bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saving babies and families from preventable harm: a review of the current state of fetoplacental monitoring and emerging opportunities
Authors: Ranaei-Zamani Niccole , David Anna L. , Siassakos Dimitrios , Dadhwal Vatsla , Melbourne Andrew , Aughwane Rosalind , Russell-Buckland Joshua , Tachtsidis Ilias , Hillman Sara , Mitra Subhabrata
Published: April 2024

Neonatal outcomes have improved over the last decade following significant thrust in this area, but stillbirth, preterm birth and neonatal brain injury remain acute global problems with long-lasting parental and family psychological trauma. In 2020, 1 in every 225 pregnancies in UK ended in stillbirth, with 2 million stillbirths reported worldwide. Over 40% of all stillbirths occur during labor—a loss that could be avoided with improved fetal monitoring and timely access to emergency obstetric care when required. Nearly one-fourth of global neonatal mortality relates to intrapartum-related events. Currently, available monitoring tools rely on surrogate markers such as serial fetal size measurement, doppler assessment of fetoplacental perfusion, fetal heart rate variability, fetal movements and maternal circulating placental proteins to identify the vulnerable fetus. Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) is the current standard of monitoring for fetal assessment in labor, but a Cochrane review indicated that it failed to significantly reduce poor outcomes in newborn infants, and resulted in an increase in the number of Caesarean sections. There is an urgent need for the development of a monitoring platform to directly measure acute or chronic changes related to fetoplacental compromise which can be operated with ease both in the hospital and remotely in the home environment in high-risk pregnancies. In recent years, there has been some promising development to identify compromised fetuses using advanced technologies and artificial intelligence-based approaches. We present here the current state of fetoplacental monitoring, focussing primarily on antepartum monitoring and discuss a possible way forward using digital biomarkers in this area to protect babies and mothers in future.
Neuromorphic computing with spintronics
Authors: Marrows Christopher H. , Barker Joseph , Moore Thomas A. , Moorsom Timothy
Published: April 2024

Spintronics and magnetic materials exhibit many physical phenomena that are promising for implementing neuromorphic computing natively in hardware. Here, we review the current state-of-the-art, focusing on the areas of spintronic synapses, neurons, and neural networks. Many current implementations are based on the paradigm of reservoir computing, where the details of the network do not need to be known but where significant post-processing is needed. Benchmarks are given where possible. We discuss the scientific and technological advances needed to bring about spintronic neuromorphic computing that could be useful to an end-user in the medium term.
Programming fibril alignment and mechanical response in reconstituted collagen fibers using reagent-free biomimetic energetic electron crosslinking
Authors: Bublikova Anastassiya , Schütte Friedrich , Mayr Stefan G.
Published: April 2024

High energy electron beam treatment is shown to permanently imprint prestrain-induced alignment of collagen fibrils within macroscopic collagen fibers by introduction of biomimetic crosslinks, bridging orders of magnitude in Young's moduli.
An IrRuOx catalyst supported by oxygen-vacant Ta oxide for the oxygen evolution reaction and proton exchange membrane water electrolysis
Authors: Liu Yanrong , Zhang Meiqi , Zhang Cong , Zhang Honghua , Wang Hao
Published: April 2024

At 0.3 mgIr cm−2, IrRuOx/Ta2O5 reduced the OER overpotential to 235 mV@10 mA cm−2 and the PEMWE potential to 1.91 V@2 A cm−2.
Evaluation of the anti-depressant potential of EGCG-loaded nanoparticles in unstressed and stressed mice
Authors: Dahiya Shakti , Rani Ruma , Dilbaghi Neeraj , Dhingra Dinesh , Lal Sant , Verma Jaya
Published: April 2024

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a key bio-active component of green tea and has demonstrated significant antidepressant activity in laboratory animals.
3,4-Dimethoxy phenyl thiosemicarbazone as an effective corrosion inhibitor of copper under acidic solution: comprehensive experimental, characterization and theoretical investigations
Authors: Benachour Naima , Delimi Amel , Allal Hamza , Boublia Abir , Sedik Amel , Ferkous Hana , Djedouani Amel , Brioua Smail , Boulechfar Chérifa , Benzouid Hichem , Houssou Abdelkrim , Oral Ayhan , Ernst Barbara , Alam Manawwer , Benguerba Yacine
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the corrosion inhibition potential of 3,4-dimethoxy phenyl thiosemicarbazone (DMPTS) for copper in 1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions, aiming to disclose the mechanism behind its protective action.
Combining Bayesian optimization and automation to simultaneously optimize reaction conditions and routes
Authors: Schilter Oliver , Gutierrez Daniel Pacheco , Folkmann Linnea M. , Castrogiovanni Alessandro , García-Durán Alberto , Zipoli Federico , Roch Loïc M. , Laino Teodoro
Published: April 2024

Combining a cloud-based Bayesian optimization platform with a robotic synthesis platform accelerated the discovery of high conversion iodination of terminal alkyne reactions in a large search space of over 12 000 possible reactions in 23 experiments.
The influence of perovskite crystal structure on its stability
Authors: Bi Hualin , Wang Mengke , Liu Lei , Yan Jiahe , Zeng Rongfei , Xu Zhang , Wang Jun
Published: April 2024

The relationship between structure and stability of organic and inorganic hybrid perovskite was analyzed by a model interpretability technique. We found that perovskites containing iodine were the most stable, followed by bromine and finally chlorine.
Rapid and selective RRS determination of ferrocyanide with a nanogold surface molecularly imprinted polymethacrylic acid probe
Authors: Li Yumei , Liu Yue , Liang Aihui , Jiang Zhiliang
Published: April 2024

Schematic diagram of the determination of K4Fe(CN)6via RRS-ET using the AuNP@MIP nanoprobe.
Temperature-sensitive metal-enhanced fluorescence and plasmon resonance energy transfer
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Liming , Ge Li , Wei Yujiao , He Shengnan , Liu Honglin
Published: April 2024

Experimental decoupling of the effects of plasmon resonance energy transfer (PRET) and metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) within the same nanometal–fluorophore pair is fascinating but challenging.
Novel metalloporphyrin covalently functionalized polyphosphazene nanotubes for boosting the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Yang Xin , Zhao Wei , Wang Aijian , Zhai Xiaoyu , Dou Yuqin , Syed Kamal , Zhu Weihua
Published: April 2024

The as-prepared CoTPP–PZSNT can catalyze the HER process in alkaline and acid media with low overpotentials due to the covalent linkage between CoTPP and PZSNT.
Investigation on acceptor–donor co-doped SnO2 nanoparticles enriched with oxygen vacancies: a capacitive humidity sensor for respiration detection
Authors: Ding Yuchuan , Chen Yong , Wang MaoHua
Published: April 2024

In this work, we develop a novel capacitive humidity sensor based on Al–Si acceptor–donor co-doped SnO2 for real-time monitoring of ambient humidity and human respiration.
Active site for syngas production by direct partial oxidation of CH4 over ZrO2
Authors: Murata Kazumasa , Arai Keita , Kondo Nao , Manabe Ryo , Yumura Takashi , Hosokawa Saburo
Published: April 2024

ZrO2 is a promising catalyst for direct partial oxidation of methane. The reaction mechanism and active site for partial oxidation of methane over ZrO2 were proposed using kinetic analysis, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, and DFT calculations.
Heteropoly acid-grafted iron oxide catalysts for efficient selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3
Authors: Geng Yang , Lian Zhihua , Zhang Yan , Liu Janqi , Jin Dongliang , Shan Wenpo
Published: April 2024

A series of heteropoly acid-grafted Fe2O3 catalysts (i.e., HPA/Fe2O3) for selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3-SCR) were investigated.
Oxidation of sulfides following anaerobic municipal wastewater treatment for non-potable reuse applications
Authors: MacDonald Jessica A. , Tavarez Isabella J. , Mitch William A.
Published: April 2024

Anaerobic secondary biological wastewater treatment could increase energy efficiency by avoiding energy-intensive aeration while producing methane that could be harvested for energy production.
Heat-moisture and acid treatments can increase levels of resistant starch in arrowroot starch without adversely affecting its prebiotic activity in human colon microbiota
Authors: Tarazi-Riess Hila , Shani-Levi Carmit , Lesmes Uri
Published: April 2024

Carbohydrates are an important macronutrient whose processing and digestive fate can have numerous beneficial or adverse effects on consumer health.
Current induced cooling in a metal/n-InAs structure
Authors: Il'inskaya N. D. , Karandashev S. A. , Lukhmyrina T. S. , Matveev B. A. , Remennyi M. A. , Chernyakov A. E.
Published: April 2024

At 340 K, the Ohmic contact of Cr with nondegenerate InAs caused a cooling of 1 K of the chip body.
Ionic liquid-based chemodosimetric probe: the selective detection and removal of bisulfite from a pure aqueous system and potential uses in biosensing
Authors: Choudhary Nishu , Yadav Sanjay , Bhai Surjit , Sonpal Vasavdutta , Ganguly Bishwajit , Paital Alok Ranjan
Published: April 2024

This study reveals a cost-effective and recyclable ionic liquid probe for monitoring and mitigating bisulfite in water. It is effective in bio-sensing and real sample bisulfite quantifications, highlighting its dual purpose capability.
Actuation mechanism of a nanoscale drilling rig based on nested carbon nanotubes
Authors: Si Wei , Chen Haonan , Lin Xiaojing , Wu Gensheng , Zhao Jiajia , Sha Jingjie
Published: April 2024

A proof-of-concept design of a nanoscale rig based on nested carbon nanotubes is reported. The switching of the nanoelectrodes can be manipulated by a pre-designed strategy to well control the rotation and expansion of the nanoscale rig.
Copolymerization of tricyclopentadiene and ethylene catalyzed by thiophene-fused-heterocyclic cyclopentadienyl scandium complexes
Authors: Huang Lingyan , Zhang Shunan , Wu Chunji , He Pan , Wang Baoli
Published: April 2024

Tricyclopentadiene–ethylene copolymerization catalysed by scandium complexes and post-hydrogenation of the resultant copolymers with H2 were achieved. The hydrogenated polymers show high glass-transition temperatures and high transparency.
Self-assembled manganese acetate@tin dioxide colloidal quantum dots as an electron-transport layer for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Li Yutao , Zhao Chenyu , Wang Lexin , Fan Lin , Wei Maobin , Liu Huilian , Liu Xiaoyan , Yang Jinghai , Wang Fengyou , Yang Lili
Published: April 2024

Self-assembled manganese acetate@tin dioxide colloidal quantum dots are synthesized and utilized as an electron-transport layer for efficient and ambient-air-stable PSCs.
Electronic modulation by interfacial bridging between Ir nanoparticle and metal–organic framework to enhance hydrogen evolution
Authors: Cheng Kaipeng , Xu Yinghuan , Zhang Shenmeng , Zhang Heng , Xue Yingying , Huang Xiahui , Zhao Jianbo , Zhang Pengcheng , Ma Shuang , Hou Zhiqiang
Published: April 2024

In the quest for amplifying the inherent capabilities of noble metals, crafting precise metal–support interfacial bonds stands as a challenging yet fruitful endeavor.
Ultrathin core–shell Au@RuNi nanowires for superior electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Jiang Xian , Wei Xianzi , Chen Mushun , Fu Chuankai , Wang Yufei , Wang Caikang , Sun Hao , Zhou Juan , Tang Yawen
Published: April 2024

Ultrathin core–shell Au@RuNi nanowires have been synthesized via the epitaxial growth of uniform fcc-structured RuNi alloy layer on the surface of ultrathin Au NWs, demonstrating remarkable alkaline HER performance and outstanding stability.
Nickel(0)-catalyzed ring-opening reaction of silacyclobutanes with 1,3-dienes to access allylsilane
Authors: Liu Mengyuan , Dong Kexin , Xu Bing , Zhang Zhan-Ming , Wei Zhong , Zhang Junliang
Published: April 2024

Here we report a Ni-catalyzed highly regio- and stereoselective ring opening reaction of SCBs with 1,3-dienes for a straightforward and facile preparation of allylsilanes.
Tetraphenylethylene[3]arene: synthesis, structure, and sensing of I−
Authors: Zeng Fei , Tang Lin-Li , Bao Wen-Hu , Tan Ying-Zi
Published: April 2024

Tetraphenylethylene[3]arene 1 was synthesized using 1,1′,4,4′-tetramethoxytetraphenylethylene and paraformaldehyde in dichloromethane. Host 1 exhibited strong bright blue fluorescence both in the solid state and THF–H2O mixtures with water fw ≥ 60%.
Photoredox-catalyzed cascade [2 + 2 + 1] cyclization of 1,6-enynes with thiols
Authors: Meng Zhe , Shi Min , Wei Yin
Published: April 2024

Here, we report a visible-light-mediated [2 + 2 + 1] cascade cyclization of 1,6-enynes with thiols, providing sulfur-containing polycyclic molecules in moderate to good yields.
Flexible tactile sensors with interlocking serrated structures based on stretchable multiwalled carbon nanotube/silver nanowire/silicone rubber composites
Authors: Feng Junyan , Ao Hezheng , Cao Peng , Yang Tao , Xing Bo
Published: April 2024

A patterned, stretchable, and fully elastomeric multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/silver nanowire (Ag NW)/silicone rubber (SR) composite have been developed.
Metabolomic profiling of Medicago sativa-derived fungal endophytes and evaluation of their biological activities
Authors: El Amir Dalia , Sayed Ahmed M. , El-Hawary Seham S. , Elsakhawy Omnia M. , Attia Eman Zekry , Abdelmohsen Usama Ramadan , Mohammed Rabab
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to discover the potential of Medicago sativa-derived fungal endophytes as a prospective source of bioactive metabolites.
MOF/graphene oxide based composites in smart supercapacitors: a comprehensive review on the electrochemical evaluation and material development for advanced energy storage devices
Authors: Gautam Sanjeev , Rialach Shruti , Paul Surinder , Goyal Navdeep
Published: April 2024

Driving towards sustainable energy solutions: harnessing metal–organic framework/graphene oxide composites to propel high-efficiency smart supercapacitors.
NIR-responsive magnesium phosphate cement loaded with simvastatin-nanoparticles with biocompatibility and osteogenesis ability
Authors: Wang Bin , Zhao Yanbin , Li Yangyang , Yao Junyan , Wu Shunjie , Miu Guoping , Chu Chenglin
Published: April 2024

In this article, we reported a specific magnesium phosphate bone cement which showed good physical, chemical properties, and excellent osteogenesis-promoting ability under near-infrared light intervention.
Tailoring MIL-100(Fe)-derived catalyst for controlled carbon dioxide conversion and product selectivity
Authors: Ahmed Hany E. , Albolkany Mohamed K. , El-Khouly Mohamed E. , El-Moneim Ahmed Abd
Published: April 2024

The impact of the active catalyst particle size on the CO2 hydrogenation and product selectivity is presented using MOF-derived Fe-based catalytic system.
High-performance self-powered ultraviolet photodetector based on a ZnO/CuPc inorganic/organic heterojunction
Authors: Chu Lingling , Xu Chao , Li Zhengping , Nie Chao
Published: April 2024

Device structure and carrier behavior.
Aluminium phosphide (Al12P12) nanocage as a potential sensor for volatile organic compounds: A DFT study
Authors: Ibrahim Mahmoud A. A. , Hamad Manar H. A. , Moussa Nayra A. M. , Abd-Elkader Omar H. , Sayed Shaban R. M. , Ahmed Muhammad Naeem , Awad Ahmed M. , Shoeib Tamer
Published: April 2024

The potentiality of the aluminium phosphide (Al12P12) nanocage as a prospective sensor material towards methanol (MeOH) and ethanol (EtOH) molecules was investigated using density functional theory computations.
Novel isatin–triazole based thiosemicarbazones as potential anticancer agents: synthesis, DFT and molecular docking studies
Authors: Mushtaq Alia , Asif Rabbia , Humayun Waqar Ahmed , Naseer Muhammad Moazzam
Published: April 2024

Synthesis of mono- and bis-thiosemicarbazones 4a–h and 5a–h of isatin–triazole hybrids 3a and 3b in turn accessed via CuAAC, their DFT studies and potential as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors has been evaluated in this study.
Carboxyl-functionalized two-dimensional MXene–Au nanocomposites were prepared as SERS substrates for the detection of melamine in dairy products
Authors: Xi Dongbo , Chen Ruipeng , Ren Shuyue , Jia Zhenhong , Gao Zhixian
Published: April 2024

In the present study, we address the limitations of conventional surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) techniques for sensitive and stable detection of melamine in food products, especially dairy.
Circumventing the activity–selectivity trade-off via the confinement effect from induced potential barriers on the Pd nanoparticle surface
Authors: Ma Junguo , Yang Chongya , Ye Xue , Pan Xiaoli , Nie Siyang , Cao Xing , Li Huinan , Matsumoto Hiroaki , Wu Liang , Chen Chen
Published: April 2024

Inducing a potential barrier alters the potential energy surface of the flat Pd catalyst, resulting in a “confinement” effect that achieves a simultaneous optimization of the selectivity and activity of the catalyst in acetylene semi-hydrogenation.
Highly acidic N-triflylphosphoramides as chiral Brønsted acid catalysts: the effect of weak hydrogen bonds and multiple acceptors on complex structures and aggregation
Authors: Hecht Markus , Dullinger Philipp , Silva Wagner , Horinek Dominik , Gschwind Ruth M.
Published: April 2024

An in-depth analysis including NMR-spectroscopy at 180 K and computer simulations suggests an OHN hydrogen bond between the phosphoramide oxygen and the imine instead of the mostly proposed NHN H-bond in binary NTPA/imine complexes.
Unveiling the mechanism on photocatalytic singlet oxygen generation over rationally designed carbonylated carbon nitride
Authors: Liu Wei , Che Huinan , Liu Bin , Ao Yanhui
Published: April 2024

Singlet oxygen (1O2) with electrical neutrality and long lifetime exhibits great potential in environmental remediation.
Carbon layer confined Co–Ni bimetallic oxide heterojunctions for high-efficiency electrosynthesis of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid
Authors: Cheng Zhong , Hu Jing , Zhou Wenjing , Deng Wenfang , Ma Ming , Tan Yueming
Published: April 2024

Carbon layer confined Co–Ni bimetallic oxide heterojunctions were used for high-efficiency electrosynthesis of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid.
A very small amount (0.1 wt%) of Co(OH)2 nanoplates enhances triboelectric performance of polymers
Authors: Park Jina , Hyun Inah , Kim Yoon Kee , Jung Hanbyeol , Lee Dong-Min , Kim Sang-Woo , Son Seung Uk
Published: April 2024

Incorporating 0.1 wt% Co(OH)2 nanoplates into PVP and PU matrix can enhance the triboelectric performance of polymers.
Explorations of highly birefringent materials in the vanadium oxyfluoride–iodate system by fluoride ion modulation
Authors: Huang Yu , Zhang Xue-Ying , Zhao San-Gen , Mao Jiang-Gao , Yang Bing-Ping
Published: April 2024

Two new vanadium oxyfluoride–iodate birefringent materials, Sr[VO2F(IO3)2] and Sr3F2(VO2F4)(IO3), have been successfully synthesized. These two compounds exhibit high birefringences with values of 0.250 and 0.406 at 550 nm, respectively.
Nitrogen isotopes in herbaria document historical nitrogen sewage pollution in the Mersey Estuary, England
Authors: Alldred Freya C. , Gröcke Darren R. , Jackson Samuel E. , Reid Geraldine
Published: April 2024

A schematic figure illustrating how nitrogen isotopes (δ15N) from treated–raw sewage enters an estuary, is taken up by macroalgae (seaweed). Treated sewage produces more elevated δ15N values compared to raw sewage.
Microbially mediated synthesis of vivianite by Desulfosporosinus on the way to phosphorus recovery
Authors: Knyazev Yuriy V. , Platunov Mikhail S. , Ikkert Olga P. , Semenov Sergey V. , Bayukov Oleg A. , Nikolenko Anton D. , Nazmov Vladimir P. , Volochaev Mikhail N. , Dubrovskiy Andrey A. , Molokeev Maksim S. , Smorodina Ekaterina D. , Balaev Dmitry A. , Karnachuk Olga V.
Published: April 2024

Desulfosporosinus metallidurans can be utilized in advanced water purification methods and for recovering phosphorus from industrial waste sludge.
Disturbance‐observer‐based fault‐tolerant control of robotic manipulator: A fixed‐time adaptive approach
Authors: Anjum Zeeshan , Sun Zhe , Chen Bo
Published: April 2024

The concurrent existence of model uncertainties, external disturbances, and actuator faults in a nonlinear system such as a robotic manipulator can significantly affect the trajectory tracking performance of these systems. Therefore this study is devoted to proposing a control approach based on fixed‐time control theory to improve the trajectory tracking performance of the robotic manipulator in the presence of lumped disturbance, including uncertainties, external disturbances, and actuator faults. The control approach in this paper is designed based on the integration of a fixed‐time adaptive sliding mode observer and a fixed‐time non‐singular fast terminal sliding mode control design strategy. Firstly, a new fixed‐time adaptive sliding mode observer is designed based on fixed‐time theory and adaptive control theory to estimate the lumped disturbance present in the system. Then, using the information from the disturbance observer, the fixed‐time non‐singular fast terminal sliding mode control is devised based on a non‐singular fixed‐time sliding surface and a fixed‐time reaching approach. Furthermore, in the sense of the Lyapunov theorem, through rigorous analysis, it is demonstrated that the tracking errors of the closed‐loop system converge to a small neighbourhood within a fixed time, regardless of the information about the initial conditions of the states of the system. Finally, extensive comparative simulations are performed using the PUMA560 robot to manifest the feasibility and validity of the proposed control strategy in terms of trajectory tracking accuracy and fast convergence in the presence of uncertainties, disturbances, and actuator faults.
Optimal allocation of distributed generation in meshed power networks: A metaheuristic approach
Authors: Khan Muhammad Saad , Waheed Danial , Shahzad Sulman , Afzal Suhail , Killic Heybet
Published: April 2024

This paper introduces a novel metaheuristic technique, a COOT‐based algorithm, to determine the optimal Distributed Generation (DG) allocation within a loop‐configured network. This method significantly narrows the optimization gap by leveraging a COOT‐based algorithm, ensuring accelerated convergence and resultant global optima. The core incentive for employing this technique is to substantially mitigate power loss, curtail voltage deviation, and bolster system stability in a loop distribution network. To attain optimal outcomes, the elaborated COOT and improved grey wolf optimization improved grey wolf optimization (IGWO) algorithms were executed on IEEE bus‐33 and 69 mesh distribution networks (MDNs) under varying power factors. The derived mathematical results effectively underscore accomplishing the stipulated objectives: a marked reduction in voltage deviation and power loss coupled with an augmentation in system stability. Notably, at unity, incorporating DGs resulted in a paramount reduction in power loss, attaining a decrease of 78% and 85% for bus‐33 and 69 MDNs, respectively. Moreover, an impressive decrease in power loss by 94% and 98% was observed at the optimal power factor for both MDNs. A comparative evaluation of the results accentuates that the proposed COOT and IGWO algorithms eclipse other documented research in performance, showcasing superior efficiency on a techno‐economic basis.
3D-Kartierung der DMEK-Abhebungsfläche aus OCT-Scans des
vorderen Augensegmentes mit klinischen Anwendungen
Authors: Kladny Anne-Marie S. , Glatz Andreas , Böhringer Daniel , Zander Daniel Bernhard , Lieberum Judith-Lisa , Reinhard Thomas , Wacker Katrin
Published: April 2024

Die häufigste Komplikation nach Descemet-Membran-Endothel-Keratoplastik (DMEK)
ist die Transplantatabhebung. Ausmaß und Vergleich der Abhebung sind mittels
Spaltlampenmikroskopie jedoch nur eingeschränkt beurteilbar. Eine präzise
Quantifizierung und Möglichkeit zur longitudinalen Beurteilung bietet eine
3-D-Höhenkarte mittels Segmentierung und Zusammenführung der VAA-OCT-Aufnahmen
durch ein neuronales Netzwerk. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, einen Überblick über
die neu etablierte 3-D-Kartierung der DMEK-Abhebungsfläche und ihre bisherigen
Anwendungsgebiete zu geben. Die 3-D-Kartierung konnte bereits genutzt werden, um
den Verlauf der natürlichen Transplantatanlage, den Einfluss möglicher
Risikofaktoren wie der postoperativen Lagerung oder den Langzeiteffekt der
Transplantatabhebung zu beurteilen. Die Deep-Learning-basierte Abhebungskarte
zeichnet sich durch ihre Genauigkeit, die standardisierte Bestimmung von
Abhebungsfläche und -volumen auch bei größeren Datensätzen, und die intuitive,
schnelle und verlässliche Auswertbarkeit aus.
Modified Minimally Invasive Bunnell Suture Surgery with Channel-assisted Minimally Invasive Reconstruction Device for Treating Achilles Tendon Rupture
Authors: Li Chao , Li Fu-chun
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study was to improve the process of microincision and endoscopic
surgery for the treatment of Achilles tendon (AT) rupture using the modified
minimally invasive Bunnell suture (MIBS) technique.

From December 2019 to December 2021, 20 patients with AT rupture who visited the
First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (Harbin, China) underwent
MIBS surgery.

A total of 20 patients were included, of whom 18 (90.0%) were male and 2 (10.0%)
were female. The mean age of the patients was 37.75 ± 9.94 years. In terms of the
site of the AT, two (10.0%) had surgery on their left AT. The mean duration of
surgery was 23.00 ± 2.47 minutes, and the mean bleeding volume was 5.00 ± 1.12 mL.
All 20 patients (100%) showed complete incisional healing (stage I healing) and
normal functional recovery (3–6 months postoperatively). There were no cases of
abnormal functional recovery or postoperative recurrence within the 3–6 month
follow-up period. The Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS) significantly
improved post-surgery (83.6 ± 5.59) compared to pretreatment (0.3 ± 0.92,
p < 0.0001), indicating successful patient recovery.

After the modified MIBS surgical process, the operation steps were simplified, the
surgical difficulty was reduced, and the surgical trauma was alleviated, resulting
in good postoperative recovery and patient satisfaction with the outcome. Therefore,
the MIBS surgery has high promotability.
Effects of Air Pollution and Meteorological Conditions on DED: Associated Manifestations and Underlying Mechanisms
Authors: Zhou Hui-Zhong , Liu Xiufen , Zhou Dandan , Shao Fei , Li Qian , Li Dan , He Tianlong , Ren Yu , Lu Cheng-Wei
Published: April 2024

This study aims to explore the associations and the underlying mechanism among dry eye disease (DED), air pollution, and meteorological conditions. DED is positively correlated with air pollutants (i.e., PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, CO, and SO2) and meteorological conditions (i.e., high altitude and wind speed), while negatively associated with relative humidity. Both low and high air temperatures effect DED. Atmospheric pollutants affect DED mainly through necroptosis or autophagy, inflammatory responses, and oxidative stress. Meteorological factors affect DED not only by their own affects but also by dispersing the concentration of air pollutants, and then reducing the negative exposure. In summary, this review may expand the understanding of the effects of air pollution and meteorological factors on DED and emphasize the importance of air environmental protection.
Monitoring Bar Velocity to Quantify Fatigue in Resistance
Training
Authors: Moura Raony Espíndola , Bezerra da Silva Rodrigo Fabio , Gomes Lucas Morais de Souza , Ramos da Silva José Leonardo , Henrique Rafael dos Santos , Sousa Filipe Antônio de Barros , Fonseca Fabiano de Souza
Published: April 2024

We analyzed the effects of load magnitude and bar velocity variables on
sensitivity to fatigue. Seventeen resistance-trained men (age=25.7±4.9 years;
height=177.0±7.2 cm; body mass=77.7±12.3 kg; back-squat 1RM=145.0±33.9 kg;
1RM/body mass=1.86) participated in the study. Pre- and post-exercise changes in
the mean propulsive velocity (MPV) and peak velocity (PV) in the back-squat at
different intensities were compared with variations in the countermovement jump
(CMJ). CMJ height decreased significantly from pre- to post-exercise (∆%=−7.5 to
−10.4; p<0.01; ES=0.37 to 0.60). Bar velocity (MPV and PV) decreased across
all loads (∆%=−4.0 to −12.5; p<0.01; ES=0.32 to 0.66). The decrease in
performance was similar between the CMJ, MPV (40% and 80% 1RM; p=1.00), and PV
(80% 1RM; p=1.00). The magnitude of reduction in CMJ performance was greater
than MPV (60% 1RM; p=0.05) and PV (40% and 60% 1RM; p<0.01) at the
post-exercise moment. Low systematic bias and acceptable levels of agreement
were only found between CMJ and MPV at 40% and 80% 1RM (bias=0.35 to 1.59;
ICC=0.51 to 0.71; CV=5.1% to 8.5%). These findings suggest that the back-squat
at 40% or 80% 1RM using MPV provides optimal sensitivity to monitor fatigue
through changes in bar velocity.
Heterogenization of [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 on Ordered Mesoporous Silica Materials for Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Lebeau Bénédicte , Cormier Morgan , Goddard Jean-Philippe , Sebbat Malik , Lazar Anish , Laurent Claire , Despas Christelle , Vilà Neus , Walcarius Alain , McClenaghan Nathan , Oheix Emmanuel
Published: April 2024

Herein, the preparation and characterization of three Ru-based heterogeneous photocatalysts supported on ordered mesoporous silica materials are reported. The photocatalytic activity of these catalysts was evaluated through oxidation, reduction, cycloaddition, and carboxylation reactions and their efficiencies are comparable to the parent [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 under homogeneous conditions. These photocatalysts are efficiently recovered even after five reaction cycles offering new opportunities in sustainable chemistry.
Periodontal Health and Microbiological Characteristics of Siwak (Chewing Stick) and Toothbrush Users: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yasmin Winarni , Vaithilingam Rathna Devi , Halib Nadia , Mohamad Hanafiah Rohazila , Ramli Haslinda
Published: April 2024

Objective Siwak is a chewing stick used to clean the teeth and oral structures. Many studies have been conducted to assess the potential use of siwak in dentistry and concluded that it can be an alternative to a toothbrush in reducing plaque and gingivitis. However, some observations have reported more periodontal attachment loss and gingival recession among siwak users. This study aimed to compare the periodontal health and oral microbial characteristics between siwak and toothbrush users.

Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional study, and participants were recruited from the public who attended community engagement programs. They were assigned to two groups based on whether they used siwak or a toothbrush. Participants who consented were examined for periodontal health. Supragingival and subgingival plaque samples were collected for bacterial identification and quantification.

Statistical Analysis The SPSS package version 21.0 was used for data entry. Data normality was statistically tested using Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests, while data comparison used either t-test or Mann–Whitney U test.

Results A total of 36 participants were included in this study. The findings revealed that the plaque scores, bleeding scores, and periodontal pocket depths between siwak and toothbrush users were comparable (p > 0.05). Both groups had no evidence of gingival recession. Most participants had bacteria with characteristics of Streptococcus spp., which were present in 12 toothbrush users and 6 siwak users.

Conclusions The periodontal health status of siwak users was comparable to that of toothbrush users. Despite this, siwak users had fewer types of bacteria than toothbrush users, suggesting that siwak may serve as an alternative device to conventional toothbrushes for oral hygiene when properly used.
Difficulties and Disparities in Colorectal Cancer End-of-Life Care: A Patient's Story
Authors: Ranson Stacy , Noreika Danielle , Rivet Emily B.
Published: April 2024

Patients with advanced colorectal cancer nearing the end of life require a multidisciplinary approach to address the unique challenges they face. Using a case vignette, we outline the various stages of a patient's journey with advanced rectal cancer and the common obstacles to their care as they interface with the medical system. We highlight how Black persons might be vulnerable to differences in screening, treatment, procedural interventions, end-of-life care, and health care decision-making. The article also addresses how health inequities and barriers relating to concordant treatment goals can impact the relationship between patient and surgeon. This vignette illustrates the importance of ensuring a team approach to treatment and the value of early involvement of palliative medicine for patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
Frailty-based mortality models and reserving for longevity risk
Authors: Carannante Maria , D’amato Valeria , Haberman Steven , Menzietti Massimiliano
Published: April 2024

For the life insurance industry and pension schemes, mortality projections are critical for accurately managing exposure to longevity risk in terms of both premium setting and reserving. Frailty has been identified as an important latent factor underpinning the evolution of mortality rates. It represents the comorbidities that drive the deterioration of the human body’s physiological capacity. In this paper, we propose a stochastic mortality model that incorporates the trend in frailty, and we analyse the gap between the actuarial evaluations of premiums and technical provisions calculated under frailty-based and traditional stochastic mortality models. We observe that the frailty-based model leads to higher levels of uncertainty in estimates and projections (compared to a traditional stochastic mortality model), which is attributed to the explicit modelling of the comorbidities. This leads to proposing a potentially important policy-oriented recommendation: the incorporation of frailty in mortality modelling would allow for the profiling of mortality according to the portfolio in force for the insurer (or pension scheme), thereby mitigating the problem of adverse selection.
Emotions and positive anti-communism during the early Cold War: the case of the Bilderberg Group
Authors: Gijswijt Thomas W.
Published: April 2024

In the early 1950s, the Bilderberg Group became one of the first high-level informal transatlantic elite networks of the cold war. This article examines how the discussions at the Bilderberg Meetings were affected by the emotional nature of anti-communism on both sides of the Atlantic. On the one hand, ‘negative’ emotions resulting from the fear of communist infiltration and aggression could lead to the strengthening of transatlantic bonds. On the other hand, differences in political responses to communism could also lead to emotionally charged disagreements, as the first Bilderberg Conference in 1954 showed. As a result, the transatlantic discourse about anti-communism shifted towards the search for a strategy of positive anti-communism. The most important expression of this shift was the project of European integration.
FPGA-based plasma sterilization device for wound-edge recognition
Authors: Lu Huijuan , Tang Xiaorong , Li Minglei , Jiang Xueping , Xiao Wenxiang , Li Hua
Published: April 2024

There is a currently a lack of large-area plasma sterilization devices that can intelligently identify the shape of a wound for automatic sterilization. For this reason, in this work, a plasma sterilization device with wound-edge recognition was developed using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and a high-performance image-processing platform to realize intelligent and precise sterilization of wounds. SOLIDWORKS was used to design the mechanical structure of the device, and it was manufactured using 3D printing. The device used an improvement of the traditional Sobel detection algorithm, which extends the detection of edges in only the x and y directions to eight directions (0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270°, and 315°), completing the wound-edge detection by adaptive thresholding. The device can be controlled according to different shapes of sterilization area to adjust the positioning of a single plasma-jet tube in the horizontal plane for two-dimensional movement; the distance between the plasma-jet tube and the surface of the object to be sterilized can be also adjusted in the vertical direction. In this way, motors are used to move the plasma jet and achieve automatic, efficient, and accurate plasma sterilization. It was found that a good sterilization effect could be achieved at both the culture-medium level and the biological-tissue level. The ideal sterilization parameters at the culture-medium level were a speed of 2 mm/s and a flow rate of 0.6 slm, while at the biological-tissue level, these values were 1 mm/s and 0.6 slm, respectively.
Radially polarized light in single particle optical extinction microscopy identifies silver nanoplates
Authors: Alabdullah Furqan , Singh Vikramdeep , Payne Lukas , Regan David , Masia Francesco , Rocha Victoria G. , Langbein Wolfgang , Borri Paola
Published: April 2024

Quantifying the optical extinction cross section of a single plasmonic nanoparticle (NP) has recently emerged as a powerful method to characterize the NP morphometry, i.e., size and shape, with a precision comparable to electron microscopy while using a simple optical microscope. Here, we enhance the capabilities of extinction microscopy by introducing a high numerical aperture annular illumination coupled with a radial polarizer to generate a strong axial polarization component. This enables us to probe the NP response to axial polarized light, and, in turn, to distinguish flat-lying nanoplates from other geometries. Polarization-resolved optical extinction cross sections were acquired on 219 individual colloidal silver NPs of a nominally triangular nanoplate shape but, in practice, exhibiting heterogeneous morphometries, including decahedrons and non-plate spheroids. An unsupervised machine learning cluster analysis algorithm was developed, which allowed us to separate NPs into different groups, owing to the measured differences in cross sections. Comparison of the measurements with a computational model of the absorption and scattering cross section accounting for nanoplates of varying geometries beyond simple triangles provided insight into the NP shape of each group. The results provide a significant improvement of polarization-resolved optical extinction microscopy to reconstruct NP shapes, further boosting the utility of the method as an alternative to electron microscopy analysis.
Model discovery approach enables noninvasive measurement of intra-tumoral fluid transport in dynamic MRI
Authors: Woodall Ryan T. , Esparza Cora C. , Gutova Margarita , Wang Maosen , Cunningham Jessica J. , Brummer Alexander B. , Stine Caleb A. , Brown Christine C. , Munson Jennifer M. , Rockne Russell C.
Published: April 2024

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is a routine method to noninvasively quantify perfusion dynamics in tissues. The standard practice for analyzing DCE-MRI data is to fit an ordinary differential equation to each voxel. Recent advances in data science provide an opportunity to move beyond existing methods to obtain more accurate measurements of fluid properties. Here, we developed a localized convolutional function regression that enables simultaneous measurement of interstitial fluid velocity, diffusion, and perfusion in 3D. We validated the method computationally and experimentally, demonstrating accurate measurement of fluid dynamics in situ and in vivo. Applying the method to human MRIs, we observed tissue-specific differences in fluid dynamics, with an increased fluid velocity in breast cancer as compared to brain cancer. Overall, our method represents an improved strategy for studying interstitial flows and interstitial transport in tumors and patients. We expect that our method will contribute to the better understanding of cancer progression and therapeutic response.
Investigating cartilage-related diseases by polarization-resolved second harmonic generation (P-SHG) imaging
Authors: Makkithaya Kausalya Neelavara , Mazumder Nirmal , Wang Wei-Hsun , Chen Wei-Liang , Chen Ming-Chi , Lee Ming-Xin , Lin Chin-Yu , Yeh Yung-Ju , Tsay Gregory J. , Chopperla Sitaram , Mahato Krishna Kishore , Kao Fu-Jen , Zhuo Guan-Yu
Published: April 2024

Establishing quantitative parameters for differentiating between healthy and diseased cartilage tissues by examining collagen fibril degradation patterns facilitates the understanding of tissue characteristics during disease progression. These findings could also complement existing clinical methods used to diagnose cartilage-related diseases. In this study, cartilage samples from normal, osteoarthritis (OA), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) tissues were prepared and analyzed using polarization-resolved second harmonic generation (P-SHG) imaging and quantitative image texture analysis. The enhanced molecular contrast obtained from this approach is expected to aid in distinguishing between healthy and diseased cartilage tissues. P-SHG image analysis revealed distinct parameters in the cartilage samples, reflecting variations in collagen fibril arrangement and organization across different pathological states. Normal tissues exhibited distinct χ33/χ31 values compared with those of OA and RA, indicating collagen type transition and cartilage erosion with chondrocyte swelling, respectively. Compared with those of normal tissues, OA samples demonstrated a higher degree of linear polarization, suggesting increased tissue birefringence due to the deposition of type-I collagen in the extracellular matrix. The distribution of the planar orientation of collagen fibrils revealed a more directional orientation in the OA samples, associated with increased type-I collagen, while the RA samples exhibited a heterogeneous molecular orientation. This study revealed that the imaging technique, the quantitative analysis of the images, and the derived parameters presented in this study could be used as a reference for disease diagnostics, providing a clear understanding of collagen fibril degradation in cartilage.
Three-phase equilibria of hydrates from computer simulation. III. Effect of dispersive interactions in the methane and carbon dioxide hydrates
Authors: Algaba J. , Blazquez S. , Míguez J. M. , Conde M. M. , Blas F. J.
Published: April 2024

In this work, the effect of the range of dispersive interactions in determining the three-phase coexistence line of the CO2 and CH4 hydrates has been studied. In particular, the temperature (T3) at which solid hydrate, water, and liquid CO2/gas CH4 coexist has been determined through molecular dynamics simulations using different cutoff values (from 0.9 to 1.6 nm) for dispersive interactions. The T3 of both hydrates has been determined using the direct coexistence simulation technique. Following this method, the three phases in equilibrium are put together in the same simulation box, the pressure is fixed, and simulations are performed at different temperatures T. If the hydrate melts, then T > T3. Conversely, if the hydrate grows, then T < T3. The effect of the cutoff distance on the dissociation temperature has been analyzed at three different pressures for CO2 hydrate: 100, 400, and 1000 bar. Then, we have changed the guest and studied the effect of the cutoff distance on the dissociation temperature of the CH4 hydrate at 400 bar. Moreover, the effect of long-range corrections for dispersive interactions has been analyzed by running simulations with homo- and inhomogeneous corrections and a cutoff value of 0.9 nm. The results obtained in this work highlight that the cutoff distance for the dispersive interactions affects the stability conditions of these hydrates. This effect is enhanced when the pressure is decreased, displacing the T3 about 2–4 K depending on the system and the pressure.
Tracing the classical molecular nature of entropy generation
Authors: Peters Michael H.
Published: April 2024

The second law of thermodynamics and the concept of positive entropy generation are analyzed following classical statistical mechanics methods. Previously, using the generalized Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy and its associated general entropy conservation relation, positive entropy generation expressions were obtained in agreement with phenomenological results and the work of Boltzmann and Gibbs. In this study, using the general approach, we formally and explicitly trace the specific entropy generation expressions to truncations in the full N-body description of the entropy state to a lower s-body description. Using higher-order superposition approximations, it is formally shown that the generalized Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy in the s-order state is always less than the corresponding Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy in the lower (s − 1)-order state. Using the general form of the entropy conservation equation, entropy generation is shown to be a required compensatory effect to ensure that all physical variables and physical processes associated with heat, work, temperature, etc., are independent of the particular entropy definition state.
First-principles study of superconducting transition temperature of niobium and vanadium as a function of pressure
Authors: Oli Himal , Acharya Bibek , Adhikari Narayan Prasad
Published: April 2024

Ultra-high pressure has recently led to the observation of high Tc superconductors. The exploration of superconducting properties under high pressure conditions offers valuable insights into the fundamental mechanisms governing superconductivity and opens avenues for the synthesis of novel materials with enhanced superconducting properties. In this study, the superconducting transition temperature, Tc, for niobium and vanadium has been investigated to maximum pressures of 250.0 and 70.0 GPa, respectively. Density functional theory and density functional perturbation theory were used to undertake first-principles computations to investigate the variations of superconducting properties under pressure. For both the metals niobium (Nb) and vanadium (V), we observed that the density of states at the Fermi level decreased, while the overall phonon frequency generally increased with pressure. For Nb, we find that the electron–phonon coupling constant (λ) and the superconducting transition temperature (Tc) decrease steadily with pressure; however, for V, we find that λ and Tc decrease smoothly up to 26.0 GPa, and then gradually increase to 70.0 GPa pressure. The observed phonon spectrum nature for both Nb and V is in good agreement with the neutron scattering approach’s output.