bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeted HIV testing at birth supported by low and predictable mother‐to‐child transmission risk in Botswana
Authors: Ibrahim Maryanne , Maswabi Kenneth , Ajibola Gbolahan , Moyo Sikhulile , Hughes Michael D , Batlang Oganne , Sakoi Maureen , Auletta‐Young Chloe , Vaughan Laura , Lockman Shahin , Jean‐Philippe Patrick , Yu Xu , Lichterfeld Matthias , Kuritzkes Daniel R , Makhema Joseph , Shapiro Roger L
Published: June 2018

Introduction

Most African countries perform infant HIV testing at 6 weeks or later. The addition of targeted testing at birth may improve retention in care, treatment outcomes and survival for HIV‐infected infants.

Methods

HIV‐exposed infants were screened as part of the Early Infant Treatment (EIT) study in Botswana. Screened infants were ≥35 weeks gestational age and ≥2000 g at birth. Risk factors for mother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) were assessed by maternal obstetric card or verbally. Risk factors included <8 weeks ART in pregnancy, last known CD4 <250 cells/mm3, last known HIV RNA >400 copies/mL, poor maternal ART adherence, lack of maternal zidovudine (ZDV) in labour, or lack of infant post‐exposure prophylaxis. Infants underwent dried blood spot testing by Roche Cobas Ampliprep/Cobas Taqman HIV‐1 qualitative PCR.

Results

From April 2015 to April 2016, 2303 HIV‐exposed infants were tested for HIV in the EIT study. Of these, 369 (16%) were identified as high risk for HIV infection by information available at birth, and 12 (0.5% overall, 3.25% of high risk) were identified as HIV positive at birth. All 12 positive infants were identified as high risk at the time of screening, and only 2 risk factors were required to identify all positive infants: either <8 weeks of maternal ART in pregnancy (75%) or lack of maternal HIV suppression at last test (25%).

Conclusions

In utero
MTCT occurred only among infants identified as high risk at delivery, using information available from the mother or obstetric record. Birth testing that targets high‐risk infants based on maternal ART receipt is likely to identify the majority of in utero
HIV transmissions, and allows early ART initiation for these infants.
Understanding the Determinants of Saving in Ghana: Does Financial Literacy Matter?
Authors: Baidoo Samuel Tawiah , Boateng Elliot , Amponsah Mary
Published: June 2018

Domestic savings remain low in Ghana despite several attempts to improve this situation. Whereas existing studies on private savings have identified several determinants, the role of financial literacy in saving decisions has not been explored. In this paper, we build on existing studies and provide evidence supporting our hypothesis that financial literacy is key to promoting domestic saving. The study relies mainly on primary data, and the binary probit regression model is employed as the estimation technique. Our results show that improving financial literacy among Ghanaians should be incorporated into the broad policy package aimed at increasing domestic saving which is a prerequisite for investment and subsequently sustainable economic growth. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring Creativity with Planned Missing Data
Authors: Fürst Guillaume
Published: June 2018

This paper introduces a method for the assessment of creativity that relies on creativity tasks, a subjective evaluation procedure, and a planned missing data design that offers a drastic reduction in the overall implementation costs (administration time and scoring procedure). This method was tested on a sample of 149 people, using three creativity tasks as a basis. Participants were instructed to produce several ideas in each task and then to select what they considered to be their best two ideas (i.e., “Top 2” procedure; Silvia, Winterstein, Willse, Barona, et al.,Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts,2, 2008 and 68). These ideas were then evaluated by a panel of peers and experts. Creativity ratings were analyzed with structural equations; measurement models were estimated for each task and correlations between factor‐scores across the three tasks were investigated. Further insights regarding validity are provided through systematic investigation of the relationship between fluency scores, creativity ratings, intelligence tasks, self‐reported idea generation abilities, and creative activities and achievements. Overall, the results support the viability of this new approach, providing evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. They are discussed in relation to past research and avenues for further extension are proposed.
Polyphenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of legume‐based swards are affected by light intensity in a Mediterranean agroforestry system
Authors: Re Giovanni A , Piluzza Giovanna , Sanna Federico , Molinu Maria G , Sulas Leonardo
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

In Mediterranean grazed woodlands, microclimate changes induced by trees influence the growth and development of the understory, although very little is known about its polyphenolic composition in relation to light intensity. We investigated the bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of different legume‐based swards and variations as a result of full sunlight and partial shade. The research was carried out in a cork oak agrosilvopastoral system in Sardinia.

RESULTS

The highest values of (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl) (DPPH) reached 7 mmol Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity 100 g−1 dry weight (DW), total phenolics 67.1 g gallic acid equivalent kg−1 DW and total flavonoids 7.5 g catechin equivalent kg−1 DW. Compared to full sunlight, partial shade reduced DPPH values by 29% and 42%, and the total phenolic content by 23% and 53% in 100% legume mixture and semi‐natural pasture, respectively. Twelve phenolic compounds were detected: chlorogenic acid in 80% legume mixture (partial shade) and verbascoside in pure sward of bladder clover (full sunlight) were the most abundant.

CONCLUSION

Light intensity significantly affected antioxidant capacity, composition and levels of phenolic compounds. The results of the present study provide new insights into the effects of light intensity on plant secondary metabolites from legume‐based swards, highlighting the important functions provided by agroforestry systems. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Isolation of nitrite‐degrading strains from Douchi and their application to degrade high nitrite in Jiangshui
Authors: Guo Xing , Liu Bianfang , Gao Lina , Zhou Yuan , Shan Yuanyuan , Lü Xin
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Excessive nitrite in food is potentially harmful to human health because of carcinogenic effects caused by its nitroso‐derivatives. Douchi, which widely distributed throughout the country, is a traditional solid fermented soybean food with low nitrite content.

RESULTS

In this study, bacteria which can degrade nitrite were isolated from Douchi and identified from their 16S rDNA sequences. Acinetobacter guillouiae, Acinetobacter bereziniae, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus tequilensis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus aryabhattai and Bacillus methylotrophicus were selected. It was shown that all strains were able to degrade nitrite to some extent, including Bacillus subtilis NDS1, which was able to degrade 99.41% of nitrite. The enzyme activities of these strains were determined at 24 and 48 h and were shown to correspond with their nitrite degradation rates. The strains were used to inoculate Jiangshui, a kind of traditional fermented vegetable from northwest China that often has a high nitrite content. Of the strains tested, Bacillus subtilis NDS1, Bacillus tequilensis NDS3, Acinetobacter bereziniae NDS4, Bacillus subtilis NDS6, and Bacillus subtilis NDS12 were able to degrade nitrite in Jiangshui more rapidly, with Acinetobacter bereziniae NDS4 degrading almost all nitrite in 48 h compared with 180 h of control.

CONCLUSION

These results indicate that the selected strains have potential to be used as nitrite‐degrading agents in food. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Sensory characterization of juice obtained via rehydration of freeze‐dried and spray‐dried grapefruit
Authors: Martínez‐Navarrete Nuria , Camacho Madel Mar , Agudelo Claudia , Salvador Ana
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

The acceptability of grapefruit juice obtained from rehydrated freeze‐dried and spray‐dried fruit was studied and compared with that of natural freshly squeezed juice and that of a commercial juice. The rheological properties, colour and solute concentration were determined. A sensory evaluation was developed to evaluate juice acceptability. Furthermore, a penalty analysis was used to determine the attributes with improvement potential as well as some CATA (check all that apply) questions, where consumers marked the most characteristic attributes of each sample.

RESULTS

The rehydrated samples were different from the commercial and natural juices. When grapefruit is freeze‐dried or spray‐dried, gum arabic and bamboo fibre are added and part of the fruit pulp is present; this is not so in the other juices under study. This supposes greater viscosity, luminosity and chroma together with a reddish tone of the rehydrated juices, especially the freeze‐dried ones. It also affects their acidity, astringency and sweetness.

CONCLUSION

Rehydrating the freeze‐dried or spray‐dried powder to the level of the natural juice, instead of that of the crushed or liquidized grapefruit, and incorporating sugar at this stage would probably improve the quality of the samples. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
The PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone sensitizes the BH3 mimetic (−)‐gossypol to induce apoptosis in cancer cells with high level of Bcl‐2
Authors: Li Xinzhe , He Jintao , Li Bo , Gao Min , Zeng Yijun , Lian Jiqin , Shi Chunmeng , Huang Yan , He Fengtian
Published: June 2018

The BH3 mimetic (−)‐gossypol (−)‐G has shown promising efficacy to kill several kinds of cancer cells or potentiate current chemotherapeutics. But it induces limited apoptosis in cancer cells with high level of Bcl‐2. The nuclear receptor PPARγ and its agonist rosiglitazone can suppress various malignancies. More importantly, rosiglitazone is able to enhance the anti‐tumor effects of chemotherapy drugs such as carboplatin and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In this study, we for the first time demonstrated that rosiglitazone could sensitize (−)‐G to induce apoptosis in cancer cells with high level of Bcl‐2. Furthermore, we found that (−)‐G increased the mRNA level and protein stability of Mcl‐1, which weakened the pro‐apoptotic effect of (−)‐G. Rosiglitazone attenuated the (−)‐G‐induced Mcl‐1 stability through decreasing JNK phosphorylation. Additionally, rosiglitazone upregulated dual‐specificity phosphatase 16 (DUSP16), leading to a reduction of (−)‐G‐triggered JNK phosphorylation. Animal experiments showed that rosiglitazone could sensitize (−)‐G to repress the growth of cancer cells with high level of Bcl‐2 in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that the PPARγ agonists may enhance the therapeutic effect of BH3 mimetics in cancers with high level of Bcl‐2 through regulating the DUSP16/JNK/Mcl‐1 singling pathway. This study may provide novel insights into the cancer therapeutics based on the combination of PPARγ agonists and BH3 mimetics.
Are (active) entrepreneurs a different breed?
Authors: Jiang Bing , Capra C. Monica
Published: June 2018

We present data from an incentivized online experiment and responses from a set of validated psychological questionnaires to measure entrepreneurs' risk and time preferences and to identify entrepreneurs' personality characteristics. The analyses of the data suggest that intrinsic motivation positively relates to the likelihood of owning a business (i.e., being an active entrepreneur). We also found that subjects who scored higher on drive were relatively more risk seeking while those who scored higher on pessimism were more patient. The results of our study highlight the importance of studying personality traits to better understand what drives people to own a business.
A continuous arc delivery optimization algorithm for CyberKnife m6
Authors: Kearney Vasant , Descovich Martina , Sudhyadhom Atchar , Cheung Joey P. , McGuinness Christopher , Solberg Timothy D.
Published: June 2018

Purpose

This study aims to reduce the delivery time of CyberKnife m6 treatments by allowing for noncoplanar continuous arc delivery. To achieve this, a novel noncoplanar continuous arc delivery optimization algorithm was developed for the CyberKnife m6 treatment system (CyberArc‐m6).

Methods and Materials

CyberArc‐m6 uses a five‐step overarching strategy, in which an initial set of beam geometries is determined, the robotic delivery path is calculated, direct aperture optimization is conducted, intermediate MLC configurations are extracted, and the final beam weights are computed for the continuous arc radiation source model. This algorithm was implemented on five prostate and three brain patients, previously planned using a conventional step‐and‐shoot CyberKnife m6 delivery technique. The dosimetric quality of the CyberArc‐m6 plans was assessed using locally confined mutual information (LCMI), conformity index (CI), heterogeneity index (HI), and a variety of common clinical dosimetric objectives.

Results

Using conservative optimization tuning parameters, CyberArc‐m6 plans were able to achieve an average CI difference of 0.036 ± 0.025, an average HI difference of 0.046 ± 0.038, and an average LCMI of 0.920 ± 0.030 compared with the original CyberKnife m6 plans. Including a 5 s per minute image alignment time and a 5‐min setup time, conservative CyberArc‐m6 plans achieved an average treatment delivery speed up of 1.545x ± 0.305x compared with step‐and‐shoot plans.

Conclusions

The CyberArc‐m6 algorithm was able to achieve dosimetrically similar plans compared to their step‐and‐shoot CyberKnife m6 counterparts, while simultaneously reducing treatment delivery times.
Direkt ins Gerät
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian
Published: June 2018

Wissenschaftler am Leibniz‐Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften in Dortmund erzeugen über dielektrisch behinderte Entladung kaltes Plasma. Es bringt als Ionenquelle Analyten direkt ins Massen‐ oder Ionenmobilitätsspektrometer, ohne die Moleküle dabei zu zerlegen.
Khorana und das Kupplungsreagenz DCC
Authors: Jaeger Rolf
Published: June 2018

Vor 50 Jahren erhielt der indisch‐US‐amerikanische Chemiker Har Gobind Khorana den Nobelpreis für Physiologie oder Medizin für seine Leistungen bei der Aufklärung des genetischen Codes. Dabei half ihm das Kupplungsreagenz Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid (DCC).
Regionales FCI‐Stipendiaten‐Treffen in Regensburg
Authors: Maier Thomas M.
Published: June 2018

Anfang März trafen sich 15 Stipendiaten des Fonds der Chemischen Industrie aus Erlangen, Bayreuth und Regensburg auf Einladung von Robert Wolf, Professor für anorganische Chemie, an der Universität Regensburg.
Nachwachsende Gliedmaßen
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: June 2018

Bei vielen Amphibien und manchen Fischen wachsen amputierte Körperteile nach. Drei Genomuntersuchungen bei Künstlern der Selbstreparatur versprechen nun Einblicke in dieses Phänomen und Grundlagen, um es in der Medizin zu nutzen.
Mehr Mittel für Forschung
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke
Published: June 2018

In Deutschland steigen die Ausgaben für Bildung und Wissenschaft. Trotzdem gibt es nicht genug Geld für Lehre, sagt der Hochschulverband.
Diagnosis and management of chronic and refractory immune cytopenias in children, adolescents, and young adults
Authors: Rotz Seth J. , Ware Russell E. , Kumar Ashish
Published: June 2018

Children, adolescents, and young adults with chronic refractory autoimmune cytopenias represent a rare but challenging group of patients, who are managed frequently by pediatric hematologists. Novel diagnostic tests and genomic discoveries are refining historical diagnoses of Evans syndrome and common variable immunodeficiency, while also elucidating the cellular and molecular basis for these disorders. Genetic characterization of chronic and refractory autoimmune cytopenias has led to targeted therapies with improved clinical outcomes and fewer off‐target toxicities. In this review, we focus on the appropriate diagnostic workup, expanded genetic testing, and novel treatment opportunities that are available for these challenging patients.
A multiyear quality improvement project to increase influenza vaccination in a pediatric oncology population undergoing active therapy
Authors: Olshefski Randal S. , Bibart Mindy , Frost Randall , Wood Eric , Hampl Joshua , Mangum Ross , Ardura Monica , Guinipero Terri , Cripe Timothy P.
Published: June 2018

Background

In an effort to reduce morbidity and mortality from vaccine preventable influenza infection, national consensus guidelines recommend vaccination of patients who are immunocompromised as a result of receiving cancer therapy. Quality improvement (QI) processes are a proven method used to improve vaccination rates.

Procedure

We conducted a QI initiative aimed at increasing influenza vaccination in oncology patients undergoing active treatment. Primary drivers for the project focused on patient education, staff and provider education, and communication regarding vaccine‐eligible patients. We performed a retrospective analysis of influenza infection among the vaccine‐eligible population. This approach has validity at our institution because of the consistent follow‐up and hospital admission pattern of cancer patients on active therapy such that nearly all follow‐up care is delivered at our institution.

Results

We successfully achieved greater than 87% vaccination of eligible patients each vaccine season (September to March). During the recommended timeframe for delivering influenza vaccine between September and December of each vaccine season, we offered the vaccine to 100% of patients on active therapy and vaccinated >90%. Barriers to success, including vaccine refusals, increased late in the vaccine season. Influenza infection was documented in 0.5–7.3% of the vaccine‐eligible group.

Conclusion

A robust influenza vaccination program implemented using a standardized QI approach can sustain a high vaccination rate in a pediatric oncology population receiving active treatment. The influenza infection rate was under 10% in the vaccinated group.
Preparation and properties of PVA films using hydroxyalkylformamides as the plasticizers
Authors: Dai Hongguang , Wang Juan , Wang Lirong
Published: June 2018

N,N‐Bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)formamide, N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)formamide (HF), N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐N‐methylformamide, and N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)formamide were used as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) plasticizers to prepare PVA films by casting method. The four synthesized compounds were hydroxyalkylformamides (HAF). Fourier‐transform infrared spectra demonstrated that hydrogen bond interaction between the new plasticizers HAF and PVA occurred. The crystallinity of PVA and PVA film was characterized by X‐ray diffraction. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that HAF could decrease the melting point (Tm) of PVA. For PVA films with the same weight content plasticizer, the lower the molecular mass of plasticizer was, the lower the Tm of PVA was. The Tm of HF‐plasticized PVA was lower than that of traditional glycerol‐plasticized PVA. Generally, water‐vapor resistance of HAF‐plasticized PVA film was better than that of glycerol‐plasticized PVA film. The mechanical properties of PVA films stored at different relative humidity were studied. HAF were effective plasticizers for PVA. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:E145–E150, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Health‐related quality of life and psychological distress among cancer survivors in a middle‐income country
Authors: Subramaniam Shridevi , Kong Yek‐Ching , Chinna Karuthan , Kimman Merel , Ho Yan‐Zheng , Saat Nadiah , Malik Rozita Abdul , Taib Nur Aishah , Abdullah Matin Mellor , Lim Gerard Chin‐Chye , Tamin Nor‐Saleha Ibrahim , Woo Yin‐Ling , Chang Kian‐Meng , Goh Pik‐Pin , Yip Cheng‐Har , Bhoo‐Pathy Nirmala
Published: June 2018

Objectives

Quality of life and psychological well‐being are important patient‐centered outcomes, which are useful in evaluation of cancer care delivery. However, evidence from low‐income and middle‐income countries remains scarce. We assessed health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and prevalence of psychological distress (anxiety or depression), as well as their predictors, among cancer survivors in a middle‐income setting.

Methods

Through the Association of Southeast Asian Nations Costs in Oncology study, 1490 newly diagnosed cancer patients were followed‐up in Malaysia for 1 year. Health‐related quality of life was assessed by using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ‐C30) and EuroQol‐5 (EQ‐5D) dimension questionnaires at baseline, 3 and 12 months. Psychological distress was assessed by using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Data were modeled by using general linear and logistic regressions analyses.

Results

One year after diagnosis, the mean EORTC QLQ‐C30 Global Health score of the cancer survivors remained low at 53.0 over 100 (SD 21.4). Fifty‐four percent of survivors reported at least moderate levels of anxiety, while 27% had at least moderate levels of depression. Late stage at diagnosis was the strongest predictor of low HRQoL. Increasing age, being married, high‐income status, hospital type, presence of comorbidities, and chemotherapy administration were also associated with worse HRQoL. The significant predictors of psychological distress were cancer stage and hospital type.

Conclusion

Cancer survivors in this middle‐income setting have persistently impaired HRQoL and high levels of psychological distress. Development of a holistic cancer survivorship program addressing wider aspects of well‐being is urgently needed in our settings.
Peptidomic analysis of endogenous plasma peptides from patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Kay Richard G. , Challis Benjamin G. , Casey Ruth T. , Roberts Geoffrey P. , Meek Claire L. , Reimann Frank , Gribble Fiona M.
Published: June 2018

Rationale

Diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours requires the study of patient plasma with multiple immunoassays, using multiple aliquots of plasma. The application of mass spectrometry based techniques could reduce the cost and amount of plasma required for diagnosis.

Methods

Plasma samples from two patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours were extracted using an established acetonitrile‐based plasma peptide enrichment strategy. The circulating peptidome was characterised using nano and high flow rate liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analyses. To assess the diagnostic potential of the analytical approach, a large sample batch (68 plasmas) from control subjects, and aliquots from subjects harbouring two different types of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (insulinoma and glucagonoma), were analysed using a 10‐min LC/MS peptide screen.

Results

The untargeted plasma peptidomics approach identified peptides derived from the glucagon prohormone, chromogranin A, chromogranin B and other peptide hormones and proteins related to control of peptide secretion. The glucagon prohormone derived peptides that were detected were compared against putative peptides that were identified using multiple antibody pairs against glucagon peptides. Comparison of the plasma samples for relative levels of selected peptides showed clear separation between the glucagonoma and the insulinoma and control samples.

Conclusions

The combination of the organic solvent extraction methodology with high flow rate analysis could potentially be used to aid diagnosis and monitor treatment of patients with functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. However, significant validation will be required before this approach can be clinically applied.
82‐2: Substrate‐Free Flexible Electronics Manufacturing by Weak Bonding Method
Authors: Ke Tsung-Ying , Lee Chih-Tsung , Cheng Kuei-Ning , Su Wei-Jen , Kang Ting , Wang Wan-Tsang , Liu Chun-Hsin , Lin Yu-Hsin
Published: June 2018

By using weak bonding method, a flexible electronics either of organic or inorganic substrate formed on a rigid carrier glass can be directly separated from the carrier glass, with protection film‐assisted, by mechanical de‐bonding method. Without PI substrate, multi‐advantages are demonstrated for flexible OLED display production.
81‐3: Effects of Flexoelectricity and Ion on the Flicker of Fringe Field Switching Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Jiang Yingfei , Zhou Xiaochen , Qin Guangkui , Xu Xiaoguang , Lee SeungHee , Yang Deng-Ke
Published: June 2018

Although LCDs are the leading technology for flat panel displays, their energy efficiency is low. One way to improve the energy efficiency is to decrease the driving frequency when static images are displayed. As the driving frequency is decreased, the transmittance of the display may vary with time, known as flickering. We carried out both experimental and simulation studies to investigate the origins that cause the flickering problem. Our results show that flexoelectric effect caused by non‐uniform liquid crystal director configurations and ions in the liquid crystal are the main factors responsible for the flickering. We quantitatively analyzed the flickering caused by the two factors.
P‐15: The Use of Fluorination to Enhance the Performance and the Reliability of Elevated‐Metal Metal‐Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Xia Zhihe , Lu Lei , Li Jiapeng , Kwok Hoi-Sing , Wong Man
Published: June 2018

The effects of fluorination on elevated‐metal metal‐oxide (EMMO) thin‐film transistors (TFT) were investigated. Attributed to the effective passivation of defects in the metal oxide, both the scalability and the reliability were enhanced on fluorinated indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (IGZO) and indium‐tin‐zinc oxide (ITZO) EMMO TFTs.
P‐25: OLED Displays with a Specialized Pixel Circuit for Automotive Applications
Authors: Nonaka Yoshihiro , Yanase Jiro , Shimoda Masamichi , Matsueda Youichiro , Mori Shigeru , Tanabe Hiroshi , Shigemura Koji
Published: June 2018

A 4.2 inch. OLED display which shows high luminance of peak‐white over 800 cd/m2 has been developed for automotive application. A specialized pixel circuit is proposed to drive OLEDs by current range over 1 µA and reset OLEDs within one frame.
P‐44: Study on the Factor Affecting the Stress Reliability of GOA
Authors: Du Ruifang , Ma Xiaoye , Ma Rui , Gu Xiaofang , Zhang Donghui , Liu Guodong , Lv Fengzhen , Wang Zhangtao , Shao Xibin , Xue Hailin
Published: June 2018

We fabricated different products with different GOA (Gate driver On Array) designs and did long‐term reliability experiments. Subsequently, we proposed some design suggestions to enhance the reliability of GOA, such as, noise reduction before and after one frame with total reset signal, reset the end unit with total reset signal, and the discharge of active area separated from GOA unit.
P‐47: An OLEDoS Pixel Circuit with Extended Data Voltage Range for High Resolution Micro‐Displays
Authors: Huo Xinxin , Liao Congwei , Wu Jixiang , Yi Shuiping , Wang Ying , Jiao Hailong , Zhang Min , Zhang Shengdong
Published: June 2018

A new OLEDoS pixel circuit is proposed for high resolution micro‐displays with improved image quality. The data voltage range is extended by using two coupling capacitors to raise the voltage at the source electrode of the driving transistor. Furthermore, the image quality is improved by a compensation scheme of the threshold voltage variation of the driving transistor. The simulations on the basis of CSMC 0.25 µm CMOS model are used to verify the performance of the proposed pixel circuit. It is shown that the data voltage of the proposed pixel circuit ranges from 1.5 V to 3.05 V, which is 2.5 times of that of the conventional 2T1C pixel circuit. The emission current error is decreased to −2.6% ~ 2.6% with ±5 mV threshold voltage variation of the driving transistor for the proposed circuit.
P‐48: Integrated a‐IGZO TFT Gate Driver with Programmable Output for AMOLED Display
Authors: Wang Ying , Liao Congwei , Ma Yihua , Wu Jixiang , Yi Shuiping , Huo Xinxin , Zhang Min , Zhang Shengdong
Published: June 2018

An a‐IGZO TFTs integrated gate driver with programmable output waveform for AMOLED display is proposed by shared input shift registers and output stages of multiple clock‐follower structure. The driver provides not only multiple scan and control signals for internal compensation, but also extended scan pulses for external compensation.
P‐50: Effects of Fabrication Process Variation on the Operation of OLED Pixel Circuit
Authors: Choi KwangHyun , Sohn YoungHa , Moon GeumJu , Park KeeChan , Yoon Sukin , Jeong Il Hwa , Youn Hyung-Jin
Published: June 2018

Non‐uniform parasitic capacitance at the storage node of OLED pixel circuit varies the gate‐to‐source voltage of driving transistor and therefore leads to brightness variation. Both the charging speed of the capacitance during threshold voltage compensation and the capacitive coupling effects from switching signal lines can be different due to the parasitic capacitance variation. We report how the parasitic capacitance varies due to overlay misalignment and line width deviation during the fabrication process. We also report how the capacitance variation affects the emission current of OLED pixel.
73‐2: Invited Paper: High‐Performance Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes and their Challenges
Authors: Acharya Krishna P. , Titov Alexandre , Ying Chen Y. , Hyvonen Jake , Holloway Paul H.
Published: June 2018

Displays made using colloidal quantum dots as electroluminescent (EL) emitter is a very promising display technology because it is efficient, emits pure color, and is inexpensive. We have demonstrated highly efficient red, green, and blue quantum dot light emitting diodes (QLEDs) using a colloidal zinc oxide nanoparticle electron transport layer. Here, we will report QLEDs with external quantum efficiency >15% for red, green, and blue color (approaching the theoretical‐limit of ~22% for green) QLEDs. Finally, we will discuss some of the challenges that must be addressed to successfully commercialize EL‐QLED displays.
74‐4: High‐image‐quality Transparent Display based on AMOLED with Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Back‐panel
Authors: Li Cheng-Chang , Tseng Heng-Yi , Liao Hung-Chia , Chen Han-Ming , Hsieh Ting , Lin Sin-An , Jau Hung-Chang , Wu Yu-Ching , Ya-Ling Hsu , Hsu Wen-Hao , Lin Tsung-Hsien
Published: June 2018

The image quality of the transparent AMOLED, which is the most potential candidate of next generation technology, is highly dependent on the surroundings. In this work, the concept of high‐image‐quality transparent display based on AMOLED with a desirable liquid crystal shutter back‐panel is demonstrated.
75‐4: Invited Paper: FMM Materials and Manufacturing Process: Review of the Technical Issues
Authors: Kim Kisoo , Kim Chiwoo , Park Jong Kab , Kim Doh Hoon , Jung Kiro
Published: June 2018

Making a UHD FMM is a key technology for realizing the next‐generation displays. We reviewed state of the art and the strengths and weaknesses of each technology in terms of material and processing technology to make high resolution FMM.
64‐2: Fabrication of Auxiliary Electrodes using Ag Inkjet Printing for OLED Lighting
Authors: Yu Jun Ho , Cho Kwan-Hyun , Kang Kyung-Tae , Cho Young-In , Lee Chang-Soo , Lee Sang-Ho
Published: June 2018

This study introduces the novel fabrication of auxiliary electrodes using silver (Ag) inkjet printing for OLED lighting. Generally, inkjet printing has limits to feature size and resolution due to nozzle size, jetting volume and ink spread. To fabricate narrow auxiliary electrodes, this study introduces a unique line width control method using a hydrophilic track formed by spreading barriers. The grid‐like auxiliary electrodes were fabricated by directly‐patterning of Ag conductive line and insulator. The most densely fabricated grid electrode has the line width of 18 µm, the space distance of 0.15 mm. For the feasibility test of the developed grid‐like auxiliary electrode, we fabricated OLED lighting using ITO electrode substrates printed with the grid‐like auxiliary electrode.
P‐87: Glassless 3D Head Up Display using Parallax Barrier with Eye Tracking Image Processing
Authors: Matsumoto Takuya , Kusafuka Kaoru , Hamagishi Goro , Takahashi Hideya
Published: June 2018

We developed the 3D head up display (HUD) that enables glassless stereoscopic viewing. In order to realize above system, we established the design of parallax barrier for the 3D magnified virtual image system. Additionally, to keep the high quality 3D image inside the eye box of HUD, 3D image processing algorithm has been applied based on the eye position from the camera.
P‐130: Reliable Flexible Elevated Metal Metal‐Oxide IGZO TFTs
Authors: Bebiche Sarah , Wang Sisi , Lei Lu , Wong Man , Kwok Hoi-Sing
Published: June 2018

Flexible EMMO IGZO TFTs fabricated on 20 µm thick PI film are reported here. The utilized technology results in high electrical stability, of devices, combined to high robustness against mechanical deformation down to 3%.
59‐4: Invited Paper: Electro‐optical size‐dependence investigation in GaN micro‐LED devices
Authors: Daami Anis , Olivier François , Dupré Ludovic , Henry Franck , Templier François
Published: June 2018

High brightness and ultra‐high resolution GaN micro‐displays are starting to emerge as a promising technology. We present in this paper the µLED electro‐optical performances with regards to their size. Electroluminescence results and ABC model based simulations will be presented and analysed. We show through different results on our fabricated device, that the size‐dependent electrical and optical µLED performance is still a challenge to unravel and address.
51‐2: Development of In‐Plane Super‐Fast Response (ip‐SFR) LCD for VR‐HMD
Authors: Katayama Takashi , Higashida Shinpei , Kanashima Atsuko , Hanaoka Kazutaka , Yoshida Hidefumi , Shimada Shinji
Published: June 2018

We developed a fast‐response LCD. The fabrication process is the same as that of the conventional Fringe‐Field‐Switching mode. A diamond‐shape slit was fabricated for applying the fringe field. The response time is half that of the conventional mode. We applied the developed technology to a 2.89‐inch LCD with a resolution of 706 ppi for Head Mount Display (HMD).
57‐5: Invited Paper: Excimer Laser Annealing and Spot‐Beam Crystallization of Si Films for Advanced Displays
Authors: Im James S. , Song Ruobing , Wong Vernon K. , Pan Wenkai , Choi Insung , Yu Miao
Published: June 2018

This paper discusses recent laser‐crystallization‐related research results and advances that are enabling us to: (1) gain an in‐depth understanding of the ELA method currently utilized in the industry, and (2) suggest that a quasi‐CW fiber‐laser‐based SBC technique can be developed into a viable laser annealing method.
P‐147: Diffractive Optical Elements Based on Rewritable Photoalignment for Transparent Display and Smart Windows
Authors: Zhao Chenxiang , Fan Fan , Tam Alwin , Schadt Martin , Chigrinov Vladimir , Kwok Hoi-Sing
Published: June 2018

Diffractive optical elements based on patterned photoalignment analogous to multi‐domain LCD alignment patterning, dammann grating (DG) and random grating (RG), are demonstrated in this paper. Diffractive optical devices can act as transparent displays or smart windows. Key to the fabrication of our gratings, which are photo‐aligned with azo‐type material, is the ability of the material to be rewritable, i.e. it usually realigns upon rewriting. Through controlling the electrical field applied to the grating, switching between diffractive and non‐diffractive states is possible. Our new approach to achieve electrically switchable gratings requires lower voltage driving voltages than either dynamic light scattering displays or PDLC based devices. Since our gratings operate with pure nematic liquid crystals without polymers, their response time are faster upon switching between transparent and opaque state.
47‐4: Effects of Fine‐Metal‐Mask Wrinkling on OLED Patterning Defects
Authors: Zhu Haibin , Wang Weijie , Zhang Fengjie , Jin Xin , Li Xiaohu , Wang Xinxing , Zhang Bin , Yuan Guangcai
Published: June 2018

Fine‐metal‐mask (FMM) technology has been the remaining bottleneck for the wide application of OLEDs, since it is crucial to evaporation patterning defects. The value of wrinkle deformation is usually the only parameter considered during the mask mounting process. Indeed it is not enough to judge the qualification of FMM and to predict the evaporation defects. According to the authors' experiment and finite‐element method analysis, the size of the wrinkle and the slope angle of the wrinkle work together to affect the morphology of wrinkling under magnetic field and patterning defects. Further, the severe tilting angle of sheets is found to worsen the color‐mixing defects around the wrinkle.
46‐3: Distinguished Paper: 4032ppi High‐Resolution OLED Microdisplay
Authors: Fujii Takuma , Kon Chiaki , Motoyama Yosuke , Shimizu Kan , Shimayama Tsutomu , Yamazaki Takashi , Kato Takayoshi , Sakai Seigou , Hashikaki Koichi , Tanaka Koji , Nakano Yasuhiro
Published: June 2018

A 0.5 inch UXGA OLED microdisplay has been developed with 6.3μm pixel pitch. Not only 4032ppi high resolution, but high frame rate, low power consumption, wide viewing angle and high luminance have been achieved. This newly developed OLED microdisplay is suitable for Near‐to‐Eye display applications, especially electronic viewfinders.
45‐4: Hybrid Integration of RGB Inorganic LEDs using Adhesive Bonding and Selective Area Growth
Authors: Kang Chang-Mo , Lee Jun-Yeob , Park Mun-Do , Mun Seung-Hyun , Choi Soo-Young , Kim Kyungpil , Kim Sanghyeon , Shim Jae-Phil , Lee Dong-Seon
Published: June 2018

In this study, we integrated RGB inorganic LEDs onto a sapphire substrate. Blue and green subpixels were monolithically integrated using a selective area growth method, while red subpixels were formed by adhesive bonding and epitaxial lift‐off. The fabricated RGB subpixels could be independently controlled to realize the full color spectrum.
45‐1: Status and Prospects of microLED Displays
Authors: Virey Eric H. , Baron Nicolas
Published: June 2018

MicroLED is a new, self‐emissive display technology. It offers unique features that could disrupt the display market as well as trigger significant changes in the supply chain. The authors have thoroughly analyzed the microLED industry landscape, including microLED's technological status and its strengths and weaknesses for all major display applications.
P‐174: Inkjet Printed OLEDs based on Novel Cross‐linkable Electron Transport Materials
Authors: Xie Liming , Zhuang Jinyong , Su Wenming , Cui Zheng
Published: June 2018

Cross‐linkable electron transport material TV‐TmPY has been successfully implemented to the inkjet printed organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The crosslinked films show good air stability. High external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) were achieved for the spin‐coated and inkjet printed blue phosphorescent OLED, which were measured to be 12.8% and 8.5%, respectively.
43‐2: Structured PDLCs for Controlling LCD Viewing‐Angle
Authors: Ishinabe Takahiro , Horii Yuya , Shibata Yosei , Fujikake Hideo
Published: June 2018

We have established a control technique of light distribution pattern of PDLCs by controlling an internal polymer structure by irradiating unidirectional diffused UV light in isotropic phase. The backlight system using structure‐controlled PDLC and collimated backlight enables to control the viewing angle of LCDs with high light utilization efficiency.
41‐2: Novel Thinnest Free Form QD Film with Honeycomb Structure
Authors: Toyama Hirofumi , Oba Tatsuya , Watano Akiko , Chikushi Natsuru , Yonemoto Takashi , Hikita Shinji , Nishikawa Hideyuki , Suga Yoichi , Ito Yoji
Published: June 2018

We have developed a thinnest QD film with honeycomb structure which can prevent edge deterioration when cut into various shapes. The honeycomb structure protect oxygen invasion from the edge, and also enhances stiffness of thin film. This QD film can be applied to narrow‐bezel and thin displays and free‐form displays.
P‐198: Late‐News Poster: Clinical Utility of Stereoscopic 3D Displays in Heads‐up Surgery
Authors: Shibata Takashi , Shiraki Yukihiko , Kamei Motohiro
Published: June 2018

Heads‐up surgery is an operation performed while viewing the surgical field on a 3D display instead of using the eyepiece of the microscope. Clinical trials of ophthalmic surgery revealed that this technique shortened the operation time over time. However, some issues were also identified.
42‐4: A Novel De‐Mux and 120Hz Driving Technology for High Resolution OLED Displays
Authors: Kim Soondong , Yang Jinwook , Yoon Changnoh , Choe Eungyeong , Moon Junhee , Park Gyungsoon , Kim Yeonhong , Lee Myungho , Yu Bonghyun
Published: June 2018

We propose a novel in‐panel, TFT based de‐multiplex circuit for reducing column driver outputs. Each column driver output produces a command voltage for two neighboring column lines that are time multiplexed. De‐multiplexing is done on the array glass using TFT transistors. This approach supports higher‐frequency refresh rates for high‐resolution mobile OLED displays while minimizing display driver costs.
P‐215: Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Thin‐film Photo‐detector for Fingerprint Recognition
Authors: Qin Yunke , Wang Haisheng , Liu Yingming
Published: June 2018

A near‐IR based optical type fingerprint sensor is designed and implemented. The driving system is based on the passive pixel sensor (PPS) array with Oxide (IGZO) TFT technology. The sensing element of the optical sensor is composed of the organic photosensitive diode (OPD) exhibited typical sandwich structure. Clear fingerprint images can be successfully captured by such organic‐inorganic hybrid thin‐film photo‐detector. Further, flexible fingerprint sensor is also realized based on PI substrate.
12‐1: An Advanced LTPS TFT‐LCD using Top‐Gate Oxide TFT in Pixel
Authors: Tada Masahiro , Mochizuki Kazuhide , Tsunashima Takanori , Tanaka Hitoshi , Ito Tomoyuki , Watakabe Hajime , Hanada Akihiro , Kimura Ryotaro , Ishii Yoshinori
Published: June 2018

We propose an advanced LTPS TFT‐LCD technology in which top‐gate oxide TFTs are used in each pixel, whereas LTPS TFTs are used in the drivers and multiplexer in the frame areas. With this technology, we successfully developed a 538‐ppi TFT‐LCD prototype with 15‐Hz frame‐rate driving, a 0.5‐mm width side border, and lower gate driving voltages of +8.6/−8.0 V. Even after conducting a 500‐h driving test at 70 °C, no degradation was observed.
24‐4: Foldable AMOLED Display Utilizing Novel COE Structure
Authors: Xu Chuan X. , Shu Shi , Lu Jiang N. , Yuan Guang C. , Yao Qi , Wang Lei , Xu Zhi Q. , Sun Zhong Y.
Published: June 2018

A 5.46inch WQHD foldable AMOLED display having thin thickness, wide color gamut, high brightness and low reflectivity was obtained. These properties, which outperform those of a conventional RGB OLED and circular polarizer system, were achieved with a novel structure of RGB emitter, thin film encapsulation and low temperature color filter directly patterned on TFE.
25‐2: On the Support of Light Field and Holographic Video Display Technology
Authors: Karafin Jon , Bevensee Brendan
Published: June 2018

True light field displays, also known as holographic displays, converge bundles of light that vary depending on horizontal and vertical viewing angle and location, no different than real objects in the world. They offer an alternative to a number of other technologies often marketed as holographic, but fail to achieve the realism and visual comfort of a true light field display. In order to help demystify the requirements for real light field displays, competing technologies and content formats are reviewed, and several tests are provided for determining if a display or dataset is truly holographic. Pixel density and data bandwidth requirements for a light field display depending on design parameters are given.
28‐2: A Novel OLED Display Panel with High‐Reliability Integrated Gate Driver Circuit using IGZO TFTs for Large‐Sized UHD TVs
Authors: Shin Hong-Jae , Takasugi Shinji , Choi Woo-Seok , Chang Min-Kyu , Choi Jae-Yi , Jeon Sang-Ki , Yun Seong-Ho , Park Hee-Whan , Kim Jin-Mok , Kim Han-Seop , Oh Chang-Ho
Published: June 2018

We present a novel OLED display panel with high‐reliability integrated gate driver circuit using IGZO TFTs. Our gate driver circuit can drive a large‐sized OLED display not only for displaying images but also for sensing TFT characteristics for external compensation. It functions correctly even when the threshold voltage of TFTs is negative by reducing leakage currents. We have achieved a life time longer than 60,000 hours in a reliability test and successfully applied it to 55‐inch UHD, 65‐inch UHD and 55‐inch FHD OLED displays, which improves cost‐competitiveness of OLED displays against LCDs.
30‐2: Implementation of a Real‐time Eye Gaze Tracking Solution for ASIC Based on VR Display
Authors: Yang Quan , Sun Gaoming , Gao Yang , Song Zhenkun , Xue Hongzhen
Published: June 2018

We implemented an ASIC‐oriented, real‐time eye gaze tracking solution without calling ARM, DSP, calculation IP cores and external memories. Prototype validation on Xilinx kintex‐7 platform showed that the sampling rate of the system can be above 380Hz and the accuracy is ≦1.5 degree at 200MHz frequency.
35‐1: Strategy for Developing an Ultra‐High‐Luminance AMOLED Display
Authors: Eguchi Shingo , Nakamura Daiki , Kusunoki Koji , Kawashima Susumu , Takita Yusuke , Seo Satoshi , Dobashi Masayoshi , Misawa Chieko , Nakada Masataka , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: June 2018

To obtain a high‐luminance active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) display compatible with the high‐dynamic‐range (HDR) technology, we investigated the effect of basic components, e.g., field‐effect transistor, pixel circuit, OLED structure, and organic material. Combining these technologies, we fabricated a high‐luminance display with a peak luminance exceeding 3,000 cd/m2.
36‐1: Invited Paper: The Evolution of the Vertically Aligned Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Plummer Edward Alan , Klasen-Memmer Melanie , Fortte Rocco , Haensel Helmut , Archetti Graziano
Published: June 2018

Vertically Aligned Liquid Crystal based displays (VA‐LCDs) have played an integral role in the development of the display industry. The significance of VA‐LCD has been enhanced by its continual technical improvements. In this paper, we discuss the evolution of the technology from VA to PS‐VA and to newer generations such as Self‐Aligned VA (SA‐VA).
36‐2: Invited Paper: Self‐Alignment of Liquid Crystal for Multi‐Domain Liquid‐Crystal Display
Authors: Lan Song , Chen Xingwu , Wei Hongquan , Wu Ling , Tseng Te-Jen , Hsieh Chung-Ching , Chen Hsiao-Hsien , Lin His-chien , Lee Yung-Hui
Published: June 2018

By introducing photopolymerizable amphiphile organic monomers(PAOM) into nematic liquid crystals (NLC) with controlled amount of UV‐curable reactive mesogen (RM), a amulti‐domain vertical‐alignment LC device was successfully demonstrated. The device, possessing a vertically aligned LC director in four different azimuthal directions, exhibited a fast response time,wide‐viewing‐angle characteristics and high voltage holding ratio(VHR), in the absence of conventional polyimides vertical‐alignment layers. The formation of automatic and robust vertical alignment layer was anlayzed by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM).
37‐4: Invited Paper: Intelligent Virtual‐Reality Head‐Mounted Displays with Brain Monitoring and Visual Function Assessment
Authors: Zao John K. , Chien Yu-Yi , Lin Fang-Cheng , Wang Yu-Te , Nakanishi Masaki , Medeiros Felipe A. , Jung Tzyy-Ping , Huang Yi-Pai
Published: June 2018

This paper demonstrates an intelligent portable device, nGoggle, which combines brain monitoring with a virtual reality display. We proposed high‐frequency polychromatic composite stimuli with short repetitive sequences to elicit steady‐state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) at stimulus frequencies in 43–56 Hz for reducing the flickering. Additionally, a Generic Bootstrapping Model and classification using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was implemented to improve the detection accuracy.