bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Brittle‐Ductile Weakening on the Formation of Faulting Patterns at Mid‐Ocean Ridges
Authors: Liu Mingqi , Gerya Taras , Rozel Antoine
Published: January 2025

Although seafloor spreading is one of the most prominent plate tectonic processes, its development and faulting pattern diversity are incompletely understood. This study addresses how brittle‐ductile weakening affects the formation and development of faulting patterns at spreading centers using 3D magmatic‐thermomechanical numerical models. Grain size evolution and brittle/plastic strain‐dependent friction coefficient weakening are fully coupled into models. A spectrum of faulting patterns, from asymmetric long‐lived detachment faults developing by the same polarity to short‐lived detachment faults by the flip‐flop mode to symmetric conjugate faults, is documented in our models. Systematic numerical results indicate that fault strength reduction and axial brittle layer thickness are two pivotal factors in controlling faulting patterns and development modes. Through varying initial friction coefficients, we found that strong friction weakening with significant fault strength reduction results in very asymmetric detachment faults developing by the same polarity, while weak friction weakening leads to slight fault strength reduction, forming conjugate faults. In addition, the thermal structure, influenced by spreading rates, hydrothermal cooling, and mantle potential temperature, in turn, controls the axial brittle layer thickness and faulting patterns. To test a damage mechanism with a physical basis, we investigate grain size reduction at the root of detachment faults. We found that compared to the friction weakening of faults in the brittle/plastic layer, the development of oceanic detachment faults appears to be less sensitive to grain size reduction, which is mainly due to a relatively shallow axial brittle layer of the spontaneously accreting oceanic lithosphere in our models.
Strontium–Alix interaction enhances exosomal miRNA selectively loading in synovial MSCs for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis treatment
Authors: Yuan Wenxiu , Liu Jiaqi , Zhang Zhenzhen , Ye Chengxinyue , Zhou Xueman , Yi Yating , Wu Yange , Li Yijun , Zhang Qinlanhui , Xiong Xin , Xiao Hengyi , Liu Jin , Wang Jun
Published: January 2025

The ambiguity of etiology makes temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) “difficult-to-treat”. Emerging evidence underscores the therapeutic promise of exosomes in osteoarthritis management. Nonetheless, challenges such as low yields and insignificant efficacy of current exosome therapies necessitate significant advances. Addressing lower strontium (Sr) levels in arthritic synovial microenvironment, we studied the effect of Sr element on exosomes and miRNA selectively loading in synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs). Here, we developed an optimized system that boosts the yield of SMSC-derived exosomes (SMSC-EXOs) and improves their miRNA profiles with an elevated proportion of beneficial miRNAs, while reducing harmful ones by pretreating SMSCs with Sr. Compared to untreated SMSC-EXOs, Sr-pretreated SMSC-derived exosomes (Sr-SMSC-EXOs) demonstrated superior therapeutic efficacy by mitigating chondrocyte ferroptosis and reducing osteoclast-mediated joint pain in TMJOA. Our results illustrate Alix’s crucial role in Sr-triggered miRNA loading, identifying miR-143-3p as a key anti-TMJOA exosomal component. Interestingly, this system is specifically oriented towards synovium-derived stem cells. The insight into trace element-driven, site-specific miRNA selectively loading in SMSC-EXOs proposes a promising therapeutic enhancement strategy for TMJOA.
NSm is a critical determinant for bunyavirus transmission between vertebrate and mosquito hosts
Authors: Terhzaz Selim , Kerrigan David , Almire Floriane , Szemiel Agnieszka M. , Hughes Joseph , Parvy Jean-Philippe , Palmarini Massimo , Kohl Alain , Shi Xiaohong , Pondeville Emilie
Published: January 2025

Bunyavirales is a very large order including viruses infecting a variety of taxonomic groups such as arthropods, vertebrates, plants, and protozoa. Some bunyaviruses are transmitted between vertebrate hosts by blood-sucking arthropods and cause major diseases in humans and animals. It is not understood why only some bunyaviruses have evolved the capacity to be transmitted by arthropod vectors. Here we show that only vector-borne bunyaviruses express a non-structural protein, NSm, whose function has so far remained largely elusive. Using as experimental system Bunyamwera virus (BUNV) and its invertebrate host, Aedes aegypti, we show that NSm is dispensable for viral replication in mosquito cells in vitro but is absolutely required for successful infection in the female mosquito following a blood meal. More specifically, NSm is required for cell-to-cell spread and egress from the mosquito midgut, a known barrier to viral infection. Notably, the requirement for NSm is specific to the midgut; bypassing this barrier by experimental intrathoracic infection of the mosquito eliminates the necessity of NSm for virus spread in other tissues, including the salivary glands. Overall, we unveiled a key evolutionary process that allows the transmission of vector-borne bunyaviruses between arthropod and vertebrate hosts.
Monitoring benthic plumes, sediment redeposition and seafloor imprints caused by deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining
Authors: Gazis Iason-Zois , de Stigter Henko , Mohrmann Jochen , Heger Karl , Diaz Melanie , Gillard Benjamin , Baeye Matthias , Veloso-Alarcón Mario E. , Purkiani Kaveh , Haeckel Matthias , Vink Annemiek , Thomsen Laurenz , Greinert Jens
Published: January 2025

A deep-sea (4500 m) trial of a pre-prototype polymetallic nodule collector with independent scientific monitoring revealed that a gravity current formed behind the collector channeled through steeper seafloor sections and traveled 500 m downslope. The prevailing bottom currents dominated sediment dispersion up to the end of the monitoring area at 4.5 km distance. The maximum suspended particle concentration recorded 50 m from mining lanes was up to four orders of magnitude higher than ambient values but decreased rapidly with increasing time, distance, and altitude. Most of the plume remained close to the seafloor, with the highest concentrations at 1 m monitoring altitude and reaching background concentrations at 50 m. Rapid particle flocculation was followed by fast and substantial sediment redeposition. A mm-scale photogrammetric seafloor reconstruction allowed quantitative estimates of the thickness of redeposited sediment next to mining lanes of ≈ 3 cm and a minimum erosional depth of 5 cm.
Glucomannan engineering highlights roles of galactosyl modification in fine-tuning cellulose-glucomannan interaction in Arabidopsis cell walls
Authors: Yoshimi Yoshihisa , Yu Li , Cresswell Rosalie , Guo Xinyu , Echevarría-Poza Alberto , Lyczakowski Jan J. , Dupree Ray , Kotake Toshihisa , Dupree Paul
Published: January 2025

Widely found in most plant lineages, β-mannans are structurally diverse polysaccharides that can bind to cellulose fibrils to form the complex polysaccharide architecture of the cell wall. How changes in polysaccharide structure influence its cell wall solubility or promote appropriate interaction with cellulose fibrils is poorly understood. Glucomannan backbones acquire variable patterns of galactosyl substitutions, depending on plant developmental stage and species. Here, we show that fine-tuning of galactosyl modification on glucomannans is achieved by the differing acceptor recognition of mannan α-galactosyltransferases (MAGTs). Biochemical analysis and 13C solid-state　nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of Arabidopsis with cell wall glucomannan engineered by MAGTs reveal that the degree of galactosylation strongly affects the interaction with cellulose. The findings indicate that plants tailor galactosyl modification on glucomannans for constructing an appropriate cell wall architecture, paving the way to convert properties of lignocellulosic biomass for better use.
Safety and efficacy of oral administrated cepharanthine in non-hospitalized, asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 patients: a Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Wei Jianyi , Liu Shupeng , Bian Yuexiang , Li Lei , Qian Biyun , Shen Zixuan , Zhang Yan , Abuduaini Adila , Dong Fuchen , Zhang Xin , Li Jinhui , Yu Yongpei , Zhang Weituo , Wang Jun , Zhai Wei , Song Qixiang , Zheng Yu , Pan Weihua , Yu Lanlan , Zhan Qimin , Zhang Ning , Zheng Junhua , Pan Shuming , Yao Chen , Li Hai
Published: January 2025

Cepharanthine (CEP) is a natural remedy that potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 activity both in vitro and in vivo. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of CEP compared with placebo in adults with asymptomatic or mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we conducted a proof-of-concept, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Patients were randomized to receive 120 mg/day of CEP, 60 mg/day CEP or placebo for 5 days. Main outcome was the time from randomization to negative nasopharyngeal swab and safety. Among 262 randomized participants, 188 completed the trial among group of 120 mg/day CEP (n = 65), 60 mg/day CEP (n = 68) and placebo (n = 55). Neither 120 mg/day or 60 mg/day CEP shortened the time to negative significantly compared with placebo. However, 60 mg/day CEP showed a slight trend (difference=-0.77 days, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.40, 95% CI 0.97–2.01, p = 0.072). In analysis of participants with good medication compliance, 60 mg/day CEP significantly shortened the time to negative (difference=-0.87 days, HR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.03–2.37, p = 0.035). Adverse events were not different among the three groups, and no serious adverse events occurred. In conclusion, treatment of asymptomatic or mild Covid-19 with 120 mg/day or 60 mg/day did not shorten the time to negative significantly. However, 60 mg/day CEP showed a slight trend which needs future confirmatory trials to validate. (NCT05398705).
Dissecting the sterility phenotype in gene edited Drosophila suzukii pgSIT males
Authors: Witherbee Avery D. , Gamez Stephanie
Published: January 2025

Drosophila suzukii is an invasive pest that affects many fresh, soft-skinned fruits such as strawberries and blueberries. To combat this pest, growers use various methods including insecticide sprays, biological control, and sanitation practices. However, these methods are becoming increasingly ineffective against D. suzukii due to increased resistance against insecticides and increasing labor costs. Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) has been used successfully to control many agricultural pests, but the use of irradiation, sex sorting, and the requirement to scale these insects make it costly to implement. pgSIT (precision guided Sterile Insect Technique) is a novel and efficient way to generate sterile males through genetic engineering and overcomes the drawbacks of traditional SIT. pgSIT has been implemented in multiple Dipteran insects, including D. suzukii, and has been shown to suppress wild insect populations. To further characterize sterile pgSIT males, we evaluated their fertility capacity, lack of mature sperm, and ability to induce a mating refractory period in D. suzukii wildtype females. In this study, we found that pgSIT sterile males do not produce mature sperm and can induce a refractory mating period in wildtype females. Furthermore, sperm DNA is not detected in the reproductive tracts of pgSIT-mated female reproductive tracts. These findings further support the penetrance of the pgSIT technology in D. suzukii and provide further supporting data to governing regulatory bodies in their evaluation of this technology.
Microbial mediated silver nanoparticles enhance the potential of bioactive metabolites in the medicinal plant Linum usitatissimum
Authors: Khalid Minahil , Noreen Mamoona
Published: January 2025

This research work reports the formation, characterization and evaluation of biogenic silver nanoparticles that enhance the antimicrobial activity of bioactive metabolites against clinically isolated MDR bacterial strains.
Applications of catalytic systems containing DNA nucleobases (adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine) in organic reactions
Authors: Khademi Zahra , Nikoofar Kobra
Published: January 2025

In recent years, nucleobases have attracted special attention because of their abundant resources and multiple interaction sites, which enable them to interact with and functionalize other molecules.
Unveiling interfacial dynamics of zero-dimensional bismuth-based halide perovskite emitters for Electrochemiluminescence Applications
Authors: Hsu Hsien-Yi , Mak Chun Hong , Ai Yaojia , Cheng Shun-Cheung , Niu Wenxin , Du Minshu , Cheng Kuan-Chen , Jia Guohua , Xu Xueqing , Hu Zheng , Ko Chi-Chiu , Zou Guizheng , Lee Duu-Jong
Published: January 2025

Organic-inorganic halide perovskites have emerged as a novel category of optoelectronic materials owing to their exceptional physical and chemical properties. Notably, zero-dimensional (0-D) dimethylammonium bismuth iodide (DMA2BiI6) perovskite is an...
Pathohistological Changes in the Lungs of Very Preterm Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Depending on the Clinical Features
Authors: Menshykova Anna O. , Dobryanskyy Dmytro O.
Published: January 2025

Objective Establishing clinical factors associated with histological changes in the lungs of very preterm infants with evolving or established bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is essential for the development of more effective preventive interventions.

Study Design Thirty-two infants with a gestational age (GA) of <32 weeks who died of BPD or had BPD but died due to other causes were included in the study. The associations of clinical data with histopathological changes in the lungs were assessed.

Results The mean (standard deviation) GA of infants was 26.7 (1.9) weeks, and the mean birth weight was 919.7 (242.9) g. We revealed significant associations of maternal smoking with vascular hypertension lesions (r
s = 0.5, p < 0.05) in infants' lungs. Intrauterine growth retardation increased the risk of extensive fibroproliferation (r
s = 0.4, p < 0.05). In infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) requiring treatment, muscle hyperplasia (r
s = 0.5, p < 0.05) was detected more often. The longer duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) correlated with diffuse interstitial fibroproliferation (r
s = 0.5, p < 0.05), airway epithelial lesions (r
s = 0.3, p < 0.05), and airway muscle hyperplasia (r
s = 0.4, p < 0.05). In infants who needed the longer MV and/or oxygen supplementation, an increased incidence of extensive fibroproliferation was found (r
s = 0.4 and r
s = 0.4 respectively, p < 0.05). Antenatal steroids decreased the incidence of diffuse interstitial fibrosis (r
s = − 0.4, p < 0.05).

Conclusion In very preterm infants with a GA of less than 32 weeks, lack of antenatal steroid prophylaxis, intrauterine growth restriction, presence of hemodynamically significant PDA, and prolonged MV or oxygen supplementation are associated with the pathomorphological lung changes that are more typical for “old” BPD. Traditional preventive measures against BPD remain essential in a modern population of very preterm infants.

Key Points
Nonsurgical Elementary Rhinoplasty: A Volumetric Standardized Hyaluronic Acid Filling Technique in Five Steps
Authors: Oliveira Luddi L. , Braz André , Palermo Eliandre , Issa Maria C.A.
Published: January 2025

Hyaluronic acid filling to correct the nose contour has gained popularity in recent years. Although many techniques are described about the amount of the product and steps to follow to obtain, practitioners still need clarification about the amount of product and steps to follow obtain natural and safe results. We aim to demonstrate a new technique with a systematic sequence that considers the anatomy and individual characteristics. The nonsurgical elementary rhinoplasty (NOSER) technique is performed in five steps using cannulas, a high G prime hyaluronic acid, and two injection entry points. The areas to be treated and the specific quantity of filler to be used are based on the assessment. Steps 1 to 3 are for the tip's projection, support and lift, and step 4 is for filling the radix area and straightening the dorsum. Step 5 is used for refinement and softening of the supratip. All five steps are done in small aliquots in the central area, at the deep plane. Through the procedure, it is possible to achieve an aesthetic improvement in the nose by widening the labial columellar angle, exposing the columella, projecting the tip, and aligning the dorsum (disguising the hump), even without performing all five steps. This technique could be a good and highly reproducible alternative for upgrading the nose contour.
Coherent oscillations in small tunnel junctions with a strong Josephson coupling
Authors: Averin D. V. , Odintsov A. A.
Published: January 2025

The dynamics of nonshunted tunnel junctions with a low conductance and a strong Josephson coupling is considered in the limit of large external current. It is shown that Bloch oscillations must occur in such junctions at large external currents also. The Bloch oscillation linewidth is calculated as well as the current voltage characteristic of the junction (including the case of synchronization of the Bloch and single-electron oscillations by an external microwave signal).
Comparison of true and calculated specific heat of YBa2Cu3Oy for different values of oxygen index y
Authors: Boiko F. A. , Bochkovaya G. Yu. , Bykov A. M. , Kovarskii V. L. , Sukharevskii B. Ya.
Published: January 2025

The specific heat of YBa2Cu3Oy is measured by using low-temperature adiabatic calorimetry in the temperature interval 14–300 K for y = 6.98, 6.3, 6.8, and 6.2. The results of measurements are compared with the values of specific heat calculated from neutron spectra obtained in different laboratories.
Ortho–para conversion in solid H2, stimulated by atomic nitrogen impurities
Authors: Dmitriev Yu. A. , Zhitnikov R. A.
Published: January 2025

The time dependence of the EPR linewidth of nitrogen atoms stabilized in the H2 matrix is calculated theoretically under the assumption that the ortho–para conversion of H2 molecules is stimulated by nitrogen atoms.
Nonlinear electrical conductivity and spectroscopy of electron–phonon interaction in tunnel point contacts
Authors: Moskalets M. V. , Shekhter R. I.
Published: January 2025

The theory of nonlinear electrical conductivity for metal point contacts with a barrier layer is constructed. For contacts with a quite small value of the product Dd (D is the transparency of the tunnel barrier and d the diameter of the contact), a mode intermediate between the traditional point-contact spectroscopy mode and tunneling in plane contacts is realized. The concentration of carriers in the contact region produces nonlinear corrections to the I(V) dependence that are similar to those for point contacts but not restricted by the condition of conservation of electron motion through the carrier concentration region. This modification of the point-contact spectroscopy [I. O. Kulik, M. V. Moskalets, R. I. Shekhter, and I. K. Yanson, Pis’ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 49, 42 (1989)] provides a method for investigating the electron–phonon interaction spectrum for materials with extremely small electron mean free paths (fluctuating valency and heavy fermion systems, high-temperature superconductors).
Topology and magnetic solitons in collinear antiferromagnets
Authors: Leonov I. A. , Sobolev V. L.
Published: January 2025

A topological classification of two-dimensional magnetic solitons whose local magnetic order can be described by a single antiferromagnetism vector is analyzed. It is shown that only nontopological solitons of this class may exist in perfect crystals. A formalism of topological description of magnetic domain structures and of the coupling between magnetic solitons and crystal defects in arbitrary magnets is proposed.
Influence of deformation defects on properties of normal and superconducting niobium
Authors: Sokolenko V. I. , Starodubov Ya. D. , Merisov B. A. , Borisova I. F.
Published: January 2025

The temperature dependence of resistivity is analyzed in the interval 9.5–310 K for a niobium single crystal in the initial state, after a strong plastic deformation by rolling at 20 K and annealings between 423 and 533 K, and the superconducting transition temperature is measured. The results are processed by using a model taking into account the intra- and interband electron scattering as well as the effects associated with the electron lifetime during scattering by defects and thermal phonons. The calculations carried out in terms of the Friedel model reveal that an increase in the dislocation density and the redistribution of the vacancy-oxygen complexes upon annealing reduces the Fermi energy and the width of the d-band and lowers its center of gravity. It is concluded that the enhancement of anisotropy of the Fermi surface, which is accompanied by the constriction of the d-band and the emergence of soft phonon modes, plays a leading role in the enhancement of superconductivity of niobium with dislocations.
Investigation of natural circulation by optical methods
Authors: Chekhovich V. Yu. , Podkorytov D. G. , Buturishvili Z. S. , Timkin L. S.
Published: January 2025

The efficiency of a fiber-optic system for detection of the interface boundary in cryogenic liquids is shown. Slug, chum, and wispy-annular regimes of the flow were registered in a vertical channel at natural nitrogen circulation. The void fraction and terminal speed of the vapor phase are measured at the outlet of the test section in the slug regime. The measuring data agree satisfactorily with calculation.
Heat transfer model for developed bubble boiling (DBB)
Authors: Budrik V. V. , Eliseev A. A.
Published: January 2025

A heat transfer model is proposed which interprets and correlates available data on heat transfer in the process of developed bubble boiling (DBB) for a wide variety of liquids from cryogenic to metal ones in the pressure range from the critical to the triple point (for helium, to the λ-point), which includes data with heat flow hysteresis and those on boiling in a liquid film and on surfaces with various roughnesses and capillary-porous coatings. The model allows us to distinguish heat transfer enhancement limits in a new way, to reveal the conditions corresponding to the boiling crisis and the transition to developed boiling, to substantiate the effect of heat exchange surface characteristics, the effect of liquid underheating to the saturation temperature, the effect of bubble formation and vapor withdrawal velocities, and other mode parameters of the boiling fluid.
Calculation of transpiration cooling of a cylindrical porous wall
Authors: Babenko V. A.
Published: January 2025

In the available theoretical works the heat transfer equations for a porous wall are mainly solved numerically. Nevertheless, the large intraporous heat transfer coefficient allows the asymptotic matched expansion method to be used for obtaining an approximate solution applicable for the entire wall thickness in the majority of practically important cases.
Effect of a centrifugal field on heat transfer crisis in rotating channels with boiling nitrogen
Authors: Zhukov V. M. , Slavinskii Yu. G.
Published: January 2025

Experimental results for local heat transfer and nitrogen boiling crisis in channels which rotate around an axis parallel to its own are presented. The effect of acceleration of the system on the value of the limited quality is discovered.
Nitrogen and argon boiling crisis in channels with natural circulation
Authors: Balashov E. V. , Klimenko A. V. , Zvonarev A. K.
Published: January 2025

Experimental data on nitrogen and argon boiling crisis under natural circulation conditions in copper and stainless steel tubes of different diameters and length are presented. The first type of heat transfer crisis is proved based on experimental measurements of the flow rate of nitrogen. The relationship describing the available data on nitrogen, argon, and hydrogen boiling crisis with a scatter of ± 20% was obtained.
Carrier transfer kinetics, phase transition and fluctuation-enhanced phenomena in YBa2Cu3Ox
Authors: Obolenskii M. A. , Bondarenko A. V. , Beletskii V. I. , Morgun V. N. , Popov V. N. , Chebotaev N. N. , Svechkarev I. V. , Panfilov A. S. , Smirnov A. A. , Mironov O. A. , Chistyakov S. V. , Skrilev I. Yu.
Published: January 2025

The temperature dependences of electrical resistivity, thermoelectric power, magnetic susceptibility, thermal expansion coefficient, upper and lower critical fields, critical currents on Y1Ba2Cu3Ox (x = 6,9) single crystals and temperature dependences of Young’s modulus and internal friction on samples of Y1Ba2Cu3Ox melts were measured. The results show that Y1Ba2CuO3 undergoes a phase transition at 50, 150, and 220 K which influences both electron and lattice characteristics. The observed temperature dependences of electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility indicate the fluctuation carriers above the critical temperature. The results are in good agreement with the Aslamazov–Larkin theory.
Electronic structure of high-T
c compounds obtained from photoemission
Authors: Steiner P. , Sander I. , Hüfner S.
Published: January 2025

The results of valence band and core-level photoemission on high-Tc compounds obtained by many groups is reviewed, and the implications of these data for the electronic structure of these materials are discussed. Recent data on Bi1.75Pb0.25Sr2Can–1CunO4+2n (n = 1,2,3) are also presented. First we concentrate on the electronic states near and at EF, which are most important for understanding the transport properties of these outstanding materials.
Gap harmonic structure in the point-contact spectra of SmBa2Cu3O7–δ films
Authors: Akimenko A. I. , Ponomarenko N. M. , Gudimenko V. A. , Yanson I. K. , Samueli P. , Kus P.
Published: January 2025

It is shown that the oscillating voltage bias dependence of the differential resistance of point contacts (Cu–SmBa2Cu3O7–δ) is a harmonic gap structure of several energy gaps. The energy gaps can be accounted for by the presence of clusters with varying oxygen contents in the area of contact. The dependence of the energy gap on temperature is not consistent with the BCS theory, and 2Δ/kTc ≈ 6–8. The harmonic gap structure is found to be significantly affected by the weak magnetic field.
Photoemission study of electron-doped superconducting cuprates
Authors: Grassmann A. , Schlötterer J. , Klauda M. , Ströbel J. , Saemann-lschenko G. S.
Published: January 2025

We present photoemission data of n-type superconducting Re2–xCexCuO4–δ (Re = Pr, Nd, and Sm) and Nd2CuO4–y Fy. An XPS study of Cu core levels reveals that by doping with F, charge carriers of predominantly Cu 3d-character are induced. Further, the O 2p-band, hybridzed with the Cu 3d-band, is narrower and shifted towards higher binding energies compared with p-type high-Tc superconductors. The Re elements are trivalent with decreasing hybridization between the 4f-electrons with an O 2p-band at EB = 4 eV.
Stability of the 123 phase in La–Ba–Cu–O systems
Authors: Rosenberg G. Kh. , Alekhina T. F. , Itskovich R. Yu. , Mateichenko P. V. , Shevtsova T. A.
Published: January 2025

The formation and decomposition processes and the temperature range of stability of the 123 phase in the system Ln–Ba–Cu–O, where Ln = Gd, Y, Yb, and Tm, have been investigated. The temperatures of formation and decomposition of the 123 phase in air (Tf and Td) have been defined for all the mentioned RE elements. It has been shown that in a number of systems the compound LnBa2Cu3Oy is stable in a narrow temperature range Tf−Td, for the limits of which a reversible equilibrium LnBa2Cu3Oy ± O2 ⇄ Ln2BaCuO5 + BaCuO2 + CuO is typical. The stability range depends on the radius of the lanthanoid ion and the oxygen pressure during annealing of the compound.
State delocalization for copper and oxygen in HTSC doped by isoelectronic oxygen analogs
Authors: Bondarenko A. V. , Golovkina I. F. , Dedik S. G. , Dobrotvorskaya M. V. , Krivoshei I. V. , Obolensky M. A. , Poltoratsky Yu. B.
Published: January 2025

The X-ray photoelectron spectra, resistivity, and magnetic susceptibility were studied when the labile oxygen of a HTSC was replaced by sulfur, selenium, or tellurium. Such substitution breaks down the superconducting state in YBa2Cu3O7, La1.82Sr0.18CuO4, and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8, preserving the metallic state up to 4.2 K. The X-ray electron spectra show the absolute absence of Cu2+ in contrast to the typical HTSC.
Effect of crystal structure anisotropy of the high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox on its thermal expansion
Authors: Gospodarev I. A. , Isakina A. P. , Prokhvatilov A. I. , Syrkin E. S. , Feodosev S. B.
Published: January 2025

The temperature dependence of the linear thermal expansion coefficient αy(T) of the high-Tc superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox has been studied by X-ray diffraction between 5 and 293 K. In the range 5–293 K, αy(T) (along the b axis) was found to be negative, which for this highly anisotropic structure may be treated on the microscopic level as an indication of the membrane effect predicted by I. M. Lifshitz.
Phonon–phonon relaxation and thermoelectric effects in point contacts
Authors: Shkorbatov A. G. , Sarkisyants T. Z.
Published: January 2025

The contribution of phonon-phonon scattering to point-contact thermoelectric effects (quenching of phonon drag thermo-emf and asymmetry in heat release in a symmetric point contact) is considered. The effective lengths of phonon relaxation due to normal processes lNc and umklapp processes lUc in the point contact are calculated for d≪lNc,lUc (d is the contact diameter). If the main relaxation mechanism is the nonelectron scattering of phonons of length lph, the quantities describing point-contact thermoelectric effects contain the parameter lph/lph-e (lph-e is the phonon-electron scattering length). However, the drag thermo-emf in a point contact and in a bulk conductor is not compensated completely as long as the electron transport in the point contact remains ballistic. The point-contact asymmetry of heat release Qa is also determined by the phonon scattering mechanism so that Qa ∼ min lph−ph,lph−e,dlph−e−1Qps (Qps is the asymmetry with dominating phonon-electron relaxation).
On the effect of inelastic interband scattering on the properties of “high-temperature” oscillations (HTO)
Authors: Bogod Yu. A. , Krasovitskii Vit. B.
Published: January 2025

The temperature dependence of the amplitude ρ˜ of HTO for the diagonal and nondiagonal components of the magnetoresistance tensor of bismuth and Bi1–xSbx (x = 0.75 and 1.7 at.%) alloys is studied in the temperature range 5–40 K. It is found that the ρ˜(T) dependence can be described quite well by the function τim−1+τepm−1exp(−αT), where τepm−1∝expΘm/T−1−1Θm = ℏSqm/KB = 37 K, α = 0.22 deg−1, and qm is the phonon wave vector corresponding to the separation between the characteristic points [Yu. A. Bogod, Fiz. Nizk.Temp. 12, 1004 (1986)] of the electron and hole branches of the spectrum. The ratios τim−1/τepm−1 of the probabilities of elastic and inelastic interband scattering of charge carriers in bismuth and Bi1−xSbx alloys have been borrowed from the existing data in the literature. The obtained results are compared with the theoretical HTO models [Yu. A. Bogod, Fiz. Nizk. Temp. 12, 1004 (1986); Yu. A. Bogod, L. Yu. Gorelik, and A. A. Slutskin, Fiz. Nizk. Temp. 13, 626 (1987); V. M. Polyanovskii, Pis’ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 46, 108 (1987); Ukr. Fiz. Zh. 33, 1575 (1988); Ukr. Fiz. Zh. 34, 459 (1989)].
Influence of surface state on the Hall effect in thin tungsten samples
Authors: Motrich V. A. , Ostroukhov Yu. S. , Panchenko O. A.
Published: January 2025

The influence of the surface state and temperature on Hall effect is studied experimentally in a thin sample of a compensated metal (Wo). The connection between the nondiagonal (Hall) components of the resistivity tensor and the scattering of charge carriers in planes oriented at right angles to the external magnetic field is established.
Thermodynamics of domain walls and the phase transition in the d-dimensional one-component φ4-model
Authors: Rutkevich S. B.
Published: January 2025

The possibility of phase transition associated with spontaneous formation of domain walls is investigated in the classical one-component φ4-model on a d-dimensional (d ≥ 2) lattice in the continuous limit (the lattice spacing is much smaller than the correlation length at zero temperature). It is shown that such a transition does not occur at any temperature with the exception, perhaps, of the vicinity of the diplacement phase transition temperature.
On the possibility of deuteron superfluidity associated with hydrogen dissolution in metals
Authors: Kosevich A. M.
Published: January 2025

The possibility of existence of a new type of superfluidity of the deuteron system in a metal with the number of dissolved deuterium atoms comparable with the number of atoms of the metal is discussed. If we assume that the Bose condensation of deuterons (bosons) occurs when their number density is large, the transition of the d-system to the superfluid state is possible in principle. Since deuterons are charged, such a superfluidity will be accompanied by a peculiar superconductivity.
Acoustic vibrations in heavy-electron conductors
Authors: Akhiezer I. A. , Belozorov D. P. , Spol’nik Z. A.
Published: January 2025

The specific features of acoustic vibrations in conductors with heavy electrons (HE) are considered in terms of the jelly model. It is shown that such conductors, which are similar in composition and density but have different HE masses, may have different values of the velocity of sound. If the Fermi velocity of HE is comparable with the velocity of sound (but is not higher), a strong damping of acoustic vibrations due to their resonance interaction with HE can be expected.
The phonon spectrum of a one-dimensional two-component quasiperiodic crystal
Authors: Gumen L. N. , Usatenko O. V.
Published: January 2025

The properties of a one-dimensional quasicrystal consisting of two species of atoms with masses m and M and constants k and K of elastic interaction between nearest neighbors are investigated. The number of states of low-frequency oscillations is calculated analytically as well as the dependence of the maximum oscillation frequency on lattice parameters. The spectra of quasicrystals are classified in the limit of strongly differing masses and elastic constants, and five different limiting types of spectra are found to exist.
Local plasma modes in superlattices
Authors: Gvozdikov V. M.
Published: January 2025

The plasma oscillation spectrum is investigated for superlattices and layered crystals with a “defect” layer in which the number density n of electrons and/or their effective mass differ from the corresponding values for the remaining layers in the superlattice. It is shown that this system is characterized, in addition to bulk plasmons, by new branches of plasma oscillations localized in the defect layer. In this case, either the acoustic Ωl(q) or optical ΩL(q) mode (q is the wave vector lying in the plane of the layer) is realized depending on the magnitude and sign of the order parameter Δ = δ (m*/n)n/m*. When Δ > 0, the Ωl mode exists for any value of | Δ | and is located below the spectral band corresponding to bulk plasmons. The ΩL mode exists when Δ < 0 (and only when | Δ | < l/(2π)) and is located above the spectral band of bulk plasmons. A relation between the Green’s function of a plasmon in the superlattice and the transfer matrix is obtained. It is used for analyzing the plasma spectrum of the final superlattice. The parameter δ whose sign determines the local mode type is defined as δ (m */n) = m*/n—m*d/nd. The index d marks the quantities corresponding to the “defect” layer.
Elastic spectroscopy of electron–phonon interaction in superconductor–normal metal point contacts
Authors: Khotkevich A. V. , Khotkevich V. V. , Yanson I. K. , Kamarchuk G. V.
Published: January 2025

The theoretically predicted effect of nonlinear behavior of the current–voltage characteristic of a superconductor–normal metal point contact is observed experimentally. This effect is associated with the manifestation of the energy spectrum renormalization for the superconductor in the elastic component of the current in the case of a strong electron–phonon interaction. The measurements are made for contacts between lead and monocrystalline ruthenium (or osmium). The experimental results are compared with the results of calculation of the theoretically expected effect.
Transparency of thin plates upon multichannel reflection of electrons at the sample boundary
Authors: Kirichenko O. V. , Peschanskii V. G.
Published: January 2025

The high-frequency electromagnetic field distribution in a thin metal layer in a constant magnetic field H is determined under the anomalous skin effect with an antisymmetric excitation of electromagnetic waves. An oscillating field dependence of the impedance and transparency of thin plates is predicted. This dependence is associated with the emergence of a weakly attenuating wave caused by Umklapp processes on the conductor surface.
On temperature anomalies in magnetoelectric and magnetic susceptibilities of Ni–I boracite
Authors: Chupis I. E.
Published: January 2025

It is shown that the anomalous temperature dependence of magnetoelectric and magnetic susceptibilities of Ni–I boracite can be explained by using the Landau theory of phase transitions. The temperature anomalies include the sign reversal and a negative magnetoelectric susceptibility peak near the phase transition temperature and also a magnetic susceptibility minimum in the magnetically ordered phase.
Chemical-state imaging of a mammalian cell through multi-elemental soft x-ray spectro-ptychography
Authors: Sakurai Kai , Takeo Yoko , Takaramoto Shunki , Furuya Noboru , Yoshinaga Kyota , Shimamura Takenori , O'Neal Jordan T. , Nakata Yu , Egawa Satoru , Yoshimi Kazuyoshi , Ohashi Haruhiko , Mimura Hidekazu , Harada Yoshihisa , Inoue Keiichi , Shimura Mari , Kimura Takashi
Published: January 2025

Soft x-ray spectro-ptychography is a high-resolution chemical state imaging technique and has significant potential for the analysis of light-element-rich samples such as biological cells. We measured hyperspectral images of a whole mammalian neuronal cell at the nitrogen and oxygen absorption edges with soft x rays using the achromatic ptychography system CARROT developed at SPring-8 BL07LSU. We visualized and classified the intracellular structures based on the difference of chemical states, which are difficult to recognize in a monochromatic image. The method is expected to give insight into the relationship between intracellular structures and chemical states.
Australians’ perceptions of species diversity of, and threats to, the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Taylor Jarrah , Litchfield Carla , Le Busque Brianna
Published: January 2025

Context The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is under threat from multiple anthropogenic activities such as tourism and climate change. Understanding participants’ knowledge about the GBR can encourage conservation of the GBR. Aim This study investigated what participants, whom were all Australian, know about the GBR, the species that reside there and the threats to the GBR ecosystem. Methods Participants (n = 113), recruited by social media, completed a short online survey that included four open-ended items exploring various aspects of GBR knowledge. Key results Results indicated that participants identified a range of threats to GBR, that fell into broad categories of environmental and social impacts. Results also showed that the most common broad taxa identified were fish, coral and reptiles, and that clown fish were the most common specific GBR species identified. Conclusions In conclusion, this study has provided evidence of limited knowledge of species that live in the GBR, and basic broad knowledge of threats to the GBR. Implications This study has contributed new insights regarding knowledge of GBR and recognition of animals that live in the GBR to show where public awareness campaigns should be focused and highlighted avenues for future research.
Blue Ocean Strategy to Develop a Competitive Advantage in the Guesthouse Sector in the Maldives
Authors: Shaheer Ismail
Published: January 2025

The introduction of guesthouses in the Maldives, deviating from the traditional one-island-one-resort model, carved out a new segment in the market. This shift opened up significant business opportunities for locals, as starting a guesthouse required far less capital than developing a hotel or resort. Consequently, the guesthouse sector expanded rapidly, driven by the increased demand from budget-conscious tourists who previously could not afford holidays in the Maldives. However, as this sector flourished, it faced fierce internal competition, with minimal differentiation among offerings. This context sets the stage for examining how Luau Beach Inn created a distinct competitive approach in the rapidly expanding guesthouse market of the Maldives islands using the Blue Ocean Strategy.

Information

© The Author 2025
Periductal fibroblasts participate in liver homeostasis, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis
Authors: Wang Shan-Shan , Yuan Jia , Tang Xinyu Thomas , Yin Xiujuan , Fang Ke , Chen Lin Veronica , Ren Zhenggang , Zhou Bo O.
Published: January 2025

Hepatic fibroblasts comprise groups of stromal cells in the liver that are phenotypically distinct from hepatic stellate cells. However, their physiology is poorly understood. By single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified Cd34 and Dpt as hepatic fibroblast–specific genes. Cd34-CreER labeled periportal-venous and periductal fibroblasts, but few pericentral-venous fibroblasts. Cd34+ fibroblasts generated ∼25% of myofibroblasts in periportal fibrosis and ∼40% of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Myofibroblast formation by Cd34+ fibroblasts required Tgfbr2. Depletion of Cd34+ fibroblasts increased the frequency of the ductal epithelial cells under homeostasis and accelerated the progression of ICC. Dpt-CreER labeled periportal- and pericentral-venous fibroblasts, but much less periductal fibroblasts. Dpt+ cells generated ∼15% of myofibroblasts in periportal fibrosis, but few myofibroblasts in pericentral fibrosis or CAFs in ICC. Thus, an orthogonal combination of Cd34-CreER and Dpt-CreER dissected the fates of periductal, periportal-venous, and pericentral-venous fibroblasts. Both periductal and periportal-venous fibroblasts contribute to liver fibrosis. Periductal fibroblasts also contribute to ductal homeostasis and ICC progression.
Binding energy and optical properties of core/shell ellipsoidal quantum dots under electric field
Authors: Han Li-Zhi , Shi Lei
Published: January 2025

We have studied the binding energy and optical properties of a donor impurity, including optical absorption coefficients (ACs), refractive index changes (RICs), and photoionization cross section (PCS) in a triaxial core/shell ellipsoidal quantum dot (QD) under an electric field. The results show that, the influence of the QD shape on the binding energy is dependent on the impurity position, the shape anisotropy can decrease or increases the binding energy. The influence of electric field on the binding energy is dependent on its direction due to the shape anisotropy. The influence of QD shape on the ACs and RICs is strongly dependent on the impurity position and becomes largest for on-center impurity. By contrast, the influence of QD shape on the peak position of PCS becomes largest when the impurity is located at the boundary of the QD, while its influence on the peak intensity is more complex. In addition, due to the shape anisotropy, the effect of electric field on the optical properties of QD is dependent on its direction.
Preface
Authors: Ning Dezhi
Published: January 2025

The 4th International Conference on Energy Material and Energy Technology (EMET 2024) was successfully held in Haikou, China during November 18-20, 2024.

The conference focused on cutting-edge research and achievements on materials and technologies used in all forms of energy harvesting, conversion and storage. The conference adopted a mixed mode of online and offline, with excellent academic presentations and exchanges, including keynote presentations, invited presentations, oral presentations, and poster presentations, with participants from universities, research institutes, and enterprises in different countries and regions.

The EMET organizing committee extend their sincerest gratitude to all who have supported the conference in their ways, to the authors who have chosen this platform to publish their works and communicate with peers, to the participants who took an interest and attended the conference in person and/or online, to the chairs and committee members who have been indispensable in lending their professional expertise and judgment, to the speakers who generously shared their vision and passion, and to the reviewers who held up the faith of being a scholar and contributed their experience and honest opinions. It has been a pleasure and honor working alongside them, and we look forward to further cooperation with them at future EMET conferences to come.

List of EMET 2024 Committee is available in this pdf.
Enhancing in-situ air injection conversion: catalytic roles of metal oxides in kerogen-rich shale oxidation
Authors: Pu Wanfen , Li Tao , Jin Xing , Liu Renbao
Published: January 2025

In-situ air injection conversion technology represents one of the pivotal methods for developing kerogen-rich shale, wherein catalysts play a crucial role in enhancing the oxidation reaction rate and boosting the development efficiency. This paper systematically investigates the catalytic effects of several metal oxide catalysts (NiO, CoO, Fe2O3, CuO, and MoO3) in the oxidation reactions of kerogen-rich shale through rising temperature oxidation (RTO) experiment, along with the application of the Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW) and Friedman conversion rate model methods. The study aims to provide a reference for the development of oxidation catalysts for kerogen-rich shale. The results indicate that during the rising temperature oxidation process, the shale undergoes three primary reaction stages: Low-temperature oxidation (LTO), Fuel deposition (FD), and High-temperature oxidation (HTO). The addition of NiO effectively reduces the activation energies of the LTO, FD, and HTO stages in shale to 83, 179, and 233 kJ/mol respectively, demonstrating a pronounced catalytic effect. In contrast, CoO and MoO3 decrease the activation energies to 149/170 kJ/mol and 171/229 kJ/mol respectively during the LTO/FD stages. However, introducing Fe2O3 and CuO catalysts significantly increases the oxidation activation energies across all stages, indicating that these two transition metal oxides exert an inhibitory effect on the shale oxidation process. This study preliminarily reveals the catalytic effects of various transition metal catalysts on the oxidation reactions of kerogen-rich shale, offering valuable insights and references for the development of oxidation catalysts for such reservoirs.