ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM IN PATIENTS OVER 80 YEARS. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOME ASPECTS ACCORDING TO THE DATA OF RYAZAN (RUSSIA) AND DUSHANBE (TAJIKISTAN)
Authors: Kalmykov Egan L. , Suchkov Igor A. , Gaibov Alijon Ju. , Kalinin Roman E. , Nematzoda Okiljon , Dodkhoev Jamshed S. 
Published: July 2024

Highlights

No studies have been published comparing the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms in residents of the Central Asian region and Russia ≥80 years of age. Differences in the number of emergency and planned operations in the studied countries have been revealed. Thus, despite the predominance of planned operations in the total structure, the frequency of emergency operations related to AAA rupture is extremely high, which is associated with a large aneurysm diameter. In Tajikistan there is no difference in mortality between patients of different age groups, while in the Russian Federation this indicator is higher among persons up to and including 79 years of age. The number of comorbidities is high in both countries.

 

Abstract

Aim. To analyse the demography, the structure of comorbidity and mortality in the treatment of patients with AAA with an age priority of study up to 79 and over 80 years old in Russia and Tajikistan.

Methods. A retrospective, comparative study of patients with infrarenal AAA who underwent endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (EAAA) or open AAA reconstruction during the period from 2011 to 2015 at the clinic of Russian State Medical University named after N.N. acad. I.P. Pavlov in Ryazan, Russia and in the RSCCS, Dushanbe, Tajikistan (2011–2017). The study included 226 patients, 60 from Dushanbe (Tajikistan) and 166 from Ryazan (Russia). The study examined age, gender, comorbidities: diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension, COPD, smoking, as well as abdominal aortic diameter and 30-day mortality.

Results. There are significantly more male patients with AAA in both countries. The number of comorbidities (CHD, hypertension, COPD, diabetes) per patient reaches 2.30 in Russia and 2.35 in Tajikistan. The number of patients older than 80 years in Russia was 11.4% and in Tajikistan 23.7% of the total number of patients operated on for AAA. In all countries, patients with AAA, inclusive, up to 79 years of age are statistically significantly more than patients 80 years of age or older. There are statistically significantly more patients under 79 in Russia. The age of patients after 80 is statistically significantly higher among patients from Russia. The number of emergency operations in all countries is significantly lower than elective operations, but still emergency operations were performed in almost one third of cases. In the group of patients up to 79 years old, the smallest number of emergency operations due to aneurysm ruptures was found in Russia. In the group of patients aged 80 years old and over, the smallest number of elective surgeries was found in Russia. The AAA diameter in patients from the two countries did not differ statistically significantly and amounted to 60.0 [48.0; 75.0] and 57.0 [54.0; 61.5] mm. in RF and RT, respectively (p > 0.05). In the age category up to 79 years old, there were statistically significantly fewer men in Tajikistan than in Russia. However, in the category after 80 years old there are statistically significantly fewer men in Russia than in Tajikistan. In Tajikistan, there was no difference in mortality between ages, however, in the Russian Federation it is higher in patients up to 79 years of age inclusive.

Conclusion. As the results of the study showed, the average age of all patients with AAA was elderly, and the number of patients older than 80 years was 11.4% and 23.4% in Russia and Tajikistan, respectively. The group of patients over 80 years of age, according to the criterion of average age, was older among patients from Russia. It is important that the number of emergency operations in all countries is significantly lower than planned, but emergency operations were performed in almost one third of cases. In addition, the number of high-risk comorbidities is high in both countries.