bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The usefulness of Moynihan questionnaire in the evaluation of knowledge on healthy diet of patients undergoing cardiology rehabilitation
Authors: Rosi Cristina , Pennella Sonia , Fantuzzi Anna Laura , Pedrazzi Patrizia , Passalacqua Marilena , Gavioli Manuela , Migaldi Mario , Farinetti Alberto , Mattioli Anna Vittoria
Published: November 2015

Background. The aim of study was to test the usefulness of Moynihan questionnaire in the evaluation of knowledge on healthy diet of patients undergoing cardiology rehabilitation. Methods. We enrolled 51 patients (pts): 41 men and 10 women, mean age 67.97 + 11.2 years. The case study included: 21 pts that underwent coronary bypass surgery, 16 pts replaced plastic tube, 14 pts had surgery for the other reasons. All pts underwent nutritional investigation by a dietitian. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were detected and, by the end, the Moynihan questionnaire was administrated. Pts underwent nutritional coaching, and questionnaire and dietary assessment were rechecked after 3 months. Results. At baseline, the mean Questionnaire score was 22.4 + 3.2 points, decreased to 20.6 + 3.1 points after 3 months (p<0.05). A detailed analysis of the questions showed that the major informations gaps were related to consumption of fruits and vegetables, consumption of fat and salt. In addition pts have acquired more general knowledge about food composition. Conclusions. The Moynihan questionnaire is an useful instrument of evaluation of dietary knowledge even in selected patients population. In the present study involving patients after cardiac surgery the main difficulties were related to high age of pts, the low cultural level and, mainly, to the post-surgery stress. However, an increase of correct answers as well as an increased knowledge about food composition were detected after educational intervention performed by the dietitian.
Italian survey on physical activity of the members of GICR-IACPR 2012
Authors: Sanges Dominique , Culla Giuseppe , Jesi Anna Patrizia , Mari Franco
Published: November 2015

Background and aims: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was issued in 2005 by the WHO as an international standard for the evaluation of physical activity (PA) [1-11]. The Italian Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (GICR-IACPR) is promoting nationwide calls for action aimed at the implementation of cardiovascular (CV) prevention guidelines. The awareness of cardiac rehabilitation professionals (CRP) with regards to healthy lifestyle is assumed. Methods: The IPAQ was submitted to delegates of 2012 IACPR congress. Sex, age, position and geographic location were also asked. We received 136 questionnaires back. The data were analysed using the established scoring protocol by the IPAQ Research Committee and datasets were compared to WHO global recommendations on PA for health. Results: 136 questionnaires were evaluated (years aged 50.5, 42% M), 13 were excluded after cleaning. Thus 123 tests were classified in 3 levels of PA, according to WHO rec. H:45 subjects with higher level of participation and greater health benefits. M:75 subjects who accumulate a moderate level of PA. L:3 subjects who did not meet criteria for category high or moderate. Conclusions: According to a preliminary analyses of currently available IPAQ, 61% GICR-CRP seems sufficiently active for a health benefit, 37% have additional health benefits, and only 2% is not active enough for health. Comparing these figures with those of the 2010 survey, we found an average age higher in males and an improvement in the time and intensity of PA.
Psychological needs and mental health in women aged ≥ 65 years after cardiac surgery: an exploratory study
Authors: Omodeo Ombretta , Fiabane Elena , Giorgi Ines , Grandis Claudia , Gualco Alessandra , Ceresa Monica
Published: November 2015

Background. Recent developments in cardiac care have led to an increase survival even among elderly cardiac patients. Previous studies showed that women have worse health related outcomes compared with men. The main aims of this study are to assess psychological needs and factors promoting mental health among women aged ≥ 65 years following heart surgery. Methods. 74 consecutive women aged ≥ 65 years and referred to a cardiac rehabilitation unit in Northern Italy after heart surgery were enrolled in this exploratory study. Psychological questionnaires exploring cognitive functioning, psychological needs, anxiety, depression, physical and mental health status, self-esteem were administered by a psychologist to each patient using a face-to-face interview. Results. The main areas of psychological needs reported by patients were relational and emotional support, assistance and treatment, information about diagnosis and future conditions and information concerning economic-insurance issues. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that factors significantly associated with patients’ mental health were anxiety (p = 0.01) and locus of control (p = 0.01). Conclusions. In order to improve older cardiac women’s mental health after cardiac surgery is important to offer tailored rehabilitative interventions able to meet their specific needs such as the management of anxiety symptoms and loss of control, the need to regain the family role, the need of more information concerning the diagnosis and prognosis and emotional support.
Report on Non-fatal events cardio-cerebro-vascular to ten years in a Southern Italy cohort
Authors: Capuano Vincenzo , Lamaida Norman , Capuano Rocco , Capuano Eduardo , Torre Sergio , Marchese Federica , Capuano Ernesto
Published: November 2015

Background: Data relating to non-fatal cardiovascular events are poor but these data are essential to organize targeted interventions on the territory and to understand their effectiveness. Methods: We calculated the rates of morbidity from cardiovascular events covering the period 1998/99 - 2008/09, in a cohort of 1200 persons (600 men and 600 women) aged 25 to 74 years. Data were standardized using the European standard population. Results: The incidence of events to ten years of nonfatal myocardial infarction was 2,2% in men and of 1,8% in women. PCI interventions to ten year have been 3,3% in men and 3,4% in women, the interventions of aorto-coronary bypass have been 2,4% and 0,5% for men and women respectively. While all major cardiovascular events have been more frequent in men, in women there was a higher incidence of stroke (1,6% vs 0,9%). Conclusion: Although by comparison with other European countries Italy is among the countries considered at low-risk of coronary heart disease, in Campania cardiovascular diseases reach higher rates than the rest of the country. Our results are in keeping with the literature data and confirm that cardiovascular diseases are a major public health problem. Local analysis are useful in providing additional information for planning prevention interventions targeted to its own territory.
Coping in a harsh reality: The concept of the ‘enemy’ in the composition of Psalms 9 and 10
Authors: Slabbert Martin J.
Published: November 2015

In this paper, Psalms 9 and 10 are read together from a literary, post-exilic perspective, arguing that the construct of the ‘enemy’ in this composition primarily serves to strengthen the position of the righteous. It seems that a variety of strategies are employed in this composition to establish dichotomic-ideological categories. This results in the formation of a polarity between YHWH and the enemy on the one hand and the righteous and the enemy on the other. This seems to have been a technique through which the author or authors of this composition sought to break free from their current social experience in order to create a new, just and fair reality for the righteous.
A psychological typology of females diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder
Authors: Izydorczyk Bernadetta
Published: November 2015

Background

The present paper reports the results of research aimed at identifying intra-group differences among females suffering from different eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder) in terms of the subjects’ psychological traits, adoption of socio-cultural norms (through media pressure, internationalization of norms, and exposure to information concerning body image standards), and the level of body dissatisfaction. The following research question was asked: is it possible to distinguish specific profiles of psychological characteristics, as well as levels of body dissatisfaction, social pressure, media exposure and internalization of common standards of body image?

Participants and procedure

The clinical population consisted of 121 females aged 20-26. The research was conducted in the years 2007-2012. The following research methods and procedures were applied: 1) a clinical interview, 2) the Contour Drawing Rating Scale, 3) the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), 4) a Polish translation of the Socio-cultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-3).

Results

Cluster analysis of the research data allowed four significantly different clusters to be distinguished in the group of 121 examined females suffering from eating disorders. In the next step, analysis of variance (the ANOVA test) was used to compare the differences between the examined clusters in terms of the investigated variables and their indicators.

Conclusions

Due to significant differences between the examined females in terms of the strength levels and the configuration of psychological and socio-cultural variables investigated in the present study, the females were classified into four different psychological types referred to as neurotic, perfectionist, impulsive and adolescent-narcissistic.
Self. Propagating | a strategy of encounter |
Authors: Fletcher Gabrielle Lorraine
Published: November 2015

This piece mobilises both creative non-fiction and ficto-criticism to expose the necessary terrains of narrativity as a Country of the Lived,  making visible the redactive cartography of the PhD in telling Indigenous selfhood, and mobilising an argument for authentic encounter under the comfortable maps of form.
Tasting Singapore
Authors: Khoo Gaik Cheng
Published: November 2015

A review of Nicole Tarulevicz, Eating Her Curries and Kway: A Cultural History of Food in Singapore (University of Illinois Press, 2013).
Trauma and Affective Spill
Authors: Willis Emma
Published: November 2015

A review of Bryoni Trezise, Performing Feeling in Cultures of Memory(Palgrave Macmillan, 2014).
Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor of the Vagus Nerve in a Dog
Authors: Yap Fui , Pratschke Kathryn
Published: November 2015

A peripheral nerve sheath tumor was diagnosed in a female, neutered Labrador retriever with a 6 mo history of coughing, retching, ptyalism, and left-sided Horner's syndrome. Computed tomography scan of the neck revealed a mass lesion between the carotid artery and esophagus in the mid-cervical region. Exploratory surgery was performed and an 18 cm section of thickened vagus nerve was excised. Histopathological findings and immunochemistry staining confirmed a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. The tumor showed microscopic signs of malignancy, but there were no macroscopic signs of local extension or distant metastasis. This report documents a peripheral nerve sheath tumor of rare origin in dogs.
A new epigean species of the genus Anelpistina (Insecta: Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae) from Sierra de El Abra, Taninul, Mexico
Authors: Espinasa Luis , Bartolo Nicole D. , Sloat Solomon
Published: November 2015

Anelpistina taninuli sp. nov. (Insecta: Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae), a species from Taninul, Sierra de El Abra, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, is described. We also report the 16S rRNA sequence of this new species.
Seasonal Evaluation of Trace Metals in Irrigated Soils at Various Sites in Phuleli Command Area (Sindh), Pakistan
Authors: Ashifa Soomro  , Altaf Ali Siyal  , Muhammad Saffar Mirjat  , Allah Wadhayo Gandahi  , Rabail Gandahi
Published: November 2015

Phuleli Canal (Sindh) Pakistan is the main source of irrigation water for lower Sindh. However, its quality has been deteriorated by the addition of industrial effluents and city wastes discharged directly or indirectly into canal when it passes through Hyderabad city. For monitoring the effect of this canal water on soil quality of the command area, the present study was designed to evaluate the seasonal variability of trace metals including Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn in the cultivated soil area. The soil samples were collected from different seven sites (reduced distance, RD = 304.8 m) RD-0, RD-30, RD-50, RD-70, RD-90, RD-110 and RD-130) in four seasons (summer, autumn, winter, and spring) and analysed for Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn contents. Then, the obtained results were compared with the maximum permissible values of FAO for agriculture/crop production. Results showed that the Zn contents in soil samples was relatively higher than FAO permissible limits during winter in all soil layers and all sites mostly at upper reach sites of Phuleli Command area. While, the Fe content in soil at all depths was found higher during winter, autumn and spring. Whereas, in summer season it was relatively more in upper soil layers near mid to down reach sites and were not within the permissible limits of FAO. Same was true with Cu and Mn which were also not within the permissible limits of FAO for crop production. So, it was inferred that almost of the locations trace elements in soils found higher under Phuleli Canal Command area were mainly produced from various pollution sources viz, industrial and municipal liquid effluents.
Observations of multiple stationary striation phenomena in an atmospheric pressure neon plasma jet
Authors: Fujiwara Yutaka , Sakakita Hajime , Yamada Hiromasa , Yamagishi Yusuke , Itagaki Hirotomo , Kiyama Satoru , Fujiwara Masanori , Ikehara Yuzuru , Kim Jaeho
Published: November 2015

The formation of multiple stationary striations between a nozzle exit and a conductive target plate was clearly observed at regular intervals using a digital camera along an atmospheric pressure plasma jet of dielectric barrier discharge using a neon gas into ambient air. From the results of measuring using a high-speed camera during the positive current phase, the emission initially started in the middle between the nozzle and the target, and striations progressed in both upward and downward directions. During the negative current phase, the emission initially started in a region near the target, and the striations rapidly progressed to the nozzle.
Relevance of Cloud Computing: A Case for UK Small and Medium Sized Tourism Firms
Authors: Imhanwa Samuel , Greenhill Anita , Owrak Ali
Published: November 2015

Cloud computing represents a connection of internet technologies and personal or business computing that is changing the way computing solutions are designed, delivered and managed. This model of computing where all data, application, are hosted over a network is a significant shift from the traditional model of computing where data, software’s resources are hosted on a local computer or the client server model of business computing where resources are hosted on the firms servers and requires specialist staff for implementing and maintaining IT services. For several organizations especially in the case of small and medium-sized enterprise (SME’s), the cloud is an attractive technology solution as it enables them to reduce the total cost of ownership of their IT by passing the demands of maintaining hardware and software to a third party i.e. a cloud service provider thus enabling them to focus their spend on growing the business while developing innovative services. This paper draws on the concept of cloud computing to illustrate the significance of cloud technology to small medium businesses in the UK tourism industry-an industry heavily dependent on the internet for its survival. The study was conducted through an extensive review of academic journals, publications, articles as well as industry white papers and reports. This paper reveals that cloud computing drives small tourism firms to become more customer focused while enabling them quickly respond to tourist needs.
Clinical Importance and Surgical Outcomes of Green Type III Cystocele in Women With Anterior Vaginal Prolapse
Authors: Huang Wen-Chen , Yang Shwu-Huey , Yang Jenn-Ming
Published: November 2015

Objectives

To explore the clinical importance and surgical outcomes of Green type III cystocele in women with anterior vaginal prolapse.

Methods

A database of 336 women with a Ba point higher than −3 cm on the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system was retrospectively reviewed. Investigated data comprised those obtained from a clinical interview, the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system, and sonography. Initially, the baseline data between women with (n = 126) and without (n = 210) Green type III cystocele on sonography were compared. Subsequently, 6‐month postoperative data between women who had Green type III cystocele on sonography and underwent either anterior colporrhaphy (n = 25) or a Perigee procedure (n = 76) were compared.

Results

Women with Green type III cystocele had symptoms of voiding dysfunction more frequently, stress urinary incontinence less frequently, and more bulging (mean ± SD, 2.7 ± 1.2 versus 1.9 ± 1.5 for women with versus without Green type III cystocele; P = .001), a greater likelihood of stage II or higher cystocele (86.5% versus 60.0% for women with versus without Green type III cystocele; P < .001), as well as more caudodorsal bladder neck and genitohiatal positions and a wider genital hiatus on sonography. Women with Green type III cystocele had a greater likelihood of stage 0 cystocele (64.0% versus 89.5% for anterior colporrhaphy versus Perigee; P< .001) and more ventral bladder neck positions after Perigee procedures.

Conclusions

The presence of Green type III cystocele in women with anterior vaginal prolapse is associated with more functional impairments and anatomic defects. Despite comparable functional outcomes, Perigee procedures provide better anatomic outcomes for the anterior vagina in women with Green type III cystocele than anterior colporrhaphy does in the short term.
Contrast‐Enhanced Sonographic Features Before and After Interventional Treatment of Ovarian Endometrial Cysts
Authors: Shao Xiao-Hui , Zhang Li-Wei , Wang Lu-Lu , Wang Si-Ming , Dong Xiao-Qiu
Published: November 2015

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to assess contrast‐enhanced sonography features before and after interventional treatment of ovarian endometrial cysts.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 53 patients with ovarian endometrial cysts who underwent contrast‐enhanced sonography before and after interventional treatment to assess the sonographic features of the cysts at these different times. The sonographic features and quantitative parameters for the cysts were compared before and after treatment.

Results

The wash‐in mode showed rapid annular enhancement of the cyst wall and slow wash‐out with even and uneven enhancement types. Compared to the internal iliac artery, the enhancement intensity was weaker, and the wash‐in and wash‐out times were longer in the cyst wall; furthermore, all 5 quantitative parameters differed between the cyst wall and internal iliac artery. The wash‐in and wash‐out characteristics of the cysts before and after interventional treatment were almost identical. The enhancement was primarily even before treatment and uneven after treatment; the enhancement intensity was low in all cases. Although the wash‐in time before and after treatment did not differ, the wash‐out time for the cysts before treatment was significantly lower than that observed after treatment. Two quantitative parameters differed before and after treatment.

Conclusions

The contrast‐enhanced sonographic features and quantitative parameters for the walls of ovarian endometrial cysts differed before and after ultrasound‐guided interventional treatment. These characteristics could be valuable for evaluating the efficacy of interventional treatment of ovarian endometrial cysts.
Sonographic Detection and Clinical Importance of Growth Restriction in Pregnancies With Gastroschisis
Authors: Nelson David B. , Martin Robert , Twickler Diane M. , Santiago-Munoz Patricia C. , McIntire Donald D. , Dashe Jodi S.
Published: November 2015

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to estimate the utility of sonography to detect small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) neonates in pregnancies with gastroschisis and to evaluate neonatal outcomes according to birth weight percentile.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies with fetal gastroschisis delivered at our hospital between August 1997 and December 2012. Diagnosis of growth restriction was based on estimated fetal weight below the 10th percentile using the nomogram of Hadlock et al (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 151:333–337), evaluated at 4‐week intervals throughout gestation and compared with subsequent birth weight, to evaluate the accuracy of sonography to detect and exclude SGA neonates. Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were evaluated according to birth weight percentile.

Results

There were 111 births with gastroschisis (6 per 10,000), and one‐third (n = 37) had birth weight below the 10th percentile. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of sonography for an SGA neonate both approached 90% by 32 weeks and were approximately 95% thereafter. Detection increased with advancing gestational age (P = .02). The birth weight percentile was not associated with preterm birth, infection, bowel complications requiring surgery, duration of hospitalization, or perinatal mortality. Delayed closure of the gastroschisis defect was more frequent with birth weights at or below the 3rd percentile (P = .03).

Conclusions

Sonography reliably identified SGA neonates with gastroschisis in our series, and its utility improved with advancing gestation. Apart from delayed closure of the defect, a low birth weight percentile was not associated with an increased risk of morbidity or mortality in the immediate neonatal period.
Pharmacologic basis for the use of selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of neuropathic pain conditions
Authors: Webster Michael
Published: November 2015

Introduction

This article will review the pharmacologic and clinical evidence supporting the use of selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, most notably atomoxetine, for the treatment of neuropathic pain states. Many medications initially marketed for psychiatric indications have gained widespread use for their analgesic properties after additional research.

Methods

In search of alternative treatments for neuropathic pain, current guidelines, published reviews, and primary literature, including both rodent and human trials, were reviewed.

Results and Discussion

The first group of medications to gain widespread use in pain management was the tricyclic antidepressants. As further research was completed and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors began to be utilized for their analgesic properties, a growing body of evidence began to indicate that the analgesic properties of these medications were primarily due to the blockade of norepinephrine reuptake with serotonin playing only a minimal role.
Evidence and clinical considerations for the use of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of painful neuropathy
Authors: Sigler Meredith , VandenBerg Amy , Thompson Amy
Published: November 2015

Introduction

Peripheral neuropathy is a painful condition that can lead to a reduction in quality of life. The pain, which stems from damaged, hyperexcitable neurons, does not respond to traditional analgesics. However, due to the underlying mechanism of pain, some antidepressants are effective in managing peripheral neuropathy. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the available literature on serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors for the management of peripheral neuropathy and outline clinical considerations for choosing an agent.

Methods

PubMed, Ovid/MEDLINE, and Scopus queries were conducted for relevant literature. Search types were limited to keyword searches and articles were limited to those published prior to March 31, 2015.

Results

There were 19 randomized controlled trials included in this review. No articles were found investigating the use of desvenlafaxine, milnacipran, or levomilnacipran for treatment of neuropathy. Both duloxetine and venlafaxine improved pain severity scores for patients suffering from painful peripheral neuropathy compared to placebo.

Discussion

Duloxetine and venlafaxine are able to decrease the severity of peripheral neuropathic pain. None of the trials found that either one of the therapies was able to completely eliminate pain for the patients, which should be an important counseling point for patients to understand. Additionally, patient-specific factors should be considered when choosing an agent, including comorbid disease states and potentially interacting medications.
Chemistry‐turbulence interactions and mesoscale variability influence the cleansing efficiency of the atmosphere
Authors: Kaser L. , Karl T. , Yuan B. , Mauldin R. L. , Cantrell C. A. , Guenther A. B. , Patton E. G. , Weinheimer A. J. , Knote C. , Orlando J. , Emmons L. , Apel E. , Hornbrook R. , Shertz S. , Ullmann K. , Hall S. , Graus M. , de Gouw J. , Zhou X. , Ye C.
Published: November 2015

The hydroxyl radical (OH) is the most important oxidant in the atmosphere and the primary sink for isoprene, the dominant volatile organic compound emitted by vegetation. Recent research on the atmospheric oxidation capacity in isoprene‐dominated environments has suggested missing radical sources leading to significant overestimation of the lifetime of isoprene. Here we report, for the first time, a comprehensive experimental budget of isoprene in the planetary boundary layer based on airborne flux measurements along with in situ OH observations in the Southeast and Central U.S. Our findings show that surface heterogeneity of isoprene emissions lead to a physical separation of isoprene and OH resulting in an effective slowdown in the chemistry. Depending on surface heterogeneity, the intensity of segregation (Is) could locally slow down isoprene chemistry up to 30%. The effect of segregated reactants in the planetary boundary layer on average has an influence on modeled OH radicals that is comparable to that of recently proposed radical recycling mechanisms.
Enhancement of odd nitrogen modifies mesospheric ozone chemistry during polar winter
Authors: Verronen P. T. , Lehmann R.
Published: November 2015

Energetic particle precipitation (EPP) enhances odd nitrogen (NOx) in the polar upper atmosphere. Model studies have reported a solar cycle response in mesospheric ozone (O3) caused by EPP‐related NOx enhancements which are included by applying a vertical NOx flux at around 80 km. However, it is not clear how O3 can be affected when the main chemical catalyst of odd oxygen (Ox = O + O(1D) + O3) loss in the mesosphere is odd hydrogen (HOx). Here we use a 1‐D atmospheric model and show how enhanced NOx affects mesospheric chemistry and changes HOx partitioning, which subsequently leads to increase in Ox loss through standard HOx‐driven catalytic cycles. Another, smaller increase of Ox loss results from HOx storage in HNO3 during night and its release by daytime photodissociation. Our results suggest that EPP, through NOx enhancements, could have a longer‐term effect on mesospheric HOx and Ox in polar winter.
Examining Changes in Central and Peripheral Pain as Mediates of Fatigue Improvement: Results From the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Druce Katie L. , Jones Gareth T. , Macfarlane Gary J. , Basu Neil
Published: November 2015

Objective

Following anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) therapy, improvements in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fatigue are driven by reductions in pain. However, therapies may modify both central and peripheral pain. This study sought to examine the hypothesis that reductions in fatigue after anti‐TNF therapy reflect changes in central, not peripheral, pain mechanisms.

Methods

Data came from patients with severe baseline fatigue (Short Form 36 health survey [SF‐36] vitality scale ≤12.5; n = 2,652), recruited to the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register for RA for commencing anti‐TNF therapies between October 2000 and November 2008. Data of interest comprised change over 6 months in fatigue, pain (SF‐36 bodily pain scale), and disease activity constituents (Disease Activity Score in 28 joints, erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], global health, swollen joints, and tender joints). Principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation determined latent variables of symptom change; variables were accepted provided they had eigenvalues ≥1.

Results

Six factors were identified, of which 2 met acceptance criteria (eigenvalues of 2.39 and 1.14, respectively). Following rotation, loadings indicated that factor 1 comprised markers of peripheral inflammation: change in ESR, swollen joints, tender joints, and global health. This distinct loading led to factor 1 being labeled peripheral inflammation. Conversely, factor 2 comprised change in pain, fatigue, and global health and an absence of peripheral inflammation markers and was therefore labeled central inflammation.

Conclusion

Following anti‐TNF therapies, reductions in fatigue and pain appear to reflect improvements in central, rather than peripheral, inflammation. Therefore, for those seeking to treat fatigue via pain mechanisms, improvements may be maximized by the application of treatment modalities that effectively target central mechanisms.
Dose‐ and time‐dependent benefits of iPad technology in an undergraduate human anatomy course
Authors: Raney Marcella A.
Published: November 2015

This study examined the impact of iPad integration on performance in an undergraduate gross anatomy course. Two out of six course sections were assigned to one of the following conditions: control (no iPad, n = 61); limited access (laboratory iPads, n = 58); and unlimited access (personal iPads, n = 47). Student knowledge was assessed over time during the semester with two practical examinations in laboratory and four multiple choice/essay examinations in lecture. The same PowerPoint presentations and examinations were utilized for all conditions. Mixed ANOVA analysis identified an interaction effect between time and condition for both laboratory (F2,153 = 16.12; P < 0.05) and lecture (F6,462 = 5.47; P < 0.05) performance. Between laboratory examinations, student performance was lower by 4.2% and higher by 3.0% in control and unlimited access conditions, respectively. Unlimited access students scored higher than control and limited access (82.8 ± 2.2 vs 71.5 ± 2.6 and 74.3 ± 1.7%; P < 0.05) and higher than control students (78.7 ± 2.1 vs 70.6 ± 2.0%; P < 0.05) on the third and fourth lecture examination, respectively. Postsemester surveys completed by experimental students (89.5% response rate) indicated that a greater percentage of unlimited vs limited access students agreed that laboratory (84.8 vs 56.3%, P < 0.05) and lecture (58.7 vs 14.6%, P < 0.05) performance was enhanced with the iPad. Results suggest that if students are given the opportunity to overcome the technology learning curve, tablet devices and relevant applications can be useful tools in human anatomy courses. Anat Sci Educ 9: 367–377. © 2015 American Association of Anatomists.
Titanium(IV) Complexes Based on Tri­dentate N,N,O Ligands – Synthesis, Structure, and Thermal Decomposition
Authors: Cherepakhin Valeriy S. , Zaitsev Kirill V. , Oprunenko Yuri F. , Churakov Andrei V. , Lermontova Elmira Kh. , Zaitseva Galina S. , Karlov Sergey S.
Published: November 2015

New tridentate N,N,O‐type ligands MeN(CH2CH2NHTs)(CH2CR2OH) [Ts = tosyl ; R = H, 6, (N,N,OH)H2; R = Ph, 7 (N,N,OPh)H2] were prepared. The corresponding diisopropoxide complexes (N,N,OH)Ti(OiPr)2 (8) and [N,N,OPh]Ti(OiPr)2 (9) were obtained through the reactions of 6 and 7 with Ti(OiPr)4. These complexes are thermally unstable and transform into the bisligated complexes [N,N,OH]2Ti (10) and {[N,N,OPh]Ti(OiPr)}2O (11). The molecular structures of 10 and 11 were investigated by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The synthesis of 11 from 9 as a thermal decomposition process was studied.
The phylogenetic distribution, anatomy and histology of the post‐cloacal bones and adnexa of geckos
Authors: Russell Anthony P. , Vickaryous Matthew K. , Bauer Aaron M.
Published: November 2015

Post‐cloacal bones of gekkotans may be present as a single (medial) pair, two pairs (medial and lateral), or may be lacking. We, herein, demonstrate that the presence of a single medial pair is the ancestral condition for the Gekkota, that the lateral pair is of sporadic occurrence within and between families, except for the Eublepharidae where it is universal, and that absence is also of sporadic occurrence except for the Sphaerodactylidae where it is the ancestral condition. Adult male Tokay geckos (Gekko gecko) possess only the medial pair of bones, and these exhibit a regionally‐specific expression of woven, fibrolamellar, and lamellar bone, and an enclosed medullary cavity. Females and small juvenile males lack bony elements but exhibit a conspicuous band of dense connective tissue located about the anterior and lateral margins of the cloacal sacs. As males grow and attain sexual maturity, the medial post‐cloacal bones condense in this band of dense connective tissue, and are thus shown to be dermal ossifications, similar to osteoderms but with muscular associations (although this is also known for crocodylians). Based upon ontogenetic data we set forth a scenario to explain the loss of the medial post‐cloacal bones in various lineages. Differential staining of the cloacal sacs failed to reveal any specialized glandular structures. Investigation of the post‐cloacal spurs shows them to be associated with cellular connective tissue of a type similar to that found in the vicinity of the medial post‐cloacal bones. This suggests that the lateral post‐cloacal bones may also be dermal bones, but histological evidence is needed to corroborate this. J. Morphol. 277:264–277, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soy isoflavone nutraceutical products by gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ruiz‐Delgado Ana , Martínez‐Domínguez Gerardo , Romero‐González Roberto , López‐Ruiz Rosalía , Frenich Antonia Garrido
Published: November 2015

Thirteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been determined in soy‐based nutraceutical products. First, an optimization of extraction procedure was performed, and a solid–liquid extraction assisted by sonication and a dilute and shoot procedure were compared, selecting the dilute and shoot approach for the extraction of target compounds, utilizing a mixture of acetone/n‐hexane (1:1 v/v) as extractant solvent. After this, a clean‐up step was needed bearing in mind the complexity of these matrices. Dispersive solid‐phase extraction, using a mixture of C18 and Zr‐Sep+ (25 mg/mL each) was used. The separation was achieved by gas chromatography and detection with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. For quantification purposes, matrix‐matched calibration was used. The validation was applied at three concentration levels (20, 100 and 250 μg/kg), obtaining recoveries between 70 and 120% and precision values equal to or lower than 23%. Limits of detection and quantification were below 8 and 20 μg/kg, respectively. The method was applied in 11 samples, detecting five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at concentrations ranging from 4.1 to 18.5 μg/kg.
Interaction of Graphene with Self Assembled Monolayers
Authors: Devanarayanan V.P. , Manjuladevi V. , Gupta Raj Kumar
Published: November 2015

The adsorption of graphene onto solid surface is vital for the numerous device applications. In the present work, we studied interaction of graphene with chemically modified surfaces. We formed the self‐assembled monolayers (SAM) of octadecanethiol (ODT), mercapto undecanoic acid (MUA) and biphenyl dithiol (BPD) onto the gold substrates. The nature of the surfaces obtained for ODT and MUA were hydrophobic and hydrophilic, respectively. The SAM of BPD yields the surface with phenyl rings having delocalized π‐electrons. Due to hydrophobic nature of the graphene, it adsorbs onto the SAMs of ODT and BPD. The surface morphology of the graphene onto SAMs was studied using atomic force microscope. Due to π−π stacking interaction between the graphene and BPD molecules, graphene prefers planar adsorption onto the SAM of BPD. The hydrophobic interaction between the graphene and ODT leads to random and non‐uniform adsorption of graphene onto the SAM of ODT. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon is extremely sensitive technique to detect minute change in dielectrics at the given interface. The adsorbed layers of the organic materials were studied using a SPR instrument.
Amines as Reaction Environment Regulator for CO2 Electrochemical Reduction to CH4
Authors: Aeshala Leela Manohar , Verma Anil
Published: November 2015

The direct electrochemical reduction of gaseous CO2 (dERC) is studied using sterically hindered polyallylamines in solid polymer matrix at room temperature and atmospheric pressure in an electrochemical reactor. It is found that the polymer electrolyte membrane is helpful to regulate the reaction zone in a great extent. Amine in the membrane have strong effect on the Faradaic efficiency and selectivity of the reaction products. The amine group helps to increase the mass transfer of CO2 at the reaction interface and at the same time regulate the reaction environment by hindering the reactants at the reactive sites.
Effect of Gamma Radiation on Chitin‐Nanosilver Membranes
Authors: Singh Rita , Singh Durgeshwer , Sadh Amit , Singh Antaryami
Published: November 2015

The effect of gamma radiation on the structural and functional characteristics of the chitin‐nanosilver membranes for use as wound dressing was evaluated. UV‐Vis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy were used to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation on the chitin‐nanosilver membranes. No changes in the spectra of chitin‐nanosilver membranes due to gamma irradiation at 25 kGy were observed. Antimicrobial efficacy of irradiated chitin‐nanosilver membranes against Gram‐negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Gram‐positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and fungal strain Candida albicans was comparable to unirradiated membranes. Impermeability of the chitin‐nanosilver membranes to different microorganisms was also not affected by gamma irradiation.
Preparation of PMMA grafted calcium carbonate whiskers and its reinforcement effect in PVC
Authors: Cui Jia‐Yang , Cai Yang‐Ben , Yuan Wen‐Jin , Lv Zhong‐Fei , Zhang Chao , Xu Shi‐Ai
Published: November 2015

In this study, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) whiskers were grafted with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by in situ emulsion polymerization using γ‐methacryloxy propyl trimethoxyl silane (γ‐MPS) as a coupling agent, and the properties of resultant whisker were determined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that PMMA has been successfully grafted onto the surface of CaCO3 whiskers and the maximum grafting degree (Gd) is 3.75%. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of the tensile‐fractured surfaces show that modified CaCO3 whiskers have strong interfacial adhesion to the poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix. The tensile strength increases from 44.0 MPa for PVC composite with unmodified whisker to 49.5 MPa for that with grafted whisker. The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and TGA results indicate that the composites reinforced by modified CaCO3 whiskers have much higher modulus, glass transition temperature, and better thermal stability than their counterparts reinforced by unmodified CaCO3 whiskers. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2753–2761, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of constrained annealing on the mechanical properties of electrospun poly(ethylene oxide) webs containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Bao Jiaxing , Clarke Laura I. , Gorga Russell E.
Published: November 2015

In this work, flexible nanofibrous membranes (mats) of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with and without multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were fabricated by electrospinning. The effects of annealing and MWNT concentration on mat morphology, MWNT dispersion within the nanofibers, and the mechanical properties of electrospun mats were studied. Annealing temperatures ranged from 60 °C to 64 °C [near the melting temperature (64 °C via differential scanning calorimetry)] for 4 minutes. Samples were annealed with and without applied tension (constrained and unconstrained annealing). Annealing at the highest temperature (64 °C), before the loss of fibrous morphology, significantly improved fiber–fiber bonding and therefore the tensile strength of the mats. Compared with unconstrained annealing, constrained annealing introduced fiber alignment (and therefore molecular orientation) along the tensile axis (direction of constraint) during annealing and resulted in a significant increase in modulus for all samples (with and without MWNTs). The use of constrained annealing may be a facile approach to enhance modulus in nanofibrous mats while maintaining high porosity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 787–796
Modeling Scientific Processes With Mathematics Equations Enhances Student Qualitative Conceptual Understanding and Quantitative Problem Solving
Authors: SCHUCHARDT ANITA M. , SCHUNN CHRISTIAN D.
Published: November 2015

Amid calls for integrating science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (iSTEM) in K–12 education, there is a pressing need to uncover productive methods of integration. Prior research has shown that increasing contextual linkages between science and mathematics is associated with student problem solving and conceptual understanding. However, few studies explicitly test the benefits of specific instructional mechanisms for fostering such linkages. We test the effect of students developing a modeled process mathematical equation of a scientific phenomenon. Links between mathematical variables and processes within the equation and fundamental entities and processes of the scientific phenomenon are embedded within the equation. These connections are made explicit as students participate in model development. Pre–post gains are tested in students from diverse high school classrooms studying inheritance. Students taught using this instructional approach are contrasted against students in matched classrooms implementing more traditional instruction (Study 1) or prior traditional instruction from the same teachers (Study 2). Students given modeled process instruction improved more in their ability to solve complex mathematical problems compared to traditionally instructed students. These modeled process students also show increased conceptual understanding of mathematically modeled processes. The observed effects are not due to differences in instructional time or teacher effects.
HOW TO THINK THEOLOGICALLY ABOUT RIGHTS
Authors: Hauerwas Stanley
Published: November 2015

In this essay I offer a nuanced account of my critique of “rights” language. I argue that my primary concern is not to discount the usefulness of rights language in contemporary expressions of legal and moral duties. Rather my concern is with the overreliance on rights language such that it guards a society from acknowledging prior claims to a common good. Rights language has become too powerful when appeals to rights threatens to replace first-order moral descriptions in a manner that makes us less able to make the moral discriminations that we depend upon to be morally wise. Finally, I turn to Simone Weil and Rowan Williams, who both turn to the body to suggest a more constructive way for thinking about rights as attending to the body, which forces us to attend to contingency. Human contingency can help us resist abstractions that fail to properly account for and address bodily needs.
THE BRITISH EMPIRE AND THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA (1858-1947)
Authors: Roy Tirthankar
Published: November 2015

Interpretations of the role of the state in economic change in colonial (1858-1947) and post-colonial India (1947-) tend to presume that the colonial was an exploitative and the post-colonial a developmental state. This article shows that the opposition does not work well as a framework for economic history. The differences between the two states lay elsewhere than in the drive to exploit Indian resources by a foreign power. The difference was that British colonial policy was framed with reference to global market integration, whereas post-colonial policy was framed with reference to nationalism. The article applies this lesson to reread the economic effects of the two types of state, and reflects on ongoing debates in the global history of European expansion.
Global benchmarking networks: the cases of disaster risk reduction and supply chains
Authors: PORTER TONY
Published: November 2015

While the importance and key features of transnational benchmarking have received increased attention in recent years, the organisational contexts of this benchmarking have not yet been analysed systematically enough. Drawing on actor-network theory, this article identifies two key aspects of these contexts. The first is embeddedness, which refers to the degree to which there are networks that carry information and action from the benchmark to its contexts and back that are sustained institutionally, including by technical artefacts, objects, and routine local practices. Embeddedness is critical to the effectiveness of benchmarking. The second is publicness, which refers to the degree to which these networks exhibit expanding flows of information across widening circles of engagement, or instead are marked by control, domination, and exclusion. The article argues that benchmarking as a form of governance has an inherent impetus toward greater publicness, although this can be prevented by self-interested actors or problems associated with embeddedness. The article then explores the relevance of these conceptual points by examining cases of transnational benchmarking: disaster risk reduction and supply chain management.
The limits of global authority: World Bank benchmarks in Ethiopia and Malawi
Authors: SENDING OLE JACOB , LIE JON HARALD SANDE
Published: November 2015

Global benchmarks (re)shape political conversations and institutionalise authoritative languages. It does not necessarily follow, however, that benchmarks can exert a lasting or significant influence over policies and behaviour of benchmarked actors. We analyse how the World Bank uses benchmarks to manage its relations with both donors and recipient governments. We analyse the role of the World Bank’s Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA), both at headquarters and in relation to the recent history of two countries in Africa: Ethiopia and Malawi. We find that the CPIA is not – and contrary to what one would expect from the CPIA’s nominal function and the literature on benchmarks – a very important tool for signalling incentives and allocating funds, or shaping the policy dialogue or the World Bank’s strategy in these two countries. Rather, the CPIA is used highly selectively as one factor among many in the negotiations between World Bank staff and governments. We conclude that the CPIA helps establish the World Bank as an actor that embodies global authority on development issues, including with donors, but that there is a tension between such global authority on the one hand, and concrete authority to shape policy in domestic contexts, on the other.