bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator trafficking modulates the barrier function of airway epithelial cell monolayers
Authors: LeSimple Pierre , Liao Jie , Robert Renaud , Gruenert Dieter C. , Hanrahan John W.
Published: February 2010

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an integral membrane glycoprotein which functions as an anion channel and influences diverse cellular processes. We studied its role in the development of epithelial tightness by expressing wild‐type (WT‐CFTR) or mutant (ΔF508‐CFTR) CFTR in human airway epithelial cell monolayers cultured at the air–liquid interface. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐tagged WT or ΔF508 constructs were expressed in the CF bronchial cell line CFBE41o− using adenoviruses, and the results were compared with those obtained using CFBE41o− lines stably complemented with wild‐type or mutant CFTR. As predicted, GFP‐WT‐CFTR reached the apical membrane whereas GFP‐ΔF508‐CFTR was only detected intracellularly. Although CFTR expression would be expected to reduce transepithelial resistance (TER), expressing GFP‐CFTR significantly increased the TER of CFBE41o− monolayers whilst GFP‐ΔF508‐CFTR had no effect. Similar results were obtained with cell lines stably overexpressing ΔF508‐CFTR or WT‐CFTR. Preincubating ΔF508‐CFTR monolayers at 29°C reduced mannitol permeability and restored TER, and the effect on TER was reversible during temperature oscillations. Expression of GFP‐ΔF508‐CFTR or GFP‐WT‐CFTR in a cell line already containing endogenous WT‐CFTR (Calu‐3) did not alter TER. The CFTR‐ and temperature‐dependence of TER were not affected by the CFTR inhibitor CFTRinh172 or low‐chloride medium; therefore the effect of CFTR on barrier function was unrelated to its ion channel activity. Modulation of TER was blunted but not eliminated by genistein, implying the involvement of tyrosine phosphorylation and other mechanisms. Modulation of CFTR trafficking was correlated with an increase in tight junction depth. The results suggest that CFTR trafficking is required for the normal organisation and function of tight junctions. A reduction in barrier function caused by endoplasmic reticulum retention of ΔF508‐CFTR may contribute to fluid hyperabsorption in CF airways.
Explaining Electromagnetic Plane Waves in a Vacuum at the Introductory Level
Authors: Allred Clark L. , Della-Rose Devin J. , Flusche Brian M. , Kiziah Rex R. , Lee David J.
Published: February 2010

A typical introduction to electromagnetic waves in vacuum is illustrated by the following quote from an introductory physics text: “Maxwell's equations predict that an electromagnetic wave consists of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. The changing fields induce each other, which maintains the propagation of the wave; a changing electric field induces a magnetic field, and a changing magnetic field induces an electric field.”1 Students' intuition, developed from repeatedly solving simple problems involving Faraday's law in an introductory physics course, can lead them to expect the electric and magnetic waves to be out of phase, in contradiction to physical reality as described by Maxwell's equations. Below, we present the type of common Faraday's law problem that promotes this cognitive pitfall, and we suggest an approach that we believe leads to a deeper, more correct student understanding of electromagnetic waves.
The Iowa wave machines
Authors: Daffron John D. , Greenslade Thomas B. , Stille Dale
Published: February 2010

Wave machines are a staple of demonstration lectures, and a good pair of wave machines can make the idea of transverse and longitudinal waves clearly evident to students. The demonstration apparatus collection of the University of Iowa contains examples of transverse and longitudinal wave machines that will be of interest to readers of The Physics Teacher. These machines probably date from about 1925 and may have been locally produced. You too can build them.
Arabidopsis
Jasmonate Signaling Pathway
Authors: Gfeller Aurélie , Liechti Robin , Farmer Edward E.
Published: February 2010

Jasmonates regulate various aspects of physiology and development in
Arabidopsis thaliana
.
Limiting mTOR to Properly Limit Neurons
Authors: Gough Nancy R.
Published: February 2010

Excessive mTOR activity impairs ephrin-mediated growth cone collapse.
Genetic Polymorphisms: A Cornerstone of Translational Biobehavioral Research
Authors: Hariri Ahmad R.
Published: February 2010

A new generation of interdisciplinary research seeks to use common functional genetic polymorphisms to model variability in brain chemistry that regulates behaviorally relevant brain structures and their functions.
Methylation Balancing Act
Authors: Ahmad Shama
Published: February 2010

Modulators of DNA methylation play a key role in the self-renewal of mammalian tissues.
Blunted Memories: Time for Decaf?
Authors: Minzenberg Michael J.
Published: February 2010

A new study suggests that adenosine receptor agents such as caffeine may enhance the effects of cannabis on neural signaling.
pfmdr1
Amplification and Fixation of
pfcrt
Chloroquine Resistance Alleles in
Plasmodium falciparum
in Venezuela
Authors: Griffing Sean , Syphard Luke , Sridaran Sankar , McCollum Andrea M. , Mixson-Hayden Tonya , Vinayak Sumiti , Villegas Leopoldo , Barnwell John W. , Escalante Ananias A. , Udhayakumar Venkatachalam
Published: February 2010

Molecular tools are valuable for determining evolutionary history and the prevalence of drug-resistant malaria parasites. These tools have helped to predict decreased sensitivity to antimalarials and fixation of multidrug resistance genotypes in some regions. In order to assess how historical drug policies impacted
Plasmodium falciparum
in Venezuela, we examined molecular changes in genes associated with drug resistance. We examined
pfmdr1
and
pfcrt
in samples from Sifontes, Venezuela, and integrated our findings with earlier work describing
dhfr
and
dhps
in these samples. We characterized
pfmdr1
genotypes and copy number variation,
pfcrt
genotypes, and proximal microsatellites in 93 samples originating from surveillance from 2003 to 2004. Multicopy
pfmdr1
was found in 12% of the samples. Two
pfmdr1
alleles, Y184
F
/N1042
D
/D1246
Y
(37%) and Y184
F
/S1034
C
/N1042
D
/D1246
Y
(63%), were found. These alleles share ancestry, and no evidence of strong selective pressure on mutations was found.
pfcrt
chloroquine resistance alleles are fixed with two alleles:
S
tct
VMN
T
(91%) and
S
agt
VMN
T
(9%). These alleles are associated with strong selection. There was also an association between
pfcrt
,
pfmdr1
,
dhfr
, and
dhps
genotypes/haplotypes. Duplication of
pfmdr1
suggests a potential shift in mefloquine sensitivity in this region, which warrants further study. A bottleneck occurred in
P. falciparum
in Sifontes, Venezuela, and multidrug resistance genotypes are present. This population could be targeted for malaria elimination programs to prevent the possible spread of multidrug-resistant parasites.
Cutaneous Model of Invasive Aspergillosis
Authors: Ben-Ami Ronen , Lewis Russell E. , Leventakos Konstantinos , Latgé Jean-Paul , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P.
Published: February 2010

Cutaneous models have proven useful in studies of the pathogenesis and treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections. Because cutaneous invasive aspergillosis (IA) occurs in the clinical setting, we sought to develop a nonlethal murine cutaneous model of IA. We induced cutaneous IA in cyclophosphamide-treated nude BALB/c mice by subcutaneous injection of
Aspergillus fumigatus
conidia. Skin lesion areas correlated well with tissue fungal burdens, allowing dynamic visual monitoring of cutaneous infections. The cutaneous model accurately reflected alterations in
A. fumigatus
pathogenicity resulting from deletions of recognized virulence genes (
pabaA
,
sidA
, and
pksP
). Moreover, analysis of the roles of conidial and mycelial catalases revealed that the former is required for the initiation of cutaneous aspergillosis, whereas the latter contributes to its propagation. Finally, posaconazole treatment reduced skin lesion areas relative to those of untreated and fluconazole-treated controls. This novel cutaneous model system should be applicable to comparative studies of the pathogenesis, treatment, and tissue specificity of IA.
In Vitro
Fungicidal Activities of Echinocandins against
Candida metapsilosis
,
C. orthopsilosis
, and
C. parapsilosis
Evaluated by Time-Kill Studies
Authors: Cantón Emilia , Espinel-Ingroff Ana , Pemán Javier , del Castillo Lucas
Published: February 2010

Anidulafungin, micafungin, and caspofungin
in vitro
activities against
Candida metapsilosis
,
C. orthopsilosis
, and
C. parapsilosis
were evaluated by MICs and time-kill methods. All echinocandins showed lower MICs (mean MICs, 0.05 to 0.71 mg/liter) and the highest killing rates (−0.06 to −0.05 CFU/ml/h) for
C. metapsilosis
and
C. orthopsilosis
rather than for
C. parapsilosis
(mean MICs, 0.59 to 1.68 mg/liter). Micafungin and anidulafungin killing rates were greater than those determined for caspofungin. None of the echinocandins had fungicidal activity against
C. parapsilosis
.
PER-6, an Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase from
Aeromonas allosaccharophila
Authors: Girlich Delphine , Poirel Laurent , Nordmann Patrice
Published: February 2010

An
Aeromonas allosaccharophila
environmental isolate recovered from the Seine River (Paris, France) produced a novel extended-spectrum β-lactamase, PER-6, that shared 92% amino acid identity with the closest ß-lactamase, PER-2. The kinetic properties of PER-6 showed a slightly increased affinity for carbapenems. The
bla
PER-6
gene was chromosomally located and bracketed by non-transposon-related structures.
Inflammatory Monocytes but Not Neutrophils Are Necessary To Control Infection withToxoplasma gondiiin Mice
Authors: Dunay Ildiko R. , Fuchs Anja , Sibley L. David
Published: February 2010

Previous studies have suggested that both inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils are important for controlling acute toxoplasmosis in the mouse model. To test the role of these cell types, we used monoclonal antibody (MAb) RB6-8C5 to deplete both subsets of cells or MAb 1A8 to selectively remove neutrophils. RB6-8C5 MAb-treated mice succumbed to oral infection withToxoplasma gondii, similar to Ccr2−/−mice, which are deficient in monocyte recruitment but have normal neutrophils. In contrast, mice treated with MAb 1A8 controlled parasite replication and survived acute infection. Ccr2−/−mice suffered from acute ileitis and inflammation in the spleen that was associated with a lack of inflammatory monocytes and elevated numbers of neutrophils. RB6-8C5 MAb-treated C57BL/6 mice also suffered from intestinal pathology and splenic damage, although this was less extensive due to the reduced numbers of neutrophils. Neutrophil-depleted infected wild-type mice displayed no pathological changes, compared to untreated infected controls. Collectively, these observations demonstrate the critical role of inflammatory monocytes during the acute infection with the parasiteT. gondiiand reveal that neutrophils are not protective but rather contribute to the pathology.
Molecular Cloning, Biochemical Characterization, and Partial Protective Immunity of the Heme-Binding GlutathioneS-Transferases from the Human HookwormNecator americanus
Authors: Zhan Bin , Perally Samirah , Brophy Peter M. , Xue Jian , Goud Gaddam , Liu Sen , Deumic Vehid , de Oliveira Luciana M. , Bethony Jeffrey , Bottazzi Maria Elena , Jiang Desheng , Gillespie Portia , Xiao Shu-hua , Gupta Richi , Loukas Alex , Ranjit Najju , Lustigman Sara , Oksov Yelena , Hotez Peter
Published: February 2010

Hookworm glutathioneS-transferases (GSTs) are critical for parasite blood feeding and survival and represent potential targets for vaccination. Three cDNAs, each encoding a full-length GST protein from the human hookwormNecator americanus(and designatedNa-GST-1,Na-GST-2, andNa-GST-3, respectively) were isolated from cDNA based on their sequence similarity toAc-GST-1, a GST from the dog hookwormAncylostoma caninum. The open reading frames of the threeN. americanusGSTs each contain 206 amino acids with 51% to 69% sequence identity between each other andAc-GST-1. Sequence alignment with GSTs from other organisms shows that the threeNa-GSTs belong to a nematode-specific nu-class GST family. All threeNa-GSTs, when expressed inPichia pastoris, exhibited low lipid peroxidase and glutathione-conjugating enzymatic activities but high heme-binding capacities, and they may be involved in the detoxification and/or transport of heme. In two separate vaccine trials, recombinantNa-GST-1 formulated with Alhydrogel elicited 32 and 39% reductions in adult hookworm burdens (P< 0.05) followingN. americanuslarval challenge relative to the results for a group immunized with Alhydrogel alone. In contrast, no protection was observed in vaccine trials withNa-GST-2 orNa-GST-3. On the basis of these and other preclinical data,Na-GST-1 is under possible consideration for further vaccine development.
Functional Characterization of an Extended Binding Component of the Actin-ADP-Ribosylating C2 Toxin Detected in
Clostridium botulinum
Strain (C) 2300
Authors: Sterthoff Charlott , Lang Alexander E. , Schwan Carsten , Tauch Andreas , Aktories Klaus
Published: February 2010

Clostridium botulinum
C2 toxin consists of the binding component C2II and the enzyme component C2I, which ADP-ribosylates G-actin of eukaryotic cells. Trypsin-activated C2II (C2IIa) forms heptamers that mediate cell binding and translocation of C2I from acidic endosomes into the cytosol of target cells. By genome sequencing of
C. botulinum
strain (C) 2300, we found that C2II from this strain carries a C-terminal extension of 129 amino acids, unlike its homologous counterparts from strains (C) 203U28, (C) 468, and (D) 1873. This extension shows a high similarity to the C-terminal receptor-binding domain of C2II and is presumably the result of a duplication of this domain. The C2II extension facilitates the binding to cell surface receptors, which leads to an increased intoxication efficiency compared to that of C2II proteins from other
C. botulinum
strains.
The K5 Capsule of
Escherichia coli
Strain Nissle 1917 Is Important in Stimulating Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 5, CD14, MyD88, and TRIF Together with the Induction of Interleukin-8 Expression via the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Epithelial Cells
Authors: Hafez Mohamed , Hayes Kelly , Goldrick Marie , Grencis Richard K. , Roberts Ian S.
Published: February 2010

Escherichia coli
strain Nissle 1917, which has been widely used as a probiotic for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disorders, expresses a K5 capsule, the expression of which is often associated with extraintestinal and urinary tract isolates of
E. coli
. Previously, it had been shown that the expression of a K5 capsule by Nissle 1917 was important in mediating interactions with epithelial cells and the extent of chemokine expression. In this paper, we show that infection with Nissle 1917 induces expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR5 in Caco-2 cells and that maximal induction of TLR5 required the K5 capsule. In addition, purified K5 polysaccharide was capable of inducing expression of TLR5 and mCD14 and potentiated the activity of both TLR4 and TLR5 agonists to increase the proinflammatory response. Infection with Nissle 1917 also increased the expression of the adaptor molecules MyD88 and TRIF, which was K5 capsule dependent. By Western blot analysis, it was possible to show that induction of interleukin-8 by Nissle 1917 was predominantly through the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway and that expression of the K5 capsule was important for activation of the MAP kinase pathway. This paper provides new information on the function of the K5 capsule in mediating interactions between Nissle 1917 and epithelial cells and the mechanisms that underlie the probiotic properties of Nissle 1917.
Structure, properties and comparison of C,N-chelated and amido-stabilized plumbylenes
Authors: Bareš Josef , Šourek Vítězslav , Padělková Zdeňka , Meunier Philippe , Pirio Nadine , Císařová Ivana , Růžička Aleš , Holeček Jaroslav
Published: February 2010

The molecular structure of {2-[(CH3)2NCH2]C6H4}2Pb (1) in the solid state was determined by X-ray diffraction techniques on a single crystalline material. Bulky amido ligand stabilized complexes [(i-C3H7)2C6H3]NHLi (2) and [(i-C3H7)2C6H3N(Me3Si)]2Pb (3) were synthesized and characterized both in the solid state and solution by 1H, 13C, 15N and 207Pb NMR and XRD techniques. The structure of both C,N-chelated and bulky amido plumbylenes is compared.
A molecular simulation study of adsorption of nitrogen and methane in titanium silicate (ETS-4)
Authors: Siperstein Flor R. , Lísal Martin , Brennan John K.
Published: February 2010

Adsorption isotherms of methane and nitrogen in porous titanium silicate ETS-4 (Engelhard titanium silicate) are calculated using grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. Self-diffusion coefficients are determined using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Properties for pure gases were determined for two of the ideal ETS-4 polymorphs (ABAB-AA and ABAB-AC) dehydrated at different temperatures (423 and 573 K), taking into account only the framework atoms of the structure and ignoring the non-framework cations and water molecules. It was observed that equilibrium properties are slightly dependent on the structure selected for idealized polymorphs. However, it is not sufficient to explain the differences in adsorption capacity observed experimentally, which can only be explained with the combination of two polymorphs. In polymorphs with straight channels, self-diffusion in the direction of the main channel is two orders of magnitude larger than through the small rings that connect the main channels with some small cages. The trends observed in the self-diffusion coefficient with loading confirmed that crossing an eight-membered ring is an activated process.
Synthesis and redox properties of a phosphine-subsituted para-dioxolene and its bimetallic palladium complex
Authors: Caldwell Sharon L , Gilroy Joe B , Jain Rajsapan , Crawford Evan , Patrick Brian O , Hicks Robin G
Published: February 2010

Oxidation of 2,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,4-hydroquinone (8) with iodobenzene diacetate produces the corresponding bis(phosphine) substituted benzoquinone (9), the first phosphine-substitued quinone. Cyclic voltammetry studies reveal that the redox functionality of the quinone unit in 9 is retained, and the reduction potentials render this compound slightly more easily reduced than the parent p-benzoquinone. Reaction of the precursor hydroquinone 8 with Pd(hfac)2 affords a binuclear complex 10 with the hydroquinonate ligand bridging two Pd(hfac) substrates. The redox activity of the bridging dioxolene ligand is retained in complex 10, although there are significant changes in the redox potentials relative to those of the free quinone 9. Chemical oxidation of 10 with AgPF6 yields a persistent cationic complex 11, which, based on EPR and electronic spectroscopy, can be formulated as containing a bridging semiquinone ligand.Key words: p-quinones, phosphines, bridging ligands, redox properties.
Sectroscopic study of stability and molecular species of 12-tungstophosphoric acid in aqueous solution
Authors: Holclajtner-Antunović Ivanka , Bajuk-Bogdanović Danica , Todorović Marija , Mioč Ubavka B , Zakrzewska Joanna , Uskoković-Marković Snežana
Published: February 2010

The various molecular species of 12-tungstophosporic acid (WPA) in aqueous solutions of different pH values (from 1 to 11.5) were investigated by UV, IR, and NMR spectroscopy. The dependence of the attained equilibrium composition in solution on time, concentration of WPA, and type of buffer used was studied. Obtained results indicate that the buffer type and pH value greatly determine the equilibrium composition in the solution. The Keggin structure of the WPA is sustained only up to pH 1.5. With further increase in pH, the decomposition of Keggin anion does not lead directly to the monovacant lacunary anion. Between 1.5 and 2.0, the structures with 2 phosphorus atoms from the Dawson series are dominant as intermediate species. In the pH range 3.5–7.5, WPA is present in the form of the monovacant lacunary Keggin anion. These results are of special importance for the biomedical and catalytic applications of heteropoly compounds (HPCs) and for an improved understanding of the mechanism of their functioning.Key words: heteropolyacids of the Keggin structure, hydrostability, UV, IR and NMR spectroscopy.
THREE-FOLD DIVISORIAL EXTREMAL NEIGHBORHOODS OVER cE7 AND c6 COMPOUND DUVAL SINGULARITIES
Authors: TZIOLAS N.
Published: February 2010

Let P ∈ Γ ⊂ X be the germ of a Gorenstein three-fold singularity and Γ a smooth curve through it such that the general hyperplane section S of X containing Γ is DuVal of type E6 or E7. In this paper we obtain criteria for the existence of a terminal divisorial extremal neighborhood [Formula: see text] contracting an irreducible divisor E onto Γ and classify all such neighborhoods.
STABLE SHEAVES OVER K3 FIBRATIONS
Authors: ANDREAS B. , RUIPÉREZ D. HERNÁNDEZ , GÓMEZ D. SÁNCHEZ
Published: February 2010

We construct stable sheaves over K3 fibrations using a relative Fourier-Mukai transform which describes the sheaves in terms of spectral data similar to the construction for elliptic fibrations. On K3 fibered Calabi–Yau threefolds we show that the Fourier-Mukai transform induces an embedding of the relative Jacobian of spectral line bundles on spectral covers into the moduli space of sheaves of given invariants. This makes the moduli space of spectral sheaves a generic torus fibration over the moduli space of curves of the given arithmetic genus on the Calabi–Yau manifold.
KAZHDAN'S PROPERTY T FOR DISCRETE QUANTUM GROUPS
Authors: FIMA PIERRE
Published: February 2010

We give a simple definition of property T for discrete quantum groups, and prove the basic expected properties: discrete quantum groups with property T are finitely generated and unimodular. Moreover we show that, for "I.C.C." discrete quantum groups, property T is equivalent to Connes' property T for the dual von Neumann algebra. This allows us to give the first example of a property T discrete quantum group which is not a group using the twisting construction.
COMMUTING SQUARE SUBFACTORS AND CENTRAL SEQUENCES
Authors: BURSTEIN RICHARD D.
Published: February 2010

Let M0⊂ M1be a finite index infinite depth hyperfinite II1subfactor and ω a free ultrafilter of the natural numbers. We show that if this subfactor is constructed from a commuting square then the central sequence inclusion [Formula: see text] has infinite Pimsner–Popa index. We will also demonstrate this result for certain infinite depth hyperfinite subfactors coming from groups.
LARGE EXTRA DIMENSIONS: BECOMING ACQUAINTED WITH AN ALTERNATIVE PARADIGM
Authors: SHIFMAN M.
Published: February 2010

This is a colloquium style pedagogical introduction to the paradigm of large extra dimensions. This talk was delivered at various universities including UCLA (1999), Technion (2000), DESY (2001), University of Pisa (2001), UBC (2002), NYU (2002), University of Nantes (2003), Bern University (2003), Max-Planck Institute/Munich University (2003), University of Padova (2003), University of Minnesota (2005).
NON-ABELIAN VORTICES: RESULTS IN NEW DIRECTIONS
Authors: KONISHI K.
Published: February 2010

Two new results on non-Abelian vortices are illustrated. In the first part we discuss the construction of non-Abelian vortices in theories with general gauge groups. The second part is dedicated to the fractional vortices and lumps, which occur in a wide variety of Abelian and non-Abelian generalizations of the Higgs model.
K-VORTEX DYNAMICS IN $\mathcal{N}\, = \,1^*$ THEORY AND IN ITS GRAVITY DUAL
Authors: AUZZI R.
Published: February 2010

We study magnetic flux tubes in the Higgs vacuum of the [Formula: see text] mass deformation of SU(Nc), [Formula: see text] SYM and its large Nc string dual, the Polchinski-Strassler geometry. Choosing equal masses for the three adjoint chiral multiplets, for all Nc we identify a "colour-flavour locked" symmetry, SO(3)C+F which leaves the Higgs vacuum invariant. At weak coupling, we find explicit non-Abelian k-vortex solutions carrying a ℤNc-valued magnetic flux, with topological winding 0 < k < Nc. These k-strings spontaneously break SO(3)C+F to U(1)C+F resulting in an S2 moduli space of solutions. The world-sheet sigma model is a nonsupersymmetric ℂℙ1 model with a theta angle θ1+1 = k(Nc - k)θ3+1 where θ3+1 is the Yang-Mills vacuum angle. We find numerically that k-vortex tensions follow the Casimir scaling law Tk ∝ k(Nc - k) for large Nc. In the large Nc IIB string dual, the SO(3)C+F symmetry is manifest in the geometry interpolating between AdS5 × S5 and the interior metric due to a single D5 -brane carrying D3 -brane charge. We identify candidate k-vortices as expanded probe D3 -branes formed from a collection of k D -strings. The resulting k-vortex tension exhibits precise Casimir scaling, and the effective world-sheet theta angle matches the semiclassical result. S -duality maps the Higgs to the confining phase so that confining string tensions at strong 't Hooft coupling also exhibit Casimir scaling in [Formula: see text] theory in the large Nc limit.
THE MANY FACES OF THE HETEROTIC VORTEX
Authors: BOLOGNESI S.
Published: February 2010

We address the problem of non-Abelian super-QCD, with a Fayet-Iliopoulos term, as seen from the vortex worldsheet perspective. Together with the FI term ξ, also a mass µ for the adjoint superfield Φ enters into the game. This mass allows the interpolation between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] super-QCD. We distinguish, inside the parameter space spanned by ξ and µ, four different corners where some quantitative statements can be made. We focus on two questions: 1) Is the quantum vortex BPS or non-BPS? 2) What is the phase of the internal non-Abelian moduli? We find that the answer to these questions depends upon the choice of the linear term in the superpotential.

We then address the problem of multiple non-Abelian vortices, in the presence of the [Formula: see text] deformation. We show that the tension of the "Abelian" vortex is not affected by the heterotic deformation, and in particular it remains BPS-saturated when µ is also switched on.
RECENT PROGRESS IN AdS/CFT
Authors: SCHWARZ JOHN H.
Published: February 2010

The study of AdS/CFT (or gauge/gravity) duality has been one of the most active and illuminating areas of research in string theory over the past decade. The scope of its relevance and the insights it is providing seem to be ever expanding. In this talk I briefly describe some of the attempts to explore how the duality works for maximally supersymmetric systems.
SURPRISING SYMMETRY OF SCATTERING AMPLITUDES IN GAUGE THEORIES
Authors: KORCHEMSKY G. P.
Published: February 2010

I review a recent progress in computing scattering amplitudes in strongly coupled gauge theories - a fascinating subject which has been recently boosted by the formulation of the gauge/string duality in maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. In addition to the conventional symmetry of the underlying Lagrangian, the scattering amplitudes in this theory exhibit a new, dual superconformal symmetry. This symmetry is powerful enough to completely determine the scattering amplitudes for arbitrary coupling in a suitably defined limit.
STILL IN LIGHT-CONE SUPERSPACE
Authors: RAMOND P.
Published: February 2010

The recently formulated Bagger-Lambert-Gustavsson (BLG) theory in three dimensions is described in terms of a constrained chiral superfield in light-cone superspace. We discuss the use of Superconformal symmetry to determine the form of its interactions, in complete analogy with N = 4 SuperYang-Mills in four dimensions.
HOLOGRAPHY AND THE SPEED OF SOUND
Authors: HOHLER PAUL M. , STEPHANOV MIKHAIL A.
Published: February 2010

We study the approach of the speed of sound towards the value [Formula: see text] at high temperatures in a general class of strongly interacting theories. This class includes theories holographically dual to a theory of gravity coupled to a single scalar field, representing the operator of the scale anomaly. We show that quite universally the conformal value [Formula: see text] is approached from below and give a generic argument for why this has to be so.
CONFINING GAUGE FIELDS
Authors: LENZ FRIEDER
Published: February 2010

By superposition of regular gauge instantons or merons, ensembles of gauge fields are constructed which describe the confining phase of SU (2) Yang-Mills theory. Various properties of the Wilson loops, the gluon condensate and the topological susceptibility are found to be in qualitative agreement with phenomenology or results of lattice calculations. Limitations in the application to the glueball spectrum and small size Wilson loops are discussed.
HADRONIC FORM FACTORS: COMBINING QCD CALCULATIONS WITH ANALYTICITY
Authors: KHODJAMIRIAN A.
Published: February 2010

I discuss recent applications of QCD light-cone sum rules to various form factors of pseudoscalar mesons. In this approach both soft and hard contributions to the form factors are taken into account. Combining QCD calculation with the analyticity of the form factors, one enlarges the region of accessible momentum transfers.
EXOTIC SUPERFLUIDITY IN COLD ATOMS
Authors: GUBANKOVA ELENA
Published: February 2010

We derived the low energy effective action for the collective modes in asymmetric fermionic systems with attractive interaction. We obtained the phase diagram in terms of the chemical potentials. It features a stable gapless superfluidity with one Fermi surface on the BEC side of the resonance. Also we predict a sharp increase in outer core of a vortex, i.e. vortex size, upon entering into the gapless phase. This may serve as a signature of a gapless phase.
FEEDBACK CONTROL OF THE LIU CHAOTIC DYNAMICAL SYSTEM
Authors: WANG XINGYUAN , LI XINGUANG
Published: February 2010

Classical feedback method is used to control chaos in the Liu dynamical system. Based on the Routh–Hurwitz criteria, the conditions of the asymptotic stability of the steady states of the controlled Liu system are discussed, and they are also proved theoretically. Numerical simulations show that the method can suppress chaos to both unstable equilibrium points and unstable periodic orbits (limit cycles) successfully.
STRAIN GRADIENT POLYCRYSTAL PLASTICITY ANALYSIS: FE MODELING AND SYNCHROTRON X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Authors: SONG XU , ZHANG SHU YAN , KORSUNSKY ALEXANDER M.
Published: February 2010

The results of a strain gradient finite element model of polycrystalline plastic deformation in an HCP alloy were analysed in terms of orientation-related meso-scale grain groups. The predictions for meso-scale elastic strains were post-processed to construct energy dispersive diffraction peak patterns. Synchrotron X-ray polycrystalline diffraction was thereafter employed to record experimentally multiple peaks from deformed samples of Ti -6 Al -4 V alloy. Model parameters were adjusted to provide the best simultaneous match to multiple peaks in terms of intensity, position and shape. The framework provides a rigorous means of validating polycrystal plasticity finite element model. The study represents an example of the parallel development of modelling and experimental tools that is useful for the study of statistically stored dislocations (SSDs) and geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) effects on the deformation behaviour of (poly)crystals.
CROSS-SECTIONAL TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF DEFORMED MICROSTRUCTURES IN MONOLITHIC AND MULTILAYER TiSiN/TiN FILMS
Authors: WO P. C. , MUNROE P. R. , ZHOU Z. F. , XIE Z. H. , LI K. Y.
Published: February 2010

The deformation microstructures generated by nanoindentation of multilayer coatings consisting of TiSiN layers alternating with ten TiN interlayers, were examined by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). Two multilayered coatings were studied: a thin TiSiN coating interlayered with thick TiN interlayer and a thick TiSiN coating alternated with thin TiN layers. A monolithic TiSiN coating was also examined for comparison. Surface morphology of the samples was found to be variable. Both surface roughness and coating hardness increase with the thickness of the outermost TiSiN layer. All samples show columnar structures, and for the multilayer coatings, epitaxial growth of these columnar grains through the TiSiN / TiN multilayers was observed. Stair-shaped shear cracks can be seen in the multilayer coating alternated with thick TiN interlayers, whereas radial and edge cracks are observed in the coating multilayered with thin TiN layers and in the monolithic coating. TEM analysis also suggests that columnar grains help to resist the initiation of edge cracks. Compared to other studies on similar coating systems with fewer periods of interlayers, the deformation observed here appears less severe, indicating an improvement in the strength of the coating through increasing the number of interlayers.
THERMAL STABILITY OF HELIUM BUBBLES IN NANOCRYATALLINE GOLD PREPARED BY GAS DEPOSITION METHOD
Authors: INANMI TAKASHI , KOBIYAMA MAMORU , MAETA HIROSHI , SASASE MASATO , ISHIKAWA NORITO , SUGAI HIROYUKI , KATO TERUO
Published: February 2010

Specimens of nanocrystalline pure gold were prepared by the gas deposition method. The formation of helium bubbles in the specimens and their annealing behavior were studied in order to confirm their effect on thermal stabilities of grain size and mechanical properties. The specimens with 10-25nm mean grain size were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. Spherical helium bubbles, about 5nm in diameter, were formed, the same as in the case of helium ion implantation. After annealing at 573K for 1h in vacuum, most of the bubbles had not disappeared and some were trapped at the grain boundaries. Larger numbers of bubbles were trapped at grain boundaries in the specimens with high thermal stability than for low thermal stability specimens. Helium bubbles trapped at grain boundaries can be considered as local barriers to grain growth and to contribute to thermal stability of mechanical properties.
MICROSTRUCTURAL HEALING WITH INTERFACIAL REACTION LAYERS ON THE ADHESIVE STRENGTH ENHANCEMENT OF PLASMA-SPRAYED HYDROXYAPATITE COATINGS
Authors: YANG CHUNG-WEI , LUI TRUAN-SHENG
Published: February 2010

The effect of hydrothermal crystallization and adding reinforced intermediate layers on improving the tensile adhesion of plasma-sprayed HA coatings (HAC) was investigated. The experimental results show that the index of crystallinity (IOC) and phase purity of hydrothermally-treated HAC (HT-HAC) are increased by the low-temperature hydrothermal treatment. The microstructural healing effect with nano-size HA crystallites is significant to diminish the defects and prevent mechanical strength degradation for the HT-HAC. XPS analysis demonstrates that hydrothermal crystallization helps to promote the interfacial Ti – OH chemical reaction. HA composite coatings with CP - Ti and ZrO2intermediate layers provide another strengthening effect compared with the hydrothermal-heating method. The inter-diffusion of Ca results in a chemical bonding at the HA / ZrO2interface, which results in the increase of the adhesive strength of composite coatings. The fracture behavior is different between the crystallization-induced HAC and the composite coatings. The HT-HAC remains on the substrate with an evident cohesive failure. The adhesive failure occurred at HA /intermediate layers for composite coatings. Failures with less percentage area of interfacial fracture are indicative of a higher strength of a coating.
WEAR BEHAVIOR OFNITITHIN FILM AT MICRO-SCALE
Authors: NG K. L. , SUN Q. P. , TOMOZAWA M. , MIYAZAK S.
Published: February 2010

This paper reports experimental study on the hardness and wear behavior of NiTi Thin Film Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) at micrometer scales. A triboindenter (Hysitron Inc., Minneapolis, USA) was used to conduct a series of indentations under various loads (the corresponding maximum indentation depth from 18.52nm to 333.53nm) and wear by scanning scratch method at temperatures from 25°C to 120°C. It was found that with increasing temperature, the hardness of NiTi thin film increased while its wear resistance decreased. The observed anomalous variation of wear resistance with hardness value is further analyzed by the interplay of phase transition and plasticity.
INTERSECTANT MICROSTRUCTURE OF HYDROXYAPATITE SHEETS OF SHANKBONE
Authors: CHEN B. , LUO J. , WANG J. G. , YUAN Q. , FAN J. H.
Published: February 2010

Bone possesses excellent mechanical properties, which are closely related to its favorable microstructures optimized by nature through millions of years. In this work, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the microstructures of a shankbone. It showed that the bone is a kind of bioceramic composite consisting of hydroxyapatite layers and collagen protein matrix. The hydroxyapatite layers are further composed of long and thin hydroxyapatite sheets. The hydroxyapatite sheets in different hydroxyapatite layers distribute along different orientations, which composes a kind of intersectant microstructure. The maximum pullout force of the intersectant microstructure was investigated and compared with that of 0° microstructure with their representative models. The result indicated that the maximum pullout force of the intersectant microstructure is markedly larger than that of the 0° microstructure, which was experimentally verified.
PSEUDO-STEADY INDENTATION CREEP
Authors: TAKAGI HIDENARI , DAO MING , FUJIWARA MASAMI
Published: February 2010

Theoretical analysis and computational modeling have been performed to carry out constant-indentation strain rate tests. Results show that both the indentation pressure and indentation strain rate become constant after a lapse of loading time. Moreover, the finite element simulation reveals that the contour-line patterns of equivalent stress and equivalent plastic stain rate underneath a conical indenter evolve with geometrical self-similarity corresponding to indenter displacement. This finding confirms that pseudo-steady indentation creep occurs in the region beneath the indenter. We define representative points in the underlying material as those with equivalent stress equal to the indentation pressure divided by a constraint coefficient of 3. During the pseudo-steady indentation creep of a power-law material, the equivalent plastic strain rate at these points is proportional to the indentation strain rate for compatibility. These results point out that a constitutive equation for the tensile creep of a power-law material can be predicted by constant-indentation strain rate tests.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION OF DEFORMATION FIELDS UNDERNEATH VICKERS INDENTER: EFFECTS OF POWER-LAW PLASTICITY
Authors: CHOLLACOOP NUWONG , RAMAMURTY UPADRASTA
Published: February 2010

The effects of power-law plasticity (yield strength and strain hardening exponent) on the plastic strain distribution underneath a Vickers indenter was systematically investigated by recourse to three-dimensional finite element analysis, motivated by the experimental macro- and micro-indentation on heat-treated Al - Zn - Mg alloy. For meaningful comparison between simulated and experimental results, the experimental heat treatment was carefully designed such that Al alloy achieve similar yield strength with different strain hardening exponent, and vice versa. On the other hand, full 3D simulation of Vickers indentation was conducted to capture subsurface strain distribution. Subtle differences and similarities were discussed based on the strain field shape, size and magnitude for the isolated effect of yield strength and strain hardening exponent.
MEASUREMENT OF THE HARDNESS OF ULTRA-THIN FILMS BY THE FIRST DERIVATIVE OF LOAD-DISPLACEMENT CURVE FROM NANOINDENTATION DATA
Authors: KUMAR AMIT , ZENG KAIYANG
Published: February 2010

The commonly-used nanoindentation experiments for measuring hardness of thin films may not give the accurate results when the thickness of the film is in the range of few hundred nanometers or less due to the unavoidable substrate effects. The available analysis methods usually work well when the indentation depth is less than one tenth of the total thickness of the film; otherwise, it is very difficult to determine the film-only properties without substrate effects. This work proposes an alternative analysis to measure the hardness of ultra-thin film from nanoindentation data. This method is tested for numbers of bulk materials and the results agreed well with literature reported values; the method is then applied to thin films. It is found that this analysis can give very accurate results for different kind of film-substrate systems such as soft-films on hard-substrate and hard-film on soft-substrate. As the proposed method is based on the measurement of hardness at each indentation step therefore, it is also capable to show at what indentation depth the substrate starts affecting the indentation-measured hardness values.
THE STANDARD "STATIC" SPHERICALLY SYMMETRIC ANSATZ WITH PERFECT FLUID SOURCE REVISITED
Authors: SEMİZ İBRAHİM
Published: February 2010

Considering the standard "static" spherically symmetric ansatz ds2 = −B(r) dt2 + A(r) dr2 + r2 dΩ2 for Einstein's equations with perfect fluid source, we ask how we can interpret solutions where A(r)andB(r) are not positive, as they must be for the static matter source interpretation to be valid.

Noting that the requirement of Lorentzian signature implies A(r) B(r) > 0, we find two possible interpretations:

(i) The nonzero component of the source four-velocity does not have to be u0. This provides a connection from the above ansatz to the Kantowski–Sachs (KS) space–times.

(ii) Regions with negative A(r) and B(r) of "static" solutions in the literature must be interpreted corresponding to the tachyonic source.

The combinations of source type and four-velocity direction result in four possible cases. One is the standard case, one is identical to the KS case, and two are tachyonic. The dynamic tachyonic case was anticipated in the literature, but the static tachyonic case seems to be new. We derive Oppenheimer–Volkoff-like equations for each case, and find some simple solutions. We conclude that new "simple" black hole solutions of the above form, supported by a perfect fluid, do not exist.
RELATIVISTIC LANDAU–AHARONOV–CASHER QUANTIZATION IN TOPOLOGICAL DEFECT SPACE–TIME
Authors: BAKKE K. , FURTADO C.
Published: February 2010

In this paper we study the Landau levels arising within the relativistic dynamics of a neutral particle which possesses a permanent magnetic dipole moment interacting with an external electric field in the curved space–time background with the presence of a torsion field. We use the Aharonov–Casher effect to couple this neutral particle with the electric field in this curved background. The eigenfunction and eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian are obtained. We show that the presence of the topological defect breaks the infinite degeneracy of the relativistic Landau levels arising in this system. We study the nonrelativistic limit of the eigenvalues and compare these results with cases studied earlier.
THE ROTATION AND TRANSLATION OF CYLINDERS IN GENERAL RELATIVITY
Authors: GRIFFITHS J. B. , SANTOS N. O.
Published: February 2010

In general relativity, the gravitational field of an infinite rotating cylinder is globally (but not locally) different from that of a static cylinder. It is shown here that, for an infinite rigidly translating (non-rotating) cylinder of perfect fluid with a regular axis, there exists a (translating) frame of reference relative to which the gravitational field is static.
INTERACTING MODEL OF NEW AGEGRAPHIC DARK ENERGY: COSMOLOGICAL EVOLUTION AND STATEFINDER DIAGNOSTIC
Authors: ZHANG LI , CUI JINGLEI , ZHANG JINGFEI , ZHANG XIN
Published: February 2010

The statefinder diagnostic is a useful method for distinguishing different dark energy models. In this paper, we investigate the new agegraphic dark energy model with interaction between dark energy and matter component by using statefinder parameter pair {r, s} and study its cosmological evolution. We plot the trajectories of the new agegraphic dark energy model for different interaction cases in the statefinder plane. As a result, the influence of the interaction on the evolution of the universe is shown in the statefinder diagrams.
SOME PROPERTIES OF 6-FIGURES AND CROSS-RATIOS IN SOME MOUFANG–KLINGENBERG PLANES
Authors: CELIK NISA , CIFTCI SÜLEYMAN , AKPINAR ATILLA
Published: February 2010

In this paper, we study on Moufang–Klingenberg planes [Formula: see text] defined over a local alternative ring [Formula: see text] of dual numbers. We get relations between some special 6-figures and its ratios. Also, we construct a relation between the solvability of the special quadric equation in [Formula: see text] and the existence of the special 6-figure in [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we give a construction which provides an algorithm for "squaring" and "cubing" a cross-ratio of points in [Formula: see text].
COMPOSITION-DIAMOND LEMMA FOR λ-DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATIVE ALGEBRAS WITH MULTIPLE OPERATORS
Authors: QIU JIANJUN , CHEN YUQUN
Published: February 2010

In this paper, we establish the Composition-Diamond lemma for λ-differential associative algebras over a field K with multiple operators. As applications, we obtain Gröbner–Shirshov bases of free λ-differential Rota–Baxter algebras. In particular, linear bases of free λ-differential Rota–Baxter algebras are obtained and consequently, the free λ-differential Rota–Baxter algebras are constructed by words.
GROUP ALGEBRAS WHICH ARE LIE SOLVABLE OF DERIVED LENGTH THREE
Authors: SAHAI MEENA
Published: February 2010

A classification of Lie solvable group algebras of derived length 3 over fields of characteristic 3 and 5 is given. It is known that for a field K with Char K ≥ 7 and G an arbitrary group, δ[3](L(KG)) = 0 if and only if δ(3)(KG) = 0. Same turns out to be true when Char K = 5 and G is an arbitrary group or when Char K = 3 and G is a two-Engel group.
COMPUTING THE DISTANCE DISTRIBUTION OF SYSTEMATIC NONLINEAR CODES
Authors: GUERRINI ELEONORA , ORSINI EMMANUELA , SALA MASSIMILIANO
Published: February 2010

The most important families of nonlinear codes are systematic. A brute-force check is the only known method to compute their weight distribution and distance distribution. On the other hand, it outputs also all closest word pairs in the code. In the black-box complexity model, the check is optimal among closest-pair algorithms. In this paper, we provide a Gröbner basis technique to compute the weight/distance distribution of any systematic nonlinear code. Also our technique outputs all closest pairs. Unlike the check, our method can be extended to work on code families.
Reverse skyline search in uncertain databases
Authors: Lian Xiang , Chen Lei
Published: February 2010

Reverse skyline queries over uncertain databases have many important applications such as sensor data monitoring and business planning. Due to the wide existence of uncertainty in many real-world data, answering reverse skyline queries accurately and efficiently over uncertain data has become increasingly important. In this article, we formalize the
probabilistic reverse skyline
query over uncertain data, in both monochromatic and bichromatic cases, and propose effective pruning methods, namely
spatial pruning
and
probabilistic pruning
, to reduce the search space of the reverse skyline query processing. Moreover, efficient query procedures have been presented seamlessly integrating the proposed pruning methods. Furthermore, a novel query type, namely
Probabilistic Reverse Furthest Skyline
(PRFS) query, is proposed and tackled under “the larger, the better” dominance semantics of skyline. Variants of probabilistic reverse skyline have been proposed and tackled, including those that return objects with top-
k
highest probabilities and that retrieve top-
k
reverse skylines. Extensive experiments demonstrated the efficiency and effectiveness of our approaches with various experimental settings.