bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 3D Magnetic Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel for Magnetomechanical Neuromodulation of Primary Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons
Authors: Tay Andy , Sohrabi Alireza , Poole Kate , Seidlits Stephanie , Di Carlo Dino
Published: June 2018

Neuromodulation tools are useful to decipher and modulate neural circuitries implicated in functions and diseases. Existing electrical and chemical tools cannot offer specific neural modulation while optogenetics has limitations for deep tissue interfaces, which might be overcome by miniaturized optoelectronic devices in the future. Here, a 3D magnetic hyaluronic hydrogel is described that offers noninvasive neuromodulation via magnetomechanical stimulation of primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The hydrogel shares similar biochemical and biophysical properties as the extracellular matrix of spinal cord, facilitating healthy growth of functional neurites and expression of excitatory and inhibitory ion channels. By testing with different neurotoxins, and micropillar substrate deflections with electrophysical recordings, it is found that acute magnetomechanical stimulation induces calcium influx in DRG neurons primarily via endogenous, mechanosensitive TRPV4 and PIEZO2 channels. Next, capitalizing on the receptor adaptation characteristic of DRG neurons, chronic magnetomechanical stimulation is performed and found that it reduces the expression of PIEZO2 channels, which can be useful for modulating pain where mechanosensitive channels are typically overexpressed. A general strategy is thus offered for neuroscientists and material scientists to fabricate 3D magnetic biomaterials tailored to different types of excitable cells for remote magnetomechanical modulation.
Rewritable Optical Memory Through High‐Registry Orthogonal Upconversion
Authors: Zheng Kezhi , Han Sanyang , Zeng Xiao , Wu Yiming , Song Shuyan , Zhang Hongjie , Liu Xiaogang
Published: June 2018

An experimental design, based on a combination of core–shell‐structured upconversion nanoparticles and diarylethene photochromic molecules, for achieving rewritable optical memory is reported. This core–shell design enables the nanoparticles to emit two sets of distinct emission bands with ultrahigh spectral purity through laser excitation at 980 and 1532 nm. Importantly, the ultraviolet emission of the nanoparticles under 980 nm irradiation is used to activate the cyclization reaction of diarylethene through CC bond formation, while the green emission from the nanoparticles upon 1532 nm excitation leads to the cleavage of the newly formed CC bond. This pathway offers a convenient and versatile optical method for controlling the process of data writing and erasing with high spatiotemporal resolution.
Ultrafine Co Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Carbon‐Nanotubes‐Grafted Graphene Sheets as Advanced Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Chen Ziliang , Wu Renbing , Liu Yang , Ha Yuan , Guo Yanhui , Sun Dalin , Liu Miao , Fang Fang
Published: June 2018

The rational design of an efficient and inexpensive electrocatalyst based on earth‐abundant 3d transition metals (TMs) for the hydrogen evolution reaction still remains a significant challenge in the renewable energy area. Herein, a novel and effective approach is developed for synthesizing ultrafine Co nanoparticles encapsulated in nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes (N‐CNTs) grafted onto both sides of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (Co@N‐CNTs@rGO) by direct annealing of GO‐wrapped core–shell bimetallic zeolite imidazolate frameworks. Benefiting from the uniform distribution of Co nanoparticles, the in‐situ‐formed highly graphitic N‐CNTs@rGO, the large surface area, and the abundant porosity, the as‐fabricated Co@N‐CNTs@rGO composites exhibit excellent electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. As demonstrated in electrochemical measurements, the composites can achieve 10 mA cm−2 at low overpotential with only 108 and 87 mV in 1 m KOH and 0.5 m H2SO4, respectively, much better than most of the reported Co‐based electrocatalysts over a wide pH range. More importantly, the synthetic strategy is versatile and can be extended to prepare other binary or even ternary TMs@N‐CNTs@rGO (e.g., Co–Fe@N‐CNTs@rGO and Co–Ni–Cu@N‐CNTs@rGO). The strategy developed here may open a new avenue toward the development of nonprecious high‐performance HER catalysts.
Improving Thermal Transport at Carbon Hybrid Interfaces by Covalent Bonds
Authors: Sun Shuangxi , Samani Majid Kabiri , Fu Yifeng , Xu Tao , Ye Lilei , Satwara Maulik , Jeppson Kjell , Nilsson Torbjörn , Sun Litao , Liu Johan
Published: June 2018

Graphene and carbon nanotubes have received much attention for thermal management application due to their unique thermal performance. Theoretical work suggests that a covalent bond can combine 1D carbon nanotubes with 2D graphene together to extend the excellent thermal property to three dimensions for heat dissipation. This paper experimentally demonstrates the high heat dissipation capability of a freestanding 3D multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and graphene hybrid material. Using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and pulsed photothermal reflection measurement method, the covalent bonds between MWCNT and planar graphene are microscopically and numerically demonstrated. Thermal resistance at the junction with covalent bonds is 9 × 10−10 m2 KW−1, which is three orders of magnitude lower than van der Waals contact. Joule heating method is used to verify the extra cooling effect of this 3D hybrid material compared to graphite film. A demonstrator using high power chip is developed to demonstrate the applicability of this hybrid material in thermal application. Temperature at hot spots can be decreased by around 10 °C with the assistance of this hybrid material. These findings are very significant for understanding the thermal conduction during combining 1D and 2D carbon material together for future thermal management application.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Hydroxycarbonylation of Diazonium Salts
Authors: Gosset Cyrille , Pellegrini Sylvain , Jooris Romain , Bousquet Till , Pelinski Lydie
Published: June 2018

A visible light‐promoted catalytic photoredox hydroxycarbonylation was achieved on aryl diazonium salts whether preformed or generated in situ from the corresponding anilines. This strategy allows a straightforward access to a variety of carboxylic acids under mild conditions.

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Design of metallic nickel hollow fiber membrane modules for pure hydrogen separation
Authors: Li Yuan , Zhang Mingzhi , Chu Yuanyuan , Tan Xiaoyao , Gao Jun , Wang Shaobin , Liu Shaomin
Published: June 2018

Cost‐effective and robust nickel (Ni) membrane for H2 separation is a promising technology to upgrade the conventional H2 industries with improved economics and environmental benignity. In this work, Ni hollow fibers (HFs) with one closed end were fabricated and assembled into a membrane module for pure H2 separation by applying vacuum to the permeate side. The separation behavior of the HF module was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Results indicate that H2 recovery can be improved significantly by changing the operation conditions (temperature or feed pressure). Ni HF is a promising membrane geometry, but the negative effect of pressure drop when H2 passes through the lumen cannot be ignored. Under the vacuum operation mode, there is little difference in term of H2 recovery efficiency whether the feed gas flow is controlled in countercurrent or recurrent operation. This work provides important insight to the development of superior membrane H2 separation system. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 3662–3670, 2018
Metal‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted Indoles
Authors: Youn So Won , Ko Tae Yun
Published: June 2018

Indoles are important structural motifs that are commonly found in a diverse array of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and other functional molecules. Consequently, the development of new, more efficient synthetic methods for the construction of substituted indoles continues to be of great importance and considerable interest. Over the past few decades, metal‐catalyzed C−C/C−N bond‐forming reactions have emerged as a powerful synthetic strategy for heterocyclic synthesis. In this review, we have provided a brief overview of recent advances in the metal‐catalyzed synthesis of substituted indoles through the construction of the pyrrole nucleus of indoles, involving the formation of multiple C−C/C−N bonds.
Synthesis of Secondary and Tertiary Alkyl Boronic Esters by gem‐Carboborylation: Carbonyl Compounds as Bis(electrophile) Equivalents
Authors: Shi Dunfa , Wang Lu , Xia Chungu , Liu Chao
Published: June 2018

An unprecedent gem‐carboborylation of aldehydes and ketones provides access to various secondary and tertiary alkyl boronic esters. The addition of B2pin2 to a carbonyl compound generates α‐oxyl‐substituted alkyl boron species. Organolithium and Grignard reagents are then applied as C nucleophiles for the 1,2‐metalate rearrangement process. The organolithium reagents can also be generated by C−H lithiation or halogen/lithium exchange. The use of chiral ligands led to the generation of chiral alkyl boronic esters in enantioenriched form, demonstrating that the enantioselectivity of this transformation is catalyst‐controlled.
Disproportionation of Sodium Superoxide in Metal–Air Batteries
Authors: Sheng Chuanchao , Yu Fengjiao , Wu Yuping , Peng Zhangquan , Chen Yuhui
Published: June 2018

The sodium oxygen battery is a promising metal–air battery; however, the discharge process is not well understood and the major discharge product is still under debate. The discharge products determined the theoretical specific energy and electrochemical performance of the battery. Now it is demonstrated that NaO2 spontaneously disproportionates to Na2O2, no matter whether it is dissolved in solution or stays on the surface. The behaviors of NaO2 in solution and on the surface are different. Solvents play a crucial effect on the disproportionation of dissolved NaO2 species, which is fast in low donor number (DN) solvents such as acetonitrile but sluggish in high DN solvents such as DMSO. In situ XRD results exhibited the different product growing processes in various solvents. Surface NaO2 would slowly disproportionate to Na2O2 anyway, but this process is relatively slow compared to the time span of discharge process and it does not affect the major product on discharge.
Enzyme‐Compatible Dynamic Nanoreactors from Electrostatically Bridged Like‐Charged Surfactants and Polyelectrolytes
Authors: Thiele Martin J. , Davari Mehdi D. , Hofmann Isabell , König Melanie , Lopez Carlos G. , Vojcic Ljubica , Richtering Walter , Schwaneberg Ulrich , Tsarkova Larisa A.
Published: June 2018

Reported is an unanticipated mechanism of attractive electrostatic interactions of fully neutralized polyacrylic acid (PAA) with like‐charged surfactants. Amphiphilic polymer‐surfactant complexes with high interfacial activity and a solubilization capacity exceeding that of conventional micelles are formed by bridging with Ca2+ ions. Incorporation of a protease into such dynamic nanoreactors results in a synergistically enhanced cleaning performance because of the improved solubilization of poorly water‐soluble immobilized proteins. Competitive interfacial and intermolecular interactions on different time‐ and length‐scales have been resolved using colorimetric analysis, dynamic tensiometry, light scattering, and molecular dynamic simulations. The discovered bridging association mechanism suggests reengineering of surfactant/polymer/enzyme formulations of modern detergents and opens new opportunities in advancing labile delivery systems.
Advanced Photosensitizer Activation Strategies for Smarter Photodynamic Therapy Beacons
Authors: Luby Benjamin M. , Walsh Connor D. , Zheng Gang
Published: June 2018

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinical treatment in which a light‐absorbing drug called a photosensitizer (PS) is combined with light and molecular oxygen to generate cytotoxic singlet oxygen. PDT provides additional tissue selectivity compared to conventional chemotherapy as singlet oxygen is generated only in areas in which PS accumulates and that are simultaneously illuminated by a light source with sufficient irradiance and dose. Early PDT beacons built on this concept by adding an analyte‐responsive element that simultaneously turns on PDT and fluorescence, providing both an additional layer of selectivity and real‐time feedback of the PS′s activation state. More recent PDT beacons have expanded this idea, with new methods now available for sensing analytes, generating singlet oxygen, and reporting treatment status. In this Minireview, we consider developments in advanced activation strategies implemented in therapeutic and theranostic beacons.
Elektrisches Feld als “smarter” Ligandenersatz zur kontrollierten thermischen Aktivierung von Methan und molekularem Wasserstoff
Authors: Yue Lei , Wang Na , Zhou Shaodong , Sun Xiaoyan , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut
Published: June 2018

Reines [TaO2]+ verhält sich in den thermischen Reaktionen mit Methan und mit molekularem Wasserstoff ziemlich inert, wird aber reaktiv gegenüber diesen Substraten, wenn es einen geschlossenschaligen Liganden wie CO2 trägt. Obwohl die Gegenwart von CO2 die intrinsischen Barrieren der C‐H‐ und H‐H‐Bindungsaktivierungen zunächst erhöht, wird die Effizienz der Gesamtreaktion unter Erzeugung der Insertionsprodukte [Ta(R)(OH)O]+ (R=CH3, H) wegen der vorteilhaften Eigenschaft von CO2 als Abgangsgruppe erheblich verbessert. Der Ligandeneffekt von CO2 kann durch das elektrische Feld einer negativen Punktladung gut simuliert werden. Die mechanistischen Aspekte dieser Reaktionen wurden mit modernen quantenchemischen Rechnungen untersucht.
Solar Water Splitting with a Hydrogenase Integrated in Photoelectrochemical Tandem Cells
Authors: Nam Dong Heon , Zhang Jenny Z. , Andrei Virgil , Kornienko Nikolay , Heidary Nina , Wagner Andreas , Nakanishi Kenichi , Sokol Katarzyna P. , Slater Barnaby , Zebger Ingo , Hofmann Stephan , Fontecilla‐Camps Juan C. , Park Chan Beum , Reisner Erwin
Published: June 2018

Hydrogenases (H2ases) are benchmark electrocatalysts for H2 production, both in biology and (photo)catalysis in vitro. We report the tailoring of a p‐type Si photocathode for optimal loading and wiring of H2ase through the introduction of a hierarchical inverse opal (IO) TiO2 interlayer. This proton‐reducing Si|IO‐TiO2|H2ase photocathode is capable of driving overall water splitting in combination with a photoanode. We demonstrate unassisted (bias‐free) water splitting by wiring Si|IO‐TiO2|H2ase to a modified BiVO4 photoanode in a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell during several hours of irradiation. Connecting the Si|IO‐TiO2|H2ase to a photosystem II (PSII) photoanode provides proof of concept for an engineered Z‐scheme that replaces the non‐complementary, natural light absorber photosystem I with a complementary abiotic silicon photocathode.
Chemoenzymatic Deracemization of Chiral Sulfoxides
Authors: Nosek Vladimír , Míšek Jiří
Published: June 2018

The highly enantioselective enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase A was combined with an oxaziridine‐type oxidant in a biphasic setup for the deracemization of chiral sulfoxides. Remarkably, high ee values were observed with a wide range of substrates, thus providing a practical route for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure sulfoxides.
Family Systemic Approaches for Borderline Personality Disorder in Acute Adult Mental Health Care Settings
Authors: Choi Hyounjung
Published: June 2018

This thematic literature review explores the contribution of family/systemic approaches in the treatment and care of people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) in acute adult mental health care settings. It recognises the importance of early childhood trauma, family dynamics, and relationships in the aetiology of BPD and outlines key benefits and constraints of a family systems approach. The article discusses institutional, cultural, and power structures that influence the diagnosis and treatment process for adult clients with BPD and the value of relational ethics in guiding or mediating care between the family, healthcare system, and community.
A native bird as a predator for the invasive apple snail, a novel rice field invader in Europe
Authors: Bertolero Albert , Navarro Joan
Published: June 2018

Since 2009 the apple snail Pomacea maculata has become a new invader of Oryza sativa (rice) fields and wetlands in Europe, only invading the Ebro Delta (north‐eastern Spain) thus far. It is considered a highly invasive and damaging species, resulting in large economic losses worldwide.

Despite the severe impact of the invasive apple snail on both cultivated and natural wetlands, it has become an abundant potential resource for native avian predators.

In this study, stable isotope analysis was used to assess the consumption of the apple snail by the glossy ibis Plegadis falcinellus in the Ebro Delta.

The results indicate the importance of the apple snail in the diet of this native bird. In particular, isotopic results indicated that apple snails and freshwater coleopterans were the main prey in the diet of glossy ibis chicks, accounting for 26–40% of their diet. Thus, this native bird species could potentially help in the biological control of this invasive snail, but is not expected to eradicate it.

Although the spread of this pest in rice fields and wetlands is not desirable, we predict that the apple snail will follow a path similar to other invasive species, such as the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, in establishing itself as part of the wetland food web.
Untersuchungen zum ganzjährigen Wärmeschutz an Varianten eines kombinierten Dachaufbaus mit Photovoltaik und Begrünung
Authors: Moren Maria Soledad Penaranda , Korjenic Azra
Published: June 2018

Bereits vor einem Jahrzehnt wurden Versuchsprojekte über mögliche Synergien der Kombination Photovoltaik (PV) und Dachbegrünung (Gründach) durchgeführt. Heute ist diese Kombination aufgrund ihrer Vorteile, wie z. B. Erhöhung der PV‐Erträge aufgrund der Kühlung durch die Pflanzen, uneingeschränkte Nutzung der Vorteile der Dachbegrünung und gute thermische Eigenschaften, gut bekannt. Alle bisherigen Untersuchungen an Kombinationen PV+Gründach in der Literatur konzentrieren sich auf den Bereich der PV‐Erträge, ‐Leistung und ‐Betriebstemperaturen. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes „GrünPlusSchule@Ballungszentrum” in Wien wurden im Projektteil „PV+Grün” unterschiedliche Varianten der Kombination PV+Gründach und PV+Grünfassade untersucht. Dieser Aufsatz präsentiert die Ergebnisse der Temperaturmessungen an der Schnittstelle zwischen der Dachabdichtung und dem Substrat bei der Kombination PV+Gründach sowie an mehreren Stellen mit einem gewöhnlichen, extensiven Gründach (GD). Spannende Ergebnisse konnten festgestellt werden: das PV+Gründach‐System funktioniert als Wärmepuffer über das ganze Jahr hinweg.
Breaking Structural Energy Constraints: Hydrothermal Crystallization of High‐Silica Germanosilicates by a Building‐Unit Self‐Growth Approach
Authors: Peng Mingming , Jiang Jingang , Liu Xue , Ma Yue , Jiao Meichen , Xu Hao , Wu Haihong , He Mingyuan , Wu Peng
Published: June 2018

Zeolites, a class of crystalline microporous materials, have a wide range of practical applications, in particular serving as key catalysts in petrochemical and fine‐chemical processes. Millions of zeolite topologies are theoretically possible. However, to date, only 235 frameworks with various tetrahedral element compositions have been discovered in nature or artificially synthesized, among which approximately 50 topologies are available in pure‐silica forms. Germanosilicates are becoming an important zeolite family, with a rapidly increasing number of topological structures having unusual double four‐membered ring (D4R) building units and large‐pore or extra‐large‐pore systems. The synthesis of their high‐silica analogues with higher (hydro)thermal stability remains a great challenge, because the formation of siliceous D4R units is kinetically and thermodynamically unfavorable in hydrothermal systems. Herein, it is demonstrated that such D4R‐containing high‐silica zeolites with unexpected crystalline topologies (ECNU‐24‐RC and IM‐20‐RC) are readily constructed by a versatile route. This strategy provides new opportunities for the synthesis of high‐silica zeolite catalysts that are hardly obtainable by conventional hydrothermal synthesis and may also facilitate a breakthrough in increasing the number and types of zeolite materials with practical applications.
A New Photocage Derived from Fluorene
Authors: Reinfelds Matiss , von Cosel Jan , Falahati Konstantin , Hamerla Carsten , Slanina Tomáš , Burghardt Irene , Heckel Alexander
Published: June 2018

Photolabile protecting groups (PPGs or photocages) are increasingly subject to molecular design to meet requirements such as absorbance in the visible spectral range, high molar absorption coefficients, and high quantum yields of leaving group release. Improvements in these properties for the promising 3‐diethylaminobenzyl (DEAMb) photocage, the photoactivity of which is based on the Zimmerman meta effect, are reported. Expansion of the aromatic system with a second aromatic ring resulted in improved spectral properties. A systematic trend relating the electronic (π‐donor or acceptor) properties of the new aryl substituent and its position in the DEAMb ring to changes in the spectral properties could be observed. Conclusions from the experimental results were supported by computations obtained by using time‐dependent DFT. A second generation of DEAMb‐based photocages was designed. A rigid linker was introduced to ensure more efficient conjugation of the aromatic ring π systems by limiting rotational freedom. The resulting fluorenol (9‐hydroxyfluorene)‐based photocages had superior spectral properties to those of simple biphenyl systems. The best uncaging cross section achieved was 5320 m−1 cm−1 (ϵΦ365).
N,O‐Iminoboronates: Reversible Iminoboronates with Improved Stability for Cancer Cells Targeted Delivery
Authors: Lopes Ricardo M. R. M. , Ventura Ana E. , Silva Liana C. , Faustino Hélio , Gois Pedro M. P.
Published: June 2018

Herein a new class of iminoboronates obtained from 2‐acetylbenzene boronic acids and aminophenols is presented. The N,O‐ligand topology enabled the formation of an additional B−O bond that locks the boron center in a tetrahedral geometry. This molecular arrangement decisively contributes to improve the construct′s stability in biocompatible conditions and retaining the iminoboronate reversibility in more acidic environments. 2‐Acetylbenzene boronic acid was reacted with a fluorescent amino‐coumarin to yield a stable and non‐fluorescent N,O‐iminoboronate. This mechanism was further used to assemble a folate receptor targeting conjugate that selectively delivered the fluorescent amino‐coumarin to MDA‐MB‐231 human breast cancer cells.
Long‐term psychological and educational outcomes for survivors of neuroblastoma: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Zheng Daniel J. , Krull Kevin R. , Chen Yan , Diller Lisa , Yasui Yutaka , Leisenring Wendy , Brouwers Pim , Howell Rebecca , Lai Jin‐Shei , Balsamo Lyn , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Robison Leslie L. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Kadan‐Lottick Nina S.
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Neuroblastoma survivors may be at elevated risk for psychological impairments because of their young age at diagnosis and neurotoxic treatment, but this is not well described.

METHODS

A total of 859 ≥5‐year survivors of neuroblastoma younger than 18 years (diagnosed in 1970‐1999), who had a median age at diagnosis of 0.8 years (range: 0.0‐7.3 years) and a median follow‐up of 13.3 years (range: 8.0‐17.9 years), were compared with 872 siblings of childhood cancer survivors who were younger than 18 years with the parent‐reported Behavior Problem Index (BPI) for psychological functioning. Age‐ and sex‐adjusted multivariate log‐binomial models were used to identify factors associated with impairment in BPI domains (scores worse than the sibling 10th percentile). The impact of psychological impairment on educational outcomes was examined among survivors.

RESULTS

Compared with siblings, neuroblastoma survivors had an increased prevalence of impairment in the domains of anxiety/depression (19% vs 14%; P = .003), headstrong behavior (19% vs 13%; P < .001), attention deficits (21% vs 13%; P < .001), peer conflict/social withdrawal (26% vs 17%; P < .001), and antisocial behavior (16% vs 12%; P = .01). Common treatment exposures (vincristine, cisplatin, and retinoic acid) were not associated with impairment. Having 2 or more chronic health conditions predicted impairment in 4 domains (P < .001). Specifically, pulmonary disease predicted impairment in all 5 domains (P ≤ .004). Endocrine disease (P ≤ .004) and peripheral neuropathy (P ≤ .02) each predicted impairment in 3 domains. Psychological impairment was associated with special education service usage and educational attainment less than college.

CONCLUSIONS

Neuroblastoma survivors are at elevated risk for psychological impairment, which is associated with special education service usage and lower adult educational attainment. Those with chronic health conditions may represent a high‐risk group for targeted screening and intervention. Cancer 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Sensitivity and specificity of phospho‐Ser129 α‐synuclein monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Delic Vedad , Chandra Sidhanth , Abdelmotilib Hisham , Maltbie Tyler , Wang Shijie , Kem Danielle , Scott Hunter J. , Underwood Rachel N. , Liu Zhiyong , Volpicelli‐Daley Laura A. , West Andrew B.
Published: June 2018

α‐Synuclein (α‐syn) is an abundant presynaptic protein that is the primary constituent of inclusions that define Lewy body diseases (LBDs). In these inclusions, α‐syn is phosphorylated at the serine‐129 residue. Antibodies directed to this phosphorylation site are used to measure inclusion abundance and stage disease progression in preclinical models as well as in postmortem tissues in LBDs. While it is critical to reliably identify inclusions, phospho‐specific antibodies often cross‐react with nonspecific antigens. Four commercially available monoclonal antibodies, two from rabbits (clones EP1536Y and MJF‐R13) and two from mice (81a and pSyn#64), have been the most widely used in detecting pS129‐α‐syn inclusions. Here, we systematically evaluated these antibodies in brain sections and protein lysates from rats and mice. All antibodies detected pS129‐α‐syn inclusions in the brain that were induced by preformed α‐syn fibrils in wild‐type rats and mice. Antibody titrations revealed that clones EP1536Y and 81a comparably labeled inclusions in both the perikarya and neuronal processes in contrast to clones MJF‐R13 and pSyn#64 that incompletely labeled inclusions at various antibody concentrations. Except for EP1536Y, the clones produced nonspecific diffuse neuropil labeling in α‐syn knockout mice as well as mice and rats injected with monomeric α‐syn, with some nonspecific staining titrating with pS129‐α‐syn inclusions. By immunoblot, all the clones cross‐reacted with proteins other than α‐syn, warranting caution in interpretations of specificity. Clone EP1536Y uniquely and robustly detected endogenous pS129‐α‐syn in highly soluble protein fractions from the mouse brain. In summary, EP1536Y had the highest sensitivity and specificity for detecting pS129‐α‐syn.
c‐Fos marking of identified midbrain neurons coactive after nicotine administration in‐vivo
Authors: Baur Katja , Hach Arian , Bernardi Rick E. , Spanagel Rainer , Bading Hilmar , Bengtson C. Peter
Published: June 2018

Despite the reduced life expectancy and staggering financial burden of medical treatment associated with tobacco smoking, the molecular, cellular, and ensemble adaptations associated with chronic nicotine consumption remain poorly understood. Complex circuitry interconnecting dopaminergic and cholinergic regions of the midbrain and mesopontine tegmentum are critical for nicotine associated reward. Yet our knowledge of the nicotine activation of these regions is incomplete, in part due to their cell type diversity. We performed double immunohistochemistry for the immediate early gene and surrogate activity sensor, c‐Fos, and markers for either cholinergic, dopaminergic or GABAergic cell types in mice treated with nicotine. Both acute (0.5 mg/kg) and chronic (0.5 mg/kg/day for 7 days) nicotine strongly activated GABAergic neurons of the interpeduncular nucleus and medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract (MT). Acute but not chronic nicotine also activated small percentages of dopaminergic and other neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) as well as noncholinergic neurons in the pedunculotegmental and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei (PTg/LDTg). Twenty four hours of nicotine withdrawal after chronic nicotine treatment suppressed c‐Fos activation in the MT. In comparison to nicotine, a single dose of cocaine caused a similar activation in the PTg/LDTg but not the VTA where GABAergic cells were strongly activated but dopaminergic neurons were not affected. These results indicate the existence of drug of abuse specific ensembles. The loss of ensemble activation in the VTA and PTg/LDTg after chronic nicotine represents a molecular and cellular tolerance which may have implications for the mechanisms underlying nicotine dependence.
Evidence for generative homology of cerebellum and cerebellum‐like structures in an elasmobranch fish based on Pax6, Cbln1 and Grid2 expression
Authors: Suriano Christos Michael , Bodznick David
Published: June 2018

The majority of neurons in the mammalian brain reside within the cerebellum (Cb). Yet, the evolutionary origins of the Cb are not well understood. There are several sensory nuclei present across vertebrate phylogeny collectively termed cerebellum‐like structures (CbLS) due to a shared anatomy and physiology with the Cb. Despite the similarities, the CbLS are clearly not phylogenetically homologous with the Cb. Common structure and function may arise due to a shared genetic and developmental toolkit. To examine this possibility, we used sequence analysis, western blotting, immunohistochemistry and RT‐qPCR to test for the expression of three genes that are critical for mammalian cerebellar development in the Cb and CbLS of an elasmobranch fish, Leucoraja erinacea. In the mammalian Cb, Pax6 is necessary for parallel fiber development, while Cbln1 and Grid2 code for proteins necessary for parallel fiber‐principal cell synaptogenesis. Pax6 and Cbln1 are expressed by granule cells in the Cb and CbLS of the adult skate and stage 31 embryo. Grid2 is expressed by principal cells in the Cb and CbLS of the adult and stage 31 embryo. RT‐qPCR showed this expression is spatially and temporally restricted to the Cb and CbLS. If Pax6, Cbln1 and Grid2 perform the same functions in the skate Cb and CbLS as they do in the mammalian Cb, then these structures may develop using a shared genetic toolkit and be considered generatively homologous. It is possible that the evolutionary genesis of the Cb was the result of duplication or expansion of the cerebellum‐like developmental toolkit.
Thermoviscosifying Smart Polymers for Oil and Gas Production: State of the Art
Authors: Su Xin , Feng Yujun
Published: June 2018

Water‐soluble polymers have been extensively used in all sections of the oil and gas upstream industry, but their inherent thermothinning behaviour has limited their applications in harsh environments. To address this issue, thermoviscosifying (or “thermothickening”) polymers (TVPs) whose aqueous solution viscosity automatically increases upon increasing the temperature were introduced in the early 1990s. This review first recalls the background for developing such smart materials, followed by demonstrating the mechanism of thermothickening. Next, three major TVPs includingN‐alkyl substituted acrylamide copolymers, grafted polyethers, and cellulose derivatives are summarized with respect to their structure‐property relationship, then their practical trials or potential uses in oil and gas drilling fluids, cementing slurries, hydraulic fracturing, steam flooding, and enhanced oil recovery are discussed. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the current TVPs are commented and future prospects are discussed to close this review.
Synthesis and Structure–Property Relationships in Herbicidal Ionic Liquids and their Double Salts
Authors: Niemczak Michał , Rzemieniecki Tomasz , Biedziak Agnieszka , Marcinkowska Katarzyna , Pernak Juliusz
Published: June 2018

In this study, two homologous series of novel herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs) were synthesized in a simple metathesis reaction between alkyl[2‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]dimethylammonium bromides and alkali metal salts of 4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) or 3,6‐dichloro‐2‐methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba), known as popular herbicides from the class of growth regulators. These HILs were subsequently mixed to prepare double‐salt herbicidal ionic liquids (DSHILs). The DSHILs were characterized by substantially altered parameters of viscosity, refractive index, glass transition temperatures and surface activity compared to the average values expected for ideal mixtures of their individual components (HILs). Interestingly, DSHILs possessed superior physicochemical properties such as relatively low viscosity or facilitated formation of micelles, which emphasizes the complex nature of multi‐ion interactions in the microstructures of ionic liquid mixtures. The biological tests showed improved efficiency of DSHILs against tested weeds compared to the reference herbicides and parent HILs.
Channel modeling and analysis for multipolarized massive MIMO systems
Authors: Cheng Xudong , He Yejun , Zhang Li , Qiao Jian
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we use the multipolarized antennas in massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems to decline the channel orthogonality and enhance the system performance. We propose 3 multipolarized massive MIMO system schemes according to antenna structures of 3 widely used massive MIMO systems and establish 3‐D geometrical channel models. Simulation results show that the multipolarized massive MIMO systems outperform the unipolarized massive MIMO systems in many situations. The multipolarized antennas would be the best choice for massive MIMO systems if the space efficiency and the miniaturization of equipments are of primary concern.
MPC: A RSUs deployment strategy for VANET
Authors: Yeferny Taoufik , Allani Sabri
Published: June 2018

A Vehicle AdHoc Network is mainly composed of mobile vehicles and fixed Road Site Units (RSUs). The latter is usually very expensive to deploy and has a crucial role in maintaining the network connectivity. Therefore, the design of an efficient RSU deployment strategy that enables a high coverage ratio and a lower deployment cost has been of paramount importance. In this respect, we introduce in this paper a new spatiotemporal coverage strategy for nonsafety Vehicle AdHoc Network applications like driving assistance and business promotion, called Minimal Mobility Patterns Coverage (MPC). The main thrust of MPC is to (1) depict the mobility patterns of moving vehicles from their trace files and then (2) compute the adequate RSU locations in order to cover the extracted mobility patterns by the minimal possible number of RSUs. To this end, we firstly provide a new method to depict the mobility patterns of vehicles by mining the correlations between the kept track connections of vehicle trajectories versus crossed junctions. Secondly, we introduce a new way to compute the adequate RSU locations through the instantiation of the well‐known problem of extracting minimal transversals of a hypergraph. Experimental results show that our RSUs deployment strategy performs better than baseline strategies.
A joint sensing and transmission power control policy for RF energy harvesting cognitive radio networks
Authors: Yan Feiyu , Zhao Jihong , Qu Hua , Xu Xiguang
Published: June 2018

We consider a radio frequency energy harvesting cognitive radio network in which a secondary user (SU) can opportunistically access channel to transmit packets or harvest radio frequency energy when the channel is idle or occupied by a primary user. The channel occupancy state and the channel fading state are both modeled as finite state Markov chains. At the beginning of each time slot, the SU should determine whether to harvest energy for future use or sense the primary channel to acquire the current channel occupancy state. It then needs to select an appropriate transmission power to execute the packet transmission or harvest energy if the channel is detected to be idle or busy, respectively. This sequential decision‐making, done to maximize the SU's expected throughput, requires to design a joint spectrum sensing and transmission power control policy based on the amount of stored energy, the retransmission index, and the belief on the channel state. We formulate this as a partially observable Markov decision process and use a computationally tractable point‐based value iteration algorithm. Section 5 illustrate the significant outperformance of the proposed optimal policy compared with the optimal fixed‐power policy and the greedy fixed‐power policy.
detritalPy: A Python‐based toolset for visualizing and analysing detrital geo‐thermochronologic data
Authors: Sharman Glenn R. , Sharman Jonathan P. , Sylvester Zoltan
Published: June 2018

Detrital geochronology and thermochronology have emerged as primary methods of reconstructing the tectonic and surficial evolution of the Earth over geological time. Technological improvements in the acquisition of detrital geo‐thermochronologic data have resulted in a rapid increase in the quantity of published data over the past two decades, particularly for the mineral zircon. However, existing tools for visualizing and analysing detrital geo‐thermochronologic data generally lack flexibility for working with large datasets, hampering efforts to utilize the large quantity of available data.
The first complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Nanorana parkeri and Nanorana ventripunctata (Amphibia: Anura: Dicroglossidae), with related phylogenetic analyses
Authors: Jiang Lichun , You Zhangqiang , Yu Peng , Ruan Qiping , Chen Wei
Published: June 2018

Members of the Nanorana genus (family Dicroglossidae) are often referred to as excellent model species with which to study amphibian adaptations to extreme environments and also as excellent keystone taxa for providing insights into the evolution of the Dicroglossidae. However, a complete mitochondrial genome is currently only available for Nanorana pleskei. Thus, we analyzed the complete mitochondrial genomes of Nanorana parkeri and Nanorana ventripunctata to investigate their evolutionary relationships within Nanorana and their phylogenetic position in the family Dicroglossidae. Our results showed that the genomes of N. parkeri (17,837 bp) and N. ventripunctata (18,373 bp) encode 13 protein‐coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes, 23 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and a noncoding control region. Overall sequences and genome structure of the two species showed high degree of similarity with N. pleskei, although the motif structures and repeat sequences of the putative control region showed clear differences among these three Nanorana species. In addition, a tandem repeat of the tRNA‐Met gene was found located between the tRNA‐Gln and ND2 genes. On both the 5′ and 3′‐sides, the control region possessed distinct repeat regions; however, the CSB‐2 motif was not found in N. pleskei. Based on the nucleotide sequences of 13 PCGs, our phylogenetic analyses, using Bayesian inference and maximum‐likelihood methods, illustrate the taxonomic status of Nanorana with robust support showing that N. ventripunctata and N. pleskei are more closely related than they are to N. parkeri. In conclusion, our analyses provide a more robust and reliable perspective on the evolutionary history of Dicroglossidae than earlier analyses, which used only a single species (N. pleskei).
Surf‐zone hydrodynamics alter phytoplankton subsidies affecting reproductive output and growth of tidal filter feeders
Authors: Salant Carlissa D. , Shanks Alan L.
Published: June 2018

Surf zones, classified from reflective to dissipative, separate the ocean from shore and subsidies from the coastal ocean must pass through surf zones to reach the shore. We have observed that variations in phytoplankton concentrations in the water over the intertidal zone varied with surf‐zone hydrodynamics and we hypothesized that this variation would alter growth rates, population structure, and reproductive output of Mytilus californianus and Balanus glandula. From May 2016 to April 2017, along 7 km of Cape Arago, Oregon, USA surf‐zone phytoplankton concentrations were determined weekly at nine sites with varying surf‐zone hydrodynamics as indicated by surf‐zone widths. Throughout the year, concentrations of phytoplankton in wider, more dissipative surf zones were, on average, 16× higher than in narrow, more reflective surf zones. Similar to previous observations, surf‐zone width explained >90% of the variability in phytoplankton concentrations in the surf‐zone. On average, ~83% of B. glandula had egg lamellae at more dissipative shores compared to only 8% at more reflective. An index of potential reproductive output by barnacle populations as measured by ash free dry mass (AFDM) of egg lamellae was ~243× larger at more dissipative than at reflective shores and surf‐zone phytoplankton concentrations and surf‐zone width explained ~96 and 92% of the variability in this index. On average, density of M. californianus was ~2× higher at more reflective shores, but 60% of these individuals were smaller and non‐reproductive compared to only 24% at the more dissipative sites. The gonad tissue mass/m2 of medium sized mussels was ~5× greater at more dissipative than reflective shores. Surf‐zone phytoplankton concentrations and surf‐zone width explained ~80% and 65% of the variability in individual mussel gonad mass and ~69% and 56% of the variability in mussel population gonad mass, respectively. M. californianus were out‐planted to assess growth rates and, after 5 months, average body mass was ~3× greater at more dissipative than reflective shores. Surf‐zone phytoplankton concentrations and width explained ~85% and 92% of the mass increase, respectively. Phytoplankton subsidies varied with surf‐zone hydrodynamics altering the growth and reproductive output of two ecologically important intertidal filter feeders.
Nonionic Surfactants as Potential Carriers of a Synthesized Pyrimidine Derivative: Spectroscopic and Quantum Chemical Investigations
Authors: Ghosh Swadesh , Singharoy Dipti , Dhara Anamika , Naskar Jnan Prakash , Bhattacharya Subhash Chandra
Published: June 2018

Currently, a major problem is the poor water solubility and bioavailability of many pharmaceuticals. Using different types of surfactants is an effective strategy to overcome this problem. Herein a pyrimidine‐based Schiff base, 2‐[2‐(anthracen‐9‐ylmethylene) hydrazinyl]‐4,6‐dimethyl pyrimidine (ANHP), has been synthesized and characterized by different spectroscopic methods. A comparative study of drug carrier properties of cationic, anionic, and the nonionic surfactants with this pyrimidine derivative (ANHP) in aqueous solution is the key research interest of this work. From fluorescence studies, the interaction of ANHP with the different types of surfactants were compared and binding constants of ANHP in vesicles were determined. The drug carrier properties of different surfactants were investigated by using different spectroscopic techniques. DLS, zeta potential, and AFM studies have shown that in the presence of ANHP, nonionic surfactants take a vesicular shape. Several experimental results clearly indicate that Ig‐720 is the better choice as ANHP carrier among all the surfactants investigated. In addition, the structure of ANHP has been optimized by density functional theory (DFT). The theoretical and experimental results have been compared.
N,N′‐Diamidonaphthalene as a Versatile Ligand to Stabilize Mono‐ and Bimetallic Complexes of Group 13
Authors: Lee Sojung , Almalki Nawal , Gabidullin Bulat , Richeson Darrin
Published: June 2018

Disubstituted 1,8‐diamidonaphthalene complexes of B and Al were accessed via hydrogen or methane elimination reactions from readily available borane or trimethylaluminum. Trigonal planar borane complexes, HB[1,8‐(NR)C10H6] (R = iPr, 4 and R = Ph, 5), were observed to be air stable, a feature attributed to B–N pπ–pπ bonding and supported by computations. Bimetallic Al complexes, [Al(CH3)2]2[(RN)2C10H6] (R = iPr, 7, R = Ph, 8, or R = iPr/Np, 9), were documented by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses and display puckered, four‐membered M2N2 rings with a bridging diamidonaphthalene ligand. With R = Ph, a monometallic aluminum complex, MeAl(OEt2)[1,8‐(PhN)2C10H6] (6), was isolated as a diethylether adduct. The structural data suggested that the dialkyl and diaryl are stronger σ‐bonding ligands compared to reported trimethylsilyl analogues.
Bimetallic Complexes of Group 8, 9, and 11 Metals Bridged by RB(NCH2PPh2)2C6H4 (R = H, 4‐C6H4X; X = H, Me, F) Ligands
Authors: Sung Simon , Ang Angelina , Hill Anthony F. , Ma Chenxi , Kong Richard Y. , Ward Jas S. , Young Rowan D.
Published: June 2018

The 1‐aryl‐2,1,3‐diazaboroles ArB(NCH2PPh2)2C6H4 (Ar = C6H5 1a, 4‐MeC6H4 1b, 4‐FC6H4 1c) result from the reactions of ArBCl2 with 1,2‐(NHCH2PPh2)2C6H4 in the presence of triethylamine. The reactions of these new proligands in addition to the parent diazaborole HB(NCH2PPh2)2C6H4 (4) with a range of metal precursors [Ru2(µ‐Cl)2Cl2(η6‐1,3,5‐Me3C6H3)2], [M2(µ‐Cl)2Cl2(η5‐C5Me5)2], [M2(µ‐Cl)2(η4‐C8H12)2] (M = Rh, Ir) and [AuCl(SC4H8)] have been explored. Rather than forming chelating, bidentate mono‐metallic complexes, these ligands are found to support the formation of bimetallic complexes without any indication of B–C activation (oxidative addition, transmetallation etc.). In the presence of excess 1a–b, iridium is found to form ligand bridged coordination polymers.
Catalytic Degradation of Orange II by MnIII(TPPS) in Basic Hydrogen Peroxide Medium: A Detailed Kinetic Analysis
Authors: Procner Magdalena , Orzeł Łukasz , Stochel Grażyna , van Eldik Rudi
Published: June 2018

The presence of dyes from inter alia textile industry in wastewater, poses a serious threat for the environment. New methods for the removal of persistent dyestuffs from effluent streams still attract much attention. In this report the application of MnIII(TPPS) [where TPPS = 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐sulfonatophenyl) –21 H,23H‐porphyrin] as suitable catalyst for the oxidative degradation of a model substrate, Orange II (ORII), was studied. The MnIII(TPPS)/H2O2 system was found to degrade ORII with high efficiency under ambient conditions in carbonate buffer solutions. In order to gain further insight into the degradation mechanism, detailed kinetic studies using rapid‐scan spectrophotometry as a function of [H2O2], [MnIII(TPPS)] and pH, were performed. Evidence for the participation of peroxocarbonate ions (HCO4– and CO42–) as efficient oxidants in carbonate buffer was found. The experimental results suggest rapid formation of an intermediate (TPPS)MnV=O complex, followed by the subsequent degradation of ORII. The reaction showed maximum reactivity at pH ≈ 11. Spectroscopic data demonstrated that the catalytic cycle could be repeated several times without any significant loss in catalytic activity.