bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening of Chenopodium hybridum L. for Anti-ovarian Cancer Compounds Using UPLC-Q-Exactive MS and Partial Least Squares Analysis
Authors: Yang Shuli , Cheng Duanduan , Feng Xueqin , Lin Ruixin
Published: November 2023

Background

Extracts of Chenopodium hybridum L. leaves and stems exerted a significant anti-proliferative effect on human A2780 ovarian cancer cells, but C. hybridum active components have not been reported.

Materials and Methods

Here, a method is described for screening of C. hybridum extracts for potential bioactive components that inhibit A2780 cell proliferation. First, the spectrum–effect relationship between UPLC-Q-Exactive MS chromatograms and C. hybridum extract antiproliferative effect against A2780 cells was established to evaluate extract bioactive components using partial least squares (PLS) analysis.

Results

The results indicated that the optimal reflux extraction process for preparing C. hybridum extracts with antiproliferative activity involved a suspension of C. hybridum material in 8 volumes of 70% ethanol followed by heating and refluxing twice for 60 min/reflux step and then repeating the extraction and pooling of both the extracts. Chromatographic results revealed five compounds with potential anti-ovarian cancer activities based on inhibition of A2780 cell proliferation: isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-furanosyl(1→2)-O-[α-L-rhamnpyranosyl(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-7-O-α-L-pyranoside, kaempferol-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1″→2″)]-β-D-galactopyranoside, quercetin-3,7-di-rhamnose, and isorhamnetin-3-acacia disaccharide. Network pharmacological screening revealed nine core cellular targets that potentially interacted with these compounds.

Conclusion

These results were verified through molecular docking studies that supported the involvement of these compounds in observed C. hybridum A2780 cell antiproliferative effects, thus indicating C. hybridum active components may have value in ovarian cancer treatments.
Single anchor versus double anchor for arthroscopic anterior talofibular ligament repair: A systematic review and mate-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Fan DingYuan , Liu XiaoHua , Zhang Lei
Published: November 2023

Purpose

To determine whether a double anchor is more effective than a single anchor in the surgical repair of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) in patients with ankle instability.

Methods

This study searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library to identify potential studies that compared the clinical outcomes of double anchors and single anchors for ATFL repair from inception to July 31st, 2023. The study aligned with the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines and checklist. The Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies-of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool was used to evaluate methodologic quality and risk of bias. The meta-analysis was performed with random effects. Outcomes, including American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Score (AOFAS), Karlsson Ankle Functional Score (KAFS), Tegner activity score, return to sport rate, complications and revision surgery events, were recorded.

Results

A total of 845 articles were identified after an initial search of the three databases. Four retrospective studies involving 231 individuals were included for further analysis. There was no significant difference between the single-anchor group and the two-anchor group in terms of the AOFAS (risk ratio, −0.44, [−2.22; 1.34]) or KAFS (mean difference, −2.81, [−6.87; 1.25]). However, in terms of the Tegner activity score and the return to sport rate, the single-anchor group had significantly lower scores and longer times than the double-anchor group. No complications or revision surgery events were reported.

Conclusions

In patients with chronic ankle instability, both single anchors and double anchors can provide good functional outcomes. For patients who participate in physically demanding sports, double anchors may be a superior option.

Level of Evidence

Level Ⅲ, meta-analysis of Level Ⅲ
The relationship between self-efficacy and locus of control in medical students related to nomophobia tendency
Authors: Wicaksono Yunatan Iko , Maramis Margarita Maria
Published: November 2023

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation of self-efficacy and locus of control on nomophobia in medical students.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study of Indonesian medical students that employs correlational statistical analysis methods. The research instrument included the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the Internality Powerful-Others Chance (IPC) Levenson Multidimensional Locus of Control Scales, and the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q).

Results

The majority of the 388 subjects had high self-efficacy, used an internal locus of control, and were moderately nomophobia. The mixed locus of control had the greatest effect on the tendency of severe nomophobia ( p < .05, OR=3.02 [CI 1.01–90.8]).

Conclusion

In general, self-efficacy and external locus of control have a significant influence on the tendency of severe nomophobia with weak relationship strength. For the positive goal, a smartphone balance was required so that the smartphone had no negative impact.
Childcare Subsidy Employment and Copayment Requirements and Child Maltreatment
Authors: Maguire-Jack Kathryn , Park Yanghyun , Feely Megan , Schneider William , Pace Garrett T. , Klika J. Bart , Thibodeau Eric
Published: November 2023

Economic support programs for low-income families may play an important role in preventing child abuse and neglect. In the United States, childcare subsidies are provided to low-income families who meet certain requirements to offset the high cost of childcare. States have flexibility in setting many policies related to the provision of childcare subsidies, which results in a great deal of variation in how the programs operate between states. One policy dimension on which states vary is the number of employment hours required to receive childcare subsidies. A small body of work has begun to investigate the ways in which these state policy variations might relate to child maltreatment. Using 11 years of administrative data from the United States, the current study sought to estimate the relationship between two sources of variation in childcare subsidy policies: employment requirements and copayment size; and child neglect, physical abuse, and emotional abuse substantiations. The study found a nuanced relationship between required employment and neglect substantiations. Specifically, requiring some level of work was not associated with neglect substantiations, but requiring 30 hours of employment was associated with higher rates. The study did not find a relationship between copayment size and maltreatment substantiations.
Successful use of split-dose intravenous daratumumab in a multiple myeloma patient after a first-dose life-threatening infusion-related reaction
Authors: Aykaş Fatma , Karakuş Volkan , Sevindik Ömür Gökmen
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Daratumumab is a humanized IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody directed against CD38 used to treat myeloma. The recommended dose of daratumumab is 16 mg/kg, with no lower or upper threshold. Here, we present the first split-dose daratumumab infusion experience in a myeloma patient with morbid obesity in whom daratumumab was interrupted because of grade 3 infusion-related reaction.

Case report

A female myeloma patient with morbid obesity received a combination of chemotherapy with daratumumab because of disease relapse. The calculated dose for the first intravenous daratumumab infusion was 1840 mg/day based on the weight of the patient, which was measured as 115 kilograms. Daratumumab infusion was initiated as appropriate but needed to be stopped because of a severe sudden presentation of shortness of breath and hypoxemia.

Management and outcome

After daratumumab was stopped, premedication was repeated, and oxygen, intravenous and inhaler steroids, inhaler β2 agonists and intravenous diphenhydramine were given in repeated doses. She was monitored and followed up in the emergency critical care unit. Daratumumab treatment with a split-dose schedule was planned after she fully recovered from all signs and symptoms. The total dose was divided into two doses and was given without any complications on two consecutive days. After that, she was also able to tolerate once a week 1840 mg of daratumumab in a single day.

Discussion

There is a paucity of data regarding the best practice for instituting intravenous daratumumab in patients with morbid obesity regarding the infusion rate and duration, optimal dosing, and ideal way to cope with infusion-related reactions. Our case suggests a potential role for a split-dose schedule for patients with obesity and potential dose reductions and infusion-related reactions.
The Relationship Between Patient Experience Special Care Measures and Joint Commission Accreditation Standards Compliance
Authors: Longo Beth A. , Schmaltz Stephen P. , Barrett Stacey C. , Patrianakos Jamie , Williams Scott C.
Published: November 2023

Accreditation evaluates healthcare organization quality of care and patient safety processes, but the influence of this activity on the patient experience is not well understood. This study was designed to explore the relationship between accreditation survey scoring and patient experience of care using a subset of The Joint Commission (TJC) accreditation standards that are conceptually aligned with the Home Health Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HHCAHPS) Special Care Issues composite. This was an observational study that used 2018 to 2019 CMS HHCAHPS data and TJC survey findings for 1464 accredited HHAs. The presence or absence of Requirements for Improvement (RFIs) indicating observed noncompliance and the Survey Analysis for Evaluating Risk (SAFER) score were used as independent variables in the analysis. Dependent variables included 3 HHCAHPS composite measures and 2 global rating measures. Data were analyzed using 2 sets of random effects logistic regression models. We found that an increase in RFIs scored on an HHA survey was associated with lower HHCAHPS score on all measures. When the frequency of RFIs and SAFER scores increased, there was a corresponding decline in HHCAHPS ratings, suggesting that patient experience ratings can potentially identify quality of care issues, when experience questions and quality concepts are sufficiently aligned. Adherence to Joint Commission accreditation standards may positively influence some aspects of the patient experience of care. While causality remains uncertain, accreditation appears to play a role in contributing to these outcomes.
Speculative F(r)ictions: A Youth Restorying Horror and Monstrosity
Authors: Corbitt Alex
Published: November 2023

This case study examined how a 14-year-old youth and eighth-grade student named Kendra (pseudonym) mobilized restorying to (re)center her experiences in horror fiction. I asked how she conceptualized horror and monstrosity in a 6-week English language arts unit, and how she (re)centered her life experiences within horror fiction through restorying “The Price” by Neil Gaiman. Focusing on two forms of her restorying practices—counter-storytelling and transmedia storytelling—I analyzed how she composed an original, personalized horror story. The findings illustrated how the composition reflected her conceptualizations of monstrosity and subverted problematic horror tropes. I also discussed how her horror story functioned as sociopolitical critique, a (re)interpretation of source material, and a method of composing for audiences.
Pave and Pop: A novel addition to the endovascular treatment of hemodialysis access aneurysms
Authors: Aronhime Shimon , Balan Shmuel , Avital Yaniv , Cherniavsky Alexei
Published: November 2023

Background:

Hemodialysis access sites can be complicated by both true and false aneurysms with significant potential morbidity. Aneurysms have traditionally been treated by a variety of surgical methods. Less commonly, endovascular treatment with stent graft placement has been used as an alternative to open surgery.

Methods:

Four patients with symptomatic aneurysmal disease in the hemodialysis access site were treated. All patients had stent grafts (SGs) placed across the diseased segment. Once the diseased segment was excluded, blood was drained from the aneurysm with an 18 g needle. All patients were seen in clinic at 1- and 3-months post procedure.

Results:

All patients were able to receive adequate hemodialysis post procedure. Two patients were cannulated via the SG after 1 month. No aneurysm refilling was seen. No SG infections or fractures were seen.

Conclusion:

A novel addition to the endovascular treatment of aneurysmal disease in hemodialysis patients is described, that both excludes the aneurysm and drains it, providing improvement in the aesthetic appearance of the access site.
A Virtual COVID-19 Youth Ambassador Program: The UI Health CHAMPIONS Experience
Authors: Suarez Natalia , Plascencia Jennifer
Published: November 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to exacerbate socioeconomic and educational hardships rooted in systemic inequities for youth across the United States. (Virtual) youth resilience and health promotion efforts are viable mechanisms to address these hardships in the context of a double pandemic: COVID-19 and structural racism. Health professions training programs hold a unique opportunity to incorporate COVID-19 health education to train and empower youth to become community health ambassadors. Grounded on a Grow-Your-Own (GYO) approach, UI Health CHAMPIONS spearheaded the development of the COVID-19 Youth Ambassador Program (COVID-19 YAP), a virtual multistage and multipartner effort. Its mission is to equip youth with knowledge, perspective, and tools to have empathetic, informative conversations within their networks about COVID-19. Via e-learning, modules cover viruses and the immune system; vaccine development; health disparities/equity; and health advocacy. Participants are introduced to Human-Centered Design Thinking to guide the development of advocacy projects. COVID-19 YAP’s uniqueness lies in the team of program coordinators consisting of (pre-)health professional student workers with a desire to engage in health equity efforts and community health ambassadorship. Freirean principles are applied across program design and delivery; Dialogical Education encourages the educator to become the student and the student to become an educator. This co-learning process empowers students and educators to become agents of social change. COVID-19 YAP can serve as a collaborative effort addressing a public health priority, contributing toward digital health equity, and creating community resilience while encouraging youth to pursue a health profession and become community health advocates.
Evaluation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase Pathway for Assessing the Antidepressant-like Effect of Glucosamine as a Radioprotector in Rats: Behavioral and Biochemical Studies
Authors: Mekkawy Mai H. , Karam Heba M. , Mohamed Marwa A. , Lotfy Dina M.
Published: November 2023

Radiotherapy is a very important tool in the treatment of cancer; nevertheless, its side effects are a hindrance to its use. The present study is designed to evaluate glucosamine effects against radiation-induced brain oxidative stress and depression-like effect in rats. Four groups of female Wister rats were used as control, irradiated (4 × 2 Gy), glucosamine (1 g/kg P.O), and glucosamine + irradiated group. The behavioral responses are estimated. The brain hippocampi of the rats are separated to evaluate oxidative stress biochemical parameters and glycogen synthase kinase pathway in addition to the biogenic amines. Irradiation exposure led to disturbances in the behavioral assessments (forced swimming test, light–dark box, and open field test) and a significant decrease in brain GSH, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), and phosphorylated protein kinase-B (p-AKT) levels. Additionally, MDA and ROS levels increased significantly post-irradiation along with the phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase (p-GSK3). Glucosamine administration before irradiation caused improvement in the behavioral valuations and the biochemical parameters in the brain as well. Glucosamine might be used as a radioprotector to improve brain function and as an antidepressant drug. It could be promising as a future therapy in managing depression occurring during radiotherapy.
Predictors of devastating functional outcome despite successful basilar thrombectomy
Authors: Karamchandani Rahul R. , Satyanarayana Sagar , Yang Hongmei , Rhoten Jeremy B. , Strong Dale , Clemente Jonathan D. , Defilipp Gary , Patel Nikhil M. , Bernard Joe D. , Stetler William R. , Parish Jonathan M. , Hines Andrew U. , Patel Harsh N. , Helms Anna Maria , Macko Lauren , Williams Laura , Retelski Julia , Guzik Amy K. , Wolfe Stacey Q. , Asimos Andrew W.
Published: November 2023

Background

Basilar thrombosis frequently leads to poor functional outcomes, even with good endovascular reperfusion. We studied factors associated with severe disability or death in basilar thrombectomy patients achieving revascularization.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed records from a health system's code stroke registry, including successful basilar thrombectomy patients from January 2017 to May 2023 who were evaluated with pretreatment computed tomography perfusion. The primary outcome was devastating functional outcome (90-day modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 5–6). A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to determine independent predictors of the primary outcome. The area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (AUC) was calculated for the model distinguishing good from devastating outcome.

Results

Among 64 included subjects, with mean (standard deviation) age 65.6 (14.1) years and median (interquartile range) National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) 18 (5.75–24.5), the primary outcome occurred in 28 of 64 (43.8%) subjects. Presenting NIHSS (odds ratio [OR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.14, p = 0.02), initial glucose (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.97–1.00, p < 0.05), and proximal occlusion site (OR 7.38, 95% CI 1.84–29.60, p < 0.01) were independently associated with 90-day mRS 5–6. The AUC for the multivariable model distinguishing outcomes was 0.81 (95% CI 0.70–0.92).

Conclusion

We have identified presenting stroke severity, lower glucose, and proximal basilar occlusion as predictors of devastating neurological outcome in successful basilar thrombectomy patients. These factors may be used in medical decision making or for patient selection in future clinical trials.
A screw extrusion-based system for additive manufacturing of wood: Sodium silicate thermoset composites
Authors: Carne Robert HR , Alade Adefemi A , Orji Berlinda O , Ibrahim Ahmed , McDonald Armando G , Maughan Michael R
Published: November 2023

The aims of this work were to investigate the printability of high-fraction wood and sodium-silicate composites (WSSC) for additive manufacturing and to develop a screw extrusion-based process to demonstrate this approach for building construction applications. A custom additive manufacturing system was fabricated, and mixtures of 40%–60% wood fiber and 60%–40% sodium silicate were printed. The printability of these formulations was determined by observing their viscosity, extrudability, print-bed and layer adhesion, and curing characteristics. Fiber to resin ratios of 45:55 to 50:50 were the most suitable for printing. The printability was also affected by printing temperature and nozzle travel speed. The mechanical properties of printed and cured WSSC, were determined by three-point bending, tensile, and compression testing. Tensile strength, bending strength, and elastic modulus were found to be comparable to those of 3D printed concrete and other wood-plastic composites reported in the literature. The WSSC was successfully printed into a panel indicating promise for use in additive manufacturing.
Social media and support for democracy in 18 Latin American countries: A comparative analysis of moderated mediation (2018–2020)
Authors: Barredo Ibáñez Daniel , López-López Paulo Carlos , de la Garza Montemayor Daniel Javier
Published: November 2023

Participating in social networks has become a controversial phenomenon. In this study, we explore the relationship between the type of social network used by citizens of 18 Latin American countries (moderated by age) and satisfaction with democracy, based on the mediation carried out by satisfaction with life and economic self-placement. To do so, we have prepared a moderated mediation analysis with the survey carried out by Latinobarómetro in 2018 and in 2020. The results confirm an indirect effect between the networks included and satisfaction with democracy, mediated by the proposed variables, in a majority of the cases.
Non-selective Del Nido and St Thomas cardioplegia in adults: analysis of early clinical experience using propensity matching
Authors: Sazzad Faizus , Ong Zhi Xian , Ong Geok Seen , Luo Hai Dong , Guim Goh Si , Kofidis Theo , Vitaly Sorokin
Published: November 2023

Background:

Del Nido cardioplegia (DNC) is a single-dose, high potassium, low-volume cardioplegia solution that has grown in favor recently. However, the use of DNC in the Asian population may be associated with certain challenges.

Methods:

Between January 2017 and April 2022, DNC was used for myocardial protection in this single-center retrospective study. In total, 5731 patients underwent open heart surgeries, where 310 patients received DNC for single or multiple procedures. A total of 307 pair of propensity-matched patients from DNC and cold blood St. Thomas cardioplegia (STC) were compared.

Results:

In total, 5085 patients with STC and 310 patients with DNC from the cohort were matched, reflecting the initial group sizes before propensity matching. About 307 patient pairs were included in the final analysis after propensity matching with the interest variables. In the STC group, the requirement for an immediate postoperative intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) was significantly higher [18 (5.9%) in DNC versus 28 (9.1%) in STC, p = 0.021]. A 30-day mortality was comparable between the DNC and STC groups (2.9% versus 3.3%, p = 1.00). Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (2.6% versus 3.6%, p = 0.648) showed no difference between the groups. In both single and multiple procedure subgroups, there were no statistically significant differences in 30-day mortality and MACE incidences when comparing STC and DNC.

Conclusion:

The use of DNC in adults is acceptable and adaptable. Comparable clinical outcomes between STC patients and DNC were revealed by our investigation. There were no appreciable differences in 30-day mortality or MACE despite the STC group having a much higher need for immediate postoperative IABP.
Impact of a video-based nutrition education program on the nutrition knowledge of students and parents: evidence from the North Region of Cameroon
Authors: Collishaw Anissa , Snider Anna , McNamara Paul , Nuvaga Sampson , Bilame Anny-Flore
Published: November 2023

Background:

Schools are an attractive platform for improving the dietary knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of children and their families, yet limited nutrition knowledge amongst educators can impede nutrition education efforts. Information and communication technology (ICT) can potentially overcome this barrier, yet there is limited evidence for its effectiveness in school settings in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods:

We implemented a randomized field experiment in 50 schools in the North Region of Cameroon to assess the effectiveness of a school-based nutrition education program at improving the nutrition knowledge of fifth and sixth grade students and their parents. We evaluate the relative effectiveness of video-based versus typical classroom instruction. Nutrition knowledge is assessed using a pre-post questionnaire and analyzed using analysis of covariance.

Results:

We find that students exposed to the video treatment improved their nutrition knowledge scores by 0.45 standard deviation more (equivalent to an additional 1.3 out of 14 correct answers) than students that received traditional classroom instruction. There is no differential impact of video on the nutrition knowledge scores of parents.

Conclusion:

Videos can improve knowledge gains compared with typical classroom instruction, but questions remain as to the conditions under which videos and other ICT are most effective as instructional tools.
Real-world treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer: results of KINDLE-Egypt cohort
Authors: Aboelhassan Rasha , Sobeih Mohamed Emam , El-Din Mohamed Alm , Ghali Ramy R. , El-Din Ibtessam Saad , Khorshid Ola , Mokhtar Mohsen , Rabea Ahmed Magdy , Belal Abdelaziz , Azim Hamdy A. , Abdullah Mohamed , Elnahas Tamer , Tawfik Hesham , Abdelwahab Sherif , Elsaid Amr Abdelaziz , Hashem Tarek , Mancy Mohamed , Farag Heba
Published: November 2023

Background:

Stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being highly heterogeneous requires multimodal therapeutic strategies for optimal management. We present findings on treatment patterns and their associated survival outcomes in patients with stage III NSCLC from the Egypt subset of the KINDLE global real-world study conducted across countries from Asia, Middle East, Africa, and Latin America.

Method:

Retrospective data from the Egypt subset (21 centers) of adult patients diagnosed with stage III NSCLC between January 2013 and December 2017 were analyzed. Descriptive and inferential statistics summarized treatment modalities, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).

Results:

Of 421 patients enrolled (median age: 59.0 years), 77.9% were males, 53.5% had stage IIIA disease, 60.8% had adenocarcinoma, 78.4% had an unresectable disease, and 81.5% had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ⩽1. Overall, chemotherapy alone (40.4%) was predominantly used in the initial line, whereas definite radiotherapy was used in only 5.0% of patients. In resectable patients, chemotherapy plus surgery (33.8%), surgery alone (20.6%), or other surgery (20.6%) were the top three modalities used in initial line of treatment. Chemotherapy alone was most preferred (48.8%) in unresectable patients, followed by sequential chemoradiotherapy (CRT) (17.6%) and concurrent CRT (9.3%). The overall median PFS was 10.3 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 9.43–12.02], whereas the median OS was 18.5 months (95% CI, 16.46–21.88). Overall, female gender, adenocarcinoma histology, and radical therapy as surgery or CRT predicted significantly longer OS (all p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

KINDLE-Egypt cohort revealed wide heterogeneities in the treatment patterns of stage III NSCLC. Although deemed resectable, few patients did not undergo surgery, probably due to high smoking rates leading to poor lung function. Lower survival outcomes than other published real-world studies highlight the need for timely approval and availability of novel targeted and immunotherapies to enhance patient outcomes.

Trial registration:

NCT03725475
Research Progress on the Pharmacological Effects and Molecular Mechanisms of Pinostrobin
Authors: Wang Zihan , Zhao Jinyu , Chen Yifan , Liu Gang , Chang Yuqiao , Yang Jianbo , Wang Xianwei , Cui Chaochu
Published: November 2023

Pinostrobin (5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone) is an active flavonoid substance. It is widely present in many traditional Chinese herbs, including Carya cathayensis leaves, Boesenbergia rotunda and propolis. Pinostrobin possesses many pharmacological activities without significant toxicity. In addition to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, pinostrobin also exerts antitumor effects. Pinostrobin is able to protect against infection by several viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Pinostrobin reduces the expression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), which is a promising target of lipid-lowering drugs. It also reduces high uric acid levels while not affecting the normal uric acid levels. Furthermore, it has protective effects on the liver, kidney, bone, skin, reproductive system, stomach and nerves. Due to its multifunctional effects and safety, pinostrobin has advantages for development as a novel drug for clinical application. Based on this, this current article summarized the research progress on the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of pinostrobin, to provide a reference for further development.
Prevalence and predictors of inappropriate prescribing in outpatients with severe mental illness
Authors: Koomen Lisanne , van de Meent Ilona , Elferink Floor , Wilting Ingeborg , Cahn Wiepke
Published: November 2023

Background:

Potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) is frequent in geriatrics and results in an increased risk for adverse effects, morbidity, mortality and reduced quality of life. Research on PIP in psychiatry has mainly focused on elderly patients and inpatients.

Objectives:

To determine the prevalence and the predictors of PIP of psychotropic medication in outpatients with severe mental illness.

Design:

This study is part of the Muva study, a pragmatic open Stepped Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial of a physical activity intervention for patients (age ⩾ 16 years) with severe mental illness.

Methods:

A structured medication interview, questionnaires on social functioning, quality of life and psychiatric symptoms, and BMI and waist circumference measurements were performed followed by a structured medication review. Patients were divided into groups: PIP versus no PIP. Between-group differences were calculated and a multivariate binary logistic regression was performed to examine predictors for PIP. A receiver operating characteristics analysis was performed to determine the area under the curve (AUC).

Results:

In 75 patients, an average of 5.2 medications of which 2.5 psychotropic medication was used. 35 (46.7%) patients were identified with PIP. Unindicated long-term benzodiazepine use was the most frequently occurring PIP (34.1%). Predictors of PIP were female gender [odds ratio (OR) = 4.88, confidence interval (CI) = 1.16–20.58, p = 0.03], number of medications (OR = 1.41, CI = 1.07–1.86, p = 0.02) and lower social functioning (OR = 1.42, CI = 1.01–2.00, p = 0.05). The AUC was 0.88 for the combined prediction model.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of PIP of psychotropic medication in outpatients with severe mental illness is high. It is therefore important to identify, and where possible, resolve PIP by frequently performing a medication review with specific attention to females, patients with a higher number of medications and patients with lower social functioning.

Trial registration:

This trial was registered in The Netherlands Trial Register (NTR) as NTR NL9163 on 20 December 2020 ( https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NL9163 ).
Proactive legal design—making sustainability visible and monitorable in SME loan agreements
Authors: Kaave Piia
Published: November 2023

According to the European Commission's Sustainable Finance Strategy, the financial system has a key role to play in promoting sustainable development toward a greener and more sustainable economy. Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) represent over 99% of all European businesses and are responsible for around 60% of all business greenhouse gas emissions. Small and Medium-sized Enterprises are therefore crucial to the success of the European Union's sustainability transition. The share of sustainable finance for SMEs will grow both as a result of increasing sustainability legislation and the expectations of customers and stakeholders. However, integrating sustainability can be challenging for SMEs due to limited resources and expertise. The article highlights the importance of clear, transparent, and implementable contract documents as tools to enhance sustainability in financing. Proactive contracting and legal design approaches are discussed as means to transform contracts into management and communication tools, to promote sustainable business practices.
“The Media Answer”: How Athletes Conceptualize Their Relationship to the Press in the Players’ Tribune
Authors: Mirer Michael
Published: November 2023

Much of the content that feeds the sports-media system originates through the often-fraught interactions between athletes and journalists. For generations, broader perceptions of this relationship were shaped by sports journalists, who had the last word. The rise of social media and athlete-driven storytelling platforms has seen sports figures speaking with fans outside of this interaction, offering a challenge to the professional authority of the sports journalist and the renegotiation of one of the core routines of mediated sport. One topic athletes and others have taken up in these spaces is their relationship with the press. This textual analysis of 110 stories posted on The Players’ Tribune, an athlete-sourced storytelling portal, finds mixed opinions on the state of athlete-press relations, with some pointing out the limits of what sports journalists can ever know, while others openly question media practices and choices. These messages are significant as athletes are using their platforms to shape perceptions of the sporting press among those most likely to consume journalistic content.
Evaluation of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk During a Jump-Landing Task Using 3-Dimensional Kinematic Analysis Versus the Landing Error Scoring System
Authors: Morooka Takatoshi , Yoshiya Shinichi , Tsukagoshi Rui , Kawaguchi Kotaro , Fujioka Hiroyuki , Onishi Shintaro , Nakayama Hiroshi , Nagura Takeo , Tachibana Toshiya , Iseki Tomoya
Published: November 2023

Background:

The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) has been utilized on the field or in the clinic to identify patients with an increased risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries; however, its validity and efficacy have not been fully confirmed.

Purpose:

To assess the efficacy of the LESS in identifying the ACL injury risk by examining the correlation between the LESS score and motion patterns on 3-dimensional kinematic analysis.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

The jump-landing motion was analyzed for 16 female basketball or badminton players who volunteered to participate in the study. All study participants were aged 19 or 20 years. The sequence of motion was evaluated with the LESS, while kinematic data were simultaneously acquired with a 3-dimensional motion analysis system utilizing the point cluster method. The correlation between the LESS score and knee kinematics was statistically analyzed.

Results:

When a LESS score ≥6 was defined to be a risk factor for ACL injuries, 7 of the 16 participants (43.8%) were found to exhibit risky motion patterns. Significant correlations were noted between the LESS score and knee valgus ( r = 0.87; P < .0001) and internal tibial rotation ( r = 0.57; P = .02) at landing. By contrast, a substantial variability was present in knee flexion, showing no correlation with the LESS score.

Conclusion:

Significant correlations were found between the LESS score and knee valgus and internal tibial rotation during a jump-landing task.

Clinical Relevance:

The LESS can be regarded as an effective measure to identify risky motion patterns that may increase the likelihood of ACL injuries.
Publication Rates of Abstracts Presented at American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine Annual Meetings From 2016 to 2019
Authors: Klein Brandon , Giordano Joshua R. , Bartlett Lucas E. , Clements Dominique A. , Grubb Tyler B. , Stoker Tyson , Trasolini Robert , Cohn Randy M.
Published: November 2023

Background:

Research in the form of poster and podium abstracts is disseminated at subspecialty society meetings. The quality of this research can be defined by exploring the ultimate publication rate of the presented abstracts.

Purpose:

To investigate (1) the manuscript publication rate of abstracts presented at the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM) annual meeting; (2) whether abstract format (poster vs podium) influences overall or 2-year publication rates and time to publication; (3) the abstract factors that are associated with increased publication rate; and (4) whether publication quality as measured by journal of publication, level of evidence (LOE), and number of citations differs between posters and podiums.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Methods:

Poster and podium abstracts that were presented at the AOSSM annual meetings between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019, were included. The PubMed and GoogleScholar databases were searched by abstract title and authors to determine whether the related manuscript had been published. For published manuscripts, the journal, journal impact factor (IF), time to publication, authors, and LOE were recorded.

Results:

The manuscripts of 664 abstracts (341 poster, 323 podium presentations) were published during the study period. The overall publication rate was 52.4%. Publication within 2 years of the meeting was found to be higher in podium abstracts (45.8%) compared with poster abstracts (37.8%) ( P = .0366). Podium abstracts had a shorter time to publication ( P < .001), higher LOE ( P = .0166), more citations ( P < .0001), and were published in higher IF journals ( P = .0028). Poster presentations were more likely to undergo a change in first author between the time of the conference and future publication ( P = .0300). The most common journal of publication was the American Journal of Sports Medicine (36.8%).

Conclusion:

Abstracts presented at the AOSSM annual meeting had a high rate of publication within 2 years. There was no difference in publication rates between podium and poster abstracts, but podium abstracts had a shorter time to publication and more future citations and were published in journals with higher IFs.
Risks and Benefits of Clinical Diagnosis Around the Time of Dementia Onset
Authors: Power Melinda C. , Willens Victoria , Prather Christina , Moghtaderi Ali , Chen Yi , Gianattasio Kan Z. , Grodstein Francine , Shah Raj C. , James Bryan D.
Published: November 2023

Diagnostic delay in dementia is common in the U.S. Drivers of diagnostic delay are poorly understood, but appear related to misconceptions about dementia, stigma, concerns about autonomy, the nature of the diagnostic process, and provider-related factors. There is little quantitative evidence underlying cited risks and benefits of receiving a diagnosis around the time of dementia onset, including impacts on physical health, impacts on mental health, care partner interactions, costs of care, increased time for care planning, or earlier access to treatment. While various groups continue to push for reductions in diagnostic delay, realization of benefits and mitigation of harms will require new research on potential benefits and harms. Workforce and resource constraints, coupled with the expected growth in the number of persons living with dementia, may be a barrier to realization of potential benefits and mitigation of identified harms, which will require adequate access to providers, services, and supports.
Chronic Effects of e-Cigarette Aerosol Inhalation on Macular Perfusion Assessed Using OCT Angiography
Authors: Ponugoti Arathi , Ngo Hoan , Stinnett Sandra , Vajzovic Lejla
Published: November 2023

Purpose: To determine whether there are significant differences in the microvasculature and central retinal thickness (CRT) between e-cigarette users (user group) and age-matched nonusers (control group) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional observational study, OCTA images were acquired of 52 eyes of 26 users and 25 eyes of 25 age-matched nonusers. Daily e-cigarette users with no ocular history were identified from provider information in the electronic medical record. A custom algorithm was used to calculate the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), vessel area density (VAD), and vessel length density (VLD). OCT software was used to calculate the foveal, superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal CRT. Generalized estimating equations using the Z-statistic were used to determine how the FAZ, VAD, VLD, and CRT parameters varied between groups and to assess the differential contribution of descriptive data in the user group. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the user group and control group in the FAZ, superficial vascular complex (SVC) VAD, SVC VLD, or deep vascular complex (DVC) VAD. A statistically significant difference was found for DVC VLD ( P = .002), with the user group having a slightly higher VLD on average. Superior, temporal, and inferior inner macular thicknesses were significantly thinner in the user group ( P = .038, P = .012, and P = .035, respectively). Conclusions: Significant negative differences were found in CRT measures but not in retinal microvasculature parameters between e-cigarette users and nonusers. Decreased inferior, temporal, and superior inner macular thickness in e-cigarette users may show an early chronic structural effect that warrants further assessment of retinal effects as this population ages and continues to use e-cigarettes.
Impossible Hypotheses and Effect-Size Limits
Authors: van Tilburg Wijnand A. P. , van Tilburg Lennert J. A.
Published: November 2023

Psychological science is moving toward further specification of effect sizes when formulating hypotheses, performing power analyses, and considering the relevance of findings. This development has sparked an appreciation for the wider context in which such effect sizes are found because the importance assigned to specific sizes may vary from situation to situation. We add to this development a crucial but in psychology hitherto underappreciated contingency: There are mathematical limits to the magnitudes that population effect sizes can take within the common multivariate context in which psychology is situated, and these limits can be far more restrictive than typically assumed. The implication is that some hypothesized or preregistered effect sizes may be impossible. At the same time, these restrictions offer a way of statistically triangulating the plausible range of unknown effect sizes. We explain the reason for the existence of these limits, illustrate how to identify them, and offer recommendations and tools for improving hypothesized effect sizes by exploiting the broader multivariate context in which they occur.
The Curious Case of Nykaa’s Bonus Issue
Authors: Bhattacharjee Animesh
Published: November 2023

Nykaa (FSN E-Commerce Ventures) distributed 2,373,563,075 bonus equity units of ₹ 1 on 12 November 2022. With Nykaa’s 5:1 bonus issue, questions have been raised about alleged weak governance practises at the firm that went public in November 2021. The timing of this bonus issue created concerns about the company’s motives and suggested to the market that it was attempting to manipulate the stock price and prevent a potential sell-off as the market grew more wary of the business models of new-age companies. The case study queries whether the controversial bonus issue of Nykaa represented a failure in corporate governance.
Longitudinal clinical data improve survival prediction after hematopoietic cell transplantation using machine learning
Authors: Zhou Yiwang , Smith Jesse , Keerthi Dinesh , Li Cai , Sun Yilun , Mothi Suraj Sarvode , Shyr David C. , Spitzer Barbara , Harris Andrew , Chatterjee Avijit , Chatterjee Subrata , Shouval Roni , Naik Swati , Bertaina Alice , Boelens Jaap Jan , Triplett Brandon M. , Tang Li , Sharma Akshay
Published: November 2023

Serial prognostic evaluation after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) might help identify patients at high risk of lethal organ dysfunction. Current prediction algorithms based on models that do not incorporate changes to patients’ clinical condition after allo-HCT have limited predictive ability. We developed and validated a robust risk-prediction algorithm to predict short- and long-term survival after allo-HCT in pediatric patients that includes baseline biological variables and changes in the patients’ clinical status after allo-HCT. The model was developed using clinical data from children and young adults treated at a single academic quaternary-care referral center. The model was created using a randomly split training data set (70% of the cohort), internally validated (remaining 30% of the cohort) and then externally validated on patient data from another tertiary-care referral center. Repeated clinical measurements performed from 30 days before allo-HCT to 30 days afterwards were extracted from the electronic medical record and incorporated into the model to predict survival at 100 days, 1 year, and 2 years after allo-HCT. Naïve-Bayes machine learning models incorporating longitudinal data were significantly better than models constructed from baseline variables alone at predicting whether patients would be alive or deceased at the given time points. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that unlike traditional prognostic tools that use fixed variables for risk assessment, incorporating dynamic variability using clinical and laboratory data improves the prediction of mortality in patients undergoing allo-HCT.
Molecular monitoring of lung allograft health: is it ready for routine clinical use?
Authors: Pradère Pauline , Zajacova Andrea , Bos Saskia , Le Pavec Jérôme , Fisher Andrew
Published: November 2023

Maintenance of long-term lung allograft health in lung transplant recipients (LTRs) requires a fine balancing act between providing sufficient immunosuppression to reduce the risk of rejection whilst at the same time not over-immunosuppressing individuals and exposing them to the myriad of immunosuppressant drug side-effects that can cause morbidity and mortality. At present, lung transplant physicians only have limited and rather blunt tools available to assist them with this task. Although therapeutic drug monitoring provides clinically useful information about single time point and longitudinal exposure of LTRs to immunosuppressants, it lacks precision in determining the functional level of immunosuppression that an individual is experiencing. There is a significant gap in our ability to monitor lung allograft health and therefore tailor optimal personalised immunosuppression regimens. Molecular diagnostics performed on blood, bronchoalveolar lavage or lung tissue that can detect early signs of subclinical allograft injury, differentiate rejection from infection or distinguish cellular from humoral rejection could offer clinicians powerful tools in protecting lung allograft health. In this review, we look at the current evidence behind molecular monitoring in lung transplantation and ask if it is ready for routine clinical use. Although donor-derived cell-free DNA and tissue transcriptomics appear to be the techniques with the most immediate clinical potential, more robust data are required on their performance and additional clinical value beyond standard of care.