bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Gum Arabic Supplementation on Growth Performance, Blood Indicators, Immune Response, Cecal Microbiota, and the Duodenal Morphology of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Al-Baadani Hani H. , Alhotan Rashed A. , Al-Abdullatif Abdulaziz A. , Alhidary Ibrahim A. , Alharthi Abdulrahman S. , Al-Mufarrej Saud I. , Al-Garadi Maged A. , Qaid Mohammed M. , Al-Sagan Ahmed A. , Ibrahim Khalid E. , Azzam Mahmoud M.
Published: October 2022

Gum Arabic (GA) belongs to the Fabaceae family and contains indigestible soluble fibers (80–85%) that could be fermented by commensal bacteria to enhance performance, immune response, and intestinal integrity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GA on performance, serum biochemical indicators, microbiota, immune-related gene expression, and histological changes in chickens. Six GA levels (0.0, 0.12, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0%) were allocated using a total of 432 1-day-old male chickens (12 replicates with 6 chickens each). Growth performance was evaluated on days 10 and 24 of age. Blood parameters, organ pH levels, and intestinal health were determined on day 10 of age. Results showed that GA at 0.12% increased weight gain and 0.12 to 1.0% decreased feed intake but was best in feed conversion ratio and production efficiency except for 1.0% on day 1–10 of age. There was an increase in the thymus weight at GA level 0.25 to 0.75%. GA decreased the pH value of the proventriculus (at 0.50 and 1.0%) as well as the duodenum and cecum (at 0.12 and 1.0%). Chickens fed GA between 0.25 to 1.0% had higher protein and HDL, but lower cholesterol, LDL, and creatinine. Globulin was increased at 0.50% GA, while glucose and triglycerides were decreased (at 0.25 and 0.75% GA, respectively). The immune-related gene expression was reduced, except for 0.25% GA, which increased IL-10. Furthermore, chickens fed GA (0.25 to 0.75%) had higher Lactobacillus spp. and lower Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli. When chickens received GA, the villus length and length to crypt ratio were higher, which also improved the integrity of intestinal epithelial cells and early duodenal development. We conclude that using GA (0.25 to 0.75%) as a natural prebiotic positively affects the performance, microbiota, immune response, morphology, and gut health of post-hatched chickens. More studies are needed to determine the potential mechanism of GA on broiler chickens.
Analog Ensemble Forecasting System for Low-Visibility Conditions over the Main Airports of Morocco
Authors: Alaoui Badreddine , Bari Driss , Bergot Thierry , Ghabbar Yamna
Published: October 2022

Low-visibility conditions (LVC) are a common cause of air traffic, road, and sailing fatalities. Forecasting those conditions is an arduous challenge for weather forecasters all over the world. In this work, a new decision support system is developed based on an analog ensemble (AnEn) method to predict LVC over 15 airports of Morocco for 24 forecast hours. Hourly forecasts from the AROME model of eight predictors were used to select the skillful analogs from 2016 to 2018. The verified hourly observations were used as members of the ensemble. The developed ensemble prediction system (EPS) was assessed over 1 year (2019) as a single-value forecast and as a probabilistic forecast. Results analysis shows that AnEn outperforms persistence and its best performances are perceived generally during night and early-morning lead times. From continuous verification analysis, AnEn forecasting errors are found to be location- and lead-time-dependent and become higher for low-visibility cases. AnEn draws an averaged Centered Root Mean Square Error of about 1500 m for all visibilities, 2000 m for fog and 1500 m for mist. As an EPS, AnEn is under-dispersive for all lead times and draws a positive bias for fog and mist events. For probabilistic verification analysis, AnEn visibility forecasts are converted to binary occurrences depending on a set of thresholds from 200 m to 6000 m by a step of 200 m. It is found that the averaged Heidke Skill Score for AnEn is 0.65 for all thresholds. However, AnEn performance generally becomes weaker for fog or mist events prediction.
A Survey on Medical Image Segmentation Based on Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Moorthy Jayashree , Gandhi Usha Devi
Published: October 2022

Deep learning techniques have rapidly become important as a preferred method for evaluating medical image segmentation. This survey analyses different contributions in the deep learning medical field, including the major common issues published in recent years, and also discusses the fundamentals of deep learning concepts applicable to medical image segmentation. The study of deep learning can be applied to image categorization, object recognition, segmentation, registration, and other tasks. First, the basic ideas of deep learning techniques, applications, and frameworks are introduced. Deep learning techniques that operate the ideal applications are briefly explained. This paper indicates that there is a previous experience with different techniques in the class of medical image segmentation. Deep learning has been designed to describe and respond to various challenges in the field of medical image analysis such as low accuracy of image classification, low segmentation resolution, and poor image enhancement. Aiming to solve these present issues and improve the evolution of medical image segmentation challenges, we provide suggestions for future research.
Restoration of the Joint Line Configuration Reproduces Native Mid-Flexion Biomechanics after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Matched-Pair Cadaveric Study
Authors: Kwak Dai-Soon , Kim Yong Deok , Cho Nicole , In Yong , Kim Man Soo , Lim Dohyung , Koh In Jun
Published: October 2022

Background: Recent evidence supports that restoration of the pre-arthritic condition via total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is associated with improved post-TKA performance and patient satisfaction. However, whether the restored pre-arthritic joint line simulates the native mid-flexion biomechanics remains unclear. Objective: We performed a matched-pair cadaveric study to explore whether restoration of the joint line via kinematically aligned (KA) TKA reproduced native knee biomechanics more accurately than the altered joint line associated with mechanically aligned (MA) TKA. Methods: Sixteen fresh-frozen cadaveric knees (eight pairs) were affixed onto a customized knee-squatting simulator for measurement of femoral rollback and medial collateral ligament (MCL) strain during mid-flexion. One knee from each cadaver was randomly designated to the KA TKA group (with the joint line restored to the pre-arthritic condition) and the other to the MA TKA group (with the joint line perpendicular to the mechanical axis). Optical markers were attached to all knees and rollback was analyzed using motion capture cameras. A video extensometer measured real-time variations in MCL strain. The kinematics and MCL strain prior to and following TKA were measured for all specimens. Results: KA TKA was better for restoring the knee kinematics to the native condition than MA TKA. The mid-flexion femoral rollback and axial rotation after KA TKA were consistently comparable to those of the native knee. Meanwhile, those of MA TKA were similar only at ≤40° of flexion. Furthermore, KA TKA better restored the mid-flexion MCL strain to that of the native knee than MA TKA. Over the entire mid-flexion range, the MCL strain of KA TKA and native knees were similar, while the strains of MA TKA knees were more than twice those of native knees at >20° of flexion. Conclusions: The restored joint line after KA TKA effectively reproduced the native mid-flexion rollback and MCL strain, whereas the altered joint line after MA TKA did not. Our findings may explain why patients who undergo KA TKA experience superior outcomes and more natural knee sensations during daily activities than those treated via MA TKA.
Cell Reprogramming for Regeneration and Repair of the Nervous System
Authors: Clark Isaac H. , Roman Alex , Fellows Emily , Radha Swathi , Var Susanna R. , Roushdy Zachary , Borer Samuel M. , Johnson Samantha , Chen Olivia , Borgida Jacob S. , Steevens Aleta , Shetty Anala , Strell Phoebe , Low Walter C. , Grande Andrew W.
Published: October 2022

A persistent barrier to the cure and treatment of neurological diseases is the limited ability of the central and peripheral nervous systems to undergo neuroregeneration and repair. Recent efforts have turned to regeneration of various cell types through cellular reprogramming of native cells as a promising therapy to replenish lost or diminished cell populations in various neurological diseases. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the current viral vectors, genes of interest, and target cellular populations that have been studied, as well as the challenges and future directions of these novel therapies. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which cellular reprogramming could be optimized as treatment in neurological diseases and a review of the most recent cellular reprogramming in vitro and in vivo studies will also be discussed.
Testosterone Serum Levels Are Related to Sperm DNA Fragmentation Index Reduction after FSH Administration in Males with Idiopathic Infertility
Authors: Lispi Monica , Drakopoulos Panagiotis , Spaggiari Giorgia , Caprio Francesca , Colacurci Nicola , Simoni Manuela , Santi Daniele
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Although a robust physiological rationale supports follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) use in male idiopathic infertility, useful biomarkers to evaluate its efficacy are not available. Thus, the primary aim of the study was to evaluate if testosterone serum levels are related to sperm DNA fragmentation (sDF) index change after FSH administration. The secondary aim was to confirm sDF index validity as a biomarker of FSH administration effectiveness in male idiopathic infertility. Methods: A retrospective, post-hoc re-analysis was performed on prospectively collected raw data of clinical trials in which idiopathic infertile men were treated with FSH and both testosterone serum levels and sDF were reported. Results: Three trials were included, accounting for 251 patients. The comprehensive analysis confirmed FSH’s beneficial effect on spermatogenesis detected in each trial. Indeed, an overall significant sDF decrease (p < 0.001) of 20.2% of baseline value was detected. Although sDF resulted to be unrelated to testosterone serum levels at baseline, a significant correlation was highlighted after three months of FSH treatment (p = 0.002). Moreover, testosterone serum levels and patients’ age significantly correlated with sDF (p = 0.006). Dividing the cohort into responders/not responders to FSH treatment according to sDF change, the FSH effectiveness in terms of sDF improvement was related to testosterone and male age (p = 0.003). Conclusion: Exogenous FSH administration in male idiopathic infertility is efficient in reducing sDF basal levels by about 20%. In terms of sDF reduction, 59.2% of the patients treated were FSH-responders. After three months of FSH administration, a significant inverse correlation between sDF and testosterone was detected, suggesting an association between the FSH-administration-related sDF improvement and testosterone serum levels increase. These observations lead to the hypothesis that FSH may promote communications or interactions between Sertoli cells and Leydig cells.
Increased Proximal Wall Shear Stress of Basilar Artery Plaques Associated with Ruptured Fibrous Cap
Authors: Huang Ruiyun , Chen Hongbing , Li Chenghao , Lie Chaowei , Qiu Zhihua , Jiang Yongjun
Published: October 2022

Plaque rupture of the basilar artery is one of the leading causes of posterior circulation stroke. The present study aimed to investigate the role of fluid dynamics in the ruptured fibrous cap of basilar artery plaques. Patients with basilar artery plaques (50–99% stenosis) were screened. Integrity of the fibrous cap was assessed by high-resolution MRI. Computational fluid dynamics models were built based on MR angiography to obtain the wall shear stress and velocity. A total of 176 patients were included. High-resolution MRI identified 35 ruptured fibrous caps of basilar artery plaques. Ruptured fibrous cap was significantly associated with acute infarction (27/35 vs. 96/141, p < 0.05) in the territory of the basilar artery. Proximal wall shear stress of stenosis was positively related with the ruptured fibrous cap (OR 1.564; 95% CI, 1.101–2.222; p = 0.013). The threshold of wall shear stress for the ruptured fibrous cap of basilar artery plaques was 4.84 Pa (Area under ROC 0.732, p = 0.008, 95%CI 0.565–0.899). The present study demonstrated that increased proximal wall shear stress of stenosis was associated with ruptured fibrous caps of basilar artery plaques.
Graphemic and Semantic Pathways of Number–Color Synesthesia: A Dissociation of Conceptual Synesthesia Mechanisms
Authors: Yue Shimeng , Chen Lihan
Published: October 2022

Number–color synesthesia is a condition in which synesthetes perceive numbers with concurrent experience of specific, corresponding colors. It has been proposed that synesthetic association exists primarily between representations of Arabic digit graphemes and colors, and a secondary, semantic connection between numerosity and colors is built via repeated co-activation. However, this distinction between the graphemic and semantic pathways of synesthetic number–color connection has not been empirically tested. The current study aims to dissociate graphemic and semantic aspects of color activations in number–color synesthesia by comparing their time courses. We adopted a synesthetic priming paradigm with varied stimuli onset asynchronies (SOAs). A number (2–6, prime) was presented in one of three notations: digit, dice, or non-canonical dot pattern, and a color patch (target) appeared with an SOA of 0, 100, 300, 400, or 800 ms. Participants reported the color as quickly as possible. Using the congruency effect (i.e., shorter reaction time when target color matched the synesthetic color of number prime) as an index of synesthetic color activation level, we revealed that the effect from the graphemic pathway is quick and relatively persistent, while the effect from the semantic pathway unfolds at a later stage and is more transient. The dissociation between the graphemic and semantic pathways of synesthesia implies further functional distinction within “conceptual synesthesia”, which has been originally discussed as a unitary phenomenon. This distinction has been demonstrated by the differential time courses of synesthetic color activations, and suggested that a presumed, single type of synesthesia could involve multiple mechanisms.
Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) Score and Sarcopenia as Mutually Independent Prognostic Biomarkers in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Une Minami , Ito Masaya , Suzuki Hiroaki , Toide Masahiro , Kobayashi Shuichiro , Fukushima Hiroshi , Koga Fumitaka
Published: October 2022

Background: While the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score and sarcopenia are objective indices of different aspects of a patient’s general condition, few studies have comprehensively examined their mutual relationship in patients with advanced cancer. Methods: This retrospective study included 200 Japanese patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC). Sarcopenia was diagnosed using Prado’s definition. The CONUT score and sarcopenia were examined for their possible association, and their prognostic value was analyzed. Results: The CONUT score and sarcopenia were not significantly associated. While sarcopenia occurred in 168 patients (84%), more than half of them had normal or only slightly impaired nutritional status, as indicated by a CONUT score of 0–2. During follow-up (median: 13.3 months), 149 patients died. The CONUT score and sarcopenia were independent prognostic factors (hazard ratio 1.22 and 2.23, respectively; both p < 0.001), whereas performance status was not. Incorporating the CONUT score, sarcopenia, and both into Bajorin’s and Apolo’s prognostic models increased their concordance index as follows: 0.612 for Bajorin’s original model to 0.653 (+the CONUT score), 0.631 (+sarcopenia), and 0.665 (+both), and 0.634 for Apolo’s original model to 0.655 (+the CONUT score), 0.653 (+ sarcopenia), and 0.668 (+both). Conclusion: The CONUT score and sarcopenia were mutually independent in terms of their prognostic value in patients with aUC. These objective indices of a patient’s general condition may help in decision-making when considering treatment for patients with aUC.
Tumor-Associated Macrophages Promote Metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma via CCL13 Regulated by Stress Granule
Authors: Liu Zhixin , Rui Tao , Lin Zhaoyu , Xie Shule , Zhou Bin , Fu Min , Mai Lianxi , Zhu Chuandong , Wu Guotao , Wang Youyuan
Published: October 2022

M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been a well-established promoter of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression. However, the mechanisms of M2 TAMs promoting OSCC metastasis have not been elucidated clearly. This study illustrated the regulatory mechanisms in which M2 TAMs enhance OSCC malignancy in a novel point of view. In this study, mass spectrometry was utilized to analyze the proteins expression profile of M2 type monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs-M2), whose results revealed the high expression of G3BP1 in M2 macrophages. RNA sequencing analyzed the genome-wide changes upon G3BP1 knockdown in MDMs-M2 and identified that CCL13 was the most significantly downregulated inflammatory cytokines in MDMs-M2. Co-immunoprecipitation and qualitative mass spectrometry were used to identify the proteins that directly interacted with endogenous G3BP1 in MDMs-M2. Elevated stress granule (SG) formation in stressed M2 TAMs enhanced the expression of CCL13, which promoted OSCC metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. For mechanisms, we demonstrated SG formation improved DDX3Y/hnRNPF-mediated CCL13 mRNA stability, thus enhancing CCL13 expression and promoting OSCC metastasis. Collectively, our findings demonstrated for the first time the roles of CCL13 in improving OSCC metastasis and illustrated the molecular mechanisms of CCL13 expression regulated by SG, indicating that the SG-CCL13 axis can be the potential targets for TAM-navigated tumor therapy.
Involvement of HHV-4 (Epstein–Barr Virus) and HHV-5 (Cytomegalovirus) in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Marongiu Luigi , Venturelli Sascha , Allgayer Heike
Published: October 2022

Gastrointestinal diseases (GDs) include colorectal cancer (CRC), gastric cancer (GC), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). CRC and GC are typically diagnosed at later stages of development, reducing patients’ chances of survival. IBD is characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation and is a significant risk factor for the development of CRC. Chronic bacterial infections have been shown to promote some GDs, but the role of viruses in the etiology of these diseases is less clear. The present meta-analysis retrieved literature on the viral prevalence in GD patients, measuring the GD risk in odd ratios. By quantifying the study heterogeneity, the literature bias was fundamentally included in the analysis. The analysis also included 11 metagenomic studies. Our meta-analysis retrieved 11,413 studies, with 196 suitable for analysis. HHV-4 (Epstein–Barr virus) was identified as a significant risk factor for the development of IBD, and HHV-5 (cytomegalovirus) as a risk factor for both CRC and IBD. Polyomaviruses and the Hepatitis B virus were also, less strongly, involved in the risk of CRC and IBD. No relations withstanding the literature bias were identified for GC. The study discusses these findings, as well as the role of other viruses in the etiology of CRC and IBD.
Preparation and Photocatalytic Activities of TiO2-Based Composite Catalysts
Authors: Yang Huaitao , Yang Beibei , Chen Wei , Yang Junjiao
Published: October 2022

While modern industry has contributed to the prosperity of an increasingly urbanized society, it has also led to serious pollution problems, with discharged wastewater and exhaust gases causing significant environmental harm. Titanium dioxide (TiO2), which is an excellent photocatalyst, has received extensive attention because it is inexpensive and able to photocatalytically degrade pollutants in an environmentally friendly manner. TiO2 has many advantages, including high chemical stability, low toxicity, low operating costs, and environmental friendliness. TiO2 is an N-order semiconductor material with a bandgap of 3.2 eV. Only when the wavelength of ultraviolet light is less than or equal to 387.5 nm, the valence band electrons can obtain the energy of the photon and pass through the conduction band to form photoelectrons, meanwhile the valence band forms a photogenerated hole. And light in other wavelength regions does not excite this photogenerated electrons. The most common methods used to improve the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 involve increasing its photoresponse range and reducing photogenerated-carrier coupling. The morphology, size, and structure of a heterojunction can be altered through element doping, leading to improved photocatalytic efficiency. Mainstream methods for preparing TiO2 are reviewed in this paper, with several excellent preparation schemes for improving the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 introduced. TiO2 is mainly prepared using sol-gel, solvothermal, hydrothermal, anodic oxidation, microwave-assisted, CVD and PVD methods, and TiO2 nanoparticles with excellent photocatalytic properties can also be prepared. Ti-containing materials are widely used to purify harmful gases, as well as contaminants from building materials, coatings, and daily necessities. Therefore, the preparation and applications of titanium materials have become globally popular research topics.
IgLON4 Regulates Myogenesis via Promoting Cell Adhesion and Maintaining Myotube Orientation
Authors: Lim Jeong Ho , Ahmad Khurshid , Chun Hee Jin , Hwang Ye Chan , Qadri Afsha Fatima , Ali Shahid , Ahmad Syed Sayeed , Shaikh Sibhghatulla , Choi Jungseok , Kim Jihoe , Jin Jun-O , Kim Myunghee , Han Sung Soo , Choi Inho , Lee Eun Ju
Published: October 2022

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule (IgLON4) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein that has been associated with neuronal growth and connectivity, and its deficiency has been linked to increased fat mass and low muscle mass. Adequate information on IgLON4 is lacking, especially in the context of skeletal muscle. In this study, we report that IgLON4 is profusely expressed in mouse muscles and is intensely localized on the cell membrane. IgLON4 expression was elevated in CTX-injected mouse muscles, which confirmed its role during muscle regeneration, and was abundantly expressed at high concentrations at cell-to-cell adhesion and interaction sites during muscle differentiation. IgLON4 inhibition profoundly affected myotube alignment, and directional analysis confirmed this effect. Additionally, results demonstrating a link between IgLON4 and lipid rafts during myogenic differentiation suggest that IgLON4 promotes differentiation by increasing lipid raft accumulation. These findings support the notion that a well-aligned environment promotes myoblast differentiation. Collectively, IgLON4 plays a novel role in myogenesis and regeneration, facilitates myotube orientation, and is involved in lipid raft accumulation.
Fault Diagnosis Method Based on AUPLMD and RTSMWPE for a Reciprocating Compressor Valve
Authors: Song Meiping , Wang Jindong , Zhao Haiyang , Wang Xulei
Published: October 2022

In order to effectively extract the key feature information hidden in the original vibration signal, this paper proposes a fault feature extraction method combining adaptive uniform phase local mean decomposition (AUPLMD) and refined time-shift multiscale weighted permutation entropy (RTSMWPE). The proposed method focuses on two aspects: solving the serious modal aliasing problem of local mean decomposition (LMD) and the dependence of permutation entropy on the length of the original time series. First, by adding a sine wave with a uniform phase as a masking signal, adaptively selecting the amplitude of the added sine wave, the optimal decomposition result is screened by the orthogonality and the signal is reconstructed based on the kurtosis value to remove the signal noise. Secondly, in the RTSMWPE method, the fault feature extraction is realized by considering the signal amplitude information and replacing the traditional coarse-grained multi-scale method with a time-shifted multi-scale method. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the analysis of the experimental data of the reciprocating compressor valve; the analysis results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Verification and Validation of Model-Scale Turbine Performance and Control Strategies for the IEA Wind 15 MW Reference Wind Turbine
Authors: Mendoza Nicole , Robertson Amy , Wright Alan , Jonkman Jason , Wang Lu , Bergua Roger , Ngo Tri , Das Tuhin , Odeh Mohammad , Mohsin Kazi , Flavia Francesc Fabregas , Child Benjamin , Bangga Galih , Fowler Matthew , Goupee Andrew , Kimball Richard , Lenfest Eben , Viselli Anthony
Published: October 2022

To enable the fast growth of the floating offshore wind industry, simulation models must be validated with experimental data. Floating wind model-scale experiments in wind–wave facilities have been performed over the last two decades with varying levels of fidelity and limitations. However, the turbine controls in these experiments have considered only limited control strategies and implementations. To allow for control co-design, this research focuses on implementing and experimentally validating more advanced turbine control actions and strategies in a wind–wave basin for a 1:70-scale model of the International Energy Agency’s wind 15 MW reference wind turbine. The control strategies analyzed include torque control, collective pitch control, and transition region control (setpoint smoothing). Our experimental and numerical results include the effects of varying rotor speeds, blade pitches, and wind environments on the turbine thrust and torque. Numerical models from three different software tools are presented and compared to the experimental results. Their ability to effectively represent the aero-dynamic response of the wind turbine to the control actions is successfully validated. Finally, turbine controller tuning parameters based on the derivatives of thrust and torque are derived to allow for improved offshore wind turbine dynamics and to validate the ability of modeling tools to model the dynamics of floating offshore wind turbines with control co-design.
High-Resolution Seismic Characterization of Gas Hydrate Reservoir Using Wave-Equation-Based Inversion
Authors: Shao Jie , Wang Yibo , Wang Yanfei , Yan Hongyong
Published: October 2022

The high-resolution seismic characterization of gas hydrate reservoirs plays an important role in the detection and exploration of gas hydrate. The conventional AVO (amplitude variation with offset) method is based on a linearized Zoeppritz equation and utilizes only the reflected wave for inversion. This reduces the accuracy and resolution of the inversion properties and results in incorrect reservoir interpretation. We have studied a high-resolution wave-equation-based inversion method for gas hydrate reservoirs. The inversion depends on the scattering integral wave equation that describes a nonlinear relationship between the seismic wavefield and the elastic properties of the subsurface medium. In addition to the reflected wave, it considers more wavefields including the multiple scattering and transmission during inversion to improve the subsurface illumination, so as to enhance the accuracy and resolution of the inversion properties. The results of synthetic data from Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea, demonstrate the validity and advantages of the wave-equation-based inversion method. It can effectively improve the resolution of inversion results compared to the conventional AVO method. In addition, it has good performance in the presence of noise, which makes it a promising method for field data.
Biochar as Cement Replacement to Enhance Concrete Composite Properties: A Review
Authors: Aman Aan Mohammad Nusrat , Selvarajoo Anurita , Lau Teck Leong , Chen Wei-Hsin
Published: October 2022

In recent years, concrete has been accessible and economical in the construction industry, resulting in high demand for its components. Cement is known for its negative impact on the environment, which has led researchers to investigate alternative supplementary materials. Recently, biochar has been proposed as a replacement to cement in small amounts, with an optimum amount of 0.08–5, resulting in increased strength and enhancement of other properties of concrete composites. The biochar production process and its components are more economical and environmentally friendly than that of cement. In this review, we focus on research highlighting the properties of biochar that aid in the enhancement of biochar mortar and concrete composite properties. We explore properties of biochar such as water absorption, as well as compressive, flexural and tensile strength. Progress has been made in research on biochar concrete composites; however, additional investigations are required with respect to its carbon-sequestering abilities and life cycle assessment for its production process.
Identifying Socioeconomic Determinants of Households’ Forest Dependence in the Rubi-Tele Hunting Domain, DR Congo: A Logistic Regression Analysis
Authors: Mendako Richard K. , Tian Gang , Matata Patrick M.
Published: October 2022

Rural households depend on forest resources for cash and subsistence needs. Thus, forests represent a valuable natural capital for the rural economy, particularly in developing countries. However, depending on various factors, there are dissimilarities in the rural livelihoods’ reliance on forests. Therefore, this study attempted to determine and characterize the level of forest dependence and identify the demographic and socioeconomic factors influencing the households’ dependence on forests in the Rubi-Tele Hunting Domain (RTHD)/Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo). Demographic and socioeconomic data of forest dependents and other qualitative information were collected through structured household-level surveys, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Descriptive statistical analysis, Kruskal–Wallis Test, χ2 test of independence, and binary logistic regression model were used for data analysis. The findings revealed that the forest dependence index varied from 0.01 to 1 (Mean = 0.46, SD = 0.30). The distribution of forest-dependent households by wealth status (income tercile) and level of forest dependence differs significantly. Logistic regression revealed that household size and non-forest income were significant determinants of forest dependence and had the theoretically expected signs. The household size was in a positive association with forest dependence. Large families tended to depend more on forest resources. On the other hand, the non-forest income was inversely related to forest dependence, implying that forest-dependent households with non-forest income sources were less dependent on forest resources extraction. Other selected variables were not statistically significant while showing positive and negative associations with the reliance on forests. Achieving the balance between forest dependence and conservation requires promoting incentive policies to diversify livelihood opportunities and environmental education.
Net Carbon Balance between Priming and Replenishment of Soil Organic Carbon with Biochar Addition Regulated by N Addition Differing in Contrasting Forest Ecosystems
Authors: Sun Zhaolin , Wang Qingkui , Zhu Yifan
Published: October 2022

The replenishment and priming effect (PE) are two decisive processes that determine the carbon (C) sequestration potential of biochar. However, how increased nitrogen (N) availability affect these two processes and the consequent net C balance remains poorly understood. By collecting soils from three forest ecosystems (deciduous broad-leaf forest (DBF), evergreen coniferous forest (ECF), and evergreen broad-leaf forest (EBF)), we conducted a 365-day incubation experiment by adding 13C-labelled biochar plus five rates of inorganic N (0 to 15% N of soil total N). The -results showed that N addition significantly stimulated the early period (0–48 days) but did not affect the late period (49–365 days) of biochar decomposition. The effect of N addition on PE varied largely with the forest type and decomposition period; N addition significantly enhanced the negative PE -in both periods in DBF and at the late period in EBF, whereas it stimulated positive PE in the early period in EBF and ECF. At the end of incubation, the addition of biochar caused net C accumulation across all treatments due to the huge proportion of biochar (98.1%–98.9% of added biochar) retained in soils and the negative or neutral cumulative PE (−11.25–0.35 g C kg−1 SOC), and the magnitude of net C balance increased linearly with the N addition rate in DBF and EBF. Collectively, the results of this study indicate that biochar input can contribute to soil C sequestration and that N addition can enhance the C sequestration potential of biochar.
Quantitative Anatomical Characteristics of Virgin Cork in Quercus variabilis Grown in Korea
Authors: Prasetia Denni , Purusatama Byantara Darsan , Kim Jong-Ho , Yang Go-Un , Jang Jae-Hyuk , Park Se-Yeong , Lee Seung-Hwan , Kim Nam-Hun
Published: October 2022

The quantitative anatomical characteristics of Quercus variabilis virgin cork grown in Korea were observed by scanning electron microscopy and compared with Quercus suber reproduction cork from Portugal to obtain basic data for further utilization of domestic cork resources in Korean cork industries. Q. variabilis virgin cork showed a smaller growth ring width and higher latecork percentage than Q. suber reproduction cork. Q. variabilis showed a smaller proportion of cork cells and a higher proportion of lenticular channels than Q. suber, whereas sclereid and dark-brown zones were found only in Q. variabilis. The frequency of pentagonal cork cells in the transverse and radial sections was higher in the cork of Q. suber than in Q. variabilis. In the tangential section, Q. variabilis displayed a lower frequency of heptagonal cells and a higher frequency of pentagonal cells than Q. suber.Q. variabilis cork had a smaller cell width, lumen diameter, cell wall thickness, prism base edge and area, total cell volume, and solid volume of the cell wall than Q. suber cork. The fractional solid volume and number of cells per cm3 were higher in Q. variabilis than Q. suber.
Hydrogel on a Smart Nanomaterial Interface to Carry Therapeutics for Digitalized Glioma Treatment
Authors: Zhao Xinyi , Javed Bilal , Tian Furong , Liu Kangze
Published: October 2022

Glioma is considered the primary brain tumor to cause brain illnesses, and it is difficult to treat and shows resistance to various routine therapeutics. The most common treatments to cure glioma are the surgical removal of tumors followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The latest biocompatible interfaces have been incorporated into therapeutic modalities such as the targeted delivery of drugs using hydrogels to treat and manage brain glioma. This review illustrates the applications of the multimodal hydrogel as the carrier of therapeutics, gene therapy, therapeutic tactics, and glioma devices. The scientific articles were retrieved from 2019 to 2022 on Google Scholar and the Scopus database and screened to determine whether they were suitable for review. The 20 articles that fit the study are summarized in this review. These studies indicated that the sizes of the hydrogel range from 28 nm to 500 nm. There are 16 out of 20 articles that also explain the post-surgical application of hydrogels, and 13 out of 20 articles are employed in 3D culture and other structural manifestations of hydrogels. The pros of the hydrogel include the quick formulation for a sufficient filling of irregular damage sites, solubilizing hydrophobic drugs, continuously slowing drug release, provision of a 3D cell growth environment, improving efficacy, targetability of soluble biomolecules, increasing patient compliance, and decreased side effects. The cons of the hydrogel include difficult real-time monitoring, genetic manipulations, the cumbersome synchronized release of components, and lack of safety data. The prospects of the hydrogel may include the development of electronic hydrogel sensors that can be used to enhance guidance for the precise targeting patterns using patient-specific pathological idiosyncrasies. This technology has the potential to revolutionize the precision medicine approaches that would aid in the early detection and management of solid brain tumors.
Psychophysical Risk Perceptions and Sleep Quality of Medical Assistance Team Members in Square Cabin Hospitals: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yin Qianlan , Shao Xiaoqin , Zhang Rong , Fan Jiemei , Dong Wei , Deng Guanghui
Published: October 2022

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between the perceptions of psychophysical risks and sleep quality of Medical Assistance Team Members (MATMs) in Square Cabin Hospitals. Methods: Repeated cross-sectional data collection was conducted in Square Cabin Hospitals during two large-scale lockdowns. The first wave was sampled from MATMs dispatched to Wuhan and the second was from MATMs dispatched to Shanghai. Participants completed online questionnaires comprised of the Risk Perception Questionnaire (RPQ), Positive and negative emotions scale (PANAS), and Sleep Quality Scale (SQS), measuring the psychophysical risk perceptions about the MATMs’ current work, emotional states, and sleep quality. Changes across two waves of data collection were statistically parsed using the exploratory factor analysis and regression models. Results: Data of 220 participants from first-wave samples [S1] and 300 from second-wave samples [S2] were analyzed. Participants reported more worries about physical risks, such as inadequate protection methods and being infected, and S1 rated higher on all risks compared with S2 (as the biggest p-value was 0.021). Across the different situations, the dominant emotional states of MATMs were positive; a higher level of psychophysical risk perceptions, negative emotional states, and poor sleep quality were consistently interrelated. The psychophysical risk perceptions predicted sleep quality. Negative emotions as a state variable intensified the relationship between physical risk perceptions and sleep quality (bindirect effect = 1.084, bootstrapped CI = [0.705, 1.487]). Conclusions: The results provide important evidence that MATMs’ higher level of psychophysical risk perceptions associated with negative emotions could indicate worse sleep quality.
Changes of Coagulation and Fibrinolytic Status Detected by Thromboelastography (TEG6s®) in Pregnancy, Labor, Early Postpartum, Postpartum Hemorrhage and Heparin Treatment for Perinatal Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Suemitsu Chiharu , Fudaba Megumi , Kitada Kohei , Kurihara Yasushi , Tahara Mie , Hamuro Akihiro , Misugi Takuya , Nakano Akemi , Koyama Masayasu , Tachibana Daisuke
Published: October 2022

The aims of this study are to evaluate coagulation and fibrinolytic features using TEG6s® in normal pregnant courses, in the early postpartum period and in cases with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) caused by uterine atony. We also analyze cases with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) under treatment with unfractionated heparin. The non-pregnant women (n = 13) and healthy pregnant women (at 9–13 weeks of gestation (n = 13), at 27–30 weeks of gestation (n = 14), at 35–38 weeks of gestation (n = 14)) were cross-sectionally studied, while the normal pregnant women at delivery (n = 14) were sequentially investigated. Blood samples from those patients with PPH (n = 15) and DVT and/or PE (n = 11) were also obtained and compared with those of normal women. Significant changes of clot formation parameters were observed in all parameters and, interestingly, fibrinolytic parameter (LY30) was maintained at a low value even within 120 min after placental delivery (median of LY30; 0) and also in cases with uterine atony (median of LY30; 0.1). The parameter that indicates the effectiveness of heparin showed strong correlation (R = 0.788) with activated partial thromboplastin time. Thromboelastography may be less sensitive to fibrinolysis in the conditions of uterine atonic bleeding.
Comparison of Long-Term Complications of COVID-19 Illness among a Diverse Sample of Children by MIS-C Status
Authors: Messiah Sarah E. , Xie Luyu , Mathew M. Sunil , Shaikh Sumbul , Veeraswamy Apurva , Rabi Angela , Francis Jackson , Lozano Alejandra , Ronquillo Clarissa , Sanchez Valeria , He Weiheng , Weerakoon Sitara M. , Srikanth Nimisha , Borel Madeline , Kapera Olivia , Kahn Jeffrey
Published: October 2022

Most pediatric COVID-19 cases are asymptomatic; however, a small number of children are diagnosed with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a rare but severe condition that is associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Persistent symptoms of COVID-19 illness in children diagnosed with/without MIS-C is largely unknown. A retrospective EHR review of patients with COVID-19 illness from one pediatric healthcare system to assess the presence of acute (<30 days) and chronic (≥30, 60–120, and >120 days) long-term COVID symptoms was conducted. Patients/caregivers completed a follow-up survey from March 2021 to January 2022 to assess the presence of long COVID. Results showed that non-MIS-C children (n = 286; 54.49% Hispanic; 19.23% non-Hispanic Black; 5.77% other ethnicity; 79.49% government insurance) were younger (mean age 6.43 years [SD 5.95]) versus MIS-C (n = 26) children (mean age 9.08 years, [SD 4.86]) (p = 0.032). A share of 11.5% of children with MIS-C and 37.8% without MIS-C reported acute long COVID while 26.9% and 15.3% reported chronic long COVID, respectively. Females were almost twice as likely to report long symptoms versus males and those with private insurance were 66% less likely to report long symptoms versus those with government insurance. In conclusion, a substantial proportion of ethnically diverse children from low resource backgrounds with severe COVID illness are reporting long-term impacts. Findings can inform pediatric professionals about this vulnerable population in post-COVID-19 recovery efforts.
Disinhibited Eating and Executive Functioning in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shields Clarissa V. , Hultstrand Kara V. , West Caroline E. , Gunstad John J. , Sato Amy F.
Published: October 2022

A growing body of research suggests disinhibited eating and weaker executive function (EF) are two risk factors for pediatric obesity. Emerging brain imaging and behavioral findings support the notion that EF skills impact eating regulation. However, a major gap in the current literature is a synthesis of the association between various EF skills and disinhibited eating patterns across child development. To address this gap, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effect of EF skills on disinhibited eating behaviors among youth ages 3–18 years old. PubMed and PsychINFO databases were utilized and data from 15 studies with a total sample of 4909 youth were included. A random effects meta-analysis revealed a small negative effect of overall EF skills on disinhibited eating behavior, r = −0.14, p < 0.01. Analysis of individual EF skills found working memory had an overall medium negative effect on disinhibited eating behavior, r = −0.25, p < 0.05. Taken together, findings from this meta-analysis support an inverse relationship between EF abilities and disinhibited eating patterns in children and adolescents, such that poorer EF abilities are associated with higher levels of disinhibited eating. Given the effect on eating behavior, future research is needed to assess whether EF difficulties may be a barrier to effective weight management in youth. Specifically, research is needed to examine whether EF skills may be a key target to consider for effective obesity prevention and treatment in children and adolescents.
Post-Mortem Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Explanted Heart of Patients with Sudden Death
Authors: Aquaro Giovanni , Guidi Benedetta , Emdin Michele , Pucci Angela , Chiti Enrica , Santurro Alessandro , Scopetti Matteo , Biondi Federico , Maiese Aniello , Turillazzi Emanuela , Camastra Giovanni , Faggioni Lorenzo , Cioni Dania , Fineschi Vittorio , Neri Emanuele , Di Paolo Marco
Published: October 2022

Background: We sought to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of post-mortem cardiac magnetic resonance (PMCMR) of explanted hearts to detect the cardiac causes of sudden death. Methods: PMCMR was performed in formalin-fixed explanted hearts of 115 cases of sudden death. Histological sampling of myocardium was performed using two different approaches: (1) guideline-based sampling; (2) guideline-based plus PMCMR-driven sampling. Results: Forensic diagnosis of cardiac cause of death was ascertained in 72 (63%) patients. When the guideline-driven histological sampling was used, the PMCMR interpretation matched with final forensic diagnosis in 93 out of 115 cases (81%) with sensitivity of 88% (79–95%), specificity of 65% (47–80%), PPV of 84% (78–90%), NPV of 73% (58–84%), accuracy of 81% (72–88%), and AUC of 0.77 (0.68–0.84). When a PMCMR-driven approach was added to the guideline-based one, the matching increased to 102 (89%) cases with a PMCMR sensitivity of 89% (80–94%), a specificity of 86% (67–96%), PPV of 95% (89–98%), NPV of 73% (59–83%), accuracy of 89% (81–93%), and AUC of 0.88 (0.80–0.93). Conclusions: PMCMR has high accuracy to identify the cardiac cause of sudden death and may be considered a valid auxilium for forensic diagnosis. PMCMR could improve histological diagnosis in conditions with focal myocardial involvement or demonstrating signs of myocardial ischemia.
Pain in the Cervical and Lumbar Spine as a Result of High G-Force Values in Military Pilots—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mastalerz Andrzej , Maruszyńska Inga , Kowalczuk Krzysztof , Garbacz Aleksandra , Maculewicz Ewelina
Published: October 2022

Neck pain and lower back pain are commonly reported by military pilots. That is why the answers to the following questions are important: (1) which part of the back (neck or lumbar spine) is more likely to be painful in military pilots as a result of high G-force, and (2) what intervention methods do pilots use as countermeasures for back pain resulting from high G-force? To answer these questions, the literature was searched in the following online databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, and Embase. A meta-analysis of eleven studies on pain in the neck–spine in fighter pilots vs. transport pilots showed pooled pulled OR = 1.69 (95% CI 1.25 to 2.29, I2 = 32%, p-value = 0.21); this outcome is consistent with most of the published results. A meta-analysis of five studies on pain in the lumbar spine (lower back) did not show a difference between fighter pilots vs. transport pilots with OR = 1 (95% CI 0.83 to 1.19, I2 = 0%, p-value = 0.96). The meta-analysis showed that of the two spinal segments evaluated, it was the cervical spine that showed more soreness in tactical fighter pilots. Prevention of lumbar and neck injuries should be combined with individual lumbar and neck support, as well as increasing back muscle strength through training.