bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of geophysical methods for the study of the Libertad Raigón hydrogeological system in Uruguay
Authors: Giménez Manuel , Menta Agustín , Ramos Julián , Musso Marcos , Flaquer Alfonso
Published: September 2021

The Raigón aquifer system (SAR) is a hydrogeological system in a sedimentary environment, which is located in the department of San José, Uruguay. Its role is fundamental in supplying water for urban, industrial and agricultural uses and it is the most exploited aquifer in the country. The main objective of this study is to characterize the contact between the Libertad Fm. and Raigón Fm. using two geophysical methods. Therefore, we have carried out a series of profiles of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and seismic measurements (refraction) in four geographical areas of the SAR where precise lithological columns are available with different thicknesses of the Libertad Fm. The comparison between the geological information and the geophysical models obtained has allowed both methods to be calibrated. In the last stage of this study, a fifth site was selected in order to determine the characteristics of the land to place new monitoring piezometers. Both geophysical calibrated techniques have proven to be consistent and complementary in the study of the SAR. It was possible to associate ranges of resistivity and the velocity of seismic waves to each of the lithologies of the Libertad Fm with different thicknesses, establishing their contact with the Raigón Fm.
Contributions to the conceptual hydrogeological model of the Quequén Grande River Basin at its southwestern limit
Authors: Solana Maria Ximena , Quiroz Londoño Orlando Mauricio , Weinzettel Pablo , Donna Flavia
Published: September 2021

La Cuenca del Río Quequén Grande es una de las más extensas y productivas del sudeste bonaerense. Sus nacientes se encuentran ubicadas en las serranías de Tandilia, que constituyen el área de recarga preferencial del acuífero Pampeano en la región. Este acuífero, somero y de tipo libre, presenta injerencia sobre cursos de agua de carácter efluente. En su límite suroccidental, su morfología se presenta fuertemente asimétrica y destaca la presencia de numerosos humedales. Este fenómeno es asociado a rocas paleozoicas que afloran saltuariamente y constituyen lo que se ha considerado como el basamento hidrogeológico del acuífero Pampeano. Desde el punto de vista geoquímico, en esta zona se diferencian dos tipos de laguna relacionados con su contenido en cloruros, pudiendo relacionarse el grupo de alto contenido en este anión con flujos regionales ascendentes. El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en aportar nueva información al modelo hidrogeológico conceptual que se tiene para la zona mediante el análisis de captaciones de agua superficial y subterránea. El mapa piezométrico reveló dos direcciones preferenciales en el flujo subterráneo. En el análisis fisicoquímico se observó que la mayoría de las muestras de agua subterránea presenta una composición bicarbonatada sódico-magnésica. Por otro lado, las muestras de agua obtenidas de lagunas presentaron una composición bicarbonatada sódica, distinguiéndose un grupo principal con mayor contenido en cloruros. La correlación entre las desviaciones isotópicas de ambos tipos de muestras sugiere la presencia de recarga de algunas lagunas procedente de las zonas de recarga regional en el sistema serrano de Tandilia.
Polymer-dendrimer Hybrids as Carriers of Anticancer Agents
Authors: Rodríguez-Acosta Guillermo Leobardo , Hernández-Montalbán Carlos , Vega-Razo María Fernanda Sabrina , Castillo-Rodríguez Irving Osiel , Martínez-García Marcos
Published: September 2021

:

In recent years, polymeric materials with the ability to self-assemble into micelles have
been increasingly investigated for application in various fields, mainly in biomedicine. Micellar
morphology is important and interesting in the field of drug transport and delivery since micelles
can encapsulate hydrophobic molecules in their nucleus, improve the solubility of drugs, have active
molecules in their outer layer, and, due to their nanometric size, they can take advantage of the
EPR effect, prolong circulation time and avoid renal clearance. Furthermore, bioactive molecules
(could be joined covalently or by host-host interaction), such as drugs, bioimaging molecules, proteins,
targeting ligands, “cross-linkable” molecules, or linkages sensitive to internal or external stimuli,
can be incorporated into them. The confined multivalent cooperativity and the ability to modify
the dendritic structure provide versatility to create and improve the amphiphiles used in the micellar
supramolecular field. As discussed in this review, the most studied structures are hybrid copolymers,
which are formed by the combination of linear polymers and dendrons. Amphiphilic dendrimer
micelles have achieved efficient and promising results in both in vitro and in vivo tests, and
this encourages research for their future application in nanotherapies.
Effect of High Cholesterol Regulation of LRP1 and RAGE on Aβ Transport Across the Blood-Brain Barrier in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zhou Rui , Chen Li-li , Yang Hai , Li Ling , Liu Juan , Chen Le , Hong Wen-Juan , Wang Cong-guo , Ma Jing-Jing , Huang Jie , Zhou Xin-Fu , Liu Dong , Zhou Hua-Dong
Published: September 2021

Background:

High cholesterol aggravates the risk development of Alzheimer's disease
(AD). AD is closely related to the transport impairment of Amyloid-β (Aβ) in the blood-brain barrier.
It is unclear whether high cholesterol affects the risk of cognitive impairment in AD by affecting Aβ
transport. The purpose of the study is to investigate whether high cholesterol regulates Aβ transport
through low-density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 (LRP1) and Receptor for Advanced Glycation
End products (RAGE) in the risk development of AD.

Methods:

We established high cholesterol AD mice model. The learning and memory functions were
evaluated by Morris Water Maze (MWM). Cerebral microvascular endothelial cells were isolated,
cultured, and observed. The expression levels of LRP1 and RAGE of endothelial cells and their effect
on Aβ transport in vivo were observed. The expression level of LRP1 and RAGE was detected in cultured
microvessels after using Wnt inhibitor DKK-1 and β-catenin inhibitor XAV-939.

Results:

Hypercholesterolemia exacerbated spatial learning and memory impairment. Hypercholesterolemia
increased serum Aβ40 level, while serum Aβ42 level did not change significantly. Hypercholesterolemia
decreased LRP1 expression and increased RAGE expression in cerebral microvascular
endothelial cells. Hypercholesterolemia increased brain apoptosis in AD mice. In in vitro experiment,
high cholesterol decreased LRP1 expression and increased RAGE expression, increased Aβ40 expression
in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells. High cholesterol regulated the expressions of LRP1
and RAGE and transcriptional activity of LRP1 and RAGE promoters by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling
pathway.

Conclusion :

High cholesterol decreased LRP1 expression and increased RAGE expression in cerebral
microvascular endothelial cells, which led to Aβ transport disorder in the blood-brain barrier. Increased
Aβ deposition in the brain aggravated apoptosis in the brain, resulting to cognitive impairment of AD
mice.
Recombinant Human Regenerating Gene 4 Attenuates the Severity of
Osteoarthritis by Promoting the Proliferation of Articular Chondrocyte
in an Animal Model
Authors: Zhang Dong , Liang Cheng-Wei , Li Xue-jia , Zhu Fei , Li Bo
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a dominant cause of morbidity and disability. As a
chronic disease, its etiological risk factors and most therapies at present, are empirical and symptomatic.
Regenerating gene 4 (Reg4) is involved in cell growth, survival, regeneration, adhesion, and
resistance to apoptosis, which are partially thought to be the pathogenic mechanisms of OA. However,
the proper role of Reg4 in OA is still unknown.

Methods:

In this study, a consecutive administration of rhReg4 was applied to normal Sprague-
Dawley rats or rats after OA induction. Histological changes and chondrocyte proliferation in the
articular cartilage were measured.

Results:

We found that RhReg4 promotes chondrocyte proliferation in normal rats, and RhReg4 attenuated
the severity of OA in rats by promoting chondrocytes’ proliferation in OA rats.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, recombinant human regenerating gene 4 (rhReg4) attenuates the severity
of osteoarthritis in OA animal models and may be used as a new method for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
Structural Understanding of SARS-CoV-2 Drug Targets, Active Site Contour
Map Analysis and COVID-19 Therapeutics
Authors: Selvaraj Chandrabose , Dinesh Dhurvas Chandrasekaran , Krafcikova Petra , Boura Evzen , Aarthy Murali , Pravin Muthuraja Arun , Singh Sanjeev Kumar
Published: September 2021

:

The pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-
2), is responsible for multiple worldwide lockdowns, an economic crisis, and a substantial increase
in hospitalizations for viral pneumonia along with respiratory failure and multiorgan dysfunctions.
Recently, the first few vaccines were approved by World Health Organization (WHO)
and can eventually save millions of lives. Even though, few drugs are used in emergency like
Remdesivir and several other repurposed drugs, still there is no approved drug for COVID-19. The
coronaviral encoded proteins involved in host-cell entry, replication, and host-cell invading mechanism
are potential therapeutic targets. This perspective review provides the molecular overview of
SARS-CoV-2 life cycle for summarizing potential drug targets, structural insights, active site contour
map analyses of those selected SARS-CoV-2 protein targets for drug discovery, immunology,
and pathogenesis.
Radioprotective Effect of Febuxostat Against Testicular Damage Induced
by Ionizing Radiation in Mice
Authors: Hosseinimehr Seyed Jalal , Amiri Fereshteh Talebpour , Raeispour Marziyeh , Farzipour Soghra
Published: September 2021

Background:

The testis is one of the most radiosensitive tissues in pelvic radiotherapy,
especially in prostate cancer. Febuxostat (FBX), as an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, has anti-inflammatory,
antioxidant, and anti-apoptosis properties.

Objectives:

The aim of this research was to survey the protective effect of FBX against irradiation
(IR)-induced testis damage via the attenuation of oxidative stress.

Methods:

Male adult mice were randomly assigned into eight groups: control, FBX with three doses
of 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg, IR with 6 Gy, IR + FBX (IR + FBX in three doses), respectively. In the
IR + FBX groups, FBX was administrated for 8 consecutive days, and then mice were exposed to
IR at a dose of 6 Gy on the 9th day. One day after irradiation, biochemical parameters were evaluated
in the testis of animals, while histopathological assessment had been performed on 14th day.

Results:

Irradiation led to the induction of testicular toxicity. FBX significantly protected histopathological
alterations and decreased oxidative stress parameters in irradiated testis. Besides, FBX
increased the diameter and germinal epithelial thickness of seminiferous tubules and Johnson’s
score in irradiated mice.

Conclusion:

Data showed that FBX markedly protected testicular injury induced by IR by inhibiting
oxidative stress and may be considered as an infertility inhibitor in cancer patients, especially
prostate cancer.
A Review of Blue Economy for Potential Growth of Foreign Direct Investment in Albania
Authors: GUÇE Daniel
Published: September 2021

This study investigates the potential impact of Blue Economy on attracting foreign direct investment (FDI). The analysis of the concept in terms of foreign investment is an additional contribution to the previous studies in this field. What we suggest is the development of crosscutting strategies in the development of the coastal economy, especially for developing countries such as Albania, as it would be a good opportunity for attracting foreign investment. Developing such a strategy supports the development of existing sectors, as well as the promotion of investment and innovation in the growth of new domains. Therefore there is a need to examine the necessary mechanisms for encouraging foreign investment in this sector (Blue Economy). The methodology of this paper is based on existing knowledge, observations and theoretical framework on Blue Economy.
Do HRM Systems & Practices Influence the Start-Up Organisation? - A Critical Review
Authors: Sneha Bhattacharjee  , Subhadeep Mukherjee
Published: September 2021

Recruitment, compensation, or performance management are the subjects of traditional HR which have an ample number ofinsight that are likely to be applied in both established and emerging firms. Numerous proofs which recommend the managementof people in start-upsmay not be the same as the settled firms. There are features, on managing people, in rising start-ups that needextra concerns and are yet to be. As situations become progressively mind-boggling and dynamic, firms must turn out to beincreasingly enterprising to recognize new open doors for continued unrivalled execution. Start-ups include organizationallearning, driven by the coordinated effort, imagination and individual responsibility. This paper reviews research connectinghuman resource management (HRM) with start-ups.
Women Entrepreneurs in India: Combating with the Gender Bias
Authors: Naha (Das) Sumitra
Published: September 2021

In developed countries women actively participate in business and other activities without any social and other restrictions. However, in a developing country like India, the situation is different for women. Women are generally perceived as home makers with little to do with economy or commerce. The present study aims to look into how the notion is changing over time with more number of women coming forth to the business arena with ideas to start small and medium enterprises. They consider entrepreneurship to be rewarding and regard it as an alternative to limited options to career advancement. At the same time it also draws attention to the fact that transition from homemaker to sophisticated business women is not an easy task as women are continuously discriminated against. Women entrepreneurs not only contribute to improving their own economic welfare but add to the economic and social fabric of society through job creation, innovative products, processes and services. Thus, they act as an important human resource of the nation and can be utilized as mediators of economic growth and development. The study emphasizes that the country should recognize the need for women to be part of the mainstream economic development and help to promote a more enabling environment for women’s entrepreneurship.
Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Social Determinants on the Portuguese Population: Protocol for a Web-Based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Aguiar A , Pinto M , Duarte R
Published: September 2021

Background

The COVID-19 outbreak and consequent physical distance measures implemented worldwide have caused significant stress, anxiety, and mental health implications among the general population. Unemployment, working from home, and day-to-day changes may lead to a greater risk of poor mental health outcomes.

Objective

This paper describes the protocol for a web-based cross-sectional study that aims to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health.

Methods

Individuals from the general population aged 18 years or more and living in Portugal were included in this study. Data collection took place between November 10, 2020, and February 10, 2021. An exponential, nondiscriminative, snowball sampling method was applied to recruit participants. A web-based survey was developed and shared on social media platforms (eg, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, and WhatsApp groups) and through e-mail lists for recruitment of the seeds.

Results

Data analysis will be performed in accordance with the different variables and outcomes of interest by using quantitative methods, qualitative methods, or mixed methods, as applicable. A total of 929 individuals had completed the web-based survey during the 3-month period; thus, our final sample comprised 929 participants. Results of the survey will be disseminated in national and international scientific journals in 2021-2022.

Conclusions

We believe that the findings of this study will have broad implications for understanding the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Portuguese residents, as well as aspects related to the informal economy. We also hope that the findings of this study are able to provide insights and guidelines for the Portuguese government to implement action. Finally, we expect this protocol to provide a roadmap for other countries and researchers that would like to implement a similar questionnaire considering the related conclusions.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/28071
Seroepidemiological Survey on the Impact of Smoking on SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Outcomes: Protocol for the Troina Study
Authors: Polosa Riccardo , Tomaselli Venera , Ferrara Pietro , Romeo Alba Corina , Rust Sonja , Saitta Daniela , Caraci Filippo , Romano Corrado , Thangaraju Murugesan , Zuccarello Pietro , Rose Jed , Cantone Giulio Giacomo , Ferrante Margherita , Belsey Jonathan , Cibella Fabio , Interlandi Elisa , Ferri Raffaele
Published: September 2021

Background

After the global spread of SARS-CoV-2, research has highlighted several aspects of the pandemic, focusing on clinical features and risk factors associated with infection and disease severity. However, emerging results on the role of smoking in SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility or COVID-19 outcomes are conflicting, and their robustness remains uncertain.

Objective

In this context, this study aims at quantifying the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence, studying the changes in antibody levels over time, and analyzing the association between the biochemically verified smoking status and SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods

The research design involves a 6-month prospective cohort study with a serial sampling of the same individuals. Each participant will be surveyed about their demographics and COVID-19–related information, and blood sampling will be collected upon recruitment and at specified follow-up time points (ie, after 8 and 24 weeks). Blood samples will be screened for the presence of SARS-CoV-2–specific antibodies and serum cotinine, being the latter of the principal metabolite of nicotine, which will be used to assess participants’ smoking status.

Results

The study is ongoing. It aims to find a higher antibody prevalence in individuals at high risk for viral exposure (ie, health care personnel) and to refine current estimates on the association between smoking status and SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.

Conclusions

The added value of this research is that the current smoking status of the population to be studied will be biochemically verified to avoid the bias associated with self-reported smoking status. As such, the results from this survey may provide an actionable metric to study the role of smoking in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 outcomes, and therefore to implement the most appropriate public health measures to control the pandemic. Results may also serve as a reference for future clinical research, and the methodology could be exploited in public health sectors and policies.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/32285
Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Ulcer and Hemorrhage Using Wireless Capsule Endoscopy: Systematic Review and Diagnostic Test Accuracy Meta-analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Bang Chang Seok , Lee Jae Jun , Baik Gwang Ho
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Interpretation of capsule endoscopy images or movies is operator-dependent and time-consuming. As a result, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) has been applied to enhance the efficacy and accuracy of the review process. Two previous meta-analyses reported the diagnostic performance of CAD models for gastrointestinal ulcers or hemorrhage in capsule endoscopy. However, insufficient systematic reviews have been conducted, which cannot determine the real diagnostic validity of CAD models.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the diagnostic test accuracy of CAD models for gastrointestinal ulcers or hemorrhage using wireless capsule endoscopic images.

METHODS

We conducted core databases searching for studies based on CAD models for the diagnosis of ulcers or hemorrhage using capsule endoscopy and presenting data on diagnostic performance. Systematic review and diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis were performed.

RESULTS

Overall, 39 studies were included. The pooled area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio of CAD models for the diagnosis of ulcers (or erosions) were .97 (95% confidence interval, .95–.98), .93 (.89–.95), .92 (.89–.94), and 138 (79–243), respectively. The pooled area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio of CAD models for the diagnosis of hemorrhage (or angioectasia) were .99 (.98–.99), .96 (.94–0.97), .97 (.95–.99), and 888 (343–2303), respectively. Subgroup analyses showed robust results. Meta-regression showed that published year, number of training images, and target disease (ulcers vs erosions, hemorrhage vs angioectasia) was found to be the source of heterogeneity. No publication bias was detected.

CONCLUSIONS

CAD models showed high performance for the optical diagnosis of gastrointestinal ulcer and hemorrhage in wireless capsule endoscopy.
DEFINING OUTCOME IN ACUTE STROKE PATIENTS USING BARTHEL INDEX AND MODIFIED RANKIN SCALE TREATED WITH NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS
Authors: SINGH INDER PAL , KAUR KAMALDEEP , BHATIA LOVLEEN , PAL AJAY
Published: September 2021

Objective: The present study was carried out to describe outcome in acute stroke patients by means of Barthel index (BI) and modified Rankin scale (mRS) treated with neuroprotective agents.
Methods: One hundred acute stroke patients were divided into two groups. Group I patients were treated with citicoline as neuroprotective agent and Group II patients were treated with cerebroprotein hydrolysate as neuroprotective agent. BI and mRS were applied at 1st, 3rd, 6th and 12th week respectively.
Results: The mean BI at 1st week in Group I was 35.3 and in Group II was 36.2, at 3rd week was 50.5 in Group I and 50.1 in Group II, at 6th week was 61.4 in Group I and 59.8 in Group II and at 12th week was 65.8 in Group I and 64.2 in Group II. The difference was non-significant (p>0.05). The mean mRS at 1st week in Group I was 4.5 and in Group II was 4.2, at 3rd week was 3.6 in Group I and 3.9 in Group II, at 6th week was 3.1 in Group I and 3.6 in Group II and at 12th week was 2.5 in Group I and 2.1 in Group II. The difference was non-significant (p>0.05).
Conclusion: A correlation between BI and mRS from baseline to end of 12 weeks within each group was highly significant.
COMPATIBILITY STUDY BETWEEN PRAVASTATIN AND EZETIMIBE, AND PHARMACEUTICAL EXCIPIENTS USED IN FIXED-DOSE COMBINATION TABLET
Authors: KIM KANG MIN
Published: September 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to qualitatively predict drug-excipient binding interactions for stable drug formulation of a pravastatin and ezetimibe fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablet.
Methods: Drug impurity-excipient interactions under accelerated conditions (40°C/75% relative humidity) for 4 weeks were confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis.
Results: Pravastatin impurity was affected by four excipients under accelerated conditions for 4 weeks. Ezetimibe was affected by two excipients. Any other results were within the acceptance criteria. XRD analysis for physical stability revealed characteristic peaks of pravastatin and ezetimibe at a diffraction angle of 2θ (pravastatin: 4.1–24.4°, and ezetimibe: 13.62–29.59°) without a change in the crystalline form after 4 weeks. DSC and TG analysis showed evidence of stability in Alu-Alu foil.
Conclusion: Thus, the tested excipients were confirmed to be compatible with pravastatin and ezetimibe and can be used in FDC bi-layer tablets.
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK ASSOCIATED WITH ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPY IN ADVANCED PROSTATE CANCER
Authors: DENNY DEEPTHI C , SS YOGAVADULA , R VIJAY , FARDAN MOHAMED , IYPE DIVYA SARA , K ABI MAHESHWARAN
Published: September 2021

Cancer is a lethal disease that is the second leading cause of mortality in the world. According to statistics, prostate cancer is one of the most common types among men. Male hormone androgens, particularly testosterone, are required for normal growth and functioning of the prostate. In prostate cancer, activation of the androgen receptor promotes the growth of cancer cells. The goal of hormonal therapy or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is to reduce levels of such male hormones in the body or prevent them from stimulating cancer cells. There are many issues that have to be considered before initiation of hormonal therapy which are necessary to be aware of for its prevention and the management in routine clinical practices. In this review article, we emphasis on cardiovascular complications following ADT and certain treatment measures.
IDENTIFICATION OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANT ESCHERICHIA COLI FROM THE DRINKERS OF BROILER CHICKEN POULTRY STATIONS LOCATED ACROSS THE VIRUDHUNAGAR DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA
Authors: SUNDARAMAHALINGAM BALAJI , SANTHILAL CHANDAN , MARIMUTHU NARAYANAN
Published: September 2021

Objectives: The present investigation aimed to identify the multidrug resistance Escherichia coli bacteria in drinkers of poultry stations located across the Virudhunagar district, Tamil Nadu, India. Because water is the most important part of digestion in the growing chicks of poultry stations, but the quality of water supplied is often negotiated and the water drinkers in poultry farms has becoming the heavenly ground for antibiotic resistance (ABR) generation.
Methods: Hence in the present investigation water samples from the drinkers of five poultry stations were collected and analyzed for E. coli resistance bacteria using the disk diffusion method of Bauer–Kirby technique.
Results: Screening for ABR against the disc of penicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, kanamycin, and cephalosporin were performed. Among the water samples collected from drinkers of five sampling sites, three sampling sites were found to show resistance bacteria against the different antibacterial disc used.
Conclusion: To overcome the development of ABR bacterial strains from poultry stations point of use disinfectant techniques rather than using chlorine and other chemical disinfectants can be developed to alleviate this problem.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON SUPERSATURABLE SELF-NANOEMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: REDDY MUTHADI RADHIKA , GUBBIYAPPA KUMAR SHIVA
Published: September 2021

Lipid-based drug delivery systems are extensively reported in the literature for enhancing drug solubility, permeability, and bioavailability. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) are a superior strategy for enhancing solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble compounds and the most prevailing and commercially viable oil-based approach for drugs that exhibit low dissolution rate and inadequate absorption. However, these formulations have few limitations that include in vivo drug precipitation, inferior in vitro in vivo correlation owing to unavailability of in vitro tests, handling issues of liquid formulation, and physicochemical instability of drugs. These limitations are overcome by potential systems such as supersaturable SNEDDS (S-SNEDDS) which are prepared by addition of precipitation inhibitors into formulated SNEDDS to maintain drug supersaturation post dispersion in gastrointestinal tract. These systems improve drug bioavailability and reduce the inconsistency of exposure. In addition, these formulations also help to overcome the drawbacks of liquid and capsule dosage forms. The S-SNEDDS provides an effective approach for improving the dissolution and bioavailability of anti-cancer agents. In this article, an attempt was made to present an overview of SNEDDS, S-SNEDDS, their mechanism, formulation excipients, recent advancements, advantages, and disadvantages of SNEDDS formulations. The article also focuses on reviewing the application of S-SNEDDS in enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of anti-cancer drugs in cancer therapy.
ANTIPROLIFERATIVE AND APOPTOTIC ACTIVITY OF SULFATED POLYSACCHARIDE ISOLATED FROM HYPNEA VALENTIAE RED SEAWEED IN HUMAN SKIN MALIGNANT MELANOMA CELLS
Authors: RAJENDRAN NEGHA , RAVICHANDRAN RAMYA , VEERICHETTY VEERABHUVANESHWARI
Published: September 2021

Objective: Malignant melanoma is a highly metastatic cutaneous cancer. Deregulated apoptosis has been identified as a major cause of cancer drug resistance. The objective of the study is to evaluate antiproliferative activity of Hypnea Valentiae extract in human skin malignant melanoma (SK-MEL) cells.
Methods: In this study, sulfated polysaccharide fraction was precipitated from aqueous extract obtained from H. valentiae. MTT assay was used to determine the cell viability of the crude sulfated polysaccharide against SK-MEL cells and normal L6 cell line (Rat skeletal muscle). Acridine orange (AO) and Ethidium bromide (EB) staining method was applied to study induction of apoptosis in SK-MEL cells.
Results: Dose-dependent reduction in cell viability was observed with an IC50 of 30 μg/ml in SK-MEL cancer cells. The sulfated polysaccharide treated SK-MEL cells followed by AO, EB staining, showed typical early apoptotic, and late apoptotic morphological changes.
Conclusion: The isolated crude sulfated polysaccharide from H. valentiae produced potent growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in SK-MEL cells but caused no cytotoxicity in normal L6 skeletal muscle cells.
PATTERN OF MEDICATION USE AMONG ELDERLY INPATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF NORTHEAST INDIA
Authors: DK BRAHMA , SARKAR CHAYNA , LAHON JOONMONI , WAHLANG JULIE , PK BHATTACHARYA , KG LYNRAH , NONGKYNRIH BANYLLA SHISHA , KUPAR NONGRUM PYNJOP
Published: September 2021

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to assess the pattern of medication use among elderly inpatients of internal Medicine Wards and to evaluate inappropriate prescribing with the help of Beers criteria 2019.
Methods: It was a retrospective hospital data-based study. Data were obtained from treatment charts of elderly inpatients stored in the Medical Records Department. Total 236 treatment record charts of patients ≥60 years of either sex was obtained from the period of July 2015 to December 2015 and the information were noted in predesigned pro forma.
Results: The mean±SD age of the patients was 69.07±7.72 years with male preponderance (58.5%). Maximum number of patients were having respiratory disorders (57.6%), followed by kidney diseases (20.8%), cardiovascular diseases (18.6%), and so on. A total of 2683 drugs were prescribed with average number of 10.68±4.74 drugs per prescription. Only 363 formulations were prescribed by their generic names and 29.1% drugs were prescribed as fixed dose combinations. Polypharmacy was seen in 91.5% and 39%, respectively, in hospital stay and during discharge. About 60.5% drugs were prescribed from the National list of essential medicine. Total 57 drugs were found to be potentially inappropriate. About 22% patients received at least one drug which was potentially inappropriate according to Beers criteria and around 14% drugs were prescribed inappropriately.
Conclusion: This study suggests that use of potentially inappropriate medications is common in elderly patients, some of them associated with high degree of risk in terms of worsening of the co-morbidity or drug-drug interactions. There is a need for nationwide assessment and strategies that may reduce or overcome such high prevalence.
ACUTE SUICIDAL POISONING BY ALUMINUM PHOSPHIDE: RARE CASE REPORT FROM NORTHERN RURAL INDIA
Authors: KOHLI KANIKA , SINGH RANJODH JEET , KOCHHAR SONIA
Published: September 2021

Aluminum phosphide (ALP) is a highly toxic pesticide and is lethal if abused as a suicidal agent invariably. The ALP or a celphos powder is a major contributor to mortality, as such celphos poisoning lacks a specific antidote. The management of the patients includes fast decontamination and all international protocol supportive measures. The ALP poisoning has gained enormous interest with the spike in the number of cases due to its increased use for non-agricultural purposes as well. The easy ease of availability and laxity in the implementation of the sale of pesticides has eventually led to misuse, rather an abuse for the commitment of suicide. Celphos powder is commonly available in the form of tablets. This is a case of suicidal consumption of ALP by 54 years old male, a farmer by occupation. According to our interpretation, we believe that strict implementation of pesticide laws must be enforced and suicide help awareness programs under the banner of government and non-government organizations must come in the front line up.
Los libros de la Tipografía Nacional: cultura visual y escrita del liberacionismo en Guatemala, 1954-1957
Authors: Vázquez Medeles Juan Carlos
Published: September 2021

Este trabajo presenta el repertorio bibliográfico impreso en los talleres de la Tipografía Nacional de Guatemala, a cargo de la Secretaría de Divulgación, Cultura y Turismo de la Presidencia de la República, entre 1954 y 1957. El objetivo es exponerlo como parte de la cultura escrita del liberacionismo, resaltar sus características y advertir la función que tuvo durante el gobierno de Carlos Castillo Armas. Su estudio resultó en la clasificación en dos rubros, los cuales permiten señalar sus objetivos como herramientas discursivas –el primero en la función gubernativa y el otro en calidad de propaganda– que fueron el sostén jurídico y simbólico de dicho régimen, y la estructuración del anticomunismo en Guatemala.
“El acto de leer en el mundo moderno”. De eruditione americana. Prácticas de lectura en los ámbitos académicos novohispanos
Authors: Bárcenas García Felipe
Published: September 2021

Reseña de: De eruditione americana. Prácticas de lectura en los ámbitos académicos novohispanos. Manuel Suárez Rivera, coord. México. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Bibliográficas, 2019, 268 pp. ISBN: 978-607-30-2350-4.
Reclamation of Abandoned Mine Soil: A Review on Properties and Remediation Techniques
Authors: K Suchitra
Published: September 2021

Abstract: The environment which is a part of ecosystem is being polluted due to urbanization, rapid industrialization increased demands for resources in our day to day lives have left no resources untouched. Various anthropogenic activities such as mining and milling operations, which include grinding, screening, concentrating ores and removal of tailings, disposal of mine and mill waste water release toxic metals into the natural environment affecting the lithosphere. Reclamation is the process of restoring the environmental soundness of these distressed mine lands. It consists of governing all kinds of physical, chemical and biological inconvenience of land area or soil such as fertility, pH, microbial activities and different soil nutrient cycles that make the destructed land soil fertile. The main aim of the reclamation is to bring back the fertility of soil by increasing its N, P, K values and Carbon contents. There are various remediation technologies available for removal of heavy metal from contaminated mine soil, in this paper we have discussed in-situ remediation, physical remediation, chemical remediation and biological remediation technologies which are implemented across the globe.
Migration Issues in Cloud Computing
Authors: E Dr. Shamsudeen
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Cloud computing rules in the new digital transformation world and gets wide acceptance in the field of business. The cloud can solve many problems like scalability of the business, flexibility of the business, cost and performance that may come across while running an enterprise. In fact, by digital transformation, fixed costs may get reduced, a more flexible allocation of resources is possible, faster development of the enterprise is resulted, worldwide reach is through the cloud highly appreciable, a safer change control process, and faster time-to-market with objectively better products. Even though it promises many benefits, it is not an easy task to migrate to cloud platform from a current conventional business platform. Cloud migration introduces its own issues. While looking for migrating business from on-premises to cloud, many challenges should be kept in mind for successful migration. Keywords: Cloud migration, digital transformation
Smart Walking Stick with Fall detector
Authors: Nalawade Vaishnavi
Published: September 2021

Abstract: There are many aged people in our surrounding. They can’t walk without the help of other people of the society. One has to ask guidance to reach their destination. They have to face more struggles in their daily life. Today technology is growing to a greater extent, however there is no cost-effective device for aged people. The history of walking stick can be traced far back when the simple wooden stick was used by human for support. James Biggs of Bristol claims to have invented the walking stick in the year 1921. For an aged person it becomes difficult to do his/her day-to-day activities, therefore Smart walking stick can help people in moving and allowing them to perform their work easily, during walking in the street, which makes it very dangerous. GPS is used which tells the user about his current location. Keywords: Fall detector, Stick, GPS, GSM Module, LDR sensor, Torch.
Review: Li-ion Batteries: Basics, Advancement, Challenges & Applications in Military
Authors: Kushwaha Lt. Col Pankaj
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Li-ion battery technology has become very important in recent years as these batteries show great promise as power source. They power most of today’s portable devices and seem to overcome the psychological barriers against the use of such high energy density devices on a larger scale. Lithium-ion batteries are being widely used in military applications for over a decade. These man portable applications include tactical radios, thermal imagers, ECM, ESM, and portable computing. In the next five years, due to the rapid inventions going on in li-ion batteries, the usage of lithium batteries will further expand to heavy-duty platforms, such as military vehicles, boats, shelter applications, aircraft and missiles. The aim of this paper is to review key aspects of Li-ion batteries, the basic science behind their operation, the most relevant components, anodes, cathodes, electrolyte solution as well as important future directions for R&D of advanced Li-ion batteries for demanding use in Indian Armed Forces which are deployed in very harsh conditions across the country. Keywords: Li-ion Battery, NiCd battery
Luiz Antonio Machado da Silva: an intellectual of the most “refined demeanor” in Brazilian Social Sciences
Authors: Leite Márcia Pereira , Araujo Marcella , Menezes Palloma
Published: September 2021

In this article, we recall the legacy of Luiz Antonio Machado da Silva, a victim of COVID-19 in 2020, for Brazilian Social Sciences and, more specifically, Urban Sociology. This was the field to which Machado had dedicated himself during more than 50 years of research and studies, opening new paths and analytical perspectives for the study of life on the “margins” (favelas and peripheries of large cities - contemplated through the city of Rio de Janeiro, where he lived and conducted his research). Within different contexts, Machado analyzed the State production of “urban marginality”, seeking to understand the life experiences, survival strategies, political struggles and challenges of the urban popular strata. As of the 1990s, he also dedicated himself to analyzing the effects caused by the erosion of the world of work and by state regulation that erstwhile accompanied it, thereby guaranteeing a minimum of rights and some social integration. Thus, within this context, he directed his analytical efforts towards understand both the meaning and the uses of the category of informality, and above all, was attentive to and concerned with the effects brought by the emergence of violent crime from within an urban structure torn apart by the labor crisis, as the social foundation to the times of deconstruction of our institutional and political paradigm of social integration. Since it would be impossible to gauge the true grandeur of his work, we have sought to reconstruct just a part of his research trajectory and his analytical contribution to Urban Sociology within the different contexts. We also emphasize a lesser known aspect of Machado: that of a public intellectual who always sought to intervene in the public debate regarding the place of the urban popular classes within the city.
Comissão de Desfavelamento e as representações da pobreza em Belo Horizonte na década de 1950
Authors: Oliveira Samuel Silva Rodrigues de
Published: September 2021

O artigo analisa as fotografias das favelas de Belo Horizonte elaboradas pela Comissão de Desfavelamento. Em 1955, a Comissão foi criada pelo prefeito Celso Mello de Azevedo para estudar e propor uma solução ao “problema das favelas”. As fotografias foram usadas nos relatórios de análise social e na retórica política que justificava a criação de um órgão para o “desfavelamento” de Belo Horizonte. As imagens dialogavam com a cultura urbana da capital do estado da época, e, com base no olhar de engenheiros, advogados e assistentes sociais da Comissão de Desfavelamento, criavam uma visualidade que justificava certa governabilidade para a questão das favelas na cidade.
Condições de viabilidade para a regularização fundiária plena: uma problematização a partir da experiência de Juiz de Fora (MG)
Authors: Granja Laura Santos , Magalhães Alex Ferreira
Published: September 2021

A partir de uma abordagem de cunho teórico-prático, cuja empiria se baseia na experiência do município de Juiz de Fora (MG) com ações de regularização fundiária, o artigo busca refletir, de maneira contextualizada, sobre o desenho, o processo e o momento “pós-intervenção” da regularização de assentamentos urbanos de baixa renda. Apesar de avaliar que a experiência estudada ficou aquém do atendimento do conceito de regularização fundiária plena, o trabalho sistematiza pressupostos e lições que dela emergiram, propondo algumas balizas para a atualização do conceito e das práticas em questão. É dada atenção especial aos beneficiários da regularização, contrastando a visão recorrente de que eles são meros "parceiros” com a perspectiva que os situa como protagonistas do processo.
Assessing the georeferencing accuracy of different amount of image stripes for linear UAV projects
Authors: El Sheshtawy Amr Mahmoud , Limonov Anatoly N. , Gavrilova Larisa A. , Elshewy Mohamed A.
Published: September 2021

At present, the results of photogrammetric processing of images obtained from UAVs (orthophoto mosaics, digital elevation models, etc.) are widely used for environmental studies. Such materials are especially relevant and in demand for environmental monitoring of hard-to-reach objects. In addition, UAV survey materials are indispensable for impact monitoring, in which observation, assessment and forecast of the state of the natural environment in areas where hazardous and potentially hazardous (NPP) sources of anthropogenic impact are located are carried out. Regardless of the method of georeferencing of images - direct or indirect - the accuracy of the generated product is evaluated by ground control points. The purpose of this study is to assess the accuracy of photogrammetric constructions depending on the number of strips when surveying linear objects from UAVs and on the number of control points used in indirect georeferencing. Five groups of experiments were carried out during the study, three in each group with a different number of strips (from one to three). Five groups are conventionally combined into two sections. In the first section, direct and indirect georeferencing techniques were used with three locally located control points. In the second section, the method of indirect georeferencing was used with a different number of ground control points: six, twelve and thirty-four. Estimates of the accuracy of various tests have shown that an increase in the number of strips does not always lead to an increase in accuracy.
Moving towards sustainable development goals: initiatives of Bangladeshi youth organizations during corona outbreak
Authors: Kamruzzaman Sayed Md.
Published: September 2021

The purposes of this paper are to measure youth organizations contribution during corona crisis that has impact on SDGs, to know the activities that have done for the society to identify which activity have impact on which SDGs, thus, it can be measured the sustainability of the organization itself. Bangladesh marching towards sustainable development goals undoubtedly will reach its apex by 2030; Bangladeshi youth are dedicating themselves broader during this pandemic. Youth organizations are straight away there for nations by providing relief, creating awareness in the society, health assistance such that providing PPE stocks (masks, hand sanitizers and PPE suits) and through lump sum donations. The statistical analysis has been done in SPSS and the respondents are from Bangladesh covering eight districts. Youth organizations from Dhaka and Chittagong are the top tier actors; the main goal of this study is to measure the Bangladeshi youth-led organizations contribution during corona crisis and to know the challenges they faced while working on field, and besides, how the funds they have raised to implement their goals. This paper defines the brief visualization of the parameters (location of youth organizations in Bangladesh, amount of funds, approaches of raising funds, reviews of government and member supports, reviews about the health consciousness against corona virus among Bangladeshis, brief discussion on youth organizations expectations to combat those challenges they faced during societal contribution in Bangladesh) to extract their contributions impact over Bangladeshi community during corona crisis. Youth organizations rated member support, government support. Their initiatives have impact on goals 1, 2, 8, 10, 11. These youth led organizations have great impact on social change, culture and beliefs thus contributing to SDG 11 (cities and communities); the findings will act as their means of advocacy by notifying stakeholders and will motive youth leaders.