bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How university students changed their habits and developed mental disorders in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in Japan: Three case reports
Authors: Nagaoka Maiko , Kubo Hiroe , Tashiro Kuniko , Kinoshita Maiko , Inoue Hiroko , Soejima Hirofumi , Fujise Noboru
Published: July 2022

Background

Since the COVID‐19 pandemic reached Japan in 2020, the country has faced an unprecedented increase in suicide rate and school refusal among adolescents, as well as increased rates of depression and anxiety among young people. However, the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on adolescents in terms of changes in habits, the development of mental disorders, social isolation, and suicidal ideation remain largely unclear.

Case Presentation

We examined three cases of university students who changed their habits during the COVID‐19 pandemic and developed mental disorders. All three cases had similar habitual changes, experienced loneliness, and developed depression and circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorder. Their habitual changes were delayed sleep and wake times, delayed first mealtime, a tendency to eat before sleeping, decreased social contact, increased digital media usage, and a tendency to use digital media before going to bed. We established a model of increasing mental health difficulties, school refusal, and suicidal ideation during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Conclusion

This report suggests possible approaches for preventing a decline in mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic among university students.
Transcriptome analysis of emamectin benzoate caused midgut damage by inducing oxidative stress, energy metabolism disorder and apoptosis in gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar)
Authors: Xu Zhe , Li Lu , Bai Jianyang , Zhang Yue , Min Mengru , Ma Wei , Ma Ling
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

Emamectin benzoate (EMB) is a semisynthetic bioinsecticide, which has been widely used in the control of forestry and agricultural pests. However, the mechanism of its toxic effects on the non‐neural tissues has been rarely reported. Here, we explored the mechanism of the midgut damage induced by EMB in gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) in order to better understand the toxicological mechanism of EMB.

RESULTS

Our results confirmed that EMB caused damage to the midgut of gypsy moth by inducing apoptosis. Transcriptome showed that 1469, 650 and 950 genes were significantly differentially expressed in the midgut of gypsy moth after 24, 48 and 72 h of EMB exposure, and oxidative stress, energy metabolism disorder and apoptosis may be related to the toxic effects of EMB. The indicators related to oxidative stress, energy metabolism and apoptosis were further examined. The results showed that EMB could cause oxidative stress by increasing ROS level and inhibiting antioxidant enzymes (P < 0.05), such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), which in turn causes mitochondria injury. Subsequently, energy metabolism was inhibited by downregulating the activities and mRNA level of energy metabolism enzymes. Furthermore, the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was activated, triggering apoptosis, and eventually causing midgut injury in gypsy moth.

CONCLUSION

Our results indicated that EMB caused damage to midgut by inducing oxidative stress, energy metabolism disorder and apoptosis in gypsy moth. Our findings shed new light on the toxicological mechanism of EMB on non‐neural tissues from oxidative stress, energy metabolism and apoptosis perspectives. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
MRI thigh measurements predict whole‐body skeletal muscle mass in patients with type 2 diabetes: a comparison with DXA
Authors: Brown Emily , Williams Andrew , Hakim Olah , Wilton Moon M. , Harrold Joanne A. , Hughes David , Kemp Graham J. , Wilding John P.H. , Goff Louise M. , Cuthbertson Daniel J.
Published: July 2022

Background

Sarcopenia is an age‐related loss of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and function, associated with falls, frailty, and functional decline. It is more prevalent and often accelerated in people with Type 2 diabetes (T2D), especially when co‐existing with obesity (sarcopenic obesity). Accurate whole‐body SMM measurement, feasible using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has utility both in clinical practice and in epidemiological and mechanistic research, considering the dual mechanical and metabolic function of skeletal muscle. Compared with MRI, DXA may underestimate age‐related muscle mass by up to 30%, and so direct comparison of DXA/MRI‐derived SMM measurements may be invalid in patients with obesity and T2D, who have potentially even more pronounced sarcopenia/sarcopenic obesity. We aimed to validate single‐slice or multiple‐slice measures of SMM, using MRI, with whole‐body SMM measures derived from DXA scans of appendicular lean soft tissue, specifically in patients with obesity and T2D.

Methods

We undertook a cross‐sectional study in which we performed paired DXA and whole‐body 3.0‐T MRI on 36 people with T2D and obesity (body mass index [BMI] > 30 kg/m2). Single‐slice and seven‐slice estimates of muscle mass, taken from mid‐thigh/thigh MRI images, respectively, were determined, and compared with whole‐body SMM derived from DXA scans of appendicular lean soft tissue, in men and women separately.

Results

Seventeen men (age 48.4 ± 8.2 years, BMI 37.5 ± 5.1 kg/m2, body fat 39.1 ± 6.0%) and 19 women (age 51.8 years ± 9.7, BMI 37.8 ± 5.8 kg/m2, body fat 47.6 ± 5.1%) were recruited. Whole‐body SMM estimated by seven‐slice thigh MRI correlated strongly with DXA‐derived SMM in both men (r = 0.94, P < 0.001) and women (r = 0.94, P < 0.001). Single‐slice thigh estimates of whole‐body SMM by MRI also showed strong relationships to DXA‐derived SMM in both men (r = 0.88, P < 0.001) and women (r = 0.87, P < 0.001). There was no evidence of a statistically significant difference when comparing the performance of using single‐slice vs. multiple‐slices to determine SMM (P = 0.10 for males and P = 0.13 for females).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that accurate determination of whole‐body SMM is possible using either single‐slice mid‐thigh or seven‐slice thigh MRI in men and women with obesity and T2D in whom there may be significant alterations in body composition. Its application may be of use clinically and in obesity‐related, metabolic, and gerontological research where accurate assessments of body composition add mechanistic insight.
Efficiency in design and production to achieve sustainable development challenges in the automobile industry: Modular electric vehicle platforms
Authors: Lampón Jesús F.
Published: July 2022

Electric vehicles have been based on a new product architecture: modular electric vehicle platforms (MEVPs). Through a case study, this paper uses efficiency and sustainability criteria to analyse this modular architecture as implemented by three automobile manufacturers in their European production networks. The results show that MEVPs have been adopted to achieve the efficiency of mass‐production electric vehicles in order to comply with regulatory environmental requirements. MEVPs are designed with structural compatible modules, an electric drive system architecture and modular batteries that can be adapted to each vehicle. These designs are focused on limiting energy consumption by reducing weight with the use of high‐performance materials or extra‐thin batteries. Some of these MEVPs use fewer components in their design to facilitate disassembly and recycling. This new modular architecture has been implemented through compatible, flexible production systems accompanied by different sustainable production initiatives. The production system has incorporated carbon‐neutral production processes or circular economy production models, which include remanufacturing and reuse. Networks resulting from these new MEVPs are geographically concentrated and are not conditioned by location factors. The roles of the plants have been mainly driven by economies of scale to achieve high‐performance specialised products and high volumes. These plants play a role as hubs for electric vehicle production in the manufacturers' European production networks.
A classification scheme to improve conclusion instability using Bellwether moving windows
Authors: Mensah Solomon , Kudjo Patrick Kwaku
Published: July 2022

Context

The use of a subset of recently completed and exemplary data, namely, Bellwether moving window (BMW) has proven successful to result in improved accuracy in software effort estimation (SEE). These outcomes were achieved based on the theory that estimation outcome of a future event depends on previous events. Thus, the existence of a BMW yield improved prediction accuracy for new project estimation. However, the conclusion instability problem across learners still threatens the reliability of SEE for new projects. Such instability concerns are attributed to the data subset considered for the training and validation needs of learners.

Objective

To investigate whether the use of BMWs together with an effort classification scheme can minimize the conclusion instability problem across learners.

Method

We apply a Bellwether method comprising of three operators, namely, SORT+CLUSTER, GENERATE_TPM, and APPLY to sample the BMW from a pool of chronological projects from the Maxwell and International Software Benchmarking Standards Group (ISBSG) datasets. The sampled BMW is benchmarked against the entire collection of preprocessed projects, namely, growing portfolio to evaluate prediction and classification accuracy across a set of learners–ElasticNet regression, deep neural networks, and automatically transformed linear model.

Results

(1) BMW exists in the studied projects and (2) training the learners with a BMW of average window size 28.5%–75.5% of the growing portfolio (not older than 3 years) relatively minimizes the conclusion instability of prediction results.

Conclusion

When BMWs are available, we recommend their use for estimating the effort for a new project to minimize the conclusion instability problem.
Effects of a phthalate metabolite mixture on both normal and tumoral human prostate cells
Authors: Cavalca Alexandre M. B. , Aquino Ariana M. , Mosele Francielle C. , Justulin Luis A. , Delella Flávia K. , Flaws Jodi A. , Scarano Wellerson R.
Published: July 2022

Phthalates represent a group of substances used in industry that have antiandrogenic activity and are found in different concentrations in human urine and plasma. More than 8 million tons of phthalates are used each year, predominantly as plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products. Phthalates are widely used in everyday consumer products and improperly discarded into the environment. Furthermore, in vivo studies carried out in our laboratory showed that a mixture of phthalates, equivalent to the mixture used in this study, deregulated the expression of genes and miRNAs associated with prostatic carcinogenic pathways. Thus, this study was designed to establish an in vitro model to assess pathways related to cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, and biosynthesis of miRNAs, using both normal and tumoral prostatic epithelial cells exposed to an environmentally relevant mixture of phthalate metabolites. Tumor (LNCaP) and normal (PNT‐2) prostatic epithelial cell lines were exposed for 24 and 72 h to vehicle control or the phthalate mixture. The selected metabolite mixture (1000 μmol/L) consisted of 36.7% monoethyl phthalate (MEP), 19.4% mono(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), 15.3% monobutyl phthalate (MBP), 10.2% monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP), 10.2% monoisononyl phthalate (MiNP), and 8.2% monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP). Gene expression was performed by qRT‐PCR and cell migratory potential was measured using cell migration assays. Our results showed that the mixture of phthalates increased cell turnover, oxidative stress, biosynthesis, and expression of miRNAs in LNCaP cells; thus, increasing their cellular expansive and migratory potential and modulating tumor behavior, making them possibly more aggressive. However, these effects were less pronounced in benign cells, demonstrating that, in the short term, benign cells are able to develop effective mechanisms or more resistance against the insult.
Jeong and the Interrelationality of Self and Other in Korean Buddhist Cinema
Authors: Suh Sharon A.
Published: July 2022

This chapter discusses the role of jeong in Korean Buddhist films that explore the Mahayana premise that ultimate freedom is not to be found in an escape from the world of suffering, but rather in its compassionate embrace. Focusing on Im Kwon-taek’s film AjeAje Bara Aje, this chapter suggests that the jeong fused spiritual kinship between a Buddhist disciple and her superior facilitates the former’s recognition and embrace of the abject as none other than the self. This chapter views jeong as an ethical response to the other that finds resonance with Buddhist concepts of emptiness and interdependence.
Dasan Jeong Yagyong on Emotions and the Pursuit of Sagehood
Authors: Baker Don
Published: July 2022

Dasan Jeong Yagyong (1762–1836) spent much of his life trying to understand the role emotions play in stimulating both moral and immoral behavior. He did not limit his investigation of moral psychology to the standard list of Seven Emotions but also looked at such emotions as resentment and apprehension. He concluded that in order to ensure our emotions direct us to act appropriately, we need to cultivate an attitude of caution and apprehension. Grounded in such an attitude, our heart-mind will control and integrate the inclinations (which he believes constitute human nature) and emotions which inspire us to act selflessly.
Korean Social Emotions: Han (한 恨), Heung (흥 興), and Jeong (정 情)
Authors: Park Iljoon
Published: July 2022

This chapter deals with Korean social emotions in terms of the coupling structure of han (恨) and heung (興), and of jeong (情) and non-attachment (無心). This dynamic coupling is called poong-ryu (風流), in which people exchange their emotions and feelings so that people and things correspond to each other. The Dao of poong-ryu lies in “making-friends-and-living-together” beyond the differences of doctrines or teachings. This chapter argues that Korean emotional culture of poong-ryu can have healing effects upon the self by the natural self-so-ing (自然) in this digitally connected and socially distanced world under the pandemic.
Nachhaltige Vergütung der B‑Zentren für Seltene Erkrankungen in Deutschland – Status quo und Lösungsansätze
Authors: Litzkendorf Svenja , Eidt-Koch Daniela , Zeidler Jan , Graf von der Schulenburg Johann-Matthias
Published: July 2022

Hintergrund

Um eine spezialisierte Versorgung von Menschen mit seltenen Erkrankungen (sE) zu gewährleisten, wurden zahlreiche Zentren für Seltene Erkrankungen (ZSE) gegründet. Für die ambulante Behandlung von Betroffenen in Krankenhäusern steht dabei eine Vielzahl von Versorgungs- und Vergütungsformen zur Verfügung. Studien zu einzelnen sE ergaben bereits Hinweise auf Defizite in Bezug auf eine kostendeckende Vergütung der ZSE.

Ziel der Arbeit

Untersuchung der aktuellen Versorgungs- und Vergütungsstrukturen in den ZSE und die Entwicklung von Ansätzen für zukünftige nachhaltige Vergütungsstrukturen.

Material und Methoden

Mittels Fragebogenerhebung wurden zunächst ZSE in Deutschland zu ihrer Versorgungs- und Vergütungsform befragt. Im Rahmen zweier Fokusgruppen- und eines Experteninterviews mit Vertreter:innen der ZSE, der Kostenträger, der Gesundheitspolitik sowie Patient:innen wurden im Anschluss die aktuellen Versorgungs- und Vergütungsformen, Möglichkeiten der zukünftigen Gestaltung der Versorgung von Menschen mit sE sowie Ansätze für eine leistungsorientierte Vergütung diskutiert. Das Material wurde inhaltsanalytisch nach Kuckartz ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

39 Zentren beteiligten sich an der Fragebogenerhebung. 38 % dieser Zentren werden über eine Pauschale für Hochschulambulanzen (HSA) vergütet, deren Höhe stark variiert. 41 % weisen eine Mischvergütung aus HSA-Pauschale und weiteren Vergütungsformen auf. In den Interviews wurde eine Unterdeckung der Kosten in den ZSE mit Auswirkungen auf die Patientenversorgung benannt und zur Sicherstellung einer nachhaltigen Versorgung Handlungsbedarf zur Weiterentwicklung der Vergütungsstrukturen festgestellt. Eine „Sonderpauschale für sE“, die den besonderen zeitlichen Bedarf in der Versorgung von Menschen mit sE abbildet, wurde als möglicher nachhaltiger Vergütungsansatz präferiert.
No difference between mobile and fixed bearing in primary total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis
Authors: Migliorini Filippo , Maffulli Nicola , Cuozzo Francesco , Pilone Marco , Elsner Karen , Eschweiler Jörg
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Both mobile (MB) and fixed (FB) bearing implants are routinely used for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This meta-analysis compared MB versus FB for TKA in terms of implant positioning, joint function, patient reported outcome measures (PROMs), and complications. It was hypothesised that MB performs better than FB implants in primary TKA.

Methods

This meta-analysis was conducted according to the 2020 PRISMA statement. In February 2022, the following databases were accessed: Pubmed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Embase. All the randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing mobile versus fixed bearing for primary TKA were considered.

Results

Data from 74 RCTs (11,116 procedures) were retrieved. The mean follow-up was 58.8 (7.5 to 315.6) months. The MB group demonstrated greater range of motion (ROM) (P = 0.02), Knee Society Score (KSS) score (P < 0.0001), and rate of deep infections (P = 0.02). No difference was found in implant positioning: tibial slope, delta angle, alpha femoral component angle, gamma femoral component angle, beta tibial component angle, tibiofemoral alignment angle, posterior condylar offset, radiolucent lines. No difference was found in duration of the surgical procedure. No difference was found in the following PROMs: Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), visual analogue scale (VAS), function and pain subscales of the KSS score. No difference was found in the rate of anterior knee pain, revision, aseptic loosening, fractures, and deep vein thrombosis.

Conclusion

There is no evidence in support that MB implants promote greater outcomes compared to FB implants in primary TKA.

Level of evidence

Level I.
Phytohormones in Sweet Cherry Buds During Winter Rest and Bud Development
Authors: Götz Klaus-Peter , Chmielewski Frank-M. , Tarkowská Danuše , Pěnčík Aleš , Novák Ondřej
Published: July 2022

This (two-season) study was undertaken to assess the involvement of gibberellins (GAs), cytokinins (CKs), and auxins (AX) in dormancy of the sweet cherry buds ‘Summit’. Our hypothesis consisted in the assumption that representatives of these hormone groups are able to mark the transition between different dormancy phases. Changes in the transition between endo- and ecodormancy and the stages of ontogenetic development were not recognizable by bioactive GA1, GA5, GA7. The transient increase of GA3 during ecodormancy might be interpreted as an indication of the preservation of ecodormancy. The content of the biological active bases tZ, cZ, and DHZ was equal between endo- and ecodormancy. However, the content increased significantly in the first phase of ontogenetic development. The summation of the representatives of the various CKs (total iP-type, total tZ-type, total CK bases, total CK ribosides, total CK nucleotides, total O-glucosides, total N-glucosides, and total CKs) showed no differences regarding their levels during endo- and ecodormancy. These values increased markedly in the subsequent phase. AX increased after ecodormancy. By contrast, from side green until open cluster no differences occurred. As shown for AX, the content of oxIAA increased after ecodormancy. The content of IAAsp was low during endodormancy and increased transiently during ecodormancy and early ontogenetic development. This study revealed that no changes in the content of different bioactive GAs (exception GA3), CKs, and AX occurred during winter rest, and more precisely, during endo- and ecodormancy. These metabolites, therefore, are not suitable to differentiate between these dormancy phases. The ontogenesis is accompanied by specific changes in the content of bioactive molecules, precursors, and conjugation products.
Principles of enhanced recovery in gastrointestinal surgery
Authors: Roulin Didier , Demartines Nicolas
Published: July 2022

Background

To reduce the impact of surgery-related stress, enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways have been developed since over 15 years with subsequent improved postoperative outcome. This multimodal and evidence-based perioperative approach has spread to all fields of gastrointestinal surgery, from esophagus, stomach, duodenum and pancreas, liver, small intestine and colon, and rectum, as well as for other specialties like vascular and cardia surgeries or neurosurgery, among others.

Purpose

The aim of this state-of-the-art article is to assess current state of evidence on perioperative management specifically in gastrointestinal surgery, with a focus on surgery-related aspects, outcome benefit, and future directions.

Conclusion

The surgical team must promote continuous improvement of the patient’s ERAS compliance to ensure optimal perioperative care. Everyday clinical practice should be performed according to latest evidence-based medicine and challenging surgical dogma. Moreover, the surgeon must lead and support a multidisciplinary and collaborative teamwork tailored to patient’s need especially with anesthetists and nursing staff.
Comparative effectiveness and safety of glargine 300 U/mL versus degludec 100 U/mL in insulin-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes. A multicenter retrospective real-world study (RESTORE-2 NAIVE STUDY)
Authors: Fadini Gian Paolo , Buzzetti Raffaella , Nicolucci Antonio , Larosa Monica , Rossi Maria Chiara , Cucinotta Domenico ,   On behalf of the RESTORE-2 Study Group, Enrico Gabellieri , Alberto Marangoni , Uberto Pagotto , Claudio Bongiorno , Concetta Gatta , Andrea Del Buono , Olga Lamacchia , Pasquale Maiellaro , Daniela Antenucci , Gabriele Brandoni , Francesca Borroni , Giovanna Gregori , Antonino Di Benedetto , Giuseppe Placentino , Franco Cavalot , Cristina Barale , Paolo Fadini Gian , Paola Del Sindaco , Chiara Di Loreto , Roberto Anichini , Giuseppe Citro , Paola D’Angelo , Silvia Carletti , Raffaella Buzzetti , Sara Sterpetti , Mignogna Carmen , Paolo Elli
Published: July 2022

Aims

This study assessed comparative effectiveness of glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) versus degludec 100 U/mL (Deg-100) in insulin-naïve patients with T2D.

Methods

This is a retrospective, multicenter, non-inferiority study based on electronic medical records. All patients initiating Gla-300 or Deg-100 were 1:1 propensity score-matched (PSM). Linear mixed models were used to assess the changes in continuous endpoints. Incidence rates (IR) of hypoglycemia were compared using Poisson’s regression models.

Results

Nineteen centers provided data on 357 patients in each PSM cohort. HbA1c after 6 months (primary endpoint) decreased by − 1.70% (95%CI − 1.90; − 1.50) in Gla-300 group and − 169% (95%CI − 1.89; − 1.49) in Deg-100 group, confirming non-inferiority of Gla-300 versus Deg-100. Fasting blood glucose (BG) decreased by ~60 mg/dl in both groups; body weight remained unchanged. In both groups, the mean starting dose was 12U (0.15U/kg) and it was slightly titrated to 16U (0.20U/kg). IR (episodes per patient-months) of BG ≤70 mg/dl was 0.13 in Gla-300 group and 0.14 in Deg-100 group (p=0.87). IR of BG <54 mg/dL was 0.02 in both groups (p=0.49). No severe hypoglycemia occurred.

Conclusion

Initiating Gla-300 or Deg-100 was associated with similar improvements in glycemic control, no weight gain and low hypoglycemia rates, without severe episodes during 6 months of treatment.
Serial visual reversal learning in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina)
Authors: Erdsack Nicola , Dehnhardt Guido , Hanke Frederike D.
Published: July 2022

Progressively improving performance in a serial reversal learning (SRL) test has been associated with higher cognitive abilities and has served as a measure for cognitive/behavioral flexibility. Although the cognitive and sensory abilities of marine mammals have been subject of extensive investigation, and numerous vertebrate and invertebrate species were tested, SRL studies in aquatic mammals are sparse. Particularly in pinnipeds, a high degree of behavioral flexibility seems probable as they face a highly variable environment in air and underwater. Thus, we tested four harbor seals in a visual two-alternative forced-choice discrimination task and its subsequent reversals. We found significant individual differences in performance. One individual was able to solve 37 reversals showing progressive improvement of performance with a minimum of 6 errors in reversal 33. Two seals mastered two reversals, while one animal had difficulties in learning the discrimination task and failed to complete a single reversal. In conclusion, harbor seals can master an SRL experiment; however, the performance is inferior to results obtained in other vertebrates in comparable tasks. Future experiments will need to assess whether factors such as the modality addressed in the experiment have an influence on reversal learning performance or whether indeed, during evolution, behavioral flexibility has not specifically been favored in harbor seals.
Non-invasive predictors of axillary lymph node burden in breast cancer: a single-institution retrospective analysis
Authors: Ngai Victoria , Tai Justina Cheh Juan , Taj Saima , Khanfar Heba , Sfakianakis Elefterios , Bakalis Athanasios , Baker Rose , Ahmed Muneer
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Axillary staging is an important prognostic factor in breast cancer. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) is currently used to stage patients who are clinically and radiologically node-negative. Since the establishment that axillary node clearance (ANC) does not improve overall survival in breast-conserving surgery for patients with low-risk biological cancers, axillary management has become increasingly conservative. This study aims to identify and assess the clinical predictive value of variables that could play a role in the quantification of axillary burden, including the accuracy of quantifying abnormal axillary nodes on ultrasound.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted of hospital data for female breast cancer patients receiving an ANC at our centre between January 2018 and January 2020. The reference standard for axillary burden was surgical histology following SNB and ANC, allowing categorisation of the patients under ‘low axillary burden’ (2 or fewer pathological macrometastases) or ‘high axillary burden’ (> 2). After exploratory univariate analysis, multivariate logistic regression was conducted to determine relationships between the outcome category and candidate predictor variables: patient age at diagnosis, tumour focality, tumour size on ultrasound and number of abnormal lymph nodes on axillary ultrasound.

Results

One hundred and thirty-five patients were included in the analysis. Logistic regression showed that the number of abnormal lymph nodes on axillary ultrasound was the strongest predictor of axillary burden and statistically significant (P = 0.044), with a sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 86.8% (P = 0.011).

Conclusion

Identifying the number of abnormal lymph nodes on preoperative ultrasound can help to quantify axillary nodal burden and identify patients with high axillary burden, and should be documented as standard in axillary ultrasound reports of patients with breast cancer.
Parametric excitation suppression in a floating cylinder via dynamic vibration absorbers: a comparative analysis
Authors: Davidson Josh , Kalmár-Nagy Tamás , Habib Giuseppe
Published: July 2022

Parametric excitation in the pitch/roll degrees of freedom (DoFs) can induce dynamic instability in floating cylinder-type structures such as spar buoys, floating offshore wind or wave energy converters. At certain frequency and amplitude ranges of the input waves, parametric coupling between the heave and pitch/roll DoFs results in undesirable large amplitude rotational motion. One possible remedy to mitigate the existence of parametric resonance is the use of dynamic vibration absorbers. Two prominent types of dynamic vibration absorbers are tuned mass dampers (TMDs) and nonlinear energy sinks (NESs), which have contrasting properties with regard to their amplitude and frequency dependencies when absorbing kinetic energy from oscillating bodies. This paper investigates the suppression of parametric resonance in floating bodies utilizing dynamic vibration absorbers, comparing the performance of TMDs against NESs for a test case considering a floating vertical cylinder. In addition to the type of dynamic vibration absorber utilized, the paper also examines the DoF which it acts on, comparing the benefits between attaching the vibration absorber to the primary (heave) DoF or the secondary (pitch) DoF. The results show that the TMD outperforms the NES and that it is more effective to attach the vibration absorber to the heave DoF when eliminating parametric resonance in the pitch DoF.
Research performance of academic psychologists in the United Kingdom
Authors: Lai Katerina Anne , Saxena Gaurav , Allen Peter J.
Published: July 2022

Research performance metrics inform decision making across the higher education sector. In this study we calculated up-to-date lifetime bibliometric research performance norms for academic psychologists in the UK, stratified by academic level and university mission group. Our performance metrics were publications, citations, h-index scores, first-author publications and average SJRs (SCImago Journal Ranks) for published in journals. These metrics were extracted from Scopus for a representative sample of 1339 academic psychologists employed at UK universities offering BPS (British Psychological Society) accredited undergraduate courses. We found that lifetime performance increased with seniority, though not in the predictable manner observed overseas. Academic psychologists in the Russell Group outperformed those outside of the Russell Group on all metrics, but these differences were largely due to the very strong research performance of the Russell Group professoriate, and could not be accounted for by the tendency for Russell Group academics to have been research active for a longer period of time than their equivalents outside the group. Overall, the research performance of UK academic psychologists was comparable to that of their Australian equivalents. Our research performance norms will be useful for benchmarking at the individual, departmental and institutional levels. However, they must be interpreted in context and considered alongside other indicators of scholarly productivity and performance.
A Brief Review of Capillary Number and its Use in Capillary Desaturation Curves
Authors: Guo Hu , Song Kaoping , Hilfer R.
Published: July 2022

Capillary number, understood as the ratio of viscous force to capillary force, is one of the most important parameters in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). It continues to attract the interest of scientists and engineers, because the nature and quantification of macroscopic capillary forces remain controversial. At least 41 different capillary numbers have been collected here from the literature. The ratio of viscous and capillary force enters crucially into capillary desaturation experiments. Although the ratio is length scale dependent, not all definitions of capillary number depend on length scale, indicating potential inconsistencies between various applications and publications. Recently, new numbers have appeared and the subject continues to be actively discussed. Therefore, a short review seems appropriate and pertinent.
Factors of customers’ channel choice in an omnichannel environment: a systematic literature review
Authors: Wolf Lukas , Steul-Fischer Martina
Published: July 2022

The proliferation of mobile devices and the continuous development of online technologies has led to an increasing variety of channels, leaving customers with a choice of channel alongside the choice of product, service, or retailer. Any attempt to optimize customer experience and engage in successful omnichannel management will require a complete, multifaceted understanding of the processes around channel choice of customers. To date, the many existing studies around multi- and omnichannel research have failed to yield an integrated, comprehensive synthesis of factors involved in customers´ channel choice. Our study conducted a systematic literature review to the end of identifying the factors involved in channel choice which appear in the scientific literature on this topic over the last two decades. We retrieved 128 papers from three bibliographic databases (EBSCO Host, Scopus, and Web of Science) and carried out descriptive analysis on them. Qualitative thematic analysis inductively extracted 66 different factors of channel choice, each assignable to five broader categories, from the studies included in the review. The findings indicate that perceived channel characteristics, customer needs and situational or contextual factors influence customers´ channel choice directly, and customer characteristics and characteristics of products or services influence it indirectly. Alongside its presentation of an integrated conceptual framework comprising these relationships, our study details a comprehensive research agenda with regards to theories, contexts, and methods and, in particular, with regards to factors influencing customers´ channel choice. Our findings advance the academic understanding of channel choice behavior and provide researchers and practitioners in this area with information on important implications for omnichannel management.
Lost in translation: IT business value research and resource complementarity—an integrative framework, shortcomings and future research directions
Authors: Schweikl Stefan , Obermaier Robert
Published: July 2022

Despite longstanding research efforts, there is still ambiguity surrounding the business value created by IT. To approach this conundrum, research focus has progressed from an isolated investigation of IT to the assessment of complementarity between IT and different non-IT resources such as work practices or decision structures. However, incoherence around the characteristics and scope of these complementary non-IT resources has created a fragmented body of research, preventing a sustainable knowledge creation. Thus, in this paper we synthesize the dispersed research efforts, identify shortcomings in the extant literature, and derive opportunities for future research. Specifically, we present a converging definition of complementary non-IT resources and specify their role in the value creation process from IT by viewing it through three distinct lenses: microeconomic theory, resource-based view, and contingency theory. We structure current research efforts by organizing complementary non-IT resources into distinct categories, namely strategy, structure, practices, processes, and culture (organizational resources), top management support, internal relations, and external relations (relational resources), worker skill (non-IT human resources), non-IT physical resources, as well as internal funds and external funds (financial resources). Finally, we highlight five important shortcomings in the current literature, such as the predominant use of reductionist approaches or monolithic IT measures, and make actionable recommendations to resolve them.
Thermal sensitivity of Xenorhabdus bovienii (Enterobacterales: Morganellaceae) isolated from Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) originating from different habitats
Authors: Mackiewicz Jaśmina Patrycja , Kramarz Paulina Ewa , Rożen Anna
Published: July 2022

The soil-dwelling nematode Steinernema feltiae is found across a wide range of environmental conditions. We asked if its only bacterial symbiont, Xenorhabdus bovienii, shows intraspecific variability in its thermal range, which may affect effectiveness of S. feltiae against host insects. We isolated X. bovienii from S. feltiae from six different natural locations with different mean annual temperatures and two laboratory cultures. We estimated X. bovienii thermal range and determined the specific growth rate based on optical density measurements and mathematical modeling using the Ratkowsky model. The minimal temperature (Tmin) of X. bovienii growth ranged from 0.9 ± 2.2 °C to 7.1 ± 1.4 °C. The optimal temperature (Topt) varied between 25.1 ± 0.2 °C and 30.5 ± 0.2 °C. The model showed that X. bovienii stops multiplying at around 36 °C. The calculated specific X. bovienii growth rate ranged from 2.0 ± 0.3 [h−1] to 3.6 ± 0.5 [h−1]. No differences in Tmin, Topt, and Tmax between the isolated bacteria were found. Additionally, X. bovieniiTopt did not correlate with the mean annual temperature of S. feltiae origin. However, the obtained growth curves suggested that the analyzed X. bovienii may show some variability when comparing the growth curves characteristics.
Neue Operationszugänge – Entwicklung und Anwendung der transoralen endoskopischen Schilddrüsenchirurgie (TOETVA)
Authors: Arikan Melisa , Scheuba Christian , Riss Philipp
Published: July 2022

Der konventionelle Kocher-Kragenschnitt in der Schilddrüsenchirurgie konnte in den letzten 15 Jahren so weit modifiziert werden, dass von einer minimal-invasiven offenen Chirurgie mit einer Operationsnarbe von 3–5 cm gesprochen werden kann. Dennoch besteht großes Interesse an einer Operationstechnik, bei welcher es zu keinen Narben im sichtbaren Bereich kommt. Die transoral-endoskopische Schilddrüsenchirurgie über den vestibulären Zugang (TOETVA) stellt ein solches Operationsverfahren dar, welches nach jahrelanger Erforschung alternativer Zugänge zur Entfernung der Schilddrüse und der Nebenschilddrüsen letztendlich 2015 im asiatischen Raum, in Thailand, etabliert werden konnte und vielversprechende Ergebnisse lieferte. Somit wird auch im europäischen Raum immer häufiger zu dieser Operationsmethode gegriffen. Zur Bergung größerer Präparate im Rahmen der endoskopischen Schilddrüsenchirurgie kann der transorale mit einem retroaurikulären Zugang kombiniert werden und umfasst somit ein größeres Indikationsspektrum. Nach Anlegen des transoralen Zugangs gestalten sich die restlichen Schritte der transoral-endoskopischen Thyreoidektomie ähnlich denen des offenen Eingriffs. Abgesehen von den auch in der offenen Schilddrüsenchirurgie bekannten Komplikationen, der Recurrensparese und dem Hypoparathyreoidismus, stellen die häufigsten postoperativen Komplikationen periorale, mandibuläre oder zervikale Dys- und Hypästhesien, Hämatome und Störungen des Nervus mentalis dar.
Choice Rules Can Affect the Informativeness of Model Comparisons
Authors: Zilker Veronika
Published: July 2022

In cognitive modeling, it is often necessary to complement a core model with a choice rule to derive testable predictions about choice behavior. Researchers can typically choose from a variety of choice rules for a single core model. This article demonstrates that seemingly subtle differences in choice rules’ assumptions about how choice consistency relates to underlying preferences can affect the distinguishability of competing models’ predictions and, as a consequence, the informativeness of model comparisons. This is demonstrated in a series of simulations and model comparisons between two prominent core models of decision making under risk: expected utility theory and cumulative prospect theory. The results show that, all else being equal, and relative to choice rules that assume a constant level of consistency (trembling hand or deterministic), using choice rules that assume that choice consistency depends on strength of preference (logit or probit) to derive predictions can substantially increase the informativeness of model comparisons (measured using Bayes factors). This is because choice rules such as logit and probit make it possible to derive predictions that are more readily distinguishable. Overall, the findings reveal that although they are often regarded as auxiliary assumptions, choice rules can play a crucial role in model comparisons. More generally, the analyses highlight the importance of testing the robustness of inferences in cognitive modeling with respect to seemingly secondary assumptions and show how this can be achieved.
A critical review on the biological impact of natural organic matter on nanomaterials in the aquatic environment
Authors: Wang Xiangrui , Liang Dingyuan , Wang Ying , Peijnenburg Willie J. G. M. , Monikh Fazel Abdolahpur , Zhao Xiaoli , Dong Zhaomin , Fan Wenhong
Published: July 2022

Nanomaterials (NMs) are able to interact with natural organic matter (NOM) such that NOM is adsorbed on the surface of NMs to form an ecological corona (eco-corona). The formation of an eco-corona can greatly influence the behavior, risk and fate of NMs in the environment. A systematic understanding of the impacts of an eco-corona on the hazards of NMs is crucial for NMs risk assessment in the aquatic environment. Herein, the mechanisms of the formation of an eco-corona were reviewed based on the representative literatures and their generality was discussed on the basis of the type of NMs, the type of NOM and the environmental conditions. The effects of an eco-corona on the bioaccumulation and toxicity of NMs for aquatic organisms were systematically discussed through reported studies. The results showed that an eco-corona could alter the toxicity of NMs by changing the dissolution of NMs, adhesion of NMs and the damages to bio-membranes, internalization, and the generation of NMs-induced reactive oxygen species. The dual effects of an eco-corona on the toxicity/accumulation of NMs were widely present because of the complex molecular composition of NOM, the diverse types of NMs, and the variable environmental conditions. The effects of an eco-corona on the fate and the effects of other pollutants (such as metals and organic pollutants) were also carefully reviewed. The results showed that more research is needed to investigate the effect of an eco-corona through the development of novel techniques, mathematical modeling, and mesocosm studies.

Graphical Abstract
Normative Reasons
Authors: Logins Artūrs
Published: July 2022

Reasons matter greatly to us in both ordinary and theoretical contexts, being connected to two fundamental normative concerns: figuring out what we should do and what attitudes to have, and understanding the duties and responsibilities that apply to us. This book introduces and critiques most of the contemporary theories of normative reasons considerations that speak in favor of an action, belief, or emotion - to explore how they work. Artūrs Logins develops and defends a new theory: the Erotetic view of reasons, according to which normative reasons are appropriate answers to normative why questions (Why should I do this?). This theory draws on evidence of how why-questions work in informal logic, language and philosophy of science. The resulting view is able to avoid the problems of previous accounts, while retaining all of their attractive features, and it also suggests exciting directions for future research. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Investment Law's Alibis
Authors: Schneiderman David
Published: July 2022

This book aims to connect narratives associated with the past to the international regime that protects property and contract rights of foreign investors. The book scrutinizes justifications offered to sustain practices associated with colonialism, imperialism, civilized justice, debt, and development, revealing that a number of the rationales offered in support of investment law disciplines replicate those arising out of this discredited past. By revealing these linkages, the book raises concerns about investment law's premises. It would appear that the normative foundations for today's regime reproduces discursive practices that are less than compelling. The book argues that citizens deserve something more than historically discredited reasons to justify the exercise of power over them – something more than mere pretext.
Development Disrupted
Authors: Gordon Ruth Elizabeth
Published: July 2022

Although the impact of rapid technological change is often discussed in relation to the Global North, this book explores its effects on the development of the Global South. By tracing the discourse and practice of international development in the twentieth century, Ruth E. Gordon offers necessary context to current changes in the global hierarchy. The book explores the situation of the Global South within the international legal, political, and economic order, how current development discourse and practice engages modernization efforts, and how technology can bring about significant economic and societal change for middle and low-income nations. It offers a balanced account of the positive and negative impacts of technological change on the Global South, from mobile phones allowing access to knowledge to robotics reducing employment opportunities. This book demonstrates that, for the Global South, technology is making more things both conceivable and achievable.
The Age of the Gas Mask
Authors: Grayzel Susan R.
Published: July 2022

The First World War introduced the widespread use of lethal chemical weapons. In its aftermath, the British government, like that of many states, had to prepare civilians to confront such weapons in a future war. Over the course of the interwar period, it developed individual anti-gas protection as a cornerstone of civil defence. Susan R. Grayzel traces the fascinating history of one object – the civilian gas mask – through the years 1915–1945 and, in so doing, reveals the reach of modern, total war and the limits of the state trying to safeguard civilian life in an extensive empire. Drawing on records from Britain's Colonial, Foreign, War and Home Offices and other archives alongside newspapers, journals, personal accounts and cultural sources, she connects the histories of the First and Second World Wars, combatants and civilians, men and women, metropole and colony, illuminating how new technologies of warfare shaped culture, politics, and society.
Why Boredom Matters
Authors: Gary Kevin Hood
Published: July 2022

Boredom is an enduring problem. In response, schools often do one or both of the following: first, they endorse what novelist Walker Percy describes as a 'boredom avoidance scheme,' adopting new initiative after new initiative in the hope that boredom can be outrun altogether, or second, they compel students to accept boring situations as an inevitable part of life. Both strategies avoid serious reflection on this universal and troubling state of mind. In this book, Gary argues that schools should educate students on how to engage with boredom productively. Rather than being conditioned to avoid or blame boredom on something or someone else, students need to be given tools for dealing with their boredom. These tools provide them with internal resources that equip them to find worthwhile activities and practices to transform boredom into a more productive state of mind. This book addresses the ways students might gain these skills.