (76 W/m2) and the corresponding mean energy content was highest for Chennai (1129 kWh/m2/year) and lowest at Erode (666 kWh/m2/year). Considering the events of high energy-carrying winds at Chennai, Erode and Coimbatore, maximum wind power density were estimated to be 185 W/m2, 190 W/m2 and 234 W/m2, respectively. The annual average net energy yield and annual average net capacity factor were selected as the representative parameters for expressing strategic wind energy potential at geographically distinct locations having significant variation in wind speed distribution. Based on the analysis, Chennai is found to be the most suitable site for wind energy production followed by Coimbatore and Erode.
Effect of resected length in reconstructive surgery for tracheobronchial injury
Authors: Vu Huu Vinh , Huynh Quang Khanh , Nguyen Viet Dang Quang , Thi Chau Phu , Khoi Nguyen Van
Published: September 2019

Background

Mechanical injury to the trachea and bronchi may cause mild to severe stenosis requiring surgical intervention for reconstructing the damaged trachea. The location, length, and cause of injury are important factors affecting the surgical outcome.

Method

We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the results of reconstructive surgery on noncancerous tracheobronchial lesions in 75 patients aged 5–55 years who had undergone reconstructive tracheobronchial surgery in our hospital from 2009 to 2018.

Results

The causes of tracheobronchial injury included blunt trauma in 38 patients, sharp penetrating trauma in 24, a postintubation lesion in 6, a post-tracheotomy lesion in 3, tuberculosis in 3, and an adult congenital lesion in one. In 59 cases of a lesion in the trachea, the length of missing segment before reconnection was 1–2 cm in 6 cases, 3 cm in 22, 4 cm in 18, 5 cm in 13, and >5.5 cm in 1 case. The length of the resected segment was <5.5 cm in all survivors, whereas one death occurred when the resected length was approximately 6 cm.

Conclusions

The length of the resected segment and precision of the surgery are crucial for determining the outcome of surgery.
Using the TASC Wheel in one-day-a-week class for gifted students: Project Art
Authors: Persons Marij , de Groot Yvonne , Stoffels-Engering Anneke
Published: September 2019

We work as teachers in one-day-a-week classes for gifted elementary school students in the Netherlands. The classes are centred on themes that last about 8 weeks. Twice a year, the students work on a project using the TASC Wheel to systematically gain more knowledge on the subject as well as to practise their executive skills. As an example of good practice, we here describe the Art project that we have recently worked on with one of our groups containing 13 gifted students aged 10–12 years who attend one full day class a week.
The Re-emergence of African Spiritualities: Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Nweke Kizito Chinedu , Okpaleke Ikenna Paschal
Published: September 2019

Indigenous spiritualities among Africans, both in Africa and in the diaspora, are flourishing. In Lagos, Nigeria, for example, shrines compete with churches and mosques in adherents and positions. Beyond Africa, the rise of African spiritualities has become conspicuous. Reasons range from Afrocentrism to anti-religious tendencies to the popular religions, from racial animosity to politico-economic ideologies, yet insufficient attention is being paid to this new Afro-spiritualities. Can this renaissance in African spirituality bring forth or support a renaissance in Africa? Africa arguably domesticates the future of humanity. From ecological perspectives to the productivity of offspring, from economic potentials to viable youths for the future, Africa must become progressively discursive in the global platform. A good way to indulge in this would be to understand the spirit of Africa, in the traditional spiritualities that constructed orientations and worldviews of the people. Understanding and addressing African spiritualities constitute an important key in understanding the African identity.
High long-term test–retest reliability for extrastriatal 11C-raclopride binding in healthy older adults
Authors: Karalija Nina , Jonassson Lars , Johansson Jarkko , Papenberg Goran , Salami Alireza , Andersson Micael , Riklund Katrine , Nyberg Lars , Boraxbekk Carl-Johan
Published: September 2019

In vivo dopamine D2-receptor availability is frequently assessed with 11C-raclopride and positron emission tomography. Due to low signal-to-noise ratios for 11C-raclopride in areas with low D2 receptor densities, the ligand has been considered unreliable for measurements outside the dopamine-dense striatum. Intriguingly, recent studies show that extrastriatal 11C-raclopride binding potential (BPND) values are (i) reliably higher than in the cerebellum (where D2-receptor levels are negligible), (ii) correlate with behavior in the expected direction, and (iii) showed good test–retest reliability in a sample of younger adults. The present work demonstrates high seven-month test–retest reliability of striatal and extrastriatal 11C-raclopride BPND values in healthy, older adults (n = 27, age: 64–78 years). Mean 11C-raclopride BPND values were stable between test sessions in subcortical nuclei, and in frontal and temporal cortices (p > 0.05). Across all structures analyzed, intraclass correlation coefficients were high (0.85–0.96), absolute variability was low (mean: 4–8%), and coefficients of variance ranged between 9 and 25%. Furthermore, regional 11C-raclopride BPND values correlated with previously determined 18F-fallypride BPND values (ρ = 0.97 and 0.92 in correlations with and without striatal values, respectively, p < 0.01) and postmortem determined D2-receptor densities (including striatum: ρ = 0.92; p < 0.001; excluding striatum: ρ = 0.75; p = 0.067). These observations suggest that extrastriatal 11C-raclopride measurements represent a true D2 signal.