bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
California School Nurses’ Knowledge in Identifying Common Dental Conditions and Making Appropriate Dental Referrals
Authors: Neapole C. , Bhoopathi V.
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

In 2011, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommended a minimum of 4 clinical oral health competencies for nondental professionals to promote optimal oral health, including (1) recognizing risk for oral disease through competent oral examinations and (2) making and tracking referrals.

Objectives:

We determined whether California school nurses (SNs) knew about specific components of the 2 IOM competencies mentioned above using 3 clinical case scenarios following the Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors Basic Screening Survey Methodology.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, a 23-item pilot-tested online survey was completed by 358 active California School Nurses Organization members between April and June 2023. We conducted univariate, bivariate, and multivariable linear regression analyses.

Results:

For the first scenario, 61% of SNs correctly identified the condition as “root tips,” with 93% indicating correctly that such a case should be referred immediately. In the second scenario, almost 77% of SNs correctly identified “untreated tooth decay,” with 50% correctly suggesting that a child with untreated tooth decay without dental pain should visit a dental office within several weeks. In the third scenario, almost 50% correctly identified an abscessed tooth, with 75% indicating that a child with this condition should be referred immediately. Multivariable adjusted linear regression analysis showed that SNs with a bachelor’s degree or lower had significantly lower overall knowledge in accurately identifying dental conditions and choosing appropriate dental referrals ( P = 0.02).

Conclusions:

At least half of the participating SNs accurately identified the dental conditions and chose the appropriate dental referrals. The educational status of SNs was a strong predictor of SNs’ overall knowledge of identifying oral health conditions and appropriate dental referrals. SNs, when adequately trained, can assess oral health needs and make appropriate dental referrals as part of school-linked dental programs.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

SNs can identify common dental conditions in children and appropriately refer them to a dental professional. When adequately trained, they can be a valuable resource in implementing school-linked dental programs.
Oral Health Recovery: Randomized Evaluation of an Oral-Behavioral Health Integration Approach
Authors: Lapidos A. , Henderson J. , Cullen J. , Pasiak S. , Hershberger M. , Rulli D.
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

This study implemented a single-session oral health education and referral program in behavioral health settings serving people with psychiatric disabilities. The program was led by peer specialists (“peers”)—lay community behavioral health workers with personal experience of mental health challenges who are trained and certified to support others.

Methods:

Investigators collaborated with peers, state government, and clinical leadership to design and implement the program. Randomized parallel assignment was used to compare 2 arms: (1) group viewing of an oral health educational video (VC) and (2) a peer-led 1-time class providing education and motivation to access dental care (the Oral Health Recovery Group; OHRG). In both arms, peers followed up with participants to encourage accessing dental care and reinforce at-home care goals. Oral health knowledge, at-home care, motivation, appointment scheduling, and utilization were assessed at baseline, postintervention, and 2 mo. Qualitative interviews assessed barriers and facilitators.

Results:

More than half of participants reported oral pain in the previous year. Pre-/postintervention survey results did not significantly improve in either arm or differ between arms. At follow-up, 25 (68%) in OHRG and 14 (56%) in VC reported meeting a dental at-home care goal because of the program. Ten (27%) in OHRG and 9 (36%) in VC reported making a dental appointment because of the program. Most were satisfied with the program. Interviewed participants were comfortable with peers in this role, yet access barriers remained.

Conclusions:

Single-session oral health interventions were implemented in behavioral health settings. The fact that surveys did not significantly improve suggests that more intensive interventions may be needed. Nevertheless, peers successfully scheduled dental appointments for vulnerable patients. Given that dental appointments were scheduled after only a 1-time class and light-touch peer navigation, oral health integration in behavioral health settings shows promise as a financially sustainable approach that merits further research.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

The results of this study can be used by staff in behavioral health settings who wish to consider peer-led financially sustainable approaches to providing oral health education and linkages to dental care for their clients.
The Rational Colonial and the Civilised Modern: An Indian Perspective on Western Epistemology and Personality Formation
Authors: Jena Shibsankar
Published: November 2024

This article critically compares the social formation and tenants of Indian and British knowledge systems through an analysis of British colonisation in India. Specifically, it draws on Gandhi’s understanding of the id, ego and super-ego relationship that is revealed in the colonial situation and its legacy. While Europe characterises Asian societies and individuals as id-like and therefore in need of meditation by the ego represented by European modernity, in actuality pre-colonial Indian civilisation is better represented by the super-ego that is driven to sacrifice for the collective security of the whole and Europe is better characterised as the id-driven by the desire for capital accumulation with the ultimate goal of self-satisfaction. Within this framework, I explore how each society was deeply formed by the respective id and super-ego orientations—from their knowledge systems to their understandings of the human being and sociopolitical arrangements. This analysis better helps to understand how the political economy of India was corrupted through British colonisation and why so-called European modernity could not fulfil its promise, creating instead new crises in its wake.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Subjective Features and Physical Examination Tests for Morton Neuroma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pitcher Mark , Moulson Andrea , Pitcher David , Herbland Anthony , Cert Grad , Cairns Mindy C.
Published: November 2024

Background:

Morton neuroma (MN) is a common pathology with many reported subjective features and physical examination tests. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the diagnostic accuracy of subjective features and physical examination tests for MN.

Methods:

CINAHL, CENTRAL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Opengrey, PEDro, PsycINFO, Scopus and Trials register were searched in January 2021. Two reviewers independently screened studies for inclusion using the following criteria: (1) prospective or retrospective cohort studies, (2) participants aged ≥18 years with suspected MN, (3) primary data allowing construction of 2 × 2 diagnostic table or reported sensitivity and specificity figures, (4) diagnosis of MN using magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, surgery, positive response to steroid and/or anesthetic injection, and (5) in English or translatable. Quality of included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies version-2 (QUADAS-2) tool.

Results:

The search yielded 1170 results, of which 9 were included in this systematic review. Narrative synthesis revealed that subjective clicking reported by a patient was highly specific (0.96) and had a high positive likelihood ratio (13.14). The modified webspace tenderness test (thumb index finger squeeze test) was highly sensitive (0.96) with a low negative likelihood ratio (0.04). The commonly reported feeling of “walking on a pebble” and “burning pain” had sensitivities of 43% to 53% and 54% to 57% and associated specificities of 52% and 48%, respectively. Only 1 study had low risk of bias. The review was limited by the number of studies that included few or no patients without MN, and the impact this had on the ability to calculate diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusion:

There is strong evidence that clicking reported by a patient rules in MN and that the modified webspace tenderness test rules out MN when negative.
Fashion Dynamics: Exploring Demographic Influences on Clothing Purchases
Authors: Sree Brinda , Kavitha R.
Published: November 2024

The fashion industry plays a significant role in shaping emotional well-being, intertwined with the broader impact of globalisation. Amid this transformative era, the fashion sector faces profound changes, notably propelled by the emergence of fast fashion. This phenomenon redefines success by offering consumers extensive clothing options at affordable prices and facilitating frequent wardrobe updates. This study, employing a sample size of 100 respondents selected through the snowball technique, examines the influence of demographic segmentation on the rationale for clothing purchases. By delving into demographic factors such as age, gender and income, it aims to unravel the complexities of consumer behaviour within the dynamic fashion landscape. Understanding the intricate interplay between demographic characteristics and consumer preferences is pivotal for effective market segmentation, empowering corporations to tailor their strategies and offerings to meet diverse customer needs. This research highlights that there is no significant impact of age or income on the reason for buying clothes.
Cutting performance of multi-tooth milling cutter for cortical bone longitudinal torsional ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting
Authors: Gao Peng , Wang Junxiang , Sun Tiewei , Wang Min , Zan Tao , Zhao Xinlong
Published: November 2024

Multi-tooth milling cutters have the advantages of minimal surface damages and low cutting forces and are widely used in composite materials milling such as carbon fiber and wood. Cortical bone is a composite biomaterial similar to carbon fiber and wood; however, the cutting performance of multi-tooth milling cutters on bone cutting is unclear. Here, this paper proposes a multi-tooth milling cutter longitudinal torsional ultrasonic vibration assisted milling (LTVUM) method for cortical bone low damage cutting. The cutting performance of sinusoidal and corn edge cutters for cortical bone LTVUM was studied, and its material removal mechanisms were also established. The results indicated that the multi-tooth milling cutter has a smaller average cutting force, and suppressing the chip burrs and tearing damages. Compared to straight edge cutter, the resultant cutting forces of sinusoidal and corn edge cutters are decreased by 52.58%–61.01% and 45.60%−65.96%. The reason is that the secondary cutting edge of multi-tooth cutter can participate in cutting, reducing the tool squeeze interference. This work provides experimental guidance for the application of multi-tooth milling cutters LTVUM in bone cutting.
A New Algorithm for Extra-Articular Reinforcement in ACL Injury Based on Rotational Instability
Authors: Jorge Pedro , Guglielmetti Luiz Gabriel , Helito Camilo , Canuto Sérgio , Pádua Vitor , Escudeiro Diego
Published: November 2024

Background:

The results of surgical reconstructions of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are improving with the association of extra-articular reinforcements, such as anterolateral ligament reconstruction and Lemaire tenodesis. However, ACL injury can occur through various mechanisms, and when there are valgus and external rotation of the tibia, anteromedial rotational instability (AMRI) may develop. Articular reinforcement in the anteromedial quadrant, in the topography of the anterior oblique ligament (AOL), can be an important tool for patients with ACL injury and external rotation instability.

Indications:

The physical examination under anesthesia in patients undergoing ACL reconstruction who are candidates for extra-articular reinforcements provides important information about rotational instability. Patients with instability in external rotation may benefit from anteromedial reinforcement in the AOL’s topography.

Technique Description:

We propose an algorithm to be followed in patients with ACL injury and indication for extra-articular reinforcement. Patients with a positive pivot shift, indicating internal rotation instability of the knee, should undergo anterolateral reinforcements, as well as those patients with joint hyperlaxity. The algorithm suggests performing the anterior drawer in external rotation (ADER) test. When positive in isolation, anteromedial reinforcement is indicated. When the physical examination shows both positive ADER and pivot shift, both medial and lateral extra-articular reinforcement could be performed.

Results:

This new type of extra-articular reinforcement, in the AOL’s topography, appears to be an important tool for improving surgical outcomes in ACL reconstructions. AMRI is a risk factor for central pivot reconstruction failure and should be investigated and treated, as proposed by the algorithm.

Conclusions:

Clinical examination of the ACL-injured knee, preferably under anesthesia, should include internal rotational and external rotational examination (pivot-shift and ADER tests). AMRI, when detected, should be treated, and the AOL reconstruction seems to be a good alternative. We propose a new algorithm based on rotational instability to make our extra-articular reinforcement in ACL patients.

Patient Consent Disclosure Statement:

The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Bruno Latour from a French and fresh perspective
Authors: Heinich Nathalie
Published: November 2024

This response offers a slightly different perspective on the whole of Bruno Latour's thought, taking into account his first works, their reception in the French intellectual context and some later reorientations. It thus suggests a less holistic view of his work, of which ANT is but one dimension. It finally advocates a less theoretical use of concepts in order to use them as mere tools for empirical research rather than as ends in themselves.
Optimizing Heparin Quality Assurance Utilizing Electronic Data Abstraction
Authors: Lemanske Elizabeth , Zimmerman Justin , Dobry Paul , Edwin Stephanie , Giuliano Christopher
Published: November 2024

Background: Heparin is a high-risk medication with significant variability across patients. Systematic data analysis can help hospitals improve heparin management, ensuring safe and effective anticoagulation. An opportunity exists to create a more efficient data collection process, allowing hospitals to streamline quality assurance programs. Objective: To assess the agreement between manual and electronic data abstraction for heparin quality assurance. Methods: This is a single-center, observational cohort study that evaluated patients who received therapeutic unfractionated heparin from September to November 20, 2023. Patients treated for less than 24 hours were excluded. Data were collected manually from pharmacist monitoring forms and the electronic medical record; electronic data abstraction was queried from an institutional data warehouse. The primary outcome was agreement in percentage of patients achieving a therapeutic aPTT within 24 hours. Secondary outcomes included agreement on time to therapeutic aPTT, agreement on time to therapeutic or supratherapeutic aPTT, and clinical outcomes. Results: The study included 288 patients. Manual data collection indicated 44.1% of patients were therapeutic within 24 hours, whereas electronic data collection showed 46.9% (kappa = 0.86). The kappa value for agreement of therapeutic or supratherapeutic aPTT within 24 hours was substantial (kappa = 0.69), with manual data showing 61.5% of patients therapeutic within 24 hours compared with 73.3% in electronic data. However, poor agreement was found when identifying subsequent heparin boluses (kappa = 0.13) and new venous thromboembolism cases (kappa = −0.01). Conclusions and Relevance: The metrics from the 2 data collection methods varied in reliability, ranging from highly consistent to poorly aligned. A hybrid approach, integrating manual and reliable electronic methods, has been implemented at our institution to improve efficiency. Further studies are needed to assess generalizability, and enhance electronic data capture for clinical outcomes.
Variability and uncertainty of variance components in fixed-effects and mixed-effects ground-motion models
Authors: Campbell Kenneth W , Kuehn Nicolas M , Bozorgnia Yousef
Published: November 2024

It has become common in the development of ground-motion models (GMMs), especially using mixed-effects regression with crossed random effects, to calculate standard deviations, referred to as variance components, from sample statistics of the residuals (i.e. random effects and within-group errors) rather than using the variance components reported by a mixed-effects regression program, calculated using the same algorithms used in the mixed-effects regression, or estimated using Bayesian inference. This practice leads to underestimating the standard deviations because it does not account for the uncertainty (i.e. standard errors) associated with fitting the random effects and within-group errors during the regression analysis. In this study, we used a series of ground-motion models for Fourier amplitude spectra developed using mixed-effects regression of an Next Generation Attenuation (NGA)-West2 database to show that residual-based standard deviations can be significantly smaller than regression-based standard deviations. These differences are exacerbated for those variance components with the fewest number of observations or when the residuals are partitioned (e.g. by earthquake magnitude). Using residual-based variance components not only results in smaller standard deviations but can lead to biased inferences when attempting to compare the efficacy of a model based solely on a comparison of the values of the variance components or their related mean square errors. It can also lead to biased fixed-effects coefficients if the variance components are derived from the residuals of a mixed-effects regression rather than estimated during a regression. We show that variance components can be decomposed into various random-effect grouping factors and partitioned into subsets of predictor variables, such as magnitude, from the total residuals of a non-Bayesian mixed-effects regression program using Bayesian inference. This process does not require the development of an entire GMM using Bayesian mixed-effects regression.
Different associations of atherogenic index of plasma, triglyceride glucose index, and hemoglobin A1C levels with the risk of coronary artery calcification progression according to established diabetes
Authors: Won Ki-Bum , Choi Su-Yeon , Chun Eun Ju , Park Sung Hak , Sung Jidong , Jung Hae Ok , Chang Hyuk-Jae
Published: November 2024

Background

Both insulin resistance and hyperglycemia are important risk factors for atherosclerosis. While the characteristics of atherosclerosis are obviously different according to established diabetes, little has been known regarding the risk of coronary artery calcification (CAC) progression related to the biomarkers of atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) in conditions with and without diabetes.

Methods

We analyzed 12,326 asymptomatic Korean adults (mean age 51.7 ± 8.5 years; 84.2% males; 15.8% with diabetes) over a median follow-up period of 3.0 years. AIP was defined as the base-10 logarithm of the ratio of triglyceride concentration (mmol/L) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L). The TyG index was calculated as ln (fasting triglycerides [mg/dL] × fasting glucose [mg/ dL]/2). CAC progression was defined using the SQRT method, as a difference of ≥ 2.5 between the square roots (√) of baseline and follow-up coronary artery calcium scores (CACS) (Δ√transformed CACS). Logistic regression models adjusted for interscan periods were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR).

Results

The levels of AIP, TyG index, and HbA1C were significantly higher in diabetics than in non-diabetics. CAC progression was more frequently observed in diabetics (46.9%) than in non-diabetics (28.0%). After adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, current smoking status, serum creatinine levels, baseline CACS, and interscan period, AIP (per-0.1 unit increase) was associated with CAC progression in only non-diabetics (OR: 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02 − 1.06; P < 0.001). In contrast, HbA1C level (per-1% increase) was significantly associated with CAC progression in only diabetics (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.08 − 1.32; P = 0.001). The TyG index (per-1 unit increase) was associated with CAC progression in both non-diabetics (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.19 − 1.46; P < 0.001) and diabetics (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.10 − 1.60; P = 0.003).

Conclusions

The associations between AIP, TyG index, and HbA1C levels with CAC progression vary according to established diabetes. Of these biomarkers, TyG index is independently associated with CAC progression irrespective of established diabetes.

Graphical abstract
Contextualising the job demands–resources model: a cross-sectional study of the psychosocial work environment across different healthcare professions
Authors: Gynning Britta Elsert , Karlsson Elin , Teoh Kevin , Gustavsson Per , Christiansen Filip , Brulin Emma
Published: November 2024

Background

The deteriorating psychosocial work environment among healthcare workers in Sweden, influenced by demanding working conditions and resource constraints, affects individual well-being and patient care quality. Healthcare workers, including physicians, registered nurses, and nursing assistants, often work interdependently and share workplaces, yet are three completely different professions. Nonetheless, comprehensive studies comparing their psychosocial work environments are scarce; often focusing on healthcare workers either separately or as a homogenous group, but rarely comparative.

Aim

Utilising the job demands–resources model, this study investigated variations in the psychosocial work environment among Swedish healthcare workers. We wanted to identify how the antecedents of individual well-being, in the form of demands and resources, differed between healthcare workers.

Method

Data from the 2022 Longitudinal Occupational Health Survey for Health Care in Sweden were analysed; the participants included 7589 physicians, registered nurses, and nursing assistants. The analysis involved descriptive statistics, including measures of means and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), employing the Bonferroni correction for multiple post hoc comparisons. The ANCOVA was also stratified by working factors, including years of work experience and employment within the private/public sector.

Results

The study revealed significant variations in how healthcare workers perceive their psychosocial work environment. Physicians faced the highest level of Quantitative Demands (mean (x̄) 3.15; 95% CI 3.11–3.19), while registered nurses reported the most Emotional Demands (x̄ 3.37; 95% CI 3.32–3.41). Nursing assistants had the highest grand means for the imbalance between Efforts and Rewards (Effort Reward Imbalance) (x̄ 1.49; 95% CI 1.49–1.49) and an imbalance between Work and Private Life (Work–Life Interference) (x̄ 3.20, 95% CI 3.15–3.25), along with limited resources. The stratified analysis showed that years of experience and the sector affected healthcare workers' perceptions of their psychosocial working environment. For example, registered nurses working in the private sector reported better working conditions than registered nurses working in the public sector. The situation for nursing assistants was reversed.

Conclusion

Psychosocial work environments are experienced differently between and within healthcare professions in Sweden. This study provides crucial insights for improving workplace conditions and consequently enhancing healthcare professionals’ well-being and quality of patient care.
NEK7 induces lactylation in Alzheimer’s disease to promote pyroptosis in BV-2 cells
Authors: Cheng Jing , Zhao Hui
Published: November 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), an age-related neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by irreversible brain tissue degeneration. The amyloid-β (Aβ) cascade hypothesis stands as the predominant paradigm explaining AD pathogenesis. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying Aβ-induced pyroptosis in AD. AD models were established using amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice and Aβ-treated BV-2 cells (5 µM, 24 h). NEK7 expression was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Cell pyroptosis was assessed before and after NEK7 expression was inhibited in BV-2 cells. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors carrying short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against NEK7 (AAV-sh-NEK7) were administered to mice to knockdown NEK7 in vivo. Spatial learning and memory abilities were evaluated using the Morris water maze test. The interaction between NEK7 and histone H4 lysine 12 lactylation (H4K12la) were then investigated. The results suggested that NEK7 expression was markedly elevated in both in vitro and in vivo AD models. Treatment with Aβ significantly reduced cell viability and enhanced pyroptosis in BV-2 cells; these effects were reversed by inhibiting NEK7. Furthermore, AD mice with NEK7 knockdown exhibited shorter escape latencies and increased time spent in the target quadrant, suggesting that NEK7 inhibition improved cognitive function and memory retention. Mechanistically, Aβ treatment induced histone lactylation in BV-2 cells, and suppression of lactylation attenuated NEK7 transcriptional activity and mRNA levels. In summary, elevated NEK7 expression promoted histone lactylation in BV-2 cells, thereby facilitating pyroptosis. Inhibition of NEK7 conferred protection against Aβ-induced cellular damage and enhanced cognitive performance and memory retention in AD model mice. Collectively, targeting NEK7 represents a potential therapeutic strategy for alleviating AD symptoms.

Graphical abstract
Obstructive shock and cardiac arrest due to diaphragmatic hernia after esophageal surgery: a case report
Authors: Minami Kensuke , Nakatsuka Rie , Nagaoka Satoshi , Hirota Masaki , Matsumoto Takashi , Kusu Takashi , Shingai Tatsushi , Makari Yoichi , Oshima Satoshi
Published: November 2024

Background

We report the exceedingly rare case of diaphragmatic hernia after esophageal surgery resulting in obstructive shock and cardiac arrest.

Case presentation

An 82-year-old man, who had undergone a robotic-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy and gastric tube reconstruction via a subcutaneously route with three-field lymphadenectomy for esophagogastric junction cancer at another hospital 3 months prior, complaining of persistent epigastric pain and nausea. Computed tomography revealed that the proximal jejunum had herniated through the esophageal hiatus into the left thoracic cavity, with dilation of the subcutaneous gastric tube and duodenum. He was urgently admitted, and a nasogastric tube was inserted. His respiratory and circulatory parameters were normal upon admission, however, nine hours after admission, there was a rapid increase in oxygen demand, and he subsequently developed shock. His blood pressure was 106/65 mmHg, pulse rate of 150bpm, respiratory rate of 30/min with an O2 saturation of 97% on High-flow nasal cannula FiO2:0.4, cyanosis and peripheral coldness appeared. Chest X-ray showed a severe mediastinal shift to the right, suggesting obstructive shock due to intestinal hernia into the thoracic cavity. Emergency surgery was planned, but shortly after endotracheal intubation, the patient experienced cardiac arrest. It was found that approximately 220 cm of small intestine had herniated into the thoracic cavity through the esophageal hiatus, and it was being strangulated by the diaphragmatic crura. A portion of the diaphragmatic crura was incised to manually reduce the herniated small intestine back into the abdominal cavity. The strangulated intestine was congested, but improvement in coloration was observed and it had not become necrotic. The procedure finished with closure of the esophageal hiatus. Intensive care was continued, but he died on postoperative day 29 because of complications including perforation of the descending colon and aspiration pneumonia.

Conclusion

Rapid progression of small intestine hernia into the thoracic cavity, leading to obstructive shock, was suspected. While this case was rare, early recognition of the condition and prompt reduction could have potentially led to life-saving outcomes.
Effects of Different Loading Programs on Finger Strength in Rock Climbers
Authors: Gilmore Natalie K. , Klimek Peter , Abrahamsson Emil , Baar Keith
Published: November 2024

Background

Climbing places high loads through the hands and fingers, and climbers may benefit from specific finger strength training (hangboarding) protocols. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 10-minute low intensity hangboard finger strengthening protocol (“Abrahangs”), compared with the generally accepted Max Hangs protocol for training maximal grip strength.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated the change in grip strength and Strength: Weight following Max Hangs, Abrahangs, or the two protocols performed concurrently in rock climbers who used the Crimpd app to log their training. Users who had completed two finger strength tests within a 4–16-week period were included. Climbers were grouped by the number of training sessions into: “Climbing Only”, “Abrahangs Only”, “Max Hangs Only” and “Both” Max Hangs and Abrahangs.

Results

Frequent low intensity finger loading was as effective at improving grip strength in climbers as training with maximal loads. Additionally, combining low intensity and maximal load training resulted in additive strength gains.

Conclusions

These results suggest that low-intensity long duration holds provide a promising training paradigm for training finger strength that is gentle enough to incorporate into existing training programs.
Initial labor market conditions and subsequent fertility behavior
Authors: Ramos Vincent Jerald
Published: November 2024

The conditions upon which young adults enter the labor market have been demonstrated to affect various later-life employment and family formation outcomes. After the 2008–2009 Global Financial Crisis, a thick strand of the literature has shown that precarious initial employment leads to postponed childbearing and higher ultimate childlessness. However, it is not only individual conditions that matter. Broader macroeconomic conditions upon entry also matter. The “scarring” literature has illustrated the consequences of entering the labor market during a recession on later life outcomes. Speaking to both strands and using detailed employment and birth histories of labor market entrants in Germany, this paper examines the effects of initial conditions, operationalized using fixed-term employment and recession year entry, on subsequent fertility behavior. To partly address bias from endogenous selection into initial conditions, we employ a two-step estimation strategy combining a non-parametric optimal full matching step and a parametric event history modeling step using the matched data. Results suggest that entering the labor market with a fixed-term contract is persistently and negatively associated with first births up to a decade after entry, and this pattern is pronounced only among women, whereas entering during a recession has persistent negative associations only among men.
Unveiling the phloem: a battleground for plant pathogens
Authors: Haider Mohammad Waris , Sharma Arpana , Majumdar Anik , Fayaz Falak , Bromand Ferdaws , Rani Upasana , Singh Vaibhav Kumar , Saharan Mahender Singh , Tiwari Rahul Kumar , Lal Milan Kumar , Kumar Ravinder
Published: November 2024

Phloem is the primary conduit for transporting photosynthates and signaling molecules in plants, facilitating communication between various plant organs. As an ancient vascular tissue, phloem transports sugars, proteins, and hormones from source tissues to sinks over long distances. However, this vital transport system also serves as a battlefield where plants and pathogens compete for survival. The phloem’s nutrient-rich environment offers pathogens a secure habitat, protecting them from external threats while providing ample metabolic resources. Phloem-feeding insects, bacteria, fungi, and viruses exploit this system to access nutrients, leading to widespread diseases and yield losses. These insects can also transmit pathogens, such as viruses, which can evade the plants’ defense systems, causing systemic damage throughout the transport network. This review describes the mechanisms by which pathogens invade and colonize the phloem, the plant’s defense strategies, and their dynamic interactions. Understanding the phloem’s structural intricacies, physiological functions, and defense mechanisms provides a foundation for comprehending phloem–pathogen interactions. Insights into these interactions at the molecular level are crucial for developing innovative and effective disease management strategies. Genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics advances have elucidated the interactions between phloem defenses and pathogen offenses. Finally, this review discusses integrated disease management strategies to counteract these pathogens, paving the way for improving plant health and resilience.
Exploring SLC30A6 as a potential prognostic, immunomodulatory, and therapeutic biomarker in various cancers with a focus on pancreatic cancer: a pan-cancer analysis
Authors: Maghool Fatemeh , Kadkhodaei Elyaderani Parisa , Mohammadzadeh Samaneh , Hosseini Amir , Heidari Aida , Samadi Pouria
Published: November 2024

Background

Our study investigates the multifaceted role of the gene SLC30A6 across 33 distinct cancer types. Understanding the function and impact of SLC30A6 in cancer biology is crucial, as previous studies have hinted at its aberrant expression and potential involvement in tumor progression. This research aims to elucidate the expression patterns, methylation variations, mutational signatures, and survival implications of SLC30A6, along with its engagement with the immune system in various cancers and specially in pancreatic cancer.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive analysis of SLC30A6 using data from 33 different cancer types, and all data were analyzed in silico. The study involved examining expression levels, performing correlation analyses with clinical outcomes, assessing methylation variations, and identifying mutational signatures. Functional enrichment analyses were carried out to understand the gene's involvement in biological pathways. Additionally, we evaluated the relationship between SLC30A6 expression and immune cell infiltration levels to uncover its role in the tumor microenvironment.

Results

SLC30A6 was found to be significantly up-regulated in the majority of the 33 cancer types analyzed. High expression levels of SLC30A6 were consistently correlated with poor survival outcomes, indicating its potential role in cancer prognosis. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that SLC30A6 is involved in key pathways related to tumor progression, including cell proliferation and apoptosis. Moreover, SLC30A6 showed significant associations with diverse immune pathways, suggesting its involvement in immune regulation. Notably, our analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between SLC30A6 expression and the infiltration levels of key immune cells, highlighting its dual immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory roles in a pan-cancer context. Moreover, SLC30A6 is significantly overexpression in pancreatic cancer and have shown different clinical associations as above.

Conclusion

Our study provides comprehensive insights into the complex interplay between SLC30A6 and cancer development. These findings position SLC30A6 as a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target across diverse cancer types, highlighting its importance in future cancer research and treatment strategies.
Optimal data-driven strategy for in-house and outsourced technological innovations by open banking APIs
Authors: Dezem Vinicius , Sachan Swati , Macedo Marcelo , Andrade Longaray André
Published: November 2024

Open banking is a customer consent-driven data-sharing framework to maintain interoperability among financial and non-financial institutions through secure application programming interfaces. Traditional retail banks are losing their competitive edge against digital banks, FinTech, and BigTech firms due to a higher outflow of customer account data than inflow. These firms capitalize on open banking data to launch innovative products and introduce “ready-to-deploy” Banking-as-a-Service platforms for end-to-end banking operations without the need to build full-scale infrastructures. Therefore, banks must reshape data-driven strategies to stay competitive. This research proposes a decision-support tool to select optimal digital strategies using the Strategic Value Index (SVI), a metric derived from analyzing multiple strategic objectives of bank stakeholders. The SVI minimizes implementation time and costs while maximizing operational action importance to a balanced digital strategy that combines both in-house and outsourced technological developments. The importance of operational action is quantified using evidential reasoning with fuzzy logic to address the challenge of aggregating incomplete and ambiguous banking data and assessments from multiple stakeholders. The theoretical approach is validated through a real application in a Latin American bank, and its findings are globally transferable. Cost and time data were sourced from public repositories, as made available accessible through government-mandated disclosures. The sensitivity analysis revealed that hybrid in-house and outsourced development is more flexible in meeting tight timelines and budget constraints. The combined approach is more cost-effective, time-efficient, and aligned with the internal needs of banks compared to either entirely in-house or fully outsourced models.
What is the impact of biological treatment on sleep quality in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps patients: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Althomaly Danah , Almasoud Mai , Jebakumar Arulanantham Zechariah , Aldilaijan Khalid
Published: November 2024

Background

Sleep disturbance is prevalent in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Although biological treatment has been shown to improve overall patient-reported sinonasal symptoms in CRSwNP, the treatment impact on individual sleep quality remains less explored. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of dupilumab treatment on sleep quality in patients with CRSwNP.

Methods

A single-institutional, retrospective chart review was conducted on adult patients who received biological treatment (dupilumab) for CRSwNP. Patients’ condition was assessed before treatment and 3–12 months after continuous treatment. The assessment included the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22), Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale, Nasal Polyp Score (NPS), as well as perception for anosmia and hyposmia using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for smell. Sleep-related symptoms and treatment outcomes were assessed using the Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI) global score, sleep domain questions within SNOT-22, and sleep-related question in the NOSE scale. Subjects with a PSQI global score of > 5 were considered poor sleepers.

Results

A total of 15 charts were included in this study. There were 12 males (80%) and 3 females (20%). Sixty percent of them were having bronchial asthma. The mean follow-up duration was around 6.7 months. The patients showed significant improvement in nasal assessment using the median values for SNOT-22, NOSE scale, NPS, and VAS for smell (P-value ≤ 0.001). As well, there was a significant improvement in the median scores for global PSQI, sleep domain questions within SNOT-22, and sleep-related question in the NOSE scale (P-value 0.04, < 0.001, and 0.001, respectively). Eight subjects (53.3%) had poor sleep quality before treatment. Four out of them improved from being poor sleepers to good sleepers after using the treatment.

Conclusion

This study indicates that dupilumab is an effective treatment for CRSwNP and it improves sleep quality parameters in some patients.
Behavior of squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa in our institution: a retrospective study
Authors: Mandal Sayan , Sarkar Aniket , Banerjee Rajarshi , Basu Subhranshu , Bose Abhinaba , Samanta Debraj
Published: November 2024

Background

Data suggest that buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignancy in India. In this study, we presented our 5-year clinical experience with oral SCC and examined factors associated with surgical outcomes.

Methods

In this retrospective study, 45 patients diagnosed with SCC of buccal mucosa (January 2013–December 2018) underwent wide local excision (WLE) and neck dissection at our institution. Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT)/chemotherapy (CT) was given. Most were aged 60–69 (44.4%, n = 20), mean age of 58 ± 8.2 years, with a female-to-male ratio of 1.14. Tumor thickness, extracapsular spread (ECS), and survival were analyzed with ≥ 5-year follow-up for different stages.

Results

The data was analyzed revealing that the T1 stage was most common (55.6%, n = 25), followed by T3 and T4 (15.6%, n = 7 each), then T2 (13.3%, n = 6). Smaller tumors had lower grades. Nodal involvement was seen in 44.4% (n = 20), with N2 stage being the most frequent. Larger tumors had a greater propensity for invasion. Survival probability was 71.1%. The T1 stage showed a higher survival rate than other stages. Nodal involvement reduced survival probability (29.5%). ECS with neural and vascular invasion significantly lowered survival (12%). All associations were highly significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Effective locoregional control is crucial for managing buccal mucosa SCC. Supraomohyoid neck dissection is recommended, even for the clinically negative neck with tumor thickness greater than 0.4 cm. Postoperative RT with or without CT, clear margins, and early detection enhance the survival outcomes of the patients.
Cochlear microphonics: a comparison between scalp recording vs. intracanalicular recording procedure using tone-burst and click stimuli
Authors: Varma Gowtham , Eranna Prajwal Kumar , Barman Animesh
Published: November 2024

Background

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of recording cochlear microphonics (CM) using auditory brainstem response (ABR) protocols by comparing them with those obtained using electrocochleography (ECochG) protocols. To achieve this objective, 30 healthy participants aged 15–25 years were recruited. CM recordings were recorded using both ABR and ECochG protocols, utilizing three different stimuli (500-Hz tone burst (10 ms & 18 ms) and a 0.1-ms click), each presented at 100-dB SPL through insert earphones. In the ABR protocol, the non-inverting electrode was placed on the mastoid of the test ear, while in the ECochG protocol, a TipTrode was inserted inside the ear canal. The inverting electrode was placed on the mastoid of the non-test ear, and the ground electrode was positioned on the upper forehead for both protocols. The amplitude and onset latency of the recorded CM were then analyzed.

Results

The study found that CM was detectable in 100% of subjects in both ABR and ECochG protocols when 500-Hz tone bursts were utilized. However, CM was recorded in 86.7% of ears using click stimuli in the ECochG protocol and in 80% of ears using the ABR protocol. The CM amplitude recorded with the ECochG protocol was significantly higher than that recorded with the ABR protocol. Additionally, CM amplitude elicited by tone bursts was significantly higher than that evoked by click stimuli in both protocols. The onset latency of CM evoked by click stimuli showed no significant differences between both protocols. However, the onset latency of CM evoked by 500-Hz tone bursts recorded via the ECochG protocol was significantly earlier compared to that recorded via the ABR protocol.

Conclusion

The findings of the study suggest that the CM could be recorded using the scalp electrode with ABR protocol also, and this could lead to a cost- and time-effective procedure where audiologists can simultaneously record both cochlear potentials and neural responses. Findings also demonstrate that these recordings could be optimized and more reliably detected across subjects using 500-Hz tone bursts. These insights can guide clinical and research applications in auditory diagnostics and assessments.
Impact of graphite nano/microplatelets on the mechanical and durability performance of concrete by incorporating mill scale waste
Authors: Iqra  , Zahid Muhammad
Published: November 2024

Graphite nano/microplatelets (GNMPs), which are part of the tetral family (group 14 elements), exhibit significant potential to enhance the mechanical and durability attributes of concrete due to their multi-functional filler properties. Mill scale waste (MSW), is a residual byproduct of the steel industry that can be used in concrete as a replacement for sand, thereby avoiding pollution and depletion of natural resources of aggregates. Although (GNMPs) enhance some of the mechanical properties of concrete and (MSW) has also impact on concrete properties, no information is available, particularly on the influence of both (GNMPs) and (MSW) in concrete. Therefore, in this research, an innovative concrete was prepared by using varying amounts of GNMPs (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4% by weight of cement) and replacement of sand with MSW (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% by weight of sand). These concrete mixes were tested for properties such as workability, density, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and durability. Tests including bulk water sorption and acid attack resistance were conducted on the concrete specimens. The microstructural analysis of concrete with GNMPs and MSW was carried out through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicated that the addition of (GNMPs) and (MSW) increased concrete density and decreased its slump value when compared to the control mix. The compressive, splitting, tensile, and flexural strengths of the mixes were increased at specified proportions of up to 0.3% GNMPs and 50% MSW content. It also resulted in a reduction of water sorptivity, mass, and compressive strength loss against acid attack. The results demonstrated that MSW and GNMPs can be utilized in concrete for sustainable construction practices.