bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DOSSIÊ ELEIÇÕES E REPRESENTAÇÃO POLÍTICA: O DEBATE CONTEMPORÂNEO
Authors: Freitas da Silva Emanuel , Lima Torres Monalisa
Published: January 2023

A realização periódica de eleições para o preenchimento de cargos eletivos e a consequente representação política de grupos sociais daí advinda formam, juntas, importante agenda dentro dos estudos sobre a política. Nos últimos anos, a entrada em cena, nesta arena, de diversos grupos sociais (religiosos, militares, LGBTQ+, indígenas, cotistas etc) tem diversificado tanto a gramática eleitoral-política como a composição de Parlamentos, partidos e governos. Nesse sentido, o dossiê “Eleições e Representação política: o debate contemporâneo” tem por objetivo proporcionar uma diversa reflexões sobre dois fenômenos que, na contemporaneidade, são tocados pelas diversas transformações sociais: as eleições periódicas e a representação política. Para tanto, artigos que versem sobre a discussão teórico-metodológica de estudos eleitorais (envolvendo o discurso político), teorias sobre a representação política, grupos de interesse, opinião pública em tempos de eleições, novas mídias, representação política de diversos setores, a “Nova Direita” e seus modos de representação, dentre outros temas que toquem diretamente tais questões serão aceitos para publicação.
Влияние социальных сетей на формирование и развитие расстройств пищевого поведения
Authors: Мовсисян Карина Р.
Published: January 2023

В статье автор рассматривает проблему влияния социальных сетей на возникновение и развитие расстройств пищевого поведения (РПП). Представлен новый взгляд на проблему влияния средств массовой информации на восприятие и оценку образа собственного тела и развитие расстройств пищевого поведения. Во введении обосновывается актуальность вопроса, проводится оценка распространенности РПП и формулируется цель исследования. В разделе «Методы» представлен «Опросник пищевых предпочтений EAT-26». Данный опросник включает в себя 26 пунктов о симптомах, характерных для расстройств пищевого поведения. В исследовании используется также авторский опросник, состоящий из 13 вопросов позволяющих оценить степень влияния социальных сетей на развитие расстройств пищевого поведения. Результаты: большинство испытуемых выразило желание изменить фигуру, больше половины испытуемых в качестве инструмента для изменения собственных параметров выбирают метод снижения массы тела. Оценку влияния социальных сетей на восприятие собственного тела автор производит исходя из того, что почти половина респондентов активно следят за профилями людей, чьи тела считают идеальными. Сравнение и негативная оценка собственного тела становится фактором мотивации к изменению параметров в большинстве случаев опрошенных. Желание изменить свою фигуру путем коррекции веса является непосредственной угрозой к возникновению расстройств пищевого поведения, поскольку социальные сети предлагают изображения, зачастую далекие от реальности и возможные изменения фигуры могут сопровождаться фрустрацией, что способно усиливать негативную оценку собственного тела. Методика EAT 26 позволила выявить, что среди респондентов почти треть имеют средний показатель расположенности к РПП. В обсуждении результатов автор ссылается на других исследователей, изучающих влияние социальных сетей на развитие расстройств пищевого поведения, приходит к выводу о наличие влияния социальных сетей на формирование и развитие расстройств пищевого поведения, на восприятие образа собственного тела.
Öğretmenlerin Yenilenen Kariyer Basamakları Uygulaması Hakkındaki Görüşleri
Authors: Çobanoğlu Fatma , İlkin Ali
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışmada, öğretmenlerin kariyer basamaklarına ilişkin görüşleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır ve öğretmenlerin görüşlerine göre kariyer yapısının gerekliliği ve kariyer basamakları düzenlemesinin nasıl olması gerektiği sorularına cevaplar aranmıştır. Araştırmada temel nitel araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen görüşme formu yardımıyla maksimum çeşitlilik örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen farklı okul kademelerinde görevli öğretmenlerle görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırmada; öğretmenlerin kariyer basamaklarının ve dolayısıyla kariyer basamakları sınavının gereksiz olduğunu, kariyer basamakları uygulamasının öğretmenler arasında çatışmalara yol açacağını; kariyer basamaklarının hizmet yılına göre belirlenmesi gerektiğini düşündükleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bunun yanında, mesleki gelişim çalışmaları ve yapılacak hizmetiçi eğitimlerle, öğretmenlerin karara katılımlarının sağlanarak kariyer basamaklarının oluşturulmasının gerektiğini önerdikleri görülmüştür.
In silico De Novo Discovery of Novel Target-specific Drug-like Bidentate Inhibitors of PTP 1B
Authors: Jaswal Shalini , Roy Kankan , Bisht Priya , Gautam Priyadarshi , Verma Sant Kumar
Published: January 2023

Background:

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP 1B) is a recognized legitimate target for
type 2 diabetes and obesity, collectively designated as ‘diabesity’, even though first-in-class inhibitor is
still awaited. The main cause behind the unachieved target selectivity of investigated inhibitors is the high
degree of sharing of structural homology between PTP 1B and other members of the PTP family.

Objective:

The present work aimed to discover target-specific inhibitors of PTP 1B with bidentate binding
features on both the allosteric and active sites.

Materials and Methods:

We have implicated the amalgamated de novo designing, ADMET screening,
and molecular docking simulations to discover novel drug-like allosteric inhibitors of PTP 1B. The
LEA3D de novo designing platform was used to design novel thiazolidinediones (TZDs) from scratch in
the core of the target on the strict constraints of defined molecular properties of drug-likeness. Molecular
modelling and geometry optimization were done using the ChemOffice package. The druglikeness/
ADMET screening was performed using the TSAR package based on Lipinski’s filter. Molegro
Virtual Docker (MVD) was used for the prediction of binding cavities in the target, estimation of ligandtarget
binding affinities as well as mode of binding interactions.

Results and Discussion:

Novel TZDs (Molecules 1-8) were de novo designed successfully as drug-like
target-specific inhibitors of PTP 1B. The interaction pattern and the energy contribution of ligand (Etotal,
Eintra, Epair) and target (Epair) supported that the generated TZDs showed bidentate inhibition.

Conclusion:

The discovered TZDs can be developed as novel target-specific allosteric inhibitors of PTP
1B after the accomplishment of synthetic and pre-clinical interventions.
Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer: Quality and Prospective of Therapy
based on Photosensitizer
Authors: Malviya Rishabha , Singh Arun Kumar , Moharana Ankita , Prajapati Vedant Kumar , Nirmal Ashish Kumar
Published: January 2023

To kill cancer cells, photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes a light-sensitive medication and
light. Light-sensitive drugs are absorbed by cancerous cells. The cells are then illuminated with a specific
light or laser by a specialist and oxygen that destroys cancer cells is released. The present study
aims to discuss the roles, advancements, and limitations of photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment.
Photosensitizers and photosensitizing agents are used in photodynamic treatment to destroy cancer
cells. Lasers or other light sources, such as LEDs, may provide illumination. There are reports of a
novel nanoplatform for the treatment of HER2-overexpressed breast cancer, as well as other primary
and metastatic cancers, using fluorescent electron microscopy PDT/photothermal therapy (PTT) dualtherapy.
PDT has a significant benefit over conventional cancer therapies because it may cause fewer
adverse effects. PDT-induced immunostimulatory cell death and the production of a robust local inflammatory
response might lead to effective local anticancer therapy. PDT has a lower long-term morbidity
and recovery time than surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation.
The Relationship Between Social Intelligence And IQ: A Psychometric Analysis
Authors: Almat Nuradinov S. , Aliya Mambetаlina S. , Zhanna Utaliyeva T. , Gulmira Davletkaliyeva S.
Published: January 2023

Background:

The present article deals with the results of research on the psychological diagnosis of social intelligence and its connection with general intelligence.

Methods:

The analysis of the relationship between the Social Intelligence Scale of the University of Tromso, Norway (TSIS) (Social awareness scale, SA) with the R. Amthauer Intelligence Test was carried out on a sample of 407 students of comprehensive schools aged from 12 to 18. Social Intelligence Scales have relationships with R. Amthauer Intelligence Test. Factor analysis has shown that the TSIS (Social Awareness, SA) is present in the structure of general intelligence. The other two TSIS Social information processing (SP) and Social Skills (SS) scales have minor correlation relationships with R. Amthauer Intelligence Test. The result shows the structural relationships between general intelligence with social intelligence.

The aim of the research is to identify and analyze the regular relationship between general intelligence (IQ) with social intelligence.

Results:

The correlational and factor analysis results established certain relationships in the factor-analytical structure of general intelligence with social intelligence. The correlation relationship of the social awareness subscale (SA) from the Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS) with individual subtests of the R. Amthauer Intelligence Structure Test was revealed.

Conclusion:

Our study established a statistically significant relationship at the significance level of 0.05 between IQ and social intelligence, particularly social consciousness (understanding), which allowed us to connect social intelligence and general (psychometric) intelligence.
Structure, Properties and Applications of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Martínez Palou Rafael , Likhanova Natalya V.
Published: January 2023

ILs have attracted the attention of researchers in recent decades. The number
of applications in which these unusual compounds show good performance has grown
dramatically in the last century. This chapter presents an overview of ionic liquids,
their structure, properties and general applications that have made them one of the
families of chemicals to which most research efforts have been devoted. 
Application of ILs in the Removal of Pollutants Present in Gasoline and Diesel
Authors: Martínez Palou Rafael , Likhanova Natalya V.
Published: January 2023

This chapter presents an overview of ionic liquids application for the
removal of some pollutants such as sulfur, nitrogen and others that are present in
considerable concentrations in fuels such as gasoline and diesel and which must be
removed because they cause major environmental problems, and which can be
extracted by different liquid-liquid extraction procedures using ILs.
Application of ILs in the Breaking of Emulsions Found in the Oil Industry
Authors: Martínez Palou Rafael , Likhanova Natalya V.
Published: January 2023

Emulsions are commonly found in oil and cause major operational
problems, so emulsion breakage is a major issue in this industry. Among the
alternatives for breaking emulsions is the use of de-emulsifying products and among
them, some ILs with amphiphilic properties have gained an important place by
demonstrating a very good efficiency as emulsion breakers in combination with other
methods such as heating. 
ILs Applied to Enhance Oil Recovery Processes
Authors: Martínez Palou Rafael , Likhanova Natalya V.
Published: January 2023

The application of chemical products, particularly polymeric products, is
undoubtedly one of the most helpful and effective alternatives for EOR processes and
changes in oil mobility. Appropriate chemical products provide more favorable
interfacial conditions to the flow of petroleum, reducing the interfacial tensions
between water and oil, and therefore, increasing the miscibility of these two
compounds, and allowing the oil to flow in the porous medium. In this context, ionic
compounds and particularly ILs are proving to be important auxiliaries in the
performance of chemicals used for this application, particularly in extreme conditions
of temperature and salinity. 
Applications of ILs as Catalysts in the Reaction to Obtain Alkylate Gasoline
Authors: Martínez Palou Rafael , Likhanova Natalya V.
Published: January 2023

 The application of chemical products, particularly polymeric products, is
undoubtedly one of the most helpful and effective alternatives for EOR processes and
changes in oil mobility. Appropriate chemical products provide more favorable
interfacial conditions to the flow of petroleum, reducing the interfacial tensions
between water and oil, and therefore, increasing the miscibility of these two
compounds, and allowing the oil to flow in the porous medium. In this context, ionic
compounds and particularly ILs are proving to be important auxiliaries in the
performance of chemicals used for this application, particularly in extreme conditions
of temperature and salinity. 
The Rare-Earth Hexaboride Based Composites
Authors: Aslan Mikail , Bozada Cengiz
Published: January 2023

Rare-Earth metal hexaborides (REB6
) can be composited with some kind of
ceramics, such as SiC, MgO, Carbon Nanotube, and Alumina. These types of
composites can show excellent mechanical, optical, and thermionic properties. For
example, SiC ceramics have high condensation behavior, high corrosion resistance,
high thermal shock resistance, and high hardness properties; MgO ceramics have high
fire resistance, high thermal conductivity, and low electrical conductivity properties;
Carbon nanotubes have high optical and mechanical properties and Al2O3
ceramics
have high abrasion and corrosion resistance and low density. The sizes of these
materials are also significant as nano, and micro-sized ceramic materials have different
properties when forming a composite with REB6
or any materials.
Care Continuity, Telehealth Use, and Quality of Diabetes and Hypertension Care in Community Health Centers Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Repeated Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Tierney Aaron Alexander , Payán Denise D , Brown Timothy , Aguilera Adrian , Shortell Stephen M , Rodriguez Hector P
Published: January 2023

Background

Community health centers (CHCs) pivoted to remote chronic care services during the COVID-19 pandemic. While care continuity is associated with improved care quality and patients’ experiences, telehealth’s impact on these relationships is unclear.

Objective

We aimed to examine the association among care continuity, telehealth use, and quality of diabetes or hypertension care in CHCs before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

We collected electronic health record data from a cohort of 20,792 patients with diabetes or hypertension with ≥2 visits per year from March to December 2019 and 2020 among 166 California CHCs in the OCHIN Accelerating Data Value Across a National Community Health Center Network Collaborative. Logistic regression models estimated the association between care continuity (modified, modified continuity index [MMCI]) and telehealth adoption and blood pressure or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing. Generalized linear regression models for 2019 and 2020 estimated the association between MMCI and blood pressure or HbA1c, exploring telehealth as a mediator.

Results

Patients experienced reduced care continuity (2019: MMCI=0.71, SD 0.28; 2020: MMCI=0.63, SD 0.36; P<.001) and more blood pressure (99.99% vs 99.75%) and HbA1c (53.38% vs 48.99%) assessments in 2019 vs 2020. Telehealth accounted for 0.33% of 2019’s visits and 9.55% of 2020’s visits. MMCI scores were associated with higher odds of telehealth use in 2020 (odds ratio [OR] 1.96; P<.001). MMCI (2019: OR 1.72, P<.001; 2020: OR 1.66, P<.001) and telehealth use (2019: OR 2.44, P<.001; 2020: OR 6.82, P<.001) were associated with greater HbA1c testing. MMCI was associated with lower HbA1c values in 2020 (–0.40, P=.01) and lower systolic (2019: –1.64, P=.045; 2020: –2.40, P=.001) and diastolic (2019: –1.24, P=.007; 2020: –1.33, P=.001) blood pressure. MMCI and telehealth were not associated with HbA1c values in 2019. In 2020, telehealth mediated the relationship between MMCI and HbA1c testing (percent mediated 59%), but not between MMCI and other study outcomes.

Conclusions

Care continuity facilitates telehealth use and enables resilient performance on process measures. Elucidating how care continuity influences telehealth adoption may provide insights about implementing patient-centered innovations.
Integrated Personal Health Record in Indonesia: Design Science Research Study
Authors: Harahap Nabila Clydea , Handayani Putu Wuri , Hidayanto Achmad Nizar
Published: January 2023

Background

Personal health records (PHRs) are consumer-centric tools designed to facilitate the tracking, management, and sharing of personal health information. PHR research has mainly been conducted in high-income countries rather than in low- and middle-income countries. Moreover, previous studies that proposed PHR design in low- and middle-income countries did not describe integration with other systems, or there was no stakeholder involvement in exploring PHR requirements.

Objective

This study developed an integrated PHR architecture and prototype in Indonesia using design science research. We conducted the research in Indonesia, a low- to middle-income country with the largest population in Southeast Asia and a tiered health system.

Methods

This study followed the design science research guidelines. The requirements were identified through interviews with 37 respondents from health organizations and a questionnaire with 1012 patients. Afterward, the proposed architecture and prototype were evaluated via interviews with 6 IT or eHealth experts.

Results

The architecture design refers to The Open Group Architecture Framework version 9.2 and comprises 5 components: architecture vision, business architecture, application architecture, data architecture, and technology architecture. We developed a high-fidelity prototype for patients and physicians. In the evaluation, improvements were made to add the stakeholders and the required functionality to the PHR and add the necessary information to the functions that were developed in the prototype.

Conclusions

We used design science to illustrate PHR integration in Indonesia, which involves related stakeholders in requirement gathering and evaluation. We developed architecture and application prototypes based on health systems in Indonesia, which comprise routine health services, including disease treatment and health examinations, as well as promotive and preventive health efforts.
Digital Interventions for Treating Post-COVID or Long-COVID Symptoms: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Rinn Robin , Gao Lingling , Schoeneich Sarah , Dahmen Alina , Anand Kumar Vinayak , Becker Petra , Lippke Sonia
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Patients with post-COVID/long-COVID symptoms need support, and health care professionals need to be able to provide evidence-based patient care. Digital interventions can meet these requirements, especially if personal contact is limited.

OBJECTIVE

We reviewed evidence-based digital interventions that are currently available to help manage physical and mental health in patients with post-COVID/long-COVID symptoms.

METHODS

A scoping review was carried out summarizing novel digital health interventions for treating post-COVID/long-COVID patients. Using the PICO (population, intervention, comparison, outcome) scheme, original studies were summarized, in which patients with post-COVID/long-COVID symptoms used digital interventions to help aid recovery.

RESULTS

From all scanned articles, 8 original studies matched the inclusion criteria. Of the 8 studies, 3 were “pretest” studies, 3 described the implementation of a telerehabilitation program, 1 was a post-COVID/long-COVID program, and 1 described the results of qualitative interviews with patients who used an online peer-support group. Following the PICO scheme, we summarized previous studies. Studies varied in terms of participants (P), ranging from adults in different countries, such as former hospitalized patients with COVID-19, to individuals in disadvantaged communities in the United Kingdom, as well as health care workers. In addition, the studies included patients who had previously been infected with COVID-19 and who had ongoing symptoms. Some studies focused on individuals with specific symptoms, including those with either post–COVID-19 or long-term symptoms, while other studies included patients based on participation in online peer-support groups. The interventions (I) also varied. Most interventions used a combination of psychological and physical exercises, but they varied in duration, frequency, and social dimensions. The reviewed studies investigated the physical and mental health conditions of patients with post-COVID/long-COVID symptoms. Most studies had no control (C) group, and most studies reported outcomes (O) or improvements in physiological health perception, some physical conditions, fatigue, and some psychological aspects such as depression. However, some studies found no improvements in bowel or bladder problems, concentration, short-term memory, unpleasant dreams, physical ailments, perceived bodily pain, emotional ailments, and perceived mental health.

CONCLUSIONS

More systematic research with larger sample sizes is required to overcome sampling bias and include health care professionals’ perspectives, as well as help patients mobilize support from health care professionals and social network partners. The evidence so far suggests that patients should be provided with digital interventions to manage symptoms and reintegrate into everyday life, including work.
Correction: Effectiveness of Secondary Risk–Reducing Strategies in Patients With Unilateral Breast Cancer With Pathogenic Variants of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Subjected to Breast-Conserving Surgery: Evidence-Based Simulation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Maksimenko Jelena , Rodrigues Pedro Pereira , Nakazawa-Miklaševiča Miki , Pinto David , Miklaševičs Edvins , Trofimovičs Genadijs , Gardovskis Jānis , Cardoso Fatima , Cardoso Maria João
Published: January 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

N/A
Peritoneal Dialysis in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Al Sahlawi Muthana , Ponce Daniela , Charytan David M. , Cullis Brett , Perl Jeffrey
Published: January 2023

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) as an AKI treatment in adults was widely accepted in critical care settings well into the 1980s. The advent of extracorporeal continuous KRT led to widespread decline in the use of PD for AKI across high-income countries. The lack of familiarity and comfort with the use of PD in critical care settings has also led to lack of use even among those receiving maintenance PD. Many critical care units reflexively convert patients receiving maintenance PD to alternative dialysis therapies at admission. Renewed interest in the use of PD for AKI therapy has emerged due to its increasing use in low- and middle-income countries. In high-income countries, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, saw PD for AKI used early on, where many critical care units were in crisis and relied on PD use when resources for other AKI therapy modalities were limited. In this review, we highlight advantages and disadvantages of PD in critical care settings and indications and contraindications for its use. We provide an overview of literature to support both PD treatment during AKI and its continuation as a maintenance therapy during critical illness. For AKI therapy, we further discuss establishment of PD access, PD prescription management, and complication monitoring and treatment. Finally, we discuss expansion in the use of PD for AKI therapy extending beyond its role during times of resource constraints.
Team-Based Coaching Intervention to Improve Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Brown Jeremiah R. , Solomon Richard , Stabler Meagan E. , Davis Sharon , Carpenter-Song Elizabeth , Zubkoff Lisa , Westerman Dax M. , Dorn Chad , Cox Kevin C. , Minter Freneka , Jneid Hani , Currier Jesse W. , Athar S. Ahmed , Girotra Saket , Leung Calvin , Helton Thomas J. , Agarwal Ajay , Vidovich Mladen I. , Plomondon Mary E. , Waldo Stephen W. , Aschbrenner Kelly A. , O'Malley A. James , Matheny Michael E.
Published: January 2023

Background

Up to 14% of patients in the United States undergoing cardiac catheterization each year experience AKI. Consistent use of risk minimization preventive strategies may improve outcomes. We hypothesized that team-based coaching in a Virtual Learning Collaborative (Collaborative) would reduce postprocedural AKI compared with Technical Assistance (Assistance), both with and without Automated Surveillance Reporting (Surveillance).

Methods

The IMPROVE AKI trial was a 2×2 factorial cluster-randomized trial across 20 Veterans Affairs medical centers (VAMCs). Participating VAMCs received Assistance, Assistance with Surveillance, Collaborative, or Collaborative with Surveillance for 18 months to implement AKI prevention strategies. The Assistance and Collaborative approaches promoted hydration and limited NPO and contrast dye dosing. We fit logistic regression models for AKI with site-level random effects accounting for the clustering of patients within medical centers with a prespecified interest in exploring differences across the four intervention arms.

Results

Among VAMCs' 4517 patients, 510 experienced AKI (235 AKI events among 1314 patients with preexisting CKD). AKI events in each intervention cluster were 110 (13%) in Assistance, 122 (11%) in Assistance with Surveillance, 190 (13%) in Collaborative, and 88 (8%) in Collaborative with Surveillance. Compared with sites receiving Assistance alone, case-mix–adjusted differences in AKI event proportions were −3% (95% confidence interval [CI], −4 to −3) for Assistance with Surveillance, −3% (95% CI, −3 to −2) for Collaborative, and −5% (95% CI, −6 to −5) for Collaborative with Surveillance. The Collaborative with Surveillance intervention cluster had a substantial 46% reduction in AKI compared with Assistance alone (adjusted odds ratio=0.54; 0.40–0.74).

Conclusions

This implementation trial estimates that the combination of Collaborative with Surveillance reduced the odds of AKI by 46% at VAMCs and is suggestive of a reduction among patients with CKD.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:

IMPROVE AKI Cluster-Randomized Trial (IMPROVE-AKI), NCT03556293
Application of Non-destructive Testing (NDT) Techniques on Reinforced Concrete Structure: A Review
Authors: Umap Vaibhav S. , Rao Y. R. M
Published: January 2023

Abstract: To properly maintain our public infrastructure, engineers and designers must learn different methods of inspection. An exhaustive review has been carried out for different aspects of non- destructive testing (NDT) adopted for RCC structures. NDT evaluates the remaining operation life of different components of structure. It provides an accurate diagnosis which allows prediction of extended life operation beyond the designed life. Different aspects are considered which includes condition assessment, durability, corrosion, condition ranking and service life of structures. In this review, several non-destructive inspection methods are evaluated, with the aim of identifying those, which are practical for detecting defects at early in the production sequence as possible. The methods used for carrying out non destructive analysis used by different investigators are also discussed. Merits and demerits of each method are also stated. RCC structures considered are reinforced buildings, bridges, ESRs, recently developed NDT techniques which are useful for prediction of performance of structure are also included.
KAJIAN VARIASI KOMPOSISI PEREKAT TERHADAP KARAKTERISASI BIOBRIKET KAYU KARET
Authors: Santosa Pamungkas Ari , Hanifarianty Sherly , Eka Pranata Dina
Published: January 2023

Indonesia merupakan negara agraris sehingga potensi bioenergi berbasis limbah organik maupun biomassa tanaman sangat menjanjikan untuk menyokong ketahanan energi nasional. Salah satu biomassa tanaman yang dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi biobriket adalah tanaman karet. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakterisasi biobriket kayu karet dari beberapa variasi komposisi biobriket. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah arang kayu karet, tanah liat, dan tepung tapioka. Penelitian ini membuat empat variasi komposisi biobriket P1 (70:20:10), P2 (80:10:10), P3 (90:5:5), dan P4 (100:0:0) untuk dilakukan pengujian kadar air, kadar abu, kadar zat menguap, dan kadar karbon terikat. Hasil pengujian yang didapat adalah kadar air 4,37%, kadar abu 6,55%, kadar zat menguap 9,58, dan kadar karbon terikat adalah 83,87%. Dari hasil pengujian tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa formulasi biobriket P3 sudah memenuhi syarat mutu biobriket berdasarkan SNI No. 01-6235-2000, akan tetapi perlu penelitian lanjutan untuk mengetahui laju pembakaran dan nilai kalor pada masing masing perlakuan agar dapat menjelaskan secara detail pembakarannya.
ANÁLISIS ARQUEOBOTÁNICO EN EL TÁRTARO DENTAL DE RESTOS HUMANOS ASIGNABLES AL HOLOCENO TARDÍO DE L A TR ANSICIÓN PAMPE ANO-PATAGÓNICA ORIENTAL
Authors: Flensborg Gustavo , Colobig María de los Milagros , Zucol Alejandro , Martínez Gustavo
Published: January 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar, mediante un enfoque arqueobotánico, el tártaro dental de individuos inhumados en el curso inferior del río Colorado e identificar y discutir la presencia de familias, géneros y especies de plantas que fueron utilizados y/o ingeridos durante el Holoceno tardío. Asimismo, los resultados serán comparados con los datos reportados para regiones aledañas a la transición Pampeano-Patagónica oriental. Se extrajeron cálculos dentales en 15 piezas correspondientes a 10 individuos adultos de ambos sexos, que provienen de cuatro sitios arqueológicos asignables cronológicamente a los ca. 1.500-350 años AP. Los resultados indican la presencia de fitolitos afines a Poaceae, cuyos morfotipos están asociados a hojas y/o tallos de gramíneas. Asimismo, se identificaron también granos de almidón de Zea mays, Phaselous sp. y Prosopis sp. La presencia de estos almidones permitió identificar el consumo de plantas tanto silvestres como domésticas. Estos resultados son similares a los reportados en el curso medio del río Negro y la subregión Pampa Seca para contextos de los últimos ca. 1.000 años AP. La presencia de Zea mays y Phaseolus sp. en un individuo femenino con una cronología de ca. 500 años AP indicaría o bien la existencia de mecanismos de intercambio de estas especies provenientes de microrregiones más occidentales, tales como el noroeste de Patagonia, Chile central y Cuyo, o el consumo directo de estos recursos en dichas regiones por parte de los individuos y su posterior desplazamiento y entierro en la transición Pampeano-Patagónica oriental
POR INTERMÉDIO DA LUTA ARMADA: OCUPAÇÃO COLONIAL, GUERRA DE LIBERTAÇÃO NACIONAL E INDEPENDÊNCIA EM MOÇAMBIQUE
Authors: Barrios Diaz Jose Alejandro Sebastian
Published: January 2023

No contexto de Moçambique, a narrativa sobre a experiência da guerra de libertação é central para a construção da história nacional no pós-independência. Durante esse conflito, a Frente de Libertação de Moçambique, de orientação marxista, buscou definir a ideia de um país independente em oposição ao território colonizado por mais de quatro séculos pelo império português. Utilizando fontes primárias do Centro de Documentação 25 de Abril, o objetivo deste artigo é compreender o contexto da guerra de libertação nacional de Moçambique, que ocorreu entre 1964 e 1975, e caracterizar a atuação da FRELIMO nesse conflito em perspectiva histórica. O trabalho é desenvolvido em três etapas, além da introdução e das observações finais. Primeiro, o artigo narra, em largos traços, a ocupação colonial do território moçambicano entre o final do século XIX e o século XX para, em seguida, abordar a luta de libertação nacional. Na terceira parte, caracteriza-se a atuação da FRELIMO, sua formação e papel na luta pela independência.
COERCION AND VIOLENCE IN GERMAN LABOR CONSCRIPTION IN CAMEROON, 1880s-1914
Authors: Kam Kah Henry , E. Kengo Emmanuel
Published: January 2023

We have investigated German preference of coercion and violence in recruitment of labour in Cameroon. Cameroon’s colonisation was facilitated by two German trading firms and economic motivations were central to this scheme. The establishment of several plantations triggered a gripping need for extra labour from the hinterlands for economic and administrative purposes. Its scarcity in the immediate vicinity occasioned supply from other areas and was facilitated by chiefs and labour recruiters. Chiefs signed labour contracts without consent from recruits. Some constructed or maintained roads and died in the process. This paper discusses these issues through a content analysis of accessible literature.
EDUCAÇÃO EM DIREITOS EM UM PRESÍDIO ANGOLANO
Authors: Barbosa Passos Thais
Published: January 2023

A oferta de oficinas literárias para a população prisional, de uma penitenciária situada fora do Brasil, possibilitou identificar pontos sensíveis na execução penal internacional e na política criminal, apontando que a Educação em Direitos é uma demanda que deve ser implementada antes, durante e depois do cumprimento da pena.
SISTEMAS PRISIONAIS E EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS ADULTOS EM CONTEXTO DE RECLUSÃO EM PORTUGAL
Authors: Moreira José António , Silva Séfora
Published: January 2023

O acesso ao conhecimento, nomeadamente, através da educação e da formação, como agente de inclusão social e digital está na lista de prioridades de diversos organismos internacionais e a preocupação com grupos minoritários, como a população prisional é uma realidade incontornável. A este respeito a literatura também tem sido clara na demonstração de como a educação é fundamental para responder às necessidades daqueles que se encontram no limiar da exclusão social, em risco e vulnerabilidade. Este será um caminho para aumentar a justiça social e reduzir a discriminação através da frequência de cursos de educação e formação. Neste texto procura-se fazer uma breve revisitação histórica da atividade educativa nos presídios em Portugal, com especial destaque para a recente iniciativa desenvolvida pela Universidade Aberta portuguesa, em parceria com a Direção Geral de Reinserção e Serviços Prisionais, relacionada com a criação do Campus Virtual Educonline@pris que se assume como uma academia de formação e educação digital. Pedagogicamente assente no modelo desta instituição apresenta-se, ainda, o desenho de um programa de formação que irá ser desenvolvido num presídio português de jovens adultos reclusos na área das competências e cidadania digital.
El uso de pronombres de tratamiento en el departamento del Quindío (Colombia)
Authors: Guarin Daniel
Published: January 2023

A pesar de ser un tema de interés y complejidad lingüística, el uso de pronombres de tratamiento tú, usted y vos en el habla del departamento del Quindío en Colombia no ha sido estudiado. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue analizar el uso de los pronombres de tratamiento en este departamento a través de encuestas a personas cuyas edades oscilaron entre los 12 y 70 años (N = 200). Los factores sociales que se tuvieron en cuenta para el análisis fueron edad, educación, sexo y estrato socioeconómico. El trabajo concluye que género y poder son variables independientes que influyen y modifican el uso de los pronombres y que el dialecto quindiano se caracteriza por el uso predominante de usted sobre tú, que se podría interpretar como un usted de solidaridad. El pronombre vos, por otro lado, presenta un uso casi nulo, por lo que no se considera parte de la variación dialectal quindiana.
Gobernanza mundial del acceso al agua y el saneamiento
Authors: Abbondanzieri Camila
Published: January 2023

El propósito del presente artículo de reflexión teórica consiste en poner en evidencia el modo en el que puede representarse la problemática del agua y el saneamiento desde la perspectiva teórica de los complejos de regímenes. Específicamente, lo que se intentará indicar, mediante una metodología de investigación cualitativa, es si el presente caso de estudio opera como un régimen elemental dentro de un complejo de regímenes más amplio o si, en cambio, este representa un complejo de regímenes en sí mismo que involucra un solapamiento parcial de instituciones no jerárquicas. La relevancia del presente estudio de caso se manifiesta en la conjugación de las implicancias teóricas con las pragmáticas, puesto que se espera que la profundización del andamiaje conceptual de la teoría de los complejos de regímenes contribuya a sistematizar la operatividad de las instituciones multilaterales abocadas al agua y saneamiento en la práctica. Como principal conclusión que debe ser considerada, se advierte que la materia del agua y saneamiento, al detentar un rol transversal con importancia en múltiples dimensiones del desarrollo y al posicionarse como precondición básica para el cumplimiento de un amplio conjunto de derechos humanos, se ubica en una frontera porosa y de solapamiento de arreglos institucionales en el ámbito multilateral. En tal sentido, esta oscila, por una parte, entre ser considerada como una temática estrechamente vinculada con diversas áreas temáticas de la agenda global —que, por lo tanto, es inescindible de ellas—, y, por otra, representar un asunto que merece un tratamiento específico acorde con sus propias particularidades. Se argumenta que dichas consideraciones solamente pueden ser dilucidadas a partir de la aplicación del aparato conceptual de la teoría de los complejos de regímenes.
Las pruebas extraprocesales en asuntos de propiedad industrial
Authors: Tamayo Carlos , Galindo Liliana , Olarte Carlos R.
Published: January 2023

La Decisión Andina 486 de 2000 reguló varias medidas relacionadas con la observancia y protección de los derechos de propiedad industrial. Sin embargo, dicha decisión dejó de lado la regulación de medidas relacionadas con el recaudo probatorio de elementos requeridos para acreditar una potencial infracción. El presente artículo busca exponer la forma en que la práctica colombiana ha atendido estas medidas a través del mecanismo de las pruebas extraprocesales, y llamar la atención sobre la posible necesidad de regular lo propio a través del derecho andino.
causal que impide el registro de una marca por infracción al derecho de autor.
Authors: Corredor Blanco Carlos Andres
Published: January 2023

En el presente escrito, utilizando una metodología análisis-síntesis, trataremos de responder la pregunta sobre ¿Cuál es el alcance real y apropiado de la causal que impide el registro de una marca por infracción a un derecho de autor?
Para esto comenzaremos estudiando los antecedentes de la causal consagrada en el artículo 136 de la Decisión Andina 486 de 2000; posteriormente, profundizaremos en aspectos relevantes del uso de obras artísticas como signos distintivos, por ejemplo, si los caracteres o fuente tipográfica se enmarcan en este tipo de obras; así también, cómo las letras, las palabras y la forma en que se agrupan tienen relación con el derecho de autor; seguidamente, descenderemos al estudio de los sonidos cuando son usados como marcas, cómo se relacionan especialmente con los derechos conexos y cómo este punto de contacto normalmente pasa desapercibido centrándose la discusión en la obra musical como insumo de la marca sonora.
Hablaremos de la necesidad de ver mas allá de la ficción y de las ideas en cuanto a los personajes; nos alejaremos un poco de la postura tradicional sobre los títulos de las obras y de cómo se ha entendido esta temática respecto de la causal que impide el registro de una marca por infracción al derecho de autor. Comentaremos de quién debe ser el consentimiento a la hora de pedir una autorización, cuál debe ser su contenido para usar una obra como marca y cómo aplicar la presunción de autoría y titularidad en estos casos. Finalmente, haremos unas precisiones sobre el registro de marcas usando obras del dominio público y de la independencia de las acciones por infracción al derecho de autor y de nulidad del registro de marca.
Aproximación a la inscripción de transferencias de marcas pertenecientes a grupos empresariales
Authors: Lamus María José
Published: January 2023

Las marcas como un activo patrimonial y derecho de propiedad real pueden ser objeto de transferencia o traspaso, como una expresión de la autonomía de la voluntad y la libre disposición del derecho en cabeza de su titular. Sin embargo, el artículo 161 de la Decisión 486 de la Comunidad Andina establece una serie de requisitos y consideraciones que deben ser observadas tanto por los interesados en la materialización de dicho acto, así como, por parte de la Oficina encargada de la Administración del Registro Público de la Propiedad Industrial, en específico, que como resultado de dicho acto no se genere un riesgo de confusión para los consumidores. Por lo tanto, en el presente artículo se presenta una aproximación a la forma en que dicha situación debería ser analizada en el ámbito de operaciones transaccionales predicadas de marcas que pertenecen a sociedades que integran un grupo empresarial.
Cuba Postcastrista Entre La Transición Y El Continuismo
Authors: Alonso Ruiz Miguel Alejandro
Published: January 2023

La realidad política de Cuba cambiará con la desaparición física de los fundadores del régimen comunista, transformaciones que podrán tener efectos sobre la política latinoamericana. Comprender los posibles escenarios que se pueden configurar en el futuro en la isla del postcastrismo es el objeto principal de este trabajo. En su desarrollo se exponen las principales variables que pueden intervenir en la política cubana posterior a la salida del poder de los hermanos Castro, las cuales pueden propiciar un posible escenario de transición hacia la democracia o por el contrario la adaptación del régimen post-totalitario a la nueva realidad. Siendo así se analizarán los efectos de la variable biológica, que se refiere a la edad de la clase política fundadora del régimen comunista. Igualmente, la variable geopolítica, particularmente la política exterior de EE.UU, y el papel que juega la economía y las fuentes de financiamiento, en la permanencia del régimen comunista cubano. Además, se compara el escenario de la Cuba del postcastrismo con otros procesos políticos similares ocurridos en regímenes comunistas, como la URSS, para concluir exponiendo la ecuación de la transición cubana.
Entrevista a Michael Bustamante
Authors: Vélez Velandia Daniel Francisco
Published: January 2023

Entrevista a Michael Bustamante
Los “progresismos” en Argentina y los sucesos recientes en Cuba, Venezuela y Nicaragua
Authors: Hilb Claudia
Published: January 2023

El texto rastrea las posturas de lo que denomina “los progresismos” en Argentina, enfocándose en tres momentos puntuales: el informe Bachelet para Venezuela, el proceso electoral de 2021 en Nicaragua y los sucesos del 11 de julio en Cuba. Se propone examinar si en estos casos se advierten diferencias en el seno de quienes suelen sostener un discurso de apoyo cerrado de esos regímenes, y también, relevar otras posturas críticas de dichos regímenes, que también se sitúan en el campo genérico de “las izquierdas” o los progresismos. Concluye preguntándose si la elección de Gabriel Boric en Chile puede abrir un nuevo escenario en la reflexión de izquierda sobre aquellos regímenes.
The Effect of Attitudes toward Immigration on Support for COVID-19 Mitigation Policies in Immigration Detention Centers in the United States
Authors: Vaudreuil Elena , Louden Jennifer Eno , Queen Chelsea , Garcia Araceli , Alvarez Marisa , Zarate Michael
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted existing disparities in healthcare and
public policies in the United States. Although measures such as social
distancing and hygiene behaviors have been advocated for, many were
impossible to do for certain populations, leaving them at greater risk
of contracting and spreading the virus. Conditions in immigration
detention facilities have long been criticized, but deficiencies in
sanitation and safety exponentiated the spread of COVID-19 in these
facilities. The current studies assess the primary factors that underlie
support of policies designed to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 in
immigration detention centers. We hypothesized that fear of COVID may
overtake attitudes towards immigrants in predictive strength of policy
support. Data gathered in Summer of 2020 (n=141) and Spring of 2021
(n=137) were analyzed using regression analyses to identify attitudes
and variables most predictive of policy support. Contrary to our
hypothesis, perceived risk of COVID-19 did not predict attitudes in
either study. Rather, results indicate that attitudes towards immigrants
proved to be the most significant predictor of support for these
policies. The results indicate that negative attitudes towards
immigrants remain the most impactful factors in support of policies
aimed at reducing illness and death, even during a worldwide pandemic.
Therapeutic Potential of Tumor Treating Fields for Malignant Brain Tumors
Authors: Zhou Youyou , Xing Xiaoqing , Zhou Jinyun , Jiang Han , Cen Peili , Jin Chentao , Zhong Yan , Zhou Rui , Wang Jing , Tian Mei , Zhang Hong
Published: January 2023

Background Malignant brain tumors are among the most threatening
diseases of the central nervous system, and despite increasingly updated
treatments, the prognosis has not been improved. Tumor treating fields
(TTFields) are an emerging approach in cancer treatment using
intermediate-frequency and low-intensity electric field, and can lead to
development of novel therapeutic options. Recent findings A series of
biological processes induced by TTFields to exert anti-cancer effects
have been identified, and applications of TTFields in oncology have been
increasingly reported. This review addresses the mechanisms of TTFields
and recent advances in the application of TTFields therapy in malignant
brain tumors, especially in glioblastoma (GBM). Conclusions As a novel
therapeutic strategies, TTFields have shown promising results in many
clinical trials, especially in GBM, and continue to evolve. A growing
number of patients with malignant brain tumors are being enrolled in
ongoing clinical studies demonstrating that TTFields-based combination
therapies can improve treatment outcomes.