bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Meaning of Family in Fighting the Pathological Habit of Smoking Electronic Cigarettes
Authors: Ignatowski Grzegorz
Published: November 2015

Among the important pathological phenomena for our contemporary social life, among others, workaholism, internetoholism, addiction to mobile phones as well as drug addiction are listed. Smoking electronic cigarettes should also be regarded as an element of the phenomena exhibiting signs of addiction. Currently there are no formal restrictions that would not allow their use in public places. Their smoking is therefore dependent on the education and personal culture. Research conducted by the author of this paper confirms that the most important transmitter of culture is still the immediate family. In families then one should seek an ally in education to ensure that electronic cigarettes should not be smoked in public areas. The conclusion is therefore that education regarding treatment of electronic cigarettes as something bad and inappropriate should also cover the parents.
Social Determinants of Childcare in Poland in 1991–2014
Authors: Karpenko Oresta
Published: November 2015

The article highlights major changes in systematic approach to family, establishment of institutions for child and family support, recognition of the priority of family-based care, decentralization of administration and financing of childcare institutions in Poland. The government tried to introduce a number of changes in legislation that would significantly improve the condition of the child. Childcare reforms in the 1990’s and at the beginning of the 21st century aimed at modernizing local government and local organizations to provide appropriate childcare and social assistance to parents. The paradigm shift in social policy on child and family care determines the priority of family support aimed at creating comfortable conditions for the child. Nowadays the main objective of the family supportive policy of any country is to protect the child from the foster care model.
Behaviour Disorders of Children with the Feeling of Alienation
Authors: Cudak Henryk
Published: November 2015

Family constitutes a social, emotional, biological, and axiological environment which is hard to be substituted by other environments. The significance of family in children’s development, especially during the first development stages, is extremely high. The negative phenomenon in the family environment manifesting itself in indifference or even in only partly conscious emotional alienation, evokes the feeling of alienation in a child.
Emotional Support – Methodological Aspects of Measuring the Quality of Comfort-intended Communication
Authors: Zdybel Dorota
Published: November 2015

The aim of this article is to present methodological aspects of research on comforting language skills, evaluating the quality and sophistication of supportintended messages, and explaining key factors underlying the potential effectiveness of emotional support in case of “emotional conflicts”. Research proves that the core of support-intended message is “person centeredness”, defined as the ability to explicitly acknowledge and elaborate, legitimize the subjective perspective of a distressed partner [Burleson 2010]. Empirical operationalization of this concept underlies the development of hierarchical coding system for sensitivity of comforting strategies, which nowadays is one of the most popular tools to evaluate the quality of supporting communication. The main assumptions of this coding system have been presented, together with its structure and criteria of analyzing the potential comforting effectiveness. At the end, cultural stereotypes and misconceptions descending the quality of support-intended behaviours were addressed.
Evaluation of polychlorinated biphenyl degradation through refuse from Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinula edodes and Agaricus bisporus production
Authors: Gąsecka Monika , Drzewiecka Kinga , Siwulski Marek , Sobieralski Krzysztof
Published: November 2015

White rot fungi (WRF) are known to have the ability to degrade organic pollutants with a structure similar to lignin. Because of this, the degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) congeners no. 28, 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180 by substrate before fruiting (substrate) and/or after fruiting (SMS) from cultivated mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinula edodes and Agaricus bisporus was examined. The experiment was carried out in four replications for each treatment using a mixture of substrate/SMS and sandy soil with PCBs at a concentration of each congener at 50 and 100 μg kg−1 soil DW. The results indicate that degradation was dependent on substrate/SMS addition, the concentration of PCBs and time of incubation. The efficiency of PCB degradation was generally reduced with the number of chlorine atoms in the structure of congeners: 28, 52, 101, 138, 153 or 180. In all combinations, degradation increased with incubation time. Degradation by SMS was lower in comparison to degradation by a substrate of the same mushroom. The degree of degradation of a single PCB after 12 weeks of incubation for A. bisporus ranged from 31.32 ± 1.52 to 83.91 ± 1.07%, while for P. ostreatus it was between 37.88 ± 2.54 and 78.29 ± 1.41%; for L. edodes it ranged from 17.38 ± 1.06 to 75.30 ± 1.46%. The best average degradation was confirmed for 20% SMS of A. bisporus at 50 μg kg−1 PCB.
Improved Cross Polarization and Broad Impedance Bandwidth from Simple Single Element Shorted Rectangular Microstrip Patch: Theory and Experiment
Authors: Poddar Rakshapada , Chakraborty Subhradeep , Chattopadhyay Sudipta
Published: November 2015

A simple, compact and single element rectangular microstrip antenna with three pairs of shorting plates has been proposed and investigated experimentally for broad impedance bandwidth and improved cross polarized (XP) radiation compared to maximum co-polarized (CO) gain without affecting the co-polarized radiation pattern. Around 25–40 dB isolation between copolarized radiation to cross polarized radiation (CO-XP isolation) along with 1.32 GHz impedance bandwidth is achieved with the proposed structure. The present structure is very simple and easy to manufacture and provides high CO-XP isolation over entire angular range around the broadside direction. Moreover, the present structure is free from back radiation in terms of XP fields. The present investigation provides an insightful, visualization-based understanding of concurrent improvement in impedance bandwidth and the XP radiation characteristics with the present structure.
Efficient synthesis and fungicidal activities of strobilurin analogues containing benzofuro [3,2-d]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinone side chains
Authors: Hu Yang-Gen , Li Li , Zhang Qiong-Yao , Zhang Ai-Nv , Feng Chun , He Ping
Published: November 2015

An efficient method for the preparation of strobilurin analogues containing benzofuro[3,2-d]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinone side chains were reported. This method is based on the reaction of functionalized iminophosphoranes with carbon disulfide via aza-Wittig reaction. The preliminary investigations on the biological activities show that the majority of compounds synthesized have moderate fungicidal activities against six kinds of fungi at a concentration of 50 mg/L.
Importance of complex diagnostic approach in differential diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis
Authors: Szilágyiová M. , Laca Ľ. , Antolová D. , Nováková E. , Rosoľanka R. , Reiterová K. , Šimeková K.
Published: November 2015

Alveolar and cystic echinococcosis, serious parasitic diseases caused by larval stages of Echinococcus multilocularis and E. granulosus has been diagnosed in Slovakia for a long time. Study presents case of 49-years old patient with accidentally diagnosed one big (60 mm) and multiple small (2 - 24 mm) hypoechogenic structures localised in right liver lobe. According to positive serology to E. granulosus antigen and results of imaging examinations the patient was classifi ed as possible case of cystic echinococcosis and treated with mebendazole. Later, due to the worsening of clinical, laboratory and CT fi ndings surgical biopsy was performed and surgical biopsy and subsequent PCR examination of liver tissue confi rmed the diagnosis of alveolar echinococosis. Clinical picture of disease imitating cystic echinococcosis in presented case report, together with results of serological tests confi rmed importance of accurate differential diagnosis of echinococcosis. Each aspect of clinical and laboratory results should be considered responsibly, however, sometimes only molecular techniques can solve the problem of differential diagnosis.
The helminth fauna of Apathya cappadocica (Werner, 1902) (Anatolian Lizard) (Squamata: Lacertidae) from Turkey
Authors: Birlik S. , Yildirimhan H. S. , Sümer N. , Ilgaz Ç. , Kumlutaş  , Güçlü Ö. , Durmuş S. H.
Published: November 2015

A total of thirty-one Anatolian Lizard, Apathya cappacocica, samples from several provinces of Eastern and South-Eastern Turkey were examined for helminths. Two species of Nematoda, including Spauligodon atlanticus, Skrjabinodon medinae; two species of Cestoda, including Mesocestoides sp. tetrahydia and Oochoristica tuberculata and one species of Acanthocephala, Centrorhynchus sp. were found. This is the first helminth record of A. cappodocica from Turkey. A. cappadocica represents a new host record for each of the parasite species. S. atlanticus is reported from Turkey for the fi rst time.
Cathaemasia hians infection in Black stork in Slovakia: morphological and histopathological study
Authors: Königová A. , Hrčková G. , Molnár L. , Major P. , Várady M.
Published: November 2015

Cathaemasia hians is an obligate trematode parasite of Black storks that are on the List of protected birds in Europe. In the present study, adult trematodes were isolated from the Black stork post mortem and morphological study revealed C. hians species. In total, 10 worms were found in the oesophagus and the ventriculus of the bird. Histopathological examination of the tissue samples of oesophagus, proventriculus and ventriculus was performed on paraffin sections using a set of staining procedures. The sporadic lesions were seen in the tela submucosa of oesophagus containing connective tissue mast cells, eosinophils and heterophils and some foci were surrounded by the fibrous tissue. In addition, a few inflammatory nodules had larval-like material inside, probably being of the same species. There were no visible morphological alterations in the epithelial layer of lamina propria mucosae of proventriculus, rich in goblet cells as well as in the tela submucosa. Majority of trematodes were localized in the ventriculus, where the lamina propria mucosae was damaged or disrupted sporadically. In these sites, in the tela submucosa, a various food-originated inorganic/organic material and eggs of C. hians were deposited, stimulating a weak inflammatory response. Nodules containing larvae were not observed in any of ventriculus tissue layers. This study demonstrated, for the first time, infection with adults of C. hians trematode in the Black stork nesting in Slovakia. The presence of larvae and eggs in the tissues of the upper gastrointestinal tract of bird was associated with mild inflammatory response but feeding behaviour of adult worms in the ventriculus probably contributed to the enhanced susceptibility of the lamina propria mucosae to mechanical damage by inorganic material. Although larval stages have not yet been documented in the intermediate hosts in Slovakia, our report indicates that the life cycle of C. hians might occur in Central Europe.
Philocorydoras longus sp. n. (Monogenea, Dactylogyridae) from the gills of Hoplosternum littorale (Siluriformes, Callichthyidae) in Southeastern Brazil and the reassignment of two species from the genus Urocleidoides to Philocorydoras
Authors: Yamada F. H. , Brandão H. , Yamada P. De. O. F. , Da Silva R. J.
Published: November 2015

Philocorydoras longus sp. n. (Dactylogryridae) is described from the gills of the freshwater fish Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock, 1828) (Callichthyidae) from Jurumirim reservoir, Upper Paranapanema River, São Paulo State, Brazil. This new species belongs to the genus Philocorydoras mainly by possessing a curved cirrus accompanied by an accessory piece attached by a conspicuous filament. Philocorydoras longus sp. n. most resembles P. platensis, but differs by having delicate and smaller hooks, grooves in ventral and dorsal anchors, larger cirrus and accessory piece, and ventral bar with a long postero-medial process. Two species of the genus Urocleidoides (U. corydori Molnar, Hanek et Fernando, 1974 and U. margolisi Molnar, Hanek et Fernando, 1974) originally described from the gills of Corydoras aeneus (Gill, 1858) from Talparo River, Trinidad (near Brazil), were transferred to the genus Philocorydoras mostly by the absence of a sinistral vaginal sclerite (i. e., the primary characters of Urocleidoides) and counterclockwise cirral rings (i.e., curved tube, and tapered anteriorly in Philocorydoras). The new species is the fourth species assigned to the genus and the first recorded for Brazil.
Research Note. Trichinella spiralis parasitizing Puma concolor: first record in wildlife in Chile
Authors: Landaeta-Aqueveque C. , Krivokapich S. , Gatti G. M. , Prous C. Gonzalez , Rivera-Bückle V. , Martín N. , González-Acuña D. , Sandoval D.
Published: November 2015

The genus Trichinella is widespread in all continents but Antarctica. The only way to identify the species/genotypes is through molecular analyses. In Chile, only one study has reported Trichinella larvae in a cougar, but the species of Trichinella was not identified. In this work, the finding of Trichinella larvae in a cougar, together with their genotypic identification, is the first documentation of such in Chile. The cougar was found run over by a vehicle in the Biobío Region. Larvae were isolated following artificial digestion of the diaphragm and analyzed by means of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A PCR product of 173 base pairs allowed for the classification of the larvae as T. spiralis. It is the first record of the species in Chilean wildlife. This finding in Chile is interesting in terms of human health, suggesting a possible role of the cougar as a reservoir for this parasite.
Research Note. Transcriptomic study of the rat pinworm Syphacia muris
Authors: Okamoto M. , Taira K. , Ito R. , Asai F.
Published: November 2015

Syphacia muris is a ubiquitous nematode parasite and common contaminant of laboratory rats. A lthough S. muris infection is considered symptomless, it has some effects on the host’s immunity and therefore can interfere with experimental settings and interrupt final results. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the alteration within the host’s immunity remain unclear because of the absence of information about mRNA expressed in this parasite. In this study we performed the transcriptome profiling of S. muris by next-generation sequencing. After de novo assembly and annotation, 14,821 contigs were found to have a sequence homology with any nematode sequence. Gene ontology analysis showed that the majority of the expressed genes are involved in cellular process, binding, and catalytic activity. Although the rate of expressed genes involved in the immune system was low, we found candidate genes that might be involved in the alteration within the host’s immunity by regulating the host’s innate immune response.
Simulation by a Genetic Algorithm and Location by the Non-linear Acoustic Technique of the Shear Damage to the Fiber-Matrix Interface of a Hybrid Composite Material Alfa-Carbon / Epoxy
Authors: Doumi B. , Mokaddem A. , Benrekaa N. , Alami M. , Beldjoudi N. , Boutaous A.
Published: November 2015

The objective of this paper is to study the location of the shear damage to the fiber matrix interface of a hybrid composite material by using the nonlinear acoustic technique, which is commonly described by the addition of a non-linear term in Hooke’s law. The genetic simulation is based on the probabilistic Weibull model including non-linear parameter β. The results obtained show good agreement between the numerical simulation and the actual behavior of two hybrid composite materials: alfa-carbon/Epoxy and glass-carbon/ Epoxy. In addition the results are similar to those obtained by the analytical model, which based on the Cox and Weibull formalism. The extended study for nanocomposite materials is interesting in the future.
Evaluation of Superimposed Sequence Components of Currents based Islanding Detection Scheme during DG Interconnections
Authors: Sareen Karan , Bhalja Bhavesh R. , Maheshwari Rudra Prakash
Published: November 2015

A new islanding detection scheme for distribution network containing different types of distributed generations (DGs) is presented in this paper. The proposed scheme is based on acquiring three phase current samples for full cycle duration of each simulation case of islanding/non-islanding conditions at the point of common coupling (PCC) of the targeted DG. Afterwards, superimposed positive & negative sequence components of current are calculated and continuously compared with pre-determined threshold values. Performance of the proposed scheme has been evaluated on diversified islanding and non-islanding events which were generated by modeling standard IEEE 34-bus system using PSCAD/EMTDC software package. The proposed scheme is capable to detect islanding condition rapidly even for perfect power balance situation for both synchronous and inverter based DGs. Furthermore, it remains stable during non-islanding events such as tripping of multiple DGs and different DG interconnection operating conditions. Therefore, the proposed scheme avoids nuisance tripping during diversified non-islanding events. At the end, comparison of the proposed scheme with the existing scheme clearly indicates its advantage over the existing scheme.
Integrating a Career Planning and Development Program into the Baccalaureate Nursing Curriculum: Part III. Impact on Faculty’s Career Satisfaction and Confidence in Providing Student Career Coaching
Authors: Waddell Janice , Spalding Karen , Navarro Justine , Gaitana Gianina
Published: November 2015

As career satisfaction has been identified as a predictor of retention of nurses across all sectors, it is important that career satisfaction of both new and experienced nursing faculty is recognized in academic settings. A study of a curriculum-based career planning and development (CPD) program was conducted to determine the program’s effects on participating students, new graduate nurses, and faculty. This third in a series of three papers reports on how the CPD intervention affected faculty participants’ sense of career satisfaction and confidence in their role as career educators and coaches. Faculty who participated in the intervention CPD intervention group reported an increase in confidence in their ability to provide career coaching and education to students. They further indicated that their own career development served to enhance career satisfaction; an outcome identified as a predictor of faculty career satisfaction. Study results suggest that interventions such as the one described in this paper can have a potentially positive impact in other settings as well.
After the Grand Fracture: Scenarios for the Collapse of the International Drug Control Regime
Authors: Caulkins Jonathan P.
Published: November 2015

International prohibitions create asymmetries; production and transshipment concentrate in relatively few places that bear the bulk of the negative externalities created by the illegal trade. These externalities fuel calls for altering the United Nations treaty framework and for individual nations to legalize outside of the framework. Analyses of the pros and cons of legalization usually adopt the perspective of a single nation acting in isolation. However, one nation’s legalization alters incentives for others to act, and not always in obvious ways. So the proper perspective is that of a dynamic game.

The primary contribution of this paper is to make the case for analyzing legalization as a strategic game, but it also offers preliminary analysis for the case of cocaine. Tentative conclusions include:
Will Eric Holder’s Memo Have a Substantial Effect on Civil Asset Forfeiture Practices?
Authors: Jones Tyler Kirkland
Published: November 2015

As part of the Department of Justice’s comprehensive review of the Asset Forfeiture Program, then Attorney General Eric Holder issued a memo on January 16th, 2015 restricting the adoption of state-level asset forfeitures by federal agencies. This paper seeks to predict what impact, if any, this change in policy will have on the use and abuse of civil asset forfeiture by examining the history of and literature surrounding civil asset forfeiture. Given this policy’s narrow scope and lax definitions that exempt most cases where it would be applicable, it is unlikely that this policy will have a substantial impact. Alternative methods of limiting the abuse of both federal adoption and civil asset forfeiture as a whole are proposed.
Error minimizing relaxation strategies in Landweber and Kaczmarz type iterations
Authors: Nikazad Touraj , Abbasi Mokhtar , Elfving Tommy
Published: November 2015

We study error minimizing relaxation (EMR) strategies for use in Landweber and Kaczmarz type iterations applied to linear systems with or without convex constraints. Convergence results based on operator theory are given, assuming exact data. The advantages and disadvantages of these relaxation strategies on a noisy and ill-posed problem are illustrated using examples taken from the field of image reconstruction from projections. We also consider combining EMR with penalization.
Landscape Painting in Evaluation of Changes in Landscape
Authors: Lacina Jan , Halas Petr
Published: November 2015

One of common methods of determining landscape change usually is to compare maps and photographic images of the same places in different time horizons. Landscape painting, which has a long and rich tradition in the Czech Republic, can be used similarly. Landscape-ecological interpretation of selected works by painters of the 19th century - Julius Mařák, František Kaván and Antonín Slavíček was done in this paper. Some pictures of the Českomoravská vrchovina (Bohemian-Moravian highlands) by Josef Jambor from the mid-20th century were used for detailed comparative analysis to the level of habitats. We compared 80 landscape paintings and found that most of the painted sceneries have changed for worse.
Matrimonial Regimes
Authors: Moldovan Iosif Florin
Published: November 2015

The matrimonial regime represents the entirety of the legal provisions concerning the property relations between spouses during marriage, as well as the legal documents they conclude with other people, governing a (measurable) patrimonial asset.

In addition to the legal community regime, with the adoption of the new Civil Code two new matrimonial regimes were introduced, namely the regime of property separation and the regime of the conventional community.

Where the two spouses opt for one of the other two regimes, instead of the legal community regime, it is necessary that they should sign a marital agreement.
Polish adaptation of foreign geographical atlases for general use at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries
Authors: Konopska Beata , Pasławski Jacek
Published: November 2015

Different approaches to the adaptation of foreign geographical atlases, making an effort of classification, against a background of the intensive activity of Polish publishers in the scope of adaptation of these atlases during the last decade of the twentieth century and the first decade of the twenty first century have been discussed in this article. Moreover the usefulness and correctness of the adapted publications as well as the fundamental problems connected with the use of Polish geographical names have been discussed from the point of view of a Polish user; also the problems related to the layout, range of content and scope of symbolism expected by a Polish user have been discussed.
Cardinal Virtues in Sport: Prudentia
Authors: Jernej Pisk
Published: November 2015

Cardinal virtues present one of the oldest anthropological theories and ethical systems in the western philosophical tradition. Among other great ancient philosophers, Plato talked about four main virtues: prudence (practical wisdom), justice, fortitude (courage), and temperance (moderation). As these virtues are not arbitrary, but instead correspond to some fundamental characteristics of human beings, they are not only useful for moral decision-making, but they also present an original anthropological theory. This paper focuses on the role of prudence in sports.

Prudence has two aspects: it is a) cognitive, and b) decision-making. Perceptively it is turned toward reality, “imperatively” toward volition and action. As such, it is a fundamental virtue in sports practices. First of all, its role is in the cognition of the specific situations an athlete is in. In addition, it gives instructions as to how to respond to them. Prudence directed into the cognition of reality involves two main elements, namely memoria and docilitas. The role of memoria consists in developing and enriching special motor memory from past experiences, and so it is one of the goals of any practice of technical elements. Docilitas is the kind of open-mindedness which recognizes the true variety of things and situations to be experienced and does not cage itself in any presumption of deceptive knowledge. As such, it can be recognized in the concept of sports as “knowledge-gaining activity”.

The other aspect of prudence is directed towards deciding what actions to take. With solertia, the athlete can swiftly, but with open eyes and clear-sighted vision, decide to do something good in a concrete situation. The second element is providentia (foresight), meaning the capacity to estimate with a sure instinct for the future whether or not a particular action will lead to the realization of a goal. This is demanded of all sports, especially competitive sports, where the deciding factor between top and average athletes is often not physical or technical abilities but the intellectual capacity (or tactics) to foresee what is going to happen on the field in the next few moments.
The role of coherence on two-particle quantum
walks
Authors: Lu Li-Hua , Zhu Shan , Li You-Quan
Published: November 2015

We investigate the dynamical properties of the
two-boson quantum walk in systems with different degrees
of coherence, and where the effect of the coherence
on the two-boson quantum walk can be naturally introduced.
A general analytical expression for the two-boson
correlation function, for both pure states and mixed states,
is given.We propose a possible two-photon quantum-walk
scheme with a mixed initial state, and find that the twophoton
correlation function and the average distance between
two photons can be influenced by the initial photon
distribution, the relative phase, or the degree of coherence.
The propagation features of our numerical results can be
explained by our analytical two-photon correlation function.
Psycho-social determinants of sexual satisfaction in young, middle and late adulthood
Authors: Nomejko Agnieszka , Dolińska- Zygmunt Grażyna
Published: November 2015

Numerous studies demonstrate that, regardless of the adulthood stage, sexual satisfaction is crucial to the general opinion on life quality. The models of sexual satisfaction presented in the subject literature display underlying differences in its determinants between men and women; little, however, is said about potential variations, which can occur at different stages in an adult’s life. The results presented in our article are extensively researched fragments regarding the psycho-social determinants of sexual satisfaction, conducted on 90 women and 77 men, aged 21−72.

Our study attempted to determine the extent to which age affects:

The sexual satisfaction level in women and men,

The relationship between psycho-physical attractiveness, close relationship satisfaction, and intensification of sexual practices; with the level of sexual satisfaction for both women and men.

The assessment was based on original questionnaires as well as on the Intimacy, Passion and Commitment Questionnaires by Acker and Davis.

Neither age nor gender influenced the sexual satisfaction level. However, they both affected the relationship between sexual satisfaction and psychosocial variables.
Perceived Residential Environment Quality and Neighborhood Attachment (PREQ & NA) Indicators by Marino Bonaiuto, Ferdinando Fornara, and Mirilia Bonnes – Polish adaptation
Authors: Dębek Michał , Janda-Dębek Bożena
Published: November 2015

There have been increasing calls in environmental psychology for the standardized instruments measuring people’s subjective perception of urban environment quality. One such tool is a commonly accepted and oft-cited questionnaire for measuring perceived urban environmental quality, the Perceived Residential Environment Quality & Neighborhood Attachment (PREQ & NA) Indicators, developed by a team of Italian researchers: Ferdinando Fornara, Marino Bonaiuto, and Mirilia Bonnes. This article presents the results of the PREQ & NA’s adaptation study that we conducted in Poland. The adaptation project was divided into several qualitative and quantitative stages spanning April 2013 to December 2014. A total of 200 participants were examined, 99 women and 101 men aged between 18 and 89. We cooperated with six English and Italian translators. The results of our study demonstrated a factorial validity of the tool’s Polish language version relative to both the Italian original and its recent Iranian adaptation, which we used for comparisons with the data obtained in a non-European cultural area. In addition to describing the entire adaptation procedure and presenting its results, we propose that a number of minor but necessary modifications be made in the Polish version, as indicated by our analyses. Following a positive verification and discussion of the Polish adaptation’s convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity, we propose the final Polish version of the adapted questionnaire.
The oxidation of limonene at raised pressure and over the various titanium-silicate catalysts
Authors: Wróblewska Agnieszka , Makuch Edyta , Miądlicki Piotr
Published: November 2015

This work presents the studies on the oxidation of limonene with hydrogen peroxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) in the presence of : TS-2, Ti-Beta, Ti-MCM-41 and Ti-MWW catalysts, at the autogenic pressure and atmospheric pressure. The examination were performed at the following conditions: the temperature of 140°C (studies in the autoclave) and 80°C (studies in glass reactor), the molar ratio of limonene/oxidant (H2O2 or WNTB) = 1:1, the methanol concentration 80 wt%, the catalyst content 3 wt%, the reaction time 3 h and the intensity of stirring 500 rpm. The analysis of the results showed that in process not only 1,2-epoxylimonene was formed but also: 1,2-epoxylimonene diol, carveol, carvone and perillyl alcohol but for 1,2-epoxylimonene obtaining the better method was the method at the autogenic pressure and in the presence of TBHP.
Reduced graphene oxide and inorganic nanoparticles composites – synthesis and characterization
Authors: Onyszko Magdalena , Urbas Karolina , Aleksandrzak Malgorzata , Mijowska Ewa
Published: November 2015

Graphene – novel 2D material, which possesses variety of fascinating properties, can be considered as a convenient support material for the nanoparticles. In this work various methods of synthesis of reduced graphene oxide with metal or metal oxide nanoparticles will be presented. The hydrothermal approach for deposition of platinum, palladium and zirconium dioxide nanoparticles in ethylene glycol/water solution was applied. Here, platinum/reduced graphene oxide (Pt/RGO), palladium/reduced graphene oxide (Pd/RGO) and zirconium dioxide/reduced graphene oxide (ZrO2/RGO) nanocomposites were prepared. Additionally, manganese dioxide/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (MnO2/RGO) was synthesized in an oleic-water interface. The obtained nanocomposites were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results shows that GO can be successfully used as a template for direct synthesis of metal or metal oxide nanoparticles on its surface with a homogenous distribution.
Morphology and properties of the graphene layer on the copper substrate
Authors: Pietrzak Katarzyna , Olesińska Wiesława , Strąk Cezary , Siedlec Robert , Gładki Andrzej
Published: November 2015

The aim of the work presented in the article was to clarify controversial comments about anti-corrosion and mechanical properties of graphene coatings, deposited on copper substrates. It was designed special experimental cycle comprising: preparation of graphene forms and copper, the observation of layers Cu / GO (rGO) after the thermal reduction processes and oxidative test in air at 150°C temperature and 350 h in time. The resulting coatings and graphene layers were subjected to tribological test for hardness. The observed differences in the continuity of the coverage copper surface by graphene forms, allowed to understand the macroscopic effect of increased hardness and wear resistance layers rGO/Cu.
Studies of physicochemical properties of graphite oxide and thermally exfoliated/reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Drewniak Sabina Elżbieta , Pustelny Tadeusz Piotr , Muzyka Roksana , Plis Agnieszka
Published: November 2015

The aim of the experimental research studies was to determine some electrical properties of graphite oxide and thermally exfoliated/reduced graphene oxide. The authors tried to interpret the obtained physicochemical results. For that purpose, both resistance measurements and investigation studies were carried out in order to characterize the samples. The resistance was measured at various temperatures in the course of composition changes of gas atmospheres (which surround the samples). The studies were also supported by such methods as: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy (RS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and thermogravimetry (TG). Moreover, during the experiments also the elemental analyses (EA) of the tested samples (graphite oxide and thermally exfoliated/reduced graphene oxide) were performed.
Preparation of CaCO3-SiO2 composite with core-shell structure and its application in silicone rubber
Authors: Cui Chenglin , Ding Hao , Cao Li , Chen Daimei
Published: November 2015

A new CaCO3-SiO2 composite with core-shell structure was successfully prepared by mechano-chemistry method (MCM). SEM and FTIR indicated that SiO2 particles were homogeneously immobilized on the surface of CaCO3. The well dispersion of this CaCO3-SiO2 composite into silicone rubber can not only reduce the usage amount of SiO2, but also improve the mechanical properties of silicone rubber. By the calculation, the theoretical numbers of the SiO2 particles is about 10 times as large as that of CaCO3 particles in the CaCO3-SiO2 composite. Mixing CaCO3-SiO2 composite in silicone rubber can enhance the breaking strength of the silicone rubber about 18% as high as that when mixing the pure SiO2. And the elongation at break is about 14% less than that of adding the pure SiO2 sample.
Lactoferrin gene promoter variants and their association with clinical and subclinical mastitis in indigenous and crossbred cattle
Authors: Chopra A. , Gupta I.D. , Verma A. , Chakravarty A.K. , Vohra V.
Published: November 2015

Lactoferrin (Lf) gene promoter was screened for the presence of single nucleotide polymphism in indigenous and crossbred cattle from North India and to evaluate its association with Mastitis. Study revealed the presence of genetic variation in regulatory region of bovine Lactoferrin gene using PCR-RFLP technique. Three genotypes namely GG, GH and HH were identified. A single nucleotide change, from guanine to adenine at 25th position was found to be significantly associated (p<0.05) with clinical mastitis in indigenous Sahiwal and crossbred Karan Fries cattle maintained at organised herd of National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal. A non-significant association was observed between subclinical mastitis, somatic cell score (SCS), and GG genotype in Karan Fries cattle, however, a lower SCS was observed in animals having GG genotype. Overall a lower incidence of clinical mastitis was recorded in those animals having GG genotype of Lf in Sahiwal and Karan Fries (KF) cattle. The SNP identified in the promoter region may effect expression lactoferrin protein, which may lead to different levels of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity of Lf gene. Results from this study indicated the probable role played by Lactoferrin promoter to serve as candidate gene for mastitis susceptibility among indigenous and crossbred milch cattle.
The influence of the feeding Flour Beetle Tribolium confusum-infested fodder on the selected indices of the health status of rats
Authors: Lis Ł.B. , Bakuła T.
Published: November 2015

The present experiment was designed to demonstrate differences in the degree of fodder contamination with benzoquinones at various Tribolium confusum levels, the impact of infested feed on the beetle population and the impact of infested feed on the health status of rats.

The feeding studies were done on female rats divided into 3 groups: a control group and two experimental groups. Experimental groups were fed with a fodder infested by 150 individuals of T. confusum per kg (group D1) and 300 individuals of T. confusum per kg (group D2). The insects were grown in the fodder for 5 months and the contaminated fodder was given to the laboratory animals for 8 weeks. After that period the rats were sacrificed, blood was drawn for morphological, biochemical and immunological analyses, as well as the samples of internal organs were taken for histopathology.

Regardless of initial degree of infestation, after 5 months incubation period the content of benzoquinones in fodder reached the maximum level that reduced beetle population.

The resulting concentration to benzoquinones had no effect upon feed intake nor growth of rate, whereas caused the presence of these substances in feces, urine and also in tissues which was indicated by pathological lesions observed in the study.

The results obtained point to the possibility of the benzoquinones accumulation in the organisms of farm animals fed fodder containing pests.
Morphological defects of epididymal spermatozoa in male roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) during the reproductive season
Authors: Kozioł K. , Koziorowski M.
Published: November 2015

The aim of this study was to analyse the morphology of the epididymal spermatozoa of male roe deer obtained postmortem at the beginning (May), peak (July/August) and the end (September) of the reproductive season. Spermatozoal abnormalities were divided into major (associated with impaired fertility) and minor (not associated with impaired fertility) defects. The highest percentage of abnormal spermatozoa was observed in May (17.78 ± 1.88%), with a much higher proportion of major (12.35 ± 1.11%) than minor defects (5.43 ± 1.59%) being observed. The percentage of abnormal spermatozoa was lowest during the peak of the reproductive season (4.97 ± 1.13%), with the proportion of major (2.68 ± 0.78%) and minor defects (2.28 ± 0.45%) being comparable during this period. The percentage of abnormal spermatozoa increased again in September (11.05 ± 1.60%), with the major defects (6.15 ± 1.04%) slightly surpassing the minor defects (4.90 ± 0.77%); however, total abnormalities still remained lower than those found in May. These differences were statistically significant, with the exception of the difference in minor defects between the pre-rut and post-rut periods. These results indicate that the best period to collect epididymal spermatozoa from roe deer postmortem is the peak of the reproductive season (July/August); however, they can also be recovered at the end of the reproductive season (September), as the percentage of major defects is relatively low at this time. This study provides the basis for further research to determine optimal methods for the storage and cryopreservation of epididymal spermatozoa in this species.
Helmintofauna of turbot Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the southern Baltic Sea including new data
Authors: Skrzypczak M. , Rolbiecki L.
Published: November 2015

Turbot Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) is a fish belonging to the Pleuronectiformes order. It is commonly observed in waters of the northern Atlantic, and also in the Baltic Sea. As an economically significant species, it is fished on an industrial scale, and also farmed in some European countries. Seventy-two turbots from the Gulf of Gdańsk (26th ICES zone) were examined for parasite presence in the years 2010-2012. The study revealed the presence of the tapeworm Bothriocephalus scorpii (Müller, 1776) and acanthocephalan Corynosoma semerme (Forssell, 1904). The overall (both parasites) prevalence of turbot infection was 100% with a mean intensity of 18.7. C. semerme is a parasite which has not been noted so far in turbot from the southern Baltic. The presence of C. semerme in turbot was emphasized in the context of possible infection of terrestrial mammals, including humans.
Regulation of melatonin secretion in the pineal organ of the domestic duck – an in vitro study
Authors: Prusik M. , Lewczuk B. , Ziółkowska N. , Przybylska-Gornowicz B.
Published: November 2015

The aim of study was to determine the mechanisms regulating melatonin secretion in the pineal organs of 1-day-old and 9-month-old domestic ducks. The pineals were cultured in a superfusion system under different light conditions. Additionally, some explants were treated with norepinephrine.

The pineal glands of 1-day-old ducks released melatonin in a well-entrained, regular rhythm during incubation under a 12 hrs light : 12 hrs dark cycle and adjusted their secretory activity to a reversed 12 hrs dark : 12 hrs light cycle within 2 days. In contrast, the diurnal changes in melatonin secretion from the pineals of 9-month-old ducks were largely irregular and the adaptation to a reversed cycle lasted 3 days. The pineal organs of nestling and adult ducks incubated in a continuous light or darkness secreted melatonin in a circadian rhythm. The treatment with norepinephrine during photophases of a light-dark cycle resulted in: 1) a precise adjustment of melatonin secretion rhythm to the presence of this catecholamine in the culture medium, 2) a very high amplitude of the rhythm, 3) a rapid adaptation of the pineal secretory activity to a reversed light-dark cycle. The effects of norepinephrine were similar in the pineal organs of nestlings and adults.

In conclusion, melatonin secretion in the duck pineal organ is controlled by three main mechanisms: the direct photoreception, the endogenous generator and the noradrenergic transmission. The efficiency of intra-pineal, photosensitivity-based regulatory mechanism is markedly lower in adult than in nestling individuals.
The experimental osteoporosis in sheep – clinical approach
Authors: Kiełbowicz Z. , Piątek A. , Bieżyński J. , Skrzypczak P. , Kuropka P. , Kuryszko J. , Nikodem A. , Kafarski P. , Pezowicz C.
Published: November 2015

The implementation of new methods of oseoporotic therapy requires tests on an animal model. One of the best is the sheep, whose numerous advantages over other models are described in the literature. The aim of this study was induction of osteoporosis using steroids and ovariorectomy methods in sheep and description of the change in parameters with regard to healthy sheep. The study was performed on female „merino” breed sheep divided into three groups: Negative control (NC) healthy animals, positive control (PC) ovariorectomised animals and steroid group (SC) where methylprednisolone was implemented. Blood tests, diagnostic arthroscopy, quantitative computed tomography and X-Ray micro-tomography of bone were carried out. Blood tests revealed a decreased level of estrogens, progesterone and increased parathormone and cortisol levels in the SC group. A decrease in bone turnover markers and an increase in bone resorption markers in all groups were also noted. Diagnostic arthroscopy revealed osteoarthrosis in PC and SC groups. Radiological density tests showed a slight decrease in PC and NC groups whereas there was more than a triple decrease in SC. Results obtained from microCT showed quickly developing osteoporosis in the SC group, which is reflected in numerous parameters analysed in this study. The best effects for osteoporosis induction were obtained using ovariorectomised sheep with methylprednisolone injections.
Specificity of psychon structure forming the personality of transgressive and protective spouses
Authors: Dakowicz Andrzej
Published: November 2015

In terms of psychotransgressionism, personality is a network of five equipollent psychons, the content of which determines the personality’s functioning. The strength and power of the individual psychons underlies the tendency to undertake transgressive actions. In this study, we hypothesized that transgressive spouses are characterized by greater potential strength, greater power of cognitive, instrumental, motivational, emotional, and personal psychons than protective spouses. We operationalized all psychons, created the appropriate research tools, and then studied married couples. Using the Transgression Scale developed by Studenski, we found a group of spouses with higher levels of transgression (transgressive), and a group of spouses with lower levels of transgression (protective). Transgressive wives are characterized by better knowledge about their husbands’ operational sphere, and are more aware of personal beliefs than protective wives. Similarly, transgressive husbands have greater knowledge of their wives’ operational sphere, stronger cognitive needs, and weaker personal needs than protective husbands. Transgressive husbands are characterized by a positive affective shift and have a greater awareness of personal beliefs than protective husbands. The potential brought into interpersonal relationships by transgressive spouses may create a climate conducive to building a satisfying marital relationship.
Harsh discipline and readiness for interpersonal aggression in Poland and the USA: the mediating role of sensitivity to provocations and frustrations
Authors: Dominiak-Kochanek Monika , Konopka Karolina , Bower-Russa Mary , Frączek Adam
Published: November 2015

This study examined the effect of history of harsh parenting on readiness for aggression in young adults testing the mediating effect of emotional reaction to frustration and provocation that is assumed to arise in the context of a history of physical punishment and psychological aggression. Data were collected from 402 participants including 187 Poles (Mage = 9.5; SD = 1.2) and 215 Americans (Mage = 19.16, SD = 1.15). Participants reported retrospectively on corporal punishment and psychological aggression experienced during childhood. Based on self-report instruments, sensitivity to provocation and frustration and three patterns of readiness for aggression in adulthood were assessed. Contrary to the US sample, sensitivity to provocation and frustration were mediators in the Polish sample alone. The important role of contextual factors that define harsh parenting circumstances, such as cultural context and sex of the parent, are discussed.