bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of moxifloxacin and proflavine dual fluorescence imaging for detecting gastrointestinal neoplastic lesions: A prospective study
Authors: Nam Kwangwoo , Park Noseong , Lee Seunghun , Jeon Suil , Lee Jungbin , Hong Seung‐Mo , Hwang Sung Wook , Park Sang Hyoung , Yang Dong‐Hoon , Ye Byong Duk , Byeon Jeong‐Sik , Yang Suk‐Kyun , Lee Jeong Hoon , Kim Do Hoon , Kim Ki Hean , Myung Seung‐Jae
Published: February 2023

Objectives

High‐contrast and high‐resolution imaging techniques would enable real‐time sensitive detection of the gastrointestinal lesions. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of novel dual fluorescence imaging using moxifloxacin and proflavine in the detection of neoplastic lesions of the human gastrointestinal tract.

Methods

Patients with the colonic and gastric neoplastic lesions were prospectively enrolled. The lesions were biopsied with forceps or endoscopically resected. Dual fluorescence imaging was performed by using custom axially swept wide‐field fluorescence microscopy after topical moxifloxacin and proflavine instillation. Imaging results were compared with both confocal imaging with cell labeling and conventional histological examination.

Results

Ten colonic samples (one normal mucosa, nine adenomas) from eight patients and six gastric samples (one normal mucosa, five adenomas) from four patients were evaluated. Dual fluorescence imaging visualized detail cellular structures. Regular glandular structures with polarized cell arrangement were observed in normal mucosa. Goblet cells were preserved in normal colonic mucosa. Irregular glandular structures with scanty cytoplasm and dispersed elongated nuclei were observed in adenomas. Goblet cells were scarce or lost in the colonic lesions. Similarity analysis between moxifloxacin and proflavine imaging showed relatively high correlation values in adenoma compared with those in normal mucosa. Dual fluorescence imaging showed good detection accuracies of 82.3% and 86.0% in the colonic and the gastric lesions, respectively.

Conclusions

High‐contrast and high‐resolution dual fluorescence imaging was feasible for obtaining detail histopathological information in the gastrointestinal neoplastic lesions. Further studies are needed to develop dual fluorescence imaging as an in vivo real‐time visual diagnostic method.
Complex Ataxia‐Dementia Phenotype in Patients with Digenic TBP/STUB1 Spinocerebellar Ataxia
Authors: Nanetti Lorenzo , Magri Stefania , Fichera Mario , Castaldo Anna , Nigri Anna , Pinardi Chiara , Mongelli Alessia , Sarro Lidia , Pareyson Davide , Grisoli Marina , Gellera Cinzia , Di Bella Daniela , Mariotti Caterina , Taroni Franco
Published: February 2023

Background and Objectives

Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are autosomal dominant disorders with extensive clinical and genetic heterogeneity. We recently identified a form of SCA transmitted with a digenic pattern of inheritance caused by the concomitant presence of an intermediate‐length expansion in TATA‐box binding protein gene (TBP40–46) and a heterozygous pathogenic variant in the Stip1‐homologous and U‐Box containing protein 1 gene (STUB1). This SCATBP/STUB1 represents the first example of a cerebellar disorder in which digenic inheritance has been identified.

Objectives

We studied a large cohort of patients with SCATBP/STUB1 with the aim of describing specific clinical and neuroimaging features of this distinctive genotype.

Methods

In this observational study, we recruited 65 affected and unaffected family members from 21 SCATBP/STUB1 families and from eight families with monogenic SCA17. Their characteristics and phenotypes were compared with those of 33 age‐matched controls.

Results

SCATBP/STUB1 patients had multi‐domain dementia with a more severe impairment in respect to patient carrying only fully expanded SCA17 alleles. Cerebellar volume and thickness of cerebellar cortex were reduced in SCATBP/STUB1 compared with SCA17 patients (P = 0.03; P = 0.008). Basal ganglia volumes were reduced in both patient groups, as compared with controls, whereas brainstem volumes were significantly reduced in SCATBP/STUB1, but not in SCA17 patients.

Conclusions

The identification of the complex SCATBP/STUB1 phenotype may impact on diagnosis and genetic counseling in the families with both hereditary and sporadic ataxia. The independent segregation of TBP and STUB1 alleles needs to be considered for recurrence risk and predictive genetic tests. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Broadband dual‐polarized dipole antenna array for 2G/3G/4G/5G base station
Authors: Li Yuan Jun , Li Jian Feng , Ye Liang Hua , Zeng Jing Tao , Huang Kun
Published: February 2023

A broadband dual‐polarized antenna array with excellent impedance matching and stable radiation performance is proposed. The array comprises four folded‐dipole antenna elements. Two trapezoidal baluns are used to excite the folded‐dipole antenna to obtain good impedance matching and generate a ±45°‐polarized radiation pattern. To improve the impedance matching and achieve steady radiation performance, a square parasitic director is used and placed above the folded dipoles. The antenna element realizes a broad bandwidth of 76.9% (voltage standing wave ratio [VSWR] < 1.5 from 1.69 to 3.8 GHz) and high isolation of 28 dB. Then an antenna array comprised of four elements is designed. It is fed by two miniaturized 1‐to‐4 power divides. Several metal baffles are added between adjacent elements to reduce the mutual coupling. The array achieves a broad bandwidth of 78.4% (VSWR < 1.5 from 1.66 to 3.8 GHz), high isolation of 25 dB, stable half power beamwidth in the E‐plane within 65° ± 5°, and high gain within 12–15 dBi.
Synthesis and characterization of silver–zinc oxide nanocomposites for humidity sensing
Authors: Dare Enoch , Adanu‐Ogbole Blessing , Oladoyinbo Fatai , Makinde Festus , Uzosike Anthony Okechukwu
Published: February 2023

This study synthesizes hybrid of silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) from their bulk salt to form Ag–ZnO nanocomposites for application as a humidity sensor. The Ag and ZnO nanoparticles are synthesized using chemical reduction method, followed by co‐mixing and calcination to yield the nanocomposite. The synthesized nanoparticles are characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD, and EDX to establish their morphological, structural and elemental composition. Sensing measurements were performed in a controlled proton‐type humidity chamber using saturated solutions of KOH and K2SO4 as dehumidifier and humidifier respectively. We sintered and subjected to direct current resistance (Ω) and sensitivity measurement as a function of relative humidity (RH). Crystallinity pattern showed reflections from face centered cubic Ag and ZnO nanoparticles. The XRD peaks of the Ag–ZnO were attributed to the heterostructure and it agrees with SEM images showing Ag–ZnO isotopic and Ag–ZnO anisotropic under varying conditions. The study finds that sensitivity increases with relative humidity at a 10%RH interval. Ag‐ZnO sensor exhibits a higher sensitivity of 687Hz/%RH in comparison to ZnO nanosensor which has a maximum sensitivity of 324Hz/%RH. The increase in sensitvity of Ag‐ZnO can be attributed to the high surface area of absorption present in porous ZnO shell and the electrical capability of Ag core in transducing the water vapour absorbed into electrical signals. The Ag‐ZnO and ZnO sensor exhibits a fast response and recovery time of 54s and 73s, low hysteresis of 3.76%RH and 5.2%RH respectively. The result of the variation in resistance against relative humidity (RH) reveals a greater significant factor (SF) of 5.25 for Ag‐ZnO and 1,88 for ZnO. The hybrid of Ag‐ZnO nanocomposites proves to be a better humidity sensor and can serve as replacement for many other materials for humidity sensor currently in circulation in the market.
Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of the Influence of Genetic Variation on Ototoxicity in Platinum‐Based Chemotherapy
Authors: Hong Daniel Z. , Ong Thaned C. C. , Timbadia Dhayan P. , Tan Hui T. A. , Kwa Eunice D. , Chong Wan Q. , Goh Boon C. , Loh Woei S. , Loh Kwok S. , Tan Ene C. , Tay Joshua K.
Published: February 2023

Objective

The objective of this meta‐analysis is to evaluate the impact of genetic polymorphisms on platinum‐based chemotherapy (PBC)‐induced ototoxicity.

Data Sources

Systematic searches of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science were conducted from the inception of the databases to May 31, 2022. Abstracts and presentations from conferences were also reviewed.

Review Methods

Four investigators independently extracted data in adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Differences in the prevalence of PBC‐induced ototoxicity between reference and variant (i) genotypes and (ii) alleles were analyzed. The overall effect size was presented using the random‐effects model as an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

From 32 included articles, 59 single nucleotide polymorphisms on 28 genes were identified, with 4406 total unique participants. For allele frequency analysis, the A allele in ACYP2 rs1872328 was positively associated with ototoxicity (OR: 2.61; 95% CI: 1.06‐6.43; n = 2518). Upon limiting to cisplatin use only, the T allele of COMT rs4646316 and COMT rs9332377 revealed significant results. For genotype frequency analysis, the CT/TT genotype in ERCC2 rs1799793 demonstrated an otoprotective effect (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.27‐0.94; n = 176). Excluding studies using carboplatin or concomitant radiotherapy revealed significant effects with COMT rs4646316, GSTP1 rs1965, and XPC rs2228001. Major sources of variations between studies include differences in patient demographics, ototoxicity grading systems, and treatment protocols.

Conclusion

Our meta‐analysis presents polymorphisms that exert ototoxic or otoprotective effects in patients undergoing PBC. Importantly, several of these alleles are observed at high frequencies globally, highlighting the potential for polygenic screening and cumulative risk evaluation for personalized care.
Vertebral Anomalies in Microtia Patients at a Tertiary Pediatric Care Center
Authors: Alexander Nicole L. , McLennan Alexandra , Silva Rodrigo C. , Hosek Kathleen , Liu Yi‐Chun C.
Published: February 2023

Objective

Microtia is a congenital condition known to be associated with vertebral anomalies and congenital syndromes, most prominently hemifacial microsomia. There is controversy, however, on whether to screen with spinal imaging. Additionally, microtia ear reconstruction utilizes rib harvesting that could potentially worsen pre‐existing vertebral and rib anomalies, specifically scoliosis. We report on the prevalence and characteristics of vertebral anomalies among microtia patients at a tertiary pediatric center.

Study Design

Retrospective case review with literature review.

Setting

Tertiary pediatric referral center.

Methods

A review of 425 children with microtia was conducted, characterized as either syndromic or nonsyndromic. Data included demographics, spinal imaging performed, indications, anomalies detected, and microtia repair.

Results

Among 425 microtia patients, 24.5% were syndromic with an average age of 9.7 years. Only 18.4% of all patients had spinal imaging performed (50% syndromic vs 8.1% nonsyndromic). Overall, 10.6% had a vertebral anomaly with a 57.7% detection rate (67.3% syndromic vs 38.5% nonsyndromic). The most common anomaly was scoliosis, with a prevalence of 7.8%. Fusion defects and rib deformities were the next most prominent. Microtia repair, most commonly with an autologous rib graft, was performed in 21.6% of the cohort. However, only 19.2% had spinal imaging and 16.7% with a vertebral anomaly.

Conclusion

Children with microtia are at a greater risk of vertebral abnormalities. Scoliosis prevalence in isolated microtia is comparable to the general population (2%‐3%) but greatly increased with genetic syndromes. Screening for vertebral anomalies should be considered when planning microtia reconstructions, especially in the syndromic population.
Revisiting Age Criterion for Surgery in Asymptomatic Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Horowitz Gilad , Leshno Moshe , Izkhakov Elena , Halpern Daniel , Muhanna Nidal , Greenman Yona , Ungar Omer J. , Carmel‐Neidermann Narin N. , Kampel Liyona , Warshavsky Anton
Published: February 2023

Objective

To revisit the current age criterion (50 years) for surgical candidacy in patients diagnosed with asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).

Study Design

A predictive model relying on past publications using the electronic databases “PubMed,” “Embase,” “Medline,” and “Google Scholar.”

Setting

Hypothetical large cohort.

Methods

A Markov model was constructed, based on relevant literature, to compare 2 potential treatment algorithms for asymptomatic PHPT patients, parathyroidectomy (PTX), and observation. The various potential health states were characterized for the 2 treatment options and included potential surgical complications, end‐organ deterioration, and death. A 1‐way sensitivity analysis was performed to calculate the quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) gains of both strategies. A Monte‐Carlo simulation for 30,000 subjects was performed and cycled per annum.

Results

On the basis of the model's assumptions, the QALY value for the PTX strategy was 19.17 versus 17.82 for the observation strategy. The incremental QALY gains for various ages according to the sensitivity analyses for PTX in comparison to observation were: 2.84 QALY for 40‐year‐old patients, 2.2 QALY for 50‐year‐old patients, 1.81 QALY for 55‐year‐old patients, 1.35 QALY for 60‐year‐old patients, and 0.86 QALY for 65‐year‐old patients. The incremental QALY is below 0.5 after the age of 75 years.

Conclusion

This study found PTX to be advantageous for asymptomatic PHPT patients older than the current age criterion of 50 years. The calculated QALY gains support a surgical approach for medically fit patients in their 50s. The current guidelines for the surgical treatment of young asymptomatic PHPT patients should be revisited by the next steering committee.
Olfaction and Gustation in Children With Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
Authors: Zawawi Faisal , Dell Sharon , Wolter Nikolaus E. , Papsin Blake C. , Propst Evan J.
Published: February 2023

Objective

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder whereby abnormal cilia cause a wide array of respiratory tract manifestations including chronic rhinosinusitis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether olfaction and gustation are impaired in children with PCD.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Tertiary pediatric academic hospital.

Methods

Children with confirmed PCD based on having at least 1 of 3 approved diagnostic criteria as per The American Thoracic Society guidelines were recruited from The PCD Clinic in our tertiary care pediatric hospital. Odor identification ability was tested using the Universal Sniff (U‐Sniff) test and taste threshold was measured using an electrogustometer. The main outcome of this study is to determine the incidence of olfactory dysfunction in children with PCD and investigate if there is an associated gustatory dysfunction.

Results

Twenty‐five children participated (14 male, 11 female), The median age was 10.8 years (range: 4.1‐17.9 years). Only 4/25 (16%) complained of olfactory dysfunction prior to testing. None of the patients complained of dysgeusia. However, 48% (12/25) scored less than 7 on the U‐Sniff, signifying hyposmia or anosmia. In contrast, scores obtained by electrogustometry were in the normal range. There was no correlation between performance on the U‐Sniff and electrogustometry testing.

Conclusion

Olfactory impairment in children with PCD is common but underrecognized by patients. This is not associated with abnormal gustation. Among other, this places children with PCD at an increased risk with respect to smelling a fire or detecting spoiled or poisonous food.
Predictive Value of Preresidency Academic Metrics on Resident Publication Potential
Authors: Yin Linda X. , Catalano Dominic J. , Bisco Susan E. , Lohse Christine M. , Carlson Matthew L. , Stokken Janalee K.
Published: February 2023

Objective

Otolaryngology residency is highly competitive, and applicant academic metrics are scrutinized. The predictive value of preresidency academic metrics on applicants’ future research productivity and career aspirations remains largely undefined.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study

Setting

Academic otolaryngology department, 2014 to 2015.

Methods

Applicant demographics, publication history, and United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores were downloaded from Electronic Residency Application Service archives. Publications during residency were tallied from all PubMed articles indexed between July 1, 2015 and June 30, 2020. Postresidency career paths were examined by 2 investigators (D.J.C. and L.X.Y.) using Google searches with an emphasis on program websites, Doximity, and LinkedIn profiles. Associations with publication potential and postresidency positions were evaluated with Spearman rank correlation coefficients and Kruskal‐Wallis, Wilcoxon rank sum, and χ2 tests.

Results

Of 321 applicants, 226 (70%) matched, and 205 (64%) completed residency by June 2020. Matched residents published a median of 4 (range: 0‐41) manuscripts during residency. USMLE scores, Alpha Omega Alpha status, and the number of preresidency publications did not significantly correlate with publication potential during residency. The number of research experiences had a significant positive correlation with publications during residency (p < 0.001). Asian race (p = 0.002) and geographical region of residency (p < 0.001) also had significant associations with publication potential. Of the 205 graduates, 118 (58%) enrolled in fellowship. Age and female sex (74% vs 48%; p = 0.002) were the only factors significantly associated with pursuing a fellowship.

Conclusion

In otolaryngology, not all preresidency academic metrics are associated with publication potential during residency or propensity for fellowship training. Programs should not use academic metrics alone to predict an applicant's future research productivity or career trajectory.
Effect of dynamic friction and static friction in finite element analysis of carbon fiber preform
Authors: Yoon Manseok , Kang Gu‐Hyeok
Published: February 2023

This paper aims to improve the accuracy of the finite element analysis for the preform shape transformation according to the difference in the type of carbon fiber and friction force. The carbon fiber type (Toray T700, Zoltek), the fiber direction (0°/90°, ± 45°), and the frictional force were measured, which occurred between the fiber and the mold and between the fiber and the fiber. A comparative experiment was conducted through actual preform production by designating it as a variable for element analysis. The analysis was conducted according to the difference between the static friction coefficient and the dynamic friction coefficient in the molding analysis. Within the range of the Coulomb equation, the shear angle changing was compared with the actual preform shape to show similar results.
A close look at polymer degree of crystallinity versus polymer crystalline quality
Authors: Venkatram Shruti , McCollum Jena , Stingelin Natalie , Brettmann Blair
Published: February 2023

In the broader polymer field, the term ‘crystallinity’ is often used rather loosely. However, increasingly, it becomes critical to clearly distinguish between degree of crystallinity, which provides the fractional amount of crystalline phase in a polymer, and the crystalline quality, which describes the perfection of the crystalline moieties that may form in a polymer. The reason is that these different structural features dictate important properties of plastic materials, including the mechanical properties of commodity polymers and the behavior of macromolecular ferroelectrics; they also determine which photophysical processes occur in semiconducting polymers. Hence, rigor needs to be applied when establishing structure/processing/property interrelations; and it should become a general practice that specific functions are clearly attributed to the degree of crystallinity, the crystalline quality or a combination of the two. In this perspective, in memoriam of Professor Dick Jones, a long‐time member of IUPAC's Polymer Division, we discuss the challenges of identifying—and distinguishing between—these important structural characteristics when using commonly applied measuring techniques and/or theoretical approaches. This task is often elaborate, as small changes in the chemical nature of the polymer and/or processing conditions selected can have drastic effects on both the crystalline quality and the degree of crystallinity, an issue that combined with the general ambiguity of data obtained with methodologies used to characterize polymer structures, theoretically or experimentally based. © 2023 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.
In‐depth analysis of potential‐induced degradation in a commercial CIGS PV module
Authors: Yilmaz Pelin , de Wild Jessica , Aninat Rémi , Weber Thomas , Vermang Bart , Schmitz Jurriaan , Theelen Mirjam
Published: February 2023

A post‐mortem analysis is conducted after potential‐induced degradation (PID) of a commercial copper‐indium‐gallium‐selenide (CIGS) photovoltaic module. After PID, the conversion efficiency of the total module decreased by 62%. Electroluminescence images of the module show that the edges of the modules were much more affected by the PID than the middle part of the module. Coring samples were prepared of the different areas and chemical compositional information of the various areas was combined with electrical characterisation, cell modelling and luminescence data to obtain an overall perspective on the root cause of degradation in these modules during high voltage stress. Consistent with earlier studies on cell level, the module analysis shows the occurrence of alkali migration. From current–voltage modelling, it was concluded that the degradation of the most affected areas is due to an increase in bulk and CdS/CIGS interface defects, likely induced by ion migration. Further degradation on the same samples occurred when they are taken out of the argon‐filled glovebox and stored under ambient conditions. Remarkably, the PID‐degraded areas show stronger degradation when left in ambient atmosphere, as well as a stronger Na redistribution. These new results show that ion migration not only causes the immediate degradation but also strongly affects the longer‐term stability of the cells in ambient atmosphere. This indicates that PID degradation makes CIGS devices more vulnerable to hermeticity problems, which are most prominent at the module edges.
Outpatient respiratory outcomes in children with BPD on supplemental oxygen
Authors: McGlynn Julianne R. , Aoyama Brianna C. , Martin Amanda , Collaco Joseph M. , McGrath‐Morrow Sharon A.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Preterm children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) frequently require supplemental oxygen in the outpatient setting. In this study, we sought to determine patient characteristics and demographics associated with need for supplemental oxygen at initial hospital discharge, timing to supplemental oxygen liberation, and associations between level of supplemental oxygen and likelihood of respiratory symptoms and acute care usage in the outpatient setting.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of subjects with BPD on supplemental oxygen (O2) was performed. Subjects were recruited from outpatient clinics at Johns Hopkins University and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between 2008 and 2021. Data were obtained by chart review and caregiver questionnaires.

Results

Children with BPD receiving ≥1 L of O2 were more likely to have severe BPD, pulmonary hypertension, and be older at initial hospital discharge. Children discharged on higher levels of supplemental O2 were slower to wean to room air compared to lower O2 groups (p < 0.001). Additionally, weaning off supplemental O2 in the outpatient setting was delayed in children with gastrostomy tubes and those prescribed inhaled corticosteroids, on public insurance or with lower household incomes. Level of supplemental O2 at discharge did not influence outpatient acute care usage or respiratory symptoms.

Conclusion

BPD severity and level of supplemental oxygen use at discharge did not correlate with subsequent acute care usage or respiratory symptoms in children with BPD. Weaning of O2 however was significantly associated with socioeconomic status and respiratory medication use, contributing to the variability in O2 weaning in the outpatient setting.
Efficacy of curcumin plus piperine co‐supplementation in moderate‐to‐high hepatic steatosis: A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Sharifi Shima , Bagherniya Mohammad , Khoram Ziba , Ebrahimi Varzaneh Amrollah , Atkin Stephen L. , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Askari Gholamreza
Published: February 2023

Non‐alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a global health problem that can progress to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of curcumin + piperine on cardiometabolic risk factors, as well as hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in NAFLD patients with moderate‐to‐high hepatic steatosis. Patients diagnosed with moderate‐to‐high NAFLD by liver sonography were randomized to either curcumin + piperine (500 mg/day curcumin plus 5 mg/day piperine) for 12 weeks (n = 30) or placebo groups (n = 30). Liver fibroscan, anthropometric measurements, dietary intake, physical activity, blood pressure, lipid profile, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and liver enzymes were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks of follow‐up. Intention‐to‐treat analysis was undertaken. Curcumin + piperine decreased waist circumference (p = 0.026), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.001), total cholesterol (p = 0.004), low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (p = 0.006), FBG (p = 0.002), alanine transaminase (p = 0.007) and aspartate transaminase (p = 0.012) compared with placebo. However, fibroscan measurement did not differ between curcumin + piperine and placebo groups (p > 0.05). Fibroscan measurement as a marker of NAFLD improvement did not differ after 12 weeks of curcumin + piperine; however, curcumin + piperine may be considered as an adjunct therapy to improve anthropometric measures, blood pressure, lipid profile, blood glucose, and liver function in NAFLD patients.
Sensible heat fluxes control cloud trail strength
Authors: Johnston Michael C. , Holloway Christopher E. , Plant Robert S.
Published: February 2023

Convective cloud bands known as “cloud trails” (CTs) are commonly found downwind of small islands (<(100) km2) throughout the world. They occur primarily in the afternoon, and are known to form in response to land–sea contrasts under the presence of background flow. A set of idealized numerical experiments with 100‐m horizontal grid spacing is performed to quantify the relationship between the surface forcing produced by an island and the strength of the resulting CT circulation. These experiments are based on observed environmental conditions for which a CT occurred off Bermuda, a small subtropical island. For these simulations, the CT circulation is found to be controlled by the strength of the integrated excess heating of the flow as it passes over the island. This excess heating is in turn controlled by the strength of the island heat fluxes when the wind speed and the island geometry are kept constant. Our experiments show, all else equal, a linear relationship between CT circulation strength and the island surface heat flux.
Establishing the accuracy of position‐specific carbon isotope analysis of propane by GC‐pyrolysis‐GC‐IRMS
Authors: Liu Changjie , Liu Peng , Wang Xiaofeng , Li Xiaoqiang , Horita Juske
Published: February 2023

Rationale

Position‐specific (PS) δ13C values of propane have proven their ability to provide valuable information on the evolution history of natural gases. Two major approaches to measure PS δ13C values of propane are isotopic 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography‐pyrolysis‐gas chromatography‐isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC‐Py‐GC‐IRMS). Measurement accuracy of the isotopic 13C NMR has been verified, but the requirements of large sample size and long experimental time limit its applications. GC‐Py‐GC‐IRMS is a more versatile method with a small sample size, but its accuracy has not been demonstrated.

Methods

We measured the PS δ13C values of propane from nine natural gases using both 13C NMR and GC‐Py‐GC‐IRMS, then evaluated the accuracy of the GC‐Py‐GC‐IRMS method.

Results

The results show that large carbon isotope fractionations occurred for both terminal and central carbons within propane during pyrolysis. The isotope fractionations during the pyrolysis are reproducible at optimum conditions, but vary between the two GC‐Py‐GC‐IRMS systems tested, affected by experimental conditions (e.g., pyrolysis temperature, flow rate, and reactor conditions).

Conclusions

It is necessary to evaluate and calibrate each GC‐Py‐GC‐IRMS system using propane gases with accurately determined PS δ13C values. This study also highlights a need for PS isotope standards for propane and other molecules (e.g., butane and acetic acid).
Remote‐access robotic thyroidectomy: A systematic review
Authors: Vanermen Margaux , Vander Poorten Vincent , Meulemans Jeroen
Published: February 2023

Background

Recently, robotic surgery has been introduced as a new surgical approach to the thyroid.

Objectives

The primary objective of this systematic review is to critically examine safety and feasibility of the different robotic approaches.

Methods

The literature on robotic thyroidectomy was systematically reviewed. Primary endpoints were surgery duration, length of hospital stay, complications, postoperative pain and cosmetic satisfaction.

Results

Sixty‐eight studies with a total of 14433 patients were included. Depending on the robotic approach used, operative duration ranged between 89 and 230 min and hospitalisation stay between 0.1 and 5.6 days. Complication rates varied between 7.3% and 29%. Postoperative pain visual analogue scores (VAS) ranged from 0.6 to 4.71.

Conclusion

Robotic thyroidectomy results in high cosmetic satisfaction and quality of life. No differences in complication rates between robotic and traditional approaches are observed, supporting safety and feasibility of these robotic techniques.
Clustering and percolation on superpositions of Bernoulli random graphs
Authors: Bloznelis Mindaugas , Leskelä Lasse
Published: February 2023

A simple but powerful network model with nodes and partly overlapping layers is generated as an overlay of independent random graphs with variable sizes and densities. The model is parameterized by a joint distribution of layer sizes and densities. When grows linearly and as , the model generates sparse random graphs with a rich statistical structure, admitting a nonvanishing clustering coefficient together with a limiting degree distribution and clustering spectrum with tunable power‐law exponents. Remarkably, the model admits parameter regimes in which bond percolation exhibits two phase transitions: the first related to the emergence of a giant connected component, and the second to the appearance of gigantic single‐layer components.
Site percolation on pseudo‐random graphs
Authors: Diskin Sahar , Krivelevich Michael
Published: February 2023

We consider vertex percolation on pseudo‐random ‐regular graphs. The previous study by the second author established the existence of phase transition from small components to a linear (in ) sized component, at . In the supercritical regime, our main result recovers the sharp asymptotic of the size of the largest component, and shows that all other components are typically much smaller. Furthermore, we consider other typical properties of the largest component such as the number of edges, existence of a long cycle and expansion. In the subcritical regime, we strengthen the upper bound on the likely component size.
Did court dismiss student's negligence claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: February 2023

A female Liberty University student lived at an off‐campus housing complex called The Oasis. The Oasis was “students only.” Although the complex was privately owned, the university advertised The Oasis on its website and allowed students to submit lease applications through its website. The university also shuttled Oasis residents to and from campus. The complex was open‐air, didn't have locked gates, and didn't have trained security staff on‐site.
Mapping social impacts of agricultural commodity trade onto the sustainable development goals
Authors: Schaafsma Marije , Dreoni Ilda , Ayompe Lacour Mody , Egoh Benis N. , Ekayana Dewa Putu , Favareto Arilson , Mumbunan Sonny , Nakagawa Louise , Ngouhouo‐poufoun Jonas , Sassen Marieke , Uehara Thiago Kanashiro , Matthews Zoe
Published: February 2023

While international trade in agricultural commodities can spur economic development especially where governance is strong, there are also concerns about the local impacts of commodity production and their distribution on the environment and on people. The sustainable development goals (SDGs), though seeing trade as a means to support their achievement, recognise the need to address potential negative social and environmental impacts. It is therefore important to assess the contribution of international trade to the SDGs in commodity production areas. The environmental impacts of commodity production are widely acknowledged, but much less is known about its social impacts, and how this affects poverty reduction objectives across different dimensions. Impacts on human wellbeing and equity depend on a multitude of factors, including resources, systemic conditions and outputs of production. Through a broad literature review on soy, coffee, cocoa and palm oil, we show how studies have addressed different aspects of these factors and their impacts. The paper demonstrates how efforts by actors in global supply chains are related to a large number of SDGs and their targets. We link the social impacts and factors to the SDGs and a list of potential indicators and variables to guide operationalisation of assessments in new empirical studies.
MOCVD of Hierarchical C‐MoS2 Nanobranches for ppt‐Level NO2 Detection
Authors: Song Jeongin , Baek Jinwook , Cho Jinill , Kim Taesung , Kim Muyoung , Kim Ha Sul , Mun Jihun , Kang Sang-Woo
Published: February 2023

In the past decades, toxic gas emissions have increased significantly owing to the rapid growth of industry and road transportation. Therefore, monitoring major pollutants, such as NO2, is crucial to protecting human health. The 2D materials that contain numerous adsorption sites and exhibit ultrahigh chemical reactivity can be used as sensor materials to detect these toxic gases. Herein, highly uniform, large‐area carbon‐incorporating hierarchical MoS2 nanobranches are synthesized by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). An in situ carbon‐incorporation method that uses the carbon impurity present in the precursor as the seed during the MOCVD process is employed to form a hierarchical structure containing abundant adsorption sites. A gas sensor based on the resulting C‐MoS2 nanobranches contains many edge sites exhibits high adsorption energy, and consequently, has high NO2 gas sensitivity. Hence, this hierarchical C‐MoS2 gas sensor shows excellent sensing properties, exhibiting a device response of 1.67 at an extremely low NO2 concentration (≈5 ppb). The limit of detection of the gas sensor for NO2 is calculated to be low (≈1.58 ppt), further confirming its exceptional performance. Thus, the hierarchical C‐MoS2 nanobranches deposited herein provide novel insights regarding the properties of 2D materials and are highly suited for fabricating high‐performance NO2 sensors.
UDL and reading to learn in college courses: Strategies and tips to reduce barriers in reading
Authors: Zawilinski Lisa
Published: February 2023

This chapter examines specific Universal Design for Learning (UDL) principles, guidelines, and checkpoints that support the removal of barriers to reading to learn efforts. The chapter will also offer practical examples of relevant curricular moves to support student learning from texts.
An updated view on the ATOMKI nuclear anomalies
Authors: Barducci Daniele , Toni Claudio
Published: February 2023

Abstract

In view of the latest experimental results recently released by the ATOMKI collaboration, we critically re-examine the possible theoretical interpretation of the observed anomalies in terms of a new BSM boson X with mass ~ 17 MeV. To this end we employ a multipole expansion method and give an estimate for the range of values of the nucleon couplings to the new light state in order to match the experimental observations. Our conclusions identify the axial vector state as the most promising candidate, while other spin/parity assignments seems disfavored for a combined explanation. This results is however based on an order of magnitude estimate for the, currently unknown, axial nuclear matrix element of the 12C transition, that needs then to be evaluated before being able to draw a definite conclusion. Intriguingly, an axial vector state can also simultaneously accommodate other experimental anomalies, i.e. the KTeV anomaly in π0 → e+e− decay while being compatible with the conflicting measurements of the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron (g – 2)e and other constraints on the electron couplings of the X boson. The PADME experiment will completely cover the relevant region of the parameter space, thus allowing for a strong test of the existence of the X particle.
Erratum to: Charting the Higgs self-coupling boundaries
Authors: Durieux Gauthier , McCullough Matthew , Salvioni Ennio
Published: February 2023

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2022)148
Quadratic Decomposition of Bivariate Orthogonal Polynomials
Authors: Branquinho Amílcar , Foulquié-Moreno Ana , Pérez Teresa E.
Published: February 2023

We describe the relation between the systems of bivariate orthogonal polynomial associated to a symmetric weight function and associated to some particular Christoffel modifications of the quadratic decomposition of the original weight. We analyze the construction of a symmetric bivariate orthogonal polynomial sequence from a given one, orthogonal to a weight function defined on the first quadrant of the plane. In this description, a sort of Bäcklund type matrix transformations for the involved three term matrix coefficients plays an important role. Finally, we take as a case study relations between the classical orthogonal polynomials defined on the ball and those on the simplex.
Irregularity of the Bergman Projection on Smooth Unbounded Worm Domains
Authors: Krantz Steven G. , Monguzzi Alessandro , Peloso Marco M. , Stoppato Caterina
Published: February 2023

In this work, we consider smooth unbounded worm domains $${\mathcal {Z}}_\lambda $$

Z
λ

in $${\mathbb {C}}^2$$

C

2

and show that the Bergman projection, densely defined on the Sobolev spaces $$H^{s,p}({\mathcal {Z}}_\lambda ),$$

H

s
,
p

(

Z
λ

)

,

$$p\in (1,\infty ),$$

p
∈
(
1
,
∞
)
,

$$s\ge 0,$$

s
≥
0
,

does not extend to a bounded operator $$P_\lambda :H^{s,p}({\mathcal {Z}}_\lambda )\rightarrow H^{s,p}({\mathcal {Z}}_\lambda )$$

P
λ

:

H

s
,
p

(

Z
λ

)

→

H

s
,
p

(

Z
λ

)

when $$s>0$$

s
>
0

or $$p\ne 2.$$

p
≠
2
.

The same irregularity was known in the case of the non-smooth unbounded worm. This improved result shows that the irregularity of the projection is not a consequence of the irregularity of the boundary but instead of the infinite windings of the worm domain.
A comparative characterisation of commercially available lipid-polymer nanoparticles formed from model membranes
Authors: Sawczyc Henry , Heit Sabine , Watts Anthony
Published: February 2023

From the discovery of the first membrane-interacting polymer, styrene maleic-acid (SMA), there has been a rapid development of membrane solubilising polymers. These new polymers can solubilise membranes under a wide range of conditions and produce varied sizes of nanoparticles, yet there has been a lack of broad comparison between the common polymer types and solubilising conditions. Here, we present a comparative study on the three most common commercial polymers: SMA 3:1, SMA 2:1, and DIBMA. Additionally, this work presents, for the first time, a comparative characterisation of polymethacrylate copolymer (PMA). Absorbance and dynamic light scattering measurements were used to evaluate solubilisation across key buffer conditions in a simple, adaptable assay format that looked at pH, salinity, and divalent cation concentration. Lipid-polymer nanoparticles formed from SMA variants were found to be the most susceptible to buffer effects, with nanoparticles from either zwitterionic DMPC or POPC:POPG (3:1) bilayers only forming in low to moderate salinity (< 600 mM NaCl) and above pH 6. DIBMA-lipid nanoparticles could be formed above a pH of 5 and were stable in up to 4 M NaCl. Similarly, PMA-lipid nanoparticles were stable in all NaCl concentrations tested (up to 4 M) and a broad pH range (3–10). However, for both DIBMA and PMA nanoparticles there is a severe penalty observed for bilayer solubilisation in non-optimal conditions or when using a charged membrane. Additionally, lipid fluidity of the DMPC-polymer nanoparticles was analysed through cw-EPR, showing no cooperative gel-fluid transition as would be expected for native-like lipid membranes.
Can an artificial intelligence powered software reliably assess pelvic radiographs?
Authors: Schwarz Gilbert M , Simon Sebastian , Mitterer Jennyfer A , Huber Stephanie , Frank Bernhard JH , Aichmair Alexander , Dominkus Martin , Hofstaetter Jochen G
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Despite advances of three-dimensional imaging pelvic radiographs remain the cornerstone in the evaluation of the hip joint. However, large inter- and intra-rater variabilities were reported due to subjective landmark setting. Artificial intelligence (AI)–powered software applications could improve the reproducibility of pelvic radiograph evaluation by providing standardized measurements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and agreement of a newly developed AI algorithm for the evaluation of pelvic radiographs.

Methods

Three-hundred pelvic radiographs from 280 patients with different degrees of acetabular coverage and osteoarthritis (Tönnis Grade 0 to 3) were evaluated. Reliability and agreement between manual measurements and the outputs of the AI software were assessed for the lateral-center-edge (LCE) angle, neck-shaft angle, sharp angle, acetabular index, as well as the femoral head extrusion index.

Results

The AI software provided reliable results in 94.3% (283/300). The ICC values ranged between 0.73 for the Acetabular Index to 0.80 for the LCE Angle. Agreement between readers and AI outputs, given by the standard error of measurement (SEM), was good for hips with normal coverage (LCE-SEM: 3.4°) and no osteoarthritis (LCE-SEM: 3.3°) and worse for hips with undercoverage (LCE-SEM: 5.2°) or severe osteoarthritis (LCE-SEM: 5.1°).

Conclusion

AI-powered applications are a reliable alternative to manual evaluation of pelvic radiographs. While being accurate for patients with normal acetabular coverage and mild signs of osteoarthritis, it needs improvement in the evaluation of patients with hip dysplasia and severe osteoarthritis.
Transoral Thyroidectomy: Initial Results of the European TOETVA Study Group
Authors: Arikan Melisa , Riss Philipp ,   the European TOETVA Study Group, Scheuba Christian , Schopf Stefan , Karakas Elias , Klein Günther , Michlmayr Linda , Schardey Martin , Busch Peter , Hermann Michael , Grabner Thomas , Makay Özer , Özdemir Murat , Karimov Ziya , Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Casaril Andrea
Published: February 2023

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate a new surgical technique by the European Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach (TOETVA) Study Group.

Methods

This study included 391 patients (47 [(12%]) male and 344 [(88%)] female) who had undergone endoscopic thyroid or parathyroid surgery via the vestibular approach between February 2016 and May 2022 at nine centers. The data were analyzed with regard to complications, surgery time and specimen retrieval.

Results

Overall, 376 (96.2%) TOETVA and 15 (3.8%) transoral endoscopic parathyroidectomy vestibular approach interventions were performed with an average surgery time of 145 (± 61.2) minutes and 509 nerves at risk. The specimens were retrieved via a transoral vestibular and retroauricular approach in 66 (16.9%) patients and via a transaxillary approach in 8 (2%). Benign histology including Grave's disease was identified in 272 (69.6%) patients, 1 (0.3%) presented noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary‐like nuclear features, and 103 (26.3%) showed differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Solitary parathyroid adenoma were removed in 15 (3.8%) patients. Conversion to open surgery was necessary in 13 (3.3%) and revision had to be performed in 2 (0.5%) patients. Transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (RLNP) was present in 18 (4.6%) and permanent RLNP in 2 (0.5%) patients. Fifteen (3.8%) patients experienced transient hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy. No case of permanent hypoparathyroidism was observed. Postoperative surgical site infection occurred in 1 (0.3%) patient. Despite a higher rate of sensory and motor disorders and skin discoloration at discharge, permanent disorders were present in only 3 (0.8%) and 16 (4.1%) patients, respectively.

Conclusion

Our results show that transoral endoscopic surgery, performed by experienced endocrine surgeons, is a safe alternative to conventional thyroid surgery.