bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Topic Choice on Performance Outcomes: An Analysis of Student Selected Third Year Essays
Authors: Crookes Annie
Published: November 2010

The role of choice in assessment topic on performance has not been properly addressed in the literature on learning strategies. Therefore, the present study forms the basis for an initial analysis of this issue. The study describes an investigation into the effects of freedom of assessment topic choice on students' performance. This follows suggestions from students that they do not perform as well on essays to which they have been arbitrarily assigned due to a decrease in interest, understanding and motivation to perform. Student performance was compared on self-selected and non-selected topics. The effects of choice were analysed by cohort, practice and marker effects. Academic ability was controlled for by a within subject design. The analysis found mixed evidence for increased performance when students are allowed to choose the topic of interest. The concept of student choice and how to balance this with practical limitations is discussed in light of the results and areas of further research are suggested.
Learning about the Means to the End: What US Introductory Psychology Students Report about Experimental Participation
Authors: Darling Jessica , Goedert Kelly , Ceynar Michelle , Shore Wendelyn , Anderson Dana
Published: November 2010

Previous research has shown that when asked to rate their agreement with statements regarding their attitudes towards participation in psychological experiments, students reported that their participation was of educational value (e.g., Bowman and Waite, 2003; Landrum and Chastain, 1995). We investigated what kinds of learning experiences students would report when prompted with open ended questions regarding their participation. Four open ended questions asked how seriously participants took the research experience, what participants gained from studies, what were commonalties among the studies and how their classroom experience helped with understanding the experiments. In addition to reporting that they took their participation seriously, students reported that they learned not only about psychological content but also about the process of conducting psychological research.
Information Leaflets: An Evaluation of an Innovative form of Assessment
Authors: McGann Deborah , King Sara , Sillence Elizabeth
Published: November 2010

Traditionally, assessment in psychology degrees has relied on essays, practical reports and examinations. However, over recent years, many institutions have begun to explore and develop alternative forms of assessment with a greater emphasis on skills development. This report presents an evaluation of one such form of alternative summative assessment; the development and critique of an information leaflet. The assessment was evaluated using written feedback comments and a focus group. The findings of the evaluation suggest that this form of assessment is a useful and effective method of helping students to attain the learning outcomes required, whilst enhancing and broadening their skills and deepening their knowledge and understanding of a topic area.
Helping First Year Students Think Like Psychologists: Supporting Information Literacy and Teamwork Skill Development
Authors: Cranney Jacquelyn , Morris Sue , Spehar Branka , Scoufis Michele
Published: November 2010

The current research implemented and evaluated (a) a programme targeting the development of information literacy skills (ILS) (Study 1) and (b) a team skills development programme (Study 2), with first year psychology students in Psychology 1A and Psychology 1B, respectively. In Study 1, five online ILS modules were developed. Students completed pre and post measures of learning and evaluative measures and applied these skills in the completion of several other assessment tasks. There was an improvement in all pre to post measures and students reported liking the modules and evaluated them as useful. In Study 2, students were required to complete a group research project. Ratings of group processes (e.g. productivity and cohesiveness), were obtained early and late in the programme, as well as summative evaluative ratings. The objective (mean final group mark) and subjective (evaluative) measures indicated that the groups functioned effectively. Focus group data obtained for both studies corroborated the quantitative findings. Both programmes appeared to be effective and the findings are discussed in light of their relevance to ‘thinking like a psychologist’.
Neuroimaging in Psychology: The Portrayal of Key Radiological Techniques in Contemporary Texts
Authors: Llewellyn David , Hodrien Alison , Llewellyn Victoria
Published: November 2010

Neuroimaging is increasingly important in psychology, yet psychologists can fall prey to misconceptions. We examined the presentation of key radiological techniques in 12 widely distributed contemporary psychology texts. Errors were common in descriptions of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). For example, PET images are generated by detecting pairs of photons, not the direct measurement of positrons. Similarly, many authors omit the need for a radio frequency pulse in MRI, implying that the technique simply relies on the application of a magnetic field. Misconceptions should be addressed in an attempt to reduce levels of confusion and maximise the contribution of neuroimaging data to psychological theorising.
Collaborative Learning Alongside Independent Project Work: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hugh-Jones Siobhan , Madill Anna
Published: November 2010

Driven by questions about whether final-year project work truly facilitates autonomous learning, we conducted a pilot study to examine whether collaborative learning could challenge authority-dependence in a small sample of final-year psychology students (N = 20). We observed student engagement in six structured collaborative learning sessions and collected students' evaluation of them with regards to how useful the sessions were to them and the extent to which they felt able to contribute. Findings indicate that students benefited from the general support afforded by the group and were willing to learn from each other, except when faced with uncertainty about reliability of peer advice or with unequal contributions from group members. Notably, students were defensive about research decisions made with their project supervisor. This study offers tentative evidence that collaborative learning can address student anxieties about independent work, but that it does not necessarily challenge authority-dependence.
Developing Synergy between Teaching and Research
Authors: Humphreys Jane
Published: November 2010

This report discusses balancing the demands of teaching and research, a topic of two workshops held at the University of the West of England and at the 2008 Psychology Learning and Teaching Conference (PLAT 2008) in Bath. Based on the responses to the workshop activities and discussions, this paper describes some of the challenges faced by psychology academics in fulfilling the requirements of the teaching and research aspects of their work, and suggests some ways of managing these conflicting demands. It is proposed that a fruitful approach might be to see the two aspects as synergistic, and some techniques are suggested that might foster this reconciliation.
First Year Employment Outcomes of US Psychology Graduates Revisited: Need for a Degree, Salary, and Relatedness to the Major
Authors: Rajecki D. W. , Borden Victor M. H.
Published: November 2010

Alumni survey responses from a multi-major (multi-course), United States university sample (c. 2003–06, N = 1760) provided a replication and extension of previous research on patterns of graduates' first-year employment outcomes. Compared with graduates from the fields of nursing/allied health, business, engineering/technology, and education, new psychology and humanities/social sciences alumni tended to have jobs that locate individuals in low tiers of features including need for a college degree, salary, and relatedness to one's major program of study (course). These patterns of employment outcomes for US psychology graduates are generally similar to those on record for liberal education (nonvocational) graduates in the United Kingdom. Results are discussed in the context of established occupational constructs such as person-job ft, congruence, career compromise, and education mismatch.
Shortlisting from the Clearing House Application Form: Is it Fit for Purpose?
Authors: Simpson Jane , Hemmings Rachel , Daiches Anna , Amor Cathy
Published: November 2010

Although many clinical psychology courses are now making use of validated selection tools, changes in selection processes are almost entirely focused on the post-shortlisting part of the process. The large numbers of applicants who regularly apply to get on courses has led to a traditional reliance on information supplied on the application forms used by the Clearing House (the organisation responsible for coordinating all applications to British clinical psychology training courses), including the academic and clinical references. Training courses tend to outline minimum entry requirements which are, typically, a 2(i) degree or better, a minimum of six to 12 months' relevant experience, graduate basis for registration with the British Psychological Society (BPS) and European Union citizenship. These minimum entry requirements enable a first phase screening process to take place. Following this phase a closer analysis of the application form takes place, with most courses assigning candidates scores along various criteria. These criteria are not always explicitly outlined by courses, but courses seem to try to quantify applicants in similar areas. For example, candidates can be rated on qualifications, motivation, realism, experience and references. However, the shortlisting process depends fundamentally on the belief that the information we collect via the application form predicts the best trainees. For example, previous clinical experience is rated highly and usually gains the applicants extra points. Similarly, further academic qualifications such as masters are also privileged. However, the question remains as to how shortlisting can be based on these assumptions when so little evidence exists. While the notion that a standard or baseline is probably important, where is the evidence that these sorts of experiences should be given added value? This article argues that evidence from occupational psychology and our own empirical research at Lancaster suggests the shortlisting component of our selection criteria needs a radical evaluation and overhaul to make it ft for purpose.
Infantile Osteopetrosis and Juvenile Xanthogranuloma Presenting Together in a Newborn: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Almarzooqi Saeeda , Reed Suzanne , Fung Bonita , Boué Daniel R. , Prasad Vinay , Pietryga Daniel
Published: November 2010

Osteopetrosis (OP) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by increased bone density. Associations between OP and other clinical entities are rare but include muscular degeneration, Dandy-Walker syndrome, craniosynostosis, and poikiloderma. Infantile OP has also been diagnosed in a group of infants with neuronal storage disease. An association between OP and juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) has never been previously reported. Herein we present a case of an intermediate form of OP in a newborn who presented with hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia. Histologic evaluation of a bone marrow biopsy demonstrated abnormally thickened bony trabeculae. A liver biopsy demonstrated prominent expansion of portal areas by a histiocytic infiltrate expressing CD45, CD14, CD68, CD163, factor XIIIa, and fascin, while the biopsy was negative for S100 and CD1a. These findings were those associated with JXG. Genetic testing demonstrated a mutation involving the Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 (PLEKHM1) gene. A different mutation in this gene has been previously reported in one other patient with OP. Our case is the 2nd reported case with PLEKHM1 mutation in a patient with a mild form of OP. It also demonstrates the 1st reported occurrence of OP concomitantly with JXG.
Mineralogy and Cultural Heritage
Authors: Artioli Gilberto
Published: November 2010

In recent years there has been an escalation in the number of mineralogical studies involving cultural heritage materials. A number of factors have contributed to this exponential growth, including the shrinking budgets in traditional research fields, which forced the expansion of applications
of mineralogical methods to novel research areas. Mineralogy as a discipline is traditionally connected to geology, petrology, and geochemistry, although it also has the strong tendency to embody the methods and techniques of modern crystallography and advanced materials science. Arguably,
this makes it ideally suited and well equipped to meet the demanding challenges posed by archaeometric analysis and conservation problems. A few case studies linking mineralogy and archaeometry are discussed.
Synthetic Calcium Phosphate Ceramics for Treatment of Bone Fractures
Authors: Döbelin Nicola , Luginbühl Reto , Bohner Marc
Published: November 2010

Bone is a complex natural material with outstanding mechanical properties and remarkable self-healing capabilities. The mechanical strength is achieved by a complex structure of a mineral part comprising apatitic calcium phosphate crystals embedded in an organic matrix. Bone also contains
several types of cells constantly replacing mature bone with new bone. These cells are able to seal fractures and fill gaps with new bone in case of structural damage. However, if a defect exceeds a critical size, surgery is necessary to fill the void with a spacer in order to prevent soft
tissue from growing into the defect and delaying the healing process. The spacers, also known as bone grafts, can either be made of fresh bone from the patient, of processed bone from donor organisms, or of synthetic materials chemically similar to the mineral part of bone. Synthetic bone
void fillers are also known as bone graft substitutes. This review aims at explaining the biological and chemical background that lead to the development of synthetic bone graft substitutes and gives an overview of the current state of development. It also highlights the multidisciplinary
nature of biomaterials research, which combines cell biology and medicine with chemistry, mineralogy, crystallography, and mechanical engineering.
Cation Ordering and Superstructures in Natural Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Krivovichev Sergey V. , Yakovenchuk Victor N. , Zolotarev Andrey A. , Ivanyuk Gregory N. , Pakhomovsky Yakov A.
Published: November 2010

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) constitute an important group of materials with many applications ranging from catalysis and absorption to carriers for drug delivery, DNA intercalation and carbon dioxide sequestration. The structures of LDHs are based upon double brucite-like hydroxide
layers [M2+nM3+m(OH)2(m+n)]m+, where M2+ = Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, etc.; M3+ = Al3+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Mn3+, etc.
Structural features of LDHs such as cation ordering, charge distribution and polytypism have an immediate influence upon their properties. However, all the structural studies on synthetic LDHs deal with powder samples that prevent elucidation of such fine details of structure architecture
as formation of superstructures due to cation ordering. In contrast to synthetic materials, natural LDHs are known to form single crystals accessible to single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, which provides a unique possibility to investigate 3D cation ordering in LDHs that results in
formation of complex superstructures, where 2D cation order is combined with a specific order of layer stacking (polytypism). Therefore LDH minerals provide an indispensable source of structural information for modeling of structures and processes happening in LDHs at the molecular and nanoscale
levels.
Meteorites: Messengers from the Early Solar System
Authors: Hofmann Beda A.
Published: November 2010

Meteorites are fragments from solar system bodies, dominantly asteroids. A small fraction is derived from the Moon and from Mars. These rocks tell a rich history of the early solar system and range from solids little changed since the earliest phases of solid matter condensation in
the solar nebula (chondrites) to material representing asteroidal metamorphism and melting, impact processes on the Moon and even aqueous alteration near the surface of Mars. Meteorites are very rare. Currently many meteorites result from searches in Antarctica and the hot deserts of North
Africa and Arabia. The present high find rate likely represents a unique short-term event, asking for a careful management of this scarce scientific resource.
Legal termination of a pregnancy resulting from transplanted cryopreserved ovarian tissue
Authors: Greve Tine , Ernst Erik , Markholt Sara , Schmidt Kirsten T. , Andersen Claus Y.
Published: November 2010

Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is a promising new technique for fertility preservation in patients facing gonadotoxic treatment. Ovarian tissue is extracted and cryo‐stored at low temperature prior to treatment. If the woman becomes menopausal, the tissue can be transplanted and a few months later the woman will start to ovulate and be able to conceive, naturally or with assisted reproduction treatment. Currently, 12 healthy children have been born worldwide as a result of transplanting frozen/thawed ovarian tissue. Of these children 3 are Danish and a number of other Danish women are currently attempting to become pregnant. One of these women conceived naturally and had a normal intrauterine pregnancy following transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue. However, the woman decided to terminate the pregnancy within the legal time frame. This pregnancy imposes cryopreservation of ovarian tissue for fertility preservation as a valid method and illustrates that personal life circumstances may rapidly change.
Self‐reported smoking habits and serum cotinine levels in women with placental abruption
Authors: Tikkanen Minna , Surcel Heljä‐Marja , Bloigu Aini , Nuutila Mika , Ylikorkala Olavi , Hiilesmaa Vilho , Paavonen Jorma
Published: November 2010

Objective. Smoking is an important risk factor for placental abruption with strong dose‐dependency. Pregnant smokers often underreport tobacco use which can be objectively assessed by measuring serum cotinine levels. We examined the accuracy between self‐reported smoking habits and early pregnancy serum cotinine levels in women with or without placental abruption. Design. Retrospective case‐control study. Setting. University Hospital. Population. A total of 175 women with placental abruption and 370 control women. Methods. Serum samples collected during the first trimester were analyzed for serum cotinine levels. Cotinine concentration over 15 ng/ml was considered as the cutoff indicating active smoking. Smoking habits of the women and their partners were recorded at the same visit. Main outcome measure. Placental abruption. Results. Of the cases of women with placental abruption, 27.4% reported smoking compared with 14.3% of the controls (p < 0.001). Based on serum cotinine levels, 30.3% of the case women and 17.6% of the control women were considered smokers (p = 0.003). Serum cotinine levels among smokers were higher in the abruption group than in the control group (median 229.5 ng/ml (interquartile range 169.8–418.1) vs. 153.5 ng/ml (56.6–241.4), p = 0.002). Self‐reported number of cigarettes smoked daily correlated well with the cotinine levels (r = 0.68, p < 0.001). Of the women reporting as nonsmokers, approximately 7% were considered smokers based on cotinine testing. Conclusion. Pregnant women with subsequent placental abruption are heavier smokers than pregnant control women. Self‐reported smoking habits correlate well with serum cotinine levels in Finland. Therefore, self‐reported smoking can be considered as a risk marker for placental abruption.
Extended endoscopic endonasal approach for selected pituitary adenomas: early experience
Authors: Di Maio Salvatore , Cavallo Luigi M. , Esposito Felice , Stagno Vita , Corriero Olga Valeria , Cappabianca Paolo
Published: November 2010

Object

Whereas most pituitary adenomas are removable via the transsphenoidal approach, certain cases, such as dumbbell-shaped or suprasellar adenomas and recurrent and/or fibrous tumors, remain difficult to treat. The authors present their experience with the extended endoscopic endonasal approach to the suprasellar area in managing this subset of tumors, which are classically treated through a transcranial route.

Methods

From June 1997 to December 2008, 615 patients underwent endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas in the Department of Neurosurgery of the Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II. Of this group, 20 patients with pituitary adenomas needed an extended endoscopic endonasal transtuberculum/transplanum approach for tumor removal. Two surgical corridors were used during the transsphenoidal approach: 1) the conventional endosellar extraarachnoidal corridor and 2) a suprasellar transarachnoidal corridor.

Results

The extent of resection was gross total in 12 (60%) of the 20 patients, near total in 4 (20%), subtotal in 3 (15%), and partial in 1 (5%). Postoperative CSF leakage occurred in 1 patient. One patient experienced worsening of temporal hemianopsia.

Conclusions

The authors' initial results with the extended endoscopic approach to the suprasellar area for selected pituitary adenomas are promising and may justify a widening of the current classical indications for transsphenoidal surgery.
Network Edge Intelligence for the Emerging Next-Generation Internet
Authors: Islam Salekul , Grégoire Jean-Charles
Published: November 2010

The success of the Content Delivery Networks (CDN) in the recent years has demonstrated the increased benefits of the deployment of some form of “intelligence” within the network. Cloud computing, on the other hand, has shown the benefits of economies of scale and the use of a generic infrastructure to support a variety of services. Following that trend, we propose to move away from the smart terminal-dumb network dichotomy to a model where some degree of intelligence is put back into the network, specifically at the edge, with the support of Cloud technology. In this paper, we propose the deployment of an Edge Cloud, which integrates a variety of user-side and server-side services. On the user side, surrogate, an application running on top of the Cloud, supports a virtual client. The surrogate hides the underlying network infrastructure from the user, thus allowing for simpler, more easily managed terminals. Network side services supporting delivery of and exploiting content are also deployed on this infrastructure, giving the Internet Service Providers (ISP) many opportunities to become directly involved in content and service delivery.
N,N'-1,2-Phenylenebis[4-(chloromethyl)benzamide]
Authors: Bachl Jürgen , Díaz David D.
Published: November 2010

N,N'-1,2-Phenylenebis[4-(chloromethyl)benzamide] (3) was obtained in 61% yield by nucleophilic acyl substitution of 4-(chloromethyl)benzoyl chloride (2) with 1,2-phenylenediamine (1) under basic conditions. The title compound was characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, low- and high-resolution EI-MS, and melting point.
Antimicrobial Metabolites from the Endophytic Fungus Pichia guilliermondii Isolated from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis
Authors: Zhao Jianglin , Mou Yan , Shan Tijiang , Li Yan , Zhou Ligang , Wang Mingan , Wang Jingguo
Published: November 2010

Three steroids and one nordammarane triterpenoid were isolated for the first time from the endophytic fungus Pichia guilliermondii Ppf9 derived from the medicinal plant Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. By means of physicochemical and spectrometric analysis, they were identified as ergosta-5,7,22-trienol (1), 5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (2), ergosta-7,22-dien-3β,5α,6β-triol (3), and helvolic acid (4). Both micro-dilution-colorimetric and spore germination assays were employed to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. Among them, helvolic acid (4) exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against all test bacteria, with MIC values ranging from 1.56 µg/mL to 50 µg/mL, and IC50 values from 0.98 µg/mL to 33.19 µg/mL. It also showed strong inhibitory activity on the spore germination of Magnaporthe oryzae with an IC50 value of 7.20 µg/mL. Among the three steroids, 5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (2) exhibited relatively strong antimicrobial activity. The results suggest that the endophytic fungus Pichia guillermondii Ppf9 could be a candidate for producing helvolic acid, and the metabolites from this fungus could be potentially developed as antimicrobial agents in the future.
Application of Sensing Techniques to Cellular Force Measurement
Authors: Li Bin , Wang James H.-C.
Published: November 2010

Cell traction forces (CTFs) are the forces produced by cells and exerted on extracellular matrix or an underlying substrate. CTFs function to maintain cell shape, enable cell migration, and generate and detect mechanical signals. As such, they play a vital role in many fundamental biological processes, including angiogenesis, inflammation, and wound healing. Therefore, a close examination of CTFs can enable better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of such processes. To this end, various force-sensing techniques for CTF measurement have been developed over the years. This article will provide a concise review of these sensing techniques and comment on the needs for improved force-sensing technologies for cell mechanics and biology research.
Structures of Annulenes and Model Annulene Systems in the Ground and Lowest Excited States
Authors: Gellini Cristina , Salvi Pier Remigio
Published: November 2010

The paper introduces general considerations on structural properties of aromatic, antiaromatic and non-aromatic conjugated systems in terms of potential energy along bond length alternation and distortion coordinates, taking as examples benzene, cyclobutadiene and cyclooctatetraene. Pentalene, formally derived from cyclooctatetraene by cross linking, is also considered as a typical antiaromatic system. The main interest is concerned with [n]annulenes and model [n]annulene molecular systems, n ranging from 10 to 18. The rich variety of conformational and configurational isomers and of dynamical processes among them is described. Specific attention is devoted to bridged [10]- and [14]annulenes in the ground and lowest excited states as well as to s-indacene and biphenylene. Experimental data obtained from vibrational and electronic spectroscopies are discussed and compared with ab initio calculation results. Finally, porphyrin, tetraoxaporphyrin dication and diprotonated porphyrin are presented as annulene structures adopting planar/non-planar geometries depending on the steric hindrance in the inner macrocycle ring. Radiative and non-radiative relaxation processes from excited state levels have been observed by means of time-resolved fluorescence and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. A short account is also given of porphycene, the structural isomer of porphyrin, and of porphycene properties.
Evaluating Outcomes: Evidence of Success
Authors: Gibbs Jeanne Q. , Reissour Sandra M.
Published: November 2010

This column describes the evolution of annual reports from statistics-focused to outcomes-focused. This has led to nurse planners’ having more comfort and skill reporting changes that result from continuing nursing education activities.
What Do Surgical Oncology Staff Nurses Know About Colorectal Cancer Ostomy Care?
Authors: Gemmill Robin , Kravits Kathy , Ortiz Mildred , Anderson Casandra , Lai Lily , Grant Marcia
Published: November 2010

Background:

For most patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer, dealing with the adjustment and rehabilitation after treatment can be overwhelming. There is a significant need for expert educational and counseling support, especially for the patient with a new ostomy. This pilot study describes acute care oncology staff nurses’ knowledge about and attitudes toward providing direct ostomy care support and education. This study is part of a larger project assessing gaps in education and services in support of patients with colorectal cancer.

Methods:

The Survey on Ostomy Care questionnaire designed to assess nurses’ knowledge about and attitudes toward ostomy care was administered to oncology staff nurses at a comprehensive cancer center.

Results:

Only 30% of staff nurses surveyed strongly agreed or agreed with the statement, “I care for ostomy patients often enough to keep up my skills in ostomy care.” Maintaining staff nurses’ ability to teach and demonstrate to patients complex care such as ostomy care depends on the ability to practice both education and hands-on skills. Staff nurses identify that lack of opportunity to care for the new ostomy patient influences their ability to maintain skill expertise.

Conclusion:

The results show the need to explore the provision of ongoing staff education for low-volume patient populations using creative teaching strategies, such as clinical simulation and short videos.
Perceived Health, Life Satisfaction, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Elderly Korean Immigrants and Elderly Koreans
Authors: Sin Mo-Kyung , Chae Young-Ran , Choe Myoung-Ae , Murphy Patrick , Kim Jeungim , Jeon Mi-Yang
Published: November 2010

Acknowledging that changes in sociocultural environment influence health status, the purpose of this study was to compare perceived health, life satisfaction, and cardiovascular health in elderly Korean immigrants and elderly Koreans. In this cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of 88 elderly Korean immigrants and 295 elderly Koreans 65 and older were recruited from Korean communities in the United States and Korea. Respondents’ perceived health was measured by self-assessment; life satisfaction was self-assessed using a dichotomous scale of general satisfaction with life; and cardiovascular health status was surveyed by self-report of major diagnosed cardiovascular risk factors (i.e., hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus) and body mass index measurement for obesity. Despite having better perceived health and life satisfaction, elderly Korean immigrants also had higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. The findings provide health care providers with useful information for effective health assessment of minority immigrants.
Delirium Superimposed on Dementia
Authors: Flanagan Nina M. , Fick Donna M.
Published: November 2010

Delirium remains a significant risk for hospitalized older adults and has been shown to be a persistent risk posthospitalization as well. Dementia is a risk factor for delirium. The prevalence of delirium superimposed on dementia (DSD) ranges from 22% to 89% in hospitalized and community-dwelling individuals 65 and older. Individuals with DSD have been found to have accelerated decline in cognitive and functional abilities, greater need for institutionalization, greater rehospitalization risk, and increased mortality. The purpose of this article is to define and describe DSD, outline assessment tools for its identification, and provide appropriate nursing interventions.
Nonpharmacological Management of Agitation in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Wierman Heidi R. , Wadland W. Ross , Walters Megan , Kuhn Celine , Farrington Stacey
Published: November 2010

This article reports on the use of Simple Pleasures interventions to minimize agitation in hospitalized patients with late-stage dementia. The pilot project was not able to demonstrate statistical significance; however, the positive response to the education and provision of interventions has led to a hospital-wide dissemination of the interventions in the form of an activity box. No adverse effects of the interventions were found, and some patients experienced a significant decrease in agitation and use of sedative medications after exposure to the interventions. Hospital lengths of stay were shorter than expected and may also have been influenced by the intervention.
Contact Pressure and Glenohumeral Translation Following Subacromial Decompression: How Much Is Enough?
Authors: Denard Patrick J. , Bahney Timothy J. , Kirby Shelley B. , Orfaly Robert M.
Published: November 2010

Subacromial decompression is a common surgical procedure that has historically included coracoacromial ligament resection. However, recent reports have advocated preserving the coracoacromial ligament to avoid the potential complication of anterosuperior escape. The optimal subacromial decompression would achieve a smooth coracoacromial arch and decreased rotator cuff contact pressures while preserving the function of the arch in glenohumeral stability. We hypothesized that a subacromial decompression with a limited acromioplasty with preservation of the coracoacromial ligament can decrease extrinsic pressure on the rotator cuff similar to a coracoacromial ligament resection, without altering glenohumeral translation.

Three different subacromial decompressions, including a “smooth and move,” a limited acromioplasty with coracoacromial ligament preservation, and a coracoacromial ligament resection, were performed on 6 cadaveric specimens with intact rotator cuffs. Glenohumeral translation and peak rotator cuff pressure during abduction were recorded. No change in translation was observed after a smooth and move or a limited acromioplasty. Compared to baseline specimens, anterosuperior translation was increased at 30° of abduction following coracoacromial ligament resection (
P
<.05). Baseline rotator cuff pressure was greatest during abduction with the arm in 30° of internal rotation. Peak rotator cuff pressure decreased up to 32% following a smooth and move, up to 64% following a limited acromioplasty, and up to 72% following a coracoacromial ligament resection. Based on the present study, a limited acromioplasty with coracoacromial ligament preservation may best provide decompression of the rotator cuff while avoiding potential anterosuperior glenohumeral translation.
The Anteroposterior Axis of the Tibia in Total Knee Arthroplasty for Chinese Knees
Authors: Tao Kun , Cai Ming , Li Shao-hua
Published: November 2010

The goal of this study was to corroborate the use of Akagi’s anteroposterior (AP) axis as a rotation reference axis for the tibial component. Transverse computed tomography (CT) scans of the knees of 20 healthy Chinese men (mean age, 34.2±7.9 years; range, 20–43 years) and 20 healthy Chinese women (mean age, 36.7±5.8 years; range, 25–48 years) were obtained. Measurements taken from CT slices at the level of the tibial plateau revealed a mean percentage of the patellar tendon intersected by the AP axis from its medial border of 8%±8.1% (range, 8.1%–23.5%). When the defined AP axis was superimposed on CT slices at the level of the patellar tendon attachment, mean percentage of the width of the patellar tendon intersected by the AP axis from its medial border was 0.2%±10%. Mean angle measurement of angle α was 0.1°±2.7° (range, −5.1° to 5.8°). Mean angle measurement of angle β, or the angle created by the AP axis and the medial third of the patellar tendon from the middle of the posterior cruciate ligament, was 10.3°±3.6° (range, 2.4°–18.8°).

The study confirms that Akagi’s AP line is reproducible and reliable. The AP line can be used as a rotation reference axis for the tibial component during preoperative CT scanning of the knee.
One-Stage Posterior Approach and Combined Interbody and Posterior Fusion for Thoracolumbar Spinal Tuberculosis with Kyphosis in Children
Authors: Zhang Hong-Qi , Wang Yu-Xiang , Guo Chao-Feng , Liu Jin-Yang , Wu Jian-Huang , Chen Jing , Guo Dai , Tang Ming-Xing
Published: November 2010

The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy and feasibility of surgical management of advanced thoracolumbar spine tuberculosis with kyphosis in children in poor general condition with 1-stage posterior decompression, interbody grafts, and posterior instrumentation and fusion.

Between 2006 and 2008, 7 children with advanced thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis accompanied by kyphosis and in poor general condition were treated with 1-stage posterior decompression, interbody grafts, and posterior instrumentation and fusion followed by chemotherapy. Mean follow-up was 34 months (range, 27–42 months). Patients were evaluated pre- and postoperatively for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), neurological status, pain, spinal canal compromise, and kyphotic angle. Spinal tuberculosis was completely cured and the grafted bones fused in all 7 patients. There was no recurrence of the disease in any patient at final follow-up. In all patients, ESR was normal within 3 months, Frankel neurological classification improved, and pain relief was obtained. Average canal compromise was 52.57% (range, 35%–75%) preoperatively and 9.86% (range, 0%–19%) postoperatively. Average preoperative kyphosis was 37.9°, which decreased to 5.4° postoperatively. There was no significant loss of correction at last follow-up.

Our results show that 1-stage posterior decompression, interbody grafts, and posterior instrumentation and fusion followed by chemotherapy is an alternative treatment for children with advanced thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis and in poor general condition.
Sacral Stress Fracture in a Professional Hockey Player: A Case Report
Authors: Southam Jodi D. , Silvis Matthew L. , Black Kevin P.
Published: November 2010

Lumbosacral pain is common in the general population and among athletes. Many athletes are diagnosed with low back strain and treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, rest, and muscle relaxers. However, the differential for low back pain in athletes is broad and includes many potential etiologies such as: lumbar disk disease, facet arthropathy, spondylolysis, sacroiliitis, tendinopathies, ligament sprains, hip pathology, bursitis, intraabdominal processes, and neoplasm. Sacral stress fractures are included among the many possibilities.

Stress fractures are rare in the general population, with a <1% incidence over a lifetime, but up to 20% of runners may experience a stress fracture while participating in their sport. Athletes are unique as they engage in prolonged strenuous activities, both in practice and competition. Sports activities have the potential of placing extreme amounts of repetitive loading on bones, articular surfaces, and soft tissues throughout the body, including the sacrum. Hockey players place considerable demands on their pelvis during training and competition given the physical demands of the sport.

This article presents a case of a delayed diagnosis of a sacral stress fracture in a professional hockey player. This is the first known report of a hockey-related sacral stress fracture.
A Pathologic Fracture of an Intracortical Chondroma Masking as an Osteoid Osteoma
Authors: Choi Edmund , Wert Matthew , Guerrieri Claudio , Tucci James
Published: November 2010

The differential diagnosis of a tibial intracortical diaphyseal lesion includes osteoid osteoma, periosteal chondroma, nonossifying fibroma, osteofibrous dysplasia, and adamantinoma. While osteoid osteomas represent 5% of all primary bone tumors, little is understood about intracortical chondromas. Intracortical chondroma was first described in 1990 and 7 reported cases have since been published. This article presents the first reported case of a pathologic fracture of an intracortical lesion in a child that shared radiographic and clinical features similar to those of osteoid osteoma, but on histopathologic examination revealed an intracortical chondroma. Our patient exhibited radiographic features of a poorly circumscribed cortical bone sclerosis, a centralized radiolucent nidus on computed tomography, and a hot bone scan of a lesion <1 cm in size that was consistent with an osteoid osteoma. An excision of the bone lesion was performed. The histopathology of the lesion revealed nodules of benign hyaline cartilage in cortical bone, consistent with an intracortical chondroma. Demarcated by cortical bone with mature Haversian systems rather than periosteum or cancellous bone, intracortical chondroma differs from the other 2 chondroma variants, periosteal chondroma and enchondroma, by its relationship to the surrounding bone. Enchondromas are characteristically understood to be asymptomatic. Intracortical chondromas along with periosteal chondromas have been found to present as painful lesions. The similarities with osteoid osteoma and intracortical chondroma in our patient make it circumspect in regards to ablating lesions (ie, needle radiofrequency ablation) without acquiring a biopsy in pediatric patients that both clinically and radiographically are presumably an osteoid osteoma.
Osteochondroma of the Bicipital Tuberosity Causing an Avulsion of the Distal Biceps Tendon
Authors: Cho Chul-Hyun , Jung Gu-Hee , Song Kwang-Soon , Min Byung-Woo , Bae Ki-Cheor , Lee Kyung-Jae
Published: November 2010

Osteochondromas are one of the most common benign bone tumors. They usually arise from the metaphyses of long bones. Involvement of the bicipital tuberosity is rare. To date, no reports have described avulsed rupture of the distal biceps tendon caused by an osteochondroma of the bicipital tuberosity. This article presents a case of avulsion of the distal biceps tendon secondary to sessile osteochondroma of the bicipital tuberosity in a 65-year-old right-handed sedentary worker who presented with insidious pain and limited motion in his left elbow for 2 months. Intraoperative findings showed a bony mass of 25×23×5 mm with osteocartilaginous nodules on the bicipital tuberosity. The distal biceps tendon with an avulsed bony fragment was displaced proximally, with a 20-mm gap between the tendon and the bicipital tuberosity. After complete excision of the mass, footprint preparation at the bicipital tuberosity was performed using a 4.0-mm burr and anatomic reattachment of the distal biceps tendon with a 5.0-mm suture anchor. The pathologic diagnosis of osteochondroma was confirmed microscopically. We suggest that osteochondroma of the bicipital tuberosity be considered as a cause of painful limitation of forearm rotation or avulsed rupture of the distal biceps tendon.
Treatment of Metastatic Bone Lesions in the Upper Extremity: Indications for Surgery
Authors: Muramatsu Keiichi , Ihara Koichiro , Iwanagaa Ryuta , Taguchi Toshihiko
Published: November 2010

Pathological fractures caused by metastatic malignant disease have been the subject of increasing interest in recent years. This article describes our experience with the treatment of metastatic bone disease of the upper extremity and our attempt to clarify the indications for different surgical procedures. Of 53 patients with metastatic lesions to the upper extremity, 20 who had been surgically treated were analyzed retrospectively. These comprised 13 men and 7 women with a mean patient age of 62 years. The most common primary tumors to metastasize were lung and liver, with the humerus involved in 12 cases and the scapula and forearm in 4 cases each. Four patients with scapula and forearm involvement underwent tumor resection due to uncontrollable tumor size, while 3 were successfully treated by selective arterial embolization. Three metastases to the humeral head were reconstructed with endoprosthesis, but functional restriction was noted. Five cases with metastases to the humeral shaft were treated with tumor curettage, internal fixation using intramedullary nailing, adjuvant cryosurgery, and cementing. This achieved good results for pain relief and functional restoration with minimal complications. Two metastases to the humeral condyle were unable to be stabilized with plate and locking screws.

Metastatic lesions to the scapula and forearm are commonly treated nonsurgically, but some patients with uncontrollable tumor mass require surgical resection. Endoprosthetic replacement is recommended if the lesion involves the humeral head or condyle. Most patients with the humeral shaft lesion are likely to benefit from tumor curettage, intramedullary nailing with locking screw, and cementing.
Doctor of Nursing Practice Students Advocating for Health Care Access, Quality, and Reform: From the Virtual Classroom to Capitol Hill
Authors: Manning Mary Lou , Grosso Dolores
Published: November 2010

The potential for doctor of nursing practice students to inform and influence the national health care reform movement inspired faculty teaching an online Health and Social Policy course to create an assignment combining comparative effectiveness research with a trip to Capitol Hill to meet with congressional representatives. Preparing for and participating in such an assignment can present challenges for online doctoral students already busy with family and professional responsibilities. However, from both faculty and student perspectives, the lasting value and professional growth are immeasurable. Course details and the theoretical concepts of experiential education are presented, as well as trip logistics and evaluation.
Update on St. John’s Wort
Authors: Howland Robert H.
Published: November 2010

Herbal preparations for depression are often preferred over pharmaceutical drugs because they are available without prescription and because they are commonly assumed to be safe. St. John’s wort (SJW) is one of the best-known and best-selling herbal therapies for depression. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of SJW for major depression suggest that SJW is superior to placebo, is similarly effective compared with conventional antidepressant drugs, and tends to have fewer side effects compared with antidepressant agents, but there is a large degree of heterogeneity among the placebo-controlled studies, and trials from German-speaking countries tend to report more favorable findings. A small number of studies suggest SJW is safe to use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Although SJW is relatively well tolerated, it is prone to many important drug-drug interactions.
Simethicone Retinopathy in an Immature Infant
Authors: Chan Annie , Tsai Tony , O’Brien Joan , Moshfeghi Darius M.
Published: November 2010

The authors describe retinal findings in an immature infant consuming simethicone, a common over-the-counter drug used in the treatment of colic. The lesions are most consistent with an embolic phenomenon possibly from systemic absorption of a medication such as simethicone.
Relationships Among Stress, Infectious Illness, and Religiousness/Spirituality in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Callen Bonnie L. , Mefford Linda , Groër Maureen , Thomas Sandra P.
Published: November 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among stress, infectious illness, and religiousness/spirituality in community-dwelling older adults in the southeastern United States. Four assessment tools were completed by 82 older adults (mean age = 74, age range = 65 to 91): the Perceived Stress Scale, the Carr Infection Symptom Checklist (SCL), the Brief Multidimensional Measurement of Religiousness/Spirituality, and a demographic form. A significant correlation was found between stress and SCL scores; however, four dimensions of religiousness/spirituality moderated the relationship between stress and infection. Older adults who were unable to forgive themselves or forgive others, or feel forgiven by God, were more likely to have had an infection in the previous month. Increased infections also occurred when older participants did not feel they had religious support from their congregations. Using these findings, gerontological nurses are well positioned to deliver tailored stress management and forgiveness interventions when older adults report increased stress.
Future of Remote Presence in Developing Countries and its Applications in Medicine (Robot to Otorob)
Authors: Iftikhar Muhammad , Mariappan Muralindran
Published: November 2010

Mobile robots are expensive for developing and under developed countries. Their utilizations are general in field of medicine, from neurosurgery to intensive care units. Our ongoing project â??OTOROB