bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yield performance and agronomic characteristics of several candidate hybrid maize varieties on uncultivated land
Authors: Muliadi A , Priyanto S B , Efendi R
Published: September 2023

Corn is currently a strategic and dominant national commodity used as raw material for animal feed. The increase in productivity was made possible by the continued assembly of hybrid corn which has a higher production per hectare with a wide or site-specific adaptation rate. Due to the wide utilization of maize, the main objective of all commercial maize breeding programs is to obtain new inbred and hybrids which will outperform the hybrids mainly on grain yield characteristics. This research was conducted in Bone Regency to know the yield potential of several hybrid maize on uncultivated land, using a randomized block design, 4 replications, a plot area of 3 x 5 m, and spacing of 70 x 20 cm. The material used consisted of 4 hybrids and 2 comparison varieties. The results showed that the hybrid G1603 (11.61 t/ha) showed the highest grain yield and was not significantly different from the comparison varieties. This result was supported by the character of the number of rows of seeds per ear, the length of the ear, and the diameter. These characteristics need to be considered to get hybrid corn with a high grain yield.
Genetic advantages of highland local rice in South Sumatra
Authors: Yustisia  , Atekan  , Khodijah S , Anggraini R T , Karman J , Irsan F , Maryana Y E , Suryana Y , Juwita Y , Khairullah I , Heryanto R B , Riyanto D
Published: September 2023

Identification of genetic superiority is needed to anticipate problems such as local rice extinction and environmental stress due to global climate change. This study aims to determine the genetic superiority of local upland rice in South Sumatra, and the opportunities for its use as a donor gene in the creation of new high-yielding varieties. A research on eight local rice was conducted in May-September 2021. The method and scope of the study are inventory of local rice, identification of agronomic characters, and identification of Zn and Fe content in grain components. Quantitative characters identified as important genes are panicle length and 1000 grain weight. Panicle length (>35 cm) is an important character of Selebur Rimbe, Putih Rice and Jambat Teras. The 1000 grains weight of Selebur Rimbe rice is close to 30 g (28.95 g). The [Zinc] character of local rice bran significantly determines [Zn] polished rice (r = 0.701*). While determining character [Fe] of brown rice is empty grain (r = - 0.707*). Information on the advantages of this rice genetics can be utilized through implementation of crosses with various superior varieties of rice. The expected output from this effort is a superior rice variety that has characteristics including high yield, high [Zn] brown rice grains, low [Fe] husk, as well as adaptive and stable at various altitudes.
Growth and result performance of 10 promising resistant lines of tungro disease in Lanrang South Sulawesi
Authors: Ibrahim Elisurya , Rosida Nur , Khaerana  , Haiqal Muhammad
Published: September 2023

Increased rice production is constrained by various limiting factors, One of these is tungro disease, which can limit productivity. When resistant tungro varieties are available, they are regarded as an affective control tool that is also more environmental friendly. Advanced yield experiment represents a phase in the process of producing cultivars that are resistant to tungro disease. The study aimed to determine the growth and result performance of tungro-resistant lines with greater phenotypic characteristics and yield potential compared to other tungro resistant varieties. The study was carried out from July to October 2018 at the Tungro Disease Research Station in Lanrang Sidrap, utilizing a design with a randomized complete block design, It was repeated three times using 10 tungro-resistant lines and two comparative varieties, namely Inpari 7, Lanrang, and Ciherang. The F test was used to examine the data, and the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test was used to determine significance. The parameters observed were Flowering age of 50% (days), number of panicles per m2, plant height (cm), density score, the weight of 1000 grains, number of filled and unfilled grains per panicle, moisture content (%), grain yield (kg/ha). Results revealed that there were four lines BP12280-3f-7-Kn-2-1*B-Lrg-1-1-10-9, BP12280-3f-7-Kn-2-1 * B-Lrg-1- 1-10-9, BP12206f-8-3-2 * B-LR-20-4 and BP12280-3f-7-Kn-2-1 * B-Lrg-1- 16-14 with a higher grain yield than Ciherang and Inpari 7 Lanrang, which benefited by 1000 grain weight, the number of grains filled per panicle and flowering age is 50% earlier than the comparison variety.
Identification and quantification of minerals and vitamins of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) leave
Authors: Ranteallo Y , Ahmad M , Syam A , Nilawati A
Published: September 2023

Purple sweet potato leaves are abundant in polyphenols, antisionins, flavonoids, and other nutrients that are higher than other varieties and green vegetables and are very good for health but reports on mineral and vitamin content are still very rare even in many places including Jayapura are less aware of the benefits and uses of these leaves, while around many are malnourished, especially in pregnancy. The purpose of this study, namely Identifying and measuring, and analyzing the mineral and vitamin content of purple sweet potato leaves. To extract Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn using the ICP-MS method. K, Ca, Mg, and Na using the AAS method while P, B-Carotene, and Vitamin C using the Spectrophotometric method. The results of this study were Fe (22,014.5 µg/100g), Zn (1,999.9 µg/100g), Cu (5 µg/100g), Mn (3,902.6 µg/100g), K (1,786,556 µg/100g), Ca (258,824 µg/100g), Mg (164,839 µg/100g), Na (305,531µg/100g), P (98,278 µg/100g). Vitamin C (300.845 µg/100g), B.Carotene (585.829 µg/100g). This study concludes that the minerals and vitamins of Koya Koso Jayapura purple sweet potato leaves are proven to be very high, and can be used as additional food and treatment for micronutrient deficiencies, especially for pregnant women. Suggestions for future researchers to identify more minerals and vitamins in these purple sweet potato leaves.
The effect of biofertilizer on increasing upland rice yield in rainfed rice field in boyolali
Authors: Hindarwati Y , Minarsih S , Praptana R H , Supriyo A , Romdon A S
Published: September 2023

The low availability of nutrients is an obstacle to increasing rice productivity in rainfed rice fields. The application of a combination of biofertilizers and inorganic fertilizers was known to increase the efficiency of using inorganic fertilizers. This study aims to determine the effect of biofertilizers on the growth and yield of rice plants in a rainfed rice field. The study was conducted on rainfed rice fields in Banyusri Village, Wonosegoro District, Boyolali Regency from September to December 2013. A total of 6 biofertilizer products were used in this study, namely PR, RC, ST, AGR, BV and GLK. The rice variety used was Situ Patenggang. The study used a randomized block design with 9 treatments and each treatment was repeated 4 times. The nine treatments were: fertilization according to the recommendations of dry soil test device (P1); ½ dose of P1 (P2); P2 + manure (P3); P2 + PR (P4); P2 + RC (P5); P2 + ST (P6); P2+AGR (P7); P2+BV (P8); P2+GLK (P9). Planting using a 2:1 jajar legowo system with a spacing of 20 x 10 x 40 cm was carried out by direct planting of 4-5 seeds per hole. Biofertilizer application is carried out according to the instructions of each product. Parameters observed included: soil chemical status (N, P, K, C-organic, pH, CEC) before the study; plant growth (plant height, number of tillers and number of productive tillers); yield (weight of harvested dry grain and dry milled); and a simple farming analysis was carried out. The results showed that all combinations of biofertilizers with ½ recommended dose were effective in increasing rice yields but they could not match the yield of rice fertilized according to the recommended dose. The combination of fertilization using GLK biofertilizer showed the highest yield compared to other biofertilizers with an advantage of 48.05% compared to ½ recommended dose of fertilization.
Analysis of changes in vegetation density with sentinel-2a image on Malino sub-watershed
Authors: Apriliandi M W
Published: September 2023

Changes in vegetation density, especially in sub-watershed areas, will continue to occur over time. This is due to increasing human activities impacting land use change. The Malino sub-watershed one part of the Jeneberang watershed, almost all located in Tinggimoncong District. Monitoring changes in vegetation density in the Malino Sub-watershed is carried out by utilizing remote sensing technology in the form of sentinel-2A imagery and using the NDVI type of vegetation index method. This study aims to determine the distribution and changes in vegetation density in the Malino Sub-watershed in 2017, 2019, and 2021. From the analysis results conducted using the NDVI vegetation index, the distribution of vegetation density in the Malino Sub-watershed is divided into four classes, namely the non- vegetation, sparse vegetation, medium vegetation, and dense vegetation. Changes in vegetation density in the Malino sub-watershed from 2017 to 2019 occurred in the dense vegetation density class of 2.21% or 192.69 ha, while the smallest occurred in the non-vegetation density class of 0.24% or 20. 97 ha. Meanwhile, the most significant change in vegetation density in the Malino sub-watershed from 2019 to 2021 occurred in the dense vegetation density class of 11.64% or 1,016.60 ha, while the smallest occurred in the non-vegetation density class of 0.12% or 10.46 ha.
Hydrological characteristics using the SWAT model on several agricultural systems in the Maros karst area
Authors: Abbas M , Achmad M
Published: September 2023

In the region of karst, there are valley areas that are used by the community as agricultural land. However, drought phenomena often occur in this area, so it is necessary to know the presence of water to support agricultural processes. The aim of the research is to predict flow rates in several agricultural systems using Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT). SWAT was chosen because it can simulate the model with easy-to-obtain data. Required data such as Digital Elevation Model (DEM), soil type, and land cover to form a Hydrology Unit Response (HRU). Enhanced with climate data input to run SWAT Run. The scenario is done with Land Use Split in the HRU Definition menu. The results showed that forest vegetation defined as FRSE and FRST stored water better than AGRR and RICE agricultural lands. However, it is different for underground flow, that RICE can store better. The scenario results show a decrease in the value of surface runoff by 15.3% and an increase in lateral flow by 26% from the existing condition. The underground flow continued to increase but was not significant at 4.2%.
Downscaling of vegetation indices from multi-satellite throughout-season maize
Authors: Habibie Muhammad Iqbal , Nurda Nety
Published: September 2023

Phenomenology of the growing season The Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI) provided by satellites was employed as a replacement for quantifying the output of vegetative biomass. The MODIS sensors 250-m data have been utilized for terrestrial ecosystem modelling and monitoring. MODIS’s land surface data are credible and trustworthy because to their high temporal resolution and broad spectrum of wavelengths. Land cover and land change studies have used the spatially accurate data provided by the Landsat 30m to characterize human-scale processes. Sentinel-2 is a land surveillance satellite with innovative spectrum capabilities, extensive coverage, and excellent spatial and temporal resolutions. The primary purpose of this work is to create a downscaling vegetation indices (VI) database by combining MODIS, Landsat, and Sentinel data into 250m resolution. The most important NDVI indicates the maize growing season in April and August. MODIS, Landsat, and Sentinel 250m derived biophysical information deliver the same biophysical information for moderate-scale biological aspects. This multi-sensor inquiry also includes high-resolution Landsat data, which will be useful for local ecological investigations while keeping the full seasonal dynamic information given by MODIS.
The identification of pests and diseases of rice plants using sentinel-2 satellite imagery data at the end of the vegetative stage
Authors: Ainunnisa I , Haerani H
Published: September 2023

One of the factors that affect production yield of cultivation crops, including rice plants, is pest/disease attacks. Various types of pests/diseases are often found in rice cultivation such as rats, stem borers and rice leaf folders. The damage caused by these pests/diseases can lead to production decreases and crop failure. To prevent an increase in pest infestation, monitoring can be carried out by employing remote sensing technologies such as Sentinel 2 satellite imagery. The identification of rice plant pests/diseases can be done using Vegetation Indices such as NDVI and NDRE, due to their sensitivity to plant chlorophyll. The purpose of this study was to identify infected pest and disease of rice plants in paddy fields by using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. The methods of this study were spatial analysis and simple linear regression analysis, by looking at the relation between Vegetation Indices and rice productivity. The research results showed that based on the low value of NDVI and NDRE at the end of vegetative stage, some of rice fields were infected with pests and diseases. From field observation, it was found that the pests and diseases included rats, rice leaf folders, borers and blasts. Pests/diseases infestation in paddy fields lead to a low Vegetation Index value which results in low rice production. Comparing the NDVI and NDRE, NDRE was better in detecting pests and diseases due to its sensitivity to the plants’ chlorophyll.
Evaluation of smart farm training for extension officers to support digitalizing era
Authors: Kresna Andi B , Hanifa Arini P
Published: September 2023

Smart farming is an agricultural concept based on precision agriculture. It utilizes technology automation supported by big data management, machine learning or artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things to improve the quality and quantity of agricultural production. In its implementation, extension workers play a vital role as the vanguard of this program escort. Therefore, increasing the capacity of extension workers in smart farming is very necessary. This paper evaluated several aspects of smart farming training for extension workers. This paper uses secondary data from the evaluation form of 30 participants collected from Batangkaluku Agricultural Training Centre. Results showed that male extension officers dominated the training participants (70%). The subjects/training modules can be mastered by participants with scores>3.4 out of 5. The training can increase participants’ comprehension of the material up to 2.75x higher. The satisfaction level was above 4 out of 5. The findings can help the organizing committee in improving related aspects. Increased capacity building of agriculture extension officers by such training was expected to overcome the gap in the information of technology innovation from researchers to farmers.
Effect of differences preheating temperatures on the functional and physical properties of soy protein concentrate
Authors: Fetriyuna  , Lutfiah Salma Dwina , Indiarto Rossi , Yudha Eka Purna
Published: September 2023

Soy protein is widely used in the food industry due to its nutritional value as well as its functional and physical properties, which form the sensory characteristics of food. With thermal process, the functional and physical properties of native soy protein can result the texture of food products becoming excessive. This has a negative impact on the sensory characteristics of food products with high concentrations of soy protein. The functional and physical properties of soy protein can be modified using the preheating method by controlling the protein aggregation behavior through the temperature setting used. Thus, this study aims to observe the effect of differences in preheating temperature on the functional and physical properties of soy protein concentrate. Soy protein was observed in the form of soy protein concentrate. Preheating was carried out at 70, 80 and 90°C with a protein concentration of 6% (w/v). The functional and physical properties observed were solubility, gel-forming capacity, voluminosity, microstructure, and protein digestibility. The results showed that the preheating of soy protein concentrate had a significant effect on solubility, gelling capacity, voluminosity, and protein digestibility. However, the difference in preheating temperature did not have a significant effect on the voluminosity and microstructure of the soy protein concentrate.
Comparative investigation on the nutritional value of fresh coffee pulp, cascara powder, and cascara sap from arabica, robusta, and liberica coffee
Authors: Romauli N D M , Siahaan F T K , Sagala M , Sihombing H V , Ambarita H , Manurung H
Published: September 2023

Coffee is one of the superior plants in North Sumatra, where the types of coffee cultivated are arabica coffee (Coffea arabica), robusta coffee (Coffea canephora), and liberica coffee (Coffea liberica). Coffee pulps (cascara) are a solid waste from coffee that can still be utilized because of their nutritional content. This study aims to determine the characterization and nutritional value of three types of fresh coffee pulps and the cascara after being processed into cascara powder and cascara sap. Water content, ash content, fat content, crude fiber, soluble dietary fiber, and insoluble dietary fiber, color measurement (L*,a* and b*), antioxidant activity using the DPPH and total microbe was carried out. Based on the results of the study, liberica coffee has a bigger size (diameter, length, and thickness of the skin), as well as a greater density than arabica coffee and robusta coffee. The nutritional result shows that cascara robusta sap has higher soluble dietary fiber value than cascara Arabica sap and cascara liberica sap. Cascara powder gave higher antioxidant activity and lower microbial contamination than cascara sap.
Physical quality of KUB chicken carcass supplemented with turmeric
Authors: Permadi S N , Kusnadi H , Ivanti L , Hidayat T , Puspitasari R , Ambarsari I
Published: September 2023

Public interest in kampung chicken (Ayam Kampung) must be balanced with the carcass’s quality. Providing healthy and antibiotic-free Ayam Kampung carcasses is a challenge for farmers. As a natural additive, turmeric could promote chicken growth performances. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of turmeric supplementation on the physical quality of KUB chicken carcasses. The study was conducted at the AIAT Bengkulu Postharvest Laboratory Unit from January to December 2021. About 20 KUB chickens (75 days old) were involved in this experiment. There were five treatments in this study, specifically: (1) without turmeric supplementation as control, (2) 2.5% turmeric supplementation, (3) 5% turmeric supplementation, (4) 7.5% turmeric supplementation, and (5) 10% turmeric supplementation. Each treatment was replicated four times. The observation of carcass quality included live weight, carcass weight, total carcass percentage, carcass part percentage (thighs, chest, and wings), heart weight, and abdominal fat percentage. The result showed that turmeric supplementation significantly reduced the abdominal fat of KUB chickens. However, the supplementation treatments did not influence KUB chicken’s carcass yield.
Effect of functionalization of raw materials on the quality of instant chocolate drink with sensory, physicochemical and anti-diabetic parameters
Authors: Wahyuni N I , Sanna A T , Pirman  , Yusuf M , Langkong J
Published: September 2023

The cocoa bean is a component of the cocoa pod, which is frequently used as an ingredient in foods and drinks. Numerous healthy substances, such as polyphenols, which act as antioxidants, antiaging, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive agents, are found in cocoa beans. The goal of this study is to create a useful instant beverage that acts as an antidiabetic. This study involved the creation of a combined instant chocolate powder and cocoa liquid. According to the findings, the Forastero variety processed cocoa powder had the highest total polyphenol content, namely 425.179 pm 0.01 mg GAE/g and the lowest polyphenol content was owned by Kalla cocoa, namely 172.768 pm 2.93 mg GAE/g. The formulation’s overall polyphenol content ranged from 3.125 pm 1.89 to 150.446 pm 17.04 mg GAE/g. The highest inhibition percentage with the lowest IC50 value was found in the formulation A31 sample and the lowest inhibition percentage with the highest IC50 value was in the formulation B32 sample. The higher the value of the total polyphenol content of the cocoa powder sample, the higher the percentage of inhibition of alpha-amylase activity. The physicochemical analysis is carried out by measuring the color. The color change in cocoa powder is due to changes in the structure of the cocoa anthocyanin-type polyphenols during the fermentation, drying and roasting processes. The sensory analysis of the ranking method showed the best formulations of B23 and B33, according to the panelists.
Thin layer drying model of local rice grain Siam mutiara variety from tidal swamp land in South Kalimantan
Authors: Darita Setiawaty Reski , Salengke
Published: September 2023

As staple food in many countries, rice is one of the most important cultivated plant. Indonesia is the third largest rice producer in the world with annual production of 54,65 million tons. South Kalimantan province has 191,740 ha of tidal swamp land, which equivalent to 30% of its total area. Paddy rice variety planted in this region is dominated by local varieties, such as Siam Mutiara. Local farmers prefer this variety due to its high demand and high selling price than other local rice varieties. This variety produces soft textured rice which is preferred by the people of South Kalimantan. In addition to the taste and texture, physical aspects such as wholeness of the grain is also important for consumers, and this aspect is affected by post-harvest processed such as drying. In this study, drying characteristics of Siam Mutiara variety was studied. Samples of Siam Mutiara from Jelapat 1 village, Barito Kuala district were dried using a Fixed Bed Dryer at three temperatures (40, 50, and 60°C) and an airflow rate of 1 m/s. The samples were dried in five trays made of PVC pipes (5” diameter and 1” length) which arranged vertically. The first four trays were used to dry paddy rice sample with a layer of 1 cm thick, and the lowest tray were used to dry the sample in a single layer grain (with average thickness of grain width 1,66 mm). The temperature and humidity at each tray monitored continuously, and the weight of the sample in each tray was measured every 30 minutes. The results of this study indicate that the temperature and humidity varied among the trays, where the lowest tray had the highest temperature and the lowest air humidity. However, moisture content of the samples in all of the trays are relatively similar for both the top four trays (with total of 4 cm) and the lowest tray (single layer). This result indicates that for Siam Mutiara variety, a total of 4 cm thick layer can still be considered as a thin layer drying. It also found that the effect of drying temperature on drying rate is significant. In addition, the drying characteristic of this rice variety can be best modelled using Page Model.
Evaluation of organoleptic quality, antioxidant activity and anthocyanin levels from the combination of carrageenan flour, kepok banana flour and purple yam flour in pudding
Authors: Aini N L A , Zainal
Published: September 2023

The nutritional content of pudding generally consists of carbohydrates, fat, protein, fiber, minerals, sodium and potassium. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality, antioxidant activity and anthocyanin levels of a combination of carrageenan flour, banana flour and purple yam flour in pudding. This study uses the method formulation using the Design Expert. Organoleptic color test the best results were in the P5 with a value of 3.65 on the attractive scale, the best aroma was obtained in the P17 with a value of 3.90 on the fragrant aroma scale, The taste that the panelists liked on average was the P5 with a score of 3.55 delicious taste scale and the best texture was the P17 with a score of 4.30 on the chewy scale. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the P14 with a score of 44.23%. while the highest anthocyanin content was found in the P10 with a value of 1.98 mg/l.. The best results from this study were the P14 formulation (40 gr carrageenan flour: 26.44 gr banana flour: 13.56 purple yam flour) to determine the best formulation based on the research objective, namely high nutritional value which produces high antioxidant products.
The effect addition of palm oil and coconut oil on the proximate value of pendawa chocolate, North Sumatra
Authors: Harahap E S , Addina S , Julianti E , Lubis M M
Published: September 2023

Deli Serdang is one of the cocoa-producing regions in North Sumatera. Its high productivity value and lack of processing system cause cocoa beans to be sold dry directly. Chocolate bars are one type of chocolate produced by the Pendawa Farmers Group. Pendawa chocolate bar products are already favored by many people because they have a delicious taste, attractive color, excellent source of antioxidants, and provided health beneficial effect. In this study, cocoa beans were fermented and processed into cocoa powder so that they could be used as the main raw material in the making of chocolate bars. Other materials used in the processing of pendawa chocolate bars are palm oil, coconut oil, powdered sugar, cocoa fat, milk powder, cocoa paste, vanilla, baking soda, and lecithin. The resulting chocolate were analyzed to determine the value of proximate content. The research result showed that the mixing ratio of the chocolate-making ingredients using palm oil and coconut oil can maintain the nutritional content of pendawa chocolate products as well as form a better texture.
The effect of carrageenan-gluten ratio and garlic essential oil concentration on physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties of edible film
Authors: Muflih M H , Syarifuddin A
Published: September 2023

Edible film can be made from natural polymers, such as fats, proteins, and polysaccharides. The combination of polysaccharides and proteins has the potential to form a film, it can improve the mechanical properties and physical properties of the film based on the complex structure formed. Furthermore, to improve the barrier properties by obstructing water vapour transmission and preventing the proliferation of spoilage microorganisms in food, it is important to present both hydrophobic substances and active compounds extracted from essential oils. This research aimed to find out the best formulation of gluten and garlic essential oil on the physical, mechanical, and bacteria-inhibitory properties of edible film. The method used in this research is the edible film made by combining carrageenan and gluten in several concentrations (7,5%; 10%; and 12,5%) and the addition of garlic essential oil at different concentrations (0%, 2%, and 4%), then observations were made on several test parameters such as solubility in water, thickness, water vapor transmission rate, tensile strength, and antibacterial properties of the film. Results obtained in the research demonstrated that the finest edible film treatment was found in addition of 12.5% gluten and addition of 4% garlic essential oil with the results of solubility parameter of 40.57% thickness of 0.73 mm tensile strength of 0.0009 N/mm2 and WVTR of 21.856 g/h/m2 and antibacterial properties against E. coli bacteria of 26.93 mm and against S. aurerus bacteria of 33.76 mm. This research concluded the addition of gluten and garlic oil could improve physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties edible film.
Production process and its influence on the quality of palm sugar from various regions in South Sulawesi
Authors: Syahidah  , Furqan Rayu Surya Muh. , Akbar Muhammad Iman , Rahma Aulia Sri
Published: September 2023

Palm sugar is one of the Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) that have high economic value. The quality of palm sugar is one of the important factors that affected the success of the palm sugar business and this quality is determined by the raw materials and the production process. This research aims were to evaluate the quality of palm sugar produced in various regions in South Sulawesi and to analysis the factors that affected their quality. To achieve these aims, the sample of palm sugar product were collected from Maros, Bone, Sidrap and Sinjai Regencies and then all the samples evaluated their quality at The Makassar Plantation Product Industrial Office (Balai Besar Industri Hasil Perkebunan) according to Indonesian National Standard of Palm Sugar (SNI Gula Palma) No. 01-3743-1995. In addition, the production process of the palm sugar in every area also observed and recorded. The results show that the quality of all palm sugar produced from all regencies mostly meets the standard, except palm sugar from Sinjai Regency due to it is exceeding the maximum value of lead (Pb) content. Moreover, production process and the tools used by the community in these areas in general are the same. The production process of palm sugar begins with tapping the sap in the morning and evening. Furthermore, the sap is cooked for approximately 6-8 hours until the sap thickens and is ready to be molded. The tools used in this process such as pans, straw, sieves, molding tools in the form of coconut shells and wooden molds in the form of bricks, and firewood as fuel. Natural preservatives applied to inhibit the fermentation on the sap, locally known as tappajeng root and garcinia leaves. Therefore, it can be concluded that the production process which is almost the same in each region causes the quality of the palm sugar also almost the same and meets the quality of palm sugar in accordance with Indonesian National Standard of Palm Sugar (SNI Gula Palma).
Processing of carrot (Daucus carota L.) as a preparation material for β-carotene using drying and boiling methods and its application in milkfish (Chanos chanos) meatball products
Authors: Maharani Andi , Hasizah Andi , Tahir Mulyati M
Published: September 2023

Carrot (Daucus carota L) is a type of functional food plant that is often consumed by the public, one of the nutrients in carrots is β-carotene. Benefits of β-carotene for the body to prevent and reduce cancer risk. In addition, β-carotene in carrots can be added to processed products that are popular with consumers, such as meatballs. Carrot β-carotene content is formulated in processed milkfish meatballs. The purpose was to study the processing of carrots using the drying and boiling method and its application to milkfish meatball products. The results of determining the levels of β-carotene carrot flour before the product has an average of 3.80 ± 1.18 and carrot puree before the product has an average of 3.72 ± 1.08. Meanwhile, the milkfish meatball product with the addition of carrot puree had an average of 2.87 ± 0.58 and the milkfish meatball product with the addition of carrot flour had an average of 2.56 ± 1.51. From the results of the paired sample t-test it is known that there is a significant difference in the significance value between drying carrot flour and boiling carrot puree. Physicochemical test results, which the test parameters for milkfish meatball products and with the addition of carrot β-carotene, based on SNI 7266: 2017 include organoleptic tests, water content, ash content, protein content, histamine levels and microbial spruce (ALT). The data generated from the three products, namely A0: milkfish meatballs without carrot β-carotene, A1: milkfish meatballs with the addition of carrot pure β-carotene and A2: milkfish meatballs with the addition of carrot β-carotene flour, can meet the SNI 7266 standard :2017. So it can be concluded that the products of milkfish meatballs and with the addition of carrot β-carotene are suitable for consumption in society.
Flavor enhancement of decaffeinated robusta beans re-fermentation using a mucilage analog of the blend of watermelon albedo (Citrullus vulagris Schard) and sucrose
Authors: Aulia N A , Bastian F , Asfar M
Published: September 2023

Robusta beans have a bitter taste, sour taste, and high caffeine content. Robusta coffee contains 2.2 percent caffeine, while Arabica coffee contains 1.2 percent caffeine. The caffeine level in the coffee beans can be lowered through the decaffeinated process. Optimal caffeine extraction from coffee requires heating via the decaffeinated process. However, high temperatures and long decaffeinated times can reduce flavor due to the degradation of flavor-forming compounds, resulting in decaffeinated coffee with a weak flavor. This research aimed to enhance the flavor of decaffeinated robusta beans by re-fermentation using watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris Schard.) albedo and sucrose. The specific purpose of the study was to analyze the taste of re-fermented decaffeinated robusta beans using cupping methods caffeine levels, reduction sugar levels, and protein levels in advanced re-fermentation decaffeinated coffee using a mucilage analog of the blend of watermelon albedo and sucrose. The study consists of two factors, decaffeinated robusta beans (5% and 10%) and the amount of sucrose (5%, 10%, and 12%). Results indicate improved decaffeinated robusta beans using re-fermentation mucilage analog of the blend of watermelon albedo and sucrose with cupping test 81.75 and with the chemical characteristic of caffeine 1,05%, reduction sugar level, and 2.27% protein level. Flavor decaffeinated robusta beans re-fermentation indicated an increase with the final high score using cupping methods with the flavor produced by brown sugar, sweet potato smell and aftertaste, herbs, and advanced re-fermentation of decaffeinated using mucilage analog showed a change in the chemical characteristic of coffee.
The effect of papain enzyme concentration on the yield and clarity level of VCO
Authors: Laga A , Musdalifa M , Muhpidah M
Published: September 2023

VCO can be produced by the enzymatic method, which does not involve excessive heating, thereby preventing the degradation of essential compounds. One thing that needs to be considered in the enzymatic production of VCO is the enzyme storage conditions. Enzyme stability during storage can be maintained using maltodextrin coatings, but the production of enzymatic VCO is often not accompanied by the use of coatings. Therefore this study aimed to determine the effect of enzyme concentration and the use of maltodextrin coatings on the yield and quality of the resulting VCO. This research method goes through two stages, in the first stage uses a completely randomized design (CRD), which was arranged factorially consisting of enzyme concentration factors (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% (w/v)). The second stage uses CRD to use a maltodextrin coating (without enzymes, enzymes, enzymes with a maltodextrin coating). The results obtained in this study were that the best enzyme concentration treatment to produce VCO was obtained at a concentration of 0.5% with the use of maltodextrin coatings based on a yield of 20.5% and a degree of clarity of 86.73. This study concludes that the treatment using enzymes with coatings is considered the most effective because of the role of coatings in maintaining the stability of enzymes during storage.
An overview of ohmic heating utilization in the processing of food
Authors: Syamsuri R
Published: September 2023

Ohmic heating is a variation of conventional heating which generates heat by passing an electric current through a material. It is known as Joule heating and involves passing electricity flowing through a material that can withstand the passage in electrical to produce heat. Numerous scientific studies contend that ohmic heating is an evolution of traditional heating in the food industry owing to its capacity to warm products swiftly and uniformly. Other benefits of ohmic heating include its capacity to inactivate microorganisms, low maintenance costs, high energy efficiency, and the ability to preserve food’s nutritional value. Due to these benefits, ohmic heating is commonly employed in food processing. There is considerable research on the use of ohmic heating in various food processing techniques, such as sterilization, pasteurization, blanching, fermentation, and microbial inactivation. This paper provides a summary of several research on the utilization regarding ohmic heating methods in food processing.
The potential and the quality of several open pollinated chili varieties seed production
Authors: Azmi C , Manik F , Rahayu A , Saadah I R , Br Hutabarat R C , Barus S , Karo B B , Tarigan R , Kirana R , Gaswanto R , Harmanto
Published: September 2023

Seed availability is very important in supporting the sustainability of agriculture in a country and maintaining the existence of a variety. Therefore, seeds of OP chili varieties are produced by the Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute through the seed certification process. Identification of the potential and character of seed production of each chili variety needs to be known for effective seed production planning. Seed production of seven varieties was carried out in a screen house in two locations (Lembang-West Java and Brastagi-North Sumatera). Observations were conducted at every stage of production from tillage to seed quality testing, including the length of harvest time, number and weight of fruits, seed weight, seed yield, and seed quality. The number of fruits, weight of fruits, and seeds produced differed between chili varieties. Tanjung-2 chili is the earliest variety to start harvesting (12 weeks after planting) compared to other varieties. Ciko has the shortest harvest period (9 weeks). Lembang 1 has the highest seed potential compared to others (4.86-6.65%).
Assessing True Shallot Seed (TSS) performance and farmers’ perceptions of its innovation attributes
Authors: Adiyoga W
Published: September 2023

True Shallot Seed (TSS) cultivation is a new shallot production technique that does not use vegetative tubers as planting material, but rather seeds. This study aimed to examine the field performance of TSS and assess farmers’ perceptions of TSS innovation attributes. On-farm participatory trials involving eight farmers were conducted in Cirebon and Brebes during June-August 2020. Compared to Trisula and Maserati, Sanren’s performance was the best in both the nursery and transplant stages. Maserati showed the second-best performance in seed emergence and yields. Meanwhile, although farmers had rated Trisula high scores for color, pungency, and bulb shape, poorer yields made Trisula the least financially viable of the others. Relative advantage, compatibility, trialability, and observability of TSS are rated positive by farmers. In terms of complexity, most farmers perceive that learning and understanding TSS innovation is quite a challenge for them. Bivariate correlation analysis indicates that the more positive farmer’s perception of relative advantage, compatibility, trialability, and observability of TSS, the more positive their intention to adopt TSS will be. However, complexity has a negative significant correlation with the intention which means that the more complex TSS innovation is perceived by farmers, the weaker their intention to adopt TSS will be.
Profit variability of vegetable farming in the upper Citarum watershed, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Susilowati S H , Perdana R P , Sumaryanto  , Erwidodo  , Sudaryanto T , Agustian A
Published: September 2023

Vegetable farming contributes major income to farm households in the upper Citarum watershed. The participation rate of farmers in vegetable farming reached 55%, indicating that this region’s farming is very intensive. However, the land holding of the vegetable farm is very diverse among farmers. The vegetable is also planted on a steep slope and is vulnerable to soil erosion. This condition implies low technological efficiency and high risk on production and profit. In addition, vegetable farming is indicated as the cause of soil erosion and sediment increase in the Citarum River. The study aims to analyze the vegetable farming pattern and profit variability in the upper Citarum watershed. The survey was conducted in the Citarum watershed Bandung and West Bandung District. The samples were farmers in the two districts who performed on-farm agriculture activities and randomly selected 499 farm households. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics from 613 vegetable plots with 276 farm households out of 499 sample farm households. The Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) was employed to analyze vegetable farming profit distribution. The results show that vegetable farming has a high risk. Farmers can lose significant money but also offer a high expected profit. Vegetable farming in Bandung District has a higher expected profit than in West Bandung. According to dominant commodities planted, the profit variability of tomato and chili is higher than cabbage and potato. Chili has the highest risks; over 30% of farmers had negative profits. To stabilize farmers’ incomes, improving farming technology and planting patterns suitable for vegetable farming on the upper and steep slopes and increasing access to market outlets and agricultural infrastructure in the upper Citarum watershed is necessary.
The utilization of atonic growth regulatory substances and shallot extract on the growth of sago seeds (metroxylon sagu rottb.)
Authors: Ponto H , Rampisela D A , Musa Y
Published: September 2023

This study aims to determine and obtain recommendations for the treatment of growth regulators that are appropriate for the growth and development of sago seeds at the nursery stage. The research was conducted in Pengkajoang Village, West Malangke District, North Luwu Regency from May 2022 - July 2022. The sago seeds used in this study were non-thorny types of sago seeds. Parameters observed in this study include the percentage of live seedlings and petiole length. Data obtained from observations were analyzed using ANOVA. The results showed that the shallot extract treatment of 500 ml/Liter had a better average percentage of live seedlings and petiole length, namely 26.7% and 9.6 cm. Meanwhile, the combination treatment of shallot extract and atonic growth regulator 1000 ml/liter had the lowest average on the observed parameters.
Growth response of Meranti Liberoid coffee seedling to liquid organic fertilizer and dolomite application
Authors: Firdaus N K , Sobari I , Pranowo D , Sasmita K D , Wardiana E , Saefudin
Published: September 2023

Liberica coffee is a type of coffee that can grow in soils with low pH and low nutrients. One of the efforts to increase the strength of the coffee seedling is by improving the planting media, through organic fertilizers and ameliorants application. This study aimed to analyze the effect of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) and dolomite on the growth of Meranti Liberoid 2 (LIM 2) coffee seedlings. This research was conducted at the Pakuwon Experimental Station, Sukabumi, from April 2021 to January 2022. The research design used was a factorial 2 factor with 3 replications. The first factor was the LOF concentration (0, 5, and 10%), and the second was the dolomite dose (0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5; and 10 g seedling−1). The results showed that the highest seedling height, leaf, and root dry weight of LIM 2 coffee seedlings was achieved by dolomite treatment of 7.5 g seedling−1 without LOF. The use of LOF can be an alternative to the need for dolomite to increase the growth of LIM 2 coffee seedlings.
Comparation of two pruning methods toward arabica coffee seedling growth
Authors: Wisdawati E , Yusuf M , Tambaru E , Pasareang A
Published: September 2023

Coffee production success in Indonesia was strongly affected by culture technique, for instance, proper pruning. Pruning Arabica coffee seedling is one of techniques to boost productivity by cutting the plant shoots and stems. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of shoot pruning and 50% pruning on the growth of Arabica coffee seedlings. Data processing was carried out by statistical methods to compare or test the average data of two paired populations using the T test at a level of 0.05. Parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter and number of branches. The results of the arabica coffee seedling experiment with two treatments of pruning on the shoots pruning showed that the average plant height, number of leaves, and number of branches, was higher than pruning at the 50% pruning. Meanwhile, pruning 50% of stem diameter showed a higher average than pruning of shoots. It can be concluded that pruning of Arabica coffee seedlings, especially shoot pruning, has a better effect on the growth of arabica coffee seedlings.
Application of various concentration of liquid organic fertilizer on vegetative growth of cocoa
Authors: Rahmiana  , Basri B , Widyastuti H , Leli Isnaini J , Padidi N
Published: September 2023

Availability of sufficient nutrients will support uniform seedling growth. One way to improve seedling growth can be done by adding plant nutrients or nutrients through fertilization. The purpose of this study was to determine the vegetative growth of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) seedlings after application of various concentrations of Amal Bajang liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). This experiment was conducted from March to April 2022, in Pallantikang Village, Rumbia District, Jeneponto Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The experimental method used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 5 treatments (r), namely, (r0): control, r1: LOF 25 ml/l, r2: LOF 50 ml/l, r3: LOF 75 ml/l, and r4: LOF 100 ml/l. The results showed that the application of LOF Amal Bajang with different concentrations did not significantly affect the increase in height and diameter of the cacao stem, but had a significant effect on the increase in the number of cacao leaves.
Seedling production management of Shallots from seeds based on local wisdom technology
Authors: Pangestuti  , Prahardini P E R , Rosliani R , Rahayu M , Tandry O , Saidah  , Pramono J
Published: September 2023

True seed shallot (TSS) has become an alternative material for shallot seeds to fulfil the lack of good-quality seed bulbs. Transplanting was the most popular TSS planting method for farmers. This technic uses seedlings as planting material. The seedling production was the most crucial stage in transferring technology from vegetative propagation (seed bulb) to generative propagation (TSS). This paper reviews the advantages and disadvantages of several seedling techniques and the strategy for selecting techniques and maintaining seedlings that are suitable to the specific conditions at the seedling site using local wisdom technology. Data and information were tracked and selected then organized in review writing paper. Analysed and data synthesis showed that several techniques could be used to produce shallot seedlings, including technical seedling, use of seedling media, seed treatment and seedling harvest arrangements. The selection of seedling techniques and maintenance management is influenced by several factors, including environmental factors of cultivation, capital availability, labour and other site-specific conditions. Seedling production can be developed as a new unit system (seedling grower) to produce excellent quality propagation material. The implications of this paper are expected to be used by seedling growers to improve the best practice of seedling production with local wisdom technology.