bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute myocardial infarction: Development and application of an ICD-10-CM-based algorithm to a large U.S. healthcare claims-based database
Authors: Saunders-Hastings Patrick , Heong Sze Wing , Srichaikul Jenny , Wong Hui-Lee , Shoaibi Azadeh , Chada Kinnera , Burrell Timothy A. , Dores Graça M.
Published: July 2021

Background

Healthcare administrative claims data hold value for monitoring drug safety and assessing drug effectiveness. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration Biologics Effectiveness and Safety Initiative (BEST) is expanding its analytical capacity by developing claims-based definitions—referred to as algorithms—for populations and outcomes of interest. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was of interest due to its potential association with select biologics and the lack of an externally validated International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) algorithm.

Objective

Develop and apply an ICD-10-CM-based algorithm in a U.S. administrative claims database to identify and characterize AMI populations.

Methods

A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify validated AMI algorithms. Building on prior published methodology and consistent application of ICD-9-CM codes, an ICD-10-CM algorithm was developed via forward-backward mapping using General Equivalence Mappings and refined with clinical input. An AMI population was then identified in the IBM® MarketScan® Research Databases and characterized using descriptive statistics.

Results and discussion

Between 2014–2017, 2.83–3.16 individuals/1,000 enrollees/year received ≥1 AMI diagnosis in any healthcare setting. The 2015 transition to ICD-10-CM did not result in a substantial change in the proportion of patients identified. Average patient age at first AMI diagnosis was 64.9 years, and 61.4% of individuals were male. Unspecified chest pain, hypertension, and coronary atherosclerosis of native coronary vessel/artery were most commonly reported within one day of AMI diagnosis. Electrocardiograms were the most common medical procedure and beta-blockers were the most commonly ordered cardiac medication in the one day before to 14 days following AMI diagnosis. The mean length of inpatient stay was 5.6 days (median 3 days; standard deviation 7.9 days). Findings from this ICD-10-CM-based AMI study were internally consistent with ICD-9-CM-based findings and externally consistent with ICD-9-CM-based studies, suggesting that this algorithm is ready for validation in future studies.
Information and communication technology literacy, knowledge and readiness for electronic medical record system adoption among health professionals in a tertiary hospital, Myanmar: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Oo Hlaing Min , Htun Ye Minn , Win Tun Tun , Han Zaw Myo , Zaw Thein , Tun Kyaw Myo
Published: July 2021

Some developing countries are currently introducing and implementing an electronic medical record system (EMRs) for improvement in healthcare delivery services. Availability of information and communication technology (ICT), technical skillful staff, and strong resistance to change by the health professionals impacted the successful adoption of EMRs. This study aimed to assess the ICT literacy, knowledge, and readiness for EMRs adoption among health professionals in a tertiary hospital, Myanmar. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 118 health professionals involving in a tertiary hospital at Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar from February to April 2020 using a stratified sampling method. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a pretested structured questionnaire after getting informed consent. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 23.0. Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and logistic regression analysis were performed to assess the associated factors of ICT literacy, knowledge, and overall readiness for EMRs adoption. The prevalence of high ICT literacy and knowledge on EMRs among health professionals were 20.3% and 24.6% respectively. The factors associated with ICT literacy were professional, education, duration of service, and reported English language skills. Duration of service was associated with knowledge on EMRs. The overall readiness was 54.2% (core readiness 59.3% and engagement readiness 61.9%), and postgraduate [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 7.32, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.26–23.68] and knowledge on EMRs (AOR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.13–1.43) were the factors associated with overall readiness for EMRs adoption. Expanding infrastructure and provision of ICT development training are crucial for the improvement of ICT literacy. EMRs training program enabling hands-on experience should be implemented for improvement of knowledge on EMRs. In general, the overall readiness for EMRs adoption was found to be moderate. Enhancing the establishment of comprehensive on-the-job training and contextualization of curriculum in EMRs training program are recommended to improve the health professionals’ readiness for EMRs adoption.
Levels of hepatitis B antibody titers are affected by age and doses gap time in children from a high endemic area of the western Amazon
Authors: Gomes Laura Cordeiro , Sanson Marina Cordeiro Gomes , Brainin Philip , de Melo Maria da Conceição Vieira , de Souza Rodrigo Medeiros , Mazaro Janaína , Lima Karine Oliveira , Resende Júnia Silva , Vieira Isabelle Victória Martins , Mesquita Edinilson da Silva , Matos Luan Oliveira , Dutra Isabelle Caroline Silva , Palmisano Giuseppe , Wrenger Carsten , Marinho Claudio Romero Farias , da Silva Rita do Socorro Uchôa
Published: July 2021

Background

Despite completion of the vaccine schedule for hepatitis B virus (HBV), children may display levels of HBV surface antibodies (anti-HBs) that are considered inadequate for sufficient protection (<10 IU/L).

Aims

Our aim was to investigate if age and gap time between HBV vaccine doses may negatively affect the levels of anti-HBs in children, and if these relationships are modified by sex.

Methods

In a high-endemic HBV region of the western Brazilian Amazon we enrolled children who had completed the HBV vaccine schedule. All children underwent analysis of anti-HBs and a clinical examination.

Results

We included 522 children (mean age 4.3 ± 0.8 years; 50% male). Median anti-HBs was 28.4 [interquartile range (IQR) 5.4 to 128.6] IU/L and 32% had anti-HBs <10 IU/L. The median gap time from last to preceding dose was 2.4 [IQR 2.1 to 3.3] months. Levels of anti-HBs decreased with higher age (-42% per year increase [95%CI -56% to -24%], p<0.001), but not with longer gap time (+23% per month increase [95%CI -16% to +62%], p = 0.249). After adjusting for relevant confounders, gap time became significant (p = 0.032) and age remained a significant predictor of anti-HBs (p<0.001).

Conclusion

One third of assessed children displayed anti-HBs <10 IU/L. Levels of anti-HBs decreased with higher age and increased with longer gap time between the last two doses.
Influence of environmental and anthropogenic acoustic cues in sea-finding of hatchling leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) sea turtles
Authors: Holtz Bethany , Stewart Kelly R. , Piniak Wendy E. D.
Published: July 2021

Although the visual and geomagnetic orientation cues used by sea turtle hatchlings during sea-finding have been well studied, the potential for auditory stimuli to act as an orientation cue has not been explored. We investigated the response of sea turtle hatchlings to natural and anthropogenic noises present on their nesting beaches during sea-finding. The responses of hatchling leatherback sea turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, collected from the Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuge, St. Croix, were measured in the presence of aerial acoustic sounds within hatchlings’ hearing range of 50 to 1600 Hz. The highest sound energy produced by beach waves occurs at frequencies 50–1000 Hz, which overlaps with the most sensitive hearing range of hatchling leatherbacks (50–400 Hz). Natural beach wave sounds, which have highest sound energy at frequencies of 50–1000 Hz, may be masked by human conversations (85–650 Hz) and vehicle traffic noise (60–8000 Hz). In the presence of three stimuli, a) beach wave sounds (72.0 dB re: 20 μPa), b) human conversation (72.4 dB re: 20 μPa), and c) vehicle traffic noise (71.1 dB re: 20 μPa), hatchlings exhibited no phonotaxic response (wave sounds: mean angle = 152.1°, p = 0.645; human conversation: mean angle = 67.4°, p = 0.554; traffic noise: mean angle = 125.7°, p = 0.887). These results may be due to the hatchlings being unable to localize sounds in the experimental arena. Visual and auditory cues may also converge to affect sea-finding orientation. Future studies should focus on the localization ability of sea turtles and on the role that sound may play in orientation when combined with other sensory and environmental cues.
The impact of the Covid-19 related media coverage upon the five major developing markets
Authors: Umar Zaghum , Gubareva Mariya , Sokolova Tatiana
Published: July 2021

This paper analyses the influence of the Covid-19 coverage by the social media upon the shape of the sovereign yield curves of the five major developing countries, namely Federative Republic of B razil, Russian Federation, Republic of India, People’s Republic of China, and the Republic of South Africa (BRICS). The coherenc e between the level, slope, and the curvature of the sovereign yield term structures and the Covid-19 medi a coverage is found to vary between low and high ranges, depending on the phases of the pandemic. The empirical estimations of the yield-curve factors a re performed by means of the Diebold–Li modified version of the Nelson–Siegel model. The intervals of low coherence reveal the capacity of the two latent factors, level and slope, to be used for creating cross-factor diversification strategies, workable under crisis conditions, as evidenced on the example of the ongoing pandemic. Diverse coherence patterns are reported on a per-country basis, highlighting a promising potential of sovereign debt investments for designing cross-country and cross-factor fixed-income strategies, capable of hedging downside risks.
A public survey of traditional, complementary and integrative medicine use during the COVID-19 outbreak in Hong Kong
Authors: Lam Chun Sing , Koon Ho Kee , Chung Vincent Chi-Ho , Cheung Yin Ting
Published: July 2021

Background

During COVID-19, the public actively sought non-pharmacological and self-management approaches to prevent infection. Little is known on the use of traditional, complementary and integrative medicine (TCIM) by the public as preventive measures. This study investigated the prevalence and patterns of TCIM use during the pandemic, and identified factors associated with its use among the general population in Hong Kong.

Methods

An online cross-sectional survey was conducted from November to December 2020. The survey solicited information on the respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics, risk perception of the pandemic, and use of TCIM before and during the pandemic. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine predictors of TCIM use.

Results

In total, 632 responses (completion rate = 88.1%) were analyzed. TCIM was used by 44.0% of respondents during the pandemic. The most popular forms of TCIM were vitamins or other dietary supplements (n = 160, 25.3%) and Chinese herbal medicine (n = 122, 19.3%) during the pandemic. The most frequently reported indication was strengthening the immune system, especially for vitamins or other dietary supplements (n = 142/160, 88.8%). Respondents who reported using TCIM were more likely to be female (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29–2.59), had higher education attainment (aOR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.39–3.59), and older-aged (age >55 years: aOR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.04–3.02). Respondents who resided in districts with moderate to high number of confirmed COVID-19 cases (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.07–2.42) and had a higher level of risk perception (aOR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.07) were also more likely to use TCIM.

Conclusion

TCIM was used commonly in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic. While vaccination and social distancing remain the mainstay of controlling the pandemic, professional bodies should proactively consider public preferences and provide information regarding the effectiveness and safety of TCIM for COVID-19 prevention and treatment.
Assessing recovery of spectacled eiders using a Bayesian decision analysis
Authors: Dunham Kylee D. , Osnas Erik E. , Frost Charles J. , Fischer Julian B. , Grand James B.
Published: July 2021

Assessing species status and making classification decisions under the Endangered Species Act is a critical step towards effective species conservation. However, classification decisions are liable to two errors: i) failing to classify a species as threatened or endangered that should be classified (underprotection), or ii) classifying a species as threatened or endangered when it is not warranted (overprotection). Recent surveys indicate threatened spectacled eider populations are increasing in western Alaska, prompting the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to reconsider the federal listing status. There are multiple criteria set for assessing spectacled eider status, and here we focus on the abundance and decision analysis criteria. We estimated population metrics using state-space models for Alaskan breeding populations of spectacled eiders. We projected abundance over 50 years using posterior estimates of abundance and process variation to estimate the probability of quasi-extinction. The decision analysis maps the risk of quasi-extinction to the loss associated with making a misclassification error (i.e., underprotection) through a loss function. Our results indicate that the Yukon Kuskokwim Delta breeding population in western Alaska has met the recovery criteria but the Arctic Coastal Plain population in northern Alaska has not. The methods employed here provide an example of accounting for uncertainty and incorporating value judgements in such a way that the decision-makers may understand the risk of committing a misclassification error. Incorporating the abundance threshold and decision analysis in the reclassification criteria greatly increases the transparency and defensibility of the classification decision, a critical aspect for making effective decisions about species management and conservation.
Determinants of crop residue burning practice in the Terai region of Nepal
Authors: Bajracharya Sugat B. , Mishra Arabinda , Maharjan Amina
Published: July 2021

The open burning of agricultural crop residue is a key environmental issue facing the Hindu Kush Himalaya region, the Indo-Gangetic plain in particular. There is a varying intensity in the incidence of open agricultural burning in this region, and multiple drivers that determine why farmers in this region decide to burn their crop residues. While there have been research studies conducted for other countries in the region, research into the determinants of crop-burning in the Nepalese context is missing. Using primary data from a survey of 388 farming households across three districts of the Nepal Terai―Nawalparasi, Rupandehi and Kapilvastu―applying a recursive bivariate probit model, this study seeks to find out what drives the Nepalese farmers to burn their crop residue instead of using them in a sustainable manner and suggest policy recommendations for mitigation. Our findings show that the major determining factors that influence the farmers’ behavior in Nepal are livestock ownership, combine harvester use and awareness level of the farmers. While the effects of crop residue burning is transboundary in nature, the mitigation measures require to be region specific. Based on the findings, the study proposes raising livestock, using technology like Happy Seeders or upgrade the combine harvesters, raising awareness and changing perception of farmers, and promoting alternative uses of crop residue as viable mitigation measures.
Classification of abnormal location in medium voltage switchgears using hybrid gravitational search algorithm-artificial intelligence
Authors: Illias Hazlee Azil , Lim Ming Ming , Abu Bakar Ab Halim , Mokhlis Hazlie , Ishak Sanuri , Amir Mohd Dzaki Mohd
Published: July 2021

In power system networks, automatic fault diagnosis techniques of switchgears with high accuracy and less time consuming are important. In this work, classification of abnormal location in switchgears is proposed using hybrid gravitational search algorithm (GSA)-artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. The measurement data were obtained from ultrasound, transient earth voltage, temperature and sound sensors. The AI classifiers used include artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM). The performance of both classifiers was optimized by an optimization technique, GSA. The advantages of GSA classification on AI in classifying the abnormal location in switchgears are easy implementation, fast convergence and low computational cost. For performance comparison, several well-known metaheuristic techniques were also applied on the AI classifiers. From the comparison between ANN and SVM without optimization by GSA, SVM yields 2% higher accuracy than ANN. However, ANN yields slightly higher accuracy than SVM after combining with GSA, which is in the range of 97%-99% compared to 95%-97% for SVM. On the other hand, GSA-SVM converges faster than GSA-ANN. Overall, it was found that combination of both AI classifiers with GSA yields better results than several well-known metaheuristic techniques.
Dissociation of tone merger and congenital amusia in Hong Kong Cantonese
Authors: Zhang Caicai , Ho Oi-Yee , Shao Jing , Ou Jinghua , Law Sam-Po
Published: July 2021

While the issue of individual variation has been widely studied in second language learning or processing, it is less well understood how perceptual and musical aptitude differences can explain individual variation in native speech processing. In the current study, we make use of tone merger in Hong Kong Cantonese, an ongoing sound change that concerns the merging of tones in perception, production or both in a portion of native speakers, to examine the possible relationship between tone merger and musical and pitch abilities. Although a previous study has reported the occurrence of tone merger independently of musical training, it has not been investigated before whether tone-merging individuals, especially those merging tones in perception, would have inferior musical perception and fine-grained pitch sensitivities, given the close relationship of speech and music. To this end, we tested three groups of tone-merging individuals with various tone perception and production profiles on musical perception and pitch threshold tasks, in comparison to a group of Cantonese speakers with congenital amusia, and another group of controls without tone merger or amusia. Additionally, the amusics were compared with tone-merging individuals on the details of their tone discrimination and production profiles. The results showed a clear dissociation of tone merger and amusia, with the tone-merging individuals exhibiting intact musical and pitch abilities; on the other hand, the amusics demonstrated widespread difficulties in tone discrimination yet intact tone production, in contrast to the highly selective confusion of a specific tone pair in production or discrimination in tone-merging individuals. These findings provide the first evidence that tone merger and amusia are distinct from each other, and further suggest that the cause of tone merger may lie elsewhere rather than being driven by musical or pitch deficits. We also discussed issues arising from the current findings regarding the neural mechanisms of tone merger and amusia.
Long-term risk of death and recurrent cardiovascular events following acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Gouda Pishoy , Savu Anamaria , Bainey Kevin R. , Kaul Padma , Welsh Robert C.
Published: July 2021

Estimates of the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events (residual risk) among patients with acute coronary syndromes have largely been based on clinical trial populations. Our objective was to estimate the residual risk associated with common comorbidities in a large, unselected, population-based cohort of acute coronary syndrome patients. 31,056 ACS patients (49.5%—non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction [NSTEMI], 34.0%—ST segment elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] and 16.5%—unstable angina [UA]) hospitalised in Alberta between April 2010 and March 2016 were included. The primary composite outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including: death, stroke or recurrent myocardial infarction. The secondary outcome was death from any cause. Cox-proportional hazard models were used to identify the impact of ACS type and commonly observed comorbidities (heart failure, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, renal disease, cerebrovascular disease and diabetes). At 3.0 +/- 3.7 years, rates of MACE were highest in the NSTEMI population followed by STEMI and UA (3.58, 2.41 and 1.68 per 10,000 person years respectively). Mortality was also highest in the NSTEMI population followed by STEMI and UA (2.23, 1.38 and 0.95 per 10,000 person years respectively). Increased burden of comorbidities was associated with an increased risk of MACE, most prominently seen with heart failure (adjusted HR 1.83; 95% CI 1.73–1.93), renal disease (adjusted HR 1.52; 95% CI 1.40–1.65) and diabetes (adjusted HR 1.51; 95% CI 1.44–1.59). The cumulative presence of each of examined comorbidities was associated with an incremental increase in the rate of MACE ranging from 1.7 to 9.98 per 10,000 person years. Rates of secondary prevention medications at discharge were high including: statin (89.5%), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker (84.1%) and beta-blockers (85.9%). Residual cardiovascular risk following an acute coronary syndrome remains high despite advances in secondary prevention. A higher burden of comorbidities is associated with increased residual risk that may benefit from aggressive or novel therapies.
Dealing with uncertainty: A high-density EEG investigation on how intolerance of uncertainty affects emotional predictions
Authors: Del Popolo Cristaldi Fiorella , Mento Giovanni , Sarlo Michela , Buodo Giulia
Published: July 2021

Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) can influence emotional predictions, constructed by the brain (generation stage) to prearrange action (implementation stage), and update internal models according to incoming stimuli (updating stage). However, neurocomputational mechanisms by which IU affects emotional predictions are unclear. This high-density EEG study investigated if IU predicted event-related potentials (ERPs) and brain sources activity developing along the stages of emotional predictions, as a function of contextual uncertainty. Thirty-six undergraduates underwent a S1-S2 paradigm, with emotional faces and pictures as S1s and S2s, respectively. Contextual uncertainty was manipulated across three blocks, each with 100%, 75%, or 50% S1-S2 emotional congruency. ERPs, brain sources and their relationship with IU scores were analyzed for each stage. IU did not affect prediction generation. During prediction implementation, higher IU predicted larger Contingent Negative Variation in the 75% block, and lower left anterior cingulate cortex and supplementary motor area activations. During prediction updating, as IU increased P2 to positive S2s decreased, along with P2 and Late Positive Potential in the 75% block, and right orbito-frontal cortex activity to emotional S2s. IU was therefore associated with altered uncertainty assessment and heightened attention deployment during implementation, and to uncertainty avoidance, reduced attention to safety cues and disrupted access to emotion regulation strategies during prediction updating.
Identification and safety assessment of Enterococcus thailandicus TC1 isolated from healthy pigs
Authors: Wu Xiaoying , Wu Bei , Li Yue , Jin Xiue , Wang Xiliang
Published: July 2021

Enterococci have the dual characteristics of being opportunistic pathogens and promising probiotics. The isolation from patients of CDC PNS-E2, a newly described Enterococcus species Enterococcus sanguinicola, may pose potential hazards. Enterococcus thailandicus from fermented sausage is a senior subjective synonym of E. sanguinicola. In this study, Enterococcus thailandicus TC1 was first isolated in healthy pigs in Tongcheng, China and identified by phenotypic analysis and 16S rRNA-based techniques. To evaluate the strain safety, an approach including virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, and animal experiments was adopted. The results show that cylA, gelE, esp, agg, ace, efaAfm, efaAfs, ptsD genes were undetected, and that the strain was sensitive or poorly resistant to some clinically relevant antibiotics. However, the isolated strain demonstrated β-hemolytic activity in rabbit blood agar plates. Analysis of animal experiments revealed that the isolated strain had no adverse effect on translocation and the internal organ indices, though significant differences in histology (villi height, crypts height) of ileum were observed. The data acquired suggest that E. thailandicus TC1 may be associated with a potential health risk.
Negative impacts from latency masked by noise in simulated beamforming
Authors: Drew Jordan A. , Brimijoin W. Owen
Published: July 2021

Those experiencing hearing loss face severe challenges in perceiving speech in noisy situations such as a busy restaurant or cafe. There are many factors contributing to this deficit including decreased audibility, reduced frequency resolution, and decline in temporal synchrony across the auditory system. Some hearing assistive devices implement beamforming in which multiple microphones are used in combination to attenuate surrounding noise while the target speaker is left unattenuated. In increasingly challenging auditory environments, more complex beamforming algorithms are required, which increases the processing time needed to provide a useful signal-to-noise ratio of the target speech. This study investigated whether the benefits from signal enhancement from beamforming are outweighed by the negative impacts on perception from an increase in latency between the direct acoustic signal and the digitally enhanced signal. The hypothesis for this study is that an increase in latency between the two identical speech signals would decrease intelligibility of the speech signal. Using 3 gain / latency pairs from a beamforming simulation previously completed in lab, perceptual thresholds of SNR from a simulated use case were obtained from normal hearing participants. No significant differences were detected between the 3 conditions. When presented with 2 copies of the same speech signal presented at varying gain / latency pairs in a noisy environment, any negative intelligibility effects from latency are masked by the noise. These results allow for more lenient restrictions for limiting processing delays in hearing assistive devices.
COMBINED INCREASES IN MUSCLE-STRENGTHENING ACTIVITY FREQUENCY AND PROTEIN INTAKE REVEAL GRADED RELATIONSHIP WITH FAT-FREE MASS PERCENTAGE IN U.S. ADULTS, NHANES (1999-2004)
Authors: KURKA J.M. , VEZINA J. , BROWN D.D. , SCHUMACHER J. , CULLEN R.W. , LAURSON K.R.
Published: July 2021

Background: Age-related loss of muscle mass and related ailments are of concern due to associations with disabilities and morbidity as well as constituting a substantial healthcare burden. Muscle-strengthening activities and adequate protein ingestion are recommended for all-age adults in an effort to stave off age-related muscle atrophy. Muscle building abilities decline with age but most research focuses on muscle wasting in the elderly. Objectives: To examine the independent and combined associations of protein intake (g∙kg-1∙day-1) and muscle-strengthening frequency (times∙week-1, MSF) on fat-free mass percentage (FFM%). Design Setting and Participants: This cross-sectional analysis of a population-based sample with data from the non-institutionalized persons in the United States participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (cycles 1999-2000, 2001-2002, 2003-2004) consisted of male (n=2,499) and female (n=2,373) participants 20-49 years of age for analyses. Measurements: MSF was determined by self-report and protein intake was calculated from a 24-hour recall. Differences in FFM% from bioelectrical impedance analysis was estimated using multiple linear regression models controlling for education, race-ethnicity, standing height, and total Caloric intake. Results: One unit increase in MSF or protein intake (β-coefficient, ±SE) was associated with significantly more FFM% in males (0.6±0.1%; 3.5±0.4%) and females (0.4±0.1%; 5.9±0.4%). Independent of protein intake, males and females with MSF=0 had mean ±SE FFM% of 74.4±0.4 and 60.7±0.3, respectively, while mean ±SE FFM% of males and females who met the recommendation of ≥2 times per week were 77.9±0.5 and 63.0±0.4. Independent of MSF, males and females with protein intakes below the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of 0.8 g∙kg-1∙day-1 had mean ±SE FFM% of 74.0±0.6 and 58.2±0.6, respectively, while mean ±SE FFM% of those whose intakes exceeded the recommendation were 75.6±0.4 and 62.0±0.4. The subgroup with the highest mean ±SE FFM% (80.9 ±0.73) comprised males with MSF ≥2 times per week who also consumed >1.4 g∙kg-1∙day-1. Conclusion: The MSF-protein intake dose relationship with FFM% suggests that performing muscle-strengthening activities >2 times per week while consuming protein above the RDA may result in more fat-free mass and slow age-related losses of muscle mass.
INTERSECTING SELF-REPORTED MOBILITY AND GAIT SPEED TO CREATE A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL MEASURE OF AMBULATION: THE “AMBULATION SPEED-ENDURANCE” (ASE) TYPOLOGY
Authors: SIORDIA C.
Published: July 2021

Background: Assessing mobility through readily available and affordable protocols may help advance public health by providing early detection and implementing intervention therapies aimed at mitigating the progression from physiological vitality to disability at older ages. Until now, little attention has been given to how self-reported mobility (SRM) and gait speed can be combined in a categorization scheme. Objectives: The specific aim of this report is to introduce the Ambulation Speed-Endurance (ASE) Typology to the literature—a classification system that intersects SRM and gait speed to create a multi-dimensional measure of ambulation. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Community-dwelling older adults in the United States. Participants: Evidence is provided from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) that community-dwelling older adults (n=5,403) may be found in each of the ASE Typologies. The discussion is complimented by investigating the cross-sectional predictors of a “Discrepancy Score” (measure of gap between speed and endurance) amongst those with gait speeds < 0.99 m/sec (n=4,521). Results: Multivariable linear regression results indicate level of severity in speed-endurance discrepancy is higher amongst: non-Latino-Blacks (β=0.48); Latinos (β=0.42); older ages; and lower educated. Models also show that severity in speed-endurance discrepancy is lower amongst: females (β=-0.38); those with higher body mass index; with more chronic health conditions; and poorer self-rated health. Conclusion: Research should continue to investigate how to optimize SRM.
UNALTERED IMAGE OF HEALTH MAINTENANCE: AN OBSERVATION OF NON-PARTICIPANTS IN A SWEDISH COHORT STUDY OF 85 TO 86 YEAR OLDS
Authors: DONG H.-J. , WRESSLE E. , MARCUSSON J.
Published: July 2021

Background: Selection bias is often inevitable in epidemiologic studies. It is not surprising that study conclusions based on participants’ health status are frequently questioned. Objective: This study aimed to assess whether the non-participants affected the characteristics of a general population of the very old people. Design, Setting and Participants: Prospective, cross-sectional (N=650, aged 85 years old) analysis and 1-year follow-up (n=273), in Linköping, Sweden. Measurements: We analysed data on health-related factors from a postal questionnaire, a home visit and a clinic visit at baseline and at the 1-year follow-up. We calculated the effect size to evaluate the degree of differences between the groups. Results: A greater proportion of non-participants resided in sheltered accommodation or nursing homes (participants vs non-response vs refusal, 11% vs 22% vs 40, P<0.001, φ=0.24). During the home visit or clinic visit, a higher proportion of dropouts reported mid-severe problems in EQ-5D domains (mobility and self-care) and limitations in personal activities of daily living, but the differences between participants and dropouts were very small (φ<0.2). No significant difference was found between the groups with regard to emergency room visits or hospital admissions, despite the fact that more participants than dropouts (φ=0.23) had multimorbidities (≥2 chronic diseases). Living in sheltered accommodation or a nursing home (odds ratio (OR), 2.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5-5), female gender (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-3.1) and receiving more home visits in primary care (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1-1.06) contributed positively to drop out in the data collection stages over the study period. Conclusion: Non-participants were not considered to be a group with worse health. Mobility problems may influence very old people when considering further participation, which threatens attrition.
FROM HOSPITAL TO HOME: LIMITED NUTRITIONAL AND FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY FOR OLDER ADULTS
Authors: YOUNG A.M. , MUDGE A.M. , BANKS M.D. , ROGERS L. , ALLEN J. , VOGLER B. , ISENRING E.
Published: July 2021

Background: The post-hospital period may be a vulnerable time for elders recovering from acute illness. Few studies have examined nutrition outcomes of older people at nutrition risk after acute hospitalisation. Objectives: This study aims to describe a) standard nutrition care received by recently discharged older medical patients, b) change in nutritional and functional status at six weeks post-discharge and c) clinical outcomes at twelve weeks post discharge. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Two metropolitan teaching hospitals in Brisbane, Australia. Participants: Medical patients aged ≥65 years at risk of malnutrition (Malnutrition Screening Score ≥2) and discharged to independent living in the community. Measurement: Nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), weight, lean body mass), functional status (grip strength, walk speed, activities of daily living) and health-related quality of life assessed on discharge and six weeks post-discharge. Inpatient and post-discharge nutrition intervention was recorded. Death and unplanned admissions were measured at 12 weeks. Results: Of the 42 consented participants, only 14% (n=6) received post-discharge dietitian review and 19% (n=8) received practical nutrition supports at home (meal delivery, shopping assistance) as part of standard care. While there was a small improvement in MNA (18.4±4.0 to 20.1±4.2, p=0.004) and walk speed (0.7±0.3 m/s to 0.9±0.3, p=0.004) at six weeks, there was no difference in mean weight, lean body mass, grip strength or activities of daily living. Five (15%) participants lost ≥5% body weight. By twelve weeks, 17 participants (46%) had at least one unplanned hospital admission and four (10%) had died. Conclusions: Few patients at nutrition risk received nutrition-focussed care in the post-hospital period, and most did not improve nutritional or functional status at 6 weeks.
Distúrbios do Potássio
Authors: Gomes Eduardo Borges , Pereira Hugo Cataud Pacheco
Published: July 2021

O potássio é o íon mais abundante do corpo humano, concentrando-se no meio intracelular. Seu equilíbrio é fundamental para a homeostase, gerando graves repercussões metabólicas tanto a sua diminuição, quanto a sua elevação. Este capítulo apresenta as principais anormalidades e trará casos simulados para o leitor exercitar o conteúdo aprendido.
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Single Input Image Based on Point Cloud
Authors: Hou Yu , Zhai Ruifeng , Li Xueyan , Song Junfeng , Ma Xuehan , Hou Shuzhao , Guo Shuxu
Published: July 2021

Three-dimensional reconstruction from a single image has excellent future prospects. The use of neural networks for three-dimensional reconstruction has achieved remarkable results. Most of the current point-cloud-based three-dimensional reconstruction networks are trained using nonreal
data sets and do not have good generalizability. Based on the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago ()data set of large-scale scenes, this article proposes a method for processing real data sets. The data set produced in this work can better train
our network model and realize point cloud reconstruction based on a single picture of the real world. Finally, the constructed point cloud data correspond well to the corresponding three-dimensional shapes, and to a certain extent, the disadvantage of the uneven distribution of the point cloud
data obtained by light detection and ranging scanning is overcome using the proposed method.
Passeios para desenhar, costurar e pensar. História do ensino de geometria e seus parceiros
Authors: Búrigo Elisabete Zardo
Published: July 2021

Aos vinte e alguns anos de idade, a História da Educação Matemática, constituída como campo de pesquisa no Brasil e no âmbito internacional, dá sinais de maturidade. Uma profícua produção acadêmica já sustenta sínteses que se constituem, ao mesmo tempo, em suporte para a formação de professores que ensinam Matemática e para o desenvolvimento de novas investigações. O livro Histórias do ensino de Geometria nos anos iniciais e seus parceiros, de Célia Leme, faz isso e mais ainda: pela discussão das articulações entre o ensino de Geometria, Desenho, Trabalhos Manuais e Medidas, desde os 1800, no Brasil, nos convida a refletir sobre os processos complexos pelos quais matérias escolares – ou disciplinas – surgem, se modificam, fundem, separam e, eventualmente, “morrem”. É um livro, portanto, que interessa a todos nós, com formações e inserções diversas, que nos interrogamos e interessamos em compreender como os currículos escolares são reconfigurados ao longo do tempo.
Eu sou a BIA. Um olhar às intenções de comunicação do Bradesco ao promover seu serviço de inteligência artificial em peças publicitárias
Authors: Schorn Bruna , Borba Eduardo Zilles
Published: July 2021

O artigo investiga a comunicação publicitária do Bradesco ao personificar seu serviço de inteligência artificial na imagem da Bradesco Inteligência Artificial (BIA). A fim de mapear as intenções de comunicação da marca é observado como ela se apropria de dimensões intrínsecas à IA. O trabalho é estruturado numa etapa teórica sobre as relações entre bancos, publicidade e IA na sociedade pós-digital (LONGO, 2014; MALTHOUSE; LI, 2017; GABRIEL, 2019); seguida de uma etapa empírica, na qual são analisadas três peças audiovisuais que usam a BIA na construção da mensagem. O método exploratório auxiliou a dissecar as peças frame-by-frame, permitindo a condução de análises qualitativas aos conceitos estratégicos e elementos audiovisuais da narrativa publicitária. Os resultados sugerem que a BIA potencializa a intenção da empresa em promover relações mutuamente benéficas com seus clientes.
SEO no jornalismo digital: uma análise sobre a visibilidade noticiosa da vitória de Jair Bolsonaro nas eleições presidenciais de 2018
Authors: Ferreira Soraya Venegas , Costa Erick Nunes da
Published: July 2021

Qual a relação de SEO e SERP com o Jornalismo? Para os que atuam no Jornalismo Digital, a aplicação das técnicas de Search Engine Optimization (SEO) pode fazer a diferença na visibilidade de uma matéria a partir de seu posicionamento na Search Engine Results Page (SERP) do Google. As técnicas de SEO ainda são pouco praticadas nos portais de notícias. Como listado em manuais, elas devem estar alinhadas ao conteúdo jornalístico de qualidade, de acordo com critérios de noticiabilidade e potencializado pelos recursos oferecidos na web. Para entender como essas ferramentas e o jornalismo se encontram, optou-se por estudar os resultados da busca Bolsonaro eleições 2018 e com base nas matérias e suas estratégias de SEO, identificar como os portais G1, Agência Brasil e UOL posicionaram o conteúdo jornalístico sobre a vitória de Bolsonaro.
Uso de vídeo com narrativa digital como proposta para instigar a motivação em cursos a distância
Authors: Avellar Valter Luís de , Silveira Fernanda Paiva Furtado da
Published: July 2021

A Educação a Distância tem como um de seus desafios manter o aluno motivado. Uma das formas de vencer esse desafio é produzir material didático de qualidade. Portanto, este artigo tem como objetivo propor a produção de vídeo com narrativa digital, como estratégia para instigar a motivação do aluno, melhorar as interações no ambiente virtual e revitalizar o material didático de uma disciplina a distância. O artigo foi desenvolvido a partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório e as teorias da aprendizagem multimídia (Richard Mayer), da carga cognitiva (John Sweller) e da distância transacional (Michael Moore) embasaram este estudo.
Esportes eletrônicos na pauta da mídia sonora: levantamento de podcasts na plataforma de streaming Spotify
Authors: Lemos Ariane Barbosa , Ferreira Ayllana da Cunha
Published: July 2021

Este trabalho apresenta um levantamento dos podcasts sobre esportes eletrônicos disponibilizados na plataforma de streaming Spotify. A pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, investiga a relação entre informação e entretenimento no contexto da cobertura dos esportes eletrônicos da mídia sonora. Os 35 programas identificados foram analisados considerando aspectos relacionados à “editoria” e ao “enfoque”. Os pontos discutidos revelam que o infotenimento predomina diante da ausência de profissionalização da cobertura midiática dos esportes eletrônicos. Os achados apontam, ainda, a hibridização na especialização da cobertura midiática, mesclando recortes do jornalismo cultural e do esportivo.
“O que faço da minha eternidade”?
Authors: Ana Maria Lisboa de Mello
Published: July 2021

Este artigo aborda o livro A Dama e o Unicórnio, da poeta portuguesa Maria Teresa Horta, cujos poemas dialogam com as tapeçarias medievais do séc. XV, do Museu Nacional da Idade Média, em Paris. Essa análise focaliza a presença e os possíveis significados do mito do unicórnio no imaginário ocidental, bem como a forma como os poemas trabalham a misteriosa relação entre o animal fabuloso e a Dama.
Lorenz, F. (2019). Elogio de la docencia. Cómo mantener viva la llama
Authors: Herrera Mauro
Published: July 2021

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Historia americana colonial en los manuales escolares: una mirada desde la construcción del Pensamiento Histórico y la formación de la Conciencia Histórica
Authors: Jurado Gonzalo
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo estudia textos escolares sobre historia americana colonial, comprendidos entre mediados del siglo veinte y la actualidad. Se realizó un recorrido posible a través de los manuales de historia para la escuela secundaria, para examinar las representaciones, los cambios, las permanencias y las adecuaciones en torno a la enseñanza de la historia de América en el período comprendido entre los siglos XVI y XIX. Además, se puso en diálogo a los manuales escolares con textos del ámbito universitario que se utilizan en la formación de docentes e investigadores. En este sentido, se compararon temas centrales acerca del período, trabajados en diferentes niveles educativos, para visualizar si existe una relación sustantiva entre ambos. Este contenido fue examinado, considerando dos conceptos medulares para la enseñanza de la historia: el Pensamiento Histórico y la Conciencia Histórica. Cabe considerar, por otra parte, que en ningún caso creemos que el Pensamiento Histórico o la Conciencia Histórica, se generen exclusivamente a partir de los textos escolares. Hay otras cuestiones como la coyuntura histórica, el docente, entre otros factores, que resultan centrales, pero, efectivamente los textos escolares posibilitan elementos para un análisis diacrónico.
Desarrollo de una aplicación móvil para el aprendizaje interactivo en problemas de ingeniería civil: aplicación a la hidráulica de canales abiertos
Authors: Ladino Moreno Edgar Orlando , García Ubaque César Augusto , Pineda Jaimes Jorge Arturo
Published: July 2021

Resumen
Contexto: El análisis del flujo de agua en canales abiertos es un tema de estudio relevante en diferentes proyectos de ingeniería civil. Sin embargo, los experimentos tradicionales en hidráulica de canales abiertos y modelos a escala son limitados, y la simple revisión conceptual basada únicamente en libros de texto no permite la suficiente estimulación y motivación para los estudiantes. Por otro lado, el rápido desarrollo de dispositivos móviles y programación en la nube a través de lenguajes como Android ofrecen alternativas para el desarrollo de herramientas complementarias que apoyen los procesos educativos.
Método: Este trabajo presenta el desarrollo de una aplicación que permite el análisis y diseño de canales prismáticos abiertos mediante la implementación del método numérico Newton-Raphson, incorporando un enfoque de aprendizaje basado en problemas.
Resultados: Se incluyeron en la aplicación elementos interactivos para la definición de variables del problema, imágenes didácticas y salidas de datos amigables para promover el interés en el uso de la aplicación y la comprensión de la solución de los problemas.
Conclusiones: La aplicación móvil es un ejemplo de las posibilidades que existen para fortalecer tanto la enseñanza de conceptos como el enfoque tecnológico para la solución rápida de problemas, las cuales promueven la apropiación de conceptos en la educación de ingeniería civil. La aplicación se llama "HydroEolm" y está disponible de forma gratuita en la Play Store de Google; ha sido descargada varios miles de veces en América Latina y el Caribe, en su mayoría por estudiantes de ingeniería, así que se infiere el impacto positivo de la aplicación para el entrenamiento académico.
Series de clima en anillos de Aspidosperma polyneuron Müll.Arg. y Anacardium excelsum (Bertero ex Kunth) Skeels
Authors: Briceño Ana María , Rangel-Ch Jesús Orlando
Published: July 2021

Se analizó la dinámica de crecimiento de Aspidosperma polyneuron y Anacardium excelsum, especies que crecen en el bosque seco tropical en el departamento del Cesar. Se utilizaron técnicas dendrocronológicas y modelos de regresión (Clench, exponencial negativa, logístico y Gompertz). Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los anillos de A. polyneuron permitieron construir una cronología de 161 años (1854-2014) y los de A. excelsum de 128 años (1887-2014). El crecimiento de A. polyneuron mostró una respuesta positiva con la precipitación espontánea en los meses secos, mientras que A. excelsum la mostró en los meses más lluviosos. La temperatura y el SOI (Índice de Oscilación Sur) no mostraron correlaciones con el crecimiento. Los anillos de A. polyneuron y A. excelsum documentaron variaciones climáticas locales pero no globales, como el SOI. De acuerdo a los modelos de regresión las dos especies tardarán más de 100 años en alcanzar el diámetro máximo, por lo que es preciso pensar estrategias para la conservación de las especies y la deforestación evitada.