bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRODUCTIVITY OF DIATOMS IN CULTURE AND IN MARINE HABITATS
Authors: Werner Dietrich , Roth Richard
Published: August 2018

The diatom dominated phytoplankton net primary production in different areas of the ocean (from 100-1000 mg C. m-2. day-1) and in estuaries (up to 2000 mg C. m-2. day-1) is compared with the maximum productivity of marine diatoms in culture (50 g C . m-2 . day-1) for Cyclotella cryptica (Centrales, Diatomeae) and 1000 mg C . m-2. day-1 for Coscinodiscus asteromphalus (Centrales, Diatomeae). The rate of C-assimilation as a measure of primary production is critically discussed in relation to the different factors regulating the reproduction of cells and the production of organic material. The evaluation of another parameter for primary production: light dependent protein synthesis (LPS) is proposed, which brings reproduction of phytoplankton cells and the production of organic material closer together. As an example of the requirement for more information about the potential growth and production rate of diatom species, some results on the cultivation of the tropical shallow water diatom Bellerochea yucatanensis V. STOSCH (Centrales, Diatomeae) are presented. At 30 C this species has a specific growth rate (µ max) of = 4.4 divisions per day and 4 divisions per day at 34°C with an average cell size of 34 x 26 ? m. The temperature range of this species is from 12°C (µ = 0.3) to 35°C (µ = 2).
SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF CERTAIN MAJOR ZOOPLANKTON GROUPS AROUND PANGGANG ISLAND, NORTH-WEST OFF JAKARTA
Authors: Arinardi O. H.
Published: August 2018

Seasonal and annual variations of the composition of zooplankton in the water around Panggang Island were studied from May 1971 to April 1973. Temperature and salinity of the water and the abundance of zooplankton were assumed to be affected by the monsoon. It was usually found that the abundance of zooplankton in this area coincided with or occurred after the heavy rainfall. The occurrence of many zooplankton groups in each season did not greatly change, but the intensity of total number were vary in certain groups. The pattern of the annual variation of the zooplankton number was nearly regular in the two years of investigations. The major groups of zooplankton observed during this   investigations were also discussed. In general the zooplankton of the water of Panggang Island were typically neritic.  Some bigger species of copepods were even less than in the Java  Sea.
The Triumph of Ruler: Islam and Statecraft in Pre-Colonial Malay-Archipelago
Authors: Burhanudin Jajat
Published: August 2018

Taking pre-colonial period as the subject of study, this article argues that Islam is part of Malay culture and politics. Islam strongly engaged in the formation of Malay kingdoms, mingled with maritime commerce, and contributed to the formulation of Malay ideas of power and political management. Yet, it should be noted that the important role of Islam is to be explained by the fact that the religion gave emphasis to the idea of omnipotent ruler (raja), as was expressed in the Islamized language of politics, such as khalifa (vicegerent) and zill Allah fi al-alam (the shadow of Allah on earth). It was the ruler, with Islamic honorific titles and attributes, which appeared as the most determinant actor in the statecraft of kingdoms. Being as such, Islam could not be conceived of as an evaluation for rulers’ political conduct. Instead, Islam served as a religious justification for the rise of the absolutist kingdom of the archipelago, which culminated in the kingdom of Aceh in the seventeenth century.The ruler had paramount position over the subjects (rakyat) and the economic elites (orang kaya). [Artikel ini menjelaskan bahwa pada periode pra-kolonial, Islam merupakan bagian dari kebudayaan dan politik Melayu. Islam sangat berpengaruh dalam struktur kerajaan Melayu, campur tangan perdagangan laut, dan berperan dalam pembentukan konsep kekuasaan kerajaan Melayu dan manajemen politiknya. Tetapi perlu digarisbawahi bahwa peran penting Islam secara faktual adalah agama memberikan penekanan pada konsep raja yang dalam bahasa Islam politik disebut dengan khalifa dan zill Allah fi al-alam (wakil Tuhan di bumi). Sang raja, sebagaimana gelar dalam Islam, merupakan tokoh yang paling berkuasa dalam pemerintahan sebuah kerajaan. Sebagaimana yang terjadi, Islam tidak dapat diterima begitu saja sebagai koreksi terhadap perilaku politik sang raja. Alih – alih Islam justru menjadi justifikasi agama untuk kekuasaan mutlak raja, dimana puncaknya terjadi pada Kerajaan Aceh abad 17. Raja mempunyai kedudukan paling atas melampaui rakyat dan kaum borjuis.]
Kinetic Study of Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Palladium Nanoparticles Supported in Thermally Treated Carbon
Authors: Huerta R. Gonzalez , Puente P. Gonzalez , Feria O. Solorza
Published: August 2018

The kinetic study of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) using palladium nanoparticles supported in thermally-treated Vulcan® carbon as an electrocatalyst was developed in a 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. The Vulcan® carbon was thermally treated at 400oC and 600°C. The Pd supported in thermally treated carbon (Pd/TTC) was synthesized by PdCl2 reduction with NaBH4 in water at 60°C. The thermally treated carbon (TTC) was evaluated by Raman spectroscopy, whereas the morphology of Pd/TTC was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical activity was studied by rotating disk electrode (RDE) and rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) techniques. The RDE result showed a high activity of the Pd/TTC towards the ORR, this reaction proceeds preferentially via a 4e- pathway. On the other hand, the hydrogen peroxide productions were 4.6% and 6.6% for Pd/(TTC at 400°C) and 600°C, respectively.
A Mathematical Model for Her Reaction to Determine Different Pt loads on Pt/C Electrodes
Authors: Ortega-Chavez L. , Herrera-Peraza E. , Verde-Gomez Y.
Published: August 2018

In the preparation of electrodes Pt / C, one of the highlights is its characterization, particularly the possibility of determining the effective charge of platinum available to carry out a reaction by a nondestructive technique. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a technique that provides high precision measurements, producing a stable response without significantly altering the system under study. This paper proposes the use of a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) mathematical model, validated by experimental data obtained from the implementation of the EIS technique to electrodes with different Platinum loads, in a wide range of frequencies and five different overpotentials. The model takes into account the kinetic, diffusive and adsorption aspects, and also allows to obtain the rate constants for each step of the HER reaction in each of the electrodes used. Although this methodology was used only for Pt/C electrodes suggests a much broader application that extends to any metal electrodes that are capable of evolving hydrogen, with minimal modifications for each particular case.
BiFeO3 as Electrode Material for Lithium Batteries
Authors: Shihai Luo , Mei Gao , Jun Chen , Xianran Xing , Zhong Li , Xingtai Zhou , Wen Wen
Published: August 2018

BiFeO3 was studied as electrode material for lithium battery applications. The voltage profile of BiFeO3 vs Li battery displays three discharge plateaus around 1.3, 0.7 and 0.4 V (vs Li/Li+) and the first discharge capacity is about 1000 mAh/g, with a cutoff voltage of 0.05 V. If the cutoff voltage is limited to 0.7 V, much better capacity retention is achieved. The structural changes of BiFeO3 during electrochemical cycling process were investigated using synchrotron-based in situ XRD and XANES. Lithium ions were inserted into BiFeO3 during the discharge process. The whiteline of Bi LIII-edge XANES spectra gradually decreased during the discharge process with their LIII edge position concomitantly shifted towards lower energy position. However, the Fe K-edge XANES spectrum of the fully discharged product is similar to that of the pristine one and displays no shifts. This indicates that Bi ions are responsible for charge transfer during the electrochemical cycling process. The reduction of Bi3+ to Bi0 as the gradual insertion of Li ions, is a three-step reduction process. Li2Bi alloy formation was observed at the end of the discharge process, which is not fully reversible towards lithium intercalation/extraction and decomposes to metallic Bi.
A New Electrochemical Biosensor of Host-guest Recognition Mode for DNA Hybridization Detection
Authors: Zhao Hui , Fan Hao , Ceng Jinxiang , Li Qianggen , Lin Yan , Wang Xiaoyun
Published: August 2018

This paper reports on an electrochemical biosensor to detect the hybridization specificity by using host-guest recognition technique. A hairpin DNA with a dabcyl molecule which is typical guest molecule to b-Cyclodextrins (b-CD) at the 3’-terminus and a NH2 linked at the 5’-terminus as the probe DNA. The probe DNA was immobilized on the PdS nanoparticle to construct a double-labeled probe (DLP) and could selectively hybridize with its target DNA. A b-CD modified Poly(N-acetylaniline) glassy carbon electrode was used for capturing dabcyl in DLP. Without binding with target DNA, the DLP keep stem-loop structure and block dabcyl enter into the cavity of b-CD on electrode. However, a target-binding DLP is incorporated into double stranded DNA, causing loop-stem structure opened and dabcy l could be easy captured by b-CD which brought DLP on electrode surface. With electrochemical measurement, the signal come from Pd2+ be used for target DNA quantitative analysis.
Evaluation of the Corrosion Resistance of Fe40Al60 Intermetallics in Molten Carbonate (Li+K)
Authors: Pedroza G. , Martinez-Villafane A. , Espinoza-Medina M. A. , Rivera M. A. , Sebastian P. J.
Published: August 2018

Alloys of the intermetallic material based on Fe40Al60 and the alloys formed with addition of Ag constitute a new alternative to improve the problems of corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity. The electrochemical characterization was employed to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the materials for being used as bipolar plates in molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC). These characterizations were done under similar conditions as the working environment of the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC). The working environment of the standard molten carbonate fuel cell was simulated by the use of molten salts of 62 mol.% Li2CO3 and 38 mol.% K2CO3 at the temperature of 650 ºC. Alloys included Fe40Al60 with additions of 1, 3 and 5 weight % of Ag. The results obtained indicate that this material is promising for its use as bipolar plates in MCFC.
Electrodeposition of CdSe Thin Films from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Mahalingam T. , Dhanasekaran V. , Rajendran S. , Ravi G. , Eapen D.
Published: August 2018

CdSe thin film was electrodeposited from an aqueous solution of CdSO4 and H2SeO3 at 75oC on indium tin oxide (ITO)-covered glass substrates. The deposition films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive analysis by X-rays (EDAX), photoluminescence (PL) and UV spectrometry, respectively. XRD analysis shows that the films are exhibit in polycrystalline nature with hexagonal structure. The various mircrostructural parameters such as crystallite size, micro strain, dislocation density and texture coefficient were calculated. SEM study shows that the total substrate surface is well covered by uniformly distributed spherical shaped grains with stoichiometry compositions. Optical transmittance study shows the presence of direct transition with band gap energy 1.75 eV. A Photoluminescence spectrum of films was recorded and the results are discussed.
Electrochemical Properties of 4-[(Anthracen -9-ylmethylene)-amino]-1, 5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one at a Platinum Electrode in Acetonitrile Solvent
Authors: Asiri Abdullah M. , El-Hallag Ibrahim S. , El-Hallag Ibrahim S. , Al-Youbi A.O. , Alamry Khalid A. , Khan Salman A.
Published: August 2018

The electrochemical properties of 4-[(anthracen -9-ylmethylene)-amino]-1, 5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one have been carried out using cyclic voltammetry and convolution - deconvolution voltammetry combined with digital simulation technique at a platinum electrode in 0.1 mol/L tetraethyl ammonium chloride (TEACl) in solvent acetonitrile (CH3CN). In switching the potential to positive scan, the compound was oxidized by loss of one electron forming radical cataion followed by fast chemical step and the radical cation loss another two electrons producing trication which followed by chemical reaction (ECEEC). The investigated compound was reduced via consumption of two consecutive electrons to form radical anion followed by fast chemical step and the radical anion gain another electron to form dianion followed by chemical step (ECEC mechanism). The electrode reaction pathway and the chemical and electrochemical parameters of the investigated compound were determined using cyclic voltammetry, convolutive voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The Electrochemical data such as a, ks, Eo , D, and kc of the investigated pyrazole derivative were evaluated expeimentally and verified via digital simulation technique Electrochemical behaviour of the pyrazole compound under consideration was presented and discussed.
Nanostructured Pt/WOx-C Solids as Electrocatalyst for PEMFC
Authors: Hernández-Pichardo M.L. , González-Huerta R.G. , Del Angel P. , Palacios-González E. , Paredes-Carrera S.P.
Published: August 2018

Platinum nanoparticles supported on high surface area carbon black (e.g., Vulcan XC-72) are the most commonly used catalysts for both cathode and anode in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), however, some other catalysts such as Pt/MoOx and Pt/WOx are also considered promising, due to their higher activity, stability and enhanced CO tolerance. This work is focused on the synthesis and characterization of nanostructured Pt/WOx-C as both cathode and anode electrocatalysts for PEMFCs. The Pt deposit on the surface of the support is a crucial step in the synthesis of the catalytic materials. Because of this, different synthesis methods were probed in order to find the conditions for the higher dispersion and accessibility of Platinum over the WOx-C support and to improve the PEMFC cathode stability. The catalysts were prepared by UV and ultrasound assisted approaches, and characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy as well as lineal and cyclic voltammetry.
Surface Characteristics of Ti/IrO2 Anode Material and its Electrocatalytic Properties for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Degradation in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Yaqub Asim , Isa Mohamed Hasnain , Kutty Shamsul Rahman Mohamed , Ajab Huma
Published: August 2018

In this study, electrochemical degradation of 16 priority PAHs was examined using Ti/IrO2 anode. Iridium dioxide (IrO2) was coated by thermal decomposition of appropriate precursor solution on surface of titanium plate. Surface morphology of coated surface was observed by FESEM and XRD analysis. All electrochemical experiments were conducted using synthetic solution of PAHs in a batch cell under galvanostatic condition. GC-MS was used to quantify PAHs concentration. Electrochemical oxidation results reveal significant degradation of PAHs at Ti/IrO2 surface. Total PAHs removal was about 97 % at all studied initial pH values 3, 6 and 9 in the presence of electrolyte. Crystalline surface of Ti/IrO2 anode exhibited good electrocatalytic properties towards PAHs degradation.
Microstructure Properties of ZnO/ Indium Tin Oxide and ZnO/CuInSe2 grown by Electrochemical Deposition
Authors: Chen Hsiang , Yeh Yih-Min , Chen Yun Ti , Chen Chian You , Wang Sheng-Hsin , Chu Li-Chen , Ueng Ren Guei , Yu Hsi-Wen , Huang Sheng-Ting
Published: August 2018

In this research, we grew a ZnO film as a buffer layer on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates and CuInSe2/ITO (CIS/ITO) substrates by electrochemical deposition. To examine material quality of ZnO films, multiple material and optical analyses including scanning electron microscope images, electron probe microanalyzer images, UV-VIS, and x-ray diffraction were conducted. The results indicate that an appropriate amount of H2O2 might enhance the growth of ZnO films on the ITO substrate. Furthermore, triethanolamine addition might suppress the reaction between KCl and the CIS substrate to enhance the growth of the ZnO film on the CIS substrate. The ZnO/CIS structure may replace the toxic CdS/CIS structure for the further development for the CIS solar cell.
Effect of Nanochitosan on Structural, Thermal and Electrochemical Properties of Poly Ether Based Polymer Electrolytes Complexed with Lithium Bis(Trifluoromethanesulfonyl Imide)
Authors: Karuppasamy Karuppasamy , Thanikaikarasan Sethuramachandran , Eapen D. , Antony Rajendran , Balakumar Subramaniam , Mahalingam Thaiyan , Shajan Xavier Sahaya
Published: August 2018

In this research, nanocomposite membranes were prepared using polyethylene oxide as polymer host, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl imide) as salt and nanochitosan as inert filler. Initially nanochitosan was prepared from chitosan by ionotropic gelation method. Nanocomposite membranes were prepared by solvent free membrane hot press technique. The prepared membranes possessed excellent physico-chemical properties. The complexing behavior and structural reorganization in polymer electrolytes were analyzed by XRD and FT-IR analyzes. The decrease in crystalline nature of polymer electrolytes was confirmed by DSC analysis. The electrolyte S3 possessed high conductivity and attained a maximum of 10-3.01S/cm.
New Strategy of Using Stannic Oxide as Catalyst in a Three-dimension Electrode Reactor for the Electro-oxidation of Organic Matter
Authors: Li Peng , Zhao Yuemin , Wang Lizhang , Ding Binbin , Hu Yunlong
Published: August 2018

An efficient organic-matter (OM) degradation strategy using synthetic electrocatalysis particles as fixed filler in a threedimension electrode reactor was developed. In our work, SnO2-granular active carbon (SnO2-GAC) was prepared by integrating GAC with nano-SnO2 via the sol-gel method, using SnCl4 as starting material and gelatin as a stabilizer. The phase composition and micromorphology of the particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning/transmission electron microscopy techniques. The results showed the incorporation of SnO2 crystallized in a tetragonal lattice with an average crystallite size of 10.6 nm, which was easily accessible on the GAC surface and mesopores. Electrochemical properties were tested with cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods that disclosed an improved response current with a simultaneous increase in anodic area, while the charge-transfer and electrolyte resistance obviously decreased, in contrast to the virgin GAC filler in the three-dimension electrode system. Although the energy consumption of SnO2-GAC (11.71 kWh·kg−1 COD) presented slight superiority than that of GAC (13.62 kWh·kg−1 COD) at the same chemical oxygen demand (COD) conversion of 98 % when a current density of 20 A·m−2 was employed for phenolic wastewater treatment, the required degradation time of the former (47.22 h) is greatly decreased compared with that of the latter (54.24 h). These results obviously confirm the superiority of the prepared SnO2-GAC in electro-oxidation of organic matters.
Catalytic Performance of Oxidized Ni3Sn2 for Hydrogen Production from Methanol Decomposition
Authors: Wei Pan , Zhou Lingtong , Xia Wei , Li Zhujian , Long Haifei , Chen Jindan , Li Ting , Fan Mei Qiang
Published: August 2018

The catalytic properties of oxidized Ni3Sn2 powders were investigated for producing hydrogen from decomposing methanol in the temperatures ranging from 240 to 480 ºC. The oxidized Ni3Sn2 had much higher catalytic activity than that of Ni3Sn2 in the temperature range of 320~400 ºC. The results of an isothermal test performed at 320 ºC revealed that the oxidized Ni3Sn2 was spontaneously activated within 4 h of the reaction and slowly deactivated in the followed reaction time. The oxidized Ni3Sn2 suppressed side reactions such as methanation and water-gas shift reaction and showed a high efficiency for H2 production from methanol decomposition. Surface analysis revealed that the activity of oxidized Ni3Sn2 was attributed to the formation of Ni/SnO2 catalyst, which was supposed to serve as active sites for methanol decomposition.
Material, Electrical and Optical Analyses of Electrodeposited Electrochromatic NiO Film with Heat Treatment
Authors: Chen Hsiang , Chen Chia-Hung , Shih Hua-Yu , Lin Jun Yu , Yeh Yih-Min
Published: August 2018

In this study, we propose two-step method of electrochemical deposition and heat treatment to fabricate electrochromic NiO films. A precursor NiO film was electro-deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). Then, the deposited film was crystallized with heat treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to examine the crystalline structure and scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the surface morphologyfor the film in different deposition and heat treatment conditions. Moreover, the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and optical performance of the film was evaluated. Based on multiple material and optical analysis, the film grown with plating solution with a pH value of 8.0 treated by heat treatment at 500ºC was the most desirable electro chromatic film. The fabricated NiO electrochromic film shows promise for use in future device applications.
Investigations on Lithium Carbonate-alumina Composite Solid Electrolyte: Morphology and Related Conductivity
Authors: Sulaiman M. , Rahman A. A. , Mohamed N. S.
Published: August 2018

Composite solid electrolytes in the system (1-x)Li2CO3-xAl2O3 with x = 0.1 – 0.6 mole were prepared via sol-gel technique. The morphology and conductivity of the composite were investigated. Obtained materials were analysed by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemical constituents were confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray. The ionic conductivity was measured using AC impedance spectroscopy. SEM studies of cross-section morphology clearly showed lithium carbonate crystals became radial – fluffy shaped particularly at x = 0.1 and 0.6. Morphological analysis showed homogeneous distribution between Li2CO3 and Al2O3 particles resulted in formation of amorphous phase of Li2CO3 at Li2CO3 - Al2O3 interface. Traces of α-LiAlO2, γ-LiAlO2 and LiAl5O8 were observed at x = 0.1, 0.2 and x = 0.4. Impedance spectroscopy studies showed that the conductivity is maximal at x = 0.2 and 0.4 - 0.5 with a value equal to ~10-3 Scm-1 with temperatures ranging from 130 - 180 oC.
Modelo de desinfoxicación para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje
Authors: Baquero Rey Luis Eduardo , Gil Aros Celio , Hernández Bejarano Miguel Armando
Published: August 2018

Se ilustra el proceso mediante el cual se diseñó, implementó y validó el modelo de desinfoxicación que surge de la necesidad de reducir el exceso de información al cual se ven abocados tanto estudiantes como docentes en el proceso de Enseñanza-Aprendizaje. La herramienta diseñada (prototipo) permite identificar, seleccionar y organizar de manera efectiva el acceso a la información, a través del modelo de Análisis Semántico Latente (LSA). En la Fase I del proyecto denominado: “Sistema de desinfoxicación y su impacto en el proceso de enseñanza–aprendizaje al interior de un espacio académico–FASE I”, se realizaron algunas pruebas a través de la aplicación del instrumento que permitió conocer cómo los estudiantes mitigan el exceso de información (realizan sus propios filtros). En el Proyecto “Sistema de búsqueda inteligente de información basado en desinfoxicación, se describe el método y la técnica que analiza detalladamente la forma y estudia las propiedades del significado de las palabras utilizadas de una manera sistemática y objetiva. Como resultado inicial se tiene como producto de apropiación social del conocimiento una primera versión del prototipo, el cual permite que el usuario (estudiante o docente) agrupe todos los archivos PDF, relacionados con un tema específico.
Lyrik im germanistischen Fremdsprachenunterricht – Entwicklung und Erprobung eines Unterrichtsmodells zum Aufbau vonsymbolic competence
Authors: van Well Benjamin
Published: August 2018

Lyrik gilt unter Lernenden wie Lehrenden oftmals als große Herausforderung. Das gattungsspezifische „semantische Befremden“ und die Notwendigkeit der Transkription der Bedeutung sprachlicher Zeichen bereiten vor allem Fremdsprachenlernenden Schwierigkeiten. Eine Beschäftigung mit Lyrik erfordertsymbolic competence,kann diese aber auch fördern. Der Artikel skizziert ein Modell, erprobt im Unterricht mit chinesischen Germanistikstudierenden, das versucht, eine literatur- und lernergerechte Förderung dieser Kompetenz zu ermöglichen.
Accurate georeferencing of TLS point clouds with short GNSS observation durations even under challenging measurement conditions
Authors: Zimmermann Florian , Holst Christoph , Klingbeil Lasse , Kuhlmann Heiner
Published: August 2018

The accuracy of georeferenced TLS point clouds is directly influenced by site-dependent GNSS effects, deteriorating the accuracy of the ground control point coordinate estimation. Especially under challenging GNSS conditions, this is a crucial problem. One common approach is to minimize these effects by longer observation durations, which in turn increases the effort in time and cost. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed that provides accurate georeferencing results, even under challenging measurement conditions and short observation durations. It iteratively improves the georeferencing accuracy by determining and applying obstruction adaptive elevation masks to the GNSS observations. The algorithm is tested and assessed using the data of a field test. It is demonstrated that after only 5 minutes observation duration, the ground control point coordinates can be estimated with an accuracy of 1 to 2 cm, independent from the GNSS measurement conditions. Initial states of the elevation masks are determined from a point cloud that is georeferenced using coordinates from a single point positioning solution, enhanced by a RAIM-FDE approach. Afterwards, the coordinates are estimated in a weighted least-squares baseline solution and both, the elevation masks and the coordinate estimation, are iteratively improved. Besides the significant reduction of measurement time, the proposed algorithm allows for increasing the amount of ground control points and can be applied to other direct or indirect GNSS-based georeferencing approaches.
Temperature Compensation and Correction in Detection of Oxygen Content Found in Glass Medicine Bottles Using Laser Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhu Gaofeng , Zhu Hongqiu , Yang Chunhua , Gui Weihua
Published: August 2018

Using laser wavelength modulation spectroscopy (LWMS), a rapid detection method to determine the oxygen contents in glass medicine bottles with an open single path and short optical distance was proposed. It is widely acknowledged that temperature changes influence the gas line strength, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of absorption parameters, and the density of gas molecules. As a direct consequence, these factors affect the detection accuracy of gas concentrations. Two methods of temperature compensation and correction were proposed to address this problem: one method uses a theoretical compensation of scale factors based on the relationship between various parameters in the HITRAN 2012 database (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA), and the second method uses the compensation of an experimental correction function based on the relationship between temperature and harmonic intensity measurements. Furthermore, the two methods were integrated into the regression equations for the peak value of the secondary harmonics and the gas concentration for quantitative predictions. At different temperatures (ranging from 276–316 K), glass medicine bottles with oxygen concentrations of 21 % were tested to obtain predictive values based on direct concentration evaluation by the two methods. The experimental results show that the predicated root mean square errors after theoretical and experimental correction are 0.0024 and 0.0058, respectively 80.33 % and 52.46 % less than that obtained through direct concentration evaluation. This validates the effectiveness of the two proposed methods, which can further improve the accuracy and stability for detecting gas concentration using LWMS.
Evaluación del debido proceso como factor determinante de la legitimidad de la regulación contable colombiana: una aproximación
Authors: Rodríguez Ramírez Carlos Andrés
Published: August 2018

El presente documento propone un análisis de la legitimidad de la regulación contable en Colombia, a partir del concepto de “debido proceso”, usando las categorías analíticas propuestas por Suchman y otros autores sobre legitimidad.El documento concluye que existe un déficit de legitimidad en el ordenamiento regulatorio contable en Colombia, en la medida en que los reguladores mismos incumplen el debido procesos en la emisión de normas de contabilidad, en el marco de la convergencia decretada por la Ley 1314 de 2009, con consecuencias sobre la capacidad del ente regulador –Consejo Técnico de la Contaduría Pública– y la calidad de la regulación propiamente dicha.
Modelación espacio-temporal del material particulado en Santiago de Chile
Authors: Mendoza Enner , Puraivan Eduardo
Published: August 2018

En este trabajo, consideramos un modelo bayesiano jerárquico de espacio-tiempo para la concentración del material particulado 2.5 en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile. Tomando en consideración las covariables: temperatura, humedad relativa, velocidad del viento promedio diario y las coordenadas geográficas espaciales. Los datos utilizados fueron medidos en 11 estaciones de monitoreo de la calidad del aire de la ciudad de Santiago, registrados por hora durante los años 2012, 2013 y 2014. Finalmente, se muestran mapas de predicción del material particulado 2.5 y de probabilidades de exceder el umbral permitido. Los cálculos fueron realizados en el software R específicamente con la librería INLA.
Opiniones acerca de un objeto de aprendizaje en la asignatura de Pedagogía de la Actividad Física del Programa de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación
Authors: Jiménez Garzón Luis Enrique
Published: August 2018

Este escrito es un ensayo de reflexión crítica acerca de la creación de un objeto de aprendizaje (OA), en el programa virtual eXeLearning para el programa de Pedagogía de la Actividad Física de la Universidad Santo Tomás con sede en Bogotá (Colombia). Desde los aportes del Seminario temático I del Doctorado en Tecnología Educativa de la Universidad Mar de Cortés de México, se establece cuáles son las ventajas de crear una herramienta virtual que permita procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje con mejores interacciones entre estudiantes y profesores. Finalmente, se plantean los aspectos más importantes de implementar un modelo virtual teniendo en cuenta experiencias  anteriores en otros contextos educativos.
SENDEROS SUBMARINOS DEL PARQUE NACIONAL CAHUITA: DESCRIPCIÓN BIOLÓGICA
Authors: Palacios Martínez Gerardo E.
Published: August 2018

Los recorridos en los Senderos Submarinos del Parque Nacional Cahuitapermitieron identificar los organismos marinos presentes. La descripción biológica de la flora y la fauna se basó en la metodología de línea transecto y observación directa. El Sendero Submarino Perezoso presentó un 40% de cobertura de coral vivo, entre los cuales estaba el coral estrella (Siderastrea siderea) como dominante, las especies de peces más frecuente pertenecen a la familia Pomacentridae. El erizo negro (Diadema antillarum) es el más frecuente de los invertebrados y las algas registradas son del género Dictyota y la especie Halimeda opuntia. Las especies de coral Siderastrea siderea y Agaricia agaricites son las más frecuentes en los senderos submarinos de Perezoso y Eduardo. This survey provides biological information regarding the underwater trails of Cahuita National Park, and identifies the most common species present. The biological description of the flora and fauna are based on line transects and direct observation. The Perezoso underwater trail had 40% live coral cover, of which the Lobe coral (Siderastrea siderea) was the most common; the most common species of fish belonged to the family Pomacentridae. The long spined sea urchin (Diadema antillarum) was the most common among the invertebrates, and the algae recorded belonged to the genera Dictyota and Halimeda. The coral species  Siderastrea siderea and Agaricia agaricites were the most common corals of the Perezoso and Eduardo underwater trails.
EVALUACIÓN DE LOS RIESGOS DE AFECTACIÓN POR EL ESTABLECIMIENTO DE GRANJAS ATUNERAS EN RELACIÓN CON LA DISTRIBUCIÓN ESPACIAL DE CETÁCEOS EN EL GOLFO DULCE, COSTA RICA
Authors: Oviedo Correa Lenin E. , Pacheco Juan Diego , Herra Miranda David
Published: August 2018

Este estudio trata sobre la distribución espacial de depredadores marinos topes, particularmente cetáceos odontocetos y misticetos migratorios. Se describe el riesgo potencial de afectación por el establecimiento de instalaciones asociadas con operaciones locales de maricultura: jaulas de engorde para atún. Por medio de un enfoque teórico y empírico se establece cuantitativamente como la profundidad máxima, un factor limitante en la distribución y definición del nicho ecológico de cetáceos, se solaparía en valores con el área propuesta para el establecimiento de las jaulas, lo que induciría dos escenarios probables de afectación: el desplazamiento de las poblaciones de depredadores de un hábitat-nicho de alimentación potencial y la interacción progresiva entre los depredadores con la fauna acompañante alrededor de las instalaciones de la operación de cultivo, lo anterior implicaría un riesgo perenne de captura incidental de dichos depredadores. Adicionalmente, la presencia de ballenas jorobadas durante la temporada de lluvia en zonas aledañas a Punta Banco, se asociaría a una ruta migratoria desde las zonas de alimentación en Sudamérica-Antártica, que pasaría por el área proyectada para el establecimiento de la operación de maricultura. Los resultados ilustran la necesidad de seguir un principio precautorio y promover la reubicación de proyecto de maricultura en áreas de menor valor en términos de biodiversidad marina.This contribution deals with the spatial distribution of marine top predators, particularly odontocete and migratory misticete cetaceans. The study describes the potential risk of disturbances due to the establishment of mariculture operations and corresponding infrastructure: tuna feed lots. Through a mixed theoretical and empirical approach, this research corroborates how the maximum depth, a limiting factor in the definition of cetacean trophic niches off the study area, overlaps with the values for depths from an area proposed as the focal location of a tuna feed lot facility. The latter implies two particular scenarios: the translocation of the local predator population from a potential foraging habitat-niche, and the progressive negative interaction between predators and the accompanying fish fauna around of the cages, with a high probability of incidental capture of those predators by entanglement. Additionally, the occurrence of humpback whales during the rainy season associated with a migratory route from feeding grounds off Chile-Antarctica, that would pass through the area projected to harbor the mariculture operation. The results illustrate the need of considering a precautionary approach and relocate mariculture projects to areas of lesser value in terms of marine biodiversity.
Evaluation of Studentsâ€™ Achievement in Mathematics through Systematic and Explicit Instruction, Self-Instruction, Peer-Tutoring and Visual Representation
Authors: Tyavbee Ajai, John
Published: August 2018

The study evaluated studentsâ€™ achievement in mathematics using four methods of instruction. Sample of the study was 130 Junior Secondary School students from 4 schools in Taraba State, Nigeria. Quasi-experimental design was adopted. Data was generated using Terminal Mathematics Achievement Tests whose reliability indices were computed using Kuderâ€“Richardson (KR â€“ 20) formula. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research question while one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to explore the impact of the instructional strategies at .05 level of significance. Finding revealed no significant difference in the mean achievement scores of students exposed to the four instructional strategies. The study recommended that classroom teachers implement any of these instructional methods in their daily classroom instruction.
Towards A Green World: an Islamic Perspective
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Zakir
Published: August 2018

The state of world environment and natural resources are in disastrous condition in today's global village. Most of the components of ecosystems are looming in the manner that apparently seems to have gone almost beyond human control. Environmental issues thus have become a matter of urgent and utter concern for the policy makers. of both North and South, international organizations, development partners, practitioners, academicians and civil society. At this perilous condition, for which human race is the sole responsible, what else actually remains to thwart the crawling catastrophe and get back the livable environÂ­ment? Keeping this question in the forefront, this paper seeks to delve into the state of current environmental crises and scarcities, review mainstream and Islamic understanding of the issues and extract policy directives from Islamic worldview.
Elateridae (Insecta, Coleoptera) from Tanegashima Island (Ryukyu Islands, Japan)
Authors: Arimoto Kôichi , Itô Reo
Published: August 2018

There are few records of beetles of the family Elateridae from Tanegashima Island, in the Ôsumi Islands, in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, and the elaterid fauna of this island has not been reviewed. We examined newly collected specimens and reviewed the previous records from the island. In field work and from a colleague’s collection, we found 27 species, of which 13 were recorded for the first time on the island. As result 43 species are confirmed from this island and a checklist of all elaterid species from Tanegashima Island is provided.
PERJALANAN ROHANI PERSPEKTIF KAUM SUFI
Authors: Adnan Adnan
Published: August 2018

Sufism as a spiritual life was frequently to be a return place for the tired man because of his life journey and an escape place for the pressed man. Beside that, actually sufism can strengthen the week individuals missing his self-existance. By sufism, they found the real meaning of life. In the teachings of sufi order, the seeker (salik) has to pass through spiritual path (thariqah) in order to know Allah as the Final Goal by passing a long journey and spiritual stations (maqamat) to improve their bad characteristics. This is significant to do for salikin, especially to make his inner empty, and then adorn and decorate it with all of good characteristics to reach higher and higher stations (maqamat). In the other hand, they found a religious-psycological experiences which is called ahwal to achive the spiritual experiences with Divine Reality (Haqiqah).
APPLICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING TO FILL IN THE MISSING MONITORING DATA OF AIR QUALITY
Authors: Hung Mac Duy
Published: August 2018

In this paper, three machine learning models have been applied to predict and fill in the missing monitoring data of air quality for Gia Lam and Nha Trang stations in Hanoi and Khanh Hoa respectively, including Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Support Vector Regression (SVR). Two air pollutants being NO2 and PM10 were selected for this study. The experimental results showed that the performance of all three studied models is better than that of some traditional approaches, including Multiple Linear Regression (LR) and Spline interpolation. Besides that, ARMA, ANN and SVR can capture the fluctuation of concentrations of the selected pollutants. These results indicated that the machine learning is a feasible approach to deal with the missing of data which is one of the biggest problems of air quality monitoring stations in Viet Nam.
Tax deduction “1%” as a source of financing for the social economy in Poland: Retrospection and projection of the level of social involvement
Authors: Jegorow Dorota
Published: August 2018

One of the basic problems of social economy entities is maintaining independence and financial stability. Meanwhile, dependence on public support has dominated the main sources of funding for public benefit organizations. In this context, the revenue generated by the “1%” tax deduction should also be considered. Over ten years of this solution existence, 49% of the total number of taxpayers was covered. A marked slowdown in this trend indicates that the potential maximum absorption is approaching. This situation should lead to the rethinking of the new marketing strategy by the organizations earning high revenues under the “1%” tax deduction, and also these, who are planning to use this form of support to potential benefit.
Efficiency of social enterprises in meeting social and business goals
Authors: Chomiuk Agnieszka , Gabryelewicz Katarzyna
Published: August 2018

Article deals with the subject of efficiency in meeting social and business goals in social enterprises. The authors emphasize that the profit in social economy is inextricably linked to the social mission. Due to this fact, the analysis of social enterprise’s condition must include the social added value. The authors’ conclusions are based on the financial analysis of the two social co-operatives. The aim of the article is to point out the social and economic benefits of the functioning of social co-operatives as well as the analysis of the condition and profitability of social enterprises on the example of the analyzed social co-operatives. The results of the research show that the analyzed social enterprises tend to increase their economic value, fulfill their employment objectives and generate numerous social benefits.
Research on evaluation of airport service quality based on improved AHP and Topsis methods
Authors: Zhou Hang , Li Yue , Gu Yang
Published: August 2018

The aim of this paper is to propose a multi-criteria decision-making approach, combining the ‘analytic hierarchy process’ (AHP) and ‘technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution’ (Topsis) for the quantitative assessment of airport service quality so as to increase the objectivity and reliability of the results. The criteria hierarchy with quantitative indicators is established to make up for the deficiencies of previous evaluation criteria. Some of these indicators are improvements to the qualitative indicators that are commonly mentioned, and some have been only rarely taken into account in previous research studies or evaluation activities, but are also very important. An empirical study for evaluating the service quality of four major international airports in China is presented to illustrate the superiority and rationality of the criteria system and method. This comprehensive method not only helps to obtain the overall ratings of the airports, as well as the specific weaknesses and advantages in particular service items, but also improves the efficiency and increases the credibility and objectivity of the results. Finally, some interesting conclusions are obtained and some targeted measures are offered to the four airports for improvement of the service level.
La falta del registro de nacimiento y la vulneración de los derechos humanos
Authors: Ledesma-Lois Carlos Alejandro , Nettel-Barrera Alina , Ledesma-Lois Florencia Aurora
Published: August 2018

Introducción: en la actualidad, en el territorio de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, existe una cantidad no precisa de seres humanos cuyo nacimiento nunca ha sido registrado, lo que acarrea diversas consecuencias negativas para el ejercicio de sus derechos y repercute en tres dimensiones distintas: la dimensión fáctica, al existir una negativa de servicios que proporciona el Estado, entre otros, el acceso a la salud, a que se le administre justicia por parte de los tribunales o a la participación en programas de seguridad social y educación. También se relaciona con una dimensión axiológica, ya que materialmente se excluye al ser humano de la sociedad privándolos de la seguridad jurídica que ampara a quienes tienen la posibilidad de identificarse y, por último, la normativa al negarse la posibilidad de ser sujetos reconocidos por el Estado. Metodología: el problema de investigación se aborda desde el método del realismo jurídico, a partir del análisis de los fenómenos que están presentes en el objeto de estudio y su explicación, en relación con las consecuencias sociológicas, económicas y jurídicas. Resultados: en conformidad con las cifras que se exponen, en nuestro país se estima que hay alrededor de 10 millones de seres humanos cuyo nacimiento nunca ha sido registrado, por lo que no tienen acceso a servicios de salud, educación, justicia, esparcimiento y libre desarrollo integral. Conclusiones: la tutela de los derechos humanos queda seriamente comprometida por la falta de registro de nacimiento. En esta medida, las personas no son materialmente existentes para el Estado y les está vedado el ejercicio de derechos esenciales que les permitan desarrollar una vida digna.
La educación en derechos humanos: un aporte al posconflicto
Authors: Calderón-Martínez Andrea Ximena
Published: August 2018

Propósito: actualmente, Colombia atraviesa por un momento histórico enmarcado por un proceso de paz que, de lograrse, propiciará una etapa quizás más compleja que la misma guerra a la que se le pretende dar fin. De manera que se hace preciso destacar el papel fundamental que cumple la educación en derechos humanos, en el propósito de enfrentar ese nuevo rumbo. Temas: en tiempos de posguerra, se hace imprescindible asignarles especial atención a temas como la educación y la pedagogía, ambos dentro de un contexto de derechos humanos que, en tiempos de conflicto, fueron vulnerados a gran escala. Desarrollo: un breve recorrido por la historia de la educación en derechos humanos, sumado a la experiencia de algunos países que ya han atravesado un periodo de posconflicto, ponen de manifiesto que la formación en dd. hh. es clave para mejorar la convivencia y la paz, más aún, en vísperas de un posible periodo de posconflicto en Colombia. Conclusión: se dilucida la relevancia de la  implementación de la educación en derechos humanos como un factor determinante, a fin de que se hagan precisos esfuerzos sustanciales que permitan la promoción de una cultura de paz.
The Impact of Teaching Reform Conflict and Job Burnout on Curriculum Implementation in Senior High School English Teachers
Authors: Luo Li
Published: August 2018

Recently, with the reform of the college entrance examination English system, the requirements for teachers' professional development and teaching abilities are increasing. Thus, the burden and pressure of teachers are becoming more and more serious. Meanwhile, Teachers' teaching reform conflict and job burnout are becoming more serious than before. Questionnaires and interviews will be used in this paper to investigate the teaching reform of senior high school English teachers. The present situation of conflict and job burnout and its influence on curriculum implementation are analyzed. Effective information will be provided for education departments and educational institutions, so that they can take appropriate measures for this reform and job burnout to ensure the quality of the implementation of the curriculum.