bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reading Comprehension: A Computerized Intervention with Primary‐age Poor Readers
Authors: Horne Joanna Kathryn
Published: January 2017

The current study investigates the effectiveness of a computerized reading comprehension programme on the reading accuracy, reading comprehension and reading rate of primary‐age poor readers. There is little published literature relating to computerized reading interventions in UK primary schools, and no previous studies have investigated the Comprehension Booster programme. Thirty‐eight children (26 boys and 12 girls; aged 6:7 to 11:0) from two schools in East Yorkshire, UK, took part. Half of the participants (the intervention group) undertook the Comprehension Booster programme for a 6‐week period, whilst the other half (the control group) continued with their usual teaching. Significant effects of the intervention were found, with increases in reading accuracy and reading comprehension for the intervention group. It is concluded that computerized reading programmes can be effective in improving reading skills, and these are particularly useful for pupils with reading difficulties in disadvantaged areas, where resources are limited and family support in reading is lower. However, such programmes are not a replacement for good teaching, and regular monitoring of children with reading difficulties is required. Further research is necessary to compare the programme used here to other conventional and computerized intervention programmes, using a larger sample. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multidentate Anion Receptors for Binding Glyphosate Dianion: Structure and Affinity
Authors: Kadam Sandip A. , Haav Kristjan , Toom Lauri , Pung Astrid , Mayeux Charly , Leito Ivo
Published: January 2017

For the first time, the relationships between anion receptor structures and their glyphosate dianion (Gly2–) binding affinity have been investigated. For this purpose, 12 multidentate bis‐indolocarbazole, bis‐urea and bis‐carbazole based synthetic receptors were synthesized and their binding affinities towards Gly2– were measured in H2O/DMSO media (0.5 % to 20 % of H2O). Computational geometries, as well as 1D and 2D NMR experiments were used to elucidate the structures of the complexes formed on binding of Gly2–. As expected, binding affinity depends strongly on the spatial position of the binding moieties, which, in turn, depend on the spacer length and rigidity. However, the relationships are not straightforward and, in some cases, are counterintuitive. Evidence is presented that, for several receptors, binding occurs through the phosphonate moiety only. One of the receptors described here has, to our knowledge, the strongest affinity towards Gly2– ever reported.
Addition of Mixed (Alkenyl)dialkylzincates to Vicinal Diketo Esters
Authors: Selter Lars , Harms Klaus , Koert Ulrich
Published: January 2017

Methods for the regioselective alkylation, arylation, and alkenylation of α,β‐diketo esters using organozinc reagents are reported. Alkylation and arylation at the α‐position is possible using diorganozinc compounds. Alkenylation can be achieved using mixed (alkenyl)dineopentylzincates.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Annulation of N‐Methoxybenzamides with Heterobicyclic Alkenes by C–H Functionalization: Synthesis of Benzo[b]phenanthridinones
Authors: Cheng Ying , Parthasarathy Kanniyappan , Bolm Carsten
Published: January 2017

A protocol for the rhodium(III)‐catalyzed annulation of N‐methoxybenzamides with 7‐oxa/azabenzonorbornadienes by C–H activation was developed. This method allowed the synthesis of polycyclic products containing an oxygen/nitrogen‐bridged structure in excellent yields. The annulated products were successfully transformed into benzo[b]phenanthridinones by a ring‐opening/aromatization sequence.
Convergent gustatory and viscerosensory processing in the human dorsal mid‐insula
Authors: Avery Jason A. , Gotts Stephen J. , Kerr Kara L. , Burrows Kaiping , Ingeholm John E. , Bodurka Jerzy , Martin Alex , Kyle Simmons W.
Published: January 2017

The homeostatic regulation of feeding behavior requires an organism to be able to integrate information from its internal environment, including peripheral visceral signals about the body's current energy needs, with information from its external environment, such as the palatability of energy‐rich food stimuli. The insula, which serves as the brain's primary sensory cortex for representing both visceral signals from the body and taste signals from the mouth and tongue, is a likely candidate region in which this integration might occur. However, to date it has been unclear whether information from these two homeostatically critical faculties is merely co‐represented in the human insula, or actually integrated there. Recent functional neuroimaging evidence of a common substrate for visceral interoception and taste perception within the human dorsal mid‐insula suggests a model whereby a single population of neurons may integrate viscerosensory and gustatory signals. To test this model, we used fMRI‐Adaptation to identify whether insula regions that exhibit repetition suppression following repeated interoception trials would then also exhibit adapted responses to subsequent gustatory stimuli. Multiple mid and anterior regions of the insula exhibited adaptation to interoceptive trials specifically, but only the dorsal mid‐insula regions exhibited an adapted gustatory response following interoception. The discovery of this gustatory‐interoceptive convergence within the neurons of the human insula supports the existence of a heretofore‐undocumented neural pathway by which visceral signals from the periphery modulate the activity of brain regions involved in feeding behavior. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2150–2164, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dissociation between amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis during threat anticipation in female post‐traumatic stress disorder patients
Authors: Brinkmann Leonie , Buff Christine , Neumeister Paula , Tupak Sara V. , Becker Michael P.I. , Herrmann Martin J. , Straube Thomas
Published: January 2017

Feelings of uncontrollability and anxiety regarding possibly harmful events are key features of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology. Due to a lack of studies, the neural correlates of anticipatory anxiety in PTSD are still poorly understood. During functional magnetic resonance imaging, female PTSD patients with interpersonal violence trauma and healthy controls (HC) anticipated the temporally unpredictable presentation of aversive (human scream) or neutral sounds. Based on separate analysis models, we investigated phasic and sustained brain activations. PTSD patients reported increased anxiety during anticipation of aversive versus neutral sounds. Furthermore, we found both increased initial, phasic amygdala activation and increased sustained activation of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) during anticipation of aversive versus neutral sounds in PTSD patients in comparison to HC. PTSD patients as compared with HC also showed increased phasic responses in mid‐cingulate cortex (MCC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), mid‐insula and lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) as well as increased sustained responses in MCC, PCC, anterior insula and lateral and medial PFC. Our results demonstrate a relationship between anticipatory anxiety in PTSD patients and hyperresponsiveness of brain regions that have previously been associated with PTSD symptomatology. Additionally, the dissociation between amygdala and BNST indicates distinct temporal and functional characteristics and suggests that phasic fear and sustained anxiety responses are enhanced during unpredictable anticipation of aversive stimuli in PTSD. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2190–2205, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prolapse of the Fallopian Tube Following Abdominal Hysterectomy
Authors: Sumathy V. , Baucom Karan
Published: January 2017

Sumathy, V. and Baucom, K. (Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Missouri‐Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Miss., USA). Prolapse of the Fallopian tube following abdominal hysterectomy. Report of three cases.

Int J Gynaecol Obstet 13: 273–276, 1975.

Three cases of prolapse of the Fallopian tube are presented. Probable predisposing factors for this clinical entity include post‐operative pelvic infection, failure to secure separate closure of the peritoneum and vaginal vault following abdominal hysterectomy. Unfortunately symptoms of tubal prolapse are very vague and misleading. Initial diagnosis is usually that of granulation tissue. A biopsy should be taken of any lesion within the vaginal vault which is sensitive to touch, bleeds easily and persists despite cauterization. Treatment of prolapsed tube is that of high ligation and excision. Cauterization of the prolapsed tube does not usually result in permanent cure. It is highly possible that there are more undiagnosed cases than one would imagine.
Morphologic Studies on the Non‐Cancerous Cervix in Jamaicans at Different Ages
Authors: Persaud Vasil
Published: January 2017

Persaud, V. (Dept. of Pathology, University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica). Morphologic studies on the non‐cancerous cervix in Jamaicans at different ages.

Int J Gynaecol Ohstet 14: 433–438, 1976.

A morphologic investigation on 100 cervices removed at autopsy from negro Jamaican women at different ages showed that columnar epithelium was frequently located on the portio vaginalis at all ages. The absence of this phenomenon in some fetal cervices supports the hypothesis of embryologic displacement rather than stimulation by maternal estrogens. Squamous metaplasia was common at all ages, even in the fetus; it showed little relationship to chronic inflammation, but the high frequency in post‐pubertal cases (80%) could have some relationship to the high incidence of cervical cancer in Jamaica. Chronic inflammation was not observed in the fetal cervix but occurred in most infants in whom it was attributed to congenital “erosion”. However, the cervices of children revealed a marked discrepancy between the presence of “erosion” and the degree and frequency of chronic inflammation (83%). This change is unexplained and requires further study.
Ectopic Pregnancy in Southern Iran
Authors: Javey Houshang
Published: January 2017

Javey, H. (Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Pahlavi University, Shiraz, Iran). Ectopic pregnancy in Southern Iran. A statistical review of 96 cases.

Int J Gynaecol Obstet 14: 472–476, 1976.

A review is presented of 96 cases of ectopic pregnancy over a 7‐year period. It is noted that in recent years the incidence of this problem has increased. Inadequately diagnosed and treated pelvic inflammatory disease has been found to be the main predisposing factor (40%). The rate of extra‐uterine gestation was 1:336 deliveries. In this study, previous fertility was high, and primigravidae constituted only 10.4% of the total. The effect of previous pelvic operations and pelvic infection is discussed; a statistical review of signs and symptoms is tabulated, and the management of the patient and of concomitant problems is presented.
Biophysical Aspects on Radiofrequency Diagnosis in Gynecology
Authors: Joelsson Ingemar , Höglund Astrid , Rudolfsson‐ÅSBERG Carin , Ingelman‐Sundberg Axel , Odeblad Erik
Published: January 2017

Clinical investigations have suggested that absorption of radiofrequent energy may differ between normal tissue and endometrial carcinoma. Such an effect can be caused by certain biological properties of the tissue, influencing the function of the electronic circuit which contains the RF emitting coil. The changes of the circuit have to be extracted via electronic devices and translated into information of diagnostic significance. Three different types of detector circuits, the resonance circuit, the marginal oscillator and four bridge circuits have been studied. The fundamental resonance circuit has been found to represent the most reliable device for the extraction of information of medical importance. The data presented in this paper is part of a more extensive investigation, with the ultimate aim to evaluate the depth of penetration of endometrial carcinoma into the myometrium. Such evaluation will facilitate individualized treatment of corpus carcinoma.
Training: An Integral Adjunct to the Introduction of Newer Methods of Fertility Regulation
Authors: Laufe Leonard E. , McCann Margaret F.
Published: January 2017

The provision of new technologies of fertility control that are known to be safer, simpler, and more effective may at first result in higher complication rates, particularly if training in the new techniques is inadequate. This was illustrated by analysis of data on several fertility control methods collected by the International Fertility Research Program. Various studies showed significantly higher complication rates earlier in the series than later, including one study in which complication rates fell dramatically after clinical training was provided. Another study showed the highest complication rate among the physicians performing the fewest number of cases. Finally, one analysis documented greater variability in several clinical criteria among the participating physicians than between the two pieces of equipment being compared. These data document that it is essential to train physicians and other staff members in the proper use of new equipment and techniques if the potential improvements offered by new technologies in fertility regulation are to be realized.
II. Hydatidiform Mole in Southern Iran: A Statistical Survey of 113 Cases
Authors: Javey Houshang , Sajadi Hassan
Published: January 2017

A statistical review of 113 cases of hydatidiform mole (HM) seen at Pahlavi University Hospital from January 1970 to December 1975 is presented. The incidence of the disease was found to be 1:314 pregnancies. In this study, 73.5% of the patients presumably had acceptable socioeconomic circumstances. The highest incidence of the disease was found in patients 15–25 years old, and it increased with parity. All patients presented with a period of amenorrhea and vaginal spotting. More than 50% of the patients sought treatment after 1–2 weeks of uterine bleeding. Signs and symptoms of the disease are discussed. The management of patients with HM and coexisting difficulties are presented.
Burst Abdomen Following Cesarean Section
Authors: Chukudebelu W. O. , Okafor E. I.
Published: January 2017

Fifty‐one cases of burst abdomen occurred following 1988 cesarean sections performed at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital over a 5‐year period. The incidence of this occurrence was 2.6% (2.3% if all laparotomies in both obstetrics and gynecology are combined). The risk was three times as great for “unbooked” patients, who were first seen in labor. Possible etiologic factors and preventive measures are discussed.
Maternal and Fetal Plasma Steroid Hormone Levels in Vaginal Delivery With and Without ACTH Infusion
Authors: Miyakawa Isao , Ikeda Isao , Nakayama Michio , Maeyama Masao
Published: January 2017

Radioimmunoassay tests were performed on the plasma of healthy women before, during and after labor and on plasma from the umbilical cord of their newborns at delivery to determine the levels of cortisol, progesterone and unconjugated estradiol‐17β (estradiol) and estriol. The levels of plasma cortisol found in six women just before delivery were statistically higher than the levels found in the same women before the onset of labor. The fetal plasma cortisol level found just after delivery was considerably lower than the maternal level, and the difference was statistically significant. The levels of plasma estradiol and estriol did not change in seven women during labor. In the newborn infants, these levels were significantly higher than the maternal levels. When adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) was infused into four women during labor, the levels of plasma cortisol increased slightly, but not significantly. The maternal plasma levels of both estradiol and estriol did not differ from the control values, while in the newborn infants these levels were significantly lower than those normally found. During labor, there was no difference between the plasma progesterone levels found in women who had been treated with ACTH infusion and in those who were not treated with ACTH. The results of this study suggest that an infusion of ACTH during labor causes the maternal adrenal cortex to increase the synthesis of corticosteroids. The corticosteroids then cross the placental barrier from the maternal to the fetal side and suppress the production of the estrogen precursor in the fetal adrenal gland, which results in lowered fetal plasma estrogen levels.
Oral Contraceptive Pills and Clinical Otosclerosis
Authors: Podoshin L. , Gertner R. , Fradis M. , Feiglin H. , Eibschitz I. , Sharf M. , Reiter A.
Published: January 2017

Clinical otosclerosis is a familial disease which is more frequent among women in their reproductive years. The condition usually is aggravated by pregnancy. Endocrinologic variables may influence the time of onset and the course of the disease. It is suspected that oral contraceptives (OCs) might stimulate the onset of the disease. Six hundred nulliparous women between the ages of 16 and 30, who used a variety of OCs for 12–36 months, were examined. The hearing of these women was thoroughly investigated. The first audiometric examination of the 600 women revealed three cases (0.5%) of clinical otosclerosis. This incidence is equal to that of the population as a whole, but lower than the incidence found in previously parous women. Audiometric examinations were normal in the remaining 597 women, and repeated examinations revealed no new cases of clinical otosclerosis, despite continuous OC use.
Improved Surveillance of Maternal Deaths
Authors: Ziskin Leah Z. , Gregory Margaret , Kreitzer Michael
Published: January 2017

This study explains and verifies an apparent increase in the New Jersey resident maternal mortality rate from 1.7 per 10 000 live births by the state's traditional method to 3.1 per 10 000 live births by a new method of surveillance instituted in late 1974. In 1975, the maternal mortality rate by the traditional method was 1.5 per 10 000 and by the expanded method, 3.0 per 10 000.

The traditional method complied data from death certificates submitted to the State Vital Statistics Office. The expanded method found additional deaths by review of Annual Maternity Services Reports from hospitals and by close follow‐up of individual reports of maternal deaths from medical examiners, physicians and hospitals.
Menarchal Age in Nigerian Schoolgirls: Its Relationship to Their Height, Weight and Menstrual Profile
Authors: Sogbanmu M. O. , Aregbesola Y. A.
Published: January 2017

Interviews with 119 students in a girls' residential secondary school in Ondo, Nigeria, revealed that 105 of them had menstruated, their mean age at menarche being 13.85 years, their mean height 156.8 cm and their mean weight 51.13 kg. The duration of menstrual bleeding was 4.43 days, the heaviest occurring at 1.82 days. Dysmenorrhea was reported by 32%. There was no correlation between the weight/height ratio and the mean age of the study group who were menstruating and the 14 students who were not. However, the difference in mean weight and height of those who had and had not attained menarche was significant. It is suggested that certain levels of weight and height are critical to achievement of spontaneous menstruation.
The Significance of Sinusoidal Fetal Heart Rate Pattern During Labor and Its Relation to Fetal Status and Neonatal Outcome
Authors: Ayromlooi Jahangir , Berg Peter , Tobias Mitchell
Published: January 2017

Twenty‐seven cases of sinusoidal fetal heart rate were studied. This group had a mean scalp pH of 7.288, significantly lower (p < 0.005) than that of the control group. The mean one‐minute Apgar score was 7.148, significantly lower (p < 0.001) than the control group's mean score. Almost half (48.15%) of the fetuses had a one‐minute Apgar score of 7 or less. Every fetus was viable. Amplitude of the pattern was found to correlate with neonatal depression, the larger the amplitude, the more profound the depression. Over 96% of the fetuses had cord‐related deceleration patterns, and nearly 63% had obvious cord complications. It is postulated that sinusoidal patterns are an umbilical cord‐related phenomenon, resulting from an alternating hypovolemia and hypervolemia. Clinicians are urged to scrutinize carefully any cases of this pattern, and perform an immediate fetal scalp blood pH determination. If the pH determination obtained is less than 7.25, the authors suggest intervention and operative delivery.
Peptide Contraception: Antifertility Properties of LH‐RH Analogues
Authors: Corbin Alan , Beattie Craig W. , Jones Robert , Bex Frederick
Published: January 2017

A prototype LH‐RH antagonist dampened the proestrous gonadotropin surge and blocked ovulation but had no effect on pregnant animals. In contrast, LH‐RH and two highly potent LH‐RH agonists terminated pregnancy when administrated prior to or following implantation. This contragestational effect, as well as other antireproductive properties of the agonists, coupled with the reversibility of their effects, strongly suggest that such peptides may provide a new basis for contraception.
The Physiology of the Perimenopausal Years: A Minireview
Authors: Upton G. Virginia
Published: January 2017

Selected studies on the physiology of the perimenopausal years and the subtle transitional changes that occur up to the postmenopause are reviewed. Extraovarian sources of estrogen, which must be considered when recommending dosage of replacement therapy, are described. The effects of hormonal therapy on endogenous hormones and the important roles of progesterone and prolactin are highlighted. The collected evidence suggests that (a) the vasomotor disturbance and depression experienced by estrogen‐deficient women are not psychosomatic disorders, (b) osteoporosis is preventable if estrogen therapy is initiated soon after cessation of ovarian function, and (c) administration of a weak estrogen combined with a progestogen can effectively prevent or treat the difficulties experienced during the female climacteric.
Nutritional Beliefs Among Pregnant Nigerian Women
Authors: Ojofeitimi E. O. , Tanimowo C. M.
Published: January 2017

One hundred fourteen low‐income women in their second trimester of pregnancy were asked to list the food items they thought were good and those to be avoided during pregnancy. Energy‐giving food items (starches) were considered good most often, while easily available protective (vegetables and fruits) and body‐building food items (proteins) were infrequently mentioned or avoided for cultural, religious or health reasons. Nearly three quarters of the women did not gain enough to meet the recommended weekly weight gain; 24.6% lost weight. Traditional beliefs rather than the more frequently cited reasons of poverty and nonavailability of foods are seen as major factors limiting the quality of diet among the respondents.
The Relative Value of Two Concentrations of Hypertonic Saline for Midtrimester Abortion
Authors: Ghosh A. K. , Konar J. R.
Published: January 2017

A study was conducted in Calcutta, India, to evaluate and compare the safety and effectiveness of the intraamniotic instillation of 5% and 20% saline in 359 women undergoing midtrimester pregnancy termination. The two abortion techniques were randomly assigned to the study patients. The incidence of method failures in the 5% (9.4%) and 20% (7.2%) saline groups was not significantly different (p < 0.05), nor was the incidence of incomplete abortion rates for the two groups significantly different (p < 0.05). At 24 hours or less, the abortion rates were significantly higher (p < 0.05) for women receiving the 20% saline, but at 36 and 48 hours there was no significant difference (p < 0.05). The mean induction‐to‐abortion interval was higher for the 5% (30.1 hours) than for the 20% (28.8 hours) saline cases, but this was not significantly significant. The incidences of excessive blood loss and fever were significantly higher (p < 0.05) for patients receiving the 5% than for those receiving the 20% saline. There were five (2.4%) deaths among the 20% and one death (0.7%) among the 5% saline groups.
Nonsurgical Female Sterilization
Authors: Laufe Leonard E. , Cole Lynda P.
Published: January 2017

The development of a safe, effective nonsurgical method of female sterilization that can be performed by paramedical personnel remains a high priority. The method should have a blind delivery system and require only one application. Methyl cyanoacrylate and quinacrine hydrochloride are the two most promising chemical agents. Quinacrine has evolved from instillations of a solution to the development of pellets to the use of an IUD vector. By using an IUD vector to deliver the quinacrine, tubal occlusion can be achieved with a reduction in total dosage and with one insertion instead of the three necessary with the solution and pellet methods.
Treatment of Fibrocystic Mastopathy by an Antiestrogen, Tamoxifen
Authors: Shaaban Mamdouh M. , Morad Farouk , Hassan Abd‐El‐Razik R.
Published: January 2017

For three successive months, 31 patients with fibrocystic mastopathy were treated with an antiestrogen, tamoxifen. As a result, the pain subsided in all but one of them. Disappearance or marked amelioration was also noticed in the objective signs of tenderness, diffuse induration and ill‐defined tender lumps. The least‐affected signs were serous discharge from the nipple and well‐defined tumor masses. Side effects to treatment were minimal, and benefits persisted for three months after the end of therapy in two thirds of the patients.
Total Maternal Urinary Estrogen Excretion and Estrogen/Creatinine Ratio as Placental
Authors: Tests Function , Varma Thankam R.
Published: January 2017

Five hundred patients with complications of pregnancy who were thought to be at risk of intrauterine growth retardation had serial paired maternal 24‐hour total urinary estrogen levels measured and random estrogen/creatinine ratios determined until within three days of delivery. The correlation between the random estrogen/creatinine ratio and the incidence of intrauterine growth retardation, presence of fetal distress in labor and a low Apgar score was found to be as good as the correlation between total maternal urinary estrogen excretion levels and fetal weight and status.
Antenatal Detection of Omphalocele by Ultrasound
Authors: Arienzo R. , Giliberti P. , Colacurci N. , Saggese C.
Published: January 2017

A case of successful antenatal detection of omphalocele is reported. Ultrasonic evidence of an abdominal wall defect with an extruding mass, without other anomalies, suggested the diagnosis of omphalocele and allowed the patient to receive special treatment. Despite the severity of the omphalocele, the infant was saved by immediate surgery.
Fertility Problems Associated with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Neri Alexander , Ovadia Yardena
Published: January 2017

A case of a cystic fibrosis patient with two pregnancies that ended in deliveries at 30 and 29 weeks' gestation, respectively, is presented. The author suggests that the increased life expectancy of cystic fibrosis patients because of therapeutic advances will increase the need to examine the association and effects of fertility in individuals with this genetic disease.
Responses to Treatment With Teriparatide in Patients With Atypical Femur Fractures Previously Treated With Bisphosphonates
Authors: Watts Nelson B , Aggers Deborah , McCarthy Edward F , Savage Tina , Martinez Stephanie , Patterson Rachel , Carrithers Erin , Miller Paul D
Published: January 2017

If oversuppression of bone turnover explained the association between bisphosphonate use and atypical subtrochanteric femur fractures (AFF), this could be reversed with anabolic treatment such as teriparatide. We conducted a prospective, open-label study in patients previously treated with bisphosphonates who sustained AFF, examining the response to 24-month treatment with teriparatide on bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular bone score (TBS), bone turnover markers (BTM), and fracture healing as well as quantitative histomorphometry. We studied 14 patients. Baseline BMD, BTM, and TBS varied widely. On initial bone biopsies, 12 of 14 patients showed tetracycline labels, but mineralizing surface/bone surface was below published normal values in all but 2. Lumbar spine BMD increased significantly at month 24 (6.1% ± 4.3%, p < 0.05 versus baseline), whereas total hip BMD and TBS did not change significantly. Changes in BTM occurred as reported previously for patients without AFF treated with teriparatide after prior bisphosphonate treatment. At month 24, fractures were healed in 6 patients, showed partial healing in 3, were unchanged in 2, and showed nonunion in 1. In a patient with two fractures, the fracture that occurred before teriparatide treatment was reported as healed, but the fracture that occurred while on treatment showed only partial healing. Bisphosphonate-treated patients who sustain AFF show heterogeneity of bone turnover. Treatment with teriparatide resulted in increases in BTM and lumbar spine BMD, as has been reported for patients without AFF. There was no significant effect of teriparatide on hip BMD, mineralizing surface to bone surface (MS/BS), or TBS and no consistent effect on fracture healing. In the context of a patient who has experienced an AFF after receiving bisphosphonate treatment, therapy with teriparatide for 24 months would be expected to increase BMD and BTM (and probably reduce the risk of fractures resulting from osteoporosis) but should not be relied on to aid in healing of the AFF. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Seroepidemiological and phylogenetic characterization of neurotropic enteroviruses in Ireland, 2005‐2014
Authors: Guerra Jorge Abboud , Waters Allison , Kelly Alison , Morley Ursula , O'Reilly Paul , O'Kelly Edwin , Dean Jonathan , Cunney Robert , O'Lorcain Piaras , Cotter Suzanne , Connell Jeff , O'Gorman Joanne , Hall William W. , Carr Michael , De Gascun Cillian F.
Published: January 2017

Enteroviruses (EVs) are associated with a broad spectrum of clinical presentation, including aseptic meningitis (AM), encephalitis, hand, foot and mouth disease, acute flaccid paralysis, and acute flaccid myelitis. Epidemics occur sporadically and are associated with increased cases of AM in children. The present study describes the seroepidemiological analysis of circulating EVs in Ireland from 2005 to 2014 and phylogenetic characterization of echovirus 30 (E‐30), enterovirus A71 (EV‐A71), and enterovirus D68 (EV‐D68). EV VP1 genotyping was applied to viral isolates and clinical samples, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and those isolates that remained untypeable by neutralising anti‐sera. An increase in AM cases from 2010 to 2014 was associated with an E‐30 genogroup variant VII and sequences clustered phylogenetically with those detected in AM outbreaks in France and Italy. EV‐D68 viral RNA was not detected in CSF samples and no neurological involvement was reported. Three EV‐A71 positive CSF samples were identified in patients presenting with AM. A phylogenetic analysis of respiratory‐associated EV‐D68 and EV‐A71 cases in circulation was performed to determine baseline epidemiological data. EV‐D68 segregated with clades B and B(1) and EV‐A71 clustered as subgenogroup C2. The EV VP1 genotyping method was more sensitive than neutralising anti‐sera methods by virus culture and importantly demonstrated concordance between EV genotypes in faecal and CSF samples which should facilitate EV screening by less invasive sampling approaches in AM presentations.
Effect of glenohumeral elevation on subacromial supraspinatus compression risk during simulated reaching
Authors: Lawrence Rebekah L. , Schlangen Dustin M. , Schneider Katelyn A. , Schoenecker Jonathan , Senger Andrea L. , Starr William C. , Staker Justin L. , Ellermann Jutta M. , Braman Jonathan P. , Ludewig Paula M.
Published: January 2017

Mechanical subacromial rotator cuff compression is one theoretical mechanism in the pathogenesis of rotator cuff disease. However, the relationship between shoulder kinematics and mechanical subacromial rotator cuff compression across the range of humeral elevation motion is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of humeral elevation on subacromial compression risk of the supraspinatus during a simulated functional reaching task. Three‐dimensional anatomical models were reconstructed from shoulder magnetic resonance images acquired from 20 subjects (10 asymptomatic, 10 symptomatic). Standardized glenohumeral kinematics from a simulated reaching task were imposed on the anatomic models and analyzed at 0, 30, 60, and 90° humerothoracic elevation. Five magnitudes of humeral retroversion were also imposed on the models at each angle of humerothoracic elevation to investigate the impact of retroversion on subacromial proximities. The minimum distance between the coracoacromial arch and supraspinatus tendon and footprint were quantified. When contact occurred, the magnitude of the intersecting volume between the supraspinatus tendon and coracoacromial arch was also quantified. The smallest minimum distance from the coracoacromial arch to the supraspinatus footprint occurred between 30 and 90°, while the smallest minimum distance to the supraspinatus tendon occurred between 0 and 60°. The magnitude of humeral retroversion did not significantly affect minimum distance to the supraspinatus tendon except at 60 or 90° humerothoracic elevation. The results of this study provide support for mechanical rotator cuff compression as a potential mechanism for the development of rotator cuff disease. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2329–2337, 2017.
Evidence that interfibrillar load transfer in tendon is supported by small diameter fibrils and not extrafibrillar tissue components
Authors: Szczesny Spencer E. , Fetchko Kristen L. , Dodge George R. , Elliott Dawn M.
Published: January 2017

Collagen fibrils in tendon are believed to be discontinuous and transfer tensile loads through shear forces generated during interfibrillar sliding. However, the structures that transmit these interfibrillar forces are unknown. Various extrafibrillar tissue components (e.g., glycosaminoglycans, collagens XII and XIV) have been suggested to transmit interfibrillar loads by bridging collagen fibrils. Alternatively, collagen fibrils may interact directly through physical fusions and interfibrillar branching. The objective of this study was to test whether extrafibrillar proteins are necessary to transmit load between collagen fibrils or if interfibrillar load transfer is accomplished directly by the fibrils themselves. Trypsin digestions were used to remove a broad spectrum of extrafibrillar proteins and measure their contribution to the multiscale mechanics of rat tail tendon fascicles. Additionally, images obtained from serial block‐face scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the three‐dimensional fibrillar organization in tendon fascicles and identify any potential interfibrillar interactions. While trypsin successfully removed several extrafibrillar tissue components, there was no change in the macroscale fascicle mechanics or fibril:tissue strain ratio. Furthermore, the imaging data suggested that a network of smaller diameter fibrils (<150 nm) wind around and fuse with their neighboring larger diameter fibrils. These findings demonstrate that interfibrillar load transfer is not supported by extrafibrillar tissue components and support the hypothesis that collagen fibrils are capable of transmitting loads themselves. Conclusively determining how fibrils bear load within tendon is critical for identifying the mechanisms that impair tissue function with degeneration and for restoring tissue properties via cell‐mediated regeneration or engineered tissue replacements. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2127–2134, 2017.
Impact of rhizobial inoculation and reduced N supply on biomass production and biological N2 fixation in common bean grown hydroponically
Authors: Kontopoulou Charis‐Konstantina , Liasis Epifanios , Iannetta Pietro PM , Tampakaki Anastasia , Savvas Dimitrios
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

Testing rhizobial inoculation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in hydroponics enables accurate quantification of biological N2 fixation (BNF) and provides information about the potential of reducing inorganic N fertilizer use. In view of this background, common bean grown on pumice was inoculated with Rhizobium tropici CIAT899 (Rt) and supplied with either full‐N (total nitrogen 11.2 mmol L−1), 1/3 of full‐N or N‐free nutrient solution (NS). BNF was quantified at the early pod‐filling stage using the 15N natural abundance method.

RESULTS

Full‐N supply to Rt‐inoculated plants resulted in markedly smaller nodules than less‐ or zero‐N supply, and no BNF. Rt inoculation of full‐N‐treated plants did not increase biomass and pod yield compared with non‐inoculation. Restriction (1/3 of full‐N) or omission of inorganic N resulted in successful nodulation and BNF (54.3 and 49.2 kg N ha−1, corresponding to 58 and 100% of total plant N content respectively) but suppressed dry shoot biomass from 191.7 (full‐N, +Rt) to 107.4 and 43.2 g per plant respectively. Nutrient cation uptake was reduced when inorganic N supply was less or omitted.

CONCLUSION

Rt inoculation of hydroponic bean provides no advantage when full‐N NS is supplied, while 1/3 of full‐N or N‐free NS suppresses plant biomass and yield, partly because the restricted NO3− supply impairs cation uptake. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Consumers' expectations and acceptability for low saturated fat ‘salami’: healthiness or taste?
Authors: Marino Rosaria , della Malva Antonella , Seccia Antonio , Caroprese Mariangela , Sevi Agostino , Albenzio Marzia
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

Nutritional properties of meat and meat products are becoming very important in purchasing behaviour, because consumers are even more concerned about healthiness. The present study aimed to examine the influence of health information on the expected and informed acceptability of salami. Traditional salami and two low saturated fat salami produced with partial or total substitution of pork backfat with extra virgin oil were evaluated.

RESULTS

Perceived acceptability was the lowest in salami with total animal fat substitution. In both low saturated fat salami, expected acceptability was significantly higher than perceived acceptability, while in traditional salami it was lower. Consumers completely assimilated their liking in the direction of expectations for salami with partial animal fat substitution, whereas incomplete assimilation was observed for salami with total animal fat substitution. The results also revealed that some sociodemographic characteristics discriminate consumer clusters from each other.

CONCLUSION

The present study highlights that nutritional information is not enough to satisfy consumers' expectations if the product is not sensorily acceptable. Findings about the relevance of information and consumers' segmentation could have important implications for policy makers and the meat product industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Antioxidant and chelating capacity of Maillard reaction products in amino acid‐sugar model systems: applications for food processing
Authors: Mondaca‐Navarro Blanca A , Ávila‐Villa Luz A , González‐Córdova Aarón F , López‐Cervantes Jaime , Sánchez‐Machado Dalia I , Campas‐Baypoli Olga N , Rodríguez‐Ramírez Roberto
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

Maillard reaction products (MRP) have gained increasing interest owing to their both positive and negative effects on human health. Aqueous amino acid‐sugar model systems were studied in order to evaluate the antioxidant and chelating activity of MRP under conditions similar to those of food processing. Amino acids (cysteine, glycine, isoleucine and lysine) combined with different sugars (fructose or glucose) were heated to 100 and 130 °C for 30, 60 and 90 min. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated via ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging assays, in addition to Fe2+ and Cu2+ ion chelating capacity.

RESULTS

In the ABTS assay, the cysteine‐fructose model system presented the highest antioxidant activity at 7.05 µmol mL−1 (130 °C, 60 min), expressed in Trolox equivalents. In the DPPH assay, the cysteine‐glucose system presented the highest antioxidant activity at 3.79 µmol mL−1 (100 °C, 90 min). The maximum rate of chelation of Fe2+ and Cu2+ was 96.31 and 59.44% respectively in the lysine‐fructose and cysteine‐glucose systems (100 °C, 30 min).

CONCLUSION

The model systems presented antioxidant and chelating activity under the analyzed temperatures and heating times, which are similar to the processing conditions of some foods. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Irrigation and fruit canopy position modify oil quality of olive trees (cv. Frantoio)
Authors: Caruso Giovanni , Gucci Riccardo , Sifola Maria Isabella , Selvaggini Roberto , Urbani Stefania , Esposto Sonia , Taticchi Agnese , Servili Maurizio
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

Fruit development and oil quality in Olea europaea L. are strongly influenced by both light and water availability. In the present study, the simultaneous effects of light environment and irrigation on fruit characteristics and oil quality were studied in a high‐density orchard over two consecutive years. Olive fruits were harvested from three canopy positions (intercepting approximately 64%, 42% and 30% of above canopy radiation) of fully‐productive trees subjected to full, deficit or complementary irrigation.

RESULTS

Fruits receiving 61–67% of above canopy radiation showed the highest fruit weight, mesocarp oil content and maturation index, whereas those intercepting only 27–33% showed the lowest values. Palmitoleic and linoleic acids increased in oils obtained from fruits exposed to high light levels, whereas oleic acid and the oleic‐linoleic acid ratio decreased. Neither canopy position, nor irrigation affected K232, K270, ΔK and the concentration of lignan in virgin olive oils (VOOs). Total phenols, 3,4‐DHPEA‐EDA [2‐(3,4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethyl (3S,4E)‐4‐formyl‐3‐(2‐oxoethyl)hex‐4‐enoate] and p‐HPEA‐EDA (decarboxymethyl ligstroside‐aglycone) increased in VOOs produced from fruits harvested from the top of the canopy, whereas full irrigation decreased total phenols and 3,4‐DHPEA‐EDA concentrations with respect to the complementary irrigation treatment.

CONCLUSION

Light and water availability are crucial not only for tree productivity, but also they clearly affect olive oil quality. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Portosystemic collaterals in living donor liver transplantation: What is all the fuss about?
Authors: Reddy Mettu Srinivas , Rela Mohamed
Published: January 2017

Portosystemic collaterals are a common finding in patients with cirrhosis undergoing liver transplantation. Recently, there has been a renewed interest regarding their significance in the setting of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) due to concerns of graft hypoperfusion or hyperperfusion and its impact on early posttransplant outcomes. Presence of these collaterals has greater significance in the LDLT setting when compared with the deceased donor liver transplantation setting as dictated by the difference in the physiology of partial liver grafts. We discuss current thinking of portal flow dynamics and the techniques for dealing with this clinical problem. Liver Transplantation 23 537–544 2017 AASLD.
Reminder: RMSSD and SD1 are identical heart rate variability metrics
Authors: Ciccone Anthony B. , Siedlik Jacob A. , Wecht Jill M. , Deckert Jake A. , Nguyen Nhuquynh D. , Weir Joseph P.
Published: January 2017

Assessment of heart rate variability (HRV) is a common approach to examine cardiac autonomic nervous system modulation that has been employed in a variety of settings. Frequently, both the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and SD1, which is a Poincaré plot component, have been used to quantify short‐term heart rate variability. It is not typically appreciated, however, that RMSSD and SD1 are identical metrics of HRV. As a reminder to clinicians and researchers who use and study HRV, we show both empirically and mathematically that RMSSD and SD1 are identical metrics. Because the homology between RMSSD and SD1 is not commonly known, the inclusion of both measures has been reported in many recent publications. The inappropriate use of such redundant data may affect the interpretation of HRV studies. Muscle Nerve 56: 674–678, 2017
Childhood Cranial Trauma from a Late Roman and Merovingian Context from Michelet, Lisieux, France
Authors: Timmins S. , Seréville‐Niel C. , Brickley M.
Published: January 2017

The Michelet necropolis in Lisieux, France, dating to the late Roman and Merovingian period, comprises of a large number of well‐preserved subadult remains offering a unique opportunity to better understand childhood trauma in the past. The focus of this study was to determine the amount, type and mechanisms of trauma evidenced in subadults from the 4th–8th century AD, and explore potential circumstances surrounding the trauma. The remains of 109 subadults from the Michelet necropolis were examined for the presence of cranial and post‐cranial trauma. Three individuals exhibited perimortem trauma, one individual had an antemortem cranial injury, and no cases of post‐cranial trauma were identified. Cranial trauma affected 4.1% of children with observable cranial remains (N = 4/97). The children affected were young (2–7 years old), making it unlikely that they would have participated in militaristic activities. Based on the location, morphology and mechanism of injury identified, it is likely that the perimortem injuries sustained by three children were not accidental. The presence of a number of cranial injuries from this site may be related to increased stress in the community related to the decline of the Roman Empire in Gaul, possible raiding barbarian groups during the 4th–5th centuries, or stresses related to the Gallic aristocracy solidifying political powers in northern Gaul during the 5th–7th centuries AD. The consideration and inclusion of childhood trauma in bioarchaeological analyses allows for a more detailed and in‐depth understanding of violence and childhood in the past. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum chemerin is associated with inflammatory and metabolic parameters—results of a population‐based study
Authors: Zylla Stephanie , Pietzner Maik , Kühn Jens‐Peter , Völzke Henry , Dörr Marcus , Nauck Matthias , Friedrich Nele
Published: January 2017

Objective

This study aimed to confirm existing assumptions about the associations of circulating chemerin with inflammatory and metabolic parameters in a large population‐based study.

Methods

Data of 3,986 subjects from the Study of Health in Pomerania were analyzed. Residual method was used to investigate the different associations of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with serum chemerin levels. Multivariable regression models were applied to examine the association of chemerin with high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, fibrinogen, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile, blood pressure, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension.

Results

Positive associations with chemerin were observed for VAT and SAT with a stronger relation found for VAT. After adjustment for waist circumference, increased chemerin levels were related to higher inflammatory cytokines and glycated hemoglobin and an unfavorable lipid profile. Logistic regression revealed positive associations of chemerin with dyslipidemia [highest vs. lowest quartile: odds ratio (OR) 1.56 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25‐1.94)] and hypertension [OR 1.31 (95% CI 1.03‐1.68)].

Conclusions

Chemerin levels are significantly linked to inflammation and metabolic syndrome. The majority of the detected associations persisted even after adjustment for waist circumference, suggesting that the relation of chemerin with the analyzed traits cannot be solely explained by an accumulation of adipose tissue.