bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Pu-erh tea pomace on the composition and diversity of cecum microflora in Chahua chicken No. 2
Authors: Huang Ying , He Yongjiang , Peng Zeqin , Hu Hong , Yang Minghua , Pan Hongbin , Zhao Sumei , Li Yongneng
Published: November 2023

Pu-erh tea pomace (PTP), a solid substance after extracting functional substances or steeping tea, is rich in crude protein, and crude fiber, and could be used as considerable bioactive substances in animal production. However, its application as poultry feed and its role in regulating the characteristics of gut microorganisms is unclear. The present study investigated the effects of PTP on growth performance and gut microbes of chicken. A total of 144 Chahua chickens No. 2 were individually housed and divided into three groups which were fed diets containing 0% (CK), 1% PTP (T1), and 2% PTP (T2), respectively. The serum and cecum contents were collected after slaughter for analysis. The results indicated that growth performance and carcass traits were not affected by the PTP content. Serum total triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in the T1 and T2 groups were significantly lower than in the CK group (p < 0.05). The gut microbiota α-diversity in the T2 group was significantly lower than in the CK group (p < 0.05). Based on partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), we observed significant segregation in gut bacterial communities among the groups. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were dominant in the cecum, occupying about 85% of the cecum flora. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes tended to increase. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Bacteroides is the highest in the CK、T1 and T2 groups. The relative abundances of Bacteroides and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 microorganisms in the T2 group were significantly higher than in the CK group (p < 0.05). However, the relative abundance of CHKCI001 microorganisms in the T2 group was significantly lower compared to the CK group (p < 0.05). TG content was significantly positively correlated with CHKCI001 relative abundance, and significantly negatively correlated with Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 relative abundance (p < 0.05). Moreover, the LDL-C content was significantly positively correlated with CHKCI001 relative abundance (p < 0.05). In conclusion, PTP could decrease the cholesterol levels in the blood by improving the composition of gut microbiota, which provides a reference for the application of PTP in the poultry industry.
Reoccurrence of West Nile virus lineage 1 after 2-year decline: first equine outbreak in Campania region
Authors: de Martinis Claudio , Cardillo Lorena , Pesce Federica , Viscardi Maurizio , Cozzolino Loredana , Paradiso Rubina , Cavallo Stefania , De Ascentis Matteo , Goffredo Maria , Monaco Federica , Savini Giovanni , D’Orilia Francescantonio , Pinto Renato , Fusco Giovanna
Published: November 2023

West Nile virus (WNV) is the most widespread arbovirus worldwide, responsible for severe neurological symptoms in humans as well as in horses and birds. The main reservoir and amplifier of the virus are birds, and migratory birds seem to have a key role in the introduction and spread of WNV during their migratory routes. WNV lineage 1 (L1) has been missing in Italy for almost 10 years, only to reappear in 2020 in two dead raptor birds in southern Italy. The present study reports the first equine outbreak in the Campania region. A 7-year-old horse died because of worsening neurological signs and underwent necropsy and biomolecular analyses. WNV-L1 was detected by real-time RT-PCR in the heart, brain, gut, liver, and spleen. Next Generation Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strain responsible for the outbreak showed a nucleotide identity of over 98% with the strain found in Accipiter gentilis 2 years earlier in the same area, belonging to the WNV-L1 Western-Mediterranean sub-cluster. These results underline that WNV-L1, after reintroduction in 2020, has probably silently circulated during a 2-year eclipse, with no positive sample revealed by both serological and biomolecular examinations in horses, birds, and mosquitoes. The climate changes that have occurred in the last decades are evolving the epidemiology of WNV, with introductions or re-introductions of the virus in areas that were previously considered low risk. Thereby, the virus may easily amplify and establish itself to reappear with sporadic evident cases in susceptible hosts after several months or even years.
Equity in Transplantation Access in Nepal: An Analysis of Gender, Geographic, and Caste-Based Disparities in Transplants
Authors: Singh Shah Dibya , Shrestha Midhan , Khatri Bikash , Chhetri Santosh , Shrestha Kalpana , Sedhai Sangita , Joshi Upendra , Gautam Manish
Published: November 2023

Transplantation is a lifesaving modality for addressing various organ failures. While kidney transplant services became available in Nepal in 2008, the introduction of liver transplantation is more recent. The government provides financial assistance to support lifelong dialysis and kidney transplantation. The importance of equitable access to transplantation cannot be overemphasized. This study aims to examine the equity in accessing transplantation services. This retrospective observational study encompasses patients who underwent kidney transplantation up until December 2022 across five major hospitals. Through standardized data collection and analysis, we evaluated the distribution of recipients based on gender, caste/ethnicity, and geographic location. A total of 2040 kidney transplantations were performed during the period. Notably, 79% of the recipients were men and, interestingly, 70% of the donors were women. Geographically, the highest proportion (31.8%) of recipients were from Bagmati, while the lowest (l2.8%) were from Karnali. Regarding caste and ethnicity, Janajatis accounted for 31% and Chhetris for 22.9%; Madhesis were lowest at 8.12%. Only 17 liver transplantations were conducted during the same period. Although access to kidney transplantation exists in Nepal, this study highlights persistent disparities. Women, rural and remote populations, as well as specific ethnic and caste groups encounter barriers to accessing transplantation services.
An Algorithm for Coloring of Picture Fuzzy Graphs Based on Strong and Weak Adjacencies, and Its Application
Authors: Rosyida Isnaini , Indrati Christiana Rini
Published: November 2023

The idea of strong and weak adjacencies between vertices has been generalized into fuzzy graphs and intuitionistic fuzzy graphs (IFGs), and it is an important part of making decisions. However, one or two membership degrees are not always sufficient for making decisions on real-world problems that need an answer of types “yes, neutral, and no”. Consequently, in previous work, we generalized the concept into picture fuzzy graphs (PFGs) where each element in the PFG has membership, neutral, and non-membership degrees. Moreover, we constructed the notion of the coloring of PFGs based on strong and weak adjacencies between vertices. In this paper, we investigate some properties of the chromatic number of PFGs based on the concept of strong and weak adjacencies between vertices. According to these properties, we construct an algorithm to find the chromatic number of PFGs. The algorithm is useful when we work with large PFGs. Further, we improve the method to implement the PFG’s coloring for determining traffic signal phasing at an intersection. A case study has also been carried to evaluate the method.
Free Vibrations of a New Three-Phase Composite Cylindrical Shell
Authors: Liu Tao , Duan Jinqiu , Zheng Yan , Qian Yingjing
Published: November 2023

The novel concept of a functionally graded three-phase composite structure is derived from the urgent need to improve the mechanical properties of traditional two-phase composite structures in aviation. In this paper, we study the free vibrations of a new functionally graded three-phase composite cylindrical shell reinforced synergistically with graphene platelets and carbon fibers. We calculate the equivalent elastic properties of the new three-phase composite cylindrical shell using the Halpin-Tsai and Mori-Tanaka models. The governing equations of this three-phase composite cylindrical shell are derived by using first-order shear deformation theory and Hamilton’s principle. We obtain the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the new functionally graded three-phase composite cylindrical shell under artificial boundary conditions. By comparing the results of this paper with the numerical results of finite element software, the calculation method is verified. The effects of the boundary spring stiffness, GPL mass fraction, GPL functionally graded distributions, carbon fiber content, and the carbon fiber layup angle on the free vibrations of the functionally graded three-phase composite cylindrical shell are analyzed in depth. The conclusions provide a certain guiding significance for the future application of this new three-phase composite structure in the aerospace and engineering fields.
Effects of Different Manures in Combination with Fulvic Acid on the Abundance of N-Cycling Functional Genes in Greenhouse Soils
Authors: Zhao Shouqiang , Li Zhongyang , Liu Chuncheng , Sun Jiuming , Song Jibin , Li Xiaotong , Liu Yuan
Published: November 2023

To investigate the effects of different manures in combination with fulvic acid on the abundance of N-cycling functional genes in greenhouse soils, Chinese cabbage was planted for three growing seasons. A total of six treatments—pig manure (P), pig manure + fulvic acid (PH), chicken manure (C), chicken manure + fulvic acid (CH), sheep manure (S), sheep manure + fulvic acid (SH) and no fertilization (CK)—were set up. The abundance of 13 soil N-cycling functional genes (gdhA, amoA-1, amoA-2, amoB, narG, nirK-1, nirK-2, nirK-3, nirS-1, nirS-2, nirS-3, nosZ and nifH) were investigated after the harvest of the third growing season using a gene chip approach. The results showed that fertilization treatments increased the abundance of most N-cycling functional genes in the soil, such as nitrification genes amoA-2 and amoB as well as denitrification genes narG, nirK-1, nirS-1 and nirS-2, with the stronger influence of sheep and pig manure than chicken manure. Fortunately, the additional fulvic acid reduced the increasing effect resulting from pig, chicken and sheep manure application. The abundance of functional genes for nitrogen cycling in soil was positively correlated with the content of soil organic matter, available phosphorus and NO3−-N, and negatively correlated with electrical conductivity. Overall, fertilization treatments increased soil nitrification and denitrification genes abundance, with a risk of increasing soil nitrogen loss, but the supplementary fulvic acid could limit the increase. In this study, it was concluded that the sheep manure (31.3 t/ha) + fulvic acid (7.5 kg/ha) treatment was more powerful in regulating the abundance of N-cycling functional genes in soil.
A Comparison of the Physiological Traits and Gene Expression of Brassinosteroids Signaling under Drought Conditions in Two Chickpea Cultivars
Authors: Felagari Khatereh , Bahramnejad Bahman , Siosemardeh Adel , Mirzaei Khaled , Lei Xiujuan , Zhang Jian
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effects of drought stress at the flowering stage on the physiological and molecular responses of the genes involved in the brassinosteroid pathway of two chickpea cultivars (ILC1799: drought tolerant, and ILC3279: drought sensitive). The drought resulted in significant reductions in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content in both cultivars, and had significantly lesser effects on the tolerant cultivar, Samin, compared to that of ILC3279. However, the relative water content, the osmotic potential and the cell membrane stability were less affected by drought in both cultivars. The proline content and peroxidase activity increased significantly under drought stress in both cultivars, with a higher amount in Samin (ILC1799). Members of the BES1 family positively mediate brassinosteroid signaling and play an important role in regulating plant stress responses. The expression of these genes was analyzed in chickpea cultivars under drought. Further, a genome-wide analysis of BES1 genes in the chickpea genome was conducted. Six CaBES1 genes were identified in total, and their phylogenetic tree, gene structures, and conserved motifs were determined. CaBES1 gene expression patterns were analyzed using a transcription database and quantitative real-time PCR analysis. The results revealed that the expression of CaBES1 genes are different in response to various plant stresses. The expression levels of CaBES1.1, CaBES1.2, CaNAC72 and CaRD26 genes were measured by using qRT-PCR. The relative expression of CaBES1.2 in the drought conditions was significantly downregulated. In contrast to CaBES1.1 and CaBES1.2, the expression of CaRD26 and CaNAC72 showed a significant increase under drought stress. The expression of CaRD26 and CaNAC72 genes was significantly higher in the Samin cultivar compared to that of ILC3279 cultivars.
Structure of Endophytes in the Root, Stem, and Leaf Tissues of Sweetpotato and Their Response to Sweetpotato Scab Disease Caused by Elsinoë batatas
Authors: Wang Shixin , Ma Tingting , Yao Xiaojian , Yao Zhufang , Wang Zhangying , Dong Zhangyong , Luo Mei , Huang Lifei
Published: November 2023

Endophytes are symbiotic microbes that are mutually beneficial to the plant host and whose number and diversity affect the strength of plant resistance to stresses. The infection of sweetpotato with the scab pathogen can lead to yield losses. However, little is known about how the endophytic flora in sweetpotato respond to scab pathogen infection. This study used high-throughput amplicon sequencing with Illumina’s MiSeq PE300 platform ITS and the 16SrRNA gene to analyze the composition and distribution of endophytic flora in the roots, stems, and leaves of sweetpotato plants infected with scab disease and those of healthy plants. The dominant endophytic fungi in sweetpotato were Ascomycota, while the dominant endophytic bacteria were Proteobacteria. The diversity of endophytic fungi in the healthy plants followed a root > stem > leaf trend, while an opposite trend was observed in the infected plants. The diversity pattern of endophytic bacterial flora showed a root > stem > leaf trend in both healthy and infected plants. The scab pathogen Elsinoë was classified under OTU87 and was enriched in the leaves and stems of the infected plants. OTU87 was negatively correlated with Acaulospora and positively correlated with eight other fungal taxa, including Cladosporium.Future research should focus on exploring potential biocontrol fungal resources for sweetpotato scab.
Modulation of In Vitro Macrophage Responses via Primary and Secondary Bile Acids in Dogs
Authors: Manchester Alison C. , Chow Lyndah , Wheat William , Dow Steven
Published: November 2023

Bile acids (BA) are important metabolites secreted into the intestinal lumen and impacted by luminal microbes and dietary intake. Prior studies in humans and rodents have shown that BAs are immunologically active and that primary and secondary BAs have distinct immune properties. Therefore, the composition of the gut BA pool may influence GI inflammatory responses. The current study investigated the relative immune modulatory properties of primary (cholic acid, CA) and secondary BAs (lithocholic acid, LCA) by assessing their effects on canine macrophage cytokine secretion and BA receptor (TGR5) expression. In addition, RNA sequencing was used to further interrogate how CA and LCA differentially modulated macrophage responses to LPS (lipopolysaccharide). We found that exposure to either CA or LCA influenced LPS-induced cytokine production via macrophages similarly, with suppression of TNF-α secretion and enhancement of IL-10 secretion. Neither BA altered the expression of the BA receptor TGR5. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that CA activated inflammatory signaling pathways in macrophages involving type II interferon signaling and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, whereas LCA activated pathways related to nitric oxide signaling and cell cycle regulation. Thus, we concluded that both primary and secondary BAs are active modulators of macrophage responses in dogs, with differential and shared effects evident with sequencing analysis.
Efficacy of Medical Ozone as an Adjuvant Treatment in Dogs with Intervertebral Disc Protusions—A Retrospective Study
Authors: Portero Miriam , Villalonga Luis , Hernández Mercedes , Pérez Díaz Carmen
Published: November 2023

Ozone-therapy is used in humans as a coadjutant treatment in intervertebral disc diseases due to its analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. References in dogs are scarce and limited to clinical cases (intradiscal/paravertebral infiltrations). The aim of this study was to assess the use of medical ozone (MO) as an adjunctive treatment in dogs with intervertebral disc protrusions (Hansen Type II/Chronic). A retrospective study was conducted in dogs diagnosed with intervertebral disc protrusions by MRI/CT in which MO was used as an adjuvant therapy to conventional medical treatment. Neurological examination and quality of life (QL) at the beginning and end of study were recorded, as well as posology and possible side effects. A total of 21 patients of different breeds and sex with a mean age of 12 years were included in this study. Results showed pain relief (7 ± 3 days) and improvement of neurologic signs (11 ± 9 days) with a consequent increasement in QL (13 ± 9 days). Thirteen out of the twenty-one patients (62%) showed a complete remission of the clinical signs. No serious adverse effects were observed. Medical ozone could be a potential complementary therapy to medical treatment in dogs with intervertebral disc protrusions. Prospective studies are necessary.
Editorial for the Special Issue: “The Issue of Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens in Nosocomial Infections”
Authors: Maraolo Alberto Enrico
Published: November 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem; in 2019, before the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it was responsible of more deaths than any other infectious diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus and malaria [...]
A Fractional-Order Creep Model of Water-Immersed Coal
Authors: Li Gen , Wanyan Qiqi , Li Zhengsheng , Yi Haiyang , Ren Fengfei , Chen Zheng , Liu Yang
Published: November 2023

The long-term stability of a coal pillar dam is a serious concern for coal mine underground reservoirs because of the creep behavior of coal in complex water immersion and mechanical environments. In order to investigate the characteristics of creep deformation of water-immersed coal and develop a proper creep model, this paper implemented a series of creep experiments of coal via multistage loading at various water-immersion times. The experiment data were analyzed, in terms of immersion-induced damage, elasto-plastic performance, creep behavior, etc., suggesting obvious mechanical properties’ degradation of coal by water. The elastic modulus and peak strength of water-immersed coal decrease exponentially with the immersion time, while the creep rate of coal shows an upward tendency with the promoted immersion time. According to the remarked relationships of elastic, viscoelastic, and viscoplastic properties versus the stress levels and water-immersion time, a creep model based on conformable fractional derivatives is proposed, considering the influence of the water-immersion time and variable stress level. The proposed model was verified using the experiment data, showing a good capacity of the creep model for reproducing the creep process of water-immersed coal. This paper provides a fundamental model for further studying the stability of coal pillars and their influence on the safety of underground water reservoirs.
A Large-Class Few-Shot Learning Method Based on High-Dimensional Features
Authors: Dang Jiawei , Zhou Yu , Zheng Ruirui , He Jianjun
Published: November 2023

Large-class few-shot learning has a wide range of applications in many fields, such as the medical, power, security, and remote sensing fields. At present, many few-shot learning methods for fewer-class scenarios have been proposed, but little research has been performed for large-class scenarios. In this paper, we propose a large-class few-shot learning method called HF-FSL, which is based on high-dimensional features. Recent theoretical research shows that if the distribution of samples in a high-dimensional feature space meets the conditions of compactness within the class and the dispersion between classes, the large-class few-shot learning method has a better generalization ability. Inspired by this theory, the basic idea is use a deep neural network to extract high-dimensional features and unitize them to project the samples onto a hypersphere. The global orthogonal regularization strategy can then be used to make samples of different classes on the hypersphere that are as orthogonal as possible, so as to achieve the goal of sample compactness within the class and the dispersion between classes in high-dimensional feature space. Experiments on Omniglot, Fungi, and ImageNet demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively improve the recognition accuracy in a large-class FSL problem.
Effect of Solidified Depth on the Vertical Compressive Bearing Characteristics of the Soil Continuously Solidified Pile Group Foundation
Authors: Sun Tao , Wang Chen , Xu Dongjing , Lin Zhiyuan , Yang Junjie , Liu Shengmei , Yang Fakai
Published: November 2023

To meet the ultra-high bearing capacity design requirements of pile foundations under geological conditions without a good holding layer, we invented a new type of group pile foundation with the soil continuously solidified between piles (hereinafter referred to as the SCS group pile foundation). Considering the solidified depth as a key influencing factor, the vertical ultimate compressive bearing capacity, load transfer law, and damage pattern of the soil around the continuously solidified group pile foundation were investigated using an indoor half-model test. The results revealed that the setting of the continuously solidified part has a significant effect on its compressive bearing characteristics. The ultimate compressive bearing capacity of the SCS group pile foundation was increased by four to nine times compared with the traditional group pile foundation. When the pile spacing is 4–6D (D = pile diameter), designing a continuously solidified depth greater than 14D is recommended. Except for the solidified depths of 2D and 18D, the lateral resistances of the other model piles first increase and then decrease with increasing depth. The maximum values were located at the continuously solidified part and were obviously larger than those of the other pile sections. The maximum pile lateral frictional resistance was provided at the maximum depth of the continuously solidified part. After setting up the continuously solidified part, none of the bearing capacity of the pile ends exceeded 5%. The bearing capacity of the SCS group pile foundation was mainly shared by the continuously solidified part and the pile lateral frictional resistance. For the same pile spacing, the high strain damage zone of the soil at the bottom of the continuously solidified 2D–14D foundation was “abacus bead”; when the burial depth of the continuously solidified part reached 18D, the foundation soil exhibited “inverted bowl” damage.
Optimization of Structural Parameters of Venturi Vertical Cooling Furnace
Authors: Li Haifeng , Qi Tengfei , Zhang Yongjie
Published: November 2023

Theoretically, the vertical sinter sensible heat recovery process can significantly improve the recovery rate of sinter sensible heat. However, the segregated distribution of the sinter and uneven gas–solid flow in vertical cooling furnaces result in insufficient contact and heat exchange between the high-temperature sinter and the cooling gas, thereby limiting the improvement in the sinter sensible heat recovery rate. A Venturi vertical cooling furnace can improve the contact heat transfer between gases and solids and the uniformity of the sinter and the cooling gas temperature. However, this leads to a significant increase in the gas pressure drop and affects the integrity of the downward movement of the sinter. To control the increase in the gas pressure drop while increasing the sensible heat recovery and maintaining the integral flow of the sinter, this study takes a Meishan Steel vertical cooling furnace as the research object and uses the DEM-CFD coupling model to optimize the structural parameters of the Venturi-type vertical cooling furnace. Firstly, a scaling method was designed to reduce the computational cost. Secondly, based on the on-site conditions, the selection range of structural parameters for the Venturi furnace was determined. Finally, an orthogonal experiment was designed. Taking the sensible heat recovery of the sinter and the pressure drop of the cooling gas as the main index, the integrity of the sinter flow was taken as the secondary index to study the Venturi structure parameters suitable for the Meishan Steel vertical cooling furnace, including the width of the vertical part w, the length of the vertical part l, the contraction angle of the contraction part β, and the expansion angle of the expansion part α. The results showed that the order of structural parameters affecting the sensible heat recovery was w, β, α, and l, and the order of parameters affecting the gas pressure drop was w, β, l, and α. The appropriate structural parameters of the Venturi furnace type, obtained by considering the sensible heat recovery and gas pressure drop, were w = 1.1 m, β = 16°, α = 13°, and l = 0.5 m. In addition, in order to improve the integrity of the sinter flow, it was also necessary to increase the wall friction of the particles in the central area of the vertical section by adding steel plates. The results can provide theoretical guidance for improvements to the Meishan Steel vertical cooling furnace. The operation parameters corresponding to the Venturi furnace type can be studied later.
Adaptive Multi-Dimensional Taylor Network Tracking Control for a Class of Nonlinear Strict Feedback Systems
Authors: Sun Qiming , Zhang Ying , Wu Shangzheng , Zhang Chao , Jiang Xiaochuan
Published: November 2023

Nonlinear systems are very common in real life, but because they are not superposed and homogeneous, there are many difficulties in controlling nonlinear systems. Therefore, an adaptive control method based on a multi-dimensional Taylor network (MTN) is proposed for a class of nonlinear systems with strict feedback so that the output of the system can track the given signal. In order to achieve the control effect, we define a new state variable and transform the strict feedback system. After transformation, the original feedback system has a standard form, and two parameters to be identified are obtained. Then, the state observer is designed, and the two parameters are identified via the approximation of the MTN. On this basis, the controller design and a system stability analysis are completed. The lemma is introduced, and the stability condition is established by using this low-pass filter to ensure that all closed-loop signals are semi-globally uniform and finally bounded and the output tracking error converges to the residual set near zero. Finally, a numerical simulation of a hydraulic system is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Under the three indexes, the proposed method has obvious advantages.
Industrial Mass Production of Platelet Dry Powder
Authors: Lin Shih-Hung , Su Chen-Ying , Fang Hsu-Wei
Published: November 2023

The goal of this paper is to examine the use of pig blood in the industrial mass production of platelet dry powder and to transform platelet dry powder into a low-cost and mass-produced material. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) contain multiple types of growth factors (GFs) and can be widely used in medical applications. However, neither can be mass-produced, due to the complexity of the PRP preparation process and the lack of anticoagulants in the PRF preparation process, increasing the risk of coagulation during mass production. Another obstacle is the insufficient supply of autologous PRP and autologous PRF. In this study, platelet dry powder was mass-produced from pig blood through the indirect addition of calcium chloride solution. Furthermore, the results showed that different concentrations and percentages of calcium chloride solution had significant effects on concentrations of TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB in the platelet dry powder. The platelet dry powder mass-produced from pig blood demonstrated high concentrations of GFs and long-term shelf stability, increasing the supply to industries that use it in product development.
GIS Approach for Expressing Structural Landforms: Forms, Elements, and Relationships
Authors: Liu Yanrong , Lu Guonian , Meng Zhongqiu , Guo Dashu , Hu Di , Zhu Lei , He Handong
Published: November 2023

A structural landform is defined by its surface morphology, controlled by tectonics, lithology (arrangement and resistance), and folded structures, and demonstrated by the characteristics and relationships between geological and geomorphic elements. It is very important to use geographic information system (GIS) technology to accurately describe and express elements of structural landforms and their relationships. In this study, a GIS approach for expressing structural landforms, based on “forms–elements–relationships”, was developed. The contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) Combined with the surface morphological characteristics, the structural landforms were abstracted into geological and geomorphic elements, and the characteristics and relationships of these elements were analyzed. (2) The elements of structural landforms and their relationships were abstracted into spatial objects and topological relationships. The spatial objects of the structural landform were designed based on the types and characteristics of structural landform elements. The topological relationships were developed based on the definition of the structural landform morphotype. (3) The structural landform markup language (SLML) method of “forms–elements–relationships” was created. (4) Two typical structural landforms, namely, Qixia Mountain and Gaoli Mountain, were used as examples to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the GIS approach for expressing structural landforms. This paper describes and expresses the “forms–elements–relationships” of structural landforms from the perspective of GIS, which is expected to promote the joint development of structural geomorphology and GIS.
Characterization and Source Analysis of Pollution Caused by Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds in the Spring, Kunming, China
Authors: Xie Shuyang , Gong Yuanjun , Chen Yunbo , Li Kai , Liu Junfeng
Published: November 2023

The surface atmospheric O3 concentration in Kunming shows a significant upward trend, with high values mainly occurring in March–May. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are one of the most important precursors of O3. However, the sources of VOCs are complex and difficult to identify. In order to understand the pollution levels, the spatial distribution characteristics, and possible sources of VOCs, we conducted simultaneous offline sampling at representative sites in six different functional areas of Kunming using SUMMA canisters for one week. The VOC samples were analyzed via GC/MS. The VOC data were analyzed (using the feature ratio method, ozone formation potential (OFP), and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model). Some important conclusions were drawn. Firstly, VOCs during the spring in Kunming were mainly derived from oxygenated VOCs, aromatic hydrocarbons, and halogenated hydrocarbons, with significant spatial differences. Secondly, we found that the potential for atmospheric ozone formation is higher in Kunming for aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenated VOCs. Finally, the results of the Positive Matrix Factorization model (PMF) showed that Kunming’s ambient atmospheric VOCs mainly originate from anthropogenic source emissions. These conclusions can provide useful reference information for O3 pollution control in Kunming.
Cloud Characteristics and Their Effects on Solar Irradiance According to the ICON Model, CLOUDNET and BSRN Observations
Authors: Shuvalova Julia , Chubarova Natalia , Shatunova Marina
Published: November 2023

We investigated the liquid water path and global solar irradiance (Q) at ground level according to the ICON model; CLOUDNET measurements in Lindenberg, Munich, and Jülich; and BSRN observations in Lindenberg. This research is focused on stratiform non-precipitating clouds. The liquid water path (LWP) is underestimated, while Q is overestimated. The lower LWP is due to liquid water content underestimation practically in all atmosphere layers and a lower frequency of liquid cloud occurrence compared to observations. This is partly associated with the structure of the cloud nucleation scheme of the ICON model and with the default cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentration. An increase in CCNs from 250 cm−3 (typical background value for the region of interest) to 1700 cm−3 (characteristic of polluted continental clouds) leads to an increase in the grid-scale liquid water path by 40% and a decrease in Q by 12% in overcast conditions. However, we also showed that the liquid water path is not a key factor of Q overestimation. The main factor is an inaccurate description of the cloud spatial structure, where the correct prediction of the ratio of direct to global irradiance as a spatial characteristic of clouds plays a more important role than the standard cloud fraction.
Positive Effect Observed on Reducing Criteria Pollutant Emissions Provided by Provisional Local Regulations during the 2022 Winter Olympics
Authors: Shi Zongwen , Ren Zhoupeng , Fan Junfu , Zuo Jiwei , Gao Yu , Wei Fulu
Published: November 2023

This study examined the impact of temporary air quality control measures on reducing pollutants during the 2022 Winter Olympics in China, utilizing real-time monitoring data from 2017 and 2022 to assess spatial and temporal variations in critical air pollutant concentrations. The results showed that concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, CO, SO2, and NO2 in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region during the Olympic Games showed a marked decrease compared to the historical period, with reductions of 36.59%, 20.35%, 33.95%, 28.90%, and 22.70%, respectively. Significant north–south spatial differences were observed in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Province during the Olympic period. The cities of Zhangjiakou, Chengde, Qinhuangdao, Beijing, and Tangshan showed the most significant pollution reduction. Based on assessments conducted during the Olympic period, it was noted that more than 95% of the daily average concentrations of pollutants are below the maximum values set by the World Health Organization for the interim target. Our research shows that provisional regulations effectively control the emission of air pollutants, providing a solid reference and basis for ensuring air quality during major international events.
Literature Review of an Anterior Deprogrammer to Determine the Centric Relation and Presentation of Cases
Authors: Danko Maria , Chromy Lubos , Ferencik Norbert , Sestakova Marcela , Kolembusova Petra , Balint Tomas , Durica Jaroslav , Zivcak Jozef
Published: November 2023

The increasing demand for dental aesthetics, articulation corrections, and solutions for pain and frequent bruxism demands quick and effective restorative dental management. The biomedical research aimed to create a beneficial, ecological, and readily available anterior deprogrammer to determine the centric relation (CR) of cases. This medical device is additively manufactured from a biocompatible material. Size is customizable based on the width of the patient’s anterior central incisors. This is a pilot study with two subjects. The task was to develop a complete data protocol for the production process, computer-aided design (CAD), and three-dimensional (3D) printing of the anterior deprogrammers. The research focused on creating simple and practically applicable tools for the dentist’s prescription (anterior deprogrammer in three sizes), and secondly for the communication between the dentist and the patient (computer application). The tested hypothesis was whether, according to these novel tools, it is possible to produce functional occlusal splints, which could be manufactured using current technologies. This study compared a traditional splint with a digitally designed and 3D-printed one. The tested hypothesis was whether manufactured occlusal splints differ in patients’ subjective perception of comfort. Each conservative treatment was monitored for ten weeks. Initial results are promising; no statistically significant difference was found between the productive technologies.
Evolutionary Plasticity in Insular Lizard, Adapting over Reproduction, Metabolism, and Color Variation
Authors: Fulgione Domenico , Maselli Valeria , Rivieccio Eleonora , Aceto Serena , Salvemini Marco , Buglione Maria
Published: November 2023

The Italian wall lizard (Podarcis siculus) living on islets exhibits a melanic skin coloration and a suite of adaptive traits lacking in nearby mainland populations. On islets, the unpredictable environmental conditions and highly fluctuating population densities are believed to have produced reversed island syndrome (RIS). Several physiological, behavioral, and life-history changes based on the RIS could result from positive selection on increased activity of melanocortins. We hypothesize that phenotypes on islets are the product of a plastic variation depending on the regulation of specific genes. Focusing on control systems that determine the insular-adapted phenotype, we demonstrated that reproductive markers, involved in the hypothalamus–hypophysis–gonadal axis, and metabolism markers, flags for hypophysis-melanocortin receptors, are all up-regulated in island lizards under the RIS. This behavior, combined with the observed limited variation in the mitochondrial genome, agrees with the hypothesis that plasticity enables populations to persist in novel environmental conditions and that over time, natural selection will “fine-tune” the population to the environment by modifying the phenotype under selection. We believe that analysis of the transcriptome and the single gene expression, such that all the variations observed in the island populations, can be useful to shed light on evolutionary plasticity as a process affecting animals’ populations in general.
Exploring the Potential Mechanism of Action of Piperine against Candida albicans and Targeting Its Virulence Factors
Authors: Bravo-Chaucanés Claudia Patricia , Chitiva Luis Carlos , Vargas-Casanova Yerly , Diaz-Santoyo Valentina , Hernández Andrea Ximena , Costa Geison M. , Parra-Giraldo Claudia Marcela
Published: November 2023

Plant-derived compounds have proven to be a source of inspiration for new drugs. In this study, piperine isolated from the fruits of Piper nigrum showed anti-Candida activity. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action of piperine and its impact on virulence factors in Candida albicans, which have not been comprehensively understood, were also assessed. Initially, piperine suppressed the hyphal transition in both liquid and solid media, hindered biofilm formation, and resulted in observable cell distortions in scanning electron microscope (SEM) samples, for both fluconazole-sensitive and fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strains. Additionally, the morphogenetic switches triggered by piperine were found to rely on the activity of mutant C. albicans strains. Secondly, piperine treatment increased cell membrane permeability and disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential, as evidenced by propidium iodine and Rhodamine 123 staining, respectively. Moreover, it induced the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species in C. albicans. Synergy was obtained between the piperine and the fluconazole against the fluconazole-sensitive strain. Interestingly, there were no hemolytic effects of piperine, and it resulted in reduced cytotoxicity on fibroblast cells at low concentrations. The results suggest that piperine could have a dual mode of action inhibiting virulence factors and modulating cellular processes, leading to cell death in C. albicans.
Performance Evaluation on the Application of MAST and RCC on a Cambodian Rural Road: A Case Study
Authors: Elipse Carlo , Kim Je Won , Ohm Byung-Sik
Published: November 2023

Cambodia’s transportation sector has exhibited tremendous growth in the past decades together with its economic advancement. However, these improvements are only focused on the national and provincial roads, leaving the rural roads underdeveloped. A large percentage of the rural roads in Cambodia are unpaved while those paved roads are in deteriorated condition, making these rural roads prone to structural failure when subjected to heavy truck traffic and massive rainfall. Therefore, an innovative pavement material shall be used in the construction and rehabilitation of Cambodian rural roads. In this study, a composite pavement testbed consisting of a roller compacted cement (RCC) base layer and a modified double bituminous surface treatment (DBST), namely multi-layered bituminous surface treatment (MAST), was constructed in Cambodia and its performance was evaluated. To have a point of comparison, the testbed was divided into three sections with varying combinations of surface and base layer: (1) MAST surface with an RCC base, (2) MAST surface with an aggregate base, and (3) DBST surface with an aggregate base. Initially, a visual inspection was conducted to investigate the surface condition of the testbed. To assess the structural capacity, a light-falling weight deflectometer device was used. Meanwhile, the surface roughness was evaluated through the sand patch test. Lastly, the pass-by test was performed to quantify the noise level of the pavement. Based on the results, the proposed composite pavement performed significantly superior to the typical pavement in Cambodia, which is the third section. In summary, the composite pavement with MAST as the surface layer and RCC as the base layer was observed to be suitable for heavy truck traffic loading and the environmental conditions of Cambodia.
What Is the Impact of the Energy Class on Market Value Assessments of Residential Buildings? An Analysis throughout Northern Italy Based on Extensive Data Mining and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ruggeri Aurora Greta , Gabrielli Laura , Scarpa Massimiliano , Marella Giuliano
Published: November 2023

Regarding environmental sustainability and market pricing, the energy class is an increasingly more decisive characteristic in the real estate sector. For this reason, a great deal of attention is now devoted to exploring new technologies, energy consumption forecasting tools, intelligent platforms, site management devices, optimised procedures, software, and guidelines. New investments and smart possibilities are currently the object of different research in energy efficiency in building stocks to reach widespread ZEB standards as soon as possible. In this light, this work focuses on analysing 13 cities in Northern Italy to understand the impact of energy class on market values. An extensive data-mining process collects information about 13,093 properties in Lombardia, Piemonte, Emilia Romagna, Friuli Venezia-Giulia, Veneto, and Trentino alto Adige. Then, a feature importance analysis and a machine learning forecasting tool help understand the influence of energy class on market prices today.
Force Transfer Mechanism and Behavior Insights for a Large-Diameter CFST Column to Steel Beam Connection
Authors: Wang Kang , Yin Guanghua , Ma Xinxu , Yan Nannan
Published: November 2023

Concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns with internal ring-plate-reinforced connections are increasingly used in high-rise buildings. However, the behavior and optimal design of such large-scale connections is not well established. This study presents a numerical investigation of the structural performance of a ring-plate-reinforced CFST column to steel beam connection. The paper begins by reviewing a previous experimental study. Subsequently, nonlinear finite element models were developed and validated using the test results. Parametric analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of the ring plate dimensions, friction coefficient, and concrete defects on the load transfer mechanism. The results showed that the ring plate and friction force together effectively transferred the beam load to the concrete core. An optimal ring plate width of 75 mm was identified. Concrete defects significantly reduced the load carrying capacity of the ring plate. The stress distribution in the concrete cross section transitioned from nonuniform to uniform over a length approximately equal to the column diameter. The connection design was found adequate for the prototype structure analyzed. The study provides valuable guidance for improving ring-plate-reinforced connection design in future construction.
The Status of Building Information Modeling Adoption in Slovakia
Authors: Funtík Tomáš , Makýš Peter , Ďubek Marek , Erdélyi Ján , Honti Richard , Cerovšek Tomo
Published: November 2023

Building information modeling (BIM) is a key approach for the digitization of the sector. Therefore, states worldwide put BIM at the center of their construction digitalization strategies. However, strategies vary significantly, and so does BIM implementation and its adoption over time, thus making the comparison between countries considerably challenging. Therefore, the first part of this article provides a comprehensive review of available publications in the field of BIM adoption at the national and international level. BIM adoption in Slovakia is systematically analyzed based on an anonymous online BIM survey that focuses on various areas of BIM. The focus of the BIM survey was on the assessment of the readiness of experts who work with BIM methodology, their maturity, skillsets, and BIM adoption motivation, along with the means of communication and collaboration using Common Data Environment (CDE). Furthermore, we focused on the project management perspective, which covers the existence and compliance with BIM execution plan (BEP) evaluation. In the concluding part, requirements, barriers, and future developments are discussed in detail. The BIM survey provides an insight in the current state of the art of BIM in the industry that allows for a better understanding of its potential and a more informed development and implementation of BIM strategies. This study is an important contribution to BIM and digitalization benchmarking that provides valuable information to digitalization policy makers at the governmental and business levels.