bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las imágenes en el pensamiento: algunas observaciones y comentarios críticos
Authors:   Universidad Veracruzana, Ibáñez Bernal Carlos
Published: October 2023

El propósito de estos comentarios al artículo-objetivo de Pardos (2017) es hacer algunas observaciones críticas sobre sus consideraciones sobre el papel que cumplen las imágenes como base estructural del pensamiento. Aunque en el artículo se presenta una tesis que bien pudiera iniciar una línea de investigación novedosa e importante, se juzga al mismo tiempo necesario precisar la naturaleza de las llamadas imágenes mentales, el tipo de evidencia necesaria para sostener su existencia, así como la necesidad teórica para construir entidades metafísicas para dar cuenta de los fenómenos tradicionalmente considerados como “imaginación”.
La relación entre el lenguaje y el pensamiento
Authors:   Universidad de los Andes, López Medina Juan Camilo , Sánchez Ávila Juan Sebastián ,   Universidad de los Andes, Giraldo Villa Adriana Marcela ,   Universidad de los Andes, Packer Martin John ,   Universidad de San Buenaventura, Cali
Published: October 2023

En este comentario sobre el artículo-objetivo de Pardos (2017), ofrecemos primero una síntesis de su relato histórico para aclarar el problema que él identifica en cómo la psicología ha tratado el concepto de imagen y además aclarar la solución que ofrece. Luego discutimos dos simplificaciones que Pardos hace cuando trata de vincular la obra de J. B. Watson y de L. S. Vygotsky con el fin de aclarar la relación entre el lenguaje y el pensamiento. Por último, pretendemos aclarar la manera en que Vygotsky ofreció una visión materialista del pensamiento y su relación con el lenguaje y, al hacerlo, cuestionó la suposición de que las representaciones mentales son las unidades básicas de ambas funciones psicológicas.
Representación y creación mental
Authors:   Universidad de Málaga, Martínez Freire Pascual F.
Published: October 2023

En primer lugar, tras hacer un recorrido por las nueve clases habituales de procesos mentales, se subraya la dificultad al tiempo que la necesidad de tales distinciones. En segundo lugar se agrupan todos esos procesos mentales bajo el rótulo de representaciones, término preferible al de imágenes, a la vez que se insiste en reservar la denominación de imagen para las imágenes creadoras. Finalmente se defiende la concepción del pensamiento como lenguaje, en cuanto sistema de representación, y asimismo se distingue este lenguaje interno (con base neurológica) de los diversos lenguajes públicos (con base en la conducta).
Las imágenes sonoras de los signos lingüísticos
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Pardos Peiro Antonio
Published: October 2023

Se responde a las principales objeciones formuladas por los autores de artículos-comentario al artículo-objetivo: “Las imágenes en el pensamiento”. Se describe con mayor profundidad la noción de imagen acústica, o imagen sonora, utilizada en el lenguaje interior y se insiste en la explicación de algunas de sus propiedades. Entre las objeciones que merecen mayor detenimiento estarían aquellas que hacen referencia a la participación de las imágenes en el pensamiento de las personas privadas de audición y a la velocidad de procesamiento de las imágenes icónicas de los signos lingüísticos en relación con la velocidad de procesamiento de las imágenes sonoras.
Reflexiones sobre las fortalezas humanas desde la perspectiva de género
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Eguiluz Romo Luz de Lourdes
Published: October 2023

En la investigación de Ovejero y Cardenal (2015) que nos ocupa, se busca conocer las fortalezas humanas desde una perspectiva de género. El estudio de las Fortalezas Humanas es algo que la psicología tradicional no había tomado en cuenta hasta que las investigaciones de Seligman y Peterson (2004) realizadas en diferentes culturas con tradiciones religiosas y formas de vida muy singulares, dieron oportunidad de clasificar y definir 24 Fortalezas Humanas, que son valoradas en todas las tradiciones, y que hacen que la vida valga la pena de vivirse. Ovejero y Cardenal (2015) en su artículo añaden la visión de género, una forma de mirar la realidad bastante actualizada, que permite ampliar además, el uso de métodos cualitativos.
Independencia entre uso de videojuegos y percepción de violencia en adolescentes de Cuernavaca
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Dorantes Argandar Gabriel , Molina Vega Luis Fernando ,   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos
Published: October 2023

La percepción de la violencia está determinada por un gran número de variables tanto contextuales como cognitivas. Los videojuegos son un estímulo contextual presente en aquellos niños que se desarrollan en un entorno urbano. Este estudio buscó determinar si el uso diario de los videojuegos tenía un efecto en la percepción de la violencia en el contexto de los niños cuernavacenses. Se estudió a 202 niños de una secundaria de este municipio, a través de un breve cuestionario. Se encontró que la percepción de la violencia es un constructo complejo que está determinado por sus diferentes escenarios, y que existe una relación entre estos escenarios que permitiría construir un modelo. Adicionalmente, se encontró que el uso de videojuegos por los niños no afecta la percepción de la violencia en su entorno.
Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Realidad actual
Authors:   Universidad de Sevilla, Moreno García Inmaculada
Published: October 2023

Se describen los ámbitos científicos y hallazgos acumulados en los últimos años sobre la dimensión Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT). Se analiza la realidad actual atendiendo a aspectos conceptuales; instrumentales; implicaciones clínicas, académicas, sociales; y la relación que mantiene el SCT con factores biológicos y conductuales. Los hallazgos revisados permiten comprender y situar esta dimensión en el contexto de la investigación sobre los individuos que, con sintomatología inatenta, se diferencian de aquellos que cumplen con los criterios diagnósticos para la presentación inatenta. Se concluye subrayando las limitaciones actuales en el conocimiento de esta dimensión y los ámbitos de desarrollo en el futuro.
Trastorno por Déficit de Atención y Tempo Cognitivo Lento
Authors:   Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Romero Ayuso Dulce María
Published: October 2023

El presente trabajo comenta el manuscrito sobre el Tempo Cognitivo Lento de Bernad y Servera (2016), en el que se proponen dos posibles perspectivas: su diferenciación como una entidad nosológica propia o como una dimensión psicológica transdiagnóstica, de interés especial en el diagnóstico diferencial del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención-subtipo inatento. Los problemas de modulación sensorial, caracterizados por un patrón de hiporrespuesta, podrían estar relacionados con la presentación de una menor velocidad de procesamiento y las características del Tempo Cognitivo Lento (SCT). Es fundamental la realización de estudios de cohortes que permitan entender el SCT, así como nuevos estudios que controlen variables que pueden ser confusas, como los tipos de trastornos psicopatológicos, nivel socioeconómico, número de ítems de inatención, entre otros. Finalmente, se señala la necesidad realizar estudios que permitan conocer con mayor profundidad la relación entre el SCT y el funcionamiento cognitivo y la vida cotidiana.
The Effect Of Traditional Game Approach On Improving Motivation And Learning Outcomes Of Physical Education
Authors: Amrullah Farid Adnan , Priyono Bambang , Pramono Harry
Published: October 2023

Traditional games are part of the culture and traditions of a society and play an important role in maintaining and preserving cultural heritage. In traditional games, there are elements of basic motion both locomotor, non-locomotor and motion manipulation. The method in this study using quantitative methods with one group Pretest-Posttest Design study design without using the control group. Data collection techniques or instruments used by researchers in the form of assessment of Psychomotor, affective and cognitive aspects of the traditional game approach.The results of traditional game approach research can be an effective alternative in improving the learning outcomes of health care providers. Traditional game approach can help improve the effectiveness of the motivation of students in learning health care, so it needs to be considered in the design of learning strategies.The conclusion of the traditional game approach can be used as learning to students with high motivation. This research is expected to be used as input for PJOK teachers in an effort to optimize physical education learning
Ảnh hưởng của ô nhiễm bom mìn đến phúc lợi hộ gia đình tại Việt Nam
Authors: Nguyễn Ngọc Thụy
Published: October 2023

Việt Nam là một quốc gia chịu ảnh hưởng nặng nề của chiến tranh và dư âm để lại là sự ô nhiễm nghiêm trọng của bom mìn, vật nổ. Tuy thế, có khá ít nghiên cứu xem xét ảnh hưởng của ô nhiễm bom mìn đến phúc lợi hộ gia đình tại Việt Nam. Vì vậy, nghiên cứu đóng góp vào tổng quan bằng việc cung cấp những bằng chứng định lượng đầu tiên về chủ đề này. Sử dụng mô hình kinh tế lượng vi mô với dữ liệu ô nhiễm bom mìn và điều tra mức sống dân cư tại Việt Nam năm 2018 và 2020, nghiên cứu phát hiện ra rằng ô nhiễm bom mìn có tác động tiêu cực đối với thu nhập của các hộ gia đình. Ô nhiễm bom mìn cũng ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng đến sinh kế nông nghiệp, từ đó làm giảm thu nhập của các hộ gia đình. Kết quả hàm ý rằng làm sạch ô nhiễm do bom mìn là một vấn đề cấp bách để xây dựng một môi trường an toàn và bền vững cho tất cả mọi người.
A resistência bacteriana à antimicrobianos na pandemia da covid-19
Authors: Correia Baumgartner Alexsandra , Kaefer Fernanda , Kelly Sabec Pereira Dayane
Published: October 2023

A covid-19 afeta as células do trato respiratório inferior, o que provoca uma cascata inflamatória no organismo. Diante destas infecções, compete ao sistema imunológico a eliminação de agentes patógenos, a fim de recuperar a homeostasia celular e reparação tecidual. Quando há uma falha nesta via, esse sistema encontra uma série de dificuldades para a retomada do equilíbrio, uma delas pode ser ocasionada por infecções secundárias, o que gera complicações clínicas adicionais. Assim, esta pesquisa tem por intuito abordar aspectos como a prevalência e incidências das principais cepas de bactérias encontradas em pacientes hospitalizados com covid-19 em um hospital da região Oeste do Paraná e avaliar a farmacoterapia prevalente empregada para o tratamento     dos pacientes. A metodologia deste estudo consiste em um estudo observacional transversal com recrutamento retrospectivo a partir da coleta de dados em prontuários de pacientes que foram internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital privado no Oeste Paraná no período entre janeiro e outubro de 2021. De acordo com os resultados encontrados, observou-se a realização do exame de antibiograma em mais de 70% dos pacientes internados no período da pesquisa, a utilização de antimicrobianos foi realizada de modo empírico, mesmo em casos nos quais, não houve crescimento bacteriano identificado, a ceftriaxona e azitromicina foram os fármacos mais utilizados de modo individual e associado.
Student-Teacher Experience and Teacher-Student Exchange in Times of Uncertainty: Lessons From Covid-19
Authors: Touaiti Balsam , Ben Khallouk Abdelhafid
Published: October 2023

Remote learning is increasingly normalized in the education sector after the global coronavirus pandemic. Specifically, multicultural business schools can only adapt to the “new normal” if they globally understand how students and teachers are experiencing remote education. Recognizing the new dynamic between students and teachers is thus becoming ever more relevant. We conducted two studies to (1) explore the students’ and teachers’ experiences of remote learning and teaching and (2) examine the influence of teacher-student exchange on key outcomes previously explored. The first study is a netnographic exploration of the remote learning-teaching experience through 397 observations from eighty-three countries during Covid-19. Our first study’s findings suggest that students-teachers are experiencing remote learning-teaching through six dimensions operated within a three-axis framework. Considering these findings, the second study tests the impact of teacher-student exchange on students’ emotional exhaustion, learning performance, and emotional consonance in a business school multicultural sample. Our findings suggest that social exchange reduces students’ emotional exhaustion and increases their emotional consonance differently across cultures.
The Effect of Learner Autonomy and Institutional Support System on Agile Learners, Independence, and Work Readiness of Students Participating in the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka Program
Authors: Antara Putu Aditya , Widiana I Wayan , Komang Setemen , Tegeh I Made , Adijaya Made Aryawan
Published: October 2023

This study aimed at analyzing the effect of learner autonomy and institutional support systems on agile learners, independence, and work readiness of students in higher education. The research used the Ex-Post Facto method. The sample was 240 students were chosen by using random sampling. The data collection method used in this study was a questionnaire. The validity test was conducted by six validators and resulted in a CVR of 1.00 and a CVI value of 1.00, therefore, was declared valid. The results of the overall item were valid and reliable. The results of the classical assumption test of prerequisite requirements and the results of the path analysis test revealed that student autonomy and institutional support systems obtained a value > 0.05 for students who were agile and had a greater value on student autonomy, education, and institutional support system through agile learners. In conclusion, student autonomy and institutional support systems had a direct effect on agile students and indirectly affect students’ independence and work readiness.
Indústria 4.0 e as inovações para a Engenharia Mecânica
Authors: Santos Lucas Fernando da Silva , Silva Eric Valero Carvalho da
Published: October 2023

Ao discutir inovação, a Indústria 4.0 emerge como um estágio avançado na Revolução Industrial, com potencial para estimular o crescimento econômico e o progresso. Devido a essa de produção em larga escala, houve um aumento na demanda por engenheiros mecânicos, isso ocorreu devido à crescente complexidade dos processos de produção, manutenção de máquinas e outros fatores Assim o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as inovações trazidas pela indústria 4.0 no ramo da engenharia mecânica, dentre essas inovações foi abordado também o impacto, desafios e benefícios da indústria 4.0 nessa área em questão; a manufatura no contexto dos princípios da indústria 4.0 e as ferramentas e tecnologias na aplicabilidade da manutenção. Na seção de resultados, foram abordados os tópicos delineados no objetivo, juntamente com a exploração mais detalhada de outras esferas relacionadas.  Para elaboração desta pesquisa foi feito um estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura. A competência contínua na adaptação do sistema produtivo é essencial para o sucesso na fabricação. Profissionais preparados para a Era 4.0 vislumbram um futuro promissor. Há demanda por indivíduos inovadores e habilidosos, com conhecimento técnico, enquanto as inovações da Revolução 4.0 desafiam diversas áreas, especialmente a engenharia. A engenharia mecânica mantém um papel crucial na indústria, enquanto a inteligência artificial otimiza processos. A relevância do fator humano persiste quando a IA não é suficiente. A mecânica continuará vital na Era 4.0, automatizando tarefas e permitindo abordagem em outras áreas.
VIRILIDADE MASCULINA NA VELHICE:
Authors: Moratelli Valmir
Published: October 2023

RESUMO: O artigo discute as representações da masculinidade, utilizando o conceito de Stuart Hall (2016), a partir de três personagens idosos interpretados pelo ator Antônio Fagundes, nacionalmente conhecido e de sólida carreira, em distintas produções de ficção televisiva. São elas: Amor à vida, Velho Chico e Bom Sucesso, todas da TV Globo. A questão que guia o objetivo da discussão é investigar como a narrativa ficcional, com seus signos dialógicos e imagéticos, descreve personagens masculinos no envelhecimento nas respectivas tramas, com foco no exercício de sua sexualidade como forma de poder. Como resultados finais, são apontados que os significados masculinos relacionados à virilidade e ao poder se apresentam em unidade coesa, marcando continuidades estruturais da dominação masculina (Bordieu, 1998) na sociedade, apesar da questão etária evidenciada.
PESSOA IDOSA, ENVELHECIMENTO HUMANO E SAÚDE: REVISÃO NARRATIVA DE LITERATURA
Authors: Tomazinho Jesus Breno
Published: October 2023

Objetivo: revisar os estudos que contribuam para os entendimentos acerca da pessoa idosa, do envelhecimento e a saúde desses indivíduos. Método: a busca de estudos foi realizada em bases de dados relacionadas à área e na lista de referências dos artigos. Foram incluídos na revisão artigos originais publicador em periódicos peer-reviewed e estudos de intervenção transversais e longitudinais que investigaram a pessoa idosa, envelhecimento e a saúde, disponíveis nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, publicados a partir de janeiro de 2017 até 2022. Realizaram-se combinações entre os descritores mediante a utilização dos operadores booleanos “AND”e “OR”. Todo o processo de seleção e avaliação dos artigos foi efetuado por pares. Resultados: a seleção final analisada contou com 14 estudos. Os materiais foram incisivos quanto a busca pela promoção da saúde da pessoa idosa, e como ela é de extrema importância visto pelo prisma do aumento demográfico desses indivíduos principalmente no Brasil. Conclusão: os artigos mencionados nesta revisão trouxeram efeitos positivos da saúde no envelhecimento humano, e ressaltou as possibilidades de valorização de suas próprias experiências, se tornando indivíduos com autonomia.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA DOS IDOSOS HIPERTENSOS
Authors: Soares Acaz Petrus , Eduarda Ferreira Lima Maria , Ferreira Souza Marília , Pereira da Silva Rosimary , Emília Cavalcante Valença Fernandes Flávia
Published: October 2023

Segundo o Ministério da Saúde, considera-se pessoa idosa aquela com 60 anos ou mais de idade. Em geral, uma pequena parcela da população idosa tende a estar insatisfeita com sua vida, uma vez que ocorrem mudanças sociais, como a aposentadoria, a saída do mercado de trabalho, a queda da funcionalidade e a mudança na autoimagem. Por conseguinte, essa faixa etária é suscetível a doenças inerentes, destacando-se a Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS). Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar se a Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica causa alteração na qualidade de vida dos idosos. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, onde foram realizadas buscas na base de dados LILACS. Foram incluídos artigos com desenho de estudo observacional, no idioma português, sem limite de data de publicação, com amostras de idosos com idade maior que 60 anos. Foram encontrados 58 artigos/publicações, dos quais foram incluídos 7 artigos/publicações para a síntese qualitativa. Este estudo oferece evidências sobre os impactos que a HAS causa na vida dos idosos. Em conclusão, com base em sete estudo observacionais do tipo transversal, há evidências que a qualidade de vida sofre impacto negativo em idosos com hipertensão arterial, quando este não estão inseridos em programas que promovam a qualidade de vida.
Educação popular e grupos escolares em Catalão: percalços e incongruências (1923-1959)
Authors: Santana Marco Antonio de , Barros Aparecida Maria Almeida , Fonseca Cleider Antônio da
Published: October 2023

O estudo aborda a demanda por educação popular nos grupos escolares em Catalão, município do Estado de Goiás, no período de criação dessas instituições que ocorreu no século XX. Considera-se o entrecruzamento dos discursos de progresso, desenvolvimento e modernização produtiva, motivados pela chegada da estrada de ferro na região, contrapondo o processo de instalação tardia dos primeiros grupos escolares. Tal estudo é subsidiado por uma base documental e bibliográfica, fundamentados em fontes históricas e políticas sobre as instituições escolares destinadas à educação popular. No exercício interpretativo analítico, evidenciam-se algumas incongruências nos discursos em torno do desenvolvimento preconizado no município, desvinculado do aparelhamento da instrução elementar pelo Estado. O movimento escolar reforça a pertinência de novos olhares sobre a educação, a fim de compreender os processos instituídos, questionar discursos que sedimentaram visões em torno de questões que ocultam velhos problemas, consoante a instalação dos grupos escolares com capacidade para absorver as demandas da crescente população.
Povos indígenas em contexto urbano: as tensões e os desafios na busca pela afirmação étnica na cidade
Authors: Vieira Carlos Magno Naglis , Naglis Suzana Gonçalves Batista
Published: October 2023

Na busca de abrir espaços e/ou trazer contribuições para as discussões que envolvem a presença dos povos indígenas em contexto urbano, este artigo parte da experiência de pesquisa dos autores com o objetivo de apresentar as tensões e os desafios dos povos indígenas que vivem na cidade, mais precisamente em Campo Grande (MS), na busca pela sua afirmação étnica. Amparado em uma metodologia de caráter qualitativo, o texto utilizou-se, além das observações realizadas nas aldeias indígenas, zona urbana da metrópole, também de entrevista com esse grupo, em sua maioria do povo Terena. Mesmo diante dos discursos hegemônicos produzidos que silenciam a diferença, o estudo mostra que o espaço da cidade tem sido local de resistência e afirmação étnica.
Biografia de Santa Giuseppina Bolis (1847-1916): contribuições para a História das Mulheres
Authors: Bernardi Manuela Ciconetto , Zen Daiane Dala , Luchese Terciane Ângela
Published: October 2023

Este trabalho objetiva compreender a biografia de Santa Giuseppina Bolis, oriunda da Península Itálica e emigrada ao Brasil ao final do século XIX, e as contribuições que sua história de vida promove para a História das Mulheres e a História da Educação. As análises partem de Perrot (2005) e Matos (1998), sobre o feminino, Carino (1999) e Roiz (2012), para questões biográficas, e Giron (2017) e Matos (2018), sobre o contexto migratório italiano. Para a construção, analisa-se a biografia de Santa (1847-1916), em seguida, os protagonismos, as lutas e os desafios enfrentados por ela e demais mulheres de sua época. Concluiu-se que há possibilidades para reflexão da História das Mulheres sob diferentes temporalidades, principalmente quanto aos padrões e às quebras de costumes, fatos que colocam em evidência a necessidade do debate de questões femininas históricas, para que possamos olhar para o passado, mas também transformá-lo no presente e futuro.
Ewing’s sarcoma of proximal femur: case report of extreme osteotomy with 3D-printed prosthesis for the reconstruction
Authors: Niu Xiaoying , Tian Wen , Liang Xiaoxiao , Yao Weitao , Zhang Peng
Published: October 2023

Background: Resection and reconstruction of malignant bone tumors at the proximal femur in adolescent patients has remained a clinical challenge. Considering the growth and development requirements of adolescents, there is no unified standard for the reconstruction of bone defects at the proximal femur. Here, we report a case of 3D-printed titanium alloy customized prosthesis for the construction of proximal femoral bone defects in an adolescent patient with Ewing’s sarcoma of the proximal femur.

Case presentation: A 7-year-old female patient presented to a local hospital with left hip pain, and was diagnosed with Ewing’s sarcoma on the proximal left femur. The patient received two courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery according to the standard protocol. Considering growth and development problems associated with adolescents, we adopted a customized 3D-printed prosthesis of proximal femur for preservation of the femoral head and part of the femoral neck in the affected limb. Clinical outcomes, recorded after 12 months of follow-up, revealed excellent functional recovery and satisfactory functional scores of the affected limb, with no immediate complications.

Conclusion: 3D-printed prosthesis is a feasible method for preserving femoral head and reconstruction of bone defects in adolescents’ proximal femur.
Gut microbiota causally affects cholelithiasis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Xin , Qi Xingsi , Han Rongshuang , Mao Tao , Tian Zibin
Published: October 2023

Background

The gut microbiota is closely linked to cholesterol metabolism-related diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases. However, whether gut microbiota plays a causal role in cholelithiasis remains unclear.

Aims

This study explored the causal relationship between gut microbiota and cholelithiasis. We hypothesize that the gut microbiota influences cholelithiasis development.

Methods

A two-sample Mendelian randomization method was combined with STRING analysis to test this hypothesis. Summary data on gut microbiota and cholelithiasis were obtained from the MiBioGen (n=13,266) and FinnGen R8 consortia (n=334,367), respectively.

Results

Clostridium senegalense, Coprococcus3, and Lentisphaerae increased the risk of cholelithiasis and expressed more bile salt hydrolases. In contrast, Holdemania, Lachnospiraceae UCG010, and Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 weakly expressed bile salt hydrolases and were implied to have a protective effect against cholelithiasis by Mendelian randomization analysis.

Conclusion

Gut microbiota causally influences cholelithiasis and may be related to bile salt hydrolases. This work improves our understanding of cholelithiasis causality to facilitate the development of treatment strategies.
Think global—act local: the challenge of producing actionable knowledge on transboundary climate risks at the sub-national level of governance
Authors: Aall Carlo , Holm Tara Botnen , Cauchy Adeline , Rudolf Florence , Harris Katy , Jansen Marta K. , Gobert Julie , Lager Frida , Arvis Blandine , Bour Muriel
Published: October 2023

A growing number of countries are putting transboundary climate risks on their national adaptation policy agenda. The designation of subnational governments as key actors in climate change adaptation policy appears to be appropriate when the risks associated with climate change are defined as “local.” In this study we have investigated whether local authorities can plausibly play an equally central role when it comes to transboundary climate risks. Three cases have been studied: Paris in France and the topic of migration and integration, Klepp in Norway and the topic of agriculture and livestock production, and the river harbors in the Upper Rhine region of France and the topic of freight transportation and river regulation. Even if the sub-national actors involved in the three cases showed strong interest in analyzing and addressing transboundary climate risks, it remains an open question whether such authorities can and should play an equally central role in addressing transboundary climate risks as they do in the case of local climate risks. On the other hand, assigning responsibility for managing transboundary climate risks exclusively to national authorities may increase the risk of conflicts between measures to reduce local climate risks (frequently developed and implemented by sub-national authorities) and transboundary climate risks. The authors of this paper therefore advocate a strong partnership between the different levels of governance, and between public and private-sector stakeholders, in adaptation to transboundary climate risk. It is therefore crucial that national governments explicitly account for transboundary climate risks in their national adaptation agendas and, as part of their process in determining “ownership” of such risks, decide on the role sub-national authorities should play. This choice will also affect the role of local authorities in managing local climate risks due to the interlinkages between them.
The association between outdoor air pollution and body mass index, central obesity, and visceral adiposity index among middle-aged and elderly adults: a nationwide study in China
Authors: Pan Wei , Wang Menglong , Hu Yingying , Lian Zhengqi , Cheng Haonan , Qin Juan-Juan , Wan Jun
Published: October 2023

Background

Previous animal studies have suggested that air pollution (AP) exposure may be a potential risk factor for obesity; however, there is limited epidemiological evidence available to describe the association of obesity with AP exposure.

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 11,766 participants across mainland China in 2015. Obesity was assessed using body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and visceral adiposity index (VAI). The space-time extremely randomized tree (STET) model was used to estimate the concentration of air pollutants, including SO2, NO2, O3, PM1, PM2.5, and PM10, matched to participants’ residential addresses. Logistic regression models were employed to estimate the associations of obesity with outdoor AP exposure. Further stratified analysis was conducted to evaluate whether sociodemographics or lifestyles modified the effects.

Results

Increased AP exposure was statistically associated with increased odds of obesity. The odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of BMI-defined obesity were 1.21 (1.17, 1.26) for SO2, 1.33 (1.26, 1.40) for NO2, 1.15 (1.10, 1.21) for O3, 1.38 (1.29, 1.48) for PM1, 1.19 (1.15, 1.22) for PM2.5, and 1.11 (1.09, 1.13) for PM10 per 10 μg/m3 increase in concentration. Similar results were found for central obesity. Stratified analyses suggested that elderly participants experienced more adverse effects from all 6 air pollutants than middle-aged participants. Furthermore, notable multiplicative interactions were found between O3 exposure and females as well as second-hand smokers in BMI-defined obesity.

Conclusions

This study suggested that outdoor AP exposure had a significant association with the risk of obesity in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese population. Elderly individuals and women may be more vulnerable to AP exposure.
Constructing a prognostic model for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma based on glucose metabolism related genes
Authors: Liu Yu , Liu Nana , Zhou Xue , Zhao Lingqiong , Wei Wei , Hu Jie , Luo Zhibin
Published: October 2023

Background

Glucose metabolism (GM) plays a crucial role in cancer cell proliferation, tumor growth, and survival. However, the identification of glucose metabolism-related genes (GMRGs) for effective prediction of prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) is still lacking.

Methods

We conducted differential analysis between HNSC and Normal groups to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Key module genes were obtained using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Intersection analysis of DEGs, GMRGs, and key module genes identified GMRG-DEGs. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to screen prognostic-associated genes. Independent prognostic analysis of clinical traits and risk scores was implemented using Cox regression. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to explore functional pathways and genes between high- and low-risk groups. Immune infiltration analysis compared immune cells between the two groups in HNSC samples. Drug prediction was performed using the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database. Quantitative real-time fluorescence PCR (qRT-PCR) validated the expression levels of prognosis-related genes in HNSC patients.

Results

We identified 4973 DEGs between HNSC and Normal samples. Key gene modules, represented by black and brown module genes, were identified. Intersection analysis revealed 76 GMRG-DEGs. Five prognosis-related genes (MTHFD2, CDKN2A, TPM2, MPZ, and DNMT1) were identified. A nomogram incorporating age, lymph node status (N), and risk score was constructed for survival prediction in HNSC patients. Immune infiltration analysis showed significant differences in five immune cell types (Macrophages M0, memory B cells, Monocytes, Macrophages M2, and Dendritic resting cells) between the high- and low-risk groups. GDSC database analysis identified 53 drugs with remarkable differences between the groups, including A.443654 and AG.014699. DNMT1 and MTHFD2 were up-regulated, while MPZ was down-regulated in HNSC.

Conclusion

Our study highlights the significant association of five prognosis-related genes (MTHFD2, CDKN2A, TPM2, MPZ, and DNMT1) with HNSC. These findings provide further evidence of the crucial role of GMRGs in HNSC.
“Forest is integral to life”: people-forest relations in the lower river region, the Gambia
Authors: Darboe Sarata , Manneh Lamin , Stryamets Nataliya , Prūse Baiba , Pieroni Andrea , Sõukand Renata , Mattalia Giulia
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Forests play a crucial role in the lives of millions of people worldwide by providing material and non-material contributions. Despite forests’ paramount importance from ecological, economic, and cultural perspectives, the long-term relationship between forests and local communities living in their proximity is often an undervalued contribution to our understanding of local ecological knowledge systems and forest changes.

Methods

We studied the interrelationships between the Mandinka peoples and forests in an understudied area of West Africa, the Gambia’s Lower River Region (LRR). Through 35 semi-structured interviews, we documented the forests’ contributions to local Mandinka peoples and their perception of forest changes. We also used geographic information systems (GIS software) for remote sensing satellite imagery to establish a baseline for these complex connections and changes.

Results

This research revealed the crucial importance of the forest’s contributions to Mandinka communities and specifically to their psychological well-being. In addition, the interviewees revealed how ongoing socio-economic changes are affecting the human-forest relationship and possibly eroding the local ethnoforestry knowledge in the LRR of the Gambia. The most common forest contributions are those that provide material goods, serving as the driving force in connecting people with the forest, while non-material contributions are eroding due to complex socio-economic changes. Major socio-economic changes are also believed to drive the shift from dense forest to mixed forest and grassland.

Discussion

In line with the state of the art, the knowledge and perception of changes documented in this article underline the quintessential need to include local communities’ views in shaping forest management, in order to better fine-tune the strategies to safeguard biocultural diversity across forest areas.
Risk of head and neck cancer in relation to blood inflammatory biomarkers in the Swedish AMORIS cohort
Authors: Yang Yanping , Liang Yushan , Sadeghi Fatemeh , Feychting Maria , Hamar Niklas , Fang Fang , Zhang Zhe , Liu Qianwei
Published: October 2023

Background

Inflammation is critically involved in the development of human cancer, and blood inflammatory biomarkers have been proposed to indicate the risk of different cancer types.

Methods

Using the Swedish Apolipoprotein-Related Mortality Risk (AMORIS) Cohort (N=812,073), we first performed a time-to-event analysis to evaluate the association of the baseline level of 12 blood inflammatory biomarkers measured during 1985-1996 with the subsequent risk of head and neck cancer (HNC) identified through the nationwide Swedish Cancer Register until end of 2020. A nested case-control study was further conducted to demonstrate the longitudinal trends of the studied biomarkers during the 30-year period prior to diagnosis of HNC.

Results

In the time-to-event analysis, we identified a total of 2,510 newly diagnosed HNC cases. There was an increased risk of HNC per standard deviation (SD) increase of haptoglobin (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-1.30), leukocytes (HR: 1.22; 95%CI: 1.17-1.28), sedimentation rate (HR: 1.17; 95%CI: 1.07-1.29), and monocytes (HR: 1.34; 95%CI: 1.07-1.68) at baseline, after adjustment for age, sex, fasting status, occupational status, and country of birth. In contrast, there was a decreased risk of HNC per SD increase of lymphocytes in % (HR: 0.85; 95%CI: 0.73-0.99) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) (HR: 0.81; 95%CI: 0.69-0.95) at baseline. In the nested case-control study using repeatedly measured biomarker levels, we found that individuals with HNC had consistently higher levels of haptoglobin, leukocytes, sedimentation rate, and monocytes, as well as consistently lower levels of lymphocytes in % and LMR, during the 30-year period prior to diagnosis, compared to controls.

Conclusion

Based on a cohort of more than half a million participants with up to 35 years of follow-up, our findings provide solid evidence supporting the presence of alterations in blood inflammatory biomarkers during the decades before diagnosis of HNC.
Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase-3 deficiency suppresses the growth of immunogenic tumors in mice
Authors: Wei Heng , Naruse Chie , Takakura Daisuke , Sugihara Kazushi , Pan Xuchi , Ikeda Aki , Kawasaki Nana , Asano Masahide
Published: October 2023

Background

Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase-3 (B4GALT3) belongs to the family of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferases (B4GALTs) and is responsible for the transfer of UDP-galactose to terminal N-acetylglucosamine. B4GALT3 is differentially expressed in tumors and adjacent normal tissues, and is correlated with clinical prognosis in several cancers, including neuroblastoma, cervical cancer, and bladder cancer. However, the exact role of B4GALT3 in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) remains unclear. Here, we aimed to elucidate the function of B4GALT3 in the TIME.

Methods

To study the functions of B4GALT3 in cancer immunity, either weakly or strongly immunogenic tumor cells were subcutaneously transplanted into wild-type (WT) and B4galt3 knockout (KO) mice. Bone marrow transplantation and CD8+ T cell depletion experiments were conducted to elucidate the role of immune cells in suppressing tumor growth in B4galt3 KO mice. The cell types and gene expression in the tumor region and infiltrating CD8+ T cells were analyzed using flow cytometry and RNA sequencing. N-glycosylated proteins from WT and B4galt3 KO mice were compared using the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based glycoproteomic approach.

Results

B4galt3 KO mice exhibited suppressed growth of strongly immunogenic tumors with a notable increase in CD8+ T cell infiltration within tumors. Notably, B4galt3 deficiency led to changes in N-glycan modification of several proteins, including integrin alpha L (ITGAL), involved in T cell activity and proliferation. In vitro experiments suggested that B4galt3 KO CD8+ T cells were more susceptible to activation and displayed increased downstream phosphorylation of FAK linked to ITGAL.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that B4galt3 deficiency can potentially boost anti-tumor immune responses, largely through enhancing the influx of CD8+ T cells. B4GALT3 might be suppressing cancer immunity by synthesizing the glycan structure of molecules on the CD8+ T cell surface, as evidenced by the changes in the glycan structure of ITGAL in immune cells. Importantly, B4galt3 KO mice showed no adverse effects on growth, development, or reproduction, underscoring the potential of B4GALT3 as a promising and safe therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
Vat-photopolymerization of ceramic materials: exploring current applications in advanced multidisciplinary fields
Authors: Fiume Elisa , Coppola Bartolomeo , Montanaro Laura , Palmero Paola
Published: October 2023

Additive manufacturing has brought about a real revolution in the manufacture of objects in a variety of application areas, overturning the traditional paradigm based on subtractive approaches. The potential benefits deriving from the application of these techniques in the field of ceramic materials extend to different industrial sectors, leading to shorter, more accurate and cost-effective manufacturing processes. Within the present review, we provide a transversal analysis of the state-of-the-art of the applications of vat-photopolymerization technologies, namely, stereolithography and digital light processing in relevant technological industrial/research fields of our times, including biomedicine, energy, environment, space and aerospace, with a special focus on current trends and project-specific requirements. Unmet challenges and future developments will be discussed as well, providing readers a transfer of knowledge and “lessons learned” from one field to the other, being this approach aimed at the further growth of the technology towards its industrialization and market uptake.
Case report: Dendritic cell-cytokine induced killer cell therapy in subjects with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and peritoneal cancer
Authors: Mehling Brian , Wu DongCheng , O’Gorman Ellen , Sheridan Daniel , Santora Doreen , Mihályová Renata
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to characterize the safety and efficacy of DC-CIK therapy in two patients with previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia or peritoneal cancer, respectively. Participants had received conventional chemotherapy treatment for their specific cancers, and in addition, 1–2 treatments of DC-CIK therapy were administered to subjects over the course of 1 year. Subject A received an initial dosage of 3 intravenous infusions of DC-CIK therapy on three successive days and a repeat dosage 6 months later. Subject B received an initial dosage of 3 intravenous infusions of DC-CIK therapy on three successive days and received further chemotherapy after approximately 1 year. No treatment-related adverse events were reported, and both patients experienced favorable outcomes from the treatment, including enhanced treatment response, increased chemotherapy tolerance, and prolonged survival in comparison to typical 5-year survival rates.
Functional genetic variation in pe/ppe genes contributes to diversity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages and potential interactions with the human host
Authors: Gómez-González Paula Josefina , Grabowska Anna D. , Tientcheu Leopold D. , Tsolaki Anthony G. , Hibberd Martin L. , Campino Susana , Phelan Jody E. , Clark Taane G.
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Around 10% of the coding potential of Mycobacterium tuberculosisis constituted by two poorly understood gene families, the pe and ppe loci, thought to be involved in host-pathogen interactions. Their repetitive nature and high GC content have hindered sequence analysis, leading to exclusion from whole-genome studies. Understanding the genetic diversity of pe/ppe families is essential to facilitate their potential translation into tools for tuberculosis prevention and treatment.

Methods

To investigate the genetic diversity of the 169 pe/ppe genes, we performed a sequence analysis across 73 long-read assemblies representing seven different lineages of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG. Individual pe/ppe gene alignments were extracted and diversity and conservation across the different lineages studied.

Results

The pe/ppe genes were classified into three groups based on the level of protein sequence conservation relative to H37Rv, finding that >50% were conserved, with indels in pe_pgrs and ppe_mptr sub-families being major drivers of structural variation. Gene rearrangements, such as duplications and gene fusions, were observed between pe and pe_pgrs genes. Inter-lineage diversity revealed lineage-specific SNPs and indels.

Discussion

The high level of pe/ppe genes conservation, together with the lineage-specific findings, suggest their phylogenetic informativeness. However, structural variants and gene rearrangements differing from the reference were also identified, with potential implications for pathogenicity. Overall, improving our knowledge of these complex gene families may have insights into pathogenicity and inform the development of much-needed tools for tuberculosis control.
Returning ryegrass to continuous cropping soil improves soil nutrients and soil microbiome, producing good-quality flue-cured tobacco
Authors: Zhou Hanjun , Zhang Mingjie , Yang Jiahao , Wang Jing , Chen Yulu , Ye Xiefeng
Published: October 2023

The widespread and continuous cultivation of tobacco has led to soil degradation and reduced crop yields and quality. Green manure is an essential organic fertilizer that alleviates obstacles to continuous cultivation. However, the plant–soil microecological effects of green manure on flue-cured tobacco cultivation remain unclear. Thus, a positioning trail including two treatments, chemical fertilizer application only (treatment NPK) and chemical fertilizer application with turning ryegrass (treatment NPKG) was conducted, and the effect of ryegrass returning on the soil physicochemical properties, soil microbiome, crop yield, and quality of flue-cured tobacco in continuous cropping soil were investigated. Results showed that returning ryegrass to the field increased the thickness of soil humus layer from 13 cm to 15 cm, reduced the humus layer soil bulk density to 1.29 cm3/g. Ryegrass tilled and returned to the field increased soil organic matter content by 6.89–7.92%, increased rhizosphere soil available phosphorus content by 2.22–17.96%, and converted the soil non-exchangeable potassium into potassium that was available for plant absorption and utilization. Ryegrass tilling and returning to the field increased the potassium content of middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco by 7.69–10.07%, the increased potassium content in flue-cured tobacco was accompanied by increased total sugar, reducing sugar, and the ratio of reducing sugar to nicotine, which facilitated the harmonization of the chemical composition of cured tobacco leaves. Moreover, the increased number of markedly improved operational taxonomic units enhanced the complexity of the soil bacterial community and its compactness after ryegrass tillage and their return to the field. The available potassium, available phosphorus, total potassium content, pH, and sampling period of the rhizosphere soil had considerable effects on the rhizosphere microbial. Ryegrass tilling and returning to the field changed the soil microbiome, which increased the abundance of bulk soil Proteobacteria, rhizosphere soil Fibrobacterota, and microbes with anti-pathogen activity (Lysobacteria, Sphingomonas, Chaetomium, and Minimedusa); and reduced the abundance of pathogenic fungi Neocosmospore genus in the soil. In brief, ryegrass returned to the field, improved soil microecology and restored soil nutrients, and established a new dynamic balance of soil ecology, thereby improving the quality of cultivated land and the quality of flue-cured tobacco.
Chromatin: the old and young of it
Authors: Emerson Felicity J. , Lee Siu Sylvia
Published: October 2023

Aging affects nearly all aspects of our cells, from our DNA to our proteins to how our cells handle stress and communicate with each other. Age-related chromatin changes are of particular interest because chromatin can dynamically respond to the cellular and organismal environment, and many modifications at chromatin are reversible. Changes at chromatin occur during aging, and evidence from model organisms suggests that chromatin factors could play a role in modulating the aging process itself, as altering proteins that work at chromatin often affect the lifespan of yeast, worms, flies, and mice. The field of chromatin and aging is rapidly expanding, and high-resolution genomics tools make it possible to survey the chromatin environment or track chromatin factors implicated in longevity with precision that was not previously possible. In this review, we discuss the state of chromatin and aging research. We include examples from yeast, Drosophila, mice, and humans, but we particularly focus on the commonly used aging model, the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, in which there are many examples of chromatin factors that modulate longevity. We include evidence of both age-related changes to chromatin and evidence of specific chromatin factors linked to longevity in core histones, nuclear architecture, chromatin remodeling, and histone modifications.