bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The American Electra: O'Neill's modern version of the myth
Authors: Carneiro Ana Maria De Melo
Published: July 2015

This study aims at analysing the elements by means of which Eugene O'Neill, in his trilogy Mourning Becomes Electra, departs from the classical versions of the Electra myth and presents a modern, original elaboration of that Stoff. Freud's theory of instincts and of the Oedipus complex, as well as specific ideological aspects of American culture, are also discussed, since they influence characterization and function as the base for the action. It is demonstrated how the play is structured on the principle of polarity, which underlies setting, imagery, and characters' portrayal. The role of psychological fate in the trilogy is examined, as it limits the individual freedom of the characters and leads to their alienation and self-destruction. Finally, taking as support Hegel's and Max Scheler's views on the tragic, the question of genre definition is focused on. It is concluded that O'Neill's characters are not tragic heroes, but rather embody traits of contemporary self-doubt, rebellion, and fragmentation. The dark view of life projected in the play is discussed, since the outcome reveals that on an individual or historical level, there is no solution for human conflict.
The closed room as metaphor in "A Rose for Emily" and O Quarto Fechado
Authors: McClendon Carmen Chaves
Published: July 2015

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E. A. Poe: the fall of the masque
Authors: Jeha Júlio César
Published: July 2015

This dissertation is a study of Edgar Allan Poe's "The fall of the house of Usher" and "The masque of the red death", as representative tales of the Gothic and, by extension, of the fantastic mode. It has two axes: one is a survey of critical theories on the fantastic and its main manifestation, the Gothic, in an attempt to distinguish the constituents of the mode and to apply them to a reading of Poe's tales. The other axis is centered on one of these constituents, an esoteric substratum which underlies both texts and is fundamental to Poe's metaphysics as expressed in his aesthetics, Finally, the specular construction of the texts is examined, as well as the use of intertextuality and the ideological questions projected in terms of a theory of knowledge.
The theme of loneliness in T. S. Eliot’s plays
Authors: Vieira Else Ribeiro Pires
Published: July 2015

This paper analyses the theme of loneliness and estrangement in T. S. Eliot’s plays, also making references to some of his poems. Loneliness is seen to co-occur with a process of inner disintegration, a step in the metamorphoses of Eliot’s characters towards self-realization and wholeness. It also reveals Eliot’s shift from tragedy to tragi-comedy together with an increasing use of some of the conventions of the masque. O presente trabalho analisa o tema da solidão e do distanciamento nas peças de T. S. Eliot, fazendo também referências a alguns de seus poemas. Constata-se que a solidão ocorre simultaneamente com um processo de desintegração interna, uma etapa na metamorfose dos personagens de Eliot em busca da auto-realização e da plenitude. Demonstra-se também a transição da tragédia para a tragicomédia, juntamente com um uso crescente de algumas das convenções da «masque».
The puritan heritage and current economic attitudes in America
Authors: Elliott Emory
Published: July 2015

This essay sustains that the contemporary economic yearnings of American society are deeply rooted in seventeenth century Puritan Massachusetts — a cultural heritage which the people are unwilling and perhaps unable to abandon.The author identifies five of the most firmly-held assumptions as a beginning for the study of cultural values and economics in the United States today: 1. The assumption that America has a special, divinely ordained role as a world leader — exemplar of democratic ideals; 2. An assumption that those in power and authority should be willing to sacrifice something for the common good; 3. A sense of pride in the product itself and identity with the institution; 4. A sense of certain independence from the employer based on the integrity of the individual; 5. The assumption that individuals and institutions adhere to a set of shared moral principles. The essay concludes that the strengths of the Protestant ethic which have become part of the national ideology have begun to produce more barriers than benefits to progress and that what is urgently needed in the United States today is creative and imaginative leadership.   Este artigo sustenta que os anseios econômicos contemporâneos da sociedade americana estão profundamente arraigados na Massachusetts puritana do século dezessete — herança cultural da qual o povo não quer e talvez não consiga se libertar.O autor apresenta cinco das pressuposições mais enraizadas, como ponto de partida para o estudo dos valores culturais e econômicos dos Estados Unidos de hoje: 1. A suposição de que os Estados Unidos representam um papel conferido por Deus, como líder mundial — modelo dos ideais democráticos; 2. Uma suposição de que os detentores do poder e as autoridades deveriam estar dispostos ao sacrifício pelo bem comum; 3. Um sentimento de orgulho por aquilo que produzem e identificação com a instituição; 4. Um sentido de certa independência do empregador, baseado na integridade do indivíduo; 5. A suposição de que os indivíduos e as instituições são fiéis a um conjunto geral de princípios morais. O artigo conclui que a força da ética protestante, que é parte da ideologia americana, passou a gerar mais obstáculos do que benefícios para o progresso, e que os Estados Unidos de hoje precisam urgentemente de liderança imaginativa e criadora.
God or scriptwriter?
Authors: Tolentino Magda Velloso Fernandes de
Published: July 2015

A brief review of the blending of roles of the fictional character with actual people as presented in Woody Allen's film.Uma rápida visão da fusão dos papéis da personagem de ficção e de pessoas reais conforme visão de Woody Allen em seu filme.
A comparison of two translations of John Donne's "The Flea"
Authors: Milton John
Published: July 2015

This study will make a comparison of two translations of John Donne's «The flea» by translators often considered to have very contrasting styles — Paulo Vizioli (PV) and Augusto Campos (AC). Este estudo fará uma comparação de duas traduções de «A pulga» de John Donne por tradutores de estilos notoriamente diferentes — Paulo Vizioli (PV) e Augusto Campos (AC).
Newspapers and magazines: useful aids in the classroom
Authors: Oliveira e Paiva Vera Lúcia Menezes de
Published: July 2015

The first part of this paper presents a series of arguments advocating the use of newspapers and magazines in the classroom. Besides being a permanent source of education, this medium presents a variety of authentic communication materials which can be usefully handled in foreign language classes. The second part provides a list of activities as suggestions for teachers to develop with students of different levels. A primeira parte deste trabalho apresenta uma série de argumentos que advogam o uso de jornais e revistas, em sala de aula, pois, além de fontes permanentes de educação, contêm uma grande quantidade de material de comunicação autêntica. Tais recursos são de utilização eficaz em aulas de língua estrangeira, sendo apresentada uma série de sugestões de atividades na segunda parte deste trabalho.
Journal-writing as feedback and as an EFL-related-issues discussion tool
Authors: Miccoli Laura S.
Published: July 2015

This paper reports the results of an experience in which journal-writing was used to tap into the students learning processes so as to provide them with feedback on their teaching/learning processes and with the opportunity to discuss EFL teaching problems. This was accomplished by asking students to ponder over their learning experiences together with their reactions to class activities, and were recorded on a Portuguese-written journal. Students were also asked to write about the methodological assumptions underlying each class activity so that they could develop their own views on language teaching. Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma experiência na qual o diário foi usado como instrumento que permitisse dar aos alunos feedback sobre seus processos de aprendizagem e discutir assuntos relacionados com o ensino de inglês como língua estrangeira. Foi pedido aos alunos que refletissem sobre suas experiências enquanto alunos, bem como sobre suas reações às atividades de classe. Estas foram descritas em Português apesar de tratar-se de curso de Lingua Inglesa. Os alunos também escreveram sobre os motivos em que se baseavam as atividades de das? s, de forma a permitir que eles desenvolvessem uma visão pessoal sobre o ensino de línguas.
Paths of disclosure and discourse: Joyce's The Sisters
Authors: Miranda Luiz Alberto De
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this paper is to shift the focus of the current readings of Joyce's The Sisters from discourse to narration, by regarding it as a journey of a voice in search of a truly expressive locutional tonality. Centered on the story’s process of enunciation, this essay seeks to demonstrate that, in his attempt to domesticate language and make some sense out of his utterance, the subject of enunciation in The Sisters ends up entrapped by/in the very silence from which he tried to set himself free, through narration. A finalidade deste trabalho é mudar o foco da leitura do conto The Sisters, de James Joyce, do discurso para a narração, considerando-o como a jornada de uma voz rumo a uma tonalidade locucional verdadeiramente expressiva. Centrado no processo enunciativo do conto, este ensaio procura demonstrar que, na tentativa de domesticar a linguagem e de impor sentido à sua elocução, o sujeito da enunciação em The Sisters acaba preso no/pelo próprio silêncio de que pretendia se livrar através da narração.
Predictors of exercise capacity in heart failure
Authors: Ibrahimi Pranvera
Published: July 2015

Background and Aim: Compromised exercise capacity is a major symptom in patients with heart failure (HF) and reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF). Six-minute walk test (6-MWT) is popular for the objective assessment of exercise capacity in these patients but is largely confined to major heart centres. The aim of this study was to prospectively examine functional parameters that predict 6-MWT in patients with HF and reduced LVEF.

Methods: In 111 HF patients (mean age 60Å}12 years, 56% male), a 6-MWT and an echo-Doppler study were performed in the same day. In addition to conventional ventricular function measurements, global LV dyssynchrony was indirectly assessed by total isovolumic time - t-IVT [in s/min; calculated as: 60 – (total ejection time – total filling time)], and Tei index (t-IVT/ejection time). Also, LV and right ventricular function were assessed by mitral and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE and TAPSE, respectively). Based on the 6-MWT distance, patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I: ≤300m and Group II: >300m.

Results: The 6-MWT distance correlated with t-IVT and Tei index (r=-0.37, p<0.001, for both), lateral and septal e’ velocities (r=0.41, p<0.001, and r=0.46, p<0.001, respectively), E/e’ ratio (r=-0.37, p<0.001) and TAPSE (r=0.45, p<0.001), but not with the other clinical or echo parameters. Group I patients had longer t-IVT, lower E/e’ratio, TAPSE and lateral e’ (p<0.001 for all) compared with Group II. In multivariate analysis, TAPSE [0.076 (0.017-0.335), p=0.001], E/e’ [1.165 (1.017-1.334), p=0.027], t-IVT [1.178 (1.014-1.370), p=0.033] independently predicted poor 6-MWT performance (<300m). Sensitivity and specificity for TAPSE ≤1.9 cm were 66% and 77%, (AUC 0.78, p<0.001); E/e’ ≥10.7 were 66% and 62% (AUC 0.67, p=0.002) and t-IVT ≥13 s/min were 64% and 60% (AUC 0.68, p=0.002) in predicting poor 6-MWT. Combined TAPSE and E/e’ had a sensitivity of 68% but specificity of 92% in predicting 6-MWT. Respective values for combined TAPSE and t-IVT were 71% and 85%.

Conclusion: In patients with HF, the limited exercise capacity assessed by 6-MWT, is multifactorial being related both to the severity of right ventricular systolic dysfunction as well as to raised LV filling pressures and global dyssynchrony.
Wave intensity analysis in the great arteries – What has been learnt during the last 25 years? Part 1
Authors: Kolyva Christina , Khir Ashraf
Published: July 2015

Wave intensity analysis in the great arteries – What has been learnt during the last 25 years? Part 1
South Asians and their increased cardiovascular risk: A review of risk factors and diet and lifestyle modification
Authors: Nicoll Rachel , Henein Michael
Published: July 2015

South Asians (SAs) have a significantly higher incidence and severity of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD)
than Caucasians and can present with atypical ischaemic symptoms. This can present a challenge for health professionals
who may not be aware of the lowered thresholds recommended for SA body mass index, waist circumference and age.
Although SAs are likely to have all the hallmarks of metabolic syndrome: central obesity, insulin resistance, impaired glucose
tolerance, reduced high density lipoprotein, high triglycerides and hypertension, conventional risk factors alone do not fully
predict the increased CVD risk among this community. Furthermore, SAs themselves may not be aware of their increased
predisposition to disease nor of the dietary and lifestyle modifications which could reduce the risk and severity of their
condition. Even where some modification has been attempted, there may be cultural pressure to conform to a traditional
diet and the requirements for fasting and feasting. Principally, SAs should avoid large late meals, reduce sugary sweets and
drinks, alcohol and foods fried in plant oils which create damaging transfats, while increasing protein and non-fried vegetables
to help glycaemic control. Chewing paan, with or without added tobacco, is a particular risk factor for both CVD and cancer,
on a par with the dangers of smoking. Although not in the culture, exercise would also be of great benefit.
Periodontal Inflammatory Burden and Salivary Matrix Metalloproteinase‐8 Concentration Among Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease at the Predialysis Stage
Authors: Nylund Karita M. , Meurman Jukka H. , Heikkinen Anna Maria , Honkanen Eero , Vesterinen Maarit , Furuholm Jussi O. , Tervahartiala Taina , Sorsa Timo , Ruokonen Hellevi M.
Published: July 2015

Background: The aim of the present study is to compare periodontal inflammatory burden related to the salivary matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8 concentration among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) at the predialysis stage.

Methods: Salivary samples from 118 predialysis patients were assayed for MMP‐8 by immunofluorometric assay. Of the patients, 43 (36%) had diabetic nephropathy, whereas 75 (64%) had other kidney disease. Clinical and radiographic oral health examination was made at Helsinki University Hospital. Oral and general health data including laboratory findings were recorded from hospital records, and the periodontal inflammatory burden index (PIBI) and the total dental index (TDI) were calculated. Results were analyzed with cross tabulation, Pearson χ2 test, and Mann–Whitney U test.

Results: Results included elevated PIBI, increased TDI, and two or more sites with ≥6 mm or deeper periodontal pocket, associated with elevated salivary MMP‐8 concentrations (P <0.05 in all associations). The diabetic nephropathy group and patients with high hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values (≥6.5%, ≥48 mmol/mol) exerted slightly elevated median salivary MMP‐8 values compared with the other CKD group or regarding patients with HbA1c values <6.5%, but these differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusions: Elevated salivary MMP‐8 associated significantly with more severe oral/periodontal inflammatory burden among patients with CKD at the predialysis stage. Thus, salivary MMP‐8 analysis could give adjunctive information regarding oral health.
Identifying Crowding Stress‐Tolerant Hybrids in Processing Sweet Corn
Authors: Williams Martin M.
Published: July 2015

Improvement in tolerance to intense competition at high plant populations (i.e., crowding stress) is a major genetic driver of corn (Zea mays L.) yield gain the last half‐century. Recent research found differences in crowding stress tolerance among a few modern processing sweet corn hybrids; however, an investigation of interactions with other factors would reveal a deeper understanding of crowding stress tolerance in sweet corn. The objectives of this study were to (i) compare yield, recovery, and processor profitability of sweet corn hybrids grown under conditions of crowding stress, and (ii) determine if an interaction exists between N fertilization and hybrid on crop response to crowding stress. Twenty‐six hybrids were grown under suboptimal and supraoptimal N fertilization at 72,000 plants ha−1, a level beyond the optimal population of the most crowding stress‐tolerant hybrid. Results showed hybrid and N fertilization had no interactive effect on key variables of interest to the sweet corn processing industry, namely green ear mass, recovery, case production, and gross profit margin. Therefore, hybrid rankings were consistent whether the crop was N stressed or not. Relative to the poorest performing hybrid, the highest performing hybrid grown at an elevated population yielded 50% more green ear mass, 61% greater case production, and 71% higher gross profit margin. This work demonstrated a simple method to identify processing sweet corn hybrids with the best tolerance to crowding stress. Significant gains in sweet corn productivity may be realized by growing such hybrids at plant populations higher than currently used.
Assessment of Drought Tolerance in Sainfoin: Physiological and Drought Tolerance Indices
Authors: Irani Sayareh , Majidi Mohammad Mahdi , Mirlohi Aghafakhr , Zargar Mahnaz , Karami Mostafa
Published: July 2015

The physiological basis of genetic variation in drought response and its association with forage yield and drought tolerance indices is not clear in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.). In this study, 100 sainfoin genotypes from 10 ecotypes were clonally propagated and evaluated under non‐stressed and water deficit conditions during 2 yr. Physiological traits including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid content, proline content, relative water content (RWC), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, dry matter yield (DMY), and stress tolerance index (STI) were studied. Large genotypic variation was observed among ecotypes for most of the studied traits indicating that selection in this germplasm would be useful. The results showed that water deficit greatly influenced physiological traits that affected forage production. Water deficit decreased DMY and RWC while significantly increasing carotenoid content, free proline content, CAT, APX, and SOD activity in both years. The relationship between dry matter yield and STI with proline content showed that ecotypes with high DMY and STI under water deficit conditions had higher proline accumulation in their leaves. With regard to the STI and principal component analysis (PCA), ecotypes Baft, Najafabad, and Sirjan were found to be drought tolerant or moderately drought tolerant. These ecotypes showed significantly higher values for proline content under water deficit conditions.
Stratification of Metal and Sulphate Loads in Acid Mine Drainage Receiving Water Dams – Variables Regionalization by Cluster Analysis
Authors: Grande J.A. , de la Torre M.L. , Valente T. , Fernández J.P. , Borrego J. , Santisteban M. , Cerón J.C. , Sánchez‐Rodas D.
Published: July 2015

The Sancho Reservoir (Iberian Pyrite Belt, SW Spain) is nourished by the waters of the river Meca, which is affected by acid mine drainage (AMD) processes from the abandoned Tharsis mine. The aim of the present work is to study the hydrochemical variations in this reservoir, in order to define potential stratification processes in metal load and sulphates. A stratified sampling from the surface, with one meter deep intervals to the bottom of the dam, was performed. The results show a clear stratification of temperature, pH, electric conductivity, dissolved oxygen, metal and sulphate loads associated with depth. There is an increase of metal loads at the bottom of the reservoir, though previous studies only detect iron. The proximity between pH and aluminium suggests that water chemistry is strongly influenced by aluminium precipitation processes. This indicates the buffer effect that aluminium exercises, which precipitates as amorphous or low crystalline phases, introducing hydrogen ions to the system, while alkalinity input tends to raise pH.
Identification of Active Radical Species in Alkaline Persulfate Oxidation
Authors: Liang Chenju , Lei Jung‐Hsuan
Published: July 2015

A proposed mechanism for alkaline activation of persulfate involves generation of sulfate (), hydroxyl (HO·), and superoxide radicals (). The present study investigated the feasibility of chloroform (CF) degradation using alkaline activated persulfate and identified the active radical species using a radical inhibition technique. 2‐propanol (PrOH) (preferentially reacted with HO·), phenol (preferentially reacted with both HO· and ), and carbon tetrachloride (CT) (preferentially reacted with ) were used to inhibit the degradation of CF, and the extent of inhibited degradation was used to indicate the predominant radical species. Additions of PrOH and phenol appeared to significantly scavenge and HO· and resulted in inhibited CF degradation. Here, the authors demonstrated that and HO· were predominant radicals in the alkaline activated persulfate system. The presence of scavengers (i.e., CT) resulted in a partial inhibition of CF degradation and, hence, one can speculate that is a minor radical species.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of 1-(3-benzyl-4-oxo-3H-quinazolin-2-yl)-4-(substituted)thiosemicarbazide derivatives
Authors: Alagarsamy Veerachamy , Solomon Viswas , Krishnamoorthy G. , Sulthana M.T. , Narendar B.
Published: July 2015

A series of 1-(3-benzyl-4-oxo-3H-quinazolin-2-yl)-4-(substituted)
thiosemicarbazides (AS1-AS10) were obtained by the reaction of 2-hydrazino-
3-benzyl quinazolin-4(3H)-one (6) with different dithiocarbamic acid methyl
ester derivatives. The key intermediate
3-benzyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-1Hquinazolin-4-one (4) was obtained by reacting
benzyl amine (1) with carbon disulphide and sodium hydroxide in dimethyl
sulphoxide to give sodium dithiocarbamate, which was methylated with dimethyl
sulfate to yield the dithiocarbamic acid methyl ester (2) and condensed with
methyl anthranilate (3) in ethanol yielded the desired compound (4) via the
thiourea intermediate. The SH group of compound (4) was methylated for the
favorable nucleophilic displacement reaction with hydrazine hydrate, which
afford 2-hydrazino-3- benzyl-3H-quinazolin-4-one (6). The IR, 1H, and 13C NMR
spectrum of these compounds showed the presence of peaks due to
thiosemicarbazides, carbonyl (C=O), NH and aryl groups. The quinazolin-4-one
moiety molecular ion peaks (m/z 144) were observed all the mass spectrum of
compounds (AS1-AS10). Elemental (C, H, N) analysis satisfactorily confirmed
purity of the synthesized compounds and elemental composition. All
synthesized compounds were also screened for their antimicrobial activity
against selective gram positive and gram negative by agar dilution method. In
the present study compounds AS8 and AS9 were emerged as the most active
compounds of the series.
Global financial reform since 2008: Achievements and shortcomings
Authors: Soskic Dejan
Published: July 2015

The global financial crisis that started in the U.S. had an immediate
spillover to the rest of the world financial markets. Next, a decrease in
real economic output throughout the developed world occurred simultaneously
with high bailout costs for the salvaging of banks and other financial
institutions. This vicious combination was at the core of the bank-sovereign
interdependence and the sovereign debt crisis of the eurozone. As early as
2008, the G20 announced a thorough global reform agenda with an aim to tackle
the root causes of the crises and to transform the system of global financial
regulation. Some important reform steps have been made; still, more than six
years on, the job is not finished. Where are we in terms of global financial
reform, and are we close to creating a more secure global financial system
significantly less prone to crisis and bailouts with taxpayers? money?
On the growth and the zeros of solutions of higher order linear differential equations with meromorphic coefficients
Authors: Andasmas Maamar , Belaïdi Benharrat
Published: July 2015

We investigate the growth of meromorphic solutions of homogeneous and
nonhomogeneous higher order linear differential equations f(k) + k-1?j=1
Ajf(j) + A0f = 0 (k ? 2); f(k) + k-1 ?j=1 Ajf(j) + A0f = Ak (k ? 2); where
Aj(z)(j=0,1,...,k) are meromorphic functions with finite order. Under some
conditions on the coefficients, we show that all meromorphic solutions f ?/0 of
the above equations have an infinite order and infinite lower order.
Furthermore, we give some estimates of their hyper-order, exponent and
hyper-exponent of convergence of distinct zeros. We improve the results due
to Kwon, Chen and Yang, Bela?di, Chen, Shen and Xu.
Context-freeness of the languages of Schützenberger automata of HNN-extensions of finite inverse semigroups
Authors: Ayyash Mohammed , Rodaro Emanuele
Published: July 2015

We prove that the Sch?tzenberger graph of any element of the HNN-extension of
a finite inverse semigroup S with respect to its standard presentation is a
context-free graph in the sense of [11], showing that the language L
recognized by this automaton is context-free. Finally we explicitly construct
the grammar generating L, and from this fact we show that the word problem
for an HNN-extension of a finite inverse semigroup S is decidable and lies in
the complexity class of polynomial time problems.
Product of differentiation and composition operators on Bloch type spaces
Authors: Zhou Jizhen , Zhu Xiangling
Published: July 2015

We obtain some simple criteria for the boundedness and compactness of the
product of differentiation and composition operator C?Dm on Bloch type
spaces.
On some class of integral operators related to the Bergman projection
Authors: Vujadinovic Djordjije
Published: July 2015

We consider the integral operator C?f(z) = ?D f(?)/(1-z?)? dA(?), z ?
D, where 0 < ? < 2 and D is the unit disc in the complex plane. and
investigate boundedness of it on the space Lp(D, d?), 1 < p < 1, where d? is
the M?bius invariant measure in D. We also consider the spectral properties
of C? when it acts on the Hilbert space L2(D, d?), i.e., in the case p = 2,
when C? maps L2(D, d?) into the Dirichlet space.
Simple groups with the same prime graph as 2Dn(q)
Authors: Khosravi Behrooz , Babai A.
Published: July 2015

In 2006, Vasil'ev posed the problem: Does there exist a positive integer k
such that there are no k pairwise nonisomorphic nonabelian finite simple
groups with the same graphs of primes? Conjecture: k = 5. In 2013, Zvezdina,
confirmed the conjecture for the case when one of the groups is alternating.
We continue this work and determine all nonabelian simple groups having the
same prime graphs as the nonabelian simple group 2Dn(q).
An example of Bruns-Gubeladze K-theory defined by three dimensional polytope
Authors: Popelensky Th.Yu.
Published: July 2015

For the Bruns-Gubeladze polytopal K-theory, we describe a new series of three
dimensional balanced Col-divisible polytopes. Also we calculate the
corresponding elementary groups and as a corollary obtain an expression of
the polytopal K-groups in terms of the Quillen K-groups.
Modeling the effect of the stress demagnetization phenomenon on the magnetic properties in a no Fe-Si 3% sheet
Authors: Yakhlef Malika , Boukhtache Sebti , Chabane Mabrouk
Published: July 2015

The aim of this paper is the modeling of the stress demagnetization effect on
the magnetic properties in a non-oriented Fe-Si 3% sheet under different
external stresses. The magneto-mechanical model used for magnetic hysteresis
is based on a model originally formulated by Sablik-Jiles-Atherthon (S.J.A.).
This latter has been modified by including both the stress demagnetization
factor and the eddy current effects. The influence of the stress
demagnetization term SDT on the magnetostrictive behavior of the material is
also modeled. The proposed model has been validated by extensive simulations
at different stresses, namely compressive and tensile stresses. Simulation
results obtained by this model are very close to those published in the
literature. Using the proposed model, very satisfactory performance has been
achieved.
Mr. and Mrs. Smith: A Student Introduction to Federal Tax Compliance and Documentation
Authors: Morrow Michaele L. , Stinson Shane R.
Published: July 2015

In this case, students assume the role of new accounting staff tasked with the preparation of a personal income tax return and supporting documentation for a client of their firm. Students are provided prior year work papers and client communications, a copy of the prior year's tax return, as well as a letter and supporting documents from the client for the current year. To complete the case, students generate questions based on the initial information provided, meet face-to-face with the client, and roll forward a set of electronic work papers before submitting a complete current year engagement file for senior review. This case adds work papers and client interaction to the traditional tax compliance case to reinforce both the technical and communication skills valued in professional practice. The formulation of questions for the client also allows students to practice discussing technical topics in a non-technical manner and underscores the required balance between attitudes of client advocacy stressed in professional tax practice and legal requirements for “good-faith” tax return reporting. This case is appropriate for an individual income tax course at either the undergraduate or graduate level, and can be easily adapted to increase or decrease difficulty.
A Missense Mutation in PPP1R15B Causes a Syndrome Including Diabetes, Short Stature, and Microcephaly
Authors: Abdulkarim Baroj , Nicolino Marc , Igoillo-Esteve Mariana , Daures Mathilde , Romero Sophie , Philippi Anne , Senée Valérie , Lopes Miguel , Cunha Daniel A. , Harding Heather P. , Derbois Céline , Bendelac Nathalie , Hattersley Andrew T. , Eizirik Décio L. , Ron David , Cnop Miriam , Julier Cécile
Published: July 2015

Dysregulated endoplasmic reticulum stress and phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) are associated with pancreatic β-cell failure and diabetes. Here, we report the first homozygous mutation in the PPP1R15B gene (also known as constitutive repressor of eIF2α phosphorylation [CReP]) encoding the regulatory subunit of an eIF2α-specific phosphatase in two siblings affected by a novel syndrome of diabetes of youth with short stature, intellectual disability, and microcephaly. The R658C mutation in PPP1R15B affects a conserved amino acid within the domain important for protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) binding. The R658C mutation decreases PP1 binding and eIF2α dephosphorylation and results in β-cell apoptosis. Our findings support the concept that dysregulated eIF2α phosphorylation, whether decreased by mutation of the kinase (EIF2AK3) in Wolcott-Rallison syndrome or increased by mutation of the phosphatase (PPP1R15B), is deleterious to β-cells and other secretory tissues, resulting in diabetes associated with multisystem abnormalities.
The Expression of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 and 2 in Nasal Polyp–Derived Epithelial Cells and its Possible Contribution to Glucocorticoid Activation in Nasal Polyp
Authors: Kook Jin Ho , Kim Hyun Jin , Kim Kyung Won , Park Se Jin , Kim Tae Hoon , Lim Sae Hee , Kang Sung Hoon , Lee Sang Hag
Published: July 2015

Background

The actions of glucocorticoids in target tissues depend on the local metabolism of glucocorticoids catalyzed by 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) 1 and 2. Glucocorticoids are the most effective anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of nasal polyps. However, the mechanisms that underlie the anti-inflammatory effects are unclear.

Objective

The present study analyzed the expression of 11β-HSD1, 11β-HSD2, and steroidogenic enzymes (cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 [CYP11B1]; cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 [CYP11A1]) in nasal polyp tissues, and endogenous cortisol levels in nasal polyp–derived epithelial cells.

Methods

The expression levels and distribution pattern of 11β-HSD1, 11β-HSD2, CYP11B1, and CYP11A1 were determined in nasal polyp tissues or nasal polyp–derived epithelial cells by using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry testing. The expression levels of cortisol by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were determined in cultured polyp–derived epithelial cells treated with adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), 11β-HSD1 inhibitor, or small interfering ribonucleic acid technique. The effect of glucocorticoids on the expression levels of these enzymes was investigated in cultured cells.

Results

Expressed in nasal polyp tissues and nasal polyp–derived epithelial cells were 11β-HSD1, 11β-HSD2, CYP11B1, and CYP11A1. Cortisol production in cultured epithelial cells was decreased in cells treated with 11β-HSD1 small interfering ribonucleic acid or inhibitor, compared with nontreated cells. Cultured cells treated with adrenocorticotropic hormone induced increased cortisol production. 11β-HSD1 expression levels were upregulated in cells treated with glucocorticoid.

Conclusions

Analysis of these results indicated that 11β-HSD1 expressed in polyp-derived epithelial cells may be involved in the anti-inflammatory function of glucocorticoid in the treatment of nasal polyps, which contributes to increased levels of endogenous cortisol.
Efficacy of Preoperative Itraconazole in Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Patro Sourabha K. , Verma Roshan K. , Panda Naresh K. , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Singh Paramjeet
Published: July 2015

Introduction

Criterion standard treatment of allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) is primary surgery followed by adjuvant therapy. Even after good surgery, recurrence rates vary from 10 to 79%. Antifungals, e.g., itraconazole, and steroids have shown varying success rates in delaying recurrences given after surgery. Itraconazole decreases the need for steroids given as a primary treatment in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. This study investigated the efficacy of itraconazole given preoperatively for allergic fungal rhinosinusitis.

Methodology

A prospective study was carried out from July 2011 to November 2013 with 27 patients with histologically proven AFS, who were given itraconazole for 1 month in the preoperative period and operated after completion of the course of itraconazole. They were compared with 25 matched controls of patients with AFS who were operated on directly without preoperative itraconazole. Both groups were given oral steroids in tapering doses for 6 weeks during the postoperative period and followed up at regular intervals. Evaluations were done by using symptomatic (Sino-Nasal Outcome Test [SNOT-20]), radiologic (Lund Mackay scores), and endoscopic (Kupferberg nasal endoscopic grades) parameters.

Results

Symptomatology scores (SNOT-20) decreased significantly (p = 0.000) with itraconazole. There was a decrease (p = 0.007) in the Lund Mackay scores that reached up to 0. There was complete resolution of disease in 15% of the patients. Reductions in hyperdensities were noted on computed tomography in all the patients after preoperative itraconazole. Polyp sizes decreased and nasal endoscopic grades improved after itraconazole. Postoperative fungal cultures were positive in 60% of the patients in the preoperative itraconazole group compared with 76% of the patients in the control group, which indicated a decreased fungal burden.

Conclusion

We found improvements in clinical, radiologic, and endoscopic parameters in AFS after preoperative itraconazole administration, which decreased the disease load significantly and also reduced the extent of surgery in the short-term follow-up. It may prove to be a good preoperative adjunct that needs further research
Efficacy of Endonasal Phototherapy for Relieving the Symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis: Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cho Hye Kyung , Jeong Yeon Min , Lee Ho Seok , Lee Yeon Ji , Hwang Se Hwan
Published: July 2015

Background

Endonasal phototherapy can relieve the symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR) for the patient. However, there is no consensus on whether or not endonasal phototherapy is effective in reducing the symptoms of AR.

Objective

The goal of this meta-analysis was to perform a systematic review of the available literature on the effects of endonasal phototherapy on symptoms of AR.

Methods

Two authors independently searched medical literature databases from their inception of article collection to July 2014. Studies that scored the nasal symptoms of AR and quality of life related to AR before and after endonasal phototherapy, and that compared the effects of phototherapy (treatment groups) with sham treatment (sham group) or antihistamine administration (antihistamine group) were included in the analysis. The outcomes of interest were total nasal symptom scores, disease-specific quality of life questionnaire assessments, and endoscopic findings (discharge and turbinate hypertrophy). Overall, a total of 13 trials met the inclusion criteria of this study, with a total sample size of 679 patients.

Results

Phototherapy significantly reduced nasal symptoms compared with pretreatment values and improved quality of life. The endoscopic findings also significantly improved after phototherapy. In addition, the symptom score and disease-specific quality of life after treatment were significantly lower in the treatment group versus the sham group, and were similar to those in the antihistamine group.

Conclusions

Phototherapy could provide nasal symptom relief and improve quality of life related to AR. However, when considering the insufficient evaluation of the efficacy of phototherapy according to the treatment methods and the high heterogeneity apparent in some parameters, further clinical trials with robust research methodologies should be conducted to confirm the results of this study.
The Effect of Endoscopic Olfactory Cleft Polyp Removal on Olfaction
Authors: Kuperan Arjuna B. , Lieberman Seth M. , Jourdy Deya N. , Al-Bar Mohammad H. , Goldstein Bradley J. , Casiano Roy R.
Published: July 2015

Background

The presence of olfactory cleft polyps in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis is well documented, but the effect of endoscopic olfactory cleft polyp surgery on olfaction, versus observation, has not been well studied. This analysis assessed if microdebridement of olfactory cleft polyps yields significant objective smell improvements in those with anosmia or hyposmia.

Methods

A randomized prospective single-blinded study was performed on patients undergoing bilateral endoscopic sinus surgery with profound bilateral nasal polyposis, excluding those younger than 18 years or without olfactory polyps. A preoperative University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), visual analog scale (VAS), and sinonasal outcomes 20 score (SNOT-20), and a follow-up at 6 months was performed. Two cohorts were created, including one with cleft polyp removal (group A) and one with cleft polyps left in place (group B).

Results

There were 10 patients in group A and 7 in group B. By using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, the two groups were individually analyzed for changes in the preoperative UPSIT, VAS, and SNOT-20 versus the 6-month test results. In group A, the improvement in the UPSIT, VAS, and SNOT-20 were statistically significant at p < 0.05. For group B only the improvement in the VAS was statistically significant, at p < 0.05. There was a statistically significant difference in clinical smell improvement between group A and B at 6 months (p = 0.00512).

Conclusions

Evidence exists that olfactory cleft polyp surgery improves olfactory function outcomes. Long-term data beyond 6 months is needed to further validate these early promising outcomes.
The Role of Probiotics in Prevention and Treatment for Patients with Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Peng Yi , Li Ailing , Yu Ling , Qin Gang
Published: July 2015

Background

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a disease of respiratory allergy, and probiotics can provide a potential strategy for its management. The purpose of this study was to carry out a systematic review to investigate the role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of AR.

Methods

We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the use of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of AR in the major electronic databases up to March 2014. The quality of the included RCTs was evaluated, and the data were independently extracted by two assessors. Meta-analyses were performed. Continuous data were expressed as the mean difference (MD) or standardized MD with 95% confidence interval (CI). Dichotomous data were expressed as odds ratio with the 95% CI. A p value

Results

A total of 11 RCTs were included in the analysis. Probiotic intake was associated with a significant overall improvement of the quality of life scores and nasal symptom scores of patients with AR (MD −2.97 [95% CI, −4.77 to −1.16)]; p = 0.001). No improvements with regard to prevention or immunologic parameters were noted in the patients with AR.

Conclusions

The current evidence is not sufficiently strong to verify a preventive role of probiotics in AR, but probiotics may improve the overall quality of life and nasal symptom scores. Because the available data were generated from only a few trials with a high degree of heterogeneity, routine use of probiotics for prevention and treatment in patients with AR cannot be recommended.
Tension-Relaxing Method—A Simplified Revision of the Endoscopic Septoplasty Technique: For Both Aesthetic Appearance and Functionality
Authors: Zuo Li , Jing Sa , Zhou Chengyong , Dai Zhiyao , Yang Shuzhi , Sun Baochun , Han Zeli , Chuang Chia-Chen , Range Ethan M. , Wang Feng
Published: July 2015

Objective

This article describes a simplified endonasal approach compared with traditional techniques for the correction of crooked noses by using endoscopic tension-relaxing septoplasty in the absence of nasal splints, with attempts to improve both the aesthetic appearance and functionality.

Study Design

A retrospective study was conducted at our institution with all 26 patients who underwent tension-relaxing rhinoseptoplasty by endoscope between November 2008 and January 2013.

Methods

Patients who were concerned about their aesthetic appearance and nasal obstruction were subjected to anterior rhinoscopy, endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity, and computed tomography for the evaluation of correlations among deformity of the nasal structures and nasal airway. The tension-relaxing method was used in the endoscopic rhinoseptoplasty by an endonasal approach. We introduced this technique in the surgery for patients with a C- or an I-shaped crooked nose. Subjective (visual analog scale) and objective (quantitative electronic meter measurement) assessments were used to evaluate aesthetic appearance. Validated Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale and active anterior rhinomanometry were used to assess nasal obstruction.

Results

All the patients indicated cosmetic satisfaction and reduced nasal obstruction. In cases with I-shaped and C-shaped crooked nose deformities, pre-and postoperative angle values (mean ± standard deviation) were 13.35 ± 3.36° versus 1.85 ± 1.66° (n = 15) and 153.69 ± 6.48° versus 176.64 ± 2.32° (n = 11), respectively. Postoperative correction rates were statistically significant (p < 0.001) in both groups. Results from active anterior rhinomanometry indicated significant improvement in objective nasal obstruction from a mean baseline value of 0.56 ± 0.07 Pa/cm3/s (range, 0.43- 0.69 Pa/cm3/s), to a 12-month value of 0.26 ± 0.02 Pa/cm3/s (range, 0.23-0.29 Pa/cm3/s) (p < 0.001). The mean rhinoseptoplasty duration time was 19.00 ± 3.53 minutes. The nose deformities were significantly improved, with no recurrences of septal deviation or crooked nose, nor complications of septal perforation and nasal infection 12 months after the operation.

Conclusion

This simple technique is feasible and minimally invasive, and may be particularly beneficial to patients with a deviated septum who seek to improve both their aesthetic appearance and nasal functionality. However, this method is not appropriate for those with a crooked nose caused by nasal bone deformity, lateral cartilages, and severe septal deformity.
Higher Knee Flexion Moment During the Second Half of the Stance Phase of Gait Is Associated With the Progression of Osteoarthritis of the Patellofemoral Joint on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Teng Hsiang-Ling , MacLeod Toran D. , Link Thomas M. , Majumdar Sharmila , Souza Richard B.
Published: July 2015

Study Design

Controlled laboratory study, longitudinal design.

Objective

To examine whether baseline knee flexion moment or impulse during walking is associated with the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) with magnetic resonance imaging of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) at 1 year.

Background

Patellofemoral joint OA is highly prevalent and a major source of pain and dysfunction. The biomechanical factors associated with the progression of PFJ OA remain unclear.

Methods

Three-dimensional gait analyses were performed at baseline. Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee (high-resolution, 3-D, fast spin-echo sequence) was used to identify PFJ cartilage and bone marrow edema-like lesions at baseline and a 1-year follow-up. The severity of PFJ OA progression was defined using the modified Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score when new or increased cartilage or bone marrow edema-like lesions were observed at 1 year. Peak external knee flexion moment and flexion moment impulse during the first and second halves of the stance phase of gait were compared between progressors and nonprogressors, and used to predict progression after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and presence of baseline PFJ OA.

Results

Sixty-one participants with no knee OA or isolated PFJ OA were included. Patellofemoral joint OA progressors (n = 10) demonstrated significantly higher peak knee flexion moment (P = .01) and flexion moment impulse (P = .04) during the second half of stance at baseline compared to nonprogressors. Logistic regression showed that higher peak knee flexion moment during the second half of the stance phase was significantly associated with progression at 1 year (adjusted odds ratio = 3.3, P = .01).

Conclusion

Peak knee flexion moment and flexion moment impulse during the second half of stance are related to the progression of PFJ OA and may need to be considered when treating individuals who are at risk of or who have PFJ OA. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(9):656–664. Epub 10 Jul 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5859