bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Levels of Androgenic Hormones in various Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in High School Girls aging 14 to 18 Years
Authors: Akbarzadeh Marzieh , Naderi Tahereh , Dabbaghmaneh Mohammad H , Tabatabaee Hamidreza
Published: April 2016

Introduction

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is mainly diagnosed based on oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea accompanied by clinical or laboratory evidence of hyperandrogenemia. This study aimed to compare the levels of androgenic hormones in various phenotypes of PCOS in high school girls aged 14 to 18 years in 2009.

Materials and methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 3200 girl students aged 14 to 18 years. The research community included high school girls in different educational districts of Shiraz. After obtaining written informed consents, demographic questionnaire was completed and clinical signs of increased androgens (acne, hirsutism and alopecia) were recorded. In addition, ultrasound for cyst was performed for the students with menstrual disorders.

Results

The mean age of the study population was 16.17 ± 1.25 years. Hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries phenotype compared to other phenotypes were more prevalent (45 patients, 30.8%) in the study population. In addition, the mean testosterone, free testosterone (FT), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels were higher in the patients with polycystic ovaries and hyperandrogenism. However, the results of independent t-test revealed no significant difference between the patients with polycystic ovaries and hyperandrogenism and noninfected participants regarding the mean hormone levels (p > 0.05). Yet, the correlation was significant in the other three phenotypes (p < 0.05). Moreover, 144 cases (4.6%) suffered from oligomenorrhea, 29.5% of whom presented PCOS symptoms in the ultrasound.

Conclusion

Androgenic hormone levels were higher in the PCOS phenotypes with menstrual disorders, particularly oligomenorrhea. Therefore, compared to other symptoms of hyperandrogenism and ultrasound, menstrual disorders were more important in PCOS.

How to cite this article

Akbarzadeh M, Naderi T, Dabbaghmaneh MH, Tabatabaee H. Comparison of Levels of Androgenic Hormones in various Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in High School Girls aging 14 to 18 Years. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(1):33-39.

The research is the result of the thesis proposal by Mrs Tahrei Naderi, No. 3958, is financially supported by the Research Vice-chancellor of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.
Multiple Moles Mimicking Malignancy: A Rare Case of Serous Cystadenofibroma
Authors: Shrivastava Deepti , Chaudhary Priyakshi , Mahajan Kalyani S
Published: April 2016

Ovarian cystadenofibroma is a rare benign ovarian tumor that contains both epithelial and fibrous stromal components. The external appearance of cystadenofibroma is complex; cystic-tosolid- appearing masses malignant and aggresive looking, put the gynecologist in dilemma for radical surgical management. No clearcut guidelines available in literature for its management in an infertile woman.

How to cite this article

Shrivastava DS, Mahajan KS, Hariharan C, Chaudhary P. Multiple Moles Mimicking Malignancy: A Rare Case of Serous Cystadenofibroma. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(1):71-73.
Prolapsed Giant Cervical Fibroid Polyp
Authors: Agarwal Mohita , Jaiswal Shalini
Published: April 2016

Giant cervical fibroid polyps causing diagnostic dilemma are rarely encountered in gynecologic practice. The objective of this case report is to document a case of huge cervical polyp large enough to cause prolapse of the otherwise normal uterus and cervix. A 35 years old multipara presented with heaviness in the vagina, pain in lower abdomen for 2 years and something coming out per vaginum, off and on vaginal bleeding and foul smelling discharge for 1 week. On local examination, grossly hypertrophied cervix was seen prolapsed outside the introitus and a large mass about 20 × 18 cm apparently arising from the posterior lip of the cervix. On per rectal examination, uterus was atrophied. Pap smear and showed only inflammatory changes with no evidence of malignancy. After four blood transfusion and control of local infection with systemic antibiotic, patient was taken for surgery. Postoperative recovery was uneventful histopathological report confirmed fibroid-polyp. Although giant cervical fibroid is rare, it may masquerade as neglected 3rd degree uterovaginal prolapse or massive enterocele as in our case. Proper evaluation is needed to make an accurate diagnosis, anticipate operative challenges and strike a judicious and rational approach about deciding the route of hysterectomy.

How to cite this article

Agarwal M, Singh S, Agarwal R, Jaiswal S. Prolapsed Giant Cervical Fibroid Polyp. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(1):77-78.
Pregnancy with Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma
Authors: Sharma Urmila , Agarwal Ritu
Published: April 2016

Adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) during pregnancy is one of the rarest diagnoses and requires a high index of suspicion as symptoms and signs overlap with that of normal pregnancy. Adrenal cortical carcinoma is associated with various fatal maternal and fetal complications. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach with timely management is the key component to prevent grave consequences to mother and the fetus. Here, we present a case of primigravida female with Cushing syndrome diagnosed as ACC.

How to cite this article

Mishra VV, Sharma U, Choudhary S, Aggarwal R, Agarwal R, Gandhi K. Pregnancy with Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016; 8(1):82-84.
Chemical and meteorological influences on the lifetime of NO3 at a semi-rural mountain site during PARADE
Authors: Sobanski N. , Tang M. J. , Thieser J. , Schuster G. , Pöhler D. , Fischer H. , Song W. , Sauvage C. , Williams J. , Fachinger J. , Berkes F. , Hoor P. , Platt U. , Lelieveld J. , Crowley J. N.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Through measurements of NO2, O3 and NO3 during the PARADE campaign (PArticles and RAdicals, Diel observations of mEchanisms of oxidation) in the German Taunus mountains we derive nighttime steady-state lifetimes (τss) of NO3 and N2O5. During some nights, high NO3 (∼ 200 pptv) and N2O5 (∼ 1 ppbv) mixing ratios were associated with values of τss that exceeded 1 h for NO3 and 3 h for N2O5 near the ground. Such long boundary-layer lifetimes for NO3 and N2O5 are usually only encountered in very clean/unreactive air masses, whereas the PARADE measurement site is impacted by both biogenic emissions from the surrounding forest and anthropogenic emissions from the nearby urbanised/industrialised centres. Measurement of several trace gases which are reactive towards NO3 indicates that the inferred lifetimes are significantly longer than those calculated from the summed loss rate. Several potential causes for the apparently extended NO3 and N2O5 lifetimes are examined, including additional routes to formation of NO3 and the presence of a low-lying residual layer. Overall, the most likely cause of the anomalous lifetimes are related to the meteorological conditions, though additional NO3 formation due to reactions of Criegee intermediates may contribute.
The effect of a permafrost disturbance on growing-season carbon-dioxide fluxes in a high Arctic tundra ecosystem
Authors: Cassidy Alison E. , Christen Andreas , Henry Gregory H. R.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Soil carbon stored in high-latitude permafrost landscapes is threatened by warming and could contribute significant amounts of carbon to the atmosphere and hydrosphere as permafrost thaws. Thermokarst and permafrost disturbances, especially active layer detachments and retrogressive thaw slumps, are present across the Fosheim Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, Canada. To determine the effects of retrogressive thaw slumps on net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 in high Arctic tundra, we used two eddy covariance (EC) tower systems to simultaneously and continuously measure CO2 fluxes from a disturbed site and the surrounding undisturbed tundra. During the 32-day measurement period in the 2014 growing season, the undisturbed tundra was a small net sink (NEE  =  −0.1 g C m−2 d−1); however, the disturbed terrain of the retrogressive thaw slump was a net source (NEE  =  +0.4 g C m−2 d−1). Over the measurement period, the undisturbed tundra sequestered 3.8 g C m−2, while the disturbed tundra released 12.5 g C m−2. Before full leaf-out in early July, the undisturbed tundra was a small source of CO2 but shifted to a sink for the remainder of the sampling season (July), whereas the disturbed tundra remained a source of CO2 throughout the season. A static chamber system was also used to measure daytime fluxes in the footprints of the two towers, in both disturbed and undisturbed tundra, and fluxes were partitioned into ecosystem respiration (Re) and gross primary production (GPP). Average GPP and Re found in disturbed tundra were smaller (+0.40 µmol m−2 s−1 and +0.55 µmol m−2 s−1, respectively) than those found in undisturbed tundra (+1.19 µmol m−2 s−1 and +1.04 µmol m−2 s−1, respectively). Our measurements indicated clearly that the permafrost disturbance changed the high Arctic tundra system from a sink to a source for CO2 during the majority of the growing season (late June and July).
Seasonal changes in the D/H ratio of fatty acids of pelagic microorganisms in the coastal North Sea
Authors: Heinzelmann Sandra Mariam , Bale Nicole Jane , Villanueva Laura , Sinke-Schoen Danielle , Philippart Katja , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap Smede , Schouten Stefan , van der Meer Marcel Theunis Jan
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Culture studies of microorganisms have shown that the hydrogen isotopic composition of fatty acids depends on their metabolism, but there are only few environmental studies available to confirm this observation. Here we studied the seasonal variability of the deuterium/hydrogen (D/H) ratio of fatty acids in the coastal Dutch North Sea and compared this with the diversity of the phyto- and bacterioplankton. Over the year, the stable hydrogen isotopic fractionation factor ε between fatty acids and water ranged between −172 ‰ and −237 ‰, the algal-derived polyunsaturated fatty acid nC20:5 being the most D-depleted and nC18:0 the least D-depleted fatty acid. The D-depleted nC20:5 is in agreement with culture studies, which indicates that photoautotrophic microorganisms produce fatty acids which are significantly depleted in D relative to water. The εlipid/water of all fatty acids showed a transient shift towards increased fractionation during the spring phytoplankton bloom, indicated by increasing chlorophyll a concentrations and relative abundance of the nC20:5 PUFA, suggesting increased contributions of photoautotrophy. Time periods with decreased fractionation (less negative εlipid/water values) can be explained by an increased contribution by heterotrophy to the fatty acid pool. Our results show that the hydrogen isotopic composition of fatty acids is a useful tool to assess the community metabolism of coastal plankton.
Bedrock incision by bedload: insights from direct numerical simulations
Authors: Aubert Guilhem , Langlois Vincent J. , Allemand Pascal
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Bedload sediment transport is one of the main processes that contribute to bedrock incision in a river and is therefore one of the key control parameters in the evolution of mountainous landscapes. In recent years, many studies have addressed this issue through experimental setups, direct measurements in the field, or various analytical models. In this article, we present a new direct numerical approach: using the classical methods of discrete-element simulations applied to granular materials, we explicitly compute the trajectories of a number of pebbles entrained by a turbulent water stream over a rough solid surface. This method allows us to extract quantitatively the amount of energy that successive impacts of pebbles deliver to the bedrock, as a function of both the amount of sediment available and the Shields number. We show that we reproduce qualitatively the behaviour observed experimentally by Sklar and Dietrich (2001) and observe both a "tool effect" and a "cover effect". Converting the energy delivered to the bedrock into an average long-term incision rate of the river leads to predictions consistent with observations in the field. Finally, we reformulate the dependency of this incision rate with Shields number and sediment flux, and predict that the cover term should decay linearly at low sediment supply and exponentially at high sediment supply.
On computation of Hough functions
Authors: Wang Houjun , Boyd John P. , Akmaev Rashid A.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Hough functions are the eigenfunctions of the Laplace tidal equation governing fluid motion on a rotating sphere with a resting basic state. Several numerical methods have been used in the past. In this paper, we compare two of those methods: normalized associated Legendre polynomial expansion and Chebyshev collocation. Both methods are not widely used, but both have some advantages over the commonly used unnormalized associated Legendre polynomial expansion method. Comparable results are obtained using both methods. For the first method we note some details on numerical implementation. The Chebyshev collocation method was first used for the Laplace tidal problem by Boyd (1976) and is relatively easy to use. A compact MATLAB code is provided for this method. We also illustrate the importance and effect of including a parity factor in Chebyshev polynomial expansions for modes with odd zonal wave numbers.
Stem–root flow effect on soil–atmosphere interactions and uncertainty assessments
Authors: Kuo Tzu-Hsien , Chen Jen-Ping , Xue Yongkang
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Rainfall that reaches the soil surface can rapidly move into deeper layers in the form of bulk flow through the stem–root flow mechanism. This study developed the stem–root flow parameterization scheme and coupled this scheme with the Simplified Simple Biosphere model (SSiB) to analyze its effects on land–atmospheric interactions. The SSiB model was tested in a single-column mode using the Lien Hua Chih (LHC) measurements conducted in Taiwan and HAPEX–Mobilhy (HAPEX) measurements in France. The results show that stem–root flow generally caused a decrease in soil moisture in the top soil layer and moistened the deeper soil layers. Such soil moisture redistribution results in substantial changes in heat flux exchange between land and atmosphere. In the humid environment at LHC, the stem–root flow effect on transpiration was minimal, and the main influence on energy flux was through reduced soil evaporation that led to higher soil temperature and greater sensible heat flux. In the Mediterranean environment of HAPEX, the stem–root flow substantially affected plant transpiration and soil evaporation, as well as associated changes in canopy and soil temperatures. However, the effect on transpiration could be either positive or negative depending on the relative changes in the soil moisture of the top soil vs. deeper soil layers due to stem–root flow and soil moisture diffusion processes.
Mapping evapotranspiration with high-resolution aircraft imagery over vineyards using one- and two-source modeling schemes
Authors: Xia Ting , Kustas William P. , Anderson Martha C. , Alfieri Joseph G. , Gao Feng , McKee Lynn , Prueger John H. , Geli Hatim M. E. , Neale Christopher M. U. , Sanchez Luis , Alsina Maria Mar , Wang Zhongjing
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Thermal and multispectral remote sensing data from low-altitude aircraft can provide high spatial resolution necessary for sub-field (≤  10 m) and plant canopy (≤  1 m) scale evapotranspiration (ET) monitoring. In this study, high-resolution (sub-meter-scale) thermal infrared and multispectral shortwave data from aircraft are used to map ET over vineyards in central California with the two-source energy balance (TSEB) model and with a simple model having operational immediate capabilities called DATTUTDUT (Deriving Atmosphere Turbulent Transport Useful To Dummies Using Temperature). The latter uses contextual information within the image to scale between radiometric land surface temperature (TR) values representing hydrologic limits of potential ET and a non-evaporative surface. Imagery from 5 days throughout the growing season is used for mapping ET at the sub-field scale. The performance of the two models is evaluated using tower-based measurements of sensible (H) and latent heat (LE) flux or ET. The comparison indicates that TSEB was able to derive reasonable ET estimates under varying conditions, likely due to the physically based treatment of the energy and the surface temperature partitioning between the soil/cover crop inter-row and vine canopy elements. On the other hand, DATTUTDUT performance was somewhat degraded presumably because the simple scaling scheme does not consider differences in the two sources (vine and inter-row) of heat and temperature contributions or the effect of surface roughness on the efficiency of heat exchange. Maps of the evaporative fraction (EF  =  LE/(H + LE)) from the two models had similar spatial patterns but different magnitudes in some areas within the fields on certain days. Large EF discrepancies between the models were found on 2 of the 5 days (DOY 162 and 219) when there were significant differences with the tower-based ET measurements, particularly using the DATTUTDUT model. These differences in EF between the models translate to significant variations in daily water use estimates for these 2 days for the vineyards. Model sensitivity analysis demonstrated the high degree of sensitivity of the TSEB model to the accuracy of the TR data, while the DATTUTDUT model was insensitive to systematic errors in TR as is the case with contextual-based models. However, it is shown that the study domain and spatial resolution will significantly influence the ET estimation from the DATTUTDUT model. Future work is planned for developing a hybrid approach that leverages the strengths of both modeling schemes and is simple enough to be used operationally with high-resolution imagery.
Prediction of geomorphologic parameters of catchment without GIS to estimate runoff using GIUH model
Authors: Keshtkaran Pouyan , Sabzevari Touraj
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Estimation of flood in ungauged catchments has great importance in the design of hydraulic structures. The geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph (GIUH) technique uses geomorphologic parameters to estimate catchment runoff. In this research, regression equations were developed based on geometrical characteristics of nine catchments such as area, length and slope of the main river to estimate geomorphologic data of other catchments with no need for GIS and digital elevation model. These equations were used for verification of stream-order-law ratios as well as geomorphologic parameters corresponding to the Gagas, Heng-Chi and Kasilain catchments. In this study, the effect of stream-order-law ratios on the rate of runoff in Kasilian catchment was examined, and the sensitivity of each ratio was analyzed. The GIUH model was assessed in two cases of GIS-supported and GIS-unsupported. The mean errors of the regression equations in estimation of ratios RB, RL, RA, RS and RSO in three study catchments were 4.7 %, 23.5 %, 7.1 %, 41.3 %, and 22.9 %, respectively. The direct runoff hydrograph for the Heng-Chi and the Kasilian catchments were computed by GIUH model and compared with observed runoff. According to the results, the errors of peak discharge for four rainfall-runoff events in GIS-unsupported case were, on average, 10 % more than the error in the case of GIS-supported GIUH. The results of GIUH for the two cases are very close to each other. The mean coefficient of efficiency of the model was computed as 0.87.
The validation of the Western Canada Waiting List Children’s Mental Health-Priority Criteria Score Instrument: 2002 – 2015 results
Authors: Novick Jason , Cawthorpe David , McLuckie Alan
Published: April 2016

Objective: To assess the validity of the Western Canada Waiting List Children’s Mental Health-Priority Criteria Score (WCWLCMH-PCS) Instrument.Methods: The WCWL-CMH-PCS Instrument was developed in order to prioritize the delivery of child and youth mental health (CYMH) services through standardized measures of urgency. We draw on two data sets describing the PCS scores among patients who have sought CYMH care. The first data set was collected during the first phase of pilot testing for the WCWL-CMH-PCS Instrument (from January – June 2000), during which trained intake workers applied the PCS items to 817 patients aged 5-18 years throughout the three western provinces. The second data set comprises the application of a refined version of the WCWL-CMH-PCS Instrument to 22,013 patients aged 0-19 throughout the Calgary Health Region from 2002 – 2015. For our analysis, we compare the two samples in order to determine the percentage of patients that correspond to specific risk categories for each priority score.Results: For the overall pairwise correlation by item, r = 0.96 and is statistically significant at the .05 level (p < .05). We discovered that there are small differences in the assessments of urgency for access to specialized care, severity of symptoms, family and social factors, and the expected results of care between the two samples. The absolute difference per item is not greater than 12.0%.Conclusions: Overall, our results support the empirical applicability and usefulness of the WCWL-CMH-PCS Instrument within CYMH clinical settings.
Structured Laser Illumination Planar Imaging Based Classification of Ground Coffee Using Multivariate Chemometric Analysis
Authors: K. Bagui Olivier , A. Kaduki Kenneth , Berrocal Edouard , T. Zoueu Jeremie
Published: April 2016

Most commercially available ground coffees are processed from Robusta or Arabica coffee beans. In this work, we report on the potential of Structured Laser Illumination Planar Imaging (SLIPI) technique for the classification of five types of Robusta and Arabica commercial ground coffee samples (Familial, Belier, Brazil, Colombia and Malaga). This classification is made, here, from the measurement of the extinction coefficient µe and of the optical depth OD by means of SLIPI. The proposed technique offers the advantage of eliminating the light intensity from photons which have been multiply scattered in the coffee solution, leading to an accurate and reliable measurement of µe. Data analysis uses the chemometric techniques of Principal Component Anaysis (PCA) for variable selection and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) for classification. The chemometric model demonstrates the potential of this approach for practical assessment of coffee grades by correctly classifying the coffee samples according to their species.
The Practice of Hiring, Training and Promoting Less-Educated Workers in Malaysian-Based Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Mohd Yunus Azmir , Bakar Ab. Rahim , Hamzah Azimi , Wan Jaafar Wan Marzuki
Published: April 2016

This paper reports a qualitative study on the experience of Malaysian employers in hiring, training, and promoting workers with low levels of formal education. Data for this study were obtained from interviews with six individuals who have experience in hiring and supervising less-educated workers. They are managers and executives from three different manufacturing companies: a fabric company, a steel company, and an automotive company. The findings show that less-educated workers are hired for entry-level jobs because they are less demanding and are more likely to stay at the same company for a longer period of time. To compensate for the workers’ lack of education, the employers provide learning opportunities, mostly through on-the-job training. Lack of education is not a barrier to career progression at these companies, because workers are promoted based on performance rather than qualifications.
The Evolution of University Governance in Ghana: Implications for Education Policy and Practice
Authors: Bingab Bernard B. B. , Forson Joseph A. , Mmbali Oscar S. , Baah-Ennumh Theresa Y.
Published: April 2016

The relationship between education and public policy is two way: (1) economic development of a nation depends on the human capital produced by the education system of that nation and (2) public spending and management of the education system is crucial to the welfare of the nation. Changes in this relationship generate public concerns about university governance and its implications to national development. Therefore, this study explores the questions: (1) Have the role and purpose of university governance changed since its inception? (2) Are there differences between the old and the new system of university governance? (3) What larger ramifications does this have on university governance? The study was conducted within the framework of qualitative research design. The researchers adopted the social constructivist worldview with phenomenology approach to inquiry. Participants who were mainly eminent former senior university administrators and regulators with management, administrative and governance experience in public and private university were interviewed. Data was transcribed and read repeatedly over time to make sense of issues raised by informants. Significant statements were selected, interpreted and used in the text to highlight key issues as well as to provide voice of the informants. The findings of the study suggest that remedies for the changes realized in governance should take into account measures such as strengthening institutional capacities; balancing between the interests of the private and public sector actors in university education; and safeguarding the policy space of the ordinary people to participate in university education affairs that concern or affect them. 
Indonesia Education Today: Dating Back Its History of Islam and Imparting European Education System
Authors: Harits Imron Wakhid , Chudy Stefan , Juvova Alena , Andrysova Pavla
Published: April 2016

History of education in Indonesia dates back with its multicultural notion and acculturation since many years ago from Hindu Empire till the Islamic ruler. Later on in the colonial era, European education system gave much influence in Indonesia modern education. It was as if two sides of coin, the coming of European countries, such as Portugal and Dutch in Indonesia carried out lot of miseries on the other hands it also contributed to foster of modern education system in Indonesia. This paper is aimed to examine the influence of Islam and Europe influences to Indonesia Education. Modern Islamic Boarding Schools and Muhammadiyah (name of the biggest Modern Islamic Organization in Indonesia) Schools are the typical of the combination between European and Islamic education system synergy. The ethnography method with the participant –observation is used to get the dept observation and identification of the two different cultural contexts. Although, Many Modern Islamic Boarding Schools or Modern Pesantren and Muhammadiyah Schools have been risen up in Indonesia today, otherwise Pesantren with its traditional system are still existed in Indonesia.
Student Innovation Process from Self-architecting Point of View
Authors: Kharvanagh Mirtaleb Hosseini
Published: April 2016

Love to bubble the innovative creativity within oneself and increase the capacity of creativity capacity in human nature show the most striking difference between him and the other creations and will never be the end for this aim because man has always been following the attainment of immortality and is ahead of its era. The innovative creativity capacity of the mind is the most powerful incentives to form the processes that human could have been successful to represent it till today because human did a lot of searches and endeavors to access the eternity and being vanguard against the time over the time so as to find the solution to this cycle but he couldn’t be successful in this field.

Lack of access to the innovative internal sources is because the man should at the first step be aware of philosophy, ignorance and life and critic them without the slightest consideration so that by attending self architect be aware of the value and the ability of the mind and by depending on own ingenuity move toward the creation of the new theoretical to outshine the time and lead up to the millennium of those won be and the powerful presence and immortality would be realized that it’s output would be entering into the ultramodern mind cycle. The innovation means creating and providing new vents of the theoretical with the content of vanguard against the time. The process of entering to this cycle is so that the student must have believed his ignorance to be able to pass through his mental illness and feels the thirst of knowledge. Now he finds that having the eyes for viewing the wisdom and finding the ingenuity should pass via for main cycle to attend the knowledge and innovation through the sight of his architect (creator). Failure to pass the mentioned process expresses the shuck document with empty reason ownership. Realizing the process of forming own diagram and innovative design in this article has been delivered to the reader as discover page.
Online Interactive Activities to Learn Ramayana Epic by Primary Tamil Students
Authors: Letchumanan Kanthimathi , Muthusamy Paramasivam , Govindasamy Potchelvi , Farashaiyan Atieh
Published: April 2016

The Ramayana epic has many moral values that can be used as guidance in our daily life especially for the development of a person towards a better direction. Besides this, there are many other lessons that can be learned from within each Ramayana epic stories, for example, the values and norms, customs, mannerism lessons and the various characteristics of people and so on. But today’s digital or Net Generation teenagers do not find reading Ramayana as fun or interesting because of its text form. The technology is more advanced and Ramayana epics look very ancient in the eyes of this Digital Natives. This study used the idea of gamification, a game play mechanics to create meaningful learning experiences and make the learning more interesting and fun. Gamification also looks at games and learning from a different angle on how to make learning more meaningful, engaging, interactive, fun and interesting. In view of this, this research aims to seek if the use of online interactive activities could encourage and motivate teenagers to read Ramayana epics. Forty Primary Tamil students participated in this study voluntarily. The data were collected through a questionnaire. Based on the pre-questionnaire data regarding respondents’ prior knowledge on Ramayana, it was found that respondents had minimal knowledge about it. 37% said they would like to read the epic through comic books and 63% claimed that they would prefer computer. This study has some implications for computer assisted language learning. 
Daily Deference Rituals and Social Hierarchy in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Kien
Published: April 2016

Since Doi Moi (i.e. the Renovation) in 1986, Vietnam has substantially transformed its society from one of the poorest countries into a middle-income country. The socio-economic reform have led academics to the focus on studying macro problems such as economic reform, weak government, civil society or social inequality. In the mean time, the investigation of micro aspects presented in everyday life has been often neglected. The presentation of everyday life, however, is essential to understand social structure in general. This paper employs the concept of “deference rituals” developed by Erving Goffman to investigate the ways Vietnamese people address others, give them exclamations, and perform salutation rituals in their day-to-day life. By doing so, the paper aims to answer the question that why it is functional for society that those deference rituals are carried out; and what their performance does accomplish for maintenance of social interaction order. The paper finds out that although these small rituals are usually considered as mundane forms, their displays serve to help Vietnamese participants show their respect to and readiness to comply with the wishes of the seniors, ensuring the stability of a hierarchical order.
A Cross-sectional Study of the Impact of Transformational Leadership on Integrative Conflict Management
Authors: Hunitie Mohammad
Published: April 2016

This research is designed to study the impact of the components of transformational leadership style (individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation and idealized influence) on a particular style of conflict management, i.e. integrative. Jordanian public ministries comprised the population of the research. A random sample consisting of 75 frontline managers from 15 ministries was used to collected research data via a valid and reliable questionnaire. The research leads to acceptance of the hypothesis that individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation, and idealized influence are positively associated with the integrative style of conflict management. Intellectual stimulation is the dimension that has the greatest influence on the integrative style of conflict management, followed by idealized influence. Individualized consideration has the lowest influence on the integrative conflict management style. Thus, frontline managers should be informed about, trained and encouraged to adopt transformational leadership practices and to use their integrative qualities to enhance the management of organizational conflicts.
Identifying and Ranking Health Tourism Development Barriers in Iran Using Fuzzy VIKOR Method
Authors: Taghizadeh Yazdi Mohammad Reza , Barazandeh Hamid
Published: April 2016

The present research is an applied study which employed a descriptive-correlation method. After a review of the related literature and survey of opinions of health tourism industry experts, the considered criteria in evaluation and ranking health tourism barriers were determined. Subsequently, 4 criteria (price, quality, accessibility, and proper time) were selected as the most important criteria. Using purposeful sampling method, out of cities and regions with health tourism attraction, four cities were selected as the most important cities with health tourism attraction. Using Fuzzy VIKOR method, quality was found to be the highest importance and proper time was determined as the lowest important criterion. Among sub-indices, improper medical quality was found to have the highest importance (weight). Among the selected cities, Mazandaran was found to have the highest priority. Shiraz, Tabriz and Mashhad, then, had the highest importance, respectively, in terms of health tourism development barriers. 
Flood and Land Property Values
Authors: Ismail Nur Hafizah , Karim Mohd Zaini Abd , Basri Bakti Hasan
Published: April 2016

Flood disaster has become a natural concern to the land owners where it raised a critical issue in term of land value depreciation. Previous studies have discussed the issue of potential decline in the value of land which are located on the flood-liable area. However, in Malaysia, current studies on flood impact are considered limited and do not focus on the effects of flood on land property. With the Hedonic Pricing Model (HPM) approach, we investigate the effect of flood on agricultural and industrial land property values in the urban and rural areas in Malaysia. The analysis indicates that the agricultural and industrial land values in the urban and rural areas have significantly decreased due to flood events. This study will benefit the land owners to understand the flood impact on land value and also the factors that contribute to the loss in the land value. It becomes the responsibility of the land owner to put the asset and property to its best use, given the presence of the flood. In addition, this study will help the policy maker to design and allocate land development efficiently in the urban or rural areas for agricultural and industrial project to ensure depreciation value of the land is minimized in the case of flood.
Investment vs. Refurbishment: Examining Capacity Payment Mechanisms Using Stochastic Mixed Complementarity Problems
Authors: Lynch Muireann Á. , Devine Mel T.
Published: April 2016

Capacity remuneration mechanisms exist in many electricity markets. Capacity mechanism designs do not explicitly consider the effects of refurbishment of existing generation units in order to increase their reliability. This paper presents a stochastic mixed complementarity problem to examine the impact of refurbishment on electricity prices and generation investment. Capacity payments are found to increase reliability when refurbishment is not possible, while capacity payments and reliability options yield similar results when refurbishment is possible. Final costs to consumers are similar under the two mechanisms with the exception of the initial case of overcapacity.
Collectief procederen vanuit de visie van een rechter
Authors: Hammerstein A.
Published: April 2016

Collectief procederen vanuit de visie van een rechter

Het is niet wenselijk dat aan de rechter een belangrijke rol wordt toegekend in de collectieve procedure. Een belangrijk hulpmiddel zou kunnen zijn dat in de procedure deskundigen worden betrokken die de soorten van schade in kaart brengen en daarbij behorende categorieën van schadevergoeding bepalen. Hoewel het belang van de toetsing van de kwaliteit van de claimorganisatie duidelijk is, past een doorlopende ontvankelijkheidskwestie niet in een effectieve procedure. Het verdient juist geen aanbeveling dat in een procedure één claimorganisatie als de leidende wordt aangewezen.
Confusão do Consumidor no Cenário Multimídia e Multicanal: Definição do Construto e Agenda de Pesquisa
Authors: Broilo Patricia Liebesny , Espartel Lélis Balestrin
Published: April 2016

A crescente oferta de escolha no universo de consumo pode implicar em confuso do consumidor. Frente falta de uma definio consolidada desse construto, investigou-se a compreenso e conhecimentos acumulados sobre o fenmeno. Utilizou-se o mtodo de teoria fundamentada aplicado a uma reviso sistematizada da literatura, em seleo de 93 artigos publicados na ltima dcada. Como resultado, foram identificadas seis compreenses distintas e achados empricos associados a cada uma delas. Concluiu-se existir uma tendncia de compreenso abrangente trajetria de consumo como um todo, faltando, porm, maior enfoque na confuso relacionada conectividade do consumidor no cenrio multimdia e multicanal. O presente artigo prope, portanto, uma nova definio do construto e questes a serem exploradas em estudos futuros.
Connoisseurship Consumption and Market Evolution: An Instituional Theory Perspective on the Growth of Specialty Coffee Consumption in the USA
Authors: Quintão Ronan Torres , Brito Eliane Pereira Zamith
Published: April 2016

Many scholars in the consumer culture field have attempted to understand how market evolves. Recently, marketing research has focused on the consumer-marketer relationship, considering peripheral consumers, and other marketplace actors who play important roles in consumption. However, little research in the marketing field has addressed the market dynamics in a context where consumers involved in connoisseurship practices take part in some aspect of institutional market change. Drawing from institutional theory, we develop answers to the question: how does the increasing prevalence of connoisseurship consumption affect the market? Inspired by the legitimacy concept, we evaluate the specialty coffee consumption context in order to advance and systematically analyze the role of connoisseurship consumption in the market. In extensive qualitative study, 542 newspaper articles from 1980 to 2013 were analyzed. This research offers two main contributions to the existing literature. First, several types of cultural-cognitive legitimacy (including consumer generational, health concerns, and taste) began to shift in the 1980s, which increased the connoisseurship consumption and affected the market well into the 2000s. Second, connoisseurship consumption arises when marketplace actors intersect with the tastes and desires of consumers.
A Linguagem das Propagandas Sustentáveis: Comunicação Aliada a Mercadologia
Authors: Monteiro Thel Augusto , Giuliani Antonio Carlos , Pizzinatto Nadia Kassouf , Zaccaria Rosana Borges
Published: April 2016

As empresas buscam vantagem competitiva, essencialmente, ao desenvolver determinados elementos da mercadologia, entre eles o produto, preo, praa e a promoo. No entanto, observa-se que na tentativa de cativar um determinado pblico-alvo, a promoo passa a ganhar maior espao na estratgia empresarial. Elementos como a comunicao, sua linguagem, o desenvolvimento do texto publicitrio e a utilizao de apelos de sustentabilidade, ganham fora no planejamento, desenvolvimento e criao de peas publicitrias. Este artigo utiliza um rico referencial terico que resgata conceitos e abordagens especficas a linguagem das propagandas sustentveis, e a utilizao da comunicao junto as estratgias de marketing. Com esse estudo, busca-se apresentar as organizaes e a academia os elementos chave que podem compor um linguagem especifica do desenvolvimento de propagandas.
AÇÕES COLETIVAS PARA A PROMOÇÃO DE EXPORTAÇÕES DO SETOR APÍCOLA BRASILEIRO: O CASO DA ASSOCIAÇÃO ABEMEL
Authors: Farias Josivania Silva , Miranda Luiza Mariana Silveira
Published: April 2016

Este trabalho discute, segundo a ótica de membros da Associação Brasileira dos Exportadores de Mel (ABEMEL), as contribuições das ações coletivas para a solução de barreiras à promoção das exportações do setor apícola brasileiro. No marco teórico, apontam-se as redes, as ações coletivas, a internacionalização, as exportações e suas principais barreiras. Trata-se de um estudo de caso de abordagem predominantemente qualitativa. A unidade de análise é a ABEMEL, composta por 32 membros, com sede em Rio Claro, São Paulo. Destaca-se como entidade representativa do setor apícola brasileiro. Para a coleta das evidências empíricas utilizaram-se questionário fechado e roteiro de entrevista aplicados via e-mail, com a participação de 10 respondentes do questionário e quatro entrevistados, além de entrevista com representante da gerência da ABEMEL e de análise documental. Procedeu-se à análise de conteúdo com categorização a priori e em pequena etapa quantitativa extraíram-se médias e desvio-padrão. Concluiu-se que os associados percebem ganhos advindos de ações coletivas mediadas pela associação, que atua como um dos atores relevantes para estruturação do setor apícola. Entretanto, são percebidos desafios ainda maiores que envolvem esforços contundentes por parte de atores governamentais e empresariais.
A DESESTATIZAÇÃO DO SETOR DE TELECOMUNICAÇÕES NO BRASIL
Authors: Irineu Tiago De Jesus
Published: April 2016

Esse artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar o processo de desestatização do setor de telecomunicações brasileiro e delinear a situação vigente nos últimos anos. Para o referido fim, é feita uma revisão sistemática da literatura especializada e uso de dados disponibilizados pela Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações. Ao contrastar a realidade atual das telecomunicações com o período anterior à sua privatização, conclui-se que alguns objetivos das privatizações, como a universalização do acesso e o impedimento de um monopólio privado, foram alcançados. No entanto, problemas regulatórios persistem e demonstram que é necessário padronizar algumas áreas – onde leis municipais e federais se sobrepõem – e instituir uma agência reguladora que esteja atenta a rápidas mudanças tecnológicas e à concentração do mercado de telefonia móvel.
Nejpoužívanější psychodiagnostické metody v České republice
Authors: Urbánek Tomáš
Published: April 2016

Cílem článku je stručné srovnání výsledků dvou výzkumů o psychodiagnostických metodách používaných v České republice. Zatímco výzkum prováděný v letech 2001-2003 (Svoboda et al., 2004) se pokoušel zmapovat všechny používané metody, průzkum provedený v roce 2009 se týkal spíše názorů uživatelů psychodiagnostických metod na různé aspekty testování a položka dotazující se na tři psychodiagnostické metody nejvíce používané respondentem byla víceméně doplňková. Z toho vyplývají i rozdíly ve výsledcích obou výzkumů. Chápeme je jako východisko pro recenzování psychodiagnostických metod.
Pedagogicko-psychologická diagnostika jako zadní dvorek psychologické diagnostiky?
Authors: Mareš Jan
Published: April 2016

Diskusní příspěvek připomíná pedagogicko-psychologickou diagnostiku jako jednu z významných oblastí psychologické diagnostiky. Na proklamativní úrovni je individualizace výuky jedním z ústředních témat změn probíhajících ve vzdělávacím systému od 90. let a logicky přináší požadavek na lepší znalost individuálních specifik jednotlivých žáků. Diagnostická praxe ale tento rozvoj kopíruje jen částečně. Historicky rozvinuté oblasti pedagogicko-psychologické diagnostiky si udržují svou úroveň, řada nových témat a oblastí ale zůstává opomíjena a je řešena neuspokojivým způsobem s logickými důsledky pro celý vzdělávací systém, tvorbu a použití diagnostických nástrojů i pro konkrétní žáky či studenty. Pedagogicko-psychologická diagnostika tak přestala být diagnostickou výkladní skříní a stal se z ní spíše zadní dvorek diagnostiky, jakkoli s ní má zkušenost prakticky celá populace. Řadu diagnostických aktivit v oblasti výchovy a vzdělávání navíc můžeme chápat jako příklad tzv. high-stakes diagnostiky. V příspěvku se pokouším pojmenovat některé problematické části systému profesní přípravy uživatelů diagnostických nástrojů a jejich výsledků i vzdělávací politiky a její implementace v podobě předpisů upravujících diagnostiku v oblasti výchovy a vzdělávání. Papers discuss educational assessment as one of the major areas of psychological assessment. On the declarative level, the individualization of teaching is one of the central themes of the changes taking place in the Czech education system since the 90th years and logically demands a better knowledge of the individual characteristics of each individual student. Educational assessment practice this system development only partially replicates. Historically developed educational assessment areas maintain high level, but a number of new topics and areas are sidelined and assessment tools are designed unsatisfactory, with the logic consequences for the entire education system. Educational assessment ceased to be a showcase for diagnostic and became her backyard, although the entire population has experience with this kind of assessment. A number of assessment activities in the field of education can be seen as an example of high-stakes assessment. The paper tries to identify some problematic part of the training of users of diagnostic tools and their results and educational policy and its implementation in the form of regulations governing the assessment in the field of education.
Bostonský kvalitatívny skórovací systém vyhodnocovania Reyovho-Osterriethovho testu komplexnej figúry v diagnostike kognitívneho deficitu
Authors: Šmotek Michal , Slavkovská Miriam
Published: April 2016

Cieľom článku je predstaviť u nás doposiaľ neznámy Bostonský kvalitatívny skórovací systém pre Reyov-Osterriethov test komplexnej figúry a možnosti jeho využitia v neuropsychologickej diagnostike kognitívneho deficitu.