bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feature Fusion Network with Local Information Exchange for Underwater Object Detection
Authors: Liu Xiaopeng , Ma Pengwei , Chen Long
Published: February 2025

When using enhanced images for underwater object detection, issues such as detail loss and increased noise often arise, leading to decreased detection efficiency. To address this issue, we propose the Feature Fusion Network with Local Information Exchange (FFNLIE) for underwater object detection. We input raw and enhanced images into the Swin Transformer in parallel for feature extraction. Then, we propose a local information exchange module to enhance the feature extraction capability of the Swin Transformer. In order to fully utilize the complementary information of the two images, our feature fusion module consists of two core components: the Discrepancy Information Addition Block (DIAB) and the Common Information Addition Block (CIAB). The DIAB and CIAB are designed by utilizing and modifying cross-attention mechanisms, which can easily extract image discrepancy information and common information. Finally, the fused features are fed into the object detector to perform object detection tasks. The experimental findings demonstrate that the FFNLIE exhibited exceptional performance across four underwater datasets.
A 5-Transistor CMOS Voltage Reference with Double Supply-Regulation
Authors: Jung Minji , Min Kyeongmin , Son Hyunwoo , Ji Youngwoo
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an ultra-low-power CMOS voltage reference designed and verified in an 180 nm standard CMOS technology. To achieve DC and AC supply sensitivity under 0.01%/V and −100 dB, it employs a single transistor and two 2-T cores to improve supply immunity with minimal overhead, adding only one drain-to-source voltage for the total supply voltage. The proposed design achieves a line sensitivity of 0.0027%/V in a supply voltage range of 0.5 V to 2 V and consumes 630 pW with a supply voltage of 0.5 V. The simulated temperature coefficient is 12 ppm/°C in a temperature range of −40 °C to 150 °C, and the simulated power supply rejection ratio is −100.5 dB at 100 Hz without requiring any output decoupling capacitor.
A Method for Sensing the Internal Current Distribution State of Press-Pack IGBT Devices Based on Hall Sensors
Authors: Yuan Xi , Ji Yirun , Yuan Wenqian , Huai Qing , Hao Zhen , Dongye Zhonghao
Published: February 2025

Flexible DC transmission technology is an important support for constructing new power systems. The press-pack IGBT device has the advantages of double-sided heat dissipation and high power density in series and is the core device in the flexible HVDC project. However, the compact parallel arrangement of multiple chips in the press-pack IGBT (PPI) device easily causes uneven current distribution in the device, which affects its reliability. In this paper, a noninvasive sensing method for the internal current distribution of the PPI device is proposed based on the measurement of the external magnetic field and the numerical analysis of the magnetic field. According to the correlation between the device current distribution and the external magnetic field, a noninvasive current distribution sensing method based on the measurement and numerical analysis of the external magnetic field is proposed, and the placement strategy of the magnetic field measurement points is given. The error of the perception method under ideal conditions is analyzed, the error size and rule are summarized, and the correction methods are given, respectively. Finally, a magnetic field measuring device is designed and verified by experiments. The results can accurately indicate the direction of pressure deviation.
PDNet by Partial Deep Convolution: A Better Lightweight Detector
Authors: Wang Wei , Meng Yuanze , Li Han , Li Shun , Zhang Chenghong , Zhang Guanghui , Lei Weimin
Published: February 2025

Model lightweighting is significant in edge computing and mobile devices. Current studies on fast network design mainly focuses on model computation compression and speedup. Many models aim to compress models by dealing with redundant feature maps. However, most of these methods choose to preserve the feature maps with simple manipulations and do not effectively reduce redundant feature maps. This paper proposes a new convolution module, PDConv, which compresses redundant feature maps to reduce network complexity and increase network width to maintain accuracy. PDConv (Partial Deep Convolution) outperforms traditional methods in handling redundant feature maps, particularly in deep networks. Its FLOPs are comparable to deep separable convolution but with higher accuracy. This paper proposes PDBottleNeck and PDC2f (Partial Deep CSPDarknet53 to 2-Stage FPN) and build the lightweight network PDNet for experimental validation using the PASCAL VOC dataset. Compared to the popular HorNet, our method achieves an improvement of more than 25% in FLOPs and 1.8% in mAP50:95 accuracy. On the CoCo2017 dataset, our large PDNet achieves a 0.5% improvement in mAP75 and lower FLOPs than the latest RepVit.
A Novel Non-Resonant Full-Bridge Multi-Output Topology for Domestic Induction Heating Applications
Authors: Aslan Sezer , Oktay Ulas , Altintas Nihan
Published: February 2025

Induction heating technology plays a significant role in heating applications with its high efficiency, fast response, and precise control ability. Traditional resonant inverter-based systems face problems such as complexity, lack of flexibility, and low efficiency in multi-load situations. To overcome these issues, a new non-resonant full-bridge multiple-output inverter topology using silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductor devices is presented. While the system is simplified by eliminating resonant components, efficiency is increased thanks to SiC devices. In the study, a coil design methodology focusing on coil resistance and inductance is presented to optimize energy transfer and maximize system performance. Load-sensing and advanced frequency-modulation techniques are integrated to provide precise and independent power regulation in multi-loads. Thus, the efficiency of energy distribution and system robustness are increased. The proposed topology offers heating performance that provides homogeneous heat distribution. The developed prototype was proven to operate reliably with high efficiency under different load conditions and was suitably applied for domestic induction heating applications. An efficiency of 96.78% was achieved at a 50 kHz operating frequency and 2000 W power level.
Evolutionary Computing Control Strategy of Nonholonomic Robots with Ordinary Differential Equation Kinematics Model
Authors: Wu Jiangtao , Cheng Hong , Tian Kefei , Li Peinan
Published: February 2025

This paper introduces an Evolutionary Computing Control Strategy (ECCS) for the motion control of nonholonomic robots, and integrates an ordinary differential equation (ODE)-based kinematics model with a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) strategy and a particle-based evolutionary computing (PEC) algorithm. The ECCS addresses the key challenges of traditional NMPC controllers, such as their tendency to fall into local optima when solving nonlinear optimization problems, by leveraging the global optimization capabilities of evolutionary computation. Experiment results on the MATLAB Simulink platform demonstrate that the proposed ECCS significantly improves motion control accuracy and reduces control errors compared to linearized MPC (LMPC) strategies. Specifically, the ECCS reduces the maximum error by 90.6% and 94.5%, the mean square error by 67.8% and 92.6%, and the root mean square error by 43.5% and 70.3% in velocity control and steering angle control, respectively. Furthermore, experiments are separately implemented on the CarSim platform and the physical environment to verify the availability of the proposed ECCS. Furthermore, experiments are separately implemented on the CarSim platform and the physical environment to verify the availability of the proposed ECCS. These results validate the effectiveness of embedding ODE kinematics into the evolutionary computing framework for robust and efficient motion control of nonholonomic robots.
Long-Term Reliability of Semi-Transparent Photovoltaic Panels Based on Luminescent Solar Concentrators
Authors: Mangherini Giulio , Sollazzo Leonardo , Diolaiti Valentina , Gawronska Malgorzata , Sanna Carla , Damiano Alfonso , Vincenzi Donato
Published: February 2025

Long-term reliability is crucial for the commercialization of semi-transparent photovoltaic panels based on Luminescent Solar Concentrators (LSCs). This study addresses key challenges such as photodegradation and hail resistance using glazed LSC prototypes functionalized with organic Lumogen F dyes. A pilot-scale batch of LSC prototypes (10 × 10 cm2) underwent extensive outdoor exposure tests following the IEC 62108 “10.15 Outdoor Exposure Test” to evaluate long-term stability under natural solar radiation. Continuous monitoring revealed that prototypes with Lumogen F Red 305 experienced a 29% efficiency drop initially, which stabilized over time, indicating potential long-term stability. In contrast, those with Lumogen F Violet 570 showed minimal degradation, with only a 9% efficiency reduction. Additionally, the hail resistance of LSC panels was tested using the IEC 62108 “10.9 Hail Impact Test”. Panels with varying glass thickness, tempering methods, and surface areas were subjected to impact from 25 mm hailstones launched at 22.4 ± 5% m/s. All samples remained undamaged, highlighting their excellent hail resistance, a critical feature for preserving performance despite potential surface damage. This study demonstrates that combining glazed lightguides with polyvinyl butyral improves photostability and provides a cost-effective alternative to expensive fluorophores, while ensuring compliance with hail resistance standards.
Assessing the Environmental Sustainability Corridor in South Africa: The Role of Biomass Energy and Coal Energy
Authors: Salah Ahlam Sayed A. , Işıktaş Serdal , Khalifa Wagdi M. S.
Published: February 2025

South Africa’s national development plan has outlined aspirations to achieve a sustainable environment. However, the country remains bound for an unsustainable trajectory. Despite this ecological issue, no studies have probed how biomass and coal energy impact ecological quality. In light of this gap, this study inspects the environmental effect of political risk, coal energy, and biomass energy in South Africa. Also, this study integrates economic growth and natural resources into its framework. This study uses the load capacity factor (LC), which is a more aggregate proxy of ecological quality due to its accounting for the demand and supply aspect of the environment. This study uses the dynamic autoregressive distributive lag estimator (ARDL), which is capable of not only providing details of the influence of each determinant on LC in the long and short term but also of capturing the counterfactual shock of positive or negative exogenous variables on the LC. The kernel regularized least squares (KRLS) method is used for a robustness analysis of the dynamic ARDL approach. Furthermore, the findings of the dynamic ARDL simulation estimator disclose the negative impact of economic growth on the LC, thereby contributing to environmental deterioration by 0.552%. Natural resources and coal energy have an adverse impact on the LC, indicating a reduction in environmental sustainability by 0.037% and 0.290%, respectively. Meanwhile, biomass contributes to the LC, thereby promoting ecological quality by 0.421%. Political risk contributes to the reduction in the LC. This research provides pertinent policy considerations for policymakers and governments in South Africa, suggesting that the government of South Africa should invest in biomass energy and sustainable extraction procedures since biomass energy has a vital role in increasing ecological quality.
Improved Multi-Objective Strategy Diversity Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization of Ordered Charging Strategy for Electric Vehicles Considering User Behavior
Authors: Zhao Shuyi , Ma Chenshuo , Cao Zhiao
Published: February 2025

With the development of the EV industry, the number of EVs is increasing, and the random charging and discharging causes a great burden on the power grid. Meanwhile, the increasing electricity bills reduce user satisfaction. This article proposes an algorithm that considers user satisfaction to solve the charging and discharging scheduling problem of EVs. This article adds an objective function to quantify user satisfaction and addresses the issues of premature local optima and insufficient diversity in the MOPSO algorithm. Based on the performance of different particles, the algorithm assigns elite particle, general particle, and learning particle roles to the particles and assigns strategies for maintaining search, developing search, and learning search, respectively. In order to avoid falling into local optima, chaotic sequence perturbations are added during each iteration process avoiding premature falling into local optima. Finally, case studies are implemented and the comparison analysis is performed in terms of the use and benefit of each design feature of the algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm is capable of achieving up to 23% microgrid load reduction and up to 20% improvement in convergence speed compared to other algorithms. It is superior to other algorithms in solving the problem of orderly charging and discharging of electric vehicles and has strong usability and feasibility.
Drying Time, Energy and Exergy Efficiency Prediction of Corn (Zea mays L.) at a Convective-Infrared-Rotary Dryer: Approach by an Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Abbaspour-Gilandeh Yousef , Zadhossein Safoura , Kaveh Mohammad , Szymanek Mariusz , Hassannejad Sahar , Wojciechowska Krystyna
Published: February 2025

Energy consumption in the drying industry has made drying an energy-intensive operation. In this study, the drying time, quality properties (color, shrinkage, water activity and rehydration ratio), specific energy consumption (S.E.C), thermal, energy and exergy efficiency of corn drying using a hybrid dryer convective-infrared-rotary (CV-IR-D) were analyzed. In addition, the energy parameters and exergy efficiency of corn were predicted using the artificial neural network (ANN) technique. The experiments were conducted at three rotary rotation speeds of 4, 8 and 12 rpm, drying temperatures of 45, 55 and 65 °C, and infrared power of 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 kW. By increasing drying temperature, infrared power and rotary rotation speed, the drying time, S.E.C and water activity decreased while the Deff, energy, thermal and exergy efficiency increased. In addition, the highest values of rehydration ratio and redness (a*) and the lowest values of shrinkage, brightness (L*), yellowness (b*) and color changes (ΔE) were obtained at an infrared power of 0.5 kW, air temperature of 55 °C and rotation speed of 8 rpm. The range of changes in S.E.C, energy, thermal and exergy efficiency during the corn drying process was 5.05–28.15 MJ/kg, 3.26–29.29%, 5.5–32.33% and 21.22–55.35%. The prediction results using ANNs showed that the R for the drying time, S.E.C, thermal, energy and exergy data were 0.9938, 0.9906, 0.9965, 0.9874 and 0.9893, respectively, indicating a successful prediction.
Data Value-Added Service Comprehensive Evaluation Method on the Performance of Power System Big Data
Authors: Zhang Hao , Liang Ye , Zhang Hao , Wang Jing , Li Yuanzhuo , Rong Xiaorui , Gao Hongda
Published: February 2025

With the development of digital economy, the integration and secure sharing of energy big data have become pivotal in driving innovation across the energy production, distribution, and consumption sectors. For power enterprises, leveraging data to enhance operational efficiency and drive business development will play a crucial role in value added. Firstly, based on the value-added service framework system of grid enterprises, this paper explores the basic technologies for power data applications and designs a technical roadmap for value-added services. Secondly, the proposed methodology incorporates the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and gray comprehensive evaluation method (GCE) to determine the weights of key factors affecting the value-added services. Empirical research is conducted to validate the feasibility of typical value-added services. Additionally, this paper proposes methods for evaluating the benefits of value-added services and identifies key technologies in data mining and management, customer value discovery, and data asset utilization, providing theoretical support and practical pathways for the digital transformation of power enterprises.
Two-Stage Integrated Optimization Design of Reversible Traction Power Supply System
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Liu Wei , Xu Qian , Yang Zhuoxin , Xia Dingxin , Liu Haonan
Published: February 2025

In a traction power supply system, the design of traction substations significantly influences both the system’s operational stability and investment costs, while the energy management strategy of the flexible substations affects the overall operational expenses. This study proposes a novel two-stage system optimization design method that addresses both the configuration of the system and the control parameters of traction substations. The first stage of the optimization focuses on the system configuration, including the optimal location and capacity of traction substations. In the second stage, the control parameters of the traction substations, particularly the droop rate of reversible converters, are optimized to improve regenerative braking energy utilization by applying a fuzzy logic-based adjustment strategy. The optimization process aims to minimize the total annual system cost, incorporating traction network parameters, power supply equipment costs, and electricity expenses. The parallel cheetah algorithm is employed to solve this complex optimization problem. Simulation results for Metro Line 9 show that the proposed method reduces the total annual project costs by 5.8%, demonstrating its effectiveness in both energy efficiency and cost reduction.
Electromagnetic Design and End Effect Suppression of a Tubular Linear Voice Motor for Precision Vibrating Sieves
Authors: Luo Meizhu , Zhang Zijiao , Jiang Yan , Duan Ji-an
Published: February 2025

Precision vibrating sieves need a kind of power source, featuring small size, high frequency response, and small vibration amplitude. Linear Voice Coil Motor (LVCM) can achieve a high accelerated speed in a short stroke; it is an appropriate power source for the precision vibrating sieves. This paper designs a tubular LVCM with a volume no more than 6 cm3 and a stroke no less than 1.5 mm. The electromagnetic topology of this LVCM is established to validate its feasibility; the back Electromotive Force (back EMF) and the electromagnetic force are calculated. The end effect of this tubular LVCM is studied in detail; the auxiliary pole and the magnetic conductive stator base are designed to suppress its end detent force. Then, the main structure parameters are globally optimized by the multi-objective genetic algorithm to obtain better performance. The prototype of this tubular LVCM is manufactured and tested. The results of the experiments are compared with those of theoretical analyses. It is indicated that this tubular LVCM can provide an accelerated speed of 15g; g is the gravitational acceleration.
COVID-19’s Financial Impact on UK Football Clubs
Authors: Poo Mark Ching-Pong , Strain Matthew , Adebiyi Isaac , Qi Baomin
Published: February 2025

This entry explores the financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the football industry, highlighting the challenges, adaptations, and long-term implications for clubs across all levels. It examines the industry’s financial fragility, particularly for clubs reliant on matchday revenue, while showcasing adaptive strategies such as digital engagement, government support, and revenue diversification that sustained operations during the crisis. The pandemic exposed structural vulnerabilities within football, from elite clubs to grassroots teams, through revenue shortfalls caused by closed stadiums, cancelled matches, and reduced sponsorships. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the pandemic’s effects on revenue streams, fixed costs, player contracts, and stakeholder roles, offering insights into strategies that promote financial resilience. Case studies illustrate how elite, semi-professional, and grassroots clubs responded to financial and operational challenges, emphasising the importance of diversified income sources, proactive financial planning, and community support. By identifying lessons from the pandemic, the entry underscores the critical need for sustainable practises and resilient models to prepare the football industry for future disruptions.
Application of Electronic Tongue for Detection and Classification of Lead Concentrations in Coal Mining Wastewater
Authors: Gómez Jeniffer Katerine Carrillo , Barrera Laura Daniela Patiño , Acevedo Cristhian Manuel Durán
Published: February 2025

This study evaluates the potential of an electronic tongue (E-tongue) as an innovative and alternative method for detecting and classifying lead concentrations in wastewater generated by coal mining activities in North Santander, Colombia. The E-tongue aims to complement traditional environmental monitoring techniques with a more efficient and accurate solution. A total of 110 wastewater samples were collected from two locations at a coal mine in the municipality of Toledo: one inside the mine (Point 2) and another outside the mine (Point 1). This research involved the physicochemical analysis of parameters such as pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), hardness, and alkalinity, conducted at the University of Pamplona’s laboratories. The integration of PCA with machine learning algorithms highlighted the E-tongue’s capability for the real-time, on-site detection and discrimination of lead concentrations in coal mining wastewater. Achieving a precision and accuracy above 90%, the SVM classifier outperformed alternative models such as the k-NN, Random Forest, Naïve Bayes, and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis. This demonstrates the system’s robustness and reliability in environmental monitoring, enabling the accurate classification of lead concentrations within the critical range of 0.05 to 1 ppm, essential for assessing contamination levels and ensuring water safety. These findings highlight the E-tongue system’s capability as a rapid, cost-effective tool for monitoring lead contamination in mining wastewater, presenting a viable alternative to conventional methods such as atomic absorption spectroscopy.
Carbon Footprint of By-Product Concentrate Feed: A Case Study
Authors: Sabia Emilio , Braghieri Ada , Vignozzi Luca , Paolino Rosanna , Cosentino Carlo , Di Trana Adriana , Pacelli Corrado
Published: February 2025

Using by-products in livestock feed can be an additional strategy for safeguarding land use in agriculture and reducing the environmental impact of animal production. Studies conducted on farms to assess the environmental impact of milk and meat production using life-cycle assessment (LCA) tools reveal that feeding accounts for approximately one-third. This study aimed to calculate the carbon footprint (CF) of three different concentrated feeds for livestock, both with and without the inclusion of by-products in the formulation. Three different formulations of concentrated feeds for dairy cows were developed homogeneously regarding energy content and crude protein. The LCA approach assessed CF in kg CO2 eq.; the functional unit was 1 kg of concentrate feed. A sensitive analysis of soybean meal’s association with deforestation was formulated. The concentrated feed with by-products demonstrated a lower impact on CF of 23.7% and 37.0% compared to concentrated feed with a mix of raw material and by-products, and solely with raw material, respectively. Using agricultural by-products to produce concentrated feed for livestock sectors can be an environmentally sound alternative in terms of carbon footprint.
Ecological Traits of Three Species of Xiphydria Woodwasps from Japan: Host Tree Species and Eggs, Symbiotic Fungi, and Mucus in Their Bodies
Authors: Takagi Ryu , Kajimura Hisashi
Published: February 2025

Woodwasps (Siricidae and Xiphydriidae) inhabit living, weakened, or freshly dead trees and their larvae feed on sapwood. Siricidae have been intensively researched for pest management. In contrast, the ecology of Xiphydriidae remains largely unknown. In the present study, we collected xiphydriid woodwasp adults and dissected female adults to elucidate the cornerstone ecology of this family and compared these findings with those of siricid woodwasps. The findings provide new host records for these species and indicate that their host ranges span multiple families. Notably, all Xiphydria species had female-biased sex ratios. All adult females had gourd-shaped eggs, similar to those found in gall wasps (Cynipidae), which contrast with the oval-shaped eggs of Siricidae. Slit-like mycangia were located at the base of the ovipositor, with pairs of fungal masses composed of hyphal fragments or spores directly positioned below the seventh sternum, differing structurally from the pouch-like mycangia in Siricidae. Mucus reservoirs and secretory glands were found in the terminal abdominal segments, similar to Siricidae. Mucus in X. annulitibia and X. ogasawarai was colorless and transparent, as reported in Siricidae, whereas X. eborata exhibited deep wine-red mucus, which is the world’s first discovery in all dissected species of Siricidae and Xiphydriidae.
Hydrological Response of Land Use and Climate Change Impact on Sediment Rate in Upper Citarum Watershed
Authors: Anggraheni Evi , Hamdany Abdul Halim , Maricar Farouk , Andika Neil , Sisinggih Dian , Tanlie Fransiskus Sean , Respati Fransiskus Adinda Rio
Published: February 2025

The Citarum Watershed is indeed a critical water resource in Indonesia, playing a significant role in providing water to Jakarta and other areas in West Java. However, it faces severe environmental stress due to land use changes and climate changes. The Upper Citarum Watershed, considered to be a conservation area, has experienced rapid development due to human activities and economic growth. Climate change not only affects the rainfall value but also the rainfall patterns and sediment flow. The sedimentation process significantly impacts the soil characteristics around the river body. Several factors such as topography, flow velocity, and soil texture influence the sediment characteristics. Given the critical condition of climate and land use change, this study aims to analyse the impacts of the hydrological response of land use and climate change on the sediment rate in the Upper Citarum Watershed. The land use change analysis was conducted by comparing the land use data in 2000, 2010, and 2023 in the Upper Citarum Watershed. The deposition process of solid particles such as sand, silt, and gravel that are transported in the Upper Citarum River were examined in a soil investigation. The sediment rate and deposition by river flow were analysed using HEC-RAS quasi-unsteady flow. The impact of climate change in this study was assessed by simulating the discharge in three conditions, with the first simulation using the discharge from 2000 to 2010, the second simulation using the discharge from 2011 to 2023, and the last simulation using the discharge from 2000 to 2023. Due to the land use change, the developed area increased from 4% to 24% between 2000 until 2023. The magnitude of low flow during the simulation step for three discharge gauges (Majalaya, Dayeuhkolot, and Nanjung) decreased up to 48%, but, on other hand, the sediment rate increased by 20% in Dayeuhkolot.
Effect of Mannoprotein-Producing Yeast on Viscosity and Mouthfeel of Red Wine
Authors: Núñez Emerson , Vidal Josefina , Chávez Matías , Bordeu Edmundo , Osorio Fernando , Vargas Sebastián , Hormazábal Elba , Brossard Natalia
Published: February 2025

Mannoproteins enhance wine stability and sensory properties, but their specific role in modulating viscosity and mouthfeel across wine quality levels remains underexplored. This study explores the nuanced impact of various mannoprotein-producing yeast strains on specific mouthfeel sensations, particularly emphasizing viscosity, across Standard and Premium quality tiers of Cabernet Sauvignon commercial wines. The aim was to understand the intricate relationship between yeast-derived mannoproteins and the broader sensory landscape of red wines. The methodology encompasses a comprehensive mannose extraction method, rheological measurements, and sensory Rate-All-That-Apply evaluations, all of which are integrated into a Principal Component Analysis. The results showed slight color variations due to the wine spending one month on lees. A positive correlation was found between mannose content and viscosity in only Standard-quality wines. The correlation with sensory data indicated a strong relationship between volume, viscosity, and mannose content in Premium-quality wines, which was less pronounced in Standard-quality wines. Furthermore, parameters related to mouthfeel quality, such as roundness and smoothness, were also associated with these findings. Prospects involve further exploration of correlations between mouthfeel sensations, sensory descriptors, and the structural characteristics of mannoproteins, aiming for a more comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay in wine composition.
From Traditional Amazon Use to Food Applications: Tapirira guianensis Seed Extracts as a Triad of Antiproliferative Effect, Oxidative Defense, and Antimalarial Activity
Authors: Crispim Marcell , Silva Thaise Caputo , Lima Amanda dos Santos , Cruz Laura da Silva , Bento Nathalia Alves , Cruz Thiago Mendanha , Stelle Yasmin , Mar Josiana Moreira , Rocha Daniel de Queiroz , Bezerra Jaqueline de Araújo , Azevedo Luciana
Published: February 2025

Tapirira guianensis is a tropical plant found in South America and is widely used by indigenous communities owing to its medicinal properties. Its seeds are rich in phenolic compounds that are known for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Despite its traditional use, there are limited scientific data on the biological activities of its seed extracts, especially in the context of antimalarial and cytoprotective effects. In this study, we investigated the chemical composition, antioxidant potential, cytotoxic effects, and antimalarial properties of hydroethanolic, ethanolic, and aqueous seed extracts. A 1:1 (v/v) water/ethanol combination efficiently extracted bioactive compounds and delivered the highest phenolic compound content. Furthermore, the hydroethanolic extracts exhibited significant biological activities, including an ability to reduce cancer-cell viability, protect against damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decrease chromosomal aberrations, while exhibiting high efficacy against both chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains. Hence, the use of T. guianensis seed extract as a natural source of bioactive compounds with cytoprotective, antiproliferative, antioxidant, and antimalarial properties is innovative and highlights the need for additional in vivo studies to better elucidate its mechanisms of action and safety.
The Effect of the Use of Unconventional Solutions for Osmotic Dehydration on Selected Properties of Fresh-Cut Oranges
Authors: Galus Sabina , Rybak Katarzyna , Dadan Magdalena , Witrowa-Rajchert Dorota , Nowacka Małgorzata
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the effects of unconventional solutions on the osmotic dehydration of oranges. These solutions included xylitol, fruit concentrates (strawberry, cherry, orange), rosehip juice, and sucrose. The study examined dehydration kinetics, dry matter, total soluble solids, water activity, color, texture, sugars, vitamin C, polyphenols, carotenoids, and antioxidant potential, alongside microstructural observations. The results indicated that osmotic solutions and the dehydration time (3 h) significantly influenced the oranges’ physical and chemical properties. Cherry and strawberry concentrate solutions caused the greatest color changes, enhancing the dried product’s visual appeal. Oranges dehydrated with strawberry concentrate exhibited the highest polyphenol content (2909 mg chlorogenic acid/100 g d.m.) and antioxidant potential (11.0 mg TE/d.m.), while rosehip solution yielded the highest vitamin C levels (80.27 g/100 g d.m.), followed by strawberry (62.32 g/100 g d.m.) and orange (47.67 g/100 g d.m.) concentrates. These findings highlight the benefits of using fruit concentrates and juices in osmotic dehydration. The unconventional osmotic solutions resulted in a reduction in the hardness of dehydrated orange sliced from 0.65 N to the range of 0.36–0.60 N, except for strawberry concentrate, which resulted in the highest value (0.72 N). Key parameters, such as the water activity, dry matter, and dehydration efficiency, were more favorable compared to those in the sucrose solution samples. The organoleptic assessment recommended xylitol for maintaining sweetness without altering taste or smell, whereas strawberry juice scored lowest due to its foreign taste and smell. Overall, osmotic dehydration enhanced the nutritional and sensory attributes of oranges by allowing the penetration of bioactive compounds, making them superior to fresh raw material in tested parameters.
Application Progress of Immobilized Enzymes in the Catalytic Synthesis of 1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoyltriglyceride Structured Lipids
Authors: Ni Xing , Feng Ting , Zhang Yuyang , Lin Zhiyuan , Kong Fanzhuo , Zhang Xue , Lu Qiongya , Zhao Yani , Zou Bin
Published: February 2025

In recent years, the preparation of OPO (1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyltriglyceride)-structured lipids through immobilized lipase catalysis has emerged as a research hotspot in the fields of food and biomedical sciences. OPO structured lipids, renowned for their unique molecular structure and biological functions, find wide applications in infant formula milk powder, functional foods, and nutritional supplements. Lipase-catalyzed reactions, known for their efficiency, high selectivity, and mild conditions, are ideal for the synthesis of OPO structured lipids. Immobilized lipases not only address the issues of poor stability and difficult recovery of free enzymes but also enhance catalytic efficiency and reaction controllability. This review summarizes the latest advancements in the synthesis of OPO structured lipids using immobilized lipases, focusing on immobilization methods, enhancements in enzyme activity and stability, the optimization of reaction conditions, and improvements in product purity and yield. Furthermore, it delves into the reaction mechanisms of enzymatic synthesis of OPO structured lipids, process optimization strategies, and the challenges and broad prospects faced during industrial applications.
Production of Smoked Sausage Using Monascus Pigments-Calcium Carbonate Colorant Lake with Nisin as a Nitrite Substitute
Authors: Cui Jiaqi , Bai Guohui , Fu Yifen , Zhai Xu , Jing Le , Liu Yuhan , Yuan Dongdong , Wang Chengtao
Published: February 2025

This study explored the complete replacement of sodium nitrite with a combination of Monascus pigments (MPs)-calcium carbonate colorant lake (MPs-CaCO3 lake) and nisin in smoked sausage production. The effects of the replacement on color stability, total aerobic mesophilic bacteria count (TAMB), and physicochemical properties of sausages were assessed. The results indicated that combining 0.26 g/kg of lake and 0.4 g/kg of nisin effectively replaced the coloring and preservative functions of nitrite. Physicochemical analyses revealed that the addition of pigment lake significantly increased the pH and calcium content and reduced juice loss rates (at low lake concentrations) of sausage in the lake group compared to the blank and pigment groups. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based flavor compounds analysis demonstrated notable changes in the profile of volatile flavor compounds with the addition of MPs, marked by the appearance of paraldehyde and the disappearance of butanediol in the pigment and lake groups. Electronic nose analysis confirmed that sausages with MPs and lake had similar odors, distinctly different from the blank group. However, electronic tongue analysis showed no significant flavor differences among the three groups. Overall, the combination of MPs-CaCO3 lake and nisin effectively replaced nitrite, enhanced pigment stability, and did not adversely affect the flavor quality of smoked sausage.
A Note on the Welfare and Policy Implications of a Two-Period Real Option Game Under Imperfect Information
Authors: Wang Congcong , Wang Yuhan , Chen Shanshan , Luckraz Shravan , Pansera Bruno Antonio
Published: February 2025

We show that the discrete real option game model proposed in the recent literature can be extended to the case of imperfect information. As a result, the model can cover a wider range of applications. However, we also observe that the effectiveness of implementing the subsidy is affected by the imperfect informational structure.
Physical and Structural Properties of Chitosan–Squid Gelatin Hydrogels
Authors: Ramírez-Campas Uriel , Aubourg Santiago P. , Torres-Arreola Wilfrido , Plascencia-Jatomea Maribel , Ezquerra-Brauer Josafat Marina
Published: February 2025

The development of functional hydrogels is currently receiving great attention. In this study, a squid by-product, gelatin (SG)–acetic acid solution, was added to a commercial chitosan (CH)–acetic acid solution to develop an antioxidant hydrogel. The CH–SG mass ratios evaluated were 1:0, 2:1, and 1:2. Glutaraldehyde was used as cross linker. The effects of the SG addition to the hydrogel on different properties (physical in general, stability in aqueous media at pH 7.2, swelling, textural profile, and antioxidant) were evaluated. The interaction of CH and SG was established by scanning electron microscope microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). As a result, the addition of SG decreased the resistance to flow, hardness, chewiness, and stability, but increased the springiness, resilience, and antioxidant properties of CH hydrogels. The SEM analysis revealed that the CH-GS hydrogel showed a relatively more porous structure. FTIR and NMR analyses suggested a good compatibility of the components due mainly to an increased hydrogen bond formation. The present results suggest that CH could establish a valuable interaction with SG, so that a new hydrogel with enhanced textural and antioxidant properties would be produced, which would enable its potential application in biomedical and food industries.
Out of Pikermi: The Occurrence of Bohlinia in the Late Miocene of the Central Mediterranean
Authors: Marra Antonella Cinzia
Published: February 2025

During the Late Miocene, Giraffidae of the genus Bohlinia were widespread in the Greco-Iranian bioprovince (Pikermian biome), while the occurrence in Africa (Chad) was disproven. The fossils of Bohlinia cf. attica described and compared here come from the Late Miocene of Cessaniti (southern Italy), associated with another giraffid, Samotherium cf. boissieri, and the large mammals Stegotetrabelodon syrticus, Tragoportax cf. rugosifrons, cf. Ceratotherium advenientis, and an undetermined Anthracotherid. In terms of paleogeography, the association should be related to the expansion of Pikermian species out of the Greco-Iranian bioprovince and calls for more in-depth considerations. Pikermian giraffids, and Bohlinia in particular, play an important role in understanding the paleoenvironmental and paleogeographical contexts in the Central Mediterranean, an area undergoing major geological changes.
Investigating the Structure of Detachment Faulting and Its Role in Ore Formation: The Kallintiri Detachment System and the Associated Polymetallic Ore Deposit (Rhodope, NE Greece)
Authors: Soukis Konstantinos , Kanellopoulos Christos , Voudouris Panagiotis , Mavrogonatos Constantinos , Lazos Ilias , Sboras Sotiris , Tarantola Alexandre , Koehn Daniel , Moritz Robert
Published: February 2025

The Kallintiri area (SW Byala Reka–Kechros Dome, Rhodope) hosts a polymetallic (critical, base, and precious metals) ore deposit, tectonically controlled by the late Eocene–Oligocene, top-to-SW Kallintiri Detachment System. The earliest structure associated with the Kallintiri Detachment is a ductile shear zone at the interface between the high-grade footwall gneisses of the Lower and Intermediate Rhodope Terranes. The detachment zone encompasses the uppermost part of the gneisses and the ultramylonitic Makri Unit marble. The marble is bound by a brittle–ductile shear zone at the base and a knife-sharp, low-angle normal fault at the roof, exhibiting considerable brecciation and ultracataclasite development. The hanging wall includes the Makri Unit phyllites and the overlying mid–late-Eocene–Oligocene supra-detachment sediments, which show syn-depositional slump structures and brittle deformation with low- and high-angle faulting and non-cohesive cataclasites. Extensive hydrothermal fluid circulation along the detachment zone and through NW tension gashes and high-angle faults led to pronounced silicification and ore deposition. Field observations and mineralogical and geochemical analyses revealed two primary types of ore mineralization spatially and temporally associated with different structures. Base and precious metals-rich ores are associated with the detachment, while Sb ore deposition is localized mostly within the NW-trending tension gashes and high-angle faults.
Optimized Random Forest Models for Rock Mass Classification in Tunnel Construction
Authors: Yang Bo , Jahed Armaghani Danial , Fattahi Hadi , Afrazi Mohammad , Koopialipoor Mohammadreza , Asteris Panagiotis G. , Khandelwal Manoj
Published: February 2025

The accurate prediction of rock mass quality ahead of the tunnel face is crucial for optimizing tunnel construction strategies, enhancing safety, and reducing geological risks. This study developed three hybrid models using random forest (RF) optimized by moth-flame optimization (MFO), gray wolf optimizer (GWO), and Bayesian optimization (BO) algorithms to classify the surrounding rock in real time during tunnel boring machine (TBM) operations. A dataset with 544 TBM tunneling samples included key parameters such as thrust force per cutter (TFC), revolutions per minute (RPM), penetration rate (PR), advance rate (AR), penetration per revolution (PRev), and field penetration index (FPI), with rock classification based on the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) method. To address the class imbalance, the Borderline Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique was applied. Performance assessments revealed the MFO-RF model’s superior performance, with training and testing accuracies of 0.992 and 0.927, respectively, and key predictors identified as PR, AR, and RPM. Additional validation using 91 data sets confirmed the reliability of the MFO-RF model on unseen data, achieving an accuracy of 0.879. A graphical user interface was also developed, enabling field engineers and technicians to make instant and reliable rock classification predictions, greatly supporting safe tunnel construction and operational efficiency. These models contribute valuable tools for real-time, data-driven decision-making in tunneling projects.
Influence of Temperature and Precipitation on the Forage Quality of Bluebunch Wheatgrass and Idaho Fescue During the Dormant Season
Authors: Davis Noah G. , Wyffels Sam A. , DelCurto Timothy
Published: February 2025

Dormant forage is generally understood to be low-quality, but how and why it changes over the dormant season have not been well studied. Therefore, this study evaluated the changes in the forage quality of bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata) and Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis) over the course of the dormant season and in response to concurrent environmental conditions. We collected forage samples every 14 days for two consecutive winters in southwestern Montana, USA. Samples were analyzed for crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). A suite of environmental metrics was derived from PRISM weather data. Data were analyzed with a linear mixed model and the STATICO ordination method. Crude protein and ADF varied throughout the winter across both years, with CP ranging from 1.9–4.0% and ADF from 37–42%. The differences between species were more pronounced and more consistent in CP. The differences between years were more pronounced in ADF and NDF. Relative temperature explained the most variation in forage quality. Crude protein is positively correlated with short-term warmer temperatures, whereas NDF is positively correlated with longer-term warmer temperatures. This demonstrates that forage quality can change over the dormant season and is influenced by winter weather events.
Satisfaction with Social Support and Quality of Life Among Portuguese Patients with Breast Cancer: Mediating Effects of Coping Styles—Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Carreiro Joana , Cardoso Susana , Teques Pedro , Teques Andreia P. , Pais-Ribeiro José Luís
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the mediating effects of coping styles on the relationship between satisfaction with social support (SSS) and quality of life (QoL) in breast cancer patients. Methods: A cross-sectional structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was used to examine the mediating effects. The participants were 311 women who were breast cancer patients, aged between 27 and 86 years (M = 46.61, SD = 9.53). Results: SEM analyses showed that SSS was positively associated with fighting spirit (β = 0.31, p < 0.05), cognitive avoidance (β = 0.19, p > 0.05), and QoL (β = 0.21, p < 0.05), and negatively associated with helplessness–hopelessness (β = −0.28, p < 0.05). Furthermore, fighting spirit and helplessness–hopelessness showed significant relationships with QoL. Anxious preoccupation was negatively related to QoL. Furthermore, fighting spirit and helplessness–hopelessness showed significant relationships with quality of life (β = 0.18, p < 0.05; β = −0.15, p < 0.05, respectively). In addition, the mediation analysis revealed that coping styles (i.e., fighting spirit and helplessness–hopelessness) mediated the relationship between SSS and QoL. Conclusions: The findings suggest that perceptions of SSS from family and friends may promote perceived QoL via adaptive coping, such as fighting spirit and helplessness–hopelessness strategies to deal with the cancer experience.