bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine learning for predicting chemical system behaviour of CaO-MgO-SiO2-Al2O3 steelmaking slags case study
Authors:   RHI Magnesita, Laidens B , Bielefeldt W ,   Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Souza D ,   RHI Magnesita
Published: September 2024

The CaO-MgO-SiO2-Al2O3 system, characterised by its intricate phases and thermodynamic properties, plays a pivotal role in steel secondary refining processes, encompassing desulfurisation, non-metallic inclusion capture, and refractory protection. Accurate predictions for diverse industrial applications, including metallurgy, ceramics, and materials science, are imperative. To address this challenge, a combination of machine learning techniques will be specifically applied to model the liquid fraction of the slag and the solid fraction of MgO. The development of an artificial intelligence (AI) system, leveraging various machine learning techniques, has gained momentum in this project. The focus of this work is on constructing an AI model, based on machine learning techniques, within the CaO-MgO-SiO2-Al2O3 system, utilising simulation results from FactSage™, version 8.1 (by GTT Technologies). The primary objective is to train the AI model using these simulation outputs to predict the percentage of liquid fraction and MgO saturation based on chemical composition parameters. The AI model will undergo training with a comprehensive data set of simulations within the CaO-MgO-SiO2-Al2O3 system, covering a diverse range of compositional at 1873 K. These simulations, conducted through FactSage™ 8.1 software, provide a robust foundation for AI model training, ensuring generalisability and precise predictions for the liquid fraction of the slag and the solid fraction of MgO, the solid fraction of MgO in this case is determined by the difference between the total MgO and the MgO in the liquid fraction, so it is not the objective of this study to determine which phase of MgO is in the solid state.. The predictive capabilities of this AI model hold significant implications for process optimisation, quality control, and decision-making in CaO-MgO-SiO2-Al2O3-dependent industries. Precise estimations of the liquid fraction and MgO saturation empower researchers and engineers to enhance operational efficiency and quality. This paper explores the methodologies employed for AI model creation and training, achieved results in terms of prediction accuracy, and potential applications in the field. The development of this AI system signifies a notable advancement in utilising machine learning for better comprehension and control of complex chemical systems. Furthermore, to align the study with real-world steel production, we introduce FeO and MnO at concentrations of 2 per cent and 1 per cent at 1873 K, respectively, following the validation of model results using the CaO-MgO-SiO2-Al2O3 system. This adjustment aims to bring the study closer to the observed reality in steel mills globally.
Boron removal through multistage refining treatment using CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 slag
Authors:   Swinburne University of Technology, Putera A D P , Avarmaa K L ,   Swinburne University of Technology, Petrus H T B M ,   Universitas Gadjah Mada, Brooks G A ,   Swinburne University of Technology, Rhamdhani M A ,   Swinburne University of Technology
Published: September 2024

Multistage slag treatment was carried out to investigate boron removal from metallurgical grade silicon. Boron is known to be one of the most difficult elements to remove from silicon. Depending on boron initial concentration, boron can be removed from silicon into certain level; most previous studies have attained final 50–100 ppmw (parts per million weight) boron in the silicon using slag treatment. The term ‘multistage’ refers to a process where the resulting silicon from the initial slag treatment is further refined multiple times using a new slag. In this study, an initial slag composition of 45CaO-45SiO2-10Al2O3 (wt per cent) was utilised. Using this technique, boron level in the silicon was expected to be gradually lowered because the new slag will always have more capacity to reach the equilibrium distribution coefficient (LB = (ppmwB)slag/(ppmwB)Si). The current study was carried out through combined thermodynamic calculations (using FactSage™ ver 8.2, by Thermfact Ltd, thermochemical package) and high-temperature experimentation. The thermodynamic calculations were carried out for reactions at 1500, 1550, and 1600°C for three different scenarios: 1. Single stage refining with varied slag to Si ratio. 2. Multistage refining with slag to Si ratio of 1:1. 3. Multistage refining with slag to Si ratio of 2:1. The multistage experimental work was carried out at 1550°C under inert gas atmosphere each time for 2 hrs, with slag to Si ratio of 2:1. The simulation results indicate that the boron distribution coefficient stay essentially constant with varying slag to Si ratio and temperature, around 1.8 to 2, and the experimental results measured LB in the same range, between 1.5 and 2.5. By harnessing this feature, the simulation showed that boron can be removed by approximately 78 per cent in each stage. The experimental result confirmed that the boron concentration in the silicon was reduced by a total of 97.8 per cent from its initial value using four stages of slag treatment, from initial 270 ppmw down to 6 ppmw.
Phase equilibrium study in the sodium metasilicate primary phase field of PbO-Na2O-SiO2 system between 800 and 1000°C
Authors:   University of Toronto, Ling X , Moosavi-Khoonsari E ,   École de technologie supérieure (ÉTS), Barati M ,   University of Toronto
Published: September 2024

In the pyrometallurgical process of secondary lead recycling, a desulfurising agent, such as Na2CO3 is added to minimise the emissions of sulfur into the atmosphere, while silica is introduced into the smelter as a fluxing material. Subsequently, a significant amount of Na2O and SiO2 remains in the downstream reverberatory furnace and blast furnace slags. However, there is limited understanding of the thermodynamic behaviour of silicate-based lead slags rich in Na2O, posing challenges in accurately determining the optimal condition for targeted metal recovery and final slag composition. In this work, the equilibrium phase relations of the PbO-Na2O-SiO2 system in the primary phase field of Na2SiO3 are studied from 800 to 1000°C via equilibration-quenching method. Samples with different compositions were prepared and held in platinum capsules in air at these temperatures to reach equilibrium. The equilibrated samples were subsequently quenched and the phase compositions were measured by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The results were then compared to those of previous studies and any discrepancies were resolved.
Comparative dissolution behaviours of recycled cement paste and lime in EAF slag under static conditions
Authors:   University of Warwick, Yang M , Yan Z ,   University of Warwick, Li Z ,   University of Warwick
Published: September 2024

Recycled cement paste (RCP) is a kind of CaO-rich recourse, which is separated and recycled from waste concrete. Due to its chemical composition, RCP could partially replace lime as a flux and be loaded into electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking process. Rapid RCP assimilation and liquid slag formation have significant effects on EAF steelmaking process. In this study, the dissolution behaviours of RCP and lime at temperatures of 1400°C to 1500°C were investigated using static dissolution experiment. The dissolution rate, interfacial microstructure, as well as dissolution mechanisms were discussed. It was found that the dissolution rate of RCP was much higher than that of lime. RCP could be completely dissolved into slag in 60 secs at 1500°C. The dissolution rate of lime was in range of 3.910-4 g/(cm2ꞏs) to 2.610-3 g/(cm2ꞏs), while that for RCP was in range of 1.510-3 g/(cm2ꞏs) to 4.910-3 g/(cm2ꞏs). As for lime dissolution, a dense layer of dicalcium silicate (C2S) generated at the dissolution interface, and the diffusion of Ca2+ in C2S layer was the limited step for lime dissolution. Some of calcium ferrite could be observed at the interface between lime and C2S layer. As for the RCP dissolution, there is no obvious product layer of C2S formed at the dissolution interface, Fe2+ continuously diffused into RCP layer during the dissolution, and small amount of FeOꞏMgO solid solution generated and gathered at the dissolution interface. The dissolution rate of RCP in EAF slag was quite higher than that of lime, partially add RCP as flux in EAF could accelerate the slag formation process.
Physicochemical properties of steelmaking slags for the mitigation of CO2 emissions in steel sector
Authors:   Hanyang University, Lee M J , Heo J H ,   Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Park J H ,   Hanyang University
Published: September 2024

In this paper, the challenging points regarding the high temperature physical chemistry of slags to achieve the improved and stable electric arc furnace (EAF) or electric smelting furnace (ESF) technology on the way to green steel will be reviewed, and the recent experimental and modelling research will be discussed. For example, the initial melting phenomena of hot briquetted iron (HBI) and the slag formation behaviour was observed using a high-frequency induction furnace. Main component of gangue oxides in HBI was SiO2, Al2O3, and CaO in conjunction with unreduced iron oxide. To increase the dephosphorisation efficiency, the distribution ratio of phosphorus between metal and slag was calculated using FactSage™ software, version 8.2 (CRCT ThermFact, Inc., Montreal, Canada) and was compared to the measured results. The optimisation of slag chemistry is required not only for maximum dephosphorisation efficiency with good slag foamability but also for minimum slag volume with less refractory corrosion in EAF process. The slag chemistry is also one of key parameters affecting the operation efficiency in ESF in view of FeO reduction behaviour, viscosity, sulfide capacity, etc.
Ionic structure analysis of relaxed surface of molten oxide slags for surface tension modelling
Authors:   Osaka University, Suzuki M
Published: September 2024

Although several models for the surface tension of molten oxide slag have been proposed, suitably accurate predictions of this property are not yet possible. The surface tension, or surface excess free energy, of molten oxides is largely determined by the ionic coordination induced by surface relaxation. However, the associated mechanism of surface structural relaxation for molten oxide mixtures such as slag is complex and not yet fully understood. To allow a better evaluation of surface relaxation characteristics, the present work analysed the ionic coordination associated with the surface-relaxed states of several oxide mixtures. This work especially focused on calcium aluminate slags because these materials exhibit complex relationships between composition and surface tension. The effects of incorporating low concentrations of SiO2 as a surface active component on the surface ionic coordination were also examined. X-ray absorption techniques were used to assess oxygen and cationic elements in glassy samples after surface relaxation treatments, and molecular dynamics simulations based on a polarisable ion model of molten slag with vacuum/melt interfaces were also performed. The X-ray absorption techniques provided data related to electron yields (which are primarily associated with surface features) and fluorescence yields (which evaluate the bulk material). Thus, the ionic coordination characteristics of both regions were investigated. The results of molecular dynamics calculations allowed statistical analysis of the distributions of Al- or Si-centred polymorphs as well as the bond angles between cations and oxygen anions in the vacuum-exposed and bulk regions in the equilibrated melt. The results indicated that bridging oxygen ions were preferentially distributed in the relaxed surface region rather than non-bridging oxygens. These bridging oxygen ions represented vertex connections between AlO4 or SiO4 tetrahedra. In the case of the calcium aluminate slags, the addition of one Ca2+ ion as charge compensation for two Al3+ ions was found to be necessary to form two AlO4 tetrahedra. This specific feature of surface ionic coordination could be responsible for the complex trends observed in surface tension data. The incorporation of low concentrations of SiO2 reduced the proportion of tetrahedrally-coordinated Al ions such that higher coordination states become dominant in the bulk of the material, whereas AlO4 tetrahedra were preferentially distributed in the surface region. SiO4 tetrahedra were the preferred Si-centred polymorph and were likely connected to one another to form bridging oxygen ions at the surface. On the basis of these results, a model to predict slag surface tension was proposed, and the energy of the formation of the ionic clusters resulting from surface relaxation was taken into account.
Monitoring Sb in lead refining using advanced techniques in Industry 4.0
Authors:   Umicore, Van den Bulck A , De Staercke T ,   Umicore, Zummar S ,   Umicore, Van Rompaey T ,   Umicore
Published: September 2024

An increase of 22 per cent in lead usage is expected in the European Union by 2050. During lead refining, the Harris process is a critical step in which a salt melt is used to remove arsenic, tin and antimony. During this process, the caustic salt melt absorbs these impurities, requiring regular evacuation before saturation. Current metallurgical practices for: 1) determining the end point of the lead alloy involve time-consuming sampling and offline analysis, and 2) determining the end point of the caustic salt melt are based on subjective visual observations by the operator. In the context of Industry 4.0 concept, automating these processes becomes desirable, as smart sensors systematically collect real-time data in an unbiased manner. This research focuses on monitoring the Harris refining process using objective methodologies. Two different methodologies are investigated. The first methodology focuses on electrical conductivity changes of the caustic salt melt as function of Sb content. For this study, synthetic and industrial samples are used. A lab-scale electrical conductivity set-up was built to accommodate the aggressiveness of the salt melt. Initial findings suggest a promising relationship between electrical conductivity and Sb content in the caustic salt melt. Although the results are preliminary, the study provides valuable insights by enabling real-time measurements. The second methodology focuses on measuring the electromotive force (EMF) in lead doped with Sb at pilot-scale. Multiple probes are reevaluated for their effectiveness in Sb measurement. Ultimately, a partially stabilised MgO probe with Ni as a reference, without cardboard and copper protection caps, yields promising results. A correlation between EMF and Sb content is observed. However, repeatability issues arise due to possible wire interference at low temperatures. The results underscore the potential of advanced measurement techniques in optimising lead alloy production within the context of Industry 4.0.
Viscosity of foaming fluid measured by falling-ball method
Authors:   Tohoku University, Ueda S , Iwama T ,   Tohoku University, Mita Y ,   Tohoku University, Inoue R ,   Tohoku University
Published: September 2024

In the iron and steel manufacturing industries, efforts are being made to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, and the transition from a coal-based steelmaking process to that utilising renewable energy is being pursued. An alternative process in which directly hydrogen-reduced iron is melted in an electric furnace is being investigated. It is known that foaming slag reduces heat loss from the steel bath in electric arc furnace, but iron loss due to the suspension of steel particles in the slag is indispensable. To improve the separation of steel particles from the slag, the control of the slag viscosity is important. Although the slag viscosity has been extensively studied, in those studies the slag was considered to be a simple liquid. However, in actual operations, slag is a multiphase fluid consisting of solid, gas and liquid phases. Therefore, in this study, by measuring the sedimentation velocity of titanium, stainless steel and glass spheres in an aqueous glycerin solution containing bubbles generated by the reaction between NaHCO3 and C2H2O4, the apparent viscosity of the gas-liquid fluid was evaluated based on Stoke’s law. It was found that the apparent viscosity of the gas-liquid fluid is larger than the viscosity of liquid phase and depends on both the bubble volume ratio in solution and the density of the falling solid sphere, and the apparent viscosity was different from that previously obtained by the rotation method. The apparent viscosity derived from the sedimentation velocity of solid spheres changed depending on the specific gravity of the ball. This is because the apparent viscosity is derived from the velocity of a ball falling in a static bubble in this method, whereas that is derived from the force applied by a stationary flow in the rotational method.
Fusion of molten phase R&D into the metallurgical industry to drive circularity
Authors:   Glencore Technology, Nikolic S , Burrows A ,   Glencore, Nicol S L ,   Glencore Technology, Mendoza O J ,   Glencore Technology, Hogg B J ,   Glencore Technology
Published: September 2024

The top submerged lance (TSL) technology, developed in the 1970s, is now widely used for the processing of a range of materials. The key advantage the ISASMELT™ TSL technology provided was the ability to process feed materials in a highly turbulent bath, reaching close to equilibrium conditions, uniquely allowing for operation below the liquidus of the molten slag phase. The details on what happened below the liquidus line in the phase diagram became critical for the successful operation of the technology. During the development of the ISASMELT™ technology this led to a collaboration between the Process Technology group of Mount Isa Mines, now part of Glencore Technology, and the Pyrometallurgy Research Centre (PYROSEARCH) at The University of Queensland. The fusion of the phase equilibria research into the technology development allowed for understanding of the behaviour of molten splash, reliable tapping of the furnace, and the ability to operate the furnace with a refractory lining and achieve a year campaign life in excess of four years. The outcome has allowed for the highly successful adaption of the ISASMELT™ technology to recycling of complex feed streams necessary to drive circularity in our modern global economy.
Understanding zinc-containing species in basic oxygen steelmaking dust
Authors:   University of Wollongong, Longbottom R J , Pinson D J ,   BlueScope Coke and Ironmaking Technology,   ARC Research Hub for Australian Steel Innovation, Chew S J ,   BlueScope Coke and Ironmaking Technology,   ARC Research Hub for Australian Steel Innovation, Monaghan B J ,   University of Wollongong,   ARC Research Hub for Australian Steel Innovation
Published: September 2024

Recycling steel plant by-products is a critical issue for achieving both environmental and economic sustainability of integrated steel plants. A key steel plant by-product stream is dust from basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS), which can be recycled back to the BOS vessel as iron units and to aid slag formation. The major limitations for its recycling are zinc and the uncertainty in zinc speciation of the dust. This uncertainty affects the amount of dust recycled and how it interacts with the slag during processing. BOS dust in stockpiles can undergo self-sintering reactions that oxidise the iron-bearing components. As this occurs, zinc (or oxide) may combine with iron oxides to form a zinc-iron spinel solid solution phase. Knowing which zinc-bearing species are present in the BOS dust is a key aspect in understanding and developing an efficient recycling process for the dust. To overcome difficulties associated with phase identification in the BOS dust (both fresh and self-sintered), particularly the magnetite-zinc ferrite spinel solid solution using X-ray diffraction (XRD) / scanning electron microscopy (SEM) / energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), high end characterisation tools, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Mössbauer spectroscopy, were also used. Such an approach allowed improved phase identification of key zinc- and iron-bearing phases that were not previously resolvable. The zinc in fresh BOS dust was mostly present as extremely fine separate particles of zinc oxide, attached to the iron particles. These extremely fine particles were <10 nm in size. Additionally, a small amount of zinc ferrite was also identified within the sample (most likely contained within a magnetite-zinc ferrite spinel solid solution). However, the zinc in the self-sintered BOS dust, was found to be present entirely in a magnetite-zinc ferrite spinel solid solution. While this spinel phase had been previously identified by XRD, it was not clear that it contained zinc. The Mössbauer results provided definitive evidence of zinc within the spinel phase.
In situ observation of phase transition of silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminium
Authors:   Korea University, Kim H , Park J ,   POSCO, Lee J ,   Korea University
Published: September 2024

Silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminium (SFCA) is a bonding phase in the iron ore sinter. The phase transition upon melting of SFCA was investigated with Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope. The initial melting of SFCA occurred at 1183.2°C and a massive melting was found at around 1351.1–1358.2°C. A phase transition-melting was investigated at 1476.5–1478.7°C. The liquid phase was composed of immiscible phases. The present results would be utilised to design a new iron ore sinter for better processing performance in a hydrogen-enriched ironmaking process.
Molecular dynamics simulation of viscosity of selected pure oxide melts
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moiseev A E , Kondratiev A ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: September 2024

Viscosity of oxide melts is one of the fundamental physicochemical properties that plays a crucial role in important technological and natural processes like slag flow, slag/metal separation, volcano eruptions etc. However, many oxides melt at extremely high temperatures and are highly corrosive in the liquid state, which makes experimental measurement of melt viscosity by traditional experimental techniques a difficult and expensive, if not unachievable, task. In this case it might be useful to employ other methods of viscosity determination such as modelling or simulation. In the present paper the shear viscosity coefficients of selected pure refractory oxides (CaO, MgO, Al2O3 and others) have been simulated at temperatures above their melting points via the classical molecular dynamics and compared to the available viscosity data (eg experimental viscosities, other model predictions) collected by the authors. The simulation has been carried out using the non-commercial molecular dynamics simulation package LAMMPS and the Born-Mayer-Huggins potential, which parameters for the selected oxides were taken from the literature. Several viscosity calculation techniques (the Stokes-Einstein and Green-Kubo equations, the so called Einstein relations, and the non-equilibrium molecular dynamics methods) have been applied to ensure a more reliable viscosity calculation. It has been demonstrated that the simulated viscosity of the selected melts agrees with the available experimental data. It has also been shown that the simulated viscosity of a number of the oxide melts investigated is close to that calculated by phenomenological viscosity models, which supports viscosity extrapolation from the corresponding binaries and ternaries, if no experimental data is present for unary systems. In general, it has been demonstrated that the molecular dynamics simulation could provide a reasonable estimation of viscosity if no other viscosity data is available.
Comparative study of oxide dissolution modelling in secondary steelmaking slags
Authors:   Christian Doppler Laboratory for Inclusion Metallurgy in Advanced Steelmaking, Preisser N , Michelic S K ,   Christian Doppler Laboratory for Inclusion Metallurgy in Advanced Steelmaking
Published: September 2024

For certain applications, steels have to feature a very distinct and well-defined level of cleanness in terms of the number and composition of non-metallic inclusions. Therefore, one crucial aspect of steelmaking is removing and controlling said non-metallic inclusions during the process. Particle removal during ladle refining comprises three stages, namely: 1. Flotation 2. Transport through the steel/slag interface 3. Dissolution of the particle in the slag. Only if all three stages are completed the particle can be considered as fully removed from the steel melt which, in turn, leads to the slag being one of the most influential parameters for inclusion removal and control. Depending on the composition of the particles and the slag, the dissolution can be controlled by different mechanisms. This study focuses on the diffusion-controlled dissolution of solid oxidic particles in slags. For this, a model of particle dissolution has been developed. For modelling diffusion, either the differential equation following Fick’s second law can be solved, or an analytical solution to this equation valid for stationary interfaces can be used. Both approaches allow for calculations of concentration profiles of the dissolving species in surrounding slag. From this, the mass flux can be derived, which finally leads to calculating the boundary layer velocity due to considerations of mass balance. In this work, both methods as well as results of dissolution experiments using High Temperature Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy are compared. This research aims to provide a framework for diffusion-based dissolution modelling in further expanding the understanding of particle dissolution in secondary metallurgy.
Hy3 (Hy-cube) project – Hyundai Steel’s carbon neutral strategy
Authors:   Hyundai Steel, Kim H , Sun M J ,   Hyundai Steel
Published: September 2024

In order to reduce carbon emissions from the steelmaking process and achieve carbon neutrality, global steel companies are establishing their own medium to long-term strategies and implementation plans using competitive technological advantages held by each steel company. At this point, Hyundai Steel has formulated a product-oriented carbon-neutral strategy based on innovative processing that makes use of Hyundai Steel’s own strength. Based on our experience in electric arc furnace product manufacturing and blast furnace operation in an integrated steel mill, Hyundai Steel is driving the Hy3 (Hy-cube) project, which involves a unique hybrid production system utilising hydrogen and hydrogen-based renewable energy sources. This initiative aims to achieve carbon-neutral production and eventually specialise in producing premium carbon-neutral automotive parts. The project has originality in that it involves not only designing processes using electric furnaces to produce premium steel products such as car body panels and electrical steel sheets, but also aims to reduce carbon emissions from the process, developing carbon-neutral products based on market demand. To assess the feasibility of the Hy3 project, Hyundai Steel conducted two pilot productions. The first pilot was producing a prototype of lower-arm part using electric arc furnace with three different kinds of raw materials: molten iron, HBI (hot briquetted iron), and scrap. Successful performance evaluation of auto parts with 1 GPa strength was achieved. The second pilot has been focused on tire cord steel, with the first-phase tests yielding a 33 per cent reduction in carbon footprint (CFP). Using the advantages of operating experience in electric arc furnace, Hyundai Steel is preparing for test operations producing various automotive parts using an electric arc furnace (EAF) to advance the Hy3 concept. From a medium to long-term technological development perspective, Hyundai Steel’s blueprint includes producing high-end carbon-neutral steel products using hydrogen-reduced iron as raw material.
Lessons learned from attempts at minimising CO2 emissions in process metallurgy – pyrolysed secondary raw materials, bio-coke, and hydrogen as alternative reducing agents
Authors:   RWTH Aachen University, Diaz F , Sommerfeld M ,   RWTH Aachen University, Hovestadt G ,   RWTH Aachen University, Latacz D ,   RWTH Aachen University, Friedrich B ,   RWTH Aachen University
Published: September 2024

The metallurgical sector significantly contributes to the global carbon footprint and encounters the challenge of developing more sustainable production methods. This study introduces novel approaches aimed at reducing CO2 emissions within the industrial sector, some of which have been developed up to the demonstration scale. In two case studies, urban waste from the agricultural sector (corn, olives, coconut etc) and waste electrical or electronic equipment (WEEE) recycling residues (shredder light fractions (SLF)) were subjected to thermal treatment. The resulting materials were then used as substitutes for conventional fossil-based reducing agents in both the copper and ferroalloy industries. Furthermore, hydrogen was employed at different scales to assess its efficacy as a reducing agent for recovering metal oxides from fayalitic copper slags. Our findings reveal promising prospects and defined specific challenges for the integration of these alternative reducing agents in the industry. The synergistic use of pyrolysed SLF, bio-coke, and hydrogen presents a viable pathway to significantly diminish CO2 emissions while simultaneously improving the sustainability of the metallurgical sector.
Análisis de focos de calor para el departamento del Tolima (Colombia). Una aproximación empleando MODIS
Authors: Perea Ardila Mauricio Alejandro , Leal Villamil Julian , Alvarado Swanni Tatiana
Published: September 2024

Forest fires in Colombia are increasingly catastrophic. The lack of studies in the Andean region makes it difficult to understand their causes and long-term effects. This study in the department of Tolima analyzed active fires from the MODIS sensor between 2001 and 2022 and their relationship with variables such as monthly precipitation, vegetation cover, and terrain elevation. Geographic Information Systems were used and the variables in the study area were analyzed by spatial correlation and geoprocessing. A total of 7334 active fires were found, with bimodal patterns, August and September being the months with the highest number of records. Monthly precipitation showed a low correlation with the presence of active fire, and the affected areas included forests and non-forest cover below 1000 m of altitude. The results contribute to the understanding of fires at the departmental level.
Frequency Analysis of Annual One Day Maximum Rainfall at Faisalabad, Lahore and Multan (Punjab)
Authors: Ali Nazakat , Bilal Ahmad Hafiz , Shahzad Amir , Abbas Adill
Published: September 2024

Effective management of water systems and seepage projects depends on accurate precipitation data, particularly annual daily maximum precipitation, which is essential for designing hydraulic structures. This study conducts a frequency analysis of annual daily maximum precipitation for Faisalabad, Lahore, and Multan in Punjab, Pakistan, using over 50 years of historical data from these three stations. The analysis, performed with RAINBOW software, evaluates five probability distributions—normal, log-normal, weibull, gamma, and exponential. The fit of these distributions was assessed using Chi-square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and Anderson-Darling tests at significance levels of 5%, 10%, and 20%. Results indicate that the Weibull and Log-normal distributions most accurately represent the precipitation data. Based on this analysis, the study estimates the magnitude of maximum annual precipitation for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years. The findings aim to improve water management strategies, enhance flood and drought prevention measures, and optimize the hydraulic design of seepage structures, contributing to more effective planning and resilience in the face of extreme weather events.
Indicators of scientific production on Health Policy
Authors: Gonzalez-Argote Javier , Maldonado Emanuel Jose
Published: September 2024

Introduction: health and its maintenance constitute one of the main assets of man at any stage of his history. The implementation of health policies is aimed at solving global health problems that affect the population.Objective: characterize the scientific production on Health Policy in SCOPUSMethod: an observational, descriptive, bibliometric study was developed. A total of 229,339 articles were worked on. The SCOPUS database was used to collect the information; especially the SciVal tool for the analysis of information and the study of indicators. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze the information.Results: a total of 229,339 articles were analyzed; equivalent to 2,471,305 appointments in the study period. I highlight the year 2023 with the highest number of articles published (31,982; 13.94%). The United States stood out with the highest number of articles published with 79,708 investigations (34.75%). The articles published in the journal BMC Health Services Research stood out with 10,425 investigations (23%). The largest number of articles were located in the health and health services categoryConclusions: scientific production related to Health Policy showed heterogeneous but constant growth, in contrast to the number of citations. The publications were related to the largest centers of scientific production. The research topics were directed with greater interest towards the quality of health services and assistance according to age groups
Nursing care of a patient with twin gestation and preeclampsia in the Gynecology Department of a Lima clinic
Authors: Salazar A Josselyn-Andrea , Salcedo Victcely-DelCarmen , Vivanco-Hilario Sofía D. , Morales-García Wilter C.
Published: September 2024

Preeclampsia is a public health problem and one of the main causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, manifested by hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, early diagnosis is essential to reduce complications. With the objective of describing the nursing care in a patient with twin pregnancy and preeclampsia from the gynecology service of a clinic in Lima. The study was carried out with a qualitative approach, single case type, applying the nursing care process (PAE), the assessment guide of the 11 functional patterns of Marjory Gordon in a 33-year-old patient with a 30-year-old twin gestation was used as an instrument. weeks and with preeclampsia. In the results, eight altered functional patterns were identified, prioritizing the sexuality/reproduction pattern: Risk of alteration of the maternal-fetal dyad as evidenced by inadequate prenatal care associated with pregnancy complications. The applied interventions were effective, appreciating the decrease in the risks of preeclampsia; however, faced with the problem of complication of the prenatal period: Risk of malignant hypertension related to pregnancy, the clinical manifestations were stabilized. In conclusion, it was possible to identify the clinical characteristics of the patient with a twin pregnancy with preeclampsia, as well as the identification and description of the risk factors, which allowed highlighting the importance of nursing care, through the development of a care plan. individualized nursing care to reduce complications in the maternal-fetal dyad, framed in the nursing process that identified problems and risks of complications, and at the same time, allowed timely and quality care to be provided.
Data processing in internet of things networks
Authors: Askerov Taleh , Abdullayev Vugar , Abuzarova Vusala , Niu Yitong , Singh Khushwant
Published: September 2024

One of the distinctive features of cloud applications in the Internet of Things (IoT) network is the real-time collection and processing of data about the objects of the physical environment. To solve this problem, with the help of sensors, data about the state of physical objects is collected to form the processing of data streams. The performance of such systems is critically dependent on the ability to securely and efficiently collect, transmit, and analyze data streams between environmental (real-world) objects and information systems. In such a case, it is relevant to study the data stream in Internet of Things networks and the operations that may occur on them. The issue of which platforms to process the operations to be carried out at the same time is the main subject of discussion.
Strategies to recognize and mitigate mistreatment of medical students
Authors: Atkinson Jonnae , Alarcon Lizzeth , Blair Emilio , Chartash David , Clark Chantel , Clithero-Eridon Amy , George Adrian , Goldstein Shira , Luzarraga Joseph , Cantone Rebecca
Published: September 2024

Mistreatment of learners in medical education is a significant problem affecting more than half of all trainees worldwide. This mistreatment can lead to severe consequences, including burnout, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, substance misuse, and decreased self-esteem, impacting not only future physicians but also the broader educational community. Despite increased awareness of such harms associated with mistreating medical learners, these behaviors have continued to persist over the years. We aim to equip medical educators and learners with practical strategies to recognize and mitigate mistreatment in the educational setting. We offer examples and concrete advice to help educators and institutional leaders classify mistreatment, navigate various scenarios, and create optimal reporting structures. Additionally, we provide recommendations for dismantling toxic environments and enhancing reporting transparency to build learner trust. Addressing mistreatment will require multifaceted collaboration between learners, educators, and institutions. This advice will help foster a shared commitment to establishing a culture of respect and support among all in the medical learning environment.
The ravages of war: challenges and resilience in medical education in Sudan
Authors: Hussein Ahmed Asim Ahmed , Ali Eltahir Shimaa Elwasila , Ahmed Alabass Sara Omer , Mohamed Osman Fadwa Hashim
Published: September 2024

The armed conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) beginning on April 15, 2023, has thrust Sudan into a worsening humanitarian crisis, severely affecting all aspects of Sudanese life, including medical education and healthcare systems. This commentary explores the current state of medical training in Sudan amidst this conflict and discusses potential strategies to address the challenges faced by both students and educators.Following a comprehensive literature review of articles using keywords, and published from 2015 to the present, 2024, the challenges were categorized into issues related to the curriculum, educational resources, wellbeing of students and educators, human resources, and oversight by governing bodies. The proposed solutions involve the government, humanitarian organizations, medical schools, and innovative curricular strategies. Partnerships and the involvement of the Sudanese diaspora are crucial for situational assessment and execution of culturally sensitive, contextualized solutions. Alliances with other medical schools can facilitate the relocation of students and faculty. Faculty development programs and student support are paramount during this phase.Deploying distant learning strategies combined with small group learning, such as e-learning, problem-based learning (PBL), team-based learning (TBL), and ambulatory teaching, can mitigate some adversities in the Sudanese educational experience during war. Implementing collaborative evaluations and solutions can help Sudan's educational system navigate the conflict, enhance resilience, promote healthcare, and facilitate planning for the post-conflict period.
Economic Empowerment of Residents of Al-Hidayah Kalumbuk Padang Orphanage by Utilizing Virgin Coconut Oil Manufacturing Waste into Nata de Coco Beverage Products as Additional Income
Authors: Suryani  , Sri Indrayati  , Riche Fermayani  , Mardhatillah  , Rafnelly Rafky
Published: September 2024

The "Al-Hidayah" orphanage, established in Kalumbuk, Padang City, in 1987, by the Al-Hidayah Foundation. The establishment of this orphanage is because in the Kalumbuk area there are many orphans and orphans, who are economically deprived. They struggle with the cost of living and the cost of education. The number of them at the beginning of the establishment was 35 men, and 15 women. Those who live in the orphanage are boys, while women live with their parents, in houses around the orphanage. The current economic situation of the orphanage is still in shortage, because it still depends on government assistance and donations from the community. Meanwhile, orphanage children have potential, especially high school and junior high school students who number 26 people. If directed to fill their free time with activities that can generate additional income, it will help the economy of the orphanage. Previously, the children of this orphanage had been trained, how to make a VCO by the service team chaired by Prof. Dr. Suryani MSi, at their own expense. In the process of making VCO, the waste, which is in the form of coconut water, is wasted. Partners do not have knowledge about the use of coconut water waste into Nata de coco, as well as used as food and beverages that can be sold and make money. The purpose of the service is to utilize the waste produced by VCO, namely coconut water into Nata de coco and its drinks, to improve the economy of the orphanage. This service program is carried out through training in making Nata de Coco from coconut water and making drinks from Nata de Coco. As a result, Mitra has marketed its products, by serving orders for the procurement of drinks from Nata de Coco at the Wedding Party. So that it has generated an average monthly income of Rp. 6,750,000. This program has succeeded in increasing Partners' income
Meningkatkan pemahaman peserta didik pada materi tarikh dengan media aplikasi google jamboard di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 4 Depok Yogyakarta
Authors: Fathonah Fathonah
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman peserta didik terhadap materi tarikh (sejarah pertumbuhan ilmu pengetahuan masa Bani Abasiyah) dengan menggunakan media aplikasi google Jamboard. Penelitian yang dilaksanakan di kelas 8D SMP N 4 Depok ini dilakukan pada semester genap selama 15 hari. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Tahap penelitiannya meliputi (1) perencanaan (planning), (2) tindakan (acting), (3) pengamatan (observing), dan (4) refleksi (reflecting). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media aplikasi jamboard membuat anak yang semula pasif menjadi lebih aktif dalam belajar karena mereka bisa menyampaikan jawaban tanpa harus mengucapkan kata-kata.
Upaya peningkatan hasil belajar fiqh melalui model pembelajaran Think Pair Share ( TPS ) siswa kelas IX SMP Negeri 1 Jetis Kabupaten Bantul
Authors: Wartini Sri
Published: September 2024

Pembelajaran PAI dan Budi Pekerti pada Kurikulum 2013 dilaksanakan menggunakan pendekatan saintifik , sehingga pembelajaran PAI dan Budi Pekerti dituntut supaya dapat dikemas melalui multimedia sesuai dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi secara interaktif dan menarik. Guru dapat mengintegrasikan berbagai macam media sehingga siswa dapat memilih apa yang dikerjakan, selanjutnya bertanya dan mendapatkan jawaban melalui pemanfaatan media. Guru dituntut untuk menggunakan model dan metode pembelajaran variatifyang dapat membuat siswa menjadi aktif dan kreatif. Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam dan Budi Pekerti yang dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 1 Jetis Kabupaten Bantul cenderung masih menggunakan cara-cara lama/ konvensional. Guru masih menjadi satu-satunya sumber belajar siswa. Ceramah merupakan metode yang sering digunakan dalam pembelajaran, sehingga kondisi siswa dalam pembelajaran bersifat pasif . Hasil belajar siswa yang didapatkan juga masih belum sesuai dengan target yang diinginkan. Model pembelajaran Think Pair Share sebagai solusi permasalahan tersebut di atas. Penulis mencoba menggunakan metode tersebut dalam pembelajaran PAI dan Budi Pekerti khususnya materi Fiqh, yang notabene dalam materi fiqh cakupan materinya sangat banyak dan harus dipahami siswa. Metode ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar dan keaktifan siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tidakan kelas tentang upaya peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada materi Fiqh melalui model pembelajaran Think Pair Share. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 siklus dan setiap siklus terdiri dari tiga kali pertemuan. Kegiatan disetiap siklus meliputi rencana tindakan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas IX E SMP Negeri 1 Jetis Kabupaten Bantul Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019 semester 1, berjumlah 30 siswa, objek penelitian pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran Think Pair share pada materi Fiqh. Setelah model pembelajaran Think Pair Share digunakan dalam pembelajaran Fiqh di kelas IX E, dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dan dapat meningkatkan keaktifan siswa dalam pembelajaran.
Model pembelajaran STAD tehnik resume card untuk meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar PAI
Authors: Wartini Sri
Published: September 2024

Materi sejarah Islam seringkali dianggap menantang dan tidak menarik bagi siswa sehingga berdampak pada rendahnya pemahaman dan rendahnya hasil belajar. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, upaya diarahkan pada peningkatan motivasi dan hasil belajar pada pendidikan sejarah Islam melalui penerapan model pembelajaran Student Teams-Achievement Division (STAD) yang dipadukan dengan teknik kartu resume. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas pendekatan ini dalam meningkatkan keterlibatan dan kinerja siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimen semu yang melibatkan penilaian sebelum dan sesudah intervensi untuk mengukur perubahan motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa. Pesertanya adalah mahasiswa yang mengikuti mata kuliah sejarah Islam yang menjalani pembelajaran dengan model STAD yang dilengkapi dengan kartu resume. Tingkat motivasi diukur melalui pengukuran laporan diri, sedangkan hasil pembelajaran dinilai melalui tes standar dan evaluasi kinerja. Hasilnya menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan pada motivasi siswa dan hasil belajar setelah intervensi. Secara khusus, siswa menunjukkan peningkatan antusiasme dan keterlibatan dalam proses pembelajaran, yang dibuktikan dengan meningkatnya partisipasi dan minat dalam kegiatan kelas. Selain itu, terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan dalam pemahaman dan retensi siswa terhadap konten sejarah Islam, yang tercermin dalam peningkatan nilai ujian dan prestasi akademik. Kesimpulannya, penerapan model pembelajaran STAD dengan teknik kartu resume efektif meningkatkan motivasi siswa dan memfasilitasi hasil belajar pendidikan sejarah Islam yang lebih baik. Studi ini berkontribusi pada wacana yang sedang berlangsung mengenai metodologi pengajaran inovatif yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan dan prestasi siswa dalam mata pelajaran akademik yang menantang.