bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Training village children as village teachers for village work: the Turkish village institutes
Authors: Meseci Giorgetti Filiz
Published: May 2011

Village Institutes were founded in Turkey in 1940 in order to educate village teachers. Graduates of these Institutes were educated to guide peasants in agricultural and technological matters. Legitimising Kemalist ideology and supporting the single‐party system of the day were two of the roles undertaken by these Institutes. This article evaluates the nationalisation and modernisation process of Turkey in terms of Village Institutes by emphasising their dual educational and political roles. A second aim of the article is to analyse Village Institutes and similar educational movements in other countries in comparative perspective within the context of work‐based education. Consequently, the contribution of Village Institutes to pedagogy and its place in the history of education are examined. As a result of the research, it is contended that work school and production school movements in Village Institutes were part of one endeavour and that these Institutes were important examples of the new school movement that was based on contemporary principles of education in Turkey at the time.
Balancing work and intellectual activity: Boston’s Sloyd Training School
Authors: Morice Linda
Published: May 2011

This article examines efforts of late nineteenth century educational reformers in Boston, Massachusetts (USA), to meet the pedagogical needs of an industrial age by balancing manual work and intellectual activity. Led by Swedish educator Gustaf Larsson and Boston philanthropist Pauline Agassiz Shaw, they employed traditional Swedish wood handcrafts (slojd, or ‘sloyd’ in English) to teach theoretical academic subjects and foster individualised learning. The reformers hoped to create, for students in kindergarten through to twelfth grade, a progression of manual work to parallel intellectual activities in the curriculum. That task became difficult as tool work moved from wood to steel, machines replaced hand tools, and artistic handcraft fell victim to efficient production. The school failed to sustain itself following the deaths of Shaw and Larsson. Today sloyd is credited as being a forerunner of technology education as well as an important influence on arts education in the United States.
Australia and New Zealand through American eyes: The ‘eyes’ have it
Authors: Urban Wayne
Published: May 2011

The points I want to make about Conant in the rest of this commentary will not be devoted to the Carnegie philanthropy and its objectives, nor to the acuity of Conant’s observations on Australia or New Zealand. Those matters are best left to scholars from Australia or New Zealand like Craig Campbell. I do, however, want to offer some explanation for why Conant was so concerned with the secondary school in his Australian and New Zealand adventures, and to put that interest in the context of his own slight but meaningful encounter with public secondary education in the US, both prior to and after visiting Australia and New Zealand. Again, hubris seems to have played a role. Conant discoursed on secondary education as if he had an extended background on the topic. The truth was, however, that he had little experience in a high school, and no experience in a public high school.
In search of scholarly expertise: transnational connections and women graduates at the University of New Zealand, 1911‐1961
Authors: Collins Jenny
Published: May 2011

This article examines the national and international connections made by women graduates of the School of Home Science in their efforts to develop the scholarly expertise and professional capacity that would enable them to pursue academic careers and to improve the position of women in universities. It argues that despite the obstacles, many women were able to pursue academic pathways and to establish their own authority. By undertaking a transnational analysis, this article examines webs of influence that linked women scholars in New Zealand, Australia, Canada and the United States as well as those in the so called “centre” (Europe and the United Kingdom). It explores the networks formed by a select number of middle class women ‐ scholars such as Ann Gilchrist Strong, Elizabeth Gregory and Neige Todhunter ‐ as they attempted to expand the range of their scholarly work beyond national borders. It considers the influence of appointments of women academics from the United States and the United Kingdom on; the significance of post graduate study opportunities for home science graduates; and the role of scholarships and awards that enabled two way travel between the southern and northern hemispheres. A number of tensions are evident in the way women scholars located their work in new and emerging fields of academic knowledge within the university. This article explores interrelationships between women academics and graduates from the School of Home Science at the University of Otago and academic women in the United Kingdom and the United States. The final section of the paper examines the academic and scholarly life of Catherine Landreth who exemplifies the experience of a select group of women who gained personally, culturally and professionally from their international opportunities, experiences and networks. It considers Landreth’s transnational travels in search of scholarly expertise, the influence of her personal and professional networks, the significance of her pioneering work in the emerging field of early childhood education and the constraints experienced in a highly gendered academic enclave. To begin however it gives a brief overview of the introduction of Home Science at the University of New Zealand and the influence of initial international appointments on the expansion of women’s academic work at the University of Otago.
Customer management and CRM: addressing the dark side
Authors: Frow Pennie , Payne Adrian , Wilkinson Ian F. , Young Louise
Published: May 2011

Purpose

The paper aims to consider the neglected area of customer relationship management (CRM) and customer management's “dark side”; and identify the key types of dark side behaviours of service providers as well as integrated approaches to CRM that will assist in overcoming dark side behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on an extensive literature review, supplemented by insights drawn from an on‐going longitudinal study of CRM, the authors develop a classification of dark side behaviour types.

Findings

The paper identifies ten forms of dark side behaviour that may be grouped into three broad categories based on means used and target. It illustrates how different types of dark side behaviours may be linked to the key strategic CRM processes.

Practical implications

The paper examines how these dark side practices may be addressed by adoption of a more enlightened approach to CRM.

Originality/value

The dysfunctional forms of CRM and customer management have been neglected as an area of research in marketing. The paper identifies and classifies service provider dark side practices and outlines how adoption of a more strategic approach to CRM can address dark side behaviours and move towards more enlightened marketing practices.
A model of customer loyalty and corporate social responsibility
Authors: Mandhachitara Rujirutana , Poolthong Yaowalak
Published: May 2011

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the roles of corporate social responsibility (a non service‐related concept) and perceived service quality (a service‐related concept) in determining the attitudinal and behavioral loyalty of customers in the retail banking sector in Bangkok, Thailand.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is quantitative in nature using the responses of 275 bank customers who answered a survey questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using partial least squares (PLS), a variance‐based structural equation modeling method.

Findings

The results of the study demonstrate that corporate social responsibility (CSR) has a significantly strong and positive association with attitudinal loyalty. Perceived service quality mediated the relationship between CSR and repeat patronage intentions (behavioral loyalty). Direct effects were reported between perceived service quality and both attitudinal and behavioral loyalty. A positive relationship between attitudinal and behavioral loyalty was demonstrated.

Research limitations/implications

While the results are clear and have strong salience for the retail banking industry, future research should take into account the specific industry context within the national culture.

Practical implications

The study provides a set of findings relating to CSR initiatives and perception of service quality that could be readily incorporated into banks' corporate strategic plans.

Originality/value

The paper demonstrates an empirical operationalization of CSR initiatives measured from the customers' point of view, and from which banks could learn for corporate strategy development.
To book or not to book: the role of hotel web site heuristics
Authors: Virginia Phelan Kelly , Christodoulidou Natasa , Countryman Cary C. , Kistner Leonard J.
Published: May 2011

Purpose

This study aims to examine web site heuristics and their influence on the likelihood to purchase.

Design/methodology/approach

A convenience sample of 28 participants was assigned a list of 30 hotel web sites to evaluate according to predetermined criteria and open‐ended questions.

Findings

Results indicated that booking decisions are positively related to a web site's aesthetic appeal. The study found the presence of photographs on a hotel web site was the most significant factor impacting site appeal and influencing the booking decision. Other features affecting purchase decisions included ease of use, color, link availability, lack of web site clutter, and sites unique in appearance.

Research limitations/implications

Research limitations included the size and composition of the sample. Respondents were college students, thus they represented a younger demographic and one which may be more tech‐savvy than other age groups. Also, the hotel web sites which were evaluated were located in one popular US tourist destination, meaning generalization to a larger population or to another industry may be limited.

Practical implications

Results showed four variables; pictures, ease of use, neat/uncluttered and plain/boring; were most significant on both site appeal and site influence. Practitioners would be well served to improve these web site elements to better accommodate customers and realize the greatest return on investment.

Originality/value

The paper investigates heuristics of hotel web sites. Findings identified areas for improvement by practitioners as well as areas for future research.
Interaction behaviors leading to comfort in the service encounter
Authors: Lloyd Alison E. , Luk Sherriff T.K.
Published: May 2011

Purpose

This study seeks to investigate the service interaction behaviors that elicit a sense of comfort for the customer in the service encounter, and to investigate the mediating role of comfort on assessments of quality, customer satisfaction and positive word‐of‐mouth in two industries.

Design/methodology/approach

In‐depth interviews were used to create an initial list of interaction behaviors displayed by service employees in an encounter. A quantitative study was then used to collect data to empirically examine the relationship between the constructs of interest.

Findings

Two key groups of interaction behavior are identified and contain specific behaviors that create a sense of overall comfort for the customer. Overall comfort positively impacts both overall quality and customer satisfaction, and this ultimately leads to positive word‐of‐mouth.

Research limitations/implications

The research focuses on two industries only: fashion apparel retailing and casual dining restaurants. Future research needs to examine other industries, experiential or credence services, level of involvement or the impact of culture.

Practical implications

Managers are recommended to incorporate interaction behaviors into front‐line employee training and design of comfort‐enhancing strategies.

Originality/value

Research on employee behaviors and emotional aspects of the encounter is relatively scant, and this study investigates the specific behavioral repertoire that gives rise to an overall feeling of comfort in the service encounter. Although employee behavior is widely acknowledged to have an immense impact on the customer's evaluation of the encounter, there still exists much room to explore specific behaviors that are important for successful service delivery.
Motivating shoppers to expand purchases during daylight‐saving time
Authors: Miranda Mario
Published: May 2011

Purpose

This paper aims to get an understanding of the determinants of unscheduled store visits during daylight‐saving time so that retail service providers may be able to encourage shoppers to expand their purchases during their sporadic store visits.

Design/methodology/approach

From the survey data, two econometric models were constructed, which predicted frequencies and times of shoppers' unscheduled grocery purchases. Based on the findings and behavioural principles, a conceptual model is defined for motivating shoppers to expand their purchases during their intermittent store visits.

Findings

A considerable number of consumers make unscheduled grocery store visits to their principal grocery stores when the store is kept open during daylight‐saving time. Shoppers are, however, not likely to make significant purchases during these irregular visits.

Research limitations/implications

Future research could examine changes in shopping behaviour from the switch back of the clock when DST is over.

Practical implications

Grocery stores who employ more resources, hoping to take advantage of the increased consumer inclination to visit stores during daylight‐saving time, may struggle to recover their operating costs.

Originality/value

The preparedness of consumers to break out of their work and social activities and visit their principal grocery service providers after business hours during daylight‐saving time suggests that these consumers could be motivated, based on the principle of hierarchy of needs, to elaborate on the benefits of the store's augmented and engaging services at this time and expand their purchases during these visits.
Perceived value: a critical examination of definitions, concepts and measures for the service industry
Authors: Boksberger Philipp E. , Melsen Lisa
Published: May 2011

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to provide a literature review of the state‐of‐the‐art and up to date concepts and measures undertaken in the research on perceived value. The purpose especially is to provide a comprehensive and systematic overview of the research on perceived value.

Design/methodology/approach

The common perceived value definitions, conceptual and measurement approaches and its close relationship with important and highly researched service industry components such as service quality and customer satisfaction are discussed.

Findings

This paper demonstrates underlying and foundational theories, systematises the research streams and addresses the unsolved concerns of perceived value. The paper concludes with recommendations for the future research and application of perceived value as being relevant to the service industry.

Originality/value

The contribution of the paper lies in achieving a more profound understanding of the nature of perceived value for, equally, academics and industry.
Less is more: essential web resources that eliminate clutter and enhance service
Authors: Gold Naomi
Published: May 2011

Purpose – – The purpose of this paper is to propose that drawing on a smaller number of high‐quality web‐based resources can facilitate the work of reference librarians.Design/methodology/approach – Draws on the writer's experience as a reference librarian and teacher of MLIS students, and offers a list of 25 exemplary web resources that provide high quality and utility for both academic and public library service. There are five compelling reasons to emphasize the use of a smaller number of high‐quality web‐based resources: providing reinforcement and clarity about authoritative, practical and high‐quality resources for new reference librarians; facilitating the growing phenomenon of digital reference service; enhancing information literacy; supporting students of library science residing outside Western countries; and working to create greater equity by assisting librarians and patrons in areas with fewer resources to recognize and make use of web‐based materials.Findings – Focusing on fewer resources, especially on those that consist of aggregated or compiled sources subjected to quality review, enhances reference service and information‐seeking.Originality/value – The challenges associated with web‐based information‐seeking and research have never been addressed by the “less is more” hypothesis, that is, by the proposal that limiting the number of sites consulted can improve results.
Evidence of improvement in accounting students' communication skills
Authors: Evans Elaine , Cable Dawn
Published: May 2011

Purpose

With large numbers of overseas students enrolled in university accounting courses in Australia, there is a growing trend in the postgraduate accounting courses to approach the problem of language and communication difficulties by offering discipline‐specific language training through an embedded curriculum approach in collaboration with English language specialists. This raises a general question about the nature of evidence required to demonstrate that students' professional language skills have been enhanced by these interdisciplinary programs. The paper aims to address the basic question: what evidence is available about the effectiveness of programs that align English language with disciplinary teaching?

Design/methodology/approach

The purpose of the paper is to review existing research to discover the nature of evidence that is available to address the effectiveness of programs that align English language with disciplinary teaching.

Findings

In the area of accounting research, it is very difficult to unbundle the effects of improvement in communication skills from improved understanding of discipline content.

Research limitations/implications

At a subject level, language interventions could pay more attention to the attributes of “good” evidence, while at a program level a suite of data sources may support a persuasive argument for improvement in students' communication skills.

Practical implications

If associations between integration and language improvement can be established through quantitative and qualitative research methods and reliable evidence for this can be presented to educational policy makers, then interdisciplinary approaches may be seen as valid alternatives to the more readily available (and cheaper) “bolt‐on programs” at university‐wide levels, where language support is given separately from discipline content.

Originality/value

The research addressed the question of whether there is evidence of the effectiveness of initiatives that align English language with disciplinary teaching in accounting. The answer is “yes”. It was gathered from a variety of research methods including experimentation, use of available data, diagnostic tests and self reporting by students and staff. What is apparent from the collected evidence is the effectiveness of interdisciplinary approaches that integrate language support and accounting content.
Why don't accounting students like AIS?
Authors: Vatanasakdakul Savanid , Aoun Chadi
Published: May 2011

Purpose

The demand for Accounting Information Systems (AIS) knowledge has increased exponentially over the past two decades, but studying AIS has not proved easy for many accounting students. The aim of the study is to understand the challenges accounting students face in studying AIS through investigation of the factors which may be contributing to their difficulties.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey instrument was developed for this study, and data were gathered from 618 students enrolled in AIS courses, 95 per cent of whom were accounting students. The data were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) technique.

Findings

The results show that course structure, pre‐existing knowledge of Information Systems (IS), assessment of critical thinking, teaching style and the availability of academic assistance to students all have a significant influence on students' learning experience in AIS courses.

Research limitations/implications

The study has important implications for AIS educators through its identification and analysis of possible difficulties faced by students. It is hoped that remedial measures to enhance this experience will be explored and implemented.

Practical implications

The study was conducted in one university context, so caution should be exercised in generalising the results. Future research could further validate, question, or extend the findings in multiple tertiary education institutions, in various countries.

Originality/value

This is one of the first studies to introduce scales to measure students' perceptions and experiences in AIS courses. It is hoped that this paper will initiate a discussion that leads to a better understanding of students' perceptions of challenges, and thus make AIS learning a richer and more enjoyable experience for students.
University corporatisation
Authors: Pop‐Vasileva Aleksandra , Baird Kevin , Blair Bill
Published: May 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the work‐related attitudes (job satisfaction, job stress and the propensity to remain) of Australian academics and their association with organisational, institutional and demographic factors.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected by distributing a survey questionnaire to 750 academics, from 37 Australian universities.

Findings

The results indicate a moderately low level of job satisfaction, moderately high level of job stress, and high propensity to remain. The findings reveal that the organisational factors (management style, perceived organisational support, and the characteristics of the performance management system) exhibited the most significant association with academic work‐related attitudes, with the only significant institutional factor, the declining ability of students, negatively impacting on job satisfaction and job stress. The findings revealed that work‐related attitudes differ, based on discipline, with science academics found to be more stressed and less satisfied than accounting academics. Different organisational and institutional factors were associated with the work‐related attitudes of academics from these two disciplines.

Practical implications

The findings will make university management aware of the work‐related attitudes of staff, and the factors that are associated with such attitudes, thereby assisting management in developing management policies, and taking appropriate action to address the concerns of staff.

Originality/value

The study provides an initial comparison of the work‐related attitudes (job satisfaction, job stress, and propensity to remain) of Australian academics across the accounting and science disciplines. The study also provides an important insight into the association between specific organisational and institutional factors, with the work‐related attitudes of Australian academics across both disciplines.
Preferences, constraints and work‐lifestyle choices
Authors: Gallhofer Sonja , Paisey Catriona , Roberts Clare , Tarbert Heather
Published: May 2011

Purpose

Men and women are now being admitted to membership of the major UK professional accountancy bodies in approximately equal numbers. This trend has focused attention on the ways in which professional accountants combine careers and family life, particularly when women have children. Recognising the limitations inherent in the widely‐used term “work‐life balance” that polarises life and work, this paper instead seeks to consider the “work‐lifestyle choices” made by female accountants. Work‐lifestyle choices refer to the ways in which people place different emphases on the work and private spheres, according to their individual circumstances. Feminist researchers have argued that women's work‐lifestyle choices have been limited by structural constraints. Over the past decade, a newer argument, preference theory, has emerged, suggesting that women's choices owe less to inequalities in the workplace and more to the preferences of individuals, particularly, but not exclusively, women. The purpose of this paper is to explore the work‐lifestyle choices made by female members of The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland (ICAS), in terms of both structural constraints and preferences, in order to present a more holistic understanding of the work‐lifestyle choices made by this particular group of well‐educated, middle‐class women.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper combines feminist theory and preference theory in the context of the results of a questionnaire survey of female members of ICAS and 14 interviews with female members of ICAS.

Findings

The responses of these accountants suggest that, while structural constraints are evident, many work‐lifestyle choices were driven by a desire to spend more time with children, and by women's perceptions of their mothering role. Most women, while recognising the opportunities forgone, were nonetheless happy with the choices that they had made.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to the literature by examining the voices of female accountants in order to explore how perceived gender roles impact on career decisions and work‐lifestyle choices.
The emergence and change of management accounting routines
Authors: van der Steen Martijn
Published: May 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the dynamics involved in the emergence and change of management accounting routines. It seeks to provide an understanding of the ways in which these complex routines foster stability and change in management accounting practices.

Design/methodology/approach

A longitudinal case study was conducted at the Rabobank Groningen – an autonomous member of the cooperative Rabobank group – over a period of four years. The emergence of a new routine of planning and control was traced, which evolved substantially over the period of study.

Findings

It was found that the cognitive representations of the routine studied, i.e. the way it was subjectively understood, provided a temporarily stable basis for the routine. Change arose from improvisations through its recurrent performances. It was also found that change could result from complex dynamics in the routine, as opposed to viewing them as static and stable entities that react to “external” stimuli.

Research limitations/implications

The research findings contribute to an understanding of the reproduction of management accounting routines and the ways in which change can arise in these routines. It provides a means to study the micro‐processes of reproduction of routines, which play an important part in institutional theories of management accounting change.

Originality/value

This paper places management accounting routines and their processes of reproduction at the centre of the argument to provide an understanding of the role of routines in accounting change. Since the notion of management accounting routines has not been developed extensively, this understanding contributes to studies into the nature of routines and their role in management accounting change.
The man from Sydney City
Authors: Dean Dianne
Published: May 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the stress and excitement to be gained from making closely negotiated business deals.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper take the form of humorous poetry.

Findings

That effective and persuasive communication is a vital part of business deals.

Research limitations/implications

Findings are limited to a fictional approach only. Implication is a respect for individuals able to communicate persuasively.

Originality/value

Adapted from the words and rhythm of “The Man from Snowy River' by Banjo Paterson.
The research proposal
Authors: Daff Lyn
Published: May 2011

Purpose

The purpose is to reflect on writing a PhD proposal.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is a poem based on the author's experience.

Findings

This is meditation on how the topic, theory and method for a research project all need to be fine‐tuned, so they are in balance.

Research limitations/implications

The paper stimulates thought about what drives a research project, and that various adaptations are required, so the topic theory, and method are woven together in harmony.

Originality/value

The paper provides an insight into the preparation of a research proposal, and highlights that it is not a linear process, driven only by the topic.
Using dental care resources optimally
Authors: Muralidhara Prasad Banuru , Varatharajan D.
Published: May 2011

Purpose

Modern lifestyle changes led to increased dental care needs in India. Consequently, there has been a sharp rise in dentist numbers. Karnataka state alone produces 2,500 dentists annually, who are engaged in the non‐government sector owing to inadequate public sector opportunities. This article aims to assess Karnataka private dental clinic quality and efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach

Dentists were interviewed using a close‐ended, structured interview schedule and their clinics were assessed using a checklist adopted from guidelines for providing machinery and equipment under the National Oral Health Care Programme (NOHCP). Dental “hotel” and clinical quality were scored based on this checklist.

Findings

Clinical quality was “excellent” in 12 per cent of clinics and poor in 49 per cent. Clinics with better infrastructure charged higher price (p<0.05). Multi‐chair clinics charging fixed rates were high (81 per cent). According to 59.5 per cent of dentists, competition did not improve quality while 27 per cent felt that competition increased price, not quality. About 30.9 per cent of the poor quality clinics, 41 per cent average quality clinics and 26 per cent good quality clinics were technically efficient.

Practical implications

The multi chair clinics offered better quality at higher prices and single chair clinics provided poorer quality at lower prices. In other words, they had a sub‐optimal price‐quality mix. Therefore, there is a need to regulate price and quality in all clinics to arrive at an optimal price‐quality mix so that clients are not overburdened financially even while receiving good quality dental care.

Originality/value

The article advocates that resources are used optimally as a way to achieve value for money and to achieve break‐even points thereby providing quality care in a competitive market. Factors that influence dental practitioner behaviour are evaluated.
In‐hospital mortality rates after CABG by autonomous regions in Spain
Authors: Rodríguez‐Rieiro Cristina , Rodríguez Pérez Paz , Granado de la Orden Susana , Moreno Moreno Mercedes , Chacón García Ana , Sánchez‐Gómez Amaya
Published: May 2011

Purpose

The paper's purpose is twofold: to provide a predictive model for estimating in‐hospital mortality rates after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in Spanish autonomous regions (AR) after adjusting relevant factors; and to determine whether there is a difference between expected and observed mortality rates.

Design/methodology/approach

All patients registered in a minimum basic data set (MSBD) undergoing CABG between 2000 and 2004 were selected. After bivariate analysis to explore associations between in‐hospital death and other variables, a multivariate analysis using logistic regression was conducted. The predictive model was evaluated using calibration and discrimination techniques. Standardized mortality ratios by AR were calculated.

Findings

The expected Spanish in‐hospital mortality rate after CABG was 7.68 and the observed rate was 7.69 deaths per 100 operations. Discrimination obtained with the model resulted in an area under the curve of 0.70 (95 per cent CI, 0.69‐0.71). When each AR's mortality rate is calculated and compared with the observed rate, some ARs present an observed mortality rate higher or lower than the expected rate according to adjusted variables in the model.

Research limitations/implications

The MSBD registry does not contain patients' critical data, such as arterial damage severity, or in which hospital procedures were performed.

Practical implications

There are factors related to individual patient variation, financial resources or healthcare quality in different ARs, which should be investigated in follow‐up studies.

Originality/value

The paper shows that, although the global expected mortality rate is almost the same as the observed Spanish mortality rate, this similarity disappears when AR rates are compared.
Effect of particle size distribution (PSD) and flux medium on the creep recovery performance of lead‐free solder pastes
Authors: Marks A.E. , Ekere N.N. , Mallik S. , Bhatti R.
Published: May 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the formulation of a solder paste (with regards to the flux and particle size distribution (PSD)), can influence its creep and recovery performance.

Design/methodology/approach

New lead‐free paste formulations were characterised utilising viscometry and oscillatory methods, after which creep/recovery investigations were conducted to determine the recovery performance. Measurements were recorded using a rheometer with a parallel plate geometry of 40 mm and a sample height of 1 mm.

Findings

Results from the study highlighted that the formulation of a solder paste can have a significant impact on the creep/recovery measurements. Variations in flux and PSD highlighted a considerable difference in the recoverability of the solder pastes, in one instance demonstrating more than a 20 per cent increase in structural recovery.

Research limitations/implications

More extensive research is needed relating to reduced PSDs, such as type 6 and 7 solder pastes, to fully understand their influence on the creep/recovery performance.

Practical implications

The results presented in this paper emphasise important information and investigational methods for research and development, and quality control.

Originality/value

The paper highlights how the composition of new paste formulations can influence the creep/recovery behaviour. It was found that the recoverability can be increased by careful selection of the flux and PSD, which in turn could reduce slumping influences in the print process. If used as a quality control tool, this paper may allow for the reduction in print defect occurrence.
Comparison of ROSE, C3/IC, and SIR as an effective cleanliness verification test for post soldered PCBA
Authors: Hui Lee Kong , Jukna Rob , Altpeter Jim , Doss Kantesh
Published: May 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness and sensitivity of different cleanliness verification tests for post soldered printed circuit board assemblies (PCBAs) to provide an understanding of current industry practice for ionic contamination detection limits.

Design/methodology/approach

PCBAs were subjected to different flux residue cleaning dwell times and cleanliness levels were verified with resistivity of solvent extract, critical cleanliness control (C3) test, and ion chromatography analyses to provide results capable of differentiating different sensitivity levels for each test.

Findings

This study provides an understanding of current industry practice for ionic contamination detection using verification tests with different detection sensitivity levels. Some of the available cleanliness monitoring systems, particularly at critical areas of circuitry that are prone to product failure and residue entrapment, may have been overlooked.

Research limitations/implications

Only Sn/Pb, clean type flux residue was evaluated. Thus, the current study was not an all encompassing project that is representative of other chemistry‐based flux residues.

Practical implications

The paper provides a reference that can be used to determine the most suitable and effective verification test for the detection of ionic contamination on PCBAs.

Originality/value

Flux residue‐related problems have long existed in the industry. The findings presented in this paper give a basic understanding to PCBA manufacturers when they are trying to choose the most suitable and effective verification test for the detection of ionic contamination on their products. Hence, the negative impact of flux residue on the respective product's long‐term reliability and performance can be minimized and monitored effectively.
Stability investigations of automatic X‐ray inspection systems
Authors: Latos István , Janóczki Mihály
Published: May 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a new method of evaluating the present state of X‐ray machines used in the electronics device manufacturing industry.

Design/methodology/approach

There are several kinds of failures that can only be detected by means of X‐ray inspection. The capabilities and properties of such machines, however, alter over a period of time. The effects of these changes are rarely published and when they are, the significance and reliability of the results produced depends very much on the state and capabilities of the machines in question.

Findings

The effectiveness and appropriateness of the present methods of calibration have been investigated. The optimization of the prevalence and effectiveness of these calibrations is described. Suggestions are also made as to the necessary adjustments or repairs that are required to reach the ideal optimized state of X‐ray machines. A scientifically substantiated method is also presented that can be efficiently employed in practise during automated X‐ray inspections of electronic devices.

Originality/value

In this paper, a new method of testing automated X‐ray inspection systems is introduced. It is clear that the method currently used by many engineers and inspection system manufacturers is not in itself sufficient, as they do not test grey‐scale and positioning stability in relation to changes that occur over time. Further, there is no evidence that numerical testing of the image quality takes place. Detailed investigations have been carried out to find the best methods to measure these parameters.
Crisis management in smart phones: the case of Nokia vs Apple
Authors: McCray John P. , Gonzalez Juan J. , Darling John R.
Published: May 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this treatise is to present an analysis of the importance of positive transformational crisis management. The analysis relates to the difficulty now being faced by Nokia, historically the world's leading manufacturer of technologically advanced mobile phones, of Apple's innovative combination of its iTunes, iPhone, and applications that deliver internet content to the iPhone.

Design/methodology/approach

A crisis, typically considered to be a negative issue, can be a positive transformational event in the life of a business firm when that firm recognizes a crisis and makes appropriate changes in its operations to facilitate positive growth and development. However, the initial stage of a crisis must be recognized and appropriately responded to. The crisis management paradigm that is the foundation for this case analysis focuses on four stages of a crisis: the preliminary crisis, acute crisis, chronic crisis, and crisis resolution. The case deals with the innovations of Apple that have enabled the firm to become a direct competitor to Nokia in the smart phone market. The preliminary crisis stage was not appropriately recognized by Nokia, and the firm was thrust into an acute crisis that has now evolved into a chronic crisis. A brief overview is presented of the historical development of both Nokia and Apple, and an analysis of the present crisis situation in which Nokia now finds itself is presented in some detail.

Findings

It was concluded that Nokia is now in a very difficult position regarding Apple due to its failure to engage in a timely transformational response to the competitive innovations of Apple.

Originality/value

This is an excellent example of failure in positive transformational crisis management.
Sensory marketing: the multi‐sensory brand‐experience concept
Authors: Hultén Bertil
Published: May 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present the multi‐sensory brand‐experience concept in relation to the human mind and senses. It also seeks to propose a sensory marketing (SM) model of the multi‐sensory brand‐experience hypothesis.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper applies exploratory and explanatory approaches to investigating the multi‐sensory brand‐experience concept within the context of discovery. The qualitative study is built on primary and secondary data sources, including personal interviews with experts and managers.

Findings

The multi‐sensory brand‐experience hypothesis suggests that firms should apply sensorial strategies and three explanatory levels within an SM model. It allows firms through means as sensors, sensations, and sensory expressions to differentiate and position a brand in the human mind as image.

Research limitations/implications

A theoretical implication is that the multi‐sensory brand‐experience hypothesis emphasizes the significance of the human mind and senses in value‐generating processes. Another theoretical implication is that the hypothesis illustrates the shortcomings of the transaction and relationship marketing models in considering the multi‐sensory brand‐experience concept. It is worth conducting additional research on the multi‐sensory interplay between the human senses in value‐generating processes.

Practical implications

The findings offer additional insights to managers on the multi‐sensory brand‐experience concept. This research opens up opportunities for managers to identify emotional/psychological linkages in differentiating, distinguishing and positioning a brand as an image in the human mind.

Originality/value

The main contribution of this research lies in developing the multi‐sensory brand‐experience hypothesis within a SM model. It fills a major gap in the marketing literature and research in stressing the need to rethink conventional marketing models.
A model of organizational ethics education
Authors: Morris Leanne , Wood Greg
Published: May 2011

Purpose

This paper aims to propose a model of ethics education for corporate organizations framed as an holistic approach to the problem of how to teach ethics.

Design/methodology/approach

As a conceptual/viewpoint piece, this paper recognizes that for ethics education to be successful, individuals and corporations must have an appreciation of their role in the society at large. In addition, there needs to be preparedness on the part of the corporation to engage in an ethical manner with the marketplace with which it interacts.

Findings

Ethics education should not exist in a vacuum, that is just within the organization, but it should reflect the values of the organization as they impact upon and are impacted upon by society in general.

Research/limitations/ implications

This model is predicated on a belief that organizations must craft their ethics education program with as much care and enthusiasm as they craft their strategic plan. The employees are the organization's representatives and they need to be made as clear as one can make them as to the ethical philosophy of the company and what is expected of them. Adults have a capacity for greater reasoning and reflection on their life experiences than children and thus the concept of “andragogy” provides a more satisfactory method to fashion education programs for adults than some more traditional methods that focus on training and not education.

Practical implications

When considering the ethics education of its employees, corporations need to place that education in context as it relates to the organization and the wider society as a whole. It is suggested that an ethics education program needs to provide a framework for understanding the concepts of ethics and moral development. Using this framework as the basis for the education offered, the education program is then expanded into an examination of a range of ethical issues presented in a variety of ways.

Originality/value

This paper proposes an integrated way to approach ethics education that ensures that the antecedents of the program are considered in the context of the ethics of individuals, the society and in turn the organization, hence the holistic approach.
Application of design for disassembly in men's jacket
Authors: Jin Gam Hae , Cao Huantian , Bennett Jaclyn , Helmkamp Caroline , Farr Cheryl
Published: May 2011

Purpose

Combining of natural and synthetic materials in apparel products caused problems with material recovery, reuse, recycling, or composting at the end of product life. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the application of design for disassembly methods in the design and construction of men's jacket. With this type of design, consumers and manufacturers can easily compost, recycle, or reuse different materials and components at the end of the garment's usable life.

Design/methodology/approach

After analyzing the men's jackets available in the market and identifying obstacles to disassembly, the authors designed and constructed a man's jacket that can be easily disassembled. The jacket design for disassembly focused on material selection, jacket design, and stitch evaluation and selection. The disassembly time was also measured.

Findings

It was found that minimizing material diversity and sewing similar materials together whenever possible, replacing fusible interfacing with blind hemming stitches under the collar and on the backside of the lapel, and using an appropriate low density stitch to sew the wool outer shell and polyester lining together, can make the jacket disassemble easily into a compostable outer shell and recyclable lining within 1.5 min.

Originality/value

This research provided a pilot study demonstration of applying “design for disassembly” in apparel design and construction. The findings could be employed in different apparel products to help reduce environmental pollution and resource depletion problems related to the apparel industry.
Craniofacial measurements of full‐term neonates
Authors: Deng Yong‐Mei , Yick Kit‐lun , Kwok Yi‐lin , Wong Siu‐chun
Published: May 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to measure the craniofacial dimensions of 41 full‐term neonates nursed in the Special Care Baby Unit of Queen Mary Hospital in Hong Kong, so as to develop a good‐fitting and secure eye‐patch protector for protecting neonatal eyes from the strong light in phototherapy.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 14 craniofacial dimensions were measured using a new, safe and non‐intrusive method with a close‐range photogrammetric system and two dimensions of head circumference and facial arc were measured using manual method with a disposable paper tape in the hospital environment. Birth information of gestation, age, gender, present weight and present length has been recorded. A descriptive statistics was produced based on the measured data. Correlations between each pair of dimensions were investigated and factor analysis was conducted for application on an eye‐patch protector development.

Findings

Head circumference was identified as the most desirable key dimension of a sizing system for an eye‐patch protector. Two head circumferences with the sizes of 310‐349 mm and 350‐389 mm, respectively, could effectively cover all full‐term neonates. Design guidelines were generated according to the measurement of the craniofacial dimensions.

Originality/value

This paper presents the craniofacial dimensions of head, eye, nose and ear parts of full‐term neonates.