bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Сomorbidity of coronary artery disease and its significance in predicting the results of coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Rublev V. Yu. , Geltser B. I. , Sergeev E. A. , Kotelnikov V. N. , Karpov R. S.
Published: April 2022

The review presents an analysis of the scientific literature on comorbidity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and assessment of its impact on the results of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Arterial hypertension (AH), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), metabolic syndrome (MS), and diabetes mellitus (DM) have been shown to be the most common comorbidities in CAD patients. Clinical manifestations of cardiovascular comorbidities also include atrial fibrillation, acute cerebral ischemia, atherosclerosis of carotid and lower limb arteries, and chronic heart failure.

Concomitant COPD doubles the risk of postoperative complications after CABG and reduces the 10-year survival rate in patients to 30%. In CAD patients with MS, the risk of postoperative mortality increases by 1.4 times, and the 5-year survival rate decreases by 3 times. Diabetes significantly worsens the long-term survival of patients after CABG and is an independent predictor of acute cardiovascular events after revascularization in the long term. The presence of various comorbidities in CAD patients requires a personalized approach to managing the risks of adverse outcomes after CABG and introduction of modern artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into clinical practice, which significantly increase the accuracy of prognosis.
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in sudden cardiac death prevention: guidelines and clinical practice (literature review)
Authors: Talibullin I. V. , Lebedeva N. B.
Published: April 2022

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are considered to be the most beneficial in preventing sudden cardiac death (SCD), especially in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). However, major large-scale randomized clinical trials on ICD effectiveness were conducted 20 years ago and do not reflect current realities. Modern ICDs and methods for treating heart failure have drastically improved. New clinical reality requires reconsideration of approaches to determining the risk of SCD and indications for ICD, personalization of device selection and programming, and identification of barriers that prevent ubiquitous use of the method in real clinical practice.

The article reviews the available evidence base on the use of ICDs, current clinical guidelines, complications following the device implantation, and any difficulties associated with ICD application in routine clinical practice.
Study of the anti-inflammatory and immunotropic activity of the secretome from multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells induced by erythropoietin, valproic acid or dexamethasone in vitro
Authors: Golubinskaya P. A. , Puzanov M. V. , Sarycheva M. V. , Burda S. Yu. , Nadezhdin S. V. , Korokin M. V. , Burda Yu. E.
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with valproic acid, erythropoietin, and dexamethasone on the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activity of the secretome of adipose-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSCs) in an in vitro experiment.

Materials and methods. MMSCs were isolated from the fat of 6 healthy donors. The cells were grown in the culture up to passage 4. Then they were treated with valproic acid, erythropoietin or dexamethasone for 3 hours, washed from preparations, and incubated in a serum-free medium for 48 hours. Some of the cells were not treated with preparations. Supernatants from the cell cultures were concentrated by ultrafiltration, and protein standardization was performed using a nanophotometer. Then the supernatants were sterilized and added to mononuclear cells from peripheral blood of 8 healthy donors. The mononuclear cells were isolated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation according to the standard protocol. Concentrations of TNFα, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IFNγ cytokines in 24-hour cultures and IL-9, IL-10, IL-17A, and IL-21 cytokines in 48-hour cultures were determined using multiplex analysis.

Results. The production of IL-2, IL-6, TNFα, and IL-10 was reduced by the secretome of MMSCs treated with valproic acid. The production of IL-2, IL-6, and TNFα decreased during incubation of the mononuclear cells with the secretome of MMSCs treated with erythropoietin. The secretome of dexamethasone-treated MMSCs suppressed the production of IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-17A. No statistically significant differences were revealed in the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-21.

Conclusion. Among the studied inducers, dexamethasone enhanced the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activity of MMSCs the most, which was manifested through the effect of their supernatants on peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Effect of local ozone therapy on inflammatory markers in experimental ulcerative colitis
Authors: Davydova E. V. , Osikov M. V. , Kaygorodtseva N. V.
Published: April 2022

Aim. To evaluate the effect of rectal insufflations of medical ozone on markers of inflammation in experimental ulcerative colitis.

Materials and methods. The experimental study was performed in vivo on 49 white, sexually mature male Wistar rats weighing 250 ± 15 g. The model of ulcerative colitis was reproduced using two-stage oxazolone administration (Sigma-Aldrich, USA). A group of animals received rectal insufflations of medical ozone at a dose of 1.0 mg / l once a day in the volume of 10 ml of ozone / oxygen mixture. The cycle of insufflations lasted 10 days. The ozone / oxygen mixture was obtained using an automated ozone therapy device with an ozone destructor UOTA-60-01“Medozon” (Medozon LLC, Moscow, Russian Federation). According to the disease activity index (DAI) score, the disease activity index was evaluated. The intensity of neutrophil phagocytosis in the blood was detected using polystyrene latex particles. The ability of neutrophils to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) was determined using spontaneous and induced NBT tests. The interleukin-17 (IL-17) concentration in the serum was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a test system for rats manufactured by Bender MedSystems (Austria).

Results. Under the conditions of ozone therapy by rectal insufflations in experimental ulcerative colitis, we demonstrated improvement in the clinical presentation of the disease, intensity of phagocytosis, phagocytic index, and spontaneous and induced ability of neutrophils to reduce NBT with normalization of the functional reserve of cells and the level of proinflammatory IL-17 on day 6 of the experiment.

Conclusion. The results obtained allow to verify pronounced anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of ozone and consider it as one of the most relevant treatment strategies for inflammatory bowel diseases.
Experience in the use of lung ultrasound in patients of the respiratory hospital of Siberian State Medical University with COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Porovskiy Ya. V. , Bespalova I. D. , Sorokina T. V. , Dish A. Ju. , Kanev A. F. , Koshchavtseva Yu. I. , Chuyashenko E. V. , Shoulga O. S. , Balabanova A. A.
Published: April 2022

Aim. To evaluate the possibility of using lung ultrasound for diagnosing COVID-19 pneumonia in patients of the respiratory hospital of Siberian State Medical University (SSMU).

Materials and methods. An analysis of lung ultrasound data was carried out in 39 patients (17 men and 22 women aged 33–78 years) with COVID-19 pneumonia. Lung ultrasound was performed in all patients in addition to radiography performed at the prehospital stage and in 15 patients who underwent computed tomography (CT) of the lungs.

Results. In the majority (61.6%) of cases, during the ultrasound examination, COVID-19 pneumonia manifested itself as interstitial lung disease. The white lung phenomenon and a combination of the aforementioned interstitial changes were recorded with the same frequency (5.1%), while pulmonary consolidation in addition to interstitial changes was visualized in 10.2% of cases. Interstitial lung disease was bilateral in 83.3% of patients and unilateral in 16.7% of cases. The inferior lobes of the lungs were affected in 60.0% of cases, middle lobe – in 30.0% of cases, and superior lobes – in 15.0% of patients. The ultrasound examination detected changes in the lungs in 32 patients, while radiographic changes were present in 35 cases. Bilateral inflammation was more often detected by radiography than by ultrasound. When comparing the data of lung ultrasound and CT, the agreement between the methods was found in 66.7% of cases, and the discrepancy between the findings of the two methods was observed mainly in patients with a large number of affected segments of the lungs and localization of the disease in the superior lobes according to CT.

Conclusion. Lung ultrasound is a valuable tool that can be used to stratify risk in patients at any stage of diagnosis and treatment in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic due to availability, speed of implementation, and the absence of a need for patient transportation.
FEIRA AGROECOLÓGICA DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Ramos Maurício de Lima
Published: April 2022

O presente artigo relata como a Feira Agroecológica da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) atua no processo do Sistema Participativo de Garantia (SPG) para os produtores rurais e urbanos da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (RMBH). O objetivo geral deste artigo foi de verificar se a Feira Agroecológica da UFMG está sendo uma ferramenta essencial na divulgação do SPG entre os produtores rurais e urbanos da RMBH. E os objetivos específicos de conhecer a história de envolvimento da Feira Agroecológica da UFMG com os produtores agroecológicos rurais e urbanos da RMBH e examinar os aspectos legais do SPG. Para tanto, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográfica e documental sobre agroecologia, feira Agroecológica e SPG, com foco nos conceitos, experiências vividas e por meio de documentos oficiais, e resultados de pesquisas realizadas sobre o diagnóstico da adesão a um sistema de certificação agroecológica pelos produtores da Feira da UFMG. Constatou-se que, a Feira Agroecológica da UFMG atuou em 2019, como uma facilitadora no processo do SPG,  exigindo apenas a declaração do produtor como compromisso para efetivação da sua inscrição na referida Feira, ao aceitar a participação de produtores ainda não agroecológicos no edital de seleção, na consolidação de oportunidades de transformação social, econômica e de desenvolvimento socioespacial e ambiental de agricultores familiares rurais e urbanos da RMBH.
A Review on the Recent Advancements on Therapeutic Effects of Metallic Ions in the Physiological Environments
Authors: Awais Muhammad , Aziz Aqsa , Nazneen Arooba , Bhatti Qurat ul Ain , Wadood Abdul , Rehman Muhammad Atiq Ur
Published: April 2022

This review focuses on the therapeutic effects of metallic ions when released in physiological environments. Recent studies have shown that metallic ions like Ag+, Sr2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Ca2+, P+5, etc., have shown promising results in drug delivery systems and regenerative medicine. These metallic ions can be loaded in nanoparticles, mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs), hydroxyapatite (HA), calcium phosphates, polymeric coatings, and salt solutions. The metallic ions can exhibit different functions in the physiological environment such as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-cancer, bioactive, biocompatible, and angiogenic effect. Furthermore, the metallic ions can be loaded in scaffolds to improve osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, bone development, fibroblast growth, and improved wound healing efficacy. Moreover, different metallic ions possess different therapeutic limits. Therefore, further mechanisms need to be developed for the highly controlled and sustained release of these ions. This review paper summarizes the recent progress in the use of metallic ions in regenerative medicine and encourages further study of metallic ions as a solution to cure diseases.
Cardiac-Brain Dynamics Depend on Context Familiarity and Their Interaction Predicts Experience of Emotional Arousal
Authors: Mishra Sudhakar , Srinivasan Narayanan , Tiwary Uma Shanker
Published: April 2022

Our brain continuously interacts with the body as we engage with the world. Although we are mostly unaware of internal bodily processes, such as our heartbeats, they may be influenced by and in turn influence our perception and emotional feelings. While there is a recent focus on understanding cardiac interoceptive activity and interaction with brain activity during emotion processing, the investigation of cardiac-brain interactions with more ecologically valid naturalistic emotional stimuli is still very limited. We also do not understand how an essential aspect of emotions like context familiarity influences affective feelings and is linked to cardiac-brain interactions. Hence to answer these questions, we designed an exploratory study by recording ECG and EEG signals for the emotional events while participants were watching emotional movie clips. Participants also rated their familiarity with the stimulus on the familiarity scale. Linear mixed effect modelling was performed in which the ECG power and familiarity were considered as predictors of EEG power. We focused on three brain regions, including prefrontal (PF), frontocentral (FC) and parietooccipital (PO). The analyses showed that cardiac-brain interaction is dependent on familiarity such that the interaction is stronger with high familiarity. In addition, the results indicate that arousal is predicted by cardiac-brain interaction, which also depends on familiarity. The results support emotional theories that emphasize context dependency and interoception. Multimodal studies with more realistic stimuli would further enable us to understand and predict different aspects of emotional experience.
Living Cell’s Feeling of Holes: The Mathematics of Cavities in Biophysical Structures
Authors: Tozzi Arturo
Published: April 2022

Mechanical properties such as shape, volume and size affect the dynamics of biological systems. Most of the current methodological approaches are inclined to remove the existence of holes and impurities from systems’ description, regarding them as routes toward mechanical failure. On the contrary, we suggest that the occurrence of holes might be of utmost functional importance, allowing reversible transformations of cellular structures. The focus here is on the widespread occurrence of intracytoplasmic holes, that deeply modifies the topology of living cells and provides researchers with novel operational tools to investigate intracellular dynamics. We take as example the prokaryotic gas vesicles, i.e., intracellular cavities filled with gases spreading from the nearby medium. The mechanical and topological cellular properties dictated by intracytoplasmic holes are investigated, focusing on the physical constraints imposed by their very existence. For instance, the presence of gas vesicles breaks the cytoplasmic homogeneity, leading to inhomogeneity in functional activities and modifications in intracellular flows. Also, a topological approach to cytoplasmic holes suggests novel physiological roles for gas vesicles. For example, the gas vesicles’ ability to increase/decrease cellular volumes provides a mechanism that counteracts the detrimental effects of the surface/volume ratio. In conclusion, a structural/methodological approach based on the occurrence of holes testifies once again how the simple biophysical structure alone can dictate the function.
Impact of Socioeconomic Factors on Environmental Quality: A Panel Quintile Regression Method
Authors: Azam Muhammad , Abbassi Wajhi , Tayachi Tahar , Azam Rauf I
Published: April 2022

Nowadays, determining the socioeconomic factors' influence on environmental quality is a crucial issue for policymakers. We aim to explore the impact of socioeconomic factors i.e., ethnic conflicts inform ethnic fragmentation, institutions quality effectiveness, and energy consumption on environmental quality by testing the various hypotheses (Pollution Halo Hypothesis, IPAT, and EKC) in 40 selected Asian countries throughout 1993-2019. We also use a set of control variables which are gross domestic product per capita, foreign direct investment inflows, and population growth to determine their impact on environmental quality. We use the Panel Quintile Regression Method of 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 to analyze the results. We find ethnic conflict negatively affects the environmental quality at all quantiles. The institution's variables regulatory quality and rule of law negatively influence the environmental quality. Our result supports Porter's hypothesis because the effect of direct foreign investment on the amount of CO2 emissions is negative and significant at 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 quantiles which states that foreign direct investment in the host country supports environmental quality. Furthermore, our results support the IPAT hypothesis in selected Asian countries.
Hormones and cytokines as biomarkers of severe infections in children
Authors:   Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Skripchenko N.V. ,   Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Zheleznikova G.F. ,   Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Alekseeva L.A. ,   Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Makarenkova E.V. ,   Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Bessonova T.V. ,   Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: April 2022

This review summarizes the available information on the condition of two systems that regulate immune responses, namely the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis, in children with neuroinfections or sepsis. We used the Pubmed and eLibrary databases to prepare this review. Serum cortisol is a well-studied biomarker of neuroinfections. Its elevated level is known to be associated with disease severity and outcome in both adults and children. A critical condition in patients with sepsis and septic shock is usually accompanied by critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) and non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS), whose pathogenetic role is unclear and is being actively studied. There is a close correlation between cortisol and cytokine levels in adult patients with neuroinfections or sepsis; however few studies demonstrated this correlation in children. Further investigation of the interaction between neuroendocrine and immune mechanisms will clarify the real need for corticosteroid therapy which is widely used in children with severe infections now. The causal therapy for severe neuroinfections with sepsis and septic shock should include drugs with metabolic and endothelium-protective action (such as cytoflavin), since it can alleviate the disease. Key words: infection, neuroendocrine system, sepsis, hormones, glucocorticoid receptor, cytokines, children, cytoflavin
Medical mycological iceberg: recent trends in the epidemiology of mycoses
Authors:   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russian Federation, Akimkin V.G. , Tutelyan A.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shulakova N.I. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: April 2022

Infectious diseases caused by fungi (mycoses) are one of the significant problems of modern medicine Worldwide, more than 300 million people suffer from severe and chronic mycoses, 25 million patients are at risk of disability or death. Due to changes in treatment strategies and the wider use of antifungal prevention in recent years, the epidemiology of fungal infections has changed and has become particularly relevant due to a significant increase in cases of invasive mycoses. Deep, visceral mycoses, sometimes associated with HIV infection, oncohematological pathology, organ transplantation, nursing of newborns, have become more frequent, while the role of fungi that were previously considered apatogenic increases. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, risk factors for these infections continue to increase, and therefore it is likely that the incidence of fungal infections, including those associated as nosocomial, will increase in the coming years. The increasing role of fungi in the etiology of hospital infections, the introduction into clinical practice of a significant number of new drugs was inevitably accompanied by the formation of resistance of fungi to antimycotics. According to literature data, the rate of emergence of pathogenic fungi resistant to a limited number of widely used antifungal agents is unprecedented. Thus, in modern conditions associated with the increase in resistance of pathogenic fungi, the key measures should be aimed at developing optimal strategies for containing resistance to antifungal drugs. Key words: mycoses, fungal infections, antimycotics, resistance, risk factors, pandemic, COVID-19
Quality of life and treatment satisfaction in patients with HIV infection: a questionnaire survey of patients receiving a domestic antiretroviral therapy regimen
Authors:   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance of Consumer rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kuimova U.A. , Belyaeva V.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance of Consumer rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kravtchenko A.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance of Consumer rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kulabuhova E.I. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance of Consumer rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russian Federation, Goliusova M.D. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance of Consumer rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kanestri V.G. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance of Consumer rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russian Federation, Pokrovskaya A.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance of Consumer rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russian Federation, Andreev A.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance of Consumer rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: April 2022

Objective. To analyze the parameters characterizing various aspects of quality of life, adherence to treatment and satisfaction with it in patients receiving a regimen of ART consisting of domestic medications. Patients and methods. A questionnaire survey of 49 patients with HIV infection was conducted. All respondents received ART for 48 weeks, which included domestic medications: 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (phosphazide + lamivudine in one tablet) and a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (elsulfavirine). Conclusion. The data obtained at week 48 of ART with domestic medications phosphazide/lamivudine (Phosphaladine) and elsulfavirine showed that most patients were satisfied with the treatment they received, its convenience and severity of side effects. The adherence rate to this regimen was high. Key words: antiretroviral therapy, HIV infection, quality of life
Factores que inciden en el proceso de adaptación de los estudiantes a la educación superior virtual. Marco de referencia
Authors: Argüelles Pabón Denise Caroline , Chicas Cañas Francisco Alonso , Pava Díaz Gloria Helena , Montejo Ángel Fernando Augusto , Guzmán Serna María del Socorro
Published: April 2022

El reto de adaptación a la educación superior cobra mayor relevancia cuando el estudiante opta por la modalidad virtual, pues, además de enfrentar el cambio natural que implica la entrada a la universidad, éste debe lidiar con procesos mediados por tecnología no sólo a nivel de la interacción con sus compañeros y con sus docentes, sino también, con los contenidos y recursos de aprendizaje, lo que dificulta aún más su adaptación al nuevo contexto de aprendizaje.
Professional competencies implementation and interaction with industrial partners of the mining and metallurgical industry as education quality indicators at technical universities
Authors:   North Caucasian Institute of Mining and  Metallurgy (State Technological University), ALEKSEYEV Igor
Published: April 2022

The author's work consists in developing a system for improving the quality of the educational process at the university and effective mechanisms for its control, as well as in building a system of mutually beneficial cooperation with leading partners in the mining and metallurgical industry. To achieve this goal, various methodological techniques were used, such as analysis, a systematic approach and a comparative legal approach. These techniques were implemented in relation to the technical universities located geographically in the mountainous regions. As a result of the conducted scientific analysis, approaches are proposed that, in our opinion, will improve the quality of education in the technical universities leading close cooperation with industrial partners in various fields and industries, including mining and metallurgy. The value and significance of the results lies in the attempt to implement and test the described approaches and evaluate the preliminary results obtained in technical universities located in the mountainous areas.
Electrochemical leaching of polymetallic ore under the action of asymmetric current pulses and the addition of a surfactant
Authors:   North Caucasian Institute of Mining  and Metallurgy (State Technological University), KONDRATYEV Yuri , SOKOLOVA Oksana ,   North Caucasian Institute of Mining  and Metallurgy (State Technological University), KAMBOLOV Arkady ,   North Caucasian Institute of Mining  and Metallurgy (State Technological University), MIROSHNIKOV Andrey ,   North Caucasian Institute of Mining  and Metallurgy (State Technological University)
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of studies on the electrochemical leaching of metals from poly-metallic ores using sulfuric acid-chloride solutions under the action of a reversible infra-low-frequency direct current with varying density and the addition of a surfactant. Mathematical models of leaching indicators have been developed depending on the density, duration of the forward and reverse polarity of the current. It is revealed that the most optimal mode is the ore leaching under the action of a reversible direct current with varying density and duration of the reverse current. It is determined that the reverse current density is 6 times greater than the forward current density, and the duration of the reverse current pulse is 0.2 of the duration of the forward current. At the same time, Kazakhstan, like other countries with the transit economy, will have to overcome the risks and challenges that have emerged as a result of global digitalization. The article shows that to stimulate digitalization of geological exploration, significant investments are needed, which will require, alongside with government regulation, searching for new forms and mechanisms of public-private partnership.
On the features of the spatio-temporal variability оf the heat waves characteristics of the last three decades (Ararat valley, Armenia)
Authors:   Yerevan State University, MARGARYAN Varduhi , IKRAMOV Ilyas ,   Mukhtar Auezov South Kazakhstan University, ABDRAIMOVA Kuralai ,   Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish  University, IBRAGIMOVA Elmira ,   Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish  University
Published: April 2022

The aim of this work to study, identify the repeatability and duration of heat waves of the study area. For it were suggested and decided the following tasks: Findings. The study of regularities of variability of the spatial-temporal distribution of characteristics of heat wave in conditions of regional and global changes of climate is current task of modern geographical science. Extremely high temperatures and heat waves of study area excessively conditioned by the influence of secondary thermal depressions from the Arabian Peninsula, a number of cases that last for 2-3 decades are significantly increased. Tropical thermal depression, forming of extreme hot summers and heat waves, have cycles of activation and weakening, periodicity of which is estimated at 20-22 years. Starting from July (sometimes from the second half of June) to the last ten days of August (sometimes to first half of September), weather conditions of Ararat valley are formed under influence of thermal depression. The invasion of southern and south-eastern tropical warm and dry air currents from the Arabian deserts is increasing. As a result in some years the air temperature in Ararat valley is increased to 40-43 °C, and relative humidity is low than 30%. Heat waves are dangerous weather phenomena, is threat for live and activity, are characterized with some negative consequences. They can be accompanied by droughts and dry winds, forest fires, desertification, disruption of the natural ecosystem, economic damage, decreased working capacity, psychological and sociological consequences, even deaths. Temporal tendencies in course of values of the characteristics of heat wave for last 2-3 decades have positive unambiguous character, more frequent heat waves and extremely warm summers. Heat waves of low and medium intensity have a particularly high frequency. The probability of strong waves is less. The study area is distinguished a characteristic regime and an almost uniform spatial distribution of summer extreme high temperatures. They range from 41,5 to 42,6 °C. The entire study area is vulnerable to heat waves. Heat waves can cause dangerous meteorological phenomena such as droughts or dry winds, which cause great damage to various sectors of the economy, especially agriculture. Therefore the results of the work can be used in the field of agriculture, mitigating and reducing the consequences of possible damage caused. They can also be used in agrometeorological forecasts. In the study area, summer conditions become warmer and drier, which should be taken into account when developing strategic programs for the future development of this area.
A study on the entrepreneurial orientation of the 65-villagers in a part of slope of mountain Arjuno East Java Indonesia
Authors:   Darma Cendika Catholic University, HERMANTO Yustinus , PURBA Lasman ,   Darma Cendika Catholic University, NUGROHO Matheus ,   Yudharta Pasuruan University
Published: April 2022

Our interest is to explore such a characteristic of the villagers who live in a part of the slope of Mountain Arjuno, located in the East Java Province of Indonesia, before their existing entrepreneurial orientation. Using question-naires -developed based on (Miller, 1983) definition about entrepreneurial orientation-, spread to the villagers there and their analysis, it was found that their entrepreneurial orientation E.O. following equation as - 0.003 + 0.334 innovativeness I + 0.334 proactiveness P + 0.333 risk-taking R.
Development of a method for analyzing and evaluating the optimal state of aerogasodynamic processes in coal mines
Authors:   North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State  Technological University), BOSIKOV Igor , KLYUEV Roman ,   Moscow Polytechnic University, MAYER Andrey ,   Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National  Research University) named after I.M. Gubkin, STAS Galina ,   Tula State University
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the state of aerogasdynamic processes in coal mines. With centralized automatic control and management of mine ventilation using a control system, in the circuit of which application software is used, the choice of a rational period for collecting information received from controlled objects is of great importance.The object of automatic control in a coal mine are the parameters characterizing the state of the mine atmosphere - methane concentration, air flow, temperature and parameters of the ventilation network (depression and aerodynamic resistance). All controlled parameters characterize the state of the atmosphere. Research goal. The purpose of the research is to develop a method for analyzing and evaluating the optimal state of aerogasdynamic processes in coal mines. Research objectives. Conduct an analysis of the optimal state of aero- gasdynamic processes and adapt the method at coal industry enterprises. Research results. Studies have been carried out on the duration of the observation interval for the modes of movement of air and gas through the goaf and bottom-hole space of the production area, to ensure the specified accuracy in determining the values for the implementation of non-stationary gas-dynamic processes. It is determined that the resulting systems of equations describing the unsteady modes of air and gas movement through the mined-out and bottom-hole space of the mining area from the standpoint of hydrodynamics with subsequent simplification of these equations based on the assumptions made. Using the results of the experiments, for the process of methane concentration, a realization length of 1 day was chosen, since during this time at least one complete production cycle has time to complete in the longwall. The duration of this cycle significantly exceeds the value of the maximum measurement interval ∆tβ = 30 min., for which it is still advisable in practice to determine the modes of movement of air and gas through the mined-out and bottom-hole space of the production area. The research results are recommended for use in the design of efficient air supply schemes in the mining areas of coal mines and the correct placement of regulators to take into account the concentration of methane in the flow of consumed air.
Direct Contact Steam Generation Reduces Carbon Intensity
Authors: Kay Brian
Published: April 2022

Steam for enhanced oil recovery is typically generated using Once-Through-Steam-Generators (OTSG) produced at large central facilities with the steam then pipelined to each injection well. As much as 50% of the energy can be lost before it reaches the well bore with the combustion emissions vented to atmosphere.

Direct Contact Steam Generation (DCSG) injects both steam and hot combustion flue gases into the reservoir. Oil production is increased by reducing oil viscosity through heat while repressuring the reservoir with flue gases and improving miscibility with the CO2 that remains in the reservoir. This combination greatly improves the Steam-Oil-Ratio (SOR) for increased oil recovery as well as delivering environmental benefits related to reduced water requirements and lower emissions resulting in a much lower carbon intensity. DCSG water requirements are 11% less than OTSG methods as water is created by the combustion process, this water is then injected into the reservoir rather than lost to the atmosphere. As most of the DCSG process emissions are indirect, emissions can be further reduced by as much as 30% with the use of low carbon intensity grid electricity for compression.

Pilot results show that DCSG used less water, with 70% of the CO2 retained in the formation. Lower SOR and CO2 retained in the reservoir demonstrates lower carbon intensity relative to OTSG.

DCSG offers heavy oil operators a novel, viable, method to economically extract currently uncoverable reservoirs at a lower carbon intensity than traditional methods.
CO2 Foam Pilot in a Heterogeneous Carbonate Reservoir: Analysis and Results
Authors: Alcorn Zachary Paul , Graue Arne , Karakas Metin
Published: April 2022

A CO2 foam pilot was conducted in a heterogeneous carbonate reservoir in East Seminole Field, Permian Basin USA. The primary objective was to achieve in-depth CO2 mobility control to increase CO2 sweep efficiency and improve oil recovery in an inverted 40 acre 5-spot pattern. Foam was injected in a rapid surfactant-alternating-gas (SAG) strategy with 10 days of surfactant solution injection followed by 20 days of CO2 injection. We implemented a laboratory to field upscaling approach which included foam formulation screening, numerical modeling, and field monitoring to verify foam generation and CO2 mobility reduction. The monitoring campaign obtained baseline before the pilot and monitored reservoir response to foam injection. This included conducting baseline and pilot phase CO2 and water injection profile logs, interwell CO2 tracer tests and collecting injection bottom hole pressure data and flow rates. Transient analysis was also conducted to assess foam development at reservoir conditions. The effectiveness of foam in improving overall recovery was also evaluated.

Results indicate that foam was generated and CO2 mobility was reduced during the pilot based upon higher differential pressures during the SAG cycles compared to an identical water-alternating-gas (WAG) cycle. CO2 breakthrough was also delayed with foam compared to the baseline test without foam. Injection profile logs from the foam injector showed that flow increased into unswept reservoir intervals and was diverted from a high permeability streak. The effectiveness of foam in improving the overall oil recovery revealed that the foam pilot produced 30% more oil than the pattern's projected performance without foam, despite injecting at half of the historical rate during the pilot. This work presents the complete field results and analysis from the successful implementation of CO2 foam mobility control.
SmartWater Based Synergistic Technologies: A Next Recovery Frontier for Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Ayirala Subhash C. , AlSofi Abdulkareem M. , AlYousef Zuhair A. , Wang Jinxun , Alsaud Moataz O. Abu , AlYousef Ali A.
Published: April 2022

In this work, the synergistic effects of SmartWater in polymer flooding, surfactant-polymer flooding, carbonated waterflooding, and foam assisted gas injection processes were explored. A suite of multiscale experimental data was analyzed to demonstrate and quantify the benefits of water chemistry synergies in these different enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods. The multiscale experimental data analyzed comprised of polymer rheology, core floods, foam stability and rheology, besides evaluating the zeta potential results obtained from surface complexation modeling (SCM).

SmartWater increased the oil recoveries by 5-7% in addition to reducing the polymer concentration requirements by one-third in polymer flooding. Synergizing SmartWater with surfactant-polymer flooding increased the oil recovery by 4% besides lowering the polymer and surfactant consumption by 50%. SmartWater has been found to synergistically combine with carbonated waterflooding to increase the CO2 dissolved volumes by 25-30% for effectively lowering the pH at both calcite/brine and crude oil/brine interfaces. The availability of more CO2 dissolved volumes in SmartWater can cause enhanced oil swelling, greater oil viscosity reduction, and increased wettability alteration through pH induced modification of surface charges for higher oil recovery. SmartWater increased the foam stabilities by 2-3 times, foam apparent viscosities by 1.5 times, and porous media foam pressure drops by 50% to ensure the propagation of more stable and viscous foams deeper into the reservoir for better mobility control.

The findings of this study have a practical impact on how the industry can efficiently operate EOR projects. SmartWater-based synergistic technologies can reduce the costs due to lowered volume requirements of different EOR agents and they can also increase oil recoveries to result in more practical, efficient, and economical EOR projects in the field.
Towards More Representative Workflows for Designing Robust Surfactant EOR Formulations
Authors: Wartenberg Nicolas , Blaizot Dylan , Mascle Matthieu , Mouret Aurélie , Rousseau David
Published: April 2022

Designing robust EOR surfactant formulations implies performing a number of experiments related to the impact of variable parameters such as injection brine composition and reservoir temperature from near wellbore to in-depth zones. Performance evaluation assays are commonly employed in parametric studies, ahead of the time-consuming coreflood tests. Phase diagram in tubes and spinning drop tests are commonly used, but they do not easily allow deriving representative values of the o/w IFT and can lead to contradictory outcomes.

In this work, we addressed the crucial question of the methods implemented to estimate the IFT in bulk tests and we investigated a model case where the robustness of a surfactant formulation was assessed versus temperature. In the first part, we compared, at optimal salinity, the IFT as classically evaluated by the Huh relationship in tubes to the IFT as determined in a spinning drop tensiometer between, respectively, the microemulsion and the water and oil phases in equilibrated and non-equilibrated situations. In the second part, we evaluated the robustness of a surfactant formulation in terms of IFT versus temperature variation by phase diagrams and spinning drop methods and performed simplified oil recovery coreflood tests, using the CAL-X high throughput device.

Results showed that IFT discrepancies up to one order of magnitude exist between the Huh estimation and the spinning drop results as well as between the different strategies for determining the spinning drop IFT. Such discrepancies can be interpreted from a scientific point of view, but they highlight the need to discriminate between the IFT determination methods in view of representativeness regarding the actual oil recovery mechanisms in the reservoir. The tests campaign for the temperature robustness, performed in the 40-90°C temperature range, showed, again, discrepancies between the two bulk methods. Namely, Winsor III situation was observed from 60°C to 90°C in the phase diagrams with an optimum at 70°C whereas ultra-low IFT was observed only at 60°C in the spinning drop tests. The coreflood tests revealed that very good oil recoveries were achieved from 40°C to 90°C, with evidence of formation of oil banks leading to final oil saturation as low as 5% only from 60°C to 90°C.

These outcomes suggest that, for cases where the various phases are clearly distinguishable in tubes, phase diagrams should be selected as preferred bulk assays. However, these tests provide only coarse estimates of the IFT, which makes performance prediction based on capillary desaturation curves challenging. For this reason, high throughput coreflood tests could also be included in surfactant formulation design workflows to better forecast for the formulation performances.
Modeling of Laboratory Gas Flooding in Tight Chalk with Different Non-Equilibrium Treatments
Authors: Mirazimi Seyedamir , Olsen Dan , Stenby Erling Halfdan , Yan Wei
Published: April 2022

This paper focuses on proper modeling of bypassed oil in tight chalk during gas injection, caused partly by the small-scale heterogeneity and the non-equilibrium contact especially in low permeable chalk. Conventional compositional simulators using the local equilibrium assumption tend to predict excessive vaporization of the residual oil. We present the laboratory gas flooding results in tight chalk and discuss how different non-equilibrium treatments can provide more realistic simulation results.

Composite core flooding experiments with low-permeable tight chalk and natural gas were conducted at different pressures below the minimum miscibility pressure of the live oil used. The ECLIPSE compositional simulator E300, using an EoS model tuned with the swelling data, was used to history match the results. It was found that the simulation without considering non-equilibrium effects over-predicted the oil production in the late stage. Two methods were tested to avoid the excessive vaporization of oil: the Sorm method (excluding the residual oil from flash calculations) and the transport coefficients (alpha factors) method together with pseudo-relative permeability curves.

Our results show that the sub-grid non-equilibrium effect is significant in tight chalk. Compositional simulation without considering this effect leads to unrestricted vaporization and over-prediction of the oil recovery in gas injection into tight chalk even for laboratory experiments. Both methods tested here are suitable for reproducing the flooding results, in particular, the residual oil in the late stage. For the experiments studied here, the Sorm method seems to show a better performance in maintaining no further mass transfer between the residual oil and gas after the ultimate recovery is reached, since it excludes the bypassed oil fraction from flash calculations and models the immobile saturation explicitly. For the alpha factors method, oil production keeps a slow increase at the late stage as long as gas is being injected. In addition, the use of pseudo-relative permeability method can lead to obtaining irrational trends in some cases. We therefore propose an alternative method by adjusting the alpha factors of the mobile components, which avoids the difficulties of modifying the relative permeability curves.

This study contributes to the methodology on honoring the non-equilibrium effects and obtaining realistic residual oil saturation for gas injection in tight formation. The proposed method of adjusting the non-zero alpha factors can be used as an alternative to using pseudo-relative permeability, which avoids the possible drawbacks involved in this method.
Interference Analysis in Reservoirs with Bottom-Water Drive During Water Injection Processes Through Subsurface Connectivity
Authors: Martinez Vladimir , Ozkan Erdal , Cinco Ley Heber
Published: April 2022

This work analyzes the feasibility of implementing water injection processes through subsurface connectivity between different formations through communicating wells, allowing the water to flow from a source aquifer to a depleted formation. It presents a 3-dimensional semi-analytical model for estimating water influx in reservoirs with bottom-water drive and analyzing interference between reservoirs when subsurface connectivity is carried out to supply energy from an aquifer. It applies to both finite and infinite aquifers and reservoirs sharing an aquifer. The general solution is obtained by solving the diffusion equation employing Laplace and Fourier cosine transforms and is presented in Laplace space, requiring a numerical inversion method to convert the results to the real space. The functionality of the analytical solution is evaluated with reservoir numerical simulation and communicating well models. Results show that implementing this solution brings notable advantages because the ultimate oil recovery factor improves considerably. Additionally, it delays the water encroachment in reservoirs adjoined to the source aquifer and reduces water production.